bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
epidemiology of injuries and the first aid knowledge of via ferrata climbers in the European Alps
Authors: Küpper Thomas , Heggie Travis , Kühn Christian , Schwarz Ulrich , Schöffl Volker , Morrison Audry , Kühn Julia
Published: July 2024

Background: Via ferrata (VF) climbing is an increasingly popular mountain activity in the European Alps. The purpose of this study was to determine the nature of injuries incurred by VF climbers and to understand the extent of their First Aid (FA) knowledge and training.
Materials and methods: A questionnaire-based cohort study was performed at two alpine locations. Data included basic data (age, gender, climbing activities, exercise), 18 multiple choice questions with 5 answers each concerning First Aid (FA) knowledge and a self-rating of FA knowledge. Statistics were performed with non-parametric tests.
Results: 391 questionnaires were completed. Sunburns (23.9%), contusions (17.7%), open wounds (13.1%), and exhaustion-related injuries were the most reported incidents. Exhaustion was the most common emergency call. Only 52% of climbers wore helmets and gloves, less than 25% had adequate physical conditioning, and 28.1% reported having no FA training. The most common causes of emergencies were weather conditions (19%), stumbles (18.6%), falls (13.4%), and fatigue and deficiency in concentration (13.4%). Only 11 of the surveyed climbers scored 75% on their FA knowledge questions. VF climbers showed significant less FA knowledge than alpine mountaineers. They scored quite high on questions related to general FA but low on questions related to high altitude sickness, back, and thoracic injuries.
Conclusions: VF climbers should seek out FA training every two years with an emphasis placed on sunburns, contusions, open wounds, and exhaustion injuries. The training should also emphasize the prevention of back and thoracic trauma and developing rescue strategies.
Exploitation of bee honey health-related properties in human nutrition
Authors: Teległów Aneta
Published: July 2024

The application of bee honey in human nutrition is among the earliest branches of medicine. Bee honey constitutes a natural source of ingredients that exhibit beneficial effects on the human body. Owing to its high content of components supporting human health, honey is considered a ‘cure-all’. Pure honey exerts a particularly strong therapeutic influence. Honey is produced by bees from flower nectar or honeydew. Floral or nectar honeys are named after the particular plants; examples include rapeseed honey. A particular type is honeydew honey, obtained from the so-called honeydew, i.e. plant secretions produced in sites damaged by aphids. The main ingredients of honey are carbohydrates, i.e. glucose (30%–39%) and fructose (33%–43%), and active substances, which include enzymes, predominantly coming from the secretions of bee throat and salivary glands. Honeys popular in Poland: rapeseed honey, linden honey, buckwheat honey, acacia honey, heather honey, multifloral honey. The health-related properties of honey are significant in medicine: honey consumption helps counteract pathogenic microorganisms that attack the human body. The aim of this article is to present the most significant health-related properties of bee honey exploited in human nutrition.
BREAST CANCER SURGERY UNDER GENERAL ANAESTHESIA IN AN NONAGENRIAN MALE WITH A PACEMAKER
Authors: Dimoko Alexander
Published: July 2024

Worldwide, breast cancer is the most common cancer. Male breast cancer (MBC) in men is still an uncommon and largely understudied disease. This disease makes up <1% of breast cancers in humans. In both males and females, breast cancer has been associated with high mortality rates. More than 80% of patients diagnosed with breast cancer will undergo surgery as part of their treatment and in most cases; surgery is performed under general anaesthesia. However, the coexistence of significant cardiac comorbidities further complicates the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of breast cancer in the elderly.
 
This case report describes the presentation, diagnostic journey, and the anaesthetic and surgical management of breast cancer in a 92-year-old male with a significant cardiac morbidity that impacts with the quality of life of the patient. The report also highlights the challenges associated with the intraoperative anaesthetic and postoperative pain management of the patient. It emphasizes the importance of multispecialty collaboration and the development of adjuvant treatments which are tailor made for the patient.
Mini-laparotomy in emergency general surgery in a second-level hospital: a prospective study
Authors: Karachentsev Sergiy , Kadochi Womba
Published: July 2024

Background: Mini-laparotomy (ML) is one of the approaches aimed to reduce intraoperative stress and enhance recovery in surgical patients. The objective was to determine how safe and feasible ML access is in emergency surgery.
Methods: This prospective, two-group, parallel active-controlled study evaluated adult patients operated on for acute abdominal conditions at a second-level hospital. Patients explored with the use of ML and those having standard laparotomy access (SL) formed two arms of the study. Cases of abdominal malignancy, generalised peritonitis, and patients scheduled for relaparotomy procedure were excluded. Length of hospital stay and 30-day morbidity/mortality were primary endpoints. Secondary outcomes were operative time, estimated blood loss during the procedure, and postoperative pain control.
Results: Thirty-five patients were explored through ML, and 33 had an SL incision. The size of ML ranged from 6 to 12 cm, with the median being 10.5 cm. Employment of ML was associated with reduced length of stay (p=0.008), shorter operative time (p=0.003), and minimised need for opioid analgesia (p=0.008); however, the difference in postoperative complications was not statistically significant (ML: 20% versus SL: 27%, p=0.48) and mortality was similar in both groups (6%).
Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that ML is a safe technique that could be used for the treatment of urgent abdominal conditions in selected patients. Having comparable postoperative morbidity with the SL approach, it might lead to reduced pain and enhanced recovery after the procedure.
Keywords: Mini-laparotomy, standard laparotomy, emergency general surgery
Is There a Need to Establish Clinical Specialist and Consultant Radiographer Positions in Our Settings: Zambia and Zimbabwe?
Authors: Bwanga Osward , Chinene Bornface , Sindaza Ncheebe
Published: July 2024

The practice of radiography is developing and changing globally. This development is due to the availability of a range of advanced imaging modalities such as ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), mammography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and nuclear medicine (NM) and meeting the changing demands of the healthcare delivery system. The radiography career pathways in Zambia and Zimbabwe were created when advanced imaging modalities were unavailable. With radiographers obtaining specialised qualifications in these imaging modalities, it is necessary to establish clinical specialist radiographer positions similar to medical doctors in our settings and radiographers in most non-African countries. The clinical specialist radiographer position is unavailable in our local radiography career pathway despite the Health Professions Council of Zambia (HPCZ) and Allied Health Practitioners Council of Zimbabwe (AHPCZ) having a specialist register for radiographers. In our settings, radiographers also depend on consultant radiologists for clinical leadership. However, radiology and radiography are different professions. To develop the radiography profession and retain radiographers, it is necessary to revise the career pathway and incorporate consultant radiographer positions to provide clinical leadership to their colleagues. This would improve the delivery of imaging services in Zambia and Zimbabwe.
Pengetahuan Ibu dan Lama Pemberian ASI pada Balita Terhadap Kejadian TB
Authors: Merilla Erizon Desy , Mayasari Kurniati
Published: July 2024

Masalah TB paru pada anak memerlukan perhatian yang lebih baik dalam program pengendalian TB. Penyakit infeksi pada anak dapat dicegah dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif. Efektifitas ASI dalam pengendalian infeksi dibuktikan dengan berkurangnya kejadian beberapa penyakit spesifik pada anak yang mendapat ASI dibanding anak yang mendapat susu formula. Ibu harus mengetahui ASI dan ASI eksklusif dan seberapa lama atau sering ibu menyusui bayinya, ibu juga perlu meningkatkan pengetahuan Ibu tentang TB Paru. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan ibu tentang TB Paru dan lama pemberian ASI pada balita terhadap kejadian TB Paru di Puskesmas Tanah Garam. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan crosssectional study. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tanggal 02 – 31 Oktober tahun 2023 dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 50 orang dengan teknik pengambilan sampel accidental sampling. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan data yang didapat diolah dan dianalisa secara univariat dan bivariat dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari separuh (76%) responden memiliki pengetahuan rendah, lebih dari separuh (60%) responden memberikan ASI < 6 bulan, lebih dari separuh (64%) mengalami kejadian TB Paru. Hasil uji statistik diperoleh p value =0,000 (? <0,05). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan ibu mempengaruhi terjadinya TB paru begitu juga pemberian ASI ekslusif mempengaruhi terjadinya TB paru, maka dari itu diharapkan kepada petugas kesehatan meningkatkan pendidikan kesehatan tentang TB paru dan lebih sering menyarankan agar ibu mau memberikan ASI ekslusif pada bayinya agar dapat mengurangi angka kejadian TB paru.
BANK MAHSULOTLARI VA ULARNI MOLIYAVIY TEXNOLOGIYALAR ASOSIDA RAQAMLASHTIRISH ISTIQBOLLARI
Authors: Mamadiyarov Zokir , Karimov Shermurod
Published: July 2024

Jahon amaliyotiga ko‘ra, tijorat banklarida bank va mijozlari jismoniy aloqasiz, bank binosiga bormasdan pul mablag‘larini boshqarishi, ko‘p sonli mijozlariga navbatsiz xizmat ko‘rsatish, vaqt va xarajatlarni tejash imkoniyatlari bank xizmatlarini masofadan ko‘rsatish, raqamli yordamchilar, raqamli banklar, biometrik texnologiyalar, mobil ilovalar, blokcheyn texnologiyasi, sun’iy intellekt va boshqa zamonaviy moliyaviy texnologiyalar asosida bank xizmatlari va mahsulotlarini raqamlashtirish orqali bank tizimidagi muammoli holatlar uchun qulay moliyaviy yechimlar ishlab chiqish kabi tadqiqot yo‘nalishlariga alohida e’tibor berilmoqda. Mazkur maqolada ham bank mahsulotlari va ularni moliyaviy texnologiyalar asosida raqamlashtirish istiqbollari tadqiq etilib, uning o‘zgarishiga xos tendensiyalar va mavjud muammolar o‘rganilgan hamda rivojlantirishning muhim yo‘nalishlari bo‘yicha tavsiyalar berilgan.
GREEN ECONOMY AS A DRIVER OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH IN UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Khamdamov Shoh-Jakhon , Kakhramonova Umida , Usmanov Anvar
Published: July 2024

Uzbekistan finds itself at a crucial crossroads wherein the imperative lies in striking a harmonious equilibrium between advancing its economy while upholding environmental sustainability. This manuscript delves into the potential of implementing a green economy as a catalyst for fostering sustainable economic progress within Uzbekistan. The author delves into how the shift towards utilizing renewable energy, enhancing resource efficiency, and adopting eco-friendly practices can engender novel economic prospects, enhance public well-being, and mitigate environmental challenges. The manuscript scrutinizes the current green ventures in Uzbekistan, encompassing investments in renewable energy outlets and regulations aimed at safeguarding the environment. The significance of education, fostering innovation, and embracing inclusive growth strategies in bolstering a successful transition towards a green economy is deliberated upon. Through a comprehensive examination of both the environmental and economic merits, this research endeavor aspires to enrich the discourse surrounding sustainable development in Uzbekistan.
YUQORI RAQAMLI TEXNOLOGIYALAR EKSPORTINING DINAMIK TA’SIRI XORIJIY MAMLAKATLAR MISOLIDA
Authors: Maxmudov Samariddin
Published: July 2024

Ushbu maqolada Jahon bankidan (https://data.worldbank.org/) olingan maʼlumotlar asosida oddiy eng kichik kvadratlar (OLS) va Strukturaviy tenglamalarni modellashtirish (SEM) regressiya modellaridan foydalangan holda ekonometrik tenglamalar ishlab chiqildi. Asosiy eʼtibor 2022 yilda 49 mamlakat bo‘ylab yuqori raqamli texnologiyalar eksportiga taʼsir etuvchi omillarning iqtisodiy ahamiyati o’rganildi. Shuningdek, xorijiy mamlakatlarda yuqori raqamali texnologiyalar eksporti hajmining ijobiy ta’siri baholangan. Natijalar shuni ko’rsatdiki, yuqori raqamli texnologiylar eksporti hajmida texnologik parametrlar kuchli korrelatsion bo’gliqligi va ekonometrik tenglamalar natijalari test ko’rsatkichlarining ahamiyatliylik darajasi bugungu kunda ushbu sohaninig yanada rivojlanishida zaruratini oshiradi.
O‘ZBEKISTON SUG‘URTA BOZORINING UMUMIY SUG‘URTA TARMOG‘I BO‘YICHA HOZIRGI HOLATI VA UNING RIVOJLANISH TENDENTSIYALARI
Authors: Oripov Akbar
Published: July 2024

Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekiston sug‘urta bozorining umumiy sug‘urta tarmog‘i bo‘yicha so‘nggi yillardagi ko‘rsatkichlari dinamikasi ya’ni sug’urta kompaniyalari tomonidan yig’ilgan sug‘urta mukofotlari va to‘langan sug‘urta tovonlari hajmi yoritilgan hamda tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek sug‘urta bozorining rivojlanishidagi mavjud muammolar yoritilib, ularning yechimi bo’yicha takliflar berib o’tilgan.
O‘ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI AHOLISINI ISH BILAN BANDLIGINI OSHIRISH YO’LLARINI STATISTIK TADQIQ QILISH
Authors: Razikova Gulmira
Published: July 2024

Ushbu maqola O'zbekiston Respublikasi aholisi ish bilan bandligini oshirish yo'llarini statistik tahlil qilishga bag'ishlangan. Tadqiqotda hozirgi ish bilan bandlik tendensiyalari o'rganilib, ishga joylashishga ta'sir etuvchi asosiy omillar aniqlanadi va ish o'rinlarini yaratishni oshirish bo'yicha strategiyalar taklif etiladi. Turli ma'lumot manbalarini tahlil qilish orqali, ushbu tadqiqot O'zbekistondagi ish bilan bandlik holatini keng qamrovli tushunishni va siyosatchilar uchun amaliy tavsiyalar taqdim etishni maqsad qilgan.
Authoritarianism as a Service: India’s Moves to Weaponize Private Sector Content Moderation with the 2021 Information Technology Rules
Authors: Karanicolas Michael
Published: July 2024

A central regulatory challenge related to the spread of Internet access is that the power of mass communication has both been democratized and decentralized into the hands of anyone with a connected device, but also consolidated in a handful of massive tech companies, providing opportunities for unprecedented surveillance and control over the public discourse. This paper argues that the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 pose a severe threat to freedom of expression in India, by providing an avenue for the government to coopt these enormous powers under revised safe harbor provisions that essentially turn private sector content moderation powers into a cudgel to target government critics outside of traditional mechanisms of constitutional scrutiny. While India is not the first country to adopt a “jawboning” strategy against platforms to suit domestic political purposes, this posture goes far beyond what any comparable democratic country has attempted. Ultimately, the paper argues in favor of India’s potential to assume global leadership in fostering robust public accountability in platform governance, but that this requires the country to put human rights and democracy at the center of its reform agenda.
India's Take on Legal Remedy of Passing Off: A Celebrity's Perspective
Authors: Salar Niharika , Sinha Sonal
Published: July 2024

"The development of mass media led to the development of intrigue and curiosity around celebrities and their persona, and the profits hidden therein. Harping upon this intrigue, stakeholders realised the brand power behind celebrity personalities. However, problems arose when there was an increase in the unauthorised exploitation of celebrity personalities. While on the legal front, several remedies are resorted to, William Prosser narrowed down these into four, i.e., intrusion into one’s private space, disclosure of one’s personal and private facts, disclosure of incorrect facts that puts one under a false light and misappropriating one’s personality for commercial gain. Hinged on the brand value of a celebrity’s personality, the right to publicity emphasises the right of a celebrity to claim control over the commercial value of their identity. Remedy against the unauthorised commercial exploitation of a celebrity’s identity is commonly found in the tort of passing off. The article assesses the contours of the remedy of passing off as availed by celebrities and implemented by the Indian Courts. The article also draws a comparison with the approaches employed by American and English law in their understanding of celebrity personality, contrasting the same with the Indian approach."
Het rariteitenkabinet dat beleid heet
Authors: Bröring H.E.
Published: July 2024

Het rariteitenkabinet dat beleid heet. Ontwikkelingen rond niet-wettelijke regels in een fluïde bestuursrecht

In deze bijdrage wordt de juridische stand van zaken van de verschillende typen niet-wettelijke regels (beleidsvormen) in het bestuursrecht en hun onderlinge verhouding opgemaakt. Ook al beogen de verschillende typen regels bij te dragen aan hetzelfde, namelijk gelijke behandeling, rechtszekerheid en evenredigheid, het totaalplaatje getuigt niet van grote eenvoud. Bovendien erodeert de grens tussen beleidsregels en lagere wetgeving. Inzicht in de verschillende typen regels en hun onderlinge verhouding kan regelopstellers helpen om de consequenties voor de uitvoering en rechterlijke toetsing van hun keuze voor deze of gene soort regels te overzien.
Het Veiligheidsberaad als wetgever
Authors: Boogaard G.
Published: July 2024

Het Veiligheidsberaad als wetgever. Bijzondere wetgeving tijdens de coronacrisis

Het Veiligheidsberaad was tijdens de coronacrisis formeel geen wetgever. De bevoegdheden waren van de burgemeesters, geconcentreerd bij de 25 voorzitters van de veiligheidsregio’s. Toch zou een redenering kunnen worden opgezet die Veiligheidsberaad tot de wetgevende macht van een lidstaat in de zin van artikel 3 EP EVRM rekent. Hoewel het onwaarschijnlijk is dat het EHRM die conclusie zou hebben getrokken, verheldert de toepassing van het juridisch kader op de feiten van destijds wel de positie van het Veiligheidsberaad. Die kreeg iets weg van de plek die de Duitse Bundesrat inneemt in het Duitse theorie van het Exekutivföderalismus.
Opsplitsing Raad van State om nieuwe toeslagenschandalen te voorkomen?
Authors: van Gestel R.A.J.
Published: July 2024

Opsplitsing Raad van State om nieuwe toeslagenschandalen te voorkomen?

De parlementaire enquêtecommissie Fraudebeleid en Dienstverlening adviseert de Afdeling bestuursrechtspraak van de Raad van State onder te brengen bij de rechterlijke macht en wordt daarin bijgestaan door anderen, die ook vinden dat Nederlands hoogste bestuursrechter zich niet voldoende onafhankelijk en onpartijdig zou (kunnen) opstellen ten opzichte van de Afdeling advisering, mede naar aanleiding van de toeslagenaffaire. Deze bijdrage laat echter zien dat eerder het omgekeerde het geval is en er juist eerder te weinig is geluisterd naar de kritiek van de Afdeling advisering. Splitsing is daarom geen oplossing voor de problemen die zich in dat dossier hebben voorgedaan.
Moties tot intrekking van een wetsvoorstel: doorkruising van de wetsprocedure?
Authors: Borman T.C.
Published: July 2024

Moties tot intrekking van een wetsvoorstel: doorkruising van de wetsprocedure?

Naar aanleiding van een in april 2024 door de Tweede Kamer aanvaarde motie waarin de regering is verzocht om een wetsvoorstel tot wijziging van de Transgenderwet in te trekken, wordt in deze bijdrage ingegaan op de figuur van dergelijke ‘intrekkingsmoties’. Een zoekslag naar dergelijke moties leverde 68 moties op. Bijna altijd worden dergelijke moties verworpen. Aan de centrale vraag of een intrekkingsmotie moet worden opgevat als een doorkruising van de wetsprocedure – zou de Kamer immers niet gewoon over een wetsvoorstel moeten stemmen in plaats van (ook) over zo’n motie? – is in de parlementaire geschiedenis slechts summier aandacht besteed. De gevallen waarin dat gebeurde, worden in deze bijdrage besproken. Op de genoemde vraag blijkt geen pasklaar antwoord te geven, want het is sterk afhankelijk van de omstandigheden van het geval. Wel kan worden gezegd dat de wetsprocedure op zijn kop wordt gezet als de Tweede Kamer in een motie vraagt om een inmiddels bij de Eerste Kamer aanhangig wetsvoorstel in te trekken.
Living With Earthquakes
Authors: Khataniar J N
Published: July 2024

An earthquake can initiate severe damage to the civil infrastructure and bring disaster to public lives. This chapter describes a brief illustration of the causes and history of major earthquakes, the seismic conditions in India with emphasis on the northeast region, the disastrous effects, and the mitigation techniques to safeguard the civil infrastructures against such calamity.
Design and Simulation of Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithms for Portfolio Problems
Authors: Wu Chun-Han , Wei Tian-Xiang , Liu Jia , Cai Shao-Jie
Published: July 2024

This paper studies the application of quantum approximate optimization algorithm in portfolio optimization problem, and focuses on the real stock market, analyzes and quantifies the real data of ten stocks, compares the performance of quantum approximate optimization algorithm and classical algorithm in solving this problem, and also analyzes the effect of noise on the solution using quantum approximate optimization, showing the performance of quantum approximate optimization algorithm in the financial stock market and the The performance and application value of the quantum approximate optimization algorithm in the financial stock market are shown.
PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI MENULIS KARYA ILMIA SEDERHANA MENGGUNAKAN STRATEGI KONTEKSTUAL KELAS XI SMA NEGERI 1 DARUL HASANAH TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2021/2022
Authors: Saidi  , James Marudut  , Rekaza Akbar
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis karya ilmiah dengan menggunakan strategi kontekstual siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Darul Hasanah . Masalah Utama penellitian ini adalah” Apakah ada Peningkatan menulis karya ilmiah dengan menggunakan strategi kontekstual oleh siswa Kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Darul Hasanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketetrampilan menulis karya ilmiah siswa Kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Darul Hasanah dengan menggunakan strategi kontekstual pada siklus I berda pada kategori sangat rendah dan rendah dengan nilai rata- rata adalah 52.83. dan setelah keterampilan menulis karya ilmiahpada siswa kelas XI IPA Negeri 1 Darul Hasanah dengan menggunakan strategi kontekstual pada siklus II berada pada nilai tinggi dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 87. 39 dengan presentase 19 siswa kategori tinggi (85%). Berdasarkan penelitian tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa keterampilan menulis karya ilmiah siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Darul Hasanah dengan menggunakan strategi konseftual mengalami peningkatan . Dengan demikian pembelajaran menggunkan strategi kontekstual dapat diterapkan kepada siswa karena mampu membantu agar siswa lebih semangat dalam pembelajaran.
ANALISIS BUTIR SOAL UJIAN AKHIR SEKOLAH MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 3 KUTACANE TAHUN PELAJARAN 2020/2021
Authors: Saleha  , James Marudut  , Rekaza Akbar
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesukaran butir soal dan daya beda butir soal Ujian Akhir Sekolah Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 3 Kutacane Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode observasi, dan kuantitatif. Metode observasi ini digunakan untuk mengetahui jumlah peserta didik dan mendapatkan naskah soal dan data lembar jawaban soal Bahasa Indonesia, yang menjadi sampel adalah kelas VIII SMP Negeri 3 Kutacane. Sedangkan metode kuantitatif digunakan pada saat melakukan analisis butir soal Ujian Akhir Sekolah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kesukaran butir soal Ujian Akhir Sekolah Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 3 Kutacane Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021 dengan soal kriteria mudah (2,5%), soal dengan kriteria sedang(55%) dan soal dengan kriteria sukar (42,5%). Daya beda memiliki kriteria soal dibuang (12,5%), kriteria soal baik sekali tidak ditemukan (0%), kriteria soal baik (17,5%), kriteria soal cukup (22,5%) dan kriteria soal jelek (47,5%). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini pada tingkat kesukaran adalah soal Ujian Akhir Sekolah Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 3 Kutacane Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021 memiliki kriteria soal sedang, dan daya beda soal  Ujian Akhir Sekolah Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 3 Kutacane Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021 memiliki kualifikasi soal yang baik.
PENGARUH METODE PEMBELAJARAN COOVERATIVE SCRIPT TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA OLEH SISWA KELAS XI SMA NEGERI 3 KUTACANE TAHUN PELAJARAN 2021/2022
Authors: Leli Nurdari  , Lusi Selvia Fitri  , M. Supratman
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh metode pembelajaran cooperative script terhadap keterampilan berbicara oleh siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 3 Kutacane Tahun Pembelajaran 2021/2022. Yang menjadi populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 3 Kutacane yang berjumlah 100 siswa. Adapun yang menjadi sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPA 2 yang berjumlah 24 siswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan rancangan one group preetest and posttest design dengan analisis data menggunakan uji “t”. Adapun data yang diperoleh nilai rata-rata tes awal keterampilan berbicara adalah sebesar 59,58 dan termasuk dalam kategori kurang, dengan standar deviansinya sebesar 6,27 dan mengalami peningkatan pada hasil tes akhirnya dengan nilai rata – rata 82,83 dengan standar diviansinya sebesar 2,5. Berdasarkan hasil nilai tes awal dan tes akhir siswa tersebut dan jika dikaitkan dengan nilai KKM pelajaran bahasa Indonesia di SMA Negeri 3 Kutacane sebesar 70, maka kemampuan siswa dalam dalam keterampilan berbicara  untuk tes akhir siswa termasuk dalam kategori baik. Dari pengujian hipotesis diperoleh thitung sebesar 16,30 dikonsultasikan dengan ttabel pada taraf signifikasi 5% adalah sebesar 2,064 dengan demikian thitung > ttabel atau 16,30 > 2,064 maka hipotesis diterima. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan dalam penerapan metode cooperative script untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara oleh siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 3 Kutacane Tahun Pembelajaran 2021/2022.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN GROUP INVESTIGATION TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENULIS TEKS CERITA IMAJINASI OLEH SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 4 BADAR TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2023/2024
Authors: Rama wati  , Ati Rosmiati  , Ichwanul Ramdhan
Published: July 2024

Adapun yang menjadi populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh kelas VII yang berjumlah 25 orang dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII 1 yang berjumlah 25 orang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan rancangan one group, tes serta rancang uji analisis dengan menentukan nilai rata-rata, standar deviasi, standar error, modus dan median. Dari pengolahan data diperoleh nilai rata-rata tes pembelajaran Kemampuan Menulis Teks Cerita Imajinasi oleh Siswa Klas VII SMP Negeri 4 Badar Tahun Pembelajaran 2022/2023 sebesar 77,6 dan termasuk dalam kategori baik, dengan standar deviasi sebesar 2,50, dengan standar error sebesar 0,51, modus dari penelitian ini adalah 75, yaitu 12 orang siswa yang mendapatkan nilai 75, dan median dari penelitian ini adalah pada urutan 13 yaitu 75. Bedasarkan hasil nilai tes siswa tersebut dan jika dikaitkan dengan nilai KKM Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia untuk SMP Negeri 4 Badar sebesar 70. Maka pembelajaran Kemampuan Menulis Teks Cerita Imajinasi oleh Siswa termasuk dalam kategori baik. Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ada Kemampuan Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Cerita Imajinasi Melalui Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Group Investigation Siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 4 Badar Tahun Pembelajaran 2022/2023.
Analisis Sistem Manajemen Pemeliharaan Mesin Die Casting
Authors: Ferdiyansyah Ferdiyansyah , Qisti Yafta , Setiawan Dibyo
Published: July 2024

Dalam suatu industri, bagian maintenance memegang peranan yang sangat penting untuk menjamin kelancaran proses produksi. Metode pemeliharaan mesin dengan preventive maintenance merupakan suatu strategi yang dapat dipertimbangkan dalam memperbaiki kinerja mesin yang ada. Hal tersebut dikarenakan perawatan yang benar dan teratur dapat meningkatkan kinerja mesin dan mengurangi tingkat kerusakan mesin yang nantinya akan berpengaruh terhadap kontinuitas kegiatan produksi. Pada die casting division PT Astra Honda Motor pada mesin die casting sering terjadi permasalahan Plunger Tip macet, permasalahan komponen ini menjadi beban downtime mesin yang sering terjadi pada saat produksi berlangsung. Untuk itu diperlukan suatu metode yang tepat yang mampu menggambarkan kondisi perawatan di perusahaan tersebut. Hal ini dilakukan dengan melakukan analisis perhitungan lifetime. Data yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini adalah Autonomus Maintenance, lifetime Plunger Tip,dan data setting standar mesin. Tahap pertama yang dilakukan untuk menyelesaikan masalah yang ada yaitu melihat standar setting mesin, pengisian Autonomus Maintenance dan data pergantian Plunger Tip. Hal tersebut penting dilakukannya analisis karena sangat berpengaruh pada produksi mesin Die Casting.
Effectiveness of Essential Oils against Pathogenic Bacteria: A Laboratory Study
Authors: Mansoori Dina Hussein Hatif Al ,   Geomatics Technology Center, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq, Kahdum Bashaer J , Al Bayati Firas Shawkat , Jawad Sahar M. , Kamil Othman Alchalabi Mutafa ,   Geomatics Technology Center, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq,   Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq,   Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentist, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq,   Geomatics Technology Center, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
Published: July 2024

A laboratory investigation was carried out to assess the efficiency of specific essential oils against various pathogenic microorganisms. The study included testing the efficacy of each essential oil (ginger oil, garlic oil, turmeric oil, clove oil, eucalyptus oil, rosemary oil, aloe oil, and frankincense oil) against pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) to reduce their growth and reproduction, as well as determining which essential oil is more effective than others. According to the findings, garlic oil has a more potent antibacterial impact against Staphylococcus aureus than Escherichia coli, and clove oil has a more substantial antimicrobial effect than garlic oil, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus. Rosemary oil has a great capacity to suppress both types of pathogens. Aloe is also effective in inhibiting both types of bacteria. Because of the chemicals that inhibit bacterial growth in those oils, frankincense, and eucalyptus oil have a better inhibitory potential for Staphylococcus aureus than Escherichia coli. There was no inhibitory ability for turmeric oil or ginger oil. The study indicated that essential oils can inhibit bacterial development.
THE THEME OF THE CITY IN POSTMODERN LITERATURE
Authors: Amangazykyzy M. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: July 2024

The article examines the stories "Elevator" by Temirlan Kylyshbek and "Heart of the Dragon" by Nurbek Nurzhanuly written in the postmodern style of modern Kazakh prose. The purpose of the scientific research is to determine the features of the image of the city in postmodern literature, to analyze the psychology of the author and the character. The methodological basis of the study was the work of scientists such as G. Simmel, L. Mumford, M. Bradbury, etc., who considered urban life in various aspects. In order to expand the boundaries of the question of the influence of the city on literature, on the poetics of urbanism in literature, this article examines the main aspects of the city as a socio-cultural phenomenon in humanitarian theory with the involvement of the works of Western European and American urban theorists. Also, when analyzing works of art, scientific studies of Kazakhstani literary critics on postmodernism, such as B. Maitanov, A. Ismakova, J. Zharylgapov, G. Eleukenova, A. Kodar, S. Kasym, A. Aliakbar, were taken into account. Hermeneutical and comparative research methods were used in the work. The results obtained on the basis of the study can be used as additional educational material in preparation for lectures and practical classes on the subjects "Theory of Literature", "Modern Kazakh literature", "Literary analysis and literary creativity" taught in higher educational institutions.
CHALLENGES OF BILINGUALISM: CODE-SWITCHING AND LANGUAGE DOMINANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Aliaskar A. ,   HarvardUniversity
Published: July 2024

This research paper explores the dynamics of bilingualism in Kazakhstan, focusing on code-switching and language dominance within the context of the country’s historical, social, and educational landscape. Kazakhstan’s bilingual environment, characterized by the coexistence of Kazakh and Russian, is rooted in its complex history, from the Russian Empire’s influence on the Soviet era’s policies, which promoted Russian as the dominant language. Following independence in 1991, Kazakhstan has made significant efforts to revitalize Kazakh while maintaining Russian as a vital link to the global community. This study examines the theoretical framework of bilingualism, highlighting the types and implications of code-switching and the factors influencing language dominance. Through analysis of code-switching patterns, linguistic characteristics, and the impact of language dominance on cognitive, academic, and socio-economic outcomes, the paper sheds light on the challenges and implications for bilingual education, social integration, and policymaking in Kazakhstan. The findings underscore the need for balanced language instruction, inclusive policies, and cultural initiatives to foster a multilingual society that values both Kazakh and Russian, ensuring equitable opportunities for all citizens.
ETYMOLOGY AND THE MAIN MEANING OF SOME MONETARY UNITS IN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE
Authors: Adilov M. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University
Published: July 2024

There were many words in the Kazakh language that meant «money» or were used as the name of a currency. Among such names of money, words such as «altyn, kumis, aksha, tenge, tiyn» are still actively used in the Kazakh language. But the currency meaning of the words «altyn» and «kumis» was eventually forgotten, and the semantics of precious metals remained. The term «tenge» re-entered the active circulation of the language after this historical word was chosen as the national currency in 1993. The financial terms «pul, som, manat, bakyr, shaka, zharmak, zhamby, kuresh» have become historicisms. Including the words «bakyr, zhamby» have acquired a new and derivative meaning. Despite the fact that words like «pul, bakyr, som» are less often used, but still some older people say the word «som» instead of «tenge». In particular, the word «pul» has already begun to be used as part of new terms such as «aiyppul» or «osimpul» and so it has re-entered the language. Among the names of monetary units, Arabic-Persian words like «dinar, dilda, dirham, manat» were also used in the Kazakh steppes. Although they themselves fell out of use as money, they remained in maiden names like Dinara, Dilda, Manat. The article analyzes the history of use, semantic character and origin of the terms «tenge, tiyn, aksha, som, bakyr, pul, shaka, dilda» found in the works of Abai and Shakarim and used in Turkic languages, based on the ancient or medieval Turkic written heritage and data of related and unrelated languages.
DESCRIPTIVE STRATEGIES IN ADI SHARIPOV’S TRAVELOGUE
Authors: Dosmaganbetova G. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Beisenova Zh. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: July 2024

This article is a study devoted to the application of descriptive strategies to the analysis of artistic travelogue in order to identify and understand its creative properties that characterize both the surrounding world and the inner world of a person. It is also noted that travelogue is one of the popular genres of literature. The goal is to study and describe the descriptive travelogue strategies undertaken in the writing of Adi Sharipov. The authors of the article focus on travelogue as an object of research, identifying the features of the content of the author’s descriptive strategy in the writer’s travel notes. The authors of the article focus on travelogue as an object of research, identifying the features of the content of the author’s descriptive strategy in the writer’s travel notes. In the course of the work, to establish the defining moment in the writer’s travelogue work, biographical information from his life is used for its analysis and evaluation. Also in the process of work, the language practice of the writer in travelogues is considered as one of the features of mental authors who convey new cultures through such strategies of linguistic objectification as comparison, metaphor, personification, detailing, humor and irony. The authors suggest that the writer’s language reflects an integral system and its internal laws and patterns, which are subject to the compositional and semantic organization of the travelogue. The article notes that Adi Sharipov’s travelogues, as valuable sources of information about the culture, history and geography of Kazakhstan and other countries in artistic form, are reasonable and understandable. In determining the writer’s descriptive strategy, objective analytical, literary and other scientific methods were used. It is also indicated that the analysis of the types and genres of travelogue reveals their great diversity, which today does not have one generally accepted scientific definition, as well as many unresolved aspects in art and, in particular, in literature. The authors propose methods and approaches based on the descriptive strategy of an individual writer for a deeper understanding of the artistic phenomenon of travelogue.
EXISTENTIAL MEANING IN THE WORKS (TOLGAU) OF DOSPAMBET ZHYRAU
Authors: Zhalelov D. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Altai A. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: July 2024

This article delves comprehensively into the expression of existential meaning within the body of works by Dospambet Zhyrau. Zhyrau's creative endeavors explore profound reflections on the essence of life, yearning, and the frequency of his actions, free from regrets about the past. Themes of melancholy and a lack of regret, recurring in his works, vividly portray the persona of Zhyrau. Despite spending much of his brief life in military campaigns, Zhyrau's primary focus is on the heroism and statehood of the country, as demonstrated through his improvisational strength on the battlefield. The essence of Dospambet's works, where poetic prowess aligns with a heroic character, lies in facing challenges without hesitation or regret. Courage, the struggle for statehood, yearning for the country, and a sense of longing for the past encapsulate Dospambet's life. His bravery is evident in successfully fulfilling the missions assigned to him. The article employs literary analysis, comparison, and poetic analysis to discern the core meaning and content of Dospambet's works. Additionally, it explores the syncretism of Dospambet Zhyrau's movements and discusses how concepts like "melancholy" and "non-regret" intersect with other fields of knowledge in the Kazakh context. The analysis extends to a comparison of the main ideas and essence of Dospambet Zhyrau's works, considering their internal harmony with the works of other zhyrau. The text also delves into the reflections of "melancholy" and "non-regret" in various scientific realms and their place in the Kazakh concept of knowledge. Aspects of the syncretism of Dospambet Zhyrau's movements are thoroughly examined, and the article highlights key keywords and thoughts in his works, proposing relevant scientific concepts. Dospambet's thoughts on Zhyrau's personality traits are illustrated with examples. Throughout the research, the opinions of scholars and researchers on the topic have been thoughtfully incorporated.
TB notifications among citizens and non-citizens in Taiwan
Authors: Lo H-Y , Huang Y-C , Chan P-C , Lee C-C , Chiang C-Y
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Substantial under-notification of TB among non-citizens has been noted previously. Foreign workers with TB who were deported previously could stay for anti-TB treatment since 2014. We assessed whether TB notification improved.

METHODS
We
used the National Health Insurance (NHI) reimbursement database to identify potential TB cases that required notification. We matched potential TB cases with the national TB registry to determine whether they had been notified. Cases notified within 7 days of the initiation of anti-TB treatment
were classified as having timely notification.

RESULTS
Of 53,208 potential TB cases identified in 2016–2020, 96.6% had been notified. The notification proportion increased from 95.5% in 2016 to 97.1% in 2020 among citizens and from
89.0% in 2016 to 96.9% in 2020 among non-citizens. Factors significantly associated with non-notification among non-citizens were previously notified TB (aOR 35.5, 95% CI 17.7–70.9), without health insurance (aOR 15.4, 95% CI 9.3–25.2) and having only one visit to health care facilities
in 6 months (aOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.4–3.8). The proportion of TB cases notified within 7 days was 87% overall, 86.2% among citizens, and 96.5% among non-citizens.

CONCLUSION
TB notification has improved, especially among non-citizens,
following a policy change that allows foreign workers to stay for anti-TB treatment.
Influência da argamassa no modo de ruptura de prismas cerâmicos
Authors: Kirinus Diego Armando , Melo Neto Osvaldo Garaialde de , Brandolf Aline , Zydeck Raquel Caroline , Bitencourt Geandra Salbego , Budny Jaelson , Hartmann Diego Arthur , Milani Alisson Simonetti
Published: July 2024

A alvenaria estrutural é um dos sistemas construtivos mais utilizados no Brasil. Contudo, apesar dos recentes avanços na tecnologia, ainda persiste uma lacuna de conhecimento relacionado a previsão do modo de ruptura da alvenaria estrutural, o que leva a um impacto no dimensionamento estrutural. Assim, para preencher essa lacuna na literatura, o comportamento da alvenaria estrutural, principalmente relacionado a ruptura, deve ser estudado. Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar o modo de ruptura de prismas cerâmicos, verificando a influência da argamassa. Para isso, foram realizados ensaios de compressão axial em prismas de duas fiadas, com três resistências de argamassas industrializadas diferentes, 2, 6 e 12 MPa. Esses ensaios foram instrumentados com LVDTs e filmados, então, foi realizada uma análise dos resultados com LVDTs, uma análise visual do modo de ruptura e uma análise de deformação em um software DIC (Digital Image Correlation). Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que a argamassa possui influência no modo de ruptura dos prismas, onde argamassas mais fracas induzem o rompimento do conjunto por esmagamento da junta.
Eficácia das lentes com filtro de luz azul na redução dos sintomas da astenopia digital (DES) ou síndrome visual do computador (SVC): uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Flores Thiago Dalmedico , Stock Ricardo Alexandre , Bonamigo Elcio Luiz
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: Analisar se as lentes com filtro azul são eficazes na redução dos sintomas da Astenopia Digital (DES) ou Síndrome Visual do Computador (SVC). Métodos: Tratou-se de uma revisão integrativa qualitativa, por meio de levantamento bibliográfico em seis bases de dados para análise de ensaios clínicos controlados. Resultados: Após a análise, foram incluídos quatro artigos com esse desenho de estudo sendo que 2 (50%) consideraram que as lentes com filtro azul são eficazes na redução dos sintomas da DES/SVC e 2 (50%) que não são eficazes. A escassez de trabalhos sobre o tema, a existência de outras causas e as diferentes metodologias utilizadas na análise contribuíram para a divergência dos resultados. Conclusão: As pesquisas analisadas mostram que não existe unanimidade quanto à eficácia da utilização das lentes com filtro azul para o combate aos sintomas da DES/SVC em parte porque a luz azul não é um fator causal isolado já que outras causas estão envolvidas em sua manifestação. Portanto, novos ensaios clínicos controlados são necessários para elucidar as dúvidas sobre o tema.
Implementasi Penggunaan Metode Amtsilati Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Kitab Kuning Santri Pondok Pesantren Bahrul Ulum Sumber Kejayan Mayang Jember
Authors: Rahmawati Ida
Published: July 2024

Abstrak: Dalam konteks kehidupan kita di Indonesia, dari keempat aspek kemampuan berbahasa, yang harus diprioritaskan adalah kemampuan membaca. Jika kemampuan membaca ini sudah memadai, maka mudah pula kita  untuk  menguasai  aspek-aspek  kemampuan  lainya,  oleh  karena  itu amtsilati merupakan ilmu dasar yang bersifat stategis. Dikatakan strategis, karena  dengan  menguasai  ilmu  ini  baik  teori  maupun  praktek,  maka  kita dengan  sendirinya  akan  mampu  membaca  dengan  benar  dan  memahami dengan tepat kitab-kitab yang berbahasa arab terutama al-Qur’an dan al- Hadits, serta kitab yang lain seperti kitab kuning. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjawab bagaimana perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi penggunaan metode amtsilati dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca kitab kuning santri. Lokasi penelitian ini adalah Pondok Pesantren Bahrul Ulum Sumber Kejayan Mayang Jember. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif. Data yang terkumpul di analisis dengan menggunakan metode berfikir induktif. Untuk menganalisis datanya menggunakan metode deskriftif kualitatif. Adapun proses pengumpulan datanya menggunakan metode observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perencanaan penggunaan metode amtsilati dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca kitab kuning santri dengan meninjau kesiapan santri terhadap metode yang akan di terapkan kemudian memasukkan metode Amtsilati ke dalam jadwal pembelajaran. Adapun evaluasi amtsilati dengan tes baca kitab kuning di kelas, dan uji kompetensi di depan publik pada saat haflatul imtihan dan maulid nabi.
 
Kata kunci : metode amtsilati, kitab kuning, membaca kitab
Perjuangan Pendidikan KH. Mahfudz Shiddiq Untuk Kemajuan dan Kemerdekaan Bangsa Indonesia
Authors: Halid Ahmad
Published: July 2024

Artikel ini membahasa tentang perjuangan KH. Mahfud Siddiq dalam mengembangkan kompetensi NU baik di bidang pendidikan, keorganisasian dan pendidikan kader NU. Masalah penelitian ini adalab bagaimana Perjuangan pendidikan KH. Mahfudz shiddiq untuk kemajuan dan kemerdekaan bangsa indonesia. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan kajian kesejarahan dan biografi KH. Ahmad Siddiq dari berbagai buku referensi ataupun jurnal, majalah, dan juga digali dari pihak Pengurus NU dan pihak keluarga beliau. Hasil penelitian ini bahwa beliau merupakan kader  pesantren yang memiliki kecerdasan yang tinggi dan pengabdian di NU menjadi ketua Tanfidiyah PBNU yang hidupnya diwakafkan untuk NU. Beliau mengajarkan kepada para santrinya dan masyarakat pentingnya menguasai bahasa sehingga beliau banyak menguasai bahasa dunia seperti bahasa Arab, Inggris, Belanda, Mandarin dan lain-lain. Beliau mengajarkan kedisiplinan dan pentingnya penguasaan ilmu pengetahuan lewat pendidikan pesantren atau pendidikan sekolah atau madrasah