bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional Mutations in 5′UTR of the BMPR2 Gene Identified in Chinese Families with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhang Chenting , Liu Chunli , Wang Wei , Zhang Nuofu , Hadadi Cyrus , Huang Junyi , Zhong Nanshan , Lu Wenju
Published: January 2016

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive pulmonary vasculopathy with significant morbidity and mortality. Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) has been well recognized as the principal gene responsible for heritable and sporadic PAH. Four unrelated Chinese patients with PAH and their family members, both symptomatic and asymptomatic, were genetically evaluated by sequencing all exons and the flanking regions of BMPR2. Functionality of the aberrant mutations at the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of BMPR2 in the families with PAH was determined by site mutation, transient transfection, and promoter‐reporter assays. Four individual mutations in the BMPR2 gene were identified in the 4 families, respectively: 10‐GGC repeats, 13‐GGC repeats, 4‐AGC repeats in 5–UTR, and a novel missense mutation in exon 7 (c.961C>T; p.Arg321X). Moreover, we demonstrated that (1) these 5′UTR mutations decreased the transcription of BMPR2 and (2) the GGC repeats and AGC repeats in BMPR2 5′UTR bore functional binding sites of EGR‐1 and MYF5, respectively. This is the first report demonstrating the presence of functional BMPR2 5′UTR mutations in familial patients with PAH and further indicating that EGR‐1 and MYF5 are potential targets for correcting these genetic abnormalities for PAH therapy.
Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus fumigatus mono- and co-cultures based on volatile biomarker combinations
Authors: Neerincx A H , Geurts B P , Habets M F J , Booij J A , van Loon J , Jansen J J , Buydens L M C , van Ingen J , Mouton J W , Harren F J M , Wevers R A , Merkus P J F M , Cristescu S M , Kluijtmans L A J
Published: January 2016

Volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis in exhaled breath is proposed as a non-invasive method to detect respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Since polymicrobial infections are common, we assessed whether we could distinguish Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus fumigatus mono- and co-cultures using the VOC emissions. We took headspace samples of P. aeruginosa, A. fumigatus and co-cultures at 16, 24 and 48 h after inoculation, in which VOCs were identified by thermal desorption combined with gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. Using multivariate analysis by Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis we found distinct VOC biomarker combinations for mono- and co-cultures at each sampling time point, showing that there is an interaction between the two pathogens, with P. aeruginosa dominating the co-culture at 48 h. Furthermore, time-independent VOC biomarker combinations were also obtained to predict correct identification of P. aeruginosa and A. fumigatus in mono-culture and in co-culture. This study shows that the VOC combinations in P. aeruginosa and A. fumigatus co-microbial environment are different from those released by these pathogens in mono-culture. Using advanced data analysis techniques such as PLS-DA, time-independent pathogen specific biomarker combinations can be generated that may help to detect mixed respiratory infections in exhaled breath of cystic fibrosis patients.
Septin 9 interacts with kinesin KIF17 and interferes with the mechanism of NMDA receptor cargo binding and transport
Authors: Bai Xiaobo , Karasmanis Eva P. , Spiliotis Elias T.
Published: January 2016

Intracellular transport involves the regulation of microtubule motor interactions with cargo, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Septins are membrane- and microtubule-binding proteins that assemble into filamentous, scaffold-like structures. Septins are implicated in microtubule-dependent transport, but their roles are unknown. Here we describe a novel interaction between KIF17, a kinesin 2 family motor, and septin 9 (SEPT9). We show that SEPT9 associates directly with the C-terminal tail of KIF17 and interacts preferentially with the extended cargo-binding conformation of KIF17. In developing rat hippocampal neurons, SEPT9 partially colocalizes and comigrates with KIF17. We show that SEPT9 interacts with the KIF17 tail domain that associates with mLin-10/Mint1, a cargo adaptor/scaffold protein, which underlies the mechanism of KIF17 binding to the NMDA receptor subunit 2B (NR2B). Significantly, SEPT9 interferes with binding of the PDZ1 domain of mLin-10/Mint1 to KIF17 and thereby down-regulates NR2B transport into the dendrites of hippocampal neurons. Measurements of KIF17 motility in live neurons show that SEPT9 does not affect the microtubule-dependent motility of KIF17. These results provide the first evidence of an interaction between septins and a nonmitotic kinesin and suggest that SEPT9 modulates the interactions of KIF17 with membrane cargo.
Maximal stomatal conductance to water and plasticity in stomatal traits differ between native and invasive introduced lineages of Phragmites australis in North America
Authors: Douhovnikoff V. , Taylor S. H. , Hazelton E. L. G. , Smith C. M. , O'Brien J.
Published: January 2016

The fitness costs of reproduction by clonal growth can include a limited ability to adapt to environmental and temporal heterogeneity. Paradoxically, some facultatively clonal species are not only able to survive, but colonize, thrive and expand in heterogeneous environments. This is likely due to the capacity for acclimation ( sensu stricto ) that compensates for the fitness costs and complements the ecological advantages of clonality. Introduced Phragmites australis demonstrates great phenotypic plasticity in response to temperature, nutrient availability, geographic gradient, water depths, habitat fertility, atmospheric CO 2 , interspecific competition and intraspecific competition for light. However, no in situ comparative subspecies studies have explored the difference in plasticity between the non-invasive native lineage and the highly invasive introduced lineage. Clonality of the native and introduced lineages makes it possible to control for genetic variation, making P. australis a unique system for the comparative study of plasticity. Using previously identified clonal genotypes, we investigated differences in their phenotypic plasticity through measurements of the lengths and densities of stomata on both the abaxial (lower) and adaxial (upper) surfaces of leaves, and synthesized these measurements to estimate impacts on maximum stomatal conductance to water ( g  wmax ). Results demonstrated that at three marsh sites, invasive lineages have consistently greater g  wmax than their native congeners, as a result of greater stomatal densities and smaller stomata. Our analysis also suggests that phenotypic plasticity, determined as within-genotype variation in g  wmax , of the invasive lineage is similar to, or exceeds, that shown by the native lineage.
Consent and anaesthetic risk
Authors: Jenkins Kath
Published: January 2016

This chapter describes the importance of obtaining informed consent for anaesthesia. It covers some ethical points to guide this process. Informed consent requires good knowledge of the risks of anaesthetic practice and their likelihood. The chapter contains a detailed table of perioperative adverse outcomes, linked to real-life examples to aid clarity of communication to the patient. There are detailed suggestions of how to identify the higher-risk patient and estimate their risk of perioperative mortality and morbidity.
Endocrine and metabolic disease
Authors: Blanshard Hannah
Published: January 2016

This chapter describes the anaesthetic management of the patient with endocrine and metabolic disease. Topics covered include diabetes mellitus, thyroid and parathyroid disease, acromegaly, adrenocortical disease, steroid therapy, Cushing’s and Conn’s syndromes, apudoma (including phaeochromocytoma), and abnormalities of sodium and potassium. For each topic, preoperative investigation and optimization, treatment, and anaesthetic management are described. The perioperative management of the diabetic patient is discussed in detail, including insulin and oral hypoglycaemic therapy. Perioperative steroid management is described.
Cardiac surgery
Authors: Evans Rhys
Published: January 2016

This chapter discusses the anaesthetic management of cardiac surgery. It begins with a description of myocardial oxygen supply and demand, risk scoring for cardiac surgery, and cardiopulmonary bypass. Surgical procedures covered include coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (including emergency and redo CABG), aortic valve replacement (including transcatheter aortic valve implantation), mitral valve replacement, thoracic aortic surgery, pulmonary thromboembolectomy, cardioversion, and implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator.
Neurosurgery
Authors: Manara Alex , Shinde Samantha
Published: January 2016

This chapter discusses the anaesthetic management of neurosurgery. It begins with general principles of neurosurgery, including management of intracranial pressure. Surgical procedures covered include craniotomy (including awake craniotomy), insertion of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, evacuation of traumatic intracranial haematoma, pituitary surgery, posterior fossa surgery, and interventional radiology treatment of intracranial vascular lesions (with particular attention to subarachnoid haemorrhage). The management of venous air embolism is described, along with a discussion of the neurological determination of death and organ retrieval from a beating-heart donor.
Orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Griffiths Richard , Leighton Ralph
Published: January 2016

This chapter discusses the anaesthetic management of orthopaedic surgery. It begins with general principles of the anaesthetic management of orthopaedic surgical patients, including the management of fat embolism syndrome, bone cement implantation syndrome, compartment syndrome, and the use of tourniquets. Surgical procedures covered include total hip joint replacement (including revision total hip joint replacement), femoral neck fracture surgery, total knee joint replacement, arthroscopy, cruciate ligament repair, ankle surgery, foot surgery, spinal surgery (including the cervical spine), shoulder surgery (including total shoulder joint replacement), elbow replacement surgery, hand surgery, and trauma, including fractures of limbs or spine.
Anaesthesia for obesity
Authors: Kennedy Nick , Abou-Samra Mark
Published: January 2016

This chapter discusses the anaesthetic management of obesity surgery (bariatric surgery). It begins with an introduction to obesity surgery, risk scoring, indications for when obesity surgery should be offered, a discussion of common co-morbidities, airway considerations, handling and positioning, pharmacology, and thromboprophylaxis. Surgical procedures covered include intragastric balloon insertion and removal, gastric banding, gastric bypass, and sleeve gastrectomy.
Growth factors and uncontrolled proliferation
Authors: Liu Shujuan , Ashour Ahmed Ahmed
Published: January 2016

A mandatory requirement of normal growth and development is the tight spatial and temporal synchronization of cellular proliferation within a specific tissue type and between tissue types that make up an organ, a process that is governed by intrinsic and extrinsic regulatory pathways. For a cell to synchronize its growth with that of other cells it requires a network of proteins that can sense external cues, send internal messages, and produce extracellular messengers that feed back information to neighbouring cells. Growth factors act as cellular messengers to feed back regulatory signals that modulate the cell’s own behaviour (autocrine signals) and that of other adjacent cells (paracrine signals). These proteins regulate a myriad of other cellular activities. In this chapter we discuss how different growth factors relay messages to cells and describe how their deregulation contributes to the development of uncontrolled proliferation and cancer.
Invasion and metastasis
Authors: Mazar Andrew P. , Ugolkov Andrey , Henkin Jack , Ahn Richard W. , O’Halloran Thomas V.
Published: January 2016

Mortality in cancer patients usually occurs as a result of dissemination of their disease, a multi-factorial process called metastasis. This chapter discusses current understanding of how metastasis occurs and the pathways and cellular interactions that contribute to this process. Current views on lymphatic, haematogenous, and direct dissemination of metastatic cells through body cavities are considered, along with the contribution of tumour stromal cells, immune, and infiltrating cells derived from bone marrow, and angiogenesis to the metastatic process. Recent advances in characterizing metastatic niches and the contribution of specific organ sites and microenvironments to metastatic progression are presented, and the identification and characterization of circulating tumour cells and their role in metastasis are considered. Finally, representative molecular pathways as well as a sampling of new drugs in development for the treatment of metastatic disease are presented and referenced.
Smoking and cancer
Authors: Samet Jonathan M.
Published: January 2016

Worldwide, there are more than one billion users of tobacco products, including about 750,000 people who smoke cigarettes regularly. The resulting burden of premature mortality, about six million deaths in 2011, makes tobacco use the world’s leading cause of avoidable premature mortality. Of the six million deaths, an estimated 2.12 million (33%) are from cancer. This chapter provides a perspective on tobacco smoking as a cause of cancer, summarizing the evidence from epidemiological studies and reviewing a now extensive literature. Active smoking causally increases risk for multiple cancer sites. Secondhand smoke inhaled by never smokers has also been causally linked to various cancers, including lung cancer. Tobacco control provides a tremendous opportunity for cancer prevention. For oncologists, emerging evidence points to clinical implications of smoking with regard to therapy and outcomes in cancer. As for all clinical encounters, smoking needs to be assessed routinely and cessation counselled vigorously.
Radiation-induced cancer
Authors: Trott Klaus
Published: January 2016

Radiation-induced cancer first occurred in a radiology technologist over a hundred years This chapter discusses radiation-induced cancer and covers molecular mechanisms of radiation carcinogenesis, cancer mortality and cancer incidence in relation to the Japanese A-bomb survivor lifespan study, Chernobyl, patients treated with radiotherapy for non-cancer diseases, Radon exposure, and second cancers after cancer therapy (including prostate, breast, Hodgkin lymphoma, and paediatric malignancies). Patients infrequently now receive radiotherapy alone. Studies in patients treated as children with chemotherapy plus radiotherapy demonstrate that both treatment modalities increase the risk of secondary malignancy in cured patients. Therefore, the risk of cancer induced by the combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and novel molecular agents need to be closely watched in future.
Medical ethics in oncology
Authors: Singer Eric A.
Published: January 2016

This chapter reviews several fundamental dilemmas in oncology practice. It describes the foundational codes of research ethics that have shaped our current clinical trials system and the moral reasoning used to justify the use of human subjects in early-phase oncology research, placebo-controlled trials, and mandatory research biopsies. The second part of this chapter examines two contemporary problems: oncology drug shortages and the cost of cancer care. The chapter concludes with a section describing additional ethics resources and emphasizes the importance of early ethics consultation to avoid situations that could potentially place patients or research subjects at increased risk of harm.
Quality of life
Authors: Aaronson Neil K. , Fayers Peter M.
Published: January 2016

This chapter provides an introduction to the assessment of the quality of life (QoL) of cancer patients. It considers how QoL is defined and how it can be measured using either generic or cancer-specific QoL questionnaires (e.g., the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy General Questionnaire, and the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) in palliative care). Also described briefly is the use of computer adaptive testing (CAT)). Examples are provided of how QoL can be assessed in the context of clinical oncology research (both observational and evaluative QoL studies) and how QoL assessment can be integrated into daily clinical oncology practice. Special attention is paid to the ways in which QoL data can be interpreted and to establishing the clinical significance of QoL results. Finally, the chapter outlines some of the future directions for QoL research in the oncology setting.
Oesophageal cancer
Authors: Dirix Piet , Haustermans Karin , Cutsem Eric Van , Sagaert Xavier , Deroose Christophe M. , Nafteux Philippe , Prenen Hans , Lerut Toni
Published: January 2016

Worldwide, oesophageal cancer, including cancer of the gastro-oesophageal junction (GEJ), is the sixth leading cause of death from cancer. Despite recent advances, treatment of oesophageal cancer remains challenging and is best approached by an experienced multidisciplinary team. Surgery alone is the treatment of choice in early stage carcinoma although in superficial cancers (T1a) endoscopic resection is to be preferred. In locally advanced tumors induction therapy followed by surgery is the preferred treatment. In selected cases definitive chemoradiotherapy could be considered as a valuable alternative The role of adjuvant chemotherapy is unclear, but could be considered for selected GEJ adenocarcinoma patients. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy should be considered in all patients with advanced disease or positive margins who did not receive neo-adjuvant radiotherapy. For metastatic disease, the goal is to prolong and maximize quality of life. Regarding the palliative treatment of dysphagia, brachytherapy was shown to be more effective than stenting.
Gastric cancer
Authors: Bando Hideaki , Kinoshita Takahiro , Kuboki Yasutoshi , Ohtsu Atsushi , Shitara Kohei
Published: January 2016

This chapter covers gastric cancers, beginning with epidemiology and molecular biology, including the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer, and other genetic and environmental causes. The role of surgical therapy in the treatment of gastric cancer including staging and resection with curative intent is presented. The medical management of gastric cancer is discussed, including adjuvant therapy after curative surgery and systemic treatment for palliation of metastatic disease, taking into account the differing biology and treatments in the East and West. The use of the first biologics in gastric cancer, trastuzumab and ramucirumab, and their mechanisms of action are described. Various modes of palliation of symptoms in patients with advanced gastric cancer include: gastrojejunostomy, endoscopic placement of a self-expandable metallic stent for gastric stenosis or obstruction, and pain control with pain medications and radiotherapy.
Pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Wolf Andrea S. , de Rienzo Assunta , Bueno Raphael , Chirieac Lucian R. , Corson Joseph M. , Baldini Elizabeth H. , Jackman David , Gill Ritu , Weder Walter , Opitz Isabelle , Adams Ann S. , Sugarbaker David J.
Published: January 2016

Occupational and environmental exposure to asbestos is a global health problem; mesothelioma can be traced to the mining and manufacture of asbestos. Moreover, asbestos use continues unabated in many developing regions of the world ensuring that this epidemic will certainly continue for decades beyond current projections. The current multimodality approach to malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is defined as a macroscopic complete resection (MCR) such as extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) or pleurectomy/decortication (P/D), followed or preceded by some form of therapy for micrometastatic control. The latter usually consists of adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation (trimodal therapy), but novel approaches are also being investigated, such as heated intracavitary chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and novel radiation techniques. Concurrent developments in diagnostic procedures, histopathologic characterization of mesothelial cells, and staging have improved patient selection, but more research is needed to extend survival by limiting the micrometastatic spread of tumours.
Ethics
Authors: Packer Ira K. , Grisso Thomas
Published: January 2016

This chapter begins by discussing the categories of ethical issues raised specifically in forensic practice and providing examples of how these issues are addressed by the APA Code of Conduct and the SGFP. It then presents vignettes of ethical conflicts that arise when one is providing forensic psychological services.
A Case of Salicylate Intoxication Complicated by Coagulopathy, Pulmonary Edema, and Pancreatitis
Authors: Ayalon Itay , Alder Matthew Noble , Langner Travis Ryan , Hafberg Einar Thor , Miethke Alexander Gerhard , Kaplan Jennifer Melissa
Published: January 2016

The large availability of salicylic acid products makes them an often encountered source of poisoning in the emergency department. Even though in most cases the prognosis is good, with a low incidence of long-term morbidity and mortality, complications do occur, and some of those can be life threatening. We present an unusual case of salicylate intoxication in an adolescent in which several uncommon complications (severe coagulopathy, pulmonary edema, and pancreatitis) conjoined together. We review the literature and discuss the complications pathogenesis and differential diagnosis. We suggest that these potentially life-threatening complications be acknowledged, investigated, and rapidly treated.
Effect of Perineural Dexamethasone With Bupivacaine in Single Space Paravertebral Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Elective Nephrectomy Cases: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Tomar Gaurav Singh , Ganguly Suprio , Cherian Grace
Published: January 2016

Various analgesic modalities have been tried to prolong the duration and to improve the quality of postoperative analgesia for the early rehabilitation and discharge from hospital after nephrectomy. Using local anaesthetic along with perineural steroids as adjuvant may prove promising for peripheral nerve block, especially paravertebral block (PVB). This article aims to assess the efficacy of dexamethasone with bupivacaine as adjuvant for single bolus injection of thoracic PVB in patients undergoing elective nephrectomy. Sixty patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II were randomly assigned to 2 groups of 30 patients each. Group D patients received 8 mg (2 mL) of dexamethasone mixed to 18 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, whereas patients in group B received 18 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine and 2 mL of 0.9% saline as placebo to make a total volume of 20 mL infiltrated in PVB. Degree of analgesia achieved and duration of analgesia were recorded in each group along with total dose requirement of rescue analgesic and side effects in first 24 hours postoperatively. Group D patients with dexamethasone had VAS score of 0–3 after 09 minutes of block up to 610.48 ± 12.24 minutes and after 16 minutes up to 402.34 ± 28.12 minutes in another group B patient, respectively. The total dose of intravenous fentanyl in the first 24 hours postoperatively in group D was 98.6 ± 14.14 μg as compared with 147.6 ± 18.22 μg in group B. No other significant side effects were noted except for nausea and vomiting in 5 patients of placebo group. Dexamethasone, along with bupivacaine as adjunct for thoracic PVB, helps in improving the quality and enhancing the postoperative analgesia duration in patients undergoing nephrectomy.
The sex-limited effects of mutations in the EGFR and TGF-β signaling pathways on shape and size sexual dimorphism and allometry in theDrosophilawing
Authors: Testa Nicholas D. , Dworkin Ian
Published: January 2016

Much of the morphological diversity in nature-including among sexes within a species-is a direct consequence of variation in size and shape. However, disentangling variation in sexual dimorphism for both shape (SShD), size (SSD) and their relationship with one another remains complex. Understanding how genetic variation influences both size and shape together, and how this in turn influences SSD and SShD is challenging. In this study we utilizeDrosophilawing size and shape as a model system to investigate how mutations influence size and shape as modulated by sex. Previous work has demonstrated that mutations in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Transforming Growth Factor - ß (TGF-ß) signaling components can influence both wing size and shape. In this study we re-analyze this data to specifically address how they impact the relationship between size and shape in a sex-specific manner, in turn altering the pattern of sexual dimorphism. While most mutations influence shape overall, only a subset have a genotypic specific effect that influences SShD. Furthermore, while we observe sex-specific patterns of allometric shape variation, the effects of most mutations on allometry tend to be small. We discuss this within the context of using mutational analysis to understand sexual size and shape dimorphism.
The wiring diagram of a glomerular olfactory system
Authors: Berck Matthew E. , Khandelwal Avinash , Claus Lindsey , Hernandez-Nunez Luis , Si Guangwei , Tabone Christopher J. , Li Feng , Truman James W. , Fetter Richard D. , Louis Matthieu , Samuel Aravinthan D.T. , Cardona Albert
Published: January 2016

The sense of smell enables animals to react to long-distance cues according to learned and innate valences. Here, we have mapped with electron microscopy the complete wiring diagram of theDrosophilalarval antennal lobe, an olfactory neuropil similar to the vertebrate olfactory bulb. We found a canonical circuit with uniglomerular projection neurons (uPNs) relaying gain-controlled ORN activity to the mushroom body and the lateral horn. A second, parallel circuit with multiglomerular projection neurons (mPNs) and hierarchically connected local neurons (LNs) selectively integrates multiple ORN signals already at the first synapse. LN-LN synaptic connections putatively implement a bistable gain control mechanism that either computes odor saliency through panglomerular inhibition, or allows some glomeruli to respond to faint aversive odors in the presence of strong appetitive odors. This complete wiring diagram will support experimental and theoretical studies towards bridging the gap between circuits and behavior.
A critical success model for PPP public housing delivery in Ghana
Authors: Kwofie Titus Ebenezer , Afram Samuel , Botchway Edward
Published: January 2016

Purpose

– The nature and characteristics of critical success factors (CSFs) that influence success on public private partnership (PPP) arrangements on different project typologies vary between countries and regions. Studies confirm the lack of success on PPP approach on public housing project (PHP). The main challenge to PPP-PHP success has been identifying, analysing, categorizing and matching CSFs that are likely to influence the PPP-PHP outcome. The purpose of this paper is to identify the CSFs that influence PPP-PHP delivery in Ghana. This is premised on the theoretical implications that understanding the factors that influence the success on PPP-PHP projects is critical.

Design/methodology/approach

– By adopting a 16 CSFs from literature and using a questionnaire survey, the factors that are critical to success on PPP-PHP approach in Ghana were identified. The questionnaires were administered on participants that have been involved in PPP-PHPs in Ghana.

Findings

– The results revealed six CSFs that are critical towards success on PPP-PHPs in Ghana. The results also do not show significant variability in the agreement by the public and private stakeholder.

Practical/implications

– The findings present useful lessons for parties in PPP-PHPs in Ghana to focus their attention to engender the needed atmosphere towards successful delivery in Ghana in the formulation of policies, decision frameworks and delivery strategies.

Originality/value

– The study presents a critical success model that is applicable to PPP-PHP delivery in Ghana and potentially to other developing countries with similar socio-economic, political and organizational characteristics especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. It also affirms the fact that CSFs are contextual to project typologies and that different project types will reveal CSFs with varying significance in ranking. The findings should help in the development of efficient frameworks and policies for successes on PPP-PHPs in Ghana.
Identifying stakeholders’ involvement that enhances project scope definition completeness in Saudi Arabian public building projects
Authors: Fageha Mohammed K. , Aibinu Ajibade A.
Published: January 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to develop an analytical decision-support model and a procedure that will help project management team to measure project scope definition, for completeness. The procedure is different from previous studies because the measurement of scope definition completeness accounts for differences in stakeholders’ interest and importance on project.

Design/methodology/approach

– Data collection and analysis was based on semi-structured interviews in three steps with a total of 46 respondents. The first step identified stakeholders with an interest in public building projects while the second step identified the scope elements that serve as input to defining the project scope as well as elements that each stakeholder should be involved when measuring project scope definition, for completeness. In the third step, AHP was used to identify and prioritise the contributions required from various stakeholders when measuring scope definition completeness for 42 scope elements.

Findings

– An evaluation framework to measure project scope definition completeness for public building projects in Saudi Arabia based on the input of stakeholders in accordance to their importance weights.

Originality/value

– The prioritised weights of stakeholders’ importance in each element can be used by project managers and decision makers to reduce inefficiency and waste of time in the project scope definition process when evaluating scope definition for completeness.
UK theses and the British Library EThOS service: from supply on demand to repository linking
Authors: Gould Sara
Published: January 2016

Purpose

– This paper aims to describe the transition of EThOS, the British Library’s E-Theses Online service, from its original role as a transactional document supply service to the service seen today where it forms part of the UK’s network of institutional repositories, open access and still-developing research funder mandates.

Design/methodology/approach

– The constituent parts of the EThOS service are described, and an analysis is given of the development of open access repositories, electronic theses and the way that PhD theses have become an important resource for cutting-edge research content for researchers worldwide.

Findings

– The value of doctoral theses for researchers continues to grow and be recognised. Many UK institutions have moved to mandatory open deposit of electronic theses, and many are digitising their older print thesis collections. Public funders are starting to track open deposit of the theses they fund; and research organisations are analysing the full UK metadata collection to understand trends in PhD research areas.
Copac developments and the Copac Collection Management service
Authors: Cousins Shirley , Massam Diana
Published: January 2016

Purpose

– This paper aims to describe major developments at Copac, including changes that facilitate use for interlibrary loan activity, introduce the Copac Collections Management project and look toward future developments in the context of the UK’s National Monograph Strategy. The Copac service gives access to the merged catalogues of 95 UK and Irish national, academic and specialist libraries, and is still growing.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper is a descriptive account.

Findings

– This paper identifies and describes some of the implications of the reengineering of Copac; addresses the role and benefits of the Copac Collections Management project; and looks ahead to forthcoming development areas.

Originality/value

– This paper is a valuable update on the service provided by Copac, as well an overview of the forthcoming Copac Collections Management tools service, and an introduction to future developments within the National Monograph Strategy context.
Interlending and document supply in the NHS: a North West case study
Authors: Glover Steven William , Glover Sarah Louise
Published: January 2016

Purpose

– This paper aims to report on the interlending and document supply activity across the North West of England carried out by health libraries in the National Health Service (NHS). NHS libraries provide a service to NHS staff and students on clinical placement and provide access to the latest published evidence contained in specialist periodicals and textbooks.

Design/methodology/approach

– Data were analysed over an extended period from 1 April 2005 to 31 March 2015. These data are provided annually in the form of a statistical return and are collated regionally. Data were obtained by all library services for both document supply activity and inter-library loans.

Findings

– During the period of the analysis, there has been a significant drop in activity for both document supply and inter-library loans. In 2005/2006, there were 45,147 articles supplied via document delivery networks, this had fallen to 8,642 in 2014/2015. Similarly, in 2005/2006, there were 5,627 inter-library loans supplied, this has also fallen to 3,732 in 2014/2015.

Originality/value

– The observed drop in document supply and inter-library loans across the NHS North West occurred during the time of significant change in how NHS staff and students access the latest evidence. In 2005/2006, many NHS libraries were still investing in print journals and textbooks. Over the past 10 years, there has been a substantial increase in access to consortia purchased online journals in addition to a growth in the availability of open access content.
Determinants of Differential Rent Changes: Mean Reversion versus the Usual Suspects
Authors: Verbrugge Randal , Dorfman Alan , Johnson William , Marsh Fred , Poole Robert , Shoemaker Owen
Published: January 2016

This is a hedonic regression study of the 2001–2004 and 2004–2007 rent growth of 18,000 rental units. Which variables matter: Location? Age? Rent level? Occupancy duration? Structure type? The answers deepen understanding of the rental market and help guide statistical agency practice. We document significant rent stickiness. Initial relative rent level is the best predictor, mainly because of mean reversion. (This problem likely extends well beyond the present study.) “Location” comes in second, though often not statistically significant: the relative value of location is persistent. Age and occupancy duration are also notable. Our findings support statistical agency practices.
Enhanced Bioaccessibility of Curcuminoids in Buttermilk Yogurt in Comparison to Curcuminoids in Aqueous Dispersions
Authors: Fu Shishan , Augustin Mary Ann , Sanguansri Luz , Shen Zhiping , Ng Ken , Ajlouni Said
Published: January 2016

Curcuminoids have low bioavailability due to low aqueous solubility. We compared the bioaccessibility of curcuminoids delivered in buttermilk yogurt to that of curcuminoid powder in an aqueous dispersion. Buttermilk containing added curcuminoids (300 mg/100 g, 0.3% w/w) was used for yogurt manufacture. We measured percentage of curcuminoids remaining in yogurts after manufacture and after exposure to simulated gastrointestinal fluids, and the in vitro bioaccessibility of the curcuminoids. Curcuminoids were stable during yogurt manufacture. At the end of in vitro digestion, approximately 11% of the curcuminoids delivered in yogurt was degraded compared to <1% for curcuminoids in an aqueous dispersion. However, curcuminoids delivered in yogurt was 15‐fold more bioaccessible than curcuminoids in aqueous dispersion. The small change in yogurt properties (decrease in total lactic acid bacteria counts of <1 log and increased viscosity) on addition of curcuminoids has to be balanced against the benefits of increased bioaccessibility of curcuminoids when delivered in yogurts.
Cutaneous collagenous vasculopathy: Report of first Japanese case and review of the literature
Authors: Motegi Sei‐ichiro , Yasuda Masahito , Yamanaka Masayoshi , Amano Hiroo , Ishikawa Osamu
Published: January 2016

Cutaneous collagenous vasculopathy (CCV) is a rare acquired idiopathic microangiopathy characterised by the progressive development of diffuse asymptomatic telangiectasias over the skin. Histologically, the presence of a thick hyaline collagenous wall around the affected capillaries, comprising the accumulation of collagen type IV, is noted. We herein report the case of a 17‐year‐old Japanese boy with symmetrical patches of diffuse telangiectasias on the bilateral extremities that persisted for 10 months. A histological examination revealed dilated capillaries in the papillary dermis surrounded by thick perivascular deposition of hyaline‐like materials, which stained positive for periodic acid‐Schiff and collagen type IV. We additionally performed a review of 26 CCV patients previously reported in the English literature and summarised the clinical and histological features of generalised telangiectatic disorders, such as CCV, generalised essential telangiectasia and hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. To establish an accurate diagnosis, it is important for dermatologists to recognise the clinical and histological characteristics of CCV and the importance of the histological analysis.
Type of Atrial Fibrillation and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Shaul Aviv A. , Kornowski Ran , Bental Tamir , Vaknin‐Assa Hana , Assali Abid , Golovchiner Gregory , Kadmon Ehud , Codner Pablo , Orvin Katia , Strasberg Boris , Barsheshet Alon
Published: January 2016

Background

There are limited data available regarding the relationship between atrial fibrillation (AF) clinical type, oral anticoagulation (OAC) treatment, and clinical outcome after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The study was designed to evaluate this relationship.

Methods

We analyzed data from the Rabin Medical Center TAVR registry, including 319 consecutive patients who underwent TAVR from 2008 to 2014. Patients were divided into three groups based on their history of AF: sinus rhythm (SR), paroxysmal AF (PAF), or nonparoxysmal AF (NPAF).

Results

There were 211 (66%), 56 (18%), and 52 (16%) patients in the SR, PAF, and NPAF groups, respectively. The cumulative risk for stroke or death at 2 years was highest among patients with NPAF (38%), but similarly low in PAF (15%) and SR patients (16%, P < 0.001). By multivariate analysis, patients with NPAF demonstrated a significantly higher risk of stroke or death (HR = 2.76, 95% CI 1.63‐4.66, P < 0.001), as compared with SR. In contrast, patients with PAF had a similar risk of stroke or death compared with SR (HR = 0.80, P = 0.508). Patients with NPAF not treated with OAC demonstrated an 8.3‐fold (P < 0.001) increased risk of stroke or death, whereas patients with PAF not treated with OAC had a similar risk of stroke or death compared with the SR group (HR = 1.25, P = 0.569).

Conclusion

History of NPAF, but not PAF, is associated with a significant increased risk of stroke or death compared with sinus rhythm in patients undergoing TAVR.
Adjusting the QRS Duration by Body Mass Index for Prediction of Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Does One QRS Size Fit All?
Authors: Karaca Oguz , Omaygenc Mehmet O. , Cakal Beytullah , Cakal Sinem D. , Gunes Haci M. , Olgun Erkam , Ibisoglu Ersin , Savur Umeyir , Gokdeniz Tayyar , Boztosun Bilal , Kilicaslan Fethi
Published: January 2016

Background

QRS duration (QRSd) is known to be affected by body weight and length. We tested the hypothesis that adjusting the QRSd by body mass index (BMI) may provide individualization for patient selection and improve prediction of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) response.

Methods

A total of 125 CRT recipients was analyzed to assess functional (≥1 grade reduction in NYHA class) and echocardiographic (≥15% reduction in LVESV) response to CRT at 6 months of implantation. Baseline QRSd was adjusted by BMI to create a QRS index (QRSd/BMI) and tested for prediction of CRT response in comparison to QRSd.

Results

Overall, 81 patients (65%) responded to CRT volumetrically. The mean QRS index was higher in CRT responders compared to nonresponders (6.2 ± 1.1 vs 5.2 ± 0.8 ms.m2/kg, P < 0.001). There was a positive linear correlation between the QRS index and the change in LVESV (r = 0.487, P < 0.001). Patients with a high QRS index (≥5.5 ms.m2/kg, derived from the ROC analysis, AUC = 0.787) compared to those with a prolonged QRSd (≥150 ms, AUC = 0.729) had a greater functional (72% vs 28%, P < 0.001) and echocardiographic (80% vs 44%, P < 0.001) improvement at 6 months. QRS index predicted CRT response at regression analysis.

Conclusions

Indexing the QRSd by BMI improves patient selection for CRT by eliminating the influence of body weight and length on QRSd. QRS index is a novel indicator that provides promising results for prediction of CRT response.
Acrylic/keratin composite of enhanced dyeability towards cationic and anionic dyes
Authors: El‐Gabry Lamiaa , Abou El‐Kheir Amira , Salama Mohamed , Mowafi Salwa , El‐Sayed Hosam
Published: January 2016

Acrylic and keratin industrial wastes were dissolved, each separately, in their respective proper solvents. The soluble keratin was regenerated into powder and then mixed with the soluble acrylic to form an acrylic/keratin composite that was finally cast into film. The topography of the acrylic/keratin film was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The chemical composition of the obtained film was assigned using elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The substantivity of the prepared acrylic/keratin film towards anionic (acid and reactive) and cationic (basic) dyes was studied. The obtained film exhibited high dyeability towards both acid and reactive dyes even at relatively low dyeing temperatures. Hydrazine hydrate was used to enhance the dyeability of the said film with acid and reactive dyes. Kinetic studies of the dyeing of the film with anionic dyes were also conducted.
Applications of natural dye from Ixora coccinea L. in the field of textiles and cosmetics
Authors: Patil Nital N , Datar Ajit G
Published: January 2016

In the present study an attempt has been made to propose the application of natural dye from Ixora coccinea L., commonly known as Jungle geranium, in the field of textiles and cosmetics. Dyeing with I. coccinea colourant with different combinations of mordants resulted in different shades, such as pink, lilac, and grey shades. The dyed samples were tested according to ISO standard test methods. The samples dyed with combinations of stannous chloride/ferrous sulphate and stannous chloride/ammonium ferrous sulphate were found to have good wash, rubbing, and light fastness properties. Moreover, an effort was made to formulate lip balm. The formulation was evaluated for its stability at 25 and 40 °C for 90 days. The colour of the product was assessed by measuring the L*a*b* values. The product offers excellent properties of smoothness, spreadability, and stability at 25 °C.
Considering the Museum Experience of Children with Autism
Authors: Kulik Taylor Kelsey , Fletcher Tina Sue
Published: January 2016

This article reports on a study that was designed to provide insight about the barriers that limit families with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from visiting fine arts museums. Parents (N=54), and staff and volunteers (N=62) at the museum completed a questionnaire about their perceptions of the participation of children with ASD in museum activities. Some significant differences in responses were found between parents and museum staff and volunteers. Parents reported being thankful for the sense of community that Autism Awareness Family Celebrations provide, but were frustrated with reactions from others during typical museum experiences. Museum staff and volunteers expressed that museum participation was important, but responses were split between those who desired to learn more about ASD in order to create an optimal museum experience, and those who preferred not to take on this initiative. Studies such as this help museums become more inclusive.
Improving Museum Docents' Communication Skills
Authors: Meyer Susanna , Veneziano‐Korzec Ann , Larrivee Linda , Stacy Katrina
Published: January 2016

This article presents the results of a study evaluating a program to help museum docents improve accessibility for visitors with communication challenges (such as hearing, language and/or speech disorders). This was done by adapting docent presentations. The docents' speech patterns were evaluated before and after a training program, and showed significant improvements in the rate, duration, and use of pauses in their speech. There also was significant improvement in ensuring that view of their faces remained unobstructed—important for people with communication disorders—in order to facilitate the consistent visibility of their facial expressions and visual cues. The training was found to be effective in adjusting the docents' presentations so that the museum experience would be improved for visitors with communication challenges.
Systematic review of treatments for diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Çakici N. , Fakkel T. M. , van Neck J. W. , Verhagen A. P. , Coert J. H.
Published: January 2016

Aim

To evaluate treatment options for neuropathic pain and sensory symptoms resulting from diabetic peripheral neuropathy of the feet.

Methods

The databases PubMed, Embase and Web‐of‐Science were searched for randomized controlled trials, published in the period from database inception to 2 July 2015, that evaluated treatments for diabetic peripheral neuropathy of the feet with placebo or standard treatment as comparators. Participants in these trials included people with diabetes mellitus and diabetic peripheral neuropathy who were given any treatment for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Risk of bias was assessed using the Delphi list of criteria. Data from the trials were extracted using standardized data extraction sheets by two authors independently. All analyses were performed using RevMan 5.2. In case of clinical homogeneity, statistical pooling was performed using a random effects model.

Results

This review included 27 trials on pharmacological, non‐pharmacological and alternative treatments. In the meta‐analysis of trials of α‐lipoic acid versus placebo, total symptom score was reduced by ‐2.45 (95% CI ‐4.52; ‐0.39) with 600 mg i.v. α‐lipoic acid (three trials), and was reduced by ‐1.95 (95% CI ‐2.89; ‐1.01) with 600 mg oral α‐lipoic acid (two trials). Significant improvements in diabetic peripheral neuropathy symptoms were found with opioids, botulinum toxin A, mexidol, reflexology and Thai foot massage, but not with micronutrients, neurotrophic peptide ORG 2677 and photon stimulation therapy.

Conclusion

In this review, we found that α‐lipoic acid, opioids, botulinum toxin A, mexidol, reflexology and Thai foot massage had significant beneficial results.