bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐38: Comparison of the Odiousness by Various False Colour Motion Blurs in LCDs Caused by Various Factors
Authors: Hisatake Yuzo , Ito Hideki , Obi Masaki , Kawata Yasushi , Murayama Akio
Published: August 2007

We have evaluated the odiousness by various false colour motion blurs in LCDs with respect to each factor to generate the blur. In the case of different colour hue blur, we found that the optimal and allowance levels of odiousness can be expressed by the average of PBET value.
P‐42: A 10 bit Gray Scale Digital‐to‐Analog Converter with an Interpolating Buffer Amplifier for AMLCD Column Drivers
Authors: Lee Hyung‐Min , Son Young‐Suk , Jeon Yong‐Joon , Jeon Jin‐Yong , Lee Geon‐Ho , Jung Seung‐Chul , Cho Gyu‐Hyeong
Published: August 2007

A 10 bit digital‐to‐analog converter (DAC) with an interpolating buffer amplifier is proposed for AMLCD column drivers. The proposed circuit is more effective than a conventional circuit in decreasing the DAC (Pass‐Transistor Logic) area per channel. The average static current per channel is 1.8 μA and the average interpolating error rate in most of the gray range is a sufficiently small rate of 2.5 % (and less than 0.5 % in the mid‐gray range). The uniformity of the channel output is also guaranteed by the proposed error‐reduction technique.
P‐43: A Multi‐Chip Reference Current Generating Circuit for Current‐Mode Column Driver ICs
Authors: Jeon Jin‐Yong , Son Young‐Suk , Jeon Yong‐Joon , Lee Geon‐Ho , Lee Hyung‐Min , Jung Seung‐Chul , Cho Gyu‐Hyeong
Published: August 2007

A reference current generating circuit is proposed for current‐mode displays using plural column driver ICs. The circuit supplies the uniform current with the column drivers. The cascaded circuits use an input reference current, sense it, and independently generate output currents in accordance with the current. The variation of generated output current in the reference current generating circuit of each column driver IC is reduced as compared with the conventional method. The generated output currents in column drivers have 0.1% error to the input reference current.
P‐46: FRC Frame Dispersion Reducing Frame Pattern of MLA Drive System
Authors: Sako Norimitsu , Sasama Hiroshi , Kitayama Hideyuki , Fukasawa Hideaki , Kotaki Kouichi
Published: August 2007

When a same halftone is displayed in all pixels of STN‐LCD panel, undesirable frame pattern is seen in a MLA drive system. It is seen momentarily by some synchronization between shaken panel and display cycle. In other case, it is seen at momentary of change when the display is blinking. We solved these frame patterns by dispersing the frames of turning on and off, and by minimizing a effective voltage difference between pixels.
P‐50: The Impact of Thermal Stress, Mechanical Stress and Environment on Dimensional Reproducibility of Polyester Film During Flexible Electronics Processing
Authors: MacDonald William A. , Eveson Robert , MacKerron Duncan , Adam Raymond , Rollins Keith , Rustin Robert , Looney M. Kieran , Stewart John , Hashimoto Katsuyuki
Published: August 2007

DuPont Teijin Films™ (DTF) have developed engineered substrates specifically for the flexible electronics market. Teonex ®Q65 and Melinex ST506/504 are biaxially oriented crystalline polyesters with the option of planarised surfaces are emerging as competitive materials for the base substrate in OLED displays and active matrix backplanes. Given the demanding dimensional reproducibility requirements in the display applications, it is critical to control the several factors that can influence the film distortion to achieve the ultimate performance that can be achieved with the base substrate. This paper will discuss the impact of thermal stress, mechanical stress and the processing environment on dimensional reproducibility of polyester film and give examples of how this impacts on the film in device manufacture.
P‐53: New TPS Function for Identifying Nano‐Scale Organic Film Phase in Large‐Size AMOLED Deposition Processes using Belt Source Evaporation Techniques
Authors: Hwang Chang Hun , Kim Yongki , Lee Tae Hee , Yu Sin Jae , Kim Sung Su , Kim Te Wan , Ju Sung‐Hoo
Published: August 2007

New TPS(Temperature Programmed Sublimation) technology has been developed in order to deploy to the belt source evaporation for large‐Size AMOLED deposition processes. When the organic film deposit on the metal plate, we have found it has nano‐scale film phase and bulk phase for the first time. The film phase of the Alq3 has 2,000Å for its saturated thickness and 155°C for its sublimation temperature. Also, there are no particles generated during plane source sublimation and TPS function as a powerful tool provides optimum thickness information for the AMOLED deposition processes.
P‐210: Ta‐Doped SnO2 Thin Films for PDP
Authors: Mihara Yu , Satoh Ryohei , Usui Reo , Morinaga Eiji , Iwata Yoshiharu
Published: August 2007

SnO2 is considered to be a promising alternative material for indium tin oxide (ITO), which is used for transparent electrode in Flat Panel Display (FPD) and is facing a serious indium depletion problem. However, there are some problems such as high resistance, difficulty in processing, and low sintered density, which is necessary to sputtering. We investigated Ta‐X doped SnO2. Doping these elements enabled sintered density to rise and its specific resistance to decrease below 1.0×10−2Ω⋅cm after dielectric firing, it is low enough to apply to plasma display panel (PDP). Furthermore, the films which we formed were easy to process by YAG laser. Therefore, it is favorable material for transparent electrode of PDP.
P‐59: Dielectric Constants of Display Optical Components
Authors: Paukshto Michael , Lovetskiy Konstantin , Zhukov Andrey
Published: August 2007

The paper introduces novel software code for evaluation of dielectric tensor of biaxial layer incorporated into multilayer stack. The algorithm utilizes the reflectance and transmttance for several polarization states and angles of incidence in the case of Berreman approach or reflective and transmissive Mueller‐matrixes in the case of extended Jones method. We analyzed some common methods for characterization of LCD components by use of transmissive measurements.
P‐61: Turn‐Type Color 3‐D Display System Using Scanned Arrays of LEDs
Authors: Ito Akinori , Yamaguchi Takuni , Sakamoto Yasutada
Published: August 2007

We have successful developed a 3‐D (three‐dimensional) display system capable of displaying 3‐D images in real space. This 3‐D display system has been upgraded from its previous version described in our last report in term of the number of pixels and the number of display colors.
P‐62: Grating‐Based Optical Film for High‐Efficiency Backlights
Authors: Tokutaro Komatsu , Yasuhiko Awano , Mariko Toyama , Akihiro Yoshida , Shingo Kobayashi
Published: August 2007

LCD backlights have to fulfill somewhat ambivalent requirements: high luminance and uniform emission. Utilizing the characteristics of diffraction gratings, we have developed micro‐patterned optical films which provide both highly collimated emission and good uniformity. The design strategies, optical characteristics and high‐precision patterning of the films are reported.
P‐63: Distinguished Student Poster: Effects of Glass Capacitance on the Performance of External Electrode Fluorescent Lamps
Authors: Shin Myeong‐Ju , Lee Mi‐Ran , Shin Sang‐Cho , Lee Min‐Kyu , Kang Mi‐Jo , Kim Jung‐Hyun , Jeong Jong‐Mun , Choi Eun‐Ha , Cho Guangsup , Kim Sung‐Jung , Kim Sung‐Hae , No Young‐Soo , Lee Young‐Chul , Fechner Joerg , Letz Martin , Song Young‐Shik , Ott Franz
Published: August 2007

The efficiency of EEFLs with the new glass tube of high dielectric constant K∼6.6 and low dielectric loss tan δ, reaches 45 lm/W which is ∼ 20 % higher than 38 lm/W in the conventional glasses of K ∼ 5.5. And this new glass tube EEFL also shows a high reliability against pinholes.
P‐64: Development of High‐efficiency Hg‐free Flat Fluorescent Lamp Through the Computational Experiments
Authors: Lee Seung Min , Seo Young Sik , You Shin Jae , Lee Jae Koo
Published: August 2007

A study was conducted on the dependence of discharge efficiency upon discharge voltage, its spatial distribution, and distribution of electron beam injected in Ne‐Xe mixture discharge lamp through 2‐D fluid simulation and 1‐D particle‐in‐cell simulation combined with a fluid model, respectively. Based on the simple calculation from cross‐section and electron beam energy, the optimum energy of the injected electron beam for high efficient light source is about 14∼16eV in the case of pure Xe. The simulation results also show the similar characteristics to the estimated data in discharge efficiency.
P‐67: Region‐Partitioned LED Backlight Design for Field Sequential Color LCD
Authors: Chien Ming‐Chin , Tien Chung‐Hao , Chen Cho‐Chih , Lu Yen‐Hsing
Published: August 2007

In this paper, a 7‐inch backlight module consisting of ten isolated micro‐structured linear light pipes and two side‐collimating bars was developed with serial full‐color LEDs as light sources for a field‐sequential‐color liquid‐crystal display (FSC‐LCD) system. The collimating lighting system not only yields a narrow angular light distribution, but also effectively diminishes color dependence in the scanning backlight for FSC applications. The crosstalk of the light from each linear light pipe leaking out to the neighboring divisions was measured; meanwhile, the divergent angles of extraction light were well controlled to about ±17° and ±30° at two orthogonal directions respectively.
P‐68: Color‐Sequential TFT‐LCD with SAM (Shared Array Mask) Structure and Color breakup Reduction Schema
Authors: Kuan‐Hung Liu , Jhen‐Shen Liao , Yi‐Nan Chu , Wen‐Tse Tseng , Hong‐Tien Yu
Published: August 2007

In a Color‐Sequential display, the three primary colors — red, green, and blue (RGB) are rendered in a time‐multiplexed fashion. Input frame image is decomposed into RGB sub‐frames, which are displayed sequentially at very short intervals such that the human eye cannot perceive the timing difference and the observer will see the original color of the image. Chunghwa Picture Tubes, LTD. (CPT) has successfully developed the 7 inches Color‐Sequential TFT‐LCD module. The main features of CPT Color‐Sequential display module include 800×480 resolution, TTL digital interface, fast response time with Optically Compensated Bend Type, wider color gamut and high color expression characteristic using LED backlight illuminated by the red, green, and blue accordingly. Furthermore, our Color‐Sequential display module has SAM (Shared Array Mask) structure that the panel circuit layout same as the commercial TFT‐LCD product, where a pixel consists of three sub‐pixels, it only needs to change the module design when applying the SAM structure, the manufacturing prime cost is reduced directly. We also invent the novel driving method with color breakup reduction schema to drive the Color‐Sequential display. The schema we applied is the way to control the width percentage of LED enable signal that the intermediate white color is inserted among the RGB periods to lighten the color breakup defect.
P‐69: A Localized Partition Approach for High‐Dynamic‐Range Display
Authors: Lu Yen‐Hsing , Cheng Yu‐Kuo , Tien Chung‐Hao
Published: August 2007

A mosaic‐form backlight system for high‐dynamic‐range display was introduced. The backlight unit consisting of a side‐emitting LED, a quadratic light guide, and a concentric prism sheet can form an isolated square super‐Gaussian distribution over the local area of liquid crystal panel. By means of our approach, high‐dynamic‐range display system can reduce the time required for processing compensated image signal.
P‐70: Additional Glass Element for Thinner LED Scanning Backlight
Authors: Vermersch Francois‐Julien , Schiavoni Michele , Mulet Jean‐Philippe
Published: August 2007

In order to reduce the thickness of usual LED backlights and to allow scanning mode while maintaining luminance level and uniformity, we propose a novel architecture including an additional element made of textured and coated glass diffuser plate. Total thickness with this new element ranges from 25 to 35 mm.
P‐71: Investigation of Optical Films Ripple Phenomenon in TFT‐LCD Module by Numerical Computing
Authors: Lin Mao‐Hsing , Chen Yung‐Kan , Kuo Wu‐Cheng , Huang Kun‐Feng
Published: August 2007

Mura is an appearance that indicates low contrast and nonuniform brightness in thin‐film transistor liquid‐ crystal display (TFT‐LCD) devices. It is kinds of optical defects, such as ripple, smear, Newton's rings and moiré, etc. This article primarily discusses ripple of optical films by using both experimental and numerical model to help understand how ripple occurs and why ripple seen by inspectors. After performing numerical analysis, we discover the root cause that induces ripple and realize why luminance on film‐wrinkled area is varied, finally conclude the parameters that control physical phenomenon.
P‐72: Light Recycling and Collimation Caused by Fresnel Reflection
Authors: Mi Xiang‐Dong
Published: August 2007

The impact of Fresnel's reflection from a clear optical film, a polarizer, and a reflective polarizer on light recycling in a variety of LCD backlight configurations is investigated. It is found that Fresnel's reflection plays an important role in on‐axis and off‐axis gain, and this reflection results in higher gain at an angle near Brewster's angle in a horizontal plane in the presence of a polarizer with its pass axis in the horizontal plane.
P‐75: Light Weight Backlight Module with Reflective Light Guide
Authors: Wang Hsiao‐Ting , Chen Cheng‐Huan , Chen Chung‐Feng
Published: August 2007

A novel light guide fully composed of reflective plate has been proposed as a light weight solution for backlight module of side edge type. Accompanying with the optical films used in existing backlight module, the uniformity of the prototype with a size of half 14” has shown the feasibility and potential for large screen application.
P‐77: High‐Brightness Optical Film with Improved Cosmetic Appearance
Authors: Lee Junwon , Meissner Stephen C. , Sudol Ronald J.
Published: August 2007

This paper presents an optical film that enhances cosmetic appearance, as well as head‐on brightness, through two‐dimensional, light‐redirecting structures that have variable pitch. The optical film utilizes the analysis of Moiré appearance in spatial frequency space to optimize the arrangement of microstructures to improve the cosmetic appearance of displays. The optical film has an improved light‐collimating microstructure that sends light more effectively from a light guide plate, resulting in higher head‐on brightness. This paper shows the detail of the design procedure, but more importantly, it presents optical measurement results of actual optical film prototypes to confirm performance improvement.
P‐79: Light Leakage Improvement of LCD Module by Numerical Analysis
Authors: Chen Yung‐Kan , Lin Mao‐Hsing , Huang Kun‐Feng
Published: August 2007

In this paper, we discuss the light leakage issue of LCD panel occurred due to sharp temperature gradient and non‐uniform stress distribution. By using numerical analysis and experiments, the relationship between light leakage and temperature gradient has been discovered. Thermal and stress simulations are applied in the analysis of light leakage phenomenon. Besides, we use simulation tools to predict the effectiveness of solutions for reducing the temperature gradient and stress distribution of LCD glass substrates. Finally, light leakage has been improved by using the rear frame with high thermal conductivity to reduce the temperature gradient and stress of the LCD panel.
P‐192: Side‐emitting LED for Direct LED Backlight
Authors: Yang Cheng‐Lin , Chung Shuang‐Chao
Published: August 2007

A side emitting LED for direct LED backlight system is proposed. The lens used for this side emitting LED is simple in shape and really easy to be fabricated. The design rule of the lens and the excellent simulation result of a 32 inch direct backlight system with side emitting red, green and blue LEDs are demonstrated in this paper.
P‐209: Optimization of Discharge Gases for a Mercury‐free Flat Fluorescent Lamp (FFL)
Authors: Lee Sang‐Mok , Chung Kyu‐Yong , Jung Il‐Yong , Sohn Sang‐Ho , Jeong Byoung‐Hyun , Jeong Yun‐Cheol , Kwak Min‐Gi , Park Lee‐Soon
Published: August 2007

We developed a Flat Fluorescent Lamp(FFL) with a high luminance by using the same discharge mode as PDP. Our FFL has a simple and unique structure where the glass substrates are used as dielectric layers. The panel has a striped line shape of 10 inch diagonal size. The Xe‐Ne and Xe‐He, Xe‐Ne‐He mixture gases were used to generate the plasma. The panel showed a maximum luminance 8,610cd/m2 under bias of 20kHz pulse of 2.9kV.
P‐202L: Late‐News Poster: Luminescence and Excitation Properties of Host Lattice and Eu2+ Ions in BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ Phosphor
Authors: Yoshida Hisashi , Toyoshima Hiroaki , Watanabe Shinta , Ogasawara Kazuyoshi , Yamamoto Hajime
Published: August 2007

We have investigated excitation characteristics of Eu2+ ions doped Ba1−xEuxMgAl10O17 (BAM:Eu2+) phosphor by the measurements of vacuum ultraviolet excitation spectra with synchrotron radiation and the first‐principles calculation. The luminescence bands are observed at about 245 and 450 nm, which originate from the host lattice and the Eu2+ ions in BAM:Eu2+, respectively. The excitation spectra monitored at 449‐nm emission band show two main structures peaking at 243 and 310 nm, as well as a significant absorption band at about 200 nm. The absorption edge of the host lattice at 180 nm is almost independent of Eu concentration. Electronic state calculations for different Eu2+ sites indicate the contribution of the mO site to the 200‐nm structure.
P‐88: Study of Discharge for AC‐PDP with Leaned Facing Electrode
Authors: Ok Jung‐Woo , Kim Deok‐Won , Cho Sung‐Yong , Lee Hae‐june , Lee Ho‐Jun , Park Chung‐Hoo
Published: August 2007

We have proposed a leaned facing‐electrode structure of PDP, in which bus electrode is slantly shaped between ridged dielectric layers. In this study, we investigate discharge characteristics for leaned facing‐electrode PDP, which are summarized by low discharge current, high luminance, and luminous efficacy than those of co‐planar electrode structure.
P‐89: Discharge Characteristics of PDPs Having Split Scan Electrodes
Authors: Jang Jin‐Ho , Lee Ji‐Hoon , Choi Joon‐young , Lee Hae June , Lee Ho‐Jun , Park Chung‐Hoo
Published: August 2007

We have proposed a plasma display panel having split scan (common) electrodes. The proposed structure have two different driving schemes namely asymmetric and long‐gap mode. for the asymmetric modes, auxiliary electrode located nearly center of the primary electrodes is connected to scan or common electrode during all period of reset, address and sustain. On the other hand for the long gap mode, auxiliary electrode is electrically disconnected or maintained at dc value of Vs/2 during sustain period except first several pulses. The proposed structure and driving method can provide higher efficacy without driving margin degradation. In this study, we investigated discharge characteristics of asymmetric driving mode of split scan (common) electrodes.
P‐90: Large Scale Arrays of Microcavity Plasma Devices Based on Encapsulated Al/Al2O3 Electrodes: Device Characteristics as a Plasma Display Pixel and Low Cost Wet Chemical Fabrication Processing
Authors: Park S.‐J. , Kim K. S. , Price A. J. , Tchertchian P. A. , Chen P.‐Y. , Yoon J. K. , Eden J. G.
Published: August 2007

Addressable, large scale arrays of microcavity plasma devices have been fabricated by wet chemical processes. Dielectric encapsulated aluminum microcavity electrodes having cavities with a diameter of 100–200 μm are formed by wet electrochemical process suitable for low cost manufacturing. This presentation reports device structure and cell designs for high pressure Xe microplasmas.
P‐91: A Study on Discharge Characteristics of Face‐to‐Face and Coplanar Sustain Electrode Structures in 42‐inch Full HD Grade AC PDPs
Authors: Kim Bo‐Sung , Tae Heung‐Sik , Cho Tae. S. , Choi Young. D. , Kim Jung. N. , Lee Kwangsik , Terao Yoshitaka , Miyama Takashi , Yamada Yukika
Published: August 2007

The discharge characteristics of the face‐to‐face and coplanar sustain electrode structures in 42″ full‐HD grade test panel were investigated. The UV conversion efficiency (plasma efficiency) was calculated by the visible emission of 585 nm from the Ne and infrared emission of 823 and 828 nm from Xe in the two different face‐to‐face and coplanar 6‐inch test panels by using the digital photo meter (PR‐920) and the spectrometer (diode array rapid analyzer system). The luminance efficiency of the face‐to‐face and coplanar sustain electrode structure were measured at a 4 % Xe content and a pressure of 450 Torr, and driving frequencies of 100 kHz with a duty ratio of 40 %, respectively. As a result, the UV conversion efficiency (plasma efficiency) of the face‐to‐face sustain electrode structure was improved by about 1.64 to 1.84 times than the coplanar structure and the luminance efficiency of the face‐to‐face structure was improved by about 2.03 times than the coplanar structure in the 42″ full‐HD grade AC‐PDPs.
P‐95: Distortion of Sustain Waveform Relative to Displayed Area and Its Compensation for Stable Address Discharge in AC‐Plasma Display Panel
Authors: Lim Jae Kwang , Choi Byung‐Tae , Tae Heung‐Sik , Hur Min , Park Soo‐Ho , Yoo Minsun , Lee Kwang‐Sik
Published: August 2007

The sustain waveforms are distorted relative to the displayed area. The distorted sustain waveform, especially the last X sustain waveform causes the address time to be delayed. Accordingly, to produce a stable address discharge irrespective of the displayed area, the sustain waveform, especially the last X sustain waveform prior to the selective reset waveform, is compensated by making its rising slope faster in proportion to the displayed area by means of controlling the timing sequence of the energy recovery circuit (ERC) circuit. As a result, the compensated sustain waveform enables the address delayed time to be saturated irrespective of the displayed area.
P‐99: Field‐Emission Properties of Screen‐Printed CNT Film Morphology by Liquid‐Phase Method
Authors: Lee Yang Doo , Cho Woo‐Sung , Lee Sang‐Geun , Lee Yun‐Hi , Ju Byeong‐Kwon
Published: August 2007

The film morphology of screen‐printed carbon nanotube emitters was modified by using the liquid phase method, which used ethanol. This liquid treatment modified the surface morphology of the cathode because the organic binder is soluble in ethanol and it removed organic binder from the film. The field emission image uniformity and emission current density were improved without a heat treatment. This technique has showed that the ethanol treatment without the heat treatment provided an ease way to enhanced field emission by surface treatment.
P‐100: Field‐Emission Properties of Photosensitive Carbon Nanotube Using Ethanol
Authors: Cho Woo‐Sung , Lee Yang Doo , Ju Byeong‐Kwon , Kim Jai‐Kyeong , Park Jeung Hoon , Yoo Jae‐Eun , Park Jung‐Ho
Published: August 2007

To investigate emission properties of the photosensitive carbon nanotube emitters using ethanol as developer, a photosensitive carbon nanotube paste was formulated. for patterning of carbon nanotube paste, backside exposure and development process were carried out after screen printing and drying process. Ethanol is not only formed pattern but also removed organic vehicles in the photosensitive carbon nanotube film. The emission properties of patterned carbon nanotube film with and without firing were evaluated.
P‐101: Nanogap Fabrication on Palladium Electrodes for Field Emission Display Applications
Authors: Tsai Chih‐Hao , Chen Kuan‐Jung , Pan Fu‐Ming , Lo Hsiang‐Yu , Li Yiming , Liu Mei , Mo Chi‐Neng
Published: August 2007

We have used focused ion beam (FIB) to produce nanogaps on palladium thin film line electrodes. The two facing cross‐sections of the as‐prepared nanogap were smooth and exhibited a large turn‐on voltage for electron field emission depending on the separation of the gap. Hydrogen plasma treatment was used to increase the edge roughness of the nanogap, and thereby dramatically improve the field emission characteristics. for a gap with a separation of 90 nm, the turn‐on voltage reduced to 50 V from 175 V after the hydrogen plasma treatment.
P‐102: Three‐Dimensional Simulation of Novel Surface Conduction Electron‐Emitters
Authors: Lo Hsiang‐Yu , Li Yiming , Chao Hsueh‐Yung , Tsai Chih‐Hao , Pan Fu‐Ming , Kuo Ting‐Chen , Liu Mai , Mo Chi‐Neng
Published: August 2007

We for the first time explore a novel structure of Pd thin‐film emitter fabricated on the substrate with various gaps ranging from 30 nm to 90 nm. with the 3D electromagnetic particle‐in‐cell (PIC) simulation, we study the conducting mechanism and driving current for the new device with one palladium field emission emitter. Compared with the experimental data, our calibrated simulation predicts a high emission efficiency of the investigated device structure. It is found that the turn‐on voltage is about 50V and a very high electron emission current of 0.1 mA is estimated at the anode voltage of 80 V for one emitter. The novel structure of surface conduction electron‐emitter (SCE) has the advantages of the simple fabrication and the high emission efficiency. Based upon the numerical procedure, we are currently investigating the emission efficiency for more advanced structures of SCE.
P‐103: Anodic‐Aluminum‐Oxide Templated Carbon Nanotubes in the Field Emission Triode
Authors: Lin Chen‐Chun , Chang Kai‐Chun , Pan Fu‐Ming , Kuo Cheng‐Tzu , Liu Mei , Mo Chi‐Neng
Published: August 2007

To fabricate the field‐emission triode structure, carbon nanotubes (CNT) were used as field emitters and grown in the anodic aluminum oxide (AAO). AAO thin layer with vertical pore channels was first prepared on the Si (100) substrate and was used to template the following growth of CNTs in an electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition (ECR‐CVD) system. The tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) oxide and Al layer were deposited on the CNTs and acted as the dielectric layer and gate electrode layers for the triode structure, respectively. Reactive ion and wet etches were then used to open the field‐emission area in the triode. Field‐emission characteristics of the CNT emitters have been studied and an anode turn‐on field of ∼ 8.05 V/μm was measured.
P‐105: Improvement of 2+2 Dynamic Drive Schemes for Cholesteric Displays
Authors: Rybalochka Andriy , Sorokin Viktor
Published: August 2007

We have demonstrated the waveform composition method for 2+2 dynamic drive schemes for bistable cholesteric displays with increased addressing speed. The special method of addition of segments into each selection stage makes it possible to increase the addressing speed on 30−35 percent in comparison with the standard 2+2 dynamic drive schemes. Influence of the number of additional segments on the ratio of the peak voltage to effective voltages during different addressing stages and on the frequency of driving pulses has been analyzed. Possibilities of gray scale implementation with proposed improvement have also been discussed.
P‐106: Single‐Layer Multicolor Reflective Cholesteric Displays
Authors: Lu Shin‐Ying , Golovin Andrii , Chien Liang‐Chy
Published: August 2007

We developed electrically switchable color reflective cholesteric displays based on polymer‐stabilized, short‐pitched cholesteric liquid crystals using electro‐optical cells with planar alignment. The devices enable the switching of a pre‐selected reflective wavelength of the cholesteric to reflect a different wavelength corresponding to the magnitude of applied electric field. The principle of the wavelength shift to a shorter wavelength is a result of field‐induced pitch shortening near the boundaries. It is shown that the polymer stabilized cholesteric cell has an asymmetric structure. One side of the cell reflects a certain wavelength which is tunable with electric field while the other side scatters light. The spectral wavelength shift of the reflected wavelength is about 150nm and the wavelength shift is linearly proportional to the magnitude of applied electric field.
P‐109: Fast Response Reflective NBB Display and its Application to LCOS
Authors: Tan Li , Yeung Fion S.‐Y. , Ho Leo T.‐K. , Li Yuet‐Wing , Li Kuen‐Kuen , Kwok Hoi‐Sing
Published: August 2007

A reflective LCD using high pretilt angle No‐Bias‐Bend (NBB) mode is designed. The pretilt angle and cell gap is optimized for high reflectivity display, at low driving voltage. The contrast ratio is improved by film compensation. Nano‐structured alignment surface is utilized for preparing high pretilt angles. The experimental result shows a high reflectivity and fast response time around 0.7ms, which makes it possible for the use of color‐filter‐less microdisplay.
P‐114: Effect of the Surface Alignment Layer on Analog Switching of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals
Authors: O'Callaghan Michael J. , Reznikov Mitya , Bos Philip J.
Published: August 2007

We investigated the effect of the surface alignment layer on the analog switching properties of ferroelectric liquid crystals. Using a liquid crystal that does not exhibit a nematic phase allowed us to obtain alignment of the smectic layers independent of the surface alignment layer used. This allowed to test various alignment layers that have not been tested before, and to demonstrate improved performance.
P‐115: Novel PSV‐FLCDs with High Response Speed, High Optical Throughput, and High Contrast Ratio with Small Voltage Shift by Temperature: Application to Field Sequential Full Color LCDs
Authors: Fujisawa Toru , Hayashi Masanao , Hasebe Hiroshi , Takeuchi Kiyofumi , Takatsu Haruyoshi , Kobayashi Shunsuke
Published: August 2007

By doping newly synthesized photo‐curable monomers into FLC media and performing an appropriate photo‐curing, we succeeded in fabricating novel Polymer‐stabilized FLCDs exhibiting V shaped switching (PSV‐FLCDs) with τ=100 μs to 200 μs and with a free from the temperature dependence of operating voltage within 3mV/°C in the range from −5°C to 50°C. We also demonstrate a field sequential full color LCD with 4 inch diagonal and 254ppi that is capable of displaying moving images without blurring and break.
P‐116: Up‐grading of LCD Panels with Novel Pressure Sensitive Adhesives
Authors: Nagamoto Koichi , Kusama Kentaro , Sano Toru , Seno Hideo
Published: August 2007

This paper describes pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) suitable for fabricating high‐performance LCD panels, which consist of such optical films as polarizer and compensation films. When the optical film was laminated onto the glass cell with PSAs of high storage modulus, the light‐leakage of the panel was much improved.
P‐120: Tight Bonding of Two Plastic Substrates for Flexible LCDs
Authors: Jang Se‐Jin , Kim Jun‐Hyung , Bae Ji‐Hong , Choi Yoonseuk , Kim Hak‐Rin , Kim Sang Il , Shin Seongsik , Kim Jae‐Hoon
Published: August 2007

We developed a novel technique to maintain a constant cell gap of the flexible LCD under various external distortions. The two flexible substrates were assembled tightly by the UV curable polymer placed on top of rigid pillar spacer array. In this technique, we designed the columnar micro‐structure to lead the self‐collected construct of adhesive polymer which promotes the good adhesion and high mechanical stability against the external deformations.
P‐121: Direct Formation of Polymer Walls by Wettability Patterning for Flexible Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Hong Jong‐Ho , Kim Yeun‐Tae , Lee Sin‐Doo
Published: August 2007

We report on a flexible liquid crystal display (LCD) fabricated using self‐aligned microstructures of the photopolymer/spacer composite material through a wettability patterning process. The microstructures confined on the patterned alignment layer provide spacers for the uniform cell gap as well as the mechanical stability. No structural change of the substrates was observed during the fabrication process. Our flexible LCD provides good flexibility, durability, and excellent electro‐optic performances. This method can be applicable to the fabrication of large plastic LCDs using a roll‐to‐roll process.
P‐126: Advanced Image‐Processing Method for Hybrid Color LCDs
Authors: Asao Yasufumi
Published: August 2007

The hybrid color LCD (HC‐LCD) mode, which we have proposed in the previous papers, can display the RGB three primary colors using only two kinds of sub‐pixels of green (G) and magenta (M). We have also proposed the spatial dither method customized for the HC‐LCD, which utilizes plural pixels and their color mixing of both binary red (or blue) color and magenta color with analog grayscale. However, this dither method substantially degrades the display resolution in displaying the intermediate colors according to the size of the dither matrix. This paper shows the advanced image‐processing method using two pixels and their continuous hue changes in the magenta sub‐pixel, that we have not fully utilized so far. The degradation of the display resolution can be reduced by this method and image quality can be dramatically improved especially in the photograph of human face or skin.
P‐127: Synthesis and Mesomorphic Properties of Bent‐Core Mesogens with Isomeric Naphthylene Central Units
Authors: Choi E‐Joon , Cui Xin , Zin Wang‐Choel , Ok Chang‐Woo , Kim Young‐Chul , Paek Sang‐Hyon
Published: August 2007

New bent‐core mesogens that possess only ester linking groups between the aromatic rings and 1,6‐, 1,7‐, 2,3‐ or 2,7‐naphthylene unit as a central aromatic ring were synthesized. A remarkable finding is that the bent‐core ester mesogens with unsymmetrical or highly bent central unit can form banana‐phase in a wide temperature range. The compounds with 1,6‐ and 2,3‐naphthylene units showed an antiferroelectric switchable smectic phase, which has been designated a B2 phase. While compounds with 2,7‐naphthylene unit was known to form B2 phase, the compound with 1,7‐naphthylene unit failed to form the mesophase in the melt.
P‐129: Rejuvenated Photoalignment of Liquid Crystal on Cinnamoil‐Containing Polymers
Authors: Buluy Oleksandr , Kurioz Yuriy , Ouskova Elena , Reznikov Yuriy , Gerus Igor , Ha KiRyong , Kwon SoonBum , Nobili Maurizio , Park Seo‐Kyu
Published: August 2007

We report on easy orientation axis alternation in new photoaligning polymers (PG materials) based on cellulose backbone containing photosensitive cinnamoil groups. Materials have strong application potential due to high aligning quality and photosensitivity, strong anchoring energy, small sticking effect. Rejuvenation of polymer after UV‐irradiation makes PG attractive for various applications.
P‐130: Plasma Beam Alignment of Reactive Mesogenes
Authors: Yaroshchuk Oleg , Kravchuk Ruslan , Parri Owain
Published: August 2007

We demonstrate that plasma beam processing of the alignment substrates, earlier recognized as an effective tool of liquid crystal alignment, provides excellent alignment of reactive mesogenes (RMs). for this processing we utilized anode layers source generating two sheet‐like beams of accelerated plasma allowing to treat large‐area substrates by sample movement across the plasma “sheets”. The oblique treatment by plasma beam results in planar or oblique alignment of planar RMs (p‐RMs) and homeotropic alignment of homeotropic RMs (h‐RMs). The homeotropic alignment of h‐RMs can also be achieved by normal processing with plasma beam or processing by diffuse (non‐directed) plasma. Good alignment effect is observed for a big variety of organic and inorganic materials. The widely used in LCD technology glass, silicon and plastic substrates processed by plasma beam also demonstrate excellent RM alignment that excludes necessity to use additional alignment layers. Besides, in the case of flexible plastic substrates, roll‐to‐roll alignment treatment can be realized. Thus the developed method is an advance in technology of optical films based on RMs.
P‐131: Three‐Dimensional Modeling of Liquid Crystal Pixels
Authors: Wood William A. , Button Leslie J. , Hoysan Steven F.
Published: August 2007

In this paper an approach to modeling the optics of liquid crystal (LC) pixels or sub‐pixels in a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel in three dimensions is described. A commercial finite element modeling package (ANSYS) was chosen as the primary platform for this solving the director electrostatics problem. Within ANSYS, the pixel geometry and electrical boundary conditions can be defined and the electrostatic field and the LC orientation subsequently determined. The algorithm crucially depends on a scaling of the LC material properties to lower the aspect ratio of the problem. This information is then used to calculate optical transmission through the pixel using a ray tracing algorithm.
P‐133: A Novel Portable LCD with New AFFS (AFFS+) Technology for High Transmittance and Superior Sunlight Readability
Authors: Choi Suk , Park Jun Baek , Jeon Tae Hyun , Jang Soon Ju , Park Kwang Hyun
Published: August 2007

In this paper, we have developed novel pixel design of advanced fringe field switching (AFFS) mode with high transmittance and high reflectance for superior sunlight readability. These properties are achieved by high aperture pixel design and by reflective areas of metal embossing pattern on the gate area as well as data bus line with BM‐less of color filter on the data bus line. We also achieved low surface reflectance with anti‐reflective (AR) polarizer and high transmittance with DBEF polarizer. In this paper, we will show panel characteristics of 10.4‐inch XGA tablet with improved indoor and outdoor images.
P‐134: New Optical Configuration of Transflective LCD for the Low Voltage (2.5V) Driving
Authors: Lim Jae‐Ik , Park Wang‐Sang , Ann Sun‐Hong , Kim Chi‐Woo , Yi Junsin
Published: August 2007

We have developed an ultra low voltage driving transflective liquid crystal display without high dielectric liquid crystal material, We used a new LC mode configuration. By adjusting cell gap, retardation, film angle (polarizer, retarder), We have achieved 2.5 voltage driving for LC dynamic movement. and hence, The power consumption for LC Driving (analog power) has been reduced by 50%.
P‐139: New Multi‐Domain Vertical Alignment LCD with High Contrast Ratio
Authors: Lu Ying‐Chi , Cheng Ching‐Sheng , Hu Chih‐Jen , Chang Chih‐Ming , Gan Feng‐Yuan
Published: August 2007

We invented and successfully fabricated a new multi‐domain vertically alignment (MVA) LCD with high contrast ratio performance. This new MVA structure can realize a stable alignment with protrusion free by fabricating “concave” structure on color filter side substrate with simple process. The concave structure uses the fringe field in each pixel to control the tilt directions and create an MVA LCD.
P‐140: Optical Compensation of a High Transmittance MVA‐LCD by using Uniaxial Quarter Plates
Authors: Lin Chi‐Huang
Published: August 2007

A compensation method that uses uniaxial films is developed for widening the viewing angle of the high transmittance multidomain vertical‐alignment liquid crystal display (MVA‐LCD). Based on this design, the high‐transmittance MVA‐LCD has a complete 80° viewing cone for CR> 100:1. Potential application as a mobile display is emphasized.
P‐141: Pretilt Angle Effects on Liquid Crystal Response Time
Authors: Nie Xiangyi , Xianyu Haiqing , Lu Ruibo , Wu Thomas X. , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: August 2007

Analytical expressions for correlating LC response time with pretilt angle are derived. The theoretical analysis is consistent with experimental results using vertically‐aligned LC cells. This study improves the understanding of liquid crystal dynamic process which is helpful for optimizing liquid crystal response time.
P‐142: Multi‐Domain Alignment Technology by Ink‐Jet Printing
Authors: Su Pei‐Ju , Sha Yi‐An , Hsieh Cheng‐Hsi , Chang Ku‐Hsien , Shiu Jyh‐Wen , Lee Kuo‐Chang , Hsiao Chih‐Chun , Cheng Wei‐Yuan , Liao Yuan‐Chang , Yang Jen‐Chieh , Lo Kuo‐Lung , Lee Da‐Wei , Chang Yu‐Pei
Published: August 2007

This study developed an ink‐jet printing method capable of producing multi‐domain alignment liquid crystal displays. Based on the drop‐on‐demand characteristics of ink jet printing, the ink's location in different alignment manners could be defined in one pixel. This paper describes two practical applications. The first involves integrating the hybrid aligned zone with the homeotropic aligned area in one pixel to create a multi‐domain alignment when the voltage is applied. This proposed method achieved a wide viewing angle. The second, similar approach using ink jet printing was performed on a single‐cell‐gap transflective liquid crystal display. A 2.4‐in 170‐ppi prototype demonstrates mass‐production feasibility.
P‐145: A Systematic Optimization of Normal‐White STN‐LCDs
Authors: Hurley Shawn , Yang Deng‐Ke , Shi Jianru , Mullin Chris
Published: August 2007

We report a systematic study to optimize the performance of a normal‐white STN liquid crystal display. We first experimentally characterized the liquid crystal to determine the material parameters. for a cell with a given cell thickness and driving voltage we used computer simulations to determine the polarizer and analyzer angles which optimized the contrast ratio. We then studied the contrast ratio as a function of cell thickness and drive voltage. We also used a compensation film to improve the performance of the STN LCD. Using the theoretical results as guidance, we built STN LCDs and characterized their performances and compared the experimental results with the theoretical results.
P‐146: π‐twist Cell by Pixel‐isolation Polymer Walls Without Chiral Dopants
Authors: Lee Seong Ryong , Shin Jong‐Ha , Baek Jong‐In , Oh Min‐Cheol , Yoon Tae‐Hoon , Kim Jae Chang
Published: August 2007

We fabricated a nematic liquid crystal(NLC) cell which has initially π‐twist state stabilized by pixel‐isolation walls without any chiral dopant. The pixel‐isolation walls are formed by phase separation between liquid crystal molecules and fluorinated polymer material under the condition of a vertical electric field. In comparison with a conventional pi cell, the initially π‐twisted NLC cell needs no nucleus for the transition from splay to bend state and exhibits reduced driving voltage. Also, the cell has fast response properties similar to the conventional pi cell.
P‐147: Novel Electrode Structure in the Super‐IPS LC Cell for High‐Aperture Ratio
Authors: Yang Jin‐Seok , Choi Seong‐Wook , Kim Kyung‐Mi , Lee Wa‐Ryong , Son Jung‐Hee , Lee Joun‐Ho , Ko Tae‐Woon , Choi Hyun‐Chul , Lee Gi‐Dong
Published: August 2007

In this paper, we propose a novel electrode structure, which exhibits high‐aperture ratio, in the super in‐plane switching (SIPS) liquid crystal (LC) cell for high transmittance. Generally, the transmittance of the S‐IPS LC cell is not superior to other LC mode using the multi domain effect because of the low aperture ratio. To improve the aperture ratio of the S‐IPS cell, we found the method to minimize the black matrix (BM) area by applying the novel electrode structure which can move the disclination from the active area. As a result, we found that the proposed electrode structure could provide higher aperture ratio than that of the conventional type by reducing the BM area, so that we could achieve the high transmittance compared to the conventional structure. We used the commercial software “TechWiz LCD” for calculation of the director configuration, which applies Q‐tensor method.
P‐152: Efficient Blue Phosphorescent OLEDs Employing Novel Oligocarbazoles as High‐Triplet‐Energy Host Materials
Authors: Tsai Ming‐Han , Hong Yun‐Hua , Chang Chih‐Hao , Su Hai‐Ching , Wu Chung‐Chih , Matoliukstyte Ausra , Simokaitiene Jurate , Grigalevicius Saulius , Grazulevicius Juozas V. , Hsu Chao‐Ping
Published: August 2007

A series of 3(6),9′‐linked oligocarbazoles with large triplet energies and morphological stability are reported as host materials for electrophosphorescence. In such oligocarbazoles, the triplet excitation is confined within one carbazole unit, leading to a new molecular design strategy for large‐triplet‐energy and high morphological stability hosts. Using these hosts, efficient blue phosphorescent OLEDs having efficiencies up to 15%, 31 cd/A and 28 lm/W are demonstrated.
P‐153: Internal Electric Field Study for Green Phosphorescent Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes with Crosslinked Interlayers
Authors: Jin Rui , deMello John C. , Bradley Donal D. C. , Gather Malte , Meerholz Klaus
Published: August 2007

We present electroabsorption spectroscopy to measure the internal electric field in green phosphorescent polymer light‐emitting‐diodes with crosslinked interlayer between PEDOT:PSS and emissive layer. The phenomenon of trapped electrons screening the bulk semiconductor from the external field can explain the efficiency improvement by adding a 5–30 nm MUPD film near the anode.
P‐155: Ambient Contrast for OLED Displays
Authors: Cok Ronald S. , Arnold Andrew D.
Published: August 2007

OLED devices typically include a back electrode that reflects both emitted and incident ambient light. The reflected ambient light reduces the contrast ratio of OLED displays, reducing the visibility and image quality of the display. A variety of techniques for improving OLED ambient contrast are described and measurements of their effectiveness are discussed together with any impact on other OLED performance characteristics.
P‐158: Highly Efficient Exciplex Emitting White OLED based on Complementary Emitters
Authors: Kim Young Min , Park Young Wook , Huh Jin Woo , Choi Jin Hwan , Ju Byeong Kwon , Jung Jae Hoon , Kim Jai Kyeong
Published: August 2007

We demonstrate white organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) by exciplex formation at organic solid‐state interface between a charge transport layer and an emitting layer. White OLEDs have complementary emitters with an emission peak of 400 nm around the near‐ultraviolet, and an emission peak of 580 producing a yellow color. The EL spectra of the white OLEDs have shown a covering through visual range from 400 to 780 nm. The CIE coordinate of the emitted light was (0.34, 0.34) with low driving current density (8.6 mA/cm2) and high efficiency (12 cd/A, 2 lm/W) at 1 000 cd/m2.
P‐159: Efficient Red Electroluminescent Devices Based on Inter‐Ligand Energy Transfer of Heteroleptic Tris‐Cyclometalated Iridium Complexes
Authors: Seo Ji Hyun , Park Gui Yun , Kim Young Sik , Kim Young Kwan , Kim You Hyun , Kim Woo Young
Published: August 2007

Red heteroleptic tris‐cyclometalated iridium complex, Ir(ppy)2(dpq‐3‐F), have been characterized. When Ir(ppy)2(dpq‐3‐F) is placed in the excited state, the excitation energy is quickly intramolecular transferred from two ppy to one luminescent dpq‐3‐F. Thus, Ir(ppy)2(dpq‐3‐F) shows emission at 620nm from dpq‐3‐F. The device with Ir(ppy)2(dpq‐3‐F) showed superior electrical characteristics by decreasing self‐quenching.
P‐162: Recycling Surface Plasmon Polaritons of OLED for Tunable Double Emission and Efficiency Enhancement
Authors: Tien Kun‐Cheng , Wu Chung‐Chih
Published: August 2007

By thinning the metal electrode, the SPP modes of OLEDs can be coupled to the outside surface of the device, where they can be recycled for external emission by simply capping the device with an appropriate absorbing/re‐emission medium. A modest efficiency enhancement has been observed. In addition, such an approach provides double‐emitting OLEDs with a wide‐range color tuning capability, which may be of use for some applications.
P‐163: Polymer Electrode and Micro‐patterning using PEDOT and its Organic Display Applications
Authors: Kim Jin‐Yeol , Kwon Min‐Hee , Kim Jae‐Taek , Lee Jung‐Hyun , Kim Tae‐Wook , Kwon Sijoong
Published: August 2007

The conductive ultrathin films of poly (3, 4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) prepared by using depositing polymerization are prepared in gas‐phase. The selective growth of polymer nanofilms can also be easily prepared by deposition of self‐assembled PEDOT layers on patterned oxidant layers formed using a micro contact printing method. These conductive nano‐films have a high transparency up to 80%, possess a very low sheet resistance down to 100 Ω/square. Using this new procedure, 1μm pitched pattern can also easily realize and these are capable of being applied to organic opto‐electronic films used in electrical devices such as the EL and touch screen.