bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DeLuxing: Deep Lagrangian Underestimate Fixing for Column-Generation-Based Exact Methods
Authors: Yang Yu
Published: November 2024

Advancing Column Generation by a Novel Variable Fixing Method

In the paper titled “DeLuxing: Deep Lagrangian Underestimate Fixing for Column-Generation-Based Exact Methods,” Dr. Yu Yang introduces DeLuxing—an innovative variable-fixing technique that significantly advances column-generation-based exact methods for solving large-scale optimization problems, particularly vehicle routing problems (VRPs). DeLuxing leverages a novel linear programming formulation with a small subset of the enumerated variables, which is theoretically guaranteed to yield qualified dual solutions for computing Lagrangian underestimates. By eliminating over 75% of the unnecessary variables, DeLuxing drastically boosts computational efficiency, doubling the size of CMTVRPTW (capacitated multitrip vehicle routing problem with time windows) instances that can be solved optimally. Additionally, this breakthrough accelerates top VRP solvers like RouteOpt by up to 71%. The core concept underpinning DeLuxing extends to broader contexts such as variable type relaxation and cutting plane addition, achieving an additional 25% speedup for difficult instances.
Os Desafios Da Recuperação Judicial Do Produtor Rural
Authors: Furlan Alessandra Cristina
Published: November 2024

O tema do artigo é a recuperação judicial do produtor rural. A aprovação da Lei no 14.112/2020 trouxe a possibilidade do produtor rural pessoa física requerer a recuperação judicial, desde que inscrito na Junta Comercial e comprovado o exercício da atividade por prazo superior a dois anos, conforme documentação contábil-fiscal. Outras modificações na Lei de Recuperação de Empresas e Falência também fazem referência direta ao setor agropecuário, como o art. 70-A, que permite a apresentação do plano especial de recuperação judicial pelos empresários rurais. No entanto, a exclusão de determinados créditos do procedimento recuperacional pode comprometer a reestruturação econômico-financeira de agricultores e pecuaristas. Assim sendo, indaga-se: a reforma legislativa foi realmente benéfica aos produtores rurais? O estudo objetivou responder ao questionamento. Justifica-se a investigação pelo interesse teórico e pelas repercussões práticas em um dos setores mais importantes para a economia brasileira. Trata de pesquisa de cunho teórico, exploratório e crítico, desenvolvida à luz do método científico-dedutivo e que conta com variados procedimentos metodológicos, como pesquisa bibliográfica, legislativa e jurisprudencial. Os resultados alcançados podem ser assim resumidos: enquanto algumas alterações favoreceram o produtor rural, outras visivelmente atenderam aos interesses dos credores, particularmente, das instituições financeiras.
O ato de educar como narrativa:
Authors: Garrutti Érica Aparecida , Do Amaral Isaura Regina
Published: November 2024

Este artigo analisa a narrativa de uma estudante do curso de pedagogia durante seu estágio extracurricular de apoio à inclusão de uma criança com síndrome de Down em uma turma de educação infantil. O objetivo do texto é conhecer e analisar as práticas educativas dessa estudante, buscando identificar os indícios de desenvolvimento da criança com síndrome de Down proporcionados por essas práticas. Os dados foram coletados por meio de uma observação participante, na qual a estagiária planejava suas práticas com a criança e registrava reflexões em um diário de campo. A análise da experiência da estudante de pedagogia foi fundamentada em uma perspectiva histórico-cultural e socioantropológica. Ao longo de um ano de atuação, a estagiária demonstrou como suas práticas educativas puderam contribuir para o aprendizado da criança com síndrome de Down e fornecer indícios de possibilidades de desenvolvimento. Essas práticas surgiram a partir de uma observação cuidadosa da vida da criança e da conexão estabelecida com ela por meio da comunicação e interação.
Reordenamento curricular do ensino médio no estado de Mato Grosso
Authors: Casagrande Ana Lara , Gonçalves de Lima Waleska , Maciel Cristiano
Published: November 2024

A reforma do Ensino Médio está assentada, centralmente, na extensão do tempo de permanência na escola e no reordenamento curricular. Isso posto, por meio de um estudo qualitativo que mobiliza a técnica de análise de conteúdo, investiga-se a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) direcionada à etapa final da Educação Básica em âmbito nacional e as diretrizes estabelecidas no estado de Mato Grosso. Ao seguir as etapas previstas no tratamento dos dados, baseado no trabalho de Laurence Bardin, foram obtidas as categorias, à luz do currículo flexível: protagonismo e projeto de vida. Os resultados indicam um espelhamento dos princípios da BNCC no Documento de Referência Curricular mato-grossense (DRC/MT), quanto ao objetivo anunciado de fortalecimento do protagonismo juvenil, orientação dos estudantes no que seria a construção do seu projeto de vida e o reforço ao princípio de que o currículo, como componente pedagógico dinâmico, seja flexível. Destaca-se que a principal peculiaridade do DRC/MT foi a abordagem da questão indígena e quilombola, um traço da demarcação das especificidades do estado de Mato Grosso.
The Serial Mediating Role of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation and Entrapment between Intolerance of Uncertainty and Mental Well-Being
Authors: Akçıl Süleyman , Erdinç Beste , Karaduman Engin , Akyıl Yusuf
Published: November 2024

Mental health is a subject that has been extensively researched by mental health experts. It is essential for individuals to give priority to their mental well-being in order to live productive lives. Individuals may face unforeseeable circumstances, a range of emotions, such as feeling trapped, and situations that demand emotional self-regulation at any stage of their lives. An individual's mental health is contingent upon their capacity to uphold a heightened state of well-being despite encountering challenging circumstances. The current study aims to look into the mediating role of difficulties in emotion regulation and entrapment in the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and mental well-being. The current study's data were collected from 427 volunteer participants, including 316 women and 111 men. The mediation analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). According to the findings, difficulties in emotion regulation and entrapment served as serial mediators between intolerance of uncertainty and mental well-being. The model posits that intolerance of uncertainty positively correlates with emotion dysregulation and a sense of being stuck, while both emotion dysregulation and feeling stuck negatively correlate with mental well-being. Tolerance of uncertainty may enhance mental well-being by facilitating emotional regulation and preventing feelings of stagnation.
Transforming Public Policy in Developing Countries: A Comprehensive Review of Digital Implementation
Authors: Asmawa  , Hakim Abdul , Hermawan  , Hayat Ainul
Published: November 2024

This article discusses the process of digitization in the implementation of public policy within developing countries, its critical success factors, challenges, and lessons learned from case studies. Public administration can improve efficiencies, transparency, and effectiveness through the infusion of digital technologies into processes implicated in the making, execution, and evaluation of public policies. Key success factors identified include robust digital infrastructure, clear strategic vision and leadership, effective stakeholder engagement, capacity building, and a supportive regulatory framework. In light of these potential benefits, developing countries experience enormous challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, political instability, socio-political resistance, and gaps in digital literacy. Through a review of empirical case studies from countries such as Estonia, South Korea, China, Bangladesh, and Rwanda, the article identifies key lessons that can inform the digital strategies of other developing nations. The discussion addresses the challenges of sustaining digital infrastructure, including ongoing maintenance costs, the need for continuous technology updates, and the risks of obsolescence. Furthermore, the article explores the significance of capacity building, public-private partnerships, and evolving regulatory frameworks in ensuring the long-term viability of digital policies. The future directions proposed underscore the necessity of adopting adaptable, resilient, and well-governed digital infrastructures to fully realize the benefits of digital public policy in the context of developing countries.
Die Weimarer Theaterzettelsammlung, ihre Digitalisierung und Online-Präsentation
Authors: Schröter Axel , Lörzer Michael
Published: November 2024

Im Rahmen des DFG-geförderten Projektes "Musik und Theater von der Ära Hummel bis zum Ende des Hoftheaters (1819-1918)" werden sämtliche Theaterzettel des Weimarer Hoftheaters digitalisiert, wissenschaftlich aufbereitet und im Internet frei zugänglich gemacht. Auf diese Weise kann ein lückenloser spartenübergreifender Spielplan - auch über diesen Zeitraum hinaus - rekonstruiert werden. Durch die Verknüpfung mit anderen Archivmaterialien, z.B. aus dem Archiv des Deutschen Nationaltheaters, können die Angaben ergänzt (beispielsweise Schauspielmusiken Sprechtheaterwerken zugeordnet) und kontextualisiert (z.B. durch Aufführungsrezensionen) werden. Mit dem Projekt wird der Forschung eine Quellenbasis zur Verfügung gestellt, die die Bandbreite des Weimarer Repertoires erkennen lässt und etliche Querverbindungen zu ziehen erlaubt. http://www.urmel-dl.de/Projekte/TheaterzettelWeimar.html
Schutzrechte an musikwissenschaftlichen Quellen
Authors: Lauber-Rönsberg Anne
Published: November 2024

Die Rechtslage bei der Veröffentlichung und Verbreitung gemeinfreier Werke ist komplex: Oft entstehen bei Musikwerken, deren Urheberrechte abgelaufen sind, durch Neueditionen oder, über diesen Fall hinausgehend, durch eine wissenschaftliche Aufbereitung neue Schutzrechte, die u. U. auch der Nutzung dieser Werke durch Dritte entgegenstehen können. Exemplarisch und auf die Bibliotheksnutzung zugeschnitten werden die unterschiedlichen gesetzlichen Leistungsschutz- und Urheberrechtsbestimmungen, die vor allem der Balance von Rechtsinhaber- und Nutzerinteressen dienen sollen, erläutert.
Wien
Authors: Leibnitz Thomas
Published: November 2024

Thomas Leibnitz, Direktor der Musiksammlung der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek, Wien
Miniaturized fiber optic accelerometer incorporating liquid metal as the proof mass
Authors: Xue Chenxing , Zhou Rui , Xia Yuanjia , Gao Wei , Li Min , Gao Hongyun , Wen Xiaoyan , Lu Haifei , Chen Guobing , Chen Desheng
Published: November 2024

The inertial element of a solid block is commonly used as the proof mass in traditional accelerometers. However, it is challenging to accommodate both the high-density solid-state proof mass and the highly elastic component simultaneously in a miniature sensor, which makes it difficult for the sensors to maintain comparable sensing performance at a miniaturized size. Here, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, liquid metal-based fiber optic accelerometer (LMFOA) is proposed for the first time to meet this requirement. A theoretical model for the LMFOA is introduced to illustrate its feasibility and sensing mechanism. Then, a miniature LMFOA based on a gallium–indium–tin alloy and a polymer-based flexible diaphragm is demonstrated experimentally, showing excellent consistency between the simulation and experimental results. The characteristic test results indicate that the prepared LMFOA has an acceleration sensitivity of 36.6 dB re 1 rad/g below 300 Hz, with a transverse cross talk less than −35 dB. By integrating high-density, highly fluidity liquid metal with a highly flexible diaphragm, the LMFOA shows great potential for applications requiring miniaturization.
Nondiffracting and self-healing properties of a multi-periodic full Poincaré beam
Authors: Zhao Tian-Fei , Li Qing-Lu , Kong Ya-Ning , Tan Guo-Dong , Gao Xu-Zhen , Pan Yue
Published: November 2024

In recent years, structured beams have emerged as an attractive and promising area of research, and nondiffracting beams and vector beams stand out as two particularly important categories of structured beams. Recognizing the significance of both beams, it is valuable to build a connection between these two kinds of structured beams. Here, we propose a kind of multi-periodic full Poincaré beam (MP-FPB), whose polarization states can cover the Poincaré sphere (PS) surface multiple times. A nondiffracting ring is generated by the MP-FPB in propagation, which can propagate without diffraction in a certain distance. The polarization of the nondiffracting ring is variant along the azimuthal direction, and the polarization is also stable in propagation. Additionally, the MP-FPB exhibits self-healing characteristics, with its nondiffracting ring demonstrating good self-reconstruction capability. The MP-FPB can enrich the family of the structured light, and the nondiffracting ring with self-healing ability makes the beam resist distortion and preserves the beam’s shape. These features not only endow optical beams with exceptional robustness but also facilitate various applications such as optical communication, encryption, optical tweezing, high-resolution microscopy, and quantum informatics.
Analysis of practical phase sensing with Quantum Interferometers
Authors: Alghannam Fahad
Published: November 2024

In phase sensing with quantum interferometers, likelihood estimation is used to obtain the estimated value of the measured phase. Moreover, the precision for such sensors depends on the total phase difference between the two paths of the interferometer. To determine the optimal operation parameters of the interferometer, fisher information analysis is required. Both objectives, i.e. likelihood estimation and performance optimization, require knowledge of the probabilities for different events as a function of the phase difference τ. In this article we drive expressions for these probabilities considering the effects of practical parameters like the interferometer’s visibility, the optical pulse width, and the effect of imperfect detectors. Furthermore, we depict fisher information curves for some chosen input states showing the effects of reduced visibility and short pulse widths.
Loss-resilient, x ray interaction-free measurements
Authors: Cohen Ron , Shwartz Sharon , Cohen Eliahu
Published: November 2024

Interaction-free measurement (IFM) is a promising technique for low-dose detection and imaging, offering the unique advantage of probing an object with an overall reduced absorption of the interrogating photons. We propose an experiment to demonstrate IFM in the single x ray photon regime. The proposed scheme relies on the triple-Laue (LLL) symmetric x ray interferometer, where each Laue diffraction acts as a lossy beam splitter. In contrast to many quantum effects which are highly vulnerable to loss, we show that an experimental demonstration of this effect in the x ray regime is feasible and can achieve detection with reduced dose and high IFM efficiency even in the presence of substantial loss in the system. The latter aspect is claimed to be a general property of IFM based on our theoretical analysis. We scrutinize two suitable detection schemes that offer a dose reduction of up to half compared with direct detection. The successful demonstration of IFM with x rays promises intriguing possibilities for measurements with reduced dose, mainly advantageous for biological samples, where radiation damage is a significant limitation.
Visual attention and recall of flavored cigarillo package elements among young adults: A randomized control trial
Authors: Moore Stephanie Pike , Ennis Alysha C. , Kirihara Sho , Gomez Elvia C. , Reyes-Klein Maya , Sharp Hannah , Macisco Joseph M. , Trapl Erika S. , Quisenberry Amanda J. , Klein Elizabeth G.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Flavoring in cigarillos contributes to greater product initiation and abuse liability particularly among young adults. Few studies have examined how packaging elements, including flavor, may draw visual attention from potential consumers as well as impact product recall. This study aimed to test the difference in visual attention to flavor names and other packaging elements on cigarillo products as well as recall of these packaging elements.

Materials and methods

Young adults aged 16–28 years were recruited to participate in a randomized control trial (Clinictrials.org ID: NCT04358705) in June through December 2022 (N = 89). Participants were randomized to two conditions viewing 12 flavored or unflavored cigarillo package images. Eye tracking software captured participants viewing (dwell) time on package features: flavor, brand, health warning, price, and other package imagery. Participants were asked about their recall of the images viewed. The proportion of dwell time on each package elements were used to examine differences between experimental conditions.

Results

Across conditions, participants spent the greatest proportion of dwell time looking at the health warning. Participants in the flavored condition spent a significantly greater proportion of dwell time looking at flavor name (mean: 10.66%; SD: 3.56) compared to those in the unflavored condition (mean:7.03%; SD 2.81). Following the experiment, 45.8% of those in the flavored condition recalled having seen flavors or flavor names, which was greater than recall of all other elements and was significantly greater than flavor recall in the unflavored condition (12.2%).

Conclusions

Flavored cigarillos attract greater visual attention and were the most memorable element of cigarillo packaging among young adults sampled. Changes to cigarillo packaging, including limiting flavor descriptors, imagery, and/or color on packaging and advertisements may be an effective way to reduce young adults’ attention to the products and thus their appeal.
Role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL)
Authors: Roy Madhurima , Sengupta Ritika , Chakraborty Bidhan Chandra , Chatterjee Uttara , Stebut Esther von , Kaye Paul M. , Chatterjee Mitali
Published: November 2024

Background

Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a dermal sequel of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), poses a significant threat to the success of ongoing kala-azar elimination program, due to its potential role in sustaining transmission cycles and complicating disease management strategies. In VL, neutrophils have been identified as the ‘first line of defence’, having multiple roles in disease pathogenesis, but their role in PKDL, if any, still remains elusive; presenting a critical gap in knowledge, and was the aim of this study.

Methodology/Principal findings

In a cohort of PKDL patients, CD66b+ neutrophils were quantified in skin biopsies, followed by immunostaining of FFPE sections to identify activated neutrophils (CD66b+/CD64+) and degranulated (CD66b+/MPO+), along with expression of neutrophil elastase (NE), matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9) and collagen I. Plasma levels of neutrophil chemo-attractants CXCL8/1/2/5, CCL2 and 20 and cytokines, (IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-17 and IL-22, 23) were evaluated by a multiplex assay, while lesional expression of IL-8, IL-10 and IL-17 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. As compared to healthy individuals (control skin samples), PKDL cases at the lesional sites had an increased number of activated CD66b+ neutrophils (positive for CD64+, MPO+ and NE+). The plasma levels of neutrophil chemo-attractants, pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines were raised as was circulating and lesional IL-8, along with an enhanced lesional expression of IL-10 and IL-17A. An increase in circulatory and lesional MMP9 was accompanied by decreased collagen I, suggesting disintegration of matrix integrity.

Conclusions/Significance

Taken together, in PKDL, activated neutrophils possibly contribute towards modulating the lesional landscape. Understanding this involvement of neutrophils in patients with PKDL, particularly in the absence of an animal model, could offer better understanding of the disease pathogenesis and provide insights into novel therapeutic strategies for the ongoing elimination program.
Identifying relevant diabetes and hypertension control management guidelines in primary healthcare and community settings in Indonesia: A Delphi survey
Authors: Pamungkasari Eti Poncorini , Balgis Balgis , Koot Jaap , Landsman Jeanet , Pardoel Zinzi , Rusnak Martin , Plancikova Dominika , Sari Victoria , Putra Stefanus Erdana , Hafizhan Muhammad , Ahmad Karina Fadillah , Pangesti Lely , Wibowo Ivan Sofian , Probandari Ari
Published: November 2024

The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Indonesia is increasing, as evidenced by the latest Indonesian National Health Research, which shows an increase in diabetes prevalence, from 6.9% in 2013 to 10.9% in 2018, and hypertension, from 25.8% in 2013 to 34.1% in 2018. Hence, effective actions in community and primary health care (PHC) facility settings are necessary to tackle the burden of diabetes and hypertension, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The Indonesian government has issued numerous guidelines regarding NCDs. However, not all these guidelines can be applied to communities or PHCs. This study aimed to identify priority guidelines to support the community and PHC for NCD management using the Delphi survey method. These prioritized guidelines will serve as valuable resources for developing relevant, operational and comprehensive modules for community cadres and PHC staff involved in NCD management. The Delphi survey involved 25 experts and comprised three rounds using a questionnaire: 1) identification and assessment of guidelines, 2) assessment of the importance of guidelines, and 3) nomination of the three main priority guidelines. The results revealed three priority guidelines: NCD management guidelines, technical guidelines for Pos Pembinaan Terpadu (POSBINDU) NCDs, and integrated services for NCDs in PHC facilities. Additionally, priority guidelines were used to develop operational modules for community cadres and PHC staff in NCDs management. In conclusion, utilizing the Delphi method serves as a scientific approach to identify priority guidelines crucial for supporting the community and PHC in managing NCDs, particularly in countries with contexts similar to Indonesia.
Susceptibility to and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection according to prescription drug use–an observational study of 46,506 Danish healthcare workers
Authors: Eiken Aleksander , Bliddal Sofie , Villumsen Marie , Iversen Kasper K. , Bundgaard Henning , Hasselbach Rasmus B. , Kristensen Jonas H. , Nielsen Pernille B. , Pries-Heje Mia M. , Knudsen Andreas D. , Fogh Kamille , Norsk Jakob B. , Andersen Ove , Fischer Thea K. , Dessau Ram B. , Ostrowski Sisse R. , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Ditlev Sisse B. , Gybel-Brask Mikkel , Sørensen Erik , Harritshøj Lene H. , Folke Fredrik , Benfield Thomas , Engsig Frederik N. , Poulsen Henrik E. , Ullum Henrik , Feldt-Rasmussen Ulla , Nielsen Susanne D. , Rungby Jørgen
Published: November 2024

It is not well investigated whether exposure to specific drug classes is associated with COVID-19. We investigated the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 among healthcare workers according to prescription drug use. We conducted an observational study among Danish healthcare workers. SARS-CoV-2 positivity was defined as a positive PCR/ELISA test throughout 2020 and severe COVID-19 as any above 48-hour hospitalization within 14 days after infection. Patient characteristics came from online surveys while data on SARS-CoV-2, drugs and hospitalizations came from Danish Health Registers. Infected individuals were matched with uninfected controls based on age, sex, and chronic diseases. Drug exposure was defined as any prescription redemption in the past six and one month(s) before infection for each drug class. Models assessing the risk of infection (conditional logistic regression) and severe COVID-19 (logistic regressions) versus drug usage were adjusted for BMI, smoking, alcohol, education, region, and patient contact when possible. We matched 5,710 SARS-CoV-2-infected cases with 57,021 controls. The odds of infection were reduced by calcium channel blocker (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.81, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.66–1.00) and vasoprotective drug (aOR 0.77, CI: 0.62–0.95) usage during the six months before infection compared to no usage. Exposure to antibacterials in the past month increased the odds of infection (aOR 1.27, CI: 1.09–1.48). Among infected participants, the odds of severe COVID-19 were higher with usage of almost any investigated drug, especially, diuretics (crude odds radio (OR) 4.82, CI:2.15–10.83), obstructive airway disease drugs (OR 4.49, CI: 2.49–8.08), and antibacterials (OR 2.74 CI:1.62–4.61). In conclusion, antibacterials were associated with more SARS-CoV-2 infections and calcium channel blockers with less. Once infected, users of prescription drugs had higher odds of developing severe COVID-19. These findings suggest a need for studies to clarify interactions between specific drug groups, behaviour, known risk factors, and disease susceptibility/severity.
Effect of community health education on mothers’ knowledge of obstetric danger signs and birth preparedness and complication readiness practices in southern Ethiopia: A cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yoseph Amanuel , Teklesilasie Wondwosen , Guillen-Grima Francisco , Astatkie Ayalew
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Increasing knowledge of obstetric danger signs (ODS) and encouraging birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) practices are strategies to increase skilled maternal health service utilization in low-income countries. One of the methods to increase mothers’ knowledge about ODS and promote BPCR practice is through health education intervention (HEI). However, the effect of context-specific community-based health education led by women’s groups on these outcomes has yet to be comprehensively studied, and the existing evidence is inconclusive. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effect of a context-specific community-based HEI led by women’s groups on mothers’ knowledge regarding ODS and BPCR practices in southern Ethiopia.

Methods

An open-label, two-arm parallel group cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted from January to August 2023 on pregnant women from 24 clusters (kebeles) (12 interventions and 12 controls) in the northern zone of the Sidama region. The Open Data Kit smartphone application was utilized to collect data. The intention-to-treat analysis was used to compare outcomes between groups. We fitted multilevel mixed-effects modified Poisson regression with robust standard error to account for between and within cluster effects.

Results

One thousand and seventy pregnant women (540 in the intervention and 530 in the control clusters) responded to this study, making the overall response rate 95.02%. Excessive vaginal bleeding (94.3% in the interventional group vs. 88.7% in the control group) was the commonest ODS mentioned during childbirth. Overall, 68.7% of women in the intervention group and 36.2% of mothers in the control group had good knowledge of ODS (P-value < 0.001). Saving money and materials (97.1% in the interventional group vs. 92.7% in the control group) was the most frequently practiced BPCR plan. Overall, 64.3% of women in the intervention group and 38.9% of mothers in the control group practiced BPCR (P-value < 0.001). HEI significantly increased overall knowledge of ODS (adjusted risk ratio [ARR]: 1.71; 99% CI: 1.14–2.57) and improved overall BPCR practice (ARR: 1.55; 99% CI: 1.02–2.39).

Conclusions

A community-based HEI led by women’s groups improved mothers’ knowledge regarding ODS and BPCR practices in a rural setting in southern Ethiopia. Interventions designed to increase women’s knowledge of ODS and improve BPCR practice must implement context-specific, community-based HEI that aligns with World Health Organization recommendations.

Trial registration

NCT05865873.
Deciphering the impact of senescence in kidney transplant rejection: An integrative machine learning and multi-omics analysis via bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Shen Xihao , Wu Jiyue , Zhang Feilong , Bi Qing , Sun Zejia , Wang Wei
Published: November 2024

Background

The demographic shift towards an older population presents significant challenges for kidney transplantation (KTx), particularly due to the vulnerability of aged donor kidneys to ischemic damage, delayed graft function, and reduced graft survival. KTx rejection poses a significant threat to allograft function and longevity of the kidney graft. The relationship between senescence and rejection remains elusive and controversial.

Methods

Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) provided microarray and single-cell RNA sequencing datasets. After integrating Senescence-Related Genes (SRGs) from multiple established databases, differential expression analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and machine learning algorithms were applied to identify predictive SRGs (pSRGs). A cluster analysis of rejection samples was conducted using the consensus clustering algorithm. Subsequently, we utilized multiple machine learning methods (RF, SVM, XGB, GLM and LASSO) based on pSRGs to develop the optimal Acute Rejection (AR) diagnostic model and long-term graft survival predictive signatures. Finally, we validated the role of pSRGs and senescence in kidney rejection through the single-cell landscape.

Results

Thirteen pSRGs were identified, correlating with rejection. Two rejection clusters were divided (Cluster C1 and C2). GSVA analysis of two clusters underscored a positive correlation between senescence, KTx rejection occurrence and worse graft survival. A non-invasive diagnostic model (AUC = 0.975) and a prognostic model (1- Year AUC = 0.881; 2- Year AUC = 0.880; 3- Year AUC = 0.883) for graft survival were developed, demonstrating significant predictive capabilities to early detect acute rejection and long-term graft outcomes. Single-cell sequencing analysis provided a detailed cellular-level landscape of rejection, supporting the conclusions drawn from above.

Conclusion

Our comprehensive analysis underscores the pivotal role of senescence in KTx rejection, highlighting the potential of SRGs as biomarkers for diagnosing rejection and predicting graft survival, which may enhance personalized treatment strategies and improve transplant outcomes.
Canine uropathogenic and avian pathogenic Escherichia coli harboring conjugative plasmids exhibit augmented growth and exopolysaccharide production in response to Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Walker Grayson K. , Suyemoto M. Mitsu , Jacob Megan E. , Thakur Siddhartha , Borst Luke B.
Published: November 2024

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) are extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) that infect dogs and poultry. These agents occur both as single-species infections and, commonly, in co-infection with Enterococcus faecalis (EF); however, it is unclear how EF co-infections modulate ExPEC virulence. Genetic drivers of interspecies interactions affecting virulence were identified using macrocolony co-culture, chicken embryo co-infection experiments, and whole-genome sequence analysis of ExPEC and EF clinical isolates. Ten of 11 UPEC strains originally co-isolated with EF exhibited a growth advantage when co-cultured with EF on iron-limited, semi-solid media in contrast to growing alone (P < 0.01). Phylogenetic analyses of these UPEC and 18 previously screened APEC indicated the growth-response phenotype was conserved in ExPEC despite strain diversity. When genomes of EF-responsive ExPEC were compared to non-responsive ExPEC genomes, EF-induced growth was associated with siderophore, exopolysaccharide (EPS), and plasmid conjugative transfer genes. Two matched pairs of EF-responsive and non-responsive ExPEC were selected for further characterization by macrocolony proximity and chicken embryo lethality assays. EF-responsive ExPEC produced 5 to 16 times more EPS in proximity to EF and were more lethal to embryos alone and during co-infection with EF compared to non-responsive ExPEC (P < 0.05). A responsive APEC strain cured of its conjugative plasmid lost the enhanced growth and EPS production response to EF. These data demonstrate that ExPEC growth augmentation by EF occurs in UPEC and APEC strains and is linked to conjugative virulence plasmids and EPS production, which are widely conserved ExPEC virulence determinants.
Early Paleoindian use of canids, felids, and hares for bone needle production at the La Prele site, Wyoming, USA
Authors: Pelton Spencer R. , Litynski McKenna , Allaun Sarah A. , Buckley Michael , Govaerts Jack , Schoborg Todd , O’Brien Matthew , Hill Matthew G. , Sanders Paul , Mackie Madeline E. , Kelly Robert L. , Surovell Todd A.
Published: November 2024

We report the first identifications of species and element used to produce Paleolithic bone needles. Archaeologists have used the tailored, fur-fringed garments of high latitude foragers as modern analogs for the clothes of Paleolithic foragers, arguing that the appearance of bone needles and fur bearer remains in archaeological sites c. 40,000 BP is indirect evidence for the advent of tailored garments at this time. These garments partially enabled modern human dispersal to northern latitudes and eventually enabled colonization of the Americas ca. 14,500 BP. Despite the importance of bone needles to explaining global modern human dispersal, archaeologists have never identified the materials used to produce them, thus limiting understanding of this important cultural innovation. We use Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS) and Micro-CT scanning to establish that bone needles at the ca. 12,900 BP La Prele site (Wyoming, USA) were produced from the bones of canids, felids, and hares. We propose that these bones were used by the Early Paleoindian foragers at La Prele because they were scaled correctly for bone needle production and readily available within the campsite, having remained affixed to pelts sewn into complex garments. Combined with a review of comparable evidence from other North American Paleoindian sites, our results suggest that North American Early Paleoindians had direct access to fur-bearing predators, likely from trapping, and represent some of the most detailed evidence yet discovered for Paleoindian garments.
LNC_000280 could be a new positive factor in the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts: A prospective study
Authors: Wang Shen , Gu Xinyi , Geng Qinghe , Deng Jin , Huang Chen , Guo Shuhang , Lu Qingguo , Yin Xiaofeng
Published: November 2024

Peripheral nerve injury may result in muscle atrophy and impaired motor function recovery, and numerous pieces of evidence indicate that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in skeletal muscle regeneration. Our preliminary sequencing results showed that LNC_000280 was significantly down-regulated in denervated mouse skeletal muscle and we hypothesized that LNC_000280 may play an important role in skeletal muscle regeneration. In this research, flow cytometry and EdU staining results showed that overexpression of LNC_000280 promoted the proliferation of C2C12, while knockdown LNC_000280 had the opposite effect. Knockdown LNC_000280 inhibited the differentiation of C2C12 cells. LNC_000280 regulated the expression of proliferation genes (Cdk2, Cdc27) and differentiation genes (MyoG, MyoD). GO analysis and PPI network of LNC_000280 target genes showed that LNC_000280 mainly regulates skeletal muscle cell metabolism, mitochondrial and muscle growth. Idh2, Klhl31, Agt, and Gpt2 may be important downstream targets for its function. Therefore, we believe that that LNC_000280 can regulate the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts by regulating gene expression.
Australian Communities That Care (CTC) intervention: Benefit-cost analysis of a community-based youth alcohol prevention initiative
Authors: Abimanyi-Ochom Julie , Wanni Arachchige Dona Sithara , Bohingamu Mudiyanselage Shalika , Mehta Kanika , Kuklinski Margaret , Rowland Bosco , Toumbourou John W. , Carter Rob
Published: November 2024

Background

Internationally, adolescent alcohol consumption has been a major community concern for decades. Globally, there is a growing array of interventions aimed at preventing youth alcohol-related problems. Notably, the Communities that Care (CTC) process in the USA has proven to be a cost-effective intervention, leading to a reduction in adolescent alcohol-related problems. In Australia, the CTC trial has shown positive outcomes such as reduced adolescent alcohol and drug use, antisocial behaviors, and the availability of alcohol in the community. To encourage wider adoption, it is essential to ascertain the cost-effectiveness of the Australian CTC trial and its potential impact on addressing youth alcohol problems.

Method

We conducted a limited societal perspective benefit-cost analysis focused on reducing adolescent (aged 10–14) alcohol use in the initial four CTC communities in Australia, spanning 2001 to 2015. To ensure accuracy, estimated benefits were adjusted for joint effects to prevent the double counting of the benefits over time.

Results

The Australian CTC trial, as an adolescent alcohol prevention strategy, demonstrates robust economic credentials, delivering a return of AUD 2.6 for each dollar invested. The cost savings resulting from the reduction in alcohol consumption were estimated at AUD 123 per youth per 15 years and AUD 8 per person per year. The average cost of the CTC trial amounted to AUD 48 per youth over 15 years and AUD 3 per youth per year. The largest contribution to primary benefits were reductions in crime and violence with 93% of the total benefits.

Conclusions

This study makes a valuable contribution to the international economic evidence related to youth alcohol prevention initiatives. The results affirm the strong cost-effectiveness potential of the initial CTC trial implementation in Australia. Moreover, conducting further cost-benefit modelling for additional outcomes and beyond the intervention’s timeframe is likely to enhance the economic viability of the CTC trial.
Surveillance, performance and versions of the real in On the Road and RuPaul’s Drag Race
Authors: Mackenzie James Alexander
Published: November 2024

This article conducts a comparative analysis of On the Road (1957) and RuPaul’s Drag Race (2009–present). It is argues that both texts seek to represent a real that is transgressive and empowering. But in order to achieve this representation within a format that will be acceptable to the imagined audience, these texts must perform a problematic process of recording and constructing content. Furthermore, this palatable version of the real excludes aspects of gender and sexuality that are seen to transgress the existing social matrix of acceptable behaviours and identities. This comparative study suggests how recording and presenting the real continues to be problematic, even across time periods and media modes. It also indicates how supposedly transgressive texts may ultimately prioritize marketability over a reality that is truly paradigm-shifting and inclusive.
Gizarte Berrikuntza eta Gizarte Ekonomia parez pare
Authors: Cancio Orueta Leire , Lasa Altuna Eusebio
Published: November 2024

Master Amaierako Lanean oinarritutako artikulu honetan Gizarte Berrikuntzaren eta Gizarte Ekonomiaren markoak aztertzen dira, bi jakintza-arloetan kokatzen diren autoreen begietatik lehenik.
Marko bakoitzaren motibazioa, definizioa, gaitasun eraldatzailea eta erronkak jasotzen dira. Horrez gain, bi eremu horietan kokatzen diren zazpi adituen egindako elkarrizketa erdi-egituratuen bidez lau ardatz horien inguruko iritzia jasotzen da, baita bi markoak elkar elikatzeko osagaien inguruan ere. Artikuluak ahuleziak identifikatu, eta arlo bakoitzaren eragina areagotzeko beste arloak proposatzen dituen aukeretan jartzen du arreta.
Kooperatiben Euskal legea Nazioarteko Zuzenbide Kooperatiboaren Testuingurua liburuari iruzkina
Authors: Epelde Juaristi Miren
Published: November 2024

Kooperatiben Euskal legea Nazioarteko Zuzenbide Kooperatiboaren Testuinguruan liburuaren iruzkina da
Servicio de atención farmacéutica a personas mayores
Authors: García Plata Natalia , Martín Suárez Ana , Teixeira-da-Silva Paulo
Published: November 2024

El objetivo principal fue diseñar y realizar una práctica de la asignatura “Atención Farmacéutica” de 4º curso del Grado en Farmacia, compatibilizando el aprendizaje con la prestación de un servicio de atención farmacéutica a personas mayores. Como objetivo secundario se planteó estudiar la adherencia de los participantes a sus tratamientos.
En el curso 2022/2023 se diseñó la práctica y se ensayó con 20 estudiantes voluntarios como un proyecto de Aprendizaje-Servicio. En 2023/2024 se implementó en el programa de la asignatura participando los 61 estudiantes matriculados. En total, se realizaron 8 visitas a centros de día, coordinadas a través del Programa de Acercamiento Intergeneracional del Servicio de Asuntos Sociales de la USAL.
Participaron 141 personas mayores que respondieron de forma positiva a la actividad, apreciando su utilidad y expresando su interés en más iniciativas de este tipo. Se consideraron adherentes el 57 % de los participantes. Contestaron la encuesta anónima de satisfacción 41 estudiantes, considerando más del 80% la experiencia beneficiosa, a nivel personal y académico.
La actividad diseñada ha demostrado ser viable y cumplir con los objetivos planteados. La satisfacción de los estudiantes, personas mayores, profesores y coordinadoras de los centros resalta la importancia de este tipo de iniciativas.
La educación para la ciudadanía a través del cine. Igualdad e inclusión como objetivos del sistema educativo
Authors: Salazar Benítez Octavio
Published: November 2024

En el sistema constitucional español, la educación no es solo un derecho social, sino también político, ya que juega un papel esencial en la construcción de la ciudadanía y, en consecuencia, en la conquista de los objetivos igualitarios propios de una democracia. Educación, igualdad y ciudadanía son pues la base política y ética del pacto constitucional. Un triángulo que nos remite a la necesidad de educar en valores cívicos, tal y como muestran las películas comentadas en el texto. Mediante el análisis de estos productos audiovisuales, se plantean los principales retos, y complejidades, de la educación en el siglo xxi.
Ediciones Morata: presencia de un proyecto editorial familiar en la cultura académica española del siglo XX
Authors: Del Rey Tapia Jaime
Published: November 2024

Este trabajo estudia la trayectoria de Ediciones Morata y su presencia en la cultura científica a lo largo de casi cien años, desempeñando un papel relevante a pesar de su pequeño tamaño[1].
Su progresiva dedicación a las ciencias sociales en los últimos cincuenta años, el volumen de originales y de reediciones publicados, las colecciones aparecidas y los resultados de las evaluaciones externas muestran su peso en el ámbito de esas ciencias, especialmente en educación, en esta última etapa.
Se presentan el contexto histórico, las funciones y la línea editorial, un resumen de las principales materias publicadas y los nombres de algunos autores. Se describen también detalles de los procesos editoriales desde la selección de originales a la promoción; las colaboraciones con otras entidades, y la imagen de la empresa: catálogos comerciales o referencias que aparecen en textos y valoraciones externas.
„Ma hideg van.”
Authors: Nagy Zoltán
Published: November 2024

In my study, I deal with the anthropological aspects of perception in connection with a recent study by Katalin Sipőcz. Many people consider anthropology to be a science centred on vision and narration, which does not pay enough attention to the experiences of other senses. Sensual anthropology, which wants to reckon with this one-sidedness, draws attention to the fact that in addition to the Western basic attitude that results in the ocular-centricity of anthropology, there are also other sensory/perception systems, the understanding of which can lead to a better understanding of the given societies.

In connection with this problem, I review the experiences related to the perception of cold during my fieldwork among the Khantys in Western Siberia. The Khantys of Vasyugan express the temperature on the basis of different scales, expressing themselves with a specially understood Russian vocabulary. In addition to observing the thermometer and skin perception, cold and heat are also inferred with other sensory experiences, our perception is inherently synesthetic, which only we break down into separate senses and sensations. Different series of associations are connected to the cold, which may be radically different from our associations. Cold is a complex symbolic code for the Khantys of Vasyugan, which simultaneously means purity, freedom and activity, as well as peripherality.

The inclusion of a wide range of perception in the research has serious consequences for the practice of anthropology and fieldwork as well. In order to understand the perception of other cultures, we must experience their sensory perception ourselves, or at least experience what they feel. In order to understand this, I interpret an entry in my field diary from 2001, with the help of which I came closer to understanding the cold, and thus the Khantys. But it must be clear that my personal experience influencing understanding is different from the experience of the Khantys, we can only really understand their perception if we get to know their stories as well. Anthropology therefore, despite its efforts to include as wide a range of perceptions as possible in its research, is still locked in the world of narration: it can only really understand the experiences of local people with the help of their texts about them, and it is best to convey its own - and other people’s - experiences only in text.