bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Photosynthetic Efficiency of the Cinnamomum camphora Leaves by Using Photo-Acoustic Tomography Spectroscopy Technology
Authors: Lie Guang Hua , Lie Gan Wen , Ke Han Lan , Yang Ting , Li Dong Yu , Zhang Dao Qing , Feng Xiao Qiong
Published: July 2012

By using a new kind of single-beam normalized photo-acoustic tomography spectroscopy (PAS-CT) technology with non-damage detection, the photo-acoustic tomography spectroscopy, optical absorption properties and photosynthetic pigment content of the green and yellow leaves of Cinnamomum camphora were studied. The results show that: photo-acoustic tomography spectroscopy could be obtained from different chopping frequency and different sample position. The more photosynthetic pigment content the leaves of Cinnamomum camphora contains, the bigger optical absorption coefficient and the higher photosynthetic efficiency they have. In the research, we could find that the photosynthetic pigment content of the green leaves of Cinnamomum camphora is higher than that of the red ones. As a result, the optical absorption coefficient and the photosynthetic efficiency of the green ones are higher than the red ones. The photo-acoustic tomography spectroscopy technology could be a kind of non-damage detection to confirm the growth of trees.
Response Surface Method to Optimize Pretreatment of Rice Husk by Microwave-Assisted NaOH Solution
Authors: Han Dan Ni , Xie Ding , Gao Yan , Zhang Qiong , Zhu Jing
Published: July 2012

The effect of microwave-assisted NaOH solution to pretreat rice husk was studied with RSM (Response Surface Method). When NaOH concentration; microwave power; irradiation time and solid-to-liquid ratio, are 1.5%; 650 w; 16 min and 1:12 respectively, the rice husk which are treated under such conditions can be hydrolyzed by the enzyme to get 56.24% sugars.
Purification and Characterization of Alkaline Polygalacturonases Produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa 20185 in Submerged Cultures
Authors: Jiang Hong Ju , Xu Wei Zhen , Song Jia Mei , Sun Dong Ping
Published: July 2012

Two extracellular alkaline polygalacturonases from extracts of liquid cultures of Paenibacillus polymyxa 20185 were purified by gel filtration chromatography to homogeneity as judged by SDS-PAGE. The purified alkaline polygalacturonases (PG1 and PG2) had a similar molecular weight of 65 kDa, exhibited maximal activity at 50°C with pH 10.0, and were stable in alkaline conditions. The purified alkaline polygalacturonases activities were enhanced in the presence of Mg2+, and were resistant to inhibition by Mn2+, Zn2+and Cu2+. Michaelis-menten constants of PG1 and PG2 were found as 3.6mg/mL and 3.5mg/mL, respectively.
Rheological Properties of Limited Enzymatic Hydrolyzed Wheat Gluten
Authors: Wang Zhang Cun , Li Le Jing , Zhao Xue Wei , Cui Sheng Wen
Published: July 2012

The rheological properties of Limited Enzyme-hydrolyzed Wheat Gluten (LHWG) and its complex solutions with xanthan gum (XG), sodium alginate (SA) or gelatin were researched by Brookfield DV-Ⅱ+Pro Viscometer. The results showed that they all exhibited typical shear-thinning behavior and the higher LHWG concentration, the more evident of the shear thinning was. The effects of temperature on the rheology of LHWG were very complicated based on the concentration. The apparent viscosity of 300 mg/mL LHWG (20°C) was higher than that of 100 mg/mL and 200 mg/mL, and showed fluctuation between 20°C and 90°C, which were strongly different from that of low LHWG solution. However, the rheological properties of LHWG were influenced slightly by shearing time.
Adsorption of Cationic Dyes from Aqueous Solution onto Rapeseed Meal
Authors: Li Guo Lan , Li Song , He Deng Liang , Du Jun Liang
Published: July 2012

Using an agricultural waste rapeseed meal (RM) as adsorbent, the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG) from aqueous solution has been studied. For this purpose, the adsorption of MB and MG onto the RM with aspects of kinetics, equilibrium and the effect of pH were investigated. The equilibrium experimental data of MB and MG is in well accordance with isotherm equations of Langmuir and Freundlich. And the maximum uptake capacities (qm) of MB and MG were 122 and 78 mg.g-1respectively. It was observed that the adsorption rate of MB and MG onto the RM were very rapid and the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order equation. The RM appears as a very prospective adsorbent for the removal of cationic dyes from industrial effluent due to its high uptake, rapid adsorption rate and low cost.
Adsorption Properties of Pr3+ and Nd3+ Using Silica Grafted with Larch Tannin
Authors: Xu Tian Tian , Huang Chu Rui , Luo Yuan Yuan , Du Qiang , Zhao Shi Lin
Published: July 2012

The new adsorption material was prepared by grafting the larch tannin onto aminated silica beads with the glutaraldehyde as the cross-linking agent. The adsorption properties of Pr3+and Nd3+on the new adsorbent material in aqueous solution were investigated. The results showed that the equilibrium adsorption capacities of this adsorbent to Pr3+, Nd3+were 402.12mg/g, 305.43mg/g at 303K when the initial concentrations of each ions were 442.7mg/L, 432.6mg/L, respectively and the pH value was 5.5; the maximum adsorption quantities of each ions were 576.34mg/g, 497.02mg/g at 303K when the initial concentrations of each ions were 704.5mg/L, 721.0mg/L, respectively and the pH value was 5.5. The effect of pH value was significant to the equilibrium adsorption capacity, the optimum pH values of this material to Pr3+and Nd3+were both 5.5; while the effect of the temperature was not obvious to the equilibrium adsorption capacity. The adsorption thermodynamics meet Freundlich equation, and the adsorption kinetics data of this adsorbent to Pr3+, Nd3+fitted with the pseudo-second-order rate equation dynamics model.
Diffusion of Heavy Oil in SiO2 Model Catalyst and FCC Catalyst
Authors: Liu Zi Yuan , Chen Sheng Li , Dong Peng , Ge Xiu Jun
Published: July 2012

Through the measured effective diffusion coefficients of Dagang vacuum residue supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation (SFEF) fractions in FCC catalysts and SiO2model catalysts, the relation between pore size of catalyst and effective diffusion coefficient was researched and the restricted diffusion factor was calculated. The restricted diffusion factor in FCC catalysts is less than 1 and it is 1~2 times larger in catalyst with polystyrene (PS) template than in conventional FCC catalyst without template, indicating that the diffusion of SFEF fractions in the two FCC catalysts is restricted by the pore. When the average molecular diameter is less than 1.8 nm, the diffusion of SFEF fractions in SiO2model catalyst which average pore diameter larger than 5.6 nm is unrestricted. The diffusion is restricted in the catalyst pores of less than 8 nm for SFEF fractions which diameter more than 1.8 nm. The tortuosity factor of SiO2model catalyst is obtained to be 2.87, within the range of empirical value. The effective diffusion coefficient of the SFEF fractions in SiO2model catalyst is two orders of magnitude larger than that in FCC catalyst with the same average pore diameter. This indicate that besides the ratio of molecular diameter to the pore diameter λ, the effective diffusion coefficient is also closely related to the pore structure of catalyst. Because SiO2model catalyst has uniform pore size, the diffusion coefficient can be precisely correlated with pore size of catalyst, so it is a good model material for catalyst internal diffusion investigation.
Chemical Constituents from Illicium dunnianum
Authors: Geng Di , Weng Lian Jin , Han Yuan Yuan , Yang Xin
Published: July 2012

AIM：To investigate the chemical constituents of Illicium dunnianum. METHODS: Compounds were isolated and purified by carious chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated by physicochemical and spectral data. RESULTS: Eleven known compounds were isolated and identified as (2R, 3R)-3, 5, 7, 3', 5'-pentahydroxyflavan (1), epicatechol (2), pinocembrin (3), (2R, 3R)-3, 5, 7, 3′, 4′-pentahydroxyflavan (4), (-)-epiafzelechin (5), quercetin-3-O-α- L-rhamnoside(6), methyl 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate (7), gallic acid (8), shikimic acid (9) and ethyl shikimate(10) and 4,5-Dimethoxy-6-(2-propenyl)-1,3-benzodioxole(11). CONCLUSION: Compound 1-8, 10 and 11 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Effect of Oxidized Myofibrils Protein Subjected to Mutiple Freeze-Thaw Cycles on N-Nitrosamine Formation in In Vitro Model System
Authors: Yang Hua , Meng Pei Pei , Wang Rui , Li Pei Ran , Li Peng , Wang Chang Lu , Ma Li Zhen
Published: July 2012

N-nitrosamine is a kind of carcinogenic substance, which is possibly formed in the reaction of nitrites with amino acids or secondary amines. Two in vitro model systems were designed to evaluate the influence of oxidized myofibrils protein subjected to repeated freeze-thaw cycles (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 10 times) on N-nitrosamine formation. Model system I contains diethylamine and sodium nitrite, while model system II contains only sodium nitrite as reaction solution. Oxidized myofibrils protein were added to both systems. The results revealed that as the number of freeze-thaw cycles increased, cross-linking of myosin heavy chains and the content of protein carbonyl increased, but the content of protein sulfydryl decreased, which indicates oxidization of protein occurred. The concentration of N-nitrosodiethylamine increased as the number of freeze-thaw cycles increased, especially after four cycles. Oxidized myofibrils protein promoted the formation of N-nitrosodiethylamine. The more the times of freeze-thaw cycles were subjected, the more oxidization of myofibrils protein occurred and the higher yield of the N-nitrosodiethylamine.
Mutagenesis of catA from Pseudomonas sp. B3-1 to Enhance Catechol Accumulation
Authors: Xiong Jian Wen , Tang Xian Lai , Li Jun Fang , Zhang Min , Shen Pei Hong
Published: July 2012

Pseudomonas sp. B3-1, a wild strain isolated from soil, produced catechol from benzoate and accumulated it outside the cell. catA, a gene encodes a catechol 1,2-dioxygenase in the bioconversion of aromatic compounds, plays the central role in accumulation of catechol. Mutant of the catA gene is disrupted without blocking the transcription of downstream genes was analyzed. The result showed that the mutant had less catechol 1, 2-dioxygenase activity, only 1/3 of strain B3-1’s. The mutant produced a maximal amount of catechol (1.22 mg/ml) from 4 mg/ml of sodium benzoate after growing for 48 h. The conversion rate of benzoate to catechol was 51.5% on a molar basis.
Optimization of Separation Conditions of Liquiritin in Preparative Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Cong Jing Xiang , Wang Shao Yan , Wu Xiu Hong , Yu Ping
Published: July 2012

The aim of this work was to study the separation conditions of Liquiritin (LQ) in preparative liquid chromatography. Based on the inverse method, the adsorption isotherm parameters of LQ and the closely impurities were determined. Then the chromatographic conditions were optimized by combination of orthogonal design experiments and numerical simulation. The optimum injection concentration, injection purity of LQ and injection volume was found as 50 g/L, 45 % and 5 mL, respectively. The parameters of simulated moving bed chromatography were selected and the separation process was analysis. This method can give reference for purifying of low content component from the complex herbs.
Optimization of Sargassum Extracts Preparation with Complex Enzyme by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Liu Shu Xing , Zhang Shuang , Jiao Wei Na
Published: July 2012

Use Design Expert software to establish a quadratic polynomial model between four factors and content of reducing sugar which is characterization for hydrolysis. The four factors are the amount of complex enzyme, the ratio of complex enzyme, hydrolysis temperature and hydrolysis time. Process of sargassum extracts preparation with complex enzyme is optimized by response surface methodology. The optimum preparation conditions were achieved as follows：amount of complex enzyme is 2.05%, ratio of complex enzyme is 1.98, hydrolysis temperature is 55°C, hydrolysis time is 64minutes, and the final reducing sugar content is 0.832% which is good repeatability.
Establishment of Dynamic Model for Flaxseed Lignans Extraction with Solvent Method
Authors: Yang Hong Zhi
Published: July 2012

Abstract: The flaxseed lignans were extracted with 70% ethanol solution at ambient temperature. Based on the first Fick’ law, the extraction model was established; according to the experimental data obtained at different conditions, the model was solved by means of “minimum two multiplication” method and the pending constants were determined; the model was validated with experimental data and the results proved that the forecasting precision of this model was error less than 7%. Key words: solvent method, flaxseed, lignans, extraction model
Influence of Magnetic Field on Antibacterial Effect of Extracts from Black Pepper
Authors: Chen Wen Xue , Li Jiao Mei , Peng Mei Fang , Wu Song Hai , Qiu Hou Yuan
Published: July 2012

In order to investigate the effect of magnetic field on the antibacterial substances from black pepper, we used shaking and ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus anthracis and Aspergillus niger as indicator bacteria respectively. Meanwhile, extraction rate and diameter of inhibition zone were regarded as the activity monitoring parameters. The results showed the existence of magnetic field can make a difference. It weakened the antibacterial activity of black pepper by shaking extraction. However, the antibacterial activity of substances to Aspergillus niger was proportional to the intensity of the applied magnetic field by ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction.
Extracting Bitumen from Inner Mongolia Oil Sands Using Several Common Surfactants
Authors: Liu Wen Ju , Wang Shao Feng , Zhao Pei Xia
Published: July 2012

In this work, four oil displacement surfactants (EL110, SG20, Span60 and Tween80) were used to study the extraction of bitumen from oil sands. The effect of concentration of surfactant, extraction temperature, extraction time, the addition of NaOH and extraction solvents was investigated. The results showed that the best concentration of EL110、SG20 and Tween80 were 3%（wt）, 0.1% and 10%，respectively, corresponding to the yield of bitumen were 26.4%，33.4% and 30.7%. The addition of NaOH to EL110 and SG20 solution improved the yield of bitumen, which were 45.9% and 48.0%. With the temperature increasing, the yield of bitumen increased speedily. The extraction time is 2 hours. For Tween80, at 60°C, using ethanol as solvent gave a higher yield of bitumen than that of using water. At 70°C, using pure ethanol as extraction solvent gave the yield of bitumen 93.3%. At 60°C the yield of bitumen using pure ethanol was 68.9%, addition of 0.5% Span60 improved the yield to 96.9%, but the addition of Tween80 had no effect on the yield.
Preparaitve Separation and Purification of Cordycepin from Cultured Cordyceps militaris Using Cation Exchange Resin
Authors: Li Chen , Wu Pan Pan , Zhang Kun
Published: July 2012

A main active component cordycepin was extracted and purified from cultured Cordyceps militaris. The crude extract was microwave extracted and then purified using a cation exchange resin (CER) of LSD-001. The adsorption ability of the resin was investigated using equilibrium adsorption isotherm including Langmuir and Freundlich model, and the equilibrated relationship between cordycepin and LSD-001 could be well described by Langmuir equation. The influential factors of desorption experiments, such as NH3 concentration, pH value and ethanol content of desorption solution, along with desorption time and temperature were successively investigated. The optimal desorption conditions were confirmed as: 0.2 mol L-1 NH3 combined with 80% ethanol (v/v), desorbed for 2 h at 25 °C and pH 14. Compared with the content in crude C. militaris (2.5 mg g-1), cordycepin in the final purified products (144.6 mg•g-1) was increased 58-fold after one cycle of dynamic adsorption and desorption on resin LSD-001.
Antioxidant Activities of Crude Extract and Chromatographic Fraction from Hsian-Tsao (Mesona Procumbens Hemsl.)
Authors: Qiu Ting , Wang Bi Yu , Lin Xiao Cui , Wu Yan Xiang
Published: July 2012

This study aimed at evaluating the antioxidative activity of crude hsian-tsao extracted by acetone and the Fraction E purified by AB-8 macroporous resin chromatography column. The antioxidative activities, including the DPPH radical-scavenging effects, Fe2+-chelating ability, and reducing power as well as the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, were studied. Results demonstrated that both crude extract and Fraction E were more effective in the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the DPPH radical-scavenging ability than that in the Fe2+-chelating ability. Based on the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, the order of the antioxidant activities was follows: Fraction E >GA> crude extract >Vc. Fraction E seemed to be a promising product of natural antioxidants enriched with phenolic compounds
Extraction and Purification of Polyphenolic Compounds Obtained from Hsian-Tsao (Mesona Procumbens Hemsl.)
Authors: Huang Zhi Xian , Qiu Ting , Lin Xiao Cui , Wu Yan Xiang
Published: July 2012

Extraction and purification of polyphenolic compounds from Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl.) were investigated. The polyphenolic compounds were extracted by using acetone, ethanol or methanol at three different concentrations. The polyphenolic concentration and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation were determined. The results showed that, among solvents tested, 75% acetone solvent extracted a maximum amount of polyphenolic compounds from Hsian-tsao. The 75% acetone extract was purified further by AB-8 adsorption column chromatography and eight fractions, A~H, were obtained. Among eight fractions, Fraction E had the highest polyphenolic content and inhibition(76%). Moreover, Fraction E was separated into four polyphenolic compounds (1~4) by HPLC and each compound reached a purity of more than 98%. The structure of the compound was identified by LC-MS and NMR, and the compound-4 was determined to be astragalin (a flavonol glycoside) which was obtained from HT for the first time.
Study on Technology for Obtaining Quercetin from Linifolius Conyza by Microwave-Assisted Extraction
Authors: Zhang Wei Guang , Liang Ji Hong , Cai You Jie
Published: July 2012

Determination of quercetin from Linifolius Conyza by microwave-assisted extraction and absorption spectroscopy was reported. The effects of solvent concentration, microwave time, ratio of solution to solid and microwave-assisted extraction pressure were evaluated by single factor experiments. The extraction conditions of quercetin from Linifolius Conyza by microwave -assisted method were optimized: ethanol concentration is 70 %( V/ V); microwave time is 5 minutes ; ratio of solution to solid is 45:1 and microwave-assisted extraction pressure is 500kPa . microwave - assisted extraction and absorption spectroscopy was simple and accurate with good reproducibility.
Application of Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Liquid Fermentation Medium for Polysaccharide Production by Tricholoma Mongolicum Imai
Authors: Wu Xiao Tong , Chen Hai Xia , Han Tian Xiang , Bai Jing , Zhao Ji , Yuwen Wei Sheng
Published: July 2012

The fermentation medium of Tricholoma Mongolicum Imai for producing intracellular polysaccharide and extracellular polysaccharide was optimized by response surface methodology. The effects of carbon source, nitrogen source and mineral salt on polysaccharide production were examined by single factor experiments, glucose and yeast was found to be the best carbon source and nitrogen source. Based on this, the optimization of the Box-Benhnken design combined with response surface analysis showed that the optimal medium contained 40g/L glucose; 20g/L yeast extract; 0.40% KH2PO4; 0.40% MgSO4.The intracellular polysaccharide production and extracellular polysaccharide in medium reached 2.0512g/L and 2.394 g/L , respectively.
Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Imperatorin and Isoimperatorin from Roots of Angelica dahurica
Authors: Chen Yun , Yang Si Yu , Li Ning , Zhang Li Juan , Qian Yu
Published: July 2012

Imperatorin and isoimperatorin are important components of Angelica dahurica with many beneficial functions to human health. In this study, an ultrasound-assisted extraction technique has been developed for the fast extraction of imperatorin and isoimperatorin from Angelica dahurica root. The high extraction yield of imperatorin and isoimperatorin was obtained under optimum extraction conditions: ultrasonication time 20 min, extraction temperature 30°C, ultrasound power 240w, ethanol concentration 80%, and ratio of solvent volume to sample weight 12:1 (ml/g), particle size 60 meshes. Compared to heat-reflux extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction reduced extraction time and obtained higher percentage extracted of imperatorin and isoimperatorin. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that ultrasound could result in the destruction of cell walls, which increased the mass transfer rate of the solvents into the root materials
A Novel Way of Separation and Preparation Noncaffeine Tea Polyphenols from Green Tea Waste
Authors: Tan He Ping , Li Huai Ping , Song Hang , Xu Wen Ping , Guan Chi , Ran Li Ping
Published: July 2012

A simple, clean and economical way of separation and preparation noncaffeine tea polyphenols from green tea waste in one-step by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography was developed. 20% (v/v) ethanol solution was used for removing caffeine and other components in the first stepwise elution, and tea polyphenols was eluted with 60% (v/v) ethanol solution by using reversed flow in the second stepwise elution. The yield of tea polyphenols above 11% with the purity about 98% and the content of catechins more than 91%, and the content of caffeine in tea polyphenols have not been detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. The recovery of tea polyphenols by column chromatography were about 86%, and the stability of preparative way is very good. Compared with conventional extraction and decaffeination ways, this way has more excellent advantages, such as cheaper raw material, no toxic residues, higher yield, commercially feasible and environment friendly.
Study on Photocatalytic Performance of Nb Doped Rutile TiO2 Treated by Ultrasonic
Authors: Wu Dao Xin , Tong Hai Xia , Xia Chang Bin
Published: July 2012

The thermal decomposition behavior of precursor of Nb doped rutile TiO2were prepared by sol-gel method. With ultrasonic treatment of 100W and 30min were investigated in TG-DSC, XRD and DRS. It has been shown that ultrasonic treatment could be made use of the phase transition. The absorbing performance of Nb doped rutile TiO2treated by ultrasonic was better than that of without treatment while wavelength above 400nm. It has been shown that Nb doped TiO2powders(1.0%,850°C) treated by ultrasonic has been better photodegradation efficiency, and the degradation efficiency was 94.2% after 6h.
Detection of Pork in High Tenperature Processed Food by Taqman Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Fan Li Li , Ding Hong Liu , Fu Chun Ling , Li Pei
Published: July 2012

A rapid real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on Taqman technique has been developed for the qualitative analysis of pork in high temperature processed food. Specific primers and probe were designed to the conserved region of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, amplifying a 98bp fragment. Speciation was achieved using this assay, showing no cross-amplification with cattle, sheep, chicken and duck DNA while Ct (cycle threshold) of PCR for negative sample was limited to 35 cycles. This assay was sensitive to detect 1pg of pork template DNA. Meat mixtures spiked with 1-10% pork were successfully tested, which demonstrated the suitability of the assay for determination of swine-derived ingredient in food. The system is highly sensitive and specific, and will be useful for swine species identification of animal-derived processed products.
Effects of Na2WO4 Additive on Properties of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coatings on 6061 Al Alloy
Authors: Chen Xi Di , Cai Qi Zhou , Yin Li Song
Published: July 2012

Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) ceramic coatings were prepared on 6061 aluminum alloy substrate in silicate based electrolyte with and without Na2WO4additive with different pulse frequency. The composition, surface morphology and corrosion resistance of PEO coatings were investigated by means of SEM, XRD, potentiodynamic polarization and EIS measurement in a 3.5% NaCl solution. These results show that Na2WO4can contributing to the transition from the metastable γ-Al2O3to a better thermal stability α-Al2O3, while has certain inhibitory effect on the deposition of SiO32-anion on the surface during the plasma discharge process. After adding Na2WO4in the electrolyte, the surface layer of PEO coatings are more smoother and less distinctly discharge holes appear which leads to the PEO coatings have better corrosion resistance than those of samples coated in the electrolyte without Na2WO4additive.
Turbulent Mass Transfer Simulations of Binary Electrolyte in Parallel-Plate Electrode Channel
Authors: Zhou Xiao Lan , Liu Cai Xi , Dong Yu Hong
Published: July 2012

Electrochemical mass transfer in turbulent flows and binary electrolytes is investigated. The primary objective is to provide information about mass transfer in the near-wall region between a solid boundary and a turbulent fluid flow at different Schmidt numbers. Based on the computational fluid dynamics and electrochemistry theories, a model for turbulent electrodes channel flow is established. The turbulent mass transfer in electrolytic processes has been predicted by the direct numerical simulation method under limiting current and galvanostatic conditions, we investigate mean concentration and the structure of the concentration fluctuating filed for different Schmidt numbers from 0.1 to 100 .The effect of different concentration boundary conditions at the electrodes on the near-wall turbulence statistics is also discussed.
Recovering Nano-Sized SnO2 from Electronic Wastes by Ultrasonic-Assisted Electrochemical Method
Authors: Shi Jian Jun , Wang Sheng , He Ting Ting , Zhou Dao Yuan
Published: July 2012

Tin dioxide nanoparticles were directly one-step recovered from electronic wastes using ultrasonic-assisted electrochemical method. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which indicated that the average size of tetragonal SnO2 is 100 nm. The experiment parameters, such as the concentration of electrolyte, electrolysis current, reaction time and electrode distance, were also discussed. The proposed method is high energy efficient, non-toxic and environment-friendly, and suitable for the recovering of electronic wastes under the controllable reaction condition at room temperature.
A Novel Method for the Preparation of PAN/β-CD/Cu Catalyst
Authors: Li Chun Ping , Duan Hui Jie , Bai Jie , Xu Tong
Published: July 2012

In this paper, we reported an approach to fabricate PAN/β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) composite nanofibre with copper nanoparticles (NPs) grown on the surface by the simple electrospinning process. In the experiment, electrospinning method, soaking and adsorption method, together with reduction method were used to achieve the aim of coating. The final product was characterized using scanning electronic microscope (SEM), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
A Simplified Computational Method for Overall Risk Probability in Probabilistic Health Risk Assessments of Environmental Pollutants
Authors: Zhang Wen Mei , Yu Qi Ming J. , Cao Qi Ming , Connell Des W.
Published: July 2012

In the assessment of health risks of environmental pollutants, both conventional methods and probabilistic methods based on the use of cumulative probability plots have been used. Probabilistic risk assessment has the advantage that the statistical distributions of both the exposure data set and the adverse effect data set are taken into account in risk characterization. In addition, the method of overall risk probability (ORP) has been used to quantify the overall risk probability of adverse effects for the population samples. The disadvantage is that many more data points are needed to obtain the cumulative probability plots and the calculation of the ORP from the probability plots is more complicated. In this paper, a simplified computational method for the estimation of the ORP was developed. In this method, an overall risk factor (ORF), as an estimated value of the ORP value, was obtained from the mid-point of an exposure exceedence curve. The ORF can also be obtained from an inversed cumulative probability plot of the exposure curve, thus eliminating the needs for the use of the exposure exceedence curve and the numerical integration of the exceedence curve in ORP computation. The use of ORF method was illustrated with a practical example and the results indicated that the values of the ORF and ORP are about the same.
Synthesis and Dyeing Performance of N,N-Bis(2-cyanoethyl)-m-methylaniline Disperse Dyes
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhao Ying , Yu Ze Hua , Wan Xiao Qiao , Li Wen Lan
Published: July 2012

Four di-cyanoethyl azo disperse dyes based on N,N-bis(2-cyanoethyl)-m-methylaniline were synthesized using four different heterocyclic aromatic amines as the diazo components. They were characterized by UV-Vis, IR, 1HNMR, MS and EA. The dyeing performance of these dyes were assessed on polyester, fir powder, and acetylated fir powder. On polyester, the results showed that the maxinum absorption of four heterocyclic azo disperse dyes were from 414 nm to 599 nm(acetone), they were also found to show a wide range of colour shades followed as yellow, bright crimson, bulish violet and blue shades, the dyed fibers also presented good light fastness and excellent fastness to wash. Simultaneously, the dyeing performance of the dyes were also assessed on acetylated fir powder and they were found to give the similar color shades comparing with the dyeing on polyester fiber.
Impact of SRT on Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification in a Carrousel Oxidation Ditch for Sewage Treatment
Authors: Chen Yi Ming
Published: July 2012

The impact of SRT on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) in the Carrousel Oxidation Ditch was carried out based on pilot-scale to treat low COD/TN municipal sewage. The impact factor, sludge retention time (SRT), was investigated on the occurrence of SND. The experiment results showed that in the oxygen-deficient environment whose DO was 0.3 mg/L, R of 50%, MLSS of 4000 mg/L, the treatment efficiency achieved the best with SRT of 20 d, the COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen (TN) of effluent were lower than 32 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 13 mg/L, respectively, which was observed efficient phenomenon of SND. Overall, these results demonstrated that the Carrousel Oxidation Ditch with the occurrence of SND could have the potential to treat low C/N sewage.
Advances in Graphene for Adsorption of Heavy Metals in Wastewater
Authors: Luo Ling Ling , Gu Xing Xing , Wu Jun , Zhong Shu Xian , Chen Jian Rong
Published: July 2012

Graphene for its unique physical structure, excellent mechanical, electrical and physical properties has been widely applied in nanoelectronics, microelectronics, energy storage material, composite materials and so on. In recent years, many researchers found graphene have outstanding adsorption capacity of contaminants in aqueous solution due to its high specific surface area. This paper summarized the graphene, graphene oxide and functionalized graphene removing various heavy metals in waste water.
Research on Intensive Nutrients Removal of the Low C/N Sewage
Authors: Qiu Gao Shun , Qiu Ling Feng , Zhang Jian , Chen Yi Ming
Published: July 2012

This paper was based on Carrousel oxidation ditch, which was common in the urban sewage treatment plants. With the effect of SND in the oxidation ditch, it was accomplished the effective removal for nitrogen and phosphorus of urban sewage with low C/N, while adopting point-aeration and brush flow, combining with the operation parameters adjustment. Under the condition of low dissolved oxygen (DO), the phenomenon of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification was obvious in macro and micro environments. And compared with the traditional process, this process increased the proportion of organics up to 51% in the ditch, which raised utilization rate of organics. Based on this to establish the kinetics model of TN removal, it could control the concentration of TN in the effluent effectively by adjusting HRT, MLSS and other parameters in the oxidation ditch, which would provide effective theory basis for optimization and adjustment of the process
Characterization of HAFPAM and its Application in Wastewater Regeneration Treatment with OTAB
Authors: Li Wen Bing , Wang Guang Hua , Liu Wen Min , Tian Dong
Published: July 2012

The inorganic-organic hybrid polymer HAFPAM was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Elemental analysis. Its application with the synergistic effect of OTAB in coking wastewater regeneration treatment was also investigated. The results showed that PAFC was grafted onto CPAM chains through coordinate bonds due to hydroxyl crosslinking. The CODCr and chroma removal rates can reach 59.09% and 87.5% when the dose of OTAB is 50 mg/L, and Subscript textthe effluent can meet the quality standard of reclaimed water. SEM analysis showed OTAB can improve the sedimentation process.
Pilot Study on Nanofiltration Seawater Softening for SWRO Desalination
Authors: Su Bao Wei , Wang Yu Hong , Gao Xue Li
Published: July 2012

Seawater desalination has long been recognized as an important method for the solution of the world fresh water shortage, especially seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) desalination. Recently the issue is again being raised for the newly developed pretreatment technology using nanofiltration (NF) membrane which has special separation properties owing to the charge characteristics of its surface separation layer. In this study, two kinds of commercial NF membrane have been studied in a pilot UF-NF Integrated Membrane System (IMS). Operating conditions was investigated and the results show that NF can be effectively used for the softening of seawater and provide excellent feed for SWRO.
Adsorption of Pb(ll) on Activated Carbon Treated by Nitric Acid
Authors: Tan Xiao Yan , Zhao Fang , Wen Rui Zhi , Dai Yu
Published: July 2012

Commercially available coal-based activated carbon was treated with different concentration of nitric acid. The resultant samples were used to adsorb lead from aqueous solution. N2 adsorption, Boehm titration, point of zero charge (pHPZC) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the samples. Acidic pH is favorable for Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption. The acidic groups increase significantly with the increment of the concentration of nitric acid during the treatment. The carboxylic groups of surface carbon play an important role in the adsorption process.
Comparison of Different Ion-Exchangers’ Performances for Removal of Cadmium(ll) from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Liang Chun Bo , Li Ming Yu , Zeng Qing Xuan
Published: July 2012

In this paper, comparison of the ion-exchange characteristics of removal cadmium (Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution was investigated. In the experiments, three strong cation-exchangers, 732 resin, K-1 fiber and ZB-1 fiber with sulfonate groups, weak cationic exchanger 724 resin with carboxylate groups and X-1 chelating fiber with diethylamino functional groups as well as the AK-22 amphoteric fiber with amino and carboxylate groups were used. In the pH value range from 2.0 to 7.0, all the candidate materials had the maximal removal Cd (Ⅱ) up to 98% except AK-22 (only 65%). The loading and eluting kinetics results showed that the exchange rate of ion-exchange fibers (especially ZB-1) were higher than ion-exchange resins. Therefore, it was found that ZB-1 ion-exchange fiber was the most effective for removal and elution of Cd (Ⅱ) and had the potential application for the puriﬁcation of waters polluted by Cd (Ⅱ).
Study of Making Advanced Corrugated Paper from Mixing Paper Sludge with Leather Wastes
Authors: Wang Jian , Yu Li Fang , Wang Xiao Long
Published: July 2012

There was a certain amount of fibers in paper sludge, including the short fiber and small fiber. Collagen fiber was a compound with high bond energy, which can be reused from the leather solid waste, and contained many polar groups. Both fibers can be well combined with Hydrogen bond. So the collagen fiber and paper sludge were studied as raw materials, mixed with plant fiber, to make corrugated paper. The results showed that, when the wastes were used to make the corrugated paper, its central pressure indicators could reach its national standard.
Influence of Calcination Temperature of TiO2 Support on CuO/TiO2 Catalysts for NO + CO Reaction
Authors: Chen Hao Jin , Zou Han Bo , Lu Zhen Peng , Wu Jian Ye
Published: July 2012

A series of CuO/TiO2catalysts were prepared with sol-gel and impregnation method and characterized by TG-DSC、FTIR、XRD and H2-TPR. The effect of calcination temperature of TiO2carrier on the performance of CuO/TiO2for the NO + CO reaction was investigated. The results showed that CuO/TiO2(500°C, 15%) catalyst had superior catalytic activity with NO conversion and N2selectivity of 99.5% and 82.3% at 350°C, respectively. The activities of the CuO/TiO2catalysts were in the sequence of CuO/TiO2(500) > CuO/TiO2(600) > CuO/TiO2(700) > CuO/TiO2(400). Combined with TG-DSC and XRD patterns, the anatase phase transform into rutial phase at 462.9°C to 800°C in the TG-DSC patterns, while only rutile phase was present at 700°C in the XRD patterns. It indicated that CuO had a positive effect on phase transformation of TiO2from anatase to rutial. The IR spectra demonstrated that there were some organic ingredients left in the surface of TiO2 gel before calcination. The results of H2-TPR suggested that the highly dispersed CuO was present on the CuO/TiO2catalysts when the calcination temperature of TiO2gel was below 500°C. Mixed oxide of CuO and TiO2was formed when the calcination temperature of TiO2 gel was above 600°C.
Adsorption of Phosphate onto Slag from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Liu Bing Bing , Zhang Hua Yong , Zhang Lu Yi
Published: July 2012

Phosphate adsorption from aqueous solution using slag was investigated as the function of pH, contact time and adsorbent dosage. The results showed that the optimum value of pH was 2. Both Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isotherm model were fit to describe the phosphate adsorption, and the maximum adsorption capacity from Langmuir model calculated was 9.09 mg/L. The adsorption process on slag followed pseudo second-order kinetic. Due to the relatively high adsorption capacity, the slag has the potential for application to removal phosphate from wastewater.
Decolorization and Detoxication of Reactive Industrial Dyes by Immobilized Laccases
Authors: Yang Ge , Lu Ke Shuai , Su Xue Yan
Published: July 2012

Laccase immobilized on polyurethane foam cubes in bioreactors, were used to decolorize three industrial and model dyes at concentrations of 200, 1000 and 2000 ppm. Five sequential cycles were run for each dye and fungus. The activity of laccase, Mn-dependent and independent peroxidases, lignin peroxidase, and aryl-alcohol oxidase were daily monitored during the cycles and the toxicity ofmedia containing 1000 and 2000 ppm of each dye was assessed by the Lemna minor (duckweed) ecotoxicity test. Laccase was able to efficiently decolorize all dyes even at the highest concentration, and the duckweed test showed a significant reduction (p≤ 0.05) of the toxicity after the decolorization treatment. Laccase activities varied greatly and no clear correlation between decolorization and enzyme activity was obselved a high laccase activity during decolorization cycles. Laccase showed better decolorization and detoxication capability.
A Membrane-Aerated Bioreactor for Simulated Oilfield Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Qiang Cheng Cheng , Li Baoan , Zhang Jian
Published: July 2012

A membrane-aerated bioreactor (MABR) was developed for the wastewater treatment with simulated oilfield wastewater. Long-running experimental results showed that the removal percentages of oil and COD were 80-90% and 75-85% respectively and the concentration of NH4+-N was less than 2 mg/L, turbidity less than 50 NTU in the effluent. The results lay a good foundation for further research and development of MABR treatment process and technology. MABR has the technical feasibility for the oilfield wastewater treatment.
Progress of Recycling and Seperation of the Electrode Materials from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Wen Rui Ming , Qi Feng Pei , Hu Yong Jun , Liu Chang Hui , You Pei Qing
Published: July 2012

With the development of economy and electronic technology, Lithium-ion Batteries（LIBs）have become new flourishing energy-materials. With the wide utilization and consumption of them, there are large amounts of spent lithium-ion batteries produced. The LIBs contain many valued metals, and the recovery and utilization of them can not only reduce environmental pollution, but also slow the lack of resource effectively, increase social and economic benefit. These methods for recovery and separation of LIBs are introduced, and the existing problems and prospect of the recycling recovery technologies are put forward．
A Pilot-Scale Experimental Research on Biological Phosphorus Removal in a Modified SBR Treating Urban Wastewater
Authors: Li Jun , Tao Tao , Li Xue Bin , Li Jiong Hui
Published: July 2012

A pilot-scale modified SBR process was used to treat urban wastewater. The average NH4+-N efficiency removal was 98 %. The average TN removal efficiency was 52 %. The average TP removal efficiency was 85 %. The average COD removal efficiency was 85 %. The average effluent NH4+-N was 0.34 mg/L. The average effluent TN was 12 mg/L. The average effluent phosphorus was 0.75 mg/L. The average effluent COD was 35 mg/L. The result shows that the increase of 100 mg/L MLSS concentrations by proliferation or decrease of 100 mg/L MLSS concentrations by discharging residual sludge can remove 1 mg/L total phosphorus from wastewater. The faster the MLSS increases, the higher efficiency the phosphorus removal is achieved. When MLSS is fluctuating or decreasing, the phosphorus removal would be worse than MLSS increase. When MLSS increases 500 mg/L everyday, phosphorus removal efficiency would be very high; the average phosphorus removal efficiency would be higher than 90 % in the most urban wastewater treatment plant.
Photodegradation of Oily Waste Water Using Lanthanon-Doped TiO2
Authors: Zhang Zong Wei
Published: July 2012

Nano-TiO2 with photocatalytic activity were prepared by sol-gel progress. Nd3+ and Tb3+ were adoped to enhance the photocatalytic activity. TG, DTG ,UV etc were used to character Nano-TiO2.From TG Nd restrains the growth of grain and the conversion of anatase to rutile.This improves the TiO2 heat stability. photo-degradation of oily waste water on titanium dioxide under Xe lamp was investigated.The reaction also features the photocatalytic activity of Nano-TiO2.The results indicate that Tb and Nd adoption have a positive effect on the photo-degradation.Lanthanon into titania could efficiently extend photoactivity and expand the visible light response range.
Process Simulation and Optimization on Phenol Extraction for Coal-Gasification Wastewater
Authors: Yang Chu Fen , Guo Jian Wei , Yang Shi Ying , Wei Guan Feng
Published: July 2012

Coal-gasification wastewater is an industrial toxic wastewater with high concentration of phenols. To provide process parameters for industrial practice, simulation and optimization were carried out on the phenol removal process for coal-gasification wastewater which included phenol extraction, solvent distillation and residual solvent stripping. Calculation results showed that the optimized process parameters were as the following. When solvent ratio was 1:6, after four-stage extraction by methyl isobutyl ketone, the concentration of phenols in the wastewater can be reduced to below 200mg/L from 5000mg/L. While in the solvent distillation column, to make the solvent recycling usable and cut down solvent consumption, the column stages was recommended as 15, reflux ratio R as 0.1360, and feed stage as 10. Moreover, to recover the residual solvent in the wastewater, the number of theoretical stages for the stripper was proposed as 5, and distillate rate as 2388kg/hr.
Research on the Degradation of Phenanthrene with Potassium Ferrate and the Process by Fluorescence
Authors: Tan Xue Mei , Ji Fang Ying , Wang Xiao Dong , Yu Cheng Zhou
Published: July 2012

The degradation of phenanthrene by potassium ferrate was researched by means of multiple fluorescence spectroscopic methods such as emission, time-scan, excitation emission matrix (EEM) and photometry, with which the characteristics of phenanthrene molecular changes were discussed within degradation, especially, the kinetics of the degradation was obtained efficietly. From the experimental data, both synchlorous and EEM spectra showed that concentration of phenanthrene was reduced 69.5% degraded by potassium ferrate within 17 s, 91% within 57 s, and the reaction’s processing was very slowly after 57 s. The degradation’s kinetic equation: ln(F0/Ft)=5365.64 - 294.93t, (R2=0.9677), was obtained simply through a convenient way that just combined time-scan fluorescence, emission photometry. according to the kinetic equation, the degradation of phenanthrene by potassium ferrate was in accord with the order of the first order reaction. Which could provide a very usefull conference for the research of degradation of the other pollutants such as POPs by potassium ferrate.
Study on Using CBF to Treat High Nitrogen and Low Carbon Wastewater
Authors: Guan Shuo , Zhang Hong Tao , Wu Chun Xu , Cheng Lin Bo , Ning Tao
Published: July 2012

This study puts forward the Combined Biological Filter (CBF) as a new type of BAF for advanced treatment of industrial wastewater by changing its position of aeration, particularly for treating high nitrogen with low carbon wastewater. A chemical fertilizer plant is selected to put this set of CBF device after its wastewater treatment station. Methanol is used as external carbon resource for this CBF system. Operating parameters, such as the hydraulic loading rate and C/N ratio, are discussed to determine optimal ones: 0.64m3/ (m2•h) and 4:1. Path analysis is recorded to find different contribution of anoxic and aerobic zones of CBF reactor, and different working conditions are compared to find the best performance. CBF process could find further applications and improvement in engineering practices.
Utilization of Iron Tailings for High Strength Fired Brick
Authors: Guo Wei Juan , Du Gao Xiang , Zuo Ran Fang , Liao Jing Hui
Published: July 2012

his paper studies the feasibility of preparation high strength fired bricks from iron tailings with addition of clay and coal gangue. The results indicated that the optimum conditions were found to be that the hematite tailings content were 35%–50%; the firing temperature was 1000 °C. Under these conditions, the mechanical strength, the water absorption and the bulk density of the fired bricks were 21.17–26.14 MPa, 14.55–15.47% and 1.648–1.629g/cm3, respectively, these were well conformed to standards MU20 of Chinese Fired Common Bricks Standard (GB/T5101-2003).The phase composition and microstructure of the fired specimen were characterized by XRD and SEM. The results showed that the major crystalline phases present in fired brick were quartz, albite, amphibole, hematite and muscovite, and glass phase encapsulated and cement the crystalline phases forming strong entirety which promoted the strength of bricks.