bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Macular Telangiectasia type 2: multimodal assessment of retinal function and microstructure
Authors: Ledolter Anna A. , Ristl Robin , Palmowski‐Wolfe Anja M. , Montuoro Alessio , Deak Gabor G. , Sacu Stefan , Holder Graham E. , Schmidt‐Erfurth Ursula , Ritter Markus
Published: December 2021

Purpose

To assess the impact of neurodegenerative morphologic alterations due to macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel) on microperimetry (MP) and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG).

Methods

Thirty‐five eyes of 18 patients with MacTel were examined using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), mfERG and MP. Software was used to match SD‐OCT B‐scans with the corresponding retinal sensitivity map and multifocal electroretinograms (mfERGs), thus enabling direct structure/function correlation.

Results

Loss of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) had the strongest negative association with retinal sensitivity (16.77 dB versus 4.58 dB, adj. p < 0.001) of all parameters examined, and a limited negative effect on mfERGs (0.32 SD versus −1.97 SD adj. p = 0.121). Ellipsoid zone (EZ) irregularity was associated with reduced MP values but preserved mfERGs. There was a significant association between areas of inner retinal hyporeflectivity and loss of MP sensitivity (adj. p < 0.001) but the reduction in sensitivity was less than in locations with EZ loss. Areas of mfERG abnormality showed similar sensitivity loss with either inner retinal hyporeflectivity or EZ loss (adj. p = 0.063). In areas with EZ loss alone, preservation of the external limiting membrane (ELM) was associated with higher MP values than in areas with additional ELM loss; the integrity of the ELM alone was not associated with changes either in MP or mfERG. Increased FAF was observed in 51% of eyes, mixed/reduced FAF in 40%, and no abnormality was detected in 9% of eyes.

Conclusion

The data suggest both MP and mfERG to be useful non‐invasive modalities for detecting localised macular dysfunction in MacTel. The findings suggest a different sensitivity of the two modalities to inner and outer retinal changes in macular function and are therefore complementary.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: the effectiveness of either ustekinumab or vedolizumab in patients with Crohn's disease refractory to anti‐tumour necrosis factor
Authors: Parrot Laurène , Dong Catherine , Carbonnel Franck , Meyer Antoine
Published: December 2021

Background

Ustekinumab and vedolizumab are commonly used after anti‐tumour necrosis factor (TNF) failure in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). No randomised controlled trial has compared these drugs.

Aims

To compare the effectiveness of ustekinumab and vedolizumab in CD patients refractory to anti‐TNF.

Methods

From PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library, through March 27, 2021, we identified studies that compared ustekinumab and vedolizumab in patients with CD refractory to anti‐TNF. The main outcomes were clinical remission and steroid‐free clinical remission at weeks 14 and 52. Secondary outcomes were biological remission and treatment persistence. We computed pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using random effects meta‐analysis.

Results

We identified 1513 reports. Among them, 38 studies were assessed for eligibility and five studies were included. All studies included were of high quality: four were retrospective and one was prospective. Among 1026 patients, 659 received ustekinumab and 367 received vedolizumab. At week 14, clinical remission (OR 1.36; 95%CI: 0.74‐2.47; I2 = 50%), steroid‐free clinical remission (OR 1.24; 95%CI: 0.79‐1.92; I2 = 52%) and biological remission (OR 0.80; 95%CI: 0.50‐1.28; I2 = 0%) rates were similar between the two treatments. At week 52, ustekinumab was associated with higher rates of clinical remission (OR 1.87; 95% CI: 1.18‐2.98; I2 = 0%), steroid‐free clinical remission (OR 1.56; 95% CI: 1.23‐1.97; I2 = 0%), biological remission (OR 1.86; 95% CI: 1.03‐3.37; I2 = 29%) and treatment persistence (OR 2.37; 95% CI: 1.56‐3.62; I2 = 0%).

Conclusion

In patients with CD refractory to anti‐TNF, ustekinumab and vedolizumab are similarly effective in induction, but as maintenance treatment, ustekinumab appears to be more effective than vedolizumab.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: one‐year outcomes of gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy for refractory gastroparesis
Authors: Kamal Faisal , Khan Muhammad Ali , Lee‐Smith Wade , Sharma Sachit , Acharya Ashu , Jowhar Dawit , Farooq Umer , Aziz Muhammad , Kouanda Abdul , Dai Sun‐Chuan , Howden Colin W. , Munroe Craig A.
Published: December 2021

Background

Several studies have examined the efficacy of gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy (G‐POEM) for gastroparesis.

Aim

To evaluate the mid‐term efficacy of G‐POEM by meta‐analysis of studies with a minimum 1 year of follow‐up.

Methods

We reviewed several databases from inception to 10 June 2021 to identify studies that evaluated the efficacy of G‐POEM in refractory gastroparesis, and had at least 1 year of follow‐up. Our outcomes of interest were clinical success at 1 year, adverse events, difference in mean pre‐ and 1 year post‐procedure Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI) score, and difference in mean pre‐ and post‐procedure EndoFLIP measurements. We analysed data using a random‐effects model and assessed heterogeneity by I2 statistic.

Results

We included 10 studies comprising 482 patients. Pooled rates (95% CI) of clinical success at 1 year and adverse events were 61% (49%, 71%) and 8% (6%, 11%), respectively. Mean GCSI at 1 year post‐procedure was significantly lower than pre‐procedure; mean difference (MD) (95% CI) −1.4 (−1.9, −0.9). Mean post‐procedure distensibility index was significantly higher than pre‐procedure in the clinical success group at 40 and 50 mL volume distension; standardised mean difference (95% CI) 0.82 (0.07, 1.64) and 0.91 (0.32, 1.49), respectively. In the clinical failure group, there was no significant difference between mean pre‐ and post‐procedure EndoFLIP measurements.

Conclusions

G‐POEM is associated with modest clinical success at 1 year. Additional studies with longer follow‐up are required to evaluate its longer‐term efficacy.
An experience of total laparoscopic partial colectomy with intracorporeal triangulating anastomosis in an obese patient with descending colon cancer
Authors: Okita Atsushi , Tsukuda Kazunori , Yamamoto Sumiharu , Ikeya Nanami , Yokoyama Nobuji
Published: December 2021

A 68‐year‐old woman was transferred to the emergency room of Okayama City Hospital because of worsening epigastric pain. After the examination, she was diagnosed with descending colon cancer, and laparoscopic colectomy was planned. However, exteriorization of the bowels to produce anastomosis was difficult because the rich adipose tissue of the mesocolon hardly stretched, and the abdominal wall was thick as the patient was obese. Therefore, an intracorporeal triangulating end‐to‐end anastomosis was performed. The colon was divided at 10 cm either side from the tumor using an endoscopic linear stapler. After the resection of the stumps with staples, the posterior walls were tied with stay sutures and then stapled with an endoscopic linear stapler. The anterior wall was stapled twice in the same manner, and the intracorporeal anastomosis was completed. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful. This technique provided an alternative intracorporeal anastomotic technique as troubleshooting in laparoscopic colectomy.
Information‐theoretic approach in allometric scaling relations of DNA and proteins
Authors: Adiguzel Yekbun
Published: December 2021

Allometric scaling relations can be observed in between molecular parameters. Hence, we looked for presence of such relation among sizes (i.e., lengths) of proteins and genes. Protein lengths exist in the literature as the number of amino acids. They can also be derived from the mRNA lengths. Here, we looked for allometric scaling relation by using such data and simultaneously, the data was compared with the sizes of genes and proteins that were obtained from our modified information‐theoretic approach. Results implied presence of scaling relation in the calculated results. This was expected due to the implemented modification in the information‐theoretic calculation. Relation in the literature‐based data was lacking high goodness of fit value. It could be due to physical factors and selective pressures, which ended up in deviations of the literature‐sourced values from those in the model. Genome size is correlated with cell size. Intracellular volume, which is related to the DNA size, would require certain number of proteins, the sizes of which can therefore be correlated with the protein sizes. Cell sizes, genome sizes, and average protein and gene sizes, along with the number of proteins, namely the expression levels of the genes, are the physical factors, and the molecular factors influence those physical factors. The selective pressures on those can act through the connection between those physical factors and limit the dynamic ranges. Biological measures could be prone to such forces and are likely to deviate from expected models, regardless of the validity of assumptions, unless those are also implemented in the models. Yet, present discrepancies could be pointing at the need for model improvement, data imperfection, invalid assumptions, etc. Still, current work highlights possible use of information‐theoretic approach in allometric scaling relations' studies.
Randomized controlled pilot trial with ion‐exchange water softeners to prevent eczema (SOFTER trial)
Authors: Jabbar‐Lopez Z. K. , Ezzamouri B. , Briley A. , Greenblatt D. , Gurung N. , Chalmers J. R. , Thomas K. S. , Frost T. , Kezic S. , Common J. E. A. , Danby S. , Cork M. J. , Peacock J. L. , Flohr C.
Published: December 2021

Background

Observational studies suggest an increased risk of eczema in children living in hard versus soft water areas, and there is, therefore, an interest in knowing whether softening water may prevent eczema. We evaluated the feasibility of a parallel‐group assessor‐blinded pilot randomized controlled trial to test whether installing a domestic ion‐exchange water softener before birth in hard water areas reduces the risk of eczema in infants with a family history of atopy.

Methods

Pregnant women living in hard water areas (>250 mg/L calcium carbonate) in and around London UK, were randomized 1:1 antenatally to either have an ion‐exchange water softener installed in their home or not (ie to continue to receive usual domestic hard water). Infants were assessed at birth and followed up for 6 months. The main end‐points were around feasibility, the primary end‐point being the proportion of eligible families screened who were willing and able to be randomized. Clinical end‐points were evaluated including frequency of parent‐reported doctor‐diagnosed eczema and visible eczema on skin examination. Descriptive analyses were conducted, and no statistical testing was performed as this was a pilot study.

Results

One hundred and forty‐nine families screened were eligible antenatally and 28% (41/149) could not have a water softener installed due to technical reasons or lack of landlord approval. Eighty of 149 (54%) were randomized, the primary end‐point. Two participants withdrew immediately after randomization, leaving 39 participants in each arm (78 total). Attrition was 15% (12/78) by 6 months postpartum. All respondents (n = 69) to the study acceptability questionnaire reported that the study was acceptable. Fifty‐six of 708 (7.9%) water samples in the water softener arm were above the hard water threshold of 20 mg/L CaCO3. At 6 months of age 27/67 infants (40%) developed visible eczema, 12/36 (33%) vs. 15/31 (48%) in the water softener and control groups, respectively, difference −15% (95% CI −38, 8.3%), with most assessments (≥96%) remaining blinded. Similarly, a lower proportion of infants in the water softener arm had parent‐reported, doctor‐diagnosed eczema by 6 months compared to the control arm, 6/17 (35%) versus 9/19 (47%), difference −12% (95% CI −44, 20%).

Conclusion

A randomized controlled trial of water softeners for the prevention of atopic eczema in high‐risk infants is feasible and acceptable. Trial registration: NCT03270566 (clinicaltrials.gov)
Differential population trends align with migratory connectivity in an endangered shorebird
Authors: Morrick Zaine N. , Lilleyman Amanda , Fuller Richard A. , Bush Robert , Coleman Jonathan T. , Garnett Stephen T. , Gerasimov Yuri N. , Jessop Roz , Ma Zhijun , Maglio Grace , Minton Clive D. T. , Syroechkovskiy Evgeny , Woodworth Bradley K.
Published: December 2021

Migratory connectivity describes the extent to which migratory species' populations are connected throughout the annual cycle. While recognized as critical for understanding the population dynamics of migratory species and conserving them, empirical evidence of links between migratory connectivity and population dynamics are uncommon. We analyzed associations between spatiotemporal connectivity and differential population trends in a declining and endangered migratory shorebird, the far eastern curlew (Numenius madagascariensis), with multiyear tracking data from across the Australian nonbreeding grounds. We found evidence of temporal and spatial segregation during migration and breeding: curlew from southeast Australia initiated northward migration earlier, arrived at breeding sites earlier, and bred at lower latitudes than curlew from northwest Australia. Analysis of land modification intensity revealed that populations from southeast Australia face greater human impacts compared to those from northwest Australia at both the breeding and nonbreeding grounds, a pattern that aligns with steeper population declines in southeast Australia. This alignment between migratory connectivity, human impacts, and differential population change highlights the importance of a full annual cycle approach to conservation that includes mitigating threats on the breeding grounds and better protecting nonbreeding habitats in Australia where far eastern curlew spend over half of each year.
Marginal allografts in liver transplantation have a limited impact on length of stay
Authors: Goff Cameron , Zhang Theodore , McDonald Malcolm , Anand Adrish , Galvan Nhu Thao Nguyen , Kanwal Fasiha , Cholankeril George , Hernaez Ruben , Goss John A. , Rana Abbas
Published: December 2021

The study of marginal liver transplant outcomes, including post‐transplant length of stay (LOS), is necessary for determining the practicality of their use. 50 155 patients who received transplants from 2012 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed with data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database using Kaplan‐Meier survival curves and multivariable Cox regression. Six different definitions were used to classify an allograft as being marginal: 90th percentile Donor Risk Index (DRI) allografts, donation after cardiac death (DCD) donors, national share donors, donors over 70, donors with > 30% macrovesicular steatosis, or 90th percentile Discard Risk Index donors. 24% (n = 12 124) of subjects received marginal allografts. Average LOS was 15.6 days among those who received standard allografts. Among those who received marginal allografts, LOS was found to be highest in those who received 90th percentile DRI allografts at 15.6 days, and lowest in those who received DCD allografts at 12.7 days. Apart from fatty livers (95% CI .86–.98), marginal allografts were not associated with a prolonged LOS. We conclude that accounting for experience and recipient matching, transplant centers may be more aggressive in their use of extended criteria donors with limited fear of increasing LOS and its associated costs.
Kaposi sarcoma: What to do with a negative human herpesvirus 8 immunohistochemical stain?
Authors: Buhle Anna C. , Phillips Mariana A. , Hijazi Yasmine M. , Wiid Michael , Grider Douglas J.
Published: December 2021

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is an intermediate vascular sarcoma that can cause significant morbidity and mortality in patients if left untreated. It is associated with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8) infection. Definitive diagnosis is supported by classic histopathology including slit‐like vascular spaces, spindle cells, lymphocyte infiltration, and extravasated red blood cells on H&E stain and positive immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for HHV‐8. We present a challenge we encountered in detecting HHV‐8 by IHC in a mucosal lesion demonstrating classic histopathology for KS.
New technologies to improve bycatch mitigation in industrial tuna fisheries
Authors: Poisson François , Budan Pierre , Coudray Sylvain , Gilman Eric , Kojima Takahito , Musyl Michael , Takagi Tsutomu
Published: December 2021

For many years, tremendous effort has been dedicated to developing new industrial tuna fisheries, while their adverse impacts on threatened marine species have received relatively little attention. In tuna fisheries, bycatch is the major anthropogenic threat to marine megafauna in general, particularly sharks. Research on the development of gear technology for bycatch reduction and potential mitigation measures helped tuna Regional Fisheries Management Organizations adopt bycatch reduction management measures. After reviewing past research on the development of mitigation measures for pelagic longline and tropical purse seine fisheries based on pelagic species' behaviours, we describe promising new approaches integrating recent technological breakthroughs. New innovations include autonomous underwater vehicles carrying cameras along with miniaturized sensors, aerial drones, computer simulation of fishing gear geometry, environmental DNA assays, computer visualizations and deep learning. The successful application of such tools and methods promises to improve our understanding of factors that influence capture, escape and stress of caught species. Moreover, results emerging from recent ethological research explaining the power of social connection and learning in the “fish world” such as social learning from congeners, habituation to deterrents, and how past fishery interactions affect responses to fishing gear should be taken into account when developing technical mitigation measures.
Diarrhea and angiotensin II receptor blockers: Is there any difference between the different drugs?
Authors: Guion‐Firmin Julia , Tessier Samuel , Montastruc Jean‐Louis
Published: December 2021

Diarrhea is an adverse drug reaction (ADR) widely reported with olmesartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB). Isolated case reports described this ADR with other ARBs. The present study was performed to investigate if, among the different ARBs, some drugs are more at risk of diarrhea than others. Using VigiBase®, the WHO pharmacovigilance database, we performed a disproportionality analysis (case/noncase study). Cases were reports with the MedDRA PT term « diarrhea » and noncases all other reports registered during the same period in Vigibase® from April 6, 1995 to December 31, 2020. After comparison of ARBs and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), the main analysis was a comparison of the diarrhea reporting risk between each ARB and the seven other ARBs. Results are reported as reporting odds ratio (ROR) adjusted on age, gender, exposure to antihypertensive, and antidiabetic drugs with their 95% confidence interval. Among the 22,429,334 deduplicated reports registered in VigiBase® during the study period, 73,507 involved ARBs, including 2119 diarrhea. The reporting risk of diarrhea was higher with ARBs than with ACEIs (ROR = 2.06 (1.55–2.17)). Diarrhea with ARBs mainly occurred in females with a mean age of 65 years. After exclusion of olmesartan (to minimize a notoriety bias), two ARBs were significantly associated with diarrhea: eprosartan (ROR = 1.93 (1.32–2.72) and telmisartan (ROR = 1.41 (1.23–1.62) but not the six others. The present study found first that diarrhea is more frequently reported with ARBs than with ACEIs and second that the risk of diarrhea differs according to the different ARBs. Diarrhea with ARBs is not a class effect.
The Ideal Man and Woman: South Korean Children's Body Image Perceptions
Authors: Han Tae‐Im , Kim Hwewon
Published: December 2021

This study examined the ideal man and woman as described by kindergarteners in South Korea and assessed gender differences in body image perceptions. A mixed‐methods approach was employed by analyzing qualitative and quantitative data obtained from 189 children. Depiction of the ideal woman was more appearance‐focused than that of the ideal man. Furthermore, girls were more influenced by Western standards of physical attractiveness and had greater levels of appearance dissatisfaction and weight concerns than boys. By examining children’s perception of gender ideals and body concerns, gender identity development in early childhood and awareness of appearance‐related social pressure can be better understood.
Perceived Adequacy of Resources: Reprise on a Useful Research Tool
Authors: Nickols Sharon Y.
Published: December 2021

Researchers, educators, counselors, and policy‐makers use information gathered from specific populations and the public at large to identify and understand their perceptions of well‐being. Perceived Adequacy of Resources (PAR), a comprehensive exploration of individual’s assessment of their resources in seven domains of living, was developed in the 1980s and has been validated as a reliable measure. In response to requests for the inventory, a summary of items in the PAR inventory is provided to facilitate further research on the topic.
The Selection Process for Outstanding Papers and Emerging Scholars
Authors: DeVaney Sharon A.
Published: December 2021

Each article that is published in the Family & Consumer Sciences Research Journal during the year is considered in January of the following year for a Best Paper award. The Associate Editors for each subdiscipline choose the best paper in that subdiscipline based on three criteria: originality of the topic, strength of the research methodology, and potential for a lasting contribution to family and consumer sciences. Then, these papers are considered for the Outstanding Paper award. Another award focuses on tenure track Assistant Professors; it is titled the Emerging Scholar Award. Since 2009, the award winners have been honored at the annual conference of the American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences (AAFCS).
Vegetation green‐up date is more sensitive to permafrost degradation than climate change in spring across the northern permafrost region
Authors: Wang Jian , Liu Desheng
Published: December 2021

Global climate change substantially influences vegetation spring phenology, that is, green‐up date (GUD), in the northern permafrost region. Changes in GUD regulate ecosystem carbon uptake, further feeding back to local and regional climate systems. Extant studies mainly focused on the direct effects of climate factors, such as temperature, precipitation, and insolation; however, the responses of GUD to permafrost degradation caused by warming (i.e., indirect effects) remain elusive yet. In this study, we examined the impacts of permafrost degradation on GUD by analyzing the long‐term trend of satellite‐based GUD in relation to permafrost degradation measured by the start of thaw (SOT) and active layer thickness (ALT). We found significant trends of advancing GUD, SOT, and thickening ALT (p < 0.05), with a spatially averaged slope of −2.1 days decade−1, −4.1 days decade−1, and +1.1 cm decade−1, respectively. Using partial correlation analyses, we found more than half of the regions with significantly negative correlations between spring temperature and GUD became nonsignificant after considering permafrost degradation. GUD exhibits dominant‐positive (37.6% vs. 0.6%) and dominant‐negative (1.8% vs. 35.1%) responses to SOT and ALT, respectively. Earlier SOT and thicker ALT would enhance soil water availability, thus alleviating water stress for vegetation green‐up. Based on sensitivity analyses, permafrost degradation was the dominant factor controlling GUD variations in 41.7% of the regions, whereas only 19.6% of the regions were dominated by other climatic factors (i.e., temperature, precipitation, and insolation). Our results indicate that GUDs were more sensitive to permafrost degradation than direct climate change in spring among different vegetation types, especially in high latitudes. This study reveals the significant impacts of permafrost degradation on vegetation GUD and highlights the importance of permafrost status in better understanding spring phenological responses to future climate change.
Multi‐model projections of tree species performance in Quebec, Canada under future climate change
Authors: Boulanger Yan , Pascual Jesus , Bouchard Mathieu , D'Orangeville Loïc , Périé Catherine , Girardin Martin P.
Published: December 2021

Many modelling approaches have been developed to project climate change impacts on forests. By analysing ‘comparable’ yet distinct variables (e.g. productivity, growth, dominance, biomass, etc.) through different structures, parameterizations and assumptions, models can yield different outcomes to rather similar initial questions. This variability can lead to some confusion for forest managers when developing strategies to adapt forest management to climate change. In this study, we standardized results from seven different models (Habitat suitability, trGam, StandLEAP, Quebec Landscape Dynamics, PICUS, LANDIS‐II and LPJ‐LMfire) to provide a simple and comprehensive assessment of the uncertainty and consensus in future performance (decline, status quo, improvement) for six tree species in Quebec under two radiative forcing scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). Despite a large diversity of model types, we found a high level of agreement (73.1%) in projected species' performance across species, regions, scenarios and time periods. Low agreements in model outcomes resulted from small dissensions among models. Model agreement was much higher for cold‐tolerant species (up to 99.9%), especially in southernmost forest regions and under RCP 8.5, indicating that these species are especially sensitive to increased climate forcing in the southern part of their distribution range. Lower agreement was found for thermophilous species (sugar maple, yellow birch) in boreal regions under RCP 8.5 mostly as a result of the way the different models are handling natural disturbances (e.g. wildfires) and lags in the response of populations (forest inertia or migration capability) to climate change. Agreement was slightly higher under high anthropogenic climate forcing, suggesting that important thresholds in species‐specific performance might be crossed if radiative forcing reach values as high as those projected under RCP 8.5. We expect that strong agreement among models despite their different assumptions, predictors and structure should inspire the development of forest management strategies to be better adapted to climate change.
Understanding and managing the interactive impacts of growth in urban land use and climate change on freshwater biota: A case study using the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
Authors: Coleman Rhys A. , Chee Yung En , Bond Nick R. , Weeks Andrew , Griffiths Josh , Serena Melody , Williams Geoff A. , Walsh Christopher J.
Published: December 2021

Globally, urban expansion and climate change interact to threaten stream ecosystems and are accelerating the loss of aquatic biodiversity. Waterway managers urgently need tools to understand the potential combined impacts of urbanization and climate change and to identify effective mitigating management interventions for protecting freshwater biota. We address this challenge using the semi‐aquatic mammal the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) as a focal species. We developed high‐resolution environmental spatial data for stream networks and spatially explicit habitat suitability models (HSMs) to explore the impact of threats and to identify the combination of management actions most likely to maintain or improve habitat suitability over the next 50 years in greater Melbourne, Australia. We developed and evaluated platypus HSMs (males‐and‐females and females‐only) including validation using an independent environmental DNA data set. Platypus occurred more commonly in larger, cooler streams with greater catchment‐weighted discharge, following periods of greater stream flow. They were positively associated with near‐stream forest cover and negatively associated with annual air temperature and urban stormwater runoff. Extensive reductions in suitable platypus habitat are predicted to occur under urbanization and climate change scenarios, with the greatest threat expected from reduced streamflows. This emphasizes the importance of maintaining flow regimes as part of conserving platypus in the region; however, substantial additional benefit is predicted by concurrent riparian revegetation and urban stormwater management efforts (that also have the potential to contribute to the streamflow objectives). Provision of adequate streamflows in a future with increasing water demands and water security requirements will likely require creative integrated water management solutions. Our high‐resolution stream network and HSMs have allowed predictions of potential range‐shifts due to urban expansion and climate change impacts at management‐relevant scales and at the whole‐of‐landscape scale. This has enabled systematic strategic planning, priority action planning and target setting in strategic policy development.
Embodying feminism: Donor demands and bridgework in Cambodian nongovernmental organizations
Authors: Wilks Mary‐Collier
Published: December 2021

This article illustrates how nongovernmental organization (NGO) workers in developing countries are pressured to present themselves as ideal feminist subjects to international donors. Previous research has highlighted the potential of NGOs to promote and support feminist change, but also the ways in which the agendas of such organizations are shaped by the demands of donors in the global North. Extending the literature on embodiment to investigate NGOs, this article introduces a new aspect of donor demands on NGO work: embodying feminism. Drawing from 30 in‐depth interviews and ethnographic observation in NGOs in Cambodia, I analyze two processes. First, I show how foreign donors demand specific presentations of self from Khmer NGO staff. Second, I analyze the ways in which Khmer employees make sense of these expectations, which require them to change their interaction style, manage their emotions, and transform their esthetic to present themselves as “good feminists” to donors. Documenting an understudied aspect of NGO work, I demonstrate how the visions of feminism and development promoted by international donors make demands on the bodies of Khmer workers.
Efficacy of an iodoform‐based filling material for pulpectomy of primary teeth: A 24‐month non‐inferiority randomized clinical trial
Authors: Bresolin Carmela R. , Marques Renata P. S. , Okamura Bruna , Costa Claudio , Moura‐Netto Cacio , Lara Juan S. , Mello‐Moura Anna Carolina V. , Mendes Fausto M.
Published: December 2021

Aim

The aim of this non‐inferiority randomized clinical trial was to compare the efficacy of an iodoform‐based paste (Guedes‐Pinto –(GP)) as a filling material in pulpectomies of primary teeth, and a standard material composed by calcium hydroxide and iodoform (CaOH/Iodof paste; Vitapex®).

Design

A total of 104 teeth from 61 children (3–8 years old) were randomly allocated to two groups according to filling materials. Children were followed up for 24 months. The primary endpoint was the treatment success rate evaluated through clinical and radiographic examinations at follow‐up, and the secondary outcome was the analysis of the canal filling quality. Differences in the proportion of treatment success was calculated based on 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and with the Miettinen and Nurminen method in the intention‐to‐treat population, considering a −20% of the non‐inferiority limit.

Results

From 104 randomized teeth, 102 were followed up after 24 months (attrition rate of 1.9%). The success rate of teeth treated with the GP paste was 86.8% (95% CI: 69.9–94.9) and 78.4% (95% CI: 61.8–89.1) with the CaOH/Iodof paste. Consequently, a non‐inferiority of the GP paste was observed when compared to the CaOH/Iodof paste (P < .001).

Conclusion

The GP paste has a non‐inferior success rate than the CaOH/Iodof paste used as filling material for pulpectomy in primary teeth.
Negative pressure wound therapy compared with conventional wound dressings for closed incisions in orthopaedic trauma surgery: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Xie Weiwei , Dai Lingyan , Qi Yameng , Jiang Xixi
Published: December 2021

We performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the effect of negative pressure wound therapy compared with conventional wound dressings on closed incisions in orthopaedic trauma surgery. A systematic literature search up to October 2021 was done and 12 studies included 3555 subjects with closed incisions in orthopaedic trauma surgery at the start of the study: 1833 of them were provided with negative pressure wound therapy and 1722 were conventional wound dressings. They were reporting relationships about the effect of negative pressure wound therapy compared with conventional wound dressings on closed incisions in orthopaedic trauma surgery. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the effect of negative pressure wound therapy compared with conventional wound dressings on closed incisions in orthopaedic trauma surgery using the dichotomous and continuous methods with a random or fixed‐effect model. Negative pressure wound therapy had significantly lower deep surgical site infection (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.48–0.88, P = .005), superficial surgical site infection (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.11–0.49, P = .31), and wound dehiscence (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.21–0.80, P = .009) compared with conventional wound dressings in subjects with closed incisions in orthopaedic trauma surgery. However, negative pressure wound therapy had no significant effect on the length of hospital stay (MD, 0.29; 95% CI, −2.00‐ 2.58, P = .80) compared with conventional wound dressings in subjects with closed incisions in orthopaedic trauma surgery. Negative pressure wound therapy had significantly lower deep surgical site infection, superficial surgical site infection, and wound dehiscence; however, negative pressure wound therapy had no beneficial effect on the length of hospital stay compared with conventional wound dressings in subjects with closed incisions in orthopaedic trauma surgery. Further studies are required to validate these findings.
Reflections of Grinnellian and Eltonian niches on the distribution of phyllostomid bats in the Atlantic Forest
Authors: Stevens Richard D.
Published: December 2021

Aim

Ecological niches are complex and result from interactions with biotic and abiotic environments across the entire geographic range of species. One recent distinction is between Grinnellian niche characteristics that reflect influences at large spatial scales such as climate and Eltonian niche characteristics that reflect influences at the local level such as distribution of resources and their allocation among species. Aims of this research were to estimate Grinnellian and Eltonian niche characteristics of phyllostomid bats distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest, examine degree of phylogenetic non‐independence of distribution and niche characteristics, and estimate the relative contribution of niche characteristics to distribution across this large Neotropical region.

Location

The Atlantic Forest.

Taxon

Phyllostomid bats.

Methods

Canonical correlation analysis was used to characterize the association between Grinnellian and Eltonian niche characteristics. Phylogenetic non‐independence of distribution and niche characteristics was estimated with phylogenetic eigenvector regression. Variation partitioning was used to distinguish relative contributions of Grinnellian and Eltonian niche characteristics to the distribution of bats.

Results

Grinnellian and Eltonian niche characteristics were strongly and significantly associated. Phylogenetic signal was weak for Grinnellian and strong for Eltonian niche characteristics. Both suites accounted for significant unique variation in the distribution of phyllostomid bats in the Atlantic Forest. Grinnellian niche characteristics accounted for more than five times the variation in distribution than Eltonian characteristics.

Main Conclusions

Distinct Grinnellian and Eltonian perspectives on the niche provide valuable insights into the distribution of species. The degree to which these two different sets of characteristics account for distribution is likely scale dependent with Grinnellian characteristics more important at geographic spatial scales and Eltonian characteristics more important at local spatial scales. Grinnellian and Eltonian niches are important corollaries of α‐ and β‐ niches and their associated traits and similarities and differences in the two distinct concepts should be better explored across different taxa and geographic domains.
Update of advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: de Jong E. , Lammerts M.U.P.A. , Genders R.E. , Bouwes Bavinck J.N.
Published: December 2021

The incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is rapidly increasing. A growing part of this patient group is formed by immunocompromised patients, for example organ‐transplant recipients (OTR). Although over 90% of the cSCC show a relatively harmless clinical behaviour, there is also a chance of developing advanced cSCC and metastases. Locally advanced cSCC are defined as cSCC that have locally advanced progression and are no longer amenable to surgery or radiation therapy. Better understanding of the clinical behaviour of cSCC is essential to discriminate between low‐ and high‐risk cSCC. Staging systems are important and have recently been improved. Genetic characterisation of SCC will likely become an important tool to help distinguish low and high‐risk cSCC with an increased potential to metastasise in the near future. Available treatments for high‐risk and advanced cSCC include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy with epidermal growth factor receptors inhibitors. Anti‐PD‐1 antibodies show promising results with response rates of up to 50% in both locally advanced and metastatic cSCC but, in its present form, is not suitable for OTR.
Reducing mental health disparities among racially and ethnically diverse populations: A review of couple and family intervention research methods (2010–2019)
Authors: Dwanyen Lekie , Holtrop Kendal , Parra‐Cardona Ruben
Published: December 2021

Racially and ethnically diverse and globally underserved populations continue to experience mental health disparities. The goal of this review was to examine the extent to which diverse populations were included in couple and family intervention research over the past decade and whether these studies were conducted with attention to issues of diversity. We performed a review of 271 articles reviewed in the current special issue on the efficacy and effectiveness of couple and family interventions across 11 mental health topics. Overall, only 68 of the 271 (25%) articles included predominately racial/ethnic minority samples or globally underserved populations. Among articles (n = 60) describing US‐based research with racial/ethnic minority samples, there was a pattern of inattention to methodological considerations relevant to diverse populations. Although some progress was noted, more research is necessary. Specifically, we call for research that advances social justice by using critically conscious methods to promote mental health equity.
Hydromethylthionine enhancement of central cholinergic signalling is blocked by rivastigmine and memantine
Authors: Kondak Constantin , Riedel Gernot , Harrington Charles R. , Wischik Claude M. , Klein Jochen
Published: December 2021

The prevention of tau protein aggregations is a therapeutic goal for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and hydromethylthionine (HMT) (also known as leucomethylthioninium‐mesylate [LMTM]), is a potent inhibitor of tau aggregation in vitro and in vivo. In two Phase 3 clinical trials in AD, HMT had greater pharmacological activity on clinical endpoints in patients not receiving approved symptomatic treatments for AD (acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors and/or memantine) despite different mechanisms of action. To investigate this drug interaction in an animal model, we used tau‐transgenic L1 and wild‐type NMRI mice treated with rivastigmine or memantine prior to adding HMT, and measured changes in hippocampal acetylcholine (ACh) by microdialysis. HMT given alone doubled hippocampal ACh levels in both mouse lines and increased stimulated ACh release induced by exploration of the open field or by infusion of scopolamine. Rivastigmine increased ACh release in both mouse lines, whereas memantine was more active in tau‐transgenic L1 mice. Importantly, our study revealed a negative interaction between HMT and symptomatic AD drugs: the HMT effect was completely eliminated in mice that had been pre‐treated with either rivastigmine or memantine. Rivastigmine was found to inhibit AChE, whereas HMT and memantine had no effects on AChE or on choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). The interactions observed in this study demonstrate that HMT enhances cholinergic activity in mouse brain by a mechanism of action unrelated to AChE inhibition. Our findings establish that the drug interaction that was first observed clinically has a neuropharmacological basis and is not restricted to animals with tau aggregation pathology. Given the importance of the cholinergic system for memory function, the potential for commonly used AD drugs to interfere with the treatment effects of disease‐modifying drugs needs to be taken into account in the design of clinical trials.

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Diabetes nurse practitioners in the shadow of the COVID‐19 pandemic: Challenges, insights, and suggestions for improvement
Authors: Waizinger Orit , Shpigelman Miriam , Shental Rachel , Yunis Bushra , Shimoni Pnina , Od Cohen Yehudit , Kagan Ilya
Published: December 2021

Purpose

The study examined the role of diabetes nurse practitioners (DiNPs) and their contribution to the quality of care of individuals with diabetes during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Specifically, we examined the benefits and barriers of using telemedicine for managing diabetes.

Design

A descriptive qualitative research using content analysis of interviews.

Methods

Participants were invited through the National DiNPs’ Forum. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 24 licensed DiNPs (age range, 37–58 years) who were involved in the clinical care of individuals with diabetes during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, and content analysis was then used for extracting themes and their related categories.

Findings

Content analysis revealed five themes: (a) Benefits and barriers of remote diabetes treatment; (b) Teamwork and its implications to DiNPs; (c) Technological challenges, resourcefulness, and creativity; (d) Changed perception of DiNP roles; and (e) Cultural diversity and improving communication skills. The benefits of telemedicine included improved control, efficiency, convenience and satisfaction, while the disadvantages of this method included the inability to provide optimal practical guidance on technical aspects of physical assessments and care. Sectors with limited digital literacy and language barriers had difficulties using telemedicine. Teamwork was reported as a facilitator to managing treatment. Telemedicine provided an opportunity for DiNPs to become more efficient and focused and to clearly define their role in the organization.

Conclusions

The COVID‐19 pandemic has posed new challenges. Along with the need to adapt the therapeutic approach to remote care, DiNPs improved their professional status, acquired new skills, and were satisfied with their personal and professional growth.

Clinical relevance

Telemedicine should become an integral part of diabetes management to enable access to populations who cannot come to the clinic. Patients should be guided on using telemedicine platforms.
Association of placenta previa with placental size in Japanese women: A study from a single tertiary referral center
Authors: Kyozuka Hyo , Jin Toki , Fujimori Mimori , Matsuno Mariko , Nomura Shinji , Suzuki Daisuke , Fukuda Toma , Murata Tsuyoshi , Yasuda Shun , Yamaguchi Akiko , Nomura Yasuhisa , Fujimori Keiya
Published: December 2021

Aim

The effect of placenta previa on age‐specific placental size has not yet been elucidated. This study aimed to examine the effect of placenta previa on the Japanese standardized z‐scores of placental size.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included Japanese participants from Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital with single pregnancies who gave birth during 2013–2019. The participants were categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of placenta previa. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to identify the association of placenta previa with the z‐score of placental size, after adjusting for factors, such as maternal smoking status, maternal age, assisted reproductive technology, myoma uteri, uterine anomaly, maternal hypertension at the time of pregnancy, and body mass index before pregnancy.

Results

A total of 4071 Japanese women (76 with placenta previa and 3995 without placenta previa) were identified. Placenta previa significantly increased the placental weight z‐score (partial regression coefficient: 0.44, 95% confidence interval 0.10–0.70, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Placenta previa increased the age‐specific placental size. Further studies are required to examine whether placenta previa is associated with the risk of obstetrics complications related to the placental size.
Multidirectional carework across borders: Latina immigrant women negotiating motherhood and daughterhood
Authors: Bruhn Sarah , Oliveira Gabrielle
Published: December 2021

Objective

The authors examine how transnational caregiving for immigrant women encompasses a set of complex gendered relationships and roles as mothers and daughters across national borders.

Background

Scholars have explored transnational motherhood for women who migrate, often in search of employment, while their children remain in their nation of origin. Much of this research has focused on how migration transforms mother–child relationships. Intergenerational relationships between immigrant mothers and their own mothers, and the emotional and economic care that facilitates these ties, are often left out of the picture of transnational family life.

Methods

Through ethnographic work, the authors conducted in‐depth interviews with 63 mothers from Latin America who migrated to the greater Boston metropolitan area. Additionally, the authors draw from extensive participant observation with mothers at home, school, and sites throughout their communities.

Results

The authors theorize how Latina immigrant women are at the center of a web of multidirectional carework as they negotiate intergenerational responsibilities as mothers and daughters. The women in the present study orient their decisions, paid labor, and child‐rearing around sustaining transnational familial relationships across generations. As a result, they provide emotional and economic care in multiple directions, including maintaining relationships between children and grandchildren, even as they adapt to ruptures in receiving care from their own mothers.

Conclusion

The authors argue that despite the gendered labor this emotional and economic work entails, the immigrant mothers in the present study value their carework, which ultimately becomes a means for them to exert agency in the face of anti‐immigrant policies and discourses.