bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
СПОСОБ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ФЕРМЕНТИРОВАННОГО ПРОДУКТА НА СОЕВОЙ ОСНОВЕ
Authors: Божко Светлана Дмитриевна , Ершова Татьяна Анатольевна , Чернышова Анна Николаевна , Бояринева Ирина Валерьевна , Ли Наталья Гаврошевна
Published: October 2024

При выборе ферментированного продукта на растительной основе потребитель в первую очередь обращает внимание на консистенцию готового продукта, его вкус и аромат. На рынке растительных ферментированных продуктов большой популярностью пользуются густые кремовые биопродукты. Целью исследования является изучение возможности применения различных стабилизаторов при производстве ферментированного биопродукта на растительной основе для получения продукта с однородной консистенцией без отделения сыворотки. Задачи исследования – определение необходимого количества вносимой добавки и отработка технологических режимов производства биопродукта на основе соевого молока, полученного из семян сои Приморской селекции. Сквашивание соевой основы проводили термостатным способом при температуре 40°С, до уровня рН 4,5-4,75. Для получения необходимой стабильной консистенции биопродукта необходимо использовать стабилизаторы. Изучена возможность применения следующих пищевых добавок: пектин цитрусовый (ТроПектин VIS 52), агар 1000, альгинат натрия 1000, а также комплексная добавка Авистол ASTM 260. Стабилизатор вводили в растительную основу на стадии нормализации перед гомогенизацией и тепловой обработкой. Наилучшая консистенция питьевого биопродукта достигается при применении комплексной добавки, включающей Авистол ASTM 260 и ТроПектин VIS 52 в количестве 2,0 и 0,35 %, соответственно, или Авистол ASTM 260 и Агар 1000 (Альгинат натрия 1000) в количестве 2,0 и 0,47 %, соответственно. Вкус растительных биопродуктов отличается от вкуса молочных продуктов. Соевое молоко, как основа ферментированного биопродукта, имеет специфические вкус и аромат. Для ароматизации готового биопродукта и получения кокосового вкуса добавляли 20%-ные кокосовые сливки и кокосовый ароматизатор. В результате проведенных исследований установлено, что текстура биопродукта зависитот вида и количества вносимой добавки, полученный биопродукт имеет консистенцию от жидкой до желеобразной. Определены необходимые концентрации вводимых стабилизаторов.
СПЕКТРАЛЬНЫЕ И ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА ЕВРОПИЙ-ГАЛЛИЕВОГО ГРАНАТА
Authors: Рошколаева Анастасия Борисовна , Новоженов  Владимир Антонович Новоженов  Владимир Антонович , Смагин Владимир Петрович Смагин Владимир Петрович , Шмаков  Игорь Александрович Шмаков  Игорь Александрович , Затонская Лина Викторовна , Стручева Наталья Егоровна Стручева Наталья Егоровна , Белова Ольга Владимировна Белова Ольга Владимировна
Published: October 2024

Особое внимание исследователей к сложным оксидам металлов со структурой граната связано с их широким применением в химической промышленности, микро- и оптоэлектронике. Редкоземельные гранаты состава Ln3M5O12, где M это Ga, Al или Fe, применяются в твердотельных лазерах, микроволновых и ультразвуковых устройствах, оптических датчиках давления, а также для производства различных типов керамики, катализаторов, радио- и антикоррозийных защитных покрытий и для некоторых переделов в металлургической и химической промышленности. Синтез галлатов лантаноидов является сложным многостадийным процессом при проведении которого применяются высокие температуры, механическая активация реагентов, а также неоднократный размол продуктов с последующим многократным отжигом. Существующие технологии совершенствуются, однако их температурные характеристики остаются неизменно высокими. Авторами данной работы смешанный оксид европия и галлия синтезирован методом соосаждения из водных растворов нитратов европия и галлия при мольном соотношении солей 3 : 5, а также из составов, содержащих избыток соли галлия, с последующим отжигом при температуре 800 °С в течение 24 часов. Выявлены технологические опасности, связанные с летучестью соединений галлия, и показаны пути их устранения. Состав и структура продукта синтеза установлены методами химического и рентгенофазового анализа (РФА). Определены параметры кристаллической решетки, равные: a = b = c = 1,2403 нм, истинная плотность 6,678 ± 0,006 г/см3, активное и реактивное электрическое сопротивление в интервале температур (25–150) °С при изменении частоты электрического тока от 50 Гц до 200 кГц. На основании изменения электрических характеристик сделано заключение о полупроводниковых свойствах синтезированного соединения, которое нашло подтверждение при изучении его люминесценции. Люминесценция Eu3Ga5O12 связана с 5D0,1 → 7Fj электронными переходами в ионах Eu3+. Возбуждение люминесценции происходит в полосы поглощения Eu3+, а также в результате их взаимодействия с компонентами матрицы. Кроме того, зарегистрирована широкая полоса люминесценции с максимумом в области 450 нм, связанная с рекомбинационными процессами на уровнях дефектов структуры Eu3Ga5O12 после возбуждения в результате межзонного перехода электронов в галлате европия.
The global threat from the irreversible accumulation of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)
Authors: Arp Hans Peter H. , Gredelj Andrea , Glüge Juliane , Scheringer Martin , Cousins Ian T.
Published: October 2024

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is a persistent and mobile substance that has been increasing in concentrations within diverse environmental media, including rain, soils, human serum, plants, plant-based foods, and drinking water. Currently, TFA concentrations are orders of magnitude higher than those of other per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). This accumulation is due to many PFAS having TFA as a transformation product, including several fluorinated gases (F-gases), pesticides, pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals, in addition to direct release of industrially produced TFA. Due to TFA’s extreme persistence and ongoing emissions, concentrations are increasing irreversibly. What remains less clear is the thresholds where irreversible effects on local or global scales occur. There are indications from mammalian toxicity studies that TFA is toxic to reproduction and that it exhibits liver toxicity. Ecotoxicity data are scarce, with most data for aquatic systems; fewer data are available for terrestrial plants, where TFA bioaccumulates most readily. Collectively, these trends imply that TFA meets the criteria of a planetary boundary threat for novel entities because of increasing planetary-scale exposure, where potential, irreversible disruptive impacts on vital earth system processes could occur. The rational response to this is to instigate binding actions to reduce emissions of TFA and its many precursors.
Supercritical Hydrothermal Synthesis of Quasi-1D Chain Fluorocarbonate NaDy(CO3)F2 with Giant Rotating Magnetocaloric Effect
Authors: Guo Ruixin , Tong Jingfang , Jin Lun , Lin Weijie , Deng Zhengzhong , Pan Changzhao , Zhou Haitao , Guo Shu
Published: October 2024

Strong quantum fluctuations and weak magnetic interactions in quasi-1D chain rare-earth (RE) magnets prevent long-range magnetic ordering, preserving magnetic entropy for ultra-low temperature refrigeration. Here, a Dy-based 1D chain carbonate, NaDy(CO3)F2, has been successfully grown into millimeter-level single crystals in supercritical hydrothermal conditions. Its crystal structures can be indexed by an orthorhombic unit cell (space group #62 Pnma) consisting of Dy-based zigzag chains, with the distribution of interchain Dy∙∙∙Dy distance (4.46 Å) larger than that of the intrachain Dy∙∙∙Dy distance (3.78 Å). The temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility and specific heat measurements mark the onset of long-range magnetic ordering (TN ~ 2.4 K) for NaDy(CO3)F2. Moreover, its isothermal magnetic entropy change (ΔSmag) was examined based on millimetre-size single crystals. Our results unveil the direction-dependent magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of NaDy(CO3)F2, providing an excellent example of achieving a giant MCE via rotating the crystallographic direction of well-oriented single crystals.
Conformational Dynamics of the Pyrene Excimer
Authors: Parolin Giovanni , Garain Bidhan Chandra , Mukherjee Saikat , Granucci Giovanni , Corni Stefano , Barbatti Mario
Published: October 2024

The conformational dynamics of the pyrene excimer play a critical role in its unique fluorescence properties. Yet, the influence of multiple local minima on its excited-state behavior remains underexplored. Using a combination of time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and unsupervised machine learning analysis, we have identified and characterized a diverse set of stable excimer geometries in the first excited state. Our analysis reveals that rapid structural reorganization towards the most stable stacked-twisted conformer dominates the excimer’s photophysics, outcompeting radiative relaxation. This conformer, which is primarily responsible for the characteristic red-shifted, structureless fluorescence emission, reconciles experimental observations of long fluorescence lifetimes and emission profiles. These findings provide new insights into the excited-state dynamics of excimers. They may inform the design of excimer-based materials in fields ranging from organic electronics to molecular sensing.
Two-Photon Absorption of BODIPY, BIDIPY, GADIPY, and SBDIPY
Authors: Elayan Ismael A. , Zhou Mingmin , Brown Alex
Published: October 2024

Substituted boron-dipyrromethene compounds (BODIPYs) have gained significant attention due to their tunable photophysical properties, including two-photon absorption (2PA), a nonlinear optical process where two photons are absorbed simultaneously. The tuning of BODIPY's photophysical properties has recently led to the synthesis of pnictogen-containing derivatives, such as SBDIPY and BIDIPY, where boron is replaced by antimony (Sb) or bismuth (Bi), respectively, as well as other analogues like GADIPY, which contain gallium (Ga). This study presents a computational investigation into their 2PA properties, exploring the impact of various substitutions across these systems. The 2PA cross-sections (σ2PA), electronic excitation energies (ΔE), and dipole moments (µ00, µ11, µ01, Δµ) were computed for 18 DIPY chromophores in the gas-phase with time-dependent density-functional theory (TD-DFT) using several functionals (CAM-B3LYP, ωB97X, M06-2X, M11, and MN15), and then compared to RI-CC2 results. The computed mean absolute errors were small, with the MN15, CAM-B3LYP, and M06-2X functionals being among the best-performing for the properties analyzed. In general, for the parent (unsubstituted) compounds, replacing the core atom in DIPY chromophores results in negligible changes to their σ2PA. However, extending the conjugation through the addition of phenyl substituents significantly increases σ2PA values, and the nature of the core atom impacts the magnitude of this enhancement.
Will it blend? Exploring the viscoelastic characteristics of P3HT-polyborosiloxane blends towards flexible electronic materials
Authors: Gilhooly-Finn Peter A. , Westwood Megan M. , Schroeder Bob C.
Published: October 2024

Organic semiconducting polymers blended into elastomeric materials has shown to be a successful method for improving flexibility designed for wearable electronics. One such elastomer that has not been readily explored in combination with an organic semiconducting polymer is polyborosiloxane (PBS). PBS shows remarkable viscoelastomeric properties, due to the borate ester groups that crosslink the siloxane backbones, demonstrating a dynamic covalent crosslinking mechanism. The detailed study presented here showcases the properties of two different PBS elastomers and the effect of blending a well-known organic semiconducting polymer, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). Compatibility studies find that one elastomer blends more favourably than the other due to differences in the crosslinking density leading to the formation of P3HT crystallites within the blend. The viscoelastic properties of the PBS:P3HT blends are studied through detailed rheological experiments and the relaxation processes are discussed.
Following Nature’s Lead. Designing a Very Simple yet Effective Ligand System Applicable to Pd-Catalyzed Cross Couplings…in Water
Authors: Lipshutz Bruce , Oftadeh Erfan , Baumann Max , Ortiz Marco , Mamo Kirubel , Boeira Eduam , Nguyen Sam , Aue Donald
Published: October 2024

A new ligand design based on Nature’s use of simple elements is described. This relatively uncommon array of atoms is arrived at in a single step leading to “P3N” ligands, such as “(n-Bu2N)3P”, derived from PCl3 and three equivalents of n-Bu2NH. These readily participate in homogeneous, Pd-catalyzed Cu-free Sonogashira and Suzuki-Miyaura couplings. Reliance on low loadings of Pd is documented under aqueous micellar conditions (i.e., in water). Comparisons with several typically used representative ligands, which, by contrast are made in an environmentally egregious fashion, clearly show that this new series of ligands is preferred, cost-wise, synthetically, as well as in terms of their environmental impact.
A Percolating Path to Green Iron
Authors: Paul Subhechchha , Kanesalingam Brinthan , Ma Yan , Villanova Julie , Requena Guillermo , Akpu Stanley Chidubem , Raabe Dierk , Battiato Ilenia , Dresselhaus-Marais Leora
Published: October 2024

About 1.9 gigatonnes of steel is produced every year emitting 7\% (2.7 gigatonnes) of global CO$_2$ in the process. More than 50\% of the CO$_2$ emissions come from a single step of steelmaking, known as ironmaking. Hydrogen based direct reduction (HyDR) of iron oxide to iron has emerged as an emissions free ironmaking alternative. However multi-scale phenomena ranging from nanometers to meters inside HyDR reactors exhibit detrimental microstructure evolution which resists gaseous transport of H$_2$/H$_2$O, slows reaction rates and disrupts continuous reactor operation. To resolve the conundrum between atomic and reactor scales, we devise a percolation-theory model to reconcile nanoscale porosity with macroscopic properties relevant to reactor design models. Using synchrotron nano X-ray computed-tomography, we quantify the evolution of pores in iron oxide pellets, and demonstrate how nano-scale pore networks influence micro and macro-scale flow properties such as permeability, diffusivity and tortuosity. Our new modeling framework bridges the gap between scales and offers the criteria to accelerate HyDR by at least 5x via feedstock-reactor synergies based on percolation.
Sex-specific analysis of acute alcohol use in suicides and reporting of alcohol as a contributor to suicide deaths in New Zealand 2007–2020: a cross-sectional study of coronial data
Authors: Crossin Rose , Dikstaal Jaimie , McKerchar Christina , Cleland Lana , Beautrais Annette , Witt Katrina , Boden Joseph
Published: October 2024

aim: Acute alcohol use (AAU) can increase suicide risk. It is unknown if this effect differs by population sub-group in New Zealand, and what characteristics are associated with alcohol being coded as contributory to death, when AAU is identified. This study aimed to answer: 1) are the characteristics associated with suicide involving AAU different between females and males, and 2) among suicides that involved AAU, what factors are associated with alcohol being coded as a contributory factor? method: Secondary analysis was conducted of suicide data from 2007–2020, from the National Coronial Information System. Binomial regression models for females and males were used to estimate sex-specific differences in risk of suicide involving AAU. Poisson regression modelling was used to estimate the relative risk of alcohol being coded as contributory where AAU was identified. results: Suicide was more likely to involve AAU among Māori females (adjusted risk ratio [ARR] 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.68) and Pacific females (ARR 1.75, 95% CI 1.22–2.51), compared to European females. Compared to males who were employed, all other employment statuses had significantly lower risk of suicide that involved AAU. Those who died by hanging (ARR 0.75, 95% CI 0.62–0.92) or firearms (ARR 0.55, 95% CI 0.38–0.90) were less likely to have alcohol coded as contributory, compared to those who died by poisoning. conclusion: Targeted public health interventions designed by and for specific demographic groups (particularly Māori and Pacific females) are needed, alongside universal interventions that address social and structural determinants. Data systems and coding must accurately reflect the association between AAU and suicide in New Zealand.
Adult decision-making capacity and health research in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Gray Ben , Ballantyne Angela
Published: October 2024

The Code of Health and Disability Services Consumers’ Rights (the Code)1 and the Health and Disability Commissioner Act (the Act)2 are up for review. The Code currently applies to clinical care, teaching and research. When it was introduced, there were no national mechanisms to govern research, but since then the National Ethics Advisory Committee (NEAC) has developed detailed guidelines and established a network of ethics committees at various institutional levels. As currently written, the Code prohibits research on a patient who lacks capacity unless it is in their “best interests.” This precludes some important research. The NEAC guidelines are more nuanced and measured, designed to balance the risks to the patient with the benefits to the community. We argue that the Code and the Act should be amended to allow decisions about research proposals on people who lack capacity to be made by an ethics committee set up by NEAC.
'Following the Science': Far right knowledge, postfascism, and hegemony in Aotearoa New Zealand during COVID-19
Authors:   , Soar Max
Published: October 2024

We face a global proliferation and consolidation of far-right political movements, regimes, and ideologies, recently theorised as postfascism. This fascism connects a constellation of heterogenous movements that, during the conjuncture of the COVID-19 pandemic, were forced to confront a moment of scientifically mediated crisis. This thesis presents a thematic analysis of three case studies, spanning more mainstream to explicitly white nationalist organisations, and their engagement with scientific knowledge during this moment of potential political rupture. I show how these organisations simultaneously appropriated and critiqued scientific knowledge, its institutions, and representations, mobilising the perceived scientific credibility of (some of) their popularisers to represent pseudo-science, conspiracy theorising, and reactionary ideologies as a populist resistance to power; to gain access to mainstream attention; and to reconfigure the common-sense of ‘ordinary-people’ into a counter-hegemonic project opposed to ‘globalism.’

In service of this project, organisations appealed to Enlightenment values of rational enquiry, open debate, and freedom of speech, scientific ideals of universalism, objectivity and empiricism, and characterised political opponents as inherently political, or emotional. On the other hand, some invoked a deep, romantic, mystical connection to the environment through land, nation, blood, and soil, decrying the degeneracy of modernity, claiming concern for human impacts on the environment, and romanticising a return to a simpler, localised, agrarian lifestyle. I argue that ‘science’ and scientific knowledge functioned as a key feature of the cultural landscape that these organisations had to navigate on a broader terrain of political and cultural struggle—a struggle deeply imbricated with Aotearoa’s history of settler-colonialism and contemporary reactionary responses to interlocking crises of capitalist modernity.
Innovative Pedagogies and Role of Teachers for Quality Teacher Education in Saudi Arabia
Authors:   King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Khan Intakhab Alam
Published: October 2024

Saudi Arabia's education sector has experienced substantial growth, with considerable investment and emphasis placed on teacher education. This qualitative research delves into the specific requirements and challenges faced by teachers in Saudi Arabia to underscore the necessity for comprehensive teacher education programs. Until now, Saudi teachers' colleges trained future school teachers for all school subjects especially English as a second/foreign language. However, there has been a change in teacher education planning and curriculum, and teachers of English (especially for schools) are mostly recruited who have bachelor's or master's degrees in English language/literature. Some researchers and educationalists are always of the view that proper pre-service teacher training is required to prepare effective teachers because school teaching lays a solid foundation for future courses and workplaces including English language institutes (for English teachers). Keeping the crucial roles in view, teacher education is expected to train teachers in digital education in augmented or virtual learning environments which emerged as a need in the post-Covid scenario. To cater to such needs, the researcher employed a purposive sampling technique and recruited 20 experienced school teachers and 5 English language instructors (from King Abdulaziz university, Jeddah-Saudi Arabia) who participated in semi-structured interviews. The study unearthed critical insights into teachers' perspectives, highlighting their needs, experiences, and expectations within the educational landscape. Through thematic analysis, the research identified significant areas for improvement in teacher education initiatives. The outcomes underscore the urgent need for tailored teacher education programs to better equip English teachers, ultimately enhancing the quality of English language instruction in Saudi Arabian schools.
Pobreza laboral en Hidalgo, México. Una explicación a partir de las condiciones laborales, la educación y la condición de residencia
Authors: León Bernal Alexis , Rodríguez Juárez Eduardo
Published: October 2024

La pobreza laboral impacta negativamente la calidad de vida de la población trabajadora, su más cruda manifestación se observa al momento en el que los trabajadores intentan cubrir sus necesidades básicas a través del salario, el cual muchas veces no es suficiente para adquirir la canasta básica. Esta situación se agrava, cuando los puestos de trabajo no presentan condiciones laborales favorables, o bien los propios trabajadores carecen del nivel de educación necesario para obtener empleos de mejor calidad, o si su residencia se encuentra en un área rural o urbana. En ese contexto, este trabajo analiza a nivel municipal la relación entre pobreza laboral en Hidalgo, las condiciones laborales, la educación y el lugar de residencia, mediante un modelo logístico.
SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT: ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING CENTERS AND WOMEN LITERACY CENTERS BY TATA POWER DDL
Authors: Kumar Vikramendra
Published: October 2024

This research assesses the impact of Tata Power DDL’s CSR programs for women employment through vocational training centers and women literacy centers. The study is based on an ethnographic survey of 12 districts in North and North-West Delhi. The data was collected by questionnaires, interviews and participant observation with the help of purposive and stratified random sampling techniques. The studies show that rendering vocational training and opening the literacy centers has led positive changes in the women economic and social statuses and played a role in enhancing skills, employment, and literacy levels among the women. However the following challenges were noted; poor infrastructure, low participation in some areas, and lack of resources. These CSR initiatives are very important in the transformation of women’s self-reliance hence the need for the expansion of the programs and enhancement of the current implementation. Further, the study highlights the need to have policy intervention to deal with existing barriers to enhance the participation and achieve sustainable results.
BUDDHISM AND NON-VIOLENCE: EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BUDDHIST TEACHINGS AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION
Authors: Tiwary Kamakhiya Narain , Sharma Nirja
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the profound dating between Buddhist teachings and struggle decision, inspecting how concepts of non-violence, compassion, and interconnectedness can be carried out to present day worldwide conflicts. Beginning with the historical context of Buddhism, it delves into the origins and spread of Buddhist ideals on non-violence, especially the lifestyles of Siddhartha Gautama and early Buddhist texts on Ahimsa. The center Buddhist teachings, which includes the Four Noble Truths, the Noble Eightfold Path, Karuna (compassion), and Metta (loving-kindness), are analyzed for their software in promoting non-violence. The paper also discusses the realistic applications of these teachings in current conflict resolution techniques, together with Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and mediation. Through case research of historical and present day examples, together with Ashoka’s transformation, the role of Buddhist clergymen in the Vietnam War, and the Dalai Lama’s approach to the Tibetan warfare, the paper illustrates the effectiveness of Buddhist tactics. It concludes with coverage guidelines for integrating Buddhist concepts into war resolution frameworks and a comparative evaluation with other non-violent philosophies, highlighting the customary relevance of Buddhist teachings in fostering peace and harmony.
बाल श्रम पर एक समाजशास्त्रीय अध्ययन: बच्चों के मनोविज्ञान, उनके स्वास्थ्य, उनकी शिक्षा तथा उनके पारिवारिक जीवन के सन्दर्भ में
Authors: Singh Rajesh , Verma Sarita
Published: October 2024

बाल श्रम एक गंभीर सामाजिक दुर्व्यवहार है, जो विशेष रूप से विकासशील देशों में बच्चों के भविष्य को प्रभावित करता है। यह अध्ययन आगरा जिले में जूता उद्योग के संदर्भ में बाल श्रम से बच्चों के मनोविज्ञान, उनके स्वास्थ्य, उनकी शिक्षा तथा उनके पारिवारिक जीवन पर पड़ने वाले प्रभावों की जांच करता है। आगरा जिले में जूता उद्योग में बच्चों का श्रम अत्यधिक सामान्य है, जहाँ उन्हें कठिन और खतरनाक परिस्थितियों में काम करना पड़ता है। यह अध्ययन प्राथमिक डेटा संग्रहण के माध्यम से स्थानीय श्रमिकों, उद्योग मालिकों और संबंधित अधिकारियों के बीच साक्षात्कार के माध्यम से किया गया। परिणाम बताते हैं कि आर्थिक विपन्नता, शिक्षा की कमी और सामाजिक नीतियों की अनुपस्थिति बाल श्रम को बढ़ावा देती हैं। साथ ही, यह अध्ययन यह भी उजागर करता है कि बाल श्रम बच्चों के शारीरिक और मानसिक विकास पर गंभीर नकारात्मक प्रभाव डालता है।
THEMES OF DISPLACEMENT AND IDENTITY OF VIKRAM LALL IN M.G. VASSANJI’S NOVEL THE IN-BETWEEN WORLD OF VIKRAM LALL
Authors: Dongre Manoj , Lalwani Neeta
Published: October 2024

The issue of migration, displacement or dislocation is not new. From the beginning man has been moving across the globe in search of a job or for safety reasons. The In-Between World of Vikram Lall by M.G. Vassanji examines the difficulties of displacement and identity in the post-colonial Kenyan setting, where diasporic peoples' lives are shaped by historical, political, and cultural factors. Vikram Lall, the protagonist is the man divided between several identities and commitments. The journey of Vikram Lall, which reflects the larger story of South Asian immigrants in East Africa is examined in this novel. The story expertly combines themes of identity negotiation in the face of changing socio-political environments, displacement and belonging.In his novel The In-Between World of Vikram Lall Vassanji uses the idea of migration both psychological and physical to emphasize the conflict and confusion that diasporic people go through. The protagonist Vikram battles to settle his mixed identity arose between his colonial Kenyan childhood, his Indian ancestry, and his ultimate banishment to Canada. His journey is placed within the larger framework of Kenyan history and the effects of colonialism, which highlights how the personal and political intertwine to shape diasporic identities in the novel.
Biochemical and Immunological Aspects of the Pathophysiology of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors:   Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russian Federation, Pilkevich N. B. , Markovskaya V. A. ,   Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russian Federation, Yavorskaya O. V. ,   Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russian Federation, Khabibullin R. R. ,   Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russian Federation; Belgorod Pathoanatomical Bureau, Belgorod, Russian Federation, Smirnova A. P. ,   Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

Aim of the study. To analyze publications of scientific studies devoted to the study of biochemical and immunological aspects of the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Material and methods. An analysis of 54 sources was conducted. The search for articles was carried out in the abstract databases Scopus and Web of Science, as well as in the search engines PubMed, eLIBRARY.RU and Google Scholar, from 2000 to December 2023. Conclusions. The immunological aspect of the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome is characterized by the activation of the innate immune system and antigen-presenting cells, which contributes to the initiation of the immune response. In turn, neutrophils release cytotoxic molecules, active oxygen metabolites, bioactive lipids and proinflammatory cytokines and trigger an inflammatory cascade. Cytotoxic molecules cause tissue necrosis, initiate apoptosis and autophagy, which maintains and enhances inflammatory reactions and lung injury, as well as the formation of a vicious circle. Damage to vascular endothelial cells initiates coagulation, promoting the activation of platelets and procoagulant cascades, which leads to the formation of microthrombi in the pulmonary microcirculatory network and fibrin deposition in the intraalveolar and interstitial compartments. The interaction of platelets and neutrophils at the site of endothelial injury is considered a humoral regulatory process. Uncontrolled immunothrombosis can cause concomitant tissue damage and contribute to organ dysfunction.
The Use of Computer Vision Methods and Large Language Models for Preclinical Research
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Gorbunova A. V. , Shmakova Y. V. ,   Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Kalugina O. F. ,   Yaroslavl State Medical University, Yaroslavl, Russian Federation, Prokhorov M. V. ,   Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russian Federation, Bobrov A. I. ,   I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Koshechkin K. A. ,   I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The article discusses the problem of using laboratory animals in preclinical research and, as a solution to this problem, the use of modern technologies like artificial intelligence. The aim of the work is to study the application of computer vision methods and large language models for preclinical research. Discussion. Nowadays scientists all over the world are actively trying to replace animal models in preclinical research with more modern solutions. Artificial intelligence plays an important role in this process. It allows us to make research faster and also to improve the quality of experiments, and therefore, it can lead to the decrease in the number of tests, that may turn out to be unjustified and, in most cases, fatal to animals. The use of AI in preclinical research makes it possible to conduct more accurate experiments, reduce the likelihood of unsuccessful research and increase the reliability of the results. It also allows us to reduce the number of animals which are used in experiments, which is one of the main aspects of bioethics. It is possible to reduce the suffering of animals and improve their protection from the negative effects of experiments by replacing them with computer models and AI-based virtual systems. Conclusions. The use of artificial intelligence in preclinical studies is one of the best ways to develop more ethical, accurate and effective scientific methods.
Review of Spectrofluorimetric Studies of Skin
Authors:   Professor P. G. Makarov Krasnoyarsk Regional Ophthalmological Clinical Hospital. Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Gar’kavenko V. V. , Balashova P. M. ,   Professor P. G. Makarov Krasnoyarsk Regional Ophthalmological Clinical Hospital. Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation; Professor V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University. Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Salmin V. V. ,   National Research Nuclear University (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, Russian Federation; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation; Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

Background. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADN) is involved in many important biochemical reactions in human metabolism, including participation in mitochondrial energy production. Mitochondrial activity, which affects skin microcirculation and the efficiency of local blood supply, can be indirectly assessed by the fluorescence of NADH in its reduced form. Changes in major skin fluorophores have been studied in both animals and humans, at rest and under different conditions, using spectrofluorimetry. The purpose of the work is, based on scientific literature data, to evaluate the possibility of using a spectrofluorimetric study of NADH levels, as well as the NADH/FAD ratio when assessing the condition of both free skin flaps and pedicled flaps after reconstructive operations, in particular in ophthalmology. Materials and methods. A search of scientific publications in PubMed, Google Scolar and Elibrary was conducted, as a result 61 articles for the period of 1957-2022 were selected for the final scientific review. Results and discussion. A brief historical background of the first spectrofluorimetric studies is presented. A brief overview of spectrofluorimetric methods for studying the skin of both humans and experimental animals, as well as other organs and systems, is given. The disadvantages and advantages of various research methods are listed. A review of changes in spectrofluorimetric parameters of the skin in patients with various somatic diseases of organs and systems was carried out. Conclusion. A review of the abovementioned methods for assessing tissue metabolism is applicable in surgical treatment, plastic surgery and onco-ophthalmology. Of particular value for surgery will be research methods that make it possible to predict the likelihood of rejection of transplanted skin flaps and their cicatricial changes. The presented literature review confirms the effectiveness of spectrofluorimetry for assessing metabolic disorders in the skin. The relevance of the method for predicting cosmetic outcomes during plastic surgery, including on the adnexal apparatus of the eye, requires continued research into the main fluorophores of the skin.
NOVEL 6,7-DIMETHOXYQUINAZOLIN-4(3H)-ONE DERIVATIVES AS PROMISING COMPOUNDS FOR THE THERAPY OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
Authors: Pozdnyakov D. , Chiryapkin A. , Kodonidi I.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. Alzheimer's disease is one of the most common forms of dementia with a high mortality and disability rate. Some quinazolinone deriva-tives having methoxy groups in the quinazolinone scaffold may be potentially effective agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The aim of the study. To evaluate the effect of new derivatives of 6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline-4(3H)-one on the activity of acetylcholinesterase and the aggregation of amyloid particles process under experimental conditions Materials and methods. The studied derivatives of 6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline-4(3H)-one with amino acid and dipeptides residues were obtained by replacing the oxygen heteroatom in the benzoxazinone core by boiling the initial compound with the corresponding amino acid. The anticholinesterase activity of the studied compounds was evaluated using an Ellman reagent with spectrophotometric detection of degradation products of 5.5'-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid. The antiamyloid activity of 6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline-4(3H)-oh derivatives was determined by a change in the intensity of aggregation of β-amyloid particles (fragment 1-42) with congo red. All tests were performed three times. Results. As a result of the study, it was found that derivatives of 6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline-4(3H)-oh inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase in vitro with IC50 values in the range of 1.8±0.36 mg/ml to 4.2±0.96 mg/ml, which corresponded to the indicators of the referent - donepezil (IC50 = 2.4±0.06). It is also worth noting the presence of moderate antiamyloid properties of the studied substances, which reduced the aggregation of β-amyloid parti-cles by more than 50%, which, however, was lower than the indicators of the referent - GV-791 (p 0.05). Among the studied substances, the highest level of activity was characterized by substances containing glycylglycine and glycylleucine residues in the structure, surpassing donepezil (p 0.05) in the ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase. Conclusion. The study showed that derivatives of 6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline-4(3H)-one with amino acid and dipeptides residues, in particular with fragments of glycylglycine and glycylleucine, can be promising objects for further development of drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease with a predominant effect on acetylcholine metabolism.
THE STUDY OF METROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OBTAINED SUBSTANCES OF FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS BY INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON TESTS
Authors: Sysuev Е.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. This article discusses the possibility of using substances isolated from natural raw materials of fat-soluble vitamins retinol-palmitate (vitamin A), cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), tocopherol-acetet (vitamin E) in order to create domestic standard samples of approved type (SSS). The use of SSS in analytical practice, as well as in scientific research, makes it possible to ensure the accuracy and reliability of experimental results, to ensure the traceability of the result when performing analyses within the framework of repeatability and reproducibility (precision). The paper addresses issues related to the production and standardization of domestic pharmaceutical substances, as well as issues of standardization and conformity assessment of finished products of the pharmaceutical industry and other sectors of the national economy (food industry, agriculture, perfumery and cosmetics, the industry of production of goods for children's practice, etc.). The purpose of the work. To establish the quantitative content of fat-soluble vitamins A, D3, E, in the obtained substances claiming the status of SS with the approved type, as well as to determine their stability and uniformity by means of interlaboratory comparison tests (hereinafter referred to as ICT). Material and methods. The quantitative content of fat-soluble vitamins in the obtained substances was assessed by HPLC in 6 accredited analytical laboratories. The results were processed by evaluating the data provided for the presence of outliers and quasi-outliers using the Kohren, Grubbs and Mandel method. Results. The conducted studies under the comparison program showed that the results of the quantitative determination of the obtained vitamins are within the norms of the certified characteristic "Mass fraction of vitamin, %" in relation to the content of the determined characteristic in reference substances of imported production. Conclusions. As a result of the statistical data obtained, we have proved that the substances obtained from fat-soluble vitamins A, E, D3 comply with regulatory requirements based on the results of interlaboratory comparisons and can be recommended for the manufacture of domestic SS with the approval of their type, and it can also be assumed that the manufacturing processes of domestic and imported SS are harmonized. The quality of domestic SS is at an identical level with respect to foreign SS, but each is produced exclusively in the legal field of the manufacturer's state and is legitimate in its territory of application, which once again confirms the high need to create a domestic reference pharmaceutical base.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND ENERGY PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF HEDYSARUM ALPINUM L. EXTRACT IN ACUTE CCL4-INDUCED HEPATITIS
Authors: Toropova A. , Matypov B. , Nikolaev S. , Sambueva Z. , Erentueva A.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. The course of physiological processes in the norm is significantly influenced by the pro- and antioxidant, as well as the energy status of the body. In the liver, biochemical disturbances in the functioning of these systems contribute to the development or aggravate the course of patholog-ical conditions such as chronic hepatitis, cholelithiasis, chronic cholecystitis, etc. In this regard, the assessment of the influence of the studied herbal remedies that have a hepatoprotective effect on energy metabolism and the state of the antioxidant system of the body in experimental pathological processes is still relevant. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of Hedysarum alpinum L. dry extract on antioxidant status and energy metabolism in white rats with acute carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatitis. Material and methods. The studies were carried out on white Wistar rats. Acute carbon tetrachloride hepatitis was induced by subcutaneous injec-tion of a 50% oily solution of CCl4 for 4 days at a dose of 1.0 ml/kg. The dry extract H. alpinum was administered per os to animals at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg. On the 7th and 14th days of the experiment, the energy metabolism and antioxidant status of the liver were assessed. The content of ATP, lactate, pyruvate, GSH the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), the activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, super-oxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver homogenate were determined. The evaluation of the antiradical activity of the studied agent was carried out in vitro: binding of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH˙), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS˙+). Results. The dry extract H. alpinum was administered to animals at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, increases the activity of SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and the content of GSH, reduces the content of MDA, increases the content of ATP, reduces the level of lactate; cor-rects the lactate/pyruvate ratio compared to the control. The dry extract of H. alpinum demonstrated the most pronounced antioxidant activity and en-ergy-protective effect at a dose of 200 mg/kg. The extract of H. alpinum characterized by a pronounced radical-binding activity against DPPH˙ and ABTS˙+ (IC50DPPH˙=25.1 µg/ml; IC50ABTS˙+=47.1 µg/ml), which was due to the high content in its composition of phenolic compounds (2-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-1,3,6,7-tetraoxyxanthone, rutin, catechins, xanthones), flavonols and polysaccharides. Conclusions. The dry extract H. alpinum at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg reduces the intensity of oxidative stress and corrects the state of energy metabolism in carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in white rats, showing a pronounced antioxidant, antiradical and energy-protective effects.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TGT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VIII MTS ISLAMIYAH BELAWAN
Authors: Harahap Risfa Rahma , Hasratuddin Hasratuddin
Published: October 2024

Riset ini diselenggarakan karena terdapat hasil belajar matematika anak didik yang masih tergolong rendah, siswa kurang antusias dengan cara belajar konvensional dan mereka kurang memahami konsep dalam belajar matematika. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan inovasi dalam metode pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep serta minat belajar siswa. Salah satu model yang dianggap efektif adalah model TGT yang dapat memfasilitasi pengalaman belajar yang lebih menarik dan menyenangkan. Pengabdian ini untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa setelah diterapkannya Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif TGT. Selain itu, untuk mengetahui ketuntasan klasikan dari hasil belajar murid stelah diajar menggunakan model pembelajaran tersebut. Pengabdian diselenggarakan di MTS Islamiyah Belawan pada semester genap 2023/2024. Penelitian tindakan kelas ialah jenis riset yang diselenggarakan pada lima tahap: penyajian kelas, belajar dalam kelompok, permainan, turnamen dan penghargaan tim. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes dan observasi. Hasil riset yaitu dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif TGT, nilai rataan hasil belajar murid naik ke 68,16 pada siklus pertama dan 84,5 ketika siklus kedua. Dalam siklus I, ketuntasan belajar klasikal naik dari 53,34% menjadi 86,67% sewaktu model pembelajaran TGT diterapkan. Dari 30 murid yang menjalani tes, 26 orang (86,67%) diantaranya memenuhi kriteria tuntas yakni mencapai nilai lebih besar atau sama dengan 75, sedangkan 4 orang (13,33%) tidak mencapai syarat ketuntasan. Sewaktu siklus II didapatkan skor poin rataan observasi aktivitas pelaksanaan pembelajaran di kelas 91,27 dengan golongan paling baik. Sehingga disimpulkan murid memiliki hasil belajar yang lebih baik dengan model pembelajaran TGT. Selanjutnya, ketuntasan hasil belajar mereka tergolong tuntas.
PENGOLAHAN SATE GURITA (Octopus sp.) di UMKM. MINA JAYA MANDIRI, PANTAI KONDANG MERAK, DESA SUMBERBENING, KECAMATAN BANTUR, KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Puspitasari Yunita Eka , Rohmatuzzahro Umi , Hardoko Hardoko , Suprayitno Eddy , Djamaluddin Heder , Tambunan Jeny Ernawati , Panjaitan Mickhael A.P. , Chamidah Anies
Published: October 2024

Satay atau sate merupakan makanan yang sangat digemari oleh siapapun serta cukup popular di Indonesia, Malaysia dan Singapore. Sate dapat diolah dari daging sapi, ayam, domba, serta seafood seperti tuna, kerang. Selama ini, gurita di wilayah pantai Malang Selatan juga terdapat dalam jumlah melimpah pada musimnya serta hanya dijual dalam bentuk gurita segar. UMKM Mina Jaya Mandiri bermaksud menyajikan olahan gurita dalam bentuk sate, sehingga bekerjasama dengan Dinas Perikanan dan Kelautan Kabupaten Malang dan perguruan tinggi Universitas Brawijaya untuk mendapatkan pelatihan diversifikasi olahan gurita dalam hal ini sate gurita. Progam pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk (1) memberikan gambaran secara umum pengolahan sate berbahan gurita (2) melatih pengolah ikan di UMKM Pantai Kondang Merak untuk membuat produk sate gurita dengan menggunakan pemanggang semi mekanis. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan melakukan simulasi pengolahan sate gurita dengan menggunakan pemanggang semi mekanis. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat di UMKM Mina Jaya Mandiri, Pantai Kondang Merak menunjukkan bahwa para pelaku usaha UMKM antusias untuk membuat sate gurita di tempat usaha mereka masing-masing. Aplikasi pemanggang semi mekanis pada pembuatan sate gurita memberi cita rasa yang lebih digemari masyarakat dan lebih efisien dalam hal waktu pemangggangan. Hal ini dapat mendorong pelaku UMKM untuk mengolah gurita segar menjadi sate gurita dengan teknologi pemanggang mekanis serta meningkatkan pendapatan pelaku usaha dari meningkatnya jumlah wisatawan yang berkunjung dan menikmati aneka olahan kuliner makanan laut di Pantai Kondang Merak.