bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mdm2 antagonists induce apoptosis and synergize with cisplatin overcoming chemoresistance in TP53 wild‐type ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Mir Roser , Tortosa Avelina , Martinez‐Soler Fina , Vidal August , Condom Enric , Pérez‐Perarnau Alba , Ruiz‐Larroya Tatiana , Gil Joan , Giménez‐Bonafé Pepita
Published: September 2012

Ovarian cancer (OVCa) is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies. Although treatment for advanced OVCa has improved with the introduction of taxane–platinum chemotherapy, the majority of patients will develop resistance to the treatment, leading to poor prognosis. One of the causes of chemoresistance is the reduced ability to undergo apoptosis. Cisplatin is a genotoxic drug that leads cells to apoptosis through the activation of the p53 pathway. Defective signaling in this pathway compromises p53 function, and thus cisplatin does not induce apoptosis. A new group of nongenotoxic small molecules called Nutlins have been developed to inhibit p53‐Mdm2 binding, inducing apoptosis in chemoresistant tumors through the activation of the p53 pathway. The wild‐type p53 cisplatin‐resistant ovarian cancer cell‐line A2780cis was used to test the effect of Nutlin‐3a (Nut3a) on apoptosis response. The results showed that Nut3a synergized with cisplatin, inducing cell‐cycle arrest in G2/M and potentiating apoptotic cell death. Increased apoptosis was also induced in wild‐type TP53 primary OVCa cultures by double cisplatin–Nut3a treatment. In conclusion, Nut3a appears to sensitize chemoresistant OVCa cells to cisplatin, inducing apoptosis. As increased response was generalized in primary tumors, this cisplatin–Nut3a combination could be useful for the treatment of patients harboring wild‐type TP53 who do not respond to standard chemotherapy.
A review of professor mommy: finding work–family balance in academia
Authors: Williams Jamie M.
Published: September 2012

Rachel Connelly & Kristin Ghodsee. (2011). Professor Mommy: Finding Work–Family Balance in Academia. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group. 232 pages, $25.95 List. ISBN: 978‐1442208582.
Effects of composition and setting environment on mechanical properties of a composite bone filler
Authors: Brown Matthew E. , Zou Yuan , Dziubla Thomas D. , Puleo David A.
Published: September 2012

Large bone defects can be difficult to treat, even with autografts. Bone graft substitutes, such as calcium sulfate (CS), calcium phosphate cements, and hydroxyapatite, are receiving significant attention because of their biocompatibility and potential for incorporation of therapeutic agents. To create a bone filler capable of treating irregularly shaped, often infected, bony defects, microspheres and a plasticizer were added to CS, resulting in a moldable composite capable of being loaded with biomolecules. Different compositions and setting environments, such as immersion in saline, a humidified incubator, or room temperature air, were investigated to determine their effects on mechanical strength and degradation rate of the composites. Addition of any other components to the CS, such as plasticizers or microspheres composed of biopolymers (gelatin, hyaluronan [HY], cellulose acetate phthalate, and carboxymethylcellulose), increased its functionality but reduced mechanical strength. The compressive modulus and strength of the composite fillers ranged from 10 to 350 MPa and 5 to 20 MPa, respectively, depending on the composition. This moldable bone filler degraded in 18–20 days when placed in solution and was able to set in harsh environments given a composition that did not retain too much water. By combining a plasticizing agent, such as HY with CS, a composite material has been developed that is moldable, sets in situ, and maintains its mechanical stability. With these desirable properties for a bone graft substitute and the potential to be loaded with bioactive drugs, this composite material merits further investigation for the future treatment of bony defects. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Evaluation of single‐cell force spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy to determine cell interactions with femtosecond‐laser microstructured titanium surfaces
Authors: Aliuos Pooyan , Fadeeva Elena , Badar Muhammad , Winkel Andreas , Mueller Peter P. , Warnecke Athanasia , Chichkov Boris , Lenarz Thomas , Reich Uta , Reuter Guenter
Published: September 2012

One goal in biomaterials research is to limit the formation of connective tissue around the implant. Antiwetting surfaces are known to reduce ability of cells to adhere. Such surfaces can be achieved by special surface structures (lotus effect). Aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility for creating antiwetting surface structures on titanium and to characterize their effect on initial cell adhesion and proliferation. Titanium microstructures were generated using femtosecond‐ (fs‐) laser pulses. Murine fibroblasts served as a model for connective tissue cells. Quantitative investigation of initial cell adhesion was performed using atomic force microscopy. Fluorescence microscopy was used for the characterization of cell‐adhesion pattern, cell morphology, and proliferation. Water contact angle (WCA) measurements evinced antiwetting properties of laser‐structured surfaces. However, the WCA was decreased in serum‐containing medium. Initial cell adhesion to microstructured titanium was significantly promoted when compared with polished titanium. Microstructures did not influence cell proliferation on titanium surfaces. However, on titanium microstructures, cells showed a flattened morphology, and the cell orientation was biased according to the surface topography. In conclusion, antiwetting properties of surfaces were absent in the presence of serum and did not hinder adhesion and proliferation of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Pharmacological blocking of the osteoclastic biocorrosion of surgical stainless steel in vitro
Authors: Lionetto S. , Little A. , Moriceau G. , Heymann D. , Decurtins M. , Plecko M. , Filgueira L. , Cadosch D.
Published: September 2012

In vitro studies suggest that human osteoclasts (OC) are able to corrode surgical stainless steel 316L (SS). The aim of this study was to investigate whether osteoclastic biocorrosion can be blocked pharmacologically. Human OCs were generated in vitro from peripheral blood monocytic cells (PBMCs) in the presence of OC differentiation cytokines. The osteoclastic viability, differentiation, and resorptive function (on both bone and SS) were assessed using standard colorimetric cell viability assay 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(3‐carboxymethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(4‐sulfophenil)‐2H‐tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS), fluorescence microscopy, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase expression (flow cytometry), and scanning electron microscopy. OCs cultured on SS were exposed to nontoxic concentrations of bafilomycin A1, amiloride hydrochloride, or zoledronic acid. The extent of biocorrosion was quantified using atomic emission spectrometry (to measure the concentration of metal ions released into the supernatant) and scanning electron microscopy. PBMCs differentiated into mature and functional OC in the presence of all the drugs used. Osteoclastic resorption of SS was noted with differences in the resorption pattern for all drug treatments. Under the drug treatments, single areas of osteoclastic resorption were larger in size but less abundant when compared with positive controls. None of the drugs used were able to inhibit osteoclastic biocorrosion of SS. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Synthesis and Functionalization of 8‐Methyl‐2h‐pyrimido [2,1‐c][1,2,4]triazine‐3,6(1h,4h)‐dione
Authors: Jakubkiene Virginija , Cepla Vytautas , Burbuliene Milda M. , Vainilavicius Povilas
Published: September 2012

6‐Methyl‐2‐methylthio‐4‐oxopyrimidin‐3(4H)‐yl)acetohydrazide on heating in benzylamine undergo cyclization to 8‐methyl‐2H‐pyrimido[2,1‐c][1,2,4]triazine‐3,6(1H, 4H)‐dione, which under treatment with bromine in glacial acetic acid was converted to 7‐bromo substituted derivative and at reflux with Lawesson's reagent yielded 3‐thioxo compound. The latter reacted with primary and secondary amines to give 3‐amino substituted pyrimidotriazines and on alkylation—the corresponding S‐alkyl derivatives.
A Theoretical Study of NBO, NICS, and14N NQR Parameters of Adenine Tautomers in the Gas Phase via DFT
Authors: Zahedi Ehsan
Published: September 2012

The natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS), and14N NQR parameters of the most stable tautomers of adenine in the gas phase were predicted using density functional theory method. The NBO analysis revealed that the resonance interaction between lone pair of the nitrogen atom and empty non‐Lewis NBO increases with increasing the p character of the nitrogen lone pair. The present investigation indicated the π clouds in both the considered heterocyclic rings containing six electrons, and these tautomers has the aromatic character. The NICS study utilizing the gauge‐invariant atomic orbital method showed that there are diatropic currents in the heterocyclic rings of the tautomers, so we determined the order of overall aromaticity of these tautomers. The results of NQR parameter calculations showed three parameters are effective on nuclear quadrupole coupling constant; the p character value of lone pair electrons of nitrogens, and the related occupancies and whenever, the lone pair electrons of nitrogens participate in the formation of chemical bond and/or π system of the ring, theqzzand consequently its χ decreases.
Synthesis of New PMB‐Substituted Indoles Containing 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole and 1,2,4‐Triazole Units
Authors: Farghaly Abdel‐Rahman , Haider Norbert , Lee Duck‐Hyung
Published: September 2012

A series of new indolyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 10, indolyl‐1,2,4‐triazole derivatives 14 and 15 was prepared, using 1‐(4‐methoxybenzyl)‐1H‐indole‐3‐carbohydrazide (2) as a key intermediate. Some of the new compounds were evaluated for their antineoplastic activity.
Synthesis and NMR Spectroscopic Characteristics of a Series of Hydrazide‐Hydrazones Containing Furoxan Ring Derived from Isoeugenoxyacetic Acid
Authors: Dinh Nguyen Huu , Tuyet Lan Hoang Thi , Thu Trang Tran Thi , Van Hoan Pham
Published: September 2012

A novel hydrazide, 2‐methoxy‐4‐(3‐methyfuroxan‐4‐yl)‐5‐nitrophenoxyacetylhydrazine, was prepared from isoeugenoxyacetic acid. The hydrazide was condensed with aromatic aldehydes to give a series of 20 hydrazide‐hydrazones incorporating the furoxan ring. The structure of obtained compounds was determined by analytical and spectral data. It was demonstrated that the two sets of resonance signals in the 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR spectra of the examined hydrazide‐hydrazones are caused by EN–C(O) and ZN–C(O) conformers. The energy barriers for the conformation exchange were determined by 1H‐NMR‐measurement at various temperatures. Among seven tested hydrazide‐hydrazones, four compounds exhibit inhibition activities in vitro on human epidermis carcinoma (KB‐cell) with IC50 = 47, 68, 79, and 103 μg/mL.
CNS‐Agent Precursor: A Simple and Efficient Synthesis of an Antipsychotic Drug Fluanisone
Authors: Narsaiah A. Venkat , Nagaiah B. , Devi B. Karuna
Published: September 2012

An efficient synthesis of antipsychotic drug fluanisone has been carried out in seven steps with an overall yield of 32.2%. The synthesis was started from 4‐fluorobenzaldehyde. All the reactions were very clean and the isolation of products was very easy.
Syntheses, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activities of Four New Schiff Base Compounds Derived from 1‐Phenyl‐3‐methyl‐4‐benzoyl‐2‐pyrazolin‐5‐one
Authors: Liu Chong‐Bo , Chen Yuan , Yan Liu‐Shui , Huang De‐He , Xiong Zhi‐Qiang
Published: September 2012

Four new Schiff bases were designed and synthesized. 5‐Methyl‐4‐(4‐aminophenylamino‐phenyl‐methylene)‐2‐phenyl‐2,4‐dihydro‐pyrazol‐3‐one (compound 1) and 5‐methyl‐4‐(2‐aminophenylamino‐phenyl‐methylene)‐2‐phenyl‐2,4‐dihydro‐pyrazol‐3‐one (compound 2) were synthesized by interaction of 1‐phenyl‐3‐methyl‐4‐benzoyl‐2‐pyrazolin‐5‐one (PMBP) with o‐ and p‐phenylenediamine, respectively; 4,4′‐(1,2‐phenylenebis(azanediyl)bis(phenylmethanylylidene))bis(3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐5(4H)‐one) (compound 3) and 5‐methyl‐4‐(phenyl(2‐((3‐phenylallylidene)amino)phenylamino)methylene)‐2‐phenyl‐2,4‐dihydro‐pyrazol‐3‐one (compound 4) were synthesized by interaction of compound 2 with PMBP and cinnamaldehyde in an ethanolic medium, respectively. The molecular structures of the title compounds were first characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The title compounds were tested for antibacterial activity (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis) by disk diffusion method.
The Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐pyrazine‐2‐carbohydrazide and 3‐Amino‐N′‐methylpyrazine‐2‐carbohydrazide Derivatives
Authors: Milczarska Barbara , Gobis Katarzyna , Foks Henryk , Golunski Lukasz , Sowinski Pawel
Published: September 2012

In research of new biologically active compounds, the reactions of amino‐pyrazin‐2‐hydrazide and methylhydrazide with isothiocyanates, aromatic aldehydes, ketones, CS2, and formic acid were made. New thiosemicarbazides, 1,3,4‐thiadiazoles, 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles, and 1,2,4‐triazoles were obtained. New 4‐oxopteridine derivative 26 was also synthesized.
Microwave‐Assisted Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Pyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Yan Shengjiao , Niu Yanfei , Chen Xuebing , Liu Yongjiang , Lin Jun
Published: September 2012

We here described an efficient method for the synthesis of a series of highly functionalized pyrimidines via the addition and condensation reaction of ketene dithioacetals with guanidine carbonate or amidine hydrochlorides by microwave irradiation under solvent‐free conditions in the absence of a catalyst, giving the products with good yields (79–98%).
Novel and Convenient Synthesis of Benzofurans from Dihydrocoumarins
Authors: Shachan‐Tov Sharona , Frimer Aryeh A.
Published: September 2012

7‐Hydroxy‐3,4‐dihydrocoumarin‐4‐carboxylic acid (7), conveniently prepared from m‐resorcinol and maleic anhydride, was surprisingly transformed by acid anhydride and pyridine into the corresponding ketone, 4‐alkanoyl analog 11. The latter reacted in turn with acidic alcohol yielding benzofuran‐3‐yl‐acetic ester 16.
How Diverse are Tourists with Disabilities? A Pilot Study on Accessible Leisure Tourism Experiences in Portugal
Authors: Figueiredo Elisabete , Eusébio Celeste , Kastenholz Elisabeth
Published: September 2012

Literature dealing with tourism and disability mostly stresses the frequent exclusion of impaired persons and emphasizes the benefits associated with tourism activities, neglecting the diversity of impairments. This paper takes a different approach, by analyzing the diverse forms of being disabled, meaning different abilities to participate in tourism and diverse capabilities of experiencing leisure activities. An exploratory survey directed to 200 persons with disabilities was undertaken in Portugal. Market segmentation was based on the commonly defined types of impairment: intellectual, motor, hearing and visual. Evidence suggests statistical differences among segments regarding travel behavior, motivations, interests and needs, motivated by diverse types of disabilities. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining Group‐Based Exposure Therapy With Prolonged Exposure to Treat U.S. Vietnam Veterans With PTSD: A Case Study
Authors: Ready David J. , Vega Edward M. , Worley Virginia , Bradley Bekh
Published: September 2012

Group‐based exposure therapy (GBET) of 16‐week duration was developed to treat combat‐related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and decreased PTSD symptoms in 3 noncontrolled open trials with low attrition (0%–5%). Group‐based exposure therapy has not produced as much PTSD symptom reduction as Prolonged Exposure (PE) within a U.S. Veterans Affairs PTSD treatment program, although PE had more dropouts (20%). This pilot study was of a model that combined key elements of GBET with components of PE in an effort to increase the effectiveness of a group‐based treatment while reducing its length and maintaining low attrition. Twice per week, 8 Vietnam combat veterans with PTSD were treated for 12 weeks, with an intervention that included 2 within‐group war trauma presentations per participant, 6 PE style individual imaginal exposure (IE) sessions per participant, daily listening to recorded IE sessions, and daily in vivo exposure exercises. All completed treatment and showed Significant reductions on all measures of PTSD with large effect sizes; 7 participants no longer met PTSD criteria on treating clinician administered interviews and a self‐report measure at posttreatment. Significant reductions in depression with large effect sizes and moderate reductions in PTSD‐related cognitions were also found. Most gains were maintained 6 months posttreatment.
pH Impedance and high‐resolution manometry in laryngopharyngeal reflux disease high‐dose proton pump inhibitor failures
Authors: Carroll Thomas L. , Fedore Lauren W. , Aldahlawi Moataz M.
Published: September 2012

Objectives/Hypothesis:

Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) patients often fail empiric treatment with high‐dose, twice‐daily (BID) proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Further testing is warranted to rule in or out nonacid reflux (NAR) or breakthrough acid reflux (BAR) as the etiology of the symptoms. Results of coordinated multichannel intraluminal pH impedance (MII) and high‐resolution esophageal manometry (HRM) testing while patients are on high‐dose BID PPIs is lacking in the LPRD population. The objective of this study is to evaluate if coordinated MII and HRM aid in the management of patients with persistent LPRD symptoms despite high dose BID PPIs.

Study Design:

Retrospective case series.

Methods:

MII and HRM were administered while on medication to 23 persistent LPRD subjects who had failed 3 months of high‐dose BID PPIs. Number and pH of total and proximal reflux episodes, DeMeester score, reflux symptom correlation, and motility/physiology findings were recorded. Subjects were grouped into significant NAR, BAR, or nonsignificant NAR.

Results:

Fifty‐two percent of subjects had significant NAR and 22% had BAR despite high‐dose BID PPIs. Statistically significant differences were found between groups for the MII outcomes of DeMeester score, number of total and proximal reflux events, and nonacid reflux events. HRM demonstrated dysmotility in five subjects.

Conclusions:

For recalcitrant LPRD subjects who fail empiric high‐dose BID PPI therapy, this study demonstrated significant NAR or BAR in 74% of subjects. Evaluation by MII and HRM performed on PPI therapy proved useful for diagnosis and further management. Laryngoscope, 2012
Treating hearing loss in patients with infantile bartter syndrome
Authors: Kontorinis Georgios , Giesemann Anja M. , Iliodromiti Zoe , Weidemann Juergen , Aljeraisi Talal , Schwab Burkard
Published: September 2012

Objectives/Hypothesis:

Most existing studies about infantile Bartter syndrome (BS) have focused on renal function, and deafness has not been closely studied. Our objective was to evaluate the treatment of hearing impairment in children with infantile BS and analyze relevant, unexplored issues.

Study Design:

Retrospective chart review.

Methods:

The present study was conducted in a tertiary referral center over a 20‐year period involving children with infantile BS. Demographic factors, general health status, genetic information, features of hearing loss, and the outcome of cochlear implantation as determined mainly by the categories of auditory performance (CAP), as well as imaging of the temporal bones, were evaluated.

Results:

Six children with infantile BS were identified, four girls and two boys. One child had terminal renal insufficiency and one had undergone kidney transplantation; all children had several hospital admissions due to renal dysfunction. Sensorineural hearing loss was congenital, bilateral, and profound in all children. Five patients were treated with cochlear implants resulting in improved speech perception and development without any exceptional performance (CAP scores, 4–6), mainly because of the delayed treatment and the comorbidities. Anatomic ear anomalies were not observed in any case.

Conclusions:

Hearing loss in children with infantile BS is congenital and profound but not related to inner ear malformations. Although cochlear implantation results in certain benefits, general health status and delayed referral to cochlear implant centers have a negative impact on speech perception and development. Laryngoscope, 2012
Methicillin‐resistant and methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus laryngitis
Authors: Shah Manish D. , Klein Adam M.
Published: September 2012

Objectives/Hypothesis:

Despite the fact that a wide variety of head and neck methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections have been described, only four cases of MRSA laryngitis are reported in the literature. Our clinical experience suggests that this diagnosis is more common and can be more subtle that previously reported. The objective of this study was to identify and describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of MRSA and methicillin‐sensitive S
aureus (MSSA) laryngitis, highlighting the in‐office workup of these patients.

Study Design:

Retrospective case series.

Methods:

All patients with a culture‐proven diagnosis of S
aureus laryngitis treated within the Emory Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery at Emory University between 2007 and 2011. Demographic, diagnostic, and treatment data were retrospectively collected from the patients' hospital records.

Results:

Three patients with culture‐proven MRSA laryngitis were identified. Three further cases of MSSA were also identified. Patients ranged in age from 34 to 74 years. All three patients with MRSA were diabetics. All six patients in the study were current or past users of cigarettes. The most common presenting symptoms were vocal roughness, vocal fatigue, and decreased vocal endurance. There were no symptoms of airway or swallowing compromise. The duration of symptoms at the time of initial assessment ranged from 3 months to 5 years, and most patients had undergone numerous previous treatments. Common signs on laryngeal examination included thickened vocal fold epithelium, whitish debris or the appearance of leukoplakia, edema, and crusting. Signs and symptoms were similar in MRSA and MSSA patients. The diagnosis was made in all patients via awake in‐office culture of the larynx. All patients were treated with a prolonged course of trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (2–4 weeks). Although repeated courses of treatment were required, most patients had an excellent response to treatment.

Conclusions:

This is the largest, single, case series of patients with MRSA laryngitis. Our study findings suggest that the diagnosis may be more common than previously recognized, and that the presenting signs and symptoms may be subtle and similar to MSSA. Diagnosis can be made via in‐office laryngeal culture. Clinicians must have a high index of suspicion for this diagnosis. Laryngoscope, 2012
Computed tomography has low yield in the evaluation of idiopathic unilateral true vocal fold paresis
Authors: Badia Pedro I. , Hillel Alexander T. , Shah Manish D. , Johns Michael M. , Klein Adam M.
Published: September 2012

Objective/Hypothesis:

To determine the clinical yield of neck and chest computed tomography in the initial assessment of patients with idiopathic unilateral true vocal fold paresis.

Study Design:

Retrospective chart review.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review of consecutive adult patients with idiopathic unilateral true vocal fold paresis diagnosed by stroboscopy in a tertiary‐care voice center from 2003 to 2010.

Results:

There were 176 patients with unilateral vocal fold paresis of which 81 subjects had idiopathic unilateral true vocal fold paresis. Of these, 60 patients (74.1%) had a computed tomography workup. Fifty‐nine patients (98.3%) had a normal computed tomography while one patient had a single mediastinal lymph node that was PET‐CT negative. This demonstrates an initial 1.7% yield and ultimate 0% yield of the computed tomography workup.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that computed tomography workup has a low yield for occult neck and mediastinal pathology in patients with idiopathic unilateral true vocal fold paresis. Chest and neck computed tomography may not be clinically beneficial provided the patient has good otolaryngologic and medical follow‐up. Laryngoscope, 2013
Intranasal hydrocodone‐acetaminophen abuse induced necrosis of the nasal cavity and pharynx
Authors: Alexander David , Alexander Keith , Valentino Joseph
Published: September 2012

Objectives:

Two million new users will abuse prescription narcotics this year, most commonly hydrocodone. The most commonly prescribed form is hydrocodone‐acetaminophen (HA). Many individuals crush the tablets and snort the product to take advantage of the rapid transmucosal delivery of narcotics. The resultant pathology of intranasal hydrocodone acetaminophen abuse (INHAA) has been described only in a few case studies.

Study Design:

Retrospective chart review.

Methods:

Two private and one academic otolaryngology practices in Kentucky searched their patient charts for patients with morbidity from intranasal abuse of hydrocodone acetaminophen tablets. We identified thirty‐five patients who presented for treatment between 2004 and 2011.

Results:

The majority of patients will initially deny the behavior, frequently delaying diagnosis. Physical exam findings of white powder covering an underlying nasal mucosal necrosis are characteristic of this condition during active INHAA. Follow up was limited as only 26% returned for follow‐up care. Patients commonly presented with orofacial‐nasal pain (43%) andsino‐nasal congestion and discharge (43%). Active necrosis or prior tissue loss was noted in 77% of patients. Fifty‐one percent of patients presented with septal perforations, and 26% with palatal perforations. Two cases of invasive fungal sinusitis were clearly documented, with one resulting in death.

Conclusions:

The vast majority of cases presented with characteristic physical findings that included acute necrosis of soft tissue, which can progress to destroy oronasal structures. In the absence of invasive fungal disease, the condition is self‐limited after cessation of INHAA and performance of local nasal debridement and nasal hygiene. Laryngoscope, 2012
Intralesional steroid injection for benign vocal fold disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Chi‐Te , Liao Li‐Jen , Cheng Po‐Wen , Lo Wu‐Chia , Lai Mei‐Shu
Published: September 2012

Objective:

Emerging literature had documented the potential usefulness of vocal fold steroid injection (VFSI) as an alternative treatment option for benign vocal lesions. This study aims to conduct a qualitative synthesis and quantitative meta‐analysis of vocal fold steroid injection

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods:

Electronic databases were searched using relevant keywords. Extracted data include author, year of publication, diagnosis, steroid regimen, recurrence and side effects. Reported treatment outcomes were clustered into five categories, i.e. subjective, perceptual, acoustic, aerodynamic, and stroboscopic. Meta‐analyses were performed on studies with numerical results using random effects model.

Results:

Six articles were identified with a total of 321 patients. All the studies reported significant improvements after VFSI in each category of outcome measurements. Proposed indications for VFSI include vocal nodules, polyp/cyst, Reinke's edema, and scar. Meta‐analysis demonstrated a significant increase in maximal phonation time after VFSI by 1.82 seconds (p<0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.29 ≈ 3.35) and a 27.61 points decrease in voice handicap index (p<0.001, 95% CI: 16.49 ≈ 38.73). Adverse effects include local hematoma, whitish deposition of triamcinolone, and mild vocal fold atrophy, which resolve spontaneously within 1 to 2 months. The recurrence rate after VFSI was between 4% and 31%.

Conclusions:

VFSI is well‐tolerated under local anesthesia in the office setting. The invasiveness and morbidity of VFSI are low and the side effects are self‐limited. Meta‐analyses demonstrated significant improvements from both objective and subjective measurements. Further controlled studies with longer follow‐up periods may evaluate the effectiveness of VFSI more reliably. Laryngoscope, 2013
Ototopical neomycin exposure in children with nonintact tympanic membranes
Authors: Winterstein Almut G. , Castillo Juan M. Hincapie , Xu Dandan , Liu Wei , Antonelli Patrick J.
Published: September 2012

Objectives/Hypothesis:

Although contraindicated, neomycin otic preparations may be administered to children with nonintact tympanic membranes (TMs), such as tympanostomy tubes or TM perforations. The goal of this study was to assess the magnitude of neomycin exposure in children with nonintact TMs.

Study Design:

Retrospective drug utilization study.

Methods:

Medicaid claims data (years 1999–2006) from 28 states for children aged 0 to 18 years were analyzed to identify new cases of tube placement or TM perforation. Cases were followed for 12 months to determine neomycin otic utilization.

Results:

Of the 300,470 children with nonintact TMs, neomycin otic preparations were prescribed in 43,815 (15%). Nontoxic agents (ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin) were used in 48%. In 19%, neomycin preparations were prescribed at the day of initial nonintact TM diagnosis, 52% and 71% within the first 3 or 6 months, respectively. Neomycin otic utilization decreased from 27% in cases diagnosed in 1999 to 7% in 2005 (P < .0001).

Conclusions:

Many children with nonintact TMs receive exposure to agents with potential ototoxicity, despite the availability of safer alternatives. Further study is necessary to determine why neomycin otic preparations continue to be prescribed in the presence of nonintact TMs and if such exposure is associated with ototoxicity. Laryngoscope, 2012
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and rhinosinusitis: The utility of screening sinus computed tomography
Authors: Fulmer Susan , Kim Sung‐won , Mace Jess C. , Leach Matthew E. , Tarima Sergey , Xiang Qun , Soler Zachary M. , Bredeson Christopher , Loehrl Todd A. , Poetker David M.
Published: September 2012

Objectives/Hypothesis:

To compare prehematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) sinus computed tomography (CT) scans to post‐SCT sinus CT scans and to evaluate the relationship between pre‐SCT sinus CT scans and the incidence of otolaryngology consultation after SCT.

Study Design:

Retrospective chart review.

Methods:

Charts of 228 adult SCT patients from January 2003 to June 2009 with pre‐SCT sinus CT scans were reviewed. Data gathered included diagnosis, type of SCT, otolaryngology referral requests, and rhinosinusitis management. Pre‐ and post‐SCT sinus CT scans were scored using the staging system introduced by Lund and Mackay.

Results:

Two hundred thirty‐nine SCTs were performed on the 228 patients included in this study. No disease was identified on 25.1% of pre‐SCT CT scans, mild sinus inflammation was identified on 60.7% of scans, 11.3% had moderate inflammation, and 2.9% had severe inflammation. Pre‐SCT scans were found to be predictive of post‐SCT CT scans. A significant proportion of patients demonstrated worsening of their Lund‐Mackay score post‐SCT. Pre‐SCT CT scores had no predictive ability for otolaryngology consultations.

Conclusions:

Pre‐SCT CT scan scores are associated with post‐SCT scan scores; disease severity on CT may worsen following SCT and may be useful for stratifying patients into surgical versus non‐surgical candidates. Further study is needed to outline the benefit of sinus surgery in these patients. Laryngoscope, 2012
Results after u‐shaped pectoralis major myocutaneous flap reconstruction of circumferential pharyngeal defects
Authors: Espitalier Florent , Ferron Christophe , Leux Christophe , Jégoux Franck , Durand Nicolas , Beauvillain de Montreuil Claude , Malard Olivier
Published: September 2012

Objectives/Hypothesis:

To evaluate surgical, functional, carcinologic results after circumferential pharyngolaryngectomy and reconstruction with U‐shaped pectoralis major myocutaneous flap.

Study Design:

Retrospective case series.

Methods:

Forty‐one patients included spanning a 6‐year period.

Results:

General and local complications occurred in 10% and 22% of patients respectively, without early death. Swallowing and vocal functions were satisfactory for 82% and 43% of patients respectively, despite 39% of neopharynx stricture and 22% of pharyngocutaneous fistula. With a 20‐month mean follow‐up, cancer recurrence was present in 58% of patients. The overall survival rate was 29% at 3 years.

Conclusions:

This flap is simple, reliable, and allows adequate reconstruction of the hypopharynx. However, the neopharynx stricture rate is high and the quality of voice rehabilitation is poor when compared with free flaps. This procedure, which is an option for the reconstruction of circumferential pharyngeal defects, must be considered in selected cases. Laryngoscope, 2012
Adenosine increases nasal mucociliary clearance rate in mice through A2A and A2B adenosine receptors
Authors: Hua Xiaoyang , Naselsky Warren C. , Bennett William D. , Ledent Catherine , Senior Brent A. , Tilley Stephen L.
Published: September 2012

Objectives/Hypothesis:

Mucociliary clearance (MCC) is an important mechanism of host defense in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Impaired MCC plays a critical role in the development and perpetuation of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The aim of this investigation was to determine the influence of adenosine on nasal MCC, and to determine the receptors mediating this physiology in vivo.

Study Design:

Prospective study using an animal model.

Methods:

Nasal MCC was measured by whole‐nose scintigraphic acquisition in vivo. The effects of both endogenous and exogenous adenosine were investigated in wild‐type and adenosine receptor knockout (A, A, AA, and A A) mice.

Results:

Exogenous adenosine aerosol robustly enhanced nasal MCC. The augmentation of MCC by adenosine was abolished in mice lacking both A2A and A2B receptors, but remained robust in mice lacking either A2A or A2B. Likewise, basal nasal MCC was reduced in mice lacking both the A2A and A2B receptors, but was statistically identical among wild‐type mice and mice lacking either A2A or A2B.

Conclusions:

These findings indicate that activation of both Gs‐coupled adenosine receptors can accelerate nasal MCC. Targeting these receptors may represent a novel therapeutic approach for enhancing MCC in CRS. Laryngoscope, 2012
Optical microfiber passive components
Authors: Ismaeel Rand , Lee Timothy , Ding Ming , Belal Mohammed , Brambilla Gilberto
Published: September 2012

Optical microfiber waveguides with diameters close to the wavelength of light possess an intriguing combination of properties, such a tight modal confinement, tailorable dispersion, and high nonlinearity, which have been utilized in many passive applications. Here, the key fabrication techniques and optical properties of microfibers are introduced, followed by a discussion of the various passive microfiber devices and sensors. Applications exploiting their strong confinement are reviewed, including harmonic generation, supercontinuum sources, gratings, tips for optical trapping and intracellular sensing and subwavelength light sources, as well as devices based on large evanescent fields such as couplers, interferometers, optical manipulators, sensors, and resonators. Furthermore, the properties and practical intricacies of manufacturing various microfiber resonators are evaluated, with a focus on their applications in sensing ranging from temperature monitoring to current, pressure, refractive index and chemicals detection.
Resilient Amorphous Networks Prepared by Photo‐Crosslinking High‐Molecular‐Weight D,L‐Lactide and Trimethylene Carbonate Macromers: Mechanical Properties and Shape‐Memory Behavior
Authors: Sharifi Shahriar , Grijpma Dirk W.
Published: September 2012

Tough networks are prepared by photo‐crosslinking high‐molecular‐weight DLLA and TMC macromers. These amorphous networks exhibit tunable thermal and mechanical properties and have excellent shape‐memory features. Variation of the monomer ratio allows adjustment of Tg between approximately −13 and +51 °C. The elastic moduli at room temperature can be varied between 4.5 and 2730 MPa. The crosslinks allow the networks to return to their original shape after deformation. 60:40 DLLA:TMC networks have Tg values between room temperature and body temperature, with mechanical properties at body temperature close to soft tissues. Several medical devices are prepared from these networks.

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Unequivocal 13C NMR assignment of cyclohexadienyl rings in bromotyrosine‐derived metabolites from marine sponges
Authors: Kalaitzis John A. , Davis Rohan A. , Quinn Ronald J.
Published: September 2012

Bromotyrosine‐derived compounds are commonly isolated from Verongida sponges and are a major class of marine natural products. Here we report on the unequivocal 13C NMR assignment of the brominated carbons at positions C‐2 and C‐4 of the cyclohexadiene ring, two carbons whose resonances are often incorrectly assigned. Interpretation of HMBC data acquired for a series of known bromotyrosine analogues, which included ianthesine E (1), aerothionin (2), 11‐hydroxyaerothionin (3), and 11,19‐dideoxyfistularin‐3 (4), allowed us to unequivocally assign the carbons in question, C‐2 and C‐4, through the observance of unique HMBC correlations from the C‐1 hydroxyl proton. Here we present the complete 2D NMR data sets recorded in DMSO‐d6 for 2–4 that were used to confirm the assignment and establish the working model. Using this model, a survey of the literature revealed that many members of this structure class had been wrongly assigned. This paper serves to reassign those compounds whose 13C NMR assignment at positions C‐2 and C‐4 of the cyclohexadiene ring should be reversed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What do social marketing programmes reveal about social marketing? Evidence from South Asia
Authors: Saini Gordhan K. , Mukul Kumar
Published: September 2012

Although social marketing is growing as a discipline, there are several social marketing programmes (SMPs) across the world which can guide us in achieving a better understanding of social marketing. In this paper, using a case study approach, we map the SMPs to the six Ps of marketing; and then attempt to provide key observations about the South Asian SMPs by critically reviewing and comparing them with the social marketing success stories of the USA. Important insights are provided on the variations in SMP strategies by the region and type of social issue. The role of partnership is important in making social marketing initiatives in developing countries effective and sustainable by providing support in manufacturing and distributing quality products at an affordable rate and in remote areas. We propose that the ‘Partnership P’ should be given equal importance as the classical four Ps of marketing mix. Moreover, the South Asian initiatives seem to be broader than those of the USA and therefore, perhaps there exist more learning opportunities for scholars from the experiences of South Asian social marketing initiatives. The social marketer should be cognizant of regional dissimilarities in terms of income, location, language, literacy, product requirement and culture, and these may be factored in the design and execution of future social marketing strategies. However, the limited number of case studies may restrict the generalisability of the findings and a further probing may be suggested with better coverage of diverse SMPs.

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of fiber surface treatments on the properties of short sisal fiber/poly(lactic acid) biocomposites
Authors: Zou Hantao , Wang Luoxin , Gan Houlei , Yi Changhai
Published: September 2012

Sisal fiber (SF)‐reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposites were prepared from biodegradable PLA and surface‐untreated or ‐treated short SF by melt mixing and subsequent compression molding. It is found that the surface treatments facilitate good adhesion between SFs and PLA matrix, which is consistent with the higher mechanical properties of the treated‐SF/PLA biocomposites. Moreover, the surface treatments have similar effects on the biodegradability and water absorption of the biocomposites with the order as following: neat PLA < acetylated SF (A‐SF)/PLA biocomposite ≈ silane‐treated SF (S‐SF)/PLA biocomposite < permanganate‐treated SF (P‐SF)/PLA biocomposite < mercerized SF (M‐SF)/PLA biocomposite < untreated fiber (U‐SF)/PLA biocomposite. In terms of overall consideration of the properties, acetylation treatment seems to be the most desirable surface method owing to the maximum tensile strength and water resistance, medium impact strength, and minimum degradability of the A‐SF/PLA biocomposite. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
The magnetic field effect during preparation of an interpenetrated hybrid polymeric composite
Authors: Nita L.E. , Chiriac A.P. , Bercea M. , Neamtu I.
Published: September 2012

An interpenetrated structure based on poly(aspartic acid), poly(ethylene glycol), and collagen was realized to be used as matrix for future coupling of bioactive substances. The magnetic field influence on the interpenetrated network formation is investigated by dynamic rheology. The results were correlated with zeta potential, conductivity, and also optical microscopy observations. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Sensing of damage in carbon nanotubes and carbon black‐embedded epoxy under tensile loading
Authors: Vadlamani Venkat K. , Chalivendra Vijaya B. , Shukla Arun , Yang Sze
Published: September 2012

In situ sensing of damage in epoxy embedded separately with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon black (CB) microparticles is investigated under quasi‐static uniaxial tensile loading. Three different weight fractions of CNTs (0.1, 0.3%, and 0.5%) and one‐weight fraction of CB (10%) are used to generate a conductive network in epoxy. A modified four circumferential ring probes technique is employed and a constant current was applied through the outer probes. The resulting voltage drop between the inner probes is measured using a high‐resolution electrometer‐based system to determine the resistance change associated with nonlinear deformation, damage initiation, and growth in the material. As the generated conductive network is different with changing weight fractions of CNTs, the resulting electrical response was identified to be significantly different between composites. The nonlinear deformation associated with the unfolding of entangled polymer chains and further straightening of them, decreased the distance between neighboring CNTs, resulting in improved electron hopping. For CB‐embedded epoxy, a very high percentage increase in resistance is noticed when compared to CNTs case owing to induced microcracks associated with agglomerated CB particles. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
An Empirical Identification of Project Management Toolsets and a Comparison among Project Types
Authors: Besner Claude , Hobbs Brian
Published: September 2012

This article presents the results of an empirical investigation of project management practice. Practice is investigated through the study of the extent of use of a large number of practices, tools, and techniques specific to project management. A sample of 2,339 practitioners participating in a large-scale international survey is used for this article. The sample size and the diversity of contexts in which the respondents are working render the analysis feasible and the results reliable. The data is analyzed to identify patterns of practice. More specifically, using principal component analysis, the research identifies patterns that demonstrate that practitioners use project management tools and techniques in groups or “toolsets.” A brief attempt is made to compare results with A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) (PMI, 2008) Knowledge Areas and Process Groups. The article also shows how practice varies with the management of different types of projects: engineering and construction; business and financial services; information technology (IT) and telecommunications; and software development projects. The identification of these variations has important consequences for practice and for the study of practice.
Dynamic 1H NMR investigation along with a theoretical study around the C–C and C = C bonds in a particular phosphorus ylide
Authors: Habibi‐Khorassani Sayyed Mostafa , Maghsoodlou Malek Taher , Ebrahimi Ali , Mohammadi Marzyeh , Shahraki Mehdi , Aghdaei Elham
Published: September 2012

In the present work, the dynamic 1H NMR effects were investigated at variable temperatures within a particular phosphorus ylide involving a 2‐benzoxazolinone around the carbon–carbon single bond and also partial carbon–carbon double bond in two Z‐ and E‐rotational isomers. Activation and kinetic parameters including ΔH≠, ΔG≠, ΔS≠ and Ea were determined in accord with the dynamic 1H NMR data for three rotational processes. In addition, theoretical studies based upon rotation around the same bonds were investigated using ab initio and DFT methods at the HF/6‐31G(d,p) and B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p) levels of theory. Theoretical activation and kinetic parameters including ΔH≠, ΔG≠, ΔS≠ and Ea were calculated at 298 K and experimental temperatures for five rotational processes. These results (experimental and theoretical), taken together, indicate that the rotational energy barrier around the C = C double bond was considerably high and the observation of the two rotational isomers was impossible (seen as a single isomer) at the high temperatures, in this case rotation around the C = C bond was too fast on the NMR time scale. When the temperature was relatively low, the rate of rotation was sufficiently slow; therefore, observation of the two Z‐ and E‐isomers was possible. In addition, calculations at the HF/6‐31G(d,p) level of theory showed very favorable results in agreement with the experimental data on rotation around the C = C bond. While, B3LYP level using the 6‐31G(d,p) basis set was provided the reasonable data for the restricted rotations around the C–C and C–N single bond. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Midgap states, Raman scattering, glass homogeneity, percolative rigidity and stress transitions in chalcogenides
Authors: Boolchand P. , Gunasekera K. , Bhosle S.
Published: September 2012

Raman scattering from binary GexSe100 − x glasses excited using 1064 nm radiation display vibrational modes whose linewidths significantly exceed those observed using 647 nm radiation. In these glasses, 1064 nm radiation excites midgap states while 647 nm radiation excites conduction band tail states. Presence of midgap states in glasses, ascribed to coordination defects, is responsible for vibrational mode broadening that smears glass compositional variation of mode frequency using 1064 nm radiation but not with the 647 nm radiation. In the latter, mode‐frequency variation of Corner‐ (CS) and Edge‐sharing (ES) tetrahedral units, in specially prepared homogeneous glasses, display thresholds near the rigidity (x = 19.5%) and stress (x = 26.0%) transitions, opening an intermediate phase (IP) that correlates well with the reversibility window (blue region) observed in calorimetric measurements (figure on the right).

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Compositional trends in the non‐reversing enthalpy of relaxation at Tg, ΔHnr(x), in binary GexSe100 − x glasses examined in 1997, 2009, and 2011. The reversibility window (blue region) progressively sharpens to acquire a square‐well like behaviour as melts/glasses homogenize. Figure taken from Ref. 1.