bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building a realistic, scalable memory model with independent engrams using a homeostatic mechanism
Authors: Kaster Marvin , Czappa Fabian , Butz-Ostendorf Markus , Wolf Felix
Published: April 2024

Memory formation is usually associated with Hebbian learning and synaptic plasticity, which changes the synaptic strengths but omits structural changes. A recent study suggests that structural plasticity can also lead to silent memory engrams, reproducing a conditioned learning paradigm with neuron ensembles. However, this study is limited by its way of synapse formation, enabling the formation of only one memory engram. Overcoming this, our model allows the formation of many engrams simultaneously while retaining high neurophysiological accuracy, e.g., as found in cortical columns. We achieve this by substituting the random synapse formation with the Model of Structural Plasticity. As a homeostatic model, neurons regulate their activity by growing and pruning synaptic elements based on their current activity. Utilizing synapse formation based on the Euclidean distance between the neurons with a scalable algorithm allows us to easily simulate 4 million neurons with 343 memory engrams. These engrams do not interfere with one another by default, yet we can change the simulation parameters to form long-reaching associations. Our model's analysis shows that homeostatic engram formation requires a certain spatiotemporal order of events. It predicts that synaptic pruning precedes and enables synaptic engram formation and that it does not occur as a mere compensatory response to enduring synapse potentiation as in Hebbian plasticity with synaptic scaling. Our model paves the way for simulations addressing further inquiries, ranging from memory chains and hierarchies to complex memory systems comprising areas with different learning mechanisms.
Fever in childbirth: a mini-review of epidural-related maternal fever
Authors: Kinishi Yuki , Koyama Yoshihisa , Yuba Tomoo , Fujino Yuji , Shimada Shoichi
Published: April 2024

Fever during childbirth, which is often observed in clinical settings, is characterized by a temperature of 38°C or higher, and can occur due to infectious and non-infectious causes. A significant proportion of non-infectious causes are associated with epidural-related maternal fever during vaginal delivery. Therapeutic interventions are required because fever has adverse effects on both mother and newborn. Effective treatment options for ERMF are lacking. As it is difficult to distinguish it from intrauterine infections such as chorioamnionitis, antibiotic administration remains the only viable option. We mentioned the importance of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in the sterile inflammatory fever pathway and the hormonal influence on temperature regulation during childbirth, an important factor in elucidating the pathophysiology of ERMF. This review spotlighted the etiology and management of ERMF, underscoring recent advancements in our understanding of hypothalamic involvement in thermoregulation and its link to sterile inflammation. We propose to deepen the understanding of ERMF within the broader context of autonomic neuroscience, aiming to foster the development of targeted therapies.
Case report: The effect of second-line vebreltinib treatment on a patient with advanced NSCLC harboring the MET exon 14 skipping mutation after tepotinib treatment
Authors: Huang Siyuan , Li Linlin , Yan Ningning , Zhang Huixian , Guo Qianqian , Guo Sanxing , Geng Di , Liu Xincheng , Li Xingya
Published: April 2024

Background

Highly selective type Ib mesenchymal–epithelial transition gene (MET) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the standard-of-care (SOC) therapy for previously untreated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring MET exon 14 (METex14) skipping mutations. However, there are rare reports describing effective regimens for patients who fail SOC without identifying resistant mutations or tissue transformation.

Case report

We report the first case of a 74-year-old woman with lung adenocarcinoma (cT1cNxM0) harboring METex14 splice region mutation, which was identified by a next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based assay. The patient was administered two treatments, including first-line tepotinib and second-line vebreltinib. The patient achieved progression-free survival (PFS) of 7.6 months, and then disease progression of tepotinib was observed. A re-biopsy was performed for NGS, which revealed the same mutations as before, with no new gene mutations detected. The woman received subsequent vebreltinib therapy and experienced durable clinical benefits. In the first 6.8 months, chest computed tomography demonstrated stable disease. Then, she achieved partial response (PR). The durable PR lasted for more than 13 months, and the PFS is currently over 20 months, exceeding the prior treatment.

Conclusion

This case highlights the importance of considering re-biopsy and reanalysis of genetic profiles in NSCLC patients harboring METex14 skipping mutations after progressive disease in MET TKI treatment. This raises the possibility that vebreltinib may have long-term survival benefits for patients without mutations conferring resistance (funded by Beijing Pearl Biotechnology Co., Ltd; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04258033).
The research advances in Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS)-related cancer during 2013 to 2022: a scientometric analysis
Authors: Huang Yujie , Zheng Daitian , Zhou Zhongming , Wang Haiting , Li Yanpo , Zheng Huihui , Tan Jianhui , Wu Jingyao , Yang Qiuping , Tian Huiting , Lin Liuming , Li Zhiyang , Li Tianyu
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Cancer represents a significant global public health concern. In recent years, the incidence of cancer has been on the rise worldwide due to various factors, including diet, environment, and an aging population. Simultaneously, advancements in tumor molecular biology and genomics have led to a shift from systemic chemotherapy focused on disease sites and morphopathology towards precise targeted therapy for driver gene mutations. Therefore, we propose a comprehensive review aimed at exploring the research hotspots and directions in the field of Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS)-mutant cancers over the past decade, providing valuable insights for cancer treatment strategies. Specifically, we aim to present an intellectual landscape using data obtained from the Web of Science (WoS) regarding KRAS mutation.

Methods

Bibliometrix, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and HistCite were employed to conduct scientometric analyses on national publications, influential authors, highly cited articles, frequent keywords, etc.

Results

A total of 16,609 publications met the screening criteria and exhibited a consistent annual growth trend overall. Among 102 countries/regions, the United States occupied the vast majority share of the published volume. The journal Oncotarget had the highest circulation among all scientific publications. Moreover, the most seminal articles in this field primarily focus on biology and targeted therapies, with overcoming drug resistance being identified as a future research direction.

Conclusion

The findings of the thematic analysis indicate that KRAS mutation in lung cancer, the prognosis following B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) or rat sarcoma (RAS) mutations, and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-related lung cancer are the significant hotspots in the given field. Considering the significant advancements made in direct targeting drugs like sotorasib, it is anticipated that interest in cancers associated with KRAS mutations will remain steadfast.
Molecular characterization of the evolution of premalignant lesions in the upper aerodigestive tract
Authors: Lechner Axel , Kumbrink Jörg , Walz Christoph , Jung Andreas , Baumeister Philipp , Flach Susanne
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Early relapse and development of metastatic disease are some of the primary reasons for the poor prognosis of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). HNSCC is a heterogeneous disease which may develop in large premalignant fields of genetically altered cells. Yet knowing which individuals will progress and develop clinically significant cancers during their lifetimes remains one of the most important challenges of reducing HNSCC morbidity and mortality. To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms, we performed a focused analysis of the genome and immune microenvironment from multiple, matched normal squamous tissue, premalignant lesions, as well as primary and recurrent tumors from seven patients with p16-negative HNSCC.

Methods

We performed targeted panel Next Generation Sequencing (161 genes) to analyze somatic variants from sequentially collected, matched formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (normal, premalignant, HNSCC) from two patients. These samples plus samples from five additional patients were analyzed with the Nanostring PanCancer Immune Panel. In addition, we performed shallow whole genome sequencing (0.5x coverage on average) on samples from three of these patients. Patients were, apart from one case, primarily treated with curative-intent surgery, and received subsequent adjuvant treatment, if indicated.

Results

The most frequently mutated genes were TP53 and NOTCH1. Other mutated genes included NOTCH3 and CDKN2A, among others. A significant number of mutations were private to dysplasia and invasive carcinoma, respectively, however, almost 20% were shared between them. Increasing genomic instability was observed when comparing histologically normal squamous mucosa with higher levels of dysplasia. High-grade dysplasia showed similarly rearranged genomes as invasive carcinoma. Pathways related to interferon alpha and gamma response were upregulated even in moderate dysplastic lesions with increasing expression in higher grades of dysplasia and carcinoma. SPINK5, a known tumor suppressor gene in HNSCC, was already downregulated in low-grade dysplastic lesions, indicating an early deactivation in the evolution of the disease.

Conclusion

Genomic alterations as well as aberrant immune gene expression can be observed early in the evolution of tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract, highlighting the potential for targeting early mechanisms of disease progression.
Case report: Systemic presentation of ALK-positive Histiocytosis
Authors: Wei Yongbao , Zhang Ruochen , Lin Deng , Chen Xiaoyan , Li Lizhi , Huang Haijian
Published: April 2024

ALK-positive Histiocytosis (ALK-HSs) is a recently identified rare clinical entity characterized by tissue histiocytic alterations associated with ALK gene rearrangement. Clinical presentations can be solitary, multifocal, or systemic (involving multiple sites and organs). Due to limited reported cases, there is inadequate understanding of this disease. This report presents a case of ALK-HSs in a 71-year-old male patient who presented with hematuria for one week. Imaging studies conducted at an external hospital showed multiple lesions in the penis, bilateral testes, back skin, and the third lumbar vertebra. Histopathological findings included spindle and histiocytic cell proliferation with mild or indistinct cellular atypia, interstitial infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, foamy histiocytes, and fibrous tissue proliferation. Immunohistochemistry of the lesion cells revealed positivity for CD68, CD163, ALK1, ALK (D5F3), and Vimentin. FISH testing indicated ALK gene separation in the lesion cells. NGS testing identified the fusion genes KIF5B(NM_004521) and ALK(NM_004304) in the lesion cells. We combined the characteristics of this case with a review of the literature to enhance our understanding of this rare clinical entity.
Nutritional status, body composition and diet quality in children with cancer
Authors: Schab Magdalena , Skoczen Szymon
Published: April 2024

During cancer treatment, nutritional status disorders such as malnutrition or obesity affect the tolerance of cancer treatment, quality of life, but also the pharmacokinetics of drugs. It is hypothesized that changes in fat and lean body mass can modify chemotherapy volume distribution, metabolism and clearance. In children with cancer, lean body mass decreases or remains low during treatment and fat mass increases. Body composition is influenced by the cancer itself, aggressive multimodal-therapies, changes in metabolism, unbalanced diet and reduced physical activity. Due to the side effects of treatment, including changes in the sense of taste and smell, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stress, eating according to recommendation for macronutrients and micronutrients is difficult. Research indicates that throughout cancer treatment, the consumption of fruits, vegetables, and dairy products tends to be insufficient, whereas there is an elevated intake of sugar and unhealthy snacks. Children exhibit a preference for high-carbohydrate, salty, and strongly flavored products. This review revealed the importance of body composition and its changes during cancer treatment in children, as well as eating habits and diet quality.
The Shehata technique for undescended testes that cannot be brought into the scrotum in one operation—a case series and meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Zhenying , Yu Zhongjing , Li Huanyuan , Wu ri ni Letu , Zhang Baoxin
Published: April 2024

Background

Fowler–Stephens orchiopexy is commonly used for testes that cannot be brought into the scrotum in one operation. However, this surgical technique may result in a higher rate of testicular atrophy postoperatively.

Methods

During the period between 2019 and 2023, we analyzed the cases of 20 patients in whom the Shehata technique was applied for testes that could not be brought into the scrotum in one operation, and we conducted a meta-analysis to explore the incidence of testicular atrophy vis-à-vis the Shehata technique and Fowler–Stephens orchiopexy.

Results

The average age of the 20 patients was 3.78 (0.76–11.42) years. The blood supply to the testes was satisfactory, with the absence of atrophy, and the testes could be brought into the scrotum in stage II surgery. A postoperative reexamination with ultrasound revealed that the testes were securely positioned within the scrotum, with good blood supply and no atrophy, which was in contrast to their condition before the operation. The volume of the testes postoperatively was significantly greater than that of the preoperative testes (p = 0.009). There were no statistically significant differences in the growth rate of volume of the testes between the surgically treated side and the contralateral side (p = 0.25). The meta-analysis showed that the Shehata technique resulted in a lower incidence of testicular atrophy compared with Fowler–Stephens orchiopexy (p = 0.01).

Conclusions

The Shehata technique preserves the main vessels of the testes with a lower incidence of testicular atrophy, which may be a valid and safe alternative to the Fowler–Stephens technique.
Anti-inflammatory and uric acid lowering effects of Euodiae fructus on hyperuricemia and gout mice
Authors: Wang Zhilei , Liu Jingwen , Mou Yu , Liao Wenhao , Li Yuchen , Liu Juan , Tang Jianyuan
Published: April 2024

The metabolic disease hyperuricemia (HUA) is caused by presence of excessive serum uric acid (UA), which leads to an increased risk of chronic kidney disease and gout. As a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, Euodiae fructus (ER) has strong anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, however, its therapeutic effects on HUA and gout have not been investigated. To investigate the potential effects and underlying mechanisms, the effect of ER on proinflammatory cytokines and NLRP3 inflammasome activation was studied in mouse bone marrow macrophages. Moreover, a mouse model of HUA and gouty arthritis was established by coadministration of potassium oxonate (PO) and monosodium urate crystals to mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 37 consecutive days. Oral administration of ER aqueous extract was given 1 hour later after the injection of PO for 10 days. Our study showed that ER is a powerful NLRP3 inhibitor in mouse macrophages. Most importantly, ER (0.75 g/kg) treatment substantially decreased the ankle joint thickness ratio, serum UA, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels (p < 0.05). Additionally, ER (0.75 g/kg) dramatically reversed the increases in renal urate transporter 1 (URAT1) and glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) as well as the decreases in organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) and ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) levels (p < 0.05). Moreover, ER (0.75 g/kg) markedly ameliorated the production of the serum inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α (p < 0.01), and improved the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in the kidneys. Taken together, these data indicate that ER, a powerful and specific NLRP3 inhibitor, has multiple anti-HUA, anti-gout and anti-inflammatory effects. Our investigation is designed to experimentally support the conventional use of ER-containing classical herbal formulas in the treatment of HUA-related disorders and may add a new dimension to the clinical application of ER.
Short-term cutaneous vasodilatory and thermosensory effects of topical methyl salicylate
Authors: Versteeg Ninja , Wellauer Vanessa , Wittenwiler Selina , Aerenhouts Dirk , Clarys Peter , Clijsen Ron
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Methyl salicylate, the main compound of wintergreen oil, is widely used in topical applications. However, its vascular and thermosensory effects are not fully understood. The primary aim was to investigate the effects of topical methyl salicylate on skin temperature (Tskin), skin microcirculation (MCskin) and muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) compared to a placebo gel. The secondary aim was to assess thermosensory responses (thermal sensation, thermal comfort) and to explore to which extent these sensations correspond to the physiological responses over time.

Methods:

21 healthy women (22.2 ± 2.9 years) participated in this single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Custom-made natural wintergreen oil (12.9%), containing methyl salicylate (>99%) and a placebo gel, 1 g each, were applied simultaneously to two paravertebral skin areas (5 cm × 10 cm, Th4-Th7). Tskin (infrared thermal imaging), MCskin (laser speckle contrast imaging) and SmO2 (deep tissue oxygenation monitoring) and thermosensation (Likert scales) were assessed at baseline (BL) and at 5-min intervals during a 45 min post-application period (T0-T45).

Results:

Both gels caused an initial decrease in Tskin, with Tskin(min) at T5 for both methyl salicylate (BL-T5: Δ-3.36°C) and placebo (BL-T5: Δ-3.90°C), followed by a gradual increase (p < .001). Methyl salicylate gel resulted in significantly higher Tskin than placebo between T5 and T40 (p < .05). For methyl salicylate, MCskin increased, with MCskin(max) at T5 (BL-T5: Δ88.7%). For placebo, MCskin decreased (BL-T5: Δ-17.5%), with significantly lower values compared to methyl salicylate between T0 and T45 (p < .05). Both gels had minimal effects on SmO2, with no significant differences between methyl salicylate and placebo (p > .05). Thermal sensation responses to topical methyl salicylate ranged from “cool” to “hot”, with more intense sensations reported at T5.

Discussion:

The findings indicate that topical methyl salicylate induces short-term cutaneous vasodilation, but it may not enhance skeletal muscle blood flow. This study highlights the complex sensory responses to its application, which may be based on the short-term modulation of thermosensitive transient receptor potential channels.
Stress phenotyping analysis leveraging autofluorescence image sequences with machine learning
Authors: Das Choudhury Sruti , Guadagno Carmela Rosaria , Bashyam Srinidhi , Mazis Anastasios , Ewers Brent E. , Samal Ashok , Awada Tala
Published: April 2024

Background

Autofluorescence-based imaging has the potential to non-destructively characterize the biochemical and physiological properties of plants regulated by genotypes using optical properties of the tissue. A comparative study of stress tolerant and stress susceptible genotypes of Brassica rapa with respect to newly introduced stress-based phenotypes using machine learning techniques will contribute to the significant advancement of autofluorescence-based plant phenotyping research.

Methods

Autofluorescence spectral images have been used to design a stress detection classifier with two classes, stressed and non-stressed, using machine learning algorithms. The benchmark dataset consisted of time-series image sequences from three Brassica rapa genotypes (CC, R500, and VT), extreme in their morphological and physiological traits captured at the high-throughput plant phenotyping facility at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA. We developed a set of machine learning-based classification models to detect the percentage of stressed tissue derived from plant images and identified the best classifier. From the analysis of the autofluorescence images, two novel stress-based image phenotypes were computed to determine the temporal variation in stressed tissue under progressive drought across different genotypes, i.e., the average percentage stress and the moving average percentage stress.

Results

The study demonstrated that both the computed phenotypes consistently discriminated against stressed versus non-stressed tissue, with oilseed type (R500) being less prone to drought stress relative to the other two Brassica rapa genotypes (CC and VT).

Conclusion

Autofluorescence signals from the 365/400 nm excitation/emission combination were able to segregate genotypic variation during a progressive drought treatment under a controlled greenhouse environment, allowing for the exploration of other meaningful phenotypes using autofluorescence image sequences with significance in the context of plant science.
Verbal and non-verbal skills in early childhood: dimensionality, developmental trajectories, and gender differences
Authors: Elnes Magdalena , Hansen Joakim Evensen , Lervåg Arne , Hatlevik Ove Edvard , Reikerås Elin Kirsti Lie
Published: April 2024

This study examines the dimensionality of and relationships between two subscales from the British Ability Scales – Third Edition, measuring verbal (expressive vocabulary) and non-verbal (reasoning) cognitive skills for toddlers (age three) and preschoolers (age five), in a Norwegian context across genders. Descriptive statistics revealed item selection criteria that included specific items within each subscale. Subsequently, Confirmatory Factor Analysis established the subscales’ dimensionality (Naming Vocabulary and Picture Similarities; N = 1094) and confirmed measurement invariance across genders. Further, the relationships between the verbal and non-verbal factors were investigated using correlation analysis and Structural Equation Modeling. The findings revealed that the verbal factor at age three strongly predicted the verbal factor at age five and significantly influenced the non-verbal factor at age five. The non-verbal factor at age three exhibited a moderate predictive relationship with the non-verbal factor at age five, and did not significantly predict the verbal factor at age five. In terms of gender differences, girls showed higher scores on the verbal factor at age three, and a stronger correlation between the non-verbal factor at age three and the verbal factor at age five. In summary, this research provides valuable insights into cognitive skill measurement and development in a Norwegian context and highlights possible variations across gender. The study’s findings, limitations, and implications are discussed.
From burnout to behavior: the dark side of emotional intelligence on optimal functioning across three managerial levels
Authors: Sariraei Samira A. , Shkoler Or , Giamos Dimitris , Chênevert Denis , Vandenberghe Christian , Tziner Aharon , Vasiliu Cristinel
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Burnout has been typically addressed as an outcome and indicator of employee malfunctioning due to its profound effects on the organization, its members, and its profitability. Our study assesses its potential as a predictor, delving into how different sources of motivation—autonomous and controlled—act as mediational mechanisms in the association between burnout and behavioral dimensions of functioning (namely, organizational citizenship behaviors and work misbehaviors). Furthermore, the buffering effects of emotional intelligence across three different managerial levels were also examined.

Methods

To this end, a total non-targeted sample of 840 Romanian managers (513 first-, 220 mid-, and 107 top-level managers) was obtained.

Results

Burnout predicted motivation, which predicted work behaviors in a moderated-mediation framework. Contrary to our initial prediction, emotional intelligence augmented the negative association between burnout and motivation, exhibiting a dark side to this intelligence type. These findings are nuanced by the three managerial positions and shed light on the subtle differences across supervisory levels.

Discussion

The current article suggests a relationship between multiple dimensions of optimal (mal)functioning and discusses valuable theoretical and practical insights, supporting future researchers and practitioners in designing burnout, motivation, and emotional intelligence interventions.
Side effects of monaural beat stimulation during sustained mental work on mind wandering and performance measures
Authors: Schmidt Lucy Marlene , Chaieb Leila , Derner Marlene , Reber Thomas P. , Fell Juergen
Published: April 2024

Excessive mind wandering (MW) contributes to the development and maintenance of psychiatric disorders. Previous studies have suggested that auditory beat stimulation may represent a method enabling a reduction of MW. However, little is known about how different auditory stimulation conditions are subjectively perceived and whether this perception is in turn related to changes in subjective states, behavioral measures of attention and MW. In the present study, we therefore investigated MW under auditory beat stimulation and control conditions using experience sampling during a sustained attention to response task (SART). The subjective perception of the stimulation conditions, as well as changes in anxiety, stress and negative mood after versus before stimulation were assessed via visual-analog scales. Results showed that any auditory stimulation applied during the SART was perceived as more distracting, disturbing, uncomfortable and tiring than silence and was related to more pronounced increases of stress and negative mood. Importantly, the perception of the auditory conditions as disturbing was directly correlated with MW propensity. Additionally, distracting, disturbing and uncomfortable perceptions predicted negative mood. In turn, negative mood was inversely correlated with response accuracy for target stimuli, a behavioral indicator of MW. In summary, our data show that MW and attentional performance are affected by the adverse perception of auditory stimulation, and that this influence may be mediated by changes in mood.
When they just don’t sleep: differential impacts of reduced child sleep on depression, anxiety, and stress among caregivers of children with and without neurogenetic syndromes
Authors: Gálvez-Ortega Kimberly , Marceau Kristine , Foti Dan , Kelleher Bridgette
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Children with neurogenetic syndromes commonly experience significant and pervasive sleep disturbances, however, associations with caregiver mental health remains unclear. Previous studies have linked sleep disturbances with increased caregiver depression in typically developing populations, and heightened caregiver stress among neurogenetic populations. The present study expands on findings by exploring the longitudinal association between child sleep duration and caregiver mental health (depression, anxiety, stress) throughout development (infancy to school-aged children) in dyads with and without a child affected by a neurogenetic syndrome.

Methods

Participants were drawn from the Purdue Early Phenotype Study, including 193 caregivers (Age: M = 34.40 years, SD = 4.53) of children with neurogenetic syndromes (Age: M = 40.91 months, SD =20.72) and typically developing children (n = 55; Age: M = 36.71 months, SD = 20.68). Children in the neurogenetic group were diagnosed with Angelman (n = 49), Prader Willi (n = 30), Williams (n = 51), and Fragile X (n = 8) syndromes. Caregivers completed assessments every six months up to child age three, and annual assessments thereafter. Child sleep duration was measured using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire, and caregiver internalizing symptoms were assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale. Multilevel models were conducted to examine caregiver depression, anxiety, and stress in relation to child sleep duration at both between- and within-person levels, with child age as a moderator.

Results

Results indicated a between-person effect of child sleep duration on caregiver depression (i.e., differences between families) and a within-person effect on caregiver stress (i.e., change over time) in the full, combined sample. These effects were not maintained when examined separately in neurogenetic and typically developing groups, except for a between-person effect on caregiver stress in the typically developing cohort. Moderating effects of child age were significant for depression and stress only in the typically developing cohort.

Discussion

In summary, persistent child sleep disruptions were linked to exacerbated caregiver depression across the sample, while acute child sleep disruptions exacerbate caregiver stress within dyads over time. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing child sleep to enhance caregiver wellbeing and has potential relevance for a wide range of neurogenetic syndromes.
Drivers of antimicrobial resistance within the communities of Nepal from One Health perspective: a scoping review
Authors: Parajuli Ayuska , Mitchell Jessica , King Natalie , Arjyal Abriti , Latham Sophia , King Rebecca , Baral Sushil
Published: April 2024

Background

A major driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the inappropriate use of antimicrobials. At the community level, people are often engaged in behaviors that drive AMR within human, animal, and environmental (One Health) impacts. This scoping review consolidates research to determine (a) the community’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices around AMR; (b) existing community-based interventions; and (c) barriers and enablers to addressing AMR in Nepal.

Methods

This scoping review follows the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology. Literature indexed in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Global Index Medicus, HINARI-SUMMON, Embase (Ovid), Global Health (Ovid), CAB Abstracts (Ovid), Web of Science, and Google Scholar between January 2000 and January 2023 were reviewed for inclusion. Articles were included in the review if they considered the issues of AMR at the community level in Nepal; this excluded clinical and laboratory-based studies. A total of 47 studies met these criteria, were extracted, and analyzed to consolidate the key themes.

Results

A total of 31 (66%) articles exclusively included human health; five (11%) concentrated only on animal health; no studies solely focused on environmental aspects of AMR; and the remaining studies jointly presented human, animal, and environmental aspects. Findings revealed inadequate knowledge accompanied by inappropriate practice in both the human and animal health sectors. Four community interventions improved knowledge and practices on the appropriate use of antimicrobials among community people. However, various social and economic factors were found as barriers to the appropriate use of antimicrobials in the community.

Conclusion

Community engagement and One Health approaches could be key tools to improve awareness of AMR and promote behavioral change related to AM use in communities, as current studies have revealed inadequate knowledge alongside inappropriate practices shared in both human and animal health sectors.

Systematic review registration

DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/FV326
Analysis of the coupling coordination of livestock production, residential consumption, and resource and environmental carrying capacity in China
Authors: Zhou Kun , Wu Jin , Li Hongyao , Zhang Zhenwang , Wu Hong , Li Jianqiang
Published: April 2024

Increasing demands for livestock products have stimulated rapid increases in the number of livestock and the scale of farming, thus increasing pressure on resources and the environment. Coordinating the development of livestock production (LP) with residential consumption (RC), resources and the environmental carrying capacity (RECC) is important to ensure sustainable development. In this study, the entropy weight method and the improved-coupling coordination degree (CCD) model were used to identify the spatial–temporal coordination development characteristics of livestock production-residential consumption-resource and environmental carrying capacity (LRRE). Furthermore, the spatial autocorrelation model (SAM) and gray model (GM) were used to analyze the spatial aggregation characteristics and future development trends of the CCDs of the LRRE in China. The findings show that the CCDs of the LRRE values in 31 Chinese provinces increased from 2005 to 2020, but no provinces reached a high coordination level. Specifically, the coordinated development level of LRRE is relatively high in the central, eastern and northeastern regions and relatively low in the western region. The spatial autocorrelation analysis confirmed that the high-high (H-H) aggregation areas were mainly distributed in the northeastern, eastern, and central regions, while low-high (L-H) agglomeration was distributed in the western region. This phenomenon is mainly attributed to the continuous expansion of the scale of livestock production in western China. Regions with relatively developed economies have more funds to invest in environmental protection projects. Using GM method, we find that the CCDs of LRRE in 31 provinces in China will increase from 2021 to 2030, and all provinces will reach the basic coordination level. However, most of the western regions will barely reach the basic coordination level. This result indicates that the low level of LRRE development in western China may be difficult to change in the short term. The level of coordinated LRRE development in the relatively developed eastern region is increasing. The spatial layout of China’s livestock industry should be appropriately adjusted, its expansion rate in the western region should be decreased, and the ecological environment of the areas bordering the western and central regions should be improved. These findings have practical implications for other large livestock production countries. Promoting the coordinated development of LRRE is also an important condition for agricultural transformation in developing countries, especially for improving the environment in key areas of the livestock industry.
Analysis of risk factors for postoperative recurrence of stage I colorectal cancer: a retrospective analysis of a large population
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Song Zhangfa
Published: April 2024

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Patients diagnosed with stage I CRC typically do not require postoperative adjuvant treatment. However, postoperative recurrence is present in at least 40% of patients with CRC and often occurs in those with stage I disease. This study aimed to elucidate the current status of recurrence and clinicopathological characteristics in patients with stage I CRC.

Methods

Data of indicated patients were obtained from 18 registries in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER). The multivariable Fine–Gray regression model was used to identify the mortality risk of patients. Disparities in survival were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curves. Logistic regression was employed to identify factors associated with recurrent risk overestimation.

Results

Our study indicated a recurrence rate of 15.04% (1,874/12,452) in stage I CRC cases. Notably, we identified race, age, T stage, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels as independent risk factors for tumor recurrence, substantially impacting prognosis. Furthermore, gender, race (Black), age (>65 years), elevated CEA levels, and refusal or unknown status regarding radiotherapy significantly correlated with an adverse prognosis in patients with stage I CRC.

Conclusions

We identified certain key clinicopathological features of patients with stage I CRC and demonstrated the survival benefits of radiotherapy, offering a new perspective on stage I CRC follow-up and treatment recommendations.
Assessing susceptibility for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon toxicity in an in vitro 3D respiratory model for asthma
Authors: Valdez Reese M. , Rivera Brianna N. , Chang Yvonne , Pennington Jamie M. , Fischer Kay A. , Löhr Christiane V. , Tilton Susan C.
Published: April 2024

There is increased emphasis on understanding cumulative risk from the combined effects of chemical and non-chemical stressors as it relates to public health. Recent animal studies have identified pulmonary inflammation as a possible modifier and risk factor for chemical toxicity in the lung after exposure to inhaled pollutants; however, little is known about specific interactions and potential mechanisms of action. In this study, primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) cultured in 3D at the air-liquid interface (ALI) are utilized as a physiologically relevant model to evaluate the effects of inflammation on toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a class of contaminants generated from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. Normal HBEC were differentiated in the presence of IL-13 for 14 days to induce a profibrotic phenotype similar to asthma. Fully differentiated normal and IL-13 phenotype HBEC were treated with benzo[a]pyrene (BAP; 1–40 μg/mL) or 1% DMSO/PBS vehicle at the ALI for 48 h. Cells were evaluated for cytotoxicity, barrier integrity, and transcriptional biomarkers of chemical metabolism and inflammation by quantitative PCR. Cells with the IL-13 phenotype treated with BAP result in significantly (p < 0.05) decreased barrier integrity, less than 50% compared to normal cells. The effect of BAP in the IL-13 phenotype was more apparent when evaluating transcriptional biomarkers of barrier integrity in addition to markers of mucus production, goblet cell hyperplasia, type 2 asthmatic inflammation and chemical metabolism, which all resulted in dose-dependent changes (p < 0.05) in the presence of BAP. Additionally, RNA sequencing data showed that the HBEC with the IL-13 phenotype may have increased potential for uncontrolled proliferation and decreased capacity for immune response after BAP exposure compared to normal phenotype HBEC. These data are the first to evaluate the role of combined environmental factors associated with inflammation from pre-existing disease and PAH exposure on pulmonary toxicity in a physiologically relevant human in vitro model.
Identification and Economic Evaluation of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Care Consumption Patterns Using Sequence Analysis
Authors: Demeulemeester Romain , Grosclaude Pascale , Grunenwald Solange , Saint-Pierre Philippe , Savy Nicolas , Costa Nadège
Published: April 2024

Objectives: This study aims to assess the impact of care consumption patterns and individual characteristics on the cost of treating differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), in France, with a specific emphasis on socioeconomic position.

Methods: The methodology involved a net cost approach utilising cases from the EVATHYR cohort and controls from the French National Health Insurance database. Care consumption patterns were created using Optimal Matching and clustering techniques. The individual characteristics influence on patterns was assessed using multinomial logistic regression. The individual characteristics and patterns influence on care costs was assessed using generalised estimating equations.

Results: The findings revealed an average cost of €13,753 per patient during the initial 3 years. Regression models suggested the main predictors of high DTC specific care consumption tended to include having a high risk of cancer recurrence (OR = 4.97), being a woman (OR = 2.00), and experiencing socio-economic deprivation (OR = 1.26), though not reaching statistical significance. Finally, high DTC-specific care consumers also incurred higher general care costs (RR = 1.35).

Conclusion: The study underscores the increased costs of managing DTC, shaped by consumption habits and socioeconomic position, emphasising the need for more nuanced DTC management strategies.
Quantum Recurrent Neural Networks: Predicting the Dynamics of Oscillatory and Chaotic Systems
Authors: Chen Yuan , Khaliq Abdul
Published: April 2024

In this study, we investigate Quantum Long Short-Term Memory and Quantum Gated Recurrent Unit integrated with Variational Quantum Circuits in modeling complex dynamical systems, including the Van der Pol oscillator, coupled oscillators, and the Lorenz system. We implement these advanced quantum machine learning techniques and compare their performance with traditional Long Short-Term Memory and Gated Recurrent Unit models. The results of our study reveal that the quantum-based models deliver superior precision and more stable loss metrics throughout 100 epochs for both the Van der Pol oscillator and coupled harmonic oscillators, and 20 epochs for the Lorenz system. The Quantum Gated Recurrent Unit outperforms competing models, showcasing notable performance metrics. For the Van der Pol oscillator, it reports MAE 0.0902 and RMSE 0.1031 for variable x and MAE 0.1500 and RMSE 0.1943 for y; for coupled oscillators, Oscillator 1 shows MAE 0.2411 and RMSE 0.2701 and Oscillator 2 MAE is 0.0482 and RMSE 0.0602; and for the Lorenz system, the results are MAE 0.4864 and RMSE 0.4971 for x, MAE 0.4723 and RMSE 0.4846 for y, and MAE 0.4555 and RMSE 0.4745 for z. These outcomes mark a significant advancement in the field of quantum machine learning.
A Two-Dimensional Liquid Sloshing Analysis in a Partially Filled Complicated-Shape Tank by the Schwarz–Christoffel Transformation
Authors: Lü Jing , Zhu Xiaolong , Yu Yang
Published: April 2024

The nonlinear sloshing of an incompressible fluid with irrotational flow in a complicated-shape tank due to horizontal excitation is studied with a semi-analytical method proposed in this study. In this method, the velocity potential function of a liquid in a complicated-shape tank is estimated by using an approximate analytical transformation function from a complicated-shape region to a rectangular region. This function is obtained through Schwarz–Christoffel mapping and polynomial fitting. Nonlinear dynamic equations for the fluid–structure coupled system are developed based on the Hamilton–Ostrogradskiy principle. Nonlinear kinematic equations for the fluid–structure coupled system are derived based on the relationship between the liquid velocity and the free-surface equation. The Galerkin method is used to convert partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations. When tank movement is given, nonlinear models for the coupled system can be reduced to simple ones for liquid sloshing. Natural frequencies for the coupled system and liquid sloshing are analyzed, and the semi-analytical results agree with the numerical ones calculated with the software DampSlosh. Hydrodynamic forces and moments are also analyzed, and the semi-analytical results agree well with the numerical ones calculated with the Flow3D v10.1.1.
Deployable Structures Based on Non-Flat-Foldable and Non-Developable Origami with Constant Curvature
Authors: Qin Bo , Liu Shiwei , Wang Jianzhi , Lyu Shengnan
Published: April 2024

Deployable structures based on origami are widely used in the application of actuators. In this paper, we present a novel family of origami-based deployable structures with constant curvature. Two categories of non-flat-foldable and non-developable degree-4 vertices (NFND degree-4 vertices) are introduced. Pyramid structures are constructed based on the NFND degree-4 vertices. Doubly symmetric and singly symmetric spherical origami tubular cells (SOTCs) are established based on pyramid structures. To construct deployable origami modules using SOTCs, linking units are introduced. The mobility of the SOTCs and origami modules is analyzed using constraint screws. To realize the construction and simulation of deployable structures, kinematic and geometric analyses of the doubly symmetric and singly symmetric SOTCs are performed. Finally, we introduce four cases for deployable structures in spherical actuators based on the combination of multiple origami modules. These case studies demonstrate the potential of these deployable origami structures in the design of spherical actuators.
Cooperative Fermentation Using Multiple Microorganisms and Enzymes Potentially Enhances the Nutritional Value of Spent Mushroom Substrate
Authors: Zhang Anrong , He Weizhao , Han Yunsheng , Zheng Aijuan , Chen Zhimin , Meng Kun , Yang Peilong , Liu Guohua
Published: April 2024

Large amounts of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) are produced globally, but their utilization efficiency is low, which leads to negative environmental impacts, such as water, soil, and air pollution. SMS contains nutrients, such as cell proteins, with a potential application in animal feed. However, the lignocellulose in SMS restricts animal digestion and absorption, thus hindering its application in animal nutrition. We investigated the potential of cellulase, xylanase, β-galactosidase, and a variety of microorganisms to optimize the conditions for reducing sugars’ (RS) production and the degradation rate of neutral detergent fibers. The results showed that the optimum proportion of multiple enzymes for glucose production of up to 210.89 mg/g were 10% cellulase, 10% xylanase, and 2% β -galactosidase, at 50 °C and 60% moisture for a 20 h hydrolysis duration. To enhance the optimal enzymolysis combination, co-fermentation experiments with multiple microorganisms and enzymes showed that inoculation with 10% Bacillus subtilis, 2% Pediococcus acidilactici, and 2% Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in combination with 10% cellulase, 10% xylanase, 2% β-galactosidase, and 1% urea, at 36.8°C and 59% moisture for 70 h hydrolysis, could lead to a 23.69% degradation rate of the neutral detergent fiber. This process significantly increased the degradation rate of the neutral detergent fiber and the nutrient content of Pleurotus eryngii compared to the initial fermentation conditions. Overall, our study generated optimal co-fermentation conditions for bacteria and enzymes and provides a practical reference for biological feed synthesis using P. eryngii spent mushroom substrate.