bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Return to Baseline After an Interpretation Training as a Dynamic Predictor for Treatment Response in Social Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Mobach Lynn , van Loenen Rachel , Dam Esther Allart-van , Borsboom Denny , Wiers Reinout W. , Salemink Elske
Published: March 2023

Background

Despite considerable research efforts, consistent predictors of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) outcome for social anxiety disorder (SAD) are scarce. A dynamic focus on individual symptom reactivity and resilience patterns may show promise in predicting treatment response. This pilot study is the first to investigate whether rate of return to baseline after a one-session positive interpretation training indicates resilience and predicts CBT-response among individuals with SAD.

Method

Participants (N = 39) completed an interpretation bias assessment before and after training, and once a day for three days after the training, followed by a six-week CBT-program. Participants completed SAD-assessments pre-treatment, during treatment, and post-treatment. Return to baseline was operationalized as the individualized slope of negative and positive interpretations across interpretation bias assessments.

Results

Intention-to-treat analyses showed no significant relation between both negative and positive interpretation bias and CBT-response. Similarly, for completers-only, most analyses also showed no such relationship.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that slower return to baseline as a resilience index does not have predictive value for CBT-outcome in individuals with SAD. Future studies should incorporate experience-sampling to capture subtle changes in interpretation bias.
Returns handling in e-commerce: How to avoid demand negativity in supply chain contracts with returns?
Authors: Bieniek Milena
Published: March 2023

E-commerce constitutes a system for the online purchase and sale of services and commodities. This theoretical article investigates the manufacturer handling strategy which occurs in online shopping, in a centralized or decentralized channel under the wholesale price contract. The retailer’s optimal order quantity, price, and the manufacturer’s wholesale price are derived assuming additive uncertainty in demand. The possibility of negative demand realizations, which may occur in adverse market circumstances, is verified in the investigated models. It was proved that the imposition of the non-negativity prerequisite on demand is vital to obtain complete results. The non-negativity constraint in this study incorporates consumer’s returns handling costs which is different than the previously used constraint. As an extension of the additive case, the model with iso-elastic demand is discussed. The theoretical analysis is enriched with numerical examples.
The diagnostic utility of nanopore targeted sequencing in suspected endophthalmitis
Authors: Li Xuejie , Li Ziyue , Wang Ming , Fu Aisi , Hao Xinlei , Guo Xinyang , Gu Jiashuang , Jin Wei , Yang Anhuai
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This paper aimed to assess the diagnostic utility of a newly developed gene-based technology-nanopore targeted sequencing (NTS) in suspected endophthalmitis patients.

Methods

This retrospective study included 43 patients (44 eyes) with suspected endophthalmitis. NTS was applied along with microbiological culture to detect unknown pathogens in intraocular fluid samples. The diagnostic utility of NTS was mainly evaluated from three aspects, including the positivity rate of bacterial/fungal presence, diagnostic turnaround time and the frequency of change in treatment based on etiology test results. Non-parametric, two-sided Wilcoxon rank sum test, the McNemar’s test and the kappa statistic were used for statistical comparisons.

Results

NTS showed significant advantages over traditional culture in positivity rates and diagnostic time (P < 0.001, kappa = 0.082; Z = −5.805, P < 0. 001). As regards antibiotic strategy, 17 patients (39.53%) and 5 patients (11.63%) underwent medication change following NTS and culture results respectively (P < 0.001, kappa = 0.335). With reasonable use of antibiotic and surgical intervention, most patients responded favorably, judged by significantly improved visual acuity (Z = −4.249, P < 0.001). The mean duration of hospitalization was 8.49 ± 2.45 days (range, 1–16 days).

Conclusion

The high efficiency feature of NTS in pathogen detection renders it a valuable supplementary to traditional culture. Additionally, it has facilitated patients’ management for the early and precise diagnosis of endophthalmitis.
Solid state dewetting of a metal –semiconductor bi-layers deposited onto c-Si substrate
Authors: Halindintwali S. , Masenya M. , Madhuku M. , Mtshali C. , Cummings F. , Oliphant C.
Published: March 2023

A bi-layers stack consisting of a semiconductor thin film of a varied thickness and a very thin Pd layer (SiC/Pd/c-Si).was deposited onto c-Si by e-beam evaporation at room temperature. The multi-layers structure was subjected to a thermal annealing process at near eutectic temperature of the Si – Pd phase. It is noticed, through top view SEM and cross-section STEM analyses, that the sandwiched Pd metal layer dewets from the interface with the c-Si substrate in well dispersed nanoparticles and it diffuses inward onto the top few monolayers of the substrate; at times it permeates shallowly through the SiC semiconductor top layer. The size distribution of the nanoparticles was found to be closely linked to the thickness of the top semiconductor layer. On the other hand, the top SiC layer was found to form islands protruding above the surface, when the film was very thin. When thicker, the semiconductor SiC layer retained its integrity and remained unaffected. An optical model of the resulting metal-dielectric mixed layer is proposed.
Movement matters: short-term impacts of physical activity on mood and well-being
Authors: Pham Loree T. , Hernandez Raymond , Spruijt-Metz Donna , Gonzalez Jeffrey S. , Pyatak Elizabeth Ann
Published: March 2023

Few studies have investigated the short-term, momentary relationships between physical activity (PA) and well-being. This study focuses on investigating the dynamic relationships between PA and affective well-being among adults with type 1 diabetes.
Participants (n = 122) wore an accelerometer and completed daily EMA surveys of current activities and affective states (e.g., happy, stressed, excited, anxious) via smartphone over 14 days. Within-person, increased sedentary time was associated with less positive affect (r =  − 0.11, p < 0.001), while more PA of any intensity was associated with greater positive affect and reduced fatigue, three hours later. Between-person, increased light PA was associated with increased stress (r = 0.21, p = 0.02) and diabetes distress (r = 0.30, p = 0.001). This study provides evidence that positive affect and fatigue are predicted by previous activity regardless of the different activities that people engaged in. Positive affect increased after engaging in PA. However, participants with higher amounts of light PA reported higher stress ratings.
Uniform Bounds with Difference Quotients for Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Reduced Order Models of the Burgers Equation
Authors: Koc Birgul , Chacón Rebollo Tomás , Rubino Samuele
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we prove uniform error bounds for proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) reduced order modeling (ROM) of Burgers equation, considering difference quotients (DQs), introduced in Kunisch and Volkwein (Numer Math 90(1):117–148, 2001). In particular, we study the behavior of the DQ ROM error bounds by considering$$L^2(\Omega )$$L2(Ω)and$$H^1_0(\Omega )$$H01(Ω)POD spaces and$$l^{\infty }(L^2)$$l∞(L2)and natural-norm errors. We present some meaningful numerical tests checking the behavior of error bounds. Based on our numerical results, DQ ROM errors are several orders of magnitude smaller than noDQ ones (in which the POD is constructed in a standard way, i.e., without the DQ approach) in terms of the energy kept by the ROM basis. Further, noDQ ROM errors have an optimal behavior, while DQ ROM errors, where the DQ is added to the POD process, demonstrate an optimality/super-optimality behavior. It is conjectured that this possibly occurs because the DQ inner products allow the time dependency in the ROM spaces to make an impact.
Preventing a Scarring Start into the Labor Market: Integration Strategies for Young Persons with Disabilities
Authors: Reims Nancy , Rauch Angela , Thomsen Ulrich
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Sociodemographic and structural conditions have consequences for the labor market participation of young persons with disabilities (YPWD) in vocational rehabilitation (VR). As the type of program determines the labor market chances, we analyze the processes of selecting active labor market programs (ALMP) in VR. Which factors determine the allocation to (1) programs in general and (2) moreover, the allocation to specific programs?

Materials and methods

We conduct logistic (1) and multinomial regression (2) using register data of the German Federal Employment Agency. Besides variables on the micro level, we control for a wide range of structural and organizational influences. The sample comprises VR and employment biographies of 255,009 YPWD accepted to VR between 2010 and 2015. Program participation is restricted to start 180 days after VR acceptance.

Results

Sociodemographic factors, like age and the status before entering VR as well as the local apprenticeship market as a structural condition, highly influence the general allocation to ALMP. For the allocation to specific ALMP, sociodemographics (age, education, type of disability, status before entering VR) are highly relevant. Furthermore, structural conditions (regional structure of subsidized vocational training and of the apprenticeship market as well as local work possibilities on a special labor market for PWD) and – to a lesser extent - re-organization processes at the FEA (NEO, VR cohort) are important determinants.

Conclusion

(Automatic) paths into VR programs for especially persons with mental disabilities in sheltered workshop are clearly shown. Furthermore, it is somewhat questionable that YPWD participate more often in sheltered workshops in regions where sheltered work possibilities are more common, as well as where NEO was implemented locally; and participate more often in company-external vocational training where VR service providers are commissioned to a greater extent.
Genome-wide survey identified superior and rare haplotypes for plant height in the north-eastern soybean germplasm of China
Authors: Yu Hui , Bhat Javaid Akhter , Li Candong , Zhao Beifang , Guo Tai , Feng Xianzhong
Published: March 2023

The proper and efficient utilization of natural genetic diversity can significantly impact crop improvements. Plant height is a quantitative trait governing the plant type as well as the yield and quality of soybean. Here, we used a combined approach including a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and haplotype and candidate gene analyses to explore the genetic basis of plant height in diverse natural soybean populations. For the GWAS analysis, we used the whole-genome resequencing data of 196 diverse soybean cultivars collected from different accumulated temperature zones of north-eastern China to detect the significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with plant height across three environments (E1, E2, and E3). A total of 33 SNPs distributed on four chromosomes, viz., Chr.02, Chr.04, Chr.06, and Chr.19, were identified to be significantly associated with plant height across the three environments. Among them, 23 were consistently detected in two or more environments and the remaining 10 were identified in only one environment. Interestingly, all the significant SNPs detected on the respective chromosomes fell within the physical interval of linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay (± 38.9 kb). Hence, these genomic regions were considered to be four quantitative trait loci (QTLs), viz., qPH2, qPH4, qPH6, and qPH19, regulating plant height. Moreover, the genomic region flanking all significant SNPs on four chromosomes exhibited strong LD. These significant SNPs thus formed four haplotype blocks, viz., Hap-2, Hap-4, Hap-6, and Hap-19. The number of haplotype alleles underlying each block varied from four to six, and these alleles regulate the different phenotypes of plant height ranging from dwarf to extra-tall heights. Nine candidate genes were identified within the four haplotype blocks, and these genes were considered putative candidates regulating soybean plant height. Hence, these stable QTLs, superior haplotypes, and candidate genes (after proper validation) can be deployed for the development of soybean cultivars with desirable plant heights.
Kalman filters based on multibody models: linking simulation and real world. A comprehensive review
Authors: Naya Miguel Ángel , Sanjurjo Emilio , Rodríguez Antonio J. , Cuadrado Javier
Published: March 2023

The Kalman filter algorithm estimates variables of linear systems combining information from real sensors and a mathematical model of the system. It may be applied to observe nonlinear systems by means of a linearization of the system model. Multibody system dynamics constitutes a methodology for the analysis and design of mechanical systems. During the last twenty years, many ways of employing a multibody model as the Kalman filter model have been explored.

This paper gathers up diverse algorithms, from the first ones based on the continuous expressions of the filter, to the indirect methods that enable real-time implementations of the observation of mechanical systems with a large number of variables. A detailed explanation of the methods and a description of the strengths and weaknesses of each one is presented along this paper, including a benchmark evaluating the performance of the methods.

An important aspect of the Kalman filter is the characterization of the system uncertainty by means of white Gaussian noise. Sometimes, the statistical properties of the noise are unknown. Several methods to determine these properties are described, and a new methodology to model systems perturbed by colored noise (time-correlated noise) is presented.

In Kalman filters based on multibody models, the information from a real mechanical system can be employed to keep the model behaving like the actual system with a great level of accuracy, linking the simulation to the real behavior of the system.
Serotonin and Dopamine Show Different Response Profiles to Acute Stress in the Nucleus Accumbens and Medial Prefrontal Cortex of Rats with Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Kang James W. M. , Keay Kevin A. , Kendig Michael D. , Corbit Laura H. , Mor David
Published: March 2023

The ability to adaptively guide behaviour requires the integration of external information with internal motivational factors. Decision-making capabilities can be impaired by acute stress and is often exacerbated by chronic pain. Chronic neuropathic pain patients often present with cognitive dysfunction, including impaired decision-making. The mechanisms underlying these changes are not well understood but may include altered monoaminergic transmission in the brain. In this study we investigated the relationships between dopamine, serotonin, and their metabolites in key brain regions that regulate motivated behaviour and decision-making. The neurochemical profiles of the medial prefrontal cortex, orbital prefrontal cortex, and nucleus accumbens were analysed using HPLC in rats that received a chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the right sciatic nerve and an acute stress (15-min restraint), prior to an outcome devaluation task. CCI alone significantly decreased dopamine but not serotonin concentrations in the medial prefrontal cortex. By contrast, restraint stress acutely increased dopamine in the medial prefrontal cortex, and the nucleus accumbens; and increased serotonin in the medial prefrontal cortex 2 h later. The sustained dopaminergic and serotonergic responses to acute stress highlight the importance of an animal’s ability to mount an effective coping response. In addition, these data suggest that the impact of nerve injury and acute stress on outcome-devaluation occurs independently of dopaminergic and serotonergic transmission in the medial prefrontal cortex, orbital prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens of rats.
How I Would have been Differently Treated. Discrimination Through the Lens of Counterfactual Fairness
Authors: Loi Michele , Nappo Francesco , Viganò Eleonora
Published: March 2023

The widespread use of algorithms for prediction-based decisions urges us to consider the question of what it means for a given act or practice to be discriminatory. Building upon work by Kusner and colleagues in the field of machine learning, we propose a counterfactual condition as a necessary requirement on discrimination. To demonstrate the philosophical relevance of the proposed condition, we consider two prominent accounts of discrimination in the recent literature, by Lippert-Rasmussen and Hellman respectively, that do not logically imply our condition and show that they face important objections. Specifically, Lippert-Rasmussen’s definition proves to be over-inclusive, as it classifies some acts or practices as discriminatory when they are not, whereas Hellman’s account turns out to lack explanatory power precisely insofar as it does not countenance a counterfactual condition on discrimination. By defending the necessity of our counterfactual condition, we set the conceptual limits for justified claims about the occurrence of discriminatory acts or practices in society, with immediate applications to the ethics of algorithmic decision-making.
Recalibration of the Sunspot-Number: Status Report
Authors: Clette F. , Lefèvre L. , Chatzistergos T. , Hayakawa H. , Carrasco V. M. S. , Arlt R. , Cliver E. W. , Dudok de Wit T. , Friedli T. K. , Karachik N. , Kopp G. , Lockwood M. , Mathieu S. , Muñoz-Jaramillo A. , Owens M. , Pesnell D. , Pevtsov A. , Svalgaard L. , Usoskin I. G. , van Driel-Gesztelyi L. , Vaquero J. M.
Published: March 2023

We report progress on the ongoing recalibration of the Wolf sunspot number ($S_{\mathrm{N}}$SN) and group-sunspot number ($G_{\mathrm{N}}$GN) following the release of version 2.0 of$S_{\mathrm{N}}$SNin 2015. This report constitutes both an update of the efforts reported in the 2016 Topical Issue of Solar Physics and a summary of work by the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) International Team formed in 2017 to develop optimal$S_{\mathrm{N}}$SNand$G_{\mathrm{N}}$GNreconstruction methods while continuing to expand the historical sunspot-number database. Significant progress has been made on the database side while more work is needed to bring the various proposed$S_{\mathrm{N}}$SNand (primarily)$G_{\mathrm{N}}$GNreconstruction methods closer to maturity, after which the new reconstructions (or combinations thereof) can be compared with (a) “benchmark” expectations for any normalization scheme (e.g., a general increase in observer normalization factors going back in time), and (b) independent proxy data series such as F10.7 and the daily range of variations of Earth’s undisturbed magnetic field. New versions of the underlying databases for$S_{\mathrm{N}}$SNand$G_{\mathrm{N}}$GNwill shortly become available for years through 2022 and we anticipate the release of the next versions of these two time series in 2024.
Long-Term Modulation of Solar Cycles
Authors: Biswas Akash , Karak Bidya Binay , Usoskin Ilya , Weisshaar Eckhard
Published: March 2023

Solar activity has a cyclic nature with the ≈11-year Schwabe cycle dominating its variability on the interannual timescale. However, solar cycles are significantly modulated in length, shape and magnitude, from near-spotless grand minima to very active grand maxima. The ≈400-year-long direct sunspot-number series is inhomogeneous in quality and too short to study robust parameters of long-term solar variability. The cosmogenic-isotope proxy extends the timescale to twelve millennia and provides crucial observational constraints of the long-term solar dynamo modulation. Here, we present a brief up-to-date overview of the long-term variability of solar activity at centennial – millennial timescales. The occurrence of grand minima and maxima is discussed as well as the existing quasi-periodicities such as centennial Gleissberg, 210-year Suess/de Vries and 2400-year Hallstatt cycles. It is shown that the solar cycles contain an important random component and have no clock-like phase locking implying a lack of long-term memory. A brief yet comprehensive review of the theoretical perspectives to explain the observed features in the framework of the dynamo models is presented, including the nonlinearity and stochastic fluctuations in the dynamo. We keep gaining knowledge of the processes driving solar variability with the new data acquainted and new models developed.
Short Pulse Reductive Activation of Pt/ceria for the Low-Temperature CO Abatement in Vehicles Operated with the Synthetic Diesel Fuel OME
Authors: Eisenbeil D. , Demel P. , Haas M. , Hamel H. , Betz B. , Dreizler A. , Beidl C. , Votsmeier M.
Published: March 2023

The synthetic Diesel fuel oxymethylene ether (OME) is sulfur-free by nature, and due to the low soot formation, no active filter regeneration events are required, limiting the maximum temperatures seen by the exhaust catalysts to ~ 450 °C. These OME-specific ageing requirements will enable the application of new types of catalysts that cannot be used in conventional Diesel vehicles. Such new catalytic solutions will allow ultra-low emissions at a much-reduced cost and will hence contribute to the overall efficiency of the OME approach. In this contribution, we focus on CO abatement from OME exhaust. To enable an efficient evaluation of new catalysts under practically relevant conditions, a test bench was set up that can reproduce the transient temperature-, mass flow- and concentration profiles measured during real driving tests. In a first step, the transient test bench was used to compare CO oxidation over a commercial Diesel oxidation catalyst for OME- and conventional Diesel conditions. The same low-load cold-start drive cycle run with OME showed slightly lower raw emissions, but the CO emissions downstream of the catalyst increased by a factor of ~ 2. The main reason for the lower CO conversion is the lower temperature of the OME exhaust. In a second step, we investigated short-pulse reductive activation of Pt/ceria as a promising new technology that benefits from the OME-specific low ageing requirements. A Pt/ceria catalyst activated by a short 5–10 s reductive pulse achieved virtually 100% conversion even at exhaust temperatures below 80 °C. With one 5 s reductive activation pulse per 30-minute drive cycle, a CO conversion of > 99.9% is demonstrated over the low-load cold-start OME drive cycle, compared to 59% obtained with a standard commercial Diesel oxidation catalyst. To our knowledge, this is the first published demonstration of short pulse reductive activation of Pt/ceria for CO oxidation using realistic transient drive cycles.
European Norms Trap? EU Connectivity Policies and the Case of the Global Gateway
Authors: Karjalainen Tyyne
Published: March 2023

Data cables, ports, and mobility are a rising theme in geopolitical competition, and the European Union (EU) also aims to develop a cutting-edge product for the fund-deficit connectivity market. Incapable of competing with China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in the quantity of investments, the EU’s 1-year-old connectivity initiative Global Gateway aims to challenge it with quality, providing more democratic, secure, equal, green, transparent, and sustainable alternatives to lower-income partners. While the BRI has been accused of creating debt traps in the same context, this article analyzes whether there is a risk of the EU’s norm-diffusing policy also having an undermining effect on partners’ agency. Based on a systematic analysis of EU policy documents and strategic communications, the article identifies three categories for the EU’s norms promotion: firstly, the support for regionalism, secondly, the prescribing of standards of connections, and thirdly, the defining of values to be applied in connectivity projects. The article argues that the EU communications reserve a limited role for the partners to participate in or to have control over the processes where values, norms, and standards of connectivity are created. The approach, unlikely to serve the EU’s declared goal of equal partnerships, is rather found to respond to the competitive international context.
Multimodal Imaging of a Culotte Bifurcation Procedure in the Left Main Coronary Artery of a Perfusion-Fixed Human Heart: Step-by-Step with Serial Micro-CT Analyses
Authors: Valenzuela Thomas F. , Iaizzo Paul A.
Published: March 2023

Percutaneous coronary intervention can be a high-risk procedure that would benefit from optimizing device-tissue interactions between stents and coronary vessels. Using a perfusion-fixed human heart with coronary artery disease, we performed a percutaneous coronary intervention of the left main coronary artery bifurcation. This heart was perfused and multimodal imaging was utilized to view the procedure with direct visualization, fluoroscopy, and optical coherence tomography (OCT). We followed the European Bifurcation Club’s guidelines to perform a single-stent bifurcation before transitioning to a two-stent Culotte technique. After each procedural step, the heart was removed from the perfusion apparatus and transferred to a micro-CT scanner to obtain unique scans. We conducted apposition analyses of the computational 3D models from micro-CT DICOM datasets, and compared them to the results from direct visualization and commercial OCT’s Apposition Indicator software. Additional measurements of resulting coronary anatomic expansions were taken to determine the potential roles of each step in improving procedural outcomes.

Graphical Abstract

Micro-CT images show stent deformation during a percutaneous coronary intervention

(provisional to Culotte bifurcation procedure) in an isolated diseased human heart.
Two-stage optimization scheme of routing scheduling from a single distribution center to multiple customers
Authors: Núñez-Muñoz Matías , Linfati Rodrigo , Escobar John Willmer
Published: March 2023

This paper proposes a solution scheme for the problem of scheduling deliveries from distribution centers. The solution scheme is developed in two phases. The first phase corresponds to the collection and processing of data, and the second phase includes the design of a customer assignment model based on the data of the first phase. The first phase provides the characteristics of the customers, the number of orders to be dispatched, and the number of visited customers. In the second phase, optimization techniques are used, considering scheduling and assignment problem-solving methodologies. The optimization model provides the correct assignment of customer orders to vehicles, reducing the number of trips and the fleet's size and occupation percentage. The proposed solution scheme is developed with a company operating a distribution center responsible for dispatching vehicles to all retail customers, wholesalers, and distributors in the Province of Concepción, Province of Arauco, and Province of Itata in Chile. The obtained results are prominent and show that the proposed methodology can be extended to companies performing storage, transportation, and distribution tasks with similar characteristics.
School climate, student engagement and academic achievement across school sectors in Australia
Authors: Tomaszewski Wojtek , Xiang Ning , Huang Yangtao
Published: March 2023

Driven by the focus on standardised assessment and performance-driven accountability, a considerable body of literature has documented differences in students’ academic achievement across school sectors, both internationally and in Australia. However, few studies have to date explored the potential mechanisms underlying such differences, particularly through the lens of school climate and student engagement. And despite extensive literature on school climate and student engagement, including their relationships with achievement, the differences in these patterns across school sectors remain under-studied. In this paper, we leverage nationally representative data from a large-scale longitudinal survey in Australia with linked administrative data on student achievement to reveal different patterns of school climate and student engagement across government, Catholic and independent sectors. Employing multivariable regression analyses, we identify unique school climate and student engagement facets that are associated with improved achievement in each of these sectors, offering important pointers for educational policies.
Comparison of Tool Wear, Surface Morphology, Specific Cutting Energy and Cutting Temperature in Machining of Titanium Alloys Under Hybrid and Green Cooling Strategies
Authors: Gupta Munish Kumar , Niesłony P. , Korkmaz Mehmet Erdi , Kuntoğlu Mustafa , Królczyk G. M. , Günay Mustafa , Sarikaya Murat
Published: March 2023

Cutting energy must be reduced in order to make machining processes more eco-friendly. More energy was expended for the same amount of material removed, hence a higher specific cutting energy (SCE) implies inefficient material removal. Usually, the type of coolants or lubricants affects the SCE, or the amount of energy needed to cut a given volume of material. Therefore, the present work deals with a study of SCE in the turning of Ti–3Al–2.5V alloy under green cooling strategies. In spite of this, the research effort is also focused on the mechanism of tool wear, surface roughness, and cutting temperature under hybrid cooling, i.e., minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and cryogenic. The tool wear rate, were explored with tool mapping analysis, and the results were compared with dry, MQL, and liquid nitrogen (LN2) conditions. The tool wear rate analysis claims that the dry condition causes more built up edge (BUE) formation. In addition, the hybrid cooling conditions are helpful in reducing the SCE while machining titanium alloys.
On the role of social rules in economic development: historical perspectives
Authors: Chavas Jean-Paul
Published: March 2023

This paper explores the role of social rules in economic development. It reviews the historical evidence on social rules and their linkages with human capital. We present supporting evidence from the historical evolution of four important aspects of society: (1) improved dispute resolution mechanisms; (2) the elimination of debt bondage; (3) reductions in the severity of punishments; and (4) the development of limited liability rules and their linkages with the rise of the modern corporation. In each case, we evaluate how social rules have evolved to protect human capital and support economic development.
Advanced Persistent Threat Identification with Boosting and Explainable AI
Authors: Hasan Md. Mahadi , Islam Muhammad Usama , Uddin Jasim
Published: March 2023

Advanced persistent threat (APT) is a serious concern in cyber-security that has matured and grown over the years with the advent of technology. The main aim of this study is to establish an effective identification model for APT attacks to prevent and reduce their influence. Machine learning has the potential as well as substantial background to detect and predict cyber-security threats including APT. This study utilized several boosting-based machine learning methods to predict various types of APTs that are consistent in cyber-security domain. Furthermore, Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) was coupled with the predictions to provide actionable insights to the domain stakeholders as well as practitioners in this domain. The results, particularly XGBoost with weighted F1 score of 0.97 and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP)-based explanation, prove that boosting methods as well as machine learning models paired with XAI are indeed promising in handling cyber-security-related dataset problems which can be extrapolated towards new avenues of challenging research by effectively deploying boosting-based XAI models.
Spatial analysis and optimization of self-pickup points of a new retail model in the Post-Epidemic Era: the case of Community-Group-Buying in Xi’an City
Authors: Lin Zhe , Li Gang , Mehmood Muhammad Sajid , Nie Qifan , Zheng Ziwan
Published: March 2023

The Community-Group-Buying Points (CGBPs) flourished during COVID-19, safeguarding the daily lives of community residents in community lockdowns, and continuing to serve as a popular daily shopping channel in the Post-Epidemic Era with its advantages of low price, convenience and neighborhood trust. These CGBPs are allocated on location preferences however spatial distribution is not equal. Therefore, in this study, we used point of interest (POI) data of 2,433 CGBPs to analyze spatial distribution, operation mode and accessibility of CGBPs in Xi’an city, China as well as proposed the location optimization model. The results showed that the CGBPs were spatially distributed as clusters at α = 0.01 (Moran’s I = 0.44). The CGBPs operation mode was divided into preparation, marketing, transportation, and self-pickup. Further CGBPs were mainly operating in the form of joint ventures, and the relying targets presented the characteristic of ‘convenience store-based and multi-type coexistence’. Influenced by urban planning, land use, and cultural relics protection regulations, they showed an elliptic distribution pattern with a small oblateness, and the density showed a low–high-low circular distribution pattern from the Palace of Tang Dynasty outwards. Furthermore, the number of communities, population density, GDP, and housing type were important driving factors of the spatial pattern of CGBPs. Finally, to maximize attendance, it was suggested to add 248 new CGBPs, retain 394 existing CGBPs, and replace the remaining CGBPs with farmers’ markets, mobile vendors, and supermarkets. The findings of this study would be beneficial to CGB companies in increasing the efficiency of self-pick-up facilities, to city planners in improving urban community-life cycle planning, and to policymakers in formulating relevant policies to balance the interests of stakeholders: CGB enterprises, residents, and vendors.
Modeling and parameter identification of verification systems using stochastic configuration networks
Authors: Qiao Jinghui , Xiong Ningkang , Pan Zhong
Published: March 2023

The gas flow verification system with positive pressure sonic nozzle is calling for high requirements on the stability of gas source pressure. It is difficult to guarantee the stagnation cabin pressure be controlled within its targeted range, because of varying boundary conditions. To solve the above problems, this paper presents a modeling method based on mechanism and data-driven for gas flow verification system with the positive pressure sonic nozzle. The stochastic configuration network is used to dynamically identify parameters in the mechanism model. After substituting the identification results into the model, the RMSE of the pressure and temperature in the stagnation cabin obtained from the simulation and the actual data are 1.26 × 104 and 2.64 × 104, respectively. Considering the dead zone of the regulating valve and the replacement of regulating valve in the actual operation, the model is analyzed by disturbance experiment. Experimental results show that the dynamic mathematical model could reflect the changing trend of the pressure in the pressure regulating process and prove its effectiveness.
Death Reporting in Breakthrough and Unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2 Infection Cases
Authors: Emami Amir , Javanmardi Fatemeh , Bakhtiari Hamid , Rezaei Tahereh , Hemmati Abdolrasoul , Akbari Ali , Pirbonyeh Neda
Published: March 2023

Vaccines are undeniably an important tool for controlling infectious disease outbreaks, and they are the most certain way to end the epidemic risk. This brief report describes the characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths among breakthrough and unvaccinated cases hospitalized in Fars province in the south of Iran. This cross-sectional study was performed to compare breakthrough and unvaccinated death cases in Fars, Iran (February 2, to August 19, 2021). Among 444,728 fully vaccinated people, 60,800 breakthrough cases were detected. Thus, 501 died, of which 297 (297/501) cases were hospitalized and compared with the unvaccinated dead group. The median age for breakthrough and unvaccinated cases was estimated 79 and 65 y, respectively. All signs and symptoms of COVID-19 were more frequent in the unvaccinated group. Decreasing O2 saturation (less than 93%) happened more often in the unvaccinated group significantly. Unvaccinated dead patients had significantly shorter hospital stays. These patients received 66.63% Sinopharm, 0.67% Sputnik, 0.67% COVIran Barekat, and 31.99% AstraZeneca vaccines. None of them were health-care staff. Equitable access to safe and effective vaccines is critical to ending the COVID-19 pandemic. As vaccine uptake increases, we observed a decrease in mortality and protection from severe forms of the disease.
Breaking the Televisual Consensus in Chile: Popular Subjectivity and Popular Revolt in the TV SeriesEl reemplazante
Authors: Martin-Cabrera Luis
Published: March 2023

This article presents a cultural analysis of the Chilean TV seriesEl reemplazante(The substitute). The series ran on TVN (National Television of Chile) from 2012 to 2013, and it is currently available on Netflix. The show broke televisual consensus in Chile that made the production of TV series invested in promoting dissenting political viewpoints virtually impossible. As such,El reemplazantecan be conceived as an antecedent of the 2019 social uprising and as an alternative model of critical TV in Chile and Latin America. The article first examines the mediation between the patriarchal and racist model of the superhero teacher and the construction of a popular subjectivity that disrupts said model. It then deals with the hyperrealist aesthetic of the show as a privileged mode of enacting a social critique on TV, and it addresses the representation of the city and its geographies of segregation as a gateway to unpacking the problematic of education in neoliberal Chile. The conclusion reflects on the abrupt cancellation of the show and the limits that the Chilean production model places on TV series with transformative intentions.
Autonomous Weapons and the Right to Self-Defence
Authors: Kleczkowska Agata
Published: March 2023

This article focuses on the application of autonomous weapons (AWs) in defensive systems and, consequently, assesses the conditions of the legality of employing such weapons from the perspective of the right to self-defence. How far may humans exert control over AWs? Are there any legal constraints in using AWs for the purpose of self-defence? How does their use fit into the traditional criteria of self-defence? The article claims that there are no legal grounds to exclude AWs in advance from being employed to exercise the right to self-defence. In general, the legality of their use depends on how they were pre-programmed by humans and whether they were activated under proper circumstances. The article is divided into three parts. The first discusses how human control over AWs affects the legality of their use. Secondly, the article analyses the criteria of necessity and proportionality during the exercise of the right to self-defence in the context of the employment of AWs. Finally, the use of AWs for anticipatory, pre-emptive or preventive self-defence is investigated.
Role of the overshoot in the shock self-organization
Authors: Gedalin Michael , Dimmock Andrew P. , Russell Christopher T. , Pogorelov Nikolai V. , Roytershteyn Vadim
Published: March 2023

A collisionless shock is a self-organized structure where fields and particle distributions are mutually adjusted to ensure a stable mass, momentum and energy transfer from the upstream to the downstream region. This adjustment may involve rippling, reformation or whatever else is needed to maintain the shock. The fields inside the shock front are produced due to the motion of charged particles, which is in turn governed by the fields. The overshoot arises due to the deceleration of the ion flow by the increasing magnetic field, so that the drop of the dynamic pressure should be compensated by the increase of the magnetic pressure. The role of the overshoot is to regulate ion reflection, thus properly adjusting the downstream ion temperature and kinetic pressure and also speeding up the collisionless relaxation and reducing the anisotropy of the eventually gyrotropized distributions.
A safety net for all? – Vignette-based assessments of Swedish social assistance over three decades
Authors: Bergmark Åke , Stranz Hugo
Published: March 2023

Swedish welfare is often characterized as comprehensive and generous. Social assistance constitutes the final safety net in the Swedish model. Unlike most other benefits, eligibility and subsidy levels are here subject to extensive means-testing, with eligibility determined by individual caseworkers. In this article, we explore the extent to which eligibility determination and generosity of benefits have changed in social assistance assessments over three decades, relating these to changes in regulations over the same period.

The article presents data from three independent vignette studies conducted in the mid-1990s, mid-2000s and in 2018 respectively. The data consist of assessments of a total of six vignettes, made by individual caseworkers (n=1 337). The results indicate that overall generosity in social assistance has decreased considerably over the last 25 years and that, despite both national and local initiatives to reduce individual variation in assessments, disparities have instead increased.
A Revolutionary's “Stravaganza”: Police and Morality in the Habsburg Empire (1780–1830)
Authors: Himl Pavel
Published: March 2023

During the era following the Enlightenment, the police became the main institution to oversee the maintenance of public order in many European cities. Their activities also shaped the idea of public order and public morality. The police were important in the context of political change and perceived “threat of revolution” but also in other areas, including the control of movement and residence. From the end of the eighteenth century, criminal codes were changing, and in the Habsburg monarchy, these changes included the definition of a new category of less grave “police delicts.” This study compares police norms and practice in the period of 1790–1830. Using several concrete examples, the author investigates whether the approach of the police and the authorities to moral offenses changed in connection with social and political developments (reaction to revolutions, restoration, changes in the influence of the Church). The aim of the study is to analyze whether the Habsburg police, in an era of more liberal legislation, played a similar restrictive role in the area of moral offenses as they did in controlling political activities.
Nocturnal activity and behaviour of the elusive bushy-tailed opossum (Glironia Venusta)
Authors: Rushford Corrie E. , Glynn Sean
Published: March 2023

The bushy-tailed opossum (Glironia venusta) is a small arboreal marsupial found in the Amazon basin. G. venusta is rarely seen and has few published sightings throughout its range. Videos (N = 79) were obtained from arboreal camera traps located in the Las Piedras Amazon Center near the Las Piedras River (SE Peru) from April 2017 until November 2017. Our new records, the first for the Las Piedras River, demonstrate that the species is nocturnal with activity peaks at 3:00 h and 20:00 h in the hours of complete darkness. The abundance of camera trap footage of such a rarely observed species further demonstrates the effectiveness of arboreal camera trapping to conduct species assessments.
Comparative transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants and the impact of vaccination: national cohort study, England
Authors: Allen Hester , Tessier Elise , Turner Charlie , Anderson Charlotte , Blomquist Paula , Simons David , Løchen Alessandra , Jarvis Christopher I. , Groves Natalie , Capelastegui Fernando , Flannagan Joe , Zaidi Asad , Chen Cong , Rawlinson Christopher , Hughes Gareth J. , Chudasama Dimple , Nash Sophie , Thelwall Simon , Lopez-Bernal Jamie , Dabrera Gavin , Charlett André , Kall Meaghan , Lamagni Theresa
Published: March 2023

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) rapidly replaced Delta (B.1.617.2) to become dominant in England. Our study assessed differences in transmission between Omicron and Delta using two independent data sources and methods. Omicron and Delta cases were identified through genomic sequencing, genotyping and S-gene target failure in England from 5–11 December 2021. Secondary attack rates for named contacts were calculated in household and non-household settings using contact tracing data, while household clustering was identified using national surveillance data. Logistic regression models were applied to control for factors associated with transmission for both methods. For contact tracing data, higher secondary attack rates for Omicron vs. Delta were identified in households (15.0% vs. 10.8%) and non-households (8.2% vs. 3.7%). For both variants, in household settings, onward transmission was reduced from cases and named contacts who had three doses of vaccine compared to two, but this effect was less pronounced for Omicron (adjusted risk ratio, aRR 0.78 and 0.88) than Delta (aRR 0.62 and 0.68). In non-household settings, a similar reduction was observed only in contacts who had three doses vs. two doses for both Delta (aRR 0.51) and Omicron (aRR 0.76). For national surveillance data, the risk of household clustering, was increased 3.5-fold for Omicron compared to Delta (aRR 3.54 (3.29–3.81)). Our study identified increased risk of onward transmission of Omicron, consistent with its successful global displacement of Delta. We identified a reduced effectiveness of vaccination in lowering risk of transmission, a likely contributor for the rapid propagation of Omicron.
Bidirectional relations between altruistic tendency and benign/malicious envy among adolescents: A longitudinal study and weekly diary study
Authors: Xiang Yanhui , Zhou Yue
Published: March 2023

Altruism is a prosocial tendency that has developed through long-term evolutionary selection. The present study adopts social comparison and evolutionary psychology theories to examine how benign/malicious envy can affect altruism and how altruism can affect the two types of envy in turn, respectively. In Study 1, 513 adolescents participated in a three-wave longitudinal survey to explore the relationships between dispositional altruistic tendency and dispositional benign/malicious envy. The cross-lagged analysis showed a long-term and stable negative bidirectional relationship between dispositional altruistic tendency and dispositional malicious envy and a short-term positive bidirectional relationship between dispositional altruism and dispositional benign envy. In Study 2, 109 adolescents kept a weekly diary for seven consecutive weeks to record state levels of altruistic tendency and benign/malicious envy in their daily lives. The hierarchical linear model demonstrated that weekly altruistic tendency and weekly benign envy could positively predict each other, and weekly altruistic tendency presented a negative bidirectional relationship with weekly malicious envy. These findings offer an effective way to study the relationship between human behavior and emotions from perspectives of social comparison and evolutionary psychology theories. Meanwhile, it also has practical significance for the harmonious development of society.