bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An objective assessment strategy for industrial reinforced concrete structures – Case study
Authors: De Winter Liesbet , Maes Mathias , Soetens Tim , Belleghem Bjorn Van
Published: June 2022

Due to the booming construction wave between the 60´s and 80´s, a lot of reinforced concrete structures are now approaching their intended service life design. Concerning the industrial sector, an unforeseen shutdown of production processes due to urgent maintenance or repair actions of reinforced concrete structures can have major consequences for owners and managers. Therefore, it is important that they get a clear view of the current state of their structures in order to shift towards a more proactive maintenance. In order to recognize and assess both classic and more complex damage phenomena, a scientific approach to translate collected field data towards a service life and inherent repair strategies for the concrete structure is adopted by means of an in-house developed data analysis tool DIMCoSt (Durability Information Model for Concrete Structures). The objective assessment strategy is described in this paper by means of a case study. The subject of the case study is concrete storage silos. Although the applied methodology is mainly universal, each case has its own emphasis that must be considered regarding the decision-making process based on the owner’s or manager’s requirements. By means of this case, a scientifically based approach is presented which leads to objective decision-making regarding asset management and planning of maintenance or renovation activities.
Use of a CFRP reinforcement anode for the cathodic protection of an iconic building
Authors: Hallopeau Xavier , Lesieutre Olivier , Annede-Villeau Camille , Marie-Victoire Elisabeth
Published: June 2022

This paper reports the use of a new impressed anode for the reinforcement and the cathodic protection of steel reinforced rebars in concrete beams and columns of a French historical monument. It deals with the application of a dual effect of CFRP reinforcement. The application of a DC current on a carbon fiber-reinforced-polymer used both as a structural reinforcement and as a surface anode, allowed to polarize the steel in concrete. It was then possible to combine the strengthening function with the development of a multifunctional composite allowing protecting of steel rebar from corrosion but also the monitoring of repairing function versus time. The key to success in the development of this surface anode-reinforcement was the possibility of obtaining uniform distribution of current. This innovative technique was applied to the conservation of the reinforced concrete beams and columns of an iconic building of the north of France: the Belfry of Le Touquet’s city hall
Maintenance experiences with installed CP systems in the Netherlands and their expected and unexpected maintenance needs during the past 35 years
Authors: van den Hondel Andreas Johannes (Hans)
Published: June 2022

This paper presents the results of a study based on practical experiences and cases with regard to the need for maintenance of installed CP systems over the past 35 years in the Netherlands. CP is a proven technique for long-term protection of steel in concrete against corrosion. Corrosion can lead to significant damage to reinforced concrete and ultimately result in a reduction in the load-bearing capacity of the structure. Correct application of CP can prevent this. Over 35 years, CP has been successfully applied in the Netherlands to all kinds of concrete structures in the industry, residential buildings, infrastructure and even monuments. CP normally distinguishes itself from other repair techniques by its long service life and durability. With careful application and professional monitoring, a service life of 15-30 years or even longer can be achieved. Nevertheless, there have been applications in which the CP system had to be maintained in the shorter or longer term or even completely replaced. Although every application requires maintenance, this maintenance sometimes came completely unexpectedly or much too soon. This paper gives an overview of a number of such projects and identifies the causes and consequences (in scope, costs and effects) of the relevant maintenance measures.
Influence of corrosion rates on polarization and current distribution of ICCP in concrete
Authors: Bhuiyan Shamir , Law David
Published: June 2022

Corrosion rate is known to be a factor affecting the distribution of current in cathodic protection (CP) applications. This paper demonstrates the effect of different corrosion rates of embedded steel in concrete on the polarization and distribution of current during CP application. A concrete specimen was cast with separate steel bars at a fixed distance from a centralised anode. The bars are embedded in sections containing different admixed chloride concentrations to create varying corrosion rates. The specimen was conditioned to allow development of corrosion followed by application of short-term CP at a constant current of 20mA/m2. The magnitude of current flowing to each section was logged along with corresponding potential shifts. Trends were then correlated to the corrosion rates together with circuit resistance. Circuit resistance was shown to predominantly control current distribution whereas corrosion rates had a significant influence on polarization.
De-icing salt resistance of high early-strength concrete for rapid repairs
Authors: Ghafoori Nader , Maler Matthew O. , Najimi Meysam , Hasnat Ariful
Published: June 2022

This paper examines the freezing and thawing resistance of high early-strength concrete (HESC) developed for rapid repair of pavements and bridge decks. The cement types chosen for this study included ASTM Type III, ASTM Type V, and Calcium Sulfoaluminate (CSA). A cement content of 386 kg/m3 was maintained for all studied concretes. Specimens were tested after 24 hours and 28 days of curing in order to evaluate compressive and flexural strengths. In addition, the opening time was determined based on the required time to achieve the minimum compressive strength of 20.7 MPa. The freezing and thawing (F–T) resistance of the test samples were evaluated in accordance with the F–T duration of 96 hours per cycle for a total of 25 cycles. Test results revealed that at the opening time and after 24 hours curing, CSA cement concrete displayed the highest compressive and flexural strengths, but lowest resistance to freezing and thawing with de-icing salt. The 28-day cured Type V cement concrete produced the highest strength and de-icing salt resistance, while CSA cement concrete produced the contrary.
Performance evaluation of patch repairs on historic concrete structures (PEPS): a bibliographic review of patch repair durability
Authors: Ducasse-Lapeyrusse Jean , Marie-Victoire Elisabeth , Bouichou Myriam , Arato Goncalves Ana Paula , Wilkie Simeon , Macdonald Susan , Lauder Nicki , Farrell David , Gaudette Paul , Harrer Ann
Published: June 2022

Concrete repair and, more specifically, patch repair, is a complex process, which still presents challenges and results in durability issues. Durability of a patch repair is affected by many factors occurring throughout the repair process, such as diagnosis of the existing structure, design of the repair material, surface preparation, workmanship, loading, and exposure conditions [1]. Each phenomenon should be individually understood, but, for an efficient and durable repair, a holistic approach is advisable as every parameter is likely to affect several other variables in a different way [2]. This topic is abundant in the scientific literature related to contemporary concrete structures, but few are dedicated to historic concrete. All the considerations for modern buildings are relevant for concrete heritage, but additional specific requirements must be considered in order to preserve its cultural significance. The purpose of this bibliographic study is to highlight the key factors for evaluating the performance of concrete patch repair in the peculiar context of cultural heritage. Particular focus is put on compatibility issues between the repair system and the original historic material.
Performance evaluation of patch repairs on historic concrete structures (PEPS): a methodology for in situ and laboratory analyses
Authors: Wilkie Simeon , Ducasse-Lapeyrusse Jean , Arato Gonçalves Ana Paula , Marie-Victoire Elisabeth , Macdonald Susan , Bouichou Myriam , Lauder Nicki , Farrell David , Gaudette Paul , Harrer Ann
Published: June 2022

While there have been many studies on the performance criteria of concrete patch repairs, there are few specific studies on the long-term performance of patch repairs designed to preserve the aesthetic significance of the original fabric of culturally significant concrete structures. In order to address this issue, the Getty Conservation Institute (GCI), Historic England (HE) and the Laboratoire de Recherche des Monuments Historiques (LRMH) commenced work on an international collaborative research project, ‘Performance Evaluation of Patch Repairs on Historic Concrete Structures’ (PEPS). Begun in 2018, the PEPS project aims to produce practical guidance that will help those repairing historic concrete through the assessment of case studies in the USA, England and France within a variety of climatic and environmental conditions, typologies and repair materials. The operational phases of the research project consist of in situ tests and laboratory analysis performed on both the original concrete and previous patch repairs. This paper provides an overview of the assessment methodology that has been developed by an inter-disciplinary team of professionals working in the field of concrete conservation, and includes a variety of traditional and non-traditional non-destructive, mechanical, chemical, and electro-chemical characterization and diagnostic techniques.
Effect of different mixture parameters on the setting time of fly ash/rice husk ash-based geopolymer mortar
Authors: Naghizadeh Abdolhossein , Ekolu Stephen
Published: June 2022

The present study investigated the effects of different mixture parameters on the setting time of fly ash/rice husk ash – based geopolymer mortars. Mortar mixtures were prepared using fly ash and rice husk ash as the raw material, activated using a blended alkali activator solution consisting of sodium hydroxide (SH) and sodium silicate (SS). The concentration of SH was varied from 10M to 14M, while the SS/SH ratio was varied to 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0. The ratio of alkali activator solution to binder (A/B) was also varied from 0.45 to 0.55. Fresh mortar mixtures were subjected to setting time measurement at curing temperatures of 80 °C. Cubes of 50 mm size were also prepared and subjected to compressive strength testing at different ages. Results showed that increases in both parameters comprising SS/SH ratio and SH concentration resulted in reduction of setting time, while rise in A/B ratio led to increase in setting time of mortars.
Deterioration in concrete exposed to sodium chloride and heat-cool cycling
Authors: Althoey Fadi , Farnam Yaghoob , Alyami Saleh H. , Fenais Amr
Published: June 2022

Many infrastructure domains required material research as an initial phase of project development life cycle. One such futuristic domain is bridge engineering, where there is a critical need of study of environmental impact and material strength. This paper focuses on the premature deterioration of concrete infrastructures exposed to sodium chloride (NaCl) salts in the presence of thermal cycling. NaCl salts can cause damage and rapid deterioration of concrete due to physical and chemical aspects, including salt scaling, corrosion of rebars, ice and salt crystallizations and/or deleterious chemical reactions. This paper discusses how NaCl solutions can cause damage in concrete in the presence of thermal cycling and how such damage can be mitigated. This paper at-tempts to provide an advanced thermo-chemo-physical understanding of NaCl salt damage in concrete. This paper also discusses specific structural and chemical alterations during thermal cycling that are caused by NaCl to develop damage to concrete. Results indicates that the heat-cool cycling induces the formation of mirabilite (Na2SO4.10H2O) in concrete exposed to high concentrations of NaCl solution. The mirabilite formation is found to be due to the release of sulfate ions from the concrete matrix.
Critical evaluation of NDT for rapid condition assessment of existing RC buildings: A case study
Authors: Karatosun Serkan , Yazar Muzaffer , Gunes Oguz , Taskin Beyza
Published: June 2022

There is an urgent need for rapid and reliable condition assessment of existing reinforced concrete (RC) buildings as a basis for structural safety evaluation, especially in developing countries in seismic regions such as Turkey. Traditionally, RC structures are evaluated by taking core samples from a limited number of structural elements for concrete strength and performing spot checks for the steel reinforcement by removing the concrete cover. In-situ concrete strength is determined through compression testing of core samples. Through spot checks, conformance of the existing reinforcement with the structural drawings is evaluated and a reinforcement realization factor is calculated for use in the analyses. Even though these conventional methods are relatively more accurate and reliable for condition assessment of existing RC structures, they are destructive, involved, time taking, slow and expensive. Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods are proposed as a solution to this problem. Using NDT methods in conjunction with a relatively small number of core tests potentially allows for more rapid yet still reliable condition assessment of existing structures. In this paper, a critical evaluation of rapid and reliable condition assessment methods is made through investigations on an 18-story residential RC building as a case study. Investigation results show that using NDT helps achieve time and cost savings while allowing for reliable condition assessment of existing buildings, and promises further savings through continued research and development in this area.
Secure transmission technology based on direct modulation with random channel characteristics
Authors: Yang Rong , Hu Aiqun
Published: June 2022

Aiming at the problem of insufficient security in the existing wireless data transmission, a security transmission technology based on direct modulation with random channel characteristics is proposed. The method first estimates channel characteristics using the preamble in the communication frame, and then embeds channel characteristics into the I/Q modulator. After that, the modulated constellation diagram undergoes random hopping of the constellation position compared with the original constellation diagram, thus achieving the effect of secure transmission. Due to the reciprocity of the uplink and downlink channels, channel characteristics estimated by the downlink receiver are almost the same as those estimated by the uplink receiver, and the correct plaintext data can be recovered by performing corresponding demodulation with them. Compared with the existing scheme of quantizing channel characteristics and then encrypting data, the method reduces the performance loss caused by quantization. In addition, its bit error rate is lower than that of the quantization method. In general, it has higher security and convenience.
Robotic total hip arthroplasty for fused hips in ankylosing spondylitis patients: Our experience with robotic arm technology
Authors: Singh Ashish , Telagareddy Kartheek , Kumar Purushotam , Singh Sushil
Published: June 2022

The conversion from a fused hip to conventional total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis can be challenging. The problems are related to patient positioning, surgical exposure, femoral neck osteotomy, identifying the true acetabulum, and proper implant positioning. This case series describes our experience using the Mako Robotic-Arm in four bilateral THA procedures (each conducted in a single session) and one unilateral procedure in a fifth patient. Robotic total hip arthroplasty (RTHA) simplified THA by providing real-time information on the relative positions of the femur, pelvis, instruments, and implants to guide the surgery and implant placement.
3 Fachleute – 3 Strategien: Equines Asthma
Authors: Börner Doris , Zohmann Andreas , Kreis Thomas
Published: June 2022

Eine Krankheit, viele Begriffe: Früher nannte man es Dämpfigkeit,
dann entwickelten sich die Begriffe COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
und COB (chronisch obstruktive Bronchitis) sowie die im englischen Sprachraum
gebräuchlichen Bezeichnungen RAO (recurrent airway obstruction) und IAD
(inflammatory airway disease). Die aktuell etablierte Bezeichnung ist Equines
Asthma. Sie alle meinen im Grunde dasselbe – eine chronische Verengung
der Atemwege. Die Behandlungsstrategie bei Equinem Asthma kann auf mehreren
Säulen ruhen. Wir blicken interdisziplinär darauf, welche
Möglichkeiten bei erkrankten Pferden in Betracht gezogen werden
können.
Interventional Radiology Regional Anesthesia Approaches for Intra- and Postprocedural Pain Control
Authors: Sag Alan Alper , Qadri Yawar Jamal
Published: June 2022

Effective pain control enables procedural success and improved patient satisfaction in interventional radiology. Regional anesthesia techniques are now established for intraoperative and postoperative anesthesia during major surgery, and interventional radiologists (IRs) can readily apply these injections for intraprocedural nerve blocks that can reduce anesthetic requirements and ensure durable analgesia postprocedure. Moreover, IR is poised to advance this field with novel blocks unique to IR needs and by blocking deep plexi safely reachable with CT guidance (e.g., hepatic hilar plexus, aorticorenal plexus blocks). This report aims to provide a succinct IR-directed primer for image-guided nerve blocks usable in the interventional radiology suite.
Development of a UPLC-MS/MS Method for Pharmacokinetic and Tissue Distribution of Isoeleutherin, Eleutherin, and Eleutherol in Bulbus eleutherinis in Rats
Authors: Guo Peng-Cheng , Chen Jie-Yu , Su Jing , Raza Faisal , Hao Bin , Wu Xin-Yi , Cheng Yi-Qing , Qiu Ming-Feng
Published: June 2022

Bulbus eleutherinis is a classical traditional Dai medicine, and has been widely used in clinical treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Yunnan, China. Naphthoquinone, as the main active compound in Bulbus eleutherinis in treating CHD, mainly contain isoeleutherin, eleutherin, and eleutherol. This study aimed to investigate the in vivo parameters of isoeleutherin, eleutherin, and eleutherol. In this work, male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were treated with the three compounds by oral administration, and then blood and tissue samples were collected. A novel UPLC-MS/MS (ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) method has been developed to determine the absolute oral bioavailability, and the tissue distribution profile of the compounds. Acetonitrile and 0.1% (v/v) solution of formic acid were selected as the mobile phase of the chromatogram. C18 column was employed. Betamethasone was used as an internal standard in the method. The detection was performed with a multireaction monitor of scan type in positive ion mode by MS/MS. Our data showed linearity of the method with r over 0.9983. Lower limits of quantification of isoeleutherin, eleutherin, and eleutherol were 1.00, 3.84, and 0.498 ng/mL, respectively. The overall precision of the compounds was less than 12.68%, recoveries ranged from 85.44 to 103.83%, and the accuracy of the compounds in plasma was between 91.56 and 110.75%. The stability assay showed that they were stable (87.83–114.62%) under different conditions in plasma. For oral administration, the half-lives of isoeleutherin, eleutherin, and eleutherol was 6.11, 7.30, and 3.07 hours, respectively. The absolute oral bioavailabilities were 5.38, 4.64, and 2.47%, respectively. Moreover, the three components had the highest distribution in small intestine. In conclusion, the established method was successfully applied to the determination of the in vivo parameters of the three components in SD rats. This work provides a reference for the development of new drugs of Bulbus eleutherinis in the future.
Wittgenstein’s Unglauben: Jacques Lacan and the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
Authors: Turner Kirk , Sharpe Matthew
Published: June 2022

Jacques Lacan devoted one of the sessions of his important Seminar XVII, The Other Side of Psychoanalysis, to Ludwig Wittgenstein’s classic work Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. Despite Lacan’s and Wittgenstein’s huge influence across academic disciplines (and the analytic–continental divide in philosophy), there has been no scholarly attempt to examine Lacan’s claims concerning Wittgenstein in this seminar. This paper sets out to redress this gap in the literature. Specifically, we look at the context of the engagement; Lacan’s reconstruction of Wittgenstein’s arguments; their differing conceptions of truth, knowledge and the subject; and the issue of Wittgenstein’s seemingly “psychotic” position.
The potential of emotive language to influence the understanding of textual information in media coverage
Authors: Absattar Adil , Mambetova Manshuk , Zhubay Orynay
Published: June 2022

Online media attempts to influence how people think. The promotion of online discourses and the use of extra-linguistic factors enable a tilt towards a desired way of thinking. Internet users seek, make decisions, and act not only according to their beliefs but also according to the ideas propagated by the media. This paper focuses on public relations formation in a media discourse and an emotive response to news coverage. The paper aims to analyze the use of emotive linguistic means at the level of Kazakh media discourse. Through contextual analysis of emotive vocabulary used in media discourse, the paper explores the cognitive perception of media coverage by readers. This method allows for an in-death study of emotivity. The scientific novelty of the study is that it examines the emotive aspect of the Internet media discourse. The results show that emotivity of the Kazakh media texts is expressed using lexical and syntactic means and is crucial for building public relations and influencing the audience. The studied corpus includes media texts from the three largest online media sources in Kazakhstan. It appears that the culture of Internet media readers plays a decisive role in how they perceive products of communication, even if there are other variables involved in the equation. The use of emotive items in online media debates was found to depend on discourse content and writer’s intentions. A sample of emotive items was used. Content published on politics-oriented online media (Zakon.kz) channeled negative emotions, namely sadness and fear. Online media sources with entertainment content (Kazinform and Sputnik Kazakhstan) were characterized by the presence of such universal emotions as fear, joy, and hope. Positive emotions prevail. In general, the potential of Internet media content to influence readers and manipulation tactics vary depending on the content of the coverage.
An agenda for future Social Sciences and Humanities research on energy efficiency: 100 priority research questions
Authors: Foulds Chris , Royston Sarah , Berker Thomas , Nakopoulou Efi , Bharucha Zareen Pervez , Robison Rosie , Abram Simone , Ančić Branko , Arapostathis Stathis , Badescu Gabriel , Bull Richard , Cohen Jed , Dunlop Tessa , Dunphy Niall , Dupont Claire , Fischer Corinna , Gram-Hanssen Kirsten , Grandclément Catherine , Heiskanen Eva , Labanca Nicola , Jeliazkova Maria , Jörgens Helge , Keller Margit , Kern Florian , Lombardi Patrizia , Mourik Ruth , Ornetzeder Michael , Pearson Peter J. G. , Rohracher Harald , Sahakian Marlyne , Sari Ramazan , Standal Karina , Živčič Lidija
Published: June 2022

Decades of techno-economic energy policymaking and research have meant evidence from the Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH)—including critical reflections on what changing a society’s relation to energy (efficiency) even means—have been underutilised. In particular, (i) the SSH have too often been sidelined and/or narrowly pigeonholed by policymakers, funders, and other decision-makers when driving research agendas, and (ii) the setting of SSH-focused research agendas has not historically embedded inclusive and deliberative processes. The aim of this paper is to address these gaps through the production of a research agenda outlining future SSH research priorities for energy efficiency. A Horizon Scanning exercise was run, which sought to identify 100 priority SSH questions for energy efficiency research. This exercise included 152 researchers with prior SSH expertise on energy efficiency, who together spanned 62 (sub-)disciplines of SSH, 23 countries, and a full range of career stages. The resultant questions were inductively clustered into seven themes as follows: (1) Citizenship, engagement and knowledge exchange in relation to energy efficiency; (2) Energy efficiency in relation to equity, justice, poverty and vulnerability; (3) Energy efficiency in relation to everyday life and practices of energy consumption and production; (4) Framing, defining and measuring energy efficiency; (5) Governance, policy and political issues around energy efficiency; (6) Roles of economic systems, supply chains and financial mechanisms in improving energy efficiency; and (7) The interactions, unintended consequences and rebound effects of energy efficiency interventions. Given the consistent centrality of energy efficiency in policy programmes, this paper highlights that well-developed SSH approaches are ready to be mobilised to contribute to the development, and/or to understand the implications, of energy efficiency measures and governance solutions. Implicitly, it also emphasises the heterogeneity of SSH policy evidence that can be produced. The agenda will be of use for both (1) those new to the energy-SSH field (including policyworkers), for learnings on the capabilities and capacities of energy-SSH, and (2) established energy-SSH researchers, for insights on the collectively held futures of energy-SSH research.
Highly integrated programmable metasurface for multifunctions in reflections and transmissions
Authors: Ma Qian , Hong Qiao Ru , Gao Xinxin , Xiao Qiang , Chen Lei , Cui Tie Jun
Published: June 2022

Programmable manipulations on both reflections and transmissions usually require multi-layer metasurfaces, numerous active components, and control circuits, leading to a larger profile, complicated bias circuit design, and higher cost. To address this problem, we present a highly integrated multifunctional metasurface for programmable reflections and transmissions using a single-layer metasurface and a single active component in each element. We design a multi-channel switchable structure, dominated by a single-pole triple-throw switcher, to alternatively achieve the 1-bit reflection-phase programmable modulations, total reflection, absorption, and transmission. Benefitting from the highly integrated packaging of the switcher chip and meta-structures, our scheme significantly reduces the design difficulty and improves the composite performance. The experimental results validate the capability of the proposed metasurface in realizing the multiple functions in a programmable way using the simple structure and control circuit. We believe that our design could further enrich the design methods of metasurfaces and provide new functions for information devices and systems.
Molecular ZIP codes in targeted drug delivery
Authors: Ruoslahti Erkki
Published: June 2022

The term “molecular ZIP (or area) codes” refers to an originally hypothetical system of cell adhesion molecules that would control cell trafficking in the body. Subsequent discovery of the integrins, cadherins, and other cell adhesion molecules confirmed this hypothesis. The recognition system encompassing integrins and their ligands came particularly close to fulfilling the original ZIP code hypothesis, as multiple integrins with closely related specificities mediate cell adhesion by binding to an RGD or related sequence in various extracellular matrix proteins. Diseased tissues have their own molecular addresses that, although not necessarily involved in cell trafficking, can be made use of in targeted drug delivery. This article discusses the molecular basis of ZIP codes and the extensive effort under way to harness them for drug delivery purposes.
Design and analysis of GaAsN based solar cell for harvesting visible to near-infrared light
Authors: Haque Md Dulal , Ali Md Hasan , Hossain Md Mahabub , Hossain Md Selim , Hossain M Ismail , Halim Md Abdul , Islam A Z M Touhidul
Published: June 2022

In the present study, the performance parameters of GaAsN dilute nitride-based semiconductor solar cell with and without AlGaAs blocking layers have been investigated in detail by Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator in one dimensional software program (SCAPS-1D). The thickness of absorber, buffer, and blocking layers are varied to achieve the improvement of open circuit voltage, short circuit current, fill factor, efficiency and also to optimize the device structure. The impact of doping and defect densities on the solar cell performance parameters have been analyzed minutely inside the absorber, buffer, and blocking layers. The solar cell thermal stability parameters are also investigated in the temperature region from 273K to 373K. The efficiency of 43.90% and 40.05% are obtained from the proposed solar cells with and without AlGaAs blocking layer, respectively. The present findings may provide insightful approach for fabricating feasible, cost effective, and efficient dilute nitride solar cell.
A Catalog of Molecular Clumps and Cores with Infall Signatures
Authors: Yu Shuling , Jiang Zhibo , Yang Yang , Chen Zhiwei , Feng Haoran
Published: June 2022

The research of infall motion is a common means to study molecular cloud dynamics and the early process of star formation. Many works had been done in-depth research on infall. We searched the literature related to infall study of molecular cloud since 1994, summarized the infall sources identified by the authors. A total of 456 infall sources are cataloged. We classify them into high-mass and low-mass sources, in which the high-mass sources are divided into three evolutionary stages: prestellar, protostellar and H ii region. We divide the sources into clumps and cores according to their sizes. The H2 column density values range from 1.21 × 1021 to 9.75 × 1024 cm−2, with a median value of 4.17 × 1022 cm−2. The H2 column densities of high-mass and low-mass sources are significantly separated. The median value of infall velocity for high-mass clumps is 1.12 km s−1, and the infall velocities of low-mass cores are virtually all less than 0.5 km s−1. There is no obvious difference between different stages of evolution. The mass infall rates of low-mass cores are between 10−7 and 10−4
M
⊙yr−1, and those of high-mass clumps are between 10−4 and 10−1
M
⊙yr−1 with only one exception. We do not find that the mass infall rates vary with evolutionary stages.
Impact of downward longwave radiative deficits on Antarctic sea-ice extent predictability during the sea ice growth period
Authors: Cerovečki Ivana , Sun Rui , Bromwich David H , Zou Xun , Mazloff Matthew R , Wang Sheng-Hung
Published: June 2022

Forecasting Antarctic atmospheric, oceanic, and sea ice conditions on subseasonal to seasonal scales remains a major challenge. During both the freezing and melting seasons current operational ensemble forecasting systems show a systematic overestimation of the Antarctic sea-ice edge location. The skill of sea ice cover prediction is closely related to the accuracy of cloud representation in models, as the two are strongly coupled by cloud radiative forcing. In particular, surface downward longwave radiation (DLW) deficits appear to be a common shortcoming in atmospheric models over the Southern Ocean. For example, a recent comparison of ECMWF reanalysis 5th generation (ERA5) global reanalysis with the observations from McMurdo Station revealed a year-round deficit in DLW of approximately 50 Wm−2 in marine air masses due to model shortages in supercooled cloud liquid water. A comparison with the surface DLW radiation observations from the Ocean Observatories Initiative mooring in the South Pacific at 54.08° S, 89.67° W, for the time period January 2016–November 2018, confirms approximately 20 Wm−2 deficit in DLW in ERA5 well north of the sea-ice edge. Using a regional ocean model, we show that when DLW is artificially increased by 50 Wm−2 in the simulation driven by ERA5 atmospheric forcing, the predicted sea ice growth agrees much better with the observations. A wide variety of sensitivity tests show that the anomalously large, predicted sea-ice extent is not due to limitations in the ocean model and that by implication the cause resides with the atmospheric forcing.
Plasmonic vortices: a review
Authors: Bai Yihua , Yan Jiadian , Lv Haoran , Yang Yuanjie
Published: June 2022

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), surface electromagnetic waves propagating along metal-dielectric interfaces, have found numerous applications in integrated photonic devices, optical storage, and optical sensing, etc. In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in the fundamental and applications of SPPs carrying orbital angular momentum, namely SPP vortices or plasmonic vortices. In this review, we summarize the fundamental concepts of plasmonic vortices, and highlight recent advances in the generation and applications of plasmonic vortices, from SPPs at lightwave frequencies to spoof SPPs at microwave and Terahertz frequencies.
Comparative study on the sealing performance of packer rubber based on elastic and hyperelastic analyses using various constitutive models
Authors: Dong Xuelin , Duan Zhiyin
Published: June 2022

Evaluation of the sealing performance of the packer rubber varies according to specific simulation models. This paper aims at revealing the difference between elastic and hyperelastic analyses using the finite element mothed (FEM). The study extracts the hyperelastic parameters of the neo-Hookean, the Mooney-Rivlin, and the Yeoh models from a uniaxial tensile test. Then, the setting process of a mechanical packer is simulated by elastic and hyperelastic calculations. We compare the deformed configuration and the contact stress given by these models. Our results show that the Yeoh model produces the minimum residual sum of squares (RSS) among the hyperelastic models for hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR). The mooney-Rivlin model has a negative parameter, making the calculation unstable. The linear elastic model fails to simulate the setting process, while the neo-Hookean model overestimates the contact stress. Despite the similar stress distribution, the nonlinear elastic model provides a 17.8% higher contact stress on average than the Yeoh model. A parametric study based on the Yeoh model points out that the sub-thickness of the packer rubber needs an elaborate design. Reducing the sub-thickness could increase the contact stress but decrease the seal length in the force control mode. From an engineering perspective, this study demonstrates that it needs to pay more attention when selecting an appropriate material model and a sound analysis method to evaluate the sealing performance of an oil packer.
Climate change: the missing discourse in the Indian Parliament
Authors: Mundoli Seema , Jacob Zubin , Murali Ranjini , Nagendra Harini
Published: June 2022

Parliamentary questions (PQs) are a crucial oversight tool available to parliamentarians in all democracies. In a well-functioning democracy, parliamentary oversight can play an important role in climate change policy, ensuring that climate concerns are represented in national agendas. India is the largest democracy in the world and one of the countries most vulnerable to climate change. Over a 20 year period, from 1999 to 2019, we examine whether parliamentarians used PQs to address climate change issues in India. We asked four questions (a) How often are PQs raised about climate change? (b) Are vulnerable constituency interests being represented in the Parliament? (c) What kinds of questions do parliamentarians ask? and (d) Where do parliamentarians get their information on climate change from? 895 unique PQs related to climate change were raised by 1019 Ministers, forming only a fraction (∼0.3%) of the total PQs asked in parliament during this period, however the number of PQs related to climate change increased over time. PQs were not raised by the states most vulnerable to climate change, nor did they represent the concerns of socially vulnerable groups. The PQs were mostly concerned about the impacts (27.6%) and mitigation (23.4%) of climate change. Impacts on agriculture (38.3%), coastal changes (28.6%), and health (13.4%) were of main interest, along with mitigation issues related to energy (43.6%), agriculture (21.8%), and aviation (9.1%). Despite the significant and growing vulnerability of India to climate change, PQs related to climate change were largely missing. Although they have increased over time, we still find there is substantial room for growth, especially in critical areas of climate justice and adaptation relevant to the Indian context. Raising the level of parliamentary debate on climate change is critical and needs to be foregrounded.
Outside in: the relationship between indoor and outdoor particulate air quality during wildfire smoke events in western US cities
Authors: O’Dell Katelyn , Ford Bonne , Burkhardt Jesse , Magzamen Sheryl , Anenberg Susan C , Bayham Jude , Fischer Emily V , Pierce Jeffrey R
Published: June 2022

Previous research on the health and air quality impacts of wildfire smoke has largely focused on the impact of smoke on outdoor air quality; however, many people spend a majority of their time indoors. The quality of indoor air on smoke-impacted days is largely unknown. In this analysis, we use publicly available data from an existing large network of low-cost indoor and outdoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) monitors to quantify the relationship between indoor and outdoor particulate air quality on smoke-impacted days in 2020 across the western United States (US). We also investigate possible regional and socioeconomic trends in this relationship for regions surrounding six major cities in the western US. We find indoor PM2.5 concentrations are 82% or 4.2 µg m−3 (median across all western US indoor monitors for the year 2020; interquartile range, IQR: 2.0–7.2 µg m−3) higher on smoke-impacted days compared to smoke-free days. Indoor/outdoor PM2.5 ratios show variability by region, particularly on smoke-free days. However, we find the ratio of indoor/outdoor PM2.5 is less than 1 (i.e. indoor concentrations lower than outdoor) at nearly all indoor-outdoor monitor pairs on smoke-impacted days. Although typically lower than outdoor concentrations on smoke-impacted days, we find that on heavily smoke-impacted days (outdoor PM2.5 > 55 µg m−3), indoor PM2.5 concentrations can exceed the 35 µg m−3 24 h outdoor standard set by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Further, total daily-mean indoor PM2.5 concentrations increase by 2.1 µg m−3 with every 10 µg m−3 increase in daily-mean outdoor PM2.5. (median of statistically significant linear regression slopes across all western US monitor pairs; IQR: 1.0–4.3 µg m−3) on smoke-impacted days. These results show that for indoor environments in the western US included in our analysis, remaining indoors during smoke events is currently an effective, but limited, strategy to reduce PM2.5 exposure.
Frobenius structures on hypergeometric equations
Authors: Kedlaya Kiran
Published: June 2022

We give an exposition of Dwork’s construction of Frobenius structures associated to generalized hypergeometric equations via the interpretation of the latter due to Gelfand–Kapranov–Zelevinsky in the language ofAA-hypergeometric systems. As a consequence, we extract some explicit formulas for the degeneration at00in terms of the Moritapp-adic gamma function.
Diffuse invariant random subgroups
Authors: Thomas Simon
Published: June 2022

There exist countable groups

G
G

with ergodic invariant random subgroups

ν
\nu

such that

ν
(

{

H
∈

S
u
b

G

∣
H
≅
K

}

)
=
0

\nu (\, \{\, H \in \mathrm {Sub}_{G} \mid H \cong K \,\}\,) = 0

for every subgroup

K
⩽
G

K \leqslant G

.
Continuous nowhere Hölder functions on ℤ_{𝕡}
Authors: Araújo G. , Bernal-González L. , Fernández-Sánchez J. , Seoane–Sepúlveda J.
Published: June 2022

K. Weierstrass (1872) was probably the first to present the existence of continuous nowhere differentiable functions (although B. Bolzano, in 1822, was the first to come up with such a construction). Almost a century later, V. Gurariĭ [Dokl. Akad. SSSR 167 (1966), pp. 971–973] observed that the family of continuous functions on

[
0
,
1
]

[0,1]

that are differentiable at no point contains, except for the null function, an infinite dimensional vector space. Moreover, and among other recent contributions in this direction, S. Hencl [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 128 (2000), p. 3505–3511] generalized the previously mentioned result by proving the existence of isometrical embeddings of separable Banach spaces into the set of nowhere approximatively differentiable and nowhere Hölder functions. Here, we continue this ongoing research with the study of continuous nowhere Hölder functions, no longer defined in subsets of

R

\mathbb {R}

, but in subsets of the

p
p

-adic field

Q

p

\mathbb {Q}_p

.
Exotic t-structures for two-block Springer fibres
Authors: Anno Rina , Nandakumar Vinoth
Published: June 2022

We study the category of representations of

s
l

m
+
2
n

\mathfrak {sl}_{m+2n}

in positive characteristic, with

p
p

-character given by a nilpotent with Jordan type

(
m
+
n
,
n
)

(m+n,n)

. Recent work of Bezrukavnikov-Mirkovic [Ann. of Math. (2) 178 (2013), pp. 835–919] implies that this representation category is equivalent to

D

m
,
n

0

\mathcal {D}_{m,n}^0

, the heart of the exotic t-structure on the derived category of coherent sheaves on a Springer fibre for that nilpotent. Using work of Cautis and Kamnitzer [Duke Math. J. 142 (2008), pp. 511–588], we construct functors indexed by affine tangles, between these categories

D

m
,
n

\mathcal {D}_{m,n}

(i.e. for different values of

n
n

). This allows us to describe the irreducible objects in

D

m
,
n

0

\mathcal {D}_{m,n}^0

and enumerate them by crossingless

(
m
,
m
+
2
n
)

(m,m+2n)

matchings. We compute the

E
x
t

\mathrm {Ext}

spaces between the irreducible objects, and conjecture that the resulting Ext algebra is an annular variant of Khovanov’s arc algebra. In subsequent work, we use these results to give combinatorial dimension formulae for the irreducible representations. These results may be viewed as a positive characteristic analogue of results about two-block parabolic category

O

\mathcal {O}

due to Lascoux-Schutzenberger [Astérisque, vol. 87, Soc. Math. France, Paris, 1981, pp. 249–266], Bernstein-Frenkel-Khovanov [Selecta Math. (N.S.) 5 (1999), pp. 199–241], Brundan-Stroppel [Represent. Theory 15 (2011), pp. 170–243], et al.
RAPPPID: towards generalizable protein interaction prediction with AWD-LSTM twin networks
Authors: Szymborski Joseph , Emad Amin
Published: June 2022

Motivation

Computational methods for the prediction of protein–protein interactions (PPIs), while important tools for researchers, are plagued by challenges in generalizing to unseen proteins. Datasets used for modelling protein–protein predictions are particularly predisposed to information leakage and sampling biases.

Results

In this study, we introduce RAPPPID, a method for the Regularized Automatic Prediction of Protein–Protein Interactions using Deep Learning. RAPPPID is a twin Averaged Weight-Dropped Long Short-Term memory network which employs multiple regularization methods during training time to learn generalized weights. Testing on stringent interaction datasets composed of proteins not seen during training, RAPPPID outperforms state-of-the-art methods. Further experiments show that RAPPPID’s performance holds regardless of the particular proteins in the testing set and its performance is higher for experimentally supported edges. This study serves to demonstrate that appropriate regularization is an important component of overcoming the challenges of creating models for PPI prediction that generalize to unseen proteins. Additionally, as part of this study, we provide datasets corresponding to several data splits of various strictness, in order to facilitate assessment of PPI reconstruction methods by others in the future.

Availability and implementation

Code and datasets are freely available at https://github.com/jszym/rapppid and Zenodo.org.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
O-061 Polymorphisms in FSH and it’s receptor
Authors: Santi D
Published: June 2022

Gonadotropins and their receptors’ genes carry several single-nucleotide polymorphisms resulting in endocrine genotypes modulating reproductive parameters, diseases, and lifespan leading to important implications for reproductive success and potential relevance during human evolution. Here we illustrate common genotypes of the gonadotropins and gonadotropin receptors’ genes and their clinical implications in phenotypes relevant for reproduction such as ovarian cycle length, age of menopause, testosterone levels, polycysticovary syndrome, and cancer. We then discuss their possible role in human reproduction and adaptation to the environment. Gonadotropins and their receptors’ variants are differently distributed among human populations. Some hints suggest that they may be the result of natural selection that occurred in ancient times, increasing the individual chance of successful mating, pregnancy, andeffective post-natal parental cares. The gender-related differences in the regulation of the reproductive endocrine systems imply that many of these genotypes may lead to sex-dependent effects, increasing the chance of mating and reproductive success in one sex at the expenses of the other sex. Also, we suggest that sexual conflicts within the FSH and LH–choriogonadotropin receptor genes contributed to maintain genotypes linked to subfertility among humans. Because the distribution of polymorphic markers results in a defined geographical pattern due to human migrations rather than natural selection, these polymorphisms may have had only a weak impact on reproductive success. On the contrary, such genotypes could acquire relevant consequences in the modern, developed societies in which parenthood attempts often occur at a later age, during a short, suboptimal reproductive window, making clinical fertility treatments necessary