bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PENDAPATAN ORANG TUA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENDIDIKAN ANAK DI DESA KEMIRI KECAMATAN PAGUAT KABUPATEN POHUWATO
Authors: Napulo Cindriyanti , Moonti Usman , Panigoro Meyko
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendapatan orang tua terhadap peningkatan pendidikan anak di Desa Kemiri Kecamatan Paguat Kabupaten Pohuwato. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian eksplanatori. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner dengan populasi di Desa Kemiri yang berjumlah 68 anak yang tidak melanjutkan pendidikan sampai keperguruan tinggi. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan sampling total yakni semua anggota populasi digunakan sebagai sampel. Alat uji analisis yang digunakan dalam menguji penelitian ini yaitu uji instrument, uji asumsi klasik, pengujian hipotesis, dan uji regresi linear sederhana. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini uji t (parsial) menunjukkan bahwa variabel X (pendapatan orang tua) berpengaruh terhadap variabel Y (peningkatan pendidikan anak) ditujukkan dengan nilai thitung 2,593 > ttabel 1,99547. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Fhitung > Ftabel (6,722 > 3,13) dengan taraf signifikan 0,05. Artinya pendapatan orang tua secara simultan mempengaruhi peningkatan pendidikan anak di Desa Kemiri Kecamatan Paguat Kabupaten Pohuwato. Berdasarkan perhitungan koefisien determinasi (R2) menunjukkan R square sebesar 92% dapat disimpulkan bahwa pendapatan orang tua secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan pendidikan anak di Desa Kemiri Kecamatan Paguat kabupaten Pohuwato, sedangkan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak dijelaskan dalam penelitian ini.
PERSEPSI MINAT BELAJAR MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI UNIVERSITAS SULTAN AGENG TIRTAYASA TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN DARING DENGAN ICE BREAKING
Authors: Usman Usman , Lestari Iing Dwi , Sinurat Brebeuf Pander Calvin , Pratiwi Febi Indah , Oktavia Ika , Az Zahra Intan , Munawaroh Siti , Herawati Teti
Published: July 2022

Kejenuhan mahasiswa kerap terjadi dan menjadi hal yang biasa dalam berlangsungnya proses pembelajaran. Hal ini dianggap wajar bagi mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran. Salah satu solusinya adalah dengan dosen mempelajari bagaimana mengubah rasa jenuh tersebut dengan kegiatan Ice Breaking. Penggunaan Ice Breaking untuk mengetahui implementasi, manfaat untuk menumbuhkan rasa minat belajar mahasiswa yang akan menjadi tujuan penelitian. Model penelitian yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu kualitatifdimana data yang akan dikumpulkan melalui analisis, dengan hasil yang menunjukan bahwa : (1) Dengan adanya Ice Breaking dapat menarik dan menumbuhkan rasa minat belajar mahasiswa, meningkatkan motivasi belajar, memudahkan menyerap hasil belajar, serta komunikasi sesame teman dapat terjaga. (2) Ice breaking ini dapat diterapkan pada semua mata kuliah. (3)penerapan Ice Breaking ini bermanfaat untuk menghilangkan rasa jenuh, kebosanan, serta rasa ngantuk selama pembelajaran berlangsung.
DAMPAK KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL TERHADAP MANAJEMEN KURIKULUM DI SMA BINA INSAN MANDIRI BARON NGANJUK
Authors: Santoso Wijaya Kurnia
Published: July 2022

Kepala sekolah merupakan pemimpin pada satuan pendidikan. Keberhasilan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah disandarkan kepada salah satu teori atau model kepemimpinan. Salah satu model kepemimpinan adalah kepemimpinan transformasional. Kepemimpinan transformasional adalah kepemimpinan mampu mengubah energi sumber daya, baik manusia, instrumen, maupun situasi untuk mencapai tujuan. Kepemimpinan transformasional memiliki sifat-sifat: kharismatik, kekuatan membangkitkan inspirasi, kemahiran merangsang intelektual para bawahan secara aktif, bersifat tenggang rasa secara individu. Kepemimpinan transformasional memiliki ciri-ciri: memiliki visi, indviidualized consideration, inspirational motivation, intelektual simulation. Penerapan gaya kepemimpinan transfomasional Kepala sekolah terlihat pada: kemampuan merumuskan visi, misi, dan program sekolah, menjadi agen perubahan, memiliki kharisma, memiliki empatik, merangsang intelektualitas dan menumbuhkan kreativitas, memberi kesempatan kepada semua unsur di sekolah. Penerapan kepemimpinan transformasional kepala sekolah membawa pengaruh kepada menyelenggarakan proses pembelajaran yang secara profesional. Termasuk penerapan kurikulum di SMA Bina Insan Mandiri yang membutuhkan ke khasan sesuai dengan ciri khas sekolah. Sehingga membawa SMA Bina Insan Mandiri menjadi Top 1000 sekolah dengan nilai UTBK terbaik dari 21.302 sekolah tingkat SMA/SMK/MA dan sederajat di tahun 2020.
MULHER MASTECTOMIZADA: VOLTADA PARA OS CUIDADOS DOS PROFISSIONAIS DA ENFERMAGEM
Authors: FALCÃO LINO ELIZABETH
Published: July 2022

O câncer de mama é uma neoplasia maligna e é a maior causa de mortalidade anual de mulheres no Brasil e ao redor do mundo. Devido à sua importância socioeconômica, é necessário identificar fatores ligados à doença, como a maneira a qual as pacientes reagem durante o processo da descoberta do câncer de mama e após a mastectomia e compreender de qual maneira os profissionais de enfermagem são capazes de desenvolver estratégias que possam contribuir para a melhoria na autoestima destas mulheres. Sendo assim, este trabalho se propôs a descrever a assistência de enfermagem em mulheres com câncer de mama antes, durante e após a detecção do câncer de mama e mastectomia. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com a finalidade de reunir e sintetizar resultados de fontes secundárias sobre o tema. As buscas foram desenvolvidas nas bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO). Foram encontrados 19 estudos que se adequavam aos parâmetros buscados e os mesmos foram incluídos na avaliação. Foi possível perceber cinco (5) Unidades Temáticas abordadas nos estudos encontrados: 1 - O impacto do enfrentamento do diagnóstico do câncer de mama e alterações físicas e emocionais; 2 - Apoio profissional e familiar; 3 - Sexualidade/Autoestima; 4 - Negação/espiritualidade; 5 - O medo e descrédito de não se reconhecer no espelho. Através destes resultados, foi possível compreender que durante a descoberta do câncer de mama, a mulher sofre o impacto do diagnóstico, da mastectomia, quimioterapia e da radioterapia. É relatada a observação de sentimentos e incertezas devido aos desconfortos e efeitos colaterais oriundos do tratamento. A mastectomia interfere no estado físico, social e emocional da mulher e, por resultar na mutilação de uma parte do corpo que desperta libido e desejo sexual, estas mulheres apresentam o mecanismo de defesa: negação. Para muitas pacientes, a família e a espiritualidade são os principais sustentáculos para enfrentar as adversidades do câncer de mamam, servindo como uma importante fonte de apoio. A sensação de medo é associada ao câncer por ser uma doença letal e marginalizada. Por fim, foi possível compreender que a metade dos artigos versaram sobre a relevância da assistência da enfermagem às mulheres portadoras de câncer de mama, de forma efetiva. A assistência empática e humanizada com escuta ativa, desenvolvida por profissionais que demonstram interesse em ouvir os sentimentos negativos de preocupação, medo, negação e tristeza gera confiança. Além disso, os enfermeiros transmitem informações precisas quanto à doença, tratamento e cirurgia quando necessário. Operacionalizando a assistência de enfermagem, o profissional vem utilizando a Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem (SAE). Sendo assim, uma assistência mais humanizada para estas pacientes age não somente na saúde corporal, como é capaz de ajudar a combater possíveis medos e inseguranças causados pela doença, sendo de vital importância.
COMPARING NEURAL NETWORK AUTOREGRESSIVE METHOD FOR IMPORT DUTY REVENUE FORECASTING
Authors: Hartono Yuafanda Kholfi
Published: July 2022

Neural Network is one of the interesting methods in data analytics used to forecast time-series data in the previous years. In one of the initiative strategies, the Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DGCE) compares this method with Holt-Winters exponential smoothing to get more accurate forecasting of import duty revenue. This paper compares Holt-Winters and Neural Network(NN) to get better forecasting for import duty revenue using data from Customs and Excise Information System Automation (CEISA) billing system. As a result, NN gives a better result with a lower Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). Therefore, neural networks should be used to forecast and monitor the realization of import duty revenue so DGCE can identify the change in economic indicators that can affect import duty revenue earlier and produce the right policy to respond to it.
Temperature Dependent Resistors in AC Networks
Authors: Gambirasio Giorgio , Consonni Denise
Published: July 2022

In a previous work, temperature dependent electrical resistors (TDRs) have been defined and modelled as resistors whose resistance linearly depends on temperature. Their behavior was also studied when a network containing TDRs is supplied by a DC voltage source. Such a network results nonlinear.When the network is supplied by one or more AC sources, these resistors behave in a different and more complicated way than with DC sources. A thorough study of the AC case is the object of the present work. As a result, plots of temperatures and resistances are shown in transient and steady state performance to illustrate the effects of TDRs on AC networks.
What proportion of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage patients walk out of the hospital post-intervention?: Protocol for systematic review & meta-analysis
Authors: Haider Bangash Ali
Published: July 2022

The proportion of subarachnoid haemorrhage patients among those who survive that achieve such a fine prognosis that they are able to be discharged without any major complications shall be explored.
Developing an intuition for collider restriction bias
Authors: Chubak Jessica
Published: July 2022

Collider restriction bias can occur when analyses are restricted to participants on the basis of a common effect of the exposure and the outcome (a “collider”). The purpose of this article is to illustrate this important bias in epidemiologic studies using an intuitive example: selection of ice cream bars. I assume that ice bars are either chocolate or vanilla and come with or without nuts. Even though no true causal relationship exists, ice cream flavor and nut topping may be associated in my shopping cart based on how I select bars. Assuming I prefer chocolate ice cream and nuts, I describe three scenarios: one in which chocolate ice cream and nuts are positively associated in my cart, one in which they are inversely associated, and one in which there is no association. These examples illustrate subtleties in how collider restriction bias can arise.
MUSIK POPULAR DAN PENGGUBAHAN MUSIK: DESKRIPSI SINGKAT DAN PENERAPANNYA
Authors: Iswanto
Published: July 2022

Musik popular adalah istilah yang muncul pada abad ke-18 di Eropa dan abad ke-19 di Amerika. Istilah ini bukan hanya mewakili sebuah genre musik tetapi sebuah gerakan perubahan seni musik yang dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti: 1) Perkembangan teknologi ditandai dengan revolusi industry di Eropa; 2) Berakhirnya perang dunia I; 3) word beat yang terus menyebar ke seluruh penjuru dunia; 4) idiom musi baru yang pada intinya berkembang dari berbagai alirang musik untuk berusaha keluar dari harmoni konvensional menuju ke harmoni yang lebih “kontemporer”. Idiom musik yang dimaksud tentunya bukan semata-mata idiom yang baru tetapi juga diolah kembali dari idiom musik sebelumnya. Perkembangan jaman musik tersebut diprakarsai oleh pergerakan musik impresionis dan impresionis tinggi dan juga musik-musik yang berkembang di Amerika dalam world view sebagai “benua harapan". Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan idiom musik popular dan penerapannya dalam penggubahan musik.
White Paper: Satellite Placement Optimization Using Quantum Computing
Authors: A Buvan Prajwal , Bach Bao , Patel Amit , Lalwani Jitesh
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this white paper is to discuss the problems associated with satellite placement, including space debris. The paper explains why Satellite Placement Optimization is an NP-Hard problem and how Quantum Computing can be used to solve it.
Differential expression of zinc finger protein 618 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: July 2022

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with early-onset breast cancer. We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding zinc finger protein 618, ZNF618, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast: in women aged 45 and younger, and women aged 70 and higher. ZNF618 was also differentially expressed in the brain metastases of patients with brain metastatic breast cancer. ZNF618 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of ZNF618 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with luminal B and HER2+ subtype breast cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by PAM50 molecular subtype. ZNF618 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Intercomparison of deep learning architectures for the prediction of precipitation fields
Authors: Otero Noelia , Horton Pascal
Published: July 2022

In recent years, the use of deep learning methods has rapidly increased in many research fields. Similarly, they have become a powerful tool within the climate scientific community. Deep learning methods have been successfully applied for different tasks, such as identification of atmospheric patterns, weather extreme classification, or weather forecasting. However, due to the inherent complexity of the atmospheric processes, the ability of deep learning models to simulate natural processes, such as precipitation, is still challenging. Therefore, a thorough evaluation of their performance and robustness in predicting precipitation fields is still needed, especially for extreme precipitation events, which can be devastating in terms of infrastructure damage, economic losses, and even loss of life. In this study, we present a comprehensive evaluation of a set of deep learning architectures to realistically simulate precipitation, including heavy precipitation events (>95th percentile) and extreme events (>99th percentile) over the European domain. Moreover, we examine the optimal number of inputs based on the importance of the predictors derived from a layer-wise relevance propagation procedure. Among the architectures analyzed here, the U-Net network was found to be superior and outperformed the other networks to simulate precipitation events. Moreover, we found that a simplified version of the original U-Net with a single encoder-decoder level achieves similar skill scores as deeper versions for predicting precipitation extremes, significantly reducing overall complexity and computing resources.
Elective Home Education and Children with Neurodevelopmental Conditions
Authors: Paulauskaite Laura , Timmerman Amanda , Kouroupa Athanasia , Allard Amanda , Gray Kylie , Hastings Richard , Heyne David , Melvin Glenn A , Tonge Bruce , Totsika Vasiliki
Published: July 2022

The preprint describes analyses that describe the experience of Elective Home Education in families of children with a neurodevelopmental condition in the UK
Causal implicatures from correlational statements
Authors: Gershman Samuel J. , Ullman Tomer David
Published: July 2022

Correlation does not imply causation, but this does not necessarily stop people from drawing causal inferences from correlational statements. We show that people do in fact infer causality from statements of association, under minimal conditions. In Study 1, participants interpreted statements of the form “X is associated with Y” to imply that Y causes X. In Studies 2 and 3, participants interpreted statements of the form “X is associated with an increased risk of Y” to imply that X causes Y. Thus, even the most orthodox correlational language can give rise to causal inferences.
LightNet: a networking library to perform multi-participant experiments in Virtual Reality
Authors: Walter Jasmin L. , Zerbe Josefine Aimée , Schmidt Vincent , Tiemann Linus , Mildt Marten , Pätzold Florian , Nezami Farbod Nosrat , König Peter , Czeszumski Artur
Published: July 2022

Multi-participant experiments in virtual reality (VR) could provide a new way to investigate real-time interactions in a controlled and ecologically valid environment. However, to create the impression of a shared world between participants, all non-static elements of the environment need to be networked. Currently available networking solutions contain complex automated functionalities and were developed for the demands of multiplayer video games. However, the required level of expertise to tweak such automated functionality is difficult to acquire during the short time frame of an experimental project's implementation phase. As the focus of multi-participant experiments lies on the control of experimental variables and data quality, we propose a new light-weight networking solution called LightNet, specifically designed for the needs of implementations of multi-participant experiments.LightNet is an open-source networking library. It provides a transparent software architecture, multiple customization options, and precise networking of variables to ensure control over experimental variables and data quality. In this article, we present a "how-to" section in which we explain the necessary steps to include networking functionalities using LightNet. We conclude this section with a list of additional recommendations for any LightNet implementation. Furthermore, we describe the networking logic and properties of a more complex example experiment, incorporating shared gaze.Overall, we believe that the provided networking solution facilitates the implementation of multi-participant experiments to enable a comprehensible access to investigating social interactions in VR, even without expert-level expertise in the field of networking.
Does intergroup contact foster solidarity with the disadvantaged? A longitudinal analysis across seven years
Authors: Sengupta Nikhil Kumar , Reimer Nils Karl , Sibley Chris G , Barlow Fiona
Published: July 2022

Contact theory is a well-established paradigm for improving intergroup relations – positive contact between groups promotes social harmony by increasing intergroup warmth. A longstanding critique of this paradigm is that contact does not necessarily promote social equality. Recent research has blunted this critique by showing that contact correlates positively with political solidarity expressed by dominant groups towards subordinate groups, thus furthering the goal of equality. However, this research precludes causal inferences because it conflates within-person change (people with higher contact subsequently expressing higher solidarity) and between-person stability (people with chronically high contact simultaneously expressing chronically high solidarity, and vice versa). We addressed this problem in a highly powered, seven-wave study using two different measures of contact and three different measures of political solidarity (N = 22,646). Results showed no within-person change over a one-year period (inconsistent with a causal effect), but significant between-person stability (consistent with third-variable explanations). This reinforces doubts about contact as strategy for promoting equality.
Methodological and Statistical Practices of using Symptom Networks to Evaluate Mental Health Interventions: A Systematic Review
Authors: Schumacher Lea , Burger Julian , Echterhoff Jette , Kriston Levente
Published: July 2022

Background: The network approach to psychopathology, which assesses associations between individual symptoms, has recently been applied to evaluate treatments for mental disorders. While various options for conducting a network analysis in intervention research exist, no structured guidelines have been established yet. To gain an overview and evaluate the potential of different analytic options, we conducted a systematic review on these studies. Methods: We systematically searched the literature with combining terms on network analysis, mental health problems, and intervention studies. Studies were included if they constructed a symptom network, analysed data that was collected before, during or after a treatment for mental disorders, and yielded information about the treatment effect. Information on sample characteristics, the intervention, the research design, the estimated networks, the statistical analyses, and open science practices were extracted. Results: Across the 56 included studies, network analyses varied widely. About half of the studies estimated cross-sectional networks without a treatment node, e.g., for different treatment groups separately or for a single group before, and after treatment. About 20% of the studies analysed cross-sectional networks including a treatment node and a third of the studies estimated longitudinal networks. Studies differed on how networks were estimated, which network parameters were calculated, and which statistical tests were applied. Conclusion: This review highlighted that many different analytic options exist when applying the network approach to intervention research. As the potential of the network approach depends on the applied methodologies, the analytic choices need to be further investigated and structured guidelines need to be developed.
Resetting Dysfunctional Education Ecologies: Dealing with Marginalization in the Classroom
Authors: Klement Kathryn , Fish Jillian , Cronin Sarah
Published: July 2022

Securing a tenure-track position is a daunting prospect, with disappearing budget lines, exhausting application and interview procedures, and hidden pitfalls. For the lucky scholars who receive an offer, life can seem suddenly easier. However, there are still obstacles to face, particularly if you’re a feminist and/or womanist faculty who belongs to one or more historically marginalized groups. For those of us who are People of Color, Indigenous, 2SLGBTQ+, disabled, and/or first-generation or low-income, doing the job of teaching presents unique challenges. Thus, we’re here to discuss the challenges facing untenured feminist and womanist faculty inside and outside of the classroom. While we recognize and embrace feminist allies who only belong to dominant social groups, in this chapter, we focus on those issues encountered by feminist and womanist faculty who have at least one marginalized identity. We discuss challenges we face both inside the classroom and outside it. We detail how oppressive structures are reproduced in the classroom to affect marginalized faculty and students, particularly what Annamma and Morrison (2018) termed “dysfunctional education ecologies” (p. 70). Throughout, we give examples of how we’ve encountered obstacles and ways that we’ve resisted them.
Cognitive-behavioral Case Formulation
Authors: Persons Jacqueline
Published: July 2022

This chapter begins with a description of the hypothesis-testing approach to clinical work of which the case formulation is a part. We discuss the role of the case formulation in treatment and review evidence that the formulation contributes to the effectiveness of treatment. We also describe the elements of the cognitive-behavioral (CB) case formulation and present a case to illustrate the process of developing a formulation and using it to guide treatment.
Nuanced HEXACO: A Meta-Analysis of HEXACO Cross-Rater Agreement, Heritability, and Rank-Order Stability
Authors: Henry Sam , Baker Will , Bratko Denis , Jern Patrick , Kandler Christian , Tybur Joshua M. , de Vries Reinout E. , Wesseldijk Laura , Zapko-Willmes Alexandra , Booth Tom , Mõttus René
Published: July 2022

Most Five-Factor Model questionnaire items contain unique variance that is partly heritable, stable, and consensually observable, demonstrates consistent associations with age and sex, and predicts life outcomes beyond higher-order factors. Extending these findings to the HEXACO model, we meta-analyzed single-item cross-rater agreement, heritability, and two-year stability using samples from six countries. We analyzed raw item scores and their residual variance and adjusted the estimates for measurement unreliability. Median cross-rater agreement, heritability, and stability estimates were, respectively, .30, .30, and .57 for raw items and .10, .16, and .39 for item residuals. Adjusted for reliability, the respective medians were .46 and .25 for cross-rater agreement, .46 and .39 for heritability, and .87 and .94 for stability. These results are strikingly consistent with FFM-based findings, providing non-dismissible evidence that single items index a partly unique level of the trait hierarchy – personality nuances –with trait properties comparable to those of higher-order traits.
Upscaling Reputation Communication Simulations
Authors: Kainz Viktoria , Boehm Celine , Utz Sonja , Enßlin Torsten
Published: July 2022

Social communication is omnipresent and a fundamental basis of our daily lives. Especially, due to the increasing popularity of social media, communication flows are becoming more complex, faster and more influential. It is therefore not surprising that in these highly dynamic communication structures, strategies are also developed to spread certain opinions, to deliberately steer discussions or to inject misinformation. The reputation game is an agent-based simulation that uses information theoretical principles to model the effect of such malicious behavior taking reputation dynamics as an example. So far, only small groups of 3 to 5 agents have been studied whereas now we extend the reputation game to larger groups of up to 50 agents also including one-to-many conversations. In this setup, the resulting group dynamics are examined, with particular emphasis on the emerging network topology and the influence of agents' personal characteristics thereon. In the long term the reputation game should thus help to determine relations between the arising communication network structure, the used communication strategies and the recipients' behavior, allowing to identify potentially harmful communication patterns, e.g. in social media.
Dysfunctional Attitudes Are Mood-State Dependent
Authors: Persons Jacqueline
Published: July 2022

To test the hypothesis that self-report of dysfunctional attitudes is mood-state dependent, dysfunctional attitudes were assessed in 43 women before and after they received a depressed or elated mood induction. As predicted, the mood induction produced reliable changes in mood and in dysfunctional attitudes, although the increase in dysfunctional attitudes following the negative mood induction was not large enough to be statistically significant. We also tested the hypothesis, from the cognitive theory of depression, that subjects with previous episodes of depression would report more dysfunctional attitudes than would subjects without such a history. As predicted, subjects who reported previous episodes of depression endorsed more dysfunctional attitudes than did subjects who did not report such a history. However, this effect occurred only for subjects who were in a negative mood state when their dysfunctional attitudes were assessed. These findings support the proposition of the cognitive theory that dysfunctional attitudes are traits but suggest that these traits are mood-state dependent.
Riding the elephant in the room: Towards a revival of the optimal level of stimulation model
Authors: de Aldecoa Paula Ibáñez , Burdett Emily , Gustafsson Erik Mauro Bruno
Published: July 2022

Phenomena such as engagement, attention and curiosity rely heavily on the “optimal-level of stimulation (or arousal)” model, which suggests they are driven by stimuli being neither too simple nor too complex. Two points often overlooked in psychology are that each stimulus is simultaneously processed with its context, and that a stimulus complexity is relative to an individual’s cognitive resources to process it. According to the “optimal-level of stimulation” model, while familiar contexts may decrease the overall stimulation and favour exploration of novelty, a novel context may increase the overall stimulation and favor preference for familiarity. In order to stay closer to their optimum when stimulation is getting too high or too low, individuals can explore other stimuli, adopt a different processing style or be creative. The need and the ability to adopt such strategies will depend upon the cognitive resources available, which can be affected by contextual stimulation and by other factors such as age, mood or arousability. Drawing on empirical research in cognitive and developmental psychology, we provide here an updated “optimal-level of stimulation” model, which is holistic and coherent with previous literature. Once taken into account the role of contextual stimulation as well as the diverse factors influencing internal cognitive resources, such model fits with and enriches other existing theories related to exploratory behaviours. By doing so, it provides a useful framework to investigate proximate explanations underlying learning and cognitive development, and to develop future interventions related, for example, to eating, and learning disorders.
Technical Analysis of Grid Connected 1 kWP Rooftop Solar PV for Residential Consumer at Urban Areas of Lalitpur, Nepal
Authors: Gautam Rupesh , Darlami Hari Bahadur
Published: July 2022

Integration of rooftop solar PV by a residential consumer to the grid is beneficial to both consumer and grid if integrated optimally. The minimization of power loss by improving the voltage profile on the grid side and reducing the electricity bill by improving energy deficiency faced by the residential consumer is the benefit of the integrated PV system. The preparation of this paper is based on the study of grid impact analysis and performance analysis of solar among the urban areas of Lalitpur. First, the grid impact and optimum size calculation are performed in IEEE-33 and IEEE-15 bus test system, and Pulchowk feeder is taken for the study of real scenario. Improvement of voltage profile, loss reduction, and the number of houses feasible for injecting PV generation has been demonstrated graphically. The power loss is found to be reduced by 62.5% after injecting solar PV into the grid. PVsyst has been used for the performance analysis of the PV array and the performance ratios are within limits with a capacity factor of 0.177 and performance ratio of 0.74 and system yield factor of 4.24 kWh/kWp/day. From all the results and performance analysis, it can be concluded that integration of 1 kWp rooftop solar is technically feasible if the optimum number of houses are allowed to inject PV array power at the optimum location.
Psychological Burden among Caregivers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder at Special Schools
Authors: Kamati Arpana , Shah Lata Kusum , B.E. Teena Kanikara
Published: July 2022

INTRODUCTION: The alarming increase in the prevalence of autism has cause not only an increase in the number of cases of autism but also increased need for better awareness and understanding of the condition and its management for them who are in direct daily contact with someone with autism. The support for caregivers of autism spectrum disorder children is highly needed to minimize their experienced burden. The objective of this study was to assess the psychological burden among caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Quantitative non-experimental descriptive research design was adopted for the study. The data was collected from 70 samples with the Modified Zariet Burden Interview Scale. Collection of data was entered into Ms-excel and was analyzed and interpreted using SPSS Software.
RESULTS: The present study revealed that majority (56%) sample has mild to moderate burden, (24%) has little or no burden, (19%) has moderate to severe burden and the least (1%) has severe burden. The demographic variables such as educational level, monthly income, training received regarding care of the child were directly associated with psychological burden of the caregivers.
CONCLUSIONS: The study concluded that assessing the burden level of caregiver can help them to reduce their burden through proper counselling.
Large-x power laws of parton distributions remain inconclusive
Authors: Courtoy Aurore , Nadolsky Pavel M.
Published: July 2022

Focusing on hadron scattering at large partonic momentum fractions x, we compare nonperturbative QCD predictions for the asymptotic behavior of DIS structure functions and parton distribution functions (PDFs) to the x and Q dependence of phenomenological PDFs. In the CT18 NNLO global QCD analysis, higher-order radiative contributions and functional mimicry of PDF parametrizations result in about one unit of uncertainty in the effective powers of (1 − x) falloff of nucleon PDFs. Similar uncertainties are present in the case of the pion PDF, an object of growing interest in phenomenology.
Intraoperative Hypotension: Key Points in Prevention and Treatment
Authors: Değirmenci Hüsnü
Published: July 2022

Hypotension, like other blood pressure disorders, might compromise intraoperative patient stability, necessitating prompt diagnosis and treatment. Intraoperative hypotension (defined as a systolic blood pressure [BP] of less than 90 mmHg) is linked to a higher risk of death and/or myocardial infarction, and the longer the hypotension lasts, the greater the risk.
A Rare Case of Giant Cell Tumor of the Extensor Hallucis Longus Tendon
Authors: H M Manisha
Published: July 2022

Giant cell tumor is a benign tumour of the extremities that is more prevalent in the upper limbs and less common in the foot and ankle region. We present a case of a patient with a lobulated lesion on the dorsum of the foot that turned out to be a giant cell tumor of the extensor hallucis longus tendon sheath. The likelihood of treatment success is increased by doing a differential diagnosis of a "synovial cyst" in the foot and ankle, completing sufficient surgical planning, and using imaging tests such as nuclear magnetic resonance. Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath involving the foot and ankle region is a rare clinical entity, and good results can be expected after surgical excision
Vascular risk profiles for predicting outcome and long-term mortality in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: comparison of clinical decision support tools
Authors: Eklund Sanna A. , Israelsson Hanna , Carlberg Bo , Malm Jan
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE

Vascular risk factors (VRFs) may act synergistically, and clinical decision support tools (CDSTs) have been developed that present vascular risk as a summarized score. Because VRFs are a major issue in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH), a CDST may be useful in the diagnostic workup. The objective was to compare 4 CDSTs to determine which one most accurately predicts short-term outcome and 10-year mortality after CSF shunt surgery in INPH patients.

METHODS

One-hundred forty INPH patients who underwent CSF shunt surgery were included. For each patient, 4 CDST scores (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation–Older Persons [SCORE-OP], Framingham Risk Score [FRS], Revised Framingham Stroke Risk Profile, and Kiefer’s Comorbidity Index [KCI]) were estimated. Short-term outcome (3 months after CSF shunt surgery) was defined on the basis of improvements in gait, Mini-Mental State Examination score, and modified Rankin Scale score. The 10-year mortality rate after surgery was noted. The CDSTs were compared by using Cox regression analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and the chi-square test.

RESULTS

For 3 CDSTs, increased score was associated with increased risk of 10-year mortality. A 1-point increase in the FRS indicated a 2% higher risk of death within 10 years (HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.003–1.035, p = 0.021); SCORE-OP, 5% (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.019–1.087, p = 0.002); and KCI, 12% (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03–1.219, p = 0.008). FRS predicted short-term outcome of surgery (p = 0.024). When the cutoff value was set to 32.5%, the positive predictive value was 80% and the negative predictive value was 48% (p = 0.012).

CONCLUSIONS

The authors recommend using FRS to predict short-term outcome and 10-year risk of mortality in INPH patients. The study indicated that extensive treatment of the risk factors of INPH may decrease risk of mortality.

Clinical trial registration no.: NCT01850914 (ClinicalTrials.gov)
Recruitment of women in neurosurgery: a 7-year quantitative analysis
Authors: Feghali James , Antar Albert , Wicks Elizabeth E. , Sattari Shahab Aldin , Li Sean , Witham Timothy F. , Brem Henry , Huang Judy
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE

The authors aimed to characterize which US medical schools have the most female neurosurgery residents and to identify potential associations between medical school characteristics and successful recruitment of women pursuing a neurosurgery career.

METHODS

The authors evaluated a total of 1572 residents in US neurosurgery programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education as of February 2021, representing match cohorts from 2014 to 2020. The authors extracted US medical school characteristics and ranked schools based on the percentages of women graduates entering neurosurgery. They additionally studied yearly trends of the percentage of women constituting incoming neurosurgery resident cohorts as well as associations between female recruitment percentage and medical school characteristics using univariable and stepwise multivariable linear regression (including significant univariable factors).

RESULTS

The cohort consisted of 1255 male and 317 (20%) female residents. Yearly trends indicated a significant drop in incoming female residents in 2016, followed by significant increases in 2017 and 2019. On multivariable analysis, the following factors were associated with a higher average percentage of female graduates entering neurosurgery: total affiliated neurosurgery clinical faculty (β = 0.006, 95% CI 0.001–0.011, p = 0.01), allopathic versus osteopathic schools (β = 0.231, 95% CI 0.053–0.409, p = 0.01), and top 10 U.S. News & World Report ranking (β = 0.380, 95% CI 0.129–0.589, p < 0.01). When the number of female clinical faculty was added to the model, the variable was not statistically significant. Multivariable bibliometric analyses indicated a higher mean preresidency H-index for men, with an even greater gender difference identified in the 2021 H-index.

CONCLUSIONS

This study characterizes which medical schools are most successful at recruiting female students who constituted the total neurosurgery resident workforce of the 2020–2021 academic year. The overall number of clinical neurosurgery faculty rather than faculty gender was independently associated with female recruitment. Gender differences in research productivity persisted with control for confounders and increased between preresidency and 2021 time points. Such understanding of factors that influence the recruitment of women can help improve female representation in neurosurgery residency training moving forward.
Comparison of intrathecal baclofen pump insertion and selective dorsal rhizotomy for nonambulatory children with predominantly spastic cerebral palsy
Authors: Mansur Ann , Morgan Benjamin , Lavigne Alexandre , Phaneuf-Garand Nicolas , Diabira Jocelyne , Yan Han , Narayanan Unni G. , Fehlings Darcy , Milo-Manson Golda , Dalziel Blythe , Breitbart Sara , Mercier Claude , Venne Dominic , Marois Pierre , Weil Alexander G. , Raskin Jeffrey S. , Thomas Sruthi P. , Ibrahim George M.
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE

In nonambulatory children with predominantly spastic cerebral palsy (CP), the authors compared care needs, symptom burden, and complications after surgical treatment with either intrathecal baclofen (ITB) pump insertion or selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR). The patients were treated at two Canadian centers with variability in practice pertaining to these surgical options.

METHODS

The authors performed a retrospective analysis of nonambulatory children with predominantly spastic quadriplegic or diplegic CP who underwent treatment with ITB or SDR. These two strategies were retrospectively assessed by comparing patient data from the two treatment groups for demographic characteristics, outcomes, and complications. A partial least-squares analysis was performed to identify patient phenotypes associated with outcomes.

RESULTS

Thirty patients who underwent ITB and 30 patients who underwent SDR were included for analysis. Patients in the ITB group were older and had lower baseline functional status, with greater burdens of spasticity, dystonia, pain, deformity, bladder dysfunction, and epilepsy than patients in the SDR group. In addition, children who underwent SDR had lower Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels and were less likely to experience complications than those who underwent ITB. However, children treated with SDR had fewer improvements in pain than children treated with ITB. A single significant latent variable explaining 88% of the variance in the data was identified.

CONCLUSIONS

Considerable baseline differences exist within this pediatric CP patient population. Factors specific to individual children must be taken into account when determining whether ITB or SDR is the appropriate treatment.
Direct cochlear nerve stimulation monitoring through evoked muscle responses during retrosigmoid vestibular schwannoma resection surgery: technical note
Authors: Starnoni Daniele , Cossu Giulia , Maduri Rodolfo , Tuleasca Constantin , George Mercy , Maire Raphael , Messerer Mahmoud , Levivier Marc , Pralong Etienne , Daniel Roy T.
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE

Cochlear nerve preservation during surgery for vestibular schwannoma (VS) may be challenging. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials and cochlear compound nerve action potentials have clearly shown their limitations in surgeries for large VSs. In this paper, the authors report their preliminary results after direct electrical intraoperative cochlear nerve stimulation and recording of the postauricular muscle response (PAMR) during resection of large VSs.

METHODS

The details for the electrode setup, stimulation, and recording parameters are provided. Data of patients for whom PAMR was recorded during surgery were prospectively collected and analyzed.

RESULTS

PAMRs were recorded in all patients at the ipsilateral vertex-earlobe scalp electrode, and in 90% of the patients they were also observed in the contralateral electrode. The optimal stimulation intensity was found to be 1 mA at 1 Hz, with a good cochlear response and an absent response from other nerves. At that intensity, the ipsilateral cochlear response had an initial peak at a mean (± SEM) latency of 11.6 ± 1.5 msec with an average amplitude of 14.4 ± 5.4 µV. One patient experienced a significant improvement in his audition, while that of the other patients remained stable.

CONCLUSIONS

PAMR monitoring may be useful in mapping the position and trajectory of the cochlear nerve to enable hearing preservation during surgery.
Intratumoral hemorrhage in vestibular schwannomas after stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Bin-Alamer Othman , Fogg David , Wei Zhishuo , Duehr James , Mallela Arka N. , Niranjan Ajay , Lunsford L. Dade , Abou-Al-Shaar Hussam
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE

Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) are benign tumors of the cerebellopontine angle that are typically managed with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Intratumoral hemorrhage (ITH) of VSs is a rare occurrence that results in worsening vestibular and new cranial nerve deficits. Few reports have described the management and outcomes of this entity after SRS. To further delineate the incidence and impact of this event, the authors performed a retrospective review of their VS SRS patients at a single center.

METHODS

Between 1987 and 2022, 2058 patients with VSs underwent Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. The authors performed a review of the prospectively maintained VS database at their center to identify patients with ITH. The presentation, management, and clinical and imaging outcomes of the patients are reported.

RESULTS

A total of 1902 VS patients had sufficient clinical and imaging follow-up data. Five Koos grade III (n = 1) and IV (n = 4) VS patients developed ITH after GKRS, resulting in a cumulative incidence rate of 0.26%. The age at presentation ranged from 62 to 79 years, and 3 patients were male. The time from VS diagnosis to GKRS ranged from 1 to 13 months, and the time from GKRS to ITH ranged from 2 to 130 months. Three patients had bleeding risk factors. One patient required urgent surgical intervention due to the ITH volume, while the other 4 patients were initially observed. Three patients remained stable and required no delayed intervention; 1 patient required delayed resection because of symptom progression and hemorrhagic expansion. Histopathological analysis revealed multiple fragments of S-100–positive cells, hemorrhage, and hemosiderin-laden macrophages. At last follow-up, 4 patients had clinically improved and 1 patient remained stable.

CONCLUSIONS

ITH after VS radiosurgery is a rare phenomenon with a cumulative incidence rate of 0.26% in this series. Patient-tailored management in the form of observation or resection is based on patient presentation, acuity, and ITH size.