bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An investigation of the concurrent and longitudinal associations between narrative coherence and mental health mediated by social support
Authors: Vanaken Lauranne , Bijttebier Patricia , Fivush Robyn , Hermans Dirk
Published: February 2022

The coherence of autobiographical narratives is thought to be reflective of individuals’ psychological adjustment. However, results are not always replicable, the longitudinal nature of the relation has remained largely unaddressed, and there is limited research on mechanisms that may explain the relation between coherence and mental health. Therefore, in a large longitudinal study, we investigated the concurrent and prospective associations of narrative coherence with mental health, as well as mediational effects of perceived social support. Concurrently, correlations showed that total narrative coherence was associated with higher psychological well-being, fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety, and fewer negative social interactions. Cross-sectional regressions showed that total narrative coherence was predictive for better psychological well-being and fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety, and that chronological coherence predicted depressive symptomatology. These relations were all mediated by perceived negative social interactions. Prospectively, over a 5-month time interval, higher coherence of positive narratives predicted relative decreases in depressive and anxious symptoms. These relations were also mediated by the amount of perceived negative social interactions. Individuals who were more coherent about their past positive life events experienced a relative decrease in depressive and anxious symptoms over a 5-month time interval because they experienced fewer negative interactions with their social network over time.
Severe pneumonia: Treatment outcome and its determinant factors among under-five patients, Jimma, Ethiopia
Authors: Tegenu Kenenisa , Geleto Gelane , Tilahun Desalew , Bayana Ebissa , Bereke Bayisa
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Over 2 million children die from pneumonia each year accounting for almost one in five children’s deaths worldwide which is estimated to be 18% of mortality cases. Therefore, this study is aimed to assess treatment outcome and its determinant factors among under-five patients, Jimma, Ethiopia.

Methods:

Study design was conducted on 522 under-five children with severe pneumonia from 1 January 2017 to 30 December 2020. Pretested chart review format was used to collect data. Data were entered into EpiData, version 3.1, and exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 23, for analysis. Logistic regression analysis with 95% confidence interval was used to declare statistical significance at p value <0.05.

Results:

Among 522 under-five children with severe pneumonia, majority (83.91%) of them were improved, whereas 1 over 6 (16.09%) of them were died. This finding showed that children who have malnutrition (adjusted odds ratio = 7.23 (3.17–14.51), p = 0.000), positive serostatus for HIV (adjusted odds ratio = 5.01 (1.91–12.13), p = 0.001), history of upper respiratory tract infections (adjusted odds ratio = 3.27 (1.55–6.91), p = 0.002), unvaccinated (adjusted odds ratio = 4.35 (1.60–11.79), p = 0.004), having complicated types of pneumonia (adjusted odds ratio = 8.48 (4.22–16.65), p < 0.001), and comorbidity disease (adjusted odds ratio = 5.21 (2.03–13.3), p < 0.001) were statistically significant with mortality.

Conclusion:

This study showed that mortality secondary to severe pneumonia was high. Being malnourished, positive serostatus for HIV infection, history of upper respiratory tract infections, unvaccinated, having complicated type of pneumonia, and other comorbidity disease were identified as determinant factors of mortality. Committed, harmonized, and integrated intervention needs to be taken to reduce mortality from severe pneumonia by enhancing child’s nutrition status, early detection and treatment, effectively vaccinating children, and preventing other comorbidity diseases.
Prevalence and its predictors of intimate partner violence against pregnant women amid COVID-19 pandemic in Southwest Ethiopia, 2021: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Fetene Gossa , Alie Melsew Setegn , Girma Desalegn , Negesse Yilkal
Published: February 2022

Objectives:

Preventive measures like staying-at-home and social distancing are among the top strategies on the list to avert the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 and its consequences. However, this strategy brings off another shadow pandemic of intimate partner violence against women, and no study has been done to assess the magnitude of intimate partner violence against pregnant women during the pandemic in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the prevalence of intimate partner violence and its predictors in Southwest Ethiopia amid the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Methods:

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted, from 15 June 2021 to 15 August 2021, on a total of 590 pregnant women recruited by systematic random sampling techniques. Pretested structured questionnaires were used to collect data, and the data were entered using EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 24. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of intimate partner violence. Finally, statistical significance was declared at a p-value <0.05.

Results:

The prevalence of intimate partner violence was 39.2%. Of this, 29.8%, 26.8%, and 22.2% of the pregnant women had experienced physical, sexual, and emotional intimate partner violence, respectively. Being illiterate (adjusted odds ratio = 2.36, 95% confidence interval: 1.33–4.19), having illiterate husbands (adjusted odds ratio = 4.79, 95% confidence interval: 2.69–8.55), household decisions made by the husband alone (adjusted odds ratio = 4.91, 95% confidence interval: 3.74–9.33), and pandemic-induced economic downturns (adjusted odds ratio = 9.03, 95% confidence interval: 5.18–15.98) were the predictors that were significantly associated with intimate partner violence.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of intimate partner violence against pregnant women during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has been found to be high in the study area. Thus, more efforts should be tried to integrating intimate partner violence screening in maternal and child healthcare services, and early identification of high-risk individuals, and continuous community-based awareness creation activities are recommended.
The Impact of Village Cadres’ Public Service Motivation on the Effectiveness of Rural Living Environment Governance: An Empirical Study of 118 Chinese Villages
Authors: Liu JunNa , Wang XiaoLing , Hou YunZhang
Published: February 2022

Based on Perry’s Public Service Motivation Theory, this paper aims at (1) measuring public service motivation of village cadres and the effectiveness of rural living environment governance; (2) examining the public service motivation of village cadres as a factor potentially influencing the effectiveness of rural living environment governance. Through the survey of village heads, the village party secretaries and villagers in 118 villages in south-central China, an empirical study on the impact of village cadres’ public service motivation and effectiveness of rural living environment governance is conducted. Empirical results indicate that village cadres’ public service motivation (four dimensions) positively influences the effectiveness of rural living environment governance (three aspects). Therefore, we could consider more about perspective of village cadres’ public service motivation for improving the effectiveness of rural living environment governance.
Customer Orientation: A Literature Review Based on Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Zhao Xin
Published: February 2022

Rooted in the concept of market orientation, the literature has long affirmed the importance of customer orientation to business success. While a number of literature reviews on customer orientation exist, there is still a need for a thorough investigation into the current status of customer orientation research. Using the bibliometric method and CiteSpace visual analysis tool, this study analyzes and summarizes the customer orientation literature from 2001 to 2020. By using the co-occurrence analysis, co-citation analysis, burst detection, and time zone visualization, this paper provides an all-around intellectual structure of the customer orientation literature, for example, an overview of relevant publications, the distribution of journals, the authors’ and institutions’ contribution, the heated issues, core research theories, and future avenues of customer orientation research.
Improving Speaking and Presentation Skills through Interactive Multimedia Environment for Non-Native Speakers of English
Authors: Mahdi Dawood Ahmed
Published: February 2022

This study examines the correlation existing between students speaking competency and their interaction with multimedia devices in the classroom learning process. A mixed-method study design has been employed to explore the impact of an interactive multimedia environment on their presentation and speaking skills. Initially, 46 Arabic-speaking students from the English Undergraduate Program (B.A. Degree) were recruited in this study. They were divided into two groups based on two intact classes for the same course. The total number of fully completed video-recorded presentations of the two sections was reduced to forty participants. These presentations served as the database for the pre-test result of the two sections before assigning one section as a control group and the other section as an experimental one. Moreover, a questionnaire was filled out by the experimental group students for further opinions and perceptions regarding the impact of multimedia technology on speaking skills. In addition, audio-recorded semi-structured interviews were conducted for in-depth understanding. The multimedia students’ group significantly outscored the non-multimedia group in the verbal presentation performance over the semester. The student’s performance showed that multimedia helped the students in learning better. The results revealed that there was a positive impact of multimedia environment on the development of presentation and speaking skills among the students.
Lumbo-sacral Junction Instability by Traumatic Sacral Fractures: Isler’s Classification Revisited – A Narrative Review
Authors: Kanna Rishi M , Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan , Schroeder Gregory D , Schnake Klaus , Vaccaro Alexander R , Benneker Lorin , Oner Cumhur F , Kandziora Frank , Vialle Emiliano
Published: February 2022

Study Design

Narrative review

Objectives

Multiple classifications have been proposed for sacral fractures since the last century. While initial classifications focussed on vertical and transverse fractures, the recent fracture classifications encompass all injury patterns. In 1990, Isler classified unilateral vertical sacral fractures based on its potential influence on lumbo-sacral joint (LSJ) stability.

Methods

We re-visited the original description of Isler’s classification of sacral fractures and subsequent studies that have cited it. We will further describe basic LSJ anatomy, evolution of sacral classification systems and the use of Isler’s classification system as it relates to LSJ instability and chronic low back pain.

Results

Isler described a subset of unilateral vertical sacral fractures where the fracture line exited medial or through the L5-S1 facet joint, based on radiographic review of 193 sacral fractures (incidence -3.5%). He stated that such a fracture should be recognised as it can impede hemi-pelvis reduction and can result in late LSJ instability. The article has been cited in 106 studies and only a few studies have described the incidence of this variant. Nevertheless, the injury is considered as an indication for surgical fixation.

Conclusion

A review of various classifications indicates that sacral fractures have three important bio-mechanical implications, namely, pelvic ring continuity (vertical fractures), spino-pelvic alignment (high transverse fractures) and lumbo-sacral joint integrity (Isler’s fractures). Though there is a universal recognition of Isler’s fractures and its impact on LSJ integrity, there is a lack of clinical and bio-mechanical evidence regarding the concept of instability caused by a unilateral Isler fracture.
A Single Supplier Multi Buyer Supply Chain Coordination under Vendor- managed Inventory: Ensuring Buyers’ Interests in a Decentralized Setting
Authors: Chakraborty Abhishek , Verma Nishant Kumar , Chatterjee Ashis K.
Published: February 2022

Our work delves into supply chain coordination involving a single supplier selling a single product to multiple downstream buyers. We consider the case when the supplier proposes implementing vendor-managed inventory (VMI) for each buyer. The VMI contract involves the buyers charging a penalty to the supplier on the excess inventory whenever the supplier exceeds some pre-decided inventory threshold. Unlike the works covered predominantly in the VMI literature involving penalty, where both the penalty and the threshold are exogenous, we develop a model to determine both endogenously. In our study, the supplier deciding on the penalty and the inventory threshold needs to ensure that each of the buyers’ interests is protected, that is, none of the buyers becomes worse off from the optimal position, thereby ensuring the willing participation of all the buyers. We further compared our model with the centralized Joint Economic Lot Size (JELS) model and other existing models. We show that our model has a cost equivalence with the JELS model with unequal order intervals. We also show the superiority of our proposed model over the existing VMI models in terms of the overall costs. Finally, we examine the impact of size and ordering cost on each buyers’ costs through numerical analysis.
The Layered Toll of Racism in Teacher Education on Teacher Educators of Color
Authors: Kohli Rita , Pizarro Marcos
Published: February 2022

To systematically explore the structural racism that teacher educators of Color endure, this article uses a critical race theory lens to analyze the findings from qualitative questionnaires with 141 Black, Latinx, Indigenous, and Asian American teacher educators who work in diverse universities across the United States. We learned that many of the participants in our study were hired to teach race and racism among race-evasive colleagues and predominantly white students that are enabled to protect and leverage their whiteness. As we frame their experiences, we argue that teacher education programs are, in fact, structured for teacher educators of Color to experience racial stress and harm. We end by suggesting steps teacher education programs can take to advance racial justice.
Transcriptional regulation of metal metabolism- and nutrient absorption-related genes in Eucalyptus grandis by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at different zinc concentrations
Authors: Wang Xinyang , Liang Jingwei , Liu Ziyi , Kuang Yuxuan , Han Lina , Chen Hui , Xie Xianan , Hu Wentao , Tang Ming
Published: February 2022

Background

Eucalyptusspp. are candidates for phytoremediation in heavy metal (HM)-polluted soils as they can adapt to harsh environments, grow rapidly, and have good economic value. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the most widely distributed plant symbiotic fungi in nature, and they play an important role in promoting the phytoremediation of HM-polluted soils. However, few studies have evaluated the HM detoxification mechanism ofE.spp. in symbiosis with AMF, and thus, the molecular mechanism remains unclear.

Results

The gene transcription and metabolic pathways ofE.grandiswere studied with and without inoculation with AMF and at different zinc (Zn) concentrations. Here, we focused on the transcript level of six HM-related gene families (ZNT, COPT/Ctr, YSL, ZIFL and CE). Under high-Zn conditions, thirteen genes (ZNT:2, COPT/Ctr:5, YSL:3, ZIFL:1, CE:2) were upregulated, whereas ten genes (ZNT:3, COPT/Ctr:2, YSL:3, ZIFL:1, CE:1) were downregulated. With AMF symbiosis under high-Zn conditions, ten genes (ZNT:4, COPT/Ctr:2, YSL:3, CE:1) were upregulated, whereas nineteen genes (ZNT:9, COPT/Ctr:2, YSL:3, ZIFL:4, CE:1) were downregulated. Under high-Zn conditions, genes of three potassium-related transporters, six phosphate transporters (PHTs), and two nitrate transporters (NRTs) were upregulated, whereas genes of four potassium-related transporters,four PHTs, and four nitrogen-related transporters were downregulated. With AMF symbiosis under high-Zn conditions, genes of two potassium-related transporters, six ammonium transporters (AMTs) and five PHTs were upregulated, whereas genes of six potassium-related transporters, two AMTs and five PHTs were downregulated.

Conclusions

Our results indicates that AMF increases the resistance ofE.grandisto high-Zn stress by improving nutrients uptake and regulating Zn uptake at the gene transcription level. Meanwhile, our findings provide a genome-level resource for the functional assignments of key genes regulated by Zn treatment and AM symbiosis in six HM-associated gene families and macromineral nutrient-related gene families ofE.grandis. This may contribute to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of the response to Zn stress inE.grandiswith AM symbiosis at the aspect of the interaction between HM tolerance and nutrient acquisition.
Reproductive biology of an endangered lithophytic shrub and implications for its conservation
Authors: Wu Yuan-Mi , Shen Xue-Li , Tong Ling , Lei Feng-Wei , Xia Xiao-Fei , Mu Xian-Yun , Zhang Zhi-Xiang
Published: February 2022

Background

Plants in cliff habitats may evolve specific reproductive strategies to cope with harsh environments, and unraveling these reproductive characteristics can improve our understanding of survival strategies and lithophyte evolution. This understanding is especially important for efforts to protect rare and endemic plants. Here, we investigated the reproductive biology of Lonicera oblata, an endangered lithophytic shrub that is scattered in highly fragmented and isolated cliff habitats of the Taihang and Yan mountains in North China.

Results

Flowers of L. oblata are herkogamous and protandrous, characteristics that can prevent autogamy at the single-flower level, and insects are necessary for pollination. The outcrossing index, pollen/ovule ratio, and the results of hand pollination were measured and all revealed a mixed mating system for L. oblata, that combines cross-fertilization and partial self-fertilization. The floral traits of L. oblata of zygomorphic and brightly yellowish corolla, heavy fragrance, and rich nectar, suggest an entomophilous pollination system. Sweat bees were observed as the most effective pollinators but their visiting frequencies were not high. Pollen limitation may limit the reproductive success of L. oblata.

Conclusions

We determined the reproductive characteristics of L. oblata, a critically endangered species endemic to cliffs in North China, providing insight into its endangerment and suggesting conservation strategies. L. oblata has highly pollinator-dependent self-fertilization as part of a mixed mating system. Floral features such as low-flowering synchrony, asynchronous anthers dehiscence, and high duration of stigma receptivity, improve pollination efficiency in the case of low pollinator service. Our work provides reference information to understand the survival strategies and conservation of L. oblata and other lithophytes.
Correlation analysis between heart rate variability, epicardial fat thickness, visfatin and AF recurrence post radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Jian Bin , Li Zhen , Wang Jianing , Zhang Chuanlin
Published: February 2022

Background

The aim of the present study is to investigate the possible correlation between heart rate variability (HRV), epicardial fat thickness (EFT), visfatin and AF recurrence post radiofrequency ablation.

Methods

Data of 337 AF patients to whom radiofrequency ablation therapy had been initiated at our hospital over the past three years were evaluated. The patients enrolled were divided into the non-recurrence group (102 patients) and the recurrence group (235 patients) according to AF recurrence in the preceding 12 months. General data in the two groups were collected and HRV, EFT, and visfatin levels were comprehensively compared for each patients of the two groups.

Results

The recurrence group showed significantly higher results in rMSSD, PNN50, HF, total EFT, and visfatin but with evidently lower results in LF/HF when comparing the non-recurrence group (P < 0.05). The significantly different general variables in the general data and laboratory parameters, rMSSD, PNN50, HF, total EFT, visfatin, LF/HF were used as independent variables, and AF recurrence post radiofrequency ablation was used as dependent variables. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factors of AF recurrence post radiofrequency ablation were rMSSD, PNN50, HF, total EFT, visfatin, and LF/HF, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

HRV, EFT, visfatin appear to show high association with AF recurrence post radiofrequency ablation.
Step length and fall risk in adults with chronic kidney disease: a pilot study
Authors: Kimura Atsumi , Paredes William , Pai Rima , Farooq Hina , Buttar Rupinder S. , Custodio Matthew , Munugoti Samhitha , Kotwani Sonia , Randhawa Lovepreet S. , Dalezman Solomon , Elters Antonio C. , Nam Kate , Ibarra Jose S. , Venkataraman Sandheep , Abramowitz Matthew K.
Published: February 2022

Background

Patients with chronic kidney disease commonly experience gait abnormalities, which predispose to falls and fall-related injuries. An unmet need is the development of improved methods for detecting patients at high risk of these complications, using tools that are feasible to implement in nephrology practice. Our prior work suggested step length could be such a marker. Here we explored the use of step length as a marker of gait impairment and fall risk in adults with chronic kidney disease.

Methods

We performed gait assessments in 2 prospective studies of 82 patients with stage 4 and 5 chronic kidney disease (n = 33) or end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (n = 49). Gait speed and step length were evaluated during the 4-m walk component of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Falls within 6 months prior to or following enrollment were identified by questionnaire. Associations of low step length (≤47.2 cm) and slow gait speed (≤0.8 m/s) with falls were examined using logistic regression models adjusted for demographics and diabetes and peripheral vascular disease status.

Results

Assessments of step length were highly reproducible (r = 0.88, p < 0.001 for duplicate measurements at the same visit; r = 0.78, p < 0.001 between baseline and 3-month evaluations). Patients with low step length had poorer physical function, including lower SPPB scores, slower gait speed, and lower handgrip strength. Although step length and gait speed were highly correlated (r = 0.73, p < 0.001), one-third (n = 14/43) of patients with low step length did not have slow gait speed. Low step length and slow gait speed were each independently associated with the likelihood of falls (odds ratio (OR) 3.90 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–14.60) and OR 4.25 (95% CI 1.24–14.58), respectively). Compared with patients who exhibited neither deficit, those with both had a 6.55 (95% CI 1.40–30.71) times higher likelihood of falls, and the number of deficits was associated with a graded association with falls (p trend = 0.02). Effect estimates were similar after further adjustment for ESRD status.

Conclusions

Step length and gait speed may contribute additively to the assessment of fall risk in a general adult nephrology population.
A short peptide derived from pigment epithelial-derived factor exhibits an angioinhibitory effect
Authors: Ho Tsung-Chuan , Yeh Shu-I , Chen Show-Li , Chu Ting-Wen , Tsao Yeou-Ping
Published: February 2022

Background

Pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF), a 50 kDa secreted glycoprotein, exhibits distinct effects on a range of cell types. PEDF has been shown to inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated angiogenesis and widely accepted as a promising agent for treatment eye diseases related to neovascularization. A pool of short peptide fragments derived from PEDF reportedly manifests angioinhibitory activity. This study aims to determine the minimal PEDF fragment which can exert the anti-VEGF effect.

Methods

A series of shorter synthetic peptides, derived from the 34-mer (PEDF amino acid positions Asp44-Asn77), were synthesized. An MTT assay was used to evaluate the ability of the 34-mer-derived peptides to inhibit VEGF-induced proliferation of multiple myeloma RPMI8226 cells. Cell apoptosis was monitored by annexin V-FITC staining. Western blot analysis was used to detect phosphorylated kinases, including c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins, including p53, bax and caspase-3. VEGF-mediated angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), rat aortic ring and mouse cornea were used to detect the angioinhibitory activity of the PEDF-derived peptides.

Results

The MTT assay showed that the anti-VEGF effect of a 7-mer (Asp64-Ser70) was 1.5-fold greater than the 34-mer. In addition, massive apoptosis (37%) was induced by 7-mer treatment. The 7-mer induced JNK phosphorylation in RPMI8226 cells. Cell apoptosis and apoptosis-associated proteins induced by the 7-mer were blocked by pharmacological inhibition of JNK, but not p38 MAPK. Moreover, the 7-mer prevented VEGF-mediated angiogenesis of endothelial cells (ECs), including tube formation, aortic EC spreading and corneal neovascularization in mice.

Conclusions

This is the first study to show that the PEDF 7-mer peptide manifests anti-VEGF activity, further establishing its potential as an anti-angiogenic agent.
Data-driven study on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging during early abstinence of alcohol dependence in male patients and its predictive value for relapse
Authors: Deng Renhao , Yang Xia , Meng Ya-jing , Tao Yu-jie , Wang Hui-yao , Li Xiao-jing , Wei Wei , Yu Hua , Wang Qiang , Deng Wei , Zhao Lian-sheng , Ma Xiao-hong , Li Ming-li , Xu Jia-jun , Li Jing , Liu Yan-song , Tang Zhen , Du Xiang-dong , Coid Jeremy W. , Greenshaw Andrew J. , Li Tao , Guo Wan-jun
Published: February 2022

Background

Alcohol dependence is a mental disorder with a high relapse rate. However, specific neuroimaging biomarkers have not been determined for alcohol dependence and its relapse. We conducted data-driven research to investigate resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) during early abstinence from alcohol dependence and its potential ability to predict relapse.

Methods

Participants included 68 alcohol-dependent patients and 68 healthy controls (HCs). The regional homogeneity (ReHo) and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) were compared between the alcohol dependence group and the HCs and between the relapse group and the nonrelapse group. The brain regions that presented significantly different ReHo and/or fALFF between the alcohol-dependent patients and HCs and/or between the relapsed and nonrelapsed patients were selected as the seeds to calculate the functional connectivities (FCs).

Results

During a 6-month follow-up period, 52.24% of alcohol-dependent patients relapsed. A regression model for differentiating alcohol-dependent patients and HCs showed that reductions in ReHo in the left postcentral region, fALFF in the right fusiform region, and FC in the right fusiform region to the right middle cingulum were independently associated with alcohol dependence, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.841. The baseline FC of the left precentral to the left cerebellum of the relapse group was significantly lower than that of the nonrelapse group. The AUC of this FC to predict relapse was 0.774.

Conclusions

Our findings contribute to advancing research on the neurobiological etiology and predictive biomarkers for relapse associated with alcohol dependence.
Integrating simulation training during clinical practice in nursing homes: an experimental study of nursing students’ knowledge acquisition, self-efficacy and learning needs
Authors: Olaussen Camilla , Steindal Simen A. , Jelsness-Jørgensen Lars-Petter , Aase Ingunn , Stenseth Hege Vistven , Tvedt Christine Raaen
Published: February 2022

Background

Limited access to supervision, feedback and quality learning experiences pose challenges to learning in the clinical setting for first-year nursing students who are beginning their clinical experiences. Prior studies have indicated that simulation training, as a partial replacement of clinical practice hours, may improve learning. However, there has been little research on simulation training integrated as a partial replacement during first-year students’ clinical practice in nursing homes. The primary aim of this study was to examine first-year nursing students’ knowledge acquisition and self-efficacy in integrating a partial replacement of clinical hours in nursing homes with simulation training. Its secondary aim was to examine perceptions of how learning needs were met in the simulated environment compared with the clinical environment.

Design

The primary aim was addressed using an experimental design that included pre- and post-tests. The secondary aim was investigated using a descriptive survey-based comparison.

Methods

First-year students at a Norwegian university college (n = 116) were asked to participate. Those who agreed (n = 103) were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 52) or the control group (n = 51). A knowledge test, the General Self-efficacy Scale and the Clinical Learning Environment Comparison Survey were used to measure students’ outcomes and perceptions. The data were analysed using independent samples t-tests, chi-square tests and paired samples t-tests.

Results

Knowledge scores from pre- to post-tests were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group with a medium to large effect size (p < 0.01, Hedges’ g = 0.6). No significant differences in self-efficacy were identified. Significant differences (p <  0.05) were observed between the simulated and the clinical environment with regard to meeting learning needs; effect sizes ranged from small and medium to large (Cohen’s d from 0.3 to 1.0).

Conclusion

Integrating the partial replacement of clinical hours in nursing homes with simulation training for first-year nursing students was positively associated with knowledge acquisition and meeting learning needs. These findings are promising with regard to simulation as a viable partial replacement for traditional clinical practice in nursing homes to improve learning.
Cross-border reproductive healthcare attitudes and behaviours among women living in Florence, Italy
Authors: Meier Stephanie , Ramos-Ortiz Jaziel , Basille Kelsie , D’Eramo Alyson C. , Diaconu Adria M. , Flores Lesley J. , Hottle Savannah , Mason-Yeary Kaylee , Ruiz Yumary , DeMaria Andrea L.
Published: February 2022

Background

The number of women living in Italy and seeking cross-border reproductive care (CBRC), especially for medically assisted reproduction (MAR), has increased. The purpose of this study was to explore CBRC attitudes and behaviours among a cohort of reproductive-aged women who have never engaged in CBRC to gauge social and cultural perceptions and gain a deeper understanding of family planning discourse.

Methods

In-depth interviews were conducted during May – June 2018 with 30 women aged 18–50 living in or around Florence, Italy and enrolled in the Italian healthcare system. Interviews offered in-depth insight into CBRC attitudes, behaviours, and experiences among a cohort of women living in Italy who had never engaged in CBRC. Researchers used an expanded grounded theory through open and axial coding. Emergent themes were identified via a constant comparison approach.

Results

Three themes and two subthemes emerged from the data. Participants discussed how limitations in Italy’s access to MAR can lead women to seek reproductive healthcare in other countries. Women had mixed feelings about the effect of religion on legislation and reproductive healthcare access, with many views tied to religious and spiritual norms impacting MAR treatment-seeking in-country and across borders. Participants perceived infertility and CBRC-seeking as socially isolating, as the motherhood identity was highly revered. The financial cost of traveling for CBRC limited access and exacerbated emotional impacts.

Conclusions

Findings offered insight into CBRC perceptions and intentions, presenting a deeper understanding of the existing family planning discourse among reproductive-aged women. This may allow policymakers and practitioners to address social and cultural perceptions, increase access to safe and effective local care, and empower women in their family planning decisions.
Associations between ambient temperature and adult asthma hospitalizations in Beijing, China: a time-stratified case-crossover study
Authors: Chen Yuxiong , Kong Dehui , Fu Jia , Zhang Yongqiao , Zhao Yakun , Liu Yanbo , Chang Zhen’ge , Liu Yijie , Liu Xiaole , Xu Kaifeng , Jiang Chengyu , Fan Zhongjie
Published: February 2022

Background

Studies on the associations between ambient temperature and asthma hospitalizations are limited, and the results are controversial. We aimed to assess the short-term effects of ambient temperature on the risk of asthma hospitalizations and quantify the hospitalization burdens of asthma attributable to non-optimal temperature in adults in Beijing, China.

Methods

We collected daily asthma hospitalizations, meteorological factors and air quality data in Beijing from 2012 to 2015. We applied a time-stratified case-crossover design and fitted a distributed lag non-linear model with a conditional quasi-Poisson regression to explore the association between ambient temperature and adult asthma hospitalizations. The effect modifications of these associations by gender and age were assessed by stratified analyses. We also computed the attributable fractions and numbers with 95% empirical confidence intervals (eCI) of asthma hospitalizations due to extreme and moderate temperatures.

Results

From 2012 to 2015, we identified a total of 18,500 hospitalizations for asthma among adult residents in Beijing, China. Compared with the optimal temperature (22 °C), the cumulative relative risk (CRR) over lag 0–30 days was 2.32 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.57–3.42 for extreme cold corresponding to the 2.5th percentile (− 6.5 °C) of temperature distribution and 2.04 (95% CI 1.52–2.74) for extreme heat corresponding to the 97.5th percentile (29 °C) of temperature distribution. 29.1% (95% eCI 17.5–38.0%) of adult asthma hospitalizations was attributable to non-optimum temperatures. Moderate cold temperatures yielded most of the burdens, with an attributable fraction of 20.3% (95% eCI 9.1–28.7%). The temperature-related risks of asthma hospitalizations were more prominent in females and younger people (19–64 years old).

Conclusions

There was a U-shaped association between ambient temperature and the risk of adult asthma hospitalizations in Beijing, China. Females and younger patients were more vulnerable to the effects of non-optimum temperatures. Most of the burden was attributable to moderate cold. Our findings may uncover the potential impact of climate changes on asthma exacerbations.
Vaginal bleeding as a sign of Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever infection: a case report
Authors: Qaderi Shohra , Hatami Hossein , Omid Ahmad Murad , Sayad Jalal
Published: February 2022

Background

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever is a severe vector-borne viral hemorrhagic fever with considerable mortality in humans. This disease is endemic in Afghanistan, and its incidence rate has rapidly increased in recent years. This infection can cause a broad range of hemorrhage manifestations including epistaxis, petechial or purpuric rashes, hematemesis, and melena; however, vaginal bleeding is also reported as a rare manifestation.

Case presentation

We report the case of a previously healthy 30-year-old Afghan female of shepherding occupation, with a sudden onset of fever, generalized body pain, epistaxis, and vaginal bleeding. She was admitted to the hospital after 7 days of symptom manifestation, with predominant signs being high fever, vaginal bleeding, and elevated liver enzymes. The serological test result for Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever was positive. She was treated with oral ribavirin and discharged with normal parameters.

Conclusions

People in high-risk professions in endemic areas should be informed that vaginal bleeding is a serious symptom and requires immediate action and, therefore, might be attributed to nongynecologic disorders.
Biology and resource acquisition of mistletoes, and the defense responses of host plants
Authors: Muche Meseret , Muasya A. Muthama , Tsegay Berhanu Abraha
Published: February 2022

Background

Mistletoes are the most successful group of obligatory hemi-parasitic flowering plants that attach to the host via haustorium for obtaining water and minerals. This review aims to assess the current knowledge on mistletoes host plant recognition, haustorium formation, water/minerals acquisition, and host plants’ defense signaling and responses against mistletoe attack.

Results

Some mistletoes are host-specific while others are generalists occurring on a wide range of vascular plants. The host nitrogen (N) content, parasite–host chemical interactions, compatibility, and dispersal agents are the main determinant factors for host specificity. Mistletoes take up substantial amounts of water and minerals passively via apoplastic routes, and most are xylem feeders, but could shift to phloem-feeding during the physiological stress of the host plants. Current evidence highlighted that cell wall loosening and modification are critical during the development of the haustorium in the host tissue. This is made possible by the application of physical pressures by the developing haustorium and cell wall degradation using enzymes (xyloglucan endotransglycosylases, glucanase, expansins, etc.) produced by the mistletoe. Host plants defend against mistletoe infection mechanically by producing spines, lignin, suberin, etc., which discourages dispersers, and chemically defend by killing the infector or inhibiting the establishment of the haustorium using their secondary metabolites such as terpenes, phenolics, and N-containing compounds. Although the host plants' response to mistletoe attack resembles the response to other biotic stresses, unlike short-term stressors, the effect of mistletoe attack is long-term and depends on the parasite load. Infection by mistletoe leads to water and nutrient stress of the host plant and deteriorates its healthy establishment and survival.

Conclusion

Mistletoes are heterogeneous group in the order Santalales which have versatile mechanisms for pollination, seed dispersal and nutrient acquisition from host plants. Infection by mistletoes triggers host plant responses, varying from mechanical to chemical mechanisms which are analogous to herbivory defences, and negatively impacts host plant growth and reproduction.
Spatio-temporal analysis of leprosy risks in a municipality in the state of Mato Grosso-Brazilian Amazon: results from the leprosy post-exposure prophylaxis program in Brazil
Authors: Machado Lúbia Maieles Gomes , dos Santos Emerson Soares , Cavaliero Arielle , Steinmann Peter , Ignotti Eliane
Published: February 2022

Background

Leprosy post-exposure prophylaxis (LPEP) with single dose rifampicin (SDR) can be integrated into different leprosy control program set-ups once contact tracing has been established. We analyzed the spatio-temporal changes in the distribution of index cases (IC) and co-prevalent cases among contacts of leprosy patients (CP) over the course of the LPEP program in one of the four study areas in Brazil, namely the municipality of Alta Floresta, state of Mato Grosso, in the Brazilian Amazon basin.

Methods

Leprosy cases were mapped, and socioeconomic indicators were evaluated to explain the leprosy distribution of all leprosy cases diagnosed in the period 2016–2018. Data were obtained on new leprosy cases [Notifiable diseases information system (Sinan)], contacts traced by the LPEP program, and socioeconomic variables [Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE)]. Kernel, SCAN, factor analysis and spatial regression were applied to analyze changes.

Results

Overall, the new case detection rate (NCDR) was 20/10 000 inhabitants or 304 new cases, of which 55 were CP cases among the 2076 examined contacts. Changes over time were observed in the geographic distribution of cases. The highest concentration of cases was observed in the northeast of the study area, including one significant cluster (Relative risk = 2.24; population 27 427,P-value < 0.001) in an area characterized by different indicators associated with poverty as identified through spatial regression (Coefficient 3.34,P-value = 0.01).

Conclusions

The disease distribution was partly explained by poverty indicators. LPEP influences the spatial dynamic of the disease and results highlighted the relevance of systematic contact surveillance for leprosy elimination.

Graphical Abstract
Determination of atrazine and propazine metabolites deemed endocrine disruptors in human seminal plasma by LC–ESI-MS/MS
Authors: Rodríguez-Robledo Virginia , Vendrell Alberto , García-Cifuentes Alicia , Villaseca-González Noemí , Guiberteau-Cabanillas Carmen , Martínez Lydia Luque , Garde José Julián , Fernández-Santos María Rocío
Published: February 2022

Background

The increasing prevalence of male infertility and the declining trend in sperm quality has been associated to compounds known as “endocrine-disruptors”. The proven endocrine-disrupting effects of atrazine and propazine herbicides led us to conduct long-term research based on highly accurate specific analytical methods with a view to confirming the suspected association. Among the proposed developments was a sensitive analytical method for the simultaneous determination of three metabolites of atrazine and propazine.

Results

In this work, the method was for first time used for the chromatographic separation and determination of deethyl- and deisopropyl-atrazine (DEA and DIA, respectively) and propazine-2-hydroxy (PP-2OH) in human seminal plasma by LC–ESI-MS/MS using deuterated atrazine (d5-AT) as internal standard (IS). Chromatographic and mass spectrometric conditions such as the mobile phase composition and flow-rate, injected volume, dry gas source temperature and flow-rate, nebulizer pressure and capillary voltage were all carefully optimized. Analytes were identified and quantified by using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode as applied to positive ions ([M + H]+). Transitions at three different m/z values for each analyte were selected from precursor ions, and the 212.1 → [128]+, 188.1 → [146]+ and 174.1 → [68.1]+ transitions for PP-2OH, DEA and DIA, respectively, were found to be quantitative. The proposed method was validated in terms of precision (repeatability and reproducibility), linear range (10–240 ng mL–1), limit of detection (150–210 pg mL–1), and quantification (500–700 pg mL–1), recovery, accuracy and matrix effects on extracts from variably treated seminal plasma samples. The overall analytical method was successfully applied to human seminal plasma samples from volunteers. PP-2OH was found at concentrations from 1.10 to 11.3 ng mL–1 in four of the six samples, and so was DIA at 9.60 ng mL–1 in one.

Conclusions

These results are suggestive of bioaccumulation of the target analytes in humans. Untargeted analytes including suspected parent molecules (atrazine and propazine) and other ions [viz., deethyldeisopropyl-atrazine (DD) and diamino-s-chlorotriazine (DACT)] were also detected under the working conditions used. These results may open up new prospects for as yet very incipient research into the bioaccumulation of endocrine disruptors in seminal plasma.

Graphical Abstract
Body position for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia for critically ill patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Pozuelo-Carrascosa Diana P. , Cobo-Cuenca Ana Isabel , Carmona-Torres Juan Manuel , Laredo-Aguilera Jose Alberto , Santacruz-Salas Esmeralda , Fernandez-Rodriguez Ruben
Published: February 2022

Background

The evidence about the best body position to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is unclear. The aim of this study was to know what the best body position is to prevent VAP, shorten the length of intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay, and reduce mortality among patients undergoing mechanical ventilation (MV).

Methods

We performed a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials including intubated patients undergoing MV and admitted to an ICU. The assessed interventions were different body positions (i.e., lateral, prone, semi-recumbent) or alternative degrees of positioning in mechanically ventilated patients.

Results

Semi-recumbent and prone positions showed a risk reduction of VAP incidence (RR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.25–0.52) and mortality (RR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.50–0.91), respectively, compared to the supine position. The ranking probabilities and the surface under the cumulative ranking displayed as the first best option of treatment the semi-recumbent position to reduce the incidence of VAP (71.4%), the hospital length of stay (68.9%), and the duration of MV (67.6%); and the prone position to decrease the mortality (89.3%) and to reduce the ICU length of stay (59.3%).

Conclusions

Cautiously, semi-recumbent seems to be the best position to reduce VAP incidence, hospital length of stay and the duration of MV. Prone is the most effective position to reduce the risk of mortality and the ICU length of stay, but it showed no effect on the VAP incidence.

Registration PROSPERO CRD42021247547
Comparison between total least squares and ordinary least squares in obtaining the linear relationship between stable water isotopes
Authors: Lee Jeonghoon , Lee Won Sang , Jung Hyejung , Lee Seung-Gu
Published: February 2022

The linear relationship between two stable water isotopes (δD and δ18O) has been used to examine the physical processes and movements or changes of three water phases (water vapor, liquid water and ice), including deuterium excess. The ordinary least squares (OLS) method has been the most commonly used method to fit the linear relationship between two isotopic compositions of water. However, an alternative method, the total least squares (TLS) method, has been proposed because it considers the presence of errors in the explanatory variable (horizontal axis, δ18O). However, not many studies have examined the differences of the relationship using two stable isotopes between the OLS and TLS for various types of water. In this work, these two methods were compared using isotopic compositions of three types of water (Antarctic snow, water vapor and summer and winter rainfall). Statistically, the slopes and intercepts obtained by the two linear regression methods were not significantly different except for summer rainfall, which has the smallest coefficient of variations (R2). The TLS method produced larger slopes than the OLS method and the degrees of difference between the two methods were greater when the coefficient of variation was lower. In addition, with a Monte Carlo method, we showed that the differences between the two methods increased as the uncertainty increased. Moreover, the results of Bayesian linear regression were consistent with the two linear regressions. Although the TLS method is theoretically more suited to the linear regression for the stable water isotopes than the OLS method is, the application of the widely used OLS method can be recommended in the case of small measurements uncertainties after testing whether the linear parameters, slopes and intercepts, derived from the two methods are statistically significant different.