bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Networks and Identity
Authors: Ellis Nick , Hopkinson Gillian
Published: February 2020

This chapter argues that studies that embrace some notion of networks, supply chains, and markets in exploring identity can enhance the wider identity field in organization studies. The authors show that boundary spanners engage in identity work from a particular position of liminality where the tensions of identity become amplified. Hence, in their identity work, boundaries oscillate as they seek to define who counts as ‘the other’; and different identity levels are juxtaposed and particular characteristics activated to legitimize their role. The picture emerges of incoherence and irresolution in identity work as central to interactions across organizational boundaries. Nevertheless, the literature also regards the construction of identity as critical to effective performance in inter-organizational relationships and to how the employing organization is positioned in a variety of networks. This identity work is, therefore, fundamental to opportunities and constraints available to the organization. Important and consequential questions about the role of identity in power and agency are thus emerging.
Creating Creative Identities in Organizations
Authors: Josefsson Iva
Published: February 2020

Creative workers, fuelled by the desire to be and be seen as creative, have come to epitomize some of the most intense identity struggles of any group of employees in modern times. This chapter begins by reviewing the significance of identity for creative work and by arguing for its heightened salience given its importance in both the processes and outcomes of creative work. Organizations play a role in inspiring and framing the creative identities that people construct. Echoing many broader discourses of creative work, organizations capitalize on these to delimit people’s aspired-to identities. While official discourses of autonomy and creativity offer the promise of self-making, they can also be understood as softer forms of control in organizations that aim to produce an ideal subject who is self-disciplining and invests him/herself in work. This chapter concludes by arguing that creative identities are often problematic as they can blur the lines between individual and organization, work and life, and further encourage (self-)exploitation of workers in potentially harmful ways that demand further research.
Materialities and Identities
Authors: Harding Nancy
Published: February 2020

Concern with the limitations of discourse-focused theories to understand and explain environmental change, the refugee crisis, the lived effects of increasing inequalities and other undoubtedly material experiences have led to a ‘material turn’ in the social sciences, arts and humanities. This chapter explores the implications of this turn for identities theories in management and organization studies. Identities theorists have drawn on materialities as a discursive resource rather than as agentive actors and this chapter illuminates the value of understanding ‘non-sentient’ actors as active agents in the construction of identities. It focuses on the influential work of the theorist Karen Barad, outlining her theoretical approach and exploring how it has been taken up in management and organization studies. The chapter explores some of the mistakes that can easily be made in applying her ideas, but also the value of grasping her work’s complexities. It shows how the approach could expand upon the findings of two studies, one well-established and one recent, and concludes with a discussion of the relevance of new materialism for understanding organizations in the political, economic, social, and cultural conditions of the current epoch.
English and Welsh in Contact
Authors: Grey Clive G.
Published: February 2020

Welsh and English have been in contact for centuries. This chapter looks at the long-standing influence of the English language upon Welsh and its changing nature. Welsh is interesting for what it tells us about how English has itself changed phonetically over time. Modern Welsh and English, unlike German, share well-developed progressive verbal systems. Linguistic contact was not always unidirectional across the Welsh border. The chapter assesses some patterns of morphological and syntactic change in Welsh emerging in the 1970s as pressure from Anglicization westwards across Wales. Anglicization can be mapped in the distribution of loanwords as recorded in major dialect surveys of the period. Explaining the distribution of English loanwords across Wales, the assignment of grammatical gender to them, and their accommodation into the Welsh morphological system turns out to be unusually complex, not just dependent on how far the border is away from Welsh speakers, but also on how much Welsh is spoken as a first language in that area but also linked to local attitudes toward the Welsh language itself, and the perception of threats to it from the use and spread of English across most social domains at that time. Code-switching and borrowing is closely linked to unstable bilingualism, and attitudes toward Anglicization.
Language Contact in Berber
Authors: Souag Lameen
Published: February 2020

The Berber languages are indigenous to North Africa, in which their first written attestations date back more than two millennia, and extend south from the Mediterranean across the Sahara well into the Sahel. At present, most Berber speakers live in Morocco and Algeria, but smaller communities of speakers continue to be scattered throughout this range, between the Atlantic and western Egypt. Major Berber languages include Shilha, Tamazight, and Rif in Morocco; Kabyle and Shawi in northern Algeria; Tuareg throughout the south-central Sahara, particularly in Mali and Niger; and, at a smaller scale, Nafusi in northeastern Libya. Like any other language family, Berber has been in contact with a variety of languages, and the relatively good early documentation of Mediterranean languages allows this contact to be traced back almost three millennia. However, its contact with Arabic is remarkable for the unusually wide range of examples of intense language-contact phenomena that it provides, enabled by widespread fluent bilingualism, especially among men. Such phenomena are especially pervasive in smaller varieties surrounded by Arabic speakers, many of which are in danger of disappearance. Berber itself has significantly impacted Maghrebi Arabic and languages of the Sahel region, but this chapter discusses only the impacts of other languages on Berber.
Language Contact in Korean
Authors: Sohn Ho-min
Published: February 2020

In this chapter the linguistic contacts of Korean are examined from historical, sociocultural, and political perspectives. Contacts with Chinese, Japanese, and English have exerted the most powerful and extensive influences on Korean. Their strongest impact has been on the Korean lexicon due to the presence of extensive cultural borrowings, while changes in phonology, morphosyntax, and discourse styles are minor. The impact of Chinese upon Korean lexicon has, nonetheless, been immense. Other languages have exerted a smaller amount of influence upon the Korean lexicon in the last millennium of so.
Language Contact in Warlpiri and Light Warlpiri
Authors: O’Shannessy Carmel
Published: February 2020

The Australian Pama-Nyungan language, Warlpiri, is spoken by about 4,000 people mostly in small remote communities in the Northern Territory, and also in a sizable diaspora. Australia has long been a site of extensive language contact, and there is considerable work on Warlpiri and its historical relationships to neighboring languages, including language contact effects. This chapter reviews work on language contact with regard to Warlpiri from historical and contemporary perspectives, situating the work within that about Australian languages more generally. There is clear evidence of the genetic position of Warlpiri, and also of transfer of lexical items between Warlpiri and neighboring languages, including diffusion of a subsection kinship system. More recently, dramatic contact effects have been seen in the emergence of a mixed language, Light Warlpiri.
Language Contact in Unangam Tunuu (Aleut)
Authors: Berge Anna
Published: February 2020

Unangam Tunuu (Aleut) is a highly divergent member of the Eskimo-Aleut language family; it has also experienced substantial language contact during several distinct periods of its history, including the late prehistoric period (ca. 1000–1741 ce), the Russian period (1741–1867), and the American period (1867–present). This chapter discusses each period, and the very different linguistic effects of the different nature of the respective periods of language contact: prehistoric contact was extensive enough to result in deep structural changes; Russian and early American contact were primarily lexical and did not overwhelm the Aleut language; and the late American period is characterized by language shift. The chapter focuses especially on the speculative first period, as it is of critical important in the divergence of Aleut within its language family.
The Lower Mississippi Valley as a Linguistic Area
Authors: Kaufman David
Published: February 2020

The Lower Mississippi Valley (LMV) of North America was home to a linguistic area, or Sprachbund, on par with other well known linguistic areas around the world, such as the Balkans, South India, and the Pacific Northwest. Languages of the LMV Sprachbund included Siouan (Biloxi, Ofo) and Muskogean (Choctaw-Chickasaw) languages and four isolates (Atakapa, Chitimacha, Natchez, Tunica). These languages shared certain phonological, morphosyntactic, and lexicosemantic features. The LMV was also home to an indigenous pidgin, the Mobilian Trade Language, or Mobilian Jargon. For this chapter, I have examined grammars and vocabularies of these languages not only to identify the LMV as a Sprachbund but also to discern something about ancient trade and migration routes and patterns ca. 500–1700 CE.
Sociolinguistic, Sociological, and Sociocultural Approaches to Contact-Induced Language Change
Authors: Thurgood Graham
Published: February 2020

Sociolinguistic issues involving contact-induced change in certain Chamic languages of Southeast Asia are explored. The chapter discusses the crucial role of child bilingualism in the development and change of these languages.
Prevalence of HCV in prisons in Wales, UK and the impact of moving to opt-out HCV testing
Authors: Perrett Stephanie E , Plimmer Amy , Shankar Ananda Giri , Craine Noel
Published: February 2020

Background

Viral hepatitis is a leading cause of death worldwide. The World Health Organisation introduced a target to reduce hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a public health threat by 2030. Testing and treatment of those at elevated risk of infection in prison is key to achieving disease elimination. An opt-out testing policy for those in prison was introduced in Wales, UK, in 2016.

Methods

We analysed all Wales laboratory data where the testing site was a prison. We analysed numbers tested and positivity for a 14-month period before and after the introduction of opt-out testing policy.

Results

Between September 2015 and December 2017, 6949 HCV tests were from prison settings in Wales, equating to 29% of admissions to prison (P < 0.001). All but one prison increased testing following the introduction of opt-out policy. Percentage positivity for HCV remained at 11% before and after opt-out policy (P = 0.572). Short-stay prisons saw higher rates of HCV positivity than long stay.

Conclusion

Data suggest implementation of opt-out policy improved uptake and diagnosis of HCV amongst those in prison; however, further effort is required to fully embed screening for all. Positivity remains high amongst those in prison, particularly in short-stay prisons. Laboratory data can support audit of opt-out policy.
ON RELATIVE COMPLETE REDUCIBILITY
Authors: Attenborough Christopher , Bate Michael , Gruchot Maike , Litterick Alastair , Röhrle Gerhard
Published: February 2020

Let $K$ be a reductive subgroup of a reductive group $G$ over an algebraically closed field $k$. The notion of relative complete reducibility, introduced in [M. Bate, B. Martin, G. Röhrle, R. Tange, Complete reducibility and conjugacy classes of tuples in algebraic groups and Lie algebras, Math. Z.269 (2011), no. 1, 809–832], gives a purely algebraic description of the closed $K$-orbits in $G^n$, where $K$ acts by simultaneous conjugation on $n$-tuples of elements from $G$. This extends work of Richardson and is also a natural generalization of Serre’s notion of $G$-complete reducibility. In this paper we revisit this idea, giving a characterization of relative $G$-complete reducibility, which directly generalizes equivalent formulations of $G$-complete reducibility. If the ambient group $G$ is a general linear group, this characterization yields representation-theoretic criteria. Along the way, we extend and generalize several results from [M. Bate, B. Martin, G. Röhrle, R. Tange, Complete reducibility and conjugacy classes of tuples in algebraic groups and Lie algebras, Math. Z.269 (2011), no. 1, 809–832].
The Efficiency of Real-World Bargaining: Evidence from Wholesale Used-Auto Auctions
Authors: Larsen Bradley J
Published: February 2020

This study empirically quantifies the efficiency of a real-world bargaining game with two-sided incomplete information. Myerson and Satterthwaite (1983) and Williams (1987) derived the theoretical ex-ante efficient frontier for bilateral trade under two-sided uncertainty and demonstrated that it falls short of ex-post efficiency, but little is known about how well bargaining performs in practice. Using about 265,000 sequences of a game of alternating-offer bargaining following an ascending auction in the wholesale used-car industry, this study estimates (or bounds) distributions of buyer and seller values and evaluates where realized bargaining outcomes lie relative to efficient outcomes. Results demonstrate that the ex-ante and ex-post efficient outcomes are close to one another, but that the real bargaining falls short of both, suggesting that the bargaining is indeed inefficient but that this inefficiency is not solely due to the information constraints highlighted in Myerson and Satterthwaite (1983). Quantitatively, findings indicate that over one-half of failed negotiations are cases where gains from trade exist, leading an efficiency loss of 12–23% of the available gains from trade.
A Rapid, Simple, Laboratory and Field-Adaptable DNA Extraction and Diagnostic Method Suitable for Insect-Transmitted Plant Pathogen and Insect Identification
Authors: Pusz-Bochenska Karolina , Perez-Lopez Edel , Dumonceaux Tim J. , Olivier Chrystel , Wist Tyler J.
Published: February 2020

Watch a presentation about this research by first author Karolina Pusz-Bochenska.

Surveillance for insect-transmitted pathogens of plants involves sampling insects in the field, followed by transport of the samples to the laboratory for DNA extraction and molecular analysis. Sample transport and DNA extraction are time consuming and can delay the implementation of measures to mitigate the effects of insect-transmitted plant pathogens. Looking for a fast and reliable method to extract DNA in the field where insects were collected, we used Flinders Technology Associates PlantSaver cards, which are designed for plant DNA extraction. Insect DNA extraction can be achieved in the field, and extracted DNA can be amplified using the field-adaptable method, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), in less than 1 h. Additionally, we demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of the paper extraction method for molecular identification to the species level using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 amplification and sequencing on 11 genera of insects including beetles, leafhoppers, flies, psyllids, and aphids. The method was suitable for insects collected using three common methods: live-trapped and frozen, stored in ethanol, or trapped on sticky cards. Moreover, by testing leafhoppers collected in 2018 in the field, we demonstrated that the LAMP assay using the chaperonin-60 target detects a higher proportion of samples positive for ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ than conventional PCR targeting 16S rRNA. Lastly, the paper extraction method was used to determine the prevalence of leafhoppers carrying the plant pathogenic bacterium ‘Ca. P. asteris’, which causes aster yellows from a laboratory-reared colony using PCR-based tests (conventional PCR, qPCR, and droplet digital PCR) and the non-PCR-based LAMP assay.
Unplanned Complex Suicide by Self-Stabbing and Rail Suicide
Authors: Kulkarni Chaitanya , Mohite Shailesh , Meshram Vikas
Published: February 2020

Investigation of a complex suicide is a challenging task, particularly when the combination of modalities adopted is rare and unplanned. There is often a significant likelihood of labeling the case as a homicide. We present an interesting case of unplanned complex suicide with self-stabbing and head injury resulting from intentionally being struck by a train. There were also hesitation cuts evident over the neck and left wrist. This case highlights the importance of studying the nature and characterization of the wounds, examination of clothes, and examination of the scene to safely conclude the cause and the manner of death.
Modular footwear that partially offsets downhill or uphill grades minimizes the metabolic cost of human walking
Authors: Antonellis Prokopios , Frederick Cory M. , Gonabadi Arash Mohammadzadeh , Malcolm Philippe
Published: February 2020

Walking on different grades becomes challenging on energetic and muscular levels compared to level walking. While it is not possible to eliminate the cost of raising or lowering the centre of mass (COM), it could be possible to minimize the cost of distal joints with shoes that offset downhill or uphill grades. We investigated the effects of shoe outsole geometry in 10 participants walking at 1 m s
−1
on downhill, level and uphill grades. Level shoes minimized metabolic rate during level walking (
P
second-order effect
< 0.001). However, shoes that entirely offset the (overall) treadmill grade did not minimize the metabolic rate of walking on grades: shoes with a +3° (upward) inclination minimized metabolic rate during downhill walking on a −6° grade, and shoes with a −3° (downward) inclination minimized metabolic rate during uphill walking on a +6° grade (
P
interaction effect
= 0.023). Shoe inclination influenced (distal) ankle joint parameters, including soleus muscle activity, ankle moment and work rate, whereas treadmill grade influenced (whole-body) ground reaction force and COM work rate as well as (distal) ankle joint parameters including tibialis anterior and plantarflexor muscle activity, ankle moment and work rate. Similar modular footwear could be used to minimize joint loads or assist with walking on rolling terrain.
Catalytic influence of 16-
s
-16 gemini surfactants on the rate constant of histidine and ninhydrin
Authors: Kumar Dileep , Rub Malik Abdul
Published: February 2020

The present paper reports the catalytic influence of 16-
s
-16 (spacer (
s
) = 4, 5, 6) gemini surfactants on the rate constant of histidine and ninhydrin at 343 K and pH 5.0 using the spectrophotometric technique. The effect of varying amounts of geminis was made on the rate constant of histidine and ninhydrin keeping other constituents constant. Characteristics of the rate constant (

k
ψ

) versus [gemini] depict the effect of surfactants on the rate constant. A systematic explanation about the effect of surfactants is revealed and discussed in the text. The influence of different parameters that includes [reactants], temperature and pH has also been performed on the study. In order to determine the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of pure surfactants and their solution mixtures, conductivity measurement was employed. By using the Eyring equation, activation parameters at different temperatures have been obtained. The resultant data of

k
ψ

versus [gemini] plot were rationalized with the pseudo-phase model of micelles.
Time cells in the human hippocampus and entorhinal cortex support episodic memory
Authors: Umbach Gray , Kantak Pranish , Jacobs Joshua , Kahana Michael , Pfeiffer Brad E. , Sperling Michael , Lega Bradley
Published: February 2020

The organization of temporal information is critical for the encoding and retrieval of episodic memories. In the rodent hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, recent evidence suggests that temporal information is encoded by a population of “time cells.” We identify time cells in humans using intracranial microelectrode recordings obtained from 27 human epilepsy patients who performed an episodic memory task. We show that time cell activity predicts the temporal organization of episodic memories. A significant portion of these cells exhibits phase precession, a key phenomenon not previously seen in human recordings. These findings establish a cellular mechanism for the representation of temporal information in the human brain needed to form episodic memories.
Class III peroxidases PRX01, PRX44, and PRX73 potentially target extensins during root hair growth inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Marzol Eliana , Borassi Cecilia , Ranocha Philippe , Aptekman Ariel. A. , Bringas Mauro , Pennington Janice , Paez-Valencia Julio , Pacheco Javier Martínez , Rodríguez Garcia Diana Rosa , del Carmen Rondón Guerrero Yossmayer , Carignani Mariana , Mangano Silvina , Fleming Margaret , Mishler-Elmore John W. , Blanco-Herrera Francisca , Bedinger Patricia , Dunand Christophe , Capece Luciana , Nadra Alejandro D. , Held Michael , Otegui Marisa S. , Estevez José M.
Published: February 2020

Root hair cells are important sensors of soil conditions. Expanding several hundred times their original size, root hairs grow towards and absorb water-soluble nutrients. This rapid growth is oscillatory and is mediated by continuous remodelling of the cell wall. Root hair cell walls contain polysaccharides and hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins including extensins (EXTs).

Class-III peroxidases (PRXs) are secreted into the apoplastic space and are thought to trigger either cell wall loosening, mediated by oxygen radical species, or polymerization of cell wall components, including the Tyr-mediated assembly of EXT networks (EXT-PRXs). The precise role of these EXT-PRXs is unknown.

Using genetic, biochemical, and modeling approaches, we identified and characterized three root hair-specific putative EXT-PRXs, PRX01, PRX44, and PRX73. The triple mutantprx01,44,73and the PRX44 and PRX73 overexpressors had opposite phenotypes with respect to root hair growth, peroxidase activity and ROS production with a clear impact on cell wall thickness.

Modeling and docking calculations suggested that these three putative EXT-PRXs may interact with non-O-glycosylated sections of EXT peptides that reduce the Tyr-to-Tyr intra-chain distances in EXT aggregates and thereby may enhance Tyr crosslinking. These results suggest that these three putative EXT-PRXs control cell wall properties during the polar expansion of root hair cells.
Deep phylo-taxono-genomics (DEEPT genomics) reveals misclassification ofXanthomonasspecies complexes intoXylella, StenotrophomonasandPseudoxanthomonas
Authors: Bansal Kanika , Kumar Sanjeet , Kaur Amandeep , Sharma Shikha , Patil Prashant , Patil Prabhu B.
Published: February 2020

GenusXanthomonasencompasses specialized group of phytopathogenic bacteria with generaXylella, StenotrophomonasandPseudoxanthomonasbeing its closest relatives. While species of generaXanthomonasandXylellaare known as serious phytopathogens, members of other two genera are found in diverse habitats with metabolic versatility of biotechnological importance. Few species ofStenotrophomonasare multidrug resistant opportunistic nosocomial pathogens. In the present study, we report genomic resource of genusPseudoxanthomonasand further in-depth comparative studies with publically available genome resources of other three genera. Surprisingly, based on deep phylo-taxono-genomic or DEEPT criteria, all the four genera were found to be one genus and hence synonyms ofXanthomonas. The members ofPseudoxanthomonasare more diverse and ancestral and rest forming two mega species groups (MSGs) i.e.Xanthomonas Xylella(XX-MSG) andStenotrophomonas(S-MSG). Within XX-MSG, there are 3 species complexes i.e.,X. citricomplex (Xcc) member species are primarily pathogenic to dicots,X. hyacinthicomplex (Xhc) member species are primarily pathogenic to monocots andXanthomonas(Xylella)fastidosacomplex (Xfc) with diverse phytopathogenic potential. Interestingly,Xylellaseems to be a variantXanthomonaslineage or species complex that is sandwiched between Xcc and Xhc. LikeXylella, within S-MSG, we find a species complex of clinical originXanthomonas(Stenotrophomonas)maltophiliacomplex (Xmc). Comparative studies revealed selection and role of xanthomonadin pigment and xanthan gum in emergence of plant pathogenic XX-MSG. Pan genome analysis also revealed large set of unique genes with particular functions suited for plant/animal lifestyle responsible for emergence of variant Xfc and Xmc species complexes. Overall, our systematic and large scale genera based study has allowed us to understand the origin and to clarify the taxonomic breadth of genus of high importance in agriculture, medicine and industry. Such DEEPT genomics studies are also way forward to identify right markers or functions for diagnosis and drug development of any pathogenic bacteria.

Repositories

Genome Submission Accession Number:

MWIP00000000, PDWO00000000, PDWN00000000, PDWT00000000, PDWS00000000, PDWW00000000, PDWU00000000, PDWR00000000, PDWL00000000, PDWQ00000000, PDWM00000000, PDWP00000000, PDWV00000000, PDWK00000000 and QOVG00000000
Structural insights into conformational switching in latency-associated peptide between transforming growth factor β-1 bound and unbound states
Authors: Stachowski Timothy R. , Snell Mary E. , Snell Edward H.
Published: February 2020

Transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFβ-1) is a secreted signalling protein that directs many cellular processes and is an attractive target for the treatment of several diseases. The primary endogenous activity regulatory mechanism for TGFβ-1 is sequestration by its pro-peptide, latency-associated peptide (LAP), which sterically prohibits receptor binding by caging TGFβ-1. As such, recombinant LAP is promising as a protein-based therapeutic for modulating TGFβ-1 activity; however, the mechanism of binding is incompletely understood. Comparison of the crystal structure of unbound LAP (solved here to 3.5 Å resolution) with that of the bound complex shows that LAP is in a more open and extended conformation when unbound to TGFβ-1. Analysis suggests a mechanism of binding TGFβ-1 through a large-scale conformational change that includes contraction of the inter-monomer interface and caging by the `straight-jacket' domain that may occur in partnership through a loop-to-helix transition in the core jelly-roll fold. This conformational change does not appear to include a repositioning of the integrin-binding motif as previously proposed. X-ray scattering-based modelling supports this mechanism and reveals possible orientations and ensembles in solution. Although native LAP is heavily glycosylated, solution scattering experiments show that the overall folding and flexibility of unbound LAP are not influenced by glycan modification. The combination of crystallography, solution scattering and biochemical experiments reported here provide insight into the mechanism of LAP sequestration of TGFβ-1 that is of fundamental importance for therapeutic development.
Mathematical aspects of molecular replacement. V. Isolating feasible regions in motion spaces
Authors: Shiffman Bernard , Lyu Shengnan , Chirikjian Gregory S.
Published: February 2020

This paper mathematically characterizes the tiny feasible regions within the vast 6D rotation–translation space in a full molecular replacement (MR) search. The capability toa prioriisolate such regions is potentially important for enhancing robustness and efficiency in computational phasing in macromolecular crystallography (MX). The previous four papers in this series have concentrated on the properties of the full configuration space of rigid bodies that move relative to each other with crystallographic symmetry constraints. In particular, it was shown that the configuration space of interest in this problem is the right-coset space Γ\G, where Γ is the space group of the chiral macromolecular crystal andGis the group of rigid-body motions, and that fundamental domainsFΓ\Gcan be realized in many ways that have interesting algebraic and geometric properties. The cost function in MR methods can be viewed as a function on these fundamental domains. This, the fifth and final paper in this series, articulates the constraints that bodies packed with crystallographic symmetry must obey. It is shown that these constraints define a thin feasible set inside a motion space and that they fall into two categories: (i) the bodies must not interpenetrate, thereby excluding so-called `collision zones' from consideration in MR searches; (ii) the bodies must be in contact with a sufficient number of neighbors so as to form a rigid network leading to a physically realizable crystal. In this paper, these constraints are applied using ellipsoidal proxies for proteins to bound the feasible regions. It is shown that the volume of these feasible regions is small relative to the total volume of the motion space, which justifies the use of ellipsoids as proxies for complex proteins in MR searches, and this is demonstrated withP1 (the simplest space group) and withP212121(the most common space group in MX).
Professional voices on risk and accidents in home care – a Swedish survey study
Authors: Lundälv Jörgen , Malmqvist Inga , Thodelius Charlotta
Published: February 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to find out what knowledge and experience of occupational therapists, personal assistants and public health nurses/nurses in Sweden can contribute concerning the vulnerability of residents to injury in different residential care-settings.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is based on an online survey. A total of 832 individuals responded to the survey. The data were analyzed from a mixed-method approach, using descriptive statistics, correlations and textual-analysis.

Findings

More than one in four representatives of these professions had witnessed accidents. The results show that bedrooms and bathrooms are the rooms in which accidents are most likely to occur in homes.

Research limitations/implications

One limitation of the study is that the impact of educational initiatives on the different professions was not investigated, so it is not possible to ascertain what effect this may have had on risk identification and accident prevention measures in residential care-settings.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no prior study of these issues has been conducted. This study is deemed to have significant social benefit because of the steadily increasing need for care in residential settings. No other study has addressed the importance of the physical environment in this context. Collaborations involving researchers from various disciplines, professional organizations and public and private sector employers involved in personal assistance have contributed specific knowledge.
Antecedents of green purchase behaviour: an examination of altruism and environmental knowledge
Authors: Wang Lei , Wong Philip Pong Weng , Narayanan Alagas Elangkovan
Published: February 2020

Purpose

Prior studies mostly investigated the relationship between the cognitive characteristics of individuals and their pro-environmentalism, addressing the need for green hotel operators to understand the different green purchase patterns of consumers. The problem is that, although consumers claim they are concerned about environmental issues, their purchasing behaviour does not translate, in practical terms, into actually booking green hotels. In other words, the connection between altruism, environmental knowledge and consumer visiting green hotel is fairly unexplored in the literature. This study aims to analyze the relationships of three types of altruism and two types of environmental knowledge with attitude and intention.

Design/methodology/approach

An integrated theoretical research model was used, based on the value–belief–norm theory of environmentalism. The collection of 248 questionnaires was followed by subsequent empirical testing of the proposed hypotheses, which was performed using SPSS and AMOS.

Findings

The resulting outcomes show a significant positive relationship between green purchase attitude and intention. Further, the biospheric, altruistic and collectivistic values, as well as subjective and objective knowledge were shown to positively influence attitude and intention towards green hotel selection, respectively.

Research limitations/implications

Because of the chosen online sampling method, the research results may lack generalizability. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further.

Originality/value

This paper fulfils an identified need to study how visiting green hotel can be influenced by different types of altruism and environmental knowledge.
Measuring tourism-led growth hypothesis in Indonesia
Authors: Suryandaru Reinardus
Published: February 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the long-run relationship and causality between economic activity and inbound tourism in the context of the Indonesian economy with a new quantitative methodology.

Design/methodology/approach

This research applies a new modified bounds testing approach of Pesaran et al. (2001) by Kripfganz and Schneider (2018) with the period of observation from 1974 to 2017.

Findings

The results suggest that there is a unidirectional causality from economic activity to inbound tourism.

Research limitations/implications

This research applies the linear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model and only uses bivariate variables to examine the existence of the tourism-led growth hypothesis. Further studies for the Indonesian case may apply a nonlinear ARDL model. Also, the addition of other socio-economic variables, especially those related to domestic tourism activity, can be applied to improve the model.

Practical implications

This work will provide an alternative quantitative methodology for scholars in studying the relationship between tourism and economic variables.

Social implications

The findings in this research can complement touristic-public policy decision, and the methodology may be important for knowledge transfer.

Originality/value

This is the first quantitative study to measure tourism-led growth hypothesis in Indonesia by using the latest modified bounds testing approach.
Interorganizational learning for R&D consortium performance: a social capital perspective
Authors: Seo Ribin
Published: February 2020

Purpose

How beneficial is interorganizational learning for research and development (R&D) consortium performance, and what factors drive the learning effectiveness? To answer these underexplored topics, this study aims to investigate the relationship between interorganizational learning and consortium performance and the moderating impact of social capital embedded in the consortia on the relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the literature review conducted, interorganizational learning is conceptualized as a multidimensional construct represented by exploitative and exploratory learning at the consortium level. R&D consortium performance is operationalized as a combination of technological and business performance, corresponding, respectively, to its collective outputs and individual outcomes. This study hypothesizes focusing on technological performance while analyzing business performance for the robustness check.

Findings

The hypotheses are tested in an original sample of 218 R&D consortium projects in which Korean ventures participated as focal partners. The results show that both exploitative and exploratory learnings are positively related to R&D consortium performance, and social capital accrued in the consortia leverages the advantages of exploratory learning for technological performance and exploitative learning for business performance.

Originality/value

This study adds new evidence to the literature, suggesting the performing-by-partnering mechanism of R&D consortia is contingent on the social capital that institutionalizes the common learning platform in which the partners interoperate. In practical respects, the combination of interorganizational learning and social capital deserves to be regarded as strategic elements for the value-cocreating consortia, requiring the true exchange of knowledge across partners.
Leveraging stakeholders’ knowledge in new service development: a dynamic approach
Authors: Pellizzoni Elena , Trabucchi Daniel , Frattini Federico , Buganza Tommaso , Di Benedetto Anthony
Published: February 2020

Purpose

This study aims to shed lights on the dynamics of involving and sharing knowledge with stakeholders in the process of new service development (NSD) over time.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on a paradigmatic case focused on the development of the digital MBA program by the School of Management of Politecnico di Milano. Primary and secondary data have been largely collected and analyzed, involving multiple stakeholders of the development process.

Findings

This study describes how several stakeholders have been involved during the phase of the NSD process, showing two variables that ruled their involvement: the level of control exerted by the School on the stakeholders and the level of flexibility of the stakeholders.

Research limitations/implications

This research offers insights to the understanding of the dynamics of involving and sharing knowledge with multiple-stakeholders in NSD. From a theoretical perspective, it contributes to stakeholder theory linking it with the service management literature, highlighting the role of cyclical fluctuations in the involvement activities.

Practical implications

This research offers insights to managers dealing with the development of new services, offering them a novel view on how various stakeholders may be involved over time, in different moment and in different ways, to properly enhance the development process thanks to their knowledge sharing.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the service management literature emphasizing the role of multiple stakeholders while providing insights and suggestions to manage the complex relationships created by their involvement and their knowledge.
Design and characterization of tunable three-dimensional acoustic composite metamaterials
Authors: Lin Guochang , Hu Chaonan , Cong Lin , Yao Yongtao
Published: February 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to developing a kind of acoustic metamaterial with wide frequency band especially in low frequency region. At the same time, its the tunability of sound insulation frequency is achieved.

Design/methodology/approach

A three-dimensional (3D) acoustic metamaterial consisting of rigid frame, spherical attachment and thin film is proposed. The material parameters and the effect of the attachment hole on the forbidden band are investigated by finite element simulation. The sound insulation effect of the structure is validated by the combination of simulation and experiment.

Findings

The results show that the elastic modulus of the structural material determines the initial frequency of the forbidden band of the proposed 3D acoustic metamaterials. The lower the elastic modulus of the structural material, the lower the initial frequency of the forbidden band. The material parameters of the frame mainly affect the initial frequency of the first forbidden band, and the material parameters of the attachment will affect both the initial and termination frequency of the first forbidden band. Holes in the attachments reduce the band gap width. The characteristic curve moves down with the increase of subtracted mass.

Research limitations/implications

The findings may greatly benefit the application of the acoustic metamaterials in the fields of sound insulation and noise reduction.

Originality/value

This acoustic metamaterial structure has excellent sound insulation performance. At the same time, the single cell structure can be assembled into any shape. The structure can achieve sound selective filtering and combination control.
Investigating internal market orientation: is context relevant?
Authors: Yu Qionglei , Barnes Bradley R. , Ye Yu
Published: February 2020

Purpose

Through undertaking qualitative research within different industrial contexts, the study aims to address the following: How do practitioners in non-service organisations interpret internal market orientation (IMO); How is IMO practiced within an eastern cultural context; and What are the outcomes of its implementation?

Design/methodology/approach

The study examines three organisations from three different industries and draws on nine in-depth interviews with people across various levels within each organisation.

Findings

The study reveals that: a) senior management commitment should be included in the design of IMO at the strategic level; b) effective responsiveness to internal information collected is crucial to its success; c) creative ways to meet internal customers’ needs and expectations are contextualised; and d) cultural nuances need to be considered when applying IMO.

Research limitations/implications

Choosing a multiple-case study approach provides in-depth explanations; however, such an approach may lead to less generalisability.

Practical implications

The study advocates that a) some degree of resources are needed to ensure that IMO can be fully implemented and employee welfare enhanced; b) creativity is required for each organisational context responding to employees’ needs, expectations, complaints or ideas; and c) removing unnecessary barriers can help to foster better interdepartmental relationships and, thus, improve work procedures and employee satisfaction.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by developing a framework to signal the importance of IMO as a facilitator for better firm communication and performance. Contextualised IMO practices from the cases may shed further light on specific best practice.
The cannabis industry within the USA: the influence of gender on cannabis policy and sales
Authors: Camors Casey , Chavez Stacy L. , Romi Andrea M.
Published: February 2020

Purpose

Motivated by upper echelon theory, this paper aims to examine the association between gender and the cannabis industry in the USA from both policy and an organizational perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper examines two novel data sets in two legal adult-use cannabis states. First, it examines how city council gender diversity relates to city opt-out measure decisions, barring cannabis operations and forgoing related tax revenues. Second, it examines how management gender diversity relates to organizational performance.

Findings

Results suggest that, from a policy perspective, cities with higher council gender diversity are less likely to propose an opt-out measure to city taxpayers. From an organizational perspective, results suggest that female representation at the highest level is associated with higher sales in the retail sector of the cannabis industry.

Research limitations/implications

Findings are somewhat limited by data availability and may not be generalizable to all adult-use legal states. While the study recognizes the possibility of self-selection bias in the results, robust analyses is performed to limit this possibility. Finally, while the study wholly recognizes that gender is not binary, it is limited to a binary gender variable based on the gender recognition software used in this study. It is also understood that this may not accurately capture the richness of a more inclusive examination of gender.

Practical implications

Results from this study inform communities on the impact of city council gender diversity on policy outcomes and related tax revenue levels. Further, results inform the adult-use cannabis industry on benefits derived from executive-level gender diversity.

Social implications

Evidence suggests that gender diversity has a significant impact on the adoption of legalized adult-use cannabis policy. Social benefits from legalization potentially include increased revenues from taxes, decreased spending on cannabis enforcement, decreased health costs and decreased drug-related violence. Many of these benefits substantially impact communities disproportionally burdened by former prohibition. Additionally, the results indicate that gender is associated with the level of sales within cannabis organizations, generating debate about the possibility of economic performance in the absence of historical executive gender barriers.

Originality/value

This paper provides an initial empirical examination of gender diversity within and around the rapidly evolving adult-use cannabis industry in the USA.
Utopian visions or dystopian prospects for tourism? A perspective article
Authors: Gössling Stefan
Published: February 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to show how continued failure for tourism to address its global impacts is likely to imply the end of tourism as we know it.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is an opinion piece that discusses tourism out of the global situation in spring 2019.

Findings

Tourism is about to undermine its own future, largely as a failure of UNWTO and ICAO to address environmental challenges. Ignorance and disinterest continue to characterize supranational and business organizations such as WTTC.

Originality/value

The text is intended to be a wakeup call.
Extraction of knowledge from open government data
Authors: Mohamed Mona , Pillutla Sharma , Tomasi Stella
Published: February 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to establish a new conceptual iterative framework for extracting knowledge from open government data (OGD). OGD is becoming a major source for knowledge and innovation to generate economic value, if properly used. However, currently there are no standards or frameworks for applying knowledge continuum tactics, techniques and procedures (TTPs) to improve elicit knowledge extraction from OGD in a consistent manner.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is based on a comprehensive review of literature on both OGD and knowledge management (KM) frameworks. It provides insights into the extraction of knowledge from OGD by using a vast array of phased KM TTPs into the OGD lifecycle phases.

Findings

The paper proposes a knowledge iterative value network (KIVN) as a new conceptual model that applies the principles of KM on OGD. KIVN operates through applying KM TTPs to transfer and transform discrete data into valuable knowledge.

Research limitations/implications

This model covers the most important knowledge elicitation steps; however, users who are interested in using KIVN phases may need to slightly customize it based on their environment and OGD policy and procedure.

Practical implications

After its validation, the model allows facilitating systemic manipulation of OGD for both data-consuming industries and data-producing governments to establish new business models and governance schemes to better make use of OGD.

Originality/value

This paper offers new perspectives on eliciting knowledge from OGD and discussing crucial, but overlooked area of the OGD arena, namely, knowledge extraction through KM principles.