bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Two Audio-Recording Methods for Remote Collection of Vocal Biomarkers Indicative of Tobacco Smoking Harm
Authors: Glover Marewa , Duhamel Marie-France
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to determine if self-complete at-home recordings could produce audio samples of sufficient quality for use in voice analysis software, and if audio samples of similar or sufficient quality could be extracted from audio-recorded naturalistic phone interviews. Data were obtained from 31 adults aged 18 years and over who smoked. The /a/ sound segment was manually isolated, and analysis functions were used to produce the following values: fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, noise ratio, formant 3, and formant 4. The /a/ sound segment was then manually isolated from audio recordings of naturalistic interviews previously conducted by phone. These were analysed in the same way and compared for quality against Evistr-recorded audio samples from the same participants. A third audio sample consisted of an Evistr or phone-recorded sustained phonation of the /a/ sound. Means and standard deviations were calculated for the target vocal parameters. Statistical comparisons for quality of sound segment were conducted for readings, interviews, and vowel phonation and for sound signals extracted via both recording methods. Self-recording by adults who smoked provided audio samples of sufficient quality for analysis of vocal features that have been associated with a clinical outcome. The values obtained for sustained phonation audio samples displayed the least perturbation and noise for the vocal parameters surveyed. Sound signals recorded with smartphones appeared to be affected by electronic interference but have potential for use in diagnostic tools for measuring vocal parameters.
Single-Crystal Nickel-Based Cathodes: Fundamentals and Recent Advances
Authors: Lu Shi-jie , Tang Lin-bo , Wei Han-xin , Huang Ying-de , Yan Cheng , He Zhen-jiang , Li Yun-jiao , Mao Jing , Dai Kehua , Zheng Jun-chao
Published: September 2022

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) represent the most promising choice for meeting the ever-growing demand of society for various electric applications, such as electric transportation, portable electronics, and grid storage. Nickel-rich layered oxides have largely replaced LiCoO2 in commercial batteries because of their low cost, high energy density, and good reliability. Traditional nickel-based oxide particles, usually called polycrystal materials, are composed of microsized primary particles. However, polycrystal particles tend to suffer from pulverization and severe side reactions along grain boundaries during cycling. These phenomena accelerate cell degradation. Single-crystal materials, which exhibit robust mechanical strength and a high surface area, have great potential to address the challenges that hinder their polycrystal counterparts. A comprehensive understanding of the growing body of research related to single-crystal materials is imperative to improve the performance of cathodes in LIBs. This review highlights origins, recent developments, challenges, and opportunities for single-crystal layered oxide cathodes. The synthesis science behind single-crystal materials and comparative studies between single-crystal and polycrystal materials are discussed in detail. Industrial techniques and facilities are also reviewed in combination with our group’s experiences in single-crystal research. Future development should focus on facile production with strong control of the particle size and distribution, structural defects, and impurities to fully reap the benefits of single-crystal materials.

Graphical abstract
Electrospun polyetherimide nanofibers with reduced graphene oxide-zeolitic imidazolate framework for conductivity improvement
Authors: Hussain Mohamed Hasaan , Abu Bakar Noor Fitrah , Chung Michael , Khalid Nurul Faizatul Nadia , Othman Nur Hidayati , Tan Huey Ling , Osman Mohamed Syazwan , Lockman Zainovia , Radacsi Norbert
Published: September 2022

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) combined with zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF), i.e., rGO-ZIF incorporated with polyetherimide (PEI) electrospun nanofiber, was produced using the electrospinning technique. The produced nanofibers had high porosity with enhanced conductivity. The ionic conductivity, porosity, morphology, and diameter of rGO-ZIF nanofiber were optimized by manipulating the weight percentage of rGO-ZIF and PEI in the electrospinning solution. Morphology, porosity, and contact angle analyses revealed that the 30 wt% PEI with 0.3 wt% of rGO-ZIF can produce nanofibers without beads with 136.3 ± 35 nm mean diameter and porosity of around 92.3%. Furthermore, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis revealed that with the addition of 0.3 wt% of rGO-ZIF, charge transfer resistance decreased, and the ionic conductivity of PEI nanofibers increased to 5.23 × 10–4 S/cm, nearly 200 times higher than the ionic conductivity of pure PEI nanofibers. The excellent ionic conductivity, low charge transfer resistance, and high porosity of electrospun rGO-ZIF/PEI-based composite nanofibers make them suitable for electrochemical sensing electrode applications.
Fe2(SO4)3-assisted anaerobic digestion of pig manure: the performance of biogas yield and heavy metal passivation
Authors: Zhou Min , Li Yun , Sun Rui , Fan Xinsheng , Li Yucheng , Zhang Xuesheng
Published: September 2022

The harmless disposal and recycling treatment technology of livestock manure has received increasing attention in recent years. In this study, Fe2(SO4)3 was added during anaerobic digestion (AD) of pig manure (PM) to investigate the effects of different doses of Fe2(SO4)3 on biogas yield and heavy metal passivation. The results showed that the highest biogas yield was observed after adding a moderate dose of Fe2(SO4)3 (3%, based on the total solids), while the elevated result was inhibited as the Fe2(SO4)3 dosage increased. The analysis of solid digestate (solid matter remaining after AD) revealed that AD effectively passivated Cu, Zn, and As, which can be further improved with the addition of Fe2(SO4)3. However, the passivated Cd performance during this process was negligible. Furthermore, seed germination index (GI) trial results indicated that Fe2(SO4)3-assisted AD reduced the toxicity of end products to plants. To summarize, AD assisted by the addition of an appropriate amount of Fe2(SO4)3 is feasible to treat PM, and the addition of Fe2(SO4)3 at 3% was the most economic and environmental-friendly. This work could provide useful methods for the control of heavy metal pollution in the soil.

Article highlights

Adding 3% dose of Fe2(SO4)3 could increase methane yield by 66.76%.

Fe2(SO4)3-assisted AD passivated HMs and reduced their bioavailability.

The 3% Fe2(SO4)3-assisted AD significantly reduced the toxicity of end products to plants.
NISQ computing: where are we and where do we go?
Authors: Lau Jonathan Wei Zhong , Lim Kian Hwee , Shrotriya Harshank , Kwek Leong Chuan
Published: September 2022

In this short review article, we aim to provide physicists not working within the quantum computing community a hopefully easy-to-read introduction to the state of the art in the field, with minimal mathematics involved. In particular, we focus on what is termed theNoisy Intermediate Scale Quantumera of quantum computing. We describe how this is increasingly seen to be a distinct phase in the development of quantum computers, heralding an era where we have quantum computers that are capable of doing certain quantum computations in a limited fashion, and subject to certain constraints and noise. We further discuss the prominent algorithms that are believed to hold the most potential for this era, and also describe the competing physical platforms on which to build a quantum computer that have seen the most success so far. We then talk about the applications that are most feasible in the near-term, and finish off with a short discussion on the state of the field. We hope that as non-experts read this article, it will give context to the recent developments in quantum computers that have garnered much popular press, and help the community understand how to place such developments in the timeline of quantum computing.
Radical Religion and Laudian Rites: Baptists and the Imposition of Hands in Revolutionary England
Authors: Bingham Matthew C.
Published: September 2022

This article argues that the radical religious movements emerging during the English Revolution were indebted to a wider range of influences than is commonly assumed. This overarching argument is advanced through a close examination of a specific religious rite practiced by English General Baptists during the 1640s and 1650s: during this period, many General Baptists began to lay hands upon newly baptized converts as an initiatory liturgical rite. While this phenomenon has been widely noted, the full significance of the practice has not been fully appreciated due to both a failure of scholars to adequately locate the rite within a broader historical and theological context and a cluster of interpretive errors that have persisted throughout the literature. Though commonly interpreted as an example of radical puritanism, the Baptist imposition of hands is better understood as a radical reappropriation of confirmation as practiced in the Church of England, and more specifically, a reinterpretation of confirmation as it was pioneered by Laudian divines during the 1630s. By illuminating ways in which the General Baptist practice of laying on of hands echoed a High Church Laudian sacramentalism typically not associated with religious radicalism, this article broadens understanding of the provenance of radical religious ideology during the mid-seventeenth century and further evidences the dizzying theological eclecticism of the period.
The Decline of Comprehension in the Church of England, 1689–1750
Authors: Walsh Ashley
Published: September 2022

Following several attempts to fashion a broad-based national church from the Church of England by reforming the Act of Uniformity (1662), the failed Comprehension Bill that accompanied the Toleration Act (1689) was the final such proposal tabled in Parliament. Although historians have examined moments when comprehension reappeared in eighteenth-century confessional discourse, less attention has been paid to connecting these moments within England's long Reformation and to explaining why the prospects for comprehension remained so dim. Its supporters claimed the Elizabethan via media in church and state to fashion a national church within a godly commonwealth by uniting Anglicans with “moderate” Dissenters. However, the High Church campaign against the practice of occasional conformity meant that comprehension ceased to be a viable political proposition by the time of the Tory landslide of 1710 and the passage of the Occasional Conformity Act (1711). The development of the culture of “free enquiry” among Dissenters further widened the gulf between them and the establishment, reinforcing the aspiration of the established church's Whig leaders for harmonious coexistence rather than unity. Despite its failure as a political proposition, Whig churchmen and moderate Dissenters continued to idealize comprehension due to their (albeit loosening) Hookerian commitment to unity in church and state.
An Economic Evaluation of the Health and Agricultural Damages Caused by Copper Mining in Chile
Authors: Campos Levi , Mardones Cristian
Published: September 2022

This study assesses the environmental damage caused by copper mining on surface water bodies in Chile. The few official records on the discharges and concentrations of arsenic and copper only allow for identifying the impacts of some mining operations in the regions of Coquimbo, Valparaíso, and O’Higgins. The economic valuation is carried out through the impact pathway approach, which relates copper production, discharges, concentrations, and dose-response coefficients to establish effects on health and agriculture. The results show that the economic damage due to water pollution occurs mainly in the regions of Coquimbo and O’Higgins. The above is explained because the greatest externalities are generated in agricultural areas, while the damage to health is low because of the small population exposed (97.6% versus 2.4%). Finally, total damages represent 0.43%, 0.26%, and 0.0001% of copper sales in the mining operations analyzed in the regions of Coquimbo, O’Higgins, and Valparaíso, respectively.
Scalar Struggles: The Selectivity of Development Governance in Southern Mexico
Authors: Lehmann Rosa , Jenss Alke
Published: September 2022

So-called development projects in rural Mexico are heavily contested. Changes in institutional design have had little effect in mediating the exclusivity of the political decision-making processes defining such projects. Why, and how, has the Mexican state been able to maintain a developmentalist agenda, despite growing pressures to incorporate participatory development institutions and consult Indigenous peoples about development projects? This article introduces the geographic concept of scale and the concept of the state’s heterogeneous selectivities into debates on participation to study the politics of development projects. It analyzes the potential and existing obstacles to political participation for Indigenous networks and activists in the corresponding planning processes across institutional scales, examining protest against wind energy development in the state of Oaxaca and the project of “rural cities” in the state of Chiapas. Rather than two separate cases for comparison, both examples represent different planning processes involving the same heterogeneous state and the same promise of progress.
Narrar con los ojos de la memoria: Sangre en el ojo (2012) de Lina Meruane y El trabajo de los ojos (2017) de Mercedes Halfon
Authors: Bukhalovskaya Alena
Published: September 2022

En el presente artículo se analiza cómo la chilena Lina Meruane, en Sangre en el ojo (2012), y la argentina Mercedes Halfon, en El trabajo de los ojos (2017), elaboran una narración fragmentada mediante las voces de dos protagonistas con problemas de visión. El punto de vista de las narradoras se vuelve vacilante, mostrando el esqueleto mecánico de una construcción literaria artificiosa, alertando al lector de que se encuentra ante un testimonio determinado por las experiencias y la forma de mirar de un personaje que, por tanto, es una ficción y como tal es susceptible de resultar alterada e incluso falseada. Es decir, las autoras desafían al lector a sumergirse en un texto cuyo lenguaje se enfrenta a la problemática vulnerabilidad de un cuerpo anormal. De esta manera, estos relatos son las historias de dos mujeres, que lejos de adoptar un rol de víctimas, toman una postura empoderada y resistente ante el sistema, a pesar de sus problemas de visión, a través de unos textos que presentan un lenguaje y estructura alterados.
En estricto aislamiento: La invasión estadounidense y la medicalización de la lepra en Puerto Rico, 1898–1903
Authors: Salcedo-Chirinos César Augusto
Published: September 2022

En este artículo se analizan las circunstancias históricas en las cuales cambiaron, tanto el discurso médico como la atención que se daba a las personas con lepra en Puerto Rico. Se toma como punto de partida la invasión estadounidense de 1898 y su proyecto de transformación de la salud pública de la isla. Como parte de estos cambios se identifica un nuevo modelo de atención para los contagiados, basado en la idea del aislamiento. De esta manera, las autoridades sanitarias se distanciaban de la teoría de la herencia, la que se había manejado con anterioridad a esa fecha. Se argumenta que ese aislamiento fue expresión de la política colonialista del momento. Se quiere mostrar que la rigurosidad del nuevo modelo de atención transformó la vida de aquellos enfermos, los cuales pasaron de convivir con sus familias, a recluirse en un islote. Este proceso de transformación fue iniciado particularmente por los médicos del Marine Hospital Service.
Crust–mantle interactions in Zijinshan ore field identified by zircon SIMS U–Pb age and zircon Hf–O isotopes
Authors: Zhang Wen-Hui , Yan Shuai-Qi , Wang Li-Yuan
Published: September 2022

This study presents zircon U–Pb geochronology and Hf and O isotope data for granitic rocks in the Zijinshan ore field, southwestern Fujian Province, China. The intrusive rocks comprise monzogranite, granite and granodiorite. The magmatic zircon U–Pb ages from these granitic rocks can be divided into four episodes: episodes 1 (157.9–159.9 Ma) and 2 (141 Ma) in the Late Jurassic and episodes 3 (108.1–103.2 Ma) and 4 (97.5–99.7 Ma) in the Middle and Late Cretaceous, respectively. Patterns of rare-earth elements (REE) show enrichment in light REE and obvious negative Eu anomalies. These rocks are also enriched in Rb, Th, U, La, Ce, Nd and Hf, and depleted in Ba, Nb, Sr, P and Ti. The increasing La/Yb ratio and decreasing heavy REE content with decreasing age may imply an increasing contribution of mantle-derived materials from the Late Jurassic to Cretaceous. The zircon ϵHf(t) and δ18O values, ranging from −37.7 to −2.8 and 12.0 ‰ to 6.3 ‰, respectively, indicate that the lower crust is an important source of granitic rocks. There was a significant increase in ϵHf(t) values and a decrease in δ18O values in the younger magmatic episodes (3 and 4), which ranged from −11.4 to −0.6 and 10.7 to 6.3 ‰, respectively. This suggests an increasing contribution of mantle-derived magma to the crustal melts from the Late Jurassic to late Early Cretaceous in response to the changing regional tectonic setting from compression to extension and an increasing interaction between the crust and mantle.
CONSTITUTIONAL TRADITIONS AS BOUNDARIES IN STANDARDISING ADMINISTRATIVE RULEMAKING THROUGH TRADE AGREEMENTS
Authors: Liu Han-Wei , Lin Ching-Fu
Published: September 2022

Pioneered by the US, recent mega-regional trade agreements such as the CPTPP have incorporated ‘regulatory coherence’ provisions—mirroring the US Administrative Procedural Act's core designs—to balance between domestic regulatory autonomy and international cooperation. Building upon existing literature that traces the trajectories of the diffusion of regulatory coherence across jurisdictions, this article analyses how Australia's constitutional tradition could effectively condition the development of regulatory coherence in a Westminster-based model of governance. It is argued that the global entrenchment of regulatory coherence is contingent upon the inherent boundary defined by the political dynamics and constitutional structures within a jurisdiction.
Grete Mostny and the Making of Indigenous Archaeology: European Immigration, White Racial Hegemony, and Chilean Nationalism
Authors: Erker Linda
Published: September 2022

Forced migration as a reaction to National Socialism represents individual as well as simultaneously collective, transnational, and global experiences. Not only identity-forming categories but also forms of knowledge are profoundly reshaped by processes of displacement and resettlement. The paper argues that the biography of the archaeologist Grete Mostny (1914–91) offers an exemplary case study of such processes of adaptation on individual, collective, and academic levels. Due to her escape from Austria to Chile as a persecuted Jew in 1938/39, Mostny's identity as a white European (female) scholar attained a whole new significance and became the door opener for her interdisciplinary career at the interface of archaeology and anthropology in her new homeland. Her research in Chile was a product of a global event—namely mass forced emigration from Europe—as well as of factors on the micro level, such as her European descent and her academic education, which gave her certain privileges in her new environment. When Mostny arrived in Chile in 1939, a new European and U.S. hegemony had already begun to dominate academia in the country, which was trying to modernise itself and move from the academic periphery closer to the centre. Mostny, the once racially persecuted scholar, fit well in this process by making use of her “European” knowledge and her networks. In 1954 she received international attention when she put together a pioneering interdisciplinary research team to study El Niño del Cerro El Plomo, a four-hundred-year-old Inca mummy found in the Andes five thousand metres above sea level. Nationally, Mostny's study contributed, beyond all measure, to the Andean state's identity, as it re-evaluated and enhanced Chile's prehistory. In a time of political and social tensions in Chile, the rediscovery of its Indigenous prehistory—even by a foreign white scholar—helped to overcome the old shadows of colonial historical research, perhaps because in the immediate present the Indigenous movement in Chile offered little potential for consensus. This article uses Mostny's transnational biography as a lens through which to detect these connected histories and entangled hegemonies in the fields of anthropology and archaeology, which have become instrumental in the formation of Chile's national identity. Moreover, the paper shows that the category of race played a central role in the field of knowledge production and career development, not only for Grete Mostny.
“One China” and the Cross-Taiwan Strait Commitment Problem
Authors: Lin Dalton
Published: September 2022

Fifty years after the current “one China” framework emerged in international politics, the cross-Taiwan Strait “one China” dispute has transformed from its historical nature of indivisible sovereignty. As Taipei has stopped competing internationally to represent “China” since 1991, Beijing now worries that compromising its “one-China principle” in cross-Strait reconciliation would enhance Taiwan's separate statehood internationally and enable the island to push towards de jure independence. In contrast, Taipei worries that any perceived concessions on the question of “one China” would enhance China's sovereignty claim over Taiwan and enable Beijing to push for unification coercively with fewer concerns about international backlash. Improved cross-Strait relations thus rely on circumventing this quintessential commitment problem in international politics.
Multi-nutrient interventions and cognitive ageing: are we barking up the right tree?
Authors: Young Hayley A , Geurts Lucie , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Benton David , Brennan Lorraine , Farrimond Jonathan , Kiliaan Amanda J. , Pooler Amy , Trovò Laura , Sijben John , Vauzour David
Published: September 2022

As we continue to elucidate the mechanisms underlying age-related brain diseases, the reductionist strategy in nutrition–brain function research has focused on establishing the impact of individual foods. However, the biological processes connecting diet and cognition are complex. Therefore, consideration of a combination of nutritional compounds may be most efficacious. One barrier to establishing the efficacy of multi-nutrient interventions is that the area lacks an established set of evidence-based guidelines for studying their effect on brain health. This review is an output of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Europe. A multi-disciplinary expert group was assembled with the aim of developing a set of considerations to guide research into the effects of multi-nutrient combinations on brain functions. Consensus recommendations converged on six key issues that should be considered to advance research in this area: (1) establish working mechanisms of the combination and contributions of each individual compound; (2) validate the relevance of the mechanisms for the targeted human condition; (3) include current nutrient status, intake or dietary pattern as inclusion/exclusion criteria in the study design; (4) select a participant population that is clinically and biologically appropriate for all nutritional components of the combination; (5) consider a range of cognitive outcomes; (6) consider the limits of reductionism and the ‘gold standard’ randomised controlled trial. These guiding principles will enhance our understanding of the interactive/complementary activities of dietary components, thereby strengthening the evidence base for recommendations aimed at delaying cognitive decline.
Im Demenzlabyrinth
Authors: Zauner Albin
Published: September 2022

Kann man in Zeichnungen erzählen, wie Menschen mit Demenz ihren Alltag erleben, bewältigen oder daran scheitern? Dem Kunsttherapeuten Albin Zauner ist dieses Kunststück geglückt. Er verdichtet in seinen Zeichnungen die Eindrücke seiner 15-jährigen Arbeit mit Menschen mit Demenz in Bildern, die Bände erzählen. Die Bildgeschichte und -erzählung „Im Demenzlabyrinth“ umfasst rund 80 Zeichnungen und ist eine der ersten Graphic Novels zum Thema Demenz. Zauner erzählt in seiner Bildergeschichte von den Erfahrungen eines Schriftstellers, der an einer Alzheimer-Demenz erkrankt ist. Im Vordergrund steht nicht die medizinisch-pathologisierende Sicht des Krankheitsbildes oder -verlaufs, sondern die innere Erlebniswelt des Protagonisten. Die existenziellen Auswirkungen des Verlustes von räumlicher und zeitlicher Orientierung, von Gedächtnisausfällen und Sprachzerfall, durchdringen in symbolischen Bildsequenzen die Erlebniswelt des alten Mannes. Einsam sitzt er mit einer flüchtigen Ahnung von Erinnerung an sein früheres Leben, in seinem Garten oder in den Räumen seines Hauses, die ihm zusehends fremd werden. Das große Abenteuer seines Helden besteht in einfachsten Alltagsschritten. Selbst im eigenen Zuhause erwarten ihn hinter so mancher Türe die er öffnet, plötzlich fremde Räume und verwirrende Situationen. Auch im lange gehegten Garten, lauern seltsame Ereignisse und eine letzte Umrundung des Hauses, wird zu einer Odyssee durch vollkommen entfremdete Regionen. Im Anhang der Bildererzählung ergänzt ein kurzer Text des Zeichners Informationen zur Entstehung des Werkes,
Neuropsychologie des idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndroms
Authors: Leplow Bernd , Ringendahl Hubert
Published: September 2022

In diesem Band werden zunächst Klinik, Ätiologie und ein somatisch-neuropsychologisches Störungsmodell des idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndroms erläutert. Neben der Parkinson-Demenz und den vielfältigen anderen kognitiven Besonderheiten werden zudem parkinson-typische psychische Beschwerden und Störungen wie Depression, Angst und Impulskontrollstörungen thematisiert. Auch auf die krankheitsspezifischen Belastungen und die Beeinträchtigung der Lebensqualität sowie die Fahrtauglichkeit der Betroffenen wird eingegangen. Ausführlich wird das adäquate Vorgehen bei den unterschiedlichen neuropsychologisch-diagnostischen Fragestellungen geschildert. Für die neuropsychologische Therapie werden restitutive Ansätze, kombinierte Trainings kognitiver und motorischer Funktionen, Verfahren mit Alltagstransfer und heimbasierte Ansätze sowie bewältigungsorientierte Zugänge beschrieben. Hinweise zum Vorgehen bei spezifischen Indikationen (verschiedene Krankheitsphasen, behaviorale Medikamentennebenwirkungen etc.) und zum Umgang mit Angehörigen runden den praxisorientierten Band ab.
Bewusste Entscheidungen in schwierigen Lebenssituationen treffen
Authors: Hötzel Katrin , von Brachel Ruth
Published: September 2022

Viele Menschen stehen im Leben irgendwann vor schwierigen Entscheidungen, bei denen sie sich hin- und hergerissen fühlen. Bestimmte vertraute – wenn vielleicht auch teilweise negative – Gewohnheiten zu Gunsten einer unsicheren Veränderung aufzugeben, ist anstrengend und kann Angst machen. Dies kann beispielsweise der Fall sein, wenn es um die Änderung problematischer Gewohnheiten wie Bewegungsmangel oder Rauchen, um gesundheitliche Entscheidungen, die einen medizinischen Eingriff erfordern, um Partnerschaftskonflikte bzw. eine Trennung, um ein Outing, um einen Schwangerschaftsabbruch oder um eine berufliche Umorientierung bzw. die Kündigung des Arbeitsplatzes geht. Häufig schieben Menschen derartige Entscheidungen monate- bis jahrelang auf, selbst wenn es ihnen damit nicht immer gut geht. Probleme können z. B. dadurch erlebter Stress, Verlust an Lebensqualität oder depressive Symptome sein, aber auch Frust über die vertane Zeit, in der man sich zerrissen fühlt.
Der Ratgeber verdeutlicht zunächst anhand psychologischer Erklärungsmodelle, warum derartige Entscheidungs- und Veränderungsprozesse häufig so schwerfallen und welche Faktoren dafür relevant sind. Der Hauptfokus liegt auf wissenschaftlich basierten Übungen zur Auseinandersetzung mit dem Entscheidungskonflikt. Das Ziel ist es, Leserinnen und Leser dabei zu unterstützen, bei schwierigen Entscheidungen einen fundierten und individuellen Entschluss zu fassen und Veränderungen umzusetzen. Der Ratgeber kann eigenständig genutzt werden oder auch begleitend zu einer Psychotherapie zum Einsatz kommen.
Evaluating the Evolution of ECMWF Precipitation Products Using Observational Data for Iran: From ERA40 to ERA5
Authors: Ghajarnia Navid , Akbari Mahdi , Saemian Peyman , Ehsani Mohammad Reza , Hosseini‐Moghari Seyed‐Mohammad , Azizian Asghar , Kalantari Zahra , Behrangi Ali , Tourian Mohammad J. , Klöve Björn , Haghighi Ali Torabi
Published: September 2022

European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis (ERA), one of the most widely used precipitation products, has evolved from ERA‐40 to ERA‐20CM, ERA‐20C, ERA‐Interim, and ERA5. Studies evaluating the performance of individual ERA products cannot adequately assess the evolution of the products. We compared the performance of all ERA precipitation products at daily, monthly, and annual data (1980–2018) using more than 2100 Iran precipitation gauges. Results indicated that ERA‐40 performed worst, followed by ERA‐20CM, which showed only minor improvements over ERA‐40. ERA‐20C considerably outperformed its predecessors, benefiting from the assimilation of observational data. Although several previous studies have reported full superiority of ERA5 over ERA‐Interim, our results revealed several shortcomings in ERA5 compared with the ERA‐Interim estimates. Both ERA‐Interim and ERA5 performed best overall, with ERA‐Interim showing better statistical and categorical skill scores, and ERA5 performing better in estimating extreme precipitations. These results suggest that the accuracy of ERA precipitation products has improved from ERA‐40 to ERA‐Interim, but not consistently from ERA‐Interim to ERA5. This study employed a grid‐grid comparison approach by first creating a gridded reference data set through the spatial aggregation of point source observations, however, the results from a point‐grid approach showed no change in the overall ranking of products (despite the slight changes in the error index values). These findings are useful for model development at a global scale and for hydrological applications in Iran.
Multilayer CVD graphene electrodes using a transfer-free process for the next generation of optically transparent and MRI-compatible neural interfaces
Authors: Bakhshaee Babaroud Nasim , Palmar Merlin , Velea Andrada Iulia , Coletti Chiara , Weingärtner Sebastian , Vos Frans , Serdijn Wouter A. , Vollebregt Sten , Giagka Vasiliki
Published: September 2022

Multimodal platforms combining electrical neural recording and stimulation, optogenetics, optical imaging, and magnetic resonance (MRI) imaging are emerging as a promising platform to enhance the depth of characterization in neuroscientific research. Electrically conductive, optically transparent, and MRI-compatible electrodes can optimally combine all modalities. Graphene as a suitable electrode candidate material can be grown via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes and sandwiched between transparent biocompatible polymers. However, due to the high graphene growth temperature (≥ 900 °C) and the presence of polymers, fabrication is commonly based on a manual transfer process of pre-grown graphene sheets, which causes reliability issues. In this paper, we present CVD-based multilayer graphene electrodes fabricated using a wafer-scale transfer-free process for use in optically transparent and MRI-compatible neural interfaces. Our fabricated electrodes feature very low impedances which are comparable to those of noble metal electrodes of the same size and geometry. They also exhibit the highest charge storage capacity (CSC) reported to date among all previously fabricated CVD graphene electrodes. Our graphene electrodes did not reveal any photo-induced artifact during 10-Hz light pulse illumination. Additionally, we show here, for the first time, that CVD graphene electrodes do not cause any image artifact in a 3T MRI scanner. These results demonstrate that multilayer graphene electrodes are excellent candidates for the next generation of neural interfaces and can substitute the standard conventional metal electrodes. Our fabricated graphene electrodes enable multimodal neural recording, electrical and optogenetic stimulation, while allowing for optical imaging, as well as, artifact-free MRI studies.
ABAT gene expression associated with the sensitivity of hypomethylating agents in myelodysplastic syndrome through CXCR4/mTOR signaling
Authors: Zhao Guangjie , Li Shuang , Wang Qian , Wu Wanlin , Fu Xuewei , Zhu Chen , Wang Wei , Wang Xiaoqin
Published: September 2022

The factors that affect hypomethylating agents (HMAs) sensitivity in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) are complex and multifaceted. They include DNA methylation, gene expression, mutation, etc. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not clearly illustrated. In the present work, ABAT gene expression was associated with HMAs sensitivity. It was found that ABAT gene interference increased the sensitivity of HL-60 and THP-1 cells to HMAs treatment, while ABAT overexpression decreased its sensitivity. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that ABAT knockdown activated both interferon I and interferon-gamma signaling while inhibiting the secondary metabolic synthesis and arginine metabolic process. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based metabolic profiling also demonstrated that ABAT gene knockdown affected arginine, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, in addition to the biosynthesis of valine, leucine, and isoleucine, and the metabolism of beta-alanine. The ABAT gene expression downregulation could activate the CXCR4/mTOR signaling pathway, which was related to HMAs sensitivity. CXCR4 expression was regulated by mTOR activity and vice versa. In vivo, mice injected with ABAT gene knockdown cells lived longer than control mice after HMAs treatment. Overall, this study elucidates the novel regulatory mechanisms of HMAs sensitivity and provides a potential therapeutic target in MDS.
A critical review of the recent advances in inclusion-triggered localized corrosion in steel
Authors: Liu Pan , Zhang Qin-Hao , Watanabe Yutaka , Shoji Tetsuo , Cao Fa-He
Published: September 2022

Localized corrosion triggered by inclusions is prone to metallic material failure. Except for chemical dissolution of some special inclusions, the principle of galvanic coupling is the most acceptable theory to explain the above corrosion damage mechanism over the past decades. Still, controversies continue to present, in particular, mounting recent evidence obtained by advanced technologies emphasizes the limitations of previous entrenched idea and discloses unexpected results. Here, we review relevant recent studies and carefully summarize their similarities and differences to reduce the knowledge gap between inclusion-triggered localized corrosion and material design, whilst the source of typical inclusions is treated and discussed.
Free-running long-distance reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution
Authors: Tang Bang-Ying , Chen Huan , Wang Ji-Peng , Yu Hui-Cun , Shi Lei , Sun Shi-Hai , Peng Wei , Liu Bo , Yu Wan-Rong
Published: September 2022

Rapidly and randomly drifted reference frames will shorten the transmission distance and decrease the secure key rate of realistic quantum key distribution (QKD) systems. In this article, we present a free-running reference-frame-independent (RFI) QKD scheme, where measurement events are classified into multiple slices with similar estimated classification parameter. We perform the free-running RFI QKD experiment with a fiber link of 100 km and reference frame misalignment more than 29 periods in 50.7 h. A key rate as high as 742.98 bps is achieved at the total loss of 31.5 dB benefiting from both the new protocol design and the 80 MHz repetition rate system in use. Our system runs 50.7 h freely without any reference frame alignment. In the experiment, the misalignment variation rate tolerance of the experiment is 0.262 rad/s, and could be optimized to 1.309 rad/s. Therefore, our free-running RFI scheme can be efficiently adapted into the satellite-to-ground and drone-based mobile communication scenarios.
Strain-specific impacts of probiotics are a significant driver of gut microbiome development in very preterm infants
Authors: Beck Lauren C. , Masi Andrea C. , Young Gregory R. , Vatanen Tommi , Lamb Christopher A. , Smith Rachel , Coxhead Jonathan , Butler Alana , Marsland Benjamin J. , Embleton Nicholas D. , Berrington Janet E. , Stewart Christopher J.
Published: September 2022

The development of the gut microbiome from birth plays important roles in short- and long-term health, but factors influencing preterm gut microbiome development are poorly understood. In the present study, we use metagenomic sequencing to analyse 1,431 longitudinal stool samples from 123 very preterm infants (<32 weeks’ gestation) who did not develop intestinal disease or sepsis over a study period of 10 years. During the study period, one cohort had no probiotic exposure whereas two cohorts were given different probiotic products: Infloran (Bifidobacterium bifidumandLactobacillus acidophilus) or Labinic (B. bifidum, B. longumsubsp.infantisandL. acidophilus). Mothers’ own milk, breast milk fortifier, antibiotics and probiotics were significantly associated with the gut microbiome, with probiotics being the most significant factor. Probiotics drove microbiome transition into different preterm gut community types (PGCTs), each enriched in a differentBifidobacteriumsp. and significantly associated with increased postnatal age. Functional analyses identified stool metabolites associated with PGCTs and, in preterm-derived organoids, sterile faecal supernatants impacted intestinal, organoid monolayer, gene expression in a PGCT-specific manner. The present study identifies specific influencers of gut microbiome development in very preterm infants, some of which overlap with those impacting term infants. The results highlight the importance of strain-specific differences in probiotic products and their impact on host interactions in the preterm gut.
New insights into detecting alizarin from autofluorescence in marked glass eels
Authors: Gaillard Mélanie , Parlanti Edith , Sourzac Mahaut , Couillaud Franck , Genevois Coralie , Boutry Sébastien , Rigaud Christian , Daverat Françoise
Published: September 2022

Alizarin detection in fish fins is extensively employed because it is easy to use. However, in eels, the eelGFP fluorescent protein may impede the detection of the fluorescent markers in the eel tissues. The study tests the effectiveness of three of the most up-to-date alizarin-detecting technologies on the living body and fins of European glass eels (Anguilla anguilla L.). The findings demonstrated that the control group had a high autofluorescence at alizarin and eelGFP maxima bands. With fluorescence reflectance imaging (FRI), the eel living body autofluorescence impeded the detection of the marked eels. In contrast with experimental excitation-emission-matrix (EEM) fluorescence analyses, 99% of the marked eels were correctly assigned to their group from fluorescence analyses of their fin cellular contents. With epifluorometry (EPI), 100% of the marked eels were detected with the caudal fin tips when excited at 450–490 nm wavelengths due to a weaker autofluorescence signal. EEM and FRI assays unveiled an average fluorescence quenching 60% and 44% of the marked group respectively, in the alizarin and eelGFP maxima bands. The fluorescence quenching observed is discussed. Results will benefit experimental design by examining autofluorescence effects on mark detection and the development of non-invasive detection methods in this critically endangered species.
Effect of Controlling Nutritional Status Score (CONUT) and Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) on patients after spinal tuberculosis surgery
Authors: Cao Long-Yao , Cheng Si , Lin Lu , Chen Ming-Xin
Published: September 2022

The controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score and prognostic nutrition index (PNI) are immune-nutritional biomarkers that are related to clinical prognosis. Previous studies have reported using them to predict the prognosis of traumatic brain injury, tumours and other diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the PNI and CONUT score and the one-year prognosis of patients with spinal tuberculosis (STB). In this study, the clinical characteristics of 97 patients with STB who underwent debridement and internal fixation at our institution between 2015 and 2020 were retrospectively analysed. According to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, patients were divided into two groups: a high CONUT group and a low CONUT group. Patients were also divided into a high PNI group and a low PNI group. One-year postoperative prognosis was evaluated by the clinical cure standard. Patients in the favourable group were younger and had a lower rate of pneumonia and urinary tract infection, higher PNI and lower CONUT score than those in the favourable group (P < 0.05). There was an obvious correlation between the PNI and CONUT score (r = − 0.884, P < 0.05). The areas under the curve (AUCs) of the CONUT score and PNI for predicting unfavourable prognosis were 0.888 (95% CI 0.808–0.943, P < 0.001) and 0.896 (95% CI 0.818–0.949, P < 0.001), respectively. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of the CONUT score and PNI for predicting unfavourable outcomes were 2.447 (95% CI 1.518–4.043, P < 0.001) and 0.689 (95% CI 0.563–0.843, P < 0.001), respectively. Higher CONUT scores and a lower PNI were associated with adverse outcomes in patients with spinal tuberculosis, and the CONUT score and PNI might be independent predictors of adverse outcomes of spinal tuberculosis postoperatively.
ProteinGLUE multi-task benchmark suite for self-supervised protein modeling
Authors: Capel Henriette , Weiler Robin , Dijkstra Maurits , Vleugels Reinier , Bloem Peter , Feenstra K. Anton
Published: September 2022

Self-supervised language modeling is a rapidly developing approach for the analysis of protein sequence data. However, work in this area is heterogeneous and diverse, making comparison of models and methods difficult. Moreover, models are often evaluated only on one or two downstream tasks, making it unclear whether the models capture generally useful properties. We introduce the ProteinGLUE benchmark for the evaluation of protein representations: a set of seven per-amino-acid tasks for evaluating learned protein representations. We also offer reference code, and we provide two baseline models with hyperparameters specifically trained for these benchmarks. Pre-training was done on two tasks, masked symbol prediction and next sentence prediction. We show that pre-training yields higher performance on a variety of downstream tasks such as secondary structure and protein interaction interface prediction, compared to no pre-training. However, the larger model does not outperform the smaller model. We expect the ProteinGLUE benchmark dataset introduced here, together with the two baseline pre-trained models and their performance evaluations, to be of great value to the field of protein sequence-based property prediction. Availability: code and datasets fromhttps://github.com/ibivu/protein-glue.
Experimental identification of wheel-surface model parameters: various terrain conditions
Authors: Czapla Tomasz , Fice Marcin , Niestrój Roman
Published: September 2022

Since the wheel interaction with a certain terrain cases (asphalt, concrete) are known and well described in case of straightforward motion and non-slip and slip cornering conditions, the skid-steered wheeled vehicles case needs to be analyzed. Side-slip for various attack angle has to be investigated. The main area of interest of research that is shown in the project is energy demand calculation of skid-steered wheeled vehicles in various terrain conditions. Certain cases of all-electric vehicles with individual electric motors per wheel demand a precise assessment of longitudinal and lateral forces in order to perform the fully controlled turn. Experimental stand designed and developed by authors allows to test the wheel-surface interaction for various terrain conditions and different driving directions. Test data were acquired for dry and wet sand and granite pavement. Traction and side forces were acquired and used to identify the wheel-soil interaction model parameters for unpropelled wheel. Results in a form of time series including longitudinal and lateral forces show the relation between attack angle, load and surface conditions in terms of stick and slip phenomenon that is essential for skid-steering dynamics calculations. Measurement results are then used for calculation of longitudinal and lateral forces coefficients as a function of attack angle and vertical load. Test were performed in natural environment, thus they are affected by changeable conditions. Multiple runs are used for elimination of that influence. Described experiments are a part of the project that includes results generalization using test validated FEM model. Described work is not intended to develop new ground-tire interaction models, it is focused on numerically efficient traction effort calculation method for various conditions including passive mode—unpropelled wheel.
Three-dimensional network of nitrogen-doped carbon matrix-encapsulated Si nanoparticles/carbon nanofibers hybrids for lithium-ion battery anodes with excellent capability
Authors: Cong Ruye , Jo Minsang , Martino Angelica , Park Hyun-Ho , Lee Hochun , Lee Chang-Seop
Published: September 2022

Three-dimensionally structured silicon (Si)–carbon (C) nanocomposites have great potential as anodes in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Here, we report a Nitrogen-doped graphene/carbon-encapsulated Si nanoparticle/carbon nanofiber composite (NG/C@Si/CNF) prepared by methods of surface modification, electrostatic self-assembly, cross-linking with heat treatment, and further carbonization as a potential high-performance anode for LIBs. The N-doped C matrix wrapped around Si nanoparticles improved the electrical conductivity of the composites and buffered the volume change of Si nanoparticles during lithiation/delithiation. Uniformly dispersed CNF in composites acted as conductive networks for the fast transport of ions and electrons. The entire tightly connected organic material of NG/C@Si and CNF prevented the crushing and shedding of particles and maintained the integrity of the electrode structure. The NG/C@Si/CNF composite exhibited better rate capability and cycling performance compared with the other electrode materials. After 100 cycles, the electrode maintained a high reversible specific capacity of 1371.4 mAh/g.