bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENALIZED SPLINE: A GENERAL ROBUST TRAJECTORY MODEL FOR ZIYUAN-3 SATELLITE
Authors: Pan H. , Zou Z.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Owing to the dynamic imaging system, the trajectory model plays a very important role in the geometric processing of high resolution satellite imagery. However, establishing a trajectory model is difficult when only discrete and noisy data are available. In this manuscript, we proposed a general robust trajectory model, the penalized spline model, which could fit trajectory data well and smooth noise. The penalized parameter λ controlling the smooth and fitting accuracy could be estimated by generalized cross-validation. Five other trajectory models, including third-order polynomials, Chebyshev polynomials, linear interpolation, Lagrange interpolation and cubic spline, are compared with the penalized spline model. Both the sophisticated ephemeris and on-board ephemeris are used to compare the orbit models. The penalized spline model could smooth part of noise, and accuracy would decrease as the orbit length increases. The band-to-band misregistration of ZiYuan-3 Dengfeng and Faizabad multispectral images is used to evaluate the proposed method. With the Dengfeng dataset, the third-order polynomials and Chebyshev approximation could not model the oscillation, and introduce misregistration of 0.57 pixels misregistration in across-track direction and 0.33 pixels in along-track direction. With the Faizabad dataset, the linear interpolation, Lagrange interpolation and cubic spline model suffer from noise, introducing larger misregistration than the approximation models. Experimental results suggest the penalized spline model could model the oscillation and smooth noise.
LOW FREQUENCY ERROR ANALYSIS AND CALIBRATION FOR HIGH-RESOLUTION OPTICAL SATELLITE’S UNCONTROLLED GEOMETRIC POSITIONING
Authors: Wang Mi , Fang Chengcheng , Yang Bo , Cheng Yufeng
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The low frequency error is a key factor which has affected uncontrolled geometry processing accuracy of the high-resolution optical image. To guarantee the geometric quality of imagery, this paper presents an on-orbit calibration method for the low frequency error based on geometric calibration field. Firstly, we introduce the overall flow of low frequency error on-orbit analysis and calibration, which includes optical axis angle variation detection of star sensor, relative calibration among star sensors, multi-star sensor information fusion, low frequency error model construction and verification. Secondly, we use optical axis angle change detection method to analyze the law of low frequency error variation. Thirdly, we respectively use the method of relative calibration and information fusion among star sensors to realize the datum unity and high precision attitude output. Finally, we realize the low frequency error model construction and optimal estimation of model parameters based on DEM/DOM of geometric calibration field. To evaluate the performance of the proposed calibration method, a certain type satellite’s real data is used. Test results demonstrate that the calibration model in this paper can well describe the law of the low frequency error variation. The uncontrolled geometric positioning accuracy of the high-resolution optical image in the WGS-84 Coordinate Systems is obviously improved after the step-wise calibration.
RESEARCH ON REEF BATHYMETRIC SURVEY OF UAV STEREOPAIR BASED ON TWO-MEDIUM PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Ye Dongmei , Liao Ming , Nan Ao , Wang Enquan , Zhou Gaowei
Published: June 2016

Abstract. This paper is based on the principles of two-medium photogrammetry, with the purpose to perform a bathymetric survey of a reef in the South China Sea, using aerial imagery acquired by UAV. The first objectives are to introduce the basic principles of two-medium photogrammetry, discuss the technical requirements of this methodology to determine an accurate refractive index of sea water, and propose a new method to calculate seawater refraction and calculate corrected reef elevations. The second objective is to analyse and integrate the elevation and depth datum for both the land mass and the undersea reef. The final objective of this paper is performing stereoscopic mensuration on the UAV photography in order to transform reef elevation and depth datum. Our test shows that aerial two-medium photogrammetry is feasible in practical application, but requires relatively high aerial photography conditions.
ANALYSING POST-SEISMIC DEFORMATION OF IZMIT EARTHQUAKE WITH INSAR, GNSS AND COULOMB STRESS MODELLING
Authors: Barut R. Alac , Trinder J. , Rizos C.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. On August 17th 1999, a Mw 7.4 earthquake struck the city of Izmit in the north-west of Turkey. This event was one of the most devastating earthquakes of the twentieth century. The epicentre of the Izmit earthquake was on the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) which is one of the most active right-lateral strike-slip faults on earth. However, this earthquake offers an opportunity to study how strain is accommodated in an inter-segment region of a large strike slip fault. In order to determine the Izmit earthquake post-seismic effects, the authors modelled Coulomb stress changes of the aftershocks, as well as using the deformation measurement techniques of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). The authors have shown that InSAR and GNSS observations over a time period of three months after the earthquake combined with Coulomb Stress Change Modelling can explain the fault zone expansion, as well as the deformation of the northern region of the NAF. It was also found that there is a strong agreement between the InSAR and GNSS results for the post-seismic phases of investigation, with differences less than 2mm, and the standard deviation of the differences is less than 1mm.
ASSESSMENT OF SATELLITE PRECIPITATION PRODUCTS IN THE PHILIPPINE ARCHIPELAGO
Authors: Ramos M. D. , Tendencia E. , Espana K. , Sabido J. , Bagtasa G.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Precipitation is the most important weather parameter in the Philippines. Made up of more than 7100 islands, the Philippine archipelago is an agricultural country that depends on rain-fed crops. Located in the western rim of the North West Pacific Ocean, this tropical island country is very vulnerable to tropical cyclones that lead to severe flooding events. Recently, satellite-based precipitation estimates have improved significantly and can serve as alternatives to ground-based observations. These data can be used to fill data gaps not only for climatic studies, but can also be utilized for disaster risk reduction and management activities. This study characterized the statistical errors of daily precipitation from four satellite-based rainfall products from (1) the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), (2) the CPC Morphing technique (CMORPH) of NOAA and (3) the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMAP) and (4) Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN). Precipitation data were compared to 52 synoptic weather stations located all over the Philippines. Results show GSMAP to have over all lower bias and CMORPH with lowest Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). In addition, a dichotomous rainfall test reveals GSMAP and CMORPH have low Proportion Correct (PC) for convective and stratiform rainclouds, respectively. TRMM consistently showed high PC for almost all raincloud types. Moreover, all four satellite precipitation showed high Correct Negatives (CN) values for the north-western part of the country during the North-East monsoon and spring monsoonal transition periods.
ASSESSMENT OF THE GEOMETRIC QUALITY OF SENTINEL-2 DATA
Authors: Pandžic M. , Mihajlovic D. , Pandžic J. , Pfeifer N.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. High resolution (10 m and 20 m) optical imagery satellite Sentinel-2 brings a new perspective to Earth observation. Its frequent revisit time enables monitoring the Earth surface with high reliability. Since Sentinel-2 data is provided free of charge by the European Space Agency, its mass use for variety of purposes is expected. Quality evaluation of Sentinel-2 data is thus necessary. Quality analysis in this experiment is based on comparison of Sentinel-2 imagery with reference data (orthophoto). From the possible set of features to compare (point features, texture lines, objects, etc.) line segments were chosen because visual analysis suggested that scale differences matter least for these features. The experiment was thus designed to compare long line segments (e.g. airstrips, roads, etc.) in both datasets as the most representative entities. Edge detection was applied to both images and corresponding edges were manually selected. The statistical parameter which describes the geometrical relation between different images (and between datasets in general) covering the same area is calculated as the distance between corresponding curves in two datasets. The experiment was conducted for two different test sites, Austria and Serbia. From 21 lines with a total length of ca. 120 km the average offset of 6.031 m (0.60 pixel of Sentinel-2) was obtained for Austria, whereas for Serbia the average offset of 12.720 m (1.27 pixel of Sentinel-2) was obtained out of 10 lines with a total length of ca. 38 km.
ON THE EVALUATION OF GNSS COMPLEMENTARY BY USING QUASIZENITH SATELLITE OF JAPAN
Authors: Sekiguchi N. , Shikada M. , Kanai T.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The positional information has an important role in our lifestyle. People need to get positional information by GNSS. The satellite positioning must receive a signal from four or more satellites, however, most of Japanese country is covered with mountain and urban area has a lot of tall buildings. Then Japanese government launched QZS (Quasi Zenith Satellite) which is the first satellite of QZSS (Quasi Zenith Satellite System) in 2010. QZSS including QZS can improve positioning accuracy and reliability. QZS has 6 signals by using four kinds of frequency. These signals are the same frequency of GPS and GLONASS and so on. This paper was reported about the comparison of the positioning between GPS and QZSS.
PRELIMINARY ANALYSES OF BEIDOU SIGNAL-IN-SPACE ANOMALY SINCE 2013
Authors: Wu Y. , Ren J. , Liu W.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. As BeiDou navigation system has been operational since December 2012. There is an increasing desire to use multiple constellation to improve positioning performance. The signal-in-space (SIS) anomaly caused by the ground control and the space vehicle is one of the major threats to affect the integrity. For a young Global Navigation Satellite System, knowledge about SIS anomalies in history is very important for not only assessing the SIS integrity performance of a constellation but also providing the assumption for ARAIM (Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring). In this paper, the broadcast ephemerides and the precise ones are pre-processed for avoiding the false anomaly identification. The SIS errors over the period of Mar. 2013-Feb. 2016 are computed by comparing the broadcast ephemerides with the precise ones. The time offsets between GPST (GPS time) and BDT (BeiDou time) are estimated and removed by an improved estimation algorithm. SIS worst-UREs are computed and a RMS criteria are investigated to identify the SIS anomalies. The results show that the probability of BeiDou SIS anomalies is in 10-3 level in last three years. Even though BeiDou SIS integrity performance currently cannot match the GPS integrity performances, the result indicates that BeiDou has a tendency to improve its integrity performance.
A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON USE OF GENERIC MOBILE LASER SCANNING SYSTEM FOR DETECTING ASPHALT PAVEMENT CRACKS
Authors: Chen Xinqu , Li Jonathan
Published: June 2016

Abstract. This study aims to automatically detect pavement cracks on urban roads by employing the 3D point clouds acquired by a mobile laser scanning (MLS) system. Our method consists of four steps: ground point filtering, high-pass convolution, matched filtering, and noise removal. First, a voxel-based upward growing method is applied to construct Digital Terrain Model (DTM) of the road surface. Then, a high-pass filter convolutes the DTM to detect local elevation changes that may embed cracking information. Next, a two-step matched filter is applied to extract crack features. Lastly, a noise removal process is conducted to refine the results. Instead of using MLS intensity, this study takes advantages of the MLS elevation information to perform automated crack detection from large-volume, mixed-density, unstructured MLS point clouds. Four types of cracks including longitudinal, transvers, random, and alligator cracks are detected. Our results demonstrated that the proposed method works well with the RIEGL VMX-450 point clouds and can detect cracks in moderate-to-severe severity (13 - 25 mm) within a 200 m by 30 m urban road segment located in Kingston, Ontario, at one time. Due to the resolution capability, small cracks with slight severity remain unclear in the MLS point cloud.
DISASTER PREVENTION COASTAL MAP PRODUCTION BY MMS & C3D
Authors: Hatake Shuhei , Kohori Yuki , Watanabe Yasushi
Published: June 2016

Abstract. In March 2011, Eastern Japan suffered serious damage of Tsunami caused by a massive earthquake. In 2012, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport published “Guideline of setting assumed areas of inundation by Tsunami” to establish the conditions of topography data used for simulation of Tsunami. In this guideline, the elevation data prepared by Geographical Survey Institute of Japan and 2m/5m/10m mesh data of NSDI are adopted for land area, while 500m mesh data of Hydrographic and Oceanographic Department of Japan Coast Guard and sea charts are adopted for water area. These data, however, do not have continuity between land area and water area. Therefore, in order to study the possibility of providing information for coastal disaster prevention, we have developed an efficient method to acquire continuous topography over land and water including tidal zone. Land area data are collected by Mobile Mapping System (MMS) and water area depth data are collected by interferometry echo sounder (C3D), and both data are simultaneously acquired on a same boat. Elaborate point cloud data of 1m or smaller are expected to be used for realistic simulation of Tsunami waves going upstream around shoreline. Tests were made in Tokyo Bay (in 2014) and Osaka Bay (in 2015). The purpose the test in Osaka Bay is to make coastal map for disaster prevention as a countermeasure for predicted Nankai massive earthquake. In addition to Tsunami simulation, the continuous data covering land and marine areas are expected to be used effectively for maintenance and repair of aged port and river facilities, maintenance and investigation of dykes, and ecosystem preservation.
ADVANCED TIE FEATURE MATCHING FOR THE REGISTRATION OF MOBILE MAPPING IMAGING DATA AND AERIAL IMAGERY
Authors: Jende P. , Peter M. , Gerke M. , Vosselman G.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Mobile Mapping’s ability to acquire high-resolution ground data is opposing unreliable localisation capabilities of satellite-based positioning systems in urban areas. Buildings shape canyons impeding a direct line-of-sight to navigation satellites resulting in a deficiency to accurately estimate the mobile platform’s position. Consequently, acquired data products’ positioning quality is considerably diminished. This issue has been widely addressed in the literature and research projects. However, a consistent compliance of sub-decimetre accuracy as well as a correction of errors in height remain unsolved. We propose a novel approach to enhance Mobile Mapping (MM) image orientation based on the utilisation of highly accurate orientation parameters derived from aerial imagery. In addition to that, the diminished exterior orientation parameters of the MM platform will be utilised as they enable the application of accurate matching techniques needed to derive reliable tie information. This tie information will then be used within an adjustment solution to correct affected MM data. This paper presents an advanced feature matching procedure as a prerequisite to the aforementioned orientation update. MM data is ortho-projected to gain a higher resemblance to aerial nadir data simplifying the images’ geometry for matching. By utilising MM exterior orientation parameters, search windows may be used in conjunction with a selective keypoint detection and template matching. Originating from different sensor systems, however, difficulties arise with respect to changes in illumination, radiometry and a different original perspective. To respond to these challenges for feature detection, the procedure relies on detecting keypoints in only one image. Initial tests indicate a considerable improvement in comparison to classic detector/descriptor approaches in this particular matching scenario. This method leads to a significant reduction of outliers due to the limited availability of putative matches and the utilisation of templates instead of feature descriptors. In our experiments discussed in this paper, typical urban scenes have been used for evaluating the proposed method. Even though no additional outlier removal techniques have been used, our method yields almost 90% of correct correspondences. However, repetitive image patterns may still induce ambiguities which cannot be fully averted by this technique. Hence and besides, possible advancements will be briefly presented.
Marine Rapid Environmental Assessment in the Gulf of Taranto: a multiscale approach
Authors: Pinardi Nadia , Lyubartsev Vladyslav , Cardellicchio Nicola , Caporale Claudio , Ciliberti Stefania , Coppini Giovanni , De Pascalis Francesca , Dialti Lorenzo , Federico Ivan , Filippone Marco , Grandi Alessandro , Guideri Matteo , Lecci Rita , Lamberti Lamberto , Lorenzetti Giuliano , Lusiani Paolo , Macripo' Cosimo Damiano , Maicu Francesco , Tartarini Diego , Trotta Francesco , Umgiesser Georg , Zaggia Luca
Published: June 2016

Abstract. A multiscale sampling experiment was carried out in the Gulf of Taranto (eastern Mediterranean) providing the first synoptic evidence of the large scale circulation structure and associated mesoscale variability. The mapping of the mesoscale and large scale geostrophic circulation showed the presence of an anticyclonic large scale Gyre occupying the central open ocean area of the Gulf of Taranto. On the periphery of the Gyre upwelling is evident where surface waters are colder and saltier than at the center of the Gyre. Over a one-week period, the rim current of the Gyre undergoes large changes which are interpreted as baroclinic/barotropic instabilities, generating small scale cyclonic eddies in the periphery of the anticyclone. The eddies are generally small, one of which can be classified as a submesoscale eddy, due to its size. This eddy field modulates the upwelling regime in the Gyre periphery.
Renta feudal, ejercicio del poder y diferenciación social campesina en el marco del señorío del cabildo salmantino en la Edad Media
Authors: Cimino Carla
Published: June 2016

El presente trabajo analiza la evolución del señorío eclesiástico en el largo plazo, para sumar al conocimiento de las formas señoriales de la Extremadura leonesa. Consideramos específicamente el caso del cabildo catedralicio salmantino entre los siglos XII y XV. Buscamos demostrar que no poseyó idéntica estructura durante todo el período y que sus transformaciones se explican por una compleja conjunción de variables. Dichas transformaciones incidieron sobre las estructuras sociales del agro, en especial sobre el desarrollo de procesos de diferenciación social campesina. Demostramos que la forma concreta en que se realizaba la renta podía alterar las estructuras sociales de las comunidades y que el desarrollo de las relaciones sociales asalariadas se encontraba muy vinculado a las coyunturas económicas y a las posibilidades y límites de la gestión señorial. Finalmente, ponemos de relieve que la transformación social no siempre fue irreversible y que su consolidación dependió de la incapacidad de los señores de ejercer sus poderes políticos.
El acercamiento de la monarquía castellana a la Orden de los Predicadores durante el reinado de Juan II de Castilla (1406-1454)
Authors: Prieto Sayagués Juan Antonio
Published: June 2016

Desde la llegada al trono de la dinastía Trastámara los diferentes monarcas castellanos llevaron a cabo una serie de actuaciones respecto a las órdenes religiosas. Durante los primeros años, éstas estuvieron dirigidas, en su mayoría, a la orden franciscana, a lo que habría que sumar la introducción en Castilla de la orden de la Cartuja y las primeras fundaciones jerónimas. Sin embargo, las reinas Beatriz de Portugal y Catalina de Lancaster, junto al infante Fernando de Antequera, fueron los protagonistas del cambio devocional que se produjo en Castilla y que alcanzó su cénit al alcanzar la mayoría de edad Juan II. Desde finales del siglo XIV vieron la luz una serie de fundaciones dominicas y se reformaron algunos conventos por parte de estos personajes; de manera progresiva, comenzaron a confiar en los frailes de esta orden diferentes cometidos espirituales, sociales y políticos.
Entretenimientos, fiestas, juegos y placeres en la corte de los reyes de Aragón en el siglo xiv Steffano
Authors: Cingolani Stefano Maria
Published: June 2016

Este trabajo estudia la presencia e importancia de las diversiones y el placer en distintos momentos de la vida de la corte de los reyes de Aragón: las prostitutas, dirigidas por el rey Arlot, la música, el juego, el baile o los juglares, observando el aumento de su presencia a lo largo del siglo xiv, con el correlativo aumento de los gastos. También se observa el incremento en el lujo y la complejidad de estas actividades y la siempre mayor presencia de elementos espectaculares como bestias, carros, figuras alegóricas y otros entremeses en coronaciones, bodas o entradas reales, todos ellos aspectos de la progresiva glorificación de la monarquía.
Agua y desarrollo urbano en la Castilla medieval: aportaciones a su estudio en la ciudad de Guadalajara
Authors: Plaza de Agustín Javier
Published: June 2016

Uno de los elementos críticos del urbanismo castellano en la Edad Media era el acceso a recursos hídricos que pudieran servir para el abastecimiento humano. En función del clima, la orografía, y las infraestructuras heredadas de épocas anteriores, cada ciudad y villa del reino trató de buscar la mejor manera de asegurar el suministro de agua para sus vecinos. A lo largo de este trabajo se analiza la forma en la que el concejo de Guadalajara, así como los principales poderes religiosos y nobiliarios de la ciudad, fueron trazando la red de abastecimiento urbano durante la Baja Edad Media, a partir de las fuentes del paraje conocido como El Sotillo, y cómo realizaron la explotación económica del cauce del río Henares en las cercanías del municipio. El agua, bien escaso en la Alcarria, fue durante los siglos bajomedievales un elemento de gran importancia económica y símbolo de prestigio social, que despertó el interés de todos los grupos de la sociedad arriacense.
COMO CRIANÇAS LEEM LIVROS DE IMAGEM?
Authors: Santana Fabiana Andrade de , Brandão Ana Carolina Perrusi
Published: June 2016

O estudo investigou a leitura de livros de imagem por crianças entre 4 e 5 anos. As narrativas produzidas pelos pequenos foram videogravadas e transcritas. Com base nesse material foram formuladas categorias de análise que orientaram a discussão dos dados coletados. Aos 5 anos, as crianças tendem a produzir leituras que apresentam maior fidelidade à sequência das imagens e incluem mais inferências pertinentes. Aos 4 anos, as leituras são menos articuladas, com predominância de descrição das cenas. O estudo apontou, entretanto, que o progresso das crianças em direção a uma leitura mais articulada não parece ser fruto, simplesmente, do avanço com relação à idade. Assim, discute-se a necessidade de refletir sobre formas de mediação de livros de imagem na Educação Infantil.
PROBLEMATIZAÇÕES ÉTICAS: PERIGOS PARA A PESQUISA EM EDUCAÇÃO COM GÊNERO E SEXUALIDADE
Authors: Zago Luiz Felipe , Guizzo Bianca Salazar , Sacchi dos Santos Luís Henrique
Published: June 2016

Artigo teórico que trata da ética em pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos, com especial ênfase às pesquisas que tematizem gênero e sexualidade. A Resolução 466/2012, que regula a ética em pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos no Brasil, está baseada em um modelo válido para as ciências biomédicas, mas que não atende às problematizações das investigações das ciências sociais e humanas. Destacam-se as críticas a esse modelo oriundas da Saúde Coletiva e da Antropologia. A seguir, procede-se à análise da situação da ética em pesquisas acerca de gênero e sexualidade situadas nos campos feminista e dos estudos queer. Por fim, elegem-se as pesquisas com crianças, relevantes para o campo da Educação, como caso exemplar de investigações dificultadas pelo modelo de regulação vigente. Conclui-se que certos recortes teórico-metodológicos serão doravante impossíveis na hegemonia da ética biomédica.
DO PROGRAMA AO DIAGRAMA: UMA CONTRIBUIÇÃO SÓCIO-HISTÓRICA PARA A RELAÇÃO ENTRE ESTADO, CIDADANIA E DIREITO À EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: De Araújo Gilda Cardoso
Published: June 2016

O artigo tem por objetivo analisar a relação entre Estado, cidadania e direito à educação por meio de aportes teóricos que problematizam a ideia da educação configurando direitos sociais oriundos da evolução, por superposição, dos direitos de cidadania. Para tanto, utilizamos as denominações “programa” como algo relativo ao que é declarado como intenções ou metas e “diagrama” como o que se refere às representações dos fenômenos sociais. Esse percurso analítico permitiu concluir que: a) se os direitos sociais pressupõem as noções de igualdade e de responsabilidade social, não podemos, por isso, afirmar que elas passaram a existir apenas quando o Estado providência surgiu no século XX e ; b) a defesa e a inscrição do direito à educação como “programa” não significa a sua consolidação como “diagrama”.
FLORESTAN FERNANDES – UM INTÉRPRETE DO BRASIL NO DIÁLOGO CRÍTICO COM OS EDUCADORES ESCOLANOVISTAS
Authors: Rodrigues Fabiana De Cássia
Published: June 2016

O texto analisa a contribuição de um dos principais intérpretes do Brasil, o sociólogo Florestan Fernandes, para se pensar os desafios educacionais ensejados pelas transformações na sociedade brasileira na transição do século XIX para o século XX, a partir do diálogo estabelecido entre ele e os educadores escolanovistas. Esses educadores, especialmente Fernando de Azevedo e Anísio Teixeira, tiveram atuação destacada nos debates e reformas educacionais ocorridas entre os anos de 1920 e início de 1960. Florestan Fernandes articulou sua análise acerca da formação social brasileira com os desafios para a educação pública no Brasil, empreendendo uma análise crítica acerca das propostas dos representantes da escola nova no Brasil. A diferença fundamental entre Florestan Fernandes e os renovadores diz respeito ao que Fernandes (1989) denominou de “consciência utópica” desses educadores, por acreditarem ser possível desencadear no Brasil uma revolução educacional burguesa. Destarte, o texto procura abordar os principais aspectos das críticas realizadas por Florestan Fernandes sobre a forma como os grupos de intelectuais pioneiros responderam às questões da escola pública, compondo uma significativa contribuição à temática educacional, que inspira reflexões na área até a atualidade, uma vez que os desafios por ele identificados em suas raízes históricas não foram superados.
Supplement 1
Authors: - -
Published: June 2016

The 13th Norwegian Conference on Epidemiology
Are poor living conditions in childhood and adolescence an important risk factor for arteriosclerotic heart disease?
Authors: Forsdahl Anders
Published: June 2016

(Reprinted from British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine)
Kroppsstørrelse ved fødsel og brystkreftrisiko i voksen alder: En prospektiv befolkningsundersøkelse
Authors: Vatten Lars J. , Nilsen Tom I. Lund , Tretli Steinar , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Romundstad Pål R.
Published: June 2016

Bakgrunn  Målsetting  Design  Sted  Deltakere  Mål på effekt  Resultater  Konklusjon  Nøkkelord  : Brystkreft, fødselsvekt, fødselslengde, hodeomkrets: Resultatene av denne undersøkelsen støtter hypotesen om at intrauterine faktorer har betydning for framtidig risiko for brystkreft. Den klare sammenhengen med fødselslengde tyder på at faktorer som stimulerer fosterets lengdevekst kan ha særlig betydning.: Det var en positiv sammenheng mellom fødselslengde og risiko for brystkreft, og sammenhengen var omtrent den samme før og etter 50-års alder. Den relative risiko for kvinner i den høyeste av fem lengdekategorier (!53 cm) var 1,8 (KI 1,2–2,5), sammenliknet med kvinner i den laveste (< 50 cm), og justering for fødselsvekt påvirket ikke resultatet. I forhold til fødselsvekt var den relative risiko 1,4 (KI 1,0–2,0) for kvinner i den høyeste (!3840 gram) sammenliknet med den laveste (
Fødselsvekt og selvmord: er det noen sammenheng?
Authors: Grøholt Berit
Published: June 2016

Siden Salk i 1985 introduserte ideen om at fødselskomplikasjoner kunne øke risikoen for tenåringsselvmord, har flere studier tatt opp problemstillingen, men med motstridende funn. Sammenhengen mellom lav fødselsvekt og forhøyet mortalitet er vist i en rekke studier, og i noen tilfelle også for selvmord. Artikkelen gjennomgår relevant litteratur, og mye taler for at det er en sammenheng mellom intrauterine komplikasjoner og selvmord. I artikkelen drøftes funn og mulige mediatorer: Endret programmering og utvikling av CNS intrauterint kan føre til dårlig mental helse, kognitiv dysfunksjon og dårlig stresstoleranse. Om lav sosial klasse, dårlig psykisk helse hos foreldre, føstegangsfødende ung mor er konfoundere (effektforvekslere) eller en del av årsakskjeden er ennå ikke klarlagt.The paper quotes and discusses studies addressing the association between suicide and low birth weight. The results are partly contradictory, but still there seems to be a connection between suicide and low birth weight/birth length. This connection may be mediated through reduced mental health, low stress tolerance or cognitive deficits, all factors that are possibly related to the development of the CNS in utero. To which extent low socioeconomic status, low mental health in parents, low maternal age and nulliparity are factors in the causal pathway or confounders are not yet clarified.
Social and biological pathways in childhood and consequent adult mortality risk: A review of evidence and some research implications
Authors: Næss Øyvind
Published: June 2016

Artikkelen diskuterer den prinsipielle betydningen av sosiale og biologiske faktorer i barndommen for dødelighetsrisikoen i voksen alder. Ulike modeller av livsløpet blir presentert; kritisk og sensitiv periode, akkumulering av risiko og til sist en forløpsmodell. Disse modellene blir diskutert i lys av empiriske studier hvor sosiale og biologiske faktorer i barndommen er vist å ha en assosiasjon med dødelighet i voksen alder. En slik livsløpsmodell har potensial til å forklare ulikhet i helse på en biologisk og sosialt plausibel måte. Men den stiller også spørsmål ved om årsaksfaktorer fra tidligere i livet kan hevdes å være uavhengige før vi kjenner hvordan de biologiske og sosiale kjedene av risiko henger sammen og har utviklet seg over tid. Det blir derfor hevdet av en del forskere at for å forstå kroniske sykdommers etiologi fullt ut må både sosiale og biologiske årsakskjeder inngå i modellen.
Maternal deaths in developing countries: A preventable tragedy
Authors: Kvåle Gunnar , Olsen Bjørg Evjen , Hinderaker Sven Gudmund , Ulstein Magnar , Bergsjø Per
Published: June 2016

The neglected tragedy of persistent high maternal mortality in the low-income countries is described. One of the millennium development goals states that the current number of maternal deaths of around 500,000 per year should be reduced by three quarters by 2015. Since the major causes and avenues for prevention are known, this may seem an achievable goal. It is concluded, however, that unless all stakeholders globally and within individual countries will demonstrate a real commitment to translate policy statements into actions, it is unlikely that the goal will be reached. A substantial increase in the resources for reproductive health care services is needed, and the human resource crises in the health care systems must be urgently addressed. Epidemiologists have an important role to play by designing randomized controlled trials for estimating the effect of different health care systems interventions aimed at reducing maternal mortality and other major health problems in low resource settings. The public health importance of such trials may be greater than the potential benefit of randomized trials for investigating effects of new vaccines and drugs. Within the field of perinatal epidemiology the disparity in public health importance of research conducted in the rich versus the poor world is glaring. Time is overdue for perinatal epidemiologists to turn their attention to the areas of the world where the maternal and perinatal health problems are overwhelming.
Passiv røyking og risiko for hjerteinfarkt
Authors: Dybing Erik , Sanner Tore
Published: June 2016

SAMMENDRAGTobakksrøyk består av en kompleks blanding av et stort antall kjemiske forbindelser, vesentlig dannet vedufullstendig forbrenning av tobakk. Begrepet passiv røyking brukes når en person puster i luft som erforurenset med tobakksrøyk. Ved passiv røyking vil en person kunne få i seg like mye av enkelte stoffer itobakksrøyken som om vedkommende selv hadde røykt opptil flere sigaretter. I artikkelen er det foretatt engjennomgang av publiserte undersøkelser i forbindelse med hjertesykdommer og passiv røyking. Passivrøyking reduserer blodets transport av oksygen til myokard, samt hjertemuskulaturens evne til å brukeoksygenet i dannelsen av adenosintrifosfat (ATP). Passiv røyking øker blodplatenes aktivitet. I dyreforsøker det funnet at tobakksrøyk fremskynder aterosklerotiske skader, samt forsterker vevskaden ved reperfusjon.Ikke-røykere som daglig er utsatt for passiv røyking over lengre tid, har en økt risiko både for dødeligog ikke-dødelig hjertesykdom. Det er anslått at det her i landet årlig dør mellom 300 og 500 (henholdsvislavt og høyt estimat) ikke-røykere som følge av hjertesykdom forårsaket av passiv røyking.Dybing E, Sanner T. Passive smoking and risk of heart disease. Nor J Epidemiol 1995; 5 (2): 135-140. ENGLISH SUMMARYEnvironmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a complex mixture of a large number of chemical substancesprimarily generated by the incomplete combustion of tobacco. The term passive smoking is used when aperson breathes in air contaminated with ETS. Passive smoking reduces the blood’s ability to deliveroxygen to the myocardium, and reduces the ability of the heart muscle to use oxygen in the formation ofadenosine triphosphate. Passive smoking activates blood platelets. Animal experiments have shown thatETS accelerates the development of atherosclerosis. Nonsmokers exposed to ETS daily for long periodshave an increased risk for fatal and nonfatal heart disease. It is estimated that annually 300-500 (low andhigh estimate, respectively) nonsmokers in Norway die due to heart disease caused by passive smoking
Beskytter røyking mot Parkinsons sykdom
Authors: Flaten Trond Peder
Published: June 2016

SAMMENDRAGDen negative sammenhengen mellom røyking og Parkinsons sykdom i epidemiologiske studier er robust.Det er prosentvis færre røykere og eks-røykere blant Parkinson-pasienter enn blant kontrollpersoner.Videre har røykere en lavere insidens og en lavere dødelighet enn andre av Parkinsons sykdom. Det er etåpent spørsmål om dette skyldes en beskyttende virkning av nikotin eller andre stoffer i tobakksrøyk somhydrazin eller karbonmonoksid, eller om det skyldes andre, underliggende faktorer. De mest aktuelle slikefaktorer er (1) selektiv dødelighet, altså at mange røykere ikke overlever lenge nok til å utvikleParkinsons sykdom, og (2) at personer som utvikler Parkinsons sykdom ofte har karaktertrekk som gjørdet mindre sannsynlig at de begynner å røyke. Det vitenskapelige grunnlaget er i alle fall for tynt for åanbefale røyking som et forebyggende virkemiddel mot Parkinsons sykdom. Og selv om det skulle viseseg at røyking virkelig beskytter mot sykdommen, veier de negative helsevirkningene av røyking myetyngre i folkehelsesammenheng. Allikevel bør denne assosiasjonen forfølges videre, ikke minst forpotensialet for en bedret forståelse av de underliggende patofysiologiske mekanismene bak sykdommen.Flaten TP. Does smoking protect against Parkinson’s disease? Nor J Epidemiol 1995; 5 (2): 145-150. ENGLISH SUMMARYIt is epidemiologically well established that Parkinson's disease is about twice as common among nonsmokers as among smokers. Whether this is due to a protective effect of nicotine or other compounds in cigarette smoke like hydrazine or carbon monoxide, or whether it is due to some other, confounding factor(s), remains to be established. The most relevant confounding factors are (1) selective mortality, that is, many smokers do not survive long enough to develop Parkinson's disease, and (2) that persons who eventually develop Parkinson's disease tend to have a preclinical personality type that makes them less likely to pick up the smoking habit. In any case, the scientific basis is not strong enough to recommend smoking as a preventive strategy in Parkinson's disease. And even if it were clearly demonstrated that smoking protects against the disease, the known adverse effects of smoking are so serious that any beneficial effects on Parkinson's disease could not possibly compensate for this hazard. However, unraveling the mechanism behind the reduced risk of Parkinson's disease in smokers may provide clues to an improved understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms behind the disease.
Occurrence and Clinicopathologic Features of Splenic Neoplasia Based on Body Weight: 325 Dogs (2003–2013)
Authors: Sherwood J. Matthew , Haynes April M. , Klocke Emily , Higginbotham Mary Lynn , Thomson Elizabeth M. , Weng Hsin-Yi , Towle Millard Heather A.
Published: June 2016

Medical records of 396 dogs undergoing splenectomy for treatment of a splenic mass or nodular disease were reviewed retrospectively. Overall distribution of histopathologic diagnosis and clinicopathologic features were evaluated for 325 dogs that met inclusion criteria. Dogs were dichotomized into two groups based on weight, with the statistically derived cutoff identified as 27.8 kg. Malignancy was diagnosed in 58% of dogs, with no difference between small (55%) and large (61%) dogs (P = .291). Overall, 32% of splenic masses were hemangiosarcoma (HSA), which comprised 25 and 39% of all masses in small and large dogs, respectively. The diagnosis of HSA, non-HSA malignancy, or benign splenic disease was significantly different between the groups (P = .019). Of malignant diagnoses, HSA comprised 46 and 65% of small and large dog splenic neoplasms, respectively (P = .009). In both groups, dogs with HSA were significantly more likely to have preoperative anemia, hemoabdomen, thrombocytopenia, and a blood transfusion, as compared to dogs with non-HSA malignancy or benign lesions. Overall, dogs had similar odds of having a malignant splenic lesion regardless of weight, but dogs ≤27.8 kg were significantly less likely to be diagnosed with HSA.
Framed messages effects on readmissions
Authors: Halpin Angela P. , Hodge Felicia S.
Published: June 2016

Objective: As the eighth leading cause of death in the US, pneumonia (PN) is relevant to the health of the elderly and young. Accountability for readmission is part of the Affordable Care Act’s Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (RRP), which levies penalties for readmissions. We examined communication using framing effects which can motivate patients’ decisions collaboratively with providers for post discharge care and readmissions prevention. Communication strategies (CS) can facilitate decision-making (DM) about health care choices. The project’s aims were to (1) compare CS of framing effects (positive or negative messages) on the readmission outcome 30 days post discharge; (2) assess PN readmissions decrease 30 days post discharge when CS include the patient/family in decisions about transitions; (3) determine the impact of between patients and HCPs agreement for post hospital care, and (4) examine confounding effects between framing effects and readmission rates of age, PN severity index (PSI), and the number of diagnoses.Methods: A double-blind randomized control trial (RCT) used parallel assignment of 153 PN patients to one of three arms to test the communication framing effects using power analysis, odds ratio, Fischer’s exact and ANOVA. Arm A was the Intervention positive framing group (n = 44), arm B was the Intervention Negative framing group (n = 65), and arm C was the control group (n = 44).Conclusions: Findings suggest that framed messages aid in the reduction of PN readmission rates in hospitals. DM strategies incorporates education and understanding of risk by the patient, so the healthcare teams can encourage and improve readmission outcomes.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Marketing Studies, Vol. 8, No. 3
Authors: Xiao Maple
Published: June 2016

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Marketing Studies, Vol. 8, No. 3, 2016.
Estructura cognitiva y fenomenología: el caso de la sucesión convergente
Authors: Claros Francisco Javier , Coriat Moisés , Sánchez Compaña Teresa
Published: June 2016

Esta investigación describe conexiones o nexos entre algunas «celdas» de la estructura cognitiva (Vinner, 1991) y los fenómenos, en el sentido de Freudenthal (1983), organizados por una definición de límite finito de una sucesión, así como los fenómenos organizados por una sucesión de Cauchy (Claros, 2010). Estas conexiones surgieron cuando afrontamos el objetivo de proponer secuencias didácticas destinadas a abordar en el aula el límite finito de una sucesión y las sucesiones de Cauchy. Estas secuencias didácticas apelan al uso de los fenómenos de aproximación intuitiva y retroalimentación descritos por Claros (2010) y los sitúan como elementos indispensables en la construcción de un concepto imagen de una sucesión convergente o de una imagen de la demostración (Kidron y Dreyfuss, 2014). Estas dos «celdas» de la estructura cognitiva ayudan en la elaboración del concepto definición de una sucesión con límite.
El imaginario social de la energía atómica en los manuales escolares españoles de Física y Química: análisis de un lenguaje específico
Authors: Gonzalez Cloute Jose Maria , González Gil María Isabel , Somoza Rodríguez Miguel
Published: June 2016

En este artículo se analiza el lenguaje específico utilizado en las lecciones nucleares y atómicas de los libros de texto españoles de Física y Química durante la segunda mitad del siglo xx.A lo largo de este periodo, el imaginario social de la energía nuclear experimentó una importante evolución. Del entusiasmo inicial por la energía atómica se pasó a las dudas sobre su seguridad y utilidad. Esta transformación puede ser identificada en el cambio del lenguaje específico utilizado por los libros de texto.En los primeros años, la investigación atómica fue descrita con un lenguaje pleno de imágenes bélicas, junto con expresiones religiosas y muchos cálculos exagerados del potencial de la energía nuclear. Los jóvenes estudiantes de la época construyeron un imaginario de la energía nuclear a partir de los libros de texto de Física y Química.
Créditos vol. 34, n.2, junio 2016
Authors: Enseñanza de las Ciencias Revista
Published: June 2016

Créditos
Use of an HIV‐risk screening tool to identify optimal candidates for PrEP scale‐up among men who have sex with men in Toronto, Canada: disconnect between objective and subjective HIV risk
Authors: Wilton James , Kain Taylor , Fowler Shawn , Hart Trevor A , Grennan Troy , Maxwell John , Tan Darrell HS
Published: June 2016

Introduction

Identifying appropriate pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) candidates is a challenge in planning for the safe and effective roll‐out of this strategy. We explored the use of a validated HIV risk screening tool, HIV Incidence Risk Index for Men who have Sex with Men (HIRI‐MSM), to identify “optimal” candidates among MSM testing at a busy sexual health clinic's community testing sites in Toronto, Canada.

Methods

Between November 2014 and April 2015, we surveyed MSM undergoing anonymous HIV testing at community testing sites in Toronto, Canada, to quantify “optimal” candidates for scaling up PrEP roll‐out, defined as being at high objective HIV risk (scoring ≥10 on the HIRI‐MSM), perceiving oneself at moderate‐to‐high HIV risk and being willing to use PrEP. Cascades were constructed to identify barriers to broader PrEP uptake. The association between HIRI‐MSM score and both willingness to use PrEP and perceived HIV risk were explored in separate multivariable logistic regression analyses.

Results

Of 420 respondents, 64.4% were objectively at high risk, 52.5% were willing to use PrEP and 27.2% perceived themselves at moderate‐to‐high HIV risk. Only 16.4% were “optimal” candidates. Higher HIRI‐MSM scores were positively associated with both willingness to use PrEP (aOR=1.7 per 10 score increase, 95%CI=1.3–2.2) and moderate‐to‐high perceived HIV risk (aOR=1.7 per 10 score increase, 95%CI=1.2–2.3). The proportion of men who were “optimal” candidates increased to 42.9% when the objective HIV risk cut‐off was changed to top quartile of HIRI‐MSM scores (≥26). In our full cascade, a very low proportion (5.3%) of MSM surveyed could potentially benefit from PrEP under current conditions. The greatest barrier in the cascade was low perception of HIV risk among high‐risk men, but considerable numbers were also lost in downstream cascade steps. Of men at high objective HIV risk, 68.3% did not perceive themselves to be at moderate‐to‐high HIV risk, 23.6% were unaware of PrEP, 40.1% were not willing to use PrEP, 47.6% lacked a family physician with whom they felt comfortable discussing sexual health, and 31.6% had no means to cover the cost of PrEP.

Conclusions

A higher HIRI‐MSM cut‐off may be helpful for identifying candidates for PrEP scale‐up. Improving engagement in the PrEP cascade will require interventions to simultaneously address multiple barriers.
Hysteresis behavior of Kerr frequency comb generation in a high-quality-factor whispering-gallery-mode microcavity
Authors: Kato Takumi , Chen-Jinnai Akitoshi , Nagano Takuma , Kobatake Tomoya , Suzuki Ryo , Yoshiki Wataru , Tanabe Takasumi
Published: June 2016

A numerical and experimental study of Kerr frequency comb generation in a silica toroid microcavity is presented. We use a generalized mean-field Lugiato–Lefever equation and solve it with the split-step Fourier method. We observe that a stable mode-locked regime can be accessed when we reduce the input power after strong pumping due to the bistable nature of the nonlinear cavity system used. The experimental results agree well with the results of the numerical analysis, where we obtain a low-noise Kerr comb spectrum by gradually reducing the pumping input after strong pumping. This finding complements the results obtained by a previous wavelength scanning method and clarifies the procedure for achieving mode-locked states in such high-Q microcavity systems.