bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turbulent Erosion of Persistent Cold-Air Pools: Numerical Simulations*
Authors: Lareau Neil P. , Horel John D.
Published: October 2014

High-resolution idealized numerical simulations are used to examine the turbulent removal of cold-air pools commonly observed in mountain valleys and basins. A control simulation with winds aloft increasing from 0.5 to 20 m s−1 over 20 h combined with typical cold-air pool stratification illustrates the interplay over time of lowering of the top of the cold-air pool, spillover downstream of the valley from the upper reaches of the cold-air pool, wavelike undulations affecting the cold-air pool’s depth and stratification across the valley, and smaller temporal- and spatial-scale Kelvin–Helmholtz waves within the uppermost layers of the cold-air pool. The heat budget within the cold-air pool demonstrates the nearly compensating effects of vertical and horizontal advection combined with turbulent heating of the upper portion of the cold-air pool and cooling in the layers immediately above the cold-air pool. Sensitivities of turbulent mixing in cold-air pools to stratification and upstream terrain are examined. Although the characteristics of the turbulent mixing differ as the stratification and topography are modified, a bulk parameter [the cold-air pool Froude number (Fr)] characterizes the onset and amplification of turbulent mixing and the time of cold-air pool removal. When Fr > 1, Kelvin–Helmholtz waves and turbulent heat fluxes commence. Turbulent heat flux and wave activity increase until Fr = 2, after which the cold-air pool breaks down and is removed from the valley. The rate of cold-air pool removal is proportional to its strength; that is, a strong inversion generates larger heat fluxes once turbulent erosion is underway.
Regional Atmospheric Circulation and Rainfall Variability in South Equatorial Africa
Authors: Dezfuli Amin K. , Zaitchik Benjamin F. , Gnanadesikan Anand
Published: October 2014

This study examines daily precipitation data during December–March over south equatorial Africa (SEA) and proposes a new zonal asymmetric pattern (ZAP) that explains the leading mode of weather-scale precipitation variability in the region. The eastern and western components of the ZAP, separated at about 30°E, appear to be a consequence of an anomalous zonal atmospheric cell triggered by enhanced low-level westerly winds. The enhanced westerlies are generated by a diagonal interhemispheric pressure gradient between the southwestern Indian and north tropical Atlantic Oceans. In eastern SEA these winds hit the East African Plateau, producing low-level convergence and convection that further intensifies the westerlies. In western SEA a subsiding branch develops in response, closing the circulation cell. The system gradually dissipates as the pressure gradient weakens. Through this mechanism, simultaneous changes in two hemispheres generate a regional zonally oriented circulation that relies on climatic communication between eastern and western equatorial Africa.
Teaching Social Justice in Counseling Psychology
Authors: Motulsky Sue L. , Gere Susan H. , Saleem Rakhshanda , Trantham Sidney M.
Published: October 2014

Recent years have witnessed increased calls from counseling psychology to include social justice competencies in the training of future practitioners. Integration of social justice awareness, advocacy skills, and opportunities for social change action are needed extensions of the field’s commitment to multicultural competency. Classroom teaching is a key component of transforming counseling psychology curricula and of developing students’ awareness of the value of social justice perspectives, yet pedagogical applications are rarely present in the literature. This article provides a case example of the integration of social justice and multicultural consciousness across the curriculum of one counseling psychology program. It highlights examples of innovative pedagogical techniques within a variety of core courses. We present specific examples of readings and nontraditional teaching approaches to promote social justice consciousness, including experiential exercises, self-reflection opportunities, use of video and online discussions, and assignments.
The Securitization of Security
Authors: Hill Thomas
Published: October 2014

While the meaning and general implications of the ongoing “securitization revolution” within the American real estate market have been a consistent point of focus in the social science literature of recent years (see Harvey, The Enigma of Capital [Oxford University Press, 2010]; Brenner and Theodore, Spaces of Neoliberalism [Oxford University Press, 2004]; Gotham, “The Secondary Circuit of Capital Reconsidered,” American Journal of Sociology [July 2006]), few academic studies have attempted to examine the political, economic, and social effects of securitization in situ. While the aforementioned scholars have been quick to condemn the rapid ascendance of such innovations as mortgage-backed securities (MBS) or multinational Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) on a theoretical level, no serious academic study to date has attempted to place these innovations in context by examining their rise and effects within the political, economic, and developmental trajectory of any one particular geographic region.

This article fills this gap within American urban history by examining the dynamic relationship between real estate-related financial innovations (specifically, REITs) and the political economy of one American county: Fairfax County, Virginia. Fairfax County’s consistent economic growth and resilience in the face of recession (owing to the prevalence of defense contractors operating in the county) have made its real estate market especially prominent as an outlet for transnational investment, and thus an ideal place for the study of the multifaceted effects of real estate securitization at the local level. By focusing exclusively on Fairfax County, this article offers a much more complex picture of securitization, its causes, and its effects than that typically offered by the existing social science literature. By examining securitization within the defined geographic and historical context of Fairfax County, this article elaborates, first, the various conditions that allowed Fairfax County to become a veritable proving ground for real estate-related financial innovations in the late-20th and 21st centuries; and, consequently, the multifaceted (and sometimes ambiguous) effects of those innovations for the political and economic structure of the county.
Swimming-induced pulmonary oedema in two triathletes: a novel pathophysiological explanation
Authors: Casey Helen , Dastidar Amardeep Ghosh , MacIver David
Published: October 2014

Lesson

Swimming-induced pulmonary oedema/edema (SIPO/SIPE) is likely to become commoner with increasing popularity of endurance sports meaning an increased awareness by participants, organisers and medical personnel is important, especially as individuals are at increased risk of future life threatening episodes and drowning if an accurate diagnosis and appropriate advice are not given. The most important risk factors we identified are a highly trained individual, competitive exercise, hypertension and cold environment.
Comparing street demonstrations
Authors: Klandermans Bert , van Stekelenburg Jacquelien , Walgrave Stefaan
Published: October 2014

This introductory article provides a short account of the theoretical framework and the methodological set-up of a comparative study of street demonstrations. The following articles in this issue report results from this study. The data on over 90 street demonstrations and more than 17,000 participants were collected between November 2009 and Summer 2012 in nine different countries: Belgium, Czech Republic, Italy, Mexico, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK. This introductory article presents the focal theme of the project – the impact of contextual variation on mobilization dynamics, the composition of the crowd and the demonstrators’ motives. The various contextual layers we are distinguishing are discussed. Following the theoretical framework the methodological set-up is presented. Identical measures and procedures are employed in all individual protest surveys. This introduction discusses the sampling procedures; but as each article concerns a different set of measures, the selection employed is discussed in the individual articles. The introduction concludes with an overview of the articles included.
Increased myo-inositol level in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in migraine patients with major depression
Authors: Lirng Jiing-Feng , Chen Hung-Chieh , Fuh Jong-Ling , Tsai Chia-Fen , Liang Jen-Feng , Wang Shuu-Jiun
Published: October 2014

Background

Although the comorbidity between migraine and major depressive disorder (MDD) has been recognized, the pathophysiology remains unclear. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is a well-known neural substrate for MDD. We investigated the relationship between brain metabolites in DLPFC and comorbid MDD in migraine patients.

Methods

We recruited migraine patients from a tertiary headache clinic. A board-certified psychiatrist conducted a structured interview for MDD diagnosis. The severity of depression was evaluated by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Thirty migraine patients (five men, 25 women; mean age: 40.4 ± 12.4 years) completed the study, and 16 of them were diagnosed with MDD. All patients underwent a magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) examination focusing on bilateral DLPFC. The ratios of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), and myo-inositol (mI) to total creatine (tCr) were compared between migraine patients with and without MDD, and were correlated with BDI scores.

Results

Relative to patients without MDD, migraine patients with MDD had higher mI/tCr ratios in the bilateral DLPFC ( p = 0.02, left; p = 0.02, right, Mann-Whitney U test). The mI/tCr ratios in the right DLPFC were positively correlated with BDI scores ( r = 0.52, p = 0.003). The NAA/tCr and Cho/tCr ratios did not differ between migraine patients with and without MDD.

Conclusion

Increased mI/tCr within the DLPFC might be associated with the presence of MDD in migraine patients.
Indigenous Women’s Resilience and Resistance to Historical Oppression
Authors: Burnette Catherine E.
Published: October 2014

This article broadens awareness about the resilience of indigenous women from one southeastern tribe in the United States and critically analyzes the societal constraints that have impaired their status and power. Throughout colonization, the centrality and authority experienced by indigenous women has been impaired by clashing beliefs and practices. Despite experiencing historical oppression, these women have continuously resisted colonial subjugation and have demonstrated resilience in response to adversity. Currently, some indigenous women are experiencing a resurgence of power and status, as they fill the highest ranks of political and leadership roles within their community.
Clinicopathological Study of Patients With C9ORF72-Associated Frontotemporal Dementia Presenting With Delusions
Authors: Shinagawa Shunichiro , Naasan Georges , Karydas Anna M. , Coppola Giovanni , Pribadi Mochtar , Seeley William W. , Trojanowski John Q. , Miller Bruce L. , Grinberg Lea T.
Published: October 2014

Background:

Several clinical studies point to a high prevalence of psychotic symptoms in frontotemporal dementia associated with C9ORF72 mutations, but clinicopathological studies addressing the association between C9ORF72 mutations and delusions are lacking.

Method:

Seventeen patients with pathologically proven frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) associated with C9ORF72 mutations were identified from Neurodegenerative Disease Brain Bank. Of the 17 cases with C9ORF72 mutation, 4 exhibited well-defined delusions. The clinical history, neurological examination, neuropsychological testing, neuroimaging analysis, and postmortem assessment of the patients with delusions were evaluated and compared with the other cases.

Result:

The content of the delusions was mixed including persecution, infidelity, and grandiosity. All cases showed parkinsonism; voxel-based morphometry analysis showed greater precuneus atrophy in patients with delusions than those without delusions. All 4 had unclassifiable FTLD with TAR DNA-binding protein inclusions, with characteristics of both type A and type B. Three cases had additional τ pathology and another had α-synuclein pathology.

Conclusion:

C9ORF72 carriers with well-defined delusions likely associated with additional pathologies and parietal atrophy in neuroimaging. Patients presenting with middle-aged onset of delusions should be screened for C9ORF72 mutations, especially if family history and parkinsonism are present.
Grid, Group, and Grade
Authors: Maleki Ammar , Hendriks Frank
Published: October 2014

Grid–Group Cultural Theory (CT), developed by Mary Douglas and followers, is a well-known and often-used framework for the analysis of culture in the political–administrative world. Although Douglas herself was rather wary of detailed operationalization of CT, many scholars have tried to measure Grid and Group and tested implications of the theory along these dimensions at different levels of analysis, within or between nations. In this article, we recognize and discuss some grave challenges surrounding the operationalization of Grid and Group, particularly at the cross-national level. Presenting distinct facets of Group and Grid, we debate that in some measurements, divergent and unrelated cultural attributes are used in the operationalization of Grid and Group, making validity and reliability of such operationalization problematic. We also exhibit that Grid and Group cannot cover some cultural variances between or within societies; hence, we introduce and elaborate on a third dimension: “Grade.” We demonstrate that this dimension is missing and much-needed in CT.
From Elders’ Wisdom to Brave Migrants
Authors: Aguirre-Sulem Evelyn Puga
Published: October 2014

Mexico–US migration studies have become increasingly gender-sensitive in the last two decades. However, few studies have applied a gender analysis to the study of indigenous Mexican migration. Social sciences research that has included a gender and ethnic approach in Mexican–US migration scholarship has mainly focused on women and the transformation of gender relations of those who physically migrate. Those studies have filled an important lacuna and also have made evident the corresponding gap in knowledge about those who do not physically migrate and men. Moreover, because public records assume that men are the norm, the study of men as gendered subjects has been largely obscured. This article presents interdisciplinary work on indigenous Mexican transnational migration from a gender perspective, explores and questions the role of transnational migration in the transformation and emergence of masculinities, and then suggests how research in men’s studies might help to broaden and enrich the study of Mexican indigenous masculinity. Based on fieldwork carried out in a Zapotec indigenous community in Oaxaca, Mexico, and in the cities of Anaheim and Los Angeles, California, this work examines how indigenous masculinities are reconfigured through their migration experiences (work activities and interaction in community-base organizations) and how they have impacted the understandings of masculinities back home. Previous to the present high levels of migration, hegemonic Zapotec indigenous masculinity was based on elderly wisdom power arrangements; however, the particular trajectory of the migratory phenomenon has started to give way to the masculinity represented by the “brave” and experienced migrant.
Spectral considerations for outdoor lighting: Designing for perceived scene brightness
Authors: Rea MS , Bullough JD , Brons JA
Published: October 2014

Photopic illuminance is the photometric metric used today for specifying parking lot lighting levels. The photopic luminous efficiency function does not represent the spectral sensitivity of the perceived scene brightness of parking lots. Sources with a greater proportion of short-wavelength radiation will be seen as brighter for the same photopic illuminance. Moreover, the psychological benefit of providing people with a sense of safety and security in a parking lot is better correlated with the perceived brightness of the parking lot than with its photopic illuminance. Because photopic illuminance is not predictive of the psychological benefit expected from the parking lot lighting system, electric energy will be unnecessarily wasted if specifications are based upon this metric. Specifying parking lot lighting with a benefit metric based upon perceived scene brightness could reduce electric power requirements as well as the amount of radiant energy reflecting from the pavement and escaping into the night sky. A method of equating brightness for different spectral power distributions is provided.
Spectral considerations for outdoor lighting: Consequences for sky glow
Authors: Rea MS , Bierman A
Published: October 2014

It is well known that the magnitude of sky glow on a clear night depends upon the aerosol content in the atmosphere and the spectral power distribution (amount and spectrum). Sources with a greater proportion of short-wavelength radiation produce more backscattered radiation, but as aerosol density increases, the differential effect of spectrum becomes smaller. Sky glow magnitude also depends upon the operating characteristics of the detector and will be greater when the spectrum of the backscattered radiation is tuned to the spectral band-pass characteristics of the detector. The human visual system is most often used to assess sky glow magnitude, but its spectral response is not limited to a single, univariate detector. Rather, the retina is composed of many neural channels, each with its own spectral and absolute sensitivities to optical radiation. Since we can use a different neural channel to see an individual star than we do to gain an overall impression of sky brightness, changes to the spectral power distribution of backscattered radiation differentially, and simultaneously, affect one’s ability to see a single star and to assess sky brightness. A general method for assessing sky glow based upon aerosol content, spectral power distribution and the specific operating characteristics of a detector, human or otherwise, is offered.
Role of xenogenous bovine platelet gel embedded within collagen implant on tendon healing: an in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Oryan Ahmad , Moshiri Ali , Meimandi-Parizi Abdolhamid , Maffulli Nicola
Published: October 2014

Surgical reconstruction of large Achilles tendon defects is demanding. Platelet concentrates may be useful to favor healing in such conditions. The characteristics of bovine platelet-gel embedded within a collagen-implant were determined in vitro, and its healing efficacy was examined in a large Achilles tendon defect in rabbits. Two cm of the left Achilles tendon of 60 rabbits were excised, and the animals were randomly assigned to control (no implant), collagen-implant, or bovine-platelet-gel-collagen-implant groups. The tendon edges were maintained aligned using a Kessler suture. No implant was inserted in the control group. In the two other groups, a collagen-implant or bovine-platelet-gel-collagen-implant was inserted in the defect. The bioelectricity and serum platelet-derived growth factor levels were measured weekly and at 60 days post injury, respectively. After euthanasia at 60 days post injury, the tendons were tested at macroscopic, microscopic, and ultrastructural levels, and their dry matter and biomechanical performances were also assessed. Another 60 rabbits were assigned to receive no implant, a collagen-implant, or a bovine-platelet-gel-collagen-implant, euthanized at 10, 20, 30, and 40 days post injury, and their tendons were evaluated grossly and histologically to determine host-graft interactions. Compared to the control and collagen-implant, treatment with bovine-platelet-gel-collagen-implant improved tissue bioelectricity and serum platelet-derived growth factor levels, and increased cell proliferation, differentiation, and maturation. It also increased number, diameter, and density of the collagen fibrils, alignment and maturation of the collagen fibrils and fibers, biomechanical properties and dry matter content of the injured tendons at 60 days post injury. The bovine-platelet-gel-collagen-implant also increased biodegradability, biocompatibility, and tissue incorporation behavior of the implant compared to the collagen-implant alone. This treatment also decreased tendon adhesion, muscle fibrosis, and atrophy, and improved the physical activity of the animals. The bovine-platelet-gel-collagen-implant was effective in neotenon formation in vivo, which may be valuable in the clinical setting.
Protracted Recovery From a Concussion
Authors: Kostyun Regina O. , Hafeez Imran
Published: October 2014

Background:

Several studies have demonstrated that age and sex may influence concussion recovery time frames, with female athletes and adolescents being potentially more susceptible to a protracted recovery course. Currently, limited work has examined the influence sex may have on concussion management strategies and treatment interventions, especially for younger individuals suffering persistent concussion symptoms and cognitive dysfunctions.

Hypothesis:

Female athletes are prescribed more treatment interventions than male athletes during a protracted recovery from a concussion.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Methods:

Data were retrospectively collected for adolescent athletes presenting to a sports medicine concussion clinic between September 2010 and September 2011.

Results:

A total of 266 adolescent athletes were evaluated and treated for concussion. Female athletes had a longer recovery course ( P = 0.002) and required more treatment interventions ( P < 0.001) for their symptoms and dysfunction. Female athletes were more likely to require academic accommodations ( P < 0.001), vestibular therapy ( P < 0.001), or medication ( P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Medical providers should be aware that during the recovery course, adolescent female athletes may require a management plan that will most likely include additional treatment interventions beyond the standard cognitive and physical rest.

Clinical Relevance:

Treatment interventions are more commonly prescribed for adolescent female athletes than for adolescent male athletes during a protracted recovery from a concussion. This highlights the need for identifying evidence-based clinical management guidelines that focus on sex, especially when dealing with persistent concussion symptoms and cognitive dysfunctions.
Ruling in or out a source of gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Sonnenberg Amnon
Published: October 2014

Background and aims

The search for a source of gastrointestinal bleeding is associated with two distinct approaches of trying to rule in a specific diagnosis or rule out any potential source of bleeding. The study aim was to understand the conceptual differences underlying the two searches.

Methods

The performance of endoscopy as diagnostic test is analyzed in terms of Bayes’ formula.

Results

The performance of gastrointestinal endoscopy to rule in a suspected lesion is mostly influenced by its underlying specificity. Because the specificity of endoscopy is less likely to be affected by procedural exigencies, the demands on pre‐procedural prep and general quality can be more relaxed. In contradistinction, the performance of endoscopy to rule out a suspected bleeding site is mostly influenced by its sensitivity, which can easily be compromised by suboptimal procedural conditions.

Conclusions

Paradoxically, the more urgent, focused, and important search (to rule in a bleeding site), carries less stringent criteria for its execution than the more general and aimless search (to rule out a bleeding site) that frequently ends up just empty handed.
Researchers Outside APC-Financed Open Access
Authors: Burchardt Jørgen
Published: October 2014

The article processing charge (APC) financed Open Access is a publication model that provides immediate and free access to scientific articles. More than half of the world’s Open Access articles are published according to this concept. However, a side effect of the model is that research is not published if researchers cannot pay the publication charge. The study examines the nature of this phenomenon, its extent, and implications. The study places a special focus on authors who are not affiliated with a research institution. The proportion of these authors is identified among 2,184 Danish authors in Danish periodicals in 2010. The possibility for poor researchers to receive compensation from publishers is investigated as well. Paying the APC is a problem for many researchers—represented by around 30% of authors who have published in Danish journals (unemployed scientists, students, as well as retired and private employees). Grants from publishers exist, but they are small and too uncertain to ensure that research is published optimally. This study predicts that a large amount of valuable research risks not being published if this publishing model dominates without alternatives or countermeasures.
Can I get a witness?
Authors: Falade Olufunmilayo , Pinsky Michael R
Published: October 2014

No abstract
Relationship of fluconazole prophylaxis with fungal microbiology in hospitalized intra-abdominal surgery patients: a descriptive cohort study
Authors: Zilberberg Marya , Yu Hsing-Ting , Chaudhari Paresh , Emons Matthew F , Khandelwal Nikhil , Shorr Andrew F
Published: October 2014

Introduction

Historically, Candida albicans has represented the most common cause of candidemia. However, the proportion of bloodstream infections due to non-albicans Candida species has increased. Because of the risk for candidemia in intra-abdominal surgical patients, some experts advocate the use of fluconazole prophylaxis. The impact of this practice on the distribution of Candida species isolated in breakthrough fungal infections in this population is unknown. We examined the association of fluconazole prophylaxis with the distribution of Candida species in intra-abdominal surgery patients.

Methods

We retrospectively identified cases with a positive blood culture (BCx) for Candida among hospitalized adult intra-abdominal surgery patients between July 2005 and October 2012. Distribution of Candida species isolated represented our primary endpoint. Qualifying surgical cases were determined based on a review of discharge International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes. Patients receiving low-dose fluconazole prior to the positive BCx with a known indication for prophylaxis including neutropenia, ICU exposure or history of organ transplantation were classified as prophylaxis. Appropriateness of fungal treatment was determined by the timing and selection of antifungal agent based on fungal isolate.

Results

Among 10,839 intra-abdominal surgery patients, 227 had candidemia. The most common Candida species isolated was C. albicans (n = 90, 39.6%) followed by C. glabrata (n = 81, 35.7%) and C. parapsilosis (n = 38, 16.7%). Non-albicans Candida accounted for 57.7% of isolates among the 194 non-prophylaxis patients and 75.8% among the 33 prophylaxis patients (P = 0.001). C. glabrata, the most common non-C. albicans species, was more prevalent than C. albicans in persons given prophylaxis, but not in those without prophylaxis. A total of 63% of those with candidemia were treated inappropriately based on the timing and selection of antifungal administration.

Conclusions

Selection pressure from fluconazole prophylaxis in at-risk surgical patients may be associated with a drift toward fluconazole-resistant species in subsequent candidemia. Tools are needed to guide appropriate treatment through the prompt recognition and characterization of candidemia.
Using anti-platelet therapy to prevent extracorporeal membrane oxygenator thrombosis without heparin resistance and with thrombocytopenia
Authors: He Huai-Wu , Zhou Xiang , Long Yun , Wang Xiao-ting , Zhang Qing , Zhao Hua , Zhang Hong-min , Chai Wen-zhao , Liu Da-Wei
Published: October 2014

No abstract
Wavelet balancing for residual moveouts
Authors: Harlan William S.
Published: October 2014

Conventional moveout analysis stretches and squeezes traces to increase the coherence of reflected amplitudes in prestack seismic gathers. Higher order residual moveouts require increasingly difficult scans of semblances with extra dimensions or picking from correlations with many local minima. Alternatively, we can model our data with an adaptive convolution that assumes consistent reflectivities at all offsets (or angles). Short, convolutional wavelets can adjust residual moveouts arbitrarily with offset, but slowly with time (or depth). A Gauss-Newton optimization easily inverts this transform by minimizing a least-squares objective function. With estimated and normalized wavelets, we deconvolved the original data to remove phase and spectral distortions that affected more than one reflection. By constraining how slowly wavelets adapt, we retained phase and amplitude changes distinctive to individual reflections. Deconvolution also avoided any explicit smoothing or mixing of amplitudes among traces. Estimated wavelets captured residual coherence and were easier to track visually than individually weak reflections. By adjusting the length and number of independent dynamic wavelets, we can adjust the resolution to the redundancy supported by the data.
Seismic expression of salt tectonics in the Sab’atayn Basin, onshore Yemen
Authors: Tari Gabor , Dellmour Rudi , Rodgers Emma , Sultan Shaista , Al Atabi Abdo , Daud Farrukh , Salman Adel
Published: October 2014

A variety of distinct salt tectonic features are present in the Sab’atayn Basin of western Yemen. Based on the interpretation of 2D/3D seismic data and exploration wells in the central part of the basin, an Upper Jurassic evaporite unit produced numerous salt rollers, salt pillows, reactive, flip-flop, and falling diapirs. Halokinetics began as soon as the early Cretaceous, within just a few million years after the deposition of the Tithonian Sab’atayn evaporite sequence. The significant proportions of nonevaporite lithologies within the “salt” made the seismic interpretation of the salt features challenging. The evaporite sequence had been described by most as a syn-rift unit and therefore a strong correlation was assumed between the subsalt syn-rift basement architecture and the overlying diapirs and other salt-related features. However, seismic reflection and well data revealed a nonsystematic relationship between the salt diapirs and the subsalt basement highs. This observation has very important implications for the subsalt fractured basement play in the Sab’atayn Basin.
Deep-burial dissolution and brecciation in dolostone reservoirs: Striking similarities between the Devonian Keg River Formation of western Canada and the Ordovician Ellenburger group of west Texas
Authors: Dravis Jeffrey J. , Muir Iain D.
Published: October 2014

Deeper burial dissolution of dolomitized fabrics created most of the reservoir quality in several Devonian Keg River oil pools on the Comet Platform in northwestern Alberta, Canada. This process also created reservoir quality in two Ordovician Ellenburger dolostone oil pools on the Eastern Shelf of the Midland Basin in west Texas, and provided an alternative explanation for reservoir development unrelated to the subaerial karstification model. Several observations confirmed deeper burial dissolution of Keg River dolostones. First, dolomites replaced, or cemented, grains previously sutured by pressure solution. Their subsequent dissolution postdated this pressure solution, confirming burial dissolution. Second, late-forming saddle dolomites dissolved. Third, secondary porosity developed along, or cross cut, stylolites, often in zebra dolostone fabrics, or formed along fracture planes that cut stylolites. These burial fractures often intersected secondary pores, implying a causal relationship. Fourth, dolostone breccia clasts contained stylolites rotated at different angles to each other and the horizon, confirming deeper burial brecciation. In the Keg River Formation on Comet Platform, proximity to conjugate reactivated basement faults that developed off of a master wrench fault, the Hay River Shear Zone, controlled deeper burial dissolution and pool entrapment. Hydrothermal fluids, either calcium rich or acidic in composition, were moved along these faults and promoted extensive dissolution of completely dolomitized fabrics. Ellenburger dolostone reservoirs at Suggs and Withers Fields on the Eastern Shelf of Texas also resulted from deeper burial dissolution of completely dolomitized facies. The Keg River dissolution fabrics were replicated in Ellenburger samples, with the exception of zebra dolostones. Ellenburger reservoir development was closely aligned to faults and fractures associated with a master wrench fault, the Ft. Chadbourne Fault. These faults were inferred to have moved hot (possibly hydrothermal?), deeper burial diagenetic fluids that were calcium-rich, or periodically acidic, promoting dolomite dissolution and secondary porosity development.
Postapocalyptic Responsibility: Patriarchy at the End of the World in Cormac McCarthy’s The Road
Authors: Morgenstern Naomi
Published: October 2014

Cormac McCarthy’s 2006 novel, The Road, depicts a decidedly masculine subject contemplating a death that is simultaneously imagined as, and as taking place at, the end of the world. As such, the novel invites its dismissal as an extravagantly solipsistic elegy for patriarchy. But despite the narrative’s symptomatic displacement of the protagonist’s wife (the mother of his child), and notwithstanding its desperate idealization of the father-child relationship, The Road nevertheless bears the traces of an ethical encounter with the other that resists humanist or paternalist recuperation. This essay begins by reading The Road’s dystopic psycho-political terrain in terms offered by Melanie Klein and Jessica Benjamin. Klein’s trajectory from the paranoid-schizoid to the depressive position (and beyond) provides one way of thinking about how a subject responds to loss (and thus to the fear associated with one’s own or another’s death), but it also offers a persuasive account of the developmental movement in McCarthy’s novel. To what extent does The Road’s horrific mise-en-scène comprise a labor of mourning and a working toward relation? This essay also pays particular attention to the figure of the child in The Road and, by introducing the category of “ethical abandonment,” considers the extent to which McCarthy’s “son” fails to conform to Lee Edelman’s account of a hegemonically reproductive futurism.
Incandescence, Melancholy, and Feminist Bad Vibes: A Response to Ziarek’s Feminist Aesthetics and the Politics of Modernism
Authors: James Robin
Published: October 2014

Building on Ewa Ziarek’s account of “potentiality” and “incandescence” as feminist counter-modernisms, this essay argues that these aesthetic and political strategies have been co-opted by neoliberalism and domesticated into resilience discourse. This argument is made, in part, through a reading of singer Katy Perry’s 2012 song “Firework.” If resilience discourse is designed to automatically co-opt any and all transgression, deconstruction, critique, and opposition, how does one resist resilience? The second part of this article responds to that question, reworking Ziarek’s concept of melancholy and arguing that this updated concept is, if not an alternative to neoliberal resilience, then perhaps a feminist method of handling it. This melancholy isn’t the failure to get over a lack, but the failure to keep pace with accelerationism, the failure to overcome harder, better, faster, stronger. Melancholy is, in other words, radiance that’s either too fast or too slow: a bad vibe.
Systematic Experimental Charge Density: Linking Structural Modifications to Electron Density Distributions
Authors: Kirby Isabelle L , Pitak Mateusz B , Coles Simon J , Gale Philip A
Published: October 2014

Recent elegant examples illustrate the power of charge density analysis, employed in a systematic way, to link electron density distribution to molecular structure. This leads to new insights into important chemical systems and the effects of systematic modifications to them. The advances made in extracting the electron density distribution from standard resolution X-ray diffraction data and the subsequent use of this information in systematic studies are also described.
Species diversity, biomass accumulation and carbon sequestration in the understorey of post-agricultural Scots pine forests
Authors: Woziwoda Beata , Parzych Agnieszka , Kopeć Dominik
Published: October 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine how the age of a stand of post-agricultural Scots pine forests affects the species composition, biomass and the carbon stock of the forest understorey. The community structure and species composition were studied in 75 plots (100 m in size), the amount of biomass, organic carbon and total nitrogen were analysed in 75 subplots (1/16 m in size). The plots were located in 21 plantations with the stand age of 41â60, 61â80 and over 80-years. Results show that the understorey species diversity increased with the increasing age of Scots pine stands, and the structure and species composition of secondary forests (although managed for timber production) became similar to the fresh pine forest of the European temperate region ( community). Despite the increasing species diversity, however, only six understorey vascular and moss species played an important role in the biomass accumulation and C sequestration. Due to the differences in the dominant species composition, the total amount of understorey biomass significantly differed among the forest stands. The mean moss biomass ranged from 3046 kg ha in 41â60-year-old stands, trough 2686 kg ha in 61â80-year-old stands to 2273 kg ha in over 80-year-old stands, and the mean understorey vascular plant biomass amounted to 2 kg ha, 1924 kg ha and 3508 kg ha, respectively. The concentration of organic C varied considerably between species; it was the highest in (50.6%) and in (49.5%). The total mass of C was nearly 800 kg ha in the youngest forests, in the subsequent age series it was two times higher and 3.5 times higher in the oldest ones. Differences in the species composition and in the C/N ratio in different species (generally higher for vascular plants and lower for mosses) were expressed in an increase in the understorey C/N ratio, which was 39.5, 46.6 and 48.6, respectively.22Leucobryo-Pinetumâ1â1â1â1â1â1Vaccinium myrtillusDicranum polysetumâ1
Industrial policy, politics and competition: Assessing the post-crisis wind power industry
Authors: Lewis Joanna I.
Published: October 2014

Wind power remains one of the fastest growing energy sources in the world, even as countries have struggled to come back from the global economic crisis of 2008. Yet the sector's rise has been the product of a crucial shift in how governments approach renewable energy. To build political support for wind power, governments have added industrial policy instruments to traditional renewable energy deployment mechanisms. This paper argues that we are witnessing a rise in protectionism in the wind power sector growing out of specific political and economic challenges at the national level that have arisen in the period following the 2008 crisis. In addition, this paper demonstrates that protectionism, justified by a rationale of promoting local economic development, takes many forms, and countries have come up with ever more varied and sophisticated methods of using industrial policy to establish and protect nascent, strategic industries. Finally, it challenges conventional wisdom that protectionism is reserved for the emerging economies as either a strategy to improve economic competitiveness or as a short cut to technological innovation. It demonstrates that while these strategies do indeed persist in emerging economies, North America and Western Europe continue to protect their own wind industries, even as they initiate disputes with countries for implementing similar measures.
Everyday Life Sounds Database: Telemonitoring of Elderly or Disabled
Authors: Abdoune Leila , Fezari Mohamed
Published: October 2014

This article describes the construction phase of a corpus of everyday life sounds for a system of separation and classification of audio sources in a habitat: an application for telemonitoring of the elderly or disabled. We first present the key concepts of the research area, and then we present works and projects that address detection of distress situations and recognition of activities. Thereafter, we discuss the different sounds used in an application for telemonitoring, which inspired us to create our database. Finally, we present our experiment aimed at classifying the various environmental sounds in a habitat. The objective of this experiment is to present the global idea of our future work and to explain the necessity of creating a database of everyday life sounds.
Accurate numerical solutions of conservative nonlinear oscillators
Authors: Khan Najeeb Alam , Nasir Uddin Khan , Nadeem Alam Khan
Published: October 2014

The objective of this paper is to present an investigation
to analyze the vibration of a conservative nonlinear
oscillator in the form u" + lambda u + u^(2n-1) + (1 + epsilon^2 u^(4m))^(1/2) = 0
for any arbitrary power of n and m. This method converts
the differential equation to sets of algebraic equations and
solve numerically. We have presented for three different
cases: a higher order Duffing equation, an equation with
irrational restoring force and a plasma physics equation.
It is also found that the method is valid for any arbitrary
order of n and m. Comparisons have been made with the
results found in the literature the method gives accurate
results.
Numerical investigation of mixed convective flow
in parallel channel filled with porous medium
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Alam Pravez , Kapoor S.
Published: October 2014

The present manuscript reports a numerical investigation
of fully developed mixed convective flow in a
parallel channel filled with porous medium. The motion in
the channel is induced by external pressure gradient and
buoyancy force. The non-Darcy Brinkman-Forchheimer
extended model has been used. The Chebyshev spectral
collocation method has been used to solve the coupled differential
equations numerically. The main emphesize has
been given on the influence of Forchheimer number (F),
Darcy number (Da) and Rayleigh number (Ra) on velocity
and temperature profiles. From this investegation we have
found that the velocity aswell as temperature profiles possess
point of inflection beyond a threshold value of Ra. The
back flow starts near the center of the channel on increasing
the value of Ra beyond the threshold value of Ra. The
point of inflection on the velocity as well as temperature
profile dies out on decreasing of Da. The strength of the velocity
is decreases on the increasing of F', it also changes
the velocity profile drastically. The point of inflection on
the basic flow dies out on increasing of F'.
LEED studies on modulated surface structures
Authors: Moritz Wolfgang
Published: October 2014

The problems occurring in structure analyses of modulated surfaces by LEED or X-ray diffraction are briefly discussed. In previous LEED studies of modulated surfaces a commensurate unit cell and Fourier coefficients to describe the modulation function has been used. The wave length of the modulation and the size of the supercell are limited in this way by the computational effort of the multiple scattering calculations. To overcome this problem an approximation is proposed allowing the analysis of commensurate or incommensurate surface modulations with long wave lengths.
An ENU-induced mutation in the mouse Rnf212 gene is associated with male meiotic failure and infertility
Authors: Fujiwara Yasuhiro , Matsumoto Hirokazu , Akiyama Kouyou , Srivastava Anuj , Chikushi Mizuho , Ann Handel Mary , Kunieda Tetsuo
Published: October 2014

The ENU-inducedrepro57mutation was identified in an unbiased screen for the discovery of novel genes for fertility. Malerepro57homozygous mice are infertile and exhibit significantly reduced testis weight compared with WT mice. Histological examination of mutant testes revealed that spermatocytes degenerated during late prophase, and no mature spermatozoa were found in the seminiferous epithelium, suggesting that infertility is caused by the arrest of spermatogenesis at late meiotic prophase. Consistent with this hypothesis, the number of foci with MLH1, a protein essential for crossing over, is greatly reduced inrepro57mutant spermatocytes, which also lack chiasmata between homologs and exhibit premature dissociation of XY chromosomes. Inrepro57mutant mice, we identified a mutation in theRnf212gene, encoding Ring finger protein 212. The overall phenotype ofrepro57mice is consistent with the recently reported phenotype of theRnf212knockout mice; slight differences may be due to genetic background effects. Thus, therepro57nonsense mutation provides a new allele of the mouseRnf212gene.
Genetic diversity of sweet sorghum germplasm in Mexico using AFLP and SSR markers
Authors: Pecina‑Quintero Víctor , Anaya‑López José Luis , Zamarripa‑Colmenero Alfredo , Montes‑García Noe , Nuñez‑Colín Carlos , Solis‑Bonilla Jose Luis , Aguilar‑Rangel María Rocío , Prom Louis
Published: October 2014

The objective of this work was to evaluate the diversity and genetic relationships between lines and varieties of the sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) germplasm bank of the National Institute for Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock Research, Mexico, using AFLP and SSR markers. The molecular markers revealed robust amplification profiles and were able to differentiate the 41 genotypes of sweet sorghum evaluated. Analysis of the frequency and distribution of polymorphic fragments allowed for the detection of unique (AFLP) and rare (SSR) alleles in several genotypes (RBSS‑8, RBSS‑9, RBSS‑25, RBSS‑32, and RBSS‑37), indicating that these markers may be associated with a feature that has not yet been determined or may be useful for the identification of these genotypes. The genetic relationships indicated the presence of at least two types of sweet sorghum: a group of modern genotypes used for sugar and biofuel production, and another group consisting of historic and modern genotypes used for the production of syrups. Sweet sorghum genotypes may be used to develop new varieties with higher sugar and juice contents.
Potasssium chloride as a nutrient seed primer to enhance salt‑tolerance in maize
Authors: Badar‑uz‑Zaman  , Ali Arshad , Hyder Syed Ishtiaq , Arshadullah Muhammad , Bhatti Saqib Umar
Published: October 2014

The objective of this work was to determine if KCl could be a useful nutrient primer for safe seed germination in maize crop under salt stress conditions. Seed priming was done using 50 mmol L‑1 of muriate of potash, and germination and seedling growth were evaluated after salt stress with NaCl up to 50 mmol L‑1. Another set of seeds was tested under the same salt stress conditions without priming. Under salinity stress, germination percentage, germination rate index, germination coefficient, and seedling vigor indexes were higher in primed seeds. In unprimed seeds, mean germination time increased, while the germination rate index and the fresh and dry matter mass decreased more sharply with salinity stress. The Na/K ratio was higher in unprimed seeds.