bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intramuscular methylprednisolone in hand osteoarthritis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hartog Merel , van Berkel Jelle , Van den Bemt Bart J F , van den Ende Cornelia H M , Popa Calin D
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To explore patient characteristics associated with response to intramuscular methylprednisolone (MP) therapy in hand OA.

Methods

We performed an exploratory monocentric retrospective study. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of hand OA who visited our outpatient clinic between July 2016 and June 2021 and received at least once an intramuscular MP injection were included. Clinical data, including laboratory and radiologic results, were retrieved from electronic patient records (EPRs). Patients’ reported response to MP and its duration in the first 6 months after injection was based on free text from the EPRs. Response was categorized into three groups: no response or worsening of symptoms, modest response and good response. Duration of response was categorized as short-term (<2 weeks) or long-term (≥2 weeks). Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to determine factors associated with good response to therapy with MP.

Results

Data from 262 hand OA patients (76% female) were analysed. A good response was experienced by 150 patients (57.2%). Among those with modest–good response, the perceived response of 162 patients (80.6%) lasted ≥2 weeks. Univariate regression analysis indicated that the level of CRP was associated with good response [odds ratio 1.08 (95% CI 1.00, 1.17)]. However, multivariate regression analysis showed no statistically significant associations.

Conclusion

In this retrospective study, more than half of hand OA patients displayed good response to intramuscular MP administration. The possible relation between the presence of low-grade inflammation and the response to this therapy warrants further investigation.
The Politics of Refugee Resettlement in the Asia Pacific: Belonging and ICT-enabled Transnational Settlement
Authors: Marlowe Jay , Stephens Murdoch , Jones Evan
Published: November 2024

This conceptual article examines the interplay of forced displacement and resettlement across the Asia Pacific, situated against the backdrop of unprecedented global displacement, rapid uptake of information communication technologies, and strong border governance regimes. Emphasising the centrality of the politics of belonging, this article distinguishes between refugee resettlement, focused on protection, and the broader concept of refugee settlement as part of a larger project of belonging. Recognising that less than 1 per cent of refugees globally are able to access resettlement pathways every year, we present the implications of ICT-enabled transnational settlement, using New Zealand and Australia’s refugee resettlement programmes to anchor this analysis. By examining ongoing transnational connections, particularly through social media, this article illuminates how refugees can negotiate relationships with nearby and distant places. It outlines a spectrum of opportunities and challenges within resettlement and settlement contexts, transcending traditional territorial boundaries defined by the state and local jurisdictions. This article concludes by considering durable and enduring solutions to forward the possibilities of ICT-enabled transnational settlement as it influences the articulation of safety and belonging in an increasingly interconnected yet unevenly mobile world.
Neural empathy mechanisms are shared for physical and social pain, and increase from adolescence to older adulthood
Authors: Ferguson Heather J , De Lillo Martina , Woodrow-Hill Camilla , Foley Rebecca , Bradford Elisabeth E F
Published: November 2024

Empathy is a critical component of social interaction that enables individuals to understand and share the emotions of others. We report a preregistered experiment in which 240 participants, including adolescents, young adults, and older adults, viewed images depicting hands and feet in physically or socially painful situations (versus nonpainful). Empathy was measured using imagined pain ratings and EEG mu suppression. Imagined pain was greater for physical versus social pain, with young adults showing particular sensitivity to social pain events compared to adolescents and older adults. Mu desynchronization was greater to pain versus no-pain situations, but the physical/social context did not modulate pain responses. Brain responses to painful situations increased linearly from adolescence to young and older adulthood. These findings highlight shared activity across the core empathy network for both physical and social pain contexts, and an empathic response that develops over the lifespan with accumulating social experience.
Political Invisibility: Rescue Acts by Mothers during the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda
Authors: Fox Nicole , Nyseth Nzitatira Hollie
Published: November 2024

This article draws upon interviews with 50 Rwandan mothers who risked their lives to save others during the 1994 genocide. We position our study within a growing body of research examining women’s engagement in resistance movements, and we theorize rescue efforts by mothers during genocide as a case of political invisibility. Specifically, our findings show how mothers were able to capitalize on their political invisibility in strategic ways that shaped the form of the rescue. We posit that political invisibility may have insulated mothers from recruitment to the genocidal movement due to their occupation of the domestic sphere, since killing group members often knew these women were taking care of the home and engaging in domestic activities. We further highlight the care work (e.g., sheltering, feeding, supporting, calming, and managing emotions) that was foundational to these women’s rescue endeavors. Taken together, this article invites readers to walk through two secret doors that sociologists rarely have access to: actions tied to clandestine resistance and the private sphere of domestic care work during genocide.
Household satisfaction with health services and response strategies to malaria in mountain communities of Uganda
Authors: Aggrey Siya , Egeru Anthony , Kalule John Bosco , Lukwa Akim Tafadzwa , Mutai Noah , Hartnack Sonja
Published: November 2024

Background

Measuring satisfaction with health service delivery in fragile communities provides an opportunity to improve the resilience of health systems to threats including climate change. Additionally, understanding factors associated with the choice of response strategies to certain public health threats provides an opportunity to design context-specific interventions.

Methods

We used polytomous latent class analyses to group participants’ responses and an additive Bayesian modelling network to explore satisfaction with health service delivery as well as factors associated with response strategies of households to malaria. We did this with a focus on the rural parts of Uganda in Mount Elgon.

Results

We found that approaches to malaria control and management at household level include the use of traditional (54.5%), private (20.5%) and publicly available services (25%). Regarding satisfaction with health services, 66.6% of respondents were satisfied with health service components of information flow, drug/vaccine access and accessibility. Type of housing, livelihood sources, previous malaria experience and health services were strongly associated with responses to malaria occurrence at household level. The rest of the factors were weakly associated with malaria responses.

Conclusions

The indigenous interventions utilised by households to manage and control malaria were largely dependent on their satisfaction with health service delivery components. Interventions thus ought to leverage local existing knowledge to optimise outcomes and ensure sustainable health.
Insecticide-treated bednets and chemoprophylaxis reduce malaria mortality and parasite prevalence
Authors: Peto Thomas J
Published: November 2024

This commentary discusses an influential study from 1993 that demonstrated, among West African children, an overall mortality benefit of insecticide-impregnated bednets, and the reduction of malaria prevalence by chemoprophylaxis. Led by Brian Greenwood and colleagues in The Gambia, the trial also showed these tools to be affordable and practicable. In the years since, >2 billion bednets have been provided to high-risk populations and have contributed greatly to reductions in malaria-attributable mortality. Seasonal malaria chemoprevention now protects 50 million African children annually. Few interventions in tropical medicine have achieved such an impact.
Novel Risk Factors for Postoperative Hematoma Requiring Reoperation Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: Rowe Dana G. , Yoo Seeley , Barrett Connor , Luo Emily , Arango Alissa , Morris Matthew , Crowell Kerri-Anne , Kahmke Russel R. , Goodwin C. Rory , Erickson Melissa M.
Published: November 2024

Study design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Objective:

To investigate the correlation between comorbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, tobacco use, and the incidence of postoperative hematoma requiring reoperation after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

Summary of Background Data:

Prior studies have identified general risk factors such as multilevel fusion and coagulopathy. However, specific coughing-related factors like COPD, asthma, and tobacco use have not been extensively investigated.

Methods:

Patients who underwent single or multilevel ACDF between 2011 and 2021 were identified using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes in the PearlDiver database. The primary outcome was the occurrence of postoperative hematoma requiring reoperation within 30 days. χ2 tests and t tests compared groups, and multivariable logistic regression identified predictors for postoperative hematoma.

Results:

Among 399,900 patients with ACDF, 901 (0.2%) developed postoperative hematoma requiring reoperation within 30 days. Patients with postoperative hematoma were older (58 vs. 55, P<0.001) and predominantly male (62.5% vs. 44.9%, P<0.001). After adjustment, tobacco use and comorbid COPD were associated with postoperative hematoma (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–1.47; P<0.001 and OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.21–1.64; P<0.001, respectively). Comorbid asthma was not a significant risk factor. Additional risk factors included comorbid hypertension (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.18–1.82; P<0.001), coagulopathy (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.24–1.81; P<0.001), anemia (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.17–1.62; P<0.05), and history of deep vein thrombosis (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.44–2.54; P<0.001).

Conclusion:

Tobacco use and COPD were identified as novel risk factors for postoperative hematoma formation requiring reoperation after ACDF. Recognizing these modifiable factors, providers may consider postponing nonemergent ACDFs until patients undergo smoking cessation programs or receive optimal COPD management.
National Liver Cancer Screening Trial (TRACER) study protocol
Authors: Singal Amit G. , Parikh Neehar D. , Kanwal Fasiha , Marrero Jorge A. , Deodhar Sneha , Page-Lester Stephanie , Lopez Camden , Feng Ziding , Tayob Nabihah
Published: November 2024

Background:

Professional guidelines recommend HCC screening in at-risk patients using semi-annual ultrasound with or without alpha-fetoprotein (AFP); however, this strategy has limited effectiveness due to low adherence and sensitivity. Increasing data support the potential role of blood-based biomarker panels, which could improve both aspects. The biomarker panel GALAD, comprised of sex, age, and 3 blood biomarkers (AFP, AFP-L3, and des-carboxy prothrombin des-carboxy prothrombin), has shown high sensitivity and specificity in biomarker phase II (case-control) and phase III (retrospective cohort) validation studies. However, prospective validation in a large phase IV biomarker clinical utility trial is necessary before its adoption in practice.

Methods:

The National Liver Cancer Screening Trial is an adaptive pragmatic randomized phase IV trial, which began enrollment in January 2024, comparing ultrasound-based versus biomarker-based screening in 5500 patients with chronic hepatitis B infection or cirrhosis from any etiology. Eligible patients are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to semi-annual screening with ultrasound ± alpha-fetoprotein (arm A) or semi-annual screening with GALAD (arm B). Randomization is stratified by enrollment site, liver disease severity (per Child-Pugh class), liver disease etiology (viral, nonviral, and noncirrhotic HBV), and sex. Patients are being recruited from 15 sites (a mix of tertiary care academic referral centers, safety-net health systems, and large community health systems) over a 3-year period, and the primary endpoint, reduction in late-stage HCC, will be assessed at the end of year 5.5.

Discussion:

The results of this trial will inform the best strategy for HCC screening and early-stage detection in patients with chronic liver diseases. If GALAD shows superiority, HCC screening would primarily shift from an ultrasound-based strategy to the adoption of the biomarker panel.

Trial Registration:

NCT06084234.

Trial Status:

The TRACER Study is actively enrolling.
A healthy lifestyle is prospectively associated with lower onset of metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Grinshpan Laura S. , Even Haim Yaara , Ivancovsky-Wajcman Dana , Fliss-Isakov Naomi , Nov Yuval , Webb Muriel , Shibolet Oren , Kariv Revital , Zelber-Sagi Shira
Published: November 2024

Background:

Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is associated with an unhealthy lifestyle. However, there is limited prospective evidence regarding the association between combined lifestyle factors and MASLD. This study aims to test the association of a combination of lifestyle components, expressed as a healthy lifestyle index (HLI), and unhealthful eating behavior habits with MASLD, insulin resistance (IR), liver fibrosis, and metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis.

Methods:

A prospective cohort study was conducted among participants of metabolic and hepatic screening surveys. MASLD was evaluated by ultrasonography or controlled attenuation parameter at 2 time points to assess new-onset, persistence, or remission, and IR was estimated by homeostasis model assessment. Presumed liver fibrosis and metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis were evaluated using FibroMax biomarkers. The HLI was calculated as the sum of 4 lifestyle components: nonsmoking, healthy weight, healthy diet, and physical activity.

Results:

The final cohort included 315 subjects with 6.7 years of follow-up, 40–70 years old. In multivariable analyses, a favorable lifestyle (≥3 components) was independently associated with lower odds of new-onset MASLD (OR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.19–0.90). Similarly, a favorable lifestyle was associated with lower odds of new-onset/persistent (vs. never/remission) MASLD and IR, respectively (OR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.30–0.80; OR = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.24–0.66). There was a dose-response association between HLI and new-onset/persistent MASLD and IR. A favorable lifestyle was associated with lower odds of new-onset metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (OR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.27–0.95). Adjusting for HLI, unhealthful eating behavior habits were associated with higher odds of MASLD prevalence (OR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.07–3.06).

Conclusions:

Adherence to a healthy lifestyle is prospectively associated with lower odds of MASLD, markers of liver damage, and IR. A holistic approach that considers overall lifestyle and eating behavior may be useful for preventing MASLD.
Neuroborreliosis
Authors: He Kevin D. , Al Lawati Hawra , Torun Nurhan , Tan C. Sabrina
Published: November 2024

Background

Neuroborreliosis is involvement of the nervous system in Lyme disease and can often be overlooked as a diagnosis in patients presenting with cranial neuropathies and meningitis in an endemic area. There can be variability in presentation with respect to the involved cranial nerves, making the diagnosis challenging. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no reported cases of Lyme disease cranial neuropathy occurring with simultaneous periorbital skin and soft tissue inflammation in the literature.

Case

We present the case of a healthy 25-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with headache, diplopia, and left eye pain after experiencing fever, malaise, and a recent history of unilateral facial palsy that improved a few weeks prior. He lived in a Lyme disease endemic area and often encountered ticks. He was found to have an abduction deficit in his left eye, preseptal and postseptal orbital inflammation with bilateral optic perineuritis, and a lymphocytic pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid accompanied by an elevated antibody index, consistent with a diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis. He was treated with doxycycline and empiric bacterial coverage, with symptom resolution at follow-up.

Conclusion

This case represents an unusual combination of cranial neuropathies and is the first report of orbital inflammation driven by Lyme neuroborreliosis, thought to be caused by contiguous spread of inflammation from affected portions of the nervous system. Although neuroborreliosis is less commonly encountered in the United States than in Europe, providers should maintain a high index of suspicion for this entity when patients present with multiple cranial neuropathies in an endemic area and not exclude Lyme disease on the basis of skin and soft tissue inflammation.
Creating Perinatal Nursing Care Plans Using ChatGPT
Authors: Johnson Lisa G. , Madandola Olatunde O. , Dos Santos Fabiana Cristina , Priola Karen J. B. , Yao Yingwei , Macieira Tamara G. R. , Keenan Gail M.
Published: November 2024

Background: Extensive time spent on documentation in electronic health records (EHRs) impedes patient care and contributes to nurse burnout. Artificial intelligence–based clinical decision support tools within the EHR, such as ChatGPT, can provide care plan recommendations to the perinatal nurse. The lack of explicit methodologies for effectively integrating ChatGPT led to our initiative to build and demonstrate our ChatGPT-4 prompt to support nurse care planning. Methods: We employed our process model, previously tested with 22 diverse medical-surgical patient scenarios, to generate a tailored prompt for ChatGPT-4 to produce care plan suggestions for an exemplar patient presenting with preterm labor and gestational diabetes. A comparative analysis was conducted by evaluating the output against a “nurse-generated care plan” developed by our team of nurses on content alignment, accuracy of standardized nursing terminology, and prioritization of care. Results: ChatGPT-4 delivered suggestions for nursing diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes comparable to the “nurse-generated care plan.” It accurately identified major care areas, avoided irrelevant or unnecessary recommendations, and identified top priority care. Of the 24 labels generated by ChatGPT-4, 16 correctly utilized standardized nursing terminology. Conclusion: This demonstration of the use of our ChatGPT-4 prompt illustrates the potential of leveraging a large language model to assist perinatal nurses in creating care plans. The next steps are improving the accuracy of ChatGPT-4–generated standardized nursing terminology and integrating our prompt into EHRs. This work supports our broader goal of enhancing patient outcomes while mitigating the burden of documentation that contributes to nurse burnout.
Does Equestrian Helmet Type Affect Head Injury? A Study on Equestrian Helmet Use Among Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Gould Sara , Crawford Anna E. , Picken Lauren , Serrano Devon , Gabriel Fernanda , McGwin Gerald , Chandran Avinash , Schrum Kevin
Published: November 2024

Objectives:

To characterize helmet use, head injury risk, and to examine rider-related factors that influence these variables.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Setting:

The University of Alabama at Birmingham Equestrian Sports Medicine Collaborative.

Patients (or Participants):

In total, 357 equestrians competing at the collegiate level participated in this study.

Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors or Independent Variables):

χ2 tests were used to evaluate potential associations between a rider's experience level, riding style, and use of helmet designed with MIPS with number of falls, past head injuries, and helmet use frequency.

Main Outcome Measures:

Data regarding helmet use and equestrian-related injuries were collected. χ2 analysis was used to determine potential associations.

Results:

More than 50% of athletes reported falling off a horse during the course of 1 year. Head injuries occurred with high frequency. Concussion was the most frequently reported type. More than 50% of athletes with self-reported concussion denied receiving medical treatment. The risk of head injury was similar across helmet brands, and between helmets with Multi-Directional Impact Protection System (MIPS) and those without. Riders with the most experience were less likely to report sustaining a head injury than those with less experience. Contrary to current safety guidelines, 78% of equestrians said that they would not replace their helmet after every fall.

Conclusions:

Collegiate equestrians have a high risk of fall-related traumatic head injury. Despite this risk, they report helmet use practices that are not in line with current recommendations regarding helmet replacement.  This suggests that many of the athletes are using protective equipment that does not adequately protect against head injury. Neither helmet brand nor liner type was associated with lower rate of head injury.
The impact of early cranioplasty on neurological function, stress response, and cognitive function in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Li Jun , Li Ning , Jiang Wei , Li Aimin
Published: November 2024

To analyze the efficacy of early cranioplasty in patients with traumatic brain injury and its impact on neurological function, stress response, and cognitive function. A total of 90 patients with traumatic brain injury admitted to the hospital from January 2021 to March 2024 were included in the study. The patients were divided into an observation group (45 cases) and a control group (45 cases) based on the timing of their cranioplasty. The control group underwent cranioplasty 3 to 6 months post-trauma, while the observation group received cranioplasty within 3 months post-trauma. Neurological function was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Functional Independence Measure, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination. Blood samples were collected to measure and compare serum levels of interleukin-6, cortisol, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha between the 2 groups. The observation group demonstrated a higher rate of excellent recovery compared to the control group (95.56% vs 80.00%), with significantly lower National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores ([11.18 ± 2.35] vs [14.74 ± 3.61], P < .05). Posttreatment scores for Functional Independence Measure, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination were significantly higher in the observation group compared to the control group ([59.26 ± 6.12] vs [47.86 ± 5.27], [25.02 ± 4.61] vs [22.74 ± 5.13], [103.52 ± 10.63] vs [88.76 ± 7.39], P < .05). Serum levels of interleukin-6, cortisol, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were significantly lower in the observation group ([22.76 ± 4.15] ng/mL vs [25.38 ± 5.27] ng/mL, [66.29 ± 4.91] nmol/L vs [78.24 ± 6.08] nmol/L, [3.36 ± 1.02] ng/mL vs [4.91 ± 0.98] ng/mL, P < .05). The total incidence of postoperative complications was significantly lower in the observation group (8.70% vs 26.09%, P < .05). Early cranioplasty is beneficial for the postoperative recovery of patients with traumatic brain injury. It improves neurological function, enhances cognitive function, and reduces stress response, while also significantly lowering the incidence of postoperative complications.
Clinical efficacy evaluation and safety study of Qishen Tongmai Yin I combined with moxibustion therapy on ASO: A retrospective study
Authors: Hu Lu , Sun Jie
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of moxibustion assisted therapy in combination with Qishen Tongmai Yin No. 1 on arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) patients. The impact on clinical symptoms, sign scores, foot dorsum temperature, foot dorsum artery blood flow, and overall clinical efficacy were analyzed. Sixty-three ASO patients from Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital and Beijing Shijitan Hospital (January 2020–December 2021) were divided into 3 groups: a Qi Shen Tong Mai Yin I-only group, a moxibustion-only group, and a combined treatment group receiving both moxibustion and Qi Shen Tong Mai Yin No. 1. The treatment group took Qi Shen Tong Mai Yin No. 1 orally 3 times daily for 1 month. Moxibustion, employing a mild method, was applied once daily for 35 minutes over a month. Key acupoints included bilateral kidney Shu, Guan Yuan, Ming Men, Zu San Li, Wei Zhong, San Yin Jiao, and Yao Yang Guan. Posttreatment, clinical symptom scores, and dorsum foot parameters were measured, including foot temperature and dorsum foot artery blood flow. Total effective and cure rates were calculated. Pretreatment, no significant differences existed among the 3 groups (P > .05). Posttreatment, the clinical efficacy, dorsalis pedis temperature, dorsalis pedis artery blood flow, and symptom scores significantly improved in all groups (P < .05). Differences in these indicators were also significant among the 3 groups (P < .05). Moxibustion assisted therapy combined with Qishen Tongmai Yin No. 1 enhances total effective and cure rates in ASO patients, improving foot temperature, blood flow, microcirculation, and overall clinical efficacy. Additionally, this combination reduces scores for intermittent claudication, pain, skin temperature, soreness, skin color, and numbness, mitigating disease progression. Safety evaluation indicated no adverse events during treatment, demonstrating the safety of the combined therapy.
Different intensities of physical activity for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson disease: A Mendelian randomization study and meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Wenyuan , Zhao Xianghu , Wang Jiaying , Guo Yujie , Ren Zhihao , Cai Lian , Wu Shengbing , Zhou Meiqi
Published: November 2024

Background:

The causal relationships between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson disease and different intensities of physical activity (PA) are still inconclusive. To evaluate the causal impact of PA on ALS and Parkinson disease (PD), this study integrates evidence from Mendelian randomization (MR) using a meta-analysis approach.

Methods:

MR analyses on genetically predicted levels of PA (compose of self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA], self-reported vigorous physical activity [VPA], and strenuous sports or other exercises [SSOE]) regarding ALS and PD published up to July 27, 2024, were obtained from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. De novo MR studies were analyzed utilizing publicly accessible datasets from genome-wide association studies and then meta-analyses were performed to pool the results.

Results:

Meta-analyses of results of 12 de novo MR studies analyses and 2 published MR studies indicated that genetic predicted levels of MVPA (odds ratio [OR]: 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–1.38), VPA (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.08–1.60), and SSOE (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.07–1.70) were related to a raised risk of ALS, but not causally with PD.

Conclusion:

Our findings showed no causal relationships between MVPA, VPA, SSOE, and PD, while MVPA, VPA, and SSOE were associated with increased ALS risk, highlighting the need for targeted PA recommendations for disease management.
Pretreatment systemic immune-inflammation index and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio as prognostic factors in oral cavity cancer: A meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Jianghan , Lin Yanjun , Yang Jingbo , Xing Yifeng , Xing Xiaojie
Published: November 2024

Background:

The predictive implications of the pretreatment systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) in oral cavity cancer have been investigated extensively, however, the findings are conflicting.

Methods:

To assess the predictive importance of SII and LMR in patients with oral cavity cancer, a comprehensive Meta-analysis of the literature was conducted using the databases from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. To determine the link between SII and LMR and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were retrieved.

Results:

The analysis comprised a total of 18 papers, covering 19 trials (SII = 5, LMR = 12, SII + prognostic nutritional index (PNI) = 2). According to pooled data, increased SII predicted poor OS (HR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.38–1.87, P < .001) and DFS (HR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.11–3.27, P = .02) while high LMR was linked with improved OS (HR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.54–0.77, P < .001) and DFS (HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.61–0.79, P < .001). In addition, subgroup analysis indicated that high SII and low LMR negatively correlated with OS regardless of country, cutoff value, sample size, or types of Cox regression analysis.

Conclusions:

High SII and low LMR may predict worse survival in patients with oral cavity cancer. SII and LMR may therefore represent effective indicators of prognosis in oral cavity cancer.
A literature review of Chinese traditional Baduanjin qigong for perimenopausal and postmenopausal symptoms
Authors: Liu Hong-yan , Luo Ya-ge , Zhang Jin , Hu Yue-han , He Han-yu , Li Jie , Mao Hao-ping , Fu Shu-fei
Published: November 2024

This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Baduanjin qigong on perimenopausal and postmenopausal symptoms based on clinical trials. A literature search was conducted in 7 databases up to June 30, 2023. The information of study design and observed indicator based on perimenopausal and postmenopausal stage was extracted. We mainly analyzed the effectiveness, safety and the methodology quality. Thirty-five trials were selected, and 17 original studies were considered good methodological quality. During perimenopause, Baduanjin was mainly to treat mood disorders (63.64%, 14/22), among which 6 (42.86%, 6/14) were depression, 2 (14.29%, 2/14) were depression and anxiety, and 1 (7.14%, 1/14) was anxiety, as well as 5 (35.71%, 5/14) sleep disorders. And the exercise program had a duration of 45 to 50 minutes (57.14%, 8/14), 7 times (71.43%, 10/14) a week. The programs lasting 3 months (42.86%, 6/14), accounted for the highest proportion of the exercise program. In the postmenopausal stage, Baduanjin was used to treat osteoporosis (84.62%, 11/13). From the data available, the program with 2 to 3 times a day (81.82%, 9/11) reported the highest number of significant effects, with a maximum duration of 12 months (55.56%, 5/9), followed by 6 months (33.33%, 3/9). A total of 8 trials mentioned the adverse reactions, but none was related to Baduanjin, and the dropout of participants (1.96%, 57/2912) was also not associated with Baduanjin. There is evidence for positive effects of Baduanjin in addressing perimenopausal mental disorders and postmenopausal osteoporosis, but more research is necessary to clarify best practices and quantify results.
Open science practices among authors published in complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine journals: An international, cross-sectional survey
Authors: Ng Jeremy Y. , Lin Brenda X. , Kreuder Liliane , Cramer Holger , Moher David
Published: November 2024

Open science practices aim to increase transparency in research and increase research availability through open data, open access platforms, and public access. Due to the increasing popularity of complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine (CAIM) research, our study aims to explore current open science practices and perceived barriers among CAIM researchers in their own respective research articles. We conducted an international cross-sectional online survey that was sent to authors that published articles in MEDLINE-indexed journals categorized under the broad subject of “Complementary Therapies” or articles indexed under the MeSH term “Complementary Therapies.” Articles were extracted to obtain the names and emails of all corresponding authors. Eight thousand seven hundred eighty-six researchers were emailed our survey, which included questions regarding participants’ familiarity with open science practices, their open science practices, and perceived barriers to open science in CAIM with respect to participants’ most recently published article. Basic descriptive statistics was generated based on the quantitative data. The survey was completed by 292 participants (3.32% response rate). Results indicate that the majority of participants were “very familiar” (n = 83, 31.68%) or “moderately familiar” (n = 83, 31.68%) with the concept of open science practices while creating their study. Open access publishing was the most familiar to participants, with 51.96% (n = 136) of survey respondents publishing with open access. Despite participants being familiar with other open science practices, the actual implementation of these practices was low. Common barriers participants experienced in implementing open science practices include not knowing where to share the study materials, where to share the data, or not knowing how to make a preprint. Although participants responded that they were familiar with the concept of open science practices, the actual implementation and uses of these practices were low. Barriers included a lack of overall knowledge about open science, and an overall lack of funding or institutional support. Future efforts should aim to explore how to implement methods to improve open science training for CAIM researchers.
Impact of immune cells on the risk of frozen shoulder: A 2-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Luo Yinji , Wang Xinyu , Wang Bin
Published: November 2024

The pathogenesis of frozen shoulder (FS) remains unclear, and current research primarily focuses on immune responses. Increasing evidence suggests that immune cells play a significant role in FS development. However, the causal relationship between the two remains poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to investigate this using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms closely associated with 731 immune phenotypes were obtained from publicly available GWAS datasets as instrumental variables. FS was used as the outcome with a sample size of 451,099 cases. Causal effects were analyzed using the inverse variance-weighted method. We conducted sensitivity tests, including the intercept of the MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO analyses. The presence of heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran Q test. We identified potential causal relationships in terms of increased risk for FS with 5 immune phenotypes: CD25++ CD45RA+ CD4 not regulatory T cell %CD4+ T cells (odds ratio [OR] = 1.0273, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0093–1.0457, P = .0028), CD25++ CD45RA+ CD4 not regulatory T cell %T cell (OR = 1.0240, 95% CI: 1.0057–1.0427, P = .0098), CD127 on CD28+ CD4+ T cells (OR = 1.0398, 95% CI: 1.0121–1.0682, P = .0046), CD4 on human leukocyte antigen DR+ CD4+ T cells (OR = 1.0795, 95% CI: 1.0316–1.2195, P = .0009), and human leukocyte antigen DR on CD14− CD16+ monocytes (OR = 1.0533, 95% CI: 1.0136–1.0945, P = .0081). Few significant heterogeneities or horizontal pleiotropies were observed. Through MR analysis, we identified distinct 5 types of immune cells that were positively correlated with the occurrence and development of FS, providing guidance for clinical intervention in FS.
Familial adult-onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease: A case report and literature review
Authors: Wei Lijun , Wang Jiaqi , Xu Changming , Yang Tengchao , Tian Yun , Shen Lu
Published: November 2024

Rationale:

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder with highly variable clinical manifestations, making diagnosis challenging. Recent advancements in genetic and pathological testing, such as the identification of GGC repeat expansions in the NOTCH2NLC gene, have improved diagnostic accuracy, but familial cases remain underreported.

Patient concerns:

This report details 3 cases of familial adult-onset NIID in 2 sisters and 1 brother. The older sister experienced episodic encephalopathy and autonomic dysfunction for over 40 years, while the younger sister presented similar symptoms 5 years ago. The brother also developed episodic encephalopathy 5 years ago. Brain diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for all 3 patients revealed hyperintensity at the corticomedullary junction and corpus callosum. Skin biopsies from the older sister and brother confirmed the presence of p62 antibody-positive intranuclear inclusion bodies in sweat gland cells and fibroblasts. Genetic testing showed 146 and 133 GGC repeats in the NOTCH2NLC gene in the older sister and brother, respectively.

Diagnoses:

All 3 patients were diagnosed with NIID based on clinical, radiological, and genetic findings.

Interventions:

The patients received hormonal therapy, circulation-enhancing treatments, and rehydration therapy during acute episodes.

Outcomes:

All 3 patients showed significant improvement in symptoms following treatment, with a return to baseline function after hospital discharge.

Lessons:

Proper management of NIID includes prompt recognition of symptoms, adequate rest, and avoidance of triggers such as fatigue, infections, and stress, which may reduce the frequency of episodic attacks. Early diagnosis and targeted symptomatic treatment are essential for improving patient outcomes.
African-Colombian woman with preeclampsia and high-risk APOL1 genotype: A case report
Authors: Duran Carlos E , Gutierrez-Medina Juan David , Triviño Arias Jacobo , Sandoval-Calle Lina M , Barbosa Mario , Useche Elena , Diaz-Ordoñez Lorena , Pachajoa Harry
Published: November 2024

Rationale:

Preeclampsia is one of the main causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Even though preeclampsia is the most prevalent medical complication of pregnancy, it predominantly affects Black women when compared with other ethnicities. APOL1 G1 and G2 risk alleles are genetic risk factors for hypertension and more recently have been associated to the risk of developing preeclampsia.

Patient concerns:

A 17-year-old African Colombian primigravid patient from the Colombian Pacific Coast with preeclampsia, grade 1 obesity, convulsive episodes and psychomotor agitation.

Diagnoses:

The patient exhibited elevated blood pressure readings concomitant with 4 tonic-clonic episodes, tachycardia, Grade I edema, irregular uterine activity and recurrent convulsive episodes. A head computed tomography revealed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome along with cytotoxic edema. Genetic testing unveiled a high risk APOL1 genotype (G1/G2) and a confirmed matrilineal African genetic ancestry (haplogroup L3b).

Interventions:

Initial management involved administration of labetalol and sodium nitroprusside infusions alongside neuroprotective management utilizing magnesium sulfate. Due to the diagnosis of eclampsia, pregnancy termination was performed via cesarean section. The additional antihypertensive therapeutic protocol with nitroprusside, labetalol, carvedilol, and diltiazem finally controlled the hypertensive crisis.

Outcomes:

Discharge was provided with family planning via subdermal implant contraception and established antihypertensive management.

Lessons:

This is the first Latin American report of an underage patient with a hypertensive crisis of pregnancy associated with a G1/G2 high risk genotype and a verified matrilineal genetic ancestry represented by a haplogroup L3b. This case reflects the importance of considering genetic predisposition in the context of preeclampsia. A stratified approach to preeclampsia management that acknowledges genetic factors harbors the potential to significantly diminish the maternal morbidity and mortality entwined with this condition.
Dose-response effects of 8-week resistance training on body composition and muscular performance in untrained young women: A quasi-experimental design
Authors: Ugurlu Dondu , Gülü Mehmet , Yapici Hakan , Yagin Fatma Hilal , Comertpay Ertan , Eroglu Oguz , Afonso José , Aldhahi Monira I.
Published: November 2024

Background:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-week resistance training with different training volumes on body composition, maximum strength, peak power, and muscle thickness in non-training women.

Methods:

This was a 3-arm, prospectively designed, randomized controlled trial. A total of 45 adult women aged 20.7 ± 1 years, the mean heights of the participants were 166 ± 0.07 cm, body weight was measured as 54.5 ± 8.8 kg, and body mass index was 19.9 ± 2.1 kg/m2. They were randomized to low-volume training resistance training (LVT; n = 15, 3 sessions of 12 exercises per week), moderate-volume training resistance training (MVT; n = 15; 4 sessions of 12 exercises per week), and high-volume resistance training (HVT; n = 15; 5 sessions of 12 exercises per week) for 8 weeks. The muscle thickness (MT) of the vastus lateralis was assessed at baseline and 8 weeks later using a portable ultrasound device.

Results:

A total of 39 adult women completed the study, with 2 participants from each group lost to follow-up. All experimental groups 1RM increased (P = .001, effect size (ES) = 0.463) All groups showed improved muscle thickness (MT) (P = .001) and CMJ (P = .004). The group × time interaction is statistically significant (P = .001) suggests that the changes in muscle thickness over time differ significantly between the different training volume groups (η
p
²) is 0.368.

Conclusion:

In untrained young women, resistance training improved muscle hypertrophy, maximal strength, power, and body composition in untrained young women. However, 4 sessions MVT per week were superior to LVT and HVT sessions, suggesting a nonlinear dose-response relationship favoring moderate volume over low or high volumes, at least in previously untrained young women.

Trial Registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06449300)
Luteolin prevents cadmium-induced PC12 cell death by suppressing the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Xu Wenjie , Li Huan , Ruan Dapeng , Chen Siyuan , Chu Na , Zhen Quan , Wang Yun
Published: November 2024

Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant that can cause neurodegenerative disorders. Luteolin (Lut) is a natural flavonoid compound. However, whether Lut protects against Cd-induced nerve cell death remains unclear. In the present study, PC12 cells were used to investigate the neuroprotective effect of Lut against Cd poisoning. Changes in cell viability, apoptosis, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein expression, and protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway activity were analyzed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, Hoechst 33258 staining, flow cytometry, and western blotting. Lut markedly attenuated the Cd-induced reduction in cell viability, nuclear fragmentation, condensation, and the decrease in the Bcl-2/Bcl-2-associated X protein ratio in PC12 cells. Furthermore, Lut blocked the Cd-mediated activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Moreover, inhibition of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway with LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) enhanced the protective effect of Lut against Cd-induced cell death by suppressing Cd-induced activation of Akt, mTOR, and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1. The results showed that Lut prevented Cd-induced cell death partly by blocking the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Lut may be a potential agent for preventing Cd-induced nerve cell damage and neurodegenerative diseases.
Unveiling the enigmatic roles of basophils in HIV infection: A narrative review
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Obeagu Getrude Uzoma , Akinleye Callistus Adewale
Published: November 2024

The intricate interplay between the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the immune system has long been a focal point in understanding disease progression. Among the myriad of immune cells, basophils, often overshadowed, have recently emerged as pivotal contributors to the complex immunological landscape of HIV infection. This paper aims to provide a succinct overview of the enigmatic roles of basophils in HIV pathogenesis, elucidating their multifaceted functions and implications. Basophils, conventionally perceived as minor players in immune responses, exhibit active participation in HIV infection. Their activation triggered by viral antigens, cytokines, and immune complexes orchestrates a cascade of immune events, influencing immune modulation, cytokine release, and the activation of adaptive immune cells. Furthermore, basophils function as antigen-presenting cells, potentially impacting viral dissemination and immune dysregulation. Additionally, basophils serve as crucial regulators in HIV infection through cytokine secretion, notably interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and IL-3, influencing immune cell differentiation, polarization, and antibody production. Their interactions with various immune cells intricately shape the immune response against HIV, impacting disease progression and immune equilibrium. Moreover, harnessing basophils as potential vaccine targets or immune modulators represents a compelling avenue for future research. In conclusion, the emerging understanding of basophils’ multifaceted involvement in HIV infection challenges prior perceptions and underscores their significance in shaping immune responses and disease outcomes. This abstraction highlights the need for continued research to unlock the full potential of basophils, paving the way for novel strategies in combatting HIV/AIDS.
The effect of pin distractor assistance on the reduction of fibular fractures in the treatment of ankle fracture: A retrospective case–control study
Authors: Xie Wenqing , Wu Jia , Zeng Min , Lin Zhangyuan , Zhao Ruibo , Zhao Shushan , Cheng Liang , Sun Buhua , Chen Can , Long Haitao , Zhu Yong
Published: November 2024

This study will evaluate the therapeutic effect of pin distractor assisted reduction of fibular fracture on ankle fracture. A retrospective analysis was performed on 98 patients diagnosed as ankle fracture or pilon fracture. These patients were all combined with fibular fracture. Retrospective analysis included 48 patients in the experimental group (distractor assisted reduction) and 48 patients in the control group (without pin distractor). The statistical indexes include: the time spent in fracture reduction and fixation, the length of surgical incision, the operative blood loss of fracture operation, the incidence of incision skin necrosis, the incidence of fracture end splitting during reduction, the quality of fracture reduction, the time of fracture healing, infection rate, and The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society score at the last follow-up. There were statistical differences between the 2 groups in the time spent in the reduction and fixation of fractures, the incidence of fracture end splitting during reduction, the quality of anatomical reduction of fractures, and the healing time of fractures. The experimental group was better than the control group. In addition, for patients with long spiral fracture, comminuted fracture, osteoporotic fracture and preoperative delay time for operation more than 2 weeks, the time spent in the reduction and fixation of fracture, the operative blood loss of fracture operation, the incidence of fracture end splitting during reduction, the quality of anatomical reduction of fracture, and the healing time of fracture in the experimental group are also better than those in the control group. The pin distractor assisted reduction of fibular fracture has the advantages of simple operation, less trauma, short operation time, less operative blood loss, and fewer complications. It is especially suitable for patients with long spiral fibular fracture, comminuted fracture, osteoporotic fracture, and long preoperative delay time in ankle fracture.