bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INOVASI ORGANISASI SEBAGAI PEMEDIASI PARTIAL ANTARA PEMBELAJARAN ORGANISASI DENGAN KINERJA ORGANISASI (Studi Empiris Pada Kantor AkuntanPublik di Pulau Jawa)
Authors: Sulistyani Lilis , Lathifah Ifah
Published: August 2021

Peneltian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris pengaruh pembelajaran organisasi terhadap kinerja organisasi dengan variabel inovasi organisasi sebagai variabel mediasi pada Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP) di pulau Jawa. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik survei kuesioner untuk pengumpulan data. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah random sampling. Data yang dapat dikumpulkan sebanyak 93 responden dan pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model (PLS – SEM) berupa program WarpPLS 3.0.Hasil pengujian membuktikan bahwa komitmen untuk belajar (KUB) berpengaruh positif namun tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja organisasi (KIN); berbagi visi (BV) berpengaruh positif namun tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja organisasi (KIN); keterbukaan pikiran (KP) berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja organisasi. Komitmen untuk belajar (KUB) berpengaruh positif tidak signifikan terhadap inovasi organisasi (IO); berbagi visi (BV) berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap inovasi organisasi (IO); keterbukaan pikiran (KP) berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap inovasi organisasi (IO) dan inovasi organisasi (IO) berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja organisasi (KIN). Inovasi organisasi (IO) terbukti sebagai pemediasi parsial (kategori 20% sampai 80%) pengaruh antara keterbukaan pikiran (KP) dengan kinerja organisasi (KIN) dengan nilai VAF= 0,324.Kata Kunci: Komitmen Untuk Belajar, Berbagi Visi, Keterbukaan Pikiran, Inovasi Organisasi, Kinerja Organisasi dan Kantor Akuntan Publik.
STRATEGI PENGUATAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KINERJA USAHA (Survey pada Wirausaha Fesyen di BTC dan PGS Surakarta)
Authors: Susanti Retno , SW Suprihatmi
Published: August 2021

The creative economy of the fashion business in BTC and PGS Surakarta is very important to be developed because it contributes to the regional economy. Constraints faced in running a business such as entrepreneurship orientation is low, so that the business performance is not optimal. One strategy to encourage the development of creative economy in the business of fashion in Surakarta is to increase creativity and market orientation, in order to obtain maximum business performance. This study aims to analyze the effect of entrepreneurship orientation on business performance moderated by creativity and market orientation. Sample of this study are 123 entrepreneurs of fashion in BYC and PGS Surakarta, using purposive sampling technique. Data analysis using regression analysis and Absolute Difference Test. The conclusion of hypothesis test result (1) entrepreneurship orientation have significant effect on business performance; (2) creativity can moderate the effect of entrepreneurship orientation on business performance; (3) market orientation can moderate the effect of entrepreneurship orientation on business performanceKeywords: entrepreneurship orientation, creativity, market orientation, business performance
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pengrajin Gitar di Desa Mancasan, Baki, Kabupaten Sukoharjo Menuju Pasar Global
Authors: Sugiyarti Sri Riris , Wijayati Hasna
Published: August 2021

Industri gitar di Desa Mancasan, Baki, Kabupaten Sukoharjo adalah salah satu sektor ekonomi yang memiliki potensi besar. Mayoritas pelaku industri adalah Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM). Namun, produksinya telah menembus pasar ekspor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang bagaimana memberdayakan komunitas pengrajin gitar di Desa Mancasan, Baki, Kabupaten Sukoharjo menuju pasar global. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan objek penelitian adalah UMKM pengrajin gitar di Desa Mancasan, Baki, Sukoharjo. Sumber data primer dan sekunder dikumpulkan melalui teknik wawancara mendalam, observasi dan analisis dokumen. Data yang dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model analisis interaktif untuk mendapatkan jawaban dari perumusan masalah. Hasil penelitian dipetakan ke dalam empat aspek, berupa : bina manusia, bina usaha, bina lingkungan, dan bina kelembagaan, dan dilengkapi dengan strategi ekspor. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemerintah memiliki peran dalam mengelola keempat aspek ini, walaupun belum maksimal. Peran terbesar pemerintah dalam pengembangan manusia terletak pada bimbingan teknis, sedangkan dalam aspek bina usaha dalam hal mendirikan badan usaha yang legal. Dalam strategi ekspor, hanya beberapa bisnis yang dapat menembus pasar ekspor. Sementara mayoritas UKM telah mencoba memperluas pasar ekspor tetapi masih dalam proses.Kata kunci: Industri Gitar, Desa Mancasan, UMKM, Pemberdayaan
MEMPERKUAT DAYA SAING GLOBAL PENGRAJIN BATIK DAN BORDIR KUDUS DENGAN UPAYA PENDAFTARAN HAK CIPTA
Authors: Sulistyowati Sulistyowati , Sumekar Kertati , Mulyani Sri
Published: August 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah , meningkatkan omzet penjualan dan kenaikan harga jual Pengrajin batik serta bordir melalui pendaftaran Hak Cipta menuju pemasaran global dengan beberapa fokus kegiatan, yaitu : (1) meningkatkan kemampuan sumber daya manusia dan merumuskan manajemen Pengrajin agar mempunyai peningkatan daya saing yang tinggi , (2) meningkatkan pemahaman dan kesadaran Pengrajin untuk mendaftarkan Hak Cipta , agar meningkatkan omzet dan harga penjualan produk , (3) memperluas akses pasar sampai ke pasar global .Metode pendekatan yang dipakai adalah rantai nilai (value chain). Pendekatan ini secara sistematis memperhitungkan keseluruhan tahapan mulai dari proses produksi dan juga analisis dari berbagai keterkaitan dan aliran informasi sepanjang rantai. Strategi pengembangan didasarkan pada : (1) Pemetaan potensi sumber daya manusia dan komoditas unggulan yang dimiliki , untuk kemudian didaftarkan Hak Ciptanya,(2) Mendorong peningkatan peran Perguruan Tinggi , Pemerintah Daerah dan Pemerintah Pusat , Dinas dan Instansi Vertikal , perusahaan swasta , Badan Usaha Milik Daerah , Badan Usaha Milik Negara serta masyarakat untuk membangun ekonomi secara sinergis .Hasil penelitian menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa masih kurangnya kemampuan sumber daya manusia Pengrajin dalam meningkatkan daya saing yang tinggi , masih banyak Pengrajin yang belum memiliki pemahaman tentang pentingnya pendaftaran hak cipta dan Pengrajin belum mampu secara mandiri mengakses pasar global .Keyword : batik , bordir , Hak Cipta , omzet , harga penjualan , global .
PERSEPSI KINERJA DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT DAERAH (DPRD) KOTA SALATIGA TAHUN 2019
Authors: Aris Tri Haryanto Suwardi &
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini menempatkan fungsi Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (DPRD) terdriri dari fungsi legislasi, pengawasan, anggaran dan hormonisasi dengan pemerintah daerah. Persepsi masyarakat terhadap pelaksanaan keempat fungsi tersebut menentukan keberhasilan memenuhi harapan aspirasi tuntutan dan keinginan masyarakat. Survey melibatkan 512 responden terdistribusi di 128 titik lokasi survey. Margin error 5% tingkat signifikansi 95%. Perhitungan persepsi menggunakan pendekatan indek kepuasan masyakat (IKM). Hasil riset menyimpulkan bahwa skor rata – rata tertimbng kinerja DPRD Kota Salatiga 3,52. Nilai Konversi 88,0. Kateori “B” atau baik. Ada kecenderungan hubungan tidak berbanding lurus antara fungsi pengawasan dewan dengan fungsi harmonisasi dengan pemerintah daeranKata Kunci: DPRD Kota Salatiga, IKM, fungsi dewan
KOLABORASI BIMBINGAN KELOMPOK DAN KONSELING KELOMPOK DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTERISTIK MENTAL YANG SEHAT MAHASISWA
Authors: Sri Suryanti Hera Heru , Hartini Sri
Published: August 2021

Karakteristik mental yang sehat merupakan salah satu modal untuk mencapai cita-cita hidup mahasiswa. Melalui mental sehat mahasiswa akan mampu berpikir kreatif dan produktif. Namun demikian masih ada mahasiswa yang tidak peduli terhadap kesehatan mental yang dimiliki. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari salah satunya adalah sulit menyesuaikan diri, belum mampu memanfaatkan potensinya dengan baik. Apabila hal tersebut dibiarkan maka mahasiswa tidak akan bisa belajar dengan baik yang akhirnya berdampak indeks prestasinya rendah.Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kolaborasi bimbingan kelompok dan konseling kelompok dalam membentuk karakteristik mental sehat mahasiswa. Metode yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan adalah metode kualitatif. Subyek penelitian adalah mahasiswa semester V yang karakteristik mentalnya kurang sehat Program Studi Bimbingan dan Konseling FKIP UNISRI, obyek penelitian adalah kolaborasi bimbingan kelompok dan konseling kelompok dalam membentuk karakteristik mental sehat mahasiswa, metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi dan tes. Untuk keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi, diskusi teman sejawat, dan memberchecking. Analisis data menggunakan analisis kualitatif (analisis interaktif)Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kolaborasi bimbingan kelompok dan konseling kelompok dapat membentuk karakteristik mental sehat mahasiswa dengan indikator: Terhindar dari gejala-gejala gangguan jiwa (neurose) dan penyakit jiwa (psikose), Dapat menyesuaikan diri, Memanfaatkan potensi semaksimal mungkin, Tercapai kebahagiaan pribadi dan orang lainKata Kunci: kolaborasi, bimbingan kelompok, konseling kelompok, karakteristik mental sehat.
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA KARTUN DAN GAMBAR TOKOH LOKAL PADA PESERTA DIDIK SD NEGERI BIBISLUHUR 1 SURAKARTA
Authors: Sarafuddin Sarafuddin
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran yang jelas tentang: (1) Media pembelajaran yang digunakan guru dalam pembelajaran pendidikan karakter pada peserta didik SD Negeri Bibisluhur 1 Surakarta, dan (2) Keefektivan media kartun dan gambar tokoh lokal dalam meningkatkan pembelajaran pendidikan karakter di SD Negeri Bibisluhur 1 Surakarta.Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, dengan strategi studi kasus terpancang tunggal. Data diperoleh dari: (1) Tempat dan peristiwa yaitu kegiatan pembelajaran di SD Negeri Bibisluhur 1 Surakarta. Dari sumber data ini akan diperoleh informasi tentang efektivitas pembelajaran pendidikan karakter dengan menggunakan media kartun dan gambar tokoh lokal; (2) Dokumen, yaitu dokumen berupa buku-buku pelajaran, media pembelajaran yang digunakan oleh guru, dan laporan hasil evaluasi belajar peserta didik,  dan (3) Informan, yaitu terdiri dari guru dan peserta didik kelas 5 SD Negeri Bibisluhur 1 Surakarta. Untuk memperoleh data dilakukan dengan: (1) Observasi; (2) Analisis dokumen, dan (3) Wawancara mendalam. Dalam upaya memperoleh validitas data dilakukan dengan trianggulasi data/sumber dan metode. Teknik analisis data dilakukan secara bersama antara komponen analisis, yaitu reduksi data, sajian data dan verifikasi atau penarikan simpulan dengan pengumpulan data secara interaktif menggunakan model siklus. Target luaran penelitian ini antara lain; (1) Menambah wawasan guru dalam memilih media pelajaran yang berbasis pendidikan karakter serta dapat memahamkan peserta didik tentang kearifan lokal; (2) Tersedia seperangkat media pembelajaran pendidikan karakter yang bersumber dari riwayat tokoh lokal. Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran, Pendidikan Karakter, Media Kartun, Gambar Tokoh Lokal.
DEVELOPMENT OF A CHILDREN ENTREPRENEURIAL SCIENCE THINKING TEST FOR STEM EDUCATION
Authors: Ahmad Jamilah , Siew Nyet Moi
Published: August 2021

There are limited research studies about the development of test instrument to assess the level of entrepreneurial thinking among children in STEM education. The purpose of this research was to develop an Entrepreneurial Science Thinking Test (ESTT) for primary school children in STEM Education and evaluate its validity and reliability. The ESTT was developed using experiential learning theory which comprised of five constructs, namely Observation, New Ideas, Innovation, Creativity, and Value. The ESTT consisted of ten open-ended question items that require children to answer questions in statements and draw sketches of ideas. The evaluation was conducted to determine the reliability and validity of ESTT which involved five subject matter experts and 166 11-year-old fifth graders from five urban schools in Sabah, Malaysia. The data obtained from fifth graders were computed using WINSTEPS software version 3.73 and analysed using the Rasch measurement model. The results indicated a high acceptable content validity and construct validity, high internal consistency, and excellent item reliability and item separation. Through item fit analysis, all items were retained. The finding established the reliability and validity of the ESTT and would therefore represent a valid and highly reliable instrument for measuring entrepreneurial science thinking among fifth graders in STEM Education.
Keywords: experiential learning theory, science entrepreneurial thinking, validity and reliability, STEM education
EXPLORING THE EFFECTS ON FIFTH GRADERS’ CONCEPT ACHIEVEMENT AND SCIENTIFIC EPISTEMOLOGICAL BELIEFS: APPLYING THE PREDICTION-OBSERVATION-EXPLANATION INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING MODEL IN SCIENCE EDUCATION
Authors: Zhao Li , He Wei , Liu Xiaohong , Tai Kai-Hsin , Hong Jon-Chao
Published: August 2021

The inquiry-based learning model can facilitate students’ understanding of scientific concepts. Scientific epistemological beliefs (SEBs) are related to students’ beliefs about the nature of the process of knowledge in science education. However, whether the “prediction-observation-explanation” (POE) inquiry-based learning model can facilitate fifth graders’ concept achievement and SEBs in science education has not been extensively studied. This study selected the unit of Light Refraction to explore the effects of POE learning on fifth graders’ science concept achievement and SEBs. The Light Refraction Test and Scientific Epistemological Beliefs measurement were applied to the two groups prior to and following the experiment. The experimental group (N=86) participated in POE inquiry-based learning, whereas the control group (N=88) participated without POE inquiry-based learning. The results revealed a significant difference between the two groups, with the experimental group learners performing better than the control group in the concept achievement. In addition, the results showed better positive effects of POE on experimental group learners’ SEBs in the scales of Source and Certainty. Findings suggested that learners achieved better concept achievements and SEBs with the approach of POE inquiry-based learning, which pointed to certain implications for inquiry-based teaching, as well as in education of future science instructors.
Keywords: inquiry-based learning model, light refraction, prediction-observation-explanation, science education, scientific epistemological beliefs
PRIMARY STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE OF STEM DOMAIN-SPECIFIC SELF-EFFICACY BELIEF AND EXPECTANCY-VALUE BELIEF
Authors: Zhou Shao-Na , Chen Lu-Chang , Xu Shao-Rui , Lu Chu-Ting , Li Qiu-ye , Li De-An
Published: August 2021

Most studies have concentrated in assessing students’ overall attitudes towards science, mathematics, and engineering/technology or the attitude towards individual STEM domain. The present research aims to explore primary students’ gender and grade differences of their STEM domain-specific attitudes including self-efficacy and expectancy-value beliefs, as well as their correlations. The results showed no detected significant effects among these different STEM domains in the overall attitudes, the overall self-efficacy beliefs, and the overall expectancy-value beliefs for primary students. The correlations between self-efficacy and expectancy-value were much stronger for the science domain and engineering/technology domain than the mathematics domain. No gender difference of the self-efficacy beliefs was detected except in the mathematics domain, and the result that lower primary students performed significantly better than upper primary students in the self-efficacy was also mainly contributed by the grade difference in the mathematics domain. Whereas no different expectancy-value beliefs existed across genders and grade levels in various STEM domains. The present results reported some unique performances by the primary school students compared to the elder group.
Keywords: expectancy-value, gender differences, grade levels, self-efficacy, STEM attitudes
Evaluación financiera del Banco del Austro y análisis del impacto de las regulaciones bancarias decretadas por el Gobierno Ecuatoriano en el periodo 2010-2014
Authors: Guerrero Freire Edisson Israel , Santana Torres Andrea Alejandra , Ibáñez Jacome Sixto Santiago , Flores Abarca Luz Irene
Published: August 2021

Introducción. Las políticas gubernamentales permanecen presentes en cada una de las esferas de un territorio. Tienen el objetivo de dar soluciones prácticas a las problemáticas de la Sociedad.  Sin embargo, la ideología política de los mandatarios puede conllevar un cambio notorio, haciendo que las políticas decretadas puedan benefician a un grupo social y afectar a otros. Estas políticas se catalogan en regulatorias, distributivas, redistributivas y constitutivas o institucionales. Objetivo. Realizar un análisis de las políticas económicas instaurada por el gobierno y de su incidencia en los estados financieros del Banco del Austro en el periodo 2010-2014. Metodología.  La investigación tiene un enfoque mixto, se lleva una investigación exploratoria, descriptiva y correlacional. La población fue conformada por los directivos del Banco del Austro, y se utilizó una muestra de 28 personas para aplicar la entrevista. Resultados. Se determino que las políticas gubernamentales emitidas en el periodo 2010-2014 inciden sobre los estados financieros, y tuvieron un impacto negativo, puesto que redujeron su liquidez pasando desde el año 2010 de una liquidez de 0,31 al año 2014 a una liquidez de 0,28. Se aprecia que cinco resoluciones emitidas por el gobierno se clasifican como regulatorias, dos como redistributiva y una se clasifica como distributiva. Conclusiones. Las políticas económicas adoptadas por el gobierno en el periodo 2010-2014 afectaron negativamente en los estados financieros del Banco del Austro.
Yield and Yield Contributing Attributes Of Potato as Influenced by Vermicompost And Seed Tuber Size
Authors: Mostofa M , Roy TS , Chakraborty R
Published: August 2021

Low yield is crucial bottleneck for potato production in Bangladesh. The application of vermicompost may enhance the yield of potato. The experiment was consisted of two factors, i.e., Factor A: - Vermicompost level (Vm1-4): Vm1: 0 t ha-1, Vm2: 3 t ha-1, Vm3: 6 t ha-1 and Vm4: 9 t ha-1; Factor B:- Tuber size (T1-5): T1: 5-10 g, T2: 10-20 g, T3: 20-30 g, T4: 30-40 g and T5: > 40 g. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with three replications. Vermicompost had significant effect on most of the yield contributing parameters investigated under present study. Results revealed that yield parameters increased with increasing vermicompost level irrespective of tuber size. Among the twenty (20) treatment combinations, vermicompost at the rate of 9 t ha-1 with tuber size > 40 g produced the maximum yield (31.33 t ha-1) that was 53.53 % higher than that of control with 3273.01 $ of monetary advantage. Therefore, present study suggests that potato growers may use vermicompost for increasing yield of potato in Bangladesh.
SAARC J. Agric., 19(1): 71-79 (2021)
Supplementation of Diet With Microbial And Thermo-Stable 6-Phytase With Recommended And Deficient CA and P Level on Broiler Performance
Authors: Islam MT , Habib M , Ferdaus AJM , Mollah MBR , Ali MS
Published: August 2021

An experiment was carried out to investigate the performances with 1080 male Cobb-500 broiler chicks using different levels of a microbial phytase in plantbased diet. Six dietary treatments were formulated as follows; the first 3 diets were balanced with Ca and Av. P according to the recommendation of Cobb-500 served as basal diet without phytase enzyme (T1), basal diet with 100g phytase ton-1 feed (T2) and basal diet with 200g phytase ton-1 feed (T3), while the last 3 diets were deficient in Ca and Av. P and containing no phytase enzyme (T4), diet with 100g phytase/ton feed (T5) and diet with 200g phytase ton-1 feed (T6). All 6 treatments were replicated 6 times. Body weight, feed consumption and mortality of broilers were recorded weekly. The highest body weight was found in T3 with 200g phytase ton-1 feed with recommended Ca and Av. P level in the diet, followed by T6 with 200g phytase/ton feed with deficient in Ca and Av. P level in the diet (P<0.05). The lowest weight was found in T1 without phytase with recommended Ca and Av. P level in the diet. The feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and mortality of the birds during 35 days of experimental period did not differ significantly (P<0.05). The meat yield characteristics at 35 days of age were non-significant among different treatments (P>0.05). Significantly lower value of total ash (%), Ca (%) and total P (%) of tibia was found in control group (T1) and T4. The results of this experiment revealed that phytase supplementation at 200g ton-1 of feed improved broiler performances at either recommended or deficient level of Ca and Av. P.
SAARC J. Agric., 19(1): 211-222 (2021)
Use of Immunostimulants for Fish Health Management in Mymensingh District Of Bangladesh
Authors: Faruk MAR , Begum MM , Anka IZ
Published: August 2021

Immunostimulants have been used as a prospective substance against several disease events in aquaculture, although subsequent impact is not clearly explored yet. The present study was conducted to investigate the use of immunostimulants for fish health management in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. Questionnaire survey was performed with a total of 40 fish farmers and 20 chemical and drug retailers. Altogether, 41 immunostimulants under 7 different categories including glucans and polysaccharides, vitamins, minerals, vitamin-mineral premixes, enzymes, nucleic acids and plant extracts were reported. ACI, Eon, Acme, Square, Renata and SK+F were noticed as the prominent sources among 24 listed companies in this study. The most frequently used immunostimulants were recorded as Megavit-aqua (88.75%), Multivitamin (87.5%), Aqua-boost (87.25%), Eskalina (83.25%) and Eon fish grower (82.5%). Farmers in this study mentioned about improved health condition with lower average disease incidence (29.3%) and reduced mortality (65.35%) in fish after application of immunostimulant. The findings of this study will be useful to perform further research regarding the efficacy and impacts of a wide range of immunostimulants used in aquaculture of Bangladesh.
SAARC J. Agric., 19(1): 237-248 (2021)
LIMITATION OF THE RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF SPEECH ON THE INDONESIAN CONSTITUTIONAL COURT CONSIDERATION
Authors: Anindyajati Titis
Published: August 2021

Nowadays, everyone tends to use the right to freedom of speech without limitation, such as emergences of hate speech expression on various social media platforms. However, such expression is regulated by Article 28, paragraph (2) of the ITE Law and deemed to be contrary to public order. On the other hand, this law was considered by some people as a criminalization towards the right to freedom of speech. This paradox becomes a big issue that never ceases to be discussed. That is why Constitutional Court had conducted judicial review on some norms related to freedom of speech. This study aims to analyze the Constitutional Court decision towards the polarity of the right to freedom of speech and the public order. This study uses normative research with the statutory, analytical and comparative approach. Therefore, the results show the importance of limitation in implementing the freedom of speech to protect the constitutional right of society as stated in the 1945 Constitution. Despite the already decided judicial review by the Court, there is still an urgency to revise The ITE law in order to clarify certain rules related to hate speech in social media.
FULL E-BOOK MAJALAH HUKUM NASIONAL VOLUME 51 NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2021
Authors: Baihaki M Reza , Sitorus Raymon , Aisyiah Cahyani , Priskila Ginting Yuni , Sukri Indah Fitriani , Nuralia Nuralia , Andrianto Nico , Yanuar Muh. Afdal
Published: August 2021

Versi Ebook ini merupakan kumpulan dari 7 tulisan (artikel) yang ada di Majalah Hukum Nasional Volume 51 Nomor 1 Tahun 2021. Selamat membaca dan semoga bermanfaat.
A Prognostic Factor for Prolonged Mechanical Ventilator-Dependent Respiratory Failure after Cervical Spinal Cord Injury : Maximal Canal Compromise on Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Lee Subum , Roh Sung Woo , Jeon Sang Ryong , Park Jin Hoon , Kim Kyoung-Tae , Lee Young-Seok , Cho Dae-Chul
Published: August 2021

Objective : The period of mechanical ventilator (MV)-dependent respiratory failure after cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) varies from patient to patient. This study aimed to identify predictors of MV at hospital discharge (MVDC) due to prolonged respiratory failure among patients with MV after CSCI.Methods : Two hundred forty-three patients with CSCI were admitted to our institution between May 2006 and April 2018. Their medical records and radiographic data were retrospectively reviewed. Level and completeness of injury were defined according to the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) standards. Respiratory failure was defined as the requirement for definitive airway and assistance of MV. We also evaluated magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of the cervical spine. These characteristics included : maximum canal compromise (MCC); intramedullary hematoma or cord transection; and integrity of the disco-ligamentous complex for assessment of the Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classification (SLIC) scoring. The inclusion criteria were patients with CSCI who underwent decompression surgery within 48 hours after trauma with respiratory failure during hospital stay. Patients with Glasgow coma scale 12 or lower, major fatal trauma of vital organs, or stroke caused by vertebral artery injury were excluded from the study.Results : Out of 243 patients with CSCI, 30 required MV during their hospital stay, and 27 met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 48.1% (13/27) of patients had MVDC with greater than 30 days MV or death caused by aspiration pneumonia. In total, 51.9% (14/27) of patients could be weaned from MV during 30 days or less of hospital stay (MV days : MVDC 38.23±20.79 vs. MV weaning, 13.57±8.40; p<0.001). Vital signs at hospital arrival, smoking, the American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, Associated injury with Injury Severity Score, SLIC score, and length of cord edema did not differ between the MVDC and MV weaning groups. The ASIA impairment scale, level of injury within C3 to C6, and MCC significantly affected MVDC. The MCC significantly correlated with MVDC, and the optimal cutoff value was 51.40%, with 76.9% sensitivity and 78.6% specificity. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, MCC >51.4% was a significant risk factor for MVDC (odds ratio, 7.574; p=0.039).Conclusion : As a method of predicting which patients would be able to undergo weaning from MV early, the MCC is a valid factor. If the MCC exceeds 51.4%, prognosis of respiratory function becomes poor and the probability of MVDC is increased.
Pleistocene paleodrainages explain the phylogeographic structure of Malaysian populations of Asian arowana better than their chromatic variation
Authors: Alshari NFMAH , Lavoué S , Sulaiman MAM , Khaironizam MZ , Mohd Nor SA , Aziz F
Published: August 2021

Little is known about the genetic structure and phylogeography of Asian arowana (Scleropages spp.). Natural variation in body color has led to the informal distinction of chromatic varieties, but previous studies that attempted to genetically characterize these varieties did not comprehensively cover their geographical distribution. In Malaysia, about 10 drainage-restricted populations of Asian arowana are known that are currently classified into 2 species and 3 color varieties. In this study, we used 3 molecular markers to test 2 hypotheses explaining the relationships among 9 of these populations. The first hypothesis postulates that each color variety forms a monophyletic group, whereas the second hypothesis assumes that Pleistocene paleodrainages shaped the distribution of these populations. We found that the overall genetic variability is low within Asian arowana and that the green variety is non-monophyletic, with other varieties nested within. Instead, the populations of Malaysia belong to 3 genetic lineages that are allopatrically distributed. The ages and distribution of 2 of these lineages are consistent with past connections through paleodrainages, whereas the last lineage is restricted to Central Sarawak. Overall, our results reject the first hypothesis, demonstrating that the geographic origin of specimens is a better phylogenetic indicator than their body color. This study highlights the importance of Malaysia in the conservation of Asian arowana, because it is the only country in which populations of all 3 main genetic lineages occur.
Serotonin-manipulated juvenile green sea turtles Chelonia mydas exhibit reduced fear-like behaviour
Authors: Kudo H , Okuyama MW , Sakamoto KQ , Uchida K , Sato K
Published: August 2021

Animals display fear-like behaviours before escaping from predators. This response triggers both behavioural and physiological changes in multiple body systems, allowing animals to escape danger and ensure survival. Fear-like behaviour is modulated by the serotonergic system in the brain of vertebrates, which shapes social behaviour and cooperative behaviours. Using fluoxetine (FLX), a common pharmaceutical that alters the levels of serotonin in the brain, we aimed to clarify whether the same is true in solitary animals like green turtles Chelonia mydas. Green turtles exhibit individual differences in their response to risk. If fear-related behaviours are regulated by the serotonin system in turtles, the fear-like responses of individuals injected with FLX could change. We therefore assessed the effect of FLX injection on the behavioural responses to a fear stimulus in 9 wild juvenile green turtles in an aquarium setting. We inserted a hand net as a stimulus into the aquarium (within a designated inspection zone) to elicit a fear-like behaviour and measured the time that turtles spent in this zone. All turtles exhibited fear-like behaviour and fled from the stimulus prior to any injection treatment. Turtles with control injection (no FLX) also fled and avoided the inspection zone with the fear stimulus. FLX injection appeared to reduce the turtles’ fear of the stimulus: The total time turtles injected with FLX spent in the inspection zone was significantly longer than for turtles that received a control medium injection. Control turtles fled from the stimulus and were initially vigilant and avoided the area with the stimulus, but then moved throughout the aquarium, including the inspection zone. These data suggest that fear-like behaviour is modulated by the serotonin-mediated nerve system in juvenile green turtles.
Estimating Individual Treatment Effect in Observational Data Using Random Forest Methods
Authors:   , Lu Min
Published: August 2021

Estimation of individual treatment effect in observational data is complicated due to the challenges of confounding and selection bias. A useful inferential framework to address this is the counterfactual model which takes the hypothetical stance of asking what if an individual had received both treatments. Making use of random forests (RF) within the counterfactual framework, I estimate individual treatment effects by directly modeling the response. This thesis consists of five Chapters. Chapter 1 reviews the methodology in causal inference and provide mathematical notations. Major approaches reviewed include potential outcome approach, graphical approach and counterfactual approach. Chapter 2 discusses assumptions for counterfactual approach. P-values are useful in causal inference, but whenever it is used, caution must be taken. Section 2.3 and Section 2.4 propose machine learning methods as alternatives to p-values and checking proportional hazards assumption in survival analysis. These two sections are more general in content even beyond the scope of counterfactual approach. Chapter 3 describes six random forest methods for estimating individual treatment effects under counterfactual approach framework and discusses model consistency and convergence of random forest in Section 3.6. Chapter 4 demonstrates the performance of these methods in complex simulations and how the most appropriate method is used in a real dataset for continuous outcome. Chapter 5 addresses causal inference in survival analysis of ischemic cardiomyopathy. Treatment effect is viewed as a dynamic causal procedure. New random forest methods are proposed in this chapter to assess individual therapy overlap. These methods possess the unique feature of being able to incorporate external expert knowledge either in a fully supervised way (i.e., we have a strong belief that knowledge is correct), or in a minimally-supervised fashion (i.e., knowledge is not considered gold-standard).
The Influence of Female Leadership Towards Performance: Evidence from Western European Financial Firms
Authors: Cong-Duc Tran  , Ly Pham T. Minh  , Jo-Yu Wang
Published: August 2021

Does the appearance of women at the executive position in the boardroom make any differences in firm performance, especially in the financial sector which is well-known to be a male dominated sector? Inspired by that question, our study aims to explore the influence of female leadership in firm performance. We investigate this relationship from a comprehensive dataset comprising of 310 listed financial institutions from 21 Western European countries. The endogeneity concerns were removed using a Two stage approach least square (2SLS) and Generalized method of moments (GMM). Critically, we demonstrated that women's appearance at alternative managerial levels, including the chairperson, executive, and total female directors in the boardroom, negatively influences both firm accounting and market-based performance. We further explore that the percentage of women in the boardroom (excepting non-executive female directors) has a negative impact on performance only in low-performing firms. Our findings argue with previous studies which encouraged more involvement of women at higher managerial levels. We believe that women's unique characteristics are addressed to alleviate interest behavior, but they tend to reduce the performance of financial firms.
Determinants of e-Commerce Adoption: Evidence from Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in India
Authors: R. Sujatha  , M. S. Karthikeyan
Published: August 2021

Information technology (IT) is driving the business world in contemporary times. Large, medium, and small organisations in developed and developing countries are trying to adopt electronic commerce (e-commerce). Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are abundant in India, which is a rapidly developing country. Despite enormous efforts to adopt e-commerce, SMEs must address many hurdles. The major objective of this paper is to investigate the determinant factors that influence the adoption of e-commerce in SMEs. In this study, three categories and a three-stage model were used to demonstrate the various factors and stages that are involved in the adoption of e-commerce. A structured survey was conducted and data was collected from 148 firms in Coimbatore, a major industrial city in India. The data was analysed using binomial logistic regression to determine a significant relationship between a set of independent variables and the dependent variable. The results indicated that Top Management Support, Learning Orientation, Receptivity towards Change, Strategic Orientation, IT Readiness, Cost, and Relative Advantage as statistically significant determinants of e-commerce adoption. This study provides insight to the managers of organisations who are responsible for implementing e-commerce, and it will help to spread e-commerce use across SMEs in India.
Innovation Capabilities and Performance of Malaysian Agricultural SMEs: The Moderating Role of Strategic Alliance
Authors: Nurul Izni Kamalrulzaman  , Azlinzuraini Ahmad  , Akmalia Mohamad Ariff  , Mohd Shaladdin Muda
Published: August 2021

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the agriculture sector in Malaysia are still seen to contribute only a small portion towards Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the total number of the national workforce. As for agricultural SMEs, innovation activities are needed to produce quality agricultural-based products to meet the increasing of Malaysia and world market demand. Nevertheless, innovation among agricultural SMEs is still less encouraging. Hence, this study aims to investigate the effect of innovation capabilities towards performance of agricultural SMEs in Malaysia and determine the role of strategic alliance as a moderator in influencing the performance of agricultural SMEs. The conceptual framework of innovation capabilities is based on Resource-Based View Theory and Schumpeter Innovation Theory that considers strategic alliance will positively affect the relationship between innovation capabilities and SME performance. A total of 136 respondents from Agricultural SMEs were used for data analysis process using SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results show that innovation capabilities have a positive impact on the performance of SMEs, while strategic alliance does not affect the relationship between innovation capabilities and agricultural SME performance. Although strategic alliance has insignificant effect, this might be resulted from the emphasis of this study as it defined strategic alliances as acquisitions of companies. For agricultural SMEs in Malaysia, entrepreneurs need to look at an alliance from a positive perspective by looking it as a joint venture process in resource sharing that will benefit the enterprises, thus it is not only meant acquisition. The implication of this study is expected to contribute and enhance the role of innovation capabilities among entrepreneurs and strategic alliances in the Malaysian agricultural SMEs.
Emotional Intelligence, Spiritual Intelligence and Employee Performance: The Mediating Role of Communication Competence
Authors: Anita Rahmawaty  , Wahibur Rokhman  , Anton Bawono  , Nafis Irkhami
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence on employee performance and the role of communication competence in mediating the influence of emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence on employee performance. The samples are selected from employees (n = 196) of Islamic Microfinance Institutions in Pati, Central Java, Indonesia. The results of path analysis reveal that emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence have a positive and significant influence on communication competence and employee performance, and communication competence partially mediates the influence of emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence on employee performance. Therefore, it is recommended that Islamic Microfinance practitioners should improve employee performance through emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, and communication competence.
Market Structure and Profitability: Evidence in the Indonesian Islamic Insurance Industry
Authors: Mohammad Nur Rianto Al Arif  , Bella Firmansyah
Published: August 2021

There is limited research about the relationship between market structure and profitability in the insurance industry, especially in the Islamic insurance industry. This study examines the relationship among market structure and profitability in Islamic life insurance industry in Indonesia. This research used regression with panel data for the technique of analysis. The model used in this research was the fixed effect model. The result shows that the market structure affected the profitability of Islamic life insurance industry. This result implies that the traditional hypothesis supports the performance of Islamic life insurance industry in Indonesia. However, this research shows that there is no collusive behavior in Islamic life insurance industry in Indonesia. Meanwhile, for control variables, operational efficiency has an adverse effect on the performance of Islamic life insurance industry in Indonesia.
Solar System Wave Function
Authors: Soltani Abolfazl
Published: August 2021

Pluto, Ceres and all planets of solar system except Neptune, with a high approximation, follow a law called Titius-Bode law (TBL) or Bode law, which can by no means be considered as a stochastic event. This law shows that the distance of the planets from the sun in Solar system is regulated. Here, we prove that the existence of a standing and cosine wave packet in solar system, with the wavelength λ = 0.6 AU (AU represents the distance of earth from the sun) and the phase constant ∅_0=π/6, is the reason for TBL. Moreover, we prove that this huge wave packet belongs to the sun. Finally in this article we will prove that without solar system wave function, it is not possible to reach to the TBL from the protoplanetary disk of solar system.
Robin Criterion on Divisibility
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: August 2021

Robin criterion states that the Riemann Hypothesis is true if and only if the inequality $\sigma(n) < e^{\gamma } \times n \times \log \log n$ holds for all $n > 5040$, where $\sigma(n)$ is the sum-of-divisors function and $\gamma \approx 0.57721$ is the Euler-Mascheroni constant. This is known as the Robin inequality. We prove that the Robin inequality is true for all $n > 5040$ which are not divisible by any prime number between $2$ and $953$. In addition, we demonstrate that the Robin inequality holds when $\frac{\pi^{2}}{6} \times \log\log n' \leq \log\log n$ for some number $n>5040$ where $n'$ is the square free kernel of the natural number $n$. Using these results, we show some properties of the possible smallest counterexample $n > 5040$ of the Robin inequality.
Ejercicio físico como posible tratamiento de apoyo no farmacológico para pacientes con asma grave no alérgica
Authors: Hernandez quintero Julian andres
Published: August 2021

Este artículo de reflexión pretende exponer inferencias de información científica sobre la coexistencia de los beneficios del ejercicio físico en aspectos fisiológicos del asma no alérgica y la posible orientación a futuras investigaciones, cuya rigurosidad experimental, permita responder aquellas incógnitas que desde fisioterapia aún no se han clarificado. La información a la cual se accedió fue resultado de una búsqueda en PubMed con una selección de artículos no probabilística y por conveniencia. Los resultados de las reflexiones de este estudio sugieren a la comunidad científica la posibilidad de regulación de variables de diagnóstico como FENO y eosinófilos mediado por el ejercicio físico que podrían des-escalonar la gravedad del asma en pacientes adultos. Como conclusión, la profundización en este tema con la elaboración de estudios experimentales favorecería el entendimiento en la prescripción del ejercicio con objetivos fisiológicos medibles para pacientes con asma grave no alérgica y favorecer su calidad de vida
Concepto de discapacidad
Authors: Vasquez Andrea , Neira Carlos
Published: August 2021

Introducción: La discapacidad representa una serie de elementos concebidos desde una integralidad política, social, sanitaria, económica, entre otras. El presente artículo describe los resultados de una revisión  cuyo objetivo fue conocer la evidencia científica actual que existe en torno al concepto de discapacidad mediante una revisión de la literatura y aportes con respecto a la situación actual en Colombia. Método: Revisión narrativa de la literatura científica consultando las bases de datos Medline vía PubMed, LILACS, The Cochrane Library, Google Académico, Scielo. Se incluyeron artículos con una obsolescencia no mayor a diez años, escritos en inglés y español y que tuvieran descarga completa con acceso libre. En las bases de datos que lo permitieron se empleó para la ecuación de búsqueda descriptores (DeSC y MeSH) y como límites: Humanos.  Resultados: Los hallazgos temáticos se organizaron en unos ejes principales que incluyen el concepto de discapacidad desde los diferentes modelos que han surgido a lo largo del tiempo y la contextualización para el territorio colombiano. Conclusión: La revisión de la literatura realizada  en el presente artículo, permite  comprender el concepto de discapacidad a lo largo del tiempo sus modificaciones y adaptaciones a diferentes modelos emergentes.
Lactato como biomarcador de perfusión celular en las Unidades de Terapia Intensiva
Authors: Velarde Gustavo Carlos , Vélez Jorge Luis , Montalvo Mario , Jara Fernando , Aguayo Moscoso Santiago , Vélez Pablo
Published: August 2021

Choque es una patología clínica aguda caracterizada por un desbalance entre la disponibilidad y el consumo de oxígeno a nivel celular, pudiendo llegar a un punto crítico llamado hipoxia tisular, de no corregir el trastorno primario puede causar disfunción multiorganica y la muerte del paciente, de ahí el interés de encontrar un biomarcador que refleje este complejo proceso. El ácido láctico o lactato en la actualidad corresponde el marcador de perfusión celular más utilizado en las unidades de terapia intensiva debido a la superioridad predictiva como marcador de mal pronóstico confirmada en estudios clínicos versus otros marcadores tradicionales en todos los tipos de choque. El lactato ha demostrado una buena relación con mayor mortalidad con una única medición inicial en el contexto de falla circulatoria, poder predictivo de mayor mortalidad de no existir una disminución del 10% en relación al lactato inicial a las 6 horas de reanimación y más importante una guía de reanimación temprana, probablemente no es el biomarcador ideal al ser considerado más una sustancia química producto del metabolismo intermedio vital como fuente de energía en un contexto de hipoxia tisular, que un biomarcador de lesión o disfunción celular. Sin embargo su poder predictivo lo hace un marcador digno de un estudio y entendimiento profundo.
Suporte de pares como estratégia de Recovery e a experiência dos redutores de danos da Rede Pública de Saúde Mental de Belo Horizonte
Authors: Malheiro Siqueira Olívia , Oliveira Romão Caroline , Torres de Oliveira Ana Sophia , Nobre Breno Rodrigo , Coutinho Ângelo de Azeredo , Arcanjo Oliveira Louise
Published: August 2021

Recovery es un concepto que surgió en la década de 1970 para designar el proceso por el cual las personas que experimentan un problema de salud mental se vuelven capaces de manejar tal experiencia de una manera que les permite tener una vida significativa, con un sentido positivo de pertenencia a la comunidad. Una de las estrategias de recovery es el apoyo entre pares, que consiste en la interacción, con un enfoque en brindar apoyo, entre personas que viven con problemas de salud mental y otras personas que atraviesan situaciones similares. Si bien la contratación de pares en Brasil es aún incipiente, en este artículo se argumenta que la experiencia de reducción de daños, al menos en la forma en que se configura en la red pública de salud mental en Belo Horizonte, consiste en un modelo brasileño cercano a lo representado por el apoyo de pares en otros países. Así, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo reportar la experiencia de tres reductores de daños en Belo Horizonte, para conocer el potencial de la reducción de daños como estrategia de recovery.