bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Empowering analysts to undertake ethically and legally appropriate public good research.
Authors: O'Flynn Lily
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesThis session will set out the ethical and legal obligations on researchers when collecting, accessing and sharing data, explain why these are important and introduce researchers to frameworks designed to support them in meeting these obligations in an efficient manner.

ApproachResearch governance requirements are sometimes viewed by analysts as introducing friction into the data access process. This session will take the high level ethical and legal principles set out in the Research Code of Practice and Accreditation Criteria that researchers are often required to adhere to and translate them into relatable frameworks that can be easily applied to statistical research projects. It will overview the open-source support available across the research community for analysts needing to overcome identified ethical and legal barriers to enable efficient access to data for public good research that maintains public trust.

ResultsIssues with the timelines involved with access to data are widely cited.  Over the last year, the frameworks and associated user support overviewed in this session have enabled over 250 research projects to efficiently move forward in an ethically and legally appropriate way, with users across government, academia and the private sector and representation across all disciplines. We have found that helping researchers understand why such research governance requirements are in place and providing recognised and user-focused solutions for meeting such requirements speeds up the data access process. Researchers that attend this session will understand how the Research Code of Practice and Accreditation Criteria is applied to research, how to demonstrate compliance with these requirements, and support available for achieving this.

ConclusionThis session aims to equip analysts with tools and support that enable them to ensure that their research is ethically and legally appropriate by design, and therefore empower the research community minimise ethical and legal barriers which may prevent or prolong access to data for public good research.
Cross-jurisdictional data access processes and coordination in two countries: key learnings and innovative approaches.
Authors: Ethier Marie-Chantal , Wu Juliana , Marshall Carina , Flack Felicity
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesAccess to cross-jurisdictional data can be beneficial to researchers but challenges exist in accessing data from different legal jurisdictions and policy environments. Two national networks in Australia and Canada will share their respective approaches to supporting the discovery of, and coordinating applications and approvals for, cross-jurisdictional data access.

ApproachCollaboration between these two networks in the last year have allowed members to gain a better understanding of the approaches that have been put in place to support the coordination of cross-jurisdictional data applications. Through regular inter-network discussion and joint workshops, we have gained insight into the similarities, differences and challenges faced by each and identified common goals for continued shared learnings.

ResultsSimilarities and differences exist between the approach and processes each network has implemented to coordinate applications for cross-jurisdictional data. In both countries, a single point of contact model has been key in coordinating data requests centrally. Whereas in one country, virtual access to linked data is provided centrally, different legal and policy environments across jurisdictions in another country are barriers to accessing data in one location.  Each network has developed processes and tools to meet researcher needs while respecting local requirements and are turning to innovative strategies. For example, one network is developing infrastructure to support analysis of data in a distributed way, and both groups are creating centralized tools to streamline the data discovery and access processes to improve researcher experience.

ConclusionThe coordination of applications for cross-jurisdictional data access by two national networks has streamlined researcher access, but challenges exist to fully meet researcher needs for cross-jurisdictional analyses.  The continued cross-network collaboration will allow for shared learning opportunities and development of innovative solutions to tackle challenges related to cross-jurisdictional data access.
Palliative care, unpaid care and deprivation in Scotland: a study using census and vital registration data.
Authors: Atherton Iain , Jamieson Michelle , Savinc Jan
Published: August 2022

ApproachThe analysis was based on a linkage of the Scottish 2011 census and death registration records where deaths had occurred within 12 months of the decennial census. Areal deprivation used the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation, a widely used indicator that uses administrative data to rank areas by degree of deprivation. Palliative care needs were assessed using a validated approach that utilizes ICD10 codes from death registrations. Availability of unpaid care was assessed using place of residence at point of census and indication of other people resident in the same household.

ResultsThere were 52,553 death records of which 46,473 were for people aged 18 years or older at census and had matched census records. Deaths with palliative care needs were highest in the least deprived areas, though proportions were high regardless of deprivation ranging from 81.2% of deaths in the least deprived to quintile to 76.0% in the most deprived. Given the higher number of deaths in the most deprived areas, numbers of deaths were spread evenly across quintiles. In contrast, people approaching the end of life at point of census were more likely to live alone if resident in the most deprived quintile at point of census (40.8% vs 26.5%).

ConclusionPalliative care needs are high regardless of levels of deprivation. However, it may be that those residing in more deprived areas not only have fewer financial resources to cope but also have lower recourse to support within the household.
Using linkage to assess coverage of population estimates.
Authors: Collyer Sarah , Plachta Josie
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesThe Demographic Index (DI) comprises of five linked administrative datasets, used for population estimation. Current linkage methods are not ideal to utilise the power of this asset. Using the 2021 England and Wales Census, we are developing an innovative composite linkage method to fully utilise the power of the DI.

ApproachUsing non-greedy deterministic and probabilistic linkage methods, we will link the DI to the Census at a composite level where we believe links exist – i.e., linking a Census cluster (consisting of linked Census and Census Coverage Survey (CCS) records) with a DI cluster (consisting of linked records from the data sources used to make the DI). We will then conduct a pairwise linkage of records from these linked clusters to link individual source records to the Census. We will utilise clerical review to resolve uncertain and conflicting links and to inform the quality of our linkage.

ResultsWe anticipate producing a high-quality linkage that will inform how the coverage of the DI compares to Census (through the composite-level linkage) and the quality of the DI itself (through the pairwise-level linkage). We have developed a clerical matching system that can display composite-level linkage, i.e., candidate cluster-pairs. We will tailor our clerical review and quality assessment to records that fall within carefully chosen postcode areas, to ensure all hard-to-count groups and geographical areas are sampled. Working with large datasets is a challenge we are overcoming by using distributed computing and search space reduction.

The 2021 Census has been previously linked to the CCS with high accuracy; these records are considered intrinsically linked.

ConclusionTo assess national population estimates’ quality and the policy decisions based upon them, we are linking a key composite population-level dataset to the 2021 England and Wales Census. The presentation will showcase the methods we are developing and how we are ensuring the highest quality possible.
Exploring Goldstein et al.’s Scalelink method of data linkage.
Authors: Cleaton Mary Ann Megan , Plachta Josie , Shipsey Rachel
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesScalelink is an innovative probabilistic data linkage method based on correspondence analysis. Unlike the popular and widely-used Fellegi-Sunter algorithm, it does not assume linkage variable independence. It also claims to be more intuitive and computationally efficient. We aim to test this method for the first time on real-world big data.

ApproachScalelink uses agreement states for each linkage variable and candidate pair. These are compared to determine how frequently, for all candidate pairs, any given agreement state is held at the same time as any other agreement state (this accounts for variable dependence). The results of this comparison are inputted into a loss function and the minimisation of this function is derived within constraints to produce weights. Currently, the method is accessible via Goldstein et al.’s paper and R package. We are translating it into PySpark to enable testing on datasets that are too large to link without using distributed computing.

ResultsInitial testing of Goldstein et al.’s Scalelink method on small samples of real-world datasets shows that it performs as expected for a probabilistic linkage method, although cannot currently deal with missingness. To test the quality of the method on real-world big data, a high-quality linked dataset of the 2021 England and Wales Census and follow-up Census Coverage Survey will be used as a Gold Standard (GS). After developing a method that enables Scalelink to deal with missingness, we will apply Scalelink and automatic Fellegi-Sunter probabilistic linkage to this GS. We can thus establish and compare the precision and recall of both methods. We will also investigate linkage bias for particular demographics, test computational efficiency and estimate the clerical review burden for each method.

ConclusionGoldstein et al.’s Scalelink algorithm shows promise as a high quality, scalable, dependence-free linkage algorithm for use in any matching project. Here, for the first time, we research the method’s quality and feasibility with real-world big data. From this we will produce recommendations regarding its utility.
The UK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration: a trusted research environment for the longitudinal research community.
Authors: Boyd Andy , Flaig Robin , Oakley Jacqui , Campbell Kirsteen , Evans Katharine , McLachlan Stella , Thomas Richard , Turner Emma
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 Longitudinal Health and Wellbeing National Core Study utilises data from Longitudinal Population Studies (LPS) and whole-population NHS databases: yet no resource existed linking multiple LPS to COVID-19 records. A centralised infrastructure was needed to pool LPS data and systematically link participants’ routine health, administrative and environmental records.

ApproachThe UK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration (UK LLC) is an unprecedented infrastructure integrating data from major inter-disciplinary and pan-UK LPS and systematically linking these to participants’ COVID-19 relevant records. Integrated and curated data are made available for pooled analysis within a functionally anonymous Trusted Research Environment (TRE). We commissioned a “Secure eResearch Platform - SeRP” to provide an underlying secure computing system including trusted third-party processing of participant identifiers.  We developed a bespoke governance and data curation framework designed collaboratively with LPS data managers and with an access mechanism enabling LPS to retain key decision-making controls. Public/participant involvement guided our approach.

ResultsData from >20 LPS and >250,000 Participants' are linked to NHS records (primary, secondary, community care; COVID-19; civic registers; prescriptions; mental health) and geo-coded environmental exposures (pollution, green space, neighbourhood indicators). UKLLC is now accessible to UK-wide researchers for COVID-19 research. Our pipeline/resource/provision of linked data is based on three key innovations: (1) a “Linkage brokerage” model where our trusted third-party processes participant identifiers for many different data owners; (2) a novel longitudinal data pipeline with NHS records which enables linkage and data extraction and update of records over time; (3) a “Delegated & Distributed Access Framework” enabling UK LLC Data Access Panel to consider applications on behalf of data owners (e.g., the NHS) whilst distributing applications to LPS for approval of appropriate data use.

ConclusionUK LLC provides a strategic research-ready platform for longitudinal research: a clear step change from pre-pandemic capability. With sustained investment, and through exploring options to extend linkages and generalise to wider purposes, UK LLC is positioned to inform cross-cutting themes such as understanding health and social inequalities, health-social-environmental interactions, and managing the COVID-19 recovery.
Understanding the impact of fertility history on health outcomes in later life.
Authors: Williamson Lee , Dibben Chris
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesAims of this research, involving data linkage and health outcomes, is to gain a full understanding of the impact of both fertility histories and childlessness on health outcomes mid-life accounting for socio-economic background and area of residence. The research draws on and extends work on reproductive histories and life-course outcomes.

ApproachWe aim to extend this area of research, specifically for Scotland, using Census data (1991-2011) from the Scottish Longitudinal Study (SLS) linked to health data. The Census health measures – including the 2011 Census health condition question on mental health - are the research outcomes and the explanatory information is from Census socio-economic data (captured around peak fertility for the research cohort in 1991), along with the SMR02 Maternity and SMR04 Mental Health datasets. The time-frame for available data allows 20 year follow-up from the 1991 Census to mid-life for specific female SLS birth cohorts (born 1959-1966, aged ~45-52 in 2011).

ResultsFrom preliminary modelling we initially find, for this specific female research cohort, high birth parity to be an important factor in relation to self-reported mental health conditions at follow-up in 2011, but not once socio-economic and area-level variables are controlled for.

ConclusionPreliminary modelling also highlights that relationship status – single, married or cohabiting – to be important over that of legal marital status as recorded at Census. For limiting long-term illness as a health outcome the findings are similar.
Feasibility of evaluating COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness and variant severity through a routine health information exchange.
Authors: Boulle Andrew , Heekes Alexa , Hussey Hannah , Kassanjee Reshna , Davies Mary-Ann
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo date South Africa has experienced four distinct COVID-19 waves due to ancestral, Beta, Delta and Omnicron SARS-CoV-2 variants. We sought to answer pertinent public health questions in a timely manner as new COVID-19 variants emerge(d) using routine health service data linked through a service-facing health information exchange (HIE).

ApproachA population cohort was defined amongst regular health service users in the Western Cape Province of South Africa based on recent utilisation of public sector services as reflected in the Provincial Health Data Centre (PHDC) which functions as a HIE.  Infection, hospitalisation and mortality data were derived from routinely linked laboratory, service and national vital registration data sources.  Serology done on residual specimens of patients monitored for HIV and diabetes treatment progress were linked to the PHDC, as were vaccination data from the national vaccination information system.  A single linked and de-identified dataset was exported for analysis purposes.

ResultsBased on accessing services in the preceding 3 years, a cohort of 3.5 million adult patients could be enumerated and linked to co-morbidity and SARS-CoV-2 outcome data. Serology from 16,000 specimens spread across the three inter-wave periods, and vaccine data from amongst the 5 million vaccine doses given in the Province, could also be linked.  Variants could be identified by wave or by PCR assay target anomalies during cross-over periods. Publishable variant severity analyses were feasible from the sub-cohort of patients with diagnosed COVID-19, and variant-specific vaccine effectiveness was assessible amongst cases, in the population cohort, and in patients with HIV.  The impact of prior infection and marginal value of vaccination in those with prior infection was assessible within the serology sub-cohort.

ConclusionA single linked de-identified dataset derived from an operational HIE was able to quickly address critical public health questions related to COVID-19 variants in a privacy-preserving manner.
A large linked data platform to inform the COVID-19 response in British Columbia: The BC COVID-19 Cohort.
Authors: Wilton James , Abdulmenan Jalud , Chong Mei , Becerra Ana , Coss Michael , Taylor Marsha , Djurdjev Ognjenka , Rasali Drona , Sbihi Hind , Krajden Mel , Flatt Alexandra , Rizi Seyed Ali Mussavi , Janjua Naveed
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated access to large health system datasets to inform the public health response. To meet this need, the Provincial Health Services Authority and the British Columbia (BC) Ministry of Health collaborated to create a population-based platform that integrates COVID-19 datasets with sociodemographic and administrative health data.

ApproachA BC COVID Data Library proof-of-concept was created as a cloud-based, dynamic platform composed of de-identified datasets. The BC COVID-19 Cohort (BCC19C) represents a subset composed of people accessing COVID-19 health services (e.g., testing, vaccination) and linked health histories. Provincial COVID-19 datasets are updated daily and include COVID-19 lab tests, case surveillance, vaccinations and hospitalizations/deaths. These can be linked to administrative data holdings for the BC population, which are updated weekly/monthly and include vital statistics, medications, hospital admissions, medical visits, among others. A patient matching algorithm creates unique patient keys that allows the same individual to be linked across datasets.

ResultsThe BCC19C has been used provincially to 1) support ongoing surveillance, reporting, and modelling of COVID-19; 2) describe and characterize the epidemiology of COVID-19; and 3) inform acute care planning, public health interventions and health care services in BC. Ongoing and completed BCC19C analyses include assessment of vaccine safety, vaccine effectiveness, and characteristics associated with infection and severe outcomes; use of medical visit data for syndromic surveillance and monitoring of unintended outcomes of the pandemic (e.g., mental health visits); and characterization of long-COVID. Availability of linked administrative data holdings has been crucial for identifying non-COVID control groups, measuring sociodemographics and co-morbidities, and complementing COVID-19 datasets for more complete capture of health outcomes (e.g., deaths, hospitalizations).

ConclusionsThe large scope/breadth and timeliness of the linkable datasets integrated within the COVID Data Library and the BCC19C has supported the public health response in BC. Additional linkage to other data sources will further strengthen this data platform.
PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK PSIKOGRAFIS KONSUMEN, SIKAP TERHADAP VIDEO TUTORIAL MAKE-UP, DAN CITRA MERK PADA MINAT BELI
Authors: A Dela Fransiska , Dewi Ike Janita
Published: August 2022

This research aims to examine the influence of consumer psychographic characteristics (purchase experience, consumer innovativeness, vanity seeking, and variaty seeking behavior) on attitudes towards makeup tutorial videos, the influence of attitude towards on makeup tutorial videos on brand image and the influence of brand image on purchase interest. Data was collected through a survey on 300 female respondents in Yogyakarta Special Region and Central Java, aged 15-45 years old. Data were analyzed using linear regression analysis. The results showed that purchase experience, vanity seeking behavior, and variety seeking behavior positively effect attitudes towards makeup tutorials video, while consumer innovativenes does not affect attitude towards makeup tutorial video. Attitudes towards makeup tutorials video positively effect brand image and brand image positively effect purchase intention.
KARAKTERISTIK BUDAYA ORGANISASI, KEMAMPUAN ADAPTASI, DAN KINERJA USAHA MIKRO KECIL MENENGAH
Authors: Widodo Hyginus Suseno Triyanto , Triwanggono Aloysius
Published: August 2022

This research aimed to find strength of corporate culture characteristics, adapt culture, and performance of small and medium industries. This study involved 40 respondents of small and medium industries owner located in Melikan Klaten Jawa Tengah and Krebet Bantul Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. This research is conducted using a descriptive analysis and non-parametric correlation. The findings showed that 42,8 percent of small and medium industry owners were categorized in strong and very strong corporate culture, 47,5 percent possess a good adapt culture, and 50 percent of respondent admitted that they have higher performance . The other result showed significants correlation between corporate culture, adapt culture, and performances.
Wind Power Forecasting with Machine Learning: Single and combined methods
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Electrical Engineering, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de      Lisboa.  Portugal, Rosa J. , Pestana S. ,   Department of Mathematics, Electrical Engineering, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de      Lisboa.  Portugal and System Operator Division, REN - Rede Eléctrica Nacional, S.A. – Lisbon. Portugal, Leandro C. ,   Department of Mathematics, Electrical Engineering, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de      Lisboa.  Portugal, Geraldes C. ,   Department of Mathematics, Electrical Engineering, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de      Lisboa.  Portugal and CEAUL, Centro de Estatística e Aplicações, Universidade de Lisboa. Portugal, Esteves J. ,   R&D NESTER, Centro de Investigação em Energia REN - State Grid, S.A. – Lisbon.      Portugal, Carvalho D. ,   Department of Mathematics, Electrical Engineering, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de      Lisboa.  Portugal
Published: August 2022

In Portugal, wind power represents one of the largest renewable sources of energy in the national energy mix. The investment in wind power started several decades ago and is still on the roadmap of political and industrial players. One example is that by 2030 it is estimated that wind power is going to represent up to 35% of renewable energy production in Portugal. With the growth of the installed wind capacity, the development of methods to forecast the amount of energy generated becomes increasingly necessary. Historically, Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models were used. However, forecasting accuracy depends on many variables such as on-site conditions, surrounding terrain relief, local meteorology, etc. Thus, it becomes a challenge to obtain improved results using such methods. This article aims to report the development of a machine learning pipeline with the objective of improving the forecasting capability of the NWP’s to obtain an error lower than 10%.
A wavelet packet-dual fuzzy control method for hybrid energy storage to suppress wind power fluctuations
Authors: Lv. Huixiang  , Chen. Caixue  , Xiong. Zhigang
Published: August 2022

In order to smooth the wind power output, a wavelet packet-double fuzzy control forhybrid energy storage is proposed to smooth the wind power fluctuation. Firstly, the wavelet packet decomposition is used to decompose the wind power output to obtain the grid-connected power signal and the power signal allocated to the hybrid energy storage. Then, the double fuzzy control algorithm is used to optimise the hybrid energy storage SOC to maintain it within a reasonable range, and to make a secondary correction to the hybrid energy storage power allocation, taking into account the charge states of lithium batteries and super capacitors. The results of the analysis show that the proposed method can smooth out the wind power fluctuations while keeping the energy storage SOC within a reasonable range.
Preliminary Study of Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Technology for Energy Recovery from Domestic Wastewater
Authors: R. Rapisarda  , F. Nocera  , V. Costanzo  , G. Sciuto  , R. Caponetto
Published: August 2022

One of the main goals of building design is indoor comfort, regardless of its use (residential, educational, institutional, etc…). However, to achieve indoor comfort, buildings require a significant amount of energy. In the last decades, designers and researchers have been studying new strategies to improve buildings’ energy efficiency, with the purpose of mitigating the negative environmental impact caused by heavy energy consumption. Green roofs have been one of the most investigated solutions because of the many thermal benefits they can offer, and amongst these, hydroponic green roofs gained momentum. This study aims to analyse the rooftop temperature reduction provided during the hot months by a hydroponic green roof, compared to a traditional roof slab and an extensive green roof, in order to assess the different performances of these systems. In situ experiments were conducted to collect surface temperature of the roof slab during summer, with and without the hydroponic system, in order to assess the potential temperature reduction, which subsequently affects the heat flow through the roof and therefore the indoor air temperature. The results show a significant decrease in the external surface temperature of the roof compared to the bare roof, but also slightly better performance compared to the extensive green roof. Despite first promising results, the knowledge on hydroponic green roofs performance remains limited and some drawbacks need to be assessed. For these reasons, further in situ testing should be carried out, under different climatic conditions and experimental setups.
Catalytic Activity of Polymetallic and Hydrotalcite-like Catalysts in the Synthesis of Methanol by Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation
Authors: J. J. Pérez  , D. J. Escalante  , L. A. González  , J. A. Perez
Published: August 2022

Two Cu-Zn-Al catalysts prepared by the coprecipitation method, both differing in their type of structure, one as a mixed oxide (polymetallic catalyst) and the other as a hydrotalcite-like catalyst, were used for the synthesis of methanol by hydrogenation of CO2 in a fixed bed reactor system, operating under conditions of low pressure (6 bar) and temperature of 265°C. The effect of the composition of the catalyst on its catalytic activity under low pressure conditions was investigated. The main results show that the highest CO2 conversion is found with Cu-Zn Al polymetallic catalyst, however, the best selectivity to methanol is shown for Cu-Zn-Al hydrotalcite-like catalyst.
Operation and Control of a Quasi Z-source Converter in a Renewable Hybrid Microgrid
Authors: Paul N. Timo  , Tamer F. Megahed  , Masahito Shoyama  , Sobhy M. Abdelkader
Published: August 2022

The power sharing need and operational reliability of a renewable hybrid microgrid are addressed in this study. A hybrid microgrid allows for the flexible incorporation of renewable energy sources, overcoming the limitations of AC and DC microgrids in terms of conversion losses and efficiency. To ensure optimal system performance, an interlinking converter (IC) is necessary for the seamless transmission of electric power between the two subgrids while keeping a stable DC bus voltage and appropriate AC sub-grid frequency. In this study, a Quasi Z source converter (qZSC) with integrated boost capability is introduced as an IC in a PV-Wind based hybrid microgrid. Also, an adaptive dual loop based-PI (ADL-PI) control is proposed which maintains a constant peak DC-link voltage and supports maximum power point tracking while improving the system's overall stability. The proposed system and control approach are assessed using MATLAB/Simulink, and the results indicate its efficacy under various scenarios.
Impact Assessment of Different Battery Energy Storage Technologies in Distribution Grids with High Penetration of Renewable Energies
Authors: S. P. Surve  , R. Rocca  , E.J. Hengeveld  , D. Martínez  , M. P. Comech  , D. M. Rivas
Published: August 2022

The need forincreasing further thepenetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) is demandinga change in the waydistribution grids aremanaged. In particular, the RESs intermittent and stochastic nature isfinding in Battery Energy Storage (BES)systems its most immediate countermeasure. This workpresents a reality-based assessmentand comparison ofthe impact of three different BES technologies on distributiongrids withhigh RES penetration, namelyLi-ion, Zn-Air and Redox Flow.To this end, a benchmark distribution grid with realprosumers’ generationand load profiles is considered, with the RESpenetration purposely scaledupin such a way as to violatethegrid operational limits. Then, further to the BES(s)placementon the most affected grid location(s),the impact of the three BES types is assessed consideringtwo Use Cases: 1) Voltage & Congestion Management and 2) Peak Shaving & Energy shifting. Assessment is conductedbyevaluatinga set of technical Key Performance Indicators (KPIs),together with a simplifiedeconomic analysis.
Design of a segmented switched reluctance drive for a light electric vehicle
Authors: Pere Andrada
Published: August 2022

The light electric vehicle market requires better performance motors with less or even without permanent magnets. Switched reluctance motors (SRM) are among the best placed to meet this goal, despite they have lower power density, higher torque ripple, and are noisier than synchronous permanent magnet motors. Segmented stator switched reluctance motors (SSSRM) can reduce these drawbacks of conventional SRMs due to their modular construction and shorter flux paths. This paper presents a procedure for designing an SSSRM for a light electric vehicle. First, the output torque equation is derived from a simplified non linear energy conversion loop, and then guidelines for its design are given. Once the preliminary sizing of the SSSRM has been carried out, simulation using electromagnetic finite element analysis is performed. Then, the complete drive is simulated and validated using Matlab-Simulink and some results of the definitive finite element analysis (magnetization curves and static torque curves).
Modeling the dependency relationship between wind speed and wind power generation: An application of copula theory
Authors: Tuany Esthefany Barcellos de Carvalho Silva  , Reinaldo Castro Souza  , Fernando Luiz Cyrino  Oliveira  , Marco Aurélio Sanfins
Published: August 2022

The concern with global warming and pollution has increased interest in the development of renewable energy sources, which are less aggressive to the environment. Wind energy can provide adequate solutions to the above-mentioned problems. The use of this energy eliminates unwanted waste that is harmful to health and the environment from other energy sources such as coal and nuclear power plants. This work aims to analyse the dependence relationship between wind speed and wind energy production, a rather complex relationship, so this study seeks to understand the stochastic nature of both phenomena. As a methodological tool the copula theory was used. A copula function is used as a general method, which consists of formulating multivariate distributions so that different dependency structures can be represented. That is, the study is based on the analysis and modelling of the dependence between wind speed data and electrical energy generation, for an hourly database of a wind farm in the state of Bahia, collected in the entire year of 2017. Thus, this paper proposes a study aiming the search for the copula function referring to the data in the period mentioned.
Optimisation of an aggregator’s customer portfolio based on inter-user compatibility
Authors:   Institute of Energy Engineering. Polytechnic University of Valencia. Spain, Cano-Martínez J. , Peñalvo-López E. , León-Martínez V. , Valencia-Salazar I.
Published: August 2022

This paper aims to present a methodology for optimizing the customers’ portfolio of an aggregator by analysing the compatibility between prosumers (clients). The methodology evaluates two main components: energy and socioeconomic. With this, the intention is to maximise the economic benefits of the aggregator and to establish a personalised tariff according to the user profile. Since this figure was conceived, efforts have been mainly aimed at meeting only and exclusively the energy demand requirements without taking into consideration prosumers socio-economic profiles and the synergies among them. This paper, therefore, presents a methodology in which a compatibility index based on the energy and socioeconomic profile of each client is defined. In addition, the application of this methodology to a practical case is presented.
Methodology for designing an Energy Community and its application to the municipality of Vinalesa
Authors:   Institute of Energy Engineering. Polytechnic University of Valencia. Spain, Molina Cañamero L. , Peñalvo-López E. , León-Martínez V. , Montañana-Romeu J.
Published: August 2022

Energy communities represent a new energy management model for the use of local energy resources, in which different social actors participate in search of energy, environmental, social and economic benefits. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of concise guidelines in the literature dealing with the more technical aspects of energy communities. The aim of this article is presenting a methodology to support the design of new energy communities based on energetic, economic and environmental conditions in order to analyse their technical and economic viability. The methodology is supported by Homer Grid modelling software for simulating and optimising possible energy scenarios. This is better suited to energy communities connected to the grid, with renewable energy generation assets from local resources and with an equitable distribution of benefits for all members. The methodology has been applied to a case study in the village of Vinalesa, sizing the community's generation assets as well as the electricity tariff. Their implementation in the case study results in an installation of 870 kW of photovoltaic energy and capacity storage of 1.08 MWh in Lithium-Ion batteries that allows the residents of Vinalesa have additional savings of around 16.4% in their electricity bill.
Techno-economic Assessment of Hydrogen Production Using Solar Energy
Authors:   Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Coimbra. Portugal, Ferreira Mariana , Monteiro Pereira R.M. ,   Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Coimbra. Portugal and INESC Coimbra - Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores de Coimbra. Portugal, Pereira Adelino J. C. ,   Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Coimbra. Portugal and INESC Coimbra - Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores de Coimbra. Portugal
Published: August 2022

Concerns related to climate change, environmental pollution and security of energy supply have led several countries to reconsider their means of energy production and examine their dependence on other countries. Portugal was the first country in the world to assume the goal of being carbon neutral in 2050. Renewable energies will play a very significant role in our energy future. However, most renewable energy sources are intermittent by nature and the production from such sources can be difficult to forecast with great accuracy. From this perspective, hydrogen can assume a central role, being simultaneously presented as an efficient option to promote, and facilitate the energy transition and at the same time present several opportunities for economic, scientific, and technological development. In this paper, a study is presented that makes it possible to identify the main costs associated with the production of hydrogen, through the electrolysis process using solar energy as a source of electrical energy production. The study makes it possible to evaluate different scenarios, taking into account the uncertainties associated with the evolution of electricity prices, the evolution of costs associated with electrolysers and the electrolyser load factor. For each of the scenarios, the hydrogen production costs in €/kg H2 are identified, allowing the assessment of the attractiveness of the investments, and helping investors in their decision.
Optimal Operation of a Distributed Generation Microgrid based on the Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms
Authors:   Department of Electrical Engineering EINA, University of Zaragoza. Spain, Oviedo-Carranza S. , Artal-Sevil J.S. , Domínguez-Navarro J.A.
Published: August 2022

This document describes the application of multiobjective genetic algorithms as techniques and tools to optimize generation and distribution in small microgrids. In this way, genetic algorithms have been used for the allocation of distributed generation to reduce losses and improve the voltage profile. The IEEE14 network has been taken as a study and analysis model. This smart grid has 14 nodes and integrates several generation units, both conventional and renewable, transformers, and multiple loads. In this way, a multi-objective metaheuristic algorithm is proposed with the purpose of planning the power distribution grid based on a series of conditions such as the optimal generation configuration, the minimization of power losses in the lines, power transfer capacity, the reduction of CO2 emissions, and the optimization of the benefits obtained in renewable generation. The overall purpose is the development of an intelligent microgrid management system that is capable of determining the optimal configuration, by estimating demand, energy costs, and operating costs.
Thermodynamic modelling of the power cycle: Solar Thermal Generation in the canton of Arenillas-Ecuador
Authors:   Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Mamabí. Ecuador, Jaramillo V. , Cabeza O. ,   Universidade de La Coruña. Spain
Published: August 2022

Solar thermal energy is a type of non-conventional renewable energy (NCRE) that takes advantage of the sun's heat to heat a fluid called heat carrier, then in a heat exchanger it produces steam at high pressure and temperature that generates electricity in a conventional thermal process, this process being of crucial importance since the production of electrical energy on a large scale depends on its efficiency. The technology chosen here is that of parabolic cylinder thermosolar (PCT), that reflect solar radiation and concentrate it in a tube located in its focal line. Inside it is a thermal fluid heated up to almost 400 ºC. The objective of the present investigation was the thermodynamic modelling of the power cycle of PCT plant that works under a modified Rankin cycle. The research is quantitative in nature since it allowed us to assess how the different thermodynamic processes occur, and it is also non-experimental, descriptive, explanatory and propositional, establishing causal relationships based on secondary sources. The result was a real temperatureentropy diagram (T-S) in which the thermodynamic modelling of the power cycle is represented.
Simulation studies of concatenation as the simplest way of multi-phase inverter control
Authors:   Depаrtment of Ship Аutomаtion, Gdyniа Mаritime University, Gdyniа. Poland, Iwаszkiewicz Jаn , Muc Аdаm , Bieleckа Аgаtа
Published: August 2022

The paper presents simulation studies of potentially thinkable method of multi-phase inverter control. The method consists in concatenation of consecutive voltage space vectors. Useful mathematical tools, suitable to study the inverter control as well as selected results of simulation studies are also included.
مكانة المعاهدات الدولية في الدساتير الوطنية
Authors:   جامعة جيهان- كلية القانون والعلاقات الدولية- قسم القانون، كردستان، العراق, I. Abu-Alqasim Layla
Published: August 2022

تتمتع المعاهدات الدولية بقوق خاصة،لكونها مصدرا هاما ورئيسا من مصادر القانون الدولي العام، ولذلك تضمنت دساتير الدول مواد تبين صلاحيات التوقيع و التصديق على المعاهدات ، وتعتبر هذه المراحل من اهم الخطوات لدخول المعاهدات حيز النفاذ، وتترتب على الدول الالتزام بها. و قد منحت المعاهدة الدولية قوة قانونية أعلى من الدستور نفسه أو مساوية له. في حين أن بعض الدول ، قد منحت المعاهدة الدولية قيمة قانونية أعلى من التشريع العادي او مساوية له، من خلال تحديد العلاقة بين القانون الدولي والقانون الداخلي.بالاستناد على القوانين الدولية التي تبين علو القانون الدولي على القانون الوطني. ونبين هنا كيفية إدماج المعاهدات الدولية وخاصا الآمرة منها وتنظم احوالا عامة في الدستور ، وتأثيرها على السلطات العامة للدولة، وكيف يتسنى للقاضي تفسير المعاهدة اثناء وجود التعارض بين المعاهدة و القانون الوطني وخاصا الدستور.
Layanan Bimbingan dan Konseling bagi Anak Perantau di Sekolah Dasar Negeri di Purbalingga
Authors: Wijayaningsih Ambar , Wiyani Novan Ardy , Damayanti Tri
Published: August 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan model layanan bimbingan dan konseling yang diberikan guru kepada siswa di SD Negeri Tunjungmuli Purbalingga. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Subjek dalam penelitian ini meliputi kepala sekolah, guru kelas yang bertugas sekaligus menjadi guru bimbingan dan konseling, anak perantau, dan wali murid. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis dengan cara mereduksi data, menyajikan data, dan membuat kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa layanan bimbingan dan konseling bagi siswa yang orang tuanya perantau dilaksanakan melalui empat bimbingan yaitu bimbingan pribadi, sosial, belajar, dan karier. Layanan bimbingan konseling di kelas VI belum mencapai hasil maksimal, namun layanan bimbingan dan konseling di kelas II dilaksanakan dengan optimal. Layanan bimbingan dan konseling dilakukan dengan menyelenggarakan layanan bimbingan pribadi, sosial, belajar, dan karier. Hasil penelitian adalah layanan konseling bagi anak perantau lebih efektif dilakukan dengan menggunakan layanan bimbingan belajar. Masalah dalam pembelajaran merupakan masalah terbesar yang dihadapi anak perantau.
Back to Air in Disarray?: Disparity in Practices and Interpretations on ADIZs Disrupting the Safety of Civil Aviation
Authors: Lee Sanghoon
Published: August 2022

The interconnectivity of civil aviation has been long praised with the success of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in harmonizing navigation standards and procedures, along with the utilization of Flight Information Regions (FIRs). However, continuing geopolitical tensions with different implementations of Air Defense Identification Zones (ADIZs) have belittled the technical achievement. Among different State practices, some ADIZs have expanded beyond territorial airspace and even overlapped with other FIRs, requiring overflying air- craft to submit flight plans and abide by procedures separate or in addition to air traffic control obligations.

The purpose of this Article is to review the ongoing political tensions that are common in issues with ADIZs beyond territorial airspace and to explore different legal schemes put forth by States. While there is no prevailing rule of law that defines the scope and procedure of ADIZs, this Article further revisits the due regard principle under international law and State practices beyond territorial airspace. Due to its reciprocal characteristic, this principle does not solely advocate for the coastal State to arbitrarily put limitations on the freedom of flight beyond its territorial airspace. Rather, the established FIRs have already given considerable certainty and accountability to the overflown State, where the principle also directs both the overflying and overflown States to actively engage in communication and practices involving liaisons. This principle envisions regional confidence-building measures on aerial communication and the technical leadership of ICAO to support these States in reducing the relational gap and facilitating civil–military cooperation.
Solvent-ligand Interactions Govern Stabilizing Repulsions between Colloidal Metal Oxide Nanocrystals
Authors: Ofosu Charles Kofi , Truskett Thomas M. , Milliron Delia J.
Published: August 2022

Nanocrystal interactions in solvent influence colloidal stability and dictate self-assembly outcomes. Small-angle X-ray scattering is used to study how dilute oleate-capped In2O3 nanocrystals with 7–19 nm core diameters interact when dispersed in a series of nonpolar solvents. Osmotic second virial coefficient analysis finds toluene-dispersed NCs interact like hard spheres with diameters comprising the inorganic core and a ligand-solvent corona with a core-size independent thickness. Dynamic light scattering measurements show consistent hydrodynamic and thermodynamic size scaling, further indicating hard-sphere-like behavior. By choosing solvents with stronger ligand-solvent attractions, the effective ligand-solvent corona thickness can be increased by approximately one solvent molecular diameter (0.8 nm). These results highlight the role that solvent choice could play in designing nanocrystal contact spacing, important in the initial stages of superlattice assembly or for modulating the optical response of plasmonic or photoluminescent colloidal gel networks.
Accelerated discovery of multi-elemental reverse water-gas shift catalysts using extrapolative machine learning approach
Authors: Wang Gang , Mine Shinya , Chen Duotian , Jing Yuan , Ting Kah Wei , Yamaguchi Taichi , Takao Motoshi , Maeno Zen , Takigawa Ichigaku , Matsushita Koichi , Shimizu Ken-ichi , Toyao Takashi
Published: August 2022

Designing novel catalysts is key to solving many energy and environmental challenges. Despite the promise that data science approaches, including machine learning (ML), can accelerate the development of catalysts, truly novel catalysts have rarely been discovered by ML because of one of its most common limitations and criticisms—the assumed inability of the models to extrapolate and identify extraordinary materials beyond those present in the training data set. Herein, we demonstrate an extrapolative ML approach to develop new multi-elemental catalysts based on supported Pt as an active metal and TiO2 as a support for the low-temperature reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction. Using 45 catalysts as the initial data points and performing 44 cycles of the closed loop discovery system (ML prediction + experiment), we experimentally tested a total of 300 catalysts and identified more than 100 catalysts with superior activity as compared to the previously reported high-performance catalysts. The composition of the optimal catalyst discovered by this approach was Pt(3)/Rb(1)-Ba(1)-Mo(0.6)-Nb(0.2)/TiO2. Notably, Nb was not included in the original dataset, and the catalyst composition identified was unpredictable even by human experts.
Visible Light-induced regioselective bifunctionalization of α-olefin; Development of one-pot photo-synthesis of C3-substituted dihydrobenzofurans
Authors: Maejima Saki , Yamaguchi Eiji , Itoh Akichika
Published: August 2022

A method for the catalytic regioselective synthesis of C3-substituted dihydrobenzofurans (DHBs) via [2+2] photocycloaddition of alkene and p-benzoquinone is developed. This method realizes the rapid synthesis of DHBs with readily available substrates and simple reaction conditions by using Lewis acid B(C6F5)3 and Lewis base P(o-tol)3 as a catalyst in combination with the classical Paternò–Büchi reaction. This reaction is of interest in terms of bifunctionalization by formal [2+3] cycloaddition of olefins and applies to a wide range of a-olefins.