bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El sistema de salud: barreras para los usuarios con insuficiencia renal crónica
Authors: Ramírez-Perdomo Claudia Andrea , Perdomo-Romero Alix Yaneth , Rodriguez-Vélez María Elena
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: comprender la experiencia vivida por un grupo de personas con insuficiencia renal crónica que recibieron un trasplante de órgano frente a los servicios de salud y lossignificados del cuidado de la salud realizados por enfermeras y familiares.Materiales y métodos: estudio cualitativo con enfoque fenomenológico-hermenéutico. La muestra se compone de 11 personas con insuficiencia renal crónica trasplantadas, cincocuidadores y cinco enfermeras. Entrevistas recolectadas y grabadas entre diciembre de 2015 y enero de 2017. Para el análisis se empleó el método propuesto por Van Manen.Resultados: uno de los temas que emerge es la experiencia de encontrarse y vivir con insuficiencia renal crónica, del cual se extrae el subtema relacionado con la vivencia en elsistema de salud por parte de las personas enfermas, sus cuidadores y los profesionales de enfermería.Conclusiones: la insuficiencia renal crónica asume un significado complejo y multidimensional para la persona con la enfermedad, sus cuidadores familiares y las enfermeras que asumen el cuidado de este grupo de personas, que los lleva a experimentar el sistema de salud con un efecto adverso que deshumaniza el cuidado de las personas.
Pengendali PID untuk Pengaturan Kecepatan Gerak Robot Omnidireksional Tiga Roda
Authors: Sucipto Putra Wisnu Agung , Firasanti Annisa
Published: May 2020

Gerak robot omnidireksional dibangkitkan dengan cara mengatur kecepatan putaran pada tiga roda omnidireksional yang terpasang pada poros penggerak agar mampu bergerak ke segala arah tanpa perlu reorientasi. Pengaturan kecepatan ini membutuhkan metode dan strategi pengendalian yang tepat. Ketepatan ini berhubungan erat dengan kemampuan robot untuk tetap kokoh ketika berhadapan dengan gangguan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sebuah pengendali gerak robot omnidireksional menggunakan pengendali PID. Data hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa manuver gerak robot ini dipengaruhi oleh pengaturan arah dan besar nilai kecepatan ketiga motor penggerak yang terpasang pada robot. Berdasarkan set point sebesar 100 rpm dengan perintah arah gerak maju, catatan kriteria tanggapan peralihannya adalah waktu naik pada detik ke 2.8, waktu puncak pada detik ke 4 dan waktu keadaan mantap detik ke 4. Kesalahan keadaan mantap cenderung mendekati nol, dengan nilai sebesar 0.71 rpm, tanpa adanya lewatan dan variasi puncak-puncak tanggapan. Tanggapan ini diperoleh dengan pengaturan parameter konstanta pengendali PID untuk motor kiri dan kanan masing-masing adalah [0.000999747; -0.00002725;-50] dan [-0.000554; -0.00585;0].
‘Please abuse me’
Authors: Li Kunming , Blommaert Jan
Published: May 2020

In the light of Huizinga’s conceptualisation of play and Bakhtinian carnival theory, this article exemplifies the ludic-carnivalesque qualities of female masochism on China’s social media. Arguably, the joint venture of play and carnival frameworks allows a de-pathological account of female masochism under the male gaze and a reclaiming of the feminist agenda through the critical reading of abusive texts in the pan-entertaining digital era. Thus, the study fills a gap regarding non-sexual female masochistic pleasure in the literature of feminist studies. The article has found billingsgate language, or the language of marketplace, a fertile ground to investigate patriarchy and objectification. It contends that billingsgate language, which hails a ludic-carnivalesque exposure of present patriarchal biases against women and imbalanced gender power relations, is pregnant with a power of deconstruction that overturns present social orders in favour of gender equalities.
Projecting masculinities or breaking sociolinguistic norms? The role of women’s representation in students’ profane language use
Authors: Diabah Grace
Published: May 2020

This paper explores how students from University of Ghana’s Commonwealth Hall (the only all-male hall of residence) project diverse masculine identities through how they represent women in their use of profanity and other uncouth linguistic forms. Data were collected from recorded profane songs, observations from various case studies of the use of insults and profane expressions and interviews with users of these expressions. The data generally present a picture of sexual and verbal abuse as ‘ideal’ ways of showing male dominance and power over women. These abuses are valued by the students, even though they are not expected practices in Ghanaian society. The paper concludes that although some students claim they use this language ‘just for fun’, disguising it as harmless only makes it easy to explore obsessions without a sense of guilt. If not properly checked, such obsessions may find expression in how women are treated.
La fuerza del derecho: sanciones, coerción y coacción
Authors: Pulido-Ortiz Fabio-Enrique
Published: May 2020

Este articulo se propone analizar las nociones de sancion, coercion y coaccion, identificando sus conexiones y diferencias conceptuales. El autor defiende tres tesis: en primer lugar, se afirma que las sanciones juridicas son las consecuencias contingentes definidas por las reglas juridicas para motivar a los individuos a actuar de conformidad con los deberes legales. Segundo, se argumenta que la coercion corresponde a las razones para la accion que son generados en los individuos por la probabilidad de la aplicacion de las consecuencias (negativas o positivas) definidas en las sanciones. Por ultimo, se distinguen tres nociones asociadas a la coaccion: 1) la coaccion como aplicacion de sanciones (senalando que no toda sancion implica necesariamente uso de la fuerza); 2) la coaccion como ejecucion institucional de derechos y deberes (subrayando que este tipo de coaccion no es lo mismo que aplicar sanciones) y 3) la coaccion como uso de la fuerza (resaltando que este sentido de coaccion es conceptualmente independiente de la aplicacion de sanciones y de la ejecucion institucional de derechos y deberes).
Expression analysis of apoptotic and survival genes in blood leukocytes of children with various forms of HHV-6 infection
Authors: Sakharnov N. A. , Utkin O. V. , Filatova E. N. , Knyazev D. I. , Kulova E. A. , Presnyakova N. B.
Published: May 2020

Despite that human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6) is extremely spread worldwide, molecular mechanisms of behind HHV-6 infection pathogenesis remain largely unexplored. No molecular markers were found linked to unfavorable course of HHV-6 infection which could allow to ease up selecting proper therapy and preventing development of complications. The aim of the study was to analyze expression of apoptosis and survival-related genes in blood leukocytes from 7–17-year-old children upon various forms of HHV-6 infection. The analysis was carried out by using DNA microarrays developed by us allowing to assess changes in expression level both of individual mRNAs and total gene set (-Σ). It was shown that during the acute phase of HHV-6 infection mRNA level was shifted toward pro-apoptotic factors. In the convalescence phase, most altered mRNA levels returned to normal. We have identified a set of mRNAs and genes whose expression level was significantly changed in acute disease phase. According to available data, these factors play an important role in regulation of studied signaling pathways. In order to search for HHV-6-associated factors, which markedly affect disease pattern of severe herpesvirus mixed infection, we analyzed significant changes of mRNA and genes expression levels in patients with severe HHV-6+EBV+CMV mixed infection and EBV+CMV mixed infection of moderate severity compared with healthy donors. The levels of 5 mRNAs (FAF1-NM_007051, DAPK2-NM_014326, CASP8AP2-NM_001137667, CASP8-NM_033356, BTK-NM_001287345) and 3 genes (FAS-Σ, Puma/BBC3-Σ, ITCH-Σ) were significantly increased in severe mixed infection comorbid with HHV-6 (EBV+CMV+HHV-6) but without HHV-6 (EBV+CMV) compared with healthy donors. Most of detected factors belong to Fas-mediated apoptosis pathway, and may be considered as candidate prognostic development factors of severe herpes virus infection involving HHV-6. This study profoundly extends existing understanding on molecular pathogenesis of HHV-6 infection involving apoptosis and pro-survival signaling pathways. Marked changes of mRNA and gene levels most likely contributed to the pathogenesis of HHV-6 as well as severe HHV-6+EBV+CMV mixed infection.
Epstein–Barr virus LMP1 oncogene polymorphism in tatar and slavic populations in Russian Federation impacting on some malignant tumours
Authors: Gurtsevitch V. E. , Smirnova K. V. , Botezatu I. V. , Dushenkina T. E. , Lubenskaya A. K. , Dubar E. , Senyuta N. B. , Lichtenstein A. V. , Petrov S. V.
Published: May 2020

Objective: To compare genetic structure of the main Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) oncogene, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), in EBV strains circulating in two genetically distinct ethnic populations in Russian Federation, Tatars and Slavs, as well as assess an impact of diverse LMP1 variants on incidence and mortality rate for some malignant tumors partially associated with EBV infection. Materials and methods. Oral washing samples were collected from 60 ethnic Kazan Tatars and 65 ethnic Moscow Slavics. Carboxy-terminal nucleotide sequences (41 and 40 sequences, respectively) derived from hypervariable LMP1 gene region were amplified from EBV DNA samples. Next, final nucleotide sequences were translated into amino acid sequences and analyzed according to classification by Edwards et al. Results. Analysis of 41 and 40 LMP1 samples obtained from ethnic Kasan Tatars and ethnic Moscow Slavics, respectively, revealed significant difference in relevant amino acid structures. In particular, all LMP1 samples derived from Moscow Slavics were found to belong to the four protein variants: B95.8/A, Med–, China1 and NC. Among them, low-transforming variant B95.8/A was dominant (82.5%). In contrast, solely 21 out of 41 LMP1 samples derived from ethnic Tatars were classified as B95.8/A, Med– and China1 variants. Importantly, the percentage of low-transforming B95.8/A variant among ethnic Tatar samples was significantly lower compared to that one found in Moscow Slavics (29.3% vs. 82.5%). On the other hand, seven (17.1%) out of 20 other samples formed a unique protein mono group characterized by LMP1 amino acid sequence differed from that one available in the GenBank database. Such group of variants was designated as LMP1-TatK. The remaining 13 samples (31.7%) did not match either protein variants, thereby forming the “beyond classification” (LMP1-TatBC) group. Conclusion. The data obtained suggest that various LMP1 variants exist in EBV strains persisting in ethnic Tatrs and ethnic Slavics examined in Russian Federation. It was also found that EBV strains isolated from ethnic Tatars contained a unique LMP1 gene variant encoding protein LMP1-TatK lacked in EBV strains derived from ethnic Moscow Slavics. Taking into account the genealogy of Tatars, it cannot be ruled out that EBV strain bearing LMP1-TatK variant represented ethnically specific EBV strain that might circulate many centuries ago among their historical human predecessors called Mongol-Tatar tribes. In addition, it was shown that the LMP1 variants in EBV strains isolated from ethnic Kazan Tatars and ethnic Moscow Slavics did not affect the incidence and mortality of different forms of cancer consisting of EBV-associated cases.
RISK ASSESSMENT OF THERMAL DAMAGE TO PEOPLE AT INDUSTRIAL SITES IN CASE OF EMERGENCY BURNING SOLID PROPELLANT
Authors: Biliaiev M. M. , Berlov O. V. , Kozachyna V. A. , Kalashnikov I. V. , Shevchenko O. V.
Published: May 2020

Purpose. This work involves the development of a numerical model for the calculation of areas of thermal damage to people in the event of solid propellant burning at the industrial site. Methodology. An equation expressing the law of energy conservation was used to solve the problem of determining the areas of thermal shock of people at the industrial site. A potential flow model was used to calculate the airflow velocity field in the presence of buildings at the industrial site where an emergency occurs. The numerical solution of the two-dimensional equation for the velocity potential is derived using the Liebmann method. This numerical model takes into account the uneven velocity field of the wind flow that is formed near industrial buildings. An implicit difference splitting scheme was used to numerically solve the energy equation. The physical splitting of a two-dimensional energy equation into a system of one-dimensional equations describing the temperature transfer in one coordinate direction has been carried out previously. At each splitting step, the unknown temperature value is determined by an explicit point-to-point computation scheme. Based on the numerical model built, the code using the FORTRAN algorithm language is created. Findings. Based on the developed numerical model, a computational experiment was conducted to evaluate the risk of thermal damage to people at the industrial site where solid propellants are produced. The dangerous areas for personnel are identified. Originality. An efficient numerical model has been developed to calculate the zones of thermal pollution in case of solid propellant burning. Practical value. Based on the developed mathematical model, a computer program was created, which allows performing serial calculations for determining the zones of thermal damage during emergencies at the chemically hazardous objects. The mathematical model developed can be used to design an emergency response plan for chemically hazardous objects.
O papel da auditoria interna na promoção da accountability nas Instituições de Ensino Superior
Authors: Fonseca Anabela dos Reis , Jorge Susana , Nascimento Caio
Published: May 2020

Abstract This paper discusses the link between accountability and internal auditing, particularly analyzing the extent to which the latter contributes to improve the former, in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). This study applied a questionnaire to the management boards of a sample of HEIs, to empirical analyze the relationship between internal auditing and accountability. The main focus was on internal auditing carried out by the offices or departments in those institutions. The paper contributes to understand how management boards perceive internal auditing to foster transparency and accountability in HEIs, allowing to corroborate that auditing, and particularly internal auditing, favors the institutions’ accountability. In effect, it promotes the principles underlying accountability practices. The information provided in the scope of internal audits is acknowledged as contributing to improve management effectiveness and helping in decision-making. HEIs wanting to create an internal auditing office or to enhance the role of an existing one, should develop this office’s activities so that it becomes an instrument to support accountability and good governance of the organization. The sample consisted of Portuguese public HEIs, universities and polytechnics. Despite a certain international convergence regarding this type of public sector organizations, and regarding their purposes and governance, certain contextual specificities might limit the generalization of the findings for other jurisdictions.
Insulados e não democráticos: a (im)possibilidade do exercício da social accountability nos Tribunais de Contas brasileiros
Authors: Rocha Diones Gomes da , Zuccolotto Robson , Teixeira Marco Antonio Carvalho
Published: May 2020

Resumo Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a permeabilidade dos Tribunais de Contas (TCs) brasileiros à sociedade, por meio de 3 perspectivas: a) transparência dos portais; b) transparência da atividade de fiscalização; e c) participação cidadã. Para tanto, foi estruturado um roteiro de observações, a partir de recomendações de organismos internacionais, e foram coletadas informações dos 32 TCss existentes no Brasil. Em seguida, foram elaborados mapas perceptuais para cada uma das perspectivas analisadas, por meio da técnica de escalonamento multidimensional. As evidências sugerem que os TCs não são transparentes, o que limita a social accountability, e são muito resistentes à participação social, limitando-se a disponibilizar os mecanismos de ouvidoria, portal da transparência e serviço de atendimento ao cidadão. Essas práticas evidenciam que os TCs são, ainda, muito insulados, burocratizados e, apesar de terem um relevante papel no contexto republicano, pouco democráticos. Identificou-se, entretanto, forte influência da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal (LRF) e da Lei de Acesso à Informação (LAI) sobre os TCs. Isso pode significar futuras mudanças, ainda que incrementais, na direção da atuação dos TCs como fortes aliados para o aprimoramento da accountability vertical.
LÍNGUA EM VIAGEM NA TRADUÇÃO DO DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL PARA EMPRESÁRIOS DO BRASIL E DE PORTUGAL: O CASO DO WBCSD
Authors: Malacarne Robson , Brunstein Janette
Published: May 2020

RESUMO O propósito deste artigo é estudar a língua em viagem na tradução do desenvolvimento sustentável para empresários do Brasil e de Portugal. O World Business Concil for Sustainable (WBCSD), entidade foco deste estudo, atua no percurso de significação com a publicação de guias que visam orientar o discurso de gestão sustentável no ambiente corporativo. Na pesquisa analisou-se a disputa de poder que ocorre na definição do conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável (DS) e se propôs a metáfora think tanke como modo de traduzir a relação dos empresários com a questão socioambiental. A análise dos discursos, a luz da desconstrução de Derrida, permitiu estudar as estruturas políticas e institucionais que facilitam e dificultam a acolhida da discussão de desenvolvimento sustentável. Essas estruturas foram desenvolvidas na “história do pensamento ocidental”, seja por meio de “textos filosóficos”, ou em “formas e instituições tais como o governo, a universidade, a identidade nacional, o conceito de dom ou a ideia de enlutamento” (WOLFREYS, 2009, p. 51). Há o luto da presença, o luto da razão, o luto do sujeito e o luto de qualquer instância soberana (DERRIDA, 2013, p. 105). Verificou-se que a metáfora da Empresa Sustentável, desenvolvida neste processo de tradução, é insuficiente para acolher as diversas interpretações já que o intuito é assimilar e integrar. Na metáfora think tanke, por sua vez, reconhece-se a língua em viagem que demonstra as contradições e ambiguidades do discurso do WBCSD e acolhe as diversas traduções sobre DS. Assume-se um pensamento de alteridade que se traduz na desconstrução da relação entre hóspede (questão socioambiental) e hospedeiro (empresa). O hospedeiro torna-se refém das imprevisibilidades do hóspede (alterações climáticas, disponibilidade de água, biodiversidade etc), já que o “hospedeiro torna-se hóspede do hóspede” (DERRIDA, 2003, p. 109).
TEXTOS QUE VUELAN: PRODUCCIÓN Y TRAYECTORIAS DE REPORTES ESCRITOS SOBRE LA MIGRACIÓN DE LA MARIPOSA MONARCA
Authors: Méndez-Arreola Roberto , Kalman Judith
Published: May 2020

RESUMEN Los registros y reportes escritos de participantes en programas de ciencia ciudadana han sido valorados a partir de criterios de confiabilidad y validez científica que a menudo invalidan la naturaleza contextual de su escritura. Desde una perspectiva etnográfica basada en los Nuevos Estudios de Cultura Escrita analizamos los procesos de producción y las trayectorias textuales de reportes de dos ciudadanos en un programa de ciencia ciudadana que monitorea la migración de la mariposa monarca en México poniendo atención a la forma como los participantes elaboran sus textos, los recursos materiales y lingüísticos a los que tienen acceso, la manera como están construidos sus escritos, así como la concepción de los autores sobre su elaboración. Reconstruimos la trayectoria de cada texto siguiendo los escritos desde su producción, las actividades sociales que los autores realizan con estos materiales, la forma como se movilizan y modifican de un contexto a otro, los actores involucrados en estos procesos y los significados alrededor de su producción y trayectoria. A través de tres categorías (textos ideales, textos puente y textos globales) mostramos que en su producción y trayectoria textual está muy presente un Discurso normativo (Gee, 2007) sobre lo que es la investigación y el conocimiento científico, y que en consecuncia impacta en la forma de escribir sobre la migración de la mariposa monarca.
“EL JOVEN RESPONSABLE DE SU CASTIGO. SU TRÁNSITO EN EL ESTADO PENAL”. ANALISIS DEL DISCURSO PROFESIONAL COMO PARTE DEL DISPOSITIVO PENAL JUVENIL
Authors: Aniceto Paulo Damián
Published: May 2020

RESUMEN En este trabajo, analizamos los enunciados de profesionales que intervienen en la administración del castigo penal juvenil en la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina, desde 2011. Desde presupuestos de la sociolingüística y la semiótica jurídica landowskiana, reconocemos los informes psicológicos producidos en el contexto de una prisión juvenil como expresiones del discurso experto que interpelan un joven responsable de su castigo. La conclusión que desprendemos establece un posicionamiento reflexivo en relación con las propiedades comunes a los discursos de la responsabilización. Su aparición regular en el campo judicial instituye y repone, recursivamente, una norma sobre el joven reprochable y reasegura para el yo-enunciador experto un doble estatus: pericial y jurídico.
FIREWORKS, FLAGS AND SIGNS: VOICES FROM THE STREETS OF POST-BREXIT BRITAIN
Authors: Roberts Sara
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT In this article, Sara Roberts, a former BBC researcher and journalist - currently teacher and writer, offers her personal impressions of the recent rise of populism in Britain, based on her experiences in Oxford, where she lives. This essay offers empirical evidence that Brexit has had a profoundly divisive effect on British society from the micro to the macro level, and threatens the very union of nations that makes up the United Kingdom. The campaign for the UK to leave the EU (‘Brexit’) in the 2016 referendum exploited xenophobic and racist sentiment, thereby creating linguistic and symbolic violence which has managed to pervade popular discourse and consciousness, and which may foreshadow an increase in actual violence. It is suggested here that violence and fear lie at the heart of populism and that all populist movements rely on them, as well as ignorance, to first gain and then maintain support. Acting against the global trend towards populism, the current younger generation; education; civil society and Art are offered as avenues of hope for the future.
THE PRAGMATICS OF CHAOS: PARSING BOLSONARO’S UNDEMOCRATIC LANGUAGE
Authors: Silva Daniel N.
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT This paper unpacks different layers of Jair Bolsonaro’s pragmatics of chaos - the name I give to a reflexive, ordered and laminated method of producing a permanent sentiment of agitation, murk, and discontent in political audiences while a conservative and free market agenda is radicalized in Brazil. The communicative layers are: history, exemplified by Bolsonaro’s early career in the military: from his union-like activity, to his imprisonment and to evidences of a terrorist plot; persona, indexed by the jocular, non-serious performances that made him famous as a federal representative and that have been mediatized in his executive action as president; text and talk, characterized by a general texture of incendiary framing, smoke screens, backtracking, and avoidance of debate; audiences, seen from the perspective of the digital, pedagogic and performative populism that accrued from his campaign, almost entirely designed for being engendered on the non-public space of WhatsApp groups and in public, algorithmic social media platforms.
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY FOLLOWING SURGERY FOR HIP FRACTURE
Authors: MCKEAG PHILIP , SPENCE ANDREW , HANRATTY BRIAN
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: An observational study was carried out to determine the rate of acute kidney injury (AKI) following surgery for hip fracture at our institution and to look for factors associated with AKI. Methods: Preoperative creatinine values were compared to post-operative results for all patients who underwent surgery for hip fracture at our institution between 1st January 2015 and 30th September 2016. AKI was defined as an increase in postoperative creatinine, greater than or equal to 1.5 times the preoperative value within 7 days. Chi-squared test and Student’s t-test were used to look for factors associated with AKI. Results: Out of 500 patients, 96 developed an AKI (19.2%). Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) were more likely to develop AKI (30.8%) that those without it (17.2%, p = 0.018). Similarly, patients with 2 or more comorbidities were more likely to develop AKI (22.0%) than those without it (12.4%, p = 0.009). No statistically significant association was observed between type of surgery and AKI. Conclusion: A large proportion of patients following surgery for hip fracture developed AKI. Patients with CKD and the presence of 2 or more comorbidities had significantly higher rates of AKI. Level III evidence, Retrospective comparative study.
PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME TREATED AT A REFERRAL SERVICE
Authors: PAIVA FILHO HENVER RIBEIRO DE , PAIVA VALDÊNIA DAS GRAÇAS NASCIMENTO , OLIVEIRA ELIAS FELIX DE , ROCHA MURILO ANTÔNIO
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of people diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) treated at a hand surgery outpatient clinic of a regional referral service. Methods: Interview and specific medical examination of 150 people diagnosed with CTS underwent, and statistical analysis of the results obtained. Results: Women smokers, in the fifth decade of life, married, overweight and educated until the elementary level prevailed in our study. Arterial hypertension and diabetes were the most reported comorbidities, and Durkan’s test was the most prevalent. Conclusion: CTS is prevalent in women in their fifth decade of life, with bilateral involvement and high school. The hypertension and diabetes are the most common diseases in people with CTS. Level of evidence IV, Case series.
RELATIONSHIP OF FORCE PLATFORM WITH THE CLINICAL BALANCE EVALUATION SYSTEMS TEST IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: ERNANDES RITA DE CÁSSIA , BRECH GUILHERME CARLOS , LUNA NATÁLIA MARIANA SILVA , NUNES MICHELE FIGUEIRA , GREVE JULIA MARIA D’ANDRÉA , LEME LUIZ EUGÊNIO GARCEZ , ALONSO ANGÉLICA CASTILHO
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT The aging process can alter the organization of postural control causing instability; literature shows several equipment and clinical tests whose purpose is to measure postural balance, involving different protocols and methodologies. Objective: To evaluate postural balance during the task to walk over the force platform (turn and return) and its relationship with clinic balance test (BESTest) in older adults. Methods: 60 older people of both sexes, aged 60 to 79 years, were tested in the force platform (NeuroCom Balance) and BESTest to evaluate postural balance. Results: negative correlations were found when comparing domains of the clinical test with stabilometric parameters in time and velocity variables of the tests Step/Quick turn. The highest correlations were in the total score (time spent to perform the task − 0.41, and in the velocity left side − 0.33/right side − 0.43), as well as in the stability limit (time spent to perform the task left side − 0.34/right side − 0.37, and the equilibrium velocity left side − 0.37/right side − 0.43). Conclusion: There are slim correlations between the clinical test and force platform variables, showing that each test measures different parameters. Level of evidence II, Diagnostic study - investigating a diagnostic test.
Osmotic treatment, growth regulator and rooter in Tabebuia roseoalba (RIDL.) Sandwith seeds for direct sowing
Authors: Silva Alexandre Carneiro da , Silva Maiara Pilar Palmeira da , Zamith Rayssa , Galetti Gustavo , Piña-Rodrigues Fatima Conceição Márquez
Published: May 2020

Abstract: Direct seeding is a technology that reduces the costs of forest restoration projects and favors species which are difficult to establish for seedlings. The seeds osmotic treatment to accelerate and standardize germination and induce tolerance to environmental stresses may favor seedling establishment in field through direct sowing and contribute to the greater efficiency of this technique. With the purpose of favor seed germination and seedling establishment under direct seeding conditions in the field, Tabebuia roseoalba osmoprimed seeds in polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution and unconditioned seeds were treated with isolated and/or combined solutions of plant growth regulators (PGR) and rooting (RTG). These seeds were submitted to germination test and evaluated for percentage germination rate, germination speed index and normal seedlings, and to seedling emergence test by direct field seeding. RTG had a toxic effect on T. roseoalba seeds. Osmoconditioning induced stress tolerance by RTG during germination and on seedling establishment. PGR treatment favors seedling emergence in field conditions and alleviates the toxicity effect caused by RTG. These treatments have great potential for use in direct sowing of T. roseoalba seeds.
Morphoanatomic and histochemical aspects of Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortés seed
Authors: Lima Suelen Cristina de Sousa , Genovese-Marcomini Poliana Roversi , Quisen Regina Caetano , Mendonça Maria Silvia de
Published: May 2020

Abstract: Elaeis oleifera is an oleaginous palm tree native to America. The fruit contains unsaturated fatty acid extracted from the mesocarp. The species is mainly used in breeding programs of E. guineensis in development of interspecific hybrids with higher oil yield and resistance to lethal yellowing. E. oleifera is propagated by seed, which requires the adoption of methods for breaking dormancy and increasing the germination rate. However, there are no studies on the morphology and anatomy of the seed and its ergastic substances; knowing its structure makes it possible to improve planting methods and make them more effective. The aim of the present study was to describe the morpho-anatomy and histochemistry of the seed, characterizing it and contributing information that assists in understanding dormancy. In seeds collected in the experimental area of Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental (Amazonas), morpho-anatomical and histochemical analysis was conducted to detect metabolites (starch, protein, lipids, carbohydrates, and phenolic compounds). The seeds vary in shape, oblong and ovate. The embryo has an oblique embryonic axis, composed of root apical meristem and shoot apical meristem with three leaf primordia. Phenolic compounds were found throughout the seed coat; there are lipids, protein, and pectin in the embryo and endosperm.
Disfagia orofaríngea e a frequência de exacerbações em pacientes com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica com fenótipo exacerbador
Authors: Fávero Samara Regina , Teixeira Paulo José Zimermann , Cardoso Maria Cristina de Almeida Freitas
Published: May 2020

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar se existe associação entre a presença de disfagia orofaríngea e a frequência de exacerbações em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC). Métodos Estudo transversal, para o qual foram recrutados pacientes com DPOC (Volume expiratório forçado no 1º segundo [VEF1]/Capacidade vital forçada [CVF] <0,7 após uso de broncodilatador), sem exacerbação dos sintomas nas últimas seis semanas, que realizavam acompanhamento ambulatorial e responderam ao questionário de autoavaliação para risco de disfagia. Além disso, foram submetidos à avaliação clínica e videofluoroscópica da deglutição. Resultados Vinte e sete pacientes com diagnóstico de DPOC responderam ao questionário de autoavaliação e realizaram a avaliação clínica da deglutição. Dezoito (66,7%) foram submetidos à avaliação instrumental por meio do exame de videofluoroscopia. A média de idade dos pacientes avaliados foi de 62,7 anos, sendo a maioria mulheres (63%), e mais da metade dos pacientes (70,4%) possuía fenótipo exacerbador. Observou-se associação significativa (p=0,039) entre os pacientes com diagnóstico de disfagia e o número de exacerbações no último ano. Conclusão A presença da disfagia orofaríngea deve ser considerada nos pacientes portadores de DPOC que apresentam o fenótipo exacerbador.
Análise das habilidades pragmáticas de crianças nascidas pré-termo
Authors: Souza Ana Carla Filgueira de Souza e , Casais-e-Silva Luciana Lyra , Sena Eduardo Pondé de
Published: May 2020

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar as habilidades pragmáticas de crianças nascidas pré-termo e investigar se existe correlação com a idade gestacional, o gênero e a faixa etária. Métodos Foram avaliadas 42 crianças nascidas pré-termo, com baixo peso ao nascer, de ambos os gêneros, na faixa etária de 2 a 4 anos. A análise do perfil comunicativo foi realizada por meio do Protocolo de Pragmática do ABFW – Teste de Linguagem Infantil nas Áreas de Fonologia, Vocabulário, Fluência e Pragmática. Resultados Quanto à iniciativa na comunicação, houve melhor desempenho das crianças pré-termo moderadas e tardias. Em relação aos atos comunicativos, as crianças não alcançaram os valores de referência propostos pelo teste. Os meios verbais foram mais utilizados, apesar de haver grande ocorrência dos meios gestuais. As funções comunicativas mais observadas foram comentário, narrativa, jogo e pedido de objeto. Conclusão As crianças pré-termo apresentaram desvios nas habilidades pragmáticas, na faixa etária investigada. As variáveis linguísticas descritas neste estudo não apresentaram correlação com idade e gênero.
Impacto da migração venezuelana na rotina de um hospital de referência em Roraima, Brasil
Authors: Arruda-Barbosa Loeste de , Sales Alberone Ferreira Gondim , Torres Milena Ellen Mineiro
Published: May 2020

A migração venezuelana é uma problemática da atualidade que se intensificou em Roraima, acarretando demandas nos serviços públicos de saúde. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o impacto da migração na assistência em um hospital de referência de Roraima. Consiste em um trabalho qualitativo que utilizou vinte entrevistas semiestruturadas com os profissionais do hospital. Percebe-se que não houve o incremento de quantitativo profissional e do aporte de insumos; planejamento prévio; ou melhorias na infraestrutura para se adequar à nova realidade. Muitos imigrantes vivem em situação de vulnerabilidade social e as diferenças culturais e comportamentais são elementos que dificultam a assistência em saúde. A imigração impacta negativamente na assistência, contudo, apenas potencializando os problemas crônicos já existentes desse hospital.
¿QUÉ SE PUEDE HACER ANTE EL AUMENTO DE LA DEMANDA DE VENTILACIÓN MECÁNICA POR COVID-19?
Authors: Ramirez David , Salamanca Ximena Larrotta , Fernández Maria Andrea Parra
Published: May 2020

La enfermedad por el nuevo coronavirus del 2019, enfermedad producida por el virus SARS-Cov2 puede cursar con distintos niveles de gravedad e incluso los infectados pueden requerir soporte ventilatorio en unidades de cuidados intensivos. Esto implica un aumento de la carga a los sistemas de salud que podría superar su capacidad. Al ser esta una posibilidad previsible se describen a continuación posibles alternativas para aumentar los recursos humanos y materiales en situaciones de emergencia sanitaria.
A Morphometric Approach in South American Stipoids with Plumose and Pappus-like Awns
Authors: Sclovich Sergio E. , Sassone Agostina B. , Sede Silvana M. , Giussani Liliana M.
Published: May 2020

Abstract—Within grasses, the tribe Stipeae is highly specialized by the presence of only one fruit per spikelet and characterized by the diversity in the ornamentation of the floret. Our aim was to analyze similarities and differences based on multi- and univariate
analyses among closely related species in American Stipeae: Jarava species with plumose-like awns and species of Pappostipa with pappus-like awns. Ordination analyses (principal coordinate analysis and cluster analysis) were used to determine major groupings, while significant
differences among groups were tested by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and univariate analysis based on generalized linear models (GLM). Based on morphological similarities, we delimited five groups. The presence of a small floret characterized Jarava annua, J. media, and
J. plumosula, although J. annua was clearly distinguished by the distribution of hairs in the awn column. Jarava subplumosa and J. psylantha were characterized by the pubescence of the culm, the length of the floret callus, the length of the awn subule, and the
length of the awn hairs. Pappostipa was distinctive by having hairs only in the awn column that resemble a pappus while Jarava neaei + J. pogonathera presented the longest inflorescences and hairs only on the awn subule, resembling a feather. As a result, we present a
key to taxa and descriptions to characterize and identify species within the Jarava-Pappostipa group with plumose and pappus-like awns.
A New Species of Croton (Euphorbiaceae) from a Madagascan Lineage Discovered in Coastal Kenya
Authors: Ngumbau Veronicah Mutele , Nyange Mwadime , Wei Neng , van Ee Benjamin W. , Berry Paul E. , Malombe Itambo , Hu Guang-Wan , Wang Qing-Feng
Published: May 2020

Abstract—Croton kinondoensis, a new species from Kenya, is described and illustrated here with photographs. It is found in the sacred Kaya Kinondo Forest, one of the last remaining coastal forests patches in Kenya. Its morphology and systematic position
based on ITS and trnL-F DNA sequence data clearly place it within the Adenophorus Group of Croton, a clade of ca. 15 species otherwise known only from Madagascar and the Comoros Archipelago. Its closest affinities appear to lie with Croton mayottae, from the island of
Mayotte, and C. menabeensis, from northwestern Madagascar. This new species likely represents an independent dispersal of Croton from Madagascar to mainland Africa.
Design and construction of a water supply tunnel under New York Harbor, USA
Authors: Watson David , Lawrence Colin , Essex Randall , Shultz Michael , Larsen Brian
Published: May 2020

A new water main siphon tunnel was built under New York Harbor in 2015 to allow larger ships to access the Port of New York and New Jersey. Located between Brooklyn and Staten Island, the 2.9 km long 3.6 m dia. tunnel was constructed under active shipping channels through highly variable ground conditions, ranging from decomposed rock to soft clays, all under hydrostatic pressures up to 4 bar beneath the harbour. In a first for New York City, an earth-pressure-balance tunnel boring machine was used. This paper describes the many challenges that faced the project, including a sinkhole forming at the launch and being flooded with sea water for 18 months following hurricane Sandy.
Great Western railway electrification, UK: the key role of building information modelling
Authors: Nolan John
Published: May 2020

Building information modelling (BIM) transformed the delivery of Network Rail’s Greater West programme, which included electrification of the Great Western railway between London and south Wales in 2019. This paper provides an insight into how BIM was developed and implemented on this £5 billion multi-disciplinary railway programme. In addition to significant cost and time savings, the 5 year programme’s exemplary safety record can also be attributed to virtual design and construction, three-dimensional signal-sighting reviews and design reviews, all facilitated by BIM techniques and best practice.
The influence of B4C and BN nanoparticles on Al 7010 hybrid metal matrix nanocomposites
Authors: Dirisenapu Gopichand , Dumpala Lingaraju , Reddy Seelam Pichi
Published: May 2020

In the present study, boron carbide (B4C) and boron nitride (BN) nanoparticles combined in equal proportions and reinforced into aluminium 7010 alloy with 0–2.5 wt.% nanoparticles in intervals of 0.5 wt.% were prepared using the ultrasonically assisted stir-casting technique. Microstructural characterisation of the composites was carried out by using a scanning electron microscope and an X-ray diffractometer. The tensile strength was determined using an Instron testing machine. The tensile strength of the nanocomposites increased with the increase in the weight percentage of nanoparticles up to 2 wt.% and thereafter decreased. It was observed that the percentage of elongation decreased with the increase in reinforcement up to 2 wt.% and thereafter increased. The density of the hybrid metal matrix nanocomposites decreased with the increase in boron carbide and boron nitride nanoparticles. The porosity increased with the increase in the weight percentage of boron carbide and boron nitride nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction results indicated that aluminium, boron carbide and boron nitride were the principal elements of the composites and the components were free of intermetallics.
Multivariate statistical technique in the assessment of coastal water quality of Oman
Authors: Chitrakar Prerana , Baawain Mahad Said , Sana Ahmad , Al-Mamun Abdullah
Published: May 2020

Coastal water plays a significant role in the growth and productivity of marine organisms; and is the source of many important economic activities including fishery, coastal recreation and socio-economic development. Coastal water quality is highly influenced by the physical, chemical and biological processes in the ocean. The present study assessed 17 physico-chemical water quality parameters along the Omani coastline of Capital Muscat at Mina Al Fahal, Al Ghubrah, Barka and Quriyat. The results showed that the level of dissolved oxygen (O2) was lower than 5 mg/l at the Mina Al Fahal (2.24 mg/l) and Quriyat stations (3.68 mg/l), signifying a threat to coastal species. Relatively high total dissolved solids (>40 000 mg/l), total coliform (>500 most probable number (MPN)/100 ml) and Escherichia coli (>35 MPN/100 ml) at the Al Ghubrah and Barka stations indicated contamination from brine disposal, local run-offs, decomposition of organic waste and domestic effluent discharges. The higher phosphate–phosphorus level of 0.14 mg/l at Quriyat suggested pollution from local fish waste and sediment decomposition. The analysed parameters were further evaluated using multivariate statistical techniques such as cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis/factor analysis (PCA/FA). CA provided five clusters after grouping the parameters based on similarity. PCA/FA identified four main loading factors, with a total variance of 74.2%. The analysis showed contamination from desalination plants, domestic waste, local discharge and natural fish wastes and weathering of seabed rocks and sediments as the main contributors to the elevated concentrations affecting the water quality in the study locations.
A Deregulated Stress Response Underlies Distinct INF2-Associated Disease Profiles
Authors: Bayraktar Samet , Nehrig Julian , Menis Ekaterina , Karli Kevser , Janning Annette , Struk Thaddäus , Halbritter Jan , Michgehl Ulf , Krahn Michael P. , Schuberth Christian E. , Pavenstädt Hermann , Wedlich-Söldner Roland
Published: May 2020

Significance Statement

Inverted formin 2 (INF2) is the key regulator of a stress response—calcium-mediated actin reset, or CaAR—that reorganizes the actin cytoskeleton of mammalian cells in response to calcium influx. INF2 has been linked to the podocytic kidney disease focal segemental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and to cases of the neurologic disorder Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease that are accompanied by FSGS. The authors show that >50 disease-associated INF2 variants lead to deregulation of CaAR in cell lines, in Drosophila nephrocytes, and in cells from patient cells with these disorders. Their findings suggest that CaAR can be used as a sensitive assay for INF2 function and for robust evaluation of disease-linked variants of this formin. This work also highlights the use of quantitative cellular assays in assessing effects of disease-associated mutations to better understand complex disease phenotypes.

Background

Monogenic diseases provide favorable opportunities to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of disease progression and improve medical diagnostics. However, the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors in disease etiologies makes it difficult to discern the mechanistic links between different alleles of a single locus and their associated pathophysiologies. Inverted formin 2 (INF2), an actin regulator, mediates a stress response—calcium mediated actin reset, or CaAR—that reorganizes the actin cytoskeleton of mammalian cells in response to calcium influx. It has been linked to the podocytic kidney disease focal segemental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), as well as to cases of the neurologic disorder Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease that are accompanied by nephropathy, mostly FSGS.

Methods

We used a combination of quantitative live cell imaging and validation in primary patient cells and Drosophila nephrocytes to systematically characterize a large panel of >50 autosomal dominant INF2 mutants that have been reported to cause either FSGS alone or with Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease.

Results

We found that INF2 mutations lead to deregulated activation of formin and a constitutive stress response in cultured cells, primary patient cells, and Drosophila nephrocytes. We were able to clearly distinguish between INF2 mutations that were linked exclusively to FSGS from those that caused a combination of FSGS and Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease. Furthermore, we were able to identify distinct subsets of INF2 variants that exhibit varying degrees of activation.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that CaAR can be used as a sensitive assay for INF2 function and for robust evaluation of diseased-linked variants of formin. More broadly, these findings indicate that cellular profiling of disease-associated mutations has potential to contribute substantially to sequence-based phenotype predictions.