bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Running on empty: a longitudinal global study of psychological well-being among runners during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Vistisen Helene Tilma , Sønderskov Kim Mannemar , Dinesen Peter Thisted , Brund René Børge Korsgaard , Nielsen Rasmus Østergaard , Østergaard Søren Dinesen
Published: September 2022

Objectives

There are indications that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound negative effect on psychological well-being. Here, we investigated this hypothesis using longitudinal data from a large global cohort of runners, providing unprecedented leverage for understanding how the temporal development in the pandemic pressure relates to well-being across countries.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Global.

Participants

We used data from the worldwide Garmin-RUNSAFE cohort that recruited runners with a Garmin Connect account, which is used for storing running activities tracked by a Garmin device. A total of 7808 Garmin Connect users from 86 countries participated.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

From 1 August 2019 (prepandemic) to 31 December 2020, participants completed surveys every second week that included the five-item WHO Well-Being Index (WHO-5). Pandemic pressure was proxied by the number of COVID-19-related deaths per country, retrieved from the Coronavirus Resource Centre at Johns Hopkins University. Panel data regression including individual- and time-fixed effects was used to study the association between country-level COVID-19-related deaths over the past 14 days and individual-level self-reported well-being over the past 14 days.

Results

The 7808 participants completed a total of 125 409 WHO-5 records over the study period. We found a statistically significant inverse relationship between the number of COVID-19-related deaths and the level of psychological well-being—independent of running activity and running injuries (a reduction of 1.42 WHO-5 points per COVID-19-related death per 10 000 individuals, p<0.001).

Conclusions

This study suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative effect on the psychological well-being of the affected populations, which is concerning from a global mental health perspective.
Negotiating the polypharmacy paradox: a video-reflexive ethnography study of polypharmacy and its practices in primary care
Authors: Swinglehurst Deborah , Hogger Lucie , Fudge Nina
Published: September 2022

Background

Polypharmacy is an important safety concern. Medication reviews are recommended for patients affected by polypharmacy, but little is known about how they are conducted, nor how clinicians make sense of them. We used video-reflexive ethnography (VRE) to: illuminate how reviews are conducted; elicit professional dialogue and concerns about polypharmacy; invite new transferable understandings of polypharmacy and its management.

Methods

We conducted 422 hours of fieldwork (participant observation), filmed 18 consultations between clinicians and patients receiving 10 or more regular items of medication (so-called ‘higher risk’ polypharmacy) and played short clips of film footage to 34 participants (general practitioners, nurses, clinical pharmacists, practice managers) in seven audio-recorded reflexive workshops. Our analysis focused on ‘moments of potentiation’ and traced clinicians’ shifting understandings of their practices.

Results

Participants rarely referenced biomedical aspects of prescribing (eg, drug-drug interactions, ‘Numbers Needed to Treat/Harm’) focussing instead on polypharmacy as an emotional and relational challenge. Clinicians initially denigrated their medication review work as mundane. Through VRE they reframed their work as complex, identifying polypharmacy as a delicate matter to negotiate. In patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy it was difficult to disentangle medication review from other aspects of patients’ medical care. Such conditions of complexity presented clinicians with competing professional obligations which were difficult to reconcile. Medication review was identified as an ongoing process, rather than a discrete ‘one-off’ activity. Meaningful progress towards tackling polypharmacy was only possible through small, incremental, carefully supported changes in which both patient and clinician negotiated a sharing of responsibility, best supported by continuity of care.

Conclusions

Supporting acceptable, feasible and meaningful progress towards addressing problematic polypharmacy may require shifts in how medication reviews are conceptualised. Responsible decision-making under conditions of such complexity and uncertainty depends crucially on the affective or emotional quality of the clinician-patient relationship.
An Enhanced Reactive Power Compensation Scheme Using a Synthesis Segmental Multilevel Converted for Three-Phase Grid Systems
Authors: Nirmala Rajendran , Venkatesan Sundharajan
Published: September 2022

Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have gained significant attention due to their easy implementation and availability, where proper energy management should be highly concentrated for a successful PV power utilization. In the traditional works, various controlling techniques have been developed for reactive power compensation. But, it lacks with the issues of reduced system performance, increased loss, and high harmonics. Hence, this paper aims to develop a new controlling methodology, named the Synthesis Segmental Multilevel Converter (SSMC) for reactive power compensation in a three-phase grid system. Initially, it extracts the maximum amount of power from the solar PV systems by using an Enhanced Perturb and Observe (EPO) method. Then, the panel separation is performed and the three-phase power input is given to the SSMC converter, where the synchronization and switching pulse generation processes are performed. During synchronization, integrated techniques such as Proportional Integral (PI), Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC), and Improved Artificial Neural Network (IANN) are utilized to maintain the voltage, magnitude and phase angle in the same level. Consequently, the Inductance Capacitance (LC) filtering technique is applied to reduce the harmonics distortion in the signal. After that, the Park transformation is used to perform the dq0 to abc transformation, which is implemented for reducing the high volume of error. Finally, the error-free signal is fed to the three-phase grid system with reduced harmonics. During experimentation, both the simulation and analytical results have been taken for analyzing the performance of the proposed technique. Moreover, it is compared to the existing algorithms for proving the betterment of the proposed methodology.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Viscous Damper Placement for Building Structures Subjected to Ground Motion
Authors: Chan Peng-Tai , Ma Quincy Tsun Ming
Published: September 2022

Viscous dampers mitigate the interstory drift ratios (IDRs) and peak floor accelerations (PFAs) of buildings subjected to earthquakes. This leads to a multi-objective optimization problem (MOOP) for a viscous damper placement along the building height to minimize IDRs and PFAs simultaneously. This paper proposes innovative methods to address the MOOP and compares those proposed methods to non-dominated sorting algorithm II (NSGA-II) through case studies. Subsequently, the meaning of solutions on the Pareto optimal front in future earthquake events is investigated. The case studies apply each method to a two-dimensional ten-story shear building and adopt four measures to evaluate the performance of searched solutions in multiple aspects. The results show that the proposed methods, by executing fewer number of time history analyses and with convergence comparable to that of NSGA-II, successfully offer improvement against NSGA-II in the aspect of productivity and diversity. As for understanding solutions on the Pareto front in future earthquake events, the knee point solution’s design, which proposed methods can arrive at or approach, successfully reduces both peaks IDR and PFA under 20 ground motions.
Application of ₦- Hyper Set on β−Algebra
Authors: Muralikrishna P. , Hemavathi P. , Saeid Arsham Borumand
Published: September 2022

The concept of ₦-structures was initiated by Jun et al. in 2009. Later, Young Bae Jun extended this concept as ₦-hyper sets and dealt its associated outcomes. In particular, four types of ₦-substructures with relevant properties have been investigated which leads to the introduction of the notion of ₦-hyper [Formula: see text]subalgebra in this study. Further, it was proved that the intersection of two ₦-hyper [Formula: see text]subalgebras is again an ₦-hyper [Formula: see text]subalgebra. In addition to that, the properties based on the homomorphism and Cartesian product were discussed.
Adsorption of Cr(VI) by lanthanum oxide-loaded porous mullite–corundum ceramics
Authors: Zhou Xianzhi , Zhu Shaofeng , Fei Guangsheng , Ma Yuanhang
Published: September 2022

In this study, a novel lanthanum oxide-loaded porous mullite–corundum ceramic was prepared and adopted to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. The lanthanum oxide-loaded porous mullite–corundum ceramic was characterized by XRD, SEM-EDS, and XPS, and batch adsorption experiments were employed to investigate the effect of main interfering factors on Cr(VI) adsorption. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of lanthanum oxide-loaded porous mullite–corundum ceramic was significantly improved, and the dynamic adsorption equilibrium could be reached at 720 min; the adsorption capacity almost did not decrease after five adsorption cycles. Cr(VI) adsorption process abided by pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich model, indicating that Cr(VI) adsorption onto lanthanum oxide-loaded porous mullite–corundum ceramic was multi-molecular layer chemical adsorption. Therefore, lanthanum oxide- loaded porous ceramics are an efficient and highly reusable adsorbent, which is expected to be used for the treatment of Cr(VI) in wastewater.
Cyclic property of iterative eccentrication of a graph
Authors: Raja Manakkulam Rohith , Kok Johan , Mangam Tabitha Agnes , Naduvath Sudev
Published: September 2022

The eccentric graph of a graph [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is a derived graph with the vertex set same as that of [Formula: see text] and two vertices in [Formula: see text] are adjacent if one of them is an eccentric vertex of the other. The process of constructing iterative eccentric graphs, denoted by [Formula: see text] is called eccentrication. A graph [Formula: see text] is said to be [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] are the only non-isomorphic graphs, and the graph [Formula: see text] is isomorphic to [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we prove the existence of an [Formula: see text]-cycle for any simple graph. The importance of this result lies in the fact that the enumeration of eccentrication of a graph reduces to a finite problem. Furthermore, the enumeration of a corresponding sequence of graph parameters such as chromatic number, domination number, independence number, minimum and maximum degree, etc., reduces to a finite problem.
Development of Reward Circuitry During Adolescence: Depression, Social Context, and Considerations for Future Research on Disparities in Sexual and Gender Minority Youth
Authors: Eckstrand Kristen L. , Lenniger Carly J. , Forbes Erika E.
Published: September 2022

Depression is a common and debilitating psychiatric illness that typically emerges in adolescence and impacts mental, social, and academic well-being. Significant research has examined the biological factors implicated in adolescent depression, converging on the specific importance of altered dopamine neurotransmission and neural reward—including social reward—systems. Neural reward systems are themselves likely influenced by social factors and risk factors for depression, with adolescent depression potentially developing more readily in those who experience a combination of neural and social factors. Here we review the role of dopamine and neural reward systems, consider the social factors that impact these systems, and propose a model for the interaction of reward and dopamine systems with social influences as a pathway to depression. Using this model, we highlight possible mechanisms for the development of depression in sexual and gender minority youth, a population at exceedingly high risk for depression.
Sleep and Memory in Infancy and Childhood
Authors: Mason Gina M. , Spencer Rebecca M.C.
Published: September 2022

Sleep supports memory processing. In adults, memories are consolidated to a greater extent over an interval of sleep than over intervals spent awake. Behavioral evidence supports a benefit of sleep for memory consolidation in infants and children as well. While mechanistic studies are few, current evidence supports a role in memory consolidation for slow-wave sleep in particular. Mounting evidence suggests that these effects are modulated by brain development and may evolve from infancy to adulthood. Moreover, as reviewed here, sleep benefits in infancy and early childhood may be dependent on the type of learning and sleep bout (nap versus overnight). Understanding the typical development of sleep-related memory processing is critical to understanding compromised or atypical development and to informing sleep-focused interventions to improve memory during critical periods of learning across childhood.
Internal Resistance Analysis of Na/NiCl2 Cells using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Büttner Nils , Skadell Karl , Schüßler Benjamin , Nousch Laura , Richter Maria , Schulz Matthias , Michaelis Alexander
Published: September 2022

A pulsed discharge regime (GITT) was used to investigate the ohmic internal resistance of Na/NiCl2 cells, also known as ZEBRA Cells. Two ways were chosen to determine the internal resistance, on the one side the voltage response of the corresponding current enables a calculation. On the other side the potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to measure cell spectra including the ohmic internal resistance. By comparing both methods the feasibility of ohmic internal resistance (IR) calculation can be evaluated. The cells were investigated within five different operating temperatures (300 °C–180 °C with 30 K steps). Results show that the ohmic internal resistance of a Na/NiCl2 is increasing when the operating temperature is decreasing, mainly due to the decrease of ionic conductivity of

β

″

separator and the secondary electrolyte NaAlCl4. As a direct consequence, there is a significant capacity loss. Therefore, the operating temperature can be identified as capacity limiting factor.
Hollow Tubular Biomass-Derived Carbon Loaded NiS/C for High Performance Lithium Storage
Authors: Huang Jiemeng , Xia Guanghui , Cheng Lei , Liu Luzhi , Zhang Yiyong , Duan Jianguo , Zhang Yingjie , Wang Ding
Published: September 2022

Transition Metal Sulfides (TMSs) have received broadly research and application in the Lithium-ion Batteries (LIBs) field owing to their rare physical/chemical characteristics. Unfortunately, the fundamental flaws of volume expansion and poor electrical conductivity hampered its future practical implementation. Herein, a carbonization/activation procedure coupled with a facile solvothermal method and post-annealing strategy were developed to synthesize hollow tubular biomass-derived carbon (HBC) loaded NiS/C composite. The HBC serves a dual functional by providing highly active surface sites for NiS/C particles loading and naturally existing micron-level pores that can accommodate the volume variation. As a consequence, the HBC-NiS/C anode displayed strong lithium-ion storage performances with a high specific capacity (652 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 over 100 cycles), favorable rate capability, and exceptional structural durability.
A Simple Nomogram for Predicting Osteoarthritis Severity in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Zhang Qingzhu , Yao Yinhui , Wang Jinzhu , Chen Yufeng , Ren Dong , Wang Pengcheng
Published: September 2022

Objective. To explore the influencing factors of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) severity and establish a KOA nomogram model. Methods. Inpatient data collected in the Department of Joint Surgery, Chengde Medical University Affiliated Hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were used as the training cohort. Patients with knee osteoarthritis who were admitted to the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University from February 2022 to May 2022 were taken as the external validation group of the model. In the training group, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method was used to screen the factors of KOA severity to determine the best prediction index. Then, after combining the significant factors from the LASSO and multivariate logistic regressions, a prediction model was established. All potential prediction factors were included in the KOA severity prediction model, and the corresponding nomogram was drawn. The consistency index (C-index), area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), GiViTi calibration band, net classification improvement (NRI) index, and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) index evaluation of a model predicted KOA severity. Decision curve analysis (DCA) and clinical influence curves were used to study the model’s potential clinical value. The validation group also used the above evaluation indexes to measure the diagnostic efficiency of the model. Spearman correlation was used to investigate the relationship between nomogram-related markers and osteoarthritis severity. Results. The total sample included 572 patients with knee osteoarthritis, including 400 patients in the training cohort and 172 patients in the validation cohort. The nomogram’s predictive factors were age, pulse, absolute value of lymphocytes, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The C-index and AUC of the model were 0.802. The GiViTi calibration band (

P
=
0.065

), NRI (0.091), and IDI (0.033) showed that the modified model can distinguish between severe KOA and nonsevere KOA. DCA showed that the KOA severity nomogram has clinical application value with threshold probabilities between 0.01 and 0.78. The external verification results also show the stability and diagnosis of the model. Age, pulse, MCHC, and BUN are correlated with osteoarthritis severity. Conclusions. A nomogram model for predicting KOA severity was established for the first time that can visually identify patients with severe KOA and is novel for indirectly evaluating KOA severity by nonimaging means.
The Predicting Role of Serum TSGF and sIL-2R for the Lymph Node Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Xu Xiaoqin , Wang Weigang , Sun Ting , Tian Baoguo , Du Lili , Jing Jiexian
Published: September 2022

Objective. To explore the clinical utility of tumor-specific growth factor (TSGF) and the soluble interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor (sIL-2R) as immune-related factors for predicting lymph node metastases (LNM) of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods. A total of 206 patients with PTC subjected to curative surgery were enrolled. All patients had complete medical records. Serum levels of TSGF were detected using Automatic Biochemistry Analyzer and the serum sIL-2R concentration was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, we analyzed the relationship between the two indicators and the clinicopathological characteristics and assessed their effect on lymphatic metastasis in patients with PTC by logistic regression analysis. Results. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that the determined cut-off value of serum TSGF and sIL-2R was 63.35 U/mL and 507 U/mL, respectively. Serum TSGF was associated with focality (

χ

2

=
4.97

,

P
=
0.026

) and lymphatic metastasis (

χ

2

=
4.154

,

P
=
0.042

), while serum sIL-2R was remarkably related to gender (

χ

2

=
4.464

,

P
=
0.035

). Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age, tumor size, serum TSGF level, capsule invasion, and nodular goiter were the lymphatic metastasis-related factor of PTC. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that

age
>
45

years was a protective factor (OR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.206-0.777,

P
=
0.007

). Conversely, larger tumor size (OR: 4.594, 95% CI: 2.127-9.921,

P
=
0.000

), higher serum TSGF levels (OR: 1.888, 95% CI: 1.009-3.533,

P
=
0.047

), and capsule invasion (OR: 1.939, 95% CI: 1.009-3.726,

P
=
0.047

) were associated with an increased risk of LNM. Conclusion. Serum TSGF levels were identified as an independent factor for LNM in patients with PTC.
Investigation on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Abaca Fiber Composites Using Filament Winding
Authors: Alshgari Razan A. , Hemalatha N. , Suryavanshi Ajay , Prasad D. V. S. S. S. V. , Subalakshmi R. , Abirami M. , Amudha M. J. R. , Wabaidur Saikh Mohammad , Islam M. Ataul , Christopher David
Published: September 2022

Composites that were made stronger with jute fiber and glass fiber were used to test the performance of filament wound abaca fiber composites. Tensile, bending, and dynamic mechanical analyses were used to figure out the mechanical properties of the composites. Fiber composites and glass-fiber composites were found to have higher density and mechanical properties than abaca fiber-based composites. This is because resin did not get into the cell cavity of the fiber’s inner tissue structure. The abaca fiber composites that worked the worst were those in which the fibers were pulled out while the fibers on the surface were torn. The fiber-reinforced epoxy circumferential composite interface junction in the twisting abaca fiber circumferential composite was found to be more flexible and have a higher glass transition temperature than any of the other composites (6000 MPa). We found that twisting abaca fiber-naval ordnance laboratory and twisting abaca fiber-prepared circumferential composite had the lowest frequency dependence and performance variability. To improve composite properties, both the outside and inside structures of twisting abaca fiber need to be fixed. There is also a rise in fiber-to-resin contact and a rise in fiber surface area. The diameter of the fibers also gets smaller.
Forest Carbon Sink Resource Asset Evaluation with Case Study of Fujian Province in China
Authors: Feng Bo
Published: September 2022

Since the Industrial Revolution, the productivity of human society has been qualitatively enhanced. At the same time, with the development of the social economy, the excessive pursuit of economic interests of mankind neglects the protection of ecological environment, the hole in the ozone layer, the rise of temperature, sea level rise, and other ecological problems. At the same time, the atmospheric carbon dioxide content has risen sharply, the global carbon cycle has lost its balance. The greenhouse effect is the most urgent ecological problem facing mankind. Against this background, countries have to start studying countermeasures to deal with global warming. Forest carbon sinks are important for mitigating global warming and offsetting carbon dioxide emissions. Forest carbon sink has low cost, and is easy to realize. The study of the economic value and impact of forest carbon sink factors can help provide government agencies at all levels and forestry management departments with a scientific and reasonable management basis, so as to improve the utilization rate of carbon sink and China’s voice on global climate issues. How to quantify the asset value of carbon sink resources is a hot issue today, the follows will use the relevant knowledge theory of asset assessment to discuss the characteristics of forest carbon sink resources and value composition.
Control of Obesity, Blood Glucose, and Blood Lipid with Olax imbricata Roxb. Root Extract in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice
Authors: Vo Thi Nga , Luong Thi-Diem-My , Le Thi-Phuong-Hoa , Trinh Khanh Son
Published: September 2022

Mice were used in in vivo experiments to evaluate the effects of doses of n-hexane extract (from 100 to 1,300 mg/kg body weight/day) on the ability to control obesity, blood glucose, and blood lipid. In this study, body weight gain, caloric intake, glucose tolerance, blood lipid, histopathological study, and locomotion activity were examined. Furthermore, this study evaluated the lethality of the extract in extremely high doses in the tested mice. After 3 months of use with an extremely high dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight/day (equivalent to 350 g/day for a 70 kg person), no animals with abnormal conditions or death were observed. This initially demonstrated the safety of the extract. In addition, after 6 weeks of testing on high-fat diet-induced obese mice, n-hexane extract at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight/day (equivalent to 35 g/day for a 70 kg person) demonstrated a positive effect on the ability to control obesity, blood glucose, and blood lipid through the results of body weight, blood lipids, glucose tolerance, and histopathology (white fat, liver, and kidney tissues). In this study, n-hexane extract from the roots of Duong-dau tree has proven to be strongly biologically active in preventing and supporting the treatment of diseases related to overweight and obesity, helping to control blood glucose levels thereby reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Detection Method of Athlete Joint Injury Based on Deep Learning Model
Authors: Liu Jianjia , Yang Xin , Liao Tiannan , Huang Yong
Published: September 2022

The research on accurate and intelligent segmentation of knee joint MRI images is of great significance to reduce the work intensity of clinical doctors and nurses. In order to solve the problem that knee joint MRI image segmentation model needs a large number of high-quality tagged images and excessive labeling workload, a semisupervised learning segmentation network model based on 3D scSE-UNet is proposed. The model adopts a self-training semisupervised learning framework and adds a cSE-block+ module on the basis of the 3D UNet model. This module can enhance the effective features of the feature image from two aspects of space and channel, while suppressing irrelevant features and preserving image edge information more completely. In order to solve the problem of rough edge of pseudolabel caused by model segmentation, a fully connected conditional random field is added to refine the edge of pseudolabel in the process of model training. The effectiveness of the model is verified by open source MRNet dataset and OAI dataset. The results show that the proposed model can achieve the segmentation effect of fully supervised learning through a small number of labeled images and effectively reduce the dependence of knee joint MRI image segmentation on expert labeling data.
Calculation of Cracks in Partially Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams with BFRP Bars
Authors: Shen Wei , Chen Shengping , Zhang Jianbo
Published: September 2022

The effects of steel fiber volume rate and steel fiber concrete thickness on the crack development and crack resistance of basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) beams were investigated by flexural tests on six partially reinforced BFRP steel fiber reinforced concrete beams. The results showed that the addition of steel fibers effectively limited the extension height of the initial crack and the crack expansion after cracking, and the difference in the extension height of the crack between the partial steel fiber test beam and the full-section steel fiber test beam was small. For BFRP reinforced concrete beams partially reinforced with steel fibers, the development of the maximum crack width can be effectively suppressed under ultimate load. Its crack arresting effect is more similar to that of full-section steel fiber reinforced concrete beams with BFRP bars; it shows that adding steel fibers only in the compression zone of the beam can not only improve the load capacity of the beam but also obtain good economic benefits. According to the test results, on the basis of the bond-slip theory and the no-slip theory, a comprehensive calculation method of the crack spacing considering the bond effect between the steel bar and the concrete and the influence of the concrete protective layer is proposed. According to the calculation formula of crack width, and according to the influence of the actual plastic deformation of concrete in the tensile area of the section, the calculation formula of the normal section crack resistance of BFRP reinforced steel fiber concrete beams is carried out, and the calculation results are compared with the test results, which are in good agreement.
Analytic Hierarchy Process, Sensitivity Analysis, and Selectivity of Alphabutol Operation in 1-Butene Production
Authors: Alenezi Hamoud , Haidar Zainab , Das Mirdul
Published: September 2022

In this study, different operating parameters which contributed to the fouling formation were identified, while taking into consideration the heat and mass and balance. The effects of three operational parameters viz: reactor temperature, reactor pressure, andcatalyst ratio, feed to and out of reactor and heat exchanger cleaning time on the optimal yield were succinctly investigated using an empirical mathematical model. The optimum per pass conversion (PPC) that maximizes yield and extends pump around loop (PAL) days in service was obtained using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The result obtained under the optimum operational condition shows an increased yield from 84 to 85.5% and a 1% improvement in the 1-butene selectivity. Moreover, due to the decrease in maintenance activities, production increased by 1000 tons per annum. In addition to this, the cleaning cycle of the pump around the loop was extended by 9 days and the man-hour cleaning requirement was reduced by 91 days. The operating time of the pump around the loop increased by 30 days per loop with a corresponding reduction in the cleaning time of 50 h which resulted in maximum yield. This study, therefore, presented a design from the sensitivity analysis conducted with the potential benefit of informed decision-making in the process of making a trade-off between optimizing variable cost with the cost of maintaining the Alphabutol technology.
Small-Molecule Inhibition of the Acyl-Lysine Reader ENL as a Strategy against Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Liu Yiman , Li Qinglan , Alikarami Fatemeh , Barrett Declan R. , Mahdavi Leila , Li Hangpeng , Tang Sylvia , Khan Tanweer A. , Michino Mayako , Hill Connor , Song Lele , Yang Lu , Li Yuanyuan , Pokharel Sheela Pangeni , Stamford Andrew W. , Liverton Nigel , Renzetti Louis M. , Taylor Simon , Watt Gillian F. , Ladduwahetty Tammy , Kargman Stacia , Meinke Peter T. , Foley Michael A. , Shi Junwei , Li Haitao , Carroll Martin , Chen Chun-Wei , Gardini Alessandro , Maillard Ivan , Huggins David J. , Bernt Kathrin M. , Wan Liling
Published: September 2022

The chromatin reader eleven–nineteen leukemia (ENL) has been identified as a critical dependency in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but its therapeutic potential remains unclear. We describe a potent and orally bioavailable small-molecule inhibitor of ENL, TDI-11055, which displaces ENL from chromatin by blocking its YEATS domain interaction with acylated histones. Cell lines and primary patient samples carrying MLL rearrangements or NPM1 mutations are responsive to TDI-11055. A CRISPR-Cas9–mediated mutagenesis screen uncovers an ENL mutation that confers resistance to TDI-11055, validating the compound's on-target activity. TDI-11055 treatment rapidly decreases chromatin occupancy of ENL-associated complexes and impairs transcription elongation, leading to suppression of key oncogenic gene expression programs and induction of differentiation. In vivo treatment with TDI-11055 blocks disease progression in cell line– and patient-derived xenograft models of MLL-rearranged and NPM1-mutated AML. Our results establish ENL displacement from chromatin as a promising epigenetic therapy for molecularly defined AML subsets and support the clinical translation of this approach.

Significance:

AML is a poor-prognosis disease for which new therapeutic approaches are desperately needed. We developed an orally bioavailable inhibitor of ENL, demonstrated its potent efficacy in MLL-rearranged and NPM1-mutated AML, and determined its mechanisms of action. These biological and chemical insights will facilitate both basic research and clinical translation.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2483
Atención a niños, niñas, adolescentes y sus familias víctimas del conflicto armado en Colombia. Revisión documental
Authors:   Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, Colombia, Viveros-Chavarría Edison Francisco , Álvarez-Martínez Edwin ,   Alcaldía Municipal de Pradera, Colombia, Peñaralda-Sacarpeta Sandra Maritza ,   Alcaldía Municipal de Pradera, Colombia, Álvarez-Baena Eyesid ,   r Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, Colombia
Published: September 2022

Este ensayo se propuso interpretar los acumulados científico-teóricos y metodológicos sobre la atención a niños, niñas y adolescentes y sus familias víctimas del conflicto armado en Colombia, desde tres categorías: «Niños, niñas y adolescentes en el conflicto armado colombiano», «Reclutamiento forzado de niños niñas y adolescentes en el conflicto armado colombiano» y «Rutas de atención y prevención del reclutamiento a niños, niñas y adolescentes en el conflicto armado colombiano». El enfoque de investigación fue cualitativo-hermenéutico, la estrategia fue la investigación documental y se siguieron tres fases: exploración, focalización y profundización. La principal conclusión es que los esfuerzos especialmente en las rutas de atención a Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes (NNA) y sus familias están dirigidos a mostrar que atenderlos y repararles sus derechos son una prioridad y no pueden ser vulnerados nuevamente ni ser revictimizados, pero Colombia no tiene tal atención integral con ellos.
«Sí nacimos pa’ semilla»: la cultura de las bandas en Medellín (1990-2019). Una conversación con Alonso Salazar
Authors:   Transgang, Medellín, Márquez Fulvia , Feixa Carles
Published: September 2022

Alonso Salazar es un referente en la investigación social y en la acción política en Medellín. En 1990 publicó un libro seminal, No nacimos pa´ semilla, basado en testimonios de jóvenes pertenecientes a pandillas, a partir de un proyecto impulsado por la Corporación Región. Durante la etapa posterior, participó como miembro de la sociedad civil en diversas iniciativas de paz y reforma urbana, siendo elegido alcalde de Medellín en el periodo 2008-2011. La presente entrevista, fruto de una larga conversación que mantuvimos con él en noviembre de 2019, traza la evolución de las bandas juveniles durante las tres últimas décadas en Medellín, considerando a los jóvenes como victimarios y como víctimas, pero también como agentes de transformación social, y aportando sugerentes reflexiones sobre el juvenicidio y las maneras más eficaces de mitigar sus daños.
Juvenicidios: una mirada global
Authors:   Universidad de Manizales (Colombia), Muñoz Germán , Feixa Carles ,   Universitat Pompeu Fabra (Cataluña-España)
Published: September 2022

El artículo introduce el monográfico sobre los juvenicidios, presentándolos como un fenómeno global. Para ello propone declinar el concepto en plural, poniendo poner de manifiesto la diversidad de las raíces, derivas y respuestas del/al fenómeno. Tras hacer un resumen del origen del término y de las investigadoras pioneras sobre el mismo, se centra en la coyuntura actual, marcada por los efectos del estallido social en Colombia y la publicación de los informes de las comisiones de la verdad en México y Colombia, que incluyen la denuncia de los asesinatos perpetrados en Ayotzinapa en 2014 y en Cali en 2021. Por último, se introducen los artículos incluidos en el monográfico, que analizan diversas expresiones de juvenicidio en Colombia, México, Brasil, Argentina, Ecuador, España y Marruecos.
Contribuição de Hannah Arendt à tradição republicana: liberdade e vida do espírito
Authors: Novaes Adriana Carvalho
Published: September 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo, a partir da retomada da crítica neorrepublicana à ideia de liberdade política de Hannah Arendt, esclarecer o significado da liberdade para a autora e sua contribuição para a retomada do republicanismo, a saber, por uma teoria da liberdade ampla, fundamentada no cultivo das atividades espirituais.
Republicanismo e participação política: elementos republicanos na concepção de “democracia aberta”, de Hélène Landemore
Authors: Sousa Rodrigo Ribeiro de
Published: September 2022

O domínio persistente das elites políticas no âmbito de diferentes governos representativos contemporâneos, aliado à descaracterização da natureza programática dos partidos políticos têm levado a uma intensa reflexão, nos últimos anos, acerca dos limites e capacidades da democracia como sistema de governo. Problemas como a persistência de profundas desigualdades sociais e a incapacidade de inclusão das minorias – e até mesmo de maiorias, como no caso brasileiro – apontam para um processo de “oligarquização” das democracias, marcado por uma tentativa de “neutralização política do povo”, em todo incompatível com os valores republicanos e democráticos. Em um caso de tamanha sub-representação, no qual setores majoritários da sociedade são governados sistematicamente por setores minoritários, como garantir que o ideal de não-dominação seja assegurado? Partindo da constatação dos limites práticos dos governos representativos contemporâneos em geral, e do caso brasileiro, em particular, o propósito deste artigo é debater em que medida a proposta de “democracia aberta” de Hélène Landemore, que propõe a recuperação da prática do sorteio como expressão do elemento democrático, é compatível com o pensamento republicano.
Tradução de "Dissertação sobre a política dos romanos na religião", de Montesquieu
Authors: Santos Igor Moraes
Published: September 2022

Tradução do texto originalmente intitulado "Dissertation sur la politique des Romains dans la religion", de Charles-Louis de Secondat, barão de La Brède e de Montesquieu. Trata-se de trabalho apresentado no dia 18 de junho de 1716  à Academie Royale des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de Bordeaux e somente publicado após a sua morte.
O costume como fundamento do político e das leis em Montaigne
Authors: Morador Natanailtom de Santana
Published: September 2022

Os costumes – coustumes – têm um papel central em Os Ensaios de Michel de Montaigne. Não só porque deles o ensaísta extrai os mais variados exemplos – leçons – utilizados em seus textos, mas sobretudo porque Montaigne entende que as regras morais, as leis, a ordem civil e toda convenção social estão ancoradas na sedimentação dos hábitos ao longo dos anos. O que, a princípio, parece trivial, é, na verdade, uma guinada em relação à tradição filosófico-política, na medida em que Montaigne desloca a fundamentação do político, da moral e das leis da própria natureza – como concebiam os filósofos da antiguidade – e de Deus – como concebiam os filósofos cristãos –, para o terreno dos costumes, terreno este eminentemente humano. Este artigo detém-se num capítulo – De la Coustume et de ne Changer Aisément une Loy Receue – dos Ensaios para demonstrar como Montaigne opera esse deslocamento das leis e do político do fundamento natural para os costumes – mos maiorum.
Friendly Assistance and Self-Reliance
Authors: Vámos Péter
Published: September 2022

Advanced geophysical techniques developed in Hungary contributed immensely to the success of geological surveys carried out in the PRC after 1956. A group of Hungarian geophysicists played a pivotal role in discovering and exploring oil deposits in the Songliao Basin, which later became known as Daqing, the largest oil field in China. Based on declassified primary sources from Hungarian archives and firsthand testimony from people involved in the expedition, this article examines how Sino-Hungarian cooperation in Cold War activities evolved against the backdrop of the radicalization of Chinese politics and growing tensions between the Soviet Union and China. Taking the Hungarian geophysicists’ expedition as an example, the article explores the historical setting of early exchanges and the daily practice of scientific and technological interactions between the PRC and one of the closest East European allies of the Soviet Union.
“We Were as Dreamers:” Prayer as the Royal Road to the Unconscious in Hasidism
Authors: Moseson Elly
Published: September 2022

This study explores the Hasidic psychologization of Jewish mysticism by focusing on the problem of distracting thoughts that arise during prayer, and the attitudes and responses to them that can be found in Hasidic literature. Two different theories of the origins of such thoughts, both attributed to Israel Ba’al Shem Tov, along with various techniques for engaging with them, are described. It is argued that these theories reflect two distinct paradigms, both of which exhibit significant similarities to the dynamic unconscious of psychoanalysis. In addition to tracing the reception of Israel’s ideas on distracting thoughts within the Hasidic movement and without, the study connects them to his activities as a folk healer with a particular concern with treating mental illness.
Transfer of four isolates of Bursaphelenchus doui into Monochamus alternatus and potential vector switching of the nematode
Authors: Maehara Noritoshi , Aikawa Takuya , Kanzaki Natsumi , Nakamura Katsunori
Published: September 2022

To reinforce vector-switching potential of Bursaphelenchus doui in its ecological and evolutionary contexts, we tested our previous hypothesis that “B. doui (or its ancestor) was transferred by Acalolepta fraudatrix, Acalolepta sejuncta, and/or Monochamus subfasciatus (or their ancestral species) from broad-leaved trees to conifers, switched vectors from these cerambycid beetles to Monochamus beetles in conifers, and then evolved into the common ancestor of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus”. The affinity of four B. doui isolates and one B. xylophilus isolate for Monochamus alternatus was tested using our simple nematode-loading method to the beetle, and the affinity was assessed based on the nematode loads on the beetles. Phoretic stages of two B. doui isolates obtained from Monochamus saltuarius and Pinus densiflora showed loading levels similar to that of B. xylophilus, which were significantly higher than those of the other two B. doui isolates obtained from A. fraudatrix and M. subfasciatus. This result indicates that the first two isolates of B. doui derived from a conifer-using beetle and a coniferous tree adapt to M. alternatus better than the last two isolates associated with beetles using broad-leaved trees. The data reinforce that vector switching of B. doui could have occurred during the evolutionary history of the B. xylophilus group.
A Remarkable new Lepanthes (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) hidden in plain sight
Authors: YEAGER JUSTIN , ITURRALDE GABRIEL A. , OCUPA HORNA LUIS , HUAYTA BALTAZAR ABEL , BAQUERO R. LUIS E.
Published: September 2022

Here we describe a charismatic miniature orchid species, Lepanthes attenboroughii which for many years has been commonly found in private and public collections, misidentified as its related species, L. caprimulgus. The new proposed species, L. attenboroughii has inflated flowers with stripes similar to L. caprimulgus. Nevertheless, L. attenboroughii shows rounder flowers when compared to the longer, tubular flowers with a narrowing of the sepaline cup towards the middle of L. caprimulgus with flowers reminiscent of a peanut. Also, the hidden petals and lip are consistently different when the two species are compared in detail. Most remarkable in this new species are the inflated flowers with the free reflexed portion of the synsepal extending significally farther than the middle of the total length of the sepaline cup.
Bulbophyllum contortum (Orchidaceae, Malaxideae), a new species from Yunnan, China
Authors: ZHOU ZHUANG , WU PENG-YU , XU XIAO-WEI , ZHAO ZHUANG , LIN YA-JUN , XU WAN , LIU ZHONG-JIAN
Published: September 2022

A new orchid species, Bulbophyllum contortum (Malaxideae, Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae) from Zhenyuan, Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated here. Detailed morphological comparisons indicate that B. contortum is similar to B. lemnisactum and B. lemniscatoides, but it differs in the shape and size of pseudobulbs, inflorescence shape, flower colour and shape and size of the sepalar appendages.
Relationship Between the Progression of Coronary Artery Disease and Pulse Pressure Index: A Cross-Sectional Work
Authors: Karadavut Serhat , Kelesoglu Saban , Elcik Deniz
Published: September 2022

This study sought to analyze the relationship between pulse pressure (PP) index (PPI) (PP/systolic blood pressure; a less variable and objective form of PP) and coronary artery disease (CAD) progression. A registry of 193 patients was evaluated to show CAD progression by comparing current vs previous (6 months to 3 years prior) angiograms. One day after the second angiogram, we conducted ambulatory blood pressure measurements on the patients. Of the 193 patients, 65 (34%) had CAD progression. The PP and PPI were significantly higher in the progression than in the non-progression group (55 ± 12 vs. 51 ± 10 mmHg, P = .02 and .47 ± .06 vs. .42 ± .05, P = .004, respectively). Also, the PP and PPI were independently predictive of CAD progression (OR = 1.03, P = .03 and OR = 6.47, P = .01, respectively). Moreover, the correlation of PPI with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glycosylated hemoglobin was greater than their correlation with PP. In addition, PPI predicted CAD progression better than PP (area under the curve [AUC] = .649 vs. .574, P = .03). Elevated PP and PPI may be associated with the progression of CAD. PPI seems more successful in predicting CAD progression than PP.