bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les sciences humaines et sociales en campagne : entre expertise et prophétie
Authors: Brissaud Constantin , Brun Éric
Published: July 2021

L’analyse des interventions des chercheurs et universitaires en sciences humaines et sociales dans la presse quotidienne nationale française durant les élections européennes de mai 2014 permet d’interroger à nouveaux frais le développement de « l’expertise » comme forme d’engagement des intellectuels dans l’espace public. On pourrait s’attendre à ce que les savants privilégient une telle forme d’engagement, mais le font-ils effectivement lorsqu’ils interviennent dans la presse généraliste nationale ? L’étude porte sur les articles qu’ils signent dans les journaux Le Monde, Libération et Le Figaro, qu’il s’agisse de tribunes, d’interviews ou encore de chroniques et d’articles d’analyse. En faisant une étude à la fois qualitative et quantitative du contenu de ces différentes productions, on révèle un ancrage des discours dans les disciplines d’appartenance des auteurs, mais également, et en particulier après les résultats de l’élection, une propension au prophétisme. Laissant peu d’espace à l’administration de la preuve, la légitimité de l’article de journal repose pourtant sur les compétences expertes arborées par son auteur et collectivement garanties par la catégorie professionnelle des chercheurs ; dans ce cadre contraint, les usages individuels de ce capital collectif exposent du même coup au risque de son instrumentalisation et/ou de sa dévalorisation.
Faire exister un intellectuel collectif dans le champ politique
Authors: Amiel Bastien
Published: July 2021

Créé en France en 1948, le Rassemblement démocratique révolutionnaire (RDR) est une entreprise politique qui défend une position neutraliste de refus de l’alternative entre les blocs atlantiste et soviétique. Partant de la présentation sociographique des intellectuel·le·s engagé·e·s dans la fondation de cette entreprise politique originale, cet article entend interroger la mobilisation et les prises de position politique de ce milieu partisan particulier, marqué par la surreprésentation des intellectuel·le·s. Il s’agira d’analyser les logiques de construction d’une position nouvelle au sein des champs politique et intellectuel, mais également la manière dont les formes d’intervention et les prises de position du RDR sont influencées par ses logiques sociales de recrutement. Finalement on se demandera comment les membres du Rassemblement interviennent à double titre au sein du champ de production idéologique : comme entreprise partisane et comme intellectuel collectif, et combien la recherche d’un si fragile équilibre peut peser dans la réussite ou non de leur entreprise.
Les gestes professionnels dans le modèle de l’agir enseignant : les atouts d’un concept pour la recherche et la formation en didactique du français
Authors: Dupuy Catherine , Soulé Yves
Published: July 2021

Revenant sur la genèse du modèle des gestes professionnels (Jorro, 1998 ; Bucheton & Dezuter, 2008) et sur ses échos dans la recherche et la formation (Sensevy, 2010), cette contribution questionne la pertinence d’une notion considérée comme technique professionnelle, mais aussi comme concept et outil d’analyse (Cizeron, 2010). À partir d’extraits de différents corpus relevant de l’enseignement de la lecture, du lire-écrire et de données de la formation, nous montrons comment l’analyse par gestes contribue à la construction des savoirs professionnels didactiques et en particulier des savoirs langagiers. Dès lors, la réflexion ne prétend pas résoudre les tensions relatives à la solidité conceptuelle de la notion de geste mais, s’appuyant sur les nombreuses publications qui l’exploitent dans différents champs disciplinaires (Lhoste, Champagne & Bulf, 2016), elle tente de faire le point sur son rendement en didactique du français.
Intérêt et limites de la notion de dispositif
Authors: Crinon Jacques , Viriot-Goeldel Caroline
Published: July 2021

Résumé : Un dispositif didactique implique la médiation par des instruments et un aménagement du milieu visant à obtenir des élèves un comportement déterminé. À partir de données issues de la recherche « Twictée pour apprendre l’orthographe » – mesure des progrès des élèves, entretiens avec des enseignants et observations de classes – nous montrons la confiance des enseignants dans les potentialités et les contraintes du dispositif pour enrôler et faire progresser les élèves, mais aussi l’importance de la qualité des interventions des enseignants, qui, dans le type de dispositif ici étudié, introduisent des variations considérables de sa mise en œuvre et modifient la nature du travail cognitif demandé aux élèves.
Le rapport à l’orthographe d’élèves de troisième et d’étudiants de sections de technicien supérieur
Authors: Levier Hélène Le
Published: July 2021

Le rapport qu’entretiennent les élèves et les enseignants avec les différents savoirs abordés à l’école influence leurs apprentissages. L’écriture étant au cœur du système scolaire, le rapport à l’écrit a été particulièrement interrogé (Barré-de Miniac, 2015 [2000]), notamment sous un angle sociologique (Lahire, 2008). C’est pourquoi le concept de rapport à nous a semblé particulièrement intéressant pour éclairer les données recueillies au cours de la thèse que nous avons consacrée à la mise en œuvre et à la perception de l’orthographe française chez des élèves de collèges et de sections de technicien supérieur tertiaires (Le Levier, 2019). Nous avons donc intégré des indicateurs liés au rapport à l’orthographe dans les questionnaires et les entretiens que nous avons recueillis auprès de 131 élèves de troisième de l’académie de Grenoble en 2016 et 178 étudiants de sections de technicien supérieur tertiaires de l’académie de Lille en 2018. Les résultats montrent que les enquêtés se disent très majoritairement conscients de l’importance que la société accorde au respect des normes orthographiques. Cependant, les discours recueillis montrent une grande diversité dans les valeurs attribuées par les élèves à l’orthographe.
« Sensibilité lexicale » : l’émergence d’un concept en didactique du lexique
Authors: Tremblay Ophélie
Published: July 2021

Le concept de sensibilité lexicale renvoie à l’existence d’une disposition positive à apprendre les mots, qui se manifeste par un intérêt et une curiosité envers les phénomènes lexicaux (Scott & Nagy, 2009). Cette disposition correspond à la composante « attitudes » de la compétence lexicale (Tremblay, Anctil & Perron, 2016), aux côtés des connaissances et habiletés qui font partie de cette même compétence. Cet article vise à définir et caractériser le concept de sensibilité lexicale au sein d’une proposition de modélisation du concept de compétence lexicale. Une telle modélisation permet de montrer comment le concept de sensibilité lexicale s’inscrit dans le paysage actuel de la didactique du français – et de la didactique du lexique en particulier –, notamment à travers la mise en évidence des interactions entre affects et apprentissages, dans une perspective langagière.
The covid-19 pandemic in vulnerable communities: the responses of Rio de Janeiro’s favelas
Authors: Schiray Dalia Maimon
Published: July 2021

This article analyses the effectiveness of public-health and economic-policy responses of the Brazilian government to the pandemic during the year 2020. We show that prevention, following WHO guidelines, is more easily adopted by the middle class. In low-income groups, housing conditions, lack of sanitation and informality limit the effectiveness of prevention. Governance problems in the relationship between the federal government and the states and municipalities have reduced the effectiveness of these measures. Brazil continues to fight the world’s second-highest number of deaths, after the United States. In this context, the article focuses on the responses of Rio de Janeiro’s favelas to the pandemic during and after the lockdown. With no specific policy on the part of the Brazilian government, this vulnerable population, supported by social organization present in the communities, adopted health preventive measures and benefited from donations of food and hygiene products that minimized the announced tragedy.
Sécurité sanitaire sous dépendance
Authors: Coris Marie , Piveteau Alain , Gorry Philippe , Montalban Matthieu
Published: July 2021

Améliorer durablement la sécurité sanitaire des populations ne se résume pas à un simple réglage de variables économiques ou à l’ajustement de quelques incitations, même d’ampleur, au plan budgétaire. Une telle ambition implique d’engager, à différentes échelles, la construction de nouveaux compromis entre les parties prenantes de la sécurité sanitaire. Il s’agit là d’un enjeu de politique publique auquel la politique industrielle doit dorénavant contribuer indépendamment de son objectif traditionnel d’amélioration de la compétitivité.Nous envisageons cette proposition dans le cas de l’industrie du médicament, en dressant d’abord le constat du surgissement de la pénurie, emblématique pour les pays riches de la fragilité d’une industrie mondialisée suite à l’internationalisation de la protection des brevets en 1995. Nous revenons ensuite sur le débat national qui, en France, s’est saisi de ce problème productif en cristallisant la recherche de solutions sur les relocalisations ou l’amélioration de la compétitivité, sans parvenir à dépasser les contradictions à l’œuvre et à intégrer la complexité des déterminants de la localisation des établissements pharmaceutiques. Dans un dernier temps, nous considérons le territoire régional comme l’une des échelles où la construction d’un compromis socio-productif favorable à l’objectif de sécurité sanitaire est envisageable à partir d’une politique industrielle repensée.
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Approaches for Tracing T Cell Development
Authors: Oh Seungyoul , Gray Daniel H D , Chong Mark M W
Published: July 2021

T cell development occurs in the thymus, where uncommitted progenitors are directed into a range of sublineages with distinct functions. The goal is to generate a TCR repertoire diverse enough to recognize potential pathogens while remaining tolerant of self. Decades of intensive research have characterized the transcriptional programs controlling critical differentiation checkpoints at the population level. However, greater precision regarding how and when these programs orchestrate differentiation at the single-cell level is required. Single-cell RNA sequencing approaches are now being brought to bear on this question, to track the identity of cells and analyze their gene expression programs at a resolution not previously possible. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the application of these technologies that have the potential to yield unprecedented insight to T cell development.
Clinical and epidemiological profile of Indian COVID-19 patients from Jaipur: a descriptive study
Authors: Mahavar Sunil , Tyagi Princy , Agrawal Abhishek , Bhandari Sudhir , Banerjee Subrata , Sharma Raman , Keshwani Prakash
Published: July 2021

We analyzed the data of 102 confirmed patients with novel Coronavirus 2 infection (COVID-19) during the early period of nationwide lockdown announced in India after the declaration of pandemic. We analyzed epidemiological, clinical characteristics and outcome of hospitalization in 102 patients with positive results for novel corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) RNA testing which were traced on the basis of history of travel, contact with a confirmed COVID-19 case, resident of hotspot areas or presence of symptoms, thus providing an accurate estimate of the proportion of asymptomatic cases in the initial population. Of 102 patients enrolled in the study, 83.3% (85/102) were asymptomatic and 16.67% (17/102) were symptomatic. Seventy-seven (75.49%) were males and 24.50% (25/102) were females. Eighteen (17.6%) patients had associated comorbidities, the most prevalent of which were diabetes mellitus 10.8% (11/102), hypertension 7.8% (8/102), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in 3.92% (4/102), chronic kidney Disease (CKD) 0.98% (1/102), coronary artery Disease (CAD) 0.98% (1/102) and cerebro-vascular disease (CVD) 0.98% (1/102). The clinical spectrum among symptomatic COVID-19 patients varied from dry cough and fever to respiratory failure and multi-organ failure. Twelve (11.76%) patients were kept in intensive care unit (ICU). Ninety-nine (97.05%) patients recovered while three (2.94%) died during hospital stay. With majority of COVID-19 cases in India being asymptomatic, changes in biochemical and inflammatory profile were small and insignificant in asymptomatic patients when compared to symptomatic patients. Elevated NLR, lymphopenia, age and presence of comorbidities were associated with increased severity and poor outcome.
Minor Physical Anomalies in Unipolar Depression
Authors: Sail Durva Balkrishna , Babhulkar Sneh , Waghmare Ninad , Kadam Krishna
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

Minor physical anomalies (MPA), are mild errors of the morphogenesis, having prenatal origin and may bear major information for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. The notion that early brain insults predispose to depression is supported by findings that some patients with the disorder exhibit morphologic evidence of subtle developmental abnormalities.

Aim:

The aim is to study MPA in depression.

Objectives:

(1) To study the association of MPA in depression, if any. (2) To study the most common MPA in depression

. Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted on 60 patients suffering from depression attending outpatient services and 60 healthy controls. Patients were evaluated for MPA using the Waldrop and Halverson Scale. Data were tabulated and analyzed using unpaired t-test.

Results:

The scores in the study group are significant than the control group suggesting an association between MPA and depression. The score of anomalies in the head, ear, and in the study group was significant. Correlation between age of onset and MPA was negative which suggests that as age increases the frequency of MPA decreases. More physical anomalies were found in the patient with a positive family history of psychiatric illness than the control group.

Conclusion:

A few number of studies have stressed on the need to screen and identify the link between MPA with underlying etiopathogenetic mechanisms in depression. Therefore, this is one of the few studies where a physical endophenotypic marker was evaluated helping to support the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of depression.
Comparison of efficacy of gabapentin and memantine premedication in laparoscopic cholecystectomies for postoperative pain relief – A randomised placebo controlled trial
Authors: Karri Sujitha Reddy , Jayaram Kavitha , Kumar Annekiran , Durga Padmaja
Published: July 2021

Background and Aims:

The multiplicity of the mechanisms of the pain in laparoscopic cholecystectomy inclines us to the usage of multimodal analgesia. Gabapentin is known for its analgesic efficacy when given as premedication in many surgeries. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists are used for both acute and chronic pain, but the use of memantine in the perioperative period is less studied. The aim of this randomised controlled study was to subjectively and objectively compare postoperative pain relief using gabapentin, memantine and placebo as premedication.

Methods:

Sixty-six patients posted for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomised into three groups. During the preoperative assessment, the baseline threshold and tolerance values of pain were measured using an algesiometer. Patients were pre-medicated with oral gabapentin 600 mg or memantine 20 mg or placebo an hour before surgery. Following extubation, pain scores were reassessed (both subjectively and objectively) along with Ramsay sedation scores at different time intervals for 4 h postoperatively.

Results:

Gabapentin group had lower Numerical Rating Scale scores at 15 min and 1 h postoperatively when compared to the other two groups. Memantine group had a longer time for the first request for rescue analgesia (50.53 min) compared to gabapentin and placebo. The objective assessment of pain with analgesiometer showed no statistical significance between the three groups for both threshold and tolerance values. Ramsay sedation scores were higher in the gabapentin group compared to the other two.

Conclusion:

Gabapentin provides better postoperative pain relief compared to memantine when given as single dose premedication for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Comparison of dexmedetomidine in two different doses on emergence agitation in children under sevoflurane anaesthesia
Authors: Ramachandran Abinaya , Palanisamy Nagalakshmi , Vidya MV , Zachariah Mamie , George Sagiev K , Ranjan R V
Published: July 2021

Background and Aims:

Emergence agitation (EA) in children is one of the most common postoperative problems encountered in the recovery room. Sevoflurane has been strongly associated with EA owing to its lower solubility and rapid recovery. Dexmedetomidine has been found to reduce the incidence of EA. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine in two doses in reducing EA in children.

Methods:

This was a prospective double-blinded randomised study done on eighty children aged 5–14 years undergoing adenotonsillectomy/tonsillectomy under sevoflurane anaesthesia. Patients in Group A (n = 40) received 0.3 μg/kg/h and patients in group B (n = 40) received 0.5 μg/kg/h infusion after a bolus dose of 0.5 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine. The primary objective was to compare two different doses of dexmedetomidine on EA in the postoperative period. The secondary objectives were to assess the pain and perioperative haemodynamics in the recovery room. The anaesthesiologist blinded to the study charted the paediatric anaesthesia emergence delirium score (PAED), perioperative haemodynamic parameters, objective pain score and rescue medications if given. The data were analysed using Student's unpaired t-test, Chi-square test, repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Mann-Whitney U test wherever appropriate.

Results:

The incidence of EA was comparable between both groups (P = 0.960). The haemodynamic parameters (P > 0.05) and the objective pain score (P = 0.810) also did not show a statistically significant difference.

Conclusion:

A lower dose of dexmedetomidine (0.3 μg/kg/h) is equally effective as a higher dose (0.5 μg/kg/h) after a bolus dose of 0.5 μg/kg in decreasing EA.
Is hypotensive anaesthesia guided by invasive intraarterial monitoring required for orthognathic surgery? – A retrospective review of anaesthetic practice and intraoperative blood loss in orthognathic surgery in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Lee Yi Lin , Thangavelautham Suhitharan , Harikrishnan Sudha , Karthekeyan Ranjith , Kothandan Harikrishnan
Published: July 2021

Background and Aims:

Orthognathic surgeries for maxillofacial deformities are commonly performed globally and are associated with significant blood loss. This can distort the surgical field and necessitate blood transfusion with its concomitant risks. We aimed to review if invasive intraarterial (IA) line monitoring and/or hypotensive anaesthesia is required for orthognathic surgeries, and their effects on intraoperative blood loss and transfusion requirements.

Methods:

This was a retrospective observational study conducted in patients admitted for orthognathic surgeries in a public tertiary hospital. Anaesthetic techniques and intraoperative haemodynamics were studied for their effects on intraoperative blood loss.

Results:

The data from 269 patients who underwent orthognathic–bimaxillary surgeries was analysed. Inhalational anaesthetic combined with remifentanil was administered for 86.6%, total intravenous anesthesia to 11.2% patients, while the rest received inhalational anaesthesia. Hypotensive anaesthesia was achieved in 48 subjects (17.8%) and associated with shorter duration of surgery (349 vs 378 min, P = 0.02) and a trend towards lower blood loss (874 mL vs 1000 mL, P = 0.058) but higher transfusion requirement (81.3% vs 58.8%, P = 0.004). An IA line was used in 119 patients (44.2%) and was not associated with a higher probability of achieving hypotensive anaesthesia (19.3% vs 16.7%, P = 0.06). However, less blood loss (911 vs 1029 mL, P = 0.05) occurred compared to noninvasive blood pressure monitoring.

Conclusion:

Invasive blood pressure monitoring is as effective as noninvasive methods to achieve hypotensive anaesthesia. It does not aid in achieving lower target blood pressure. There is a lack of association between a reduction in blood loss and higher blood transfusion during hypotensive anaesthesiaand thiswill require further evaluation.
Delayed presentation of late-onset glutamic aciduria type II: A disease of infancy presenting in an adult
Authors: Arida Abdul , Hamed Wala , Khaddam Omar , Alawadhi Hussain , Hertecant Jozef
Published: July 2021

Glutamic aciduria Type II is an uncommon inborn error of metabolism. It has a rare late-onset variant that can present in adulthood with recurrent lethargy, vomiting, metabolic acidosis, and myopathy. This is a case of a 27-year-old previously healthy gentleman who presented with complains of daily vomiting and generalized body aches that started 3 days after initiation of strenuous exercise and poor oral intake. Initially found to have high anion gap metabolic acidosis, elevated creatinine kinase levels and hypoglycaemia that improved with intravenous fluids. He later deteriorated and he was transferred to the intensive care unit for intubation and monitoring of his mental status. Labs were evident of hyperammonaemia not responding to lactulose. Further management with continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVHD) for ammonia clearance was required. This presentation raised the suspicion for metabolic disease and work up done was suggestive of Type II glutaric aciduria. After a long stay of 28 days in the hospital the patient recovered his mental status and was discharged home on carnitine and riboflavin. The diagnosis was confirmed with further genetic testing. He was later found to have concurrent celiac disease that was confirmed by duodenal biopsy.
Short-term outcomes of trabeculectomy surgery in primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Bukhatwa Samar , Metmoah El-Said
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Trabeculectomy controls the intraocular pressure (IOP) and decreases the progress of open-angle glaucoma; the outcome of such procedure has not been ascertained in Libya. Objective: We report the short-term outcome of trabeculectomy in terms of IOP in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Settings and Design: The medical records of the trabeculectomy patients previously diagnosed with POAG were reviewed retrospectively. Patients and Methods: Case characteristics were extracted including preoperative IOP and the IOP outcome 6 months postoperatively using Goldmann applanation tonometry. Data were presented as frequencies and mean ± standard deviation. Wilcoxon signed-ranks test was used to analyze the changes in the measurement of IOP after trabeculectomy. Results: Fifty-seven cases had trabeculectomy with a mean age of 51.6 ± 12.2 years. There was a statistically difference (P < 0.0001) in the IOP measurement pre and 6 months post trabeculectomy. 39 patients (68.4%) achieved an IOP of ≤21 mmHg 6 months after surgery without medications. IOP decreased from 33.2 ± 6.5 mmHg before surgery to 18.8 ± 5.8 mmHg after surgery. All the cases with preoperative IOP of 21–30 mmHg had a posttrabeculectomy IOP ≤ 21 mmHg (P < 0.0001). The rate of complications was low; seven eyes (12.3%) developed early postoperative complications that resolved within 2 weeks. Conclusions: This is the first report on trabeculectomy surgery in Libya. The results are encouraging with a low complication rate. This warrants further evaluationsof long term outcomes.
Anticancer activity of gold nanobioconjugates synthesized from Elephantopus scaber (linn.) leaf extract
Authors: Shinde Ashwini S. , Mendhulkar Vijay D.
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

Medicinal plants are the major natural resources for the treatment of human ailments including cancer therapy. The current cancer treatments such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy affect normal cells too. Thus, treatments like synthesized nanoscale particles using plant extracts have proven to be potential anticancer agent.

Aim of the Study:

We hypothesize that the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized using Elephantopus scaber hydro-methanolic extract may have anti-cancer activity along with their synergistic counterparts with adriamycin (ADR) on human breast cancer MCF-7: human breast cancer (A-549), human oral cancer (squamous cell carcinoma [SCC]-40), and COLO-205: human colon cancer cell lines.

Materials and Methods:

The phytosynthesized AuNPs were characterized for ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The anticancer ability of the AuNPs against human MCF-7, A-549, SCC-40, and COLO-205 through sulforhodamine B assay has been studied.

Results:

The synthesis of AuNPs was confirmed with the UV-Vis spectrophotometer with a peak at 540 nm. The FTIR analysis showed polyphenolic groups were major found to be the reduction and capping agent for AuNPs. According to the results obtained, AuNPs showed good anti-proliferative activity with GI50 <10 μg/ml on MCF-7 cancer cell line. The synergistic effect of AuNPs + ADR was even better for all the four cell lines than that of the AuNPs alone.

Conclusion:

The green synthesis of AuNPs is a simple, eco-friendly, and cost-effective method with dominantly spherical morphology ranging from 20 to 40 nm confirmed by NTA and TEM analysis. The study reveals the potent therapeutic value of the AuNPs.
Raised carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels detect recurrences and impacts overall and disease-free survival in radically resected gallbladder cancer: A simple surveillance marker?
Authors: Agrawal Sushma , Saxena Rajan
Published: July 2021

Background:

There are no established markers which can be used for surveillance after curative resection in gallbladder carcinoma (GBC). Though carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) has low specificity as a diagnostic marker, its role as a surveillance marker has not been explored. The aim of this study is to evaluate the predictive ability of CA 19-9 as a surveillance marker to detect recurrences on follow-up.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of radically resected GBC who were either on observation or completed adjuvant therapy (chemotherapy or chemoradiation) were followed up 3 monthly with CA 19-9 and ultrasound (US) abdomen for the first 2 years and 6 monthly CA 19-9 and US for further 3 years. Patients with raised CA 19-9 and a recurrent lesion on US abdomen were confirmed with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) abdomen and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of recurrent lesion to establish the diagnosis of recurrence. The performance of CA 19-9 levels (20 and more units/mL) for prediction of recurrence and its impact on survival was estimated.

Results:

Out of sixty patients on follow-up, 40% recurred: loco-regional (16.7%) and distant metastases (23.4%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CA 19-9 in detecting recurrence were 79.1%, 97.2%, 95%, and 87.5%, respectively. The median disease-free survival was 56 months versus 15 months (P = 0.008, hazard ratio [HR]: 7.4 [1.3–40]) and the median overall survival was not reached versus 20 months (P = 0.000, HR: 10.7 [confidence interval 4.2–27.3]) for CA 19-9 levels less than and more than 20 ng/mL.

Conclusions:

Based on the high positive and negative predictive value in our dataset, CA 19-9 can be used as a surveillance biomarker for follow-up of radically resected GBC. Raised levels of >20 ng/mL should be correlated with imaging findings and any suspicious lesion should be confirmed for recurrence by FNAC and CECT abdomen. Levels >20 ng/mL should be taken as a threshold for suspecting recurrence.
Canagliflozin, a SGLT-2 inhibitor, relieves ER stress, modulates autophagy and induces apoptosis in irradiated HepG2 cells
Authors: Abdel-Rafei Mohamed Khairy , Thabet Noura Magdy , Rashed Laila Ahmed , Moustafa Enas Mahmoud
Published: July 2021

Background and Objectives:

Metabolic shifting from mitochondrial respiration to glycolysis characterizes malignant cells from its normal counterparts and is attributed to overactivation of oncogenic signaling pathways. Hence, this study intended to investigate the influence of canagliflozin (CAN) and/or γ-irradiation (γ-IR) on HepG2 cell proliferation, crosstalk between phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K)/AKT/glycogen synthase kinase-3-β (GSK3-β)/mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, and their regulation of diverse processes, such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy, and apoptosis.

Materials and Methods:

HepG2 cells were treated with different doses of CAN and then exposed to different doses of γ-IR to achieve optimization that was based on cytotoxicity and clonogenic assays, respectively. The effects of CAN and/or γ-IR on glycolytic metabolism, cellular bioenergetics, oxidative stress, ER stress and autophagy biomarkers, expression of PI3K/AKT/GSK3-β/mTOR and Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathways, and apoptotic markers were monitored.

Results:

CAN enhanced the antitumor potential of γ-IR as displayed by a significant inhibition of clonogenic survival in HepG2 cells via inhibition of glucose uptake, lactate release, and modulation of ER stress-mediated autophagy; switched it to apoptosis; as well as disabled signaling pathways which contribute to metabolic reprogramming and tumor progression induced by γ-IR that confer radioresistance and treatment failure.

Conclusion:

Our study sheds light on the effective combination of CAN and γ-IR in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment and necessitates CAN treatment prior to γ-IR to overcome metabolic reprogramming-associated radioresistance and improve curative outcomes.
Research Progress of Qiweibaizhu Powder in Treating Digestive System Diseases
Authors: Liu Shi-Qi , Li Ji
Published: July 2021

Diarrhea is a common clinical problem that can lead to health complications, including death. It is the second-most common cause of death in children. The World Health Organization introduced a program to encourage the development and use of traditional herbal medicines in the treatment of diarrhea. Qiweibaizhu Powder (QWBZP) is a well-known pediatric prescription in China that is commonly used to treat digestive system diseases, such as diarrhea, which is also a type of syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine. Many studies have examined the clinical effects and mechanisms of QWBZP, and innovative and improved formulations have been developed. Recent studies on the effects of QWBZP on diarrhea caused by human rotavirus, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and mesenteric lymphadenitis in experimental models and clinical trials with diarrhea patients have been reviewed. We conducted a literature search of several databases, including PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chongqing VIP Information Co., Ltd., and Wanfang. A short background of the QWBZP is also provided. The collective findings highlight the curative effects of QWBZP on diarrhea caused by viral infection, antibiotic use, and mesenteric lymphadenitis. Furthermore, QWBZP can regulate the balance of the gastrointestinal microbiota and protect and repair the intestinal mucosal barrier. This review will provide a reference for further studies on QWBZP.
Базис частично коммутативной метабелевой группы
Authors: Timoshenko Evgenii Iosifovich
Published: July 2021

Явно указан базис коммутанта частично коммутативной метабелевой группы и приведена каноническая запись элементов группы.
Библиография: 14 наименований.
Производная функции Минковского
Authors: Gayfulin Dmitry Radislavovich , Kan Igor' Davidovich
Published: July 2021

В статье доказываются новые теоремы о производной функции Минковского.
Библиография: 14 наименований.
Some asymptotic properties between smooth empirical and quantile processes for dependent random variables
Authors: Sun Shan , Zhu Wenqing
Published: July 2021

Пусть $\widehat F_n$ - гладкая эмпирическая оценка, полученная интегрированием оценки плотности ядерного типа, построенной по случайной выборке размера $n$ из распределения с непрерывной функцией распределения $F$. В статье изучается отклонение почти наверное между гладким эмпирическим и гладким квантильным процессами при условии $\phi$-перемешивания и при условии сильного перемешивания. Для гладких квантилей в случае $\phi$-перемешивания и в случае сильного перемешивания выводится представление Бахадура-Кифера, как поточечное, так и равномерное. Эти результаты являются распространением результатов Бабу-Сингха (1978) и Ралеску (1992).
О критериях различения хвостов распределений
Authors: Kogut Nikita Sergeevich , Rodionov Igor Vladimirovich
Published: July 2021

В работе предложен критерий различения двух разделимых классов хвостов произвольных распределений, а также доказана его состоятельность. Метод основан на критерии согласия для хвоста произвольного распределения, свойства которого также обсуждаются в работе. Данный критерий - первый критерий согласия для хвоста распределения, предложенный в литературе, который может быть применен для проверки гипотезы согласия с хвостом дискретного распределения. В отличие от подавляющего большинства работ по статистике экстремумов, принадлежность рассматриваемых распределений какой-либо из областей максимального притяжения не предполагается.
Das Drehbuch als Literatur
Authors: Rußegger Arno
Published: July 2021

Ich gestehe ein, daß der gewählte Vortrags/ Aufsatztitel irgendwie tautologisch klingt, ergibt sich daraus doch unweigerlich die Frage, als was denn sonst ein Drehbuch überhaupt betrachtet werden könnte, wenn nicht als Literatur. Man mag sagen: als Gebrauchstext zum Beispiel, nach dem Muster von Kochbüchern, die zwar die Voraussetzung für die schmackhafte Zubereitung bestimmter Speisen darstellen, weil sie die dafür notwendigen Informationen und Direktiven enthalten, zugleich aber darauf angewiesen bleiben, daß es Leute gibt, die deren fachgerechte Umsetzung beherrschen.
Strukturcharakteristika in Reiseprospekten
Authors: Gruntar Jermol Ada
Published: July 2021

Eine wichtige Rolle im Zusammenhang mit der Makrostruktur spielen Titel, die innerhalb des Textes als Gliederungssignale fungieren können. Der Titel ist ein selbständiger Text, der auf einer Metaebene oberhalb des Ko-Textes angesiedelt ist. Er ist Text "über einen Text" und muß daher als "Metatext" bezeichnet werden.
Textsortenklassifikation auf der basus Kommunikativer Grundbedingungen
Authors: Diewald Gabriele
Published: July 2021

Im folgenden wird versucht, eine Basisklassifikation von Textsorten zu entwerfen, die umfassend und nichtwillkürlich ist. Mit "umfassend" ist gemeint, daß nicht nur ein bestimmter Ausschnitt aus dem Spektrum möglicher Sprachverwendungen untersucht wird, sondern daß alle Vorkommen dominant sprachlicher Kommunikation, mit denen ein Sprecher normalerweise konfrontiert ist, einbezogen werden.1 Mit "nichtwillkürlich" ist zum einen gemeint, daß die Wahl der Klassifikationskriterien nicht beliebig, sondern aus relevanten, textexternen Faktoren ableitbar ist. 2 Zum anderen betrifft das Problem der Willkürlichkeit die Frage, ob ein Modell die schlüssige Zurückführung von Texteigenschaften auf entsprechende Klassifikationsmerkmale ermöglicht.
Gebrauchsanweisungen
Authors: Glovacki-Bemardi Zrinjka
Published: July 2021

Bereits vor 20 Jahren stellt Renate Mann fest, daß nur eine Kombination sprachlicher und außersprachlicher Merkmale Kriterien für die Unterscheidung von Textsorten bereitstellen kann.Die Textsorten wurden definiert "( ... ) als charakteristische, überindividuelle Sprech-oder Schreibweisen, die an wiederkehrende und sozial verfestigte (vorgeprägte) Redekonstellationen gebunden sind". Deshalb ist die Untersuchung der in Texten objektivierten, in einer Gesellschaft kodierten sozialen Rollen ihrer Mitglieder, die im Sinne konstitutiver Regeln die Sprecher-Hörer-Beziehung in einem Kommunikationsakt präskribieren, ein wichtiger Bereich der Linguistik.
Textspezifische Distribution der Verbaltempora
Authors: Teržan-Kopecky Karmen
Published: July 2021

Aus dem Buch die Verbalkategorien des Deutschen von Elisabeth Leiss, welches immer wieder zu Reflexionen und Konfrontationen anregt, führe ich als Auftakt und Leitgedanken, auf den ich noch des öfteren zurückgreifen werde, den folgenden Satz an: "Die Zeit verstehen heisst also, durch geistige Beweglichkeit das Räumliche überwinden."
Textsorten - natürliche Sprachformen oder kulturelle Sprachformen?
Authors: Müller Rolf
Published: July 2021

Hinsichtlich dieser Problematik befinden wir uns in der textlinguistischen Begriffsbildung. Textsorte ist ein Begriff der Textlinguistik, der seit der Wende von den 60er zu den 70er Jahren etablierten Disziplin der Sprachwissenschaft. Diese galt damals als neu.1
Vorwort
Authors: Janko Anton
Published: July 2021

"Prototypisches in Textsorten" - unter diesem Rahmenthema veranstaltete die Abteilung für germanische Sprachen und Literaturen, Lehrstuhl deutsche Sprache, an der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität Ljubljana vom 16. bis 18. November 1994 ein Symposion mit internationaler Beteiligung. Sprachwissenschaftler aus Deutschland, Österreich, Tschechien, Kroatien und dem Gastland Slowenien befanden über Resultate der bisherigen Textsortenforschung und - dies vor allem - sie stellten ihre Positionen dazu und ihre eigenen Forschungsergebnisse zur Diskussion. Wir haben die Referate in diesem Sonderheft abgedruckt und erhoffen uns mit ihrer Veröffentlichung eine weiterführende Behandlung des keinesfalls unstrittigen Gegenstandes.
Sprache, Text und Textsorten: zur Problematik von Texttypologie
Authors: Wierschin Martin
Published: July 2021

Textlinguistik und Texttheorie tun sich offenbar schwer damit, Grundsätzliches eindeutig zu definieren und auf diese Weise festzulegen. Was ich damit meine, ist die Tatsache, daß wir zwischen einer geradezu beliebigen Anzahl von Definitionen wählen können, wenn es um den zentralen Begriff  'Text' geht, abhängig nur von den isoliert bzw. kombinatorisch angewandten spezifischen textinternen oder textexternen Parametern, obwohl eine definitive 'Text'-Definition Basis aller Reflektionen über linguistische Textsorten und Texttypologien sein sollte. Sicher beruht die Schwierigkeit einer 'Text' -Definition unmittelbar auf der Schwierigkeit, das Phänomen 'Sprache' - per se als differentia specifica des Menschen und als einzelsprachliche Konkretisierung dieser differentia specifica- auf einen definitorischen Nenner zu bringen, weil die Komplexität dieses Phänomens 'Sprache' und die sinnlich-irrationalen Valenzen dieses geistigseelischen Intentionalitäts-Vehikels unseres Bewußtseins (im Sinne Edmund Husserls) unsere theoretisch-rationalen Festlegungsbemühungen immer wieder vereiteln, woraus Ludwig Wittgenstein die logische Konsequenz zog, neben die historisch gewachsene und 'verwachsene' 'Umgangssprache' eine schlicht-exakte philosophische 'Idealsprache' setzen zu wollen.
Medienwirksame Neologismen in der deutschen Gegenwartssprache
Authors: Jesenšek Vida
Published: July 2021

Neue oder veränderte Gegebenheiten in der außersprachlichen Realität, neue Sach­ verhalte, Arbeitsbereiche, Wissensgebiete und Konzepte verlangen entsprechende Veränderungen in der Sprache, welche die weltliche Realitat sowie die geistige Welt der Sprachbenutzer widerspiegelt. Es ist eine Tatsache, daß gerade der Wortschatz diejenige Komponente der Sprache ist, die den ständigen Veränderungen und Wandlungsprozes­ sen am meisten unterliegt und daß diese in immer wieder neuen kognitiven und kom­ munikativen Bedürfnissen einer Sprachgemeinschaft begründet sind. Es entstehen zahlreiche neue Wörter - Neologismen, die als lexikalische Entsprechungen verän­ derter außersprachlicher Bedingungen der Kommunikation zu interpretieren sind.
Nominalisierungen als Beispiel geschwächter syntaktischer Konstruktionen
Authors: Petrič Teodor
Published: July 2021

In unserer Arbeitshypothese postulieren wir die Existenz von einerseits verstärk­ ten und entsprechenden nichtverstärkten syntaktischen Konstruktionen und andererseits die Existenz von geschwächten und entsprechenden nichtgeschwachten syntaktischen Konstruktionen. Unsere Grundannahme besagt folgendes: Am Anfang (d.h. im Stadium, in wel­ chem eine Konstruktion nur als eine syntaktische Variante eines anderen Ausdrucks zu werten und noch nicht grammatikalisiert ist) behaupten sich verstärkte Konstruktionen vorzugsweise unter relativ komplizierten (markierten) grammatischen Verhältnissen und verbreiten sich in ihrer späteren Entwicklung unter Umständen auch unter weniger komplizierten grammatischen Verhältnissen. Geschwächte Konstruktionen dagegen be­ haupten sich am Anfang vorzugsweise unter relativ einfachen (weniger markierten) grammatischen Verhältnissen und verbreiten sich spater möglicherweise auch unter weniger einfachen grammatischen Verhältnissen.
Slowenische Ortsnamen in Latein
Authors: Hrovatič Renata
Published: July 2021

Da Latein noch immer auch eine Kommunikationssprache (in geschriebener als auch gesprochener Form) ist, muß sie weiterentwickelt werden, um auch die Erschei­ nungen der modernen Zeit ausdrücken zu können. Einer der Bereiche, der normiert werden muß, ist der Bereich der Eigennamen.
Le lingue indoeuropee, a cura di A. Giacalone Ramat, P. Ramat, Bologna: Il Mulino, 1993, pp. 522; nuova edizione: Bologna: Il Mulino, 1994.
Authors: Bonfante Giuliano
Published: July 2021

I due Ramat ànno ideato e diretto l'òpera, affidando a uno specialista l'esposizione della grammàtica stòrica di ogni lingua (solo P. Ramat si è occupato del germànico). Darò quindi un'esposizione crítica di ognuno di questi lavori, e alla fine darò un giu­ dizio crítico di tutta l'òpera.
Saggi dialettologici in area italo-romanza, Nuova raccolta, a cura di Giovan Battista Pellegrini; Centro Studio per la Dialettologia Italiana «0. Parlangèli»; Consiglio Na­ zionale delle Ricerche, [Padova 1995], 259 pagine
Authors: Tekavčić Pavao
Published: July 2021

La già  ricca  dialettologia  italiana, che  vanta tante ricerche, studi, riviste, atlanti e altri sussidi ancora, si è arricchita recentemente del volume miscellaneo qui recensito. Con le parole del curatore (p. V), questa Nuova raccolta è la continuazione del primo volume, edito nel 1993 [Raccolta di saggi lessicali in area veneta e alpina, Belluno]: infatti, alcuni autori dichiarano che i loro contributi si riconnettono a quelli di due anni fa. Alla Presentazione (pp. V-VI, non 1 come stampato nel sommario, p. VII) seguono dieci contributi di varia lunghezza. In cake si trova la cartina Toponomastica alto-ate­ sina (p. 258), l'elenco dei toponimi prediali in -anum in Alto Adige, da coHegarsi pro­ babilmente con ilprimo contributo (p. 259) e, fuori paginazione, la carta dell' Alto Veneta (Provincia Belluno-Cadore ). Il libro non contiene indici.
Arnulf Stefenelli, Das Schicksal des lateinischen Wortschatzes in den romanischen Sprachen, Passauer Schriften zu Sprache und Literatur, Bd.6, Passau 1992, 365 S.
Authors: Skubic Mitja
Published: July 2021

L'Autore, professore di filologia romanza all'Universita di Passau, è un noto ricer­ catore nell'area della transizione dal latino al romanzo. Piu particolarmente  si è occu­ pato degli dementi linguistici che, nei testi latini, annunciano le grandi innovazioni le quali dovevano maturare nella prima fase del romanzo. Basti pensare che il primo suo lavoro in materia risale al lontano 1962. Pensiamo alla classica trattazione della lingua di Petronio, Die  Volkssprache im Werk des Petron  im Hinblick  auf die  romanischen Sprachen. II lavoro  che qui presento  è dunque un  opus magnum  dell'autore,  il  risultato delle fruttuose ricerche degli ultimi trent'anni. Non possiamo sfuggire alla tentazione di menzionare che l'Autore, non molto tempo fa, ha voluto onorare anche la nostra rivista pubblicando un prezioso contributo sul passaggio dal lessico latino al lessico italiano.
Small Bowel Intussusception due to Multiple Intestinal Metastases from Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Limaiem Faten , Bouraoui Saadia
Published: July 2021

Metastatic small bowel tumors are rare. They often present with small bowel occlusion, bleeding, perforation, or intestinal intussusception. Pulmonary adenocarcinoma with metastasis to the small intestine causing intussusception is exceedingly rare. A 72-yearold male patient with a past medical history of left lung adenocarcinoma, presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain and vomiting. On admission, an X-ray of the abdomen without preparation showed some hydroaeric levels on the small intestine. The abdominopelvic  computed tomography (CT) scan revealed an ileo-ileal invagination, with an image of the invagination rod. The patient underwent a  surgical resection of the small bowel with the removal of the ischemic areas and immediate anastomosis. Macroscopic examination of the surgical specimen revealed five tumor masses varying in size between 1 and 4 cm. The histological examination of the samples taken from these tumors, coupled with an immunohistochemical study confirmed the diagnosis of intestinal metastases of pulmonary origin  expressing cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1) but negative for CK20, chromogranin, and synaptophysin. The  postoperative course was uneventful, and the symptoms transiently recovered. However, the patient died 3 months later. We should consider multiple metastatic lesions in adult intussusception, especially in patients with a past medical history of lung cancer.
Objective Measurement of Impact of Bench Laparoscopic Training in Novices
Authors: Thimmegowda Prashanth Annayyanapalya , Lakshman Krish , Reddy Rajashekara , Nale Sachin , Ravishanka Ravishanka
Published: July 2021

Background: We are currently in the era of laparoscopic surgery. It has gained popularity in the last few decades because of its well- known advantages. Laparoscopy requires different skills from those of open surgery. In a paradigm shift, learning basic surgical skills is now performed more in the skills laboratory than in the operation theater. However, there is a lack of reliable training and assessment tools for laparoscopic surgical skills. This study aimed to objectively assess the effect of bench laparoscopic training in novices.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted at the Clinical Skills Centre of Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute (BMCRI) in Bangalore, India. Sixty interns with no previous experience in laparoscopy were included. They underwent supervised training on the box trainer for 3 days, 2 hours a day, in basic surgical  tasks, including pointing dots, joining straight lines, joining curved lines, picking objects, peg transfer, and circle cut. All participants were assessed objectively in a virtual reality (VR) simulator before and after training. The objective outcomes measured were time taken, distance traveled, and error scores given by the VR simulator metrics.

Results: The novices showed statistically significant improvement in all the tasks after the training compared with their skill levels before  the training.

Conclusion: Structured short-term training significantly improves basic laparoscopic surgery skills.