bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tropical coral reef system hydrodynamics in the western Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Riveron-Enzastiga Mayra Lorena , Carbajal Noel , Salas-Monreal David
Published: April 2016

The acoustic Doppler current profiler, temperature, salinity and density data set were recorded monthly over the course of a year in a tropical coral reef system to elucidate the effects of abrupt bathymetric changes on current variability and surface temperature over time. A minimum of five transect repetitions were performed during one diurnal tidal cycle each month during the year 2008. According to the empirical orthogonal functions, the dominant terms were advection and friction due to the shallowness of the system and the relatively short continental shelf located in front of the Port of Veracruz (Mexico). The data showed the dominance of the northwest-southeast current velocity components (parallel to the coast) attributed to the winds. The southeastward current velocity was the dominant component throughout the year, followed by the northwestward current velocity component. The data suggested that coral reefs produce current rectification near the shallow reef areas (1 m depth). No correlation existed between surface temperature and the chlorophyll-a levels throughout the year. Residual current velocities throughout the year never reached more than 50 cm –1 during the sampling periods, and the surface temperature varied from 21 to 30°C, with the highest temperature being observed near the coast and reefs. Finally there was a direct correlation of the northeasterly and strong northwesterly winds with the well-mixed cold-salty water column in the reef area.
Le rire cordial dans les demandes téléphoniques par de jeunes infirmières à l’hôpital
Authors: González-Martínez Esther , Petitjean Cécile
Published: April 2016

Cet article se base sur l’analyse conversationnelle d’un corpus d’appels téléphoniques entre de jeunes infirmières diplômées, qui se trouvent dans la première année d’engagement à l’hôpital, et d’autres membres du personnel hospitalier. L’activité principale de ces appels est une demande de l’infirmière adressée à son interlocuteur. Lors de ces appels, il arrive fréquemment que l’infirmière produise des particules de rire – avant, pendant ou après un tour de parole – qui ne sont pas associées à des activités humoristiques telles que des blagues ou des moqueries, et qui ne sont ni précédées ni suivies de rire par l’interlocuteur de l’infirmière. Ces rires, brefs et ténus, sont parfois associés à la production par l’infirmière de tours de parole avec une voix souriante et/ou à des ressources langagières telles que des formules de politesse. Dans cet article, nous examinons ces rires dans plusieurs contextes séquentiels en mettant en évidence leur rapport avec l’activité de demande accomplie lors de l’appel. Ces rires permettent à l’infirmière de minimiser des aspects problématiques de la demande ou de son traitement, en introduisant une touche de cordialité dans ses interventions. Les dimensions pratiques et relationnelles du rire concourent à l’avancement de l’activité, ce vers quoi s’oriente l’interlocuteur de l’infirmière dans sa réponse. Cet article contribue ainsi à la réflexion sur les fonctions du rire en contexte professionnel ainsi qu’à l’étude des compétences interactionnelles mobilisées par la jeune infirmière dans ses activités professionnelles.
The Opportunity To Eradicate Peste des Petits Ruminants
Authors: Mariner Jeffrey C. , Jones Bryony A. , Rich Karl M. , Thevasagayam Samuel , Anderson John , Jeggo Martyn , Cai Yi , Peters Andrew R. , Roeder Peter L.
Published: April 2016

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly infectious disease of sheep and goats that is caused by PPR virus, a member of the genus Morbillivirus that includes the viruses that cause rinderpest (RP) in cattle. RP was the first animal disease to be globally eradicated in 2011 and is only the second disease, after smallpox, to have ever been eradicated. PPR is one of the principal constraints to small ruminant production in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. The epidemiology of PPR and RP as well as the technologies available for their diagnosis and control are similar. The conditions that favored the eradication of RP are also largely present for PPR. In this work, we outline the evolving strategy for eradication in light of current opportunities and challenges, as well as the lessons from other eradication programs in animal and human health. The global PPR situation and technology for its control are summarized. A strategy based on the lessons from previous eradication efforts that integrate epidemiology, social science, and economics as tools to target and motivate vaccination is summarized. Major aspects of the cost and benefit-cost analysis of the indicated program are presented. The overall undiscounted cost of eradication was estimated as $3.1 billion, and the benefit-cost ratio for the most likely scenario was estimated at 33.8. We close with a discussion of the possible next steps.
Transperitoneal laparoscopic treatment for recurrence of a giant multilocular prostatic cystadenoma: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Abed El Rahman Davide , Zago Tiziano , Verduci Giuseppe , Baroni Gianpaolo , Berardinelli Marco Lorenzo , Pea Umberto , Morandi Eugenio , Castoldi Marco
Published: April 2016

Giant multilocular prostatic cystadenomas (GMPC) are very rare benign tumors that originate from the prostate with extensive spread into the pelvis. The lesion may present as large abdominal mass causing obstructive voiding dysfunction and usually not invading adjacent structures. All of the previously reported patients with GMPC underwent open surgery. Although the natural history of prostatic cystadenoma remains unknown, complete surgical excision may not always be necessary. We report the case of a 74-year-old male who presented a retrovesical recurrence of prostatic cystoadenoma after 16 years, treated with a laparoscopic approach. To our knowledge this is the first case of laparoscopic management of GMPC. In this article we review the current literature about this rare tumor and discuss the diagnostic and management dilemmas posed by this rare pathologic condition. We believe that physicians should at least be aware of the existence of this disease in the differential diagnosis of pelvic cavity tumours and, considering the benignity of GMPC, they should propose -as first- a minimally invasive approach.
3T MR-guided minimally-invasive penile fracture repair
Authors: Rosi Giovanni , Fontanella Paolo , Venzi Giordano , Jermini Fernando , Del Grande Filippo
Published: April 2016

We present the case of a 21 year old patient with an incomplete tear of the tunica albuginea occurred after violent masturbation. The diagnostic assessment was performed first clinically, then with ultrasound and with 3 Tesla MRI. 3 Tesla MRI, owing to its high resolution, allowed to exactly detect the tear location leading to precise preoperative planning. After adequate diagnosis through imaging and proper planning, we were able to perform a selective minimally invasive surgical approach to repair the lesion.
Subjective experience of diagnosis and treatment in two adolescents with first-episode schizophrenia
Authors: Abarzua Marianella , Venegas Francisco , Hidalgo Ximena
Published: April 2016

The results of a qualitative study on the subjective experience of two adolescents in treatment for first-episode schizophrenia (FESZ) are presented here. We reconstructed the relevant aspects of the diagnosis and treatment processes based on the elaboration of said experience carried out by the participants. We therefore incorporated the perspective of the patients, family members and psychotherapists. The recovery from FESZ, understood as a positive adaptation to the experience of psychosis, is closely connected with the possibility of the adolescent to re-embark on his/her biographical trajectory. In this sense, the concept of recovery from FESZ increasingly emphasizes the subjective dimension of this process. The aim of the study is to understand the subjective experience of diagnosis and treatment processes from the perspective of two patients with FESZ who received comprehensive treatment in the Chilean public health system, their family members and their psychotherapists. The study performed semi-structured interviews and a qualitative content analysis in order to understand and describe, from their perspectives, the subjective experiences associated with the processes of diagnosis and treatment of FESZ. The inclusion of patients, relatives and psychotherapists allowed complementing the perspectives on the phenomenon under study. The results suggest that the central phenomena of appropriation of FESZ and resistance to the appropriation of FESZ are relevant in the accounts of these two cases. The familyâ€™s emotional climate associated with the experience of FESZ converge in these phenomena, as well as the participation of the adolescent in the processes of diagnosis and treatment, specifically as these processes favor or hinder an appropriation of the psychopathological experience and this enables the reestablishment of the autobiographical continuity. Appropriation of FESZ seems to rely on future prospects that preserve some possibility of performing prior potentialities and expectations, or at least to adapt them in a tolerable way for the adolescents and their environment. Such findings highlight the relevance of developing interventions that encourage more hopeful future perspectives for individuals facing a first psychotic episode and their families.
The Lausanne Trilogue Play within the outcome evaluation in infant mental health: a preliminary report
Authors: Gatta Michela , Sisti Marta , Sudati Laura , Miscioscia Marina , Simonelli Alessandra
Published: April 2016

This study aims to contribute to the scientific debate about the evaluation of the intervention in infant mental health and presents the main results after one year of intervention based on integrated types of treatments (psychodynamic psychotherapy for the child/adolescent, parental support and observation and assessment of family interactions). Furthermore, the study aims to explore the use of the Lausanne Trilogue Play (LTP) as a new assessment tool for planning the of treatments. The sample consists of 23 children and adolescents, aged between 4 and 17 years old, and their families, attending the Infancy, Adolescence and Family Service, Local Health Unit 16 of Padua due to their psychopathological problems. In order to assess their psychological conditions we used the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) to evaluate psycho-behavioral problems and the LTP to assess family interactions. The CBCL was used at the time of the diagnostic assessment (T0) and after 12 months of treatment (T12). Concerning the application of LTP, the sample was divided randomly in two groups: one where LTP was used in two different time intervals during therapy (T0 and T12) and another one where it was used in three different time intervals during therapy (T0, T6 and T12) with a video-feedback intervention at time T6. Results report a favorable outcome in regards of the gravity of patientsâ€™ symptoms, displaying, after one year of treatment, a statistical significant decrease in the clinical level of internalizing symptoms. In terms of family interactions, results show stability within the family patterns except for a statistically significant deterioration in the management of interactive mistakes. Regarding the use of LTP as evaluator of the above intervention, the study shows that the assessment of familyâ€™s interactions during long-term psychotherapy helps clinicians focus the intervention on those aspects that remain dysfunctional. These results and the possible interpretations, however, emphasize the need for further studies on this topic.
Spiritual formation and the nurturing of creative spirituality: A case study in Proverbs
Authors: Viljoen Anneke
Published: April 2016

The article is positioned in the interface between Old Testament scholarship and the discipline of spiritual direction of which spiritual formation is a component. The contribution that a Ricoeurian hermeneutic may make in unlocking the potential which an imaginal engagement with the book of Proverbs may hold for the discipline of spiritual formation was explored. Specifically three aspects of the text of Proverbs illustrated the creative process at work in the text, and how it converges with the concept of spiritual formation and the nurturing of creative spirituality. These aspects were, the development in Lady Wisdom�s discourses, the functional definition of the fear of Yahweh (illustrated from Proverbs 10:1�15:33), and the paradigmatic character of the book of Proverbs.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The research is positioned in the interface between Old Testament studies and Practical Theology. The research results in the enhancement of the interdisciplinary dialogue and interchange of resources between the named disciplines with regard to the interest in formation of persons that the biblical book of Proverbs and the discipline of spiritual formation shares.Keywords: Spiritual formation; fear of Yahweh; Proverbs; Wisdom; Hermeneutics; Paul Ricoeur; Symbolic world; Textual reference
Development of Candida-Specific Real-Time PCR Assays for the Detection and Identification of Eight Medically Important Candida Species
Authors: Zhang Jing , Hung Guo-Chiuan , Nagamine Kenjiro , Li Bingjie , Tsai Shien , Lo Shyh-Ching
Published: April 2016

Culture-based identification methods have been the gold standard for the diagnosis of fungal infection. Currently, molecular technologies such as real-time PCR assays with short turnaround time can provide desirable alternatives for the rapid detection of Candida microbes. However, most of the published PCR primer sets are not Candida specific and likely to amplify DNA from common environmental contaminants, such as Aspergillus microbes. In this study, we designed pan- Candida primer sets based on the ribosomal DNA-coding regions conserved within Candida but distinct from those of Aspergillus and Penicillium. We demonstrate that the final two selected pan- Candida primer sets would not amplify Aspergillus DNA and could be used to differentiate eight medically important Candida pathogens in real-time PCR assays based on their melting profiles, with a sensitivity of detection as low as 10 fg of Candida genomic DNA. Moreover, we further evaluated and selected species-specific primer sets covering Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, and Candida dubliniensis and show that they had high sensitivity and specificity. These real-time PCR primer sets could potentially be assembled into a single PCR array for the rapid detection of Candida species in various clinical settings, such as corneal transplantation.
Red Bull, un ejemplo paradigmático de las nuevas estrategias de comunicación de las marcas en el entorno digital
Authors: Sanchis-Roca Gemma , Canós-Cerdá Elvira , Maestro-Cano Santiago
Published: April 2016

En la presente investigación nos vamos a centrar en los contenidos on line que ofrece la marca Red Bull ya sea a través de su web www.redbull.tv o de su App Red Bull TV. Red Bull como marca necesita destacar de entre todo el ruido publicitario, necesita hacerse notar y llegar hasta sus consumidores, pero hoy en día las audiencias están fragmentadas, las audiencias no están sometidas al dictado programático de las televisiones. Cada vez más, y sobre todo en el público joven, que es aquel con el que más se identifica esta marca, es un público activo que genera sus propias parrillas de programación, que busca aquello que realmente quiere ver. Entonces, ¿cómo una marca logra que se le escuche? a través del Rock&Love: sorprender y dar amor. Hipótesis: Nuestra hipótesis de partida es que Red Bull, en la búsqueda de conexión con su público, les ofrece contenidos de su interés que les reafirma en su acercamiento a la marca, y así lograr el Rock&Love. Objetivos: De acuerdo con la hipótesis, son tres los objetivos que van a guiar la presente investigación: el primero, conocer las claves de Red Bull en el entorno digital. El segundo, realizar un análisis de los contenidos utilizados por la marca para aproximarse a sus usuarios teniendo en cuenta los nuevos hábitos de consumo. El tercero, analizar la diferencia de contenidos según el medio en que se difunde. Metodología: Para corroborar o no nuestra hipótesis participaremos del método cualitativo y del método cuantitativo. Las técnicas a utilizar son la observación documental y el análisis de contenido. Conclusiones: Este análisis de contenido Ad Hoc ha permitido la obtención de datos cuantitativos y nos ha facilitado la aproximación a nuestros objetivos de forma cualitativa y de esta forma, se ha logrado dar respuesta a la hipótesis de partida y confirmar que la marca recurre al Rock&Love en los contenidos que muestran a través de las diferentes plataformas de Red Bull TV.
Attribution of atmospheric sulfur dioxide over the English Channel to dimethyl sulfide and changing ship emissions
Authors: Yang Mingxi , Bell Thomas G. , Hopkins Frances E. , Smyth Timothy J.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Atmospheric sulfur dioxide (SO2) was measured continuously from the Penlee Point Atmospheric Observatory (PPAO) near Plymouth, United Kingdom, between May 2014 and November 2015. This coastal site is exposed to marine air across a wide wind sector. The predominant southwesterly winds carry relatively clean background Atlantic air. In contrast, air from the southeast is heavily influenced by exhaust plumes from ships in the English Channel as well as near Plymouth Sound. A new International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulation came into force in January 2015 to reduce the maximum allowed sulfur content in ships' fuel 10-fold in sulfur emission control areas such as the English Channel. Our observations suggest a 3-fold reduction in ship-emitted SO2 from 2014 to 2015. Apparent fuel sulfur content calculated from coincidental SO2 and carbon dioxide (CO2) peaks from local ship plumes show a high level of compliance to the IMO regulation (> 95 %) in both years (∼  70 % of ships in 2014 were already emitting at levels below the 2015 cap). Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is an important source of atmospheric SO2 even in this semi-polluted region. The relative contribution of DMS oxidation to the SO2 burden over the English Channel increased from about one-third in 2014 to about one-half in 2015 due to the reduction in ship sulfur emissions. Our diel analysis suggests that SO2 is removed from the marine atmospheric boundary layer in about half a day, with dry deposition to the ocean accounting for a quarter of the total loss.
Uptake of gaseous formaldehyde by soil surfaces: a combination of adsorption/desorption equilibrium and chemical reactions
Authors: Li Guo , Su Hang , Li Xin , Kuhn Uwe , Meusel Hannah , Hoffmann Thorsten , Ammann Markus , Pöschl Ulrich , Shao Min , Cheng Yafang
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Gaseous formaldehyde (HCHO) is an important precursor of OH radicals and a key intermediate molecule in the oxidation of atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Budget analyses reveal large discrepancies between modeled and observed HCHO concentrations in the atmosphere. Here, we investigate the interactions of gaseous HCHO with soil surfaces through coated-wall flow tube experiments applying atmospherically relevant HCHO concentrations of ~ 10 to 40 ppbv. For the determination of uptake coefficients (γ), we provide a Matlab code to account for the diffusion correction under laminar flow conditions. Under dry conditions (relative humidity = 0 %), an initial γ of (1.1 ± 0.05) × 10−4 is determined, which gradually drops to (5.5 ± 0.4) × 10−5 after 8-hour experiments. Experiments under wet conditions show a smaller γ that drops faster over time until reaching a plateau. The drop of γ with increasing relative humidity and over time can both be explained by the adsorption theory in which high surface coverage leads to a reduced uptake rate. The fact that γ stabilizes at a non-zero plateau suggests the involvement of irreversible chemical reactions. Further back-flushing experiments show that two thirds of the adsorbed HCHO can be re-emitted into the gas phase while the residual is retained by the soil. This partial reversibility confirms that HCHO uptake by soil is a complex process involving both adsorption/desorption and chemical reactions which must be considered in trace gas exchange (emission or deposition) at the atmosphere-soil interface. Our results suggest that soil and soil-derived airborne particles can either act as a source or a sink for HCHO, depending on ambient conditions and HCHO concentrations.
Interannual Variability of Ammonia Concentrations over the United States: Sources and Implications
Authors: Schiferl Luke D. , Heald Colette L. , Van Damme Martin , Clarisse Lieven , Clerbaux Cathy , Coheur Pierre-François , Nowak John B. , Neuman J. Andrew , Herndon Scott C. , Roscioli Joseph R. , Eilerman Scott J.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. The variability of atmospheric ammonia (NH3), emitted largely from agricultural sources, is an important factor when considering how inorganic fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations and nitrogen cycling are changing over the United States. This study combines new observations of ammonia concentration from the surface, aboard aircraft, and retrieved by satellite to both evaluate the simulation of ammonia in a chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) and identify which processes control the variability of these concentrations over a 5-year period (2008–2012). We find that the model generally underrepresents the ammonia concentration near large source regions and fails to reproduce the extent of interannual variability observed at the surface during the summer (JJA). Variability in the base simulation surface ammonia concentration is dominated by meteorology (64 %) as compared to reductions in SO2 and NOx emissions imposed by regulation (32 %) over this period. Introduction of year-to-year varying ammonia emissions based on animal population, fertilizer application, and meteorologically driven volatilization does not substantially improve the model comparison with observed ammonia concentrations, and these ammonia emissions changes have little effect on the simulated ammonia concentration variability compared to those caused by the variability of meteorology and acid-precursor emissions. There is also little effect on the PM2.5 concentration due to ammonia emissions variability in the summer when gas-phase changes are favored, but variability in wintertime emissions, as well as in early spring and late fall, will have a larger impact on PM2.5 formation. Further, this work highlights the need for continued improvement in both satellite-based and in situ ammonia measurements to better constrain the magnitude and impacts of spatial and temporal variability in ammonia concentrations.
Interannual variability of temperature in the UTLS region over Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna river basin based on COSMIC GNSS RO data
Authors:   Khandu, Awange Joseph L. , Forootan Ehsan
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Poor reliability of radiosonde records across South Asia imposes serious challenges in understanding the structure of upper-tropospheric and lower-stratospheric (UTLS) region. The Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) mission launched in April 2006 has overcome many observational limitations inherent in conventional atmospheric sounding instruments. This study examines the interannual variability of UTLS temperature over the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna (GBM) river basin in South Asia using monthly averaged COSMIC radio occultation (RO) data, together with two global reanalyses. Comparisons between August 2006 and December 2013 indicate that MERRA (Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research Application) and ERA-Interim (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis) are warmer than COSMIC RO data by 2 °C between 200 and 50 hPa levels. These warm biases with respect to COSMIC RO data are found to be consistent over time. The UTLS temperature show considerable interannual variability from 2006 to 2013 in addition to warming (cooling) trends in the troposphere (stratosphere). The cold (warm) anomalies in the upper troposphere (tropopause region) are found to be associated with warm ENSO (El Niño–Southern Oscillation) phase, while quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is negatively (positively) correlated with temperature anomalies at 70 hPa (50 hPa) level. PCA (principal component analysis) decomposition of tropopause temperatures and heights over the basin indicate that ENSO accounts for 73 % of the interannual (non-seasonal) variability with a correlation of 0.77 with Niño3.4 index whereas the QBO explains about 10 % of the variability. The largest tropopause anomaly associated with ENSO occurs during the winter, when ENSO reaches its peak. The tropopause temperature (height) increased (decreased) by about 1.5 °C (300 m) during the last major El Niño event of 2009/2010. In general, we find decreasing (increasing) trend in tropopause temperature (height) between 2006 and 2013.
Building a traceable climate model hierarchy with multi-level emulators
Authors: Tran Giang T. , Oliver Kevin I. C. , Sóbester András , Toal David J. J. , Holden Philip B. , Marsh Robert , Challenor Peter , Edwards Neil R.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. To study climate change on multi-millennial timescales or to explore a model's parameter space, efficient models with simplified and parameterised processes are required. However, the reduction in explicitly modelled processes can lead to underestimation of some atmospheric responses that are essential to the understanding of the climate system. While more complex general circulations are available and capable of simulating a more realistic climate, they are too computationally intensive for these purposes. In this work, we propose a multi-level Gaussian emulation technique to efficiently estimate the outputs of steady-state simulations of an expensive atmospheric model in response to changes in boundary forcing. The link between a computationally expensive atmospheric model, PLASIM (Planet Simulator), and a cheaper model, EMBM (energy–moisture balance model), is established through the common boundary condition specified by an ocean model, allowing for information to be propagated from one to the other. This technique allows PLASIM emulators to be built at a low cost. The method is first demonstrated by emulating a scalar summary quantity, the global mean surface air temperature. It is then employed to emulate the dimensionally reduced 2-D surface air temperature field. Even though the two atmospheric models chosen are structurally unrelated, Gaussian process emulators of PLASIM atmospheric variables are successfully constructed using EMBM as a fast approximation. With the extra information gained from the cheap model, the multi-level emulator of PLASIM's 2-D surface air temperature field is built using only one-third the amount of expensive data required by the normal single-level technique. The constructed emulator is shown to capture 93.2 % of the variance across the validation ensemble, with the averaged RMSE of 1.33 °C. Using the method proposed, quantities from PLASIM can be constructed and used to study the effects introduced by PLASIM's atmosphere.
Clumped isotopes in near surface atmospheric CO2 over land, coast and ocean in Taiwan and its vicinity
Authors: Laskar Amzad H. , Liang Mao-Chang
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Molecules containing two rare isotopes (e.g., 13C18O16O in CO2), called clumped isotopes, are powerful tools to provide an alternative way to independently constrain the sources of CO2 in the atmosphere because of their unique physical and chemical properties. We present clumped isotope data (Δ47) in near surface atmospheric CO2 from urban, sub-urban, ocean, coast, high mountain (~3.3 km a.s.l.) and forest in Taiwan and its vicinity. The primary goal of the study is to use the unique Δ47 signature in air CO2 to show the extents of its deviations from thermodynamic equilibrium due to different processes in a variety of environments, which the commonly used tracers such as δ13C and δ18O cannot provide. We also explore the potential of Δ47 in air CO2 to identify/quantify the contribution from various sources. Atmospheric CO2 over ocean is found to be in thermodynamic equilibrium with the surrounding surface sea water. Also respired CO2 is in close thermodynamic equilibrium at ambient air temperature. In contrast, photosynthetic activity results in significant deviation in Δ47 values from that expected thermodynamically demonstrated using CO2 collected from a controlled greenhouse. The disequilibrium could be a consequence of kinetic effects associated with the diffusion of CO2 in and out of the leaf stomata. We also observe that δ18O and Δ47 behave differently in response to photosynthesis unlike simple water-CO2 exchange where the time scale of equilibration of the two is similar. Additionally, the measured Δ47 values in car exhaust CO2 are significantly lower than the atmospheric CO2 but higher than that expected at the combustion temperature. In urban and sub-urban regions, the Δ47 values are found to be lower than the thermodynamic equilibrium values at the ambient temperature, suggesting contributions from local combustion emissions.
Heat waves in Africa 1981–2015, observations and reanalysis
Authors: Ceccherini G. , Russo S. , Ameztoy I. , Marchese A. F. , Carmona-Moreno C.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. The purpose of this article is to show the extreme temperature regime of heat waves across Africa over recent years (1981–2015). Heat waves have been quantified using the Heat Wave Magnitude Index daily (HWMId), which merges the duration and the intensity of extreme temperature events into a single numerical index. The HWMId enables a comparison between heat waves with different timing and location, and it has been applied to maximum and minimum temperature records. The time series used in this study have been derived from: (1) observations from the Global Summary of the Day (GSOD); and (2) reanalysis data from ERA-INTERIM. The analysis show an increasing numbers of heat waves of both maxima and minima temperatures in the last decades. Results from heat wave analysis of maximum temperature (HWMIdtx) indicate an increase in intensity and frequency of extreme events. Specifically, from 1996 onwards it is possible to observe HWMIdtx spread with the maximum presence during 2006–2015. Between 2006 and 2015 the frequency (spatial coverage) of extreme heat waves had increased to 24.5 observations (60.1 % of land cover) per year, as compared to 12.3 (37.3 % of land area) per year in the period from 1981 to 2005 for GSOD stations (reanalysis).
The role of sexual vs. asexual recruitment of Artemisia wudanica in transition zone habitats between inter-dune lowlands and active dunes in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Wang Yongcui , Alberto Busso Carlos , Jiang Deming , Ala Musa , Li Xuehua , Zhou Quanlai , Lin Jixiang , Ren Guohua , Jia Lian
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Artemisia wudanica is an endemic, perennial, pioneering psammophyte species in the sand dune ecosystems of western Horqin Sand Land in northern China. However, no studies have addressed how sexual and asexual reproduction modes of A. wudanica perform at the transitional zones between active dune inter-dune lowlands and active dunes. In early spring, quadrats were randomly set up in the study area to monitor surviving seedling and/or ramet density and frequency coming from sexual/asexual reproduction of A. wudanica. Iron sticks were inserted near each quadrat to determine wind erosion intensity (WE). Additionally, soil samples were collected nearby each quadrat to test for soil moisture (SM), organic matter (OM) and pH. Surviving seedlings of A. wudanica showed an inverse response in comparison with ramets to SM, OM and WE. Soil moisture showed the most positive effect, and WE the negative effect, on surviving, sexual reproduction seedlings. Contrarily, WE had the most positive effect, and SM the negative effect, on asexual reproduction ramets. This suggests that increases in SM and decreases in WE should benefit recruitment of A. wudanica seedlings. On the contrary, ramets coming from asexual reproduction showed a different response to environmental factors in transition zone habitats. While SM was not a key constraint for the survival of seedlings, they showed a better, positive response to wind erosion environments. Overall, various study environmental parameters could be improved to foster A. wudanica invasion and settlement in the plant community through different reproductive modes, thereby promoting vegetation restoration and rehabilitation.
Distributed snow and rock temperature modelling in steep rock walls using Alpine3D
Authors: Haberkorn Anna , Wever Nander , Hoelzle Martin , Phillips Marcia , Kenner Robert , Bavay Mathias , Lehning Michael
Published: April 2016

Abstract. In this study we modelled the influence of the spatially and temporally heterogeneous snow cover on the surface energy balance and its impact on rock temperatures in two rugged, steep rock walls on the Gemsstock ridge, central Swiss Alps. The model used is the distributed, process based energy balance model Alpine3D in combination with a precipitation scaling method to introduce varying snow distribution. Near-surface rock temperatures are modelled for snow-covered and snow-free scenarios. The performance of Alpine3D, its limitations and uncertainties are discussed and evaluated against a dense network of 30 near-surface rock temperature measurements (0.1 m depth) distributed over both rock walls and high resolution (0.2 m) snow depth data derived from four winter terrestrial laser scans. Snow cover distribution and near-surface rock temperatures are convincingly modelled in the heterogeneous rock walls. The correction of winter precipitation input using a precipitation scaling method based on terrestrial laser scans greatly improves the results. In addition, the fine-scale resolution of the model domain (0.2 m) and of the validation data allows to consider the thermal effects of the strongly varying micro-topography and micro-climate in the rock walls. Mean annual near-surface rock temperature increase by 2 °C in the shaded rock wall and of 1 °C in the sun-exposed one were measured and modelled due to the accumulation of snow. Errors in rock temperature simulations can be explained by a lack of modelled lateral heat fluxes, as well as by errors caused by interpolation of wind and shortwave radiation.
Temporal evolution of weak layer and slab properties in view of snow instability
Authors: Schweizer Jürg , Reuter Benjamin , van Herwijnen Alec , Richter Bettina , Gaume Johan
Published: April 2016

Abstract. If a weak snow layer below a cohesive slab is present in the snow cover, unstable snow conditions can prevail for days or even weeks. We monitored the temporal evolution of a weak layer of faceted crystals as well as the overlaying slab layers at the location of an automatic weather station in the Steintälli field site above Davos (Eastern Swiss Alps). We focussed on the crack propagation propensity and performed propagation saw tests on seven sampling days during a two-month period from early January to early March 2015. Based on video images taken during the tests we determined the mechanical properties of the slab and the weak layer and compared them to the results derived from concurrently performed measurements of penetration resistance using the snow micro-penetrometer (SMP). The critical cut length, observed in PSTs, showed a distinct pattern of temporal evolution that differed from the trend of other mechanical properties suggesting that it is not possible to assess crack propagation propensity by simply monitoring some of the relevant mechanical properties. A simple sensitivity study showed the complex interplay between these properties. Traditional and newly-developed metrics of snow instability describing either the failure initiation or the crack propagation propensity, calculated from simulated snow stratigraphy (SNOWPACK) or derived from the SMP signal, did partially reproduce the observed temporal pattern. Whereas our unique dataset of quantitative measures of snow instability provides new insights into the complex slab-weak layer interaction, it also showed some deficiencies of the modelled metrics of instability – calling for an improved representation of the mechanical properties.
Genetic Resource of the Resistance of Vicia faba L. against the Black Bean Aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli
Authors: Meradsi Fouad , Laamari Malik
Published: April 2016

The Black bean aphid Aphis fabae Scopoli (Homoptera: Aphididae) is a serious pest of faba bean, Vicia faba L. (Fabaceae) in Algeria. The use of resistant cultivars may reduce the impact of this pest on broad bean production and at the same time reduce environmental risks and control costs. The level of resistance of fourteen cultivars of broad bean, Vicia faba was screened in the field against the main aphid pest of faba bean, the Black bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli during January to April 2011 in Biskra region (in the east of Algeria). Among the cultivars tested, six cultivars (1, 9, 12, 13, 14 and 15) were the most resistant in the three counts, while three cultivars (4, 6 and 11) were showed a high susceptibility against this aphid at least once. The remainder of cultivars (3, 5, 7, 8 and 10) revealed an unsettled level of resistance. The relationship between the level of resistance and morphological characters of cultivars indicated that the resistant cultivars have a longer leaflet than the high susceptible cultivars. In the other hand, the statistical analysis showed that no significant differences on the plant height and the leaflet width in the tow category of cultivars (resistant and high susceptible).
Fifth Logistics Faculty Salary Survey
Authors: Obaze Yolanda , Manuj Ila , Farris II Theodore
Published: April 2016

The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) International conducts an annual survey of business school faculty and administrative salaries. However, the standard reporting does not specify salary figures for logistics (and related areas such as supply chain management) faculty. Since the growth in the number of logistics faculty positions has continued to exceed the output of doctoral programs in the field for more than a decade, it is logical to assume that logistics faculty salaries, at all levels, are increasing. Without factual data, questions such as what salary a new logistics PhD should expect, and what an administrator should budget for a logistics faculty position, cannot be answered satisfactorily. Moreover, everyone expects and wants to be adequately compensated. For the specific discipline of logistics and supply chain management, the data on average compensation across different ranks, institutions, and other such factors is available only upon request. In order to provide such factual data, the authors have developed a survey to collect data on logistics and supply chain faculty salaries.
EFICIÊNCIA DA GONADOTROFINA CORIÔNICA EQÜINA (eCG) E DO DESMAME TEMPORÁRIO (DT) EM PROTOCOLOS PARA A INSEMINAÇÃO ARTIFICIAL EM TEMPO FIXO (IATF) EM VACAS NELORE, PREVIAMENTE TRATADAS COM PROGESTERONA(P4) E BENZOATO DE ESTRADIOL (BE).
Authors: Souza Andre Luis Bastos , Kozicki Luiz Ernandes , Pereira João Filipi Scheffer , Segui Márcio Saporski , Weiss Romildo Romualdo , Bertol Melina Andrea Formighieri
Published: April 2016

O objetivo do estudo foi checar a eficiência reprodutiva da eCG e do desmame temporário em protocolos para IATF em vacas Nelore pluríparas, previamente tratadas com progesterona intravaginal e benzoato de estradiol (BE). Foram utilizadas 343 animais, com ECC médio de 2,65 (1=magra; 5= gorda), no período pós parto (media 51,9 dias), e divididas em dois grupos(G): GeCG (grupo gonadotrofina coriônica eqüina; n=144) recebeu no dia 0 (d0) 0,558 g de P4 + 1,0 mg de BE; em d8 (remoção da P4 + 0,075 mg de PGF2 alfa+1,5 mg de cipionato de estradiol–ECP + 400UI de eCG); em d10 execução da IATF; o GDT (grupo desmame temporário; n=199) o mesmo que GeCG  sem eCG no d8, e com desmame temporário por 48 horas e retorno dos bezerros às mães no dia da IATF(d10). A taxa de prenhez (TP) à IATF, após 35 dias resultou em 59,0 e 63,3 % respectivamente para os GeCG e GDT ( P>0,05) e a TP  à  IATF + o repasse com touros, em 90,9 e 95,9 % (P=0,056), após 90 dias de estação de monta. Concluiu-se que ambos os protocolos mostraram-se eficientes em fazendas comerciais de bovinos de corte, enfatizando-se a utilização do DT onde haja facilidade de manejo.
Avaliação parasitária de suínos nativos da região da Baixada Maranhense
Authors: Rocha e Silva Carolina , Silva Macêdo Elison , Mendes Brandão Érica , Moraes Pereira Plhinio Vinícios , Gomes dos Santos Ana Clara
Published: April 2016

Suínos nativos da região da Baixada Maranhense, localizada no noroeste do estado do Maranhão, são criados soltos nos campos com manejo inadequado. O trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a helmintofauna desses animais. Foram coletadas amostras de fezes de 200 suínos nativos para a realização de exames coproparasitológicos durante os períodos do início da seca, na seca, no início do período chuvoso e período chuvoso. Os resultados dos exames parasitológicos encontrados foram ovos da Superfamília Strongyloidea e os gêneros/espécies de Strongyloides, Trichuris suis, Ascaris suum, ovos e larvas de Metastrongylus, oocistos de coccídeos, cistos de Balantidium coli e Entamoeba coli, e o Acanthocephalo Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus. Conclui-se que a helmintofauna gastrintestinal e pulmonar é diversificada, com maior carga parasitária no período de seca.
PREVALÊNCIA DE SALMONELLA SP. EM CALOPSITAS (NYMPHICUS HOLLANDICUS) MANTIDAS EM CATIVEIRO COMERCIAL
Authors: Dlugosz Andressa Pereira , Santin Elizabeth , Hayashi Ricardo Mitsuo , Lourenço Mariana Camargo , Da Silva Andreia Bueno
Published: April 2016

Os psitacídeos estão cada vez mais próximos do ser humano devido à facilidade de manutenção que a espécie demanda. Portanto, a preocupação sanitária deve ser crescente, uma vez que as aves são reservatórios naturais de bactérias Gram negativas, como salmonelas, por exemplo. Sob condições de estresse, aves portadoras destas bactérias podem eliminar estes agentes nas fezes e dessa forma transmitir doenças, muitas delas zoonóticas como as salmoneloses para outros animais e seres humanos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a presença de Salmonella sp. nas fezes de calopsitas (Nymphicus hollandicus) mantidas em cativeiro. Analisou-se através de cultura bacteriana um total de 129 amostras, sendo 86 suabes cloacais e 43 fezes presentes no fundo das gaiolas. Nenhuma amostra foi positiva para o agente.
O USO DE ANIMAIS NO ENSINO DE ODONTOLOGIA VETERINÁRIA: PERCEPÇÃO DOS ALUNOS QUANTO A UTILIZAÇÃO DE MÉTODO ALTERNATIVO
Authors: Cardoso Thais Liara , Lange Rogério Ribas
Published: April 2016

A odontologia veterinária vem se desenvolvendo rapidamente nos últimos anos e simultaneamente há uma crescente procura por tratamentos, pois os proprietários estão mais preocupados com o bem-estar e a prevenção de doenças orais. Para atender esta demanda, é necessário que os médicos veterinários sejam treinados desde a graduação para o desenvolvimento do conhecimento teórico e habilidades práticas. Ao mesmo tempo em que são necessários treinamentos, há a discussão ética a respeito do uso de animais no ensino, e muitas alternativas foram desenvolvidas a fim de reduzir ou substituir o uso de animais vivos em aulas. Com o objetivo de utilizar métodos alternativos no ensino de odontologia veterinária, foi proposto o uso de peças anatômicas para treinamento de exodontias, e a aceitação do método foi analisada através de questionário. Foram avaliados 11 alunos de graduação, que responderam questões comparando o método tradicional de ensino ao método alternativo proposto. A maioria dos alunos (54,54%) afirmou ter aprendido mais durante as aulas com peças anatômicas, porém em relação ao conteúdo aprendido, as duas modalidades de ensino obtiveram a mesma aceitação (36,36%). Sobre as vantagens e desvantagens do método alternativo, os alunos afirmaram que este favoreceu o desenvolvimento de habilidades manuais (27,27%), a maior autonomia (45,45%) e a possibilidade de erros e repetições (45,45%), enquanto a principal desvantagem citada foi o fato de se tratar de um cadáver, não sendo observadas as funções fisiológicas (27,27%). Com base nestas observações concluiu-se que o método alternativo proposto teve boa aceitação pelos alunos, ofereceu o aprendizado de habilidades sem a preocupação limitadora de cometer erros e pode ser utilizado como método complementar no ensino.
AVALIAÇÃO DA BIOQUÍMICA SANGUÍNEA EM ÉGUAS GESTANTES
Authors: Andreazzi Márcia Aparecida , Sandri Vanessa Dos Santos , Cavalieri Fábio Luiz Bim , Emanuelli Isabele Picada , Barizão Guilherme
Published: April 2016

Para que ocorra o desenvolvimento fisiológico da gestação é necessário que o animal receba uma alimentação equilibrada e que esteja em boas condições corporais, garantindo o sucesso da criação. Exames do perfil bioquímico sérico são realizados, rotineiramente, em éguas gestantes, pois constituem dados básicos importantes sobre as condições destes animais, contudo, existem, na literatura, variações nos parâmetros de referência, em função do manejo, da raça, idade, peso vivo e do período gestacional. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os níveis de proteínas totais, albumina, ureia, creatinina e glicose no sangue de 8 éguas gestantes, no 6º mês de gestação, e 8 éguas vazias. Foram coletadas amostras de 10 mL de sangue, por punção venojugular e encaminhadas ao laboratório. As dosagens foram realizadas empregando-se kits comercias e o equipamento Bioplus 2000.  Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (P>0,05) nos níveis séricos de albumina, ureia e glicose entre as éguas vazias e gestantes. Entretanto, verificou-se efeito significativo (P<0,05) nos níveis de proteínas totais e creatinina, evidenciando níveis maiores destas moléculas no grupo das éguas gestantes, contudo, cabe ressaltar que os valores encontrados estão de acordo com alguns valores de referências citados na literatura. Sugere-se que mais pesquisas devam ser realizadas, visando a padronização dos valores de referência para éguas gestantes.
“Situação Etnográfica” e Movimentos Étnicos. Notas sobre o trabalho de campo pós-malinowskiano
Authors: Albert Bruce
Published: April 2016

Este artigo analisa as mudanças nos parâmetros políticos, éticos e epistemológicos do trabalho de campo antropológico clássico induzidas pela emergência em escala mundial de movimentos políticos indígenas e de ONGs que os apoiam. Primeiramente são examinadas as conexões entre as políticas de desenvolvimento do pós-guerra e a emergência dessas organizações indígenas e indigenistas. Segue-se uma discussão geral sobre as relações entre lutas etnopolíticas, ativismo antropológico, pesquisa etnográfica e “observação participante”. Consideram-se  finalmente as condições de independência intelectual de uma antropologia engajada e as possíveis potencialidades heurísticas de sua nova perspectiva de “participação observante”.
Rosângela Digiovani (Zanza), uma pioneira nos estudos antropológicos sobre aborto
Authors: Fry Peter
Published: April 2016

Homenagem a Rosângela Digiovani
HERNÁNDEZ HERNÁNDEZ, Alberto. 2013. Frontera norte de México: Escenarios de la diversidad religiosa. México: El Colegio de la Frontera Norte/El Colegio de Michoacán. 226 p
Authors: Corpus Ariel
Published: April 2016

Resenha de Frontera norte de México: Escenarios de la diversidad religiosa.
Determinação da Individualidade em Hegel
Authors: Martinho Adriano Blattner
Published: April 2016

A fim de sugerir diretrizes de pesquisa sobre o modo de determinação da individualidade no pensamento hegeliano, o presente artigo reacende as invectivas filosóficas da Fenomenologia do Espírito contra a Psicologia, a Frenologia e a Fisiognomonia.