bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FUTURE OF US HEGEMONY
Authors: Subotin A
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The demise of the bipolar system of international politics has revived interest in such closely related and contested terms as "superpower", "hegemon", "empire" and "imperialism". This article represents an attempt to define the most probable trend in the future evolution of the international system with regard to the role of the United States of America as the most prominent state power of today's world. This article seeks to analyse the US power posture in today's world politics by comparing its core capabilities to those of the classical empire of the previous century - the British Empire - with analytical emphasis on both the "hard power" and the "soft power" dimensions. The author maintains that the notion of US hegemony or even American Empire is still relevant despite a clear historic tendency of hegemonic decline seen throughout the second part of the 20th century. The United States still ranks high on the scale of most traditional power factors and, what is by far more important, they continue to be able to shape and control the scale and the volume of international exposure of all other major players within the framework of contemporary global international system. The relative decline of US influence upon world politics at the beginning of the new millennia has been effectively off-set by the profound change in the nature of American power which is now assuming the form of a structural dominance. The author's personal view is that US hegemony is not doomed to wane, given the enormous impact the United States have already made economically, politically and intellectually upon the post World War II international relations. The continuance of the US playing the pivotal role in the international politics of the 21st century will be dependent on the ability of the US political class to adapt to and to harness the social power of numerous non-state international actors that are due take over the leading role in the future world's politics.
TÜRKİYE’DEKİ OTİZMLİ ÇOCUKLARIN ALTERNATİF VE DESTEKLEYİCİ İLETİŞİM SİSTEMİNDE EN ÇOK KULLANDIĞI SÖZCÜKLER
Authors: GÜNDOĞDU Duygu , ELCİK Zafer , DOENYAS Ceymi
Published: August 2019

Konuşma güçlüğü çeken bireylerin iletişim kurmalarına yardımcı olan
Alternatif Destekleyici İletişim (ADİ) teknikleri, mobil cihazlarda yer almaya
ve yaygın olarak kullanılmaya başlamıştır. ADİ yöntemlerinin konuşma zorlukları
yaşayan bireylerin hayatlarını kolaylaştırdığı daha önce yapılan çalışmalarla
gösterilmiştir. Özellikle otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) için faydaları
sıklıkla dile getirilen ADİ uygulamalarının gerçek hayatta nasıl kullanıldığını
yansıtan verilerin sunulduğu bir çalışma henüz bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın
amacı, OSB’ye sahip bireylerin okulda gördükleri eğitime ek olarak sunulan bir
ADİ sisteminin kullanım verilerini incelemek ve bu tür uygulamaların
geliştirilmesi adına faydalı olmaktır. Bu çalışmada, mobil cihazları çocuklar
için evde eğitim platformuna dönüştüren Otsimo uygulamasında bulunan ADİ
modülünden toplanan anonim veriler analiz edilerek raporlanmıştır. Mevcut seslendirme
yöntemlerinden elde edilen veriler incelenmiş, en çok kullanılan kelimeler
sunularak bu kelimelerin sık kullanımına yol açabilecek olası sebepler
belirtilmiştir. Bu analizlerin sonucunda elde edilen veriler üzenden iletişim
bozukluğu yaşayan bireylerin günlük hayatlarını kolaylaştırabilmek ve ADİ
uygulamalarını geliştirmek adına öneriler sunulmuştur.
Diccionario de términos ambientales. Antecedentes, propuesta terminográfica y estudio terminológico
Authors: Camacho Barreiro Aurora María
Published: August 2019

Diccionario de términos ambientales. Antecedentes, propuesta terminográfica y estudio terminológico.
“Yo me defiendo”: entendiendo la informalidad laboral a partir del trabajo de las mujeres mototaxistas en Barranquilla, Colombia
Authors: Buchely Lina , Castro María Victoria
Published: August 2019

Through the lens of the subjective experience of women who drive moto-taxis in Barranquilla, Colombia, this article explores the interaction between labor informality, precarious working conditions, and gender. Based on the information obtained from in-depth interviews, ethnographic observation, and focus groups, the article questions the usual approaches to city, gender, and labor informality to the extent that they do not represent properly the subjective experiences of the workers, they flatten the analysis of the differential consequences for women in this type of work, and they produce images of insecurity and instability that are not necessarily perceived by these women. The article proposes a change of perspective in terms of analyses of gender and cities in general through a mobile perspective of the mobility analyses. We explore three movements on mobility: (i) the movement of work in cities outside its margins, (ii) the mobility of identities, and (iii) the paradox of care as a circular movement.
Alteraciones endocrinas asociadas al uso medicamentos en el Programa Distrital de Farmacovigilancia de Bogotá durante el periodo 2012 a 2016
Authors: Ordoñez Nancy Judith , Sánchez Castillo Julián
Published: August 2019

Objetivos. Conocer las reacciones adversas tipo endocrino asociado al uso de medicamentos y reportado al Programa Distrital de Farmacovigilancia de Bogotá durante el periodo 2012 a 2016. Materiales y métodos. Los reportes analizados corresponden al periodo del 1º de enero de 2012 al 31 de diciembre de 2016 del Programa Distrital de Farmacovigilancia. Su análisis se hizo mediante algoritmos de causalidad y por tipo de evento.

Resultados. Se analizaron 85 reportes. Uno de ellos relacionado con una sospecha de problema de calidad del medicamento, los otros 84 relacionados con reacciones adversas sobre los cuales se centró la investigación. De los 84 reportes, 36 (42,9 %) corresponden a reacciones adversas a medicamento tipo A y 26 (31 %) a reportes de reacciones adversas a medicamentos de tipo fallo terapéutico. Los principales efectos secundarios a los medicamentos fueron el aumento de los niveles de hormona paratiroidea por uso de cinacalcet en 27 (34,1 %) reportes, seguidas por el síndrome de Cushing relacionado con la administración de prednisolona en 12 (14,1 %), bocio por uso de adalimumab en 12 (14,1 %), hiperprolactinemia por el uso de risperidona en 10 (11,8 %) e hipotiroidismo inducido por amiodarona en 3 (3,4 %).

Conclusiones. El desarrollo de estos estudios permite conocer las principales reacciones adversas que se presentan durante el uso habitual de los medicamentos, así como su perfil de seguridad.
Biopelículas bacterianas en heridas crónicas
Authors: Becerra G Cristian Camilo , García A. María Paula , Reyes M. Yeisson David , Huertas Mónica Gabriela
Published: August 2019

En las últimas tres décadas, el estudio de las biopelículas bacterianas ha tomado gran relevancia gracias a su identificación como uno de los factores más importantes en el desarrollo de infecciones crónicas. Una de las patologías de mayor interés en el área de la salud, y de la cual se ha logrado profundizar en mayor medida, corresponde a las heridas crónicas, en donde se estima que las biopelículas bacterianas están presentes en el 60%, comparadas con las heridas agudas en donde se presentan solo en el 20%.

Las heridas crónicas representan el 1-2% de todas las heridas a nivel mundial, pero la carga socioeconómica y emocional que generan, repercute notablemente debido a los costos en curaciones, tratamientos convencionales y en complicaciones tan graves como las amputaciones de extremidades. El objetivo de este artículo de revisión es proporcionar información relevante sobre el concepto de las biopelículas bacterianas, su implicación en el desarrollo de heridas crónicas, el diagnóstico y los posibles tratamientos.
Similitudes and singularities of higher education systems in the Mediterranean countries: Historical construction, policy and evolution of key indicators
Authors: Urbano Cláudia
Published: August 2019

Higher education is one of the most important key values for changes in societies and exchanges among different societies. Analysing higher education systems in Europe, it is clear that Southern Europe has been determining many differences with the rest of the continent, despite the effort of the Bologna Process to ensure comparability in the standards and quality of higher education qualifications.
Taking into account four Southern Europe countries – Portugal, Spain, Italy and Greece – and regarding their link to a certain Mediterranean culture, our proposal is to analyse these countries’ higher education systems, their growth, using indicators on educational stock, economic growth and development, supply and demand of higher education and economic indicators relating training and the economy such as graduated employment rates. Also education public policies will be considered in the analysis as they interfere in higher education systems’ trajectories. Comparing them we will be able to identify similitudes and singularities in these educational realities, leading us to conclude about the existence of a Southern European way of making higher education a specific value in Mediterranean culture.
This topic is even more important as it may be related to the recent key focus of EU activities in Southern Mediterranean region. The Mediterranean Strategy for Sustainable Development (MSSD) recognises that education in the Mediterranean needs strengthening by introducing sustainable development, through a holistic approach, into educational curricula, from primary school right up to higher education. The search for synergies between higher education research and innovation in the Mediterranean area already started. With our post-doctoral research project focusing on higher education and its links to societies, educational policies and national economies, our goal is to share some questions and to contribute to the debate on higher education reinforcing and enriching sociological analysis on higher education between Mediterranean countries.
Inhibitory effect of probiotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on biofilm formation and expression of α-hemolysin and enterotoxin A genes of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Saidi Navid , Owlia Parviz , Marashi Seyed Mahmoud Amin , Saderi Horieh
Published: August 2019

Background and Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus, as an opportunistic pathogen, is the cause of a variety of diseases from mild skin infections to severe invasive infections and food poisoning. Increasing antibiotic resistance in S. aureus isolates has become a major threat to public health. The use of compounds produced by probiotics can be a solution to this problem. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on some virulence factors (biofilm, α-hemolysin, and enterotoxin A) of S. aureus.
Materials and Methods: Supernatant and lysate extracts were prepared from S. cerevisiae S3 culture. Sub-MIC concen- trations of both extracts were separately applied to S. aureus ATCC 29213 (methicillin-sensitive S. aureus; MSSA) and S. aureus ATCC 33591 (methicillin-resistant S. aureus; MRSA) strains. Biofilm formation of these strains was measured by microtiter plate assay and expression level of α-hemolysin and enterotoxin A genes (hla and sea, respectively) using real-time PCR technique.
Results: The supernatant extract has reduced both biofilm formation and expression of sea and hla genes, while lysate ex- tract had only anti-biofilm effects. The MRSA strain showed more susceptibility to yeast extracts than MSSA strain in all tests.
Conclusion: The present study exhibited favorable antagonistic effects of S. cerevisiae S3, as a probiotic yeast, on MSSA and MRSA strains. Based on the findings of this study, the compounds produced by this yeast can be used to control S. aureus infections; however, further similar studies should be conducted to confirm the findings of the present study.
The relationship between moral distress in nurses and ethical climate in selected hospitals of the Iranian Social Security Organization
Authors: Bayat Mina , Shahriari Mohsen , Keshvari Mahrokh
Published: August 2019

the present study was conducted to determine the relation between nurses’ moral distress and the ethical climate in selected hospitals of the Iranian Social Security Organization (ISSO). This descriptive-analytical correlational study was conducted in 6 hospitals under the coverage of the Iranian Social Security Organization in 2016. Three hundred nurses were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were gathered using Corley’s Standard Moral Distress and Olson’s Hospital Ethical Climate Scales. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 19.
The mean score of the nurses’ moral distress was 1.94 ± 0.66, which is considered moderate. The mean score of ethical climate was 88.97, indicating desirable ethical climate in these hospitals. The frequency score of moral distress had a unilateral reverse correlation with the total score of ethical climate as well as its dimensions, including colleagues, patients, hospitals and physicians. The score of the intensity of nurses’ moral distress also had a unilateral reverse correlation with the total score of ethical climate and the scores of the hospital and physicians dimensions.
These results emphasized the importance of creating a positive ethical climate to decrease moral distress as well as the need for professional interventions to increase support in moral issues.
Comparing Rest Alone to Bandaging and Rest in Horses With Superficial Digital Flexor Tendinopathy
Authors: Alzola Rafael , Freeman Sarah Louise
Published: August 2019

PICO question

In horses with superficial digital flexor tendonitis is bandaging and rest compared to rest alone more effective at promoting healing?
Clinical bottom line

There is currently a lack of scientific evidence to suggest that bandaging promotes effective tendon healing following injury. However, rigid bandages significantly limit lesion propagation in equine superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendinopathies. The result of this PICO question suggests that a short period (ten days) of cast immobilisation during the initial inflammatory phase of the injury improves prognosis by limiting lesion propagation. The level of confidence in the outcomes from the body of evidence in the four studies identified is moderate.

  
PEMIKIRAN JAMALUDDIN AL-AFGHANI (JAMAL AD-DIN AL-AFGHANI) (1838 – 1897 M)
Authors: Hawi Akmal
Published: August 2019

The 19th century to the 20th century is a moment in which Muslims enter a new gate, the gate of renewal. This phase is often referred to as the century of modernism, a century where people are confronted with the fact that the West is far ahead of them. This situation made various responses emerging, various Islamic groups responded in different ways based on their Islamic nature. Some respond with accommodative stance and recognize that the people are indeed doomed and must follow the West in order to rise from the downturn. Others respond by rejecting anything coming from the West because they think it is outside of Islam. These circles believe Islam is the best and the people must return to the foundations of revelation, this circle is often called the revivalists. One of the figures who is an important figure in Islamic reform, Jamaluddin Al-Afghani, a reformer who has its own uniqueness, uniqueness, and mystery. Departing from the division of Islamic features above, Afghani occupies a unique position in responding to Western domination of Islam. On the one hand, Afghani is very moderate by accommodating ideas coming from the West, this is done to improve the decline of the ummah. On the other hand, however, Afghani appeared so loudly when it came to the question of nationality or on matters relating to Islam. As a result, Afghani traces his legs on two different sides, he is a modernist but also a fundamentalist.
SEJARAH TURUNNYA AL-QUR’AN PENUH FENOMENAL (MUATAN NILAI-NILAI PSIKOLOGI DALAM PENDIDIKAN)
Authors: Masduki Yusron
Published: August 2019

The phenomenon of receiving the revelations of the Qur'an shocked many. This can be seen from the role of Prophet Muhammad SAW prepared gradually, a time full of indecisiveness in seeing the events, phenomena, and vision of the existing view, also participate in preparing the maturity of his soul, where the angel Jibril repeatedly introduce himself. Archangel Gabriel for the first time to introduce himself when he berkhalwat in Hira Cave, Gabriel asked Muhammad SAW read, and he rationed do not know, do not know what to read, until the angel Gabriel repeats three times, and he replied in a state completely confused Fear before knowing the unforeseen prophethood and first heard the Qur'an, its psychological charge in the education of mankind.
PLURALISME AGAMA MENURUT NURCHOLIS MADJID (1939-2005) DALAM KONTEKS KEINDONESIAAN
Authors: Moko Catur Widiat
Published: August 2019

This research entitled "Religious Pluralism According to Nurcholish Madjid in Indonesian Context '. Based on the phenomenon that occurred in the field many Muslims who more emphasize the symbol of religion than the application in menjlankan religion so that underlie thinking Nurcholis Madjid in overcoming msalah.dilakukan three stages of work that is Inventory, Evaluation, and Synthesis. The writings that have been obtained will be reviewed, an analysis of the thoughts of Nurcholish Madjid. The research approach is historical approach, while in historical research using heuristic technique, verification, intervention, and historicistography. The results of this study can be summarized as follows, First, the basis of religious pluralism is that the universal religion of Islam encompasses all aspects of life, Pancasila is the foundation of the state of Indonesia so that we must do tolerance and compete in the good. Secondly, that the implications of religious pluralism recognize religious freedom, live with the risks that will be borne by each believer. The will of God is above the will of man in setting anything. Thirdly, the principle of religious pluralism is the open, dialogical, tolerant and upholding of human values which at the same time embodies a peaceful and open Islam.
Epistemologi Penafsiran Ayat ‘Seribu Dinar’ (at-Thalaq [65]: 2-3) : Studi Komparasi Abdurra’uf as-Singkili dan M. Quraish Shihab
Authors: Huda Nurul
Published: August 2019

Abstact:

Many assumptions say that differences in generation, educational background, socio-cultural background and so on will have an effect on the mindset of an interpreter. To prove the validity of these assumptions, this study proposed to explore the epistemology structure of Q.S. At-Thalaq [65]: 2-3 interpretation in Tafsir Tarjuman al-Mustafid by Abdurrauf As-Singkili and Tafsir Al-Misbah by M. Quraish Shihab. The results of this study are any differences in the epistemological structure of interpretation between the two interpreters in interpreting Q.S At-Thalaq [65]: 2-3, for example in terms of sources, As-Singkili uses hadith and opinions in tafsir Baidhawi, Tafsir Al-Khazin, Tafsir Manafi’ Al-Qur’an and Tafsir karangan As-Tsa’libi while M. Quraish Shihab uses lexical-linguistic analysis, munasabah, hadith, ulama opinion and ra'yu.

 

Abstrak:

Banyak asumsi mengatakan bahwa perbedaan generasi, latar belakang pendidikan, latar sosio-kultural dan sebagainya akan berpengaruh pada pola pikir seseorang mufassir. Untuk membuktikan kebenaran dari asumsi tersebut, maka penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengeksplorasi struktur epistemologi penafsiran Q.S. At-Thalaq [65]: 2-3 dalam interpretasi Tafsir Tarjuman al-Mustafid oleh Abdurra’uf As-Singkili dan Tafsir Al-Misbah oleh M. Quraish Shihab. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat perbedaan struktur epistemologi penafsiran ini adalah terdapat perbedaan struktur epistemologi penafsiran antara kedua mufassir tersebut dalam menafsirkan Q.S At-Thalaq [65]: 2-3, misal dari sumber, As-Singkili menggunakan hadis dan merujuk pendapat-pendapat dalam tafsir Baidhawi, Tafsir Al-Khazin, Tafsir Manafi’ Al-Qur’an dan Tafsir karangan As-Tsa’libi. Sedangkan Quraish Shihab menggunakan analisis leksikal-linguistik, munasabah, hadits, pendapat ulama dan ra’yu.
Prinsip-prinsip Islam Tentang Demokrasi : Studi Pemikiran Nurcholish Madjid Tahun 1970-2005
Authors: Hawi Akmal
Published: August 2019

This article is a summary of research results written using descriptive and holistic methods. By reviewing primary and secondary sources to obtain accurate and clear data that contains: Islamic principles of democracy in the struggle of Nurcholish Madjid, Islamic Principles about Democracy in Learning Applying Islamic Principles about democracy in Indonesia. Democracy requires real effort from every citizen and its supporting devices, namely a conducive culture as a manifestation of a society's thinking and design to create democracy as a view of life in the country both by the people and the government. The regularity of the background, the importance of this article is discussed. This article will discuss more about discussing Nurcholish Madjid about Islam and democracy.
TATA BAHASA SEBAGAI CERMINAN NILAI IDEOLOGIS WACANA POLITIK PEREMPUAN DALAM “KOLOM PEREMPUAN”: KAJIAN ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS ATAS TEKS DI HARIAN SUARA MERDEKA
Authors: Muhajir Muhamad
Published: August 2019

Critical Discourse Analysis is one of the language  studies to uncover certain ideology particularly gender ideology.  This research aimed to find out the language choice from the text writer both lexically and grammatically based on the experiential meaning. In addition, it aims to figure out the ideological value contained in discourse text. The data used in this research are 23 clauses in which there are woman words. The data were analyzed by using Critical Discourse Analysis (description, interpretation, and explanation) and Systemic Functional Linguistics approach. The data collection method was used documentation method with non-participatory observation and note-taking techniques. The data were analized by using content analysis method with abductive inferential technique. The result of this research shows that the reflected ideology based on lexical is revealed through the classification pattern (reality depiction), struggled for-ideology words, rewording (showing equality), meaning relation, and metaphor (picturing reality using symbol). In addition, the reflected ideology based on the grammatical is indicated by transitivity namely material process (projecting agent without goal, and target of action and policies), exixtential process (patriarchy bound), nominalization and passivation (hiding agent to cover actors), and negative sentence (defense on woman nature and condition). Then The structure text is analytical exposition consisting of thesis, argumentation, elaboration, and reiteration.

Key words: experiential meaning, SFL, CDA, ideology
IDENTIFIKASI SERANGGA DAN FAKTOR ABIOTIK PERUSAK NASKAH KUNO SEBAGAI UPAYA PELESTARIAN BUDAYA PALEMBANG
Authors: Falahudin Irham
Published: August 2019

The manuscript is one of the relics of the past owned by the people of Indonesia. The manuscript stored a number of past information that shows the thoughts, feelings, beliefs, customs, and values that apply to past societies. Manuscripts are available in various regions in Indonesia, one of them in Palembang. Malay manuscripts are texts written in Malay which are generally Arabic-Malay (Jawi). The existence of this ancient manuscript located in vulnerable society will be damaged . The importance of biological knowledge to this text makes provision for society and government in an effort to keep the extinct. Objectives of the research are to know the form and type of destruction of manuscripts, factors causing damage, to identify the types of biota and insects that destroyed and also how to cope with the presence of insects and biota in Malay manuscript storage. The research with a descriptive quantitative approach. The sampling of insects and biota by hand collecting method. Identified insect use to morphometric technique. The results are found 11 species of insects from 5 orders and 6 families. Cause damage to manuscripts in Palembang include as physical and  chemical factors. Processes causing the destruction of manuscripts include biological factors

 

Keyword: Identification Insect and  abiotic factors, Manuscript Malay in Palembang
Narrativas sobre a internet das coisas: um estudo exploratório das matérias veiculadas na Folha online entre 2011 e 2016
Authors: Lemos André Luiz Martins , Marques Daniel Góis Rabêlo , Bitencourt Elias Cunha
Published: August 2019

O artigo tem por objetivo descrever como a imprensa brasileira apresenta o fenômeno da Internet das Coisas. Toma-se como corpus 165 textos da Folha de São Paulo publicados online entre 2011 e 2016. Foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta de raspagem de dados com a qual se extraiu os textos, analisados posteriormente no software Atlas.ti. Como critério de análise, identificam-se os objetos mais citados, as qualidades atribuídas a eles, bem como as definições de Internet das Coisas mais recorrentes. Também são observados os principais temas associados às notícias e os juízos de valor. Conclui-se mostrando que a Internet das Coisas é definida pela conectividade entre objetos inteligentes, vinculada a questões técnicas e econômicas, ligadas à ideia de futuro. Esses objetos atuam, em sua maioria, nas áreas residencial, de saúde e de transporte. Problemas de privacidade ainda não dominam as discussões.
O algoritmo e o fluxo: Netflix, aprendizado de máquina e algoritmos de recomendações
Authors: Ladeira João Damasceno Martins
Published: August 2019

Este artigo discute o sistema de recomendações da Netflix, na expectativa de compreender tais técnicas como parte das estratégias contemporâneas para a reordenação da televisão e do audiovisual. Problematiza uma tecnologia indispensável a estas sugestões: a inteligência artificial, na expectativa de depreender questões de impacto cultural inscritas nesta técnica. Estas recomendações serão analisadas em sua relação com a forma outrora decisiva para a constituição do broadcast: o fluxo televisivo. O texto investiga o sentido destas ferramentas tão influentes para definir uma televisão baseada na manipulação de acervos, e não na programação determinada previamente à transmissão do conteúdo. A conclusão explora as consequências destes arquivos, que concedem ao usuário uma sensação de escolha em tensão com o caráter mecânico destas imagens.
Análise de discurso enquanto teoria-metodológica para estudos em comunicação: possibilidades e deslocamentos de olhares sob sujeitos, enunciados e contextos
Authors: Campo Amanda de Andrade , Primo Delanoy Claudio
Published: August 2019

Assentado sobre os estudos linguísticos de Michel Pêcheux enquanto preconizador da Escola francesa de análise de discurso, este artigo traz uma proposta de compreensão básica dos conceitos de sujeito, enunciado e contexto que, entendidos como dispositivos teóricos e dispositivos de análise, tornam-se ferramentas possíveis nos estudos de processos comunicacionais. Tensionamos as relações entre sujeitos e autoria, e entre produtos comunicacionais e discursos em relação a textos e suas concepções. Ao distanciarmos nossos olhares de estudos objetivos que se debruçam sobre a ideia de intencionalidade na produção de enunciados, pudemos sugerir algumas vias de reflexão quando nos deparamos com enunciados enquanto objeto de estudo. Em suma, observamos que, ao refletirmos sobre a constituição de enunciados repletos de discursos, não é possível nos questionarmos “o que este sujeito quis dizer” e nem “o que este enunciado quer nos mostrar”. Chegamos à consideração-chave deste artigo: um questionamento possível de ser respondido pela análise de discurso enquanto teoria-metodológica para pesquisas em comunicação é “como foi constituído este enunciado”. A partir daí, torna-se possível traçar estratégias para analisar o que é proposto. Deste modo, o analista poderá inferir ideias que ultrapassam a superfície da composição gramatical dos textos.
A economia da confiança: tecnologias de comunicação e processos de vinculação social
Authors: Costa Ramon Bezerra
Published: August 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a economia da confiança enquanto um processo de vinculação social, o que caracterizaria, na perspectiva adotada neste estudo, um processo comunicacional. As práticas que individualizam a chamada economia da confiança lembram as costumeiras trocas e empréstimos entre vizinhos, familiares e conhecidos, que passam a acontecer entre estranhos, requerendo que se confie em alguém que nunca se viu e constituindo experiências de intercâmbio de bens e serviços a partir de relações pouco usuais. Este estudo se vale de revisão bibliográfica e dos resultados de uma pesquisa realizada ao longo de quatro anos pelo autor deste artigo, cuja metodologia utilizou para levantamento de dados, principalmente, observação participante e entrevistas em profundidade. O texto começa analisando a economia da confiança enquanto um fenômeno comunicacional. Em seguida aborda o contexto no qual o fenômeno existe para, por fim, apresentar a proposta da economia da confiança, que segundo os resultados obtidos na pesquisa diz respeito a um particular processo de vinculação social que pressupõe três características: a dinâmica entre pares, impulsionada pelas tecnologias digitais de comunicação; a construção da confiança entre desconhecidos e a percepção de que existe abundância de recursos e não escassez.
O semioticista da história: entrevista com Jorge Lozano
Authors: Nakagawa Fábio Sadao , Nakagawa Regiane Miranda de Oliveira
Published: August 2019

Nesta entrevista, Jorge Lozano, professor catedrático do departamento de Jornalismo e Novos Meios da Universidade Complutense de Madrid, fala sobre sua concepção da história enquanto construção discursiva e do documento histórico segundo o ponto de vista semiótico. De acordo com tal perspectiva, é a pertinência que nos permite situar se um determinado texto cultural pode ou não funcionar como um documento. Também aborda sua parceria com Umberto Eco e a importância da ideia do “leitor modelo” na obra do autor italiano e a atualidade desse conceito para entender os meios digitais. Por fim, situa de que maneira a semiótica pode contribuir para construir uma inteligibilidade do presente e a dimensão política que envolve qualquer prática pautada pela compreensão do funcionamento dos signos na cultura.
Parámetros de crecimiento y sus efectos en la edad al primer empadre de vacas Siboney
Authors: Dominguez-Viveros Joel , González-Prieto Simón , Palacios-Espinosa Alejandro , Suárez-Tronco Marco Antonio , Rodríguez-Almeida Felipe Alonso , Espinoza-Villavicencio José Luis , Rodríguez-Castro Manuel
Published: August 2019

El objetivo fue caracterizar el crecimiento de vacas Siboney con modelos no lineales (MNL) y los efectos de los parámetros de crecimiento sobre la edad al primer empadre (EPE). Se analizaron 10 064 datos de peso vivo de 2 021 vaquillas. Los MNL evaluados fueron logístico, Gompertz, Brody y Bertalanffy. La selección del mejor modelo fue con el coeficiente de determinación, criterios Akaike y Bayesiano. Con regresión lineal de orden cuadrático, la EPE se analizó con respecto al peso a 24 meses (P24M), tasa de crecimiento (TAC), peso al punto de inflexión (PPI) y madurez a los 24 meses (GM24). El MNL de mejor ajuste fue Bertalanffy; con peso asintótico de 514.3 kg, punto de inflexión a los 5.93 meses con 152.4 kg. Del análisis de regresión: EPE = (0.026102)(P24M) - (0.0000636)(P24M2), EPE = (23.86)(TAC) - (59.17)(TAC2), EPE = (0.0796)(GM24) - (0.000675)(GM242), EPE = (0.0299)(PPI) - (0.00009506)(PPI2), todos diferente de cero (p < 0.01).
Humedales en dolina del norte de Quintana Roo, México: ecosistemas poco conocidos
Authors: Cejudo Eduardo , Herrera-Caamal K. Geraldine
Published: August 2019

Los humedales son los ecosistemas más productivos y amenazados del mundo. Si se encuentran en regiones donde domina la roca caliza se denominan humedales cársticos, un tipo de este humedal son los humedales en dolina. El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar humedales en dolina del Norte de Quintana Roo, México. Se usaron descriptores de microtopografía, parámetros edáficos, fisicoquímica del agua y biomasa arbórea. Los resultados indican que los humedales en dolina son unidades primarias tipo P/b/h, sistema Palustre, subsistema depresión, clase estacional a intermitentemente inundado, forma ovoide o redonda con vegetación dominada por árboles tolerantes a la inundación en fondo rocoso con sustrato no consolidado. Se encontró mineralización de la materia orgánica, suelo con alta capacidad de retención de agua y elevado contenido de calcio y sílice. La biomasa se estimó entre 0.01 y 0.30 kg de carbono por árbol.
Calidad del agua de escorrentía para uso agrícola captada en bordos de almacenamiento
Authors: Loera-Alvarado Luz Andrea , Torres-Aquino Margarita jjesus@colpos.mx , Juan Felipe Martínez-Montoya Juan Felipe , Cisneros-Almazán Rodolfo , Martínez Hernández José de Jesús
Published: August 2019

En las zonas áridas y semiáridas el agua es uno de los factores críticos para la productividad agrícola y pecuaria. La escasez del recurso y el abatimiento de acuíferos son problemas específicos de estas regiones donde la captación de agua de lluvia se vuelve indispensable; sin embargo, no existe información sobre su calidad. Por lo anterior, el objetivo fue determinar la calidad y la aptitud del agua de lluvia captada en bordos de almacenamiento (BA) para su uso en el riego agrícola. Se tomaron muestras de agua de BA ubicados en tres microrregiones del Estado de San Luis Potosí, en las que se determinó el pH, CE (dS m−1), aniones y cationes. Además, se estimaron los índices de Relación de Adsorción de Sodio (RAS), Carbonato sódico residual (CSR), Porcentaje de sodio posible (PSP), Índice de permeabilidad (IP), Índice de Kelly (IK), Dureza, RASaj, Sólidos disueltos totales (SDT), Salinidad efectiva (SE) y Salinidad potencial (SP). Con excepción del magnesio, no hubo diferencias significativas entre microrregiones (p > 0.05). De acuerdo con la clasificación de Wilcox, normas de Riverside y valores de IP, IK, SDT, SE y SP, el agua de BA se clasifica como de buena calidad y es apropiada para riego con potencial para la producción de forraje.
Caracterización fisicoquímica de frutos de ciruela mexicana (Spondias purpurea L.) en el Soconusco, Chiapas
Authors: Villareal Fuente Juan Manuel , Alia Tejacal Iran , Xóchitl Doraneli Pérez-Pérez Xóchitl Doraneli , Espinoza-Zaragoza Saúl , Marroquín-Agreda Francisco Javier , Nuñez-Colin Carlos Alberto
Published: August 2019

La ciruela mexicana es un frutal con alto potencial de cultivo, debido a su bajo costo de producción, crece en forma espontánea y se adapta a suelos pobres y delgados donde no se establecen otros cultivos; también tiene resistencia a la sequía por su mecanismo de defoliación. El objetivo fue caracterizar ecotipos de ciruela mexicana con características de calidad y funcionales para seleccionar árboles sobresalientes en el Soconusco, Chiapas, México. Se recolectaron de enero a agosto de 2016 frutos en Huehuetán, Mazatán, Huixtla y Tapachula, Chiapas, México procedentes de 32 árboles. Se estimaron las variables: masa, firmeza, diámetro ecuatorial, densidad específica, masa de endocarpio, luminosidad, diámetro polar, cromaticidad, ángulo de matiz, sólidos solubles totales, acidez titulable, índice de sabor, pH, azúcares totales, fenoles totales y actividad antioxidante por DPPH, ABTS y FRAP. Se formaron cuatro grupos de árboles, mostrando el cuarto grupo los mayores valores de masa y dimensiones, alto contenido de azúcares totales y actividad antioxidante por FRAP. Los frutos de los grupos 1 y 4 tuvieron mayor peso de fruto y gravedad específica, mientras que los frutos de los grupos 2 y 3 presentaron el mayor dulzor y actividad antioxidante. Lo que sugiere que en el Soconusco hay variabilidad en las ciruelas mexicanas que se pueden seleccionar por sus características físicas, químicas y funcionales.
Esquemas de alimentación para larvicultura de pejelagarto (Atractosteus tropicus Gill): crecimiento, supervivencia y canibalismo
Authors: Palma-Cancino David Julian , Martinez-Garcia Rafael , Alvarez-Gonzalez Carlos Alfonso , Camarillo-Coop Susana , Peña-Marin Emyr Saul
Published: August 2019

El diseño de dietas con base en la fisiología digestiva, así como un adecuado esquema de alimentación, per- miten la disminución del canibalismo y el incremento de la supervivencia en la etapa larvaria de peces. Por lo anterior, el objetivo fue evaluar el crecimiento, supervivencia y canibalismo en la larvicultura del pejelagarto (Atractosteus tropicus Gill) bajo cuatro esquemas de alimentación: CT (co-alimentación con nauplio de Artemia por 10 días y dieta comercial de trucha), T1 (alimentación con la dieta comercial de trucha desde la apertura de la boca), T2 (co-alimentación con nau- plio de Artemiay dieta diseñada para larvas de A. tropicus por 10 días) y T3 (alimentación con la dieta diseñada para A. tropicus desde la apertura de la boca), así como determinar la correlación entre el canibalismo y la supervivencia mediante un modelo de regresión lineal. Los mejores crecimientos y supervivencias se obtuvieron en los tratamientos T2 y CT. En todos los tratamientos se presentó canibalismo, siendo más alto cuando no se co-alimentó con nauplio de Artemia (T1 y T3). Se encontró una fuerte correlación (r = -0.88, p < 0.05) entre la supervivencia y el canibalismo, lo que demuestra que el canibalismo tiene efecto sobre la supervivencia. El tratamiento T2 representa la mejor alternativa para la larvicultura de A. tropicus, con mayor crecimiento y menor canibalismo.
Mutu Produk Madu yang Dijual di Surabaya
Authors: Suhartini Eka Aprillia , Moechtar Juniar , Darmawati Asri
Published: August 2019

Pendahuluan: Madu adalah cairan alami dengan konsistensi kental dan rasa manis yang dikumpulkan oleh lebah madu dari sari bunga atau bagian lain tumbuhan. Produk madu yang dipasarkan harus memiliki nomor registrasi yang dikeluarkan oleh Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia (BPOM RI) dan memenuhi persyaratan mutu yang ditetapkan oleh Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 01-3545-2013. Nomor registrasi produk madu diawali dengan kode ML, MD, TR dan P-IRT. Perbedaan kode awal pada nomor registrasi menunjukkan katagori produsen pengolah produk madu. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui mutu produk madu yang diregistrasi dengan katagori berbeda mengacu persyaratan SNI 01-3545-2013. Metode: Dalam penelitian ini mutu 4 sampel produk madu dibandingkan dengan acuan parameter SNI untuk madu. Setiap sampel produk madu mewakili satu kode awal nomor registrasi. Nama sampel tersebut dipilih secara acak dari beberapa nama produk madu dengan kode awal nomor registrasi yang sama. Parameter SNI yang diuji meliputi: organoleptis, kadar air, kadar abu, kandungan padatan tidak larut air, keasaman, kadar  5-hydroxymethyl-furfuraldehyde (HMF), aktivitas enzim diastase, cemaran logam (Pb,Cd, Hg, As), kadar batas kloramfenikol, cemaran mikrobiologi, kadar gula pereduksi dan sukrosa. Hasil: Resume hasil penelitian ini adalah: sampel dengan kode awal MD dan P-IRT memenuhi persyaratan  parameter SNI, kecuali kadar HMF melebihi batas yang ditetapkan. Sampel dengan kode awal ML memenuhi persyaratan SNI kecuali kadar HMF dam kadar abu. Sampel dengan kode awal TR memenuhi persyaratan SNI kecuali kadar air. Kesimpulan: Semua sampel madu memenuhi 12 dari 13 persyaratan parameter mutu SNI-01-3545-2013.
Karakter Solid Lipid Nano Particle (SLN) – Ubiquinon (Q10) dengan Beda Jenis Kosurfaktan: Poloxamer 188, Lesitin, Propilen Glikol
Authors: Rosita Noorma , A’yunin Qurrotu , Hendradi Esti
Published: August 2019

Pendahuluan: Ubiquinon atau Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) merupakan senyawa kimia yang tidak stabil terhadap cahaya, sehingga mudah terdegradasi. Oleh karena itu, sistem penghantaran yang bisa meningkatkan kestabilan dari CoQ10 sangat dibutuhkan. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) diketahui mampu meningkatan stabilitas molekul, dan memiliki karakteristik pelepasan terkontrol. Karakteristik SLN (ukuran partikel dan efisiensi penjebakan obat), sangat dipengaruhi kompoen penyusun SLN. Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan jenis kosurfaktan terhadap karakteristik SLN-CoQ10. SLN-CoQ10 dibuat dengan metode high shear homogenization pada kecepatan 24000 rpm selama 2 menit, 4 siklus. Metode: Pada penelitian ini dibuat empat formula SLN-CoQ10 dengan propilen glikol (A1), poloxamer 188 (B1), lesitin (C1) sebagai kosurfaktan dan pembanding tanpa kosurfaktan (D1). Hasil: Ukuran diameter partikel SLN-CoQ10 yang dihasilkan dari kosurfaktan propilen glikol, poloxamer 188, lesitin dan yang tanpa menggunakan surfaktan berturut-turut adalah: 556,1 ± 4,89; 174,1 ± 6,69; 220,4 ± 12,01 dan 556,8 ± 17,96 nm  sementara itu persen efisiensi penjebakan yang dihasilkan berturut-turut adalah 32,47 ± 6,88; 77,38 ± 8,63; 19,77 ± 5,69; dan 16,09 ± 3,70 %.  Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi karakteristik, disimpulkan bahwa SLN-CoQ10 yang dibuat dengan ko-surfaktan poloxamer 188 memiliki karakteristik yang paling baik karena memiliki ukuran partikel kecil dan persen efisiensi penjebakan yang paling besar dibandingkan dengan SLN-CoQ10 dengan formula yang menggunakan ko-surfaktan propilen glikol, lesitin atau yang tanpa kosurfaktan.
Pola Terapi pada Faktor Risiko Kardioserebrovaskuler Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronis yang Menjalani Hemodialisis
Authors: Pinzon Rizaldy Taslim , Padmanaba Martinus Bagas Hogantara , Pramudita Esdras Ardi , Sugianto Sugianto
Published: August 2019

Pendahuluan: Penyakit ginjal kronis (PGK) merupakan penurunan fungsi ginjal secara progresif dan sudah berlangsung lama. Pola terapi pada PGK sangat bervariasi karena PGK memiliki banyak faktor risiko seperti penyakit kardioserebrovaskular sehingga perlu diberikan obat yang sesuai dengan penyakit yang mendasari. Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi profil pola terapi pada faktor risiko penyakit kardioserebrovaskular pasien penyakit ginjal kronis yang menjalani hemodialisis. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian cross sectional atau potong lintang dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Subjek yang diteliti adalah penderita penyakit Ginjal Kronis yang menjalani hemodialisis di RS Bethesda dan RS Panti Rapih Yogyakarta. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder yang diambil dari data rekam medis. Analisis menggunakan data yang diambil dibuat dalam bentuk tabel. Hasil: Penelitian ini melibatkan 92 pasien penyakit ginjal kronis yang menjalani hemodialisis terdiri dari 60 laki-laki (65,2%) dan 32 perempuan (34,8%) dengan rata-rata usia 50 tahun. Pasien dengan riwayat klinis yang berisiko menjadi penyakit kardioserebrovaskular dan belum mendapat pengobatan 39 orang (42,4%). Faktor risiko kardioserebrovaskular paling banyak adalah hiperhomosisteinemia 91 pasien (98,9%). Obat yang banyak digunakan untuk mengurangi terjadinya penyakit kardioserebrovaskular adalah asam folat dengan jumlah 81 pasien (89%), anti anemia 77 pasien (90,6%), dan anti hipertensi 74 pasien (90,2%). Kesimpulan: Pola terapi yang banyak digunakan adalah asam folat, anti anemia, dan anti hipertensi. Faktor risiko kardioserebrovaskular paling banyak adalah hiperhomosisteinemia.
Multilingual Ranking of Wikipedia Articles with Quality and Popularity Assessment in Different Topics
Authors: Lewoniewski Włodzimierz , Węcel Krzysztof , Abramowicz Witold
Published: August 2019

In Wikipedia, articles about various topics can be created and edited independently in each language version. Therefore, quality of information about the same topic depends on language. Any interested user can improve an article and that improvement may depend on popularity of the article. The goal of this study is to show what topics are best represented in different language versions of Wikipedia using results of quality assessment for over 39 million articles in 55 languages. In this paper we also analyze how popular are selected topics among readers and authors in various languages. We used two approaches to assign articles to various topics. First, we divided articles into 27 main topics based on information extracted from over 10 million categories in 55 language versions and analyzed about 400 million links from articles to over 10 million categories and over 26 million links between categories. In the second approach we used data from DBpedia and Wikidata. We also showed how the results of the study can be used to build local and global rankings of the Wikipedia content.
Multilingual Ranking of Wikipedia Articles with Quality and Popularity Assessment in Different Topics
Authors: Lewoniewski Włodzimierz , Węcel Krzysztof , Abramowicz Witold
Published: August 2019

In Wikipedia, articles about various topics can be created and edited independently in each language version. Therefore, quality of information about the same topic depends on language. Any interested user can improve an article and that improvement may depend on popularity of the article. The goal of this study is to show what topics are best represented in different language versions of Wikipedia using results of quality assessment for over 39 million articles in 55 languages. In this paper, we also analyze how popular are selected topics among readers and authors in various languages. We used two approaches to assign articles to various topics. First, we selected 27 main multilingual categories and analyzed all their connections with sub-categories based on information extracted from over 10 million categories in 55 language versions. To classify the articles to one of the 27 main categories we took into account over 400 million links from articles to over 10 million categories and over 26 million links between categories. In the second approach we used data from DBpedia and Wikidata. We also showed how the results of the study can be used to build local and global rankings of the Wikipedia content.
Risk Distribution in Coal Mining: Fighting for Environmental Justice in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Muhdar Muhamad , Nasir Mohamad , Nurdiana Juli
Published: August 2019

This study is aimed to explore the environmental risk posed by the unsustainable mining activities in Mulawarman village, East Kalimantan, and articulate the disproportionate impact from the perspective of environmental justice on how mining regulations affect the lives of a vulnerable community. A qualitative comparative analysis based on the legislation and administrative rules on coal mining, and a case study of Mulawarman village were adopted. The information was framed based (participatory) observation, and in-depth interview, and purposively conducted to six selected respondents. The result shows how the laws and regulations disadvantage the community and expose them to unequal treatment. The adverse effects of mining activities change the socio-environmental dynamics in this village. Being the breadbasket in 1997, Mulawarman villagers experience the loss of food self-sufficiency, and turn to the government and mining company for social welfare, and clean water. Also, inconsistent and incomplete regulations pertaining to mining, favor to serve the business interests before the environment and the local community. This results in severe encroachment upon community rights and leads to long-term conflicts between mining companies and local communities, and has weakened the capacity of local authorities to help the affected community to recover their rights.