bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Violación y transgresión. Medicina forense y moral sexual en la España del siglo XIX
Authors: Lorente Carpena Amalio
Published: December 2013

En este trabajo se examina la contribución del discurso médico-forense español del siglo XIX, a través de su aplicación en los casos de agresión sexual, a la legitimación del orden moral sexual de la época. Con este objetivo se analizan los principales tratados de Medicina Forense editados en nuestro país durante ese siglo.
Robert Musil frente a Ernst Mach
Authors: Jalón Mauricio
Published: December 2013

Sobre las teorías de Mach (TD de R. Musil) rebate que la representación científica tienda a construir un claro y completo inventario de hechos. Pues Mach se ve obligado a presuponer relaciones constantes en la naturaleza; pero esta regularidad de los fenómenos implica que la ley es algo más que cierto «cuadro», que las meras dependencias que defiende están en un segundo plano y que una relación teórica en física es mucho más que una relación de orden. Su concepción de la economía científica como «adaptación natural» significa un monismo biológico opuesto a las dualidades propias de un empirista.
La profesionalización de la enfermería en Argentina: disputas políticas e institucionales durante el peronismo
Authors: Ramacciotti Karina , Valobra Adriana
Published: December 2013

Nuestra investigación pretende visualizar el proceso de profesionalización de las enfermeras durante el peronismo desde dos ámbitos profundamente emparentados con espacios políticos peronistas: la Escuela de Enfermas de la Secretaría de Salud Pública (1947) y la Escuela de Enfermeras «7 de mayo» de la Fundación Eva Perón (1950). Conscientes de que este recorte excluye otras escuelas que funcionaron durante este período, los objetivos de este trabajo justifican el acotamiento dado que el interés está centrado en las disputas institucionales entre entidades embanderadas en las nuevas lógicas políticas peronistas.
El proceso de absorción del Real Tribunal del Protoalbeitarato por la Escuela de Veterinaria de Madrid (1792-1855)
Authors: Salvador Velasco Ángel , De Andrés Turrión M.ª Luisa , Sánchez de Lollano Prieto Joaquín
Published: December 2013

La absorción del Real Tribunal del Protoalbeitarato por la Escuela de Veterinaria de Madrid presenta ciertas singularidades respecto al proceso equivalente en medicina y farmacia. La pugna y hegemonía del Real Tribunal durante casi sesenta años desde la creación de la Escuela de Veterinaria (1792), ha sido estudiada por la historiografía tradicional con una visión centrada fundamentalmente en aspectos veterinarios. En el presente artículo se investigan en detalle los procesos conducentes a la absorción y se pone de manifiesto la relevancia de las motivaciones políticas y su predominio sobre las de carácter técnico, sanitario o profesional. Por ello, se analiza el juego de instituciones y de agentes externos a la veterinaria implicados, en especial destacamos el papel desempeñado por el XV Marqués de Cerralbo.
La fisiología del logos en Aristóteles
Authors: Benéitez Prudencio José Javier
Published: December 2013

El presente artículo trata de estudiar la relación del entendimiento humano con el cuerpo en el pensamiento aristotélico. Dado que para Aristóteles la inteligencia constituye una capacidad o facultad ‘psíquica’, podríamos preguntarnos si no piensa, entonces, que sea una parte o un aspecto de la forma (ειδος) del cuerpo humano, de la misma manera que se da esta relación con los otras facultades (así, por ejemplo, con la sensación y la nutrición). La cuestión es motivo todavía de disputa. El objetivo de mi investigación radica en justificar las posibilidades de una fisiología aristotélica de la mente o del pensamiento.
La asistencia psiquiátrica en la historia política brasileña
Authors: A. Venancio Ana Teresa
Published: December 2013

Este trabajo analiza las relaciones entre la asistencia psiquiátrica y la historia política brasileña durante diferentes momentos: la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, cuando la creación del primer manicomio sirvió como afirmación del poder imperial; el inicio del siglo XX, cuando la configuración de la psiquiatría ayudaba a la joven República a recorrer el camino hacia una nación civilizada; los años 40, en los que un Estado centralizador dio un fuerte impulso a la asistencia psiquiátrica; y desde finales de los años 70, cuando los avances en la psiquiatría brasileña vinieron de la mano de la redemocratización política.
Isegoría y parresia: Foucault lector de Ión
Authors: Moreno Pestaña José Luis
Published: December 2013

En este artículo se analiza la lectura de la democracia ateniense realizada por Foucault: en concreto, el comentario de la obra Ión de Eurípides. Posteriormente se discuten las conclusiones del autor mediante la presentación de otras posibilidades de lectura. La argumentación se centra en dos puntos: en primer lugar la relación entre constitución del cuerpo político y legitimidad y, en segundo lugar, la relación entre derechos formales a la participación política y participación efectiva. El artículo resalta el interés de la perspectiva del filósofo francés fundada en la diferencia entre capacidad para hablar y posibilidad de hacerlo con franqueza.
Ciencia bajo observación. Beneficios, límites y paradojas de la evaluación de la actividad científica
Authors: Innerarity Daniel
Published: December 2013

La ciencia se ha convertido en cada vez más en un asunto público, lo que indudablemente requiere una monitorización de su calidad. Este artículo examina los beneficios de la evaluación de la ciencia, pero llama la atención sobre algunos de sus límites y paradojas, como la dificultad que estos procedimientos tienen para registrar lo verdaderamente nuevo, sus efectos secundarios o el hecho de que generalmente no respeten la especificidad de las ciencias humanas y sociales.
CARDIAC-BORDER SEGMENTATION IN 2D ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IMAGE SEQUENCE USING LEVEL SET METHOD TO MEASURE GLOBAL PARAMETERS
Authors: Darvishi Saeed , Behnam Hamid , Pouladian Majid , Samiei Niloufar
Published: December 2013

Identifying end-diastole (ED) and end-systole (ES) frames is highly important in the process of evaluating cardiac function and measuring global parameters accurately, such as ejection fraction (EF), cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume (SV). The aim of this study is to develop a new method based on measuring volume changes in left ventricle (LV) during cardiac cycle. For this purpose, the level set method is used both in detecting endocardium border and quantifying cardiac function of all frames. Demonstrating LV volumes at a time displays ED and ES frames and volumes used in calculating required parameters. Since ES and ED frames exist in iso-volumic phases of the cardiac cycle with minimum and maximum values of LV volume signals, such peaks can be utilized in finding related frames. The results obtained from 44 volunteers, as golden values, were validated by an experienced echocardiologist through manual annotation and comparison of EF, CO and SV measurements. These measurements prove the suggested method provides accurate and reliable automatic detection of ED and ES frames.
Long-Term Methods for High-Definition Image Maps of Benthic Surveys
Authors: Penland Laurie , Brooks Barrett , Ochoa Edgardo
Published: December 2013

AbstractCoral reef health assessment has relied on benthic photographic surveys as an essential measurement tool for decades. The emergence of gigapixel image (1 billion pixels) stitching technologies makes possible the creation of high-definition benthic image map surveys
(HDBIMS). These image maps provide the traditional overall percentage coverage data. In addition, they allow zoom capabilities in such detail that scientists can, for example, count the polyps on a coral head. While the image maps are easily viewed over the Internet, they are challenging to
produce. Numerous previous studies have contributed to the advancement of high-definition benthic survey methods. This ongoing HDBIMS study is focused on production methods that (1) produce the best image quality for the lowest cost, (2) provide accurate and repeatable results at any depth
over time, and (3) utilize off-the-shelf (OTS) stitching software that allows accurate results that can be reviewed in the field. This structured approach to image acquisition, integrated with the OTS grid-oriented stitching software, produces highly accurate benthic image maps.
An Experimental Deployment of a Portable Inflatable Habitat in Open Water to Augment Lengthy In-Water Decompression by Scientific Divers
Authors: Lombardi Michael , Burleson Winslow , Godfrey Jeff , Fryburg Richard
Published: December 2013

AbstractUndersea living in the science community has effectively risen and fallen within the last half century. The paradigm of residing on the seafloor within a fixed, permanent structure, while body tissues are saturated with inert breathing gasses, provides for extended-duration
excursions from such a structure, although limits geographical productivity to within reasonable proximity of the habitat structure itself. Saturation diving exploration with science motives provided an exciting opportunity during the 1960s and 1970s, with timing lending itself well to providing
a sea-to-space analog for human residence in a remote and confined space, as the space race was underway. With limited saturation diving for science occurring presently, today’s marine science paradigm is trending toward advanced autonomous diving technologies and techniques, including
mixed-gas use, rebreathers, and staged decompression. These emerging technologies afford an enhanced “commodity-style” approach to exploration, in which diving scientists can travel to any remote locale and spend longer durations underwater than they can with the previous and more
common paradigm of lightweight, travel-friendly, conventional open-circuit scuba (using air as the breathing medium). Amiss in the new paradigm is the practical extension of depth. This is well within reach with the use of emerging technologies; however, end-users are often dissuaded from
the incurrence of lengthy decompression (exposure to the marine environment during what is effectively an extended idle time) that is required when scientists return from relatively short working periods at extended depths. In an effort to address these issues, we describe here the development
and experimental deployment of a new class of portable inflatable underwater habitats that provide for rapid deployments, free from surface support augmentation requirements typical of the existing alternatives for lengthy decompression dives. In the context of vastly expanding the commodity-style
diving requirements of today’s marine scientist and engineers, particularly in terms of increased depth and duration, we also discuss the further research and development applications that these habitats make possible.
Insulin Inhibits IL-10–Mediated Regulatory T Cell Function: Implications for Obesity
Authors: Han Jonathan M. , Patterson Scott J. , Speck Madeleine , Ehses Jan A. , Levings Megan K.
Published: December 2013

Chronic inflammation is known to promote metabolic dysregulation in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Although the precise origin of the unchecked inflammatory response in obesity is unclear, it is known that overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines by innate immune cells affects metabolism. For example, TNF-α contributes to the inability of cells to respond to insulin and to the increase in levels of insulin. Whether this hyperinsulinemia itself is part of a feedback loop that affects the progression of chronic adipose inflammation is unknown. In this article, we show that regulatory T cells (Tregs) express the insulin receptor, and that high levels of insulin impair the ability of Tregs to suppress inflammatory responses via effects on the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Insulin activated AKT signaling in Tregs, leading to inhibition of both IL-10 production and the ability of Tregs to suppress the production of TNF-α by macrophages in a contact-independent manner. The effect of insulin on Treg suppression was limited to IL-10 production and it did not alter the expression of other proteins associated with Treg function, including CTLA-4, CD39, and TGF-β. In a model of diet-induced obesity, Tregs from the visceral adipose tissue of hyperinsulinemic, obese mice showed a similar specific decrease in IL-10 production, as well as a parallel increase in production of IFN-γ. These data suggest that hyperinsulinemia may contribute to the development of obesity-associated inflammation via a previously unknown effect of insulin on the IL-10–mediated function of Tregs.
Description of the watershed outline and water depth survey datasets for Whale Cove, Nunavut
Authors: Budkewitsch P , Prévost C , Pavlic G , Pregitzer M
Published: December 2013

A watershed outline map, a bathymetric map, and water related statistics of the Whale Cove water supply reservoirs where produced following field work performed during the summer of 2009 by researchers from Canada Centre for Remote Sensing in collaboration with
staff from the Nunavut Research Institute. Since 2007, with support from Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC), a small team of scientists from the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing were involved in a project to help characterize the water supply of Nunavut communities. This was a complex task
involving the delineation of watersheds and estimation of the water volume of the supply lake for the community. To estimate this water volume, a bathymetric map was produced based on field surveys using a depth sounder equipped with a GPS. CCRS developed a low cost and easy to use technique to
enable such depth surveys to be rapidly carried out. The technology transfer aspect of the activity is aimed to allow Nunavut professionals to produce lake depth maps with low cost and easy to use tools and software. During the course of this project, between 2007 and 2009, these initiatives allowed
researchers, engineers, managers, planners and technical personnel to perform lake and watershed surveys of the communities of Iqaluit, Clyde River, Arviat and Whale Cove. This document describes the digital datasets acquired for Whale Cove and distributed to the Department of Community and
Government Services, the Nunavut Research Institute, and the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs. The enclosed datasets were produced under the ''Enhancing Resilience in a Changing Climate Program'' of the Earth Sciences Sector, Natural Resources Canada. Several large format image maps were
printed and distributed to the organisations identified above, and were also presented at several workshops.
Gravity wave influence on NLC: experimental results from ALOMAR, 69° N
Authors: Wilms H. , Rapp M. , Hoffmann P. , Fiedler J. , Baumgarten G.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. The influence of gravity waves on noctilucent clouds (NLC) at ALOMAR (69° N) is analysed by relating gravity wave activity to NLC occurrence from common-volume measurements. Gravity wave kinetic energies are derived from MF-radar wind data and filtered into different period ranges by wavelet transformation. From the dataset covering the years 1999–2011, a direct correlation between gravity wave kinetic energy and NLC occurrence is not found, i.e., NLC appear independently of the simultaneously measured gravity wave kinetic energy. In addition, gravity wave activity is divided into weak and strong activity as compared to a 13 yr mean. The NLC occurrence rates during strong and weak activity are calculated separately for a given wave period and compared to each other. Again, for the full dataset no dependence of NLC occurrence on relative gravity wave activity is found. However, concentrating on 12 h of NLC detections during 2008, we do find an NLC-amplification with strong long-period gravity wave occurrence. Our analysis hence confirms previous findings that in general NLC at ALOMAR are not predominantly driven by gravity waves while exceptions to this rule are at least possible.
The impact of monoaromatic hydrocarbons on OH reactivity in the North Sea boundary layer and free troposphere
Authors: Lidster R. T. , Hamilton J. F. , Lee J. D. , Lewis A. C. , Hopkins J. R. , Punjabi S. , Rickard A. R. , Young J. C.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. Reaction with the hydroxyl radical (OH) is the dominant removal mechanism for virtually all volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere, however it can be difficult to reconcile measured OH reactivity with known sinks. Unresolved higher molecular weight VOCs contribute to OH sinks, of which monoaromatics are potentially an important sub-class. A method based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS) has been developed that extends the degree with which larger VOCs can be individually speciated from whole air samples (WAS). The technique showed excellent sensitivity, resolution and good agreement with an established GC-FID method, for compounds amenable to analysis on both instruments. Measurements have been made of VOCs within the UK east coast marine boundary layer and free troposphere, using samples collected from five aircraft flights in winter 2011. Ten monoaromatic compounds with an array of different alkyl ring substituents have been quantified, in addition to the simple aromatics, benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and σm- and p-xylene. These additional compounds were then included into constrained box model simulations of atmospheric chemistry occurring at two UK rural and suburban field sites in order to assess the potential impact of these larger monoaromatics species on OH reactivity; they have been calculated to contribute an additional 2–6% to the overall modelled OH loss rate, providing a~maximum additional OH sink of ~0.9 s−1.
The contribution of fungal spores and bacteria to regional and global aerosol number and ice nucleation immersion freezing rates
Authors: Spracklen D. V. , Heald C. L.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) may play an important role in aerosol–climate interactions, in particular through affecting ice formation in mixed phase clouds. However, the role of PBAP is poorly understood because the sources and distribution of PBAP in the atmosphere are not well quantified. Here we include emissions of fungal spores and bacteria in a global aerosol microphysics model and explore their contribution to concentrations of supermicron particle number, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and immersion freezing rates. Simulated surface annual mean concentrations of fungal spores are ~2.5 × 104 m−3 over continental midlatiudes and 1 × 105 m−3 over tropical forests. Simulated surface concentrations of bacteria are 2.5 × 104 m−3 over most continental regions and 5 × 104 m−3 over grasslands of central Asia and North America. These simulated surface number concentrations of fungal spores and bacteria are broadly in agreement with the limited available observations. We find that fungal spores and bacteria contribute 8% and 5% respectively to simulated continental surface mean supermicron number concentrations, but have very limited impact on CCN concentrations, altering regional concentrations by less than 1%. In agreement with previous global modelling studies we find that fungal spores and bacteria contribute very little (3 × 10−3 % even when we assume upper limits for ice nucleation activity) to global average immersion freezing ice nucleation rates, which are dominated by soot and dust. However, at lower altitudes (400 hPa to 600 hPa), where warmer temperatures mean that soot and dust may not nucleate ice, we find that PBAP controls the immersion freezing ice nucleation rate. This demonstrates that PBAP can be of regional importance for IN formation, in agreement with case study observations but in contrast to recent global model studies that have concluded PBAP are unimportant as ice nuclei.
Hydroxymethanesulfonic acid in size-segregated aerosol particles at nine sites in Germany
Authors: Scheinhardt S. , van Pinxteren D. , Müller K. , Spindler G. , Herrmann H.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. In the course of two field campaigns, size-segregated particle samples were collected at nine sites in Germany, including traffic, urban, rural, marine, and mountain sites. During the chemical characterisation of the samples some of them were found to contain an unknown substance that was later on identified as hydroxymethanesulfonic acid (HMSA). HMSA is known to be formed during the reaction of S(IV) (HSO3− or SO32−) with formaldehyde in the aqueous phase. Due to its stability, HMSA may can act as a reservoir species for S(IV) in the atmosphere and is therefore of interest for the understanding of atmospheric sulphur chemistry. However, no HMSA data are available for atmospheric particles from Central Europe and even on a worldwide scale, data are scarce. Thus, the present study now provides a representative dataset with detailed information on HMSA concentrations in size-segregated Central European aerosol particles. HMSA mass concentrations in this dataset were highly variable: HMSA was found in 224 out of 738 samples (30%), sometimes in high mass concentrations exceeding those of oxalic acid. In average over all 154 impactor runs, 31.5 ng m−3 HMSA were found in PM10, contributing 0.21% to the total mass. The results show that the particle diameter, the sampling location, the sampling season and the air mass origin impact the HMSA mass concentration. Highest concentrations were found in the particle fraction 0.42–1.2 μm, at urban sites, in winter and with eastern (continental) air masses, respectively. The results suggest that HMSA is formed during aging of pollution plumes. A positive correlation of HMSA with sulphate, oxalate and PM is found (R2 > 0.4). The results furthermore suggest that the fraction of HMSA in PM slightly decreases with increasing pH.
Greenland Ice Sheet exports labile organic carbon to the Arctic oceans
Authors: Lawson E. C. , Wadham J. L. , Tranter M. , Stibal M. , Lis G. P. , Butler C. E. H. , Laybourn-Parry J. , Nienow P. , Chandler D. , Dewsbury P.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. Runoff from small glacier systems contains dissolved organic carbon (DOC), rich in protein-like, low molecular weight (LMW) compounds, designating glaciers as an important source of bioavailable carbon for downstream heterotrophic activity. Fluxes of DOC and particulate organic carbon (POC) exported from large Greenland catchments, however, remain unquantified, despite the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) being the largest source of global glacial runoff (ca. 400 km3 yr−1). We report high and episodic fluxes of POC and DOC from a large (1200 km2) GrIS catchment during contrasting melt seasons. POC dominates organic carbon (OC) export (70–89% on average), is sourced from the ice sheet bed and contains a significant bioreactive component (9% carbohydrates). A major source for the "bioavailable" (free carbohydrates) LMW-DOC fraction is microbial activity on the ice sheet surface, with some further addition of LMW-DOC to meltwaters by biogeochemical processes at the ice sheet bed. The bioavailability of the exported DOC (30–58%) to downstream marine microorganisms is similar to that reported from other glacial watersheds. Annual fluxes of DOC and free carbohydrates during two melt seasons were similar, despite the ~ 2 fold difference in runoff fluxes, suggesting production-limited DOC sources. POC fluxes were also insensitive to an increase in seasonal runoff volumes, indicating supply-limitation of suspended sediment in runoff. Scaled to the GrIS, the combined DOC and POC fluxes (0.13–0.17 Tg C yr−1 DOC, 0.36–1.52 Tg C yr−1 mean POC) are of a similar order of magnitude to a large Arctic river system, and hence represent an important OC source to the North Atlantic, Greenland and Labrador Seas.
Novel method for hurricane trajectory prediction based on data mining
Authors: Dong X. , Pi D. C.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. This paper describes a novel method for hurricane trajectory prediction based on data mining (HTPDM) according to the hurricane's motion characteristics. Firstly, all frequent trajectories in the historical hurricane trajectory database are mined by using association analysis technology and their corresponding association rules are generated as motion patterns. Then, the current hurricane trajectories are matched with the motion patterns for predicting. If no association rule is found for matching, a predicted result according to the hurricane current movement trend would be returned. All experiments are conducted with the Atlantic weather Hurricane/Tropical Data from 1900 to 2008. The experimental results show that if the matching failure part is contained, the prediction accuracy is 57.5%. Whereas, the valve would be to 65% provided all matches are successful.
Storm-surge prediction at the Tanshui estuary: development model for maximum storm surges
Authors: Tsai C.-P. , You C.-Y. , Chen C.-Y.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. This study applies artificial networks, including both the supervised multilayer perception neural network and the radial basis function neural network to the prediction of storm-surges at the Tanshui estuary in Taiwan. The optimum parameters for the prediction of the maximum storm-surges based on 22 previous sets of data are discussed. Two different neural network methods are adopted to build models for the prediction of storm surges and the importance of each factor is also discussed. The factors relevant to the maximum storm surges, including the pressure difference, maximum wind speed and wind direction at the Tanshui Estuary and the flow rate at the upstream station, are all investigated. These good results can further be applied to build a neural network model for prediction of storm surges with time series data.
Large eddy simulation model for wind-driven sea circulation in coastal areas
Authors: Petronio A. , Roman F. , Nasello C. , Armenio V.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. In the present paper a state-of-the-art large eddy simulation model (LES-COAST), suited for the analysis of water circulation and mixing in closed or semi-closed areas, is presented and applied to the study of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the Muggia bay, the industrial harbor of the city of Trieste, Italy. The model solves the non-hydrostatic, unsteady Navier–Stokes equations, under the Boussinesq approximation for temperature and salinity buoyancy effects, using a novel, two-eddy viscosity Smagorinsky model for the closure of the subgrid-scale momentum fluxes. The model employs: a simple and effective technique to take into account wind-stress inhomogeneity related to the blocking effect of emerged structures, which, in turn, can drive local-scale, short-term pollutant dispersion; a new nesting procedure to reconstruct instantaneous, turbulent velocity components, temperature and salinity at the open boundaries of the domain using data coming from large-scale circulation models (LCM). Validation tests have shown that the model reproduces field measurement satisfactorily. The analysis of water circulation and mixing in the Muggia bay has been carried out under three typical breeze conditions. Water circulation has been shown to behave as in typical semi-closed basins, with an upper layer moving along the wind direction (apart from the anti-cyclonic veering associated with the Coriolis force) and a bottom layer, thicker and slower than the upper one, moving along the opposite direction. The study has shown that water vertical mixing in the bay is inhibited by a large level of stable stratification, mainly associated with vertical variation in salinity and, to a minor extent, with temperature variation along the water column. More intense mixing, quantified by sub-critical values of the gradient Richardson number, is present in near-coastal regions where upwelling/downwelling phenomena occur. The analysis of instantaneous fields has detected the presence of large cross-sectional eddies spanning the whole water column and contributing to vertical mixing, associated with the presence of sub-surface horizontal turbulent structures. Analysis of water renewal within the bay shows that, under the typical breeze regimes considered in the study, the residence time of water in the bay is of the order of a few days. Finally, vertical eddy viscosity has been calculated and shown to vary by a couple of orders of magnitude along the water column, with larger values near the bottom surface where density stratification is smaller.
Radulidium xigazense sp. nov., Rhinocladiella tibetensis sp. nov., and three new records of Ramichloridium from China
Authors: Wu Yue-Ming , Xu Jun-Jie , Wang Hong-Feng , Zhang Tian-Yu
Published: December 2013

Two new species, Radulidium xigazense and Rhinocladiella tibetensis, are described and illustrated from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Area, China. Ramichloridium apiculatum, R. brasilianum, and R. musae represent new records for China. Specimens (dried cultures)
and living cultures are deposited in the Herbarium of Shandong Agricultural University, Plant Pathology (HSAUP), and the Herbarium of Institute of Microbiology, Academia Sinica (HMAS).
New records of Rhizocarpon from China
Authors: Zhao Zun-Tian , Li Chao , Zhao Xin , Zhang Lu-Lu
Published: December 2013

Four new lichen records are reported from China — Rhizocarpon grande, R. infernulum, R. petraeum, and R. rubescens. Detailed taxonomic descriptions with photos and comments are provided.
A new coprophilous Gilmaniella species from Malaysia
Authors: Goh Teik-Khiang , Lee Li-Ling , Teo Kah-Cheng
Published: December 2013

Gilmaniella nyukfahii sp. nov., collected from cow dung in Malaysia, is described and illustrated. It differs from other Gilmaniella species in having globose conidia with 5–7 distinct germ pores.
Phallus hadriani and P. roseus from Pakistan
Authors: Moreno G. , Khalid A.N. , Alvarado P. , Kreisel H.
Published: December 2013

Specimens of Phallus hadriani and P. roseus collected in Pakistan are described here. Photographs and molecular data are provided for both species.
Septobasidium hoveniae sp. nov. and S. rhabarbarinum new to China
Authors: Li Wei , Chen Suzhen , Guo Lin , Ye Yaoqing
Published: December 2013

A new species, Septobasidium hoveniae on Hovenia acerba associated with Pseudaulacaspis sp., is described. Septobasidium rhabarbarinum on Quercus pannosa is new to China.
Abstracts from the Canadian Consensus Conference on Dementia
Authors: Madden Ken
Published: December 2013

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The Value of Admission Clinical Data for Diagnosing Heart Failure in Long-term Care
Authors: Heckman George A. , Foebel Andrea D. , Dubin Joel A. , Ng Jennifer , Turpie Irene D. , Hussack Patricia , McKelvie Robert S.
Published: December 2013

BackgroundHeart failure (HF) is common in long-term care (LTC). Diagnostic uncertainty is important barrier to optimal HF management, stemming from inadequate health information transfer upon LTC admission. We determine the utility of admission clinical information to confirm a HF diagnosis in new LTC residents.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study. From February 2004 to November 2006, information about new residents from 41 LTC homes in Ontario, Canada, was collected from residents and caregivers, and all available health records. A prior HF diagnosis was confirmed by consensus review of available data by two independent experts. Multivariate modelling was utilized to determine the utility of the admission clinical assessment in confirming a prior HF diagnosis.ResultsA total of 449 residents were included for analysis, aged84.3±6.5 years, and 21.6% had a prior HF diagnosis. The most useful clinical item for diagnosing HF was a “history of HF”. The final model included “history of HF’ (OR [odds ratio] 13.66, 95% CI 6.61–28.24), “fluid on the lungs” (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.04–3.89), “orthopnea” (OR 1.76, 95% CI 0.93–3.33), “taking β-blocker” (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.10– 3.94), “taking loop diuretics” (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.12–3.98), and “history of coronary artery disease” (OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.42–5.64).ConclusionElements of the clinical assessment for new LTC residents can help confirm a prior HF diagnosis. An admission history of HF is highly predictive.
Small Molecule-Mediated Directed Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Toward Ventricular Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Karakikes Ioannis , Senyei Grant D. , Hansen Jens , Kong Chi-Wing , Azeloglu Evren U. , Stillitano Francesca , Lieu Deborah K. , Wang Jiaxian , Ren Lihuan , Hulot Jean-Sebastien , Iyengar Ravi , Li Ronald A. , Hajjar Roger J.
Published: December 2013

The generation of human ventricular cardiomyocytes from human embryonic stem cells and/or induced pluripotent stem cells could fulfill the demand for therapeutic applications and in vitro pharmacological research; however, the production of a homogeneous population of ventricular cardiomyocytes remains a major limitation. By combining small molecules and growth factors, we developed a fully chemically defined, directed differentiation system to generate ventricular-like cardiomyocytes (VCMs) from human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells with high efficiency and reproducibility. Molecular characterization revealed that the differentiation recapitulated the developmental steps of cardiovascular fate specification. Electrophysiological analyses further illustrated the generation of a highly enriched population of VCMs. These chemically induced VCMs exhibited the expected cardiac electrophysiological and calcium handling properties as well as the appropriate chronotropic responses to cardioactive compounds. In addition, using an integrated computational and experimental systems biology approach, we demonstrated that the modulation of the canonical Wnt pathway by the small molecule IWR-1 plays a key role in cardiomyocyte subtype specification. In summary, we developed a reproducible and efficient experimental platform that facilitates a chemical genetics-based interrogation of signaling pathways during cardiogenesis that bypasses the limitations of genetic approaches and provides a valuable source of ventricular cardiomyocytes for pharmacological screenings as well as cell replacement therapies.
Perceptions, par les élèves, des pratiques d’annotation du texte narratif bref en situation d’évaluation de la lecture au secondaire
Authors: Babin Julie , Dezutter Olivier
Published: December 2013

L’impact des perceptions sur la motivation et sur les pratiques ayant été largement démontré, nous avons cherché à connaître les perceptions d’élèves lors d’une situation de préparation à un examen de lecture. Une quarantaine d’élèves volontaires ont répondu à trois questionnaires, et quatre élèves aux profils différents ont participé à des entrevues. Après des analyses quantitatives et qualitatives des données collectées, le croisement des résultats montre que l’annotation est perçue comme une pratique utile, très liée à l’évaluation, mais à laquelle les jeunes se sentent malhabiles.
Effets de l’acculturation sur l’apprentissage des étudiants africains dans la Haute École Spécialisée de Suisse occidentale
Authors: Gakuba Théogène-Octave , Graber Myriam
Published: December 2013

Cet article analyse les effets de l’acculturation sur l’apprentissage des étudiant(e)s d’Afrique subsaharienne suivant une formation professionnelle en santé et travail social en Suisse romande. Il concerne une recherche que nous avons menée pour comprendre les conditions d’apprentissage et d’intégration de ces étudiants. Notre approche se fonde sur les théories de la communication interculturelle, de l’interculturalisation et de l’apprentissage des adultes avec une démarche méthodologique qualitative : entretiens compréhensifs et semi-directifs ainsi que l’étude de dossiers administratifs d’étudiants. Des pistes de réflexion pour une meilleure intégration des étudiants étrangers sont proposées.
Les programmes québécois d’histoire nationale (1982-2007) et l’apprentissage de la pensée historique : vers l’identification d’un problème de conceptualisation
Authors: Moreau Daniel
Published: December 2013

Cet article porte sur l’analyse d’une interprétation des deux plus récents programmes d’histoire nationale publiés au Québec, leur attribuant l’apprentissage de la pensée : une lecture critique s’appuyant sur les six critères définis par Martineau (1997), premier chercheur à avoir formulé cette interprétation, permettra de révéler une divergence dans trois d’entre eux : 1) le caractère signifiant de l’apprentissage ; 2) la métacognition ; et 3) la fréquence de l’exercice. Cette divergence va justifier la pertinence, d’une part, d’une analyse plus approfondie de ces programmes, et, d’autre part, d’une révision de ces critères en fonction de nouveaux fondements théoriques.
Dosimetric Characteristics of a PIN Diode for Radiotherapy Application
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Sharma S. D. , Philomina A. , Topkar Anita
Published: December 2013

The PIN diode developed by Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) was modified for its use as a dosimeter in radiation therapy. For this purpose the diode was mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) and provided with necessary connections so that its response against irradiation can be recorded by a standard radiotherapy electrometer. The dosimetric characteristics of the diode were studied in Co-60 gamma rays as well as high energy X-rays. The measured sensitivity of this PIN diode is 4 nC/cGy which is about ten times higher than some commercial diode dosimeters. The leakage current from the diode is 0.04 nA. The response of the PIN diode is linear in the range of 20–1000 cGy which covers the full range of radiation dose encountered in radiotherapy treatments. The non-linearity of the diode response is 3.5% at 20 cGy and it is less than 1.5% at higher dose values. Its repeatability is within 0.5%. The angular response variation is about 5.6% within ± 60° with respect to normal beam incidence. The response of the PIN diode at 6 and 18 MV X-rays varies within 2% with respect to its response at Co-60 gamma rays. The source to surface distance (SSD) dependence of the PIN diode was studied for Co-60 beam. It was found that the response of the diode decreases almost linearly relative to given dose for beams with constant collimator setting but increasing SSD (decreasing dose-rate). Within this study the diode response varied by about 2.5% between the maximum and minimum SSD. The dose-rate dependence of the PIN diode for 6 and 15 MV-rays was studied. The variation in response of diode for both energies in the studied dose range is less than 1%. The field size dependence of the PIN diode response is within 1% with respect to the response of ionisation chamber. These studies indicate that the characteristics of the PIN diode are suitable for use in radiotherapy dosimetry.
GyneScan: An Improved Online Paradigm for Screening of Ovarian Cancer via Tissue Characterization
Authors: Acharya U. Rajendra , Sree S. Vinitha , Kulshreshtha Sanjeev , Molinari Filippo , Koh Joel En Wei , Saba Luca , Suri Jasjit S.
Published: December 2013

Ovarian cancer is the fifth highest cause of cancer in women and the leading cause of death from gynecological cancers. Accurate diagnosis of ovarian cancer from acquired images is dependent on the expertise and experience of ultrasonographers or physicians, and is therefore, associated with inter observer variabilities. Computer Aided Diagnostic (CAD) techniques use a number of different data mining techniques to automatically predict the presence or absence of cancer, and therefore, are more reliable and accurate. A review of published literature in the field of CAD based ovarian cancer detection indicates that many studies use ultrasound images as the base for analysis. The key objective of this work is to propose an effective adjunct CAD technique called GyneScan for ovarian tumor detection in ultrasound images. In our proposed data mining framework, we extract several texture features based on first order statistics, Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix and run length matrix. The significant features selected using t-test are then used to train and test several supervised learning based classifiers such as Probabilistic Neural Networks (PNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Naïve Bayes (NB). We evaluated the developed framework using 1300 benign and 1300 malignant images. Using 11 significant features in KNN/PNN classifiers, we were able to achieve 100% classification accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value in detecting ovarian tumor. Even though more validation using larger databases would better establish the robustness of our technique, the preliminary results are promising. This technique could be used as a reliable adjunct method to existing imaging modalities to provide a more confident second opinion on the presence/absence of ovarian tumor.
Accelerated Chest Pain Treatment With Artificial Intelligence–Informed, Risk-Driven Triage
Authors: Hinson Jeremiah S. , Taylor R. Andrew , Venkatesh Arjun , Steinhart Benjamin D. , Chmura Christopher , Sangal Rohit B. , Levin Scott R.
Published: July 2024

This quality improvement study evaluates the use of artificial intelligence to accelerate triage of patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain.
Mice deficient in the phosphatase activity of sEH show decreased levels of the endocannabinoid 2‐AG in the olfactory bulb and depressive‐like behavior
Authors: Oguro Ami , Kaga Yurino , Sato Hideaki , Fujiyama Taichi , Fujimoto Shinji , Nagai Saki , Matsuyama Makoto , Miyara Masatsugu , Ishihara Yasuhiro , Yamazaki Takeshi , Imaoka Susumu , Kotake Yaichiro
Published: July 2024

Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a bifunctional enzyme that has epoxide hydrolase activity and phosphatase activity. Our earlier study revealed that lysophosphatidic acids are a substrate of the phosphatase activity of sEH in vitro, but its physiological function remained unknown. Herein, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 system and i‐GONAD method to generate mice that are deficient in sEH phosphatase activity. In the mouse brain, sEH was highly expressed in the olfactory bulb. Deletion of the sEH phosphatase activity resulted in decreased levels of the endocannabinoid 2‐arachidonoyl glycerol (2‐AG), which is a dephosphorylated form of 2‐arachidonoyl‐lysophosphatidic acid in the olfactory bulb. The sEH‐deficient mice showed depressive‐like behavior. These results indicate that sEH can regulate the production of 2‐AG and brain function in vivo.
Liquid Metal Alloys Enable Efficient Formate Electrosynthesis
Authors: Huang Haoling , Ding Xue , Mao Xinnan , Yan Yuchen , Lv Fang , Pan Binbin , Huang Wei , Wang Lu , Han Na , Li Yanguang
Published: July 2024

Liquid metals are an interesting class of materials with the unique combination of metallic nature and liquid fluidity, and have recently been explored in many emerging fields. Their potential applications in catalysis, unfortunately, remain largely untapped. Herein, Ga‐mediated liquid metal alloying as an effective strategy is demonstrated to prepare functional alloys for catalysis. The alloying is carried out by dissolving indium or tin pellets in liquid gallium at room temperature or assisted by gentle heating, giving rise to binary Ga1−xInx and Ga1−xSnx liquid metal alloys with tunable chemical compositions. When further subjected to ultrasonication in water, they are ruptured into nanosized particles with liquid metal cores and thin surface oxide shells. Electrochemical measurements reveal that the liquid metal alloying significantly promotes electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to formate. Taking Ga0.75In0.25 as an example, its formate Faradaic efficiency is enhanced by 10%–20% compared to those of Ga and In, and its formate partial current density is 4–6 times larger than those of Ga and In. This enhancement is rationalized via computational simulations showing that the surrounding of In active sites with Ga atoms deactivates the undesirable reaction pathways to CO or H2, and facilitates selective formate electrosynthesis.
FeAu Bimetallic Nanoparticle as Fe(0) Reservoir for Near Infrared Laser Enhanced Ferroptosis/Pyroptosis‐Based Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Ruan Yiling , Wu Xiaojing , Li Keying , Shen Jingjing , Gong Jinglang , Feng Kai , Sun Shouheng , Sun Xiaolian
Published: July 2024

Iron (Fe)‐based nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted considerable attention in nanomedicine research due to their enhancement effects in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cancer therapy. Although zero‐valent Fe (Fe(0)) can serve as an active catalyst to decompose H2O2 into reactive oxygen species (ROS), its activity is compromised in physiological conditions due to its susceptibility to oxidation. Here it is reported that a 9 nm FeAu alloy NP system can efficiently stabilize Fe(0) in neutral pH solution, but release Fe(0) in tumor‐bearing environment, catalyzing H2O2 decomposition to ROS. Although Fe3O4 NPs and Au NPs are well‐known for their biocompatible, FeAu NPs effectively eliminate cancer cells at an IC50 as low as 15 µg mL−1 Fe. Further proteomics analysis reveals that FeAu NPs can concomitantly induce both ferroptosis and pyroptosis. Additional near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation further increases cell death and promotes maturation of dendritic cells within tumor‐draining lymph nodes and infiltration of helper T cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes within tumor sites, resulting in significant reduction in tumor growth and metastasis. The studies demonstrate a great potential of FeAu NPs as a stable Fe(0) reservoir for pH/NIR controlled Fe(0) release and further for ferroptosis and pyroptosis co‐mediated tumor immunotherapy.
Tuning Circularly Polarized Afterglow Color via Modulation of Energy and Chirality Transfer in Co‐Doped Films
Authors: Wei Lingzhong , Guo Song , Zhang Beibei , Jiang Bingli , Wang Yangyang , Liu Zuoan , Xu Yanqi , Gong Yongyang , Liu Yuanli , Yuan Wang Zhang
Published: July 2024

Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials offer exciting potential due to their unique light properties. However, controlling the color of afterglow emission, a key feature for many applications remains a challenge. Here, a co‐doping strategy is presented for precise control of multicolor CPL afterglow in films. This approach utilizes chiral naphthylphosphoric acid derivatives as energy and chirality transfer donors, commonly used fluorescent dye rhodamine B (RB) and PVA are selected as the acceptor and the polymeric matrix, respectively. Remarkably, the co‐doped films exhibit ultra‐long green circular polarization phosphorescence lasting several seconds with high efficiency (14.23%), lifetime (1025.5 ms), and dissymmetry factor (8.44 × 10−3). Crucially, by adjusting the acceptor content, it can precisely tune the phosphorescence‐to‐fluorescence ratio and achieve multicolor afterglow. This control stems from a combination of Förster resonance energy transfer, chirality transfer, and color‐mixing effects. Furthermore, this approach significantly improves the asymmetry factor of the CPL afterglow by an order of magnitude (5.17 × 10−2). It is anticipated that this straightforward approach to precisely regulating the afterglow color of CPL will provide invaluable insights for the future design of highly efficient and innovative CPL materials.