bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
China's Archival Higher Education: Its Features, Problems, and Development
Authors: Xiao Qiuhui , Zhang Xiaojuan , Qiu Ju
Published: October 2015

After a brief description of the origin and overall development of China's archival higher education, this essay analyzes its characteristics, achievements, and problems from the late 1970s to the present. The authors also suggest some solutions to these problems and consider developing trends in China's archival higher education.
The Archive(s) Is a Foreign Country: Historians, Archivists, and the Changing Archival Landscape
Authors: Cook Terry
Published: October 2015

Historians and archivists approach the documentary past differently, as they consider, respectively, the "archive" (singular) and "archives" (plural). The former focuses on issues of power, memory, and identity centered upon the initial inscription of a document (or series of documents). The latter concentrates on the subsequent history of documents over time, including the many interventions by archivists (and others) that transform (and change) that original archive into archives. Despite making good common cause in lobbying over public policy and initially sharing values based on objective, scientific history, the two professions have drifted apart in recent decades. This essay explores the reasons for this divergence by analyzing the history of the two professions and highlighting resulting misconceptions that blind both to deeper nuances of the multiple contexts surrounding records that may enhance their understanding and use. It concludes that archives are not unproblematic storehouses of records awaiting the historian, but active sites of agency and power. Until recently, it has been in the interests of both professions to deny (or at least not interrogate) the subjectivity of archives. Both professions could benefit significantly, therefore, from a renewed partnership centered upon the history of the record to produce better history.
Note from the Editor
Authors: J. Kappos Andreas
Published: October 2015

This is the first issue of the Journal of Smart Cities (JSC), a multidisciplinary forum for publishing original research in the area of smart cities, bringing together scholars from the fields of engineering, urban planning (including transport), computer science, and information and knowledge management. A key objective of the JSC is to promote research for the improvement of all sub-systems of cities, including urban infrastructure, construction, mobility, energy saving and renewable energy, health and social care, safety in the public space, work and innovation, and make the city easily accessible, effective, efficient, and an attractive place to live.
Diagnóstico da poluição ambiental em área de preservação no município de Lagoa Seca - Paraíba
Authors: Pereira Júlia Soares , Guimarães Jean Pereira , Farias Maria Sallydelândia Sobral
Published: October 2015

A água é um recurso natural renovável finito, no entanto sua qualidade vem se agravando decorrente da crescente população e à falta de políticas públicas para a preservação deste recurso. Nesse sentido, este trabalho teve por objetivo diagnosticar a Área de Preservação Ambiental (APA) do Posto de Fomento, localizado no Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais – CCAA, da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba Campus II, onde funciona também a Escola Agrícola Assis Chateaubriand, caracterizado pelos experimentos práticos realizados pelos estudantes técnicos e graduandos, que fica em torno de duas comunidades rurais, Vila Florestal e Ipuarana no município de Lagoa Seca - Paraíba. Foram avaliados os problemas de degradação da área (resíduos sólidos, desmatamento, invasão e retirada de riquezas dentro da área) e qualidade da água de uma fonte dentro da reserva. Assim, constatou-se que em muitos pontos da área há elevado grau de degradação, através da exploração dos recursos naturais e lançamento de resíduos sólidos. A água analisada se enquadra na classe C2, água de salinidade média (CE entre 250 e 750 μS.Cm-1 a 25ºC), podendo ser usada sempre que houver um grau de lixiviação, mostrando boa qualidade para irrigação das culturas existentes. Plantas com moderada tolerância aos sais podem ser cultivadas, na maioria dos casos, sem necessidade de práticas especiais de controle de salinidade.
Grupos funcionais em mesoambientes com piscicultura: efeitos da eutrofização artificial na dinâmica e estrutura funcional do fitoplâncton
Authors: Cruz P. S. , Barbosa L. G. , Rodrigues M. L. , Lima S. M. S. , Ceballos B. S. O.
Published: October 2015

O presente estudo objetiva identificar os grupos funcionais e as espécies descritoras presentes em mesocosmos com piscicultura. O estudo foi realizado no período de janeiro a maio de 2010, com amostragens realizadas em intervalos quinzenais na subsuperfície. As variáveis abióticas obtidas foram: temperatura, transparência da água, zona eufótica, condutividade elétrica, oxigênio dissolvido, pH, n-amoniacal, nitrato, nitrito, fósforo total, fósforo reativo solúvel. Os grupos funcionais foram agrupadas com base nas características ecológicas/adaptativas. Os resultados demonstram que as condições ambientais presente nos mesocosmos favoreceram principalmente espécies R-estrategistas, que apresentam elevado MDL e adaptação às condições ambientais de corpos aquáticos do semiárido, dado seus baixos requerimentos de luz e por serem aptas a explorarem ambientes com águas misturadas. Os grupos funcionais refletiram as mudanças experimentadas pela comunidade algal, fornecendo importantes informações sobre a ecologia dos ambientes, sendo notória a presença de grupos típicos de lagos rasos eutróficos.
Genotypic variation in foundation species generates network structure that may drive community dynamics and evolution
Authors: Lau Matthew K. , Keith Arthur R. , Borrett Stuart R. , Shuster Stephen M. , Whitham Thomas G.
Published: October 2015

Although genetics in a single species is known to impact whole communities, little is known about how genetic variation influences species interaction networks in complex ecosystems. Here, we examine the interactions in a community of arthropod species on replicated genotypes (clones) of a foundation tree species, Populus angustifolia James (narrowleaf cottonwood), in a long‐term, common garden experiment using a bipartite “genotype–species” network perspective. We combine this empirical work with a simulation experiment designed to further investigate how variation among individual tree genotypes can impact network structure. Three findings emerged: (1) the empirical “genotype–species network” exhibited significant network structure with modularity being greater than the highly conservative null model; (2) as would be expected given a modular network structure, the empirical network displayed significant positive arthropod co‐occurrence patterns; and (3) furthermore, the simulations of “genotype–species” networks displayed variation in network structure, with modularity in particular clearly increasing, as genotypic variation increased. These results support the conclusion that genetic variation in a single species contributes to the structure of ecological interaction networks, which could influence ecological dynamics (e.g., assembly and stability) and evolution in a community context.
Ensemble-Based Optimization of the Water-Alternating-Gas-Injection Process
Authors: Chen Bailian , Reynolds Albert C.
Published: October 2015

CO2-water-alternating-gas (CO2-WAG) flooding generally leads to higher recovery than either continuous CO2 flooding or waterflooding. Although CO2 injection increases microscopic displacement efficiency, unless complete miscibility is achieved, suboptimal sweep efficiency may be obtained because of gravity segregation and the channeling of CO2 through high-permeability zones or by viscous fingering. Alternating water injection with CO2 injection results in better mobility control and increases sweep efficiency. Water injection also increases pressure that promotes miscibility. However, poorly designed WAG parameters can result in suboptimal WAG performance. In this work, given the number of WAG cycles and the duration of each WAG cycle, we apply a modification of a standard ensemble-based optimization technique to estimate the optimal well controls that maximize life-cycle net present value (NPV). By optimizing the well controls, we implicitly optimize the WAG ratio (volume of water injected divided by the volume of gas injected). We apply the optimization methodology to a synthetic, channelized reservoir. The performances of optimized WAG flooding, optimized waterflooding, and optimized continuous CO2 flooding are compared. Because of the similarity between WAG and surfactant alternating gas (SAG foam), we also optimize the SAG process and provide a more computationally efficient way to optimize the SAG process with the optimal well controls obtained from WAG as the initial guesses for the optimal controls for SAG.
Hybrid Coupled Discrete-Fracture/Matrix and Multicontinuum Models for Unconventional-Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Jiang Jiamin , Younis Rami M.
Published: October 2015

Unconventional reservoirs are the focus of considerable attention as a primary energy source. Numerical simulation is a core kernel of reservoir-engineering work flows for reservoir evaluation, optimization, and management. Accurate and efficient numerical simulation of unconventional reservoirs is challenging. There is substantial physical complexity involving a number of tightly coupled mechanisms in the modeling of these reservoirs. The complexity is further amplified by the multicontinuum nature of the stimulated formation, and the complex fracture networks with a wide range of fracture-length scales and topologies.

To adequately capture the effects of the multiscaled fracture system, we develop two alternative hybrid approaches that are aimed at combining the advantages of multicontinuum and discrete-fracture/matrix (DFM) representations. During the development of unconventional resources, geological and geophysical information may be available in some cases to suggest a prior characterization, whereas in many other cases, this prior model may be incomplete and limited to hydraulic fractures. The two hybrid approaches could be used for different applications depending on the available characterization data and different requirements for efficiency and accuracy considerations.

The first hybrid model couples an embedded-discrete-fracture model (EDFM) with multiple interacting continua (MINC) into EDFM/MINC, which simulates the fracture network characterized by stimulated-reservoir-volume (SRV) concept. This optimized model can reduce the computational cost that is associated with the widely applied logarithmically spaced/locally refined (LS/LR) DFM technique, while improving the flexibility to model the complex geometry of hydraulic fractures. The MINC concept allows the hybrid model to handle the extreme contrast in conductivity between the small-scale fracture network and the ultratight matrix that results in steep potential gradients.

For the second class of hybrid model (unstructured DFM/continuum), the primary fractures are described by use of DFM with unstructured gridding, and the small-scale fractures are simulated by continuum-type approaches in a fully coupled manner. Optimized local-grid refinement is used to accurately handle the transient-flow regime around primary fractures. An upscaling technique that applies EDFM on the detailed realization of the discrete-fracture network by use of the target unstructured grid to generate an appropriate dual-permeability model is also developed. The upscaling technique is suitable for cases where a detailed prior model for the complete fracture network is available.

Simulation studies demonstrate the applicability of the developed hybrid-fracture models. Model verification is conducted against several reference solutions.
Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on health and performance of dairy cows during transition and early lactation period
Authors: Bakr H.A. , Hassan M.S. , Giadinis N.D. , Panousis N. , Ostojic-Andric D. , El-Tawab Abd , Bojkovski J.
Published: October 2015

Data concerning the effect of probiotics supplementation on many parameters
concurrently at the same cows are lacking. Therefore, the objective of this
experiment was to investigate the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae feeding
on rumen, blood and milk parameters together in highproducing dairy cattle
during the transition and early lactation period. Sixteen clinically healthy
Holstein cows were divided into 2 groups: a control group of 6 cows and a
probiotics-fed group of 10 cows. Rumen fluid and blood samples were collected
21 days before the expected calving as well as 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 daysin-
milk (DIM). Milk yield for each animal was recorded every 2 weeks. Individual
milk samples were collected 15, 30, 45 and 60 DIM. Ruminal pH and rumen
ammonia nitrogen were significantly lower, whereas total volatile fatty acids
were significantly higher in yeast-fed animals compared with controls
throughout the study. Serum concentrations of total proteins and globulins
were higher, while albumins were lower in the yeast-treated group. Serum
glucose levels were significantly higher in yeast-supplemented animals. Serum
triglycerides, high density lipoproteins, and low density lipoproteins
concentrations were lower, with cholesterol being significantly lower in the
treated group. Milk production and milk fat percentage were higher, whereas
milk protein percentage and somatic cell count were decreased in
yeast-supplemented cows throughout the study. These results suggest that
supplementation of S. cerevisiae to dairy cows rations during transition and
early lactation period improve their health and milk production parameters.
Fast and sensitive determination of camel’s and goat's meat and milk using species-specific genetic markers
Authors: Abdel-Rahman S.M. , Elmaghraby A.M. , Haggag A.S.
Published: October 2015

For the fast and sensitive determination of camel's and goat's meat and milk,
species-specific regions (SSR) of follicle stimulating hormone receptor
(FSHR) gene in both camel and goat were amplified using PCR technique. DNA
was extracted from small amount of muscles (0.05 gm) and very little of fresh
milk (100 ?l) to amplify specific DNA sequences of FSHR gene in both camel
and goat using designed species-specific primer pairs. PCR amplified fragment
size was 300 bp in camel?s meat and milk, while the fragment size in goat's
meat and milk was 855 bp. The use of species-specific regions of FSHR gene
allowed direct and fast detection of adulteration and authentication of
camel's and goat's meat and milk.
O jednom pokusaju prekrajanja istorije srpske filozofije
Authors: Djuric Drago
Published: October 2015

Okosnicu ovog tematskog bloka cine tekstovi pripremljeni za tribinu posvecenu
drugom, prepravljenom i dopunjenom izdanju knjige Slobodana Zunjica Istorija
srpske filozofije (Beograd: Zavod za udzbenike, 2014), koja je u organizaciji
Odeljenja za filozofiju Filozofskog fakulteta u Beogradu odrzana na
Filozofskom fakultetu 23.05.2015. godine. Osim sto je tribina javno oglasena,
poziv da u njoj uzme ucesce upucen je i akademiku Danilu N. Basti, recenzentu
Zunjiceve knjige, ali se on tom pozivu nije odazvao. Tribina je najavljena u
Saopstenju za javnost kojim je Odeljenje za filozofiju Filozofskog fakulteta
reagovalo na netacne i tendenciozne ocene koje su u Zunjicevoj knjizi iznete
na racun njegovih clanova, pa i to Saopstenje ovde u celini donosimo.
Istorija filozofije bez filozofije
Authors: Djuric Drago
Published: October 2015

nema
Effects of Spatial and Temporal Constraints on Interceptive Aiming Task Performance and Gaze Control
Authors: Lim Jongil
Published: October 2015

The perceptual process of obtaining and using visual information plays a critical role in determining the quality of interception performance. Eye-movement characteristics and their association with interception accuracy where the constraints imposed on the task influence the eye-movement control are not well understood. The effects of spatial and temporal constraints were examined and associated with target motion on interception accuracy and gaze control strategy. Twenty-four ( M = 28 yr., SD = 10; 10 women) inexperienced dart throwers volunteered for the study. Eye movements were measured while the participants attempted to intercept a horizontally moving target with a thrown dart. A mixed design experiment was employed with a between- (specification of interception point) and a within- (target speed) subjects factor. As target speed increased, spatial errors about the moving target increased but temporal errors decreased. Specifying a fixed location for target interception resulted in greater errors about the moving target. The point of gaze tended to center on the interception point, and this became more evident with increased target speed and the specification of a fixed interception point. The experimental findings provide support for a visual search strategy that exhibits compliance with the constraints of the task.
The Role of Personality Characteristics of Athletes in Coach–Athlete Relationships
Authors: Aşçi F. Hülya , Kelecek Selen , Altintaş Atahan
Published: October 2015

This study investigated the relationship between athletes' personality characteristics and the quality of the coach–athlete relationship. 84 female ( M age = 20.6 yr., SD = 2.8) and 129 male ( M age = 22.0 yr., SD = 3.3) elite youth athletes competing at least for 7 yr. participated in this study. The Five-Factor Personality Inventory (short version) and the Quality of Relationships Inventory were administered to all participants. Stepwise multiple regression analysis assessed which of the five personality factors predicted scores for the different subscales of the Quality of Relationships Inventory (Depth, Support, and Conflict). Results indicated that depth of relationship was not predicted by personality factors. On the other hand, neuroticism and extraversion were significant predictors of support dimension of relationship. Analysis indicated that conscientiousness was the strongest predictor of conflict. In conclusion, athletes' personality characteristics may be important in determining the quality of the coach–athlete relationship.
Simone de Beauvoir and the Ambiguity of Childhood
Authors: Beauvais Clémentine
Published: October 2015

This article explores Simone de Beauvoir's conceptualization of childhood and its importance for her existentialist thought. Beauvoir's theorization of childhood, I argue, offers a sophisticated portrayal of the child and of the adult–child relationship: the child is not a normal ‘other’ for the adult, but what I call a temporal other, perceived by adults as an ambiguous being; in turn, childhood is conceptualized as the origin of the ambiguity of adulthood. This foregrounding of childhood has important implications for Beauvoir's existentialism, in particular regarding her ethics. Through the adult–child relationship, her vision of an ethical relation to otherness emerges — one which foregrounds both the violence and the mutual liberation involved in encounters with the other.
Lacan's Sade: The Politics of Happiness
Authors: Wright Colin
Published: October 2015

This article assesses the contemporary relevance of Sade's work and thought by returning to Jacques Lacan's interpretation of it. It is argued that if the Sadean emphasis on sexual freedom has been co-opted by neoliberal capitalism, this is in part thanks to avant-garde intellectuals of the twentieth century who approached Sade through a simplistically libidinal reading of Freud. By contrast, the article argues that Lacan's more sophisticated reading of Freud enables him in turn to situate Sade amidst eighteenth-century philosophical and political debates regarding, not sexual pleasure or revolutionary desire, but happiness. Lacan shows that Sade was already challenging the modern, and today market-based, notion of a ‘right to happiness’ with the ‘maxim for jouissance’ he asserted in La Philosophie dans le boudoir. This more troubling Sade, it is claimed, opens up the possibility of a perverse ethic distinct from the ‘polymorphous perversity’ characteristic of contemporary consumer culture and its related conceptions of happiness.
Aqueous Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the M. tuberculosis Enoyl-ACP Reductase-NADH System and Its Complex with a Substrate Mimic or Diphenyl Ethers Inhibitors
Authors: Lima Camilo , De Alencastro Ricardo , Kaiser Carlos , De Souza Marcus , Rodrigues Carlos , Albuquerque Magaly
Published: October 2015

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of 12 aqueous systems of the NADH-dependent enoyl-ACP reductase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (InhA) were carried out for up to 20–40 ns using the GROMACS 4.5 package. Simulations of the holoenzyme, holoenzyme-substrate, and 10 holoenzyme-inhibitor complexes were conducted in order to gain more insight about the secondary structure motifs of the InhA substrate-binding pocket. We monitored the lifetime of the main intermolecular interactions: hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic contacts. Our MD simulations demonstrate the importance of evaluating the conformational changes that occur close to the active site of the enzyme-cofactor complex before and after binding of the ligand and the influence of the water molecules. Moreover, the protein-inhibitor total steric (ELJ) and electrostatic (EC) interaction energies, related to Gly96 and Tyr158, are able to explain 80% of the biological response variance according to the best linear equation, pKi = 7.772 − 0.1885 × Gly96 + 0.0517 × Tyr158 (R2 = 0.80; n = 10), where interactions with Gly96, mainly electrostatic, increase the biological response, while those with Tyr158 decrease. These results will help to understand the structure-activity relationships and to design new and more potent anti-TB drugs.
A Backward Unlinkable Secret Handshake Scheme with Revocation Support in the Standard Model
Authors: Wen Yamin , Gong Zheng , Xu Lingling
Published: October 2015

Secret handshake schemes have been proposed to achieve private mutual authentications, which allow the members of a certain organization to anonymously authenticate each other without exposing their affiliations. In this paper, a backward unlinkable secret handshake scheme with revocation support (BU-RSH) is constructed. For a full-fledged secret handshake scheme, it is indispensable to furnish it with practical functionality, such as unlinkability, revocation and traceability. The revocation is achieved in the BU-RSH scheme, as well as the unlinkability and the traceability. Moreover, the anonymity of revoked members is improved, so that the past transcripts of revoked members remain private, i.e., backward unlinkability. In particular, the BU-RSH scheme is provably secure in the standard model by assuming the intractability of the `-hidden strong Diffie-Hellman problem and the subgroup decision problem.
Molecular Mechanism Underlying the Entomotoxic Effect of Colocasia esculenta Tuber Agglutinin against Dysdercus cingulatus
Authors: # Amit , Das Sampa
Published: October 2015

Colocasia esculenta tuber agglutinin (CEA), a mannose binding lectin, exhibits insecticidal efficacy against different hemipteran pests. Dysdercus cingulatus, red cotton bug (RCB), has also shown significant susceptibility to CEA intoxication. However, the molecular basis behind such entomotoxicity of CEA has not been addressed adequately. The present study elucidates the mechanism of insecticidal efficacy of CEA against RCB. Confocal and scanning electron microscopic analyses documented CEA binding to insect midgut tissue, resulting in an alteration of perimicrovillar membrane (PMM) morphology. Internalization of CEA into insect haemolymph and ovary was documented by western blotting analyses. Ligand blot followed by mass spectrometric identification revealed the cognate binding partners of CEA as actin, ATPase and cytochrome P450. Deglycosylation and mannose inhibition assays indicated the interaction to probably be mannose mediated. Bioinformatic identification of putative glycosylation or mannosylation sites in the binding partners further supports the sugar mediated interaction. Correlating entomotoxicity of CEA with immune histological and binding assays to the insect gut contributes to a better understanding of the insecticidal potential of CEA and endorses its future biotechnological application.
Droplet Microfluidic Technique for the Study of Fermentation
Authors: Churski Krzysztof , Ruszczak Artur , Jakiela Slawomir , Garstecki Piotr
Published: October 2015

We demonstrate a technique that uses microdroplets for culturing and selecting bacterial cultures in a model biotechnological application. We propose an assay for determination of ethanol concentration that provides increased dynamic range and is compatible with droplet microfluidic screening technologies. The assay comprises two enzymes—alcohol oxidase (AOX) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)—and a colorimetric readout system of phenol-4-sulfonic acid (PSA) and 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAP). The microdroplet method provides high repeatability (a relative error of measured ethanol concentration < 5%), high specificity for ethanol, low consumption of reagents and wide dynamic range (1–70 g·L-1) compared to existing assays. We report the use of this method in a screen of ethanol generation efficiency of Zymomonas mobilis (strain 3881) against the concentration of glucose in the culture media.
Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation of N-Oxide Derivatives for the Prevention of Atherothrombotic Events
Authors: Rosseto Leandro , Pires Maria , Melchior Aylime , Bosquesi Priscila , Pavan Aline , Marcondes Sisi , Chung Man , Santos Jean
Published: October 2015

Thrombosis is the main outcome of many cardiovascular diseases. Current treatments to prevent thrombotic events involve the long-term use of antiplatelet drugs. However, this therapy has several limitations, thereby justifying the development of new drugs. A series of N-oxide derivatives (furoxan and benzofuroxan) were synthesized and characterized as potential antiplatelet/antithrombotic compounds. All compounds (3a,b, 4a,b, 8a,b, 9a,b, 13a,b and 14a,b) inhibited platelet aggregation induced by adenosine-5-diphosphate, collagen, and arachidonic acid. All compounds protected mice from pulmonary thromboembolism induced by a mixture of collagen and epinephrine; however, benzofuroxan derivatives (13a,b and 14a,b) were the most active compounds, reducing thromboembolic events by up to 80%. N-oxide derivative 14a did not induce genotoxicity in vivo. In conclusion, 14a has emerged as a new antiplatelet/antithrombotic prototype useful for the prevention of atherothrombotic events.
Potential of Essential Oils as Penetration Enhancers for Transdermal Administration of Ibuprofen to Treat Dysmenorrhoea
Authors: Chen Jun , Jiang Qiu-Dong , Wu Ye-Ming , Liu Pei , Yao Jun-Hong , Lu Qing , Zhang Hui , Duan Jin-Ao
Published: October 2015

The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare five essential oils (EOs) as penetration enhancers (PEs) to improve the transdermal drug delivery (TDD) of ibuprofen to treat dysmenorrhoea. The EOs were prepared using the steam distillation method and their chemical compositions were identified by GC-MS. The corresponding cytotoxicities were evaluated in epidermal keartinocyte HaCaT cell lines by an MTT assay. Furthermore, the percutaneous permeation studies were carried out to compare the permeation enhancement effect of EOs. Then the therapeutic efficacy of ibuprofen with EOs was evaluated using dysmenorrheal model mice. The data supports a decreasing trend of skin cell viability in which Clove oil >Angelica oil > Chuanxiong oil > Cyperus oil > Cinnamon oil >> Azone. Chuanxiong oil and Angelica oil had been proved to possess a significant permeation enhancement for TDD of ibuprofen. More importantly, the pain inhibitory intensity of ibuprofen hydrogel was demonstrated to be greater with Chuanxiong oil when compared to ibuprofen without EOs (p < 0.05). The contents of calcium ion and nitric oxide (NO) were also significantly changed after the addition of Chuanxiong oil (p < 0.05). In summary, we suggest that Chuanxiong oil should be viewed as the best PE for TDD of ibuprofen to treat dysmenorrhea.
Health Behaviours during Pregnancy in Women with Very Severe Obesity
Authors: Mohd-Shukri Nor , Duncan Andrew , Denison Fiona , Forbes Shareen , Walker Brian , Norman Jane , Reynolds Rebecca
Published: October 2015

The health behaviours of pregnant women with very severe obesity are not known, though these women are at high risk of pregnancy complications. We carried out a prospective case-control study including 148 very severely obese (BMI >40 kg/m2) and 93 lean (BMI <25 kg/m2) pregnant women. Diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol and folic acid consumption were assessed by questionnaire in early and late (16 and 28 weeks gestation) pregnancy. Circulating levels of iron, vitamin B12 and folate and other essential trace elements and minerals were measured in a subset at each time point. The findings biochemically confirmed that very severely obese women consumed diets that were energy-rich but poor in essential micronutrients. A third of all women met physical activity recommendations for pregnancy. A third of very severely obese women and two thirds of lean women took folic acid supplements prior to pregnancy. Very severely obese women were more likely to smoke but less likely to drink alcohol than lean women (all p < 0.05). Women with very severe obesity have low self-reported intakes and circulating levels of essential micronutrients in pregnancy and few follow current recommendations for pregnancy nutrition and lifestyle. These high-risk women represent a group to target for education about health behaviours prior to and during pregnancy.
Recent applications of ring-rearrangement metathesis in organic synthesis
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Meshram Milind , Khedkar Priti , Banerjee Shaibal , Deodhar Deepak
Published: October 2015

Ring-rearrangement metathesis (RRM) involves multiple metathesis processes such as ring-opening metathesis (ROM)/ring-closing metathesis (RCM) in a one-pot operation to generate complex targets. RRM delivers complex frameworks that are difficult to assemble by conventional methods. The noteworthy point about this type of protocol is multi-bond formation and it is an atom economic process. In this review, we have covered literature that appeared during the last seven years (2008–2014).
Interrogative serial verb constructions in Kavalan
Authors: Lin Dong-Yi
Published: October 2015

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Variations in Tsou Numeral Expressions: Multipliers, Exponents, and Related Issues
Authors: Lin Gujing
Published: October 2015

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Cyclic Agreement and Empty Slots in Pazar Laz
Authors: Atlamaz Ümt
Published: October 2015

This paper discusses the compatibility of templatic morphology and cyclic agreement on verbal agreement prefixes in Pazar Laz. It is based on templatic morphology and introduces the following questions: Can agreement slots on verbal agreement remain empty through the steps of derivation? Is there insertion of a dummy element in cases when arguments are deficient in terms of agreement The organization of the paper is as the following: It first introduces the relevant background information about templatic morphology and then, it presents data from Pazar Laz to show that it has a templatic morphology on verbs. In section 3 we propose a cyclic agreement model based on Bejar and Rezac (2009) and discuss with relevant data. Section 4 summarizes and concludes the paper.
The Inflectional Accent in Basque and Indo-European
Authors: Grundt Alice Wyland
Published: October 2015

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The long and short of Aztec dialects
Authors: Knab Tim
Published: October 2015

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Reconstruction of pronominal elements in Takic
Authors: Langacker Ronald W.
Published: October 2015

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Copular sentences in Pima
Authors: Munro Pamela
Published: October 2015

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On being possessed
Authors: Steele Susan
Published: October 2015

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Person, number, gender in Chinook: Syntactic rule and morphological analogy
Authors: Silverstein Michael
Published: October 2015

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On some questions of areal linguistics
Authors: Hamp Eric
Published: October 2015

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Counting and Bare Plurals
Authors: Werner Tom
Published: October 2015

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STREAM SELF-PURIFICATION EFFICIENCY / REGULIUOTO UPELIO SAVAIMINIO APSIVALYMO EFEKTYVUMO VERTINIMAS
Authors: Marozaitė Laima , Šaulys Valentinas
Published: October 2015

The article identifies factors that have influence on the processes of river self-purification from biogenic substances when the stretches of the river are regulated and unregulated. In order to assess and compare the processes of self-purification, regulated and unregulated stretches of the river of the same length were chosen. It can be showed conclusively that the river in the unregulated stretch purifies from biogenic substances better. Rate a of nitrates self-purification in an unregulated stretch was 0.42 and in regulated stretch it was 0.106. Rate a of phosphates self-purification in an unregulated stretch was 0.286 and in regulated stretch it was 0.22.
Straipsnyje nagrinėjami veiksniai, darantys įtaką upių savaiminio apsivalymo procesams nuo biogeninių medžiagų, kai upės ruožai yra reguliuoti ir nereguliuoti. Savaiminio apsivalymo procesams vertinti ir lyginti buvo pasirinkti vienodo ilgio reguliuotas ir nereguliuotas upės ruožai. Beveik užtikrintai galime teigti, kad nereguliuotame ruože upelis nuo biogeninių medžiagų apsivalo geriau. Nitratų savaiminio apsivalymo koeficientas a nereguliuotame ruože lygus 0,42, o reguliuotame – 0,106. Fosfatų savaiminio apsivalymo koeficientas a nereguliuotame ruože lygus 0,286, o reguliuotame – 0,22.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES AND COMPARISON ON AERODYNAMIC PARAMETERS AND CLEANING EFFICIENCY OF MULTI-LEVEL MULTI-CHANNEL CYCLONE / DAUGIALYGIŲ DAUGIAKANALIŲ CIKLONŲ AERODINAMINIŲ PARAMETRŲ IR VALYMO EFEKTYVUMO EKSPERIMENTINIAI TYRIMAI IR PALYGINIMAS
Authors: Chlebnikovas Aleksandras , Baltrėnas Pranas
Published: October 2015

Multi-level multi-channel cyclone – the lately designed air cleaning device that can remove ultra-fine 20 μm particulatematter (PM) from dusted air and reach over 95% of the overall cleaning efficiency. Multi-channel cyclone technology is based on centrifugal forces and has the resulting additional filtering process operation. Multi-level structure of cyclone allows to achieve higher air flow cleaning capacity at the same dimensions of the device, thus saving installation space required for the job, production and operating costs. Studies have examined the air flow parameters change in one–, two– and three–levels multichannel cyclone. These constructions differ according to the productivity of cleaned air under the constant peripheral and transitional (50/50 case) air flow relations. Accordance with the results of air flow dynamics – velocity distribution of multi-channel cyclone, aerodynamic resistance and efficiency can be judged on the flow turbulence, the flow channel cross-section and select the most appropriate application. Cleaning efficiency studies were carried out using fine granite and wood ashes PM. The maximum cleaning efficiency was 93.3%, at an average of 4.5 g/m3, the aerodynamic resistance was equal to 1525 Pa. Nagrinėjami daugialygiai daugiakanaliai ciklonai – naujos kartos oro valymo įrenginiai, galintys pašalinti iš užterštų oro srautų ypač smulkias kietąsias daleles nuo 2 mikronų dydžio bei pasiekti virš 95 % bendrą valymo efektyvumą. Daugiakanalių ciklonų darbas pagrįstas išcentrinių jėgų bei papildomai atsirandančio filtracijos proceso veikimu. Daugialygio ciklono konstrukcija leidžia pasiekti didesnio valomo oro srauto debitą, esant tiems patiems įrenginio matmenims, taip sutaupant įrenginio darbui reikalingą plotą, gamybos bei eksploatacines išlaidas. Atliktuose tyrimuose nagrinėjamas oro srauto parametrų kitimas vieno, dviejų ir trijų lygių daugiakanaliame ciklone, kintant valomo oro debitui, esant tolygiam 50/50 periferinio/tranzitinio oro srauto santykiui. Pagal gautą oro srauto dinamiką, greičių pasiskirstymą daugiakanalio ciklono kanaluose, nustatytą pasipriešinimą bei valymo efektyvumą galima spręsti apie srauto turbulentiškumą, srautų judėjimą kanalų skerspjūviuose ir parinkti tinkamiausią pritaikymą. Valymo efektyvumo tyrimai atlikti panaudojant granito bei medienos pelenų ypač smulkias kietąsias daleles. Didžiausias valymo efektyvumas siekė 93,3 %, esant vidutinei kietųjų dalelių 4,5 g/m3 koncentracijai, kai aerodinaminis pasipriešinimas buvo lygus 1525 Pa.
FORMALDEHYDE REMOVAL FROM WASTEWATER APPLYING NATURAL ZEOLITE / FORMALDEHIDO ŠALINIMAS IŠ NUOTEKŲ PANAUDOJANT GAMTINĮ CEOLITĄ
Authors: Kulikauskaitė Dovilė , Paliulis Dainius
Published: October 2015

Formaldehyde is one of the most chemically active compounds which is discharged with untreated or just partially treated industrial wastewater. It is hazardous for environment and humans. Formaldehyde vapors can strongly irritate skin, can cause damage to eyes and harm respiratory tract. As long as formaldehyde causes a toxic effect on environment and living organisms, it is necessary to remove it from wastewater which is directed to natural water. There are many methods used for formaldehyde removal from wastewater: biological method, evaporation, membrane separation method. Most of them have disadvantages. Adsorption method has many advantages: it is fast, cheap, and universal, and can be widely used, therefore it was chosen for this research. Experiment was carried out with natural zeolite in different contact time with different concentration formaldehyde solutions. Concentration of formaldehyde was determined applying the Photocolorimetric Method. Method is based on reaction of formaldehyde with chromotropic acid and determination of formaldehyde concentration. Determined average sorption efficiency was highest when formaldehyde concentration was lowest, e. g. 2 mg/l (45.94%) after eight hours of contact time with adsorbent. Sorption efficiency was increasing when the contact time increased, but when the contact time increased to 12 hours, sorption efficiency stayed the same because of the saturation of zeolite.
Formaldehidas yra vienas iš aktyviausių junginių, kuris išleidžiamas į aplinką kartu su nevalytomis ar iš dalies išvalytomis gamybinėmis nuotekomis. Jis yra pavojingas tiek aplinkai, tiek žmonėms. Formaldehido garai stipriai dirgina akis ir kvėpavimo sistemą. Kadangi formaldehidas yra pavojingas žmonėms ir visiems gyviems organizmams, jis turi būti šalinamas iš gamybinių nuotekų. Sorbcijos metodas turi daug privalumų: jis yra greitas, pigus ir universalus, todėl vienas iš labiausiai perspektyvių vandens valymo metodų – sorbcija. Tai pagrindinė priežastis, kodėl sorbcinis metodas buvo pasirinktas eksperimentiniams tyrimams. Eksperimentiniai tyrimai buvo atlikti naudojat gamtinį ceolitą, buvo parinktas skirtingas formaldehido tirpalo kontakto laikas su adsorbentu ir matuojama teršalų koncentracija po kontakto su adsorbentu. Šis metodas yra paremtas formaldehido reakcija su chromotropine rūgštimi. Sorbcijos efektyvumas augo ilgėjant kontakto su ceolitu laikui, tačiau po 12 valandų efektyvumas nebedidėjo dėl to, kad sorbentas įsisotino.
CONDUCTIVITY TESTING AND EVALUATION / PAVIRŠINIŲ NUOTEKŲ FILTRO HIDRAULINIO LAIDUMO TYRIMAI IR VERTINIMAS
Authors: Makaravičiūtė Lygita , Marčiulaitienė Eglė
Published: October 2015

Surface wastewater is consideredas effluents, which are formed on the surface of urbanized areas. Stormwater treatment is performed out using a variety of filters: sand, grass. Wastewater penetration into the deeper layers is called hydraulic conductivity. After evaluation of the hydraulic conductivity, it is possible to determine the ability of the investigated fillers to entrap the stormwater flow. The hydraulic conductivity tests can indicate which fillers of stormwater filters may influence the more effective stormwater cleaning. Four stormwater filters were tested: crushed autoclaved aerated concrete filter; crushed autoclaved aerated concrete with Meadow grass (Poa pratensis) layer; silica sand filter with Meadow grass (Poa pratensis) layer; silica sand filter. Under in-situ conditions hydraulic conductivity in filters is investigated using Constant-head method. Mathematical modeling program Hydrus-1D presentsthe changes of hydraulic conductivity in each filler layer of the filter. Assessed hydraulic conductivity in filters under in-situ conditions hasn‘t changed only in crushed autoclaved aerated concrete filter (30 000 mm/d). The smallest hydraulic conductivity in filters under in-situ conditions was estimated in silica sand filter with Meadow grass (Poa pratensis) layer, here it was equal to 209.3 mm/d.With mathematical modeling program Hydrus-1D it was found that the hydraulic conductivity in each filter decreases, depending on the depth of filler in the filter.
Paviršinėmis nuotekomis laikomos tokios, kurios susidaro ant urbanizuotos teritorijos paviršiaus. Paviršinių nuotekų valymas atliekamas taikant įvairius filtrus – smėlio, augalinius. Nuotekų skverbimasis į gilesnius sluoksnius vadinamas hidrauliniu laidumu. Įvertinus hidraulinį laidumą galima nustatyti tiriamų filtro užpildų gebėjimą sulaikyti atitekėjusių paviršinių nuotekų srautą filtro užpilduose. Atlikus hidraulinio laidumo tyrimus, galima nustatyti, kurie paviršinių nuotekų filtro užpildai gali lemti efektyvesnį paviršinių nuotekų išvalymą. Tiriami keturi paviršinių nuotekų filtrai: smulkinto autoklavinio akytojo betono filtras; smulkinto autoklavinio akytojo betono ir pievinės miglės dangos filtras; kvarcinio smėlio filtras su pievinės miglės danga; kvarcinio smėlio filtras. Natūrinėmis sąlygomis hidraulinio laidumo tyrimas atliekamas, taikant Constant-Head metodą. Matematinio modeliavimo programa Hydrus-1D pateikiama, kaip kinta hidraulinis laidumas kiekviename filtro užpildo sluoksnyje. Nustatytas hidraulinis laidumas filtruose natūrinėmis sąlygomis nekito smulkinto autoklavinio akytojo betono filtre (30 000 mm/d). Mažiausias hidraulinis laidumas natūrinėmis sąlygomis nustatytas kvarcinio smėlio filtre su pievinės miglės (Poa pratensis) augalinės dangos sluoksniu, čia jis nustatytas 209,3 mm/d. Matematinio modeliavimo programa Hydrus-1D nustatyta, kad hidraulinis laidumas filtruose mažėja priklausomai nuo filtro užpildo gylio.
PERMEABILITY OF DIFFERENT SIZE WASTE PARTICLES / SKIRTINGO DYDŽIO ATLIEKŲ DALELIŲ LAIDUMAS DRĖGMEI
Authors: Gavelytė Sabina , Bazienė Kristina , Woodman Nick , Stringfellow Anne
Published: October 2015

The world and life style is changing, but the most popular disposal route for waste is landfill globally until now. We have to think about waste prevention and preparing for re-use or recycling firstly, according to the waste disposal hierarchy. Disposed waste to the landfill must be the last opportunity. In a landfill, during waste degradation processes leachate is formed that can potentially cause clogging of bottom drainage layers. To ensure stability of a landfill construction, the physical properties of its components have to be controlled. The hydrology of precipitation, evaporation, runoff and the hydraulic performance of the capping and liner materials are important controls of the moisture content. The water balance depends also on the waste characteristics and waste particle size distribution. The aim of this paper is to determine the hydraulic permeability in a landfill depending on the particle size distribution of municipal solid waste disposed. The lab experiment results were compared with the results calculated with DEGAS model. Samples were taken from a landfill operated for five years. The samples particle sizes are: >100 mm, 80 mm, 60 mm, 40 mm, 20 mm, 0.01 mm and <0.01 mm. The permeability test was conducted using the column test. The paper presents the results of experiment and DEGAS model water permeability with waste particle size.
Gyvenimo būdas kiekvieną dieną keičiasi, bet vienas populiariausių būdų šalinti atliekas yra sąvartynai. Pagal atliekų šalinimo hierarchiją pirmiausia, jas šalindami, turėtumėme galvoti apie tai, kaip išvengti atliekų ir paruošti jas naudoti dar kartą. Šalinti atliekas sąvartynuose turėtų būti paskutinė galimybė. Sąvartyne vykstant biodegradacijai susiformuoja filtratas, kuris dėl sudėtingos sudėties lemia filtrato surinkimo sistemų kolmataciją. Siekdami užtikrinti stabilumą sąvartyne, turime smulkinti ar suslėgti atliekas. Kritulių, garavimo kontroliavimas yra svarbus, užtikrinant tam tikrą komunalinių atliekų drėgnumą. Vandens balansas atliekų masėje taip pat priklauso nuo atliekų savybių ir atliekų dalelių dydžio. Šio darbo tikslas yra nustatyti vandens laidumą sąvartyne priklausomai nuo komunalinių atliekų dalelių dydžio pasiskirstymo. Laboratorinio eksperimento metu gauti rezultatai buvo palyginti su DEGAS modeliu gautais rezultatais. Tyrimui mėginiai buvo paimti iš sąvartyno, kurio amžius yra penkeri metai. Mėginių dalelių dydžiai yra: >100 mm, 80 mm, 60 mm, 40 mm, 20 mm, 0,01 mm ir <0,01 mm. Laidumo tyrimas buvo atliktas taikant kolonėlės testą. Straipsnyje pateikiami eksperimento metu ir taikant DEGAS modelį apskaičiuoti vandens laidumo rezultatai, esant skirtingo dydžio atliekų dalelėms.
RESEARCHES OF ODOUR EMITTED BY HOUSEHOLD WASTE / MAISTO ATLIEKŲ SKLEIDŽIAMŲ KVAPŲ TYRIMAI IR VERTINIMAS
Authors: Marčiulaitienė Eglė , Lukauskas Tadas
Published: October 2015

The article deals with odour emitted by household waste, the chemical composition of household waste. The experiment was made with food waste (1000 g) placed in 5 litter containers. Food waste was containing products of animal origin (meat, fish, dairy products) and plant origin (vegetables, fruit) waste. Time of the experiment was 14 days 19±3 °C at environment temperature. Odour concentration is determined by dynamic olfactometry method. Studies have shown that the strongest odour of all household waste used in this experiment was emitted by meat and fish waste (76 444 OUE/m3). Meat and fish waste emits the strongest odour as waste contains proteins, their decomposition releases into the environment a strong unpleasant odour, hydrogen sulphide and ammonia. Protein degradation releases into the environment are, characterized by a strong unpleasant smell of hydrogen sulphide and ammonia gas. During the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter a variety of other fragrant compounds: alcohols (e.g., ethanol and methanol), vinegar, formic acid, etc. is found. Straipsnyje nagrinėjami eksperimentiniai tyrimai, susiję su kvapų išsiskyrimu iš biologiškai skaidžių maisto (virtuvės) atliekų. Eksperimentas atliekamas maisto atliekas (po 1000 g) sudėjus į 5 litrų talpas. Maisto atliekas sudaro gyvūninės (mėsa, žuvis, pieno produktai) ir augalinės (daržovės, vaisiai) kilmės atliekos. Eksperimentas vyko 14 parų 19±3 °C aplinkos temperatūroje. Kvapo koncentracija nustatoma dinaminės olfaktometrijos metodu. Tyrimais nustatytos stipriausią kvapą skleidžiančios virtuvės atliekos: mėsos ir žuvies atliekos (76444 OUE/m3). Mėsos ir žuvies atliekos skleidžia stipriausią kvapą, nes šių atliekų sudėtyje yra daug baltymų. Skylant baltymams į aplinką išsiskiria stipriu nemaloniu kvapu pasižyminčios sieros vandenilio ir amoniako dujos. Vykstant anaerobiniam organinių medžiagų skaidymui, taip pat susidaro daug kitų kvapnių junginių: alkoholiai (pvz., etanolis ir metanolis), actas, skruzdžių rūgštis ir kt.
Analysis of air-to-water heat pump in cold climate: comparison between experiment and simulation
Authors: Januševičius Karolis , Streckienė Giedrė
Published: October 2015

Heat pump systems are promising technologies for current and future buildings and this research presents the performance of air source heat pump (ASHP) system. The system was monitored, analysed and simulated using TRNSYS software. The experimental data were used to calibrate the simulation model of ASHP. The specific climate conditions are evaluated in the model. It was noticed for the heating mode that the coefficient of performance (COP) varied from 1.98 to 3.05 as the outdoor temperature changed from –7.0 ºC to +5.0 ºC, respectively. TRNSYS simulations were also performed to predict seasonal performance factor of the ASHP for Vilnius city. It was identified that seasonal performance prediction could be approximately 15% lower if frost formation effects are not included to air-water heat pump simulation model.