bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On issue of justification for implementation of construction project of sports complex for residential district tura in city of Tyumen
Authors: Khait A N , Kovalyov A S
Published: December 2019

The basic principles of implementing the projects of construction of sports facilities are stated in the article, the necessity of application of the project documentation of reuse is proved. The authors list the purposes and tasks of the Government of the Tyumen region for improving the quality of people existence in the region and consider laws, concepts and programs of development of the Tyumen region and the city of Tyumen. The advantages of public-private partnership are defined, the standard project of a sports complex which will form the basis for updating the offered business idea is presented. The land plot for implementing the construction project of a sports complex is presented. In the article the possible consequences of non-compliance with standards at design of sports constructions are also briefly described. In addition, the authors note the importance of analyzing all possible sources of the generation of profit and need of the maximum optimization of construction cost for the purpose of reducing a payback period of the project.
Educational building safety
Authors: Polyantseva E R
Published: December 2019

The article proposes a crime prevention approach to create educational environment and particular buildings. The author explores a structural and architectural type of the educational facilities, presents some examples of these objects, identifying the main problems associated with the protection of educational buildings from criminal activity and defines the features that help to improve the safety: strong links between the building and its surrounding, establishment of semi-public and semiprivate areas, or the buffering zones, visual transparence and simplicity of communication. The author describes modern examples of schools designed with built-in security measures. Crime prevention through environmental design accepted as a structural model of educational buildings. Contemporary safety critical research were reviewed. Subsequently, the architectural, landscaping, and planning means of protection are proposed.
Architectural process in Russia in second half of the 20th - early 21st century
Authors: Tarasova I V , Shvets A V
Published: December 2019

The paper seeks to identify the distinctive features of the architectural process as a concept of architectural studies and as a phenomenon, and suggests a methodology for studying the architectural process in Russia. Relevance. The need to study the architectural process in Russia in the second half of the 20th - first half of the 21st century was dictated by the following reasons: firstly, changes in the architectural creativity fundamentals expressing themselves in changes in the design techniques; secondly, development of information and computer technologies, which raised design to a qualitatively new level; third, the need to systematize the scientific knowledge of the architectural process that has been gained to date and reconsider the subject area of architectural history. Research methods. The study reviewed periodicals and research publications addressing the architectural process as a concept of architectural studies and as a specific phenomenon in the sphere of architecture. It is expected that the systematization of this information will enable certain tendencies to be revealed in the Russian architectural process. Conclusions. The proposed methodology for studying the architectural process as a phenomenon enabled three groups of changes to be identified in the Russian architectural process.
Technological problems of protection of coastal urban areas
Authors: Shubin M
Published: December 2019

Construction and operation of shore protection constructions are associated with a detailed study of abrasive and erosion-landslide processes in the coastal zone. Unfortunately, there are cases when due to the wrong choice of the type of constructions, violations of the technological process during installation is a complete or partial destruction of shore protection structures. The investigations show a low efficiency of individual shore protection measures, as well as a large number of deformations of structures on coastal fortified areas caused by the violation of technological standards in construction. It is also necessary to note the outdated methods and technologies of coastal protection used in the Volgograd region, which should be replaced by more modern and effective. Modern technology of construction of such structures will prevent the impact of abrasive processes and preserve the natural landscape of the site.
Reduction of individual carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks on impact area resulted from operation of construction industry enterprises
Authors: Lopanov A N , Yastrebinskaya A V , Edamenko A S
Published: December 2019

The article presents the assessment of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks to the human health resulted from the work of the construction industry enterprises. It is shown that the level of risks to the human health causes concern. It is established that while assessing carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks to the human health the construction enterprises don’t take into account the emission of mercury compounds in cement production. Both the sources of mercury emission into the atmosphere and the methods for reducing mercury emission in cement production technique are shown. It’s stated that to improve the environment, it is necessary to define impact areas, provide a sanitary protective barrier between the industrial territory and the residential area by creating additional green belts that provide shielding, assimilation and filtration of air pollutants which make the microclimate better. It is suggested that monitoring of atmospheric emission of mercury should be included in the production control program and pollution control for mercury emissions should be introduced into Maximum Permissible Emissions (MPEs) projects.
Working conditions of housing and communal services system and innovative technology to minimize occupational hazards for plumbers of emergency repair services
Authors: Timofeeva S S , Skibo D V
Published: December 2019

This article presents the result of studies of occupational hazards in housing and communal services of Irkutsk region. It identifies harmful and dangerous factors that may affect the employees of enterprises “Vodokanal” of the cities of Irkutsk and Usolye-Sibirskoe. The assessment of working conditions for plumbers of emergency repair services is carried out in accordance with the special method of assessment of working conditions and includes tool measurement of the actual characteristics of the working environment. Particular attention is paid to studying the effects of the chemical factor – gas discharge, primarily hydrogen sulfide, on employees when working in manholes. The actual level of professional risk in emergency repair services during the performance of plumbers’ duties in sewer networks and facilities was determined. An innovative device for sewer flusher, aimed at reducing the effects of chemical and biological factors on humans during the operation of sewer networks, is presented.
Features of material composition of slag incineration plants
Authors: Kolodezhnaya E V , Garkavi M S , Novikova N G
Published: December 2019

The most part of the municipal solid waste which is formed in the world is utilized by burning. The slags which are formed in the course of burning of garbage contain heavy metals from which the main ones are aluminum, copper, zinc and lead. Waste from garbage burning can be buried in special grounds or be applied as grounds at construction of waste landfill, that can significantly reduce space reserved for warehousing of waste. The analysis of material composition is carried out for definition of possible areas and ways of utilization slags of refuse incinerators. Distribution of chemical elements on fineness classes in the initial material is studied. As a result of microprobe research, the authors establish the forms of finding of ecologically controlled elements in slag. Recommendations about the choice of ways of enrichment are made.
Assessment of environmental damage to atmospheric air during development of oil and gas fields
Authors: Gorlenko N V , Timofeeva S S
Published: December 2019

At present, new tasks arise for the oil and gas producing industry in the Russian Federation. This is due to the geopolitical need to develop new oil and gas producing regions, in addition to the existing fields, in the coming years. These regions include, first of all, the Lena-Tunguska province with the most promising Dulisma, Yarakta, and Iktekh fields. The impact of extractive industry facilities on the environment is manifested both at the construction stage and at the stage of their exploitation. This makes it necessary to study geoecological risks for various facilities of the extractive industry. The authors studied the ecological situation in the production activity area of the fields and established the main environmental consequences of gas and oil production and their negative impact on the environment. Having measured the factors of the production environment, we established that the fields pollute the atmosphere mostly with emissions of hazardous substances, such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen and natural gas. The authors carried out an estimation of the economic damage to atmospheric air during the development of the fields. As a result, it was found that the Yarakta field causes the greatest economic damage to the atmospheric air.
Dust load in silicon production and occupational risks
Authors: Leonova M S , Timofeeva S S , Murzin M A
Published: December 2019

The aim of this paper was to study the characteristics of dust generated in technological processes in the production of silicon in the Irkutsk Region, as well as to assess dust load and occupational risks of the shop workers. Using chemical and X-ray phase analysis methods, as well as electron microscopy, it was shown that silicon dust contains more than 80% of silicon dioxide, which is a source of increased hazard for the workers of the enterprise. Also, using the scoring method, the questionnaire method, and the method of assessing the individual occupational risk level, it was established that the individual occupational risks of the studied occupations range from 1.1 10−3to 3.3 10−3. The increased concentration of finely dispersed man-made silicon production waste confirms the need to take organizational and technical measures to reduce the dust load, including the creation of economic conditions for pelletizing the batch.
Ecological human health risk in aluminum producing areas of Baikal region
Authors: Ivanova S V , Ryabchikova I A
Published: December 2019

The 2017 list of Russian cities with the highest level of air pollution included 21 cities, 7 of which (30%) are located in the Irkutsk region. Among them are large industrial centers of non-ferrous metallurgy - Shelekhov and Bratsk. The purpose of the article is to assess the health risk for the population living in the aluminum producing areas (Shelekhov, Irkutsk region). The health risk was assessed on the basis of G 2.1.10.1920-04 using modern sanitary and hygienic standards. Air quality in 2007-2017 and load on the urban population inhaling polluted air (inhalation route) were determined. Two groups of hazardous effects were identified. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were distinguished. Individual inhalation risks were calculated and hazardous substances were identified. The total carcinogenic risk exceeds an acceptable level and is mainly due to inhalation of formaldehyde and chromium (46.7% and 52.3%, respectively). The chronic non-carcinogenic risk is due to the suspended substances, formaldehyde and benzopyrene inhalation. The non-cancerogenic effect of air on the respiratory organs, the immune system and eye pathology is crucial. The article suggests measures (implementation of advanced production technologies, reconstruction of heating systems, etc.) to prevent hazardous risks.
Investigation of chrysotile asbestos dust in air of working zones and environment
Authors: Burkhanova R A , Azarov V N
Published: December 2019

The article presents an analysis of the chemical composition of chrysotile asbestos and studies the difference between asbestoses of chrysotile and amphibole groups along with their influence on the health of industrial workers. The dispersion analysis of the dust from aspiration systems serving the technological equipment and processes as well as of the dust from the air at the boarder of the sanitary protection zone of enterprise was carried out. In addition, the article describes a method for the evaluation of technological equipment as a source of dust emissions, that is adapted to the sphere of asbestos cement manufacturing. It also gives an example of determining the air tightness of technological equipment and of calculating the volume of dust emissions in the blank preparation shop of an integrated plant. Furthermore, an investigation of the aerodynamic characteristics of dust of chrysotile asbestos and cement was carried out. The average velocity of dust deposition was determined and the recommendations aimed at reducing the negative influence of dust factor in the air of working zones of enterprises were given.
Measures to improve environmental safety of urban gas stations
Authors: Bakaeva N V , Garmonov K V , Sheps R A
Published: December 2019

Placement of gas stations (gas stations) in the city, as a rule, is not ordered. In connection with the current development of the city, the placement of the gas station is a point building on the free places, which leads to a violation of the norms and deterioration of the environmental condition in the territory of the nearest building. The authors systematize the factors affecting the environmental safety of gas stations in the urban area. This was done on the basis of previously obtained results of theoretical and experimental studies, as well as the results of numerical simulation. It became possible to characterize the degree of influence of existing or newly built gas stations on the environment. The algorithm of complex assessment of ecological safety of gas stations is offered on the basis of system of the revealed factors. Practical recommendations were developed to reduce the negative impact of existing and newly designed gas stations on the nearest development.
Corrosion of tubing of oil fields
Authors: Tyusenkov A S , Nasibullina O A
Published: December 2019

Tubing are intended for a wide range of works from pumping out of oil and gas from a well cavity before production of various repair work. With their help on oil fields carry out raising of oil from a productive zone of layer to well head and also force water for maintenance of reservoir pressure. The main problem at operation of these pipes are refusals because of corrosion defeat. The main types of corrosion destructions of tubing connected with presence at the obtained environment of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide are given in the paper. One of the ways of protection of an internal surface of tubing is the use of corrosion inhibitors – chemical reagents which introduction in small dosages on corrosion Wednesday significantly reduces metal corrosion rate. Results of experiments on corrosion inhibitor selection for protection of the oil-field equipment of one of fields of the Russian Federation are given in the paper.
Methodology of motor transport air pollution monitoring of large city taking into account residential development type
Authors: Sidorenko V F , Ignatyev A V , Abroskin A A
Published: December 2019

A complex method of motor transport air pollution monitoring of a large city was developed, taking into account meteorological conditions and types of residential development, combining traditional computational methods, the results of field research, data obtained from the experiments on dispersion modeling of motor vehicle emissions under various conditions and mathematical modeling. The methodology allows for the operation of a monitoring system for a part of the city’s territory (within the given boundaries). It’s able to determine areas with negative ecological condition in need of management decisions to improve the urban environment; identify favorable areas where it is possible to ensure complete ecological safety when placing construction sites; predict changes in the atmospheric air quality in a changing residential development.
Determining influence of natural and man-made factors on safe performance of trunk pipelines
Authors: Abramyan S G
Published: December 2019

The paper discusses the relevance of ensuring environmentally safe pipeline operation by identifying natural and industrial hazards and the potential impact. An operating trunk pipeline running west to east across a specific territory (constituent entity) was given as an example to show areas likely exposed to the most dangerous destructions. These are natural and man-made pipeline crossovers and intersections designated by the authors as ecologically fragile areas (EFAs). For a natural/industrial impact identification methodology, relevant hazards were identified and classified by the exposure degree for each gas pipeline EFA. Given geodynamic changes, the data collected were to be updated after each change. The article outlines the new methodology also suitable for territorial cartographic zoning subject to hazard factors. An area to be affected by degradation processes of an accident is determined by using the radii of thermal impact and scatter of pipe fragments. Such data help compute flora and fauna damage and, for the best scenario, damage prevented. The key points of this survey may be used to developing computer programs to compute an aggregate hazardous impact on an operating pipeline and simulate emergency scenarios. The practical utility consists in assuring proper EFAs monitoring for timely prevention of accidents.
Evaluation of results of changes in bacterial strains in ecosystem of lake Baikal
Authors: Verkhozina V A , Verkhozina E V , Verkhoturov V V
Published: December 2019

In the paper, we evaluated the results of changes in the microbial community using molecular research methods. The authors analyzed strains of microorganisms isolated from different parts of the ecosystem of Lake Baikal: pelagial, littoral and benthic sediments. While analyzing we identified the presence of restriction endonuclease (RE) enzymes. It was established that RE were detected in bacteria isolated from samples taken in places of anthropogenic influence (Listvyanka, Baikalsk). As a result, 28 types of different RE were identified. When reviewing the results obtained, it was established that the formation of these enzymes in bacteria is associated neither with the season of the year nor with the year of sampling. The condition for the synthesis of RE enzymes in microorganism strains is the appearance of allochthonous microflora in the lake ecosystem. These are the littoral parts of the lake, where anthropogenic influence is observed. As a result, it was established that the biosynthesis of RE enzymes occurred in bacterial strains under the influence of human activity. It is especially significant that anthropogenic changes can be identified in the early stages of impact on the ecosystem of Lake Baikal.
Environmental and economic damage during the operation of sludge collectors
Authors: Sibgatulina D Sh , Khabibullina A R , Muraveva E V
Published: December 2019

This article deals with the negative impact of slag dumps and sludge collectors on the environment. The development of measures to prevent, reduce (limit), compensate and eliminate potential and actual damage caused by sludge collectors of the surrounding natural environment is a highly important issue. It was also revealed that the current legislation of the Russian Federation does not account for the amount of economic damage caused to the recipient objects by environmental pollution and as a separate component of damage to atmospheric air and soils. Therefore, it is suggested to make additional changes to the order of Rostekhnadzor No. 120 “On approval of the methodology for determining the amount of harm that may be caused to life and health of individuals, property of individuals and legal entities as a result of an accident of a hydraulic structure (except for shipping and port hydraulic structures)”.
Reduction of technology risk at NPP during radioactive waste management
Authors: Pavlenko V I , Yastrebinsky R N , Karnauhov A A
Published: December 2019

The authors developed a technology for disposing of liquid radioactive waste, which ensures the reduction of their exposure dose rate (MED) by concentrating radionuclides from liquid radioactive waste (LRW) inside the iron oxide matrix of radiation protective sorbents (ion exchangers). Due to the high density, iron oxide ion exchangers provide an effective radiation protective shield against photon radiation with an energy of up to 1.5 MeV. This will reduce the radiation background of “spent” sorbents. The possibility of obtaining a hydrolytically stable system of bonds with the surface of iron oxide minerals when they are modified with organic and inorganic modifiers is theoretically substantiated and experimentally confirmed. It was established that the hydroxyl groups of the surface of oxides are the main type of reaction centers along which their surface is modified. Modified iron oxide ion exchangers have high chemical and radiation resistance, thermal stability, mechanical strength and mass transfer rate. The conditioning technology of spent ion exchangers into cement matrices allows creating an engineering barrier providing effective radiation protection and safe isolation of radionuclides.
Is it safe to transport dangerous goods by road? (Environmental safety associated with dangerous goods transportation by road)
Authors: Kuzmin A V , Freze T Yu
Published: December 2019

The article introduces a point of view on the following matter: the likelihood of occurrence of a road traffic accident, when a vehicle carrying dangerous goods is involved, is the same as the likelihood of a local environmental disaster. The problems and gaps in the system of the state monitoring and control over this type of environmentally degrading activity are indicated. By incident or accident is meant here any event due to accidental circumstances which might place users of the tunnel in danger: incidents having a serious effect on the tunnel’s technical systems, road traffic accidents, fire, release of dangerous substances, etc.
How local environmental restrictions affect environmental situation in urban system
Authors: Makarenko V , Pozdnyakova T , Revutskaya I
Published: December 2019

The paper discusses the history of planning the city of Birobidzhan. Each consecutive Urban Master Plan continued its predecessor; however, none of the plans contained interesting architectural and compositional solutions. The environmental conditions (which are not to be ignored in urban planning) result in unfavorable geotechnical and environmental impacts. The left-bank part of the city is located in the floodplain and straddles an embankment prone to waterlogging. Embankment height varies from 1 to 5 meters. Embankment is prone to erosion. The right-bank part of the city lies on a slope; the environmental conditions here are better. Birobidzhan has an explicitly monsoon climate; the street layout prevents self-purification of the atmosphere. Environmental constraints are defined for the City of Birobidzhan; an environmental framework is proposed.
Assessment of personal and behavioral qualities of workers in system of interactive incident forecasting and occupational safety management
Authors: Klimova E V , Semeykin A Yu , Nosatova E A
Published: December 2019

Interactive prediction of incidents is a modern direction of labor protection, that allows managing the occupational safety level. The paper shows that the so-called “human factor”, including the psychological unpreparedness of workers to perform work (both work managers and direct implementers), is the main cause of industrial injuries, in addition to technical and organizational causes. In this regard, the urgent issue is the need to take into account and analyse the psychological state of the worker for predicting incidents. The article discusses the psychological aspects of occupational safety on the example of workers performing work at height that relate to work of high danger. However, the “height factor” is common in various areas of production, which necessitates a scientific analysis of its impact on the psychological state of the worker and on the level of occupational safety. The paper provides information on the system of interactive prediction of incidents, one of the elements of which is the module of testing the psychological state of the employees for identifying workers who are least suitable for this type of work.
Concept of integrated monitoring of territorial technosphere state
Authors: Bezborodova O
Published: December 2019

To ensure the safe operation of a local technosphere, a concept of comprehensive monitoring aimed at predicting, identification, analysis, and assessment of anthropogenic threats to society is needed. This paper puts forth a concept of comprehensive monitoring of a local technosphere based on a quantitative assessment of a multivariate object, including the problem, tasks, methods, and algorithms that ensure its implementation. The author substantiates the necessity to develop this concept given the importance of anthropogenic threats to society. An algorithm for comprehensive monitoring of a local technosphere has been developed. Within the framework of this concept, a method of compression of information linked to the state of a multivariate object was justified and proposed. Introduction of an overall index of multivariate information compression was justified, and method of its assessment was proposed. An approach to assessing the state of objects of a local technosphere using a combination of parameters, taking into account the weighting factors, has been proposed.
Impact of traffic flows on environmental situation in resort cities
Authors: Sydyakin P A , Belaya E N , Shchitov D V
Published: December 2019

The article discusses the anthropogenic impact of the road network on the formation and functioning of the urban environmental situation. The impact on the territory of preschool educational institutions No. 23 “Svetlyachok”, No. 6 “Yagodka” of Pyatigorsk has been considered in private. Data on the intensity of the movement of vehicles in different time periods, the composition of the auto flow, seasonal distribution of traffic flows are analyzed. General recommendations for ensuring the environmental safety of resort towns and promising questions for further research are presented. When analyzing the areas of promising growth and areas of reconstruction of urban development, allotted for housing construction, it is necessary to pay special attention to the construction of socially significant facilities: schools and kindergartens, the shortage of which exists in the town today.
Analysis of equipment life cycle at oil refinery
Authors: Kozhemyatov K Y , Bulauka Y A
Published: December 2019

The results of the analysis of the service life of equipment operating under excess pressure at the Belarusian oil refinery are presented, directions for improving industrial safety when working with this type of equipment are proposed in this study. It was established that fittings with conditional passage up to DN100, the base metal and metal of the welds of the equipment body are the most wearing parts during the service life. Frequent replacement of fittings with a small conditional passage is connected with a small margin between the executive and rejection thicknesses of fittings’ nozzles. The average service life of equipment operating under excessive pressure at the studied enterprise was established.
Transboundary air pollution and its effects on vegetation
Authors: Ryabuhina M V , Maiski R A , Kalyakina R G
Published: December 2019

Currently, transboundary air pollution is one of the main factors of the negative impact of human activities on the environment. Protection of the atmosphere includes a set of technical and administrative measures directly or indirectly aimed at stopping or reducing the increasing pollution of the atmosphere, which is a consequence of industrial development. The effect of smoke and gas emissions is observed over large areas and manifests itself in various ways. The best indicator reflecting this effect is vegetation, which serves as a sensitive reagent for changing environmental conditions. The regulation of the influence of industrial facilities belonging to one administrative-territorial unit on the state of the environment of other regions is one of the most important aspects of environmental protection at the federal level and international cooperation in the field of ecology and environmental protection.
Influence of different forms of iron on the morphobiological indicators of Pinus sylvestris
Authors: Kalyakina R G , Maiski R A , Ryabukhina M V
Published: December 2019

The wide distribution of iron in the environment of various forms of iron makes it relevant to study the characteristics of their influence on plant growth. In the present paper, the growth features of Pinus sylvestris – Scots pine were studied - during the cultivation of stratified seeds in a medium containing different forms of iron. It was established that the cultivation of pine seeds in a medium containing 0.1 M of iron in any form, inhibits the development of the root system. When cultivated in the environment containing iron nanoparticles at a concentration of 6.25 mmol / l, this led to a decrease in the root length to 3.71 ± 0.06 mm. On the contrary, the presence of iron nanoparticles in the medium for the cultivation of pine caused an increase in the length of the main and adventitious roots, as well as the number of adventitious roots. The content of iron microparticles in the medium for the cultivation of pine caused only a decrease in the length of the main root and adventitious roots. At the same time, at concentrations from 0.39 to 25 mmol / l, an increase in the number of adventitious roots occurred, which indicates compensatory reactions.
Use of overburden and enclosing formations generated in the course of exploitation of mineral deposits
Authors: Konovalov V E , Pochechun V A , Semyachkov A I
Published: December 2019

This paper discusses one of today’s pressing challenges – conversion of mining and processing works waste into commercial products. The authors analyze the existing state of this issue in Sverdlovsk Oblast. The waste types are classified according to their sources and accumulation scopes. The waste is analysed for heavy metal content. It is established that mining and processing works waste are “man-made mineral depos-its”. The paper introduces an approach to conversion of industrial waste into secondary material resources. The purpose of this paper is to solve a set of tasks characterized by catastrophic environmental damage due to pollution, mainly by mining and metal industries. Environmental risk is minimized, an interface with metal recycling is established, and the RF mineral resources base is expanded.
The new paradigm of an environmentally-driven resource-saving technologies for processing of mining
Authors: Shadrunova I V , Gorlova O E , Zhilina V A
Published: December 2019

The paper presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies into the development of scientific and methodological bases of environmentally-driven resource-saving technologies for mining waste processing. It is shown that the logic of reconstructing the natural cycles of natural resource equilibrium requires the inclusion of large-tonnage wastes in the status of their technogenic mineral resources in highly efficient, resource-efficient processing, which determines the need to develop innovative technologies for processing wastes very diverse in composition and properties within the framework of the principle of a systematic approach. The methodological basis of theoretical development of new environmentally oriented technologies for waste processing defines the method of scientific knowledge as an ascent from the abstract to the concrete and the construction of technologies according to the developed general algorithm. In accordance with the general methodological approach being developed, technologies have been developed for processing certain types of mining waste - off-balance copper ores from the dump, stale tailings of gold ore from the tailings; iron-zinc-containing blast furnace sludges of metallurgical production by combining several enrichment or concentration and hydrometallurgical methods. The developed resource-saving, environmentally friendly technologies provide the opportunity to involve previously unused resources of technogenic origin into efficient operation with obtaining conditioned metal-containing products and reduce environmental stress in regions with a developed mining and metallurgical industry.
Qualitative composition and local pretreatment of dairy wastewaters
Authors: Vialkova E I , Sidorenko O V , Glushchenko E S
Published: December 2019

On the territory of the Tyumen region there are a number of enterprises that discharge wastewater without pretreatment into water bodies and disturb their ecological condition. For example, one of the dairy industry plants produces 500 m3/day of industrial wastewater, which cannot be discharged even into the domestic sewage system due to its pollution density and aggressiveness. Thus, it is necessary to study wastewater quality and the mode of its inflow for local waste treatment plants’ designing. This article presents the results of the wastewater composition study on such indicators as pH, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, fats, nitrogen, phosphate and other types of pollution. According to the obtained data, the conclusions were drawn about the wastewater composition inconstancy, associated with peculiarities of dairy production technology. In addition, the drains are characterized by a high variation of pH medium, which decreases sharply when the whey or acid solutions are discharged into the sewage production system after equipment washing. Based on these results, a scheme for organization of a dairy plant water disposal system is proposed, including local pretreatment of wastewater before its dumping into domestic sewage network.
Removal of organic micropollutants from water by sonophotolytic-activated persulfate process
Authors: Popova S A , Matafonova G G , Batoev V B
Published: December 2019

The present study focuses on the improvement of the efficiency of water treatment by coupling irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes and high-frequency ultrasound (US) for activation of persulfate (PS). Organic micropollutants (atrazine, bisphenol A and carbamazepine) were sequentially treated in aqueous solution at non-adjusted pH and initial concentration of 20 μM in a batch sonophotoreactor. The hybrid oxidation system (UV/US/PS) showed the highest efficiency (≥90%) for removing bisphenol A and carbamazepine within 40 min of treatment, whereas atrazine was degraded with comparable rates under UV/PS and UV/US/PS processes. In terms of removal efficiency, the applied systems for bisphenol A and carbamazepine can be arranged as follows: UV/US/PS > UV/PS > US/PS > UV/US ≈ UV ≈ US. Overall, the hybrid sonophotolytic method using high-frequency US appears to be a promising technique to activate PS for eliminating organic micropollutants from aqueous media.
Heterogeneous catalytic system “Fe -aluminosilicate / hydrogen peroxide” for liquid-phase oxidation of phenol
Authors: Khankhasaeva S Ts
Published: December 2019

The kinetic regularities of phenol oxidation with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a Fe -aluminosilicate catalyst ( Fe ASK) obtained by introducing a mixed Fe/Al (1/12) polyhydroxocomplex into montmorillonite were studied. It was established that the rate of phenol oxidation depends on the reaction conditions (pH, hydrogen peroxide concentration, phenol concentration, catalyst content and temperature). The maximum reaction rate leading to 100% phenol conversion is observed at a pH of 3.7. The stability of the catalyst to leaching iron ions increases with increasing pH. The oxidation rate of phenol increases with increasing initial concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and phenol and with increasing catalyst content. The reaction orders for the reagents and the effective activation energy are determined. The kinetic equation of the reaction is obtained. The optimal conditions for the phenol oxidation in the heterogeneous catalytic system “Fe -aluminosilicate / hydrogen peroxide”, under which 100% phenol conversion is achieved, the catalyst is stable and water pollution by iron ions is excluded, are determined. Due to its high efficiency, this system is of interest for use in the processes of wastewater purification from phenols.
Use of municipal vegetative waste as raw material for sorbent production
Authors: Sapronova Zh , Sverguzova S , Svyatchenko A
Published: December 2019

The most important direction of waste management is to reduce the resulting environmental impact. One of the promising ways of waste recycling is their use as a raw material for the production of sorbents.

The paper presents the results of studies on the possibility of using ChL250, i.e. modified municipal vegetative waste for cleaning the storm runoff of service stations from petroleum products and associated pollutants. It was found that the sorption capacity of the material for petroleum products is 194 mg/g. The trials carried out on real sewage confirmed the viability of this sorbent for use in water treatment.
Study of ion exchange at test solutions purification from nickel (II) ions with gabbro-diabase from abzakovo deposit
Authors: Sverguzova S , Shaykhiev I , Valiev R
Published: December 2019

The paper presents the results of the study of ion exchange processes during the purification of model solutions from nickel ions with gabbro-diabase from the Abzakovo field. The features of the minerals structure that make up gabbro-diabase predetermine their sorption and cation-exchange properties. During the studies, the course of sorption processes was established, as well as the presence of a suspension effect in the system. By determining the concentration of exchangeable cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+) in the crystal lattices of gabbro diabase and Ni2 + cations contained in the model solution, the phenomenon of cation exchange purification has been proved. The treatment of gabbro diabase powder with electromagnetic radiation increases the mobility of exchange cations and water treatment efficiency.
Perspectives for use of technological waste to obtain carbon-mineral sorbents
Authors: Badmaeva S V
Published: December 2019

Carbon-mineral materials were obtained by mixing of clay mineral (montmorillonite) with aqueous solutions of cationic dye “methylene blue” and anionic dye “direct clean-blue” (a component of wastewater of dyeing enterprises) and subsequent drying and carbonization in an atmosphere of water vapor. It is shown that the specific surface area of the synthesized carbon materials depends on the nature of the modifying organic compound, its content in the sample and the influence of ultrasound. It is found that the preliminary activation of the initial clay increases the surface area, but does not have a significant effect on the adsorption of phenol, compared with materials obtained without activation. Hydrophobic surface properties of materials are confirmed by the results of studies on the adsorption of phenol from aqueous solutions. Adsorption capacity of obtained carbon-mineral materials with respect to phenol is 4-8.5 mg · g
−1, which is 15-30 times higher than that of the original clay. Synthesized sorbents are comparable to the adsorption capacity with respect to phenol with carbon material obtained by direct pyrolysis.
Mathematical simulation of wastewater cleanse processes with high content of toxic organic water pollutants
Authors: Aminova A F , Yarmuhametova G U , Mazitova A K
Published: December 2019

In the study the authors constructed mathematical models of wastewater treatment processes with Fenton’s reagent, ozone oxidative purification in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst, ozone oxidative purification in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst, ozone oxidative purification in the presence of hydrogen peroxide — the Peroxon process. The resulting mathematical models allow the authors to predict the rate of chemical oxygen consumption (COD) at any time during the cleaning process, as well as to plan time expenditures to achieve the required level of this indicator. In addition, in the course of the research the integral coefficient of the models was calculated as a function of time, allowing to compare the cleaning processes and rank them by efficiency. As a result of the analysis of the integral coefficient, it was shown that the most effective is the oxidative purification of waste water with ozone in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst.
Denitrification rates determination in the process of removing nitrogen from wastewater
Authors: Dyagelev M Y , Isakov V G , Grakhova E V
Published: December 2019

The purpose of the study was to determine denitrification rates during aeration tanks converting to the aero-mode of the nitri-denitrifier with the nitrate recycling. Studies were conducted on an experimental facility with wastewater and activated sludge from one of the sewage treatment facilities of the Udmurt Republic. At the beginning of the experiment, the activated sludge was under anoxic conditions (the mixture was mechanically mixed without aeration), while periodically the mixture was analyzed for nitrate content. Thus, the rate of denitrification during endogenous respiration was determined. Further, waste water was added to the sludge (anoxic conditions were preserved) - simulation of nitrate recycling. According to the results of experimental studies, the calculated denitrification rates were rds
= 0.71 ± 0.04 mg N-NO3
/ mg of active heterotrophic microorganisms per day on easily oxidizable substrate, on endogenous respiration rde
= 0.12 ± 0.02 mg N-NO3
/ mg of active heterotrophic microorganisms per day, on difficult oxidizable substrate rdp
= 0.12 ± 0.01 mg N-NO3
/ mg of active heterotrophic microorganisms per day.
Purification of wastewater of some construction materials production
Authors: Mazitova A K , Aminova A F , Sukhareva I A
Published: December 2019

The wastewater of the wood-based industry contains toxic phenols that exceed the maximum allowable values. There is little data on the methods of purification of wastewater of woodworking plants from aromatic compounds and their derivatives in the literature. Therefore, the authors investigated the different effect of ozone on the wastewater of the Ufa plywood-slab plant for the purpose of purification. The flocculating effect of ozone and the physicochemical method (coagulation and flocculation) of wastewater treatment were investigated. The use of ozone in the first stage of wastewater treatment allows reducing the concentration of suspended substances to the required level with the help of an environmentally friendly method and preparing wastewater for oxidative purification from toxic substances. The suggested method is not only more environmentally acceptable, but also more economically reasonable, because reagent acquisition costs are excluded.
Complex dispersed analysis of particles applying in output hydrodynamic criteria decreasing dust leakage’ throw collectors of aspiration in construction industry
Authors: Koshkarev S A , Stefanenko I V , Koshkarev K S
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to the issue of improving the environmental safety of the construction industry by improving dust collectors of dust removal systems using additive-complex dispersive analysis of variance of dust emissions by aspiration systems. The article proposes the improvement of complex analysis of variance using hydrodynamic criteria in output functions. Modified output data and additive-simplex approach to the evaluation of characteristics - equivalent sizes and speeds of sedimentation-soiling of dust particles make it possible to determine the ranges of their changes with a higher degree of accuracy of the results. The distributions of the hydrodynamics criteria values allow us to obtain reliable meanings for sedimentation velocities and equivalent particle’s sizes for the studied dust samples of building materials. Analytical approach to determining the density distribution of the numerical values of the criteria allowed clarifying the values of sedimentation-soiling velocities and hydraulic equivalent sizes of particles to get more reliable of their changes ranges. The authors present the most essential regressions and mark to method determining hydraulic work regimes for design dust collectors. This approach is one of the most effective ways to improve the environmental safety of the construction industry.
Adaptation of the SAVMIN process for mine water treatment
Authors: Abdrakhmanova R N , Orehkova N N , Gorlova O E
Published: December 2019

The article presents the thermodynamic substantiation of the necessary and sufficient basicity of calcium aluminates for the formation of the preferred form of ettringite during purification of mine water from sulfate ions, the selection results based on the data obtained and studying the phase composition of aluminothermic slags by X-ray phase analysis of the preferred precipitating reagent. It has been established that mainly basic calcium aluminates are present in the chromium metal production slags, while ferrotitanium and ferrochrome production slags contain up to 35% majenite - 12CaO 7Al2O3, the presence of which in the precipitator increases the feasibility of precipitation from ettringite in the form of calcium mono-hydrosulfoaluminates. The results of the experimental verification of the feasibility and effectiveness of the purification of the model sub-waste water are presented. It is shown that it is possible in principle to reduce sulfates to MAC in mine waters using two-stage sedimentation using ferrotitanium production after liming as a reagent-precipitant of mechanically activated slag.
Probiotics as one of methods for dairy wastewaters’ treatment intensification
Authors: Glushchenko E S , Vialkova E I , Sidorenko O V
Published: December 2019

Despite the rapid production growth, creation of new technologies improving production quality, the problem of increasing amounts of wastewaters with specific composition and qualities has not solved yet. Wastewaters formed at dairy plants have high concentrations of some contaminations. Qualitative indices of these wastewaters, such as pH, COD, anionic surfactants, nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, differ dramatically from domestic wastewaters’ ones. Wastes and product residuals, dumped into sewage system, aggravate this situation. Nowadays, many plants do not have any local treatment plants, which can cope with polluted effluents, while existing ones cannot provide with required degree of wastewater treatment. This article presents the research of probiotics’ influence on the qualitative composition of dairy wastewaters using Belgian probiotic “Pip Plus WATER”. Besides, based on the experimental research results, a technological scheme of local treatment plant that can be realized at dairy plants is proposed.