bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROCESSO DE EDUCAÇÃO EM FARMACOLOGIA: CONHECIMENTOS DOS ESTUDANTES DO CURSO TÉCNICO EM ENFERMAGEM QUANTO AOS FÁRMACOS UTILIZADOS NO INFARTO AGUDO DO MIOCÁRDIO
Authors: Bernardes Milton Junio Candido
Published: September 2014

Farmacologia é a ciência que estuda a natureza e as propriedades dos fármacos, o profissional da enfermagem tem a função de administrar estes fármacos, o Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio (IAM) é uma emergência médica que necessita de atuação rápida, onde o profissional de enfermagem deve administrar os respectivos fármacos que atuam nesta emergência. Os objetivos deste estudo são verificar o conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem frente aos fármacos utilizados no IAM bem como seus mecanismos de ação.  A metodologia foi de abordagem estatística simples, onde abordou estudantes do curso técnico em enfermagem através de questionários pré – definidos. Concluiu com este estudo que os futuros profissionais estão terminando o curso sem o respectivo conhecimento sobre farmacologia do IAM.
Acquired Portosystemic Shunting in Two Cats
Authors: Langdon Paige , Cohn Leah A. , Kreeger John M. , Priddy Nelson H.
Published: September 2014

Acquired portosystemic shunts (PSS) are a clinical entity distinct from congenital PSS. Their apparent incidence in cats is low, which may reflect the rarity of predisposing hepatic parenchymal disease, such as cirrhosis, in this species. Two cats with acquired PSS associated with primary hepatobiliary disease are described. Relevant findings in acquired PSS are discussed, as are potential reasons for the apparently low incidence in the cat.
Trigeminal Neuropathy in Dogs: A Retrospective Study of 29 Cases (1991–2000)
Authors: Mayhew Philipp D. , Bush William W. , Glass Eric N.
Published: September 2014

The medical records of 29 dogs unable to close their mouths due to flaccid paralysis or paresis of the muscles innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve, were reviewed. Idiopathic trigeminal neuropathy was diagnosed in 26 dogs based on complete resolution of clinical signs and lack of any long-term neurological disease. Of these dogs, golden retrievers were over-represented. No age, sex, or seasonal predispositions were identified. Trigeminal sensory innervation deficits were observed in 35% (9/26), facial nerve deficits were observed in 8% (2/26), and Horner’s syndrome was observed in 8% (2/26) of dogs. Electromyographic examination of the muscles of mastication revealed abnormalities in seven of nine dogs. Results of cerebrospinal fluid analysis were abnormal in seven of eight dogs. Corticosteroid therapy did not affect the clinical course of the disease. Mean time to recovery was 22 days. Lymphosarcoma, Neospora caninum infection, and severe polyneuritis of unknown origin were diagnosed in three of 29 dogs at necropsy.
Cervical Injury Following a Horse Kick to the Head in Two Dogs
Authors: Olby Natasha , Muñana Karen , De Risio Luisa , Sebestyen Peter , Hansen Bernie
Published: September 2014

Two dogs were presented to North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital following blunt trauma to the head delivered by a horse kick. On presentation, both dogs had resolving clinical signs directly related to the head trauma, but both also had compromise to their upper airway as a result of indirect injury to the soft tissues of the neck, visible on plain radiographs. One dog made a full recovery following a period of assisted ventilation. The other dog was euthanized at the request of the owner. These injuries illustrate the importance of evaluating the cervical spine and soft tissues of the neck following blunt trauma to the head.
Thoracic Radiography, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cytopathology, and Pulmonary Parenchymal Histopathology: A Comparison of Diagnostic Results in 11 Cats
Authors: Norris Carol R. , Griffey Stephen M. , Samii Valerie F. , Christopher Mary M. , Mellema Matthew S.
Published: September 2014

The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic results and value of thoracic radiography, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cytopathology, and lung histopathology in 11 cats with spontaneous respiratory disease in which radiography and cytopathology were inadequate in establishing a definitive diagnosis. In these cats, radiographic patterns were characterized as bronchial (n=6), interstitial (n=3), and alveolar (n=2); other features included hyperinflation (n=3), bronchiectasis (n=2), pleural fissure lines (n=2), pulmonary nodules (n=2), atelectasis (n=1), and a tracheal mass (n=1). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was unremarkable in two cats. Abnormal BAL fluid showed inflammation (n=5), hemorrhage (n=2), epithelial hyperplasia (n=1), or was suspicious for neoplasia (n=1). Histopathological evaluation revealed inflammation (n=8), neoplasia (n=2), and vascular congestion (n=1). The predominant radiographic location of disease correlated with the same histopathological location in seven cats, and the cytopathological class of BAL fluid was consistent with the histopathological class of disease in seven cats. There was poor correlation between the types of cells found in the BAL fluid and the pathologist’s prediction of the types of cells likely to be found in the BAL fluid based on the amount and type of airway cellularity seen on histopathological examination. The results of this study suggest that in some cats, BAL fluid cytopathology does not always correlate with the type of pulmonary disease identified on histopathology. In respiratory diseases where radiography and cytopathology fail to provide a definitive diagnosis, histopathological examination of the lung may be necessary.
Prognosis Following Surgical Excision of Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors With Histopathologically Tumor-Free Versus Nontumor-Free Margins: A Retrospective Study of 31 Cases
Authors: Michels Gina M. , Knapp Deborah W. , DeNicola Dennis B. , Glickman Nita , Bonney Patty
Published: September 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine if the presence of histopathologically tumor-free versus nontumor-free margins was prognostic for relapse or tumor-related death in dogs following surgical excision of single or multiple cutaneous mast cell tumors confined to the skin without evidence of metastasis to lymph nodes or other noncutaneous sites. Differences in tumor-related death or frequency of relapse between the two groups were not significant. Failure to achieve histopathological tumor-free margins frequently did not lead to local relapse. All tumor-related deaths occurred following local relapse. The lack of statistical support for an association between prognosis and histopathological tumor-free versus nontumor-free margins may be a result of small sample size.
Cardiopulmonary Effects of Intrathoracic Insufflation in Dogs
Authors: Daly Curt M. , Swalec-Tobias Karen , Tobias Anthony H. , Ehrhart Nicole
Published: September 2014

This study was designed to quantify the effects of incremental positive insufflation of the intrathoracic space on cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR), arterial pressure (AP), central venous pressure (CVP), and percent saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen (SPO2) in anesthetized dogs. Seven healthy, adult dogs from terminal teaching laboratories were maintained under anesthesia with isoflurane delivered with a mechanical ventilator. The experimental variables were recorded before introduction of an intrathoracic catheter, at intrathoracic pressures (IP) of 0 mm Hg, 3 mm Hg insufflation, and additional increments of 1 mm Hg insufflation thereafter until the SPO2 remained <85% despite increases in minute volume. Finally the variables were measured again at 0 mm Hg IP. The cardiac output and systolic and diastolic AP significantly (P<0.05) decreased at 3 mm Hg IP. Significant decreases in SPO2 were seen at 10 mm Hg IP. Significant increase in CVP was noted at 6 mm Hg IP. Heart rate decreased significantly at 5 to 6 mm Hg IP but was not decreased above 6 mm Hg IP. Given the degree of CO decrease at low intrathoracic pressures, insufflation-aided thoracoscopy should be used with caution and at the lowest possible insufflation pressure. Standard anesthetic monitoring variables such as HR and AP measurements may not accurately reflect the animal’s cardiovascular status.
Indirect Arterial Blood Pressure Measurement in Nonsedated Irish Wolfhounds: Reference Values for the Breed
Authors: Bright Janice M. , Dentino Mariellen
Published: September 2014

Arterial blood pressure measurements were obtained from 158 healthy Irish wolfhounds using the oscillometric technique to establish reference values for the breed. In contrast to other sight hounds, Irish wolfhounds have low arterial blood pressure. Mean systolic pressure for the group was 116.0 mm Hg. Mean diastolic pressure was 69.2 mm Hg, and the mean value for mean arterial pressure was 87.8 mm Hg. Blood pressure measurements were higher in older wolfhounds than in young dogs. There was no difference between systolic and mean arterial blood pressures in lateral recumbency compared to standing position. However, diastolic pressure was slightly lower when standing. Calm dogs had lower pressure than anxious wolfhounds. There was a significant interaction between the effects of age, gender, and mood on systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure values.
Closure of Median Sternotomy in Dogs: Suture Versus Wire
Authors: Pelsue Davyd H. , Monnet Eric , Gaynor Jamie S. , Powers Barbara E. , Halling Krista , Parker Denise , Golden Anne
Published: September 2014

Twenty normal, large-breed dogs underwent median sternotomy. Median sternotomies were closed with 20-gauge orthopedic wire in 10 dogs and no. 2 polybutester in 10 dogs. Closure with suture was faster than with wire (6.7±1.8 minutes versus 9.1±1.9 minutes, respectively). Significant differences were not observed in degree of postoperative pain or wound complication rates. Sternotomies closed with wire showed a trend to be more stable and had significantly less displacement on radiographic evaluation at 28 days. All sterna closed with wire examined histopathologically showed evidence of chondral or osteochondral bridging, while sterna closed with suture only showed fibrous union.
Portosystemic Shunts: Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of 64 Cases (1993–2001)
Authors: Winkler James T. , Bohling Mark W. , Tillson D. Michael , Wright James C. , Ballagas Antonio J.
Published: September 2014

Cases diagnosed with portosystemic shunting between the years 1993 and 2001 were reviewed. Sensitivities of screening tests and abdominal ultrasonographic evaluation for the detection of portosystemic shunting were evaluated. Prognosis for surgically treated shunts was also evaluated. Results indicated that both paired serum bile acids and blood ammonia levels were useful screening tests for portosystemic shunting. However, paired bile acid tests were significantly more sensitive than blood ammonia levels. Overall postoperative mortality rates for extrahepatic shunts and intrahepatic shunts were 8.7% and 20%, respectively. Postoperative mortality rates were slightly higher for animals treated with partial ligation when compared to those treated with ameroid ring placement, although this did not reach statistical significance. Long-term complication rates for animals with single extrahepatic portosystemic shunts treated with complete ligation, ameroid ring placement, and partial ligation alone were 9%, 15.4%, and 42%, respectively. Animals >2 years of age with extrahepatic shunts had almost identical postoperative mortality and long-term complication rates as animals ≤2 years of age. No animal in this study had paired bile acid samples within the reference range postoperatively, indicating continued abnormal liver function after surgery.
Postoperative Integrity of Veterinary Surgical Gloves
Authors: Character Ben J. , McLaughlin Ron M. , Hedlund Cheryl S. , Boyle Carolyn R. , Elder Steven H.
Published: September 2014

A multicenter, prospective study was performed to document the incidence of defective gloves postoperatively in veterinary surgery and to correlate defects with a variety of influencing factors. Gloves were collected after surgical procedures performed by the small animal clinical services at two veterinary teaching hospitals and one institution’s student surgery laboratories. Gloves were evaluated for defects using electrical resistance testing. The overall incidence of glove defects was 23.3%. Significantly more defects occurred in gloves used for nonsoft-tissue procedures and in gloves worn on the nondominant hand. Eighty-four percent of all defects occurred in procedures lasting >60 minutes. No differences were detected in the brands of gloves used nor among surgeons of different experience levels. The individuals performing the surgery were not able to accurately predict the presence of a defect in their gloves. Surgeons should remain alert for possible glove defects and consider measures such as changing gloves every 60 minutes or double-gloving to minimize potential complications.
Topical 0.1% Tacrolimus for the Treatment of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus and Pemphigus Erythematosus in Dogs
Authors: Griffies Joel D. , Mendelsohn Colleen L. , Rosenkrantz Wayne S. , Muse Rusty , Boord Mona J. , Griffin Craig E.
Published: September 2014

Topical 0.1% tacrolimus was used for treatment of localized lesions associated with 10 cases of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and two cases of pemphigus erythematosus (PE) either as a sole therapy (n=2) or as an adjunctive treatment (n=10). Eight of 10 dogs with DLE and both dogs with PE were improved following 8 weeks of topical application. In six of the eight dogs that improved, other medications were discontinued. No adverse effects in clinical or laboratory parameters were noted throughout the study.
Comparison of Microbial Isolates and Susceptibility Patterns From the External Ear Canal of Dogs With Otitis Externa
Authors: Graham-Mize Christine A. , Rosser Edmund J.
Published: September 2014

Otic exudate was obtained from 33 dogs with otitis externa for cytopathology and culture. Two samples were taken from the same location in the external ear canal, for a total of 100 samples. Thirty-six (36%) samples isolated only a single organism, of which 21 (21%) were Malassezia spp. Two organisms were present in 23 (23%) of the samples. Cultures of the two samples agreed in 40 (80%) of the 50 pairs. Cytopathology agreed with culture results only 68% of the time. Cytopathology and culture may not be as definitive as previously assumed because of apparent variability of the microbial population within the external canal.
Vinblastine and Prednisolone as Adjunctive Therapy for Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors
Authors: Davies David R. , Wyatt Kenneth M. , Jardine John E. , Robertson Ian D. , Irwin Peter J.
Published: September 2014

Twenty-seven dogs with inadequately excised, cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCT; 20 residual microscopic disease, seven marginal excision) were treated with a vinblastine and prednisolone chemotherapeutic protocol. Twenty dogs were available for follow-up examination after 12 months. One dog suffered local recurrence of the tumor, four dogs developed new cutaneous tumors, and one dog had both events. Fourteen dogs were free of MCT. There was no confirmed tumor-related mortality. Although toxicity from the chemotherapy was generally mild, one dog died of sepsis during treatment.
Major Glossectomy in Dogs: A Case Series and Proposed Classification System
Authors: Dvorak Laura D. , Beaver Daniel P. , Ellison Gary W. , Bellah Jamie R. , Mann Fred. A. , Henry Carolyn J.
Published: September 2014

Major resections of the tongue have not been commonly performed in animals because of concerns about the unfavorable postoperative effects of diminished lingual function. Five dogs were retrospectively reviewed to determine prehensile function and quality of life after glossectomies. Examinations were performed 1 week to 8 years after glossectomy, and owner interviews were conducted 10 months to 8 years after the surgery. All five dogs had acceptable and functional outcomes. Based on these five cases, glossectomy was well tolerated by dogs and may be a viable treatment option for aggressive tongue tumors and other conditions that render the tongue unsalvageable.
Investigation of Keyes Skin Biopsy Instrument for Intestinal Biopsy Versus a Standard Biopsy Technique
Authors: Keats Matthew M. , Weeren Robert , Greenlee Paul , Evans Krista L. , Minihan Anne C.
Published: September 2014

A prospective, clinical trial was conducted using 12 dogs that were presented for intestinal biopsy. Comparisons were made between paired jejunal biopsies collected using a Keyes biopsy punch and a standard scissor excisional technique. There were no differences in speed of collection, diagnostic value of specimens, complication rates, or sample quality. In this study, the Keyes skin punch was found to be safe, rapid, and diagnostic in all animals. Based on results of this study, the use of a Keyes punch instrument can be recommended as an alternative to other open intestinal biopsy methods.
Simultaneous Bilateral Femoral Head and Neck Ostectomy for the Treatment of Canine Hip Dysplasia
Authors: Rawson Elizabeth A. , Aronsohn Michael G. , Burk Ronald L.
Published: September 2014

Simultaneous bilateral femoral head and neck ostectomy (FHO) was performed on 15 dogs for severe bilateral hip dysplasia. A follow-up survey was performed 6 to 48 months after surgery to assess the postoperative recovery and activity levels of the operated dogs. All dogs had normal activity levels and were pain free according to their owners. Owner satisfaction regarding the outcome of the surgery was high. Simultaneous bilateral FHO was a viable surgical option for the treatment of painful bilateral hip disease in dogs, especially when other surgical options were not indicated or were cost prohibitive.
Fungal Urinary Tract Infections in the Dog and Cat: A Retrospective Study (2001–2004)
Authors: Jin Yipeng , Lin Degui
Published: September 2014

Thirty-five animals (23 dogs, 12 cats) with fungal urinary tract infections (UTIs) were retrospectively studied. Dysuria, hematuria, increased frequency of micturition, anorexia, depression, and pyrexia were the most common clinical signs noted. Seven species of fungi were identified in the affected animals. Candida albicans was the most common isolate. Most animals diagnosed with fungal UTI also had other concurrent urinary tract or medical problems. Lower urinary tract diseases, diabetes mellitus, neoplasia, and renal failure were the most common concurrent or preceding diseases identified. Resolution of fungal UTI occurred in 12 animals that received specific antifungal treatment.
Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy and Cranial Closing Wedge Ostectomy in a Cat With Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture
Authors: Hoots Eric A. , Petersen Steve W.
Published: September 2014

A 5-year-old domestic shorthair cat was presented for a nonweight-bearing left pelvic-limb lameness. Orthopedic and radiographic examinations revealed a cranial cruciate ligament rupture and deformity of the proximal tibial metaphysis. The deformity of the proximal tibia resulted in an exaggerated tibial plateau angle of approximately 75°. Surgical correction was performed with a combination of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy and cranial closing wedge ostectomy. The procedures resulted in an excellent clinical outcome with immediate return to weight bearing in the operated limb and progressive improvement in function over the ensuing 4 months.
Complications Associated With 696 Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomies (2001–2003)
Authors: Stauffer Kent D. , Tuttle Trent A. , Elkins A.D. , Wehrenberg Aaron P. , Character Ben J.
Published: September 2014

A total of 696 tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) procedures were performed over a 30-month period following TPLO training. The overall complication rate was 18.8%.

Complications were classified as perioperative (1%), short-term (9.3%), and long-term (8.5%). Examples of complications encountered during the study were hemorrhage, swelling at the incision site, premature staple removal by the dog, tibial tuberosity fracture, patella tendon swelling, and implant complications. Based on the rate of complications observed, clinical outcomes of TPLO procedures within 30 months of TPLO training were considered good.
Polyostotic Lymphoma With Vertebral Involvement and Spinal Extradural Compression in a Dog
Authors: Lamagna Barbara , Lamagna Francesco , Meomartino Leonardo , Paciello Orlando , Fatone Gerardo
Published: September 2014

A 10-year-old, male, mixed-breed dog that developed cervical pain and neurological deficits was diagnosed with primary lymphoma of the second cervical vertebra. The cervical lesion was not surgically resectable. A dorsal cervical hemilaminectomy was performed to provide temporary decompression. The dog had complete pain relief after surgery but was euthanized 6 weeks later with recurrent clinical signs and evidence of lymphoma in the right femur.
A Retrospective Study on the Use of Acepromazine Maleate in Dogs With Seizures
Authors: Tobias Karen M. , Marioni-Henry Katia , Wagner Rebecca
Published: September 2014

Use of acepromazine (i.e., acetylpromazine) maleate in dogs with a history of seizures is reportedly contraindicated because of the risk of decreasing the seizure threshold in these animals. In this retrospective study, acepromazine was administered for tranquilization to 36 dogs with a prior history of seizures and to decrease seizure activity in 11 dogs. No seizures were seen within 16 hours of acepromazine administration in the 36 dogs that received the drug for tranquilization during hospitalization. After acepromazine administration, seizures abated for 1.5 to 8 hours (n=6) or did not recur (n=2) in eight of 10 dogs that were actively seizing. Excitement-induced seizure frequency was reduced for 2 months in one dog.
Dealing With Chemotherapy Extravasations: A New Technique
Authors: Villalobos Alice
Published: September 2014

Doxorubicin, vincristine, and vinblastine are chemotherapeutic drugs commonly used in the treatment of cancer in pets. It takes technical skill to administer these drugs, because they are caustic sclerotics. If doxorubicin is extravasated into the perivascular tissues, the results may be devastating. The attending nurse and clinician must act vigorously to immediately remove every drop of the drug spilled into the tissues. Unfortunately, little has been written on how to effectively do that, but this paper describes an aggressive technique that can be used to combat such a spill.
The Use of Complementary and Alternative Therapies in Dogs and Cats With Cancer
Authors: Lana Susan E. , Kogan Lori R. , Crump Ken A. , Graham J. Terry , Robinson Narda G.
Published: September 2014

The use of complementary and alternative medical therapies is becoming widespread. The objective of this study was to examine the use of complementary and alternative therapies in dogs and cats with cancer. The types of modalities used, the intended purpose for each modality, sources of information pet owners used, and the level of interest in these modalities were all evaluated. Information was obtained by written survey, and 254 owners agreed to participate. Complementary and alternative therapy use was commonplace, with 76% of surveyed owners reporting some use. When prayer for health reasons was excluded, the number of owners reporting use dropped to 65%. Nutritional supplements were the most commonly used therapy.
Unilateral Leiomyoma in the Mesosalpinx of a Dog
Authors: Eker Kemal , Salmanoğlu Mehmet Rifat , Vural Sevil Atalay
Published: September 2014

Routine ultrasonographic evaluation of the genital organs of a 3-year-old terrier bitch revealed a mass at the level of the left ovary. The mass was located next to the caudal pole of the left kidney and ventrocaudal to the left ovary. Ultrasonographically, the uterus was not enlarged and had no luminal contents. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a mass attached to the left ovarian bursa with a small and thin pedicle. The mass had smooth margins, was whitish in color, and was lobulated on cut surface. The histopathological diagnosis of the mass was leiomyoma associated with the mesosalpinx.
Pregnancy-Associated Congestive Heart Failure in a Cat
Authors: Stoneham Anne E. , Graham Jennifer , Rozanski Elizabeth A. , Rush John Edward
Published: September 2014

A 4-year-old, late-term pregnant Himalayan queen was diagnosed with biventricular congestive heart failure characterized by pleural effusion and pulmonary edema. A cesarean section was performed, resulting in the birth of four live kittens, with one surviving to discharge. Congestive heart failure resolved rapidly following surgery. The queen remained asymptomatic for 9 years postoperatively. Volume expansion secondary to pregnancy was thought to result in cardiovascular volume overload and subsequent congestive heart failure.
Use of Controlled Ventilation in a Clinical Setting
Authors: Sereno Robin L.
Published: September 2014

Mechanical ventilation has long been used to maintain ventilation in humans when the lungs are rendered incapable of oxygenation or when respiration is affected by central nervous system depression, but it has only recently been applied to similar cases in dogs and cats. Although manual ventilation is still the more common form of ventilation in dogs and cats, mechanical intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV) is a much more efficient and reliable means of maintaining the highest quality of respiratory assistance. With proper training, technicians can use IPPV to support compromised animals until they are capable of maintaining normal oxygen concentrations.
Clinical Outcomes of 30 Cases (1997–2004) of Canine Gastrointestinal Lymphoma
Authors: Frank Joseph David , Reimer S. Brent , Kass Philip H. , Kiupel Matti
Published: September 2014

In 30 cases of canine gastrointestinal lymphoma, each case was localized to the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, or two or more sites. Treatments consisted of surgery alone (n=4), surgery with chemotherapy (n=8), chemotherapy alone (n=15), or supportive care (n=3). Four dogs died, 24 were euthanized, and two are currently alive. Median survival time for all cases was 13 days. In both surviving dogs, the site of lymphoma was the large intestine. Canine gastrointestinal lymphoma is a severe disease that warrants a poor to grave prognosis. However, cases of colorectal origin may have longer survival times.
Congenital Portosystemic Shunts in Five Mature Dogs With Neurological Signs
Authors: Windsor Rebecca Christine , Olby Natasha J.
Published: September 2014

Congenital portosystemic shunts are a common cause of hepatic encephalopathy and are typically first identified when dogs are <2 years of age. This case series describes five dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts; the dogs were presented for severe encephalopathic signs during middle or old age. Three dogs had portoazygos shunts, and four dogs had multifocal and lateralizing neurological abnormalities, including severe gait abnormalities and vestibular signs. All five dogs responded to medical or surgical treatment, demonstrating that older animals can respond to treatment even after exhibiting severe neurological signs.
Survival Data for Canine Oral Extramedullary Plasmacytomas: A Retrospective Analysis (1996–2006)
Authors: Wright Zachary M. , Rogers Kenita S. , Mansell Joanne
Published: September 2014

In a 10-year period, extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMP) represented 5.2% of all oral tumors found in the dog (16/302). These 16 oral EMP comprised 28.5% of all EMP within the same time period. Eleven dogs died with a median survival time of 474 days. Five dogs remain alive at the time of this writing. Dogs without complete surgical removal of the EMP and no adjuvant therapy had a median survival time of 138 days. Oral EMP have a clinical behavior consistent with EMP arising from other tissues. They have no obvious correlation with multiple myeloma, and complete surgical resection may be curative.
Comparison of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cytospins and Smears in Dogs and Cats
Authors: Dehard Sandrine , Bernaerts Frederique , Peeters Dominique , Detilleux Johann , McEntee Kathleen , Day Michael J. , Clercx Cecile
Published: September 2014

Differences in the cytological interpretation of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) after cytospin preparation (CP) or manual smearing of pelleted cells preparation (MSP) were investigated in client-owned dogs and cats with inflammatory or infectious lower respiratory disease. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from healthy cats was also examined. With MSP, cell lysis was more frequently observed, and cellular distribution was more heterogeneous throughout the slide. When samples from healthy and diseased animals were considered together, a significantly greater percentage of neutrophils was seen on CP than on MSP slides (P<0.002). Cytospin preparations were considered of better quality in all individual comparisons. Cytospin preparation is advised in the evaluation of BALF with low total cell count. When only MSPs are evaluated, clinicians should be aware that differential neutrophil counts may underestimate the counts found on CP slides.
A Novel Surgical Stapling Technique for Rectal Mass Removal: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Swiderski Jen , Withrow Stephen
Published: September 2014

Both benign and malignant rectal masses occur in dogs. The mainstay of treatment is surgical excision with adjuvant therapy based on histopathological diagnosis and completeness of removal. Location of the mass within the rectum helps dictate the approach used. This paper describes the use of a novel technique for removal of rectal masses involving the distal third of the rectum in seven dogs. To perform this technique, the rectum is prolapsed and stay sutures are placed to maintain prolapse. A thoracoabdominal stapling device is placed at the base of the mass with a minimum of 0.5- to 1-cm margins, and the mass is amputated. Mean time to veterinarian follow-up was 564 days, and no dog had recurrence of disease during this time.
Pharmacokinetics of Subcutaneous Low Molecular Weight Heparin (Enoxaparin) in Dogs
Authors: Lunsford Kari V. , Mackin Andrew J. , Langston V. Cory , Brooks Marjory
Published: September 2014

Unfractionated heparin has been the standard heparin used in human and veterinary medicine for its anticoagulation effect; however, it has a complex pharmacodynamic profile that requires close monitoring. Low molecular weight heparins have a more predictable bioavailability, allowing standardized dosing without individual patient monitoring. This project was designed to a) evaluate the pharmacokinetics of the subcutaneous (SC) administration of the low molecular weight heparin, enoxaparin, in dogs using anti-Xa activity as a marker of plasma enoxaparin concentrations and b) to establish the dose necessary to maintain activity within an established target range. Enoxaparin at 0.8 mg/kg SC q 6 hours consistently maintained target levels of anti-Xa activity in normal dogs without evidence of hemorrhagic complications.
Monoclonal Gammopathy Associated With Heartworm Disease in a Dog
Authors: de Caprariis Donato , Sasanelli Mariateresa , Paradies Paola , Otranto Domenico , Lia Riccardo
Published: September 2014

A 12-year-old, intact female, mixed Yorkshire terrier was evaluated for syncopal episodes, weakness, decreased appetite, and weight loss. Heartworm disease was diagnosed based on evidence of circulating microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis on direct examination of blood smears and a positive SNAP heartworm antigen test. An immunoglobulin G (IgG) gammopathy, demonstrated by serum protein electrophoresis, was associated with heartworm disease in this dog. Response to treatment with both an adulticide and the microfilaricide ivermectin included remission of clinical signs and a decrease in the monoclonal gammopathy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an IgG gammopathy associated with heartworm disease in the dog.
Endoscopic Polypectomy Using Endocautery in Three Dogs and One Cat
Authors: Foy Daniel S. , Bach Jonathan F.
Published: September 2014

Endoscopic polypectomy has long been employed in humans with either gastric or colonic polyps. Despite the frequency of use in humans, reports in veterinary medicine remain scarce. The medical records of three dogs and one cat were reviewed. Two animals that were presented with hematochezia underwent colonoscopic polypectomy and were clinically normal 22 months and 6 months postpolypectomy. One animal that was presented with chronic vomiting underwent gastric polypectomy and was clinically normal 21 months postpolypectomy. One animal with an incidentally discovered gastric polyp underwent polypectomy without complication. Endoscopic polypectomy may be a viable alternative to surgery in veterinary patients with gastric or colonic polyps.
Bilateral Ureteral Ectopia With Renal Dysplasia and Urolithiasis in a Dog
Authors: Yoon Hun-Young , Mann F. A. , Punke John P. , Jeong Soon-wuk
Published: September 2014

A 7-month-old, 4.3-kg, spayed female bichon frise was referred for evaluation of chronic urinary incontinence. Abdominal radiographs revealed calculi within the right kidney and ureter. An ultrasound revealed a small right kidney. An abdominal computed tomography scan with contrast revealed that the left ureter was extramurally ectopic, inserting into the proximal urethra. A right intramural ectopic ureter was identified during cystotomy. Ureteronephrectomy was performed on the right, and ureteroneocystostomy was performed on the left. A telephone conversation with the owner 4 months after surgery revealed that the dog exhibited no evidence of urine dribbling, and urinary continence was maintained well on phenyl-propanolamine (1.75 mg/kg orally q 12 hours). This is the first report of successful surgical management of bilateral ureteral ectopia with concurrent, unilateral, renal dysplasia and urolithiasis
Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia in Dogs: A Report of Three Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Comazzi Stefano , Gelain Maria E. , Bonfanti Ugo , Roccabianca Paola
Published: September 2014

Three dogs of different breeds, ages, and genders were presented with pale mucous membranes, depression, anorexia, and splenomegaly. Observed were severe normocytic, nor-mochromic, nonregenerative anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. Blood smears contained large, atypical cells with blue vacuolated cytoplasm, cytoplasmic blebs, round to oval central nuclei, and elevated numbers of cytoplasmic fragment resembling macroplatelets. Bi- and multinucleated atypical cells were found mainly in spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. A final diagnosis of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMegL) was made based on morphology and positivity to the megakaryocyte-derived cell-specific markers von Willebrand factor and CD61. In case nos. 1 and 2, no treatment was initiated, and the dogs died on days 4 and 3, respectively. Case no. 3 received supportive therapy with prednisone, and after a brief improvement the dog died spontaneously 35 days after initial presentation. Only 11 cases of AMegL have been reported in dogs, and the specific diagnostic criteria have not been well established. The presence of vacuolization, cytoplasmic blebs, central round nuclei, cytoplasmic fragments, and multinucleated cells in these three cases were considered useful to differentiate AMegL from other hematopoietic neoplasms.
Feline Hypertrophic Osteopathy: A Collection of Seven Cases in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Chiung-Hui , Jeng Chian-Ren , Lin Chung-Tien , Yeh Lih-Seng
Published: September 2014

Between October 2003 and May 2004, seven cats were diagnosed with severe and extensive hypertrophic osteopathy of the appendicular skeleton without detectable underlying causes. All cats showed similar clinical signs of pain with progressive lameness of the limbs. One cat died shortly after presentation, whereas conditions of the others resolved after medical treatment and a change in diet. Regression of the bone lesions was observed radiographically in all surviving six cases.
Uterine Rupture and Septic Peritonitis Following Dystocia and Assisted Delivery in a Great Dane Bitch
Authors: Humm Karen R. , Adamantos Sophie E. , Benigni Livia , Armitage-Chan Elizabeth A. , Brockman Daniel J. , Chan Daniel L.
Published: September 2014

A Great Dane bitch was treated for presumed primary uterine inertia with repeated doses of oxytocin and manually assisted whelping. She was diagnosed with uterine rupture and septic peritonitis the following day. The uterine rupture is hypothesized to have occurred as a result of the management strategy used to treat dystocia. The dog underwent ovariohysterectomy, and the septic peritonitis was managed with open peritoneal drainage. The dog recovered well and was discharged 5 days later. No previous reports of canine uterine rupture associated with manual intervention appear to have been published. This report highlights the potential dangers involved in such an approach.
Treatment of Feline Gastrointestinal Small-Cell Lymphoma With Chlorambucil and Glucocorticoids
Authors: Stein Timothy J. , Pellin MacKenzie , Steinberg Howard , Chun Ruthanne
Published: September 2014

Gastrointestinal (GI) lymphoma is the most frequently diagnosed form of lymphoma in the cat and is categorized into two distinct forms based on the size of neoplastic lymphocytes. Treatments for both large- and small-cell GI lymphoma have been described previously; however, multiple chemotherapy protocols were used, a minimal amount of histopathological characterization was provided, and, in most studies, the majority of diagnoses were obtained via endoscopic pinch biopsies. Twenty-eight cats (24 with full-thickness intestinal biopsies) were diagnosed with small-cell GI lymphoma and treated with a combination of chlorambucil and glucocorticoids. The majority of cases were strongly CD3+, and many displayed epitheliotropism. The overall clinical response rate was 96%, with a median clinical remission duration of 786 days. Follow-up identified seven cats with relapsed disease—all of which were treated with a rescue protocol of cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids; the response rate was 100%, and four of the 28 cats were diagnosed with a second malignancy.
Prepubic Urethrostomy and Vaginoplasty in a Female Cat
Authors: Przywara John , Byron Julie , Bennett R. Avery , Ham Kathleen , Greenfield Cathy L. , Steele Kirsten
Published: September 2014

A 1-year-old, intact female, domestic shorthaired cat was presented for dysuria resulting from perineal scarring subsequent to injuries incurred during a cat fight. A prepubic urethrostomy was performed to manage the dysuria. Eleven months later, the cat was re-presented with a 3-day history of pyrexia and inappetence. A pinpoint opening extending 0.5 cm ventral to the anus on midline, exuding a clear discharge, was noted in the perineal region. A contrast fistulogram was performed, and a vaginoperineal fistula was diagnosed. The fistulous tract was a result of vulvar stricture from the trauma of the cat fight. A vaginoplasty was performed to create an opening for vaginal secretions. This is the first published report of a prepubic urethrostomy performed in a female cat.
Epiphora associated with dacryops in a dog
Authors: Grahn BH , Mason RA
Published: September 2014

A six-month-old basset hound was presented with unilateral right epiphora and medial canthal and maxillary bone swelling. Skull radiographs and dacryocystorhinography revealed a nasal cyst, right nasolacrimal duct dilatation, and obstruction. Laboratory examination of the cyst confirmed the diagnosis of dacryops, a cyst of lacrimal gland origin. The cyst was treated successfully with surgical drainage and curettage.
Multiple dental developmental abnormalities following canine distemper infection
Authors: Bittegeko SB , Arnbjerg J , Nkya R , Tevik A
Published: September 2014

Multiple dental developmental abnormalities (e.g., dental impaction, partial eruption, oligodontia, enamel hypoplasia, and dentin hypoplasia) in a 10-month-old, female, Tanzanian tropical mixed-breed puppy are reported. Various permanent teeth were involved. These included impacted mandibular canine and first and third premolar teeth; a partially erupted maxillary canine tooth; oligodontia of a mandibular fourth premolar tooth; enamel hypoplasia of the maxillary and mandibular canine teeth, incisors, and premolars; and dentin hypoplasia of the maxillary incisors, maxillary premolars, and mandibular premolars. The puppy had clinical canine distemper at the age of two months and had no history of any other systemic nor generalized infection prior to the time when the dental abnormalities were observed.
The intracapsular extraction of displaced lenses in dogs: a retrospective study of 57 cases (1984-1990)
Authors: Glover TL , Davidson MG , Nasisse MP , Olivero DK
Published: September 2014

Records of 48 dogs (57 eyes) that underwent intracapsular lens extraction (ICLE) of displaced lenses were reviewed. Preoperatively, 73% (19/26 eyes) of eyes with anterior luxations had secondary glaucoma compared to 43% (10/23 eyes) with subluxations and 38% (3/8 eyes) with posterior luxations. Forty-one of 57 eyes (72%) had vision and intraocular pressure (IOP) less than 30 mm Hg four to six weeks after surgery. This percentage declined to 61% (22/36 eyes) in three months and 53% (8/15 eyes) in 12 months. Eyes with glaucoma before ICLE had a lower success rate (66%) than eyes without (82%). Since secondary glaucoma was the most common cause of failure, this study suggests that removal of a subluxated lens or a posteriorly luxated lens should be recommended before the lens moves into the anterior chamber.
Fatal reexpansion pulmonary edema in a kitten following surgical correction of pectus excavatum
Authors: Soderstrom MJ , Gilson SD , Gulbas N
Published: September 2014

Fulminant, fatal pulmonary edema developed in an eight-week-old kitten following external splint correction of severe pectus excavatum. History, signalment, onset of clinical signs, and gross pathological findings were most compatible with a diagnosis of reexpansion pulmonary edema (RPE). This report presents case findings and a literature review of RPE.
Virucidal efficacy of the newer quaternary ammonium compounds
Authors: Kennedy MA , Mellon VS , Caldwell G , Potgieter LN
Published: September 2014

The virucidal activity of several disinfectants containing newer generation quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) as their active ingredients was evaluated. Disinfectants were used at the manufacturers' recommended dilutions with isolates of feline herpesvirus, feline calicivirus, and canine parvovirus, and a contact time of 10 minutes at room temperature. Detoxification of virus/disinfectant solutions was done by dialysis prior to virus assay in cell cultures. Two of four disinfectants completely inactivated feline herpesvirus, and two significantly reduced the titer of this virus. None of the disinfectants that were tested completely inactivated feline calicivirus. Canine parvovirus was not inactivated significantly by any of the QAC disinfectants. Sodium hypochlorite completely inactivated all viruses.
Canine immune-mediated diabetes mellitus: a case report
Authors: Elie M , Hoenig M
Published: September 2014

A four-year-old, spayed female toy fox terrier presented with hyperglycemia and severe anemia. A diagnosis of immune-mediated diabetes mellitus was made based upon the finding of beta-cell specific antibodies. Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia was diagnosed based on findings of a regenerative anemia, spherocytosis, hyperbilirubinemia, hemoglobinuria, and bilirubinuria. The anemia resolved following two months of immunosuppressive therapy. The diabetes was treated with insulin for four months, after which time treatment was no longer necessary. However, the dog remained positive for beta-cell antibodies which may be a predictive marker for the recurrence of diabetes mellitus in the future.
Cystic, peritoneal mesothelioma in a dog
Authors: DiPinto MN , Dunstan RW , Lee C
Published: September 2014

A 10-year-old, spayed female beagle was presented with a 2.5-year history of ascites. The ascitic fluid was a modified transudate with no abnormal cells present. Cardiac and hepatic functions were normal. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed cystic abnormalities of the peritoneal serosal surfaces. On exploratory laparotomy, the parietal and visceral peritonea were covered with variably sized, thin-walled cysts containing serous fluid. Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural analyses of the lesions were consistent with a diagnosis of cystic, peritoneal mesothelioma.
Surgical approach for lymph node staging of oral and maxillofacial neoplasms in dogs
Authors: Smith MM
Published: September 2014

A single surgical approach was developed to provide exposure for excisional biopsy of lymph nodes with afferent drainage of the head. The procedure was performed in six, fresh, canine cadavers and three canine patients diagnosed with neoplasia of the head. The relatively short, oblique incision and subsequent deeper dissection allowed surgical access to the three principal lymphocentrums with afferents from the head. There was no clinical evidence of negative side effects in patients receiving this surgery for lymph node staging. Histopathological evidence of metastasis was observed in at least one of the three lymphocentrums evaluated. Interestingly, lymph nodes (parotid and medial retropharyngeal) which would have been considered difficult to evaluate by fine-needle aspiration provided useful diagnostic and prognostic information. Based on the results of this study, the ipsilateral parotid, mandibular, and medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes may be excised through a single incision in a safe and effective manner.
A study of the use of a transdermal fentanyl patch in cats
Authors: Scherk-Nixon M
Published: September 2014

A transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) has been developed for the continuous delivery of fentanyl citrate to provide ongoing analgesia in human patients with chronic pain. Several researchers believe that fentanyl transdermal patches have a place in postoperative pain control. The purpose of this study was to determine whether transdermal technology is an effective way of administering fentanyl to feline patients. Fentanyl patches were applied to the skin of six cats, and blood samples for fentanyl analysis were collected over 104 hours. This study establishes that the transdermal patch technology is an effective, long-lasting, cost-effective, noninvasive, and well-tolerated mode of deliverying fentanyl to cats.
Intestinal pseudodiverticulosis in a cat
Authors: Evers P , Kramek BA , Root MV
Published: September 2014

A two-year-old domestic shorthair presented for estrous behavior four months after ovariohysterectomy. On exploratory laparotomy, ovarian remnant tissue and multiple intestinal diverticula were found. Histopathology identified the diverticula as pseudodiverticula.
Evaluation of urine gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-creatinine ratio as a diagnostic tool in an experimental model of aminoglycoside-induced acute renal failure in the dog
Authors: Rivers BJ , Walter PA , O'Brien TD , King VL , Polzin DJ
Published: September 2014

The potential diagnostic utility of the urine gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)-to-creatinine ratio was evaluated in an experimental canine model of aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity. A therapeutic dosage of gentamicin resulted in a twofold increase in the mean urine GGT-to-creatinine ratio that was not associated with clinically significant nephrotoxicity. In dogs each given a nephrotoxic dosage of gentamicin, an increase in mean urine GGT-to-creatinine ratios approximately three times baseline values preceded clinically significant abnormalities in serum creatinine, urine specific gravity, and urine protein-to-creatinine ratio. The urine GGT-to-creatinine ratio appears superior as an early indicator of aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity. Further studies in canine clinical cases are warranted.