bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increasing cellular fitness and product yields in Pseudomonas putida through an engineered phosphoketolase shunt
Authors: Bruinsma Lyon , Martin-Pascual Maria , Kurnia Kesi , Tack Marieken , Hendriks Simon , Kranenburg Richard , Santos Vitor A.P. Martins dos
Published: June 2022

Background Pseudomonas putida as a cell factory is increasingly being used due to its remarkable features such as fast growth, versatile and robust metabolism, extensive genetic toolbox and high tolerance to oxidative stress and toxic compounds. This interest is driven by the need to improve microbial performance to a level that enables biologically possible processes to become economically feasible and thereby foster the transition from an oil-based economy to a more sustainable bio-based one. To this end, one of the current strategies is to maximize the product-substrate yield of an aerobic biocatalyst such as P. putida during growth on glycolytic carbon sources, such as glycerol and xylose. We demonstrate that this can be achieved by implementing the phosphoketolase shunt, through which pyruvate decarboxylation is prevented, and thus carbon loss is minimized. ResultsIn this study, we introduced the phosphoketolase shunt in the metabolism of P. putida KT2440. To maximize the effect of this pathway, we first tested and selected a phosphoketolase (Xfpk) enzyme with high activity in P. putida. Results of the enzymatic assays revealed that the most efficient Xfpk was the one isolated from Bifidobacterium breve. Using this enzyme, we improved the P. putida growth rate on glycerol and xylose by 44 and 167 %, respectively, as well as the biomass yield quantified by OD600nm by 50 and 30 %, respectively. Finally, we achieved 38.5 % and 25.9 % more mevalonate-glycerol and flaviolin-glycerol yield, respectively. A similar effect was observed on the mevalonate-xylose and flaviolin-xylose yields, which increased 48.7 and 49.4 %, respectively. ConclusionsP. putida with the Xfpk shunt grew faster, reached higher final OD600nm and provided better product-substrate yields. By reducing the pyruvate decarboxylation flux, we significantly improved the performance of this important workhorse for industrial applications. This work encompasses the first steps towards full implementation of the non-oxidative glycolysis (NOG) or the glycolysis alternative high carbon yield cycle (GATCHYC), in which a substrate is converted into products without CO2 loss These enhanced properties of P. putida will be crucial for its subsequent use in a range of industrial processes.
Demography of a nearshore gadid (Eleginus nawaga) from the Barents Sea coast during the last glacial period
Authors: Gharrett A. J. , Chernova Natalia V. , Smé Noël A. , Lyon Sarah , Barry Patrick D.
Published: June 2022

Recent glaciations in northwestern Russia completely covered the Barents Sea during four glacial advances. At the peaks of those glacial advances, there were no nearshore macrofauna. Consequently, colonization by species that now inhabit present-day nearshore waters must have occurred since the habitat became available and hospitable, less than 15 ka. We analyzed microsatellite data from Eleginus nawaga (Gadiformes: Gadidae) collected from Khaipudyrskaya Bay in the southeastern Barents Sea with coalescent-based models to estimate the times and effective population sizes that existed before and after major historical demographic changes. Colonization of E. nawaga, which could only follow establishment of a lower trophic-level food web, provides an indicator of the for that timing. The results of the analyses were consistent with two major demographic events. After an initial founding event from a small number of individuals before ~ 140 ka, the population grew to an effective size of about 2700 individuals. Subsequently, probably as the ice receded after the Last Glacial Maximum, it plateaued at ~ 26,000 about 3000 years ago. Colonization likely came from eastern populations following the Saalian Period, after which there was little nearshore ice to the East of the Kara Sea.
Assessing fire impacts on the Pantanal wetland using Sentinel-2 imagery
Authors: Jankauskaite Greta , Delegido Jesús
Published: June 2022

Background

Fire is an increasingly common disturbance factor, which often results in severe damage to ecosystems and causes long-term post-fire effects. In 2020, the Pantanal wetland experienced the most catastrophic fire season over the last two decades, which led to devastating environmental impacts. Based on Sentinel-2 satellite imagery spanning a period from June to November 2020, we used the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) to measure the scope of 2020 fires in the Pantanal Matogrossense National Park. Additionally to burnt area estimations, we aimed to evaluate fire-induced changes in vegetation health and its post-fire recovery using Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Chlorophyll Content (Cab), Canopy Water Content (CWC), Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fAPAR) and Fraction of Vegetation Cover (fCOVER) biophysical variables, as well as changes in lagoon water quality using Total Suspended Matter (TSM), Chlorophyll (Chl) and Kd_z90max (i.e., the depth of the water column from which 90% of the water-leaving irradiance is derived) products offered by Sentinel-2. Moreover, we conducted a vegetation and water quality recovery analysis using imagery from five months post-fire.

Results

Our findings suggest that approximately 73% of the Pantanal Matogrossense National Park was affected by the 2020 wildfires and experienced burns of varying severity. An estimated 59% of the total burnt area experienced high severity burns, 27.1% moderate and only 13.9% were classified as low severity. By the end of fires in November 2020, all vegetation biophysical variables indicated a substantial reduction in vegetation health across the study area. Water quality in the four studied lagoons was reduced since total suspended matter (TSM) and water transparency (Kd_z90max) decreased. Five months post-fire, vegetation as well as water quality recovered to pre-fire state, suggesting great resilience of the ecosystem.

Conclusions

The findings of our study contribute to the scarce research into the impacts of 2020 fires on the Pantanal wetland and provide a practical remote sensing methodology that could be applied to study fire impacts on other areas of poor access worldwide.
An Approach to Detect Parkinson’s Disease Employing Pre-trained Deep Neural Network on Hypokinetic Dysarthria Symptoms
Authors: Dhanalakshmi Samiappan , Kuresan Harisudha , Jeevan Arathy , Gupta Sukirti
Published: June 2022

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a long-term central nervous system disease that causes damage in nerve cells and consequently affects mobility due to the lack of dopamine in the brain. PD is similarly effective in so-called dysarthria and comprises different pitches, lengthy pauses, monotonous and slow or slurred speech. The datasets containing several vocal features, gait features, and handwriting features of PD patients were analyzed in the proposed investigation and healthy control groups. This data package is taken as an input to study specific Machine Learning Algorithms and neural networks, such as ANN and LSTM, Random Forest Classifier, Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machines (SVM), Linear Regression, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). The second phase was followed by voice input from PD and healthy patients. The input is converted to Mel spectrograms, and various Transfer Learning models, such as Inceptionv3, ResNet50, and MobileNetv2, are examined. Inception-V3 gives 96.88 % accuracy compared with all other variants.
Analysis of the architecture of the hardware and software complex for ground-based ionosphere radiosounding
Authors: Zikiryaev Nurzhan , Grishchenko Valentina , Rakisheva Zaure , Kovtun Alexander
Published: June 2022

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the need for qualitative consideration and analysis of the basic architectural principles taken as a basis for the development of a hardware and software complex designed to conduct work on remote radiosounding of the ionosphere. The purpose of this study is to analyse the basic principles of building the architecture of a hardware and software complex for ground-based ionosphere radiosounding, to create a high-quality scientific base for further research of various processes occurring in ionospheric plasma, changes in its structure and state. The basis of the methodological approach in this study is a combination of methods of system analysis of the basic principles of building the architecture of a hardware and software complex of ground-based ionosphere radiosounding with an analytical investigation of the features of the radiosounding procedure, to obtain the most objective and reliable information about the real state of this atmospheric layer of the Earth and the processes occurring in it. The results obtained emphasise the importance of practical issues of creating a high-quality architecture of a hardware and software complex for ground-based radiosounding of the atmosphere and indicate the presence of a systemic relationship between the quality of the hardware and software complex, the presence of disturbances in the ionosphere, and the nature of these disturbances. The results obtained have significant practical significance for developers of modern radiosounding systems of atmospheric layers, and for operators of systems of this kind, whose direct duties include monitoring the state of these systems and maintaining an adequate level of their operability to conduct scientific experiments
Migration policy implementation and its politics in South Africa
Authors: Adetiba Toyin Cotties
Published: June 2022

Globally, migration is to a certain degree an important and highly debated political topic among scholars because of its peculiarity to human movement and relationship between states. Migration is fundamental to liberal democracies and a function of the international system of states. Following the demise of the apartheid system and the adoption of inclusive governance in South Africa in 1994, the country has continued to witness an influx of migrants. However, the call for the deportation and rejection of migrants amongst South Africans has continued to increase with black foreign nationals at the receiving end, sometimes openly or clandestinely done by government officials. Using a qualitative research method, underpinned by the following questions (i) Is South Africa playing politics with its migration policies, while surreptitiously legalizing xenophobism? (ii) Can well-managed migration policies allay the fears of foreign nationals, particularly the blacks in South Africa? (iii) What effects would anti-immigrants’ laws and attitudes have on South Africa’s relations with other [African] countries? The paper argued that South Africa’s preoccupation with restrictionism policies, driven by xenophobism and political interest, seems to have compromised inroads for immigrants that are very important to its economic growth, concluding that unless the rhetoric of a perceived socio-economic threat, posed by migrants, is countered effectively, South Africa’s economies stand to lose out substantially from the implementation of anti-immigration policies.
The dynamics of implementing climate change adaptation at the local municipal level
Authors: Mokoele Ngoako J.
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the paper is to evaluate the dynamics of implementing climate change objectives within the South African local government. Climate change has been intensifying over the years and cities are recognised to be vulnerable. The promulgation of various acts and plans, such as the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (1996), Spatial Planning and Land Use and Management Act (SPLUMA), National Urban Development Framework and Integrated Development Plan (IDP), is to ensure environmental protection inclusive of climate change mitigation and adaptation. However, the multiplicity of challenges, such as budgetary constraints, lack of political will, capacitated personnel, coupled with service delivery backlogs, deter the commitment by the municipality to implement measures to adapt and mitigate climate change. The persistence of climate change effects around the city has reduced the resilience of South African cities. The resilient theory asserts that cities must have the ability to operate post any perturbation. The adaptation to climate change around the city is important to ensure the system’s ability to be resilient. The study found that the multiplicity of factors, interplaying within the City of Polokwane, demonstrates difficulties to adapt and mitigating climate change. The study concludes that the employment of solar systems, maintenance of drainage systems and proper planning are key determinants of affective planning in an attempt to mitigate and adapt to climate change
PENGEMBANGAN KUALITAS SUSU SAPI KELOMPOK TANI TERNAK (PKTT) SIDO MAKMUR SIDOREJO, GUNUNUGPATI, KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Lindayani  , Hartajanie Laksmi , Setiawan Florentinus Budi , Matitaputty Shandy Jannifer , Sitinjak Elizabeth Lucky Maretha
Published: June 2022

Perkumpulan Kelompok Tani Ternak (PKTT) Sido Makmur Sidorejo, Gunungpati kota Semarang berbasis susu sapi perah mempunyai potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai desa wisata. Tetapi pengelolaan produk susu sapi perah belum optimal karena masih dilakukan dengan cara konvensional dan kurang memperhatikan higienitas dan sanitasi. Oleh karena itu, kualitas susu sapi perah menjadi bagian yang dikaji. Harapan dari hasil kajian dapat bermanfaat untuk memperbaiki kualitas susu sapi perah mengingat prospek PKTT sangat menjanjikan sebagai destinasi untuk kunjungan wisatawan sekaligus untuk menikmati hasil perahan susu sapi tersebut. Pengabdian ini memiliki dua sasaran, yaitu pada kualitas susu sapi serta pada aspek ekonominya. Analisis kualitas susu berdasarkan pada syarat mutu standar nasional Indonesia (SNI) 3141.1:2111 (SNI Susu Segar Sapi) serta memperhatikan kebersihan lingkungan kandang sapi dan kebersihan sapi. Sedangkan aspek ekonomi dilakukan inovasi bisnis berdasarkan hasil diskusi mendalam dan pelatihan keuangan dan ekonomi. Berdasarkan analisis laboratorium yang dilakukan, diketahui bahwa susu sapi segar telah memenuhi beberapa syarat mutu seperti berat jenis (1,04 g/mL), pH (6,03), kadar lemak (4,08%) sedang kadar protein masih dibawah syarat mutu sedikit (2,37% < 2,8%). Untuk sensori susu sapi perah (warna, baru, rasa dan kekentalan) tidak ada perubahan. Syarat mutu cemaran mikroba total plate count (≥ 1x106 CFU/mL), Staphylococcus aureus (≥ 1x102 CFU/mL), Enterobacter (≥ 1x103 CFU/mL), Escherichia coli (≥ 1x102 CFU/mL). Cemaran mikroba masih ditemukan dikarenakan kebersihan kandang sapi dan kebersihan sapi belum baik. Hasil diskusi dan pelatihan keuangan dan ekonomi memunculkan ide-ide pengembangan bisnis berbasis ekonomi/potensi lokal. Maka, solusi yang diberikan oleh tim pengabdian adalah renovasi kandang sapi dan memberikan pelatihan kepada Perkumpulan Kelompok Tani Ternak (PKTT) Sido Makmur Sidorejo serta pendampingan ekonomi berkelanjutan.
Pengembangan Kompetensi Persiapan Pembelajaran Daring Di Era Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Djajalaksana Yenni , Zakaria Teddy Marcus , Edi Doro , Surjawan Daniel Jahja , Gantini Tiur , Kartawihardja Djoni Setiawan
Published: June 2022

Situasi Pandemi COVID-19 telah memaksa banyak sekolah, universitas, dan banyak organisasi pendidikan di Indonesia memasuki situasi yang tidak terduga. Mengingat lockdown, pembatasan kegiatan sosial, dan pemberlakuan social distancing oleh pemerintah Indonesia, banyak institusi pendidikan yang berjuang untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan adaptasi kebiasaan baru. Sebagai salah satu institusi pendidikan dengan fasilitas yang tergolong mumpuni, Fakultas Teknologi Informasi (FTI) melaksanakan program pengabdian kepada masyarakat dengan memberikan pelatihan-pelatihan bagi para guru pendidik di tingkat Sekolah Menengah maupun Sekolah Dasar untuk dapat mempersiapkan materi-materi pembelajaran yang menarik dengan menggunakan unsur kreatifitas pada Slides, Video, Blog, maupun Vlog dan menanamkan unsur Gamification for Learning pada materi pembelajarannya. Pelaksanaan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini dinilai telah dapat memperkaya pengetahuan para guru dan meningkatkan kepercayaan untuk mendidik para siswa di era adaptasi kebiasaan baru yang menggabungkan metode pembelajaran daring dan luring. Kegiatan yang terlaksana untuk sebuah sekolah swasta di Bandung telah terlaksana dengan baik dan menerima umpan balik dari para peserta program pengabdian pada masyarakat ini.
The relevance of accounting information in the era of Ind AS: Evidence from a Nifty Energy Index
Authors: P. Venugopala Rao K. , Ibrahim Farha , Phutela Nidhi
Published: June 2022

This paper investigates the value relevance of the financial information reported by energy companies included in the NSE Energy Index after the mandatory adoption of the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) for the 2016–2017 accounting year. The fixed-effects model was employed on the panel data of energy companies included in the NSE Energy Index to study the impact of the accounting information on the market price of the shares for the period 2017–2021. The study suggests that a company’s book value consistently explained the variation in the market price across each year individually. Moreover, with the control of time across firms for the study period, book value per share and net cash flow from investing activities have significant explanatory power on the market price of a company’s shares. Profit after tax, which is widely used to determine a firm’s performance, cannot explain the variability in the market price of shares.
Common Ictal and Interictal Perfusion Patterns: A Window into the Epileptogenic Network and SUDEP Mechanism in Drug-Resistant Focal Epilepsy
Authors: Chacón Lilia M. Morales , García Lidice Galan , García-Ramón Karla Batista , Báez Martin Margarita Minou , Bosch-Bayard Jorge , Alfonso Maydelis Alfonso , Batista Sheyla Berrillo , Bermudez Tania de la Paz , González Judith González , Coroneaux Abel Sánchez , Ruiz Ángel Águila , Roque Marlene Perera , Matamoro Leysi Murada
Published: June 2022

Background:

Focal epilepsies have been described as network disease. Noninvasive investigative techniques have been used to characterize epileptogenic networks.

Objetive:

To describe ictal and interictal cortical and subcortical perfusion patterns using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE).

Methods:

Thirty-five interictal- ictal SPECT scans were obtained from 15 patients with DRE. A methodology was developed to get a relative perfusion index (PI) of 74 cortical and sub-cortical brain structures. K-means algorithm together with a modified v-fold cross-validation were used to identify the two regions of interest (ROI's) that represent hypoperfused and hyperperfused areas.

Results:

In common with the individual analysis, the statistical analysis evidenced that the hyperperfusion ROIs resulting from group analysis during interictal, and ictal involved mainly the cingulate gyrus, cuneus, the lingual gyrus, gyrus rectus as well as the putamen. ROIs hypoperfused included the red nucleus, the substantia nigra, and the medulla. The medians of the group analysis of the hypoperfusion and hyperperfusion ROIs were 0.601-0.565 and 1,133 - 1,119 for the ictal and interictal states, correspondingly. A group of mostly cortical structures involved in the hyperperfused ROIs in both interictal and ictal states showed no change or negative change in the transition from interictal to ictal state (mean change of -0.002). On the other hand, the brain stem, basal ganglia, red nucleus, and thalamus revealed a mean global change of 0.19, indicating a mild increase in the PI. However, some of these structures (red nucleus, substantia nigra, and medulla oblongata) remained hypoperfused during the interictal to ictal transition.

Conclusion:

The methodology employed made it possible to identify common cortical and subcortical perfusion patterns not directly linked to epileptogenicity, but open a window for the epileptogenic network and sudden unexpected death (SUDEP) mechanism in DRE .
Temozolomide: An Overview of Biological Properties, Drug Delivery Nanosystems,
and Analytical Methods
Authors: Dutra Jessyca Aparecida Paes , Luiz Marcela Tavares , Tavares Junior Alberto Gomes , Di Filippo Leonardo Delello , Carvalho Suzana Gonçalves , Chorilli Marlus
Published: June 2022

Temozolomide (TMZ) is an imidazotetrazine prodrug used to treat glioblastoma multiforme. Its physicochemical prop-erties and small size confer the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. The antitumor activity depends on pH-dependent hydrolysis of the methyldiazonium cation, which is capable of methylating purine bases (O6-guanine; N7-guanine, and N3-adenine) and causing DNA damage and cell death. TMZ is more stable in acidic media (pH ≤ 5.0) than in basic media (pH ≥ 7.0) due to the protonated form that minimizes the catalytic process. Because of this, TMZ has high oral bioavailability, but it has a half-life of 1.8 h and low brain distribution (17.8%), requiring a repeated dos-ing regimen that limits its efficacy and increases adverse events. Drug delivery Nanosystems (DDNs) improve the phys-icochemical properties of TMZ and may provide controlled and targeted delivery. Therefore, DDNs can increase the efficacy and safety of TMZ. In this context, to ensure the efficiency of DDNs, analytical methods are used to evaluate TMZ pharmacokinetic parameters, encapsulation efficiency, and the release profile of DDNs. Among the methods, high-performance liquid chromatography is the most used due to its detection sensitivity in complex matrices such as tissues and plasma. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography features fast analysis and no sample pretreatment. Spec-trophotometric methods are still used to determine encapsulation efficiency due to their low cost, despite their low sen-sitivity. This review summarizes the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of free TMZ and TMZ-loaded DDNs. In addition, this review addresses the main analytical methods employed to characterize TMZ in different ma-trices.
FAMILIA ARACEAE
Authors:   Missouri Botanical Garden, Croat Thomas B. , Carlsen Mónica ,   Missouri Botanical Garden
Published: June 2022

En esta contribución se considera la familia Araceae en su sentido tradicional (excluyendo Acoraceae y Lemnaceae), que incluye 105 géneros y aproximadamente 3300 especies, ampliamente distribuidas sobre todo en las regiones tropicales y subtropicales, así como en las templadas del hemisferio norte. Muchas se cultivan, sobre todo para propósitos ornamentales. De México se conocen 13 géneros y 109 especies nativas o naturalizadas, cinco géneros y siete especies han sido introducidos, y se espera encontrar ocho especies adicionales.
FAMILIA ACERACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Centro Regional del Bajío, Calderón de Rzedowski Graciela
Published: June 2022

Se reconocen comúnmente dos géneros (algunos autores consideran hasta cinco), con 110 a 200 especies, de las que (1)2 ó 3 pertenecen a Dipteronia del centro de China y el resto corresponde a Acer (los “arces” o “maples”), que se encuentra ampliamente distribuido, sobre todo en regiones templadas del Hemisferio Norte. En varios países sus representantes son económicamente importantes, ya como plantas sacaríferas, ornamentales, forrajeras, o bien, útiles en la reforestación y la ebanistería. Grupo cercano a las sapindáceas, con las que algunos autores han opinado que deben unirse y considerarse como una sola familia.
FAMILIA CUCURBITACEAE
Authors:   Unidad de Biotecnología y Prototipos Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Lira Saade Rafael
Published: June 2022

La familia Cucurbitaceae está constituida por 118 géneros y poco más de 825 especies, distribuidas principalmente en los trópicos y subtrópicos, con unos cuantos representantes extendiéndose a las regiones templadas de ambos hemisferios. En México se manifiesta con 141 especies y taxa infraespecíficos, pertenecientes a 38 géneros de sus dos subfamilias (Cucurbitoideae y Zanonioideae). Para la zona de estudio se reconocen 16 géneros, los cuales a su vez incluyen a 37 especies silvestres. Es una familia con varios componentes de gran importancia económica y cultural, pues muchos son plantas domesticadas utilizadas con fines alimenticios o de otro tipo. En nuestro país se cultivan varias, tanto nativas de México o de otras partes de América, como las calabazas (Cucurbita spp.), el chayote (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz) y la calabaza melona (Sicana odorifera (Vell.) Naudin), como también introducidas del Viejo Mundo, entre las que destacan el melón (Cucumis melo L.), el pepino (C. sativus L.), la sandía (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura & Nakai) y el estropajo (Luffa aegyptiaca Mill. = L. cylindrica (L.) Roem. Es posible que la mayoría de ellas también estén representadas en la zona de estudio.
Магнитообъемные эффекты и тепловое расширение в киральных геликоидальных ферромагнетиках Fe-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-Co-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-Si
Authors: Повзнер А.А. , Волков А.Г. , Ноговицына Т.А. , Бессонов С.А.
Published: June 2022

Within the framework of the theory of band magnetism and the Heine model for the volume dependence of the electronic spectrum, an approach is being developed to study magneto-volume effects in chiral helical ferromagnets. Using Fe1-хCoxSi as an example, it was found that in the range of long-range order (at temperature Т<Tc) the magnetovolume effect is determined by the amplitude of helicoidal spin spirals and leads to the experimentally observed negative volume thermal expansion coefficient. In the region of phase transitions of the first order (from Тс to Тs) prolonged in temperature, a new mechanism of the magnetovolume effect is established due to the spatial fluctuations of spin spirals arising due to the difference in the Hubbard potentials of iron and cobalt. It is shown that the considered volume effects lead not only to the experimentally observed negative volume thermal expansion coefficient (VCTE) in the chiral spin short-range order phase, but also to a noticeable increase in the transition temperature to the paramagnetic state (Т>Ts).
Автоволновая модель упругопластического перехода в деформируемой среде
Authors: Зуев Л.Б. , Данилов В.И.
Published: June 2022

The conditions for the generation of autowaves of localized plasticity during the elastic-plastic transition in solids are considered. The similarity and difference between the deformation processes according to the Lüders and Portevin–Le Chatelier mechanisms are analyzed and an explanation of these regularities is proposed, based on the introduction of concepts of active deformable media capable of generating switching autowaves and excitation autowaves. The conditions for the formation of such autowaves and the quantitative characteristics of the processes responsible for the transition to plastic deformation are considered. The relationship between the autowave characteristics and the rate of stretching during mechanical tests has been elucidated.
Диагностика предела прочности на растяжение ATZ-керамики с различным содержанием SiO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- методом "бразильского теста"
Authors: Дмитриевский А.А. , Жигачева Д.Г. , Ефремова Н.Ю. , Овчинников П.Н. , Васюков В.М.
Published: June 2022

The possibility of using the "Brazilian test" method to determination the tensile strength σt of composite zirconia ceramics small-size samples were demonstrated and the reliability of the obtained σt values were confirmed. It was found that the dependence of the tensile strength of alumina toughened zirconia (stabilized by calcium oxide) with silica addition (CaO-ATZ+SiO2 ceramics) on SiO2 concentration in them has a maximum (σt = 450 MPa, at SiO2 = 5 mol.%). The observed toughened is explained by an increase in the transformability of the tetragonal t-ZrO2 phase and, accordingly, by an enhanced role of transformation toughening when SiO2 is adding into the ATZ ceramics.
Оценка размеров нанокристаллических элементов структуры полиэтилена методом дифференциальной сканирующей калориметрии
Authors: Егоров В.М. , Борисов А.К. , Марихин В.А. , Мясникова Л.П. , Гурьева С.А. , Иванькова Е.М.
Published: June 2022

A method is proposed for calculating the dimension distribution of nanocrystalline elements of the lamellar and fibrillar morphologies of a polymer. Calorimetric data were used to calculate the distribution of the longitudinal size of these elements in lamellae and microfibrils of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene. The calculation results are consistent with the data obtained by the X-ray method.
V. M. Egorov1, A. K. Borisov1, V. A. Marikhin1, L. P. Myasnikova1, S. A. Gureva1, E. M. Ivan’kova2
1 Ioffe Institute, 26 Polytechnicheskaya, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
2 Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, 31 Bolshoy pr., St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
Создание оптически адресуемых спиновых центров в гексагональном нитриде бора путем облучения протонами
Authors: Мурзаханов Ф.Ф. , Мумджи И.Э. , Мамин Г.В. , Юсупов Р.В. , Давыдов В.Ю. , Смирнов А.Н. , Музафарова М.В. , Нагалюк С.С. , Солтамов В.А.
Published: June 2022

The possibility of creating defects with spin-dependent fluorescence in a Van der Waals material, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), by irradiating the latter with high-energy protons (EP = 15 MeV) has been studied. Using micro-photoluminescence and electron paramagnetic resonance methods it was shown that such irradiation leads to the creation of boron vacancies in the negative charge state (V-B^- -centers). The ground spin triplet (S = 1) state of these defects demonstrates an optically induced inverse population.
Особенности комбинационного рассеяния света эпитаксиальными пленками сульфида и сульфида-селенида свинца
Authors: Федоров А.В. , Баранов А.В. , Зимин С.П.
Published: June 2022

Raman scattering spectra of 1-2 µm thick n-PbS(111) epitaxial films grown by molecular beam epitaxy on BaF2(111) substrates were obtained and analyzed. The spectra were recorded at a low excitation level of 0.36 mW/µm2, which did not cause photo- and thermal degradation of the films. It is shown that, in accordance with the symmetry selection rules, the bands in the spectra correspond to overtone or combination tones of phonon modes of PbS at special points of the Brillouin zone. The analysis of the bands of oxides and oxysulfates of lead, which can mask the bands of lead sulfide, was carried out. The obtained data were used in the analysis of the recorded Raman scattering spectra by epitaxial films of a ternary solid solution PbS0.5Se0.5.
Гомодинный квадратурный интерферометр перемещений. Эксперимент
Authors: Вишняков Г.Н. , Минаев В.Л. , Шумский Е.В.
Published: June 2022

In the previous work, the results of mathematical modeling of the optical scheme of a single-pass homodyne interferometer of displacements with the quadrature principle of phase registration are presented. The interferometer is built according to the Michelson scheme, and polarizing optical elements are used to obtain quadrature signals. The interferometer is supposed to be used as part of a new national standard of the kilogram based on watt balance method for precision measurements of the displacement and speed of the coil in the vertical direction.
In this paper, experimental studies of the operation of a model of a homodyne quadrature displacement interferometer are presented. In this work, instead of a polarization beam splitter, a conventional (non-polarization) beam splitter and two polarizers are used in the optical scheme of a homodyne interferometer in the registration units. This added additional degrees of freedom when aligning optical channels for recording interference channels and made it possible to achieve the required signal shift by 90° with an accuracy of 0.1°. As a result, a displacement measurement error of 02. nm was experimentally achieved.
Generalized expressions are obtained for quadrature signals for arbitrary azimuths of polarizers in three channels of recording interference signals. An assessment of the accuracy of displacement measurements using a quadrature homodyne interferometer was carried out and it was obtained that the expanded uncertainty of such measurements does not exceed 0.3 nm.
Пути уменьшения чувствительности узкополосных светофильтров к углу падения излучения
Authors: Губанова Л.А. , Зейгман Р.Е.
Published: June 2022

Рассмотрено влияние угла падения излучения на основные характеристики узкополосных интерференционных светофильтров. Показано, что наиболее чувствительными к увеличению угла падения являются фильтры, имеющие минимальную полуширину. Рассмотрен способ корректировки конструкции светофильтра, позволяющий уменьшить чувствительность светофильтра к углу падения излучения. Увеличение стабильности положения максимума пропускания в шкале длин волн достигается за счет введения в конструкцию светофильтра слоя из материала, который не используется при формировании зеркал, входящих в его состав. Увеличение показателя преломления разделительного слоя на 21% приводит к стабильности положения полосы пропускания на уровне 0.99λmax в шкале углов на 11%; а при увеличении показателя преломления на 10% стабильность положения увеличивается на 8% у узкополосных фильтров, состоящих из 31 слоя. Ключевые слова: узкополосные диэлектрические интерференционные светофильтры, угол падения излучения, полуширина, показатель преломления.
Исследование оптических и кооперативных параметров волокнистой кварцевой теплозащиты по экспериментальным данным о ее спектрах отражения
Authors: Черепанов В.В. , Миронов Р.А.
Published: June 2022

The paper presents the results of a study of a number of key optical characteristics of some highly porous thermal protection materials based on amorphous SiO2 fibers in the near and mid IR ranges. In the optical part of the statistical simulation model of such materials, based on the rigorous Mie theory, its application requires the introduction of cooperative corrections to the results of interaction with electromagnetic radiation of individual fragments. These corrections are introduced into the model in the form of an additional multiplier Cs of the scattering and absorption Mie efficiencies, which was usually used as a model tuning parameter when interpreting the experimental results of thermophysical studies. In this work, using the example of TZM-23M materials (Russia), made of a relatively thick (~ 9 μm) silica fiber PS-23 (Belarus), for the first time, data were obtained that make it possible to study the Cs parameter as a spectral quantity. The study is based on the results of experimental determination of the spectral hemispherical reflectivity of layers of material of two or more optical thicknesses in the wavelength range 0.83 - 16.65 μm. These data and Zege's asymptotic formulas were used to estimate the values of the absorption and scattering coefficients. The spectral parameter Cs is determined from the value of the scattering coefficient in the process of solving the inverse optical problem. The data obtained are compared with the results calculated on the basis of classical approximations of the optical constants. The results of this work can be useful for specialists in the field of radiation heat transfer and the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with complex partially transparent media with high spectral albedo scattering values.
Remote Delivery of Yoga Interventions Through Technology: Scoping Review
Authors: James-Palmer Aurora , Anderson Ellen Zambo , Daneault Jean-Francois
Published: June 2022

Background

The popularity of yoga and the understanding of its potential health benefits have recently increased. Unfortunately, not everyone can easily engage in in-person yoga classes. Over the past decade, the use of remotely delivered yoga has increased in real-world applications. However, the state of the related scientific literature is unclear.

Objective

This scoping review aimed to identify gaps in the literature related to the remote delivery of yoga interventions, including gaps related to the populations studied, the yoga intervention characteristics (delivery methods and intervention components implemented), the safety and feasibility of the interventions, and the preliminary efficacy of the interventions.

Methods

This scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. Scientific databases were searched throughout April 2021 for experimental studies involving yoga delivered through technology. Eligibility was assessed through abstract and title screening and a subsequent full-article review. The included articles were appraised for quality, and data were extracted from each article.

Results

A total of 12 studies of weak to moderate quality were included. Populations varied in physical and mental health status. Of the 12 studies, 10 (83%) implemented asynchronous delivery methods (via prerecorded material), 1 (8%) implemented synchronous delivery methods (through videoconferencing), and 1 (8%) did not clearly describe the delivery method. Yoga interventions were heterogeneous in style and prescribed dose but primarily included yoga intervention components of postures, breathing, and relaxation and meditation. Owing to the heterogeneous nature of the included studies, conclusive findings regarding the preliminary efficacy of the interventions could not be ascertained.

Conclusions

Several gaps in the literature were identified. Overall, this review showed that more attention needs to be paid to yoga intervention delivery methods while designing studies and developing interventions. Decisions regarding delivery methods should be justified and not made arbitrarily. Studies of high methodological rigor and robust reporting are needed.
Synchronous Teleconsultation and Monitoring Service Targeting COVID-19: Leveraging Insights for Postpandemic Health Care
Authors: Marcolino Milena Soriano , Diniz Clara Sousa , Chagas Bruno Azevedo , Mendes Mayara Santos , Prates Raquel , Pagano Adriana , Ferreira Thiago Castro , Alkmim Maria Beatriz Moreira , Oliveira Clara Rodrigues Alves , Borges Isabela Nascimento , Raposo Magda César , Reis Zilma Silveira Nogueira , Paixão Maria Cristina , Ribeiro Leonardo Bonisson , Rocha Gustavo Machado , Cardoso Clareci Silva , Ribeiro Antonio Luiz Pinho
Published: June 2022

Background

Although a great number of teleconsultation services have been developed during the COVID-19 pandemic, studies assessing usability and health care provider satisfaction are still incipient.

Objective

This study aimed to describe the development, implementation, and expansion of a synchronous teleconsultation service targeting patients with symptoms of COVID-19 in Brazil, as well as to assess its usability and health care professionals’ satisfaction.

Methods

This mixed methods study was developed in 5 phases: (1) the identification of components, technical and functional requirements, and system architecture; (2) system and user interface development and validation; (3) pilot-testing in the city of Divinópolis; (4) expansion in the cities of Divinópolis, Teófilo Otoni, and Belo Horizonte for Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais faculty and students; and (5) usability and satisfaction assessment, using Likert-scale and open-ended questions.

Results

During pilot development, problems contacting users were solved by introducing standardized SMS text messages, which were sent to users to obtain their feedback and keep track of them. Until April 2022, the expanded system served 31,966 patients in 146,158 teleconsultations. Teleconsultations were initiated through chatbot in 27.7% (40,486/146,158) of cases. Teleconsultation efficiency per city was 93.7% (13,317/14,212) in Teófilo Otoni, 92.4% (11,747/12,713) in Divinópolis, and 98.8% (4981/5041) in Belo Horizonte (university campus), thus avoiding in-person assistance for a great majority of patients. In total, 50 (83%) out of 60 health care professionals assessed the system’s usability as satisfactory, despite a few system instability problems.

Conclusions

The system provided updated information about COVID-19 and enabled remote care for thousands of patients, which evidenced the critical role of telemedicine in expanding emergency services capacity during the pandemic. The dynamic nature of the current pandemic required fast planning, implementation, development, and updates in the system. Usability and satisfaction assessment was key to identifying areas for improvement. The experience reported here is expected to inform telemedicine strategies to be implemented in a postpandemic scenario.
Examining Twitter Discourse on Dementia during Alzheimer’s Awareness Month in Canada: Infodemiology Study (Preprint)
Authors: Bacsu Juanita-Dawne , Cammer Allison , Ahmadi Soheila , Azizi Mehrnoosh , Grewal Karl S. , Green Shoshana , Gowda-Sookochoff Rory , Berger Corinne , Knight Sheida , Spiteri Raymond J. , O'Connell Megan E.
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

Twitter has become a primary platform for public health campaigns, ranging from mental health awareness week to diabetes awareness month. However, there is a paucity of knowledge about how Twitter is being used during health campaigns, especially for Alzheimer’s Awareness

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of our study was to examine dementia discourse during Canada’s Alzheimer’s Awareness Month in January to inform future awareness campaigns.

METHODS

We collected 1,289 relevant tweets using the Twint application in Python from January 1 to January 31, 2022. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.

RESULTS

Guided by our analysis, four primary themes were identified: dementia education and advocacy; fundraising and promotion; experiences of dementia; and opportunities for future actions.

CONCLUSIONS

Although our study identified many educational, promotional, and fundraising tweets to support dementia awareness, we also found numerous tweets with cursory messaging (i.e., simply referencing January as Alzheimer’s Awareness Month in Canada). While these tweets promoted general awareness, they also highlight an opportunity for targeted educational content to correct stigmatizing language (e.g., suffering and enduring) and stereotypes (e.g., depressed and wandering) against people living with dementia. In addition, awareness strategies partnering with diverse stakeholders (such as celebrities, social media influencers, and people living with dementia and their care partners) may play a pivotal role in fostering dementia dialogue and education. Further research is needed to develop, implement, and evaluate dementia awareness strategies on Twitter. Increased knowledge, partnerships, and research are essential to enhancing dementia awareness during Canada’s Alzheimer’s Awareness Month and beyond.

CLINICALTRIAL

Not applicable.
Perceptions of a secure cloud-based solution for data sharing during acute stroke care: qualitative interview study (Preprint)
Authors: Tuler de Oliveira Marcela , Amorim Reis Lúcio Henrik , Marquering Henk , Zwinderman Aeilko Having , Delgado Olabarriaga Sílvia
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

Acute stroke care demands fast procedures carried out through the collaboration of multiple professionals across multiple organisations. Cloud computing and the wide adoption of electronic medical records (EMR) enable healthcare systems to improve data availability and facilitate sharing among professionals. However, designing a secure and privacy-preserving EMR cloud-based application is challenging because it must dynamically control the access to the patients' EMR according to the needs for data during treatment.

OBJECTIVE

We developed a prototype of a secure EMR cloud-based application. The application explores security features offered by the eHealth Cloud-based framework created by the ASCLEPIOS Horizon2020 project. This research aimed to collect impressions, challenges and improvements for the prototype when applied to the use case of secure data sharing among acute care teams during emergency treatment in the Netherlands.

METHODS

We performed eleven semi-structured interviews with medical professionals with four prominent roles in acute care. We used in-depth interviews to capture their perspectives on the application's design and functions, the implemented design, and its use in a simulated acute care event. We employed thematic analysis of interview transcripts. The recruitment of participants ended when the collected data reached thematic saturation.

RESULTS

The participants' perceptions and feedback are presented as five themes identified from the interviews: (T1) current challenges, (T2) quality of the shared EMR data, (T3) EMR data integrity and auditability, (T4) application usefulness and functionality, and (T5) trust and acceptance of the technology. The results reinforced the current challenges for patient data sharing during acute stroke care. Moreover, we expressed the challenges of adopting the ASCLEPIOS acute stroke care application in a real scenario, from the user point of view, and suggestions for improving the proposed technology's acceptability.

CONCLUSIONS

This study has endorsed a system that supports data sharing among acute care professionals with efficiency but without compromising the security and privacy of the patient.
A Classification of Regimes—Foam Theory to Praxis
Authors: Lane Jan-Erik
Published: June 2022

Behind a political regime there is political theory. In the world today—the real world and not merely a possible world—we have some 200 states, but only a handful of regime types. The essence of these few types is to be found in their political theories. We ask what the regime meaning is with key theoreticians.
Literature on ‘Literary Mode’: Tracing Generic Markers in Oedipus Rex, Othello and Duchess of Malfi
Authors: U.I Gopika Nair
Published: June 2022

“Literature is a matter of intentionality; the mode of appropriation by our consciousness. A text has only literary potential, which must be activated by the reader for literature to happen” (Barthes). In his essay, From Work to Text, Barthes argues that the relation between the writer, reader and observer is changed by movement from work to text. A work assumes the quality of text on performing the event of reading. Extra conceptual resources of language is the primary feature on the basis of which a literary work can be identified. Literature works on the basic principle of extra conceptuality. It is the system by which a word can get multiple interpretations, in contrast to the concept of conceptuality, whereby a specific word is attributed to an abstract concept by means of shared convention.
Anticancer Activity of L-asparaginase Produced from Amycolatopsis japonica
Authors: O. Salami Mojisola , A. Onilude Abiodun , Choudhary Iqbal , Mahajan Rukesh , A. Adekanmi Abideen
Published: June 2022

The ability of L-asparaginase to inhibit the formation of cancer cells has aroused scientists' curiosity in biological realms. In cancer cells, L-asparaginase suppresses protein synthesis by hydrolyzing L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid and ammonia. As a result, it's a crucial therapeutic enzyme in the treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in combination with other drugs (ALL). This enzyme has recently been discovered to be useful in a number of scientific fields, including clinical research, pharmacology, and the food business. Purification, characterization, and assessment of the cytotoxic effect of Amycolatopsis japonica L-asparaginase were the goals of this study. Amycolatopsis japonica was isolated from the plant rhizosphere and L-asparaginase was recovered. With a molecular weight of 37.5 KDa, partially purified L-asparaginase from A. japonica had a total activity of 1968.98 U with 26.696 mg total protein and a specific activity of 73.75 U/mg, 6.42 purification fold, and 42.86 percent recovery yield. In the presence of EDTA, Mg2+, pH8, 45oC, and 0.13 mM L-asparagine, L-asparaginase from A. japonica demonstrated good activity and stability, with Km and Vmax values of 0.13 mM L-asparagine and 0.43U/ mL, respectively. The cytotoxicity of L- asparaginase from A.japonica against a colon cancer cell line was high; with an IC50 value of 36 L. Amycolatopsis japonica could be a source of L-asparaginase, which could be a new target for cancer cells.