bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minerals Composition and Characterization of the Hatchery Eggshell Waste Treated with Different Preparation Methods
Authors: Setiyawan Ahmad Iskandar , Pratiwi Diah , Karimy Mohammad Faiz , Fauziah Safna
Published: December 2021

The preparation process needs to be carried out in the treatment of hatchery waste. The objective of the study was to determine the mineral content and characterization of the eggshell waste after preparation. An experiment was arranged on a completely randomized design (CRD). Preparation treatment consisted of; T1: shell waste watered with distilled water; T2: shell waste soaked in distilled water for 12 h; T3: shell waste soaked in 0.5% NaOH for 720 min; and T4: shell waste boiled at 80°C for 15 min and soaked in 5% H3PO4 for 15 min. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and if any differences, a Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) post hoc tests were carried out. Composition of proximate and mineral were detected by using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). Results indicated that proximate analysis of the dry matter content were T4: 98.98±0.01; T3: 98.58±0.04; T2: 98.75±0.08; and T1: 98.72±0.03. The calcium content of the treatment from the highest was T3: 24.22±0.31; T1: 22.80±0.57; T2: 22.77±0.71; and T4: 21.55±0.46. It may be inferred that the treatment technique had no major impact on the eggshells physical characteristics. However, boiling treatment at 80°C for 15 min and soaking in 5% H3PO4 reduced the eggshell waste's Mg, Si, and Ca content. The addition of 0.5% NaOH immersion did not degrade Mg, Ca, and Si of eggshell waste.
O raspravnoj sposobnosti u forenzičnoj psihijatriji
Authors: Periša Ante , Arbanas Goran
Published: December 2021

Raspravna je sposobnost pravni konstrukt koji podrazumijeva da okrivljenik shvaća svoj položaj u sudskom postupku, razumije procesne radnje i njihove posljedice, kao i da ima očuvane kapacitete za sporazumijevanje s braniteljem. Ukoliko ti kriteriji nisu zadovoljeni, okrivljenik se potencijalno nalazi u položaju koji je diskriminirajući. Radi zaštite jednog od temeljnih ljudskih prava – prava na pošteno suđenje, raspravna nesposobnost u današnjoj sudskoj praksi podrazumijeva odgodu sudske rasprave do oporavka raspravne sposobnosti. Po nalogu suda, sudski vještak psihijatrijske struke postaje osoba zadužena za pregled okrivljenika i procjenu njegovog trenutnog duševnog stanja. Budući da dobar forenzičar treba poznavati relevantne pravne dokumente i primjere iz sudske prakse, dan je kratki prikaz pravnih aspekata raspravne sposobnosti. Isto tako, budući da prisutnost duševne bolesti ne podrazumijeva odmah i raspravnu nesposobnost, dani su i psihijatrijski aspekti s naglaskom na česte psihopatološke fenomene s prediktivnom vrijednošću u proglašenju okrivljenika raspravno nesposobnim.
Novel Interactive Tool for Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risk Assessment (Bright Pink Assess Your Risk): Development and Usability Study
Authors: Hibler Elizabeth A , Fought Angela J , Kershaw Kiarri N , Molsberry Rebecca , Nowakowski Virginia , Lindner Deborah
Published: December 2021

Background

The lifetime risk of breast and ovarian cancer is significantly higher among women with genetic susceptibility or a strong family history. However, current risk assessment tools and clinical practices may identify only 10% of asymptomatic carriers of susceptibility genes. Bright Pink developed the Assess Your Risk (AYR) tool to estimate breast and ovarian cancer risk through a user-friendly, informative web-based quiz for risk assessment at the population level.

Objective

This study aims to present the AYR tool, describe AYR users, and present evidence that AYR works as expected by comparing classification using the AYR tool with gold standard genetic testing guidelines.

Methods

The AYR is a recently developed population-level risk assessment tool that includes 26 questions based on the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines and factors from other commonly used risk assessment tools. We included all women who completed the AYR between November 2018 and January 2019, with the exception of self-reported cancer or no knowledge of family history. We compared AYR classifications with those that were independently created using NCCN criteria using measures of validity and the McNemar test.

Results

There were 143,657 AYR completions, and most participants were either at increased or average risk for breast cancer or ovarian cancer (137,315/143,657, 95.59%). Using our estimates of increased and average risk as the gold standard, based on the NCCN guidelines, we estimated the sensitivity and specificity for the AYR algorithm–generated risk categories as 100% and 89.9%, respectively (P<.001). The specificity improved when we considered the additional questions asked by the AYR to define increased risk, which were not examined by the NCCN criteria. By race, ethnicity, and age group; we found that the lowest observed specificity was for the Asian race (85.9%) and the 30 to 39 years age group (87.6%) for the AYR-generated categories compared with the NCCN criteria.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate that Bright Pink’s AYR is an accurate tool for use by the general population to identify women at increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. We plan to validate the tool longitudinally in future studies, including the impact of race, ethnicity, and age on breast and ovarian cancer risk assessment.
The effectiveness of serious games in improving memory among elderly people with cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Abd-alrazaq Alaa , Alhuwail Dari , Al-Jafar Eiman , Ahmed Arfan , Reagu Shuja Mohd , Househ Mowafa
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Memory, one of the main cognitive functions, is known to decline by age. Serious games have been used for improving memory among the elderly. The effectiveness of serious games in improving memory has been investigated by several systematic reviews; however, they are limited by design and methodological weaknesses.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of serious games in improving memory among the elderly with cognitive impairment.

METHODS

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was carried out. The search sources included searching 8 databases, screening reference lists of the included studies and relevant reviews, and checking studies that cited the included studies. Two reviewers independently carried out the study selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and quality of evidence appraisal. Extracted data were synthesized using a narrative approach and a statistical approach (i.e., meta-analysis), as appropriate.

RESULTS

Out of 466 citations retrieved, 18 studies met the eligibility criteria of this review. Of those, 15 RCTs were eventually included in 10 meta-analyses. We found that serious games are more effective than no or passive interventions in improving non-verbal memory (P=0.002) and working memory (P=0.02), but not verbal memory (P=0.13). The review also showed that serious games are more effective than conventional exercises in improving verbal memory (P=0.004), but not for non-verbal memory (P=0.12) and working memory (P=0.49). Serious games were as effective as conventional cognitive activities in improving verbal memory (P=0.07), non-verbal memory (P=0.94), and working memory (P=0.08) among the elderly with cognitive impairment. Lastly, the effect of adaptive serious games on working memory was comparable to non-adaptive serious games (P=0.08).

CONCLUSIONS

Serious games have the potential to improve verbal, non-verbal, and working memory among elderly people with cognitive impairment. However, our findings should be interpreted cautiously given that most meta-analyses were based on a few studies (≤3) and judged to have a low quality of evidence. Therefore, serious games should be offered as supplemental to existing proven and safe interventions, rather than a complete substitute until further, more robust evidence is available. Future studies should investigate the short and long-term effects of serious games on memory and other cognitive abilities among people from different age groups with or without cognitive impairment.
Technology-Delivered Adaptations of Motivational Interviewing (TAMI) Interventions for the Prevention and Management of Chronic Disease: Narrative Review (Preprint)
Authors: Pedamallu Havisha , Ehrhardt Matthew J. , Maki Julia , Carcone April Idalski , Hudson Melissa M. , Waters Erika A.
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Motivational interviewing is an effective strategy to mitigate chronic disease risk through promotion of health behavior changes. However, multiple barriers impede its delivery to and uptake by patients. mHealth-based versions of motivational interviewing interventions, or technology-delivered adaptations of motivational interviewing (TAMIs), might increase reach, but their effectiveness is less well-understood.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this narrative review was to characterize the extent to which TAMIs: (1) affect behavioral outcomes, (2) have included individuals from populations that have been marginalized, and (3) have addressed socio-contextual influences on health.

METHODS

We identified studies indexed in PubMed that described interventions incorporating motivational interviewing techniques into a mobile or electronic health platform. Data were abstracted from eligible studies, including target population characteristics, study design and eligibility criteria, theoretical/conceptual models utilized, mHealth tool details, and effects on behavioral outcomes.

RESULTS

Thirty-three studies reported the use of TAMIs. Sample sizes ranged from 10 to 2,069 participants ages 13 to 70 years. Most studies (n=24) directed interventions towards individuals engaging in behaviors that increased the risk of chronic disease. Most studies oversampled (n=18) individuals from marginalized socio-demographic groups, but few were designed specifically with marginalized groups in mind (n=3). TAMIs utilized text messaging (n=7), web-based (n=19), app + text messaging (n=1), and web-based + text messaging (n=3) delivery platforms. Twenty-seven (90%) included randomized controlled trials reporting behavioral and health-related outcomes, 21 of which reported statistically significant improvements in targeted behaviors with the use of TAMIs. TAMIs improved targeted health behaviors in the remaining 3 studies. Nine of 30 (30%) assessed TAMI feasibility, acceptability, and/or satisfaction, all of which rated TAMIs highly in this regard. Among 18 studies comprised of a disproportionately high number of racial or ethnic minorities, 15 (83%) reported increased engagement in health behaviors and/or better health outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

TAMIs can improve health promotion and disease management behaviors for people from a variety of socio-demographic backgrounds. Future studies are needed to determine the contribution of TAMIs on individual health outcomes, and to determine best practices for implementing TAMIs into clinical practice.
E-cigarettes use behaviors among heavy users in Japan: An online survey (Preprint)
Authors: Koyama Shihoko , Tabuchi Takahiro , Miyashiro Isao
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has become increasingly widespread throughout the world, including Japan. However, little is known about how e-cigarettes are used in Japan, a country with heavy restrictions on nicotine-containing e-liquids, vaping products.

OBJECTIVE

This study comprehensively examined e-cigarette use, including e-cigarette use duration, frequency of use, device type, electrical resistance, nicotine use, favorite e-liquid flavors and concurrent use with cigarettes and/or HTPs in Japan.

METHODS

This study examined the detail of e-cigarette use (e-cigarette use duration, frequency of use, device type, electrical resistance, nicotine use, favorite e-liquid flavors) among users in Japan, through an online survey using a web-based self-reported questionnaire which included questions about sex, age, combustible cigarette and heated tobacco product (HTP) use behaviors.

RESULTS

Of 4,689 e-cigarettes users analyzed, 93.5% were men and 52.9% had been using e-cigarettes for 1-3 years. Over 80% used e-cigarettes every day; 62.4% used nicotine liquid, and half of the nicotine liquid users used nicotine salt. The most popular liquid flavor was fruit (prevalence: 68.1%), followed by tobacco (prevalence: 48.4%). While 9.0% were e-cigarette single users, 35.2% were dual users (e-cigarettes and cigarettes or HTPs) and 13.8% were triple user (e-cigarettes, cigarettes and HTPs).

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first comprehensive survey of Japanese e-cigarette users and our finding suggest more than half use nicotine liquid, although e-cigarettes containing nicotine liquid have been prohibited by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act since 2010 in Japan. The study also showed 49.1% of participants used cigarettes and/or HTPs concurrently (dual or triple users).
Psikologi Amanah: Konsep, Pengukuran, dan Tantangan
Authors: Agung Ivan Muhammad
Published: December 2021

Amanah merupakan salah satu konsep penting dalam kepribadian Islam. Konsep amanah telah banyak diskusikan dalam perspektif Islam, Namun belum banyak penelitian amanah dalam perspektif psikologi. Artikel ini mencoba mereview dan mendiskusikan konsep amanah dalam perspektif psikologi, yang terdiri dari bagian, Pertama, apa itu amanah? Kedua, hubungan amanah, psikologi dan Islam. Ketiga pengukuran amanah. Keempat, pentingnya amanah bagi individu, masyarakat, dan organisasi. Terakhir, peluang dan tantangan penelitian amanah. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa konstrak amanah bersifat kompleks dan multidimensi, karena melibatkan hubungan interpersonal (horizontal), dan hubungan dengan Allah (vertikal). Oleh karena itu, perlu dieksplorasi dari perspektif psikologi melalui penelitian-penelitian empiris. Beberapa studi menunjukkan bahwa penelitian amanah memiliki beragam teori, sehingga berimplikasi pada perbedaan pengukuran amanah. Sementara itu, peluang dan tantangan dalam penelitian amanah akan diskusikan dalam artikel ini dalam konteks teoritis, metodologis, dan praktis.
Vitamins E and C attenuates liver injury induced by copper nanoparticle in Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors:   Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University,, SHOTOP YAHYA M. , AL-SUWITI IBRAHIM N. ,   Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451 (Saudi Arabia)
Published: December 2021

Nanoparticles are widely used in many different fields, and production. However, the ingestion of nanoparticles from environmental pollution may have significant health impacts, which are currently poorly understood. In this study we aimed to investigate the cellular toxicity of copper nanoparticles on liver tissue of Rat, and also investigate the role of vitamin E and C, separately or together, in reducing the cellular damage that may be caused by copper nanoparticles. In this study 56 (5–6) weeks old rats with a weight of 120 ± 10 grams were divided into seven groups, treated with copper nanoparticles for four weeks, then treated with vitamins, either alone or together, for another four weeks where is control. Rats were treated with copper nanoparticles showed changes in the ultrastructure of the liver tissue, in which there was a clear decrease in the number of cellular organelles in hepatocytes. Which show small in their size, and had irregular nuclear envelopes, swelling of the mitochondria, shortening of their cristae and effects on their matrix, an increase in the size of lysosomes, an increase in the number of lipid droplets, and an expansion of the Disse spaces. The treatment with vitamins C or E or both, marked improvement was found in the size and number of organelles. The cells returned to almost their normal state. We concluded that vitamins C and E have a positive role in reducing the toxic effects of copper nanoparticles. We recommended their use in doses of 250 mg/kg/day.
Conflict Management, a New Challenge in Workplace Case Study Hospital in North Lebanon
Authors: Roumieh Mariam Haitham , Basbous Dr. Elie
Published: December 2021

Nevertheless, whether managing organizational conflicts improves or degrades employee performance is a point of contention. The purpose of this study was to see how managing organizational conflict approaches, such as negotiation, mediation, cooperation, and denial, affected performance of employees in a private hospital in Lebanon. Human capital, human relations, and contingency theories were used in the research. On a daily basis, every organization faces conflicts. Conflicts are inevitable but they can be managed and detected early. It is vital to keep track of the organizational signals that indicate their presence on a constant basis. There are many ways to manage conflicts, relying on the reasons of conflicts, this study concentrates on communications role in managing conflict because it is considered to be a key element in solving conflicts. Conflicts are regional in the whole society. The research followed a positivist quantitative methodology, which is “a methodological process” that aims to record the results and generalize conclusions from different studies employing statistical means. The research embraced the research of descriptive design. The employees of this research were chosen from hospitals in Lebanon. Stratified and random sampling technique procedures were used to choose an 80-person sample.
Modeling the Operating Modes of a Photovoltaic System
Authors: Abdali L.M. , Mohammed H.J. , Yakimovich B.A. , Kuvshinov V.V. , Korovkin N.V. , Bordan D.F.
Published: December 2021

During the operation of photovoltaic installations, the inconstancy of the energy characteristics of the flow of incident solar radiation adversely affects the generation of electrical energy. Consumers are highly dependent on climatic factors and solar insolation. For more efficient operation of generating solar installations, it is necessary to conduct detailed studies of the characteristics of the auxiliary and control equipment of the photovoltaic system. When using mathematical programs to simulate the operating modes of solar power generating systems, it is possible to significantly improve the operating parameters of control units and auxiliary systems and increase the generation of electrical energy. The paper presents an improved electrical diagram of a photovoltaic generating system, its control elements, and the efficiency of energy generation is increased. It also describes a method for modeling the operating modes of photovoltaic (PV) modules, implemented in the Matlab/Simulink program. In the work, it was necessary to define a circuit simulation model for the solar array to ensure interaction with the power converter. The characteristics of the solar cells, which are influenced by irradiation and temperature, are modeled by a circuit model. A simplified equivalent circuit for a diode equivalent PV system is used as a model. The simulation results are compared with different types of PV module data. As a result of the work, it was shown that the created simulation blocks in the Matlab/Simulin system well simulate the operation of solar panels, while they are compatible with different types of photovoltaic modules and are convenient in providing various operating modes. In the study of real operating modes of the proposed generating system, the possibility of increasing the generation of electrical energy was shown. When using the proposed circuit solutions for the operation of solar installations, it is possible to significantly increase their efficiency, extend the trouble-free operation, and increase the service life of the equipment. The conducted research contributes to a better use of blocks of photovoltaic systems used to provide electrical energy to industrial, municipal and individual consumers. The circuit solutions proposed in the work are possible for use both at large solar power plants operating in parallel with the general energy system, and at small photovoltaic installations used to provide individual consumers.
Replacement in a Plane Geared Linkage of High Kinematic Pairs with Lower Pairs
Authors: Krylov E.G. , Valiev R.F.
Published: December 2021

The analysis of constraints in plane mechanisms is an urgent problem in the theory of machines and mechanisms. Although kinematic pairs’ classification has been known for a long time, the issue of the conjugation of links, being at the heart of the analysis and synthesis of mechanisms and machines, is of considerable theoretical and practical interest and continues to attract scientists. One of the tasks that are solved in the process of analysis and synthesis of the structures of mechanisms is the re-placement of higher kinematic pairs by lower ones. As a rule, such a replacement is made to identify kinematic chains of zero mobility, Assur's structural groups, in a mechanism. The replacement may also aim at obtaining the necessary kinematic relations. That is because specific computational difficulties hamper the kinematic analysis of chains with higher kinematic pairs due to the relative sliding and shape irregularity of mating surfaces. Yet, the use of replacements to obtain kinematic and transmission functions is difficult due to nonisomorphism of the equivalent mechanism. Simultaneously, for mixed-type mechanisms, which include geared linkages, the equivalent replacement will allow unifying the kinematic analysis methods. The paper suggests the technology of replacing higher kinematic pairs with links with lower pairs as applied to a plane geared linkage. The technology is based on the properties of the involute of a circumference. The paper proved the structural and kinematic equivalence of such a replacement. The isomorphism of the equivalent linkage will enhance the kinematic analysis, make it possible using kinematic functions, and applying methods based on the instantaneous relative rotations of links, in particular, the Aronhold-Kennedy theorem. Another application of the replacement method presented in the paper will be the expansion of opportunities for identifying idle constraints in the mechanism.
Review on Non-Communicable Diseases in India and their Respective Diagnostic Platforms
Authors: Chandranand PS
Published: December 2021

Abstract: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) increasing the burden in India. NCDs are viewed as pandemic because of the expanding pace of mortality and morbidity. Urbanization in India prompts undesirable ways of lifestyle, physical inactivity, biological, behavioral risk factors, and migration of the country metropolitan populace in India, the thought of different NCDs and their danger factors shows wide varieties across the populace. It’s believed the health care system can curb the situation by managing preventive measures that allow controlling the threat. Keywords: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), mortality, morbidity.
DIAGÉNESIS ÓSEA EN EL BOSQUE CADUCIFOLIO DE PATAGONIA MERIDIONAL AL ESTE DE LOS ANDES: MODELO TEÓRICO Y EVIDENCIA EMPÍRICA
Authors: Morales Natalia S.
Published: December 2021

En Patagonia meridional, el conocimiento acerca del modo de ocupación humana del bosque caducifolio de Nothofagus depende de una correcta apreciación del contenido y distribución de la evidencia material. En el caso de los restos óseos, existe incertidumbre acerca de los potenciales sesgos de preservación de los conjuntos enterrados en diferentes sectores del bosque. El objetivo de este trabajo es, por un lado, formular un modelo de diagénesis ósea basado en las propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas de los suelos y, por el otro, evaluar sus implicancias con evidencia procedente del sitio a cielo abierto Cancha Carrera 1 (CC1) (Holoceno tardío, SO de la provincia de Santa Cruz, República Argentina). El modelo prevé un decrecimiento en el grado de preservación ósea en sentido este-oeste y en relación con la altitud, con un bajo potencial en suelos de los órdenes Espodosoles e Inceptisoles, intemedio en Andisoles y más alto en Entisoles y Molisoles. Los resultados del estudio macroscópico y microscópico de los huesos de guanaco (Lama guanicoe) recuperados en un probable molisol en CC1 se ajustan a tales expectativas, indicando que los principales factores de alteración lo constituyen la disolución mineral, la actividad bacteriana y, sobre todo, la acción de raíces.
Par likumību un taisnīgumu
Authors: Vīķe-Freiberga Vaira
Published: December 2021

Latvijas likumdevēji diemžēl noveduši pie Latvijas iekļaušanas to sešu ES valstu sarakstā, kam ES instances izteikušas pieklājīgu mudinājumu censties beidzot ratificēt Stambulas konvenciju
Betydningen af etik og etisk ansvarlighed i lederskab og styring
Authors: Melander Preben
Published: December 2021

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Corporate law and governance: A case of Tunisia after the Arab Spring
Authors: Ben Rejeb Wajdi
Published: December 2021

This paper reviews the corporate governance practices of listed Tunisian companies. Besides that, the paper explores the evolution of corporate governance legislation between 2013 and 2017 in order to identify the changes caused by the revolution to accompany the current context’s needs and the democratic transition in Tunisia. Although the most of companies in Tunisia are dominated by family small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and very small enterprises (VSEs) we have chosen to focus on listed companies. These companies present more advanced practices of corporate governance given the legislation in force. Results of this paper shed light on several important features of the Tunisian corporate governance system, for example, interlocking directorates. It is interesting to notice that a limited number of directors control the majority of the market capitalization in Tunisia. The practice of interlocking directorates reflects the Tunisian way of economic lobbying. As for gender diversity, although there are no laws imposing a minimum quota of women directors, the proportion of female board members has slightly increased during the last years, moving from 7.87% in 2013 to 9.92% in 2017. In contrast to Arab and African countries, it should be noted that the majority of women directors sit on boards as members of the family controlling the company or because they are civil servants representing the state’s interests in state-owned enterprises
A systematic literature review on the implementation of internal audit in European and non-European public hospitals
Authors: Rodakos Andreas Irodis , Koutoupis Andreas G. , Thysiadou Anna , Kampouris Christos
Published: December 2021

This paper aims to investigate the internal audit implementation in European and non-European public hospitals or public bodies. Researchers conducted a systematic literature review based on various fields and countries (European and non-European). Our results revealed differences between countries regarding the role and effectiveness of internal audit of public hospitals in each country. European countries need to address different challenges concerning internal audit in comparison to non-European countries. For instance, European public hospitals need to implement internal audit to develop their risk management practices. In contrast, the public hospitals of non-European countries need to address challenges and issues related to the high corruption rate, the lack of transparency and accountability, and the lack of competent staff. Upon completion, this systematic literature review provided some evidence for further research on the matter under investigation. While recognizing the limitations of our analysis, we believe we have significantly contributed to the evolution of the international and Greek literature concerning the implementation of internal audit in European and non-European countries.
Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection among COVID-19 Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Healthcare Personnel, First Responders, and other Essential and Frontline Workers--- Eight U.S. Locations, January--September 2021
Authors: Naleway Allison , Grant Lauren , Caban-Martinez Alberto , Wesley Meredith , Burgess Jefferey , Groover Kimberly , Gaglani Manjusha , Yoon Sarang , Tyner Harmony , Meece Jennifer , Kuntz Jennifer , Yoo Young , Schaefer-Solle Natasha , Olsho Lauren , Gerald Joe , Rose Spencer , Thiese Matthew , Lundgren Jessica , Groom Holly , Mak Josephine , Feliciano Paola , Edwards Laura , Lutrick Karen , Dunnigan Kayan , Phillips Andrew , Odean Marilyn , Ellingson Katherine , Respet Karley , Thompson Mark , Fowlkes Ashley
Published: December 2021

Background. We sought to evaluate the impact of changes in estimates of
COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness on the incidence of laboratory-confirmed
infection among frontline workers at high risk for SARS-CoV-2. Methods.
We analyzed data from a prospective frontline worker cohort to estimate
the incidence of COVID-19 by month as well as the association of
COVID-19 vaccination, occupation, demographics, physical distancing and
mask use with infection risk. Participants completed baseline and
quarterly surveys, and each week self-collected mid-turbinate nasal
swabs and reported symptoms. Results. Among 1,018 unvaccinated and 3,531
fully vaccinated workers, the monthly incidence of laboratory-confirmed
SARS-CoV-2 infection in January 2021 was 13.9 (95% confidence interval
[CI]: 10.4-17.4), declining to 0.5 (95% CI -0.4-1.4) per 1000
person-weeks in June. By September 2021, when the Delta variant
predominated, incidence had once again risen to 13.6 (95% CI 7.8-19.4)
per 1000 person-weeks. In contrast, there was no reportable incidence
among fully vaccinated participants at the end of January 2021, and
incidence remained low until September 2021 when it rose modestly to 4.1
(95% CI 1.9-3.8) per 1000. Below average facemask use was associated
with a higher risk of infection for unvaccinated participants during
exposure to persons who may have COVID-19, and vaccinated participants
during hours in the community. Conclusions. COVID-19 vaccination was
significantly associated with a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection
despite Delta variant predominance. Our data demonstrate the added
protective benefit of facemask use among both unvaccinated and
vaccinated frontline workers.
A Comparison Between Cypriot Turkish and Turkish Speakers' Spoken Representation
Authors: Akıntuğ Nesibe
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti’nde üniversite okuyan, Kıbrıs Türkçesi ve Türkiye Türkçesi doğal konuşucularının sözlü dil kullanımlarından elde edilen veri kullanılmıştır. Veride, her iki kümede yer alan konuşucuların intraterminal ve intraterminal olmayan eylem görünüşünü işaretleme biçimleri incelenmiştir. Katılımcılara intraterminal ve intraterminal olmayan eylem görünüşlerini yansıtan iki resim gösterilerek resimlerdeki eylemleri sözlü olarak ifade etmeleri istenmiştir.
Elde edilen sonuçlar, Kıbrıs Türkçesi ve Türkiye Türkçesi doğal konuşucularının intraterminal ve intraterminal olmayan eylem görünüşlerini işaretlemek için farklı biçimbirimler kullandıklarını ortaya koymaktadır. Kıbrıs Türkçesi doğal konuşucuları intraterminal eylem görünüşünü işaretlemek için –Ir biçimbirimini; intraterminal olmayan eylem görünüşünü işaretlemek için ise –DI biçimbirimini kullanmışlardır. Diğer yandan Türkiye Türkçesi doğal konuşucuları intraterminal eylem görünüşünü işaretlemek için–Iyor biçimbirini; intraterminal olmayan eylem görünüşünü işaretlemek için ise –DI ve –mIş biçimbirimlerini kullanmışlardır.
Mutfakta Türkçe Terimler ve Teknikler
Authors: Güldemir Osman
Published: December 2021

Türk mutfağı geniş bir coğrafyadan ve uzun tarihsel birikimden beslenen, kadim mutfaklar arasında yer almaktadır. Türk mutfağının doğru icrası, muhafazası ve sürdürülebilirliği oldukça önemlidir. Türk mutfağının kültürel sürdürülebilirliğine hizmet etmek üzere, bu araştırma kapsamında mutfağa ilişkin Türkçe terim ve tekniklerin çeşitli kaynaklardan ve uzmanlardan derlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden anekdot durum çalışması modeli ile mülakat tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma ile hem yeme-içme eğitiminin çeşitli düzeylerinde ders materyallerinde hem de yeme-içme sektöründe kullanılabilir Türkçe terim ve teknikler öz bir şekilde ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Geleneğin yeniden inşası ve kültürün sağlıklı aktarımı hususunda araştırmayla ortaya konulan âheste, bastı, çıtır, döğme, gevrek, kalye, herle, irinti, küncü, piyaz ve söğüş gibi terimler ile ağartmak, börttürmek, çılbır, dövmek, gömme, kavurmak, kefini almak, ovmak ve tıklatmak gibi tekniklerin katkısı olacaktır. Bulgular, yeme-içme alanında eğitim veren kurum ve kuruluşlar ile işletmelerde kullanılabilir standart tarifler geliştirmede, teknik kitap ve uygulama setleri hazırlamada, ayrıca meslek standartları geliştirme hususunda değerlendirilebilir. İleri araştırmalarda görsellerle içerik detaylandırılabilir.
Green Bonds, Air Quality, and Mortality: Evidence from the People’s Republic of China
Authors:   Fudan University, Luo Yan , Tian Shu ,   Asian Development Bank, Yang Hao ,   Fudan University
Published: December 2021

This study uses city-level data from the People’s Republic of China to examine links between green bond market development and air quality as well as mortality rates. It finds that cities with more green bond financing as a share of total bond financing tend to have better air quality. The effect is stronger when certified green bonds are examined and in cities with higher gross domestic product growth. Further, local green bond issuance is also negatively related to mortality rates. The findings support the argument that green bond issuance is a credible signal of corporates’ commitment to be environmentally responsible.
Adipose Tissue Inflammation Is Not Related to Adipose Insulin Resistance in Humans
Authors: Espinosa De Ycaza Ana Elena , Søndergaard Esben , Morgan-Bathke Maria , Lytle Kelli , Delivanis Danae A. , Ramos Paola , Carranza Leon Barbara Gisella , Jensen Michael D.
Published: December 2021

The role of adipose tissue (AT) inflammation in AT function in humans is unclear. We tested whether AT macrophage (ATM) content, cytokine gene expression, and senescent cell burden (markers of AT inflammation) predict AT insulin resistance measured as the insulin concentration that suppresses lipolysis by 50% (IC50). We studied 86 volunteers with normal weight or obesity at baseline and a subgroup of 25 volunteers with obesity before and after weight loss. There was a strong positive relationship between IC50 and abdominal subcutaneous and femoral fat cell size (FCS). The positive, univariate relationships between IC50 and abdominal AT inflammatory markers CD68, CD14, CD206 ATM/100 adipocytes, senescent cells, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA were not significant after adjustment for FCS. A 10% weight loss significantly reduced IC50; however, there was no reduction in adipose ATM content, senescent cells, or cytokine gene expression. Our study suggests that commonly used markers of AT inflammation are not causally linked to AT insulin resistance, whereas FCS is a strong predictor of AT insulin resistance with respect to lipolysis.
Association of a Healthy Lifestyle With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study in UK Biobank
Authors: Han Han , Cao Yaying , Feng Chengwu , Zheng Yan , Dhana Klodian , Zhu Shu , Shang Cong , Yuan Changzheng , Zong Geng
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the association of a healthy lifestyle, involving seven low-risk factors mentioned in diabetes management guidelines (no current smoking, moderate alcohol consumption, regular physical activity, healthy diet, less sedentary behavior, adequate sleep duration, and appropriate social connection), with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among individuals with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This study included 13,366 participants with baseline type 2 diabetes from the UK Biobank free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. Lifestyle information was collected through a baseline questionnaire.

RESULTS

During a median follow-up of 11.7 years, 1,561 deaths were documented, with 625 from cancer, 370 from CVD, 115 from respiratory disease, 81 from digestive disease, and 74 from neurodegenerative disease. In multivariate-adjusted model, each lifestyle factor was significantly associated with all-cause mortality, and hazard ratios associated with the lifestyle score (scoring 6–7 vs. 0–2 unless specified) were 0.42 (95% CI 0.34, 0.52) for all-cause mortality, 0.57 (0.41, 0.80) for cancer mortality, 0.35 (0.22, 0.56) for CVD mortality, 0.26 (0.10, 0.63) for respiratory mortality, and 0.28 (0.14, 0.53) for digestive mortality (scoring 5–7 vs. 0–2). In the population-attributable risk analysis, 29.4% (95% CI 17.9%, 40.9%) of deaths were attributable to a poor lifestyle (scoring 0–5). The association between a healthy lifestyle and all-cause mortality was consistent, irrespective of factors reflecting diabetes severity (diabetes duration, glycemic control, diabetes-related microvascular disease, and diabetes medication).

CONCLUSIONS

A healthy lifestyle was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality and mortality due to CVD, cancer, respiratory disease, and digestive disease among individuals with type 2 diabetes.
High Expression of IKZF2 in Malignant T Cells Promotes Disease Progression in Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Xu Bufang , Liu Fengjie , Gao Yumei , Sun Jingru , Li Yingyi , Lin Yuchieh , Liu Xiangjun , Wen Yujie , Yi Shengguo , Dang Jingyang , Tu Ping , Wang Yang
Published: December 2021

Cutaneous T cell lymphoma is a generally indolent disease derived from skin-homing mature T cells. However, in advanced stages, cutaneous T cell lymphoma may manifest aggressive clinical behaviour and lead to a poor prognosis. The mechanism of disease progression in cutaneous T cell lymphoma remains unknown. This study, based on a large clinical cohort, found that IKZF2, an essential transcription factor during T cell development and differentiation, showed stage- dependent overexpression in the malignant T cells in mycosis fungoides lesions. IKZF2 is specifically over- expressed in advanced-stage mycosis fungoides lesions, and correlates with poor prognosis. Mechanistically, overexpression of IKZF2 promotes cutaneous T cell lymphoma progression via inhibiting malignant cell apoptosis and may contribute to tumour immune escape by downregulating major histocompatibility complex II molecules and up-regulating the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 by malignant T cells. These results demonstrate the important role of IKZF2 in high-risk cutaneous T cell lymphoma and pave the way for future targeted therapy.
Raman active modes in defective peapods
Authors: Fergani Fatima , Ait Abdelkader S.M. , Chadli H. , Rahmani Ah , Rahmani A.
Published: December 2021

The vibrational properties of defective single-walled carbon nanotube filled with C60 fullerene is the subject of the current study. For this aim we use the spectral moments method in the framework of the bond-polarization theory to calculate the non-resonant Raman spectra of hexa-vacancy defective C60 peapods. Essentially, the vibrational properties are closely coupled with the atomic structure of the system. The evolution of the Raman spectrum as a function of the spatial arrangement of defects in carbon nanotubes is discussed. This work provides benchmark theoretical results to understand the experimental data of defective C60 peapods. #single_wall_carbon_nanotube #C60_peapods #hexa-vacancy_defect #Raman_spectroscopy #pectral_moment_method
Extensive study of cage effect and subdiffusion in Pickering emulsions using molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: El Moudny S. , Benhamou M. , Badia M. , Ossmani M.
Published: December 2021

In this work, we aim at an extensive study of the diffusion phenomenon of oil-droplets dispersed in water onto which are strongly adsorbed charged point-like particles (Pickering emulsions). This diffusion that originates from multiple collisions with the molecules of water, is anomalous, due to the presence of relatively strong correlations between the moving oil-droplets. Using Molecular Dynamic simulation, with a pair-potential of Sogami-Ise type, we first observe that the random walkers execute a normal diffusion, at intermediate time, followed by a slow diffusion (subdiffusion) we attribute to the presence of cages, formed by the nearest neighbors (traps). In the cage-regime, we find that the mean-square-displacement increases according to a time-power law, with an anomalous diffusion exponent between 0 and 1. The existence of a cage effect is shown also by computing the velocity auto-correlation function of the random walker. It is found that, in a cage, this function is governed by an underdamped (oscillatory) behavior, for strong densities and surface charges, and low-salt concentration. In the inverse situation, however, we observe that this correlation-function is rather overdamped (non-oscillatory). In the two cases, at large-time, this function fails according to a time-power law.
The Linear Pottery culture face vessel from the site Biskupice 18, southern Poland
Authors: Korczyńska Marta , Kenig Robert , Nowak Marek , Czekaj-Zastawny Agnieszka , Nowak Maciej , Moskal-del Hoyo Magdalena
Published: December 2021

This paper presents the stylistic analysis of a unique face vessel fragment, found at a recently excavated settlement of the Linear Pottery culture near Biskupice, located in the Carpathian foothill region in southern Poland. The evaluation is based on a multivariate analysis of the stylistic features of 130 human face vessels from 91 Central European Neolithic sites of the Linear Pottery culture and the Alföld Linear Pottery culture, and is conducted with the help of multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). The main objective of the research is to find the closest analogies of the Biskupice by tracking similarities between the manner of execution of the combination of facial elements and accompanying motifs appearing on the Biskupice vessel and on other depictions of the human face. This investigation also aims to make inferences about the chrono-cultural connections of the first agrarian societies in the area of the Carpathian foothills with other regions of the Linear Pottery world.
Obsidian Source Use Within the Alföld Linear Pottery culture in Slovakia
Authors: Werra Dagmara H. , Hughes Richard E. , Nowak Marek , Vizdal Marián , Gačková Lýdia
Published: December 2021

This paper reports the results of non-destructive energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis of 186 obsidian artifacts from eight archaeological sites attributable to the Alföld Linear Pottery Culture (c. 5600-4900 cal BC). This is the largest instrument-based study yet conducted and reported for Alföld Linear Pottery Culture (ALPC) artifacts from Slovakia, where ALPC chipped lithic assemblages are almost entirely composed of obsidian items. Results show that all obsidian artifacts analyzed were manufactured exclusively from a volcanic glass of the Carpathian 1 chemical type, the source of which has been localised in Slovakia. This chemical variety of obsidian appears to have been the most important volcanic glass used by prehistoric communities in East-Central Europe during the Neolithic.
Dannelse i pædagogisk praksis – om den praktiske nødvendighed og anvendelighed af et sensibiliserende sprog og en ikke-forudsigende didaktik
Authors: Iskov Thomas , Tange Niels
Published: December 2021

In regards of teaching in lower and secondary schools the article pursues an empirical answer to how it is possible to talk about and accommodate pupils formation without defining, predicting and instrumentalizing the teaching practice. An action research project combined with practice-theoretical analyzes of teachers approach to formation shows, that language and concepts about formation must be open and sensitizing. Furthermore it is shown that teaching should be intentional but not causal, which underlines that teaching is experimental also in terms of planning and development. Finally a model is presented, which seeks to clarify important characteristics of what is described as a pedagogical reconsideration, that formation-oriented teaching must rely on.
population level study of SARS-CoV-2 prevalence amongst people experiencing homelessness in Wales, UK
Authors: Thomas Ian , Mackie Peter
Published: December 2021

IntroductionPrior research into the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection amongst people experiencing homelessness (PEH) largely relates to people in communal forms of temporary accommodation in contexts where this type of accommodation remained a major part of the response to homelessness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Little is known about the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 amongst PEH more broadly, and in a policy and practice context that favoured self-contained accommodation, such as Wales, UK.
ObjectiveDescribe the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 amongst PEH in Wales, UK, using routinely collected administrative data from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank.
MethodsRoutinely collected data were used to identify PEH in Wales between 1st March 2020 and 1st March 2021. Using SARS-CoV-2 pathology testing data, prevalence rates were generated for PEH and three comparator groups: (1) the not-homeless population; (2) a cohort `exact matched' for age, sex, local authority and area deprivation; and (3) a matched comparison group created using these same variables and Propensity Score Matching (PSM). Three logistic regressions were run on samples containing each of the comparator groups to explore the effect of experiencing homelessness on testing positive for SARS-CoV-2.
ResultsThe prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection amongst PEH was 5.0%, compared to the not-homeless population at 5.6%. For the exact matched and PSM match comparator groups, prevalence was 6.9% and 6.7%, respectively. Logistic regression found that SARS-CoV-2 infection was 0.9 times less likely amongst PEH compared to people not experiencing homelessness from the general population. The odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection for PEH was 0.75 and 0.73 where the `not-homeless' comparators were from the exact match and PSM samples, respectively.
ConclusionOur analysis revealed that a year into the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 amongst PEH in Wales was lower than the general population. A policy response to homelessness that moved away from communal accommodation may be partly responsible for the reduced SAR-CoV-2 infection amongst PEH.
HYDRODYNAMICAL INSTABILITY OF NEWTONIAN FLOW BEFORE AN AXISYMMETRIC SUDDEN CONTRACTION
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Department of Hydraulic and Water Engineering, Orel Vadym , Pitsyshyn Bohdan ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Department of Hydraulic and Water Engineering, Konyk Tetiana ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Department of Hydraulic and Water Engineering
Published: December 2021

The sizes of the vortex region before the axisymmetric sudden contraction of the circular pipe at the Newtonian flow have been investigated. Area ratios 0.250 and 0.500 were considered. The sizes of the vortex region have the extreme dependence with a maximum at the transition of the laminar flow into a turbulent flow one. When the Reynolds number at the laminar flow increase, these sizes also increase, and they decrease at the turbulent flow. In both cases, the sizes of the vortex region are proportional to the Reynolds number. A transition region between laminar flow and turbulent flow lies in the range of the Reynolds number from 3000 to 5300 and 750…1300, determined by the diameter of a bigger pipe of sudden expansion and a step height correspondingly