bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS POTENSI WILAYAH PENGEMBANGAN TERNAK RUMINANSIA DI KABUPATEN PURWAKARTA
Authors: Daud Andre R.
Published: March 2017

Penelitian mengenai analisis potensi pengembangan ternak ruminansia di wilayah Kabupaten Purwakarta Propinsi Jawa Barat telah dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Purwakarta Propinsi Jawa Barat dari tanggal 3 September sampai 1 Oktober 2007. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui : (1) menentukan komoditas ternak ruminansia yang dapat diunggulkan oleh Kabupaten Purwakarta; dan (2) wilayah yang dapat dijadikan sebagai basis pengembangan ternak ruminansia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif. Objek dari penelitian ini adalah kecamatan di wilayah Kabupaten Purwakarta yang terdiri dari 17 kecamatan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder. Data sekunder yang dihimpun merupakan data berkala selama periode lima tahun yaitu dari tahun 2001 sampai dengan tahun 2006 yang bersumber dari beberapa instansi terkait antara lain yaitu Dinas Peternakan Propinsi Jawa Barat, Sub Dinas Peternakan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Purwakarta, Badan Pusat Statistik Propinsi Jawa Barat, Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Purwakarta, BAPEDA Kabupaten Purwakarta dan Sub Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Kabupaten Purwakarta. Variabel yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah populasi ternak, lahan pertanian, rumah tangga pertanian, fasilitas pelayanan peternakan, Rancangan Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) Pemerintah Daerah, Rencana Strategis (Renstra) Dinas Peternakan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Purwakarta. Model perhitungan yang digunakan adalah (1) Location Quotient (LQ), (2) Penentuan daya tampung wilayah yang terdiri dari perhitungan potensi produksi rumput, perhitungan potensi limbah pertanian, dan perhitungan daya tampung wilayah, (3) Indeks Spesialisasi untuk rumah tangga pertanian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa: (1) ternak ruminansia, khususnya ruminansia kecil, memiliki dukungan sumberdaya wilayah yang memadai untuk pengembangan dalam jangka panjang; dan (2) Kecamatan Bojong, Pasawahan, Pondoksalam, Wanayasa dan Kiarapedes merupakan wilayah kecamatan yang memiliki potensi sebagai basis pengembangan ternak unggulan tersebut.
PEMANFAATAN PELAYANAN INFORMASI PASAR OLEH PETANI DAN PEDAGANG KUBIS BUNGA : Kasus di Kecamatan Lembang, Kabupaten Bandung
Authors: Hapsari Hepi , Natawidjaja Ronnie S. , Astuti Yuni
Published: March 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui karakteristik informasi yang dibutuhkan petani dan pedagang kubis bunga. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei dengan analisis data secara deskriptif dan uji Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sumber, isi, media dan frekuensi penyampaian informasi PIP sesuai dengan keinginan petani dan pedagang. Namun informasi harga yang disajikan PIP tidak dimanfaatkan oleh petani dan pedagang. Petani menggunakan informasi harga dari pedagang pengumpul. Pedagang pengumpul memperoleh informasi dari pedagang besar. Pedagang besar memperoleh informasi dari loper (pengecer). Informasi harga PIP cenderung lebih tinggi dari harga faktual yang terjadi di pasar. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi petani dan pedagang tidak menggunakan informasi harga PIP karena (1) kesenjangan harga PIP dengan harga pasar faktual, (2) publikasi melalui papan harga dan surat kabar sudah tidak ada lagi, (3) kurangnya pengetahuan petani dan pedagang tentang PIP.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN BERTANYA DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS 2 SDN SLUNGKEP 03 MENGGUNAKAN MODEL DISCOVERY LEARNING
Authors: Astuti Meiria Sylvi
Published: March 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan langkah-langkah
model Discovery Learning dalam rangka meningkatkan keterampilan bertanya dan hasil belajar siswa kelas 2 SDN Slungkep 03 pada tema tugasku sehari- hari. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas, yang terdiri dari dua siklus. Masing-masing siklus terdiri atas tahapan perencanaan tindakan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan rubrik penilaian keterampilan bertanya siswa, dan soal tes tema tugasku sehari-hari yang meliputi 3 mata pelajaran (Matematika, Bahasa Indonesia dan PKn). Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif komparatif yaitu membandingkan kondisi awal sebelum dilakukan tindakan, hasil siklus 1, dan siklus 2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa langkah- langkah model Discovery Learning yang meliputi : a. Stimulation, b. Problem statement, c. Data collection, d. Data Processing, e. Verification, f. Generalization dapat meningkatkan keterampilan bertanya dan hasil belajar siswa kelas 2 SD Negeri Slungkep 03, Kayen- Pati. Peningkatan keterampilan bertanya
siswa siklus I dari kategori sedang menjadi kategori tinggi diakhir siklus II sebesar 19,22%. Sementara Jumlah siswa yang tuntas untuk muatan Bahasa Indonesia siklus I mencapai 73,33% menjadi 86,67% diakhir siklus II. Jumlah siswa yang tuntas untuk muatan PPKn dari siklus I sebesar 66,67% menjadi 86,67% diakhir siklus II. Sementara jumlah siswa tuntas untuk muatan Matematika, dari siklus I sebesar 46,67% menjadi 80,00% diakhir siklus II. Ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa tersebut mampu mencapai kategori tinggi rata- rata sebesar 18,19 %- 33,33%.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINTIFIK DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS 4 SDN SLUNGKEP 02 TEMA PEDULI TERHADAP MAKHLUK HIDUP MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING
Authors: Rini Rismaerista , Mawardi Mawardi
Published: March 2017

Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan proses saintifik dan hasil belajar siswa menggunakan  model PBL pada siswa kelas 4 SDN Slungkep 02. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan non tes dan tes. Instrumen penelitian berupa lembar observasi kegiatan mengajar guru dan aktivitas belajar siswa, keterampilan saintifik, dan hasil belajar. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif komparatif. Penerapan model PBL dapat meningkatkan keterampilan proses saintifik dan hasil belajar siswa ditunjukkan pada aktivitas mengajar guru pada siklus I mencapai kategori baik (83), dan siklus II dengan kategori baik (90). Aktivitas belajar siswa pada siklus I mencapai Kategori cuku baik (79) dan siklus II dengan kategori baik sekali (91). Peningkatan keterampilan proses saintifik siklus I dengan kategori tinggi (71,6%) dan siklus II berada pada kategori sangat tinggi (83%). Hasil belajar muatan Bahasa Indonesia meningkat menjadi 78 pada siklus I dan 84 pada siklus II dengan ketuntasan belajar pada kategori tinggi (74%) dan sangat tinggi (83%). Hasil belajar muatan Matematika meningkat pada siklus I menjadi 77 dan ketuntasan belajar pada kategori tinggi (74%). Pada siklus II hasil belajar menjadi 79 dengan ketuntasan belajar pada kategori tinggi (78%). Hasil belajar IPA pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 77 dengan ketuntasan belajar pada kategori tinggi (70%) dan siklus II sebesar 86 dengan ketuntasan belajar pada kategori sangat tinggi (87%).
PENERAPAN MODEL OPEN ENDED UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS V SDN 1 REPAKING - WONOSEGORO - BOYOLALI
Authors: A Betty Biliya
Published: March 2017

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan langkah-langkah pembelajaran Open Ended yang dapat meningkatkan keterampilan proses dan hasil belajar pada subtema Peristiwa-peristiwa Penting pada siswa kelas V SD Negeri 1 Repaking . Penelitian yang digunakan termasuk penelitian tindakan kelas, yang terdiri dari dua siklus. Masing-masing siklus terdiri atas tahapan perencanaan tindakan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan rubrik penilaian keterampilan proses dan soal tes untuk muatan Bahasa Indonesia dan muatan Matematika. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif komparatif yaitu membandingkan kondisi awal sebelum dilakukan tindakan, hasil siklus 1, dan siklus 2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan temuan bahwa model pembelajaran Open Ended dilakukan dengan integrasi penilaian autentik dapat: a) meningkatkan keterampilan proses pembelajaran siswa kelas V SD Negerei 1 Repaking, Wonosegoro-Boyolali. Presentase kenaikan ketermapilan proses  sub tema Peristiwa-peristiwa Penting sebesar 26,14% untuk siklus I dan 31,59% untuk siklus II. b) Meningkatkan persentase jumlah siswa yang mencapai ketuntasan belajar siswa kelas V SD Negeri 1 Repaking pada sub tema Peristiwa- peristiwa Penting untuk muatan Bahasa Indonesia sebagai berikut: pada kondisi awal, presentase pencapaian KKM sebesar 50% (12 siswa), pada siklus I presentase meningkat menjadi 66,67% (16 siswa), dan pada siklus II presentase meningkat  mencapai 83,33%(20 siswa). Untuk muatan Matematika sebagai berikut: pada kondisi awal, presentase pencapaian KKM sebesar 37,5% (9 siswa), pada siklus I presentase meningkat menjadi 58,33% (14 siswa), dan pada siklus II presentase meningkat  mencapai 75% (18 siswa).
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES DAN HASIL BELAJAR MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING PADA SUB TEMA MERAWAT TUBUHKU SISWA KELAS 1 SD NEGERI 1 GOSONO - WONOSEGORO
Authors: Mustamilah Mustamilah
Published: March 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan keterampilan proses pemecahan masalah, hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas 1 SD NEGERI 1 GOSONO dengan menggunakan model Problem Based Learning (PBL) . jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari tiga siklus. Masing-masing siklus terdiri atas tahapan perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Instrumen pengumpulan data  menggunakan rubrik penilaian keterampilan proses pemecahan masalah, dan  soal tes Tema 1Sub Tema 3 tentang merawat tubuh. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif komparatif  yaitu membandingkan kondisi awal sebelum tindakan, hasil siklus 1, siklus 2, dan siklus 3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model PBL dapat : a) meningkatkan keterampilan proses pemecahan masalah Tema 1 Sub Tema 3 tentang merawat tubuh siswa kelas 1 SD NEGERI 1 GOSONO. Presentase kenaikan keterampilan pemecahan masalah sebesar 9,09% untuk siklus 1, 11,36% untuk siklus 2, 13,63% untuk siklus 3. b) meningkatkan presentase jumlah siswa yang mencapai ketuntasan belajar minimal (KKM) pada Bahasa Indonesia sebagai berikut : pada kondisi awal presentase pencapaian KKM sebesar 22,7% (5 siswa), pada siklus 1 presentase meningkat menjadi 40,9%(9 siswa), pada siklus 2 presentase meningkat  menjadi 59,09%(13 siswa), pada siklus 3  presentase meningkat menjadi 72,72%(16 siswa). Sedangkan untuk Matematika pada kondisi awal presentase pencapaian KKM sebesar 36,36% (8 siswa), pada siklus 1 presentase meningkat menjadi 36,36% (8 siswa), pada siklus 2 presentase meningkat menjadi 63,63%(14 siswa), pada siklus 3  presentase meningkat menjadi 77,27%(17 siswa).
Correlation between serum homocysteine concentration and severity of mitral valve disease in dogs
Authors: Lee Chang-Min , Jeong Da-Min , Kang Min-Hee , Kim Seung-Gon , Han Jae-Ik , Park Hee-Myung
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE To measure serum homocysteine concentrations in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and identify any association between this variable and stage of MMVD.

ANIMALS 53 client-owned dogs with MMVD and 10 healthy control Beagles.

PROCEDURES Dogs with MMVD were allocated to 3 groups in accordance with the staging system for chronic valvular heart disease in dogs and cats of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine. Blood samples were collected from all dogs, and serum homocysteine and cardiac troponin 1 concentrations were measured by enzyme immunoassay and chemiluminescence immunoassay, respectively. Analyte values were tested for associations with each other and with stage of MMVD.

RESULTS A significant correlation was identified between serum homocysteine concentration and stage of MMVD. Mean ± SD concentrations were 6.72 ± 1.65 μmol/L for control dogs, 13.37 ± 4.16 μmol/L for dogs with stage B MMVD, 18.86 ± 6.73 μmol/L for dogs with stage C disease, and 28.26 ± 4.48 μmol/L for dogs with stage D disease. In addition, serum homocysteine concentration was correlated with serum cardiac troponin 1 (r = 0.34) and creatinine (r = 0.46) concentrations, systolic blood pressure (r = 0.57), and left atrium-to-aortic root ratio (r = 0.28), all of which were positively correlated with stage of MMVD.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Serum homocysteine concentrations of dogs with MMVD were significantly higher than those of control dogs, and significant correlations were identified between these values and several risk factors for heart failure. Measurement of serum homocysteine concentration may be useful in the prediction of severity of disease in dogs with MMVD.
Assessment of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the hepatic vein for detection of hemodynamic changes associated with experimentally induced portal hypertension in dogs
Authors: Morishita Keitaro , Hiramoto Akira , Michishita Asuka , Takagi Satoshi , Hoshino Yuki , Itami Takaharu , Lim Sue Yee , Osuga Tatsuyuki , Nakamura Sayuri , Ochiai Kenji , Nakamura Kensuke , Ohta Hiroshi , Yamasaki Masahiro , Takiguchi Mitsuyoshi
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE To assess the use of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) of the hepatic vein for the detection of hemodynamic changes associated with experimentally induced portal hypertension in dogs.

ANIMALS 6 healthy Beagles.

PROCEDURES A prospective study was conducted. A catheter was surgically placed in the portal vein of each dog. Hypertension was induced by intraportal injection of microspheres (10 to 15 mg/kg) at 5-day intervals via the catheter. Microsphere injections were continued until multiple acquired portosystemic shunts were created. Portal vein pressure (PVP) was measured through the catheter. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography was performed before and after establishment of hypertension. Time-intensity curves were generated from the region of interest in the hepatic vein. Perfusion variables measured for statistical analysis were hepatic vein arrival time, time to peak, time to peak phase (TTPP), and washout ratio. The correlation between CEUS variables and PVP was assessed by use of simple regression analysis.

RESULTS Time to peak and TTPP were significantly less after induction of portal hypertension. Simple regression analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between TTPP and PVP.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE CEUS was useful for detecting hemodynamic changes associated with experimentally induced portal hypertension in dogs, which was characterized by a rapid increase in the intensity of the hepatic vein. Furthermore, TTPP, a time-dependent variable, provided useful complementary information for predicting portal hypertension.

IMPACT FOR HUMAN MEDICINE Because the method described here induced presinusoidal portal hypertension, these results can be applied to idiopathic portal hypertension in humans.
Effects of repeated use and resterilization on structural and functional integrity of microwave ablation antennas
Authors: Finck Cyrielle A. , zur Linden Alex R. , Singh Ameet , Foster Robert A. , Nykamp Stephanie G. , Sears William C.
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE To determine effects of repeated use and resterilization on structural and functional integrity of microwave ablation (MWA) antennas.

SAMPLE 17 cooled-shaft MWA antennas (3 groups of 5 antennas/group and 2 control antennas).

PROCEDURES 1, 2, and 3 ablations in the livers of bovine cadavers were performed at the maximum recommended settings. Antennas were cleaned and sterilized in hydrogen peroxide plasma, and the process was repeated (reprocessing cycle; n = 6). Control antennas were only sterilized (6 times). Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures were performed, and antennas were microscopically assessed for damage.

RESULTS 6 cycles were completed. Thirteen of 15 MWA antennas remained functional for up to 4 cycles, 10 were functional after 5 cycles, and only 7 were functional after 6 cycles. Progressive tearing of the silicone coating of the antennas was observed, with a negative effect of the number of cycles for silicone tearing. Size of the ablation zone decreased mildly over time after cycles 5 and 6; however, this was not considered clinically relevant. No significant changes in the shape of ablation zones were detected. All cultures yielded negative results, except for an isolated case, which was considered a contaminant.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Structural and functional integrity of the microwave antennas remained acceptable during repeated use and reprocessing for up to 4 cycles. However, there was a decrease in functional integrity at cycles 5 and 6. We suggest that these microwave antennas be subjected to > 3 reprocessing cycles. Antennas should be carefully examined before reuse.
Abad Baru Purbakala: Memilih Arah Menentukan Peran Penelitian Arkeologi di Maluku
Authors: Ririmasse Marlon NR
Published: March 2017

A year has passed since the celebration of 100th years of Indonesian archaeology. On June 14th 2013, this golden moment was commemorated by institutions and individuals. The nostalgic euphoria has been transformed into the festive spirit of various events. Ranging from seminars to exhibitions. From small gatherings to the colosal stages. There is a pride that rised from the establishment of this 100th anniversary. This article tries to discuss the current situation in the Indonesian archaeology by dissect the anatomy of archaeological research in the Moluccas Archipleago. The ideas disscussed will cover the review of archaeological research in the Moluccas historically; followed by observing the recent activities  to understand the impacts of archaeological research for the region and its communities; and finally initiate the discussion on choosing the direction and the role of archaeological research for the academic and social purpose in the near future.Tak terasa hampir setahun telah dilewati sejak perayaan satu abad purbakala Nusantara. Tepat tanggal 14 Juni 2013 silam, momentum emas ini diperingati segenap insan arkeologi Indonesia. Gempita nostalgia dikemas menjadi semangat perayaan dalam berbagai kegiatan. Mulai dari seminar sampai pameran. Sekedar sukuran hingga pentas kolosal. Ada kebanggaan yang membuncah dari angka mapan usia ke-100. Kini pesta telah usai. Segalanya kembali senyap.  Rasanya tepat untuk mulai merenung. Tentang makna menjadi lembaga dengan umur yang bahkan lebih sepuh dari negara. Memikirkan kembali kiprah pun capaian. Menemukenali kekurangan dan kendala. Adakah arkeologi akan terus mengalir dengan wawasan klasik business as usual? Ataukah memilih bercermin pada jernih kondisi kekinian dan bergegas membenahi diri? Makalah ini mencoba mengamati kondisi terkini arkeologi nasional dengan membedah anatomi penelitian arkeologi di Kepulauan Maluku dalam kerangka kronologis. Alur gagasan yang dibahas mencakup tinjauan atas rekam historis penelitian yang membentuk wajah arkeologi Maluku; dilanjutkan dengan mengamati aktivitas masa kini guna melihat aktualisasi studi arkeologi bagi kemajuan wilayah dan masyarakat; serta membuka ruang diskusi tentang memilih arah dan menentukan peran penelitian arkeologi bagi tujuan akademis dan sosial di masa mendatang.
Benteng Kolonial Eropa di Pulau Makian dan Pulau Moti: Kajian atas Pola Sebaran Benteng di Wilayah Maluku Utara
Authors: Mansyur Syahruddin
Published: March 2017

In the early period of the spice trade, Makian Island Moti Island are the main source in the production of cloves. This condition is the main factor that attaracted tthe presence of Europeans that its influences still  can be traced recently. Evidence of the presence of European nations can be seen from the distribution of the fort in the island Makian and Moti Island. This research is intended to uncover the factors that underlie the formation of a network of fortifications in the two islands. Using the method of interpretation of the distribution pattern of the castle and the relationship between regions, this paper uncovered that the main factors the formation of a network of fortifications in the region is the natural conditions or geographical factors, so that consideration of the establishment of each fort associated with the monitoring of safety conditions, supervision of the marketing of cloves, as well as efforts to maintain the existence of a colonial power in the region.Pada periode awal perdagangan rempah-rempah, Pulau Makian dan Pulau Moti adalah sumber utama produksi cengkih. Hal inilah kemudian menjadi daya tarik kehadiran bangsa Eropa yang hingga saat ini masih dapat disaksikan jejak pengaruhnya. Bukti-bukti kehadiran bangsa Eropa tersebut dapat dilihat dari sebaran benteng yang ada di Pulau Makian dan Pulau Moti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap faktor-faktor yang melatari terbentuknya jaringan perbentengan yang ada di kedua pulau tersebut. Melalui metode penafsiran terhadap pola sebaran benteng dan hubungan antar wilayah, tulisan ini berhasil mengungkap bahwa faktor utama terbentuknya jaringan perbentengan di wilayah ini adalah kondisi alam atau faktor geografis, sehingga pertimbangan atas pendirian setiap benteng berkaitan dengan pengawasan terhadap kondisi keamanan, pengawasan terhadap tata niaga cengkih, serta upaya untuk mempertahankan eksistensi kekuasan kolonial di wilayah ini.
Nondestructive In Situ Characterization of Elastic Moduli of Full-Depth Reclamation Base Mixtures
Authors: Amarh Eugene A. , Fernandez-Gómez Wilmar , Flintsch Gerardo W. , Diefenderfer Brian K. , Bowers Benjamin F.
Published: March 2017

State highway agencies are searching for more cost-effective methods for rehabilitating roads. One sustainable solution is full-depth reclamation (FDR), which is a pavement rehabilitation technique that involves pulverizing and reusing materials from existing distressed pavements in place. However, there is little information on the long-term properties of these recycled materials. An important property, the elastic modulus, indicates the structural capacity of pavement materials and is highly recommended for design purposes by the Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Guide. The elastic modulus directly affects selection of the overall pavement thickness; therefore, an accurate estimation of the modulus is key to a cost-effective pavement design. This research investigated the elastic modulus trends of three in-service pavements rehabilitated with the FDR technique during the 2008 Virginia Department of Transportation construction season. Foamed asphalt (2.7% with 1% cement), asphalt emulsion (3.5%), and portland cement (5%) were used as stabilizing agents for the FDR layers. The results of the moduli measured for the recycled base materials varied significantly over time. These changes were attributed to curing after construction, seasonal effects, and subgrade moisture. The structural capacity of the pavements improved irrespective of the stabilizing agent used.
Implementation of the Thin Bonded Concrete Overlay of Existing Asphalt Pavement Design Procedure in the AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design Software
Authors: Bhattacharya Biplab , Gotlif Alex , Darter Michael
Published: March 2017

This paper describes the implementation of the bonded concrete overlay of asphalt pavement mechanistic–empirical (BCOA-ME) design procedure, developed by the University of Pittsburgh, into the AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design software. The BCOA-ME procedure was generally compatible with the mechanistic–empirical framework of Pavement ME and thus adaptable into the design framework. A thin bonded concrete overlay of existing asphalt pavements includes short to medium joint spacings (typically 6 × 6 ft) and a strong bond or high-contact friction between the portland cement concrete slab and the existing asphalt concrete surface. As much of the theory, concepts, assumptions, and inputs in the BCOA-ME design procedure as possible were implemented into the Pavement ME software. Differences included those required to match the computational procedures of Pavement ME (e.g., axle load spectra versus equivalent single-axle loads, monthly asphalt concrete damaged dynamic modulus, monthly portland cement concrete strength and modulus, and monthly unbound material resilient modulus). Longitudinal joint spacing ranging from 5 to 8 ft (not <5 ft) was included. Longitudinal fatigue cracking was directly considered as in the BCOA-ME, which initiates at the bottom of the slab. The calibration of the longitudinal cracking transfer function produced excellent goodness-of-fit statistics with no significant bias. The new procedure was incorporated into Pavement ME Version 2.3, released in July 2016.
Dynamic Backcalculation of Viscoelastic Asphalt Properties and Master Curve Construction
Authors: Lee Hyung Suk , Ayyala Dinesh , Von Quintus Harold
Published: March 2017

In this study, dynamic backcalculation was conducted on two selected Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) sections, one from a cold climate zone and the other from a warmer climate zone. It was demonstrated that not only the viscoelastic dynamic modulus (| E*|) of the asphalt has been backcalculated from an extensive set of field data but also the master curve has been constructed successfully with the backcalculated data. It was also found that the backcalculated master curves were significantly different from those constructed with the LTPP | E*| coefficients. Furthermore, the backcalculated dynamic modulus was obtained from the same pavement sections after 12 to 14 years of service and compared with the initial baseline modulus.
The Experiment of Experience: Ronald Sukenick and Mark Amerika's Performative Theory of Writing
Authors: Esposito Lucia
Published: March 2017

The paper analyses some texts by the American author Ronald Sukenick (particularly the 1969 short story ‘The Death of the Novel’, included in a collection by the same name) and links them to some recent works by Mark Amerika in order to show the way experimental writing can be conveniently used as a means to investigate the nature and role of literature in critical transition periods. Sukenick started to write in the sixties, at a time in which a prevailing feeling of the novel's exhaustion dominated, and experimented a new kind of non-mimetic, experiential writing – literature performed as an extemporaneous event and an embodied experience – that Amerika was to foreground later, in the period in which literature was being ferried to the digital world. The two authors (and both professors), who also collaborated on some projects, seem to share the same penchant for an acrobatic (con)fusion of storytelling and theoretical and critical analysis, and the result is a textual performance that situates the metacommentary as literary production.
Intensive Sleep Re-Training: From Bench to Bedside
Authors: Lack Leon , Scott Hannah , Micic Gorica , Lovato Nicole
Published: March 2017

Intensive sleep re-training is a promising new therapy for chronic insomnia. Therapy is completed over a 24-h period during a state of sleep deprivation. Improvements of sleep and daytime impairments are comparable to the use of stimulus control therapy but with the advantage of a rapid reversal of the insomnia. The initial studies have been laboratory based and not readily accessible to the patient population. However, new smart phone technology, using a behavioral response to external stimuli as a measure of sleep/wake state instead of EEG determination of sleep, has made this new therapy readily available. Technological improvements are still being made allowing the therapy to provide further improvements in the effectiveness of Intensive Sleep Re-training.
Annual Performance of Sensible and Total Heat Recovery in Ventilation Systems: Humidity Control Constraints for European Climates
Authors: Tafelmeier Stefanie , Pernigotto Giovanni , Gasparella Andrea
Published: March 2017

Ensuring a comfortable indoor air quality requires a minimum fresh air supply by ventilation. Moreover, the improvement of the air tightness in new and refurbished high performance buildings enhances the role of mechanical ventilation and its importance in further increasing the energy efficiency. Indeed, a reduction of the ventilation load can be achieved by installing air-to-air heat recovery devices, whose potential energy savings can be easily assessed by means of their nominal effectiveness. However, this estimation does not consider the impact on the overall performance of the system, in particular when humidity control is needed. Proper control strategies can be defined on the basis of the indoor latent load to prevent preheating or avoid moisture recovery when dehumidification by cooling is then required. In this work, the energy saving potential of heat recovery systems has been analyzed, considering the impact of different control strategies on both energy and cost savings. The calculations have been generalized using the specific latent load, which allows for the analysis of strategies and savings based on typical utilization categories, without considering in detail all the building characteristics. Representative hourly weather data for 66 European cities have been used to evaluate sensible and total heat recovery devices. The energy and the cost saving results have been mapped per each European Köppen-Geiger climate class and each country, respectively. The proposed strategies based on humidity control can strongly reduce the attractiveness of total heat recovery with respect to sensible heat recovery in terms of energy and cost savings, especially when high specific latent loads are considered.
Microinjection of Antibodies Targeting the Lamin A/C Histone-Binding Site Blocks Mitotic Entry and Reveals Separate Chromatin Interactions with HP1, CenpB and PML
Authors: Dixon Charles , Platani Melpomeni , Makarov Alexandr , Schirmer Eric
Published: March 2017

Lamins form a scaffold lining the nucleus that binds chromatin and contributes to spatial genome organization; however, due to the many other functions of lamins, studies knocking out or altering the lamin polymer cannot clearly distinguish between direct and indirect effects. To overcome this obstacle, we specifically targeted the mapped histone-binding site of A/C lamins by microinjecting antibodies specific to this region predicting that this would make the genome more mobile. No increase in chromatin mobility was observed; however, interestingly, injected cells failed to go through mitosis, while control antibody-injected cells did. This effect was not due to crosslinking of the lamin polymer, as Fab fragments also blocked mitosis. The lack of genome mobility suggested other lamin-chromatin interactions. To determine what these might be, mini-lamin A constructs were expressed with or without the histone-binding site that assembled into independent intranuclear structures. HP1, CenpB and PML proteins accumulated at these structures for both constructs, indicating that other sites supporting chromatin interactions exist on lamin A. Together, these results indicate that lamin A-chromatin interactions are highly redundant and more diverse than generally acknowledged and highlight the importance of trying to experimentally separate their individual functions.
About the Purification Route of Ionic Liquid Precursors
Authors: De Francesco Massimo , Simonetti Elisabetta , Gorgi Gianremo , Appetecchi Giovanni
Published: March 2017

In this work a purification route of precursors for ionic liquids tailored to electrochemical energy storage systems is reported and described. The study was carried out on the N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bromide (PYR14Br) precursor, which represents the intermediate product of the synthesis process of the N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PYR14TFSI) hydrophobic ionic liquid. The target is to develop an easy and cost-effective approach for efficiently purifying several kinds of ionic liquid precursors and determining their purity content. The PYR14Br precursor was synthesized through an eco-friendly preparation procedure, which requires water as the only processing solvent, and purified through sorbent materials, such as activated charcoal and alumina. The effect of the treatment/nature/content of sorbents and processing temperature/time was investigated. The impurity content was detected by UV-VIS spectrophotometry measurements. Additionally, a correlation between the measured absorbance and the content of impurities within the precursor was obtained. The purity level of the precursor was seen to play a key role in the electrochemical performance of the ionic liquids.
A Novel Framework for Shock Filter Using Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Duan Chunmei , Lu Hongqian
Published: March 2017

In dilation or erosion processes, a shock filter is widely used in signal enhancing or image deburring. Traditionally, sign function is employed in shock filtering for reweighting of edge-detection in images and decides whether a pixel should dilate to the local maximum or evolve to the local minimum. Some researchers replace sign function with tanh function or arctan function, trying to change the evolution tracks of the pixels when filtering is in progress. However, analysis here reveals that only function replacement does usually not work. This paper revisits first shock filters and their modifications. Then, a fuzzy shock filter is proposed after a membership function in a shock filter model is adopted to adjust the evolve rate of image pixels. The proposed filter is a parameter tuning system, which unites several formulations of shock filters into one fuzzy framework. Experimental results show that the new filter is flexible and robust and can converge fast.
Numerical Analysis of an Organic Rankine Cycle with Adjustable Working Fluid Composition, a Volumetric Expander and a Recuperator
Authors: Collings Peter , Yu Zhibin
Published: March 2017

Conventional Organic Rankine Cycles (ORCs) using ambient air as their coolant cannot fully utilize the greater temperature differential available to them during the colder months. However, changing the working fluid composition so its boiling temperature matches the ambient temperature as it changes has been shown to have potential to increase year-round electricity generation. Previous research has assumed that the cycle pressure ratio is able to vary without a major loss in the isentropic efficiency of the turbine. This paper investigates if small scale ORC systems that normally use positive-displacement expanders with fixed expansion ratios could also benefit from this new concept. A numerical model was firstly established, based on which a comprehensive analysis was then conducted. The results showed that it can be applied to systems with positive-displacement expanders and improve their year-round electricity generation. However, such an improvement is less than that of the systems using turbine expanders with variable expansion ratios. Furthermore, such an improvement relies on heat recovery via the recuperator. This is because expanders with a fixed expansion ratio have a relatively constant pressure ratio between their inlet and outlet. The increase of pressure ratio between the evaporator and condenser by tuning the condensing temperature to match colder ambient condition in winter cannot be utilised by such expanders. However, with the recuperator in place, the higher discharging temperature of the expander could increase the heat recovery and consequently reduce the heat input at the evaporator, increasing the thermal efficiency and the specific power. The higher the amount of heat energy transferred in the recuperator, the higher the efficiency improvement.
Multiple Trait Selection Index for Simultaneous Improvement of Wood Properties and Growth Traits in Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon in Malawi
Authors: Missanjo Edward , Matsumura Junji
Published: March 2017

Tree breeders face the problem of negative correlations between wood properties and growth traits. It is necessary to overcome this difficulty in order to obtain promising genotypes. The selection index is one of the helpful tools in this process, because it allows multiple features of interest to be selected. In this study, a multiple trait selection index for Khasi pine (Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon) grown in Malawi was developed. Data on wood properties and growth traits were collected from six families of P. kesiya at the age of 30 years. The breeding objective was defined in terms of wood stiffness, wood strength and volume. Selection traits included in the index were wood stiffness (MoE), wood strength (MoR), volume (Vol.), wood density (WD), and diameter at breast height (DBH). The index was termed as I T = − 80.36 M o E − 14.60 M o R + 132.07 V o l . + 4858.09 W D − 7.56 D B H . The accuracy of the index was 98.8% and the correlation between the index and the aggregate breeding objective was 0.994. A genetic gain of 16.7% for volume, 14.8% for wood stiffness and 13.2% for wood strength would be expected from a standardized 10% selection intensity. Therefore, application of the developed selection index is necessary in order to increase the efficiency of the Pinus kesiya breeding programme in Malawi.
How Similar Are Forest Disturbance Maps Derived from Different Landsat Time Series Algorithms?
Authors: Cohen Warren , Healey Sean , Yang Zhiqiang , Stehman Stephen , Brewer C. , Brooks Evan , Gorelick Noel , Huang Chengqaun , Hughes M. , Kennedy Robert , Loveland Thomas , Moisen Gretchen , Schroeder Todd , Vogelmann James , Woodcock Curtis , Yang Limin , Zhu Zhe
Published: March 2017

Disturbance is a critical ecological process in forested systems, and disturbance maps are important for understanding forest dynamics. Landsat data are a key remote sensing dataset for monitoring forest disturbance and there recently has been major growth in the development of disturbance mapping algorithms. Many of these algorithms take advantage of the high temporal data volume to mine subtle signals in Landsat time series, but as those signals become subtler, they are more likely to be mixed with noise in Landsat data. This study examines the similarity among seven different algorithms in their ability to map the full range of magnitudes of forest disturbance over six different Landsat scenes distributed across the conterminous US. The maps agreed very well in terms of the amount of undisturbed forest over time; however, for the ~30% of forest mapped as disturbed in a given year by at least one algorithm, there was little agreement about which pixels were affected. Algorithms that targeted higher-magnitude disturbances exhibited higher omission errors but lower commission errors than those targeting a broader range of disturbance magnitudes. These results suggest that a user of any given forest disturbance map should understand the map’s strengths and weaknesses (in terms of omission and commission error rates), with respect to the disturbance targets of interest.
Armillaria Pathogenesis under Climate Changes
Authors: Kubiak Katarzyna , Żółciak Anna , Damszel Marta , Lech Paweł , Sierota Zbigniew
Published: March 2017

Climate changes influencing forest ecosystems include increased air temperatures and CO2 concentrations as well as droughts and decreased water availability. These changes in turn effect changes in species composition of both host plants and pathogens. In the case of Armillaria, climate changes cause an increase in the activity of individual species and modify the growth of rhizomorphs, increasing the susceptibility of trees. The relationship between climate changes and the biotic elements of Armillaria disease are discussed in overview.
Harmful Use of Alcohol: A Shadow over Sub-Saharan Africa in Need of Workable Solutions
Authors: Ferreira-Borges Carina , Parry Charles , Babor Thomas
Published: March 2017

Alcohol consumption and alcohol-attributable burden of disease in Africa are expected to rise in the near future, yet. increasing alcohol-related harm receives little attention from policymakers and from the population in general. Even where new legislation is proposed it is rarely enacted into law. Being at the center of social and cultural activities in many countries, alcohol’s negative role in society and contribution to countries’ burden of disease are rarely questioned. After the momentum created by the adoption in 2010 of the WHO Global Strategy and the WHO Regional Strategy (for Africa) to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol, and the WHO Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases, in 2013, little seems to have been done to address the increasing use of alcohol, its associated burden and the new challenges that derive from the growing influence of the alcohol industry in Africa. In this review, we argue that to have a positive impact on the health of African populations, action addressing specific features of alcohol policy in the continent is needed, namely focusing on particularities linked to alcohol availability, like unrecorded and illicit production, outlet licensing, the expansion of formal production, marketing initiatives and taxation policies.
The Economic Cost of Suicide and Non-Fatal Suicide Behavior in the Australian Workforce and the Potential Impact of a Workplace Suicide Prevention Strategy
Authors: Kinchin Irina , Doran Christopher
Published: March 2017

Suicide and non-fatal suicide behavior (NFSB) are significant problems faced by most countries. The objective of this research is to quantify the economic cost of suicide and NFSB in the Australian workforce and to examine the potential impact of introducing a workplace suicide prevention intervention to reduce this burden. The analysis used the best available suicide data, a well-established costing methodology, and a proven workplace intervention. In 2014, 903 workers died by suicide, 2303 workers harmed themselves resulting in full incapacity, and 11,242 workers harmed themselves resulting in a short absence from work. The present value of the economic cost of suicide and NFSB is estimated at $6.73 billion. Our analysis suggests the economic benefit of implementing a universal workplace strategy would considerably outweigh the cost of the strategy. For every one dollar invested, the benefits would be in excess of $1.50 ($1.11–$3.07), representing a positive economic investment. All variations of the key parameter hold the positive benefit-cost ratio. Rates of suicide and NFSB are far too high in Australia and elsewhere. More needs to be done to reduce this burden. Although workplace strategies are appropriate for those employed, these interventions must be used within a multifaceted approach that reflects the complex nature of self-harming behavior.
Specificity in Legume-Rhizobia Symbioses
Authors: Andrews Mitchell , Andrews Morag E.
Published: March 2017

Most species in the Leguminosae (legume family) can fix atmospheric nitrogen (N2) via symbiotic bacteria (rhizobia) in root nodules. Here, the literature on legume-rhizobia symbioses in field soils was reviewed and genotypically characterised rhizobia related to the taxonomy of the legumes from which they were isolated. The Leguminosae was divided into three sub-families, the Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae and Papilionoideae. Bradyrhizobium spp. were the exclusive rhizobial symbionts of species in the Caesalpinioideae, but data are limited. Generally, a range of rhizobia genera nodulated legume species across the two Mimosoideae tribes Ingeae and Mimoseae, but Mimosa spp. show specificity towards Burkholderia in central and southern Brazil, Rhizobium/Ensifer in central Mexico and Cupriavidus in southern Uruguay. These specific symbioses are likely to be at least in part related to the relative occurrence of the potential symbionts in soils of the different regions. Generally, Papilionoideae species were promiscuous in relation to rhizobial symbionts, but specificity for rhizobial genus appears to hold at the tribe level for the Fabeae (Rhizobium), the genus level for Cytisus (Bradyrhizobium), Lupinus (Bradyrhizobium) and the New Zealand native Sophora spp. (Mesorhizobium) and species level for Cicer arietinum (Mesorhizobium), Listia bainesii (Methylobacterium) and Listia angolensis (Microvirga). Specificity for rhizobial species/symbiovar appears to hold for Galega officinalis (Neorhizobium galegeae sv. officinalis), Galega orientalis (Neorhizobium galegeae sv. orientalis), Hedysarum coronarium (Rhizobium sullae), Medicago laciniata (Ensifer meliloti sv. medicaginis), Medicago rigiduloides (Ensifer meliloti sv. rigiduloides) and Trifolium ambiguum (Rhizobium leguminosarum sv. trifolii). Lateral gene transfer of specific symbiosis genes within rhizobial genera is an important mechanism allowing legumes to form symbioses with rhizobia adapted to particular soils. Strain-specific legume rhizobia symbioses can develop in particular habitats.
Thermal Condensation of Glycine and Alanine on Metal Ferrite Surface: Primitive Peptide Bond Formation Scenario
Authors: Iqubal Md. , Sharma Rachana , Jheeta Sohan , Kamaluddin
Published: March 2017

The amino acid condensation reaction on a heterogeneous mineral surface has been regarded as one of the important pathways for peptide bond formation. Keeping this in view, we have studied the oligomerization of the simple amino acids, glycine and alanine, on nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4), cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4), copper ferrite (CuFe2O4), zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4), and manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) nanoparticles surfaces, in the temperature range from 50–120 °C for 1–35 days, without applying any wetting/drying cycles. Among the metal ferrites tested for their catalytic activity, NiFe2O4 produced the highest yield of products by oligomerizing glycine to the trimer level and alanine to the dimer level, whereas MnFe2O4 was the least efficient catalyst, producing the lowest yield of products, as well as shorter oligomers of amino acids under the same set of experimental conditions. It produced primarily diketopiperazine (Ala) with a trace amount of alanine dimer from alanine condensation, while glycine was oligomerized to the dimer level. The trend in product formation is in accordance with the surface area of the minerals used. A temperature as low as 50 °C can even favor peptide bond formation in the present study, which is important in the sense that the condensation process is highly feasible without any sort of localized heat that may originate from volcanoes or hydrothermal vents. However, at a high temperature of 120 °C, anhydrides of glycine and alanine formation are favored, while the optimum temperature for the highest yield of product formation was found to be 90 °C.
A Photoluminescence Study of the Changes Induced in the Zinc White Pigment by Formation of Zinc Complexes
Authors: Artesani Alessia , Gherardi Francesca , Nevin Austin , Valentini Gianluca , Comelli Daniela
Published: March 2017

It is known that oil paintings containing zinc white are subject to rapid degradation. This is caused by the interaction between the active groups of binder and the metal ions of the pigment, which gives rise to the formation of new zinc complexes (metal soaps). Ongoing studies on zinc white paints have been limited to the chemical mechanisms that lead to the formation of zinc complexes. On the contrary, little is known of the photo-physical changes induced in the zinc oxide crystal structure following this interaction. Time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy has been applied to follow modifications in the luminescent zinc white pigment when mixed with binder. Significant changes in trap state photoluminescence emissions have been detected: the enhancement of a blue emission combined with a change of the decay kinetic of the well-known green emission. Complementary data from molecular analysis of paints using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms the formation of zinc carboxylates and corroborates the mechanism for zinc complexes formation. We support the hypothesis that zinc ions migrate into binder creating novel vacancies, affecting the photoluminescence intensity and lifetime properties of zinc oxide. Here, we further demonstrate the advantages of a time-resolved photoluminescence approach for studying defects in semiconductor pigments.