bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(Invited) XAFS of Rare Earth Elements in Amorphous Silicon Alloys: What Do We Know about the Local Structure?
Authors: Tessler Leandro R. , Bosco Giacomo Ferreira
Published: September 2016

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (both XANES, X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure and EXAFS, Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure) is a powerful tool to determine the chemical environment of selected elements in solids. In this paper we present results obtained for the rare earth elements Eu and Tb in hydrogenated amorphous silicon alloys. Whenever possible, rare earth atoms coordinate to oxygen present in environments that depend on the host and can be very distorted. Annealing at high enough temperatures makes the coordination evolve towards oxide-like 6-fold environments. Europium is a special case. It may assume either 2+ or 3+ oxidation states. The X-ray absorption peaks can be used to determine the relative concentration of each. When the concentration is above 4 at% it is possible to completely oxidize the Eu2+ ions by annealing in an oxygen atmosphere. Efficient luminescence of the 3+ ions is associated with low coordinated oxygen environments. This environment does not change significantly at the relatively low annealing temperatures (up to 500°C) that maximize photoluminescence. The main effects of the annealing are not related to the rare earth chemical neighborhood.
Ion Mobility in Concentrated Electrolytes Studied by AC-Impedance: An Experimental Approach for Measuring Membrane Potentials
Authors: Pattnaik Ritesh , Munoz Andres Gabriel
Published: September 2016

In this work, the ac-impedance of electrolytes contained in long tubes connecting two blocking electrodes is explored as a method to measure the ion mobility of aqueous solutions of salts of the oceanic system (Na-K-Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4-H2O) in a wide concentration range. Different physical models to be used for computing the density and the mobility of ions from the impedance spectra are discussed. It is shown, that models fail in describing the low frequency behavior, dominated by the dynamic of the space charge layer at the electrode surface which contains information about the density of mobile charge carriers. A semi-empirical procedure is proposed.
Glycine prevents metabolic steatohepatitis in diabetic KK-Ay mice through modulation of hepatic innate immunity
Authors: Takashima Shiori , Ikejima Kenichi , Arai Kumiko , Yokokawa Junko , Kon Kazuyoshi , Yamashina Shunhei , Watanabe Sumio
Published: September 2016

Strategies for prevention and treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis remain to be established. We evaluated the effect of glycine on metabolic steatohepatitis in genetically obese, diabetic KK-Ay mice. Male KK-Ay mice were fed a diet containing 5% glycine for 4 wk, and liver pathology was evaluated. Hepatic mRNA levels for lipid-regulating molecules, cytokines/chemokines, and macrophage M1/M2 markers were determined by real-time RT-PCR. Hepatic expression of natural killer (NK) T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Body weight gain was significantly blunted and development of hepatic steatosis and inflammatory infiltration were remarkably prevented in mice fed the glycine-containing diet compared with controls. Indeed, hepatic induction levels of molecules related to lipogenesis were largely blunted in the glycine diet-fed mice. Elevations of hepatic mRNA levels for TNFα and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 were also remarkably blunted in the glycine diet-fed mice. Furthermore, suppression of hepatic NK T cells was reversed in glycine diet-fed KK-Ay mice, and basal hepatic expression levels of NK T cell-derived cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-13, were increased. Moreover, hepatic mRNA levels of arginase-1, a marker of macrophage M2 transformation, were significantly increased in glycine diet-fed mice. In addition, dietary glycine improved glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinemia in KK-Ay mice. These observations clearly indicate that glycine prevents maturity-onset obesity and metabolic steatohepatitis in genetically diabetic KK-Ay mice. The underlying mechanisms most likely include normalization of hepatic innate immune responses involving NK T cells and M2 transformation of Kupffer cells. It is proposed that glycine is a promising immunonutrient for prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome-related nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Skeletal muscle power and fatigue at the tolerable limit of ramp-incremental exercise in COPD
Authors: Cannon Daniel T. , Coelho Ana Claudia , Cao Robert , Cheng Andrew , Porszasz Janos , Casaburi Richard , Rossiter Harry B.
Published: September 2016

Muscle fatigue (a reduced power for a given activation) is common following exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Whether muscle fatigue, and reduced maximal voluntary locomotor power, are sufficient to limit whole body exercise in COPD is unknown. We hypothesized in COPD: 1) exercise is terminated with a locomotor muscle power reserve; 2) reduction in maximal locomotor power is related to ventilatory limitation; and 3) muscle fatigue at intolerance is less than age-matched controls. We used a rapid switch from hyperbolic to isokinetic cycling to measure the decline in peak isokinetic power at the limit of incremental exercise (“performance fatigue”) in 13 COPD patients (FEV1 49 ± 17%pred) and 12 controls. By establishing the baseline relationship between muscle activity and isokinetic power, we apportioned performance fatigue into the reduction in muscle activation and muscle fatigue. Peak isokinetic power at intolerance was ~130% of peak incremental power in controls (274 ± 73 vs. 212 ± 84 W, P < 0.05), but ~260% in COPD patients (187 ± 141 vs. 72 ± 34 W, P < 0.05), greater than controls ( P < 0.05). Muscle fatigue as a fraction of baseline peak isokinetic power was not different in COPD patients vs. controls (0.11 ± 0.20 vs. 0.19 ± 0.11). Baseline to intolerance, the median frequency of maximal isokinetic muscle activity, was unchanged in COPD patients but reduced in controls (+4.3 ± 11.6 vs. −5.5 ± 7.6%, P < 0.05). Performance fatigue as a fraction of peak incremental power was greater in COPD vs. controls and related to resting (FEV1/FVC) and peak exercise (V̇E/maximal voluntary ventilation) pulmonary function ( r2 = 0.47 and 0.55, P < 0.05). COPD patients are more fatigable than controls, but this fatigue is insufficient to constrain locomotor power and define exercise intolerance.
Three-dimensional ocular kinematics underlying binocular single vision
Authors: Hess Bernhard J. M. , Misslisch H.
Published: September 2016

We have analyzed the binocular coordination of the eyes during far-to-near refixation saccades based on the evaluation of distance ratios and angular directions of the projected target images relative to the eyes' rotation centers. By defining the geometric point of binocular single vision, called Helmholtz point, we found that disparities during fixations of targets at near distances were limited in the subject's three-dimensional visual field to the vertical and forward directions. These disparities collapsed to simple vertical disparities in the projective binocular image plane. Subjects were able to perfectly fuse the vertically disparate target images with respect to the projected Helmholtz point of single binocular vision, independent of the particular location relative to the horizontal plane of regard. Target image fusion was achieved by binocular torsion combined with corrective modulations of the differential half-vergence angles of the eyes in the horizontal plane. Our findings support the notion that oculomotor control combines vergence in the horizontal plane of regard with active torsion in the frontal plane to achieve fusion of the dichoptic binocular target images.
Response of Mouse Zygotes Treated with Mild Hydrogen Peroxide as a Model to Reveal Novel Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress‐Induced Injury in Early Embryos
Authors: Qian Diting , Li Zhiling , Zhang Yuting , Huang Yue , Wu Que , Ru Gaizhen , Chen Man , Wang Bin
Published: September 2016

Our study aimed to develop embryo models to evaluate the impact of oxidative stress on embryo development. Mouse zygotes, which stayed at G1 phase, were treated with prepared culture medium (containing 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, or 0.1 mM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)) for 30 min in experiment 1. The dose‐effects of H2O2 on embryo development were investigated via comparisons of the formation rate at each stage (2‐ and 4‐cell embryos and blastocysts). Experiment 2 was carried out to compare behaviors of embryos in a mild oxidative‐stressed status (0.03 mM H2O2) with those in a control (0 mM H2O2). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, variation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), expression of γH2AX, and cell apoptosis rate of blastocyst were detected. We observed a dose‐dependent decrease on cleavage and blastocyst rates. Besides, higher level of ROS, rapid reduction of MMP, and the appearance of γH2AX revealed that embryos are injured early in mild oxidative stress. Additionally, γH2AX may involve during DNA damage response in early embryos. And the apoptotic rate of blastocyst may significantly increase when DNA damage repair is inadequate. Most importantly, our research provides embryo models to study cell cycle regulation and DNA damage response under condition of different levels of oxidative stress.
Effect of Plasma, RF, and RIE Treatments on Properties of Double-Sided High Voltage Solar Cells with Vertically Aligned p-n Junctions
Authors: Semenenko Mykola O. , Dusheiko Mykhailo G. , Mamykin Sergiy V. , Ganus Valeriy O. , Kirichenko Mykhailo V. , Zaitsev Roman V. , Kharchenko Mykola M. , Klyui N. I.
Published: September 2016

Si-based solar cells with vertically aligned p-n junctions operating at high voltage were designed and fabricated. The plasma treatments and antireflection coating deposition on the working surfaces of both single- and multijunction cells were made using the special holders. It was shown that additional treatment of solar cells in argon plasma prior to hydrogen plasma treatment and deposition of diamond-like carbon antireflection films led to the improvement of the cell efficiency by up to 60%. Radio frequency waves support plasma generation and improve photoelectric conversion mainly due to reduction of internal stresses at the interfaces. Application of reactive ion etching technique removes the broken layer, reduces elastic strain in the wafer, decreases recombination of charge carriers in the bulk, and provides cell efficiency increase by up to ten times.
A Novel Technique for Conjunctivoplasty in a Rabbit Model: Platelet-Rich Fibrin Membrane Grafting
Authors: Can Mehmet Erol , Çakmak Hasan Basri , Dereli Can Gamze , Ünverdi Hatice , Toklu Yasin , Hücemenoğlu Sema
Published: September 2016

Purpose. To investigate the effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane on wound healing.Methods. Twenty-four right eyes of 24 New Zealand rabbits equally divided into 2 groups for the study design. After the creation of 5 × 5 mm conjunctival damage, it was secured with PRF membrane, which was generated from the rabbit’s whole blood samples in PRF membrane group, whereas damage was left unsutured in the control group. Three animals were sacrificed in each group on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, and 28th postoperative days. Immunohistochemical (IHC) stainings and biomicroscopic evaluation were performed and compared between groups.Results. PRF membrane generated significant expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in the early postoperative period. However, the IHC evaluation allowed showing the excessive staining at day 28, in control group. Biomicroscopic evaluation revealed complete epithelialization in PRF membrane group, but none of the cases showed complete healing in the control group.Conclusions. This experimental study showed us the beneficial effects of the PRF membrane on conjunctival healing. Besides its chemical effects, it provides mechanical support as a scaffold for the migrating cells that are important for ocular surface regeneration. These overall results encourage us to apply autologous PRF membrane as a growth factor-enriched endogenous scaffold for ocular surface reconstruction.
Study on Complex Advertising and Price Competition Dual-Channel Supply Chain Models Considering the Overconfidence Manufacturer
Authors: Ma Junhai , Li Qiuxiang , Bao Binshuo
Published: September 2016

In order to explore how the manufacturers make decisions when two manufacturers compete for local advertising investment, we examine two noncooperative models (Stackelberg and Nash game) and propose a cost sharing contract to investigate channel competition of dual-channel supply chain. The dominant power between manufacturer and retailer and the effect of channel competition strategy on price are mainly discussed. In addition, dynamic system concepts are integrated into Stackelberg game model based on bounded rational mechanism. We analyze the local stability and find that the stability level of the dual-channel supply chains depends crucially on the price adjustment speed, the level of demand uncertainty, and the risk preference. The outcome shows that, under the master-slave game model, the profits of manufacturers are greater than that under decentralized decision-making mode, and the profits of retailers under master-slave game model are less than that under decentralized decision-making mode. The profits of manufacturers and retailers in the stable region are greater than that in unstable region. Finally, the delay feedback control method is utilized and effectively controls the chaotic behavior of dual-channel supply chain model. The results have theoretical and practical significance for the game models in terms of advertising and price competition.
Web‐Based Evaluation System to Measure Learning Effectiveness in Kampo Medicine
Authors: Iizuka Norio , Usuku Koichiro , Nakae Hajime , Segawa Makoto , Wang Yue , Ogashiwa Kahori , Fujita Yusuke , Ogihara Hiroyuki , Tazuma Susumu , Hamamoto Yoshihiko
Published: September 2016

Measuring the learning effectiveness of Kampo Medicine (KM) education is challenging. The aim of this study was to develop a web‐based test to measure the learning effectiveness of KM education among medical students (MSs). We used an open‐source Moodle platform to test 30 multiple‐choice questions classified into 8‐type fields (eight basic concepts of KM) including “qi‐blood‐fluid” and “five‐element” theories, on 117 fourth‐year MSs. The mean (±standard deviation [SD]) score on the web‐based test was 30.2 ± 11.9 (/100). The correct answer rate ranged from 17% to 36%. A pattern‐based portfolio enabled these rates to be individualized in terms of KM proficiency. MSs with scores higher (n = 19) or lower (n = 14) than mean ± 1SD were defined as high or low achievers, respectively. Cluster analysis using the correct answer rates for the 8‐type field questions revealed clear divisions between high and low achievers. Interestingly, each high achiever had a different proficiency pattern. In contrast, three major clusters were evident among low achievers, all of whom responded with a low percentage of or no correct answers. In addition, a combination of three questions accurately classified high and low achievers. These findings suggest that our web‐based test allows individual quantitative assessment of the learning effectiveness of KM education among MSs.
Neoadjuvant Therapy in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Dang Rajan P. , McFarland Daniel , Le Valerie H. , Camille Nadia , Miles Brett A. , Teng Marita S. , Genden Eric M. , Misiukiewicz Krzysztof J.
Published: September 2016

Objectives. Invasion of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) into surrounding structures can lead to morbid procedures such as laryngectomy and tracheal resection. In these patients, there is a potential role for neoadjuvant therapy.Methods. We identified three studies involving the treatment of DTC with neoadjuvant chemotherapy: two from Slovenia and one from Japan.Results. These studies demonstrate that in selected situations, neoadjuvant chemotherapy can have a good response and allow for a more complete surgical resection, the treatment of DTC. Additionally, the SELECT trial shows that the targeted therapy lenvatinib is effective in the treatment of DTC and could be useful as neoadjuvant therapy for this disease due to its short time to response. Pazopanib has also demonstrated promise in phase II data.Conclusions. Thus, chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting could possibly be useful for managing advanced DTC. Additionally, some of the new tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) hold promise for use in the neoadjuvant setting in DTC.
Manipulation of Ovarian Function Significantly Influenced Sarcopenia in Postreproductive-Age Mice
Authors: Peterson Rhett L. , Parkinson Kate C. , Mason Jeffrey B.
Published: September 2016

Previously, transplantation of ovaries from young cycling mice into old postreproductive-age mice increased life span. We anticipated that the same factors that increased life span could also influence health span. Female CBA/J mice received new (60 d) ovaries at 12 and 17 months of age and were evaluated at 16 and 25 months of age, respectively. There were no significant differences in body weight among any age or treatment group. The percentage of fat mass was significantly increased at 13 and 16 months of age but was reduced by ovarian transplantation in 16-month-old mice. The percentages of lean body mass and total body water were significantly reduced in 13-month-old control mice but were restored in 16- and 25-month-old recipient mice by ovarian transplantation to the levels found in six-month-old control mice. In summary, we have shown that skeletal muscle mass, which is negatively influenced by aging, can be positively influenced or restored by reestablishment of active ovarian function in aged female mice. These findings provide strong incentive for further investigation of the positive influence of young ovaries on restoration of health in postreproductive females.
Serum Cytokines Th1, Th2, and Th17 Expression Profiling in Active Lupus Nephritis-IV: From a Southern Chinese Han Population
Authors: Sigdel Keshav Raj , Duan Lihua , Wang Yin , Hu Weiping , Wang Ning , Sun Qingyi , Liu Qingyan , Liu Xiaocong , Hou Xianghua , Cheng Ao , Shi Guixiu , Zhang Yanlin
Published: September 2016

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by aberrant T cell immune response. Diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis (LN-IV) is the most common, severe, and active form of lupus nephritis. In this study, we investigated the production of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines in prediction of active form of LN-IV. ProcartaPlex multiplex immunoassays panels were used for detection of serum Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines profiling. Th1 and Th17 cytokines (IL-18, IFN-γ, IL-12p70, IL-6, and IL-17A) were considerably expressed in the serum of lupus nephritis IV patients in comparison to the healthy control. However, only IL18 and IL6 were higher in class IV versus class III lupus nephritis. Importantly, the ratios of Th1/Th2 (IL-18/IL-4) and Th17/Th2 (IL-17A/IL-4) were significantly elevated in LN-IV when compared with LN-III, LN-V, and healthy controls. Consistently, the serum cytokines IL-18, IL-17A, and IFN-γwere markedly expressed in LN-IV patient glomeruli and interstitial tissue compared to other classes of LN by IHC. ROC further suggests that IL-18 was a potential marker for LN-IV. The data from our study suggests that the early detection and quantification of these cytokines may help in prediction of active form of LN-IV.
Fuzzy Prediction for Traffic Flow Based on Delta Test
Authors: Wang Yang , Chen Yanyan , Lai Jianhui
Published: September 2016

This paper presents a novel approach to one-step-forward prediction of traffic flow based on fuzzy reasoning. The successful construction of a competent fuzzy inference system of Sugeno type largely relies on proper choice of input dimension and accurate estimation of structure parameters and rules. The first issue is addressed with a proposed method, based onδ-test, which can simultaneously determine input dimension and reduce noise level. In response to the second issue, two clustering techniques, based on nearest-neighbor clustering and Gaussian mixture models, are successively employed to determine the antecedent parameters and rules, and the estimation for the consequent parameters is achieved by the least square estimation technique. A number of experiments have been performed on the one-week data of traffic flow to evaluate the proposed approach in terms of denosing, prediction performances, overfitting, and so forth. The experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed prediction approach is effective in removing noise and constructing a competent and compact fuzzy inference system without significant overfitting.
Gallbladder Volvulus in a Patient with Type I Choledochal Cyst: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Younan George , Schumm Max , Ali Fadwa , Christians Kathleen K.
Published: September 2016

Introduction.Gallbladder volvulus is a rare, potentially fatal condition unless diagnosed and treated early. Choledochal cysts are rare congenital malformations of the biliary tree predisposing to different pathologies and posing the risk of degradation into cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer. Dealing with both diseases at once has not been published yet in the literature.Presentation of Case.We report a case of gallbladder volvulus in an elderly female who happened to have a concomitant type I choledochal cyst. Treatment was achieved with a cholecystectomy and observation and follow-up of the choledochal cyst.Discussion.Prompt diagnosis and surgical management of gallbladder volvulus is important to avoid the morbidity and mortality of gangrenous cholecystitis and biliary peritonitis in a frail old population of patients. Precise clinical diagnosis, supplemented with specific imaging clues, helps in the diagnosis. Management of choledochal cysts is also surgical; however the timing of surgery is still a matter of debate.Conclusion.We describe in this report the first case of gallbladder volvulus in a patient with a choledochal cyst and propose a management algorithm of a very rare biliary tree pathology combination.
Towards a Rational Design of Zeolite-Polymer Composite Nanofibers for Efficient Adsorption of Creatinine
Authors: Takai Ryo , Kurimoto Rio , Nakagawa Yasuhiro , Kotsuchibashi Yohei , Namekawa Koki , Ebara Mitsuhiro
Published: September 2016

This report describes the compositional and structural design strategy of a zeolite-polymer composite nanofiber mesh for the efficient removal of uremic toxins towards blood purification application. The nanofiber is fabricated by electrospinning composite solution of biocompatible poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (EVOH) and zeolite particles which are capable of selectively adsorbing uremic toxins such as creatinine. By controlling electrospinning conditions carefully, the incorporated zeolites in EVOH were found to correspond closely to the feed ratios. Elemental mapping images of Si show that zeolites were uniformly blended within the fibers. The fabricated composite fibers successfully adsorbed creatinine from solution and the adsorption capacity reached a maximum at 12 h. The crystallinity of the nanofiber was also controlled by varying the composition of ethylene content in EVOH. Less crystallinity resulted in higher creatinine adsorption capacity due to the barrier property of EVOH. Cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that the composite fibers showed less toxicity than free zeolite particles which killed more than 95% of cells. The proposed composite fibers, therefore, have the potential to be utilized as a new approach to removing creatinine selectively from the bloodstream.
Investigating Phase Transform Behavior in Indium Selenide Based RAM and Its Validation as a Memory Element
Authors: Sourav Swapnil , Krishna Dwivedi Amit , Islam Aminul
Published: September 2016

Phase transform properties of Indium Selenide (In2Se3) based Random Access Memory (RAM) have been explored in this paper. Phase change random access memory (PCRAM) is an attractive solid-state nonvolatile memory that possesses potential to meet various current technology demands of memory design. Already reported PCRAM models are mainly based upon Germanium-Antimony-Tellurium (Ge2Sb2Te5 or GST) materials as their prime constituents. However, PCRAM using GST material lacks some important memory attributes required for memory elements such as larger resistance margin between the highly resistive amorphous and highly conductive crystalline states in phase change materials. This paper investigates various electrical and compositional properties of the Indium Selenide (In2Se3) material and also draws comparison with its counterpart mainly focusing on phase transform properties. To achieve this goal, a SPICE model of In2Se3 based PCRAM model has been reported in this work. The reported model has been also validated to act as a memory cell by associating it with a read/write circuit proposed in this work. Simulation results demonstrate impressive retentivity and low power consumption by requiring a set pulse of 208 μA for a duration of 100 μs to set the PCRAM in crystalline state. Similarly, a reset pulse of 11.7 μA for a duration of 20 ns can set the PCRAM in amorphous state. Modeling of In2Se3 based PCRAM has been done in Verilog-A and simulation results have been extensively verified using SPICE simulator.
Blue Laser Imaging-Bright Improves Endoscopic Recognition of Superficial Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Tomie Akira , Dohi Osamu , Yagi Nobuaki , Kitae Hiroaki , Majima Atsushi , Horii Yusuke , Kitaichi Tomoko , Onozawa Yuriko , Suzuki Kentaro , Kimura-Tsuchiya Reiko , Okayama Tetsuya , Yoshida Naohisa , Kamada Kazuhiro , Katada Kazuhiro , Uchiyama Kazuhiko , Ishikawa Takeshi , Takagi Tomohisa , Handa Osamu , Konishi Hideyuki , Naito Yuji , Itoh Yoshito
Published: September 2016

Background/Aims. The aim of this study was to evaluate the endoscopic recognition of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) using four different methods (Olympus white light imaging (O-WLI), Fujifilm white light imaging (F-WLI), narrow band imaging (NBI), and blue laser imaging- (BLI-) bright).Methods.We retrospectively analyzed 25 superficial ESCCs that had been examined using the four different methods. Subjective evaluation was provided by three endoscopists as a ranking score (RS) of each image based on the ease of detection of the cancerous area. For the objective evaluation we calculated the color difference scores (CDS) between the cancerous and noncancerous areas with each of the four methods.Results. There was no difference between the mean RS of O-WLI and F-WLI. The mean RS of NBI was significantly higher than that of O-WLI and that of BLI-bright was significantly higher than that of F-WLI. Moreover, the mean RS of BLI-bright was significantly higher than that of NBI. Furthermore, in the objective evaluation, the mean CDS of BLI-bright was significantly higher than that of O-WLI, F-WLI, and NBI.Conclusion. The recognition of superficial ESCC using BLI-bright was more efficacious than the other methods tested both subjectively and objectively.
Certain Concepts inm-Polar Fuzzy Graph Structures
Authors: Akram Muhammad , Alshehri Noura , Akmal Rabia
Published: September 2016

We apply the concept ofm-polar fuzzy sets to graph structures. We introduce certain concepts inm-polar fuzzy graph structures, including strongm-polar fuzzy graph structure,m-polar fuzzyDi-cycle,m-polar fuzzyDi-tree,m-polar fuzzyDi-cut vertex, andm-polar fuzzyDi-bridge, and we illustrate these concepts by several examples. We present the notions ofϕ-complement of anm-polar fuzzy graph structure and self-complementary, strong self-complementary, totally strong self-complementarym-polar fuzzy graph structures, and we investigate some of their properties.
Sufficient Sample Size and Power in Multilevel Ordinal Logistic Regression Models
Authors: Ali Sabz , Ali Amjad , Khan Sajjad Ahmad , Hussain Sundas
Published: September 2016

For most of the time, biomedical researchers have been dealing with ordinal outcome variable in multilevel models where patients are nested in doctors. We can justifiably apply multilevel cumulative logit model, where the outcome variable represents the mild, severe, and extremely severe intensity of diseases like malaria and typhoid in the form of ordered categories. Based on our simulation conditions, Maximum Likelihood (ML) method is better than Penalized Quasilikelihood (PQL) method in three-category ordinal outcome variable. PQL method, however, performs equally well as ML method where five-category ordinal outcome variable is used. Further, to achieve power more than 0.80, at least 50 groups are required for both ML and PQL methods of estimation. It may be pointed out that, for five-category ordinal response variable model, the power of PQL method is slightly higher than the power of ML method.
Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: What Polyphenols Can Do for Us?
Authors: Hussain Tarique , Tan Bie , Yin Yulong , Blachier Francois , Tossou Myrlene C. B. , Rahu Najma
Published: September 2016

Oxidative stress is viewed as an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their elimination by protective mechanisms, which can lead to chronic inflammation. Oxidative stress can activate a variety of transcription factors, which lead to the differential expression of some genes involved in inflammatory pathways. The inflammation triggered by oxidative stress is the cause of many chronic diseases. Polyphenols have been proposed to be useful as adjuvant therapy for their potential anti‐inflammatory effect, associated with antioxidant activity, and inhibition of enzymes involved in the production of eicosanoids. This review aims at exploring the properties of polyphenols in anti‐inflammation and oxidation and the mechanisms of polyphenols inhibiting molecular signaling pathways which are activated by oxidative stress, as well as the possible roles of polyphenols in inflammation‐mediated chronic disorders. Such data can be helpful for the development of future antioxidant therapeutics and new anti‐inflammatory drugs.
Does Extending the Waiting Time of Low-Rectal Cancer Surgery after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation Increase the Perioperative Complications?
Authors: Timudom Kittinut , Phothong Natthawut , Akaraviputh Thawatchai , Chinswangwatanakul Vitoon , Pongpaibul Ananya , Petsuksiri Janjira , Ithimakin Suthinee , Trakarnsanga Atthaphorn
Published: September 2016

Background.Traditionally, rectal cancer surgery is recommended 6 to 8 weeks after completing neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Extending the waiting time may increase the tumor response rate. However, the perioperative complication rate may increase. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between extending the waiting time of surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiation and perioperative outcomes.Methods. Sixty patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by radical resection at Siriraj hospital between June 2012 and January 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic data and perioperative outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results. The two groups were comparable in term of demographic parameters. The mean time interval from neoadjuvant chemoradiation to surgery was 6.4 weeks in Group A and 11.7 weeks in Group B. The perioperative outcomes were not significantly different between Groups A and B. Pathologic examination showed a significantly higher rate of circumferential margin positivity in Group A than in Group B (30% versus 9.3%, resp.;P=0.04).Conclusions. Extending the waiting to >8 weeks from neoadjuvant chemoradiation to surgery did not increase perioperative complications, whereas the rate of circumferential margin positivity decreased.
On a Five-Dimensional Nonautonomous Schistosomiasis Model with Latent Period
Authors: Gao Shujing , Dai Yanfei , Xie Dehui
Published: September 2016

A five-dimensional nonautonomous schistosomiasis model which include latent period is proposed and studied. By constructing several auxiliary functions and using some skills, we obtain some sufficient conditions for the extinction and permanence (uniform persistence) of infectious population of the model. New threshold values of integral form are obtained. For the corresponding autonomous schistosomiasis model, our results are consistent with the past results. For the periodic and almost periodic cases, some corollaries for the extinction and permanence of the disease are established. In order to illustrate our theoretical analysis, some numerical simulations are presented.
Suicidal Ideation, Attempt, and Determining Factors among HIV/AIDS Patients, Ethiopia
Authors: Bitew Huluagresh , Andargie Gashaw , Tadesse Agitu , Belete Amsalu , Fekadu Wubalem , Mekonen Tesfa
Published: September 2016

Background. Suicide is a serious cause of mortality worldwide and is considered as a psychiatric emergency. Suicide is more frequent in peoples living with HIV/AIDS than in general population.Objective. To assess the proportion and determining factors of suicidal ideation and attempt among peoples living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia.Methods. Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2015 by selecting 393 participants using systematic random sampling technique. Suicide manual of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to collect data. Logistic regression was carried out and odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals was computed.Results. The proportion of suicidal ideation and attempt was 33.6% and 20.1%, respectively. Female sex (AOR = 2.6, 95%CI: 1.27–5.22), marital status (AOR = 13.5, 95%CI: 4.69–39.13), depression (AOR = 17.0, 95%CI: 8.76–33.26), CD4 level (AOR = 2.57, 95%CI: 1.34–4.90), and presence of opportunistic infection (AOR = 5.23, 95%CI: 2.51–10.88) were associated with suicidal ideation, whereas marital status (AOR = 8.44, 95%CI: 3.117–22.84), perceived HIV stigma (AOR = 2.9, 95%CI: 1.45–5.99), opportunistic infection (AOR = 2.37, 95%CI: 1.18–4.76), and poor social support (AOR = 2.9, 95%CI: 1.58–5.41) were significantly associated with suicidal attempt.Conclusion. Suicidal ideation and attempt were high among HIV positive patients. Therefore early screening, treatment, and referral of suicidal patients are necessary in HIV clinics.
Micromagnetic Simulation of Strain-Assisted Current-Induced Magnetization Switching
Authors: Huang H. B. , Zhao C. P. , Ma X. Q.
Published: September 2016

We investigated the effect of substrate misfit strain on the current-induced magnetization switching in magnetic tunnel junctions by combining micromagnetic simulation with phase-field microelasticity theory. Our results indicate that the positive substrate misfit strain can decrease the critical current density of magnetization switching by pushing the magnetization from out-of-plane to in-plane directions, while the negative strain pushes the magnetization back to the out-of-plane directions. The magnetic domain evolution is obtained to demonstrate the strain-assisted current-induced magnetization switching.
Comparison of Electroacupuncture and Moxibustion for Relieving Visceral Hypersensitivity in Rats with Constipation‐Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Zhao Ji-Meng , Chen Liu , Zhou Ci-Li , Shi Yin , Li Yu-Wei , Shang Hai-Xia , Wu Lu-Yi , Bao Chun-Hui , Dou Chuan-Zi , Wu Huan-Gan
Published: September 2016

Aim. To compare whether there is different effect between electroacupuncture (EA) and moxibustion (Mox) on visceral hypersensitivity (their analgesic effects) in constipation‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome (C‐IBS). Methods. EA at 1 mA and 3 mA and Mox at 43°C and 46°C were applied to the Shangjuxu (ST37, bilateral) acupoint in rats with C‐IBS and normal rats. An abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) score was used to assess visceral hypersensitivity. Toluidine blue staining was used to assess mast cell (MC) activity in colon of rats. Immunochemistry was used to measure 5‐HT and 5‐HT4 receptor expression in the colon. Results. AWR scores in all EA (1 mA and 3 mA) and Mox (43°C and 46°C) treatment groups after colorectal distention (CRD) stimulation pressure of 20, 40, 60, and 80 mmHg were significantly lower than those of the model (MC) group (P all < 0.01). The MC counts and degranulation rates in the colon of all EA and Mox treatment groups and the MC group were significantly higher than those of the NC group (P all < 0.01). MC degranulation rates in the colon of all EA and Mox treatment groups were lower than those of the MC group (P all < 0.05). 5‐HT expression in colon of all EA and Mox treatment groups was significantly lower than that of the MC group (P all < 0.01), and 5‐HT4R expression in colon of both EA groups was significantly higher than that of the MC group (P both < 0.01). Conclusion. EA and Mox treatments may both ameliorate visceral hypersensitivity at different degree in rats with C‐IBS, and EA treatment was better than Mox.
A Recurrent ERCC3 Truncating Mutation Confers Moderate Risk for Breast Cancer
Authors: Vijai Joseph , Topka Sabine , Villano Danylo , Ravichandran Vignesh , Maxwell Kara N. , Maria Ann , Thomas Tinu , Gaddam Pragna , Lincoln Anne , Kazzaz Sarah , Wenz Brandon , Carmi Shai , Schrader Kasmintan A. , Hart Steven N. , Lipkin Steve M. , Neuhausen Susan L. , Walsh Michael F. , Zhang Liying , Lejbkowicz Flavio , Rennert Hedy , Stadler Zsofia K. , Robson Mark , Weitzel Jeffrey N. , Domchek Susan , Daly Mark J. , Couch Fergus J. , Nathanson Katherine L. , Norton Larry , Rennert Gad , Offit Kenneth
Published: September 2016

Known gene mutations account for approximately 50% of the hereditary risk for breast cancer. Moderate and low penetrance variants, discovered by genomic approaches, account for an as-yet-unknown proportion of the remaining heritability. A truncating mutation c.325C>T:p.Arg109* (R109X) in the ATP-dependent helicase ERCC3 was observed recurrently among exomes sequenced in BRCA wild-type, breast cancer–affected individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry. Modeling of the mutation in ERCC3-deficient or CRISPR/Cas9-edited cell lines showed a consistent pattern of reduced expression of the protein and concomitant hypomorphic functionality when challenged with UVC exposure or treatment with the DNA alkylating agent IlludinS. Overexpressing the mutant protein in ERCC3-deficient cells only partially rescued their DNA repair–deficient phenotype. Comparison of frequency of this recurrent mutation in over 6,500 chromosomes of breast cancer cases and 6,800 Ashkenazi controls showed significant association with breast cancer risk (ORBC = 1.53, ORER+ = 1.73), particularly for the estrogen receptor–positive subset (P < 0.007).

Significance: A functionally significant recurrent ERCC3 mutation increased the risk for breast cancer in a genetic isolate. Mutated cell lines showed lower survival after in vitro exposure to DNA-damaging agents. Thus, similar to tumors arising in the background of homologous repair defects, mutations in nucleotide excision repair genes such as ERCC3 could constitute potential therapeutic targets in a subset of hereditary breast cancers. Cancer Discov; 6(11); 1267–75. ©2016 AACR.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1197
Fetal Myelomeningocele Repair through a Mini-Hysterotomy
Authors: Botelho Rafael Davi , Imada Vanessa , Rodrigues da Costa Karina Jorge , Watanabe Luiz Carlos , Rossi Júnior Ronaldo , De Salles Antônio Afonso Ferreira , Romano Edson , Peralta Cleisson Fábio Andrioli
Published: September 2016

Objective: To present the feasibility of fetal myelomeningocele (MMC) repair through a mini-hysterotomy and to describe the perinatal results from our initial experience. Methods: A descriptive study of cases of fetal MMC correction via mini-hysterotomy performed between 2014 and 2016. Results: Forty-five women underwent fetal surgery and 87% (39/45) delivered. A complete multilayer correction of the MMC was possible in all cases. There were no maternal, fetal or neonatal deaths. No maternal or fetal complications occurred from fetal MMC correction until maternal hospital discharge. The average gestational age (GA) at surgery was 24.5 weeks (standard deviation, SD: 1.7; range: 20.7-26.9). The median hysterotomy length was 3.05 cm (SD: 0.39; range: 2.50-3.50). One patient (1/39; 2.6%) experienced chorioamniotic separation. Nine patients (9/39; 23.1%) had premature preterm rupture of membranes at a median GA of 34.1 weeks (range: 31.1-36.0). The average GA at delivery was 35.3 weeks (SD: 2.2; range: 27.9-39.1). Ninety-five percent (37/39) of our patients had an intact hysterotomy site at delivery. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement was necessary for 7.7% (3/39) of the neonates. Conclusion: Fetal MMC repair is feasible through a mini-hysterotomy. This approach appears to be associated with reduced risks of very preterm delivery and maternal, fetal and neonatal complications.
A stromal cell population in the large intestine identified by tissue factor expression that is lost during colorectal cancer progression
Authors: Asplund Anna , Hegde Geeta , Edqvist Per-Henrik , Navani Sanjay , Pontén Fredrik , Eriksson Oskar , Siegbahn Agneta
Published: September 2016

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and the composition of the tumour stroma is a strong predictor of survival in this cancer type. Tissue factor (TF) functions as the trigger of haemostasis together with its ligand coagulation factor VII/VIIa, and TF expression has been found in tumour cells of colorectal tumours. However, TF expression in the CRC tumour stroma or its relationship to patient outcome has not yet been studied. To address this question we developed and validated a specific anti-TF antibody using standardised methods within the Human Protein Atlas project. We used this antibody to investigate TF expression in normal colorectal tissue and CRC using immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry in two patient cohorts. TF was strongly expressed in a cell population immediately adjacent to the colorectal epithelium. These TF-positive cells were ACTA2-negative but weakly vimentin-positive, defining a specific population of pericryptal sheath cells. In colorectal tumours, TF-positive sheath cells were progressively lost after the adenoma-to-carcinoma transition, demonstrating downregulation of this source of TF in CRC. Furthermore, loss of sheath cell TF was significantly associated with poor overall and disease-specific survival in rectal but not colon cancers. In conclusion, we demonstrate that TF is a marker of a specific cell population in the large intestine, which is lost during CRC progression. Our results highlight the role of the tumour stroma in this cancer type and suggest TF to be a potential prognostic biomarker in rectal cancers through the identification of pericryptal sheath cells.

Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
Evolution of Cognitive Function After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Schoenenberger Andreas W. , Zuber Chantal , Moser André , Zwahlen Marcel , Wenaweser Peter , Windecker Stephan , Carrel Thierry , Stuck Andreas E. , Stortecky Stefan
Published: September 2016

Background—

This study aimed to assess the evolution of cognitive function after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Previous smaller studies reported conflicting results on the evolution of cognitive function after TAVI.

Methods and Results—

In this prospective cohort, cognitive function was measured in 229 patients ≥70 years using the Mini Mental State Examination before and 6 months after TAVI. Cognitive deterioration or improvement was defined as change of ≥3 points decrease or increase in the Mini Mental State Examination score between baseline and follow-up. Cognitive deterioration was found in 29 patients (12.7%). Predictive analysis using logistic regression did not identify any statistically significant predictor of cognitive deterioration. A review of individual medical records in 8 patients with a major Mini Mental State Examination score decrease of ≥5 points revealed specific causes in 6 cases (postinterventional delirium in 2; postinterventional stroke, progressive renal failure, progressive heart failure, or combination of preexisting cerebrovascular disease and mild cognitive impairment in 1 each). Among 48 patients with impaired baseline cognition (Mini Mental State Examination score <26 points), 18 patients (37.5%) cognitively improved. The preinterventional aortic valve area was lower in patients who cognitively improved (median aortic valve area 0.60 cm
2
) as compared with patients who did not improve (median aortic valve area 0.70 cm
2
;
P
=0.01).

Conclusions—

This is the first study providing evidence that TAVI results in cognitive improvement among patients who had impaired preprocedural cognitive function, possibly related to hemodynamic improvement in patients with severe aortic stenosis. Our results confirm that some patients experience cognitive deterioration after TAVI.
Point-of-Care Hemostatic Testing in Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Karkouti Keyvan , Callum Jeannie , Wijeysundera Duminda N. , Rao Vivek , Crowther Mark , Grocott Hilary P. , Pinto Ruxandra , Scales Damon C. , Achen B. , Brar S. , Morrison D. , Wong D. , Bussières J. S. , de Waal T. , Harle C. , de Médicis E. , McAdams †C. , Syed S. , Tran D. , Waters T.
Published: September 2016

Background:

Cardiac surgery is frequently complicated by coagulopathic bleeding that is difficult to optimally manage using standard hemostatic testing. We hypothesized that point-of-care hemostatic testing within the context of an integrated transfusion algorithm would improve the management of coagulopathy in cardiac surgery and thereby reduce blood transfusions.

Methods:

We conducted a pragmatic multicenter stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial of a point-of-care–based transfusion algorithm in consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass at 12 hospitals from October 6, 2014, to May 1, 2015. Following a 1-month data collection at all participating hospitals, a transfusion algorithm incorporating point-of-care hemostatic testing was sequentially implemented at 2 hospitals at a time in 1-month intervals, with the implementation order randomly assigned. No other aspects of care were modified. The primary outcome was red blood cell transfusion from surgery to postoperative day 7. Other outcomes included transfusion of other blood products, major bleeding, and major complications. The analysis adjusted for secular time trends, within-hospital clustering, and patient-level risk factors. All outcomes and analyses were prespecified before study initiation.

Results:

Among the 7402 patients studied, 3555 underwent surgery during the control phase and 3847 during the intervention phase. Overall, 3329 (45.0%) received red blood cells, 1863 (25.2%) received platelets, 1645 (22.2%) received plasma, and 394 (5.3%) received cryoprecipitate. Major bleeding occurred in 1773 (24.1%) patients, and major complications occurred in 740 (10.2%) patients. The trial intervention reduced rates of red blood cell transfusion (adjusted relative risk, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.85–0.98;
P
=0.02; number needed to treat, 24.7), platelet transfusion (relative risk, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.68–0.87;
P
<0.001; number needed to treat, 16.7), and major bleeding (relative risk, 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.72–0.94;
P
=0.004; number needed to treat, 22.6), but had no effect on other blood product transfusions or major complications.

Conclusions:

Implementation of point-of-care hemostatic testing within the context of an integrated transfusion algorithm reduces red blood cell transfusions, platelet transfusions, and major bleeding following cardiac surgery. Our findings support the broader adoption of point-of-care hemostatic testing into clinical practice.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02200419.