bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taxonomic notes on Megalopta Smith, 1853 (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Augochlorini) with a synopsis of the species in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: SANTOS LEANDRO M. , SILVEIRA FERNANDO A.
Published: July 2019

There are twenty-seven described species in the nocturnal bee-genus Megalopta Smith, 1853 (Hymenoptera: Halictidae); of these, 10 were recorded from Brazil but none in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Here, five species of Megalopta are recorded for this state, two of them described as new. Four of these species belong in the subgenus Megalopta Smith s.str.: M. (M.) aegis (Vachal, 1904), M. (M.) amoena (Spinola, 1853), M. (M.) sodalis (Vachal, 1904) and M. (M.) guimaraesi sp.n., and one: M. atlantica sp.n., belongs to the subgenus Noctoraptor Engel, Brooks & Yanega, 1997, which is recorded for the first time for Brazil. A key for the identification of these five species is provided. Based on the examination of the types of species described by H. Friese and J. Vachal, M. ecuadoria Friese, 1926 and M. ochrias (Vachal, 1904) are proposed to be junior synonyms of M. amoena; and M. aethautis (Vachal, 1904) is proposed to be a junior synonym of M. fornix (Vachal, 1904). Lectotypes are designated for M. aeneicollis Friese; 1926, M. armata Friese, 1926; M. boliviensis Friese, 1926; M. cuprea Friese, 1911; and M. sulciventris Friese, 1926. Evidence that Megalopta s.str. is rendered paraphyletic by the recognition of the subgenus Noctoraptor is presented and the potential use of aromatic baits for the inventory of local Megalopta faunas is discussed.
A new species of Cnesterodon (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae) from a small tributary of arroyo Cuñá-Pirú, río Paraná basin, Misiones, Argentina
Authors: AGUILER GASTÓN , MIRAND JUAN MARCOS , DE LAS MERCEDES AZPELICUET MARÍA
Published: July 2019

Cnesterodon pirai new species is described from a small stream, tributary of the arroyo Cuñá-Pirú, río Paraná basin in Argentina. The new species is diagnosed by the following combination of characters: 6 to 8 irregular dashes, ranging from oval to vertical stripes on females and 7 to 9 irregular dashes ranging from oval to circular dots on males; lack of a distal membranous filament on the terminal appendix of ray 3 of the gonopodium; absence of longitudinal dark-brown band along flank; snout long (16.7–28.7 % HL) and pointed; absence of a large post-gonopodium blotch on ventral profile in adult males; absence of dashes along predorsal portion of first, second and third lateral series of scales, associated to the vertical bars on body side; 12–13 epipleural ribs; medial surface of ascending process of premaxilla approximately straight; presence of teeth on fourth ceratobranchial; distal portion of third and fourth gonactinosts separate, except by tip of third gonactinost; fifth gonactinost free; and presence of a constriction on unpaired appendix of gonopodium. In a phylogenetic analysis the new species forms a tricotomy with (Cnesterodon brevirostratus + C. septentrionalis) and (C. hypselurus + C. iguape).
A new species of Japanese oribatid mite, Zachvatkinibates erimo sp. nov., showing sexual dimorphism (Acariformes: Oribatida: Punctoribatidae)
Authors: SHIMANO SATOSHI , AOKI JUN-ICHI
Published: July 2019

A new species of oribatid mite, Zachvatkinibates erimo sp. nov., is described from a sandy beach in Hokkaido, North Japan. The new species exhibits a clear sexual dimorphism, showing enlarged areae porosae on the notogaster of the male. A key is provided to sexually dimorphic species of Zachvatkinibates.
Supplementary descriptions of Pergalumna amamiensis Aoki, 1984 (Acariformes, Galumnoidea) from Ryukyu Islands
Authors: HAGINO WATARU , SHIMANO SATOSHI
Published: July 2019

A species of oribatid mites, Pergalumna amamiensis was collected from Amami-Ohshima Island, Ishigaki Island, and Okinawa Island, Southwestern Japan. The specimens were studied in detail, and supplementary descriptions are provided; these include features of the rostrum, the subcapitulum and the surface pattern of pteromorphs. The main morphological traits for this species are summarized as follows; body length 519–570 μm, body width 363–410 μm, rostral tip pointed, sensillus with a long stalk covered by minute barbs, porose areas Aa bulbous, porose areas A1, A2, and A3 circular, surface of pteromorphs ornamented by fine granular structure and dense wrinkles, fine granular structure on prodorsum, subcapitulum, genital plates and anal plates, median pore on the notogaster represented as single pore.
A new species of Cosmolaelaps Berlese (Acari: Laelapidae) from Ukraine
Authors: JOHARCHI OMID , TRACH VIACHESLAV A.
Published: July 2019

This paper reports on a new species of mites of the genus Cosmolaelaps from Ukraine. Cosmolaelaps sidorchukae sp. nov. was collected from unknown ant’s nest. The new species is described and illustrations provided based on morphological characters of the adult female. A key to all known Ukrainian species of the genus is presented.
Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Large-Scale Environments of Mesoscale Convective Systems East of the Rocky Mountains
Authors: Feng Zhe , Houze Robert A. , Leung L. Ruby , Song Fengfei , Hardin Joseph C. , Wang Jingyu , Gustafson William I. , Homeyer Cameron R.
Published: July 2019

The spatiotemporal variability and three-dimensional structures of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) east of the U.S. Rocky Mountains and their large-scale environments are characterized across all seasons using 13 years of high-resolution radar and satellite observations. Long-lived and intense MCSs account for over 50% of warm season precipitation in the Great Plains and over 40% of cold season precipitation in the southeast. The Great Plains has the strongest MCS seasonal cycle peaking in May–June, whereas in the U.S. southeast MCSs occur year-round. Distinctly different large-scale environments across the seasons have significant impacts on the structure of MCSs. Spring and fall MCSs commonly initiate under strong baroclinic forcing and favorable thermodynamic environments. MCS genesis frequently occurs in the Great Plains near sunset, although convection is not always surface based. Spring MCSs feature both large and deep convection, with a large stratiform rain area and high volume of rainfall. In contrast, summer MCSs often initiate under weak baroclinic forcing, featuring a high pressure ridge with weak low-level convergence acting on the warm, humid air associated with the low-level jet. MCS genesis concentrates east of the Rocky Mountain Front Range and near the southeast coast in the afternoon. The strongest MCS diurnal cycle amplitude extends from the foothills of the Rocky Mountains to the Great Plains. Summer MCSs have the largest and deepest convective features, the smallest stratiform rain area, and the lowest rainfall volume. Last, winter MCSs are characterized by the strongest baroclinic forcing and the largest MCS precipitation features over the southeast. Implications of the findings for climate modeling are discussed.
Not All Information Is Equal: Effects of Disclosing Different Types of Likelihood Information on Trust, Compliance and Reliance, and Task Performance in Human-Automation Teaming
Authors: Du Na , Huang Kevin Y. , Yang X. Jessie
Published: July 2019

Objective

The study examines the effects of disclosing different types of likelihood information on human operators’ trust in automation, their compliance and reliance behaviors, and the human-automation team performance.

Background

To facilitate appropriate trust in and dependence on automation, explicitly conveying the likelihood of automation success has been proposed as one solution. Empirical studies have been conducted to investigate the potential benefits of disclosing likelihood information in the form of automation reliability, (un)certainty, and confidence. Yet, results from these studies are rather mixed.

Method

We conducted a human-in-the-loop experiment with 60 participants using a simulated surveillance task. Each participant performed a compensatory tracking task and a threat detection task with the help of an imperfect automated threat detector. Three types of likelihood information were presented: overall likelihood information, predictive values, and hit and correct rejection rates. Participants’ trust in automation, compliance and reliance behaviors, and task performance were measured.

Results

Human operators informed of the predictive values or the overall likelihood value, rather than the hit and correct rejection rates, relied on the decision aid more appropriately and obtained higher task scores.

Conclusion

Not all likelihood information is equal in aiding human-automation team performance. Directly presenting the hit and correct rejection rates of an automated decision aid should be avoided.

Application

The findings can be applied to the design of automated decision aids.
Effectiveness of the Public Service Code of Ethics in Controlling Corrupt Behaviour in The Public Service: Opinion from the Grassroots at Toangoma Ward-Temeke Municipal Council
Authors: Nkyabonaki Jason
Published: July 2019

Ethical values are core elements towards efficiency and effectiveness of the public service. Tanzania adopted the public service code of ethics as a behaviour guiding tool to public servants against maladministration practices. The study intended to measure the effectiveness of the public service ethics code as a tool to promote good governance for effective delivery of public service. The study qualitatively analysed the status of how an ethics code may control corruption in the public service. The findings from Toangoma Ward in a study conducted from June to September, 2017 revealed that the principles of a public ethos are not adhered to due to the ecology of public sector that includes, under pay, weak monitoring and evaluation of performance and the culture of nepotism in the public sector. Therefore, these weaknesses have made the public service ethos to be a myth and a failure in the management and provision of social services in Tanzania. The persistence of corruption in the service sectors has continued to ruin and damage the quality of services. The study recommends that the public sector is to be overhauled in terms of promoting best practices such as good pay, meritocracy in recruitment and promotions to higher managerial positions.
Urbanization in India Before and After the Economic Reforms: What Does the Census Data Reveal?
Authors: Sarkar Raju
Published: July 2019

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the recent trends and patterns of urbanization before and after the economic reforms in India. In addition, the paper explores the emerging patterns of urban growth and captures the changes through development indicators based on the available data from the Census of India and National Accounts Statistics. The study employs an exponential growth rate and a linear model for determining the pace of urbanization, which is then plotted on a scatter diagram. It is surprising to note that wherever urbanization was expected to accelerate, it has instead slowed down. Economic reforms have been not uniformly implemented because of the faulty national economic policy which has discouraged the growth of urban employment and is a cause for concern that requires political attention. The study concludes that economic reforms are necessary for accelerating urbanization, promoting small and medium-sized urban areas, human capital, socio-cultural mobility, and plans for eco-friendly green cities.
Implementing deformation, damage, and failure in an orthotropic plastic material model
Authors: Shyamsunder Loukham , Khaled Bilal , Rajan Subramaniam D , Goldberg Robert K , Carney Kelly S , DuBois Paul , Blankenhorn Gunther
Published: July 2019

Theoretical and implementation details of an orthotropic plasticity model are presented. The model is comprised of three sub-models dealing with elastic and inelastic deformations, damage, and failure. The input to the three sub-models involves tabulated data that can be obtained from laboratory and/or virtual testing. In this article, the focus is on the development of the failure sub-model and its links to the other components. Details of how the user-selected failure criterion is used, and what steps are implemented post-failure are presented. The well-known Puck failure criterion is used in the numerical examples. Three validation tests are used to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of the failure sub-model—10°, 15°, and 30° off-axis tests, a stacked-ply test carried out at room temperature under quasi-static loading, and finally, a high-speed impact test. Results indicate that while the deformation and damage sub-models give reasonably accurate results, the failure predictions are a huge challenge especially for high-speed impact tests.
The Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale in Exercise (BPNSFS-E): Validity, Reliability, and Gender Invariance in Portuguese Exercisers
Authors: Rodrigues Filipe , Hair Joseph F. , Neiva Henrique P. , Teixeira Diogo S. , Cid Luís , Monteiro Diogo
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study was to translate and validate the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale for Portuguese exercisers. In addition, we sought to analyze gender invariance. We collected data from two independent samples of Portuguese respondents—a calibration sample with 316 participants and a validation sample with 632 participants. Results from confirmatory factor analysis supported the original six-factor model in both the calibration sample, χ2(237) = 471.814, χ2/ df = 1.99; B–S p < .001, Comparative Fit Index = .935, Tucker–Lewis Index =.924, standard mean root square residual = .047, root mean square error of approximation = .057 (90% confidence interval = [.050, .065]), and the validation sample, χ2(237) = 571.796, χ2/ df = 2.41; B–S p < .001, Comparative Fit Index = .948, Tucker–Lewis Index = .940, standard mean root square residual = .038, root mean square error of approximation = .047 (90% confidence interval = [.042, .052]). Moreover, our analysis revealed acceptable internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity of the translated version, and invariance between the two samples and between genders, as differences across latent means showed that magnitude effects were trivial between samples and between male and female exercisers. These results support the use of the adapted scale among both male and female exercisers.
Implementation Outcomes and Indicators as a New Challenge in Health Services Research: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Willmeroth Tabea , Wesselborg Bärbel , Kuske Silke
Published: July 2019

The aim of this systematic scoping review was to identify and analyze indicators that address implementation quality or success in health care services and to deduce recommendations for further indicator development. This review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Manual and the PRISMA Statement. CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO were searched. Studies or reviews published between August 2008 and 2018 that reported monitoring of the quality or the implementation success in health care services by using indicators based on continuous variables and proportion-based, ratio-based, standardized ratio–based, or rate-based variables or indices were included. The records were screened by title and abstract, and the full-text articles were also independently double-screened by 3 reviewers for eligibility. In total, 4376 records were identified that resulted in 10 eligible studies, including 67 implementation indicators. There was heterogeneity regarding the theoretical backgrounds, designs, objectives, settings, and implementation indicators among the publications. None of the indicators addressed the implementation outcomes of appropriateness or sustainability. Service implementation efficiency was identified as an additional outcome. Achieving consensus in framing implementation outcomes and indicators will be a new challenge in health services research. Considering the new debates regarding health care complexity, the further development of indicators based on complementary qualitative and quantitative approaches is needed.
A decentralized, model-free, global optimization method for energy saving in heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems
Authors: Wang Shiqiang , Xing Jianchun , Jiang Ziyan , Dai Yunchuang
Published: July 2019

To solve the challenges of high labour and maintenance cost while saving energy in engineering, a decentralized agent-based model-free global optimization method for heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems is proposed. In this novel optimization method, each updated smart equipment is connected according to the physical relationships, such that it can communicate and collaborate with adjacent nodes. Furthermore, to achieve the overall optimal operation of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, a decentralized evolutionary algorithm is developed. With the decentralized algorithm executed in all smart nodes in parallel with the feedback of sensor measurements instead of accurate device models, the system can achieve optimal coordination and avoid conflicts between correlated devices. The equivalence between the centralized and decentralized methods is proven. This method is confirmed to be effective through hardware testing based on actual engineering.

Practical application: The traditional optimization methods for heating, ventilation and air conditioning are based on a centralized structure with a series of deficiencies, such as high maintenance and labour costs, link congestion and operational lag. This study presents a novel decentralized structure constructed using basic physical relations and a model-free method that possesses the advantages of plug-and-play, rapid development, great flexibility and convenience for engineering implementation without having to build a central monitor. The case study results validate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Sampling and Evaluating the Peripheral Nervous System
Authors: Butt Mark T.
Published: July 2019

Many preclinical investigations limit the evaluation of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) to paraffin-embedded sections/hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections of the sciatic nerve. This limitation ignores several key mechanisms of toxicity and anatomic differences that may interfere with an accurate assessment of test article effects on the neurons/neurites peripheral to the brain and spinal cord. Ganglion neurons may be exposed to higher concentrations of the test article as compared to neurons in the brain or spinal cord due to differences in capillary permeability. Many peripheral neuropathies are length-dependent, meaning distal nerves may show morphological changes before they are evident in the mid-sciatic nerve. Paraffin-embedded nerves are not optimal to assess myelin changes, notably those leading to demyelination. Differentiating between axonal or myelin degeneration may not be possible from the examination of paraffin-embedded sections. A sampling strategy more consistent with known mechanisms of toxicity, atraumatic harvest of tissues, optimized fixation, and the use of resin and paraffin-embedded sections will greatly enhance the pathologist’s ability to observe and characterize effects in the PNS.
Multidetector computed tomography in the diagnosis of spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection: changes in diameter on nonenhanced scan and stent treatment follow-up
Authors: Yan Weiqiang , Huang Rong , Shi Qiao , Shan Huiming , Zhu Yi , Cheng Guanxun , Quan Xianyue
Published: July 2019

Objective

This study was performed to assess the changes in diameter of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in patients with spontaneous isolated SMA dissection (SISMAD) on nonenhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and determine the clinical value of follow-up MDCT after endovascular stent placement (ESP).

Methods

The diameters of the SMA and superior mesenteric vein (SMV) as measured on nonenhanced MDCT were compared between 20 patients with SISMAD and 20 control subjects. ESP was performed in 14 patients with SISMAD, and follow-up MDCT was performed after ESP.

Results

The mean diameter of the SMA in the SISMAD group and control group was 11.69 ± 1.26 and 7.10 ± 0.97 mm, respectively, with a statistically significant difference. The SMA diameters were even larger than the SMV diameters. Follow-up MDCT showed stent patency in 13 patients and occlusion in 1 patient.

Conclusions

An enlarged diameter of the SMA on nonenhanced MDCT is an important finding for diagnosis of SISMAD, and MDCT is a valuable follow-up method after ESP for SISMAD.
A retrospective study of an invasive versus conservative strategy in patients aged ≥80 years with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Sui Yong-Gang , Teng Si-Yong , Qian Jie , Wu Yuan , Dou Ke-Fei , Tang Yi-Da , Qiao Shu-Bin , Wu Yong-Jian
Published: July 2019

Objective

To investigate what is the most appropriate strategy for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) aged ≥80 years in China.

Methods

This cohort study retrospectively enrolled patients with STEMI aged ≥80 years old and grouped them according to the treatment strategy that was used: a conservative treatment strategy or an invasive treatment strategy. Factors associated with whether to perform an invasive intervention, in-hospital death and a good prognosis were investigated using logistic regression analyses.

Results

A total of 232 patients were enrolled: conservative treatment group ( n = 93) and invasive treatment group ( n = 139). Patients in the invasive treatment group had a better prognosis and lower incidence of adverse events compared with the conservative treatment group. Advanced age, creatinine level and a higher Killip class were inversely correlated with whether to perform an invasive intervention, while the use of beta-receptor-blocking agents was a favourable factor for invasive treatment. Hypertension and a higher Killip class were risk factors for in-hospital death, while the use of beta-receptor-blocking agents and diuretics decreased the risk of in-hospital death.

Conclusions

An invasive treatment strategy was superior to a conservative treatment strategy in patients with STEMI aged ≥80 years.
Multicentric Round Cell Neoplasms and Their Viral Associations in Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Niedringhaus Kevin D. , Nemeth Nicole M. , Sellers Holly S. , Brown Justin D. , Fenton Heather M. A.
Published: July 2019

Multiple oncogenic viruses, including lymphoproliferative disease virus (LPDV) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), have been detected in wild turkeys ( Meleagris gallopavo). The prevalence of infection with these viruses appears to be more common than overt disease; thus, data on the manifestation of associated disease in wild turkeys are scarce. Diagnostic records from wild turkeys submitted to the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study from 1980 to 2017 were reviewed to identify cases of neoplasia. Neoplasia was reported in 59 of 851 (6.9%) wild turkeys submitted. Of the cases of neoplasia tested by polymerase chain reaction, LPDV was detected in 34 of 58 (59%), REV in 10 of 39 (26%), both viruses in 3 of 39 (8%), and no retroviruses detected in 5 of 39 (13%) turkeys. The most common gross lesions observed among turkeys with neoplasms were emaciation (30/40; 75%); nodules in the skin (26/59; 44%), liver (17/59; 29%), or spleen (9/59; 15%); and splenomegaly (14/59; 24%). Microscopically, nodules were composed of pleomorphic round cells with large eccentric nuclei and prominent nucleoli resembling lymphocytes or lymphoblasts (57/59; 97%) except for 2 cases, one of myeloid cell origin and the other with primarily spindloid cells. This study indicates the need to characterize the pathogenesis and potential health threat posed by REV and LPDV to wild turkeys. Experimental infection studies and the development of additional diagnostic tests to confirm the role of retroviruses in lymphoproliferative disease are warranted.
Misperceived Positions of Interlaced Fingers
Authors: Anstis Stuart
Published: July 2019

Interlacing one’s fingers can cause misperception of finger positions. Observer’s (O’s) fingers were interlaced in six different ways and experimenter (E) tapped two adjacent fingers in quick succession (e.g., tapping the right middle finger then the left ring finger). O had to state the perceived direction in which the tapping occurred, and errors were recorded. When hands were well separated, touching two adjacent fingers of one hand gave error rates of only 2.4%, and touching a finger on one hand then the other gave error rates of only 3.4%. Interlacing the fingers as if in prayer increased error rates to 9%. When hands were superimposed with finger pointing away from O’s body, error rates rose further to 30%. Observers knew which fingers were which, but they were confused about exactly where their fingers were. Thus, somatotopic was greatly superior to spatiotopic localization.
Occupational therapy metacognitive intervention for adolescents with ADHD: Teen Cognitive-Functional (Cog-Fun) feasibility study
Authors: Levanon-Erez Nirit , Kampf-Sherf Orli , Maeir Adina
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder face neurocognitive impairments that impede their occupational functioning. The Cognitive-Functional model is a metacognitive occupational therapy intervention for individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder that harnesses self-awareness and strategy behavior to support participation in an individualized occupational context. This study explored preliminary feasibility and efficacy of the Cognitive Functional model adapted for adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, the Teen Cognitive-Functional intervention.

Method

A mixed method feasibility study including 22 adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and their parents was conducted. Pre–post assessments included: occupational performance (Canadian Occupational Performance Measure); executive functioning (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function); self-awareness and strategy behavior (Self-Regulation Skills Interview).

Results

Modest attrition and high satisfaction from Teen Cognitive-Functional intervention were found. Significant improvements were reported in adolescents’ occupational performance, executive functioning and strategy behavior. No significant gains were found in adolescents’ self-awareness. Adolescents’ strategy behavior was correlated with parent-rated occupational performance. Qualitative analysis of the strategies reported by the adolescents after intervention revealed three categories: “self-determined choices”; “plan and organize” and “adaptations.”

Conclusion

This study provides initial support for feasibility of the Teen Cognitive-Functional intervention and its potential efficacy in promoting occupational performance, executive functioning and strategy behavior. Controlled studies are needed to further validate these findings.
Case report: Orbital myositis triggering oxygen-responsive cluster headache
Authors: Douglas Vivian P , Douglas Konstantinos AA , Rizzo Joseph F , Chwalisz Bart K
Published: July 2019

Background

Orbital myositis is an idiopathic, non-infectious condition, typically seen in young females and usually affecting one extraocular muscle. Orbital myositis mimicking cluster headache is a rare clinical entity, and this is the first description of a case of a secondary trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia from orbital myositis responsive to high-flow oxygen.

Case

A young woman presented with new-onset, oxygen-responsive headache, periorbital pain and autonomic features. She had associated vertical diplopia on downgaze and subtle ocular misalignment. An initial diagnosis of cluster headache was made. Initial brain MRI was unrevealing, but dedicated MRI of the orbits showed enhancement of orbital muscles. The diplopia and the imaging findings were consistent with orbital myositis.

Conclusion

Orbital myositis mimicking cluster headache is rare, and not previously reported as an oxygen-responsive headache.
Demographic and Radiographic Factors Associated With Intra-articular Hip Cartilage Injury: A Cross-sectional Study of 1511 Hip Arthroscopy Procedures
Authors: Ishøi Lasse , Thorborg Kristian , Kraemer Otto , Lund Bent , Mygind-Klavsen Bjarne , Hölmich Per
Published: July 2019

Background:

Moderate to severe (grade 3-4) hip joint cartilage injury seems to impair function in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome.

Purpose:

To investigate whether demographic and radiographic factors were associated with moderate to severe hip joint cartilage injury.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Patients were identified in the Danish Hip Arthroscopy Registry. The outcome variables were acetabular cartilage injury (modified Beck grade 0-2 vs 3-4) and femoral head cartilage injury (International Cartilage Repair Society grade 0-2 vs 3-4). Logistic regressions assessed the association with the following: age (<30 vs 30-50 years); sex; sport activity level (Hip Sports Activity Scale); alpha angle (AA) assessed as normal (AA <55°), cam (55°≤ AA <78°), or severe cam (AA ≥78°); lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) assessed as normal (25°≤ LCEA ≤ 39°), pincer (LCEA >39°), or borderline dysplasia (LCEA <25°); joint space width (JSW) assessed as normal (JSW >4.0 mm), mild reduction (3.1 mm ≤ JSW ≤ 4.0 mm), or severe reduction (2.1 mm ≤ JSW ≤ 3.0 mm).

Results:

A total of 1511 patients were included (mean ± SD age: 34.9 ± 9.8 years). Male sex (odds ratio [OR], 4.42), higher age (OR, 1.70), increased AA (cam: OR, 2.23; severe cam: OR, 4.82), and reduced JSW (mild: OR, 2.04; severe: OR, 3.19) were associated ( P < .05) with Beck grade 3-4. Higher age (OR, 1.92), increased Hip Sports Activity Scale (OR, 1.13), borderline dysplasia (OR, 3.08), and reduced JSW (mild: OR, 2.63; severe: OR, 3.04) were associated ( P < .05) with International Cartilage Repair Society grade 3-4.

Conclusion:

Several demographic and radiographic factors were associated with moderate to severe hip joint cartilage injury. Most notably, increased cam severity and borderline dysplasia substantially increased the risk of grade 3-4 acetabular and femoral head cartilage injury, respectively, indicating that specific deformity may drive specific cartilage injury patterns in the hip joint.
Subsequent Surgery for Loss of Motion After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Does Not Influence Function at 2 Years: A Matched Case-Control Analysis
Authors: Worsham Jacob , Lowe Walter R. , Copa Dorcas , Williams Shelby , Kleihege Jacquelyn , Lauck Kyle , Mascarenhas Randy , Bailey Lane
Published: July 2019

Background:

Loss of motion (LOM) remains a common complication after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and can be detrimental to patient outcomes after surgery. LOM is multifactorial, but nonsurgical and surgical solutions to this complex problem are available. A paucity of quality data exists evaluating clinical outcomes after the surgical treatment of patients with LOM after ACL reconstruction.

Hypothesis:

Patients undergoing surgical lysis of adhesions and manipulation under anesthesia for LOM after ACL reconstruction will exhibit decreased function, lower outcome scores, and delayed time of release to play when compared with matched controls without LOM.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3

Methods:

A database of 1572 patients undergoing ACL reconstruction was sampled from 2013 to 2017 to identify a total of 58 patients (LOM group [n = 29] vs matched control group [n = 29]). Group comparisons were examined for patients requiring a second surgical procedure for LOM versus matched controls after ACL reconstruction for differences in surgical timing, self-reported International Knee Disability Committee scores, objective function at release to play, and subjective knee function at 2 years with the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation. The risk of a type I error was set at α = .05 for all statistical analyses.

Results:

Patients who underwent lysis of adhesions and manipulation under anesthesia for LOM after ACL reconstruction exhibited no differences in Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation knee function at 2 years when compared with matched controls (85.8 ± 14.9 vs 88.0 ± 10.8, P = .606). All patients met release-to-play criteria. Only International Knee Disability Committee scores ( P = .046) and single-legged hop testing ( P = .050) reached statistically significant differences, with higher scores in the control group. There was no difference in the time to release to play ( P = .034) or level of participation ( P = .180) between the control and surgical groups. Subjective function scores at 2 years were not significantly different between groups. Tourniquet time during the index ACL reconstruction was shorter in the control group ( P = .034).

Conclusion:

The findings of this study suggest that patients who undergo surgical treatment for LOM after ACL reconstruction can release to play at similar times but display relative deficits in single-legged-hop symmetry and lower self-reported function when compared with matched controls. Longer surgical times may increase the risk for LOM after ACL reconstruction.

Registration:

NCT03704376 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier)
Predictors of Unsuccessful Nonoperative Management of Capitellar Osteochondritis Dissecans
Authors: Funakoshi Tadanao , Furushima Kozo , Miyamoto Azusa , Kusano Hiroshi , Horiuchi Yukio , Itoh Yoshiyasu
Published: July 2019

Background:

Osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral capitellum (capitellar OCD) is a common injury among adolescent throwing athletes. Some younger patients with incomplete maturity of the epiphysis and early-stage capitellar OCD are good candidates for nonoperative treatment. However, during initial examination, predicting the need for surgical treatment in patients with capitellar OCD is difficult.

Purpose:

To perform multivariate ordered logistic regression analysis of data obtained from patients’ medical records and images on initial examination and identify the predictors of unsuccessful nonoperative management of capitellar OCD.

Study Design:

Cohort study (prognosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

This study included 245 elbows with capitellar OCD (all male; mean age, 14 years [range, 10-27 years]). Patients were divided into 3 groups comprising 148 elbows requiring an immediate operation on initial examination, 48 requiring nonsurgical treatment, and 49 requiring an operation after nonoperative management. Baseline data and radiographic parameters, such as lesion location, lesion size, modified Minami classification, radial head size, skeletal age difference between both elbows on initial examination, lesion size on computed tomography, and staging on magnetic resonance imaging, were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate and multivariate ordered logistic regression analyses of spontaneous healing of the lesion were conducted.

Results:

Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that radial head enlargement and skeletal age difference were significantly associated with spontaneous healing. In multivariate ordered logistic regression analysis, radial head enlargement (anteroposterior and lateral) and skeletal age difference were significant predictors of lack of spontaneous healing (odds ratio [OR], 2.76, P =.025; OR, 7.92, P =.026; and OR, 1.84, P =.0089, respectively).

Conclusion:

To predict spontaneous healing in the moderate stage, plain radiographs would be important to evaluate radiocapitellar congruity and skeletal age. This study showed that preoperative radiographic findings of radial head enlargement and advanced skeletal age of the throwing side compared with that of the nonthrowing side were predictors of advanced-stage capitellar OCD. Despite several limitations, the statistical significance and correlations herein provide important information on preoperative surgical planning to surgeons.
Understanding Perceived Worker Insecurity in Europe, 2002–2016: Economic Freedom and Neoliberalism as Alternative Theories?
Authors: Dixon Jeffrey C.
Published: July 2019

This study engages theories of economic freedom and neoliberalism as alternative ways of understanding workers’ perceived job and labor market insecurity. The results of hierarchical ordered logit and linear models of multiple rounds/waves of European Social Survey and European Working Conditions Survey data between 2002 and 2016 reveal some support for one hypothesis derived from each set of theories in basic models: As theories of economic freedom anticipate, the levels of worker insecurity are generally lower in countries that are currently more “economically free”; as theories of neoliberalism anticipate, the levels of insecurity are higher in countries that have increased levels of economic freedom, or “neoliberalization,” in about the past five years, but this relationship is limited to pre-2010 survey data. Altogether, the findings, including of more complex models, suggest these theories account for worker insecurity in Europe, but neoliberalization’s effects are selective, unemployment also matters, and synthesis is needed.
The Double Consciousness of Blackness and Christianity: Towards a Biblical Intersectionality
Authors: McCall Jaison K. D.
Published: July 2019

This research uniquely aims to introduce a biblical intersectionality approach and its usage in reconciling the double consciousness of the Black Christian. Related to Christian education, this research informs issues associated with Christian identity development and redemptive formation among black Christian students. The unique history of African Americans aids in Black Christians feeling a part of and apart from their faith. A biblical approach to intersectionality supports understanding the complexity of the lived experience.
Differences in Lesbian, Bisexual, and Heterosexual Women’s Experiences of Sexual Assault and Rape in a National U.S. Sample
Authors: Canan Sasha N. , Jozkowski Kristen N. , Wiersma-Mosley Jacquelyn D. , Bradley Mindy , Blunt-Vinti Heather
Published: July 2019

Lesbian and bisexual women experience significantly higher rates of sexual assault and rape compared with heterosexual women. Despite this, researchers have yet to distinguish whether sexual orientation itself or some other related social characteristics explain these higher rates. The objective of this study was to analyze women’s rates of sexual assault and rape across sexual orientation status while accounting for other social characteristics (e.g., race, education, income, outness). Women ( N = 1,366), who identified as lesbian (31%), bisexual (32%), and heterosexual (31%), completed a nationally distributed, cross-sectional online survey in 2016. Victimization and repeat victimization were assessed using a modified version of Sexual Experience Survey–Short Form Victimization. Overall, 63% of bisexual, 49% of lesbian, and 35% of heterosexual women reported experiencing rape in their lifetime. When holding all other social characteristics constant, sexual orientation remained a significant predictor in the model. Compared with the odds of heterosexual women experiencing sexual assault or rape, bisexual women (3.7 odds of victimization; 7.3 odds of repeat victimization) and lesbian women (3.2 odds of repeat victimization) were disproportionately victimized. Sexual orientation clearly plays a role in sexual victimization risk, independent of other measured sociodemographic indicators. Continued research is needed to explore possible mechanisms behind sexual assault and rape prevalence, as well as the influence of contextual factors of victimization risk among sexual minority men.
The Gender Gap in Online News Comment Sections
Authors: Van Duyn Emily , Peacock Cynthia , Stroud Natalie Jomini
Published: July 2019

Women are less likely than men to discuss or engage in politics. This study extends research on the gender gap in politics to an online context by exploring whether women are less likely to engage in political discussion online, whether this follows socialization theories of a private versus public sphere distinction, and whether perceptions of incivility help to explain these gender differences. Through a survey of commenters and comment readers based on a probability sample in the United States ( n = 965) and a survey of actual commenters and comment readers across 20 news sites ( n = 12,110), we find that women are less likely than men to comment online, particularly on state, national, or international topics. However, women are more likely than men to comment on local news. We also find that perceptions of incivility are related to commenting, although they do little to explain gender differences in commenting. Our results suggest that the gender gap in online political discussion is the product of women’s political socialization more so than the civility of the site.
Debiasing Training Improves Decision Making in the Field
Authors: Sellier Anne-Laure , Scopelliti Irene , Morewedge Carey K.
Published: July 2019

The primary objection to debiasing-training interventions is a lack of evidence that they improve decision making in field settings, where reminders of bias are absent. We gave graduate students in three professional programs ( N = 290) a one-shot training intervention that reduces confirmation bias in laboratory experiments. Natural variance in the training schedule assigned participants to receive training before or after solving an unannounced business case modeled on the decision to launch the Space Shuttle Challenger. We used case solutions to surreptitiously measure participants’ susceptibility to confirmation bias. Trained participants were 19% less likely to choose the inferior hypothesis-confirming solution than untrained participants. Analysis of case write-ups suggests that a reduction in confirmatory hypothesis testing accounts for their improved decision making in the case. The results provide promising evidence that debiasing-training effects transfer to field settings and can improve decision making in professional and private life.
Treatment in thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome: a review
Authors: Vadgama T S , Smith A , Bertolaccini M L
Published: July 2019

Antiphospholipid syndrome an autoimmune disease characterized by thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity alongside the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). This review evaluates primary and secondary thromboprophylaxis in patients with aPL and thrombotic events. In primary thromboprophylaxis a risk-stratified approach is needed based on aPL, comorbidity with other autoimmune conditions and cardiovascular vascular risk factors. In primary thromboprophylaxis, the efficacy of low-dose aspirin is debatable and requires better-designed controlled studies. So far warfarin has not been shown to improve venous and/or arterial thrombosis incidence in aPL carriers and instead increased safety concerns. The benefit of hydroxychloroquine is inconclusive despite promising data, requiring large, controlled trials. For secondary thromboprophylaxis warfarin seems to be the best option with potential in renal transplant recipients and better efficacy at high intensity, although maintenance of target international normalized ratio needs careful monitoring. Aspirin has not shown to be beneficial, and data on rivaroxaban are limited and contradictory. Despite all data being informative, there are limitations that need to be addressed with robust clinical trials.
Risk Factors for Illicit Drug Use Among Malaysian Male Adolescents
Authors: Rodzlan Hasani Wan Shakira , Miaw Yn Jane Ling , Saminathan Thamil Arasu , Robert Lourdes Tania Gayle , Ramly Rushidi , Abd Hamid Hamizatul Akmal , Ismail Hasimah , Abd Majid Nur Liana , Mat Rifin Halizah , Awaluddin S. Maria , Mohd Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli
Published: July 2019

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of illicit drug use and its associated factors among male adolescents in Malaysia. Data of 13 135 adolescents were extracted from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2017, a cross-sectional survey among school-going adolescents in Malaysia aged between 13 and 17 years, using a 2-stage stratified cluster sampling. A complex sample design analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were applied. The overall prevalence of lifetime illicit drug use among male adolescents was 6.6%. The multivariable model showed that illicit drug use among male adolescents were associated with younger age, rural school area, marital status of parent, current smoker, ever having sex, truancy, involved in physical fight, and lack of peer support. The findings from this study can assist community and relevant authorities in their efforts to combat illicit drug usage among adolescents using intervention programs that diminishes risk factors and enhances the protective factors.
Financializing capitalism: 400 Years of equity market development
Authors: Macaulay Catherine R
Published: July 2019

This paper investigates how and why equity markets for trading the rights to a share in the profits of a small and declining number of public corporations became such a powerful force in shaping the global economy, despite their renowned caprice and serial devastating crashes. The controversial evolution of publicly traded equity in Amsterdam after 1602 is presented as capitalism’s fork in the road, opening a path to financialized capitalism with equity markets its driving force. This gives the process of financialization a 400-year history that accelerated in the late 20th century. With negative impacts on various enterprising economies since their inception, the forces that have driven the equity market’s ascendancy are examined and the logic underlying this arrangement is questioned. The changes to economic theory and policy that promoted this financialization shed new light on many enduring economic problems. Utilizing lessons from this extended history of financialization, prospects for definancialization are also considered.
Precarious labour in waiting: Internships in the Chinese Internet industries
Authors: Xia Bingqing
Published: July 2019

Internships are prevalent in new media industries and have become the focus of news reports and popular writings in recent years. This article addresses the gap between intern research and digital labour research. It asks: How are these interns working and living? What are the power dynamics behind interns’ experiences? To what extent can digital labour theories be applied to explore these experiences? Based on empirical research conducted at two Chinese Internet companies, this article shows that interns in Chinese Internet industries experience poor working conditions and difficult living conditions. These are caused by power dynamics within the companies, such as tensions between interns and full-time Internet workers, and power dynamics within Chinese society, such as those between Chinese universities and Internet companies involved in these internships. The article argues that such difficult conditions are caused by Internet companies and the Chinese higher education system, both of which engage in forms of coercion and alienation. Digital labour theories need to take greater account of intern labour and of interns’ experiences of precarious work in the new media industries.

JEL Codes: J220, J210