bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le logement servile dans la demeure en Gaule romaine
Authors: Gaston Christophe
Published: October 2019

La question de la localisation des logements de la main-d’œuvre servile dans un espace particulier reste problématique dans le monde romain, et particulièrement pour la Gaule, où les mentions de logements d’esclaves sont assez rares. La fouille du Collège Lumière à Besançon et celle, bien plus ancienne, de la ville d’Offemont apportent cependant quelques éléments significatifs.
La maison rurale en Sologne bourbonnaise et en Basse-Auvergne au Moyen Âge
Authors: Gaime Sébastien , Charmoillaux Julie , Parent Daniel
Published: October 2019

L’article présente les principales conclusions d’un travail collectif de recherche, réalisé entre 2009 et 2016, réunissant une équipe d’archéologues et d’historiens. Si, pour les historiens, le feu caractérise l’habitation, les critères d’identification sont différents en archéologie : l’examen des éléments architecturaux et des aménagements intérieurs d’un corpus de 108 bâtiments fouillés dans les deux régions concernées par l’étude permet de mettre en évidence des techniques architecturales qui évoluent peu au cours de la période considérée, mais aussi d’importantes distinctions géographiques liées aux matériaux utilisés.
Sadrists in the Public Sphere : An Ethnography of Political Shi’ism
Authors: Robin-D’Cruz Benedict
Published: October 2019

Cet article s’intéresse à la participation à la sphère publique du mouvement sadriste en Irak. Il expose la façon dont l’articulation entre la sphère publique comme espace particulier de l’activité sociale, et les pratiques sociales des sadristes « ordinaires » et de leurs leaders politiques et religieux, a façonné un processus de sécularisation des pratiques politiques du mouvement. Dans le même temps, ce processus de sécularisation continue d’être freiné par l’usage messianique que font les sadristes de l’autorité religieuse, et par leur manque de professionnalisation politique. La contestation de ce processus s’insère dans une lutte idéologique plus large entre les niveaux militant et clérical du mouvement. L’article lie cette lutte à une différenciation structurelle interne qui voit le mouvement sadriste partagé sur des lignes sectorielles de plus en plus clivantes. Cette division contribue à consolider l’hétérogénéité idéologique du mouvement, qui reflète une distinction dans les vocations des acteurs engagés dans diverses formes de militantisme politique et celles des acteurs dont les pratiques relèvent d’abord du champ religieux.
Effect of Dyes on Water Chemistry, Soil Quality, and Biological Properties of Water
Authors: Meghwal Kiran , Kumawat Srishti , Ameta Chetna , Jangid Nirmala Kumari
Published: October 2019

As the textile industries use aqueous method for dyeing processes, the color that is released in the environment is associated with the incomplete absorption of dyes on fibres. So, there is a strong need to reduce the amount of residual dye in textile effluent. Large amounts of liquid wastes are produced from textile industries that contain both organic and inorganic compounds. The degradation of azo dyes is difficult using the conventional processes. These complex azo dyes containing N=N bond have been found to show carcinogenic evidences on reductive cleavage. Azo dyes have capability to alter physical and chemical properties of soil, causing harm to the water bodies. Dyes are toxic in nature, which is lethal for microorganisms present in soil affecting agricultural productivity. The presence of azo dyes in water decreases its water transparency and water gas solubility. This reduces light penetration through water, decreases its photosynthesis activity, causing oxygen deficiency and de-regulating the biological cycles of aquatic system.
Modelling Software-Defined Wireless Sensor Network Architectures for Smart Grid Neighborhood Area Networks
Authors: Nafi Nazmus S. , Ahmed Khandakar , Gregory Mark A.
Published: October 2019

In a smart grid machine to machine communication environment, the separation of the control and data planes in the Software Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm increases flexibility, controllability and manageability of the network. A fully integrated SDN based WSN network can play a more prominent role by providing ‘last mile' connectivity while serving various Smart Grid applications and offer improved security, guaranteed Quality of Service and flexible interworking capabilities. Hence, more efforts are required to explore the potential role of SDN in Smart Grid communications and thereby ensure its optimum utilization. In this chapter we provide a description of how SDN technology can be used in WSN with an emphasis on its end-to-end network architecture. We then present its novel application to Advanced Metering Infrastructure, Substation Automation, Distributed Energy Resources, Wide Area Measurement Systems, and Roaming of Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids.
Classical Building Materials
Authors: Khitab Anwar , Anwar Waqas
Published: October 2019

Classical building materials are widely used in Civil Engineering projects. Many ancient generations used fire clay and stone as building blocks. The most common building materials today include stones, concrete, plastics, bitumen, glass, wood, metals, bricks, polymers, tiles and heat resisting materials. Current research work has come up with the considerable improvement in the natural characteristics of these materials. Glasses are available in more variety as they were 50 years ago. Similarly, concrete is now available in ultra-high strengths and even blast resistant form. Recently, use of nano-technology has emerged as a rapidly growing field; success of which is also highly dependent on the basic understanding of classical building materials. Advance research work including implementation of nanotechnology may come up with further improvements in the physical and chemical properties of these materials. This chapter would focus on classical materials in detail covering their physical and chemical characteristics, usages as well as economical suitability.
A Review on Reduced Environmental Impacts of Alternative Green Concrete Productions
Authors: Sanal Irem
Published: October 2019

Concrete is being recognized for its environmental benefits in support of sustainable development. In response to growing environmental and economic forces, regulatories, engineers and owners are seeking efficient concrete solutions that conserve non-renewable resources. Global demands for regulating concrete waste arise from the growth of these environmental and economic issues. Thus, the concept of “green concrete” as an eco-friendly alternative to conventional concrete has been emerging. This publication seeks to demonstrate how concrete contributes to future generations' sustainable development, and will be of interest to policy makers, contractors and clients, as well as others involved with the design, construction or operation of buildings and infrastructure. The main objective of this study is to identify key sources contributing to CO2 emissions from concrete and compare 1) traditional concretes with green concretes, 2) concretes produced with blended cements, and 3) fly ash used as replacement of cement, in order to diminish the environmental impact of the concrete production.
Bank Credit Applications and Advancement Recommendations in Regards to Sustainable Buildings in Turkey
Authors: Altun Tülin , Bildik Akın , Gökçeoğlu Gökhan
Published: October 2019

There are a wide variety of buildings that have been distinguished from traditional buildings with respect to their design, construction and utilization processes. These buildings are widely named ranging from passive, green, ecological to sustainable and are also differentiated as an intended consequence of their economic, social and environmental advantages. Consequently, the development of well-defined financial mechanisms aimed at promoting to business and individuals as well as the adoption of incentives by the governments are very important. This chapter recommends the following with respect to addressing sustainable building issues; the initiation of legal and regulatory structures concerning finance of energy investments, increasing the aggregate magnitude of the private credit packages prepared with the cooperation of energy productive focused firms and banks, diversification of the financial products and services as regards sustainable buildings, improvement of maturity extensions and tax exemptions pertaining to sustainable building private credits.
Economic Instruments for Sustainable Environmental Management
Authors: Kocasoy Günay
Published: October 2019

Environmental pollution has been continuously threatening the world. In the combat with environmental pollution problems, waste management authorities, in compliance with the “User Pays Principle-USP”, apply the “Polluter Pays Principle-3Ps” to the waste generators. Thus the resource users and the waste generators will be paying a fee for the resources and services they are using. They can be summarized as water fee, wastewater discharge fee, effluent permit fee, air emission fees, solid waste disposal fee, landfill tax, and hazardous waste tax and product charge, Advance Disposal Fee (ADF), Ozone-Depleting Chemicals (ODC), government product charge and road user fees. The main purpose of charging a fee is to encourage the users and the polluters to reduce the amount of pollutants they are generating and disposing into the environment. These fees can also be named as “a pollution charge fee”, “user charge fee” or “product charge fee”. This chapter outlines the many existing waste fee models.
Incorporating the Negotiation Process in Urban Planning DSS
Authors: Benatia Imene , Laouar Mohamed Ridda , Eom Sean B. , Bendjenna Hakim
Published: October 2019

Cooperation in multi-agent systems is necessary in order to perform complex tasks and lead Multi-agent System (MAS) towards its objective. Contract-Net Protocol (CNP) is one of the communication and coordination mechanisms used by multi-agent systems which prefer cooperation through interaction protocols. This paper proposes a new cooperation and negotiation protocol based on the principals of the Contact Net Protocol (CNP). The auhtors' suggested negotiation protocol is used to solve one of the problems in the context of the city planning which is the problem of election of urban projects. Their proposed protocol is intended to the decision makers in order to help them resolve the problem of the evaluation and the selection of the best urban project without the need to be together in a decision urban room.
Emotional Mapping in Local Neighbourhood Planning
Authors: Pánek Jiří , Pászto Vít
Published: October 2019

City planning, decision-making and participation in local administration can be sometimes elitist, closed to the public and non-participatory processes. Citizens are frequently a neglected part of these activities and are usually only involved and considered prior to elections. Yet citizens have a relevant role in the processes of town planning and administration. This paper describes the implementation of a web-based crowdsourcing tool for the collection and visualisation of emotion-based and subjective information on maps. The tool was used in a case study of neighbourhood development consultation in the city of Příbram, the Czech Republic. Visual, textual and statistical analyses showed a similar spatial distribution of some topics within the Křižáky neighbourhood and provide results, combining qualitative and quantitative approaches in the process of e-participation in urban e-planning. The results presented in this paper allow replication of the research methodology in other areas as well as its implementation.
Analysis of Environmental Infrastructure Sustainability of Low Cost Apartment
Authors: Rahmayanti Henita , Ananda Sylvira
Published: October 2019

Housing is a basic human need, but the Government has not been able to fully provide decent shelter for the community. Governments have an obligation to provide access to adequate housing communities, livable, prosperous, cultured, and social justice. This study aimed to analyze the sustainability of the environmental infrastructure of low cost rental apartment (rusunawa) in Jakarta. To determine the condition of exixting low cost rental apartment in Jakarta, this study was conducted in five locations of Rusunawa. The sustainability of infrastructure environmental methods included Focus Group Discussion and Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) approach using RAPFISH techniques program. An index value of sustainability infrastructure in rusunawa Jakarta is obtained based on an assessment of 29 attributes included into four (4) dimensions of infrastructure facilities (8 attributes), sociocultural (7 attributes), perception (7 attributes) and management (7 attributes). The results of multidimensional analysis produce an index value of sustainability infrastructure of rusunawa is 47.275. This value reflects that the existence of infrastructure of rusunawa in Jakarta is sustainable less. This research can be used as the basis for improvement of aspects that have not been sustained and become a model for other Rusunawa management.
Assessment of Available Technologies for Hospital Waste Management
Authors: Rai Alok , Kothari Richa , Singh D. P.
Published: October 2019

Modern hospital practices with galloping growth in medical technology facilitate increase human life span, decrease mortality rate and increase natality rate. Life supporting health services generates potentially hazardous and infectious hospital wastes like pharmaceuticals, cottons, food, paper, plastics, radionuclide, sharps, and anatomical parts etc. These wastes are complex in nature with maximum part of municipal solid waste and small part of biomedical waste (anatomical parts, body parts etc.). Improper conduct and management of hospital waste create several problems and nosocomial diseases to human beings and harms environment. Traditional practices included for management are open burning, mixing waste, liquid discharge and waste disposal without treatment normally. Hence, this issue comes in lime light and several guidelines come to sort out this problem. Thus, challenges associated with traditional hospital waste management techniques and modern techniques for management are assessed in general and association with human society in particular in this chapter.
California's “Fast-Track” to High-Speed Rail
Authors: Diridon Sr. Rod , Tripousis Ben
Published: October 2019

For over 50 years, after both public and private studies confirmed California's need for high-speed rail, nothing happened. The rest of the US had a similarly disappointing experience when attempting to break into the rapidly growing family of nations with operating high-speed trains. Yet, over the past year, California has contracted over $2.5 billion in high-speed rail civil work, is preparing RFPs for three times that amount, and has secured commitments for nearly $25 billion in additional federal and state funding over the next 30 years. Private investors are lining up for the nation's first high-speed rail public-private partnership to complete this $68 billion, 540 mile project. This chapter describes the unprecedented technical excellence, political courage, and visionary voter support that created that high-speed rail breakthrough for California and the nation.
Negative Psychological Outcomes Associated With Emerging Adults' Cyber Aggression Involvement
Authors: Wright Michelle F.
Published: October 2019

The first objective of the present study was to describe the nature of cyber aggression and victimization among emerging adults by focusing on what digital technologies are used and the relationship between the perpetrator and the victim. The second objective of the present study was to investigate the longitudinal, reciprocal relationships between cyber victimization, cyber aggression, suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-harm, depression, loneliness, anxiety, and grade point average among emerging adults over four years, using cross-lagged modeling. The findings of the study were consistent with cross-sectional studies, with the present study revealing longitudinal and reciprocal relationships between cyber aggression, cyber victimizations, suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-harm, depression, anxiety, and GPA over four years. Additional research attention should be given to understanding more about these associations.
The Onlife in Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Benvenuti Martina , Giovagnoli Sara , Keep Melanie , Mazzoni Elvis , Selleri Patrizia
Published: October 2019

Internet revolutionized our lifestyle. New generation devices like smartphones and tablets allow us to be always connected: the web represents a significant part of our days. These epochal changes bring with them questions about the potentialities and the risks of web. This chapter introduces a research whose purpose is to investigate the Onlife during emerging adulthood divided into two groups—youngerEA (18-24) and olderEA (25-29)—considering both the problematic and the functional side of the use of the internet. Self-esteem, self-control, online and offline social support were considered as factor that influenced the internet use habits. Typology of social networks, time spent online, device used, and number of online contacts are considered. Results show significant differences between youngerEA and olderEA in the use of the web both in problematic and functional way.
Digital Equity and Policy
Authors: Kim Seang-Tae
Published: October 2019

The policy of digital equity aim to close the various issues of digital divide. As digital convergence and informatization progresses, it is becoming more important to better utilize various resources. Therefore, making a qualitative difference about the digital divide issue is urgent, and relevant policies and efforts need to be strengthened to narrow the digital divide. In this regard, the overall improvement of information literacy of the public is required as it can increase the convenience in citizens' everyday lives and can create added value. It is, therefore, necessary to continue the development of policies and projects to narrow the digital divide. The Korean government plans to keep strengthening its support with policies to legislate regulations that narrow the digital divide and provide fair opportunities to access information, and to improve information literacy. The efforts to narrow the digital divide and effective policies to achieve the goal must be continued to relieve social conflict and integrate the society.
Electric Power Transmission, Distribution Losses, and Economic Growth in Ghana
Authors: Adams Samuel , Klobodu Edem Kwame Mensah , Lamptey Richmond Odartey
Published: October 2019

This study examined the effect of electric power transmission and distribution losses (ETL) on economic growth over the period of 1971 to 2012 in Ghana. Using bounds testing approach to cointegration and Bai-Perron test in ordinary least squares framework, we find long-run relationship between ETL, gross capital formation, inflation, trade openness and economic growth. Secondly, while ETL do not have robust impact on economic growth, trade openness exerts a positive impact on economic growth in the long-run. Inflation and gross capital formation, however, have mixed relationships with economic growth. Furthermore, ETL yield a threshold value of 2.07. Finally, controlling for the urban population reveals that ETL moderates the relationship between urbanization and economic growth; higher ETL associates with an increasing negative effect on GDP per capita.
Digital Participation through Mobile Internet Banking and Its Impact on Financial Inclusion
Authors: Jagani Khyati , Patra Santosh
Published: October 2019

Prime Minister of India Mr. Narendra Modi launched a national government project called “Jan Dhan Yojana”, with the aim of providing banking opportunity and insurance coverage to all the citizens of India including the under privileged section who until now did not open bank accounts or personal insurance. The aim of this project is to attract those people with low incomes, who lack knowledge, who feel they do not need banking service or do not have funds to open an account. The present study attempts to examine the Indian Financial Inclusion in the context of Individual participation, through the case of Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana. The paper aims to understand the consumer participation and non-participation and its implications as a financial inclusion strategy. The paper evaluates the impact of digital divide on digital participation of the consumers in the context of internet and mobile banking service users.
Mobile Money Services as a Panacea to Financial Inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Eilu Emmanuel , Auma Theresa Odur
Published: October 2019

One of the most important drivers for sustainable economic growth and development is financial inclusion. This explains why financial exclusion is a leading cause of extreme poverty and a key barrier to growth. The level of financial inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa still remains low. However, there is evidence that mobile money technology, taking advantage of the high level of mobile phone penetration in the region, has been seen to drive financial inclusion. However, very few studies have been conducted in the region to particularly establish the extent mobile money service usage has leveraged financial inclusion. In this study, we investigate the extent to which three most common mobile money services namely, sending money, receiving money and bill payment have leveraged financial inclusion in a Sub-Saharan African country like Uganda. Our study reveals that the most widely used mobile money service in this rural area was for receiving money. This has greatly enhanced financial inclusion by facilitating both domestic and international remittance.
Welfare Regime
Authors: Patro Chandra Sekhar
Published: October 2019

In the present competitive business environment, it is essential for the management of any organization to precisely manage the welfare services to be provided for their employees. An organization is certainly a place where employees' and employers try to get the maximum from each other. Both, there can be lot more if and when they work together as partners in an organization, and if they have compassion of understanding of each other problems, which is the basic problem in employee welfare. The extreme logic in the wake of providing welfare services is to create proficient, healthy, loyal and satisfied labour force for an organization. The aim of the chapter is to articulate the welfare services administered by the organizations to the employees and their effect on the employees' efficacy and work life. It also examines the various principles and theories of welfare along with measures to improve welfare facilities in the organizations.
Taxes, Natural Resource Endowment, and the Supply of Labor
Authors: Razzak Weshah A. , Laabas Belkacem
Published: October 2019

We use the work-leisure choice model to compute equilibrium weekly hours worked for a number of Arab countries and compare them to the G7 countries. We show that the labor supply curve is elastic in all Arab countries, and provide a new measure of labor productivity. This finding confirms previous research that workers respond to incentives, which has serious implications for tax and social security policies. We also provide some policy simulations pertinent to the effects of taxation on welfare and poverty.
A Cloud Computing Adoption Framework for Developing Countries
Authors: Ta Anh D.
Published: October 2019

This chapter explores Cloud computing adoption strategies for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and microenterprise that can enhance the economic growth of local industries in developing countries. This focus is based on the recognitions that (1) economic growths of local industries reduce poverty through the creation of new jobs for poor people to earn a living wage and support their families, and (2) there is a lack of research on Cloud computing adoption strategy that addresses the unique constraints of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries.
The Impediments to Entrepreneurial Ventures among the Bottom of Pyramid Community in Northern Malaysia
Authors: Halim Hasliza Abdul , Ahmad Noor Hazlina , Hanifah Haniruzila , Ramayah T.
Published: October 2019

There is a continuing debate among scholars concerning the existence of a fortune at the bottom of pyramid (BOP). While some scholars argue that there is a profitable market at the pyramid base, others argue that targeting poor people as customers could lead to unethical business practices. With the aid of preliminary study, this paper explains that there is a fortune to be made at the BOP if the community is treated as the entrepreneurs than as mere consumers. Nevertheless, for them to develop their own venture in order to reduce poverty is not an easy task due to various hindrances. Therefore, this paper provides insights into the under-researched area of comprehending the impediments that triggered the BOP community readiness to venture into business development. Converting the BOP into active entrepreneurs has become the agenda of the Malaysian government to eradicate the poverty by the year 2020 and thus this paper is expected to provide preliminary findings of the barriers that prohibit them to become entrepreneurs. A series of interview was conducted with a sample of ten BOP communities from Northern Region in Malaysia. In-depth, one-to-one interviews were conducted among them to probe into their outlook on this matter. The findings highlighted on the key factors that hamper the BOP community to create new ventures, new insights and experiences towards entrepreneurship. In sum, this study generates agenda for researchers to reach more conclusive evidence about the concept of entrepreneurship among the BOP community in Malaysia.
The Story Retold Visiting the Role and Mission of Non-Governmental Organizations in the Decision Making and Policy Formulation Process
Authors: Matiatou Maria
Published: October 2019

The mission of the present study is to establish a robust and reliable reference framework on the ecosystem of Non-Governmental Organizations and the Third Sector for literature review in scholarly contributions and publications. Two goals are set: first, to re-establish the importance of Nongovernmental Organizations as integral key players on the arena of social welfare in an era that is largely defined by globalized economies, debt-ridden states, limited resources, increased competition for donations and volunteers, and enhanced needs related to poverty and acceptable standards of living. Second, to position NGOs on the sphere of political influence where they negotiate agendas, form coalitions with local and international partners, mobilize constituencies for policy change, and ultimately engage in all stages of the policy process. Finally, the absence of a concrete evaluation system is pointed out: an accountability framework is fundamental to the assessment of NGO performance and impact on their intended beneficiaries.
The Reality of Mobile Payment Systems and Social Inclusion in Latin America
Authors: Martínez-Fiestas Myriam , Oviedo-Cáceres Katia , Rodriguez-Garzon Ignacio
Published: October 2019

This chapter describes the role of mobile payment systems in Latin America as a means leading ultimately to social inclusion and financial inclusion. Specifically, the first section will discuss the social disparity in Latin America and the existence of financial and social exclusion. The second section will analyze Latin America's mobile payment systems, the region's current panorama of mobile money, the general trends that characterize money and the business models used for mobile money.The third section will review mobile money as a mechanism of financial inclusion and its role in reducing poverty in Latin America. This section will also analyze the barriers to financial inclusion.The fourth section will focus on the risks of mobile payment systems such as money laundering and terrorism funding.The chapter will conclude by comparing the similarities and differences of mobile payment systems that contribute to social inclusion implemented in Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Paraguay and Argentina.
Mann Deshi Foundation
Authors: Balkawade Minakshi
Published: October 2019

Women in India, especially in the rural areas remain a deprived lot from mainstream education, employment, and productive resources, causing their marginalisation, poverty and social exclusion. The Government of India initiated various policies and programmes for development of rural entrepreneurship, including women. Nevertheless many of these programmes bungled owing to lack of tailor-made solutions to suit a particular rural environment. Thus SHGs, were used as a conduit to identify the needs of the rural community. Further various NGOs, and other voluntary organisations forayed in through their respective rural developmental models. This chapter attempts to demonstrate efforts and underscores the progress made by one such organisation, amidst a host of challenges in creating micro-entrepreneurs - the Mann Deshi Foundation in the State of Maharashtra, launched with an intent of human capital formation and human resource development through its b-school - Udyogini, in conjunction with the Mann Deshi Mahila Sahakari Bank and the Mann Deshi Chamber of Commerce for Rural Women.
Beyond Handicap, Pity, and Inspiration
Authors: Rudstam Hannah , Golden Thomas , Bruyere Susanne , Van Looy Sara , Gower Wendy Strobel
Published: October 2019

Individuals with disabilities represent a substantial portion of the U.S. population and workforce. Yet, disability is often not meaningfully included in diversity and inclusion efforts in the workplace or in higher education. This chapter focuses on ten misperceptions that have fueled the marginalization of disability in diversity and inclusion efforts. These ten misperceptions revolve around a range of issues: Legal, human and practical. We provide an overview of each misperception and discuss implications for diversity and workforce development practitioners, with a focus on higher education settings. In conclusion, we urge readers to consider their own organizations in light of each of these ten misperceptions.
The Use of iPad® Devices and “Apps” for ASD Students in Special Education and Speech Therapy
Authors: O'Connor Jr. Johnny R. , Jackson Keonta N.
Published: October 2019

This chapter presents an examination of the various uses of iPads and applications (“apps”) for students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in special education and speech therapy settings. Although many individuals view these technologies as less academic and as more entertainment or “busy tasks,” if appropriately vetted, and with proper training, they can serve a significant purpose in the lives of individuals with ASD. Using this technology in educational and therapeutic environments can further extend the often static approach to education and therapy treatments to a more fluid and flexible approach meeting the varied and individualized needs of students with ASD.
Wheelchair Access and Inclusion Barriers on Campus
Authors: Amaral Maryan
Published: October 2019

Students with disabilities are achieving greater success in high school and attending post-secondary institutions at higher rates than ever before. However, disabled students are graduating at a lower rate than their able-bodied peers. Federally legislated mandates on accessibility have strengthened over the past decades, yet statistics suggest that inclusion, access, and support services for students are inadequate. Universal Design principles and barrier-free concepts are beginning to trend as possible solutions to higher education inclusion barriers. The universal design paradigm shifts the focus from providing accommodations for individual students to removing barriers in the environment and thus promoting universal access. This chapter will explore the barriers to inclusive education that students with disabilities face and propose solutions to create more inclusive and welcoming campuses that facilitate the success of all students.
Teacher Preparatory Programs and Culturally Responsive Teaching
Authors: Raghunandan-Jack Nadira
Published: October 2019

This text focuses on culturally responsive education programs within higher education institutions. The first section traces the historical roots of culturally responsive teaching and explores why it is a pivotal component necessary for pre-service students to comprehend. The next section emphasizes strategies that are currently used within the higher education sector to expose students to culturally competent practices in the classroom. Among the strategies that are discussed are community based immersion experiences, diversity and multi-cultural courses and student teaching experiences. The chapter then closes with a framework for recommendation and improvements for higher education institutions to implement to further refine and strengthen teacher preparatory programs.
Creating Inclusive Classroom
Authors: Li Jiacheng , Li Yan , Huang Ying , Huang Liujuan , Zheng Binyao
Published: October 2019

From the 1980s, there are three steps to understand and adopt the inclusive education belief and theory in China. In today's Chinese schools, the typical inclusive education is implemented at the classroom level, but with unique context and content compared with the practices in the Western world. Banzhuren, a very special role in Chinese school, has witnessed the development of each child and plays a very important role in student development. Banzhuren creates the inclusive atmosphere for all students, engages every student in the classroom-based activities, and works with other teachers and parents to develop the classroom community. Authors surveyed students in two classes on their experience, values, understanding and expectation on inclusive education in the classroom. Based on the data, the authors found that the banzhurens involved have fulfilled their potentials to achieve the inclusive classroom by multiple ways. The authors discussed the practical application, the limitations of the research, and future research directions about the inclusive classroom in China as well.
Equity and Inclusion in Today's Diverse and Inclusive 21st Century Classroom
Authors: Ruffin Tiece
Published: October 2019

This chapter shares the odyssey of one African-American teacher educator at a predominately white institution in a diverse learner's course fostering culturally responsive pre-service teachers with the tools to provide culturally responsive instruction for today's diverse and inclusive 21st century classroom. Early on in this journey, the instructor found that resistance, fear, and anxiety often ruled student perception of diverse learners in the inclusive classroom. Therefore, through action research the African-American teacher educator collected data, and subsequently planned, implemented, and monitored various actions designed to lessen pre-service teacher resistance, anxiety, and fear of student diversities in the classroom while fostering culturally responsive teachers for the diverse and inclusive 21st century classroom. Ultimately, these experiences mitigated the fears and concerns of preservice teachers around the enormity of diversities in the classroom and equipped them with tools for success.
Supporting Secondary Students with Disabilities in an Inclusive Environment
Authors: Epler Pam L.
Published: October 2019

This chapter is designed to inform and educate secondary (Grades 6–12) pre-service teachers on how to provide content and design assignments for students within the special education continuum. The chapter is divided into 12 sections, one for each IDEA disability category. Each section includes the definition and characteristics of the specific category as well as how it impacts learning. The prevalence of the exceptionality occurring in the secondary classroom is also discussed, thus informing pre-service teacher candidates about which disability categories they are most likely to encounter while teaching. Also included in each section is a discussion and examples of various research-based instructional strategies and assignments as well as resources such as websites or illustrations that can be utilized.
Assessing the Functions of Behavior for Students with Autism in the Inclusive Classroom Environment
Authors: Gilic Lina , Chamblin Michelle
Published: October 2019

Over the last decade, there has been a significant increase in the identification of students with Autism. According to research and the laws that guide Special Education, inclusive settings benefit both students with and without disabilities. However, teaching students with Autism in inclusive settings can bring about challenges, as teachers are responsible to effectively manage academic and social behaviors. Years of research support the evidence that behaviors do not occur in isolation and behaviors serve a function, even those that are deemed as socially maladaptive. Today's classroom teachers need the tools necessary to identify the function of the student behavior so that appropriate strategies can be applied. Based on the evidence, these strategies can be used to target and transform socially significant behaviors required for successful inclusion and optimized independence.
An Integral Analysis of Labeling, Inclusion, and the Impact of the K-12 School Experience on Gifted Boys
Authors: Alisat Laurie , Clarke Veronika Bohac
Published: October 2019

Gifted learners are frequently marginalized in community classrooms, as they are placed in competition for special education support, with the students who struggle to meet the minimal curricular demands. In this chapter, we describe the practices of identifying and labelling gifted boys, from the perspective of gifted boys attending high school and from the perspectives of a school system. The case discussed is a large urban public school system, which endeavours to effectively identify gifted students and provide them with learner-centred learning environments. We use Wilber's (2000, 2006) Integral model as a conceptual framework to analyze the findings from an empirical study of gifted boys' school experiences (Alisat, 2013). These findings are also supported by our critical praxis, observing and conversing with gifted young people. The Integral Model is a useful framework for understanding the multiple factors impacting gifted students' daily experiences, engagement and achievement.
Nature-Inspired-Based PTS for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems
Authors: Mounir Mohamed , El Mashade Mohamed Bakry , Gaba Gurjot Singh
Published: October 2019

OFDM is widely used in high data rate applications due to its ability to mitigate frequency selectivity. However, OFDM suffers from high PAPR problem. This degrades the system performance. PTS is a promising PAPR reduction technique. However, its computational complexity is large; to reduce it, different suboptimal solution (heuristics) were presented in literature. Heuristics PTS algorithms can be categorized into descent-heuristics and metaheuristics. In this chapter, descent-heuristics-based PTS and metaheuristics-based PTS are compared. Results showed that RS-PTS is the best one among descent-heuristics algorithms. Metaheuristics algorithms can also be classified into single solution-based methods and nature-inspired methods. Among metaheuristics algorithms, two natural inspired algorithms and one single solution-based methods, namely PSO, ABC, and SA, were selected to be compared with descent-heuristics algorithms. Results showed that PTS based on nature-inspired methods is better than PTS based on descent heuristics and PTS based on single-solution metaheuristics method.
The Efficient Managemnet of Renewable Energy Resources for Vanet-Cloud Communication
Authors: Kapoor Nitika , Kumar Yogesh
Published: October 2019

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) are networks that interconnect road and vehicles. The mobile nodes are used to connect themselves in self-organized manner. VANET is valuable that gives better performance and assures safe transportation system in prospect. Few of them are covered that helps in knowing the best protocol to be used in particular work. Initially, renewable energy is considered to be those sources that are derived either directly or indirectly from solar energy. Due to emission of harmful gases, in VANET, use of renewable resources come in existence. In another section of the chapter, various energy issues in VANET have been highlighted and added the concept of VANET-CLOUD. As cloud computing technologies have potential to improve the travelling experience and safety of roads by giving provision of various solutions like traffic lights synchronization, alternative routes, etc., VANET-CLOUD has been added at the end of the chapter.
Cluster Analysis Algorithms for RS and WWLLN Data Processing
Authors: Belikova Marina Yurevna , Glebova Alyona Viktorovna
Published: October 2019

Thunderstorm activity is indirectly taken into account when using statistics on forest fires. Another way is to use the data of the lightning discharge finding sensors. This chapter proposes using the data of the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN). To assess the probability of forest fire occurrence, it is necessary to know the energy and the spatial distribution of lightning discharges. For the analysis of the data of the storm-direction-finding WWLLN, it is proposed to use clustering algorithms. For the computational experiment, the region covering the Timiryazevskiy forestry of the Tomsk region (55.93 - 56.86) on the north, (83.94 - 85.07), and the data on lightning discharges registered by the WWLLN network in this region in July 2014. The sample data were 273 lightning discharges. The results of clustering are presented, as well as the image of the silhouette index for each object, the average value of the ASW index for grouping solutions obtained using the complete, kmeans, and dbscan algorithms.
Using Geographic Information Systems for Study of the Natural Fire Risk on the Territory of the Jewish Autonomous Region
Authors: Glagolev Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Zubareva Anna Mihailovna
Published: October 2019

This chapter presents a software complex to assess the fire hazard of a territory. The structure includes four subsystems: (1) collection and processing of ground-based remote monitoring data for environmental objects, including daily actual and forecast data of hydrometeorological stations, data on non-forest vegetation fires, and information on the state of vegetation in different time periods and locations of sources of fire; (2) a forecast of the spread of vegetation fires consisting of their calculated period and place of occurrence and calculated time of probable spread of grass fire to the nearest forest area; (3) a probabilistic forecast of fires to determine the areas of vegetation with high forest fire risks on a given day by using the author's method; and (4) planning strategies for the activities of fire services. The verification of this work was carried out on the territory of the Jewish Autonomous Region.
Analysis of Terrestrial Vegetation Trends and Correlation Between Vegetation Indices and Climatic Factors
Authors: M. Dhanapriya , Bhatt Hiren P. , S. P. Vyas
Published: October 2019

The chapter analyzes terrestrial vegetation trends and correlation of vegetation indices with climatic factors like LST, Net Radiation, and TRMM. The result shows the positive vegetation trend might be due to the increased vegetation growth and productivity. Negative vegetation trend might be due to changes in a crop choice. Correlation of vegetation indices with climatic factors like LST showed weak to moderate positive correlation. Net radiation showed moderate negative correlation and TRMM showed a weak negative or positive correlation for both the Kharif and Rabi seasons.
Landsat 7 SLC-Off gap-filling for interim data continuity in northern regions using a robust radiometric normalisation technique
Authors: Orazietti J , Olthof I , Fraser R
Published: October 2019

Much of the current climate change research in Canada involves monitoring northern environments, which require a continuous source of data for change detection. Unfortunately, data continuity of Landsat 7 imagery has been interrupted due to the recent failure of
the Scan Line Corrector (SLC), which compensates for the forward motion of the satellite. Although Landsat 7 data are still being acquired, each scene has gaps of no-data values due to the SLC failure. We have created a methodology to produce a consistent source of data for medium-resolution
northern biomass study and change detection until a suitable replacement for Landsat 7 is launched. The relatively short growing season and low sun angle in the north provide few opportunities for acquisition of usable earth observation data, and coupled with the failure of the SLC, further reduces
the amount of usable data per scene. Fortunately, the large overlap between adjacent orbits in northern Landsat scenes provides a potentially large sample to use for gap infilling. We propose normalization of scenes using overlap regions, semi-invariant targets and a robust regression technique
called Thiel-Sen prior to infilling gaps in SLC-Off imagery using the normalised adjacent scene. The new technique enhances the Level 1G (L1G) products provided by the USGS and is modification to gap-filling procedures in the data flow of the Gap-Fill Algorithm currently in use by the USGS. The
resulting imagery is much more suitable for biomass modelling using vegetation indices such as the Reduced Simple Ratio (RSR) and Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The current methodology shows great potential for maintaining data continuity of Landsat 7 imagery for northern
environmental monitoring procedures requiring the use of vegetation indices.
Comments on the applicability of room-temperature astatic gravity meters to secular gravity monitoring
Authors: Valliant H D
Published: October 2019

Drift characteristics, pressure dependence, temperature effects, and vibration effects were observed for three astatic room-temperature gravity meters. The results suggest that none of these meters are suitable for long term registration of non-tidal gravity but
maybe useful as earth-tide meters for determining tidal constituents.
Magnetotelluric two- and three-layer master curves
Authors: Srivastava S P
Published: October 2019

The curve matching method given by Cagniard (1953) to interpret magnetotelluric data in terms of layered resistivity models requires a set of master curves for two, three, or more layers, In this paper the master curve technique is extended to include the
theoretical developments of Wait (1962) and Price (1962) in which the dimensions of the inducing field are considered as well as the vertical distribution of resistivity. A large number or two- and three-layer master curves are given for the interpretation of field data. The calculations were done
on a computer using the formula given by Srivastava (1965). Curves for both apparent resistivity and phase are plotted as functions of period for various values of horizontal wave-length of the source and various layered models. Sorne cases in which it is difficult to interpret magnetotelluric data
by master curves are mentioned.
Results of observations made with the Ottawa reversible meridian circle 1954 - 1962
Authors: Woolsey E G
Published: October 2019

This catalogue contains the results of observations made at Ottawa with the Reversible Meridian Circ le during the period J anuary 1954 to December 1962. The pro gram consists of 1142 FK3 (Supp.) stars, 160 Ottawa zenith stars and 255 additional stars. The
additional stars include the FK3 stars omitted from the Apparent Places of Fundamental Stars, Kopff's replacement stars and stars from the Galactic Research list of Blaauw and Parenago. The published positions were determined differentially using the 1108 FK3 stars whose declinations are greater
than -27 °30' and whose positions are published in the APFS. The catalogue also gives the relative corrections to the fundamental stars in the form observed minus FK3 position. The program stars were observed at least six times: the probable error of a single observation is ''.28 in right
ascension and ''.34 in declination.