bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LA RÉGION ET L'INTÉGRATION EUROPÉENNE
Authors: THOUEZ JEAN‐PIERRE
Published: September 2010

La construction progressive de l'Europe, notamment l'élargissement de 6 à 15 États membres a fait passer le nombre des régions de 80 à 193. Toutefois, l'entité régionale recouvre une réalité dont la diversité résulte de l'histoire politique, socio‐économique et géographique des États membres. Avec les politiques nationales de décentralisation dans les années 1970 et avec les mécanismes communautaires visant à renforcer l'intégration européenne, on assiste à des initiatives régionales et à des rapprochements entre régions. En effet, l'entrée en vigueur du Système Monétaire Européen, l'inscription de la rédaction des déséquilibres régionaux dans l'Acte Unique Européen, les réformes des Fonds structurels, la création du Comité des régions et d'un Fonds de cohésion par le Traité de Maastricht sont autant de jalons de la reconnaissance des compétences des régions. Reconnaissance d'autant plus importante qu'elle s'appuie sur deux principes fondamentaux: partenariat dans l'initiative des projets et gestion des Fonds structurels; subsidiarité, parce que les organes de l'Union Européenne n'interviennent pas lorsque les discussions peuvent être traitées plus efficacement le plus près possible des citoyens. Les relations Communauté‐États membres ‐ régions préfigurent peut‐être une transformation du système politique européen dont la dynamique pourrait avoir des conséquences sur la gestion territoriale européenne.

The progressive construction of Europe, and more particularly its growth from 6 to 15 member states, has resulted in an increase from 80 to 193 in the number of European regions. Regional entities often regroup member states whose political, socio‐economic, and geographical histories are diverse. With the recognition of national policies promoting decentralization during the 70s and implementation of plans to encourage integration of member states, various regional initiatives and attempts to promote interregional relations have become more significant. Indeed, the arrival of the European monetary system, the enshrining of the reduction of regional disequilibrium in the Acte Unique Européen, the reform of structural funding, and the creation of the ‘Regions Committee’, as well as a cohesion fund in the Treaty of Maastricht, are just some of the measures undertaken which reflect the importance of regional entities. In fact, this recognition is all the more significant because it is based upon two fundamental principles: partnership in the initiation of projects and the administration of structural funds, and subsidiary jurisdiction insofar as European Union agencies do not intervene in areas where decisions can be made more efficiently by political and geographic entities that are closer to the citizens involved. The evolution of relations between the Community, the member states, and the regions may presage a transformation of the European political system in a way that could significantly affect the territorial administration of Europe.
The automobile imperative: Risks of mobility and mobility‐related risks
Authors: ANDREY JEAN
Published: September 2010

Each year, nearly one percent of Canadians is injured in traffic accidents. This paper focuses on the nature of road transportation risks in Canada ‐ the magnitude of the problem and the reasons for its persistence. A mobility‐based approach to road safety research is advocated because of its potential to both improve understanding and help work towards longterm solutions. The discussion is organized around two main themes: risks of mobility and mobility‐related risks. In the first instance, the focus is on linkages between quantity of travel/exposure and safety, especially over time. In the second theme, the emphasis is on linkages between quality of exposure and safety. Specific themes, including weather hazards and graduated licensing, are used to develop the second theme. The main conclusion is that casualty rates per unit of travel have declined over the past 25 years, largely due to improved engineering, enforcement and education, but that casualty levels and monetary costs remain high, largely because of the auto‐mobility imperative.

Chaque année, près de 1% des canadiens se blessent dans des accidents de la route. Cette communication s'intéresse à la nature du risque routier au Canada, plus spécifiquement sur l'ampleur du problème et les raisons de sa persistance. Une approche axée sur la mobilité est préconisée pour son potentiel à apporter une meilleure compréhension du problème et à faciliter la mise en place de solutions à long‐terme. La discussion s'organise autour de deux thèmes centraux: 1) le risque de la mobilité et 2) les risques liés à la mobilité. En premier lieu, les liens entre la quantité des déplacements/exposition au risque et la sécurité sont investigués à travers le temps. Pour le deuxiéme thème, l'accent est mis sur les liens entre la qualité de l'exposition et la securité. Des thèmes spécifiques incluant les conditions météorologiques et l'expérience de conduite sont utilisés pour développer le deuxième thème. La principale conclusion est que les taux de blessures par unité de déplacement ont diminué au cours des 25 dernières années, ce qui est en grande partie attribuable au progrès en ingénierie, à la mise en place de mesures coercitives et à l'éducation. Toutefois, la gravité des blessures et les coûts monétaires qui y sont liés demeurent élevés principalement à cause des impératifs de la mobilité automobile.
How Queer!—The Development of Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation in LGBTQ‐Headed Families
Authors: ISTAR LEV ARLENE
Published: September 2010

This paper focuses on the impact of heteronormativity on research and clinical theory, utilizing the case of a lesbian couple with a young gender dysphoric child as a backdrop to discuss the contextual unfolding of gender development within a lesbian parented family. The extant research on LGBTQ‐headed families has minimized the complexity of children's developing gender identity and sexual orientation living in queer families, and has been guided by heteronormative assumptions that presume a less optimal outcome if the children of LGBTQ parents are gay or transgender themselves. This article challenges family therapists to recognize the enormous societal pressure on LGBTQ parents to produce heterosexual, gender‐normative children, and the expectations on their children, especially those questioning their own sex or gender identities.
Spiritual Diversity: Multifaith Perspectives in Family Therapy
Authors: WALSH FROMA
Published: September 2010

This paper addresses the growing diversity and complexity of spirituality in society and within families. This requires a broadly inclusive, multifaith approach in clinical training and practice. Increasingly, individuals, couples, and families seek, combine, and reshape spiritual beliefs and practices—within and among faiths and outside organized religion—to fit their lives and relationships. With rising faith conversion and interfaith marriages, the paper examines challenges in multifaith families, particularly with marriage, childrearing, and the death of a loved one. Clinical guidelines, cautions, and case examples are offered to explore the role and significance of spiritual beliefs and practices in couple and family relationships; to identify spiritual sources of distress and relational conflict; and to draw potential spiritual resources for healing, well‐being, and resilience, fitting client values and preferences.
A Socio‐Emotional Approach to Couple Therapy: Linking Social Context and Couple Interaction
Authors: KNUDSON‐MARTIN CARMEN , HUENERGARDT DOUGLAS
Published: September 2010

This paper introduces Socio‐Emotional Relationship Therapy (SERT), an approach designed to intervene in socio‐cultural processes that limit couples' ability to develop mutually supportive relationships, especially within heterosexual relationships. SERT integrates recent advances in neurobiology and the social context of emotion with social constructionist assumptions regarding the fluid and contextual nature of gender, culture, personal identities, and relationship patterns. It advances social constructionist practice through in‐session experiential work focused on 4 conditions foundational to mutual support—mutual influence, shared vulnerability, shared relationship responsibility, and mutual attunement. In contrast to couple therapy models that mask power issues, therapist neutrality is not considered possible or desirable. Instead, therapists position themselves to counteract social inequalities. The paper illustrates how empathic engagement of a socio‐culturally attuned therapist sets the stage for new socio‐cultural experience as it is embodied neurologically and physically in the relationship and discusses therapy as societal intervention.
The Rise of Class Culture Theory in Educational Anthropology
Authors: Foley Douglas
Published: September 2010

This article chronicles how the ideas of neo‐Weberians, Marxists, feminists, and critical race thinkers have merged to create a new cultural production or class culture paradigm of schooling. Reviews of recent ethnographic work illustrates how the articulations among class, race, gender, and sexual identity practices in schools are studied without privileging one standpoint over another. This paradigm shift signals the demise of earlier cultural transmissions and modernization paradigms in the field. [class culture theory, cultural production, articulations, cultural transmission]
Quality of Care for Acute Myocardial Infarction in 58 U.S. Emergency Departments
Authors: Tsai Chu‐Lin , Magid David J. , Sullivan Ashley F. , Gordon James A. , Kaushal Rainu , Michael Ho P. , Peterson Pamela N. , Blumenthal David , Camargo Carlos A.
Published: September 2010

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:940–950 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Objectives:  The objectives of this study were to determine concordance of emergency department (ED) management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with guideline recommendations and to identify ED and patient characteristics predictive of higher guideline concordance.

Methods:  The authors conducted a chart review study of ED AMI care as part of the National Emergency Department Safety Study (NEDSS). Using a primary hospital discharge diagnosis of AMI (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD‐9‐CM], codes 410.XX), a random sample of ED visits for AMI in 58 urban EDs across 20 U.S. states between 2003 and 2006 were identified. Concordance with American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guideline recommendations was evaluated using five individual quality measures and a composite concordance score. Concordance scores were calculated as the percentage of eligible patients who received guidelines‐recommended care. These percentage scores were rescaled from 0 to 100, with 100 indicating perfect concordance.

Results:  The cohort consisted of 3,819 subjects; their median age was 65 years, and 62% were men. The mean (± standard deviation [SD]) ED composite concordance score was 61 ± 8), with a broad range of values (42 to 84). Except for aspirin use (mean concordance, 82), ED concordance scores were low (beta‐blocker use, 56; timely electrocardiogram [ECG], 41; timely fibrinolytic therapy, 26; timely ED disposition for primary percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI] candidates, 43). In multivariable analyses, older age (beta‐coefficient per 10‐year increase, −1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −2.4 to −0.5) and southern EDs (beta‐coefficient, −5.2; 95% CI = −9.6 to −0.9) were associated with lower guideline concordance, whereas ST‐segment elevation on initial ED ECG was associated with higher guideline concordance (beta‐coefficient, 3.6; 95% CI = 1.5 to 5.7).

Conclusions:  Overall ED concordance with guideline‐recommended processes of care was low to moderate. Emergency physicians should continue to work with other stakeholders in AMI care, such as emergency medical services (EMS) and cardiologists, to develop strategies to improve care processes.
A Randomized, Double‐blind, Sham‐controlled Trial Comparing Two Screening Devices for Radiation Contamination
Authors: Salen Philip , Porter Mathew , Watts David , Stoltzfus Jill , Lynch Alan , Michaelis Christopher , Melanson Scott
Published: September 2010

Objectives:  This exploratory study compared the screening ability of a newly introduced radiation detection portal with a traditional Geiger counter for detection of radiation contamination in the setting of a mass casualty training exercise.

Methods:  Following a pretrial evaluation of interobserver reliability for Geiger counter use, 30 volunteers were randomly assigned to don gowns containing three disks, each of which was either a sham resembling the radioactive samples or an actual cesium‐137 sample; each subject participated a minimum of four times with different gowns each time. Each subject underwent standard radioactivity screening with the Geiger counter and the portal.

Results:  Interobserver reliability was excellent between the two Geiger counter screeners in the pretrial exercise, correctly identifying 101 of 102 sham and radioactive samples (κ = 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.94 to 1.00). For radioactively labeled subjects across all bodily locations, the portal (43/61, or 70.5%; 95% CI = 58.1% to 80.5%) was less sensitive than the Geiger counter screening (61/61, or 100%; 95% CI = 92.9% to 100%), which resulted in a portal false‐negative rate of 29.5%. For radiation detection in the posterior thorax, the portal radiation screening (4/19, or 21.1%; 95% CI = 8% to 43.9%) was less accurate than the Geiger counter (19/19, or 100%; 95% CI 80.2% to 100%). In contrast, there were no major differences between the portal and the Geiger counter for radiation detection at the left shoulder, right shoulder, or sham (nonradiation) detection. There were no false‐positive detections of the sham‐labeled subjects for either device, yielding a specificity of 100% for both screening modalities.

Conclusions:  Geiger counter screening was more sensitive than, and equally specific to, radiation detection portal screening in detecting radioactively labeled subjects during a radiation mass casualty drill.

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:1020–1023 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
INTRODUCTION: PREPARING ANTHROPOLOGISTS FOR THE 21stCENTURY
Authors: Guerrón‐Montero Carla
Published: September 2010

With its sustained emphasis on creating, implementing, and maintaining positive impacts on issues of local, national, and global importance, applied anthropology continues to be a crucial and relevant field of study. Its practitioners demonstrate their engagement in multifarious ways both in and outside the academy, showcasing their commitment not only to the tenets of academic rigor, but also to challenges shaped by real‐world situations. This unique volume of 14 articles by 16 academics and practitioners provides specific advice to students on both the tangible benefits and potential disadvantages of careers in applied anthropology in the national and international arenas. Contributors offer practical, step‐by‐step advice on practicing anthropology with an M.A. degree, careers in national and international consultancy, small consulting business development, executive leadership, combining careers in applied anthropology and the academy, field school training, collaborative research and public engagement, applied anthropology in nonanthropological settings, among others. Although most draw on their personal life histories and careers as illustrations, their focus is on reflection, analysis, and recommendations that result from their experiences. The contributors to this volume stress the contemporary relevance of anthropology, the advantages of obtaining training in anthropology, and the plethora of opportunities to put anthropology to use in the real world with exceptional results.
RECENT CHANGES AND TRENDS IN THE PRACTICE OF APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY
Authors: Kedia Satish
Published: September 2010

The emergent global economy of the 21st century will create an ever greater need for research‐based information and pragmatic utilization of social science skills, creating new work opportunities for applied anthropologists in a variety of settings. However, anthropologists may need to adjust their traditional roles and tasks, approaches and methods, and priorities and guidelines to practice their craft effectively. Anthropological training and education must be based in sound ethnographic techniques, using contemporary tools, participatory methods, and interdisciplinary knowledge in order to accommodate faster‐paced work environments and to disseminate their findings efficiently to a diverse audience while fulfilling the goal of empowering and enabling humans around the world to address social, economic, and health issues, along with other pressing concerns facing their communities.
MASTERING THE ART OF THE M.A. PROGRAM AND BEYOND
Authors: Redding Terry
Published: September 2010

This chapter provides advice and ideas to those who are seeking to enter, already enrolled in, or, just completing an M.A. program in applied anthropology. The chapter first addresses the topic of finding an M.A. program, and includes information on funding, meeting individual student needs, and anecdotal information from several graduate programs. Next, the chapter briefly explores building an appropriate graduate school experience as well as strategies for successfully balancing academic and interpersonal lives. The last and most detailed section covers the transition from graduate school into the workplace, particularly in regards to job searches, the importance of networking, and the application and enhancement of skills learned in school. Thoughts on the benefits of an internship, what to do with a completed thesis, and how and where to find jobs are included. Relevant resources available for further reference are noted throughout the text, including an informative survey of M.A. graduates and their current status. The author uses his personal experiences and those of his associates to illustrate trends in the field for future professionals aspiring to practice anthropology with a master's degree. On completion of the chapter, the reader should have a realistic and practical notion of where an M.A. in applied anthropology might lead, and how best to achieve the outcome desired.
SMALL FISH IN A BIG POND: AN APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGIST IN NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Gilden Jennifer
Published: September 2010

This chapter relates the experiences of an applied anthropologist working in fisheries management. Although anthropology and other social sciences have much to contribute to fisheries management, fisheries managers focus mainly on biology and economics, and many are unaware of the contributions that social science can make. Motivation and effort are necessary to counteract the isolation that social scientists in biological fields can experience. Armed with an interdisciplinary background, a supportive community, a strong will, and an open mind, applied anthropologists working in fisheries management can bring new perspectives and solutions to this complex and challenging arena.
MOVING PAST PUBLIC ANTHROPOLOGY AND DOING COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH
Authors: Lassiter Luke Eric
Published: September 2010

This article is about moving past the debates and arguments concerning public anthropology and how students can realize public engagement via collaborative research (i.e., between and among researchers and local communities of collaborators). I suggest that students should be aware of at least the basics of the current debates surrounding public anthropology; that they should appreciate, as many have argued before, that these debates represent only a point of departure in a much larger anthropological project; and finally, that although students can engage in applied, publicly oriented work (regardless of what you may call it) in many different ways, collaborative research practice presents a special opportunity to do so. I thus begin with a very brief statement about moving past public anthropology, follow this with some of my own ideas about collaborative ethnography and public engagement, and suggest some general advice for doing collaborative research.
COLLABORATION, COOPERATION, AND WORKING TOGETHER: ANTHROPOLOGISTS CREATING A SPACE FOR RESEARCH AND ACADEMIC PARTNERSHIPS
Authors: Moreno‐Black Geraldine , Homchampa Pissamai
Published: September 2010

In this chapter, we discuss the nature and growing reliance on collaborative work. We specifically focus on the current literature on collaboration and the use and relevance of collaborative work for anthropologists. We also note differences in perceptions about collaboration, as well as the acceptability of collaborative research and coauthorship across disciplines. We use instances from our careers as a way to illustrate examples of collaborative work in Anthropology. Our main focus is to highlight the productive and sometimes transformative nature of this type of work. We also discuss the barriers that collaborators may face as well as some of the problems they can encounter. Although each collaborative situation is different we identify several areas and issues that can be addressed at the early stages and that can be helpful for developing a successful collaboration. We also offer suggestions for successful collaborative research and writing and provide some guidelines and advice to those who may be considering or embarking on collaborative work. Finally, because collaborative work between professors and students can present unique issues, we highlight several important aspects of the professor–student relationship that need to be addressed in order for this type of collaboration to be successful.
CREATING YOUR OWN CONSULTING BUSINESS
Authors: Littlefield Carla N. , González‐Clements Emilia
Published: September 2010

As academic positions become more competitive, many anthropologists are exploring the possibilities for creating their own consulting businesses. However, entrepreneurship is not a topic usually taught in graduate anthropology programs. In this article, two anthropologists provide advice on starting and operating a consulting business. The purpose of this article is to acquaint the budding professional with the basics of starting and operating a small business based on the skills, educational background, and experience of a professional anthropologist. The first part, Small Business Start‐Up, describes the process of creating a business, from conducting a self‐assessment to developing a plan to promote your services. The second part, Operating the Small Business, provides several frameworks for delivering good consultant services, from understanding the consulting process to an introduction to project management. Anthropologists are trained in data collection, analysis, and interpretation. We may also receive instruction on research design and how to conduct fieldwork and research. Our anthropological training in observing and understanding the beliefs and behaviors of groups, as well as seeing things from the client's unique perspective, gives us an edge as consultants. Our training helps us work in other cultural settings, and to work with different groups and subgroups. The authors emphasize networking as a fundamental promotion strategy that can take place at professional meetings (local, regional, or national) or with community organizations relevant to one's business (organizations, foundations, or coalitions). This article includes several useful websites for start‐up topics and for networking with other anthropologists.
USING ANTHROPOLOGY OVERSEAS
Authors: Nolan Riall W.
Published: September 2010

Applied anthropologists commonly work overseas, particularly in the areas of international development and humanitarian assistance. The competencies or skill sets they bring to this work make them exceptionally well‐suited to succeed. At the same time, their training does not fully prepare them either to compete successfully for international assignments with other nonanthropologist candidates, or for some of the challenges they may face in the field. This article outlines the qualifications needed for employment in international development and humanitarian assistance, and breaks down these qualifications into categories. I then look in detail at how students, even in a very traditional anthropology program, can prepare themselves for employment as practitioners in the international arena. The article provides an outline of the structure of today's “development industry” and describes how development organizations identify and hire candidates. I describe how to use a simple Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) technique to establish one's own areas of particular strength before entering the job market. I then describe a simple and straightforward approach to job‐hunting, interviewing, and evaluating job offers. Throughout this article, I stress that although the strength and quality of anthropology's contribution to overseas work can be considerable, academic preparation alone is not enough—anthropologists who work overseas in development or humanitarian assistance must have more to offer than research skills alone, and must be able to work effectively with others, many of whom will come from different cultural and/or disciplinary backgrounds. I conclude by reminding practitioners in the field to maintain strong connections with their academic roots and to contribute to the transformation of anthropology from a discipline into a true profession.
BECOMING AN INTERNATIONAL CONSULTANT
Authors: Maynard‐Tucker Gisele
Published: September 2010

The goals of this article are to give students advice related to entering the world of development and a clear view of the responsibilities and pitfalls that come along with the profession of international consultancy as applied anthropologists. In doing so, I discuss the necessary skills required, such as a background in research, knowledge of foreign and vernacular languages, and fieldwork experience. I also give some advice about contacting development agencies and preparing for overseas work. In addition, I comment on what to expect while working in developing countries in the field of public health. In order to illustrate some of the interventions, I have drawn examples from my own experiences in the field. Motivation is very important for this career and students must be aware that although the profession may be exciting, it is also difficult and demanding. Apart from giving counsel, I have attempted to show that being a consultant is a great opportunity to learn more about the human race and that the job is full of challenges and rewards.
COMMUNITY, CONTEXT, AND THE PRESENTATION OF SELF IN DISTRIBUTED WORKPLACE INTERACTION
Authors: Youngblood Michael
Published: September 2010

Instantaneous communications technology has made it possible for distant coworkers to be interconnected to an unprecedented degree. Despite this, distributed workers often feel deeply disconnected from the production and performance of conventional workplace relationships and workplace culture. As the knowledge economy workforce trends toward ever‐greater distribution and globalization, this raises important questions about the practice and experience of creative coengagement by colleagues who are not proximate to each other in time and space. How are shared understandings of workers' behavioral norms disseminated and practiced when workers are physically isolated from the collective workspace? How are relationships of collegiality and hierarchy constructed and performed through increasingly narrow channels of social interaction? How do workers signal their energy and commitment to a collective creative enterprise when their actual productive activity is largely invisible to others with whom and for whom they work? This article draws on my research with distributed knowledge workers, informal observations of colleagues, and personal experiences working as an independent consultant in distributed settings. It focuses on the challenges these workers face in defining their workplace community and effectively representing their professional selfhood when working at a distance. In this article I suggest that one key to alleviating these challenges is to extend the attributes of “placehood” to distant work spaces.
LIVING A DISTRIBUTED LIFE: MULTILOCALITY AND WORKING AT A DISTANCE
Authors: Jordan Brigitte
Published: September 2010

In the last few years, new collaboration and communication technologies have led to a deterritorialization of work, allowing for the rise of new work‐ and lifestyles. In this article, I use my own transition from the life of a corporate researcher to that of a multilocal mobile consultant for tracking some of the patterns I see in a changing cultural and economic environment where work and workers are no longer tied to a specific place of work. My main interest lies in identifying some of the behavioral shifts that are happening as people are caught up in and attempt to deal with this changing cultural landscape. Writing as a knowledge worker who now moves regularly from a work–home place in the Silicon Valley of California to another in the tropical lowlands of Costa Rica, I use my personal transition as a lens through which to trace new, emergent patterns of behavior, of values, and of social conventions. I assess the stresses and joys, the upsides and downsides, the challenges and rewards of this work‐ and lifestyle and identify strategies for making such a life successful and rewarding. Throughout, there emerges an awareness of the ways in which the personal patterns described reflect wider trends and cumulatively illustrate global transformation of workscapes and lifescapes. These types of local patterns in fact constitute the on‐the‐ground material reality of global processes that initiate and sustain widespread culture change and emergent societal transformations.
DISENTANGLING PATTERNS OF A NOMADIC LIFE
Authors: Meerwarth Tracy L.
Published: September 2010

As a corporate anthropologist who studies how work gets accomplished in the spaces and places workers inhabit, I have become keenly aware of the patterns of behaviors and emotions that arise from my experience as a nomadic worker. The term nomadic comprehends the multiple and geographically distributed sites across a landscape where work gets accomplished. The term suggests a rhythm of movement during which time workers are enabled by technology to pull away from a centralized core and travel across the landscape with homes and work on their backs. In this article, I explore reconceptualizations of physical space (e.g., home, away, and transitional) and the shifting changes in relationships (e.g., with communities, friends), which emerge with my increased mobility. I argue that although the media illustrates the seamlessness and ease of social integration and mobility that technology offers, it is often a distortion of a nomadic worker's reality. Personal conflict and tension often arise when trying to manage culturally valued concepts such as integration and mobility simultaneously. I deconstruct my conflict and identify areas for growth in my experience as a nomadic worker.
INTERRUPTIONS AND INTERTASKING IN DISTRIBUTED KNOWLEDGE WORK
Authors: Lange Patricia G.
Published: September 2010

I analyze ethnographic practices in a distributed, on‐line research project. Through self‐reflexive investigation of interactions with family and interviewees, I discuss challenges that I faced when doing distributed work from home and I problematize assumed benefits of “multitasking” and “flexible” home‐based work. By examining remote work (such as interviewing people on‐line), I show that “multitasking” inaccurately describes certain work processes which are not actually executed simultaneously. I propose the term intertasking to describe activities that are interleaved in short intervals to satisfy multiple and often‐conflicting work demands. I explore whether multitasking and intertasking are gendered or smuggle in moralistic judgments and conclude that multitasking and intertasking may be effaced or judged differently by people with different work styles. I reveal these dynamics so that members of distributed projects and teams can design processes, tasks, and tools that accommodate different dispositions with regard to doing several things in a short amount of time.
THE BLUR: BALANCING APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY, ACTIVISM, AND SELF VIS‐À‐VIS IMMIGRANT COMMUNITIES
Authors: Unterberger Alayne
Published: September 2010

Anthropologists who work with immigrant communities engage in culture change while balancing challenges, competing priorities, and politics. This Bulletin provides a rare view into the personal and professional when working as both an advocate and an academic simultaneously. I provide a basic overview of the history of anthropologists engaging immigrant communities, which overlaps with the movement of anthropology and education, Americanization projects, and refugee anthropology. Next, I present an overview of three themes that emerge from the articles in this Bulletin. I end with a series of discussion points that could be utilized for classes or as a framework for anthropologists engaged with vulnerable immigrant groups in social change. I appreciate the amazing efforts of all the contributors in this Bulletin and the unwavering support provided to us by David Himmelgreen and Satish Kedia, coeditors of the NAPA Bulletin series, without which this Bulletin would not have happened at all.
IMMIGRANTS FLEEING A DYING INDUSTRY: APPLYING RAPID ETHNOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES TO THE STUDY OF TOBACCO FARMWORKERS
Authors: Griffith David
Published: September 2010

Recent assaults on the tobacco industry have led to a decline in tobacco production across North Carolina, the largest tobacco producing state in the nation. Although a great deal of attention has been focused on tobacco farmers, considerably less work has been aimed at determining the effects of these changes on tobacco farmworkers, many of whom are Latinos. In this article, I discuss Rapid Ethnographic Assessment Procedures used to estimate the impact of changes in the tobacco industry on tobacco farmworkers. I find that the tobacco farm labor force is highly complex and that the effects of the economic downturns have had fewer effects on Latino farmworkers than on tobacco farm owners, in part because of the Latinization of the rural South.
Juramentos AND Mandas: TRADITIONAL CATHOLIC PRACTICES AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE IN MEXICAN COMMUNITIES OF SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA
Authors: García Víctor , González Laura
Published: September 2010

This article describes the use of traditional Catholic beliefs and practices by Mexican sojourners in southeastern Pennsylvania to deal with and overcome substance abuse. Two practices in particular are the focus: juramentos and mandas. Juramentos are ritual promises to a saint, made by a drinker or drug user, to abstain from drinking or using drugs; whereas mandas are requests or pleas for divine intervention in protecting a loved one from dangers, including from substance abuse, made by the wives and mothers of the substance users. These religious practices were observed and studied while conducting alcohol and drug abuse research in southeastern Pennsylvania and teaching an ethnographic field school in Mexican sending communities to this region of the United States.
LIFE IN THE 813: ONE DAY A MIGRANT STUDENT, THE NEXT A GANGSTER
Authors: Unterberger Alayne
Published: September 2010

In this article, I summarize, through the use of two case studies, the anthropological contributions when working with farmworker–migrant youth who have become “gang‐involved.” The Florida Institute for Community Studies (FICS) worked with a total of 65 youth and their families in a federal antigang initiative, with one session being held in a Presbyterian‐based farmworker mission and another at a middle school. Both groups of youth live in rural Hillsborough County, Florida, with a lack of afterschool or other prosocial opportunities outside of school. I share my personal experiences and reflections on how I got involved in working with gangs, which had not been a priority for me in the past. One area of concern was our finding that youth were recruited into gangs and risky behaviors through friendship and familial networks. The school‐based youth did not fare as well as the mission‐based group, principally because of labeling by the school and the lack of autonomy of youth in a school setting to take ownership of the program. I provide recommendations for anthropologists working with youth who live “la vida loca” or the crazy life.
THIRTY CANS OF BEEF STEW AND A THONG: ANTHROPOLOGIST AS ACADEMIC, ADMINISTRATOR, AND ACTIVIST IN THE U.S.–MEXICO BORDER REGION
Authors: Martínez Konane M.
Published: September 2010

This article explores the role of the anthropologist working with immigrant communities in the U.S.–Mexico Border Region. As an anthropologist, I have had to negotiate my role as an academic, administrator, and activist. The article examines these three roles by analyzing the experience of the anthropologist with immigrant communities and agencies over the past nine years and during the southern California wildfires of 2007. While in many ways the three roles are categorically distinct, they are also connected and work to inform each other. The position of an applied anthropologist in the U.S.–Mexico border has allowed for development of practical and applied solutions to help improve the wellbeing of immigrant communities. This form of applied, practical, yet academically grounded work has the potential to elevate the anthropology of immigration beyond that of traditional researcher.
ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING AND URBAN FOOD ACCESS IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
Authors: Rosing Howard
Published: September 2010

The article describes how economic restructuring in the Dominican Republic during the 1980s and 1990s established the basis for urban food access challenges during the 2000s. Primarily based on research in Santiago, the second largest Dominican city, the article provides insights into how export‐oriented development strategies, expanding trade liberalization, domestic political struggles, and patriarchal relations influenced access to food for low‐income residents. During the early 2000s, many Santiago residents were engaged in an elaborate, androcentric exchange network that linked gendered income‐generating strategies to credit‐bearing food merchants who were, in turn, conjoined to a sequence of brokers all of whom were eventually linked to domestic and international producers by credit relations. Analysis of these findings illustrates how and why this exchange network existed, the importance of credit relations to its maintenance, and the ways in which government and U.S. food policies influenced urban provisioning patterns among the most economically and socially vulnerable population of Santiago. I argue that the rapidly changing social and spatial configurations of Latin American and Caribbean cities calls for innovative applied anthropological research into the processes that structure access to food resources by food insecure groups. By focusing on household food procurement in conjunction with exchange relations for a key staple, the article highlights practices and policies that enable and constrain food access for such groups. The article provides empirical data relevant to scholars and practitioners concerned with understanding the structural origins of the present‐day food crisis in developing countries.
THE FORGOTTEN POPULATION? YOUTH, FOOD INSECURITY, AND RISING PRICES: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE GLOBAL FOOD CRISIS
Authors: Hadley Craig , Belachew Tefera , Lindstrom David , Tessema Fasil
Published: September 2010

The global food crisis has led to increased interest in food insecurity and its causes and consequences. Much of the focus however has been on mothers and young children, with little attention paid to the possible impacts on the large population of youth in developing countries. The objectives of this paper are to (1) draw attention to the food insecurity experience of a forgotten population, youth; (2) test whether the prevalence of  food insecurity among Ethiopian adolescents is increasing with the rising cost of foods; and (3) to identify some individual, household, temporal, and spatial predictors of vulnerability. Data are drawn from a baseline survey in 2006 and a follow‐up survey round conducted in 2007 of an ongoing population‐based longitudinal study of approximately 2,100 youth living in southwestern Ethiopia. Results show high levels of food insecurity among youth, a marked increase in the experience of food insecurity among youth, and a bias in vulnerability toward youth in the poorest households and in rural households. During the intersurvey period boys were also more likely than girls to become food insecure. This latter finding effectively eliminates the gender bias in food insecurity observed in the baseline survey. Youth who became food insecure between survey rounds were also more likely to report worse health in 2007 than in 2006. Collectively our results suggest that youth are not being adequately buffered from food insecurity, and that generalizations about the current food crisis may be too broad and, thus, misrepresent vulnerable groups. Future research should focus on how to best protect vulnerable youth from the experience of food insecurity and its consequences.
LAVICHÈ: HAITI'S VULNERABILITY TO THE GLOBAL FOOD CRISIS
Authors: Mazzeo John
Published: September 2010

In April 2008, the global rise in food prices reached a breaking point in Haiti where a series of food riots swept across the country. The majority of Haitians depend on the marketplace for food, especially imported rice. The dependence on the marketplace for food and the rise in prices has caused households to reduce purchases leading to growing hunger especially among the rural poor. Haiti's vulnerability to the food crisis is not a problem of supply; it's because of the high cost of living, lavichè in Haitian Creole. This article poses the question, why is Haiti, a country rooted in peasant agricultural production, vulnerable to the rise in global food prices. I propose that answers to the current crisis come from an understanding of rural livelihoods, strategies for accessing food, and global food policies. Rural households are not subsistence producers. Ironically, they have suffered most from the rise in prices because of their dependence on the marketplace. Changing consumption patterns relying on imported rather than domestic staples have increased vulnerability to rising prices. Additionally, economic policies surrounding the import and marketing of food have further increased Haiti's dependence on imports. Understanding the trends leading to Haiti's current food crisis will help to inform policies and programs aimed at providing temporary food assistance and hopefully lead to more effective development programs. This article is based on research conducted in rural Haiti during the summer of 2008, part of which was for World Vision International as it prepared to mitigate the crisis through food assistance programs.
ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACHES FOR UNDERSTANDING THE COMPLEXITIES OF THE GLOBAL FOOD CRISIS
Authors: Khanna Sunil K.
Published: September 2010

The current global food crisis can be, in part, described as an outcome of not only historical patterns of income inequalities and long‐standing food trade policies biased in favor of wealthier nations but also in terms of significant reductions in food aid and other safety‐net programs for people living in poor nations. Despite the serious nature of the problem of food insecurity, only a limited amount of reliable descriptive research, especially at the community level, has explored the causes and consequences of the current food crisis. Anthropology offers a unique set of methodological and theoretical approaches that can be useful for designing, implementing, and evaluating programs and policies aimed at alleviating poverty and reducing food insecurity. Anthropologically informed research can provide a dynamic understanding of food insecurity in terms of its causes and consequences and its local, regional, and global underpinnings. This information can be helpful in incorporating a community‐level understanding of the “local” determinants of food insecurity for developing effective and sustainable food policy and intervention programs.
“SAVING” MALAWI: FAITHFUL RESPONSES TO ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN
Authors: Freidus Andrea
Published: September 2010

Malawi is scrambling to deal with one million orphans while contending with state rollbacks resulting in economic, political, and social breakdowns. As a result, a new space is emerging for faith‐based organizations. Their presence is justified through a global discourse of connection rooted in the western ideology of childhood as a state of innocence and immaturity in need of protection and intervention. These organizations function with myriad ideologies, projects, and resources as they develop intimate linkages with children and communities. This article highlights the disjuncture between western conceptualizations and Malawian understandings of orphans, illustrating how this disjuncture results in unanticipated consequences as material resources are deployed and programs implemented. Two faith‐based organizations focusing on orphans and some unanticipated outcomes of these emerging global ties are examined.
PAN‐LATIN RADICAL HOSPITALITY: FAITH‐BASED HIV/AIDS EDUCATION IN THE SOUTH BRONX
Authors: Pelto Debra J. , Santiviago María Isabel
Published: September 2010

The HIV/AIDS epidemic continues to have a devastating impact in the South Bronx, one of the most impoverished areas in the United States. Responding to this need is an Episcopalian HIV/AIDS social ministry operated by Misión San Juan Bautista. The ministry has grown from providing social support to infected and affected persons and increasing awareness of the disease, to designing and providing HIV, gender, and sexuality popular education programs for men and women. Misión San Juan Bautista's HIV/AIDS program makes an important contribution to the field of HIV/AIDS education through its development of a culturally and linguistically competent sexuality education program that fills a gap in the current approved list of HIV/AIDS education programs targeting Latino and Latina populations. Misión San Juan Bautista's HIV/AIDS initiatives utilize Freirean popular education methods. The programs take place among groups of community members, stimulating critical analyses of common cultural ideologies and practices around gender and sexuality and their effects on individuals, couples, families, and the community. This article examines how the small, Hispanic immigrant congregation and vestry collaborate with the vicar, volunteers, staff, consultants, and partners to serve clients from a range of Latin American countries with sexual health education. In so doing, we attempt to show how the congregation and vestry have internalized and put into practice concepts of liberation theology and radical hospitality.
Ingratiation and Self‐Promotion in the Selection Interview: The Effects of Using Single Tactics or a Combination of Tactics on Interviewer Judgments
Authors: Proost Karin , Schreurs Bert , De Witte Karel , Derous Eva
Published: September 2010

This paper investigates the relative effectiveness of the use of 2 impression‐management tactics—ingratiation and self‐promotion—on interviewers' evaluations of an applicant in a laboratory setting. It was suggested that the use of a single tactic would be better than the use of no tactic; that the use of self‐promotion would be more successful than the use of ingratiation; and, finally, that the use of a combination of tactics would lead to the best evaluations. Results were largely in line with our hypotheses. Interviewer ratings and action recommendations were more positive in the combination condition, followed by the self‐promotion condition, the ingratiation condition, and the neutral condition. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.