bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of β,β‐Disubstituted γ‐Butyrolactones by Chemo‐Selective Oxidation of 1,4‐Diols and γ‐Hydroxy Olefins with RuCl3/NaIO4.
Authors: Gao Rong , Fan Rong , Canney Daniel J.
Published: July 2015

The ability of RuCl3/NaIO4 to selectively oxidize primary hydroxyl groups in the presence of secondary alcohols furnishing lactones is also demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of a Tetracationic Acidic Organic Salt and Its Application in the Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes and Protection of Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Halimehjani Azim Ziyaei , Hooshmand Seyyed Emad , Shamiri Elham Vali
Published: July 2015

The new tetracationic organic salt TCAOS is successfully applied as ecofriendly and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes from indoles and carbonyl compounds and the acetalization of carbonyl compounds under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct C2‐Arylation of an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene: An Atom‐Economic Route to Mesoionic Carbene Ligands.
Authors: Ghadwal Rajendra S. , Reichmann Sven O. , Herbst‐Irmer Regine
Published: July 2015

The title reaction of N‐heterocyclic carbene (I) with aryl iodides (II) produces imidazolium iodides (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free [2 + 2 + 1] Annulation of Alkynes, Nitriles and Nitrogen Atoms from Iminoiodanes for Synthesis of Highly Substituted Imidazoles.
Authors: Saito Akio , Kambara Yui , Yagyu Takuma , Noguchi Keiichi , Yoshimura Akira , Zhdankin Viktor V.
Published: July 2015

The title reaction is promoted by BF3 nitrile complexes and proceeds in moderate to good yields with high regioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Environmentally Benign Synthesis, Molecular Properties Prediction and Antiinflammatory Activity of Novel Isoxazolo[5,4‐d]isoxazol‐3‐yl‐aryl‐methanones via Vinylogous Henry Nitroaldol Adducts as Synthons.
Authors: Rajanarendar E. , Rama Krishna S. , Nagaraju D. , Govardhan Reddy K. , Kishore B. , Reddy Y. N.
Published: July 2015

9 Title compounds of type (V) are prepared and screened for their anti‐inflammatory activities.
ChemInform Abstract: 3,4‐(Methylenedioxy)aniline as Precursor to the Synthesis of Thiazolidin‐4‐ones (IV).
Authors: Masteloto Hellen G. , Drawanz Bruna B. , Berwaldt Gabriele A. , Neuenfeldt Patricia D. , Siqueira Geonir M. , Cunico Wilson
Published: July 2015

These referred heterocycles (IV) are potent biologically active compounds due to the presence of two important moieties, thiazolidinone and 1,3‐benzodioxole.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Application of Gold Nanoparticles and Auric Chloride for the Synthesis of 5‐Substituted 1H‐Tetrazoles.
Authors: Kumar Satyanand , Kumar Arvind , Agarwal Alka , Awasthi Satish Kumar
Published: July 2015

AuCl3 as well as Au nanoparticles are efficient catalysts for the synthesis of 5‐substituted tetrazoles via [3 + 2]cycloaddition of sodium azides with various aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic nitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of 3‐(Cyanoacetyl)indole‐Based Kojic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Baharfar Robabeh , Asghari Sakineh , Kiani Maryam
Published: July 2015

A simple protocol for the synthesis of novel indole‐based kojic acid derivatives (IV) via three‐component condensation reaction is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Pyrano[2′,3′:5,6]chromeno[4,3‐b]quinolin‐4‐ones via Aza‐Diels—Alder Reaction.
Authors: Kumar Bejjanki Naveen , Venkatesham Akkaladevi , Nagaiah Kommu , Babu Nanubolu Jagadeesh
Published: July 2015

A simple and efficient one‐pot method for the synthesis of the title compounds (III) (11 examples) via intramolecular aza‐Diels—Alder reaction of imines, formed from aniline derivatives (II), and 7‐propynyloxychromene derivatives (I) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Cascade Imination, Buchwald—Hartwig Cross Coupling and Cycloaddition Reaction: Synthesis of Pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidines.
Authors: Saikia Pallabi , Sharma Gitarthi , Gogoi Sanjib , Boruah Romesh C.
Published: July 2015

A novel, environmentally benign procedure for the efficient synthesis of biologically important pyridopyrimidines from 6‐amino‐1,3‐dialkyluracil derivatives (I) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Negative Thermal Expansion in Functional Materials: Controllable Thermal Expansion by Chemical Modifications
Authors: Chen Jun , Hu Lei , Deng Jinxia , Xing Xianran
Published: July 2015

Review: 325 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mercurophilic Interactions
Authors: Schmidbaur Hubert , Schier Annette
Published: July 2015

Review: 197 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Zn(II) and Cu(II) Complexes Containing Bioactive O,O‐Chelated Ligands: Homoleptic and Heteroleptic Metal‐Based Biomolecules
Authors: Mendiguchia Barbara Sanz , Aiello Iolinda , Crispini Alessandra
Published: July 2015

Review: 127 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination Possibility of Uracil and Applications of Some of Its Complexes: A Review
Authors: Oladipo M. A. , Isola K. T.
Published: July 2015

Review: 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Noncovalent Assemblies of Cationic Porphyrins with Cage Macrocycles
Authors: Girek Beata , Sliwa Wanda
Published: July 2015

Review: 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry: Development and Perspectives
Authors: Stephan Douglas W. , Erker Gerhard
Published: July 2015

Review: [198 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in the Synthetic Study of an Antitumor Marine Macrolide Aplyronine A and Related Molecules
Authors: Kigoshi Hideo , Hayakawa Ichiro
Published: July 2015

Review: 38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ceramic Membranes for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs): State of the Art and Perspectives
Authors: Lo Faro M. , Arico A. S.
Published: July 2015

Review: 109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: DYNAMERS: Dynamic Polymers as Self‐Healing Materials
Authors: Roy Nabarun , Bruchmann Bernd , Lehn Jean‐Marie
Published: July 2015

Review: 128 refs.
Numerical comparison of gas‐liquid bubble columns and gas‐solid fluidized beds
Authors: Abbasi Mojgan , Grace John R. , Sotude‐Gharebagh Rahmat , Zarghami Reza , Mostoufi Navid
Published: July 2015

This paper investigates the degree of similarity between fluidized beds and bubble columns based on Eulerian‐Eulerian two‐dimensional simulations of an air‐water bubble column and an air‐FCC fluidized bed. Predictions for both systems are compared with available hydrodynamic experimental data, i.e. bed expansion, local axial velocity, local gas hold‐up, and wall pressure fluctuations at different heights and for different gas velocities. Dynamic characteristics of the simulated pressure fluctuations are compared with measured fluctuations. The local gas holdup in the bubble column and bubble volume fraction in the fluidized bed are qualitatively analogous and, to a lesser degree, quantitatively similar. It is also demonstrated that the liquid and solid velocities are distributed in similar manners. The mean bubble diameters in the bubble column and fluidized bed are more similar at low gas velocities than at higher gas velocities. Frequency spectra of the fluidized bed and bubble column reveal differences and similarities related to the liquid and solid properties. The outcome of this work can be used to improve procedures for hydrodynamic characterization of both systems for scale‐up purposes based on hydrodynamic similarities and differences.
Hydromagnetic blasius flow of power‐law nanofluids over a convectively heated vertical plate
Authors: Khan Waqar A. , Culham Richard , Makinde Oluwole D.
Published: July 2015

In this study, the hydromagnetic Blasius flow of power‐law nanofluids is investigated numerically. A convectively heated impermeable vertical plate is used and a constant transverse magnetic field is applied at the plate surface. The characteristics of water‐based non‐Newtonian nanofluids are explored using a non‐Newtonian power‐law model. A Buongiorno model is employed to include the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis in the study. The governing mass, momentum, thermal energy, and nanoparticle concentration equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations which are solved using a spectral relaxation method. The effects of nanofluid parameters (), power index , generalized Prandtl (), and Schmidt () numbers on dimensionless velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction, local Nusselt, and Sherwood numbers are explored. It is found that pseudoplastic nanofluids have higher skin friction and lower heat and mass transfer rates than dilatant nanofluids.
Overview of the Acetylcholine Spasm Provocation Test
Authors: Sueda Shozo , Kohno Hiroaki , Ochi Takaaki , Uraoka Tadao
Published: July 2015

The acetylcholine (ACh) spasm provocation test proposed by Yasue, Okumura et al more than a quarter‐century ago has become a popular method for induction of coronary spasm. This test is safe and has a low rate of complications. However, it may be limited in its ability to document attacks in daily life because previously it was the gold‐standard method for diagnosing active variant angina. There may be some clinical issues to modify for the next generation of cardiologists. A maximal ACh dose of 50/100 µg in the right coronary artery/left coronary artery is recommended in the Japanese Circulation Society guidelines. We often experienced the usefulness of a maximal ACh dose of 80/200 µg for the induction of coronary spasm in some cases with low or moderate disease activity. It may be necessary to reconsider the maximal ACh dose as a modified method for today's real‐world clinical practice. In young patients with rest angina, intracoronary injection of ACh is less sensitive for diagnosis; in these cases, we recommend performing sequential spasm provocation tests. Especially in female patients, to document coronary artery spasm we recommend performing ACh tests first, instead of ergonovine tests, due to the supersensitivity of ACh. We also recommend supplementary use of ACh and ergonovine. This review summarizes our experiences with the ACh spasm provocation test over a period of 24 years. We have found it to be a reliable and useful method for contributing a variety of clinical information and recommend it to the next generation of cardiologists.
Management of Arrhythmias in Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Authors: Rosenthal David G. , Bravo Paco E. , Patton Kristen K. , Goldberger Zachary D.
Published: July 2015

The prevalence of cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis is under‐recognized and is associated with multiple complications, including conduction block, arrhythmias, and sudden death. The comparative roles of common therapies have been inadequately studied. The purpose of this review is to examine the literature regarding treatments utilized to manage arrhythmias associated with cardiac sarcoidosis.
Non–Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulant Use in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Associated Intracranial Hemorrhage: A Focused Review
Authors: Arbit Boris , Hsu Jonathan C.
Published: July 2015

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and predisposes patients to an increased risk of embolic stroke. After nearly 60 years, warfarin is no longer the only effective therapeutic option for patients with AF. Large randomized trials have consistently shown that non–vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) including dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban significantly reduce from the risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) compared with warfarin. We provide a focused review regarding the NOACs and ICH in AF patients by summarizing findings of these large clinical trials, mechanisms of lower ICH, reversal strategies with specific agents, and monitoring strategies.
Biodegradation Pathway of Acid Red 27 by White‐Rot Fungus Armillaria sp. F022 and Phytotoxicity Evaluation
Authors: Adnan Liyana Amalina , Hadibarata Tony , Sathishkumar Palanivel , Mohd Yusoff Abdull Rahim
Published: July 2015

Armillaria sp. F022, a basidiomycete fungus isolated from a recreational forest in Johor, Malaysia, was tested for its biodegradation ability of the azo dye Acid Red 27 (AR27). Varying carbon and nitrogen sources, agitation, and inoculum concentrations on AR27 dye degradation by Armillaria sp. F022 in liquid medium were investigated to find out their effects on dye degradation. Glucose and ammonium chloride were the best nutrients for the growth of Armillaria sp. F022. The addition of 15% inoculum concentration of Armillaria sp. F022 increased the AR27 dye degradation up to 97.17% within 72 h of incubation. Phytotoxicity tests were performed employing seed germination of Sorghum vulgare and Triticum aestivum by monitoring their elongation of the plumules and radicles to evaluate the toxicity of the degradation products. The metabolites formed during biodegradation were 1,4‐naphthalenediol, 1,2‐dihydroxynaphthalene, and coumarin, characterized by thin‐layer chromatography and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Based on the findings of the AR27 biodegradation pathway it is proposed that Armillaria sp. F022 can be used to treat AR27 dye contaminated effluents to protect the ecosystem.
Adoption and cancer survivors: Findings from a learning activity for oncology nurses
Authors: Quinn Gwendolyn P. , Zebrack Bradley J. , Sehovic Ivana , Bowman Meghan L. , Vadaparampil Susan T.
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND

To the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding the rate at which cancer survivors successfully adopt a child or about their experiences negotiating a costly, and perhaps discriminatory, process regarding the prospective parent's health history. The current study describes the results of a learning activity in which nurses contacted an adoption agency to learn more about the process for survivors with the goal of helping nurses provide patients with accurate information for making a well‐informed decision regarding adoption.

METHODS

Training program participants identified an adoption agency (local, state, or international) and conducted an interview using a semistructured guide. After the interview, participants created a summary of responses to the questions. The authors examined responses to each question using qualitative content analysis.

RESULTS

A total of 77 participants (98% completion rate) across 15 states provided a summary. Responses were distributed across the following categories: adoption costs, steps required for survivors seeking adoption, challenges for survivors seeking adoption, birth parents' reservations, and planned institutional changes to increase adoption awareness. The majority of respondents reported improving their knowledge of adoption and cancer, increased challenges for survivors, and the need to educate patients concerning the realities of adoption policies. The need for a letter stating the survivor was 5 years cancer free was identified as a significant obstacle for survivors.

CONCLUSIONS

Nurses are charged with following practice guidelines that include recommendations for appropriate reproductive health referrals. Cancer survivors would benefit from a health care provider who can provide education and concrete information when patients are making a decision about fertility and adoption. Cancer 2015;121:2993–3000. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Inhibitors of mTOR pathway for cancer therapy, moving on from rapalogs to TORKinibs
Authors: Owonikoko Taofeek K.
Published: July 2015

Advancing cancer treatment through mTOR pathway inhibition has progressed from rapalogs to TORKinibs.
Interest prediction in social networks based on Markov chain modeling on clustered users
Authors: Zheng Xianghan , An Dongyun , Chen Xing , Guo Wenzhong
Published: July 2015

Effective user interest prediction is significant for service providers in a set of application scenarios such as user behavior analysis and resource recommendation. However, existing approaches are either incomplete or proprietary. In this paper, user interest prediction based on the Markov chain modeling on clustered users is proposed with the following procedure: collect dataset from 4613 users and more than 16 million messages from Sina Weibo; obtain each user's interest eigenvalue sequence and establish single‐Markov chain model; and implement user clustering algorithm for the multi‐Markov chain construction in order to divide users into a set of predefined interest categories. The proposed solution is capable of predicting both long‐term and short‐term user interests based on a suitable selection of the initial state distribution, λ. The proposed solution also proves that short‐term interests are consistent with long‐term interests if the influences of social or user‐related events that cause interruptions (e.g., earthquake and birthday) are not considered. Furthermore, experiments show that the proposed solution is feasible and efficient and can achieve a higher accuracy of prediction than that of the other approaches such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K‐means. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One‐Pot Preparation of Propargylamines Catalyzed by Heterogeneous Copper Catalyst Supported on Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica with Ionic Liquid Framework
Authors: Gholinejad Mohammad , Karimi Babak , Aminianfar Afsaneh , Khorasani Mojtaba
Published: July 2015

Copper supported on periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) with alkylimidazolium frameworks is a highly efficient and recoverable catalyst for the preparation of propargylamines through the three‐component coupling reaction of aldehydes, alkynes, and amines. The new catalyst is characterized using N2 adsorption/desorption analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT‐IR), and elemental analysis. The catalyst is easily recovered by a simple filtration process and subsequently reused in the seven reaction cycles without any loss of catalytic activity.
Developing and Using Therapeutics for Emerging Infections
Authors: McCune Jeannine S. , Reynolds Kellie S.
Published: July 2015

This issue of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics focuses on emerging infections. The outbreaks of the vaccine‐preventable diseases (e.g., measles) and the emerging pathogens (e.g., Ebola) show us how small the world has become. These outbreaks also show the pressing need for effective public education and development of novel therapies. This issue covers various aspects of relevant therapeutic topics ranging from preclinical models, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacogenomics, and clinical trial results, to education efforts in this area. Pharmacokinetic/dynamic modeling had an appreciable role in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus, recent emerging infections. However, these gains could be lessened by poor adherence to therapies, which has contributed to the development of multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis. We must not forget lessons from previous infections, or they may reemerge.
Association between the human papillomavirus, bacterial vaginosis and cervicitis and the detection of abnormalities in cervical smears from teenage girls and young women
Authors: Caixeta Rodrigo Cesar Assis , Ribeiro Andrea Alves , Segatti Kelly Deyse , Saddi Vera Aparecida , Figueiredo Alves Rosane Ribeiro , dos Santos Carneiro Megmar Aparecida , Rabelo‐Santos Silvia Helena
Published: July 2015

Background

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, bacterial vaginosis (BV), and cervicitis may play a role in the presence of cytological abnormalities in female adolescents and young women. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of HPV, BV and cervicitis in female adolescents and young women and evaluate whether these conditions are associated with a finding of cytological abnormalities in cervical smears.

Methods

Cervical smears were screened using the conventional method and HPV‐DNA detection was performed by PGMY‐PCR. BV was defined as ≥20% clue cells in cervical smears. Cervicitis was assessed by counting leukocytes in five non‐adjacent microscopic fields at 1000× magnification. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.

Results

The study analyzed 251 samples, with cytological abnormalities being found in 9.5% (24/251). Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (50.0%) and low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (29.1%) were the most common findings. HPV, BV and cervicitis were found in 44.2% (111/251), 41.0% (103/251) and 83.2% (209/251) of cases, respectively. Of the variables investigated, BV and an abnormal cytological diagnosis were independently associated with HPV positivity. Cytological abnormalities were significantly associated with a finding of HPV and BV in the same woman, and also with a simultaneous finding of HPV, BV and cervicitis; however, the independent association of these combined variables did not remain significant in the multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

BV and cytological abnormalities were independently associated with HPV infection in female adolescents and young women. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:780–785. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cytomorphology of palpable breast lesions: Diagnostic utility of FNAC in a developing country
Authors: Elmadhoun Wadie M. , Almobarak Ahmed O. , Ibrahim Abdelrahman M. , Bushara Sarra , Noor Sufian K. , Husain Nazik Elmalaika O.S. , Ahmed Mohamed H.
Published: July 2015

Background

Breast lesions including breast cancer represent a major public health issue in Sudan. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an established, simple, highly accurate, minimally invasive, and cost‐effective method of diagnosing most breast lesions. The aim of this study is to document the most common breast conditions diagnosed by means of FNAC over a two‐year period in Atbara, a city in north Sudan.

Methods

A retrospective, descriptive, cross‐sectional, laboratory‐based study in which records of all palpable breast lesions diagnosed by FNAC in the years 2012 and 2013 were reviewed and analyzed.

Results

The total number of cases studied was 232; most subjects, 222 (95.7%), were females. The age range was 15–90 years (mean 38.2). Painless lump was the most common 190 (81.9%) clinical presentation. The left breast was affected more often than the right breast, 56.0% vs. 40.5%. Benign conditions were 167 (72%). Malignant neoplasms were 65 (28.0%). The most important associations with malignancy were female sex, age above 35 years, multiparity, painless lump at upper outer quadrant of left breast, lump size above 2 cm and the presence of an enlarged ipsilateral axillary lymph node at presentation.

Conclusion

In the northern part of Sudan, the prevalence of malignant breast lesions diagnosed by FNAC is more than one fourth of all cases presenting with palpable breast lumps. FNAC is a technique that is ideal for use in resource‐limited health settings. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:825–829. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The use and abuse of genetic marker‐based estimates of relatedness and inbreeding
Authors: Taylor Helen R.
Published: July 2015

Genetic marker‐based estimators remain a popular tool for measuring relatedness (rxy) and inbreeding (F) coefficients at both the population and individual level. The performance of these estimators fluctuates with the number and variability of markers available, and the relatedness composition and demographic history of a population. Several methods are available to evaluate the reliability of the estimates of rxy and F, some of which are implemented in the program COANCESTRY. I used the simulation module in COANCESTRY since assess the performance of marker‐based estimators of rxy and F in a species with very low genetic diversity, New Zealand's little spotted kiwi (Apteryx owenii). I also conducted a review of published papers that have used COANCESTRY as its release to assess whether and how the reliability of the estimates of rxy and F produced by genetic markers are being measured and reported in published studies. My simulation results show that even when the correlation between true (simulated) and estimated rxy or F is relatively high (Pearson's r = 0.66–0.72 and 0.81–0.85, respectively) the imprecision of the estimates renders them highly unreliable on an individual basis. The literature review demonstrates that the majority of studies do not report the reliability of marker‐based estimates of rxy and F. There is currently no standard practice for selecting the best estimator for a given data set or reporting an estimator's performance. This could lead to experimental results being interpreted out of context and render the robustness of conclusions based on measures of rxy and F debatable.
Determinants of between‐year burrow re‐occupation in a colony of the European bee‐eater Merops apiaster
Authors: Brust Vera , Bastian Hans‐Valentin , Bastian Anita , Schmoll Tim
Published: July 2015

Re‐occupation of existing nesting burrows in the European bee‐eater Merops apiaster has only rarely – and if so mostly anecdotically – been documented in the literature record, although such behavior would substantially save time and energy. In this study, we quantify burrow re‐occupation in a German colony over a period of eleven years and identify ecological variables determining reuse probability. Of 179 recorded broods, 54% took place in a reused burrow and the overall probability that one of 75 individually recognized burrows would be reused in a given subsequent year was estimated as 26.4%. This indicates that between‐year burrow reuse is a common behavior in the study colony which contrasts with findings from studies in other colonies. Furthermore, burrow re‐occupation probability declined highly significantly with increasing age of the breeding wall. Statistical separation of within‐ and between‐burrow effects of the age of the breeding wall revealed that a decline in re‐occupation probability with individual burrow age was responsible for this and not a selective disappearance of burrows with high re‐occupation probability over time. Limited duty cycles of individual burrows may be caused by accumulating detritus or decreasing stability with increasing burrow age. Alternatively, burrow fidelity may presuppose pair fidelity which may also explain the observed restricted burrow reuse duty cycles. A consequent next step would be to extend our within‐colony approach to other colonies and compare the ecological circumstances under which bee‐eaters reuse breeding burrows.
Validation of daily increment formation in otoliths for Gymnocypris selincuoensis in the Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: Ding Chengzhi , Chen Yifeng , He Dekui , Tao Juan
Published: July 2015

Daily increment validation in fish otolith is fundamental to studies on fish otolith microstructure, age determination and life history traits, and thus is critical for species conservation and fishery management. However, it has never been done for Schizothoracine fish, which is the dominant component of fish fauna in the Tibetan Plateau. This study validated the daily increment formation of Gymnocypris selincuoensis, as a representative of Schizothoracine fish, by monitoring the growth of hatchery‐reared larvae group and wild‐caught post‐yolk‐sac larvae group under controlled experiments. The results from monitoring the hatchery‐reared larvae group showed that sagittae and lapilli were found in yolk‐sac larvae, and formed 5–7 days before hatching, but asterisci were not found until 11 days post‐hatching. The first increment in sagittae and lapilli was formed in the first day after hatching. The daily periodicity of increment formation was examined and confirmed in sagittae and lapilli of both larvae groups. However, sagittae were better for age determination than lapilli for larvae at earlier days. For larval G. selincuoensis older than 50 days, lapilli were the only otolith pair suitable for larvae daily age determination. This study validated the daily increment formation in Schizothoracine fish for the first time has primary implications to other fishes from this subfamily.
Ten years of life in compost: temporal and spatial variation of North German Caenorhabditis elegans populations
Authors: Petersen Carola , Saebelfeld Manja , Barbosa Camilo , Pees Barbara , Hermann Ruben Joseph , Schalkowski Rebecca , Strathmann Eike Andreas , Dirksen Philipp , Schulenburg Hinrich
Published: July 2015

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a central laboratory model system in almost all biological disciplines, yet its natural life history and population biology are largely unexplored. Such information is essential for in‐depth understanding of the nematode's biology because its natural ecology provides the context, in which its traits and the underlying molecular mechanisms evolved. We characterized natural phenotypic and genetic variation among North German C. elegans isolates. We used the unique opportunity to compare samples collected 10 years apart from the same compost heap and additionally included recent samples for this and a second site, collected across a 1.5‐year period. Our analysis revealed significant population genetic differentiation between locations, across the 10‐year time period, but for only one location a trend across the shorter time frame. Significant variation was similarly found for phenotypic traits of likely importance in nature, such as choice behavior and population growth in the presence of pathogens or naturally associated bacteria. Phenotypic variation was significantly influenced by C. elegans genotype, time of isolation, and sampling site. The here studied C. elegans isolates may provide a valuable, genetically variable resource for future dissection of naturally relevant gene functions.
Blimp‐1 homolog Hobit identifies effector‐type lymphocytes in humans
Authors: Vieira Braga Felipe A. , Hertoghs Kirsten M. L. , Kragten Natasja A. M. , Doody Gina M. , Barnes Nicholas A. , Remmerswaal Ester B. M. , Hsiao Cheng‐Chih , Moerland Perry D. , Wouters Diana , Derks Ingrid A. M. , van Stijn Amber , Demkes Marc , Hamann Jörg , Eldering Eric , Nolte Martijn A. , Tooze Reuben M. , ten Berge Ineke J. M. , van Gisbergen Klaas P. J. M. , van Lier René A. W.
Published: July 2015

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) induces the formation of effector CD8+ T cells that are maintained for decades during the latent stage of infection. Effector CD8+ T cells appear quiescent, but maintain constitutive cytolytic capacity and can immediately produce inflammatory cytokines such as IFN‐γ after stimulation. It is unclear how effector CD8+ T cells can be constitutively maintained in a terminal stage of effector differentiation in the absence of overt viral replication. We have recently described the zinc finger protein Homolog of Blimp‐1 in T cells (Hobit) in murine NKT cells. Here, we show that human Hobit was uniformly expressed in effector‐type CD8+ T cells, but not in naive or in most memory CD8+ T cells. Human CMV‐specific but not influenza‐specific CD8+ T cells expressed high levels of Hobit. Consistent with the high homology between the DNA‐binding Zinc Finger domains of Hobit and Blimp‐1, Hobit displayed transcriptional activity at Blimp‐1 target sites. Expression of Hobit strongly correlated with T‐bet and IFN‐γ expression within the CD8+ T‐cell population. Furthermore, Hobit was both necessary and sufficient for the production of IFN‐γ. These data implicate Hobit as a novel transcriptional regulator in quiescent human effector‐type CD8+ T cells that regulates their immediate effector functions.
Dye‐Sensitized Solar‐Cell Performance of a Cobalt(III/II) Redox Mediator with the 2,6‐Bis(8‐quinolinyl)pyridine Ligand
Authors: Lee Nicholas A. , Frenzel Blaise A. , Rochford Jonathan , Hightower Sean E.
Published: July 2015

Optical and electrochemical properties of the homoleptic cobalt(III/II) complexes mer,mer‐[Co(tpy‐κ3N,N′,N″)]n+ and mer,mer‐[Co(bqp‐κ3N,N′,N″)]n+ (n = 3+ or 2+) are presented [tpy = 2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine; bqp = 2,6‐bis(8′‐quinolinyl)pyridine]. Both [Co(tpy)2]3+/2+ and [Co(bqp)2]3+/2+ systems have been used to formulate redox‐mediator electrolytes for application in dye‐sensitized solar‐cell (DSSC) devices with the MK‐2 dye TiO2 sensitizer. The [Co(tpy)2]3+/2+‐based electrolyte shows a slightly higher percentage power‐conversion efficiency (η = 4.47 %) in a DSSC device relative to the [Co(bqp)2]3+/2+‐based electrolyte (η = 3.73 %). Although the [Co(bqp)2]3+/2+ electrolyte shows a slightly higher open‐circuit potential (VOC = 0.79 V), it suffers from a reduced short‐circuit current (JSC = 6.21 mA cm–2) relative to that of the [Co(tpy)2]3+/2+ system (JSC = 10.84 mA cm–2). Tafel and electrochemical impedance analysis (EIS) of symmetric FTO/Pt||Pt/FTO cells, as well as EIS and chronocoulometry of the functional DSSC device are presented. Collectively, this data points toward a decreased turnover of the CoIII/II redox couple at the Pt counter electrode for the [Co(bqp)2]3+/2+ system concomitant with an increased resistance to mass‐transfer diffusion.
Back‐to‐Back Screen‐Printed Electroanalytical Sensors: Extending the Potential Applications of the Simplistic Design
Authors: Ruas de Souza Ana P. , Bertotti Mauro , Foster Christopher W. , Banks Craig E.
Published: July 2015

In our previous paper (Analyst, 2014, 139, 5339) we introduced the concept of the back‐to‐back electrochemical design where the commonly overlooked back of screen‐printed electrodes are utilised to provide electroanalytical enhancements in screen‐printed electroanalytical sensors. In this configuration the overall sensor comprises of a flexible polyester substrate which has a total of two working, counter and reference electrodes present on the sensor, with a set of electrodes on each side of the substrate. The sensors are designed to allow for a commonly shared electrical connection to the potentiostat and do not require any specialised connections. In this paper we demonstrate proof‐of‐concept extending the electroanalytical utility of the back‐to‐back screen‐printed electrode sensors to bulk modified single‐walled carbon‐nanotubes and electrocatalytic cobalt phthalocyanine microband electrodes. The electroanalytical applications of these novel electrode configuration are exemplified towards the sensing of dopamine, capsaicin and hydrazine. This paper demonstrates the versatility of the back‐to‐back configuration where different surface modifications can be readily employed giving rise to enhancements in sensor performance.
Determination of Cysteine at Bismuth Nanostructure – Carbon Ionic Liquid Electrode by Square Wave Voltammetry
Authors: Safavi Afsaneh , Abbaspour Abdolkarim , Ajamian Maral
Published: July 2015

Bismuth nanostructure‐carbon ionic liquid electrode has been employed for sensitive determination of cysteine (Cys). Bismuth nanostructure was incorporated into the carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) and applied for determination of cysteine. An interaction was taking place between bismuth nanostructure and the thiol group of cysteine. The bismuth cysteinate complex oxidation potential occurred at more negative potential compared to the cysteine oxidation peak obtained at bare carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE). Square wave voltammetry (SWV) was used for the determination of the cysteine and satisfactory results were obtained. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 1 to 500 µM and 0.5–2 mM of Cys. A low detection limit of 0.5 µM was achieved for Cys. The electrode showed a good selectivity for determination of cysteine in the presence of other amino acids. The proposed electrode was satisfactory applied for the determination of cysteine in human serum plasma sample.
Voltammetric Simultaneous Determination of Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ in Full Aqueous Medium Using Organic Nanoparticles of Disulfide Based Receptor
Authors: Singh Jasminder , Huerta‐Aguilar † Carlos Alberto , Singh † Harpreet , Pandiyan Thangarasu , Singh Narinder
Published: July 2015

Disulfide based receptor was prepared using single step condensation reaction and suspended into organic nanoparticles to extend its practical application in aqueous samples. The prepared nanoparticles were used for the simultaneous recognition of three different metallic species (Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+) in aqueous media through voltammetric studies. These metals can be determined simultaneously and without interferences from any of the other potential interferent metal ions, as different signals are displayed in cyclic as well as differential pulse voltammograms, with a detection limit of 193.0 nM for Cu2+, 52.0 nM for Cd2+ and 32.0 nM for Pb2+. The study was extended to real sample analysis by preparing the artificial mixtures of said metal ions.
Quasi‐simultaneous Mapping of Local Current Density, pH and Dissolved O2
Authors: Taryba Maryna G. , Montemor M. F. , Lamaka S. V.
Published: July 2015

For the first time we report on quasi‐simultaneous mapping of local current density, pH and concentration of dissolved O2. The three micro‐probes were positioned 50 micron apart from each other and 50 to 100 µm above the cut‐edge metal coated steel sample. The vibrating probe recorded the local current density and glass‐capillary micro‐electrode measured local pH. Additionally, two different micro‐probes were used for DO measurements: either an amperometric micro‐probe or micro‐optode was coupled with the other two sensors using the triple head stage. The data on local distributions were acquired quasi‐simultaneously (within ≤ 2.8 s) and, hence, are correlated in space and time.
Boron‐Doped Diamond Dual‐Plate Deep‐Microtrench Device for Generator‐Collector Sulfide Sensing
Authors: Harvey Harriet M. , Gross Andrew J. , Brooksby Paula , Downard Alison J. , Green Stephen J. , Winlove C. Peter , Benjamin Nigel , Winyard Paul G. , Whiteman Matthew , Hammond Jules L. , Estrela Pedro , Marken Frank
Published: July 2015

A BDD‐BDD dual‐plate microtrench electrode with 6 μm inter‐electrode spacing is investigated using generator‐collector electrochemistry and shown to give microtrench depth‐dependent sulfide detection down to the μM levels. The effect of the microtrench depth is compared for a “shallow” 44 μm and a “deep” 180 μm microtrench and linked to the reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide which interferes with sulfide redox cycling. With a deeper microtrench and a fixed collector potential at −1.4 V vs. SCE, two distinct redox cycling potential domains are observed at 0.0 V vs. SCE (2‐electron) and at 1.1 V vs. SCE (6‐electron).
Laser Machined Plastic Laminates: Towards Portable Diagnostic Devices for Use in Low Resource Environments
Authors: Harper Jason C. , Carson Bryan D. , Bachand George D. , Arndt William D. , Finley Melissa R. , Brinker C. Jeffrey , Edwards Thayne L.
Published: July 2015

Despite significant progress in development of bioanalytical devices cost, complexity, access to reagents and lack of infrastructure have prevented use of these technologies in resource‐limited regions. To provide a sustainable tool in the global effort to combat infectious diseases the diagnostic device must be low cost, simple to operate and read, robust, and have sensitivity and specificity comparable to laboratory analysis. In this mini‐review we describe recent work using laser machined plastic laminates to produce diagnostic devices that are capable of a wide variety of bioanalytical measurements and show great promise towards future use in low‐resource environments.
Methylthiouracil‐modified Carbon Paste Electrode as a New Voltammetric Sensor Based on a 1,4‐Michael Addition Reaction for Detection of Dopamine
Authors: Arab Chamjangali M. , Reskety A. Ahmadi , Goudarzi N. , Bagherian G.
Published: July 2015

A sensitive dopamine sensor was constructed based on the modified carbon paste electrode with methylthiouracil as a nucleophile in the 1,4‐Michael addition reaction. An ECE mechanism was suggested for dopamine oxidation at the modified electrode. Design of experiments was used in the optimization of variables. Under the optimum conditions, calibration graph was linear in the range of 0.20–15.0 µM with a detection limit of 73 nM. The relative standard deviations (n=5) for 0.50 µM of dopamine was 3.83 %. The selectivity of the sensor was also studied. The developed sensor was applied for analysis of pharmaceutical and biological samples.
Recycling of tannery effluent from common effluent treatment plant using ceramic membrane based filtration process: A closed loop approach using pilot scale study
Authors: Bhattacharya P. , Majumdar S. , Bandyopadhyay S. , Ghosh S.
Published: July 2015

Ceramic membrane based treatment was proposed for recycling of tannery effluent being discharged from a common effluent treatment plant (CETP) which treats the effluent produced from about 400 tanneries in and around Kolkata, India. The efficiency of the process was investigated with the help of a pilot scale study. The membrane filtration unit was installed inside the premises of CETP. The effluent from secondary clarifier which is usually discharged into the environment was treated further by the membrane process. Ceramic microfiltration membrane developed indigenously by CSIR‐Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute was used in this study. The feasibility of the treatment process was initially evaluated in laboratory scale membrane filtration unit which indicated about 77–80% reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 95‐98% reduction of turbidity. The treated water (TW) from pilot scale study was reused in the wet processing of leather and compared to that of control (C). Dye uptake of the leather samples was observed more in case of TW and other physical properties were comparable with that of control. Tensile strength of leather from TW was about 258 kg/cm2 while for C it was 260 kg/cm2. Application of the low cost ceramic membranes having excellent chemical and mechanical durability proved potential to provide a sustainable option for recycling of hazardous industrial effluent. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 60–69, 2016
The role of melano-macrophage aggregates in the storage of mercury and other metals: An example from yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus)
Authors: Barst Benjamin D. , Nielsen Kristin M. , Korbas Malgorzata , Roberts Aaron P. , Van Kirk Kray , McNeel Kevin , Drevnick Paul E.
Published: July 2015

Melano-macrophage aggregates, collections of specialized cells of the innate immune system of fish, are considered a general biomarker for contaminant toxicity. To elucidate further the relationship between macrophage aggregates and metals exposure, yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus), a long-lived species, were sampled from the east and west coasts of Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. Metals concentrations in livers (inorganic Hg, methyl mercury, Se, Ni, Cd, Cu, Zn) and spleens (inorganic Hg and methyl mercury) were determined, as well as their correlations with melano-macrophage aggregate area. Sections of liver tissue were analyzed by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry to determine how metals were spatially distributed between hepatocytes and macrophage aggregates. The concentration of inorganic Hg in whole tissue was the best predictor of macrophage area in yelloweye livers and spleens. Macrophage aggregates had higher relative concentrations than most metals compared with the surrounding hepatocytes. However, not all metals were accumulated to the same degree, as evidenced by differences in the ratios of metals in macrophages compared with hepatocytes. Laser ablation data were corroborated with the results of X-ray synchrotron fluorescence imaging of a yelloweye liver section. Hepatic macrophage aggregates in yelloweye rockfish may play an important role in the detoxification and storage of Hg and other metals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1918–1925. © 2015 SETAC
Occurrence of a non deleterious gene conversion event in the BRCA1 gene
Authors: Tessereau Chloé , Léoné Mélanie , Buisson Monique , Duret Laurent , Sinilnikova Olga M. , Mazoyer Sylvie
Published: July 2015

The duplication in the primate lineage of a portion of the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 has created a BRCA1 pseudogene 45 kb away. Non‐allelic homologous recombination (NAHR) between BRCA1 and BRCA1P1 has generated recurrent deleterious germ‐line 37‐kb deletions encompassing the first two exons of BRCA1, accounting for several breast and ovarian cancer families in various populations. In principle, NAHR intermediates resolution could also lead through a non‐crossover configuration to interlocus gene conversion (IGC), but none had been described as yet. Here, we report for the first time an IGC event identified in a breast and ovarian cancer family involving exactly the same segment as that involved in the 37‐kb deletions. Close examination of the consequences of this IGC event showed that it does not impact BRCA1 expression. Detailed analysis of the regions of homology between BRCA1 and its pseudogene revealed the specificity of the segment where recombination systematically occurs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Training of verbal creativity modulates brain activity in regions associated with language‐ and memory‐related demands
Authors: Fink Andreas , Benedek Mathias , Koschutnig Karl , Pirker Eva , Berger Elisabeth , Meister Sabrina , Neubauer Aljoscha C. , Papousek Ilona , Weiss Elisabeth M.
Published: July 2015

This functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) study was designed to investigate changes in functional patterns of brain activity during creative ideation as a result of a computerized, 3‐week verbal creativity training. The training was composed of various verbal divergent thinking exercises requiring participants to train approximately 20 min per day. Fifty‐three participants were tested three times (psychometric tests and fMRI assessment) with an intertest‐interval of 4 weeks each. Participants were randomly assigned to two different training groups, which received the training time‐delayed: The first training group was trained between the first and the second test, while the second group accomplished the training between the second and the third test session. At the behavioral level, only one training group showed improvements in different facets of verbal creativity right after the training. Yet, functional patterns of brain activity during creative ideation were strikingly similar across both training groups. Whole‐brain voxel‐wise analyses (along with supplementary region of interest analyses) revealed that the training was associated with activity changes in well‐known creativity‐related brain regions such as the left inferior parietal cortex and the left middle temporal gyrus, which have been shown as being particularly sensitive to the originality facet of creativity in previous research. Taken together, this study demonstrates that continuous engagement in a specific complex cognitive task like divergent thinking is associated with reliable changes of activity patterns in relevant brain areas, suggesting more effective search, retrieval, and integration from internal memory representations as a result of the training. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4104–4115, 2015. © 2015 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel Cyclic Enaminone Esters and N‐Heterocycles by Divergent Chemical Behavior through Amine‐Mediated Reactions
Authors: Luna Liliana E. , Tontarelli Walter , Forastieri Pamela , Cravero Raquel M.
Published: July 2015

New acridinones and enaminone esters were synthesized by microwave‐assisted tandem‐MichaelMichael addition and cyclization from cyclohexane‐1,3‐diones. The reaction mechanism for both open and closed structures, and the presence of intramolecular twelve‐membered rings derived from NH and OH H‐bonds of enaminone esters are discussed.
Excursion to the World of Heptacyclic Compounds Made of Azulenes and Acetylenedicarboxylates
Authors: Chen Yi , Lehto Erja , Uebelhart Peter , Linden Anthony , Hansen Hans‐Jürgen
Published: July 2015

Azulenes and acetylenedicarboxylates react under acid catalysis (Brønsted or Lewis) and form (2aRS,8aSR)‐2a,8a‐dihydrocyclopenta[cd]azulene‐1,2‐dicarboxylates as intermediate products, which then dimerize by central bond‐formation between C(2a1) and C(2′a1) and various peripheral C,C′‐atoms of the dihydroazulene fragments, depending on the substituents present. The reactions are often accompanied by the formation of side‐products, such as 2‐(azulen‐1‐yl)fumarates and ‐maleates and others caused by H‐shifts of the primary intermediates. H‐Shifts between the two tetrahydrocyclopenta[cd]azulene parts of the heptacyclic structures were also found.