bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of a Novel Deletion Variant (c.2999_3005delTGTGTGT/p.Asn1000SerfsTer4) in NPHP4 Associated With Nephronophthisis‐4
Authors: Miri Karam Zahra , Gohari Atieh Karimi , Khabaz Mohammad Javad Rezazadeh , Yari Abolfazl , Meybodi Seyed Mahdi Emami , Attari Rezvan , Torabi Maryam , Vafaeie Farzane , Moraddahande Fateme Moradi , Amiri Sara , Saeidi Kolsoum
Published: June 2024

Background

Nephronophthisis‐4 (NPHP4) is an inherited renal ciliopathy described by renal fibrosis and progressive impairment of kidney function. This study aimed to investigate the genetic basis and clinical manifestations of NPHP4 in two Iranian siblings.

Methods

The proband was a 27‐year‐old male with features of end‐stage renal disease, including anemia, uremia, polyuria, and polydipsia. It is worth mentioning that he has a 22‐year‐old sister with a similar presentation. Clinical diagnosis procedures, such as renal biopsy, brain imaging, blood and urine tests, cardiac evaluation, ophthalmic inspection, and auditory function assessment, were carried out to evaluate organ involvement and potential comorbidities. Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and segregation analysis were performed to identify and confirm genetic variants associated with the condition. Computational variant analysis was conducted to evaluate the pathogenicity of the candidate variant. Furthermore, the SWISS‐MODEL server was utilized for protein modeling.

Results

The brain, cardiac, ocular, and auditory functions were normal. Renal biopsy of the proband showed chronic interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. We found a novel homozygous 7‐base pair deletion (c.2999_3005delTGTGTGT/ p.Asn1000SerfsTer4) in exon 21 of NPHP4 by WES. Segregation analysis confirmed homozygosity for the NPHP4 variant in affected individuals and heterozygous carrier status in parents, supporting autosomal recessive inheritance. 3D protein modeling indicated significant structural changes due to the variant.

Conclusion

This study expands the genetic causes and phenotypic spectrum of nephronophthisis‐4 and reveals the importance of genetic analysis in diagnosing and managing rare inherited kidney disorders, particularly those involving consanguinity.
Beneficial effects of exercise, testosterone, vitamin D, calcium and protein in older men—A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Midttun Mette , Overgaard Karsten , Zerahn Bo , Pedersen Maria , Rashid Anahita , Østergren Peter Busch , Paulin Tine Kolenda , Pødenphanth Thea Winther , Karlsson Linda Katharina , Rosendahl Eva , Ragle Anne‐Mette , Vinther Anders , Rasmussen Rune Skovgaard
Published: June 2024

Background

Due to increasing older populations worldwide, injuries, disabilities and deaths caused by falls among the elderly represent a growing human and societal problem. We aimed to improve health among men of at least 70 years of age with low‐normal to low testosterone and mobility problems by using testosterone undecanoate (TU) injections, progressive strength training, and oral supplements of vitamin D, calcium and protein.

Methods

This was a single‐centre, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind trial with 148 older men with a median age of 77 (73–81) years, testosterone levels at median 8 (5–9) nmol/L (full range from 1.1 to 12.9 nmol/L) and mobility problems, recruited at University Hospital of Copenhagen, Herlev Hospital, Denmark. Participants were randomized into four arms for 20 weeks: (1) TU therapy (n = 37); (2) progressive resistance training with supplements of calcium, vitamin D and protein (n = 36); (3) both interventions combined (n = 36); or (4) no intervention (n = 39). The main outcome measure was the 30‐s chair stand test, due to test performance correlating with the risk of serious fall injuries and lower extremity muscle strength. Outcome measurements were performed at baseline and after 20 weeks.

Results

After the intervention, the combination group receiving progressive resistance training, TU and supplements achieved a median score of 13 (11–15) compared to the control group at 10 (0–14) in the 30‐s chair stand test (P = 0.003). This median improvement of 3.0 was clinically important. Compared to the control group, participants in the combination group also increased quality of life (P < 0.05) and reduced both tiredness (P < 0.05) and leg fat (P < 0.05) and had higher variability in the RR interval (P < 0.01). The group receiving TU reduced gynoid and leg fat compared to the control group (both P < 0.05). Blood tests improved for several variables, especially in the combination group. There was no statistically significant increase in adverse effects from either the supplements or training.

Conclusions

In men ≥70 years old with low‐normal to low testosterone and mobility problems, supplements of testosterone, calcium, vitamin D and protein combined with progressive resistance training improved 30‐s chair stand test performance, muscle strength and quality of life. Both tiredness and leg fat were reduced, and RR interval variability was increased. Significant adverse effects were not observed.
Effect of plate design on maintenance of anterior and posterior gaps and posterior tibial slope after cyclic loading in medial open‐wedge high tibial osteotomy: A biomechanical study using porcine's tibia
Authors: Nibe Yoshiya , Takahashi Tsuneari , Matsumura Tomohiro , Kubo Tatsuya , Takeshita Katsushi
Published: June 2024

Purpose

We aimed to investigate whether a plate adapted to the anatomy of the proximal medial porcine's tibia would provide maintenance of the anterior gap (AG), posterior gap (PG) and posterior tibial slope (PTS).

Methods

Twenty‐seven porcine tibias were biomechanically evaluated by performing MOWHTO and placing TOMOFIX (n = 9), AC plate (n = 9) and TriS (n = 9) anteromedially. Cyclic testing (800 N, 2000 cycles, 0.5 Hz) was performed to investigate the PTS over time for MOWHTO. The particular displacement calculated from the maximum to the minimum point with the load‐displacement curve along the mechanical axis during cyclic testing, the final AG and PG changes at the osteotomy site, the increased PTS calculated by subtracting AG from PG after 2000 cycles were compared among the three groups. The displacement was evaluated by repeated‐measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and changes in AG and PG and increased PTS were evaluated by one‐way ANOVA. The sample size for α and β errors were <0.05 and <0.20, and the effect size was 0.64 for one‐way ANOVA and 0.49 for repeated‐measures ANOVA.

Results

There were no significant differences in displacement among the groups. A significant difference was observed in the AG (p = 0.044) and PG (p = 0.0085) changes. There were no significant differences in increased PTS among the groups.

Conclusion

When anteromedially placed, the AC plate and TriS resulted in significant maintenance of AG and PG compared with that of TOMOFIX in MOWHTO after cyclic loading.

Level of Evidence

Level Ⅳ.
New edaravone analogs incorporated with N‐benzylthiazole moiety: Multistep chemical synthesis, in vitro cytotoxicity with pRIPK3 inhibitory activities, and molecular docking
Authors: Ahmed Abdullah A. , El‐All Mahmoud M. Abd , El‐Hallouty Salwa M. , Elshahid Zeinab A. , Eliwa Essam M.
Published: June 2024

In this research article, the chemical synthesis of new N‐phenylpyrazolone‐N‐benzylthiazole hybrids (3–6) via late‐stage thiazolation of the corresponding benzylthiosemicarbazone 2 was reported. The skeletal structural of the new molecules were validated by instrumental measurements (FT‐IR, NMR, and EI‐MS). In vitro cytotoxicity‐based cellular MTT bioassay shows that compound 3 that bears an N‐benzyl‐4‐thiazolone moiety is the most potent one toward the osteosarcoma cell line (Hos) with an IC50 value of 5.8 ± 0.1 μM, while compound 4a that contains a 5‐acetyl‐N‐benzylthiazole unit is the most robust one against the model lung carcinoma cell line (A549) with an IC50 value of 9.23 ± 0.01 μM. Also, 3 is roughly equipotent to 4b in its cytotoxicity activity against A549. In vitro enzymatic ELISA bioassay of A549 cells indicates that IC50 of 3 caused a decrease in the pRIPK3 kinase concentration (2.89 ± 0.005 pg/mL) as compared to DMSO‐treated cells (2.93 ± 0.010 pg/mL), while the pRIPK3 level incresed with 4b impact. As a result, 3 may be an effective inhibitor of pRIPK3 and hence necroptosis, proposing a novel therapeutic strategy for necroptosis‐related illnesses. In silico molecular docking shows that 3 interlocked and fitted well into the binding site of RIPK3 (PDB code: 7MX3) with a fitness value (−123.382 kcal/mol) lower than 4b and forms an important H‐bond with Lys50 like the marketed RIPK3 inhibitor GSK'843, validating the experimental results. Consequently, 3 is the most promising molecule that could be a lead candidate for further studies.
Where and what separates rural from urban hospital closures?
Authors: Turbow Sara D. , Lom Jennifer , Ali Mohammed K.
Published: June 2024

Despite the recent closure of several high‐profile metropolitan hospitals, investigations into risk factors for metropolitan hospital closures have been limited. The goal of this study was to describe metropolitan hospitals that closed and compare them to metropolitan hospitals that remain open and micropolitan and rural hospitals that closed using American Hospital Association Annual Survey Data from 2010 to 2021. We independently verified hospitals reported as closed in the Annual Survey and examined the hospital characteristics associated with closure using bivariate statistics and logistic regression. We found that metropolitan hospitals that closed (n = 142) were more likely to be for‐profit (66.9% vs. 29.7%, p < .0001; adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 3.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.93, 4.81) and to come from a state that did not expand Medicaid (45.1% vs. 29.4%, p < .0001; AOR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.38). Policies tailored to metropolitan hospitals should be developed to identify at‐risk hospitals and mitigate the effect of closures on patients, clinicians, and other stakeholders.
Recent advances in gas phase unfolding: Instrumentation and applications
Authors: Matney Rowan , Gadkari Varun V.
Published: June 2024

Broader adoption of native mass spectrometry (MS) and ion mobility‐mass spectrometry (IM‐MS) has propelled the development of several techniques which take advantage of the selectivity, sensitivity, and speed of MS to make measurements of complex biological molecules in the gas phase. One such method, collision induced unfolding (CIU), has risen to prominence in recent years, due to its well documented capability to detect shifts in structural stability of biological molecules in response to external stimuli (e.g., mutations, stress, non‐covalent interactions, sample conditions etc.). This increase in reported CIU measurements is enabled partly due to advances in IM‐MS instrumentation by vendors, and also innovative method development by researchers. This perspective highlights a few of these advances and concludes with a look forward toward the future of the gas phase unfolding field.
Reasons for interruptions at work: Illuminating the perspective of the interrupter
Authors: Toebben Leon , Casper Anne , Wehrt Wilken , Sonnentag Sabine
Published: June 2024

This research sheds light on two crucial yet overlooked aspects of work interruptions: the perspective of employees who initiate interruptions and the reasons behind those interruptions. Building on earlier research on interruptions and theories on employee motivation, we identified six key reasons for interruptions that we integrated into a typology. This typology combined three interruption topics (performance, belongingness, and hedonic well‐being) and two interruption foci (benefitting the interrupter and benefitting the interruptee; i.e., self‐focused and other‐focused). We validated this typology using qualitative reports and a scale‐development approach, thereby creating the interruption‐for‐a‐reason scale (IFRS). We found that interruptions were typically initiated for good reasons and positively correlated with social exchange constructs. That is, initiating interruptions was linked to requesting social support and to performing prosocial behaviors to coworkers. Altogether, this research contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of interruptions by offering a new perspective on interruptions that addresses the complexities of this phenomenon. Illuminating the interrupters' perspective and the various reasons for interruptions is key to a more balanced examination of the positive and negative aspects of interruptions.
Safety of An Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol After Head and Neck Free Tissue Transfer
Authors: Schuman Ari D. , Bindal Mohini , Amadio Grace , Turney Anne M. , Hernandez David J. , Sandulache Vlad C. , Liou N. Eddie , Wang Ray , Huang Andrew T.
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Implementing enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols and decreasing length of stay (LOS) have become a priority for major surgeries, including microvascular free tissue transfer (MVFTT) reconstruction of the head and neck. We describe an ERAS protocol with the goal to further reduce length of stay beyond national medians.

Methods

Retrospective chart review between August 2016 and February 2023, including all patients who underwent MVFTT after oral cavity, skull base, salivary gland, and cutaneous ablative surgery. An ERAS protocol was implemented in March 2020.

Results

A total of 383 patients were included. Approximately 59.8% underwent oral cavity MVFTT, 34.5% cutaneous and lateral skull base, and 5.8% maxillary and anterior skull base. A total of 209 (54.7%) patients had surgery prior to implementation of the ERAS protocol and 174 (45.3%) after. Median LOS decreased from 9 days (interquartile interval [IQR] 8–11) to 6 (IQR 5–7.5, p < 0.0001) following oral cavity MVFTT. For cutaneous and lateral skull base reconstruction, median LOS decreased from 6 days (IQR 5–8) to 3 (IQR 3–7, p < 0.0001). For anterior skull base and sinonasal MVFTT, median LOS decreased from 8 (IQR 7–9) to 5 days (IQR 4.5–7, p = 0.0005). Rate of discharge to skilled nursing or subacute rehabilitation facilities decreased (24% before ERAS, 9.2% after, p < 0.0001). Thirty‐day readmission rate was similar before and after implementation (10.5% vs. 10.3, p = 0.954). Discharge to facility was associated with readmission (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.12–4.89, p = 0.024).

Conclusion and Relevance

Implementation of the ERAS protocol was associated with decreased LOS. There was no increase in rate of readmission.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 134:4527–4534, 2024
Utility of Ultrahigh‐Resolution Computed Tomography for Laryngeal Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Kise Norimoto , Hirakawa Hitoshi , Aniya Soya , Ooshiro Taiyo , Kondo Shunsuke , Tomoda Atsushi , Oyakawa Yoshiki , Kiyuna Asanori , Suzuki Mikio
Published: June 2024

Objective

Unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) presents as incomplete glottal closure and leads to breathy hoarseness. Various treatments, including laryngeal framework surgery (type 1 thyroplasty [TP1] and arytenoid adduction [AA]), have been devised to correct this condition. Ultrahigh‐resolution computed tomography (U‐HRCT) allows detailed three‐dimensional imaging of the larynx, which aids our understanding of vocal fold motion disorders. This study assessed whether U‐HRCT is beneficial for correct diagnosis and surgical planning.

Methods

The participants were 26 UVFP patients who underwent laryngeal framework surgery (TP1 and/or AA). U‐HRCT was used to measure the vocal fold volume (VFV) and level difference (LD). The need to combine AA with TP1 to obtain satisfactory surgical outcomes was evaluated by U‐HRCT and various voice function tests.

Results

VFV was smaller in paralyzed folds than in unaffected folds. LD correlated strongly with voice parameters and showed high intra‐rater and inter‐rater reliability. The surgical outcome of the laryngeal framework surgery performed was judged to be excellent for improving voice function. Comparison of LD between the TP1 group and TP1 + AA group indicated that LD is an excellent parameter to determine the need to combine AA with TP1.

Conclusion

These findings underscore the value of preoperative U‐HRCT, especially LD, in surgical decision‐making and afford insights for optimal phonosurgery and individualized intervention. Patients with LD >1.0 mm may benefit from thyroplasty with AA.

Level of Evidence

3 (case–control study) Laryngoscope, 134:4667–4673, 2024
Efficacy and Safety of 577‐nm Yellow Laser in the Treatment of Pigmented Epidermal Lesions
Authors: Mohamed Essamelden M. , Abd Elaleem Hazem L. , Ahmed Mona A. H. , Rageh Mahmoud A.
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Freckles and lentigines are common pigmented problems which not only cause substantial cosmetic morbidity but also create psychosocial concern. The available modalities for the treatment of pigmented lesions are often unsatisfactory for patients, require a long treatment period, and often cause skin irritation. With the advent of lasers, safe and effective treatment options for epidermal pigmentation have become more varied for different Fitzpatrick skin types. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 577‐nm yellow laser in the treatment of pigmented epidermal lesions.

Methods

This study was carried out on 50 patients presented with pigmented epidermal lesions (25 presented with freckles and 25 presented with lentigines). Each patient received four treatment sessions with a 577‐nm diode laser at 2‐week intervals.

Results

There was significant improvement in freckles and lentigines, as 23 out of 50 patients showed marked improvement, 11 patients showed moderate improvement, 10 patients showed mild improvement, and only six patients had no changes. Moreover, 23 patients were very satisfied, 18 patients were satisfied, and nine patients were not satisfied. As regards the safety of the 577‐nm yellow laser, there was no significant adverse effect among patients except pain, erythema, and hyperpigmentation, which resolved within one month after treatment.

Conclusions

This study showed that the 577‐nm yellow laser is an effective, safe, and well‐tolerated device in the treatment of freckles and lentigines.
The self on display: The impact of self‐objectification on luxury consumption
Authors: Sun Hao , Guo Zhaoyang , Qian Hanjin
Published: June 2024

Self‐objectification, the tendency to perceive oneself predominantly through the lens of physical appearance, has been a focal point of study in psychology and mental health fields. Yet, its intersection with marketing and consumer behavior remains underexplored. This study endeavors to fill this gap, unveiling self‐objectification as a novel driver behind the consumption of appearance‐related luxury goods. Such a tendency is hypothesized to arise from the heightened self‐presentation motivation prevalent among those exhibiting self‐objectification. Through three empirical experiments, we validate this connection, emphasizing a strong association between self‐objectification tendencies and luxury consumption, especially for appearance‐related products, with self‐presentation motivation mediating this relationship. Theoretically, our study integrates self‐objectification into the marketing area, linking it to consumer behaviors and enriching the prevailing literature while indicating directions for future research. From a practical perspective, our results offer important insights for luxury brand management. Moreover, by clarifying the impact of self‐objectification on purchasing behaviors, we aim to promote more informed consumer decision‐making.
Release and Transport of Nanomaterials from Hydrogels Controlled by Temperature
Authors: Jobdeedamrong Arjaree , Crespy Daniel
Published: June 2024

Understanding the transport of nanoparticles from and within hydrogels is a key issue for the design of nanocomposite hydrogels for drug delivery systems and tissue engineering. To investigate the translocation of nanocarriers from and within hydrogel networks triggered by changes of temperature, ultrasmall (8 nm) and small (80 nm) silica nanocapsules are embedded in temperature‐responsive hydrogels and non‐responsive hydrogels. The ultrasmall silica nanocapsules are released from temperature‐responsive hydrogels to water or transported to other hydrogels upon direct activation by heating or indirect activation by Joule heating; while, they are not released from non‐responsive hydrogel. Programmable transport of nanocarriers from and in hydrogels provides insights for the development of complex biomedical devices and soft robotics.
Comparison of genetic and epigenetic profiles of periodontitis according to the presence of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kang Junho , Lee Hansong , Joo Ji‐Young , Song Jae‐Min , Kim Hyun‐Joo , Kim Yun Hak , Park Hae Ryoun
Published: June 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and periodontitis (PD) have intricated connections as chronic inflammatory diseases. While the immune response is a key factor that accounts for their association, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To gain a deeper understanding of the connection, we conducted research using a multiomics approach. We generated whole genome and methylation profiling array data from the periodontium of PD patients with DM (PDDM) and without DM to confirm genetic and epigenetic changes. Independent bulk and single‐cell RNA sequencing data were employed to verify the expression levels of hypo‐methylated genes. We observed a gradual rise in C>T base substitutions and hypomethylation in PD and PDDM patients compared with healthy participants. Furthermore, specific genetic and epigenetic alterations were prominently associated with the Fc‐gamma receptor‐mediated phagocytosis pathway. The upregulation of these genes was confirmed in both the periodontal tissues of PD patients and the pancreatic tissues of T2DM patients. Through single‐cell RNA analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, substantial upregulation of Fc‐gamma receptors and related genes was particularly identified in monocytes. Our findings suggest that targeting the Fc‐gamma signaling pathway in monocytes holds promise as a potential treatment strategy for managing systemic complications associated with diabetes.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors in HER2‐positive metastatic breast cancer with trastuzumab emtansine resistance: insights from a multicenter retrospective real‐world study
Authors: Sun Chunxiao , Hua Yijia , Jin Nan , Wang Xiaojia , Huang Jian , Wu Xinyu , Zeng Tianyu , Yan Xueqi , Yang Fan , Liang Yan , Huang Xiang , Li Wei , Yin Yongmei
Published: June 2024

The use of trastuzumab emtansine (T‐DM1) has revealed significant efficacy in HER2‐positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, optimal therapeutic strategies following T‐DM1 failure remain a subject of debate in clinical practice. In this multicenter, retrospective, real‐world study, we sought to examine the effectiveness and safety of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as a therapeutic strategy in HER2‐positive MBC who developed T‐DM1 resistance. Between September 2018 and December 2022, 66 patients were enrolled. The median progression‐free survival of TKIs‐based therapy was 10.1 months (95% CI, 4.7–15.6). Objective response rate and clinical benefit rate were 18.2 and 66.7%, respectively. TKIs‐based therapy demonstrated better effectiveness in patients who had previously derived benefit from T‐DM1 and featured acquired resistance to trastuzumab. The most common adverse events were diarrhea (36, 54.5%), hand‐foot syndrome (31, 47.0%), and leucopenia (30, 45.5%). In conclusion, TKIs‐based therapy showed promising effectiveness and safety in HER2‐positive MBC patients after T‐DM1 failure.
Individualized Structural Perturbations on Normative Brain Connectome Restrict Deep Brain Stimulation Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Wang Xuyang , Fu Shiyu , Yoo Kwangsun , Wang Xiaoyue , Gan Lin , Zou Ting , Gao Qing , Han Honghao , Yang Zhenzhe , Hu Xiaofei , Chen Huafu , Liu Dingyang , Li Rong
Published: June 2024

Background

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) respond to deep brain stimulation (DBS) variably. However, how brain substrates restrict DBS outcomes remains unclear.

Objective

In this article, we aim to identify prognostic brain signatures for explaining the response variability.

Methods

We retrospectively investigated a cohort of patients with PD (n = 141) between 2017 and 2022, and defined DBS outcomes as the improvement ratio of clinical motor scores. We used a deviation index to quantify individual perturbations on a reference structural covariance network acquired with preoperative T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The neurobiological perturbations of patients were represented as z scored indices based on the chronological perturbations measured on a group of normal aging adults.

Results

After applying stringent statistical tests (z > 2.5) and correcting for false discoveries (P < 0.01), we found that accelerated deviations mainly affected the prefrontal cortex, motor strip, limbic system, and cerebellum in PD. Particularly, a negative network within the accelerated deviations, expressed as “more preoperative deviations, less postoperative improvements,” could predict DBS outcomes (mean absolute error = 0.09, R2 = 0.15). Moreover, a fusion of personal brain predictors and medical responses significantly improved traditional evaluations of DBS outcomes. Notably, the most important brain predictor, a pathway connecting the cognitive unit (prefrontal cortex) and motor control unit (cerebellum and motor strip), partially mediates DBS outcomes with the age at surgery.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that individual structural perturbations on the cognitive motor control circuit are critical for modulating DBS outcomes. Interventions toward the circuit have the potential for additional clinical improvements. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Reconstruction with free jejunal flap in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa complicated with hypopharyngeal cancer: A case report
Authors: Matsumoto Daiki , Otani Naoya , Seike Shien , Kubo Tateki
Published: June 2024

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) encompasses a range of rare genetic dermatological conditions characterized by mucocutaneous fragility and a predisposition to blister formation, often triggered by minimal trauma. Blisters in the pharynx and esophagus are well‐documented, particularly in dystrophic EB (DEB). However, there have been few reports of mucocutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the head and neck region, for which surgery is usually avoided. This report presents the first case of free jejunal flap reconstruction after total pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy for hypopharyngeal cancer in a 57‐year‐old patient with DEB. The patient with a known diagnosis of DEB had a history of SCC of the left hand and esophageal dilatation for esophageal stricture. PET‐CT imaging during examination of systemic metastases associated with the left‐hand SCC revealed abnormal accumulation in the hypopharynx, which was confirmed as SCC by biopsy. Total pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy was performed, followed by reconstruction of the defect using a free jejunal flap. A segment of the jejunum, approximately 15 cm in length, was transplanted with multiple vascular pedicles. The patient made an uneventful recovery postoperatively and was able to continue oral intake 15 months later with no complications and no recurrence of SCC in the head and neck region. While cutaneous SCC is common in DEB, extracutaneous SCC is relatively rare. In most previous cases, non‐surgical approaches with radiotherapy and chemotherapy were chosen due to skin fragility and multimorbidity. In the present case, vascular fragility and mucosal damage of the intestinal tract were not observed, and routine vascular and enteric anastomoses could be performed, with an uneventful postoperative course. Our findings suggest that highly invasive surgery, including free tissue transplantation such as with a free jejunal flap, can be performed in patients with DEB.
Culture protocols of the Metallic Shiner for ornamental aquaculture
Authors: Tuckett Quenton M. , Lipscomb Taylor N. , Wood Amy L. , Patterson Joshua T. , Ramee Shane W. , Murray Casey A. , Watson Craig A. , DiMaggio Matthew A.
Published: June 2024

Objective

While North American fishes are often overlooked by the ornamental fish industry, there is growing interest in fishes native to the southeastern USA, a hot spot for fish diversity. The Metallic Shiner Pteronotropis metallicus, a small-bodied leuciscid native to Florida and Georgia, is sometimes available in the ornamental fish trade through wild collection and limited captive production. This species exhibits a distinctive color pattern straddling the lateral line: a dorsal pink to red line, fading to a black to blue stripe. This group of minnows is largely unknown to ornamental aquaculture and lacks defined culture protocols. Our objective was to develop culture protocols for the Metallic Shiner.

Methods

Following collection of wild broodstock, we used routine culture methods to experimentally determine substrate preference, egg incubation, egg disinfection, larval feeding, and larval development.

Result

Metallic Shiner spawning was more successful on yarn mops compared with other media, with average output of >50 embryos per tank per day. Hatching success was similar for static incubators (24%) and upwelling incubators (20%) and was also similar among egg disinfection treatments (iodine, hydrogen peroxide, and formalin). Larval feeding regimes altered survival, with Otohime A1 exhibiting higher survival (44%) over 14 days posthatch (dph) and better growth than other feeding regimes. During the developmental trial with water temperature at a relatively constant 25°C, length increased from 5 mm notochord length (4 dph) to 8.7 mm standard length (45 dph), with significant milestones occurring at 4 dph (swim bladder inflation), 16 dph (flexion), and 23 dph (hypural plate formation).

Conclusion

These data provide basic culture information for the Metallic Shiner while also providing a place of reference to begin investigating culture protocols for related species, including species of conservation concern.
Fish size structure analysis via ordination: A visualization aid
Authors: Miranda L. E.
Published: June 2024

Objective

Visual aids like length-frequency histograms are widely used to examine fish population status and trends; however, comparing multiple histograms simultaneously becomes cumbersome and inefficient. Complicating matters further, overlaying covariates on histograms to highlight connections with length frequencies can be challenging. An alternative, and the subject of this Perspective, is to display length distributions as an ordination using similarity indexes; in many cases, this allows for improved visual organization and representation of relationships with covariates.

Methods

I review the application of ordination methods for analysis of size structures using alternative visualizations that may facilitate the identification of connections that are concealed when analyzing a series of histograms. After a brief introduction to similarity indexes, types of ordinations, and sample sizes, I examine four case studies to illustrate size structure analysis via similarity indices: (1) unconstrained ordination to identify “bass-crowded” populations in a set of 34 small fishing lakes, (2) unconstrained ordination to evaluate the effect of three consecutive length limits on a Largemouth Bass Micropterus nigricans population over a span of 28 years, (3) constrained ordination to assess the relationships between fish community size structure and in-lake and off-lake environmental descriptors in 30 oxbow lakes, and (4) constrained ordination to identify what aspects of Largemouth Bass size structure were related to six types of reservoir habitats.

Result

Size structure analysis via similarity indexes enabled the exploration of extensive length-frequency data. It is important to acknowledge that ordinations serve solely as a visual aid for assessing size structure—no statistical testing is involved.

Conclusion

Ordination techniques and software are advancing at a quick pace, holding great promise for the future of size structure analysis via similarity indices.
An improved evolutionary structure optimization method considering stress minimization and smooth design
Authors: Wang Leijia , Tang Tianshu , Zhu Mingqiao , Yue Wenhui , Xia Hui
Published: June 2024

The design of continuum structures often presents challenges related to stress concentration, which can cause significant structural damage. To address this issue, the current study presents a new stress minimization method that utilizes the Windowed Evolutionary Structural Optimization (WESO) framework. The method aims to improve algorithm stability by optimizing design variables with an intermediate density. The use of a P‐norm stress aggregation method improves the assessment of global stress levels and enhances computational efficiency. Furthermore, a stable element sensitivity formulation, derived from the adjoint sensitivity analysis of the global stress measure, effectively handles the nonlinear stress behavior. Mesh filtering techniques are utilized to convert sensitivity from elements to nodes, and the structural topological solution is represented using the level set function (LSF) based on element‐node sensitivity. This method addresses the singularity issue commonly found in density‐based optimization methods and facilitates the achievement of smooth topological solutions. Through 2D and 3D benchmark designs, the proposed method's feasibility, stability, and superiority are thoroughly demonstrated. A parametric study is conducted to identify the optimal parameter range for the algorithm, leading to the development of a rational method for parameter selection. The optimized topology, with its smooth boundaries, can guide the design of structures without the need for redesign or post‐processing, helping to drive innovation and development in engineering.
Changes in energy expenditure and physical activity over 15 years of environmental changes: The Maycoba project
Authors: Niclou Alexandra , Esparza‐Romero Julián , Urquidez‐Romero Rene , Lam Yan Y. , Rood Jennifer , Schulz Leslie O. , Bennett Peter H. , Valencia Mauro E. , Ravussin Eric
Published: June 2024

Objective

This work aimed to parse out the role of changing environments on body composition, total energy expenditure, and physical activity in the Mexican Pima, a population experiencing rapid industrialization.

Methods

Using doubly labeled water, we compared energy expenditure and physical activity in a longitudinal cohort of Mexican Pima (n = 26; female: 12) in 1995 and 2010. Body mass and composition were assessed by bioimpedance analysis. To determine the effects of environmental factors on body weight independent of age, we compared the 1995 longitudinal cohort with an age‐ and sex‐matched cross‐sectional cohort (n = 26) in 2010.

Results

Body mass, fat mass, and fat‐free mass all significantly increased between 1995 and 2010. Despite a 13% average increase in body weight, weight‐adjusted total daily energy expenditure decreased significantly. Measured physical activity levels also decreased between 1995 and 2010, after we adjusted for weight.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the recent industrialization of the Maycoba region in Sonora, Mexico, has contributed to a decrease in physical activity, in turn contributing to weight gain and metabolic disease among the Mexican Pima.
Quantitative evaluation of the cheek area after maxillary advancement and rotation by orthognathic surgery in skeletal maxillary retrusion
Authors: Miyahara Kei , Izumi Kiwako , Moriyama Tsuyoshi , Tokunaga Keisuke , Ikebe Tetsuro
Published: June 2024

Aim

No quantitative methods for evaluating the cheek line after orthognathic surgery have been reported. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of orthognathic surgery on the cheek line using computer‐assisted image analysis.

Methods

This retrospective study involved 101 female participants who underwent orthognathic surgery consisting of both Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Lateral cephalometric photographs of the patients were analyzed using computer‐assisted image analysis to determine the area surrounded by the cheek line (iCA). The ratio of the postoperative iCA to the preoperative iCA was calculated and denoted as the iCA ratio.

Results

Participants were categorized into four diagnostic groups according to their malocclusion: Group 1 (maxillary retrusion with mandibular protrusion); Group 2 (maxillary retrusion with mandibular retrusion); Group 3 (maxillary protrusion with mandibular protrusion); and Group 4 (maxillary protrusion with mandibular retrusion). The mean iCA ratio of Group 1 was 1.61, which was the largest value among the four groups. Analyses were performed for Groups 1 and 2 because Groups 3 and 4 had too few cases. When measuring the distances of maxillary forward or backward movement, the iCA ratio was significantly correlated with the distance of maxillary forward movement (correlation coefficients: 0.25 and 0.22 respectively), but not the degree of rotation of maxillary and mandibular movement.

Conclusion

Maxillary forward movement by Le Fort I osteotomy contributed to the increase of iCA in the profile, which may help to predict the effects of orthognathic surgery on the cheek line.
On low velocity impact response of Sandwich composite with jute/epoxy facesheet and cenosphere reinforced functionally graded Core: Experimental and finite element approach
Authors: Mahesh Vishwas , Mahesh Vinyas , Harursampath Dineshkumar
Published: June 2024

The assessment of energy absorption behavior has a vital role in determining suitability of lightweight composites for impact protection applications. This study focuses on evaluating the energy absorption characteristics of cenosphere reinforced epoxy syntactic foam core and jute epoxy facesheet sandwich composite subjected to low velocity impact. The syntactic foam is composed of lightweight cenospheres embedded within an epoxy matrix, resulting in a high‐strength and lightweight composite material. Low velocity impact tests were conducted using a drop tower apparatus to simulate realistic impact conditions. The impact force, energy absorption and damage mitigation of the syntactic foam specimens with varied weight percentage of Cenosphere (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) were measured and analyzed to assess the energy absorption behavior. The gradation revealed that the weight of top layer when compared to bottom layer is 50.49%, 70.23% and 95.74% less in syntactic foam core with 10, 20 and 30 wt% Cenosphere respectively, indicating gradation. The study demonstrates that the addition of Cenosphere up to 20 wt% enhances the energy absorption capacity of the sandwich composites by 59.37%–93.44% compared to sandwich without Cenosphere reinforced core. However, beyond this threshold, a decline in energy absorption is observed when subjected to low‐velocity impact (LVI). Fractography analysis demonstrates that the incorporation of Cenosphere induces a rough fracture surface with deep river‐like topography, indicative of greater energy absorption during impact loading. This substantiates the conclusion that Cenosphere‐reinforced syntactic foams exhibit enhanced impact resistance, making them promising materials for structures subjected to low‐velocity impact events.

Highlights

Development of functionally graded core sandwich composite for low velocity impact applications.

Assessing the performance of developed composites under low velocity impact loading.

Determining the optimal weight percentage of cenospshere in functionally graded core.

Studying the fractography of developed sandwich composites.

Corelation between experimental and finite element studies.
Experimental study on the effects of SS304 and Aluminium reinforcements on mechanical and vibration properties in jute‐epoxy composites
Authors: Salve Aniket , Mache Ashok
Published: June 2024

Jute fiber has emerged as a promising reinforcement material in polymer composites, and researchers are actively exploring hybrid composite materials to overcome its individual mechanical property limitations and enhance overall performance. The paper introduces a unique hybridization of polymer composites that harnesses the advantages of stainless steel and aluminium offering a lightweight material for potential engineering applications. In this study, stainless steel 304 wire mesh (S), aluminium wire mesh (Al) and aluminium perforated sheet (Alp) are used as an additional reinforcement along with jute (J) and glass (G) fibers to fabricate hybrid polymer composites with varying volume fractions of SS304 and Al wire mesh. Seven laminates of hybrid composites namely J/J/J/S/J/J/J, J/J/S/J/J/S/J/J, J/J/J/Al/J/J/J, J/J/Al/J/J/Al/J/J, J/J/J/Alp/J/J/J, G/J/J/J/S/J/J/J/G, (J/J/S/J/J/S/J/J)450 along with virgin composite laminate J/J/J/J/J/J/J/J were fabricated and tested to obtain mechanical and vibration properties. Bonding between metal wire and matrix is investigated and reported through ILLS tests and SEM observations. Experimental findings indicate a notable 24% and 7% increase in tensile and ILSS strength, respectively, with SS304 reinforcement. Moreover, significant improvements in flexural and impact strength, approximately 48% and 33% for J/J/S/J/J/S/J/J, demonstrate the effectiveness of the hybrid approach. The J/J/S/J/J/S/J/J laminate excels in damping capacity under various boundary conditions. The study underscores the potential of metallic reinforcement to enhance the mechanical properties of jute fiber‐reinforced polymer composites, presenting opportunities for the development of lightweight, sustainable, and high‐performance materials in engineering applications.

Highlights

Developed jute fiber‐based hybrid polymer composites with metal wire reinforcement.

Significant increase in strength and stiffness observed with addition of metal wires.

Bonding between metal wire and matrix is investigated through ILLS tests and SEM observations.

Vibration damping of all hybrid materials is reported.

Study provides valuable data to develop sustainable, lightweight, and cost‐effective materials.
What proteomics has taught us about honey bee (Apis mellifera) health and disease
Authors: Arad Maor , Ku Kenneth , Frey Connor , Hare Rhien , McAfee Alison , Ghafourifar Golfam , Foster Leonard J.
Published: June 2024

The Western honey bee, Apis mellifera, is currently navigating a gauntlet of environmental pressures, including the persistent threat of parasites, pathogens, and climate change – all of which compromise the vitality of honey bee colonies. The repercussions of their declining health extend beyond the immediate concerns of apiarists, potentially imposing economic burdens on society through diminished agricultural productivity. Hence, there is an imperative to devise innovative monitoring techniques for assessing the health of honey bee populations. Proteomics, recognized for its proficiency in biomarker identification and protein–protein interactions, is poised to play a pivotal role in this regard. It offers a promising avenue for monitoring and enhancing the resilience of honey bee colonies, thereby contributing to the stability of global food supplies. This review delves into the recent proteomic studies of A. mellifera, highlighting specific proteins of interest and envisioning the potential of proteomics to improve sustainable beekeeping practices amidst the challenges of a changing planet.
Conformational diversity of human HP1α
Authors: Ukmar‐Godec Tina , Yu Taekyung , de Opakua Alain Ibanez , Pantoja Christian F. , Munari Francesca , Zweckstetter Markus
Published: June 2024

Heterochromatin protein 1 alpha (HP1α) is an evolutionarily conserved protein that binds chromatin and is important for gene silencing. The protein comprises 191 residues arranged into three disordered regions and two structured domains, the chromo and chromoshadow domain, which associates into a homodimer. While high‐resolution structures of the isolated domains of HP1 proteins are known, the structural properties of full‐length HP1α remain largely unknown. Using a combination of NMR spectroscopy and structure predictions by AlphaFold2 we provide evidence that the chromo and chromoshadow domain of HP1α engage in direct contacts resulting in a compact chromo/chromoshadow domain arrangement. We further show that HP1β and HP1γ have increased interdomain dynamics when compared to HP1α which may contribute to the distinct roles of different Hp1 isoforms in gene silencing and activation.
Between the inclusion and exclusion of immigrants in a peripheral European country: Housing inequality in Portugal
Authors: Carreiras Marina
Published: June 2024

The understanding of immigrants as disadvantaged low‐skilled workers has been widely explored in migration studies. On the opposite end of the social ladder, the number of scientific works about privileged migrants, from highly skilled professionals to retired people and digital nomads, shows a significant increase. However, migration research fails to expose and debate the sharp contrast between immigrants with distinct economic and socio‐professional backgrounds across several dimensions, namely in housing. With the aim to better understand the manifestations and interconnections of immigration within urban transformations, this study analyses the polarities between immigrants in the housing sector in Portugal, a peripheral European nation that recently acquired the status of a country of immigration and where access to housing has been a structural problem. Furthermore, this text discusses the impact of public policies on the generation of those inequalities. With this, we expect to contribute to the debate on the unequal power and positions of distinct groups of immigrants and their constraints in the housing market, taking into consideration processes of inclusion and exclusion.
Reliability analysis of deep space satellites launched 1991–2020: Bulk population and deployable satellite performance analysis
Authors: Grile Travis M. , Bettinger Robert A.
Published: June 2024

Flight data for deep space satellites launched and operated between 1991 and 2020 is analyzed to generate various reliability metrics. Satellite reliability is first estimated by the Kaplan‐Meier estimator, then parameterized through the Weibull distribution. This general process is applied to a general satellite data set that included all deep space satellites launched between 1991 and 2020, as well as two data subsets. One subset focuses on deployable satellites, while the other introduces a methodology of normalizing satellite lifetimes by satellite design life. Results from the general data set prove deep space satellites suffer from infant mortality while the results from the deployable data subset show deployable deep space satellites are only reliable over short periods of time. Results from the design life normalized data set give promising results, with satellites having a relatively high chance of reaching their design life. Available information regarding specific modes of failure is also leveraged to generate a percent contribution to overall satellite failure for eight distinct failure modes. Satellite failure due to crashing, in‐space propulsion failure, and telemetry system failure are proven to drive both early in life failure and later in life failure, making them the main causes of decreased reliability.