bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban form and social cohesion: the socio-morphological definition of the residential fabrics of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona
Authors: Vinyes Rosina , Porcel Sergio , Anton Fernando , Figueras Mariona , Molist Laia
Published: July 2018

Social inequality has become of great importance nowadays, and it is in metropolitan areas where it appears to be more intense. Thus, inequality becomes unavoidable when rethinking the contemporary cities. To get a grasp of this phenomenon, for the first time in the metropolitan area of Barcelona, a common look between urban morphology and social cohesion is made. The goal is to describe the socio-morphologic structure of the metropolitan territory, which is the result of combining both categorizations and maps of the existing sociological and morphological aspects. For such purpose, a two-stage methodology has been used. The first stage develops the quantitative and qualitative criteria to overlap the two existing maps, and stablishes the areas that will be considered the new socio-morphologic fabrics. The second one applies the areal interpolation method to assign this socioeconomic and/or demographic information to these new fabrics. The result of this combination is a categorization of twenty-one types of fabrics that describes the socio-morphological metropolitan reality. This new categorization sheds light on a tight relationship between urban shape and social cohesion, both conditioning each other. Moreover, the new map shows socio-morphological similarities between distant areas and announces common urban strategies to achieve a larger urban equity. The interest of having this new approach increases when thinking in the new investigation lines that will be derived from there. One of them would be the evolutionary reconstruction, which will allow visualizing processes and ease the understanding of certain phenomena to foresee urban blight.
The social structure and physical form of the state-owned farm in north-east China
Authors: Xiujie Li , Hongpeng Fu , Meng Yang
Published: July 2018

The social structure and physical form of the state-owned farm in north-east China Xiujie Li, Hongpeng Fu, Meng Yang College of Urban and Environmental Sciences. Peking University. Beijing. China. 100871 E-mail: 1400013234@pku.edu.cn, issacfuhongpeng@163.com, shuangzizhixin@163.com   Keywords: state-owned farm, policy, social structure, physical form, urban morphology Conference topics and scale: Urban form and social use of space   State-owned farms in north-east China are numerous and large in size. They have played an important role in the reclamation and guarding of the frontier in China.  Their physical form is sensitive to government policy. Following the historical development of a particular farm, an examination is made of how its social structure and physical form have been influenced by the policies of different periods. The development process has experienced three stages since this farm’s founding. There has been a change from ‘farmers farming together on the land which belongs to the whole farm’ to ‘farmers farming together on the land which belongs to the companies of the farm’, and then ‘farmers farming severally on the land’.  The physical form of the farm has been influenced by the policies in different historical periods. Important aspects of these policies include industrial structure, population structure, land ownership, and town and country planning. This study provides a basis for future urban morphological research.   References Conzen, M.R.G. (2011) Alnwick, Northumberland: a study in town-plan analysis (China Architecture & Building Press, China) Bray, D. (2005) Social space and governance in urban China (Stanford University Press, Stanford)
Morphological evolution of the fringe-belts of Krasnoyarsk
Authors: Logunova Elena
Published: July 2018

Elena  Logunova1Master of Urban Planning, Post-graduate student, 1Department of Urban Design and Planning, School of Architecture and Design, Siberian Federal University Address:  79 Svobodny pr., 660041 Krasnoyarsk,  Russian Federation E-mail: ikukina@inbox.ru , el.lgnv@yandex.ruScientific adviser:  Pd.D., Professor  -  I. V.  Kukina Keywords: fringe-belt, Siberia, urban morphology, fixation lineConference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphologyThe fringe-belt concept is one of the most important concepts in urban morphology which provides a possibility to analyze existing urban layout. Urban fringe-belt phenomenon in cities of Siberia hitherto was poorly investigated. Thus, it constitutes an extremely broad research area.Phases and processes of formation, transformation and alienation in urban fringe-belts examines at the case of Krasnoyarsk from the 17th to mid 20th centuries.  Krasnoyarsk was founded as a military stockaded town in 1628 during the first period of Siberia development and experienced  several historical stages in the process of urban growth.Relation of changes in fringe-belts structure and political and socio-economic contexts is evidently at all periods of their physical formation.   Natural fixation lines (topographic features, body of big river, and development of small river valley) and man-made fixation lines (city walls, railway corridor) influenced to the formation and evolution processes of fringe-belts and urban fabric generally. Railway was a turning point in the city expansion and contributed to overcoming of the power natural fixation line as the Yenisei river. Unlike the urban core, right bank of Krasnoyarsk formed as a linear city with specific fringe belts.Detailed analysis of Krasnoyarsk city plan indentifies several morphological units separated by fringe-belts. These fringe-belts are characterized by distinctive road network, variety of land-use units and heterogeneous forms in plan.  It presents difficulties for reconstruction projects of modern city. An approach for renovation of these territories needs to depend on urban morphology methodology. ReferencesConzen M. P., Kai Gu, Whitehand J. W. R. (2012) ‘Comparing  traditional urban form  in China and Europe: a fringe-belt approach’  Urban Geography,  33, 1, p. 22–45.Whitehand J.W. R, Morton N. J. (2003)   ‘Fringe belts and the recycling of urban land: an academic concept and planning practice’,  Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, volume 30, p.819- 839. Ünlü T.  (2013)  ‘Thinking about urban fringe belts: a Mediterranean perspective’,  Urban Morphology 17 (1), p. 5-20.
On the formulation of green open space planning parameters: A parametric tool
Authors: Leung T.M. , Kukina Irina , Yuryevna-Lipovka Anna
Published: July 2018

Greenery can affect spatial characteristics such as relationship between hard and soft surfaces and activities inside open spaces. Among different types of greenery, trees have influences on summer shading and winter solar access, and hence usage patterns in open spaces. However, the relationship between tree planting and open space characteristics such as typology, proportion and height-to-width ratio in terms of shading and solar access was rarely investigated. On the other hand, there has been an increasing number of studies on using parametric tools to design urban environment recently. Despite the success in urban fabric planning by parametric tools, the utilization of these tools to design open spaces with a relatively smaller scale has not been revealed. Even worse, parameters that should be included in a parametric design tool for open space planning are still unknown. Accordingly, the primary objective of this study is to, by investigating the design characteristics and concepts of different open spaces, identify parameters for a parametric tool to design green open spaces. Specifically, the possibility of using shaded areas projected by trees and surrounding buildings as one of the parameters will be revealed. The study also aims at examining how the height-to-width ratios, proportions and typologies of open spaces will affect tree planting positions when optimizing shading or solar access of the spaces in different climate zones. Results from this study will provide designers with an additional layer of information when designing open spaces.
Urban compactness and growth patterns in Spanish intermediate cities
Authors: Jiménez Romera Carlos , Hernández Aja Agustín , Vázquez Espí Mariano
Published: July 2018

Contemporary processes of urbanization have outpaced the traditional notion of city. Connectivity has become a distinctive characteristic of urban spaces, so that networked cities don’t rely anymore on continuous urbanized areas, but on connections that rarely leave a direct spatial footprint. The new spatial structure of urban areas include greater inter-penetration of built-up and open spaces, and the emergence of urban enclaves, which can be spatially isolated despite being functionally connected to a city. In order to study these enclaves and their impact on urban form, a sample of 47 Spanish functional urban areas was examined, ranging from 36,000 to 6.0 million inhabitants. Land use polygons provided by SIOSE were grouped into three main categories (residential, non-residential and urban infrastructure) and cross-matched with functional urban areas defined by AUDES (an iterative method than combines morphological and functional criteria) in order to calculate compactness proximity index, gross and net density. Factors that influence urban compactness were identified: most northern and some coastal urban areas display a low compactness which can be attributed to orographic conditions; bigger cities tend to display high compactness, but smaller ones display a great diversity of values, from the highest to the lowest. A further analysis of small and intermediate cities helped to identify two complementary mechanisms of urban growth, spatial expansion of core areas and functional integration of peripheral nuclei, whose ocurrence in different proportions can explain the variation of compactness in the studied sample. References Angel, S.; Parent, J.; Civco, D. L. (2012) ‘The fragmentation of urban landscapes: global evidence of a key attribute of the spatial structure of cities, 1990-2000’, Environment and Urbanization, 24 (1), 249-283. Ascher, F. (1995) Métapolis ou l'avenir des villes. (Paris: Éditions Odile Jacob.) Dupuy, G. (1991) L'urbanisme des réseaux, théories et méthodes. (Paris: Armand Colin.) Harvey, D. (1996) ‘Cities or urbanization?’, City 1 (2): 38-61. IGN (2007) SIOSE, Sistema de Información sobre Ocupación del Suelo (http://www.siose.es/), accessed 31 Jan. 2017. Ruiz, F. (2011) AUDES, Áreas Urbanas de España (http://alarcos.esi.uclm.es/per/fruiz/audes/), accessed 31 Jan. 2017.
Development of urban areas of the Russian Federation on the Trans-Siberian Railway: town-planning a railroad role in the city of Krasnoyarsk.
Authors: Petrosyan Evgine , Kilina Ekaterina
Published: July 2018

Not populated or low-populated territories development due to the railroads construction exerted considerable impact on regional planning of the country. Construction of the Great Siberian way – the Trans-Siberian Railway was one of the significant events of the end of the 19th century. Numerous new settlements and the cities, such as Novosobirsk, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk appeared on the map of the country. Krasnoyarsk began to develop violently and grew by 270% after railroad construction in 1897 - 1911 years. New created structure of resettlement entailed industry development.  A lot of the new productions were transported from the central part of the country during the Second World War. Factories were accommodated along the railroad generally. The majority of objects of cultural railway heritage remained on the railroads territories in present time. The pioneer settlement of railroad workers in the city of Krasnoyarsk – is the Nikolaevskaya sloboda escaped. Typically Siberian residential buildings and style life still characteristic for that unique area. The strategies of the renovation of the area Nikolaevskaya sloboda oriented toward the tourist quarter of the Siberian city is required. Development of the city continues. Krasnoyarsk, thanks to the railroad, became the million plus city. Light rail transport, rewatching municipal warehouse territories under cultural clusters, business and residential districts is supposed in the future. Development process is oriented to transformation of the transport oriented district (TOD).
Understanding cycling in Quito through the lens of Social Practice Theory
Authors: Vivanco José Antonio
Published: July 2018

Understanding cycling in Quito through the lens of Social Practice Theory. José Antonio Vivanco Viladot The Bartlett School of Planning, University College of London, Central House, 14 Upper Woburn Place, WC1H 0NN, London. E-mail: jose.viladot.15@ucl.ac.uk Keywords: Quito, Ecuador, Social Practice Theory, Transport behavior, Cycling Conference topics and scale: Urban form and social use of space  In Quito, the relatively recent development of infrastructure and programs to promote cycling has become central in the discussion for sustainable mobility[1]. Moreover, considering that the scheme ‘Ciclopaseo’ has been an important dominical event for many families over a decade, if compared with the low rates of cycling in the modal share, questions surge about the effectiveness of all these measures. Moreover, the appropriateness of cycling in a city with geographical, morphological, social, and cultural challenges for practitioners has been analysed. The use of Social Practice Theory[2] provides a theoretical framework to understand holistically the daily mobility of two groups: a representative sample composed by University students, gives a specific target for policy making; while a parallel sample puts into perspective the validity of the results. SSPS and ArcGIS are used for the analysis of primary data collected with Google Forms. Overall, the analysis of each one of the elements of practice explains a dimension of the self-reinforcing barriers to cycle. It is revealed that the construction of meanings in daily travel, especially cycling, is based on instrumental factors such as travel time and distance, but non-instrumental factors related to safeness and security weigh heavily in travel behaviour, creating psychological barriers to cycling. It is concluded that reshaping the meanings of cycling is necessary by the construction of a culture of ‘road user behaviour’, the creation of physic-temporal-symbolic spaces to build cycling skills, and later transform the transport system, road infrastructure, streetscape, and the social rhythms of Quito into cycle-friendly spaces. References:   [1] Mogollón, D.O. & Albornoz, M.B.B. (2016) ‘La bicicleta y la transformación del espacio público en Quito (2003-2014)’. Letras Verdes. Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Socioambientales 19, 24-44. [2] Shove, E. (2010) ‘Beyond the ABC: climate change policy and theories of social change’, uofool of Planning. , K.,l life'ollege of London.Environment and planning A, 42(6), 1273-85. Schatzki, T. (2009) ‘Timespace and the organization of social life’. In Shove, E., Trentmann, F. & Wilk, R. Time, consumption and everyday life: Practice, materiality and culture. London: Bloomsbury, 35-48. Schwanen, T. & Lucas, K. (2011) ‘Chapter 1: Understanding Auto Motives’. In Lucas, K., Blumenberg, E. & Weinberger, Auto motives : understanding car use behaviours (Evelyn Blumenberg)
Urban efflorescences of the global and the local: An analysis of the territory of Gipuzkoa (Spain)
Authors: Gonzalez Madalen
Published: July 2018

Urban efflorescences of the global and the local: An analysis of the territory of Gipuzkoa (Spain).Madalen González Bereziartua¹ ¹ Área de Urbanismo, Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de San Sebastián, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV-EHU). Plaza Oñati, 2. 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián.   E-mail: madalen@gmail.com. Tel. Num: 943015907 Keywords (3-5): Urban centrality, global exposure, territory of Gipuzkoa, spatial patterns Conference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphology, territorial scale     The present study deals with the changes generated in the last decades by the increasing globalization in order to discern its influence on the urban structure of Gipuzkoa. The incidence of globalization in the processes of urban transformation is perceived, on the one hand, in the tendency towards the concentration of economic activities and, on the other, in the stimulus received by the local level and by the specialization, as generators of urban concentration. The urban forms that have arisen in this territory as a result of the global exposure present a varied typology as a consequence of the multiple scopes and scales in which they have been developed. Far from pretending to cover them all, the present study analyses a sample of urban processes and effects that have taken place in the territory of Gipuzkoa in the last decades, such as: science and technology parks, specialized networks around local products, processes of museification of industrial and rural environments, or expansion of the tourism services network. The study of these processes will attend both to their particular urban manifestation and to their territorial incidence, through the use of diverse sources and techniques to obtain a map in which they can be studied together. The resulting map of the sum of the different indicators will reveal characteristic spatial patterns of this centrality associated to the effect exercised by the sphere of the global over the local.   References (100 words) Ascher, F. (2001), Los Nuevos Principios del Urbanismo (Alianza Editorial, Madrid, 2004). Castells, M. and Hall, P. (1994), Tecnópolis del mundo: la formación de los complejos industriales del siglo XXI (Alianza Editorial, Madrid, 2001). Ramos Truchero, G. (2013), “Alimentación e identidad territorial en la producción de queso Idiazabal”, Lurralde: investigación y espacio 36, 15-30. Sassen, S. (1991), La ciudad global: Nueva York, Londres, Tokio (Eudeba, Editorial Universitaria de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1999). Valenzuela Rubio, M. (2003), “Turismo y Patrimonio Utilitario. El discreto encanto de las actividades decadentes”, in Valenzuela Rubio, M. (ed.) Un mundo por descubrir en el siglo XXI, (Real Sociedad Geográfica, Madrid) 401-437.
El Patrimonio del Movimiento Moderno en la conformación de la ciudad. La Casa Guzmán de Alejandro de la Sota.
Authors: Carrau Carbonell Teresa , Burgos Vijande Alberto
Published: July 2018

El Patrimonio del Movimiento Moderno en la conformación de la ciudad. La Casa Guzmán de Alejandro de la Sota. Alberto Burgos Vijande¹, Teresa Carrau Carbonell² ¹Departamento de Proyectos Arquitectónicos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Valencia, UPV. Camino de Vera, s/n. 46022 Valencia ² Escuela de Doctorado. Departamento de Proyectos Arquitectónicos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Valencia, UPV. Camino de Vera, s/n. 46022 Valencia E-mail: estudio@albertoburgos.es, teresa.carrau.es@gmail.com Keywords (3-5): Patrimonio, conservación, Movimiento Moderno, vivienda Conference topics and scale: City transformations     La Casa Guzmán de Alejandro de la Sota, Maestro de la Arquitectura Moderna española, ha sido recientemente demolida. ¿Hacia dónde nos dirigimos y de donde venimos en la conformación del nuestras ciudades? Esta catástrofe cultural es un síntoma del modo en que la metrópoli evoluciona, atolondrada, ¿a la deriva?. “Que la vivienda unifamiliar como tema sea el tubo de ensayo, la preparación microscópica de las grandes experiencias”. La casa Guzmán supone la resolución de constantes preocupaciones sobre el habitar. Allí, Sota materializó temas como la relación del hombre con la naturaleza, el orden y libertad de circulaciones, la flexibilidad espacial, y tantos otros temas que se traducen y reflejan en la arquitectura de mayor escala, en la propia ciudad. ¿Donde estamos pues los arquitectos? Somos los responsables del devenir de nuestro Patrimonio, de la salvaguarda de la buena arquitectura y de la evolución constante de nuestra ciudad. El Patrimonio del Movimiento Moderno se hace frágil en este discurso. Apostemos por el, por nuestra cultura. Anticipémonos, como Le Corbusier en la salvaguarda de la Villa Savoie, con actitud productiva. La conservación de nuestro Patrimonio y por tanto el incremento del valor de la urbe comienza por la formación. Ya es mucho el camino recorrido, por organismos como Docomomo o la Fundación Alejandro de la Sota, que difunden y hacen accesible la arquitectura del siglo XX. Pero todavía hay mucho camino por recorrer, sigamos el consejo de Sota: ”Proteger el patrimonio no con ordenanzas, sino con sensibilidades es el único camino”.   References (100 words) Allan, J (2012) “From Sentiment to Science”, in Docomomo Proceedings, Helsinki Burgos, A. (2011) Modernidad Atemporal (General Ediciones de Arquitectura, Valencia) Canziani, A. (ed.) (2009). Conservare l'architettura. Conservazione programmata per il patrimonio architettonico del XX secolo. (Electa, Milano) De la Sota, A. (2002) Escritos, conversaciones, conferencias (Gustavo Gili: Fundación Alejandro de la Sota, Madrid) Macdonald, S., Normandin, K., Kindred, B (ed.) (2007). Conservation of Modern Architecture (Donhead Publishing, Shaftesbury)
How urban morphology influences the walkability?
Authors: Barros Ana Paula Borba Gonçalves , Martínez Luis Miguel , Viegas José Manuel
Published: July 2018

It is known that the Modernism greatly influenced the way people use spaces, the car use was prioritized, changing the function of the street from a meeting space (human scale – Gehl, 2010) to a passage space (motor scale). It is in this context that this paper aims to present the aspects that interfere in the walkability with focus on different urban morphologies. For this purpose, the study was applied to three neighbourhoods of Lisbon (Portugal) with different morphological characteristics: Graça (organic mesh), Campo de Ourique (regular mesh) and Telheiras (contemporary mesh) and then for the analysis methodological were applied their respective axial maps – derived from the Space Syntax Theory (Hillier and Hanson, 1984). The findings show that, as some authors (Hillier and Hanson, 1984; Handy, 1996; Holanda, 2002; Medeiros, 2013) state, there are differences in performance between different urban forms. According to Jacobs (2000) and Gehl (2010), modern spaces or those that suffer the influence of modernism have morphological elements that repel people, which make the space almost desert, without life. Therefore, it is concluded that depending on the morphological characteristics present in the space there will be more or less life. In other words, the greater segregation between the morphological elements, lower the presence of people in public space.
Transformative Urban Railway: Ankara Commuter Line and Lost Landscape
Authors: Bas Butuner Funda , Alanyalı Aral Ela , Çavdar Selin
Published: July 2018

Transformative Urban Railway: Ankara Commuter Line and Lost LandscapeFunda Baş Bütüner¹, Ela Alanyalı Aral¹, Selin Çavdar² ¹Middle East Technical University. Department of Architecture. Ankara. Dumlupınar Bulvarı no:1 06800 Ankara Turkey  ² Middle East Technical University. Department of City and Regional Planning. Ankara. Dumlupınar Bulvarı no:1 06800 Ankara Turkey  E-mail: fbutuner@metu.edu.tr, earal@metu.edu.tr, selin.cavdar@gmail.com Keywords (3-5): urban railway, urban landscape, Ankara, commuter line, landscape infrastructure Conference topics and scale: Urban green space   Being major transportation infrastructure of the 19th and early 20th centuries, the impacts of railways on cities have highly directed urban discourses; deforming material edge of cities, encouraging urban extension, formation of new territories, and speeding up  urban development. However, in recent decades, with newly emerging discussions on landscape infrastructure, a new idea for a more integrated infrastructure and urban system has started to be formulated. Railway strips, occurring as terrains where solid-void morphology of cities becomes illegible, emerge as generators in the formation of new urban green network. Within this framework, Ankara commuter line that mark outs a route approximately 37 kilometers in length in the city, is a remarkable case for a motivating discussion on railway and landscape confrontation. Penetrating the city in east-west direction, the commuter line integrated with a rural landscape –covering vegetable gardens and creeks- that was serving as a recreational field for citizens until 1950s. However, the transformative nature of the railway, encouraged the development of new urban lands, industrial areas and neighborhoods along its route, and erased the characteristic landscape along the railway.  The continuous landscape integrated with green, water and railway infrastructure became fragmented covering only some splits of green and water. In this respect, this study dwells on the lost landscape of the commuter line by mapping the fragmented continuity of the railway, green and water infrastructure from 1950’s until today to show the limited, but potential interaction of these three systems in the current urban fabric.    References Allen, S. (1999). Infrastructural Urbanism, in Allen, S. (ed.) Points and Lines: Diagrams and Projects for The City (Princeton Architectural Press, New York) 40-89. Bertolini, L., Spit, T. (1998). Cities on Rails (Routledge, London). Hung, Y. (2013). Landscape Infrastructure: Systems of Contingency, Flexibility, and Adaptability, in Hung, Y., Aquino, G., Waldheim, C., Czerniak, J., Geuze, A.,  Robinson, A., Skjonsberg, M. (ed.) Landscape Infrastructure (Birkhauser, Basel) 14-19. Tatom, J. (2006).  Urban Highways and the Reluctant Urban Realm. C. Waldheim (Ed.). The Landscape Urbanism Reader (Princeton Architectural Press, New York) 179-196. Waldheim, C. (2016). Landscape as Urbanism: A General Theory (Princeton University Press).
Building Transformation in Bandung City Centre: Expansion of Land Lot at Pasar Baru Area
Authors: Soewarno Nurtati - , Hidjaz Taufan , Virdianti Eka
Published: July 2018

City as a man creation is always experiencing transformation from time to time. The city center area, originating from a residence area has turned into a commercial area for trading. This transformation is recognized by the physical building change. This paper will describe building transformation in the Pasar Baru area, which is a conservation area in the city center of Bandung city, Indonesia. Colonialism left dualism of the land status in this area, formal and informal. Formal land is located on the road side shaped as row shop houses whilst the informal land lies behind the shop houses in form of urban kampong. The improvement of business and trading, demands a larger working area so space expansion is needed. The difference of land status and location makes it possible for shop house owners to expand their lot toward the kampong behind. Nowadays old shop houses as conservation buildings are hard to recognize because they have been transformed into new shop house forms. By observing the shape it’s expected that the lot expansion was the motivating factor. How did the transformation occur? Can transformation on one land lot give contribution to transformation on the city? It’s expected that the occurring transformation should not eliminate the conservation, building and area in the city center and the residential function could still be maintained.
Plastic City/Elastic City: A Critical Interpretation of Urban Transformations
Authors: Camporeale Antonio
Published: July 2018

Globalization phenomenon caused effects that profoundly reduced the variety of reality, involving cultural, social and economic diversities, once recognizable and also identifiable through the study of architecture as a collective product of a civil community. In this context, architecture, as built and anthropic reality, suffered the shots of a revolution that has produced osmosis, hybridisation, contamination, both diatopic that diachronic, now became synchronic and syntopic phenomena. Actually, you can find / read common characters in the substrate, first typological then material, which, if critically interpreted, could indicate a possible and alternative way out of this apparent chaotic condition. In my opinion, following the consolidated basis of a theoretical and cultural heritage that has provided tools for critical reading of urban transformations, it is possible to distinguish two types of processes, usually traceable in cities. In order to rich this goal, I used the tools of the mechanical building discipline that identify: ‘elastic’ and ‘plastic’ transformations. The ‘elastic’ transformation produces ‘elastic cities’ because, at the end of the sustained stresses, the final configuration not change, instead the ‘plastic’ one produces ‘plastic cities’ when, at the end of the sustained stresses, the final configuration is not coincided with the initial one. These considerations / critical notes are the beginning of a research that, in my opinion, could offer inedited developments, both in the recognition of an unusual history of architecture, closer to his material essence, either as design and project tools, coherent with new consolidated environments.
Marinilla´s cultural landscape and spacial characterization (Colombia)
Authors: Montoya Catalina , Escobar-Ocampo Lina María , Vélez-Venegas Claudia María
Published: July 2018

Marinilla´s cultural landscape and spacial characterization (Colombia). Catalina Montoya Arenas¹, Lina María Escobar Ocampo¹, Claudia Maria Venegas Velez¹ ¹Facultad de Arquitectura, UPB. Circular 1 N°70-01 Medellin, Colombia. E-mail: catalina.montoyaarenas@upb.edu.co, lina.escobar@upb.edu.co, claudia.ve7@gmail.com Keywords (3-5): Cultural landscape, social management, heritage, spacial transformations, tourism Conference topics and scale: Stages in territorial configuration The historic center of Marinilla, National Monument since 1959, is located sixty minutes from Medellin at San Nicolas Valley. It has exceptional landscape conditions, highly productive lands, and a large percentage of the water reserve that supplies the region and the country, giving the territory an economic center character since the colony. These physical values make part of collective imagination as a recreation area and an opportunity for development in the 1960s, according to the construction of large national infrastructure works. At the same time, it was object of armed conflict in the 1980s and 1990s, and more recently, directly related to the spatial dynamics of the region: unplanned urban expansion, changes in land use and vegetation cover, with effects on the cultural landscape. In a post-conflict situation, the economic strategies of different actors trust on tourism as a social-spatial management strategy to improve the territory. However, the identity of rurality shows spatial imbalances without recognizing elements of historical construction whose legacies must be revealed to ensure equitable development. To do this, we propose an approach from the cultural landscape in a revision of the historical, symbolic and relational transformation through five systems (anthropic, productive, political, symbolic and spatial), analyzing competitiveness, tourism, landscape and social management, in different scales and during three historical moments.   References (100 words) Busquets, J., and Cortina, A. (2009). Gestión del paisaje: Manual de protección, gestión y ordenación del paisaje. Ariel, Barcelona. Sierra, P. A. (2003). Periferias y nueva ciudad: el problema del paisaje en los procesos de dispersión urbana. Universidad de Sevilla. Barrera, S. (2014). Consideraciones teóricas para el análisis del paisaje. La Metodología de Los eventos relacionales. Perspectivas sobre el paisaje. Varón, D. C. Z. (2015). El derecho al paisaje en Colombia.: Consideraciones para la definición de su contenido, alcance y límites. U. Externado de Colombia. Olmo, R. M. (2008). El paisaje, patrimonio y recurso para el desarrollo territorial sostenible. Conocimiento y acción pública. Arbor, 184(729).
urbanisation dilemmas in delta cities
Authors: Bijlsma Like
Published: July 2018

Delta Cities in developing countries face problems of water risks while also dealing with enormous population growth. Recent urbanisation is increasingly taking place in high risk areas.When looking into these recent urbanisation processes, we can discern two different dynamics, formal and informal ones. They relate in different ways to green, grey and blue infrastructures, and have their own formal and informal institutional drivers.Modern technocratic planning methods do not positively interfere with informal city growth. On the contrary, often water problems are shifted to the lower and informal parts of the city. Inclusive green planning should take into account local urbanisation practice.
Practices and forms of open space at territorial scale: A comparison between two cities crossed by minerals rivers.
Authors: Camardelli Marialucia , Mininni Mariavaleria , Vigil De Insausti Adolfo
Published: July 2018

A scientific reading of the transformations of Matera starting from the urban re-activation in a social and spatial perspective in its neighbourhoods. The redevelopment of urban voids starts by the metaphor of the ecological network in an urban scale to update the connection system of open spaces in the light of new practices and flows for an innovative idea of urban resilience. The key role is re-see the neighbourhood: (i) on a local scale, focusing on the practices and customs, in the centre like in the industrial areas, starting processes of recovery and reuse but also of innovation (that result from the opportunity to be the European Capital of Culture 2019); (ii) on a urban scale with the transition space and threshold, identifying those natural and mineral signs representing a transition of porosity. The value of the "suburbs" enters as re-starting for rebirth of the city projects counting on the creativity of practices into the open spaces. The reformist project of Matera as original "laboratory" of architectural and urban experiments changes. Neighbourhoods were born from the same idea of “vicinato” (neighbour) but adapted to a new social identity, able to work on embryos of community, in the same way in Valencia in which natural elements (Turia) lead to rediscover the sense of belonging and making community. In both cases, urban policies are oriented towards innovative and spontaneous processes able to change the urban approach to a multi-purpose city although representative of culture and identity.
Historic-geographical and Typo-morphological assessment of Lefke town, North Cyprus
Authors: Nezhadmasoum Sanaz , Comert Nevter Zafer
Published: July 2018

Historic-geographical and Typo-morphological assessment of Lefke town, North Cyprus Sanaz Nezhadmasoum¹, Nevter Zafer Comert² Department of Architecture. Eastern Mediterranean University. Famagusta. North Cyprus.Via Mersin 10. Turkey E-mail: sanaz.nezhadmasoum@gmail.com, nzafer@gmail.com Keywords: Historic-geographic approach, Typo-morphology, Urban form, Lefke town Conference topics and scale: Urban morphological methods and techniques     Morphological analysis in cities have been employed to conduct the research on the urban form and fabric of the place, that helps to determine the conservation plans or strategies of towns that reveal clues to their own history (Whithand,2001). Such analysis methods are a process that reviews the evolution and evaluation of towns throughout history. This paper focuses on, Conzen’s and Caniggia’s ideas, MRG Conzen’s historic-geographical approaches (1968) on planning level and Caniggia’s typo-morphological process (2001) on architectural level. Those methodologies help to understand the transformation procedure of different regions of city throughout the years and recovering how the city elements and urban hierarchy are interrelated. Additionally, the focus of this paper is to study the town’s morphological transformations, regarding its spatial, geographical and historical combinations. Within this context, Geographical and historical surveys done on the whole town of Lefke, in north-west Cyprus, and a detailed explanation on the typo-morphological analyses of some particular regions will be given in this article. One of the significant character that makes the town unique is its historical background which lay down with an organic urban pattern from Ottoman period. Lefke town was first formed with a medieval character, and through centuries of functional and physical transformations, has been highly influenced by British extensions, which were either prearranged modifications affected by socio- natural, economic, and political situations, or instinctive and spontaneous changes. All these historical factors, along with its geographical features, make Lefke an interesting case to be studied with an urban typo-morphological approach.   References Caniggia G, Maffei G., 2001, Interpreing Basic building Architectural composition and building typology Alinea editrice, Firenze, Italy Cömert, N. Z., & Hoskara, S. O. (2013) ‘A typo-morphological study: the CMC industrial mass housing district, lefke, northern cyprus’, Open House International, 38(2), 16-30. Conzen, M. R. G. (1968) ‘The use of town plans in the study of urban history’, in Dyos, H. J. (ed.) The study of urban history (Edward Arnold, London) 113-30. Larkham, P. J. (2006) ‘The study of urban form in Great Britain’, Urban Morphology, 10(2), 117. Moudon, A. V. (1997) ‘Urban morphology as an emerging interdisciplinary field’, Urban morphology, 1(1), 3-10. Whitehand, J. W. (2001) ‘British urban morphology: the Conzenion tradition’, Urban Morphology, 5(2), 103-109.
Learning from Slussen: place, idea and process in the transformation of central urban interstices
Authors: Clua Alvaro
Published: July 2018

Over the last two decades the Slussen in Stockholm designed by Tage William-Olsson in 1935 has been the subject of an intense debate about how to update it to the contemporary needs. Tabula rasa, reconstruction or renovation? This lively discussion, however, has resulted in a final proposal granted by the expertise of an international firm but controversial for its political management, opposed to several social groups and, above all, highly problematic in terms of urban form and sustainability. The strategic location of this place, the indelible presence of its modern shape in the collective imaginary or the overwhelming force of the new paradigms of public space, have ended up provoking a range of more than twenty-five proposals in a short period of time. But while today this process seems to be settled and the demolition works of the original structure has already started, it would be still useful to draw some conclusions relevant to other similar interstitial sites in European compact cities where architecture, infrastructure, public space and landscape meet in such an intense way. Thus, this paper summarizes some of the last arguments of the on-going doctoral thesis about the recent evolution of Slussen according to four different outstanding topics: the form of place and history as an undeniable premise; the strength of tactics versus the power of the image in the process; the importance of time in the sequence of urban decision-making and, finally, the weight of urban culture as a key argument in contemporary urban transformation processes.
The Diagonal City: crossing the social divisions
Authors: Gironi Roberta
Published: July 2018

Roberta Gironi Departamento de Proyectos Arquitectónicos, UPV. Camino de Vera, s/n. 46022 Valencia Joint Doctorate Dipartimento di Architettura – Teorie e Progetto. “Sapienza” Università degli Studi di Roma. Via Gramsci, 53. 00100 Roma   E-mail: roberta.gironi@gmail.com Keywords (3-5): Informal processes, dynamic transformation, new planning approach, flexible space, self-organization Conference topics and scale: Reading and regenerating the informal city     Contemporary cities are affected by transformations that put in discussion the claim of control and stability to which the urban project aspires. All those gradual adjustments are manifested according to the demand, bring toward a less formal and more flexible spatial order, for which the traditional forms of the "static" city become the background of the "kinetic" landscape of informal cities. On the contrary of the formal processes of urban planning, informality process is configured as an organic development model and a flexible dynamic system opened to changes. The informal space is produced according to principles of spontaneity and self-organization. A consideration on the possibility to assume different approaches can be proposed. Those approaches should integrate in the design reasoning all the dynamics usually excluded by the discourse on the urban project, which processes can become catalysts to enrich the methods of planning and design of the urban space. Through the analysis of the case-study Previ Lima and the Living Room at the Border of St. Ysidro, the aim is to delineate in which way the contemporary architecture can absorb and metabolize these processes, triggering a different approach to a different method to intervene in the spaces of relationship among formal and informal. It is believed that the informal urban qualities cannot be eliminated and is impossible to ignore the inhabitants' practices, but rather to work on the intersection between collective and individual actions.         References Brillembourg A., Feireiss K., Klumpner H. (2005), Informal City (Prestel Publishing, Munich) Cruz T. (2008), "De la frontière globale au quartier de frontière: pratiques d'empiètement", Multitudes, 31(1). Davis M. (2006), Planet of Slums (Verso, London). Hernandez F., Kellett P., Allen L.K. (2010), Rethinking the informal city: critical perspectives from Latin America (Berghahn books, New York, Oxford). McFarlane C., Waibel M., (2012), Urban Informalities: Reflections on the Formal and Informal (Ashgate, Farnham). Jacobs J. (1961), The death and life of great American cities(Random House, New York- Toronto). Roy A., Alsayyad N., (2004) Urban Informality: Transnational Perspectives from the Middle East, Latin America, and South Asia (Lexington Books, Lanham)
Arrival Cities: Refugees in Three German Cities
Authors: Neis Hajo , Meier Briana , Furukawazono Tomo
Published: July 2018

Since 2015, the authors have studied the refugee crisis in Europe and the Middle East. The intent of theproject is to not only study the refugee crisis in various spatial and architectural settings and aspectsbut also actively try to help refugees with their problems that they experience in the events fromstarting an escape and to settling in a given host country, city town or neighborhood.In this paper, the authors present three case studies in three different cities in Germany. Refugees areeverywhere in Germany, even in smaller towns and villages. The case study cities are at differentscales with Borken (15,000 people), Kassel, a mid-size city (200,000), and Essen a larger city(600,000) as part of the still larger Ruhr Area Megacity. In these cities we try to understand the life ofrefugees from their original escape country/city to their arrival in their new cities and new countries.Our work focuses on the social-spatial aspects of refugee experiences, and their impact on urbanmorphology and building typology.We also try to understand how refugees manage their new life in partial safety of place, shelter foodand financial support but also in uncertainty and insecurity until officially accepted as refugees.Beyond crisis we are looking at how refugees can and want to integrate into their host countries, citiesand neighborhoods and start a new life. Social activities and physical projects including urbanarchitecture projects for housing and work, that help the process of integration, are part of thispresentation.
Selected issuesofthefuture environmental policy in Europewithspecialreferenceto urban developmentandtheexampleof a greeningproject in Berlin-Spandau
Authors: Lehmann Katharina
Published: July 2018

SinceOctober 2015 thegovernmentofthefederalrepublicof Germany isdevelopinga national dialogue on thefuturedevelopmentofthe National StrategyforSustainabilitymade in 2016.The developmentismarkedbytheAgenda 2030 which was adoptedbythe United NationsforSustainable Development in 2015. Therefore, themajor global challenges must beaddressedby all meansofsustainabledevelopment, tryingtoreducehunger, poverty, lack ofeducationaswellas environmentalandclimateissues. All theseobjectivesareaddressedto all memberstatesofthe European Union, whichraisesthequestion: Howcanthenew global sustainabilitygoalsbeimplementedatthe national level? Whathasto happen in Germany tofurther promote sustainabledevelopment?   The presentation will focus on thecurrentobjectivesof European environmental policyand will focus in particular on theobjectiveofsustainable urban development in Germany. Firstly, thepriorityobjectives will bedemonstrated, later on implementationstrategies will beexplained. An exampleof a greeningproject in thecenterof Berlin-Spandaufollows, demontrantingpracticalapplication. Thieprojectrealizedunderthesupervisionoftheauthoratthe University of Hamburg anddemonstratesstrategiesofgreeningthat not onlyimprovetheclimateofthecity but also reinforcesocialcohesionthroughitsplanningmeasures.
The forming process of Fiumicino
Authors: Strappa Giuseppe , Crognale Marta
Published: July 2018

This analysis, carried out within the Lettura e Progetto Laboratory of "Sapienza" University of Rome and based on the “processual” method, proposes the reconstruction, through the reading and interpretation of the formative process, of the urban settlement of Fiumicino, on the east coast of Rome . The area was formed by a set of fragmented interventions developed in different phases, with heterogeneous destinations and, apparently, no relation of necessity. The site appears mainly linked to the development of illegal buildings that date back to the second postwar period. However, a deeper analysis based on the reading and interpretation of the character of the building fabric, shows the existence of a clear relation of historical continuity between the today town and the territorial structures developed starting from the ancient city of Portus. Through this reading emerges the plan of a town connected to the activities of Porto Canale (Channel Port) in function since XVI Century. From the analysis of the historical cartography appears as a matrix route based on the continuation of the ancient via Portuense was formed in time and developed on the building routes that have resulted. We believe that this is a remarkable case study that exemplifies the formation of local identity at the edge of the metropolis as over time the area has developed a complex structure, connected to port activities, that is now forming its own urban character and individuality, so that recently it was constituted in autonomous municipality.   References Ciano, A. (1936) Il Porto urbano di Roma (Soc. Tipo-Litografica Ligure, Genova) Strappa,G. (2014) L’architettura come processo (Franco Angeli, Milano 2014) Strappa, G., Carlotti, P., Camiz, A. (2016) Urban Morphology and Historical Fabrics. Contemporary Design of Small Towns in Latium (Gangemi, Roma)