bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A GeoNode-Based Platform for an Effective Exploitation of Advanced DInSAR Measurements
Authors: Buonanno Sabatino , Zeni Giovanni , Fusco Adele , Manunta Michele , Marsella Maria , Carrara Paola , Lanari Riccardo
Published: September 2019

This work presents the development of an efficient tool for managing, visualizing, analysing, and integrating with other data sources, the deformation time-series obtained by applying the advanced differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) techniques. To implement such a tool we extend the functionalities of GeoNode, which is a web-based platform providing an open source framework based on the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards, that allows development of Geospatial Information Systems (GIS) and Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI). In particular, our efforts have been dedicated to enable the GeoNode platform to effectively analyze and visualize the spatio/temporal characteristics of the DInSAR deformation time-series and their related products. Moreover, the implemented multi-thread based new functionalities allow us to efficiently upload and update large data volumes of the available DInSAR results into a dedicated geodatabase. The examples we present, based on Sentinel-1 DInSAR results relevant to Italy, demonstrate the effectiveness of the extended version of the GeoNode platform.
Estimating 3D Chlorophyll Content Distribution of Trees Using an Image Fusion Method Between 2D Camera and 3D Portable Scanning Lidar
Authors: Hosoi Fumiki , Umeyama Sho , Kuo Kuangting
Published: September 2019

An image fusion method has been proposed for plant images taken using a two-dimensional (2D) camera and three-dimensional (3D) portable lidar for obtaining a 3D distribution of physiological and biochemical plant properties. In this method, a 2D multispectral camera with five bands (475–840 nm) and a 3D high-resolution portable scanning lidar were applied to three sets of sample trees. After producing vegetation index (VI) images from multispectral images, 3D point cloud lidar data were projected onto the 2D plane based on perspective projection, keeping the depth information of each of the lidar points. The VI images were 2D registered to the lidar projected image based on the projective transformation and VI 3D point cloud images were reconstructed based on the depth information. Based on the relationship between the VI values and chlorophyll contents taken by a soil and plant analysis development (SPAD)-502 plus chlorophyll meter, 3D distribution images of the chlorophyll contents were produced. Similarly, a thermal 3D image for a sample was also produced. The resultant chlorophyll distribution images offered vertical and horizontal distributions, and those for each orientation for each sample, showing the spatial variability of the distribution and the difference between the samples.
New ECOSTRESS and MODIS Land Surface Temperature Data Reveal Fine-Scale Heat Vulnerability in Cities: A Case Study for Los Angeles County, California
Authors: Hulley Glynn , Shivers Sarah , Wetherley Erin , Cudd Robert
Published: September 2019

Rapid 21st century urbanization combined with anthropogenic climate warming are significantly increasing heat-related health threats in cities worldwide. In Los Angeles (LA), increasing trends in extreme heat are expected to intensify and exacerbate the urban heat island effect, leading to greater health risks for vulnerable populations. Partnerships between city policymakers and scientists are becoming more important as the need to provide data-driven recommendations for sustainability and mitigation efforts becomes critical. Here we present a model to produce heat vulnerability index (HVI) maps driven by surface temperature data from National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) new Ecosystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS) thermal infrared sensor. ECOSTRESS was launched in June 2018 with the capability to image fine-scale urban temperatures at a 70 m resolution throughout different times of the day and night. The HVI model further includes information on socio-demographic data, green vegetation abundance, and historical heatwave temperatures from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor onboard the Aqua spacecraft since 2002. During a period of high heat in July 2018, we identified the five most vulnerable communities at a sub-city block scale in the LA region. The persistence of high HVI throughout the day and night in these areas indicates a clear and urgent need for implementing cooling technologies and green infrastructure to curb future warming.
Assessing Interannual Urbanization of China’s Six Megacities Since 2000
Authors: Yu Sisi , Zhang Zengxiang , Liu Fang , Wang Xiao , Hu Shunguang
Published: September 2019

As a large and populous developing country, China has entered the rapid urbanization stage since 2000. Until 2018, China has accounted for nearly 1/5 of global megacities. Understanding their urbanization processes is of great significance. Given the deficiencies of existing research, this study explored the interannual urbanization process of China’s six megacities during 2000–2018 from four aspects, namely, the basic characteristics of urban land expansion, expansion types, cotemporary evolution of urban land–population–economy, and urbanization effects on the local environment. Results indicated that (1) urban lands in China’s six megacities increased by 153.27%, with distinct differences across megacities; (2) all of six megacities experienced the expansion processes from high-speed to low-speed, but they varied greatly in detail; (3) the speeds of urban land expansion in China’s megacities outpaced the population growth but lagged behind in GDP increase; and (4) urbanization has triggered an environmental crisis, which is represented by the decline in vegetation coverage and the increase in land surface temperature in newly expanded urban lands. This study enriched the content of urbanization, supplemented the existing materials of megacities, and provided a scientific reference for designing rational urban planning.
Novel Drift Reduction Methods in Foot-Mounted PDR System
Authors: Zhang Wenchao , Wei Dongyan , Yuan Hong
Published: September 2019

The zero-velocity update (ZUPT)-aided extended Kalman filter (EKF) is commonly used in the traditional inertial navigation system (INS)-based foot-mounted pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) system, which can effectively suppress the error growth of the inertial-based pedestrian navigation systems. However, in the realistic test, the system still often suffers from drift, which is commonly caused by two reasons: failed detection of the stationary phase in the dynamic pedestrian gait and heading drift, which is a poorly observable variable of the ZUPT method. In this paper, firstly, in order to improve the initial heading alignment accuracy, a novel method to calibrate the PDR system’s initial absolute heading is proposed which is based on the geometric method. By using a calibration line rather than only using the heading of the starting point, the method can calibrate the initial heading of the PDR system more accurately. Secondly, for the problem of failed detection of the stationary phase in the dynamic pedestrian gait, a novel stationary phase detection method is proposed, which is based on foot motion periodicity rather than the threshold comparison principle in the traditional method. In an experiment, we found that the zero-speed state points always occur around the minimum value of the stationary detector in each gait cycle. By taking the minimum value in each gait cycle as the zero-speed state point, it can effectively reduce the failed detection of the zero-speed interval. At last, in order to reduce the heading drifts during walking over time, a new motion constraint method is exploited based on the range constraint principle. During pedestrian walking, the distance between the foot position estimates of the current moment and the previous stationary period is within the maximum stride length. Once the distance is greater than the maximum stride length, the constraint method is used to confine the current estimated foot position to the sphere of the maximum stride length relative to the previous stationary foot position. Finally, the effectiveness of all proposed methods is verified by the experiments.
Is It Time to Shift Our Environmental Thinking? A Perspective on Barriers and Opportunities to Change
Authors: Daigle Christine , Vasseur Liette
Published: September 2019

In 2015, the United Nations General Assembly unanimously adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Sustainable Development Goals. In 2019, the release of the global assessment report of the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services unfortunately demonstrated that our planet may be in more trouble than expected. The main drivers have been identified for many years and relate to human activities such as over-exploitation of natural resources leading to land degradation, deforestation, ocean and atmospheric pollution, and climate change. Despite international agreements and conventions, we are gradually reaching the planet’s boundaries. In this commentary, we present an analysis of the current worldview, discuss the humanist roots of this view, and the barriers to be able to move forward with the transformative changes that are needed for sustainability. We suggest that for these transformative changes to happen, there is a need to reconnect humans with nature, and we propose that some solutions could be devised in areas like education and social media. Changing our mindsets and worldviews are the most urgent courses of action we must undertake to avoid the inevitable.
Cadmium Hyperaccumulation and Translocation in Impatiens Glandulifera: From Foe to Friend?
Authors: Coakley Stephanie , Cahill Gary , Enright Anne-Marie , O’Rourke Brian , Petti Carloalberto
Published: September 2019

The use of phytoremediation to sustainably recover areas contaminated by toxic heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) has been made feasible since the discovery of hyperaccumulator plants. This study examines the potential of the invasive Impatiens glandulifera for phytoremediation propensity of Cd. In these experiments, the plants were exposed to and tested for Cd accumulation; the propensity to accumulate other heavy metals, such as Zinc, was not investigated. The efficacy of phytoaccumulation was assessed over two trials (Cd concentrations of 20 mg/kg to 150 mg/kg) via examination of bioconcentration factor (BCF), translocation factor (TF), and total removal (TR). Exposure to Cd levels of up to 150 mg/kg in the trials did not affect the biomass of the plants compared to the control. Impatiens glandulifera accumulated cadmium at a rate of 276 to 1562 mg/kgin stems, with BCFs, TFs, and TRs of 64.6 to 236.4, 0.2 to 1.2, and 3.6 to 29.2 mg Cd, respectively. In vitro germination revealed unprecedented germination ability, demonstrating the remarkable hypertolerance of I. glandulifera, with no significant difference in the germination of seedlings exposed to 1000 mg/kg Cd compared to the control. This study also examined the localization of Cd in plant tissues via a histochemical assay using dithizone. The results presented herein suggest that I. glandulifera can act as a hyperaccumulator of Cd for phytoremediation.
Static State of a Black Hole Supported by Dark Matter
Authors: Meierovich Boris E.
Published: September 2019

The possibility of an equilibrium state of a gravitating scalar field (describing ordinary matter) inside a black hole, compressed to the state of boson condensate, in balance with a longitudinal vector field (describing dark matter) from the outside, is considered. Analytical analysis, confirmed numerically, shows that there are regular static solutions to the Einstein equations with no limitation on the mass of a black hole. The metric tensor component grr(r) changes sign twice. The behavior of the gravitational field and material fields in the vicinity of these two Schwarzschild radii were studied in detail. The equality of the energy–momentum tensors of the scalar and longitudinal vector fields at the interface supports the phase equilibrium of a black hole and dark matter. Considering the gravitating scalar field as an example, a possible internal structure of a black hole and its influence on the dark matter at the periphery of a galaxy are clarified. In particular, the speed on the plateau of a galaxy rotation curve as a function of a black hole’s mass is determined.
Optimized Conditioning Factors Using Machine Learning Techniques for Groundwater Potential Mapping
Authors: Kalantar Bahareh , Al-Najjar Husam A. H. , Pradhan Biswajeet , Saeidi Vahideh , Halin Alfian Abdul , Ueda Naonori , Naghibi Seyed Amir
Published: September 2019

Assessment of the most appropriate groundwater conditioning factors (GCFs) is essential when performing analyses for groundwater potential mapping. For this reason, in this work, we look at three statistical factor analysis methods—Variance Inflation Factor (VIF), Chi-Square Factor Optimization, and Gini Importance—to measure the significance of GCFs. From a total of 15 frequently used GCFs, 11 most effective ones (i.e., altitude, slope angle, plan curvature, profile curvature, topographic wetness index, distance from river, distance from fault, river density, fault density, land use, and lithology) were finally selected. In addition, 917 spring locations were identified and used to train and test three machine learning algorithms, namely Mixture Discriminant Analysis (MDA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Random Forest (RF). The resultant trained models were then applied for groundwater potential prediction and mapping in the Haraz basin of Mazandaran province, Iran. MDA has been successfully applied for soil erosion and landslide mapping, but has not yet been fully explored for groundwater potential mapping (GPM). Although other discriminant methods, such as LDA, exist, MDA is worth exploring due to its capability to model multivariate nonlinear relationships between variables; it also undertakes a mixture of unobserved subclasses with regularization of non-linear decision boundaries, which could potentially provide more accurate classification. For the validation, areas under Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves (AUC) were calculated for the three algorithms. RF performed better with AUC value of 84.4%, while MDA and LDA yielded 75.2% and 74.9%, respectively. Although MDA performance is lower than RF, the result is satisfactory, because it is within the acceptable standard of environmental modeling. The outcome of factor analysis and groundwater maps emphasizes on optimization of multicolinearity factors for faster spatial modeling and provides valuable information for government agencies and private sectors to effectively manage groundwater in the region.
"FORMAL" AND "NON-FORMAL" EDUCATION IN THE DIFFERENTIATION OF INTRINSIC PROPERTIES
Authors: Slabko Volodymyr , Marusynets Marianna , Strelnik Olga
Published: September 2019

The article analyzes the definitions of "formal" and "non- formal" education as varieties of lifelong learning in the context of foreign and Ukrainian scholars. The meaningful field of "lifelong education" in the coordinates of interdisciplinary research and basic approaches and interpretations of scientists is outlined. The essential characteristics of formal, non-formal and informal education are determined; their priorities and key differences that distinguish them from one another: formal education from non-formal education (alternative to formal education). The difference between information education is that it is not institutionalized, but also in terms of: term of study, age, gender, regional, religious, as well as the right to choose an educational institution or educational institution, field of training and specialty, educational and educational - professional programs.
INVESTIGATION OF THE STATE OF USING EDUCATIONAL COMPUTER INTERACTIVE SIMULATORS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE INFORMATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT FOR PREPARATION BACHELORS IN AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
Authors: Dotsenko Nataliia
Published: September 2019

The article presents the study of using educational interactive computer simulators in the conditions of the informational and educational environment for preparation bachelors in agricultural engineering. There are considered the concept of information science and educational environment, educational interactive computer simulator, defined, what skills should be mastered by bachelors in agricultural engineering. It is presented the classification of educational interactive computer simulators. Educational interactive computer simulators can be divided into test, graphic, animated and gamificated training simulators. The use of each type in accordance with the purpose of the discipline provides a wide range of mastering engineering skills for bachelors in agricultural engineering. There are presented the statistical data of the questionnaire of tutors of the speciality “Agricultural engineering”. On the basis of the received data, there is an opportunity to correct the educational content, forms and methods of its submission in the conditions of the informational and educational environment and to choose educational interactive computer simulators for preparation of training courses for preparation of bachelors in agricultural engineering.
STUDYING UKRAINIAN IN PRIMARY SCHOOL IN MULTILINGUALISM
Authors: Trunova Valentyna
Published: September 2019

It was established that the level of minimum requirements for the speech training of elementary school students should be the same, regardless of the school in which the students study - with the Ukrainian language of instruction or another (in Russian, Bulgarian, Moldavian, etc.). The study of research on the problem revealed the place of speech situations in the language lessons, literary and extracurricular reading. By a speech situation, the author understands an artificially created situation where the student feels with the hero, or instead of the hero. Types of speech learning situations (real, imaginary, built on the basis of the read text, selected illustrations, drawings) are highlighted. The structural components of the speech situation (the description of the scene, participants in the conversation, the speaker’s life experience, speech patterns, speech task, stimulus, motive, speech reaction) are disclosed and a description of each structural component is given. It is determined that the condition for the effectiveness of the use of speech situations is the selection of speech material that meets certain criteria, principles and approaches, and the preparatory work of the teacher: clarifying the dictionary, working out the pronunciation of words, making phrases, etc.
DAMPAK PENURUNAN HARGA KELAPA SAWIT TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN PETANI DESA TITIAN RESAK KECAMATAN SEBERIDA KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HULU
Authors: Suwaji Suwaji , Hermanto Hermanto
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Titian Resak Kecamatan Seberida Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu Provinsi Riau. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh Harga Kelapa Sawit terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Desa Titian Resak. Data yang penulis gunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder.  Untuk mendeskripsikan atau melihat  gambaran terhadap obyek penelitian menggunakan Analisis statistik deskriptif. Analisis harga kelapa sawit dilakukan dengan menggunakan informasi harga Tandan Buah Segar (TBS) yang berlaku secara umum di Provinsi Riau dari bulan Mei 2018 sampai dengan bulan Mei 2019 (15 bulan) kemudian harga TBS selama 15 bulan tersebut dilihat tren dari pertumbuhannya. Tingkat kesejahteraan petani di ukur dengan berdasarkan hasil kuisioner yang menggunakan indikator; pendapatan keluarga, akses terhadap fasislitas kesehatan dan pentingya pendidikan. Untuk mengetahui hubungan dan pengaruh variabel bebas (harga) terhadap variabel terikat (Kesejahteraan) dilakukan pengujian Hipotesis dengan menggunakan analisis statistik dengan alat bantu progam IBM SPSS Versi 21.0. Hasil analisis terhadap harga TBS kelapa sawit menunjukkan tren  yang cenderung menurun, dan sampai bulan Mei 2019 belum menunjukkan kenaikan yang signifikan menuju kearah harga normal. Hasil analisis tingkat kesejahteraan terhadap sampel rumah tangga petani anggota berdasarkan 3 (tiga) indikator kesejahteraa, dari semua butir pertanyaan menunjukkan nilai perhitungan total sama dengan 15,93, dari hasil tersebut itu diperoleh rata-rata 3,98, memberikan indikasi bahwa rumah tangga petani Kelapa Sawit di Desa Titian Resak termasuk kedalam kategori sejahtera. Hasil Analisis statistik menunjukkan koefisien korelasi (R) yaitu 0,400, hal ini menunjukkan ada hubungan antara variabel independent (harga) terhadap variabel dependent (kesejahteraan), sedangkan untuk Koefisien Regresi menunjukkan Y = 7,105+ 0,295X, artinya ada pengaruh yang positif antara Harga Kelapa Sawit terhadap Kesejahteraan Petani, semakin tinggi harga TBS semakins sejahtera petani dan sebaliknya, maka dari hasil ini bisa disimpulkan bahwa penurunan harga kelapa sawit memberikan dampak  yang negatif  (menurunkan tingkat kesejahteraan) bagi petani di Desa Titian Resak.
À quel public s’adressent les auteurs chicanos, portoricains et cubains des États-Unis ?
Authors: Keller Gary D.
Published: September 2019

L'article souligne la différence entre l'édition commerciale relevant des conglomérats et les éditeurs indépendants. La littérature des auteurs américains d’origine hispanique est l’un des créneaux de cette dernière, qui est largement responsable à la fois de la formation du canon littéraire et de l’accès du public aux œuvres canonisées. On y étudie aussi l’évolution des rapports entre ces auteurs, soutenus par les indépendants, et les conglomérats de l’édition et de l’audio-visuel. Il apparaît que davantage de titres signés par des auteurs hispaniques pénètrent le marché grand public.
Processus d’acculturation dans le domaine paralittéraire. De l'Amerique vers la France
Authors: Raabe Juliette
Published: September 2019

The acculturation process in the field of paraliterary publishing.

Cultural transfers from the United States to France have been of particular importance in the field of contemporary paraliterary publishing. These transfers correspond to a variety of models : sometimes American titles are introduced in order to enrich a genre that already exists in France (science fiction) ; sometimes North American lines are brought over intact (Harlequin) ; sometimes books taken from various sources are brought together in a single French "collection", which -with the contribution of French writers- gives birth to a new genre (Série Noire) ; sometimes adaptations of American publications will rekindle interest in traditional forms of French writing (Gore). In every case editorial remodelling (involving abridgement and often rewriting) is extensive and constitutes a form of acculturation.
Multiculturalism in the Academy : An Update on Political Correctness in the United States
Authors: Friedlander Judith
Published: September 2019

In recent months, academics known for their contributions to minority studies have begun to speak out, not only against the cynical right, but against racist and isolationist factions within their own programs. This communication focuses in particular on the stand taken by Henry Louis Gates on Black antisemitism. Together with others, who have also been articulate, responsible and courageous, Gates is making it easier for minority and white scholars to break the silence, a silence which has bowed to reductionist thinking and troubling political analyses.
L'"invisibilité" des travailleurs de la terre au Colorado
Authors: Montel Adeline
Published: September 2019

The “Invisibility” of Migrant Farmworkers in Colorado

“Discovered” in the 70’ s as part of the Other America, agricultural workers, and in particular migratory agricultural workers, became the focus of public and government attention. As elsewhere in the United States, a number of organizations and agencies were created to implement programs designed to alleviate the many problems which beset them. In spite of services provided, living and working conditions have not considerably changed, and migrants have moved from high visibility to “invisibility” again. Based on field work, the present essay seeks to analyze the different components of this phenomenon.
C'est à quel sujet ?
Authors: Silhol Robert
Published: September 2019

What’s “it” all about ?

To impart a particular meaning to a text naturally implies the knowledge of a code (collective by definition), but also a personal response. This response can be considered as partly incorporating the reader's relation to the world, a world from which it cannot accept to be separated. This impossibility of accepting separation -on which however the coming into existence of a “subject” is founded -constitutes one of the interests of psychoanalysis, which also tries to analyse the content of the representations produced by each individual in his or her attempt to face the “void”. Literary anthropology would like to show how each subject, individual or collective, constructs its own meaning.
Wallace Stevens : un ordre abstrait de la traduction
Authors: Savinel Christine
Published: September 2019

Wallace Stevens : l’ordre abstrait de la traduction

Se présentant comme un monde “déjà traduit”, l’univers poétique de Wallace Stevens constitue un défi particulier pour le traducteur. Cet article se propose, à travers, entre autres, deux exemples spécifiques (A Dish of Peaches in Russia et The Plain Sense of Things), d’en repérer les modalités, et de proposer quelques solutions. Il s’agit de traduire la simplicité en recreusant la transparence de l’idiome stevensien. Le traducteur français doit en outre trouver les signes analogiques pour transposer l’altérité des emprunts français. Enfin il faudrait parvenir à recréer un effet d’ordre abstrait, à traduire le chiffre de l’abstraction stevensienne.
Alice au nord d’Eden
Authors: Darras Jacques
Published: September 2019

L’auteur de ce court article essaie de mettre en perspective la littérature britannique après l’intrusion de deux auteurs apparus parmi d’autres, Tony Harrison et Vikram Seth, dont on ne peut plus dire avec certitude s’ils sont poètes ou romanciers. La “matière” britannique se prête-t-elle encore aux formes de transformation artistique traditionnelles ?
Novel Images : From Book to Film
Authors: Pattinson Julie
Published: September 2019

Novel Images : Le passage du livre au film

Cet article a d'abord comme propos de présenter le problème posé par V adaptation filmique de romans. Deux aspects sont à prendre en compte : celui des valeurs artistiques respectives, et celui de l'interaction commerciale. Des adaptations “classiques” des romans britanniques sont citées, films mettant en évidence certains thèmes (conflits de sexe, de classe) qui reflètent des préoccupations toujours actuelles.

Le film que nous avons choisi d'étudier (Damage, l'adaptation en 1992 par Louis Malle du roman de Josephine Hart) démontre le processus commercial d’adaptation (‘ tie-in ’) et traite de thèmes sociologiques contemporains.

L’adaptation constitue-t-elle un processus de traduction ? Une analyse détaillée permet de repérer une différence d’approche entre cinéaste et romancier. Ainsi, le roman et son adaptation cinématographique pourraient être considérés comme deux œuvres distinctes, deux visions du monde.
Les apports de Wendy Halff à la didactique de l’oral (commentaire de l'article de Wendy Halff qui précède)
Authors: Bailly Danielle
Published: September 2019

New dimensions in the didactics of oral English : the contribution of Wendy Halff

This study reexamines leading pedagogical issues presented in one of the last articles of the late Ms. Wendy Halff, a recognized researcher in the field of didactics. We intend to comment and analyse these topics that include teaching practices based on language awareness, conceptualizing the target language as an organized, coherent system of signs, acknowledging short-and long-term objectives, and accounting for the obstacles inherent in second language learning by a French speaker, while considering requisites for teaching efficiency. Similarly we will attempt to set forth and comment on Ms. Halff s underlying psycholinguistic themes, such as her treatment of some typical phono-graphematic errors in relation to the learner's cognitive processing, and her interpretation of problem solving strategies in the learner's interlanguage as a whole.
From wen'di: to 'wendi
Authors: Ligozat Marie-Aude
Published: September 2019

The average English teacher in France is insufficiently aware of the extent to which stress, vowel reduction and liaison hinder the comprehension of simple utterances. Most of the comprehension exercises proposed in textbooks do not address such problems. Wendy Halffis participation in a class of 6ème in a Parisian suburb set the pupils on the road to thinking about what they heard : elements which “ disappear ” must be reconstructed ; those which “sound alike” can be interpreted thanks to the context. Both teachers and pupils would benefit from more systematic teaching of “oral grammar.”
Taking “La Catrina” to the Streets : a Mexican Play about Death in New York City’s Barrios
Authors: Huerta Jorge A.
Published: September 2019

This article discusses the process of rehearsing and producing a Mexican play about death in the streets of New York City's Spanish-speaking communities. Produced by the Puerto Rican Travelling Theater and directed by the author in the summer of 1995, Las ondas de la Catrina demonstrated that although death may not be regarded with the same kind of attitude by New York City’s Latinos, neither do they shy away from it. Death is a constant presence on the streets of this metropolis, especially in the barrios and ghettos, and perhaps that is why they laugh at death, celebrate its caprices and sing with its victims, if only for an afternoon.
Salvadoran Immigrant Youth between two Worlds
Authors: Rodriguez Luis J.
Published: September 2019

In the 1980s, Salvadorans came to the United States as refugees from war and hunger - 500,000 to Los Angeles alone. Some of them became part of Los Angeles gang life, known as La Vida Loca. After the 1992 Los Angeles Rebellion, US immigration authorities began a special gang task force to deport alleged gang youth to Mexico, El Salvador, Guatemala and Belize. They also deported the L.A. gang wars. In El Salvador, there are now drive-bys and clashes between rival gangs. My paper looks at the nature of these policies and its impact on a poor country such as El Salvador.
Images burlesques du Barrio à Mexico
Authors: Olivier Florence
Published: September 2019

Burlesque Images of the Barrio in Juan Villoro’s El disparo de argon and Carlos Fuentes's Cristobal Nonato.

In these two different novels the two writers present a caricatured image of the barrio. San Lorenzo, where the plot of El disparo de argon unfolds, is emblematic of Mexico City as a whole and, beyond that, of Mexico itself Thus the barrio becomes the stage for commercial life, violence, delinquency, education, entertainment, everyday dramas, and a detective story, all set in a neighborhood whose toponymy is meaningful and where nature and culture are symbolically superimposed. In Cristobal Nonato, Mexico City at the end of the 20th century, a monstrous megalopolis, is but the setting of a baroque novel that features a Mexican apocalypse by means of allegory and parody.
Deux réponses à une même question : histoire comparée des modèles constitutionnels britannique et français
Authors: Constantin Jean-Paul
Published: September 2019

Two answers to the same question : compared history of the British and French constitutionnal practices.

After having followed much the same course as all other European countries in feudal times, France and England began to distinguish themselves from the rest of Europe and from each other in the XVth century. England has experienced a continuous and pragmatic evolution largely influenced by the direct and indirect consequences of the Protestant Reformation. Over the years, the source of political sovereignty and legitimacy has shifted from the Crown to Parliament, and then, Parliament has gradually founded its own legitimacy on universal suffrage. In the meantime, the situation in France has long been marked by the triumph of absolute monarchy. Sudden, radical change was brought by the French Revolution and the search for an ideal form of government embodied in the adoption of sixteen successive written constitutions since 1791.
Today’s Access to Archives : the User’s Point of View
Authors: Salinié Frances
Published: September 2019

L’accès aux archives : le point de vue de l’usager d’aujourd’hui.

Les services d’information et la bibliothèque du British Council à Paris sont une source unique d’accès à des documents primaires et à toutes sortes de renseignements sur la civilisation et la culture britanniques. Ils ont recours à des technologies nouvelles de stockage de l’information sur microfilms et sur CD-ROMs. Les progrès accomplis depuis dix ans en la matière sont stupéfiants. Un progrès significatif a été accompli avec la conclusion d’un accord global entre le British Council d’une part et la British Library avec ses 18 millions de livres, et le British Document Supply Centre avec ses 150 millions de documents d’autre part. La «bibliothèque virtuelle» est pour demain, la «bibliothèque électronique» est déjà là. Les difficultés techniques et le coût des conversions ne doivent pas être sous-estimés. La mort des bibliothèques et des bibliothécaires n’est pas encore pour demain. De nouvelles tâches et de nouvelles méthodes les attendent.
Fête révolutionnaire, fête cruelle : révolutions à Charleston et en Haïti
Authors: Rossignol Marie-Jeanne
Published: September 2019

Revolutionary Festivals , Cruel Festivals : Revolutions in Charleston and Haïti.

This paper investigates various types of political festivals in North America at the time of the French Revolution, the term "festival" being broadly defined as both a spontaneous common rejoicing and a form of social upheaval. The study first focuses on the celebrations organized in the United States in 1793 on behalf of Genêt, the French ambassador to the American Republic, which must be carefully distinguished from the civic festivals held in France at the time. This paper then shows that in the era of the French Revolution, these political festivals could also be cruel, as was exemplified by the San Domingo slave insurrection which began in 1791 during a religious ceremony. Be they cruel or joyful, festivals undoubtedly were part of the revolutionary experience at the end of the 18th century.
Frontière et sociabilité en Californie : 1800-1860
Authors: Foucrier Annick
Published: September 2019

Frontier and Sociability in California : 1800-1860.

In California, before 1848, public space prevailed over private space. Many inhabitants lived in extended families and worked in a cattle-raising economy on large properties, the ranchos. Urban life revolved around the plaza, a meeting place where religious and civic ceremonies were performed. With the annexation to the United States and the Gold Rush, mass migration overwhelmed this traditional society. Because the migrants were mainly men, their lives maintained a strong public dimension at first. But the trend was towards privatisation of space. Nuclear families became the majority, and in cities people tended to cluster according to their origins and cultures. Among Mexican-Californians, in the south of the State, new laws, demographic pressure and the decline of cattle-ranching undermined traditional behavior patterns.
Biculturalité et mémoire collective : Amy Tan et Maxine H. Kingston
Authors: Nacouzi-Bourdichon Salwa
Published: September 2019

Biculturalism and Collective Memory : A. Tan and M.H. Kingston.

The aim of this article is to examine the ways in which two Chinese American female writers, as representative of the same generational positioning and as gendered writers, account for their individual and collective memories in the United States at different historical juncture periods, in different socio-economic conditions.

How and why do they select or reject part of their community’s past ? How do they construct or contribute to a collective memory at a specific historical period ? Does the conception of the past change over time ? Do these writers participate in a strategic construction of a past that will serve specific pragmatic intentions involving notions of cultural identity ?

The answers to these questions lead us to the following conclusion : group identity depends on its memory and thus on the historical realities and socio-economic conditions not only of the group but also of the outside world.
Transitivité et types de procès
Authors: Rivière Claude
Published: September 2019

Il est couramment admis que le complément d’objet influe sur la nature du procès (Aktionsart), et qu’il existe donc un lien entre types de procès et transitivité. Ce lien est examiné en détail, en incluant le traitement des verbes intransitifs par l’hypothèse inaccusative / inergative. La conclusion est qu’il existe effectivement un lien, à condition (i) que la transitivité soit conçue à un niveau plus profond que le schéma de surface et (ii) que les phénomènes de quantification des groupes nominaux soient pris en compte.
Quand l’objet est un nom de procès
Authors: Celle Agnès
Published: September 2019

La traduction vers l’anglais de la configuration verbe + nom de procès fait apparaître des différences marquées entre le français et l’anglais. En français, les noms de procès sont ambigus : ils peuvent renvoyer à un processus comme au résultat d’un processus. Ils peuvent figurer en position d’objet indépendamment de leur degré de détermination, de la valeur aspectuelle du procès et du mode d’énonciation. En anglais, l’objet de la relation prédicative tend à refléter le but de la relation primitive. C’est pour cette raison que le nom de procès ne peut apparaître dans cette position, à moins que l’objet ne soit simplement localisé par rapport au sujet et que la relation ne soit faiblement transitive. Cela nécessite un repérage aoristique, dont la mise en place est beaucoup plus contrainte en anglais qu’en français.
Troilus et Cressida et la chute de Troie
Authors: Marienstras Richard
Published: September 2019

Troilus and Cressida and the Fall of Troy

The plot of Troilus and Cressida has often puzzled spectators and commentators because of its strange appearance as scenes from the Fall of Troy, weighted by commentaries on the reasons (or lack of rational arguments) for the long war. To an audience for whom the story was central to their preoccupations with war and civic destruction, the “pageant” of the play functions by reference to a long tradition of classic texts and discussions, including in other work by Shakespeare. Troy was the paradigm of extreme catastrophe. The play is held together by its sense of fatality, in which every event, every argument, is a step towards the death of Hector and the tragedy which ensues from that death. Since Hector is as much a symbol as a character, his destiny is Troy’s, and it is Troilus (and not Hector himself) who understands how far his murder and mutilation represent the massacre and destruction of the city. The horror and terror of that tragic fall represents, and not just for modern spectators, the first genocide in the European consciousness.
Adultérations : les travestissements d'Othello
Authors: Imbert Michel
Published: September 2019

Adulterations : crossdressing over the racial line in Othello

The Elizabethan convention of cross-dressing and the American Victorian burlesque which exploited ‘black face’ both represent travesties. This essay explores the ways in which these artifices, whether sexual or racial, reduce actual representation to interchangeable theatre practices, a parade of masks that calls representation itself into question. It considers whether these two analogous conventions, apparently so distant from each other, may already be implicitly present in Othello’s drama of adultery.
“Mon divin silence”. Shakespeare, les femmes et les puritains
Authors: Goy-Blanquet Dominique
Published: September 2019

La guerre des sexes illustrée par les couples shakespeariens reflète sans doute l’opinion courante sur les accès ou excès d’humeur féminine mais elle ne peut nous renseigner sur la réalité des conduites de son temps. Il faut donc revenir à l’histoire et la confronter aux textes, nombreux à l’époque, littérature de conseil, sermons, traités médicaux, qui recensent les innombrables faiblesses et défauts féminins. Il faut entrer dans l’univers “ irréaliste” des comédies pour apprécier la finesse du plan humain de Shakespeare. Si les femmes mènent le jeu avec une étonnante maestria, ce n ’est plus du pouvoir politique qu ’elles s ’emparent, même la guerrière Hippolyta a abdiqué en faveur de son mari. Leur but et leur soin, c’est la paix des ménages, à commencer par le leur, c’est l’univers de la vie privée et des relations humaines qu 'elles soumettent à un grand nettoyage de printemps. L’équilibre atteint, elles le savent et nous le savons, ne peut être que précaire, car il doit concilier les exigences sociales et la quête individuelle du bonheur, l’intérêt des parents et les désirs de la jeunesse, l’autorité masculine et la volonté féminine.
Le corridor de la mort dans Mesure pour Mesure
Authors: Schwartz-Gastine Isabelle
Published: September 2019

Measure for Measure and Death Row

Not only is Measure characterized by play between prejudice and tolerance, Viennese law, and Justice, but also by a play upon elapsing time : time runs backward. Far from recuperating the ancient laws of Vienna, men play with and upon each other according to the inner state of Angelo’s conscience and consciousness. The incessant repetitions which punctuate the play, and which foretell the protagonist’s fall, look forward to the tragedies, especially Macbeth. Here, without ever really deciding or clarifying anything -as would be normal in comedy -in the end it is a degree of laisser-faire, impotence, or what one might label as realism, which prevails over prejudice.
Lire Shakespeare : guide élémentaire de l’anglais élisabéthain
Authors: Celle Agnès , Hoarau Lucie
Published: September 2019

Comme on ne peut pas lire Shakespeare sans une connaissance de l’anglais du seizième siècle, nous tentons d’esquisser les grands lignes nécessaires pour une connaissance de base.
“L’identité paradoxale” : Modalités de l’exploration dans les œuvres de Saul Bellow, Bernard Malamud, Philip Roth, Woody Allen
Authors: Astruc Rémi
Published: September 2019

“Paradoxical identity” : Modes of exploration in the works of S. Bellow , B. Malamud, Ph. Roth , W. Allen

For Bellow, Malamud, Roth and Allen ’s characters, discovering one’s identity is mostly a question of exploring the conditions of one’s place in society. They do this by analyzing the many frontiers that make them “different”, in a neverending process of knowing oneself and knowing others. This first exploration, which is a sociological and psychological one, gives birth to a second one, which is then literary and consists of finding the adequate means of representing this quest. Several frontiers are thus explored one after another, in five successive “configurations of identity”. It appears then that the evolution of the frontiers from one group of fictions to another is accompanied by a change in the very nature of the exploration, which was a matter of discovering and becomes a matter of creating.
«The Yellow Wallpaper» : la matrice des chimères
Authors: Imbert Michel
Published: September 2019

«The Yellow Wallpaper» : the matrix of chimeras

The narrator seeks to read into the wallpaper so as to identify the anthropomorphic features of a womanlike figure. But even as she endeavours to disown dispossession and to reconstruct a framework, the symptoms of hysteria surface again on the wallpaper, thus thwarting the insane fantasy of absolute self-possession.
Linguistic Identities of German Jews in Anglophone Countries
Authors: Schmid Monika S.
Published: September 2019

This paper gives an overview of a research project on the role of persecution and identity for language use and language loss of German Jewish refugees in anglophone countries. The situation of German Jews under the Nazi regime is different from the situations of most minorities considered in research on language and identity until now. This paper tries to point out how (linguistic) identities were threatened by the changes in such attitudes after the Nazi rise to power and the increasingly virulent spread of anti-Semitic legislation and sentiments. It is on the basis of personal accounts that the mismatch between acknowledged and ascribed identity caused by this persecution and the ensuing identity and language conflicts is explored here.
Subtlety and Sophistication : American Art and Culture at the 1958 World’s Fair
Authors: Krenn Michael L.
Published: September 2019

L'art américain à la foire internationale de Bruxelles en 1958 : subtilité et raffinement.

En 1958, le gouvernement fédéral se fit le commanditaire d'une exposition d’art moderne destinée au pavillon américain de la Foire internationale de Bruxelles. De nombreux critiques (membres du Congrès conservateurs, critiques d’art traditionnels) s’élevèrent contre ce projet, en demandant qu’on y incorpore des œuvres plus anciennes et plus réalistes. L’exposition eut cependant lieu et connut un grand succès dont se réjouirent les autorités américaines. Pour de nombreux responsables américains, l’art moderne constituait une réponse aux initiatives soviétiques dans le domaine culturel ; en outre, il pouvait servir de contrepoint au Réalisme soviétique alors dominant en URSS et illustrer efficacement la propagande qui présentait les Etats-Unis comme un pays à la pointe des efforts culturels et artistiques. Enfin, on pensait que l’art moderne attirait une petite partie, très influente, de l’opinion occidentale.
Focalisation sur l’actant principal dans les passifs «longs» en anglais actuel
Authors: Malinier Yves-Bernard
Published: September 2019

The Main Participant of the Event as Focus in “Long” Passive Sentences in Present Day English

This paper deals with the focalization of the supplementary argument in long passives as a way of capturing the hearer’s attention. The fact that there is a by-phrase in the utterance does not imply that the supplementary argument is always focalized ; it can simply be considered relevant by the speaker. The purpose of the study is to find out more about the details of the constraints affecting focalization from an enunciative point of view. The by-phrase NP will be focalized when it has a sufficient degree of notional and enunciative determinacy especially when it refers to an Agent.
The syntactic behaviour of give and provide and the operation of topicalization
Authors: Rivière Claude
Published: September 2019

Le comportement syntaxique de Give et Provide et l’opération de topicalisation.

Cet article a pour but de déterminer les raisons du choix entre les deux constructions de GIVE et provide dans du discours authentique en étudiant des énoncés relevés dans des corpus. A l’aide d’une analyse en deux étapes, l’hypothèse fonctionnelle (Givón, 1993) sur le statut discursif des deux groupes nominaux impliqués est testée et, au bout du compte, partiellement confirmée. Cependant l’hypothèse fonctionnelle doit être complétée en tenant compte de la nature des actants auxquels réfèrent les groupes nominaux. Il faut donc considérer des facteurs à deux niveaux : le niveau du discours pour rendre compte du choix entre les deux constructions, et le niveau des actants pour expliquer la distorsion dans la proportion des groupes nominaux définis. Il y interaction entre les deux niveaux, qui se renforcent ou se contredisent.