bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laser Processing of Novel Functional Materials
Authors: Lippert Thomas , Wokaun Alexander
Published: May 2022

Laser processing and laser ablation are the subject of fascinating fundamental studies and are used in various industrial processes. The applications of laser ablation range from microstructuring of nearly all materials, to the production of thin crystalline films with special properties,
and micro-spectroscopy. Our projects in the field of laser ablation encompass both applied and fundamental research. In detail, we are working on the design and structuring of novel photopolymers for laser applications, on the development of advanced methods for the microstructuring of glassy
carbon, and the pulsed laser deposition of perovskite films used in electrocatalysis. Additionally, emission or plasma spectroscopy is used to study the pulsed laser deposition process, and as tool for trace analysis of heterogeneous samples.
Designing Solids
Authors: Nesper Reinhard
Published: May 2022

The rational design of an extended polymer or of a solid is an extremely difficult enterprise. Yet, only well-designed solids have a chance of constituting so-called intelligent materials – a necessary prerequisite for future technological materials. Three examples are given of
how solids may be designed: a high energy battery material, tubular and fibrous nanoparticles, as well as semiconductor compounds.
Metal Phosphides and Zeolite-like Mesoporous Materials as Catalysts
Authors: Prins Roel , Pirngruber Gerhard , Weber Thomas
Published: May 2022

Two new classes of materials, which we developed and use in our catalytic research, are described. Metal phosphides are studied for their use as model compounds for hydrodenitrogenation catalysis. M41S type materials contain mesopores, which enhance diffusion and, thus, the effectiveness
of zeolitic materials in liquid-phase reactions. After grafting with sulfonic acid groups, they are used as wide-pore solid acids.
Heterogeneous Catalysis – An Interdisciplinary Approach
Authors: Baiker Alfons
Published: May 2022

Catalysis is a powerful method for developing chemical processes that make efficient use of energy and raw materials and have minimal impact on the environment. The main emphasis of our research lies in advancing the scientific basis for the design of efficient heterogeneous catalytic
processes for fine chemical synthesis and the abatement of pollutants. Present research activities are briefly reviewed.
Structural Organometallic Chemistry and its Relation to Homogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Pregosin Paul S.
Published: May 2022

A useful aid in enantioselective homogeneous catalysis, new chiral complexes based on phosphorus acid and a novel approach to recognizing ion-pairing are described.
Transition Metal Catalysis on Olefins: Some Considerations Relative to Migratory Insertion
Authors: Consiglio Giambattista
Published: May 2022

Olefin migratory insertion into a metal–hydrogen or a metal–carbon bond is an ubiquitous step in olefin coordination catalysis by transition metal complexes. When the catalytic system has element(s) of chirality, and when the two carbon atoms of the substrate are not symmetry-related,
the nature of the reaction products will be determined by the capacity of the catalytic system for enantioface selection and by the direction of the insertion. Despite some progress having been made, good control of this important catalytic step is far from being realized. Considerations concerning
this step are presented with particular reference to the work of the author in the field of hydrocarbonylation and olefin (co)polymerization reactions.
Bend the Coin Your Way: Ligand Design and Main Group Element Chemistry
Authors: Böhler Carsten , Büttner Torsten , Deblon Stephan , Frasca Gionata , Frison Gilles , Geier Jens , Laporte Cécile , Läng Florian , Loss Sandra , Maire Pascal , Pè Nicola , Schönberg Hartmut , Scherer Markus , Widauer Christoph , Grützmacher Hansjörg
Published: May 2022

The dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptatrienyl residue is introduced as platform for the high-yield synthesis of new rigid phosphanes (tropp ligand system) and phosphiranes (BABAR-phos); strained three-membered heterocycles. With tropp as ligands, transition metal complexes with unusual low oxidation
states at the metal center could be prepared and isolated. Especially mononuclear paramagnetic rhodium(O) and iridium(O) complexes could be studied in detail. The BABAR-phos compounds show very high thermal and chemical stability, i.e. they are remarkably stable against oxygen, sulfur,
strong alkylating agents, and aqueous acid and base. Rhodium(l) complexes with BABAR-phos proved to be highly stable active catalyst precursors for hydroborations.
Discovery and Study of New Reaction Chemistry; Applications in Complex Molecule Assembly
Authors: Carreira Erick M.
Published: May 2022

The catalytic, in situ generation of metal alkynilides under conditions compatible with electrophilic reaction partners provides fresh avenues for the development of new efficient asymmetric processes leading to C–C bond-formation. We have documented that terminal acetylenes undergo stereoselective additions to aldehydes in the presence of catalytic Zn(II), amine, and (+)-or (-)-N-methyl ephedrine to give adducts in useful yields and excellent enantio-induction. The application of this method to natural products syntheses, as exemplified in the epothilone total synthesis, underscores the versatility of the process.
From Synthetic Methods to γ-Peptides – From Chemistry to Biology
Authors: Seebach Dieter , Beck Albert K. , Brenner Meinrad , Gaul Christoph , Heckel Alexander
Published: May 2022

The research activities of our group are demonstrated by examples in the following fields: (i) TADDOL auxiliary system (combinatorial synthesis, a chiral hydroperoxide, immobilization on controlled-pore glass silica gel); (ii) a geminally diphenyl-substituted 4-isopropyl-1,3-oxazolidinone as a superior Evans-type auxiliary (for enantioselective enolate alkylation, aldol addition, Michael addition, and Diels-Alder reactions); (iii) enantioselective reactivity umpolung (with a lithiated methylthiomethyl derivative of an oxazolidinone), and (iv) chemical and biological investigations of γ-peptides (folding to helices and turns, stability against peptidases). The impact of biology on the projects of a synthetic organic group is discussed.
Facing Glycoscience
Authors: Vaselia Andrea
Published: May 2022

This essay describes an approach facing some of the challenges of glycoscience, concentrating on the relation between structure and reactivity. This has resulted in new methods, precursors of carbohydrate-derived reactive intermediates, analysis of their reactivity, and application
mostly in synthesis. It has also led to the design, synthesis, and use of enzyme inhibitors, and to novel carbohydrate mimics and nucleotide analogues.
Towards Biomolecular Structure Determination by High-Resolution Solid-State NMR: Assignment of Solid Peptides
Authors: Detken Andreas , Ernst Matthias , Meier Beat H.
Published: May 2022

High-resolution solid-state NMR is rapidly evolving into a tool for determining the structure of biomolecules in solid phase, thereby opening up avenues for studying systems which are difficult to access by other methods. In this contribution, we focus on assigning the resonances of a uniformly isotope-enriched peptide or protein to its primary structure. This represents a first step towards the goal of determining the complete three-dimensional structure of proteins by solid-state NMR. The assignment strategy relies on polarization-transfer experiments involving 13C and 15N spins. The prospects for structural studies based on such assignments are discussed.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Biomolecular Systems
Authors: Van Gunsteren Wilfred , Bakowies Dirk , Bürgi Roland , Chandrasekhar Indira , Christen Markus , Daura Xavier , Gee Peter , Glättli Alice , Hansson Tomas , Oostenbrink Chris , Pitera Jed , Peter Christine , Schuler Lukas , Soares Thereza , Yu Haibo
Published: May 2022

The group for computer-aided chemistry at the ETH Zürich focuses its research on the development of methodology to simulate the behavior of biomolecular systems and the use of simulation techniques to analyze and understand biomolecular processes at the atomic level. Here, the
current research directions are briefly reviewed and illustrated with a few examples.
Electrostatic Interactions in Biomolecular Systems
Authors: Hünenberger Philippe H. , Börjesson Ulf , Lins Roberto D.
Published: May 2022

Electrostatic interactions are of fundamental importance in determining the structure, dynamics, and function of biomolecules. In particular, they play a key role in protein folding and stability, pH-induced conformational changes, recognition of substrates by receptors, enzymatic catalysis,
and in the formation of polysaccharide-based gels. However, due to their magnitude and long-range nature, the accurate representation of electrostatic interactions in classical computer simulations is a difficult task. There is thus considerable effort in the scientific community towards the
goals of (i) improving the representation of electrostatic interactions in biomolecular simulations, and (ii) understanding their specific role in biomolecular processes. The present article reviews some of the work carried out in our group along these two lines.
Enzyme Engineering
Authors: Hilvert Donald
Published: May 2022

Various approaches for creating enzymes with tailored activities are presented.
Living in an Oxygen Atmosphere – NO• Problem?
Authors: Herold Susanna , Koppenol Willem H.
Published: May 2022

Formation of nitrogen monoxide in vivo as a signal molecule and as part of the immunological response leads to the formation of oxidized haemoproteins and a powerful oxidant, peroxynitrite. The latter is an unstable isomer of nitrate that, in the protonated form, oxidizes and nitrates biomolecules. Peroxynitrite is formed from the diffusion-controlled reaction of superoxide with nitrogen monoxide. The hypothesis that peroxynitrous acid undergoes homolysis to nitrogen dioxide and hydroxyl radicals is not substantiated by analyses of the products of peroxynitrite decay. Peroxynitrite has been stabilized as a ligand of cobalt(III). Nitrogen monoxide reacts very rapidly with oxyhaemoglobin and oxymyoglobin to generate intermediate iron(III)peroxynitrito complexes that do not nitrate the tyrosine residues in the globin. Peroxynitrite oxidizes oxymyoglobin to the iron(III) form of the protein via the high valent oxoiron(iv)myoglobin. The two tyrosine residues of myoglobin are nitrated in only very low yield. Peroxynitrite can be efficiently scavenged by an iron(III)myoglobin mutant in which the distal histidine has been replaced with an alanine. We propose that the reactions of myoglobin with nitrogen monoxide and peroxynitrite may be essential to preserve respiration in the skeletal muscle.
The New Wave of Potentiometric Ion Sensors
Authors: Pretsch Ernö
Published: May 2022

Potentiometric selectivities and lower detection limits of ion-selective electrodes have been dramatically improved through better design of the electrodes. Ion-selective electrodes may now compete with the most sophisticated techniques of ultratrace activity determinations.
Direct Electrochemical Reduction of Indigo
Authors: Roessler Albert , Dossenbach Otmar , Meyer Ulrich , Marte Walter , Rys Paul
Published: May 2022

Increasing ecoefficiency of textile wet processes has become an important topic in our research group. Reducing agents required for the application of vat and sulfur dyes cannot be recycled, and they lead to problematic waste products. Therefore, modern aspects of economical and ecological
requirements are not fulfilled. The application of direct electrochemical reduction of indigo as a novel route has been investigated by spectrophotometric and voltammetric experiments in laboratory cells. Experiments yield information about the reaction mechanism and the kinetics, and they
show the possibility of this new route for production of water- soluble indigo, which offers tremendous environmental benefits.
A New Reaction-Separation Unit: The Simulated Moving Bed Reactor
Authors: Lode Florian , Mazzotti Marco , Morbidelli Massimo
Published: May 2022

Process intensification is one of the most promising tools for improving current technologies. This requires dealing in most cases with complex systems where many different and often interacting physicochemical phenomena take place simultaneously. Continuous reactive chromatography,
implemented through the simulated moving bed reactor technology, represents a novel example of such an intensified process. In this case, only a detailed description of the selective polymer swelling and reaction kinetics enables the modeling and the understanding of the behavior of the chemical
production process. The optimization of the unit reveals its major economic limitation to arise from the sorptive properties of the currently available stationary phase. Based on a proper understanding of the unit operation, it is possible to design new stationary phases, tailor-made for specific
reacting systems, which allow the performance of the process to be significantly improved.
Environmentally Oriented Design and Assessment of Chemical Products and Processes
Authors: Stroebe Maximilian , Hoffmann Volker H. , Zogg Andreas , Scheringer Martin , Hungerbühler Konrad
Published: May 2022

In this paper we illustrate our work on integrated process and product design and assessment using three examples: a small calorimeter for quick reaction screening, a multi-criteria process technology assessment method, and a screening tool for exposure-based risk assessment of chemical
products. A short introduction is given on our general framework for considering environmental objectives in chemical product and process design.
Laborvision ETH Zürich – Der neue Laborstandard der ETH Zürich
Authors: Schmucki Marcel , Martinoni Bruno
Published: May 2022

The strong reputation of the Swiss Federal institute of Technology (ETH) is based on the fact that, since its foundation well over one hundred years ago, it has played a leading role in the engineering and natural science disciplines. Now, with the forward-looking ETH Laboratory Vision concept, it is once again putting its innovative capability to the test. In collaboration with private industry, a system has been developed which establishes a new international standard in laboratory design and construction. This Laboratory Vision concept will, in the final analysis, also owe its extensive international breakthrough to the fact that this type of laboratory design and construction is suitable for laboratories of all types. The proven conceptional flexibility of the modular system does not stand in the way of any application, whether it be for physical, organic, inorganic or technical chemistry. Also in biochemistry, in the molecular and medical sciences, and in material technology, the self-contained, autonomous unit of the laboratory cell, combined with the modular installation system, sets new standards for innovation and technology.
Reduction of radiation transmission through functionalization of textiles from man-made cellulosic fibers
Authors: Klinkhammer Kristina , Ratovo Karin , Heß Oliver , Bendt Ellen , Grethe Thomas , Krieg Marcus , Sturm Michael , Weide Thomas , Mahltig Boris
Published: May 2022

Both ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) light have negative impact on the human health. With this background it is the main aim of the current research to realize a textile material which is able to protect against both UV light and IR light. For this research, regenerated cellulosic fibers from the Lyocell process are used and modified. Main analytical investigations are done by photo-spectroscopy in arrangement of diffuse transmission for the spectral range from 220 nm to 1400 nm. Additionally, microscopic investigations are done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For material development, Lyocell fibers functionalized with TiO2 particles are first processed into yarns and then into knitted fabrics. Compared to non-functionalized textiles, the transmission is reduced in the UV range due to the absorption behavior of TiO2. Subsequent dyeing with anthraquinone or reactive dyes enhanced the UV protective effect. To reduce the transmission in the near IR range (NIR), non-functionalized Lyocell knitted fabrics are functionalized with various IR absorbers in different concen­trations. With increasing concentration, the transmission de­creased. However, a grey coloration of the textile is observed simultaneously, with increased concentration. This must be con­sidered in further processing steps. With these methods for function­alization, it is possible to produce textiles that offer increased protection against UV and IR radiation. These are promising materials for the production of clothing or work wear.
La Convención Nacional de Facultades de Ingeniería Industrial
Authors: Jarufe Zedán Benjamín
Published: May 2022

No presenta resumen.
Las nuevas formas de competencia y producción y el papel del Ingeniero Industrial
Authors: Goulart Carlos Alberto
Published: May 2022

El autor analiza las características esenciales de las modalidades de producción y las formas de competencia, a nivel mundial.
Pautas sobre la Currícula de Ingeniería Industrial
Authors: Villegas Chamorro Ciro A.
Published: May 2022

El artículo trata de identificar una modalidad de formación profesional  a nivel de pregraduación en función de nuestra realidad y de las tendencias actuales en el mundo.
Pasado, presente y futuro de la Ingeniería Industrial
Authors: Márquez Robles José
Published: May 2022

Se muestra una acusiosa revisión del pasado, presente y futuro  de la Ingeniería Industrial, partiendo del mundo agroindustrial  en la primera ola  de su evolución y llegando a la  Nanotecnología, ligándose dicho proceso evolutivo  con el pasado, presente y futuro  de los materiales y la tranformación de la maquinaria.
Aproximación para un análisis de la demanda profesional en la perspectiva del desarrollo nacional
Authors: Rodríguez Pastor Luis Alfonso
Published: May 2022

El autor destaca las circunstancias  políticas y maciolémonicas que afectan el empleo profesional  y con ello, el desarrollo nacional.
Construcción de los locales industriales y las consideraciones ecológicas
Authors: Coronado Naranjo Horacio
Published: May 2022

El autor de la  presente colaboación se refiere a las disposiciones contenidas en el Reglamento de Construcciones que en su Capítulo XII establece llas normas para las edificaciones de los locales industriales.
Productividad y calidad : Requisitos para el desarrollo
Authors: Figueroa Pittaluga Arturo
Published: May 2022

El autor en este artículo enfatiza en el aspecto de la calidad de la producción.
Planificación económica: El uso de Modelos Operativos
Authors: Hinojosa Vásquez Héctor R.
Published: May 2022

El autor presenta el planeamiento y la manera de resolver modelos operativos que se usan en la planificación económica tanto en la actividad pública como en la privada.
Protección jurídica del software y la actividad empresarial
Authors: Núñez Ponce Julio
Published: May 2022

El objetivo del presente trabajo, es incidir en los aspectos fundamentales de la protección jurídica del software, relacionados con la actividad empresarial, para que los profesionales, puedan encuadrar sus decisiones, en un marco legal, que les permita tomar conciencia del respeto del derecho de autor, evitar sanciones y promover su actividad empresarial en la industria del software, tanto nacional como extranjera.
La autonomía universitaria
Authors: Vilcarromero Ruiz Oscar
Published: May 2022

Este artículo trata de reflexionar sobre el sentido y la dimensión de la autonomía universitaria, fundamentándose principalmente en su origen histórico.
Optimism and System Justification Tendency of University Students
Authors: MARAŞ TAŞKIN Gülşah , ŞINGIR Hatice
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this research is to investigate if the system justification tendency and demographic variables (gender, old, socio-economic level, mother’s and father’s educational level, political view) predict the optimism and demographic variables predict the system justification tendency. The study group consisted of 434 students (282 female, 152 male) attending to different university in Ankara. System Justification Scale, Optimism Scale and the Personal Information Form were used to in the research. This research was questioned which variables predict the optimism and system justification with multiple linear regression analysis (stepwise method). Secondly, Point biserial correlation analysis was used to determine relationship between gender and optimism and Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient to determine the relationship between the other variables. The result of these analysis indicated that political view, gender and system justification predicted the optimism; mother’s educational level and political view predicted system justification. At the same time, it was seen that female were more optimistic than male; political view approached to the right, the level of system justification and optimism increased. It has also been found that as the system justification tendency increased, the score of optimism increased.
Effectiveness of banana juice (Musa acuminata Linn.) on blood pressure, blood
sugar levels, and low-density lipoprotein in elderly
Authors: Fitri Y. , Suryana S. , Ahmad A. , Hendra A. , Fitrianingsih E. , Arnisam  , Yunianto A.E.
Published: May 2022

The prevalence of hypertension in the elderly is increasing, but the use of functional food
as treatment is still limited. Bananas contain nutrients and bioactive components as a
prevention and treatment for various degenerative diseases. This study aims to determine
the effectiveness of banana juice (Musa acuminata Linn.) on blood pressure, blood sugar
levels, and low-density lipoprotein in the elderly. A quasi-experimental pre-post-test
design with two groups consisting of sixteen elderly (eight elderly were given peeled
banana juice and eight others were given unpeeled banana juice) for seven days as much
as 300 mL each morning with the composition of 100 g of banana and 200 mL of water
every day. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured using a
sphygmomanometer, while blood sugar levels and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were
measured by the spectrophotometric method. The data were analysed using dependent and
independent t-test at 95% confidence level. The results of this study showed that both
unpeeled and peeled banana juice (Musa acuminata Linn.) can reduce systolic and
diastolic blood pressure respectively (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04) and (p = 0.00 and p = 0.00).
However, the treatments were not significantly in terms of the blood sugar levels (p = 0.19
and p = 0.59), and the LDL levels (p = 0.58 and p = 0.09). Consuming banana juice (Musa
acuminata Linn.) is effective in lowering blood pressure in the elderly, to prevent
degenerative diseases.
Development and quality evaluation of jelly coated cassava tapai as a cocktail
product
Authors: Banin M.M. , Azizah A. , Jusni  , Farahdina R. , Candra K.P. , Saragih B. , Yuliani
Published: May 2022

The design process of cassava tapai products into cocktail products by heating with the
high-temperature short-time method can extend the tapai’s shelf life. But this treatment
cannot improve the brittle texture to a consistent solid to meet a cocktail’s requirements.
This study aimed to design cassava tapai processed products with textures that meet the
criteria to be made into cocktail cassava tapai. The coating of jelly on the cassava tapai is
an alternative to design cocktail cassava tapai. Three kinds of jelly sources (grass jelly,
carrageenan and gelatin) were experimented on, each in a single factor experiment
arranged in separate completely randomised designs. Each treatment in each experiment
was carried out with three replications. The grass jelly coating was processed from 200-
275 g of green grass jelly leaves per 100 mL of water, while carrageenan- and gelatincoating provided by carrageenan and gelatin concentration of 0-9 and 0-2.5%,
respectively. Then selection of cassava tapai coatings then based on hedonic sensory
responses to colour, texture, and taste. The data obtained were analysed using the
Friedman test followed by the Dunn test. The treatment of the three jelly coatings affected
significantly on the sensory properties (p<0.05) of cassava cocktail tapai for the total
acceptance attribute. The grass jelly coated (200 g green grass jelly leaves per 100 mL),
carrageenan coated (2.5%) and gelatin coated (7%) cassava tapai gave the best sensory
acceptance of cocktail cassava tapai, each with a score (median) of 5, 6 and 6 (on a scale
from 1-7 to strongly dislike to very much like), respectively. Based on the mean rank data,
the 7% gelatin coated cassava tapai showed the highest hedonic response of total
acceptance (p<0.05) among the three types of jelly coatings with a mean rank value of
3.14. In comparison, the other two jelly coating ingredients showed a mean rank of 2.98
and 2.93 for 2.5% carrageenan coated cassava tapai and 200 g/100 mL grass jelly coated
cassava tapai, respectively. These results concluded that 7% gelatin coated cassava tapai is
recommended as the cocktail cassava tapai.
Comparison between Polymerase Chain Reaction and Loop Mediated
Isothermal Amplification for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus in food
Authors: Bashar Q.K. , Aziz A.Z. , Kadhim N.I.
Published: May 2022

This research aimed to compare Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Loop Mediated
Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus in food.
Staphylococcus aureus is a human pathogen due to widespread infection and being
methicillin-resistant causing bacteraemia and tissue infections. According to six distinct
sequences of the mecA and femA in S. aureus, four specific primers that were designed to
detect S. aureus using LAMP. In addition, the sensitivity of LAMP was performed and
compared with PCR. The results showed that the LAMP completed the reaction within 30
mins at 65°C. LAMP is considered a promising alternative method compared to the PCR
technique where LAMP can be used in laboratories and fields with limited resources.
Studies on the effect of methionine level on cheese colour as a solid substrate of
Monascus purpureus JK2 fermentation
Authors: Sulandari L. , Utami T. , Hidayat C. , Rahayu E.S.
Published: May 2022

Monascus purpureus, a species of red filamentous mould, has been widely used in
fermented food as a potential source of natural pigments. The pigments can be produced
by solid-state fermentation using a solid culture substrate; an example includes cheese that
provides a substantial amount of nutrients required for its growth and red pigment
synthesis. Monascus purpureus needs appropriate organic nitrogen in the form of amino
acids at a particular concentration. This study aimed to determine the effects of
methionine level on cheese colour as the solid substrate in M. purpureus fermentation.
The mould strain M. purpureus JK2 was cultivated from cheese without the addition of
methionine and added with 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1% methionine, then incubated at room
temperature (25‒30oC) for 14 days. The growth of M. purpureus JK2 in cheese as a solid
substrate was visually observed. Colour changes were distinguished quantitatively based
on the CIELAB colour characterization system. The results showed that M. purpureus
JK2 could grow and synthesize red pigments well in cheese as a substrate without the
addition of methionine, which otherwise slowly decreased (0.1, 0.3 and 5% methionine)
and inhibited the growth (1% methionine). The cheese substrate without the addition of
methionine had a similar hue angle to 0.1 and 0.3% methionine and was relatively redder
than with 0.5% methionine. However, the addition of 1% methionine did not induce
pigmentation. Furthermore, the M. purpureus JK2-fermented cheese as a substrate can be
used in cheese making development as culture products.
Is population Explosion a threat to Pakistan’s Economic Development?
Authors: Nawaz Abdul Rehman , Anwar Usama
Published: May 2022

Purpose: Population growth and its impact on economic development have been a subject of major concern among demographers, economists, and social scientists. Some believe that rapid population growth is a significant problem, while others consider it just a hoax. Previous studies have discovered the negative as well as the positive and profound impact of rapid population growth on economic development. The present study analyses population growth and its impact on economic development in the context of Pakistan.

Design/Methodology/Approach: A Descriptive Methodology is found suitable to analyze the population growth and its impact on economic development in the context of Pakistan. In this regard, 50 articles from google scholar and statistical reports from World Bank are studied. The data is taken from World Bank Indicators and presented in the form of charts.

Findings: It is found that poor family planning, high fertility, low status of women in society, and illiteracy are the main contributors to rapid population growth in Pakistan. The study concludes that rapid population growth in Pakistan contributes to higher unemployment, lower per-capita income, and depletion of natural resources.

Implications/Originality/Value: It further recommends that rapid population growth can be addressed by educating the women, contraceptive-use campaigns or community-based programs, and investing in family planning programs.
From Bowls to Arms: The Almajiri School System and the Challenges of Internal Security in Niger State, Nigeria.
Authors: Ibn-Mohammed Isah , Suleiman Aminu Kandi , Eikojonwa Otaida
Published: May 2022

Background:  insecurity has become a watchword in humanities; social sciences and a societal problem that has led to the destruction of human lives and acquired property worth millions of dollars. Historically, periarticular in pre-colonial Nigeria, practical modalities were put in place and monitored the welfare of the Almajiri children. Unfortunately, this beautiful system was later shortened by western colonialism. The paper x-rayed the nexus between Almajiri and internal security in Niger State, Nigeria.

Objective: The paper x-rayed the nexus between Almajiri and internal security in Niger State, Nigeria.

Method: The paper used a survey design in which data were gathered through personal observations by the authors and also the use of an in-depth interview of selected respondents.

Findings: The study discovered that the cultural practice in which parents especially from the countryside send their children at a very tender age to the cities under the Almajiri school system paves way for the concentration of a large youth cohort with a strong sense of identity in those cities, in which factors such as unfavorable economic, poverty and political atmosphere combines with the prevailing cultural resistance against western education and value system to facilitate the process of radicalizing these youths.

Implications/Originality/Value: the study argued that it is important for the Nigerian state to come up with a policy for compulsory and free primary and secondary school for all the Almajirai and not in separate schools as it is at present being practiced but in an inclusive one.
Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on quality of life in a literate population in Pakistan
Authors: Shahid Erum , Taqi Uzma , Fasih Uzma
Published: May 2022

Background: Early in the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan, complete lockdown was imposed from 24 March 2020: offices, shopping malls, market places, etc. were affected. On 25 March, further restrictions were imposed: hospital outpatient departments were closed and there was a ban on public and private gatherings. The lockdown significantly slowed down economic activities, and halted recreational, educational and religious activities and social gatherings. Aims: To assess the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the quality of life of literate individuals in Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted from 25 April to 15 May, 2020 among literate Pakistani who understand the English language, aged 10+ years and had internet access. We selected 500 individuals to complete the McGill questionnaire online. Results: The response rate was 73% (n = 365): 49% males and 51% females. Around one third reported a moderate effect on overall quality of life. Financial life was moderately affected in 45% and both physical life and emotional life in 43% of participants. Spiritual life was excellent in 69%. However, social life was severely affected in 56%. Mild depression was felt by 47% of respondents and 48% felt strongly supported during the COVID-19 lockdown. Conclusion: The COVID-19 lockdown made little difference to the quality of life of the literate population of Pakistan. A few aspects were moderately affected and social life was badly affected. Spiritual life improved for most individuals.
Mental Models in Chemistry: Prospective Chemistry Teachers’ Mental Models of Chemical Equilibrium
Authors: Sinaga Kelly
Published: May 2022

In this study, we described research into prospective chemistry teachers' mental models for chemical equilibrium. This research aimed to describe the profile of prospective chemistry teachers' mental models of chemical equilibrium. This study was held at one university in Tangerang. The subjects in this study were 22 students. The method used is the descriptive research method, using diagnostic tests as a research instrument. The research outcome showed 59.42% for the macroscopic stage, 51.34% sub-microscopic stage, and 66.18% symbolic stage. This outcome showed the variety of the understanding of prospective chemistry teachers for every level of chemical representation but generally, the understanding at the submicroscopic level was still relatively low. The profile of the mental models at each level of representation showed varied results but on average has a higher percentage in the Phenomenon Model and the Character-Symbol Model.  The category of mental models at each level of representation mainly shows a linkage between the characteristic of the level of representation and the students’ mental model type. The result of this work point to the need of developing a learning strategy that accommodates the multiple representations. The next study also should recognize that sub-microscopic level representation is very important as this level help the students understand the scientific concept and give the correct explanation to chemical phenomena and reduce the misconception.
Critical Thinking Skills Students on Solar System Material
Authors: Kurniati Ilmi , Yuliani Yuliani , Suyono Suyono , Mahroini Zahidah
Published: May 2022

Critical thinking skills are one of the aims of the 21st century. Learning the solar system is one of the science materials that cannot be separated from critical thinking skills. Therefore, research on the students' initial critical thinking skills is essential after the pandemic. The subjects in this research were Junior High School students. Descriptive methods were used in this research. The data collection instruments used interview methods and research tests—the results of research ability critical thinking students of junior high school in the very low category. The achievement of the interpretation indicator shows a high proportion of 77%. In contrast, the lowest value is found in the analysis indicator, 55%, and the other indicator, like inference, shows 60%. The evaluation and explanation indicators have the same value of about 64%. The research implication is that there is evidence that students' critical thinking skills still need to be improved, especially in the solar system.
Development of Online Learning Media using Guided Inquiry to Improve Science Process Skills of Elementary School Students Assisted by Microsoft Office 365
Authors: Ulfayantik Siti , Jatmiko Budi , Supardi Zainul Arifin Imam
Published: May 2022

The research aims to produce a valid, practical, and effective Microsoft Office 365 guided inquiry learning tool to practice students' science process skills in elementary school. The development of this learning device uses a Four-D model. It is tested on students at Elementary School, in grade IV, class A and B using the design of one Group Pretest-Posttest design. The learning devices developed include syllabus, lesson plans, teaching materials, student worksheets, and science process skills tests with teaching materials themed light properties. Data collection uses validation, observation, and test methods—data analysis techniques using N-Gain, Paired samples t-test, and independent t-test. Science process skill results increased by an average N-Gain of more than 75% or categorized high. The data analysis techniques used to determine the improvement of science process skills are by using Paired samples t-Test that there is an increase in the scientific process skills in the grade IV Elementary School after learning activities. The independent t-test showed that the learning devices used in the sample group had a relatively similar (consistent) influence. Based on data analysis, it can be concluded that the guided inquiry model online science learning device effectively improves the science process skills of elementary school students. This study implies that Microsoft Office 365-assisted online science learning tools have the potential to be a solution and alternative to improve science process skills.
Profile of Computational Thinking Skills in Environmental Chemistry Courses for Prospective Science Teacher Students
Authors: Candrawati Emilia , Uliyandari Mellyta , Rustaman Nuryani Y. , Kaniawati Ida
Published: May 2022

Computational thinking skills are not only provided to students in computer-related courses, but also in all courses, including Environmental Chemistry courses. Environmental chemistry courses are considered important because they orient students to the achievement of scientific literacy and awareness. Therefore, optimization of learning in environmental chemistry courses also needs to be carried out to support the achievement of CPL which includes 21st-century life skills, including computational thinking skills. science teacher candidates. The research method follows 3 stages of field study, namely preparation, data collection, and data analysis. The results of the study show that the Science Education Study Program has poured CT skills into CPL, environmental chemistry lectures are still dominated by theoretical explanations by lecturers, lecturers do not understand the concept of CT, and CT skills are very important to provide students.
Comics Problem-based Learning Model Implementation to Improve Students’ Learning Outcomes on Heat and Its Transmission
Authors: Safitri Intan Dwi , Setiawan Beni , Mahdiannur Muhamad Arif
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to improve students’ learning outcomes on heat and its transmission using comics problem-based learning model as intervention program. This study used one group pretest-posttest design in the classroom natural setting. This study involved thirty-two students from 7th grade in one of Public Junior High School in the Sidoarjo Regency, East Java. Data were collected by using learning implementation observation forms, written test sheets, and students’ response questionnaire form. Based on the results of this intervention, we obtained a percentage of the lesson plans implementation 94.12% at the first meeting and 93.38% at the second meeting with very good category. The written test used pretest and posttest to measure the improvement in learning outcomes which got high normalized gain. The students’ responses toward the intervention categorized as strong and positive. The result of this study shows that the implication of the comics problem-based learning model is effective to improve the students’ learning outcomes, especially on heat and its transmission.
The Effect of Cosheet Strategy-Based on Collaborative Creativity Learning on Energy Literation Ability and Physics Learning Outcome
Authors: Astutik Sri , Maknuniyah Lu'luul
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study was to find out how the energy literacy abilities of high school students while using Cosheet Strategy based on the Collaborative Creativity (CC) learning model and to determine the effect Cosheet Strategy based on  the Collaborative Creativity (CC) learning model on physics learning outcomes in high school students. This type of research is experimental research with post-test only control group design. The study population was all students in Mumbulsari 1 Senior High School. The determination of the study sample used was cluster random sampling which was then obtained in class X Mathematics and Natural Science 3 as the experimental class and class X Mathematics and Natural Science 2 as the control class. The research instruments were observation, interviews, tests, and documentation. Analysis of research data for energy literacy skills is by using the energy literacy formula, while for physics learning outcomes use statistical tests on the SPSS application program. Based on the results of the analysis it can be said that students' energy literacy abilities while using the Cosheet Strategy based on Collaborative Creativity (CC) learning model are good, and the Cosheet Strategy based on Collaborative Creativity (CC) model has a significant effect on physics learning outcomes in high school students.
Effectiveness of OCCIE Learning Model to Improve Science Process Skills of Senior High School Students
Authors: Marjuki Marjuki
Published: May 2022

The research aims to analyze the effectiveness of the OCCIE learning model to improve the science process skills of high school students in learning chemistry. The OCCIE learning model has 5 phases, namely: Orientation, Construct, Communicate, Improve, and Evaluate which are specifically designed to improve science process skills. Methods of data collection using tests. The scientific process skills assessment instrument was valid and reliable. The main results show that the OCCIE learning model is proven to be effective in improving science process skills in learning chemistry in high school. In addition, there was a significant and consistent increase in the science process skills of Senior High School students in chemistry learning. The implications of the results of this study indicate that this model deserves to be used as an alternative model for Senior High School students' science process skills in chemistry learning in Indonesia. Further research can be focused on: (1) Teachers must prepare and ensure tools and materials can be used for experimental activities in the laboratory; (2) The time allocation must be adjusted to the characteristics of the material and students for those who are using the OCCIE Learning Model for the first time; (3) The group must have been determined by the teacher before learning using the OCCIE Learning Model so that the time allocation is more effective.
Evaluation of the matrix effect in the gas chromatographic determination of methanol in alcohol products
Authors: Charapitsa S. V. , Sytova S. N. , Kavalenka A. N. , Sobolenko L. N. , Zajats M. F. , Egorov V. V. , Leschev S. M. , Vetokhin S. S. , Zajats N. I.
Published: May 2022

The effect of matrix components on the results of gas chromatographic determination of methanol in samples of alcoholic and alcohol-containing products was studied using a modified internal standard method for quantitative calculations. Ethanol, which is the main component of alcoholic products was used as an internal standard. The matrix effect can be attributed to the presence of ethanol in various contents, and volatile and non-volatile impurity components characteristic of different kinds of drinks. The matrix effect was evaluated by the spike test in the study of 24 samples of alcoholic and alcohol-containing products with a volume fraction of ethanol from 6.5 to 96.6%. All samples were subjected to distillation: the initial samples and distillates were analyzed at a low sugar content; whereas at a high sugar content, only distillates were analyzed. It is shown that the effect of matrix components on the results of the determination of methanol by the proposed method is statistically insignificant. The developed method is characterized by lower financial, material, labor and time costs compared to the current technical regulatory legal acts of the EAEU, China, India, the EU, USA and Mexico. Validation of the method can be performed on the basis of data regularly obtained by the laboratory during routine study of alcoholic products, without using any additional reagents, equipment and additional measurements. Moreover, the method has good prospects for standardization at the interstate and international levels, i.e., in the framework of the activities of the Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (EASC) and the authoritative International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV).
Sorption-photometric definition of thorium (IV) in clays
Authors: Bahmanova F. N.
Published: May 2022

A simple and selective method for sorption-photometric determination of thorium (IV) micro amounts in clay using a new chelating sorbent, a copolymer of maleic anhydride with styrene modified with N1,N1,N2-triphenylguanidine, is proposed. The sorbent is white substance, insoluble in water, acids, weak alkalis and organic solvents. Sorbents were first ground in an agate mortar and sieved through a sieve (0.14 mm). The effect of pH of the medium, the ionic strength of the solution, contact time of the phases, concentration of thorium (IV) in the solution and on the sorption was studied under static conditions. Thorium concentration was determined by the photometric method using 2,2’,3,4-tetrahydroxy-3’-sulfo-5’-chloro-benzene. The concentration of thorium (IV) was calculated using a calibration curve, the results were processed statistically. The full static sorption capacity of the resulting sorbent on K+ion was 13 mmol/g. An emphasis was also made on the study of the effect of the kinetic properties of sorbents on the sorption process. The maximum degree of thorium extraction by the sorbent was achieved from the solutions with pH 4. The time dependence of sorption was also studied. The results of the study showed that the sorption equilibrium is achieved after 2.5 h of contact of the sorbent with the metal. The sorption of thorium increases with an increase in the thorium concentration in the solution and attains maximum at a concentration of 8 × 10–3M (pH 4, = 8 × 10–3M,Vgen= 20 ml,mabsorbed= 0.05 g, sorption capacity = 348 mg/g). The degree of thorium (IV) extraction in optimal conditions exceeds 95%. It is shown that the main micro- and macro-components of clay do not affect the results of the determination of thorium. The developed technique was applied to determine thorium in a clay sample from the Shemakhi region of Azerbaijan. The correctness of the obtained results was confirmed by the spike test.