bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Etiology and Correlates of Alcohol Use and Misuse in Early Midlife
Authors: Lumpe Erin Marie , Pascale Angela , Stephenson Mallory , Barr Peter , Cooke Megan , Latvala Antti , Maes Hermine H M J L , Aaltonen Sari , Piirtola Maarit , Viken Richard , Rose Richard J. , Sipilä Pyry , Keski-Rahkonen Anna , Vuoksimaa Eero , Kaprio Jaakko , Dick Danielle , Salvatore Jessica E
Published: February 2024

Background: Early midlife individuals (ages 30-40) experience demographic shifts that may influence the remainder of adult life. Although new or persistent alcohol misuse is common during this period, early midlife is understudied in alcohol use literature. We examined the heritability of alcohol misuse; the associations between alcohol misuse and sociodemographic factors, physical health, and well-being; and whether these associations were robust in co-twin comparisons.Methods: Participants were 1,446 paired and 748 non-paired Finnish twins with Mage=34 years. The alcohol misuse index was a composite measure of frequency of use, intoxication, heavy episodic drinking, and alcohol problems assessed with the Malmö-modified Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test and the Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index. Early midlife correlates included relationship status and length, family formation, unemployment status, education level, self-rated health, pain, sleeping difficulties, life satisfaction, psychological health, and other substance use. We employed a sex-limitation model to estimate early midlife heritability. Linear and fixed effects regression models were used for individual and co-twin comparison analyses, respectively.Results: Additive genetic (A) and unique environmental (E) components of alcohol misuse variance differed across sex (Females: A=62%, E=38%; Males: A=49%, E=51%). In individual-based analyses, higher scores on the alcohol misuse index were associated with lower relationship stability, financial situation, education level, self-rated health, physical fitness, life satisfaction, and psychological health, and higher self-reported pain, sleep difficulties, unemployment rates, and other substance use (R2 = 0.008 – 0.12). Associations remained significant in co-twin comparison analyses (R2 = 0.004 – 0.10) except for financial situation and education level.Conclusions: There is evidence of sex differences in the etiological factors that influence early midlife drinking. After controlling for confounding familial factors, associations between alcohol misuse and poorer early midlife functioning largely remained, suggesting that alcohol misuse may play a role in poorer functioning across several outcomes.
V-FRAMER: Visualization Framework for Mitigating Reasoning Errors in Public Policy
Authors: Ge Lily , Easterday Matthew , Kay Matthew , Dimara Evanthia , Cheng Peter , Franconeri Steven
Published: February 2024

Existing data visualization design guidelines focus primarily on constructing grammatically-correct visualizations that faithfully convey the values and relationships in the underlying data. However, a designer may create a grammatically-correct visualization that still leaves audiences susceptible to reasoning misleaders, e.g. by failing to normalize data or using unrepresentative samples. Reasoning misleaders are especially pernicious when presenting public policy data, where data-driven decisions can affect public health, safety, and economic development. Through textual analysis, a formative evaluation, and iterative design with 19 policy communicators, we construct an actionable visualization design framework, V-FRAMER, that effectively synthesizes ways of mitigating reasoning misleaders. We discuss important design considerations for frameworks like V-FRAMER, including using concrete examples to help designers understand reasoning misleaders, and using a hierarchical structure to support example-based accessing. We further describe V-FRAMER's congruence with current practice and how practitioners might integrate the framework into their existing workflows. Related materials available at: https://osf.io/q3uta/.
Deciphering the role of evapotranspiration in declining relative humidity trends over land
Authors: Kim Yeonuk , Johnson Mark
Published: February 2024

In recent decades, relative humidity (RH) over land has declined, driving increases in droughts and wildfires. Previous explanations attribute this trend to insufficient moisture advection from the ocean to sustain RH over land, but this ignores atmospheric moisture supplied from terrestrial evapotranspiration (E). While state-of-the-art climate models underestimate this RH trend, the reason behind this discrepancy remains unclear. Here, we decipher the influence of E on near-surface humidity using observations, reanalysis, and climate simulations. Global E in reanalysis has remained fairly steady in recent decades. Consequently, changes in ocean advection can reproduce observed RH declines without considering changes in E. Conversely, climate simulations estimate significant increases in E in recent decades, leading to model-based underestimation of observed RH declines. These findings suggest E intensifications may be overestimated in current climate models, thus underestimating coupled land-atmosphere drying in model output. We also highlight an upper limit of E change under observed RH trends, which could help benchmark global E trend analyses.
Beyond the Positivity Bias: The Processing and Integration of Self-relevant Feedback is Driven by its Alignment with Pre-Existing Self-Views
Authors: Garcia Josue , Friedrich Solenn , Wu Xiongbo , Vega David Cucurell , Fuentemilla Lluís
Published: February 2024

Our self-concept is constantly faced with self-relevant information. Prevailing research suggests that information’s valence plays a central role in shaping our self-views. However, the need for stability within the self-concept structure and the inherent alignment of positive feedback with the pre-existing self-views of healthy individuals might mask valence and congruence effects. In this study (N = 30, undergraduates) we orthogonalized feedback valence and self-congruence effects to examine the behavioral and electrophysiological signatures of self-relevant feedback processing and self-concept updating. We found that participants had a preference for integrating self-congruent and dismissing self-incongruent feedback, regardless of its valence. Consistently, EEG results revealed that feedback congruence, but not feedback valence, is swiftly detected during early processing stages. Our findings diverge from the accepted notion that self-concept updating is based on the selective incorporation of positive information. These findings offer novel insights into self-concept dynamics, with implications for the understanding of psychopathological conditions.
Attentional Control Data Collection: A Resource for Efficient Data Reuse
Authors: Haaf Julia M. , Hoffstadt Madlen , Lesche Sven
Published: February 2024

Publicly available data are required 1. to assess the reproducibility of each individual finding in the literature, and 2. to promote the reuse of data for a more efficient use of participants' time and public resources. Current data sharing efforts are well suited for the first goal; yet, they do not sufficiently address the second goal. Here, we show how structured collections of open data can be useful as they allow a larger community of researchers easy access to a large body of data from their own research area. We introduce the Attentional Control Data Collection, an SQL data base for attentional control experiments. We illustrate the structure of the data base, how it can be easily accessed using a shiny app and an R-package, and how researchers can contribute data from their studies to the data base. Finally, we conduct our own initial analysis of the 64 data sets in our data base, assessing the reliability of individual differences. The analysis highlights that reliability is generally low, and provides insights into planning future studies. For example researchers should consider to increase the number of trials per person and condition to at least 400. The analysis highlights how an open data base like ACDC can aid meta-analytic efforts as well as methodological innovation.
Losing Loved Ones Too Soon and Too Much: Measuring Racial Disparities in Lifetime Loss Burden
Authors: Chang Michelle , Robles Theodore Francisco
Published: February 2024

Though racial disparities in shortened life expectancy have been well-established, racial disparities in the burden of grief after such premature deaths are severely understudied. This is, in part, due to a lack of measurement tools for characterizing lifetime exposure to loss. We propose three novel indices as the first to simultaneously measure premature and cumulative lifetime loss—two typically unmeasured dimensions of loss. Using a nationally representative longitudinal U.S. sample of 27,986 participants from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS, 1992 to 2020) who experienced at least one lifetime loss, we assessed racial disparities in exposure to earlier and repeated loss of family members over the lifespan. Hierarchical linear models accounting for participants nested within households showed that Black participants and Native American participants had higher premature and cumulative lifetime loss burden than White participants across all three indices. These effects consistently remained after sensitivity analyses controlling for sociodemographic variables such as parental education, household size, and birth cohort. Secondly, we provided initial construct validity evidence of our three indices by demonstrating their distinguishability from other measures of lifetime stressors and current, chronic stressors, presenting a case for attending to lifetime exposure to grief as a unique stressor. Together, our work leverages prospective, longitudinal methodologies to identify racial disparities in exposure to premature and cumulative death. The proposed novel measurement approach has future applications for understanding how loss exposure—both “too soon” and “too much”—predicts poor health.
Bridging the Gap: Virtual Reality as a Tool for De-escalation Training in Disability Support Settings
Authors: Hsu Ryan , McCabe Connor , Ellison Caroline , Howells Mark , Loetscher Tobias
Published: February 2024

Managing complex behaviors in disability support settings requires competent de-escalation skills. However, current training methods often lack sufficient opportunities for realistic practice. This study details a three-phase development and evaluation of a virtual reality (VR) application for disability support staff to safely build de-escalation skills through simulated interactions. The first phase involved creating VR prototype scenarios depicting escalations with teen clients. Next, content validation by 12 disability-support experts refined the scenarios to confirm appropriateness and realism. Finally, a pilot study tested the tool’s usability and examined initial construct validity in 20 participants. The prototype achieved high usability ratings (average 81.0 (SD 10.7) on the System Usability Scale), and a positive correlation between VR performance and empathy levels were found (Pearson’s r = 0.487, p = 0.035). The promising results highlight the VR application’s potential as a transformative training tool. Future research should expand scenario diversity and compare VR with traditional methods to establish its efficacy in diverse settings and offer a path to enhance staff capabilities in challenging environments.
Decreased working memory capacity in the chronic phase of mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Fox Amaya , Filmer Hannah , Dux Paul Edmund
Published: February 2024

Despite increasing recognition of the significance of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), our knowledge of the long-term cognitive impacts of the injury remains incomplete. Currently, the chronic mTBI literature conveys conflicting findings, likely in large part due to the use of measures that lack sensitivity to detect subtle cognitive changes and failures to consider individual differences in cognitive outcomes post mTBI. In addition, while it is well documented that a significant number of injuries go unreported, studies investigating individuals with a history of mTBI that capture these unreported injuries are lacking in comparison to those using hospital-based samples. In this preregistered study, we used a range of complex behavioural tasks to investigate cognitive performance in a large sample of individuals with self-reported history of mTBI (n=82) and a control group (n=88). We also explored whether individual differences in injury-related factors predict cognitive performance in the mTBI group. The findings revealed poorer verbal working memory performance in mTBI participants compared to controls. No group differences were observed on tasks assessing visual working memory, multitasking ability, cognitive flexibility, attentional control, visuospatial ability, or information processing speed. Furthermore, the individual differences analyses suggest that age at injury may be an important predictor of working memory performance in both verbal and visual domains following mTBI. Together, these findings indicate that mTBI may have lasting impacts on verbal working memory capacity and that injury-related factors, such as age when the injury occurred, may be crucial to consider when assessing cognitive outcome in individuals with a history of mTBI.
Emotions and Pro-Environmental Action – Common Misconceptions
Authors: Landmann Helen
Published: February 2024

Pro-environmental action is a multifaceted concept that includes saving energy, avoiding waste or protesting for climate protection (Barbett & Landmann, 2023). Emotions are one of the strongest predictors for these behaviors (Brosch, 2021). In my research on emotions and pro-environmental action, I have come across common assumptions about emotions and pro-environmental action that appear to be misconceptions when compared to the accumulating evidence from emotion research and pro-environmental psychology. I will describe these misconceptions and suggest implications for research and practice.
Pre-retirement work disengagement? Examining associations of job and leisure satisfaction with life satisfaction up to retirement
Authors: Henning Georg , Muniz-Terrera Graciela , Stenling Andreas , Potter Sophie , Hyde Martin
Published: February 2024

A satisfying job is important for workers across their work lifespan. However, before workers retire, it is often assumed that they start to become less attached to their workplace and focus on other life areas instead. This supposed disengagement process, however, is not well understood. To date, few studies have examined whether the importance that an individual attaches to their job changes as they approach retirement. Likewise, it is not known which life areas become more important in anticipation of retirement. In the present study, we used longitudinal data from the German Socioeconomic Panel Study (n = 2,866) to investigate if the within-person associations between job and life satisfaction and between leisure and life satisfaction change in the ten years preceding retirement. We found that in this sample, job satisfaction was positively associated with life satisfaction at the between- and within-person level, but the within-person association weakened as workers approached retirement. The within-person association between leisure and life satisfaction was also positive across time, but did not change significantly on the lead up to retirement. We discuss these findings in the context of work disengagement and self-regulation theories and highlight the importance of taking the very last years of the work life into account when studying older workers or retirement adjustment.
Measuring social constructions? On the meaningful difference between indexing and measurement
Authors: Silan Miguel Alejandro A. , Oude Maatman Freek
Published: February 2024

Many psychological constructs of interest are fuzzy, and are ultimately social constructions. However, how social constructions relate to measurement models - how they should be meas-ured, and if they’re measurable in the first place - is a big open question in the philosophy of psychometrics. In this article, we propose a meaningful distinction between measurement and indexing by discussing the role of causality versus constitutive relations. We also discuss how social constructions can be handled, and tackle other issues in ontology and causality.
Four ontological challenges to constructs in psychology
Authors: Wang Nan , Grüning David Joachim , van der Burght Constantijn L , Fried Eiko I , Steele James , Columbus Simon , Chuan-Peng Hu
Published: February 2024

All areas of psychology deal with constructs in one way or another. The use of psychological constructs presents four distinct challenges that are central to address: describing, defining, deploying, and distinguishing constructs. Refining a psychological construct refers to an iterative process of dealing with these challenges.
Maths motivation predicts STEM career choice in young adults better than maths anxiety
Authors: Ferdinand Rebecca , Malanchini Margherita , Rimfeld Kaili
Published: February 2024

As the UK experiences a widening skills gap in Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths (STEM) fields, understanding the psychological underpinnings of STEM career choices is increasingly critical. Here, we examined the joint role of maths anxiety (MA) and maths motivation (MM; self-efficacy and interest in maths) on STEM career choice in emerging adulthood using self-reported data from 7,908 Twins Early Development Study participants collected at ages ~16 (MM), ~18 (MA) and ~21 (STEM career choice). We found that MA and MM were associated with STEM career choice (r=-0.23 and r=0.28, respectively). However, MM was a stronger independent predictor for STEM career choice (OR=2.11) than MA (OR=0.79), which did not predict STEM career choice after adjusting for maths achievement. Notably, MM was predictive of STEM career choices in both male (OR=1.95) and female (OR=2.72) cohorts, while MA showed a predictive relationship only in the male cohort (OR=0.63). These results highlight the importance of nurturing maths motivation in interventions designed to bridge the STEM skills gap for all genders. Future research should consider the co-development of maths anxiety and maths motivation across development to better understand their influence on STEM career paths.
Phenotyping in clinical laterality research: a comparison of commonly used methods to determine mixed-handedness and ambidexterity
Authors: Mundorf Annakarina , Getzmann Stephan , Gajewski Patrick D. , Larra Mauro , Wascher Edmund , Genç Erhan , Ocklenburg Sebastian
Published: February 2024

An increased prevalence of mixed-handedness has been reported in several neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Unfortunately, there is high between-study variability in the definition of mixed-handedness, leading to a major methodological problem in clinical laterality research and endangering replicability and comparability of research findings. Adding to this challenge is the fact that sometimes researchers use the concepts of mixed-handedness and ambidexterity interchangeably. Therefore, having a consensus on how to determine mixed-handedness and how to distinguish it from ambidexterity is crucial for clinical laterality research. To this end, hand preference and hand performance data from more than 600 participants from the Dortmund Vital Study (Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05155397), a population-based study in Germany, was analyzed to ascertain an optimal classification to determine mixed-handedness and ambidexterity. Using a combination of latent class analyses, effect size determination, and comparisons with the existing literature, we establish that an LQ cut-off criterion of +/-60 for mixed-handedness is optimal for future clinical laterality studies. Moreover, we show that mixed-handedness and ambidexterity are not identical and that the terms should not be used interchangeably. We further highlight the need for a consensus on how to mathematically determine ambidexterity as results of existing categorization schemes largely differ.
Triple Definition or Explanation of Consciousness
Authors: Zhang Xinyan
Published: February 2024

The author argues that consciousness may never be defined or explained with entities or their properties. Instead, the author proposes a system with matter, energy, and lives as its components, and with all its components defined as changes. Based on the relationships among these three components, a triple definition or explanation of consciousness is reached:•Ontologically, consciousness is universal, since it is the distinction between matter and energy. •Epistemologically, consciousness is unique, since it is the energy formalized, qualified, or diversified by the matter.•Semantically, consciousness is a meaningless language with lives as its only meaning. In other words, only lives are, but consciousness is not, the cause or effect of mental activities. It is, therefore, deducible that a non-biological machine can be both intelligent and conscious, and may even have a mind of its own.
Comparing the physical and mental effects of using Movement Breaks or Physically Active Learning within Curriculum Time: A Multi-School Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Hill Liam , Boom Shania , Bingham Daniel , Daly-Smith Andy , Llewellyn Bryn , Davison Jessica
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE: Physically Active learning (PAL) and Movement Breaks (MBs) are popular methods for encouraging increased Physical Activity (PA) within curriculum time. Both have also been claimed to enhance pupil’s cognitive and academic performances. However, existing research evidence is inconsistent in finding support for such claims and there are no studies directly comparing the two methods. Consequently, this study investigated the acute effects of lessons taught using PAL or incorporating MBs on pupil’s Cognitive and Academic Performances (AP) and PA Levels. METHOD: 355 children (aged 8-10 years) from three schools in Northern England participated in a cluster-randomised trial. Classes of pupils were assigned to participate in one of the three types of, 45 min long, mathematics lesson (Lesson-type: PAL, MB or Traditional). Physical activity during lessons was measured using accelerometery and pre- and post-lesson participants completed a battery of standardised assessments assessing of their Maths Fluency (measure of AP) and Cognitive (Attentional) Control. RESULTS: Compared to Traditional (sedentary) lessons, PAL and MB lessons were associated with pupils being significantly more Moderately to Vigorously Physically Active during lesson time (95% CI: +9.86 to 11.06 min). PAL lessons also reduced time spent sedentary by a significantly larger margin than lessons incorporating a MB (95% CI: -16.60 to 21.70 min). However, variation over time in Maths Fluency and Attentional Control measures were not significantly moderated by Lesson-Type, with Bayes Factors indicating evidence in favour of null hypothesis (All Time X Lesson-Type interactions had a BF10 ranging from 0.29 to 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Both PAL and MBs effectively increase student’s PA levels during curriculum time. These benefits do not come at the expense of academic or cognitive performances but neither do these outcomes appear acutely enhanced.
(Im)Possibility of Translating Prosody in Classical Arabic Poetry: Muallaqat as a Case Study
Authors: Jabri Shatha Al
Published: February 2024

The translation of poetry has always been an issue for literary translators. They are of two prominent opinions: those who advocate rendering poetry into poetry while considering all prosodic elements, such as meter, and rhyme. The other group, however, is concerned with translating sense without considering prosody, particularly rhyme, meter, or foot, mainly when the translator’s competence and experience are not that advanced. This article investigates the translation of a selection of Muallaqat in The Muallaqat for Millennials (2020) into English to determine whether the translations retained the sound features in the target text (TT). It differs from other studies as it focuses on the form rather than the content since Muallaqat is regarded as one of the glorious productions of classical Arabic poetry with a unique form and particular prosodic features: rhyme and meter. The article concluded that the translations failed to capture the prosodic features of the original as they were barely concerned with conveying the meaning literally into the Target language (TT). In other words, the translations reflected the meaning as translators primarily relied on literal translation and free verse to convey the meaning. However, it is crucial to prioritize the prosodic features, especially the sounds, when translating Muallaqat. Therefore, new strategies must be developed to capture the auditory essence of the original work in the target language.
An Overview Concerning the Monologue and Stand-up Comedy
Authors: Aladhami Noorulhuda Adnan
Published: February 2024

A theatrical production is usually seen as a blending of acting, dancing, singing, and spoken conversation, known as musical theatre. Furthermore, a musical’s storyline and emotional elements, which include humour, sorrow, love, and wrath, are communicated through words, music, dance, and technical aspects of the performance. This paper explores the similarities and differences between two dramatic performances: stand-up comedy and monologue. The significance of this paper is to examine the gap in dramaturgical history to link between different forms of performances concerning the past and the present time, such as the link between stand-up comedy and a monologue. The quest has provided a vibrant resemblance to say that stand-up comedy is a natural evolution of a monologue presented with modern styles and ideas. The performer, whether a comedian or monologist, is mostly perceived to express a performer’s thoughts clearly, though occasionally directly addressing another character or spectators. The show in both performances requires a rhetorical act, where a crowd interface is used as part of their set or practice. Finally, a solo performer can be called a monologist or stand-up comedian, whether found on stage, television, or written verse, who presents their art to entertain or deliver a definite message to an active or passive spectator. The content usually takes the shape of a song or sarcastic speech that may start with a personal memory of the presenter, considered a public or common issue in society.
The Political Benefits of the Monoculture: Estimating the Electoral Effect of the Market Facilitation Program
Authors: Gulotty Robert , Strezhnev Anton
Published: February 2024

We analyze the effect of federal cash transfers on incumbent electoral support. The 2019 Market Facilitation Program set per-county payment rates for field crop producers via a novel formula. We leverage an exogenous component of the formula driven by historical crop-level trade volatility to identify the effect of excessive subsidies on the 2020 Presidential election. Our design-based randomization inference strategy allows us to construct valid statistical tests in the presence of complex cross-county dependencies. Instrumenting for 2019 MFP disbursements, we find each additional \$10 million in payments increased county 2020 two-party Republican vote share by about 1.8 percentage points.
The Hierarchy of Dogs and Men: Satire in Mamdouh ʿUdwan’s Drama
Authors: Zahrawi Samar
Published: February 2024

This paper will study the satirical representation of the human condition under poverty and political oppression in Syria. People are sardonically presented as inferior to animals in four plays by the Syrian dramatist Mamdouh ʿUdwan: The Feudal Lord’s Dog, The Bitten Bitch, and The Ambassador’s Dog. With the knowledge of the pejorative connotations the Arabic language associates with the term “dog”, these plays can be considered as a poignant mockery of the situation in ʿUdwan’s world 1941-2004 and a prophetic extrapolation of the present abyss. Through textual analysis, this study will delineate people’s servility and the loss of integrity under local political oppression as communicated in the ironical mix-up between the death of the dog and that of the lord in The Feudal Lord’s Dog The sarcastic presentation of a pampered female dog publishing a newspaper column complaining of lack of emotional and sexual fulfillment contrasts wittily with the inadequacy of basic human rights afforded to the journalist, in The Bitten Bitch. Lastly, The Ambassador’s Dog cynically reverses the human-animal hierarchy, as it celebrates the superior quality of life enjoyed by dogs in an unnamed superpower country. The value of human life in Syria has plummeted to the extent that the dog sitter is happy to sacrifice his life to save a dog. This article will evaluate ʿUdwan’s satire of the status quo in his country and investigate whether it is a genuine means of communication to circumvent censorship, or alternatively, it is only a form of licensed criticism used as a valve of pseudo-freedom approved by an authoritarian government
Rectifying the Image of Arabs in the World: The Necessity of Translation in The Great Satirist by AmjadTawfiq
Authors: Ismail Ismail Abdulwahhab
Published: February 2024

This study delves into the profound impact of Iraqi novelist Amjad Tawfiq’s groundbreaking work, The Great Satirist, on illuminating the intricate tapestry of Arab and Iraqi societies. Spanning historical epochs to contemporary times characterized by the ominous presence of extremist groups in Mosul and the broader Middle East, the novel serves as a poignant window into the heart and soul of these regions. Employing a meticulous stylistic-thematic analysis, this paper aspires to pave the way for an authentic translation of the novel, primarily into English, to broaden its reach to a Western audience. By preserving the rich tapestry of human experiences and nurturing a profound sense of national identity, this translation seeks to be a catalyst for peaceful coexistence and mutual comprehension among diverse ethnicities within the Arab world. As the study culminates, it underscores the pivotal role of Arabic literary works in the documentation of historical events and their unique capacity to advocate for a sense of belonging and unity within societies. In an increasingly interconnected world, the transcendent power of literature to bridge cultural divides and foster an appreciation of shared humanity becomes more pronounced, highlighting the importance of endeavors such as this in promoting global harmony and understanding.
Maintaining Multilingualism in a Multi Culture Country: The Case of Indonesia
Authors: Muth’im Abdul , Sutiono Cayandrawati
Published: February 2024

This article aims to describe how Indonesia, as a country of multilingualism or multi-languages maintains the languages in the country. Since Indonesia is a multilingual country, it must also be a multicultural country. As a rule, cultures are usually developed through languages, and the development of languages is influenced by cultures. The relationship of cultures and languages are reciprocal. However, in some cases, the differences in language may result in disharmony in the community. Praise to God the Almighty, until recently, Indonesia can maintain this multilingual status in addition to its multi-cultural situation. Bahasa Indonesia goes along with local languages harmoniously. This phenomenon may invite the following question: “How can Indonesia, as a multilingual country, maintain the languages among a multi-cultural community?” This article attempts to explore and discuss this issue.
Translator–Author Encounters: Two Cases of Translating from Arabic
Authors: Alghamedi Najia Abdulkareem
Published: February 2024

The relationship between translators and authors in literary translation is an area that needs further inquiry. Specifically, it is essential to understand how the relationship between authors and translators influences translators’ status and, consequently, the recognition translators are granted. The objective of this study was to expand knowledge on literary translation by examining two cases of translation of Arabic novels to English. The research questions under investigation sought to understand a) the links between selected translation strategies and professional or personal histories and b) the impact of the background of translators on their collaboration with authors and, consequently, on their roles and status. A case study methodology was used to examine the translation of two Arabic novels, Sidi Wahdana and Banat AlRiyadh. Drawing on the sociology of translation, encounters between translators and authors and the impact of such encounters on the recognition attributed to the translators were examined. The findings revealed in the translation of Sidi Wahdana; the author, Alem, works closely with the translator, McDonough, to produce the English translation. Thus, McDonough became Alem’s co-author. In the translation of Banat AlRiyadh (Girls of Riyad) Alsanea, the author takes over the translation process and reshapes the English version. Thus, Alsanea becomes the first translator, and Booth is demoted to a co-translator. It is concluded that relations between an author and a translator can become complex, and translators may not get the recognition expected in an ideal situation.
The Epiphany Liturgy at Pistoia as an Expression of Episcopal Authority
Authors: Maiello James V.
Published: February 2024

The plainchant repertory preserved in the twelfth-century choir books of the cathedral of San Zeno in Pistoia reflects both the regional importance of the institution during the central medieval period and its robust musical culture. Among the many items of interest to scholars, the High Mass for Epiphany in particular stands out for its extensive and idiosyncratic accretions. This liturgy merits close study for what it can tell us about chant transmission, trope composition, and other phenomena, but I will focus in this essay on its potential for use as an expression of episcopal authority in the cultural milieu of medieval Tuscany. Examining the Epiphany liturgy at San Zeno through the lens of the Investiture Controversy and the early communal period in Italy, I will characterize the High Mass as an expression of episcopal authority and as a symbol of independence from imperial and communal control. Drawing on a variety of methodological models, I argue that the bishop and the cathedral chapter used the theological themes associated with Epiphany in concert with the spectacle of such an important High Mass as performed in medieval Tuscany to craft a hermeneutic program that emphasized the dual authority—spiritual and temporal—of the bishop and set him in opposition to the Holy Roman emperor using an allegory of Christ and Herod.
“Angry as a pissemyre”: Churlish Anger in Chaucer’s The Summoner’s Tale
Authors: Cels Marc B.
Published: February 2024

Although The Summoner’s Tale currently tends to be read as anti-fraternal satire that gives the last laugh to aristocratic characters, this study argues that Geoffrey Chaucer (d. 1400) included another layer of irony that appealed to members of his own social station serving as courtiers to England’s volatile aristocracy. Guided by the study of medieval obscene comedy, it is attentive to how lower-status characters express criticism of the social order and power relationships between other social stations. This study reconsiders the anger of Thomas the “churl” as a model for those who must resist their superiors passive aggressively and dissemble their anger. Thomas is characterized with anti-peasant stereotypes, including animal metaphors, that warn against provoking seemingly docile subordinates. These stereotypes reflect subordinated people’s tactics for hiding their indignation from those who deny their agency. Scholastic analysis the emotions and pastoral discourse about the vices help explain how indignation can be expressed sometimes as sadness and other times as anger. Friar John’s sermon against Wrath brings the discussion to the level of Chaucer’s peers by considering the options available to the courtiers of tyrants. Although the friar’s advice is to placate the powerful instead of correcting them, both Thomas and Jankyn know how to resist overbearing masters while appearing to give in to their unreasonable demands. Thomas’s fart is a form of scatological resistance that is on the boundary between agency and reflex. Subjects expose the folly of their superiors’ unreasonable demands by dissembling indignation and artfully concealing correction as compliance.
Heraldic Handbooks and the Discourse of Chivalric Allegory: The Case of the Eltham Challenge Letters of 1400
Authors: Wilson Emma-Catherine
Published: February 2024

This article examines a curious set of thirteen allegorical challenge letters associated with King Henry IV’s Christmastime festivities at Eltham Palace in 1400 and the five heraldic handbooks in which these letters survive. The Eltham challenge letters attest to late-medieval English heralds’ conscious engagement with myth, allegory, and chivalric literature and offer new insights on their cultural and literary ambitions. The article begins with a general account of heralds’ duties in the late Middle Ages and argues that their development of a specialized sphere of knowledge and bookishness—in other words, their written systematization of blazonry, detailed record keeping, and establishment of an institutional library—were concomitant with their growing professionalization and authority. Heralds’ bookishness also included the production of relatively consistent heraldic manuals, such as the five in which the Eltham letters survive. In each of these five witnesses, the Eltham letters are copied as part of a semi-standardized cluster of eight heraldic texts. By studying the family of manuscripts containing this cluster, it is possible to gain a sense of which texts were widely known and deemed practically or ideologically important by heralds. The article then turns to a detailed discussion of the Eltham letters themselves. An edition of the letters collating all known witnesses is offered as an Appendix . The style of the Eltham letters is overtly one of chivalric allegorical romance, a genre of medieval allegory which has rarely been studied and which reveals a great deal about heralds’ literary ambitions. This article demonstrates that heralds and their texts played an important role in the socio-literary chivalric discourse of the later Middle Ages in England.
Roman Aspects of Romanesque Architecture in England and Wales
Authors: Thurlby Malcolm
Published: February 2024

This article investigates late eleventh- and twelfth-century architecture in England and Wales from five interrelated points. First, it considers the appropriation of Roman sites for buildings of the post-1066 Norman administration. Second, it examines the creation of an architectural iconography in which there are associations with Imperial Rome. Third, there is the matter of scale, the desire to build big after many centuries of little or no tradition of constructing large edifices. Fourth, it explores the acquisition of a practical understanding of the building technology required for erecting large buildings. Fifth, it looks into the vocabulary of architectural articulation, the use of marble, and aspects of stone sculpture inherited from antiquity and appropriate to the monumentality of the new architecture. It references specific buildings, such as the Constantinian Basilica of Old St Peter’s in Rome, through the adaptation of triumphal arches down to details such as chip carving, marble, and the reuse and recreation of Roman bricks. Of the many large-scale buildings built by the Normans, a more detailed examination is devoted to the White Tower in London, castles at Colchester and Castle Rising, Winchester and Durham cathedrals, and the former abbey churches of Tewkesbury and Gloucester. It investigates the application of principles of the first-century BCE Roman architect and engineer, Vitruvius, the author of De architectura.
Holomicroscope: Transmission Electron Microscopy Meets Mixed Reality
Authors: Cantwell Patrick R. , Stanescu Joan D. , Harmer Andrea J. , Harmer Martin P. , Marvel Christopher J.
Published: February 2024

A mixed-reality application called HoloMicroscope helps microscopists make decisions and analyze data efficiently while using transmission electron microscopes. In the context of materials research, using mixed reality augments a user’s interaction by allowing them to see a TEM column and its control panels, while also interacting with three-dimensional holograms that are projected into their field of view. Introduction of mixed reality into a data-intensive research workflow could help accelerate scientific discovery. This article provides background about technology and a case study in its use.
Evaluating Biofilms on Material Surfaces: A New International Standard
Authors: Kanematsu Hideyuki , Ota Tomokatsu , Nakatsugawa Naoki , Hiranuma Susumu
Published: February 2024

A new ISO standard could help spur development of new surface treatments and innovative products that can help defend against harmful bacteria and biofilms. This article describes the successful development and adoption of a new standard, ISO 4768:2023, that addresses measurement of anti-biofilm activity on plastic and other nonporous surfaces.
The Electronics Resurgence Initiative 2.0 for U.S. Semiconductor Manufacturing
Authors: DiBattista Michael
Published: February 2024

The second Electronics Resurgence Initiative (ERI 2.0), sponsored by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) Microsystems Technology Office (MTO), is focused on driving next generation dual use microelectronics for national security and domestic needs. The initiative focuses on creating U.S. capability for three-dimensional heterogeneous integration (3DHI) manufacturing and pursuing focused research for the manufacture of complex 3D microsystems. This guest editorial describes the outcomes from a three-day summit (Seattle, Washington, August 2023) where the initiative was launched.
Four-Dimensional Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy: Part II, Crystal Orientation and Phase, Short and Medium Range Order, and Electromagnetic Fields
Authors: Johnston-Peck Aaron C. , Herzing Andrew A.
Published: February 2024

Four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) is a spatially resolved electron diffraction technique that records the electron scattering distribution at each point of the electron beam raster, thereby producing a four-dimensional dataset. This second installment of this series presents applications of 4D-STEM, including measurements of crystal orientation and phase, short- and medium-range order, and internal electromagnetic fields.
Advanced Characterization of Materials Using Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Garcia Jacob M. , Chiaramonti Ann N.
Published: February 2024

New materials integration and improved design can be promoted by using atom probe tomography (APT) as an analysis technique. This article provides an overview of APT principles and setups and provides diverse examples that focus on its use to characterize electronic devices.
Болашақ арнайы педагогтардың инклюзивті құзыреттілігін қалыптастыру
Authors: Ашимханова Г.С.
Published: February 2024

Жаһандану процесін дамытудың әлемдік тенденцияларының таралуы, әртүрлі салалардағы халықаралық аренадағы елдердің бәсекеге қабілеттілігінің артуы, әлемдегі түрлі қауымдастықтарға интеграция, мұның бәрі қазіргі жағдайда білім беру саласындағы құрылымдық өзгерістерді тудырады, бұл өз кезегінде қоғам дамуының негізгі факторларының бірі. Мақалада заманауи білім беруді дамытудың парадигмасы ретінде инклюзивті білім берудің ерекшелігі қарастырылған. Денсаулықтың шектеулі қасиеттеріне, ерекше білім беру қажеттіліктеріне және жеке кедергілерге қарамастан барлығына бірдей қол жетімді білім беруді қамтамасыз етуіміз керек. Күн өткен сайын бұл мәселеге көбірек көңіл бөлінуде, өйткені бұл әр қоғам үшін өте маңызды. Алайда, мұғалімдер үшін арнайы дағдыларды алу процесі маңызды болып қала береді, себебі олар осындай білім беру бағдарламаларына бейімделіп қана қоймай, сонымен қатар инклюзивті білім беруді енгізу бірден оң нәтиже бере бастауы үшін жетік дайын болулары керек. Бұл мәселені зерттеудің мақсаты дәстүрлі білім беру процесінің инклюзивтіден негізгі айырмашылықтарын талдау; оқытушылардың біліктілік деңгейіне қажетті талаптарды бөліп көрсету; оқытушылар оңай игеретін және болашақта олар сәтті қолданатын әдістер мен инновацияларды әзірлеу, ерекше қажеттіліктері бар жастармен әлеуметтік-педагогикалық жұмысты дамыта отырып, оқытушылардың инклюзивті құзыреттілігін қалыптастырудың байланысын қадағалау. Бұл зерттеуді жүргізу үшін ғалымдар арасында кең таралған ғылыми тәсілдер қолданылған. Атап айтсақ: функционалды-әдістемелік, формализация әдісі, логикалық, диалектикалық, салыстырмалы талдау, сонымен қатар ғылыми әдебиеттерді талдау әдісі пайдаланылды. Аталған тақырыпты зерттеудің нәтижесі оқытушылардың қажетті инклюзивті құзыреттілігін қалыптастыру үшін теориялық және практикалық негіздерді бөлу болып табылады. Жұмыс қоғамның күнделікті өміріне инклюзивті білім беруді дамытуға және интеграциялауға, жоғары нәтижелерге қол жеткізу үшін инклюзивті оқу процесін тиімді қамтамасыз ету тетігін әзірлеуге бағытталған.
Товарознавча оцінка рамбутана (Nephelium lappaceum L.)
Authors: БЕЛІНСЬКА Світлана , КАМЄНЄВА Наталія , МОРОЗ Олена
Published: February 2024

Досліджено споживні властивості тропічного фрукта рамбутана від країни-постачальника В’єтнам. Встановлено зміни органолептичних та фізико-хімічних показників якості впродовж 45 діб зберігання. Підтверджено невідповідність даних транспортного маркування щодо збереженості якості плодів рамбутана протягом зазначеного строку. Встановлено, що мінімальні зміни споживних властивостей плодів відбуваються впродовж перших 5 діб.
Stochastic analysis of structural reliability of complex engineering systems
Authors: Kurasov O. A. , Burkov P. V.
Published: February 2024

Purpose: The assessment of risks and prediction of reliability of complex engineering systems, in particular onshore gas pipelines subjected to external corrosion. Two methods are proposed using the structural reliability analysis.

Methodology: Two strategies are considered for inspection and maintenance service of hazardous production facilities.

Research findings: The model of structural reliability is proposed to estimate the metal rupture from external corrosion of the pipe section. Models are presented for its mechanical failure with respect to stochastic processes of loads and resistance.

Value: The inhomogeneous Poisson point process is used to simulate the formation of new defects, and the Poisson distribution is used to simulate their growth. The first method focuses on the analysis of external corrosion of gas pipelines with metal loss and predicts rupture at a reference pipe segment, constructed with respect to average pipe rupture characteristics from the PHMSA database. The second model predicts reliability for untreated sections subject to external corrosion with metal loss.