bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rifampicin and isoniazid drug resistance among patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis in southwestern Uganda
Authors: Micheni Lisa Nkatha , Kassaza Kennedy , Kinyi Hellen , Ntulume Ibrahim , Bazira Joel
Published: October 2021

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has become a major threat to the control of tuberculosis globally. Uganda is among the countries with a relatively high prevalence of tuberculosis despite significant control efforts. In this study, the drug resistance ofMycobacterium tuberculosisto rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) was investigated among patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis in Southwestern Uganda. A total of 283 sputum samples (266 from newly diagnosed and 17 from previously treated patients), collected between May 2018 and April 2019 at four different TB diagnostic centres, were assessed for RIF and INH resistance using high-resolution melt curve analysis. The overall prevalence of monoresistance to INH and RIF was 8.5% and 11% respectively, while the prevalence of MDR-TB was 6.7%. Bivariate analysis showed that patients aged 25 to 44 years were at a higher risk of developing MDR-TB (cOR 0.253). Furthermore, among the newly diagnosed patients, the prevalence of monoresistance to INH, RIF and MDR-TB was 8.6%, 10.2% and 6.4% respectively; while among the previously treated cases, these prevalence rates were 5.9%, 23.5% and 11.8%. These rates are higher than those reported previously indicating a rise in MTB drug resistance and may call for measures used to prevent a further rise in drug resistance. There is also a need to conduct frequent drug resistance surveys, to monitor and curtail the development and spread of drug-resistant TB.
Prevalence of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in Arabic coffee (Coffea arabica): Protective role of traditional coffee roasting, brewing and bacterial volatiles
Authors: Al Attiya Wadha , Hassan Zahoor Ul , Al-Thani Roda , Jaoua Samir
Published: October 2021

Fungal infection and synthesis of mycotoxins in coffee leads to significant economic losses. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of toxigenic fungi, their metabolites, and the effect of traditional roasting and brewing on ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxins (AFs) contents of naturally contaminated coffee samples. In addition, in vivo biocontrol assays were performed to explore the antagonistic activities of Bacillus simplex 350–3 (BS350-3) on the growth and mycotoxins synthesis of Aspergillus ochraceus and A. flavus. The relative density of A. niger, A. flavus, Penicillium verrucosum and A. carbonarius on green coffee bean was 60.82%, 7.21%, 3.09% and 1.03%, respectively. OTA contents were lowest in green coffee beans (2.15 μg/kg), followed by roasted (2.76 μg/kg) and soluble coffee (8.95 μg/kg). Likewise, AFs levels were highest in soluble coffee (90.58 μg/kg) followed by roasted (33.61 μg/kg) and green coffee (9.07 μg/kg). Roasting naturally contaminated coffee beans at three traditional methods; low, medium and high, followed by brewing resulted in reduction of 58.74% (3.50 μg/kg), 60.88% (3.72 μg/kg) and 64.70% (4.11 μg/kg) in OTA and 40.18% (34.65 μg/kg), 47.86% (41.17 μg/kg) and 62.38% (53.73 μg/kg) AFs contents, respectively. Significant inhibitions of AFs and OTA synthesis by A. flavus and A. carbonarius, respectively, on infected coffee beans were observed in presence of Bacillus simplex BS350-3 volatiles. Gas chromatography mass spectrochemistry (GC-MS/MS) analysis of head-space BS350-3 volatiles showed quinoline, benzenemethanamine and 1-Octadecene as bioactive antifungal molecules. These findings suggest that marketed coffee samples are generally contaminated with OTA and AFs, with a significant level of roasted and soluble coffee contaminated above EU permissible limits for OTA. Further, along with coffee roasting and brewing; microbial volatiles can be optimized to minimize the dietary exposure to mycotoxins.
Exploring the nasopharyngeal microbiota composition in infants with whooping cough: A test-negative case-control study
Authors: Rocafort Muntsa , Henares Desiree , Brotons Pedro , Barrabeig Irene , Launes Cristian , Merdrignac Lore , Valenciano Marta , Domínguez Angela , Godoy Pere , Muñoz-Almagro Carmen
Published: October 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to characterize the nasopharyngeal microbiota of infants with possible and confirmed pertussis compared to healthy controls.

Methods

This prospective study included all infants <1 year with microbiologically confirmed diagnosis of pertussis attended at a University Hospital over a 12-month period. For each confirmed case, up to 2 consecutive patients within the same age range and meeting the clinical case definition of pertussis but testing PCR-negative were included as possible cases. A third group of asymptomatic infants (healthy controls) were also included. Nasopharyngeal microbiota was characterized by sequencing the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Common respiratory DNA/RNA viral co-infection was tested by multiplex PCR.

Results

Twelve confirmed cases, 21 possible cases and 9 healthy controls were included. Confirmed whooping cough was primarily driven by detection of Bordetella with no other major changes on nasopharyngeal microbiota. Possible cases had limited abundance or absence of Bordetella and a distinctive microbiota with lower bacterial richness and diversity and higher rates of viral co-infection than both confirmed cases and healthy controls. Bordetella reads determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing were found in all 12 confirmed cases (100%), 3 out of the 21 possible cases (14.3%) but in any healthy control.

Conclusion

This study supports the usefulness of 16S rRNA gene sequencing for improved sensitivity on pertussis diagnosis compared to real-time PCR and to understand other microbial changes occurring in the nasopharynx in children <1 year old with suspected whooping cough compared to healthy controls.
Determinants of birthplace among middle-to lower-class women in Indonesia: A study using the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Pranata Angga Kresna , Wahyudi Andri Setiya , Handoyo Lukman , Efendi Ferry
Published: October 2021

Background

One of the factors contributing to a high maternal mortality rate is the utilization of non-healthcare facilities as a birthplace for women. This study analyzed determinants affecting birthplace in middle-to lower-class women in Indonesia.

Methods

This study analyzed the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) data. The total national sample size was 49,627 eligible women. Our sample included 11,104 women, aged 15–49, who had delivered babies and were of low-to-middle economic status. The type of survey dataset was individual record dataset. Data were analyzed with chi-square and multivariate logistic regression tests using Stata 16 software.

Results

About 64.99% middle to lower class women in Indonesia delivered in healthcare facilities. Women aged 45–49 (OR = 2.103; 95% CI = 1.13–3.93), who graduated from higher schools (OR = 2.885; 95% CI = 1.76–4.73), whose husbands had higher education (OR = 2.826; 95% CI = 1.69–4.74) and were employed (OR = 2.523; 95% CI = 1.23–5.17), who considered access to healthcare facilities was not a problem (OR = 1.528; 95% CI = 1.28–1.82), who had a single child (OR = 2.349; 95% CI = 1.97–2.80), and who lived in urban areas (OR = 2.930; 95% CI = 2.40–3.57) were determinants that significantly correlated with women giving birth in healthcare facilities.

Conclusion

This study provides insights for policymakers and healthcare centers in the community to strengthen access to healthcare services and devise health promotion strategies for pregnant mothers. Policy interventions designed for middle- to lower-class women should be implemented to support vulnerable groups.
ERBB3-dependent AKT and ERK pathways are essential for atrioventricular cushion development in mouse embryos
Authors: Kim Kyoungmi , Lee Daekee
Published: October 2021

ERBB family members and their ligands play an essential role in embryonic heart development and adult heart physiology. Among them, ERBB3 is a binding partner of ERBB2; the ERBB2/3 complex mediates downstream signaling for cell proliferation. ERBB3 has seven consensus binding sites to the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K, which activates the downstream AKT pathway, leading to the proliferation of various cells. This study generated a human ERBB3 knock-in mouse expressing a mutant ERBB3 whose seven YXXM p85 binding sites were replaced with YXXA. Erbb3 knock-in embryos exhibited lethality between E12.5 to E13.5, and showed a decrease in mesenchymal cell numbers and density in AV cushions. We determined that the proliferation of mesenchymal cells in the atrioventricular (AV) cushion in Erbb3 knock-in mutant embryos was temporarily reduced due to the decrease of AKT and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Overall, our results suggest that AKT/ERK activation by the ERBB3-dependent PI3K signaling is crucial for AV cushion morphogenesis during embryonic heart development.
Decomposing spontaneous sign language into elementary movements: A principal component analysis-based approach
Authors: Bigand Félix , Prigent Elise , Berret Bastien , Braffort Annelies
Published: October 2021

Sign Language (SL) is a continuous and complex stream of multiple body movement features. That raises the challenging issue of providing efficient computational models for the description and analysis of these movements. In the present paper, we used Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to decompose SL motion into elementary movements called principal movements (PMs). PCA was applied to the upper-body motion capture data of six different signers freely producing discourses in French Sign Language. Common PMs were extracted from the whole dataset containing all signers, while individual PMs were extracted separately from the data of individual signers. This study provides three main findings: (1) although the data were not synchronized in time across signers and discourses, the first eight common PMs contained 94.6% of the variance of the movements; (2) the number of PMs that represented 94.6% of the variance was nearly the same for individual as for common PMs; (3) the PM subspaces were highly similar across signers. These results suggest that upper-body motion in unconstrained continuous SL discourses can be described through the dynamic combination of a reduced number of elementary movements. This opens up promising perspectives toward providing efficient automatic SL processing tools based on heavy mocap datasets, in particular for automatic recognition and generation.
Mobile interventions targeting common mental disorders among pregnant and postpartum women: An equity-focused systematic review
Authors: Saad Ammar , Magwood Olivia , Aubry Tim , Alkhateeb Qasem , Hashmi Syeda Shanza , Hakim Julie , Ford Leanne , Kassam Azaad , Tugwell Peter , Pottie Kevin
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Pregnant and postpartum women face major psychological stressors that put them at higher risk of developing common mental disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Yet, their limited access to and uptake of traditional mental health care is inequitable, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mobile interventions emerged as a potential solution to this discontinued healthcare access, but more knowledge is needed about their effectiveness and impact on health equity. This equity-focused systematic review examined the effectiveness and equity impact of mobile interventions targeting common mental disorders among pregnant and postpartum women.

Methods and results

We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO and 3 other databases, from date of database inception and until January 2021, for experimental studies on mobile interventions targeting pregnant and postpartum women. We used pooled and narrative synthesis methods to analyze effectiveness and equity data, critically appraised the methodological rigour of included studies using Cochrane tools, and assessed the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach. Our search identified 6148 records, of which 18 randomized and non-randomized controlled trials were included. Mobile interventions had a clinically important impact on reducing the occurrence of depression (OR = 0.51 [95% CI 0.41 to 0.64]; absolute risk reduction RD: 7.14% [95% CI 4.92 to 9.36]; p<0.001) and preventing its severity perinatally (MD = -3.07; 95% CI -4.68 to -1.46; p<0.001). Mobile cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) was effective in managing postpartum depression (MD = -6.87; 95% CI -7.92 to -5.82; p<0.001), whereas other support-based interventions had no added benefit. Results on anxiety outcomes and utilization of care were limited. Our equity-focused analyses showed that ethnicity, age, education, and being primiparous were characteristics of influence to the effectiveness of mobile interventions.

Conclusion

As the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the need for virtual mental health care, mobile interventions show promise in preventing and managing common mental disorders among pregnant and postpartum women. Such interventions carry the potential to address health inequity but more rigorous research that examines patients’ intersecting social identities is needed.
Casos de estudio innovadores en la educación formal en Palestina: resumen, retos y perspectivas de futuro
Authors: Burgos Daniel , Affouneh Saida
Published: October 2021

Las universidades y los colegios de Palestina son innovadores y comprometidos. Diseñan e implementan una diversidad de metodologías y tecnologías para apoyar a los estudiantes y a los profesores, de tal manera que mejoren su rendimiento y sus competencias. Este número especial muestra un número de casos de estudio seleccionados con trabajo práctico y completo realizado por expertos.
Effectiveness of Frangipani Leaf Extract (Plumeria alba Linn.) as a UV Filter
Authors: Angreini Irein Kusuma , Prasetyaningsih Aniek , Prakasita Vinsa Cantya
Published: October 2021

UV filters are necessary since UV rays are harmful to human skin. UV filter compounds in commercial sunscreen products can cause adverse effects. Thus, natural UV filters containing flavonoids, e.g. Frangipani (Plumeria alba Linn.) leaves, are needed. This research examined the use of flavonoids from P. alba leaf as a UV filter with in vitro and in vivo. Maceration was performed with 70% ethyl alco-hol and liquid-liquid extraction for flavonoid purification. Parameters tested were total flavonoid compounds, SPF value, and clinical symptoms of the melanogenesis inhibition scoring. The purification result was 43.6%. The flavonoid concentration in pure extract (64.4 mg QE /g) was higher than crude extract (57.6 mg QE/g). The highest SPF value (33.88) was observed in pure extract at 1400 mg/mL, while the same concentration of crude extract resulted in a lower SPF value (33.06). Pearson correlation analysis (0.536) indicated a di-rectly proportional relationship between SPF value and extract concentration. In vivo analysis was performed by scoring between 0-4 following the severity of erythema. After 21 days of sunlight exposure, the worst erythema was found in the negative control group (score 1.292). The best result was found in the group treated with pure extract 1400 mg/ml (score 0.542).
Aktivitas Anti Inflamasi Ekstrak Biji Litsea Garciae Vidal Pada Odema Telapak Kaki Dan Gambaran Histologis Kaki Mencit
Authors: Sari Mustika , Sulistiany Henny
Published: October 2021

Litsea garciae or malek is a native species from Borneo and belongs to the Lauraceae family. Scientifically, the use of these plants is not widely known. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of Litsea garciae seeds against edema in mice feet and to determine the histology of the carrageenan-induced integument thickness of mice. The study used a completely randomized design with 5 treatment groups. The treatment group consisted of a negative treatment group (K1), a positive treatment group (K2) with 3 different dosages of Malek seed extract groups. The treatment doses used were Malek seed extract at a dose of 0.625 mg/g BW (P1), 1.25 mg/g BW (2), and 2.50 mg/g BW (P3). Edema percentage and integument thickness were analyzed by the One-Way ANOVA test with (α = 0.05). The results showed that the Malek seed extract dose of 0.625 mg/g BW had anti-inflammatory activity against edema of the mice's feet. The percentage of inflammation with doses of 0.625 mg/g BW, 1.25 mg/g BW and 2.5 mg/g BW was 31.10%, 22.58%, and 25.83%. The percentage of reduction in inflammation in the positive control treatment of Na-diclofenac (42.70%) was significantly differ-ent from the treatment of Malek seed extract at a dose of 0.0625–2.5 mg/g BW. The percentage of reduction in inflammation in the group treated with 1.25 mg/g BW (P2) Malek seed extract was not significantly different from the 2.5 mg/g BW (P3) treatment of Malek seed extract. The results of histological observations of mice's feet showed that the extract of Malek seeds did not have a significant effect on the thickness of the carrageenan-induced mice leg integument.
Existence and multiplicity of nontrivial solutions to the modified
Kirchhoff equation without the growth and Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz conditions
Authors: Wang Zhongxiang , Jia Gao
Published: October 2021

The paper focuses on the modified Kirchhoff equation  \begin{align*}  -\left(a+b\int_{\mathbb{R}^N}|\nabla u|^2dx\right)\Delta u-u\Delta  (u^2)+V(x)u=\lambda f(u), \quad x\in \mathbb{R}^N, \end{align*} where  $a,b>0$, $V(x)\in C(\mathbb{R}^N,\mathbb{R})$ and $\lambda<1$ is a  positive parameter. We just assume that the nonlinearity $f(t)$ is  continuous and superlinear in a neighborhood of $t = 0$
and at infinity. By applying the perturbation method and using the cutoff function, we get
existence and multiplicity of nontrivial solutions to the revised equation.
Then we use the Moser iteration to obtain existence and multiplicity of
nontrivial solutions to the above original Kirchhoff equation. Moreover,
the nonlinearity f(t) may be supercritical.
Comparative biochemical and pharmacological investigations of various newly developed opioid receptor ligands
Authors: Szűcs Edina
Published: October 2021

Bentley analogues: In vitro competition binding experiments all derivatives showed low subnanomolar affinity to MOR. For DOR the ligands showed comparable binding affinities than the selective DOR agonist Ile5,6-deltorphin II peptide ligand except 8 (Ki > 3000 nM). In the KOR binding assays the analogues still displayed nanomolar affinities. In G-protein activity measurements compound 1f, 2a, 2b had antagonistic; 1e, 2c, 8 had partial agonistic and 2d, 4, 5, 7 had full agonistic effects. Ligands were examined in G-protein activation tests in rat brain membranes, the selectivity could not be observed as the receptor selective antagonists such as Cyp, NTI, nor-BNI and the selective agonists such as DAMGO, Ile5,6-deltorphine II, U-69,593 are not able to inhibit the effects of the extremely potent Bentley analogues. In vivo tests in osteoarthritis inflammatory model the thevinol derivatives showed a significant antiallodynic effect, while orvinol derivatives, except for 2c, did not display this effect. Oligopeptides: In competition binding assays the KYNA‐containing peptide, KA1 bound selectively to the MOR with a low Ki value and a high selectivity ratio, the other oligopeptides also showed selectivity to MOR, except K3, which bound to MOR and DOR with similar affinity. In the G-protein activition tests the EM-2 containing compounds, K2 and K3 stimulated G-protein with low efficacy, compound KA1, K4, K5 behaved as full agonists, while K6 had efficacy and potency higher than those of the reference compound DAMGO. In functional binding assays all oligopetides were inhibited by Cyp (MOR) and NTI (DOR) in rat brain membrane. In guinea pig brain membrane K4 and K6 stimulated G-protein, the efficacy of K4 was inhibited by nor-BNI, while the effect of K6 was not. K6 exhibited a strong antinociceptive effect in formalin test.
Innovative approach for the application of MTT, LDH and bis-ANS
Authors: Jánosi-Mózes Emese Szilvia
Published: October 2021

The acute hippocampus slice-based models can serve as a feasible tool to gain deeper understanding on how pathological events in AD, in particular Aβ oligomerization, influence hippocampal functionality and therefore paving the way to develop and test related hypothesis but also to screen potential protective agents or validate results seen in vivo or predicted in silico. To overcome the shortcomings of the in vitro and in vivo methods, we developed a cost effective and simple apparatus for maintaining the viability of acute tissue slices, named: ExViS (Ex Vivo System; Universal Mini-Chamber Tube System for Acute Tissue Slices). The system allowed us to further develop methods that use acute (ex vivo) hippocampal slices to model AD-related patomechanisms. Over the course of my PhD studies we have developed the following techniques and ex vivo models based on the features of acute hippocampal slices: 1. Rapid, reliable and quantitative determination of Aβ1-42 toxicity in ageing (OGD) acute hippocampal slice model using MTT and LDH assays. 2. Quantitative determination of zinc-induced Aβ1-42 oligomerization toxicity in acute hippocampal slice model using MTT assay. 3. Fluorescent imaging of neurite cross-sections and detailed imaging of neurite structures in acute hippocampal slices via a novel application of bis-ANS and its co-staining variations. 4. Modelling the effect of Zn2+ released in glutamergic synaptic cleft in the hippocampus on Aβ1-42 aggregation and its consequences on cell viability and synaptic functionality, learning and memory (LTP).
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Under Nutrition among Children Aged 6 to 59 Months in Ngoma District, Rwanda
Authors: Alice Dukuzimana Marie , Gustave Bizimana Eric , Habtu Michael , Alphonse Habineza , Erigene Rutayisire
Published: October 2021

In Rwanda, 38% children aged 6-59 months are stunted. In Ngoma District, stunting rate is estimated at 41% among the children aged below 5 years. The study objective was to evaluate the prevalence and factors contributing to under nutrition among children aged 6- 59 months in Ngoma District. Cluster sampling was used to determine the study participants for each sector within 14 sectors by considering the sample size of 442. The WHO Anthro software version 3.2.2 was used to determine the nutritional status of the children. SPSS version 24 was used for analysis. Of 442 children participated in the study 50.9% of them were females, 24.4% were aged 15-23 months and the majority of children (89.8%) born with normal birth weight. Study findings revealed that the prevalence of under nutrition was 33.7% for stunting, 3.6% for wasting and 6.6% underweighted. Poor sanitation facility (AOR: 4.1, 95%CI: 1.83-9.3, p=0.001), poor diet (AOR: 1.9, 95%CI: 1.18-3, p=0.008) were significantly associated with stunting. Factors such as lack of hand-washing facilities (AOR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.013-6.3, p=0.047), not eat vegetables (AOR: 4.4, 95%CI: 1.7-10.96, p=0.001), and not eat fishes (AOR: 4.1, 95%CI: 1.6-10.6, p=0.003) were associated with wasting. Short breastfeeding duration (AOR: 4.5, 95%CI: 2.9-7.2, p=0.001), not eat vegetables (AOR: 1.9; 95%CI: 1.1-3.05, p=0.008), and not eat eggs (AOR: 2, 95%CI: 1.3-2.9, p=0.001) were associated with underweight. Poor families with under-five children need continuous support that will assist them to improve nutritional status of their children.
Attenuation of Microcystins Using Electron Beams and Gamma Radiation: A Study with Environment-Bound Conditions
Authors: Arruda-Neto Joao Dias Toledo , Cavalcante-Silva Erika , Righi Henriette , Rocha Odete , court-Oliveira Maria do Carmo Bitten , Cordeiro-Araújo Micheline K.
Published: October 2021

Microcystins (MCs) are toxins profusely synthesized by cyanobacteria, causing livestock poisonings and endangering human health. We design and execute an experiment to investigate the attenuation (degradation) of microcystins by exposing them to gamma radiation and electron beams at doses of 0 (control), 3, 5, 10 and 15 kGy. The experimental conditions simulate microcystin contamination of aquatic environments; we thus consider (1) microcystins inside whole cells and extracellular dissolved in water, simulated by non-sonicated and sonicated cells, respectively, and (2) two acute microcystin concentrations within water. Toxicity tests of Microcystis aeruginosa detected immobilization (i.e., paralysis) of Ceriodaphniasilvestrii exposed to aqueous crude extracts of irradiated and non-irradiated M. aeruginosa (NPLJ-4 strain) at concentrations of 45 and 90 mg.L-1 (mg dry weight of freeze-dried material), and the results were analyzed using the Trimmed Spearman-Karber statistical program to obtain 48-h EC50, the average effective concentration causing immobility in 50% of organisms after 48 hours.

We conclude that electron beams are effective physical agents for toxin attenuation (degradation) and reach 100% effectiveness at 5 kGy and above; their efficiency is two orders of magnitude greater than that of gamma radiation.

This new body of information contributes to (1) remediating environmental water sources; (2) designing water/wastewater treatment facilities; (3) combatting chronic microcystin environmental contamination; and (4) inspiring further studies to promote the use of biomonitors (e.g., Cladocerans) to detect and evaluate microalgae contamination.
An Investigation of Emotional Intelligence and its Association with Self-Efficacy at Higher Education Level in Pakistan
Authors: Kashan Sehrish , Kayani Sumaira , Rehman Zia Ur , Imran Muhammad , Din Muhammad Naseerud
Published: October 2021

The present study examined the effects emotional intelligence on self-Efficacy of tertiary education students. Two scales Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Scale 44 and Schwarzer & Jerusalem Self Efficacy Scale 47 were used. The pilot study was conducted to assess the reliability of the instrument and main study was conducted to assess the results on sample of the study. A sample of 50 students (25 males, 25 females) were taken from universities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Both questionnaire were administered to the sample. The psychometric properties of pilot study were found satisfactory. In second phase main study was conducted which considered of sample of 200 university students (100 males and 100 females). The psychometric properties of main study were also satisfactory. Scores were analysed using SPSS software. Results of demographic variables such as age, birth order, mother education, father education and number of siblings are positively correlated with both scales and sub scales. The results were significant at (p<0.05) of mean differences with gender, education and family system. This survey consists of three hypotheses, which were accepted.
A constituição do ensino de leitura em objeto de pesquisas acadêmicas no Brasil
Authors: Silva Ana Cristina Champoudry Nascimento da , Pietri Emerson de
Published: October 2021

Neste artigo são apresentados resultados de pesquisa orientada pelo objetivo de compreender os processos interdiscursivos que fundamentaram a formação de temas, bases conceituais e estratégias argumentativas para a constituição do ensino da leitura na escola básica em objeto de investigações científicas. Foram analisadas dissertações de mestrado desenvolvidas na década de 80 do século XX, em programas de pós-graduação no país. Os resultados mostram que a identificação da existência de uma crise da leitura referenciou a proposição de mudanças necessárias na educação leitora no ensino básico, para o que as pesquisas contribuiriam com a produção de subsídios teórico-metodológicos que transformassem as práticas pedagógicas e garantissem a formação emancipatória de leitores críticos.
Diários, cartas e cadernos de poesia: arquivos pessoais e ego-documentos na pesquisa e no ensino de história
Authors: Oliveira Giuseppe Roncalli Ponce Leon de , Silva Keila Queiroz e
Published: October 2021

Em (Des) arquivar: arquivos pessoais e ego-documentos no tempo presente (2019), Maria Teresa Santos Cunha, apresenta um livro que reúne estudos produzidos nos últimos anos, e, já publicados em periódicos especializados noutros momentos. Os artigos que compõem esse livro são portadores de um tempo acumulado, foram escritos em temporalidades distintas, textos que testemunham histórias de encontros, desencontros, proximidades e distâncias, que trazem como temática os arquivos pessoais e os chamados ego-documentos. Os arquivos pessoais comportam documentos de textualidades plurais como cartas, diários pessoais, álbuns de poesias e autobiografias, sendo estudados e mostrados em suas interações discursivas – entre o visto e o escrito – e na sua materialidade – do manuscrito ao impresso. São redutos de sensibilidades no campo historiográfico do Tempo Presente, criam possibilidades de buscar traços descontínuos e vestígios sobre passados que imprimem inteligibilidade àqueles tempos. Trata-se, enfim, de fazer emergir o passado do presente, cruzando o global e o local em textos que anunciam uma revolução documental em que ondas de memória acabam por unir e agitar com intensidade as sociedades contemporâneas.Os ego-documentos são considerados aqueles que, resistindo ao fogo e/ou ao lixo, foram preservados e se referem às experiências pessoais com um intuito de guardar a si próprio. Os ego-documentos se referem, portanto, à diversidade das formas de expressão escrita dos sentimentos e experiências pessoais. Por intermédio deste ponto de vista, um ego-documento é um texto de qualquer forma ou tamanho, em que ele se esconde ou descobre deliberada ou acidentalmente um ego. “São textos em que um autor ou autora, escreve, por si mesmo ou através de outro, sobre suas vivências (diretas ou conhecidas), sentimentos e pensamentos.” (CUNHA, 2019, p. 11-12). O livro está organizado em duas partes: arquivos pessoais e documentos da intimidade, eixos que permitem pensar a escrita de um tempo em diversos suportes.
Reflexões sobre os mecanismos de obtenção de terras para reforma agrária no Brasil
Authors: Leite Acácio Zuniga , Mauro Rogério Antônio , Hora Karla Emmanuela Ribeiro
Published: October 2021

Em qual contexto deu-se os mecanismos de obtenção de terras no Brasil e como explicar a redução do número de áreas desapropriadas e a ampliação dos assentamentos rurais no período 1985-2019? Esse artigo debruça-se sobre esta questão. O Brasil segue no grupo seleto de países que ainda não realizou sua Reforma Agrária. Refletir sobre as ações necessárias de Estado que garantam a desconcentração da terra e a justiça social no campo requer compreender as limitações institucionais e operacionais para a aplicação da função social da propriedade no Brasil contemporâneo. Entre 1985 e 2019 o Brasil implantou 9.367 projetos de assentamentos com capacidade de inclusão de 1.076.939 famílias. Isso significa 78,3 milhões de hectares de terras, ou seja, 9,2% do território nacional. Não é pouco, mas, não foi o suficiente para alterar a estrutura fundiária altamente concentrada. Para compreender isso, a metodologia empregada analisou o banco de dados da obtenção de terras na Reforma Agrária à luz das mudanças do padrão de produção na agricultura em dois períodos distintos: 1985-1999 e 2000-2019. Os resultados apontam que o fortalecimento das commodities, em fins dos anos 1990 e a expansão das áreas destinadas a elas gerou impacto nos preços de terras. Os mecanismos de obtenção de terras por meio da desapropriação não foram atualizados a fim de aplicar a função social da propriedade na sua integralidade. Assim, os instrumentos normativos sucumbem às regras que o mercado de terra imputa, dificultando, cada vez mais, uma Reforma Agrária nos moldes planejados no momento inicial da redemocratização do país.
Movimentos socioterritoriais, agroecologia e soberania alimentar em Minas Gerais
Authors: Coca Estevan Leopoldo de Freitas , Vinha Janaina Francisca de Souza Campos , Cleps Junior João
Published: October 2021

Neste artigo apresentamos uma análise sobre experiências agroecológicas locais em Minas Gerais mostrando o protagonismo dos movimentos socioterritoriais na organização da produção e na comercialização de alimentos e os principais desafios do campesinato nos projetos de Reforma Agrária no estado. Realizamos uma contextualização da conjuntura agrária mineira, a partir dos dados sistematizados pela Rede Dataluta, abordando as principais categorias utilizadas pela rede de pesquisa e as principais categorias dos relatórios de pesquisa estadual de períodos diversos – manifestações do campo (2000-2019), ocupações de terras (1988-2019) e criação de assentamentos rurais (1986-2019). Ainda, foram realizadas algumas considerações sobre a expansão das grandes corporações no campo e a luta pela terra em Minas Gerais como forma de subsidiar a reflexão sobre as estratégias dos movimentos socioterritoriais. As políticas agrárias implementadas em níveis federal e estadual foram paralisadas, constituindo uma década marcada pela maior retração da Reforma Agrária na história do país.
A paralisação da reforma agrária em Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Lira Bizerra Fagner , Mançano Fernandes Bernardo
Published: October 2021

O último assentamento criado em Mato Grosso do Sul foi em 2013. Desde 1984 foram criados 204 territórios da reforma agrária nesse estado. Isso foi possível com a organização de movimentos socioterritoriais que fizeram lutas e depois de inumeráveis conflitos agrários conquistaram sua terra de trabalho e de vida. Dentre esses movimentos o MST é um dos grandes protagonistas, com mais de 100 ocupações de terra, possuindo vínculo direto com a conquista de 55 territórios da reforma agrária em Mato Grosso do Sul. Estado com uma estrutura fundiária extremamente desigual e um grande histórico de violência no campo, esses territórios representam os resultados das trajetórias desses movimentos e a ocupação como ferramenta de desenvolvimento territorial. Temos como objetivo compreender a importância do MST-MS para a reforma agrária popular em Mato Grosso do Sul. Por meio de revisão da literatura, análise de dados da Rede DATALUTA, da CPT, do INCRA, do IBGE, de informações e dados do MST. Observando-se que cada ocupação de terra realizada por esse movimento socioterritorial foi parte do processo de conquista de território da reforma agrária, as ocupações de terra estão intrinsecamente relacionadas com a criação dos assentamentos rurais, como pode ser visto nesta pesquisa.
Descolonizando territórios indígenas
Authors: Mondaro Marcos Leandro
Published: October 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a luta pela terra dos movimentos indígenas nas ações de retomadas de território. Esta pesquisa consistiu em uma análise documental dos Relatórios da REDE DATALUTA BRASIL, do Banco de dados da luta pela terra, Mato Grosso do Sul, 2012 e 2013. A categorização foi realizada por meio de análise de conteúdo, com a criação de duas categorias temáticas: 1) Retomadas Guarani Kaiowá: uma forma de luta pela demarcação dos territórios; 2) Relatórios da REDE DATALUTA BRASIL, Mato Grosso do Sul (2012 e 2013): o protagonismo do movimento indígena na retomada de territórios. Constatou-se que os Relatórios da analisam a superposição de conflitos territoriais, do conflito latifúndio versus camponeses, na luta por terra, e a emergência contemporânea de novos conflitos, envolvendo empresas, fazendeiros versus os povos indígenas, nas lutas por terra e território. Nos anos de 2012 e 2013 analisados pelos relatórios e nas séries históricas apresentadas de anos anteriores, os povos indígenas tornaram-se protagonistas nas lutas em movimentos de retomadas de territórios.
دراسة فقهية لنظام التقاعد الفردي التشاركي في تركيا
Authors: HAYAT Zeynelabidin
Published: October 2021

نظام التقاعد الفردي في تركيا (BES) نظام اختياري تقوم من خلاله محافظ استثمارية مختصة باستثمار جزء من أموال الأشخاص الذين يرغبون في ادخار جزء معين من أموالهم بشكل منتظم ليحصلوا عليه بعد وصولهم سنا معينا منمًى مع منحة من الحكومة، وتقوم شركات المحافظ الاستثمارية باستثمار هذه الأموال في صناديق استثمارية ذات مجالات استثمارية مختلفة، فيختار المدخر الصندوق الذي يناسبه، وابتداء من سنة 2008 بدأت المؤسسات المالية التشاركية في تركيا بتوجيه زبائنها للاستثمار في صناديق الاستثمار التقاعدية التشاركية التابعة لشركات تقليدية، واستمر هذا الحال إلى منتصف عام 2012 حيث ظهرت أول شركة للتقاعد الفردي التشاركي في تركيا قبل أن تتبعها شركة أخرى سنة 2013، وقد تناول هذا البحث نظام التقاعد الفردي التشاركي في تركيا في ثلاثة مباحث، المبحث الأول: تم فيه الحديث عن نظام التقاعد الفردي في تركيا من خلال إعطاء لمحة عن تاريخه وأنواع ومصاريف الاشتراك به، ومن خلال بيان أوجه الاختلاف بينه وبين نظام التقاعد الاجتماعي، ومن ثم التطرق لمزايا وسلبيات هذا النظام، أما المبحث الثاني فهو يتناول نظام التقاعد الفردي التشاركي في تركيا من خلال دراسة شركات هذا النظام والصناديق الاستثمارية التابعة لها، حيث ظهرت أول شركة عام 2012 ثم ظهرت شركة ثانية سنة 2013، وعلى الرغم من مرور أكثر سبع سنوات إلا أنه لم تنشأ شركة ثالثة للتقاعد الفردي التشاركي، وذلك من أصل خمس عشرة شركة للتقاعد الفردي في تركيا، أما الصناديق الاستثمارية التابعة لها فقد بلغ عددها 53 صندوقا من أصل 266 صندوقا استثماريا للتقاعد الفردي في تركيا ككل، أما الدراسة الفقهية لنظام التقاعد الفردي التشاركي في تركيا فهي مدار المبحث الثالث، حيث تم فيه ذكر التكييف الفقهي للعلاقة بين أطراف النظام من شركات ومشتركين ووسطاء والحكومة، حيث تبين أن الوكالة بأجر هي التكييف الفقهي الأمثل للعلاقة بين شركات التقاعد الفردي والمشتركين لديها، كذا الأمر في تكييف العلاقة بين شركة التقاعد الفردي والمؤسسة الوسيطة وفي تكييف العلاقة بين شركة التقاعد الفردي وبين الحكومة، أما العلاقة بين المشتركين أنفسهم فتكيف على أنها شراكة بالربح والخسارة، فيما تعتبر العلاقة بين الحكومة والمشتركين وعد بالهبة من قبل الحكومة للمشتركين، ثم تم التطرق إلى حكم مجالات استثمار أموال شركات التقاعد الفردي التشاركي، حيث تستثمر هذه الأموال إما في أسهم الشركات المستوفية للشروط والضوابط التي وضعتها اللجنة الشرعية لاتحاد البنوك التشاركية التركية (TKBB)، أو في الصكوك الحكومية والخاصة التي تعتبر بديلا شرعيا عن السندات الربوية مع وجود بعض الإشكالات الشرعية في آلية إصدارها وتداولها، أو في الذهب وأدوات سوق النقد المتداولة به التي من أشهرها الصكوك المتداولة بالذهب، أو في الصكوك وأسهم الشركات المتداولة بالعملات الأجنبية، أو في سندات المشاركة بالإيراد التي لا يستثمر فيها فعليا على الرغم من نص النظام الداخلي لبعض صناديق الاستثمار التشاركية على إمكانية الاستثمار فيها، كما تم في هذا المبحث التطرق لبعض المسائل الفقهية المتعلقة بهذا النظام كإجراء اتفاقيات إعادة الشراء وعقود الصرف الآجلة (Forward) وعقود مبادلة العملات (Swap) في السوق غير المنظمة (خارج البورصة) وعلى شكل مواعدة غير ملزمة لكلا الطرفين معا، وكآلية الرقابة واللجان الشرعية في شركات هذا النظام، وكحكم الاستثمار في صناديق تقاعد فردية استثمارية تشاركية تابعة لمؤسسات تقليدية وكحكم الانسحاب المبكر من النظام، وكحكم الحصول على راتب تقاعدي عند استحقاق التقاعد من هذا النظام من خلال الاشتراك بتأمين الدخل السنوي.
Resistencia civil en Suárez
Authors: Font Oporto Pablo
Published: October 2021

El motor de la teoría política suareciana es la consecución del bien común inserto en la facticidad de la realidad humana concreta. Desde ahí cabe sostener que la admisión de la resistencia al poder político supone, en última instancia, erigir esta última como límite de aquel y abrir la puerta a un uso ponderado, proporcional y precavido de la violencia. En definitiva, esta opera como un instrumento fáctico de legítima defensa en la búsqueda del bien común concreto.
Malebranche y la metamorfosis de la moral a comienzos del siglo XVIII
Authors: Muceni Elena
Published: October 2021

Las transformaciones políticas, sociales y económicas que tuvieron lugar en el periodo considerado por Paul Hazard como el escenario histórico de la «Crisis de la conciencia europea» (1680-1715) fueron acompañadas de una radical renovación cultural que se manifestó a través de la revisión de las ideas filosóficas. Este artículo pretende localizar algunos síntomas de este cambio, a saber, la metamorfosis de los paradigmas éticos, a través del análisis de algunos conceptos morales en la obra del filósofo francés Nicolas Malebranche. Centrándose en cuestiones como la autonomía moral y la legitimidad del amor propio, el artículo muestra que se puede rastrear una transformación de los criterios de moralidad dentro de la producción propia del autor, cuyos escritos se publicaron entre 1674 y 1715.
Una hipótesis inquietante
Authors: Fonti Diego
Published: October 2021

A menudo se reduce la pregunta por el vínculo de teología y política a situaciones coyunturales y emergentes, ocluyendo así aspectos estructurales de esta relación. La tradición filosófica de la teología política fue capaz de formular una teoría de esta relación, que aún hoy muestra su influencia. El objetivo de este trabajo es indagar filosóficamente en qué medida la obra de Levinas, explícitamente refractario a teología y política, puede ubicarse en esa tradición al mantener estructuralmente algunos de sus aspectos esenciales. La excepción, la decisión y la escatología pueden identificarse en Levinas, quien opera sobre ellos una resignificación radical. Esta resignificación es valiosa en tanto que permite mantener las demandas de la teología política en un período donde no es pensable la unicidad religiosa ni axiológica, y donde la democracia se muestra menesterosa de una fundamentación que la oriente hacia las demandas de justicia e igualdad radical.
Towards Export-Led Growth in the West Africa Sub Region Economies
Authors: Ayeni R. K. , FANNEH Momodou Mustapha
Published: October 2021

The policy of import substitution dominated developing economies especially Sub-Sharan African countries up till 1970. The focus later shifted to pursuing growth through increased export. Recently, countries of the West Africa Sub-region are clamoring for a revisit of growth through import substitution policies. This study therefore delved into the question of whether ECOWAS countries should go for import substitution growth strategy, or to develop strategy that promotes export-led growth, following the law of comparative advantage or a considerable mix of the two strategies. Using an export-augmented neoclassical production function, the study tested how relevant is the Export-led Growth Hypothesis for the ECOWAS sub-region over the period 1980-2014.

 Evidence does not offer a strong support for the Hypothesis in the short run but a strong evidence for improved capital stock and labor causing growth. However, long-run results suggest a significant relationship between export and growth but currently negative.  A likely explanation of this negativity is that although exports, in the West African sub-regions has the tendency of increasing growth in the long run along with other factors of production, the present conditions of export, especially manufactured and agricultural exports, is experiencing a kind of “Import surge”. That is the import content of exports is high and the local content is low, thus reducing the spillover or multiplier effects. This was confirmed by the strong bilateral causality between export and import discovered in this study. A policy mix of import substitution and export promotion strategies was recommended for countries in this sub-region.  Policies that will promote technological innovation in manufacturing and linkages with local suppliers alongside incentives to produce towards export are imperative. Production towards export should be focused on manufactured and agricultural products where each country has the highest comparative advantage so as to reduce the import content of the export.
" State of Knowledge of CSR Practice in Mining Companies in Africa "
Authors: Karambiri Ganabo Lacina
Published: October 2021

This work is inspired by a number of observations or knowledge. Africa is rich in natural resources exploited by mining companies whose impact is damaging. The question of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the region therefore arises acutely. The reflection on CSR practice in mining companies in Africa allows to have a better visibility of the activity and the state of the existing texts, laws, standards, directives and principles which frame it. African countries implementing the EITI principles must publish annual reports on the status of revenue and payments of taxes, licenses and fees to local governments and the State. The application of international, regional and national instruments makes it possible to better organize the activity, and to formalize the responsibility of the miners in order to instill the development desired by the populations. Of the many possible determinants of responsible action, the authors describe the role that the network can play in managerial learning.
The Strategic Management Process for Innovation Activities of OMAN Telecommunication Company (OMANTEL)
Authors: Al Abri Sultan
Published: October 2021

This research will investigate on the strategic management process of the entrepreneurship and innovation activities of Oman Telecommunication Company (OMANTEL).  It will assess the chosen organization’s (Omantel) characteristic that is facilitating innovative process, implement activities that establishes an innovative environment within the structure of an organisation and analyse the strategic approach of the company’s innovation management.  Moreso, this will also outline a discussion on the dynamics and characteristics of Omantel company and how the ICV policy could be improved; and  will analyse as well the strategic management process adopted by Omantel company in driving entrepreneurship and innovation. To achieve these objectives, the relevant sources of information to be utilized include online articles, books and relevant entrepreneurship, innovation and SME journals.  Finally, recommendations were made to improve the organization’s innovation process; foremost of which  is a program that would provide new skills and knowledge to employees to foster creativity and innovation across organization.