bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trajectory of Nostalgia in Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Wildschut Tim , Sedikides Constantine , Wu Mingzheng , Cai Huajian
Published: January 2023

We examined the change and stability of nostalgia in emerging adulthood. We followed 327 students through their 4 university years with six assessments. Nostalgia demonstrated moderate rank stability ( r = .25–.79). A Trait-State-Occasion model analysis indicated that the stable trait component, slowing-change trait component, and state component explained 37% to 43%, 10% to 27%, and 29% to 49% of variation in nostalgia on specific occasions, respectively. Longitudinal multilevel analysis revealed that the mean nostalgia level declined across university years. Greater intensity of negative life events at the start of university was associated with higher initial nostalgia and slower decline of it, while the emotion intensified when experiencing more negative life events. Nostalgia in emerging adulthood displays moderate stability, with negative life events contributing to the shape of its trajectory.
Empathic Accuracy Task: Indian Adaptation and Validation
Authors: Sinha Preeti , Mehta Urvakhsh M. , S.N. Anuradha , Srivastava Prerna
Published: January 2023

Background:

The Empathic Accuracy Task (EAT) is an objective measure to assess empathic accuracy. Due to the variability in the number and linked emotions of the narrated events, we adapted EAT for the Indian sociocultural setting as Indian EAT (I-EAT).

Methods:

Eight videos were adapted in three languages (English, Hindi, and Kannada), narrating emotional events with a uniform representation of age groups, different emotions, and sex. The adapted I-EAT was then validated by cross-sectional comparison with different tests similar to EAT and those that assessed concepts different from or similar to empathy, in 29 healthy young adults, 23 healthy older adults (aged ≥60 years) along with clinical groups of 15 young people with depression, 15 older people with depression, and 15 young people with schizophrenia.

Results:

We selected eight videos with good content validity and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.73. We obtained satisfactory concurrent validity of the EAT scores with the self-reported empathic assessments using the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (Cognitive empathy score = 0.29, p = .034; Total score = 0.29, p = .035) and Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Empathic concern score = 0.45, p = .001). Good divergent validity was revealed in the high inverse correlation recorded with the Apathy Evaluation Scale ( = –0.67, p < .001). I-EAT did not correlate significantly with measures of social cognition. Known-groups validity was adequate in young adults with the significantly lower EAT scores (Cohen’s d: 0.77 to 1.15) in the Schizophrenia group and higher EAT-N scores (Cohen’s d: 0.51) in the Depression group, compared to the Healthy group. The Healthy group of the geriatric population also achieved significantly higher EAT scores (Cohen’s d: 0.71 to 0.85) than the Depression group.

Conclusion:

With a good validity and internal consistency, I-EAT can be used in the Indian population to assess empathic accuracy without compromising performance of the original EAT.
Cultural Influences on Disaster Management: A Case Study of the Mt. Pinatubo Eruption
Authors: Güss C. Dominik , Pangan Oliver I.
Published: January 2023

Disaster management teams composed of experts from different countries will be more and more common in the future. As natural disasters are most frequent in Central America and Southeast Asia (developing countries with limited human and financial resources), their disaster-management organizations will more frequently seek help from the international community. This article analyzes disaster management before, during, and after the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption in the Philippines. This was one of the biggest eruptions in the past century and one with important lessons for present-day disaster management. Different ethnic groups in the Philippines were affected by this disaster. Filipino experts worked together with foreign experts in solving problems that came prior to and after this disaster. This paper argues that disaster management was affected by the cultural norms and values of the people working together to manage the disaster. It is concluded that intercultural competence, like cultural awareness and sensitivity, are important factors for the successful planning and implementation of disaster management efforts among multi-cultural expert groups.
Three Essential Strategies for Emergency Management Professionalization in the U. S
Authors: Oyola-Yemaiel Arthur , Wilson Jennifer
Published: January 2023

Emergency management in the United States today is not yet a profession, but as a trade it has reached the necessary institutional maturity to advance toward a profession. Emergency management is professionalizing by pursuing the principal characteristics of a profession, namely autonomy or self-regulation and monopoly or exclusiveness (Oyola-Yemaiel and Wilson 2002, 2001, Wilson 2001). We have analyzed the current status of emergency management professionalization by investigating the efforts of various organizations at the U. S. national and state levels to organize the trade as a profession. In particular, we have examined the processes of structural formation, accreditation and certification. In essence, professional status relates directly to the institutional and individual acquisition of autonomy and monopoly to exercise the trade. We conclude that hierarchical structure, individual certification, and institutional accreditation are essential strategies for emergency management to develop as a profession.
Examining the National Response Plan in Response to a Catastrophic Disaster: Hurricane Katrina in 2005
Authors: Kapucu Naim
Published: January 2023

Over the years, the Federal Response Plan (FRP) and the National Response Plan (NRP) have reflected policy learning and changes that result from disasters. Since its initial release in 1992 the FRP was amended twice then replaced by the NRP in 2004. In the past, revisions to these plans have occurred in response to Hurricane Andrew and the September 11 terrorist attacks. In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, the state of U.S. emergency management has been widely questioned. This article examines developments in NRP and its implementations in response to Hurricane Katrina in 2005 from collaboration and partnership perspectives. Information was collected from a variety of print and electronic sources for the study.
Sourcing Patterns in News Coverage of the Anthrax Attacks
Authors: Swain Kristen Alley
Published: January 2023

This content analysis examined attribution of 12 source types in news coverage of the 2001 anthrax attacks that appeared in 833 stories from 272 U.S. newspapers, Associated Press, National Public Radio, and four U.S. television networks. Sourcing patterns were examined across disaster phases, media types, attribution type, advice type, uncertainty factors, and explanation types. Prominent sourcing shifted from federal politicians to federal health officials after journalists began receiving tainted letters, and first responders emerged as the top source type after the attacks ended. Nearly half of all attributions were unnamed sources. Law enforcement officials were the most commonly quoted sources in stories that mentioned outrage rhetoric, speculation, hoaxes, and false alarms. The findings highlight routines that journalists use in disaster situations fraught with dread and uncertainty, as well as the types of information they seek during different phases of a crisis and by different types of sources.
Long-Term Recovery of Historic Buildings
Authors: Al-Nammari Fatima M.
Published: January 2023

This paper explores the long-term earthquake recovery of historic buildings. The inquiry examines the dynamics of recovery from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake for three NGO and public buildings, and identifies the variables that influenced it. The investigation indicates that long-term earthquake recovery for historic buildings is challenging, dynamic, and can be improved. There are several variables that influence the complexity of the recovery but, complications in earthquake recovery can be reduced through pre-incident recovery planning. The inquiry also illustrates that recovery dynamics are varied, and the challenges are dissimilar for different buildings. Several variables influence historic buildings’ recovery and are shaped by the bureaucratic recovery processes, involved players, context of recovery, and the building itself.
Responding to Haiti's Earthquake: International Volunteers’ Health Behaviors and Community Relationships
Authors: Nelan Mary , Grineski Sara E.
Published: January 2023

International disaster volunteers are an important group of workers on the ground after a disaster who have not been the subject of much research. Utilizing survey data from volunteers with a non-governmental organization in Leogane, Haiti after the 12 January 2010 earthquake, this paper focuses on volunteers’ characteristics, their health behaviors (i.e. protective and risky), and their interactions and relationships with their host community. The volunteer population was primarily made up of single young adults with a high level of education. They engaged in various protective health behaviors, with women more likely to use of bug repellent and sunscreen more frequently than men. The majority of volunteers believed that interactions with the host community were not significant to their work; however they believed that a strong relationship was important to the success of the relief effort. Disaster volunteer health behaviors and relationships with the host community should continue to be studied.
Developing a Local Recovery Management Framework: Report on the Post-Disaster Strategies and Approaches Taken by Three Local Governments in the U.S. following Major Disasters
Authors: Johnson Laurie A.
Published: January 2023

Comparative case studies of post-disaster recovery are limited, and even fewer have explored organizational approaches to disaster recovery, especially local governments. This paper describes research on the post-disaster strategies and approaches taken by three local governments in the U.S. following major disasters: Los Angeles, California (following the 1994 Northridge earthquake); Grand Forks, North Dakota (following the 1997 Red River flood); and New Orleans, Louisiana (following 2005 Hurricane Katrina). The management practices, recovery timelines, and resulting outcomes were examined for each city. This research proposes a local recovery management framework that can extend the Incident Command System (ICS)-based emergency management structure into recovery, helping to standardize recovery management practices and improve local government effectiveness in recovery. Such a model has diagnostic application to determine gaps in local government capabilities to manage post-disaster recovery and identify needed support and resources—both financial and technical; it can also serve as a framework for recovery exercises and training.
Disaster Perception and Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction in the Mata Atlântica in Brazil
Authors: Schelchen Anja , Dünow Lea , Pirzer Christian , Lange Wolfram
Published: January 2023

In the Mountain Region of Rio de Janeiro State in Brazil natural disasters such as landslides and flooding are recurrent. While these events are of natural origin, anthropogenic influences contribute significantly to disaster risk in this area, making community participation essential for the success of ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction (Eco-DDR). The objective of the presented case study, conducted in the municipality of Teresópolis, was to assess the perceptions of the local population regarding their disaster vulnerability, their responsibility, and their opportunities to contribute to reducing disaster risk. The paper compares perceptions across three different income groups, placing a special focus on low income (or economically marginalised) residents who are typically most severely affected by disasters. Qualitative data analysis revealed that members of all income groups share a similar perception of their risk of exposure to natural disasters, even though disaster sensitivity and self-perceptions of adaptive capacity differed. Based on their views of ecosystem services, low income residents felt less responsibility, and perceived fewer opportunities, to contribute to disaster risk reduction and adaptation to climate change compared with members of higher income groups. The implications of these findings for policy are discussed in the conclusion.
Beyond Internships: Experiential Learning as a Tool for Emergency Management Education
Authors: Penta Samantha , Phillips Samantha , Silver Amber , Barrett Emily
Published: January 2023

Experiential learning has emerged as a best practice in higher education and professional development programs. This article describes the 100-hour training requirement of an undergraduate degree program at a mid-sized public research university in the northeastern United States. The four tiers of the training program include: (1) foundational training, (2) professional development, (3) community engagement, and (4) concentration-specific training. Each tier is assigned a minimum number of hours that students must complete in order to meet the requirements of the program. The tiered structure focuses students’ activity, ensuring that they engage in experiences that support the development of each of the content areas deemed important for student success as they transition from the academic to the professional realm. This paper illustrates a new way of integrating experiential learning into emergency management curriculum through a 100-hour training requirement, and demonstrates the benefits this type of educational experience can have for the students and the larger community. Beyond educational theory, external training opportunities professionalize students to the practical knowledge of the field and into a culture of continuous learning. It also offers the potential to serve the broader community, reflecting the value that higher education can have in their communities.
Commentary on Burke's Article on ‘Challenging Fallacies of the Military Model’ in the Disaster Research and Emergency Management Practice
Authors: Ruwaithi Abdulhadi A. Al , Aguirre Benigno E.
Published: January 2023

While the debate continues between the emergency managers and disaster research community on the applicability of the Incident Command System (ICS), Burke (2018) introduces the modern military command and control system (modern military C2) as a practical solution that satisfies the disaster researchers’ recommendations. Burke's (2018) argument concludes that both practitioners and researchers overlook the essences of the military command and control system, which can be considered an analogous model to the problem-solving approach. This commentary paper is a critical review of the Burke's (2018) perspective. It highlights how and why modern military C2 differs from the problem-solving approach. There is more similarity between modern military C2 and ICS than between them and the problem-solving approach due to their structures and the flexibility level adopted therein.
Hurricanes, Climate Change, and the Social Construction of Risk
Authors: Oliver-Smith Anthony
Published: January 2023

The advent of climate change is now increasing awareness of the potential of the intensifying peril and frequency of hurricanes for island and coastal dwellers. Considering current demographic data on migration, residence and development, the climatological findings regarding hurricane frequency, intensity, precipitation, and size become particularly menacing. However, despite the intensification and frequency of hurricanes, recognition of the social construction of risk and disasters requires that greater attention be paid to the social and economic drivers of the conditions of exposure and vulnerability that characterize coastal and island communities. The intersection of increasingly intense and frequent hurricanes associated with climate change is discussed in the context of patterns of social, demographic and economic change in the state of Florida in the United States which is located on many of the major paths of hurricanes generated in the Atlantic basin. The paper concludes with an assessment of the role that anthropologists must play in research, practice and policy making reducing the risk of disasters related to hurricane impact.
Unraveling the Social Construction of a Flooding Disaster: A Threaded Situation Analysis Approach
Authors: Bogdan Eva A. (Evalyna) , Caine Ken J. , Beckie Mary A.
Published: January 2023

Studies of, and solutions to, flooding have tended to focus on scientific and technical approaches to what is viewed as a “natural” disaster. A social constructivist perspective, on the other hand, argues that disasters, such as flooding, are a consequence of decisions and activities that impact nature; therefore, understanding and changing social practices is critical to reducing risk. We conducted a case study of the social construction of flooding in the Town of High River, the community most impacted by the 2013 floods in the province of Alberta, Canada. We examine three situations that exacerbated High River's vulnerability to flooding: (a) lack of legislative changes (b) insufficient updating of flood hazard maps, and (c) absence of flood risk notification on land titles. We analyze these situations through the recently developed threaded situation analysis (TSA) approach, demonstrating that it allows for a more comprehensive analysis than similar analytical frameworks. As part of this analysis we examine why certain social practices languish or are suppressed while others become dominant and capture actors’ willful attempts to influence practices. Although numerous scholars have critiqued centralized (top-down) approaches to flood risk governance (FRG), our article contributes to the disaster scholarship by unraveling the social construction of the 2013 Alberta flooding disaster and providing evidence of how decentralized (bottom-up) practices can impede changes that are critical for reducing flooding vulnerability.
Towards Understanding Collective Distress: A Study of Distressed Communities in Vidarbha, India
Authors: Joseph Jacquleen , Jaswal Surinder
Published: January 2023

Agrarian crisis and farmer's suicide is a serious concern in many countries across the world, including India, which has the largest body of small farmers. Though large regions are identified as highly distressed, research has been limited to individual suicidal behavior. Exploration among the general population to understand context-specific factors contributing to collective distress have been almost non-existent and this paper addresses this gap. In this study, the authors conceptualize and test a psychosocial framework using structural equation models to identify factors contributing to distress. A systematic random sampling technique was used to sample 10,402 respondents from 320 vulnerable villages in six districts of Vidarbha. The analysis identifies stressors as a domain that increases distress. The protective factors’ role in moderating distress was minimal. The individual social status characteristics had a significant contribution in explaining the variation in distress. The study provides a road map for future research to establish broad social characteristics that determine distress and enable informed policy formulation and practice.
The Family as a Life-Saver in Disaster
Authors: Clason Christine
Published: January 2023

In discussing the subject of “Family and Disaster” the implicit assumption is that the family is the ‘instrument’ which supports the existing, societal organization and therefore the most common approach is to consider how families cope with disaster. There is confusion as to whether one is speaking about the family on an institutional level or about family units. In this paper we have tried to answer two questions: are individuals better able to cope with disaster on a large scale when living in families(units); does the individualized conjugal family unit with clear-cut divisions of labour and roles offer better chances than other family types?

To explore these questions we used the situation in Japanese camps for civilians during World War II. We reach the conclusion that it is not living in family units which gives a better chance of survival, but the ability to engage in a caring relation with other(s). The ability to adapt to changing situations, without losing one's self control and a ‘fighting’ spirit seem to be very important in order to survive. The conjugal family type prepares women much better in all respects than men.
Dilemmas and Opportunities of International Collective Behavior/Social Movements Research: A Case Study
Authors: Wood James L. , Wood Patricia A.
Published: January 2023

There is a national focus to much collective behavior/social movements research. However, when the investigation takes place in a foreign country, certain dilemmas-and opportunities-may arise.

Three sets of dilemmas and opportunities in relation to conducting research on social movements abroad are explored: 1. the decision to describe the movement, or test a general hypothesis about social movements; 2. the decision to study the social movement at one point in time, or to study it over a longer time periods 3. the decision to use observational methods, or survey research methods.

The way research goals can be modified according to the practical constraints encountered is illustrated by a case study of Britain's Nuclear Diearmament Movement, with particular focus on the Peace Camps such as Greenhorn Common and CND (Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament).

The peace camps represented a new form of social protest. Although the Greenhorn Common camp had received coverage in the media, almost no information was available concerning the 14 or so other camps. Practical constraints and situational factors are discussed which influenced the investigation of the peace camps to become a descriptive, observational study within a shorter time frame. Yet contrasting experience with a study of CND illustrates circumstances favoring at least some hypothesis testing even within a shorter time period. Finally, a possible middle ground between description and hypothesis testing is suggested, whereby descriptive data are collected within a specific theoretical framework.
Disaster Studies: An Analysis of the Social Historical Factors Affecting the Development of Research in the Area
Authors: Quarantelli E.L.
Published: January 2023

Almost nothing has been written about the social historical emergence and development of social and behavioral research on disasters. This paper provides a description and a sociology of scientific knowledge analysis of the factors affecting the initiation of studies in the area in the United States. First, we note how disaster research on group and behavioral aspects of disasters had their roots, almost exclusively, in rather narrowly focused applied questions or practical concerns. Second, we point out how this led to certain kinds of selective emphases in terms of what and how the research was undertaken in the pioneering days, but with substantive consequences which we still see operative today.
Evolution of a Disaster “Focal Point”: Australia's Natural Disasters Organisation
Authors: Britton Neil R. , Wettenhall Roger
Published: January 2023

In the study of government structures and processes, the idea of focal points has emerged particularly in relation to public trading or business enterprises. This paper looks briefly at this usage, and then seeks to translate it to the very different context of central government structures for disaster planning and coordination. The particular illustration used is the Australian Natural Disasters Organisation (NDO), which emerged in the 1970s in the heat of Darwin's Cyclone Tracy experience and has been the nearest thing Australia has had to a disaster focal point over the ensuing decade and a half.
The Effects of Ethnicity on Evacuation Decision-Making
Authors: Perry Ronald W. , Lindell Michael K.
Published: January 2023

This paper develops a single stage theoretical model that examines the impact of citizen ethnicity on evacuation warning compliance. Three ethnic groups are examined: blacks, whites, and Mexican-Americans. Other independent variables in the model include risk perception, possession of an adaptive plan, warning content, warning confirmation, income, and warning source credibility. The model is tested on data from a flood and a hazardous materials incident. In both events, it was found that respondent ethnicity and income had small and statistically nonsignificant effects upon warning compliance. Perceived risk was the best predictor of compliance in each data set. Ethnic group differences were detected in terms of the specific sources identified as most credible and in terms of the first source contacted for warning confirmation.
Characterising Voluntary Emergency Responders: Report of a Pilot Study
Authors: Moran Carmen , Britton Neil R. , Correy Ben
Published: January 2023

Volunteers have long played an important role in emergency response operations world wide. While some research has focused on the stressors faced by professional emergency managers, little attention has been given to the situation of the volunteer. This pilot study reports preliminary data from a larger study of volunteers in New South Wales. These data help us to define the type of person who volunteers, the context of organizational factors that impinge upon them, the types of stresses they experience, and the nature of coping mechanisms they have evolved.
Public Involvement in Environmental Restoration: Disaster Research and Sociological Practice in Superfund Community Relations Plans
Authors: Rossman Edwin J.
Published: January 2023

This paper examines the use of disaster and community research literature regarding public involvement planning for environmental restoration. Specifically, this paper is based upon the author's direct involvement in planning associated with technological hazards. First, the paper reviews the general political and regulatory background associated with public involvement in a specific environmental restoration program. Second, it illustrates how the research literature helps focus environmental restoration upon its social context. In addition, methodological issues in public involvement planning are also addressed.
Recent Developments in Civil Protection and the Implications for Disaster Management in the United Kingdom
Authors: Jackson A. A.
Published: January 2023

This paper will consider how effective the arrangements for coping with potentially life-threatening situations are likely to be, following recent major changes in the funding, role and structure of civil protection in the United Kingdom. Two conflicting forces have been at work creating pressure for changes in civil protection in the UK and other industrial economies in recent years. The end of the Cold War and public sector budget constraints have increased the pressure on Western European governments to realize a ‘peace dividend’ as rapidly as possible, by transferring resources from any form of defence to more productive uses. At the same time the growing public support in Europe for the cause of environmental protection, and an increasing awareness of the threats to sustainable development posed by modern society, is pushing the same governments towards greater measures of protection against peacetime hazards.
Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in dairy cattle: Gross, histological, and microbiological characterization
Authors: De Jonge Bert , Pardon Bart , Goossens Evy , Van Immerseel Filip , Vereecke Nick , Pas Mathilde L. , Callens Jozefien , Caliskan Nermin , Roels Stefan , Chiers Koen
Published: January 2023

Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome (HBS) is a sporadic and fatal disease of predominantly lactating dairy cattle, characterized by segmental hemorrhage and luminal clot formation in the small intestine. Although, Clostridium perfringens and Aspergillus fumigatus have been associated with HBS, the pathogenesis and cause are currently unknown. In this study, 18 naturally occurring cases of HBS (7 necropsied immediately following euthanasia, 11 with 12–48 hour postmortem intervals) were investigated to characterize the pathology and the intestinal microbiome. Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome was characterized by a single small-intestinal, intramucosal hematoma with dissection of the lamina muscularis mucosae. In most cases necropsied immediately after euthanasia (4/7), the intestinal mucosa proximal to the hematoma contained 9 to 14, dispersed, solitary or clustered, erosions or lacerations measuring 4 to 45 mm. In 77% (37/48) of these mucosal lesions, microscopic splitting of the lamina muscularis mucosae comparable to the hematoma was present. These findings suggest the intramucosal hematoma to originate from small mucosal erosions through dissecting hemorrhage within the lamina muscularis mucosae. No invasive fungal growth was observed in any tissue. Bacteriological cultivation and nanopore sequencing showed a polymicrobial population at the hematoma and unaffected intestine, with mostly mild presence of C perfringens at selective culture. Gross and microscopic lesions, as well as the culture and sequencing results, were not in support of involvement of C perfringens or A fumigatus in the pathogenesis of HBS.
A different PET test: The relationship between pet ownership and peritonitis risk in the Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (PDOPPS)
Authors: Boudville Neil , McCullough Keith , Bieber Brian , Pisoni Ronald , Kanjanabuch Talerngsak , Kawanishi Hideki , Kim Yong-Lim , Wilkie Martin , Nitta Kosaku , Piraino Beth , Teitelbaum Isaac , Perl Jeffrey
Published: January 2023

Pet ownership is common around the world, with pet ownership increasing in many countries. Current guidelines are not supportive of pet ownership for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. We examined the association between ownership of cats and dogs and the incidence of peritonitis among PD patients participating in the prospective, observational Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study. A total of 3655 PD patients from eight different countries was included, with a median follow-up of 14 months and a total exposure time of 55,475 patient-months. There were 1347 peritonitis episodes with an overall peritonitis rate of 0.29 episodes per patient year. There was no significant increased risk of peritonitis with any type of pet ownership, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.09 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.96–1.25). However, patients who owned both cats and dogs had an increased risk of peritonitis compared to patients without pets, HR = 1.45 (95% CI: 1.14–1.86). These results suggest that there is no increased risk of peritonitis with pet ownership except for those with both cats and dogs. This information should not prevent PD patients from owning pets but may be helpful for PD patients and their care team to direct training to minimise the risk of peritonitis.
Multiple solutions and their stability for a Ti-alloy nanofluid saturated Darcy porous medium: Flow separation and reversal
Authors: RamReddy Ch. , Saran Har Lal
Published: January 2023

In this article, the authors provided the stability analysis for Darcy porous medium saturated by a Ti-alloy nanofluid in the presence of tilted magnetic field, Joule heating, heat generation, and velocity slip effects. The Tiwari-Das model is implemented and the relevant similarity transformations are identified for mathematical modeling of the proposed fluid flow problem. The set of resultant ODEs has been solved using the shooting method in conjunction with the RK-4th order scheme. The existence of dual solutions is observed along with their critical values for the present setup at and after the bifurcation point but for a limited range of certain fixed parameters. Through the eigenvalue approach, it is shown that the first solutions are stable, but not the second solutions. The streamlines are depicted to understand the flow patterns in addition to the identification of flow separation point and flow reversal. The important findings are as follows: (a) the delay of boundary layer separation is pointed out with the enhancing values of volume fraction of Ti-alloy nanoparticles and the inclined magnetic parameter in the presence of suction, (b) the Ti-alloy nanofluids velocity rises but the temperature decays with rising values of the Ti-alloy nanoparticle volume fraction, and (c) the value of smallest eigenvalues is growing with the growing values of magnetic parameter. Finally, this type of research may be extremely beneficial in the fields of aerodynamics (i.e. production of engine components, aircraft turbines, and high-performance automatic parts) and medicine.
Multiple strategies but small gains: Trade union revitalization and power resources in Central Eastern Europe after 2008
Authors: Bernaciak Magdalena , Trif Aurora
Published: January 2023

This study comparatively examines the relationship between revitalization strategies and trade union power resources in Central Eastern Europe. It shows that the post-2008 weakening of union power resources in the region served as a catalyst for a wide range of revitalization strategies, many of which included elements not documented in the revitalization literature. In most cases, union revitalization strategies involved the mobilization of organizational and societal resources and were geared towards (re)building statutory rights for unions and (re)establishing legal guarantees for workers. This ‘institutional longing’, however, left many organizations oblivious to membership decline, which may threaten their long-term survival.
The efficacy of induction treatment in Thai patients with lupus nephritis: Observational cohort analysis
Authors: Pichaiwong Warangkana , Lawanaskol Suppachai , Phinyo Phichayut , Kitumnuaypong Tasanee
Published: January 2023

Background

For active proliferative lupus nephritis (LN), intravenous cyclophosphamide (IVCYC) is a standard therapy whereby mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is less effective than IVCYC, according to the clinical trials in non-Asians. In this observational study, the clinical outcomes will be compared among Thai patients.

Methods

We had analyzed 93 adult patients who underwent a renal biopsy for active proliferative LN confirmation between January 2013 and June 2021. The assessment of the response outcomes compared the induction treatment of IVCYC versus MMF. The primary endpoint had achieved complete remission (CR) at 24 weeks, while the secondary endpoint is overall remission (OR) and urine protein creatinine ratio (UPCR) changed over time.

Results

93 LN patients were separated into two groups; 40 in IVCYC and 53 in MMF. In the 24th week, based on unadjusted analysis, patient had achieved CR 20.0% of IVCYC, whereas 28.3% of MMF had achieved CR. Unadjusted CR Risk difference was −0.08 (95% CI −0.26, −0.09, p-value = 0.351) and the adjusted CR risk difference was −0.19 (95% CI −0.42, 0.04, p-value = 0.098). The unadjusted OR risk difference was −0.06 (95% CI −0.26, 0.14, p-value = 0.553) while adjusted OR risk difference was −0.24 (95% CI −0.50, 0.02, p-value = 0.067). Unadjusted UPCR mean was −0.29 (95% CI −0.77, 0.17, p-value = 0.210) and adjusted UPCR mean was −0.27 (95% CI −0.88, 0.32, p-value = 0.366).

Conclusions

The induction treatment with either IVCYC or MMF had similar efficacy in Thai LN patients. The decision of treatment should be taken by applying an individualized therapeutic strategy and balancing risks, costs, and benefits.
Effects of Exposure to Medical Model and Social Model Online Constructions of Disability on Attitudes Toward Wheelchair Users: Results from an Online Experiment
Authors: Sofokleous Rafael , Stylianou Stelios
Published: January 2023

Building on theoretical foundations from communication and disability studies, we ran an online experiment to study the influence of online constructions corresponding to the medical and social models of disability on attitudes toward wheelchair users. We recruited students from a public university in the Mediterranean region and, after a pretest on their attitudes toward wheelchair users, we had them read social media posts and online news items that corresponded to the medical model (medical experimental group), the social model (social experimental group) or were neutral (control group). The participants received the stimuli via email during a five-day period after the pretest and were then posttested. Pro-social stimuli produced a significant mild change in the expected direction, while the corresponding effect of pro-medical stimuli was not significant. Both social and medical group posttest means were significantly different from the control group posttest mean, suggesting that exposure to online constructions based on both models influences attitudes toward disability. A repeat posttest, administered one week after the posttest, showed stability of the observed changes. The study adds to the limited existing knowledge about the influence of online constructions on attitudes toward persons with disabilities.
State Labor Laws and Government Responsiveness to Public Opinion
Authors: DiSalvo Daniel , Flavin Patrick , Hartney Michael
Published: January 2023

We investigate the effects of states’ labor laws, which can enhance or diminish the political power of public and private sector labor unions, on government responsiveness to public opinion. Drawing on newly developed measures of public opinion and policy liberalism in the US states over time, we leverage differences in the timing of law enactments across the states and find that labor laws impact government responsiveness in distinct ways. States that adopt right-to-work laws that lessen private sector union influence enact economic policies that are more conservative than public opinion, whereas states that adopt mandatory collective bargaining laws for public sector employees enact economic policies that are more liberal than opinion. These findings are consistent across a variety of different model specifications, timeframes, and measurement techniques and have substantively important implications for understanding the impact of government policies on the power of organized interests and the dynamics of political representation in American democracy.
rcm: A command for the regression control method
Authors: Yan Guanpeng , Chen Qiang
Published: January 2023

The regression control method, also known as the panel-data approach for program evaluation (Hsiao, Ching, and Wan, 2012, Journal of Applied Econometrics 27: 705–740; Hsiao and Zhou, 2019, Journal of Applied Econometrics 34: 463–481), is a convenient method for causal inference in panel data that exploits cross-sectional correlation to construct counterfactual outcomes for a single treated unit by linear regression. In this article, we present the rcm command, which efficiently implements the regression control method with or without covariates. Available methods for model selection include best subset, lasso, and forward stepwise and backward stepwise regression, while available selection criteria include the corrected Akaike information criterion, the Akaike information criterion, the Bayesian information criterion, the modified Bayesian information criterion, and cross-validation. Estimation and counterfactual predictions can be made by ordinary least squares, lasso, or postlasso ordinary least squares. For statistical inference, both the in-space placebo test using fake treatment units and the in-time placebo test using a fake treatment time can be implemented. The rcm command produces a series of graphs for visualization along the way. We demonstrate the use of the rcm command by revisiting classic examples of political and economic integration between Hong Kong and mainland China (Hsiao, Ching, and Wan 2012) and German reunification (Abadie, Diamond, and Hainmueller, 2015, American Journal of Political Science 59: 495–510).
Conditional evaluation of predictive models: The cspa command
Authors: Li Jia , Liao Zhipeng , Quaedvlieg Rogier , Zhou Wenyu
Published: January 2023

In this article, we introduce a new command, cspa, that implements the conditional superior predictive ability test developed in Li, Liao, and Quaedvlieg (2022, Review of Economic Studies 89: 843–875). With the conditional performance of predictive methods measured nonparametrically by the conditional expectation functions of their predictive losses, we test the null hypothesis that a benchmark model weakly outperforms a collection of competitors uniformly across the conditioning space. The proposed command can implement this test for both independent cross-sectional data and serially dependent time-series data. Confidence sets for the most superior model can be obtained by inverting the test, for which the cspa command also offers a convenient implementation.
Growing amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: The interplay among transformational leadership in government, public trust, and posttraumatic growth
Authors: Yang Hong Mian , Tong Kwok Kit , Chen Juliet Honglei , Yu Eilo Wing-yat , Wu Anise M. S.
Published: January 2023

Individuals may experience positive changes or gain growths after struggling with traumas or challenging circumstances such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess potential levels of posttraumatic growth (PTG) of the general public during the COVID-19 pandemic and PTG's associations with perceptions of transformational leadership in local government and public trust. The data of a probability sample of 1011 community-dwelling adults (61.2% females; Mean age = 41.2 years, SD = 15.8) in Macao, China, were collected via a telephone poll survey. Multiple regression analyses were conducted and a bootstrapping approach was utilized to test the hypothesized moderating effects and mediating effects of trust in local government on the association between perceived transformational leadership and PTG, respectively. Results showed that about half of the respondents reported at least a medium level of PTG. Whereas perceived transformational leadership in the Macao local government was positively associated with four individual aspects of PTG (i.e., appreciation of life, new possibilities, personal strength, and relating to others) as well as the overall PTG, while controlling for the demographic variables, trust in the local government showed no moderating or mediating effects in these associations. Our findings suggest the value of governments’ transformational leadership in promoting people's PTG in the face of public crises such as COVID-19. More transformational leadership behaviors, such as attending to citizens’ personal needs and conveying an inspirational vision, in government are called for to bring about greater positive responses from individuals and ensure social vitality and resilience during this long-term public health battle.
Motives for spousal involvement in a Partner’s diabetes management: Considering the role of gender and links to diet-related involvement
Authors: Gerwitz Geneva C , August Kristin J , Markey Charlotte N
Published: January 2023

Using data from 148 middle-aged and older adult spouses whose partners had type 2 diabetes, we sought to examine spouses’ motives for involvement in their partners’ diabetes management and whether these motives were related to common types of diabetes-related spousal involvement; we also sought to understand gender differences in these dynamics. Spouses indicated being motivated to be involved in their partners’ diabetes management due to altruistic motives to the greatest extent and egoistic motives to the least extent. Results from multivariable regression analyses that controlled for gender, marital quality, and spouses’ own conditions requiring dietary changes revealed that all types of motives were related to the frequency of providing diet-related spousal support, whereas only egoistic motives were related to the frequency of exerting diet-related spousal control. We did not find gender differences in any motives nor in associations with spousal involvement. Findings have potential implications for couples-oriented chronic illness interventions.
An evaluation of clinical psychology input into burns multidisciplinary follow-up clinics
Authors: Potter Melissa , Aaron David , Mumford Rachel , Ward Lucy
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Research highlights the complex psychological needs that patients and their families can face following a burn injury, regardless of the objective severity of the injury and often beyond the timeframe of physical healing. Identification of psychological needs at different stages post-burn recovery is therefore a key role of clinical psychologists working in burn care services.

Method

This paper presents audit data collected across a two-year period in routine paediatric and adult multidisciplinary team follow-up clinics in a UK burns service. 808 clinical contacts (331 adults, 477 paediatrics) were recorded. Data gathered related to the identification of patient and/or family psychological need and the level of psychology input within clinic.

Results

For 43% of adult patients and 46% of paediatric patients seen in clinic, some degree of psychological need for the patient and/or family was identified during the consultation. A large majority of concerns related directly to the burn injury. This is consistent with previous research into the psychological impact of burns. Even for patients with no identified psychological needs, psychology presence enabled the opportunity for brief screening, preventative advice or signposting to take place during clinic.

Discussion

A substantial number of individuals and families presented with some level of psychological concern in relation to a burn injury when attending burns multidisciplinary team follow-up clinics.

Conclusion

A substantial number of patients and families presented with psychological needs in relation to a burn injury when attending burns MDT follow-up clinics. The presence of Clinical Psychologists at burns MDT follow-up clinics is beneficial for the identification of burns and non-burns related psychological concerns and is a valuable use of psychological resources within a burns service.

Lay Summary

The Regional Burns Centre holds regular outpatient scar clinics to monitor recovery and healing. As well as the medical professionals, the clinics are joined by Clinical Psychologists who can assess, refer, and support individuals struggling with their burn or scarring on a mental level. Over 15 months, data was collected about patients attending the clinics and the involvement of the psychologists. 43% of adult patients and 46% of paediatric patients were identified as having some psychological need, either related to their burn or to other aspects of their life. This demonstrates the benefits of having psychology presence within scar clinics, as nearly half of the patients seen in clinic received an assessment and further support (such as signposting and referrals to psychological support). Burns staff also felt that psychology presence enhanced conversations and increased collaboration with decision making around treatment.