bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distributed H∞ Method Design and Operation using Dis- tributed Computing
Authors: Shaheer Sanaul , P.B Jayaraj
Published: July 2023

Control systems have two significant components: controllers and filters. Controllers are used to control the output while filters are used to estimate the internal state of a system from a series of noisy output measurements. The design of both require modelling, i.e the formulation of a mathematical model, taking into account all the dynamics of the system. There are several model based, “optimal” controllers and filters, such as the Kalman filter. However, when subjected to unaccounted errors, their performance suffers. “Robust” methods, such as H∞ methods for control and filtering, are capable of providing satisfactory performance, with respect to a performance parameter, even in the presence of noise. They are extensively used in sensitive applications such as spacecraft navigation, where a model cannot possibly account for all the errors. Their design requires convex optimization to minimize a convex function with respect to Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI). In large scale convex optimization problems, centralized algorithms cannot work satisfactorily, due to slow convergence, and the need for a system with high performance and large memory. Distributed algorithms solve this practical constraint on convex optimization problems. However, current distributed algorithms are centralized and capable of convex optimization only within an infinite time horizon, offering sub-optimal results in finite time. In this project, we attempt to develop a distributed infinite-horizon algorithm which converges to an accurate value within a feasible number of iterations, and offers a speedup of at least 50% over traditional methods.
RSA Based Consensus Algorithm for Lightweight Private Blockchain Network
Authors: Gupta Nishant , Jain Ankit Kumar
Published: July 2023

Consensus algorithms are essential for achieving agreement among nodes in blockchain systems. However, traditional consensus algorithms such as Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS) can be resource-intensive and unsuitable for lightweight private blockchain applications. This paper proposes using the RSA (Rivest–Shamir–Adleman) encryption algorithm as a consensus algorithm for a lightweight private blockchain in the context of a college placement system. RSA offers several advantages over traditional consensus algorithms, including simplicity, efficiency, and security. Moreover, RSA can be implemented on resource-constrained nodes, making it a promising solution for lightweight blockchain applications. The resource constrained nodes are students, academic department, training and placement cell department, and placement cell coordinator. The company acts as a client. The movement of the student’s data to companies is recorded as transactions on the distributed ledger or blockchain, allowing the student to track its progress.
Die Pupille
Authors: Corts Magga
Published: July 2023

In dieser DHZ-Ausgabe beschäftigt sich die Rubrik „Funktionelle Anatomie“ mit der Pupille.
Chylöser Aszites bei NSCLC: Nicht alles ist maligne, was maligne aussieht
Authors: Uhlenbruch Mark , Bärmann Marie-Kristin , Bertram Volker , Krüger Stefan
Published: July 2023

Die Ätiologie chylöser Aszites ist multifaktoriell. Maligne Grunderkrankungen, Leberzirrhose, Traumata, Lymphanomalien und Mykobakteriosen sind die häufigsten Ursachen. Bei NSCLC wird chylöser Aszites bei einer peritonealen Metastasierung oder abdomineller Lymphknotenmetastasen beobachtet.

RET-Alterationen treten bei 1–2% der NSCLC-Patienten auf und können seit kurzem zielgerichtet therapiert werden.

Unsere Kasuistik zeigt, dass neue zielgerichtete Therapien die Prognose revolutionieren, uns aber vor die Herausforderung neuer und teils unbekannter Nebenwirkungen stellen.
Delphi-Experten-Konsens der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie über
die anatomische Segmentresektion bei nicht kleinzelligem Lungenkarzinom
Authors: Koryllos Aris , Veit Stefanie , Schega Olaf , Leschber Gunda , Ludwig Corinna
Published: July 2023

Hintergrund: Jüngste Ergebnisse aus 2 kürzlich veröffentlichten randomisierten
kontrollierten Studien haben günstige onkologische Ergebnisse der Segmentektomie bei NSCLC
im Frühstadium < 2 cm gezeigt. Dies hat zu einem wachsenden Interesse an diesem
Verfahren geführt, das jedoch im Vergleich zur Lobektomie als technisch anspruchsvoller
angesehen wird. Ziel des Arbeitskreises der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie
(DGT) war es, in einem Expertenkonsensusprojekt Themen zur Implementierung der
Segmentektomie in der Lungenkrebschirurgie zu bearbeiten.

Methoden: Die beauftragte Gruppe der DGT konzipierte und führte 2 elektronische
Fragerunden in allen großen Thorax- und Lungenkrebszentren in Deutschland durch. Die
Lenkungsgruppe legte a priori eine Konsensschwelle von 75% oder mehr fest. Die Ergebnisse
wurden in einem Expertentreffen diskutiert, das zu einer abschließenden Delphi-Umfrage für
ausgewählte Themenfragen führte.

Ergebnisse: 38 Fragen zur Segmentektomie bei NSCLC wurden in 2 Runden
vorgeschlagen und zur Abstimmung gestellt. Nach dem abschließenden Delphi-Prozess wurde
ein Konsens zu folgenden Themen erzielt: Nichtunterlegenheit der Segmentektomie vs.
Lobektomie bei Tumoren < 2 cm, Segmentektomie als Alternative bei funktionell nicht
durchführbarer Lobektomie, Einsatz intraoperativer Techniken zur Identifizierung
intersegmentaler Grenzen. Zu Themen wie Schnellschnitt zur intraoperativen
Radikalitätsabklärung sowie zur Indikation einer erneuten Lobektomie bei okkultem
N1-Lymphknotenstatus konnte kein Konsens erzielt werden.

Abschluss: Unser Manuskript zeigt die Ergebnisse eines Delphi-Prozesses 2020/2021
unter Beteiligung von Experten der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie zur
Durchführung der Segmentektomie bei Lungenkrebspatienten. Generell wurde für die Mehrzahl
der Themen zur Indikation und Durchführung der Lungensegmentektomie eine sehr hohe
Konsensrate dokumentiert.
Wichtige iridologische Begriffe in dieser DHZ-Ausgabe
Authors: Jahn Claus
Published: July 2023

Die in dem Glossar aufgeführten Begriffe sind nicht alphabetisch, sondern mehrheitlich nach inhaltlichen Zusammenhängen geordnet.
Venous Free Flap with Interposition Bypass Graft for Arteriovenous Fistula Preservation: A Case Report
Authors: Awaida Cyril , Aribert Marion , Weger Natalie , Keck Kendall , Odobescu Andrei
Published: July 2023

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) overlying an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is rare and presents unique challenges. This case report describes a method of fistula preservation after CSCC excision using a flow-through venous free flap. The saphenous vein of the venous flap was used as flow-through segment for AVF preservation. The flap was inserted along the dorsal aspect of the forearm wound and microvascular anastomosis of the arterial inflow was completed using a vein just proximal to the radiocephalic fistula anastomosis. Venous outflow was established by creating an end-to-end vascular anastomosis between the cephalic vein and the greater saphenous vein. A separate subcutaneous vein was used to provide a low-pressure outflow for the flap to avoid congestion. This case demonstrates an option for AVF preservation that has not been previously described. It also highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for the safe treatment of CSCCs overlying AVFs.
Sonographic demonstration of the sulci and gyri on the convex surface in normal fetuses using 3D-ICRV rendering technology
Authors: Chen Zhixuan , Ma Ya , Wen Huaxuan , Liao Yimei , Ouyang yan , Liang BoCheng , Liang Meiling , Li Shengli
Published: July 2023

Purpose To demonstrate morphological alteration of the sulci and gyri on the convex surface in normal fetuses using innovative three-dimensional inversion and Crystalvue and Realisticvue (3D-ICRV) rendering technology.

Materials and Methods 3D fetal brain volumes were collected from low-risk singleton pregnancies between 15+0 and 35+6 gestational weeks. Volumes were acquired from the transthalamic axial plane by transabdominal ultrasonography and were then post-processed with Crystalvue, Realisticvue rendering software and inversion mode. Volume quality was assessed. The anatomic definition of the sulci and gyri was determined according to location and orientation. The morphology alteration and sulcus display rates were recorded in sequential order of gestational weeks. Follow-up data were collected in all cases.

Results 294 of 300 fetuses (294 brain volumes) (98%) with qualified fetal brain volumes were included (n=294, median 27 gestational weeks). 6 fetuses with unsatisfactory 3D-ICRV image quality were excluded. The morphology of the sulci and gyri on the brain convex surface could be demonstrated clearly on 3D-ICRV images. The Sylvian fissure was the first structure to be recognized. From 25 to 30 weeks, other sulci and gyri became visible. An ascending trend in the display rate of the sulci was found in this period. Follow-up showed no detectable anomalies.

Conclusion 3D-ICRV rendering technology is different from traditional 3D ultrasound. It can provide vivid and intuitive prenatal visualization of the sulci and gyri on the brain surface. Moreover, it may offer new ideas for neurodevelopment exploration.
Pediatric and Adult Liver Disease in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency
Authors: Ruiz Mathias , Lacaille Florence , Schrader Christina , Pons Monica , Socha Piotr , Krag Aleksander , Sturm Ekkehard , Bouchecareilh Marion , Strnad Pavel
Published: July 2023

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) arises due to inherited variants in SERPINA1, the AAT gene that impairs the production or secretion of this hepatocellular protein and leads to a gain-of-function liver proteotoxicity. Homozygous Pi*Z pathogenic variant (Pi*ZZ genotype) is the leading cause of severe AATD. It manifests in 2 to 10% of carriers as neonatal cholestasis and 20 to 35% of adults as significant liver fibrosis. Both children and adults may develop an end-stage liver disease requiring liver transplantation. Heterozygous Pi*Z pathogenic variant (Pi*MZ genotype) constitutes an established disease modifier. Our review summarizes the natural history and management of subjects with both pediatric and adult AATD-associated liver disease. Current findings from a phase 2 clinical trial indicate that RNA silencing may constitute a viable therapeutic approach for adult AATD. In conclusion, AATD is an increasingly appreciated pediatric and adult liver disorder that is becoming an attractive target for modern pharmacologic strategies.
Photoredox Defluorinative Silylation of α-Trifluoromethyl Arylalkenes Using Silacarboxylic Acids as Silyl Radical Precursors
Authors: Jin Zhichao , Ren Shichao , Zhang Yi , Nie Guihua
Published: July 2023

A photoredox defluorinative silylation of α-trifluoromethyl arylalkenes for rapid access to useful gem-difluoroalkenes is disclosed. Stable and easily prepared silacarboxylic acids are used as silyl radical precursors in a photocatalytic decarboxylative process. The mild conditions and operational simplicity make our method a straightforward strategy to construct gem-difluoroalkenes bearing various functional groups, and a powerful strategy for incorporating a gem-difluoroalkene moiety into natural products and drug molecules.
Recent Developments in Photocatalytic Reduction of Nitro Compounds to Valuable Scaffolds
Authors: Selvaraj Manickam , Verma Praveen Kumar , Aggarwal Varun , Bala Ekta , Saima Saima , Pathan Sameer , Guleria Saksham , Sharma Sakshi
Published: July 2023

The reduction of nitro compounds is one of the fundamental organic transformations and ascertain wide applicability in industrial chemistry, synthesis of valuable scaffolds, fine chemical synthesis, as well as environmental applicability for decontamination process. The transformation involves the conversion of nitro compounds into valuable scaffolds including amino, nitroso, hydroxyl amines, azo, and hydrazo compounds. Conventional approaches for the reduction of nitro compounds involves the environmentally harmful stoichiometric reagents, high-boiling reaction media, tedious processes, and harsh reaction conditions with high temperature and pressure. Additionally, the selectivity always remains a serious concern associated with the process due to the possibilities of several stable intermediate formation in the reaction pathway of reduction of nitro compounds. Nitro compounds are also of serious environmental concerns being a part of most harmful and high-priority classes of pollutants mainly released from industrial effluents, agricultural waste, and human sewage. A simple degradation of these pollutants bearing nitro group just removes the pollutants, however, the selective reduction of nitro group to valuable functionalities as mentioned above provides the industrially important scaffolds. With the advent of photocatalytic organic transformation, most of the scientific fraternity working in the area of organic synthesis, catalysis, and environmental decontaminations are utilizing the clean, green, low-temperature, energy and cost-effective, sustainable processes for the reduction of nitro compounds to access valuable scaffolds. Nowadays a lot of mechanistic developments in the field ease the processes for the developments of such highly valuable organic transformations. Herein, the present Account is focused on the recent developments in the photocatalytic reduction of nitro compounds to valuable scaffolds.

1 Introduction

2 Reduction of Nitro Compounds

2.1 Conventional Approaches for Reduction of Nitro Compounds

2.2 General Photocatalytic Mechanism

3 Mechanistic Pathways: Electrochemical, Conventional and Photocatalytic Approaches

3.1 Mechanism of Electrochemical Reduction of Nitroarene

3.2 Conventional Reduction Mechanism of Nitroarenes

3.3 General Photocatalytic Reduction Mechanism of Nitroarenes

4 Photocatalytic Reduction of Nitro Compounds to Valuable Scaffolds

4.1 Reduction of Nitro Compounds to Corresponding Amines

4.2 Reduction of Nitro Compounds to Azo Compounds

4.3 Reduction of Nitro Compounds to Azoxy Compounds

4.4 Reduction of Nitro Compounds to Nitroso Compounds

4.5 Reduction of Nitro Compounds to Hydroxyl Amines

5 Future Perspective

6 Conclusion
Photocatalytic 1,4-Addition of Aromatic Aldehydes or Ketones via Umpoled Carbinol Anions
Authors: Okumura Shintaro , Uozumi Yasuhiro , Takahashi Teruki , Torii Kaoru
Published: July 2023

A 1,4-addition reaction of aromatic aldehydes or ketones to electron-deficient olefins was achieved under photocatalytic conditions. In the reaction, an umpoled carbinol anion generated in situ through two successive one-electron reductions of the carbonyl compound reacted nucleophilically with the electron-deficient olefin. Various electron-deficient aromatic aldehydes and ketones successfully underwent the reaction to afford the corresponding γ-functionalized alcohols.
Stereoselective Ring-Opening Deacetonation Polymerization of Racemic 2,2,5-Trimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one by Using Homosalen–Aluminum Complexes: A Novel Approach to Isotactic ­Poly(rac-lactic acid)
Authors: Sakai Kazuho , Yagi Yusuke , Nomura Nobuyoshi
Published: July 2023

A novel approach is reported for the synthesis of the highly isotactic poly(racemic lactic acid) [P(rac-LAA)] from racemic 2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one by using achiral homosalen–Al catalysts. The polymerization proceeded through two steps: stereoselective ring-opening and deacetonation. The effects of substituents on the homosalen–Al catalyst were clarified regarding the polymerization rates and polydispersity of the obtained P(rac-LAA), but were still unclear regarding the iso-stereoselectivity. The P(rac-LAA) obtained by using an isopropyl-substituted homosalen–Al catalyst showed the highest isotacticity (P
m = 0.96), a moderate number-average molecular weight (M
n = 6,200), and broad polydispersity (PDI = 2.20). Differential scanning calorimetric measurements indicated that the polymer was semicrystalline with a melting temperature of 156 °C.
Fratura em fêmur irradiado de rato: Descrição de um modelo experimental e avaliação de sua eficácia
Authors: Soares Cláudio Beling Gonçalves , Araújo Ivana Duval de , Teixeira Luiz Eduardo Moreira , Michelin Márcia Antoniazi , Machado Carla Jorge , Silveira Marcelo Peixoto
Published: July 2023

Objetivo Nosso objetivo é descrever um modelo experimental para estudo de fraturas de fêmur em ratos após exposição a radiação ionizante, demonstrando uma forma de aplicação de uma substância para análise, o método de padronização de fratura e irradiação e a forma de avaliação de sua eficácia com base em estudos radiográficos.

Métodos Utilizamos 24 ratos divididos em dois grupos de 12 animais cada. O grupo ESTUDO foi exposto à radiação ionizante e tratado com soro fisiológico, enquanto o grupo CONTROLE não foi exposto à radiação e foi tratado com soro fisiológico. Todos os animais foram submetidos à fratura padronizada do fêmur direito e sua fixação com fio intramedular. A eficácia da consolidação óssea foi determinada por exame radiográfico.

Resultados A cicatrização de fraturas foi mais eficiente em ossos não expostos à radiação ionizante (p = 0,012). Todas as fraturas atenderam aos critérios de serem simples, diafisárias, transversas ou oblíquas curtas.

Conclusão O modelo experimental apresentado é uma boa alternativa para o estudo de fraturas em ossos irradiados em ratos.
The challenges to control epilepsy in an isolated indigenous tribe in Brazil's Amazon: 15 years of follow-up
Authors: Honorato Marcos Manoel , Cremaschi Renata Carvalho , Coelho Fernando Morgadinho Santos
Published: July 2023

Background Epilepsy is a common neurological disease that affects people all over the world, but it is rarely described in indigenous peoples.

Objective To study the epilepsy characteristics and risk factors for seizure control in people from an isolated indigenous population.

Methods This is a retrospective and historical cohort study conducted from 2003 to 2018 (15 years), at a neurology outpatient clinic, of 25 Waiwai tribes' indigenous individuals with epilepsy, inhabitants of an isolated forest reserve in the Amazon. Clinical aspects, background, comorbidities, exams, treatment, and response were studied. Factors that impacted seizure control over 24 months were identified using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox and Weibull regression models.

Results The majority of cases started in childhood, with no difference regarding gender. Focal epilepsies were predominant. Most patients had tonic-clonic seizures. A quarter of them had a family history, and 20% had referred febrile seizures. There was intellectual disability in 20% of patients. Neurological examination and psychomotor development were altered in one third of the participants. The treatment controlled 72% of the patients (monotherapy in 64%). Phenobarbital was the most prescribed anti-seizure medication, followed by carbamazepine and valproate. The most relevant factors that impacted seizure control over time were abnormal neurological exam and family history.

Conclusion Family history and abnormal neurological exam were predicted risk factors for refractory epilepsy. Even in an isolated indigenous tribe, the partnership between the indigenous people and the multidisciplinary team ensured treatment adherence. The public healthcare system must guarantee modern anti-seizure medications, mainly for this vulnerable population, which has no other source of treatment.
What’s in a name? Selection of common names among new and revised species of Australian mammals, and the case of the sugar glider†
Authors: Goldingay Ross L. , Jackson Stephen M. , Winter John W. , Harley Dan K. P. , Bilney Rohan J. , Quin Darren G. , Smith Geoffrey C. , Taylor Brendan D. , Kavanagh Rodney P.
Published: July 2023

The common names of species serve an important role in scientific and everyday communication, so well-constructed names should be easy to remember and convey important information about a species. The discovery of new species, or the revision and splitting of existing species, may lead to new or changed common names. We review new common names given to Australian mammal species described, or recognised, since the year 2000. We reference the principles adopted by the Australian Mammal Society in 1980, formulated to guide the selection of common names. Of 31 new species, 25 had common names that referenced their morphology, geographic location or ecosystem, one had an indigenous name and five involved eponyms (named after a person). Three of the eponyms reflected the animal’s specific name, one was given after consultation with indigenous cultural experts, and one was named after the collector of the specimen. We argue that the recommended common name for this latter species (Petaurus notatus) was inconsistent with the long-standing principles of the Australian Mammal Society for selecting common names, so we offer an alternative name, the inland sugar glider. Common names may be subservient to scientific names but they play an important role, and therefore, should be selected very carefully and be consistent with established principles.
On the transfer of energy in the reflection of waves traveling in strings by a moving obstacle
Authors: Roatta A , Welti R
Published: July 2023

In this work, we analyze the force exerted by a wave of finite duration on a moving obstacle. If the obstacle moves against the incident wave, the energy of the reflected pulse is greater than the energy of the incident pulse. This is not a violation of the principle of conservation of energy. We will show that the obstacle delivers energy to the wave in an amount equal to the difference between the energies of the incident and the reflected pulse. If we attribute an impulse to the wave, then the force exerted on the obstacle can be interpreted as being due to the change in momentum of the wave. Our discussion in the framework of waves on strings can serve to introduce this topic in introductory science courses. We can easily visualize these waves, and for this reason waves on strings are used to clarify wave motion in other media.
Design of single-mode single-circularly polarized chiral anti-resonant fiber for the communication band
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Liu Xingguang , Zhao Rui , Li Junqing
Published: July 2023

We propose a design of anti-resonant fiber (ARF) involving the introduction of chiral material into the inner regions of six germanium-doped silica glass cladding tubes, which can support the operation of single-mode single left-handed circular polarization in the communication band from 1.540 to 1.605 µm. In particular, the loss reaches a minimum value of 0.009 dB m−1 at 1.550 µm. The sign of the chiral parameter can control the handedness of polarization in the operation of single-mode single-circular polarization. In addition, the ARF possesses a good bending resistance performance. The minimum bending radius of the ARF is 10 

cm

to maintain the single-mode single left-handed circular polarization for 1.550 µm. We believe the novel ARF can find applications in optical communication, polarization imaging and chiral sensing.
Hydrodynamic model of heavy-ion collisions with low momentum components
Authors: Monnai Akihiko
Published: July 2023

Relativistic heavy-ion collisions suggest that low-momentum regions of the observed particle spectra are thermal and hydrodynamic, while medium-high momentum regions are non-thermal and perturbative. In this study, I construct a hydrodynamic model of heavy-ion collisions by cutting off the medium-high momentum contributions and investigate the phenomenological consequences. Numerical simulations indicate that the temperature of the quark matter can be higher at earlier times owing to the modification of the equation of state. It is also suggested that direct photon elliptic flow can be sensitive to the momentum dependence of thermalization.
Thermal resistance network model for thermal conductivity of normal liquid helium-4 and helium-3
Authors: Huang Dan , Zhong Jinxing , Raza Saqlain , Niu Ran , Fu Baishan , Yu Dapeng , Nakayama Tsuneyoshi , Liu Jun , Zhou Jun
Published: July 2023

Liquid heliums are intriguing substance. Superfluid states below certain critical temperatures, notably liquid helium-4 and helium-3 exhibit ultra-high thermal conductivity ( TC) in the superfluid phase. However, the microscopic origin of the TC of liquid heliums in the normal phase remains unclear. In this work, we employ the thermal resistance network model to calculate the thermal conductivities of normal liquid helium-4 (He I) and helium-3. Predicted values are not only in good agreement with the measurements but also reproduce the experimental trend of TC increasing with temperature and pressure.
Anatomy of localisation protected quantum order on Hilbert space
Authors: Roy Sthitadhi
Published: July 2023

Many-body localised (MBL) phases of disordered, interacting quantum systems allow for exotic localisation protected quantum order in eigenstates at arbitrarily high energy densities. In this work, we analyse the manifestation of such order on the Hilbert-space anatomy of eigenstates. Quantified in terms of non-local Hilbert-spatial correlations of eigenstate amplitudes, we find that the spread of the eigenstates on the Hilbert-space graph is directly related to the order parameters which characterise the localisation protected order, and hence these correlations, in turn, characterise the order or lack thereof. Higher-point eigenstate correlations also characterise the different entanglement structures in the many-body localised phases, with and without order, as well as in the ergodic phase. The results pave the way for characterising the transitions between MBL phases and the ergodic phase in terms of scaling of emergent correlation lengthscales on the Hilbert-space graph.
High performance symmetric reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline/tellurium supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Habib Hameem , Wani Irfan Samad , Husain Samina
Published: July 2023

The aim of this work is to overcome the problem of agglomeration and volumetric changes observed in reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites responsible for inferior capacitive performance. The synergistic effect of optimized rGO, PANI and tellurium (Te) ternary nanocomposite was investigated for the electrochemical performances for the energy storage devices. For this purpose, the electrochemical test was performed at low molar 0.1M H2SO4 concentration of aqueous electrolyte in a two-electrode cell assembly. The electrochemical studies showed that the specific capacitance of 564F g−1 is attained in rGO/PANI nanocomposite electrode cell whose capacitive performance showed an increase by adding different concentration of Te. The maximum specific capacitance of 895 F g−1 at 10 mV s−1 was observed in rGO/PANI/Te50 (GPT50) with negligible charge transfer resistance, knee frequency ∼466.63 Hz, low response time ∼17.39 s, high coulombic efficiency ∼92% and high energy and power densities of 41

Wh

kg

−1 and 3679

W

kg

−1 with cyclic stability of ∼91% after 5000 GCCD cycles respectively. The electrochemical performances result of the electrode material indicated that the combination of Te with rGO and PANI can be used to enhance the supercapacitor performances of the rGO/PANI nanocomposite electrodes. This novel composition has overall improved the electrochemical studies of the electrode materials and thus can be used as a suitable candidate for supercapacitor devices.
Single-step fabrication of hybrid germanium-gold/silver nanoentities by femtosecond laser ablation and applications in SERS-based sensing
Authors: Rathod Jagannath , Moram Sree Satya Bharati , Chandu Byram , Albrycht Paweł , Soma Venugopal Rao
Published: July 2023

We present a simple, fast, and single-step approach for fabricating hybrid semiconductor-metal nanoentities through liquid-assisted ultrafast (∼50 fs, 1 kHz, 800 nm) laser ablation. Femtosecond (fs) ablation of Germanium (Ge) substrate was executed in (i) distilled water (ii) silver nitrate (AgNO3—3, 5, 10 mM) (iii) Chloroauric acid (HAuCl4—3, 5, 10 mM), yielding the formation of pure Ge, hybrid Ge-silver (Ag), Ge-gold (Au) nanostructures (NSs) and nanoparticles (NPs). The morphological features and corresponding elemental compositions of Ge, Ge-Ag, and Ge-Au NSs/NPs have been conscientiously studied using different characterization techniques. Most importantly, the deposition of Ag/Au NPs on the Ge substrate and their size variation were thoroughly investigated by changing the precursor concentration. By increasing the precursor concentration (from 3 mM to 10 mM), the deposited Au NPs and Ag NPs’ size on the Ge nanostructured surface was increased from ∼46 nm to ∼100 nm and from ∼43 nm to ∼70 nm, respectively. Subsequently, the as-fabricated hybrid (Ge-Au/Ge-Ag) NSs were effectively utilized to detect diverse hazardous molecules (e.g. picric acid and thiram) via the technique of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Our findings revealed that the hybrid SERS substrates achieved at 5 mM precursor concentration of Ag (denoted as Ge-5Ag) and Au (denoted as Ge-5Au) had demonstrated superior sensitivity with the enhancement factors of ∼2.5 × 104, 1.38 × 104 (for PA), and ∼9.7 × 105 and 9.2 × 104 (for thiram), respectively. Interestingly, the Ge-5Ag substrate has exhibited ∼10.5 times higher SERS signals than the Ge-5Au substrate.
Parametric study of the silver nanoparticles deposition on polyelectrolyte supporting layers
Authors: Kulakovich Olga , Shirokaya Alina , Muravitskaya Alina
Published: July 2023

Colloidal nanoparticles deposition on polyelectrolyte (PE) supporting layers is a widespread technique to achieve high density nanoparticle coatings, however the choice of the parameters is often not consistent and varies in different reports. Frequently the obtained films suffer from the aggregation and non-reproducibility. Here, we addressed the main variables in silver nanoparticles deposition—the immobilization time; concentration of the PE in the solution; the thickness of PE underlayer and overlayer; the concentration of salt in the PE solution during the formation of a underlayer. We report on the formation of the high-density silver nanoparticle films and ways to tune their optical density in the wide range using the immobilization time as well as the thickness of PE overlayer. Silver colloidal films with maximum reproducibility were obtained by adsorption of nanoparticles on 1 underlayer of 5 g l−1 polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride with 0.5 M NaCl concentration. The results are promising for the fabrication of the reproducible colloidal silver films for multiple applications, such as plasmon enhanced fluorescent immunoassays and surface enhanced Raman scattering sensors.
Coexistence of tetragonal and cubic phase induced complex magnetic behaviour in CoMn2O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Rajput Sanjna , Yadav Manish , Dehury Taranga , Yadav Akhilesh Kumar , Sahoo Pratap Kumar , Rath Chandana
Published: July 2023

CoMn2O4, known for its extensive range of applications, has been subject to limited investigations regarding its structure dependent magnetic properties. Here, we have examined the structure dependent magnetic properties of CoMn2O4 nanoparticles synthesized through a facile coprecipitation technique and are characterized using x-ray diffractometer, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), RAMAN spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and magnetic measurements. Rietveld refinement of the x-ray diffraction pattern reveals the coexistence of 91.84% of tetragonal and 8.16% of cubic phase. The cation distribution for tetragonal and cubic phases are (Co0.94Mn0.06)[Co0.06Mn1.94]O4 and (Co0.04Mn0.96)[Co0.96Mn1.04]O4, respectively. While Raman spectra and selected area electron diffraction pattern confirm the spinel structure, both +2 and +3 oxidation states for Co and Mn confirmed by XPS further corroborate the cation distribution. Magnetic measurement shows two magnetic transitions, Tc1 at 165 K and Tc2 at 93 K corresponding to paramagnetic to a lower magnetically ordered ferrimagnetic state followed by a higher magnetically ordered ferrimagnetic state, respectively. While Tc1 is attributed to the cubic phase having inverse spinel structure, Tc2 corresponds to the tetragonal phase with normal spinel. In contrast to general temperature dependent H
C observed in ferrimagnetic material, an unusual temperature dependent H
C with high spontaneous exchange bias of 2.971 kOe and conventional exchange bias of 3.316 kOe at 50 K are observed. Interestingly, a high vertical magnetization shift (VMS) of 2.5 emu g−1 is observed at 5 K, attributed to the Yafet–Kittel spin structure of Mn3+ in the octahedral site. Such unusual results are discussed on the basis of competition between the non-collinear triangular spin canting configuration of Mn3+ cations of octahedral sites and collinear spins of tetrahedral site. The observed VMS has the potential to revolutionize the future of ultrahigh density magnetic recording technology.
Design study for a compact, two-stage, laser-plasma-based source of positron beams
Authors: Amorim Lígia D , Benedetti Carlo , Bulanov Stepan S , Terzani Davide , Huebl Axel , Schroeder Carl B , Vay Jean-Luc , Esarey Eric
Published: July 2023

Owing to their large accelerating gradients, plasma-based accelerators have attracted considerable interest as potential drivers for future, compact electron–positron colliders. Despite great progress achieved in plasma-based electron acceleration, positron acceleration still remains a challenging task, with an efficient positron source being the prerequisite for such acceleration. Here a concept for a compact, two-stage plasma-based positron source is discussed. In the first stage the positrons are created by a multi GeV electron beam produced by a laser-plasma accelerator interacting with a solid density foil. In the second stage the positrons are captured and accelerated in a plasma wave driven by either an electron beam or a laser pulse. Three potential configurations of such a source are considered: (i) a single electron beam is used for both the creation of positrons in the foil and for driving the wakefield in the second stage; (ii) a train of two electron beams is used: the positrons produced by the trailing beam in the foil are captured and accelerated in the second stage by the plasma wave generated by the leading beam; and (iii) a single electron beam is used to produce positrons in the foil and an independent laser pulse is coupled to the second stage to drive the plasma wave. These three configurations show different degrees of effectiveness with positron capture efficiency, varying from less than a percent to almost half of all produced positrons.
The effects of compliant support on the dynamics of a dielectric elastomer actuator: a parametric study
Authors: Cao Chongjing , Wu Chuang , Li Xiaozheng , Gao Xing
Published: July 2023

The resonant actuation of dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) can greatly amplify the power outputs and energy efficiencies and has facilitated numerous applications in soft robotics. In many circumstances, the DEAs are mounted on robotic bodies that are made of soft materials or compliant structures. Such compliant supports can demonstrate an equivalent stiffness and inertia comparable to the DEAs, thereby complicating the dynamics of the DEAs and threatening the performance and controllability of the soft robots by introducing additional degrees of freedom to the systems. Toward the goal of achieving reliable and controllable resonating actuation of the DEAs on soft robots, the effects of compliant supports on the dynamics of DEAs require dedicated investigations. By adopting a double cone DEA configuration, this work conducts a comprehensive study on the dynamics of a double cone DEA-compliant support system. A nonlinear dynamic model of the double cone DEA-compliant support system is developed. Together with experimental studies, the dynamics of the system in different support configurations are characterized and the influences of the key parameters in the system are clarified. The key findings of this work can potentially guide the designs of future high-performance DEA-driven soft robots.
Optimization of the superconducting properties of NbTiN thin films by variation of the N2 partial pressure during sputter deposition
Authors: Pratap Pratiksha , Nanda Laxmipriya , Senapati Kartik , Aloysius R P , Achanta Venugopal
Published: July 2023

We report the effect of nitrogen partial pressure on the growth of niobium-titanium nitride (NbTiN) thin films through reactive sputtering of the NbTi target in the presence of Ar and N2 atmosphere. The N2 partial pressure was varied from 5.8% to 15.15% with respect to the Ar flow available in the chamber. We measured a critical temperature (T
C) as high as 15.77 K for an N2 partial pressure of 6.8% for a 50 nm film deposited on an MgO substrate. The epitaxial growth of the NbTiN films is evident from the observed (200) and (400) XRD peaks with respect to the substrate. The superconducting properties were analyzed with respect to the observed values of T
C, ΔT
C, temperature dependence of the upper critical field (B
C2), coherence length (ξ), diffusion coefficient (D), and the thermally activated flux flow behavior following the Arrhenius equation. The T
C variation observed for the entire spectrum of N2 partial pressure variation is ∼11%, with T
C getting saturated towards the higher end of the N2 content. While the T
C variation with respect to N2 content is non-linear, the variation of B
C2(0), diffusion coefficient, and zero temperature coherence length ξ(0) show a linear dependence. While the B
C2(0) values show an increasing trend, D and ξ(0) values show a decreasing trend with respect to the increase of N2 partial pressure. It is concluded that the optimum window of N2 partial pressure for the reactive sputtering of NbTiN using a target of Nb0.7Ti0.3 for the present experimental conditions, in terms of epitaxial growth and obtaining the highest T
C is within the range of 5.8% to 8.51%.
Nonreciprocal single-photon state conversion between microwave and optical modes in a hybrid magnonic system
Authors: Xie Jikun , Ma Shengli , Ren Yalong , Li Xinke , Gao Shaoyan , Li Fuli
Published: July 2023

Coherent quantum transduction between microwave and optical signals is of great importance for long-distance quantum communication. Here we propose a novel scheme for the implementation of nonreciprocal single-photon state conversion between microwave and optical modes based on a hybrid magnonic system. A yttrium–iron–garnet (YIG) sphere with both the optomechanical and the optomagnetic properties is exploited to couple with a three-dimensional superconducting microwave resonator. The magnetostatic mode of the YIG sphere is treated as an intermediate to interact with the microwave and optical modes simultaneously. By manipulating the amplitudes and phase differences between the couplings via external driving fields, we show that the nonreciprocal microwave-light single-photon state conversion can be realized via the quantum interference effect.
A novel and holistic approach for experimental x-ray fundamental parameter determination—the Ru L-shell
Authors: Hönicke Philipp
Published: July 2023

The present work aims to improve both the experimental and the data evaluation procedures necessary for a determination of L-subshell atomic fundamental parameters (FPs). The main motivation lies in the fact that the established approach, consisting of a sequential evaluation of recorded transmission and fluorescence spectra in the vicinity of the three L-absorption edges, provides relatively large uncertainties for the Coster–Kronig (CK) factors. Up to now, reliable uncertainty budgets were in the order of 15%–100% and more. The novel holistic evaluation procedure addresses these large uncertainties, by employing a much larger experimental dataset extending far above the L1 absorption edge and a combined evaluation approach for a more reliable determination of the CK factors. Here, using the Ru-L shells as an example, their uncertainties are reduced to under 15%. In addition, this enables also the determination of other relevant FP data, such as the L-subshell Auger yields, the L-subshell photoionization cross sections as well as the L-subshell fluorescence production cross sections with significantly lower uncertainties as compared to the established approach.
From date syrup to three-dimensional graphene network
Authors: Abed Mayyadah , Al-Tamimi Basma , Saloum Ali
Published: July 2023

As a three-dimensional nano-material, graphene foam is regarded as an ideal choice for a wide array of critical applications due to its porous structure and high surface area. In this study, the main objective is a synthesis of graphene foam via a simple, low-cost, and eco-friendly approach. Graphene foam is synthesized from date syrup (DS), which is used as a carbon-enriched source using potassium chloride KCl particles as a scaffold on which graphene layers are built via dehydration and graphitization processes. Characteristic analyses have revealed that the Date-Derived-Graphene-Foam (DDGF) is indeed graphene material with G and D bands at 1598 cm−1 and 1350 cm−1, respectively, with a layered and porous structure. The lateral size of the obtained DDGF is determined as ∼6 nm. This quick, simple, and eco-friendly approach can be considered as having good potential in the high-yield production of graphene foam.
∞-structures in the integration of involutive distributions
Authors: Pan-Collantes A J , Ruiz A , Muriel C , Romero J L
Published: July 2023

For a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) or, more generally, an involutive distribution of vector fields, the problem of its integration is considered. Among the many approaches to this problem, solvable structures provide a systematic procedure of integration via Pfaffian equations that are integrable by quadratures. In this paper structures more general than solvable structures (named



∞

-structures) are considered. The symmetry condition in the concept of solvable structure is weakened for



∞

-structures by requiring their vector fields be just



∞

-symmetries. For



∞

-structures there is also an integration procedure, but the corresponding Pfaffian equations, although completely integrable, are not necessarily integrable by quadratures. The well-known result on the relationship between integrating factors and Lie point symmetries for first-order ODEs is generalized for



∞

-structures and involutive distributions of arbitrary corank by introducing symmetrizing factors. The role of these symmetrizing factors on the integrability by quadratures of the Pfaffian equations associated with the



∞

-structure is also established. Some examples that show how these objects and results can be applied in practice are also presented.
Model-dependent analysis method for energy budget of the cosmological first-order phase transition
Authors: Wang Xiao , Tian Chi , Huang Fa Peng
Published: July 2023

The kinetic energy of the fluid shell in the cosmological first-order phase transition is crucial for predicting the gravitational wave signals generated by the sound wave mechanism.
We propose a model-dependent method to calculate the kinetic energy fraction by dividing the bubble-fluid system into three distinct regions: the symmetric phase, the broken phase, and the bubble wall.
By solving the local equation of motion of the scalar field with a phenomenological friction term, the bubble wall velocity and the boundary conditions of the fluid equations of both phases can be derived simultaneously.
Then, for a given particle physics model, the fluid profiles of different hydrodynamical modes and the corresponding kinetic energy fraction can be obtained.
Our method can also capture the temperature dependency of the sound speed of the plasma.
Compared with the conventional model-independent method, our approach is based on an accurate equation of state derived directly from the effective potential and takes into account the contribution of the bubble wall to the energy-momentum tensor.
Therefore, our method in-principle provides a more consistent and accurate result, which is crucial for high-precision calculations of the gravitational waves induced by the first-order phase transition.
Microlensing of gravitational waves by dark matter structures
Authors: Fairbairn Malcolm , Urrutia Juan , Vaskonen Ville
Published: July 2023

Gravitational lensing of gravitational waves provides a potential new probe of dark matter structures. In this work, we consider the microlensing effect on gravitational wave signals from black hole binaries induced by low-mass dark matter halos that do not retain enough baryonic matter to hold stars. We clarify systematically when this microlensing effect is relevant and study in detail its detectability by future gravitational wave observatories. We consider lensing by cold dark matter halos and by solitonic cores that reside in fuzzy dark matter halos. Our results show that although the effect can be detectable at relatively large impact parameters, the probability of detecting such lensed events is low. In particular, we find that the expected number of events lensed by cold dark matter halos is 𝒪(0.01) per year for BBO and the expected number of events lensed by solitonic cores inside fuzzy dark matter halos is 𝒪(0.01) per year for ET. In the case that a significant fraction of dark matter consists of 𝒪(100 M
⊙) objects that are relatively compact, R < 𝒪(0.1 pc), we show that the expected number of lensed events per year for ET can be very large, 𝒪(1000).
High-efficiency broad-linewidth widely-tunable mid-infrared OPO based on fan-out PPLT
Authors: Liu Zhengyi , Ye Xianlin , Zhang Song , Luo Xingwang , Ren Huaijin , Wang Weimin , Wei Xingbin
Published: July 2023

We reported a high-efficiency, broad-linewidth, wide-tuning-range singly-resonated optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on a fan-out PPLT crystal. When the PPLT crystal was operated at 120 °C and pumped by Q-switched 1064 nm laser at 14.17 W with a circular pump profile, the overall output power of OPO was 7.22 W (η = 50.4%) for both the signal and idler waves. The central wavelength and linewidth of the mid-infrared (MIR) laser were 3770 nm and ∼40 nm. A wavelength tuning range of 3538–3941 nm was accomplished by adjusting the crystal period through simple mechanical movement. Due to the larger coverage of gratings with an elliptical pump profile, the output linewidth of the MIR laser was further broadened to ∼100 nm, which is ten times more than other non-fan-out PPLT OPOs. Both pumping methods with different profiles were operated at 30 kHz, 49.2 ns for the 1064 nm laser, the power fluctuation of the obtained MIR laser was within 3.5%.
Chirped optical solitons and stability analysis of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with nonlinear chromatic dispersion
Authors: Mathanaranjan Thilagarajah , Hashemi Mir Sajjad , Rezazadeh Hadi , Akinyemi Lanre , Bekir Ahmet
Published: July 2023

The present paper aims to investigate the chirped optical soliton solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with nonlinear chromatic dispersion and quadratic-cubic law of refractive index. The exquisite balance between the chromatic dispersion and the nonlinearity associated with the refractive index of a fiber gives rise to optical solitons, which can travel down the fiber for intercontinental distances. The effective technique, namely, the new extended auxiliary equation method is implemented as a solution method. Different types of chirped soliton solutions including dark, bright, singular and periodic soliton solutions are extracted from the Jacobi elliptic function solutions when the modulus of the Jacobi elliptic function approaches to one or zero. These obtained chirped optical soliton solutions might play an important role in optical communication links and optical signal processing systems. The stability of the system is examined in the framework of modulational instability analysis.