bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Taxonomy Classification of Soils of Hill Slope Land and Stream Terrace Land Located at North-Eastern Ghat Agro-Climatic Zone of Odisha, India
Authors: Lokya Tupaki , Mishra Antaryami , Saren Subhashis
Published: August 2021

The present investigation was carried out to study the characterization, fertility status and taxonomic classification of some soils of North-Eastern Ghat Agro-Climatic zone of Odisha. Hill slope (pedon 1) and stream terrace land (pedon 2) two representative pedons of the Nayagarh district located in different topographic positions were studied for their physico-chemical characteristics and taxonomic classification. Results show that in pedon 1, percentage of sand, silt and clay range between 78.4 to 86.4, 3.2 to 3.4 and 10.4 to 17.4 respectively and in pedon 2, sand, silt and clay percentages range between 72 to 84, 3.2 to 7.2 and 10.8 to 18.8 respectively in different horizons. In pedons 1 and 2, pH increases along with depth from 4.80 to 5.82 and 5.80 to 7.60 respectively. Organic carbon content in pedons 1 and 2, ranges from 3.4 to 5.1 and 1.6 to 6.3 g kg-1 respectively. Cation exchange capacity decreases in pedon 1 from 13.25 to 8.66 c mol (p+) kg-1 and in pedon 2, range 7.66 to 16.65 c mol (p+) kg-1. The exchangeable sodium percentage in pedon 1 and 2, ranges from 4.53 to 9.23, and 2.56 to 6.53 per cent in different horizons respectively. The base saturation percentage in pedon 1, range from 58.11 to 98.15 per cent and in pedon 2, from 59.54 to 97.91 percent. The Hill slope (pedon 1) and stream terrace land (pedon 2) have little or no evidence of development of pedogenic horizons except ochric epipedon, therefore these soil are classified under the order Entisols. These soils have A-C profile with no distinct horizonation. Pedon 1, are classified under sub order Orthents, great group Ustorthents and sub group Typic Ustorthents. In case of pedon 2 the soils are put under the sub order Aquents, great group Fluvaquents and sub group Aeric Fluvaquents.
Common Fixed Point Theorems for Compatible Maps in Generalized Fuzzy Metric Spaces
Authors: Jeyaraman M. , Sowndrarajan S. , Ramachandran A.
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we consider generalized fuzzy metric spaces and provide existence and uniqueness fixed point results. First, we use compatible maps of type (β) to prove fixed point results, then we introduce weakly compatible maps to approximate common fixed point results by using an implicit relation.
Is It Necessary to Perform Pre Operative Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Elective Symptomatic Cholelithasis?
Authors: Shaikh Ubedullah , Memon Zahid Ali , Phulpoto Masroor Mubeen , Mangi Munawar Hussain , Dal Nawaz Ali , Abbasi Mujeeb Rehman
Published: August 2021

Objective:  Is it necessary to perform pre operative upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in elective symptomatic cholelithasis?

Study Design: Prospective observational study.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at surgical departments of  Services Hospital,  Ruth PFAHU, Civil Hospital Karachi, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Medical College, Lyari Karachi and Liaquat University Of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro from July 2018 to December 2019.

Methodology: Study consisted of 382 patients. All patients were subjected to Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 24 to 48 hours before cholecystectomy followed by biopsy were obtained for histopathology if required. Those patients not willing for surgery, General anesthesia problem, pregnant ladies due to risk of foetal loss, carcinoma of gall bladder, stone in CBD and obstructive jaundice were excluded.

Results: Out of the 382 patients, 66(17.27%) males and 316(82.72%) females with mean age of study population was 46.10 ± 6.31 years (22 to 65 years). Patients were present typical pain in 146(38.21%) cases and atypical pain in 236(61.78%) cases. Pre operative upper gastrointestinal endoscopy findings revealed Esophagitis in 22(5.75%) cases, GERD in 26(6.80%) cases, gastritis in 88(23.03%), gastric ulcer 49(12.82%), duodenal ulcer in 39(10.20%), polps 21(5.49%) and carcinoma of stomach 9(2.35%). Out of 236(61.78%) cases with atypical pain had persistence of symptoms in 141 (59.74%) cases upto four months.

Conclusion: We conclude that upper gastrointestinal endoscopy preoperatively for gallstone disease should be performed. So that preoperatively atypical symptoms are evaluate and taken care of, and patients is fully informed and also treated for associated conditions.
Evaluation of Anti-Ulcer Activity of Garcinia cambogia in Experimentally Induced Ulcer in Rats
Authors: Sharook G. P. , Khandige Prasanna Shama , Raj K. C. Bharath
Published: August 2021

Peptic ulcer is the most common gastrointestinal disorder that world faces at present. Garcinia cambogia is one of the folk plants used by the people to treat various ailments to attain health benefits.  Every part of the plant has various activities which can eradicate maximum health issues. The present study is aimed to investigate the gastro-protective and anti-ulcerogenic activity of ethanolic extract of Garcinia cambogia. The ethanolic extract was tested orally in doses of 200 mg/kg and 400mg/kg which was obtained from the acute oral toxicity studies on gastric ulcerations experimentally induced by pylorus ligation and ethanol in rats. Comparison of the drug effect is done with the effect of standard drugs, omeprazole (30 mg/kg) and sucralfate (100 mg/kg). The parameters like gastric pH, gastric acid volume, total acidity, free acidity and ulcer index are assessed.The ethanolic extract showed an activity in a dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg with a reduction in the gastric volume, total acidity, free acidity, ulcer index and raise in the gastric pH when compared to that of ulcer control group. A gastro-protective and anti-ulcerogenic activity is shown by the extract of Garcinia cambogia both in ethanol induced ulcer model and pylorus ligated ulcer model.At the concluding point, extract of Garcinia cambogia was found to possess a very good gastroprotective and anti-ulcerogenic property. The results of the study revealed the further uses of the leaves of this plant in the treatment of ulcers in the stomach.
Pharmacist-Led Management Model and Medication Adherence Among Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Wang Lingjiao , Zhao Yuanyuan , Han Liping , Zhang Huan , Chen Hejun , Liu Aixia , Yu Jing , Fu Ran , Duan Liguang , An Feiyue , Guo Zhimin , Lun Yang , Chen Chaoli , Cheng Fangfang , Song Chaohui , Gao Haixia , Zhou Chunhua
Published: December 2024

Importance

Poor medication adherence is associated with high morbidity and mortality among patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), which is particularly concerning in China.

Objective

To assess the effect of a pharmacist-led management model incorporating a social media platform vs usual care on medication adherence in patients with CHF.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective, multicenter randomized clinical trial was conducted from March 2021 to May 2023, with a follow-up duration of 52 weeks. The trial was conducted in the cardiology wards of 5 hospitals in China. Participants were 18 years or older, had a CHF diagnosis, and were receiving stable medication. They were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (pharmacist-led management) or the control group (usual care) in a 1:1 ratio using a computer-generated random number table with concealed allocation via opaque envelopes. Intention-to-treat data analysis was performed from June 2023 to July 2024.

Intervention

The intervention group received a multimodal pharmaceutical intervention, including WeChat application–based communication and education, and a standardized follow-up visit from a pharmacist every month. The control group received the standardized follow-up visit from nurses every month.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the proportion of days covered (PDC) by heart failure medication at 52 weeks.

Results

Among the 445 participants analyzed, 223 were assigned to the intervention group and 222 to the control group. These patients had a mean (SD) age of 63.2 (13.3) years and included 263 males (59.1%). A total of 333 patients (74.8%) had a New York Heart Association class III or IV heart failure, indicating severe limitations in physical activity. At 52 weeks, the intervention group had a significantly higher PDC for heart failure medication (8.1%; 95% CI, 5.5%-10.7%; P < .001) and a greater proportion of patients with PDC of 80% or greater (odds ratio, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.21-0.54; P < .001) compared with the control group.

Conclusions and Relevance

This randomized clinical trial found a modest improvement in medication adherence among patients with CHF who received the pharmacist-led management intervention vs usual care.

Trial Registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2000040232
The survival grip–how cell adhesion promotes tumor maintenance within the microenvironment
Authors: Gardano Laura , Ferreira Jordan , Le Roy Christine , Ledoux Dominique , Varin‐Blank Nadine
Published: December 2024

Cell adhesion is warranted by proteins that are crucial for the maintenance of tissue integrity and homeostasis. Most of these proteins behave as receptors to link adhesion to the control of cell survival and their expression or regulation are often altered in cancers. B‐cell malignancies do not evade this principle as they are sustained in relapsed niches by interacting with the microenvironment that includes cells and their secreted factors. Focusing on chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mantle cell lymphoma, this Review delves with the molecules involved in the dialog between the adhesion platforms and signaling pathways known to regulate both cell adhesion and survival. Current therapeutic strategies disrupt adhesive structures and compromise the microenvironment support to tumor cells, rendering them sensitive to immune recognition. The development of organ‐on‐chip and 3D culture systems, such as spheroids, have revealed the importance of mechanical cues in regulating signaling pathways to organize cell adhesion and survival. All these elements contribute to the elaboration of the crosstalk of lymphoma cells with the microenvironment and the education processes that allow the establishment of the supportive niche.
Body contour adaptation for weight‐loss and bolus for head and neck radiotherapy on Ethos version 2.0 and HyperSight: Synthetic CT versus direct calculation
Authors: Yashayaeva Abby , MacDonald R. Lee , Cherpak Amanda
Published: December 2024

Purpose

In radiotherapy, body contour inaccuracies may compromise the delineation of adjacent structures and affect calculated dose. Here, we evaluate the un‐editable body contours auto‐generated by Ethos versions 1.0 (v1) and 2.0 (v2) treatment planning softwares for two simulated cases: weight‐loss and bolus application, particularly important for head and neck radiotherapy patients.

Methods

A 3D‐printed target structure was secured to the neck of an anthropomorphic phantom and sequentially covered with silicone boluses of uniform thickness, providing cases for bolus application (0.5 and 1 cm) and weight‐loss (2.0, 1.5, 1.0, 0.5, and 0 cm). HyperSight CBCT images of the phantom were acquired to simulate the online adaptation process. Baseline body contours were manually produced and compared to those auto‐generated in Ethos v1 (synthetic CTs) and Ethos v2 (synthetic CTs and direct calculation on HyperSight CBCTs). Additionally, the target volume D95% dose metric for weight‐loss adapted plans generated by the Ethos v2 were analyzed as a function of surface layer thickness.

Results

The Ethos v1 body contour did not adapt adequately for the weight‐loss image set [mean absolute volume deviation from baseline (MAD) = 205 cm3]. The weight‐loss synthetic CT and HyperSight CBCT volumes in Ethos v2 were comparable to manually generated contours (MAD = 34 and 46 cm3, respectively); however, the bolus Hypersight CBCT body contour intersected the outer edge of the phantom (MAD = 157 cm3). The D95% deviation from the planned dose decreased by up to 10% when using the Ethos v2 adapted plan for the weight‐loss scenario.

Conclusion

Contours in Ethos v1 rely on reference contours and deformable registration algorithms, whereas Ethos v2 does not. Hence, Ethos v2 is preferred for cases involving weight change. A tight‐fitted air gap‐free bolus is critical for achieving accurate body contours for Ethos v2 Hypersight CBCTs.
Machine learning based radiomics model to predict radiotherapy induced cardiotoxicity in breast cancer
Authors: Talebi Amin , Bitarafan‐Rajabi Ahmad , Alizadeh‐asl Azin , Seilani Parisa , Khajetash Benyamin , Hajianfar Ghasem , Tavakoli Meysam
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Cardiotoxicity is one of the major concerns in breast cancer treatment, significantly affecting patient outcomes. To improve the likelihood of favorable outcomes for breast cancer survivors, it is essential to carefully balance the potential advantages of treatment methods with the risks of harm to healthy tissues, including the heart. There is currently a lack of comprehensive, data‐driven evidence on effective risk stratification strategies. The aim of this study is to investigate the prediction of cardiotoxicity using machine learning methods combined with radiomics, clinical, and dosimetric features.

Materials and methods

A cohort of 83 left‐sided breast cancer patients without a history of cardiac disease was examined. Two‐ and three‐dimensional echocardiography were performed before and after 6 months of treatment to evaluate cardiotoxicity. Cardiac dose‐volume histograms, demographic data, echocardiographic parameters, and ultrasound imaging radiomics features were collected for all patients. Toxicity modeling was developed with three feature selection methods and five classifiers in four separate groups (Dosimetric, Dosimetric + Demographic, Dosimetric + Demographic + Clinical, and Dosimetric + Demographic + Clinical + Imaging). The prediction performance of the models was validated using five‐fold cross‐validation and evaluated by AUCs.

Results

58% of patients showed cardiotoxicity 6 months after treatment. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction and Global longitudinal strain decreased significantly compared to pre‐treatment (p‐value < 0.001). After feature selection and prediction modeling, the Dosimetric, Dosimetric + Demographic, Dosimetric + Demographic + Clinical, Dosimetric + Demographic + Clinical + Imaging models showed prediction performance (AUC) up to 73%, 75%, 85%, and 97%, respectively.

Conclusion

Incorporating clinical and imaging features along with dose descriptors are beneficial for predicting cardiotoxicity after radiotherapy.
AATOD comments on Times article on Acadia
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2024

Last week we wrote about The New York Times Dec. 7 article unfairly lambasting Acadia's opioid treatment programs (see ADAW https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/adaw.34349). On Dec. 13 the American Association for the Treatment of Opioid Dependence (AATOD) issued a statement (given below) responding to the story. The statement begins by noting that The Times article “failed to mention how every one of the nation's OTPs must meet detailed and rigorous standards for providing medications and comprehensive treatment services for patients.” It continues.
Porosity Reduction and Strength Increase of SS316&Cu Produced through Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Pagan Michael , Goring Styler , Yi HuChun , Stebner Aaron P.
Published: December 2024

Cold spray additive manufacturing (CSAM) is an attractive solid‐state bonding technique due to its rapid manufacturing rate and the ability to avoid deleterious effects found in solidification‐based additive manufacturing. Unfortunately, CSAM of steel components has been difficult to date to the high strength of the steel particles which resists deformation and creates interparticle porosity. Herein, it is found adding softer Cu powder particles to steel (SS316) powder and utilizing a heat treatment can decrease the porosity of the as‐sprayed structure while increasing the mechanical properties. The mixture results in an increased sprayability of the structure, as the Cu particles preferentially fill the pores, increasing the density. The microstructural evolution of the SS316 and Cu particles at the particle interfaces and interiors is investigated and reveals that the materials undergo a heterogeneous deformation route which facilitates the densification of the CSAM structure. Through annealing these components, the tensile strength increases and the density increases further. Both materials undergo microstructural recovery along with selected interdiffusion of elements which improves the metallurgical bonding. It is demonstrated that the heterogeneous deposition and microstructural evolution between the dissimilar materials can improve the overall component properties.
Insights from Microstructure and Recrystallization Comparisons of Wrought FeCrAl and Oxide Dispersion‐Strengthened Nanostructured Ferritic Alloy Tubes
Authors: Qin Xiao , Lin Gaoyong , Zhang Ruiqian , Du Peinan , Cao Yu , Liu Huiqun
Published: December 2024

This work aims to compare the microstructure and recrystallization of wrought FeCrAl alloy and oxide dispersion‐strengthened nanostructured ferrite alloy (ODS‐NFA) in industrial pilgered tubes. The second‐phase particles significantly affect the microstructure and recrystallization. The micron‐sized Laves precipitates in FeCrAl alloy lead to complete recrystallization at 800 °C. Nano‐oxide particles in the ODS‐NFA tube stabilize the ultrafine fibrous grains and result in delayed recrystallization at 1200 °C. Hardness measurements and electron backscatter diffraction quantify the recrystallization kinetics, grain size, and texture evolution of both alloys during recrystallization. The recrystallization mechanism of FeCrAl alloy is grain boundaries and Laves precipitates stimulate nucleation, while the recrystallization of ODS‐NFA is controlled by nanoparticle dissolution and reprecipitation. Completely recrystallized FeCrAl alloy shows ≈20 μm grains and ODS‐NFA shows ≈10 μm equiaxed grains. The FeCrAl alloy exhibits γ‐fibers, while the ODS‐NFA alloy exhibits strong α‐fibers during recrystallization.
Ink Casting and 3D‐Extrusion Printing of Yb14MnSb11 for High‐Temperature Thermoelectric Material
Authors: Chen Ming , Pröschel Alex , Star Kurt E. , Bux Sabah K. , Snyder G. Jeffrey , Dunand David C.
Published: December 2024

Complex shapes are created from Yb14MnSb11, a high‐temperature thermoelectric Zintl phase, via a two‐step process: i) layer‐by‐layer 3D‐extrusion of ink containing partially‐reacted powders which are ball‐milled from a blend of Yb, MnSb, and Sb powders; ii) heat treatment to synthesize the ternary compound Yb14MnSb11 and densify the extruded powders. A high phase purity for Yb14MnSb11 (83–94%) is achieved in both cast and 3D‐extruded ink specimens via a solid‐state reaction between Yb, MnSb, and Yb4Sb3 during reactive sintering. Pressure‐free sintering at temperatures of 1200–1400 °C densifies the powders to 82% relative density but can also induce the decomposition of the Yb14MnSb11 phase due to Yb sublimation. A process window with optimized sintering temperature and time is identified, achieving both low porosity and high phase purity and reaching a maximum zT = 0.61 at 1000 °C, about half of the maximum zT value for bulk Yb14MnSb11 made via conventional processes (pressure sintering of precursor powders). The present approach – direct ink writing of ball‐milled powders, combined with reactive sintering – is a scalable and affordable method to fabricate thermoelectric legs with intricate 3D shapes, for enhanced performances in high‐temperature thermoelectric applications.
Tensegrity‐Inspired Pre‐Stress Control for Programmable Multistability and Stiffness in Mechanical Metamaterials
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Zhang Meiling , Zhang Ran , Sun Jianwei , Chu Jinkui
Published: December 2024

Mechanical metamaterials have considerable application potential, but are often limited to single applications owing to material and manufacturing constraints. To achieve a “single structure, multiple applications” goal, this study presents a multifunctional metamaterial structure. The metamaterial cells gain significant deformation and recovery abilities by incorporating the concept of a tensegrity structure to balance flexibility and rigidity and using a rigid‐flexible fabrication process. Inspired by cat‐tongue barbs and Hooke's law, an innovative pre‐stress programming structure is designed for integrated fabrication, enabling multilevel pre‐stress control for each cell. This programmable stress allows the twin‐cell array to transition in situ from monostable to bistable states and provides multilevel critical‐force functions for bistable states. After assembling a nine‐cell array, the structure offers a wide range of adjustable stiffness levels, enabling soft‐rigid transitions and varied force‐displacement responses without the need for additional tools. It also allows controlled collapse ratios and deformation through stiffness control. Additionally, the nine‐cell array features isotropy with a Poisson ratio of v = −1 and clear indentation resistance. This approach is promising for applications such as adjustable energy dissipators, automotive equipment, and passive safety.
Bio‐Inspired Multiple Responsive NIR II Nanophosphors for Reversible and Environment‐Interactive Information Encryption
Authors: He Tianpei , Xi Jing , Zhao Rui , Chen Na , Yuan Quan
Published: December 2024

Inspired by the natural responsive phenomena, herein the multiple responsive persistent luminescent Zn1.2Ga1.6Ge0.2O4:Ni2+ (ZGGO:Ni) nanoparticles with near‐infrared  (NIR) II emission peak ≈1330 nm derived from the Ni2+ doping through controlled synthesis based on hydrothermal method are obtained. The obtained NIR II persistent luminescent ZGGO:Ni can not only respond to temperature but also the specific solvent stimulus. The results demonstrate that the NIR II persistent luminescence intensity decreases in hydroxyl containing solvent such as water (H2O) and ethyl alcohol (C2H6O), while the PL intensity remains in solvent without hydroxyl groups such as n‐hexane (C6H14) and deuterated water (D2O). This NIR II luminescence quenching is attributed to the adsorption of interaction hydroxyl groups in specific solvents with the amino group on the surface of ZGGO:Ni and the subsequent fluorescence resonance energy transfer mechanism. Benefiting from the multiple responsive properties, the obtained NIR II persistent luminescent ZGGO:Ni is utilized for high‐order dynamic optical information encryption, providing increased security level. The multi‐responsive NIR II persistent luminescence strategy outlined in this study is anticipated to offer a straightforward methodology for optimizing the optical characteristics of NIR II persistent luminescent materials. Moreover, it is set to expand the scope of their applications in the realm of dynamic and environment‐interactive information encryption, thereby opening frontiers for their utilization in advanced security measures.
Activation and Deactivation of the Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production Activity of Pt‐Tipped CdSe/CdS Nanorods
Authors: Hentschel Sebastian , Dittmar Mareike , Strelow Christian , Ruhmlieb Charlotte , Hackl Thomas , Mews Alf
Published: December 2024

Hybrid semiconductor‐metal nanostructures are promising candidates for converting light into chemical energy by photocatalytic hydrogen production. However, many photocatalysts are prone to photocorrosion which limits their long‐term stability and thus their long‐term functionality needed for commercial applications. This study provides an in‐depth insight into the photocorrosion‐induced changes altering the chemical and photophysical properties of platinized CdSe‐seeded CdS nanorods (CdSe/CdS/Pt) during the photocatalytic hydrogen production from aqueous ethanol solutions at very high pH values. Using a combination of mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, electron microscopy, with in situ absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, it is shown that the ligand shell consisting of 11‐MUA does not directly contribute to the generated hydrogen, although it is gradually degraded by present OH• radicals. Instead, the degradation of the ligand shell first leads to higher reactivity over time and finally to aggregation of the photocatalyst once a sweet spot is crossed. The inorganic CdSe/CdS/Pt particles are then reacting with OH• radicals to break apart into different pieces to transform into polymeric sulphur and Cd2+. This shows that the presence of OH• radicals can be very beneficial as an effective hole scavenger but can also lead to degradation of the whole colloidal nanostructure at longer reaction times.
Hierarchical Targeting Nanodrug with Holistic DNA Protection for Effective Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Chen Qiaohui , Yang Yongqi , Ying Xiaohong , Huang Changkun , Chen Jianlin , Wang Jue , Wu Ziyu , Zeng Wan , Miao Chenxi , Shi Xiaojing , Nan Yayun , Huang Qiong , Ai Kelong
Published: December 2024

Acute kidney injury (AKI) manifests a hallmark pathological feature of extensive and severe DNA damage in renal tubules, primarily induced by the excessive of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) from the mitochondrial electron transport chain. The kidney's complex intricate physiological architecture and the heterogeneous intracellular environment pose significant challenges for effective sequential and high‐resolution drug delivery—an urgent issue that remains unresolved. To address this, a hierarchical‐targeting antioxidant nanodrug has been developed with a folic acid moiety (HAND) designed for high‐resolution drug delivery in AKI treatment. For the first time, HAND enables sequential targeting from the kidney to the most severely damaged proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs), ultimately concentrating in the DNA‐rich mitochondria and nucleus. As a result, HAND effectively scavenges ROS in situ, protecting both mitochondria and nuclei along with their vital genetic material. This action restores mitochondrial function, mitigates DNA oxidation and fragmentation, reduces apoptosis, and inhibits cGAS/STING‐mediated sterile inflammation. Consequently, HAND demonstrates remarkable efficacy in safeguarding injured kidneys during AKI. Overall, this work pioneers a hierarchical, high‐resolution antioxidant strategy, providing innovative guidance for the development of AKI therapies.
Price Transmission During Promotions: A Case Study of Spanish Milk Brands
Authors: Bedoui Yasmine , Jin Yan , Gil José María
Published: December 2024

Price promotion is the marketing tool typically used by retail brands to boost sales and gain market share. In this paper, we intend to investigate the price transmission mechanism among competitive brands in Spain when price reductions that are associated with price promotions take place. The study is focused on intra‐retailer competition in two retailers with different business models. The methodological framework is based on the estimation of a two‐regime threshold vector autoregressive model (TVAR) of price levels in which the Private Label price has been considered as the threshold variable. The results suggest that the price responses of manufacturer brands to private label price reductions are much larger than the inverse responses. The price of the private label reacts only weakly to price reductions in manufacturer brands. These responses decrease in strength as the market share of the Private Label increases within the retailer.
Anticancer Activity, DFT, Molecular Docking, ADMET, and Molecular Dynamics Simulations Investigations of Schiff Base Derived From 2,3‐Diaminophenazine and Its Metal Complexes
Authors: Bufarwa Saleh M. , Belaidi Mustapha , Abbass Leila M. , Thbayh Dalal K.
Published: December 2024

In our previous study, Schiff base (1) complexes derived from 2,3‐diaminophenazine and metal ions Co(II) (2), Ni(II) (3), Cu(II) (4), and Cd(II) (5) were synthesized and characterized, demonstrating a significant biological activity. This study investigates their anticancer potential, specifically against prostate cancer. The complexes exhibited notable reductions in cancer cell viability, with IC50 values of 0.531 μM Ni(II), 0.630 μM Cu(II), and 0.655 μM Co(II), comparable with the standard drug enzalutamide. The Co(II) complex showed the highest efficacy, while Cd(II) displayed the lowest (IC50 = 0.648 μM). The presence of a phenazine ring in these complexes enhances DNA binding, contributing to their anticancer effects. HOMO‐LUMO calculations revealed energy gaps ranging from 2.525 to 3.294 eV, indicating varying reactivity and potential for biological interactions. Molecular docking studies revealed that compound (1) exhibited the highest binding affinity (−9.19 kcal/mol) for the prostate cancer‐related receptor, with significant hydrogen bond interactions. Molecular dynamics simulations over 100 ns demonstrated stable binding, with RMSD values below 1.5 Å, and RMSF analysis provided insights into protein flexibility. ADMET studies revealed favorable drug‐like properties, including good gastrointestinal absorption (> 30%), high blood–brain barrier permeability (LogBBB = 0.64), and high human intestinal absorption (68.47%–88.79%). No inhibition of CYP2D6 was observed, suggesting low risk for drug–drug interactions. These Schiff base‐metal complexes show promising anticancer activity and favorable ADMET profiles, indicating their potential as therapeutic agents for prostate cancer treatment.
Thin‐Film Composite Membranes by Stacking Polymeric Hollow Nanoparticles as a Selective Layer for H2/CO2 Separation
Authors: Zhao Hongyong , Wang Yan , Ding Xiaoli , Wei Meng , Song Ting , Dong Jie , Sun Shicui , Hou Jiaxuan , Ma Qingbo , Tan Xiaoyao
Published: December 2024

Polymeric membranes have been widely used in gas separation. However, the majority of these membranes do not meet the desired standards for separating H2 and CO2. The reason behind their subpar performance lies in the contradicting effects that exist within polymers, namely the presence of favorable diffusion selectivity but unfavorable solubility selectivity for H2/CO2. A series of thin‐film composite (TFC) membranes were prepared via properly stacking the polymeric nanoparticles as selective layers and the rubbery Pebax as bonding and buffering layers. The chemical composition and structure of polymeric nanoparticles are analyzed by the FTIR. The pore size and structure of the selective layer formed by nanospheres are examined by the SEM, TEM, and XRD. The N2 adsorption–desorption analysis of the PIM nanospheres/Pebax selective layer is performed. The morphology of the TFC membrane is also investigated. The gas permeation–separation performance of the TFC membranes, which were prepared at different temperatures and different thicknesses, varies greatly. It indicates that the gas permeation–separation performance of the PIM nanospheres/Pebax selective layer in TFC membranes gradually change from being dominated by smaller‐sized intrinsic pores in Pebax matrix to being dominated by larger‐sized extrinsic pores formed by PIM nanospheres stacking as the nanospheres content increasing. The adsorption of CO2 by PIM nanospheres and the Pebax matrix becomes an obstacle to CO2 permeating in the extrinsic pores, and it improves the H2/CO2 selectivity. It also indicates that the TFC membranes prepared at 10°C have more regular and compact arrangements of nanospheres. In single gas testing, the H2 permeance reaches ~3336 GPU coupled with the H2/CO2 selectivity of ~17.2. Under the testing of a 50:50 mixture of H2: CO2, the concentration of H2 can reach over 80% while having a recovery rate of over 50%. Even at a high recovery rate of 90%, the concentration of H2 still can reach 70%.
Unveiling the Electronic Properties and Growth Mechanisms of 2D Layered Materials on Au Foils through Scanning Tunneling Microcopy/Spectroscopy Studies
Authors: Quan Wenzhi , Cheng Yujin , Ding Haoxuan , Zhang Yanfeng
Published: December 2024

2D van der Waals layered materials, represented by transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), graphene, and h‐BN, have garnered worldwide research interests due to their unique structures and fascinating physical properties distinct from their bulk counterparts. Featuring superior controllability and scalability, bottom‐up synthetic approaches, including chemical vapor deposition, molecular beam epitaxy, etc., are widely adopted for preparing high‐quality 2D materials and their heterostructures. In these efforts, Au foils are utilized as favorable substrates due to their chemical inertness, strong interfacial interactions that facilitate epitaxial growth of adlayers, and conductive nature that enables in situ characterizations. Herein, this review summarizes the recent advances in the bottom‐up syntheses of 2D materials on Au foils, including the epitaxial growth of single‐crystal TMDCs monolayers, the construction of 2D vertical heterostructures, and the preparation of 2D materials with novel phases/structures. Meanwhile, this article also reviews the in situ scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy characterizations of the growth systems, with particular emphasis on unveiling the epitaxy mechanisms of layered single crystals, the stacking configurations of heterostructures, and their intriguing electronic properties. Finally, future opportunities are prospected from the viewpoints of novel phase/structure design, clean transfer, and property explorations of 2D materials on Au substrates.
Conservation Implications of Strong Population Structure Despite Admixture in an Endangered African Seagrass
Authors: Combrink Charlotte A. , Henriques Romina , Jackson Megan J. , von der Heyden Sophie
Published: December 2024

Zostera capensis is an African seagrass that is endangered throughout its range. In South Africa, it is solely confined to low wave energy estuarine habitats and characterised by two evolutionary lineages that diverge across a biogeographic transition. In this study, we sampled seagrass plants from five populations that span the region of lineage divergence and investigated the extent of lineage overlap. Using 2681 SNP loci, including 32 putative outlier loci, we calculated population structure, genomic diversity and levels of admixture. All populations were significantly different to each other, including those < 10 km apart and low levels of admixture indicate limited dispersal of Z. capensis. Every population was characterised by a high inbreeding coefficient (FIS), suggesting a limited number of breeding individuals in each population. Given increasing anthropogenic stressors that are linked to declines in seagrass meadow cover in South Africa, our study provides strong support that populations of this endangered seagrass require targeted management and conservation actions of each individual population to avoid further loss of the unique evolutionary dynamics and to safeguard the ecosystem services seagrasses provide. Further, our evidence of significant population structure across geographically close populations highlights that conservation efforts relying on seagrass restoration would risk mixing unique evolutionary signatures of Z. capensis in the region when transplanting between estuaries. This represents a critical challenge to using transplants as a potential mechanism of restoring declining populations and highlights the crucial importance of preventing population extinction.
Efficient Multiplex Genome Editing of the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 via CRISPR‐Cas12a
Authors: Du Wei , Meister Luna L. , van Grinsven Tobias , Branco dos Santos Filipe
Published: December 2024

Cyanobacteria have been genetically modified to convert CO2 into biochemical products, but efficient genetic engineering tools, including CRISPR‐Cas systems, remain limited. This is primarily due to the polyploid nature of cyanobacteria, which hinders their effectiveness. Here, we address the latter by specifically (i) modifying the RSF1010‐based replicative plasmid to simplify cloning efforts while maintaining high conjugation efficiency; (ii) improving the design of the guide RNA (gRNA) to facilitate chromosomal cleavage; (iii) introducing template DNA fragments as pure plasmids via natural transformation; and (iv) using sacB to facilitate replicative plasmid curing. With this system, the replicative plasmid containing both Cas12a and gRNA is introduced to Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 cells via conjugation to cleave the circular chromosomes. Template DNA plasmid that has meanwhile been assimilated will then repair it achieving the desired genetic modifications. This system was validated by successfully deleting various “neutral” chromosomal loci, both individually and collectively, as well as targeting an essential gene, sll1797. With the sacB‐sucrose counter‐selection, all deletions were simultaneously made markerless in < 4 weeks. Moreover, we also integrate YFP with various protein degradation tags into the chromosome, allowing for their characterization at the chromosomal level. We foresee this system will greatly facilitate future genome engineering in cyanobacteria.
Functional Neurological Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Complex and Potentially Significant Relationship
Authors: Gonzalez‐Herrero Belen , Happé Francesca , Nicholson Timothy R. , Morgante Francesca , Pagonabarraga Javier , Deeley Quinton , Edwards Mark J.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Functional neurological disorder (FND) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are two complex neuropsychiatric conditions that have been historically classified within psychiatric domains, resulting in a lack of extensive research, insufficient clinical recognition, and persistent societal stigma. In recent years, there has been an increasing recognition among professionals and affected individuals of their possible overlap. This review explores the potential clinical and mechanistic overlap between FND and ASD, with particular attention to shared symptoms across sensory, motor, and psychiatric domains.

Methods

We conducted a narrative analysis utilizing the PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect databases from inception to June 2024. The search employed specific MeSH terms related to ASD and FND. Given the limited data availability, we included all relevant articles that explored the potential connections between FND and ASD, focusing on established findings and theoretical hypotheses areas.

Results

Scientific evidence indicates that FND and ASD may co‐occur more frequently than previously acknowledged and with notable overlaps in their clinical presentations and pathophysiology. Theoretical models that have been applied to FND and ASD, such as the Bayesian brain theory and the tripartite model of autism, may provide valuable insights into the intersection of these conditions. Although much of the current evidence remains speculative, it underscores the need for hypothesis‐driven research to investigate these potential connections further.

Conclusion

ASD and FND are heterogeneous conditions that appear to co‐occur in a subset of individuals, with overlapping symptomatology and possibly shared underlying mechanisms. This hypothesis‐generating review emphasizes the need for further research to better understand these links, ultimately aiming to improve clinical recognition and develop targeted interventions that enhance the quality of life for affected individuals.
Recent developments in microwire‐structured intracortical electrode arrays for brain–machine interfaces
Authors: De León Sorel E. , Higham Simon , Jung Young Jun , Tong Wei , Garrett David J.
Published: December 2024

Brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) have experienced remarkable advancements in recent years, marked by multiple companies initiating human trials. Consequently, the interface between the brain and electrodes has become more critical than ever, requiring implanted electrodes to be not only biocompatible and minimally invasive but also capable of remaining functioning in the brain for a lifetime. While significant progress has been made in the manufacturing of intracortical electrodes, challenges persist in ensuring longevity and minimizing tissue damage. Additionally, the reliance on manual labor in fabrication techniques poses obstacles to large‐scale production for commercialization. In this review, we explore recent breakthroughs and obstacles in the fabrication of microwire‐structured electrode arrays, wherein single wires are arranged in an xy matrix for cortical penetration. We discuss the impact of various fabrication strategies and materials on implant longevity, as well as the remaining challenges in this field.
Effectiveness of a Novel PLA2R1 Knock‐in Middle Age Rat Model in Repairing Renal Function Damage
Authors: Yang Daihe , Zhang Zitong , Zhao Lu , Sui Wendong , Li Yinyin , Zhou Yun , Huang Bo
Published: December 2024

Phospholipase A2 receptor 1 (PLA2R1) exists important role in membranous nephropathy. In this study, we evaluate a PLA2R1 in a middle‐aged rat model of renal function repair to further investigate the molecular mechanisms of membranous nephropathy. We analyzed the PLA2R1 knockout (KO) model and PLA2R1 knock in (KI) model in rats, extending the time to 85 weeks of age. Urinary biochemical indicators were detected using a fully automated biochemical analyzer. The complement C3, IgG, and Nephrin were detected using the immunofluorescence method. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of complement C3, IgA and PLA2R1 in middle‐aged models. The KO model continues to display glomerular proteinuria, complement C3 aggregation, and IgA and IgG deposition. Comparing with the KO model, the deposition of complement C3 and IgA in the glomerulus of the KI chimeric model still exists and IgG expression weakened. Inserting humanized PLA2R1 into rats can continuously repair partial renal function and reduce proteinuria, which will help investigate the pathogenesis of membranous nephropathy and complement activation signaling pathways.
Early initiation of intravenous cyclophosphamide and one‐year outcome in super‐refractory cryptogenic‐new onset refractory status epilepticus
Authors: Yorichika Yasufumi , Neshige Shuichiro , Sakahara Hideaki , Ono Narumi , Nonaka Megumi , Tagane Yuichiro , Watanabe Tomoaki , Tachiyama Keisuke , Ishibashi Haruka , Nakamori Masahiro , Shishido Takeo , Aoki Shiro , Ueno Hiroki , Yamazaki Yu , Iizuka Takahiro , Maruyama Hirofumi
Published: December 2024

To explore the potential efficacy of early initiation of intravenous cyclophosphamide (IVCPA), we reviewed consecutive four cases of super‐refractory cryptogenic‐new onset refractory status epilepticus (C‐NORSE) between 2015 and 2023. We compared functional outcomes at 3 months and 1 year after the onset between patients who received IVCPA within 20 days (early‐treated) and those who received it later (late‐treated). All patients (median age: 43 years) had a prodromal fever. Brain MRI revealed symmetrically increased FLAIR signals in the medial temporal lobes of all patients. Despite initiating antiseizure medications (ASMs) and first‐line immunotherapy (intravenous‐methylprednisolone and immunoglobulins) within a median of 3 days from onset, SE persisted >5 days. The diagnosis of C‐NORSE was suggested based on a high C‐NORSE score (6/6). Thus, all patients received IVCPA a median of 15.5 days after seizure onset (three within 20 days and one at 31 days). One of the three early‐treated patients also received tocilizumab. Early‐treated patients exhibited shorter sedation periods (median 29 vs. 75 days) and better 1 year functional status (mRS 1–2 vs. mRS 4) compared to the late‐treated patient. Early initiation of IVCPA and/or tocilizumab, along with ASMs, may contribute to a better one‐year functional status in super‐refractory C‐NORSE patients.

Plain Language Summary

This study demonstrates the potential efficacy of early administration of intravenous cyclophosphamide on one‐year functional status in patients with super‐refractory cryptogenic‐new onset refractory status epilepticus. “Early‐treated patients” who received it within 20 days of seizure onset achieved a good one‐year functional status. The “late‐treated patient” (Case 4) who received it later did not achieve a good functional status. Early initiation of cyclophosphamide, along with antiseizure medications, may contribute to a better one‐year functional status in this population.
Sex Disparities in In‐Hospital Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and a History of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG): A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Yan Rui , Zhang Hui , Shi Bo , Ye Congyan , Fu Shizhe , Wang Kairu , Yang Jie , Yan Ru , Jia Shaobin , Ma Xueping , Cong Guangzhi
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

The role of sex disparities in in‐hospital outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains underexplored. This study aimed to identify sex disparities in in‐hospital outcomes after PCI in patients with AMI and a history of CABG.

Methods

Using the National Inpatient Sample database, we identified patients hospitalized for AMI with a history of CABG who underwent PCI between 2016 and 2019. 1:1 propensity score matching was used to minimize standardized mean differences of baseline variables and compare in‐­hospital outcomes.

Results

In total, 75,185 weighted hospitalizations of patients were identified. Compared with male patients, female patients exhibited elevated risks of in‐hospital mortality (3.72% vs. 2.85%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14–1.93), major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) (4.96% vs. 3.75%; aOR 1.46; 95% CI 1.18–1.82), bleeding (4.91% vs. 3.01%; aOR 1.56; 95% CI 1.27–1.79), and longer length of stay (4.64 days vs. 3.96 days; β 0.42; 95% CI 0.28–0.55). After propensity matching, female patients remained associated with increased risks of in‐hospital mortality (3.81% vs. 2.81%; aOR 1.37; 95% CI 1.06–1.78), MACCEs (5.08% vs. 3.84%; aOR 1.35; 95% CI 1.08–1.70), bleeding (5.03% vs. 3.11%; aOR 1.57; 95% CI 1.24–2.00), and longer length of stay (4.61 ± 4.76 days vs. 4.06 ± 4.10 days; β 0.39; 95% CI 0.18–0.59). Female patients aged > 60 years were more vulnerable to in‐hospital mortality than were their male counterparts (3.06% vs. 4.15%; aOR 1.56; 95% CI 1.18–2.05).

Conclusions

Female patients who underwent PCI for AMI with a history of CABG had higher risks of in‐hospital mortality, MACCEs, bleeding, and longer length of stay, with in‐hospital mortality rates being particularly pronounced among older patients.