bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RedMaPPer: Evolution and Mass Dependence of the Conditional Luminosity Functions of Red Galaxies in Galaxy Clusters
Authors: To Chun-Hao , Reddick Rachel M. , Rozo Eduardo , Rykoff Eli , Wechsler Risa H.
Published: June 2020

We characterize the luminosity distribution, halo-mass dependence, and redshift evolution of red galaxies in galaxy clusters using the SDSS Data Release 8 redMaPPer cluster sample. We propose a simple prescription for the relationship between the luminosity of both red central and red satellite galaxies and the mass of their host halos, and show that this model is well fit by the data. Using a larger galaxy cluster sample than previously employed in the literature, we find that the luminosities of red central galaxies scale as

, with A

L
 = 0.39 ± 0.04, and that the scatter of the red central galaxy luminosity at fixed M
200b
(

) is

dex, with the error bar including systematics due to mis-centering of the cluster finder, photometry, and photometric redshift estimation. Our data prefers a positive correlation between the luminosity of red central galaxies and the observed richness of clusters at a fixed halo mass, with an effective correlation coefficient

. The characteristic luminosity of red satellites becomes dimmer from z = 0.3 to z = 0.1 by ∼20% after accounting for passive evolution. We estimate the fraction of galaxy clusters where the brightest red galaxy is not the central to be P
BNC ∼ 20%. We discuss implications of these findings in the context of galaxy evolution and the galaxy–halo connection.
Weak-lensing Peak Statistics in Mocks by the Inverse-Gaussianization Method
Authors: Chen Zhao , Yu Yu , Liu Xiangkun , Fan Zuhui
Published: June 2020

Recent studies have shown the great power of peak counts in weak-lensing maps. In this work, we apply the inverse-Gaussianization method proposed in Yu et al. to produce weak-lensing convergence maps quickly and investigate the peak statistics, including the peak height counts and peak steepness counts in these mocks. The distributions of peak height and steepness are in good agreement with the simulation results. The difference is ≲20% for these peak statistics in the maps at source redshift z

s
 = 1. Also, the loss of off-diagonal elements in the peak covariance motivates us to consider the super-sample variance in weak-lensing peak statistics. We propose four correction methods to effectively recover the (anti)correlation among different bins by adding different scatters in the mean value of these mocks. Finally, as an example of the application, we adopt the improved inverse-Gaussianization method to quickly generate 40,000 mocks to calculate precision matrices for the power spectrum and peak-statistics joint analysis.
Spin–Orbit Alignment of the β Pictoris Planetary System
Authors: Kraus Stefan , Le Bouquin Jean-Baptiste , Kreplin Alexander , Davies Claire L. , Hone Edward , Monnier John D. , Gardner Tyler , Kennedy Grant , Hinkley Sasha
Published: June 2020

A crucial diagnostic that can tell us about processes involved in the formation and dynamical evolution of planetary systems is the angle between the rotation axis of a star and a planet's orbital angular momentum vector (“spin–orbit” alignment or “obliquity”). Here we present the first spin–orbit alignment measurement for a wide-separation exoplanetary system, namely on the directly imaged planet β Pictoris b. We use VLTI/GRAVITY spectro-interferometry with an astrometric accuracy of 1 μas (microarcsecond) in the Brγ photospheric absorption line to measure the photocenter displacement associated with the stellar rotation. Taking inclination constraints from astroseismology into account, we constrain the three-dimensional orientation of the stellar spin axis and find that β Pic b orbits its host star on a prograde orbit. The angular momentum vectors of the stellar photosphere, the planet, and the outer debris disk are well aligned with mutual inclinations ≤3° ± 5°, which indicates that β Pic b formed in a system without significant primordial misalignments. Our results demonstrate the potential of infrared interferometry to measure the spin–orbit alignment for wide-separation planetary systems, probing a highly complementary regime to the parameter space accessible with the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect. If the low obliquity is confirmed by measurements on a larger sample of wide-separation planets, it would lend support to theories that explain the obliquity in Hot Jupiter systems with dynamical scattering and the Kozai–Lidov mechanism.
Looking for NTDs in the skin; an entry door for offering patient centered holistic care
Authors: Abdela Seid Getahun , Diro Ermias , Zewdu Feleke Tilahun , Berhe Fentaw Tadese , Yeshaneh Wendimagegn Enbiale , Tamirat Koku Sisay , Tweya Hannock , Timire Collins , Van Griensven Johan
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The majority of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) have established primary skin manifestations or associated clinical feature. Skin NTDs often result in physical impairment and disfigurement, which can lead to disability. Skin diseases have been proposed as an entry point for integrated NTDs control. However, the magnitude and overlap of skin NTDs is poorly understood.

Methodology: An institution-based cross-sectional study was done using medical records of dermatology patients between July 2017 and June 2018 in a dermatology service in Northeast Ethiopia. A total of 661 patient records were selected using simple random sampling.

Results: A total of 656 complete records were included in analysis. Skin NTDs constituted 17.2% (n = 113) of the overall of skin diseases. Of skin NTDS, cutaneous leishmaniasis (n = 40; 35.4%), leprosy (n = 38; 33.6%), and scabies (n = 31; 27.4%) were the most common. Additionally, there were four cases of mycetoma. Of the non NTDs, poverty-related infections such as superficial fungal (n = 118; 21.1%) and bacterial (n = 33; 5.2%) infections were also frequent. Tinea capitis was the most common superficial fungal infections. Impetigo and cellulitis were the predominant bacterial infections.

Conclusions: Skin NTDsand other poverty related skin infections were common at the dermatology service. Dermatological services could act as a good entry point for integrated management of skin NTDs. Future studies should assess how different preventive strategies like contact tracing, early diagnosis and mass drug administration can be integrated.
High levels of scabies and malnutrition amongst orphans referred to a hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Arega Balew , Diro Ermias , Zewude Taye , Getahun Tadesse , Agunie Asnake , Owiti Philip , Senkoro Mbazi , Van Henten Saskia
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Orphans are at high risk for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) and other comorbidities such as malnutrition. We investigated how many orphans suffered from scabies, other NTDs and malnutrition.

Methodology: A descriptive study using medical records of orphans referred to a teaching hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from December 2014 to December 2018 was done. Files documenting NTDs were reviewed in detail for age, referral diagnosis, and nutritional status. Nutritional assessment was done using the WHO Standard growth curve, classifying children as stunted (height for age Z score < -2SD or wasted (weight for length Z score < -2SD).

Results: Of the 852 orphans referred, 23.1% (196/852) was diagnosed with scabies, amongst which 28.1% (55/196) had multiple episodes. The median age (interquartile range) of the children with scabies was 3 (2-5) months. 85.2% (169/196) of the orphans with scabies were stunted and /or wasted. No other NTDs were reported. All of the scabies cases identified were not documented in the referral letter of the orphanage.

Conclusions: There is ongoing transmission of scabies among children in the orphanage. Amongst orphans with scabies, an alarmingly high percentage was malnourished. Referrals from orphanages may provide an opportunity to detect NTDs and this is being missed.
Potter wasps of the genus Labus (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) from Vietnam, with description of two new species
Authors: Nguyen Lien Thi Phuong , Carpenter James M.
Published: June 2020

Taxonomy of the potter wasps of the genus Labus from Vietnam is reviewed, with six species recorded. Of them, one species previously identified as L. clypeatus van der Vecht, 1935 is described as new, namely L. angulus, sp. nov. Another new species, Labus obtusussp. nov., is also described. In addition, a key to all species of the genus occurring in Vietnam is given.
A new species of Andrena (Trachandrena) from the Southwestern United States (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae)
Authors: Sheffield Cory S.
Published: June 2020

A new species of Andrena Fabricius, 1775,
subgenus Trachandrena Robertson, 1902 is described and illustrated, A. hadfieldisp. nov., from Arizona, United States. The new species, presently known only from the female holotype, was collected in a Malaise trap in 1994, and remained unstudied until recently. In addition, Trachandrena is compared to similar subgenera in North America to assist in recognizing new members.
La justice à l’épreuve des violences au sein du couple
Authors: Rome Isabelle
Published: June 2020

Les violences conjugales sont au cœur des combats féministes, faisant désormais l’objet d’une mobilisation sans précédent au sein de la société française. À travers des manifestations et des écrits, ou par le biais des réseaux sociaux, cette dernière met en cause les pouvoirs publics, qu’elle accuse souvent d’inaction dans ce domaine. La justice ne peut rester sourde à cette interpellation. Par une politique volontariste initiée en 2019, le ministère de la Justice s’est notamment engagé dans une démarche de concertation avec la société civile. Quelles en sont les ressorts, les limites, et les espoirs ?
La mythologie de l’égalité : entre valeur républicaine et féminisme de l’altérité
Authors: Sénac Réjane
Published: June 2020

L’égalité femmes-hommes est désormais un sujet politique incontournable. Sa proclamation, le 25 novembre 2017, comme grande cause du quinquennat par le président Macron participe d’un récit politique l’érigeant en valeur de la République française. Cela signifie-t-il que, dans la France du début du xxi e  siècle, le féminisme est devenu un consensus, ou n’est-il pas plutôt une novlangue ? Nous répondrons à cette interrogation en questionnant l’actualité et l’actualisation de la cohabitation paradoxale de deux mythes entremêlés, l’égalité et la complémentarité femmes-hommes.
Une cassure de l’accès symbolique à la maternité dans le nouage de l’alcoolisme féminin
Authors: Favennec Mathieu , Planche Pascale , Sculo Chaiban Tiphaine
Published: June 2020

La période actuelle, dite « moderne », nous convoque à une restructuration du rapport aux objets. Nos contemporains réinventent le discours théorique, teinté de néologismes, afin de saisir ce qui est induit par cette modernité. De l’individu à l’hyper-consommateur, le capitalisme du xx e siècle nous a transportés vers un monde de plus-de-jouir, véhiculant lui-même l’hyper-consommation. De cette dernière, certains sujets peuvent trouver une fonction dans l’addiction. L’énigme de cette clinique est de pouvoir entendre, dans cet innommable que constitue une conduite addictive, si la fonction est dépendante d’une catégorisation. La question qui sera ici posée est la suivante : se peut-il qu’il existe une fonction propre au genre féminin quand on parle d’addiction ? À travers trois cas cliniques, venant d’horizons nationaux différents, nous étudierons cette fonction sous le prisme du rapport à la projection maternelle.
Development of a Clinical Judgment Measurement Model-Based Simulation Module for Ileus: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Jang Aeri , Kim Suhyun , Song Mi Ok
Published: June 2020

Background:

Despite the increasing prevalence of simulation education, a specific clinical judgment measurement model-based simulation module for ileus has yet to be developed.

Method:

Using a mixed-methods research design, quantitative data were collected through a survey, and qualitative data were collected through reflective journals. Collected data were used to develop a simulation module, which subsequently was implemented with 88 nursing students from Korea.

Results:

Quantitative analyses confirmed the module effectively improved participants' knowledge of ileus, clinical skill, and performance ability. Qualitative analysis of the journals identified five themes and 11 subthemes in three domains.

Conclusion:

The developed scenario effectively enhanced nursing students' learning, implying that similar modules for various diseases may help students to acquire necessary nursing skills. However, current results cannot be generalized; a more accurate analysis of its effects requires further and repeated studies to compare clinical decision-based simulation modules with modules that apply different learning methods.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(7):382–387.]
A Process Framework to Migrate Legacy Application to Cloud
Authors: Yadav Sanjeev Kumar , Khare Akhil , Choudhary Kavita
Published: June 2020

An enterprise has a challenge in keeping pace with the quickly evolving technology. The biggest challenge comes in terms of legacy application migration to technologies like cloud. Legacy application migration should be well thought out at the very start (i.e., pre-migration and supported by migration framework). In this chapter, the author proposes a legacy application migration framework with a focus on pre-migration area. A robust technical and business analysis of existing/legacy applications, based on the enterprise's focus parameters, during pre-migration sets the migration path for subsequent area of framework. The proposed pre-migration mathematical assessment helps an enterprise to understand a legacy application's current state and also helps in unearthing the information with respect to candidate application and helps in taking well-informed decisions like GO or NO-GO w.r.t legacy application migration. Considering application migration a journey, it is important that it reaches its destination, so pre-migration is an important area of the migration journey.
Light Fidelity
Authors: Neha  , Gupta Pooja
Published: June 2020

This chapter discusses the relevant effects of li-fi technology in data transfer. The chapter should enable the reader to identify and relate to evolving data transmission technology. The chapter gives details of the basic components of li-fi. This chapter also discusses data transmission through light. The chapter should enable the reader to identify the difference between VLC and li-fi communication. The chapter also discusses the important properties, misconceptions, and limitations of this emerging technique. Furthermore, how various modulation techniques used in li-fi and its advantages over wi-fi technology has been mentioned in this chapter. The authors elucidate the major challenges and application areas of li-fi.
Systematic Literature Review on Global Strategy
Authors: deMatos Nelson , Sánchez Jiménez Miguel Ángel , Ramos Célia M. Q. , Baptista Nuno , Ferreira João José de Matos
Published: June 2020

The global economy changed the way products and services are exchange and reminded organizations' managers to find new ways to obtain competitive advantage and formulate their strategy in the global market. Thus, this chapter's aim is to perform a systematic literature review to identify the main theoretical topics of global strategy in the past 43 years using bibliometric analysis. The results allowed to identify and cluster five main trends: Cluster 1 – firm performance in the global market; Cluster 2 – power and market space development; Cluster 3 – government regulation, government and regulation; Cluster 4 – economic periods; Cluster 5 – societal changes. Findings also allowed to find potential gaps in global strategy related with the topics of entrepreneurship, competitive strategy, capitalism, transitions, climate change, law, portfolio, financial performance, global sourcing, and global value chain. Conclusions are drawn.
Selfie Journalism and Politics
Authors: Panagiotidis Kosmas , Maniou Theodora A. , Veglis Andreas
Published: June 2020

A theoretical idea of convergence between journalism and selfie photographs in a single framework led academic researchers to identify and examine a new tendency in journalism, which they termed selfie journalism. This chapter investigates the relationship between selfie journalism and politics. Based on quantitative analysis, the authors seek to examine the uses and benefits of selfie journalism during elections. The aim of the study is twofold: first, to examine the use of selfie journalism in political campaigning and, second, to examine the impact of this phenomenon on the media.
Gaming Digital Content Creation to Engage Youth in Participatory Politics
Authors: Dahdal Sohail
Published: June 2020

Social media platforms are increasingly used to disseminate political messages resulting in significant increase of political content exposure among youth. However, research has shown that this increase in consumption does not correlate positively with an increased interest in politics. This high exposure versus low interest indicates a certain level of apathy towards political participation. This chapter proposes that in order for youth to experience a stronger engagement in participatory politics, they need to feel challenged and skilled enough to be able to participate effectively in participatory politics by creating political content on digital media platforms. This chapter draws on Csikszentmihalyi's flow theory premise that a state of total absorption, or “flow,” can be attained in a game-like environment in which the actors are highly skilled and the challenges match their skills. The author proposes a framework that relies on a multi-phased ‘skill and challenge' youth training program in a game-like collaborative environment to improve youth participation in politics.
The Twisted Fairy Tale Behind How Light-Skinned Girls Are ‘Trending'
Authors: Majumdar Monica
Published: June 2020

This research study is an exploration of the ways in which a beauty ideal is constructed from the promotion of skin lightening products across social media platforms Instagram and Facebook. In addition, it investigates consumers of skin-lightening products, the social media ‘influence' behind the adverts and their response to these advertisements, in a particular ethnic community: British Bangladeshi. The study through the examination of respondent's skincare regime using photo-elicitation and semi-structured interviews sought to deconstruct their aesthetics through skin colouring products. Combining visual discourse analysis from social media advertisements, the study presents the voices and experiences of the seven women to show how they construct their identities through the ‘fantasy' of whiter skin.
Climate Change and Sustainability Issues in Indian Newspapers
Authors: Thirumalaiah Nirmala , Aram I. Arul
Published: June 2020

Climate change conferences had wide media coverage – be it on newspaper, radio, television or the internet. The terms such as ‘climate change', ‘global warming', and ‘El Nino' are gaining popularity among the public. This study examines the news coverage of climate change issues in the major daily newspapers—The Times of India, The Hindu in English, and the Dina Thanthi, Dinamalar, and Dinamani in regional language (Tamil)—for the calendar years 2014 and 2015. This chapter describes how climate change influences nature and human life, and it is the basis for social and economic development. The news coverage of climate change and sustainability issues helps the reader better understand the concepts and perspectives of environment. Climate change communication in regional newspapers and local news stories may increase the public's interest and knowledge level regarding climate change and sustainability issues.
Spatial diversity of planktonic protists in the Lagoon of Venice (LTER-Italy) based on 18S rDNA
Authors: Armeli Minicante Simona , Piredda Roberta , Finotto Stefania , Bernardi Aubry Fabrizio , Acri Francesco , Pugnetti Alessandra , Zingone Adriana
Published: June 2020

Transitional waters are subject to a high degree of variability in space and time. In this study, protist plankton communities of the Lagoon of Venice were compared among four sites characterised by different environmental conditions with a metabarcoding approach. High throughput sequencing (HTS) of the V4-18S rDNA fragment in 32 samples collected on four dates, from April 2016 to February 2017, produced 1,137,113 reads, which were grouped into 4,058 OTUs at 97% similarity. Bacillariophyta and Ciliophora were the most abundant groups in the entire dataset in terms of read number (27.6% and 16.6%, respectively), followed by Dinophyta (10.9%), Cryptophyceae (9.7%), and Syndiniales (6.1%). The contribution of protist groups markedly varied across the seasons, but spatial differences were also recorded in the lagoon. In April, a higher contribution of Bacillariophyta characterized St1 and 5 (68.0% and 61.1%), whereas Sts2 and 3 showed a higher percentage of Ciliophora (18.6 and 23.4%, respectively) and dinoflagellates (10.3 and 7.7%). In July, diatom blooms occurred at Sts1, 2 and 3, with some differences in the dominant species. At St2 Dinophyta reached the highest contribution of the whole sampling period in the area (30.6%), while St5 was quite distinct, with a low contribution of diatoms and a dominance of Ciliophora (34.0%) and Trebouxiophyceae (36.4%). All the stations in November were characterized by relatively high abundance of Ciliophora (21.4-51.9%). In February, diatom contribution was relevant only at St5 (29.3%), Teleaulax acuta peaked at St3 (ca. 36%), Syndiniales at St2 (38.8%) and Dictyochophyceae at St1 (24.2%).  The α-diversity indexes (observed OTUs, Shannon and Pielou evenness) showed a high variability over space and time. Overall, diversity and community composition were rather similar between the intermediate and deeper Sts2 and 3 on all sampling dates whereas they at time differed between the landward and shallow Sts1 and 5. While the most marked differences occurred over the temporal scale, the depth of the station and the relatedness with the external marine coastal environment appear to play a major role in the spatial distribution of protist communities within the lagoon.
The importance of geriatric and surgical co-management of elderly in muscoloskeletal oncology: A literature review
Authors: Vitiello Raffaele , Bellieni Andrea , Oliva Maria Serena , Di Capua Beatrice , Fusco Domenico , Careri Silvia , Colloca Giuseppe Ferdinando , Perisano Carlo , Maccauro Giulio , Lillo Marco
Published: June 2020

People over 65 years old are the fastestgrowing part of the population and also the most common population in oncological practice. The geriatric co-assessment when involved in the management of orthopedic elderly patients could improve the survival and clinical outcomes of the patients. The aim of this review is to understand the importance of comprehensive geriatric assessment in elderly cancer orthopaedic patients affected by bone and soft tissue sarcoma in order to apply it and identify the mean surgical prognostic factors of this population.
Bifocal parosteal osteoma of femur: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Vitiello Raffaele , Greco Tommaso , Cianni Luigi , Careri Silvia , Oliva Maria Serena , Gessi Marco , De Martino Ivan , Bocchi Maria Beatrice , Maccauro Giulio , Perisano Carlo
Published: June 2020

Osteoma is a benign, slowly growing, asymptomatic, bone-forming tumor arising from cancellous or compact bone. Osteoma usually is a solitary lesion, but in patients with Gardner’s Syndrome it may be multiple. osteoma may rarely have a parosteal localization. Parosteal osteoma has peculiar radiographic, histologic and clinical features. We describe a case report of a 51- years old man with a bifocal parosteal osteoma of the femur in a non-syndromic patient. This is the first described patient with a bifocal lesion. In literature only 24 cases of paraosteal osteoma are found. Our patient underwent surgery and the lesions were fully excised. At one year follow-up there was no evidence of recurrence.
A rare case of tertiary syphilis spondylodiscitis of the upper cervical spine: Diagnostic and therapeutic complexity, review of literature
Authors: Cipolloni Valerio , Nasto Luigi Aurelio , Piccone Luca , Santagada Domenico Alessandro , Sangiorgi Virginia , Pola Roberto , Leone Antonello , Pola Enrico
Published: June 2020

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochetes Treponema pallidum. Syphilitic spinal lesions present as erosive bone lesions often simulating spondylodiscitis or cancer. In this article we describe a rare case of cervical osteolytic lesion from tertiary syphilis. A 45-year-old male with axial neck pain, without fever presented with an isolated osteolytic lesion at C3. Tuberculous spondylitis was initially suspected. A new CT and contrast enhanced MRI of the cervical spine and of the neck showed an extention of the bone lesion at C3 with bilateral lymphadenomegaly. To confirm the diagnosis of tertiary syphilis, US-guided biopsy of the lymph nodes was performed. The patient was treated with i.m. benzylpenicillin 2.4 MIU and the follow-up showed clinical and radiological resolution of the condition. The aim of this case report is to raise awareness of tertiary syphilis in the differential diagnosis of lytic lesions of the spine among the spinal community.
Physical therapies for the conservative treatment of the trigger finger: a narrative review
Authors: Ferrara Paola Emilia , Codazza Sefora , Maccauro Giulio , Zirio Gianfranco , Ferriero Giorgio , Ronconi Gianpaolo
Published: June 2020

Trigger finger (TF) disorder is a sudden release or locking of a finger during flexion or extension. Treatments for this disease are conservative and surgical, including NSAIDs, hand splints, corticosteroid injections, physical therapies and percutaneous or open surgery. However, the effectiveness about the optimal treatment of TF is still in lack of evidence. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of physical therapies as conservative treatment for trigger finger. A comprehensive literature search of the MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane Library Databases and PEDro databases has been conducted without limits because few papers were published about this argument. The literature search identified four papers in PubMed. Two types of physical therapies were used in the conservative management of trigger finger: external shock wave therapy (ESWT) in three papers, and ultrasound therapy (UST) in one paper. ESWT is an effective and safe therapy for the conservative management of TF. It seems to reduce pain and trigger severity and to improve functional level and quality of life. UST has proven to be useful to prevent the recurrence of TF symptoms. Even if the results suggest the effectiveness of ESWT and UST for TF, future studies are necessary to understand the characteristics of the optimal treatment protocol for trigger finger.
Arthroscopic treatment of an unusual distal clavicle ostheochondroma causing rotator cuff impingement: case report and literature review
Authors: Messinese Piermarco , Vismara Valeria , Sircana Giuseppe , Campana Vincenzo , Mocini Fabrizio , Cardona Valentina , Monteleone Andrea S. , De Vitis Rocco , Maccauro Giulio , Saccomanno Maristella F.
Published: June 2020

Chronic shoulder impingement is one of the most common causes of shoulder pain. Intrinsic, extrinsic and secondary factors play a role in this syndrome; however the etiology of the pathology is still under debate. In rare cases, it can be caused by tumors, such as an osteochondroma. In the present study, a 49-year-old patient presented with shoulder pain for 6 months. Initially he underwent conservative treatment, without relief of symptoms. X-rays and MRI were then performed and showed the presence of an exostotic formation on the undersurface of the lateral third of the clavicle. The formation was arthroscopically removed. Histologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of osteochondroma. After surgery, the patient resumed fully activities with no symptoms within 3 months. At 1 year follow up, there are still no clinical or radiological signs of recurrence. This is, to our knowledge, the first case where an arthroscopic approach was used to remove an ostochondroma of the distal third of the clavicle.
Thoracic spine fracture associated with an extradural lipoma: Case report and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Noia Giovanni , Basilico Mattia , Vitiello Raffaele , Perna Andrea , Leone Antonio , Rumi Nicolò , Tamburrelli Francesco Ciro
Published: June 2020

Isolated extradural lipoma (IEL), not associated to spinal dysraphisms, is a rare condition. Frequently IEL was confused with much more frequent diffuse lipomatosis. The lesion can be completely asymptomatic and occasionally diagnosed with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. This paper describes a case of a patient with an axial compression fracture of the thoracic spine associated with an extradural lipoma. We also performed a systematic review of the pertinent literature in order to retrieve the key information regarding: the diagnosis, the clinical features and the treatment.
Afrikaners in post-apartheid South Africa: Inward migration and enclave nationalism
Authors: Van der Westhuizen Christi
Published: June 2020

South Africa’s transition to democracy coincided and interlinked with massive global shifts, including the fall of communism and the rise of western capitalist triumphalism. Late capitalism operates through paradoxical global-local dynamics, both universalising identities and expanding local particularities. The erstwhile hegemonic identity of apartheid, ‘the Afrikaner’, was a product of Afrikaner nationalism. Like other identities, it was spatially organised, with Afrikaner nationalism projecting its imagined community (‘the volk’) onto a national territory (‘white South Africa’). The study traces the neo-nationalist spatial permutations of ‘the Afrikaner’, following Massey’s (2005) understanding of space as (1) political, (2) produced through interrelations ranging from the global to micro intimacies, (3) potentially a sphere for heterogeneous co-existence, and (4) continuously created. Research is presented that shows a neo-nationalist revival of ethnic privileges in a defensive version of Hall’s ‘return to the local’ (1997a). Although Afrikaner nationalism’s territorial claims to a nation state were defeated, neo-nationalist remnants reclaim a purchase on white Afrikaans identities, albeit in shrunken territories. This phenomenon is, here, called Afrikaner enclave nationalism. Drawing on a global revamping of race as a category of social subjugation, a strategy is deployed that is here called ‘inward migration’. These dynamics produce a privatised micro-apartheid in sites ranging from homes, to commercial and religious enterprises, to suburbs. Virtual white spaces in the form of Afrikaans media products serve as extensions of these whitened locales. The lynchpin holding it all together is the heteronormative, middle-class family, with consumption the primary mode of the generation of its white comfort zones.
Cancer and COVID-19: Currently in Race for the Title of “The Emperor of All Maladies!”
Authors: Wadhwa Jyoti , Saigal Aniket
Published: June 2020

Cancer has been the undisputed “Emperor of All Maladies” till now. The current COVID-19 pandemic has created havoc and seems to have displaced cancer from this notorious title. This narrative examines the facts and figures that have led to this succession.
Management of “Ultra-High Risk” Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia at a Tertiary Center in India
Authors: Patel Shilpa M , Arora Ruchi , Tiwari Rajnish , Poddar Pabashi , Desai Ava , Mankad Meeta H , Panchal Harsha P
Published: June 2020

Aims: The aim of this study is to identify clinicopathological features associated with increased morbidity and mortality in cases of “ultra-high risk” gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) and to compare initial low-dose etoposide-cisplatin (EP) induction chemotherapy with respect to etoposide methotrexate adriamycin cyclophosphamide vincristine (EMACO) regimen. Settings and Design: This was a retrospective study of patients of high-risk GTN from January 2012 to December 2016 with criteria mentioned as “ultra-high-risk group;” pathological or suspected diagnosis of choriocarcinoma, multiple (>20) pulmonary metastases or associated with hemoptysis, brain metastases, large-volume liver metastases, profuse vaginal bleeding, human chorionic gonadotropin >1000,000 IU/L, interval since the last antecedent pregnancy of >2.8 years. Subjects and Methods: Comparison between the two groups of chemotherapy regimens and the median number of chemotherapy courses required to achieve complete remission was done Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 18 and Fisher's exact test with P value statistically significant at the level of 0.05. Results: Thirty-seven cases were high-risk GTN and 24 were “ultra-high risk.” The higher percentage of patients underwent remission of disease following low-dose induction chemotherapy as compared to primary EMACO therapy, 71.4% versus 58.8%. No resistance to second-line chemotherapy was noted, and no surgical intervention was required in the patients receiving low-dose induction chemotherapy before EMACO. Conclusions: We noted a decrease in the proportion of patients developing resistance to primary chemotherapy and lesser adverse effects in those receiving initial low-dose induction EP chemotherapy.
Endobronchial Lesion and Pericardial Extension of Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Rare Concomitant Presentation
Authors: Srikanta J T , Kumar K M Chandan
Published: June 2020

Concomitant endobronchial lesion and pericardial effusion/extension in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are extremely rare and can be clinically confused with disseminated tuberculosis or aggressive non-HL changing both management and prognosis. We present a 15-year-old adolescent with complaints of fever, weight loss, and acute onset of cough, chest pain, and breathing difficulty. Computed tomography of the thorax showed moderate-to-significant pericardial effusion/extension with significant mediastinal adenopathy. A bronchoscopy demonstrated a well-defined polypoidal mass lesion in the right upper lobe bronchus. Endobronchial biopsy of the lesion with endobronchial ultrasound/transbronchial needle aspiration of mediastinal lymphadenopathy categorically diagnosed with classic HL.
The Role of Leukoaraiosis on Outcomes and Recombinant Tissue-Plasminogen Activator-Related Symptomatic Intracerebral Hemorrhages in Acute Stroke
Authors: Eryildiz Ezgi Sezer , Özdemir Atilla Özcan , Yılmaz Dilek , Baş Demet Funda
Published: June 2020

Background and Purpose:

We aimed to assess whether severe leukoaraiosis (LA) is associated with outcomes and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhages (sICH) in patients who were treated with recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator (rt-PA) for acute stroke.

Methods:

We analyzed the data of anterior circulation stroke patients who were treated with rt-PA at our stroke center during 2009–2016. LA was scored according to the van Swieten scale (VSS) on computed tomography (CT) and dichotomized into groups as absent or moderate versus severe LA. We used the safe implementation of thrombolysis in stroke definition for sICH and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at 3 months after rt-PA were recorded.

Results:

Of 302 patients, 47 (15.6%) showed severe LA (VSS >4) on CT. The overall sICH rate was 3.6%. Moreover, sICH was significantly more frequent in patients with severe LA (n = 5 of 47; 10.6%) than in patients with absent/moderate LA (n = 6 of 255; 2.4%; P = 0.017). In addition, patients with severe LA had higher baseline glucose level (P = 0.006) and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.005) compared to patients with absent/moderate LA. Patients with severe LA were more likely to have a poor outcome (mRS: 3–6) compared to those without severe LA (P = 0.009).

Conclusion:

The presence of severe LA on CT increases the risk of sICH and poor outcome in patients treated with rt-PA for acute stroke.
Comparison of Medium Supplements in Terms of the Effects on the Differentiation of SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line
Authors: Serdar Belgin Sert , Erkmen Tuğba , Ergür Bekir Uğur , Akan Pınar , Koçtürk Semra
Published: June 2020

Objective:

Human SH-SY5Y cell line has been frequently used for in vitro experiments in neuroscience-related research. To reflect a better neuronal characteristic the cell line needs to a differentiation. To compare the results obtained from in vitro models, the similarity of the phenotype and characteristic of the cells has great importance. However, many studies have been performed using the different medium ingredients which affect the differentiation progress of the cells. Therefore, we aimed to compare generally used differentiation mediums, contain only retinoic acid (RA) and supplemented with different ingredients, in the aspect of neuron-like phenotype characteristics and stability.

Materials and Methods:

The effects of medium ingredients on differentiation levels were evaluated using morphological changing, neurite length, and immunofluorescence detection of neuronal markers such as NFH, β-III Tubulin, and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2). The stability of differentiated cells was followed microscopically at the 7th, 10th, and 14th days by morphological changings and neurite length using Neuron J software.

Results:

The results revealed that the cells pretreated with RA for 5-day treatment and followed by 5-day treatment with the mix medium and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), provided significantly higher neurite length than the other groups (P < 0.001). In this group, the expressions of β-tubulin III, MAP2, and NF-H were also significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.001, and P < 0.05, respectively) and differentiated cells were stable until the 7th day.

Conclusion:

The results demonstrated that enriched mediums are necessary for a better differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. We recommend 10-day treatment period and using of RA, BDNF, dc-AMP, KCI together in SH-SY5Y cell differentiation.
Bilateral Nerve Conduction Studies Must Be Considered in the Diagnosis of Sciatic Nerve Injury Due to Intramuscular Injection
Authors: Fidanci Halit , Öztürk İlker , Köylüoğlu Ahmet Candan , Yıldız Mehmet , Arlıer Zülfikar
Published: June 2020

Objectives:

Although compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitudes of the nerves are reduced in sciatic nerve injury due to intramuscular injection (SNIII), they may still be higher than the reference values if there is a mild axonal degeneration. In this case, comparing the outcomes of nerve conduction studies of intact and affected lower extremities becomes important. We aimed to determine the role of this comparison in the diagnosis of SNIII.

Methods:

Patients with SNIII were included. Reference values for lower extremity nerve conduction studies were obtained from healthy participants. Peroneal, posterior tibial, superficial peroneal, and sural nerve conduction studies were performed in both lower extremities. In the first analysis, the CMAP or SNAP amplitude of the nerve was considered abnormal if it was less than the reference value. In the second analysis, the CMAP or SNAP amplitude of the nerve was considered abnormal if it was less than the reference value or <50% of the CMAP or SNAP amplitude obtained from the intact limb nerve.

Results:

Thirty patients and 31 controls were included in the study. Compared with those found in the first analysis, the number of posterior tibial nerve CMAPs with reduced amplitudes, and the sural and superficial peroneal nerve SNAPs with reduced amplitudes were higher in the second analysis (P = 0.008, P < 0.001, and P = 0.031; respectively).

Conclusion:

This study showed that nerve conduction studies should be performed in both the intact and affected extremities in SNIII.
Vestibular Migraine
Authors: Akdal Gülden , Özçelik Pınar , Özge Aynur
Published: June 2020

A temporal overlap between vestibular symptoms, such as vertigo and head movement intolerance, and migraine symptoms, such as headache, photophobia, and phonophobia, is a requisite diagnostic criterion for the diagnosis of vestibular migraine (VM). Diagnostic criteria for VM have been proposed by an International Vestibular Research Group (the Bárány Society) and a headache research group (International Headache Society); however, in practice, it is still acceptable to divide patients suspected of VM into “definite VM” and “probable VM” groups. Here, a neuro-otologist and a headache specialist consider VM from their own points of view using four real cases, two from a dizzy clinic and two from a headache clinic, with expert opinions and arguments according to the current literature. The management is summarized on the basis of mechanism and comorbidity and the importance of prophylactic medication.
Electrodiagnostic Patterns of Demyelination and Hughes Functional Grading in Typical Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy
Authors: Towman Fatin Hatim , Hamdan Farqad Bader
Published: June 2020

Background:

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is characterized by progressive or relapsing motor or sensory symptoms, with variants differing in the relative distribution of these symptoms and electrophysiologic findings. We aimed to correlate the electrodiagnostic patterns of demyelination using Hughes Functional Grading Scale in patients with CIDP.

Methods:

A case–control study was conducted at the neurophysiology department of Al-Imamian Al-Kadhymian Medical city and Nursing Home Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad from December 2017 to June 2018. Fifteen patients with CIDP aged 30–60 years with disease duration between 6 months and 2 years and 20 age-matched healthy subjects (control group) were included in the study. The participants were submitted to medical history, clinical neurological examination, and electrophysiologic tests.

Results:

Patients with CIDP demonstrated prolonged distal sensory and motor latencies, decreased sensory nerve action potential amplitude, slowing of sensory and motor nerve conduction velocity, and prolonged mean F-wave latency. The majority showed absent sural sensory responses. Significant relationships were demonstrated between the Hughes Functional Grading Scale and different neurophysiologic parameters, and no correlation was found with the terminal latency index.

Conclusions:

Patients with high Hughes functional scoring also have severe abnormalities in motor parameters, usually in the range of demyelination. The involvement of nerve segments was multifocal affecting mostly the proximal and intermediate nerve segments; the terminal segments were involved to a lesser extent.
Variation of constants formula and exponential dichotomy for nonautonomous non-densely defined Cauchy problems
Authors: Magal Pierre , Seydi Ousmane
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we extend to the non-Hille–Yosida case a variation of constants formula for a nonautonomous and nonhomogeneous Cauchy problems first obtained by Gühring and Räbiger. By using this variation of constants formula, we derive a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of an exponential dichotomy for the evolution family generated by the associated nonautonomous homogeneous problem. We also prove a persistence result of the exponential dichotomy for small perturbations. Finally, we illustrate our results by considering two examples. The first example is a parabolic equation with nonlocal and nonautonomous boundary conditions, and the second example is an age-structured model that is a hyperbolic equation.
Bounding the Iwasawa invariants of Selmer groups
Authors: Kleine Sören
Published: June 2020

We study the growth of p-primary Selmer groups of abelian varieties with good ordinary reduction at p in

${{Z}}_p$
-extensions of a fixed number field K. Proving that in many situations the knowledge of the Selmer groups in a sufficiently large number of finite layers of a

${{Z}}_p$
-extension over K suffices for bounding the over-all growth, we relate the Iwasawa invariants of Selmer groups in different

${{Z}}_p$
-extensions of K. As applications, we bound the growth of Mordell–Weil ranks and the growth of Tate-Shafarevich groups. Finally, we derive an analogous result on the growth of fine Selmer groups.
Prevalence of Internal Helminth Parasites of Fish in Gilgel-Gibe River and Three Selected Ponds in and Around Jimma Town, South West Ethiopia
Authors: Gebreegziabher Hailekiros , Degefu Hailu , Tsegay Assefa Kebede
Published: June 2020

In the current study, 308 Oreochromis niloticus and 76 Barbus species were subjected to standard postmortem and parasitological examinations. Of them, 30.9% of fish harbored at least one or more helminth parasites in their kidney, pericardial and brachial cavity. Parasite genera identified were Contracaecum (18.5%) Clinostomum (6.5%) and Euclinostomum (3.9%). The overall prevalence in O. niloticus was 38.6% but no parasite was identified in Barbus species. Despite higher prevalence was recorded in O. niloticus collected from Seka-Chekorsa pond (57.1%) and the least from Furustale ponds (30.9%), there was no statistical significance variation (P>0.05) among fishes collected from different ponds and Gilgel-Gibe River. Statistically significant differences were recorded among the different age groups of O. niloticus (χ2 = 12.1, Df= 3; P<0.05), with high prevalence in fingerlings (55.5%) and juvenile (53.1%) as compared to young (36.5%) and adult fish (29.4%). In conclusion, fish parasitism constitutes a huge health threat to O. niloticus. Lastly, the current study revealed that Barbus species showed some resistance for parasitic helminthes at least identified in this study. Therefore, detailed study in Barbus immunity against the mentioned helminthes and awareness creation on the overall fish management is recommended.
Modelos de treinamento em endocrinologia
Authors: Silva Rafael de Azevedo , Ferreira Nayane Catarina de Jesus , Silva Pamela Ferreira da , Lima Renata Rodrigues , Martins Carlliane Lima e Lins Pinto , Nascimento Franklin Coelho
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: O presente estudo objetivou realizar revisão sistemática sobre as pesquisas e modelos de treinamento em endocrinologia na literatura. Método: Foi realizado revisão nas bases de dados: SciElo, Lilacs, Medline, Pubmed, Google Acadêmico em busca de artigos, publicados entre 2014 e 2019, utilizando os descritores “Endocrinologia”, “Modelos Educacionais” e “Treinamento por simulação”. Resultados: Foram encontrados 364 artigos publicados e 2 teses de doutorado sendo 1 na SciElo, 0 no Lilacs, 5 no Medline, 358 no Pubmed e 2 no Google Acadêmico. Conclusão: Há carência na publicação de pesquisas ou desenvolvimento de modelos experimentais com intuito de desenvolver habilidades e competências na área da endocrinologia, seja para acadêmicos de medicina seja para residentes na especialidade. Dentre as pesquisas encontradas destacam-se sistemas de realidade virtual com intuito de biópsia em modelo de tireoide, modelos em endocrinologia reprodutiva, simulador para aplicação de insulina e simulação em computador para cetoacidose diabética.