bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cocktail of chelated minerals and phytogenic feed additives in the poultry industry: A review
Authors: Bhagwat Vishwanath Gopal , Balamurugan Ellusamy , Rangesh Paramesh
Published: February 2021

This review article delineates the role of chelated minerals and phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) cocktail supplementation in improving the overall health status and production performance of poultry birds and its economic effects in the poultry industry. Organically complexed minerals have many advantages over inorganic sources. It has improved absorption and efficacy, which meets the bird's requirements comfortably with a low-dose level. Hence, inorganic forms can be replaced with lower-dose levels of organic minerals without any adverse effects on production performances in broilers and layers. PFAs possess medicinal properties, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, adaptogenic, and immunomodulatory, therefore, could be recommended as supplements. They are also growth promoters that enhance the overall health status and augment poultry birds' production performance. Furthermore, the tremendous potential of PFAs could be extracted with the recent advances in science and technology. With the advantages of organically complexed minerals and multiple beneficial applications, there is a resurgence to develop PFAs as a cocktail of organic minerals to improve the overall health status of poultry birds and augment their productivity, which, in turn, helps the poultry industry to grow decisively and economically.
Specialized, systematic and powerful knowledge
Authors: Hordern Jim
Published: February 2021

This article starts with a comment on John White’s article published in 2019 in the London Review of Education, 17 (3), entitled ‘The end of powerful knowledge?’, and particularly on the point made about specialized knowledge and its relation to powerful knowledge. It is argued here that it is important to clarify the distinction between specialized knowledge, systematic knowledge, and what Young and Muller mean by powerful knowledge, as, while these are related, they are not equivalent. Not all specialized knowledge is codified and systematized, and not all systematic specialized knowledge is necessarily powerful. It is suggested that some of the characteristics attributed to powerful knowledge by Young and Muller, in particular ‘systematic revisability’ and its enactment in specialized communities, are crucial for understanding what they mean by powerful knowledge.
POST-NEUTERING URETHRAL SPHINCTER MECHANISM INCOMPETENCE IN FEMALE DOGS
Authors: Gomes Pöppl Álan , De Jesus Luciana , Cleff de Oliveira Milena
Published: February 2021

A castração de fêmeas caninas é uma cirurgia de rotina que visa principalmente a prevenção de doenças e o controle populacional da espécie. Ela não é, todavia, desprovida de consequências indesejáveis, e a incontinência urinária pós-castração é uma das mais significativas. Tratamento medicamentoso é preconizado para estes casos, sendo o emprego dos fármacos α-adrenérgicos e estrogênicos os mais frequentemente descritos na literatura. Entretanto, o uso de antidepressivos tricíclicos pode ser eficaz no controle dos sinais clínicos da incontinência. O mecanismo exato que envolve esta afecção ainda não é completamente entendido. Acredita-se que uma deficiência de estrógeno e consequente perda de tônus uretral sejam responsáveis pela ocorrência dos sinais, mas é possível que outros fatores como os níveis de gonadotrofinas e de hormônio liberador de gonadotrofinas estejam implicados na patogenia da incontinência urinária pós-castração.
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Sound Suppressor for a 5.56 mm Calibre
Authors: Huerta-Torres J. K. , Silva-Rivera U. S. , Verduzco-Cedeño V. F. , Flores-Herrera L. A. , Sandoval-Pineda J. M.
Published: February 2021

A sound suppressor is an internal or external device coupled to the barrel of a firearm. Its development has been historically related to the negative effects produced by the noise. This article presents the numerical and experimental analysis of a sound suppressor for a 5.56 mm caliber rifle. It was designed, manufactured, and tested inside a shooting tunnel for 911 m/s and 344 m/s velocities. Three geometric configurations with curved deflectors, conical deflectors, and finally with a reactive spiral capable of dissipating the acoustic wave were compared considering reactive and dissipative systems. The attenuation of the sound inside the silencer depends directly on the reduction of the projectile wave velocity and the deflagration of the gases at the instant of firing. Then the MIL-STD-1474E standard was used to carry out the experiments. The results in the computational numerical simulation show an average value of 143 dB for the considered three models, the Sound Pressure Level in the reactive core model decreased by 25% with respect to other proposals, which have an average value of 141 dB. These results can be useful to improve in the design of sound suppressors based on the needs of the users and under the specific characteristics of each weapon ballistic.
Od Redakcji
Authors: Churski Paweł
Published: February 2021

Zapraszamy Państwa do działu Nowości wydawniczych, w którym prezentujemy najnowsze prace autorstwa pracowników naszego Wydziału, których tematyka bezpośrednio wiąże się z problematyką rozwoju regionalnego i polityki regionalnej. W bieżącym numerze przedstawiamy Państwu dwie publikacje autorstwa dr hab. inż. Sylwii Staszewskiej prof. UAM wiążące się z Konkursem 4/2020 dla partnerów Krajowej Sieci Obszarów Wiejskich, w ramach dwuletniego planu operacyjnego KSOW na lata 2020–2021, z udziałem środków Europejskiego Funduszu Rolnego na rzecz Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich w ramach Programu Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich na lata 2014–2020. W dziale Nowości wydawnicze znalazła się też informacja o konferencji pt. „Sołeckie strategie rozwoju determinantą strategii rozwoju gminy” organizowanej przez nasz Wydział.
Funkcje grupy sąsiedzkiej na portalu społecznościowym w dobie pandemii
Authors: Sowada Tomasz
Published: February 2021

Niniejszy artykuł porusza zagadnienia związane z funkcjonowaniem grupy sąsiedzkiej na portalu Facebook w czasie pandemii COVID-19. Główną metodą badawczą było studium przypadku oparte na analizie treści publikowanych przez członków grupy w ciągu 30 dni od zanotowania pierwszego w Polsce potwierdzonego zakażenia koronawirusem COVID-19. W nawiązaniu do koncepcji typologii sąsiedztw autor przedstawia czynności sąsiedzkie, których realizacja była wspomagana w ramach działalności grupy, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem wpływu trwającej pandemii. Podsumowanie artykułu zawiera opis trzech, zidentyfikowanych w toku badań, funkcji, które pełniła grupa na portalu społecznościowym wobec społeczności sąsiedzkiej: (1) informacyjnej, (2) solidarnościowej, (3) psychologicznej.
Iran and Israel: The Inevitable War?
Authors: Inbar Efraim
Published: February 2021

This article reviews the ascendance of Iran in Middle East politics, the Iranian nuclear program, and the strategic implications of Iranian aspirations, which all increase the likelihood of direct armed conflict between Israel and Iran. It concludes that Iran’s nuclear and hegemonic ambitions remain uncurbed. Whatever efforts at “regime change” were made were unsuccessful, and Iran remains undeterred. Therefore, the likelihood of direct armed conflict between Israel and Iran is great.
Visual Familiarity Induced 5-Hz Oscillations and Improved Orientation and Direction Selectivities in V1
Authors: Gao Mang , Lim Sukbin , Chubykin Alexander A.
Published: February 2021

Neural oscillations play critical roles in information processing, communication between brain areas, learning, and memory. We have recently discovered that familiar visual stimuli can robustly induce 5-Hz oscillations in the primary visual cortex (V1) of awake mice after the visual experience. To gain more mechanistic insight into this phenomenon, we usedin vivopatch-clamp recordings to monitor the subthreshold activity of individual neurons during these oscillations. We analyzed the visual tuning properties of V1 neurons in naive and experienced mice to assess the effect of visual experience on the orientation and direction selectivity. Using optogenetic stimulation through the patch pipettein vivo, we measured the synaptic strength of specific intracortical and thalamocortical projectionsin vivoin the visual cortex before and after the visual experience. We found 5-Hz oscillations in membrane potential (Vm) and firing rates evoked in single neurons in response to the familiar stimulus, consistent with previous studies. Following the visual experience, the average firing rates of visual responses were reduced while the orientation and direction selectivities were increased. Light-evoked EPSCs were significantly increased for layer 5 (L5) projections to other layers of V1 after the visual experience, while the thalamocortical synaptic strength was decreased. In addition, we developed a computational model that could reproduce 5-Hz oscillations with enhanced neuronal selectivity following synaptic plasticity within the recurrent network and decreased feedforward input.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeural oscillations at around 5 Hz are involved in visual working memory and temporal expectations in primary visual cortex (V1). However, how the oscillations modulate the visual response properties of neurons in V1 and their underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we show that these oscillations may alter the orientation and direction selectivity of the layer 2/3 (L2/3) neurons and correlate with the synaptic plasticity within V1. Our computational recurrent network model reproduces all these observations and provides a mechanistic framework for studying the role of 5-Hz oscillations in visual familiarity.
REST Protects Dopaminergic Neurons from Mitochondrial and α-Synuclein Oligomer Pathology in an Alpha Synuclein Overexpressing BAC-Transgenic Mouse Model
Authors: Ryan Brent J. , Bengoa-Vergniory Nora , Williamson Matthew , Kirkiz Ecem , Roberts Rosalind , Corda Gabriele , Sloan Maximilian , Saqlain Saba , Cherubini Marta , Poppinga Josse , Bogetofte Helle , Cioroch Milena , Hester Svenja , Wade-Martins Richard
Published: February 2021

Alpha-synuclein pathology is associated with dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra (SN) of Parkinson's patients. Working across human and mouse models, we investigated mechanisms by which the accumulation of soluble α-synuclein oligomers leads to neurodegeneration. Biochemical analysis of the midbrain of α-synuclein overexpressing BAC-transgenic male and female mice revealed age- and region-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction and accumulation of damaged proteins downstream of the RE1 Silencing Transcription Factor (REST). Vulnerable SN dopaminergic neurons displayed low REST levels compared with neighboring protected SN GABAergic neurons, which correlated with the accumulation of α-synuclein oligomers and disrupted mitochondrial morphology. Consistent with a protective role, REST levels were reduced in patient induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons carrying theSNCA-Triplicationmutation, which accumulated α-synuclein oligomers and mitochondrial damage, and displayed REST target gene dysregulation. Furthermore, CRISPR-mediated REST KO induced mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired mitophagyin vitro. Conversely, REST overexpression attenuated mitochondrial toxicity and mitochondrial morphology disruption through the transcription factor PGC-1α. Finally, decreased α-synuclein oligomer accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction in mice correlated with nuclear REST and PGC-1α in protected SN GABAergic neurons compared with vulnerable dopaminergic neurons. Our findings show that increased levels of α-synuclein oligomers cause dopaminergic neuronal-specific dysfunction through mitochondrial toxicity, which can be attenuated by REST in an early model of Parkinsonian pathology. These findings highlight REST as a mediator of dopaminergic vulnerability in PD.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUnderstanding early Parkinsonian pathophysiology through studies of advanced preclinical models is fundamental to the translation of disease-modifying therapies. Here we show disease-relevant levels of α-synuclein expression in mice leads to accumulation of α-synuclein oligomers in the absence of overt aggregation, and mitochondrial dysfunction in dopaminergic neurons lacking the RE1 Silencing Transcription Factor. Our findings identify the mechanism of action of RE1 Silencing Transcription Factor and PGC-1α as mediators of dopaminergic vulnerability in α-synuclein BAC-transgenic mice and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic cultures, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets.
Expert Tool Users Show Increased Differentiation between Visual Representations of Hands and Tools
Authors: Schone Hunter R. , Maimon-Mor Roni O. , Baker Chris I. , Makin Tamar R.
Published: February 2021

The idea that when we use a tool we incorporate it into the neural representation of our body (embodiment) has been a major inspiration for philosophy, science, and engineering. While theoretically appealing, there is little direct evidence for tool embodiment at the neural level. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in male and female human subjects, we investigated whether expert tool users (London litter pickers:n= 7) represent their expert tool more like a hand (neural embodiment) or less like a hand (neural differentiation), as compared with a group of tool novices (n= 12). During fMRI scans, participants viewed first-person videos depicting grasps performed by either a hand, litter picker, or a non-expert grasping tool. Using representational similarity analysis (RSA), differences in the representational structure of hands and tools were measured within occipitotemporal cortex (OTC). Contrary to the neural embodiment theory, we find that the experts group represent their own tool less like a hand (not more) relative to novices. Using a case-study approach, we further replicated this effect, independently, in five of the seven individual expert litter pickers, as compared with the novices. An exploratory analysis in left parietal cortex, a region implicated in visuomotor representations of hands and tools, also indicated that experts do not visually represent their tool more similar to hands, compared with novices. Together, our findings suggest that extensive tool use leads to an increased neural differentiation between visual representations of hands and tools. This evidence provides an important alternative framework to the prominent tool embodiment theory.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIt is commonly thought that tool use leads to the assimilation of the tool into the neural representation of the body, a process referred to as embodiment. Here, we demonstrate that expert tool users (London litter pickers) neurally represent their own tool less like a hand (not more), compared with novices. Our findings advance our current understanding for how experience shapes functional organization in high-order visual cortex. Further, this evidence provides an alternative framework to the prominent tool embodiment theory, suggesting instead that experience with tools leads to more distinct, separable hand and tool representations.
Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Signal Motivational Salience Dependent on Internal State, Expectation, and Behavioral Context
Authors: Cho Jounhong Ryan , Chen Xinhong , Kahan Anat , Robinson J. Elliott , Wagenaar Daniel A. , Gradinaru Viviana
Published: February 2021

The ability to recognize motivationally salient events and adaptively respond to them is critical for survival. Here, we tested whether dopamine (DA) neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) contribute to this process in both male and female mice. Population recordings of DRNDAneurons during associative learning tasks showed that their activity dynamically tracks the motivational salience, developing excitation to both reward-paired and shock-paired cues. The DRNDAresponse to reward-predicting cues was diminished after satiety, suggesting modulation by internal states. DRNDAactivity was also greater for unexpected outcomes than for expected outcomes. Two-photon imaging of DRNDAneurons demonstrated that the majority of individual neurons developed activation to reward-predicting cues and reward but not to shock-predicting cues, which was surprising and qualitatively distinct from the population results. Performing the same fear learning procedures in freely-moving and head-fixed groups revealed that head-fixation itself abolished the neural response to aversive cues, indicating its modulation by behavioral context. Overall, these results suggest that DRNDAneurons encode motivational salience, dependent on internal and external factors.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDopamine (DA) contributes to motivational control, composed of at least two functional cell types, one signaling for motivational value and another for motivational salience. Here, we demonstrate that DA neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) encode the motivational salience in associative learning tasks. Neural responses were dynamic and modulated by the animal's internal state. The majority of single-cells developed responses to reward or paired cues, but not to shock-predicting cues. Additional experiments with freely-moving and head-fixed mice showed that head-fixation abolished the development of cue responses during fear learning. This work provides further characterization on the functional roles of overlooked DRNDApopulations and an example that neural responses can be altered by head-fixation, which is commonly used in neuroscience.
MAPK signaling regulates c‐MYC for melanoma cell adaptation to asparagine restriction
Authors: Pathria Gaurav , Verma Sachin , Yin Jun , Scott David A , Ronai Ze’ev A
Published: February 2021

Amino acid restriction is among promising potential cancer treatment strategies. However, cancer cells employ a multitude of mechanisms to mount resistance to amino acid restriction, which impede the latter’s clinical development. Here we show that MAPK signaling activation in asparagine‐restricted melanoma cells impairs GSK3‐β‐mediated c‐MYC degradation. In turn, elevated c‐MYC supports ATF4 translational induction by enhancing the expression of the amino acid transporter SLC7A5, increasing the uptake of essential amino acids, and the subsequent maintenance of mTORC1 activity in asparagine‐restricted melanoma cells. Blocking the MAPK‐c‐MYC‐SLC7A5 signaling axis cooperates with asparagine restriction to effectively suppress melanoma cell proliferation. This work reveals a previously unknown axis of cancer cell adaptation to asparagine restriction and informs mechanisms that may be targeted for enhanced therapeutic efficacy of asparagine limiting strategies.
Oboczne formy zaimków dzierżawczych mój, twój, swój w języku mówionym mieszkańców miast
Authors: Kułak Beata
Published: February 2021

The article concerns side forms of possessive pronouns my, your, one’s. Pronouns contracted forms in a spoken language are subject of particular interest. Collections of city speech texts representing speech of several Polish regions city inhabitants (Kraków, Poznań, Łódź, Zagłębie and Silesia inhabitants speech, as well as children speech from various cities and environments) have been the material basis of the study. The conclusions of the analysis may be generalized in the following way. In a spoken language of city inhabitants there are mostly non-contracted forms of possessive pronouns my, your, one’s. Rare contracted forms are met mainly in phrases. Apart from phraseology they have been found only few times in genitive masculine singular (my, one’s) and exceptionally in dative masculine singular (my) and dative feminine singular (one’s). Three syllable possessive pronouns are most frequently shortened to two syllable also in genitive singular. Phraseology (tradition of common collocations) and grammar case (genitive masculine singular) influence the use of either long or short forms. Pronouns rhythmic properties (their repetitiveness in speaking and stress) seem equally important, which, being only suggested here, would require more detailed analysis.
Праблема адчужэння ў аповесцi Янкi Сiпакова “Кулак”
Authors:   Białoruski Państwowy Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Maksima Tanka, Tarasawa Tamara
Published: February 2021

У артыкуле разглядаецца актуальная для сучаснага свету праблема адчужэння чалавека, страта прыватнага “я”, сваёй уласнай iдэнтычнасцi. Асаблiва востра яна паўстае ў пераломныя гiстарычныя перыяды, калi парушаны звыклыя сацыяльныя i псiхалагiчныя сувязi асобы. Янка Сiпакоў у аповесцi “Кулак” (1989) даследуе тыповы лёс беларуса ў гады сталiнскай калектывiзацыi, пры якой цалкам iгнаравалася каштоўнасць чалавечага жыцця, iнтарэсы асобы, калi чалавек быў адасоблены ад сваёй зямлi i сваёй дзейнасцi, ад звыклых яму ўмоў iснавання. Галоуны герой мудра, па-фiласофску глыбока разважае аб вынiках трагiчнай адчужанасцi чалавека ад родных каранёў, аб духоўным убостве сквапных на чужое, зайздросных людзей. Выразная апазiцыя “сацыяльнае – асобаснае”, дзе сацыяльнае бярэ верх над асобасным, падаўляе яго, непазбежна вядзе да адчужэння. Тэндэнцыя, на думку Я. Сiпакова, небяспечная i для ХХI стагоддзя, бо можа справакаваць маштабны антрапалагiчны крызiс.
Инварианты художественной репрезентации истории Алесем Аркушам: контекст современной белорусской прозы
Authors:   Homelski Państwowy Uniwersytet im. Francyska Skaryny, Lidenkova Olga
Published: February 2021

Вопросы культурного наследия и вопросы исторической правды были ключевыми в белорусской литературе на протяжении последних десяти лет, более того, их популярность и актуальность как для авторов, так и для читателей постоянно растет. Вместе с этим часто можно выделить множество повторяющихся мотивов и образов, появившихся в художественной литературе тех современных белорусских писателей, которые обращаются к критическому переосмыслению истории страны. С помощью таких мотивов авторы рассматривают проблемы исторической памяти, идентичности и культурной преемственности. В статье представлены «инварианты» литературного представления истории, часто определяемого исторической травмой советских и постсоветских времен.
RELATIONSHIP OF METACOGNITIVE AWARENESS AND SELF EFFICACY TO MATHEMATICS LEARNING OUTCOMES
Authors: Sari Enie Vita , Sumilah Sumilah
Published: February 2021

This research aimed to examine the correlation between metacognitive awareness and self efficacy to the Mathematics learning outcomes of 4th grade students in elementary school Cluster Cakra Semarang. This research used a quantitative study with the type of correlation research. The population of this study amounted to 288 students. Sampling with cluster sampling obtained 167 students. The data collection technique used questionnaire. The data analysis techniques used descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The results showed positive and significant relationship between metacognitive awareness and self efficacy towards Mathematics learning outcomes. The percentage of correlation was 73.96%. The r coefesient value showed 0.860 and the significance value showed 0.05. In conclusion, there was a positive and significant correlation between metacognitive awareness and self efficacy to the learning outcomes Mathematics learning outcomes of 4th grade students in elementary school Cluster Cakra Semarang.
RELATIONSHIP OF PARENT PATTERNS AND LEARNING INTERESTS TO IPS LEARNING OUTCOMES
Authors: Sanah Avieta Qomarus , Sumilah Sumilah
Published: February 2021

This study was aimed to (1) examine the correlation between parenting style and social studies learning outcomes; (2) examine the correlation between interest and social studies learning outcomes; (3) examine the correlation between parenting style and learning outcomes of social studies interest. This study used a correlation research design with a quantitative approach. This research used a saturated sampling technique of 130 students. The data collection technique used observation, interviews, questionaires and documents. The data collected was then analyzed using the descriptive stastistical and product moment analysis. The results showed that: (1) there was a positive correlation between parenting style and social studies learning outcomes, the interpretation of the closeness of the correlation showed that the category was sufficient at 41.5%; (2) there was a positive correlation between interest and social studies learning outcomes, the interpretation of the closeness of the correlation showed a very strong category that was equal to 81.8%; (3) there was a correlation between parenting style and learning outcomes of social studies interest, the interpretation of the closeness of the correlation showed a very strong correlation that was equal to 88.8%. From the results of the study it could be concluded that there was a positive correlation between parenting patterns and learning outcomes of social studies interest of Elementary Schools of Kartini Cluster Fourth Grade Sub-District of Gubug, Grobogan Regency the interpretation of the closeness of the correlation showed a very strong category that was equal to 81.8%; (3) there was a correlation between parenting style and learning outcomes of social studies interest, the interpretation of the closeness of the correlation showed a very strong correlation that was equal to 88.8%. From the results of the study it could be concluded that there was a positive correlation between parenting patterns and learning outcomes of social studies interest of Elementary Schools of Kartini Cluster Fourth Grade Sub-District of Gubug, Grobogan Regency the interpretation of the closeness of the correlation showed a very strong category that was equal to 81.8%; (3) there was a correlation between parenting style and learning outcomes of social studies interest, the interpretation of the closeness of the correlation showed a very strong correlation that was equal to 88.8%. From the results of the study it could be concluded that there was a positive correlation between parenting patterns and learning outcomes of social studies interest of Elementary Schools of Kartini Cluster Fourth Grade Sub-District of Gubug, Grobogan Regency.
Application of the Problem Based-Fishbone Model on Reproductive System Material in SMA N 1 Dempet
Authors: Subekti Arum , WH Nugrahaningsih , . Lisdiana
Published: February 2021

Students achievement that are less than optimal indicate the students thinking skills are not maximal. To improve students thinking skills can be done in several ways among others, students further deepen  the concept of material, to provide further explanation and to provide alternative solutions to problems, so that students in the future are expected to solve problems in the environment. One learning model that can improve students thinking skills is problem based learning. Problem-based  learning models can encourage students ability to conduct investigations and be able to provide alternative solutions to problems. This study aims to analyze the model problem based -fishbone on reproductive system material influencing learning outcomes and the health care attitude of high school students. This study used a quasi experimental design with  pretest-posttest control group design. The sample of this study was students of class XI MIPA 2 and XI MIPA 6 in SMA N 1 Dempet which were determined using purposive sampling technique. The independent variable is a model problem based-fishbone on reproductive system material. Dependent variables are student learning outcomes and student health care attitudes. How to retrieve data using test and observation sheet questions. The results of data analysis showed that student learning outcomes could increase after learning activities were completed with completeness for both classes in a row 79.54% and 90.48%, and students had good health care attitudes. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the application of the model problem based- fishbone influences learning outcomes and health care attitudes in high school students.
HUBUNGAN VARIASI MENGAJAR GURU DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA DENGAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA
Authors: Setiyaningsih Suhelin
Published: February 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji hubungan variasi mengajar guru dan motivasi belajar siswa dengan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas IV SD Gugus Kenanga Kecamatan Pejagoan Kabupaten Kebumen. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian korelasi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu 112 siswa. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode Nonprobability Sampling, sedangkan cara pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah sampling jenuh sejumlah populasi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket, dokumentasi, observasi, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif dan siginifikan antara variasi mengajar guru dan motivasi belajar siswa dengan hasil belajar matematika dengan rhitung= 0,8023 (kategori sangat kuat) dan Fhitung = 98,5023 serta berkontribusi sebesar 64,4%. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara variasi mengajar guru dan motivasi belajar siswa dengan hasil belajar Matematika siswa kelas IV SD Gugus Kenanga Kecamatan Pejagoan Kabupaten Kebumen.

 

The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between teacher teaching variations and student learning motivation with mathematics learning outcomes the 4th grade students in Cluster Kenanga Elementary School Pejagoan Kebumen. This research used quantitative method with the type of correlation research. The population in this study were 112 students. Sampling used Nonprobability Sampling method, while the sampling method used was saturated sampling. Data collection technique were questionnaires, documentation, observation, and interview. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between teacher teaching variation and student learning motivation with mathematics learning outcomes with rcount = 0.8023 (very strong category) and Fcount = 98.5023 and contributed 64.4%. From the results of the study it can be concluded that there was a positive and significant correlation between teacher teaching variations and student learning motivation and mathematics learning outcomes the 4th grade students in Cluster Kenanga Elementary School Pejagoan Kebumen.
Fitogeografía de Galicia (NW Ibérico): análisis histórico y nueva propuesta corológica
Authors: Rodríguez Guitián M.A. , Ramil-Rego P.
Published: February 2021

Se revisan las diversas propuestas corológicas que se han ido sucediendo a lo largo del último siglo para el SW Europeo en general y el territorio gallego en particular, así como los fundamentos teóricos sobre los que éstas se sustentan. Teniendo en cuenta el estado actual de los conocimientos sobre flora y vegetación en el extremo NW Ibérico y los efectos que la dinámica paleoambiental reciente (Pleistoceno-Holoceno) y la actividad humana han tenido en este territorio, se propone una nueva sectorización biogeográfica enmarcada en la propuesta más reciente de Rivas-Martínez para la Península Ibérica. Como aportación más novedosa de esta nueva sectorización destaca la inclusión de la totalidad del territorio gallego dentro de la Región Eurosiberiana, desestimándose la existencia de territorios biogeográficamente mediterráneos, tal y como había sido sostenido hasta el momento por numerosos autores.
Biodiversidad e hipovirulencia de Cryphonectria parasitica en Europa: implicaciones para el control biológico del cancro del castaño
Authors: Aguín Olga , Sainz María Jesús , Montenegro Dolores , Mansilla J. Pedro
Published: February 2021

El cancro del castaño, causado porCryphonectria parasitica, es una enfermedad ampliamenteextendida en todo el mundo. En Europa, se ha detectado enla mayoría de las zonas cultivadas con Castanea sativa(castaño europeo) en países mediterráneos ycentroeuropeos, y se considera un patógeno de cuarentena.No existe ningún método cultural ni químico de control deeste hongo, ni ningún cultivar de castaño europeo toleranteo resistente a la enfermedad. En los últimos años, lainvestigación sobre el control del cancro se ha centrado enel desarrollo de métodos biológicos. Cryphonectriaparasitica presenta dos tipos de cepas: virulentas, quecausan graves lesiones en el árbol, e hipovirulentas, queapenas ocasionan daños porque son portadoras de un virusque atenúa su virulencia. La aplicación en campo, sobrecastaños afectados, de cepas hipovirulentas, que puedentransmitir su virus a las virulentas, es, por el momento, laúnica perspectiva para reducir y/o minimizar los daños queeste patógeno ocasiona. El éxito de esta técnica de controlbiológico del cancro requiere un conocimiento previo de laestructura poblacional de Cryphonectria parasitica (númeroy distribución de los tipos de compatibilidad vegetativa ysexual) y la existencia de cepas hipovirulentas compatiblescon las virulentas dominantes en una zona afectada.
Structural, morphological and electrical properties of graphene oxides obtained by Hummers, Tour and modified methods: a comparative study
Authors: Kotsyubynsky V.O. , Boychuk V.M. , Budzuliak I.M. , Rachiy B.I. , Zapukhlyak R.I. , Hodlevska M.A. , Kachmar A.I. , Bilogubka O.R. , Malakhov A.A.
Published: February 2021

The aim of this paper is the comparison of structural, morphological and electrical properties of thermally extended graphite synthesized by chemical oxidation of graphite with sulfur of nitric acids at all other same conditions. Thermal treatments of graphite intercalation compounds were performed at a temperature of 600°C on the air for 10 min but additional annealing in temperature range of 100-600oC for 1 hour was done. The obtained materials were characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy and impedance spectroscopy. The evolution of structural ordering of thermally extended graphite samples at increasing of annealing temperature was traced. It was determined that the additional annealing allows to control the electrical conductivity and structural disordering degree of extended graphite samples that is useful for preparation of efficient current collectors for electrochemical capacitors.
El valor percibido por los consumidores de las tiendas discounter: Ara, D1, Justo y Bueno
Authors: Gustavo Riveros Polania
Published: February 2021

Para tener en cuenta, los valores percibidos determinan la recompra dentro del establecimiento, en ese sentido se dice la que la percepción se construye a partir de la relación entre el canal y el cliente. En primer lugar, valores importantes como, las composiciones de la atmósfera, dentro de las cuales se denotan, desde la iluminación, exhibición de mercancías, colores que avivan el establecimiento, olores y sonidos particulares, que de igual forma hacen parte de este primer registro que hace el consumidor dentro de su experiencia de compra, son clasificados experiencialmente en la memoria.
Green synthesis of AgNPs using lignocellulose nanofibrils as a reducing and supporting agent
Authors: Han Jun-Kyu , Madhusudhan Alle , Bandi Rajkumar , Park Chan-Woo , Kim Jin-Chul , Lee Yong-Kyu , Lee Seung-Hwan , Won Jong-Myoung
Published: February 2021

A novel green approach was developed for producing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using lignocellulose nanofibrils (LCNF). This method does not require any additional reducing agent, and the LCNF itself serves both as a reducing agent and a supporting material. A simple autoclave procedure was employed for the synthesis. The synthetic conditions such as concentrations of reactants and reaction time were optimized. Also, the effect of lignin content in LCNF on the formation of AgNPs was evaluated. Three types of cellulose nanofibrils, i.e., HCNF (0% lignin), LCNF-5 (5% lignin), and LCNF-18 (18% lignin), were employed for the preparation of AgNPs. Three types of AgNPs were obtained and thoroughly characterized using UV-vis, Fourier-transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results suggest that LCNF can be employed as a green source for the reduction and effective stabilization of AgNPs, but an increased content of lignin can have an adverse effect on the yield of AgNPs. However, the presence of lignin greatly influenced the particle size. Therefore, LCNF with small amounts of lignin (5%) is best for producing AgNPs.
Captain America protecting digital rights: “old school” national law vs. emerging internet complexities in Azerbaijan
Authors: Mammadrzali Shahin
Published: February 2021

It is indicated in the article that emerging information technologies influences human rights norms in any democratic society. Especially, the Internet has changed the traditional approach to methods of ensuring human rights, while adding new challenges at the same time, such as regulating cybersecurity, digital data protection, digital freedom of information, privacy, discrimination in the Internet, etc. The traditional flow of information through newspapers, radio and television is currently combined with new means of exchanging digital information, mobile and satellite communications, the Internet and other technological advances. Of course, these innovations make governments to review traditional human rights legislation to stay fit and updated. Yet, some fundamental norms of national human rights legislation should remain unchangeable. Simply put, it looks like Captain America from the movie “Avengers” – a very old guy who develops his abilities to defeat dangers, but also preserves “old school” strength and leadership skills. In the light of these issues, the present article is devoted to the analysis of the conceptual foundations of national legislation in Azerbaijan on the protection of digital rights in the Internet. The article emphasizes that digital rights themselves are one of the factors demonstrating the strong impact of communication technologies on human rights, especially information rights and freedom of expression.
Online dispute resolution: quo vadis, Europe?
Authors: Strikaitė Goda
Published: February 2021

This article discusses potential issues of current European Union regulations in regard to the online dispute resolution, together with potential reasons for low popularity of this way of resolving disputes. The author analyses Her Majesty’s Courts and Tribunals Service (HMCTS) reform programme in England and Wales and compares the online dispute resolution systems as integral parts of courts to the ones functioning independently in the private sector. The article examines the potential for new legal framework promoting the development of online dispute resolution systems in either the private or public sector or in both of them.
Upcoming legal challenges for cross-border e-health services in the EU
Authors: Janeckaitė Rūta
Published: February 2021

The paper briefly describes the current EU legal framework in the healthcare field and assess to which extent it could apply to the provision of cross border eHealth services. In particular, it analyses the provision of such services from the free movement angle, i.e. whether EU law guarantees to health professionals access to and exercise of activiti es in the 3rd type of situations, as well as whether the insured persons have the right to reimbursement of costs of such healthcare from their social security system.
Illuminating pyrotechnic compositions and their specific features
Authors:   , Juknelevičius Dominykas
Published: February 2021

A pyrotechnic composition is meant to describe at least two component containing heterogeneous solid mixture that is capable of reacting in a self-sustained exothermic reaction. Illuminating pyrotechnics stretches into a specific branch of such reactions where the chemical reaction produces exclusively strong electromagnetic radiation in comparison to other pyrotechnic reactions. The main two areas of practical use are VIS radiation for signalling and entertainment (fireworks, special effects) and IR for military countermeasures. In this work, three types of illuminating pyrotechnic compositions are explored. First, red flares with strontium and high content of Mg powder. Second, highly saturated blue color flames with copper. Third, blue strobes which produce intermittent combustion. In order to characterize such compositions, VIS emission spectra and light intensity were recorded during combustion, and later on, recalculated to specific luminous intensity, color saturation, dominant wavelength, CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinates.
Laboratory of molecular biology and clinical biochemistry, Institute of Animal Biology NAAS: the history and present state
Authors:   Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, 38 Vasyl Stus str., Lviv, 79034, Ukraine, Vlizlo V. V. , Ostapiv D. D. ,   Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, 38 Vasyl Stus str., Lviv, 79034, Ukraine, Petrukh I. M. ,   Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, 38 Vasyl Stus str., Lviv, 79034, Ukraine, Kozak M. R. ,   Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, 38 Vasyl Stus str., Lviv, 79034, Ukraine, Kuzmina N. V. ,   Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, 38 Vasyl Stus str., Lviv, 79034, Ukraine, Martyn Yu. V. ,   Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, 38 Vasyl Stus str., Lviv, 79034, Ukraine
Published: February 2021

The Laboratory of molecular biology and clinical biochemistry was established with the foundation of Scientific Production Center (SPC) for the study of prion infections in 2001. SPC for the study of prion infections was founded by orders of the Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences and the State Department of Veterinary Medicine of Ukraine. Scientists of the laboratory provide scientific support of the livestock products production based on studies of animal metabolism peculiarities according to the norms and internal pathology, study of the mechanisms of prion infection development, biological aspects and application of cell culture techniques in new veterinary drug discovery, development of nanocarriers with adjuvant properties, physiological and biochemical processes in semen. The conducted researches allow an improvement of the production profitability, livestock safety, reproductive capacity and live weight gain. For the reduction of the cost of livestock production the laboratory offers advanced diagnostic tests, effective measures for the treatment and prevention of metabolic diseases of high yielding cows, new generation tools for the development of vaccines and drugs, methods of treatment and prevention of BSE, methods for assessing and normalizing metabolic processes in ejaculate to increase the fertility of sperm.
Preliminary comparative phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of varieties Vaccinium corymbosum L. (Ericaceae) shoot’ extracts
Authors:   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 69 Pekarska str., Lviv, 79010, Ukraine, Yavorska N. Y. , Vorobets N. M. ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 69 Pekarska str., Lviv, 79010, Ukraine, Salyha Yu. T. ,   Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, 38 Vasyl Stus str., Lviv, 79034, Ukraine, Vishchur O. I. ,   Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, 38 Vasyl Stus str., Lviv, 79034, Ukraine
Published: February 2021

Nowadays, the created varieties of Vaccinium corymbosum L. (Ericaceae) are widespread in different regions of all continents with a suitable climate. Until now, mainly the fruits of these plants have been used, and the vegetative aerial part that remains when pruning the bushes has not been employed. Meanwhile, shoots of other species of Ericaceae have long been used as raw materials for the needs of pharmacy, medicine and veterinary medicine. Phytochemical screening methods were used for the detection of various phytochemicals in shoots of three varieties V. corymbosum introduced in Ukraine by qualitative chemical tests to give a general idea regarding the nature of constituents present in plant material, especially with antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the content of extractives was determined in the obtained extracts and their antioxidant activity by determining the total antioxidant capacity using the DPPH radical scavenging method on various stages of plant development. Phytochemical screening on the shoots of three V. corymbosum varieties (Bluejay, Bluecrop, Elliott) showed the presence of carbohydrates, reducing sugars, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, phlobatannins, hydroquinone and arbutin that exhibit antioxidant properties; the extractive value depends on the solvent and stage of plant development. Bluejay in aqueous extracts had the greatest amount of extractives during flowering and at the beginning of the winter period; in Bluecrop it was during fruiting and at the beginning of the winter period; and in Elliott — at the beginning of the winter period. Thus, we can assume the prospects of their study on antimicrobial properties, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, as well as a feed additive for animal feed.
The comparative analysis of the methods for keratin extraction from sheep wool and human hair
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, 3/4 St. Yura sq., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine, Havryliak V. , Mykhaliuk V. ,   Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, 38 Vasyl Stus str., Lviv, 79034, Ukraine
Published: February 2021

Nowadays, biopolymers such as keratins are widely used in biomedicine due to their low toxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. At the molecular level, keratins differ from other structural proteins by a high content of disulfide bonds, which provide the formation of a compact three-dimensional structure resistant to biological and chemical degradation. Native keratins are highly ordered, whereas, recovered keratins are characterized by a flexible structure with more accessible functional groups. A characteristic feature of solubilized keratins is their ability to polymerize; therefore, they are widely used to create biomaterials. The extraction of keratins from natural fibers is an important step to the development of functional biomaterials. However, this process is complicated by the presence of a large number of intramolecular and intermolecular disulfide bonds in keratins. That is why keratin extraction by breaking the intermolecular disulfide bonds while preserving the covalent bonds of the polypeptide chain is necessary. The goal of our study was to estimate the different methods of solubilized keratin obtaining. In the experiments, samples of different types of wool and human hair were used. Various methods of keratin extraction were applied. The yield of solubilized keratin (%) was calculated from the ratio of the weight of the lyophilized keratin extract and the initial weight of fibers. The molecular mass of recovered keratins was evaluated by SDS-PAAG electrophoresis in the Laemmli buffer system. An analysis of the efficiency of keratin extraction has shown that solubilized keratin yield ranged from 32% to 51% and depended on the composition of the extraction mixture. Electrophoretic analysis of all keratin extracts obtained by various methods confirmed the presence of two bands, which according to the molecular weight corresponding to I and II types of proteins of intermediate filaments. The presence of these proteins provides self-assembly into complex structures.