bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Returns from Travel
Authors: Ansell Richard
Published: May 2022

Historians of travel rarely follow their subjects home, but the ‘afterlives’ of time abroad decided its success or failure as an aspect of family strategy. This chapter first examines how families discussed travel at the subsequent milestones of entry into public life, marriage and, for some Irish residents, the move to England. Continental experience stood among several factors, but it contributed to political careers, helped to attract the families of potential brides and offered one way in which Anglo-Irish landowners could buy into the English elite. A second section recognises that the power of travel depended upon its cultivation and display at home, examining how young men presented themselves through conversation, speech, deportment, consumption, souvenirs and gifts. Finally, the chapter explores how travellers and their families turned continental experience into cultural capital. They read to sustain and embellish memories, they assembled and used transgenerational travel archives and they incorporated time abroad into the stories they told about themselves, placing continental experience at the heart of family self-identity.
History, Scripture, and Authority in the Carolingian Empire
Authors: Ward Graeme
Published: May 2022

This book offers a detailed analysis of the work of the ninth-century historian Frechulf of Lisieux. Completed c. 830, Frechulf’s Histories comprise a vast account of the world from its creation through to the seventh century. Despite the richness of the source, it has long been overlooked by modern scholars. Two factors account for this neglect: Frechulf’s narrative stops over two centuries short of his time of writing, and was largely a compilation of earlier, late antique histories and chronicles. It is, however, the lack of ostensibly ‘contemporary’ or ‘original’ material that makes the text so typical, not only of Carolingian historiography but also of ninth-century theological literature more broadly. In examining Frechulf's historiographical compendium, this book challenges a dominant paradigm within medieval studies of understanding history-writing primarily as an extension of politics and power. By focusing instead on the transmission and reception of patristic knowledge, the compilation of authoritative texts, and the relationship between the study of history and scriptural exegesis, it reveals Frechulf's Histories to be an unexpectedly rich artefact of Carolingian intellectual culture.
Introduction
Authors: Ward Graeme
Published: May 2022

Frechulf of Lisieux’s Histories are one of the richest but least studied works of Carolingian historiography. This introductory chapter accounts for this neglect while also setting out a new framework for understanding Frechulf’s text. After outlining what is known about Frechulf’s life and ecclesiastical career, it establishes the foundations upon which the book’s main arguments rest. The Histories ought not to be understood as an unusual work of Carolingian historiography, but rather should be situated within the wider of context of Carolingian intellectual culture.
Incarnation and Empire: Orosius and the Exegesis of History
Authors: Ward Graeme
Published: May 2022

The birth of Christ in the reign of Augustus, the first Roman emperor, is the central moment of the Histories, where Part I’s narrative concludes and Part II’s begins. This chapter explores this critical juncture through the lens of Frechulf’s reception of Orosius’s Seven Books of Histories against the Pagans. Modern historians of late antiquity have long separated Orosius’s perception of church and empire from that of his more illustrious teacher, Augustine, and scholars of the Carolingian Empire have inherited this distinction. This chapter queries the implications of labelling Carolingian intellectuals ‘Augustinian’ or otherwise. It locates the Carolingian reception of Orosius not within the modern reconstruction of fifth-century debates about empire and ecclesia but rather within the ninth-century culture of scriptural exegesis.
Christiana tempora ? The Conclusion of the Histories and the Creation of a Patristic Past
Authors: Ward Graeme
Published: May 2022

The Histories seventh-century conclusion tends to be seen as the text’s most idiosyncratic feature. What contemporary value should be ascribed to a Carolingian history of the world that says nothing about the Carolingian period? This chapter begins by surveying the range of answers that have been given in response to this question, before offering a new reading of the Histories’ controversial end point. This reading is keyed to the narrative flow of Part II as a whole, and to the authoritative resources from which it was constructed. While previous interpretations have posited that Frechulf sought to emphasise the end of the western Empire or the wrapping of an Augustinian meta-narrative, this chapter argues that Frechulf’s narrative and its conclusion defined the limits of patristic Christianity.
Styles and Methods of Philosophical Interpretation in Marsilio Ficino’s Commentary on Plotinus
Authors: Gersh Stephen
Published: May 2022

The essay has three main sections. After an introduction discussing the historical context and the development of the commentary finally published in 1492 towards the end of Ficino’s life, section 1 considers the various levels of commentary detail, the contrast between more and less text-dependent styles of commentary, and the relation between non-intertextual and intertextual commentaries. Section 2 turns to Ficino’s notion of philosophical commentary as history of philosophy. It examines the notion that Plotinus’ philosophy itself is the interpretation of a tradition of ancient theologians and also a synthesis of Platonic and Aristotelian teachings very much on Plato’s terms. Section 3 considers the provocative notion that the reading of Plotinus’ text can be compared to and perhaps identified with the summoning and the colloquy of Neoplatonic daemons.
Samuel Parker’s Free and Impartial Censure of the Platonick Philosophie
Authors: Hedley Douglas
Published: May 2022

Samuel Parker (1640 – 1688), Fellow of the Royal Society,  in his learned A free and impartial censure of the Platonick philosophie (1667) seemed to be defending the experimentalism of the Society from the metaphysical speculations of the Cambridge Platonists. This paper explores the argument of this text and considers why it was composed. The focus of Parker’s critique is on those aspects which at the time were considered the hallmark of Platonism (and opposite to the theoretical rigour of the new experimental science), such as, for example, the Platonists’ belief in a Plotinian ‘Spirit of Nature’, their use of the imagination in philosophy, and Plato’s debt to the tradition of the Cabbala.
Platonic Love and Aristotelian Ethics in Alessandro Piccolomini’s Institutione (1542)
Authors: Webb Eleanor
Published: May 2022

Alessandro Piccolomini (1508-1579) drove the most ambitious programme of vernacular philosophical writing and translation of the sixteenth century. Among the earliest of these works, the Institutione (1542) is presented as a comprehensive ethical handbook, based primarily on Aristotle’s Ethics and Rhetoric. Despite the reliance on Aristotle, the work gives a privileged position to love, a topic on which Aristotle had little to say. Effectively correcting Aristotle’s omission by way of Plato, Piccolomini utilises a number of syncretic strategies to demonstrate the harmony between Plato and Aristotle on all relevant issues, thereby offering his readers a complete philosophy of love that is fully integrated into the broader Aristotelian ethical program he promotes. As Piccolomini argues love to be the most important element in man’s happiness – the final end of Aristotelian ethics – the Institutione represents a particularly ambitious example of philosophical syncretism in the period, demonstrating the creativity of authors seeking to reconcile Plato and Aristotle for their own ends.
A documentação pedagógica como ferramenta para dar visibilidade à criança que existe no sujeito-infantil tido como anormal na educação infantil
Authors: Marques Circe Mara , Simão Vera Lúcia , Zwierewicz Marlene
Published: May 2022

Esta pesquisa-ação trata da documentação pedagógica dos processos de inclusão na educação infantil. A obrigatoriedade de matrícula aos 4 anos, a inclusão das crianças com deficiência na escola regular e a expedição de documento escolar que ateste os processos de desenvolvimento e aprendizagem são determinações legais que impactam a educação infantil. Nesse sentido, a questão mobilizadora do estudo é saber quais verdades são produzidas sobre as crianças com deficiência na documentação pedagógica na educação infantil. Buscou-se conhecer os propósitos e modos como os professores documentam os processos de inclusão para problematizar os efeitos dessa documentação na produção do sujeito infantil a/normal. A metodologia consistiu na realização de observações e rodas de conversa com oito professoras de escolas públicas de educação infantil. A análise da documentação produzida pelas participantes acerca dos processos de inclusão transitou no campo teórico da Sociologia da Infância e estudos foucaultianos. Os resultados mostraram que os registros das experiências vividas pelas crianças com deficiência no contexto escolar são, de certo modo, negligenciados e/ou produzidos em momentos pontuais, destacando as necessidades e dificuldades em detrimento dos direitos e aprendizagens. A pesquisa deu visibilidade às possibilidades da formação continuada de professores em um diálogo entre a universidade e as escolas públicas para produzir outros modos de ser professor/a de crianças com deficiência e, também, outros modos de incluí-las na educação infantil. O estudo pode inspirar outros professores a romper a díade normal/anormal e aprender a conhecer a criança que habita no sujeito tido como anormal.
Lilibeo e i suoi culti: Nuovi esempi dalla ricerca archeologica
Authors: Giglio Rossella
Published: May 2022

Sicily’s harbors were points of convergence open to populations arriving from the sea. The town of Lilibeo developed on the promontory of Capo Boeo (after the destruction of Mozia, 397 BCE), where today is situated the town of Marsala. Information about the cults, provided until recently primarily by epigraphic sources, today has been increased thanks to archaeological research (since 1994). Various examples of public and private rituals are presented here. The complex dedicated to the cult of Isis (second century BCE–late second century CE) is documented by architectural structures, votive deposits, an inscription and a fragmentary marble statue. The cult of Venus has been documented, thanks to research in the Church of St. John on Cape Boeo, by the hypogean structures that incorporate a spring, a marble statue, and an inscription (first century CE) with a dedication to the god- dess. Noteworthy is the discovery of two tombs, perhaps venerated, connected to an apsidal building that date to the Byzantine period (sixth–seventh centuries CE): Called the Tomb of Hope (tomb A) and the Tomb of Life (tomb B), they are important for the presence of a series of epigraphs classified in Greek language, on the internal walls of each burial, painted in red and delimited by crosses, with references to the theme of the Constantine cross.
Close Encounters on Sicily: Molech, Meilichios, and Religious Convergence at Selinus
Authors: Morris Sarah
Published: May 2022

Western Sicily, and Selinus in particular, was one of the most important contact zones in the Mediterranean between Greek and Phoenician colonists and cultures since the early first millennium BCE. During its archaic and classical floruit, it functioned as a zone of encounter between Greek and Phoenician ritual, especially on the western Gag- gera Hill where a shrine of Meilichios neighbors a temple of Demeter Malophoros. Ritual practices, artifacts and inscriptions support the etymological connection between Meilichios and Semitic Molech that make this cult Near Eastern (Semitic) in origin, introduced via Phoenicians to Greeks at Selinus. The archaic “Triolo” temple with triple stelai, found south of this complex, resembles closely the Greco-Phoenician shrine at Kommos in Crete, and reinforces the impression of early Semitic influence into worship on the hill west of the Selinus acropolis. Such archaeological convergences in ritual space complement evidence for the early introduction of Semitic practices in amulets and defixiones or lead curse tab- lets into Greece via Sicily. A migration of ritual formulas of curse and blessing, atonement and thanks, across populations in close contact may have transpired through cohabitation, intermarriage, conversion, and other transcultural activities. This article argues for keeping the mixed nature of this encounter, including its Semitic features, visible in our understand- ing of cult at Selinus, rather than submerging or dividing it under ritual categories specific to Greek deities, Punic monuments, votive types, or religious rites.
The Temple of Astarte “Aglaia” at Motya and Its Cultural Significance in the Mediterranean Realm
Authors: Nigro Lorenzo
Published: May 2022

Recent excavations at Motya by the Sapienza University of Rome and the Sicil- ian Superintendence of Trapani have expanded our information on the Phoenician goddess Astarte, her sacred places, and her role in the Phoenician expansion to the West during the first half of the first millennium BCE. Two previously unknown religious buildings dedicated to this deity have been discovered and excavated in the last decade. The present article discusses the oldest temple dedicated to the goddess, located in the Sacred Area of the Kothon in southwestern quadrant of the island (Zone C). The indigenous population worshipped a major goddess at the time of Phoenician arrival, so that the cult of Astarte was easily assimilated and transformed into a shared religious complex. Here, the finds that connect Astarte of Motya with her Mediterranean parallels are surveyed. These in sum, demonstrate the centrality of religious ideology in Levantine expansion to the West as a means for constructing an inclusive West Phoenician cultural identity.
The Arzawa Rituals and Religious Production in Hattusa
Authors: Collins Billie Jean
Published: May 2022

The Hittite rituals attributed to practitioners from Arzawa in western Anatolia have in common certain themes and elements that indicate a shared geographic patrimony in the west. Their western provenance as well as their mode of transmission to the scribal establishment in Hattusa have, however, been the subject of recent debate. Moreover, the inventory of texts assigned to this group has continued to fluctuate. Following a review the state of the discussion, in which the Arzawa corpus is defined, this article argues that the rituals from Arzawa were transmitted to Hattusa at two distinct historical junctures: the antiwitchcraft rituals in the reign of Tudhaliya I and the plague rituals in the reign of Mur- sili II. The impact of each of these influxes of new ritual material on religious production in Hattusa is examined. The resulting observations inform the attendant issue of the influence of western religious traditions on that of the Hittite empire.
Greek Coins, Punic People: An Iconographic Analysis of the Punic Coinage of Sicily
Authors: Morón José Miguel Pueblo
Published: May 2022

The coinage used by Punic inhabitants of Sicily during the fifth and fourth cen- turies BCE was minted by Greek workers using Greek iconographic elements to create a new iconography with a completely different message for the Punic residents of Panormos, Solus, and Motya. This new iconography combined Greek gods like Poseidon, Herakles, and Demeter, and local deities like nymphs and river gods with the main Punic divinities Baal, Tanit, and Melqart. The images of the gods themselves, as well as plants, animals, and ob- jects, allowed the construction of Punic identity through a new medium of communication, advertising, and exchange. These first Punic mintings on Sicily demonstrate the principles of cultural convergence at iconographic, organizational, and economic levels. The elements so used took on new meanings for the non-Greek residents of the towns that minted them.
The Politics of Ritual Performance at Assyrian-Period Sam’al: Local and Imperial Identity in the Katumuwa Mortuary Stele from Zincirli
Authors: Herrmann Virginia R.
Published: May 2022

How do personal memorials and mortuary ritual mediate between competing sociopolitical identities in times of political change? The mid-eighth century BCE stele of the royal official Katumuwa bears a banquet scene and Sam’alian (Aramaic) inscription describing a large inaugural sacrifice and feast to be followed by smaller annual celebra- tions. It was found in 2008 at Zincirli, Turkey, capital of the Iron Age kingdom of Sam’al, in a mortuary chapel adjacent to a neighborhood shrine in a residential area. As a member of the “intermediate” elite, Katumuwa was one of the links between the people of Sam’al and their king, a favorite vassal of the Neo-Assyrian king Tiglath-pileser III. Just as the As- syrian king attempted to ensure the loyalty of his vassals through a blend of honors, gifts, and surveillance that cultivated a cosmopolitan imperial identity, the art and architecture of Zincirli show that the last kings of Sam’al before its annexation used the same tactics with local elites to shore up support for their pro-Assyrian policies at home. Katumuwa’s reference to the king, his court dress and cosmopolitan luxury items, his apparent residence in a new elite residential district, and his emulation of royal mortuary ritual suggest that to an extent he embraced his membership in this exclusive courtly stratum. At the same time, several deviations from the royal cult indicate the maintenance of a more autonomous local identity, and the scale and setting of the inaugural and annual feasts suggest a desire to cultivate local solidarity through commensality.
Oxidative stress and obesity
Authors: Malenica Maja , Meseldžić Neven
Published: May 2022

Obesity is a disease of excessive accumulation of adipose tissue due to an increased energy intake which is disproportionate to the energy expenditure in the body. The visceral adipose tissue in the obese accumulated in that way increases the risk of developing a number of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Disorders such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and mitochondria can contribute to the development of oxidative stress, which is especially pronounced in the abdominal type of obesity. Obesity can induce systemic oxidative stress through a variety of biochemical mechanisms. Although ROS is generated in a large number of cells, mitochondria play a significant role in their intracellular production through the process of oxidative phosphorylation of the respiratory chain, and in fatty acid oxidation reactions. Oxidative stress is a unique link between the various molecular disorders present in the development of insulin resistance that plays a key role in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic metabolic, proinflammatory diseases. The progression of insulin resistance is also affected by inflammation. Both of these can be the cause and the consequence of obesity. The synthesis of the inflammatory mediators is induced by oxidative stress, thus bringing the inflammation and the oxidative stress into a very significant relation. This review aims to highlight recent findings on the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of obesity, with special reference to the mechanisms that explain its occurrence.
Biomarkers of aging-associated chronic inflammation as a prognostic factor for human longevity
Authors: Leposavić Gordana , Stojić-Vukanić Zorica
Published: May 2022

It has been well-established that age-associated low-grade chronic inflammation contributes to the development of a spectrum of chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, stroke, cancer, chronic kidney disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and neurodegenerative diseases, which affect the quality of life of the elderly and influence their life span. This phenomenon is suggested to arise due to the weakening of the regulatory mechanisms of the immune response, and the persistence of exogenous and endogenous (reflecting oxidative cell injury) antigenic challenges, so it is referred to as oxi-inflamm-aging. Considering that the development of age-associated chronic inflammation is "silent", i.e., without clinical signs until the aforementioned complications become apparent, it is important to identify the biomarker(s) or pattern/cluster of biomarkers for this inflammation. It is also important to define new strategies to combat the "silent" damage induced by chronic inflammation. Given that at present there are no reliable biomarkers for chronic inflammation, this review points out the problems in defining biomarker(s) or patterns/clusters of biomarkers for chronic inflammation in order to stimulate further research and points to some possible routes of investigation.
Molecular biomarkers in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Michaličková Danica , Kübra Öztürk , Das Debanjan , Osama Bukhari , Slanař Ondřej
Published: May 2022

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a highly heterogenous disease regarding radiological, pathological, and clinical characteristics and therapeutic response, including both the efficacy and safety profile of treatments. Accordingly, there is a high demand for biomarkers that sensitively and specifically apprehend the distinctive aspects of the MS heterogeneity, and that can aid in better understanding of the disease diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of the treatment response, and, finally, in the development of new treatments. Currently, clinical characteristics (e.g., relapse rate and disease progression) and magnetic resonance imaging play the most important role in the clinical classification of MS and assessment of its course. Molecular biomarkers (e.g., immunoglobulin G (IgG) oligoclonal bands, IgG index, anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies, neutralizing antibodies against interferon-beta and natalizumab, anti-varicella zoster virus and anti-John Cunningham (JC) virus antibodies) complement these markers excellently. This review provides an overview of exploratory, validated and clinically useful molecular biomarkers in MS which are used for prediction, diagnosis, disease activity and treatment response.
White blood cell count, its subsets, and their indexes in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Klisić Aleksandra , Kotur-Stevuljević Jelena , Ninić Ana
Published: May 2022

Due to the increased prevalence of obesity-related complications, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), great attention has been paid to the variety of adipokines and cytokines, i.e. biomarkers, which are secreted by the enlarged visceral adipose tissue. Those pro-inflammatory mediators diminish insulin sensitivity via impairing insulin signalling pathways. If these processes persist, insulin resistance and DM2 occur, with a typical finding of low-grade chronic inflammation. The current review focuses on some hematological indices that reflect the inflammation level, such as white blood cell count, its subsets, and derived indexes. Those parameters are easy to measure, cost-effective, and widely available in a primary care setting. A deeper knowledge of the changes in the mentioned hematological parameters in DM2, in addition to glucoregulation biomarkers, may enable physicians to act promptly when patients with this metabolic disorder are concerned.
Human resources development and innovation as determinants for improving global competitiveness of enterprises
Authors: Đurić Dragana , Ristić Jelena , Dragičević Predrag
Published: May 2022

Human resources and innovation represent important elements of modern business processes. Business success depends primarily on human resources and business creativity in the current global business environment. In a competitive global economy, where other production factors (capital, technology, raw materials and information) can be copied, an organization's human resources become the only source of permanent competitive benefit. In that sense, business entities in a globalized environment have to do business differently. Those radically new conditions require innovation and special quality of human resources, and new knowledge and skills of all actors in the economic arena. Such a business environment requires inventiveness and creativity of the persons managing knowledge and information, who create entrepreneurial atmosphere and create organizations based on innovation and teamwork work to overcome problems that arise from fast organizational change and integration of countries into international economic environment. The primary goal is to provide a better understanding of the roles of human resources and innovation in the performance improvement and competitiveness of global organizations and be of practical use regarding the perception of the importance of human resources management and innovation in modern business.
Soft contingency factors and TQM
Authors: Lečić Rajna
Published: May 2022

TQM can be seen as an activity that, like the Roman god Janus, has two faces (soft and hard), thus explaining the duality of quality factors as a consequence of its social and behavioral factors, on the one hand, and technical factors related to design, implementation and improvement of the quality system, on the other hand. Based on numerous research papers published since 1980s until now, the factors regarded as soft by the authors have been considered and their influence on improving the quality and performance of an organization has been analyzed. Given that management involves a set of principles such as people, culture and improvement, where TQM soft factors relate to management concepts, it is not difficult to conclude that soft factors are key to TQM management perspective and its successful implementation. Obviously, it is people who provide the quality. Perception of the importance of human factors is of great significance for the context of this paper, which seeks to clarify the importance of soft factors in achieving successful implementation of TQM and business success based on it.
Encuesta sobre la Cooperación en el Estado Autonómico
Authors: Caamaño Domínguez Francisco , Díez Bueso Laura , Fernández Alles José Joaquín , Gálvez Muñoz Luis , Montilla Martos José Antonio , Sáenz Royo Eva , Tajadura Tejada Javier
Published: May 2022

En esta encuesta un grupo de profesores de Derecho Constitucional contestan un conjunto de preguntas sobre el principio de cooperación y su papel en los Estados descentralizados en general, y en el Estado autonómico en concreto; sobre el desigual desarrollo de los distintos tipos de relaciones de cooperación y las propuestas para mejorarlos; sobre la Conferencia de presidentes y, finalmente, sobre la cooperación territorial en situaciones extraordinarias, como la producida por la pandemia de Covid-19.
Laser micro/nanomachining technology for soft matter
Authors: Guo Jin-Kun , Zhao Ze-Jia , Ling Jin-Zhong , Yuan Ying , Wang Xiao-Rui ,   School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
Published: May 2022

Laser micro/nanomachining technology for soft matter achieves the purpose of fabricating the spherical structures of soft matter by combing laser-assisted mechanical injection and controllable self-assembly, which has significant advantages in comparison with conventional methods like droplet microfluidics. In this study, the effects of laser parameters such as laser energy, beam size, and irradiation position on the injection are investigated. It is found that there also exists one upper limit of the laser energy, and if the laser irradiation is too strong, it can introduce a convection flow of liquid crystal rather than trigger off the injection of guest microdroplets. Thus, the laser injection can be achieved in a specific energy range of the laser irradiation. By manipulating the laser beam with a smaller size, the guest water microdroplets can be injected at the preselected location on the surface of a host liquid crystal droplet. In addition, the influences of material parameters such as the surfactant concentration, the material type and phase state of liquid crystal on the laser-assisted mechanical injection, and the size of the injected guest droplet are investigated. It is found that the liquid crystal droplet with higher surfactant concentration requires less energy from the laser irradiation to generate enough mechanical force to trigger off the injection. Because under the same temperature increment, the liquid crystal droplet with higher ion concentration enjoys a stronger surface tension gradient. By comparing several different types of liquid crystals, it is found the injection of guest droplets into a host with a higher elastic constant liquid crystal can be more difficult. The influences of the material type of liquid crystal and the concentration of surfactant on the critical size of guest microdroplets are summarized. Finally, the defect lines of liquid crystal are introduced as the self-assembly template, through which microdroplets of liquid crystal with the sophisticated spherical structure are fabricated. The self-assembly kinetic behaviors of guest droplets in the defect line are analyzed. The laser micro/nanomachining technology of soft matter can be applied to the extreme processing and application development of 3D spherical structures in the fields of optoelectronics, photonics, and biomedicine.
Lead-OR: A multimodal platform for deep brain stimulation surgery
Authors: Oxenford Simón , Roediger Jan , Neudorfer Clemens , Milosevic Luka , Güttler Christopher , Spindler Philipp , Vajkoczy Peter , Neumann Wolf-Julian , Kühn Andrea , Horn Andreas
Published: May 2022

Background:

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode implant trajectories are stereotactically defined using preoperative neuroimaging. To validate the correct trajectory, microelectrode recordings (MERs) or local field potential recordings can be used to extend neuroanatomical information (defined by MRI) with neurophysiological activity patterns recorded from micro- and macroelectrodes probing the surgical target site. Currently, these two sources of information (imaging vs. electrophysiology) are analyzed separately, while means to fuse both data streams have not been introduced.

Methods:

Here, we present a tool that integrates resources from stereotactic planning, neuroimaging, MER, and high-resolution atlas data to create a real-time visualization of the implant trajectory. We validate the tool based on a retrospective cohort of DBS patients (N = 52) offline and present single-use cases of the real-time platform.

Results:

We establish an open-source software tool for multimodal data visualization and analysis during DBS surgery. We show a general correspondence between features derived from neuroimaging and electrophysiological recordings and present examples that demonstrate the functionality of the tool.

Conclusions:

This novel software platform for multimodal data visualization and analysis bears translational potential to improve accuracy of DBS surgery. The toolbox is made openly available and is extendable to integrate with additional software packages.

Funding:

Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft (410169619, 424778381), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DynaSti), National Institutes of Health (2R01 MH113929), and Foundation for OCD Research (FFOR).
Visceral organ morphogenesis via calcium-patterned muscle constrictions
Authors: Mitchell Noah P , Cislo Dillon J , Shankar Suraj , Lin Yuzheng , Shraiman Boris I , Streichan Sebastian J
Published: May 2022

Organ architecture is often composed of multiple laminar tissues arranged in concentric layers. During morphogenesis, the initial geometry of visceral organs undergoes a sequence of folding, adopting a complex shape that is vital for function. Genetic signals are known to impact form, yet the dynamic and mechanical interplay of tissue layers giving rise to organs' complex shapes remains elusive. Here, we trace the dynamics and mechanical interactions of a developing visceral organ across tissue layers, from subcellular to organ scale in vivo. Combining deep tissue light-sheet microscopy for in toto live visualization with a novel computational framework for multilayer analysis of evolving complex shapes, we find a dynamic mechanism for organ folding using the embryonic midgut of Drosophila as a model visceral organ. Hox genes, known regulators of organ shape, control the emergence of high-frequency calcium pulses. Spatiotemporally patterned calcium pulses trigger muscle contractions via myosin light chain kinase. Muscle contractions, in turn, induce cell shape change in the adjacent tissue layer. This cell shape change collectively drives a convergent extension pattern. Through tissue incompressibility and initial organ geometry, this in-plane shape change is linked to out-of-plane organ folding. Our analysis follows tissue dynamics during organ shape change in vivo, tracing organ-scale folding to a high-frequency molecular mechanism. These findings offer a mechanical route for gene expression to induce organ shape change: genetic patterning in one layer triggers a physical process in the adjacent layer – revealing post-translational mechanisms that govern shape change.
Experiencias y creencias de mujeres Colla de la región de Atacama
Authors: Rodríguez Venegas Viviana , Duarte Hidalgo Cory
Published: May 2022

Estudio cualitativo que indaga en las prácticas y saberes de dirigentas sociales indígenas de la región de Atacama, Chile. Las participantes de la investigación, a través de historias de vida, narran experiencias y creencias asociadas a su identidad como mujeres Colla. El ejercicio narrativo permite ahondar en otros temas como procesos migratorios, expresiones culturales, relaciones sociales y dinámicas de poder al interior de sus comunidades.La investigación tiene como referente la Teoría Fundamentada, por ello se acude a sus aspectos teóricos y metodológicos en el abordaje y análisis del tema investigado. Los saberes que entrega este estudio contribuyen al acervo cultural del pueblo Colla y al desarrollo de estudios e investigaciones que den importancia a las mujeres indígenas del norte del país.
Agenciamientos en las sociedades de control
Authors: Ramón Rossi Luis Sebastián
Published: May 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar las principales tesis detrás de la teoría de Gilles Deleuze y Félix Guattari sobre la aparición de las formaciones sociales de control y sobre los agenciamientos que a ellas corresponden. Así, se recorrerán tres tesis fundamentales sobre la mutación del capitalismo contemporáneo. En el primer apartado se abordarán las transformaciones en las relaciones de poder y en las formaciones de saber. En el segundo, nos detendremos en los cambios en los modos de subjetivación (de la sujeción social a la esclavitud maquínica). Por último, exploraremos los nuevos regímenes de imágenes y de signos que nuestros autores hicieron corresponder con las sociedades contemporáneas. No obstante, ninguna de estas transformaciones es legible, para la teoría social crítica deleuzoguattariana, sin los agenciamientos concretos en los que tienen lugar. Por ello abordaremos algunos ejemplos de componendas de la computación ubicua que ilustrarán las dimensiones de las nuevas vías de modulación (codificación) del poder contemporáneo y de agenciamientos massmediáticos que aseguran formas novedosas de reterritorializaciones por medios artificiales (territorialización). Hacia el final nos detendremos en el dato primario de toda formación social, sus posibles líneas de fuga.
Familia y relaciones matrimoniales en la corte de Felipe IV: la descendencia del II Conde de Castrill
Authors: Paulo Correa Marcelo
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo reflexiona sobre la importancia que tuvieron las relaciones familiares en la configuración del sistema político durante el reinado de Felipe IV (1621-1665). Está centrado en el análisis de los matrimonios de la descendencia de uno de los personajes más importantes del período: García de Avellaneda y Haro, II conde de Castrillo.A través de esta investigación se promueve el diálogo entre recientes propuestas teórico-metodológicas de la historia social y el paradigma de la Corte como sistema de gobierno. Con lo cual también se pretende hacer un ensayo de la utilización conjunta de estas dos tradiciones historiográficas.Para la confección del presente trabajo se han utilizado fuentes provenientes del Archivo de Protocolos Notariales de Madrid, del Archivo Histórico Nacional, del Archivo del Reino de Navarra y de la sección Cervantes de la Biblioteca Nacional de España.
Las batallas por los significados en las democracias posdictatoriales. Una comparación entre Chile y España
Authors: Vera Gajardo Sandra
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo compara Chile y España en base a tres marcos de interpretación colectiva predominantes de las trayectorias posdictatoriales (transición, memoria y derechos humanos). En esta comparación se identifica que la unión entre memoria y derechos humanos es propia de Chile desde el fin de la dictadura, mientras que en España resulta ser una alianza estratégica reciente. En ambos países el marco de la transición política puede tener encuentros con el discurso de la memoria y de los derechos humanos dependiendo del potencial conflictivo que mantengan estos últimos.
Las políticas sociales en el régimen del etnoemprendimiento. Trayectorias posibles para el destinatario mapuche.
Authors: Navarrete Saavedra Rodrigo Agustin
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo tiene por propósito discutir sobre el papel que han jugado las políticas sociales en el multiculturalismo chileno de la posdictadura, con especial énfasis en los discursos y las trayectorias que dichos enunciados y tecnologías ayudan a configurar para los destinatarios dentro del actual régimen de subjetivación del etnoemprendimiento. Teóricamente se trata de extender elementos de la analítica foucaultiana del gobierno de las poblaciones hacia la nueva cuestión étnica y el multiculturalismo neoliberal, pero situados y adaptados desde un posicionamiento latinoamericano crítico y con aspiración descolonizadora. Del análisis de un amplio corpus textual de documentos de dominio público emanados de fuentes estatales, para-estatales y sub-estatales de gubernamentalidad, se exponen y discuten las configuraciones discursivas que mejor expresan la racionalidad etnogubernamental durante la posdictadura y las trayectorias que las políticas sociales ayudan a configurar para sus destinatarios.
Juan Luis Carrellán (Editor). La Guerra Civil Española: Estudios y reflexiones desde Chile. Santiago, Bicentenario, 2018
Authors: Ramos Rodríguez Froilán J.
Published: May 2022

Reseña del Libro:
Juan Luis Carrellán (Editor). La Guerra Civil Española: Estudios y reflexiones desde Chile. Santiago, Bicentenario, 2018.
Transformar desde el territorio. Hacia una política pública comunal de migraciones. El caso de estudio de la comuna de La Pintana, Santiago de Chile
Authors: Gutiérrez Juan Pablo
Published: May 2022

El presente trabajo comienza por describir los principales conceptos asociados a la inmigración internacional presente hoy en Chile para luego profundizar/analizar el modelo de trabajo que un municipio en particular, el de La Pintana (Santiago de Chile), realiza en la materia. El texto aborda la historicidad de las iniciativas locales de la comuna señalada tendientes al acompañamiento de este grupo de la población, para luego explicitar de manera directa las líneas de acción actuales que el municipio contempla y el respectivo análisis de resultados de las mismas. Desde un abordaje epistémico preocupado fundamentalmente de los métodos de trabajo que se llevan adelante y, desde la utilización de un método de investigación mixto para la obtención de resultados; la investigación busca conocer la estrategia que la Municipalidad de La Pintana lleva adelante para la creación de su primera política pública comunal en materia de migraciones internacionales y personas solicitantes de refugio.
Para ser Colombianos por Siempre: esferas privadas y públicas para la génesis y construcción de un colectivo migrante en Temuco
Authors: Burón Rodríguez Lucero Paz , Diaz Crovetto Gonzalo Rodrigo
Published: May 2022

El trabajo en comunidades migrantes en Chile es amplio y diverso. Sin embargo, el rol de colectividades migrantes que buscan visibilizar, representar, e incidir en las políticas públicas ha sido poco explorado. Este artículo aborda la génesis y conformación de la colectividad migrante Colombianos por Siempre. Planteamos que esta construcción se desarrolla a partir de procesos de reterritorialización, marcados por las esferas privadas y públicas, a partir de las cuales los/las colombianos integrantes transforman su desterritorialización cultural, a partir de la elaboración de sentidos de pertenencia que les permiten generar auto-representaciones propias y para otros. La creación de esta colectividad migrante surge como una forma de contestar y marcar presencia frente a problemáticas que los afectan y frente a las representaciones que otros generan sobre ellos. La experiencia de Colombianos por Siempre como colectivo social, cultural y político permite observar también posibilidades y propuestas en torno a la construcción de ciudadanías en contextos de diversidad cultural.
Antropología de las Ruinas. Desestabilización y fragmento
Authors: Márquez Francisca , Bustamante Javiera , Pinochet Carla
Published: May 2022

Este artículo elabora, a modo de ensayo, algunos avances teóricos de un proyecto de investigación sobre ruinas urbanas en tres ciudades de América Latina, y analiza la noción de ruinas en tanto espacios de articulación de materialidades, temporalidades y agencias diversas. La hipótesis señala que, en tanto artefacto cultural, esto es, manifestación de la actividad humana creativa, la ruina molesta e incomoda porque desordena y desestabiliza los preceptos del progreso urbano, confrontándolo y tensionando a la ciudad en sus pretensiones de futuro. El texto se organiza en el análisis de tres dimensiones: a) las fuerzas de la naturaleza y la cultura; b) las latencias del pasado y las configuraciones del presente; c) y las agencias diferenciadas que relevan el carácter histórico y político de la ruina. Se sostiene que en el proceso de transformación, nunca acabado, del escombro a la ruina y de la ruina al escombro, los procesos de modernización, progreso y urbanización son resistidos y subvertidos. Finalmente, ofrecemos algunas reflexiones finales que ayudan a imaginar una “antropología de las ruinas”, que permita aproximarse a su complejidad desde una perspectiva relativista, crítica y comprensiva.
Movilidad cotidiana e interurbana en contextos de exclusión socioespacial al sur de Chile. Aportes para pensar los territorios no metropolitanos en América Latina
Authors: Riquelme Brevis Hernán , Saravia Cortés Felipe , Azócar Weisser Javiera
Published: May 2022

La movilidad permite explorar diversos espacios de la vida cotidiana, transformándose en una categoría de análisis que cada vez adquiere mayor relevancia en las ciencias sociales. El presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar las experiencias de movilidad cotidiana en contextos de exclusión socioespacial en el sur de Chile, cuyas implicancias entrecruzan las subjetividades del viaje y la infraestructura de la movilidad. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, específicamente entrevistas semiestructuradas a 110 personas en el período 2014-2018. Dentro de los resultados destaca la aparición de movilidades interurbanas con ritmos y espacio-temporalidades diferenciadas de las prácticas tradicionalmente urbanas; condiciones de precariedad que trascienden el tiempo destinado a la movilidad, y tácticas de viaje que se complementan con la organización de la movilidad efectuada al alero de sistemas de transporte propios del sur de Chile.
"Zoi püchükechegelu ñi mapuzungun engün: Una revisión de los estudios sobre el habla infantil en Mapuzungun”
Authors: Vivar Pilar , Henríquez Marisol
Published: May 2022

En los últimos 70 años los estudios sobre la adquisición del lenguaje han cobrado especial importancia dentro de la lingüística, lo cual se ha visto reflejado en el surgimiento de variadas teorías, que bajo distintos prismas han intentado explicar dicho proceso. En la actualidad, existe relativo consenso en que ninguna teoría puede explicar algo tan complejo y multifactorial como lo es la adquisición de la lengua materna. Sin embargo, hasta ahora sólo se ha documentado el 1% de las lenguas del mundo, por lo que el estudio de la adquisición y desarrollo en lenguas originarias es aún más escaso. La siguiente revisión presenta las investigaciones que se han hecho en mapuzungun evidenciando que la mayoría de éstas se han enfocado en etapas posteriores de la adquisición.
Lo urbano en tensión: capitalismo global y nuevas geografías sociales en ciudades actuales
Authors: Rojo Mendoza Félix , Hidalgo Rodrigo , Rodriguez Laura
Published: May 2022

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Evaluation of Diameter of Main Hilar Renal Artery to Predict the Presence of Supplementary Renal Artery by Contrast-enhanced MDCT: A Retrospective Study from in Northern India
Authors: Gupta Manu , Kaul Nishav , Shukla Ashish Kumar
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Accessory renal arteries are non anastomotic end arteries that correspond to a single renal artery’s segmental branch. It is the most common anatomic variation of renal artery, with an incidence ranging from 8.7% to 75.7%. Aim: To determine the normal reference range of diameter of the main hilar renal artery in presence or absence of supplementary renal arteries and using contrast-enhanced Multidetector Computerized Tomography (MDCT) in North Indian population. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy in collaboration with the Department of Radiodiagnosis at Santosh Medical College and Hospital, Ghaziabad and Dr. O.P Gupta Imaging Centre, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, from April 2019 to October 2021. Data analysis was done from November 2021 to December 2021. Contrast-enhanced MDCT scan images were reviewed for measurement of the diameter of main hilar and supplementary renal artery. A total of 108 patients were recruited through consecutive sampling. The diameter of the main hilar and supplementary renal artery on each side was measured at the site of origin from the abdominal aorta with the help of an electronic calliper in axial view of MDCT images. The mean differences among the groups with and without supplementary renal artery were evaluated using the student’s t-test. Results: The mean diameter of the main hilar renal artery in the absence of the supplementary renal arteries on the right and left side were 5.99±1.13 mm and 6.07±1.25 mm respectively.The mean diameter of the main hilar renal artery with supplementary renal arteries on the right side was 5.11±1.096 mm and on the left was 5.18±1.08. The mean diameter of the main hilar renal artery was smaller in kidneys with a supplementary renal artery than in those without a supplementary renal artery, statistically significant difference was evaluated (p-value<0.001 on the right and left side). Conclusion: The diameter of the main hilar renal artery can indicate whether supplemental renal arteries exist or not.
On the Early Frisian Settlements in Scotland
Authors: Skene William F
Published: May 2022

The author presents the argument that the Frisian people settled in the UK before the Saxons. Firstly he tries to establish the date in which the Saxons first came to Britain by analysing the contents of a number of chronicles including Bede and Nennius. From these accounts he concludes that in the fourth century the Saxons settled in the UK in both Kent and somewhere in Scotland. Using documentary sources and place-name analysis, he proposes three locations in Scotland where these Frisian settlements may have been. He also briefly discusses Frisian settlers in Ireland.