bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fumigaciones, incumplimientos, coaliciones y resistencias
Authors: Gutiérrez Francisco
Published: August 2020

Este artículo intenta explicar la forma en que el estado colombiano procesa las demandasy movilizaciones cocaleras: sentarse a negociar para después incumplir (“el ciclode incumplimiento”). Muestro que, a pesar de lo aparentemente contraproducente quees, el ciclo es una forma persistente, quizás la principal, de respuesta de nuestro estadofrente a las movilizaciones. Argumento que al menos parte del ciclo del incumplimientose debe a la naturaleza de las coaliciones que soportan la guerra contra las drogas enColombia. Por una parte, esas coaliciones son típicamente “largas”, yendo desde loglobal hasta lo puramente local, por lo que pueden cargarles costos prohibitivos a loscampesinos cultivadores sin que los diseñadores de las políticas se vean afectados. Porla otra, esas coaliciones no siempre se han articulado fácilmente a la otra gran guerraglobal que se ha llevado a cabo en el país, la guerra contra la subversión. Ambas circunstancias generan permanentes bloqueos, inestabilidades y problemas de acción colectiva.
Agronegocio, deforestación y disputas en torno al Ordenamiento Territorial de Bosques Nativos de la provincia de Córdoba (Argentina)
Authors: Salizzi Esteban
Published: August 2020

El objetivo del artículo consiste en realizar un aporte al estudio de las consecuencias ambientales generadas por la expansión territorial del modelo productivo de los agronegocios en Argentina, enfocando la atención en el proceso de deforestación impulsado a través del avance de la frontera agraria moderna sobre los departamentos del norte de la provincia de Córdoba (Río Seco, Sobremonte y Tulumba). Se identifican y analizan tres aristas de la problemática indicada: i) el proceso de deforestación propiamente dicho, donde se tienen en consideración las transformaciones generadas por la expansión del modelo productivo de los agronegocios en los inicios de la década de 2000; ii) la lucha de intereses que puso de manifiesto la discusión y sanción de la Ley Provincial 9814 (de Ordenamiento Territorial de Bosques Nativos) en el año 2010; y iii) sus alcances y perspectivas en relación con la situación actual de los bosques nativos del norte provincial.
Profiting from the Decoy Effect: A Case Study of an Online Diamond Retailer
Authors: Wu Chunhua , Cosguner Koray
Published: August 2020

This paper validates the existence of the decoy effect in the online diamond market, quantifies its magnitude, and explores its managerial implications.
Incentive Design for Operations-Marketing Multitasking
Authors: Dai Tinglong , Ke Rongzhu , Ryan Christopher Thomas
Published: August 2020

A firm hires an agent (e.g., a store manager) to undertake both operational and marketing tasks. Marketing tasks boost demand, but for demand to translate into sales, operational effort is required to maintain adequate inventory. The firm designs a compensation plan to induce the agent to put effort into both marketing and operations while facing demand censoring (i.e., demand in excess of available inventory is unobservable). We formulate this incentive-design problem in a principal-agent framework with a multitasking agent subject to a censored signal. We develop a bang-bang optimal control approach, with a general optimality structure applicable to a broad class of incentive-design problems. Using this approach, we characterize the optimal compensation plan, with a bonus region resembling a “mast” and “sail” such that a bonus is paid when either all inventory above a threshold is sold or the sales quantity meets an inventory-dependent target. The optimal mast-and-sail compensation plan implies nonmonotonicity, where the agent can be less likely to receive a bonus for achieving a better outcome. This gives rise to an ex post moral hazard issue where the agent may “hide” inventory to earn a bonus. We show that this ex post moral hazard issue is a result of demand censoring. If available information includes a waiting list (or other noisy signals) to gauge unsatisfied demand, no ex post moral hazard issues remain.

This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
Warranty Matching in a Consumer Electronics Closed-Loop Supply Chain
Authors: Calmon Andre P. , Graves Stephen C. , Lemmens Stef
Published: August 2020

Problem definition : We examine a dynamic assignment problem faced by a large wireless service provider (WSP) that is a Fortune 100 company. This company manages two warranties: (i) a customer warranty that the WSP offers its customers and (ii) an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) warranty that OEMs offer the WSP. The WSP uses devices refurbished by the OEM as replacement devices, and hence their warranty operation is a closed-loop supply chain. Depending on the assignment the WSP uses, the customer and OEM warranties might become misaligned for customer-device pairs, potentially incurring a cost for the WSP. Academic/practical relevance : We identify, model, and analyze a new dynamic assignment problem that emerges in this setting called the warranty matching problem. We introduce a new class of policies, called farsighted policies, which can perform better than myopic policies. We also propose a new heuristic assignment policy, the sampling policy, which leads to a near-optimal assignment. Our model and results are motivated by a real-world problem, and our theory-guided assignment policies can be used in practice; we validate our results using data from our industrial partner. Methodology : We formulate the problem of dynamically assigning devices to customers as a discrete-time stochastic dynamic programming problem. Because this problem suffers from the curse of dimensionality, we propose and analyze a set of reasonable classes of assignment policies. Results : The performance metric that we use for a given assignment policy is the average time that a replacement device under a customer warranty is uncovered by an OEM warranty. We show that our assignment policies reduce the average uncovered time and the expected number of out-of-OEM-warranty returns by more than 75% in comparison with our industrial partner’s current assignment policy. We also provide distribution-free bounds for the performance of a myopic assignment policy and of random assignment, which is a proxy for the WSP’s current policy. Managerial implications : Our results indicate that, in closed-loop supply chains, being completely farsighted might be better than being completely myopic. Also, policies that are effective in balancing short-term and long-term costs can be simple and effective, as illustrated by our sampling policy. We describe how the performance of myopic and farsighted policies depend on the size and length of inventory buildup.
General William Gorgas: outstanding medical administrator
Authors: Ellis Harold
Published: August 2020

This year marks the 100th anniversary of the death of General William Crawford Gorgas, probably the most famous public health administrator, who first achieved fame for his work in dealing with the epidemic of yellow fever in Cuba in the early 20th century.
Distribution of mayflies in thirty streams of Western Ghats, Southern India

Authors: BARATHY S , SIVARUBAN T , SRINIVASAN PANDIARAJAN
Published: August 2020

Mayflies are recognized as potential bioindicators of good water quality and they are not widely been studied in Indian subcontinent. So the current paper aims to describe the distribution and trophic categorization of mayflies in connection with stream order, mesohabitats and landscape elements. The study was carried out in 30 streams of Palni and Cardamom hills of Southern India from 2017–2018. A total of 10,075 individuals of mayflies were collected from 30 sites. The species richness among the six landscape elements (evergreen, semi evergreen, forestry plantation, areca nut, scrub and habitation) were examined and the outcomes show that streams moving through evergreen territories have more richness (25.6%) followed by semievergreen regions (23.2%) and no mayflies are acquired from pool. PCA results showed that among the mesohabitats; run, riffle and bank underpins the mayfly taxa. Functional Feeding Group (FFG) results shows 27 sites were overwhelmed by scrapers, 2 sites were dominated by collectors and in one site collectors and scrapers were equivalent. Ternary plot reveals scrapers were found to be predominant in all the stream orders. The present study also revealed that in Palni and Cardamom hills, larger numbers of species of Ephemeroptera were sampled from stream orders II and III contrast with stream orders I and IV. Key words: Ephemeroptera, RCC, scrapers, arecanut, FFG
Design of a superresolution large-aperture telescopic optical system with a wide field of view
Authors: Wang Chao , Shi Hao-dong , Liu Zhuang , Fu Qiang , Zhang Su , Zhan Jun-tong , Li Ying-chao , Jiang Lun , Zhang Peng
Published: August 2020

A pupil modulator is a useful tool to improve the resolution of an optical imaging system beyond the classical diffraction limit. However, when this technology is used in a large-aperture telescopic imaging system, the field of view (FOV) with good superresolution (SR) imaging quality is significantly smaller than the designed FOV of the baseline optical system. In this paper, we investigate the influence of various aberrations on the SR properties of a telescopic system using a low sidelobe five-ring pure phase pupil modulator. On this basis, we propose an optimal design method for a wide FOV and a large-aperture telescopic baseline optical system with uniform image quality and a particular residue of symmetric aberration. The design results show that when the optimized 4 m aperture baseline optical system and the modulator are combined as the imaging system, the imaging system has a round and very similar point spread function in the FOV range of 0.28°; the SR gain ratio is 1.234–1.254; and the highest sidelobe intensity is less than 0.1; thus, the system maintains a high resolution ratio and a low sidelobe energy throughout the entire FOV. Finally, a reasonable tolerance model of the baseline optical system is established. The central symmetry tolerances are observed to be loose in this model, thereby reducing the cost and manufacturing difficulty of the system.
Polarized light scattering measurements as a means to characterize particle size and composition of natural assemblages of marine particles
Authors: Koestner Daniel , Stramski Dariusz , Reynolds Rick A.
Published: August 2020

Polarized light scattering measurements have the potential to provide
improved characterization of natural particle assemblages in terms of
particle size and composition. However, few studies have investigated
this possibility for natural assemblages of marine particles. In this
study, seawater samples representing contrasting assemblages of
particles from coastal environments have been comprehensively
characterized with measurements of angle-resolved polarized light
scattering, particle size distribution, and particle composition. We
observed robust trends linking samples containing higher proportions
of large-sized particles with lower values of the maximum degree of
linear polarization and the second element of the scattering matrix at
a scattering angle of 100°,

p

22

(

100

∘

)

. In contrast, lower values
of

p

22

(

20

∘

)

were found in more
non-phytoplankton—or inorganic--dominated samples. We also determined
that three measurements involving the combinations of linearly
polarized incident and scattered beams at two scattering angles (110°
and 18°) have the potential to serve as useful proxies for estimating
particle size and composition parameters.
Optical multi-image encryption based on focal length multiplexing and multimode phase retrieval
Authors: He Xiaoliang , Jiang Zhilong , Kong Yan , Wang Shouyu , Liu Cheng
Published: August 2020

A novel optical multi-image encryption method based on focal length multiplexing and multimode phase retrieval is proposed in this study. During the encryption process of the proposed method, multiple secret images were encrypted into a single intensity-only image using focal length multiplexing and a coherent diffractive imaging-based encryption system. A specially designed iterative algorithm based on multimode phase retrieval is proposed for the accurate decryption of the original multiple secret images from the intensity pattern. The advantages of the proposed method include a compact optical setup and high decryption quality. The feasibility, security, and robustness of the proposed method were investigated by numerical simulations.
Enhanced 3D-CAP modulation with information-inserted time slots for seven-core fiber transmissions
Authors: Zhang Jingyi , Liu Bo , Mao Yaya , Ren Jianxin , Han Shun , Chen Shuaidong , Xu Xing , Wu Xiangyu , Song Xiumin , Jiang Lei , Zhao Jianye
Published: August 2020

An enhanced three-dimensional carrier-less amplitude phase (3D-CAP) modulation with information-inserted time slots is proposed in this paper. Compared with the traditional 3D-CAP, the proposed scheme can reduce the value of the up-sampling factor by loading information on the time slots position, thus achieving better bit error rate (BER) performance under the same bit rate. An experiment demonstrating 43.75 Gb/s MIMO-free transmission employing the proposed enhanced 3D-CAP modulation over 2 km weakly coupled 7-core fiber is successfully carried out. The experimental results show that the difference between the best and worst core is about 1.7 dB in receiver sensitivity at a BER of 1 × 10−3 due to the geometrical reason, and the proposed scheme outperforms the traditional 3D-CAP-16 by 2.7 dB in core-1.
Goos-Hänchen and Imbert-Fedorov shifts on hyperbolic crystals
Authors: Wang Xiang-Guang , Zhang Yu-Qi , Fu Shu-Fang , Zhou Sheng , Wang Xuan-Zhang
Published: August 2020

We investigated Goos-Hänchen (GH) and Imbert-Fedorov (IF) shifts on a uniaxial hyperbolic crystal, where a circularly-polarized beam was incident on the crystal from the free space. The GH- and IF-shifts were analytically obtained and numerically calculated for the hexagonal boron nitride. Our results demonstrate that the GH- and IF-shift spectra are complicated and completely different in and out the hyperbolic frequency-bands (the reststrahlen bands in the infrared region). At the critical or Brewster angle, concisely analytical expressions of GH-shift was found, which explicitly state the optical-loss dependence of GH-shift at these special angles. We found the GH-shifts are very large at the critical and Brewster angles. It is very necessary to know these effects since hyperbolic materials are usually applied in the nano- and micro-optics or technology fields.
Injection-seeded single-longitudinal-mode Ti:Sapphire laser with no active stabilization
Authors: Marienko I. G. , Zhi M. , Khizhnyak A. I. , Sokolov A. V.
Published: August 2020

We report on the first injection-seeded nanosecond Ti:Sapphire laser that demonstrates a stable single-longitudinal-mode operation with no feedback loop for active cavity stabilization. The short cavity generates 6-mJ transform-limited pulses at a wavelength of 807 nm and with a slope efficiency of 43%. An intracavity dispersive prism makes a novel cavity design for injection-seeded lasers and provides pre-selection of the emission wavelength. In support of these experiments, we perform numerical simulations that include extra cavity losses. The simulation results are in good agreement with the outcome of the experiment and reveal the formation scenario of the laser mode.
High degree of chaos synchronization in pairs of transverse modes with parity-symmetric polarizations in a thin-slice solid-state vector laser and application to polarimetric secure self-mixing metrology
Authors: Otsuka Kenju
Published: August 2020

A high degree of chaos synchronization among transverse mode pairs with parity-symmetric polarizations was demonstrated in a laser-diode pumped thin-slice c-cut

N
d

:

G
d
V

O

4

laser. The amplitude correlation coefficient greater than

R

>

0.994

resulted from a non-reversing mirror symmetric-polarization-dependent structural change in the modal patterns, where chaotic dynamics of the whole system consisting of qualitatively different dynamics, which depend on the polarization crossing angle, resembled that of a chaotic single mode laser. A self-organized sender-receiver type of chaos synchronization of a single pair of modes among an infinite number of parity-symmetric polarizations, the associated chaotic camouflaging, and the extracting experiment of a self-mixing solid-state laser Doppler velocimetry signal were demonstrated.
Chronic sodium bromide relieves autistic-like deficits in the Oprm1 mouse model of autism and modulates the activity of serotonin and dopamine receptors in vitro
Authors: Derieux Cécile , Roux Sébastien , Plouvier Thierry , Léauté Audrey , Brugoux Agathe , Becker Jérôme , Le Merrer Julie
Published: August 2020

Chronic sodium bromide relieves autistic-like deficits in the
Oprm1 mouse model of autism and modulates the activity of serotonin and dopamine receptors
in vitro

C. DERIEUX

1, S. ROUX
1, A. LEAUTE
1, T. PLOUVIER
2, J.A.J. BECKER
1, J. LE MERRER
1

1

Déficits de Récompense, GPCRs et Sociabilité, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA UMR0085, CNRS UMR7247, Université de Tours, Inserm ; 37380 Nouzilly, France

2

Térali Innov, 37230 Fondettes, France

Corresponding author : cecile.derieux@inra.fr

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex neurodevelopmental diseases whose diagnosis lies on the detection of impaired social skills together with restricted and repetitive behavior and interests (DSM-5). Although the etiology of ASD remains mostly unknown, impaired excitation/inhibition ratio appears as a common mechanistic feature. Bromide ion is known to reduce hyperexcitability, possibly by competing with chloride ions at channels and transporters and may thus have therapeutic potential in ASD.

Aims :
We evaluated the therapeutic potential of bromide ion in the
Oprm1
-/-
mouse model of ASD and the molecular mechanisms involved in bromide treatment, notably effects on GPCRs.

Methods :

In vivo, we first assessed the effect of chronically administered sodium bromide on autistic-like behavioral deficits and performed RT-qPCR on brain structures known to be involved in ASD.
In vitro, we evaluated the impact of bromide ion on G-protein mediated signaling of serotonin and dopamine receptors.

Results :

In vivo, sodium bromide (30 to 500 mg/Kg) dose-dependently improved social interaction and preference, reduced stereotypies and decreased anxiety. Bromide also impacts the expression of genes coding for some GPCRs, chloride transporters and GABA
A subunits.
In vitro, bromide behaves as a positive allosteric modulator of 5-HT
6, 5-HT
7 and D1 receptors but not 5-HT
4 and D2 receptors.

Conclusions :
The beneficial effects of bromide administration in a genetic murine model of ASD and its impact on both gene expression and GPCR pharmacology
predicts high translational potential in patients with autism, despite high heterogeneity in etiology and symptoms.
Towards exploring adaptive and associatively reactive answer strategies to creativity test queries
Authors: Olteteanu Ana-Maria , Dyer Jonathan
Published: August 2020

This poster presents an initial set of observations on different strategies of solving a creativity test under difficult conditions. Human participants show a propensity to answer with a stronger associate of one or two of the query items, while less frequently responding with a weaker but more inclusive associate of all three. Additionally, solvers sometimes responded with answers that held functional relations to the query item(s), even when instructed to provide a compound solution. These strategies of falling back on semantic or strongly occurring associates are explored, together with some of their implications on the design of adaptive mechanisms for cognitive systems.
Health Systems of Underdeveloped and Developing Countries
Authors: Mango Lucio
Published: August 2020

The right to health and access to health care are basic human rights, yet the relationship between poverty, marginalization and access to services is often misunderstood or overlooked in health policies and in development actions. To build equitable health systems a rights-based approach to reform and planning is needed. This involves a wide range of interventions, all of which should ensure that investments in the health system will bring benefits to all members of society, especially the poorest and most marginalized
Social cultural factors influencing health seeking practices among men suffering from lower urinary tract symptoms attending surgical outpatient clinic at a county referral hospital in Kenya
Authors: Mwendia Muriuki Festus , Wambua Mbithi Bernard , Oluchina Sherry
Published: August 2020

Health seeking practices is critical towards early screening, detection and control of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) whereby human prostate gland is the major cause of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCA), which mostly accounts for LUTS. Social cultural factors such as cultural beliefs, educational level, income level and religion among many others have a direct influence on health seeking practices both positively and negatively in as far as LUTS are concerned. The researcher explored social cultural factors influencing health seeking practices among men with LUTS attending surgical outpatient clinic at Meru level five hospital (Kenya). De-scriptive cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from 120 men with LUTS, and 4 health workers. Census method was used to select the study participants with questionnaires, interview guide and focused group discussion used as instruments of data collection. Quantitative data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22, whereas the qualitative data was analyzed using qualitative techniques. Descriptive statistics were computed to generate percentages and frequencies, which were then presented in tables and charts. Logistic regression was used whereby P-values were employed to determine the statistical significance of results with cut off set at (p â‰¤0.05). Majority (67.0%) of the patients with LUTS were aged between 61-70 years. Also, majority (68.8%) of the respondents had primary level of education, with majority (72.0%) of them being farmers with an income level of below Ksh. 20,000. The study results showed that social cultural factors had statistical significant influence on health seeking practices among men with LUTS.Â Â Â Â
Status of common disease profile and death records among admitted child patients in medical college hospital
Authors: Shahariar Khan Md. , Rahimullah Miah Md. , Hussain Tania , Moosa M.A. Quaium Syed , Rahman Azizur
Published: August 2020

Background: The study assesses the common disease profile and death records among admitted child patients at the department of Paediatrics in Northeast Medical College Hospital (NEMCH) of Bangladesh.Methodology: This was an observational study conducted in the department of Paediatrics in Medical College Hospital over a period of three years. The patients of common diseases were hundred in number surveyed through primary questionnaire in respect to their profile, diagnosis and death records. The selected common diseases were ARI, diarrhoea, protein energy malnutrition and febrile convulsion.Results: The numbers of total admitted child patients with common diseases were 10737 for three years with the ratio of 1: 0.93 between the male and female. Out of them neonatal and general patients were 3622 and 7115 respectively. In 2018 child patients were less in numbers other than two years. ARI is more common in the end of year but diarrhoea in same added the beginning of following year. The study also represents the febrile convulsion and malnutrition are more in middle and round the year successively.From 2017 to 2019 the death records of neonate and general at the department of NEMCH are 101 and 84 respectively. Indeed, it is a good sign to reducing the unwanted death in common disease through the consecutive year. A systematic control model is developed to recover from the common diseases associated with hospital admitted child patientsâ€™ management.Conclusion: If the medical authority can take advances in preventive measures through health awareness, quality training, safe health care with equipment, facilities and trained-up personnel, then the mortality and morbidity can be reduced suggestively in connection with dynamic National Health Policy and Sustainable Development Goals 2030.Â Â
Camilo: mito, rito y sacrificio
Authors: García Duarte Ricardo
Published: August 2020

Han pasado 50 años desde la muerte del cura guerrillero,Camilo Torres Restrepo. Sobreviene el hecho enuna emboscada casi anodina, Patio Cemento, un lugar dela cordillera santandereana.Había en ese combate algo supremamente trivial y, a lavez, trágicamente grandioso. Era el final de una vida en laque se habían adivinado las marcas que trazaban un destino;y un destino que empujaba al sacrificio: como si el aurade un sino sacrificial la hubiera envuelto desde siempre.El mismo era un oficiante de sacrificios. Se había decididopor el sacerdocio, después de ensayar con las leyes. Y yase sabe: el poder eminente del sacerdote es el de ejercer ycontrolar el sacrificio religioso; ese sacrificio que reproducela muerte de Jesucristo, quien al encuentro de la traiciónque lo acecha tiene que jugar el papel del inocente que seofrece como víctima.
La paz en Colombia: más allá de los acuerdos, más cerca de la sociedad
Authors: Wilches Tinjacá Jaime
Published: August 2020

El año 2016 será recordado por tres hechos inéditos:1. La firma de un acuerdo de paz entre el Gobiernode Juan Manuel Santos y las Fuerzas armadas revolucionariasde Colombia (Farc), 2. Lo que trajo como consecuenciael cese del fuego bilateral, y 3. La convocatoriaa la ciudadanía para refrendar los acuerdos de La Habana,Cuba. Pero más allá de la discusión de la conveniencia o node lo pactado, de lo que se trata aquí, es del reconocimientoexplícito que se le ha dado a la importancia de reconstruirlas estrategias con las que se había pensado solucionar elconflicto, muchas de ellas reducidas a la obsesión por militarizara la sociedad o al extremo de ser permisivos
Racismo en Estados Unidos: desafíos en el mundo contemporáneo
Authors: Bustos Laura , Caro Lady , Chisco Karen
Published: August 2020

En el 2014 se registró la muerte de dos afroamericanos en manos de oficialesde policía de EEUU, quienes al final del proceso fueron absueltos. En este casono llamó tanto la atención la impunidad de la justicia, sino la reapertura a undebate que ha sido una constante en la formación identitaria de Estados Unidos:las dinámicas implícitas y explícitas con las que se manifiesta en el mundocontemporáneo el racismo, y que a pesar de las luchas de personajes comoMartin Luther King y Abraham Lincoln, ponen en duda hasta qué punto se haacabado esta práctica, y por el contrario, cómo gruesos sectores de la sociedadcivil legitiman la exclusión de la diferencia. Por tal razón, a partir de las teoríasde Charles Darwin y Herbert Spencer (darwinismo social y determinismo racial)junto con el enfoque postmodernista de las relaciones internacionales, se haceun análisis de las formas más sutiles de exclusión social y racial, teniendo encuenta los desafíos que presentan estos temas en la actualidad.
De actos e identidades: La homosexualidad en la construcción de la Modernidad
Authors: Sfeir Younis Luis
Published: August 2020

Como resultado de enormes transformaciones en elsistema económico, político y social de la Europa capitalista y colonial, en las últimas décadas del siglo XIX ocurrió un cambio que consistió en un replanteamiento, no necesariamente un reemplazo, de una serie de actos sexuales y no sexuales anteriormente sancionados en la premodernidad como pecados, vicios o actos contra Dios, la naturaleza y el hombre. En el moldeamiento de un tipo de persona definido por esas conductas un personage–, se perfila una identidad denominada “homosexual”,de singular naturaleza. Para poder entender esa transición y tener una mejor idea del proceso de su construcción social, es necesario, además de tener en cuenta las enormes transformaciones que ocurrieron en el siglo XIX, incorporar una serie de ideas y factores históricos más específicos, tales como la noción de sodomía, las transformaciones en las concepciones culturales del cuerpo y del deseo, las concepciones de raza y de género y la noción de orientación sexual, que hicieron posibles la consolidación del homosexual como una identidad social. El hecho de que ni la palabra homosexual ni la homosexualidad (entendida como identidad) existieran antes del siglo XIX (la premodernidad) no significa que los actos sexuales entre hombres o entre mujeres no se hayan dado o que muchas personas no hayan sentido deseo.
L´œuvre littéraire et le réel: entre l´ambition de saisir le monde et le défi de la création
Authors: Patiño Rojas Diana Marcela
Published: August 2020

Cet article propose une réflexion à propos de la nature du lien entre l´oeuvre littéraire et le réel, à travers l´analyse de différentes perspectives théoriques présentées par des philosophes, écrivains et théoriciens de la littérature tels que Platon, Aristote, Diderot, Hugo, Balzac, Champfleury, Maupassant, Baudelaire, Cousin, Proust et Barthes., appartenant à différentes époques.  Il s´agit donc de retracer les conceptions de ces auteurs par rapport à l´oeuvre littéraire et son lien avec le réel avec le double propos de definir un panorama de la question, dans lequel l´on met en évidence le développement d´une discussion qui a eu lieu pendant des siècles; et de présenter un point de vue particulier afin de nourrir cette réflexion. Egalement, l´on cherche à constater que les considérations sur le réel et son rapport avec l´oeuvre, continuent d´être de nos jours, l´objet de réflexion et de la création littéraire.
En torno al proceso adaptativo de obras literarias al cine
Authors: Ferrera Juan Ramón
Published: August 2020

El presente artículo parte de una revisión bibliográfica que permitió determinar los principales presupuestos teóricos para el estudio de las adaptaciones fílmicas de textos literarios, para obtener una visión más completa de cuáles han sido los enfoques y perspectivas más recurrentes en el tratamiento brindado a estos temas por los estudiosos.
Математические модели стохастической динамики развития предприятий
Authors: Сараев Александр Леонидович , Saraev Aleksandr Leonidovich , Сараев Леонид Александрович , Saraev Leonid Alexandrovich
Published: August 2020

Предложены математические модели стохастической динамики развития однофакторных производственных предприятий за счет внутренних и внешних инвестиций. Сформулированы уравнения баланса для таких предприятий, описывающие случайные процессы непрерывного увеличения выпуска продукции и роста факторов производства. Исследовано взаимодействие пропорциональных, прогрессивных и дигрессивных амортизационных отчислений с внутренними и внешними инвестициями. Получены уравнения для определения равновесного состояния работы предприятия и вычислены предельные значения факторов производства. Рассмотрены случаи стабильного поступательного развития предприятия, приостановки его работы во время переоснащения производства и временного кризисного сворачивания производства при замене оборудования.
Алгоритм численного решения стохастических дифференциальных уравнений развития предприятий построен в соответствии с методом Эйлера-Маруямы. Для каждой реализации этого алгоритма строятся соответствующие стохастические траектории для случайной функции фактора производства. Разработан вариант метода расчета математического ожидания случайной функции фактора производства и получено для него соответствующее дифференциальное уравнение. Показано, что численное решение этого уравнения и среднее значение функции фактора производства вычисленное по двумстам реализациям стохастических траекторий, дают практически одинаковые результаты. Численный анализ разработанных моделей показал хорошее соответствие известным статистическим данным работы производственного предприятия.
Групповая классификация, инвариантные решения и законы сохранения нелинейного двумерного ортотропного уравнения фильтрации с дробной производной Римана-Лиувилля по времени
Authors: Лукащук Вероника Олеговна , Lukashchuk Veronika Olegovna , Лукащук Станислав Юрьевич , Lukashchuk Stanislav Yur'evich
Published: August 2020

Рассматривается нелинейное двумерное ортотропное уравнение фильтрации с дробной производной Римана-Лиувилля по времени. Доказывается, что такое уравнение может допускать группы точечных преобразований только линейно-автономного типа. Решается задача групповой классификации рассматриваемого уравнения по его точечным симметриям относительно коэффициентов пьезопроводности, являющихся функциями квадрата модуля градиента давления. Доказывается, что если порядок дробного дифференцирования меньше единицы, основная допускаемая уравнением группа точечных преобразований является четырехпараметрической и расширяется до пятипараметрической в изотропном случае. Для степенных зависимостей коэффициентов пьезопроводности допускаемая группа становится пятипараметрической в ортотропном случае и шестипараметрической в изотропном случае. Также выделяется специальный вид степенной зависимости коэффициентов, не имеющий аналога в случае классического уравнения фильтрации, при котором происходит дополнительное расширение группы оператором проективного преобразования. Для уравнения с порядком дробного дифференцирования $\alpha \in (1,2)$ размерности всех допускаемых групп оказываются на единицу больше за счет допускаемого оператора, соответствующего сдвигу решения на дополнительное частное решение этого уравнения.
На основе проведенной групповой классификации для соответствующих алгебр Ли инфинитезимальных операторов групп точечных преобразований, допускаемых различными видами рассматриваемого нелинейного ортотропного дробно-дифференциального уравнения, выписываются представления инвариантно-групповых решений, соответствующие оптимальным системам двумерных подалгебр. Приводятся примеры уравнений, получающихся в результате симметрийной редукции исходного дробно-дифференциального уравнения, а также некоторые их решения.
Доказывается, что рассматриваемое дробно-дифференциальное уравнение фильтрации является нелинейно самосопряженным, что дает возможность строить его законы сохранения. Соответствующие компоненты всех найденных сохраняющихся векторов приводятся в явном виде.
Ползучесть и длительная прочность металлов при нестационарных сложных напряженных состояниях (обзор)
Authors: Локощенко Александр Михайлович , Lokoshchenko Alexander Mikhaylovich , Фомин Леонид Викторович , Fomin Leonid Viktorovich , Терауд Валентин Викторович , Teraud Walentin Viktorovich , Басалов Юрий Генрихович , Basalov Yuriy Genrikhovich , Агабабян Вардан Самвелович , Agababyan Vardan Samvelovich
Published: August 2020

Данная статья представляет собой аналитический обзор экспериментальных и теоретических исследований ползучести и длительной прочности металлов при
нестационарных сложных напряженных состояниях, опубликованных за последние
60 лет.
Первые систематические исследования ползучести металлов при сложном
напряженном состоянии были опубликованы в конце 50-х и начале 60-х годов
ХХ века в Советском Союзе (Л. М. Качанов и Ю. Н. Работнов) и Великобритании (A. E. Johnson).
Пионерские работы по длительной прочности впервые появились в СССР (Л. М. Качанов и Ю. Н. Работнов). Впоследствии Ю. Н. Работнов разработал кинетическую
теорию ползучести и длительной прочности, с помощью которой можно эффективно
описывать различные особенности процесса ползучести металлов вплоть до
разрушения при различных программах нагружения. В разных вариантах
кинетической теории используются либо скалярный параметр поврежденности,
либо векторный параметр, либо тензорный параметр, либо их комбинация. Вслед
за работами М. Качанова и Ю. Н. Работнова механика континуального разрушения
стала развиваться в Европе, в Азии и затем в США.
В качестве основной связи компонент тензоров напряжений и деформаций
ползучести принимается гипотеза пропорциональности девиаторов напряжений и девиаторов скоростей деформаций ползучести. При моделировании
экспериментальных данных коэффициент пропорциональности в этой зависимости
принимает разные формы. Основная проблема в развитии данного направления
состоит в трудностях получения экспериментальных данных при произвольных
программах нагружения.
В данном обзоре приведены основные результаты исследований, проводимых
учеными разных стран. Кроме Ю. Н. Работнова и Л. М. Качанова,
существенный вклад в развитие рассматриваемого направления науки внесли также
российские ученые Н. Н. Малинин, А. А. Ильюшин, В. С. Наместников, С. А. Шестериков, А. М. Локощенко, О. В. Соснин, Ю. П. Самарин, А. Ф. Никитенко и др.
Overload and Lifetime Test of Machine Cut Polymer Gears
Authors: Odrobina Miklós , Kalácska Gábor , Keresztes Zsolt Róbert
Published: August 2020

The weight of polymer gears is increasing continuously due to their advantageous properties. This is the reason why in recent years traditional metal gears have been replaced by polymer counterparts in plethora applications. Despite their benefits, their load-carrying capacity is limited. The polymer gears become unable to operate and their teeth generally fail when the load exceeds a defined limit. It is required to explore the limit of polymer materials in gear field. In this work, the gears are manufactured by machine cutting. This paper aims to investigate the limit of load-carrying capacity and the lifetime of POM and PA6 G gears.
Introduction
Authors: Borthwick Kate , Plutino Alessia
Published: August 2020

Welcome to this collection of short papers from the eLearning Symposium 2020! The 13th eLearning Symposium was held at the University of Southampton, on the 24th of January 2020. Our theme was ‘Education 4.0 revolution: transformative approaches to language teaching and learning, assessment, and campus design’. At the time, the ideas and topics we discussed were future-gazing, but within months, they have become a reality for many of us.
Transforming learning spaces for multilingual interaction: the outcomes of a workshop delivered at the 2020 eLearning Symposium
Authors: Goria Cecilia , Guetta Lea
Published: August 2020

The design of innovative learning spaces currently affects different educational sectors, including university teaching and learning. A parallel can be identified between the weakening of the specialisation of spaces for formal, informal, life-long learning, social interaction, and leisure and the blurring of the boundaries between work/learning and social engagement. Furthermore, a user-centred approach to space design mirrors the ongoing development towards student-centred education and the emphasis on making these spaces digitally competitive equally reflects the increasing integration of technologies in teaching and learning. This contribution is the report of a workshop delivered at the eLearning Symposium, 24th January 2020, Southampton, which explored possible designs for a learning space conducive of multilingual communication, collaboration, and creativity.
Web-based and interactive Italian blended learning course: embedded apps and tools in a structured learning process
Authors: Capitani Laura
Published: August 2020

‘Web-based and Interactive Italian’ is a detailed and progressive programme developed by the author for the Maastricht University Language Centre. The course started in 2013, with the intention of catering for the variability in the number of students following the regular courses, as well as broadening the language offer using blended learning. The eight interactive tutor-led Skype sessions are preceded by 80 hours of self-study per level. Starting from a flipped classroom approach, it is structured in three consecutive learning steps. It makes use of existing language apps and tools, like Babbel2 and Quizlet3, and of a manual book used at the intermediate levels, as well as bespoke web-based and interactive learning materials as preparation for the oral sessions. The course is still running successfully and represents an effective alternative to traditional courses, offering distance learners the possibility of completing the whole study programme from A1 to B2.
The idea of the exclusion of necrophilic attitudes in critical psychology of Erich Fromm
Authors: Śliwerski Bogusław
Published: August 2020

The subject of the analysis is the category of the inclusion as a process that does not only apply to people with special developmental or life needs, but also to social sciences, which as a result of the positivist research paradigm have divided and separated from each other. Meanwhile, human upbringing requires the inclusion of biophilic orientation towards life in all social sciences, whose achievements should be considered and applied to improve educational processes. The Author borrows inspiration from the typology of human attitudes of Eric Fromm, because it makes readers aware of the negative effects of necrophilia in interpersonal relationships. The Author analyses Fromm’s approach against the background of selected ideas of Polish pedagogical views.
Gradual loss of vision and performing the role of father
Authors: Czerwińska Kornelia
Published: August 2020

Performing social roles, including family-related ones, by people with visual impairment is associated with experiencing various types of difficulties It is basically a consequence of the socially established negative image of these people who areperceived as not fully competent and requiring assistance. Previous few studies devoted to the motherhood of blind and partially sighted women indicate relatively frequent reactions of their social environment expressing the belief that a visually impaired woman is not able to perform her role as a wife and mother in a proper way. The psychosocial situation of fathers with visual impairment is rarely analysed in research activities, and knowledge of the relationship between gradual loss of vision and experience of fatherhood is relatively poor. The aim of the article is to present the results of a qualitative study focused on learning the subjective experience of performing the role of a parent by a man with progressive vision loss. In the biographical study of an individual case, the narrative interview technique was used, and the analysis of the collected material was referred to such spheres of experiencing fatherhood as: the concept of role, sources of satisfaction and positive experience related to the role, perceived relationships between the way of performing the role and progressive impairment.
Exosomics
Authors: Mitsis Thanasis , Pierouli Katerina , Diakou Kalliopi Io , Papakonstantinou Eleni , Bacopoulou Flora , Chrousos George P , Vlachakis Dimitrios
Published: August 2020

Extracellular vesicles have been the focus of a large number of studies in the past five years. Exosomes, a subgroup of extracellular vesicles, are of particularly high interest because they partake in a wide number of biological pathways.  Produced by a variety of cells, exosomes have an important role in both physiological and pathological conditions.  Exosome cargo heavily defines the vesicles' unique characteristics, and cargo with the most intriguing prospects in its' biomedical applications is the non-coding RNAs.  Non-coding RNAs, and specifically microRNAs are implicated in the regulation of many biological processes and have been associated with numerous diseases. Exosomes containing such important cargo can be used as biomarkers, therapeutic biomaterials, or even drug carriers. The potential media use of exosomes seems promising. However, some obstacles should be overcome before their clinical application.  Synthetic exosome-like biomolecules may be a solution, but their production is still in their beginning stages. This review provides concise information regarding the current trends in exosome studies.
Petrified animals: fossil beads from a Neolithic hunter-gatherer double burial at Zvejnieki in Latvia
Authors: Macāne Aija
Published: August 2020

The cemetery at Zvejnieki in Latvia was in use from c. 7500–2600 BC, spanning part of the regional Mesolithic and Neolithic. This article presents a reanalysis of finds from a double inhumation burial of a male and a female dating to 3786–3521 BC. A unique leg ornament associated with the female is composed of tubular beads. Previously believed to have been made of bird bone, reanalysis of 68 of these beads now demonstrates that they were produced from fossilised sea lilies (Crinoidea). This new identification of a rarely recognised raw material is discussed in the context of other hunter-gatherer encounters with unusual materials and their environments.
Understanding of Perceived Infectiousness and Its Influence on Sexual Behavior Among Individuals With Acute HIV Infection in Lilongwe, Malawi (HPTN 062)
Authors: Ritchwood Tiarney D. , Massa Cecilia , Kamanga Gift , Pettifor Audrey , Hoffman Irving , Corneli Amy
Published: August 2020

We implemented HPTN 062, an acceptability and feasibility study of a motivational-interviewing (MI) intervention to reduce HIV transmission among individuals with acute HIV infection (AHI) in Lilongwe, Malawi. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either brief education or the MI intervention over 24 weeks; all participants received the same messages about AHI. We used mixed methods to assess participants' understanding of the association between AHI and viral load, and its connection to sexual behavior at 8 weeks. While most participants understood key aspects of AHI, MI-intervention participants gave substantially more detailed descriptions of their understanding. Nearly all participants, regardless of study arm, understood that they were highly infectious and would be very likely to transmit HIV after unprotected sex during AHI. Our findings suggest that messages about AHI delivered during the period of AHI are likely beneficial for ensuring that those with AHI understand their level of infectiousness and its association with forward transmission.
THE EFFECT OF GLYCEROL ON THE FORMATION OF CHITOSAN/POLYCAPROLACTONE AND CHITOSAN/CYCLOOLEFIN COPOLYMER BILAYER FILMS
Authors: SÖĞÜT Ece , SEYDİM Atıf Can
Published: August 2020

Chitosan (CH) films were prepared with/without glycerol as a plasticizer and coated with polycaprolactone (PCL) and cycloolefin copolymer (COC) to form bilayer films. The effect of the second layer coating on the physicomechanical properties of CH films was determined. The adhesion of PCL and COC solutions, when coated on CH film, was investigated by contact angle measurement. The contact angle of PCL film solutions was lower than COC film solutions (P <0.05). Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed better compatibility between CH and PCL, while a phase separation was observed for CH/COC bilayers. Bilayers showed higher resistance to water when compared to neat CH film samples (P <0.05), while a reduction was found in tensile properties for bilayer films. Bilayer films had similar transmittance values with monolayer films (P >0.05). The physicomechanical properties of CH films significantly influenced by the addition of glycerol and application of the second layer.