bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Confirmatory Evaluation of an Educational Orientation Tool for Pre-University Students
Authors: Olmos-Gómez María del Carmen , Luque-Suárez Mónica , Cuevas-Rincón Jesús Manuel
Published: December 2019

This study incorporates the design and validation of a questionnaire for the evaluation of Careers Advisory Services and the systematic processes that influence it (family, peer groups, socioeconomic status, etc.). In addition, it examines its psychometric properties within a multicultural population of students attending educational centres in the south of Spain. It seeks to create a valid instrument that is reliable as a measurement tool and useful for evaluating decision making situations relevant to the future working context. A perspective of working life is given through consideration of the degree choices made by those involved in the decision-making process. The metrics used showed high content and construct validity. Structural equation modelling (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were employed. Indicators described by Wald and Lagrange were used to examine and modify the model in order to obtain a model that best fits relevant theory and goodness of fit criteria.
Conclusion: Perspectives on Language, Literacy, and Deafness
Authors: Paul Peter V. , Alqraini Faisl
Published: December 2019

As indicated in this Special Issue, there has been much debate on the development of English language and literacy in d/Deaf and hard of hearing (d/Dhh) students. Questions remain on the nature of the first language and the relation of this language to the development of English literacy. There is also considerable controversy on the role of English phonology. Adding to the complexity is the increase of d/Dhh children for whom English is not the home language and the ongoing challenge of addressing the needs of those with disabilities or additional disabilities. After describing English literacy and the need for documenting desirable research characteristics, the authors of this conclusion article utilize a construct named the Qualitative Similarity Hypothesis (QSH) as the guiding framework for addressing issues such as the role of phonology and the nature of the through-the-air form of the language of print. The QSH asserts that d/Dhh students need to master the same set of fundamentals as typical English literacy learners. These fundamentals include code-related, language-related, and comprehension-related skills. One major assertion is that proficiency in the through-the-air form of English is essential for achieving proficiency in conventional English literacy skills. It is argued that the importance of English language proficiency has been emphasized in literacy models that delineate the strong connections among language, reading, and writing, even for second language learners of English or English learners. Another major assertion is that proficiency in English phonology is necessary (albeit not sufficient) for the development of emerging decoding skills. The use of English phonology facilitates the early and advanced literacy comprehension skills. The article concludes with recommendations for additional research, including the understanding of the visual representation of the structure of English, the development of comprehensive English language assessments, and the exploration of literacy-related skills such as decoding and comprehension. Finally, the validity of the QSH also needs to be further investigated.
A Multi-Objective Parallel Iterated Greedy for Solving the p-Center and p-Dispersion Problem
Authors: Pérez-Peló Sergio , Sánchez-Oro Jesús , López-Sánchez Ana Dolores , Duarte Abraham
Published: December 2019

This paper generalizes the iterated greedy algorithm to solve a multi-objective facility location problem known as the Bi-objective p-Center and p-Dispersion problem ( B p C D ). The new algorithm is coined as Multi-objective Parallel Iterated Greedy (MoPIG) and optimizes more than one objective at the same time. The B p C D seeks to locate p facilities to service or cover a set of n demand points, and the goal is to minimize the maximum distance between facilities and demand points and, at the same time, maximize the minimum distance between all pairs of selected facilities. Computational results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm over the evolutionary algorithms NSGA-II, MOEA/D, and the Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm 2 (SPEA2), comparing them with the optimal solution found by the ϵ -constraint method.
CMOS RF Transmitters with On-Chip Antenna for Passive RFID and IoT Nodes
Authors: Merenda Massimo , Iero Demetrio , G. Della Corte Francesco
Published: December 2019

The performances of two RF transmitters, monolithically integrated with their antennas on a single CMOS microchip fabricated in a standard 0.35 µm process, are presented. The usage of these architectures in the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm is envisioned, as part of a custom conceived data transmission system. The implemented circuits use two different directly on–off keying (OOK) modulated oscillator topologies whose outputs are employed to feed two loop antennas. The powering of both transmitters is duty-cycled for reducing the average power consumption to a few tenths of a microwatt, allowing the usage as low-power transmitters for IoT nodes. The integrated loop antennas radiate sufficient power for a few meters’ communication range. The OOK transmitted signal can be easily detected using a commercial receiver.
Improving GPU Performance with a Power-Aware Streaming Multiprocessor Allocation Methodology
Authors: Tasoulas Zois-Gerasimos , Anagnostopoulos Iraklis
Published: December 2019

Graphics processing units (GPUs) are extensively used as accelerators across multiple application domains, ranging from general purpose applications to neural networks, and cryptocurrency mining. The initial utilization paradigm for GPUs was one application accessing all the resources of the GPU. In recent years, time sharing is broadly used among applications of a GPU, nevertheless, spatial sharing is not fully explored. When concurrent applications share the computational resources of a GPU, performance can be improved by eliminating idle resources. Additionally, the incorporation of GPUs in embedded and mobile devices increases the demand for power efficient computation due to battery limitations. In this article, we present an allocation methodology for streaming multiprocessors (SMs). The presented methodology works for two concurrent applications on a GPU and determines an allocation scheme that will provide power efficient application execution, combined with improved GPU performance. Experimental results show that the developed methodology yields higher throughput while achieving improved power efficiency, compared to other SM power-aware and performance-aware policies. If the presented methodology is adopted, it will lead to higher performance of applications that are concurrently executing on a GPU. This will lead to a faster and more efficient acceleration of execution, even for devices with restrained energy sources.
A Complementary Recycling Operational Transconductance Amplifier with Data-Driven Enhancement of Transconductance
Authors: Li Xiang , Hou Bo , Ju Chunge , Wei Qi , Zhou Bin , Zhang Rong
Published: December 2019

An improved operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) is presented in this work. The fully differential OTA adopts the current recycling technique and complementary NMOS and PMOS input branches to enhance the total transconductance. Moreover, in order to achieve higher current efficiency, a data-driven biasing circuit was developed to dynamically adjust the power consumption of the amplifier. Two comparators were added to detect the voltage difference at the input nodes, and when the differential input is large enough to activate either comparator, extra biasing current is activated and poured into the amplifier to enhance its slew rate and gain-bandwidth product (GBW). The threshold voltage of the complementary recycling folded cascode (CRFC)-based comparator is configured to suppress overshoot. Complementary common-mode feedback (CMFB) topology with local CMFB structure is built to acquire high common-mode gain. The OTA was fabricated in SMIC 0.18- μ m CMOS technology. The experimental result based on a capacitive feedback loop shows that the data-driven operation improves the average slew rate of the amplifier from 10.2 V/ μ s to 55.5 V/ μ s while the power only increases by 150%. The OTA has good potential to satisfy the fast settling demands for capacitive sensing circuits.
Cooling Technologies for High Power Density Electrical Machines for Aviation Applications
Authors: Canders Wolf-Rüdiger , Hoffmann Jan , Henke Markus
Published: December 2019

This paper is aimed at giving an overview of possible cooling technologies for electrical machines and their assessment for aviation applications, e.g., fan or propeller drives. The most important demand for aircraft is the minimization of the drive system weight comprising electrical machine, power electronics, and the cooling system. The potential of aluminum winding an overview about several cooling technologies with the Rankine or Brayton cycle or utilizing the phase change of the cooling fluid is given. As an alternative approach, the cooling structure inside the machine is studied. A very interesting potential was discovered with direct slot cooling (DSC) removing the heat where it is produced and, thus, simplifying the cooling system effort and its weight. Since it is one of the most promising approaches, this cooling method is studied in depth. Furthermore, it can also be combined with one of the cooling technologies discussed above.
Plasmapheresis Reduces Mycophenolic Acid Concentration: A Study of Full AUC0–12 in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Piyasiridej Sudarat , Townamchai Natavudh , Udomkarnjananun Suwasin , Vadcharavivad Somratai , Pongpirul Krit , Wattanatorn Salin , Sirichindakul Boonchoo , Avihingsanon Yingyos , Tungsanga Kriang , Eiam-Ong Somchai , Praditpornsilpa Kearkiat
Published: December 2019

Background: Mycophenolic acid (MPA), a crucial immunosuppressive drug, and plasmapheresis, an effective immunoreduction method, are simultaneously used for the management of various immune-related diseases, including kidney transplantation. While plasmapheresis has been proven efficient in removing many substances from the blood, its effect on MPA plasma levels remains unestablished. Objectives: To evaluate the full pharmacokinetics of MPA by measuring the area under the time–concentration curve (AUC0–12), which is the best indicator for MPA treatment monitoring after each plasmapheresis session, and to compare the AUC0–12 measurements on the day with and on the day without plasmapheresis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in kidney transplantation recipients who were taking a twice-daily oral dose of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, Cellcept®) and undergoing plasmapheresis at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, during January 2018 and January 2019. The MPA levels were measured by an enzymatic method (Roche diagnostic®) 0, 1/2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12 h after MMF administration, for AUC0–12 calculation on the day with and on the day without plasmapheresis sessions. Plasmapheresis was started within 4 h after administering the oral morning dose of MMF. Our primary outcome was the difference of AUC0–12 between the day with and the day without plasmapheresis. Results: Forty complete AUC measurements included 20 measurements on the plasmapheresis day and other 20 measurements on the day without plasmapheresis in six kidney transplant patients. The mean age of the patients was 56.2 ± 20.7 years. All patients had received 1000 mg/day of MMF for at least 72 h before undergoing 3.5 ± 1.2 plasmapheresis sessions. The mean AUC on the day with plasmapheresis was lower than that on the day without plasmapheresis (28.22 ± 8.21 vs. 36.79 ± 10.29 mg × h/L, p = 0.001), and the percentage of AUC reduction was 19.49 ± 24.83%. This was mainly the result of a decrease in AUC0–4 of MPA (23.96 ± 28.12% reduction). Conclusions: Plasmapheresis significantly reduces the level of full AUC0–12 of MPA. The present study is the first to measure the full AUC0–12 in MPA-treated patients undergoing plasmapheresis. Our study suggests that a supplementary dose of MPA is necessary for patients undergoing plasmapheresis.
Periprosthetic Osteolysis: Mechanisms, Prevention and Treatment
Authors: Goodman Stuart B. , Gallo Jiri
Published: December 2019

Clinical studies, as well as in vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that byproducts from joint replacements induce an inflammatory reaction that can result in periprosthetic osteolysis (PPOL) and aseptic loosening (AL). Particle-stimulated macrophages and other cells release cytokines, chemokines, and other pro-inflammatory substances that perpetuate chronic inflammation, induce osteoclastic bone resorption and suppress bone formation. Differentiation, maturation, activation, and survival of osteoclasts at the bone–implant interface are under the control of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL)-dependent pathways, and the transcription factors like nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). Mechanical factors such as prosthetic micromotion and oscillations in fluid pressures also contribute to PPOL. The treatment for progressive PPOL is only surgical. In order to mitigate ongoing loss of host bone, a number of non-operative approaches have been proposed. However, except for the use of bisphosphonates in selected cases, none are evidence based. To date, the most successful and effective approach to preventing PPOL is usage of wear-resistant bearing couples in combination with advanced implant designs, reducing the load of metallic and polymer particles. These innovations have significantly decreased the revision rate due to AL and PPOL in the last decade.
Architecture of the Triceps Surae Muscles Complex in Patients with Spastic Hemiplegia: Implication for the Limited Utility of the Silfverskiöld Test
Authors: Park Kun-Bo , Joo Sun Young , Park Hoon , Rhee Isaac , Shin Jong-Kwan , Abdel-Baki Sharkawy Wagih , Kim Hyun Woo
Published: December 2019

The Silfverskiöld test has long been used as an important tool for determining the affected muscles of the triceps surae in patients with equinus deformity. However, the test may not reflect the altered interactions between the muscles of the triceps which are affected by spasticity. The purpose of this study was to compare the architectural properties of the triceps surae muscles complex using ultrasonography, between hemiplegic patients and typically-developing children. Specifically, we wished to examine any differences in the architecture of the three muscles with various angle configurations of the knee and ankle joints. Ultrasound images of the medial gastrocnemius, lateral gastrocnemius, and soleus were acquired from paretic (group I) and non-paretic (group II) legs of ten patients and the legs (group III) of 10 age-matched normal children. A mixed model was used to evaluate the differences in the measurements of muscle architecture among the groups and the effects of various joint configurations on the measurements within the muscles. Compared to the results of measurements in groups II and III, the fascicle length was not different in the medial gastrocnemius of a paretic leg but it was longer in the lateral gastrocnemius and shorter in the soleus; the pennation angle was smaller in both medial and lateral gastrocnemii and was not different in the soleus; and the muscle thickness was found to be reduced in the three muscles of the paretic leg. Contrary to the observations in both the medial and lateral gastrocnemii, the fascicle length was increased and the pennation angle was decreased in the soleus with an increase of knee flexion. Through the current simulation study of the Silfverskiöld test using ultrasonography, we found that the changes detected in the architectural properties of the three muscles induced by systematic variations of the position at the ankle and the knee joints were variable. We believe that the limited utility of the Silfverskiöld test should be considered in determining an appropriate operative procedure to correct the equinus deformity in patients with altered architecture of the muscles in conditions such as cerebral palsy, as the differing muscle architectures of the triceps surae complex may affect the behavior of the muscles during the Silfverskiöld test.
Preparation of Modified Montmorillonite and Its Application to Rare Earth Adsorption
Authors: Liu Xu , Zhou Fang , Chi Ruan , Feng Jian , Ding Yinying , Liu Qi
Published: December 2019

Montmorillonite, the major clay mineral in the tailings of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores, was modified as an excellent adsorbent to enrich rare earth ions from solutions. It was demonstrated that 5% H2SO4 could be used as a modifier to effectively enhance the adsorption capacity of montmorillonite after modifying for 3 h with a liquid:solid ratio of 40:1 at 90 °C. A superior modified montmorillonite over montmorillonite on adsorption performance was analyzed by the XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and BET (Specific Surface Area and Pore Diameter Analysis). The adsorption behaviors of La3+ and Y3+ on modified montmorillonite were fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model and their saturated adsorption capacities were 0.178 mmol/g to La3+ and 0.182 mmol/g to Y3+, respectively. Furthermore, (NH4)2SO4 as a common leaching agent in weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores, were successfully used as the eluent to recover the adsorbed rare earth ions.
Fiber-Array-Based Raman Hyperspectral Imaging for Simultaneous, Chemically-Selective Monitoring of Particle Size and Shape of Active Ingredients in Analgesic Tablets
Authors: Frosch Timea , Wyrwich Elisabeth , Yan Di , Popp Juergen , Frosch Torsten
Published: December 2019

The particle shape, size and distribution of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) are relevant quality indicators of pharmaceutical tablets due to their high impact on the manufacturing process. Furthermore, the bioavailability of the APIs from the dosage form depends largely on these characteristics. Routinely, particle size and shape are only analyzed in the powder form, without regard to the effect of the formulation procedure on the particle characteristics. The monitoring of these parameters improves the understanding of the process; therefore, higher quality and better control over the biopharmaceutical profile can be ensured. A new fiber-array-based Raman hyperspectral imaging technique is presented for direct simultaneous in-situ monitoring of three different active pharmaceutical ingredients- acetylsalicylic acid, acetaminophen and caffeine- in analgesic tablets. This novel method enables a chemically selective, noninvasive assessment of the distribution of the active ingredients down to 1 µm spatial resolution. The occurrence of spherical and needle-like particles, as well as agglomerations and the respective particle size ranges, were rapidly determined for two commercially available analgesic tablet types. Subtle differences were observed in comparison between these two tablets. Higher amounts of acetaminophen were visible, more needle-shaped and bigger acetylsalicylic acid particles, and a higher incidence of bigger agglomerations were found in one of the analgesic tablets.
Oroxin B Induces Apoptosis by Down-Regulating MicroRNA-221 Resulting in the Inactivation of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT Pathway in Liver Cancer
Authors: Li Nannan , Men Wenxiao , Zheng Yibo , Wang Hechen , Meng Xiansheng
Published: December 2019

This study aims to investigate the anticancer effect of Oroxin B (OB) both in vitro and in vivo, and the molecular mechanism involved in microRNA-221 and the PI3K/Akt/PTEN pathway through modulation of apoptosis in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). DEN-induced rats and HepG2 cells based on the microfluidic chip were employed, while the mRNA and protein expression of microRNA-221, PI3K, p-Akt and PTEN were evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Based on Microfluidic Chip and DEN-induced rat model, OB effectively exerts anti-liver cancer effect both in vitro and in vivo, and the expression of miR-221 in OB treated groups was significantly lower than that in the control group (** p < 0.01). The RT-PCR and Western blot results suggested the PI3K mRNA and protein in OB treated groups were both lower than those in control group and indicated the overexpression of PTEN. Therefore, OB effectively exerts anticancer effects by positively regulating the PTEN gene and then inactivating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway through down-regulating the expression of the microRNA-221, thereby inducing apoptosis of liver cancer cells. This study offers a theoretical evidence for further development and clinical guidance of OB as an anti-tumor agent.
Curcumin and Its Derivatives as Potential Therapeutic Agents in Prostate, Colon and Breast Cancers
Authors: Mbese Zintle , Khwaza Vuyolwethu , Aderibigbe Blessing Atim
Published: December 2019

Cancer is a life-threatening disease and is the second leading cause of death around the world. The increasing threats of drug-resistant cancers indicate that there is an urgent need for the improvement or development of more effective anticancer agents. Curcumin, a phenolic compound originally derived from turmeric plant (Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae family)) widely known as a spice and a coloring agent for food have been reported to possess notable anticancer activity by inhibiting the proliferation and metastasis, and enhancing cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in various cancer cells. In spite of all these benefits, the therapeutic application of curcumin in clinical medicine and its bioavailability are still limited due to its poor absorption and rapid metabolism. Structural modification of curcumin through the synthesis of curcumin-based derivatives is a potential approach to overcome the above limitations. Curcumin derivatives can overcome the disadvantages of curcumin while enhancing the overall efficacy and hindering drug resistance. This article reports a review of published curcumin derivatives and their enhanced anticancer activities.
Effects of Propolis Extract and Propolis-Derived Compounds on Obesity and Diabetes: Knowledge from Cellular and Animal Models
Authors: Kitamura Hiroshi
Published: December 2019

Propolis is a natural product resulting from the mixing of bee secretions with botanical exudates. Since propolis is rich in flavonoids and cinnamic acid derivatives, the application of propolis extracts has been tried in therapies against cancer, inflammation, and metabolic diseases. As metabolic diseases develop relatively slowly in patients, the therapeutic effects of propolis in humans should be evaluated over long periods of time. Moreover, several factors such as medical history, genetic inheritance, and living environment should be taken into consideration in human studies. Animal models, especially mice and rats, have some advantages, as genetic and microbiological variables can be controlled. On the other hand, cellular models allow the investigation of detailed molecular events evoked by propolis and derivative compounds. Taking advantage of animal and cellular models, accumulating evidence suggests that propolis extracts have therapeutic effects on obesity by controlling adipogenesis, adipokine secretion, food intake, and energy expenditure. Studies in animal and cellular models have also indicated that propolis modulates oxidative stress, the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and adipose tissue inflammation, all of which contribute to insulin resistance or defects in insulin secretion. Consequently, propolis treatment may mitigate diabetic complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy, foot ulcers, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This review describes the beneficial effects of propolis on metabolic disorders.
Exogenous Nitric Oxide Mitigates Nickel-Induced Oxidative Damage in Eggplant by Upregulating Antioxidants, Osmolyte Metabolism, and Glyoxalase Systems
Authors: Soliman Mona , Alhaithloul Haifa A. , Hakeem Khalid Rehman , Alharbi Basmah M. , El-Esawi Mohamed , Elkelish Amr
Published: December 2019

Nitric oxide (NO) at optimal levels is considered beneficial to plant functioning. The present study was carried out to investigate the role of exogenously applied NO (100 and 150 µM sodium nitropurusside, SNP) in amelioration of nickel (Ni)-mediated oxidative effects in eggplant. Ni stress declined growth and biomass production, relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll pigment synthesis, thereby affecting the photosynthetic efficiency. Exogenously applied SNP proved beneficial in mitigating the Ni-mediated growth restrictions. NO-treated seedlings exhibited improved photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll content with the effect of being apparent at lower concentration (100 µM SNP). SNP upregulated the antioxidant system mitigating the oxidative damage on membranes due to Ni stress. The activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase was upregulated due to SNP which also increased the ascorbate and reduced glutathione content. SNP-supplied seedlings also showed higher proline and glycine betaine accumulation, thereby improving RWC and antioxidant system. Glyoxalase I activity was induced due to SNP application declining the accumulation of methylglyoxal. NO-mediated mitigation of Ni toxicity was confirmed using NO scavenger (PTIO, 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide), which reversed the influence of SNP almost entirely on the parameters studied. Uptake of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca) was increased due to SNP application and Ni was reduced significantly. Therefore, this study revealed the efficiency of exogenous SNP in enhancing Ni stress tolerance through upregulating antioxidant and glyoxalase systems.
HISTORIOGRAPHY OF GENOESE MEDIEVAL FORTIFICATIONS OF THE AZOV-BLACK SEA BASIN
Authors: Соина Н. , Soina N.
Published: December 2019

The art of defensive construction of the XI–XVII centuries is adequately represented in the history of architecture. Numerous historical and archaeological materials show that the overall picture of the formation of this type of architecture has obvious disadvantages in the study. As a result, inaccurate determination of the belonging of the fortifications to a particular state arose. XIII-XV centuries-this is the beginning of international trade of the Venetian and Genoese republics, which created extensive trading posts around the world. The Azov-Black Sea basin has become one of the important regions of the intersection of trade routes of the West and the East. This led to the active construction of fortified structures of various types. This article discusses the history of the Genoese colonies in the waters of the Azov-Black sea basin in the period from the XIII century and before taking control of the entire Black Sea coast by the Ottoman Empire in the XV century. In the presented material presumably locations of fortress constructions are specified, an attempt to establish belonging to the certain state is made. The paper describes some defensive fortifications and their characteristics.
Étude structurale de la séquence d'oxydation de la vivianite Fe3(PO4)2 • 8 H2O
Authors: Dormann Jean-Louis , Gasperin Madeleine , Poullen Jean-François
Published: December 2019

Les modifications structurales subies par la vivianite Fe3+(PO4)2 .8 H2O au cours de l'oxydation du fer sont suivies au moyen de diverses méthodes. La description de la structure de la métavivianite, composé intermédiaire à valence mixte de la séquence, confirme les résultats obtenus lors d'une précédente étude en spectroscopic Mössbauer sur des cristaux oxydés naturels, et permet d'émettre une hypothèse sur la position des radicaux hydroxyles issus de l'oxydation de fer, et des liaisons hydrogène. Une nouvelle étude en spectroscopic Mössbauer sur des cristaux de vivianite oxydés artificiellement et des composés isomorphes de la série kôttigite Zn3+(AsO4)2 . 8 H2O-parasymplésite Fe3+(AsO4)2.8 H2O permet de préciser les limites en oxydation des domaines monoclinique (vivianite) et triclinique (métavivianite), et des différents sites du fer dans ces deux structures, et d'autre part de s'assurer de la continuité de la séquence. Enfin une étude thermique met en évidence directement la présence de radicaux OH dans les termes oxydés.
Application of solid electrolyte cells to the field of geoscience
Authors: Amossé Jean , Fouletier Jacques , Kleitz Michel
Published: December 2019

Yttria stabilized-zirconia ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ 9 mole percent is used as a solid electrolyte conductor by O²⁻ ions in an electrolyte cell in order to measure the equilibrium potential of oxygen in minerals. Air, with P(O₂) = 0.2 atm. is taken as a reference. The oxygen pressure prevailing during deposition of a wolframite is so obtained.

The equilibrium conditions between spinel and olivine from a cumulate is determined by measuring the chemical potential of oxygen in the minerals. The equality of the corresponding e.m.f. provides the assemblage temperature.

It is shown that the solid electrolyte cell measurements can be a powerful method to determine numerous thermochemical data concerning the field of geoscience.
Spectres optiques de pyrargyrites synthétiques en fonction de la température et de la fugacité du soufre. Application à des pyrargyrites naturelles
Authors: Pinet Michèle , Cervelle Bernard , Gouet Geneviève , Maurel Colette
Published: December 2019

Des synthèses de pyrargyrites Ag₃SbS₃ ont été réalisées sous plusieurs conditions de fugacité de soufre et de température de cristallisation. Des spectres de réflectance (400-800 nm) ont été enregistrés sur sections polies et traduits en termes de coordonnées chromatiques. Il ressort de cette étude que les propriétés optiques, en particulier la longueur d'onde dominante (λ [Dnm]), sont davantage contrôlées par la température de cristallisation que par la fugacité de soufre du milieu de synthèse.

Une application de corrélation (λ [Dnm]) = ƒ(T °C) à des pyrargyrites naturelles non substituées, d'origines diverses, permet leur classement en fonction de leur origine génétique.
Origine métamorphique des grenats des volcanites acides d'âge viséen supérieur dans le nord-est du Massif central français
Authors: Bertaux Jacques
Published: December 2019

Garnets of acid volcanics (called « tufs anthracifères ») from the upper Visean, North-East of the French Central Massif, which occur either in metamorphic enclaves or in free xenocrysts, are of metamorphic origin. This result is based upon a comparison of these garnets with those of the neighbouring metamorphic basement of the Forez area. The chemical composition of garnets shows that they first belonged to sillimanite-cordierite bearing rocks.

Original metamorphic zoning is preserved in most of the mineral. At the rim, the evolution of the almandine/pyrope ratio in garnets from volcanics is the opposite of that in garnets from the metamorphic basement. This is a consequence of the ultimate magmatic stage of these minerals, during which a plagioclase-biotite reaction rim appears around free garnets.

These results suggest the need for reexamining the magmatic origin proposed by several authors for garnets of intermediate and acid volcanics occurring in different areas, these garnets having zoning and chemical characteristics similar to those of the « tufs anthracifères » garnets.

Finally, this study of garnets supports the assumption of the origin of acid magmatism from the upper Visean by anatectic melting of continental crust.
Études sur le verbe vieil-irlandais
Authors: Tremblay Xavier
Published: December 2019

I : La classe B-V de Thurneysen. Les verbes irlandais comme -gnin proviennent du développement régulier de présents à nasale infixée en *-n-eh1- et *-n-eh3-et sont rigoureusement parallèles à la classe B-IV, issue de ceux en *-n-eh2-.

II : Ro-laë et les parfaits de base ultimae laryngalis. L’amuïssement d’une laryngale à la frontière de morphème dégagea un groupe de deux voyelles pholologiquement diphonématique, mais prosodiquement monosyllabique ; ce traitement n’est pas phonétique mais traduit l’analysabilité des mots où il se produit. Masqué par l’apocope, il peut être reconstitué aux anciens parfaits redoublés de base *CReH-, et permet de reconnaître leur formation comme régulière en *Ce-CRoH- comme en avestique.
L’ouverture du ministère pastoral aux femmes dans les Églises protestantes d’Alsace et de Lorraine
Authors: Heitz-Muller Anne-Marie
Published: December 2019

Abstract : In the inter-war period the Protestant Churches of Alsace and Lorraine suffered from a severe lack of ministers. In order to remedy this shortage, several solutions were proposed ; one of them was to employ the young women who had been trained at the Faculty of Protestant Theology in Strasbourg since 1920. Thus, the Protestant Churches of Alsace and Lorraine were among the first ones in Europe to cross the barrier of the ordination of women. However, they were ordained neither without any restrictions nor without lively theological debates, the argumentation of which we present here.
Rhétorique paulinienne et terminologie qoumrânienne
Authors: Philonenko Marc
Published: December 2019

En I Corinthiens 13,2, l’apôtre Paul fait une allusion polémique au

Commentaire d’Habacuc 7,4-5. Cette allusion, transparente pour certains des destinataires de l’Épître, est masquée à d’autres par des procédés rhétoriques.
Féminisme et religion dans l’oeuvre de George Sand
Authors: Renard Marie-Reine
Published: December 2019

Le rapprochement entre émancipation féminine et religion peut sembler incongru, car il est généralement admis que les convictions religieuses sont un obstacle au féminisme et à toute forme d’émancipation. Il apparaît toutefois que les idées religieuses de George Sand, issues de différents courants de pensée du romantisme, peuvent servir de point d’appui à l’émancipation féminine. Elles semblent en outre préfigurer certaines découvertes des sciences humaines, de la sociologie historique et de l’ethnologie notamment, qu’avait résumées Bachofen vers 1860 sous le vocable «religions favorables au droit de la mère ».
Traditions axiologiques, imagination et sens de l’action
Authors: Vincent Gilbert
Published: December 2019

Vivons-nous dans un monde «désenchanté » ? Constater l’emprise de la rationalité instrumentale, voire procédurale, ne devrait pas nous faire oublier que modernité et processus de rationalisation ne se sont imposés, au travers de changements lexicaux notables, qu’après avoir remplacé par d’autres les plus anciennes représentations relatives à la condition humaine. D’hier à aujourd’hui, l’imaginaire n’est donc pas moindre. En revanche, nos capacités d’imaginer se sont dangereusement amenuisées, en même temps que l’imagination est devenue suspecte, sinon coupable, de nous détourner de l’action responsable.
La légende de Thann est-elle une légende trifonctionnelle ?
Authors: Banderier Gilles
Published: December 2019

La ville de Thann, en Alsace, célèbre chaque 30 juin une fête au cours de laquelle on brûle trois sapins, en l’honneur de saint Thiébaut (Ubaldo), évêque de Gubbio, mort en 1160 et à qui une légende attribue la fondation miraculeuse de la ville. La présente note suggère que cette légende est sans doute bâtie sur un schéma trifonctionnel d’origine indo-européenne.
Spectroscopic Characterization of Some Foil Alloys Based on Nickel
Authors: AYGUN Zeynep
Published: December 2019

In this research, we carried out some structural and magnetic analyses of foil alloys in the form of NixCr1-x (x=0.8); NixCuyFez (x=0.65, y=0.33, z=0.02); NixFeyCuzMot (x=0.77, y=0.14, z=0.05, t=0.04); NixCryCoz(MoTiAlFe)t (x=0.58, y=0.19, z=0.14, t=0.09) and NixCoyCrzFet(NMoMn)w (x=0.13, y=0.425, z=0.20, t=0.20, w=0.045). In order to have knowledge about the magnetic properties, we use electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy which is effective to see the paramagnetism in the structure. For structural analyses, several techniques were studied. Fouirer transform infrared spectrophotometer was performed to understand the functional groups in the structures. Raman experiment was applied for determination of molecular contents and minerology of the samples. Energy dispersive spectrosopy was used to learn the elemental compositions of the foils. The surface morphologies were seen by scanning electron microscopy. The obtained magnetic, structural and elemental results of the nickel based foil alloys are discussed in detail.
Medical Aspects of Ensuring In-Flight Safety of the ISS Crew for Expedition 58/59 (Express Analysis)
Authors: Bogomolov Valery Vasilievich , Pochuev Vladimir Ivanovich , Alferova Irina Vladimirovna , Khorosheva Elena Grigorievna , Krivolapov Vladimir Vsevolodovich
Published: December 2019

The article presents the results of medical support of the ISS-58/59 expedition crew. It gives a brief description of the medical support system, shows the main results of the implementation of the program for monitoring cosmonauts’ health status and the ISS RS environment during the flight, as well as the use of onboard preventive means to maintain cosmonauts’ performance and health in the flight.
Main Tasks of Training and Results of Activity of the ISS Crew for Expedition 57/58/59 When Carrying Out the Mission Plan
Authors: Kononenko Oleg Dmitrievich , Kondrat Andrey Ivanivich , Medvedev Anatoly Andreevich , Nesmeyanov Valery Valerievich , Oreshkin Gennady Dmitrievich , Saburov Pyotr Alekseevich
Published: December 2019

The paper presents the ISS crew for Expedition 57/58/59, main tasks of training, activities of the crew aboard the “Soyuz MS-11” manned transport vehicle (MTV) and International Space Station (ISS). Extravehicular operations (EVA) within the framework of the programs of the ISS RS and USOS as well as the implementation of scientific applied research and experiments are given as well.
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Chilli Seed Production
Authors: Tigari Harish , Swathi H K
Published: December 2019

In agriculture the cost-benefit is often used to assess different adaptation approaches while cropping by the farmers. The present study intends to investigate cost-benefit   associated with chili seed production by farmers in monetary term and identify the economics of seed production based on general information and responses of farmers. The study area is Arasikere which is located in Harapanahalli taluk. The study addresses the profitability of farmer based chilly seed production. The study used data, collected from farmers who are producing the chilly seed. The quality seed characterized with high germination and vigour, genetically and physically pure, free from borne diseases and insect post with relatively low moisture contain. Primary data has been collected by the farmers through structured questionnaire and random sampling technique was used while selecting the respondents. For analyzing the costs and benefits of seed production, average costs, average revenue and average return are calculated.
A Study on Household Sector Energy Consumption of Rural and Urban Areas in Virudhunagar District of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Ramabose K , Ganesan S
Published: December 2019

The word “Energy” is derived from the Greek word ‘energeia’, which means ‘in work’. It is the power or capacity to do work. Energy has become an important and one of the basic infrastructures for human development and economic growth of a country. Energy is the universal measure of all kinds of work and its consumption has been increasing worldwide. It has become a basic requirement of today’s life. In fact, it is the backbone of present day civilization. Thus, with an increase in the living standard of human beings, the energy consumption is also accelerated. There is a strong correlation between standard of living and energy consumption. Any physical activity in this world, whether carried out by human beings or by nature, is caused due to the flow of energy in one form or the other? Energy is required to do any kind of work. The work output depends on the energy input. The capacity to do work depends upon the amount of energy one can control and utilise.
A Study on Achievement in Commerce of Higher Secondary Students
Authors: Sachithanandam M , Raju G
Published: December 2019

In recent years, the interest shown in studying commerce among the students and parents at higher secondary school level and college level is in upswing and in future it would upsurge for varying reasons. In this context, the present research aims at investigating the level of academic achievement and finding out whether there is any significant difference among the higher secondary students studying commerce with regard to certain demographic variables. The applied survey research was conducted on a sample of 850 higher secondary students (492 male & 358 female) chosen from 20 schools (9 government, 5 aided & 6 private). A self-constructed and validated tool ‘Achievement Test in Commerce’ by the investigator with 50 statistically selected objective type questions (out of 80) was used for the study. The results of the descriptive analysis showed that the level of achievement in commerce of higher secondary students is average. The differential analysis result, t-test showed that there was no significant difference in academic achievement in commerce with regard to gender, locality of students and type of family; and F-test showed that there was significant difference with regard to type of school and nature of school. The study throws a light on what should be done to improve the achievement in commerce of higher secondary students having in mind the low performing groups.
SISTEM PENDETEKSI KEMIRINGAN TANAH LONGSOR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ARDUINO UNO
Authors: Simanjuntak Benrad Edwin
Published: December 2019

Bencana tanah longsor sering terjadi tanpa terduga oleh siapapun sehingga dapat menyebabkan korban harta maupun jiwa. Hal ini memerlukan sistem pendeteksi tanah longsor sehingga korban harta maupun jiwa dapat berkurang bahkan sama sekali tidak ada. Sistem pendeteksi tanah longsor ini menggunakan arduino uno yang bekerja bila terjadi kemiringan tanah pada derajat atau sudut tertentu. Informasi tanah longsor yang diperoleh akan dikirim ke operator melalui SIM800L sehingga dapat diketahui status dari bahaya tanah longsor yaitu terdiri dari status normal, siaga I, siaga II dan awas. Pada status normal, kemiringan tanah longsor sebesar 00-50, SIM800L tidak mengirim ke operator sehingga operator hanya memantau situasi. Pada status siaga I, kemiringan tanah longsor sebesar 60-100, SIM800L akan mengirim informasi ke operator dan buzzer akan berbunyi hanya sekali selama 15 detik sehingga operator menganjurkan warga sekitar untuk segera evakuasi. Pada status siaga II, kemiringan tanah longsor sebesar 110-150 dan SIM800L akan mengirim informasi ke operator dan buzzer akan berbunyi setiap 15 detik dengan interval waktu berhenti selama 5 detik sehingga operator mengharuskan warga sekitar untuk  evakuasi secepat mungkin. Pada status awas, kemiringan tanah longsor lebih besar dari 150 dan SIM800L akan mengirim informasi ke operator dan dinyatakan dalam keadaan awas/warning dan buzzer akan berbunyi secara terus-menerus. Pada keempat status tersebut dapat dilihat juga besarnya tegangan dan arus listrik serta frekuensi getaran tanah longsornya.
PEMBUATAN MODUL PRAKTEK PENGUKURAN TEGANGAN DAN ARUS PADA RANGKAIAN LISTRIK DI SMP SWASTA PERGURUAN NASIONAL SIDIKALANG
Authors: Sinabutar Dohar , Sibarani Marlon Tua pangihutan
Published: December 2019

Pengukuran tegangan dan arus pada rangkaian listrik di SMP Swasta Perguruan Nasional Sidikalang ini merupakan praktek dari alat ukur dan teknik pengukuran dari tegangan listrik dan arus listrik pada rangkaian listrik yang dipelajari di kelas 9 pada kurikulum tingkat SMP. Mengingat belum tersedianya ruang laboratorium fisika dan tidak adanya peralatan laboratorium fisika di SMP Swasta Perguruan Nasional Sidikalang sehingga para siswa hanya belajar teori tanpa adanya praktek fisika sehingga perlu diadakan pembuatan modul praktek pengukuran tegangan dan arus pada rangkaian listrik di SMP Swasta Perguruan Nasional Sidikalang ini agar sekolah ini mempunyai peralatan laboratorium Fisika khususnya di bidang listrik dan para siswa dapat mempraktekkan teori tentang fisika listrik sehingga para siswa tertarik dan mengetahui salah satu aplikasi dari pelajaran fisika khususnya tentang pengukuran tegangan dan arus pada rangkaian listrik.
Analisis Temperatur PWHT dan Holding Time pada Sambungan Las Material SA 387 Grade 11 Class 1 Terhadap Nilai Kekerasan dan Struktur Mikro
Authors: Ari Muhamad
Published: December 2019

Material SA 387 Grade 11 Class 1 tergolong material 1.25Cr-0,5Mo sangat sensitif terhadap hydrogen cracking serta nilai kekerasan yang tinggi setelah dilakukan proses pengelasan. Untuk meminimalkan kemungkinan terjadinya hydrogen cracking pada Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) dan nilai kekerasan yang tinggi maka direkomendasikan untuk dilakukan preheat dan post weld heat treatment (PWHT). Pada penelitian ini PWHT dilakukan dengan variabel temperatur dan holding time pada masing-masing spesimen, yaitu 590°C, 620°C, dan 650°C dengan holding time 30 dan 60 menit. Pemanasan dan pendinginan dilakukan di dalam automatic muffle furnace. Hasil pengujian struktur mikro menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan temperatur dan holding time dapat mempengaruhi struktur mikro. Pada uji struktur mikro diketahui bahwa semakin tinggi temperatur dan semakin lama holding time mengakibatkan dominasi fasa bainit semakin berkurang. Hasil uji kekerasan tertinggi terletak pada temperatur dan holding time terendah, yaitu 590ºC dan holding time 30 menit dengan nilai kekerasan 153,08 HVN pada base metal, 215,23 HVN pada HAZ, serta 239,28 HVN pada weld metal. Nilai kekerasan terendah didapatkan pada temperatur dan holding time tertinggi, yaitu 650ºC dan holding time 60 menit dengan nilai kekerasan 138,71HVN pada base metal, 173,65 HVN pada HAZ, serta 215,52 HVN pada weld metal.
SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK MUHASEBESİNİN TEORİK AÇIDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: DEMİRCİOĞLU Elif Nursun , EVER Demet
Published: December 2019

Son zamanlarda muhasebenin ürettiği finansal bilgilerin
işletme faaliyetlerini ve performanslarını ölçmede yetersiz kaldığı
görülmektedir. Bu nedenle muhasebeye düşen sorumluluk, finansal bilgi
üretmesinin yanı sıra finansal olmayan bilgileri de üretmesi gereğidir.
Finansal ve finansal olmayan ölçümler sonucunda işletmelerin performansı
hakkında doğru bilgi verilebilmekte ve bu durum rekabet edilebilirlik açısından
da önem taşımaktadır. Böylelikle hem çevrenin korunması hem de
sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanması, işletmelerin rekabet üstünlüğü elde edebilmeleri
için önem teşkil etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sürdürülebilirlik açısından
önem teşkil eden ve yeni bir kavram olarak geleneksel muhasebeden farklılık
arzeden “Sürdürülebilirlik Muhasebesi”nin kapsamını açıklamak ve Türkiye’de sürdürülebilirliğin
sağlanmasına yönelik sürdürülebilirlik raporlaması ile ilgili yapılan
düzenlemeleri ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda öncelikle sürdürülebilirlik
kavramı, kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik, sürdürülebilirlik raporlaması açıklanmış,
ardından yeni bir kavram olan sürdürülebilirlik muhasebesi teorik açıdan
detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda öncelikle sürüdürülebilirlik
muhasebesinin amacı, ilkeleri, veri toplama, kaydetme, ölçme, analiz etme,
raporlama süreci ve niteliksel özellikleri açıklanmıştır. Daha sonra Türkiye’de
sürdürülebilirlik raporlaması ile ilgili yapılan düzenlemeler ortaya konmuştur.