bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing benthic invertebrate vulnerability to ocean acidification and de-oxygenation in California: The importance of effective oceanographic monitoring networks
Authors: Zulian Meghan , Kennedy Esther G. , Hamilton Sara L. , Hill Tessa M. , Grisby Genece V. , Ricart Aurora M. , Sanford Eric , Spalding Ana K. , Delgado Manuel , Ward Melissa
Published: February 2025

Greenhouse gas emissions from land-use change, fossil fuel, agriculture, transportation, and electricity sectors expose marine ecosystems to overlapping environmental stressors. Existing climate vulnerability assessment methods analyze the frequency of extreme conditions but often minimally consider how environmental data gaps hinder assessments. Here, we show an approach that assesses vulnerability and the uncertainty introduced by monitoring data gaps, using a case study of ocean acidification and deoxygenation in coastal California. We employ 5 million publicly available oceanographic observations and existing studies on species responses to low pH, low oxygen conditions to calculate vulnerability for six ecologically and economically valuable benthic invertebrate species: red sea urchin (Mesocentrotus franciscanus), purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpurpatus), warty sea cucumber (Apostichopus parvimensis), pink shrimp (Pandalus jordani), California spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus), and Dungeness crab (Metacarncinus magister). Further, we evaluate the efficacy of current monitoring programs by examining how data gaps heighten associated uncertainty. We find that most organisms experience low oxygen (<35% saturation) conditions less frequently than low pH ( < 7.6) conditions. It is only deeper dwelling (>75 m depth) life stages such as Dungeness crab adults and pink shrimp embryos, juveniles, and adults that experience more frequent exposure to low oxygen conditions. Adult Dungeness crabs experience the strongest seasonal variation in exposure. Though these trends are intriguing, exposure remains low for most species despite well-documented pH and oxygen declines and strengthening upwelling in the central portions of the California Current. Seasonal biases of data collection and sparse observations near the benthos and at depths where organisms most frequently experience stressful conditions undermine exposure estimates. Herein we provide concrete examples of how pink shrimp and Dungeness crab fisheries may be impacted by our findings, and provide suggestions for incorporating oceanographic data into management plans. By limiting our scope to California waters and assessing the limitations presented by current monitoring coverage, this study aims to provide a granular, actionable framework that policymakers and managers can build from to prioritize targeted enhancements and sustained funding of oceanographic monitoring recommendations.
Leveraging natural language processing for efficient information extraction from breast cancer pathology reports: Single-institution study
Authors: Park Phillip , Choi Yeonho , Han Nayoung , Park Ye-Lin , Hwang Juyeon , Chae Heejung , Yoo Chong Woo , Choi Kui Son , Kim Hyun-Jin
Published: February 2025

Background

Pathology reports provide important information for accurate diagnosis of cancer and optimal treatment decision making. In particular, breast cancer has known to be the most common cancer in women worldwide.

Objective

For the data extraction of breast cancer pathology reports in a single institute, we assessed the accuracy of methods between regular expression and natural language processing (NLP).

Methods

A total of 1,215 breast cancer pathology reports were annotated for NLP model development. As NLP models, we considered three BERT models with specific vocabularies including BERT-basic, BioBERT, and ClinicalBERT. K-fold cross-validation was used to verify the performance of the BERT model. The results between the regular expression and the BERT model were compared using the named entity recognition (NER) techniques.

Results

Among three BERT models, BioBERT was the most accurate parsing model (average performance =  0.99901) for breast cancer pathology when set to k = 5. BioBERT also had the lowest error rate for all items in the breast cancer pathology report compared to other BERT models (accuracy for all variables ≥ 0.9). Therefore, we finally selected BioBERT as the NLP model. When comparing the results of BioBERT and regular expressions using NER, we identified that BioBERT was more accurate than regular expression method, especially for some items such as intraductal component (BioBERT: 1.0, RegEx: 0.1644), lymph node (BioBERT: 0.9886, RegEx: 0.4792), and lymphovascular invasion (BioBERT: 0.9918, RegEx: 0.3759).

Conclusions

Our results showed that the NLP model, BioBERT, had higher accuracy than regular expression, suggesting the importance of BioBERT in the processing of breast cancer pathology reports.
Videos engaging in conspiracy theories: Promoting or refuting foreign-pseudohistory on the video-sharing website (Bilibili)
Authors: Zhu Yi , Wang Yichao , Ma Siyuan
Published: February 2025

Foreign pseudohistory, as one format of conspiracy theories, is an unverified discourse explicitly stating that a culture, civilization, or achievement outside one’s homeland country did not exist, does not have historical continuity, or was plagiarized from this homeland country. The current study analyzed 302 videos about foreign pseudohistory from a popular Chinese video-sharing website (Bilibili) and found 213 videos supporting foreign pseudohistory and 89 videos opposing foreign pseudohistory. Videos opposing foreign pseudohistory attract more viewers and comments than videos supporting foreign pseudohistory, but the latter videos are posted by a smaller group of core creators and also attract considerable numbers of views. The inductive thematic analysis identified three major themes from these videos, including: 1) how foreign civilizations and history were based on fabrication and plagiarism; 2) promoting foreign pseudohistory as a way to fight against Western-centrism; and 3) refuting and mocking foreign pseudohistory and enlightening the public about the real history. The implications of this study were discussed
Gravitas and the rejection of the domestic sphere in Vera
Authors: Morgan Ashley
Published: February 2025

Gravitas, which signifies power and difference, has not been widely adopted as a perspective by which to analyse characters in popular culture. The concept of gravitas has a long history; once believed to refer to gravity and the way that matter is dragged towards the centre of the earth, traditionally, it was a title bestowed on older men who demonstrated power, seriousness, heroism and dignity. This article suggests that gravitas is a position that can be earned and is not just a sign of reverence towards men but can also be used to describe women. Using the character of Vera Stanhope from the UK detective series Vera (2011–25) this article argues that Vera embodies considerable gravitas and commands a great deal of deference from her staff. However, gravitas is attained at the expense of a conventional domestic life, which includes a lack of interest in her personal appearance, distance from personal relationships and indifference to her home. In popular culture, many of these domestic aspects act as barriers to advancements in women’s professional careers, yet arguably, rejection of the domestic sphere allows Vera to embody and command considerable gravitas and for her to fully inhabit her role as a woman Detective Chief Inspector.
Allanamiento y ocupación ilegal: aspectos procesales de la instrucción policial
Authors: Alfonso Rodríguez Adriano J.
Published: February 2025

La ocupación ilegal de viviendas se ha convertido en un problema importante a gestionar desde diversas perspectivas, siendo esencialmente dos las que nos interesan: la seguridad pública a través de la redacción del atestado, fruto de la investigación policial, y su traducción procesal penal. En este sentido, una adecuada indagación por parte de las fuerzas policiales sirve de manera muy valiosa al sistema de justicia penal, singularmente en lo que se refiere a la protección de la titularidad de inmueble y su posible restitución a su legítimo dueño o poseedor. El presente trabajo se va a centrar preeminentemente en la usurpación inmobiliaria constitutiva del delito leve del art. 245.2 del Código Penal, sin olvidar el delito de allanamiento de morada del art. 202 del mismo texto legal, en tanto constituyen dos caras de la misma moneda. La doctrina de la Fiscalía, y de la Secretaría de Estado de Seguridad del Ministerio del Interior, juntamente con la jurisprudencia, singularmente de nuestras audiencias, vertebran las reflexiones que se van a exponer, en tanto se trata de mejorar el trabajo policial con elementos de análisis que conduzcan a una praxis adecuada y eficaz por parte de los agentes que se encargan de su prevención e investigación, intentando afrontar las dudas que implican choques con determinados derechos fundamentales que es necesario examinar y que, en ocasiones, provocan esos interrogantes que dificultan una acción inmediata que acompañe una respuesta a la situación delictiva que se presenta, intentando que sirva de guía para solventar los obstáculos que puedan surgir.
Jane Fonda Redefining Age: A Legacy of Challenging Paradigms
Authors: Amiri Saba
Published: February 2025

This paper aims to capture the legacy of the American actress and activist Jane Fonda from a particular perspective: her attempt to revolutionize the conventional paradigm of aging in her publications Prime Time: Love, Health, Sex, Fitness, Friendship, Spirit: Making the Most of All of Your Life (2011), which lie at the heart of this research. When synthesized, the book offers a paradigm shift in redefining the common narrative of aging, from one dominated by decline – symbolized as the arch – to the metaphorical use of the staircase as a path that celebrates growth.
“The United States is the Main Country of Modern Capitalism”
Authors: Balogh Máté Gergely
Published: February 2025

During the Cold War, Marxist-Leninist ideology and Soviet propaganda predicted that the economy of the socialist countries was going to outgrow and overtake Western, “capitalist” countries. Today it is clear that this prognosis was never realistic. While the real figures about the condition of the socialist economies were never revealed, not even after the fall of communism (as they probably never even existed), the differences between the state of the economy in the two blocks had been obvious for most contemporary people who had seen conditions on both sides of the Iron Curtain. This included agents and officers of the Hungarian State Security who were involved in gathering intelligence in the West. This study examines the way the American economy was presented in the preparatory materials of the Hungarian State Security in a period that lasted from the early1960s, when Hungarian foreign intelligence was reorganized after the Revolution and War of Independence of 1956, until the 1980s. While the main dogmas of communism were never questioned, this was a period of détente, which included a cautious diversion from the strict application of socialist ideology, as well as the appearance of a (seemingly) more independent Hungarian foreign policy. The changes also affected the economy, and throughout the period we can witness the increasing importance of the United States as an economic partner for Hungary. These developments were also reflected in the changes in the priorities of the intelligence services, which in turn influenced the preparation of the operations, as it is apparent from the training material. At the same time, the real purpose of these textbooks was definitely not to present a realistic picture of the American economy, but rather to provide ideological education, so they never strayed too far from the constraints of the communist ideology.
Existentialism and Camp in Joseph Losey’s Boom!
Authors: Kafazi Hysni
Published: February 2025

Tennessee Williams’s The Milk Train Doesn’t Stop Here Anymore (1963) is a notable example in the playwright’s oeuvre that depicts existential concerns regarding themes like one’s attitude towards death, authenticity, and bad faith. Joseph Losey’s adaptation of this play, Boom! (1968), is unique in its treatment of the existentialist subject matter through atypical modes of representation. Criticism towards the play, and especially its filmic adaptation, has been mostly negative, with offstage problems, issues of stardom concerning the casting of Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton in the lead roles, as well as an obsessive focus with their off-screen personas overshadowing the film’s philosophical subject matter and cinematic techniques. This paper gives an overview of the characteristics of this misaligned assessment of The Milk Train Doesn’t Stop Here Anymore and Boom!, together with its contributing factors. Afterwards, it suggests to redirect critical attention towards the form-content relationship of various aspects of the movie by proposing two alternative analytical perspectives: approaching the movie from an existentialist standpoint, as well as from the framework of camp aesthetics. Finally, the paper concludes by converging both these novel approaches to demonstrate that, contrary to previous critical and public reception, Boom! succeeds in combining its serious existentialist themes and campy representation in a meaningful and coherent manner.
Aeroacoustic Simulations in Thermally Non-Homogeneous Fluid Flows
Authors: Caggio M. , Schmid M. , Valášek J. , Nečasová Š. , Bodnár T. , Starynskyi O.
Published: February 2025

The cooling system, comprising heat exchangers and cooling fans, is essential for maintaining the power performance and acceptable operational conditions of a vehicle. However, running of the cooling fan produces unwanted noise, which often becomes dominant sound produced by the vehicle. To model the noise generated by turbulent flow and heat transfer around cooling fan blades, an appropriate flow model is essential. This study employs the compressible Navier-Stokes equations with an restricted relation between temperature and density for efficient handling of non-homogeneous temperature fields, combined with Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (DDES) for advanced turbulence modeling. For the aeroacoustic analysis, a hybrid aeroacoustic approach is adopted, utilizing the Acoustic Perturbation Equation (APE) to model acoustic generation and propagation. The main aim of this study is to model the flow and the acoustic problem in the consistent way for the considered simple test case of heated cylinder walls in cross-flow. As most prior investigations focused only on isothermal conditions the model considered in this study presents an important generalization. A part of the problem is to select an efficient numerical software capable to treat temperature non-homogeneities in the flow and the aeroacoustic solver while being prepared for a possible future industrial application. The obtained results for varying thermal conditions show the significant sensitivity of produced sound pressure levels.
Vortices Inside a Ventilated Cavity
Authors: Dimitrieva N. F.
Published: February 2025

This study is devoted to the study of complex vortex flows inside the cavity and the influence of injection parameters on the restructuring of the vortex structure. The calculations are performed using the OpenFoam software. The interFoam model is used for two incompressible isothermal media without phase transition. The mesh is constructed by the stepwise cell refinement method using the snappyHexMesh utility. A complex vortex structure inside a ventilated cavity is described. Three zones are distinguished: constant pressure, viscous diffusion and two-phase mixing layer. The dimensions of the cavity parts depend on the velocity of the main fluid flow and the flow rate of the injected gas. Good agreement with theoretical and experimental data was obtained.
On the Significance of Flow Vorticity for Hemolysis Modeling
Authors: Dirkes N. , Behr M.
Published: February 2025

Flow-induced red blood cell damage (hemolysis) occurs through excessive deformation of red blood cells. Simple hemolysis models are based on fluid stress, but typically neglect the antisymmetric part of the velocity gradient tensor, i.e., flow vorticity. We show that this is not always an admissible simplification, as vorticity affects cell orientation and deformation. We introduce a systematic theory for the influence of vorticity on hemolysis. This theory helps explain differences observed experimentally between shear flow and extensional flow. We suggest an alternative definition of the scalar representative stress that incorporates vorticity effects into stress-based hemolysis models.
Example of Repeatability Issue in a Wind Tunnel Experiment Measured by PIV
Authors: Duda D. , Yanovych V. , Uruba V.
Published: February 2025

A fluid dynamic experiment in a wind tunnel has been repeated in few months. There were used the same equipment (PIV cameras, wind tunnel, model obstacle). The only difference is the time and the assembly. Thus the objective differences are calibration (tried to be as similar as possible) and atmospheric conditions represented by viscosity affecting Reynolds number. In this contribution we show the comparison of these experiments and we discuss the sources of errors decreasing the repeatability. The results are qualitatively same, reproducing even a small symmetry breaking, but they are not exactly the same in a quantitative manner.
Nebulizer Based Devices for Fine Nanoparticle Coating
Authors: Hájek J. , Malý M. , Cejpek O. , Jedelský J.
Published: February 2025

Spray coating is one of the most affordable methods for creating thin layers of material on the surface of various objects. However, as the desired coating height decreases, the application process needs to be more precisely controlled. In this study, an ultrasonic nebulizer-based spray coating device was developed. This device allows atomization of various nanofluids, including those containing nanoparticles, and enabling variation of their impact velocity. Spray characteristics were measured using Doppler anemometry (PDA) in three axial locations. The atomized nanofluids included water- and ethanol-based solutions with nanodiamonds and TiO2 concentrations of 10 and 1 mg/ml. Measurement data revealed that the device effectively produced a narrow droplet size spectrum (with most droplets below 5 μm), controlled their velocity (ranging from 20 to 138.1 m·s-1). Desired droplet deposition regime was achieved with nebulizer-based spray device.
Bio-Inspired Synthetic Jet Actuator with Piezoelectrically Driven Nozzle with Oscillating Cross Section Area
Authors: Trávníček Z. , Antošová Z. , Wang A.-B.
Published: February 2025

A novel variant of a synthetic jet actuator (SJA) was designed and tested in air. This variant is based on biomimetic ideas recognizing that the synthetic jet principles can be observed in nature as the jetting process used by various underwater creatures to generate thrust for their locomotion. While practically all technical SJAs used rigid nozzles with constant cross-sectional areas, the living creatures use flexible and adjustable tissues. To mimic the jetting mechanism of living creatures, the proposed SJA uses a flexible nozzle with a temporally variable cross section. The modulation amplitude of the nozzle cross-section area was approximately ±33% of the average area at the driving frequency of f = 62 Hz. The characteristic velocity and Reynolds number were 7.6 m/s and 2,420, respectively.
On Flutter Analysis by the Finite Element Method Using Taylor-Hood and Scott-Vogelius Elements
Authors: Vacek K. , Sváček P.
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a numerical study of a complete fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problem of incompressible fluid flow interacting with a flexible supported airfoil whose motion is described by two degrees of freedom. The governing equations for the fluid flow are formulated in the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) framework and coupled to a system of ordinary differential equations describing the airfoil motion. The numerical solution is obtained using the finite element method (FEM), where both the Taylor-Hood (TH) and Scott-Vogelius (SV) elements are used. Stabilization techniques, including the streamline upwind Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) method and grad-div stabilization, are applied to treat convection dominance and numerical oscillations. The results are validated against theoretical benchmarks, confirming the robustness and accuracy of the presented methods.
Fleeing school choice? Resident student exit from suburban school districts
Authors: Lenhoff Sarah Winchell , Pogodzinski Ben , French Kate Rollert , Cook Walter
Published: February 2025

This study examines the movement of students in suburban Detroit through open enrollment, or inter-district school choice. We examine whether absolute levels and changes in the district enrollment of Black, economically disadvantaged, and nonresident students are perceived as racial threats by suburban families, leading them to exit their local school districts, through school or residential mobility. Using a multilevel discrete time survival analysis, we found that, for each standard deviation increase in the absolute percentage of Black students in the district, resident students were nearly eight times more likely to use school choice to exit their district the subsequent school year, and for every standard deviation increase in the change of Black enrollment in the district, resident students were 32 times more likely to move to a new district. For every standard deviation increase in the absolute percentage of nonresident students in the district, a resident student was 3.5 times more likely to move to a different district. This study adds to the evidence that school choice policies may contribute to racial inequality and raises questions about the logic of shifting state education resources to nonresident districts, rather than investing in strengthening urban and exurban school systems.
Unveiling genetic diversity in teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) accessions through ISSR profiling
Authors: Ashwath M N , Santhoshkumar A V , Shankar C , Manju E , Deepu M , Shiran K
Published: February 2025

The present study focuses on understanding the genetic diversity among the selected teak accessions using Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Genomic DNA from ten selected teak accessions was extracted using a modified Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) protocol, ensuring high quality and yield. ISSR primers were employed to amplify DNA fragments and resulting bands were visualized. Banding patterns were analyzed to determine the presence of alleles and polymorphism. The study revealed significant genetic diversity among teak accessions, with 212 alleles identified, of which 199 were polymorphic. Cluster analysis grouped accessions into three distinct clusters based on genetic relatedness, highlighting the influence of environmental factors and geographic location on teaks’ genetic variability. Cluster I comprised two accessions, A1 (Top slip-6) and A2 (Top slip-10) (Jaccards’ coefficient=0.361). Notably, A6 (Nellikutha-1) and A4 (Nedumkayam-2) show a close genetic relationship, sharing a common ancestry with A10 (Karulai) and finally, all three are linked with A7 (Nedumkayam-1), forming cluster II. Cluster III included two pairs of closely related accessions: A3(TC4)-A5(TC11) and A8(Nellikutha-2) - A9 (Shankaram-thode1). Neis’ genetic identity and distance indices provided further insights into the degree of genetic similarity and differentiation among accessions.
Efficient Cost Modeling of Space-Filling Curves
Authors: Liu Guanli , Kulik Lars , Jensen Christian S. , Li Tianyi , Borovica-Gajic Renata , Qi Jianzhong
Published: February 2025

A
space-filling curve
(SFC) maps points in a multi-dimensional space to one-dimensional points by discretizing the multi-dimensional space into cells and imposing a linear order on the cells. This way, an SFC enables computing a one-dimensional layout for multidimensional data storage and retrieval. Choosing an appropriate SFC is crucial, as different SFCs have different effects on query performance. Currently, there are two primary strategies: 1) deterministic schemes, which are computationally efficient but often yield suboptimal query performance, and 2) dynamic schemes, which consider a broad range of candidate SFCs based on cost functions but incur significant computational overhead. Despite these strategies, existing methods cannot efficiently measure the effectiveness of SFCs under heavy query workloads and numerous SFC options.

To address this problem, we propose means of
constant-time
cost estimations that can enhance existing SFC selection algorithms, enabling them to learn more effective SFCs. Additionally, we propose an SFC learning method that leverages reinforcement learning and our cost estimations to choose an SFC pattern efficiently. Experimental studies offer evidence of the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed means of cost estimation and SFC learning.
GastCoCo: Graph Storage and Coroutine-Based Prefetch Co-Design for Dynamic Graph Processing
Authors: Li Hongfu , Tao Qian , Yu Song , Gong Shufeng , Zhang Yanfeng , Yao Feng , Yu Wenyuan , Yu Ge , Zhou Jingren
Published: February 2025

An efficient data structure is fundamental to meeting the growing demands in dynamic graph processing. However, the dual requirements for graph computation efficiency (with contiguous structures) and graph update efficiency (with linked list-like structures) present a conflict in the design principles of graph structures. After experimental studies of state-of-the-art dynamic graph structures, we observe that the overhead of cache misses accounts for a major portion of the graph computation time. This paper presents GastCoCo, a system with graph storage and coroutine-based prefetch co-design. By employing software prefetching via stackless coroutines and designing a prefetch-friendly data structure CBList, GastCoCo significantly alleviates the performance degradation caused by cache misses. Our results show that GastCoCo outperforms state-of-the-art graph storage systems by 1.3× - 180× in graph updates and 1.4× - 41.1× in graph computation.
Neighborhood-Preserving Graph Sparsification
Authors: Kiouche Abd Errahmane , Baste Julien , Haddad Mohammed , Seba Hamida , Bonifati Angela
Published: February 2025

We introduce a new graph sparsification method that targets the neighborhood information available for each node. Our approach is motivated by the fact that neighborhood information is used by several mining and learning tasks on graphs as well as reachability queries. The result of our sparsification technique is a sparsified graph that can be used instead of the original graph in the above tasks while still ensuring fairly good approximations for the results. Moreover, our sparsification method allows users to control the size of the resulting sparsified graph by adjusting the amount of information loss tolerated by the targeted applications. Our extensive experiments conducted on various real and synthetic graphs show that our sparsification considerably reduces the size of the graphs by achieving 40% sparsification rate on average on several input graphs. Furthermore, in the experimental study we show the utility and efficiency of our sparsification algorithm for notable data-driven tasks, such as node classification, graph classification and shortest path approximations.
Entire radial bounded solutions for Leray-Lions equations of (p, q)-type
Authors: Mennuni Federica , Mugnai Dimitri , Salvatore Addolorata
Published: February 2025

We prove the existence of entire, radial, and signed bounded solutions for a quasilinear elliptic equation in

R

N

{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}

driven by a Leray-Lions operator of the (p, q)-type. For this, we need an extension of related results by Boccardo-Murat-Puel and a variational approach in intersections of Banach spaces introduced by Candela-Palmieri.
Modulatory effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on bone cell dynamics in osteoporosis
Authors: Wang Qing , Zhang Ting , Feng Xinting , Chen Peng , Feng Ye , Huang Haoqiang , Qian Yinhua , Guo Yang , Yin Zifei
Published: February 2025

Background

Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic bone disorder marked by reduced bone mass and disrupted microstructure, leading to higher fracture risk. Epidemiological data from China show a 20.7% prevalence in women and 14.4% in men over 50, underscoring a pressing health issue given the aging population. More drugs to inhibit OP progression should be explored, and their biological mechanisms confirmed in preclinical studies.

Methods

In this study, we utilized Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), an extract from the traditional Chinese medicine Goji Berry. LBP, known for its range of pharmacological activities, was assessed for its potential therapeutic effects on OP. We specifically investigated its influence on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and functional differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

Results

LBP significantly promotes osteoblast proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation. Conversely, it inhibits the intrinsic apoptotic response in osteoblasts. For osteoclasts, LBP suppressed their proliferation, migration, and osteoclastic differentiation while enhancing their natural apoptosis. These results were confirmed by classical protein pathway detection experiments.

Conclusion

LBP showcases potential therapeutic properties against OP, particularly in modulating osteoblast/osteoclast activities. While its exact mechanisms through vital signaling pathways remain to be fully elucidated, LBP’s prominent effects suggest that it is a promising agent for OP intervention, warranting further in-depth studies.
Evaluation of color matching of three single-shade composites employing simulated 3D printed cavities with different thicknesses using CIELAB and CIEDE2000 color difference formulae
Authors: Kariper Engin , Cilingir Aylin
Published: February 2025

This study assessed the color-matching capability of three single-shade composites that employ simulated resin 3D-printed cavities with different cavity depths using CIELAB and CIEDE2000 formulas. A cylindrical model with standardized cavities was generated. One hundred and fifty blank specimens were fabricated and divided into three groups (n = 50) and then into five subgroups. The five subgroups included four groups of specimens with 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mm cavities and a control group of specimens without cavities (n = 10). Cavities were filled with Vittra Unique (VU), Omnichroma (OC), and OptiShade (OS). Color measurements were done using a clinical spectrophotometer. The color differences for all composites were calculated as ΔE and ΔE
00 using CIELAB coordinates. The color parameter data were analyzed (α = 0.05). OS had significantly lower ∆E and ∆E
00 values than the other composites for all layer thicknesses (p < 0.05). VU, OC, and OS had the lowest ∆E and ∆E
00 values at 0.5 mm (p < 0.05). Color matching of monochromatic composites decreased as the layer thickness increased. OS achieved the best color matching in this study. Single-shade composites are important for reducing chairside time and gaining confidence in clinical practice. CIELAB and CIEDE2000 color difference formulae can be used in different studies with similar results.
Impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on cognition and brain changes: a comprehensive review
Authors: He Huijing , Gao Hongjian , Zhang Yubo , Wang Qi , Li Zongyang , Wu Shuicai , Wen Caiyun
Published: February 2025

This review explores the correlation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with cognitive function and brain changes. A comprehensive search of relevant studies in the PubMed database up to June 2024 was conducted, including various study designs such as cross-sectional, longitudinal, case-control, and cohort studies. Data were extracted from 24 studies, focusing on study design, sample size, NAFLD diagnosis, control of confounders, key findings, and limitations. Neuropsychological tests utilized within each study were grouped into relevant cognitive domains. Statistical analyses and comparisons were also performed on the observed changes in brain parameters across the studies. The meta-analysis on the domain of general cognition was conducted. Results indicated that NAFLD was significantly associated with general cognition, executive function, attention, and memory. NAFLD impacts the total brain volume, the volumes of specific brain regions and certain high-intensity brain regions, the cerebral blood flow and perfusion, the integrity of nerve fiber bundles, and the brain abnormalities or lesions such as cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral microbleeds, and white matter lesions. NAFLD also affects the thickness and surface area of certain cortical regions and the resting-state brain function MRI indicators in specific brain areas. Despite these findings, the included studies varied in design, population characteristics, and outcome measures, which introduced heterogeneity that might influence the generalizability of the results. Overall, NAFLD is associated with a decline in cognitive function and alterations in certain brain parameters. Furthermore, NAFLD may exert its influence on cognition by impacting brain structure.
Analysis of External Load Variables Defining Competitive Demands in Elite Futsal Through Monitoring With Tracking Systems: A Systematic Review
Authors: Albalad-Aiguabella Rafael , Mainer-Pardos Elena , Casajús José Antonio , Vicente-Rodríguez Germán , Muniz-Pardos Borja
Published: February 2025

The popularity of futsal is growing worldwide, leading to a greater professionalization of the sport and requiring coaches to have a deeper knowledge of its competitive demands. Advanced tracking systems allow for monitoring the physical demands associated with external load, which may aid coaches in understanding critical aspects to maximize sports performance. The present systematic review aims to identify the competitive demands of futsal in terms of external load measured via tracking systems. A search was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines in Web of Science, Scopus (Elsevier), and PubMed databases up to November 2023. Of the 318 citations, 12 met the inclusion criteria. High-intensity actions are important for futsal performance. The main external loading variables that assess efforts in elite futsal are total distance, distance covered per minute, high-intensity running, accelerations, and decelerations. It is essential to analyze the external load variables relative to time. In addition, and for a deeper understanding, the analysis of the physical demands should be further explored according to specific player positions (defenders, wingers, or pivots). Futsal performance seems to be determined by the player's ability to repeat multiple high-intensity actions in very short periods.
Neurofibromin deficiency alters the patterning and prioritization of motor behaviors in a state-dependent manner
Authors: Omana Suarez Genesis , Kumar Divya S. , Brunner Hannah , Knauss Anneke , Barrios Jenifer , Emel Jalen , Teel Jensen , Botero Valentina , Broyles Connor N. , Stahl Aaron , Bidaye Salil S. , Tomchik Seth M.
Published: February 2025

Genetic disorders such as neurofibromatosis type 1 increase vulnerability to cognitive and behavioral disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neurofibromatosis type 1 results from mutations in the neurofibromin gene that can reduce levels of the neurofibromin protein (Nf1). While the mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated, loss of Nf1 may alter neuronal circuit activity leading to changes in behavior and susceptibility to cognitive and behavioral comorbidities. Here we show that mutations decreasing Nf1 expression alter motor behaviors, impacting the patterning, prioritization, and behavioral state dependence in aDrosophilamodel of neurofibromatosis type 1. Loss of Nf1 increased spontaneous grooming in male and female flies. This followed a nonlinear spatial pattern, with Nf1 deficiency increasing grooming of certain body parts differentially, including the abdomen, head, and wings. The increase in grooming could be overridden by hunger in foraging animals, demonstrating that the Nf1 effect is plastic and internal state dependent. Stimulus-evoked grooming patterns were altered as well, suggesting that hierarchical recruitment of grooming command circuits was altered. Yet loss of Nf1 in sensory neurons and/or grooming command neurons did not alter grooming frequency, suggesting that Nf1 affects grooming via higher-order circuit alterations. Changes in grooming coincided with alterations in walking. Flies lacking Nf1 walked with increased forward velocity on a spherical treadmill, yet there was no detectable change in leg kinematics or gait. These results demonstrate that loss of Nf1 alters the patterning and prioritization of repetitive behaviors, in a state-dependent manner, without affecting low-level motor functions.

Significance statementNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is associated with an increased risk of cognitive and behavioral disorders, yet the underlying neuronal mechanisms remain poorly understood. Our study utilizes aDrosophilamodel to demonstrate that loss of neurofibromin (Nf1) expression impacts motor behavior and the prioritization of repetitive actions, such as grooming, in a hunger state-dependent manner. Our experiments also suggest that alterations in neuronal circuit activity due to the loss of Nf1 influence behavior without impairing motor coordination. Understanding how Nf1 loss affects motor function can reveal the broader neuronal mechanisms contributing to cognitive impairment, providing valuable insights for developing therapeutic strategies.
Sleep modulates neural timescales and spatiotemporal integration in the human cortex
Authors: Cusinato Riccardo , Seiler Andrea , Schindler Kaspar , Tzovara Athina
Published: February 2025

Spontaneous neural dynamics manifest across multiple temporal and spatial scales, which are thought to be intrinsic to brain areas and exhibit hierarchical organization across the cortex. In wake, a hierarchy of timescales is thought to naturally emerge from microstructural properties, gene expression, and recurrent connections. A fundamental question is timescales’ organization and changes in sleep, where physiological needs are different. Here, we describe two measures of neural timescales, obtained from broadband activity and gamma power, which display complementary properties. We leveraged intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) in 106 human epilepsy patients (48 females) to characterize timescale changes from wake to sleep across the cortical hierarchy. We show that both broadband and gamma timescales are globally longer in sleep than in wake. While broadband timescales increase along the sensorimotor-association axis, gamma ones decrease. During sleep, slow waves can explain the increase of broadband and gamma timescales, but only broadband ones show a positive association with slow-wave density across the cortex. Finally, we characterize spatial correlations and their relationship with timescales as a proxy for spatiotemporal integration, finding high integration at long distances in wake for broadband and at short distances in sleep for gamma timescales. Our results suggest that mesoscopic neural populations possess different timescales that are shaped by anatomy and are modulated by the sleep/wake cycle.

Significance statementUnderstanding the organization of intrinsic neural dynamics is crucial for investigating brain functions in health and disease. A key question is: how do neural dynamics change in the sleeping brain? Here we focus on neural timescales and spatial correlations. We show that two broadband and gamma timescales manifest within neural populations recorded with intracranial electroencephalography in humans. Both timescales increase in sleep but follow opposite hierarchies: broadband timescales increase from sensory to associative areas, while gamma show the reverse pattern. Finally, timescales covary with spatial correlations, suggesting higher spatiotemporal integration over long distances in wake compared to sleep.
Motion Comics as Digital Public History
Authors: Werner Anja
Published: February 2025

Motion comics—animated picture stories on historical subjects—have received little attention as a format for presenting public history. Yet due to their literally moving multi-perspectivity, motion comics readily engage viewers, especially with contested and complex national histories. In this article, I discuss the production process of motion comics as a vehicle for public history education. First, I provide a theoretical foundation for future analyses of motion comics as public history tools. Second, I share practical insights from the project “MoCom: Motion Comics as Memory Work,” which I conceptualized and supervised with cultural anthropologist Sarah Fichtner. I tie the theoretical and practical aspects together with discussion of my very first public history motion comic, “Ghost Train” (2020), about childhood memories from the divided Germany.
Czy potrzebny jest kontratyp karcenia małoletnich w prawie cywilnym?
Authors:   Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Grudecki Michał Roman
Published: February 2025

The aim of this paper is to answer the question whether there is a need for a justification of punishing minors in the civil law? Using the methods of formal and dogmatic analysis of legal provisions, the method of critical review of literature and case law, as well as the historical-comparative method, the author initially carried out the research on the basis of the provisions of Art. 25 par. 2 of the Decree of January 22, 1946 – Family Law (hereinafter referred to as the Decree), which contained such an absolute countertype as the last legal act in the Polish legal system. To facilitate the resolution of this research question, the following hypotheses are included in the article: 1) the provision of Art. 25 par. 2 of the Decree created an absolute justification; 2) no repetition of a provision with content similar to that in Art. 25 par. 2 of the Decree indicates that the legislator withdrew from authorization to apply parental penalties to minors; 3) de lege lata, the application of any parental penalties to minors in the upbringing process is an illegal and – in principle – criminal offence; 4) there is a need to re-introduce the justification of punishing minors, which may be included in the act on civil (family) law. The considerations in the article are interdisciplinary, and in order to resolve the hypotheses, it was necessary to analyze not only the provisions of law – mainly family and constitutional – from a historical and contemporary perspective, but also to reach for the achievements of modern pedagogy and psychology. The text also ends with an attempt to answer the question about the permissible scope of interference by public authorities in the upbringing process.
Wojenne losy sądowników białostockich w świetle postępowań o uznanie za zmarłego i o stwierdzenie zgonu prowadzonych w Sądzie Grodzkim w Białymstoku w latach 1946–1950
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Fiedorczyk Piotr , Siuchnicki Krzysztof ,   Stowarzyszenie Edukacyjno-Oświatowe COPTIOSH w Białymstoku
Published: February 2025

The article presents the fate of World War II victims among the Bialystok judiciary. The fate has been reconstructed on the basis of the files of court proceedings for recognition of death and declaration of death, conducted in the Bialystok Municipal Court [Sąd Grodzki w Białymstoku] in 1946–1950. These proceedings were held on the basis of the procedure prescribed by the Decree of 29 August 1945 Personal Law. Eight case files of judges, attorneys, bailiffs and administrative staff were found of: Karol Wolisz, Cezary Pochodowicz, Stanisław Wykpisz, Henryk Jaroma, Julian Powojski, Bolesław Jan Stokowski, Stefan Doliński and Kiwa Tesfue. Most of them were victims of the Soviet system, among them there are reserve officers murdered in Katyn. Among the victims of Nazi murder, however, there were administrative employees of the courts. The identified individuals are not the only war victims among Bialystok’s court officials The article mentions, for example, two important representatives: resistance soldiers, one of whom was murdered following a trial during the communist era. The research concerning this topic will be continued.
Serum FSH levels can predict sperm identification in semen once diagnosed azoospermia
Authors: Uemura Kei-Ichiro , Iwahata Toshiyuki , Osaka Akiyoshi , Hiramatsu Ippei , Sugimoto Kouhei , Okada Hiroshi , Saito Kazutaka
Published: February 2025

Multiple semen analyses are important for identifying patients with severe oligozoospermia or cryptozoospermia. Moreover, clinical predictive factors for cryptozoospermia and severe oligozoospermia are warranted. Therefore, we aimed to identify predictors of sperm retrieval in patients with a prior diagnosis of non-obstructive azoospermia based on repeat semen analysis. We retrospectively included 209 patients diagnosed with non-obstructive azoospermia. Data regarding age at diagnosis; body mass index; testicular volume; serum luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone levels; smoking history; and testicular microlithiasis were analyzed. Patients were classified into the falsely reported azoospermia (FAZO) and true azoospermia (TAZO) groups. Furthermore, FAZO-related factors were evaluated using the Mann–Whitney U test, as well as univariate and multivariate analysis logistic regression models. Regarding FAZO-related factors, the cut-off level was determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Among 209 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia, 33 (15.8%) had spermatozoa identified in subsequent semen analyses. Multivariate analysis revealed that the FAZO group had significantly lower follicle-stimulating hormone levels than the TAZO group. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the cut-off value for the follicle-stimulating hormone level was 15.3 mIU/mL, with 26 (78.8%) and 29 (16.5%) patients in the FAZO and TAZO groups, respectively, having follicle-stimulating hormone levels ≤15.3 mIU/mL. In conclusion, the follicle-stimulating hormone level was a predictive factor for FAZO. In patients diagnosed with azoospermia who have relatively low follicle-stimulating hormone levels, multiple semen analyses might facilitate identification of sperm in ejaculated semen.