bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial Properties of Graphene Based Nanomaterials: An Emphasis on Molecular Mechanisms, Surface Engineering and Size of Sheets
Authors: Tashan Hazhir , Khosravi-Darani Kianoush , Yazdian Fatemeh , Omidi Meisam , Sheikhpour Mojgan , Farahani Masoumeh , Omri Abdelwahab
Published: July 2018

Graphene-based materials with their astonishing properties including exceptional thermal and electrical conductivity, strong mechanical characteristics, as well as antibacterial characteristics have many promising applications in industry and medicine. Graphene-based materials have been utilized in different fields of medicine such as thermal therapy, drug delivery and cancer therapy. In addition, the prevalence of bacterial multidrug resistance has attracted worldwide attention. Therefore, there is a growing tendency to use nanomaterials, especially graphene family to overcome this problem. To date, no specific mechanism for antibacterial activity of graphene-family has been reported. This review briefly discusses the physiochemical properties of graphene nanomaterials with a focus on the different antibacterial mechanisms, surface engineering and nanosheets size to provide a better insight for further research and development.
To Minimize Fault Report and Bug Fixing Time using an Efficient Integration of Instance and Aspect Preferment Algorithm
Authors: Maharasan K.S. , Saravanan V.
Published: July 2018

Background:

Data mining is an emerged and promising technology, and it utilized in
the software engineering development process. It does not only enhance the accurateness, it also
improves the reliability of the software. A software development application error is a fault or bug
in a computer program. It produces wrong or unexpected outcomes. In traditional software development,
faults manually triaged through a specialist developer, i.e., a human being triaged.

Methods:

Manual fault triage takes long time and produce low accuracy for the huge amount of
faults. To resolve above issues, An Efficient Integration of Instance and Aspect Preferment Algorithm
(EIIAPA) is proposed to decrease the scale of fault report data concurrently and to enhance
the accurateness of data.

Results & Conclusion:

The proposed technique helps to validate & verify software application in
effective way. Reduction of data on fault triage aims to construct a high-superiority set of fault data
in the small-scale system through eliminating the fault report. To applying an algorithm, fault
data set and attributes are extracted from every fault data set and train a predictive model based on
the historical dataset. Based on Experimental evaluations, proposed methodology reduces 0.06 ET
(Execution Time), and improves 0.5 P (Precision), 0.75 R (Recall), 0.39 F-M (F-Measure) and
5.07% (accuracy) compared than existing methodologies.
A New Approach of Position Sensorless Control for Brushless DC Motor
Authors: Hemalatha N. , Nageswari S.
Published: July 2018

Background:

Position sensorless control technique for Permanent Magnets-Brush Less
Direct Current (PM-BLDC) motor drive is considered in this paper.

Materials and Methods:

A new estimation based on sensorless technique is proposed for PMBLDC
motor. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is aided for the purpose.

Results:

The inputs to the ANN are the voltages of PM-BLDC motor and it estimates the sample
signals to feed Zero Crossing Point (ZCP) detection circuit. The ZCP detection circuit provides
ZCP signals for commutation logic which gives the commutation sequence to power switches. In
order to provide the correct sample signal to ZCP detection circuit, the ANN is well trained by
Genetic Algorithm (GA). The proposed sensor less control model is implemented in
MATLAB/SIMULINK working platform.

Conclusion:

Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is used to implement the proposed method.
Experimental results verify the analysis and demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method.
A Statistical Tool for Time Synchronization Problem in WSN
Authors: Upadhyay D. , Dubey A.K. , Thilagam P.S.
Published: July 2018

Background:

In recent research, time synchronization has a great importance in the various application of wireless sensor network. Localization, tracking, message passing using contention-based schemes and communication are some of the fields where synchronization between sensor clocks is highly required. Therefore, several algorithms were designed to achieve a rational and reliable frame of time within the wireless sensor network. Patents related to time synchronization in WSN were also analyzed.

Methods:

This paper discusses the powerful statistical tool using maximum probability theory for synchronizing the time within the sensor's clock. In this paper, maximum probability theory is applied to estimate the best value of clock offset between two sensor clocks. The proposed algorithm is analyzed by exchanging timing messages between nodes using two-way message exchange schemes.

Results:

The proposed algorithm is also implemented along with a Time-Sync Protocol for Sensor Network. It reduces error deviation from 2.32 to 0.064 ms as compared with Time-Sync Protocol for Sensor Network without proposed works.

Conclusion:

It was observed that for a small network, proposed work gives better and efficient results with Time-Sync Protocol for Sensor Network.
Preliminary study on the growth mechanism of zircon whiskers prepared via non-hydrolytic sol-gel method combined with carbon black as reducing agent
Authors: Feng Guo , Jiang Feng , Jiang Weihui , Liu Jianmin , Wang Sanhai , Zhang Quan , Miao Lifeng , Wu Qian
Published: July 2018

Zircon whiskers were prepared at 700?C via non-hydrolytic sol-gel method
combined with carbon black as reducing agent, Si(OC2H5)4 (TEOS) and ZrCl4 as
precursors and LiF as mineralizer. The whiskers were characterized and their
growth mechanism was discussed. The results show that the introduction of
carbon black is beneficial for the preferential axial growth of zircon
crystals into whiskers. The diameter and aspect ratio of zircon whiskers are
30-40 nm and 6-15, respectively. The zircon whiskers grow along the [001]
direction, which is c-axis oriented. The growth mechanism is revealed to be
the screw dislocation mechanism with the mass transport mainly from the
zircon crystal particle matrix.
Dilatrometric sintering study and characterization of alumina-nickel composites
Authors: Zygmuntowicz Justyna , Piątek Milena , Miazga Aleksandra , Konopka Katarzyna , Kaszuwara Waldemar
Published: July 2018

Alumina-nickel composite samples (with 0, 10 and 20 vol.% of Ni) are prepared
via slip casting method. Nickel and aluminium oxide powders were used as
precursors and diammonium hydrocitrate and citric acid were used as
dispersants. The obtained materials were analysed by dilatometry, X-ray
diffraction and SEM. The densities were measured by Archimedes method and
the hardness and fracture toughness were determined by using Vickers
hardness tester. Special attention was paid to the linear shrinkage and the
effective coefficient of thermal expansion measurements. The shrinkage
curves were obtained by dilatometry test in a heating mode. It was shown
that the increased amount of Ni particles in Al2O3-Ni composite structure
causes reduction of starting densification temperature, increasing
temperature of maximum densification and decreasing total shrinkage of the
sample during sintering.
TiO2 ceramics prepared using Pechini synthesis and laser sintering
Authors: Oliveira Tiago , Silva Emanuel
Published: July 2018

Nowadays, the laser sintering process has attracted the attention of
researchers owing to advantages such as the possibility of using very high
heating and cooling rates and the possibility of sintering materials with
high melting point. TiO2 ceramics was produced from powders synthesized
using the polymer precursor method. The purpose of this paper was the
sintering of TiO2 samples using an unconventional method with CO2 laser as
the heating source. Techniques such as differential thermal analysis,
thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and
impedance spectroscopy were used for the sample characterizations. The
sintering time was extremely fast, around 3 minutes. Moreover, the samples
showed lower resistivity when compared to those sintered conventionally.
Highly porous hydroxyapatite derived from cuttlefish bone as tio2 catalyst support
Authors: Milovac Dajana , Weigand Ivna , Kovacic Marin , Ivankovic Marica , Ivankovic Hrvoje
Published: July 2018

Highly porous hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HAp) catalyst support was
prepared through hydrothermal transformation of aragonitic cuttlefish bone
(Sepia Officinalis, L., Adriatic Sea) at 200?C, preserving the natural well
interconnected porous structure. To deposit the TiO2 catalyst on the pore
walls of the HAp support two methods were used: i) vacuum impregnation of
the support with the suspension of a commercial TiO2 nanopowder in
isopropanol and ii) in situ synthesis of TiO2 on the support by sol-gel
technique. XRD analysis and FTIR spectroscopy were used to determine the
phase composition of the material. The morphology and microstructure of the
composite samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The
presence of TiO2 particles on the HAp surface was determined by SEM/EDX
analysis. To determine the specific surface area and pore size,
Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method was used. The results of the BET method
showed the increased specific surface area and pore size reduction after
impregnation of TiO2 into the HAp carrier. The photocatalytic activity of
HAp/TiO2 samples was studied in a batch reactor with an annular UV-A lamp
using salicylic acid as a model water pollutant. The results indicated the
suitability of prepared HAp supported TiO2 catalysts for photocatalytic
applications.
Studies of dielectric and electrical transport characteristics of BaTiO3-BiFeO3-CaSnO3 ternary system
Authors: Hajra Sugato , Sahoo Sushrisangita , Mishra Twinkle , Rout Pravat , Choudhary Ram
Published: July 2018

In the present paper, the ternary system 0.90 BaTiO3-0.07 BiFeO3-0.03 CaSnO3
(referred as BTO-BFO-CSO-3) near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) was
synthesized via a cost effective mixed-oxide route and sintered at 1050?C.
Phase composition analysis confirms that the sample crystallizes in
orthorhombic phase with few impurity peaks. Room temperature Raman
spectrumdepicts the phonon peaks characteristic for BTO-BFOCSO-3
structure. Microstructural examination by scanning electron microscope shows
the uniform distribution of grains on the surface of the density sample. The
capacitive and resistive properties at different frequencies and
temperatures were obtained by modulus and impedance spectroscopy. The
non-Debye relaxation mechanism is highlighted by the impedance analysis. The
electrical properties associated with the impedance of the prepared sample
are found to be dependent on temperature and frequency. The transport
properties follow the Arrhenius equation and the activation energy is
calculated for the sample.
LINETGIS analysis of lightning flash density in Serbia based on ten years data
Authors: Javor Vesna , Stoimenov Leonid , Dzakovic Nikola , Dinkic Nikola , Javor Dario , Betz Hans-Dieter
Published: July 2018

Lightning detection networks installed throughout the world provide data for
obtaining flash density maps and information about lightning discharges
characteristics. According to the IEC 62858 Standard, lightning data for at
least ten years is required to ensure that short time scale variations in
lightning parameters are accounted for. LINET (European Lightning Detection
Network) was installed in Serbia in 2008, so its data for the last ten years
period are used for the analysis in this paper. LINETGIS is a new software
application based on geographical information system (GIS) technology in
order to obtain regional flash density maps of Serbia. LINETGIS application
may be used for up-to-date regional flash density maps of Serbia, but also
for any other GIS covered area.
Performance of cooperative multi-hop multiuser relaying networks
Authors: Panajotovic Aleksandra , Sekulovic Nikola , Cvetkovic Aleksandra , Milovic Daniela
Published: July 2018

This paper presents both capacity and error performances of cooperative
multi-hop multiuser relay system. All multi-hop cooperative relays in the
system apply maximal-ratio combining (MRC) scheme, while signal transmission
to end users is carried out using opportunistic scheduling algorithm.
Numerical results for spectral efficiency and average symbol error
probability (ASEP) for considered system are presented and discussed.
The great Project Camelot: Implications and repercussions of a controversy in social sciences
Authors: Bala Marko
Published: July 2018

The paper examines the relationship between social sciences and the
military-industrial complex in the United States of America during the Cold
War era. Based on the review of the most representative texts on this
problematique, the author?s main goal is to prove the plausibility of
critical view according to which the social sciences have been
instrumentalized during the Cold War by centers of power such as CIA and the
Pentagon in order to accomplish certain strategic goals. The main focus of
our interest is Project Camelot, an ambitous research program which was
canceled in the midst of the international scandal which erupted as a
consequence of the exposure of the project?s political nature. The first
part of the paper describes the Camelot controversy and the reaction of
social scientists, as well as the debate on ethical, epistemological,
political and practical implications of social scientific research, which
was triggered by the affair. The second part of the paper describes research
projects whose characterics are similar to those of Project Camelot, and the
author hypostasizes that the controversial project cannot be viewed as an
isolated case, but rather as a paradigmatic example of the Cold War social
science. The text pays special attention to the question of
sponsorship/sources of funding of social research, an issue whose scale and
importance is especially highlighted in the third section of the paper. The
concluding part points on the problem of militarization and
instrumentalisation of social sciences fifty years after Project Camelot,
while the emphasis is put on the necessity of maintaining the memory on the
worst cases of the abuse of behavioral expertise.
Operationalization of the „smart“ city concept on the example of Serbia
Authors: Vasilic Marija
Published: July 2018

The subject of this paper is the operationalization of the concept of ?smart?
city in all dimensions - characteristics (smart people, smart economy, smart
living, smart management, smart mobility and smart environment), on the
example of cities in Serbia. The aim is to explain the use of the concept of
?smart? city for the purpose of ranking of middle-sized cities in Serbia,
modeled by the use of this concept in the ranking of European middle-sized
cities. This goal will be realized by a comparison of indicators used for
ranking cities in Europe and Serbia, as well as a detailed overview of
selected indicators and their use in the ranking of cities in Serbia. One
should bear in mind that the concept of ?smart? city is treated as the ideal
type, in relation to which it should be estimated how and in what way
medium-sized cities in Serbia are far from this ideal type. The contribution
of this paper is twofold - in theoretical terms, within the framework of
sociology, for the first time a discussion on the concept of ?smart? city
opens, and in practical terms, this concept is operationalized for the first
time for the purpose of ranking mediumsized cities in Serbia. In this way
the multidisciplinary concept is being introduced in the domestic sociology
of space and sociology of public policy.
Integrity testing of a smooth surface resin sealant around orthodontic brackets using a new Fluorescence-aided Identification Technique (FIT)
Authors: Meller Christian , Schott Timm
Published: July 2018

Objective:

To investigate the integrity of a fluorescing resin-based sealant placed around orthodontic brackets using the Fluorescence-aided Identification Technique (FIT).

Materials and Methods:

Standard brackets were bonded to the buccal surfaces of 17 extracted sound permanent premolar crowns sealed with ProSeal®. Specimens were thermocycled (20,000 cycles, 5–55°C), and toothbrushing was simulated using an electric toothbrush and artificial aqueous toothpaste slurry. Changes in the sealed area were measured after one, two, three, and four alternating thermocycling-brushing cycles simulating 2 years of wear. Digital images were captured applying FIT (405 nm) using a digital camera–equipped stereomicroscope. ImageJ was used to measure sealant integrity and loss.

Results:

There was a time-dependent decrease in sealed areas by between 21% and 100% (mean 54%). The sealant lost its integrity immediately after the first cycle, and unfilled areas were observed in all samples.

Conclusions:

The analyzed sealant lost its integrity over time. Using the proposed FIT, sealed surfaces were easily verified and quantified.
História, técnica e política: considerações teóricas para um ensino crítico de urbanismo
Authors: Ribeiro Cláudio Rezende
Published: July 2018

O processo tradicional de ensino do urbanismo não incorpora de maneira articulada as condições históricas de reprodução da profissão, mantendo de uma forma de intervir nas cidades que, aparentemente, não constitui as rupturas necessárias para enfrentar problemas tais como a produção de espaços públicos em detrimento da ampliação dos espaços privados das cidades brasileiras. O objetivo do artigo é refletir acerca do entendimento histórico do urbanismo, entendido aqui como técnica, como forma de resgatar elementos de sua constituição na direção da ruptura com o atual modelo de desenvolvimento urbano. A partir de considerações teóricas a respeito da condição histórica de reprodução social do urbanismo aliado a um levantamento de dados a respeito da privatização dos espaços urbanos brasileiros, o artigo apresenta uma reflexão que indica a necessidade de recuperação do caráter político da técnica de organização do espaço a fim de possibilitar novas formas autônomas de produzir cidades.Palavras chave: Urbanismo; história; técnica; ensino; espaço público.
A teoria comportamental na prática fonoaudiológica: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Marconato Eduarda , Santos Flavia Rodrigues , Ferreira Dayse Mayara Oliveira , Nascimento Edinalva Neves
Published: July 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar na literatura brasileira produções científicas com contribuições da teoria comportamental para a atuação fonoaudiológica. Foi realizada revisão de literatura utilizando as bases de dados “Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde” (BVS) e “Scientific Eletronic Library” (SciELO). Os descritores utilizados para a localização dos artigos na língua portuguesa foram “Fonoaudiologia” e “Comportamento”. A análise do artigo foi realizada, inicialmente, por meio da inspeção do título e do resumo. Em seguida, foi realizada a análise detalhada dos trabalhos utilizando-se um “Protocolo de Classificação de Artigos”. Foram identificados 12 trabalhos correlacionando a Fonoaudiologia e a Abordagem Comportamental. Observou-se que houve crescimento das publicações no ano de 2007, porém, em 2008 voltou a cair e a se estabilizar nos próximos quatro anos. Em 2013 esta produção voltou a crescer acentuadamente. Dentre todas as especialidades da Fonoaudiologia, identificou-se a Linguagem como a predominante, seguida da Educacional, Audiologia, Voz e Fluência. Concluiu-se que a teoria comportamental está presente nas práticas fonoaudiológicas, sendo necessários novos estudos que investiguem as produções internacionais.
Efeitos da estimulação de habilidades em consciência fonológica na reorganização do sistema fonológico: relato de caso
Authors: Dias Roberta Freitas , Mezzomo Carolina Lisboa
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo apresentar e analisar os efeitos da estimulação da consciência fonológica na terapia dos desvios fonológicos, comparando três abordagens terapêuticas diferentes. Métodos: Participaram sete sujeitos, com 6 anos de idade, em média, com diagnóstico de desvio fonológico, divididos em três grupos, conforme a abordagem terapêutica recebida: terapia puramente fonológica, terapia com base na estimulação de habilidades em consciência fonológica e terapia fonológica associada à estimulação de habilidades em consciência fonológica. Eles foram avaliados, pré e pós-terapia, em relação ao inventário fonético, sistema fonológico, gravidade do desvio fonológico e desempenho em consciência fonológica. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados de maneira descritiva. Resultados: Constatou-se que todos os sujeitos, exceto o S7, reorganizaram seus sistemas fonológicos. Todos os sujeitos melhoraram seus escores nas tarefas silábicas, fonêmicas e no total de acertos (silábicas e fonêmicas). Os sujeitos que receberam terapia envolvendo a estimulação de habilidades em consciência fonológica, associada ou não à terapia fonológica, foram os que obtiveram maiores pontuações em consciência fonológica no pós-terapia. Conclusão: As abordagens terapêuticas apresentadas e analisadas neste estudo propiciaram a reorganização do sistema fonológico da maioria dos sujeitos tratados. Aquelas que envolveram a estimulação de habilidades em consciência fonológica promoveram um desenvolvimento maior desta habilidade.
Práticas de amamentação entre mulheres trabalhadoras com creche no local de trabalho
Authors: Santos Thais Rosa dos , Sebastião Luciana Tavares , Buccini Gabriela Dos Santos
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: Descrever e analisar as práticas de aleitamento materno exclusivo entre mulheres trabalhadoras com creche no local de trabalho. Métodos: O estudo foi realizado em um Centro de Convivência Infantil, vinculado a uma Instituição de Ensino Superior. Para coleta de dados utilizou-se um questionário estruturado. Realizou-se análise múltipla de Cox para determinação dos fatores associados à duração do aleitamento materno exclusivo. Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa 46 mães de crianças com idade média de 2,6 anos. Aproximadamente metade das mães tinham 35 anos ou mais e 73,9% eram profissionais de saúde. A prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo até os seis meses foi 15,2%. Todas as mães tiveram 120 dias de licença maternidade e apenas 10,8% usufruíram o direito de pausas para amamentar. Baixo peso ao nascer, tipo de serviço de saúde em que a criança realizava acompanhamento, idade da mãe e a idade de introdução da mamadeira foram fatores associados à duração do aleitamento materno exclusivo. Conclusão: Apesar da licença de maternidade ter sido gozada de acordo com o previsto em lei, outros direitos trabalhistas para a proteção da amamentação não foram fruídos. Os fatores associados à duração do aleitamento materno exclusivo entre mulheres trabalhadoras com creche no local de trabalho são complexos e vão além do cumprimento de leis trabalhistas.
Sensibilidade e especificidade do V-VST na avaliação clínica de sujeitos com DPOC
Authors: Silva Ana Paula Santos da , Gonçalves Bruna Franciele da Trindade , Prolla Ivo Roberto Dorneles , Mancopes Renata
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: avaliar a sensibilidade e a especificidade do protocolo Volume-Viscosity Swallow Test (V-VST) para detectar a presença de disfagia em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) em relação à videofluoroscopia. Método: estudo transversal, descritivo, analítico, com amostra de conveniência de indivíduos de ambos os sexos, ingressantes no Programa Multiprofissional de Reabilitação Pulmonar. Os participantes realizaram avaliação fonoaudiológica clínica da deglutição através do protocolo V-VST e avaliação instrumental pela videofluoroscopia da deglutição, sendo através dos resultados dessas calculado o valor de sensibilidade e especificidade do V-VST. Resultados: foram avaliados 29 sujeitos com média de idade de 63,9±8,6 anos (intervalo de 40 a 78 anos), a maioria do gênero masculino (51,7%). A avaliação segundo o protocolo V-VST demonstrou que a maioria dos participantes tinha deglutição sem alterações (55,2%). A análise do V-VST apresentou baixa sensibilidade (39,10%) e baixa especificidade (33,30%) em relação à videofluoroscopia com valor preditivo positivo de 69,20%. Conclusão: A aplicação do protocolo V-VST para avaliação clínica da deglutição apresentou baixa sensibilidade e especificidade em relação à videofluoroscopia para identificar a presença de disfagia em sujeitos com DPOC.
Voz do ator: condições ambientais e de organização de trabalho
Authors: Ferraz Pablo Rodrigo Rocha , Ferreira Léslie Piccolotto , Souza Guilherme Zaramella de , Giannini Susana Pimentel Pinto , Martz Maria Laura
Published: July 2018

Introdução: Frequentemente associamos a ocorrência de sintomas vocais a fatores presentes no ambiente ou na organização de trabalho dos diversos profissionais. Objetivo: após a adaptação de instrumento utilizado anteriormente com professores, analisar as condições de ambiente e de organização do trabalho em atores, associadas à referência a sintomas vocais. Método: atores com mínimo de dois anos de vivência teatral responderam questionário com foco nos aspectos do ambiente, organização do trabalho e funcionais da produção vocal. Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva e inferencial (associação entre variáveis - teste do Qui-quadrado; p<0,05). Resultados: 100 atores, sendo 56% do sexo masculino, idade média de 30,8 anos (dp=8,6) e tempo de atuação profissional de 8,9 anos (dp=6,1). 49 sujeitos procuraram atividade complementar que também exigia demanda vocal por não conseguirem se manter financeiramente como ator. O principal sintoma vocal foi o pigarro (68), seguido por garganta seca (54) e voz grossa (45). Observou-se associação estatística significativa entre ritmo de trabalho estressante e o assédio moral com a voz fraca (respectivamente, p=0,030 e p=0,048). Atores que admitem interferência das questões de trabalho em sua saúde apresentaram essa relação como fator protetor para os sintomas tosse com secreção (OR=0,40; p=0,044), garganta seca (OR=0,42; p=0,042) e rouquidão (OR=0,30; p=0,011). Conclusão: poeira e ruído foram os principais fatores ambientais citados e esforço físico intenso e ritmo estressante dentre os relacionados à organização do trabalho. Os sintomas mais referidos foram pigarro, garganta seca, voz grossa e tosse seca, sendo que o pigarro foi diretamente associado ao ruído.
Estudos em saúde auditiva envolvendo educação à distância e presencial
Authors: Piccino Maria Thereza Raab Forastieri , Oliveira Jerusa Roberta Massola de , Correa Camila De Castro , Blasca Wanderléia Quinhoneiro
Published: July 2018

O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi apresentar e analisar os estudos com Educação em Saúde Auditiva utilizando educação presencial e à distância. Para a seleção, foram utilizados os descritores: “Audição” AND “Educação à Distância”; “Audição” AND “Telemedicina”; “Educação em saúde” AND “Audição” AND “Telemedicina” e seus correspondentes em inglês em: PubMed, Bireme, Embase, Web of Science, Scielo e Scopus. Como critérios de inclusão, admitiram artigos em português, inglês ou espanhol com metodologias de ensino presencial ou à distância ou presencial e à distância sobre Educação em Saúde Auditiva. Os critérios de exclusão se referiam às revisões de literatura, e artigos que não apresentaram o foco da proposta. Para a análise, foram considerados os seguintes dados: ano de publicação, periódico científico, objetivo do estudo, métodos e resultados. Foram localizados 626 trabalhos de 1984 a 2015, porém, após os filtros estabelecidos, foram selecionados 12 artigos, dois da Pubmed, quatro originados da Scopus, um da Web of Science, quatro do Scielo e um da Embase, de 2004 a 2014. Este estudo apresentou 12 estudos com a temática Educação em Saúde Auditiva que envolvem educação presencial e à distância com enfoques variados. No geral, observou-se a eficácia em métodos de ensino à distância. Entretanto, ressalta-se a escassez de literatura, sendo que os estudos disponíveis são recentes.
Testing the use of an analytical and mechanistic C3 - biomass accumulation model for precision fertilization
Authors: Hakojärvi Mikko , Hautala Mikko , Alakukku Laura
Published: July 2018

A single and uniform fertilizer application may lead to ineffective crop nutrient uptake and use. In order to enhance nutrient use efficiency the application should be adjusted according to the need of the cultivated crop. This task is challenging because weather is unknown and unpredictable over the upcoming growing season. One solution is site-specific fertilizer application in several separate events throughout the season. Such a precision fertilization method requires information on the current crop state (e.g. the availability of water and nutrients in the soil) and a crop growth model that aims to assess current crop growth and near future needs. A field experiment with varying radiation, precipitation and nutrient conditions was established to test our crop growth model performance. Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was grown using three fertilization rates with three precipitation and two radiation treatments within each fertilization treatment. The observed crop biomass accumulation in the highest fertilization treatment was considered as the highest possible in the prevailing conditions. The simulated (maximal) biomass accumulation was in agreement with the highest observed biomass yield. The results were found promising for further use of the model in crop growth evaluation during the growing season.
Variability of total soluble phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in a collection of tetraploid wheat
Authors: Pasqualone Antonella , Delvecchio Laura Nunzia , Mangini Giacomo , Taranto Francesca , Blanco Antonio
Published: July 2018

The total soluble phenolic compounds (TSPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) of 113 tetraploid wheat samples including cultivars, landraces, and wild accessions of different Triticum turgidum subspecies, were assessed to point out potential sources for cereal-based functional foods. TSPC ranged from 1.28 to 3.15 mg g-1 as ferulic acid equivalents and AA, assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity test, ranged from 47.5% to 81.7%. Among cultivars of ssp. durum, the highest levels were observed in ‘Timilia’ and ‘Svevo’, while the ssp. dicoccoides showed the highest TSPC and AA among the accessions. The principal component analysis of data discriminated cultivars from wild accessions, and PC1 explained about 62% of variability. The TSPC were negatively correlated with thousand-kernel weight and grain yield per spike, while were positively correlated with AA, grain protein content, polyphenol oxidase activity, and brown index of whole meal and dough. The cultivar ‘Langdon’ coupled high TSPC and low brownness.
Fertilization effects of organic waste resources and bottom wood ash: results from a pot experiment
Authors: Brod Eva , Haraldsen Trond Knapp , Breland Tor Arvid
Published: July 2018

We conducted a pot experiment to study the fertilization effects of four N- and P-rich organic waste resources alone and in combination with K-rich bottom wood ash at two application rates (150 kg N ha–1 + 120 kg K ha–1, 300 kg N ha-1 + 240 kg K ha–1). Plant-available N was the growth-limiting factor. 48–73% of N applied with meat and bone meal (MBM) and composted fish sludge (CFS) was taken up in aboveground biomass, resulting in mineral fertilizer equivalents (MFE%) of 53–81% for N uptake and 61–104% for yield. MFE% of MBM and CFS decreased for increasing application rates. Two industrial composts had weak N fertilization effects and are to be considered soil conditioners rather than fertilizers. Possible P and K fertilization effects of waste resources were masked by the soil’s ability to supply plant-available P and K, but effects on plant-available P and K contents in soil suggest that the waste resources may have positive effects under more nutrient-deficient conditions.
Influence of soil type on half-highbush blueberry productivity
Authors: Tasa Tea , Starast Marge , Vool Ele , Moor Ulvi , Karp Kadri
Published: July 2018

The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of mineral and peat soil condition on the growth, yield and nutrient uptake of some half-highbush blueberry cultivars. The peat soil experimental site was located in a harvested (milled) peat field. Four half-highbush blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) cultivars (five- and six-year-old plants) were used in the experiment: ‘Aino’, ‘Alvar’, ‘Arne’, and ‘Northblue’. Environmental conditions exercised a considerable influence on biological processes of half-highbush blueberry, at the same time, a genotype-based variation was observed. Cultivar ‘Northblue’ had a higher yield in mineral soil and ‘Aino’ had the highest yield in peat soil considering the average of two years. The peat soil condition in the harvested peat field provided a better supply of nutrients for blueberry bushes compared to mineral soil and this, in its turn, secured better growth and a higher yield of blueberry bushes.
Protein crop production at the northern margin of farming: to boost or not to boost
Authors: Peltonen-Sainio Pirjo , Niemi Jarkko K.
Published: July 2018

Global changes in food demand resulting from population growth and more meat-intensive diets require an increase in global protein crop production, not least as climate change and increasing scarcity of fresh water could restrict future production. In contrast to many other regions, in Finland climate change could open new opportunities through enabling more diverse cropping systems. It is justified to re-enquire whether the extent and intensity of protein crop production are optimized, resources are used efficiently and sustainably, cropping systems are built to be resilient and whether ecological services that protein crops provide are utilized appropriately. This paper aims to analyze in a descriptive manner the biological grounds for sustainable intensification of protein crop production in Finland. Production security is considered by evaluating the effects of and likelihood for constraints typical for northern conditions, examining historical and recent crop failures and estimating ecosystem services that more extensive introduction of protein crops potentially provide for northern cropping systems now and in a changing climate. There is an evident potential to expand protein crop production sustainably to a couple of times its current area. In general, variability in protein yields tends to be higher for protein crops than spring cereals. Nevertheless, protein yield variability was not necessarily systematically higher for Finland, when compared with other European regions, as it was for cereals. Protein crops provide significant ecological services that further support their expanded production. By this means protein self-sufficiency remains unrealistic, but increased production of protein crops can be achieved. The expansion of rapeseed and legumes areas also seems to be economically feasible. From the economic viewpoint, an increase in domestic protein supply requires that farmers have economic incentives to a) cultivate protein-rich crops instead of cereals, and b) use them as animal feed instead of imported sources of protein. Environmental sustainability is an argument to justify economic support for protein-rich crops and thus increase their cultivation.
Postharvest quality response of broccoli florets to combined application of 1-methylcyclopropene and modified atmosphere packaging
Authors: Sabir Ferhan K.
Published: July 2018

Broccoli is rich in health-promoting compounds such as ascorbic acid and glucosinolates. However, amount of such compounds inevitably decrease along with the storage. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) treatments alone or in combination on postharvest life and quality of broccoli heads during cold storage. MAP and 1-MCP+MAP significantly reduced weight loss, delayed surface color changes and chlorophyll breakdown, maintained visual quality, ascorbic acid, total phenol, soluble solid contents and titratable acidity compared with control as well as 1-MCP treatment. In 1-MCP plus MAP treated florets, approximate 47% and more chlorophyll and 24% more total phenol contents were found compared to control florets. 1-MCP plus MAP application better performed in maintaining the quality of broccoli florets during 28-day-storage. Overall results revealed that combined treatment can be recommended for commercial broccoli storage at 0 °C.
Effect of breed on production, carcass traits and meat quality of Aberdeen Angus, Limousin and Aberdeen Angus×Limousin bulls offered a grass silage-grain-based diet
Authors: Pesonen Maiju , Honkavaara Markku , Huuskonen Arto Kalevi
Published: July 2018

The objective of the experiment was to study the performance, carcass traits and meat quality of purebred Aberdeen Angus (Ab) and Limousin (Li) bulls and Ab×Li crossbred bulls offered grass silage-grain-based rations and raised to heavy carcass weights. The experiment included eight bulls in all breed groups. The average slaughter age for all breeds was 540 days and the mean carcass weights for the Ab, Ab×Li and Li bulls were 391, 399 and 439 kg, respectively. Significant breed differences in carcass traits and meat quality were observed. The Limousin bulls tended to achieve a higher conformation score, produced less fat and had a higher percentage of valuable cuts compared with the Aberdeen Angus bulls. The crossbred Ab×Li bulls produced better conformed carcasses and a higher share of the rounds compared to the pure Ab bulls which indicate that this type of crossbreeding can enhance beef production under the studied conditions.
Comparison of methods for determining the density of grass silage
Authors: Latsch Roy , Sauter Joachim
Published: July 2018

In practice the only way to determine the bulk density of grass silage is to measure and weigh silage blocks. This study was carried out to compare this variant with four other measuring methods. "Big blocks" are inherently relatively heterogeneous and hence cannot be used for the fast, precise determination of density. "Small blocks" represent density well, but their handling makes them unsuitable for quick sampling. The three measuring methods - " drilling jig", "inclined drilling cylinder" and "vertical drilling cylinder" - gave comparable results. The "inclined drilling cylinder" was identified as the preferred variant on the basis of results and manageability.
Yrjö Armas Hukkinen
Authors: Kanervo Veikko
Published: July 2018

Muistosanat, jotka tri Veikko Kanervo esitti Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran kokouksessa huhtikuun 23 päivänä 1947.
Cytogenetic studies on two rubus arcticus-hybrids
Authors: Vaarama Antero
Published: July 2018

The subject of the study has been the F1- and F2-generations of an artificial diploid Ruhus idaeus x arcticus hybrid and the regeneration of a spontaneous triploid R. saxatilis x arcticus hybrid. In these the meiosis in the PMC has been studied. In the F2-generation of the former hybrid observations on the inheritance of a number of species characters have been made. The meiosis of the F1-generation in R. idaeus x arcticus is regular. In 83.4 % of the divisions chromosome pairing is complete and 7 bivalents are formed. In 10.6 % of the cells 6 bivalents and 2 univalents are observed. In 6.0 % of the cells the division of one bivalent was irregular. In the meiotic divisions of the F2-generation no disturbances were observed. In the meiosis of R. saxatilis x arcticus varying numbers of univalents, bivalents and trivalents are seen. The trivalents sometimes form inversion bridges and are delayed in their division. Some chromosomes are consequently eliminated and the chromosomes are divided unequally between the poles. The second division is more regular; sometimes, however, a few chromosomes are eliminated. The F1-generation of R. idaeus x arcticus now studied is very sterile. In part this sterility depends on chromosomal irregularities. Mainly, however, it is caused by the fact that the anthers and the pollen suffer from drought during the summer and consequently no fertilization can take place. In autumn when the humidity of the air becomes higher, some fruit formation takes place. This sterility is here called seasonal sterility and it is thought to depend on an unfavourable gene combination formed by the idaeus and arcticus chromosome complements. In the F2- generation fertility is restored owing to the breakdown of this combination. R. saxatilis X arcticus is completely sterile owing to irregular meiosis. In the F2generation of R. idaeus x arcticus a strong segregation of the species characters takes place. The observations indicate that the two species have a number of allelomorphs in common. It is assumed that the inheritance of some characters is connected with the action of several modifier genes. It has been established that R. arcticus belonging to the Cylactis section of the genus Rubus and R. idaeus belonging to the Idaeobatus section have been derived from common ancestral forms at some time before the pleistocene period. The differentiation has probably been caused by a gene or chromosome mutation leading to seasonal sterility. Speciation has then continued mainly through gene mutations. Rearrangements in chromosome structure have been so small that the ability of the chromosomes to conjugate has not been changed.
Overwintering of gramineae-plants and parasitic fungi: I. sclerotinia borealis Bubäk & Vleugel.
Authors: Jamalainen E. A.
Published: July 2018

In the middle and northern parts of Sweden and Finland Gramineae-planti are infected by a fungus of Sclerotinia-genus which causes injury during the overwintering of the plants. Vleugel in Sweden described the fungus with the name Sclerotinia borealis Bubåk and Vleugel in 1917. In Sweden S. borealis has been met in several years causing injury to winter rye, timothy, cocksfoot and other field grasses. It occurs commonly in Norrland, especially in the country Norrbotten. The southern limit of its spreading area in Sweden is in latitude about 61° N. In Finland S. borealis is met in the middle and northern parts of the country. On the basis of the information hitherto the fungus is more or less general in the years favourable to its occurrence in the provinces of Lapland, Oulu, Kuopio and Mikkeli. When occurring more abundantly as happened during the overwintering 1945—46, S. borealis is in these regions one cause for the poor overwintering of winter rye, timothy and other grasses. The climatical conditions prevailing during autumn, winter and spring are of decisive bearing for the spreading of S. borealis as well as for its abundant occurrence in certain years. The development of the apothecia of the fungus and the spreading of the ascospores is evidently favoured by long, rainy autumn, the damages are promoted by low freezing of the soil and thick cover of snow in the winter as well as by slow melting of snow in the spring. Of the occurrence of S. borealis in different Gramineae-plants, see p. 133—134. Different varieties of winter cereals and species and strains of grasses vary greatly in resistance to S. borealis. It has been observed that, of the varieties of winter rye, especially the Finnish ones resist the disease caused by the fungus very well. Of field grasses, Phleum pratense, Dactylis glomerata, Lolhim perenne, Poa serotina, and P. trivialis are susceptible to S. borealis. Some strains of these species, however, are extremely well resistant to the fungus. The strains of the grasses and varieties of winter rye grown in the north are generally more resistant to the damages by the fungus. In developing new varieties of winter cereals and strains of field grasses for the northern conditions these facts must be duly considered and for the breeding work such material should be selected which has grown in the district where the fungus occurs. Obviously the damages caused by the fungus are less when the plants receive plenty of nutrients, especially phosphates whereby they become stronger to resist infections.
The effect of 2,4-D and 2M-4K on some oil flax varieties grown under different environmental conditions
Authors: Paatela Juhani , Dunham R. S.
Published: July 2018

Some results of a preliminary test conducted at University Farm, St. Paul Minnesota have been given. The following conclusions have been made: 1. Flax plants that had grown slowly both before and after spraying and those that had grown slowly up to the time of spraying did not show as distinct stem bending or as great reduction in height as did those which grew rapidly before spraying. 2. Varietal differences in the response to methoxone and 2,4-D were apparent between Redwing, Dakota, and Minerva. Redwing was most tolerant with Dakota and Minerva more susceptible. 3. The effect of spraying oil flax with methoxone was not as severe as with 2,4-D when measured by the amount and degree of stem curvature and the reduction in height. Equivalent amounts of the effective substance in each herbicide were used.
Suomalaisen leivän fytiinihappopitoisuudesta
Authors: Kurkela Rakel , Korhonen Eeva , Rossander Marjatta , Roine Paavo
Published: July 2018

Viljatuotteiden sisältämän fytiinihapon hajoamista suomalaisessa leivänvalmistuksessa tutkittiin määrittämällä yhteensä 60 kaupallisen tai itse valmistetun leipänäytteen fytiinihappopitoisuus sekä seuraamalla fytiinihapon hajoamista happamen ruisleivän eri valmistusvaiheissa. Ruisleipien fytiinihappopitoisuus oli yleensä sitä pienempi mitä happamempaa leipä oli. Tutkituissa näytteissä oli vähintään 50 % ja parhaimmillaan jopa 98 % fytiinihaposta hajonnut leivän valmistuksen aikana. Valmiiden leipien fytiinihappofosforin määrä vaihteli välillä 5—151 mg/100 g. Kolmivaiheisessa valmistusmenetelmässä hajoaminen tapahtui tehokkaammin kuin kaksivaiheisessa menetelmässä. Näkkileivissä fytiinihapon hajoamisprosentti oli 10—20 % pienempi kuin happamuudeltaan vastaavissa pehmeissä leivissä. Runsaimmin fytiinihappoa sisältäviksi leipätyypeiksi todettiin graham- ja ohrajauhoista valmistetut hiivaleivät. Niiden valmistuksen aikana jauhojen fytiinihaposta hajoaa keskimäärin vain 25—35 %. Valmiiden leipien keskimääräinen fytiinihappofosforipitoisuus oli 120—170 mg/100 g. Viljatuotteiden kulutus Suomessa nykyään on arvioitu keskimäärin 315 g:ksi henkeä ja päivää kohti, josta määrästä noin 100 g on ruista, 50 g kokojyvävehnää, 125 g valkoista vehnäjauhoa ja loput kauraa ja ohraa (15). Jos oletetaan, että ruis ja vehnä nautitaan leipänä ja muu vilja puuroksi valmistettuna, sisältää suomalainen ruoka edellä esitetyistä tuloksista saatujen keskimääräisten fytiinihappofosforipitoisuuksien mukaan laskettuna päivittäin leivässä n. 155 mg ja puurossa n. 75 mg eli yhteensä n. 230 mg fytiinihappofosforia. Olettaen, että fytiinihappo poistuu suolistosta pentakalsiumfytaattina (6), saostaa tämä fytiinihappomäärä n. 240 mg kalsiumia. Mainitut viljatuotteet itse sisältävät 90 mg kalsiumia (19), joten nautittujen viljatuotteiden voidaan laskea riistävän muun ruoan sisältämästä kalsiumista 150 mg eli määrän, joka sisältyy esim. 125 ml:aan maitoa. Ottaen huomioon, että suomalainen ruokavalio sisältää keskimäärin yli 1300 mg (15) kalsiumia henkeä ja päivää kohti, voidaan fytiinihapon sitomaa kalsiumin määrää pitää varsin pienenä. Näin ollen näyttää viljatuotteiden ruokamme kalsiumtaloutta huonontava vaikutus suhteellisen vähäiseltä.