bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KANDUNGAN FRAKSI SERAT FERMENTASI BATANG PISANG DENGAN PENAMBAHAN INDIGOFERA (Indigofera sp) SEBAGAI PAKAN TERNAK
Authors: Asjanita Laras , Dona Afrini , Elisia Rini
Published: February 2025

Pakan merupakan kebutuhan utama untuk ternak dikarenakan pakan mengandung zat-zat makanan untuk pertumbuhan dan produktivitas ternak itu sendiri. Keberhasilan suatu usaha peternakan tergantung pada pakan yang digunakan dan dimanfaatkan oleh ternak. Variabel terbesar dari total biaya produksi suatu usaha adalah biaya pakan yang dapat mencapai 70-80%. Menghindari biaya yang tinggi maka perlu dimanfaatkan limbah pertanian sebagai pakan ternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan Indigofera terhadap kualitas fraksi serat fermentasi batang pisang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan lima perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan yang diterapkan yaitu: P0= Batang pisang + 0% Indigofera, P1=  Batang pisang + 10% Indigofera, P2=  Batang pisang +  20% Indigofera, P3=  Batang pisang + 30% Indigofera, dan P4=  Batang pisang + 40% Indigofera. Parameter yang diukur yaitu kandungan Neutral Detregent Fiber (NDF), Acid Dteregent Fiber(ADF), dan hemiselulosa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan Indigofera terhadap kandungan NDF, ADF, dan hemiselulosa nyata dalam menurunkan kandungan kadar NDF, ADF, dan hemiselulosa batang pisang fermentasi. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian adalah penambahan Indigofera sebanyak 40 % menghasilkan kualitas fermentasi batang pisang terbaik.
Potential source of bias in AI models: Lactate measurement in the ICU as a template
Authors: Hussein Nebal S. Abu , Pradhan Pratiksha , Haug Fredrik Willumsen , Moukheiber Dana , Moukheiber Lama , Moukheiber Mira , Moukheiber Sulaiman , Weishaupt Luca Leon , Ellen Jacob G. , D’Couto Helen , Williams Ishan C. , Celi Leo Anthony , Matos João , Struja Tristan
Published: February 2025

Objective: Health inequities may be driven by demographics such as sex, language proficiency, and race-ethnicity. These disparities may manifest through likelihood of testing, which in turn can bias artificial intelligence models. The goal of this study is to evaluate variation in serum lactate measurements in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).
Methods: Utilizing MIMIC-IV (2008-2019), we identified adults fulfilling sepsis-3 criteria. Exclusion criteria were ICU stay <1-day, unknown race-ethnicity, <18 years of age, and recurrent stays. Employing targeted maximum likelihood estimation analysis, we assessed the likelihood of a lactate measurement on day 1. For patients with a measurement on day 1, we evaluated the predictors of subsequent readings.
Results: We studied 15,601 patients (19.5% racial-ethnic minority, 42.4% female, and 10.0% limited English proficiency). After adjusting for confounders, Black patients had a slightly higher likelihood of receiving a lactate measurement on day 1 (odds ratio 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-1.34), but not the other minority groups. Subsequent frequency was similar across race-ethnicities, but women had a lower incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.94 (95% CI 0.90-0.98). Interestingly, patients with elective admission and private insurance also had a higher frequency of repeated serum lactate measurements (IRR 1.70, 95% CI 1.61-1.81, and 1.07, 95% CI, 1.02-1.12, respectively).
Conclusion: We found no disparities in the likelihood of a lactate measurement among patients with sepsis across demographics, except for a small increase for Black patients, and a reduced frequency for women. Variation in biomarker monitoring can be a source of data bias when modeling patient outcomes, and thus should be accounted for in every analysis.
Radiolabeled dendrimer non-invasively tracks innate immune activation in multiple sclerosis mice after immunomodulatory therapy
Authors: James Michelle , Kuo Renesmee , Carlson Mackenzie , Reyes Samantha , Nagy Sydney , Kalita Mausam , Alam Israt , Malik Noeen , Jackson Isaac , Acosta Christopher , Falk Irene , Azvedo Carmen , Zhang Yanrong , Nichols Lisa , Beinat Corinne , Avci Naze , Minami S. Sakura , Cleland Jeffrey
Published: February 2025

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease driven by immune cell infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS). Despite the critical role of immune cells in MS initiation and progression, current standard of care imaging techniques rely on structural lesion assessments, often resulting in misdiagnoses and inaccurate disease staging. Here we describe a novel dendrimer positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, 18F-flurimedrimer (18F-FMD), for non-invasive detection and tracking of activated myeloid cells–key immune players in MS. Using an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) murine model of MS, we demonstrate the ability of 18F-FMD to specifically detect these cells at both presymptomatic and symptomatic stages, with signal intensity correlating with disease severity. We illustrate that 18F-FMD can also accurately monitor the immunomodulatory effects of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved disease-modifying MS drug fingolimod (FTY720) and a novel CSF1R dendranib (H74DS3M8), both of which reduced immune cell activation and halted disease progression. These findings highlight the potential of 18F-FMD PET for early MS diagnosis and as a generalizable approach for real-time monitoring of therapeutic responses across various mechanisms. Since we have translated 18F-FMD for clinical imaging, it has the potential to revolutionize patient stratification in clinical trials and optimize treatments, making precision medicine a reality for MS patients.
Neighborhood Disadvantage, Peer Acceptance, and Sense of Belonging among Middle School Students
Authors: Duran Naomi S. , Lleras Christy L.
Published: February 2025

Prior studies have demonstrated how living in economically disadvantaged and dangerous neighborhoods is associated with poorer developmental outcomes including depressed academic achievement, poorer physical and mental health, and lower school engagement. At the same time, studies have shown peer acceptance and school belonging are closely connected such that when youth feel more accepted by their classmates, they feel happier and more secure and exhibit greater academic motivation and classroom engagement. Our study builds on these prior bodies of work by examining how neighborhood disadvantage and peer relationships in the classroom influence students’ sense of belonging in middle school. This study utilized data from the last wave of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study – Kindergarten Cohort (1998-1999) when students were in eighth grade combined with tract-level data from the 2000 Census to conduct multilevel regression analyses. The findings suggest youth living in more structurally disadvantaged neighborhoods reported lower school belonging at the end of eighth grade. Consistent with prior studies, we also found youth who felt more accepted by their peers had a greater sense of school belonging, regardless of the kinds of neighborhoods, schools and families they were living in suggesting that peer acceptance may play a powerful role in creating school attachment during adolescence. The demonstrated impact of peer acceptance on school belonging highlights the importance of fostering opportunities for socialization through school-based programs and extracurriculars which may foster greater school attachment and improve educational attainment.
Bioindustrialization by native people: A systemic management approach to foster coevolution
Authors: Miranda Raizza , Schwaninger Markus , Belderrain Mischel Carmen Neyra , Baniwa André , Nobre Carlos , Carvalho Tereza , Ochoa-Arias Alejandro , Sato Renato , Nobre Ismael , Nobre Paulo
Published: February 2025

This article proposes a systemic management model tailored for biofactories operating within the Amazon rainforest. The model aims to empower indigenous populations by enhancing their control over local development and a sustainable innovation ecosystem. Leveraging the Model of Systemic Control and the Viable System Model, we employed a qualitative methodology based on interviews with key stakeholders, including Indigenous leaders and community representatives, to incorporate local perspectives and values into the proposed redesign. Our analysis of management structures in community-based social enterprises guided the redesign, grounded in the principles of organizational cybernetics. The study was conducted at the Amazon Creative Lab (ACL), a biofactory situated within the Amazon rainforest that serves as a platform for innovative experimentation and capacity building, showcasing the potential of the forest and local communities. By prioritizing cultural appreciation and addressing exclusionary and colonialist practices, the ACL highlights the importance of integrating cultural values and respecting local traditions. The proposed management model enhances organizational self-determination while balancing the interaction between traditional communities and Western perspectives, reinforcing the role of community organizations within their territories.
Revitalizing Tourism in Crisis: The Significance of Domestic Tourism in COVID-19 Recovery and Policy Initiatives in Top Tourist Destinations of the Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Tegegne Asnakew Atlug , Tadesse Girum Teshome , Melsi Temesgen Fikadie
Published: February 2025

In time of COVID-19 and other crisis, the focus of the tourism industry is to devise and implement strategies for its recovery. This study examined the role of domestic tourism in recuperating from the pandemic, policy initiatives, recovery strategies, and challenges in top tourist destinations in the Amhara Region. The research employed a mixed method approach with a descriptive design, and 384 questionnaires were distributed to respondents selected through convenience sampling, while 15 key informants were purposefully interviewed. The findings revealed that domestic tourism played a significant role in mitigating the impact of the pandemic and building resilient tourism businesses. It was found to be an "incredible crisis absorber" and crucial for rebuilding customer confidence. The study also showed that most features of domestic tourism, such as pilgrimage travel, proximity and ease of access, visiting families and relatives, and the use of road transportation and less standardized hotels, played a significant role in revitalizing the tourism sector. As various policies and recovery strategies have been implemented by governments worldwide, the Amhara Region's Culture and Tourism Bureau developed a two-phase COVID recovery strategy (response and recovery phases) aimed at protecting and supporting tourism activities. Conversely, high costs at destinations, the lack of comprehensive domestic tourism development and marketing strategy, poor infrastructural development, and a mismatch between the services offered and the demands of tourists were found to be major hindrances to the growth of domestic tourism in the region.
Investment Strategies and Corporate Risk-Taking: A BRICS Market Perspective
Authors: Bagh Tanveer , Naseer Mirza Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Asif
Published: February 2025

Corporate governance literature extensively explores the determinants of corporate risk-taking, however consensus on the key motivating factors remains elusive. Addressing this gap, we examine the role of investment efficiency, financial flexibility, and investment scale as drivers of corporate risk-taking in emerging markets, offering insights to help firms make informed high-stakes investment decisions. Using a sample of 4,889 listed firms from BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa), we analyze three distinct periods: (a) the full sample, (b) the pre-COVID period, and (c) the COVID period. Applying static and dynamic panel estimation techniques, our generalized method of moments, results confirm that financial flexibility, investment efficiency, and investment scale significantly and positively influence corporate risk-taking across all three periods. Furthermore, quantile regression results highlight that these factors exert a stronger influence in the upper and median quantiles of risk-taking. These findings suggest that investment efficiency, financial flexibility, and investment scale serve as enablers that empower firms to undertake calculated risks, seize growth opportunities, and strengthen their market positioning. Robustness checks affirm the stability of our results, and we conclude with key policy implications.
Link between Adenomyosis and Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Sözen Işık , Şahin Gözde , Yassa Mahmut
Published: February 2025

Purpose
Adenomyosis is a noncancerous condition where endometrial tissue is found within the myometrium. Prior uterine surgery, parity, and estrogen exposure are known risk factors. Evidence suggests a connection between adenomyosis and endometrial cancer. This study aimed to examine the association of adenomyosis with endometrial cancer to assess adenomyosis' role as a risk factor for endometrial cancer.
Methods
This study included 189 patients (aged 18–80) diagnosed with endometrial cancer and who underwent surgery at Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital between May 2020 and August 2022.
Results
Out of the total, 131 cases (69.3%) were diagnosed with adenomyosis, while 58 cases (30.7%) were not. There was no link found between adenomyosis and age (p = 0.17), menopausal status (p = 0.58), parity (p = 0.18), or type of delivery (p = 0.66) and CA-125 level (p = 0.9). BMI showed statistical significance in endometrial cancer patients who also had adenomyosis (p = 0.01)
Conclusion
Endometrial cancer co-occurrence with adenomyosis was linked solely to BMI, not other factors. Findings suggest adenomyosis is not a risk factor for, nor protective against, endometrial cancer.
Multi-Channel Heat Pipe: Experimental Investigation, CFD Analysis, and Theoretical Modeling of Two-Phase Heat Transfer
Authors: Yerne Yogita
Published: February 2025

This is the study of an innovative application of multi-channel heat pipe use for harnessing and reusing wasted heat from engine exhaust. To unravel the intricacies of two-phase heat transfer involving boiling and condensation within multi-channel heat pipes, a distinctive multichannel heat pipe was designed and constructed. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and theoretical models for the multi-channel heat pipe were developed for a comprehensive understanding. The simulation of multichannel heat pipe operation using ANSYS Fluent employed the Volume of Fluid (VOF) approach and the Lee model. Multiple Lee models, implemented through user-defined functions (UDF), were compared, and the impact of condenser boundary conditions, saturation temperature, and mass transfer coefficient on the simulations was thoroughly examined. This study identifies the significant limitations of the Lee model for heat pipe simulation, exposing its incapability in predicting heat pipe temperatures due to low physical significance and susceptibility to manipulation. A novel theoretical model was formulated for multi-channel heat pipes which were based on experimental data from multichannel heat pipe. This model uses the thermal-electrical resistance analogy to predict the thermal resistance of the multichannel heat pipe. The selection of optimal correlations for pool boiling and film wise condensation, the developed iterative theoretical model achieved 9.2% error in predicting the thermal resistance of multichannel heat pipe. In conclusion, this research sheds light on the intricacies of multi-channel heat pipes and highlights the shortcomings of existing Lee models in simulating heat pipe behavior. The proposed theoretical model, grounded in experimental data, provides a more accurate prediction of thermal resistance, paving the way for improved design and performance of heat pipe applications vapor absorption cooling systems.
MEGB: An R package for Mixed Effect GradientBoosting for High-dimensional Longitudinal Data
Authors: Olaniran Oyebayo Ridwan , Olaniran Saidat Fehintola , Allohibi Jeza , Alharbi Abdulmajeed , Alharbi Nada MohammedSaeed
Published: February 2025

High-dimensional longitudinal data present significant analytical challenges due to intricate within-subject correlations and an overwhelming ratio of predictors to observations. To address these challenges, we introduce Mixed-Effect Gradient Boosting (MEGB), a novel R package that synergizes gradient boosting with mixed-effects modeling to simultaneously account for population-level fixed effects and subject-specific random variability. MEGB provides a unified framework for analyzing repeated measures data that accommodate complex covariance structures while harnessing gradient boosting’s inherent regularization for robust feature selection and prediction. In comprehensive simulations spanning linear and nonlinear data-generating processes, MEGB achieved 35–76% lower mean squared error (MSE) compared to state-of-the-art alternatives like Mixed- Effect Random Forests (MERF) and REEMForest, while maintaining 55–70% true positive rates for variable selection in ultra-high-dimensional regimes (p = 2000). Demonstrating practical utility, we applied MEGB to maternal cell-free plasma RNA data (n = 12 subjects, p = 33,297 transcripts), where it identified 9 key placental transcripts driving fetal RNA dynamics across pregnancy trimesters.
Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of wheat cultivar parameters of the DSSAT model under different water and N treatments
Authors: Gao Shikai , He Pengcheng , Gong xuewen , Li hao , Liu yihao , Wang qian , Fu Yuliang , he aofeng
Published: February 2025

This work aims to quantify the extent to which the cultivar parameters in the DSSAT model affect the simulation output at different water and N application levels. To be specific, the Extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test (EFAST) method is used to analyze the global sensitivity and uncertainty of the cultivar parameters on the physiological indices output from the crop growth model under six different treatments. According to the test results it is a necessity to consider P5 and P1D when the focus is placed on top weight at maturity and dry matter-N fertilizer productivity; G2, G1, and P1D must be taken into account if the focus is placed on yield at harvest maturity and Grain N at maturity; it is crucial to consider P1D and P1V if the emphasis is laid on maximum leaf area index and dry matter-ET productivity. Moreover, uncertainty is introduced to examine the effect of differences among treatments on model simulation. It can be found out that the difference in uncertainty is less significant when the application level is between 200 kg/hm2 and 300 kg/hm2 N under no water stress treatment, as well as between 100 kg/hm2 and 200 kg/hm2 N under water stress treatment. To sum up, this study provides crucial support for the parameterization and popularization of the DSSAT model under different water and N management treatments.
Evaluating vaginal moisture in mice with calibrated filter paper
Authors: Liu Mohan , Charek Joseph G , Kurian Rose , Miguel Rodolfo D Vicetti , Cherpes Thomas L
Published: February 2025

Objective
Loss of ovarian estrogen (E) production in postmenopausal women causes vaginal dryness and irritation. The contraceptive depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) likewise promotes vaginal dryness by suppressing ovulation and reducing E production. While vaginal dryness in women is identified by self-report, mouse models of estrogen loss require methods are developed to objectively measure vaginal moisture.
Methods
Strips of calibrated filter paper, similar to those used to quantify lachrymal secretions, were intravaginally placed in untreated ovary-intact mice, DMPA-treated ovary-intact mice, and ovariectomized (OVX) mice to measure vaginal fluid levels.
Results
Median readings from calibrated filter paper strips from DMPA-treated and OVX mice were significantly lower than the median reading from estrus-stage mice. Levels of circulating estradiol were also significantly lower in DMPA-treated and OVX mice vs. estrus-stage mice.
Conclusions
Calibrated filter paper provides objective measure of vaginal moisture in mice. Current findings also indicate that hypoestrogenemic mice (DMPA-treated or OVX) accurately model the vaginal moisture losses identified in women with lower levels of circulating E.
Divergent host genetic architectures drive breed-specific modulation of the caecal microbiome in chickens
Authors: Dai Xiaoxia , Hinsu Ankit , Dadousis Christos , Hay Melanie , Fosso Bruno , Crotta Matteo , Pandit Ramesh , Guitian Javier , Tomley Fiona , Koringa Prakash , Joshi Chaitanya , Blake Damer P. , Psifidi Androniki
Published: February 2025

Background:
Enteric microbiota are crucial for animal health and performance, but their role is often challenging to determine. Host genetics appear to influence gut microbial communities, even among individuals in similar environments. This study aimed to identify host genetic variation associated with the caecal microbiota in two chicken breeds: the indigenous Indian Kadaknath and commercial Cobb400 broilers. Blood and caecal contents were collected from 300 chickens per breed in Western India. Genotyping was performed using the 600K Affymetrix Axiom HD single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, and caecal microbiota were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A subset of 40 chicken underwent whole genome sequencing for deeper genetic insights. SNP-based heritability estimates and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted separately for both breeds to explore the genetic background of caecal microbial structure (alpha and beta diversity) and the host’s influence on the establishment of different bacterial genera in the caeca, with a focus on potential pathogens.
Results:
The GWAS in Kadaknath chickens identified 108 significant SNPs across 26 Gallus gallus chromosomes (GGC1–GGC23, GGC27, and GGC28), associated with heritable caecal microbial traits, including microbiota structure and the abundance of specific genera. SNP-based heritability estimates ranged from 0.12 to 0.76, with the nearest genes predominantly involved in immune response and cell signaling pathways. In Cobb400 chickens, 71 significant SNPs were identified across 22 chromosomes (GGC1–GGC5, GGC7–GGC11, GGC14, GGC17–GGC22, GGC25–GGC28, and GGCZ), linked to heritable caecal microbial traits with heritability estimates from 0.16 to 0.61. Genes nearest to these SNPs were primarily associated with microbial regulation, growth processes, and adaptation under stress conditions. These findings underscore the role of host genetic variation in shaping caecal microbiota composition and diversity in indigenous and commercial chicken breeds and reveal breed-specific genetic architectures underlying caecal microbiota-related traits.
Conclusion:
This study provides valuable insights into the genetic basis of host-microbiome interactions in chickens, highlighting distinct breed-specific genetic influences on caecal microbiota composition. These findings have the potential to inform future genomic selection strategies aimed at enhancing protective or productive gut microbial populations while reducing reliance on antibiotics in poultry production.
FluxRETAP: A REaction TArget Prioritization Genome-Scale Modeling Technique for Selecting Genetic Targets
Authors: Czajka Jeffrey J. , Kim Joonhoon , Tang Yinjie J. , Pomraning Kyle R. , Mukhopadhyay Aindrila , Martin Hector Garcia
Published: February 2025

Metabolic engineering is evolving rapidly as a result of new advances in synthetic biology and automation, as well as the irruption of machine learning (ML). ML has been shown to provide the predictive power synthetic biology lacked and needed, and to be able to effectively guide the metabolic engineering process. However, current technical limitations prevent the independent application of ML approaches to metabolic engineering without the use of previous biological knowledge in the form of a prioritized list of desirable engineering targets. Here, we present FluxRETAP, a simple and computationally inexpensive method that leverages the prior mechanistic knowledge embedded in genome-scale metabolic models (GSMMs) for suggesting targets for genetic overexpression, downregulation or deletion, with the final goal of increasing the production of a desired metabolite. FluxRETAP captured 100% of reaction targets experimentally verified to improve Escherichia coli isoprenol production in the literature, 50% of targets that experimentally improved taxadiene production in E. coli and ~60% of genetic targets from a verified minimal constrained cut-set in Pseudomonas putida, while providing additional high priority targets that could be tested. Overall, FluxRETAP is an efficient algorithm for identifying a prioritized list of testable genetic and reaction targets which can also be utilized in ML pipelines.
ANALYSE DU FONCTIONNEMENT DE LA COOPERATIVE LAITIERE DE KIRKISSOYEDANS LA COMMUNE URBAINE DE NIAMEY
Authors:   Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger, BP 429, Niamey, Niger., Abdoulaye M. Bahari Amadou , Lawal Abdoul Aziz Maman ,   Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger, BP 429, Niamey, Niger., Ibrahim Djibo ,   Departement dAgriculture en Zone Aride, Universite dAgadez, BP 199, Agadez, Niger.
Published: February 2025

This study focused on the functioning of the Kirkissoye dairy cooperative. It revealed a dysfunction of the cooperative relating to the poor management of the herd. This situation has resulted in the production of small quantities of milk by the cooperatives animals. The low production has influenced the level of income of actors in the dairy sector, from which shepherds are the only ones to benefit. Indeed, the income obtained by the shepherds allows them to cover 61.54% of their needs. As for the breeders (producers), milk production as conducted at the cooperative represents an economic loss for the farmer. The presence of the cooperative has benefited the surrounding population, through the learning of bourgou cultivation techniques, dairy farming techniques, and the improvement of soil fertility (organic manure). The cooperative has also encouraged the emergence of a few dairy input and product shops. In view of the advantages that the cooperative provides, in terms of household food security and job creation, its rehabilitation must be considered. Thus, the resumption of contact with the dairy industries and the improvement of herd management (animal feed) should be explored.
Phenotypic diversity in durum wheat landraces and cultivars from Morocco and North America
Authors: Chegdali Youssef , Ouabbou Hassan , Sahri Ali , Essamadi Abdelkhalid
Published: February 2025

Studying the phenotypic diversity of landraces and older advanced cultivars, along with their distribution, is important for breeding and germplasm conservation. To this sense, we analyzed the phenotypic diversity and spreading of 108 durum wheat accessions, including 56 landraces (LANs), 15 Moroccan cultivars (MCs), and 37 North American cultivars (NACs), using thirteen phenotypic descriptors. The collection studied was phenotypically very diverse (Shannon-Weaver index, H'mean=0.66). Spike color (H'mean=0.95), glume hairiness and spike waxiness (H'mean=0.89), peduncle attitude (H'mean=0.82), awn color (H' mean=0.75), and spike density and grain color (H'mean= 0.73) were the most diverse traits. The results also showed that NACs (H'mean=0.78) and the LANs (H'mean=0.69) were more diverse than MCs (H'mean=0.53). Multiple correspondence analyses explained 19.31% of the total variability and demonstrated a clear distinction between genotypes of Morocco and North America and between the LANs and MCs. These results of phenotypic diversity and distribution of studied genotypes can make a major leap forward in national breeding programs and germplasm collection expeditions.
Prechlorination of algae-laden water: the effects of ammonia on chlorinated disinfection byproduct formation during long-distance transportation
Authors: Jiang Yuancheng , Yu Zhao , Ni Rong , Yu Hongwei , Qi Jing , Li Haiyan , Hu Chengzhi
Published: February 2025

Prechlorination can cause algal cell damage and lead to the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). This study investigates the impact of ammonia (NH4+) concentration on the formation of carbon disinfection byproducts (C-DBPs) and nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs) in algae-laden water during long-distance transportation. It was found that lower chlorine-to-ammonia (Cl2/NH4+) ratios resulted in less algal cell damage and lower DBP levels compared to higher ratios. Surprisingly, after 360 min of transport, C-DBP levels were consistently lower in samples with a Cl2/NH4+ ratio of 1:0 compared to those with a ratio of 1:0.05, despite similar algal cell damage. This difference is attributed to the varying release of algal organic matter (AOM) between the groups, with the 1:0 ratio group releasing more AOM. The presence of NH4+ appears to play a significant role in reducing algal cell damage, influencing AOM release and DBP formation. Dissolved organic carbon, mainly from proteins and polysaccharides, is the primary source of C-DBPs and is absorbed by dead algal cells, indicating a link between algal biomass and DBP formation. Therefore, when using prechlorination for algae-laden water treatment, both chlorine dosage and transport distance should be adjusted based on NH4+ concentration to minimize algal cell damage.
RZYMSKIE KORZENIE CESJI LEGALNEJ JAKO ŚRODKA REGRESU PORęCZYCIELA – OD PRAWA RZYMSKIEGO DO ‘USUS MODERNUS PANDECTARUM’
Authors: Kacprzak Agnieszka
Published: February 2025

Podstawowym środkiem regresu poręczyciela we współczesnych kodyfikacjach europejskich jest cesja legalna, tj. przejście z mocy prawa roszczenia wierzyciela do dłużnika głównego na poręczyciela, który spłacił dług. W kodyfikacji austriackiej i niemieckiej jest to jedyny środek regresu, przysługujący poręczycielowi niezależnie od jakiejkolwiek relacji kontraktowej, łączącej go z dłużnikiem, podczas gdy kodeks francuski przyznał mu instrument alternatywny, jakim jest samoistne roszczenie do dłużnika o zwrot kosztów. Autorzy kodeksu francuskiego, jak postaram się pokazać, oparli ten środek regresu na modelu rzymskich skarg ze zlecenia oraz z prowadzenia cudzych spraw bez zlecenia. Jest on w pełni zgodny z rzymską konstrukcją poręczenia jako zobowiązania do zapłaty długu cudzego, tj. ciążącego na dłużniku głównym. Cesja legalna wykształciła się natomiast dopiero w doktrynie osiemnastowiecznej, jako ostatni etap rozwoju, w którym przyznano poręczycielowi możliwość nabycia od wierzyciela w drodze czynności prawnej roszczeń do dłużnika głównego i to już po spłacie należności. Możliwość ta była trudna do pogodzenia z zasadą, że spłata długu nawet przez osobę trzecią prowadzi do wygaśnięcia wierzytelności, przy jednoczesnym założeniu, że poręczyciel spłaca dług obciążający dłużnika głównego. W artykule przedstawiam historię wysiłków podejmowanych przez jurystów od czasów rzymskich, przez średniowiecze, po usus modernus pandectarum, zmierzających do przezwyciężenia tych trudności. Do XVIII w. proponowane przez prawników strategie polegały na obejściu tej ostatniej zasady, podczas gdy doktryna kodyfikacyjna, zwłaszcza francuska i niemiecka, zdecydowała się na przełamanie tej pierwszej. W nauce austriackiej przyjęła się natomiast opinia, że poręczyciel spłaca dług materialnie cudzy, lecz formalnie własny, a tym samym pozostawia w mocy wierzytelność główną.
ZAGROŻENIE JAKO ANTONIM BEZPIECZEŃSTWA. WYBRANE ZAGADNIENIA NA TLE ROZWAŻAŃ DOKTRYNALNYCH I REGULACJI KONSTYTUCJI RP
Authors: Żelasko-Makowska Ewelina , Sołtysiak Patrycja
Published: February 2025

Istota zagrożenia jest przeciwieństwem bezpieczeństwa, stanu bycia w „strefie komfortu”, spokoju, pewności, stabilności. Poczucie bezpieczeństwa jest jedną z fundamentalnych wartości w życiu społecznym. Z kolei jeśli wartości zasadnicze, nadrzędne, a jednocześnie podstawowe dla społeczeństwa, tj. zdrowie, życie, prozdrowotny styl życia, środowisko, ogólny dobrostan będą niewłaściwie chronione – zabezpieczone, mogą w konsekwencji przekształcić się w realne zagrożenia indywidualne i zbiorowe. Wszelkie czynności podejmowane w celu przeciwdziałania współczesnym zagrożeniom społecznym kształtują istotę bezpieczeństwa. Jednostka, człowiek, obywatel indywidualnie weryfikuje stan bezpieczeństwa bądź też jego zagrożenie czy brak. Typologia globalnych zagrożeń z pewnością stanowi katalog otwarty, do którego możemy zaliczyć między innymi zagrożenia żywiołowe sił natury, powodujące klęski żywiołowe, epidemię, pandemię chorób zakaźnych ludzi i zwierząt, awarie techniczne związane z infrastrukturą stworzoną przez człowieka, konﬂikty społeczne – wewnętrzne i zewnętrzne prowadzące do wojen, terroryzmu, przestępczości, szeroko pojętej biedy i bezrobocia. In genere niebezpieczne sytuacje dla społeczeństwa – ludzkości i środowiska inicjowane są poprzez działania sił natury lub wynikają z działalności człowieka.
W doktrynie można odnaleźć bardzo szeroką typologię zagrożeń. Uzasadnieniem tak wieloznacznego postrzegania niniejszego pojęcia jest subiektywizm postrzegania zarówno bezpieczeństwa, jak i wielu zagrożeń, które powodują zachwianie lub brak poczucia bezpieczeństwa. W postrzeganiu zagrożeń poza subiektywnym odbiorem otaczającego nas świata istotny jest obiektywizm poparty wiedzą, doświadczeniem, wykorzystaniem odpowiednich metod badawczych, jak również otwartością na to co innowacyjne, nieznane. Istotne jest spojrzenie wielowymiarowe i otwarte, ponieważ lęk przed nieznanym, nowym, niepewnym, często trudnym może w rezultacie przynieść i często przynosi pozytywny wynik końcowy w różnej postaci, który jednak zapewnia przetrwanie i rozwój w wielu aspektach życia społecznego.
Historia cywilizacji pokazuje, że zagrożenia różnego typu są w znacznej mierze wynikiem destrukcyjnej działalności człowieka, dlatego też niezbędna jest współpraca instytucji międzynarodowych, państwowych, rządowych, pozarządowych ukierunkowana na działania mające na celu doskonalenie mechanizmów mających chronić interes – dobro indywidualne i zbiorowe przed współczesnymi, coraz bardziej złożonymi zagrożeniami.
Podjęte w tekście rozważania są tylko fragmentem złożonej tematyki zagrożeń, mogą jednak przyczynić się do dyskusji nad dalszym procesem poznawczym w obszarze bezpieczeństwa społecznego w celu identyfikowania nie tylko znanych zagrożeń, lecz także tych dopiero co powstających.
Marrons: Een onbekende Nederlandse geschiedenis
Authors: Van Stipriaan Alex
Published: February 2025

Nederland heeft een lange slavernijgeschiedenis. Onderdeel daarvan is de geschiedenis van marrons en marronage in Suriname, Guyana en de Cariben. Met name in Suriname is de vlucht uit de slavernij en strijd tegen de koloniale plantages heel belangrijk geweest, maar als onderdeel van de Nederlandse geschiedenis nauwelijks bekend.
Herinneringscultuur en monumenten: Een interview met Peggy Wijntuin
Authors: Wijntuin Peggy
Published: February 2025

Dit interview, een gesprek tussen Peggy Wijntuin en onze redacteur Wick Lammers, heeft plaatsgevonden op 12 juli 2023. Tijdens het plaatsnemen van het interview is mevrouw Wijntuin actief als adviseur aan de gemeente Groningen omtrent het komende Slavernijmonument Groningen. De datum betekent echter ook dat er, op het moment van afname, nog geen definitieve uitspraak is gepubliceerd door de gemeenteraad en haar adviescommissie omtrent het Slavernijmonument. De adviescommissie neemt het advies van mevrouw Wijntuin mee in haar overweging, maar zal uiteindelijk zelf een besluit nemen. Meest recent is er door de gemeente gekozen om voor twee monumenten te kiezen in plaats van één, om zo de nazaten van zowel het trans-Atlantische (West Indische Compagnie), als het Aziatische (Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie) slavernijverleden van de stad herdenken.
"The Male Protector is the Patronising Woman": The Discussion of lntersecting Forms of Oppression in the Dutch Black Women's Magazine Umoja, 1985-1986
Authors: Venema Nina
Published: February 2025

“The existence of black women is denied, at least it is not seen and not heard,” stated Julia da Lima during the 1983 Winteruniversiteit Vrouwenstudies in Nijmegen, the Netherlands. The Winteruniversiteit Vrouwenstudies was essentially a gathering of mostly highly educated women who participated in lectures and seminars covering various subjects. Together with Ans Sarianamual and Thelma Ravell, da Lima protested the whiteness of the gathering's programme by giving a speech that is often seen as the climax of the discussions about (anti-)racism that flared up in the Dutch feminist movement in the 1980s. At the same time, the speech can be seen as a catalyst for the emergence of Black women’s organisations such as the Black women’s magazine Umoja.
Class, Ideology and Consciousness: Revisiting Dickens’ Great Expectations and Mahfouz’s The Cairo Trilogy from a Marxist Perspective
Authors: Bill Ayoub Abdullah Saleh , AlNajjar Dr. Anees Mohammed Ahmed
Published: February 2025

This study explores the interplay between class, ideology and consciousness within the socio-political contexts of 19th-century England and 20th-century Egypt in Dickens' Great Expectations and Mahfouz's The Cairo Trilogy respectively from a Marxist perspective. It attempts to provide answers to these objectives: 1) analyze the socio-political and economic contexts of 19th-century England and 20th-century Egypt; 2) examine the ways in which class, ideology and consciousness are represented in the novels, particularly through the experiences of the protagonists; 3) explore the literary techniques used by Dickens and Mahfouz to critique the dominant power structures and social injustice; 4) assess the enduring relevance of the novels' social and political messages to contemporary society. Marxist literary theory is utilized to explore the themes of class, ideology and consciousness within the socio-political contexts of 19th-century England and 20th-century Egypt in the selected novels. The study concludes that both novels critique social hierarchies, capitalist and colonial ideologies and perpetuate the characters' consciousness and unconsciousness. The protagonists, Pip in Great Expectations and Kamal in The Cairo Trilogy, navigate between self-discovery, love and social expectations. They face moral dilemmas and highlight conflicts between personal values and societal norms, making the novels emblematic of the exploration of universal messages that remain relevant to contemporary society.
Interrogating Identity in Benaziza’s The Splendid Life of a Frequent Traveller
Authors: Toumi Rachid
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the theme of identity in Lahsen Benaziza’s debut novel, titled The Splendid Life of a Frequent Traveller. It uses postcolonialism as a reading strategy to focus on the novel’s dramatization of the legacy of the colonialist encounter and the impact of discrimination on subjectivity-formation in a historical context still burdened by the colonial past. It explores the compelling ways in which this piece of postcolonial writing reconstructs personal identity and achieves narrative authority in a hybrid text narrated from the point of view of the marginalized Other. In its appreciation of the novel’s filtration of cultural narrative through the medium of expatriation, the paper refers to the works of Ernest Hemingway, James Baldwin, and Tayeb Salih to bring into view how Lahsen Benaziza shares with these classic writers the artistic sensibility that uses exilic space as a paradigm for personal experience and as a laboratory for intellectual action.
Los perjuicios inmateriales como consecuencia del incumplimiento contractual: estudio del caso colombiano
Authors: Berbessi Fernández Diego Alexander , Marín Jiménez Jonathan David
Published: February 2025

Los perjuicios inmateriales derivados del incumplimiento contractual son una materia, que por la renuencia histórica que hubo para abrir paso a su reconocimiento y la excepcionalidad de casos en los que se pretendían, no ha tenido un gran desarrollo doctrinal ni jurisprudencial. Este estudio, con el objetivo de aportar a un mejor entendimiento de este tema que cada vez toma más protagonismo en la práctica jurídica, hace un análisis histórico de los denominados perjuicios inmateriales contractuales, así como aporta una visión actualizada de los mismos bajo las categorías de perjuicios inmateriales reconocidas por la jurisprudencia actual de la Corte Suprema de Justicia y del Consejo de Estado colombianos. De la misma manera, hace un estudio del comportamiento de estos a partir de las diferentes vicisitudes que se pueden presentar en la práctica contractual privada y estatal.
El Estado moderno de derecho y su influencia en la tensión entre las actividades de creación y aplicación del derecho
Authors: Matamala Camila
Published: February 2025

El presente trabajo propone la existencia de una tensión no explicitada entre las actividades de crear y aplicar derecho, que sería propia del Estado de derecho moderno. Con base en ello, y a partir de un análisis histórico conceptual, se reconstruye el surgimiento de algunos ideales que enfrentan los conceptos de creación y aplicación del derecho, proponiéndose que el gran detonante de la problemática zona de penumbra que existe en la cultura jurídica actual es el cambio en la concepción de soberanía que comienza con Jean Bodin, que conllevó, a su vez, un cambio en la noción del origen del derecho. La importancia de estudiar esta tensión está dada por el hecho de que tiene implicancias directas en la noción que tenemos de derecho y la función mínima de este como guía de conducta para sus destinatarios. Postulo que esta tensión genera una zona de penumbra entre creación y aplicación del derecho, donde hay casos en que no está claro qué actividad se está ejerciendo. Se realiza una caracterización del surgimiento del Estado de derecho moderno a partir de la aparición de la soberanía, y los cambios en la concepción de esta, mediante el análisis de los fenómenos de la separación de poderes, el constitucionalismo y la codificación, para centrarse, por último, en cómo estos elementos impactan en las nociones de creación y aplicación del derecho.
Evolución de la gobernanza de la educación superior: un análisis comparativo de Chile y Ecuador
Authors: Alarcón Mario , Brunner José-Joaquín , Labraña Julio
Published: February 2025

Este estudio examina los cambios en la gobernanza de la educación superior en Latinoamérica, desarrollando un enfoque conceptual para analizar las reformas y sus impactos en Chile y Ecuador, destacando sus similitudes y diferencias. Se utiliza el triángulo de Clark ampliado para explorar estas transformaciones. Los resultados identifican las trayectorias post-reformas de ambos países. En Chile, las reformas regulatorias reforzaron el papel estatal como evaluador y financiador, se consolida un mercado privado más regulado y se reduce la influencia de la academia. En Ecuador, disminuyeron la dominación estatal pero fortalecieron su rol evaluador, aumentando la influencia de las instituciones de educación superior y la academia, y promoviendo una gestión más gerencial en las instituciones privadas. Las reformas resultaron en una mayor intervención estatal en Chile y una menor en Ecuador, con cambios significativos en ambos países.
Análisis de la oferta de programas de posgrado en pedagogía en Colombia: tendencias, vacíos y desafíos
Authors: Reyes-Ramírez Olga-Lucía , Isaza-Sandoval Lida-Alexandra , Parra-González Christian-Alfredo
Published: February 2025

Este artículo analiza las tendencias de la oferta de formación posgradual en pedagogía en Colombia, con el fin de identificar vacíos y necesidades existentes. Se optó por una metodología mixta, que incluyó la revisión de datos abiertos del Sistema de Información Nacional de Estadística, así como el análisis de las condiciones curriculares de los programas. Se concluye que es necesario diversificar las modalidades de oferta de los programas para facilitar acceso a regiones apartadas, así como ampliar la oferta de formación en pedagogías, la inclusión y el trabajo con comunidades culturalmente diversas.
From Traditional to AI-Driven Exams: The Evolution of Online Education Assessment
Authors: Saha Sabyasachi
Published: February 2025

This dissertation looks at how traditional assessment methods are changing to AI-driven tests in online education. It
discusses the important challenges and chances this change brings for teachers and students. A major focus of this research is
how well AI technologies can evaluate student performance compared to old methods. By comparing assessment results, doing
surveys to understand how teachers and students feel, and studying AI use in different educational settings, the results show that
AI tests can make things faster and offer tailored feedback. However, worries about reliability and bias are still common. In
particular, the data shows that teachers and students have different trust levels in AI assessments, which has important effects
on teaching practices. In healthcare education, these findings are especially important because precise and accountable
assessment methods are crucial. The wider impact of this study hints at a change in how assessments are done, suggesting that
while AI technologies can change educational practices, they need to be used carefully while considering ethical issues and
differences in how they are applied. Overall, this research adds to the ongoing conversation about educational change, providing
insights that could help guide the careful use of AI in assessment systems in healthcare and other areas.
Pelatihan Aplikasi Pembelajaran Berbasis IT sebagai Media Belajar pada Guru SMA Negeri 1 Dewantara
Authors: Afni Sinaga Nurul , Mahmuzah Rifaatul , Elisyah Nur , Fatwa Islami
Published: February 2025

The important need for the development of technology in education requires teachers to be able to use technology proficiently so as to provide effective and innovative learning to students in the classroom. the implementation of observations and interviews conducted by the service team found that not all teachers of SMAN 1 Dewantara used information technology in the learning process. Some teachers have implemented IT-based learning in the classroom but are not maximized in their delivery in class. Based on these problems, the service team conducted IT-based learning application training for teachers of SMAN 1 Dewantara. The training aims to increase teachers' knowledge in the field of technology and can be a reference for teachers in applying active, creative and innovative and fun learning methods in the classroom. The training method is done by inquiry or direct practice. The result of this service activity is that teachers are able to use IT-based learning and can apply it in the teaching and learning process in class. The activities carried out received positive results from the school and hoped that activities like this could be carried out again at a later time.