bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed [4C + 1N] Cyclization of 4‐Acetylenic Ketones with Primary Amines: Synthesis of 5‐(Aryl)alkylidene‐4,5‐dihydropyrroles.
Authors: Sun Bo , Ma Quan , Wang Yeming , Zhao Yuegang , Liao Peiqiu , Bi Xihe
Published: April 2015

An environmentally friendly route towards fully substituted 4,5‐dihydropyrroles is provided.
ChemInform Abstract: A Free‐Radical Cascade Methylation/Cyclization of N‐Arylacrylamides and Isocyanides with Dicumyl Peroxide.
Authors: Xu Zhengbao , Yan Chaoxian , Liu Zhong‐Quan
Published: April 2015

Dicumyl peroxide is an efficient methyl radical donor for the methylation/cyclization reaction of N‐arylacrylamides and isocyanides providing oxindoles and phenanthridines in reasonable yields.
ChemInform Abstract: The Novel Approach to Indole Alkaloids by Using Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Cyclization.
Authors: Yokoyama Hajime , Kubo Takayoshi , Matsumura Yosuke , Hosokawa Junichi , Miyazawa Masahiro , Hirai Yoshiro
Published: April 2015

Pd‐catalyzed cyclization of substrates (I) provides vinyl indolines, which are further transformed into intermediates of indole alkaloids such as (III) or (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Arylation of Nitrogen Heterocycles from Anilines under Ligand‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Toummini Dounia , Tlili Anis , Berges Julien , Ouazzani Fouad , Taillefer Marc
Published: April 2015

Pyrazoles are arylated by anilines via diazotation, in the presence of catalytic amounts of copper(II) acetate.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Cycloaddition of Diisopropyl Diazomethylphosphonate to Electron‐Deficient Alkenes: Synthesis of Multifunctionalized Phosphonopyrazolines and Phosphonopyrazoles.
Authors: Marinozzi Maura , Tondi Silvia , Marcelli Gloria , Giorgi Gianluca
Published: April 2015

In general, the title cycloaddition produces pyrazolines with excellent regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Palladium on Carbon Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Substituted Benzimidazoles.
Authors: Joardar Soumen , Bhattacharyya Anjan , Das Saktipada
Published: April 2015

Non‐cyclized diamines and N‐debenzylated compounds [e.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Promoted, Metal‐ and Catalyst‐Free Decarboxylative α,β‐Difunctionlization of Secondary α‐Amino Acids via Pseudo‐Four‐Component Reactions.
Authors: Manjappa Kiran B. , Jhang Wei‐Fang , Huang Shin‐Yi , Yang Ding‐Yah
Published: April 2015

Amino acids (III) and (VIII) react with 1,3‐diketones and two equivalents of aromatic aldehydes to give pyranopyrrole and pyranopyridine derivatives, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Reaction of Thioisatins and Alkynes: A Facile Synthesis of Thiochromones.
Authors: Inami Tasuku , Kurahashi Takuya , Matsubara Seijiro
Published: April 2015

The reaction tolerates terminal and internal aryl and alkyl substituted alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Free Syntheses of Pyridine‐Containing Thioethers Through Two‐Fold C—S Bond Formation.
Authors: Badsara Satpal Singh , Chan Chien‐Ching , Lee Chin‐Fa
Published: April 2015

A catalyst‐free Cs2CO3‐promoted reaction of halogenated N‐heterocycles with thiols is developed to give the corresponding thioether derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Furo[2,3‐d]pyridazin‐4(5H)‐one and Its N(5)‐Substituted Derivatives.
Authors: Karahan Emrah , Koza Gani , Balci Metin
Published: April 2015

A new and efficient method for the synthesis of furopyridazinone derivatives via intramolecular cyclization reactions of 2‐hydrazonomethylfuran‐3‐carboxylate derivatives is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of syn‐1,3‐Aminoalcohols via a Ru‐Catalyzed N‐Demethylative Rearrangement of Isoxazolidines and Its Application in a Three‐Step Total Synthesis of HPA‐12.
Authors: Yao Chuan‐Zhi , Xiao Zu‐Feng , Ning Xiao‐Shan , Liu Jie , Zhang Xiao‐Wei , Kang Yan‐Biao
Published: April 2015

A straightforward synthesis of syn‐1,3‐aminoalcohols as well as their N‐methyl derivatives is achieved by Ru‐catalyzed rearrangement of isoxazolidines and subsequent aminolytic or reductive ring opening.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzylic Viologen Dendrimers: A Review of Their Synthesis, Properties and Applications
Authors: Murugavel Kathiresan
Published: April 2015

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Direct Remote C‐H Functionalization of Alkyl Groups via C(sp3)‐H Bond Activation
Authors: Qiu Guanyinsheng , Wu Jie
Published: April 2015

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Isolation and Synthesis of Neodolastane Diterpenoids
Authors: Markovic Dean , Kolympadi Maria , Deguin Brigitte , Poree Francois‐Hugues , Turks Maris
Published: April 2015

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Contemporary Syntheses of 2‐Ketoheptoses and Derivatives
Authors: Jacobsen Anna , Thiem Joachim
Published: April 2015

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Asymmetric Hydrogenation over Chiral Molecule‐Modified Metal Particles
Authors: Zhan Ensheng , Chen Chunhui , Li Yong , Shen Wenjie
Published: April 2015

Review: 105 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Macrocyclic Supramolecular Chemistry
Authors: Rissanen Kari , Barbour Leonard J. , MacGillivray Leonard R.
Published: April 2015

Review: 3 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Survey of Advancements in Nucleic Acid‐Based Logic Gates and Computing for Applications in Biotechnology and Biomedicine
Authors: Wu Cuichen , Wan Shuo , Hou Weijia , Zhang Liqin , Xu Jiehua , Cui Cheng , Wang Yanyue , Hu Jun , Tan Weihong
Published: April 2015

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Solid‐State White Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Su Hai‐Ching , Cheng Chia‐Yu
Published: April 2015

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal—Organic Framework Materials for Light‐Harvesting and Energy Transfer
Authors: So Monica C. , Wiederrecht Gary P. , Mondloch Joseph E. , Hupp Joseph T. , Farha Omar K.
Published: April 2015

Review: 74 refs.
Controlling Toxicity of Peptide–Drug Conjugates by Different Chemical Linker Structures
Authors: Böhme David , Beck‐Sickinger Annette G.
Published: April 2015

The side effects of chemotherapy can be overcome by linking toxic agents to tumor‐targeting peptides with cleavable linkers. Herein, this concept is demonstrated by addressing the human Y1 receptor (hY1R), overexpressed in breast tumors, with analogues of the hY1R‐preferring [F7,P34]NPY. First, carboxytetramethylrhodamine was connected to [F7,P34]NPY by an amide, ester, disulfide, or enzymatic linkage. Live imaging revealed hY1R‐mediated delivery and allowed visualization of time‐dependent intracellular release. Next, the fluorophore was replaced by the toxic agent methotrexate (MTX). In addition to linkage through the amide, ester, disulfide bond, or enzymatic cleavage site, a novel disulfide/ester linker was designed and coupled to [F7,P34]NPY by solid‐phase peptide synthesis. Internalization studies showed hY1R subtype selective uptake, and cell viability experiments demonstrated hY1R‐mediated toxicity that was clearly dependent on the linkage type. Fast release profiles for fluorophore‐[F7,P34]NPY analogues correlated with high toxicities of MTX conjugates carrying the same linker types and emphasize the relevance of new structures connecting the toxophore and the carrier.
Structurally Diverse Manganese(II)–Diclofenac Complexes Showing Enhanced Antioxidant Activity and Affinity to Serum Albumins in Comparison to Sodium Diclofenac­
Authors: Zampakou Marianthi , Tangoulis Vassilis , Raptopoulou Catherine P. , Psycharis Vassilis , Papadopoulos Athanasios N. , Psomas George
Published: April 2015

The interactions of MnII ions with the nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug sodium diclofenac in the presence of 1,10‐phenanthroline and 2,2′‐dipyridylamine lead to the formation of the trinuclear [Mn3(diclofenac)6(1,10‐phenanthroline)2(MeOH)] (1) and the mononuclear [Mn(diclofenac)2(2,2′‐dipyridylamine)] (2), respectively, which have been characterized by X‐ray crystallography. Three different coordination modes of the diclofenac ligands exist in 1, whereas the bidentate chelating mode is observed in 2. In the initial evaluation of their biological properties and potential applications, the complexes exhibited good binding propensity to human or bovine serum albumin proteins and have relatively high binding constants. The ability of the compounds to scavenge 1,1‐diphenylpicrylhydrazyl, 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid), and hydroxyl radicals was evaluated, and 1 was the most‐effective scavenger among 1, 2, and sodium diclofenac.
Panchromatic Borane–aza‐BODIPY Conjugate: Synthesis, Intriguing Optical Properties, and Selective Fluorescent Sensing of Fluoride Anions
Authors: Swamy P Chinna Ayya , Priyanka Ragam N. , Mukherjee Sanjoy , Thilagar Pakkirisamy
Published: April 2015

A new triarylborane–aza‐BODIPY conjugate is reported. The compound consists of two blue emissive dimesitylarylborane moieties and a near‐infrared (NIR) emissive aza‐BOIDPY core and shows panchromatic absorption spanning approximately 300–800 nm. DFT computational studies suggest limited electronic communication between the individual fluorophore units. Hence, the partial energy transfer from blue fluorophore triarylborane to NIR chromophore aza‐BODIPY unit leads to a broad dual‐emissive feature covering a large part of visible and NIR region. Furthermore, the broadband emissive compound can act as a selective sensor for fluoride anion as a result of fluorescence quenching response in both visible and NIR spectral regions.
Sensitive Amperometric Sensing of Hydrogen Peroxide Using Ag Nanowire Array Electrode
Authors: Kurowska‐Tabor E. , Jaskuła M. , Sulka G. D.
Published: April 2015

The amperometric sensor based on a silver nanowire (80 nm in diameter Ag NW) array electrode was fabricated and characterized with scanning electron microscope (SEM). The electrode showed good electrocatalytic activity for reduction of hydrogen peroxide. The effects of the applied polarization potential, pH, time interval between successive injections of analyte, injection volume and H2O2 concentration in a single injection on the electrochemical performance of the sensor were studied. It was found that the optimized operating conditions for the proposed sensor are: the potential of −200 mV, pH between 7.4 and 9.0, 60 s time interval, 10 µL injection volume, and 500 µM H2O2 in single injection. The proposed Ag NW array sensor is free of interference from ascorbic acid, uric acid and glucose.
Voltage‐dependent K+ currents contribute to heterogeneity of olfactory ensheathing cells
Authors: Rela Lorena , Piantanida Ana Paula , Bordey Angelique , Greer Charles A.
Published: April 2015

The olfactory nerve is permissive for axon growth throughout life. This has been attributed in part to the olfactory ensheathing glial cells that encompass the olfactory sensory neuron fascicles. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) also promote axon growth in vitro and when transplanted in vivo to sites of injury. The mechanisms involved remain largely unidentified owing in part to the limited knowledge of the physiological properties of ensheathing cells. Glial cells rely for many functions on the properties of the potassium channels expressed; however, those expressed in ensheathing cells are unknown. Here we show that OECs express voltage‐dependent potassium currents compatible with inward rectifier (Kir) and delayed rectifier (KDR) channels. Together with gap junction coupling, these contribute to the heterogeneity of membrane properties observed in OECs. The relevance of K+ currents expressed by ensheathing cells is discussed in relation to plasticity of the olfactory nerve. GLIA 2015;63:1646–1659
Synthesis of Some Aminophosphonates Bearing N‐(Fluorophenyl)‐piperazynyl Moiety and Their Activity toward Serotonin Receptors
Authors: Lewkowski Jarosław , Jóźwiak Andrzej , Tokarz Paweł , Zagórski Piotr M. , Hamera Róża , Cal Dariusz , Satała Grzegorz , Bojarski Andrzej J.
Published: April 2015

Syntheses of a series of compounds bearing a 1‐(fluorophenyl)piperazin‐4‐ylmethyl moiety, namely dialkyl 1‐(fluorophenyl)piperazin‐4‐ylmethyl phosphonates 3a–f, diethyl 2‐[1‐(fluorophenyl)piperazin‐4‐yl]‐ethyl phosphonates 4a,b, diethyl 3‐[1‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐piperazin‐4‐yl]‐propyl phosphonate 5, and di[1‐(fluorophenyl)piperazin‐4‐yl]methanes 6a,b were performed, and some of them were screened for their affinity for serotonin 5‐HT1A, 5‐HT6, and 5‐HT7 receptors. Moderate interactions with these receptors were demonstrated.
Interpretation of runoff processes in hydrological modelling—experience from the HBV approach
Authors: Bergström Sten , Lindström Göran
Published: April 2015

The process of development and application of the Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning hydrological model over a time period of more than 40 years is reviewed and discussed. Emphasis is on the early modelling strategy and physical considerations based on contemporary research on runoff formation processes in the drainage basin. This includes areal considerations on the catchment scale, soil moisture and evapotranspiration and storages and discharge as represented by the response function of the model. The introduction of the concept of dynamic recharge and discharge areas is also addressed as well as the modelling of snow accumulation and melt. Some operational international experiences are also addressed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying transient post‐overwash aquifer recovery for atoll islands in the Western Pacific
Authors: Bailey Ryan T.
Published: April 2015

Marine overwash events for atoll islands in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, which cause salinization of fresh groundwater because of infiltrating seawater, pose a significant challenge for island community sustainability in regard to water supply. Understanding transient fresh groundwater development during a post‐overwash period for a range of island sizes, geologic characteristics, and rainfall patterns is essential for water management. This paper presents a methodology for quantifying this development for an atoll nation, with methods applied to the 32 atolls of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) in the western Pacific. Using the numerical groundwater modelling code SUTRA, overwash events and post‐overwash freshwater–seawater dynamics are simulated for the range of island widths (200 to 1100 m), geologic characteristics (hydraulic conductivity corresponding to leeward and windward islands), and rainfall patterns (western, central, and eastern regions) present in the FSM, thereby providing results for each atoll island. Results show that 10–17, 8–12, and 6–12 months are required to achieve 60% freshwater lens recovery for leeward islands in the western, central, and eastern FSM, respectively, with variation due to rainfall rate and island width. In contrast, 4–9 months is required for 60% recovery for windward islands. However, the natural thinness of the lend on windward islands typically precludes extensive use of groundwater under average rainfall conditions. Overwash characteristics (depth, duration, and seasonal timing) did not significantly affect recovery times. For the region of lowest rainfall (western FSM), 6–10 months is required to achieve potable groundwater at the typical depth of hand‐dug wells. Results provide water resource managers and atoll island communities with important information regarding timing of potential fresh groundwater use following an overwash event. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Particulate matter phagocytosis induces tissue factor in differentiating macrophages
Authors: Milano M. , Dongiovanni P. , Artoni A. , Gatti S. , Rosso L. , Colombo F. , Bollati V. , Maggioni M. , Mannucci P. M. , Bertazzi P. A. , Fargion S. , Valenti L.
Published: April 2015

Airborne exposure to particulate matter with diameter < 10 mcM (PM10) has been linked to an increased risk of thromboembolic events, but the mechanisms are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PM10 phagocytosis on the release of procoagulant molecules in human differentiating macrophages, and that of PM10 inhalation in an experimental model in rats. Human monocytes were separated from the peripheral blood by the lymphoprep method, differentiated in vitro and treated with standard PM10 or vehicle. Sprague–Dawley rats were instilled intratracheally with PM10 or vehicle alone. The outcome was expression of proinflammatory genes and of tissue factor (TF). In human differentiating macrophages, PM10 exposure upregulated inflammatory genes, but most consistently induced TF mRNA and protein levels, but not TF protein inhibitor, resulting in increased TF membrane expression and a procoagulant phenotype. Differentiation towards the anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype inhibited PM10‐mediated TF expression. TF induction required phagocytosis of PM10, whereas phagocytosis of inert particles was less effective. PM10 phagocytosis was associated with a gene expression profile consistent with intracellular retention of iron, inducing oxidative stress. Both PM10 and iron activated the stress kinases ERK1/2 pathway, involved in the induction of TF expression. In rats, alveolar exposure to PM10 was associated with pulmonary recruitment of inflammatory cells and resulted in local, but not systemic, induction of TF expression, which was sufficient to increase circulating TF levels. In conclusion, TF induction by differentiating lung macrophages, activated following phagocytosis, contributes to the increased risk of thromboembolic complications associated with PM10 exposure. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GRP78/Dna K Is a Target for Nexavar/Stivarga/Votrient in the Treatment of Human Malignancies, Viral Infections and Bacterial Diseases
Authors: Roberts Jane L. , Tavallai Mehrad , Nourbakhsh Aida , Fidanza Abigail , Cruz‐Luna Tanya , Smith Elizabeth , Siembida Paul , Plamondon Pascale , Cycon Kelly A. , Doern Christopher D. , Booth Laurence , Dent Paul
Published: April 2015

Prior tumor cell studies have shown that the drugs sorafenib (Nexavar) and regorafenib (Stivarga) reduce expression of the chaperone GRP78. Sorafenib/regorafenib and the multi‐kinase inhibitor pazopanib (Votrient) interacted with sildenafil (Viagra) to further rapidly reduce GRP78 levels in eukaryotes and as single agents to reduce Dna K levels in prokaryotes. Similar data were obtained in tumor cells in vitro and in drug‐treated mice for: HSP70, mitochondrial HSP70, HSP60, HSP56, HSP40, HSP10, and cyclophilin A. Prolonged ‘rafenib/sildenafil treatment killed tumor cells and also rapidly decreased the expression of: the drug efflux pumps ABCB1 and ABCG2; and NPC1 and NTCP, receptors for Ebola/Hepatitis A and B viruses, respectively. Pre‐treatment with the ‘Rafenib/sildenafil combination reduced expression of the Coxsackie and Adenovirus receptor in parallel with it also reducing the ability of a serotype 5 Adenovirus or Coxsackie virus B4 to infect and to reproduce. Sorafenib/pazopanib and sildenafil was much more potent than sorafenib/pazopanib as single agents at preventing Adenovirus, Mumps, Chikungunya, Dengue, Rabies, West Nile, Yellow Fever, and Enterovirus 71 infection and reproduction. ‘Rafenib drugs/pazopanib as single agents killed laboratory generated antibiotic resistant E. coli which was associated with reduced Dna K and Rec A expression. Marginally toxic doses of ‘Rafenib drugs/pazopanib restored antibiotic sensitivity in pan‐antibiotic resistant bacteria including multiple strains of blakpc Klebsiella pneumoniae. Thus, Dna K is an antibiotic target for sorafenib, and inhibition of GRP78/Dna K has therapeutic utility for cancer and for bacterial and viral infections. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 2552–2578, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Physiology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pharmacokinetics of hepatitis C virus NS5A inhibitor JNJ‐56914845 (GSK2336805) in subjects with hepatic impairment
Authors: Adkison Kimberly K. , Gan Jianjun , Elko‐Simms Lucinda , Gardner Stephen , Dumont Etienne , Jones Lori S. , Saunders Joanne , Marbury Thomas , Smith William , Berg Jolene , Galloway Christopher , Stump Patrick J.
Published: April 2015

JNJ‐56914845 (GSK2336805) is a hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor under development for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection. This open‐label, parallel‐group, 2‐part study evaluated the pharmacokinetics and safety of a single oral 60 mg dose of JNJ‐56914845 in 4 cohorts: healthy, mild, moderate, and severe hepatic impairment (n = 8/cohort). Severity of hepatic impairment was categorized using Child‐Pugh score, and the healthy subjects were matched for age, sex, body mass index, and smoking status to the moderate hepatic impairment cohort. JNJ‐56914845 plasma AUC0–∞ was 26%, 52%, and 45% lower in subjects with mild, moderate, and severe hepatic impairment, respectively, relative to healthy subjects with no difference in half‐life among the groups. The apparent oral clearance and volume of distribution were higher in subjects with hepatic impairment. The lower plasma concentrations were largely explained by decreased plasma protein binding in hepatically impaired subjects. One subject with severe hepatic impairment had 2 non‐drug‐related serious adverse events: an esophageal bleed requiring hospitalization, encephalopathy. Although hepatically impaired subjects have lower exposures than healthy matched controls, they had similar or slightly higher exposures than those observed in past studies of noncirrhotic, CHC patients, suggesting that no dose adjustments for hepatic impairment will be needed.
3‐Factor‐Criticality of Vertex‐Transitive Graphs
Authors: Zhang Heping , Sun Wuyang
Published: April 2015

A graph of order n is p ‐factor‐critical, where p is an integer of the same parity as n, if the removal of any set of p vertices results in a graph with a perfect matching. 1‐factor‐critical graphs and 2‐factor‐critical graphs are factor‐critical graphs and bicritical graphs, respectively. It is well known that every connected vertex‐transitive graph of odd order is factor‐critical and every connected nonbipartite vertex‐transitive graph of even order is bicritical. In this article, we show that a simple connected vertex‐transitive graph of odd order at least five is 3‐factor‐critical if and only if it is not a cycle.
MR‐detected changes in liver fat, abdominal fat, and vertebral bone marrow fat after a four‐week calorie restriction in obese women
Authors: Cordes Christian , Dieckmeyer Michael , Ott Beate , Shen Jun , Ruschke Stefan , Settles Marcus , Eichhorn Claudia , Bauer Jan S. , Kooijman Hendrik , Rummeny Ernst J. , Skurk Thomas , Baum Thomas , Hauner Hans , Karampinos Dimitrios C.
Published: April 2015

Purpose

To determine changes in the bone marrow fat fraction (BMFF) in obesity after dietary intervention in comparison with changes in abdominal fat, liver fat, and serum lipids.

Materials and Methods

Twenty obese (BMI 34.92 ± 3.8 kg/m2) women participated in a 4‐week dietary intervention of 800 kcal/d plus additional vegetables. They underwent anthropometric and blood value measurements before and after the intervention. Abdominal 3T MRI was performed to measure changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume and single‐voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to measure fat content changes in the liver and L5 vertebral body.

Results

The greatest relative change after dietary intervention was found in the liver (−40.3%), followed by VAT volume (−15.1%), serum lipids (−12.6 to −14.5%), and SAT volume (−8.5%). There were no statistically significant changes in BMFF after dietary intervention (P = 0.39), but absolute changes in the BMFF were positively associated with SAT volume (r = 0.489) and negatively associated with nonadipose tissue volume (r = –0.493) before dietary intervention.

Conclusion

Bone marrow behaves differently compared to SAT volume, VAT volume, liver fat, and serum lipids after a 4‐week dietary intervention in obesity and BMFF changes depend on abdominal tissue volumes before intervention. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:1272–1280.
Quantitative analysis of 31P NMR spectra of soil extracts – dealing with overlap of broad and sharp signals
Authors: Doolette Ashlea L. , Smernik Ronald J.
Published: April 2015

Solution 31P NMR analysis following extraction with a mixture of sodium hydroxide and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is the most widely used method for detailed characterization of soil organic P. However, quantitative analysis of the 31P NMR spectra is complicated by severe spectral overlap in the monoester region. Various deconvolution procedures have been developed for the task, yet none of these are widely accepted or implemented. In this mini‐review, we first describe and compare these varying approaches. We then review approaches to similar issues of spectral overlap in biomedical science applications including NMR‐based metabolic profiling and analyzing 31P magnetic resonance spectra of ex vivo and in vivo intact tissues. The greater maturity and resourcing of this biomedical research means that a wider variety of approaches has been developed. Of particular relevance are approaches to dealing with overlap of broad and sharp signals. Although the existence of this problem is still debated in the context of soil analyses, not only is it well‐recognized in biomedical applications, but multiple approaches have been developed to deal with it, including T2 editing and time‐domain fitting. Perhaps the most transferable concept is the incorporation of ‘prior knowledge’ in the fitting of spectra. This is well established in biomedical applications but barely touched in soil analyses. We argue that shortcuts to dealing with overlap in the monoester region 31P NMR soil spectra are likely to be found in the biomedical literature, although some degree of adaptation will be necessary. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety and efficacy of a patient‐controlled bladder management system for treating urinary retention in men
Authors: Homan Harvey D. , Dmochowski Roger , Cochran James S. , Karsh Lawrence , Sherman Neil D. , Yalla Subbarao
Published: April 2015

Aims

The CymActive™ Bladder Management System (BMS) is a self‐retaining, intraurethral catheter with a patient‐controlled magnetic valve that allows cyclical bladder filling and emptying, without external appliances. We determined the safety and efficacy of the BMS in men with urinary retention who required catheterization for more than 7 days.

Methods

Men requiring continuous drainage, bladder capacity less than 300 ml, history of prostatic or urethral surgery, or urethral length outside of defined limits, were excluded. Data were collected from patient diaries and weekly visits during catheterization for up to 30 days. The primary composite endpoint assessed four outcomes: placement, post‐void residual volume (PVR) of 75 ml or less, adverse device‐related events requiring early removal, and removal.

Results

Nine of 23 patients met all four criteria: eight of 18 non‐neurogenic (7/11 prior Foley users and 1/7 without Foley experience) and one of five neurogenic spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. Secondary outcomes in non‐neurogenic patients included: 17/18 successful insertions; of these, 16/17 average PVR of 75 ml; successful valve openings and closings ≥ 95% of more than 1,400 voids; and minimal leakage. Four of five SCI patients discontinued within 7 days. Cystourethroscopy after removal revealed no marked inflammation or mucosal changes.

Conclusions

This pilot study demonstrated the BMS is potentially useful, convenient, and safe for appropriate patients. A follow‐up study will better define the characteristics of patients who benefit from this device and examine whether the use of antimuscarinic agents improves outcomes. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:630–635, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Crystallographic and optical properties of (Cu, Ag)2ZnSnS4 and (Cu, Ag)2ZnSnSe4 solid solutions
Authors: Gong Weiyan , Tabata Takahiro , Takei Koji , Morihama Masaru , Maeda Tsuyoshi , Wada Takahiro
Published: April 2015

(Cu1‐xAgx)2ZnSnS4 (CAZTS) and (Cu1‐xAgx)2ZnSnSe4 (CAZTSe) solid solutions with 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0 were synthesized. Their crystal structures were analyzed by Rietveld refinement of X‐ray diffraction data. The refined lattice constants a of the kesterite‐type CAZTS and CAZTSe increase with Ag content (x) increasing, while their lattice constants c slightly decrease. Therefore, by increasing x, the c /a ratio decreases from 2 for Cu‐based compounds to a value lower than 1.9 for Ag‐based compounds. The band‐gap energies (Eg) of CAZTS and CAZTSe solid solutions were determined by their diffuse reflectance spectra. The reflectance edges of the CAZTS and CAZTSe shifted to the longer wavelength side with Ag content increasing at 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2, while they shifted to the shorter wavelength side at 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 1.0. By increasing x, the Eg of CAZTS decreases from 1.49 eV (x=0.0) to 1.47 (x=0.2) and then increases to 2.01 eV (x=1.0); and the Eg of CAZTSe decreases from 0.98 eV (x=0.0) to 0.95 (x=0.2) and then increases to 1.34 eV (x=1.0). There is small bowing in the band gaps of the CAZTS and CAZTSe systems. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Functional Characterization and Comparison of Intercellular Communication in Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Marcu Irene C. , Illaste Ardo , Heuking Pernilla , Jaconi Marisa E. , Ullrich Nina D.
Published: April 2015

One novel treatment strategy for the diseased heart focuses on the use of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (SC-CMs) to overcome the heart's innate deficiency for self-repair. However, targeted application of SC-CMs requires in-depth characterization of their true cardiogenic potential in terms of excitability and intercellular coupling at cellular level and in multicellular preparations. In this study, we elucidated the electrical characteristics of single SC-CMs and intercellular coupling quality of cell pairs, and concomitantly compared them with well-characterized murine native neonatal and immortalized HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Firstly, we investigated the electrical properties and Ca2+ signaling mechanisms specific to cardiac contraction in single SC-CMs. Despite heterogeneity of the new cardiac cell population, their electrophysiological activity and Ca2+ handling were similar to native cells. Secondly, we investigated the capability of paired SC-CMs to form an adequate subunit of a functional syncytium and analyzed gap junctions and signal transmission by dye transfer in cell pairs. We discovered significantly diminished coupling in SC-CMs compared with native cells, which could not be enhanced by a coculture approach combining SC-CMs and primary CMs. Moreover, quantitative and structural analysis of gap junctions presented significantly reduced connexin expression levels compared with native CMs. Strong dependence of intercellular coupling on gap junction density was further confirmed by computational simulations. These novel findings demonstrate that despite the cardiogenic electrophysiological profile, SC-CMs present significant limitations in intercellular communication. Inadequate coupling may severely impair functional integration and signal transmission, which needs to be carefully considered for the prospective use of SC-CMs in cardiac repair. Stem Cells 2015;33:2208–2218
Endurance training ameliorates complex 3 deficiency in a mouse model of Barth syndrome
Authors: Soustek Meghan S. , Baligand Celine , Falk Darin J. , Walter Glenn A. , Lewin Alfred S. , Byrne Barry J.
Published: April 2015

Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X‐linked metabolic disorder that causes cardiomyopathy in infancy and is linked to mutations within the Tafazzin (TAZ) gene. The first mouse model, a TAZ knockdown model (TAZKD), has been generated to further understand the bioenergetics leading to cardiomyopathy. However, the TAZKD model does not show early signs of cardiomyopathy, and cardiac pathophysiology has not been documented until 7–8 months of age. Here we sought to determine the impact of endurance training on the cardiac and skeletal muscle phenotype in young TAZKD mice. TAZKD exercise trained (TAZKD‐ET) and control exercise trained (CON‐ET) mice underwent a 35‐day swimming protocol. Non‐trained aged matched TAZKD and CON mice were used as controls. At the end of the protocol, cardiac MRI was used to assess cardiac parameters. Cardiac MRI showed that training resulted in cardiac hypertrophy within both groups and did not result in a decline of ejection fraction. TAZKD mice exhibited a decrease in respiratory complex I, III, and IV enzymatic activity in cardiac tissue compared to control mice; however, training led to an increase in complex III activity in TAZKD‐ET mice resulting in similar levels to those of CON‐ET mice. 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the gastrocnemius showed a significantly lowered pH in TAZKD‐ET mice post electrical‐stimulation compared to CON‐ET mice. Endurance training does not accelerate cardiac dysfunction in young TAZKD mice, but results in beneficial physiological effects. Furthermore, our results suggest that a significant drop in intracellular pH levels may contribute to oxidative phosphorylation defects during exercise.
Kwakwaka’wakw “Clam Gardens”
Authors: Deur Douglas , Dick Adam , Recalma-Clutesi Kim , Turner Nancy J.
Published: April 2015

The indigenous peoples of the Northwest Coast of North America actively managed natural resources in diverse ways to enhance their productivity and proximity. Among those practices that have escaped the attention of anthropologists until recently is the traditional management of intertidal clam beds, which Northwest Coast peoples have enhanced through techniques such as selective harvests, the removal of shells and other debris, and the mechanical aeration of the soil matrix. In some cases, harvesters also removed stones or even created stone revetments that served to laterally expand sediments suitable for clam production into previously unusable portions of the tidal zone. This article presents the only account of these activities, their motivations, and their outcomes, based on the first-hand knowledge of a traditional practitioner, Kwakwaka’wakw Clan Chief Kwaxistalla Adam Dick, trained in these techniques by elders raised in the nineteenth century when clam “gardening” was still widely practiced.
Granular cell tumor of rectal submucosa: case report
Authors: Ribeiro Suheyla Pollyana Pereira , Levy Stephanie Fonseca , Corrêa Flávia Motta , de Araujo e Sousa Aryanna Musme , da Costa Silveira Felipe , Carvalho Marcos Rodrigo , Bin Fang Chia
Published: April 2015

This is a case report of granular cell tumor of rectal submucosa in a female, 35-years-old patient complaining of hematochezia. We describe the histological and immunohistochemical features of the lesion responsible by this clinical find. Following that, we present a discussion of the case based on the literature review, which allowed to proving the infrequency of the tumor in the rectal area and confirms the benign nature of the tumor in this case.
The impact of service design and process management on clinical quality: An exploration of synergetic effects⋆
Authors: Ding Xin (David)
Published: April 2015

While service design and process management have received research attention in the past, there is limited empirical work examining both factors in the hospital setting. Through operationalizing focus as a service design approach and quality improvement (QI) initiatives as process management efforts, we hypothesize that focus and QI initiatives affect clinical quality both individually and collectively. Utilizing heart attack procedures as the study context, we examine a set of hypotheses based on a panel dataset consisted of 201 hospitals from 2005 to 2011 in the state of Florida. After accounting for potential lag effects and endogeneity biases, we find empirical support to the proposed hypotheses.
Dynamisch-interaktive Visualisierung elementarer Konzepte zu Daten und Wahrscheinlichkeiten
Authors: Engel Joachim , Martignon Laura
Published: April 2015

Der Umgang mit Wahrscheinlichkeiten ist mit vielen Fehlvorstellungen versehen. Jüngere Forschungen weisen auf die Bedeutung der Formate hin, in denen Informationen zu Wahrscheinlichkeiten und Statistik repräsentiert werden. Zum Beispiel sind Repräsentationen mit natürlichen Häufigkeiten für die Weiterverarbeitung viel weniger fehleranfällig als Darstellungen in Form von Prozentangaben. Der Aufsatz präsentiert von den Autoren entwickelte dynamische Visualisierungen zu bedingten Wahrscheinlichkeiten und eine Lernumgebung zum Ziehen von Schlussfolgerungen aus Daten, die auch schon bei Kindern im Primarbereich erfolgreich eingesetzt werden konnten.
Histone acetyltransferase PCAF accelerates apoptosis by repressing a GLI1/BCL2/BAX axis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Gai X , Tu K , Li C , Lu Z , Roberts L R , Zheng X
Published: April 2015

P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), a histone acetyltransferase (HAT), has been found to regulate numerous cell signaling pathways controlling cell fate by acetylating both histone and non-histone proteins. We previously reported that PCAF upregulates cell apoptosis by inactivating Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase 1 (AKT1) signaling and consequently inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell growth. Here, we show that PCAF can directly acetylate cytoplasmic GLI1 protein at lysine 518, preventing its nuclear translocation and promoter occupancy, and consequently suppressing Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in HCC. Further, our results show that GLI1 can increase Bcl-2 expression and downregulate BAX. Interestingly, forced expression of PCAF reduced Bcl-2 expression, upregulated BAX and repressed cell apoptosis. Further, we provide evidence that knockdown of GLI1 abrogates the inhibitory effect of PCAF on the growth of HCC in vitro. PCAF was also found to sensitize HCC cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment by regulating GLI1/Bcl-2/BAX axis-dependent apoptosis. In vivo experiments also confirmed the regulatory effect of PCAF on the GLI1/Bcl-2/BAX axis and its synergistic antitumor effects with 5-FU. Gene expression microarray studies showed that PCAF was downregulated in HCC tissues compared with adjacent liver tissues and that PCAF expression was significantly associated with longer overall survival and recurrence-free survival after surgery. Together, these results show that PCAF can induce cell apoptosis by modulating a GLI1/Bcl-2/BAX axis that in turn suppresses HCC progression, and suggest that 5-FU may exert a stronger anti-tumor effect in patients with PCAF expression in HCC tumors.
The canonical Wg signaling modulates Bsk-mediated cell death in Drosophila
Authors: Zhang S , Chen C , Wu C , Yang Y , Li W , Xue L
Published: April 2015

Cell death is an essential regulatory mechanism for removing unneeded cells in animal development and tissue homeostasis. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway has pivotal roles in the regulation of cell death in response to various intrinsic and extrinsic stress signals. The canonical Wingless (Wg) signaling has been implicated in cell proliferation and cell fate decisions, whereas its role in cell death remains largely elusive. Here, we report that activated Bsk (the Drosophila JNK homolog) induced cell death is mediated by the canonical Wg signaling. First, loss of Wg signaling abrogates Bsk-mediated caspase-independent cell death. Second, activation of Wg signaling promotes cell death in a caspase-independent manner. Third, activation of Bsk signaling results in upregulated transcription of wingless (wg) gene. Finally, Wg pathway participates in the physiological function of Bsk signaling in development. These findings not only reveal a previously undiscovered role of Wg signaling in Bsk-mediated cell death, but also provide a novel mechanism for the interplay between the two important signaling pathways in development.
A versatile nano display platform from bacterial spore coat proteins
Authors: Wu I-Lin , Narayan Kedar , Castaing Jean-Philippe , Tian Fang , Subramaniam Sriram , Ramamurthi Kumaran S.
Published: April 2015

Dormant bacterial spores are encased in a thick protein shell, the ‘coat’, which contains ∼70 different proteins. The coat protects the spore from environmental insults, and is among the most durable static structures in biology. Owing to extensive cross-linking among coat proteins, this structure has been recalcitrant to detailed biochemical analysis, so molecular details of how it assembles are largely unknown. Here, we reconstitute the basement layer of the coat atop spherical membranes supported by silica beads to create artificial spore-like particles. We report that these synthetic spore husk-encased lipid bilayers (SSHELs) assemble and polymerize into a static structure, mimicking in vivo basement layer assembly during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. In addition, we demonstrate that SSHELs may be easily covalently modified with small molecules and proteins. We propose that SSHELs may be versatile display platforms for drugs and vaccines in clinical settings, or for enzymes that neutralize pollutants for environmental remediation.
Whole-exome SNP array identifies 15 new susceptibility loci for psoriasis
Authors: Zuo Xianbo , Sun Liangdan , Yin Xianyong , Gao Jinping , Sheng Yujun , Xu Jinhua , Zhang Jianzhong , He Chundi , Qiu Ying , Wen Guangdong , Tian Hongqing , Zheng Xiaodong , Liu Shengxiu , Wang Wenjun , Li Weiran , Cheng Yuyan , Liu Longdan , Chang Yan , Wang Zaixing , Li Zenggang , Li Longnian , Wu Jianping , Fang Ling , Shen Changbing , Zhou Fusheng , Liang Bo , Chen Gang , Li Hui , Cui Yong , Xu Aie , Yang Xueqin , Hao Fei , Xu Limin , Fan Xing , Li Yuzhen , Wu Rina , Wang Xiuli , Liu Xiaoming , Zheng Min , Song Shunpeng , Ji Bihua , Fang Hong , Yu Jianbin , Sun Yongxin , Hui Yan , Zhang Furen , Yang Rongya , Yang Sen , Zhang Xuejun
Published: April 2015

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have reproducibly associated ∼40 susceptibility loci with psoriasis. However, the missing heritability is evident and the contributions of coding variants have not yet been systematically evaluated. Here, we present a large-scale whole-exome array analysis for psoriasis consisting of 42,760 individuals. We discover 16 SNPs within 15 new genes/loci associated with psoriasis, including C1orf141, ZNF683, TMC6, AIM2, IL1RL1, CASR, SON, ZFYVE16, MTHFR, CCDC129, ZNF143, AP5B1, SYNE2, IFNGR2 and 3q26.2-q27 (P<5.00 × 10−08). In addition, we also replicate four known susceptibility loci TNIP1, NFKBIA, IL12B and LCE3D–LCE3E. These susceptibility variants identified in the current study collectively account for 1.9% of the psoriasis heritability. The variant within AIM2 is predicted to impact protein structure. Our findings increase the number of genetic risk factors for psoriasis and highlight new and plausible biological pathways in psoriasis.
New basal cell carcinoma susceptibility loci
Authors: Stacey Simon N. , Helgason Hannes , Gudjonsson Sigurjon A. , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Zink Florian , Sigurdsson Asgeir , Kehr Birte , Gudmundsson Julius , Sulem Patrick , Sigurgeirsson Bardur , Benediktsdottir Kristrun R. , Thorisdottir Kristin , Ragnarsson Rafn , Fuentelsaz Victoria , Corredera Cristina , Gilaberte Yolanda , Grasa Matilde , Planelles Dolores , Sanmartin Onofre , Rudnai Peter , Gurzau Eugene , Koppova Kvetoslava , Nexø Bjørn A. , Tjønneland Anne , Overvad Kim , Jonasson Jon G. , Tryggvadottir Laufey , Johannsdottir Hrefna , Kristinsdottir Anna M. , Stefansson Hreinn , Masson Gisli , Magnusson Olafur T. , Halldorsson Bjarni V. , Kong Augustine , Rafnar Thorunn , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Vogel Ulla , Kumar Rajiv , Nagore Eduardo , Mayordomo José I. , Gudbjartsson Daniel F. , Olafsson Jon H. , Stefansson Kari
Published: April 2015

In an ongoing screen for DNA sequence variants that confer risk of cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC), we conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 24,988,228 SNPs and small indels detected through whole-genome sequencing of 2,636 Icelanders and imputed into 4,572 BCC patients and 266,358 controls. Here we show the discovery of four new BCC susceptibility loci: 2p24 MYCN (rs57244888[C], OR=0.76, P=4.7 × 10−12), 2q33 CASP8-ALS2CR12 (rs13014235[C], OR=1.15, P=1.5 × 10−9), 8q21 ZFHX4 (rs28727938[G], OR=0.70, P=3.5 × 10−12) and 10p14 GATA3 (rs73635312[A], OR=0.74, P=2.4 × 10−16). Fine mapping reveals that two variants correlated with rs73635312[A] occur in conserved binding sites for the GATA3 transcription factor. In addition, expression microarrays and RNA-seq show that rs13014235[C] and a related SNP rs700635[C] are associated with expression of CASP8 splice variants in which sequences from intron 8 are retained.
Penetration of biomass-burning emissions from South Asia through the Himalayas: new insights from atmospheric organic acids
Authors: Cong Zhiyuan , Kawamura Kimitaka , Kang Shichang , Fu Pingqing
Published: April 2015

High levels of carbonaceous aerosol exist over South Asia, the area adjacent to the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau. Little is known about if they can be transported across the Himalayas and as far inland as the Tibetan Plateau. As important constituents of aerosols, organic acids have been recognized as unique fingerprints to identify the atmospheric process. Here we measured dicarboxylic acids and related compounds in aerosols on the northern slope of Mt. Everest (Qomolangma, 4276 m a.s.l.). Strong positive correlations were observed for dicarboxylic acids with biomass burning tracers, levoglucosan and K+, demonstrating that this area was evidently affected by biomass burning. The seasonal variation pattern of dicarboxylic acids is consistent with OC and EC, being characterized by a pronounced maximum in the pre-monsoon season. Molecular distributions of dicarboxylic acids and related compounds (malonic acid/succinic acid, maleic acid/fumaric acid) further support this finding. We suggest that the local meteorological conditions and regional atmospheric flow process could facilitate the penetration of the carbonaceous aerosols from South Asia throughout the Himalayas. With the consideration of the darkening force of carbonaceous aerosols, our finding has important implication for this climate-sensitive area, where the glacier melting supplies water for billions of people downstream.
Synthesis of Aromatic Aza-metallapentalenes from Metallabenzene via Sequential Ring Contraction/Annulation
Authors: Wang Tongdao , Han Feifei , Huang Haiping , Li Jinhua , Zhang Hong , Zhu Jun , Lin Zhenyang , Xia Haiping
Published: April 2015

The concept of aromaticity has long played an important role in chemistry and continues to fascinate both experimentalists and theoreticians. Among the archetypal aromatic compounds, heteroaromatics are particularly attractive. Recently, substitution of a transition-metal fragment for a carbon atom in the anti-aromatic hydrocarbon pentalene has led to the new heteroaromatic osmapentalenes. However, construction of the aza-homolog of osmapentalenes cannot be accomplished by a similar synthetic manipulation. Here, we report the synthesis of aza-osmapentalenes by sequential ring contraction/annulation reactions of osmabenzenes via osmapentafulvenes. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, X-ray crystallographic analysis and DFT calculations all suggest that these aza-osmapentalenes exhibit aromatic character. Thus, the stepwise transformation of metallabenzenes to metallapentafulvenes and then aza-metallapentalenes provides an efficient and facile synthetic route to these bicyclic heteroaromatics.
Enantioselective synthesis of chiral heterocycles containing both chroman and pyrazolone derivatives catalysed by a chiral squaramide
Authors: Li Jun-Hua , Du Da-Ming
Published: April 2015

An efficient chiral squaramide-catalysed enantioselective Michael addition of pyrazolin-5-ones to 3-nitro-2H-chromenes afforded chiral heterocycles containing both chroman and pyrazolone derivatives in high to excellent yields (up to 98%) with high enantioselectivities (up to 96%) under very low catalyst loading (0.2 mol%).
Modeling and evaluation of electro-oxidation of dye wastewater using artificial neural networks
Authors: Kaur Parminder , Sangal Vikas Kumar , Kushwaha Jai Prakash
Published: April 2015

Treatment of CBSOL LE red wool dye containing wastewater by an electro-oxidation (EO) method was investigated using a Ti/RuO2 electrode.