bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and Traceability of Spiritous Drinks based on UV-spectrometry and Conductometry
Authors:   Commodity Science and Expertise Department, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia., Belkin Yury
Published: March 2021

This article is devoted to the identification and detection of adulterated alcoholic beverages on the example of brandy and vodka. According to different opinions, up to 40% of spiritous beverages turn out to be adulterated or counterfeit. Most commonly used to identify such adulteration analytical methods are either too expensive or time-demanding. The other important thing that there is no standard method developed for objective tracing of spirits to the level of a production lot. The paper proposes an express method for detecting adulterated alcoholic beverages based on the use of two analytical methods of different nature: conductometry and UV-spectrometry. The possibility of these methods’ joint use for identification of alcoholic beverages with the standard or by common features (non-signature identification) is proved by the usage of statistical methods on data got from analytical measurements and sensory evaluation of 171 drinks’ samples. The samples represent different countries of product origin, brands, ageing periods. Firstly we found out informative wavelength bands, spectral curve forms and conductivity limits for different types of drinks, both genuine and adulterated – adulteration was previously revealed by sensory test. Then, using k-means cluster analysis we developed typical spectra for 2 ‘styles’ of genuine brandies and adulterated brandies, for vodkas the same work was done using simpler statistical techniques (means and variation analysis). Finally, an algorithm for spiritous beverages identification and tracing is given. Additionally, changes in the values of the electrical conductivity and UV spectra during shelf life that do not affect the suitability of the proposed method were studied.
Computation of Odd Geo-Domination Number of a Graph
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Mathematics, Reg No. 11794, St. Xavier’s (Autonomous) College, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Karthika K. , Kinsley A. Anto ,   Department of Mathematics, St. Xavier’s (Autonomous) College, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli.
Published: March 2021

A geodominating set S ⊆ V of a graph G is said to be an odd geo-dominating set if for every vertex , , and The minimum cardinality of the odd geo-dominating set is called odd geo-domination number denoted by . The odd geo-dominating set with cardinality is called – set of G. We develop an algorithm to compute an odd geo-domination number of graphs and for some families of graphs.
Real Time Lime Storage Tracking Model in Steel Making Plant
Authors:   Technologist, Automation Division, Tata Steel, Jamshedpur, India, Tiwari Vipul Kumar , Gaurav Kumar ,   Technologist, Automation Division, Tata Steel, Jamshedpur, India, Singh Umesh Kumar ,   Principal Technologist, Automation Division, Tata Steel, Jamshedpur, India, Korath Jose Martin ,   Chief (ISMM), Automation Division, Tata Steel, Jamshedpur, India, Singh Manish Kumar ,   Chief (One IT), Automation Division, Tata Steel, Jamshedpur, India
Published: March 2021

In Tata Steel Ltd.- India, the calcined lime produced in the Merz-kiln is stored in the respective bins for its further use in steel making at LD shops. The quality of lime controls the quality of steel, refractory life and productivity. It also helps in removing the impurities during the steel-making process. Longer and inefficient storage of calcined lime results into degradation of the lime quality due to air slaking and fines generation. To optimize the storage time, a model has been developed which tracks the live charging, storage and discharging of lime at each respective bin. The model further gives recommendations in the form of preferences for charging and discharging of the bins. Python has been used as a tool for the model development. By the integration of level 1 and level 2 automation, it has become easier to achieve this aim by using data from sensor devices. Level 1 sensors have been installed in each respective bin to get the information about the level of materials inside the bin. Further this crucial data is stored in level 2 automation system to use it in the model. Model’s result shows the live tracking of calcined-lime stored in the bins. It generates a logical layer of material inside the bin and provides the age (storage time in hours) of each layer. Based on the age of layers, model gives the preferences for charging and discharging of the bins. Eventually It provides a decision-making platform to the plant user based on preferences for better lime-storage management. The system developed also contains a HMI (Human-machine interface) where user can visualize the live tracking and preferences for each bin given by the model. The system also captures the action taken by the user based on model’s preferences. Ultimately, it optimizes the storage time and controls the lime quality inside the bin. Eventually, it also controls the degradation of lime quality due to long storage. The model has been validated quantitatively with the real-time data of processing plant captured by the level 1 sensors. The result shows that model is able to track the level of material inside the bin, age of each layer and its storage duration. The result also shows the name of preferred bins to be charged/discharged to optimize the storage duration. As per requirements, the calcined lime stored in the bins is drawn to use it in the steel-making process.
Improving Joint Attention in Children with Autism: A VR-AR Enabled Game Approach
Authors:   Department of CSE, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh, Sarker* Soumik , Linkon Ali Hasan Md. ,   Department of CSE, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh, Bappy Faisal Haque ,   Department of CSE, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh, Rabbi Md Forhad ,   Department of CSE, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh, Nahid Md Mahadi Hasan ,   Department of CSE, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
Published: March 2021

Autism Spectrum Disease (ASD) can be referred to as one type of neurodevelopmental disorder, causing communication or behavioral disabilities in multiple severity levels. These challenges cause difficulties in communication, interaction, problem-solving, etc. Though having no persistent cure for ASD, several treatments and intervention strategies prevail for their behavioral development. These treatments include social skill training, sensory integration, and occasional therapy, etc. Many of these researches highly emphasize joint attention, which is the common issue of most autism cases. Joint or shared attention is highly essential for language and communication skill development. In this work, we proposed a game-based approach to improving the joint attention of children with autism. This approach focuses on the efficiency of skilling up their shared attention by interacting with digital models through problem-solving. We integrate AR (Augmented Reality) and VR (Virtual Reality) technologies for solving this issue. Using these technologies, we have designed an interactive multi-staged game module, including several types of real-life alike problems. Problem-solving and interacting with these mascots can help children build up learning and communication skills, which sometimes real-life interaction may find challenging. Again, eye screening and health can be issues in the device-centric scheme. An analytical survey has been presented in this work, confirming that all these health issues have been carefully considered. Implementation and outperforming results of this work will give a clear stand about the effectiveness of this module. Besides, we present sufficient analytics confirming that this module can also be efficient for normal children.
Subjetividad, lazo social y violencia. Conversación con Lizett Figueroa
Authors:   Universidad Católica de Pereira, Gómez John James , Chávez Muriel Héctor Reynaldo ,   Fundación Universitaria Católica Lumen Gentium, Perdomo Aldemar ,   Fundación Universitaria Católica Lumen Gentium
Published: March 2021

Lizette Teresa Figueroa es Psicóloga, Maestra en Desarrollo Comunitario, Doctora en Psicología por la Universidad Veracruzana. Cuenta con experiencia profesional en el ámbito de la salud mental comunitaria y el trabajo terapéutico individual y grupal. Es representante estatal del Grupo de Información en Reproducción Elegida (GIRE) 1993-2000. Directora del Centro Marie Langer A.C. 1997 a la fecha, donde se realiza trabajo comunitario, con mujeres y jóvenes, en el fomento de la salud integral comunitaria con perspectiva de género. Docente de tiempo completo en la Facultad de Psicología Xalapa de la Universidad Veracruzana México en el área de salud. Líneas de investigación: el estudio del impacto psicosocial que producen las prácticas violentas y la formación de psicólogos; género; y Prácticas Psicosociales e intervención grupal.
Permanent Implantation of Peripheral
Nerve Stimulator for Combat Injury-related
Ilioinguinal Neuralgia
Authors: Han Tae-Hyung
Published: March 2021

A peripheral nerve stimulator (PNS) can be an alternative for long-term pain relief
refractory to conventional therapeutic modalities. We present a case of chronic
incapacitating ilioinguinal neuralgia, which was successfully managed with permanent
implantation of a peripheral nerve stimulator. A 26-year-old active duty African
American man was referred to the University Pain Clinic with left ilioinguinal neuralgia
due to shrapnel injury during his military service 6 years prior to his visit. Most of the
shrapnel were surgically removed, but the patient subsequently developed left lower
abdominal pain. Multiple surgeries, including inguinal herniorrhaphy, varicocelectomy,
and orchiectomy, failed to provide satisfactory relief of his neuralgia. Other therapies
tried resulting in limited outcomes were multiple ilioinguinal nerve blocks and
cryoanalgesia. A trial of PNS was successful and the implantation of permanent leads
was carried out. At his 3-month visit, the patient reported to have minimal pain, was
tapered off oral analgesics, was able to return to work, and had resumed his normal
daily activities. Recent technological advances in programming software and surgical
techniques have led to renewed interest in PNS for the treatment of chronic refractory
peripheral nerve injury. Despite our limited understanding of its exact mechanism of
action, it can be considered as a therapeutic potential for a few carefully selected,
intractable cases. Its minimally invasive and reversible features make PNS a favorable
option for these patients. The stringent and rigorous screening procedures for suitable
candidacy, documentation of previously failed treatments, psychiatric evaluation, and
3–5 days of preplacement trial, improve the success rate.
Key words: Neuralgia, ilioinguinal, trauma, peripeheral nerve stimulator
Improved PV Soiling Extraction through the Detection of Cleanings and Change Points
Authors: Micheli Leonardo , Theristis Marios , Livera Andreas , Stein Joshua S. , Georghiou George E. , Muller Matthew , Almonacid Florencia , Fernandez Eduardo F.
Published: March 2021

Accepted Manuscript (Postprint): L. Micheli et al., “Improved PV Soiling Extraction through the Detection of Cleanings and Change Points,” IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Volume: 11, Issue: 2, March 2021.
Masking Real Unemployment: The Overall and Racial Impact of Survey Non-Response on Measured Labor Market Outcomes
Authors: Cai Yixia , Baker Dean
Published: March 2021

A large and growing percentage of households are missed in the monthly Current Population Survey (CPS). For the survey as a whole, the rate of nonresponse is roughly 13 percent. This is higher for Blacks, with the share for young Black men being about 30 percent. The BLS’s current methodology effectively assumes that, with adjustment for various characteristics, people who are not included in a follow-up survey may not differ systematically from those who are included. The present paper, however, provides evidence that this may not be the case. With the rotation panel structure of the CPS data from 2003 to 2019, we investigate bias from nonresponse in CPS and its association with one’s prior labor market status, paying particular attention to how the relationship differs by race, ethnicity, and gender. Our analysis suggests that people are considerably more likely to be missing in a subsequent observation if they are unemployed or not in the labor force in the prior observation. We also estimate what the real labor market outcomes might have been when adjusting for nonresponse and undercoverage. Findings indicate that the current methodology may underestimate the national unemployment and labor force participation rates by about 0.7 and 1.2 percentage points, respectively. The gap between observed and adjusted unemployment rates tends to grow beginning in 2015. The unemployment rate is more understated for Blacks than for whites, particularly with a gap of about 3.3 percentage points for young Black men (age 16 to 34).
ANÁLISE DA PRODUÇÃO SOBRE DANÇA PARA PESSOAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA:
UM ESTUDO BIBLIOGRÁFICO
Authors: Ligoski Ana Karoline , Pedroso Bruno , Alves Mylena Aparecida Rodrigues
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: A prática da dança tem se tornado cada vez mais popular. Estudos sobre esta área são de fundamental importância, visto que seu cenário tem mudado e suas contribuições permitem uma capacidade de inclusão de forma interativa e participativa, além de ser uma alternativa terapêutica para seus praticantes. Desse modo, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar a produção científica sobre a dança no contexto da qualidade de vida de pessoas com deficiência, por meio de um estudo bibliográfico. Métodos: Para tal, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases indexadoras Scopus, PubMed e SciELO, seguindo as etapas proposta por Marconi e Lakatos (2007). Resultados: Após a triagem, resultou-se em 15 artigos científicos para análises. Conclusões: Conclui-se que os artigos científicos retornados foram praticamente unânimes no que diz respeito à eficácia da prática da dança para a melhora da qualidade de vida de pessoas com deficiência.
PERFIL E ANÁLISE DA PRODUÇÃO TÉCNICO-CIENTÍFICA DOS LÍDERES DE GRUPOS DE PESQUISA DO CNPQ NA ÁREA DA TERCEIRA IDADE
Authors: Weiber Emanuely Almeida , Pedroso Bruno , Alves Mylena Aparecida Rodrigues
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Publicações que agrupem dados sobre a produção acadêmica relacionada ao envelhecimento, bem como o perfil dos pesquisadores que concentram seus estudos nessa área, não têm sido encontrados na literatura. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar o perfil e analisar a produção científica líderes de grupos de pesquisa da área do envelhecimento, cadastrados no Diretório de Grupos de Pesquisa (DGP) do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Métodos: Após identificação dos pesquisadores no DGP do CNPq, a contabilização da produção no quadriênio 2013-2016, foi realizada a partir de seus currículos Lattes, por meio do software scriptLattes v8.10. Resultados: Foi contabilizada a produção de artigos publicados em periódicos, congressos, livros coletâneas, capítulos de livro, produções técnicas, produções artísticas e orientações. Conclusões: Conclui-se que a maioria absoluta dos líderes está vinculado a instituições da região sudeste ou sul do Brasil, têm maior concentração de orientações em nível de mestrado e graduação, priorizam a produção bibliográfica – com ênfase nos periódicos nacionais da área da Enfermagem e/ou Saúde Pública – classificados nos estratos superiores do Qualis.
CHARACTERISTICS AND THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF THE NOVEL FREE RADICAL SCAVENGER – EDARAVONE
Authors:   Azerbaijan State Agrarian University, Mikayil Aliyev Mirza , Yunis Safarova Ulduz ,   Azerbaijan State Agrarian University, Jahangir Jafarova Shafiqa ,   Azerbaijan State Agrarian University
Published: March 2021

Edaravone is the first free radical scavenger which approved clinically and has an ability to decrease the level of free radicals in cells. Edaravone is a strong antioxidant, which can protect different cells (e.g. endothelial cells) against damage by ROS by inhibiting the lipoxygenase metabolism of arachidonic acid, by trapping hydroxyl radicals, by increasing prostacyclin production, by inhibiting alloxan-induced lipid peroxidation, etc. Because of that, Edaravone is used in treatment of diseases which are associated with oxidative stress. Key words: edaravone, free radical, antioxidant, neuroprotective agent, oxidative stress
Basic features of calculating field characteristics of meteorological quantities
Authors:   Milli Aviasiya Akademiyası, Nofal Gojayeva Gasimova Sevda
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the main characteristics of the field characteristics of meteorological quantities. One of the main priorities now facing aviation meteorology is to use numerical prediction models for the development of weather forecasts to ensure the regularity and reliability of modern meteorological flights. In this regard, the analysis of the basic characteristics of the field characteristics of meteorological quantities is practical. The use of numerical prediction models in the design of weather forecasts provides the basis for their reliability. Key words: weather pressure, weather temperature, weather humidity, forecast model
Reciprocal Complementary Distance Energy of Complement of Line Graphs of Regular Graphs
Authors: RAMANE Harishchandra , PARVATHALU B
Published: March 2021

The reciprocal complementary distance ($RCD$) matrix of a graph $G$ is defined as $RCD(G) = [r_{ij}]$, where $r_{ij} = \frac{1}{1+D-d_{ij}}$ if $i \neq j$ and $r_{ij} = 0$, otherwise, where $D$ is the diameter of $G$ and $d_{ij}$ is the distance between the vertices $v_i$ and $v_j$ in $G$. The $RCD$-energy of $G$ is defined as the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of $RCD$-matrix. Two graphs are said to be $RCD$-equienergetic if they have same $RCD$-energy. In this paper, the $RCD$-energy of the complement of line graphs of certain regular graphs in terms of the order and degree is obtained and as a consequence, pairs of $RCD$-equienergetic graphs of same order and having different $RCD$-eigenvalues are constructed.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Pemanfaatan Pos Pembinaan Terpadu Penyakit Tidak Menular
Authors: Febriani Christin Angelina , Perdana Agung Aji , Sari Tati Diana
Published: March 2021

Hampir tiga perempat dari semua kematian penyakit tidak menular  dan 82% dari 16 juta orang yang meninggal sebelum mencapai usia 70 tahun, terjadi pada penduduk berpenghasilan rendah dan menengah. Munculnya PTM disebabkan empat faktor risiko utama: penggunaan tembakau, aktivitas fisik, konsumsi alkohol dan diet yang tidak sehat. Tujuan penelitian diketahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan Pos Pembinaan Terpadu Penyakit Tidak Menular. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi sumber penelitian ini masyarakat di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tegineneng Kabupaten Pesawaran sebanyak 27.208 Jiwa, sampel sebanyak 385 pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang sudah diuji validitas dan realibilitas pada penelitian sebelumnya, analisis data secara univariat untuk mendapatkan gambaran umum tentang tiap variabel, bivariat dengan uji chi square dan multivariat menggunakan analisis regresi linier logistik berganda. Hasil penelitian di dapatkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan ekonomi, tingkat pendidikan  dengan pemanfaatan posbindu  dan ada hubungan persepsi, sikap, peran petugas kesehatan, dukungan keluarga dan akses dengan pemanfaatan posbindu. Sikap merupakan faktor yang paling dominan dalam pemanfaatan posbindu  jika dibandingkan faktor yang lainnya karena Exp (B) paling besar yaitu nilai OR 4,060.
Amar de verdad los textos: hibridaciones fílmicas en la escritura de Javier Marías
Authors: López López Carmen María
Published: March 2021

Partiendo de la premisa metodológica de la traducción intersemiótica de Jakobson (1959), este estudio aspira a diseñar un marco teórico acerca de las estrategias del lenguaje fílmico en la escritura de Javier Marías. Un punto clave común a todas ellos es la condición inherente de lo cinematográfico. Esto significa que, en contraste con otros documentos visuales (fotografías, mapas o cuadros), reproducidos por Marías en las novelas, el cine se integra en una dimensión verbal, mediante la palabra. En síntesis, este estudio distingue diversos criterios (verbalización, superposición y pluralidad) acerca de los mecanismos fílmicos, ofreciendo un aspecto de su obra que todavía no ha sido tenido en consideración por la crítica especializada.
Der weltweit Größte seiner Art
Authors: Regenhardt Alexander
Published: March 2021

Im Auftrag eines asiatischen Kunden hat Ringspann den bis dato weltweit größten Gehäusefreilauf der Technikgeschichte fertiggestellt. Er kommt im Energierückgewinnungs- system einer petrochemischen Anlage zum Einsatz. Hier entfaltet er als verschleißfreie Überholkupplung bei 1400 U/min ein maximales Nenndrehmoment von 81 850 Nm.
Berücksichtigung zyklischer Materialdegradation in der Crashsimulation kurzfaserverstärkter Thermoplaste/Consideration of Cyclic Material Degradation in the Crash Simulation of Short-fibre-reinforced Thermoplastics
Authors: Witzgall Christian , Huber Martin , Wartzack Sandro
Published: March 2021

INHALT Alles altert – auch Bauteile aus kurzfaserverstärktem Kunststoff, wie sie im modernen Kraftfahrzeugbau häufig eingesetzt werden. Durch eine tausendfach wiederholte mecha- nische Beanspruchung aus Gebrauchslastfällen kommt es zu einer Degradation der mechanischen Eigenschaften, die auch das Crashverhalten der Struktur beeinflusst. Durch Nutzung von Materialdaten, die aus neuwertigen Materialproben gewonnen wurden, bleibt dieser Effekt jedoch derzeit in der Beurteilung der Crashsicherheit unberücksichtigt. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt daher eine Methode vor, die eine Berücksichtigung der Auswirkungen dieser Materialdegradation in der numerischen Crashsimulation – und damit eine Beurteilung der Crashsicherheit in verschiedenen Lebensphasen – erlaubt.
CAD-Gestaltmodellierung in VR für die frühe Entwurfsphase/CAD Shape Modeling in VR for the Early Design Phase
Authors: Fechter Marius , Schleich Benjamin , Wartzack Sandro
Published: March 2021

INHALT Virtual Reality bietet neben der stereoskopischen Visualisierung zusätzlich die Möglichkeit der natürlichen Interaktion mit virtuellen Objekten ähnlich der Interaktion mit phy-sischen Objekten in der Realität. Der nachfolgende Beitrag beschreibt eine auf Fingertracking basierende Methode, mit der die Gestalt eines frühen Entwurfs innerhalb einer virtuellen Umgebung in einer CAD-Anwendung synthetisiert werden kann.
Digitalisierung der Zuführtechnik
Authors: Hofmann Daniel
Published: March 2021

Jedes Produktionsgut muss irgendwie in die Produktionsanlage gelangen. Genau das macht Zuführtechnik. Sie ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil der automatisierten Produktion. Technologische Felder wie Digitale Zwillinge und künstliche Intelligenz bieten heute die Möglichkeit zur Digitalisierung der Zuführtechnik. Der Beitrag befasst sich mit innovativen digitalen Prozessen zur Machbarkeitsanalyse einer Zuführaufgabe, zur Entwicklung von Zuführsystemen sowie zum After Sales & Service. Als Maschinenbasis für die Digitalisierung der Zuführtechnik dienen zwei vibrationsförderbasierte Zuführsysteme.
Proposing change in university entrance examinations: A tale of two metaphors
Authors: Allen David
Published: March 2021

This article describes a recent education reform initiative concerning English education in Japan, specifically the proposed introduction of four-skills tests as part of the university entrance admissions process. The first aim is to summarize, in English, some of the key issues and events concerning the reform. To this end, background information and a timeline of key events since 2016 is provided. The second aim is to contrast proposals made by two academic organizations, the Japan Language Testing Association (JLTA) and the Science Council of Japan: Language and Literature Committee (SCJ). It is shown that, while agreeing on a number of specific issues related to the reform, these two organizations take starkly different positions in terms of their general orientation, which, it is argued, reflects the background of the organizational members and their views on foreign language education in Japan. These contrasting positions are discussed with reference to the metaphor, to throw the baby out with the bathwater. Finally, it is argued that a number of criticisms levelled at the proposed use of private four-skills tests illustrate a reluctance to engage with issues related to the currently used university entrance exams; in other words, these criticisms are made while ignoring the elephant in the room.
Budgeters’ Perceptions of the Scope, Support, and Patterns of Implementation of Performance Budgeting in Texas Cities
Authors: Hijal-Moghrabi Imane
Published: March 2021

This study views performance budgeting as a budget innovation, and examines how this innovation tool has been diffused across the largest cities in the State of Texas, emphasizing the scope and patterns of implementation of this innovation in the context of a state with comprehensive performance budgeting legislation. The study also reports the perceptions of city budgeters vis-à-vis the external and internal factors that may support the use of performance measures in budgeting at the local level, using survey data from a sample of Texas cities with population over 50,000. The results of the study reveal that although performance laws set up the general framework for performance budgeting, they do not seem to generate a uniform pattern of implementation. Cities in our sample are found at different stages of performance budgeting implementation, and have developed different patterns of budgetary practices.
Receiving a toluelenediisocyanate with use bis(trichloromethyl)carbonate
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise ", Golubeva Yulia Yu. ,   State Research Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology",   State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation, Sokhadze Lyudmila A. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise "State Research Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology"  State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation, Turygin Vitaly V. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise "State Research Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology"  State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation, Kazakov Pavel V. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise "State Research Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology"  State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation, Derevyagina Irina D. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise "State Research Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology"  State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

Toluelenediisocyanate – large-capacity reagent with a wide scope. The main quantity (85% of world production) of a toluelenediisocyanate is used for receiving polyurethane foam. The main way of receiving a toluelenediisocyanate is interaction of a toluelenediamine with carbonyl-chloride. If in the industry use of carbonylchloride as carbonylating agents have no difficulties, then in laboratory they exist. Carbonylchloride is inaccessible in the market. Usually it is received at the same enterprises at which further use. Now, as alternative and commercially available carbonylating agents, use bis(trichlormethyl)carbonate. Bis(trichlormethyl)carbonate a possibility of use in synthesis of aryldiisocyanates is directly connected with its physical properties, bis(trichlormethyl)carbonate represents steady crystal connection. Therefore its use in reaction of carbonylation of amines is more convenient, than gaseous carbonylchloride. There was a need for definition of optimum conditions of carrying out process of receiving this aryldiisocyanate with a satisfactory exit, because of inconsistency of references. For achievement of goals of a research – receiving a toluelenediisocyanate with use the bis(trichlorme-thyl)carbonate – we defined conditions of solubility of a toluelenediamine and the bis(trichlormethyl)carbonate in benzenechloride, influence of their molar ratio on an aryldiisocyanate exit is studied, also need of use of surplus is proved the bis(trichlormethyl)carbonate for suppression of course of collateral reactions. The offered method allows carrying out reaction to one stage, also to refuse low temperature at a stage of introduction of amine and it is essential to reduce synthesis time. This method can be used both in laboratory practice and in the production of isocyanates in industrial conditions.
Analysis of water state adsorbed by cellulose fibers
Authors:   Volga State University of Technology, Masas Daria S. , Ivanova Maria S. ,   Volga State University of Technology, Gogelashvili Gocha Sh. ,   Volga State University of Technology, Maslennikov Alexander S. ,   Volga State University of Technology, Grunin Yury B. ,   Moscow State University, Grunina Tatiana Yu. ,   Moscow State University
Published: March 2021

Modernized model of microfibril cellulose layered structure is proposed. This model considers presence of slit-shaped micropores in space between elementary fibrils and cellulose microfibrils. It’s discussed the nature of donor-acceptor hydrogen bonds formation: intra-, intermolecular, and interlayer bonds inherent in each glucopyranous cellulose link. It’s described the mechanism of water molecules specific adsorption interactions in a monolayer with active centers located on the hydrophilic surfaces of elementary fibrils. Dipole-dipole energy transition into energy of hydrogen bond is discussed during adsorption process between active centers of cellulose and water adsorptive molecules. Analysis of water molecules dipole-dipole interactions with surface hydroxyl groups of cellulose showed that at distance of 2.5-3 Å energy of this interaction transforms into energy of hydrogen bond. It is discussed the formation mechanism of water molecules donor-acceptor bonds with cellulose surface hydroxyl groups. Thermodynamic parameters characterizing adsorbate state the in these layers are determined by proton magnetic relaxation and sorption measurements. It’s established the possibility of determining adsorption net heat in bilayer considering Arrhenius nature of adsorbate thermal molecular motions correlation times. Increase in entropy of adsorbed water during adsorption process is revealed basis on Vant Hoff equation and certain adsorption equilibrium constant. The calculation established that distance between nearest active centers of cellulose is 6.5 Å. This leads to disunity of adsorbed water molecules and allows application of Langmuir and BET adsorption theory. Analysis of spin-lattice relaxation times dependence on cellulose moisture content made it possible to establish the cause of its crystallite wedging from adsorbed water molecules at adsorption initial stages. Decline of the spin-lattice relaxation unambiguously indicates the process of cellulose dispersion into its structural elements. It was established that during adsorption a part of the internal regions of crystallites passes to their surface with participation of cellulose hydroxyl groups. During desorption reverse process is observed.
Complexes of metal salts of groups I-VIII with trialkyl (aryl) phosphates
Authors:   Chuvash State University, Zinovieva Elena G. , Efimov Vladimir A. ,   Chuvash State University
Published: March 2021

The reactions of various inorganic salts of metals of groups I-VIII in the Periodic Table with trialkyl(aryl)phosphate compounds obtained new multifunctional complexes. Modern methods of physicochemical analysis studied the laws of complexation reactions. The influence of the nature and molar ratio of the starting trialkyl(aryl)phosphates, metal salts and their crystalline hydrates on the nature of the reactions between them has been revealed. It has been shown that organic phosphates with aromatic radicals are less reactive compared to trialkylphosphates. The presence of crystallization water in metal salts leads to a decrease in the rate of their reactions with trialkyl(aryl)phosphates. The most chemically active with respect to the trialkyl(aryl)phosphate compounds were tin and titanium tetrachlorides. Synthesized metalcomplex compounds were investigated as modifiers of polymer compositions. For polymer compositions, their viability was studied, which was determined by the gelation time and the compatibility of the composition with the metal complex; hardened polymer samples were tested according to standart methods for breaking stress at break, impact strength, elongation, resistance to aggressive chemical substance and fire resistance using the fire tube method. We have developed a method of obtaining epoxy polymers by carrying out two processes – partial polymerization of the epoxy oligomer with solutions of trialkylphosphate complexes with Lewis acids in the corresponding trialkylphosphates at room temperature and the subsequent confirmation of the resulting prepolymer with triethylentetramine at 80 °C. It was revealed that trialkyl(aryl)phosphate complexes of metals are promising catalysts, modifiers and flame retardants for large-capacity polymers.
Catalytic oxidation of cation exchanger KU-2×8 with an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide
Authors:   Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Kozlova Marina M. , Bobylev Artem E. ,   Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Maskaeva Larisa N. ,   Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Markov Vyacheslav F. ,   Ural State Fire Service Institute  of Emergency Ministry of Russia, Smolnikov Maxim I. ,   Ural State Fire Service Institute  of Emergency Ministry of Russia
Published: March 2021

During the operation of nuclear power plants, spent ion-exchange resins are formed, which are heterogeneous radioactive low-level waste in the form of particles from a cross-linked organic polymer. Such resins may not always be regenerated. Therefore, the disposal of spent ion exchange resins is currently one of the primary problems at nuclear power plants. Conventional technologies for the processing of waste resins are relatively expensive. In addition, there are difficulties with transportation and storage of waste, and the disposal of spent ion exchange resins is a complex process. In the present study, an attempt has been made to solve the problem of spent ion-exchange resins utilization on example of the sulfonic acid cation exchanger’s KU-2×8 oxidative degradation with the Fenton reaction. The decomposition of the cation exchanger was carried out with 20% hydrogen peroxide in the temperature range 323-353 K in the presence of a catalyst – low concentration copper(II) sulfate (0.001-0.009 mmol/l). The influence of process temperature and catalyst concentration on the reaction rate was estimated. When determining the rate of the cation exchanger KU-2×8 heterogeneous oxidation reaction with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalytic additive, the spherical shape of the sorbent granules, the surface area of which changed during reaction, was taken into account. It was shown that with a reaction temperature increasing from 323 to 353 K, the rate constant of cation exchanger's oxidative decomposition have increased by a factor of 20-37. The activation energy values of the sulfonic acid cation exchanger's KU-2×8 decomposition with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of copper(II) sulfate are 89.7-115.2 kJ/mol, which indicates that the process is in the kinetic mode. It was established with electron-microscopic studies that the beads of the cation exchanger KU-2×8, when decomposed in H2O2 solution in the presence of a catalyst can stick together, change their shape and volume, and their surface becomes covered with cracks. The studies performed showed almost complete catalytic decomposition of cation exchanger KU-2×8 in a hydrogen peroxide solution at 323-353 K after 420-220 minutes, which allows accelerating the oxidation at relatively low temperatures.
A study of the catalytic properties of mesoporous silica doped with dysprosium and modified with copper on the example of xylene hydrogenation
Authors:   Samara University, Tokranov Alexander A. , Filippova Elena O. ,   Samara University, Shafigulin Roman V. ,   Samara University, Shmelev Alexander A. ,   Samara University, Bulanova Andzhela V. ,   Samara University
Published: March 2021

Catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons is one of the most important reactions in industry. The use of copper as a modifier of silica is beneficial both from an economic point of view and from the point of view of ease of modification. The catalytic properties of a mesoporous structured material modified by copper (Cu/MCM) and a mesoporous structured material (MCM) doped with dysprosium and modified copper (Dy-Cu/MCM) synthesized by the template method were studied in xylene hydrogenation reactions. The textural characteristics of the catalysts obtained were studied by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption, ICP, XRF, XRD, SEM, TEM. To determine the specific surface area, the BET model was used with a relative partial pressure P/P0 0.05-0.3. The total pore volume and size distribution of meso- and macroporous was calculated from the desorption curve using the BJH model. With the help of the ICP-method, the metals were also quantitatively determined using the absolute calibration method. For the analysis of microporous, the DFT density functional method was used. The study of the kinetics of hydrogenation of o, m, p-xylenes was carried out in the temperature range 130-170 °C and a hydrogen pressure of 3 atm. The kinetics of gas-phase hydrogenation reactions was studied in a static mode using the method of gas chromatography, on the original setup, which allows on-line analysis of the reaction mixture. The xylene conversions on Cu/MCM and Dy-Cu/MCM catalysts are calculated at various reaction temperatures.
Effect of Foot Reflexology on Reduction of Labour Pain Among Primigravida Mothers
Authors: Mohan, RN, RM Manju , Varghese, RN, RM Linda
Published: March 2021

Background: Reflexology may help induce labour and reduce pain during childbirth. Fear of pain associated with childbirth leads to increase in the irregular use of cesarean method. Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of reflexology on relieving labour pain and assess the recipient’s opinion regarding foot reflexology. Setting: The study taken place in the labour room, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kerala, South India. Participants: 50 primigravida patients experiencing labour. Research Design: A quasi-experimental study design was used. Subjects were selected by convenience sampling technique with the first 25 patients allocated to the experimental group and the successive 25 primigravida mothers to a time-control group, to avoid data contamination. Intervention: Intervention consisted of foot reflexology applied by a trained therapist to five pressure points of both feet that correspond to the uterus. Total intervention time lasted 20 minutes. Control group rested quietly for 20 minutes to serve as a time control. Main Outcome Measure(s): Pain associated with labour was recorded on a visual analogue scale immediately prior to intervention, and at 20- and 40-minutes postintervention. Patient satisfaction with reflexology treatment was recorded. Results: Mean baseline pain score in foot reflexology group was significantly reduced across the study timeframe relative to control group (p < .001). Post hoc tests confirmed a reduction in labour pain at both the 20-min (p < .001, 95%CI 0.764–1.796) and 40-min (p < .001, 95%CI 0.643–1.677) time points. Eighty-one per cent of patients would recommend reflexology during labour. Conclusion: The findings showed that foot reflexology was effective in relief of labour pain, with a high degree of patient satisfaction in primigravida mothers.
Effect of fasting on freshwater angelfish Pterophyllum scalare (Lichtenstein; Pisces: Cichlidae) development
Authors: Motta Jonas Henrique , Glória Leonardo , De Souza André Batista , Fosse Filho João Carlos , Polese Marcelo , Vidal Jr. Manuel
Published: March 2021

We tested the effect of fasting on the development of juvenile freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare). The juveniles were subjected to different fasting periods (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days of fasting). Fish from all treatments were fed for 30 days after the fasting period. No difference (P > 0.05) was observed between treatments for final weight and length. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in treatments 12 and 15 days fasting for liver and intestine weight. These results may prove that 12 and 15 days of fasting force juveniles to use energy reserves, and these adaptations may also represent a saving energy strategy. The fish subjected to treatments 6, 9, 12, and 15 days of fasting showed different vacuolization in hepatocytes from the ones subjected to 0 and 3 days of fasting (P < 0.05). These results show that during the lack of feeding, juveniles (P. scalare) mobilizes energy stored in the liver. No difference (P > 0.05) was observed between treatments for survival rate. However, the increase in the number of deaths from the eighth day of fasting may indicate that periods with more than 15 days of fasting could be fatal to this species during this life stage. According to our findings, it can be assumed that juvenile freshwater angelfishes have strategies (e.g. a decrease in liver and intestine weight) to resist 15 days of fasting.
A hybrid model for forecasting of particulate matter concentrations based on multiscale characterization and machine learning techniques
Authors: Shah Syed Ahsin Ali , Aziz Wajid , Almaraashi Majid , Nadeem Malik Sajjad Ahmed , Habib Nazneen , Shim Seong-O
Published: March 2021

Accurate prediction of particulate matter (PM) using time series data is a challenging task. The recent advancements in sensor technology, computing devices, nonlinear computational tools, and machine learning (ML) approaches provide new opportunities for robust prediction of PM concentrations. In this study, we develop a hybrid model for forecasting PM10 and PM2.5 based on the multiscale characterization and ML techniques. At first, we use the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm for multiscale characterization of PM10 and PM2.5 by decomposing the original time series into numerous intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Different individual ML algorithms such as random forest (RF), support vector regressor (SVR), k-nearest neighbors (kNN), feed forward neural network (FFNN), and AdaBoost are then used to develop EMD-ML models. The air quality time series data from Masfalah air station Makkah, Saudi Arabia are utilized for validating the EMD-ML models, and results are compared with non-hybrid ML models. The PMs (PM10 and PM2.5) concentrations data of Dehli, India are also utilized for validating the EMD-ML models. The performance of each model is evaluated using root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). The average bias in the predictive model is estimated using mean bias error (MBE). Obtained results reveal that EMD-FFNN model provides the lowest error rate for both PM10 (RMSE = 12.25 and MAE = 7.43) and PM2.5 (RMSE = 4.81 and MAE = 3.02) using Misfalah, Makkah data whereas EMD-kNN model provides the lowest error rate for PM10 (RMSE = 20.56 and MAE = 12.87) and EMD-AdaBoost provides the lowest error rate for PM2.5 (RMSE = 15.29 and MAE = 9.45) using Dehli, India data. The findings also reveal that EMD-ML models can be effectively used in forecasting PM mass concentrations and to develop rapid air quality warning systems.
Detection of glaucoma using retinal fundus images: A comprehensive review
Authors: Shabbir Amsa , Rasheed Aqsa , Shehraz Huma , Saleem Aliya , Zafar Bushra , Sajid Muhammad , Ali Nouman , Dar Saadat Hanif , Shehryar Tehmina
Published: March 2021

Content-based image analysis and computer vision techniques are used in various health-care systems to detect the diseases. The abnormalities in a human eye are detected through fundus images captured through a fundus camera. Among eye diseases, glaucoma is considered as the second leading case that can result in neurodegeneration illness. The inappropriate intraocular pressure within the human eye is reported as the main cause of this disease. There are no symptoms of glaucoma at earlier stages and if the disease remains unrectified then it can lead to complete blindness. The early diagnosis of glaucoma can prevent permanent loss of vision. Manual examination of human eye is a possible solution however it is dependant on human efforts. The automatic detection of glaucoma by using a combination of image processing, artificial intelligence and computer vision can help to prevent and detect this disease. In this review article, we aim to present a comprehensive review about the various types of glaucoma, causes of glaucoma, the details about the possible treatment, details about the publicly available image benchmarks, performance metrics, and various approaches based on digital image processing, computer vision, and deep learning. The review article presents a detailed study of various published research models that aim to detect glaucoma from low-level feature extraction to recent trends based on deep learning. The pros and cons of each approach are discussed in detail and tabular representations are used to summarize the results of each category. We report our findings and provide possible future research directions to detect glaucoma in conclusion.
Comparación del impacto de libros y artículos de investigadores españoles de comunicación a través de Google Scholar en 2019
Authors: Marzal-Felici Javier , Rodríguez-Serrano Aarón , Soler-Campillo María
Published: March 2021

En este artículo se propone un análisis del impacto de la investigación en comunicación a través del estudio comparado de la citación en los principales formatos de publicación -libros y artículos- en las áreas de periodismo y de comunicación audiovisual y publicidad. Para ello, se han tomado como referencia las tres publicaciones de mayor impacto de 281 investigadores de universidades públicas españolas, contando así con 843 trabajos que han arrojado un total de 72.993 citas según Google Scholar. La investigación concluye la convivencia armónica de formatos en este campo, si bien los libros muestran un mayor recorrido temporal mientras que las revistas son claramente elegidas por los investigadores de menor edad. Dichas conclusiones son finalmente contextualizadas en el marco de las actuales políticas de la investigación en España.
Strategies for Digital Transformation of the Public Acquisitions Systems
Authors: Fernández-Villacañas Marín Manuel Antonio
Published: March 2021

This chapter aims to study the digital transformation strategies of public management and, within this, the analysis of the main aspects of the transformation of the public acquisition system. It is based on the new public management approach, its evolution towards post-new public management, as well as other strategic derived approaches, such as all government, good government, united government, or government of the digital age. The application of lean and agile methodologies is a great facilitator to support the digital transformation processes of public administration, and far from being incompatible, they are complementary and combinable. This work focuses on the design of strategies for the restructuring of public investment and procurement systems, a critical part of public management, making them more effective and efficient, seeking a greater rationalization of public spending, as well as avoiding waste and corruption.