bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peste e morte num ofício: hipótese de análise para a renovação dos tabeliães de Lisboa entre 1360 e 1370
Authors: Ferreira Ana Pereira
Published: April 2020

Dar a conhecer as implicações que determinados acontecimentos da centúria de Trezentos trouxeram para os homens que detinham a auctoritas da escrita pública, é o propósito desta reflexão. Procura-se, por isso, compreender algumas das mudanças que possam ter ocorrido no corpo de oficiais da escrita – especialmente no tabelionado olisiponense da década de 60 para 70 - e como essas mutações se repercutiram no exercício da profissão e no relacionamento com as suas clientelas. De lembrar que estes homens se deslocavam por toda a cidade, desde mosteiros a tribunais, ao paço e claro, às casas dos clientes. Sendo o séc. XIV português um período por excelência de produção documental e especialmente - devido à mortandade - de testamentos, não é de todo descabido que estes homens tenham tido uma exposição excessiva a factores de contágio e à morte. Os próprios tabeliães podiam tornar-se móbil de propagação da doença, ainda mais quando conviviam entre si nos scriptoria e nas confrarias de que faziam parte. Terá sido a peste negra um factor essencial para as mudanças dos rostos do tabelionado régio de Lisboa, não só por alterações semelhantes aquando o grande surto de 1348 e as epidemias sucessivas, mas pelas consequências demográficas que se terão operado na sociedade de então.
Le bréviaire manuscrit au Moyen Âge (XIe-XVe siècle)
Authors: Riveault Mélanie
Published: April 2020

Par ce papier, nous nous proposons d’établir un bref état de la question de l’apparition et de l’évolution du bréviaire. Ce dernier permet de réciter l’office du jour et de la nuit et donc les heures canoniales. Il est apparu en tant qu’objet liturgique au XIe siècle mais le terme latin ne date que du XIIe siècle. Il sert dans le cadre d’une récitation publique ou privée selon l’usage qu’il en est fait durant le Moyen Âge. D’origine monastique, il s’étend rapidement au monde séculier. Il comprend un décor composé principalement, du XIe au début du XIVe siècle, d’initiales historiées. On peut résumer ce dernier en trois cycle distincts correspondants aux sections textuelles primaires du bréviaire. À partir du XIVe siècle, il connaît une évolution fulgurante qui en changera complètement les usages et les décors. Ces derniers seront plus riches et imposants.
Descobrir a indumentária eclesiástica no Portugal do Século XIV através da tumulária
Authors: Sá João Correia de
Published: April 2020

A indumentária assume, no seio da escultura tumular medieval um papel preponderante, quer na identificação, quer na individualização dos personagens sepultados. O clero não é uma exceção a essa regra e o presente estudo procura dar a entender a forma de trajar desta classe social através dos seus túmulos. Para tal, recorrer-se-á ao conhecimento dos diferentes tipos de indumentária representados nos jacentes eclesiásticos portugueses do século XIV, a procura por alguma evolução na forma de vestir durante essa mesma centúria e ainda, dentro da hierarquia clerical. Ainda que separadas geograficamente, analisar também se estas peças possuem ou não uma linguagem artística uniforme, por de entre as diversas realidades locais – escolas e oficinais –, salientando os elementos pontuais que revelem o carácter muitas vezes singular de determinadas obras.
Terminology on defensive structures in Portuguese medieval documents
Authors: Mariani Andrea
Published: April 2020

The aim of this paper is to study the terminology related to the defensive elements used, mentioned, or included by the Medieval Portuguese documents. In particular, we will focus on the area of the Diocese of Oporto (North of Portugal) between the 11th and 12th century. The words used to identify these elements are not always obvious. In particular, the term mons calls for a specific analysis, the results of which could have, in part, criticized the traditional Portuguese historiography on castelologia. The comparison between the case of Oporto and another European reality - the micro-region of Brianza (North of Milan, Lombardy, Italy) – will highlight its peculiarity.
Froila Gonçalves. O condado de Coimbra, caudilhismo de fronteira e a defensio de cenóbios no Ocidente Peninsular
Authors: Gonçalves Pedro Alexandre
Published: April 2020

Nas últimas décadas do século X, perante um poder régio cada vez mais decadente emanado a partir de Leão, observou-se nas regiões periféricas deste reino uma crescente autonomização. Entre estas encontrava-se o condado de Coimbra, nas mãos de magnates descendentes do seu presor, que, contudo, pereceu perante al-Mansūr e a sua política agressiva face aos poderes cristãos do Norte peninsular a partir dos anos 987-988. Todavia, em parte deste território, ter-se-á formado um pequeno protectorado cliente do poder de Córdova, governado pelo filho de um antigo conde, que terá aceitado a soberania daqueles e prestar-lhes homenagem. Nos três decénios que se seguem, sensivelmente, Froila Gonçalves terá o controlo do condado, administrando-o e participando em acções militares punitivas contra os cristãos do Norte, além de se relacionar proximamente com o mosteiro de São Vicente e São Salvador da Vacariça. Assim, a partir de documentos originários desta abadia e da de Lorvão, procuramos demonstrar a importância que este nobre Froila deteve, através do seu governo, na afirmação daquele, tanto em vida como após a morte, ajudando-o a tornar-se a principal instituição monástica na região para o século XI.
A Crónica Geral de Espanha de 1344 entre os séculos XIV e XV
Authors: Tibúrcio Catarina
Published: April 2020

A proposta de participação que apresentei à organização do Congresso dos Jovens Investigadores em Idade Média começa por uma breve abordagem explicativa do contexto histórico no qual surgiu a primeira redação da Crónica Geral de Espanha de 1344 e das relações histórico-filológicas entre a primeira e a segunda redações desta Crónica de 1344 e a Crónica de Portugal de 1419. É no âmbito das bibliotecas régias e principescas constituídas durante os reinados de D. João I (1385-1433) e de D. Duarte (1433-1438) que, de acordo com a tese que pretendo provar, residirá a génese de um presumível scriptorium de corte. Já porventura, produto da atividade desse scriptorium régio serão, dentre o final do século XIV e o início do século XV, a segunda redação da Crónica Geral de Espanha de 1344 e a redação da Crónica de Portugal de 1419. Todavia, a produção literária dos primeiros senhores da casa de Avis não se resumiu à encomenda de crónicas, antes se estendeu à tradução de uma grande variedade de textos, a par da produção autógrafa de tratados morais, filosóficos e políticos. Os resultados do estudo codicológico e artístico individual a oito códices iluminados de corte, do século XV português, onde toda essa produção literária está representada, seguiu para uma análise comparativa, no intuito de se perceber se, por essa via, seria possível confirmar ou refutar a hipótese de origem comum. O propósito criador destes textos – que vieram a materializar-se nos oito códices em observação – estava intimamente relacionado com uma estratégia de propaganda política que tomou como instrumento privilegiado, o documento escrito e que terá tido como ponto de partida, não por acaso, a refundição do texto da primeira redação da Crónica Geral de Espanha de 1344.
El pasado en el pasado: la arquitectura gótica como protagonista de los modelos de platería compostelana del siglo XIX a través de la obra de Ricardo Martínez
Authors: Pérez Varela Ana
Published: April 2020

El presente texto tiene como objetivo exponer la importancia del estilo del Gótico en la construcción de piezas de platería en la Compostela de finales del siglo XIX. Para ello, llevaremos a cabo una revisión de la formación del gusto estético anclado en el Gothic Revival y el calado que este movimiento tuvo en Galicia. Expondremos los principales autores, pioneros en la historiografía del arte gallego y a los extranjeros que, a través de su literatura de viajes, dejaron patente que el espíritu estético de la época anhelaba el pasado medieval. A continuación expondremos una serie de piezas inéditas del mejor platero compostelano del momento, Ricardo Martínez Costoya, figura que personifica con su obra la moda del Gótico para las piezas de platería que le fueron encargadas por los comitentes más importantes de la Compostela de la época. En ellas empleó el vocabulario constructivo gótico para crear auténticas microarquitecturas argénteas.
«Recordarás el día de tu salida de Egipto todos los días de tu vida»: Un estudio iconográfico de la salida de Egipto en las haggadot catalanas del siglo XIV
Authors: Barceló Plana Alba
Published: April 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la iconografía de la salida de los israelitas de Egipto que aparece en los ciclos bíblicos miniados de las haggadot catalanas del siglo XIV, manuscritos hebreos que recogen el texto que se lee durante la Pascua judía. En la mayoría de las haggadot catalanas, la expulsión de los israelitas se representa mediante un grupo de hebreos saliendo de una ciudad que, de acuerdo con el texto bíblico (Ex 12,33-42), llevan masa de pan sin fermentar mientras son observados por los egipcios. El esquema compositivo de las escenas es similar al de los manuscritos cristianos, si bien la dirección compositiva sigue el orden de la lectura hebrea, es decir, de derecha a izquierda. A pesar de las semejanzas evidentes, también se detectan motivos iconográficos generados a partir de ciertos comentarios rabínicos y traducciones e interpretaciones del texto bíblico característicos de los manuscritos hebreos. En cuanto al significado de la escena, algunos investigadores han sugerido una lectura en clave polémica que remitiría a las tensiones existentes entre las comunidades judía y cristiana. Esta lectura interpretativa, sin embargo, también se puede abordar teniendo en cuenta la imagen de la expulsión de los judíos en los manuscritos medievales.
Um palco e um cenário. A frontaria alentejana e as Guerras Fernandinas (1369-1382)
Authors: Nisa João
Published: April 2020

O território que hoje corresponde ao Alentejo, mais concretamente o que se encontra junto à fronteira com o antigo reino de Castela foi, durante toda a Idade Média, um dos mais importantes pontos de penetração em território nacional, se não mesmo o mais importante. Assim, durante o reinado de D. Fernando (1367-1383), a capacidade de resposta da comarca de Odiana, tanto ofensiva como defensiva, vai ser posta à prova. Este trabalho pretende demonstrar, através da análise das fontes disponíveis, sobretudo narrativas, como o poder régio conseguiu solucionar alguns dos problemas relacionados com a gestão e organização da guerra nesta região. Num âmbito mais alargado iremos observar a complexidade das relações fronteiriças luso-castelhanas, algo singulares, mas típicas da Baixa Idade Média europeia, caracterizadas por um tipo de operações militares de curta duração que tinham por objetivo enfraquecer a capacidade económica do inimigo e minar a sua soberania.
Regard sur les relations turco-russes
Authors: Marcou Jean , Çelikpala Mitat
Published: April 2020

Ce dossier a pour objet les relations turco-russes qui, depuis la période post-bipolaire, ont suivi un cours instable fait de rapprochements spectaculaires mais aussi de crises qui sont allées, au moins une fois, jusqu’à la rupture. Au cours des trois décennies qui ont suivi la guerre froide, en dépit de cette inconstance, c'est bien une convergence croissante qui s’est affirmée. Marquée par un ensemble d’initiatives politiques, économiques et culturelles,  ces dernières ont permis d’institutionnaliser les rapports entre les deux pays. Les relations économiques et notamment le commerce des hydrocarbures ont sans doute contribué au renforcement des rapports turco-russes. Cependant, on constate que la démarche qui a longtemps consisté à privilégier la convergence d’intérêts économiques, pour faire oublier les divergences politiques et stratégiques, est désormais révolue. La coopération qui s’est reconstruite entre les deux pays après l’épisode pénible de 2015-2016 le montre bien, car des antagonismes demeurent.
Vidéo en ligne et contestation politique radicale
Authors: Carlino Vincent
Published: April 2020

La vidéo en ligne est largement utilisée dans les mouvements de contestation. Les réseaux sociaux numériques permettent de diffuser les manifestations en direct depuis des smartphones. L’usage de la vidéo par des groupes militants marginalisés reste peu explorés. À partir du terrain de la contestation antinucléaire radicale, cet article entend contribuer à ce champ de recherche. La vidéo est considérée comme un moyen pour les militants marginalisés de participer au débat public. La réflexion montre que le potentiel mobilisateur des technologies doit être questionné. En effet, les militants envisagent la vidéo comme étant intégrée à la lutte sociale et politique. Ce faisant, ils se heurtent aux valeurs et aux normes de production de contenu des plateformes numériques de diffusion, notamment YouTube. La vidéo souligne alors les limites de l’engagement en ligne et son articulation nécessaire aux modes d’action traditionnels.
Les pratiques info-communicationnelles de la diaspora rifaine sur les réseaux socionumériques en situation de crise sociopolitique
Authors: Taibi Afaf , Lezon Rivière Anna , Ihadjadene Madjid
Published: April 2020

La question de la mobilisation des réseaux socionumériques (RSN) à des fins politiques soulève depuis quelques années de multiples débats dans plusieurs champs disciplinaires. L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier les pratiques info-communicationnelles de la diaspora rifaine1 en Europe, sur Facebook en particulier, en situation de crise sociopolitique. L’enquête ethnographique s’appuie sur une double approche : l’observation de 108 entités (comptes personnels, pages, groupes Facebook, et chaînes YouTube des activistes) présentes sur les réseaux socionumériques et l’enquête de terrain auprès de 19 activistes rifains résidant en Europe. Les conclusions mettent en évidence les différents rôles de ces activistes, les modalités du partage de l’information en ligne et hors ligne, ainsi que le besoin de créer du sens collectif à travers les dispositifs numériques.
Minorité hispanique et latino-américaine et réseaux sociaux numériques aux États-Unis à l’ère de Donald Trump : note de recherche
Authors: Tremblay Arjun , Jiwani Yasmin
Published: April 2020

Cette note de recherche examine l’utilisation de Twitter par les organismes civiques et politiques hispaniques et latino-américains – notamment la League of United Latin American Citizens, le Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, ou encore Voto Latino et UnidosUS – au cours de dernières années marquées par l’accession au pouvoir de Donald Trump. Elle poursuit les trois objectifs suivants : (1) l’exploration critique de Twitter comme plate-forme et lieu de résistance d’un contre-public ; (2) l’examen des « réponses tactiques » qui y sont formulées par les principaux organismes hispaniques et latino-américains, de manière à faire émerger l’univocité ou la plurivocité du contre-récit minoritaire qu’ils déploient ; (3) l’anticipation des conséquences potentielles induites par ce contre-récit, la mise en place d’une éventuelle action collective dans une ère marquée par les outrances numériques du président américain à l’endroit de cette communauté. En outre, nous visons tant à collecter les savoirs minorisés qu’à les faire émerger, ce qui correspond pleinement au cadre intersectionnel dans lequel nous nous plaçons.
Les médias socionumériques et la participation des minorités francophones canadiennes à la vie politique
Authors: Lupien Pascal
Published: April 2020

Les médias socionumériques ont ouvert la voie à de nouvelles formes de participation et d’oppression pour les groupes minoritaires, mais la recherche sur l’utilisation de ces outils n’a pas suffisamment pris en compte les circonstances uniques des minorités nationales. Les minorités nationales, contrairement aux « nouvelles » minorités issues de l’immigration, ont des revendications distinctes autour du territoire, de l’identité, des droits linguistiques, et de l’autonomie. Comment est-ce que ces minorités utilisent les médias socionumériques pour promouvoir leur identité et leurs revendications dans un contexte où elles sont confrontées à un déclin démographique relatif, et où elles doivent rivaliser avec des groupes plus puissants ? Les technologies socionumériques peuvent-elles leur permettre de se faire entendre ou est-ce que leurs voix seront de plus en plus noyées dans une mer de querelles politiques ? Cet article aborde ces questions en étudiant l’utilisation des technologies socionumériques par les associations représentant la francophonie canadienne en milieu minoritaire. Les minorités francophones du Canada ont subi une série de revers politiques inquiétants depuis quelques années. Leurs associations ont réagi en mobilisant leurs ressources et leurs sympathisants, souvent à l’aide des médias socionumériques. Mais utiliser les réseaux sociaux ne conduit pas automatiquement à une visibilité politique et médiatique.
Participation des contre-publics minoritaires et médias socionumérique
Authors: Lalancette Mireille , Yates Stéphanie , Rouillard Carol-Ann
Published: April 2020

Cet article examine les débats sur l’aide médicale à mourir au Canada tels qu’ils ont pris forme sur Twitter dans la foulée de l’adoption de la loi encadrant la pratique, en juin 2016. Divers groupes se sont farouchement opposés au projet de loi, qu’il s’agisse de groupes religieux, d’experts, de politiciens ou de citoyens, ce qui a mené à une polarisation des débats liée à l’acceptabilité sociale de celui-ci. Notre analyse montre que des groupes minoritaires – généralement peu présents dans l’espace public lors de débats soulevant des enjeux d’acceptabilité sociale tel que les associations de patients, les groupes religieux ou les groupes de femmes – et les « citoyens ordinaires », loin de laisser le débat aux mains des experts et des politiciens, se sont engagés dans les échanges prenant forme sur Twitter, se sentant légitimes d’y prendre part sur la base de considérations morales et éthiques. Globalement, il ressort que Twitter a été utilisé à la fois comme canal d’expression des opinions et comme un moyen de partager de l’information, complémentant, de ce fait, le rôle des médias traditionnels. On peut ainsi avancer que la plateforme a permis ce qu’on associe à une « participation politique ambiante », où ceux qui ont suivi #BillC14 ont été exposés à des informations, des opinions, des idées et des faits qui ont peut-être affecté leur perception de l’acceptabilité sociale de cette loi.
Militantisme, justice sociale et inégalités numériques : étude de groupes de lutte contre la pauvreté au Québec
Authors: Landry Normand , Gagné Anne-Marie , Rocheleau Sylvain , Caneva Christiane , Caidor Pascale , Bégin Mathieu
Published: April 2020

Cet article présente des résultats de recherche portant sur les pratiques de communication de 19 groupes de lutte contre la pauvreté au Québec. À cet égard, il s’intéresse aux difficultés rencontrées dans ces pratiques, à leurs objectifs, aux usages des médias numériques utilisés par les groupes, ainsi qu’aux besoins qu’ils expriment en matière de communication publique. L’analyse des données fait émerger les facteurs organisationnels et communicationnels qui permettent d’expliquer l’usage ou le non-usage des médias numériques chez ces groupes. Les résultats montrent que les pratiques de communication numérique sont contingentes des ressources et des compétences numériques dont disposent les organisations et leurs publics. Ils mettent également en lumière un phénomène de stratification numérique de la mobilisation sociale par laquelle certaines formes organisationnelles, certains répertoires d’actions collectives et certaines stratégies de communication publique se voient refusés aux groupes qui ne disposent pas des ressources et des capacités requises pour en tirer profit.
Effect of hyaluronate and splinting alone versus combined treatment (splinting and hyaluronate) on thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis
Authors: Denaro Salvatore , Boccaccio Salvatore , Zocco Antonino
Published: April 2020

Thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis can lead to global hand dysfunctions and its symptoms are pain and inability. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of hyaluronate in relieving these symptoms, and to compare it to orthosis and combined treatment (orthosis and hyaluronate). We enrolled 39 patients, evaluated at the baseline by using numeric rating scale (NRS) for pain, Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and Dreiser Scale for disability degree, and Digital Hydraulic Pinch Gauge for grip strength. Eligible participants were randomly assigned to one of the three treatments: injection of hyaluronate (group I), combined treatment (hyaluronate and orthosis, Group II) and orthosis (hard-resting splint, Group III). Patients of Group I and Group II were injected by low molecular weight Hyaluronate once a week for three consecutive weeks. Injections were performed by means of the so-called blind technique. The data analysis indicated a significant decrease (P<0.01) of pain at week 4, further manifested at week 26 by all groups treated. The same occurred for functional symptoms, and grip strength. This improvement appears more evident in group I that received HA.
Injection therapy in hip osteoarthritis: one year in review
Authors: De Souza Mirian , Sinelli Alessandro , De Lucia Orazio
Published: April 2020

Hip osteoarthritis affects a substantial and growing number of people worldwide. Its incidence and prevalence are increasing due to ageing and obesity. It is estimated that it affects between 10 and 18% of individuals over 60 years of age and up to 1 in 3 patients over the age of 85 with a substantial proportion of them experiencing persistent pain, loss of function and decline in health-related quality of life. Our work was aimed at updating the latest data on this field. We searched the following terms on PubMed: ‘injection therapy’, ‘osteoarthritis’ and ‘hip’. We limited our search to the period from 1-1-2018 until 22-6-2019 and to the English language. We retrieved 31 works. We decided to divide the works into three groups: hyaluronic acid in hip OA, other therapies in hip OA and emerging radiological techniques to measure the efficacy of injection therapy. So far, in the literature there is no solid evidence that supports the efficacy of intra-articular infiltration therapies in hip osteoarthritis. The international guidelines reflect this lack of solid scientific evidence. We believe that only original works that show high-level evidence can highlight the benefits of these therapies.
Intra-synovial loose bodies ultrasound-guided removal
Authors: Callegari Leonardo , Calvi Marco , Morgano Maria Chiara , Ossola Christian , Genovese Eugenio Annibale
Published: April 2020

Intra-articular loose bodies can be a non-obvious cause of chronic joint pain. Patients often undergo many conventional treatments, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), physiotherapy, TECAR-therapy, laser-therapy or infiltration therapy, often achieving little or no benefits. In our experience, in such cases, when an intra-articular or intrabursal loose body is detected, it is likely to be the actual source of pain. The aim of our study is to propose a new US-guided technique to remove intra-articular loose bodies, which is mini-invasive, costeffective and can be used to eliminate the source of pain with little or no discomfort for the patient.
Single-Center Experience in Targeted Prostate Biopsy Using Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging‑Transrectal Ultrasound Elastic Fusion Technique
Authors: Farah Jennifer , El-Hajj Gerard , Assaf Edward , Noufaily Abdallah , Chamsuddin Abbas , Jabbour Michel , Ghandour Fatmeh , Fayad Emilie , Ashou Raja
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided random biopsies are used to be the gold standard when diagnosing prostate cancer. A relatively new system with organ tracking that fuses real-time TRUS images with previously acquired multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) images for prostate biopsy guidance is presented here. The primary goal of the study is to correlate (1) the mpMRI findings with the Gleason score grading of the prostate biopsies performed under mpMRI-TRUS elastic fusion and (2) the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels with the Gleason grading. Materials and Methods: Between January 2017 and August 2018, 58 patients had targeted prostate biopsy using mpMRI-TRUS elastic fusion technique (Urostation). These patients had previously the mpMRI of the prostate at our center using three-dimensional T2-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and dynamic contrast enhanced imaging. Of all 58 patients, 32 patients were classified as having Prostate Imaging-Reporting And Data System (PI-RADS) 4/5, 21 patients as PI-RADS 3, and five as PI-RADS 2. Results: Twenty-seven patients had positive biopsies for prostate cancer. Positive results were found in 25 patients having PI-RADS 4/5 (25 out of 32). Of these patients, 20 had positive specimens from the dominant lesion, four from both the targeted lesion and nontargeted areas, and one from a nontargeted area. Positive results were found in two patients classified as PI-RADS 3 from targeted and nontargeted areas. These results show that 78% of the patients classified by mpMRI as PI-RADS 4/5 and 10% of the patients classified as PI-RADS 3 had positive biopsies for prostate cancer. The results also showed a correlation between the PI-RADS score on mpMRI, the Gleason score, and the PSA levels. Conclusion: mpMRI-TRUS fusion biopsy is a safe and accurate method for targeted prostate biopsies. Our preliminary results are comparable to the published international numbers and show a good correlation between the PI-RADS classification and histopathology, as well as correlation between PI-RADS, Gleason scores, and PSA levels of positive biopsies.
Partial Splenic Artery Embolization for Idiopathic Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Refractory to Medical Therapy
Authors: Hadied Mohamad Omar , Kherallah Riyad Yazan , Salman Mariam , Eteer Khalid , Schwartz Scott
Published: April 2020

Purpose: While Partial Splenic Artery Embolization (PSAE) is a useful procedure that has been performed for a variety of indications including trauma and hypersplenism, it has only been rarely described as a treatment for Idiopathic Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia. Previous reports in the literature are limited to case reports in situations that include the patient being a poor surgical candidate, the inability to transfuse blood during surgery because of autoantibodies, and a patient's refusal of blood products on religious grounds. Materials and Methods: A case report describing the case of a 27-year-old male diagnosed with idiopathic warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia treated successfully with partial splenic artery embolization (PSAE) as a bridging therapy to definitive surgical splenectomy. Results: The patient's pre-procedure hemoglobin was 2.1 g/dl. The first hemoglobin post-procedure was 4.5 g/dl. After embolization, the patient remained in the inpatient setting for eight days for close observation. During the inpatient hospitalization the patient's hemoglobin continued to trend upwards until it stabilized around 6 g/dl. Inpatient laboratory workup also showed increasing haptoglobin, and decreasing LDH. After discharge, the patient developed persistent pain two months post-procedure. An elective splenectomy was scheduled three months after the embolization procedure to address the persistent pain. Six months' post embolization procedure and three months postoperatively, the patient is doing well clinically with a hemoglobin of 14 g/dl. Conclusion: In conclusion, this case demonstrates the utility of a Partial Splenic Artery Embolization (PSAE) as an acute life-saving intervention for poor surgical candidates with idiopathic warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) refractory to medical therapy.
Contouring Plates in Fracture Surgery: Indications and Pitfalls
Authors: Bishop Julius A. , Campbell Sean T. , Graves Matthew L. , Gardner Michael J.
Published: April 2020

Effective fracture surgery requires contouring orthopaedic implants in multiple planes. The amount of force required for contouring is dependent on the amount and type of material contained within the plane to be altered. The type of contouring used depends on the desired plate function; for example, buttress mode often requires some degree of undercontouring, whereas compression plating may require prebending. Other reasons to contour a plate include matching patient anatomy either to maximize fixation options or to reduce implant prominence. Precontoured plates can be convenient and help to facilitate soft-tissue friendly techniques but have the potential to introduce malreduction if the plate position and fit are not carefully monitored.
Academic Accreditation Process of English Language Institute: Challenges and Rewards
Authors: Khojah Aishah , Shousha Amal
Published: April 2020

Accreditation plays a vital role in promoting self-assessment and excellence in English language teaching and administration. It ensures high quality teaching, and provides proper tools and various types of educational support for productive learning to take place. In this connection, the present research is a case study to assess the academic and administrative practices based on the accreditation and reaccreditation experiences of the English Language Institute (ELI), female section, at King Abdul-Aziz University in Saudi Arabia. It aims to document both initial accreditation and reaccreditation and the changes that are fostered. It also aims to report accreditation challenges along with its impact on administrative and academic levels. Semi-structured interview was used to collect data for the study. The study participants were ELI faculty and administrators who were involved in the accreditation process. The findings revealed a positive impact of accreditation on the ELI administrative and academic practices in terms of organizational structure, work atmosphere, and cultural influence.
Does ‘The Belt and Road Initiative’ Promote the Economic Growth of Key Participating Provinces? Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment Design
Authors: Gao Shan , Wu Maoguo
Published: April 2020

As a new Chinese national strategy, ‘The Belt and Road (B&R) Initiative’ has attracted substantial interest with its broad development prospect and huge economic impetus. However, existing research is not comprehensive due to the limitation of specific industry and there are few empirical studies. This paper adopted the panel data of key participating provinces in China from 2008 to 2017 according to the China City Statistical Yearbook to fill in the research gap. Around the issue of whether the B&R initiative promotes the economic development of Chinese key participating provinces along the routes, this paper proposed three hypotheses and used DID, PSM-DID and DDD methods to study relevant factors and the influencing mechanism. The empirical results show that the B&R policy could promote the overall economic development of participants on the whole, despite a certain degree of policy effect lag. Moreover, after the division of geographical location and administrative level in the eastern and west-central regions of China, the study found that the B&R initiative has significantly facilitated the advancement of the economy in the west-central areas, especially the less developed regions. In addition, after the classification of marketization degree, it is found that the B&R policy has a greater promoting effect on regions with high marketization degree than those with low marketization degree. Through the mechanism test, it is discovered that the tertiary industry is the main economic accelerator for growth in central and western China. Finally, based on the empirical results, this paper provided policy suggestions to further implement the B&R strategy.
Research on the Impact of Interest Rate Liberalization on Profitability of the Security Industry
Authors: Ying Lai
Published: April 2020

As the process of the interest rate liberalization deepens continuously and the level of the interest rate liberalization improves constantly, every aspect of the financial system is affected. The thesis mainly analyzes how the profitability of the security industry is affected, how this kind of impact is transmitted and what kind of self-targeted revolution and financial innovation should be made by the security industry to tackle the adverse impact. After the empirical analysis and the robustness test of the financial data in 18 listed securities companies in Wind Database from 2007 to 2018, the author concludes that: (1) The impact of the interest rate liberalization on the profitability indicator ROA of securities companies presents a positive U shape. (2) There is no significant difference in the impact of interest rate liberalization on the profitability indicator of different securities companies.
Grondrechtenbescherming in het Nederlandse en Europese auteursrecht na Spiegel Online, Funke Medien en Pelham
Authors: Snijders T. , van Deursen S.
Published: April 2020

Grondrechtenbescherming in het Nederlandse en Europese auteursrecht na Spiegel Online, Funke Medien en Pelham

In deze uitspraken spreekt het Hof van Justitie zich uit over de mogelijkheid van excepties op de exclusieve rechten van auteurs buiten de uitputtende lijst met excepties die is opgenomen in de Auteursrechtrichtlijn. Ook laat het Hof van Justitie zich opnieuw uit over de rol van grondrechten bij de interpretatie van de bestaande excepties. Deze uitspraken worden in breder perspectief geplaatst door daarnaast de benadering van het EHRM te bespreken. Tot slot worden de implicaties van deze dynamische Europese rechtsorde voor de Nederlandse praktijk besproken.

HvJ 29 juli 2019, zaak C-516/17, ECLI:EU:C:2019:625 (Spiegel Online); HvJ 29 juli 2019, zaak C-469/17, ECLI:EU:C:2019:623 (Funke Medien NRW); HvJ 29 juli 2019, zaak C-467/17, ECLI:EU:C:2019:624 (Pelham)
Oude wijn in nieuwe zakken: over de oorsprongsmarkering van levensmiddelen uit de door Israël bezette gebieden
Authors: Olsthoorn K.P.
Published: April 2020

Oude wijn in nieuwe zakken: over de oorsprongsmarkering van levensmiddelen uit de door Israël bezette gebieden

In de onderhavige prejudiciële zaak is het Hof van Justitie voor het eerst verzocht om een uitspraak over de uitlegging van de bepalingen van Verordening (EU) nr. 1169/2011 over de vermelding van het ‘land van oorsprong’ en de ‘plaats van herkomst’ met betrekking tot levensmiddelen die uit de door Israël sinds 1967 bezette gebieden afkomstig zijn. In het op 12 november 2019 gewezen arrest in de de zaak Organisation juive européenne en Vignoble Psagot heeft het Hof van Justitie geoordeeld dat uit deze verordening volgt dat op levensmiddelen die afkomstig zijn uit een door Israël bezet gebied, niet alleen dit gebied maar tevens, wanneer die levensmiddelen afkomstig zijn uit een plaats die of een geheel van plaatsen dat een Israëlische nederzetting binnen dat gebied vormt, deze herkomst moet worden vermeld. In deze bijdrage worden de achtergronden en gevolgen van deze uitspraak nader toegelicht.

HvJ 12 november 2019, zaak C-363/18, ECLI:EU:C:2019:954 (Organisation juive européenne en Vignoble Psagot)
Relaxed attitude towards spreading of alien crayfish species affects protection of native crayfish species: case studies and lessons learnt from a Fennoscandian viewpoint
Authors: Jussila Japo , Edsman Lennart
Published: April 2020

The spreading of the alien signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) is posing an ongoing threat to native European crayfish species in Fennoscandia, like the native noble crayfish (Astacus astacus). The signal crayfish is commonly a chronic carrier of the crayfish plague (Aphanomyces astaci), thus, in addition to being more competitive than noble crayfish, it also has a competitive advantage in this disease over the noble crayfish. The challenges rising from the introduction of the alien signal crayfish to Sweden, Finland and finally also Norway, are similar in nature. The licensed and unlicensed spreading of this species also has a similar history in these countries. In this paper we describe some of the patters of the spread of alien signal crayfish and highlight the detrimental nature of an alien crayfish, accompanied by a highly virulent disease, to native Fennoscandian crayfish and also to native Fennoscandian ecosystems. A halt to the further spreading of alien signal crayfish in Fennoscandia is the only means to ensure successful conservation outcomes for the noble crayfish.
Metabolomic profiling of crayfish haemolymph distinguishes sister species and sex: implications for conservation, aquaculture and physiological studies
Authors: Lette Emily D. , Lawler Nathan G. , Burnham Quinton F. , Boyce Mary C. , Duffy Rodney , Koenders Annette , Broadhurst David I.
Published: April 2020

Hairy marron (Cherax tenuimanus Smith) are critically endangered freshwater crayfish found only in a single river in south-west Australia. Conservation efforts have included a captive breeding program, which has been largely unsuccessful, despite the closely related smooth marron (Cherax cainii Austin) being successfully bred for aquaculture. Using an untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomic approach we created a profile of the metabolites in the haemolymph for males and females of the two species of marron. A non-lethal method was used to collect haemolymph and 84 reproducible annotated metabolites were identified. Variation in the levels of some metabolites were detected between species and between sexes within species. Multivariate analyses clearly differentiated the congeneric species and univariate analyses identified differences between species, sex and for some metabolite interactions between species and sex. This study created a baseline metabolome dataset for the two species and began to investigate the biological significance of metabolites that varied between species. We have shown metabolomics could be used for targeted studies to potentially assist reproductive success. This approach will be beneficial for conservation and aquaculture practices with potential applications for other aquatic taxa worldwide.
Anticancer Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract on A2780 Ovarian Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Angasa Tolosa Daniel , Hong Yinuo , Ding Ziqiang , Ding Xianfeng
Published: April 2020

In this study we investigated anticancer effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on A2780 ovarian cancer cell line. The leave of Moringa oleifera were grinded into powder and the phytochemicals were extracted using 80% ethanol. For fractionation and partitioning process four kinds of solvents were used in order: Petroleum ether, Dichloromethane, Ethyl acetate and Water extract until the extract is colorless or lightened. For cell proliferation assay all samples were dissolved in DimethylSulfoxide. Anticancer effect of Moringa oleifera were tested on A2780 ovarian cell line with four different extracts using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide. The final result showed that on Petroleum Ether, Dichloromethane and Ethyl Acetate extracts as the concentration increases from 1 µg/ml, 2 µg/ml, 3 µg/ml, 4 µg/ml inhibited A2780, despite that in water extracts when the concentration decreases the inhibitory effect increases, however, Dichloromethane Extract has higher anticancer effect on A2780 ovarian cancer cell line with insignificant cytotoxicity to the normal cell.
Non-union of Intertrochanteric Fracture Right Femur with Limb Shortening
Authors: Lwin Htay , Soe Htoo Htoo Kyaw , Abas Adinegara Lutfi , Htay Mila Nu Nu , Zaw Kaung Khant , Moe Soe
Published: April 2020

Nonunion of intertrochanteric fracture is uncommon because there are excellent blood supply and good cancellous bone in the intertrochanteric region of the femur. A diagnosis of primary intertrochanteric nonunion is made when at least 15 weeks after the fracture there is radiological evidence of a fracture line, with either no callus (atrophic) or with callus that does not bridge the fracture site (hypertrophic). The patient was subsequently treated successfully with an open reduction procedure. Open reduction and internal fixation with right DHS (Dynamic Hip Screw) with 8 screw holes plate inserted first and then 6 screws inserted under the guidance of Image Intensifier (C Arm). We would like to report a case of right intertrochanteric fracture with non-union. A 60 years old patient presented with the history of pain in the right hip, off and on for many years after the operation. The pain was associated with stiffness of the right hip joint. This case is selected for reporting because it’s a relatively rare incidence.
Responses of Maize and Tomato Crops to Fertilization with Three Agroforestry Litter Species (Annona senegalensis, Terminalia macroptera and Parkia biglobosa)
Authors: Massai T. J. , Ngakou A. , Ibrahima A.
Published: April 2020

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of Annona senegalensis, Parkia biglobosa and Terminalia macroptera litters amended to soil in order to improve growth and yield of tomato and maize plants. Trials were conducted at the University of Ngaoundere in a complete randomised block design for each of the two crops. Treatments consisted for each crop of a control (T) and three litters-based fertilizers of A. senegalensis (AS), P. biglobosa (PB) and T. macroptera (TM). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare means between treatments. The results obtained indicate that the chemical characteristics of litters varied from one plant species to another. The pH of the three litters AS, PB and TM (6.06; 6.02; 6.07) was acid, while nitrogen content ranged from 2.43% (PB) to 1.40% (TM). A significant difference was observed between treatments for plant height of tomato (p = 0.0016) and maize (p = 0.039). The litters of  A. senegalensis (80.33 g) and P. biglobosa (70.60 g) stimulated a significant production of more maize biomass compared to that of the control (37.26 g). The tomato biomass produced under soil amended with litter of A. senegalensis (27.33 g) and T. macroptera (31.27 g) was significantly more abundant (p = 0.035) than that of control (17.31 g). For tomato plants, the highest yield was observed for the treatment litter of A. senegalensis (7.35 t/ha), while the lowest yield accounted for the control (3.48 t/ha). The yield variation between treatments was in the following order: AS> PB>TM>T. As for maize, the yield varied from 4.15 t/ha (litter of T. macroptera) to 1.66 t/ha (control), and was classified between different treatments as: TM> PB > AS> T. Among the three tested litters, Annona senegalensis litter was the best for tomato, whereas Terminalia macroptera litter was better for maize production.
An Evaluation of the Levels of Subclinical Malaria Infection and Haemolysis among Residents of Opobo, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Eze Evelyn Mgbeoma , Christian Serekara Gideon , Jaja Victoria Samuel , Konne Felix Eedee
Published: April 2020

Aim: The study was aimed at evaluating the levels of subclinical malaria infection and haemolysis among the residents of Opobo, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Study Design: A cross sectional study design was used. The subjects were grouped into males and females and comparisons were made between positive and negative subjects of the same gender and positive subjects of different gender.

Place and Duration of Study: The study area was Opobo Town in Opobo/Nkoro Local Government Area of Nigeria. The study was carried out within August 2nd to August 26th, 2019 and a total of 89 apparently healthy subjects were recruited, 35 males and 54 females, aged between 16 – 70 years.

Methodology: Malaria parasite identification was done by thick and thin film using Giemsa’s stain, packed cell volume was by microhaematocrit method, plasma haemoglobin concentration and whole blood haemoglobin concentration was determined by cyanmethaemoglobin method.

Results: The result revealed a total of 24.72% positivity and 75.28% negativity for malaria parasite infection. Among the males, 17.14% positivity and 82.86% negativity for malaria parasite infection were observed while that of the females was 20.37% positivity and 79.63% negativity. In comparison of the studied parameters made between females infected with malaria parasites and those that were not infected with malaria parasites, there was no statistical significant difference at p<0.05 in plasma haemoglobin and percentage haemolysis. In comparison of the studied parameters between males infected with malaria parasites and those not infected with malaria parasites, there was no statistical significant difference in plasma haemoglobin and percentage haemolysis. On gender based comparison, there was also no statistical significant difference in level haemolysis.

Conclusion: The study has revealed a prevalence rate of 24.72% for subclinical malaria infection and the percentage haemolysis of red blood cells in malaria infected subjects residing in Opobo Town compared to subjects without malaria parasite was not statistically significant. Based on gender difference, males were affected more than females, but the level of red blood cell haemolysis was not statistically significant after comparison.
Evaluation of Genetic Diversity of Spring Onions (Allium fistulosum) Based on DNA Markers
Authors: Ijeomah Chiamaka , Amuda Oyewumi , Babatunde Benjamin , Abutu Philip
Published: April 2020

The Alliaecae family is a widely cultivated vegetable family in Nigeria, with nutritional, culinary and medicinal usefulness. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity using SSR and ISSR markers among ten (10) cultivars of spring onions. This study was carried out using one (1) SSR marker and three (3) ISSR markers. In this study, the genetic diversity among the cultivars were revealed. The four markers produced a total of 26 polymorphic alleles with PIC values of 0.7481, 0.6402, 0.675 and 0.7569 for ISSR 879, ISSR 866, ISSR 881 and SSR 62. The UPGMA dendrogram revealed that the ten spring onion cultivars could be divided into two main groups. The subgroup SPO06 and SPO04 showed no genetic distance among them revealing that there is a very close relationship and in total agreement with the factorial analysis. This study has revealed the efficiency of SSR and ISSR markers to estimate the extent of genetic variation of spring onion cultivars and will be a contribution for the conservation and management of Allium species.