bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiation pressure on dust explaining the low ionized broad emission lines in active galactic nuclei
Authors: Naddaf M. H. , Czerny B.
Published: May 2022

Context.Broad emission lines are the most characteristic features in the spectra of galaxies with an active galactic nucleus (AGN). They mostly show either single-peaked or double-peaked profiles and originate from a complex dynamics of the likely discrete clouds moving in a spatially extended region known as the broad line region (BLR).

Aims.In this paper, we present a large grid of results, which is used to test the model based on calculations of the spectral line generic profiles.

Methods.We followed a non-hydrodynamical single-cloud approach to BLR dynamics based on a radiatively dust-driven model. We previously showed in detail that the 2.5D version of the model could provide us with the 3D geometry of the BLR.

Results.We show that the shape of profiles not only depends on the accretion rate of the source, the black hole mass, and the viewing angle, but it is most significantly affected by the adopted dust-to-gas mass ratio regulating the strength of the radiation pressure. We also show that the model can aptly explain the low ionized broad emission lines of the mean spectrum of quasars, such as MgII and Hβ.

Conclusions.The radiatively dust-driving mechanism can appropriately account for the low-ionized part of BLR of AGNs.
Three new brown dwarfs and a massive hot Jupiter revealed by TESS around early-type stars
Authors: Psaridi Angelica , Bouchy François , Lendl Monika , Grieves Nolan , Stassun Keivan G. , Carmichael Theron , Gill Samuel , Peña Rojas Pablo A. , Gan Tianjun , Shporer Avi , Bieryla Allyson , Brahm Rafael , Christiansen Jessie L. , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Galland Franck , Hooton Matthew J. , Jenkins Jon M. , Jenkins James S. , Latham David W. , Lund Michael B. , Rodriguez Joseph E. , Ting Eric B. , Udry Stéphane , Ulmer-Moll Solène , Wittenmyer Robert A. , Zhang Yanzhe , Zhou George , Addison Brett , Cointepas Marion , Collins Karen A. , Collins Kevin I. , Deline Adrien , Dressing Courtney D. , Evans Phil , Giacalone Steven , Heitzmann Alexis , Mireles Ismael , Mounzer Dany , Otegi Jon , Radford Don J. , Rudat Alexander , Schlieder Joshua E. , Schwarz Richard P. , Srdoc Gregor , Stockdale Chris , Suarez Olga , Wright Duncan J. , Zhao Yinan
Published: May 2022

Context. The detection and characterization of exoplanets and brown dwarfs around massive AF-type stars is essential to investigate and constrain the impact of stellar mass on planet properties. However, such targets are still poorly explored in radial velocity (RV) surveys because they only feature a small number of stellar lines and those are usually broadened and blended by stellar rotation as well as stellar jitter. As a result, the available information about the formation and evolution of planets and brown dwarfs around hot stars is limited.

Aims. We aim to increase the sample and precisely measure the masses and eccentricities of giant planets and brown dwarfs transiting early-type stars detected by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).

Methods. We followed bright (V < 12 mag) stars with Teff > 6200 K that host giant companions (R > 7 R⊕) using ground-based photometric observations as well as high precision radial velocity measurements from the CORALIE, CHIRON, TRES, FEROS, and MINERVA-Australis spectrographs.

Results. In the context of the search for exoplanets and brown dwarfs around early-type stars, we present the discovery of three brown dwarf companions, TOI-629b, TOI-1982b, and TOI-2543b, and one massive planet, TOI-1107b. From the joint analysis of TESS and ground-based photometry in combination with high precision radial velocity measurements, we find the brown dwarfs have masses between 66 and 68 MJup, periods between 7.54 and 17.17 days, and radii between 0.95 and 1.11 RJup. The hot Jupiter TOI-1107b has an orbital period of 4.08 days, a radius of 1.30 RJup, and a mass of 3.35 MJup. As a by-product of this program, we identified four low-mass eclipsing components (TOI-288b, TOI-446b, TOI-478b, and TOI-764b).

Conclusions. Both TOI-1107b and TOI-1982b present an anomalously inflated radius with respect to the age of these systems. TOI-629 is among the hottest stars with a known transiting brown dwarf. TOI-629b and TOI-1982b are among the most eccentric brown dwarfs. The massive planet and the three brown dwarfs add to the growing population of well-characterized giant planets and brown dwarfs transiting AF-type stars and they reduce the apparent paucity.
Multiply eclipsing candidates from the TESS satellite
Authors: Zasche P. , Henzl Z. , Mašek M.
Published: May 2022

We present a catalogue of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) targets that show multiple eclipses. In all of these stars, we detected two sets of eclipses, for which their two distinctive periods can be derived. These multiple stellar systems could either be doubly eclipsing quadruples or triple-star coplanar systems showing eclipses on the outer orbit in addition to the inner eclipses. In total, 116 systems were found to be doubly eclipsing, while 25 stars were identified as triply eclipsing triples. Several confirmed blends of two close sources were not included in our analysis. All these systems were identified by scanning the known eclipsing systems taken from the Variable Star Index database and checking their TESS light curves. The average period of the dominant pair, pair A, is 2.7 days in our sample, while for the second pair, pair B, the average period is 5.3 days. Several systems show evident eclipse timing variation (ETV) changes even from the short interval of the TESS data, indicating possible period changes and short mutual orbit. We also present evidence that the system V0871 Cen is probably a septuple-star system of architecture (Aa-Ab)-B-C-D. Most of the presented systems are adequately bright and show deep enough eclipses for observing, and therefore we call for new ground-based observations for these extremely interesting multiples. Owing to this motivation, we have included also the ephemerides for both pairs of each system, our catalogue also contains their depths of eclipses and the light-curve shapes as extracted from the TESS data. These new ground-based observations would be very useful for further derivation of the mutual movement of both pairs on their orbit via detection of the ETVs of both pairs for example.
Creation of a Pediatric Sedation Risk Assessment Scoring System: A Novel Method to Stratify Risk
Authors: Couloures Kevin G. , Anderson Michael P. , Hill C. L. , Chen Allshine , Buckmaster Mark A.
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to create a pediatric sedation scoring system independent of the American Society of Anesthesiology Physical Status (ASA-PS) classification that is predictive of adverse events, facilitates objective stratification, and resource allocation. Multivariable regression and machine learning algorithm analysis of 134,973 sedation encounters logged in to the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium (PSRC) database between July 2007 and June 2011. Patient and procedure variables were correlated with adverse events with resultant β-regression coefficients used to assign point values to each variable. Point values were then summed to create a risk assessment score. Validation of the model was performed with the 2011 to 2013 PSRC database followed by calculation of ROC curves and positive predictive values. Factors identified and resultant point values are as follows: 1 point: age ≤ 6 months, cardiac diagnosis, asthma, weight less than 5th percentile or greater than 95th, and computed tomography (CT) scan; 2 points: magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and weight greater than 99th percentile; 4 points: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); 5 points: trisomy 21 and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD); 7 points: cough at the time of examination; and 18 points: bronchoscopy. Sum of patient and procedural values produced total risk assessment scores. Total risk assessment score of 5 had a sensitivity of 82.69% and a specificity of 26.22%, while risk assessment score of 11 had a sensitivity of 12.70% but a specificity of 95.29%. Inclusion of ASA-PS value did not improve model sensitivity or specificity and was thus excluded. Higher risk assessment scores predicted increased likelihood of adverse events during sedation. The score can be used to triage patients independent of ASA-PS with site-specific cut-off values used to determine appropriate sedation resource allocation.
Effect of Rotavirus Infection on Serum Micronutrients and Atopy in Children
Authors: Basaran Meryem Keceli , Dogan Caner , Sursal Alihan , Ozdener Fatih
Published: May 2022

Objective Rotavirus is a highly infectious and prevalent ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus that causes fatal gastroenteritis in children. Despite vitamin D deficiency is associated with susceptibility to infections, the relationship between ferritin and vitamin B12 levels is not known. This study aimed to investigate and compare the effect of rotavirus on micronutrient levels, atopy, and the frequency of allergic diseases in children with rotavirus.

Methods There were rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVG) (N = 92) and non-rotavirus (control) groups (N = 95). Serum micronutrient levels (B12, ferritin, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-OH-D3]) were checked during the first control after gastroenteritis healed. Patients were also examined for allergic diseases on an average of 17 (14–32) months following rotavirus infection. Serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), eosinophil count, and percentage were analyzed. Skin tests and respiratory function tests were also performed on patients with allergic disease and asthma symptoms.

Results Mean ferritin, B12, and 25-OH-D3 levels were lower in the RVG group compared with the control group. Allergic diseases in the RVG group were more frequent than in the control group. The prevalence of the allergic disease in the RVG group was 16.3%, as opposed to 5.2% in the control group (p = 0.014). The IgE level was significantly higher in the RVG group.

Conclusion Children with rotavirus infection should be followed closely in terms of allergic diseases and micronutrient deficiency. Furthermore, rotavirus infection should be prevented in the society and early treatment should be made available via tests detecting micronutrient deficiency.
Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Children and Families in PICU Follow-Up Clinic
Authors: Barcat Lucile , Pont-Thibodeau Geneviève Du , Jutras Camille , Harrington Karen , MacDonald Simon , Ducharme-Crevier Laurence
Published: May 2022

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted the lives of many families, especially those of children with chronic health problems. Little is known about the impact of this pandemic on the health and well-being of critically ill children and their families after their discharge from pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) hospitalization. This study describes the repercussions of the COVID-19-related lockdown on the physical and psychological wellbeing, quality of life, and access to resources of PICU survivors and their families. This was a prospective cohort study of children and families followed at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine PICU follow-up clinic from October 2018 to February 2020. Families were contacted by phone to complete validated questionnaires (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their access to medical care and extrafamilial support. Fifty-five families were contacted between November and December 2020. Quality of life scores were 88.1 ± 16.9 and 83.8 ± 13.9 for physical and psychosocial aspects, respectively. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were detected in 23.6 and 3.6% of respondent parents, respectively. A significant proportion of families reported canceled or delayed health care appointments (65.5%) and difficulty with medication access (12.7%). Twenty-five families (45.5%) reported a significant decrease in income. We could not identify any statistically significant predictors for lower quality of life scores. Difficulty accessing medical care was associated with higher symptoms of anxiety and/or depression in parents on multivariate analysis (p = 0.02). In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant negative impact on PICU survivors' access to medical resources and extrafamilial support.
Pulse Oximetry and Perfusion Index Screening for Congenital Heart Defects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang S. L. , Zhan Y. J. , Yan P. , Yue Y. , Tang J.
Published: May 2022

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common neonatal malformations and are a leading cause of infant death in developed countries. Finding safe and effective diagnostic methods to screen for CHDs is important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of pulse oximetry (PO) and perfusion index (PI) in screening CHD. We conducted a systematic review of studies in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library published on or before October 1, 2021. Studies based on PICOS were included in this systematic review. The flow chart is made by PRISMA software. The quality of included studies was assessed by RevMan5 software (QUADAS-2: Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2). The sensitivity, specificity, and other measurements of accuracy were pooled using Stata/SE 12.0 software. Five studies containing 46,965 neonates were included in this study. A randomized-effects model was used for the meta-analysis because of significant heterogeneity. The combined sensitivity and specificity were 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53–0.95) and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.57–1.00), respectively. The area under the curve was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.89–0.94). The combination PO and PI was significant in CHD screening. Once diagnosed by the combined method, it means that the neonate is most likely to have a CHD.

Key Points
Assessment of Serum Interleukin-27 and Mean Platelet Volume in Late-Onset Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Tosson Angie M. S. , Koptan Dina M. T. , Kamal Mohamed , Abd Elhady Marwa
Published: May 2022

Objective Late-onset sepsis (LOS) is a substantial contributor to morbidity and mortality among neonates. The use of nonculture-based tools for early diagnosis is an area of active investigation. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum interleukin-27 (IL-27) and mean platelet volume (MPV) in full-term neonates with LOS.

Study Design In this single-center, cross-sectional study, 90 full-term newborns were assigned to two equal-matched groups as follows: (1) culture-proven sepsis and (2) control groups. Clinical data and laboratory findings as complete blood pictures, including MPV, highly sensitive C-reactive protein, and blood culture results, were recorded. Moreover, IL-27 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results IL-27 levels (median = 4,364 pg/mL) and MPV (mean = 12.02 ± 1.54 FL) were significantly higher in the culture-proven sepsis group than in the control group (p < 0.001). For IL-27, the optimum cut-off value for the diagnosis of LOS was 283.8 pg/mL with sensitivity and specificity of 97.8 and 100%, respectively. For MPV, the optimum cut-off value was 11.6 FL, with diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 77.8 and 97.8%, respectively.

Conclusion IL-27 and MPV are promising markers for the diagnosis of LOS in full-term neonates. The diagnostic performance of IL-27 was superior to MPV.

Key Points
Microfluidic chip measures diffusion without free convection
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: May 2022

Controlling valves to trigger interdiffusion between two liquids and prevent convection enables monitoring of concentration gradient with time.
Super-semiconductors show ultra-low resistivity
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: May 2022

With a resistivity three to ten orders of magnitude lower than conventional semiconductors at room temperature, the devices could significantly reduce power consumption in electronics.
Meta-lens with sharp-corner apertures enables super-resolution focusing
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: May 2022

By separating the image’s main lobe from its cumbersome sidelobes, the lens can improve far-field ultrasound resolution
Blocking effect of desktop air curtain on aerosols in exhaled breath
Authors: Takamure Kotaro , Sakamoto Yasuaki , Yagi Tetsuya , Iwatani Yasumasa , Amano Hiroshi , Uchiyama Tomomi
Published: May 2022

A desktop-type air curtain system (DACS) capable of being installed on a desk to protect healthcare workers from infectious diseases was developed. Pseudo-exhaled air containing aerosol particles emitted from a mannequin was blown toward the air curtain generated by the DACS. The aerosol blocking effect of the DACS was investigated using particle image velocimetry measurements. A scenario in which the arm of a patient in the blood collection room is placed on the gate of the DACS was also investigated. Air curtain flow was maintained inside the gate of the DACS. The aerosol particles approaching the DACS were observed to bend abruptly toward the suction port without passing through the gate, signifying that the aerosol particles were blocked by the air curtain flow. When the arm of the patient was placed on the gate of the DACS during blood collection, the airflow above the arm was disrupted. However, the aerosol blocking performance remained unaffected. We envisage that this system will be useful as an indirect barrier not only in the medical field but also in situations where sufficient physical distance cannot be maintained, such as at the reception counter.
Integrating mechanism-based modeling with biomedical imaging to build practical digital twins for clinical oncology
Authors: Wu Chengyue , Lorenzo Guillermo , Hormuth David A. , Lima Ernesto A. B. F. , Slavkova Kalina P. , DiCarlo Julie C. , Virostko John , Phillips Caleb M. , Patt Debra , Chung Caroline , Yankeelov Thomas E.
Published: May 2022

Digital twins employ mathematical and computational models to virtually represent a physical object (e.g., planes and human organs), predict the behavior of the object, and enable decision-making to optimize the future behavior of the object. While digital twins have been widely used in engineering for decades, their applications to oncology are only just emerging. Due to advances in experimental techniques quantitatively characterizing cancer, as well as advances in the mathematical and computational sciences, the notion of building and applying digital twins to understand tumor dynamics and personalize the care of cancer patients has been increasingly appreciated. In this review, we present the opportunities and challenges of applying digital twins in clinical oncology, with a particular focus on integrating medical imaging with mechanism-based, tissue-scale mathematical modeling. Specifically, we first introduce the general digital twin framework and then illustrate existing applications of image-guided digital twins in healthcare. Next, we detail both the imaging and modeling techniques that provide practical opportunities to build patient-specific digital twins for oncology. We then describe the current challenges and limitations in developing image-guided, mechanism-based digital twins for oncology along with potential solutions. We conclude by outlining five fundamental questions that can serve as a roadmap when designing and building a practical digital twin for oncology and attempt to provide answers for a specific application to brain cancer. We hope that this contribution provides motivation for the imaging science, oncology, and computational communities to develop practical digital twin technologies to improve the care of patients battling cancer.
Weak antilocalization effect and multi-channel transport in SnTe quantum well
Authors: de Castro S. , Kawata B. , Lopes G. R. F. , Rappl P. H. de O. , Abramof E. , Peres M. L.
Published: May 2022

Magnetoresistance measurements were performed on a 30 nm-thick SnTe quantum well (QW) grown by molecular beam epitaxy on the BaF2 substrate in the temperature range of 1.9–50 K. The weak antilocalization (WAL) effect was observed at low temperatures and low magnetic fields as a result of the strong spin–orbit coupling present in the QW. Using the Hikami–Larkin–Nagaoka equation, we analyzed the experimental data and found that the WAL effect is not purely 2D but composed of 2D and 3D channels that exist within the QW structure. The spin–orbit and phase coherence mechanisms are also extracted, and a general view of the transport properties of the QW is also provided.
Broadband trailing edge noise reduction through porous velvet-coated serrations
Authors: Zhou Peng , Zhong Siyang , Li Xiangtian , Li Yuhong , Chen Wangqiao , Jiang Hanbo , Zhang Xin
Published: May 2022

This study experimentally investigates the potential of using combinations of trailing edge serrations and thin porous membrane/velvet structures for turbulent boundary layer trailing edge noise reduction. The experiments were conducted in an anechoic wind tunnel, with a flat plate model as the baseline model. The chord-based Reynolds number ranged between 2×105 and 5×105, and the boundary layers were fully tripped near the leading edge. Two different installation methods were tested, where the serration structure was aligned/misaligned with the undisturbed wake flow. It was observed that the noise reduction capability of the conventional serrations deteriorates significantly when the serrations are misaligned with the flow, while the performances of the combined structures are only slightly affected by flow misalignment. A novel combined treatment is developed, in which the trailing edge serrations are surrounded by serrated porous velvet structures. This treatment is found to outperform the unmodified serrations and can achieve approximately 10 dB noise reduction in both flow-aligned and flow-misaligned conditions, within a wide frequency range corresponding to a boundary layer thickness-based Strouhal number Stδ between 0.3 to 1. A 30%–40% increase in the aerodynamic drag due to the velvet structures was observed. Further hotwire wake survey revealed the possible mechanisms for the additional noise reduction capability of the combined treatments.
Strong momentum-dependent electron–magnon renormalization of a surface resonance on iron
Authors: Andres Beatrice , Weinelt Martin , Ebert Hubert , Braun Jürgen , Aperis Alex , Oppeneer Peter M.
Published: May 2022

The coupling of electrons to spin excitations and the generation of magnons is essential for spin mixing in the ultrafast magnetization dynamics of 3d ferromagnets. Although magnon energies are generally much larger than phonon energies, until now their electronic band renormalization effect in 3d ferromagnets suggests a significantly weaker quasiparticle interaction. Using spin- and angle-resolved photoemission, we show an extraordinarily strong renormalization leading to two-branch splitting of an iron surface resonance at ∼200 meV. Its strong magnetic linear dichroism unveils the magnetic nature and momentum dependence of the energy renormalization. By determining the frequency- and momentum-dependent self-energy due to generic electron–boson interaction to compute the resultant electron spectral function, we suggest that the surface-state splitting can be described by strong coupling to an optical spin wave in an iron thin film.
Thermally driven p–n–p multiple heteromorphic transformation facilitating high Seebeck coefficient for Ca0.8La0.2CeNbWO8+δ
Authors: Lin Yuanwei , Wu Ruifeng , Chang Aimin , Zhang Bo
Published: May 2022

Given that different types of carriers tend to gather at the cold end to offset part of the induced voltage, the high Seebeck coefficient obtained by a single type of carrier brings voltage difference to the automatic sensor. Nevertheless, due to the significant charge compensation effect, the effective mass and average energy of carriers can be improved, and a record high Seebeck coefficient (S > 10 mV K−1) is excavated through heteromorphic transformation. Herein, by introducing Ce4+/Ce3+ redox pairs into the p-type doped scheelite CaCeNbWO8 with excellent structural/thermal stability, we can realize various types of p–n–p conversion under thermal driving, and each transformation ushers in a sharp increase in the Seebeck coefficient and conductivity simultaneously. The heteromorphic transition activates solid solution diffusion, promotes transition from variable range hopping transport to nearest neighbor hopping transport, and induces energy-level degeneracy. In the process of p–n transition, the carrier mobility increases sharply and the Seebeck coefficient is ∼5.75 mV K−1 and the conductivity is ∼0.06 S m−1 at 881 K, while metallization occurs during n–p transition accompanying a surge in carrier concentration, resulting in a maximum Seebeck coefficient of ∼17.35 mV K−1 and a conductivity of ∼0.08 S m−1 at 1068 K. The important role of multiple heteromorphic transformation in improving the Seebeck coefficient is revealed, which is expected to be used in low-cost, low pollution, and low-power thermoelectric devices.
Heat transfer in a dense gas between two parallel plates
Authors: Hattori Masanari , Tanaka Soichi , Takata Shigeru
Published: May 2022

Time-dependent heat transfer in a dense gas between two parallel plates, which is initiated by an abrupt change in temperature of one plate, is numerically investigated on the basis of the Enskog equation under the diffuse reflection boundary condition. Numerical computation is carried out by a finite-difference scheme combined with the Fourier spectral method for the efficient computation of the collision term of the Enskog equation. As a result, macroscopic quantities of the gas, such as heat flux and temperature, are obtained for various Knudsen numbers and ratios of the molecular diameter to the distance between plates. Compared to the case of an ideal gas, the heat flux in the stationary state is enhanced due to an effect of the finite size of molecules for not only small but also intermediate Knudsen numbers. The results imply that the finite-size effect also affects the propagation of disturbances in the initial stage, particularly for small Knudsen numbers.
Enhanced spectral stability of blue perovskite light-emitting diodes via multidentate amine-based ligand
Authors: Wang Jin-Tao , Lou Yan-Hui , Zhou Yu-Hang , Chen Jing , Wang Zhao-Kui
Published: May 2022

Compared with highly efficient green, red, and near-infrared perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs), the performance of blue PeLEDs is still unsatisfactory due to the serious spectral instability issue at high working voltages. In this work, a multidentate amine-based ligand with four amino groups is utilized to achieve spectral stable blue quasi-2D PeLEDs. As a result, the optimized quasi-2D perovskite films exhibit stable photoluminescence spectra under continuous UV illumination and heating. Finally, the blue quasi-2D PeLEDs emitting at 478 nm with the peak external quantum efficiency up to 4.8% are achieved. Meanwhile, there is no obvious peak shift of the electroluminescence spectral under high external working voltages, exhibiting excellent spectral stability. The findings in this work confirm the validity of this strategy, providing a strategy to achieve steady blue PeLEDs.
Effects of periodic suction-blowing excitation on the aerodynamic sound generated by a laminar flow past a square cylinder using the direct numerical simulation approach
Authors: Kumar Shashi , Ganta Naveen , Bhumkar Yogesh G.
Published: May 2022

This paper analyzes the effects of a periodic suction-blowing excitation on the aerodynamic sound generated by a laminar flow past a square cylinder using the direct numerical simulation approach. The periodic suction-blowing excitation has been prescribed on the top and bottom surfaces of the square cylinder. The proper orthogonal mode decomposition (POD) technique has been used to find information about important modes associated with disturbance pressure fields. The POD technique separated the contribution of the dominant lift dipole equivalent sources and the drag dipole equivalent sources to the disturbance pressure field for the no-excitation case. The POD technique also revealed that the periodic suction-blowing excitation introduced an additional monopole equivalent sound source and a drag dipole equivalent sound source due to periodic enhancement and reduction of the body’s effective cross-sectional area. Modifications in the sound field due to changes in excitation amplitude, forcing frequency, and the phase delay between the excitation and vortex shedding process have been studied in detail. Although no significant changes in the flow field were noticed due to a small amplitude of excitation, the directivity of the sound field was significantly altered. The sound fields have been classified into five distinct zones for different periodic suction-blowing excitation frequencies. The beats of sounds were noted when the forcing frequency of excitation and the Strouhal frequency associated with vortex shedding were sufficiently close. It is observed that the in-phase excitation in which either blowing or suction is applied on both surfaces of a cylinder at a particular instant introduces a significant bias in the sound field directivity. The interaction between the lift dipole equivalent sources due to vortex shedding and the monopole and the drag dipole equivalent sources due to excitation introduces a bias in the sound field directivity. As a result, a dominant sound field is observed either in the top-left or in the bottom-left parts of the domain.
Taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis of the South American genus
Authors: Griotti Mariana , Grismado Cristian J. , Roig-Juñent Sergio , Ramírez Martín J.
Published: May 2022

The systematics of Philodromidae is far from complete, especially for the Neotropical genera. Among these, Petrichus Simon, 1886 is a poorly known genus restricted to arid and semi-arid environments of South America. In this work, we performed a total-evidence analysis to assess the phylogenetic relationships of Petrichus and revised the taxonomy. Petrichus is monophyletic and closer to Titanebo and the New World Ebo. Within Petrichus, two clades are obtained: the Eremean Clade, containing five species displaying a Neotropical distribution; and the Patagonian Clade, with the seven species inhabiting southern South America. Our results also support a previous hypothesis on the phylogenetic relationships within Philodromidae. Thanatini is monophyletic and includes Fageia and Berlandiella, although this is not statistically supported, whereas Philodromini emerges as paraphyletic. We propose Philodromini be expanded to contain all genera having eyes on tubercles analysed in this work plus the closely related Halodromus, whereas the circumscription of Thanatini should await future phylogenetic analyses with new evidence. As for taxonomic proposals, we synonymise Bacillocnemis Mello-Leitão, 1938 with Petrichus, Petrichus ornatus Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1942 and P. luteus (Nicolet, 1849) with P. junior (Nicolet, 1849), P. lancearius Simon, 1905 with P. tullgreni Simon, 1902; we transfer P. corticinus Mello-Leitão, 1944 to Misumenoides Pickard-Cambridge, 1900 (Thomisidae); and P. fuliginosus (Nicolet, 1849), P. cinereus Tullgren, 1901, P. sordidus Tullgren, 1901 and P. zonatus Tullgren, 1901 are regarded as nomina dubia. In total, 13 species are recognised for the genus, of which four are new (described by Griotti & Grismado): P. spira, from western Argentina, P. patagoniensis, from south-western Argentina, P. roigjunenti, from Argentina and Chile and P. eremicus, from north-central Chile. ZooBank: http://zoobank.org/References/1220255e-6431-45c2-adfe-ed58d1f89b17
Impact of photodynamic inactivation on microbial safety in foods
Authors: Seididamyeh Maral , Sultanbawa Yasmina
Published: May 2022

Food-borne diseases caused by contaminated food products continue to pose a threat to public health, as well as causing major economic losses and a negative impact on companies’ reputation among consumers. In the food industry, inactivation of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms is conventionally performed through thermal- and chemical-based techniques, which can affect the nutritional and sensorial quality of food. Furthermore, the emergence of microbial resistance to conventional decontamination techniques has drawn increased attention to finding an alternative and sustainable approach for similar or higher decontamination efficiency. Over the past decade, photodynamic treatment has been introduced for inactivating food spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms as a promising cost-effective, chemical-free, environmentally friendly technique with no reports on toxic residues and microbial resistance. The application and efficiency of photodynamic treatment in various food matrices against a broad range of microorganisms demonstrates the potential of using this technology in the food industry.
An analysis of factors influencing structure loss resulting from the 2018 Camp Fire
Authors: Troy Austin , Moghaddas Jason , Schmidt David , Romsos J. Shane , Sapsis David B. , Brewer William , Moody Tadashi
Published: May 2022

Despite the intensity of the 2018 Camp Fire, many structures survived in heavily burned areas. Logistic regressions were run to determine which structural and parcel characteristics predicted structure survival using two data sets. The first, CAL FIRE’s Damage Inspections (DINS) dataset, included 14 518 destroyed and 622 partially damaged structures. The second, combining information from the DINS and Defensible Space (DINS+DSPACE) databases, had many more attributes and was better balanced between destroyed (n = 728) and surviving (n = 676) structures, but was much smaller. Several approaches were compared for filtering out records with null values. Results were largely consistent with previously literature, finding that structural hardness factors (e.g. double-paned windows, enclosed eaves, ignition-resistant roofs and siding, no vents, etc.) are important in determining structure survival. Newer structures, built after California’s recent (2005 and 2007) fire safe building code updates, were more likely to survive, as were homes with higher improvement values. Mobile homes were far more likely to be destroyed. The role of fuel mitigation around structures was less conclusive; defensible space clearance had only a weak association with structure survival, although DINS+DSPACE results suggested a slight reduction in risk due to removing leaves and needles from gutters/roofs and keeping surrounding dead grass mowed.
DNA methylation clocks for dogs and humans
Authors: Horvath Steve , Lu Ake T. , Haghani Amin , Zoller Joseph A. , Li Caesar Z. , Lim Andrea R. , Brooke Robert T. , Raj Ken , Serres-Armero Aitor , Dreger Dayna L. , Hogan Andrew N. , Plassais Jocelyn , Ostrander Elaine A.
Published: May 2022

Significance

Epigenetic estimators of age (known as clocks) allow one to identify interventions that slow or reverse aging. Previous epigenetic clocks only applied to one species at a time. Here, we describe epigenetic clocks that apply to both dogs and humans. These clocks, which measure methylation levels in highly conserved stretches of the DNA, promise to increase the likelihood that interventions that reverse epigenetic age in one species will have the same effect in the other.
Isolation enhancement in dual-band MIMO antenna by using metamaterial and slot structures for WLAN applications
Authors: Li Yujun , Yang Helin , Cheng Houyuan , Wu Jiong , Yang Yuejie , Hua Lina , Wang Youcheng
Published: May 2022

A dual-band multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with enhanced isolation operating in 2.35–2.50 GHz and 5.13–5.88 GHz bands is investigated and presented. The proposed antenna system is deformed from two inverted-F antennas, and the distance between the antenna elements is only 0.104

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(

λ

—wavelength of 2.4 GHz). To enhance isolation and reduce mutual coupling, the metamaterial and slot structures are efficiently and innovatively designed on the ground plane for two bands. Both decoupling methods effectively improve the antenna isolation, with metamaterials acting on the lower band and slots acting on the higher band. The mutual coupling at 2.4 GHz and 5.5 GHz is reduced by 15.24 dB and 8.19 dB, respectively. Then, the optimized MIMO antenna can cover both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) bands, and has the advantages of wideband, compact size, good radiation, enhanced isolation, and low envelope correlation coefficient. The measured results agree with the simulated results, which shows that the proposed MIMO antenna system has potential application value in WLAN system.
Tunable Majorana corner modes by orbital-dependent exchange interaction in a two-dimensional topological superconductor
Authors: Lu Bo , Zhang Yiying
Published: May 2022

We theoretically study the effect of orbital-dependent exchange field in the formation of second order topological superconductors. We demonstrate that changing the orbital difference can induce topological transition and the Majorana corner modes therein can be manipulated. We further propose to detect the corner modes via a normal probe terminal. The conductance quantization is found to be robust to changes of the relevant system parameters.
Pulmonary CT scans of white rabbits using the selective photon shield technique of the third-generation dual-source CT
Authors: Sun Wenjie , Tan Hui , Wang Yi , Xie An , Tan Xianzheng , Liu Peng , Xu Dan , Huang Feng
Published: May 2022

This study aims to optimise the protocol for the low-dose pulmonary computed tomography (CT) scanning of infants by studying the effects of the selective photon shield (SPS) technique of the third-generation dual-source CT (DSCT) on the image quality and radiation dose of a chest CT in white rabbits under different tube currents. Twelve white rabbits of a similar weight to an infant were selected and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental groups (A1–A5) were scanned at low dose by the third-generation DSCT using SPS under different tube current × time (60, 50, 40, 30, and 20 mAs). The control group (B) was scanned under a conventional tube voltage (100 kV) and current × time (20 mAs). Advanced model iterative reconstruction at strength three was used for the objective and subjective evaluation of the image quality and radiation dose of the lung and mediastinal windows. With the standard deviation of the air in the trachea as image noise, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio, and CT values of each site were evaluated. Radiation doses were compared using the volume CT dose index, dose length product, and effective dose. The differences in subjective image quality between groups A2 and B were not statistically significant (P = 0.34). The differences in the SNRs of the lung and mediastinal windows between groups A2 and B were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The radiation dose of group A2 was 83.2% lower than that of group B. The SPS of the third-generation DSCT under 50 mAs might be applied in the pulmonary CT examination of infants.
Adjuvant-free cellulose nanofiber vaccine induces permanent humoral immune response in mouse
Authors: Ma Ronglin , Xia Wei , Zhang Rui , Fan Guojia , Sun Libin , Qiu Lei , Cui Jinxin , Ju Songwen , Wu Pingping , Yang Jie , Xiong Jian , Yu Qiang
Published: May 2022

Vaccines have become one of the most effective strategies to deal with various infectious diseases and chronic noninfectious diseases, such as SARS virus, Novel Coronavirus, cancer, etc. However, recent studies have found that the neutralizing antibody titers induced by vaccines would drop to half level or even lower after vaccination. In this study, we designed a novel small-sized positively charged nanofiber-1 (PEI-CNF-1) as a vaccine carrier, which can induce a high long-term humoral immune response by controlled release of antigen. Further studies showed that PEI-CNF-1 could significantly induce the release of immune response factor IL-1β and bone marrow-derived cell (BMDC) maturation. Moreover, compare to other cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), PEI-CNF-1 combined antigen (ovalbumin, OVA) induced and maintained the highest and longest antibody titers after vaccination. Interestingly, the antibody titers have no significant difference between at 21 and 90 d. Mechanically, we found that PEI-NCF-1 not only could control the slow-release of antigen, but also could be more easily swallowed by macrophages and metabolized by the bodies, thus presenting antigen more effectively. In conclusion, we believe that PEI-CNF-1 have a very high application prospect in inducing long-term humoral immune response, so as to achieve efficient prevention effect to epidemic viruses.
Local charge transport at different interfaces in epoxy composites
Authors: Jia Beibei , Zhou Jun , Chen Yuqing , Lv Zepeng , Guo Haomin , Zhang Zixuan , Zhu Zihe , Yu Haoyu , Wang Yang , Wu Kai
Published: May 2022

Charge transport in insulating composites is fundamental to designing high performance in electrical breakdown strength processes. A fundamental understanding of the charge transport at nanoscale in insulating composites remains elusive. Herein, we fabricate two types of interfaces in epoxy (EP) composites (Al2O3/EP and bubble/EP, respectively). Then the local dynamic charge mobility behavior and charge density are explored using in situ Kelvin probe force microscopy. After the external voltage in the horizontal direction is applied, significant differences are demonstrated in the evolution of charge transport for epoxy matrix, filler/bubble, and their interface, respectively. The interface between Al2O3 and epoxy is easier to accumulate the negative charges and introduce shallow traps. Lots of positive charges are located around a bubble where deeper traps are present and could prevent charge migration. Thus, this work offers extended experimental support to understanding the mechanism of charge transport in dielectric composites.
Dielectric engineering for improvement of mobility and photoelectric performance in 2D BiI3
Authors: Yu He , Gao Wei , Huang Ying , Wen Peiting , Wang Dan , Shao Libo , Liu Zihao , Wu Jing , Wang Hanyu , Yang Yujue , Li Jingbo , Huo Nengjie
Published: May 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) bismuth triiodide (BiI3) has been emerging as a potential layered material for optoelectronic applications due to its air stability and high atomic density. Although much effort has been devoted to improvements of carrier mobility, conductivity and photoelectric response, performance is still very limited. Here, we report a simple and scalable strategy for greatly improving the electrical and optical properties of 2D BiI3 through high-κ dielectric engineering. Upon covering with a high-κ dielectric oxide (Al2O3), air isolation and dielectric screening effects can lead to the reduction of the contact barrier, passivation of trap states, and suppression of Coulomb scattering. As a result, BiI3-based phototransistors can increase carrier mobility by three orders of magnitude and improve photoresponsivity by three orders of magnitude up to 8.05 × 103 A W−1. This work develops a new 2D BiI3 material and efficient dielectric engineering for improving mobility and photoelectrical performance, expanding the family of 2D materials and offering a promising strategy for potential nano-device applications.
Kerr and Faraday rotations in topological flat and dispersive band structures
Authors: Habibi Alireza , Musthofa Ahmad Z , Adibi Elaheh , Ekström Johan , Schmidt Thomas L , Hasdeo Eddwi H
Published: May 2022

Integer quantum Hall (IQH) states and quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) states show the same static dc response but distinct dynamical ac response. In particular, the ac anomalous Hall conductivity profile σ

yx
(ω) is sensitive to the band shape of QAH states. For example, dispersive QAH bands shows resonance profile without a sign change at the band gap while the IQH states shows the sign change resonance at the cyclotron energy. We argue by flattening the dispersive QAH bands, σ

yx
(ω) should recover to that of flat Landau bands in IQH, thus it is necessary to know the origin of the sign change. Taking a topological lattice model with tunable bandwidth, we found that the origin of the sign change is not the band gap but the van Hove singularity energy of the QAH bands. In the limit of small bandwidth, the flat QAH bands recovers σ

yx
(ω) of the IQH Landau bands. Because of the Hall response, these topological bands exhibit giant polarization rotation and ellipticity in the reflected waves (Kerr effect) and rotation in the order of fine structure constant in the transmitted waves (Faraday effect) with profile resembles σ

yx
(ω). Our results serve as a simple guide to optical characterization for topological flat bands.
One-dimensional acoustic potential landscapes guide the neurite outgrowth and affect the viability of B35 neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Baumgartner Kathrin , Mauritz Sophie C F , Angermann Sebastian , Brugger Manuel S , Westerhausen Christoph
Published: May 2022

On the way towards neuronal stimulation and signalling, standing surface acoustic waves (SSAWs) have become a widely used technique to create well-defined networks of living cells in vitro during the past years. An overall challenge in this research area is to maintain cell viability in long-term treatments long enough to observe changes in cellular functions. To close this gap, we here investigate SSAW-directed neurite outgrowth of B35 (neuroblastoma) cells in microchannels on LiNbO3 chips, employing one-dimensional pulsed and continuous MHz-order SSAW signals at different intensities for up to 40 h. To increase the efficiency of future investigations, we explore the limits of applicable SSAW parameters by quantifying their viability and proliferation behaviour in this long-term setup. While cell viability is impaired for power levels above 15 dBm (32 mW), our investigations on SSAW-directed neurite outgrowth reveal a significant increase of neurites growing in preferential directions by up to 31.3% after 30 h of SSAW treatment.
cgRNASP-CN: a minimal coarse-grained representation-based statistical potential for RNA 3D structure evaluation
Authors: Song Ling , Yu Shixiong , Wang Xunxun , Tan Ya-Lan , Tan Zhi-Jie
Published: May 2022

Knowledge of RNA 3-dimensional (3D) structures is critical to understand the important biological functions of RNAs, and various models have been developed to predict RNA 3D structures in silico. However, there is still lack of a reliable and efficient statistical potential for RNA 3D structure evaluation. For this purpose, we developed a statistical potential based on a minimal coarse-grained representation and residue separation, where every nucleotide is represented by C4’ atom for backbone and N1 (or N9) atom for base. In analogy to the newly developed all-atom rsRNASP, cgRNASP-CN is composed of short-ranged and long-ranged potentials, and the short-ranged one was involved more subtly. The examination indicates that the performance of cgRNASP-CN is close to that of the all-atom rsRNASP and is superior to other top all-atom traditional statistical potentials and scoring functions trained from neural networks, for two realistic test datasets including the RNA-Puzzles dataset. Very importantly, cgRNASP-CN is about 100 times more efficient than existing all-atom statistical potentials/scoring functions including rsRNASP. cgRNASP-CN is available at website: https://github.com/Tan-group/cgRNASP-CN.