bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pitch scaling and the internal structuring of the Intonation Phrase in French
Authors: D'Imperio Mariapaola , Michelas Amandine
Published: May 2014

Within the autosegmental-metrical approach to French intonation, the existence of an intermediate phrase or ip is controversial. Our study provides strong evidence for its existence, by uncovering systematic pitch-scaling effects within this constituent. We first show that the presence of an ip break is responsible for blocking recursive downstep of subsequent AP-final LH* rises in declarative utterances, causing the return of the final H target to the pitch level set by the first accentual peak of the phrase (i.e. complete reset). Additional evidence for the internal structuring of the Intonation Phrase is also provided by partial reset on the postboundary H target as well as by preboundary lengthening on the last syllable of the ip. The pitch-scaling effects are claimed to result from control over the reference pitch level for the entire ip, which can alternatively be modelled through secondary association of the last pitch accent of the domain.
New Jersey's EMS Response to Superstorm Sandy: A Case Study of the Emergency Management Assistance Compact
Authors: Clancy Terry , Christensen Kenneth , Cortacans Henry P.
Published: May 2014

In the United States, understanding the Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC) is critical to responding to a natural disaster or manmade event. Recently, the State of New Jersey responded to Superstorm Sandy and implemented the EMAC system by requesting ambulances to aid in the Emergency Medical Services response. New Jersey's response to Superstorm Sandy was unprecedented in that this storm affected the entire state and EMS community. New Jersey's EMS community and infrastructure were impacted greatly, despite years of planning and preparation for such an event. Once received, out-of-state EMS resources were integrated into New Jersey's emergency management and EMS systems. In this report, each phase of the EMAC in New Jersey is explored, from how the response was coordinated to how it ultimately was executed. The state coordinated its response on multiple levels and, as such, tested the practical applicability of the EMAC process and employed best practices and solutions to issues that arose. These best practices and solutions may prove invaluable for any state or territory that may activate the EMAC system for emergency medical service resources.

ClancyT, ChristensenK, CortacansHP. New Jersey's EMS response to Superstorm Sandy: a case study of the Emergency Management Assistance Compact. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(3):1-4.
TRANSPORTATION COSTS AND THE GREAT DIVERGENCE
Authors: Azarnert Leonid V.
Published: May 2014

This work shows the asymmetric effect of the reduction in transportation costs across different sectors in the process of the Great Divergence. Specifically, the analysis indicates that reductions in transportation costs of industrial goods enhance convergence of the growth rates of trading economies. In contrast, reductions in transportation costs of nonindustrial goods contribute to a further divergence across countries.
Where do Women Stand? New Evidence on the Presence and Absence of Gender Equality in the World's Constitutions
Authors: Cassola Adèle , Raub Amy , Foley Danielle , Heymann Jody
Published: May 2014

In countries around the world, constitutional protections of women's rights have provided a legal foundation to combat discriminatory laws, customs, and actions and a catalyst for advances in gender equality. This article draws on newly available data from 191 countries to analyze women's constitutional rights across the spheres of general equality and nondiscrimination, political participation, social and economic rights, family life, and customary and religious law. We examined how gender-specific and universal protections differed according to a constitution's year of adoption and last amendment, and identified regional patterns that persisted across all decades. Women were explicitly guaranteed general equality or nondiscrimination in 81% of constitutions, some aspect of political equality in 32%, marital equality in 27%, some aspect of work equality in 26%, and equal educational rights in 9% of constitutions. Protection of women's rights increased substantially between 1980 and 2011. As of June 2011, however, no constitution in the Middle East and North Africa guaranteed gender-specific protection in education, work, or marriage, and there were no guarantees of marital equality in South Asian constitutions. Of the constitutions that protected some aspect of gender equality, 5% stated that customary or religious laws could prevail over constitutional provisions.
Gender and the State: Accommodating Difference and Equality
Authors: McDonagh Eileen
Published: May 2014

Most would concur that the American state, from its very founding and still today, builds upon liberal principles asserting the fundamental equality of all individuals. What is more, social movements have been successful in demanding that the state treat all individuals the same “in spite of” their group differences, thereby promoting the inclusion of people initially discriminated against on the basis of their group difference. This is no small task, as history tells us. For example, we have recently celebrated the 50th anniversary of the March on Washington and the Civil Rights Movement, which exemplify the demand for equal treatment of individuals “in spite of” their race. John Lewis, an African-American civil rights activist, testifies, for example, as to how difficult this was, based on his experience fifty years ago. When he traveled during those times, he ran into racial segregation everywhere, including housing, hotels, restaurants, and public restrooms. His goal was desegregation—that is, to integrate public facilities so that all individuals would have access on equal bases with everyone else (Stolberg 2013).
Why Feminist Theory Matters for Feminist Practice: The Case of Rape Response
Authors: Corrigan Rose
Published: May 2014

Rape crisis centers, which provide supportive services to survivors of sexual assault, are commonly lauded as one of the most successful and lasting transformations achieved by second-wave feminism (Bevacqua 2000; Martin 2005; Schmitt and Martin 2007). But the advocates who work in these centers overwhelmingly reject the use of the word “feminist” to describe themselves or the work of their agencies (Campbell, Baker, and Mazurak 1998; Corrigan 2013; Maier 2008). Here, I describe this puzzling disconnect between feminist consciousness and feminist practice and offer a theory of why the incorporation of feminist analysis could enrich the provision of services on the ground.
Women's Movements across Borders: Towards a More Inclusive Conceptualization?
Authors: Montoya Celeste
Published: May 2014

Regardless of the country where one lives, gendered discrimination and outright misogyny are commonplace. In particular, violence against women remains one of the most widespread and pervasive challenges to women's rights. It crosses all boundaries, geographical and social. Economic inequalities within and across countries continue to expand with gendered patterns. Significant gaps remain in education, employment, and healthcare, among many other things. So, the answer to the question, “Do we need a women's movement?” seems obvious. But what form should the mobilization take? Is it the work of a women's movement? A feminist movement? Where do other social justice movements fit in? Where should mobilization take place: locally, nationally, transnationally, or globally? How do we deal with difference? Can universal messages that unite across borders also deal with the unique circumstances of particular locations? In this piece, I pick up on some of the themes raised by other participants in this forum and elaborate on them in global perspective. My intent is not to apply logics of the United States movements elsewhere, but instead to propose insight gathered from broader comparative and transnational studies that might be applied to this discussion.
Revisiting ‘The Clinic’: ethical and policy challenges in US community health centers
Authors: Berlinger Nancy , Gusmano Michael K. , Turbiner Eva
Published: May 2014

Where do poor people in the United States (US) go when they get sick? Often, they go to Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) and hospital emergency departments. Even after the implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), these safety-net health care organizations will continue to play a crucial role in the US health care system. FQHCs have long grappled with some of the biggest questions facing the US health care system and their leaders and clinicians face ethical challenges in everyday practice. Ethical and policy challenges in the US health care safety-net are not usually ‘tragic choices’ involving the allocation of transplantable organs, or ventilators during a pandemic. They are everyday choices with a tragic dimension because, even with the adoption of the ACA, the US has not yet decided whether poor people deserve a ‘home’ or a ‘net’ when they are sick, and whether even a net should be in good repair.
SKT Short Cognitive Performance Test and Activities of Daily Living in Dementia
Authors: Lehfeld Hartmut , Schläfke Sandra , Hoerr Robert , Stemmler Mark
Published: May 2014

Using data from two randomized, placebo-controlled trials involving 806 outpatients, we performed linear regression analyses to evaluate how cognitive abilities in patients with dementia assessed by the SKT (Syndrom-Kurztest – Short Cognitive Performance Test) correlate with activities of daily living rated by means of the Activities of Daily Living International Scale (ADL-IS). There were significant correlations between SKT total score and ADL-IS total mean score at baseline (r = 0.52, p < .001) as well as between change in SKT total score and change in ADL-IS total mean score during the 24-week treatment period (r = 0.48, p < .001). Significant correlations with ADL-IS total mean scores were also found for both memory and attention/concentration subscores of the SKT.
Concerns About One’s Aging
Authors: Kessler Eva-Marie , Tempel Julia , Wahl Hans-Werner
Published: May 2014

Does working with frail and cognitively impaired older people, in addition to and in combination with psychological distress, lead to concerns about one’s own aging? We investigated whether aging anxiety (AA) and dementia worry (DW) systematically differed between N = 34 geriatric nurses and a comparison sample of N = 34 childcare workers. The samples did not differ with regards to sociodemographic characteristics, personality, life satisfaction, or dementia knowledge. A multivariate GLM analysis revealed a substantial effect of both work context (high vs. low exposure to aging/dementia; η2 = .12) and overall psychological distress (η2 = .15) across three indicators of AA/DW. Interindividual differences in AA and DW seem to be partially explained by professional experience in eldercare as well as by mental health resources.
Investigating Variation in Replicability
Authors: Klein Richard A. , Ratliff Kate A. , Vianello Michelangelo , Adams Reginald B. , Bahník Štěpán , Bernstein Michael J. , Bocian Konrad , Brandt Mark J. , Brooks Beach , Brumbaugh Claudia Chloe , Cemalcilar Zeynep , Chandler Jesse , Cheong Winnee , Davis William E. , Devos Thierry , Eisner Matthew , Frankowska Natalia , Furrow David , Galliani Elisa Maria , Hasselman Fred , Hicks Joshua A. , Hovermale James F. , Hunt S. Jane , Huntsinger Jeffrey R. , IJzerman Hans , John Melissa-Sue , Joy-Gaba Jennifer A. , Barry Kappes Heather , Krueger Lacy E. , Kurtz Jaime , Levitan Carmel A. , Mallett Robyn K. , Morris Wendy L. , Nelson Anthony J. , Nier Jason A. , Packard Grant , Pilati Ronaldo , Rutchick Abraham M. , Schmidt Kathleen , Skorinko Jeanine L. , Smith Robert , Steiner Troy G. , Storbeck Justin , Van Swol Lyn M. , Thompson Donna , van ‘t Veer A. E. , Ann Vaughn Leigh , Vranka Marek , Wichman Aaron L. , Woodzicka Julie A. , Nosek Brian A.
Published: May 2014

Although replication is a central tenet of science, direct replications are rare in psychology. This research tested variation in the replicability of 13 classic and contemporary effects across 36 independent samples totaling 6,344 participants. In the aggregate, 10 effects replicated consistently. One effect – imagined contact reducing prejudice – showed weak support for replicability. And two effects – flag priming influencing conservatism and currency priming influencing system justification – did not replicate. We compared whether the conditions such as lab versus online or US versus international sample predicted effect magnitudes. By and large they did not. The results of this small sample of effects suggest that replicability is more dependent on the effect itself than on the sample and setting used to investigate the effect.
Revisiting Schachter’s Research on Rejection, Deviance, and Communication (1951)
Authors: Wesselmann Eric D. , Williams Kipling D. , Pryor John B. , Eichler Fredrick A. , Gill Devin M. , Hogue John D.
Published: May 2014

We conducted a replication of the original Schachter (1951) deviation-rejection study. Schachter’s groundbreaking demonstration of the deviation-rejection link has captivated social psychologists for decades. The findings and paradigm were so compelling that the deviation-rejection link is often taken for granted and sometimes may be misrepresented ( Berkowitz, 1971 ; Wahrman & Pugh, 1972 ). Because there have only been two direct replications, one of which by the original author, we believed it was important to revisit the original study. We replicated Schachter’s main finding, albeit with a smaller effect size. One intriguing possibility is that we found somewhat weaker reactions to deviates because society may be becoming more tolerant of individuals who hold deviate opinions. We hope that our replication study will inspire other researchers to revisit the deviation-rejection link.
Breakthrough or One-Hit Wonder?
Authors: Vermeulen Ivar , Batenburg Anika , Beukeboom Camiel J. , Smits Tim
Published: May 2014

Three studies replicated a classroom experiment on single-exposure musical conditioning of consumer choice ( Gorn, 1982 ), testing whether simultaneous exposure to liked (vs. disliked) music and a pen image induced preferences for the shown (vs. a different) pen. Experiments 1 and 2 employed the original music, Experiment 3 used contemporary music. Experiments 2 and 3 employed hypothesis-blind experimenters. All studies incorporated post-experimental inquiries exploring demand artifacts. Experiments 1 and 2 (original music; N = 158, N = 190) showed no evidence for musical conditioning, and were qualified (conclusive) replication failures. Experiment 3 (contemporary music; N = 91) reproduced original effects, but with significantly smaller effect size. Moreover, it had limited power and showed extreme scores in one experimental group. Aggregated, the three studies produced a null effect. Exploration of demand artifacts suggests they are unlikely to have produced the original results.
Sex Differences in Distress From Infidelity in Early Adulthood and in Later Life
Authors: IJzerman Hans , Blanken Irene , Brandt Mark J. , Oerlemans J. M. , Van den Hoogenhof Marloes M. W. , Franken Stephanie J. M. , Oerlemans Mathe W. G.
Published: May 2014

Shackelford and colleagues (2004) found that men, compared to women, are more distressed by sexual than emotional infidelity, and this sex difference continued into older age. We conducted four high-powered replications (total N = 1,952) of this effect and found different results. A meta-analysis of original and replication studies finds the sex difference in younger samples (though with a smaller effect size), and no effect among older samples. Furthermore, we found attitude toward uncommitted sex to be a mediator (although not consistently in the same direction) between participant sex and relative distress between sexual and emotional infidelity. We hypothesize that the discrepancies between the original and replication studies may be due to changing cultural attitudes about sex across time. Confirming this speculative interpretation requires further investigation.
Does Cleanliness Influence Moral Judgments?
Authors: Johnson David J. , Cheung Felix , Donnellan M. Brent
Published: May 2014

Schnall, Benton, and Harvey (2008) hypothesized that physical cleanliness reduces the severity of moral judgments. In support of this idea, they found that individuals make less severe judgments when they are primed with the concept of cleanliness (Exp. 1) and when they wash their hands after experiencing disgust (Exp. 2). We conducted direct replications of both studies using materials supplied by the original authors. We did not find evidence that physical cleanliness reduced the severity of moral judgments using samples sizes that provided over .99 power to detect the original effect sizes. Our estimates of the overall effect size were much smaller than estimates from Experiment 1 (original d = −0.60, 95% CI [−1.23, 0.04], N = 40; replication d = −0.01, 95% CI [−0.28, 0.26], N = 208) and Experiment 2 (original d = −0.85, 95% CI [−1.47, −0.22], N = 43; replication d = 0.01, 95% CI [−.34, 0.36], N = 126). These findings suggest that the population effect sizes are probably substantially smaller than the original estimates. Researchers investigating the connections between cleanliness and morality should therefore use large sample sizes to have the necessary power to detect subtle effects.
Replication of the Superstition and Performance Study by
Authors: Calin-Jageman Robert J. , Caldwell Tracy L.
Published: May 2014

A recent series of experiments suggests that fostering superstitions can substantially improve performance on a variety of motor and cognitive tasks ( Damisch, Stoberock, & Mussweiler, 2010 ). We conducted two high-powered and precise replications of one of these experiments, examining if telling participants they had a lucky golf ball could improve their performance on a 10-shot golf task relative to controls. We found that the effect of superstition on performance is elusive: Participants told they had a lucky ball performed almost identically to controls. Our failure to replicate the target study was not due to lack of impact, lack of statistical power, differences in task difficulty, nor differences in participant belief in luck. A meta-analysis indicates significant heterogeneity in the effect of superstition on performance. This could be due to an unknown moderator, but no effect was observed among the studies with the strongest research designs (e.g., high power, a priori sampling plan).
Differential pulse voltammetry detection of dopamine and ascorbic acid by permselective silica mesochannels vertically attached to the electrode surface
Authors: Li Wanzhen , Ding Longhua , Wang Qiaohong , Su Bin
Published: May 2014

Silica mesochannels vertically aligned on the electrode surface have been employed for permselective detection of dopamine and ascorbic acid.
Novel highly emissive H-aggregates with aggregate fluorescence change in a phenylbenzoxazole-based system
Authors: Wang Lianke , Shen Yanfang , Yang Mingdi , Zhang Xiuzhen , Xu Weinan , Zhu Qiuju , Wu Jieying , Tian Yupeng , Zhou Hongping
Published: May 2014

A benzoxazole-based derivative exhibits novel highly emissive H-type aggregates.
Palladium-catalyzed formal arylacylation of allenes employing acid chlorides and arylboronic acids
Authors: Tatsumi Kenta , Fujihara Tetsuaki , Terao Jun , Tsuji Yasushi
Published: May 2014

Palladium-catalyzed formal arylacylation of allenes using acid chlorides and arylboronic acids proceeded regio- and stereoselectively.
Synthesis and ligand-based reduction chemistry of boron difluoride complexes with redox-active formazanate ligands
Authors: Chang M.-C. , Otten E.
Published: May 2014

Mono(formazanate) boron difluoride complexes (LBF2), which show remarkably facile and reversible ligand-based redox-chemistry, were synthesized by transmetallation of bis(formazanate) zinc complexes with boron trifluoride.
Intermolecular vibrational energy transfers in liquids and solids
Authors: Chen Hailong , Wen Xiewen , Guo Xunmin , Zheng Junrong
Published: May 2014

Resonant and nonresonant intermolecular vibrational energy transfers in liquids and solids are measured and elucidated using two competing mechanisms.
Tunability of hybridized plasmonic waveguide mediated by surface plasmon polaritons
Authors: Jiang Ming-Ming , Chen Hong-Yu , Shan Chong-Xin , Shen De-Zhen
Published: May 2014

A hybridized plasmonic waveguide was proposed, which consisting of two kind of different metal films and a low-dielectric spacer layer inserted between. The spacer could be used to achieve the plasmonic resonance wavelength transfer from 450 nm to 600 nm, as well as the tunability of mode characteristics.
Organoaluminium complexes of ortho-, meta-, para-anisidines: synthesis, structural studies and ROP of ε-caprolactone (and rac-lactide)
Authors: Li Yuanzhuo , Zhao Ke-Qing , Elsegood Mark R. J. , Prior Timothy J. , Sun Xinsen , Mo Shanyan , Redshaw Carl
Published: May 2014

{[1,2-(OMe),NC6H4(μ-Me2Al)](μ-Me2Al)}2 (1), [1,3-(Me3AlOMe),NHC6H4(μ-Me2Al)]2 (2) and [1,4-(Me3AlOMe),NHC6H4(μ-Me2Al)]2 (3) are all highly active for the ROP of ε-caprolactone.
Magnetic relaxation versus 3D long-range ordering in {Dy2Ba(α-fur)8}nfuroate polymers
Authors: Bartolomé E. , Bartolomé J. , Melnic S. , Prodius D. , Shova S. , Arauzo A. , Luzón J. , Badía-Romano L. , Luis F. , Turta C.
Published: May 2014

The new complex {Dy2Ba(α-fur)8}nhas been synthesized, structurally characterized, and magnetically investigated down to 85 mK, allowing us to observe field induced slow relaxation behavior and 3D long-range ordering atTN= 0.25 K.
Bismuth induced enhanced green emission from terbium ions and their complex in thin films
Authors: Kaur Gagandeep , Kumar Brijesh , Verma R. K. , Rai S. B.
Published: May 2014

Bismuth nanoparticles (NPs) have been prepared by the pulsed laser ablation technique using the third harmonics of a Nd-YAG laser.
Benzo annulated cycloheptatriene PCP pincer iridium complexes
Authors: Leis Wolfgang , Wernitz Sophie , Reichart Benedikt , Ruckerbauer David , Wielandt Johannes Wolfram , Mayer Hermann A.
Published: May 2014

Chemical conversions of a cycloheptatriene iridium pincer complex were studied by NMR and MS techniques as well as DFT calculations.
Facile solid phase peptide synthesis with a Re-lysine conjugate generated via a one-pot procedure
Authors: Chanawanno Kullapa , Caporoso Joel , Kondeti Vinay , Paruchuri Sailaja , Leeper Thomas C. , Herrick Richard S. , Ziegler Christopher J.
Published: May 2014

We have synthesized a Re(CO)3-modified lysine via a one-pot Schiff base formation reaction that can be used in the solid phase peptide synthesis of peptides, and demonstrated uptake into human umbilical vascular endothelial cells.
Multi-film roll transferring (MRT) process using highly conductive and solution-processed silver solution for fully solution-processed polymer solar cells
Authors: Youn Hongseok , Lee Taehwa , Guo L. Jay
Published: May 2014

A multi-layer roll transferring (MRT) approach is reported, in which a highly conductive solution processed Ag electrode is prepared separately from the rest of the organic layers, and the fully solution-processed device is completed by a final roll-transferring process.
Very efficient conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in DBU-based ionic liquids with benzenesulfonate anion
Authors: Wu Lingqiao , Song Jinliang , Zhang Binbin , Zhou Baowen , Zhou Huacong , Fan Honglei , Yang Yingying , Han Buxing
Published: May 2014

DBU-based ionic liquids with benzenesulfonate anion were excellent solvents for dehydration of glucose to HMF with high yield of 83.4%.
Intratumoral phenotypic heterogeneity as an encourager of cancer invasion
Authors: Shin Yoojin , Han Sewoon , Chung Euiheon , Chung Seok
Published: May 2014

We present a novel in vitro breast tumour model to mimic intratumoral phenotypic heterogeneity based on a 3D microfluidic system. With the system, we propose the role of intratumoral heterogeneity in cancer invasion.
Focusing of sub-micrometer particles and bacteria enabled by two-dimensional acoustophoresis
Authors: Antfolk M. , Muller P. B. , Augustsson P. , Bruus H. , Laurell T.
Published: May 2014

Handling of sub-micrometer bioparticles e.g. bacteria is becoming increasingly important in the biomedical field and in environmental and food analysis.
Future of portable devices for plant pathogen diagnosis
Authors: Nezhad Amir Sanati
Published: May 2014

This paper reviews the current progress of on-spot detection of plant pathogens and predicts the future of portable devices for rapid pathogen diagnosis.
Trivalent methylated arsenic metabolites induce apoptosis in human myeloid leukemic HL-60 cells through generation of reactive oxygen species
Authors: Rehman Kanwal , Fu Yu Jie , Zhang Yan Fang , Wang Qian Qian , Wu Bin , Wu Yuan , Zhou Xin Yi , Sun Wu Hui , Sun Tian Fu , Naranmandura Hua
Published: May 2014

Trivalent arsenic metabolites mediate HL-60 cell apoptosis via ROS.
Immortal ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone by a neat magnesium catalyst system: an approach to obtain block and amphiphilic star polymers in situ
Authors: Wang Yang , Liu Bo , Wang Xue , Zhao Wei , Liu Dongtao , Liu Xinli , Cui Dongmei
Published: May 2014

Building of various functional and topological microstructured PCLs via the immortal catalyst system of MgnBu2/ROH and click reaction.
Dendrimer–doxorubicin conjugate as enzyme-sensitive and polymeric nanoscale drug delivery vehicle for ovarian cancer therapy
Authors: Zhang Chengyuan , Pan Dayi , Luo Kui , Li Ning , Guo Chunhua , Zheng Xiuli , Gu Zhongwei
Published: May 2014

Dendrimer–doxorubicin conjugate prepared via click chemistry was employed as enzyme-sensitive nanoscale drug delivery system for ovarian cancer therapy, showing high accumulation in tumor tissue, significantly increased antitumor activity and good biosafety.
Tribological study of hydrolytically stable S-containing alkyl phenylboric esters as lubricant additives
Authors: Li Zhipeng , Li Yilin , Zhang Yawen , Ren Tianhui , Zhao Yidong
Published: May 2014

S-containing alkyl phenylboric esters with excellent hydrolytic stability used as lubricant additives.
Synthesis of Bi2WO6 photoanode on transparent conducting oxide substrate with low onset potential for solar water splitting
Authors: Chae Sang Youn , Lee Eun Seon , Jung Hyejin , Hwang Yun Jeong , Joo Oh-Shim
Published: May 2014

High conduction band of Bi2WO6, thus low onset potential of Bi2WO6/Co-Pi photoanode, is favourable for overall water splitting at zero bias potential when it combines with a silicon photocathode.
Effect of metal content on the electrocatalytic activity of AuxPdy mixtures and their use in a glucose membraneless microfluidic fuel cell
Authors: Arjona N. , Dector A. , Guerra-Bálcazar M. , Álvarez-Contreras L. , Sabaté N. , Esquivel J. P. , Ledesma-García J. , Arriaga L. G.
Published: May 2014

Performance increase of a glucose membraneless microfluidic fuel cell using Au60Pd40 material electrodeposited on the anodic compartment.
Hierarchical, self-similar structure in native squid pen
Authors: Yang Fei-Chi , Peters Robert D. , Dies Hannah , Rheinstädter Maikel C.
Published: May 2014

The structure of native squid pen was investigated combining microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The experiments probed length scales from millimetres down to nanometres and indicate a strong correlation between macroscale structure and molecular orientation.
Effect of millimetre waves on phosphatidylcholine membrane models: a non-thermal mechanism of interaction
Authors: Beneduci Amerigo , Cosentino Katia , Romeo Stefania , Massa Rita , Chidichimo Giuseppe
Published: May 2014

The nonthermal biological effects of millimeter waves can be explained through the interaction with biological membranes.
Micellization and related behavior of sodium dodecylsulfate in mixed binary solvent media of tetrahydrofuran (Tf) and formamide (Fa) with water: a detailed physicochemical investigation
Authors: Pan A. , Naskar B. , Prameela G. K. S. , Phani Kumar B. V. N. , Aswal V. K. , Bhattacharya S. C. , Mandal A. B. , Moulik S. P.
Published: May 2014

The behavior of SDS with increasing vol% of Tf and Fa in water at 303 K.
Highly compressible and stretchable superhydrophobic coating inspired by bio-adhesion of marine mussels
Authors: Liu Fatang , Sun Fenghe , Pan Qinmin
Published: May 2014

A highly compressible and stretchable superhydrophobic coating was fabricated using layer-by-layer deposition of Ag nanoparticles and polydopamine.
One-step synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes/ultra-thin Ni(OH)2 nanoplate composite as efficient catalysts for water oxidation
Authors: Zhou Xuemei , Xia Zhaoming , Zhang Zhiyun , Ma Yuanyuan , Qu Yongquan
Published: May 2014

One-step hydrothermal synthesis of ultra-thin β-Ni(OH)2 nanoplates (1.5–3.0 nm thickness) and their composite with multi-walled carbon nanotubes in the absence of surfactants function as highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction.
Ambipolar organic semiconductors with cascades of energy levels for generating long-lived charge separated states: a donor–acceptor1–acceptor2 architectural triarylamine dye
Authors: Wang Tianyang , Weerasinghe Krishanthi C. , Liu Dongzhi , Li Wei , Yan Xilong , Zhou Xueqin , Wang Lichang
Published: May 2014

An ambipolar semiconductor with a cascade of electronic energy levels generates a long-lived charge separated state for solar cell applications.
Development of Joint Engagement in Young Deaf and Hearing Children: Effects of Chronological Age and Language Skills
Authors: Cejas Ivette , Barker David H. , Quittner Alexandra L. , Niparko John K.
Published: May 2014

Purpose

To evaluate joint engagement (JE) in age-matched children with and without hearing and its relationship to oral language skills.

Method

Participants were 180 children with severe-to-profound hearing loss prior to cochlear implant surgery, and 96 age-matched children with normal hearing; all parents were hearing. JE was evaluated in a 10-minute videotaped free play task with parents. Engagement states ranged from the lowest (unengaged) to the highest level (symbol-infused coordinated). Standardized language measures were administered.

Results

Multivariate analyses were conducted between the groups, stratified by chronological and language age. Children who were deaf (Deaf) spent less time in total symbol-infused JE than children with normal hearing (NH) across all ages. The majority of the Deaf group (83%) fell in the lowest language age group, in comparison to 35% of the NH group, and spent significantly less time in symbol-infused JE than hearing children. These delays were also observed in the Deaf group, who fell into the 18-36 month language age. No children in the Deaf group had achieved a language age of > 36 months.

Conclusions

Young children with and without hearing had different developmental trajectories of JE, which were related to oral language skills.
Robust sliding mode learning control for uncertain discrete‐time multi‐input multi‐output systems
Authors: Tuan Do Manh , Man Zhihong , Zhang Cishen , Jin Jiong , Wang Hai
Published: May 2014

A robust sliding mode‐based learning control scheme is newly developed for a class of uncertain discrete‐time multi‐input multi‐output systems. In particular, a recursive‐learning controller is designed to enforce the sliding variable vector to reach and remain on the intersection of the sliding surfaces, and the system dynamics is then guaranteed to asymptotically converge to zero on the pre‐described sliding manifold with respect to uncertainty. The ‘Lipschitz‐like condition’ for sliding mode control systems, which presents an essential property of the continuity of uncertain systems, is further extended to the discrete‐time case establishing in this study. The appealing attributes of this approach include: (i) the knowledge of the bounds of the uncertainties is not required for the controller design, (ii) the closed‐loop system exhibits a strong robustness against uncertain dynamics and (iii) the control scheme enjoys the chattering‐free characteristic. Simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control technique.
New stability criterion using a matrix‐based quadratic convex approach and some novel integral inequalities
Authors: Zhang Xian‐Ming , Han Qing‐Long
Published: May 2014

This study is concerned with the stability of a linear system with an interval time‐varying delay. First, a new augmented Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) is constructed, which includes three integral terms in the form of ∫t−ht(h −t)+)s) j ẋT Rj ẋ (s) ds (j)=) 1, 2, 3). Second, three novel integral inequalities are established to estimate the upper bounds of the integrals ∫t−ht(h −t)+)s) j ẋT Rj ẋ (s) ds (j)=) 0, 1, 2) appearing in the derivative of the LKF. Third, a matrix‐based quadratic convex approach is introduced to prove not only the negative definiteness of the derivative of the LKF along with the trajectory of the system, but also the positive definiteness of the LKF. Finally, a novel delay‐derivative‐dependent stability criterion is formulated. The effectiveness of the stability criterion is shown through two numerical examples.
Synchronisation of directed coupled harmonic oscillators with sampled‐data
Authors: Sun Wen , Lü Jinhu , Chen Shihua , Yu Xinghuo
Published: May 2014

This study investigates the synchronisation problem of instantaneously coupled harmonic oscillators with directed topology. Two distributed algorithms, in which only sampled data are utilised, are proposed for directed coupled harmonic oscillators without and with communication delay, respectively. Necessary and sufficient conditions for achieving synchronised oscillatory motions are established. It is shown that instantaneously coupled harmonic oscillators can be synchronised if and only if each oscillator exchanges the velocity information with its neighbours in an appropriate sampling period which relates to the positive gain, the coupling strength, time delay and the non‐zero eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix. Simulations are given to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed algorithms.
Solid state 1H spin-lattice relaxation and isolated-molecule and cluster electronic structure calculations in organic molecular solids: The relationship between structure and methyl group and t-butyl group rotation
Authors: Wang Xianlong , Mallory Frank B. , Mallory Clelia W. , Odhner Hosanna R. , Beckmann Peter A.
Published: May 2014

We report ab initio density functional theory electronic structure calculations of rotational barriers for t-butyl groups and their constituent methyl groups both in the isolated molecules and in central molecules in clusters built from the X-ray structure in four t-butyl aromatic compounds. The X-ray structures have been reported previously. We also report and interpret the temperature dependence of the solid state 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spin-lattice relaxation rate at 8.50, 22.5, and 53.0 MHz in one of the four compounds. Such experiments for the other three have been reported previously. We compare the computed barriers for methyl group and t-butyl group rotation in a central target molecule in the cluster with the activation energies determined from fitting the 1H NMR spin-lattice relaxation data. We formulate a dynamical model for the superposition of t-butyl group rotation and the rotation of the t-butyl group's constituent methyl groups. The four compounds are 2,7-di-t-butylpyrene, 1,4-di-t-butylbenzene, 2,6-di-t-butylnaphthalene, and 3-t-butylchrysene. We comment on the unusual ground state orientation of the t-butyl groups in the crystal of the pyrene and we comment on the unusually high rotational barrier of these t-butyl groups.
Field programmable gate array processing for an improved low-light-level imaging system with higher detection sensibility
Authors: Tang Hongying , Yu Zhengtao
Published: May 2014

The method which employs the frame accumulation and shaped function is effective in low-light-level imaging. However, it has drawbacks of lower imaging speed and complex operation. To optimize the method, we provide the design of an improved low-light-level imaging system with higher detection sensibility. The design is developed specifically for a faster imaging speed based on field programmable gate arrays. It features the use of least-square algorithm and a saw-tooth wave varied light applied to the image sensor. By manipulation of the video signal in synchronous dynamic random access memory, a low-light-level image which was previously undetectable can be estimated. The design simplifies the imaging process and doubles the imaging speed, and makes the system adapted to long range imaging.
Structural dynamics of phenylisothiocyanate in the light-absorbing excited states: Resonance Raman and complete active space self-consistent field calculation study
Authors: Ouyang Bing , Xue Jia-Dan , Zheng Xuming , Fang Wei-Hai
Published: May 2014

The excited state structural dynamics of phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC) after excitation to the light absorbing S2(A′), S6(A′), and S7(A′) excited states were studied by using the resonance Raman spectroscopy and complete active space self-consistent field method calculations. The UV absorption bands of PITC were assigned. The vibrational assignments were done on the basis of the Fourier transform (FT)-Raman and FT-infrared measurements, the density-functional theory computations, and the normal mode analysis. The A-, B-, and C-bands resonance Raman spectra in cyclohexane, acetonitrile, and methanol solvents were, respectively, obtained at 299.1, 282.4, 266.0, 252.7, 228.7, 217.8, and 208.8 nm excitation wavelengths to probe the corresponding structural dynamics of PITC. The results indicated that the structural dynamics in the S2(A′), S6(A′), and S7(A′) excited states were very different. The conical intersection point CI(S2/S1) were predicted to play important role in the low-lying excited state decay dynamics. Two major decay channels were predicted for PITC upon excitation to the S2(A′) state: the radiative S2,min → S0 transition and the nonradiative S2 → S1 internal conversion via CI(S2/S1). The differences in the decay dynamics between methyl isothiocyanate and PITC in the first light absorbing excited state were discussed. The role of the intersystem crossing point ISC(S1/T1) in the excited state decay dynamics of PITC is evaluated.
Energetic semiconductor bridge device incorporating Al/MoOx multilayer nanofilms and negative temperature coefficient thermistor chip
Authors: Zhu Peng , Jiao Jianshe , Shen Ruiqi , Ye Yinghua , Fu Shuai , Li Dongle
Published: May 2014

The design, fabrication, and characterization of an energetic semiconductor bridge device are presented. The device consists of a semiconductor bridge heating element, which has been selectively coated with Al/MoOx multilayer nanofilms to enhance ignition of a conventional pyrotechnics. Integrated negative temperature coefficient thermistor chip provides protection against electromagnetic and electrostatic discharge events. The device was specifically configured to allow ease of interconnection by wire bonds and silver-filled conductive epoxy. Extensive design validation testing was performed. The device has demonstrated low, predictable firing energy and insensitivity. Al/MoOx multilayer nanofilms have no distinct influence on the electrical properties of semiconductor bridge. Nanothermite reaction provides reliable ignition by being able to ignite across a gap.
Sharp transition between two regimes of operation of dc discharge with two anodes and thermionic emission from cathode
Authors: Mustafaev A. S. , Demidov V. I. , Kaganovich I. D. , Koepke M. E. , Grabovskiy A.
Published: May 2014

In a dc discharge plasma with two anodes and thermionic emission from cathode, the two anodes are used for plasma control. The main anode is placed between the cathode and the other auxiliary anode has a circular opening for passing electron current from the cathode to the second anode. It is experimentally demonstrated that a plasma may exhibit a sudden transition between two quasi-stable conditions as one increases the cathode-electron current collected by the auxiliary anode through an aperture, i.e., hole, in the main anode. In one regime, a bright glowing “ball-shaped double layer” appears on the plasma side having a potential drop of 10–15 eV and concomitant ionization in the neighboring region attached to the opening. The second regime is characterized by a uniform potential profile in plasma and an absence of the ball-shaped double layer. The transition between these regimes is accompanied by a significant change in plasma properties, such as the electron energy distribution function (EEDF). Controlling the EEDF is a valuable capability in technological applications. Increasing the gas pressure leads to the elimination of the first regime for sufficiently high gas pressure, the threshold being a few Torr. The disappearance of a regime transition can be explained by invoking an EEDF transition, from being nonlocal at low pressure to becoming local at high pressure. Local EEDF is determined by local values of electric field. Nonlocal EEDF is determined by electric field values elsewhere, and the electron can travel without energy loss over a path much longer than the discharge dimension.
High-Q contacted ring microcavities with scatterer-avoiding “wiggler” Bloch wave supermode fields
Authors: Liu Yangyang , Popović Miloš A.
Published: May 2014

High-Q ring resonators with contacts to the waveguide core provide a versatile platform for various applications in chip-scale optomechanics, thermo-, and electro-optics. We propose and demonstrate azimuthally periodic contacted ring resonators based on multi-mode Bloch matching that support contacts on both the inner and outer radius edges with small degradation to the optical quality factor (Q). Radiative coupling between degenerate modes of adjacent radial spatial order leads to imaginary frequency (Q) splitting and a scatterer avoiding high-Q “wiggler” supermode field. We experimentally measure Qs up to 258 000 in devices fabricated in a silicon device layer on buried oxide undercladding and up to 139 000 in devices fully suspended in air using an undercut step. Wiggler supermodes are true modes of the microphotonic system that offer additional degrees of freedom in electrical, thermal, and mechanical design.
Mediterranean river buffalo CSN1S1 gene: search for polymorphisms and association studies
Authors: Cosenza G. , Pauciullo A. , Macciotta N. P. P. , Apicella E. , Steri R. , La Battaglia A. , Jemma L. , Coletta A. , Di Berardino D. , Ramunno L.
Published: May 2014

The aim of the present study was to investigate the variability at CSN1S1 locus of the Italian Mediterranean river buffalo and to study possible allele effects on milk yield and its composition. Effects of parity, calving season and month of production were also evaluated. Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms were detected. The first mutation, located at position 89 of the 17th exon (c.628C>T), is responsible for the amino acid change p.Ser178 (B allele)/Leu178 (A allele). The other two polymorphisms, detected at the positions 144 (c.882G>A) and 239 (c.977A>G) of 19th exon, respectively, are silent (3ʹ UTR, untranslated region). Associations between the CSN1S1 genotypes and milk production traits were investigated using 4122 test day records of 503 lactations from 175 buffalo cows. Milk yield, fat and protein percentages were analysed using a mixed linear model. A significant association between the c.628C>T SNP and the protein percentage was found. In particular, the CC genotype showed an average value ~0.04% higher than the CT and TT genotypes. The allele substitution effect of cytosine into thymine was –0.014, with a quite low (0.3%) protein percentage contribution to total phenotypic variance. A large dominance effect was detected. Characterisation of the CSN1S1 transcripts and a method based on MboI amplification created restriction site PCR for a rapid genotyping of c.628C>T are provided.
Fluid shear stress threshold regulates angiogenic sprouting
Authors: Galie Peter A. , Nguyen Duc-Huy T. , Choi Colin K. , Cohen Daniel M. , Janmey Paul A. , Chen Christopher S.
Published: May 2014

Significance

A great deal of research has investigated the biochemical factors that regulate angiogenic sprouting, but less is known about the role of fluid shear stress. Some studies have suggested distinct regulation by luminal flow within the vessel vs. transmural flow through its walls. In this paper, we demonstrate the existence of a shear stress threshold that when surpassed, induces angiogenic sprouting regardless of whether the shear is applied by primarily luminal or transmural flow. In addition to identifying matrix metalloproteinase 1 as the relevant downstream effector, we use finite-element modeling to predict spatial distributions of shear stress within 3D geometries that experimentally caused localized patterns of sprouting. Together, these studies demonstrate a means by which fluid flow can guide vasculature architecture.
Subthreshold resonance properties contribute to the efficient coding of auditory spatial cues
Authors: Remme Michiel W. H. , Donato Roberta , Mikiel-Hunter Jason , Ballestero Jimena A. , Foster Simon , Rinzel John , McAlpine David
Published: May 2014

Significance

Locating the source of a sound is critical to the survival of many species and an important factor in human communication. Auditory spatial cues—differences in the timing and intensity of sounds arriving at the two ears—are processed by specialized neurons in the brainstem. The importance of these cues varies with sound frequency. Through in vitro recordings we show that the biophysical properties of brainstem neurons vary with their presumed sound frequency tuning. Using neural modeling we demonstrate that the cell properties are well suited to extract spatial cues from natural sounds, including in background noise. Our findings also provide an explanation for human listening performance limits under noisy conditions and have implications for further development of cochlear implants.
Tightness–looseness across the 50 united states
Authors: Harrington Jesse R. , Gelfand Michele J.
Published: May 2014

Significance

The 50 states of the United States of America show great diversity in ecological and historical conditions, personality characteristics, and outcomes. Still, little insight exists that explains this variation. We argue that there is a common principle by which we can understand these differences: namely, that the states differ in tightness (many strongly enforced rules and little tolerance for deviance) versus looseness (few strongly enforced rules and greater tolerance for deviance). We develop a valid and reliable state-level tightness–looseness index, provide state rankings, and show how tightness is related to ecological and man-made threats, personality characteristics, and state-level outcomes. Ultimately, this substantiates theory suggesting that tightness–looseness is an adaptation to local environments and, therefore, is beneficial in understanding cultural variation across numerous levels of analysis.