bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of disaster risk reduction management program: basis for proposed innovations of school administrators in Bagumbayan Sultan Kudarat
Authors: Rubrico Jerwen
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to assess some schools' disaster risk reduction management practices in Sultan Kudarat Province. School administrators are expected to create innovative plans by seeking assistance from the local government, parents, NGOs, and other stakeholders in preparing the schools to withstand disasters and ensure the structural stability of school buildings, and the safety of teachers and learners. The purpose of innovations is to improve the field of information management, decision support or other disaster management processes. The identified landslide-prone areas and schools in Bagumbayan based on the Landslide Geo-Hazard Map by the DENR-Mines and Geosciences Bureau Landslide Tracker Application (2017) are the Barangay Chua and Barangay Titulok where the Chua Integrated School and Datu SangkiAkoy Elementary School are located, respectively. Results showed that the level of implementation in the disaster risk reduction management area is “moderate” which suggests that the level of school preparedness, mitigation, and resilience is moderately available for all but is often practiced. Moreover, actions, programs, and strategies that have been done for risk reduction management program management are often implemented. The BLGUs and the schools together with the school communities and the stakeholders are collaborating with regards to the implementation and sustainability of the program.
STREAMLINING SCHOOL CORRESPONDENCE: THE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A MAILING SYSTEM
Authors: Dharkar Aditi
Published: June 2024

Abstract: This research paper explores the development and implementation of an innovative school mailing system designed to enhance communication efficiency within educational institutions. The project addresses the critical need for a streamlined and reliable method for distributing information among students, faculty, and administration. By leveraging modern technologies, the system aims to reduce delays, minimize errors, and ensure the secure delivery of important messages. This study evaluates the system’s effectiveness through a comprehensive analysis of its design, functionality, and user feedback. The findings demonstrate significant improvements in communication efficiency, highlighting the potential of digital solutions to transform traditional school correspondence methods and foster a more connected educational environment. Index Terms – Communication efficiency, School networking, Web-Based Application, MERN Stack.
Melikşah Sezen, Kelâm Tarihinde Kadınların İzi, İstanbul: Kayıhan Yayınları, 1. Basım, 2021, 140 s.
Authors: Şahin Sümeyye
Published: June 2024

İslamiyet’in doğuşuyla beraber toplum içinde kadının rolü cahiliye dönemine oranla büyük değişim yaşamıştır. Cahiliye döneminde mevcut olan kadına bakış İslam’ın hükümleriyle büyük ölçüde değişmiş kadın hak ettiği değere İslam sayesinde kavuşmuştur. Toplum içinde daha fazla varlık gösteren kadınlar Peygamber Efendimiz zamanından itibaren aynı zamanda ilmi faaliyetlerde de kendilerini göstermişlerdir. Bu bağlamda başlıca ilgi ve çalışma alanları kelam, kelam tarihi, kelamın diğer ilimlerle ilişkisi olan Melikşah Sezen, bizlere bu eserinde çeşitli ilim dallarında kadınların ilmi faaliyetlerinden bahsederken özel olarak Kelam tarihinde kadınların nasıl bir iz bıraktığı, akaid ve kelam alanında ne gibi tahsil gördükleri, okudukları ve okuttukları eserler gibi konulara değinerek bizlere sistematik bir çalışma sunmayı hedeflemiştir.
Some generating functions of the Bessel and related orthogonal polynomials
Authors: SRIVASTAVA HARI MOHAN
Published: June 2024

Our main object in this article is to present several families of generating functions for the simple Bessel polynomials and the generalized Bessel polynomials . We also investigate and present various potentially useful generating-function relationships involving such other orthogonal polynomial systems as (for example) the Jacobi, Laguerre and Hermite polynomials, together with their specialized and parametrically-varied forms.
Stability and optimal control for differential constrained variational-hemivariational inequalities
Authors: MIGORSKI STANISŁAW
Published: June 2024

In this paper we analyze a differential variational-hemivariational inequality which consists of an evolution equation of first order and a time-dependent constrained variational-hemivariational inequality. First, we present a new stability result for the solution set with respect to a control parameter. Then, we derive an existence result for a general optimal control problem for the differential variational-hemivariational inequality. We provide an application of the results to a weak formulation of a quasistatic frictional elastic contact problem. A stability result of a set of weak solutions with respect to the densities of volume forces, tractions and heat sources, and the initial conditions for the temperature is examined. Finally, an existence of solutions for an optimal control problem for the contact model is discussed.
MODERASI DALAM BERBAGAI ASPEK KEHIDUPAN MANUSIA
Authors: Mustang Abubakar
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi konsep moderasi dalam berbagai dimensi kehidupan manusia. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kepustakaan, yang melibatkan pencarian dan analisis sumber-sumber informasi baik dalam bentuk cetak maupun digital yang terkait dengan moderasi. Peneliti melakukan penelusuran di perpustakaan serta menggunakan berbagai mesin pencari web untuk mengumpulkan data yang relevan. Kegiatan studi pustaka melibatkan pembacaan, pencatatan, dan pengolahan informasi dari berbagai sumber seperti buku, jurnal, dokumen, serta media cetak dan elektronik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa moderasi dalam konteks agama adalah konsistensi dalam mengikuti ajaran-ajaran Allah. Hal ini menjadikan umat Islam sebagai umat moderat, yaitu seimbang dalam beragama dan berinteraksi sosial di dunia. Al-Qur’an dan pemahaman ulama menegaskan bahwa umat Islam adalah umat yang baik, adil, dan seimbang, tidak ekstrem dalam beragama, namun juga tidak mengabaikan kewajiban agamanya. Moderasi memungkinkan manusia untuk bertindak secara adil dan menjadi teladan bagi orang lain. Konsep moderasi bukan hanya berlaku dalam satu aspek kehidupan, tetapi mencakup semua aspek, dengan pengaturan yang seimbang dan matang.
STUDI KOMPARASI PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA ANTARA SISWA YANG TINGGAL DI PONDOK PESANTREN DAN SISWA YANG TIDAK TINGGAL DI PONDOK PESANTREN
Authors: Salsabila Humaira , Nalim Yusuf
Published: June 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui prestasi belajar siswa yang tinggal di pondok pesantren, untuk mengetahui prestasi belajar siswa yang tidak tinggal di pondok pesantren, untuk mengetahui perbedaan prestasi belajar antara siswa yang tinggal di pondok dan siswa yang tidak tinggal di pondok pesantren. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 170 siswa. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan rumus Slovin, sehingga diperoleh sampel 62 siswa. Teknik sampling yang digunakan proportionate stratified random sampling, sehingga diperoleh 15 siswa yang tinggal di pondok dan 47 siswa yang tidak tinggal di pondok. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode tes dan metode dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, kemudian melakukan uji hipotesis uji-t sampel bebas. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Prestasi belajar siswa yang tinggal di pondok pesantren masuk dalam kategori kurang, hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil nilai rata-rata tes, yaitu 68,8 dalam interval 57-69. (2) Prestasi belajar siswa yang tidak tinggal di pondok pesantren masuk dalam kategori cukup, hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil rata-rata tes, yaitu 81,14 dalam interval 70-82. (3) Terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara siswa yang tinggal di pondok pesantren dan siswa yang tidak tinggal di pondok pesantren, hal ini dibuktikan dengan perhitungan hasil uji sampel t-tes yang diperoleh nilai sig.(2-tailed) 0,004 kurang dari 0,05, artinya  ditolak dan diterima.
Development of seasoning powder from foam-mat dried Artemia franciscana biomass
Authors: Minh Thuy Nguyen , Huong Anh Nguyen Ngoc , Kim Xuyen Nguyen Thi , Yen Vi Nguyen Hoang , Thuy Quyen Nguyen Hoang , Giau Tran Ngoc , Hao Hong Van , Tai Ngo Van , Hoa Nguyen Van
Published: June 2024

Seasoning powder was commonly produced from meat or poultry. In this research, it was produced from foam mat– dried Artemia powder with the addition of various spices. Six mixing formulas were created with Artemia powder ratios ranging from 60% to 35% (from A1 to A6) along with other spice ingredients such as sugar, salt, pepper powder, shallots powder, and monosodium glutamate (MSG) and analyzed for quality and sensory characteristics. The results showed that the highest protein content was achieved in sample A1 (48.3%) and the lowest in sample A6 (28.2%). Sample A5 (ratio of Artemia powder/sugar/salt/pepper powder/onion powder/MSG is 40:26:24:2:3:5) achieved the highest sensory score, followed by sample A4 (ratio of Artemia powder/sugar/salt/pepper/onion powder/ MSG is 45:23:22:2:3:5). The remaining samples (A1, A2, A3, and A6) had lower sensory scores. Microstructural image analysis (from scanning electron microscope) of sample A5 showed good uniformity, high nutritional value, especially high protein content (about 3.06–3.48 times) compared to other existing seasoning powder products on the market, and very good water-binding capacity.
Pharmaceutical emerging markets: technological mapping and innovation networks
Authors: Oliveira Karina Fernandes de , Santos Neusa Maria Bastos Fernandes dos , Munhoz Igor Polezi , Oliveira Gabriel Gomes de , Akkari Alessandra Cristina Santos
Published: June 2024

Traditionally, United States (US) and Europe stand out as pioneers in global pharmaceutical field, dictating the sector dynamics due to their high innovation rates. However, there is a growth of the pharmaceutical emerging markets, especially BRICS, due to increased income, expansion of health systems, and availability of human resources. This paper aimed to carried out a technological mapping and discuss pharmaceutical innovation strategies based on collaborative networks, considering a comparative approach. To this end, a study centered on the collection and statistical treatment of patent data extracted from international banks (WIPO and Derwent) between 1996–2018/2019 was developed. China was the most relevant pharmaceutical emerging market with highest number of patents (90,659) followed by Russia (22,013). The higher number of patents granted to foreigners than to residents, in BRICS, pointed to the great attractiveness of pharmerging regions. The innovation networks showed that emerging markets apply different innovation strategies than the pioneering countries in the pharmaceutical field, giving priority to more partnerships and weaker ties. This paper contributes to direct science, technology, and innovation policies to optimize innovation indexes especially for pharmaceutical emerging market.
Mulberry Leaf Powder as Protein Alternative for Poultry: A Review
Authors: Siddiqui Rukkiya , Raza Meesam , Mondal B.C. , Goswami Rashmi , Kumar Sawan , Rafiqui Muteeb Ullah , Kumar Sudhir , Arya Damini
Published: June 2024

Poultry production is one of the most important livestock sectors as it provides the cheapest animal protein in the form of eggs and meat for human consumption in the shortest period. Feed cost typically accounts for 60-75% of the total cost of poultry production. However, feed availability is decreasing due to the increasing demands of an expanding human population and significantly increased levels of biofuel production. Therefore, finding economical, cost-effective, and locally available alternatives to conventional feed sources could be one way to reduce poultry feed costs. Mulberry leaves, which have a high nutritional value, can be added to the list of feed alternatives for poultry feeding. Mulberry leaf fodder can be employed successfully in the poultry diet. They are readily digestible (70-90 %) by herbivorous animals as well as monogastric and are found to contain little or no anti-nutritional factor or toxic compounds. It positively influences the growth performance and nutrient utilization in broiler and laying hens. It has been found that mulberry leaves contain a variety of active substances, including polysaccharides, flavonoids, and polyphenols, which can reduce blood glucose and triglycerides, and have the function of antioxidation and regulation of lipid metabolism. The yolk colour has been improved in the eggs of the birds fed with mulberry leaf powder, which can be due to excessive amounts of xanthophylls in the leaves. Mulberry leaves also have an enormous potential to reduce feed cost as they can be used instead of expensive protein sources such as soybean meal and fish meal in poultry diets. Studies conducted with poultry indicated that addition of mulberry leaves are possible up to certain limits in poultry diets without any adverse effect on their performance.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Drought Stress Responses in Rice (Oryza sativa L.): Insights into Developmental Stage Variations from Germination to Grain Filling
Authors: Sadhukhan Deepanwita , Mukherjee Tiyasa , Sarkar Ayan , Devi Naorem Diana , Bisarya Dipti , Kumar Vinai , Jincy M.
Published: June 2024

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a critical staple food crop vulnerable to drought stress at key growth stages, namely the early seedling stage, vegetative phase, anthesis (reproductive stage), and grain ripening stage. The impact of drought stress on rice extends beyond mere water deficit, influencing a spectrum of morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses crucial for plant survival and productivity. This review synthesizes current understanding of rice responses to drought stress across its developmental stages, encompassing seed germination, seedling establishment, vegetative growth, reproductive development, and grain filling. Drought stress triggers multifaceted adaptations in rice, involving mechanisms such as escape, avoidance, tolerance, and recovery strategies to mitigate water scarcity effects. These responses are finely tuned across developmental stages, influencing traits like root architecture, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic efficiency, osmotic adjustment, and hormonal regulation. Understanding these responses is pivotal for enhancing rice resilience to drought, thereby safeguarding global food security and supporting the livelihoods of rice-dependent communities worldwide, particularly in regions like India where rice cultivation plays a crucial socioeconomic role. Challenges persist in deciphering the complex genetic and physiological networks underpinning drought responses in rice. Integrating omics approaches and advanced phenotyping techniques holds promise in unraveling these complexities and identifying genetic markers for drought tolerance. Furthermore, strategies such as breeding resilient cultivars and implementing agronomic practices tailored to specific growth stages are imperative for sustainable rice production under increasingly erratic climatic conditions. This review consolidates existing knowledge while highlighting gaps in current understanding, aiming to guide future research endeavors toward innovative solutions for enhancing rice drought resilience. By elucidating the intricate mechanisms governing rice responses to drought stress, this study contributes to the broader discourse on agricultural sustainability and climate change resilience in staple food crops.
Studies on Soil Health Condition as influenced by Sole and Intercropping System of Maize and Pulses under Rainfed Conditions
Authors: Nissa Seerat un , Habib Mehfooza , Shehnaz Efath , Rashid Zahida , Majid Shabeena , Iqbal Shahida , Hussan Shamshir ul , Ahngar Tanveer Ahmad
Published: June 2024

Field experiments was conducted at Research Farm of division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture & Regional Research Station, (FOA & RRS) Wadura, SKUAST-K, to investigate the soil health condition as influenced by Sole and Intercropping System of Maize and Pulses Under Rainfed Conditions with following aim 1, Impact of Intercropping on Soil health condition. 2, Impact of Intercropping on yield and dry matter yield of maize-pulse crop and 3, Impact of Intercropping on nutrient content and uptake of N, P, K, Ca and Zn. Seven treatments laid out in a completely randomized block design with three replicates. The cropping system consisted of sole maize, sole pulse (local bean), maize + pulse in single row at 60cm in row ratio (1:1), maize + pulse in paired row at 60cm in row ratio (1:2), maize + pulse in single row at 75cm in row ratio (1:1), maize + pulse in paired row at 75cm in row ratio (1:2) and maize with pulse as mixed cropping. Maize variety SMC4 (Shalimar Maize Composite 4 and Pulse variety (Local bean, Rajmash) were used. At the end of the vegetative cycle, yield and yield components were measured. Results showed that at harvest, dry matter yield of treatment T4, T6 were found to be statistically at par but statistically significant over the other treatments. Cropping system had a significant effect on maize grain equivalent yield. The highest bulk density (1.24 Mgm-3) was recorded in treatment T1 and lowest (1.19 Mgm-3) in treatment T2. Slightly higher pH was recorded in treatment T1. Highest soil organic carbon (1.49%) was found in treatment T2 and lowest found in treatment T1. The available N, P, K (kg ha-1) are as follow. Highest N (315.19), P (10.70) and K (212.16) was recorded in treatment T2 and lowest N (275.79), P (10.54) and K (207.19) war recorded in treatment T1respectively.Based on these results, it is concluded that increased intimacy between maize + pulse (local bean) in paired row at 60cm in row ratio 1:2) in an intercrop system increased maize yields, nutrient uptake and improve soil health condition.
Effect of ZnSo4 Priming on Storability, Seed Quality and Bulb Yield in Onion under Mid-Hill Condition of North Western Himalayas
Authors: Nissa Kamrul , Sharma Rajender , Bharat Narender Kumar , Thakur Anubhav
Published: June 2024

Seed storability and longevity is a major issue in onion seed and bulb. Priming can improve the storability in onion seeds. So a field and laboratory experiment was conducted to study the effect of zinc sulphate priming on seed and bulb quality in onion. There were eleven treatment combinations viz; T1 - 0.50 % ZnSO4 for 6 hrs, T2- 0.50 % ZnSO4 for 12 hrs, T3 - 0.50 % ZnSO4 for 24 hrs, T4 - 0.75 % ZnSO4 for 6 hrs, T5 -0.75 % ZnSO4 for 12 hrs, T6- 0.75 % ZnSO4 for 24 hrs, T7 - 1.0 % ZnSO4 for 6 hrs, T8-1.0 % ZnSO4 for 12 hrs, T9-1.0 % ZnSO4 for 24 hrs, T10 - Hydro- priming for 12 hrs, T11 – Control. Results indicated that treatment T6 was found significantly best in improving seed quality parameters like germination (%), seedling length (cm), dry weight (g), speed of germination, seed vigour index (I&II) and field parameters like plant height 45days after transplanting (cm), plant height at maturity (cm), number of leaves per plant, equilateral and polar diameter of bulb (mm), bulb weight (g), number of marketable bulb per plot and bulb yield/plot (kg) while leaf length (cm), neck thickness (mm) were not significantly affected by the treatment T6.
Investigating the Thermal Characteristics and Water Absorption Capacity of Post-consumer Recycled Low Density Polyethylene Hybrid Composite
Authors: Olowokere J.A , Odineze C.M
Published: June 2024

The ability of a roofing material to resist heat, fire and moisture due to human and environmental factor is a critical requirement of a roofing tile or sheet. This work is focused on the thermal properties and water absorption capacity of Hybrid polymer composites (HPC). Durable HPCs of varying filler and polymer matrix formulation content were produced from Eucalyptus globulus sawdust ash (EGSA), locust bean pod ash (LBPA) kaolin clay and post-consumer low density polyethylene -LDPE (water sachet). Process-mixture experiment design was used to generate 12 runs for the formulation mix. Recycled LDPE and virgin LDPE matrices were also produced and used as control samples for the analysis. The thermal properties of the HPC samples with the best and optimum tested mechanical property (HPC2 and HPC7) was analyzed to determine the thermal properties which is responsible for their resistive capacity to heat and fire, using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Similarly, the water absorption capacity (WAC) of the HPCs was also determined. Result from the thermal analysis shows that HPC7 recorded the lowest enthalpy (∆H) value of 92.13 J/g. On the other hand, HPC2 recorded the highest melting temperature (Tm) of 138.39 oC, glass transition temperature (Tg) of 63 oC, degree of crystallization (Xc) of 96.28 % and oxidation onset temperature (OOT) of 59.61oC. These recorded values are due to the strong covalent bond, initiated by the crosslinking effect of the double cycle of heat of polymer extrusion, and the reinforcing effects of the fillers. The values are in comparison with the control samples.  Furthermore, HPC 4 recorded the lowest water absorption capacity of 0.50% with good dimensional stability. This value is within the acceptable WAC limit, proposed for nonporous roofing tile by ASTM C373 -2018. The crosslinking effect of recycled LDPE matrix is also responsible for this good resistance to moisture. By extension, the WAC value is 20 times lower than the permissible standard value for general purpose roofing tiles. This HPC is recommended to be suitable for roofing purpose.
Global Amphibian Decline: Diversity, Threats and Management Strategies
Authors: Shelly  , Singh Rajwinder
Published: June 2024

Amphibians are small cold blooded tetra pods containing frogs, toads, caecilians and salamanders. There are over 8,500 species of amphibians known all over the world and nearly 447 species from India inhabiting water habitats. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)'s Red List of threatened species estimates that at least one-third of known amphibian species are threatened with extinction, a rate much higher than that for other vertebrate groups like birds and mammals. Amphibian population decline represent a leading example of biodiversity crisis as they are continuously disappearing from their habitats on a global scale. Factors responsible for the amphibian decline are numerous and complex likes habitat destruction, alien species invasive, over exploitation, climate change, infectious diseases and chemical contamination. Amphibians are the crucial component of the ecosystem so their conservation becomes the need of hour. The conservation priority should include the population monitoring and environment sensing, reservation of wetlands, reservoirs, ponds, habitat restoration and management, minimizing the use of pesticides, captive breeding program for endangered species and also awareness among local people about the importance of frogs and toads.
Career Development and Employee Performance in Public Sector Organizations in Tanzania: A Case of Kondoa District Council
Authors: Nyoni Norbert Peter
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to make a thoroughly analysis of the two research variables of Career Development and Employee Performance within the context of Kondoa District Council which is located in the city of Dodoma in Tanzania. The research involved an exploration of HR or Career Development Practices employed within the council and an examination of their real Outcomes in relation to Employee Performance and then generalize the findings in the whole public sector organizations in Tanzania. A mixed-method research approach was utilized with a Case Study Design. The study encompassed the 2 human Resource Managers, 10 Department Heads, 22 Stakeholders and 80 Common Employees as its target population, and hence 57 individuals were included in the sample. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews, which underwent validation and reliability checks. Quantitative data were analyzed Descriptive statistics simplified by using SPSS, while qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis. Ethical considerations were rigorously upheld throughout the study. The findings revealed that the majority of employees acknowledged the importance of training opportunities and perceived training programs as valuable for enhancing their job-related knowledge and skills. The problem that exists is that the management does not implement effectively the Career Development programs in Kondoa District Council to the extent that some of the employees have ignored the importance of this crucial H.R practice called Career Development. The study concludes that Career Development programs initiatives have a positive impact on employee performance, fostering increased job performance, commitment, efficiency, and competence. Therefore, to maximize the benefits of Career Development programs, the study recommends that it is vital to promote a culture of continuous learning and development within the organization and increasing budgetary support for implementation of the public sector organizations. Additionally, streamlining and harmonizing Training and Development Policies and all other regulations related to Career Development. The management must foster high motivation to employees when they present their career planning. Finally, public sector is advised to mitigate bureaucratic contradictions and create an environment conducive to Career Development programs initiatives.
Social networking and scientific communication: A paradoxical return to Mertonian roots?
Authors: Hogan Niamh M. , Sweeney Karl J.
Published: January 2013

Although modes of interaction between the two continue to evolve, society and science are inextricably linked. Preserving the integrity of science, and by extension society, in the era of Twitter and Facebook represents a significant challenge. The concept of open communication in science is not a new one. Sociologist and scientific historian Robert Merton elegantly chronicled the qualities, or “norms” of science as Communism, Universalism, Disinterestedness, and Organized Scepticism, referred to by the acronym “CUDOS.” Is social networking providing us with more efficient ways of upholding deep‐rooted principles, or are we at risk of compromising the integrity of science by bypassing traditional gatekeepers?
Cold model testing of a re‐circulating fluidised bed reactor working in alternate aeration— fuel burning cycles for chemical looping
Authors: Sharma Raman , Delebarre Arnaud , Alappat Babu
Published: January 2013

A re‐circulating fluidised bed (RCFB) reactor is proposed here for gaseous fuel combustion using chemical‐looping combustion (CLC). A single RCFB reactor was operated in alternate oxidation and reduction cycles for simulating the interconnected reactors arrangement for CLC. For this, a Perspex made transparent, concentric, semicircular cold model of RCFB reactor was used with three grades of Indian Standard sand. Operational parameters like bed inventory, pressure drop, particle size, suspension density, solid circulation rate, bed voidage and fluidisation gas velocity were studied to how they affect the performance of the RCFB reactor. The solid circulation rate has been found to increase with the increase in the bed inventory. Proper solid circulation rate is very much required for proper heat and mass transfer in an interconnected fluidised bed reactors system. The bed voidage is observed to be high during the aeration cycle and low during the reduction cycle. A high bed voidage during the oxidation cycle is appropriate for the fast oxidation reaction of the metal oxides. However, a low bed voidage is required for proper heat transfer for an endothermic reduction reaction in the fuel reactor. Suspension density in the downcomer of the RCFB reactor has been found to be increasing with bed inventory for both the oxidation and reduction cycles, which is good for the bed‐to‐wall heat transfer. A good observed solid circulation rate, operating voidage and suspension density add to the capability of RCFB to run CLC.
Work‐to‐Family Spillover Effects of Workplace Ostracism: The Role of Work‐Home Segmentation Preferences
Authors: Liu Jun , Kwan Ho Kwong , Lee Cynthia , Hui Chun
Published: January 2013

This study considers workplace ostracism as a source of stress and examines its spillover effects on the family. By integrating the work‐family interface model with boundary theory, we investigate the impact of workplace ostracism as perceived by employees on their family satisfaction by examining the mediating role of work‐to‐family conflict and the moderating role of work‐home segmentation preferences. The results from a three‐wave field survey of 233 employees in China indicate that workplace ostracism is negatively related to family satisfaction; this relationship is also mediated by work‐to‐family conflict. In addition, work‐home segmentation preferences attenuate the mediating effect of work‐to‐family conflict on the relationship between workplace ostracism and family satisfaction. The theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are discussed.
A Comprehensive Kinetic Model of Free‐Radical‐Mediated Interfacial Polymerization
Authors: Shenoy Raveesh , Bowman Christopher N.
Published: January 2013

A mathematical model describing interfacial radical polymerization‐based film formation on hydrogels is elucidated. A glucose oxidase‐mediated multistage initiation reaction is used to accomplish interfacial film formation. A polymer concentration‐dependent diffusion coefficient is used to reflect the changing mass transport conditions as the film develops. Model predictions of the film thickness as a function of the species concentrations agree well with experiments. The model predicts that the degree of initiation reaction delocalization with the enzyme‐mediated initiation system is significantly higher than an enzyme‐independent system, thus affecting the film growth rate and structure. The mass transport properties of the film and its adhesion to the underlying substrate are also investigated.

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iSchools and l‐schools: Converging or diverging communities?
Authors: Lopatovska Irene , Pattuelli M. Cristina , Bates Marcia J. , Buckland Michael , Dalbello Marija , Hastings Samantha , Giannini Tula
Published: January 2013

The panel will discuss the intellectual differences between iSchool and Information Science programs that are not part of the iSchool Caucus, referred here as L‐Schools. The panelists, who represent both communities, will discuss the foundational, philosophical, and formal differences between the two types of programs, and focus on the intellectual diversity of the two academic communities.
Arabic web interface design through the eyes of Hofstede
Authors: Khashman Nouf , Large Andrew
Published: January 2013

This study examines selected design characteristics of government Web interfaces from ten Arab countries using Hofstede's cultural dimensions. Organizational and graphical elements from 100 ministry Web interfaces from Jordan, Syria, Yemen, Sudan, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Bahrain, Qatar, and Oman were examined using content analysis method. The results suggest that Hofstede's model of culture does not fully reflect the design characteristics of these interfaces.
Analytical and computational procedure for solving the consolidation problem of layered soils
Authors: Sadiku S.
Published: January 2013

One‐dimensional consolidation analysis of layered soils conventionally entails solving a system of differential equations subject to the flow conditions at the bounding upper and lower surfaces, as well as the continuity conditions at the interface of every pair of contiguous layers. Formidable computational efforts are required to solve the ensuing transcendental equations expressing the matching conditions at the interfaces, using this method. In this paper, the jump discontinuities in the flow parameters upon crossing from one layer to the other have been systematically built into a single partial differential equation governing the space–time variation of the excess pore pressure in the entire composite medium, by the use of the Heaviside distribution. Despite the presence of the discontinuities in the coefficients of the differential equation, a closed‐form solution in the sense of an infinite generalized Fourier series is obtained, in addition to which is the development of a Green's function for the differential problem. The eigenfunctions of the composite medium are the coordinate functions of the series, obtained computationally through the application of the extended equations of Galerkin. The analysis has been illustrated by solving the consolidation problem of a four‐layer composite, and the results obtained agree very well with the results obtained by previous researchers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Manual for the Preparation and Staining of Embedded Natural Dry Bone Tissue Sections for Microscopy
Authors: de Boer H. H. , Aarents M. J. , Maat G. J. R.
Published: January 2013

In the last decade, the use of light microscopy has been firmly established for the investigation of exhumated human bone tissue. As a rule, these remains cannot be decalcified; thus, they are most commonly prepared for microscopic analysis as ground thin sections. These ground sections are of great value in diagnosing disease, in estimating age or in assessing taphonomic alteration. As bone is sometimes fragile and can be damaged by the grinding process, the specimen is occasionally supported by an embedding medium.

In contrast to the vast amount of research conducted on embedded and unembedded unstained bone material, the use of histological stains on undecalcified dry bone tissue has been long neglected. In this article, a new method for embedding, sawing and grinding dry bone tissue is presented. The produced sections are subsequently stained with haematoxylin. The results show that even ground sections of fragile bone can be made in a quick and easy manner. Staining these sections enhances the envisioning of micro‐architecture and taphonomical processes. In addition, the sections stay open for inspection under polarized light. The results were consistent throughout the used bone material. To keep the method as accessible and comprehensive as possible, a step‐wise manual is provided. An additional troubleshooting paragraph discusses the most often encountered problems and provides solutions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parent's attitude toward prenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancy could be influenced by other factors rather than by the severity of the condition
Authors: Alsulaiman Ayman , Abu‐Amero Khaled K.
Published: January 2013

Objective

The aim of this study is to investigate whether the severity of a particular condition alone influences parents' attitudes toward prenatal diagnosis (PND) and termination of pregnancy (TOP) or are there other factors involved?

Methods

A questionnaire that mainly focuses on parent's attitude toward PND and TOP for 30 different hypothetical scenarios for a series of genetic, non‐genetic, and non‐medical conditions were completed by 400 Saudi parents. Results were compared and scored and parent comments were noted. Additionally, cross tabulation of thalassemia, considered the most severe and had the most favorable PND and TOP, against the 29 other conditions were carried out to find similarities and different views toward TOP and PND.

Results

We found that parents' attitudes toward PND and TOP for thalassemia are significantly associated with their attitudes in relation to all of the other conditions (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Saudi Parents' attitudes toward TOP and PND are not always influenced by the severity of the condition. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Secure hybrid multibit multiplicative watermarking for media distribution over mobile Internet
Authors: Wang Jinwei , Yan Leiming , Han Jin , Wang Yuxiang
Published: January 2013

With the rapid development and rich applications of mobile Internet, security issues become urgent. For example, piracy of media content (image, audio, or video) becomes easier because mobile Internet provides more ways to re‐distribute media contents. Watermarking has been regarded as a potential solution for identifying pirate copies. However, the watermarking algorithms' security and robustness are still not ideal enough for practical applications, especially in mobile scenarios with more attacks. In this paper, a novel hybrid multiplicative watermarking algorithm is proposed to obtain higher security and good robustness. In this algorithm, two embedding rules are changed according to the secret key, which embed the watermark into Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) coefficients. The secret key improves the watermark system's security. Additionally, the optimum and locally optimum hybrid multiplicative watermarking decoders are proposed, respectively, to detect the watermark. Because it works with two rules, it obtains a tradeoff in robustness. Various comparative experiments are carried out, and results are given to prove the valid of theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Learning Curriculum: Toward Student‐Driven Pedagogy in the Context of Adult English for Academic Purposes, English for Specific Purposes, and Workplace English Programs
Authors: Ananyeva Maria
Published: January 2013

This article introduces the concept of a learning curriculum that places adult English as a second language (ESL) students' needs in the center and encourages the engagement of ESL learners in curriculum design. The study is based on contemporary research in the field of adult ESL program planning. It summarizes key components of a learning curriculum: holistic needs assessment conducted by and with ESL learners, content‐based curriculum, and culture‐based education for life and for rights—a curriculum that pushes boundaries and inspires ESL educators to acquire challenging new roles. In her conclusion, the author offers some practical advice and ideas about the implementation of a learning curriculum in adult ESL settings.
Hydrogel drug delivery system with predictable and tunable drug release and degradation rates
Authors: Ashley Gary W. , Henise Jeff , Reid Ralph , Santi Daniel V.
Published: January 2013

Many drugs and drug candidates are suboptimal because of short duration of action. For example, peptides and proteins often have serum half-lives of only minutes to hours. One solution to this problem involves conjugation to circulating carriers, such as PEG, that retard kidney filtration and hence increase plasma half-life of the attached drug. We recently reported an approach to half-life extension that uses sets of self-cleaving linkers to attach drugs to macromolecular carriers. The linkers undergo β-eliminative cleavage to release the native drug with predictable half-lives ranging from a few hours to over 1 y; however, half-life extension becomes limited by the renal elimination rate of the circulating carrier. An approach to overcoming this constraint is to use noncirculating, biodegradable s.c. implants as drug carriers that are stable throughout the duration of drug release. Here, we use β-eliminative linkers to both tether drugs to and cross-link PEG hydrogels, and demonstrate tunable drug release and hydrogel erosion rates over a very wide range. By using one β-eliminative linker to tether a drug to the hydrogel, and another β-eliminative linker with a longer half-life to control polymer degradation, the system can be coordinated to release the drug before the gel undergoes complete erosion. The practical utility is illustrated by a PEG hydrogel–exenatide conjugate that should allow once-a-month administration, and results indicate that the technology may serve as a generic platform for tunable ultralong half-life extension of potent therapeutics.
Coordinated regulation of synthesis and stability of RNA during the acute TNF-induced proinflammatory response
Authors: Paulsen Michelle T. , Veloso Artur , Prasad Jayendra , Bedi Karan , Ljungman Emily A. , Tsan Ya-Chun , Chang Ching-Wei , Tarrier Brendan , Washburn Joseph G. , Lyons Robert , Robinson Daniel R. , Kumar-Sinha Chandan , Wilson Thomas E. , Ljungman Mats
Published: January 2013

Steady-state gene expression is a coordination of synthesis and decay of RNA through epigenetic regulation, transcription factors, micro RNAs (miRNAs), and RNA-binding proteins. Here, we present bromouride labeling and sequencing (Bru-Seq) and bromouridine pulse-chase and sequencing (BruChase-Seq) to assess genome-wide changes to RNA synthesis and stability in human fibroblasts at homeostasis and after exposure to the proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The inflammatory response in human cells involves rapid and dramatic changes in gene expression, and the Bru-Seq and BruChase-Seq techniques revealed a coordinated and complex regulation of gene expression both at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. The combinatory analysis of both RNA synthesis and stability using Bru-Seq and BruChase-Seq allows for a much deeper understanding of mechanisms of gene regulation than afforded by the analysis of steady-state total RNA and should be useful in many biological settings.
Characterization of the polydnaviral ‘T. rostrale virus’ (TrV) gene family: TrV1 expression inhibits in vitro cell proliferation
Authors: Djoumad Abdelmadjid , Dallaire Fréderic , Lucarotti Christopher J. , Cusson Michel
Published: January 2013

Tranosema rostrale ichnovirus (TrIV) is a polydnavirus (PDV) transmitted by the endoparasitic wasp T. rostrale to its host Choristoneura fumiferana during oviposition. PDV genes are expressed in infected caterpillars, causing physiological disturbances that promote the survival of the developing endoparasite. The previously sequenced genome of TrIV contains ~86 genes organized in multigene families and distributed on multiple segments of circular dsDNA. Among these, the ‘T. rostrale virus’ (TrV) family comprises seven genes that are absent in other PDV genomes examined to date and whose function(s) remain(s) unknown. Here, we initiated a functional analysis of the TrV family using qPCR, transfection and RNAi approaches. TrV family genes were weakly expressed in wasp ovaries, but some displayed high transcript abundance in parasitized caterpillars. Whilst TrV1 was the most highly transcribed TrV gene in infected caterpillars, transcript levels for TrV5 and TrV6 were nearly undetectable, indicating that they may be pseudogenes. Temporal and tissue-specific patterns of transcript abundance were similar for all expressed TrV family genes, indicative of an apparent lack of difference in function or tissue specificity. Infection of Cf-203 and Sf-21 insect cells with TrIV led to a dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation with no sign of apoptosis. Whilst similar inhibition was observed following transfection of cells with a cloned genome segment carrying the TrV1 gene, RNA interference targeting TrV1 largely restored cell growth in TrIV-infected cells, indicating that TrV1 expression was responsible for the observed inhibition. We suggest that TrV genes may contribute to host developmental disruption by interfering with host-cell proliferation during parasitism.
The feasibility of replacing the sliding scale duty with cotton subsidies in China
Authors: Wang Xuejun , Maeda Koshi , Mao Xuefeng
Published: January 2013

Purpose

This paper aims to determine whether domestic cotton support permitted by the current or potential World Trade Organization (WTO) rules would be sufficient to compensate the cost to China's cotton farmers if the sliding scale duty (SSD) on cotton imports is removed.

Design/methodology/approach

The simulation was conducted using a static spatial equilibrium model (SEM) of the world cotton market. First, a base model was specified to provide a good representation of the world cotton market's conditions. Second, simulations were conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing the SSD and subsidizing cotton producers pursuant to the current or potential WTO rules on domestic cotton support.

Findings

The results of the simulations suggest that China's cotton farmers are bound to incur losses. In either case, cotton subsidies permitted by the current or potential WTO rules are not sufficient to compensate for the cost to China's cotton producers if the SSD is eliminated.

Research limitations/implications

It should be pointed out that these findings could suffer from a bias, primarily because the authors assumed that the WTO's blue box subsidies have no incentives for farmers to produce, and no substitution between cotton and alternative products. Thus, additional work is needed to reflect a more realistic situation in future studies.

Originality/value

The simulation estimation contributes to a better understanding of the issue of whether China should replace the current SSD with cotton subsidies to protect cotton producers.
Polymorphisms within the COL5A1 3′‐UTR That Alters mRNA Structure and the MIR608 Gene are Associated with Achilles Tendinopathy
Authors: Abrahams Yoonus , Laguette Mary‐Jessica , Prince Sharon , Collins Malcolm
Published: January 2013

COL5A1 encodes for the α1 chain of type V collagen, an important regulator of fibril assembly in tendons, ligaments and other connective tissues. A polymorphism (rs12722) within the functional COL5A1 3′‐untranslated region (UTR) has been shown to associate with chronic Achilles tendinopathy and other exercise‐related phenotypes. The COL5A1 3′‐UTR contains several putative cis‐acting elements including a functional Hsa‐miR‐608 binding site. The aim of this study was to determine whether previously uncharacterized polymorphisms within a functional region of the COL5A1 3′‐UTR or the MIR608 gene are associated with chronic Achilles tendinopathy. The effect of these COL5A1 3′‐UTR polymorphisms on the 3′‐UTR predicted mRNA secondary structure was also investigated. One hundred and sixty Caucasian chronic Achilles tendinopathic and 342 control participants were genotyped for the COL5A1 3′‐UTR markers rs71746744, rs16399 and rs1134170, as well as marker rs4919510 within MIR608. All four genetic markers were independently associated with chronic Achilles tendinopathy. The COL5A1 polymorphisms appear to alter the predicted secondary structure of the 3′‐UTR. We propose that the secondary structure plays a role in the regulation of the COL5A1 mRNA stability and by implication type V collagen production.
Interactive programme to enhance protective factors for eating disorders in girls with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Wilksch Simon M. , Starkey Karina , Gannoni Anne , Kelly Tania , Wade Tracey D.
Published: January 2013

Aims

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a pilot programme in enhancing protective factors for eating disorders in young girls with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods

Twenty girls with T1D (M age = 11.06 years) attended two 4‐h group sessions. A 4‐week baseline control period was compared against changes at post‐programme and at 1‐month follow‐up on measures of eating disorder risk factors and indicators of glycaemic control.

Results

At post‐intervention, significant improvements were found for self‐efficacy related to diabetes management, self‐esteem, body‐esteem,thin‐ideal internalization and perfectionism. These gains were maintained at 1‐month follow‐up. Participants were also rated by their parents as assuming more responsibility for specific diabetes‐related tasks at follow‐up.

Conclusions

A brief interactive programme can favourably impact protective factors for disordered eating. The development of effective disordered eating prevention strategies for girls with T1D is an urgent priority and the current study is a first step in this direction.