bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pesan editor
Authors: Takwin Bagus
Published: February 2019

Jurnal Psikologi Sosial (JPS) telah mengalami beberapa kali perubahan sejak pertama kali terbit. Kini, memasuki tahun ke-3 setelah bekerja sama dengan Ikatan Psikologi Sosial, JPS mengalami dua perubahan, yaitu perubahan situs web dan format jurnal. Mulai dari edisi Volume 17 Nomor 1 2019, JPS menggunakan situs web baru. Penerbitan edisi ini sekaligus menjadi peluncuran situs web baru JPS. Format JPS berubah baik pada versi cetak maupun versi daring. Ada perubahan format halaman sampul dan perwajahan di halaman dalam JPS. Perubahan ini dilakukan untuk mempersegar penampilan JPS. Selain itu, logo JPS juga berubah disesuaikan dengan perubahan tata cara pembuatan dan penggunaan logo di UI. Pada edisi Volume 17 Nomor 1 2019 ada enam artikel yang diterbitkan. Melalui pesan ini, editor mengupas secara singkat ringkasan tiap naskah dan berharap agar keenam naskah ini memberikan sumbangan bagi perkembangan psikologi sosial dan bermanfaat bagi pembaca.
Peran Moderasi Kompetisi Antar-Kelompok dalam Hubungan Antara Identifikasi Kolektif dan Ingroup Criticism pada Kelompok Suporter Sepakbola
Authors: Widhyastuti Cahyaning , Ariyanto Amarina
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran kompetisi antar kelompok dalam memoderasi hubungan antara identifikasi kolektif dan kesediaan anggota kelompok mengkritik ingroup(ingroup criticism) khususnya pada kelompok suportersepak bola. Partisipan penelitian ini berjumlah 159 laki-laki dengan rentang usia antara 14-42 tahun (M= 21,53, SD= 4,18) yang merupakan anggota dari suatu kelompok suporter sepak bola di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan memanipulasi kompetisi antar kelompok (ada kompetisi vs tidak ada kompetisi) dengan menggunakan narasi. Analisis data penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis moderasi model 1 dalam ProcessMACRO yang dikembangkan Hayes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada interaksi yang signifikan antara identifikasi kolektif dan kompetisi antar kelompok dengan ingroup criticism, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa kompetisi antar kelompok dalam penelitian ini tidak memengaruhi interaksi identifikasi kolektif terhadap ingroup criticism. Namun, ada pengaruh langsung yang signifikan dari baik identifikasi kolektif maupun kompetisi antar kelompok terhadap ingroup criticism.
Leave-One-Trial-Out, LOTO, a general approach to link single-trial parameters of cognitive models to neural data
Authors: Gluth Sebastian , Meiran Nachshon
Published: February 2019

A key goal of model-based cognitive neuroscience is to estimate the trial-by-trial fluctuations of cognitive model parameters in order to link these fluctuations to brain signals. However, previously developed methods are limited by being difficult to implement, time-consuming, or model-specific. Here, we propose an easy, efficient and general approach to estimating trial-wise changes in parameters: Leave-One-Trial-Out (LOTO). The rationale behind LOTO is that the difference between parameter estimates for the complete dataset and for the dataset with one omitted trial reflects the parameter value in the omitted trial. We show that LOTO is superior to estimating parameter values from single trials and compare it to previously proposed approaches. Furthermore, the method makes it possible to distinguish true variability in a parameter from noise and from other sources of variability. In our view, the practicability and generality of LOTO will advance research on tracking fluctuations in latent cognitive variables and linking them to neural data.
PUMILIO hyperactivity drives premature aging of Norad-deficient mice
Authors: Kopp Florian , Elguindy Mahmoud M , Yalvac Mehmet E , Zhang He , Chen Beibei , Gillett Frank A , Lee Sungyul , Sivakumar Sushama , Yu Hongtao , Xie Yang , Mishra Prashant , Sahenk Zarife , Mendell Joshua T
Published: February 2019

Although numerous long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified, our understanding of their roles in mammalian physiology remains limited. Here, we investigated the physiologic function of the conserved lncRNA Norad in vivo. Deletion of Norad in mice results in genomic instability and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to a dramatic multi-system degenerative phenotype resembling premature aging. Loss of tissue homeostasis in Norad-deficient animals is attributable to augmented activity of PUMILIO proteins, which act as post-transcriptional repressors of target mRNAs to which they bind. Norad is the preferred RNA target of PUMILIO2 (PUM2) in mouse tissues and, upon loss of Norad, PUM2 hyperactively represses key genes required for mitosis and mitochondrial function. Accordingly, enforced Pum2 expression fully phenocopies Norad deletion, resulting in rapid-onset aging-associated phenotypes. These findings provide new insights and open new lines of investigation into the roles of noncoding RNAs and RNA binding proteins in normal physiology and aging.
Connexin-43-dependent ATP release mediates macrophage activation during sepsis
Authors: Dosch Michel , Zindel Joël , Jebbawi Fadi , Melin Nicolas , Sanchez-Taltavull Daniel , Stroka Deborah , Candinas Daniel , Beldi Guido
Published: February 2019

Bacterial spillage into a sterile environment following intestinal hollow-organ perforation leads to peritonitis and fulminant sepsis. Outcome of sepsis critically depends on macrophage activation by extracellular ATP-release and associated autocrine signalling via purinergic receptors. ATP-release mechanisms, however, are poorly understood. Here, we show that TLR-2 and −4 agonists trigger ATP-release via Connexin-43 hemichannels in macrophages leading to poor sepsis survival. In humans, Connexin-43 was upregulated on macrophages isolated from the peritoneal cavity in patients with peritonitis but not in healthy controls. Using a murine peritonitis/sepsis model, we identified increased Connexin-43 expression in peritoneal and hepatic macrophages. Conditional Lyz2cre/creGja1flox/flox mice were developed to specifically assess Connexin-43 impact in macrophages. Both macrophage-specific Connexin-43 deletion and pharmacological Connexin-43 blockade were associated with reduced cytokine secretion by macrophages in response to LPS and CLP, ultimately resulting in increased survival. In conclusion, inhibition of autocrine Connexin-43-dependent ATP signalling on macrophages improves sepsis outcome.
Brain-wide cellular resolution imaging of Cre transgenic zebrafish lines for functional circuit-mapping
Authors: Tabor Kathryn M , Marquart Gregory D , Hurt Christopher , Smith Trevor S , Geoca Alexandra K , Bhandiwad Ashwin A , Subedi Abhignya , Sinclair Jennifer L , Rose Hannah M , Polys Nicholas F , Burgess Harold A
Published: February 2019

Decoding the functional connectivity of the nervous system is facilitated by transgenic methods that express a genetically encoded reporter or effector in specific neurons; however, most transgenic lines show broad spatiotemporal and cell-type expression. Increased specificity can be achieved using intersectional genetic methods which restrict reporter expression to cells that co-express multiple drivers, such as Gal4 and Cre. To facilitate intersectional targeting in zebrafish, we have generated more than 50 new Cre lines, and co-registered brain expression images with the Zebrafish Brain Browser, a cellular resolution atlas of 264 transgenic lines. Lines labeling neurons of interest can be identified using a web-browser to perform a 3D spatial search (zbbrowser.com). This resource facilitates the design of intersectional genetic experiments and will advance a wide range of precision circuit-mapping studies.
The evolution of hearing and balance
Authors: Weghorst Forrest P , Cramer Karina S
Published: February 2019

New genetic tools have allowed researchers to compare how the brainstem auditory and vestibular nuclei develop in embryonic chicks and mice.
Elevational patterns of the percentages of plant genera with tropical and temperate affinities in Nepal
Authors: Lai Yunyun , Feng Jianmeng
Published: February 2019

Background

Geographical patterns of species diversity are one of the key topics in biogeography and ecology. The effects of biogeographical affinities on the elevational patterns of species diversity have attracted much attention recently, but the factors driving elevational patterns of the percentages of plants with tropical and temperate biogeographical affinities have not been adequately explored.

Methods

We first used univariate least squares regressions to evaluate the effects of each predictor on the elevational patterns of the percentages of plant genera with tropical and temperate affinities in Nepal. Then, the lowest corrected Akaike information criterion value was used to find the best-fit models for all possible combinations of the aforementioned predictors. We also conducted partial regression analysis to investigate the relative influences of each predictor in the best-fit model of the percentages of plant genera with tropical and temperate affinities.

Results

With the increase of elevation, the percentage of plant genera with tropical affinity significantly decreased, while that of plant genera with temperate affinity increased. The strongest predictor of the percentages of plant genera with tropical affinity in the examined area was the minimum temperature of the coldest month. For the elevational patterns of the percentages of plant genera with temperate affinity, the strongest predictor was the maximum temperature of the warmest month. Compared with mid-domain effects (MDE), climatic factors explained much more of the elevational variation of the percentages of plant genera with tropical and temperate affinities.

Discussion

The elevational patterns of the percentages of plant genera with tropical affinities and the factors driving them supported the revision of the freezing-tolerance hypothesis. That is, freezing may filter out plant genera with tropical affinity, resulting in the decrease of their percentages, with winter coldness playing a predominant role. Winter coldness may not only exert filtering effects on plant genera with tropical affinity, but may also regulate the interactions between plant genera with tropical and temperate affinities. The elevational patterns of tropical and temperate plant diversities, and those of their percentages, might be controlled by different factors or mechanisms. Freezing-tolerance and the interactions between plant genera with tropical and temperate affinities regulated by climatic factors played stronger roles than MDE in shaping the elevational patterns of the percentages of plant genera with tropical and temperate affinities in Nepal.
Invasion genetics of the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus): recent anthropogenic introduction in Iberia
Authors: Morim Teófilo , Bigg Grant R. , Madeira Pedro M. , Palma Jorge , Duvernell David D. , Gisbert Enric , Cunha Regina L. , Castilho Rita
Published: February 2019

Human activities such as trade and transport have increased considerably in the last decades, greatly facilitating the introduction and spread of non-native species at a global level. In the Iberian Peninsula,Fundulus heteroclitus, a small euryhaline coastal fish with short dispersal, was found for the first time in the mid-1970s. Since then,F. heteroclitushas undergone range expansions, colonizing the southern region of Portugal, southwestern coast of Spain and the Ebro Delta in the Mediterranean Sea. Cytochromebsequences were used to elucidate the species invasion pathway in Iberia. Three Iberian locations (Faro, Cádiz and Ebro Delta) and 13 other locations along the native range ofF. heteroclitus in North America were sampled. Results revealed a single haplotype, common to all invasive populations, which can be traced to the northern region of the species’ native range. We posit that the origin of the founder individuals is between New York and Nova Scotia. Additionally, the lack of genetic structure within Iberia is consistent with a recent invasion scenario and a strong founder effect. We suggest the most probable introduction vector is associated with the aquarium trade. We further discuss the hypothesis of a second human-mediated introduction responsible for the establishment of individuals in the Ebro Delta supported by the absence of adequate muddy habitats linking Cádiz and the Ebro Delta. Although the species has a high tolerance to salinity and temperature, ecological niche modelling indicates that benthic habitat constraints prevent along-shore colonisation suggesting that such expansions would need to be aided by human release.
Impact of intercropping on the coupling between soil microbial community structure, activity, and nutrient-use efficiencies
Authors: Lian Tengxiang , Mu Yinghui , Jin Jian , Ma Qibin , Cheng Yanbo , Cai Zhandong , Nian Hai
Published: February 2019

Sugarcane-soybean intercropping has been widely used to control disease and improve nutrition in the field. However, the response of the soil microbial community diversity and structure to intercropping is not well understood. Since microbial diversity corresponds to soil quality and plant health, a pot experiment was conducted with sugarcane intercropped with soybean. Rhizosphere soil was collected 40 days after sowing, and MiSeq sequencing was utilized to analyze the soil microbial community diversity and composition. Soil columns were used to assess the influence of intercropping on soil microbial activity (soil respiration and carbon-use efficiency: nitrogen-use efficiency ratio). PICRUSt and FUNGuild analysis were conducted to predict microbial functional profiling. Our results showed that intercropping decreased pH by approximately 8.9% and enhanced the soil organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, and available nitrogen (N) by 5.5%, 13.4%, and 10.0%, respectively. These changes in physicochemical properties corresponded to increased microbial diversity and shifts in soil microbial communities. Microbial community correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with soil respiration rates and nutrient use efficiency. Furthermore, intercropping influenced microbial functions, such as carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes, citrate cycle (TCA cycle) of bacteria and wood saprotrophs of fungi. These overrepresented functions might accelerate nutrient conversion and control phytopathogens in soil.
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using a modified Tollens’ method in conjunction with phytochemicals and assessment of their antimicrobial activity
Authors: AbuDalo Muna A. , Al-Mheidat Ismaeel R. , Al-Shurafat Alham W. , Grinham Colleen , Oyanedel-Craver Vinka
Published: February 2019

Background

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted great attention due to their outstanding electrical, optical, magnetic, catalytic, and antimicrobial properties. However, there is a need for alternative production methods that use less toxic precursors and reduce their undesirable by-products. Phyto-extracts from the leaves of olive and rosemary plants can be used as reducing agents and (in conjunction with Tollens’ reagent) can even enhance AgNP antimicrobial activity.

Methods

Conditions for the proposed hybrid synthesis method were optimized for olive leaf extracts (OLEs) and rosemary leaf extracts (RLEs). The resultant AgNPs were characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, an environmental scanning electron microscope, and Dynamic Light Scattering analysis. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to measure AgNP concentration. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to determine the specific functional groups responsible for the reduction of both silver nitrate and capping agents in the leaf extract. Additionally, the antimicrobial properties of the synthesized AgNPs were assessed against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), by using both the Kirby–Bauer and broth microdilution methods on Mueller–Hinton (MH) agar plates.

Results and Discussion

A simple, feasible, and rapid method has been successfully developed for silver nanoparticle synthesis by reducing Tollens’ reagent using leaf extracts from olive and rosemary plants (widely available in Jordan). Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the method produces AgNPs with a spherical shape and average core sizes of 45 ± 2 and 38 ± 3 nm for OLE and RLE, respectively. A negative zeta potential (ζ) of −43.15 ± 3.65 mV for OLE-AgNPs and −33.65 ± 2.88mV for RLE-AgNPs proved the stability of silver nanoparticles. FTIR spectra for AgNPs and leaf extracts indicated that the compounds present in the leaf extracts play an important role in the coating/capping of synthesized nanoparticles. The manufactured AgNPs exhibited an antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 9.38 and 4.69 μl/ml for OLE-AgNPs and RLE-AgNPs, respectively. The MIC for Salmonella enterica were 18.75 μl/ml for both OLE-AgNPs and RLE-AgNPs. Furthermore, our results indicated that the RLE-AgNPs exhibited a stronger antibacterial effect than OLE-AgNPs against different bacteria species. These results contribute to the body of knowledge on nanoparticle production using plant-mediated synthesis and performance. They also offer insights into the potential for scaling up this production process for commercial implementation.
Presoaking Treatment of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] Seeds Using Fermented Plant Extracts and Commercial Liquid Fertilizer
Authors: Cejalvo Reneliza , Mercado Maria Fatima O.
Published: February 2019

The yield of soybean in the Philippines is significantly low. Presoaking is one of the seed priming techniques to improve seed quality. This study aimed to determine the effects of selected fermented plant extracts and commercial organic fertilizer on germination and vigor of soybean seeds. The seeds presoaked in organic agriculture inputs such as ipil ipil FPJ (Fermented Plant Juice), squash FFJ (Fermented Fruit Juice), commercial organic fertilizer (PSPLOF), and water (control). The seeds were then subjected to seed quality tests to evaluate germination and vigor. Ipil ipil FPJ and squash FFJ significantly improved the percentage germination, first count, vigor index, seedling growth, and seedling emergence. Commercial fertilizer showed poor results in seed germination and vigor tests. Seeds soaked in water showed high percentage germination but have poor vigor. Data were arranged in factorial in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The initial seed quality results revealed significantly poor germination and vigor. Therefore, presoaking of soybean seeds in ipil ipil FPJ and squash FFJ is recommended to improve the germination and vigor of soybean seeds. The results could be useful to reduce the cost of soybean production and to enhance the yield of soybean.
Annexin A1 peptide and endothelial cell‐conditioned medium modulate cervical tumorigenesis
Authors: Cardin Laila Toniol , Prates Janesly , da Cunha Bianca Rodrigues , Tajara Eloiza Helena , Oliani Sonia Maria , Rodrigues‐Lisoni Flávia Cristina
Published: February 2019

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in women worldwide, and its tumorigenesis can be influenced by the microenvironment. The anti‐inflammatory protein annexin A1 (ANXA1) has been reported to be associated with cancer progression and metastasis, suggesting that it plays a role in regulating tumour cell proliferation. Here, we examined the effect of the N‐terminal peptide Ac2‐26 of ANXA1 on the HaCaT cell line (normal) and HeLa cell line (cervical cancer) co‐cultured with endothelium cell‐conditioned medium (HMC). Treatment with Ac2‐26 decreased proliferation and increased motility of cervical cancer cells, but did not affect cellular morphology or viability. Combined HMC stimulus and Ac2‐26 treatment resulted in an increase in apoptotic HeLa cells, upregulated expression of MMP2, and downregulated expression of COX2, EP3 and EP4. In conclusion, Ac2‐26 treatment may modulate cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying cervical carcinogenesis.
Truncation filtering method for envelope analysis
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Li Lin , Liu Shuyong , Li Jing
Published: February 2019

Envelope analysis is an effective tool for bearing fault diagnosis. In most cases, the fault signal of the bearing that is located deeply inside the machine is always covered by the huge wide‐band noise. However, the common envelope analysis cannot effectively extract the fault feature from the frequency band containing huge wide‐band noise. Therefore, a modified envelope analysis that contains a new band‐pass filter based on resonance band and a new matched filtering computing method is proposed. The common envelope analysis is always concentrated on the selection of the filtering band and filter's other parameters, which can just control some parts of the filter. However, the whole shape of the filter has great effects on every element content of the filtered signal. Thus, according to the distribution characteristic of fault impact spectrum lines, the shape of the freedom damping vibration excited by single impact in frequency domain can be used as a filter for the truncation filtering to obtain the optimal envelope spectrum. Since the envelope shape of practical fault impact spectrum lines is not exactly like the shape of single impact in frequency domain, a scan filtering method is added to the band‐pass filtering, which is to use different central frequencies with the same interval and different bandwidths for filtering. A complicated structure test rig that is self‐innovate is used for experimental validation. The experimental result shows that fault feature extracted by the proposed method is better than the one extracted by the common envelope analysis.
Multivalent Glycosheets for Double Light–Driven Therapy of Multidrug‐Resistant Bacteria on Wounds
Authors: Hu Xi‐Le , Chu Linyang , Dong Xiaojing , Chen Guo‐Rong , Tang Tingting , Chen Daijie , He Xiao‐Peng , Tian He
Published: February 2019

With the evergrowing threat posed by multidrug resistance of bacteria, the development of effective antibacterial agents remains a global challenge. Infection with multidrug‐resistant bacteria in hospitals significantly impairs the healing of wounds caused by deep‐burn injuries or diabetic foot ulceration, leading to a high mortality rate among these patients. A multivalent glycosheet for the double light–driven therapy against multidrug‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infection on wounds is developed here. Galactose‐ and fucose‐based ligands are self‐assembled to form a glyco‐layer on the surface of thin‐layer molybdenum disulfide, producing the glycosheets capable of selectively localizing P. aeruginosa through multivalent carbohydrate–lectin interactions. The glycosheets loaded with antibiotics have proven applicable for: 1) near‐infrared‐light driven, in situ thermal release of antibiotics, increasing bacterial membrane permeability, and 2) white light–driven reactive‐oxygen‐species production to more thoroughly kill the bacteria. The targetability, together with the light sensibility, of the glycosheets enables a highly effective and optically controlled therapeutic regime for the healing of wounds infected by multidrug‐resistant as well as clinically isolated P. aeruginosa.
Improving Radio Frequency Transmission Properties of Graphene via Carrier Concentration Control toward High Frequency Transmission Line Applications
Authors: Yang Jae Hoon , Yang Hyoung Woo , Jun Byoung Ok , Shin Jeong Hee , Kim Seunguk , Jang A‐Rang , Yoon Seong In , Shin Hyeon Suk , Park Deoksoo , Park Kyungho , Yoon Duhee , Sohn Jung Inn , Cha SeungNam , Kang Dae Joon , Jang Jae Eun
Published: February 2019

Graphene has been gradually studied as a high‐frequency transmission line material owing to high carrier mobility with frequency independence up to a few THz. However, the graphene‐based transmission lines have poor conductivity due to their low carrier concentration. Here, it is observed that the radio frequency (RF) transmission performance could be severely hampered by the defect‐induced scattering, even though the carrier concentration is increased. As a possible solution, the deposition of the amorphous carbon on the graphene is studied in the high‐frequency region up to 110 GHz. The DC resistance is reduced by as much as 60%, and the RF transmission property is also enhanced by 3 dB. Also, the amorphous carbon covered graphene shows stable performance under a harsh environment. These results prove that the carrier concentration control is an effective and a facile method to improve the transmission performance of graphene. It opens up the possibilities of using graphene as interconnects in the ultrahigh‐frequency region.
Improving Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells Using [7]Helicenes with Stable Partial Biradical Characters as the Hole‐Extraction Layers
Authors: Lee Chia‐Chen , Chen Chih‐I , Fang Chia‐Te , Huang Pei‐Yu , Wu Yao‐Ting , Chueh Chu‐Chen
Published: February 2019

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites have realized a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) in both n–i–p and p–i–n device configurations. However, since the p–i–n structure exempts the sophisticated processing of charge‐transporting layers, it seems to possess better potential for practical applications than the n–i–p one. Currently, the inorganic NiOx is the most prevailing hole‐transporting layer (HTL) used in p–i–n perovskite solar cells. Nevertheless, defects might exist on its surface to influence the charge transfer/extraction across the interface with perovskite and to affect the quality of the perovskite film grown on it. Herein, two novel [7]helicenes with stable open‐shell singlet biradical ground states at room temperature are demonstrated as an effective surface modifier of the NiOx HTL. Their nonpolar feature effectively promotes the crystallinity of the perovskite film grown on them; meanwhile, their unique partial biradical character seems to provide a certain degree of defect passivation function at the perovskite interface to facilitate interfacial charge transfer/extraction. As a result, both 1ab‐ and 1bb‐modifed devices yield a PCE of >18%, exceeding the value (15.6%) of the control device using a sole NiOx HTL, and the maximum PCE can reach 19%. Detailed characterizations are carefully conducted to understand the underlying reasons behind such enhancement.
Recent Advances in OLED Optical Design
Authors: Salehi Amin , Fu Xiangyu , Shin Dong‐Hun , So Franky
Published: February 2019

Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have become a mainstream display technology in consumer electronics. Self‐emitting ability, transparency, true dark tone, and capability of being made flexible are some of the features of OLED displays, leading to a superior performance compared with liquid crystal displays. In addition to displays, OLEDs are also a strong candidate for lighting applications. Despite great advances in improving the internal quantum efficiency of an OLED to nearly 100%, the external quantum efficiency is still lacking behind due to optical losses. This review reports the latest advances in the optical design of OLEDs that address the external coupling efficiency of OLEDs. Discussed at first are the fundamentals of OLED optics and how the refractive indices of different layers in an OLED stack affect the extraction efficiency. Then, this paper reviews how microlens arrays, scattering layers, and corrugated structures can be used to recover the optical losses and improve the external efficiency, and the general optical designs for different optical structures for light extraction are presented.
Low‐Voltage Operational, Low‐Power Consuming, and High Sensitive Tactile Switch Based on 2D Layered InSe Tribotronics
Authors: Li Mengjiao , Yang Feng‐Shou , Hsiao Yung‐Chi , Lin Che‐Yi , Wu Hsing‐Mei , Yang Shih‐Hsien , Li Hao‐Ruei , Lien Chen‐Hsin , Ho Ching‐Hwa , Liu Heng‐Jui , Li Wenwu , Lin Yen‐Fu , Lai Ying‐Chih
Published: February 2019

Electronics based on layered indium selenide (InSe) channels exhibit promising carrier mobility and switching characteristics. Here, an InSe tribotronic transistor (denoted as w/In InSe T‐FET) obtained through the vertical combination of an In‐doped InSe transistor and triboelectric nanogenerator is demonstrated. The w/In InSe T‐FET can be operated by adjusting the distance between two triboelectrification layers, which generates a negative electrostatic potential that serves as a gate voltage to tune the charge carrier transport behavior of the InSe channel. Benefiting from the surface charging doping of the In layer, the w/In InSe T‐FET exhibits high reliability and sensitivity with a large on/off current modulation of 106 under a low drain–source voltage of 0.1 V and external frictional force. To demonstrate its function as a power‐saving tactile sensor, the w/In InSe T‐FET is used to sense “INSE” in Morse code and power on a light‐emitting diode. This work reveals the promise of 2D material–based tribotronics for use in nanosensors with low power consumption as well as in intelligent systems.
Advancing Frontiers in Bone Bioprinting
Authors: Ashammakhi Nureddin , Hasan Anwarul , Kaarela Outi , Byambaa Batzaya , Sheikhi Amir , Gaharwar Akhilesh K. , Khademhosseini Ali
Published: February 2019

Three‐dimensional (3D) bioprinting of cell‐laden biomaterials is used to fabricate constructs that can mimic the structure of native tissues. The main techniques used for 3D bioprinting include microextrusion, inkjet, and laser‐assisted bioprinting. Bioinks used for bone bioprinting include hydrogels loaded with bioactive ceramics, cells, and growth factors. In this review, a critical overview of the recent literature on various types of bioinks used for bone bioprinting is presented. Major challenges, such as the vascularity, clinically relevant size, and mechanical properties of 3D printed structures, that need to be addressed to successfully use the technology in clinical settings, are discussed. Emerging approaches to solve these problems are reviewed, and future strategies to design customized 3D printed structures are proposed.
Graphene on Group‐IV Elementary Semiconductors: The Direct Growth Approach and Its Applications
Authors: Lee Jae‐Hyun , Kang Seog‐Gyun , Jang Hyeon‐Sik , Moon Ji‐Yun , Whang Dongmok
Published: February 2019

Since the first development of large‐area graphene synthesis by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method in 2009, CVD‐graphene has been considered to be a key material in the future electronics, energy, and display industries, which require transparent, flexible, and stretchable characteristics. Although many graphene‐based prototype applications have been demonstrated, several important issues must be addressed in order for them to be compatible with current complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS)‐based manufacturing processes. In particular, metal contamination and mechanical damage, caused by the metal catalyst for graphene growth, are known to cause severe and irreversible deterioration in the performance of devices. The most effective way to solve the problems is to grow the graphene directly on the semiconductor substrate. Herein, recent advances in the direct growth of graphene on group‐IV semiconductors are reviewed, focusing mainly on the growth mechanism and initial growth behavior when graphene is synthesized on Si and Ge. Furthermore, recent progress in the device applications of graphene with Si and Ge are presented. Finally, perspectives for future research in graphene with a semiconductor are discussed.
Electro‐chemomechanical Contribution to Mechanical Actuation in Gd‐Doped Ceria Membranes
Authors: Mishuk Eran , Ushakov Andrei , Makagon Evgeniy , Cohen Sidney R. , Wachtel Ellen , Paul Tanmoy , Tsur Yoed , Shur Vladimir Ya. , Kholkin Andrei , Lubomirsky Igor
Published: February 2019

Gd‐doped ceria (CGO), one of the most extensively studied oxygen ion conductors, is a low dielectric constant/low mechanical compliance material exhibiting large nonclassical electrostriction. The electromechanical response of the micro‐electromechanical devices with CGO films as an active material described previously can not be attributed exclusively to electrostriction. Here it is shown that, below 1 Hz, in addition to electrostriction (second‐harmonic response), there is a strong contribution of the electro‐chemomechanical effect (ECM, first harmonic response). ECM is the change in mechanical dimensions of ionic and mixed ionic‐electronic conductors as a result of a change in chemical composition induced by an electric field. In batteries, the presence of ECM is highly detrimental. In ceria at room temperature, it was considered to be negligible because of slow oxygen diffusion. This work demonstrates ECM actuation at ambient temperature and moderate electric field (<5 V µm−1). ECM‐induced strain is attributed to reversible oxidation/ reduction of TiO2 layers at the Ti‐CGO interface. At 25 °C, the ECM bending strain is 1.2 × 10−6, increasing exponentially with temperature. These data suggest that with a proper choice of materials, ECM‐type response can be a viable mechanism for mechanical actuation at ambient and also at slightly elevated temperatures.
Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative C(sp3)−H/N−H Cross‐Coupling of Hydrocarbons with P(O)−NH Compounds: the Accelerating Effect Induced by Carboxylic Acid Coproduct
Authors: Lei Jian , Yang Yincai , Peng Lingteng , Wu Lesong , Peng Ping , Qiu Renhua , Chen Yi , Au Chak‐Tong , Yin Shuang‐Feng
Published: February 2019

An chelation‐assisted oxidative C(sp3)−H/N−H cross coupling of hydrocarbons with P(O)−NH compounds using copper acetate as catalyst is described. The results of kinetic experiments, mechanistic studies and DFT calculations demonstrate the importance of acetic acid coproduct as an additive for promoting the formation of intermediate bis((diphenylphosphoryl)(quinolin‐8‐yl)amino)copper (6), and consequently accelerating the construction of C(sp3)−N bond. The reaction proceeded efficiently with a wide array of hydrocarbons and P(O)−NH compounds, and the rate acceleration induced by the acetic acid coproduct have been repeatedly proven. Furthermore, the efficiency of small‐scale reaction could be retained upon gram‐scale synthesis in a continuous manner.

magnified image
Effect of Carrier Balance on Device Degradation of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters
Authors: Tanaka Masaki , Noda Hiroki , Nakanotani Hajime , Adachi Chihaya
Published: February 2019

The relatively short device lifetime of blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) when compared with the lifetimes of green and red OLEDs is one of the crucial problems that must be overcome to enable practical application of these devices to full‐color OLED displays. This work focuses on the degradation phenomena of OLEDs that are based on sky‐blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters and clarifies the degradation mechanisms based on spectral change of the electroluminescence, which indicates the formation of electromer emission from an electron transport layer. Additionally, it is determined that the change in the carrier balance that occurs during this degradation process can be ascribed to the formation of electron traps.
Localized Traps Limited Recombination in Lead Bromide Perovskites
Authors: Fu Jianhui , Jamaludin Nur Fadilah , Wu Bo , Li Mingjie , Solanki Ankur , Ng Yan Fong , Mhaisalkar Subodh , Huan Cheng Hon Alfred , Sum Tze Chien
Published: February 2019

Traps exert an omnipotent influence over the performance of halide perovskite optoelectronic devices. A clear understanding of the origin and nature of the traps in halide perovskites is the key to controlling them and realizing optimal devices. Herein, the role of localized traps on the optical properties of lead bromide perovskite films is investigated. In the low‐temperature orthorhombic phase of CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite, band‐edge carrier dynamics exhibit a power‐law decay due to the presence of structural‐disorder‐induced localized traps, which has a depth of ≈40 meV. The continuous distribution of these localized traps gives rise to a broad sub‐band‐gap emission that becomes more prominent in thicker films with a larger trap density. The presence of this emission only from the hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites points to the vital role of organic dipoles in localized trap states formation. This study explicates the nature of these localized traps as well as their nontrivial role in carrier recombination kinetics, which is of fundamental importance in perovskites optoelectronics.
Preventing crude oil adhesion using fully waterborne coatings
Authors: Wu Xu , Zhang Yichun , Liu Minhuan , Xu Xiubin , Wang Zhengping , Wyman Ian , Yang Hui , Liu Fanghui , Wang Jinben , Wu Jiazhong
Published: February 2019

The petroleum industry has focused on the modification of crude oil composites to decrease their adhesion onto materials and thus facilitate oil extraction, transportation, storage, and processing. However, these methods such as heating, dilution, emulsification, or additives are often accompanied by significant costs and suffer from various limitations. Herein, we present a conceptually different coating strategy that allows many substrates to repel crude oil. The novel coating was achieved via a fully waterborne polymer crosslinkable system consisting of polymer particles, a silicone surfactant, and a melamine formaldehyde resin. Considering the unique anti‐crude‐oil‐adhesion properties, the outstanding physical and chemical stability, as well as the green and industrially‐viable process involved, we anticipate that this coating can provide a promising starting point toward the functionalization of the surfaces of equipment or pipelines that are routinely exposed to crude oils.
Auto‐Oxidation‐Induced Construction of Isatins from Glycine Derivatives
Authors: Min Wenjian , Li Haitao , Quan Zhengjun , Yang Caixia , Huo Congde
Published: February 2019

An oxygenation approach to isatins via an auto‐oxidation/intramolecular annulation tandem reaction of glycine derivatives is described. This transformation provides a metal‐free protocol for the preparation of isatin derivatives, which are important structural motifs widely found in organic molecules with various functions and privileged units for the synthesis of complex heterocycles. The reaction proceeds smoothly under mild reaction conditions and requires only Brønsted acid and oxygen.
A Photoswitchable Agonist for the Histamine H3 Receptor, a Prototypic Family A G‐Protein‐Coupled Receptor
Authors: Hauwert Niels J. , Mocking Tamara A. M. , Da Costa Pereira Daniel , Lion Ken , Huppelschoten Yara , Vischer Henry F. , De Esch Iwan J. P. , Wijtmans Maikel , Leurs Rob
Published: February 2019

Spatiotemporal control over biochemical signaling processes involving G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) is highly desired for dissecting their complex intracellular signaling. We developed sixteen photoswitchable ligands for the human histamine H3 receptor (hH3R). Upon illumination, key compound 65 decreases its affinity for the hH3R by 8.5‐fold and its potency in hH3R‐mediated Gi protein activation by over 20‐fold, with the trans and cis isomer both acting as full agonist. In real‐time two‐electrode voltage clamp experiments in Xenopus oocytes, 65 shows rapid light‐induced modulation of hH3R activity. Ligand 65 shows good binding selectivity amongst the histamine receptor subfamily and has good photolytic stability. In all, 65 (VUF15000) is the first photoswitchable GPCR agonist confirmed to be modulated through its affinity and potency upon photoswitching while maintaining its intrinsic activity, rendering it a new chemical biology tool for spatiotemporal control of GPCR activation.
Blinking Beats Bleaching: The Control of Superoxide Generation by Photo‐ionized Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Chouhan Lata , Ghimire Sushant , Biju Vasudevanpillai
Published: February 2019

Moisture‐ or oxidation‐induced degradation is a major challenge in the advancement of perovskites‐based technology. The oxidation is caused by electron transfer from a photo‐excited perovskite nanocrystal to oxygen and the formation of superoxide that disintegrates the perovskite structure. In air, the emission intensity of a methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite nanocrystal continuously decreases, whereas a nanocrystal in argon or a polymer shows exceptionally stable emission intensity. Surprisingly, in air, the emission intensity of a nanocrystal with long‐lived OFF states completely recovers after the OFF state. This property, along with the rate of non‐radiative relaxation that exceeds the rate of electron transfer suggest that the perovskite nanocrystals produce and react with superoxide in the excited neutral state, but not in the ionized state. In other words, the ultrafast non‐radiative relaxation in the ionized state hinders electron transfer to oxygen and prevents oxidation of perovskites.
Palladium oxide nanoparticles supported on graphene oxide: A convenient heterogeneous catalyst for reduction of various carbonyl compounds using triethylsilane
Authors: Mirza‐Aghayan Maryam , Kalantari Meisam , Boukherroub Rabah
Published: February 2019

Palladium oxide nanoparticles supported on graphene oxide ‐ triethylsilane was found to be an effective reductive system for a broad range of reduction processes, including the reduction of various carbonyl compounds such as aromatic aldehydes to their corresponding alcohols or methyl arene compounds, aromatic ketones to their respective alcohols or saturated compounds, aromatic acyl chlorides to their reduced compounds. The desired products were obtained in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. The heterogeneous environmentally friendly catalyst can be easily separated from the reaction mixture through a simple filtration, facilitating purification of the prepared compounds.
Slurry characteristics and mechanism analysis of petroleum coke–coal water slurry
Authors: Wang Shuang‐Ni , Liu Jian‐Zhong , Wang Yi , Li Ning , Cen Ke‐Fa
Published: February 2019

Petroleum coke–coal slurry (PCCS) was prepared by blending sub‐bituminous coal with petroleum coke in different proportions. The rheology and stability of PCCS were studied, and the mechanism of dispersion and stability was analyzed. Results show that with the increase of the mass ratio of petroleum coke to Shenhua coal (α) in PCCS, the apparent viscosity of the slurry gradually increases, and the stability of the slurry decreases. Moreover, the contact angle also increases, indicating that the surface hydrophobicity was increased. When the α is 3:7, the fixed viscosity concentration of PCCS is above 60%, the fixed viscosity flow characteristic index is below 0.9, and the fixed segregation water rate is below 5%. Blending petroleum coke with Shenhua coal takes advantage of the complementary properties of the two materials and obtains PCCS with high concentration and improved stability.
Liquefied petroleum gas recovery enhancement via retrofitting the refrigeration system of an existing natural gas liquid plant
Authors: Shehata Walaa M. , Bhran Ahmed A. , Shoaib Abeer M. , Ibrahim Ashour A. , Gad Fatma K.
Published: February 2019

Nowadays, gas processing for natural gas liquids (NGLs) recovery is becoming of great interest. However, many of the present NGLs recovery units in operation do not give the desired revenue. This study focuses on the retrofitting of an existing NGLs plant constructed in Egypt for maximizing LPG product recovery due to its high economic value. Various alternatives have been suggested to maximize LPG recovery, while achieving the same cooling target and ethane recovery in terms of power consumption and additional capital cost. The economic study shows that replacing the existing pure propane refrigerant used to recover C5+ (pentane and heavier) in the existing plant by a mixed refrigerant type is the best retrofitting technique. Furthermore, the exergy of the whole NGL unit was studied to evaluate the exergetic performance of all suggested upgrading methods. Regarding the upgraded plant, the butanes and propane recoveries were increased by 13% and 7%, respectively, with 15.95% increase in LPG overall recovery. In addition, the solutions of operational problems that may appear in the glycol injection system, propane refrigeration facilities, and de‐ethanizer unit facilities when switching from single refrigerant to mixed refrigerant have been taken into consideration.
PVA/TEOS crosslinked membranes incorporating zinc oxide nanoparticles and sodium alginate to improve reverse osmosis performance for desalination
Authors: Raza Muhammad Asim , Islam Atif , Sabir Aneela , Gull Nafisa , Ali Israr , Mehmood Rashid , Bae Jinho , Hassan Gul , Khan Muhammad Umair
Published: February 2019

Pure water is becoming less available with increases in world population, so seawater desalination is becoming more important. For efficient seawater desalination, this paper proposes a novel mixed matrix membrane (MMM) based on the deposition of a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibrous active layer on a 3‐triethoxysilylpropylamine‐functionalized cellulose acetate substrate. The active layer is fabricated by utilizing a tetraethyl orthosilicate–crosslinked PVA incorporating zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) and sodium alginate (NaAlg). The overall reverse osmosis performance of the MMMs is enhanced by the infusion of ZnO‐NPs and NaAlg in PVA; we find the optimum concentration for the best performance to be ZnO‐NPs at 0.1 wt % and NaAlg at 0.01 wt %. In terms of permeation flux, salt rejection, salt passage, stability, long‐term rejection, membrane antifouling, reusability, and chlorine resistance, the proposed MMMs are examined using a dead‐end reverse osmosis filtration setup. The results show that the active layer achieves an optimal permeation flux of 34.6 L/m2 h, a natural sea salt rejection of 97%, and a chlorine resistance of 93%, suggesting that the proposed MMMs can be useful for seawater desalination. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47559.
Structure and inhibition properties of a new amine‐terminated hyperbranched oligomer shale inhibitor
Authors: Wang Hao , Pu Xiaolin
Published: February 2019

To inhibit the hydration and dispersion of shale in drilling, a new amine‐terminated hyperbranched oligomer (HBO‐NH2) shale inhibitor was synthesized. Compared with linear polymer inhibitors and inorganic salts, HBO‐NH2 possessed a unique hyperbranched structure and plenty of amine groups. The characterization of HBO‐NH2 was done through the aid of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy, and time of flight mass spectrum. Upon thermogravimetric analysis, HBO‐NH2 demonstrated favorable thermal stability below 180 °C. As a shale inhibitor, the interlayer spacing of wet bentonite treated with HBO‐NH2 was significantly reduced from 1.9070 to 1.3422 nm in X‐ray diffraction analysis. The recovery rate of shale cuttings reached the highest (76.85%) at 120 °C, when the concentration of HBO‐NH2 was 3 wt %. Due to the adsorption of protonated primary amine groups on bentonite particles, the zeta potential absolute value of bentonite base slurry was maintained in a relatively low range of 5–10 mV after HBO‐NH2 treatment. Also, FTIR analysis suggested that hydrogen bonds existed between bentonite and HBO‐NH2. In scanning electron microscope analysis, the inhibition of HBO‐NH2 was observed by the curl degree of bentonite. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47573.