bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KESADARAN KEAKRABAN DALAM KELUARGA DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KONSELING KELUARGA PADA SISWA SMK AL HAFIDZ LEUWILIANG
Authors: Putra Sinaga Harwansyah , Purnamasari Ika
Published: December 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh deskripsi tingkat kesadaran keakraban dalam keluarga dan implikasinya terhadap konseling keluarga pada siswa SMK Al Hafidz Leuwiliang. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah desain survei. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Skala Psikologis Kesadaran Keakraban dalam Keluarga. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa SMK Al Hafidz Leuwiliang sementara sample yang digunakan sebanyak 115 siswa dengan teknik Purposive Sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 64 (55,7%) siswa berada pada kategori kesadaran kekaraban dalam keluarga yang tinggi, dan 51 (44.3%) siswa berada pada kategori kesadaran keakraban dalam keluarga yang sedang, dan tidak ada siswa (0%) yang berada pada katergori kesadaran keakaraban dalam keluarga yang rendah. Ini berarti para siswa setuju bahwa keakraban dalam keluarga itu adalah bagian yang penting dalam kehidupan yang harus diaplikasikan pada kehidupan sehari-hari di rumah. . Sementara itu, kesadaran keakraban dalam keluarga merupakan aspek kognitif yang perlu ditampilkan pada aspek psikomotorik (perilaku). Sehingga guru BK atau konselor sekolah dapat mendesain program dan kegiatan bimbingan dan konseling di sekolah khususnya program dan layanan konseling keluarga seperti pemanfaatan layanan konsultasi orang tua untuk menunjang tujuan konseling keluarga, pengadaan kegiatan parenting di sekolah, serta integrasi tema-tema bidang keluarga dalam setiap pelayanan terhadap para siswa
HUBUNGAN PEMBELAJARAN MATA KULIAH AKHLAK ISLAMIYAH DENGAN MORALITAS MAHASISWA INSTITUT UMMUL QURO AL-ISLAMI BOGOR
Authors: Tamami Agus , Falah Saiful , Rizal Syamsul
Published: December 2020

Pendidikan di Indonesia selama ini terlalu menekankan arti penting nilai akademik, kecerdasan otak dan Intelektual Question (IQ) saja, mulai dari tingkat sekolah dasar sampai ke bangku kuliah, jarang sekali ditemukan pendidikan tentang kecerdasan emosi atau Emotional Question (EQ) yang mengajarkan tentang integritas, akhlak yang baik, kejujuran, komitmen, visi, kreativitas, ketahanan mental, kebijaksanaan, keadilan, prinsip kepercayaan, penguasaan diri atau sinergi. Padahal justru inilah hal terpenting, dan semua itu merupakan unsur pembentukan manusia yang sempurna (Insan Kamil). Di Perguruan Tinggi Islam, pendidikan merupakan bagian integral dari pendidikan agama. Memang, mata kuliah akhlak bukanlah satu-satunya faktor yang menentukan dan membentuk watak serta kepribadian mahasiswa. Tetapi secara substansial, mata kuliah akhlak memiliki kontribusi dalam memberikan motivasi kepada para mahasiswa untuk mempraktikan nilai-nilai keyakinan keagamaan (Tauhid) dan akhlak al karimah dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Metode penelitian ini dapat dikategorikan sebagai penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Adapun pendekatan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian adalah field research. Populasi penelitian  adalah seluruh Mahasiswa Institut Ummul Quro Al-Islami semester IV (empat) yang berjumlah 304 orang, maka sampelnya Mahasiswa semester IV (empat) Program Studi Manajemen Pendidikan Islam yang berjumlah 40 orang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di Institut Ummul Quro Al-Islami Bogor tentang pengaruh pembelajaran mata kuliah Akhlak Islamiyah dengan Moralitas Mahasiswa , maka peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa ada korelasi yang positif dan signifikan, walaupun korelasinya hanya sedang atau cukup saja. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil uji Carl Person bahwa:

Dari perhitungan rxy sebesar 0,468, angka indeks korelasi yang diperoleh tidak bertanda negatif, yang terletak antara 0,40 – 0,69. Berdasarkan pedoman tabel korelasi product moment yang digunakan, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa antara variabel X dan Y terdapat korelasi yang sedang atau cukup. Dengan demikian, secara sederhana dapat diinterpretasikan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif antara pembelajaran mata kuliah Akhlak Islamiyah dengan Moralitas Mahasiswa Institut Ummul Quro Al-Islami Bogor.

Berdasarkan rumus dalam menentukan t hitung dengan dk (n-2), tk (0,01) = 00–2) = 38 tk (0,01) = 2,71. Dengan demikian, t hitung = 3,27 ˃ t tabel (38) (0,01) = 2,71. Hal ini berarti Ho ditolak, dan Ha diterima, artinya terdapat hubungan yang nyata antara pembelajaran mata kuliah Akhlak Islamiyah dengan Moralitas Mahasiswa Institut Ummul Quro Al-Islami Bogor.

Adapun hubungan variabel X dengan variabel Y dalam prosentase dengan menggunakan rumus coefisient of determination penentu, maka koefisien penentu pada penelitian ini sebesar 21,9 %
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGUASAAN KOSAKATA DENGAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS KARANGAN NARASI
Authors: Gunawan Gugun
Published: December 2020

This research is research that is looking for solutions in developing the ability to write narrative essays. This study aims to determine the suitability of a theory which conveys that writing activities require a good mastery of vocabulary. If students have a lot of vocabulary, it will make it easier for students to compose words to write narrative essays. The method used in this study is the correlational method. Correlation research is research that looks at the relationship between variables or several variables with other variables. The object of this research is the fifth grade students of Madrasah Ibtidaiah Darut Taqwa Cibungbulang Bogor. The results of this study indicate that there has been a correlation between variable X and variable Y. This is evidenced by the results of testing that r xy arithmetic of 0.292. And r xy table on product moment correlation is 0.290. Comparison of these values ​​means r count is greater than r table, (0.292 ˃ 0.290). So, the test results with the correlation coefficient formula are POSITIVE. Therefore, writing activities undertaken by students have a very significant relationship, if the mastery of the vocabulary is better
KOMPETENSI KEPEMIMPINAN KOMUNIKASI ERA 4.0
Authors: Sofralda Suci , Halimatus Sa’diah Hapipah , Aulia Rahmayanti Annisa
Published: December 2020

Good communication skills are a must have for a leader. Communication and leadership are two very important things, if there is no good communication from a leader in an organization, between members of the organization and its leader, the organization will not run well. This study is a literature review, where study sources come from various books as sources of information. Era 4.0 leadership communication competence is the ability of a leader to convey ideas or ideas through various media to influence the people they lead in the Industrial Era 4.0, where all are starting to turn to technology. A leader must have the ability to communicate well and understand the ethics of communicating Islamically and be willing and able to practice it in his leadership duties. When communicating has been taught by Allah Subhana Wa Ta'ala to humans, which is contained in the Qur'an, namely gentle words, good words. right words, words that make an impression / build up and words that are appropriate to be spoken to other humans.
Modeling Land Use and Land Cover Change: Using a Hindcast to
Estimate Economic Parameters in gcamland v2.0
Authors: Calvin Katherine V. , Snyder Abigail , Zhao Xin , Wise Marshall
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The world has experienced a vast increase in agricultural production since the middle of the last century. Agricultural land area has also increased at the expense of natural lands over this period, though at a lower rate than production. Future changes in land use and cover have important implications not only for agriculture but for energy, water use, and climate. However, these future changes are driven by a complex combination of uncertain socioeconomic, technological, and other factors. Estimates of future land use and land cover differ significantly across economic models of agricultural production, and efforts to evaluate these economic models over history have been limited. In this study, we use an economic model of land use, gcamland, to systematically explore a large set of model parameter perturbations and alternate methods for forming expectations about uncertain crop yields and prices. We run gcamland simulations with these parameter sets over the historical period in the United States to explore model fitness and to identify combinations that improve fitness. We find that an adaptive expectation approach minimizes the error between simulated outputs and observations, with parameters that suggest that for most crops landowners put a significant weight on previous information. Interestingly, for corn, where ethanol policies have led to a rapid growth in demand, the resulting parameters show that a larger weight is placed on more recent information. We conclude with the observation that historical modeling exercises such as this study are valuable both for understanding real world drivers of land use change and for informing modeling of future land use change.
Classifying compound coastal storm and heavy rainfall events in the
north-western Spanish Mediterranean
Authors: Sanuy Marc , Rigo Tomeu , Jiménez José A. , Llasat M. Carmen
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The Northwest (NW) Mediterranean coastal zone is a populous and well-developed area in which the impact of natural hazards like flash floods and coastal storms can result in frequent and significant damages. Although the occurrence and impacts of such hazards have been widely covered, few studies have considered their combined impact on the region, which would result in more damage. Within this context, this study analyses the occurrence and characteristics of compound extreme events of heavy rainfall episodes (as a proxy for flash floods) and coastal storms (using the maximum significant wave height) along the Catalan coast as a paradigm of the NW Mediterranean. Two different types of events are considered: multivariate, in which the two hazards occur at the same location, and spatially compounding, in which they occur within the same limited time window and their impacts accumulate at distinct and separate locations. The analysis is regionally performed along a coastline extension of about 600 km by considering seven coastal sectors and their corresponding river catchment basins. Once the compound events are analysed, the synoptic atmospheric pressure fields are analysed to determine the prevailing weather conditions that generated them. Finally, a Bayesian network is used to fully characterise these events over the territory. The obtained results show that the NW Mediterranean, represented by the Catalan coast, has a high probability of experiencing compound extreme events (3.4 events per year). Despite the relatively small size of the study area (600 km of coastline), there are significant variations in the event characteristics along the territory, with the most frequent type being spatially compound, except in the northernmost sectors where multivariate events dominate. These northern sectors also present the highest correlation in the intensity of both hazards. Three representative synoptic situations have been identified as dominant for the occurrence of these events, with different relative importance levels of the compounding drivers (rainfall and waves) and different distributions of impacts across coastal basins. Overall, the results indicate that heavy rainfall has the more significant damage impact despite the wave damage having a larger spatial reach.
Open Access: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. An Editorial
Authors: Bodenhausen Geoffrey
Published: December 2020

Abstract. About a year after launching Magnetic Resonance it seems appropriate to publish a few editorial remarks about the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of Open Access, motivated by an analysis of the Ethics Committee of the French CNRS and by a debate organized by the Royal Dutch Academy of Science.
Multi-scale spatialization of snow water equivalent (SWE) according
to their spatial structures in eastern Canada
Authors: Sena Noumonvi Yawu , Chokmani Karem , Gloaguen Erwan , Bernier Monique
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The spatial variability of snow plays a key role in snow water storage, spring runoff and hydraulic dam management. The snow survey network unequally distributed ability, to monitoring the spatial variability of the snow cover is limited. The spatial variability of the snow cover is explained by physiographic factors, which generate spatial structures at different scales. The variability of the snow cover is explained by physiographic factors, which generate structures at different scales. These structures of spatial variability of the snow cover were delimited by a functional approach at the local (300 × 300 m) and regional (10 × 10 km) scales on eastern Canada. The territory was segmented into regions, (called spatial structures,) with homogeneous average maximum annual snow water equivalent (SWE). The aim of this paper is to spatialize the average maximum annual snow water equivalent (SWE) according to spatial variability structures at both scales. Initially, at the regional scale, the average maximum annual SWE is estimated using the stepwise regression approach. Secondly, the SWE residuals are estimated using a regression approach on local physiographic meta-variables. The estimated SWE allows quantifying the spatial variability of the average maximum annual SWE for regional and local physiographic factors. Indeed, at the regional scale, the physiographic regional factors explain 68 % of the variance of the spatial variability of the average maximum annual SWE. At the local scale, physiographic factors improve the estimate of the average annual maximum SWE by 21 % (R = 89 %) for an unexplained share of 10 % of the variance. Local physiographic factors reorganize the regional residuals of average maximum annual SWE and contribute to the local variability. This study shows the role of altitude in snow accumulation at the regional scale, where the presence of high mountains increases the amount of rainfall from wet winds. In each geographical area, the highest values of the SWE are related to high mountain peaks. The impact is confirmed at the foothills of the Canadian Shield mountains. At the local scale, the regional residual value was reorganized based on local physiographic factors (slope, forms of catchment, distance to rivers, etc.); this adjustment led to high SWE values in the concave landscape and the ubacs away from sunlight. The SWE accumulation area corresponds to the depressions and concave sections at foothills.
Las demasiadas traducciones. Sobre la Oficina para el Visado de Traducciones y el Cuerpo de Inspectores Técnicos de Traducción (1942-1946)
Authors: Moreno Cabrera Octavio
Published: December 2020

La década de los 40 fue el escenario de un intenso debate sobre el exceso de traducciones que, a juicio de las instituciones del Régimen franquista, poblaban el mercado editorial, poniendo en riesgo “el porvenir de la cultura española” y “la gloria imperial de nuestra bella lengua”. Por esta razón, en 1942 se creó, en el seno de la Sección de Política Cultural del Instituto Nacional del Libro Español, una Oficina para el Visado de Traducciones en la que colaboraban activamente los miembros del recién creado Cuerpo de Inspectores Técnicos de Traducción. De esta manera, la publicación de versiones españolas de obras extranjeras no solo requería la aprobación previa de su contenido y valor moral por parte de la Sección de Censura de Libros de la Delegación Nacional de Propaganda, sino también la valoración positiva de su calidad y pureza lingüísticas por parte de la Oficina para el Visado de Traducciones. En el presente trabajo, se propone una aproximación a ese nuevo mecanismo que pretendía erradicar toda influencia extranjera sobre el idioma español.
El jurista, colaborador necesario en la traducción jurídica. Reflexiones sobre su intervención en el proceso de traducción
Authors: Sanz Moreno Raquel
Published: December 2020

En este artículo presentamos los resultados de un proyecto colaborativo entre juristas y alumnos de traducción de la Universitat de València. De los resultados se desprende que el especialista, que interviene desde el inicio del proceso traductor, juega un papel destacado en la fase de comprensión. La consulta al experto no solo se limita a cuestiones terminológicas, sino también a la comprensión del género textual, los destinatarios y la finalidad de los textos. La intervención en la fase de traducción es más anecdótica, cobrando especial protagonismo en la fase de revisión de las traducciones finales. El proyecto contribuyó a reforzar la autoeficacia de los alumnos, entendida como “la confianza que poseen en su capacidad para traducir” (Haro-Soler 2017a) como expertos lingüísticos. Sin embargo, también reveló la necesidad de formar en el aula en el desarrollo de competencias interpersonales: el trabajo en equipo y la puesta en marcha de estrategias alternativas son algunas de las carencias observadas, por lo que cabe incidir en ellas para que el alumnado se integre de forma efectiva en el mercado laboral.
Rebel reviewers: Social media review pages as sites of Confederate memorial discourses
Authors: March Laura
Published: December 2020

Online review platforms — such as Facebook Pages, Yelp, and Google Reviews — host millions of user-generated posts. Some reviewers choose to use these platforms to share political opinions and calls for activism. One example of this phenomenon, UNC–Chapel Hill’s “Silent Sam” Confederate statue review page on Facebook, provides an opportunity to examine comments from users asserting their pro-statue and anti-statue opinions. While protestors removed the statue in August 2018, its unofficial page (and its posts) remains visible online and continues to garner new “reviews” after the monument’s physical removal. This study analyzes the engagement publicly visible on Silent Sam’s Facebook reviews. Despite the large volume of research on social network sites, the author is unaware of any studies of activist posts on online review spaces. Discovering the most prevalent claims made in pro-Confederate posts will help educators, activists, online moderators, and creators of Terms of Service agreements determine where they can (and should) respond to racist rhetoric.
Food foraging online: Exploring how we choose which recipes to search and share
Authors: Blackburn Kate G. , Hontanosas Jonnie , Nahas Kinda , Bajaj Karishma , Thompson Rachel , Monaco Abbie , Campos Yaretzi , Tran Tien , Obregon Shania , Wetchler Everett
Published: December 2020

Lifestyle and personality can often be discovered through daily food choices. For instance, influence through social groups, food documentaries or the desire for fitness/weight loss can often create a shift in people’s food choices. These changes in diet can highlight important life events, an overall lifestyle change or an individual’s culture. One way to study people’s cultural food patterns is to study the language they use to share recipes. This is especially important as new recipes can now be discovered with the click of a button as opposed to traditional recipe books, creating online recipe sharing communities. Users can share their most personal or newly learned recipes as well as create a dialogue of feedback or suggestions. Given that food is a major component of our physical and emotional well-being, the focus of this research was to investigate food communication among online communities. In study 1, topic modeling analysis was performed on recipes taken from the popular social networking sites allrecipes.com (N = 32,944) to identify 11 major themes around the consumption of food. Next, study 2, a replication study, used identical topic modeling analysis on the SNS food.com (N = 190,808) to identify 13 themes. Implications of these groupings, as well as the social and personal settings users reported trying the recipes, are discussed, along with limitations and suggestions for further study.
Αn Eclectic Discussion of the Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on the World Economy During the First Stage of the Spread
Authors: Kalogiannidis Stavros , Chatzitheodoridis Fotios , Kontsas Stamatis
Published: December 2020

This paper examines the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which, according to the World Health Organization, has affected every country and has caused millions of deaths as well as huge financial losses. This paper, then, explores recent statistics documenting the disruption of the world economy. Of course, the blow at the level of business, market, employment, income, industries, companies, and so on is an issue that should be constantly investigated. The ongoing impact study proposal is based on the fact that each developing country has taken measures and enacted policies to reduce the direct impact of COVID-19. However, as research shows, each country has different records and sizes of impacts to their economies, and any government effort to reduce these effects should take into account national losses and impacts so the recovery measures are proportionate. Government measures should be adapted to the operational needs and difficulties of the country to effectively ensure resilience, security, reduction of economic losses and sustainable industrialization.
Firm Performance and Corporate Social Environmental Initiatives in the Wake of a Health Pandemic
Authors: Omoike Osereme , Uwuigbe Uwalomwa , Alege Philip , Uwuigbe Bukola , Nosakhare Osazuwa Peter , Asiriuwa Osariemen
Published: December 2020

The study re-examines the relationship between firm share price performance and Corporate Social Environmental Reporting (CSER) initiatives in the wake of a global health pandemic. A comparative analysis was done between the contributions made by listed and non-listed firms in Nigeria towards the pandemic. A comparative analysis of the share price (SP) of listed companies was carried out before the announcement of the pandemic, after the announcement of the pandemic and COVID -19 contributions. A panel regression analysis was conducted. It involved a sample of 70 listed firms in the Nigerian Stock Exchange over a five-year period (2013-2017). The comparative analysis of contributions revealed that listed firms though fewer in number made significantly more contributions than unlisted firms. The study found significant drop in SP after the announcement of a pandemic by the World Health Organisation (WHO). The study also found that SP performance and firm size has a positive and significant relationship with CSER initiatives. The analysis of contributors from listed and non- listed firms in Nigeria towards COVID-19 reveal that only corporate organizations with adequate resource slack can make significant contributions to curtail the spread of the epidemic. The study recommends that corporate organizations should pursue financial capacity in other to make significant CSER investments and expect a change in societal demands and stakeholder expectations in the no distant future.
The Impact and Contribution of FDI to Saudi Economy During King Abdullah Regime
Authors: Alanazi Khaled Jadeaf , Basir Salawati Mat
Published: December 2020

Foreign Direct Investment resulted in the disclosure of different investment chances and opportunities through active investment promotion agencies. A country must execute various reforms capable of improving the fundamental determinants of FDI for achieving a high percentage of Foreign Direct Investment. These reforms among others include improving investment laws, reducing political risk and level of corruption, establishing a consistent legitimate and regulatory environment, freeing repatriation of funds and capital, as well as opening up to international trade. Saudi Arabia adopted generous incentive policies for attracting foreign capital and invite Foreign Direct Investment during king Abdullah regime. These policies present positive incentives while eliminating negative disincentives. Positive incentives consist free custom duties, reductions of tax and export zones, by the government of Saudi Arabia. Disincentives elimination to investments indicates the removal of overlong and rigid systems as they can delay visas issuance, restraint travel and complicate the licensing and registration of a project. This paper discusses the impact of FDI on Saudi economy during King Abdullah regime and finally, ascertains the contribution of FDI to Saudi Economy during King Abdullah regime.
English Language Teaching, Vol. 13, No. 12, December 2020
Authors: Yu Gavin
Published: December 2020

English Language Teaching, Vol. 13, No. 12, December 2020
Quality standards for biopharmaceuticals: the importance of good manufacturing
practice
Authors: Griffiths Elwyn
Published: December 2020

Regulatory standards for rDNA derived medicinal products put in place over 40
years ago provided a framework for moving forward with novel biotechnologies and
biosimilars leading to their success as highly effective medicines. As biologicals and
biosimilars are increasingly developed, licensed and used worldwide less experienced
manufacturers and regulatory agencies need support in dealing with these highly complex
products. This Commentary highlights the need for regulatory convergence and support,
notes the critical role of GMP and draws attention to the comprehensive review by Sia
Chong Hock et al. which strongly advocates improving harmonization of regulatory efforts
especially in the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN).
European prescribers’ attitudes and beliefs on biologicals prescribing and
automatic substitution
Authors: Feldman Madelaine , Reilly Michael S
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The European Union (EU) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) have
led the development of a regulatory framework for biosimilars since 2004. By end of
December 2019, 64 biosimilars of 15 originator biological medicines have a marketing
authorization in Europe. Now, for the second time, the Alliance for Safe Biologic
Medicines (ASBM) asked European prescribers for their views on the prescribing, adverse
drug reaction reporting, automatic substitution and switching of biologicals and
biosimilars. Methods: In March 2019, the ASBM surveyed 579 prescribers in France,
Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland and the UK. Prescribers were asked for their views on
authority over prescribing and dispensing of biologicals/biosimilars, reporting
biological/biosimilar use and adverse drug reactions (ADR) and switching. There were
also questions related to their familiarity with, knowledge of, attitudes to, and
beliefs in, biosimilars. Results: Since the previous European prescriber study conducted
in 2013, the percentage of respondents considering themselves highly familiar with
biosimilar medicines has increased from 76% to 90%. Four out of five prescribers said
they are legally required to report ADR that are brought to their attention and they
file detailed ADR reports taking 10‒20 minutes. Four out of five prescribers feel very
strongly about having control over what is prescribed and dispensed to their patients.
While highly comfortable prescribing biosimilars to naïve patients, physician comfort
level decreased when switching a stable patient to a biosimilar. Comfort level decreased
further when prescribers were asked about switching a patient to a biosimilar for
non-medical reasons, e.g. cost, and further still if the switch is initiated by a third
party. Conclusion: European physicians have increased their familiarity with biosimilars
since the 2013 survey. Physicians increasingly believe they should always have control
of treatment decisions including the decision to switch to a biosimilar. It was also
highlighted that governments should make multiple therapeutic options available through
tenders.
»Rasse« und »Nation« – Max Weber als politischer Denker
Authors: Müller Hans-Peter
Published: December 2020

Die zentrale These formuliert ein Paradox: Einerseits ist Max Weber ein Patriot und Nationalist, der sich neugierig für das »Rasse«-Konzept seiner Zeit zeigt. Andererseits warnt er vor den Begriffen »Rasse« und »Nation«, weil er sie für soziologisch unbrauchbar hält. Die Auflösung der Paradoxie erfolgt in drei Schritten. Zunächst wird die Situation im Kaiserreich geschildert, dann Webers analytische Behandlung der beiden Begriffe rekonstruiert, um schließlich dessen Vision von Deutschland als Machtstaat mit ökonomischem und kulturellem Anspruch zu formulieren.
Der Rechtsruck in Brasilien: Ein intersektionaler Deutungsversuch
Authors: Costa Sérgio
Published: December 2020

Ausgehend von Ansätzen, die Sozialstruktur- und Machtanalysen miteinander verbinden und erweitern, deutet der Beitrag die jüngeren politischen Entwicklungen in Brasilien als Ausdruck eines intersektionalen Verteilungskonflikts. Dabei wird im gegenwärtigen Rechtsruck der Versuch erkannt, jüngste (leichte) Verschiebungen in der Macht- und Sozialstruktur zugunsten der Armen, der Newcomer sowie der Schwarzen, der Frauen und der LGBT-Gruppen rückgängig zu machen. Die Strategie, das alte Verteilungsarrangement zu restaurieren, wird im Aufsatz unter Berücksichtigung von Äußerungen und Amtshandlungen der seit dem 1. Januar 2019 amtierenden Regierung diskutiert.
Formation and Transformation of Typical Pollutant from MSW by Hydrothermal Carbonization towards Biofuel Hydrochar Production
Authors: Jiao Wentao , Peng Nana , Liu Zhengang
Published: December 2020

An unprecedented increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) is increasingly attractive in response to waste-to-energy. MSW pretreatment is an essential step due to the inherent properties of MSW. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) offers an efficient approach for converting MSW into carbonaceous hydrochars. In this chapter, the formation and transformation of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during HTC of MSW were determined. The results indicated that HTC can homogenize the density and size of MSW and also increase carbon content. Moreover, the concentrations of heavy metals in the leachates of the hydrochars were lower than the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) maximum limits. Compared to MSW, the concentrations of Cr, Cd, Hg, and Zn in the hydrochars were low and the concentrations of Pb, As, Ni, and Cu were high. The concentrations of PAHs in the hydrochars increased with increasing temperature in the range of 1298.71–177698.20 μg/kg, which were much higher than that in MSW, except for H-160. The dominant PAH rings in MSW and the hydrochars were four-ring PAHs and three-ring PAHs, respectively. These findings suggest that 180°C is an appropriate hydrothermal temperature to reduce heavy metals and the toxicity PAHs of MSW.
Move from Resilience Conceptualization to Resilience Enhancement
Authors: Huang Guangwei , Fan Juan
Published: December 2020

This chapter provides an analysis of various resilience definitions and depicts the differences in definition between engineering, ecological and socio-ecological resilience in an easy-to-understand graphic representation. It also articulates commons and differences between conventional flood risk management and resilience-based flood management and presents a mathematical formulation to facilitate resilience discussion. Furthermore, it highlights some studies and initiatives towards the operationalization of the resilience concept in flood disaster management practice. The most important message this chapter is intended to deliver is that resilience is not just about bouncing back. Indeed, it should be enhanced to bounce forward.
Validation Strategy as a Part of the European Gas Network Protection
Authors: Rehak David , Hromada Martin , Gkotsis Ilias , Gazi Anna , Agrafioti Evita , Chalkidou Anastasia , Jurkiewicz Karolina , Bolletta Fabio , Fuggini Clemente
Published: December 2020

The European gas network currently includes approximately 200,000 km high pressure transmission and distribution pipelines. The needs and requirements of this network are focused on risk-based security asset management, impacts and cascading effects of cyber-physical attacks on interdependent and interconnected European Gas grids. The European SecureGas project tackles these issues by implementing, updating, and incrementally improving extended components, which are contextualized, customized, deployed, demonstrated and validated in three business cases, according to scenarios defined by the end-users. Just validation is considered to be a key end activity, the essence of which is the evaluation of the proposed solution to determine whether it satisfies specified requirements. Therefore, the chapter deals with the validation strategy that can be implemented for the verification of these objectives and evaluation of technological based solutions which aim to strengthen the resilience of the European gas network.
Inheritance of Social Capital in the Family: The Case of Multi-child Families
Authors: Taljūnaitė Meilutė
Published: December 2020

The article is based on Coleman’s theory about social capital in the creation of human capital. Social capital is defined by its function. Human capital is created by changes in persons that bring about skills and capabilities to act in new ways. The article examines empirically the value of social capital in the creation of human capital in the next generation. The real cases of multi-child families are very helpful for this task. Human capital is approximately measured by parents’ education (partly expressed by their occupation as well) and provides the potential for social environment for the child that aids learning, occupation, values and norms. The use of the number of siblings as a measure of social capital expresses professional succession in the family, tests decline/growth with sib position, some tendencies of their emigration and family creation.
Peat Soil Engineering And Mechanical Properties Improvement Under The Effect Of EKS Technique At Parit Kuari, Batu Pahat, Johor, West Malaysia
Authors:   Research Centre for Soft Soil (RECESS), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia, Wahab Abdul , Embong Zaidi ,   Research Centre for Soft Soil (RECESS), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia, Hasan Muzamir ,   College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia, Musa Habib ,   Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia, Zaman Qamar UZ ,   Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xian, PR China, Ullah Hidyat ,   Department of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Norway
Published: December 2020

This study focused on the stabilization of peat soil and its engineering and mechanical properties improvement such as shear strength, moisture content, liquid limit and shear wave velocity. Peat is considered as weak foundation soil as they have low shear strength, high compressibility and high moisture content. One of the major problems for the construction industries in Malaysia is slope instability, bearing capacity failure and excessive settlement foundation for the development of highways and buildings when its undertaken-on peatland. Malaysia contains about 3 million hectares peatland which cover 8% of its total land. Therefore, it is essential to find an appropriate way to enhance its properties and to ensure the reduction and solution of these problems can finally solve by applying the electrokinetic stabilization (EKS) method. The peat soil samples were collected from Parit Kuari, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. In the proposed technique, the voltage gradient of 110 and 150 V was applied for the period of 3 and 6 hours. Some laboratory parameters such as shear strength, moisture content (MC), liquid limit, and shear wave velocity were observed for pre as well as for post-EK. It was observed that strength was found significantly improved from 11.66 to 70 kPa, MC was reduced from 613.989 to 270.294%, liquid limit was increased from 159.261 to 217.603%, and shear wave velocity was improved from 68.5 to 110.5 m/s. A significant improvement has been observed in the physical properties of the peat soil by applying the progressive approach showing the robustness of the methodology.
STRUCTURE AND FERROELECTRICITY OF Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 THIN FILMS PREPARED BY A MODIFIED SOL-GEL PROCESSING
Authors: CHENG JIAN-GONG  , MENG XIANG-JIAN  , TANG JUN  , GUO SHAO-LING  , CHU  JUN-HAO  ,   中国科学院上海技术物理研究所红外物理国家实验室，上海  200083
Published: December 2020

Quality Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 (BST) thin films with a remnant polarization of about 3.5μC/cm2,and a coercive field of about 53kV/cm have been successfully prepared by a sol-gel processing using a 0.05mol/L precursor solution.X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope investigations show that the BST films exhibit a tetragonal structure (c/a=1.009) and consist dominantly of large columnar grains of about 150nm in diameter.The observed good ferroelectricity and insulating property render the sol-gel derived BST thin films promising for uncooled infrared detector and thermal imaging applications.
EFFECT OF STRONG PULSED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD ON METAL'S SOLIDIFIED STRUCTURE
Authors: ZI BING-TAO  , BA QI-XIAN  , CUI JIAN-ZHONG  , BAI YU-GUANG  , NA XING-JIE  ,   东北大学，沈阳  110006
Published: December 2020

It was studied by us that new technologies using strong pulsed magnetic field and electric current were applied to refine metal's solidified structure.These technologies improved remarkably the solidified structure of LY12 aluminum alloy and made the solidified grains more equiaxed and apparently finer compared with that of the normal sample,which is of more dendrite grains.The stronger the strength of the pulsed electromagnetic field,the better the improvement effect was.The refinement mechanisms of the new technologies were analyzed theoretically.New phenomena and problems occurred in our experiments were also pointed out in this paper.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON OPTICAL FIELD DISTRIBUTION OF THE SOFT X-RAY LINEAR MONOCHROMATOR
Authors: XU XIANG-DONG  , ZHOU HONG-JUN  , HONG YI-LIN  , HUO TONG-LIN  , TAO XIAO-MING  , FU SHAO-JUN  ,   中国科学技术大学国家同步辐射实验室，合肥  230029
Published: December 2020

With three kinds of condenser zone plates (CZPs) and pinholes, the linear monochromator transmits soft X-rays of 1.97—5.44nm wavelength range. The soft X-ray diffraction images (i.e. the optical field distribution of the monochromator) were recorded from the combination of CZP32 and a pinhole of 30μm by using positive photoresist under the conditions of an appropriate focusing and a large focusing error. The properties of optical field, such as the radius of Airy pattern and the good spatial coherence region, were also obtained. The experimental results agreed well with the theoretical calculation.
INVESTIGATION OF THE AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION IN Nd:GLASS DISK LASER AMPLIFIER
Authors: ZHANG HUA  , FAN DIAN-YUAN  ,   (1)南通师范学院物理系，南通  226007; (2)中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所，上海  201800
Published: December 2020

In this paper, a model program has been established to investigate the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in the Nd:glass disk amplifier with the Monte Carlo method and rays tracing. The distribution of ASE loading on the edge of a disk is firstly calculated. The effect of disk aspect radio on ASE gain reduction is also investigated. Allowance is made for the effect of different reflectivity under the condition of different incidence on two faces.
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF X-RAY RADIATION TRANSPORT IN CYLINDER TARGETS Ⅱ.EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSES
Authors: JIANG SHAO-EN  , ZHENG ZHI-JIAN  , CHENG JIN-XIU  , SUN KE-XU  , YANG JIA-MIN  , MIAO WEN-YONG  , WANG HONG-BIN  ,   中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所，四川绵阳  621900
Published: December 2020

The experimental investigation on the X-ray radiation transport is made.The method for studying X-ray transport is analyzed.Two kinds of targets which are source and cylinder targets are investigated separately.From the source target,the initial condition for transport is obtained.From transport target,the transport result is obtained.The experimental results for the two kinds of targets measured by a soft X-ray spectrometer,flat response X-ray diffraction and transmission gratings are given and analyzed using the simple X-ray radiation transport model.Plasma expansion in cylinder targets are investigated.
PREPARATION OF LARGE AMOUNTS OF CARBON NANOTUBES IN HYDROGEN ATMOSPHERE BY ARC-DISCHARGE
Authors: WANG MIAO  , LI  ZHEN-HUA  , LU YANG  , CHEN XIAO-HUA  , CHEN ZHONG-CAI  , QI ZHONG-FU  , LI WEN-ZHU  ,   (1)浙江大学力学系，杭州  310027; (2)浙江大学物理系，杭州  310027
Published: December 2020

Making use of graphite as electrode,we have prepared carbon nanotubes by the direct current arc-discharge method.The experimental results indicate that the carbon nanotubes are generated on the front-end surface and within the carbon accretion on the cathode.Using SEM adn TEM,we find no significant difference for the shapes and the structures of the generated carbon nanotubes when the pressure and the direct arc-current change.Under the pressure of hydrogen gas 11999Pa and direct arc-current 60A,we obtain a large number of straight and long carbon nanotubes with uniform calibers.
SHORT-TIME CRITICAL DYNAMIC PROCESS OF TWO-LAYER ISING MODEL
Authors: WU MU-YING  , YE AI-JUN  , LI ZI-BING  , ZENG WEN-GUANG  ,   (1)东莞理工学院电子系，东莞  511700; (2)中山大学物理系，广州  510275
Published: December 2020

Monte Carlo simulations of critical dynamics has been used to study the short-time process and scaling behavior of two-layer Ising model. The result shows that there are critical points even when the coupling between the two layers is not equal to zero; the short-time dynamic critical exponent θ was determined; the traditional critical exponent 1/νz was estimated also.Our result encouraged the supposition of the existence of the critical line and evidenced that this model was likely a weak universal model.
LIE SYMMETRIES AND CONSERVED QUANTITIES OF NONHOLONOMIC SYSTEMS WITH SERVOCONSTR AINTS
Authors: MEI FENG-XIANG  ,   北京理工大学应用力学系，北京  100081
Published: December 2020

Using the invariance of the algebraic equations and the differential equations under the infinitesimal transformations,we study the Lie symmetries and conserved quantities of the nonholonomic systems with servoconstraints.We establish the determining equations,the restriction equations and the structure equation,and give the form of conserved quantities.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF HIGH EFFICIENCY ALL-SOLID-STATE PULSED-BLUE LASER SYSTEM
Authors: ZHAO SHANG-HONG  , CHEN GUO-FU  , ZHAO WEI  , WANG YI-SHAN  , YU LIAN-JUN  , CHANG  LI  ,   (1)西安科技学院应用物理系，西安  710043; (2)中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所瞬态光学技术国家重点实验室，西安  710068
Published: December 2020

The infrared (λ0=830nm)nanosecond pulse is generated by pumping Ti:s apphire with diode-Q-YLF laser, and then the second-harmonic blue laser (λ 0=415nm)is obtained by frequency-doubling with the crystal Li BO20(LBO). In our experiments, the fundamental wave with a power of 960mW and cor responding harmonization of 285mW are output from the laser system when pumping power is only 3W. The high fundamental conversion efficiency of 32% and the seco nd harmonic conversion efficiency of 322% are reached, by optimizing the desig n of Ti:sapphire laser system and the focusing system in frequency-doubling. The influences of the bandwidth, the polarization and the focusing of the fundament al wave on the second-harmonic generation are discussed.
THE ANALYTICAL MODEL OF SRS IN SINGLE-MODE SILICA FIBER IN DENSITY WAVELENGTH DI VISION MULTIPLEXED OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Authors: GONG JIA-MIN  , LIU JUAN  , FANG QIANG  , WANG YONG-CHANG  ,   (1)西安交通大学现代物理研究所,西安  710049; (2)西安邮电学院电信系,西安  710061
Published: December 2020

Assuming that the Raman gain profile of silica is a linear function, the authors have given analytic solutions of N-channel stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) st eady-state coupling wave equation. Considering the SRS cross coupling among the N-channels, the analytic solutions are applicable to systems with arbitrary chan nel separation and input light power. Theory shows, that the ratio of photon flu xes between arbitrary two channels is a base-e exponential function of the effct ive fibre length, the total input photon fluxes, and the Raman gain coefficient between the two channels. Finally, the analytic solution is compared with the nu merical one, both are in good agreement with each other.
DETERMINATION OF AVERAGE PORE DIAMETER OF SiO2 XEROGELS BY SMALL ANGLE X-RA Y SCATTERING
Authors: LI ZHI-HONG  , SUN JI-HONG  , WU DONG  , SUN YU-HAN  , LIU YI  , SHENG WEN-JUN  , DONG BAO-ZHONG  ,   (1)中国科学院高能物理研究所，北京  100039; (2)中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所煤转化国家重点实验室，太原  030001
Published: December 2020

Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) with synchrotron radiation as X-ray source h as been used to study the structure of SiO2 xerogels prepared by sol-gel pr ocess. All SAXS profiles in this paper deviate from Porod's law and show negativ e or positive deviation. In order to obtain the information of pore in SiO2 xerogels, we have proposed the corresponding methods to correct the negat ive and positive deviations from Porod's law. Then, the average pore diameter of SiO2 xerogels is determined with Debye's method and Guinier's method , separately, and the results are found to be close to each other. The average d iameters fall in the rangl 3-25nm for samples prepared under various conditions. The results of SAXS are also close to that determined by N2 adsorption met hod at 77K with ASAP2000.
ELECTROLUMINESENCE FROM Au/(SiO2/Si/SiO2) NANOSCALE DOUBLE -BARRIER/n+-Si STRUCTURE
Authors: SUN YONG-KE  , HENG CHENG-LIN  , WANG SUN-TAO  , QIN GUO-GANG  , MA ZHEN-CHANG  , ZONG WAN -HUA  ,   (1)北京大学物理系，北京  100871; (2)信息产业部第十三研究所，砷化镓集成电路国家重点实验室，石家庄  050051
Published: December 2020

The (SiO2/Si/SiO2) nanoscale double-barrier/n+- Si structures with Si layers of various thicknesses were fabricated by the two-t arget alternative magnetron sputtering technique. The thicknesses of the Si laye rs in the structures are from 2nm to 4nm with an interval of 0.2nm. The control samples with Si layers of 0nm were also made. After these structures were anneal ed at 600℃ in a N2 ambient for 30min, electroluminescence (EL) from the Au/SiO2/Si/SiO2/n+-Si structures were obser ved under reverse biases (n+-Si is biased to positive). It was found that the current and EL intensity synchronously swing with increasing Si layer t hickness. All EL spectra of the samples can be decompounded into two Gaussian lu minescent spectra with peaks at 1.85eV (670nm) and 2.26eV (550nm). Analysis of e xperimental results indicates that the EL orginates from the recombination of el ectrons and holes, which are produced in an avalanche process in the Au/(SiO2/Si/SiO2) nanoscale double-barrier/n+-Si structure , via luminescence centers in the SiO2 layers.
(e,2e) IONIZATION CROSS SECTION IN ONE-DIMENSIONAL COULOMB THREE-BODY SYSTEMS
Authors: DUAN BIN  , BAI ZAI-QIAO  , GU YAN  ,   中国科学技术大学天文与应用物理系，非线性中心，合肥  230026
Published: December 2020

We have studied the classical theory of (e,2e) collision between electron and atoms or ions based on three kinds of one-dimensional models, i.e., the s-wave model, the collinear e-Ze- and Ze-e- models. We find numerically the relation of ionization cross sections with increasing energy obey different threshold laws, i.e., the linear law, Wannier law and square root law. These results have been also discussed analytically.
HIGH RESOLUTION FOURIER-TRANSFORM INTRA-CAVITY LASER ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY: THEORY AND APPLICATION
Authors: HU SHUI-MING  , HE SHENG-GUI  , LIN HAI  , CHENG JI-XIN  , WANG XIANG-HUAI  , ZHENG JING-JING  , CHENG GUO-SHENG  , ZHU QING-SHI  ,   中国科学技术大学选键化学开放研究实验室，合肥  230026
Published: December 2020

The theory of detecting the Intra-cavity Laser Absorption Spectroscopy by utilizing a continuous-scan high-resolution Fourier-transform interferometer is introduced.The method to record the position and intensity of absorption lines with the Fourier-transform Intra-cavity Laser Absorption Spectrometer is discussed.By recording the atmospheric water absorption in the region of 12450—12700cm-1,the reliability of this method is investigated.And the technique is applied to record the νOD = 5 stretching overtone of the deuterated water(D2O and HDO).