bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New multiobjective optimization algorithm using NBI-SASP approaches for mechanical structural problems
Authors: El Moumen Samira , Ouhimmou Siham
Published: January 2022

Various engineering design problems are formulated as constrained multi-objective optimization problems. One of the relevant and popular methods that deals with these problems is the weighted method. However, the major inconvenience with its application is that it does not yield a well distributed set. In this study, the use of the Normal Boundary Intersection approach (NBI) is proposed, which is effective in obtaining an evenly distributed set of points in the Pareto set. Given an evenly distributed set of weights, it can be strictly shown that this approach is absolutely independent of the relative scales of the functions. Moreover, in order to ensure the convergence to the Global Pareto frontier, NBI approach has to be aligned with a global optimization method. Thus, the following paper suggests NBI-Simulated Annealing Simultaneous Perturbation method (NBI-SASP) as a new method for multiobjective optimization problems. The study shall test also the applicability of the NBI-SASP approach using different engineering multi-objective optimization problems and the findings shall be compared to a method of reference (NSGA). Results clearly demonstrate that the suggested method is more efficient when it comes to search ability and it provides a well distributed global Pareto Front.
Design of an adiabatic air conditioning package system
Authors: Mothiravally Sachin Sunil , Krishanmurthy Sachidananda Hassan
Published: January 2022

Air conditioning plays a significant role to maintain a cool atmosphere in warm conditions, However, the power consumed by the machine is higher. The commercial prevailing cooling systems are required to operate ventilation and cooling systems in buildings and in turn consumes more power. These systems apart from consuming electricity it also adds to the CO2 emissions to our environment. These energy consumption and CO2 emissions can be decreased by the assistance of energy effective frameworks to the prevailing air conditioning system. The study was conducted on a package unit of 414.2 kW by measuring the relative humidity, dry bulb, and wet bulb temperature to investigate the effect of indirect evaporative cooling on the systems COP. Also, the modelling of the package unit was done using Creo software and the analysis was carried out using ANSYS considering the flow and thermal analysis for different components of the package units. From this analysis it can be observed that by implementing the adiabatic cooling in package unit it is possible to save energy consumption. From the results it can be concluded that energy efficiency was more and the return on investment is high. Also, coefficient of performance of this machine is high and consumes less electricity and the expected energy savings is 20%.
Numerical investigation of dimple-texturing on the turning performance of hardened AISI H-13 steel
Authors: Vignesh Ganesan , Barik Debabrata , Aravind Samraj , Ragupathi Ponnusamy , Arun Munusamy
Published: January 2022

Forming micro-dimples nearer to the cutting edge on the rack face of the tungsten carbide cutting inserts will positively influence the machinability. However, it is challenging to machine the perfect micro-dimple dimensions by utilizing the available machining techniques. Finite element analysis can be an efficient way to observe the influence of dimple-texture area density, micro-dimple size, and various micro-dimple shapes on cutting inserts' machinability. This paper numerically analyses the impact of micro-dimple-textured cutting inserts in dry machining of AISI H-13 steel using AdvantEdge (virtual machining and finite element analysis software). Micro-dimples are formed on the rack face of tungsten carbide cutting inserts to observe the effect of dimple-textured cutting inserts on machinability compared to non-textured cutting inserts in terms of micro-dimple shape, micro-dimple size, and micro-dimple area density ratio. Their outcomes are analysed in terms of chip-insert contact length, main cutting force, and thrust force. It is observed that micro-dimple textured cutting inserts exhibit minimal main cutting force and thrust force in line with increasing the cutting insert life span. The abrasive wear was reduced in dimple-textured cutting inserts due to minimal contact between the cutting insert and chip developed compared to non-textured cutting inserts.
Descending Cephalic to Epigastric Sensation in a Patient with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Novel Observation
Authors: Sureshbabu Sachin , Joseph Merisin , K. G Sruthi , Mohanlal Smilu , Peter Sudhir , Chindripu Sobhana , Janardhanan Sujith , Karunanithi Sellam , T.K Sreekumar , Basheer Noufal , Alappat Jacob P.
Published: January 2022

One of the most frequent type of auras in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is epigastric sensation. Until now the site of the symptomatogenic zone of the epigastric aura remains controversial. The temporal lobe as well as insular cortex has been implicated. Our case is that of a 29-year-old young woman patient who presented with an aura of descending cephalic to epigastric sensation as opposed to the prototypical ascending aura. Interictal and ictal recording favored a mesial temporal pattern. Magnetic resonance imaging brain showed left mesial temporal lobe sclerosis. Interictal positron emission tomography showed concordant findings. The patient underwent selective amygdalohippocampectomy following which she remains seizure-free. This previously unreported clinical expression of MTLE and its origins is discussed.
Total Wrist Fusion with an Intramedullary Device: A Single-Institution Series with a Minimum of One Year Follow-Up
Authors: Samade Richard , Campbell Andrew B. , Awan Hisham M. , Goyal Kanu S.
Published: January 2022

Objective The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional and surgical outcomes of total wrist fusion (TWF) following the use of a locked intramedullary nail (IMN).

Methods A single institution study was performed, which entailed in-person reexamination of 18 patients (n = 19 wrists), out of 35 eligible patients, who underwent TWF with an IMN from 2010 to 2017. For each patient, demographic, preoperative diagnosis, physical examination, wrist radiograph, and outcome questionnaire data were obtained. The questionnaires included the visual analog scale (VAS), quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (QuickDASH), and Mayo Wrist Score assessments. In addition, complication and reoperation data for all TWFs with an IMN during the 2010 to 2017 period (35 patients, n
I = 38 wrists) were noted.

Results In the 18 patients, age was 47.6 ± 13.9 years, 12 (63.2%) were female, and median follow-up was 150 weeks (range: 74–294). The VAS score was 0 ± 0 in 5 of 19 wrists with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 1.82 ± 2.78 in 14 of 19 wrists without RA. It was found that 21 of 38 wrists (55.3%) had an implant-related complication and 5 wrists (13%) underwent a reoperation due to the implant itself.

Conclusions To date, no sufficient data are present demonstrating a clear advantage of an IMN over dorsal plating for TWF at intermediate-term follow-up. Surgeons should be knowledgeable of the several potential complications of this IMN prior to its use for TWF.

Level of Evidence This is a Level IV, therapeutic study.
Discharge characteristics and dynamics of a magnetized current-carrying line-tied plasma
Authors: Elgarhy Mahmoud A. I. , Lee Minkeun , Kim June Young , Chung Kyoung-Jae
Published: January 2022

Discharge characteristics and dynamic behaviors of a current-carrying line-tied (screw pinch) plasma have been experimentally studied. Besides its compactness, the novelty of this design is to utilize a single plasma source for both arc discharge and beam extraction, providing a plasma current of up to 2 kA with an injection voltage of 1.2 kV. The electron density and temperature of the screw pinch plasma were measured to be ∼1020 m−3 and ∼6 eV, respectively, depending on the operating parameters and magnetic field topology. The estimated Kruskal–Shafranov instability current limit of 1.58 kA was confirmed by high-speed camera measurement. The initial experimental results showed that the strength and topology of the magnetic field played a crucial role in the discharge characteristics and dynamic behaviors of the current-carrying line-tied plasma.
Nitric oxide is involved in hydrogen sulfide-induced adventitious rooting in tomato (
Authors: Liu Huwei , Wang Chunlei , Li Changxia , Zhao Zongxi , Wei Lijuan , Liu Zhiya , Hu Dongliang , Liao Weibiao
Published: January 2022

Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are signalling molecules that regulate adventitious rooting in plants. However, little is known about the cross-talk between NO and H2S during adventitious rooting. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) explants were used to investigate the roles of and relationships between NO and H2S during rooting. Effects of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and the H2S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) on adventitious rooting were dose-dependent, and the greatest biological responses were observed under 25 μM SNP and 50 μM NaHS. The positive effect of NaHS was reversed by the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxy-2-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO), indicating that the H2S-induced response was partially NO-dependent. Peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities significantly increased by SNP and NaHS treatment, and indoleacetic acid oxidase (IAAO) activity and the O2− and H2O2 content significantly decreased by SNP and NaHS treatment. SNP and NaHS treatment also increased the content of soluble sugar and protein and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). cPTIO significantly mitigated the increases in POD, PPO and SOD activity and soluble sugar, protein and IAA content induced by NaHS. SNP and NaHS upregulated the expression of auxin-related genes (ARF4 and ARF16), cell cycle-related genes (CYCD3, CYCA3 and CDKA1), and antioxidant-related genes (TPX2, SOD and POD); whereas cPTIO significantly inhibited the increase in the expression of these genes induced by NaHS. Overall, these results show that NO may be involved in H2S-induced adventitious rooting by regulating the activity of rooting-related enzymes, the expression of related genes, and the content of various nutrients.
The distributional outcomes of rights-based management in fisheries
Authors: Abbott Joshua K. , Leonard Bryan , Garber-Yonts Brian
Published: January 2022

Significance

Rights-based management reforms in fisheries have attracted controversy regarding the unequal distribution of their economic benefits, but systematic quantitative evidence has been lacking due to data limitations. Our research leverages a longitudinal dataset to compare payments to captains, crew, vessel owners, and owners of harvest quota in the Bering Sea crab fisheries both before and after implementing individual transferable quotas (ITQs). This paper provides a fishery-wide accounting of returns to these diverse stakeholder groups at the vessel level. The results underscore the importance of considering the distribution of payments to different stakeholders within each vessel as well as heterogeneity in payments across vessels. Our approach provides a model for collecting and analyzing data on distributional outcomes for other fisheries.
FASN-dependent de novo lipogenesis is required for brain development
Authors: Gonzalez-Bohorquez Daniel , Gallego López Isabel M. , Jaeger Baptiste N. , Pfammatter Sibylle , Bowers Megan , Semenkovich Clay F. , Jessberger Sebastian
Published: January 2022

Significance

Regulation of cellular metabolism in proliferating progenitor cells and their neuronal progeny is critical for brain development and function. Here, we identify a pivotal role of fatty acid synthase (FASN)-dependent de novo lipogenesis for mouse and human brain development, as genetic deletion of FASN leads to microcephaly in the developing mouse cortex and cortical malformations in human embryonic stem cell–derived forebrain organoids. Mechanistically, we show that FASN is required for proper polarity of apical progenitor cells. The dual approach applied here, using mouse genetics and human forebrain organoids, establishes a role of FASN-dependent lipogenesis for mouse and human brain development and identifies a link between progenitor-cell polarity and lipid metabolism.
Talking about oneself
Authors: Mueller Charles M. , Richardson Peter
Published: January 2022

Second language instructors often have students talk about their own experiences rather than abstract impersonal topics. Intuitively, such topics seem more likely to encourage student engagement. Unfortunately, virtually no empirical research has examined the effects of personal prompts on spoken output. To address this gap in research, the current study (N = 117) compares the spoken output of Japanese university English students who responded to a personal prompt with students responding to an impersonal prompt. Output was recorded in transcripts and then analyzed using a battery of measures related to complexity, accuracy, and fluency. Findings showed that personalized prompts were associated with greater fluency. Moreover, there was some evidence that impersonal prompts led to output with greater lexical complexity. Rates of accuracy were similar in both groups. Correlational analysis suggested that lexical sophistication was associated with reduced fluency. The conclusion addresses practical implications and avenues for further research.
Active Brownian motion with speed fluctuations in arbitrary dimensions: exact calculation of moments and dynamical crossovers
Authors: Shee Amir , Chaudhuri Debasish
Published: January 2022

We consider the motion of an active Brownian particle with speed fluctuations in d-dimensions in the presence of both translational and orientational diffusion. We use an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process for active speed generation. Using a Laplace transform approach, we describe and use a Fokker–Planck equation-based method to evaluate the exact time dependence of all relevant dynamical moments. We present explicit calculations of several such moments and compare our analytical predictions against numerical simulations to demonstrate and analyze the dynamical crossovers, determined by the orientational persistence of activity, speed fluctuation and relaxation. The kurtosis of displacement shows positive and negative deviations from a Gaussian behavior at intermediate times depending on the dominance of speed and orientational fluctuations, respectively.
Optimal control of complex networks with conformity behavior
Authors: Qian Zu-Yu , Yuan Cheng , Zhou Jie , Chen Shi-Ming , Nie Sen
Published: January 2022

Despite the significant advances in identifying the driver nodes and energy requiring in network control, a framework that incorporates more complicated dynamics remains challenging. Here, we consider the conformity behavior into network control, showing that the control of undirected networked systems with conformity will become easier as long as the number of external inputs beyond a critical point. We find that this critical point is fundamentally determined by the network connectivity. In particular, we investigate the nodal structural characteristic in network control and propose optimal control strategy to reduce the energy requiring in controlling networked systems with conformity behavior. We examine those findings in various synthetic and real networks, confirming that they are prevailing in describing the control energy of networked systems. Our results advance the understanding of network control in practical applications.
Light curve analysis of the eclipsing binary system V781 Tau
Authors: Lamlert N , Maithong W
Published: January 2022

V781 Tau is one of W UMa eclipsing binary systems whose orbital period is 0.34 days. The 0.7-meter telescope with CCD photometric system in B and V filters was conducted at the Regional Observatory for the Public, Chachoengsao, Thailand during December 2018, UT. The Wilson-Devinney Technique was used for calculating the physical properties of V781 Tau. The results showed the inclination of their orbital is 66.140°±0.14. The effective temperature of the primary and secondary star is 6,060 and 5,881 K, respectively and the degree of contact is 4.38 %
Ganymede’s magnetic footprint brightness and location in respond to main emission
Authors: Promfu T , Wannawichian S , Nichols J D , Clarke J T , Haewsantati K
Published: January 2022

Jupiter’s aurora features have been observed by the Hubble space telescope (HST) for over two decades. One of the auroral features, Ganymede’s magnetic footprint, appears close to the main emission and is sometimes embedded in the main emission. The latter case causes difficulty in identifying Ganymede’s magnetic footprint from in the main emission. The FUV aurora images were taken by Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) onboard the HST. The fluctuations of Ganymede’s footprint brightness over time will be analyzed. Moreover, the correlation between the brightness and locations of the main emission and Ganymede’s magnetic footprint will be analyzed to characterize the connection between ionospheric phenomena and the magnetospheric dynamics. Since the main emission is very bright in comparison with the footprint, therefore, the variation of the main emission can affect the Ganymede’s magnetic footprint. Furthermore, the expansion of the main emission is consistent with the location shift of Ganymede’s magnetic footprint in equatorward direction. The brightness and location of the main emission can be influenced by the plasma variation in Jupiter’s magnetosphere which is affected partly by the volcanic eruption on Io and solar wind dynamic pressure. The variation of Ganymede magnetic footprint’s brightness and location in respond to the main emission could be an important indicator of the magnetospheric variation under the influences of internal and external factors.
Constraining the annihilation of dark matter via cosmic-ray positrons and electrons
Authors: Setthahirun Suwitchaya , Wechakama Maneenate
Published: January 2022

We aim to constrain the properties of dark matter particles by several measurements of positrons and electrons from cosmic-rays. We assume that collisions of dark matter particles and dark matter anti-particles can produce positrons and electrons. The electron-positron propagation is explained by a diffusion-loss equation including loss rates, diffusion, as well as source function. We use data of cosmic-ray positrons and electrons detected by PAMELA, H.E.S.S., AMS-02 and Fermi-LAT. We compare the observational data with the electron and positron spectrum from five annihilation channels in our model to derive constraining factors regarding the cross-section of the annihilation of dark matter. The tightest constraint is provided by cosmic-ray positrons of AMS-02 for the electron channel. Dark matter with mass below a few GeV gets excluded by the cosmic-ray positrons of AMS-02 for the electron, muon and tau channels.
Detectability of exomoons by examining the signals from a model of transiting exoplanets with moons
Authors: Cherdwongsung P , Awiphan S , Kittara P , Matan K , Nakharutai N
Published: January 2022

Exomoons are natural satellites of exoplanets. Nowadays, none has been confirmed. However, a number of detection techniques have been proposed, including Transit Timing Variations (TTV) and Transit Duration Variations (TDV) techniques. From a recent study, fitting observed transit with the traditional photocentric fitting model shows unique features around the primary and secondary exomoon transits in TDV and transit depth signals, which might reduce the detectability. The aim of this work is to retrieve the variation of TTV, TDV and transit depth signals of exomoon systems with the photocentric fitting model. One year star-planet-moon transit light curves are simulated with LUNA algorithm and fit with TransitFit. The results show that neglecting the TDV and transit depth data with phase around exomoon’s primary and secondary transits improve the exomoon detectability by a factor of ten and the systems with large moon orbital semi-major axis with nearly edge-on orbit around low mass stars can be detected.
The spectral energy distribution of an X-ray pair halo from a gamma-ray source with a power-law continuum
Authors: Eungwanichayapant A , Luangtip W
Published: January 2022

Interactions between Very High Energy (VHE) gamma-rays from Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) and infrared photons from the Extragalactic Background Light (EBL) can start electromagnetic cascades. If the extragalactic magnetic field near a host galaxy is strong enough (∼1 µG), the cascades would develop isotropically around the AGN. As a result, the electron/positron pairs created along the development of the cascades would create an X-ray halo via synchrotron radiation process. It is believed that the VHE gamma-ray spectra from the AGNs could be approximated by a power-law model which is truncated at high energy end (i.e. maximum energy). In this work we studied the X-ray Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) of the halo generated from the AGN spectra with different power indices and maximum energy levels. The results showed that the SEDs were slightly higher and broader, as they were obtaining higher flux if the power indices were lower. On the other hand, the SEDs were sensitive to the maximum energy levels between 100-300 TeV. More flux could be obtained from the higher maximum energy. However, we found that the SED becomes insensitive to the varied parameters when the maximum energy and the power index are > 500 TeV and < 1.5, respectively.
Effect of Zr content on the structure and morphology of CrZrN thin films prepared by reactive DC magnetron co-sputtering method
Authors: Buranawong Adisorn , Witit-Anun Nirun
Published: January 2022

In this research, nanostructured chromium zirconium nitride (CrZrN) thin film has been deposited on Si(100) substrates by reactive DC magnetron co-sputtering method without in situ substrate heating and post-deposition annealing. The effects of Zr content on thin film structure and morphology were investigated. The Zr content in the films were varied by applied the sputtering current of Zr target (Izr) in the range of 300 to 900 mA, whereas the current of Cr target was kept at 300 mA. The crystal structure, microstructure, morphology, thickness, and chemical composition were characterized by glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GA-XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques, respectively. The results showed that the increase of Izr not only increased the deposition rate, but also increased the Zr content of the as-deposited film ranging from 3.9 to 26.5 at%. The as-deposited thin films were formed as a (Cr,Zr)N solid solution, with fcc structure in (111) and (200) plane, where Cr atoms were replaced by Zr atoms in the CrN lattice. The 2θ diffraction peaks were shifted to the lower value as increase of Zr content which was obtained by increased Izr. The nanocrystalline CrZrN structure with crystal sizes smaller than 10 nm structure were calculated for as-deposited thin films. The lattice parameters increased from 4.187 to 4.381 Å, whereas the crystal size decreased from 8.3 to 6.4 nm. The FE-SEM images of all the CrZrN films exhibited compact columnar with dense morphology as a function of Zr content. Moreover, the thickness of the CrZrN thin films was increased of 302 – 421 nm.
Evaluation of projected decadal wind energy potential in Chiang Mai
Authors: Ratjiranukool Pakpoom , Ratjiranukool Sujittra
Published: January 2022

One of the alternative energy sources which have globally pay more attention is wind power. In this research, the Weibull wind speed distribution was applied to evaluate wind energy potential during the period of 2081-2090. The projected wind datasets in this study were simulated by the Non hydrostatic Regional Climate Model (NHRCM). The boundary condition was the 20 km resolution MRI Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM20) under the RCP8.5 scenario. The surface wind datasets in Chiang Mai were analyzed to 3-time intervals, i.e., May-August, September-December and January-April. Two averaged Weibull distribution parameters, i.e., k, shape parameter, and c, scale parameter were determined. The shape and scale parameters fluctuated 1.15 to 1.34 and 0.38 m/s to 0.74 m/s, respectively. It was found that the surface mean wind speed from May through August was stronger than from September through December.
Integrated studies to investigate paleochannel aquifer in Dan Chang District, Suphan Buri Province, Western Thailand
Authors: Muangnoi S , Chaimanee N , Pananont P
Published: January 2022

Climate change is currently causing droughts in many parts of Thailand, especially in Dan Chang District, Suphan Buri Province where many areas are outside irrigation coverage and deep groundwater explorations are less successful due to groundwater shortages. Therefore, there is a need to explore other shallow groundwater (i.e. less than 15 m deep) resources to relieve the drought problems in the communities. This work uses integrated studies of remote sensing, geology and geophysics to identify the location of a paleochannel that contains shallow groundwater resources in the Nong Makha Mong Subdistrict, Dan Chang District, Suphan Buri Province. Potential sites were selected using preliminary remote sensing analysis along with field surveys. A high-resolution topography map from aerial photos was generated and 2D resistivity imaging surveys were conducted at the selected sites to delineate the location of the paleochannel. The drilled wells prove the success of the integrated study to identify the shallow groundwater in the paleochannel at a depth of 3 to 15 m with a groundwater yield of 4 m3/h. The sediments from the borehole suggest that a combination of alluvial deposits and fluvial sediments. Due to the relative lower cost of drilling shallow wells, this work could be used as a pilot project for local communities to explore shallow groundwater aquifers in paleochannels in areas that face a severe drought crisis and have very little deep groundwater potential.
The remanent magnetisation recorded in the Chesapeake Bay impact crater, Virginia
Authors: Supakulopas R , Tikoo S M
Published: January 2022

During impact events, planetary crusts experience high pressures that can impart rocks with shock remanent magnetisation (SRM) if an ambient magnetic field or demagnetise rocks if a field is absent. If rocks experience substantial impact heating or are pressurised above ~40 GPa (inducing melting and recrystallisation) they may instead record a thermo-viscous remanent magnetisation (TVRM) as they cool below their Curie temperatures. Understanding impact re-magnetisation is crucial for studying terrestrial impact craters, but also unraveling the history of long-lived core dynamo fields on other planetary bodies. In this research we studied impact-related re-magnetisation recorded in natural rock samples from the Chesapeake Bay impact crater, Virginia. As a case study, here we discuss the natural remanent magnetisation (NRM) of two samples of different rock types: a suevite (sample I9-UI, depth 1.40 km beneath the ground) and a schist (sample S32, depth 1.67 km beneath the ground) using thermal and alternating field demagnetisation. The suevite represents a sample that contains material that experience impact remelting, whereas the schist represents an unmelted rock. From the NRM spectra, we found that the sample ITH9-UI was remagnetised by TVRM due to impact-related heating, while the sample STH32 shows the indication of shock deformation of magnetic minerals.
Single-axis solar tracking system referring to date and time
Authors: Chaijum N , Cheunchantawong L , Siriram T
Published: January 2022

This article is about designing and building a single-axis solar tracking system referring to the sun position database. The objectives are as follows: 1. to design and build a solar tracking system, and, 2. to compare the power produced from the solar tracking system with that from the stationary solar panel. The angle of the solar panel from the solar tracking system is positioned at a constant altitude angle, 15 degrees, facing south, and the moving part was the azimuth, which follows the position of the sun. Latitude and longitude coordinates are identified by an Arduino UNO R3 microcontroller board for processing data, reading coordinates of the sun’s angle degrees from the SD card module, and commanding the servo motor to rotate to adjust the angle of the solar panel in a position perpendicular to the sun. Results from the experiment were collected in October 2020 from 9 AM to 4 PM. The system changed the angle degree every 30 minutes. It is found that the solar tracking system can easily be created and controlled, and can also accurately follow the sun’s position all day long. Moreover, it can generate more electric power than that generated by the stationary solar panel by up to 15%. The system is applicable and can generate more electric power than other tracking systems, although the results were collected during the rainy season when the weather was generally cloudy and rainy throughout the month.
The simulation of the microwave shielding properties of the dual band pass frequency selective surface
Authors: Samoh Asma , Chitaree Ratchapak
Published: January 2022

Without proper caution, the microwave leakage from a microwave oven door can be harmful to users’ health. In practice, the leaked radiation has to be blocked while the visible light is allowed to pass for a visual inspection of the cooking progress inside the oven. To fulfil the requirements, the door design based on the principle of the frequency selective surface (FSS) was proposed and the gridded square loop pattern was chosen. In the simulation conducted by COMSOL Multiphysics software, the size of the proposed FSS was given as 40.7×40.7 mm with a dielectric thickness of 2.8 mm. Two important characteristics in terms of shielding effectiveness (SE) and optical transparency (OT) of the proposed FSS configuration at normal incidence were simulated and found to be 62.7 dB and 57.5%, respectively. The simulation results indicate that the proposed FSS is applicable to a safety design of a microwave oven door in suppressing the microwave leakage. Parametric studies on the characteristics due to geometrical dimensions and glass substrate thickness were also investigated. These parameters were found to affect the shielding and transmitting performances of the proposed FSS.
Low-cost laser diode pulse generator for quantum information applications
Authors: Buathong S , Janpoon J , Suksawat N , Deachapunya S
Published: January 2022

A simple short-pulse generator circuit based on electronic gates is designed for short electric pulse of about 12 ns at Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) and 3.6 Volt amplitude for driving a laser diode. Using our circuit with a 780 nm laser diode designed and fabricated for producing short light pulses. The circuit utilizes an AND gate, a XOR gate, and a common function generator, provides a repetition rate from DC up to 1 MHz. The laser pulses were generated and then detected via an avalanche photodiodes (APD). This finding can benefit the field of light-based quantum information including single photon experiments.
Color measurement of yellow sapphire by UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Tipkanon N , Monarumit N , Lhuaamporn T , Wongkokua W
Published: January 2022

Yellow sapphire is a gemstone variety of corundum (Al2O3). The yellow color is commonly caused by Fe3+ impurity substituting for Al3+ in the Al2O3 structure. The depth of yellow color is linked to Fe3+ concentration. The higher content of Fe3+ produces a deeper yellow color. However, there is low content of the impurity such as Be2+ in cooperating with the low content of Fe3+ to produce the yellow color in yellow sapphires. It is difficult to differentiate between the natural yellow sapphire caused by high Fe3+ content and the beryllium-treated yellow sapphire by naked eyes. Some advanced techniques to identify the Be heat-treated yellow sapphire have been practiced such as laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). We measured the colors of naturals and beryllium-treated yellow sapphires by UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy. The concentration of impurities in the sapphire samples was measured by the LA-ICP-MS technique. To compare the yellow colors of CIE L
*
a
*
b
* and CIE L
*
C
*
h, we found that the lightness and hue values of the Be-treated yellow sapphires were higher than the natural yellow sapphires with high Fe3+ content.
Demonstration of light reflection concepts for rendering realistic 3D tree images
Authors: Hiranyachattada Tiantada , Kusirirat Kampanat , Kamolchaipisit Kasem , Jaiboonlue Panadda
Published: January 2022

With advancements in computer graphics, creating natural images has always been the main purpose, image rendering is all based on principles of physics. So, understanding the physics of image rendering will enable us to create the most realistic images. A ray of light hit a surface with different orientation and reflects as per the rules of physics. It is difficult to calculate the light reflection of complex foliage, such as trees, so, the reflection of this natural complexity needs to be adapted to rendering situations. In this research, the researchers provide demonstrations to enable students to understand the light reflection in nature, light calculation in computer graphics and methods to apply them to render realistic tree images. The researchers assign students to render 3D realistic tree images to assess the students’ understanding by applying the diffuse reflection value, specular reflection value and surface normal direction to render realistic tree images. The researchers find that most students understand of diffuse reflection, specular reflection, and surface normal direction causes the rendering results to be most realistic.
High efficiency five-element trap detector with low optical losses
Authors: Sildoja M M , Schneider P , Nevas S
Published: January 2022

We have constructed a 5-element trap detector using 10 x 10 mm UVG100 photodiodes. The trap exhibits high uniformity of responsivity (±100 part per million) and ultra-low reflectance losses (mostly below 1 part per million) throughout the visible range. Responsivity and quantum efficiency measurements indicate close to ideal performance between 360 nm and 680 nm within the expanded measurement uncertainty of 0.25 %–0.15 %. The UVG trap can be considered as an absolute detector between these wavelengths and as a cheaper and a simpler alternative to the custom-made Predictable Quantum Efficient Detector for use in photometric and radiometric applications.
Adjustable light source for low light level with nearly constant correlated color temperature
Authors: Wu Z F , Li L , Dai C H , Wang Y F , Cheng Q T , Xie Y H
Published: January 2022

Low light level (LLL) calibration becomes more and more important since the rapid growth of remote sensing. The spectral radiance at normal higher light levels can be calibrated with good accuracy, while LLL spectral radiance cannot. If an adjustable light source can be designed at nearly constant correlated color temperature (CCT) covering several orders of magnitude, low light level spectral radiance can be obtained with the help of a photodetector. Whether or not the spectral distribution of an integrating sphere based light source is nearly constant is investigated. By adjusting the diameter of the variable aperture between the integrating sphere and tungsten lamp, the spectral radiance can be varied over 6 orders of magnitude. However, the relative spectrum in the red region increases notably when the spectral radiance is decreased to 1/100000. If the spectral radiance is decreased further, the spectral difference can be more than 300% and CCT decreases more than 250 K. By using baffles and another integrating sphere, low light level radiation source at nearly constant spectral distribution is obtained. The variation of CCT is less than 50 K over 6 orders of magnitude.
Structure and microstructure behavior of iron doped potassium sodium niobate powders
Authors: Amaya-Zabala S , Echavarría-Isaza A , Tobon J , Roca R , Londoño-Badillo F A
Published: January 2022

In this paper, the synthesis and characterization of the potassium sodium niobate doped with iron powders have been studied. Solid-state oxide reaction sintering was used. The powders produced in this work exhibit no homogeneous microstructure, which introduced the growth of random cylindrical structures and will can contribute to the increased porosity ceramics. It was observed average particle size of 3μm, besides, also it was observed the formation of agglomerations and an increase in the size of these clusters with the increase in the amount of iron. The calcination temperature was 950 °C. This is slightly higher than other potassium sodium niobate powders systems. In addition to the physical and microstructural properties, structural properties are presented and analyzed for the first-time using Mössbauer spectroscopy as complementary technique in Fe 3+doped potassium sodium niobate powders. This work is important to state solid physics because establishes the influence of iron in the potassium sodium niobate system, and so the future obtaining of multifunctional materials that have piezoelectric and magnetic properties.
Classification of Parkinson’s disease patients based on spectrogram using local binary pattern descriptors
Authors: Gelvez-Almeida E , Váasquez-Coronel A , Guatelli R , Aubin V , Mora M
Published: January 2022

Extreme learning machine is an algorithm that has shown a good performance facing classification and regression problems. It has gained great acceptance by the scientific community due to the simplicity of the model and its sola great generalization capacity. This work proposes the use of extreme learning machine neural networks to carry out the classification between Parkinson’s disease patients and healthy individuals. The descriptor used corresponds to the feature vector generated applying the local binary Pattern algorithm to the grayscale spectrograms. The spectrograms are obtained from the audio signal samples from the considered repository. Experiments are conducted with single hidden layer and multilayer extreme learning machine networks comparing the results of each structure. Results show that hierarchical extreme learning machine with three hidden layers has a better general performance over multilayer extreme learning machine networks and a single hidden layer extreme learning machine. The rate of success obtained is within the ranges presented in the literature. However, the hierarchical network training time is considerably faster compared to multilayer networks of three or two hidden layers.
Impulsive simulation model for the dynamics of allergen immunotherapy
Authors: Vergaño-Salazar J G , Córdova-Lepe F , Pastenes L , Cuesta-Herrera L , Lozada-Yavina r
Published: January 2022

This study aims to analyze the effects of allergen immunotherapy, used to treat allergic symptoms such as pollen allergy. Mathematical models are used as a methodological approach to simulate from a system of impulsive differential equations the dynamics of the model. Immunotherapy is based of supplying small amounts of pollen to the patient, which leads to minimizing severe allergic symptoms when patients are subsequently exposed to higher amounts of pollen in the environment. Lymphocyte concentrations are considered state variables, allowing the behavior and efficacy of allergen immunotherapy to be identified. The manuscript proposes a method that allows to model mixed systems. Phenomena that present continuous times in some instants and discrete times in others, these are phenomena that are frequently found in the field of physics. Allergen immunotherapy is most effective when a treatment is created with pollen dose increments in a linear form.
Newton’s law learning assessment: an experience with high school students
Authors: Prada Nuñez R , Hernández-Suarez C A , Gamboa Suarez A A
Published: January 2022

The Force Concepts Inventory is a test to determine the level of conceptual knowledge of students about mechanical physics and to evaluate the effectiveness of different teaching strategies on the conceptual component of learning. The test is applied with the purpose of knowing the level of conceptualization of the students of a Physics subject course. The results of the pre-test made it possible to find out the level of conceptualization that the students possessed and provided information for the development of workshops based on real physical situations that required the elaboration of force diagrams. The results of the post-test allowed estimating Hake’s learning and showed evidence about the conceptual evolution of the students and information to develop future teaching activities on Newton’s laws.
Investigation of parameters of new MAPD-3NM silicon photomultipliers
Authors: Ahmadov F. , Ahmadov G. , Akbarov R. , Aktag A. , Budak E. , Doganci E. , Gurer U. , Holik M. , Kahraman A. , Karaçali H. , Lyubchyk S. , Lyubchyk A. , Lyubchyk S. , Mammadli A. , Mamedov F. , Nuruyev S. , Pridal P. , Sadigov A. , Sadygov Z. , Urban O. , Yilmaz E. , Yilmaz O. , Zich J.
Published: January 2022

In the presented work, the parameters of a new MAPD-3NM-II photodiode with buried pixel structure manufactured in cooperation with Zecotek Company are investigated. The photon detection efficiency, gain, capacitance and gamma-ray detection performance of photodiodes are studied. The SPECTRIG MAPD is used to measure the parameters of the MAPD-3NM-II and scintillation detector based on it. The obtained results show that the newly developed MAPD-3NM-II photodiode outperforms its counterparts in most parameters and it can be successfully applied in space application, medicine, high-energy physics and security.
The CMS electromagnetic calorimeter upgrade: high-rate readout with precise time and energy resolution
Authors: Mijuskovic Jelena
Published: January 2022

The electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) of the CMS detector has played an important role in the physics program of the experiment, delivering outstanding performance throughout data taking. The high-luminosity LHC will pose new challenges. The four to five-fold increase of the number of interactions per bunch crossing will require superior time resolution and noise rejection capabilities. For these reasons the electronics readout has been completely redesigned. A dual gain trans-impedance amplifier and an ASIC providing two 160 MHz ADC channels, gain selection, and data compression will be used in the new readout electronics. The trigger decision will be moved off-detector and will be performed by powerful and flexible FPGA processors, allowing for more sophisticated trigger algorithms to be applied. The upgraded ECAL will be capable of high-precision energy measurements throughout HL-LHC and will greatly improve the time resolution for photons and electrons above 10 GeV.
Development of the Q-band ECE imaging system in the large helical device
Authors: Goto Y. , Tokuzawa T. , Kuwahara D. , Ichinose K. , Tsuchiya H. , Nishiura M. , Shimizu T. , Kubo S. , Yamada I.
Published: January 2022

In this study, we developed the Electron Cyclotron Emission Imaging (ECEI) system with the Q-band in the Large Helical Device (LHD). ECEI measurement makes it possible to obtain the spatiotemporal structure of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) instabilities in the high-β plasma. Although there were several difficulties for realizing the multi-channelization, such as local oscillator (LO) optics and an expensive high-power LO source, we have solved these problems by developing a Local Integrated Antenna array (LIA) which has an internal LO supply, using a frequency doubler integrated circuit on each channel, instead of a conventional Horn-antenna Mixer Array (HMA) with common LOs. In addition, we have made some improvements to enhance the quality of the measurement signal. First, we developed and introduced notch filters that prevent the strong Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) stray signal from being mixed into the measurement circuit. Second, the position of the doubler built in the printed circuit board was reconsidered to prevent the mixing of higher harmonic components into the mixer. Also, we have adopted the Logarithmic detector (LOG detector) to deal with the wide dynamic range of the plasma fluctuation. After these improvements, for the first time, we could successfully obtain the initial results of the two-dimensional temperature distribution and its fluctuation distribution in the LHD.
How does the Government Manage Waste? Analysis of Waste Management in Bantul Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Pribadi Denny Ardiansyah , Purnomo Eko Priyo , Fathani Aqil Teguh , Salsabila Lubna , Azmi Novia Amirah
Published: January 2022

A This study aims to determine the extent of waste management in Bantul Regency with the concept of policy implementation by Edward III, which consists of policy communication, policy coherence, and policy implementation consistency. The government and society are currently trying to manage 3R-based waste (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle). Researchers used a qualitative descriptive method using secondary data consisting of literature, online media and the internet, and documents from the Bantul district government. The results of the study stated that: Bantul Regency Government is still not optimal in terms of waste management; this can be seen from the level of attention to waste management and management, which is still minimal, thus giving the result that the government has not succeeded in handling waste quickly, precisely and correctly. However, if seen from the amount of waste mass, there was a reduction from 202,910 tons (2019) to 192,021 tons (2020); this is because COVID-19 has stopped mobility and activities so that the amount of waste is not as much as in 2019. However, it should still be noted that waste management must be improved so that waste in the future does not become a new problem.
Photocatalytic Inhibition of Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacteria by Nanoparticulate C-doped TiO2
Authors: Chen Xixi , Yan Xiaoying , Yuan Ronghui , Shan Dakun , Ji Jiamei
Published: January 2022

C-doped TiO2 (C-TiO2) was synthesised using a solvothermal method with ethanol/TBT/LDPE medium. Microstructure and elemental composition of C-TiO2 were analysed with TEM and XPS. An anti-bacterial device was utilized for photocatalytic inhibition of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The device to measure bacteriostatic action was placed in a dark room, and the bacterial culture was placed in a holding cup which contained holding box and nanoparticulate C-TiO2. This approach was convenient for addition and removal of C-TiO2. Photocatalytic bacteriostasis by C-TiO2 under visible-light irradiation was quantitively assessed for bacteriostatic properties. Moreover, the qualitative assessment of anti-bacterial activity with C-TiO2 was less significant for gram-positive bacteria in comparison to gram-negative bacteria.