bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PKCA: A priori‐knowledge and congestion‐awareness method for adaptive routing algorithms in mesh architectures
Authors: Wang Yongchang , Zhao Hongzhi , Wang Yi , Wang Baosheng , Liu Yuanxu , Wu Jie
Published: April 2024

Adaptive routing algorithms have been widely utilized in Network‐on‐Chip (NoC) architectures and have shown to enhance overall throughput in numerous studies. The adaptive routing algorithms can effectively detect network congestion. On the one hand, one‐hop awareness or local awareness can easily detect network congestion but may also result in local greed. On the other hand, global awareness is better for load balancing, but it is difficult to be aware of the network congestion status. This article proposes a lightweight adaptive on‐chip routing algorithm based on the concentric circles theory and prior knowledge derived from real‐life observations. The algorithm, named the Priori‐Knowledge and Congestion‐Awareness method (PKCA), aims to optimize the routing efficiency within the chip. PKCA is designed to be not only simple but also to have low time complexity, allowing it to calculate paths to destinations without local greed. We performed evaluations, and the results demonstrated that our design surpasses one‐hop awareness, two‐hop awareness, and global awareness by 31%, 25%, and 20%, respectively, in terms of latency, and by 22%, 14%, and 22%, respectively, in terms of throughput. Furthermore, the time complexity is only in an 2D mesh.
A cost‐effectiveness analysis of using umbilical cord blood pH for the diagnosis and management of neonatal asphyxia in term high‐risk pregnancy
Authors: Winiyom Patipan , Janyoungsak Pornpimon , Narkwichean Amarin , Khuancharee Kitsarawut , Laosooksathit Wipada
Published: April 2024

Objective

The objective was to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of using umbilical cord blood pH (UC‐pH) in combination with APGAR score for neonatal asphyxia, in terms of high‐risk pregnancies, compared to using the APGAR score only. Neonatal outcomes and the proportions of patients admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were evaluated.

Methods

A cost‐effectiveness ambispective analysis study was carried out, comparing (i) UC‐pH combined with APGAR score and (ii) APGAR score only in 399 term pregnancies with a high risk for neonatal asphyxia. Costs included implementation, medical, and admission costs. Incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICER) were calculated. The proportions of patients admitted to the NICU were evaluated.

Results

UC‐pH combined with APGAR score demonstrated a cost‐effective outcome (3990.64 USD vs 5545.11 USD) and an ICER shown as saving 103.66 USD compared to the APGAR score alone. The need for NICU admission was less in the umbilical cord blood collection group (18 vs 33 cases).

Conclusion

A combination of UC‐pH with APGAR score assessment for neonatal asphyxia in a high‐risk term pregnancy can effectively reduce costs and requirement for NICU admission.
The heterogeneous role of party affiliation in the runner‐up effect
Authors: Khalil Umair , Oak Mandar , Ponnusamy Sundar
Published: April 2024

A recent finding establishes that second‐place candidates perform substantially better over third‐place candidates in future electoral races. We show that this estimated effect masks substantial heterogeneity with respect to the party affiliation of the candidates. Only runner‐ups without a major party backing in election
have significant prospects over the third‐place candidates in election
, in terms of either recontesting or winning. Our finding suggests that political parties and voters, while strategically coordinating on the runner‐ups in election
, also take into account the party backing as a potential signal of their intrinsic quality.
Reliability of a Screening Method Using Antibiotic Disks to Detect Carbapenemases in Glucose‐Nonfermenting Gram‐Negative Microorganisms From Clinical Samples of a Regional Hospital in Southeastern Spain
Authors: Hernández‐Chico Itahisa , Rodríguez‐Guerrero Enrique , Expósito‐Ruiz Manuela , Navarro‐Marí José María , Gutiérrez‐Fernández José
Published: April 2024

Background

Infections by glucose‐nonfermenting gram‐negative bacilli (NFGNB) pose a major public health problem due to multiresistance to beta‐lactam antibiotics, especially plasmid‐borne carbapenemases. Their detection by microbiology laboratories is challenging, and there is a need for easy‐to‐use and reliable diagnostic techniques. Our objective was to evaluate an in‐house screening method to presumptively detect carbapenemases in NFGNB in a simple and clinically useful manner.

Methods

The study included 175 NFGNB isolates from urinary, respiratory, and rectal samples. In a triple assay, isolates were incubated at 37°C for 24 h on three solid‐culture media: MacConkey II Agar, 5% Sheep Blood Columbia Agar and Mueller Hinton II Agar; meropenem (MEM) and cefepime (FEP) disks were employed for screening. Studies were then performed on the inhibition halo diameter, scanning effects, and the appearance of mutant colonies, which were compared with those observed using the colorimetric Neo‐Rapid CARB Kit and immunochromatography (NG5‐Test Carba and K‐Set for OXA‐23). Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed for these data.

Results

Carbapenemases were expressed by 79/175 (45.1%): 19 Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 60 Acinetobacter baumannii. Optimal inhibition halo diameter cutoffs to detect this resistance on 5% sheep blood agar were as follows: 6 mm (MEM) and 6.5 mm (FEP) for P. aeruginosa (in the absence of scanning effects and mutations) and 10.5 mm (MEM) and 16 mm (FEP) for A. baumannii (even in the presence of scanning effects).

Conclusion

The combined utilization of MEM and FEP antibiotic disks in 5% sheep blood agar, measuring their inhibition haloes, offers an effective method to predict the presence of carbapenemases as resistance mechanism in P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii.
Immobilization of partially purified laccase on polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) microbeads and its application in biodegradation of catechol
Authors: Garg Kirti , Sehgal Rutika , Sharma Divya , Gupta Reena
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

One significant component of new, rapid economic development is the creation of biodegradable polymers. One of these biopolymers is polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). This biodegradable, thermoplastic and water‐insoluble storage polymer can be generated from sustainable carbon sources. PHA may be effectively used for treating wastewaters by immobilizing enzymes. For eliminating micropollutants along with many phenolic compounds, laccase is considered as a potential enzyme. Hence, it has been known to be highly effective for water purification procedures. However, adequate immobilization is required for laccase to perform efficient catalysis. The immobilization procedure increases laccase stability with respect to reusability, temperature, pH and storage, making it superior to free laccase.

RESULT

In the present study, laccase was partially purified from Beauveria pseudobassiana PHF4 by gel filtration chromatography and further immobilized on PHA microbeads. The crude extract displayed specific activity of 19.08 U mg−1 and PHA microbeads demonstrated immobilization efficiency of 77.44%. Characterization of PHA microbeads by scanning electron microscopy showed an increase in their size from 3–5 μm to 5–6 μm after the immobilization. Furthermore, catechol biodegradation by immobilized laccase was analyzed using UV–visible spectrophotometry (84.25% in 10 h), which was also confirmed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (83.65% in 24 h).

CONCLUSION

Iimmobilizing laccase on PHA microbeads can help to address the pollution and environmental damage that catechol and similar chemicals cause also in an ecofriendly manner. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
What Do Brokers Provide for Urban Slums?
Authors: Shami Mahvish
Published: April 2024

Rapid urbanisation in developing countries has often resulted in slums with minimal public goods provision, where the poor rely on clientelist networks to provide for their basic needs. Using household‐level data, this paper is the first to empirically document how political clientelism operates in Pakistani slums. It finds that urban brokers, unlike their rural counterparts, are unable to claim credit for public goods provision. Instead, they provide personalised and highly targeted services – such as dispute resolution and assistance with documentation. Moreover, unlike traditional clientelism, urban networks are found to be problem‐solving and welfare‐enhancing for slum dwellers.
Influence of autumn Kara Sea ice on the subsequent winter minimum temperature over the Northeast China
Authors: Han Tingting , Zhou Xin , Li Shangfeng , Zhou Botao
Published: April 2024

Many previous studies have examined the influence of Arctic sea ice on the weather/climate of the Northern Hemisphere. However, the precursor signals of Arctic sea ice regarding East Asian winter low temperatures, which are important for climate prediction, have received little attention. This study identified an out‐of‐phase relationship between the autumn sea ice area of the Kara Sea (SICK) and subsequent winter minimum temperature in Northeast China (NEC) during 1979–2019, that is, diminished SICK facilitates cooling anomalies at NEC. Further results showed that the Arctic Oscillation (AO) acts as a bridge in the linkage between the autumn SICK and minimum temperature in NEC. Diminished autumn SICK leads to a weakened polar vortex in both the troposphere and the stratosphere in the subsequent winter through vertical propagation of planetary waves, contributing to a negative phase of the AO. Accordingly, the SICK is followed by anomalous Rossby wave train that originates from Mediterranean Sea and propagates eastward to Northeast Asia. Thus, the SICK has substantially influences on the Mongolia cyclone and minimum temperature in NEC by modulation of the AO. Moreover, the shrinking SICK could lead to the upper‐level decelerated westerly anomalies at East Asia through altering the equator‐to‐pole temperature gradient and induce negative minimum temperature anomalies at NEC. The results of this study have importance regarding the prediction of low temperature anomalies over NEC.
Total phenolic and flavonoid content of P. armata honey and propolis produced in Bomet, Kisii and Maralal, Kenya
Authors: Kegode Timothy Mugodo , Mokaya Hosea O. , Kiatoko Nkoba
Published: April 2024

Background

Bee products are gaining interest in the field of research due to their biochemical and nutritive properties. Honey bee products have been researched extensively but little has been done in regards to stingless bees. There are many species of stingless bees including Plebeina armata, which are found in the Afrotropics. They are underground nesting and produce honey, propolis, wax, pollen and bee bread. These products are known to be rich in polyphenols that comprise of flavonoids and phenolic. In our study, we analysed colorimetrically the total flavonoid, phenolic content and radical scavenging activity of honey (n = 22) and propolis (n = 25) from Bomet, Kisii and Maralal in Kenya.

Results

Honey and propolis had total flavonoid content of 12.00–22.67 mg QE/100 g and 288.15–944.76 mg QE/100 g while total phenolic content was 87.01–239.93 mg GAE/100 g and 524.14–1225.01 mg GAE/100 g, respectively. In considerations to the regions, Maralal had the highest phenolic and flavanoid content followed by Bomet and Kisii was the least. The same trend was observed in the radical scavenging activity. Except for the total flavonoid content in honey, the difference was significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The polyphenol content of both honey and propolis of P. armata are equally affected by geographical location as a result of different vegetation. They are good source of antioxidants, which can be utilized in diet due to their radical scavenging properties.
Processing to improve the sustainability of chickpea as a functional food ingredient
Authors: Augustin Mary Ann , Chen Jia‐Ying , Ye Jian‐Hui
Published: April 2024

Chickpea is a field crop that is playing an emerging role in the provision of healthy and sustainable plant‐based value‐added ingredients for the food and nutraceutical industries. This article reviews the characteristics of chickpea (composition, health properties, and techno‐functionality) and chickpea grain that influence their use as whole foods or ingredients in formulated food. It covers the exploitation of traditional and emerging processes for the conversion of chickpea into value‐added differentiated food ingredients. The influence of processing on the composition, health‐promoting properties, and techno‐functionality of chickpea is discussed. Opportunities to tailor chickpea ingredients to facilitate their incorporation in traditional food applications and in the expanding plant‐based meat alternative and dairy alternative markets are highlighted. The review includes an assessment of the possible uses of by‐products of chickpea processing. Recommendations are provided for future research to build a sustainable industry using chickpea as a value‐added ingredient. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Planar Cell Polarity in the Multiciliated Epithelial Lining of the Mouse Eustachian Tube
Authors: Luo Wenwei , Fu Xiao , Huang Hongming , Wu Peina , Wang Yanmei , Liu Zhifeng , He Shiqi , Pang Limin , Ren Dongdong , Cui Yong
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling, essential for uniform alignment and directional beating of motile cilia, has been investigated in multiciliated epithelia. As a complex structure connecting the middle ear to the nasopharynx, the eustachian tube (ET) is important in the onset of ear–nose–throat diseases. However, PCP signaling, including the orientation that is important for ciliary motility and clearance function in the ET, has not been studied. We evaluated PCP in the ET epithelium.

Study Design

Morphometric examination of the mouse ET.

Methods

We performed electron microscopy to assess ciliary polarity in the mouse ET, along with immunohistochemical analysis of PCP protein localization in the ET epithelium.

Results

We discovered PCP in the ET epithelium. Motile cilia were aligned in the same direction in individual and neighboring cells; this alignment manifested as ciliary polarity in multiciliated cells. Additionally, PCP proteins were asymmetrically localized between adjacent cells in the plane of the ET.

Conclusions

The multiciliated ET epithelium exhibits polarization, suggesting novel structural features that may be critical for ET function.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 134:3795–3801, 2024
Carbon savings potential of virtual care in obstructive sleep apnea and otitis media with effusion
Authors: Heffernan Austin , Lalande Annie , Chadha Rashmi , MacNeill Andrea , Chadha Neil K.
Published: April 2024

Objective

To determine the carbon savings potential of incorporating virtual care into surgical care pathways for pediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea or otitis media with effusion.

Methods

Pediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea or otitis media with effusion were not enrolled, instead, a modeling cohort study design was used. This study utilized the British Columbia healthcare system and geography to model emissions. Care pathways were developed for pediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea or otitis media with effusion requiring care at a tertiary pediatric center. Home addresses were located at the geographical center of the two most populated municipalities within each of the 10 most populated regional districts in 2020. Virtual visits replaced up to three clinically equivalent in‐person visits. Emissions (kgCO2e) for transport and virtual visits were estimated. Population‐weighted means and descriptive statistics were calculated.

Results

Utilizing 1, 2, or 3 virtual visits in the obstructive sleep apnea care pathway yielded potential emissions savings of 19.9%, 39.9%, and 59.8% respectively. Integrating 1, 2, or 3 virtual visits into the otitis media with effusion care pathway produced potential emissions savings of 16.6%, 33.2%, and 49.7%, respectively. Integrating 3 virtual visits can save up to 2156.8 kgCO2e per patient.

Conclusions

Appropriately conducting up to 50% of clinical encounters virtually for children with obstructive sleep apnea or otitis media with effusion reduced theoretical carbon emissions. For a single child, emission savings could reach over 2150 kgCO2e.

Level of Evidence

Level 5.
Fabrication of Bioresorbable Barrier Membranes from Gelatin/Poly(4‐Hydroxybutyrate) (P4HB)
Authors: Yuan Shuaishuai , Chen Qi , Guo Manman , Xu Yongzhi , Wang Wanchun , Li Zhibo
Published: April 2024

Dental implant surgery is a procedure that replaces damaged or missing teeth with an artificial implant. During this procedure, guided bone regeneration (GBR) membranes are commonly used to inhibit the migration of epithelium and GBR at the surgical sites. Due to its biodegradability, good biocompatibility, and unique biological properties, gelatin (GT) is considered a suitable candidate for guiding periodontal tissue regeneration. However, GT‐based membranes come with limitations, such as poor mechanical strength and mismatched degradation rates. To confront this challenge, a series of GT/poly(4‐hydroxybutyrate) (P4HB) composite membranes are fabricated through electrospinning technology. The morphology, composition, wetting properties, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and in vivo biodegradability of the as‐prepared composite membranes are carefully characterized. The results demonstrate that all the membranes present excellent biocompatibility. Moreover, the in vivo degradation rate of the membranes can be manipulated by changing the ratio of GT and P4HB. The results indicate that the optimized GT/P4HB membranes with a high P4HB content (75%) may be suitable for periodontal tissue engineering because of their good mechanical properties and biodegradation rate compatible with tissue growth.
Corrosion behavior of two Cu‐based shape memory alloys in NaCl solution: An electrochemical study
Authors: Spotorno Roberto , Fracchia Elisa , Krancher Christian , Krieg Romina , Theiß Ralf , Dültgen Peter , Pezzana Francesco Marco , Gobber Federico Simone , Grande Marco Actis , Piccardo Paolo
Published: April 2024

The corrosion behavior of two different Cu–Al–Mn–Ni alloys, pseudoelastic and pseudoplastic, was studied in a 0.6 M sodium chloride aqueous solution by monitoring the open circuit potential for 100 h and characterizing the resulting corrosion products. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis detected three processes related to the electrochemical double layer, a passive film and a diffusive contribution associated with the dissolution/precipitation of corrosion products. Potentiodynamic scans revealed a cathodically controlled corrosion mechanism and the presence of active–passive behavior at anodic potentials for both alloys studied. Polarization of the samples at selected potentials in the anodic branch allowed the investigation of the reactions involved, highlighting an improved corrosion resistance of the pseudoelastic alloy. The corrosion rates of the pseudoelastic and pseudoplastic alloys, after 100 h of immersion, were determined to be 0.007 and 0.011 mmpy, respectively. The post‐experiment characterization was carried out by means of scanning electron microscopy, micro‐Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction, supporting the electrochemical results.
The effect of partial recrystallization on the corrosion resistance of EN AW6082 forged components evaluated with different tests
Authors: Cecchel Silvia , Gelfi Marcello , Cornacchia Giovanna
Published: April 2024

Structural automotive components are extensively made of aluminum alloy forgings, due to the elevate strength and low weight required. These products are frequently subjected to recrystallization. Recrystallization, often limited to surface or forging portions, is expected to reduce its tensile strength and corrosion resistance, but the literature is scarce on this subject. For a more comprehensive understanding, the present research studied the corrosion behavior of samples collected from EN AW 6082‐T6 forged components, designed to expose both recrystallized and not recrystallized surfaces to the corrosive environment. Several standardized corrosion tests (i.e., PV 1113, ISO 11846, and VW 96380) were applied to assess the most representative with respect to real field exposure. Tensile tests were performed in four different conditions, recrystallized and not recrystallized specimens in an as‐forged state or after corrosion. The recrystallization led to a reduction in tensile properties, but this gap was compensated by a higher corrosion resistance than the not recrystallized samples. Consequently, the mechanical properties became comparable after the corrosion test.
Corrosion and carburization of Ni3Al‐based superalloys in high‐temperature carbon dioxide
Authors: Zhang Hexin , Sun Yanwen , Zhao Yihan , Xie Youshui , Li Xiaopeng , Wang Yuqi , Zhao Chengzhi
Published: April 2024

To investigate the application of Ni3Al‐based superalloys in gas turbine cycle systems, this experiment exposed Ni3Al‐based superalloys to a 600°C/5 MPa environment with 99.995% pure CO2 gas. The corrosion and carburization behaviors and mechanisms were investigated in detail. The results reveal that with prolonged thermal exposure, the surface oxides of the samples tend to develop a continuous and homogeneous transition state alumina layer. This layer serves as a protective barrier, preventing the penetration and corrosion of external carbon‐containing and oxygen‐containing substances into the matrix. A small amount of carbon‐containing hazardous substances still penetrates the oxide layer or grain boundaries through highly diffusive pathways such as nanochannels, pores, and cracks, because the transition state of alumina is not completely dense. This leads to carbon deposition at the interface between the oxide layer and the matrix, where a mixture of alumina and amorphous carbon is formed at the interface.
First come, first served versus the draw: Perceived fairness in the new product purchase competition
Authors: Park Jihye , Kwon Hannah
Published: April 2024

Although new products are not inherently scarce, consumers often display competitive behavior, eagerly queuing up to be among the first to obtain them. To manage the distribution of such sought‐after items, retailers determine which consumers get the opportunity to make a purchase. The question of which selection method ensures fair treatment of individual customers and enhances purchase experiences for a new product remains unresolved. Results of three experiments revealed that those in an ordered selection discipline were likely to be more time‐sensitive and perceive it as fairer than those in the random selection discipline when purchasing a new product. The difference in perceived fairness between the ordered selection discipline and the random selection discipline was more substantial, when the new product was highly scarce, due to increased selection uncertainty. However, the reverse effect was found when consumers were not selected to purchase a new product. The ordered selection discipline was perceived as less fair than the random selection discipline. The findings provide valuable insights into how selection disciplines shape consumers' perceptions of fairness during the purchase of a new product.
Electrochemical Formation of Ionic Porous Organic Polymers Based on Viologen for Electrochromic Applications
Authors: Shao Mingfa , Dong Juncheng , Lv Xiaojing , Liu Chunyan , Xia Minao , Cui Jiankun , Tameev Alexey , Ouyang Mi , Zhang Cheng
Published: April 2024

The systematic study of two ionic porous organic polymers (iPOPs) based on viologens and their first applications in the electrochromic field are reported. The viologen‐based iPOPs are synthesized by electrochemical polymerization with cyano groups, providing a simple and controllable method for iPOPs that solves the film preparation problems common to viologens. After the characterization of these iPOPs, a detailed study of their electrochromic properties is conducted. The iPOP films based on viologens structure exhibit excellent electrochromic properties. In addition, the resulting iPOP films show high sensitivity to electrolyte ions of different sizes in the redox process. Electrochemical and electrochromic data of the iPOPs explain this phenomenon in detail. These results demonstrate that iPOPs of this type are ideal candidates as electrochromic materials due to their inherent porous structures and ion‐rich properties.
Synthesis And Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Gelatin‐Urea Delivery System for Biostimulation Purposes
Authors: de Carvalho Fernanda Veloso , Junior Fernando Gomes de Souza , Filho Sérgio Thode , Alberton Michele Debiasi , Barcellos Ivonete O. , Gomes Selma Ferreira Leite
Published: April 2024

In this study, the behavior of slow‐release urea capsules is investigated for bioremediation purposes. The urea capsules (u/PUA/HG) are produced by an emulsion system (O/W) containing a double coating of polyurea (internal) and gelatin hydrogel (external), using for both toluene‐2,4‐diisocyanate (TDI) as a reagent. The slow‐release system are characterized by Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy by ATR, optical microscopy, swelling index test (%), and urea release test (%). Eco‐toxicological studies are carried out to evaluate the toxicity of composites using germination (and root growth) of lettuce seeds. Also, preliminary study is conducted based on assessed of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa microbial behavior in the presence of composites. The characterization results indicate the effective coating of the urea granules. However, the FTIR analysis reveals an excess of unreacted TDI in the u/PUA/HG sample. Furthermore, there is an observed inhibition of both root growth and germination that corresponds to the quantity of the sample and TDI used. Notably, there is a notable 70% increase in microbial growth compared to the control group after 48 h. Upon concluding the urea release test spanning 144 h, a significant 43% reduction is observed for u/PUA/HG at 24°C. Additionally, there is a delay of 119 h in the total release time at 36°C, when compared to u/PUA. Collectively, the outcomes of this study strongly suggest the potential of u/PUA/HG as a bio‐stimulant, particularly in its effect on P. aeruginosa growth. These findings highlight its promising application as a bioremediator in the future.
A Data Mining Study of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures Utilization in Drug Delivery Nanosystems
Authors: Valladão Viviane Silva , da Silva Emerson Oliveira , Souza Fernando Gomes
Published: April 2024

The present investigation offers a thorough bibliometric exploration spotlighting the pivotal utilization of zinc oxide nanostructures, encompassing both zero‐dimensional (0D) nanoparticles and one‐dimensional (1D) nanostructures, within the realm of nanotechnology‐driven drug delivery systems. This analysis particularly illuminates the distinctive potential of these nanostructures in the cancer therapy context, not merely as carriers and deliverers of pharmaceutical agents, but as entities capable of selectively inducing apoptosis in cancer cells through the orchestrated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent research endeavors notably underscore the application prospects of ZnO nanostructures in domains like DNA cleavage, bioimaging, and agricultural defense mechanisms. Moreover, the study elucidates the pronounced enhancement in solubility and biocompatibility that these nanostructures bring about when harmoniously integrated into polymeric nanocomposites. Concomitantly, the involvement of polymers in this symbiotic system is unveiled, wherein they play a multifaceted role in dictating release selectivity, thereby facilitating targeted and efficacious interactions with tissues. Functionally engineered polymeric nanocomposites emerge as promising candidates for targeted delivery modalities in cancer treatment, demonstrating an affinity for specific cell receptors and exhibiting enhanced cellular uptake within the size range of 100–200 nm. The study unearths robust associations among pivotal research terminologies through an exhaustive analysis of Link Strength Between Items (LSBI), culminating in the presentation of a cogent map delineating the evolving trends and forthcoming trajectories in this dynamic domain. In summation, this all‐encompassing bibliometric inquiry serves as a poignant testament to the prodigious potential of zinc oxide nanostructures in the realm of forthcoming nanotechnology‐driven drug delivery paradigms.
Development, Characterization, and In‐Vitro Evaluation of Niosomal Transdermal Patch of Lamotrigine Drug
Authors: Sagare Abhay , Yadav Reenu , Gautam Vinod , Yadav Savita , Malviya Jitendra , Sawale Jyotiram
Published: April 2024

Niosomes are self‐assembled vesicular nanocarriers obtained by hydration of synthetic surfactants and appropriate amounts of cholesterol or other amphiphilic molecules. The transdermal route of drug administration ensures systemic delivery of drug by applying a drug formulation onto intact and healthy skin thus ensuring sustained drug release and bypass of first‐pass metabolism. Thus, the aim of the study is to develop antiepileptic drugs loaded niosomal transdermal patches an effective substitute for the existing maintenance therapies used for controlling epileptic seizures. In this study, transdermal patch formulation is prepared with optimized niosomal formulation and optimized PVA and PVP polymers, plasticizers, and penetration enhancers by solvent casting method. These patches are characterized for physico‐chemical parameters such as folding endurance, tensile strength, swelling ratio, percentage drug content, percentage moisture content, water vapor transmission ratio, and in‐vitro diffusion study.
Molecular Modeling and Spectroscopic Investigation of Tyramine and Its Monohydrate Cluster: A DFT Approach
Authors: Kushal M. , Yadav Tarun , Chakroborty S. , Vishwkarma A. K. , Pandey F. P. , Panda Amiya Ranjan , Khatarkar Kiran , Khatarkar Manohar , Chaudhary Shubham
Published: April 2024

This study has performed molecular modeling, vibrational dynamics, and thermodynamics of tyramine neurotransmitter and its monohydrate cluster in gas phase. All theoretical calculations for tyramine and its monohydrate cluster are performed at DFT/B3LYP/6‐31++G(d,p) level to optimize the electronic structures and calculation of vibrational frequencies. Most of the vibrational frequencies have been found in good agreement with the experimentally reported IR and Raman frequencies. However, some have been modified. The presence of water monomer decreased highest molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO–LUMO) energy gap of tyramine by 0.07 eV. Themodynamics calculations reveal that thermal energy and specific heats in both the tyramine and its monohydrate clusters are predominantly contributed by vibrational motions while entropy shows only 28% and 26% vibrational contribution in tyramine and its monohydrate cluster, respectively.
Compact filtering power divider for mm‐wave applications using integrated passive device technology
Authors: Seo Donghyuk , Jung Sunghun , Kim Young‐Joon
Published: April 2024

We present a compact, filtering power divider (FPD) using integrated passive device technology (IPD) for mm‐wave applications. Our proposed FPD design integrates quarter‐wavelength coupled‐resonator bandpass filters with a Wilkinson power divider, using size reduction techniques. Coupled coplanar waveguides provide excellent coupling while occupying a small area, and metal‐insulator‐metal capacitors offer the required λ/4 phase shift without length extension. The center frequency of the filtering power divider/combiner (FPD/C) is located at 30‐GHz. We demonstrate our FPD design by fabricating four prototypes with parameter variations. The insertion loss, fractional bandwidth, and size of the FPD/C designed in this study are from 2.56 to 3.3 dB, from 9.67% to 19.4%, and from 0.592 to 0.220‐mm2, respectively. In addition, the return loss of all models at the center frequency is 28.5 dB or more, and the isolation is 16.6 dB or more.
Wideband dual‐polarized rasorber design with genetic algorithm synthesis
Authors: Özkan Akın , Saka Birsen
Published: April 2024

In this letter, an 11 GHz centered wideband absorptive frequency selective surface (FSS) design is presented. The absorptive FSS is dual polarized, and it has wide transmission band and a wide absorption band at the lower frequency side of the transmission band. An octagon shape with parallel microstrips toward center connected with lumped element resistors at the edges is proposed for the resistive layer unit element. Also, a multilayer octagon patch and aperture resonator are proposed for the wideband bandpass layer. As an alternative design method, the unit element of resistive layer of absorptive FSS is synthesized by a genetic algorithm code successfully. Genetic algorithm synthesis provides straightforward synthesis process compared to conventional method. Designed absorptive FSS is manufactured and frequency response is measured with WR‐90 waveguide setup. The measurement result of 1 dB transmission bandwidth is between 9.43 and 12.50 GHz with a minimum insertion loss of 0.65 dB.
The mediating role of resilience between emotional intelligence and academic procrastination in nursing undergraduates: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhang Bo , Xiao Qigui , Gu Jingtao , Zhang Weifan , Lu Huapeng , Zhang Jiaoqiong , Lang Lan , Sun Yan , Ma Qingyong , Han Liang
Published: April 2024

Aim

To investigate the relationship among emotional intelligence (EI), resilience and academic procrastination (AP), and provide suggestions for the development of targeted intervention strategies and lowering of AP level of nursing undergraduates.

Design

A cross‐sectional study.

Methods

Three provincial universities offering nursing courses in China were investigated in this study. A convenience sample of 256 nursing undergraduates from May 2021 to September 2021 were recruited, with a response rate of 91.4%. Data were collected using face‐to‐face interviews. The survey tools included the General Information Questionnaire, Academic Procrastination Scale, Emotional Intelligence Scale and Resilience Scale. IBM SPSS v19.0 and Amos 22.0 were used for data analysis.

Results

The AP of sampled nursing undergraduates was at the middle level (54.4 ± 21.5). The AP of nursing undergraduates was negatively correlated with EI and resilience. Moreover, the analysis on the mediating role of resilience via structural equation model showed a good fit, with χ2/df = 2.34, RMSEA = 0.07, CFI = 0.99, GFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.98.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Examining the nexus between situational factors and job performance through the mediating role of work engagement and self‐efficacy
Authors: Zeb Ali , Gan Gerald Goh Guan , Wei Ong Jeen , Karim Rehmat
Published: April 2024

The situational perspectives theory of job performance is a fundamental aspect of organizational and managerial psychology. Consequently, there is growing interest in conducting additional research to assess situational factors and job performance through the theoretical frameworks of social learning and social exchange theories, which are seldom applied in these domains. The data has been collected from 365 employees working in Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL). It was found that supervisor support stimulates job performance. It is also deduced that self‐efficacy mediates the relationship while work engagement does not mediate the relationship between supervisor support and job performance. The situational perspectives theory of job performance provides a supportive framework for the development of PTCL employees. This work should be of interest in the area of situational factors and performance improvement. This study is one of the very few studies conducted to empirically assess the influence of situational factor on performance through the mediating role of work engagement and self‐efficacy.
Static and dynamic mechanical characterization and thermal analysis for multi‐ply structure of woven nettle (Girardinia diversifolia) reinforced poly(lactic acid) biocomposites
Authors: Nandi Parna , Das Dipayan
Published: April 2024

Poly(lactic acid) fiberwebs and multi‐ply assemblies of nettle woven reinforcement are used to develop a series of nettle/PLA biocomposites with different reinforcement orientations. The tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and thermal properties of the biocomposites are found to improve by piling nettle fabrics and are also found to depend strongly on the piling architecture and the test direction. It is possible to obtain a biocomposite with higher degrees of isotropy and enhanced mechanical properties by using cross‐ply laminates. The three‐layered woven fabric reinforced PLA biocomposite with a reinforcement orientation 0°/45°/90° shows the best results among all the biocomposites developed in this study. The tensile strength, Young's (tensile) modulus, flexural strength, impact strength, storage modulus, and loss modulus of the biocomposite are found as 55.25 MPa, 6.30 GPa, 85.83 MPa, 63.74 J/m2, 10.08 GPa, and 0.75 GPa, respectively. In this biocomposite, a fair adhesion between matrix and reinforcement is noticed, and this is justified by retardation of crack propagation as well as by substantial energy dissipation. The thermal stability of the biocomposite does not get effected much, but the percent crystallinity increases by 25.84%. The degradation kinetics and the activation energy of the biocomposite are determined through a differential fitting of Arrhenius model. The soil burial test reveals 15.06% of weight loss and 50.56% strength loss for this biocomposite just after 20 days of burial under soil.

Highlights

Multi‐ply architecture of woven fabric reinforcement in nettle/PLA biocomposites.

Nearly isotropic biocomposite through angle‐ply orientation of reinforcement.

Biocomposite with remarkable static and dynamic mechanical properties.

Augmented kinetic parameters through model fitting of Arrhenius equation.

Biocomposite with excellent thermo‐recyclability and biodegradability.
Mechanism of plasma chemistry in CO2 hydrogenation using a dielectric barrier discharge reactor
Authors: Zhang Xuming , Shan Yun , Sun Zhi , Pan Hua , Zhang Liancheng , Zhu Zuchao , Feng Fada , Han Jingyi , Li Kai
Published: April 2024

Plasma‐induced CO2 hydrogenation process has received much attention, while the related plasma chemistry has not been profoundly explored. Herein, electron‐induced and thermochemical effects on CO2 hydrogenation in a dielectric barrier discharge reactor were investigated. The temperatures for the discharge pattern transition for CO2/H2, CO2/H2/N2, CO2/H2/Ar, and CO2/H2/He mixtures were 623, 623, 600, and 600 K, respectively. CO2 conversion was controlled by electron‐induced reactions and was sensitive to discharge pattern and electron density but not electron energy. In contrast, product formation was governed by the thermo‐induced chemistry. These results are useful for a better understanding of plasma‐induced CO2 hydrogenation.
Breakeven yields for cultivated morel mushrooms (Morchella spp.) in the US North Central region
Authors: Lee Seo Woo , Swinton Scott M. , Bonito Gregory
Published: April 2024

Societal Impact Statement

Morels (Morchella spp.) are specialty mushrooms that fetch high prices from wild‐foraged or indoor grown suppliers. Outdoor cultivation could expand availability and diversify morel crops. Participatory research trials in the United States during 2021–2023 resulted in low, uneven yields. Cost accounting reveals that in 2023, a producer needed to achieve an average morel yield of 0.16 lb/ft of row to break even. This threshold was sensitive to prices and labor costs. While these findings are preliminary due to a small sample and experimental conditions, they establish baseline indicators for the yields needed for outdoor morel cultivation to break even financially.
Characterization of structural, biochemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic properties of the LSD1 inhibitor bomedemstat in preclinical models
Authors: Jasmine Sumer , Mandl Adel , Krueger Timothy E. G. , Dalrymple Susan L. , Antony Lizamma , Dias Jennifer , Celatka Cassandra A. , Tapper Amy E. , Kleppe Maria , Kanayama Mayuko , Jing Yuezhou , Speranzini Valentina , Wang Yuzhuo Z. , Luo Jun , Trock Bruce J. , Denmeade Samuel R. , Carducci Michael A. , Mattevi Andrea , Rienhoff Hugh Y. , Isaacs John T. , Brennen W. Nathaniel
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Lysine‐specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is emerging as a critical mediator of tumor progression in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is increasingly recognized as an adaptive mechanism of resistance in mCRPC patients failing androgen receptor axis‐targeted therapies. Safe and effective LSD1 inhibitors are necessary to determine antitumor response in prostate cancer models. For this reason, we characterize the LSD1 inhibitor bomedemstat to assess its clinical potential in NEPC as well as other mCRPC pathological subtypes.

Methods

Bomedemstat was characterized via crystallization, flavine adenine dinucleotide spectrophotometry, and enzyme kinetics. On‐target effects were assessed in relevant prostate cancer cell models by measuring proliferation and H3K4 methylation using western blot analysis. In vivo, pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles of bomedemstat are also described.

Results

Structural, biochemical, and PK/PD properties of bomedemstat, an irreversible, orally‐bioavailable inhibitor of LSD1 are reported. Our data demonstrate bomedemstat has >2500‐fold greater specificity for LSD1 over monoamine oxidase (MAO)‐A and ‐B. Bomedemstat also demonstrates activity against several models of advanced CRPC, including NEPC patient‐derived xenografts. Significant intra‐tumoral accumulation of orally‐administered bomedemstat is measured with micromolar levels achieved in vivo (1.2 ± 0.45 µM at the 7.5 mg/kg dose and 3.76 ± 0.43 µM at the 15 mg/kg dose). Daily oral dosing of bomedemstat at 40 mg/kg/day is well‐tolerated, with on‐target thrombocytopenia observed that is rapidly reversible following treatment cessation.

Conclusions

Bomedemstat provides enhanced specificity against LSD1, as revealed by structural and biochemical data. PK/PD data display an overall safety profile with manageable side effects resulting from LSD1 inhibition using bomedemstat in preclinical models. Altogether, our results support clinical testing of bomedemstat in the setting of mCRPC.
Wetting Properties of Black Silicon Layers Fabricated by Different Techniques
Authors: Ayvazyan Gagik , Hakhoyan Levon , Vardanyan Arman , Savin Hele , Liu Xiaolong
Published: April 2024

The wettability of black silicon (BSi) layers fabricated by reactive ion etching (RIE), metal‐assisted chemical etching (MACE), and laser‐induced etching (LIE) techniques is studied. The contact angles of wetting on the samples with deionized water and methylammonium iodide‐based perovskite solutions are determined. It is found that the element composition and the enlargement area factor of BSi layers have a significant effect on their wettability. When tested with water, the RIE and MACE BSi layers exhibit hydrophobic properties, while the LIE BSi layer demonstrates hydrophilic properties due to the SiOx‐rich surface structures. It is also shown that aging leads to a decrease in the water contact angle. Upon exposure to perovskite solution droplets, BSi layers become highly lyophilic. Based on the Wenzel and Cassie–Baxter models, the mechanisms responsible for the wetting states of the fabricated samples are identified. In the results obtained, valuable insights are provided into the potential of using these layers in tandem perovskite/silicon solar cells.
Neuroprotective and anti‐inflammatory effects of curcumin in Alzheimer's disease: Targeting neuroinflammation strategies
Authors: Azzini Elena , Peña‐Corona Sheila I. , Hernández‐Parra Héctor , Chandran Deepak , Saleena Lejaniya Abdul Kalam , Sawikr Yousef , Peluso Ilaria , Dhumal Sangram , Kumar Manoj , Leyva‐Gómez Gerardo , Martorell Miquel , Sharifi‐Rad Javad , Calina Daniela
Published: April 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid‐beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, leading to neuronal loss. Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound derived from Curcuma longa, has shown potential neuroprotective effects due to its anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This review aims to synthesize current preclinical data on the anti‐neuroinflammatory mechanisms of curcumin in the context of AD, addressing its pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and potential as a therapeutic adjunct. An exhaustive literature search was conducted, focusing on recent studies within the last 10 years related to curcumin's impact on neuroinflammation and its neuroprotective role in AD. The review methodology included sourcing articles from specialized databases using specific medical subject headings terms to ensure precision and relevance. Curcumin demonstrates significant neuroprotective properties by modulating neuroinflammatory pathways, scavenging reactive oxygen species, and inhibiting the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Despite its potential, challenges remain regarding its limited bioavailability and the scarcity of comprehensive human clinical trials. Curcumin emerges as a promising therapeutic adjunct in AD due to its multimodal neuroprotective benefits. However, further research is required to overcome challenges related to bioavailability and to establish effective dosing regimens in human subjects. Developing novel delivery systems and formulations may enhance curcumin's therapeutic potential in AD treatment.
Multiblock partial least squares and rank aggregation: Applications to detection of bacteriophages associated with antimicrobial resistance in the presence of potential confounding factors
Authors: Sarkar Shoumi , Anyaso‐Samuel Samuel , Qiu Peihua , Datta Somnath
Published: April 2024

Urban environments, characterized by bustling mass transit systems and high population density, host a complex web of microorganisms that impact microbial interactions. These urban microbiomes, influenced by diverse demographics and constant human movement, are vital for understanding microbial dynamics. We explore urban metagenomics, utilizing an extensive dataset from the Metagenomics & Metadesign of Subways & Urban Biomes (MetaSUB) consortium, and investigate antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns. In this pioneering research, we delve into the role of bacteriophages, or “phages”–viruses that prey on bacteria and can facilitate the exchange of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) through mechanisms like horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Despite their potential significance, existing literature lacks a consensus on their significance in ARG dissemination. We argue that they are an important consideration. We uncover that environmental variables, such as those on climate, demographics, and landscape, can obscure phage‐resistome relationships. We adjust for these potential confounders and clarify these relationships across specific and overall antibiotic classes with precision, identifying several key phages. Leveraging machine learning tools and validating findings through clinical literature, we uncover novel associations, adding valuable insights to our comprehension of AMR development.