bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED: Solutions to minimise waste formation at machine-building enterprises
Authors: Galkina Elena , Terehov Aleksandr , Nikitin Egor , Zhelnina Daria , Zachinyaeva Alexandra
Published: January 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 84, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248400001
RETRACTED: Discrete and analog evaluation of the capillary-pore space of foam concrete in eco-friendly production
Authors: Kulikov Vladimir
Published: January 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 84, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248400001
RETRACTED: Analysis of the efficiency of 300 kw grid-connected solar photovoltaic systems at Bukhara state university
Authors: Raxmatov Ilhom , Samiyev Kamoliddin , Mirzayev Mirfayz
Published: January 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 84, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248400001
RETRACTED: Vacuum fractal solar collector
Authors: Rustamov Nassim , Kibishov Adylkhan
Published: January 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 84, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248400001
RETRACTED: Design of a dual axis solar tracking system with strong wind protection system
Authors: Ergashev Sirozhiddin , Oshchepkova Elvira
Published: January 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 84, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248400001
RETRACTED: Numerical study of particle motion in a two-dimensional channel with complex geometry
Authors: Ibrokhimov Abdulfatto , Djumaev Khikmatilla , Artikova Bakhtigul , Abdukadirov Farkhod
Published: January 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 84, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248400001
RETRACTED: Effect of secondary material resources on quality indicators of fabric fabrics
Authors: Shumkarova Shamsiya , Rajapova Marguba , Ochilov Tulkin
Published: January 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 84, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248400001
A Comprehensive Review of Electric Vehicle Efficiency Enhancement Through Drive Cycle Optimization: Evaluating its Influence on Electric Range and Longevity
Authors: Alset Utkarsh , Chavan Datta , Pillewar Panchshila , Andhale Snehal
Published: January 2024

The best driving range for electric cars (EVs) is a major difficulty because this parameter is mostly determined by the amount of energy in the battery pack. However, it is crucial to understand that user behavior and particular driving habits have a significant impact on this range. The necessity for a reevaluation of typical drive cycles, which have grown increasingly out of step with changing customer needs, has been highlighted by recent controversy around the stated range statistics by EV manufacturers. Drive cycles must be modified in accordance with the major variances in driving behaviors across various vehicle segments. In addition, the driving cycle and patterns change across different demographic areas in varied countries like India, creating a special difficulty in the development of a new standard driving cycle that can accommodate a wide range of users. Real-world driving patterns must be taken into account in order to effectively anticipate an EV’s range and evaluate the durability and warranty of its battery pack. The careful selection of a very-specific driving-based realistic profile is therefore crucial for the environment surrounding electric vehicles. We explore the complex process of creating driving profiles particularly designed for electric vehicles in this in-depth review article. We examine the subtleties and traits of these profiles to offer light on their importance in the context of EVs. This assessment provides insightful information on how electric car technology is developing as well as the crucial part that driving styles will play in the development of sustainable transportation in the future.
Study of physico-chemical properties of biopolymers chitin-chitosan synthesized from poddle bees Apis Mellifera
Authors: Nurutdinova Feruza , Tuksanova Zebiniso , Rasulova Yulduz
Published: January 2024

The article presents the optimal method for the synthesis of chitin polymers - chitosan from dry dead bees. In the experiment, the first deproteinization process was carried out, which was carried out in two stages by treating crushed dead bees with 0.5 N sodium hydroxide solution for 1 hour at 100 0C using the chitinase enzyme. At the second stage, by treating dead bees with a 2 M hydrochloric acid solution for 5 hours at room temperature according to the Hackman method, a demineralization reaction was carried out and a chitin polymer was obtained. demineralization was carried out on the basis of 2-normal hydrochloric acid from dead bees. When chitin was deacetylated with a 35% NaOH aqueous solution for 1.5 hours at a temperature of 85 0C and dried at 50-55 0C, chitosan was obtained. Study of the physicochemical properties of chitosan. Methods for determining the molecular weight, viscosity, moisture content, degree of deacetylation, and nitrogen content in polymers are presented. When determining the constants, the optimal media were chosen.
Preparation of polycrotonic aldehyde
Authors: Oblokulov Shavkat
Published: January 2024

Croton aldehyde (2-butenal) is a reactive compound. NaOH and, in the second experiment, KOH were used to get polycrotonic aldehyde. The dependence of alkali concentration and amount of water on the yield of polymerization products was revealed. It was found that the got compounds are not homogeneous, differ in their solubility, composition and physicochemical properties.
Influence of the particle size on the absorption of sulfur compounds at filtration combustion of sulfurous coal with marble
Authors: Tsvetkova Yuliya , Kislov Vladimir , Salganskaya Marina , Podlesniy Dmitry , Salgansky Eugeny
Published: January 2024

A study of the influence of the particle size of sulfurous coal and marble on the degree of sulfur absorption during its gasification in the filtration combustion mode was carried out. It has been shown that to significantly increase the amount of absorbed sulfur, the size of absorbent particles must be reduced by five or more times.The influence of the particle size of sulfur-containing coal and marble on the degree of sulfur absorption during their gasification in the filtration combustion mode is studied. It is shown that to significantly increase the amount of absorbed sulfur, the absorber particle size must be reduced by five or more times.
Digital technologies and automation in breeding and agriculture
Authors: Zolkin A.L. , Matvienko E.V. , Shevchenko O.P. , Bityutskiy A.S. , Ozhiganov V.E.
Published: January 2024

The agricultural industry is one of the key industries that is related to material production. Large areas of fields, a huge fleet of vehicles, a large number of people employed in the industry, lead to the creation of innovative ways to manage the land resource base and production capacity in agriculture. After analyzing how digital solutions are used in the regional agricultural industry, it can be said that there is a need to carry out accelerated selection, use artificial intelligence, create new sources of raw materials, apply blockchain, unmanned aerial vehicles, the Internet of things, agroscouting, ERP systems, and train employees in the field of information technology for the agro-industrial complex. Agro-enterprises, where mechanization is at a fairly high level, suffer the greatest damage when they produce fruits and vegetables (about 57 percent), as well as root products (about 79 percent). In the production of cereals, the largest losses occur during processing (about 10 percent) and consumption (about 25 percent). In enterprises where mechanization is at an average level, the most problematic industry is livestock breeding with milk production where losses can reach 53 percent.
The evolution of infrastructure facilities for children: from clubs to quantoriums
Authors: Maltseva Irina , Kaganovich Natalia
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to the development of the concept of children’s technoparks - facilities for supplementary education, which first appeared in Russia in 2015 and were formed largely due to the country’s general purpose clubs and children’s clubs, Houses and Palaces of Pioneers, which included technical creativity centers and stations for young scientists of natural-science orientation. The problem considered in the article consists not only in the semantic and practical, but in the corresponding typological development vector for this direction; the innovative approach to the organization of architectural space; the formation of functional and formal structure of these centers. The main aspects of the development of a new model of community center for children and adolescents are scientific and practical, informational and educational, socio-cultural and communicative, as well as typological approaches to the organization of quantoriums. The system-module approach becomes the basis for the structural organization of a technopark: a set of primary planning elements-modules for work in the relevant areas of future research activity and vocational skills of the students. Examples from architectural practice are given, as an approbation the project of the Children’s Technopark in the city of Yekaterinburg is presented.
Design and deployment of a voice activated for intelligent robot
Authors: ali Mohammed Hasan , Kaittan Ali Sachit , Ibrahim Mayyada sahib
Published: January 2024

The development of smart robots has been advancing rapidly in recent years. One of the key areas of focus in this field has been the integration of voice command control, which enables users to interact with robots using natural language. By integrating voice recognition technology with advanced artificial intelligence algorithms, smart robots can perform a wide range of tasks, from simple household chores to complex industrial operations. Voice command control provides a more intuitive way to interact with smart robots, making them more accessible to users of all ages and skill levels. With voice recognition technology, users can easily give instructions to smart robots, which can then interpret and execute those commands. This approach has the potential to revolutionize the way we interact with machines, allowing us to leverage their advanced capabilities without requiring specialized training. Overall, smart robots based on voice command control represent a significant step forward in the development of intelligent machines. By enabling natural language interaction, they have the potential to transform the way we live and work, offering a new level of convenience and flexibility that was previously impossible.
Predicting of a person's position in trajectory tracking from a continuous video stream
Authors: Amosov Oleg , Amosova Svetlana
Published: January 2024

The paper proposes a method for predicting when a person enters a forbidden zone during his trajectory following a video stream, considering individual body parts. The authors used the PP-TinyPose PaddleHub neural network model with its implementation based on two deep neural networks to detect key points of the human body. The paper considers an example of human position prediction from a continuous video stream in indoor trajectory tracking. The authors predicted each key point in the coordinate space of the video stream using a recurrent deep neural network algorithm.
Assessing the negative impact of the it sector on the environment: a call for sustainable solutions
Authors: Timchenko Aleksandr , Kucheva Irina , Silakova Liubov
Published: January 2024

The article explores the negative impact of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector on the environment and offers recommendations to reduce this impact. The article highlights that while digital and environmental issues are major topics of public debate worldwide, they are rarely discussed together. The article uses a qualitative approach to assess the current impact of the ICT sector on the environment by reviewing relevant literature, analyzing data on the global impact of the sector, and considering measures to prevent the negative effects. The study reveals that while ICT can have positive effects on the environment, it also carries sources of threats, such as excessive consumption of resources for the production of devices, CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, changes in flora and fauna, and growing electronic waste. The article concludes by calling for manufacturers to use environmentally friendly materials and manufacturing processes to create products with high recycled content to reduce the environmental impact of the ICT sector.
Replication control strategy based on a simple game of life in opportunistic networks
Authors: Ayu Vittalis , Soelistijanto Bambang , Larasati Yasintha Putri
Published: January 2024

Although flooding-based message dissemination in opportunistic mobile networks yields high delivery performance, the nodes' resources, such as energy and buffer, are rapidly depleted due to the enormous quantity of message replicas dispersed over the networks. This study aims to reduce the number of message replicas in the networks while maintaining an acceptable delivery rate. Inspired by Conway's Game of Life, which uses cellular automaton-based neighbor conditions to regulate the total population, we propose RiGoL, a replication control-based technique for determining how many neighbors hold the same messages. We utilize a counter to keep track of the number of neighbors and two thresholds, namely forward and drop thresholds. Our strategy works as follows: when a pair of nodes meet, the node checks to see if the peer has the same message. The counter is increased by one if the peer does not hold the same message. On the other hand, if the peer already has the message, the counter is decremented by one. Only when the counter exceeds the forward threshold, then the message forwarded to another node. In contrast, the message is deleted from the node's buffer if the counter value is less than the drop threshold. We conduct extensive simulations using ONE Simulator to evaluate our proposed strategy. The simulation results show that although RiGoL yields higher latency than Epidemic, RiGoL successfully reduces the message replication in the network and prolongs the hub node's lifetime.
Design and implementation of 232.2 KWp rooftop on grid solar power plant
Authors: Sitepu Rasional , Joewono Andrew , Yuliati  , Angka Peter R. , Teja Brian , Pranjoto Hartono , Gunadhi Albert
Published: January 2024

The need for large amounts of electrical energy and the negative impact of carbon emissions have encouraged all countries to develop renewable energy sources and reduce fossil energy sources which produce a lot of carbon emissions. One promising source of renewable energy is solar energy, which can be converted into electricity through Solar Power Plants. The Indonesian government has committed to increasing the renewable energy mix by 57% by 2035 and reducing carbon emissions by 29 % by 2030. To support the Indonesian government's commitment, the Widya Mandala Foundation has built Solar Power Plants on all campuses of Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University. This article intends to communicate the design and implementation of a 232.2 KWp rooftop and on grid Solar Power Plant located on one of these campuses. The Solar Power Plant has been designed and implemented using 430 units of 540 Wp solar panels, 2 units of 110 KWac inverters. It would produce 363.5 MWh of electricity per year. Based on the implementation results, the following output was obtained: from May to December 2022, was generated 221.788 MWh of electricity and 88.7 ton of CO2 avoided. Then from January 2023 to May 2023, was produced 145,400 MWh of electricity and 58.2 ton of CO2 was avoided. The implementation of 232,2 KWp Solar Power Plant is a significant step toward environmentally friendly energy. It also contributes to carbon footprint reduction and support sustainable development goal.
Anticiper la pandémie de grippe aviaire
Authors: Hayes Brandon
Published: January 2024

La modélisation mathématique en épidémiologie comprend un ensemble d’outils capable de fournir des informations mesurables basées sur des données historiques ou en temps réel. Différents modèles sont utilisables et peuvent être grossièrement répartis en deux catégories : les modèles statistiques et les modèles mécanistes. La modélisation est un outil majeur pour aider les décideurs politiques dans le domaine de la santé publique. Dans le cas de l’influenza aviaire hautement pathogène, elle permet notamment de prédire les dynamiques d’évolution des épizooties et l’impact des différentes mesures, comme la réduction de la densité des élevages ou la mise en place de la vaccination des oiseaux.
Osteopathische Behandlung beidseitiger Steifheit der Vorderbeine bei
einem Hund – ein Fallbericht
Authors: Martin Jurado Olga
Published: January 2024

In diesem Fallbericht wird die Behandlung einer beidseitigen Muskelhypertonie an
den Vordergliedmaßen beschrieben, die durch eine zervikale
Wirbelfunktionsstörung verursacht wurde, welche auf das ständige
und anhaltende Ziehen des Hundes am Halsband zurückzuführen
war.
Zwischen den Jahren
Authors: Timmann Doris , Zohmann Andreas
Published: January 2024

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,

die Zeit „zwischen den Jahren" hat für viele von uns eine
einzigartige Bedeutung. Es ist eine Zeit, um innezuhalten und zu reflektieren,
während man gleichzeitig gespannt in die Zukunft blickt. Unterdessen schafft
sie auch Bewusstsein für das Gegenwärtige. Es ist eine Zeit in der
man sich besonders mit seinen Tieren verbunden fühlen kann – sei es
bei Spaziergängen oder während gemütlicher Stunden zu Hause.
Für viele ist es zudem – zwischen Glühweinduft und guten
Vorsätzen – die perfekte Zeit, um Wissen zu vertiefen und zu
erweitern.
Die Bedeutung der ersten Rippe beim Hund
Authors: Hohmann Mima
Published: January 2024

Bei einer Rippenblockierung ist es wichtig zu klären, ob die Blockierung
Ursache oder Folge der vorliegenden Erkrankung oder Symptome ist. Darum den Hund
von der Schnauze bis zur Rutenspitze untersuchen, alle Befunde sammeln,
auswerten und erst dann mit der Behandlung anfangen – ob
physiotherapeutisch, osteopathisch, homöopathisch oder mit Akupunktur.
Wie immer hängt alles mit allem zusammen und kann nicht gesondert
behandelt werden.
Visuelle Gangbildanalyse bei einem Maremmano – Wie lautet Ihr
Befund?
Authors: Zohmann Andreas , Zohmann-Sorger Lisa
Published: January 2024

Vorgestellt wurde ein Pastore Maremmano (abruzzischer Schäferhund),
männlich, 38 kg, 4 Jahre, zunehmende Probleme beim Aufstehen,
Einlaufen.
Chiropraxis – Eindrücke von der IVCA-Annual
Conference 2023
Authors: Timmann Doris
Published: January 2024

Vom 03. bis 05. November 2023 fand das jährliche Treffen und die damit
verbundene Jahreshauptversammlung der International Veterinary Chiropractic
Association (IVCA) in Portugal statt. Zu diesem Anlass reisten Mitglieder aus
vielen Teilen Europas, den USA und Kanada nach Albufeira an die Algarve, wobei
die Tagung auch für andere professionell interessierte Besucher offen
war.
Evaluating information asymmetry effects on hotel pricing: a comparative analysis before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Taiwan’s market
Authors: Wang Meng-Ying , Chou Li-Chen
Published: January 2024

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has imposed substantial impacts on the global hotel industry. This study employed a two-tier stochastic frontier model to investigate the dynamics of transaction information distribution within the tourist hotel lodging prices in Taiwan from July 2019 to November 2020. The primary objective was to analyze the disparities in price information between consumers and hoteliers before and after the outbreak of COVID-19. Empirical findings reveal a notable reduction in the divergence of lodging price information between consumers and hoteliers post the COVID-19 outbreak, particularly in metropolitan areas. The shift in consumer group structures within hotel operations induced by the pandemic has, in turn, exerted an influence on the pricing strategies adopted by hoteliers. The empirical results underscore that the outbreak of COVID-19 has contributed to a more transparent and comprehensive market price information environment, consequently diminishing the asymmetry in information between hoteliers and consumers.
Electromagnetic shielding using Anderson localization in nanoparticle–biopolymer composites
Authors: Salour Michael M. , Grote James G. , Kataria Gitansh , Chandra Mani , Sundararaman Ravishankar
Published: January 2024

Electromagnetic shielding is a critical function in various technologies, which is ideally achieved using a metal that reflects all incident radiation below its plasma frequency. Using high-resolution finite difference frequency domain simulations at microwave/RF frequencies, we show that the same efficacy can be achieved using a disordered collection of metal nanoparticles embedded in a flexible material. The mechanism underlying the reflection in the composite material is wave localization, disallowing the propagation of radiation up to the plasma frequency of the metal that constitutes the particles. We realize such a biopolymer composite using DNA–CTMA (deoxyribonucleic acid–cetyltrimethylammonium complex) as a support structure for Ag nanoparticles. This biopolymer composite exhibits an extremely high shielding effectiveness, close to that of a metal slab, because of Anderson localization of the electromagnetic waves.
Fourier phase index for extracting signatures of determinism and nonlinear features in time series
Authors: Aguilar-Hernández Alberto Isaac , Serrano-Solis David Michel , Ríos-Herrera Wady A. , Zapata-Berruecos José Fernando , Vilaclara Gloria , Martínez-Mekler Gustavo , Müller Markus F.
Published: January 2024

Detecting determinism and nonlinear properties from empirical time series is highly nontrivial. Traditionally, nonlinear time series analysis is based on an error-prone phase space reconstruction that is only applicable for stationary, largely noise-free data from a low-dimensional system and requires the nontrivial adjustment of various parameters. We present a data-driven index based on Fourier phases that detects determinism at a well-defined significance level, without using Fourier transform surrogate data. It extracts nonlinear features, is robust to noise, provides time-frequency resolution by a double running window approach, and potentially distinguishes regular and chaotic dynamics. We test this method on data derived from dynamical models as well as on real-world data, namely, intracranial recordings of an epileptic patient and a series of density related variations of sediments of a paleolake in Tlaxcala, Mexico.
Stretchable silicon array with stretchability at 66.1% ± 2.9% and silicon areal coverage of 71.5% enabled by wafer-level microfabrication strategy
Authors: Xu Han , Chen Lang , Zhang Meixuan , Jin Yufeng , Wang Wei
Published: January 2024

High-performance and massive manufacturing are the key objectives of stretchable electronics manufacturing technology. However, the limitations of the current manufacturing technologies in terms of silicon areal coverage and stretchability impose the tradeoff between high-performance and massive manufacturing. This work proposes a silicon wafer-level microfabrication strategy to fabricate stretchable silicon arrays, leveraging the parylene microelectromechanical systems compatible microfabrication capability and the established mechanical analytical models of the 3D micro-Kirigami structure. This wafer-level fabrication strategy yielded monolithic stretchable silicon arrays with high silicon areal coverage (71.5%) and high stretchability (66.1% ± 2.9%). The mechanical analytical models suggest the potential for simultaneously increased Si areal coverage and stretchability by leveraging miniaturization capability. This technique holds immense promise for high-performance stretchable arrayed devices with shape-adaptivity for complex or dynamic surfaces.
Two three-dimensional super-Gaussian wake models for hilly terrain
Authors: Dai Linsheng , Luo Zhumei , Guo Tao , Chao Haocheng , Dong Guanghe , Hu Zhikai
Published: January 2024

With the increase in wind farms in hilly terrain, it is particularly important to explore the downstream wake expansion of wind turbines in hilly terrains. This study established two complex terrain-applicable super-Gaussian wake models based on the Coanda effect and the wind speed-up phenomenon. Then, by considering the wind shear effect and the law of mass conservation, two three-dimensional (3D) super-Gaussian wake models were obtained. The 3D super-Gaussian models were used to describe the shape of the wake deficit and could reflect the wake changes in the full wake region. The introduction of the Coanda effect could reflect the sinking of the wind turbine wake on the top of a hilly terrain. And considering that the wind speed-up phenomenon could better reflect the incoming velocity distribution of the actual hilly terrain. The validation results demonstrated that the prediction results of the 3D super-Gaussian wake models had negligible relative errors compared to the measured data and could better describe the vertical and horizontal expansion changes of the downstream wake. The models established in this study can assist with the development of complex terrain models and super-Gaussian models, as well as providing guidance for power prediction and wind turbine control strategies in complex terrain.
Screech receptivity control using exit lip surface roughness for under-expanded jet noise reduction
Authors: Alapati Jaswanth K. K. , Srinivasan K.
Published: January 2024

This study presents an experimental investigation on altering the receptivity of the screech phenomenon toward the goal of jet noise reduction. The screech receptivity refers to the propensity to sustain the screech feedback loop through the reflection/scattering of feedback waves at the jet exit lip and their coupling with hydrodynamic instabilities near the jet exit. The receptivity is modified by attaching sandpapers of different roughnesses on the exit lip of pipes and nozzles. First, the pipe exit lip thickness is varied to determine variations in screech staging, frequency, and amplitude. As lip thickness varies, the screech mode staging varies with minimal changes in frequency, whereas screech amplitude depends on screech mode. The jet noise reduces as the lip surface roughness increases due to screech amplitude reduction or elimination because of the diffuse reflection of screech tone feedback waves by the lip surface. The coarse sandpaper on the exit lip eliminated the screech, while others reduced screech amplitude at high under-expansion levels. The coarse sandpaper reduced more than 50% of the maximum acoustic power observed with the plain lip at the corresponding under-expansion level. The surface roughness does not affect the screech tone at all the under-expansion levels or screech frequencies. The effect begins at a particular frequency (cutoff) and continues for frequencies lower than the cutoff frequency. The cutoff frequency increases with the lip surface roughness and varies with the lip thickness. By properly designing the surface roughness of the lip, the effect becomes a better passive technique for jet noise control.
Electronic spectra of jet-cooled 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene: Strength in π-electron conjugation and two large-amplitude torsional motions
Authors: Suzuki Ryoko , Chiba Kohei , Tanaka Sei’ichi , Okuyama Katsuhiko
Published: January 2024

To spectroscopically qualify strength in the π-electron conjugation, the electronic spectra of jet-cooled 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene (BPEB) in the region of the transition to the lowest excited singlet (S1) 1B1u state are measured by the fluorescence excitation and the single-vibronic-level dispersed fluorescence methods. Strength is defined as the difference in potential energies between the planar and perpendicular conformations. BPEB possesses two large-amplitude torsional motions, out-of-phase 24 and in-phase 29 modes. The most stable is the planar conformation, and barrier heights at the perpendicular conformation are coincident in torsional potentials for the two modes. Torsional levels are successively observed up to 19± and 16− quantum levels in the ground state, respectively. Strength is determined to be 293 cm−1 (3.51 kJmol−1) with an accuracy of an error range smaller than 1 cm−1. In the excited state, strength is estimated to be 1549 ± 73 cm−1. Combination levels of two torsional modes are also measured up to high quantum levels. A systematic decrease in frequencies is observed with increasing the quantum number. Quantum-chemistry calculations of B3LYP, CAM-B3PLYP, WB97XD, and M062X with basis sets of aug-cc-pVDZ are performed, where B3LYP theories are carried out with the dispersion correlation. The calculated strength is 1.1–2.1 times larger than observed.
Assessing r2SCAN meta-GGA functional for structural parameters, cohesive energy, mechanical modulus, and thermophysical properties of 3d, 4d, and 5d transition metals
Authors: Liu Haoliang , Bai Xue , Ning Jinliang , Hou Yuxuan , Song Zifeng , Ramasamy Akilan , Zhang Ruiqi , Li Yefei , Sun Jianwei , Xiao Bing
Published: January 2024

The recent development of accurate and efficient semilocal density functionals on the third rung of Jacob’s ladder of density functional theory, such as the revised regularized strongly constrained and appropriately normed (r2SCAN) density functional, could enable rapid and highly reliable prediction of the elasticity and temperature dependence of thermophysical parameters of refractory elements and their intermetallic compounds using the quasi-harmonic approximation (QHA). Here, we present a comparative evaluation of equilibrium cell volumes, cohesive energy, mechanical moduli, and thermophysical properties (Debye temperature and thermal expansion coefficient) for 22 transition metals using semilocal density functionals, including the local density approximation (LDA), Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) and PBEsol generalized gradient approximations (GGAs), and the r2SCAN meta-GGA. PBEsol and r2SCAN deliver the same level of accuracies for structural, mechanical, and thermophysical properties. PBE and r2SCAN perform better than LDA and PBEsol for calculating cohesive energies of transition metals. Among the tested density functionals, r2SCAN provides an overall well-balanced performance for reliably computing cell volumes, cohesive energies, mechanical properties, and thermophysical properties of various 3d, 4d, and 5d transition metals using QHA. Therefore, we recommend that r2SCAN could be employed as a workhorse method to evaluate thermophysical properties of transition metal compounds and alloys in high throughput workflows.
Evaluation of a membrane filter and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) product obtained from a prototype PRP kit that works through a new method for separating PRP based on cell dimensions
Authors: Jakfar Subhaini , Ningsih Diana Setya , Lin Tzu-Chieh , Chen Zhi-Yu , Lin Feng-Huei , Gani Basri A. , Syafriza Dharli , Kusuma Hendra
Published: January 2024

The harvesting of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) from whole blood based on cell density is a standard procedure that is currently applied to commercially available PRP kits. Leukocytes and erythrocytes, which are closer in density, contaminate a significant amount of PRP products, mostly commercial PRP kits. In this study, we tested membrane filters and PRP products from our prototype PRP kit. We did this by putting a membrane filter with pores of 2 μm in the middle of the tube, which is a new way to separate things based on the cell dimension method (CDM). The evaluations were performed for membrane filter use, hematology analysis, blood smears, viability and cytotoxicity assays, and fibrin structure by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Compared to the density method (DM), the CDM enables the elimination of a significant number of leukocytes and erythrocytes from the PRPs (CDM-PRP) and a significant increase in the number of platelets compared to the whole blood and DM-PRP. Furthermore, both DM-PRP and CDM-PRP increased the cell viability in L929 cells by adding them at 5% in the culture medium. In addition to CDM-PRP having the lowest cytotoxicity based on the LDH assay, the fibrin structure of CDM-PRP blood clots is characterized by thickness and firmness with a network structure. Thus, we believe that the PRP from the prototype PRP kit meets the requirements as a biomaterial for medical treatments.
Scaling of self-stimulated spin echoes
Authors: de Graaf S. E. , Jayaraman A. , Kubatkin S. E. , Danilov A. V. , Ranjan V.
Published: January 2024

Self-stimulated echoes have recently been reported in the high cooperativity and inhomogeneous coupling regime of spin ensembles with superconducting resonators. In this work, we study their relative amplitudes using echo-silencing made possible by a fast frequency tunable resonator. The highly anisotropic spin linewidth of Er3+ electron spins in the CaWO4 crystal also allows to study the dependence on spin-resonator ensemble cooperativity. It is demonstrated that self-stimulated echoes primarily result from a combination of two large control pulses and the echo preceding it.
Barriers and variable spacing enhance convective cooling and increase power output in solar PV plants
Authors: Stanislawski Brooke J. , Harman Todd , Cal Raúl Bayoán , Calaf Marc
Published: January 2024

When the temperature of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules rises, efficiency drops and module degradation accelerates. Thus, it is beneficial to reduce module operating temperatures. Previous studies of solar power plants have illustrated that incoming flow characteristics, turbulent mixing, and array geometry can strongly impact convective cooling, as measured by the convective heat transfer coefficient h. In the fields of heat transfer and plant canopy flow, previous work has shown that system-scale arrangement modifications—e.g., variable spacing, barriers, or windbreaks—can passively alter the flow, enhance turbulent mixing, and influence convection. However, researchers have not yet explored how variable spacing or barriers might enhance convective cooling in solar power plants. Here, high-resolution large-eddy simulations model the air flow and heat transfer through solar power plant arrangements modified with missing modules and barrier walls. We then perform a control volume analysis to evaluate the net heat flux and compute h, which quantifies the influence of these spatial modifications on convective cooling and, thus, module temperature and power output. Installing barrier walls yields the greatest improvements, increasing h by 3.4%, reducing module temperature by an estimated 2.5 °C, and boosting power output by an estimated 1.4% on average. These findings indicate that incorporating variable spacing or barrier-type elements into PV plant designs can reduce module temperature and, thus, improve PV performance and service life.
Hysteresis phenomenon of the sloshing-mode resonance in a moonpool induced by rolling motion excitations
Authors: Jiang Sheng-Chao , Bai Wei , Lu Lin
Published: January 2024

Sloshing-mode resonance in the moonpool induced by roll motion excitations is investigated numerically using the OpenFOAM® package. Nonlinear characteristics of the sloshing-mode resonance are the main focus of the present study. When the roll motion excitation has a time-invariant amplitude, a typical softening spring behavior can be observed in the variation of free surface amplitude against the excitation frequency, including the decreased resonant amplitude and the jump frequency. Furthermore, the dimensionless jump frequency is independent of the moonpool breadth and draft in this situation. The hysteresis phenomenon is clearly observed under the roll excitation with varying amplitudes, where the phase locked-in mechanism is the essential reason for this phenomenon. The hysteresis loop is located between two jump frequencies by the accelerating and decelerating excitations that generate the lower and upper branches, respectively. With the increase in moonpool breadth, the decreased upper branch frequency and unchanged lower branch frequency are observed, leading to the increased region of the hysteresis loop. The variation of the moonpool draft has an insignificant effect on the region of the hysteresis loop.
Coplanar waveguide ground potential imbalance as a source of useful signal in near-field scanning microwave microscopy
Authors: Gladilovich P. A. , Sabluk A. V. , Burtsev P. S. , Migdisov R. A. , Maleeva N. , Shitov S. V.
Published: January 2024

Various techniques are available in order to obtain information on samples of a different nature in near-field scanning microwave microscopy (NSMM), with transmission-line resonator (TLR) techniques considered the most advanced in terms of sensitivity and resolution. In this paper, we focus on the development of TLR-based NSMM supplied by a new source of useful signal: coplanar waveguide ground potential imbalance. Electromagnetic modeling of the device and experimental scanning of two planar structures are conducted to examine the performance of the proposed technique. Both modeling and experimental results demonstrate the ability to distinguish symmetric inhomogeneity positions with respect to the central conductor of the coplanar waveguide by the phase of the imbalance signal. The thin-film structure scanning procedure displays the possibility of the proposed approach to resolve low-contrast structures with an accuracy of up to 98.7%.
A simple and effective method for the removal of gamma white spots noise in fast neutron images
Authors: Yu Wangtao , Xu Peng , Bao Jie , Zhou Man
Published: January 2024

Fast neutron radiography technology has unique application advantages in the field of non-destructive testing. However, due to the interaction between the gamma rays and the charge-coupled device camera, a large amount of gamma white spots noise is attached to the fast neutron images, which affects the subsequent analysis. In this paper, we propose a simple and effective method to remove gamma white spots noise in fast neutron images. First, the image is down-sampled by the dilated down-sampling method to reduce the influence of noise. Then, the existence of gamma white spots noise is accurately identified by noise detection. Finally, the image is denoised using an improved median filtering method. In order to verify the performance of the proposed method, several commonly used noise reduction methods and the proposed method are used to conduct test experiments on both simulated and fast neutron images, and several image quality evaluation indices are used for quantitative assessment. The results show that the proposed method not only performs well in visual effects but also achieves satisfactory results in evaluation indices.
Charge-lattice coupling effects in organic isomeric charge transfer crystals
Authors: Zhao Xiaoning , Qin Wei
Published: January 2024

One of the most important features of organic cocrystals is the interaction between electrons and lattices, which brings interesting physical phenomena. In this work, we prepared two isomeric crystals in which the isomeric donors are used to fabricate charge transfer crystals. Isomeric crystals present different electron–lattice coupling strengths to further affect the charge localization, which leads to different dielectric constants and fluorescence lifetimes. Furthermore, external magnetic field and electric field exhibit different tunability on the photoluminescence and dielectric constants of the isomeric cocrystals due to the significant differences in the coupling between the charge and lattice vibration. Overall, through fabricating isomeric organic crystals, neighbor molecular vibration dependence of electron–lattice coupling is studied, which provides a platform to further understand the lattice vibration dependent spin and optics.
Role of a cyclopentadienyl ligand in a heteroleptic alkoxide precursor in atomic layer deposition
Authors: Yoon Hwi , Lee Yujin , Lee Ga Yeon , Seo Seunggi , Park Bo Keun , Chung Taek-Mo , Oh Il-Kwon , Kim Hyungjun
Published: January 2024

Alkoxide precursors have been highlighted for depositing carbon-free films, but their use in Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) often exhibits a non-saturated growth. This indicates no self-limiting growth due to the chain reaction of hydrolysis or ligand decomposition caused by β-hydride elimination. In the previous study, we demonstrated that self-limiting growth of ALD can be achieved using our newly developed precursor, hafnium cyclopentadienyl tris(N-ethoxy-2,2-dimethyl propanamido) [HfCp(edpa)3]. To elucidate the growth mechanism and the role of cyclopentadienyl (Cp) ligand in a heteroleptic alkoxide precursor, herein, we compare homoleptic and heteroleptic Hf precursors consisting of N-ethoxy-2,2-dimethyl propanamido (edpa) ligands with and without cyclopentadienyl ligand—hafnium tetrakis(N-ethoxy-2,2-dimethyl propanamido) [Hf(edpa)4] and HfCp(edpa)3. We also investigate the role of a Cp ligand in growth characteristics. By substituting an alkoxide ligand with a Cp ligand, we could modify the surface reaction during ALD, preventing undesired reactions. The last remaining edpa after Hf(edpa)4 adsorption can undergo a hydride elimination reaction, resulting in surface O–H generation. In contrast, Cp remains after the HfCp(edpa)3 adsorption. Accordingly, we observe proper ALD growth with self-limiting properties. Thus, a comparative study of different ligands of the precursors can provide critical clues to the design of alkoxide precursors for obtaining typical ALD growth with a saturation behavior.
Design of AlGaN-Zn(Si,Ge)N2 quantum wells for high-efficiency ultraviolet light emitters
Authors: Hu Chenxi , Kash Kathleen , Zhao Hongping
Published: January 2024

The effect of inserting a nm-scale layer of Zn(Si,Ge)N2 into an AlGaN quantum well structure designed for light emission in the wavelength range from 255 to 305 nm is investigated here. The enhanced confinement of the hole within the quantum well results in an enhancement of the overlap of the hole and electron wave functions, resulting in an enhancement of the radiative recombination rate. In this theoretical calculation, for emission at a 270 nm wavelength, the enhancement in the wavefunction overlap can reach a factor of 7 when compared to an AlGaN quantum well device specifically engineered for optimal emission at the identical wavelength. Increases of almost an order of magnitude in both the peak spontaneous emission intensity and the radiative recombination rate are predicted. The peak emission wavelength can be tuned from 255 to 305 nm by adjusting the width and/or the composition of the inserted layer. The proposed structures provide a route to higher efficiency ultraviolet practical light emitting diodes and lasers.
Highly efficient creation and detection of deeply bound molecules via invariant-based inverse engineering with feasible modified drivings
Authors: Zhang Jiahui
Published: January 2024

Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) and its variants, such as M-type chainwise-STIRAP, allow for efficiently transferring the populations in a multilevel system and have widely been used to prepare molecules in their rovibrational ground state. However, their transfer efficiencies are generally imperfect. The main obstacle is the presence of losses and the requirement to make the dynamics adiabatic. To this end, in the present paper, a new theoretical method is proposed for the efficient and robust creation and detection of deeply bound molecules in three-level Λ-type and five-level M-type systems via “Invariant-based shortcut-to-adiabaticity.” In the regime of large detunings, we first reduce the dynamics of three- and five-level molecular systems to those of effective two- and three-level counterparts. By doing so, the major molecular losses from the excited states can be well suppressed. Consequently, the effective two-level counterpart can be directly compatible with two different “Invariant-based Inverse Engineering” protocols; the results show that both protocols give a comparable performance and have a good experimental feasibility. For the effective three-level counterpart, by considering a relation among the four incident pulses, we show that this model can be further generalized to an effective Λ-type one with the simplest resonant coupling. This generalized model permits us to borrow the “Invariant-based Inverse Engineering” protocol from a standard three-level Λ-type system to a five-level M-type system. Numerical calculations show that the weakly bound molecules can be efficiently transferred to their deeply bound states without strong laser pulses, and the stability against parameter variations is well preserved. Finally, the detection of ultracold deeply bound molecules is discussed.
Mechanism of desorption hysteresis in coalbed methane: Insights from microscopic pore properties and adsorption theory
Authors: Chu Peng , Xie Heping , Li Cunbao , Liu Qingquan , Lu Zhuang , Lu Jun
Published: January 2024

Desorption hysteresis, a phenomenon frequently observed in coal–methane desorption experiments, holds significant implications for coalbed methane extraction due to its influence on the volume of methane involved in migration. Yet, the precise mechanism behind desorption hysteresis remains incompletely understood. This study endeavors to elucidate the underlying mechanism of desorption hysteresis by considering pore characteristics and applying adsorption theory. The pore morphology was assessed using the physisorption method, and ad/desorption isotherms were measured using high-pressure volumetric methods, with the desorption hysteresis index (DHI) utilized to quantify the degree of hysteresis. The results pointed to the pivotal role of micropores (<1.5 nm) in the occurrence of desorption hysteresis. Enhanced specific surface area and pore volume, in conjunction with a decrease in the fractal dimension Ds of micropores, were found to correspond to higher DHI values. Conversely, an increase in meso/macropores (>1.5 nm) corresponded to reduced DHI. The Frenkel–Halsey–Hill fractal dimension showed no substantial correlation with DHI. In light of these findings, it is concluded that micropores, acting as gas entrapment spaces, primarily govern desorption hysteresis, while meso/macropores serve as migration pathways with lesser influence. Micropores exhibit robust adsorption capacity, leading methane molecules to preferentially occupy these spaces. However, during desorption, insufficient potential energy impedes the release of methane molecules from the coal surface, causing desorption hysteresis. These insights offer a fresh perspective on understanding the mechanism of desorption hysteresis in coal, which may prove valuable in optimizing methane extraction.