bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REVASCULARIZATION WITHOUT DES: A CASE REPORT ABOUT METALLIC–LESS REVASCULARIZATION TECHNIQUES
Authors: Maisenti S , Facci G , Rubino F , Agbariah A , Armani I , Fezzi S , Tavella D , Ferrero V , Ribichini F
Published: May 2024

Rational

56 years old patient, admitted to our service for myocardial infarction without ST elevation. In medical history he had dyslipidaemia, hypertension and familiarity for cardiovascular disease, without previous cardiological problems. The patient went to the ER for chest pain, started after his work shift. When admitted to the ER, the patient was still symptomatic for chest pain, with resolution after 3 hours after somministration of analgesics, with normal pressure and heart rate. An ECG was performed, without relevant findings, at the blood exams significative movement of cardiac troponins. At the echocardiogram apical hypokinesia of left ventricle with preserved ejection fraction.

Technical Resolution

Coronarography was performed, with evidence of severe diffuse atheromatic disease of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) at the proximal segment and sub–occlusive stenosis at the middle segment. Due to the diffuseness of the atherosclerotic disease on the LAD, which would have required a complete stenting of the artery, which using classical Drug Eluted Stents would have led to a complete metallization of the artery, in such a young patient who does not have medical history suggesting a progression of the atheromatic disease, metallic–less techniques were chosen. The two lesions were pre–dilatated with a non–compliant (NC) balloon. The proximal lesion was treated with a bioresorbable scaffold (BVS) Magmaris 3x25 mm, post–dilatated with a NC balloon, without complications. The distal segment was treated with a Drug Eluting Balloon (DEB) Pantera Lux 2.5x20 mm, expanded for 90 seconds, with evidence of focal dissection, not flow limiting.At the clinical follow–up performed at one and three months, the patient was asymptomatic for angina, without any cardiovascular event.

Clinical Implications

When facing coronaropathy in a young patient, it is a good option to treat the coronary with techniques that do not leave metallic material in the arteries, which exposes young patients to a higher rate of complications if compared to older patients. When it is preferred to use this kind of techniques, the options can be DEB or BVS. As seen in this case report, often the DEB can lead to complications. It’s well–known that every DEB complication needs a DES to fix it. However, little is proven and studied about the use of BVS on de–novo lesions and on coronary injuries as complications of “conventional” PCI, as well as those derived from DEB delivery.
A CASE OF CHRONIC PERICARDITIS IN A YOUNG PATIENT
Authors: Perfetti S , Zaccaro S , Pedio E , Citarelli G , Greco G , Mandunzio D , Caldarola P
Published: May 2024

A 25–year–old woman was admitted to our department with a diagnosis of pericarditis and pericardial effusion. She reported a flu episode 5 months earlier followed by persistent dry cough, dyspnoea on exertion and palpitations. Due to the persistence of symptoms, she consulted a cardiologist and it was observed a mild to moderate pericardial effusion with a raised C reactive protein at lab test. At first she was treated with ibuprofen and colchicine. After 2 months, prednisone was added to the therapy for effusion worsening. During steroids descalation she started complaining of night fever. Few weeks later an echocardiogram revealed increased pericardial effusion (21 mm) with signs of right atrial compression, so she was admitted to our department. No cardiovascular risk factors were reported but overweight and smoking habit. ECG at admission showed a slight depression of PR in inferior leads. Given the history, persistence of elevated inflammatory markers and fever on admission, despite prolonged therapy with NSAIDs, the patient was treated for high–risk pericarditis, with ibuprofen and colchicine. In addition, aetiological research was pursued: autoantibody and viral panel were negative; chest X–ray showed mediastinal enlargement and swelling in the right hilar region. So an urgent chest CT scan was performed and it showed a 8x9 cm mediastinal mass extending to the pectoral muscles and sternum. The mass biopsy revealed a classical Hodgkin lymphoma so she was transferred to Hematology department and chemotherapy was started. During her hospital stay, the effusion remained stable (17 mm). This clinical case demonstrates that pericarditis, even in a young patient, with a lack of response to NSAIDs therapy and with an unremitting course, must raise the suspicion of an occult cancer. In fact, according to the latest guidelines, in case of high–risk pericarditis, i.e. in the presence of at least one negative prognostic predictor between fever higher than 38°C, subacute onset, severe pericardial effusion, tamponade or failure of medical therapy after one week, aetiological research is indicated, in addition to hospitalization. It shouldn‘t be forgotten that pericarditis may be the first manifestation of an occult extracardiac tumor. In particular, the primary tumors associated with pericarditis are breast cancer, lung cancer and lymphomas. Probably better case management would have allowed an earlier diagnosis and treatment of our patient‘s cancer.
A BIZZARE ECG
Authors: Matteucci A , Ujka K
Published: May 2024

Electrocardiographic artifacts are common and may interfere with interpretation. We describe a clinical case where a limb lead electrode was placed near the pulsation of the radial artery, which created an artery pulse tapping artifact also called Aslanger‘s sign or electromechanical association. This is a very unique physiological type of electrocardiogram (ECG) artifact generated by the movement of the electrode placed near the pulsatile artery, particularly in hyperdynamic state such as hyperthyroidism, severe anemia, liver cirrhosis and arteriovenous fistula, including dialysis fistula of end–stage renal disease. These kind of artifacts may imitate primary repolarization changes characteristic for acute coronary syndrome, arrhythmias or electrolyte abnormalities; thus, they have the potential to trigger unnecessary tests. Careful inspection of the ECG in Fig.1 revealed that the coupling interval of the QRS complex and the artifact is identical, which signifies that the artifact is synchronous with cardiac cycle. In the given ECG, bizarre changes were seen in all limb leads except lead III, suggesting that the artifact arose from right arm limb electrode. The repeat ECG in Fig.2 was taken such that the electrode was not directly on the pulse, showed disappearance of the artifact. When ecountering unexpected electrocardiographic findings, inspection of the ECG and lead placement may identify the cause. Recognizing such intimidating ECG artifacts is very important to avoid unnecessary interventions in a benign condition.
Ongoing introgression of a secondary sexual plumage trait in a stable avian hybrid zone
Authors: Long Kira M , Rivera-Colón Angel G , Bennett Kevin F P , Catchen Julian M , Braun Michael J , Brawn Jeffrey D
Published: May 2024

Hybrid zones are dynamic systems where natural selection, sexual selection, and other evolutionary forces can act on reshuffled combinations of distinct genomes. The movement of hybrid zones, individual traits, or both are of particular interest for understanding the interplay between selective processes. In a hybrid zone involving two lek-breeding birds, secondary sexual plumage traits of Manacus vitellinus, including bright yellow collar and olive belly color, have introgressed ~50 km asymmetrically across the genomic center of the zone into populations more genetically similar to Manacus candei. Males with yellow collars are preferred by females and are more aggressive than parental M. candei, suggesting that sexual selection was responsible for the introgression of male traits. We assessed the spatial and temporal dynamics of this hybrid zone using historical (1989–1994) and contemporary (2017–2020) transect samples to survey both morphological and genetic variation. Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data and several male phenotypic traits show that the genomic center of the zone has remained spatially stable, whereas the olive belly color of male M. vitellinus has continued to introgress over this time period. Our data suggest that sexual selection can continue to shape phenotypes dynamically, independent of a stable genomic transition between species.
Deep basin conductor characterization using machine learning-assisted magnetotelluric Bayesian inversion in the SW Barents Sea
Authors: Corseri Romain , Seillé Hoël , Faleide Jan Inge , Planke Sverre , Senger Kim , Abdelmalak Mohamed Mansour , Gelius Leiv Jacob , Mohn Geoffroy , Visser Gerhard
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we use a new workflow to substantiate the characterization of a prominent, deep sediment conductor in the hyperextended Bjørnøya Basin (SW Barents Sea) previously identified in smooth resistivity models from 3-D deterministic inversion of magnetotelluric data. In low-dimensionality environments like layered sedimentary basin, 1-D Bayesian inversion can be advantageous for a thorough exploration of the solution space, but the violation of the 1-D assumption has to be efficiently handled. The primary geological objectives of this work is therefore preceded by a secondary task: the application of a new machine learning approach for handling the 1-D violation assumption for 21 MT field stations in the Barents Sea. We find that a decision tree can adequately learn the relationship between MT dimensionality parameters and the 1-D–3-D residual response for a training set of synthetic models, mimicking typical resistivity structures of the SW Barents Sea. The machine learning model is then used to predict the dimensionality compensation error for MT signal periods ranging of 1–3000 s for 21 receivers located over the Bjørnøya Basin and Veslemøy High. After running 1-D Bayesian inversion, we generated a posterior resistivity distribution for an ensemble of 6000 1-D models fitting the compensated MT data for each 21 field stations. The proportion of 1-D models showing ρ < 1 Ω·m is consistently beyond 80 per cent and systemically reaches a maximum of 100 per cent in the Early Aptian–Albian interval in the Bjørnøya Basin. In hyperextended basins of the SW Barents Sea, the dimensionality compensation workflow has permitted to refine the characterization of the deep basin conductor by leveraging the increased vertical resolution and optimal used of MT data. In comparison, the smooth 3-D deterministic models only poorly constrained depth and lateral extent of the basin anomaly. The highest probability of finding ρ < 1 Ω·m is robustly assigned to the syn-tectonic Early Aptian–Albian marine shales, now buried at 6–8 km depth. Based on a theoretical two phase fluid-rock model, we show that the pore fluid of these marine shales must have a higher salinity than seawater to explain the anomaly ρ < 1 Ω·m. Therefore, the primary pore fluid underwent mixing with a secondary brine during rifting. Using analogue rift systems in palaeomargins, we argue that two possible secondary brine reservoir may contribute to deep saline fluid circulation in the hyperextended basin: (1) Permian salt-derived fluid and, (2) mantle-reacted fluid from serpentinization.
Noise source localization using deep learning
Authors: Zhou Jie , Mi Binbin , Xia Jianghai , Zhang Hao , Liu Ya , Chen Xinhua , Guan Bo , Hong Yu , Ma Yulong
Published: May 2024

Ambient noise source localization is of great significance for estimating seismic noise source distribution, understanding source mechanisms and imaging subsurface structures. The commonly used methods for source localization, such as the matched field processing and the full-waveform inversion, are time-consuming and not applicable for time-lapse monitoring of the noise source distribution. We propose an efficient alternative of using deep learning for noise source localization. In the neural network, the input data are noise cross-correlation functions and the output are matrices containing the information of noise source distribution. It is assumed that the subsurface structure is a horizontally layered earth model and the model parameters are known. A wavefield superposition method is used to efficiently simulate ambient noise data with quantities of local noise sources labelled as training data sets. We use a weighted binary cross-entropy loss function to address the prediction inaccuracy caused by a sparse label matrix during training. The proposed deep learning framework is validated by synthetic tests and two field data examples. The successful applications to locate an anthropogenic noise source and a carbon dioxide degassing area demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed deep learning method for noise source localization, which has great potential for monitoring the changes of the noise source distribution in a survey area.
Morphology of the native ascending aorta after the Norwood procedure for aortic atresia: impact on survival and right ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Schaeffer Thibault , Heinisch Paul Philipp , Staehler Helena , Georgiev Stanimir , Röhlig Christoph , Hager Alfred , Ewert Peter , Hörer Jürgen , Ono Masamichi
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVES

Our goal was to evaluate the impact of variable morphology of the native ascending aorta after the Norwood I procedure in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome/aortic atresia on long-term survival and systemic right ventricular dysfunction.

METHODS

Of 151 survivors of the Norwood procedure for hypoplastic left heart syndrome/aortic atresia at our institution between January 2001 and December 2020, we included patients with available and measurable aortograms prior to stage II palliation. The diameter of the native ascending aorta, the length of the native ascending aorta and the angle between the native ascending aorta and the proximal pulmonary artery were measured. We investigated the impact of these morphologic parameters on mortality and on right ventricular dysfunction (defined as at least moderate).

RESULTS

Angiograms were available for 78 patients. The median diameter of the native ascending aorta was 3.2 mm (2.6–3.7), the median length of the native ascending aorta was 15.4 mm (13.3–17.9) and the median angle between the native ascending aorta and the proximal pulmonary artery was 44° (35°–51°). During the median follow-up of 6.5 years, 8 (10%) patients died and systemic right ventricular dysfunction occurred in 19 patients (24%). No significant association between aortic morphology and mortality could be detected. Right ventricular function was negatively affected by a larger angle between the native ascending aorta and the proximal pulmonary artery [odds ratio 1.07 (1.01–1.14), P = 0.02].

CONCLUSIONS

In survivors of the Norwood procedure for hypoplastic left heart syndrome/aortic atresia with available angiograms, no significant association between native aortic morphology and mortality could be demonstrated after stage II palliation, within the scope of this limited study. A larger anastomosis angle between the native ascending aorta and the proximal pulmonary artery emerged as a risk factor for right ventricular dysfunction.
Multi-level and cross-domain search engine based on graph convolutional neural network
Authors: Li Qiang , Zhuang Li , Wang Qiulin , Zhang Xiaodong , Chen Jianghai
Published: May 2024

With the advent of the information age, there is a growing demand for multi-level cross-domain information retrieval by users. However, current technological solutions have not yet overcome the dilemma of automatic adjustment of search scope in cross-domain retrieval. This article proposes a multi-level cross-domain retrieval engine based on graph convolutional neural networks (GCNs). GCN can effectively capture the complex semantic structures in documents, excavate the potential dynamic context of documents by learning the relationships between nodes in the graph structure, adapt to cross-domain retrieval, extract semantic information from different levels and automatically adjust the search scope. To verify the effectiveness of the method, experiments were conducted on the NQ320k dataset and compared with SEAL, BM25, Transformer and Bert models. The results show that the cross-domain retrieval engine based on GCN has significant advantages over other methods, with Recall@100 reaching 97.44%, MRR@100 reaching 76.12% and R-Precision reaching 78.84%. In the future, the performance and applicability of the retrieval engine can be further improved by optimizing the model structure and expanding the training dataset.
Refining the CRiSPHe (checklist for reporting research using a simulated patient methodology in Health): a Delphi study
Authors: Park Joon Soo , Page Amy , Clifford Rhonda , Bond Christine , Seubert Liza
Published: May 2024

Objectives

A recent applicability study highlighted the need for the existing checklist for reporting research using a simulated patient methodology (CRiSP) to be clearer and user-friendly. The aim of this study was to update the checklist to address these concerns.

Methods

A fourth round of the Delphi consensus study, used in the original checklist development work, was conducted. Previous participants, who had expertise in SP methodology, were invited to complete a questionnaire including a list of 13 checklist items developed in the previous study and revised following applicability testing. Closed questions were analysed for frequency. Consensus was predefined as >80% agreement. All items were discussed in a roundtable meeting and further modified as necessary. Responses to open questions were content analysed.

Key findings

Twenty-one authors participated. There was a statistical consensus in 12 out of 13 modified checklist items.

Conclusions

A final reporting checklist for studies in health research using SP methodology has been developed using a consensus approach. Further refinements may be needed to increase the generalizability of the checklist in different contexts.
Positioning among International Organizations: Shifting Centers of Gravity in Global Health Governance
Authors: Holzscheiter Anna , Bahr Thurid , Pantzerhielm Laura , Grandjean Martin
Published: May 2024

In this paper, regime complexes are conceptualized as dynamic networks constituted by relations between international organizations (IOs). We introduce “IO positioning” as a conceptual lens for studying patterns and shifts in IO networks resulting from negotiations between IOs over their distinctiveness and social membership in complex organizational fields. We suggest that IO positioning has two constitutive effects. First, on the level of individual IOs, positioning affects IO identities within the field as these are (re)negotiated in relations with other organizations. Secondly, the positioning practices of IOs have constitutive effects on the contours of entire policy fields too; they form and shift the boundaries of regime complexes. Empirically, the paper examines the utility of our approach by analyzing the history, dynamics, and positioning effects of interorganizational relations between eight IOs in global health governance—an area of international cooperation that is commonly portrayed as exceptionally fragmented, complex, and densely populated. Examining relations between our eight IOs, we provide network analytical longitudinal data of in- and out-reporting by IOs derived from IOs’ annual reports between 1970 and 2017. We triangulate our network analysis with data derived from semi-structured interviews with health IO professionals.
Towards a Research Agenda for Geopolitical Tensions in HCI
Authors: Abdelnour Nocera José , Clemmensen Torkil , van Biljon Judy , Kroeze Jan H , Qin Xiangang , Parra-Agudelo Leonardo
Published: May 2024

There are major geopolitical challenges for human-computer interaction (HCI): there may be little or no global HCI knowledge with a shared approach and identity; Western HCI theory and methods may not be adequate for regional or local models of education and practice; and the global organization of HCI research communities may be biased. This article explores geopolitical tensions in HCI research and practice fields. In particular, it offers an action-oriented framework to support systematic analysis and comparison of what HCI, as a field of knowledge and practice, is in different geopolitical contexts. We use activity theory combined with the knowledge mobilization framework to develop an actionable comparative analysis framework of geopolitical HCI challenges. The proposed framework is demonstrated by using it to analyse geopolitical HCI tensions in three case studies: the first one is focused on cultural and ideological issues surrounding the introduction of global HCI curricula in South Africa; the second one documents how local design practices in China are undermined by foreign narratives of the value of global HCI knowledge; and the third one offers an account of how global HCI could stimulate subversive local action in Colombia. The discussion takes up HCI tensions within and across countries, proposes a research agenda for geopolitical HCI research and presents theoretical contributions to activity theory and knowledge mobilization approaches. The conclusion answers research questions derived from the above challenges and summarizes how our framework and research agenda can be used to identify and assess geopolitical tensions in HCI ensuring diversity and pluralism in the field.
Enantiomeric profile of amphetamines in seized drug samples and in blood of impaired drivers in Iceland: The rise of (R)-methamphetamine?
Authors: Bauer Adam E , Jakobsdottir Margret R , Olafsdottir Kristin
Published: May 2024

Amphetamine (AMP) and methamphetamine (METH) use is increasing globally. Illegal AMP is generally a racemic mixture, whereas AMP-containing attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder drugs prescribed in Iceland consist of S-AMP. AMP is also a main metabolite of interest after METH intake. Distinguishing between legal and illegal AMP intake is vital in forensic toxicology. A chiral UPLC–MS-MS method was used to determine the enantiomeric profile of AMP and METH in circulation in Iceland by analysing blood samples from drivers suspected of driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) and seized drug samples from 2021 and 2022. All seized AMP samples (n = 48) were racemic, whereas all but one seized METH sample (n = 26) were enantiopure. Surprisingly, a large portion of the enantiopure METH samples was R-METH. DUID blood samples positive for AMP (n = 564) had a median blood concentration of 180 ng/mL (range 20–2770 ng/mL) and a median enantiomeric fraction (EFR) of 0.54 (range 0–0.73), whereas samples positive for METH (n = 236) had a median blood concentration of 185 ng/mL (range 20–2300 ng/mL) and a median EFR of 0.23 (range 0–1). The findings of this study show a significantly lower blood concentration in drivers with only S-AMP detected compared with when the R-isomer is also detected. No significant difference in blood concentration was detected between the sample groups containing S-METH, R-METH or both enantiomers. The occurrence of R-METH in both seized drug samples and DUID cases indicates a change in drug supply and a need for better scientific knowledge on R-METH abuse.
Comparative effectiveness of denosumab vs alendronate among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis
Authors: Curtis Jeffrey R , Arora Tarun , Liu Ye , Lin Tzu-Chieh , Spangler Leslie , Brunetti Vanessa C , Stad Robert Kees , McDermott Michele , Bradbury Brian D , Kim Min
Published: May 2024

Although clinical trials have shown that denosumab significantly increases bone mineral density at key skeletal sites more than oral bisphosphonates, evidence is lacking from head-to-head randomized trials evaluating fracture outcomes. This retrospective cohort study uses administrative claims data from Medicare fee-for service beneficiaries to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of denosumab vs alendronate in reducing fracture risk among women with PMO in the US. Women with PMO ≥ 66 yr of age with no prior history of osteoporosis treatment, who initiated denosumab (n = 89 115) or alendronate (n = 389 536) from 2012 to 2018, were followed from treatment initiation until the first of a specific fracture outcome, treatment discontinuation or switch, end of study (December 31, 2019), or other censoring criteria. A doubly robust inverse-probability of treatment and censoring weighted function was used to estimate the risk ratio associated with the use of denosumab compared with alendronate for hip, nonvertebral (NV; includes hip, humerus, pelvis, radius/ulna, other femur), non-hip nonvertebral (NHNV), hospitalized vertebral (HV), and major osteoporotic (MOP; consisting of NV and HV) fractures. Overall, denosumab reduced the risk of MOP by 39%, hip by 36%, NV by 43%, NHNV by 50%, and HV fractures by 30% compared with alendronate. Denosumab reduced the risk of MOP fractures by 9% at year 1, 12% at year 2, 18% at year 3, and 31% at year 5. An increase in the magnitude of fracture risk reduction with increasing duration of exposure was also observed for other NV fracture outcomes. In this cohort of almost half-a-million treatment-naive women with PMO, we observed clinically significant reductions in the risk of MOP, hip, NV, NHNV, and HV fractures for patients on denosumab compared with alendronate. Patients who remained on denosumab for longer periods of time experienced greater reductions in fracture risk.
Human MuStem cells are competent to fuse with nonhuman primate myofibers in a clinically relevant transplantation context: A proof-of-concept study
Authors: Charrier Marine , Leroux Isabelle , Pichon Julien , Schleder Cindy , Larcher Thibaut , Hamel Antoine , Magot Armelle , Péréon Yann , Lamirault Guillaume , Tremblay Jacques P , Skuk Daniel , Rouger Karl
Published: May 2024

We previously reported that human muscle-derived stem cells (hMuStem cells) contribute to tissue repair after local administration into injured skeletal muscle or infarcted heart in immunodeficient rodent models. However, extrapolation of these findings to a clinical context is problematic owing to the considerable differences often seen between in vivo findings in humans versus rodents. Therefore, we investigated whether the muscle regenerative behavior of hMuStem cells is maintained in a clinically relevant transplantation context. Human MuStem cells were intramuscularly administered by high-density microinjection matrices into nonhuman primates receiving tacrolimus-based immunosuppression thereby reproducing the protocol that has so far produced the best results in clinical trials of cell therapy in myopathies. Four and 9 weeks after administration, histological analysis of cell injection sites revealed large numbers of hMuStem cell-derived nuclei in all cases. Most graft-derived nuclei were distributed in small myofiber groups in which no signs of a specific immune response were observed. Importantly, hMuStem cells contributed to simian tissue repair by fusing mainly with host myofibers, demonstrating their capacity for myofiber regeneration in this model. Together, these findings obtained in a valid preclinical model provide new insights supporting the potential of hMuStem cells in future cell therapies for muscle diseases.
The periscope sign as a new dermatoscopy finding to facilitate the diagnosis of furuncular myiasis
Authors: Madanchi Matiar , Merkel Tamara , Juratli Hazem A , Curatolo Riccardo
Published: May 2024

In this text, we introduce the ‘periscope sign’ as a novel dermatoscopic finding in furuncular myiasis. This clinical sign may aid in diagnosing this rare condition, particularly in patients with a history of travel to endemic areas.
Stellar wind impact on early atmospheres around unmagnetized Earth-like planets
Authors: Canet Ada , Varela Jacobo , Gómez de Castro Ana I
Published: May 2024

Stellar rotation at early ages plays a crucial role in the survival of primordial atmospheres around Earth-mass exoplanets. Earth-like planets orbiting fast-rotating stars may undergo complete photoevaporation within the first few hundred Myr driven by the enhanced stellar XUV [X-rays and extreme ultraviolet (EUV)] radiation, while planets orbiting slow-rotating stars are expected to experience difficulty in losing their primordial envelopes. Besides the action of stellar radiation, stellar winds induce additional erosion on these primordial atmospheres, altering their morphology, extent, and causing supplementary atmospheric losses. In this paper, we study the impact of activity-dependent stellar winds on primordial atmospheres to evaluate the extent to which the action of these winds can be significant in the whole planetary evolution at early evolutionary stages. We performed 3D magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulations of the interaction of photoevaporating atmospheres around unmagnetized Earth-mass planets in the time span between 50 and 500 Myr, analysing the joint evolution of stellar winds and atmospheres for both fast- and slow-rotating stars. Our results reveal substantial changes in the evolution of primordial atmospheres when influenced by fast-rotating stars, with a significant reduction in extent at early ages. In contrast, atmospheres embedded in the stellar winds from slow-rotating stars remain largely unaltered. The interaction of the magnetized stellar winds with the ionized upper atmospheres of these planets allows us to evaluate the formation and evolution of different MHD structures, such as double bow shocks and induced magnetospheres. This work will shed light on the first evolutionary stages of Earth-like exoplanets, which are of crucial relevance in terms of planet habitability.
GA-NIFS: JWST discovers an offset AGN 740 million years after the big bang
Authors: Übler Hannah , Maiolino Roberto , Pérez-González Pablo G , D’Eugenio Francesco , Perna Michele , Curti Mirko , Arribas Santiago , Bunker Andrew , Carniani Stefano , Charlot Stéphane , Rodríguez Del Pino Bruno , Baker William , Böker Torsten , Cresci Giovanni , Dunlop James , Grogin Norman A , Jones Gareth C , Kumari Nimisha , Lamperti Isabella , Laporte Nicolas , Marshall Madeline A , Mazzolari Giovanni , Parlanti Eleonora , Rawle Tim , Scholtz Jan , Venturi Giacomo , Witstok Joris
Published: May 2024

A surprising finding of recent studies is the large number of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) associated with moderately massive black holes ($\rm \log (M_\bullet /M_\odot)\sim 6-8$), in the first billion years after the big bang (z > 5). In this context, a relevant finding has been the large fraction of candidate dual AGN, both at large separations (several kpc) and in close pairs (less than a kpc), likely in the process of merging. Frequent black hole merging may be a route for black hole growth in the early universe; however, previous findings are still tentative and indirect. We present JWST/NIRSpec-IFU observations of a galaxy at z = 7.15 in which we find evidence for a $\rm \log (M_\bullet /M_\odot)\sim 7.7$ accreting black hole, as traced by a broad component of H β emission, associated with the Broad Line Region (BLR) around the black hole. This BLR is offset by 620 pc in projection from the centroid of strong rest-frame optical emission, with a velocity offset of ∼40 km s–1. The latter region is also characterized by (narrow) nebular emission features typical of AGN, hence also likely hosting another accreting black hole, although obscured (Type 2, narrow-line AGN). We exclude that the offset BLR is associated with Supernovae or massive stars, and we interpret these results as two black holes in the process of merging. This finding may be relevant for estimates of the rate and properties of gravitational-wave signals from the early universe that will be detected by future observatories like LISA.
Subtle radiographic progression at 6 months can be detected using automated quantitative software in rheumatoid arthritis while receiving tocilizumab
Authors: Okino Taichi , Ou Yafei , Ikebe Masayuki , Furusaki Akira , Sagawa Akira , Kato Masaru , Atsumi Tatsuya , Sutherland Kenneth , Kamishima Tamotsu
Published: May 2024

Objectives

We investigated whether our in-house software equipped with partial image phase-only correlation (PIPOC) can detect subtle radiographic joint space narrowing (JSN) progression at 6 months and predict JSN progression in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients receiving Tocilizumab.

Methods

The study included 39 RA patients who were treated with Tocilizumab. Radiological progression of the finger joints was evaluated according to the Genant-modified Sharp score (GSS) at 0, 6, and 12 months.

Results

The success rate of the software for joint space width (JSW) measurement was 96.8% (449/464). The 0–12-month JSW change by the software was significantly greater in joints with the 0–6-month PIPOC (+) group than the 0–6-month PIPOC (–) group (P < 0.001). The 0–12-month JSW change by the software was 0–12 month GSS (+) than with 0–12 month GSS (–) (P = 0.02). Here, ‘(+)’ indicates the JSN progression during the follow-up period. Linear regression tests showed significant correlations between the 0–6 month and the 0–12 month PIPOC in the left second and third metacarpophalangeal joints (R2 = 0.554 and 0.420, respectively).

Conclusions

Our in-house software equipped with PIPOC could predict subsequent JSN progression with only short-term observations.
Two residues in the DNA binding site of Pif1 helicase are essential for nuclear functions but dispensable for mitochondrial respiratory growth
Authors: Gao Jun , Proffitt David R , Marecki John C , Protacio Reine U , Wahls Wayne P , Byrd Alicia K , Raney Kevin D
Published: May 2024

Pif1 helicase functions in both the nucleus and mitochondria. Pif1 tightly couples ATP hydrolysis, single-stranded DNA translocation, and duplex DNA unwinding. We investigated two Pif1 variants (F723A and T464A) that have each lost one site of interaction of the protein with the DNA substrate. Both variants exhibit minor reductions in affinity for DNA and ATP hydrolysis but have impaired DNA unwinding activity. However, these variants translocate on single-stranded DNA faster than the wildtype enzyme and can slide on the DNA substrate in an ATP-independent manner. This suggests they have lost their grip on the DNA, interfering with coupling ATP hydrolysis to translocation and unwinding. Yeast expressing these variants have increased gross chromosomal rearrangements, increased telomere length, and can overcome the lethality of dna2Δ, similar to phenotypes of yeast lacking Pif1. However, unlike pif1Δ mutants, they are viable on glycerol containing media and maintain similar mitochondrial DNA copy numbers as Pif1 wildtype. Overall, our data indicate that a tight grip of the trailing edge of the Pif1 enzyme on the DNA couples ATP hydrolysis to DNA translocation and DNA unwinding. This tight grip appears to be essential for the Pif1 nuclear functions tested but is dispensable for mitochondrial respiratory growth.
Effect of C-type lectin 16 on dengue virus infection in Aedes aegypti salivary glands
Authors: Chang Ya-Chen , Liu Wei-Liang , Fang Pai-Hsiang , Li Jian-Chiuan , Liu Kun-Lin , Huang Jau-Ling , Chen Hsin-Wei , Kao Chih-Fei , Chen Chun-Hong
Published: May 2024

C-type lectins (CTLs) are a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins and an important component of mosquito saliva. Although CTLs play key roles in immune activation and viral pathogenesis, little is known about their role in regulating dengue virus (DENV) infection and transmission. In this study, we established a homozygous CTL16 knockout Aedes aegypti mutant line using CRISPR/Cas9 to study the interaction between CTL16 and viruses in mosquito vectors. Furthermore, mouse experiments were conducted to confirm the transmission of DENV by CTL16−/− A. aegypti mutants. We found that CTL16 was mainly expressed in the medial lobe of the salivary glands (SGs) in female A. aegypti. CTL16 knockout increased DENV replication and accumulation in the SGs of female A. aegypti, suggesting that CTL16 plays an important role in DENV transmission. We also found a reduced expression of immunodeficiency and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway components correlated with increased DENV viral titer, infection rate, and transmission efficiency in the CTL16 mutant strain. The findings of this study provide insights not only for guiding future investigations on the influence of CTLs on immune responses in mosquitoes but also for developing novel mutants that can be used as vector control tools.
A Specific Resistance Gene to Leptosphaeria maculans, Rlm11, Has a Limited Impact on Brassica napus Mycobiota Compared with Plant Compartment or Cropping Season Effects
Authors: Gorse Mathilde , Kerdraon Lydie , Jacques Noémie , Gautier Angélique , Balesdent Marie-Hélène , Laval Valérie
Published: May 2024

One important ecological question regarding the use of plant resistance genes against fungal pathogens concerns whether and how such resistance genes may modify pathogenic or beneficial members of the plant-associated microbiota. We studied the impact of a plant resistance gene by analyzing the mycobiota associated with Brassica napus organs over two cropping seasons. Sampling dates coincided with key stages of the life cycle of the B. napus pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans. Leaf samples were collected at three time points in autumn and spring, and stem base samples were collected at two time points a few weeks before and at harvest. Stem residues, where L. maculans survives in the intercropping season and develops sexual reproduction, were also analyzed at four time points between the two cropping seasons. The sampling was performed on two plant genotypes, Darmor and Darmor- Rlm11, only differing by the effective resistance gene against L. maculans, Rlm11. Altogether, 419 samples were analyzed using two barcode: internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and Actin. The plant organ was shown to be the main mycobiota structuring factor, as clear-cut alternation of the species suggested that each plant organ represented a specific ecological niche. The cropping season and plant genotype also significantly influenced the community structure in lower proportions. The resistance gene contributed differently to the community structure depending on the year and the organ concerned. A significant but low impact of Rlm11 on other B. napus fungal pathogens was detected. The ITS and Actin barcodes showed similar results, but the species assignation was limited for the latter.
Effect of Stenocarpella maydis and Stenocarpella macrospora Inoculation Timing on Diplodia Ear Rot of Corn
Authors: Anderson Nolan R. , Wise Kiersten A.
Published: May 2024

Stenocarpella maydis (Berk.) Sutton and S. macrospora (Earle) Sutton are both causal agents of Diplodia ear rot (DER) of corn in the United States; however, DER caused by S. macrospora has not been as well studied as S. maydis in trials examining disease development. Field experiments were established in Kentucky to examine the effect of inoculation timing at one of four growth stages (eight-leaf collar [V8], silking [R1], blister [R2], and milk [R3]) on DER severity, yield, and test weight. Experiments were conducted under dryland and irrigated conditions in 2019 and 2020 and under irrigated conditions in 2021. Treatments inoculated by either pathogen at silking (R1) resulted in higher DER than treatments where inoculation occurred at the milk stage (R3) in all years. Yield was reduced in treatments inoculated at R1 compared to the noninoculated treatment in all trials and years, except the irrigated trial in 2019. A negative relationship was found between DER severity and corn yield and test weight: as DER severity increased, subsequent yield and test weight of corn decreased. This research indicates that an R1 inoculation timing of both Stenocarpella pathogens can negatively impact yield and grain quality.
Susceptibility to recombinant SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein entry in the lungs of high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice
Authors: Gotoh Koro , Satoh Fumiko , Uesugi Honami , Noguchi Takaaki , Matsuda Naoki , Sada Kentaro , Miyamoto Shotaro , Ozeki Yoshinori , Yoshida Yuichi , Okamoto Mitsuhiro , Masaki Takayuki , Kawabe Toshiaki , Shibata Hirotaka
Published: May 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of COVID‐19. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an essential receptor for cell entry of SARS‐CoV‐2. The receptor‐binding domain of the S1 subunit (S1‐RBD protein) in the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike glycoprotein binds to ACE2 on host cells, through which the virus enters several organs, including the lungs. Considering these findings, recombinant ACE2 might be utilized as a decoy protein to attenuate SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Here, we examined whether obesity increases ACE2 expression in the lungs and whether recombinant ACE2 administration diminishes the entry of S1‐RBD protein into lung cells. We observed that high‐fat diet‐induced obesity promoted ACE2 expression in the lungs by increasing serum levels of LPS derived from the intestine. S1‐RBD protein entered the lungs specifically through ACE2 expressed in host lungs and that the administration of recombinant ACE2 attenuated this entry. We conclude that obesity makes hosts susceptible to recombinant SARS‐CoV‐2 spike proteins due to elevated ACE2 expression in lungs, and this model of administering S1‐RBD protein can be applied to new COVID‐19 treatments.
Patterns of Use of Endocrine and Hormonal Therapy in Patients with Gender Dysphoria [ID 2683388]
Authors: Wright Jason D. , Parikh Esha , Huang Yongmei
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Gender dysphoria (GD) is the emotional distress experienced by transgender individuals. While hormonal and endocrine therapy has been shown to improve outcomes, there is a paucity of data assessing patterns of use. The objective of our study was to determine trends in use of therapy in patients with GD.

METHODS:

We utilized the MarketScan Research Databases to identify patients aged 18–64 years with GD from 2008 to 2021. Use of guideline-recommended hormonal therapy including testosterone for transgender males and estradiol, spironolactone, and GnRH agonists for transgender females was examined. Patients were included if they had at least one full year of continuous insurance and drug enrollment. The utilization rate of each agent for each given year and duration of the first hormonal treatment were examined.

RESULTS:

A total of 36,847 patients were identified. The cohort included 18,195 (49.4%) patients with self-reported gender as male, and 18,652 (50.6%) as female. Overall, 61.0% of the cohort used hormonal therapy including estradiol in 33.4%, spironolactone in 27.3%, testosterone in 25.7%, and GnRH agonists in 0.3%. Use of hormonal therapy increased in more recent years of the study. Overall, hormonal therapy was used in 55.9% of those aged 18–24 years, 64.3% of those 25–34 years, 66.8% of patients 35–44 years, 64.2% of those 45–54 years, and in 61.5% of patients aged 55–64 years.

CONCLUSION:

The use of endocrine and hormonal therapy among transgender individuals is substantial and has increased over the last decade.
An Analysis of Discourse Surrounding Oral Contraceptives on TikTok [ID 2683389]
Authors: Repetto Mayra , Horvath Anna , Sanders Maggie , Fernandez Stephanie , Shackleford Melanie , Free Leanne L.
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION:

The lack of comprehensive sex education in U.S. secondary schools has created large knowledge gaps in reproductive health, leading many adolescents and young adults to turn to social media platforms, such as TikTok, for information about contraception. This cross-sectional study aims to provide a descriptive content analysis of the quality and reliability of oral contraceptive health information on TikTok.

METHODS:

One thousand TikTok videos listed under various search terms related to oral contraceptives were screened. Data including engagement metrics such as views, likes, comments, saves, and shares were recorded. Video content, including contraceptive methods discussed, efficacy, tolerability, and side effects, was recorded. Two reviewers independently used a modified DISCERN criteria and Global Quality Scale (GQS) to assess the quality and reliability of information for each video. According to the IRB, this project has been approved and exempt from further review.

RESULTS:

Five hundred seventy-four videos were analyzed after applying exclusion criteria. Videos had a median length of 27 seconds and received a median of 166 views per day. Video creators were 83.3% female and 58.7% White. 49.8% of videos discussed adverse effects, whereas only 27.5% discussed positive effects. The mean modified DISCERN score was 1.63±1.062 and the mean GQS score was 2.28±1.374. Health care professionals had significantly higher DISCERN and GQS scores than non-health care professionals; however, they received fewer views and likes on their videos (P<.001).

CONCLUSION:

TikTok videos related to oral contraceptive health had low quality and reliability of information. The majority of videos were made by non-health care providers, and the most common topic discussed was adverse effects of contraception. Videos made by health care professionals contained more reliable contraceptive information but received less engagement than videos made by non-health care professionals. Health care providers should consider the prevalence of poor quality information about oral contraceptives on social media when counseling and educating patients about reproductive health.
Mind the Gap: Estrogen Receptor-β in Astrocytes Is a Therapeutic Target to Prevent Cognitive Problems at Menopause [ID 2683385]
Authors: Voskuhl Rhonda R. , Itoh Noriko , Itoh Yuichiro , Meyer Cassandra E. , Golden Lisa , MacKenzie-Graham Allan J.
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Menopause entails cognitive deficits and brain atrophy, but the brain region and cell-specific mechanisms remain unclear.

METHODS:

Aging female mice were examined for cognitive deficits, hippocampal atrophy by MRI, and neuropathology.

RESULTS:

A sex hormone by age interaction was discovered. Loss of ovarian hormones in female mice at midlife, but not young age, induced hippocampal-dependent cognitive impairment, dorsal hippocampal atrophy, and glial activation with synaptic loss. Deletion of estrogen receptor-β (ERβ) in astrocytes, but not neurons, in gonadally intact females recapitulated these effects. RNA sequencing and pathway analyses of gene expression in hippocampal astrocytes from midlife female astrocyte-ERβ conditional knockout (cKO) mice revealed Gluconeogenesis I and Glycolysis I as the most differentially expressed pathways. Enolase 1 gene expression was increased in hippocampi from astrocyte-ERβ cKO at midlife and postmenopausal women. ERβ ligand treatment at midlife reversed dorsal hippocampal neuropathology.

CONCLUSION:

Estrogen receptor-β in hippocampal astrocytes modulates cognitive function in mid-age female mice.