bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Narrowing of the responsible region for severe developmental delay and autistic behaviors in WAGR syndrome down to 1.6 Mb including PAX6, WT1, and PRRG4
Authors: Yamamoto Toshiyuki , Togawa Masami , Shimada Shino , Sangu Noriko , Shimojima Keiko , Okamoto Nobuhiko
Published: December 2013

Interstitial deletions of the 11p13 region are known to cause WAGR (Wilms tumor, aniridia, genitourinary malformation, and “mental retardation”) syndrome, a contiguous gene deletion syndrome due to haploinsufficiencies of the genes in this region, including WT1 and PAX6. Developmental delay and autistic features are major complications of this syndrome. Previously, some genes located in this region have been suggested as responsible for autistic features. In this study, we identified two patients who showed the chromosomal deletions involving 11p13. Patient 1, having an 8.6 Mb deletion of chr11p14.1p12:29,676,434–38,237,948, exhibited a phenotype typical of WAGR syndrome and had severe developmental delay and autistic behaviors. On the other hand, Patient 2 had a larger aberration region in 11p14.1–p12 which was split into two regions, that is, a 2.2‐Mb region of chr11p14.1: 29,195,161–31,349,732 and a 10.5‐Mb region of chr11p13p12: 32,990,627–43,492,580. As a consequence, 1.6 Mb region of the WAGR syndrome critical region was intact between the two deletions. This patient showed no symptom of WAGR syndrome and no autistic behaviors. Therefore, the region responsible for severe developmental delay and autistic features on WAGR syndrome can be narrowed down to the region remaining intact in Patient 2. Thus, the unique genotype identified in this study suggested that haploinsufficiencies of PAX6 or PRRG4 included in this region are candidate genes for severe developmental delay and autistic features characteristic of WAGR syndrome. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Haploinsufficiency of interferon regulatory factor 6 alters brain morphology in the mouse
Authors: Aerts Andrea , DeVolder Ian , Weinberg Seth M. , Thedens Dan , Dunnwald Martine , Schutte Brian C. , Nopoulos Peg
Published: December 2013

Orofacial clefts are among the commonest birth defects. Among many genetic contributors to orofacial clefting, Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 (IRF6) is unique since mutations in this gene cause Van der Woude (VWS), the most common clefting syndrome. Furthermore, variants in IRF6 contribute to increased risk for non‐syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P). Our previous work shows that individuals with either VWS or NSCL/P may have cerebral anomalies (larger anterior, smaller posterior regions), and a smaller cerebellum. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that disrupting Irf6 in the mouse will result in quantitative brain changes similar to those reported for humans with VWS and NSCL/P. Male mice heterozygous for Irf6 (Irf6gt1/+; n = 9) and wild‐type (Irf6+/+; n = 6) mice at comparable age underwent a 4.7‐T MRI scan to obtain quantitative measures of cortical and subcortical brain structures. There was no difference in total brain volume between groups. However, the frontal cortex was enlarged in the Irf6gt1/+ mice compared to that of wild types (P = 0.028) while the posterior cortex did not differ. In addition, the volume of the cerebellum of Irf6gt1/+ mice was decreased (P = 0.004). Mice that were heterozygous for Irf6 showed a similar pattern of brain anomalies previously reported in humans with VWS and NSCL/P. These structural differences were present in the absence of overt oral clefts. These results support a role for IRF6 in brain morphometry and provide evidence for a potential genetic link to abnormal brain development in orofacial clefting. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Forest Sustainability in China and Implications for a Telecoupled World
Authors: Liu Jianguo
Published: December 2013

China's forest cover has been increasing in the past three decades, which is in sharp contrast to rapid declines in other natural resources. Understanding the mechanisms of forest recovery and their effects is essential for sustaining forests in China and elsewhere. Some studies suggest that imports of forest products have contributed to the increase in forest cover of China and the decline in forest cover of exporting countries. However, it is not clear whether other countries beyond the exporting countries are affected. Using the framework of telecoupling (socioeconomic and environmental interactions over distances), we found that China's forest cover increase is affected by multiple telecoupling processes (e.g. trade of food and forest products) and their interactions with each other and with other factors. The socioeconomic and environmental impacts of telecoupling processes go well beyond China and the exporting countries. As China's demand for forest products and other ecosystem services such as food and water continues to rise, telecouplings will become even more important for sustainable forests, food security, water security, human well‐being and environmental sustainability in the future. New and more effective policies are needed to minimise negative and enhance positive impacts of telecouplings on China and other countries around the world.
A scalable architecture for concurrent online auctions
Authors: Karakostas Bill
Published: December 2013

Online auction systems are characterised by a number of functional and performance management requirements, caused by the potentially very large numbers of distributed concurrent bidders, as well as by the auction rules. Such systems are typically implemented as three tier, thread‐based architectures, whose performance does not scale up well with an increase in the number of concurrent bidders. Nor such systems can take advantage of new Cloud based environments. In this paper, we propose an architectural framework for online auctions developed on top of a soft real‐time platform (Open Telecom Platform) using a concurrent language (Erlang) and an embedded Web server (Yaws). The proposed framework can scale up to hundreds of thousands of concurrent users while its performance can benefit from multicore and symmetric multiprocessing computer architectures. We demonstrate the capabilities of the framework by developing prototypes for two auction types known as ‘unique bid’ and ‘penny’, analyse their performance characteristics and compare them with that of existing auction systems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: is it feasible?
Authors: Palermo Andrea , Maggi Daria , Maurizi Anna Rita , Pozzilli Paolo , Buzzetti Raffaella
Published: December 2013

The increasing global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) requires the implementation of preventive strategies to halt this trend, tailored to the specific needs of individual regions. Risk factors for T2DM are among the main targets for improving health outcomes and curbing the development of diabetes; excessive weight and obesity are two of the most important risk factors that need to be addressed. A growing body of evidence suggests that subjects with pre‐diabetes who lose body weight and increase physical activity can delay or prevent the onset of T2DM, and in some cases, blood glucose levels may return to normal. Several studies have shown that moderate to intensive levels of exercise are effective in reducing both intra‐abdominal and total adiposity among obese subjects, both improving cardiovascular risk profile and reducing the risk of T2DM development. These consistent observations have given rise to large‐scale randomized controlled trials that use lifestyle intervention (including behavioural strategies for the reinforcement of prescribed changes in nutritional intake, physical activity or both), with or without pharmacological treatment, in populations at high risk of developing T2DM. In this review, large‐scale national trials that have focused on the prevention of T2DM are critically evaluated. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting the activity and toxicity of new psychoactive substances: a pharmaceutical industry perspective
Authors: Leach Andrew G.
Published: December 2013

Predicting the effect that new compounds might have when administered to human beings is a common desire shared by researchers in the pharmaceutical industry and those interested in psychoactive compounds (illicit or otherwise). The experience of the pharmaceutical industry is that making such predictions at a usefully accurate level is not only difficult but that even when billions of dollars are spent to ensure that only compounds likely to have a desired effect without unacceptable side‐effects are dosed to humans in clinical trials, they fail in more than 90% of cases. A range of experimental and computational techniques is used and they are placed in their context in this paper. The particular roles played by computational techniques and their limitations are highlighted; these techniques are used primarily to reduce the number of experiments that must be performed but cannot replace those experiments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of aspirin and statins on long‐term survival in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure: an analysis of 1706 patients
Authors: Lewinter Christian , Bland John M. , Crouch Simon , Cleland John G.F. , Doherty Patrick , LeWinter Martin M. , Køber Lars , Hall Alistair S. , Gale Christopher P.
Published: December 2013

Aims

Aspirin and statins are established therapies for acute myocardial infarction (MI), but their benefits in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) remain elusive. We investigated the impact of aspirin and statins on long‐term survival in patients hospitalized with acute MI complicated by HF.

Methods and results

Of 4251 patients in the Evaluation of Methods and Management of Acute Coronary Events (EMMACE)‐1 and ‐2 observational studies, 1706 patients had HF. A propensity score‐matching method estimated the average treatment effects (ATEs) of aspirin and statins on survival over 90 months. ATEs were calculated as relative risk differences in all‐cause mortality comparing patients receiving aspirin and statins with controls, respectively. Moreover, combined aspirin and statins vs. none (ATE I), aspirin or statins vs. none (ATE II), and aspirin and statins vs. aspirin or statins (ATE III) were assessed. The median survival times of the ATE I, ATE II and ATE III were 25, 50, and 85 months, respectively. Regarding aspirin, the ATE was significantly improved at 6, 12, and 90 months [ATE 6 months: 10%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3–18%], where the ATE of statins favoured survival at 1–24 months (ATE 1 month: 5%, 95% CI 0.3–10%). Mortality was lower at 1, 6, and 24 months in those who received aspirin and statins (ATE I). When the combination was compared with either treatment alone, an effect persisted between 6 and 90 months (ATE III).

Conclusion

In patients with acute MI complicated by HF, prescription of aspirin and statins either alone or together was associated with better long‐term survival.
Concise Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Trifluoromethylated α,β‐Diamino Esters through Addition Reactions of Glycine Esters to CF3‐Sulfinylimine
Authors: Xie Chen , Mei Haibo , Wu Lingmin , Soloshonok Vadim A. , Han Jianlin , Pan Yi
Published: December 2013

(S)‐N‐(tert‐Butylsulfinyl)‐3,3,3‐trifluoroacetaldimine underwent reactions with enolates of glycine esters with quite remarkable stereochemical results, that is, with virtually complete (>99 % de) diastereoselectivity and excellent (>98 %) yields. Furthermore, the reactions are conducted under operationally convenient conditions (Cs2CO3‐catalyzed, ambient temperature) to provide the most advanced, general, and scalable access to biologically important β‐trifluoromethylated α,β‐diamino acids.
Analysis of transient scattering problems using a discontinuous Galerkin method: application to the shielding effectiveness of enclosures with heterogeneous walls
Authors: Boubekeur Mohamed , Kameni Abelin , Pichon Lionel , Modave Axel , Geuzaine Christophe
Published: December 2013

In this paper, different formulations of Maxwell equations are combined for computing the shielding effectiveness of enclosures made from heterogeneous periodic materials. The validity of the homogenized parameters given by Maxwell‐Garnett rules in the frequency domain are tested in the time domain by using a nodal DG method, which uses an interface condition based on analytical solution in the frequency domain to replace a conductive sheet. This interface condition allows to avoid meshing the thin sheet, thus reducing the computational cost. Results of scattering by composite enclosures are presented in the frequency domain thanks to a FFT. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Secrets of Operational and Organizational Due Diligence
Authors: Recardo Ronald J. , Toterhi Tim
Published: December 2013

Companies that opt to grow by merging with or acquiring another organization must systematically address the due diligence phase of the process. In particular, their leaders must focus on the key issues affecting the target organization's operations and organizational structure. These include distribution channels, consolidation of physical assets, business strategies, value chains and processes, human resources practices, talent retention, and change management. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Operational Excellence in the Greek Brewing Industry
Authors: Vrellas Charisis G. , Tsiotras George D.
Published: December 2013

An overview of the two largest breweries in Greece reveals some of the ways that operational excellence can be achieved in the brewing industry. At Athenian Brewery SA, one of the largest companies in Greece, the total quality management philosophy addresses product quality and safety, environmental protection, and employee health and safety to focus on stakeholders' needs and well‐being. In addition to implementing a total productive management program to drive continuous improvement, the organization's leaders also pay particular attention to raw material quality and the distribution network to ensure customer satisfaction. At Mythos Brewery SA, Greece's second‐largest brewing company, a revamped information management system complemented the company's emphasis on recycling and other sustainability initiatives to cut costs and improve productivity. Pioneers in operational excellence in a demanding market, these two companies serve as role models for other organizations in their region and industry. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Holocene warming marked by abrupt onset of longer summers and reduced storm frequency around Greenland
Authors: MAYEWSKI P. A. , SNEED S. B. , BIRKEL S. D. , KURBATOV A. V. , MAASCH K. A.
Published: December 2013

The abrupt climate shifts identified in Greenland ice cores transformed understanding of the climate system. Although primarily studied in the paleoclimate record, abrupt climate change induced by greenhouse gas rise poses a serious threat to modern humans and ecosystems. We present the first ultra‐high‐resolution view (hundreds of samples per year) of the abrupt onset (within 1 year) of the current interglacial (warm) climate retrieved from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project Two (GISP2) ice core archive. This abrupt onset is manifested by a marked reduction in storm event frequency and increase in the length of the summer season around Greenland. We apply this metric to the current rapid climatic amelioration in the Arctic as a precursor for future abrupt climate change events.
Inhibitory receptor molecules in chronic hepatitis B and C infections: novel targets for immunotherapy?
Authors: Hakim Mohamad S. , Spaan Michelle , Janssen Harry L. A. , Boonstra Andre
Published: December 2013

Chronic HBV and HCV infections are the leading cause of liver‐related morbidity and mortality. For effective antiviral immunity, virus‐specific T cells are required, but these cells have been shown to be weak or absent in chronic HBV and HCV patients. One of the mechanisms that underlies the impaired T‐cell response is the result of the continuously high viral load that causes HBV‐specific and HCV‐specific T cells to become exhausted, which is characterized by impaired proliferation, cytokine production and cytotoxic activity of T cells as well as high susceptibility to apoptosis. In vitro studies from chronic HBV and HCV patients as well as in vivo studies in animal models demonstrated a reversible state of T‐cell exhaustion, which can be manipulated to reinvigorate the specific antiviral immune responses. In chronic HCV infection, this concept has been explored in clinical trials by administration of specific antibody to block the inhibitory pathways. The manipulation of inhibitory receptors is a promising and potential strategy for immunotherapeutic interventions in chronic HBV and HCV patients to facilitate complete elimination of the viruses or sustained viral control. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Navigating Difference through Multicultural Service Learning
Authors: Pasquesi Kira
Published: December 2013

This chapter explores the design and implementation of service learning as a multicultural initiative. The author shares considerations for multicultural service‐learning practice using an example from a course project focused on leadership skill development in public service.
Building Multicultural Residential Communities: A Model for Training Student Staff
Authors: Petryk Taryn , Thompson Monita C. , Boynton Trelawny
Published: December 2013

The growing diversity and changing demographics within the United States increases the importance of students developing skills to engage across identity difference. The purpose of this chapter is to describe how a pre‐employment course for student staff members is used as a multicultural intervention training to provide students with the knowledge and skills to create and facilitate an inclusive, multicultural community in residential communities.
An instrument for analyzing arguments produced in modeling‐based chemistry lessons
Authors: Mendonça Paula Cristina Cardoso , Justi Rosária
Published: December 2013

Previous research on argumentation in science education has focused on the understanding of relationships between modeling and argumentation (an important topic that only recently has been addressed in few empirical studies), and the methodological difficulties related to the analysis of arguments produced in classrooms. Our study is related to these two aspects. This paper introduces an instrument to analyze arguments produced by students involved in modeling‐based lessons, and discusses the instrument in the light of the current literature. This instrument has been successfully used to analyze arguments in modeling‐based contexts through focus on analysis of plausibility of arguments regarding a given idea or model, and a documentation of the main elements (justification, evidence) and goals of an argument (explanation and persuasion). It has some advantages over other proposals found in the literature, mainly the consideration of the notion of scientific curricular argument (that allows the analysis of arguments in the light of student's knowledge and evidence available in the modeling process), and the distinction between the types of justification (that are important for monitoring the understanding of abstract phenomena). Therefore, it supports the analysis of argumentative situations that occur in regular classes, showing how the quality of students' arguments varies when they participate in distinct activities. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 51: 192–218, 2014
Tell a Good Story Well: Writing Tips
Authors: Smith Randolph A.
Published: December 2013

This chapter gives reasons why writing is important, summarizes general writing guidelines common to many academic disciplines, and provides specific writing guidelines that authors should use to make their manuscripts stronger and more likely to be acceptable to editors.
Management of Thoracic Esophageal Perforation
Authors: Lin Yidan , Jiang Guangliang , Liu Lunxu , Jiang Jack Xiwen , Chen Longqi , Zhao Yongfan , Yang Junjie
Published: December 2013

Background

The aim of this study was to characterize an optimal strategy in managing thoracic esophageal perforation, focusing on the differential diagnosis and treatment of patients with contained versus noncontained perforations and on the importance of the time interval between injury and repair and how that affects the outcome of a primary repair.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted. A strict definition of contained or noncontained perforation was based on a combination of esophagography, chest CT scan, and endoscopy as well as monitoring systemic symptoms. Management options for our cohort included conservative therapy, primary repair and debridement, esophagectomy, and mesh‐covered stents. Patients were stratified into two groups according to the time interval after injury: ≤48‐h group and >48‐h group.

Results

Between January 1997 and January 2013, a total of 66 consecutive patients (47 males and 19 females, mean age = 49.1 ± 16.2 years) were treated for thoracic esophageal perforation. Perforation was confirmed by esophagography in 51 patients and by endoscopy in 15 patients. Eighteen patients were assigned to the contained perforation group. All these patients were successfully cured without surgery. The noncontained group included 48 patients; its mortality rate was 7.7 % (3/39) with surgery and 55.6 % (5/9) with stent placement. Compared with the contained group, the noncontained group had a significantly longer length of stay (LOS) (16 ± 3.2 vs. 26.3 ± 18.7 days; p < 0.05) and a higher mortality rate (0 vs. 22.9 %, p < 0.05). In the two time‐interval groups, patient characteristics, including age, gender, and comorbidities, etiologic cause, length and location of the perforation, and the incidence of using tissue buttress were similar (p > 0.05). The incidence of postoperative leak was significantly higher in >48‐h group (0 in ≤48‐h group vs. 37.5 % in >48‐h group; p < 0.01). In addition, the >48‐h group had a significantly longer LOS (18.0 ± 9.1 days in ≤48‐h group vs. 31.5 ± 18.6 days in >48‐h group; p < 0.01). The two deaths occurred in the >48‐h group (0 in ≤48‐h group vs. 12.5 % in >48‐h group; p > 0.05) due to postoperative leaks.

Conclusions

Contained or noncontained perforation should be rigorously differentiated. Then, for a contained perforation, conservative therapy coupled with repeated imaging is reasonable treatment. For a noncontained perforation, a primary repair can be safely performed within 48 h after injury. After that, a primary repair is still reasonable but is associated with an increased risk of postoperative leaks.
Examining Relational Empowerment for Elementary School Students in a yPAR Program
Authors: Langhout Regina Day , Collins Charles , Ellison Erin Rose
Published: December 2013

This paper joins relational empowerment, youth empowerment, and Bridging Multiple Worlds frameworks to examine forms of relational empowerment for children in two intermediary institutions—school and a youth participatory action research after‐school program (yPAR ASP). Participants were twelve children, most of whom were Latina/o and from im/migrant families, enrolled in a yPAR ASP for 2 years. A mixed‐method approach was utilized; we analyzed children's interviews, self‐defined goals, and their social networks to examine their experiences of relational empowerment. We conclude that children experienced each of the five relational empowerment factors—collaborative competence, bridging social divisions, facilitating others’ empowerment, mobilizing networks, and passing on a legacy—in the yPAR ASP setting, and some factors in school. These experiences, however, were more pronounced in the yPAR ASP setting. Additionally, social network analyses revealed that a small but meaningful percentage of actors bridged worlds, especially home and family, but by year 2, also school and the yPAR ASP. Finally, most helpers for school‐based goals came from school, but a sizable number came from family, friends, and home worlds, and by year 2, also came from the yPAR ASP. Implications range from theoretical to methodological development, including the use of social network analysis as a tool to descriptively examine relational power in context.
Clinical features and ETFDH mutation spectrum in a cohort of 90 Chinese patients with late‐onset multiple acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: Xi Jianying , Wen Bing , Lin Jie , Zhu Wenhua , Luo Sushan , Zhao Chongbo , Li Duoling , Lin Pengfei , Lu Jiahong , Yan Chuanzhu
Published: December 2013

The major cause of lipid storage myopathies (LSM) in China is multiple acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) caused by ETFDH mutations. We here present an analysis of the spectrum of ETFDH mutations in the largest cohort of patients with MADD (90 unrelated patients). We identified 61 ETFDH mutations, including 31 novel mutations, which were widely distributed within the coding sequence. Three frequent mutations were identified: c.250G > A (most common in South China), c.770A > G and c.1227A > C (most common in both South and North China). Regional differences of allele frequency and further haplotype analysis suggest the possibility of founder effects of c.250G > A and c.770A > G. These findings promise to provide the basis for implementing a rapid and economical strategy for diagnosing MADD.
Virtual Recentralization: Pilgrimage as Social Imaginary in the Demilitarized Islands between China and Taiwan
Authors: Lin Wei-Ping
Published: December 2013

Drawing on ethnography from Mazu, a group of demilitarized islands between China and Taiwan, this article argues that contemporary pilgrimage is an imaginative work that generates hope and potentialities for the increasingly marginalized islanders. I explore the imaginative qualities of the rituals, qualities that I refer to collectively as “virtual recentralization.” “Recentralization” connotes the islanders' longing to regain their Cold War status as the focal point between China and Taiwan, even though the desired goal can only be “virtual” as cross-strait tensions continue to diminish. These pilgrimages, with their eclectic, improvisatory, and novel forms, differ from traditional pilgrimages in important ways: rather than transmitting permanent and solid religious values, they are oriented towards performance and are imbued with elements of fiction and fantasy. They are the means by which the Mazu islanders, in this neoliberal era, imagine their future, reconfigure political, economic, and religious space, and forge new connections between China, Taiwan, and even the wider world.
Effects of rapeseed and soybean oil dietary supplementation on bovine fat metabolism, fatty acid composition and cholesterol levels in milk
Authors: Altenhofer Christian , Spornraft Melanie , Kienberger Hermine , Rychlik Michael , Herrmann Julia , Meyer Heinrich HD , Viturro Enrique
Published: December 2013

The main goal of this experiment was to study the effect of milk fat depression, induced by supplementing diet with plant oils, on the bovine fat metabolism, with special interest in cholesterol levels. For this purpose 39 cows were divided in three groups and fed different rations: a control group (C) without any oil supplementation and two groups with soybean oil (SO) or rapeseed oil (RO) added to the partial mixed ration (PMR). A decrease in milk fat percentage was observed in both oil feedings with a higher decrease of −1·14 % with SO than RO with −0·98 % compared with the physiological (−0·15 %) decline in the C group. There was no significant change in protein and lactose yield. The daily milk cholesterol yield was lower in both oil rations than in control ration, while the blood cholesterol level showed an opposite variation. The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. The results of this experiment suggest that the feeding of oil supplements has a high impact on milk fat composition and its significance for human health, by decreasing fats with a potentially negative effect (SFA and cholesterol) while simultaneously increasing others with positive (MUFA, PUFA, CLA).
“The Mystery of Unity”: Poetic and Mystical Aspects of a Unique Zoharic Shema Mystery
Authors: Benarroch Jonatan M.
Published: December 2013

This paper reveals one of the most unique Zoharic Shema mysteries identified as “Rav Hamnuna Sabba's Mystery of Unity” [רזא דיחודא דרב המנונא סבא]. This mystery is deeply connected to two narrative figures in Zoharic literature: The Yanuka (the Zoharic wunderkind) and the Saba (the wise old man). This paper argues that various poetic aspects of these two figures illuminate the theosophic and mystical contents of their homilies as can be shown in the various homilies of the Yanuka and Saba on their unique Shema mystery.
Zur ästhetischen Differenz von Kunst und Leben in den künstlerischen Therapien
Authors: Wichelhaus Barbara
Published: December 2013

Künstlerische Therapien haben sich gemäß der Vielfältigkeit von Auffassungen über Kunst und Therapie und unter Berücksichtigung der spezifischen Lebenspraxis von Menschen in Ausnahmesituationen entwickelt. Dabei sind sehr unterschiedliche Ansätze entstanden, die sich einerseits diskursiv selbst behaupten, andererseits Andersdenkende oft hartnäckig ignorieren. Im nachfolgenden Beitrag wird ein Diskurs über die ästhetische Differenz von Kunst und Leben „angestoßen”, der sich auf Theorie und Praxis in den Künstlerischen Therapien bezieht, einen Schwerpunkt in der Kunsttherapie hat und sich als schulenübergreifend versteht.
Chloride channels are necessary for full platelet phosphatidylserine exposure and procoagulant activity
Authors: Harper M T , Poole A W
Published: December 2013

Platelets enhance thrombin generation at sites of vascular injury by exposing phosphatidylserine during necrosis-like cell death. Anoctamin 6 (Ano6) is required for Ca2+-dependent phosphatidylserine exposure and is defective in patients with Scott syndrome, a rare bleeding disorder. Ano6 may also form Cl− channels, though the role of Cl− fluxes in platelet procoagulant activity has not been explored. We found that Cl− channel blockers or removal of extracellular Cl− inhibited agonist-induced phosphatidylserine exposure. However, this was not due to direct inhibition of Ca2+-dependent scrambling since Ca2+ ionophore-induced phosphatidylserine exposure was normal. This implies that the role of Ano6 in Ca2+−dependent PS exposure is likely to differ from any putative function of Ano6 as a Cl− channel. Instead, Cl− channel blockade inhibited agonist-induced Ca2+ entry. Importantly, Cl− channel blockers also prevented agonist-induced membrane hyperpolarization, resulting in depolarization. We propose that Cl− entry through Cl− channels is required for this hyperpolarization, maintaining the driving force for Ca2+ entry and triggering full phosphatidylserine exposure. This demonstrates a novel role for Cl− channels in controlling platelet death and procoagulant activity.
Engineering plasmonic metal colloids through composition and structural design
Authors: Motl N. E. , Smith A. F. , DeSantis C. J. , Skrabalak S. E.
Published: December 2013

This Tutorial Review examines the effects of composition, particle size and shape, overall architecture, and local environment on the optical properties of metal colloids.
Controlled morphogenesis and self-assembly of bismutite nanocrystals into three-dimensional nanostructures and their applications
Authors: Zhang Xinyi , Zheng Yuanhui , McCulloch Dougal G. , Yeo Leslie. Y. , Friend James. R. , MacFarlane Douglas R.
Published: December 2013

We report the morphogenesis and self-assembly of bismutite nanocrystals with fully tunable morphologies from square plates, octagonal sheets, and round disks into three-dimensional hierarchical nanostructures.
Hydroxyapatite/gold/arginine: designing the structure to create antibacterial activity
Authors: Vukomanović M. , Logar M. , Škapin S. D. , Suvorov D.
Published: December 2013

Structural analogy with antibacterial peptides provides antibacterial property in newly developed HAp/Au/arginine nanocomposite. The material possesses: (i) high antibacterial activity, (ii) high cytocompatibility and (iii) good stability in physiological environment.
Gene variations of ROCKs and risk of ischaemic stroke: the Women's Genome Health Study
Authors: Zee Robert Y. L. , Wang Qing-Mei , Chasman Daniel I. , Ridker Paul M , Liao James K.
Published: December 2013

Recent animal and human studies have demonstrated the importance of the ROCK (RhoA/Rho-associated kinase) pathway in IsST (ischaemic stroke). Whether the genetic variation within ROCK-associated genes modulates the risk of IsST remains elusive. The association between 66 tSNPs [tagging SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms)] of three ROCK-associated genes [ROCK1, ROCK2 and ARHGEF10 (Rho guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor 10)] and the incidence of IsST was investigated in 23294 Caucasian female participants of the prospective WGHS (Women's Genome Health Study). All were free of known cancer and cardiovascular disease at baseline. During a 15-year follow-up period, 323 participants developed their first ever IsST. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between genotypes and risk of IsST assuming an additive genetic model. Haplotype-block analysis was also performed. A total of ten tSNPs were associated with the risk of IsST (three in ARHGEF10 and seven in ROCK1; P<0.050). Further investigation using the haplotype-block analysis revealed a similar significant association of pre-specified haplotypes of ROCK1 with the risk of IsST (P=0.005). If corroborated in other large prospective studies, the findings of the present study suggest that genetic variation within the ROCK-associated pathway gene loci examined, and in particular ROCK1 gene variation, may influence the risk of IsST.
Extended time processing for passive bistatic radar
Authors: Smith Graeme E. , Chetty Kevin , Baker Christopher John , Woodbridge Karl
Published: December 2013

The authors present a novel optimisation of calculation of the range‐velocity surface for passive bistatic radar (PBR). Unlike other optimisations, the time‐bandwidth product is maintained by ensuring that maximum integration gain is achieved. The advocated technique also permits extended observation intervals without increased processing. Continuous signals of opportunity are interrupted in the receiver; this enables high coherence over extended data acquisition times facilitating high Doppler/velocity resolution. The effect of this technique on integration gain and robustness to target decorrelation is investigated using a simulation. A validating experiment is reported in which a prototype PBR obtains a velocity resolution of 0.07 ms−1 when measuring a human target.
Time‐difference‐of‐arrival regularised location estimator for multilateration systems
Authors: Mantilla‐Gaviria Ivan Antonio , Leonardi Mauro , Galati Gaspare , Balbastre‐Tejedor Juan Vicente
Published: December 2013

A new version of an open form localisation algorithm, called regularised location estimator (RLE), for time difference of arrival (TDOA) multilateration systems is proposed. This algorithm is based on Tikhonov regularisation and on maximum‐likelihood estimation. It is aimed to solve the localisation problem for both well‐conditioned and ill‐conditioned situations. It provides solutions that are statistically and numerically efficient, in contrast to the algorithms in the literature providing solutions that are only efficient in one sense and that do not solve the ill‐conditioned situations, which can be found in some operational conditions. A recursive formulation for estimating the regularisation parameter is provided and some mathematical analyses about the proposed estimator are also presented. A comparison with a large number of open and closed form algorithms in the literature is performed with both simulated and real data. The results show that the novel TDOA‐RLE provides superior performance even in the case of well‐conditioned situations.
Two-dimensional x-ray correlation spectroscopy of remote core states
Authors: Healion Daniel , Zhang Yu , Biggs Jason D. , Hua Weijie , Mukamel Shaul
Published: December 2013

Nonlinear all-X-ray signals that involve large core-atom separation compared to the X-ray wavelengths may not be described by the dipole approximation since they contain additional phase factors. Expressions for the rotationally averaged 2D X-ray photon echo signals from randomly oriented systems that take this position-dependent phase into account for arbitrary ratio between the core separation and the resonant wavelength are presented. Application is made to the Se K-edge of a selenium dipeptide system.
On the transient phase of the Faraday instability
Authors: Garih H. , Estivalezes J. L. , Casalis G.
Published: December 2013

This study pertains to the three-dimensional direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a vertically oscillating vessel containing an incompressible Newtonian liquid, surrounded by air at rest and ambient conditions. Squire's theorem was extended and shown to apply in this case, allowing for the theory of linear stability to be implemented and a comparison to be made with the DNS results. It was further discovered that the method by which a fluid instability is initiated in the numerical simulation affects the initial development of the instability. This phenomenon was confirmed through an optimal perturbations analysis. A possible physical explanation of this effect is also presented.
Direct numerical simulation of electrokinetic instability and transition to chaotic motion
Authors: Demekhin E. A. , Nikitin N. V. , Shelistov V. S.
Published: December 2013

A new type of instability—electrokinetic instability—and an unusual transition to chaotic motion near a charge-selective surface (semiselective electric membrane, electrode, or system of micro-/nanochannels) was studied by the numerical integration of the Nernst-Planck-Poisson-Stokes system and a weakly nonlinear analysis near the threshold of instability. A special finite-difference method was used for the space discretization along with a semi-implicit \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$3\frac{1}{3}$\end{document}313-step Runge-Kutta scheme for the integration in time. Two kinds of initial conditions were considered: (a) white-noise initial conditions to mimic “room disturbances” and subsequent natural evolution of the solution, and (b) an artificial monochromatic ion distribution with a fixed wave number to simulate regular wave patterns. The results were studied from the viewpoint of hydrodynamic stability and bifurcation theory. The threshold of electroconvective movement was found by the linear spectral stability theory, the results of which were confirmed by numerical simulation of the entire system. Our weakly nonlinear analysis and numerical integration of the entire system predict possibility of both kinds of bifurcations at the critical point, supercritical and subcritical, depending on the system parameters. The following regimes, which replace each other as the potential drop between the selective surfaces increases, were obtained: one-dimensional steady solution, two-dimensional steady electroconvective vortices (stationary point in a proper phase space), unsteady vortices aperiodically changing their parameters (homoclinic contour), periodic motion (limit cycle), and chaotic motion. The transition to chaotic motion does not include Hopf bifurcation. The numerical resolution of the thin concentration polarization layer showed spike-like charge profiles along the surface, which could be, depending on the regime, either steady or aperiodically coalescent. The numerical investigation confirmed the experimentally observed absence of regular (near-sinusoidal) oscillations for the overlimiting regimes. There is a qualitative agreement of the experimental and the theoretical values of the threshold of instability, the dominant size of the observed coherent structures, and the experimental and theoretical volt–current characteristics.
Plastic deformation and sintering of alumina under high pressure
Authors: Liu Fangming , He Duanwei , Liu Pingping , Wang Haikuo , Xu Chao , Yin Shuai , Yin Wenwen , Li Yong
Published: December 2013

Plastic deformation of alumina (Al2O3) under high pressure was investigated by observing the shape changes of spherical particles, and the near fully dense transparent bulks were prepared at around 5.5 GPa and 900 °C. Through analyzing the deformation features, densities, and residual micro-strain of the Al2O3 compacts prepared under high pressures and temperatures (2.0–5.5 GPa and 600–1200 °C), the effects of plastic deformation on the sintering behavior of alumina have been demonstrated. Under compression, the microscopic deviatoric stress caused by grain-to-grain contact could initiate the plastic deformation of individual particles, eliminate pores of the polycrystalline samples, and enhance the local atomic diffusion at the grain boundaries, thus produced transparent alumina bulks.
Note: Portable rare-earth element analyzer using pyroelectric crystal
Authors: Imashuku Susumu , Fuyuno Naoto , Hanasaki Kohei , Kawai Jun
Published: December 2013

We report a portable rare-earth element analyzer with a palm-top size chamber including the electron source of a pyroelectric crystal and the sample stage utilizing cathodoluminescence (CL) phenomenon. The portable rare-earth element analyzer utilizing CL phenomenon is the smallest reported so far. The portable rare-earth element analyzer detected the rare-earth elements Dy, Tb, Er, and Sm of ppm order in zircon, which were not detected by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. We also performed an elemental mapping of rare-earth elements by capturing a CL image using CCD camera.
Pressure-induced pseudoatom bonding collapse and isosymmetric phase transition in Zr2Cu: First-principles predictions
Authors: Ning Jinliang , Zhang Xinyu , Zhang Suhong , Sun Na , Wang Limin , Ma Mingzhen , Liu Riping
Published: December 2013

The structural evolution of tetragonal Zr2Cu has been investigated under high pressures up to 70 GPa by means of density functional theory. Our calculations predict a pressure-induced isosymmetric transition where the tetragonal symmetry (I4/mmm) is retained during the entire compression as well as decompression process while its axial ratio (c/a) undergoes a transition from ∼3.5 to ∼4.2 at around 35 GPa with a hysteresis width of about 4 GPa accompanied by an obvious volume collapse of 1.8% and anomalous elastic properties such as weak mechanical stability, dramatically high elastic anisotropy, and low Young's modulus. Crystallographically, the tetragonal axial ratio shift renders this transition analogous to a simple bcc-to-fcc structural transition, which implies it might be densification-driven. Electronically, the ambient Zr2Cu is uncovered with an intriguing pseudo BaFe2As2-type structure, which upon the phase transition undergoes an electron density topological change and collapses to an atomic-sandwich-like structure. The pseudo BaFe2As2-type structure is demonstrated to be shaped by hybridized dxz + yz electronic states below Fermi level, while the high pressure straight Zr-Zr bonding is accommodated by electronic states near Fermi level with dx2 − y2 dominant features.
Analysis of energy balance during collision of an air bubble with a solid wall
Authors: Zawala Jan , Dabros Tadeusz
Published: December 2013

The dynamics of bubble-wall collision is studied by means of numerical simulations to elucidate the mechanism of bubble rebound at a solid, no-slip wall in viscous liquid. Results obtained are compared with experimental data as well as data reported in the literature. Similarities and differences are discussed. Bubble trajectory, shape deformation, added mass variation as a function of distance from the wall, and relations between various forms of energy in the system during bubble impact, liquid film formation, and rebound are presented and analyzed. On the basis of this, collision time is quantitatively defined as a time interval during which pronounced changes of kinetic energy are observed. For a rising bubble colliding with a horizontal wall, series of collisions are observed, each associated with dissipation of kinetic energy, mainly in the thin film formed between the bubble and the wall.
Fast and gentle side approach for atomic force microscopy
Authors: Wessels W. A. , Broekmaat J. J. , Beerends R. J. L. , Koster G. , Rijnders G.
Published: December 2013

Atomic force microscopy is one of the most popular imaging tools with atomic resolution in different research fields. Here, a fast and gentle side approach for atomic force microscopy is proposed to image the same surface location and to reduce the time delay between modification and imaging without significant tip degradation. This reproducible approach to image the same surface location using atomic force microscopy shortly after, for example, any biological, chemical, or physical modification on a geometrically separated position has the potential to become widely used.
Elementary framework for cold field emission: Incorporation of quantum-confinement effects
Authors: Patterson A. A. , Akinwande A. I.
Published: December 2013

Although the Fowler-Nordheim (FN) equation serves as the foundation of cold field emission theory, it may not be suitable for predicting the emitted current density (ECD) from emitters with a quantum-confined electron supply. This work presents an analytical framework for treating cold field emission from metals that includes the effects of a quantum-confined electron supply. Within the framework, quantum confinement in emitters is classified into transverse and normal quantum confinement based on the orientation of the confinement relative to the emission direction. The framework is used to generate equations predicting the ECD from rectangular and cylindrical emitter geometries comprised of electron supplies of reduced dimensionality. Transverse quantum confinement of the electron supply leads to a reduction in the total ECD as transverse emitter dimensions decrease and normal quantum confinement results in an oscillatory ECD as a function of the normal quantum well width. Incorporating a geometry-dependent field enhancement factor into the model reveals an optimal transverse well width for which quantum confinement of the electron supply and field enhancement equally affect the ECD and a maximum total ECD for the emitter geometry at a given applied field is obtained. As a result, the FN equation over-predicts the ECD from emitters with transverse dimensions under approximately 5 nm, and in those cases, geometry-specific ECD equations incorporating quantum-confinement effects should be employed instead.
Exciton localization-delocalization transition in an extended dendrimer
Authors: Pouthier Vincent
Published: December 2013

Exciton-mediated quantum state transfer between the periphery and the core of an extended dendrimer is investigated numerically. By mapping the dynamics onto that of a linear chain, it is shown that a localization-delocalization transition arises for a critical value of the generation number Gc ≈ 5. This transition originates in the quantum interferences experienced by the excitonic wave due to the multiple scatterings that arise each time the wave tunnels from one generation to another. These results suggest that only small-size dendrimers could be used for designing an efficient quantum communication protocol.