bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intercellular calcium waves in cultured enteric glia from neonatal guinea pig
Authors: Zhang Weizhen , Segura Bradley J. , Lin Theodore R. , Hu Yuexian , Mulholland Michael W.
Published: March 2003

Enteric glia are important participants in information processing in the enteric nervous system. However, intercellular signaling mechanisms in enteric glia remain largely unknown. We postulated that intercellular calcium waves exist in enteric glia. Primary cultures of enteric glia were isolated from neonatal guinea pig taenia coli. Intracellular calcium in individual cells was quantified with fura‐2 AM microfluorimetry. Single‐cell stimulation was performed with a micromanipulator‐driven glass pipette. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM and analyzed by Student's t‐test. Mechanical stimulation of a single enteric glial cell resulted in an increase in intracellular calcium, followed by concentric propagation to 36% ± 3% of neighboring cells. Intercellular calcium waves were blocked by depletion of intracellular calcium stores with thapsigargin (1 μM). Pretreatment of enteric glia with the phospholipase C inhibitor U73122 (1 μM) significantly decreased the percentage of cells responding to mechanical stimulation (6% ± 4%), but had no effect on waves induced by microinjection of the inositol trisphosphate (67% ± 13% vs. 60% ± 4% for control). Antagonism of inositol trisphosphate receptor attenuated intercellular calcium waves induced by both mechanical stimulation and microinjection of inositol trisphosphate. Uncoupling of gap junctions with octanol or heptanol significantly inhibited intercellular calcium wave propagation. Pretreatment of enteric glia with apyrase partially attenuated intercellular calcium waves. Our data demonstrate that enteric glial cells are capable of transmitting increases in intracellular calcium to surrounding cells, and that intercellular calcium waves involve a sequence of intracellular and extracellular steps in which phospholipase C, inositol trisphosphate, and ATP play roles. GLIA 42:252–262, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of S‐100 protein is related to neuronal damage in MPTP‐treated mice
Authors: Muramatsu Yasuko , Kurosaki Rumiko , Watanabe Hijiri , Michimata Mari , Matsubara Mitsunobu , Imai Yutaka , Araki Tsutomu
Published: March 2003

S‐100β is a calcium‐binding protein expressed at high levels in brain and is known as a marker of brain damage. However, little is known about the role of S‐100β protein during neuronal damage caused by 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). To determine whether S‐100β protein is induced in glial cells after MPTP treatment, we investigated the expression of S‐100 protein immunohistochemically, using MPTP‐treated mice. We also examined the change of neurons and glial cells in mice after MPTP treatment. The present study shows that tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity decreased gradually in the striatum and substantia nigra from 1 day after MPTP treatment. Thereafter, TH‐immunopositive cells and fibers decreased in the striatum and substantia nigra at 3 days after MPTP treatment. In contrast, S‐100‐immunopositive cells and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)‐immunopositive cells increased markedly in the striatum and substantia nigra at 3 days after MPTP treatment. Seven days after MPTP treatment, S‐100‐immunopositive cells decreased in the striatum and substantia nigra. However, the number of GFAP‐immunopositive cells increased in these regions. In double‐labeled immunostaining with anti‐S‐100 and anti‐GFAP antibodies, S‐100 immunoreactivity was observed only in the GFAP‐positive astrocytes. These results provide evidence that astrocytic activation may play a role in the pathogenesis of MPTP‐induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, the present study demonstrates that S‐100 protein is expressed selectively by astrocytes, but not by microglia, after MPTP treatment. These results provide valuable information for the pathogenesis of the acute stage of Parkinson's disease. GLIA 42:307–313, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A follow‐up study of change in quality of life among persons with dementia residing in a long‐term care facility
Authors: Lyketsos Constantine G. , Gonzales‐Salvador Teresa , Chin Jing Jih , Baker Alva , Black Betty , Rabins Peter
Published: April 2003

Background:

Dementia is a major public health problem. Increased attention is being paid to the quality of life (QOL) of people with this chronic disease. There have been no longitudinal studies of QOL change in dementia.

Method

Longitudinal study of a cohort of 47 persons with dementia residing in a long‐term care facility. The QOL of participants was assessed at baseline using the Alzheimer's Disease Related Quality of Life (ADRQL) scale. At this time participants were also assessed on a series of other clinical measures. QOL was reassessed on the ADRQL scores two years later.

Results

There was small but significant mean decline in ADRQL over the two‐year study interval. However, for 49% of participants, ADRQL scores did not change or improved. Small but significant declines occurred in all ADRQL domains, with the exception of ‘feelings and mood’. Of the baseline variables assessed, only a lower baseline ADRQL score was associated with greater decline in ADRQL score at follow‐up. There was no association between sociodemographic variables, baseline ratings of dementia severity (MMSE), ADL impairment, behavioral impairment, and depression, or MMSE change during follow‐up and ADRQL decline.

Conclusions

Among long‐term care residents with dementia there is a small decline in QOL ratings over two years. However, for nearly half, QOL ratings stay the same or improve. The ADRQL is a sensitive measure of change in QOL and is appropriate for use as an outcome measure in intervention studies. The predictors of QOL change are complex and require further study. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discontinuation syndrome following donepezil cessation
Authors: Singh Shobha , Dudley Carole
Published: April 2003

We report two cases of discontinuation syndrome on cessation of donepezil treatment. The clinical presentations are described and diagnostic criteria is appendixed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction rules for computed tomography in the dementia assessment: do they predict clinical utility of CT?
Authors: Condefer Kelly A. , Haworth Judith , Wilcock Gordon K.
Published: April 2003

Neuroimaging is widely employed in the dementia assessment in refining clinical decision‐making. However, with rising interest in cost‐effective medical practice, efforts have been made in the literature to define clinical prediction rules that select for a subgroup of patients who would most likely benefit from neuroimaging. This short study examined the ability of a group of published clinical predictors to identify patients whose diagnoses or management would be influenced by CT scan results. The study finds that none of the published predictors bears a significant relationship to actual influence of CT scans in a group of memory clinic patients, highlighting the need for the development of clinical predictors for neuroimaging that will impact patient care. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Support in the community for people with dementia and their carers: a comparative outcome study of specialist mental health service interventions
Authors: Woods Robert T. , Wills Walter , Higginson Irene J. , Hobbins Joanne , Whitby Matthew
Published: April 2003

Background

This study aimed to evaluate outcomes for carers receiving the Admiral Nurse Service, a specialist mental health nursing service for carers of people with dementia. In contrast to many community mental health teams, it works primarily with the caregiver, focuses exclusively on dementia and offers continuing involvement, throughout the caregiving career, including emotional support, provision of information and coordination of practical support.

Method

104 carers of people with dementia who were interviewed as soon as possible after being referred to a number of Admiral Nurse (AN) services or conventional services in neighbouring areas, and who were re‐interviewed eight months later, form the sample (43 AN; 61 comparison).

Results

There were no significant differences between groups, controlling for initial score, on the primary outcome measure at follow‐up, the 28‐item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) or its sub‐scales, apart from anxiety and insomnia, where outcome was better for the AN group (p = 0.038). Follow‐up GHQ scores were associated with ratings of past and current relationship quality. There were no differences in survival in the community between the groups.

Conclusion

Both conventional and AN services are associated with lower distress scores over an eight‐month period. Outcome for people with dementia (in terms of institutional placement) is no worse in the AN group, despite the carer focus. Some support is provided for a model of dementia‐specialist service which engages with the caregiver and continues involvement for as long as is required, rather than simply carrying out an assessment and referring the person back to social services or primary care. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accuracy of CT scan measurements of the medial temporal lobe in routine dementia diagnostics
Authors: Oksengaard A. R. , Haakonsen M. , Dullerud R. , Engedal K. , Laake K.
Published: April 2003

Background

Atrophy of the medial part of the temporal lobe is seen in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We studied the usefulness of CT scan measurements of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in elderly with suspected dementia.

Methods

MTL measurements were done with callipers by three raters, blinded to the diagnosis and to each other, on scans from 110 subjects with suspected dementia from a memory clinic in Oslo, Norway and 36 participants included in the OPTIMA study, Oxford, England.

Results

The correlation between the MTL and the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) was very low, and there was a marked overlap between Alzheimer and cognitively unimpaired subjects. The inter–rater reliability was lower on the Norwegian than on the OPTIMA scans (R = 0.48 vs R = 0.68), but this was partly explained by larger MTL readings (4.5 mm after adjustment for age, gender and MMSE sumscore) on the OPTIMA scans as the reliability was confounded by MTL width and was higher at larger MTLs. A wider scan width (3 mm vs 2 mm in the OPTIMA scans) can also contribute to differences in reliability.

Conclusions

The published threshold values regarding the CT scan MTL measurements for the diagnosis of AD may be invalid when applied by other radiology departments without a local standardisation and validation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The efficacy of galantamine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: comparison of patients previously treated with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors to patients with no prior exposure
Authors: Mintzer J. E. , Kershaw P.
Published: April 2003

Background

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) can provide benefits at the cognitive, behavioral, and functional levels to patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). With more AChEIs now available, treatment considerations may include whether the patient has had prior exposure to an AChEI.

Objective

To compare the effects of galantamine in patients with AD who were previously exposed to AChEIs with its effects in patients with AD who had no previous exposure, using a post hoc analysis.

Results

Patients in groups treated with galantamine 16 mg/day and 24 mg/day achieved statistically significant improvements in ADAS‐cog/11 scores in comparison with those who received placebo (naive: p = 0.003 and 0.005, respectively; prior exposure: p < 0.001 and 0.001, respectively). Similarly, a greater number of patients treated with galantamine 16 mg/day and 24 mg/day exhibited no change or improvement in their CIBIC‐plus scores compared to patients who received placebo (naive: p < 0.001 and p = 0.077, respectively; prior exposure: p = 0.005 and p = 0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences in adverse events between naive patients and those with prior exposure to AChEIs.

Conclusions

Galantamine is effective and safe in patients with AD, regardless of previous exposure to AChEIs. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlation of neuropsychological evaluation and SPECT imaging in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lampl Yair , Sadeh Menahem , Laker Olga , Lorberboym Mordechai
Published: April 2003

Background

Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a very useful tool for diagnosing changes in cognitive functions by the general practitioner or other medical staff who is not familiar with neuropsychological tests. On the other hand, HMPAO brain SPECT has been shown to have a high sensitivity to detect neurodegenerative processes, which lead to dementia. The correlation between both methods is unknown. We compared both methods in order to find a rational evaluation tool for the practitioner to obtain a higher efficacy and cost effective way of using both methods.

Patients and Methods

Fifty‐one patients diagnosed as having Alzheimer's disease (AD) were examined. Each patient underwent MMSE analysis, as well as HMPAO brain SPECT. The severity of SPECT abnormalities was categorized into mild, moderate and severe. Statistical analysis was performed in order to evaluate the correlation between imaging findings and neuropsychological testing.

Results

Marginal inverse correlation was found between global MMSE SPECT imaging on right and left side (p = 0.05) and the left temporal region (p = 0.05). MMSE subgroup component of orientation was highly significantly inversely associated with SPECT imaging of right and left frontal region (p > 0.0001). The MMSE subgroup of immediate memory was significantly correlated to left and right temporal regions (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002 respectively). Age was not significantly correlated to global MMSE or any of its subtest components.

Conclusion

MMSE score has no linear correlation to SPECT perfusion findings. In cases of abnormal orientation score subgroup SPECT imaging is not recommended. In most instances, a combination of both methods should be employed by the general practitioner for further evaluation of dementia. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What to tell dementia caregivers—the rule of threes
Authors: Wald Claudia , Fahy Martin , Walker Zuzana , Livingston Gill
Published: April 2003

Objectives

To determine and prioritise what information dementia caregivers wish to know at the time of diagnosis and later on in the illness, and in what form this information should be presented.

Method

100 carers were recruited from community mental health teams (CMHT) and a memory clinic (MC). A semi‐structured Carer Interview was administered covering possible symptoms and management.

Results

Carers requested as much information as possible. There was no significant difference between CMHTs and the MC. After carers prioritised the information they wished to receive, we proposed a ‘rule of threes’. At diagnosis, carers want information about what dementia is, medications available and behavioural and psychiatric symptoms of dementia. In an early follow‐up appointment, they want information about services, the course of the illness and what to do in a crisis. In a later follow‐up appointment, they want information about support groups, benefits, and financial and legal issues. At a later stage, they want information about psychological therapies, the effects of the illness on carers and complementary treatments. Most carers wish to receive information from a health professional, backed up by written information.

Conclusions

The ‘rule of threes’ enables health professionals to make informed decisions about primacy of information and strategies to prevent carers becoming overloaded. Information should also be provided in written form and from support groups. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Utility of TICS‐M for the assessment of cognitive function in older adults
Authors: de Jager Celeste A. , Budge Marc M. , Clarke Robert
Published: April 2003

Background

Routine screening of high‐risk elderly people for early cognitive impairment is constrained by the limitations of currently available cognitive function tests. The Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status is a novel instrument for assessment of cognitive function that can be administered in person or by telephone.

Objective

To evaluate the determinants and utility of TICS‐M (13‐item modified version) for assessment of cognitive function in healthy elderly people.

Methods

The utility of TICS‐M was compared with more widely used MMSE and CAMCOG in a cross‐sectional survey of 120 older (62 to 89 years) UK adults.

Results

The TICS‐M cognitive test scores (27.97, SD 4.15) were normally distributed in contrast with those for MMSE and CAMCOG that had a negatively skewed distribution. TICS‐M scores were inversely correlated with age (r = −0.21) and with the NART fullscale IQ (r = −0.35), but were independent of years of education in this cohort. TICS‐M was highly correlated with MMSE (r = 0.57) and with CAMCOG (r = 0.62) scores. The time required to complete the test is comparable to MMSE and substantially less than CAMCOG.

Conclusions

The normal distribution of TICS‐M test scores suggest that this test is less constrained by the ceiling effect which limits the utility of MMSE and CAMCOG test scores in detecting early cognitive impairment. TICS‐M is an appropriate instrument to assess cognitive function in both research and in clinical practice. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Depression in vascular dementia
Authors: Naarding Paul , de Koning Inge , van Kooten Fop , Dippel Diederik W. J. , Janzing Joost G. E. , van der Mast Rose C. , Koudstaal Peter J.
Published: April 2003

Objective

To study the presence of different dimensions of depression in subjects with vascular dementia.

Background

After a stroke, cognitive, affective and behavioural disturbances are common. It has been suggested that the nature of affective symptomatology can help to differentiate organic from psychological depression.

Methods

Cognitive and affective symptoms were assessed in 78 stroke patients and a principal component analysis was performed on these symptoms. Also, a discriminant analysis was carried out to establish the contribution of different symptoms on the diagnosis ‘depressive disorder’ and ‘dementia’.

Results

(1) Principal component analysis revealed three distinct sub‐syndromes: one with predominantly mood symptoms, one with essentially psychomotor symptoms, and one with vegetative symptoms; (2) mood, psychomotor and vegetative symptoms were all independently and strongly related to a diagnosis of major depressive disorder according to DSM‐III‐R criteria; (3) the psychomotor factor was also firmly associated with dementia; and (4) discriminant analysis gave further support for our conclusion that some of the depressive features, in particular the psychomotor factor, are at least partly related to the organic brain damage from stroke.

Conclusion

The results indicate that different dimensions of depression could be discerned in a group of stroke patients and that the symptom profile of depression in these patients can be affected by the presence of dementia. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnosing dementia in a developing nation: an evaluation of the GMS‐AGECAT algorithm in an older Korean population
Authors: Kim Jae‐Min , Stewart Robert , Prince Martin , Shin Il‐Seon , Yoon Jin‐Sang
Published: April 2003

Background

Numbers of older people are increasing rapidly in many developing nations and there is a pressing need for epidemiological studies of psychiatric morbidity, particularly dementia. Valid methods for case identification are an important first step. The Geriatric Mental State (GMS) is a widely used diagnostic instrument but has received little formal evaluation in developing nations. The objective of this study was to investigate the screening properties of GMS organic disorder with respect to clinically diagnosed dementia in an older Korean population, about half of whom have received no formal education.

Methods

746 people aged 65+ in Kwangju, South Korea who were participants in a community survey of psychiatic morbidity, completed a GMS interview (with diagnoses assigned through the AGECAT computerised algorithm) and, independently, received a clinical assessment for dementia.

Results

GMS organic disorder was diagnosed in 262 participants (35%) and DSM‐IV dementia in 110 (15%). Increased age, female gender and lower education independently predicted disagreement between the two diagnoses. In these groups, GMS sensitivity to a clinical diagnosis of dementia remained high but specificity was markedly reduced.

Conclusions

Dementia may be overestimated in developing nations if the GMS‐AGECAT diagnosis of organic disorder is used alone. The validity of other diagnoses, such as affective disorder, may also be affected if the hierarchical diagnostic algorithm is used (i.e. where the diagnosis of organic disorder affects the likelihood of other diagnoses). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A pilot study on a home‐based caregiver training program for improving caregiver self‐efficacy and decreasing the behavioral problems of elders with dementia in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Huei‐Ling , Shyu Yea‐Ing Lotus , Chen Min‐Chi , Chen Sien‐Tsong , Lin Li‐Chan
Published: April 2003

Objective

To investigate the effectiveness of a home‐based caregiver training program for caregivers of elders with dementia and behavioral problems.

Methods

A prospective study was conducted in the communities of Northern Taiwan. Forty‐eight patients with dementia and their family caregivers were included. The experimental group (n = 24) received a two‐session in‐home caregiver training program, and the control group (n = 24) received only written educational materials. The Chinese version of Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI), community form, was used to measure the behavioral problems of patients with dementia. The caregiver's self‐efficacy, for managing the demented person's agitation, was measured by the Agitation Management Self‐efficacy Scale (AMSS). The CMAI and AMSS were administered before (baseline), three weeks (1st post‐test), and three months (2nd post‐test) after the two‐session training program.

Results

Except for the physically aggressive behavior subscale, the scores of physically non‐aggressive behavior, verbally aggressive and non‐aggressive behavior subscales as well as the overall CMAI decreased significantly and continuously in the experimental group and differed significantly from the changed scores from those in the control group (p < 0.05). Physically aggressive behaviors showed a decreasing trend for both groups. Scores of the Agitation Management Self‐Efficacy Scale and its subscales increased significantly and continuously in the experimental group in comparison to those in the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

This home‐based caregiver training program is helpful for decreasing problematic behaviors of elder people with dementia and it improves the caregiver's self‐efficacy for managing problematic behaviors. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are there inequities in the assessment of dementia under Japan's LTC insurance system?
Authors: Arai Y. , Zarit S. H. , Kumamoto K. , Takeda A.
Published: April 2003

Background

Just two years after its inception, Japan's Long‐term Care (LTC) insurance system is facing considerable criticism about whether or not it has developed a fair and appropriate way of allocating resources to the nation's disabled elderly population, especially those people with dementia.

Objective

The present study has investigated: (i) the relation of the Government‐Certified Disability Index (GCDI) of the LTC insurance system to characteristics of people with dementia and their family caregivers; and (ii) whether the GCDI scores adequately reflect needs of people with DAT (dementia of Alzheimer's type) and VD (vascular‐type dementia).

Methods

Subjects were assessed on their visits to outpatient clinics for their Activities of Daily Living (ADL), behavioural disturbances, MMSE, GCDI, service utilization and caregiver burden. Correlation analyses were conducted to examine the relationships among these variables, which were subsequently compared between the DAT and VD patients.

Results and Conclusions

The GCDI was found to be associated with patients' ADLs and MMSE scores, and not with behavioural disturbances or caregiver burden. Compared to VD patients, people with DAT tended to have more behavioural disturbances but better ADL functioning. As a result, DAT patients were classified as ‘less disabled’ on their GCDI than VD patients, even though their caregivers felt as much burden as the caregivers of VD patients. These results show that the GCDI probably underestimates the impact of behaviour problems. Suggestions are made for a more balanced assessment of demented patients that is more consistent with their needs. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereoselective synthesis of 1,4,2‐oxazaphosphorines as precursors of chiral α‐aminophosphonic acids by intramolecular heterocyclization of β‐aldiminoalkylphosphites
Authors: Dimukhametov Mudaris N. , Bajandina Eugenija V. , Davydova Elena Yu. , Litvinov Igor A. , Gubaidullin Aidar T. , Dobrynin Alexey B. , Zyablikova Tatyana A. , Alfonsov Vladimir A.
Published: March 2003

The intramolecular version of nucleophilic additon of phosphites to imines was carried out for the first time taking as an example β‐aldiminoalkylphosphites, formed from chlorophosphites and β‐aldiminoalcohols [N‐(benzylidene)‐2‐aminoethanol and R‐(+)‐N‐(benzylidene)‐2‐aminobutanol‐1]. In these reactions, stereoisomeric 1,4,2‐oxazaphosphorines were obtained in good yields. R‐(+)‐N‐(benzylidene)‐2‐aminobutanol‐1 being used as a precursor, nucleophilic attack by P(III) atom on electrophilic C atom of the CN group proceeds stereospecifically with participation of only re‐face of the two possible diastereotopic faces of the imine double bond to give the epimeric at phosphorus (3R,5R)‐2‐(β‐chloroethyl)‐2‐oxo‐3‐phenyl‐5‐ethyl‐1,4,2‐oxazaphosphorines as precursors of nonracemic α‐aminophosphonic acids. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:56–61, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10054
A convenient synthesis of 5‐(O,O‐dialkylphosphoryl)‐4‐aryl‐3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones
Authors: Gong Denghuang , Zhang Ling , Yuan Chengye
Published: March 2003

A general and convenient route for the synthesis of dihydropyrimidines bearing the phosphoryl moiety by a one‐pot cyclocondensation involving aldehydes, urea, and O,O‐dialkyl‐2‐oxo‐propanephosphonates, using ytterbium triflate as catalyst, is reported. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:13–17, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10058
Synthesis and characterization of diphenylmethyltin(IV) mono‐, di‐, and trichloroacetate
Authors: Amini Mostafa Mohammadpour , Yousefi Mohammad
Published: March 2003

Diphenylmethyltin(IV) mono‐, di‐, and trichloroacetate have been synthesized and characterized by infrared, 1H, 13C, 119Sn NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Infrared spectroscopy indicates that the prepared organotin carboxylates possess chain polymer structures. NMR data show that the mono‐ and dichloro derivatives do not retain the solid state structure in solution. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:18–22, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10059
Reaction of ω‐carbonyl substituted 1,3,3‐trimethyl‐2‐methyleneindolines with phosphorus(III) halides
Authors: Chekotylo Alexej A. , Kostyuk Alexandr N. , Pinchuk Alexandr M. , Tolmachev Andrej A.
Published: March 2003

The phosphorylation of N‐benzoyl‐2‐(1,3,3‐trimethyl‐2‐methyleneindoline)acetamide (2) and ω‐(3‐dimethylamino)benzoyl‐1,3,3‐trimethyl‐2‐methyleneindoline (6) with phosphorus(III) halides resulted in the formation of 2,3‐dihydro‐4H‐1,5,2‐oxazaphosphinin‐4‐one and 1,2‐dihydro‐3H‐phosphindol‐3‐one systems, respectively. The properties of the obtained compounds were studied. Further cyclization of 1,2‐dihydro‐3H‐phosphindol‐3‐one into dihydrophosphindolo[3,2‐c]pyrazole was carried out. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:23–28, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10060
Theoretical and synthetic approach to novel spiroheterocycles derived from isatin derivatives and L‐proline via 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition
Authors: Pardasani R. T. , Pardasani P. , Chaturvedi V. , Yadav S. K. , Saxena A. , Sharma I.
Published: March 2003

A cyclic secondary α‐amino acid, viz. L‐proline, reacts with isatin derivatives via decarboxylative azomethine ylide formation and subsequent cycloaddition with various dipolarophiles to give cycloadducts in moderate to good yield. Theoretical studies have been performed to study the stereochemistry of the products formed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:36–41, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10063
Diastereospecific synthesis of (S,S)‐2‐substituted‐4,4‐diphenyl‐3, 1‐oxazabicyclo[3.3.0]octanes
Authors: Zuo Gang , Zhang Qihan , Xu Jiaxi
Published: March 2003

(S,S)‐2‐Substituted‐4,4‐diphenyl‐3,1‐oxazabicyclo[3.3.0]octanes were synthesized diaster‐eospecifically from aldehydes and (S)‐2‐(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine, which was obtained from L‐proline, under acid‐catalyzed conditions in anhydrous toluene. The stereospecificity of the condensation reaction is discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:42–45, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10064
Novel cyclization of dimeric dianions of anils or aldehydes with triphosgene: A safe and efficient synthesis of substituted imidazolidin‐2‐ones and 4,5‐diaryl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐ones
Authors: Li Zhifang , Zhang Yongmin
Published: March 2003

The reaction of Schiff bases or aldehydes with samarium diiodide in dry THF, followed by addition of triphosgene, gives substituted imidazolidin‐2‐ones and 4,5‐diaryl–1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐ones, respectively, in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:46–49, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10065
Report on the 28th symposium on heteroatom chemistry of the chemical society of Japan
Authors: Sugihara Yoshiaki , Ishii Akihiko , Nakayama Juzo
Published: March 2003

The 28th domestic Symposium on Heteroatom Chemistry of the Chemical Society of Japan was held at Saitama Culture Center in Saitama during the period of December 12–14, and about 250 chemists from various academic institutes and industries took part in the symposium. There were four plenary lectures, 44 oral presentations, and 52 poster presentations. The present article describes abstracts of the plenary lectures and graphical abstracts of oral presentations. Titles of poster presentations are also given. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:1–12, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10073
A Stepwise one‐pot synthesis of aryl N‐phosphonamidothionate derivatives of nucleosides
Authors: Miao Zhi‐Wei , Fu Hua , Tu Guang‐Zhong , Zhu Ji‐Gang , Ai Hui‐Wang , Zhao Yu‐Fen
Published: March 2003

Novel aryl N‐phosphonamidothionate derivatives of nucleosides as membrane‐soluble prodrugs of bioactive free nucleotides have been prepared by phosphochloridothioate chemistry. Unprotected nucleosides, for example uridine and adenosine, were used; phosphorylation took place selectively at the 5′‐position. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:62–66, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10080
Intramolecular monodealkylation during the attempted synthesis of diethylphosphonoacetohydroxamic acid
Authors: Chen Ravit , Breuer Eli
Published: March 2003

The reaction of diethyl methyl phosphonoacetate (1) with hydroxylamine in NaOH solution resulted in the loss of one of the phosphorus ethyl groups, and yielded monoethylphosphonoacetohydroxamic acid (2) as the major product (79%) and diethylphosphonoacetic acid (3) as the minor product (21%). A series of control experiments were carried out to elucidate the sequence of the reactions leading to 2. When the reaction of 1 with NH2OH was carried out in NaHCO3 solution, a transient product 4 was also observed, which slowly transformed to 2. Compound 4 was assigned the structure diethylphosphonoacetohydroxamic acid. There was no dealkylation observed at the phosphorus when 1 was reacted with methoxylamine or when O‐methyl diethylphosphonoacetohydroxamate (7) was placed in alkaline solution. The dealkylation at phosphorus was interpreted in terms of intramolecular nucleophilic catalysis by the hydroxamic OH group attacking the phosphorus in 4, involving cyclic 1,2,5‐oxazaphospholidine intermediates. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:67–71, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10082
Reactions of tris(2‐pyridyl)phosphine oxides with electrophiles: Formation of 5‐substituted 2,2′‐bipyridyls
Authors: Uchida Yuzuru , Matsumoto Masami , Kawamura Haruyasu
Published: March 2003

The reaction of tris(2‐pyridyl)phosphine oxides with benzeneselenenyl chloride in methanol gave the corresponding 5‐phenylseleno‐2,2′‐bipyridyls together with a small amount of 2,2′‐bipyridyls. Similarly, the reaction with arenesulfenyl chlorides in aqueous acetonitrile afforded two kinds of coupling products, 5‐phenylthio‐2,2′‐bipyridyls and 2,2′‐bipyridyls. While in the reaction with arenesulfinyl chlorides in aqueous acetonitrile, four corresponding bipyridyl derivatives, 2,2′‐bipyridyls, 5‐arylthio‐2,2′‐bipyridyls, 5‐arylsulfinyl‐2,2′‐bipyridyls, and 5‐arylsulfonyl‐2,2′‐bipyridyls, were formed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:72–81, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10085
Regioselective synthesis of 1,2,4‐triazol‐3(2H)‐ones and their 3(2H)‐thiones: Kinetic studies and selective pyrolytic deprotection
Authors: Al‐Awadi Nouria A. , Ibrahim Yehia A. , Kaul Kamini , Dib Hicham
Published: March 2003

Selective pyrolytic deprotection of 2‐ethyl and 2‐cyanoethyl‐4‐arylidenimino‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3(2H)‐ones and their 3(2H)‐thiones was studied by flash vacuum pyrolysis. This study is useful in regioselective synthesis of 2‐ and 4‐substituted 1,2,4‐triazoles of potential biological applications. The kinetic results and product analysis lend support to a reaction pathway involving a six‐membered transition state. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:50–55, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10086
1,1′,3,3′‐Tetraalkyl‐2,2′‐biperimidinylidenes: Unexpected substituent effects on the reactivity of carbon–carbon double bond
Authors: Alıcı Bülent , Hökelek Tuncer , Çetinkaya Engin , Çetinkaya Bekir
Published: March 2003

C2 deprotonation of 1,3‐dibutylperimidinium bromide (1a) with sodium hydride and a catalytic amount of potassium tert‐butoxide in dry THF led to the formation of the exceptionally inert tetraaminoalkene 2a. In contrast, isostructural tetrakis(2‐methoxyethyl)‐tetraaminoalkene (2b) instantaneously reacted with O2 to yield urea 3b, and silver nitrate was readily reduced with 2b to form a silver mirror. Compound 2a has been characterized by X‐ray diffraction studies; the naphtho‐pyrimidine skeleton imposes structural constraints and some rigidity to the CC bonding. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:82–87, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10088
Preparation, structure, and optical properties of chiral sulfoxides and disulfoxide with a trithiole ring
Authors: Kimura Takeshi , Hanzawa Masayuki , Ogawa Satoshi , Sato Ryu , Fujii Takayoshi , Kawai Yasushi
Published: March 2003

Optically active 4,9‐diethyl[1,4]‐dithiino[5,6‐f]benzo[1,2,3]trithiole 5‐oxide (3) and 4,9‐diethyl[1,4]dithiino[5,6‐f]benzo[1,2,3]trithiole 5,8‐dioxide (4) were obtained by the asymmetric oxidation of 6,11‐diethyl[1,4]dithiino[5,6‐h]benzo[1,2,3,4,5]pentathiepin (1). The reaction was accompanied by desulfurization and ring‐contraction reactions of the pentathiepin ring. Similarly, optically active 4,8‐diethyl[1,3]dithiolo[4,5‐f]benzo[1,2,3]trithiole 5‐oxide (7) was produced by the analogous asymmetric oxidation of 6,10‐diethyl[1,3]dithiolo[4,5‐h]benzo[1,2,3,4,5]pentathiepin (2). The specific rotations of 3, 4, and 7 were measured in chloroform, and their optical purity was verified by 1H NMR with a shift reagent [Eu(hfc)3]. The structures of 4 and 7 were determined by X‐ray crystallography using Cu Kα radiation, and the absolute configuration of the sulfinyl group was examined based on the Flack parameter, which revealed that 4 has an RR configuration, while 7 has an S configuration. The circular dichroism spectra of 3, 4, and 7 were measured in chloroform. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:88–94, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10104
Convenient synthesis of bisphosphonomethylphosphoric acid
Authors: Gagnard Valérie , Leydet Alain , Barragan Véronique , Montero Jean‐Louis
Published: March 2003

The reaction of phosgene or triphosgene with trimethylsilyl dialkylphosphites led to bisdialkylphosphonomethyl‐dialkylphosphates in good yields. The cleavage of the allyl ester was carried out under mild conditions using the Wilkinson catalyst. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:111–113, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10105
5‐Chloro‐3‐methylthio‐1,2,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐ium chlorides as useful synthetic precursors to a variety of 6aλ4‐thiapentalene systems
Authors: Morel Georges , Marchand Evelyne , Sinbandhit Sourisak , Toupet Loic
Published: March 2003

Title salts 3 were easily obtained by treatment of formimidoyl isothiocyanates 1 with a twofold excess of methanesulfenyl chloride. They showed interesting chemical behavior toward several nitrogen and carbon nucleophiles. Substitution reactions with isothioureas and acetamide in the presence of triethylamine gave the 1H, 6H‐6aλ4‐thia‐1,3,4,6‐tetraazapentalenes 7 and 6H‐6aλ4‐thia‐1‐oxa‐3,4,6‐triazapentalene 9, respectively. Addition of p‐toluidine furnished the 5‐imino‐thiadiazole derivatives 10, which reacted further with diverse heterocumulenes to yield the corresponding thiatriaza‐ and tetraazapentalene species 11. The N,N′‐bis(1,2,4‐thiadiazol‐5‐ylidene)diaminobenzenes 13 were also prepared and reacted with phenyl isothiocyanate. Two stable rotational isomers were separated for the 1,2‐phenylene product 14b. Other π‐hypervalent sulfur compounds 16 were synthesized under similar conditions from salts 3 and methyl cyanoacetate or dimethyl malonate. The structural assignments were discussed on the basis of IR and NMR spectroscopic data and received additional support from X‐ray analysis of substrate 16a. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:95–105, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10106
Heterocyclic synthesis containing bridgehead nitrogen atom: Synthesis of 3‐[(2H)‐2‐oxobenzo[b]pyran‐3‐yl]‐s‐triazolo[3,4‐b]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazine and thiazole derivatives
Authors: Raslan M. A. , Khalil M. A.
Published: March 2003

The reaction of 2H‐2‐oxobenzo[b]pyran‐3‐hydrazide (2) with carbon disulfide in basic DMF afforded potassium thiocarbamate 3, which readily underwent heterocyclization upon its reaction with hydrazine and/or phenacyl bromide to yield 1,2,4‐tiazole (4) and thiazole 7 derivatives, respectively. Condensation of 4 with substituted phenacyl bromide and/or chloranil gave 1,2,4‐triazole[3,4‐b]thiadiazine (5a,b) and 3,10‐bis‐[2H‐2‐oxobenzo[b]pyran‐3‐yl]‐6,13‐dichloro‐bis‐1,2,4‐triazolo[3,4‐b]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazino[5′,6′‐b:5′,6′‐e]cyclohexa‐1,4‐diene (6), respectively. Cyclization of thiosemicarbazide 10 by refluxing it in sodium hydroxide and/or phosphoryl chloride afforded triazole 13 and thiadiazole 15 derivatives, respectively. Also, 10 reacted with phenacyl bromide in the presence of anhydrous sodium acetate to give the oxothiazolidine derivative 17. The structure of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by elemental analyses, IR, 1H NMR, and mass spectra. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:114–120, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10109
Syntheses of cyanoselenoamides and diselenoamides: Conversion into selenazoles and selenazines
Authors: Koketsu Mamoru , Takenaka Yuichi , Ishihara Hideharu
Published: March 2003

Reactions of dicyano compounds with a potassium selenocarboxylate afforded the corresponding cyanoselenoamides and diselenoamides in good yields of experimentally determined ratios. The obtained cyanoselenoamides were allowed to react with potassium selenocarboxylate, again to afford the corresponding diselenoamides in higher yields. The cyanoselenoamides and diselenoamides were investigated as substrates for preparations of selenazoles and selenazines. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:106–110, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10111
Complexes of diethyl‐2‐amino‐2‐oxoethylphosphonate with lanthanide nitrates
Authors: Petrova Jordanka , Momchilova Snezana , Vassilev Nikolay G. , Haupt Erhard T. K.
Published: March 2003

Lanthanide complexes LnL2(NO3)3 3a–f are obtained where Ln is La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Er, and Yb and L is the diethyl 2‐amino‐2‐oxoethylphosphonate. They were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and NMR spectroscopy. Monodentate coordination by the phosphoryl group is suggested for the ligand on the basis of the spectral data. The stabilization is achieved by including a molecule of the solvent in the complexes 3a–d. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:128–131, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10112
Efficient synthesis and dehydration reaction of trichloromethylated 2‐(3‐phenyl‐5‐hydroxy‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)‐4‐aryl‐5‐alkylthiazoles
Authors: Bonacorso Helio G. , Muniz Mauro N. , Wastowski Arci D. , Zanatta Nilo , Martins Marcos A. P.
Published: March 2003

A convenient method for the synthesis of a novel series of 11, specifically substituted, noncondensed 5,5‐bicycles 2‐[3‐phenyl‐5‐hydroxy‐5‐trichloromethyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl]‐4‐aryl‐5‐alkylthiazoles (3a–k; 65–94% yield) from the reactions of 3‐phenyl‐5‐hydroxy‐5‐trichloromethyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐1‐pyrazolethiocarboxyamide (1) with substituted 2‐bromo‐4′‐acetophenones (2a–f) and 2‐bromo‐4′‐propiophenones (2g–k) is reported. Dehydration of compounds 3a–k with a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid/chloroform furnished the corresponding 2‐[3‐phenyl‐5‐trichloromethyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl]‐4‐aryl‐5‐alkylthiazoles (4a–k) in good yields (61–93%). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:132–137, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10113
Arylation reaction of N‐dichlorophosphoryl‐P‐trichlorophosphazene
Authors: Arslan M. , Aslan F. , Ozturk A. I.
Published: March 2003

The reactions of N‐dichlorophosphoryl‐P‐trichlorophosphazene (Cl3PNPOCl2) with phenylmagnesium chloride, o‐tolylmagnesium chloride, p‐tolylmagnesium chloride, p‐chlorophenylmagnesium chloride, 2‐mesitylmagnesium bromide, and 2‐thienyl lithium were studied. The resulting pentaaryl phosphazenes R3PNP(O)R2 were separated by using column chromatography, their structures were defined by IR, elemental analysis, 1H, 13C, 31P NMR, and mass spectroscopy. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:138–143, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10114
Organotin(IV) complexes of N‐[(2Z)‐3‐hydroxy‐1‐methyl‐2‐butenylidene]glycine
Authors: Basu Baul Tushar S. , Dutta Sushmita , Masharing Cheerfulman , Rivarola Eleonora , Englert Ulli
Published: March 2003

Organotin(IV) derivatives of N‐[(2Z)‐3‐hydroxy‐1‐methyl‐2‐butenylidene]glycine have been synthesized and characterized by 1H, 13C, 119Sn NMR, 119Sn Mössbauer, and IR spectroscopy along with elemental analyses. The di‐ and triorganotin(IV) complexes were readily obtained from the reactions of organotin halides and sodium/potassium N‐[(2Z)‐3‐hydroxy‐1‐methyl‐2‐butenylidene]glycinate. The diorganotin compound reacted with Ph3SnCl in refluxing benzene to give the mixed organotin dinuclear complex of composition Ph2Sn(2‐OC(CH3)‐C(H)C(CH3)NCH2COO)·Ph3SnCl, which was characterized by single crystal X‐ray structure determination. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:149–154, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10116
Studies on reactivity of ketosulfones
Authors: Padmavathi V. , Sarma M. Rajagopala , Reddy K. Venugopal , Padmaja A. , Reddy D. Bhaskar
Published: March 2003

The cycloaddition of diazomethane, cyclocondensation of hydrazine hydrate, and cyclopropanation of TMSOI to 1‐aroyl‐2‐styrylsulfonylethenes were studied and different novel products thereby obtained were characterized with spectral parameters. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:155–159, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10117
The σ‐donating and π‐accepting properties of ortho‐Si(CH3)3 phosphinine macrocycles
Authors: Ferro V. R. , Omar S. , González‐Jonte R. H. , García de la Vega J. M.
Published: March 2003

A theoretical investigation of both the ortho‐Si(CH3)3 phosphinine and some silacalix[n]phosphinines was performed. The optimized geometries agree well with those reported from X‐ray analysis and other structural studies. The silacalix[n]phosphinine macrocyle is very flexible because of the CSiC bridges. This, in turn, makes possible the formation of strained configurations in solid packed structures. In the silacalix[3]phosphinine, a PP bonding interaction that is presumably responsible for its structural and electronic features seems to exist. The molecular orbital calculations corroborate that both the π‐accepting properties and the σ‐donating capacities of the phosphinine unit may be enhanced by ortho‐Si(CH3)3 substitution. These features satisfy the proposal of the synthesizers as regards the production of macrocyclic phosphorus compounds, with good π‐accepting properties and strong σ‐donating capacities, which are sufficiently flexible as to encapsulate metals with coordination spheres of different geometries. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:160–169, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10118
Diels–alder reactions of anthracenes with C‐sulfonyldithioformates
Authors: El‐Sayed Ibrahim , Ali Omar M. , Fischer Andreas , Senning Alexander
Published: March 2003

C‐Sulfonyldithioformates (2) (R1 = ArSO2, R2 = ArS) readily add to anthracene and 9‐methylanthracene (1) in a Diels–Alder fashion with formation of 9,10‐dihydro‐10,9‐(epithiomethano)anthracenes (3) which in turn may suffer thermally induced elimination of arenesulfinic acid to yield the 9‐anthracenedithiocarboxylic esters (4). The reactions with the unsymmetrical diene 9‐methylanthracene take place in a highly stereoselective fashion. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:170–174, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10119