bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Nasal Contour Landmarks in Septorhinoplasties with Special Regard to the Course of Postoperative Swelling Using a Three-Dimensional Camera
Authors: Storck Katharina , Eufinger Julia , Kotz Sebastian , Classen Carolina , Ritschl Lucas M.
Published: June 2024

The integration of three-dimensional (3D) cameras into clinical practice for pre-operative planning and post-operative monitoring of rhinoplasties remains controversial. However, this technology offers the advantage of capturing the 3D surface without exposing patients to potentially harmful radiation. Continuous assessment allows the follow-up of swelling patterns, cartilage alignment, and bone remodeling. The primary objective of our study was to quantify changes in nasal structure before and after rhinoplasty by using 3D photography. Our study cohort consisted of 29 patients who underwent open structural rhinoplasty. We used the Artec Space Spider camera to acquire a total of 103 3D images. We collected pre-operative and at least two or three post-operative follow-up scans, which were taken one, three, and six months after surgery. We evaluated paired scans that included various time intervals to improve our understanding of swelling behavior and to ensure an objective analysis of changes. Eleven specific anatomical landmarks were identified for measurement. Two independent raters determined the distances between these landmarks over time. The calculation of intraclass correlation coefficients showed low inter-rater variability. Statistically significant changes over time (p < 0.05) were observed for various anatomical landmarks, including soft tissue nasion, soft tissue orbitale right, soft tissue maxillofrontale left, soft tissue maxillofrontale right, nasal bridge, and nasal break point. Conversely, no significant changes (p > 0.05) were observed in the measurements of soft tissue orbitale left, pronasale, subnasale, alare right, or alare left. A visual assessment was conducted using surface distance maps. The results indicate that the complete decrease in swelling takes at least 6 months or even longer. Additionally, 3D photography can provide an objectively comparable analysis of the face and external contours. Furthermore, it allows for a comparison of external contours and therefore pre- and post-operative differences.
The Impact of Plant Essential Oils on the Growth of the Pathogens Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium solani, and Phytophthora pseudocryptogea
Authors: Christova Petya K. , Dobreva Ana M. , Dzhurmanski Anatoli G. , Dincheva Ivayla N. , Dimkova Stela D. , Zapryanova Nadejda G.
Published: June 2024

Essential oils (EOs) extracted from aromatic and medicinal plants have the potential to inhibit the growth of various pathogens and, thus, be useful in the control of dangerous diseases. The application of environmentally friendly approaches to protect agricultural and forestry ecosystems from invasive and hazardous species has become more significant in last decades. Therefore, the identification and characterization of essential oils with a strong inhibitory activity against aggressive and widespread pathogens are of key importance in plant protection research. The main purpose of our study is to evaluate the impact of essential oils originating from different genotypes of bee balm, mint, and marigold on Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium solani, and Phytophthora pseudocryptogea. Twelve essential oils, including five EOs originating from Monarda fistulosa, one oil each from Monarda russeliana, Mentha longifolia, Mentha piperita, Tagetes patula, and Tagetes erecta, and two EOs from Tagetes tenuifolia were derived by steam or water distillation. The chemical composition of the tested EOs was determined by GS-MS analyses and their corresponding chemotypes were identified. The most effective against all three pathogens were determined to be the EOs originating from M. fistulosa and M. russeliana. B. cinerea, and P. pseudocryptogea were also significantly affected by the M. piperita essential oil. The most efficient EOs involved in this investigation and their potential to control plant pathogens are discussed.
Comparative Assessment of the Addictive Potential of Synthetic Cathinones by Zebrafish Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) Paradigm
Authors: Chen Liao-Chen , Chan Ming-Huan , Chen Hwei-Hsien
Published: June 2024

Synthetic cathinones have gained increasing popularity in the illicit drug market, yet their abuse potential remains poorly understood. In this study, zebrafish were used to compare the addictive potential of three cathinone analogs, namely pentylone, eutylone, and N-ethylpentylone (NEP). The zebrafish received various doses (0 to 60 mg/kg) of the cathinone analogs by oral gavage over two sessions per day for two consecutive days to induce conditioned place preference (CPP). Pentylone, eutylone, and NEP dose-dependently induced CPP, with NEP showing significantly higher CPP than pentylone and eutylone at the dose of 20 mg/kg. The fish that received 60 mg/kg of cathinones underwent extinction, followed by reinstatement triggered by drug priming. NEP required six sessions to meet the criteria of extinction, followed by eutylone, which required four sessions, and pentylone, which required three sessions. Furthermore, NEP and eutylone at a dose of 40 mg/kg could reinstate the extinguished CPP, while 60 mg/kg of pentylone was necessary for CPP reinstatement. The persistence of susceptibility to reinstatement was also assessed at 7 and 14 days after the initial reinstatement. The CPP induced by all three cathinone analogs could be reinstated 7 days after the initial reinstatement, whereas only CPP induced by NEP, but not pentylone and eutylone, could be reinstated again after 14 days. Considering the potency to induce CPP, resistance to extinction, and the propensity for reinstatement, the abuse liability rank order of the cathinone analogs might be as follows: NEP > eutylone > pentylone. These findings suggest that the zebrafish CPP paradigm can serve as a viable model for assessing the relative abuse liability of substances.
Bonding Efficiency between Artificial Teeth and Denture Base in CAD/CAM and Conventional Complete Removable Dentures
Authors: Dimitrova Mariya , Vlahova Angelina , Hristov Ilian , Kazakova Rada
Published: June 2024

A common challenge encountered with both traditional and digitally produced dentures involves the extraction of artificial teeth from the denture base. This narrative review seeks to present an updated perspective on the adherence of synthetic teeth for denture base materials, employing diverse methods. Dental technicians often employ chemical approaches and mechanical techniques (including abrasion, laser treatment, and abrasive blasting) to augment the retention of denture teeth. However, the efficacy of these treatments remains uncertain. In certain instances, specific combinations of Denture Base Resin (DBR) materials and artificial teeth exhibit improved performance in conventional heat-cured dentures following these treatments. The primary reasons for failure are attributed to material incompatibility and inadequate copolymerization. As new denture fabrication techniques and materials continue to emerge, further research is imperative to identify optimal tooth-DBR combinations. Notably, 3D-printed tooth–DBR combinations have demonstrated reduced bond strength and less favorable failure patterns, while utilizing milled and traditional combinations appears to be a more prudent choice until advancements in additive manufacturing enhance the reliability of 3D-printing methods.
Effects of Curing Temperature on Expansion of Concrete Due to ASR
Authors: Yang Yongfu , Deng Min , Mo Liwu , Li Wei
Published: June 2024

In the laboratory study of alkali–silica reaction (ASR), models attempt to predict the service life of concrete due to ASR by correlating the performance of concrete at high and low temperatures. However, the consequences of elevating temperature are not so encouraging. In this paper, the influence of temperature on the expansion of 2-graded concrete and 3-graded concrete caused by ASR was investigated by curing the concrete under different temperatures ranging from 40 °C to 80 °C. Increased temperature resulted in rapid expansion at the early stages, but the expansion rate of concrete prisms cured at the higher temperatures (70 °C and 80 °C) was slowed down at the later stages, and concrete prisms cured at 50 °C or 60 °C showed the highest expansions during the experimental period. The chemical analysis results of the pore solution expressed from the concrete show that the ASR expansion is significantly influenced by the [OH−]: the decrease in [OH−] leads to the retardation of the ASR expansion. The decrease in [OH−] is attributed to the consumption of OH− ions for the alkali–silica reaction and the decrease in activity of NaOH(aq) influenced by the temperature. For large cross-section specimens, the OH− within the concrete for alkali–silica reactions cannot be effectively compensated by the external alkali solution. In the accelerated test to evaluate ASR for large cross-section specimens, a curing temperature of less than 60 °C is suggested. This study provides critical insights into the temperature dependency of ASR expansion of concrete, offering a curing temperature range for developing predictive models of ASR expansion under varied environmental conditions.
Thin Layers of Cerium Oxynitride Deposited via RF Sputtering
Authors: Numpaque Gloria Carolina , Bethencourt Manuel , Cubillos Gloria Ivonne
Published: June 2024

Thin films of transition metal oxides and oxynitrides have proven highly effective in protecting stainless steels against corrosion in both chemically aggressive environments and biological fluids. In the present work, cerium zirconium oxynitride thin films were deposited to enhance the corrosion resistance of surgical-grade stainless steel to be used in osteosynthesis processes. Two techniques were employed: co-sputtering and radiofrequency (RF) sputtering, and the morphology and corrosion efficiency of the coatings deposited by each technique were evaluated. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and field emission transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the morphological and chemical structure, respectively. Additionally, the corrosion resistance of the oxynitride-coated surgical grade stainless steel system (ZrCeOxNy-AISI 316L) was assessed using Hank’s solution as the corrosive electrolyte, to determine its resistance to corrosion in biological media. The results show that ZrCeOxNy coatings increase the corrosion resistance of surgical grade stainless steel by two orders of magnitude and that the Ce(III)/Ce(IV) equilibrium decreases the corrosion rate, thereby increasing the durability of the steel in a biological environment. The results show that Ce coatings increase the corrosion resistance of surgical grade stainless steel by two orders of magnitude and that the Ce(III)/Ce(IV) equilibrium decreases the corrosion rate, thereby increasing the durability of the steel in a biological environment.
Evaluation of Ammonium Nitrate(V) Morphology and Porosity Obtained by SEM and Tomography Imaging
Authors: Biessikirski Andrzej , Kaczmarczyk Grzegorz Piotr , Kuterasiński Łukasz , Kolano Malwina , Pytlik Mateusz
Published: June 2024

This paper presents an evaluation of the morphology of fertilizer-grade and prill-grade ammonium nitrate(V). All samples were analyzed using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and tomography techniques. The XRD results revealed that despite various provenances, all samples exhibited similar Pmmm symmetry and diffraction patterns. SEM images indicated that prill ammonium nitrate(V) showed a more complex external and internal crystal structure than fertilizer-grade counterparts. Furthermore, tomography analysis revealed that each prill ammonium nitrate(V) sample demonstrated distinct porosity characteristics, including varying pore sizes and distribution patterns. Both methods confirmed that fertilizer-grade ammonium nitrate(V) in the cross-section had a pumice structure, and porous prill ammonium nitrate(V) had a rather complex structure, with a central cavity observed only in the case of Sample 4. The appearance of a central cavity can be explained by the different conditions or manufacturing processes of porous prill ammonium nitrate(V). Moreover, the fertilizer-type ammonium nitrate(V) exhibited the lowest surface-to-volume ratio of ca. 21% compared to the porous-type ammonium nitrate(V). This, together with the lowest surface area of ca. 116 mm2, confirmed the lowest absorption capacity of the fertilizer-grade ammonium nitrate(V) disclosed by the ammonium nitrate(V) producer.
Performance Research of Cement Concrete Pavements with a Lower Carbon Footprint
Authors: Rudnicki Tomasz , Stałowski Przemysław
Published: June 2024

The growing interest in the use of building materials with a reduced carbon footprint was the aim of this research assessing the impact of four different types of low-emission cements on the properties of cement concretes used for the construction of local roads. This research work attempted to verify the strength characteristics and assess the durability of such solutions, which used the commonly used CEM I 42.5 R pure clinker cement and three multi-component cements: CEM II/A-V 42.5 R, CEM III/A 42.5 N-LH/HSR/NA, and CEM V/A S-V 42.5 N-LH/HSR/NA. Cement was used in a constant amount of 360 kg/m3, sand of 0/2 mm, and granite aggregate fractions of 2/8 and 8/16 mm. This research was carried out in two areas: the first concerned strength tests and the second focused on the area of assessing the durability of concrete in terms of frost resistance F150, resistance to de-icing agents, water penetration under pressure, and an analysis of the air entrainment structure in concrete according to the PN EN 480-11 standard. Analyzing the obtained test results, it can be concluded that the highest compressive strength of more than 70 MPa was obtained for CEM III concrete, 68 MPa for CEM V concrete, and the lowest for CEM I cement after 90 days. After the durability tests, it was found that the smallest decrease in compressive strength after 150 freezing and thawing cycles was obtained for CEM III (−0.9%) and CEM V (−1.4%) concretes. The high durability of concrete is confirmed by water penetration tests under pressure, because for newly designed recipes using CEM II, CEM III, and CEM V, water penetration from 17 mm to 18 mm was achieved, which proves the very high tightness of the concrete. The assessment of the durability of low-emission cements was confirmed by tests of resistance to de-icing agents and the aeration structure performed under a microscope in accordance with the requirements of the PN-EN 480-11 standard. The obtained analysis results indicate the correct structure and minimal spacing of air bubbles in the concrete, which confirms and guarantees the durability of concrete intended for road construction. Concretes designed using CEM V cement are characterized by a carbon footprint reduction of 36%, and for the mixture based on CEM III, we even observed a decrease of 39% compared to traditional concrete. Concrete using CEM II, CEM III, and CEM V cements can be successfully used for the construction of local roads. Therefore, it is necessary to consider changing the requirements of the technical specifications recommended for roads in Poland.
Microstructural Characterization, Tribological and Corrosion Behavior of H111 Hot-Rolled AA5754 after Homogenization and Aging
Authors: Abukhdair Otman Farj Mohammed , Esen Ismail , Ahlatci Hayrettin , Keskin Esma
Published: June 2024

In this study, the microstructural properties, wear resistance, and corrosion behavior of H111 hot-rolled AA5754 alloy before heat treatment, after homogenization, and after aging were examined. The microstructure was mainly composed of the scattered forms of black and gray contrast particles on the matrix and precipitations were observed at the boundaries of the grain. The as-rolled material exhibited a dense pancake-shaped grain structure, which is typical of as-rolled material. Observation along the L-direction did not yield distinct demarcations among the grains and was not uniformly distributed, with precipitates at the grain boundary. When they aged, there was a parallel increase in fine and huge black and gray contrast particles in the zone. Therefore, it could be stated that the amount of fine grains increased due to the rise in the homogenization process. The rolled base metal with the grain orientation was found to be parallel to the rolling direction. On the other hand, the coarse grains were clearly observed in the aging heat-treatment condition. The grains had an elongated morphology consistent with the rolling process of the metal before the heat-treatment process. The aged alloy had the highest hardness with a value of 86.83 HB; the lowest hardness was seen in the alloy before heat treatment with a value of 68.67 HB. The weight loss and wear rate of this material at the end of 10,000 m were, respectively, 1.01 × 10−3 g and 5.07 × 10−9 g/Nm. It was observed that the alloy had the highest weight loss and worst wear resistance before heat treatment. Weight loss and wear rates at the end of 10,000 m were, respectively, 3.42 × 10−3 g and 17.08 × 10−9 g/Nm. According to these results, the friction coefficients during wear were parallel and the material with the lowest friction coefficient after aging was 0.045. While the alloys corroded after aging showed more weight loss, the alloys corroded before heat treatment exhibited better corrosion behavior. Among the alloys, the least weight loss after 24 h was observed in the alloy that was corroded before heat treatment and this value was 0.69 × 10−3 mg/dm2. The highest weight loss was observed in the aged alloy with a value of 1.37 × 10−3 mg/dm2. The alloy before heat treatment, which corroded after casting, showed the lowest corrosion rate with a value of 0.39 × 10−3 mg/(dm2·day) after 72 h. The alloy that was corroded before heat treatment showed the best corrosion behavior by creating a corrosion potential of 1.04 ± 1.5 V at a current density of −586 ± 0.04 μA/cm2. However, after aging, the corroded alloy showed the worst corrosion behavior with a corrosion potential of 5.16 ± 3.3 V at a current density of −880 ± 0.01 μA/cm2.
A Conceptual Framework Based on Current Directives to Design Lithium-Ion Battery Industrial Repurposing Models
Authors: Basia Akash , Simeu-Abazi Zineb , Gascard Eric , Zwolinski Peggy
Published: June 2024

The global market for End of Life Lithium-Ion Batteries is growing exponentially to satisfy the needs of electric mobility and clean energy technologies. Reusing or repurposing these batteries could ensure sustainability and keep the excessive demands of raw materials in check. However, a strong commitment and trust from the various stakeholders is necessary to build such circular industrial systems. In this paper, a thorough analysis of practices and regulations allowed us to highlight the actors and processes involved in the life cycle of repurposed Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs). This led us to propose a conceptual framework describing a generic organization for LIB repurposing. LIB State of Health and diagnosis estimations, which can be carried out with data from LIB passports, are also underlined as essential for the functioning of the organization. This was discussed and implemented on a real case of LIBs used as a power source for electric heaters after their first life in a mobility application.
CALSczNet: Convolution Neural Network with Attention and LSTM for the Detection of Schizophrenia Using EEG Signals
Authors: Almaghrabi Norah , Hussain Muhammad , Alotaibi Ashwaq
Published: June 2024

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a serious psychological disorder that affects nearly 1% of the global population. The progression of SZ disorder causes severe brain damage; its early diagnosis is essential to limit adverse effects. Electroencephalography (EEG) is commonly used for SZ detection, but its manual screening is laborious, time-consuming, and subjective. Automatic methods based on machine learning have been introduced to overcome these issues, but their performance is not satisfactory due to the non-stationary nature of EEG signals. To enhance the detection performance, a novel deep learning-based method is introduced, namely, CALSczNet. It uses temporal and spatial convolutions to learn temporal and spatial patterns from EEG trials, uses Temporal Attention (TA) and Local Attention (LA) to adaptively and dynamically attend to salient features to tackle the non-stationarity of EEG signals, and finally, it employs Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to work out the long-range dependencies of temporal features to learn the discriminative features. The method was evaluated on the benchmark public-domain Kaggle dataset of the basic sensory tasks using 10-fold cross-validation. It outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on all conditions with 98.6% accuracy, 98.65% sensitivity, 98.72% specificity, 98.72% precision, and an F1-score of 98.65%. Furthermore, this study suggested that the EEG signal of the subject performing either simultaneous motor and auditory tasks or only auditory tasks provides higher discriminative features to detect SZ in patients. Finally, it is a robust, effective, and reliable method that will assist psychiatrists in detecting SZ at an early stage and provide suitable and timely treatment.
A Universal Image Compression Sensing–Encryption Algorithm Based on DNA-Triploid Mutation
Authors: Cao Yinghong , Tan Linlin , Xu Xianying , Li Bo
Published: June 2024

With the fast growth of information technology (IT), the safety of image transmission and the storing of images are becoming increasingly important. Traditional image encryption algorithms have certain limitations in transmission and security, so there is an urgent need for a secure and reliable image encryption algorithm. A universal compression sensing (CS) image encryption (IE) algorithm based on DNA-triploid mutation (DTM) is presented in this paper. Firstly, by using the CS algorithm, an image is compressed while obtaining a range of chaotic sequences by iteration of a chaotic map. Then, DNA sequences are generated by encoding the image and, based on the DTM, new mutant DNA sequences are generated according to specific rules. Next, the chaotic sequences are operated at the DNA level to perform confusion and diffusion operations on the image to ensure the security of the data. Finally, DNA decoding is carried out to obtain the compressed encrypted image. The simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively complete encryption and decryption of images. The performance test results show that the algorithm has a sufficiently large key space of 10587. The information entropy of the cipher image is close to 8. In summary, both simulation experiments and performance tests fully show that a high level of security and reliability for the proposed algorithm in protecting image privacy is achieved.
Generation, Characterisation and Identification of Bioactive Peptides from Mesopelagic Fish Protein Hydrolysates Using In Silico and In Vitro Approaches
Authors: Hayes Maria , Naik Azza , Mora Leticia , Iñarra Bruno , Ibarruri Jone , Bald Carlos , Cariou Thibault , Reid David , Gallagher Michael , Dragøy Ragnhild , Galino Jorge , Deyà Alba , Albrektsen Sissel , Thoresen Lars , Solstad Runar G.
Published: June 2024

This study generated bioactive hydrolysates using the enzyme Alcalase and autolysis from mesopelagic fish, including Maurolicus muelleri and Benthosema glaciale. Generated hydrolysates were investigated for their bioactivities using in vitro bioassays, and bioactive peptides were identified using mass spectrometry in active hydrolysates with cyclooxygenase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV and antioxidant activities. In silico analysis was employed to rank identified peptide sequences in terms of overall bioactivity using programmes including Peptide Ranker, PrepAIP, Umami-MRNN and AntiDMPpred. Seven peptides predicted to have anti-inflammatory, anti-type 2 diabetes or Umami potential using in silico strategies were chemically synthesised, and their anti-inflammatory activities were confirmed using in vitro bioassays with COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. The peptide QCPLHRPWAL inhibited COX-1 and COX-2 by 82.90% (+/−0.54) and 53.84%, respectively, and had a selectivity index greater than 10. This peptide warrants further research as a novel anti-inflammatory/pain relief peptide. Other peptides with DPP-IV inhibitory and Umami flavours were identified. These offer potential for use as functional foods or topical agents to prevent pain and inflammation.
The Value of Preoperative C-Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio as a Prognostic Biomarker in Colon Cancer Patients
Authors: Fagarasan Giorgiana , Seicean Radu , Bintintan Vasile , Fagarasan Vlad , Caziuc Alexandra , Andras David , Chira Lucian , Dindelegan George
Published: June 2024

Inflammatory acute phase proteins have been reported to play a crucial role in cancer progression. Various hematologic and inflammatory markers and scores, such as the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic inflammation score (SIS), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), Glasgow prognostic score, and, more recently, the Naples prognostic score, have been reported as significant prognostic markers. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of the C reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) in patients with colon cancer. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study on a series of patients who underwent curative surgery for colon cancer. The C reactive protein-to-albumin ratio was determined preoperatively, and we evaluated the correlations between the CAR and various clinical and pathological parameters, as well as the correlation with Overall and Relapse-free survival. Furthermore, we compared the accuracy of the CAR with that of the Naples score. Results: One hundred and ten patients were included in the study. We set 0.4927 as the cut-off value for the CAR according to a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Based on the cut-off value, patients were divided into a low CAR group and a high CAR group. The preoperative CAR exhibited statistically significant correlation with tumor volume, T and N stage, number of positive lymph nodes, and grade of tumor differentiation. We also demonstrated a positive correlation between high CAR values and a higher Naples score (p = 0.0005), even when a subgroup analysis was performed for each group individually. Conclusions: The preoperative CAR is a useful prognostic marker in patients with colon cancer. These results may help to design strategies to personalize targeted management approaches among colon cancer patients.
Understanding the Benefits of CO2 Laser Treatment for Vulvovaginal Atrophy
Authors: Jankovic Svetlana , Rovcanin Marija , Tomic Ana , Jurisic Aleksandar , Milovanovic Zagorka , Zamurovic Milena
Published: June 2024

Background and Objectives: Postmenopausal vaginal discomfort is often attributed to vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA). Women with VVA experience symptoms such as vaginal dryness, itching, burning, irritation, and dyspareunia. Materials and Methods: This pilot study was conducted to assess the effects of a micro-ablative fractional CO2 laser on the clinical symptoms of VVA, as well as concordant sexual function. The severity of VVA symptoms was evaluated by a visual analogue scale (VAS), while the condition of the vaginal mucosa was evaluated using the Vaginal Health Index Score (VHSI). Sexual function was evaluated using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) Questionnaire. Results: Our cohort included 84 sexually active postmenopausal women with bothersome VVA, leading to sexual health complaints. The mean age of the participants in our study was 55.2 ± 5.4 years, with an average postmenopausal period of 6 ± 4.8 years. The age of our patients and the length of their postmenopausal period exhibited a significant negative correlation with VHSI scores, while a longer postmenopausal period was associated with increased severity of vaginal dryness and dyspareunia. Baseline VHSI values showed that 65% of patients had atrophic vaginitis with pronounced VVA symptoms (70.2% experienced vaginal itching, 73.8% reported vaginal burning, 95.3% had vaginal dryness, and 86.1% suffered from dyspareunia). Lower VHSI values significantly correlated with lower FSFI scores, while more severe VVA symptoms scores correlated with lower FSFI scores. VVA symptoms were significantly less severe after treatment. VHIS regained high non-atrophic values in 98.8% of patients post-treatment (p < 0.001). FSFI total and domain scores were significantly higher after treatment (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our study revealed that fractional CO2 laser is a useful treatment option to alleviate VVA symptoms and improve vaginal health and sexual functioning in postmenopausal women.
Pharmacological Treatments and Therapeutic Targets in Muscle Dystrophies Generated by Alterations in Dystrophin-Associated Proteins
Authors: Luna-Angulo Alexandra , Landa-Solís Carlos , Escobar-Cedillo Rosa Elena , Estrada-Mena Francisco Javier , Sánchez-Chapul Laura , Gómez-Díaz Benjamín , Carrillo-Mora Paul , Avilés-Arnaut Hamlet , Jiménez-Hernández Livier , Jiménez-Hernández Dulce Adeí , Miranda-Duarte Antonio
Published: June 2024

Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases of genetic origin characterized by progressive skeletal muscle degeneration and weakness. There are several types of MDs, varying in terms of age of onset, severity, and pattern of the affected muscles. However, all of them worsen over time, and many patients will eventually lose their ability to walk. In addition to skeletal muscle effects, patients with MDs may present cardiac and respiratory disorders, generating complications that could lead to death. Interdisciplinary management is required to improve the surveillance and quality of life of patients with an MD. At present, pharmacological therapy is only available for Duchene muscular dystrophy (DMD)—the most common type of MD—and is mainly based on the use of corticosteroids. Other MDs caused by alterations in dystrophin-associated proteins (DAPs) are less frequent but represent an important group within these diseases. Pharmacological alternatives with clinical potential in patients with MDs and other proteins associated with dystrophin have been scarcely explored. This review focuses on drugs and molecules that have shown beneficial effects, mainly in experimental models involving alterations in DAPs. The mechanisms associated with the effects leading to promising results regarding the recovery or maintenance of muscle strength and reduction in fibrosis in the less-common MDs (i.e., with respect to DMD) are explored, and other therapeutic targets that could contribute to maintaining the homeostasis of muscle fibers, involving different pathways, such as calcium regulation, hypertrophy, and maintenance of satellite cell function, are also examined. It is possible that some of the drugs explored here could be used to affordably improve the muscular function of patients until a definitive treatment for MDs is developed.
Genetic Insights into Skeletal Malocclusion: The Role of the FBN3 rs7351083 SNP in the Romanian Population
Authors: Topârcean Adina Maria , Acatrinei Arina , Rusu Ioana , Feștilă Dana , Câmpian Radu Septimiu , Kelemen Beatrice , Ghergie Mircea Constantin Dinu
Published: June 2024

Background and Objectives: irregularities in the growth and development of the jawbones can lead to misalignments of maxillary and mandibular structures, a complex condition known as skeletal malocclusion, one of the most common oral health problems. Skeletal malocclusions, particularly Class II and Class III, can significantly affect facial appearance, chewing efficiency, speech, and overall oral health, often requiring orthodontic treatment or surgery to correct. These dentofacial anomalies are influenced by genetic and environmental factors and exhibit diverse phenotypic expressions. Materials and Methods: in this study, we investigated the correlation between the rs7351083 SNP of the FBN3 gene that encodes a member of the fibrillin protein family and malocclusion risk in a group of 57 patients from Romania. Results: the results shed light on the relationship between the selected genetic marker and the investigated dentofacial disorder, revealing a positive association between the reference allele (A) and Class II and that the alternate allele (G) is associated with Class III. Conclusions: cephalometric analysis revealed no significant differences among genotypes, suggesting that while genetic factors are implicated in malocclusion, they may not directly affect cephalometric parameters or that the sample size was too small to detect these differences. The discovery of an A > T transversion in one individual with a Class II deformity underscores the genetic diversity within the population and the necessity of comprehensive genotyping to uncover rare genetic variants that might influence craniofacial development and the risk of malocclusion. This study highlights the need for larger studies to confirm these preliminary associations.
Femoral Neck Fracture with Misdiagnosis of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Two-Case Report
Authors: Kwan Ting-Hsien , Chiang Chen-Hao , Chih Wei-Hsing , Chou Cheng-Ming
Published: June 2024

We report two rare cases of femoral neck fracture resulting from osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) that was undiagnosed at the patients’ initial visits. The patient in the first case had sequential bilateral displaced femoral neck fractures. Because no osteonecrosis of the femoral head was visible on X-ray film and the data of liver function tests were normal, ONFH was not diagnosed. In addition, because the patient was a 55-year-old man with normal everyday functioning, closed reduction with cannulated screws was performed at both visits. Nine months later, he came to our outpatient department with bilateral hip pain; X-rays revealed nonunion and implant failure at both hips. The patient subsequently underwent bilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA) and had a satisfactory outcome at his 4-year follow-up. The patient in the second case had a left displaced femoral neck fracture after trivial trauma two months prior. ONFH was not diagnosed upon examination of X-ray findings. The patient was 52 years old with liver cirrhosis and had bipolar hemiarthroplasty performed because of a chronic displaced fracture and poor general condition. After 2 years, she began to have right hip pain. X-rays revealed massive necrosis and sclerosis of the femoral head. Computed tomography scans for ONFH staging revealed impending fracture lines at the subcapital site of the patient’s previous left femoral neck fracture. Right THA was then performed, and the outcome was satisfactory.
Removal of Micropollutants in Water Reclamation by Membrane Filtration: Impact of Pretreatments and Adsorption
Authors: Aldana Juan C. , Agudelo Cristina , Álvarez Pedro M. , Acero Juan L.
Published: June 2024

Organic micropollutants (OMPs) present in water and wastewater are in the spotlight because of their potentially harmful effects even at low concentrations and the difficulties of their elimination in urban wastewater treatment plants (UWWTPs). This study explores the impact of some membrane filtration processes on the removal of a group of 11 OMPs with an eye on the effects of two pretreatments (i.e., coagulation and adsorption onto powdered activated carbon (PAC)) and the adsorption of OMPs onto the membranes on the overall removal. For this purpose, ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) experiments were conducted with selected OMPs spiked in ultrapure water and secondary effluents from UWWTPs. It was observed that the adsorption of OMPs onto the membranes was influenced by the characteristics of the membranes, as well as the presence of effluent organic matter (EfOM). Since adsorption was the dominant mechanism for the rejection of OMPs by UF membranes, a study of the adsorption equilibrium of the micropollutants using UF membrane pieces as the adsorbent was conducted. The adsorption isotherms for the most hydrophobic OMPs fitted the Langmuir model. The efficiency of coagulation and powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption coupled with UF were also investigated. Both pretreatments alleviated membrane fouling and improved the rejection of organic and inorganic matter. The PAC pretreatment significantly improved the removal of OMPs in the combined PAC/UF process. The best options for achieving reclaimed water with satisfactory physicochemical quality, nearly devoid of OMPs and microorganisms, and suitable for diverse reuse purposes are either the NF treatment or the combination of PAC/UF.
Optimizing Rolling Strategies for API 5L X80 Steel Heavy Plates Produced by Thermomechanical Processing in a Reversible Single-Stand Mill
Authors: de Oliveira Abreu Luiz Gustavo , de Faria Geraldo Lúcio , de Faria Ricardo José , Matsubara Daniel Bojikian , Porcaro Rodrigo Rangel
Published: June 2024

This study focuses on advancing the production of predominantly bainitic heavy plates to meet the API 5L X80 standard. The investigation involves a thorough evaluation of the influence of rolling parameters and austenite conditioning on both microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties. Accurate specifications for chemical composition, processing temperatures, and mean deformations were established using mathematical models and bibliographical references. Four rolling conditions were performed in a reversible single-stand mill, allowing for comprehensive comparison and critical analysis. Microstructural and mechanical characterizations were performed utilizing several techniques, including optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile tests, Charpy impact tests, and hardness tests to ensure adherence to API 5L standards. Additionally, the SEM-EBSD (electron backscattered diffraction) technique was employed for a complementary analysis. The EBSD analysis included crystallographic misorientation maps, mean kernel misorientation parameters (ϑ), low- and high-angle grains boundaries, mean equivalent diameter, and evaluation of the contribution of different strengthening mechanisms to yield strength. Results underscored the significant influence of austenite conditioning on both microstructure and mechanical properties. Considering the specificities of a reversible single-stand mill, it was concluded that, unlike the classic approach for ferritic or ferritic–pearlitic HSLA (high-strength low-alloy steel), when a product with a predominantly bainitic microstructure is required, the accumulated deformation in the austenite during the finishing rolling stage, as well as its temperature, must be meticulously controlled. It was shown that the greater the deformation and the lower the temperature, the more favorable the scenario for the undesired polygonal ferrite formation, which will deteriorate the material’s performance. Furthermore, an optimized production route was identified and adapted to the specificities of the employed rolling mill. The presented data have great importance for researchers, manufacturers, and users of API 5L X80 heavy plates.
On the Efficiency of Air-Cooled Metal Foam Heat Exchangers
Authors: Fiedler Thomas , Movahedi Nima , Stanger Rohan
Published: June 2024

This study analyses the heat transfer performance of metal foam heat exchangers through experimental measurements. Using counter-gravity infiltration casting, open-cell aluminium foam elements were manufactured to embed a copper tube for internal mass flow containment. Heat transfer experiments were conducted under natural and forced convection conditions, with the airflow controlled in a wind tunnel. A stream of warm water within the internal foam component served as the heat source, transferring thermal energy to the surrounding air flowing through the external foam component of the heat exchanger. The results showed a significantly enhanced heat transfer performance with aluminium foam compared to a single copper tube. Thermal resistance models were developed to elucidate the heat transfer mechanisms, highlighting the effectiveness of air-cooled metal foam heat exchangers. These findings underscore the potential of metal foam heat exchangers as cost-effective alternatives for various thermal management applications.
The Influence of Insertion Depth of Inorganic Materials on Solidification Microstructure and Segregation of 2.5-ton 42CrMo Ingot
Authors: Sun Shujian , Du Yonglong , Zhang Zhenqiang , Jiang Danqing , Xu Songzhe , Ren Zhongming
Published: June 2024

In this work, a novel internal heat absorption technology using inorganic material rods is employed during the solidification process of steel ingots, aiming to control their solidification and improve the quality of the final product. The study investigates the effect of the insertion depth of inorganic materials on the solidification microstructure and macrosegregation of 2.5-ton 42CrMo ingots. The mechanical properties of samples from the product are also tested. A numerical simulation model for casting 2.5-ton ingots is established and implemented in Ansys Fluent fluid simulation software, with inorganic material rods set at different preset depths. The simulation explores the physical processes of the melting and floating of inorganic materials in molten steel, as well as their effects on the temperature and flow fields of the material. The results show that deeper insertion of inorganic materials (200 mm from the hot top) reduces the tendency for macrosegregation compared to that at the insertion depth of 100 mm. Specifically, the positive segregation area decreases by 10.35%, while the negative segregation area decreases by 15.32%. Moreover, deeper insertion results in a significant refinement of the solidification microstructure, ultimately enhancing the mechanical properties of the products machined from the ingots (i.e., the yield strength increased by 4.7%). The numerical simulation results indicate that as the placement depth of inorganic materials in the ingot mold increases, the cooling effect becomes more significant, the flow area of molten steel initiated by the inorganic materials expands, and the linear velocity of the double-circle flow increases. This further explains why the solidification quality of the ingots improves with the increasing placement depth of inorganic materials.
Layer Approach to Model Fatigue Strength of Surface-Hardened Components
Authors: Dobberke Dénes , Leitner Martin , Wiebesiek Jens , Fröschl Jürgen
Published: June 2024

This paper deals with a surface-hardened forged steel that is commonly used for powertrain components like gears, axles or crankshafts. In order to increase static and fatigue strength and to minimise wear, surface treatments like induction hardening lead to a significant microstructural change within heat-affected zones. The aim of this study was to elaborate a method for a reliable computational estimation of the local fatigue strength by considering local material properties. The method is based on experimental test results, where specimens were extracted from forged crankshafts and further heat-treated to investigate the fatigue strength of the unhardened and hardened material condition. The experimental test data were fundamental in defining elaborated Haigh diagrams, enabling a more reliable local fatigue assessment. The comparison of the component safety within the fatigue strength verification for a crankshaft section under alternate bending resulted in 28%-more progressive dimensioning of surface hardened layers.
Dry, Cold Forging of Oxygen-Free Copper by Massively Nitrogen-Supersaturated CoCrMo Dies
Authors: Aizawa Tatsuhiko , Funazuka Tatsuya , Shiratori Tomomi
Published: June 2024

With the aim of achieving a sustainable society with green manufacturing, every metal-forming process has been changed to a dry process with the use of limited lubricants via regulation. In parallel, die materials must have sufficient wear resistance to prolong the die life even when forming active metals. A massively nitrogen-supersaturated (MNSed) superalloy was selected as a galling-free die substrate to forge oxygen-free copper wires and bars in dry conditions. A plasma immersion nitriding system was utilized to induce nitrogen supersaturation in CoCrMo, forging dies at 723 K for 21.6 ks with a high nitrogen solute content. Microstructure analyses and microhardness testing proved that the MNSed CoCrMo die had a multilayered structure from the top surface to the depth and that the surface hardness increased up to 1300 HV. Dry, cold forging experiments demonstrated that the oxygen-free copper bar was upset, with a reduction in thickness of 70% in a single stroke under low friction. No fresh copper work debris adhered onto the MNSed CoCrMo die surface. The loading–stroke relationship was used to describe the forging behavior, with low friction and without galling.
A New Wear Calculation Method for Galvanized Ultra-High-Strength Steel during Hot Stamping
Authors: Peng Yuchun , Chen Wei , Zhou Hongming
Published: June 2024

In the hot stamping process, the friction and wear interaction between the high-temperature sheet metal and the water-cooled die has a significant impact on the final quality of the product and the durability of the die. Currently, most research on the wear of the stamped parts during the hot stamping process mainly involves analyzing the wear morphology and wear mechanism of the sheet surface, and there is little research on its wear assessment. In this study, to better assess the forming quality of hot stamping parts, the research takes the direct hot stamping of galvanized ultra-high-strength steel sheets as the object and proposes a wear amount calculation method of galvanized ultra-high-strength steel sheets based on the real contact area of the high-temperature sheet metal and the water-cooled tools. At different temperature conditions, the galvanized layer and steel substrate have different mechanical properties. The model is validated using the sheet characteristics at 650 °C, 700 °C, and 750 °C. The results indicate that the model can predict the wear of the galvanized steel sheet under different conditions within a certain range.
Effects of the Substitution of B and C for P on Magnetic Properties of FePCB Amorphous Alloys
Authors: Lu Shuwei , Chen Xuan , Zheng Qiqi
Published: June 2024

In the present study, first-principles molecular dynamics simulations were employed to study the effects of small amounts of B and C substituted for P on the structure and magnetic properties of Fe80P13C7, Fe80P10C7B3, and Fe80P8C9B3 amorphous alloys. A small amount of B and C replacing P atoms increases the icosahedral structure of the amorphous alloys, especially the increase in the regular icosahedral structure. The saturation magnetization of the three kinds of amorphous alloys gradually increases with the addition of B and C atoms, and the results of experimental and simulated calculations show consistent trends. The substitution of P atoms by B and C atoms leads to the aggregation of Fe atoms, which increases the magnetic moment of the iron atoms. In addition, the improvement of local structural symmetry may be one of the reasons for the increase in saturation magnetization of amorphous alloys. The substitution of a small number of B and C atoms plays an important role in improving the saturation magnetization of the amorphous alloy, which has a certain guiding significance for the development of amorphous alloys with excellent soft magnetic properties.