bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRIMERA EXPERIENCIA DE CULTIVO DE ROBALO ALETA AMARILLA (Centropomus robalito) EN GUATEMALA
Authors: Mazariegos Ortíz Carlos , García Pérez Josué
Published: April 2021

Los robalos han sido identificados como especies promisorias para la acuicultura. Es por ello, que en este estudio se exponen los primeros resultados de cultivo con el robalo aleta amarilla ('Centropomus robalito') de un experimento que tuvo como objetivo evaluar el crecimiento en un sistema de recirculación de agua durante 92 días. Los peces fueron introducidos con peso promedio de 13.38 ± 6.61 g y longitud total de 10.72 ± 1.65 cm, y alimentados durante dos meses con músculo de camarón blanco y camarón cabezón (50 %:50 %); a partir del tercer mes con músculo de camarón blanco y concentrado de camarón de 35% proteína cruda (75 %:25 %). Los resultados sugieren que la especie es de lento crecimiento, pero se encuentra dentro del promedio reportado en otros países con especies del mismo género.
Opportunities and challenges of integrating crop and livestock systems in the desert reclaimed lands of Egypt
Authors: Aboul Naga Adel M. , Alary Véronique , Osman Mona A. , Abd El-Rahim Sahar A. , Juanes Xavier
Published: April 2021

The Mediterranean agriculture is constrained by high competition for land and water utilization. One of the challenges for farmers is to increase land productivity through a better use of livestock in mixed crop-livestock farming systems. To assess the opportunities and challenges of integrating crop and livestock activities in irrigated areas, a survey was conducted among 175 small-scale farms in the West Delta desert land of Egypt in 2013/2014. Five regions were investigated and comprised the old reclaimed lands where settlers came in the 1960s, the intermediate reclaimed lands where farmers settled down in the 1980s, and the new reclaimed lands that were attributed to new farmers in the 1990s. The study highlighted two types of farmers’ strategies: 1) diversification and specialization with focus on fruit tree plantation by university graduates, who had benefited from the attribution of around two hectares of land in the settlement program since the end of the 1970s; and 2) diversification with emphasis on livestock by common beneficiary settlers from the Nile Valley, who had benefited from the attribution of one hectare of land since the 1990s. Graduates focusing on fruit trees corresponded to a strategy of developing new business activity, whereas common beneficiaries diversifying their farming systems through livestock corresponded to the need to secure a stable source of family income all year round. Whereas diversification appeared to be a driving force for agricultural development in this context, specialization could be a social and economic risk as graduates became more dependent on national and international markets. This was reflected in the perception of farmers who underlined the need to integrate technical, ecological, economic and social constraints in their decisions.
 Taenia solium  cysticercosis survey at a slaughterhouse in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Kungu Joseph Morison , Afayoa Matthias , Dione Michel Maïnack
Published: April 2021

A survey was conducted at Wambizi slaughterhouse in Kampala City, Uganda, to ascertain the prevalence of Taenia species infection in pigs via serology, as well as the role of meat inspection in control of these parasitic conditions in carcasses of slaughtered pigs. A total of 620 pigs were sampled using simple random selection during three months. Individual pig data including sex, breed, district of origin, antemortem clinical signs and postmortem lesions were recorded. Blood samples were collected for serological assays. A questionnaire was used to capture perceptions of meat inspectors and pig traders on T. solium cysticercosis. Of the 620 pig inspected carcasses, only four were observed with T. solium cysts and none had T. hydatigena cysts. Up to 67 (10.8%) pigs tested positive by B158C11A10/B60H8A4 Ag-ELISA serology. Seroprevalences were significantly different between districts (χ2 = 45.98; p < 0.001) with pigs from the Eastern districts having the highest seroprevalence. The two meat inspectors at the slaughterhouse had knowledge of pork inspection protocol for Taenia spp. infections, although they did not follow it properly because of the high number of carcasses to be inspected daily. All the 15 traders interviewed had heard about porcine cysticercosis but only five had ever seen cystic pork. T. solium cysticercosis is still prevailing in pigs in Uganda. Meat inspection is not a reliable diagnostic tool for efficient detection of T. solium cysticercosis.
A régióközi ingázás szerepe a lemaradó régiók gazdasági növekedésében: Baranya megye esete
Authors: Szabó Norbert , Farkas Richárd , Varga Attila
Published: April 2021

A tanulmány az infrastruktúra-fejlesztés egy kevésbé gyakran vizsgált aspektusát, a munkaerő-mobilitás gazdasági hatásait vizsgálja. A szerzők annak érdekében, hogy a munkaerő-vándorlás és ­ingázás gazdasági hatásait is számszerűsíteni tudják, egy ökonometriai ingázási egyenlettel bővítik ki a GMR-Magyarország hatáselemző modellt. Alternatív szcenáriók eredményeinek összehasonlítása révén arra a kérdésre keresik a választ, hogy milyen gazdasági hatással járnak az eltérő fejlettségi szintű magyar térségek közötti elérési idő csökkenéséből adódó, ingázásban bekövetkező változások. Eredményeik szerint az ingázás elősegítése – ha az képes kiváltani az elvándorlás egy részét – a regionális fejlődés forrása lehet, azonban a regionális konvergencia negatívan befolyásolja az országos növekedést.
Obesidade e COVID-19: Presente e Futuro
Authors: Gregório Maria João , Santos Alejandro , Graça Pedro
Published: April 2021

N/a.
Néstor Ponce, Muertes trece siete vidas
Authors: Lassus Jean-Marie
Published: April 2021

Néstor Ponce, Muertes trece siete vidas. Berlín: Iliada Ediciones, 2020. 141 páginas. ISBN: 979-8680475959.
Rafael Ballesteros, Jardín de poco. Poesía inédita (2010-2018)
Authors: Plaza González Pedro J.
Published: April 2021

Rafael Ballesteros, Jardín de poco. Poesía inédita (2010-2018), estudio y edición de Alfredo López-Pasarín. Málaga: Centro Cultural Generación del 27, 2019. 216 páginas. ISBN 978-84-17457-17-4.
Use of Disinfection Chamber to Prevent Covid-19 at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga
Authors: Warsito Sunaryo Hadi , Mufasirin Mufasirin , Yunus Muchammad
Published: April 2021

Community empowerment at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Education Hospital (RSHP) Universitas Airlangga aimed to prevent Covid-19 among students, picket workers, employees, veterinarians, nurses, and the client who bring animals to RSHP. The program starts from observation to implementation in May-October 2020. Implementation of community empowerment program in collaboration with the KKN program in Surabaya. This program introduced the disinfection chamber model of an automatic sprayer that is safe for health and complies with the standard operating procedure (SOP) for the use of the disinfection chamber. The existence of a disinfection chamber at the entrance to the campus and RSHP has contributed a lot to prevent the spread of Covid-19. The post-test results showed an increase in public understanding of the existence of disinfection chamber as a way to reduce the spread of Covid-19 and implement health protocols and healthy lifestyles.
Lime Peel Liquid (Citrus aurantifolia, Swingle) Inhibit Escherichia Coli In Vitro
Authors: Sari Devi Indah , Wahjuni Retno Sri , Praja Ratih Novita , Utomo Budi , Fikri Faisal , Wibawati Prima Ayu
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine in vitro inhibition test of lime peel liquid (Citrus aurantifolia, Swingle) against E. coli. The E. coli isolate was cultured on Muller Hinton Agar (MHA) media. Antibacterial test in this study using diffusion method. Negative control (K-) using CMC-Na 0.1%. Positive control (K+) using oxytetracycline antibiotics. The treatments were given lime peel liquid (Citrus aurantifolia, Swingle) with concentrations of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25%, respectively. The study design using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method, with six treatments and four repetitions. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test, Moreover, the Post Hoc Mann-Whitney method. The inhibition zone analysis results were showed that K + had significant differences compared to all treatments K-, 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%. K- was found to be significantly different from treatments 100%, 75%, 50% and 25%. The results showed that the lime peel liquid has the potential as an antibacterial activity against the growth of E. coli in vitro. Concentration of 25% has shown the presence of inhibitory zones on Mueller Hinton media that have been inoculated with lime peel liquid.
Bacillus subtilis Probiotics in Chicken Feed Improve Egg Quality with Differences in Shelf Life
Authors: Wardiana Nurul Ika , Lokapirnasari Widya Paramita , Harijani Nenny , Al-Arif Mohammad Anam , Ardianto Ardianto
Published: April 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of giving Bacillus subtilis probiotics in laying hens on improving the quality of internal and external eggs with differences in shelf life. A total of 60 laying hens were divided into 4 treatment groups, namely P0 as a control that was not given probiotic B. Subtilis, P1 feed was added 0.005 grams B. Subtilis, P2 feed with added 0.01 grams B. Subtilis, P3 feed added 0.02 grams B. Subtilis then the eggs produced are stored for 1 day, 5 days and 10 days. The results of this study indicate that the administration of B. Subtilis probiotics with a concentration of 0.02 grams affects the increase in egg weight, egg yolk index value and HU values. The addition of B. Subtilis probiotics to racial feed can improve egg quality.
Social solidarity movement to prevent the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Muqsith Munadhil Abdul , Pratomo Rizky Ridho , Kuswanti Ana , Muzykant Valerii Leonidovich
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected many sectors, especially the health and economic aspects. On the bright side, the potential for social solidarity in the community has been increased. New media technology becomes an oasis in the midst of anxiety when people are forced to distance themselves or carrying out social distancing. Net citizens are using new media technology to raise solidarity and appeal to prevent the spread of COVID-19 from various campaigns on social media. This research aimed to study social movements to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and employed a qualitative approach using content analysis. The results showed that the pandemic triggered the public to take advantage of various social media platforms by creating content about public education and campaigning to raise funds or crowdfunding. It is as if a blessing in disguise when this disaster resulted in the value of collaborative work or gotong-royong that comes from Pancasila, which characterizes the nation’s values so that people are motivated to remind each other to maintain health and also help others to ease the burden of those affected. The analysis of the study by the researchers revealed that public figures dominated this solidarity movement.
Detection and Identification of Sediment Layer to Discover the Marine Mineral Resources Potential in Aruah Islands
Authors: Rengi Pareng , Amri Ulil , Ramadona Tomi , Usman Ediar , Bustari Bustari
Published: April 2021

Aruah Islands is located on an international shipping line adjacent to Malaysia. The important aspect in borderline management is the maritime resource potential, one of which is sea minerals. In order to dig the information about marine mineral resources in Aruah Islands, a high-resolution seismic reflection with low frequency was applied, which capable to detect the depth and identify the sedimentary layers clearly and accurately. The depth of water and sediment layers were detected using an echosounder, reason Navi sound type 210 with a tow fish 100 kHz and shallow seismic boomer with a single channel type and wave energy 200 Joules. Gravity core and grab sampler were used to collect the sediment sample. There were three stages on seismic interpretation: sequence analysis, facies analysis, and reflection character identification. Furthermore, sediments containing coarse sand-sized minerals were observed using a microscope. The measurement result of Aruah Islands water depth was ranging from 0-80 m, the deepest part is on the Northern of Batu Mandi island which was 80 m depth. Seismic profiles indicated that the upper layer of tertiary sedimentary as the youngest rocks. Based on sediment thickness, the thickest area was found on the Western (approx. 50 m) and the Northern (approx. 32 m). In line with the island’s Southern part condition, which was plain or shallow sea exposure, the Southeastern island sediment thickness ranged only about 10-18 m. Generally, based on the analyzed sediment sample, quartz was the main mineral found, which was 60-80% of the composition. Other minerals were zircon, tin, hematite, magnetite, limonite, biotite, and dolomite.
Model Assessment on Cooling Effect of Mangrove and Proboscis Monkey Conservation Area in Tarakan City
Authors: Rahma Nuzula Elfa , Yulma Yulma
Published: April 2021

A conservation area for mangrove forests and proboscis monkeys locates within a dense urban centre in Tarakan city. Its surrounding area has rapidly transformed into condensing urban artificial structures with minimal vegetation cover. The study aims to determine the cooling effect of the conservation area toward its surrounding. The study applies model assessment, which comprises ENVI-MET for simulation of air temperature distribution, and Rayman for PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) calculation to investigate the level of heat stress. The result shows that the mangrove cover has a cooling effect effectively after midnight to 11:00 the subsequent day. Specifically, for the surrounding area, it is confined within an 8-hour window (from 0:00 to 8:00). Within this window, inside the mangrove area, ENVI-MET  generates significantly lower air temperature, when compared to its surrounding. The mangrove presence correlates to reducing air temperature up to 1.8° C. The cooling effect also extends to its surrounding with a limited radius (approximately 10 m). However, PMV calculation implies that there is no significant improvement in thermal comfort as a result of the mangrove presence. The results may not adequately reflect the reality in the field. Further research to calibrate PMV measurement that involves human monitoring is required to validate the findings.
Response on Uptake of Nutrients and on Grain Yield from Rice Husk Biochar Application on Oryza sativa L. Grown in a Low Yielding Granary Area of Tanjung Karang, Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Sang Deniel Anak , Bakar Rosenani Abu , Ahmad Siti Hajar , Ahmed Osumanu Haruna , Wan Yahya Wan Asrina , Rahim Khairuddin Abdul
Published: April 2021

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) production plays a major role in enhancing food security in Malaysia. Lower rice yield and improper soil management practices have raised serious concerns about rice cultivation in Malaysia. The objective of this study was to examine the short-term effects of rice husk biochar (RHB) application on rice yields production on low yielding area for two crop cycles. RHB was applied at the rates of 0, 5, 10, and 20 Mg ha-1. Rice husk biochar was applied one week before rice seeds, of variety MR 263, were directly seeded. Results of the study showed that RHB significantly increased grain yield by 44% and 46% in first and second crop cycles, respectively, as compared to the control treatment. Likewise, RHB amended plots showed significant improvement of rice yield components, viz. productive tiller, panicle length, and weight per panicle, than those of the control plots in the first and second crop cycles. Furthermore, RHB significantly increased nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) uptake by 17%, 18%, 29%, respectively, in the first crop cycle, and 26%, 23%, 110%, respectively, in the second crop cycle. RHB application also significantly improved soil available P, exchangeable K and exchangeable Mg in the two crop cycles. Another interesting finding was that the use of RHB reduced soil total carbon loss by 4% to 12% compared with 19% by the control treatment. These findings suggest that RHB can potentially be used as a soil amendment to increase rice yield production, enhance soil nutrient availability and nutrient uptake, as well as reduce carbon losses especially during drought period.
Application of a ground-based microwave radiometer in aviation weather forecasting in Indian Air Force
Authors:   DTE OF METEOROLOGY, INDIAN AIR FORCEAIR FORCE STATION NEW DELHI, RACE COURSE, NEW DELHI 110021, Mishra Savitesh , Pandit Shreya ,   DTE OF METEOROLOGY, INDIAN AIR FORCEAIR FORCE STATION NEW DELHI, RACE COURSE, NEW DELHI 110021, Mittal Ashish ,   DTE OF METEOROLOGY, INDIAN AIR FORCEAIR FORCE STATION NEW DELHI, RACE COURSE, NEW DELHI 110021, Sudarshan Srinivas Velampudi ,   DTE OF METEOROLOGY, INDIAN AIR FORCEAIR FORCE STATION NEW DELHI, RACE COURSE, NEW DELHI 110021
Published: April 2021

Time and intensity-specific very short-term forecasting or nowcasting is the biggest challenge faced by an aviation meteorologist. Ground-based microwave radiometer (MWR) has been used for nowcasting convective activity and it was established that there is a good comparison between thermodynamic parameters derived from MWR and GPS radiosonde observations, indicating that MWR observations can be used to develop techniques for nowcasting severe convective activity. In this study, efforts have been made to bring out the efficacy of MWR in nowcasting thunderstorms and fog. Firstly, the observations of MWR located at Palam, New Delhi, India have been compared with the nearest radiosonde data to ascertain the variation in respective profiles. Large differences were found in relative humidity (RH), whereas temperatures from MWR were found to be close to radiosonde observed temperature up to 3.5 km. Subsequently, the scatter plots and correlation coefficients of thermodynamic indices/parameters indicated that most of the parameters are either not correlated or have moderate correlation only for 12:00 UTC profiles. The superepoch technique of lagged composite for various thermodynamic indices/parameters to obtain a combined picture of all the thunderstorm and dense fog cases on the time series could not determine any pattern to predict thunderstorm and dense fog with lead time of 2-4 hours. MWR profile for a case of occurrence of thunderstorm was analyzed. No significant variation was observed in most of the indices (as calculated from MWR observed parameters) prior to the occurrence of thunderstorm. RH at freezing level and between 950 and 700 hPa levels were the only parameters, which increased four hours prior to the occurrence.
Spatial and temporal changes of land uses and its relationship with surface temperature in western Iran
Authors:   Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran, Rostami Noredin , Fathizad Hassan ,   Department of arid and desert regions management, School of Natural Resources & Desert Studies, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
Published: April 2021

A split-window algorithm has been used in the Ilam dam watershed to determine the relationship between land surface temperature (LST) and types of land use. Landsat satellite images of the TM sensor for 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010 and Landsat 8 (OLI Sensor) for 2015 and 2018 are used. After geometric and radiometric corrections of satellite images, land use maps are extracted by using the fuzzy ARTMAP method. An accuracy assessment showed that the highest value of the kappa coefficient was 94% with a total accuracy of 0.95 for 2015, and the lowest kappa coefficient value was 87% with a total accuracy of 0.9 for 1990. The high values of these coefficients indicate the acceptable accuracy of using Landsat’s remote sensing data for land use detection. The most important land use change is related to dense forest and sparse forest land uses, with decreases of 20.07 and 17.04%, respectively. The minimum LST measures in 1990, 2010, and 2018 in dense forest are 21.27, 30.55 and 33.82 ºC, respectively. The maximum LSTs for the sparse forest land use in 1990 and 2010 are 52.48 and 56.09, and 56.10 ºC for the dense forest land use in 2018. As a result, the average LST in agricultural lands was lower than in sparse forest and rangeland;, which is mainly due to the high moisture content and the greater evapotranspiration rate. Land use/land cover variations from 1990 to 2018 show that all land uses have experienced an increase in LST.
Stigma and Discrimination on People Living with HIV (PLHIV): a Systematic Review
Authors: Umam Khotibul , Glorino Rumambo Pandin Moses
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a global health problem that is almost recorded in every country. The long-term and long-term negative impacts of HIV cases are stigma and discrimination in people with HIV (PLHIV). The purpose of this study is to find out the stigma and discrimination felt by PLHIV.Method:This study design of systematic review from 4 electronic databases namely Scopus ScienceDirect, Sage and ProQuest by using keywords tailored to Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) including "Stress", "covid", "nursing", "hospital". This study uses PICOS framework to prevent research bias and analysed using descriptive analysis.Results:The results of the analysis of the article showed from 761 articles have been identified title, abstract and full-text so that recorded 15 articles that can be reviewed. The article consists of various designs, namely RCT, cross sectional and qualitative studies. Analysis shows that stigma and discrimination are social phenomena that manifest in several social areas.Conclusion:Stigma and discrimination in people with HIV (PLHIV) is still common, stigma is carried out by the wider community to their own families. The family approach is necessary to improve well-being as well as improve the social community of the family.
Smartphone Screen Integrated Optical Breathalyzer
Authors: Lapointe Jerome , Bécotte-Boutin Hélène-Sarah , Gagnon Stéphane , Levasseur Simon , Labranche Philippe , D’Auteuil Marc , Abdellatif Manel , Li Ming-Jun , Vallée Réal
Published: April 2021

One third of fatal car accidents and so much tragedies are due to alcohol abuse. These sad numbers could be mitigated if everyone had access to a breathalyzer anytime and anywhere. Having a breathalyzer built into a phone or a wearable could be the way to get around the reluctance to carry a separate device. Towards this goal, we propose an inexpensive breathalyzer that could be integrated in the screen of mobile devices. Our technology is based on the evaporation rate of the fog produced by the breath on the phone screen, which increases as a function of the breath alcohol content. The device simply uses a photodiode placed on the side of the screen to measure the signature of the scattered light intensity from the phone display that is guided through the stress layer of the Gorilla glass screen. A part of the display light is coupled to the stress layer via the evanescent field induced at the edge of the breath microdroplets. We demonstrate that the intensity signature measured at the detector can be linked to the blood alcohol content. We fabricated a prototype in a smartphone case powered by the phone’s battery, controlled by an application software installed in the smartphone and tested it in real-world environments. Limitations and future work toward a fully operational device are discussed.
New Insight into Quaternions and Their Matrices
Authors: Şentürk Gülsüm Yeliz , Gürses Nurten , Yüce Salim
Published: April 2021

The aim of this paper is to bring together quaternions and generalized complex numbers. Generalized quaternions with generalized complex number components are expressed and their algebraic structures are examined. Several matrix representations and computational results are introduced. As a crucial part, alternative approach for generalized quaternion matrix with elliptic number entries are developed.
Drinks and Food Caffeine Consumption and Factors Associated With Higher Intakes. A Cohort Study In Pregnant Women
Authors: Román-Gálvez María Rosario , Hernández-Martínez Loreto , Amezcua-Prieto Carmen , Cano-Ibañez Naomi , Olmedo-Requena Rocío , Martínez-Galiano Juan Miguel , Bueno-Cavanillas Aurora
Published: April 2021

We aimed to assess the caffeine intake before and during pregnancy, compliance with caffeine recommendations during pregnancy (200 mg/day) and factors associated with higher intakes before and in first trimester of pregnancy. Caffeine consumption was collected in a Spanish cohort of pregnant women through a validated food questionnaire, before and in each trimester of gestation (T1, T2 and T3). 463 pregnant women were recruited and follow-up through pregnancy. Compliance with caffeine intake recommendations during pregnancy and quintiles of mg/day of caffeine before and in T1 of pregnancy were calculated. A multivariate logistic regression, comparing extreme quintiles of consumption (Q1 vs Q5) was used. Mean caffeine intake before pregnancy was 120.05 mg/day (SD 117.85), 42.76 mg/day (SD 63.90) at 12th GW, 42.00 mg/day (SD 59.76) at 24th GW and 39.34 mg/day (SD 50.9) at 32nd GW (p<0.001). 86% of women complied with caffeine recommendations during pregnancy. At pregnancy (T1), being an active smoker was associated with Q5 > 100.1 mg/day, aOR = 22.69; 95% CI 4.67- 110.26. igh diet quality, aOR = 0.30; 95% CI, 0.13- 0.68, and moderate physical activity level, aOR= 0.44; 95% CI, 0.19-1.00, were inversely associated with Q5 > 100.1 mg/day. Pregnant women are mostly adhering to current caffeine intake guidelines. Higher caffeine intake at pregnancy is associated with other unhealthy habits during pregnancy.
Cryptosporidiosis Modulates the Gut Microbiome Metabolism and Immune Response in an Infected Host
Authors: Karpe Avinash V. , Hutton Melanie L. , Mileto Steven J. , James Meagan L. , Evans Chris , Shah Rohan M. , Ghodke Amol B. , Hillyer Katie E. , Metcalfe Suzanne S. , Liu Jian-Wei , Walsh Tom , Lyras Dena , Palombo Enzo A. , Beale David J.
Published: April 2021

Cryptosporidiosis is a major human health concern globally. Despite well-established methods, misdiagnosis remains common. Our understanding of the cryptosporidiosis biochemical mechanism remains limited, compounding the difficulty of clinical diagnosis. Here, we used a systems biology approach to investigate the underlying biochemical interactions in C57BL/6J mice infected with Cryptosporidium parvum. Faecal samples were collected daily following infection. Blood, liver tissues and luminal contents were collected 10 days post infection (dpi). High-resolution liquid chromatography and low-resolution gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry were used to analyse the proteomes and metabolomes of these samples. Faeces and luminal contents were additionally subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis of the acquired data illustrated altered host and microbial energy pathways during infection. Glycolysis/citrate cycle metabolites were depleted, while short-chain fatty acids and D-amino acids accumulated. An increased abundance of bacteria associated with a stressed gut environment was seen. Host proteins involved in energy pathways and Lactobacillus glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were upregulated during cryptosporidiosis. Liver oxalate also increased during infection. Microbiome-parasite relationships were observed to be more influential than the host-parasite association in mediating major biochemical changes in the mouse gut during cryptosporidiosis. Defining this parasite-microbiome interaction is the first step towards building a comprehensive cryptosporidiosis model towards biomarker discovery, and rapid and accurate diagnostics.
Designing Effective Wolbachia Release Programs for Mosquito and Arbovirus Control
Authors: Ross Perran
Published: April 2021

Mosquitoes carrying endosymbiotic bacteria called Wolbachia are being released in mosquito and arbovirus control programs around the world. Open field releases of Wolbachia-infected male mosquitoes have achieved over 95% population suppression, while the replacement of populations with Wolbachia-infected females is self-sustaining and can greatly reduce local dengue transmission. Despite many successful interventions, significant questions and challenges lie ahead. Wolbachia, viruses and their mosquito hosts can evolve, leading to uncertainty around the long-term effectiveness of a given Wolbachia strain, while few ecological impacts of Wolbachia releases have been explored. Wolbachia strains are diverse and the choice of strain to release should be made carefully, taking environmental conditions and the release objective into account. Mosquito quality control, thoughtful community awareness programs and long-term monitoring of populations are essential for all types of Wolbachia intervention. Releases of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes show great promise, but existing control measures remain an important way to reduce the burden of mosquito-borne disease.
Changes in Facial Recognition and Facial Expressions with Age
Authors: Ko Hyunwoong , Kim Kisun , Bae Minju , Seo Myo-Geong , Nam Gieun , Park Seho , Park Soowon , Ihm Jungjoon , Lee Jun-Young
Published: April 2021

The ability to express and recognize emotion via facial expressions is well known to change with age. The present study investigated the differences in the facial recognition and facial expression of the elderly (n = 57) and the young (n = 115) and measure how each group uses different facial muscles for each emotion with Facial Action Coding System (FACS). In facial recognition task, the elderly did not recognize facial expressions better than young people and reported stronger feelings of fear and sad from photographs. In making facial expression task, the elderly rated all their facial expressions as stronger than the younger, but in fact, they expressed strong expressions in fear and anger. Furthermore, the elderly used more muscles in the lower face when making facial expressions than younger people. These results help to understand better how the facial recognition and expression of the elderly change, and show that the elderly do not effectively execute the top-down processing concerning facial expression.
Aim: To determine the efficacy of health beliefs model –based intervention in changing the belief related to substance use among university student in Mosul city-Iraq.
Authors: Naji Arkan Bahlol , Younis Nasir Muwfaq
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Aim: To determine the efficacy of health beliefs model –based intervention in changing the belief related to substance use among university student in Mosul city-Iraq.
Design: A randomized controlled trial.
Methods: A probability (simple random sample) of (N=80) undergraduate student in different specialties would be selected. The study sample will be recruited from (4) colleges in the University of Mosul's Engineering, Sciences, Medicine and Education Colleges. The sample will be randomly assigned into experimental and control groups of (40) undergraduate student for each group. Such chosen is employed of pool of topics that have the criteria contain students who have using on (Smoking, Hookah, Drug abuse and Alcohol).For during from 25of October / 2019 till 1 of February/2021. Data is analyzed using the "Statistical Package for Social Science" (SPSS) software for Windows (V:26).
Results: This finding indicated that before the intervention, mean scores for all concepts of HBM, add to Motivation, Control, and behaviors intensions of students they were almost equal. However, after the intervention were significantly different in the study group, while it was not significant in the control group.
Conclusion:This study concluded that designing an HBM-based study could affect students' understanding and their behaviors in the field of substance abuse. Considering the positive correlation between construct of HBM, particularly in "perceived benefits and perceived severity" related to students’ beliefs. These beliefs implied a significant correlation with each other and with the attention to the prevention of addiction.
Impact of TSPO Receptor Polymorphism on [18F]GE-180 Binding in Healthy Brain and Pseudo-Reference Regions of Neurooncological and Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Vettermann Franziska J. , Harris Stefanie , Schmitt Julia , Unterrainer Marcus , Lindner Simon , Rauchmann Boris-Stephan , Palleis Carla , Weidinger Endy , Beyer Leonie , Eckenweber Florian , Schuster Sebastian , Biechele Gloria , Ferschmann Christian , Milenkovic Vladimir M. , Wetzel Christian H. , Rupprecht Rainer , Janowitz Daniel , Buerger Katharina , Perneczky Robert , Höglinger Günter U. , Levin Johannes , Haass Christian , Tonn Joerg C. , Niyazi Maximilian , Bartenstein Peter , Albert Nathalie L. , Brendel Matthias
Published: April 2021

TSPO-PET tracers are sensitive to a single-nucleotide-polymorphism (rs6971-SNP) resulting in low (LAB), medium (MAB) and high (HAB) affinity binders, but the clinical relevance for [18F]GE-180 is still unclear. We evaluate the impact of rs6971-SNP on in vivo [18F]GE-180 binding in healthy brain and in pseudo-reference tissue in neurooncological and neurodegenerative diseases. Standardized uptake values (SUV) of [18F]GE-180-PET were assessed using a manually drawn region of interest in the fronto-parietal and cerebellar hemisphere. SUVs were compared between LAB, MAB and HAB in controls, glioma, 4-repeat tauopathies (4RT) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) subjects. Second, SUVs were compared between patients and controls within their rs6971-subgroup. After exclusion of patients with prior therapy, n=24 LABs (n=7 controls, n=5 glioma, n=6 4RT, n=6 AD) were analysed. Age- and sex-matched MABs (n=38) and HABs (n=50) were selected. LABs had lower fronto-parietal and cerebellar SUVs when compared to MABs and HABs, but no significant difference was observed between MABs and HABs. Within each rs6971 group no SUV difference between patients and controls was detected in the pseudo-reference tissues. The rs6971-SNP affects [18F]GE-180 quantification, revealing lower binding in LABs when compared to MABs/HABs. Fronto-parietal and cerebellar ROIs were successfully validated as pseudo-reference regions.
Peningkatan Mutu dan Keekonomian Kopi Arabika Melalui Penyangraian Kompleks
Authors: Maulid Muhammad Rifqi , Purwanto Eko Heri , Mardawati Efri , Harahap Budi Mandra , Saefudin Saefudin
Published: April 2021

Quality and techno-economic improvement is important to increase export value of coffee in Indonesia. Complex roasting is one excellent method in increasing the added value of coffee, such as Coffea arabica var. Sigarar Utang which is the best coffee variety in Indonesia. The study was carried out at The Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), Sukabumi, West Java, from January to November 2020 which aimed: (1) to evaluate the effect of initial temperature and roasting degree on the quality of Sigarar Utang coffee bean, and (2) to evaluate the mass balance and economic feasibility of the best roasting treatment. This study was designed in a factorial completely randomized design, using 2 factors, and 2 replications. The first factor was the initial temperature which consisted of 2 levels (185 oC dan 210 oC), and the second factor was the roasting degree which consisted of 2 levels (light-medium and medium-dark). The variables observed were the water content, ash content, bulk density, brix, titratable acidity, pH, radical scavenging (antioxidant) activity, and caffeine content. The results showed that the complex roasting method with an initial temperature of 210 oC and mild-moderate roasting degrees generated a quality of Sigarar Utang coffee originating from Gunung Putri, IIBCRI, closest to the quality I of SNI 01-3542-2004. The roasted coffee beans have a special taste (score 86.51) which is a high added value. The production economic value is feasible to be adopted by small-medium scale coffee industry.
FOREIGN OWNERSHIP, STOCK PERFORMANCE-RISK, AND MACROECONOMIC FACTORS IN ASEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Naufa Ahmad Maulin , Hanafi Mamduh M. , Lantara I Wayan Nuka
Published: April 2021

This research examines the impact of foreign ownership on stock performance-risk and macroeconomic factors in countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). To examine our research question, we utilize annual panel data consisting of listed companies (2007 to 2018). We find that foreign ownership enhances stock performance and gross domestic product, but it decreases risk, exchange, and interest rate. Conversely, performance and GDP attract foreign investors, but risk, exchange, and interest rates reduce it. Those results differ in diverse settings and countries.
Format Cetak vs Digital: Preferensi Membaca Bahan Bacaan Akademik Mahasiswa Pascasarjana Universitas Indonesia
Authors: Munandar Doan Ilman
Published: April 2021

Reading media as tools to convey information has undergone physical radical changes. Since the invention of the printing press in the 15th century, until the digital revolution in the 1980s, the habits of reading people have undergone many changes. In the past people had to buy reading media in print, nowadays only by downloading files in digital format, someone can already do reading activities on cellphones, tablets, and computers. No exception for the habit of reading academic material on students, several studies show a tendency for student preferences in reading academic material in digital format rather than in printed format. This study examined the preferences of the graduate students in University of Indonesia in reading academic reading materials such as textbooks and scientific journals. An online questionnaire used to collect data and 68 graduate students participated in this study.The results of the study show that although postgraduate students prefer digital formats, the print format is more convenient and make them more focused on reading.
Evaluation of Geohazards in the Cape Girardeau area using LiDAR and GIS, Southeast Missouri, USA
Authors: ILESANMI OLUFEYISAYO B , Rogers J David , Oboh-Ikuenobe Francisca E
Published: April 2021

The New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ) has historically recorded some of the largest intensity earthquakes in North America, including significant earth movements that resulted in about 2,000 felt earthquakes during 1811-1812. The region continues to experience mass wasting due to earth movements. The aim of this study is to understand the influence of geologic variables on mass wasting processes in the greater Cape Girardeau area; which forms the commercial center of Missouri's fertile "Bootheel" region. Earth movement susceptibility was evaluated in Cape Girardeau and Bollinger counties and portions of Stoddard and Scott counties by mapping potential landslide features on topographic maps, field verification of such features, and geospatial analysis of recent LiDAR imagery. In order to evaluate the changes in surface morphology, slope inclination, hillshade aspect, hydrology, lithology, faults, precipitation, seismicity, sinkholes, and geohydrology were considered. Geographically weighted analysis of the geomorphologic variables identified zones of relative risk. In addition, data were evaluated for oil and gas pipelines, bridges, utilities, and open pit mines associated with mass wasting on public and economic infrastructure. The results suggest that anthropogenic changes commonly associated with urban development impact land use, runoff, infiltration, and slope failures, while sustained precipitation and seismic ground shaking tend to trigger landslides. The scale of mass wasting in the study area was robust, varying from as small as one-half hectare to as much as 67 km2. The vulnerability of the population in susceptible areas tends to increase at the lower elevations and on alluvial flood plains. Thus, hazard susceptibility evaluation can be useful in both community planning as well as emergency preparedness.
Community-driven tree planting greens the neighbouring landscape
Authors: Buxton Joshua , Powell Thomas , Ambler John , Boulton Chris , Nicholson Arwen , Arthur Rudy , Lees Kirsten , Williams Hywel , Lenton Timothy
Published: April 2021

Nature-based solutions to climate change are growing policy priorities yet remain hard to quantify. Here we use remote sensing to quantify direct and indirect benefits from community-led agroforestry by The International Small group and Tree planting program (TIST) in Kenya. Since 2005, TIST-Kenya has incentivised smallholder farmers to plant trees for agricultural benefit and to sequester CO2. We use Landsat-7 satellite imagery to examine the effect on the historically deforested landscape around Mount Kenya. We identify positive greening trends in TIST groves during 2000-2019 relative to the wider landscape. These groves cover 27,198 hectares, and a further 27,750 hectares of neighbouring agricultural land is also positively influenced by TIST. This positive ‘spill-over’ impact of TIST activity occurs at up to 360m distance. TIST also benefits local forests, e.g. through reducing fuelwood and fodder extraction. Our results show that community-led initiatives can lead to successful landscape-scale regreening on decadal timescales.
Taking Full Advantage of Modelling to Better Assess Environmental Risk Due to Xenobiotics
Authors: Charles Sandrine , Ratier Aude , Baudrot Virgile , Multari Gauthier , Siberchicot Aurélie , Wu Dan , Lopes Christelle
Published: April 2021

In the European Union, more than 100,000 man-made chemical substances are awaiting an environmental risk assessment (ERA). Simultaneously, ERA of chemicals has now entered a new era. Indeed, recent recommendations from regulatory bodies underline a crucial need for the use of mechanistic effect models, allowing assessments that are not only ecologically relevant, but also more integrative, consistent and efficient. At the individual level, toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models are particularly encouraged for the regulatory assessment of pesticide-related risks on aquatic organisms. In this paper, we first propose a brief review of classical dose-response models to put into light the on-line MOSAIC tool offering all necessary services in a turnkey web platform whatever the type of data to analyze. Then, we focus on the necessity to account for the time-dimension of the exposure by illustrating how MOSAIC can support a robust calculation of bioaccumulation factors. At last, we show how MOSAIC can be of valuable help to fully complete the EFSA workflow regarding the use of TKTD models, especially with GUTS models, providing a user-friendly interface for calibrating, validating and predicting survival over time under any time-variable exposure scenario of interest. Our conclusion proposes a few lines of thought for an even easier use of modelling in ERA.
Potential of Recalcitrant Effluent to Generate Biogas by Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket and Mechanical Vapour Recompression (MVR) -A Case Study
Authors: Wagh Manoj , Nemade Pravin , Biradar Ashok
Published: April 2021

The spent wash generated in the distillation process has very high organic content like biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), which are treated to curtail the levels of COD and BOD. Day by day the rules and legislation are stringent and mandatory for disposal of distillery spent wash. Anaerobic treatment is the primary treatment widely adopted to generate biogas. To find out the potential of recalcitrant effluent a case study of the full-scale operating biomethanation plants at Sanjivani, SSK Ltd, Kopargaon, (M.S), India and Spectrum Renewable Energy Pvt. Ltd. (SREL) Warnanagar (M. S.), India was incorporated. Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket treatment was implemented to generate the biogas. Sanjivani distillery industry, Kopargaon has a COD removal efficiency of 70–72% with specific biogas generation of 0.5 m3/ kg COD removal, and total biogas generated is 38000 Nm3/d. Mechanical Vapour Recompression (MVR) is the cutting-edge technology executed to convert distillery spent wash into useful by-products such as biogas, clean water, and organic manure.
Experimental Study on Rheological Disturbance Effect of Gas-Bearing Coal Rock
Authors: Wang Bo , Huang Zikang , Hu Shiyu , Lu Changliang , Yang Peiji , Wang Ling , Huang Wanpeng
Published: April 2021

In view of the dynamic phenomenon that coal and rock are susceptible to external impact disturbance in the mining process, combined with the rheological hypothesis mechanism of coal and gas outburst, the RLSS-II type triaxial loading creep test system of gas-containing coal and rock developed by ourselves is used to carry out the conventional triaxial rheological test of gas-containing coal and rock and the rheological disturbance effect test of gas-containing coal and rock under impact disturbance. The strength limit neighborhood of gas-containing coal and rock is determined, and the gas-containing coal and rock entering the strength limit neighborhood are subjected to different impact disturbances. The experimental results show that : (1) Under the confining pressure of 0MPa, 2.5MPa and 5MPa, the longitudinal deformation of gas-bearing coal and rock are 32mm, 27mm and 22mm, respectively, indicating that the deformation of coal and rock will be affected by confining pressure, and with the increase of confining pressure, the deformation will decrease. (2) In the test, the deformation of coal and rock in the late stage of uniform creep stage can be regarded as a strain threshold. Before this threshold, the strain of coal and rock is not obvious, and the deformation is only 1.1mm. After exceeding a threshold, the deformation of coal and rock is 9mm, and the deformation increases significantly. Then, it enters the accelerated creep stage quickly and finally damages. The vicinity of this threshold is called the strength limit neighborhood of coal and rock containing gas. (3) The gas-bearing coal and rock without entering the strength limit neighborhood and entering the strength limit neighborhood are changed by confining pressure and different impact disturbance respectively. It is found that whether in the strength limit neighborhood or outside the strength limit neighborhood, the confining pressure has an effect on the strain, but the influence is not large ; Under different impact disturbance, the deformation of coal and rock within and outside the strength limit neighborhood is 8mm and 0.4mm, respectively, and the deformation changes obviously, indicating that the impact disturbance has a great influence on the deformation of coal and rock within the strength limit neighborhood, and the coal and rock with large impact disturbance is destroyed before the coal and rock with small impact disturbance, indicating that the greater the impact disturbance, the shorter the time required for destruction.
Sonocatalytic Removal of Ciprofloxacin by Fe-Doped Tio2 Nanoparticles from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Kamani Hossein , Shirazi Reza Haji Seyed Mohammad , Norabadi Elham , Hassani Amir Hessam , khalili Abbas
Published: April 2021

The present study was an experimental-laboratory study conducted as a batch system. Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol-gel method, and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Diffuse Reflectance Spectra (DRS) analyses were used to determine the properties of the synthesized nanoparticles. The effect of different variables including pH (3–9), initial concentration of ciprofloxacin (25–75 mg/L), and nanoparticle concentration (200–600 mg/L) at different times (15–60 minutes) was examined in sonocatalytic removal of ciprofloxacin. The results of this study disclosed that the maximum removal efficiency of ciprofloxacin is achievable at a pH of 9, initial concentration of ciprofloxacin 25 mg/L, and Fe-doped TiO2 dose of 600 mg/L using ultrasound wave with a constant frequency of 35 kHz after 60 min. Therefore, due to the high efficiency of sonocatalytic removal, the employment of this process to remove ciprofloxacin and other antibiotics in water and wastewater treatment processes is recommended.