bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rethinking the Admissions Interview: Piloting Multiple Mini-Interviews in a Graduate Psychology Program
Authors: Clark Jennifer R. , Miller Catherine A. , Garwood Erin L.
Published: December 2019

Health profession programs routinely utilize traditional interviews in admissions as a means of assessing important non-academic characteristics (e.g., critical thinking, interpersonal skills, judgment) of candidates. However, the reliability and validity of traditional interviews is highly questionable. Given this, multiple health profession programs (e.g., medicine, nursing, pharmacy, physical therapy) have implemented multiple mini-interviews as an alternative for assessing non-academic characteristics. This paper describes the development and implementation of multiple mini-interviews in the admissions process for a doctoral clinical psychology program, one of the health professions yet to use multiple mini-interviews. This paper also examines the feasibility and acceptability of the multiple mini-interviews in this program. Results of a mixed-method survey of all 120 candidates who participated in admissions days are presented along with discussion of factors associated with satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Recommendations for program refinement and application to other graduate psychology programs for improved admissions processes are discussed.
Social Structure and Distributive Policies under the PT Governments: A Poverty-Reducing Variety of Neoliberalism
Authors: Loureiro Pedro Mendes
Published: December 2019

Brazil’s social structure and associated distributive policies during the PT governments did not depart from neoliberalism but rather implemented a poverty-reducing variant of it. Through minimum-wage hikes, conditional cash transfers, legislation driving financial innovation, and the subsidizing of privately provided for-profit services, state power was used to include individuals in ever-expanding formal circuits of commodity production and consumption. Deprivation in multiple dimensions was indeed reduced through these policies, but in the process social mobility came to mean exiting poverty, getting a formal low-skilled job, and accessing credit at lower interest rates to pay for state-subsidized private health and education.

A estrutura social do Brasil e as políticas distributivas associadas a ela durante os governos do PT não se afastaram do neoliberalismo, mas sim implementaram uma variante de neoliberalismo redutora da pobreza. Por meio de aumentos do salário mínimo, transferências condicionais de renda, legislação que impulsionava a inovação financeira e o subsídio para serviços privados prestados com fins lucrativos, o poder do Estado foi usado para incluir indivíduos em crescentes circuitos formais de produção e consumo de mercadorias. A privação em múltiplas dimensões foi realmente reduzida por meio dessas políticas, mas neste processo a mobilidade social passou a significar sair da pobreza, conseguir um emprego formal pouco qualificado e obter crédito a taxas de juros mais baixas para pagar pela saúde e educação privadas subsidiadas pelo Estado.
Smart backstepping control using revised recurrent fuzzy neural network and revised ant colony optimization for linear permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system
Authors: Lin Chih-Hong , Chang Kuo-Tsai
Published: December 2019

Because of the uncertainty’s action in a linear permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system such as the external load force, the cogging force, the column friction force and the Stribeck effect force and the parameters variations, it is difficult to reach specific control performances by using the existing linear controller. To raise robustness under occurrence of parameters uncertainties and external force disturbances, the smart backstepping control system with three adaptive laws is proposed for controlling the linear permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system. In accordance with the Lyapunov function, three adaptive laws are derived to ameliorate the system’s robustness. Furthermore, the smart backstepping control system using revised recurrent fuzzy neural network and revised ant colony optimization with the compensated controller is proposed to improve the control performance. The revised recurrent fuzzy neural network acts as the estimator of the uncertainty’s disturbances. In addition, the compensated controller with error estimation law is proposed to compensate the minimum rebuilt error. Moreover, two learning rates of the weights in the revised recurrent fuzzy neural network are derived according to the discrete-type Lyapunov stability to assure convergence of the output tracking error and are adopted by using the revised ant colony optimization to speed-up parameter’s convergence. Finally, some comparative performances are verified through some tentative upshots that the smart backstepping control system by virtue of revised recurrent fuzzy neural network and revised ant colony optimization with the compensated controller results in better control performances for the linear permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system.
Intelligent fuzzy algorithm for nonlinear discrete-time systems
Authors: Chen Tim , Chen CYJ
Published: December 2019

This paper is concerned with the stability analysis and the synthesis of model-based fuzzy controllers for a nonlinear large-scale system. In evolved fuzzy NN (neural network) modeling, the NN model and LDI (linear differential inclusion) representation are established for the arbitrary nonlinear dynamics. The evolved bat algorithm (EBA) is first incorporated in the controlled algorithm of stability conditions, which could rapidly find the optimal solution and raise the control performance. This representation is constructed by taking advantage of sector nonlinearity that converts the nonlinear model to a multiple rule base linear model. A new sufficient condition guaranteeing asymptotic stability is implemented via the Lyapunov function in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Subsequently, based on this criterion and the decentralized control scheme, an evolved model-based fuzzy H infinity set is synthesized to stabilize the nonlinear large-scale system. Finally, a numerical example and simulation is given to illustrate the results.
Inferencing questions embedded in a children’s book help children make more inferences
Authors: de Koning Björn B. , Wassenburg Stephanie I. , Ganushchak Lesya Y. , Krijnen Eke , van Steensel Roel
Published: December 2019

The ability to deduce implicit information about relations in a text (i.e., inferencing) is essential to understanding that text. Hence, there is increasing attention for supporting inferencing skills among children in early literacy programs including shared book reading interventions. This study investigated whether embedding scripted inferencing questions in a story that children (4.3–6.6 years) and parents ( N = 32 parent–child dyads) read together increases the number of inferences during shared reading and supports children’s story comprehension. Results showed that during shared book reading parents and children made more inferences when the book contained scripted inferencing questions. However, there were no associated benefits regarding story comprehension: having read with scripted inferencing questions resulted in comparable story comprehension as reading without scripted inferencing questions. In addition, after reading with scripted inferencing questions more inferences were made during shared reading of a second book without scripted inferencing questions.
On the outside looking in? A micro-level analysis of insiders’ and outsiders’ trade union membership
Authors: Jansen Giedo , Lehr Alex
Published: December 2019

Although studies have signaled a gap in trade union representation between workers with secure employment (i.e., ‘insiders’) and those without (i.e., ‘outsiders’), this gap has rarely been empirically analyzed at the micro-level. With recent micro-level data from the Netherlands, this study addresses two questions. First, to what extent do insiders and outsiders, measured through individuals’ employment status and self-perceived social risk, differ in their willingness/probability to join trade unions? Second, to what extent can these differences in trade union membership be explained as resulting from perceptions of interest representation and/or workplace social cohesion? The results suggests a clear insider–outsider gap in trade union membership related to employment status, but not to social risk. Furthermore, this gap can be explained by differences in perceptions of representation, but not workplace social cohesion.
Postpneumonectomy empyema: risk factors, prevention, diagnosis, and management
Authors: Hicham Harmouchi , Ibrahim Issoufou , Rabiou Sani , Marouane Lakranbi , Yassine Ouadnouni , Mohamed Smahi
Published: December 2019

Postpneumonectomy empyema is a collection of pus in the pleural space after removal of the underlying lung. Postpneumonectomy empyema is a serious complication responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality. Several risk factors for the development of postpneumonectomy empyema have been highlighted in the literature. The association of postpneumonectomy empyema with a bronchopleural fistula increases the rate of mortality by flooding the remaining lung. The management of postpneumonectomy empyema depends on the timing of presentation and the presence or absence of a bronchopleural fistula. The goals of care in the acute period are mainly preservation of the contralateral lung and sterilization of the pleural space, which may take a considerable time. The aims in the late period are closure of the bronchopleural fistula, obliteration of the pleural space, and closure of the chest wall.
Entrepreneurial actions and the legitimation of free/open source software services
Authors: Marsan Josianne , Carillo Kevin Daniel André , Negoita Bogdan
Published: December 2019

Free/open source software users were previously responsible for managing the challenges associated with their software themselves. Recently, a new generation of entrepreneurs seized this emerging market opportunity by positioning themselves as service providers for free/open source software users. Conceptualizing such providers as “institutional entrepreneurs,” we find that due to the nature of the free/open source software context, they exhibit a different set of legitimation actions compared with similar efforts in other contexts. Based on our empirical analysis of free/open source software service providers and drawing on prior theory, we identify two entrepreneurial actions aimed at gaining legitimacy specific to the free/open source software context, namely, product-based theorization actions and evangelization actions. We also demonstrate that institutional entrepreneurship is shaped by the nature of free/open source software products and the openness values at the core of the free/open source software movement. Our work hence underscores the importance of the context of institutional entrepreneurship.
The perception of barriers concerning opioid medicines: A survey examining differences between policy makers, healthcare professionals and other stakeholders
Authors: Vranken Marjolein JM , Linge-Dahl Lisa , Mantel-Teeuwisse Aukje K , Radbruch Lukas , Schutjens Marie-Hélène DB , Scholten Willem , Payne Sheila , Jünger Saskia
Published: December 2019

Background:

In many countries, the consumption of opioid medicines is too low to meet population needs. Discussions within the Access To Opioid Medication in Europe project indicated that there may be significant differences in the perception of barriers for their adequate use, depending on the stakeholders.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to examine the perception of barriers and their impact concerning opioid medicines, comparing policy makers, healthcare professionals working in the field of pain management, palliative care or harm reduction and other stakeholders.

Design:

Data were collected using a questionnaire partially constructed from existing surveys, reviewed for content validity by four experts and pilot-tested in Latvia.

Setting/participants:

Participants of the Access to Opioid Medication in Europe national conferences were invited to complete the questionnaire. Stakeholder groups were compared using non-parametric rank-sum tests.

Results:

In total, 199 participants (54%) in seven countries completed the questionnaire. Most frequently rated major barriers included lack of financial resources and inadequate knowledge, skills and training among policy makers (55%–66%). Overall, policy makers perceived issues less often as major barriers or having major impact (29% barrier, 32% impact) compared to other stakeholders (36%–42% barrier, 39%–51% impact). Significant differences were seen on several aspects. For example, excessive regulation or bureaucracy for prescribing was rated as having major impact by 55%–57% of healthcare professionals in contrast to only 20% of the policy makers ( p = 0.002).

Conclusion:

Multiple barriers may play an important role, partly depending on the perspective of the stakeholder involved. Hence, when addressing perceived barriers, it is important to include all relevant stakeholder groups. Only then, effective and widely supported solutions can be implemented.
Endothelial progenitor cell transplantation alleviated ischemic brain injury via inhibiting C3/C3aR pathway in mice
Authors: Ma Yuanyuan , Jiang Lu , Wang Liping , Li Yongfang , Liu Yanqun , Lu Wenjing , Shi Rubing , Zhang Linyuan , Fu Zongjie , Qu Meijie , Liu Yingling , Wang Yongting , Zhang Zhijun , Yang Guo-Yuan
Published: December 2019

Endothelial progenitor cell transplantation is a potential therapeutic approach in brain ischemia. However, whether the therapeutic effect of endothelial progenitor cells is via affecting complement activation is unknown. We established a mouse focal ischemia model ( n = 111) and transplanted endothelial progenitor cells into the peri-infarct region immediately after brain ischemia. Neurological outcomes and brain infarct/atrophy volume were examined after ischemia. Expression of C3, C3aR and pro-inflammatory factors were further examined to explore the role of endothelial progenitor cells in ischemic brain. We found that endothelial progenitor cells improved neurological outcomes and reduced brain infarct/atrophy volume after 1 to 14 days of ischemia compared to the control ( p <  0.05). C3 and C3aR expression in the brain was up-regulated at 1 day up to 14 days ( p <  0.05). Endothelial progenitor cells reduced astrocyte-derived C3 ( p <  0.05) and C3aR expression ( p <  0.05) after ischemia. Endothelial progenitor cells also reduced inflammatory response after ischemia ( p <  0.05). Endothelial progenitor cell transplantation reduced astrocyte-derived C3 expression in the brain after ischemic stroke, together with decreased C3aR and inflammatory response contributing to neurological function recovery. Our results indicate that modulating complement C3/C3aR pathway is a novel therapeutic target for the ischemic stroke.
Promoting Smoking Cessation in Costa Rica: A Focus Group Study of Smokers and Ex-Smokers
Authors: Feldman Robert H. , Villalobos Alfonso , Rodriguez Roberto
Published: December 2019

In developing worksite smoking cessation programs in Costa Rica, it is necessary to gain an understanding of smokers and ex-smokers. For smokers, it was necessary to know the barriers to quitting and what they thought may help them. For ex-smokers, we wanted to identify the main factors that helped them to successfully quit. Two separate focus groups were conducted of smokers ( n = 6) and ex-smokers ( n = 9) who worked at the Department of Justice. Results indicated that the key factors for both ex-smokers and smokers were social factors—family and coworkers. Participants viewed family support as fundamental to successful quitting. Smokers mentioned that the Justice Department could help them stop smoking by eliciting the support of ex-smoking coworkers. Major barriers to quitting were workplace stress and the presence of other smokers. In conclusion, family members and ex-smoking coworkers can play an important role in worksite smoking cessation programs in Costa Rica.
A Short-Duration Combined Exercise and Education Program to Improve Physical Function and Social Engagement in Community-Dwelling Elderly Adults
Authors: Yamamoto Satoshi , Ishii Daisuke , Noguchi Akira , Tanamachi Kenya , Okamoto Yoshitaka , Takasaki Yuka , Miyata Kazuhiro , Fujita Yoshihiko , Kishimoto Hiroshi , Hotta Kazushi , Iwai Koichi , Kohno Yutaka
Published: December 2019

Exercise is a key intervention for improving older adults’ physical function and life expectancy. Here, we investigated a short-term intervention program designed to improve the physical functioning of elderly adults in a community-dwelling setting. We examined the effect of a 5-week combined exercise and education program on the physical function, social engagement, mobility performance, and fear of falling in 42 subjects older than 65 years. Eleven subjects dropped out. There was significant improvement in the 30-second chair stand test ( p < .001) and timed up-and-go test ( p < .001) between the baseline and the last session. At the end of the intervention, the subjects’ social engagement was significantly higher than at baseline ( p = .022), but this improvement was not maintained in the follow-up assessment. These results suggest that a combined exercise and education program can improve the physical function and social engagement of elderly individuals living in a community dwelling.
Social Consequences of Nascent Markets: Emergence and Growth of Begging in 1859-1880 Denver
Authors: Conejo Francisco J. , Wooliscroft Ben
Published: December 2019

This study explores indigence as a potential by-product of newly-formed markets, and inquires into the factors from which this indigence might develop. Both are addressed via historical research, in the context of 19th-century Denver, Colorado, U.S., using beggars as a proxy for the indigent. Data from period newspapers indicates that begging emerged concurrently with Denver’s 1858 foundation. By 1880 it reached significant proportions. Consistent with the literature, Denver begging derived from interrelated micro, meso, and macro factors: Immigration, venture failure, vice, economic reactivation, proletarianization, lack of social support, government policy, environmental degradation, racial discrimination, and personal choice. These ten factors mirror some of the issues still confronting Denver and other cities/countries today. We conclude that indigence does not necessarily result from personal flaws, nor is it an anomaly of otherwise well-operating markets. It can be a byproduct of larger, more complex market systems, exacerbated by the canons of laissez-faire economics. Historical marketing research enhances how current market issues are understood.
Quasi-static modeling of a novel growing soft-continuum robot
Authors: Tutcu Cem , Baydere Bora A. , Talas Seref K. , Samur Evren
Published: December 2019

Soft-continuum robots attract researchers owing to their advantages over rigid-bodied robots such as adaptation of the flexible structure to tortuous environments, and compliant contact mechanics. The need for new modeling methods to attain precise control for such systems has emerged from the recent rapid progress in soft robotics. This article presents a quasi-static model for a growing soft-continuum robot that is propelled via thin-walled inflated tubes, and steered by the difference between tube lengths. Therefore, the robot shaft is modeled as a series of inflated beams under deformation. A quasi-static model coupled with a kinematic model is developed to accurately position the end effector while accounting for the inflated beam stiffness and end-effector loads. The proposed model calculates control parameters, namely tube lengths and tendon tensions required to maintain the end effector at a certain position. Tip deflection due to end-effector loading is calculated and kinematic model inputs are updated to correct positioning error caused by shaft deformation. The model is simulated for the soft-continuum robot moving on a path to show the change in model parameters for various end-effector positions. Results demonstrate the significance of including pressurized tube stiffness in the model for growing robots of similar type. Second, the need for tendons in addition to pneumatic actuation is emphasized for accurate positioning of the end effector under loading. The proposed model offers a potential method for simulation and control of similar growing soft-continuum robots presented in the literature.
Variation of the apparent diffusion coefficient of skull bone marrow by age group, pubertal status, and gender in a pediatric population
Authors: Pace Erika , MacKinnon Andrew D , deSouza Nandita M
Published: December 2019

Background

Bone marrow composition varies with stage of development.

Purpose

To assess differences in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) derived from clivus bone marrow in healthy children by age, pubertal status, and gender as a benchmark when monitoring local and systemic treatment-induced effects.

Material and Methods

Non-oncological pediatric patients (30 pre-pubertal [15 girls, 15 boys] and 30 post-pubertal [15 girls, 15 boys]) with previous normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain including diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI; 1.5-T Philips Achieva-Ingenia, b-values 0 and 1000s/mm2) were studied. A 4–6 mm diameter region of interest (ROI), drawn within the clivus on two or three DW-MRI slices, yielded mean and centile ADC values. Pubertal status was recognized from imaging appearances of the pituitary gland and from fusion of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis. Correlations between ADC and age were assessed (Pearson’s coefficient). Mann–Whitney U tests compared ADC by age, pubertal status, and gender.

Results

Age and ADC were significantly negatively correlated (median ADC r=–0.48, mean ADC r=–0.42, P=0.0001 and 0.0008, respectively) which held true when divided by gender. Mean and median ADC differed significantly before and after puberty for the whole population ( P=0.0001 and 0.0001, respectively). There was a left shift of the ADC histogram after puberty with significant differences in centile values. ADC differences before and after puberty remained when divided by gender (girls: P=0.04 and 0.009, respectively; boys: P=0.005 and 0.0002, respectively).

Conclusion

ADC of clivus bone marrow correlates with age in children. ADC decreases significantly after puberty, likely due to replacement of hypercellular marrow with fat. There are no gender-related differences in clivus bone-marrow ADC before or after puberty.
Role of spinal adenosine A1 receptors in the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture in a rat model of neuropathic pain
Authors: Dai Qin-xue , Huang Lu-ping , Mo Yun-chang , Yu Li-na , Du Wen-wen , Zhang An-qi , Geng Wu-jun , Wang Jun-lu , Yan Min
Published: December 2019

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the role of spinal adenosine A1 receptors (A1Rs) in the analgesic effects of electroacupuncture (EA) for neuropathic pain.

Methods

We performed EA for 30 minutes at the zusanli acupoint in the legs of rats with previously induced chronic constriction injuries and observed the mechanical and thermal pain thresholds 1 hour later. We also examined adenosine levels by high-performance liquid chromatography and A1R expression in the L4–6 spinal cord by western blot analysis. We then injected A1R short interfering RNA (AV-shA1RNA) into the L4–6 spinal cord to downregulate A1R expression and re-examined the mechanical and thermal pain thresholds.

Results

Adenosine levels and A1R expression in the L4–6 spinal cord were increased at 1 hour after EA. In addition, EA exhibited an analgesic effect that was reversed by AV-shA1RNA.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that EA at the zusanli acupoint elicits an analgesic effect against neuropathic pain, mediated by A1Rs in the spinal cord.
Effect of low glycaemic diet and structured exercise on quality of life and psychosocial functions in children with epilepsy
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Yu Liqun , Li Hui , Liu Yong
Published: December 2019

Objective

The study aimed to investigate the combined effects of structured exercise therapy and a low glycaemic diet on quality of life and psychosocial functions in children with epilepsy.

Methods

Forty-two subjects aged 11 to 17 years and diagnosed with refractory epilepsy were recruited. Structured home-based exercise and a low glycaemic diet designed by exercise and diet specialists were administered for 6 months. The Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) and the Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy Questionnaire (QOLCE-55) were administrated to compare the effects of the combined treatment after 6 months.

Results

Participants’ mean (±standard deviation) age was 13.1 ± 2.3 years and mean epilepsy duration was 8.9 ± 4.2 years. The seizure frequency was approximately two to four/day per week in 28 cases and five per day/week in 8 cases. After the study period, there was a significant improvement in seizure frequency and in scores on the CDI and QOLCE-55 scales.

Conclusion

Combined therapy demonstrated a promising improvement in seizure frequency, depression level and quality of life in children with epilepsy.
Piano training enhances Stroop performance and musical self-efficacy in older adults with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Bugos Jennifer A , Lesiuk Teresa , Nathani Shafa
Published: December 2019

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is commonly associated with motor symptoms; however, many patients with PD exhibit decline in executive functions. Executive functions refer to a broad array of generalized cognitive abilities such as cognitive control and working memory. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact of a novel intense group piano training program on executive functions in patients with PD. Forty-five patients with PD were assigned to an intense group piano training program or a waitlist control group. Group intensive piano training consisted of basic piano technique, finger dexterity exercises, basic piano repertoire, and music theory, presented over a 10-day period (30 hrs of training). Participants completed a battery of standardized cognitive measures of processing speed, cognitive control, and verbal fluency, pre- and post-training. Results of an independent samples Mann–Whitney test on composite cognitive and psychosocial variables revealed significantly enhanced Stroop performance and musical self-efficacy. Intensive piano training may serve as an effective cognitive and psychosocial intervention for those with PD.
Drawing Fear of Difference: Race, Gender, and National Identity in Ms. Marvel Comics
Authors: Cooper-Cunningham Dean
Published: December 2019

Feminist scholars have provided important analyses of the gendered and racialised discourses used to justify the Global War on Terror. They show how post-9/11 policies were made possible through particular binary constructions of race, gender, and national identity in official discourse. Turning to popular culture, this article uses a Queer feminist poststructuralist approach to look at the ways that Ms. Marvel comics destabilise and contest those racialised and gendered discourses. Specifically, it explores how Ms. Marvel provides a reading of race, gender, and national identity in post-9/11 USA that challenges gendered-racialised stereotypes. Providing a Queer reading of Ms. Marvel that undermines the coherence of Self/Other binaries, the article concludes that to write, draw, and circulate comics and the politics they depict is a way of intervening in international relations that imbues comics with the power to engage in dialogue with and (re)shape systems of racialised-gendered domination and counter discriminatory legislation.

Dibujando miedo a la diferencia: raza, género e identidad nacional en Ms. Marvel Comics
Geographies of migration III: Transit and transnationalism
Authors: Ehrkamp Patricia
Published: December 2019

This third and final report on geographies of migration highlights the complexities of international migration through the two related processes of transit and transnationalism. Examining spaces of transit and transnationalism complicates notions that migration is a straightforward movement. The report first turns to transit migration in order to examine the multiple processes, spaces, and experiences in-between the beginning and endpoints of migrant journeys. It then shows how migrants and states create transnational spaces beyond national borders. I conclude that future research might focus on the connections between transit and transnationalism to more fully understand how mobility and immobility are intertwined.
Application of Machine Learning for Predicting Clinically Meaningful Outcome After Arthroscopic Femoroacetabular Impingement Surgery
Authors: Nwachukwu Benedict U. , Beck Edward C. , Lee Elaine K. , Cancienne Jourdan M. , Waterman Brian R. , Paul Katlynn , Nho Shane J.
Published: December 2019

Background:

Hip arthroscopy has become an important tool for surgical treatment of intra-articular hip pathology. Predictive models for clinically meaningful outcomes in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) are unknown.

Purpose:

To apply a machine learning model to determine preoperative variables predictive for achieving the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) at 2 years after hip arthroscopy for FAIS.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Data were analyzed for patients who underwent hip arthroscopy for FAIS by a high-volume fellowship-trained surgeon between January 2012 and July 2016. The MCID cutoffs for the Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL), HOS–Sport Specific (HOS-SS), and modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) were 9.8, 14.4, and 9.14, respectively. Predictive models for achieving the MCID with respect to each were built with the LASSO algorithm (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) for feature selection, followed by logistic regression on the selected features. Study data were analyzed with PatientIQ, a cloud-based research and analytics platform for health care.

Results:

Of 1103 patients who met inclusion criteria, 898 (81.4%) had a minimum of 2-year reported outcomes and were entered into the modeling algorithm. A total of 74.0%, 73.5%, and 79.9% met the HOS-ADL, HOS-SS, and mHHS threshold scores for achieving the MCID. Predictors of not achieving the HOS-ADL MCID included anxiety/depression, symptom duration for >2 years before surgery, higher body mass index, high preoperative HOS-ADL score, and preoperative hip injection (all P < .05). Predictors of not achieving the HOS-SS MCID included anxiety/depression, preoperative symptom duration for >2 years, high preoperative HOS-SS score, and preoperative hip injection, while running at least at the recreational level was a predictor of achieving HOS-SS MCID (all P < .05). Predictors of not achieving the mHHS MCID included history of anxiety or depression, high preoperative mHHS score, and hip injections, while being female was predictive of achieving the MCID (all P < .05).

Conclusion:

This study identified predictive variables for achieving clinically meaningful outcome after hip arthroscopy for FAIS. Patient factors including anxiety/depression, symptom duration >2 years, preoperative intra-articular injection, and high preoperative outcome scores are most consistently predictive of inability to achieve clinically meaningful outcome. These findings have important implications for shared decision-making algorithms and management of preoperative expectations after hip arthroscopy for FAI.
Spotlight on gender-specific disparities in bladder cancer
Authors: Mancini Mariangela , Righetto Marialaura , Baggio Giovannella
Published: December 2019

Men are at a higher risk of developing bladder cancer, but women present with more advanced disease and have more unfavourable outcomes. Although epidemiologic and genetical studies have underlined the multifactorial aetiology and gender-related differences of bladder cancer, there is lack of evidence-based recommendation for gender-specific management of bladder cancer. We summarize the evidence and most recent findings on gender-specific differences in bladder cancer incidence, diagnosis, treatment and outcome, spotlighting the gender disparities in genetic and hormonal risk factors, pelvic anatomy, diagnostic setting and surgical choices. We reviewed the literature published on PubMed between 1981 and 2018. Males have a threefold to fourfold higher risk of bladder cancer as compared to females; however, women have higher stage-for-stage mortality, being diagnosed with more advanced disease, mostly due to a delay in haematuria evaluation. Numerous studies indicate an increased risk of disease recurrence or progression in women with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with trans-urethral resection, with or without intravesical chemotherapy or immunotherapy, compared to males. In particular, recent molecular evidence show that there is an excess of female Ta mutant tumours. At the time of radical cystectomy, women have a significantly longer length of hospital stay, operative time, higher blood loss and higher 90-day mortality and perioperative complication rate. Moreover, females are less likely to receive a continent diversion. Future research should guarantee greater inclusion of women in trials and focus on improving the effectiveness of therapies in women, perhaps exploring different therapeutic approaches in men and women. Specific data on functional and oncological outcomes can be analysed to define predictive factors able to guide the surgeon in decisions based on evidence. It is urgently needed to limit gender-related discrepancies in early diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. Public awareness and bladder cancer female patients’ consciousness on gender inequalities must be similarly uprisen.
Potential for pellet manufacturing with wood waste from construction in Costa Rica
Authors: Rivera-Tenorio Monzerrath , Moya Roger
Published: December 2019

The construction sector in Costa Rica produces approximately 100 kg per square meter of residues, of which wood waste comprises 30%. Utilization of these wastes is still limited, but options are being sought and biomass is one of them. The aim of this work was to evaluate the characteristics of biomass produced from wood waste from construction, its energy potential, and its appropriateness for pellet manufacturing by determining its energy, physical, and mechanical characteristics. It was found that wood waste from construction is composed of different species with densities below 0.5 g/cm3, 26% moisture content, and 10% ash content; contamination with cement and nails can reach 6%. The process of pellet manufacturing can adapt adequately to using wood waste from construction, with an efficiency or yielding of 33%. Pellets presented a calorific value of 19573 kJ/kg, a bulk density of 1.25 g/cm3, an apparent density of 700 kg/m3, a failure force in compression of 467 N, and durability of 94.28%. According to different standards, the results obtained for biomass from wood waste are within the range established for pellet quality; therefore, wood waste from construction can be used to produce pellets, despite the disadvantage of it presenting high ash content.
Potential treatment of leachate by Hermetia illucens (Diptera, Stratyomyidae) larvae: Performance under different feeding conditions
Authors: Grossule Valentina , Vanin Stefano , Lavagnolo Maria Cristina
Published: December 2019

In this study, the ability of H. illucens larvae (black soldier fly (BSF)) to metabolise different semisolid biowastes (e.g. kitchen waste, animal manure) has been applied to the treatment of landfill leachate. A testing programme has been developed by mixing leachate with three different solid supports: wheat bran, a biodegradable nutrient substrate, brewers’ spent grain, a biodegradable nutrient residue from the brewery industry and sawdust, a low biodegradable residue from the wood industry. Larvae growth rate was monitored in terms of weight variation, mortality and time to reach the prepupal stage. Prepupal biomass composition was analysed in terms of crude protein, lipids and fatty acids. Substrates were monitored at the beginning and the end of tests for total solids (TS), total organic carbon (TOC), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ammonia and (whenever significant) the 7-day Respirometric Index (RI7). The best performance was observed with wheat bran and brewers’ spent grain, achieving an average larval weight ranging from 155.1 to 226.1 mg (w/w) with prepupation of more than 80% over 21 days. The initial TS, TOC and nitrogen content in feeding substrates had been metabolised (gasified and accumulated in prepupal biomass) by approximately 55%, 60% and 48%, respectively. Dry mass characterisation displayed a significant content of fats and proteins. The analysis demonstrated the suitability of BSF prepupal biomass for the production of biodiesel; however, the potential use of proteins as an animal feed needs further studies for assessing the presence of contaminants.
Rethinking Urban Female Adolescents’ Safety Net: The Role of Family, Peers, and Sexual Partners in Social Support
Authors: Robinson Camille A. , Trent Maria , Ellen Jonathan M. , Matson Pamela A.
Published: December 2019

Purpose:

To examine how interpersonal factors are associated with family, peer, and partner social support among urban female adolescents in sexual relationships.

Design:

Secondary data analysis of cross-sectional data.

Setting:

Two urban health clinics and community sites in Baltimore, Maryland.

Participants:

One hundred sixteen female adolescents (ages 16-19) with 131 heterosexual relationships from the Perceived Risk of Sexually Transmitted Diseases cohort.

Measures:

Interpersonal factors included parental monitoring, friend–partner connectedness, and feelings of intimacy for partner. Social support was measured using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support with family, peer, and partner subdomains.

Analysis:

Multivariable linear regression models using baseline data and accounting for clustering of partners.

Results:

Adolescents perceived high levels of family, peer, and partner support, with the greatest coming from partners (range: 1-5; family mean: 4.0 [95% confidence interval, CI: 3.83-4.18]; peer mean: 4.2 [95% CI: 4.05-4.33]; partner mean: 4.5 [95% CI: 4.36-4.60]). Parental monitoring and friend–partner connectedness were significantly associated with greater family ( b = 0.11, standard error [SE] = 0.03, P = 0.001; b = 0.15, SE = 0.06, P = .02) and peer support ( b = 0.06, SE = 0.02, P = .01; b = 0.29, SE = 0.07, P < .001). Feelings of intimacy for partner was significantly associated with greater partner support ( b = 0.08, SE = 0.03, P = .02).

Conclusion:

Feeling connected to one’s social network and having a connected network is an important contribution to social support for urban female adolescents in sexual relationships. Future research targeting interpersonal factors is warranted, as it may result in increased social support and promote positive sexual health behaviors in an urban female adolescent population.
Effect of organoclay content on thermal stability properties of polypropylene/organoclay nanocomposites
Authors: Luo Jiyong , Tian Qin , Qin Shuhao , Qi Yating , Li Jiali , Zhang Daohai
Published: December 2019

Nanocomposites composed of polypropylene (PP), organoclay, ethylene acrylic acid (EAA), and maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PP- g-MA) were prepared using the melt mixing technique, and their thermal stability properties were investigated. PP- g-MA and EAA were used as compatibilizers in the nanocomposites. The effects of different concentrations of organoclay on the physical properties of nanocomposites were investigated. The kinetics of PP/organoclay nanocomposite degradation were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, the activation energy of nanocomposite system was confirmed by the Kissinger method, and the performance of nanocomposites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, ARES rheometer, and transmission electron microscopy. The test results show that the addition of organoclay can improve the thermal stability of PP/organoclay nanocomposites, and the activation energy is slightly improved; rheological analysis shows that as the organoclay is gradually added to the composite system; the fluidity of PP and the processing properties are improved. In addition, the mechanical properties were measured, and it was found that an appropriate organoclay content can effectively improve the mechanical properties of nanocomposites.
Beyond the Border Spectacle: Global Capital, Migrant Labor, and the Specter of Liminal Legality
Authors: Feldman David B
Published: December 2019

This essay systematically thinks through the relationship between undocumented immigrants, guestworkers, and nonstatus immigrants as sources of flexible and highly exploitable noncitizen labor. It argues that many businesses are increasingly likely to view unauthorized workers as more of a liability than an asset, and that this makes an ostensibly legal but intensely surveilled and ultimately deportable workforce look more attractive. Challenging the dominant conception that a so-called pathway to citizenship would resolve the plight of nonstatus and undocumented immigrants, I argue that this would institutionalize liminal legality by bringing undocumented immigrants directly into the surveillance apparatus of the Department of Homeland Security, without offering a realistic chance at obtaining legal permanent residency. To fight back against this potential outcome, the grassroots movement for migrant and immigrant justice must broaden its scope of action and place immediate, unconditional, and total amnesty for all at the center of its demands.
Phenytoin Serum Concentrations in Patients With Left Ventricular Support Devices: A Case Series
Authors: Wiebe Amanda Z. , Terry Kimberly , Skaggs John
Published: December 2019

Purpose:

Achieving therapeutic levels of phenytoin is critical to its efficacy and safety. Free serum levels represent pharmacologically active phenytoin due to the high protein binding of the drug. Predicting free serum levels in patients with left ventricular support devices can be challenging, as the pharmacokinetics (PK) can be significantly altered, and equations to correct total levels have not been validated in this population. The aim of this case series was to describe serum phenytoin concentrations in critically ill patients requiring left ventricular support devices.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was performed including patients who received phenytoin therapy and had at least 1 set of simultaneously measured free and total serum phenytoin levels during left ventricular support with a mechanical device. Corrected total phenytoin levels were calculated using Sheiner-Tozer equations.

Results:

Three patients were included in this case series. Patients 1 and 2 required venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) during phenytoin therapy, and patient 3 had a durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Measured phenytoin levels ranged from 4.1 to 11.4 µg/mL, and calculated corrected levels were 6.8 to 18.4. Measured free phenytoin levels ranged from 1.2 to 3.6 µg/mL, which correlated with free fractions of 15.8% to 37.9%.

Conclusion:

This case series demonstrates a higher percentage of free phenytoin compared to the total serum level than would be predicted and an inability to rely on corrected total phenytoin level to predict whether it is within therapeutic range. Monitoring of free serum phenytoin concentrations should be strongly considered in critically ill patients requiring LVAD or ECMO support.
Fostering innovation and entrepreneurial culture at the business school: A competency-based education framework
Authors: Charrón Vías Marta , Rivera-Cruz Beatriz
Published: December 2019

This article proposes a new framework for designing business education programs which combines behavioral and business competencies to provide students, through experiential learning, with the tools necessary to succeed in their career paths and actively participate in the economic and societal development of diverse communities. The authors develop the framework by applying elements from the methodology for building conceptual frameworks in multidisciplinary contexts based on grounded theory. The framework, holistic in nature, is composed of the design process and the corresponding supporting elements and processes needed to foster an entrepreneurial mindset and entrepreneurial behavior, including emotion and inspiration, in students who will engage in differing roles when they graduate. It promotes a responsive curriculum with a sharp focus on pedagogy as well as the process of curriculum implementation from mission statement to outcomes assessment.
Parties, agendas, and roll rates
Authors: Patterson Shawn , Schwartz Thomas
Published: December 2019

For the US House of Representatives, Cox and McCubbins discover tiny majority-party roll rates and offer them as evidence of majority-party agenda control. However, the observed roll rates are approximately what would result from chance alone or from chance constrained in several natural ways. Besides that, we show that rolls themselves are not evidence of any lapse in partisan agenda control and may even occur as the intended consequence of agenda setting by the majority party. Innovations include a solution to the combinatorial problem of counting all possible rolls, the associated computations, hypothetical examples of strategically advantageous self-induced rolls, and a review of likely real examples of the same.
Extended Kalman filter–based and model predictive control–based dynamic coordinated control strategy for power-split hybrid electric bus
Authors: Zeng Xiaohua , Liu Tong , Song Dafeng , Yang Nannan , Cui Haoyong
Published: December 2019

The power-split hybrid electric vehicle achieves excellent fuel economy because both the engine speed and the torque of this system are decoupled from the road load. However, for a power-split hybrid electric vehicle with multiple power sources, the inconsistency of the response characteristic of each power source seriously affects the stability control of the power system and riding comfort, so the coordinated control of the power system is particularly important. This article proposed a dynamic coordinated control strategy. First, extended Kalman filter is applied to realize robust online estimation of the engine dynamics. Then, an extended Kalman filter–based and model predictive control–based dynamic coordinated control strategy is designed to achieve accurate reference tracking in hybrid electric mode. Considering the real-time performance for the online application of the dynamic coordinated control strategy, a fast model predictive control solver is formed based on a reasonable assumption. Offline simulation results show that accurate reference tracking is achieved in hybrid electric mode. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation is also conducted to validate the real-time performance of the proposed dynamic coordinated control strategy. This study is expected to improve the performance and robustness of the dynamic coordinated control strategy in hybrid electric mode while reducing the calibration load.