bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weibull-Geometric Mixture Cure Rate Models With Applications
Authors: Badr Abdallah Mahmoud , Shams Tarek , Abou Almaaty Ahmed , Eisa Abd El-Hamid
Published: January 2025

This article delves into a parametric survival model tailored for scenarios where the studied population encompasses long-term survivors or individuals with immunity. We initially conceptualized the cure rate model as a mixture model, which included a segment that represented the proportion of immune individuals and a distribution that characterized the lifetimes of susceptible individuals. Our contribution lies in proposing a cure rate model grounded in the Weibull-Geometric Distribution, adept at integrating the influences of risk factors or covariates on the likelihood of an individual becoming a long-term survivor. Cure rate models serve as powerful tools for modeling time-to-event dynamics across diverse contexts. Different methods of estimation are used to estimate the unknown parameters in complete and censored random samples.
Generative AI Implementation and Assessment in Arabic Language Teaching
Authors: Alkaabi Mozah H. , Almaamari Asma Saeed
Published: January 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) models struggle to reach performance levels due to the complex nature of Arabic grammar and diverse regional dialects. This study investigated how generative AI (GenAI) functions as a teaching assistant in Arabic language classrooms. Using qualitative methods, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 instructors; the data was then analyzed using thematic analysis. Results revealed that instructors used GenAI to create material, assess students' work, and create personalized learning plans. Instructors struggled, however, with AI accuracy in dialect processing, cultural authenticity, and ensuring accurate assessment methods. The analysis raised significant gaps in teacher training, assessment strategies, and institutional guidelines. Instructors found it challenging to evaluate AI-generated Arabic content across different dialects and maintain academic integrity in student assignments. This study recommends developing instructor training, specifically on using GenAI tools for Arabic dialect variations and creating culturally appropriate Arabic language learning materials.
Numerical Study on the Influence of Directional Natural Frequency on Flow Induced Vibrations
Authors: Janardhanan Sheeja , Chandran Vidya
Published: January 2025

A Two dimensional numerical analysis is done for varying directional natural frequency ratio for a cylinder which is mounted elastically and executes two-degrees of freedom vortex induced vibration (VIV). VIV of the cylindrical structure at subcritical Reynolds number (Re) of 3.8 x 104 is studied using a RANSE based CFD transient fluid structure interaction dynamic simulation model employing a user defined function for modeling the response. Analyses are carried out for three different values of directional natural frequency ratios in the range 0.5, 1 and 1.5. Cylindrical models corresponding to mass ratio 1.32 is investigated. Structural damping is neglected in the present study. The study leads to interesting observations with respect to the patterns of trajectories at certain values of frequency. The paper serves as additional guidelines in riser design and its trajectory predictions.
A Review of Proverbs in Computing and Design
Authors: Mambo Wangai Njoroge
Published: January 2025

Computing and design disciplines knowledge is embedded in computers that are pervasive, used by everyone. To maximize benefits to everyone these disciplines should increase embedded indigenous research and practice knowledge like proverbs in artefacts. The study’s goal was find proverb how proverbs are being applied and research that has been done in computing and design disciplines; and how it can be synthesized. Proverbs are bridges for crossing chasms between theory and practice, design and technology, cultures, disciplines and society driven by their transdisciplinarity. Transdisciplinary literature review method was used. The findings are proverbs are being applied and researched in several areas of computing and design.
Challenges in Clinical Research
Authors: De Zoysa I.
Published: January 2025

No abstract available
The Evolution of Fracture Neck of Femur Treatment
Authors: Karunathilaka C. R.
Published: January 2025

No abstract available
16S rRNA metabarcoding applied to the microbiome of insect products (novel food): a comparative analysis of three reference databases
Authors: Spatola Gabriele , Giusti Alice , Gasperetti Laura , Nuvoloni Roberta , Dalmasso Alessandra , Chiesa Francesco , Armani Andrea
Published: January 2025

The 16S rRNA metabarcoding, based on Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), is used to assess microbial biodiversity in various matrices, including food. The process involves a "dry-lab" phase where NGS data are processed through bioinformatic pipelines, which finally rely on taxonomic unit assignment against reference databases to assign them at order, genus, and species levels. Today, several public genomic reference databases are available for the taxonomic assignment of the 16S rRNA sequences. In this study, 42 insect-based food products were chosen as food models to find out how reference database choice could affect the microbiome results in food matrices. At the same time, this study aims to evaluate the most suitable reference database to assess the microbial composition of these still poorly investigated products. The V3-V4 region was sequenced by Illumina technology, and the R package “DADA2” used for the bioinformatic analysis. After a bibliographic search, three public databases (SILVA, RDP, NCBI RefSeq) were compared based on amplicon sequence variant (ASV) assignment percentages at different taxonomic levels and diversity indices. SILVA assigned a significantly higher percentage of ASVs to the family and genus levels compared to RefSeq and RDP. However, no significant differences were noted in microbial composition between the databases according to α and β diversity results. A total of 121 genera were identified, with 56.2% detected by all three databases, though some taxa were identified only by one or two. The study highlights the importance of using updated reference databases for accurate microbiome characterization, contributing to the optimization of metabarcoding data analysis in food microbiota studies, including novel foods.
It is harder for me: A thematic analysis of lived experience of self-care, and its relationship with self-injurious behaviors in psychiatric patients
Authors: Bjärehed Jonas , Grenner Hanna , Pavlovic Sara , Nilsson Magnus
Published: January 2025

Self-injury is associated with significant psychological distress and functional impairments, including difficulties with self-care. However, little is known about how individuals engaging in self-injury perceive and manage self-care in their daily lives. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of self-care among individuals receiving psychiatric treatment for self-injury and to identify factors that support or hinder self-care capacity. Twelve participants were recruited from a psychiatric outpatient clinic and semi-structured interviews were conducted focusing on participants’ perceptions of self-care, its relationship with self-injury, and factors influencing self-care. Reflexive thematic analysis was conducted to identify patterns and themes. The analysis revealed four themes: i) Why should I choose self-care?, highlighting motivational challenges rooted in low selfworth and the need for meaning; ii) Self-care is a difficult choice for me, reflecting how emotional variability, uncertainty about selfcare, and dichotomous thinking hinder decision-making; iii) Selfcare is beyond my control, emphasizing struggles with planning, routines, and the interplay of emotional states and self-care behaviors; and iv) Support can both help and hinder self-care, illustrating the critical yet complex role of external support. Findings highlight the multifaceted challenges individuals face in managing self-care and its intersection with self-injury. Clinical implications include the need for tailored, person-centered interventions that address barriers to self-care. Recognizing the dual role of self-injury—as both a barrier to and a risky form of self-care—may enhance treatment approaches for this population.
Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1/Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Feedback Loop Mediates Anti-inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Astrocytes to Dampen Inflammatory Neurotoxicity
Authors: Gan Yu-Ling , Lee Yi-Hsuan
Published: January 2025

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates cell immune responses in a cell type-specific and ligand-dependent manner. In the central nervous system, astrocytic AhR plays important roles in regulating neuroinflammation by mediating responses to endogenous ligands generated from the inflammation-induced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1)/kynurenine (KYN) pathway. We previously demonstrated that reduction of AhR expression decreases lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory responses in microglia. However, the role of AhR in the astrocytic immune responses and its subsequent effects on microglial activation and neurotoxicity remain unclear. In this study, we used LPS-induced neuroinflammation in rat cortical glia-neuron (GN) mix cultures, which increased the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 and microglial activation. These proinflammatory responses were attenuated by a specific AhR agonist 6-formylindolo [3,2-b] carbazole (FICZ), but not by the AhR antagonist CH223191. CH223191, which inhibits LPS- and FICZ-induced AhR activation, enhanced neurotoxicity induced by LPS–glutamate co-treatment in GN mix cultures. Furthermore, inhibition of AhR expression and activation enhanced LPS-induced proinflammatory responses, and LPS-induced AhR activation was abrogated by the inhibition of IDO1 expression in astrocytes. Notably, AhR knockdown inhibited the anti-inflammatory effects of KYN while enhancing LPS-induced IDO1 expression in astrocytes, suggesting that AhR mediates the anti-inflammatory effect of KYN and the negative feedback regulation of IDO1 expression. Finally, we examined the role of astrocytic AhR in inflammatory astrogliosis-induced neurotoxicity by treating primary cortical neurons with LPS-treated astrocyte–conditioned medium (ACM). The results revealed that ACM derived from siAhR-transfected astrocytes increased neurotoxicity. In conclusion, inflammation-activated AhR mediates the anti-inflammatory effects and negative feedback regulation of the IDO1/KYN pathway in astrocytes, thereby dampening inflammatory astrogliosis-induced neurotoxicity.
Burden and Associated Factors of Tuberculosis Among Household Contacts of Sputum Positive Tuberculosis Patients of Aligarh
Authors: Jude Simon , Abedi Ali J. , Mehnaz Saira , Shameem Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Background:

Engaging patients in healthcare for diagnosis and treatment through active case-finding, which is initiated by healthcare providers, involves methodically searching for tuberculosis in individuals who may not seek medical attention otherwise. Active case finding provides a promising opportunity to identify additional undetected cases of tuberculosis within the community. The current study aimed at evaluating household contact tracing of Tuberculosis among the household contacts of pulmonary TB cases who were recently diagnosed, as well as to identify risk factors in both household contacts and index cases that contribute to the transmission of TB within households.

Materials and Method:

This cross-sectional study, which was conducted within the community, focused on the household contacts of recently diagnosed patients of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) who were confirmed through microbiological testing. These patients were registered at Tuberculosis Units (TUs) of JNMC and Jawan of Aligarh district, West U.P. The investigator conducted visits to each household and met with both the index case and their corresponding household contacts to establish rapport and gather necessary information.

Results:

Within this investigation, a total of 103 individuals who tested positive for sputum smear were identified as index cases, alongside 405 household contacts of these index cases. The predominant symptom observed in household contacts who tested positive during the screening process was a cough, with fever following closely behind. Among the 405 household contacts examined, 54 individuals (13.3%) exhibited symptoms associated with Tuberculosis. Further investigation revealed that 11 of these individuals (20.37%) tested positive for tuberculosis. The total prevalence of tuberculosis cases among household contacts was determined to be 2.72%.

Conclusion:

The present research affirms that conducting contact screening for households of active TB cases is a comparatively feasible and beneficial strategy that could result in prompt diagnosis and initiation of treatment for active TB, thereby diminishing the severity of the disease and lowering the rate of transmission. Also, it can help to improve TB-related health effects, social and economic implications, and treatment outcomes in the index cases.
Assessment of Stroke Case-fatality, Disability, Perceived Needs and Barriers for Care among First-ever Stroke Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Neuro-specialty Center in India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Devyani Azad , Banandur Pradeep S. , Sukumar Gautham Melur , Kulkarni Girish Baburao , Mythirayee S. , Rathore Himani
Published: January 2025

Background:

Stroke is a major public health and clinical challenge that results in significant mortality and disability. Stroke survivors require care and support, particularly during the crucial 3 months post-stroke when 95% of functional neurological recovery occurs. To estimate case-fatality and extent of disability, assess perceived needs, barriers, and unmet needs for care, and ascertain pathways to care post-discharge (at 3 months) among first-ever stroke patients attending a tertiary care neuro-specialty center in India.

Material and Methods:

A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among patients receiving care within [NIMHANS]. Patients with confirmed computed tomography (CT) scans experiencing their first-ever stroke between September 1 and October 31, 2022, were contacted between November 1, 2022, and March 31, 2023. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information. Descriptive statistics were performed using STATA version 16.

Results:

Stroke fatality among study subjects was 13.8%. Almost half (49.09%) had some form of disability, with 40% having moderate to severe disability. The majority perceived the need for follow-up visits (87%) and compliance with stroke medication (84%). Distance and transportation (60%) were cited as the main barriers to care. After discharge, the majority preferred healthcare facilities close to their homes (60%).

Conclusions:

This study emphasizes the need for stroke survivors to have follow-up and compliance with medication, along with various unmet needs such as de-addiction services, vocational training, and emotional support. A network-based multi-disciplinary approach, along with a comprehensive hub and spoke model of stroke management services, could help address these challenges and improve patient outcomes.
Evaluation of bone marrow aspirate concentrate in non-union and delayed union of fractures
Authors: Buddana Mrudhula , Surath Harshavardhan , Paladugu Lakshmi Narayana , Surath Amarnath
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate (BMAC) belongs to a class of materials known as Orthobiologics. When used in higher concentrations will enhance the bone healing. The aspirate is rich in mononuclear cells, of which bone marrow stem cells form an integral part, which develop into osteogenic cell lines and form bone at the site of injection. BMAC gives results similar to surgical methods of treating non-union such as bone grafting. The objective of our study is to investigate the efficacy of Bone marrow aspirate concentrate injection in delayed and nonunion of fractures, to assess the outcome as well as the complications of the procedure.

Materials and Methods:

We performed a multi Centre study by including twenty-one patients who are diagnosed with non-union and delayed union of fractures. This is a non-randomized study. Bone Marrow is aspirated from the iliac crest. Ficoll solution is used for density gradient centrifugation for isolation of mononuclear stem cells. Later the concentrate is injected into the defect site. Bone formation was evaluated by X-rays in two standard planes. Level of significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:

The critical osseous defect reached observable union by a mean of 38 ± 1.38 weeks from the time of fracture. A distance of 5 mm or less between the fractures ends resulted in healing.

Conclusion:

Our study results indicate that the method is feasible and effective in the management of Nonunion and delayed union of fractures.
Uterine adenolipoleiomyoma: An incidentaloma – A case report with review
Authors: Mohanty Pranita , Mohapatra Ajit S. , Das Prateek
Published: January 2025

Uterine (endometrial) adenolipoleiomyoma/adenomyolipoma (UA) is an extremely rare benign hamartomatous lesion possessing debateable histogenesis. UA comprises mature adipocytes and smooth muscle bundles and glands in different proportions and a haphazard manner. It may form a polypoidal structure/intramural/intraluminal and is mostly located in the endometrial cavity/fallopian tube or very rarely cervix. Only six cases were published so far in the literature with a single case having an aggressive course in the form of recurrence. Although extremely rare and benign in nature, sometimes, they are blamed for some heralding symptoms such as profuse vaginal bleeding and hence thought to be of mullerian origin. We report such a case of adenomyolipomatous polyp in the endometrial cavity of a 39-year-old female detected incidentally while performing endometrial biopsy for abnormal uterine bleeding that was missed in abdominopelvic ultrasonography.
A study on fasting and post-prandial lipid abnormalities in type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural areas of central Telangana, India
Authors: Kamaraju Sahasra , Reddy Nithin L. , Kumar Sukesh , Gunupati Sahithi
Published: January 2025

Background:

Post-prandial triglyceridemia has been considered an independent cardiovascular risk factor, even more important than altered fasting triglycerides, which are influenced primarily by diet. The study aimed to investigate the fasting and post-prandial lipid profile among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in rural communities considering their different dietary patterns.

Patients and Methods:

Fasting and post-prandial lipid profile were done among 100 T2DM patients from a rural area in central Telangana. Fasting and post-prandial total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, and LDL were compared. Correlations between HbA1c and post-prandial lipid parameters and also between fasting and post-prandial lipid parameters were studied.

Results:

The mean age of the subjects was 48.17 ± 9.6 years, whereas the mean HBA1c was 9% ± 2.12%. The mean post-prandial triglycerides were significantly elevated in comparison with fasting (202 ± 101.72 vs. 161.6 ± 83.91; P < 0.0001). The mean post-prandial total cholesterol was also elevated modestly (181.8 ± 43.79 vs. 174.5 ± 36.51; P = 0.0004). There was a non-significant very weak positive correlation between HBA1c and post-prandial TGL and TC; ((r = 0.17) and (r = 0.05); P = 0.10 and P = 0.60, respectively). There was a significant positive correlation between fasting and post-prandial TC, LDL, TGL, and HDL ((r = 0.88), (r = 0.81), (r = 0.79) and (r = 0.73); (P < 0.001)).

Conclusions:

The current study found that post-prandial triglycerides were significantly elevated in comparison with fasting triglycerides. There was a very strong positive correlation between fasting and post-prandial total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, and VLDL.
A rare case report of pregnant women with Hodgkins lymphoma
Authors: Charishma Kobaku , Devi G. Prameela , Dedeepya Kobaku
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

The simultaneous occurrence of cancer and pregnancy is an uncommon medical scenario and can pose a diagnostic and treatment challenge. Of malignancies diagnosed during pregnancy, hematologic malignancies rank second in the most prevalent neoplasms, after breast cancer, with Hodgkins Lymphomas (HL) and Non-Hodgkins Lymphomas (NHL) comprising nearly 6% and 5%, respectively.

Case Presentation:

A 28-year-old- female, Primigravidae with 39 weeks of gestational age with Hodgkins Lymphoma came to antenatal OPD at Government Maternity Hospital, Tirupati for regular antenatal checkups. Initially, in 2012, she had a history of neck swelling. On biopsy, it was diagnosed as tubercular lymphadenitis. However, because of poor patient compliance, she discontinued the treatment. Later on, the swelling gradually increased in size. On biopsy, it was diagnosed as Hodgkins Lymphoma. She had taken 16 cycles of chemotherapy with an ABVD (doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin), bleomycin sulfate, vinblastine sulfate, and dacarbazine) regimen. Radiological examination was performed with an Ultrasound neck revealed necrotic lymph nodes in bilateral level-V.

Conclusion:

Lymphoma is a rare diagnosis in pregnancy. Immunohistochemical markers provide prognostic stratification, and together with other clinical factors can outline the risk profile for certain groups of patients more accurately. Therefore, immunohistochemical evaluations should be considered in all cases.

Key messages: Immunohistochemical markers provide prognostic stratification, and together with other clinical factors can outline the risk profile for certain groups. Studies suggest that HL in pregnancy shows promising results with ABVD as a regimen of choice if multi-agent chemo is required. A broad multidisciplinary team-based approach is vital for improved patient outcomes.
Diagnostic accuracy of position of impacted mandibular third molar on CBCT with panoramic radiography
Authors: Rai Shalu , Misra Deepankar , Misra Akansha , Dhawan Ayush , Gupta Pulkit , Solanki Shagun
Published: January 2025

Objective:

This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between impacted mandibular third molar (IMTM) root and inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) as visualized on Orthopantomograph (OPG). Besides determining the need of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaging, it also assesses the risk of IAN damage during surgical removal of this tooth.

Method:

A total of 100 patients underwent OPG and CBCT imaging as preoperative radiographic evaluation before extraction were included in the study. On panoramic radiographs, radiographic predictor signs of corticalization for the proximity and involvement between the IMTM and IAN and CBCT for presence or absence of corticalization and position of IAN with respect to IMTM were recorded and correlated. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.

Results:

Highly significant association was found between radiographic signs of Rood and Shehab such as “Darkening of root” and “Deflection of canal” and significant association was found between “Interruption of white line” and “Narrowing of canal” on OPG and presence of corticalization between IMTM root and IAN canal on CBCT. Highly significant association was found between these signs on OPG with position of IAN on CBCT such as “Darkening of Root” with “Lingual” position and “Interruption of white line” with “Interradicular” position, whereas significant association was found between “Narrowing of canal” with “Lingual” position of IAN on CBCT.

Conclusions:

Radiological evaluation with OPG alone may lead to inadequate assessments prior to surgical removal of IMTM because of its proximity with IAN and risk of neurosensory complication.
Factors Associated with Spontaneous Passage of Ingested Foreign Body in Children: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Radhakrishna Veerabhadra , Vasudev Raghunath Bangalore , Gadgade Bahubali Deepak , Kumar Nitin , Anand Alladi , Basavaraju Mamatha , Ramareddy Raghu Sampalli , Lakshmaiah Venkatesh Kesarla
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Aim:

To identify factors associated with the spontaneous passage of ingested foreign bodies.

Methods:

A prospective observational cohort study was conducted at a tertiary pediatric surgery center from July 2022 to March 2024. Management followed a standardized protocol, with follow-up period of over 6 months.

Results:

The study included 139 children with a mean age of 6.9 years, and 53% of them were boys. Blunt objects, mainly coins, were the most frequently ingested (60%). Most children (88%) were asymptomatic, but 9% reported abdominal pain, particularly with sharp object ingestion (P = 0.006). Spontaneous passage occurred in most cases, with a mean transit time of 119 ± 105 h. Sharp objects passed faster than blunt ones (87 ± 60 h vs. 141 ± 122 h; P = 0.01). Delayed passage was associated with larger object diameter, constipation, and significant colon loading on X-ray. The optimal cutoff diameter predicting a transit time over 72 h for blunt objects was 1.75 cm. Nine children required intervention, and no long-term complications were observed.

Conclusion:

Most ingested foreign bodies pass spontaneously without complications. Sharp objects transit faster than blunt objects, and transit time is influenced by object size, constipation, and colon loading.
Genetic resistance factors and antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates of animals and humans
Authors: Abdulkadir Aliyu , Kabir Junaidu , Bello Mohammed , Olayinka Busayo
Published: January 2025

Objective:

To investigate the prevalence, genetic resistance factors, and antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (S.) aureus (MRSA) from clinically healthy animals (horses, dogs, and cats) and their human handlers, providing a baseline for broader genes sequencing based on One Health studies to the emergence of resistance as well as guides regarding specific therapies, hospital antibiotic usage/stewardship, and target-specific infection control measures.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study involved both human and animals. S. aureus isolates derived were characterised for their antimicrobial phenotypes through antimicrobial susceptibility testing with PCR detection of mecA, mecC, and DNA sequencing of mepR, mepA, mepB, and sapep genes for correlation with their antimicrobial resistance phenotypes.

Results:

Seventy S. aureus isolates from 149 human handlers, 240 horses, and 206 companion animals, including dogs and cats were studied. The prevalence of resistance was highest for penicillins (100.0%) and amoxicillin (94.3%), followed by erythromycin (87.7%), trimethoprim (78.6%), azithromycin (77.1%), imipenem (61.4%), and tetracycline (40.0%). Lower resistance prevalences were observed for ciprofloxacin (27.1%), chloramphenicol (20.0%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (12.9%), and gentamicin (2.9%). Twenty-six isolates had their DNA sequenced for mepR, mepA, mepB, and sapep genes for correlation with their antimicrobial phenotypes. Transcriptional profiling revealed that both animal and human MRSA isolates exhibited a gene cluster mepRAB (multidrug export protein gene), encoding a MarR-likc transcriptional regulator (mepR), a M20/ M25/M40 metallo-hydrolase protein gene (sapep) encoding resistance to biocides and carbapenems, and a hypothetical protein gene of unknown function (mepB).

Conclusions:

This study demonstrated extensive multidrug resistance in MRSA, revealing similarities in the resistance patterns and multiple antibiotic resistance indices among the isolates. These findings suggest the potential presence of non-mec resistance mechanisms in MRSA, in addition to the mec gene mechanism.
Associations of maternal age and body mass index with birth weight: a generalized additive model
Authors: Charkos Tesfaye Getachew
Published: January 2025

Background: Abnormal birth weight is a major factor in infant mortality, birth defects, and increased risk of various adult diseases. Epidemiological studies on how maternal age and body mass index affect newborn birth weight are still limited. Our study aimed to   explore these relationships to better understand their impact on birth weight.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2019.  The study included a total of 2,110 participants. Data were collected using a multistage sampling technique to select the study  participants. Inclusion criteria required complete and valid data on maternal age, maternal body mass index, and newborn birth weight.  Linear regression and generalized additive models were employed for the analysis. A pvalue < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.  All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS and R software.
Results: The average birth weight, low birth weight, and macrosomia were 3,280 g, 1,920 g, and 4,880 g, respectively. In the adjusted  models, a one-year increase in maternal age was associated with a 6.375 g increase in newborn birth weight. Maternal body mass index  was positively associated with birth weight (β=0.323, P < 0.001) and negatively associated with macrosomia (β=-0.041, P < 0.05). The  generalized additive model also revealed an approximately linear relationship between maternal age and body mass index, as well as  between maternal age and birth weight.
Conclusion: These findings confirm that maternal age and body mass index are positively and linearly related to newborn birth weight.  Additionally, maternal body mass index directly influences the likelihood of macrosomia. This study recommends closely monitoring  maternal age and BMI during pregnancy to reduce adverse outcomes and improve maternal health.
Visiting A Neglected Lexical Category: An Overview of Dagbani Adverbials
Authors: Issahaku Musah Sugri , Issah Samuel Alhassan , Issahaku Sadia Jomo
Published: January 2025

This paper provides a descriptive overview of adverbials in Dagbani, a Mabia (Gur) language spoken in northern Ghana, focusing on their distributional characteristics and the possibilities of adverbial sequencing. We show that Dagbani adverbials occur in clause-initial, postverbal, and clause-final positions but are banned in the preverbal position. We also demonstrate that focalization and topicalization are instrumental in the occurrent of Dagbani adverbials in the sentential initial position. We further show that the default distributional property of Dagbani adverbials is the postverbal position, with the exception of the epistemic adverbials and the grammatical aspectual adverbials, which are disallowed in this position. Whereas the former category of adverbials occur only clause initially, the latter occur in the position immediately before the verb. Finally, we demonstrate that whereas certain adverbial combinations present a flexible linear ordering, some combinations occur in a fixed linear order, hence, do not give room for reordering. The descriptive approach employed in this paper enables us to provide an exhaustive analysis of the data presented without binding it to any formal syntactic theory, which may limit the discussions to its principles. The data used in this study are drawn from primary sources. Whereas some of the data are obtained from fieldwork, others are constructed based on the native intuitions of the authors.
Quality assessment of breakfast gruel produced from sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas), soybean (Glycine max) and carrot (Daucus carota)
Authors: Okezie F.P. , Udemba C.O. , Onwukwe N.E. , Eze E.E. , Amandikwa C. , Elemuo G.K.
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to evaluate the quality characteristics of a novel and quick breakfast gruel formulated from Sweet Potatoes, soybeans and Carrots, for children between 6 to 23 months contributing to developing nutritious and sustainable food products from locally sourced food materials. The breakfast gruels were formulated by mixing Sweet Potatoes, Soybean and Carrot flours in the ratio of 80:15:5, 70:20:10; 60:25:15 and 50:30:20 to obtain four composite blends designated as S1- S4. Functional analysis was performed on the flour samples before production while Chemical and sensory analysis were conducted on the breakfast gruels using standard methods, and the data obtained were subjected for statistical analysis. The flour blends showed: Bulk Density: 0.526% - 0.64%; Swelling capacity: 2.387 - 1.632; Water absorption capacity: 4.79 g/g - 1.47 g/g; Oil absorption capacity: 1.47 - 1.1 g/g; Foam capacity: 10 - 4.00cm3; and Gelation Temperature: 76 - 48oC. The proximate composition of the breakfast gruel samples showed 10.65%–11.78% moisture, 1.90%–2.59% ash, 1.09–2.96% crude fibre, 14.45–18.25% protein, 3.65–4.68% crude fat, and 61.22-25.42% carbohydrate contents. The ranges for vitamins A, B6, and C were 0.59–1.38, 11.88–54.86%, and 8.84–13.02%, respectively. With an overall rating of 6.73, the blend with 50% sweet potato flour, 30% soybean flour, and 20% carrot flour (S4) was the most preferred. This research showed that novel and nutritious breakfast gruels can be processed from mixes of sweet potatoes, soybeans, and carrot flours, which are readily available and accessible.
Human Resource Management and Digitalization in 21st Century
Authors: Ngene Godwin , Egwuagu Uloma , Nnamani Desmond
Published: January 2025

Human resource management is the most significant resource of any organization and this motivates the workforce. In this 21st century era, any organization that has failed to develop human resource policy is bound to experience inefficiency and loss due to low productivity and poor growth. The progress of digital technologies and various electronic devices like cell phone and other information communication technology among others is the handiwork of fourth industrial revolution. This revolution is characterized by a sporadic adoption of technology globally enabled organization to develop noticeable skills that will help achieve organizational goals. The paper examineschallenges posed by private and public sector in human resource management like unavailability of executive information system (EIS), wide gap among management and staff, introduction of flexi-time; non external interference in recruiting and promoting staff, workplace or workforce diversity, values, demand of employers and employees are evident. Documentary research method of analysis was adopted through an in-depth study of written sources especially from secondary source relevant to the topic. Conclusively, the design for recruitment, training and development, integration, maintenance and separation of the employee cannot be possible without accepting organizational members. A team work and policy formulation is needed to fundamentally address work diversity to achieve set organizational goals.
Mkengeuko wa Malezi kwa Wahusika katika Riwaya ya Rosa Mistika
Authors: Msigala Selestino H.
Published: January 2025

Makala hii imechunguza mkengeuko wa malezi wa wahusika katika riwaya ya Rosa Mistika. Data za makala zimepatikana maktabani kwa mbinu ya usomaji makini wa matini ya riwaya husika na kisha kuchambua data hizo kwa mkabala wa kimaudhui na kuziwasilisha kwa  mkabala wa kitaamuli. Makala imeongozwa na misingi ya Nadharia ya Sosholojia ya Kifasihi katika ukusanyaji na uchambuzi wa data.  Matokeo yanaonesha kuwapo kwa matukio mengi ya wahusika kukengeuka malezi katika riwaya hii. Matukio hayo ni ubakaji, kujiua, rushwa, umalaya, kupuuza ushauri na matusi. Matukio haya yameoneshwa katika kazi husika kwa kuwa ni mwakiso wa uhalisi wa kijamii  kama Nadharia ya Sosholojia ya Kifasihi inavyofungamanisha jamii na kazi za fasihi.
Mtindo wa Usambamba katika Utenzi wa Seyidina Ali na Mudhari bin Darimi
Authors: Fuluge Adria
Published: January 2025

Katika makala hii tumechunguza aina mbalimbali za usambamba na mchango wake katika Utenzi wa Seyidina Ali na Mudhari bin Darimi. Ili kufanikisha hili, makala imeongozwa na Nadharia ya Umitindo ambayo inachunguza na kutoa fasiri kwa kazi za isimu na fasihi. Nadharia hii imetumika katika makala hii kwa kuwa uchunguzi wa vipengele vya kifasihi hutegemea vile vya kiisimu. Nadharia ya Umitindo inahusishwa na Geoffrey Leech (1969) hasa katika andiko lake la A Linguistic Guide to English Poetry. Lengo la uhakiki wetu ni kuweka wazi aina mbalimbali za usambamba zinazobainika katika utenzi huu na michango yake katika kufanikisha fani na maudhui kwenye utungo huu. Kutokana na uchunguzi wetu, tumebainisha kuwa matumizi ya usambamba kama aina ya urudiaji yanachangia  katika ukuzaji na uendelezaji wa dhamira, usawiri na ujenzi wa wahusika na kuingiliana na sifa nyingine za kimtindo ili kuibua umbuji wa  kijumla wa utungo huu.
Volcano‑tectonic seismicity and related hazard: a component of the multi‑hazard assessment in the highly exposed region of Mt. Etna (Italy)
Authors: D'Amico Salvatore , Azzaro Raffaele , Tusa Giuseppina , Tuvè Tiziana , Varini Elisa
Published: January 2025

In this study, seismic hazard, a component of the multi‑hazard assessment studied in the framework of the PANACEA project, was performed following the probabilistic approach (PSHA) based on historical macroseismic data. This approach uses intensity site observations to compute the seismic history for each investigated locality. Site seismic histories completeness are improved the integrating observed intensities with “virtual” values calculated according to attenuation laws, starting from the earthquake parameters (epicentre and epicentral intensity). The probability distribution of the expected intensities at a given site is calculated for exposure times of 10, 30 and 50 years. Results are given as reference intensity and peak ground acceleration for a chosen exceeding probability. In order to obtain hazard also in terms of expected peak ground acceleration (PGA) a relation between macroseismic intensity and ground acceleration calibrated for Mt. Etna was also developed. A PGA value was predicted for each intensity site observation using a specific ground motion model for Mt. Etna shallow events, assuming a soil class A. We tested the performance of the obtained relationship through synthetic and observed PGAs associated with the most energetic seismic event instrumentally recorded at Etna. Finally, the probability distribution for PGA at the site for a given exposure time results from the combination of the corresponding seismic hazard curve for the macroseismic intensity and the specific local intensity‑PGA relationship.
Methana Magmatic Observational Experiment (MeMaX) – seismological monitoring of magmatic and tectonic activity in the western Saronic Gulf region, Greece
Authors: Föst Jan-Phillip , Ritter Joachim R.R. , Evangelidis Christos P. , Sokos Efthimios , Richter Nicole , Reicherter Klaus R.
Published: January 2025

Large-scale historical volcanic eruptions caused significant destruction in the Mediterranean region (e.g., Thera/Santorini explosion circa 1600 BCE). The South Aegean Volcanic Arc remains active, and in addition to primary volcanic hazards such as ashfall and lava flows, active submarine and coastal volcanoes have the potential to trigger tsunamis as secondary volcanic hazard. These tsunamis pose a threat even to far-distant coastlines. With increasing population density, infrastructure development, and seasonal tourism, both primary and secondary volcanic risks along the Aegean coasts are increasing, even with respect to smaller, more frequent eruptions. Our focus is on the western Saronic Gulf region within the Aegean Sea, as possible impacts may even extend into the greater Athens metropolitan area. There, the dormant volcanoes of the Methana volcanic system, which last erupted in 230 BCE, and the submarine Pausanias Volcanic Field pose an underappreciated hazard. We search for evidence of yet undetected magmatic activity through the identification of related microseismic events and describe the design of the related MeMaX experiment. Since 2019, the National Observatory of Athens and the University of Patras operate six seismic stations on Methana and the nearby Peloponnese mainland. In March 2024, an additional 15 seismic recording stations were deployed for a two-years period across Methana, Aegina, Agistri, Kyra, and Poros islands and the mainland Peloponnese. This network configuration provides a dense and good azimuthal coverage of seismic ray paths for earthquake location and structural analysis. The continuous recordings enhance the observational capacities for earthquake detection, e.g. the first results indicate that the noise at the recording sites is quite low and that low magnitude events to ML ca. 0 can be recorded with a very good signal-to-noise ratio. This geophysical experiment is partof the MULTI-MAREX initiative.
Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemlerinin Eğitimde Kullanımı
Authors: Cetiner Leylek Buket , Yilmaz Ince Ebru
Published: January 2025

Eğitim, tüm toplumlar için önemli bir yere sahip olmakla birlikte ülkelerin ilerlemesinde de eğitimde alınan kararların doğruluğunun önemi büyüktür. Bu çalışmanın amacı eğitimin farklı süreçlerinde ve sorunlara göre karar almada kullanılan Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (ÇKKV) yöntemlerini ve çalışma konularını incelemektir. Çalışma sonucunda eğitimde farklı karar problemlerinde ve eğitimin farklı alanlarında en çok kullanılan ÇKKV yöntemin AHP olduğu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Birlikte en fazla kullanılan tekniklerin ise AHP ve TOPSIS olduğu görülmektedir. Son yıllarda eğitim alanında karar almada ÇKKV yöntemlerinin sıralama ve sınıflama düzeyinde fazlaca kullanıldığı görülmüştür.
Moda Sunum Tekniklerinde Yapay Zekanın Kullanımı
Authors: Bogday Saygili Basak , Cakar Ozlem Aybuke
Published: January 2025

Bu makalede, moda sunum tekniklerinde yapay zekanın kullanımı analiz edilerek, günümüzün gelişen teknolojisi konumunda bulunan yapay zekanın moda endüstrisinin sunum teknikleri alanındaki etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Modada gerçekleşen hızlı dönüşüm süreçleri, tasarımcıları, endüstri profesyonellerini ve tüketicileri yenilikçi sunum tekniklerinin arayışına yönlendirmiştir. Yapılan araştırmalar ve toplanan veriler neticesinde modada yapay zekanın, moda sunum tekniklerine farklı bir boyut kazandırarak moda sektörüne yenilikçi bir perspektif sunması amaçlanmaktadır. Makalede, görsel tanıma, öneri sistemleri, sanal deneme odaları, yapay zeka ile hazırlanan mağaza vitrin görselleri ve kullanıcılara kişiselleştirilmiş öneriler sunma gibi yapay zeka uygulamalarının moda sunumlarına nasıl katkı sağladığı hakkında yapılmış olan çalışmalar ayrıntılı şekilde analiz edilmiş olup, bu tekniklerin, tasarımcıların koleksiyonlarını daha hızlı ve etkili şekilde ilerletebilmesinde, tüketicilerle daha güçlü bağ kurulmasında ve moda endüstrisinin kullanılan sunum tekniklerine yenilikçi bakış sunduğu görülmüştür. Makalede, yapay zeka destekli tasarımın ve sunumun, sadece estetik değil, aynı zamanda işlevsel ve kişisel deneyim sunarak moda sunumlarının geleceğini nasıl şekillendirdiği üzerinde durulmuştur.
Edebiyat ve Sanat İlişkisi: Edebiyat Öğretmenleriyle Bir Görüşme
Authors: Yildiz Derya , Gumus Umay
Published: January 2025

Edebiyat ve sanat birbirini besleyen ve sürekli etkileşim halinde olan iki önemli alandır. Edebiyat öğretiminin sağlanmasında okul içinde ve dışında gerçekleştirilecek etkinliklerin yanında, yöneticilerin dersin işleyişine uygun ortamları sağlaması, öğretmenlerin iş yüklerinin azaltılması, güncel edebiyatın takip edilmesi; dijital okuryazarlığın geliştirilmesi, öğrencilere okuma kültürü kazandırılması oldukça önemlidir. Bütün bu uygulamalar, öğrencilerin sanatın ve edebiyatın yaşamın içinde var olduğunu görmelerine olanak sağlayacaktır. Bu sebeple bu çalışmada, Türk dili ve edebiyatı öğretmenlerinin edebiyat ve sanat farkındalığını ortaya koymak amaçlanmış, öğretmenlerinin görüşlerinden yola çıkılarak edebiyat ve sanat kavramları arasında var olan ilişki çeşitli unsurlar çerçevesinde ele alınarak öğretmenlerin sanatsal etkinliklere katılma durumları ve öğrenme süreçlerine sanatı ne kadar dahil ettikleri ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgubilim desenine göre yürütülmüştür. Veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile toplanmış ve içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir.
The Effects of Music on Achievement Emotions and Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Students Who Have Different Learning Styles
Authors: Can Yafes , Güven Meral
Published: January 2025

This study aims to examine the eﬀects of English course with background music on self-efficacy beliefs and achievement emotions of students who have different learning styles and find out what students think about the implementation. For this purpose, the sequential explanatory design was used. To obtain quantitative data, an experimental design, and to collect qualitative data, a semi-structured questionnaire form was applied. The study was carried out with 53 students at a high school in Turkey. During the experiment period, the background music was used in the English course. The study has revealed that using background music leads to a significant diferentiation in the achievement emotions in a positive way but not on self-efficacy beliefs. In terms of learning styles, the implementation has had positive effects on class-related enjoyment of the students with the style of converging and accommodating. In terms of class-related boredom, the implementation has had a positive effect on students having converging learning styles. The data obtained from qualitative processes also has confirmed this. The qualitative data has proved that the implementation is effective on emotions such as happiness, enjoy, excitement, boredom, anger and on motivation, engagement and actively participating. The students generally have supported background music.
Acclaimed Children's Literature as Global Resources
Authors: Chung Sunah , Paciga Kathleen A. , Koss Melanie D.
Published: January 2025

Acclaimed children's books in the United States (U.S.) may be utilized as resources to instruct global issues. As children’s literature reflects social context and values, acclaimed books may provide curricular materials for those within the U.S. and to international audiences. Stakeholders, including librarians, teachers, national industry experts, and parents, are among those who review and award prizes to children’s literature. This work has resulted in booklists teachers, families, and librarians use to guide their book purchasing and sharing practices. We investigate the histories, composition, and criteria for 22 award and acclaimed U.S. children’s book lists containing 4,244 titles. Fewer than 100 titles appear consistently across multiple stakeholder lists. International audiences will become more aware of the types of U.S. awards for children’s literature that exist and reflect on the award and acclaimed book lists published in their countries and how they might be used by teachers, parents, and other stakeholders.
Investigating the Relationship between Interpersonal Communication Disposition and Psychological Resilience in University Students
Authors: Ozen Umit
Published: January 2025

This study aims to examine the relationship between psychological resilience and interpersonal communication skills of university students. The study group consisted of 544 female (272) and male (272) university students with normal development attending the Faculty of Health Sciences of 5 different universities in Ankara in the 2022-2023 academic year. Brief Resilience Scale and Interpersonal Communication Competence Inventory were used as data collection tools. The data obtained showed that there was a statistically significant difference between male and female participants in terms of psychological resilience. The study shows that males scored higher on the resilience scale than females. This result is in line with the belief that females are “more vulnerable” and “less psychologically resilient” than males. It also shows that there is no relationship between a higher degree of resilience and social support system. This study aims to motivate university students to strengthen their resilience and communication skills for better service.