bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
E-Voting using Blockchain
Authors: Gupta Suraj Pratap , Mani Tripathi Ankur
Published: June 2021

A vote gives a citizen of a democratic country the power to elect a representative which forms a government which is of the people, by the people, and for the people. Voting forms one of the fundamental pillars of modern democracy. Conducting a transparent, verifiable, and unbiased election is a challenging task for the election commission. Earlier ballot papers were used for conducting elections but it has to face many issues like booth capturing or damaging of ballot papers of the booths where there were fewer chances of winning for a candidate. Currently, EVMs are used for conducting the election in India but there are many reports that EVMs are not fully tamperproof. EVM is not a universal acceptance across the world. Blockchain is a distributed tamperproof technology which can help in conducting election transparent and tamperproof. Here in this paper, an approach for voting using blockchain and Paillier encryption is proposed. It implies the tamperproof property of blockchain and additive homomorphic property of Paillier encryption to build a voting architecture that will make the election process trans-parent and tamperproof. Next, algorithms for registration, voting, and result declaration has been mentioned along with the results of Paillier encryption for voting.
RETRACTED: A Survey of image pre-processing techniques for medical images
Authors: Prabu Shankar K C , Prayla Shyry S
Published: June 2021

Medical Images cannot be utilized similarly it was procured. The obtained images must be Pre-Processed and Segmented. Real confinements are there in medical image preprocessing as far as multifaceted nature when contrasted with preparing different kinds of images. Confinements in image acquisitions make image division a repetitive procedure. The most significant objective of segmenting medical images is in performing activities on medical images for distinguishing designs and in recovering data. This survey speaks primarily about medical image handling. At that point many methods have been proposed to deal with portions of Medical images. The similar investigation of different processing procedures has been analysed. The overview thus gives subtleties of mechanized division strategies, explicitly talked about with regards to scanned medical images. The rationale is in analysing the issues experienced in dividing the scanned medical images, and the respective benefits and confinements techniques as of now accessible for segmentation of medical images.
Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Methods to Detect Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Roy Madhusree Sankar , Ghosh Ritama , Goswami Diyali , Karthik R
Published: June 2021

Chronic Kidney disease (CKD) is a lifelong health hazard that can cause the failure of kidneys. Symptoms of this develop slowly and are not obvious. Early detection of Chronic Kidney Disease can lead to significant progress in finding the cure for this disease. Through this study, we aim to employ ML techniques for the prediction and diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease. The findings obtained from our predictive analysis combined with the expertise of healthcare professionals can help in making an accurate prognosis. For this, we have used a dataset containing data from 400 individuals acquired from the University of California Irvine (UCI) repository. Various feature selection techniques have been used to optimize the number of features affecting Chronic Kidney Disease. Subsequently, these desirable features are chosen and used in different ML models and their accuracy, sensitivity is compared. Multiple Machine learning algorithms have been explored such as Logistic Regression, Naïve Bayes, KNN, SVM, Decision Trees, Random Forest Classifier, and Extra Trees Classifier. It was concluded that Decision Trees using information gain gave six optimal features and the Extra Trees Classifier model gives the best accuracy of 99.36 % with Extra Trees Classifier having one of the least execution times.
Student Result Prediction in Covid-19 Lockdown using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Jeslet D. Santhi , Komarasamy Dinesh , Hermina J. Jenita
Published: June 2021

Covid-19 virus has moved the world to a static state. This has confused the education field in conducting the end examinations. The school education has declared the results of a few classes as pass without conducting the end examinations. But, this may not be possible for all the education system, especially for final year college student results. For this reason, the prediction of result based on their previous performance is essential. Prediction can be effectively achieved by using machine learning algorithms. Machine learning automatically learns and improves from example and experience. Supervised machine learning algorithms Logistic regression and SVM are used for this work. The data set of 1460 students result of a college is considered for the study. Finally, the trained machine predicts accurately whether the student is eligible to acquire the degree or not and the same is viewed in the college portal.
Auto-Off ID: Automatic Detection of Offensive Language in Social Media
Authors: Geetha R , Karthika S , Sowmika Chaluvadi Jwala , Janani Bharathi M
Published: June 2021

As the popularity of social media grows, computer-mediated anonymity allows users to engage in activities that they would not do in real life. This makes users vulnerable to abuse through Internet platforms. Due to the enormous number of social media data, it is not possible to manually filter out the overflow of abusive content in online communities and social networking sites. The research work proposes a multi-level classification model that deploys various machine and deep learning models to effectively identify offensive content in a tweet. The proposed Auto-Off ID system is designed to build a system that classifies tweets as offensive or non-offensive; filters out and classifies offensive tweets as either targeted or non-targeted; filters out targeted tweets and identify mentions of individuals and organizations who have been bullied. The study is supported by the text analysis features with lexicon features using LIWC, POS tags for primary and secondary users, Twitter Tag Scores (TTS). This system is evaluated using a diverse choice of machine learning and deep learning models from which it is proved that C-LSTM outperform with an accuracy of 91.72% for offensive language identification; LDA + Logistic Regression training with SVM accuracy of 90.87% for offensive tweet classification.
EEG based mental state analysis
Authors: Ajith Krishnapriya , Menaka R , Kumar Shani S
Published: June 2021

This work proposes a method for mental state analysis from the Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal data using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). In recent years, deep learning techniques, particularly CNN have become a very popular topic. Emotions also play a very crucial role in our daily life. Emotions affect a person’s cognition, behaviour and decision-making. In this paper, we analyse the EEG signals and classify them into various emotions. The result would be a real-time EEG-based emotion recognition system. The DEAP dataset, which is a multimodal dataset, has been used in this study for analysis of human mental states.
Analysis of QoS Parameters using Prediction Algorithms on CSO-based Energy-Efficient Reliable Sectoring Scheme in WSN
Authors: Wategaonkar Dhanashri Narayan , Nagaraj S V
Published: June 2021

The maintaining of the Quality of Service(QoS) parameter in wireless sensor networks (WSN) is becoming a challenging task. The limitations are like achieving QoS parameters in a distributed network, constraints in sensing parameters, natural disasters, and battery life of sensor nodes need to overcome. Here in this paper few of the QoS parameters are analysed to increase the lifetime of sensor networks by partitioning a network into various sectors. A novel optimized sectoring scheme is proposed for optimal election of sector head (SH) for a given network. A Cat Swarm Optimization based Energy-Efficient Reliable sectoring Scheme with prediction algorithms (P-CSO-EERSS) is also proposed in this paper. The use of prediction algorithms is for early detection of node lifetime to improve the overall lifespan of a network. Along with this QoS parameters such as packet delivery ratio and energy consumption are analysed and compared with existing clustering algorithms. According to implementation results, it has been shown that the prediction based CSO-EERSS algorithm returns better QoS parameters as compare to existing cluster schemes.
Information Hiding in Audio Steganography using LSB Matching Revisited
Authors: Shanthakumari R , Devi E M Roopa , Rajadevi R , Bharaneeshwar B
Published: June 2021

Audio file steganography can be used as an effective and efficient method to hide messages. LSB based approach is the simplest steganographic technique among the various types for hiding secret information in audio formats. The approach is decided independent of the relationship between audio samples and the size of the secret messages. Efficiency of the output message is reduced when low data rate is used for hiding the message in lower power audio samples. The performance of data hiding in high power of audio is discussed in this paper. To identify the higher frequency, range from a given sample carrier and to hide the messages in the identified range, the LSBMR algorithm is used. The carrier wave is pre-processed in order to reduce the possibilities of intrusion detection. Experimentation of the adaptive steganography is performed on the files that are in. wav format. PSNR and MSE parameters are used for performance analysis. The threshold value of the audio carrier is depending upon the length of the message is used. The content of the secret information and threshold value of the carrier audio decides the number of samples for evaluation.
Affirmation of the Separate Rate-law Method for Determining vmax and KM of the Michaelis Reaction
Authors: Patiha  , Saraswati T E , Wahyuningsih S , Firdaus M , Masykur A
Published: June 2021

The maximum-velocity, v
max, and the Michaelis-constant, KM
, are the essence of the Michaelis-Menten equation. The value of v
max is determined when the reaction is in zeroth-order and KM
is in first-order. With a slight change in the notion of v
max concept, both were used as the basis for a new determination method called Separate Rate-law Method (SRlM). As yet, the Lineweaver-Burk and Eadie-methods were the most commonly used. Both combine zeroth-order and first-order data. The purpose of this study was to validate the quality of all methods. The research was carried out theoretically. All were tested by applying them to the same literature data, and the results were compared. The assessment is based on the v
max and KM
values obtained; doubling [E] will double v
max but the same KM
. The results show that the two present methods are inaccurate. Both give v
max and KM
values even if the reaction is always first-order. Based on the integral method, two variants of the new method, SRlMIM
, and initial rate, SRlMIRM
, were also introduced. All new methods give more accuracy, which results in the method accuracy of SRlM ≈ SRlMIM
> SRlMIRM
.
Coating of colloidal silica on glass surfaces with bbk nano silica as raw material
Authors: Khairunnisa S , Wahyudi K , Wijayanti R B , Marzuki A , Suryana R
Published: June 2021

Due to the colloidal silica has many applications such as coating, a catalyst precursor, a nano-size filler, investment casting, semiconductor wafer polishing, and an inorganic binder, it still attracting to be studied. The colloidal silica layer has been coated on a glass substrate using the spray-coating process. Two kinds of colloidal silica were prepared, i.e., the colloidal silica formed by mixing of nano-silica from Balai Besar Keramik (BKK) and the silane hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), and the colloidal silica polishing Mastermet (0.06 mm) commercial as a comparison. The HMDS percent was varied at 10, 20, and 30 vol.%. The contact angle measurement obtained the hydrophobic properties of the samples, and a UV-Vis spectrophotometer measured the transmittance samples. A water contact angle of 94.9° is achieved at 10% HMDS. For all samples, the transmittance of the before and after coated glass substrate can reach an average of 89% to 90%. From this study, it is concluded that the BBK nano-silica has met the commercial requirements that are the hydrophobic property in the contact angle and the transmittance.
Safety analysis TMSR-500 in terms of the temperature reactivity coefficient of the fuel and the moderator using the MCNP6 software
Authors: Manik F R L , Suharyana  , Anwar F , Riyatun  , Khakim A
Published: June 2021

TMSR-500 is a type of fourth-generation reactor that is technologically advanced with a full actinide recycling system and produces low fuel waste. This research focuses on calculating and analyzing the temperature reactivity coefficient of fuel and moderator in the TMSR-500 core designed by Martingale, Inc. All calculations performed using the MCNP6 software and the ENDF / B-VII.I continuous energy nuclear data library. The fuel material for TMSR-500 is liquid salt NaF-BeF2-ThF4-UF4 with enrichment of U-235 of 19.75%, and the moderator material is graphite. The variation of temperature increase in fuel and moderator starts from 293.6 K to 2500 K. As the reactor temperature increases, the value of fuel reactivity decreased, the fuel temperature reactivity coefficient is negative (-2.4879 ± 0.42) pcm/K. At the stage of calculating the moderator temperature reactivity coefficient, the calculation results show a positive value (0.0019 ± 0.0016) pcm/K as the moderator temperature increases. Based on the study of the temperature reactivity coefficient of the fuel and the moderator, then the reactor is in a safe state in terms of the overall calculation results, which indicate the total temperature reactivity coefficient is negative (-2.4883 ± 0.42) pcm/K.
Evaluation of photon and neutron dose distribution from the Varian Clinac 2300EX 15 MV medical LINAC with MCNP6 Code
Authors: Sihaloho K , Riyatun  , Kusumandari  , Suharyana
Published: June 2021

The X-ray and neutron beam characteristics of the Varian Clinac 2300EX LINAC were obtained by simulation and computation using the MCNP6 software. An electron source with an energy of 15 MeV is used to produce an X-ray beam which is then directed to the phantom 100 cm distance from the electron source. With an irradiated area (10 × 10) cm2, the average X-ray dose on the phantom surface obtained was (2,91 ± 0,47) 10−15 Gy/e. For better isodosis, a triangular prism-shaped within nickel material flattening filter was installed to produce an X-ray beam profile with an average dose of (2,04 ± 0,22) 10−16 Gy/e. During LINAC 15 MV operation, the mean neutron dose was detected (8,57 ± 0,55) 10−20 Sv/e. The neutron energy spectrum has been simulated, the distribution of thermal energy intensity is 0,06%, epithermal energy is 0,74%, and the most distribution is fast energy 99,20%. The ratio of neutron equivalent dose to the central axis X-ray dose (ξ) was calculated. The value of ξ meets the allowable limit of < 1/1000 Sv/Gy, recommended by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The ξ values obtained at several phantom depths in this study indicate the values allowed by the IEC.
Physical properties and structural characteristics of alkali modified fly ash
Authors: Purbasari A , Ariyanti D , Sumardiono S , Masyaroh M , Salsabila T R
Published: June 2021

Fly ash as residue from coal combustion has potential for environmental applications as an adsorbent for water pollution treatment. Adsorption performance of fly ash depends on fly ash origin and chemical treatment. Modification by the chemical treatment could increase the adsorption capacity. In this paper, fly ash was alkali modified with NaOH solution at various concentrations (2 N, 4 N, 6 N, 10 N) at a temperature of 60 °C. The physical properties and structural characteristics of unmodified fly ash and alkali modified fly ash were studied from Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and pore size analysis, and also scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. The results showed that alkali modification could increase surface area, average pore radius, and total pore volume in fly ash. Unmodified fly ash and alkali modified fly ash could be classified as mesoporous materials and exhibited type IV nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms with H3 hysteresis loop according to the classification of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). SEM observations revealed that modified fly ash had rougher surface and more porous structure than that of unmodified fly ash. Alkali modification had changed the physical properties and structural characteristics of fly ash that supports its application as an adsorbent.
Synthetize of Nano Particles a-Fe2O3 Material from Waste Magnetic Filter Ceramic Tile Industry Prepare by Calcination Method as Photocatalyst Degradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Ayuningtiyas Anggi , Hadisantoso Eko Prabowo , Wahyudi Kristanto
Published: June 2021

Recently, there has been a lot of research on the synthesis of hematite nanoparticles, due to its properties and application in renewable energy and environmental remediation. Hematite is suitable for photocatalyst material since the advantages of its properties which is stable under ambient conditions, resistance to corrosion, cheapest and have narrow band gap. However, the potential raw material which rich of iron oxide can be supplied from waste magnetic filter in ceramic tile industries. In this paper, synthetize nano particles hematite was studied using calcination method. Raw materials originated from waste magnetic filter one of ceramic manufacturer in West Java. Raw material was calcined at temperature 800 °C and 900 °C then applied as photodegradation of methylene blue. The XRD analysis showed that nanoparticles hematite was formed gradually according to calcination temperature. The best photodegradation results were obtained by 0,11 g mass nanoparticles hematite, during 3 hours under irradiation visible light.
Low-cost Fabrication of PDMS Microfluidic Chamber using Digital Cutter Machine
Authors: Anshori I , Harimurti S , Hartono M S , Althof R R , Rizalputri L N , Handayani M , Mengko Tati L E R , Yuliarto B
Published: June 2021

Microfluidic chamber or channel is one important tool in the lab-on-a-chip (LoC) technology, which usually serves as a platform to contain liquid analytes. The conventional method to fabricate microfluidic chamber is based on photolithography technique. However, it is a high-cost process and requires special equipment, such as mask aligners and expensive photosensitive resist material. In this work, we fabricated the microfluidic chamber and channel using a much simpler and lower-cost technique that is using PDMS as the main material and polyimide tape as the mold. Using this method, the diameter of the microfluidic pattern (channel/chamber) could be made up to as small as 1 mm and the height of the flow channel was down to tens or hundreds of μm scale-depending on the thickness of the tape. The flow test results showed that low cost and simple microfluidic fabrication method had a good performance and could potentially be further used for real analyte flow test.
Plasma dielectric barrier discharge for degradation of textile wastewater in a continuous system
Authors: Oktaviana R I , Kusumandari K , Saraswati T E
Published: June 2021

Plasma Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) can be applied to degrade textile wastewater. In this study, a DBD plasma reactor was composed of two electrodes of stainless-steel mesh as the outer electrode and Cu wire as the inner electrode with pyrex glass as the dielectric barrier. The electrodes were connected to an AC voltage of 3.07 kV. As much as 1500 ml of textile wastewater has flowed continuously into the system. Variations time of treatment were 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. Physical parameters of textile wastewater such as pH, total dissolved solid (TDS), and absorbance were measured before and after treatment to determine the effect of plasma. As a result, the highest degradation efficiency of 54.29% was obtained after treating the textile wastewater for 120 min.
Synthesis and determination of ozone levels in the ozonated waste cooking oils by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma
Authors: Pratiwi Y , Putri E A , Kusumaningsih T , Saraswati T E
Published: June 2021

Converting the waste cooking oil into the ozonated oil is one way to reduce environmental pollution. The synthesis of ozonized oil can be done with plasma technology using the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma method. This research aims to synthesize the ozonized waste cooking oil using DBD plasma and determine the ozone levels therein. Plasma was generated using argon and oxygen gas at a flow rate ratio of 0.6 L/min:0.4 L/min that connected to an AC voltage of 5 kV. The treatment was done with time variations of 15, 30, 45, and 60 min. The results of the treatment were investigated with UV-Vis spectrophotometer and ozonation titration. Furthermore, the reactive species present in plasma were analyzed with optical emission spectroscopy (OES). After the treatment, the waste cooking oil has a clearer color than before treatment. The absorption peaks of waste cooking oil and treatment oil were observed at 240 and 273 nm. Meanwhile, the highest ozone concentration of 0.197 ppm was achieved for 30 min plasma treatment. The results conclude that the waste cooking oil is able to be converted to the ozonated oil by DBD plasma generated in this study with high efficiency.
Compositional dependence of density and refractive index in borotellurite glass
Authors: Marzuki A , Djeksadipura W M S , Suryanti V , Fausta D E , Saraswati Azmi , Singgih G T
Published: June 2021

Borotellurite glasses with composition (in mol%): 57B2O3–20TeO2–15Bi2O3–3TiO2–(4-x)Na2O–1Tm2O3-xHo2O3 (where x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5) have been fabricated and characterized aims at studying their density, molar volume and refractive index. Glasses were fabricated by melt quenching method. Density measurements were carried at room temperature using picnometer while their refractive indices were determined by applying Brewster angle method. It is observed that both density and molar volume tend to increase with increasing Ho3+ ions concentration. The density, molar volume as well as refractive index of the reported glass increases from 4.72 to 4.91 g/cm3, 31.80 – 32.18 cm3/mol, 1.4906 to 1.7253, respectively, with increasing holmium oxide (Ho2O3) concentration. Other properties characterized the glasses were also derived, including oxygen packing density, field strength and polaron radius.
Synthesis and Characterization of Cooper Complexes with 2-Aminobenzothiazole
Authors: Widowati MK , Rahardjo S B , Marliana S
Published: June 2021

Complexes of copper(II) with aminobenzothiazole are synthesized by mixing CuSO4.5H2O with aminobenzothiazole in 1:4 mole ratio of metal to ligan in methanol and stirres for three hours. The forming of complex was indicated by the shift of maximum wavelength to the shorter wavelength (823 nm to 731 nm) show transition 2B1g → 2A1g. The formula of complexes are predicted from analysis metal in complexes by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and cooper content is 9.54%. Electrical conductivity measurements resulted in non-electrolite. Thermogravimetric Analysis/Differential Thermal Analyzer (TG/DTA) showed that the complex contained two H2O molecules. The IR spectral data showed a shift in the absorption of the NH2 functional group indicating that the functional group is coordinated to the Cu(II) monodentately. The nature of the magnetic complex was determined by Magnetic Susceptibility Balance (MSB) which results in μeff was 1.83 ± 0.04 BM indicating that the complex was paramagnetic.
Effect of Na2O/PbO substitution on physical and optical properties of Er3+-doped tellurite glasses
Authors: Marzuki A , Zikri R A , Jauhariyah M N R , Fausta D E
Published: June 2021

Er3+-doped tellurite glasses with chemical compositions (in mol%): 55TeO2-35ZnO-(5+x)PbO-2Bi2O3-(2-x)Na2O-Er2O3 with x = 0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0) were synthesized and explored their physical and optical properties. Density and refractive index were measured at room temperature and other physical properties such as ionic packing ratio, field strength, polaron radius, internuclear distance and molar refraction were derived. It was found that Na2O substitution by PbO causes both refractive index and glass density increase.
The influence of mountain papaya and bitter melon extract supplementation on aspartate transaminase enzyme in diabetic rats models
Authors: Sasongko H , Shofa A N , Advaita N
Published: June 2021

The present study aimed to investigate mountain papaya fruit extract (MFE) and bitter melon fruit extract (BFE) supplementation on aspartate transaminase enzyme in diabetic rat models. Aspartate transaminase (AST) is one of the enzymes produced when liver damage occurs by free radicals. MFE and BFE contain flavonoids that have antioxidant activity to neutralize free radicals. Forty rats were divided into 8 groups (n=5) such as normal control, 0.25 % CMC-Na as negative control, silymarin at dose 100 mg/kg body weight (b.w) as positive control, and treatment groups by 174 mg/kg b.w MFE, 380 mg/kg b.w BFE, MFE:BFE (75:25)%, MFE:BFE (50:50)%, MFE:BFE (25:75)% orally. Alloxan at dose 150 mg/kg b.w used intraperitoneally for induction. AST level measured before the induction of alloxan (pretest), on day 7th, 14th, and 21st after treatment. The data of AST levels were analyzed statistically using One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc LSD. The results showed that all combined extract and single-dose could significantly reduce AST levels (p < 0.05) compared to the negative control group. The effect of a single extract dose was not significantly different (p > 0.05) with combination to reduce AST levels.
Two-Pair Primers PCR-CTPP Optimization to Identify rs1057910 CYP2C9 Gene Variants in Surakarta
Authors: Niruri R , Ardyanto TD , Pangastuti A , Sutarno  , Kusherwati DA
Published: June 2021

Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) gene variants (rs1057910) cause inter-individual drug dose variability. Polymerase chain reaction confronting two-pair primers (PCR-CTPP) is cost effective and time-saving method. Before genotyping a large number of samples, the PCR-CTPP need to be optimized. This research aimed to optimize PCR CTPP in order to identify rs1057910 CYP2C9 gene variant in Surakarta. Forty deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) samples were obtained from Universitas Sebelas Maret Hospital. The optimization steps were determining of two-pair primer ratio and the optimum PCR annealing temperature (Ta). The PCR-CTPP results were analyzed directly by agarose gel electrophoresis. The optimum Ta was at C using outer (Foward1-Reverse2) and inner (Foward2-Reverse1) primer ratio of 1:2. From 40 DNA samples, CYP2C9*1/*1 (92.5%) and CYP2C9*1/*3 (7.5%) were observed based on PCR-CTPP and sequencing results. The PCR-CTPP optimization method successfully identified the rs1057910 CYP2C9 gene variants. The results were consistent with validation using DNA sequencing.
Loading Optimization of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle as Drug Delivery Agent
Authors: Lestari W A , Wibowo F R , Wahyuningsih S , Saputra O A , Lestari W W , Gomez-Ruiz S , Mukti R R , Martien R
Published: June 2021

One of the potential candidates as a drug delivery agent that has been widely developed is mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN), which has several unique features. The high surface area and pore volume, tunable size particle, biocompatibility, and non-toxic are great features promising drug delivery carriers. The optimum condition to load the drug onto MSN is needed to maximize the loading of drugs. The drug loading is influenced by factors, such as silica to drug ratio, time, and pH condition. In this study, we had conducted the optimization of drug loading into MSN by implemented the Box-Behnken design of experiments. Also, the influence of each factor can be obtained through statistical calculation. The results showed that silica to drug ratio and pH condition significantly affect the loading capacity of MSN. The optimum condition obtained at silica to drug ratio, time, and pH conditions is 1, 48, and 3, respectively.
A systematic literature review (SLR): evaluation pharmacokinetic profile of drug combined p-glycoprotein (p-gp) alkaloid inhibitor in white rats (rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Yugatama A , Rahmawati H , Niruri R
Published: June 2021

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a protein transporter as an active efflux pump of many xenobiotics. P-gp plays an important role in the pharmacokinetic process that it will affect the bioavailability of the drug. Secondary metabolites of alkaloids are known to be P-gp inhibitors which can modulate P-gp expression so it will increase the bioavailability of various drugs. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of alkaloid administration as a P-gp inhibitor on the pharmacokinetic profile of drugs in white rats (Rattus norvegicus). This research is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Articles were retrieved from the Science Direct and Pubmed databases from 2000 to 2020 with the inclusion criteria are P-gp substrate used as a synthetic drug also has a pharmacokinetic profile measurement and exclusion criteria are articles in English and there were no duplication of articles. SLR research results show that secondary metabolites of alkaloids can significantly change the pharmacokinetic parameters of P-gp substrate such as the area under curve (AUC), peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) and time to reach Cmax (Tmax), clearance (Cl), distribution volume (Vd) and half-life (T1/2) in white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Therefore, it shows that alkaloids can act as P-gp inhibitors.
Cytotoxicity effect of nonpolar extract from parijoto (medinilla speciosa reinw. ex. bl) fruit against hela and widr cell line
Authors: Artanti A N , Pujiastuti U H , Susanto R K , Pratiwi L D , Prihapsara F , Rakhmawati R
Published: June 2021

Cisplatin is a chemotherapy agent in the treatment of cervical cancer. However, due to drug resistance and its side effects are much needed an agent that can be combined with cisplatin. Parijoto fruit (Medinilla speciosa Reinw.ex.Bl) have potential cytotoxic effect derived from natural ingredients. The study aims to determine the potential cytotoxic effects of ethyl acetate and n-hexane extract from Parijoto fruit calculated from the value of IC50 and the profile of these extract on normal cell. The determination of the cytotoxic effect of Parijoto fruit extract using MTT assay that the results can be read absorption by using ELISA reader. Data analysis is calculated by linear regression methods by using Microsoft Excel software. Results showed that ethyl acetate and n-hexane of parijoto fruit performed cytotoxic effect on HeLa cell line with IC50 respectively, 352,9 μg/mL; 904,7 μg/mL while the value of ethyl acetate and n-hexane of parijoto fruit performed cytotoxic effect on WiDr cell line with IC50 respectively, 554,9 μg/mL; 434,4 μg/mL. Data analysis showed that the cytotoxicity effect of nonpolar extract from parijoto fruit is include in the moderate cytotoxic category.
Synthesis of 4-(2-Chloropropyl)-2-Methoxyphenol from Eugenol and Ketoprofen by Hydrohalogenation Reaction using HCl Catalyst
Authors: Yugatama A , Ramelan A H , Niruri R , Aisiah N F
Published: June 2021

Eugenol is a phenolic compound that has hydroxy and allyl groups in its structure. Eugenol can be transformed into its derivative through esterification and addition reactions. Esters can be synthesized through Fischer esterification reactions using concentrated HCl as catalyst. The use of HCl as catalyst in esterification of eugenol may form 4-(2-chloropropyl)-2-methoxyphenol from hydrohalogenation reaction between the allyl eugenol and HCl. The purpose of this study was to determine the formation of a 4-(2-chloropropyl) 2-methoxyphenol compound as a result of hydrohalogenation reaction eugenol and ketoprofen using HCl as catalyst and to find out the identification of the compound. The results showed that synthesis of 4-(2-chloropropyl)-2-methoxyphenol compound as eugenol derivative was formed by hydrohalogenation reactions. The compound was identified based on the results of the analysis using FTIR, GC-MS, and HPLC instruments.
Development of Single Sized Aggregate Porous Concrete for Sustainable Road in Low Traffic Area
Authors: Setyawan A , Suryoto  , Wibowo  , Rifai M , Sumarsono A , Handayani F S , Qosam O I
Published: June 2021

Porous concrete design with selected gradation and the developed method is proven to be able to withstand light traffic loads and pass water so that rainwater can be used optimally and keep the ground surface remains a green open area. Porous Concrete is a special concrete material produced with aggregate, cement and water with high porosity, which is between 15 to 30 %, so that water can be easily to pass. The main function of porous concrete is as a concrete pavement covering the soil surface with the aim that water can easily flow under the concrete layer, and thus the excess surface water will be reabsorbed into the ground, rather than just being wasted into the sea, the method of producing porous concrete has been patented. The mixture creates an open cell structure, allowing rainwater to penetrate the underlying land. It can be used for low-traffic areas. Porous concrete that uses one size aggregate or uniform aggregate has low compressive strength but good permeability. Porous concrete at 28 days age has a compressive strength between 3 to 28 MPa with a porosity of 14 to 31 % and a permeability ranging from 0.25 to 6.1 mm / second.
Aqueous L-alanine molecular interaction from Gibb’s free energy: CPCM and SMD in DFT and ultrasonic studies
Authors: Shende A T , Tayade N , Tirpude M P
Published: June 2021

L-Alanine (ALA) in water spontaneously forms stable zwitterions. It is observed in a present work that the stimulation to revert can be done by ultrasonic waves. It’s molecular interaction in aqueous system can be found from the Gibb’s free energy. It has been examined experimentally by estimating the Gibb’s free energy using the ultrasonic method for the verification of theoretical result. The theoretical work performed within the computational DFT framework for the different solvation models. This paper deals with two different solvation models, the CPCM and the SMD, which are implemented in a Density Functional Theory preferred with non-hybrid functional and analyzed interaction perspective. The weak interactions by NCI also analyzed for difference. Further, BP86 reported difference in both model. The SMD model is also tested by using B3LYP and PBEh-3 to compare ΔG.
Ultrasonic investigation on physico-chemical behavior of starch at different temperature
Authors: Gopal A Mathana , Lancy S Irudaya Sahaya , Poongodi J , Pandey Krishna Kumar , Raj A Moses Ezhil
Published: June 2021

In this present study, the bio-polymer material starch was used to understand the behaviour of bio-polymer material under ultrasonic investigation at different temperatures. In our regular foods, Starch is also found there and it is a bio-polymer which is produced by plants. For the starch soluble bio-polymer with double distilled water at 303K, 308K, 313K, 318K, 323K, 328K & 333K over the entire range the ultrasonic velocity and also the other acoustical properties have also been studied and with these useful data related with sound’s speed, viscosity, free volume and internal pressure the Auerbach surface tension were calculated. From 303K to 333K, the Thermodynamic interaction of starch solution was studied experimentally by using the ultra-sonic interferometer at 2MHz. For the different temperature regions, the other parameters such as density, viscosity were also measured. In addition to this, adiabatic compressibility (βa), free volume (Vf), Acoustic Impedance (Z), Intermolecular free length (Lf), Internal Pressure (πi) and Enthalpy (H) were calculated. Based on these values, the variations of interactions in aqueous starch solution have been analyzed. The analysis of the experimental results suggests the weak existence of intermolecular interactions between the components of molecules. It is concluded that the concentration of the solute and the nature of the solvent play an important role in determining such molecular interactions. This study also highlights the factor involved in solute-solvent interactions and opens up a new method of investigation for the biomedical applications of starch. This conclusion highlights the importance of the ultrasonic velocity measurement in the given medium for detecting the molecular interactions and also for characterizing the thermo-acoustical properties of the medium.
Synthesis and optical properties of innovative degradable black pepper composite material
Authors: Deshpande Archana S , Parauha Yatish R , Deshpande Sarang J , Dhoble N S , Dhoble S J
Published: June 2021

Widely used as a medicinal plant in Ayurveda black pepper is also a main content of spices. Easily available of such kind of herb is studied the first time as a luminescence point of view. In this paper, we have studied luminescence characteristics of black pepper samples and check their properties for LED applications which are synthesized in four parts 1) Pure powder of black pepper 2) Black Pepper Solution by ethanol 3) Europium (Eu) doped black pepper solution and 4) Black Pepper thin film. The synthesized samples were characterized by Photoluminescence (PL) techniques. The PL characteristics for all four samples showed interesting results. Pure black pepper powder showed PL emission at 471nm under 421nm excitation wavelength. Black pepper solution shows an emission band around 430nm under 397nm excitation. Europium doped black pepper solution shows two emission peaks at 516nm and 658nm under 440nm excitation wavelength. Thin-film of pure black pepper shows an emission band around 454nm under 390nm excitation wavelength. The CIE Chromaticity Coordinates of the Black Pepper and other synthesized samples shows color co-ordinates near the blue and white region in the visible spectrum. These CIE chromaticity co-ordinates demonstrate high spectral characterization of developed materials such as high color purity and excellent chromaticity co-ordinates. The entire photoluminescence results indicated that synthesized samples have promising potential for LED applications.
Photoluminescence Properties of Eu3+ doped KAl(SO4)2 Phosphor
Authors: Bargat S R , Parauha Yatish R , Mishra G C , Dhoble Samikha B. , Dhoble S J
Published: June 2021

A series of KAl(SO4)2 phosphors with different Eu3+ doping concentrations have been synthesized by solid-state reaction method. In the present work, the properties of synthesized Eu3+ doped KAl(SO4)2 phosphors have been examined by XRD, Photoluminescence (PL), and photometric characterization techniques. Under Near Ultraviolet (NUV) and blue excitation at 395nm and 466nm, PL emission spectra observed at 593nm and 614nm, which are ascribed due to 5D0→7F1 and 5D0→7F2 transition of Eu3+ ions. The emission band of 614 nm indicates the highest emission intensity compared to the 593 nm emission band. The PL emission spectra depict maximum intensity at 0.7mol% doping of Eu3+ ions. In addition, the synthesized Eu3+ activated KAl(SO4)2 phosphors show good color chromaticity coordinates, which is lies in the orange-red region. All these results indicated that the synthesized Eu3+ activated KAl(SO4)2 phosphors have potential results for future work in the field of solid state lighting.
Study of optically stimulated luminescence dosimetric properties of submicron BaSO4: Eu Phosphor
Authors: Nikam M S , More Y K , Butey Bhavana , Jog Milind , Wankhede S P , Kondawar S B , Moharil S V
Published: June 2021

In this context dosimetric properties of submicron BaSO4: Eu phosphor have been studied. To reduce the grain size of the material to submicron level, top-down approach (ball billing) has been adopted. The phosphor showed good optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) properties. The OSL properties of the phosphor were altered due to the particle size reduction on ball milling. Ball milling affected the kinetics of OSL Processes. OSL dose response of the phosphor has been increased up to 13 kGy on ball milling which makes it useful in high dose dosimetric applications.
Effect of lanthanum dopant on dielectric dispersion of Lead Germanate (Pb5Ge3O11) single crystals
Authors: Ghulghule JR
Published: June 2021

Dielectric dispersion and loss dispersion for pure and lanthanum doped lead germanate (Pb5Ge3O11) single crystals were studied in the frequency region 100 Hz to 100 KHz. The measurements were taken at room temperature, 100 °C and 200 °C. The observed dielectric and loss dispersion is discussed.
Solar photovoltaic technology: A review of different types of solar cells and its future trends
Authors: Dambhare Mugdha V , Butey Bhavana , Moharil S V
Published: June 2021

The Sun is source of abundant energy. We are getting large amount of energy from the Sun out of which only a small portion is utilized. Sunlight reaching to Earth’s surface has potential to fulfill all our ever increasing energy demands. Solar Photovoltaic technology deals with conversion of incident sunlight energy into electrical energy. Solar cells fabricated from Silicon aie the first generation solar cells. It was studied that more improvement is needed for large absorption of incident sunlight and increase in efficiency of solar cells. Thin film technology and amorphous Silicon solar cells were further developed to meet these conditions. In this review, we have studied a progressive advancement in Solar cell technology from first generation solar cells to Dye sensitized solar cells, Quantum dot solar cells and some recent technologies. This article also discuss about future trends of these different generation solar cell technologies and their scope to establish Solar cell technology.
Enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of carbon-based conducting polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Modak P , Nandanwar D
Published: June 2021

Carbon is always a fascinating material, the allotropes of carbon family like fullerenes, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes and various fillers that improves the Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding is of large interest in various frequency band. In the present work, initially Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) and Graphene (GNS) were functionalized to improve the interaction of conducting polymer. Polyaniline (PANI)/(MWCNT) and Polyaniline (PANI)/(GNS) were synthesized by in situ oxidative polymerization method and then characterized by SEM analysis. The electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites increases with increase in weight percent of CNT or GNS as compared to pure polyaniline. The carbon based conducting polymer nanocomposites showed semiconducting nature with enhanced EMI shielding effectiveness. The EMI Shielding effectiveness (SE) of carbon based conducting polymer nanocomposites increases with increase in weight percent of CNT or GNS. For both the nanocomposites PANI/MWCNT and PANI/GNS absorption is the mechanism which is dominant which can be used as an Electromagnetic Interference Shielding material.
Current status of perovskite in X-ray detection for medical imaging technology
Authors: Butey Bhavana , Butey Swatika , Patankar Bhakti , Raut V D , Dambhare Mugdha , Moharil S V
Published: June 2021

The X-ray imaging is a powerful tool used in medical diagnostics, non-destructive material inspection, security checks, nuclear plants and research field. Perovskites is considered as a promising candidate for X-ray detection owning to its remarkably improved sensitivity, low-cost synthesis, detection limit, response time and better special resolution. In this review paper the challenges and future scope of the reported work in the lead based and lead free single and polycrystalline perovskites is studied. Most of the reported results are based on single pixel detection. Hence, it is proposed that an interdisciplinary collaborative work will only facilitate its practical implementation in state-of-the-art X-ray imaging technology.
Synthesis and spectral study of 2, 4-Diaminophenol based copolymer
Authors: Dhore M S , Bondre A N , Behera C , Amalraj S
Published: June 2021

A copolymer resin was synthesized by condensation polymerization reaction of 2,4-diaminophenol, Oxamide and formaldehyde with 2N NaOH as a catalyst. The purification of copolymer was carried out by precipitation technique and column chromatography. The purified copolymer resins were confirmed by Infra-red, 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Further formation of copolymer has been confirmed by Mass Spectrometry. The surface morphology of copolymers was established by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Degradation of synthesized copolymer were performed by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The stability is observed as up to 473 K and complete mass loss was observed up to 1173 K.
Effect of turbidity on survival of Escherichia coli, feacal coliform and total coliform in grey water by using solar disinfection (SODIS)
Authors: Khedikar Isha P , Tembhurkar A R , Dabhekar Kuldeep R , Godboley B J
Published: June 2021

Tropical country like India can use an alternative disinfection option to utilize solar energy for disinfecting grey before reuse. This study was aimed to conduct experiments to examine the impact of turbidity (75NTU, 50NTU and 30 NTU). This experiments were carried to inactivate EC (Escherichia Coli), FC (Feacal Coliform) and TC (Total Coliform) at different flow-rate (33.4, 44.3, 66.8, 135, 268 and 555 ml/min) by solar radiation intensity. It was observed that as turbidity and flow-rate as goes on decreasing inactivation of bacteria goes on increasing.
Optimum flow depths prediction along the convergent stepped spillways side walls
Authors: Wadhai P J , Khode B V , Solanke S S , Bhorkar M P
Published: June 2021

Stepped spillway designs are popularly adopted in dam systems due to their distinct advantage of enhanced energy dissipation of flow. Several references and literature are available for the design of stepped chute with straight side walls. For spillway modification works or due to site-specific situations, spillways may sometimes be provided with convergent training walls. But very few literature references are available on spillways having stepped chute provided with convergent side walls instead of straight side walls. The outcome of comprehensive experimental investigations carried out on spillway experimental set up with 0.7H:1V (i.e. θ = 55°) slope of stepped chute and side walls with 15° convergence on both sides is presented. This paper described expressions for estimation of optimum depth of flow and decide the height of sidewall in spillways having stepped chute required to be provided with symmetrically converging side walls.