bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Death Be Not Proud: A Commentary on Muslim Acceptance of Death in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Khan Imran , Saad Ahmed
Published: November 2021

Technologies used in medicine have meant that treatments can keep people biologically alive but often fail to provide meaningful recovery and quality of life. Many of those from the Islamic faith have relied on these technologies for recovery on religious grounds, even when it may be against clinical advice. This commentary seeks to challenge this notion among many Muslims and suggests there is a psycho-spiritual motivation within the Islamic tradition in not pursuing intensive care treatment that is deemed futile by clinicians. A wish to embrace death in these situations should be expressed to loved ones, and the dying person’s loved ones should be encouraged to embrace death, in order to minimise harm from disagreements between clinical staff and family.
Non-reflexivity and Revenge
Authors: Murzi Julien , Rossi Lorenzo
Published: November 2021

We present a revenge argument for non-reflexive theories of semantic notions – theories which restrict the rule of assumption, or (equivalently) initial sequents of the form φ ⊩ φ. Our strategy follows the general template articulated in Murzi and Rossi [21]: we proceed via the definition of a notion of paradoxicality for non-reflexive theories which in turn breeds paradoxes that standard non-reflexive theories are unable to block.
Inklusionsbezogene Anforderungen in Zusammenhang mit personalen und beruflichen Ressourcen
Authors: Peperkorn Milena , Müller Katharina , Paulus Peter
Published: November 2021

Mit der Einführung inklusiver Schulen ändern sich berufliche Tätigkeiten von Lehrkräften. Bedingt durch heterogenere Lerngruppen arbeiten Lehrkräfte etwa öfter im multiprofessionellen Team, gestalten inklusive Lehr-Lern-Prozesse oder diagnostizieren sonderpädagogische Förderbedarfe. Um mit den damit verbundenen Anforderungen umgehen zu können, benötigen Lehrkräfte Ressourcen. Erste Forschungsarbeiten im Kontext schulischer Inklusion stellen heraus, dass insbesondere personale Ressourcen wie eine positiv ausgeprägte Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung und berufliche Ressourcen wie die mitarbeiterinnen- und mitarbeiterorientierte Unterstützung der Schulleitung oder ein gemeinsames Schulethos, hilfreich beim Umgang mit inklusionsbezogenen Anforderungen sein könnten. Die vorliegende Studie, in derN = 6712 Lehrkräfte schriftlich befragt wurden, untersucht unter Berücksichtigung der theoretischen Annahmen des Job Demands-Resources Modells anhand exemplarisch ausgewählter, inklusionsbezogener Tätigkeiten das Zusammenspiel zwischen Anforderungen, Ressourcen, Beanspruchungen und Engagement. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass alle Ressourcen positiv mit der Arbeitszufriedenheit korrelieren und die Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung darüber hinaus einen schwach abpuffernden Effekt auf die anforderungsbedingte Beanspruchung hat.
The dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex bi-polar error-related potential in a locked-in patient implanted with a daily use brain–computer interface
Authors: Freudenburg Zachary , Kohneshin Khaterah , Aarnoutse Erik , Vansteensel Mariska , Branco Mariana , Leinders Sacha , van den Boom Max , Pels Elmar G. M. , Ramsey Nick
Published: November 2021

While brain computer interfaces (BCIs) offer the potential of allowing those suffering from loss of muscle control to once again fully engage with their environment by bypassing the affected motor system and decoding user intentions directly from brain activity, they are prone to errors. One possible avenue for BCI performance improvement is to detect when the BCI user perceives the BCI to have made an unintended action and thus take corrective actions. Error-related potentials (ErrPs) are neural correlates of error awareness and as such can provide an indication of when a BCI system is not performing according to the user’s intentions. Here, we investigate the brain signals of an implanted BCI user suffering from locked-in syndrome (LIS) due to late-stage ALS that prevents her from being able to speak or move but not from using her BCI at home on a daily basis to communicate, for the presence of error-related signals. We first establish the presence of an ErrP originating from the dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex (dLPFC) in response to errors made during a discrete feedback task that mimics the click-based spelling software she uses to communicate. Then, we show that this ErrP can also be elicited by cursor movement errors in a continuous BCI cursor control task. This work represents a first step toward detecting ErrPs during the daily home use of a communications BCI.
What to do when there is nothing to do? Toward a better understanding of idle time at work
Authors: Schubert Karoline , Zeschke Martin , Zacher Hannes
Published: November 2021

Idle time at work is a phase of involuntary downtime during which employees experience that they cannot carry out their work tasks. In contrast to breaks, interruptions, procrastination, or withdrawal behavior, employees cannot work because of the absence of work-related tasks. Based on action regulation theory, we develop an integrative conceptual model on the antecedents and consequences of the subjective experience of idle time. We propose that work constraints (i.e., regulation problems) have negative effects on occupational well-being and task performance, and that these effects are mediated by subjective idle time. The strength of these effects is further assumed to be influenced by individuals’ use of proactive (i.e., prevention) and adaptive (i.e., coping) strategies. Results of a supplemental qualitative study, for which we interviewed 20 employees from different occupations, provided preliminary support for the propositions. Finally, we develop theory on how individual, situational, and organizational characteristics may influence the proposed effects on and of idle time. Overall, this conceptual development paper contributes to a better theoretical understanding of idle time at work by extending its definition and applying action regulation theory to this practically important phenomenon.
Deep phylogeographic splits but no taxonomic structure in the disjointly distributed Draba pacheri (Brassicaceae), a subendemic of the Eastern Alps
Authors: Kucs Erich , Schönswetter Peter , Schneeweiss Gerald M.
Published: November 2021

Draba (Brassicaeae), a model group for diversification and evolution in Arctic and mountain habitats, is taxonomically challenging and many of its species are insufficiently investigated. One such species is D. pacheri, an endemic of the eastern European Alps and the western Carpathians (here presumably extinct). Several hypotheses exist with respect to the phylogenetic position and the taxonomy of this species, but none of these has ever been tested using molecular data. In this article we examine (i) DNA sequence data to assess the phylogenetic position of D. pacheri within the genus and (ii) AFLP fingerprint data as well as morphometric data to address whether this species can be divided taxonomically into species or subspecies. DNA sequence data firmly place D. pacheri within the Core Draba Group III, whose internal relationships are, however, insufficiently resolved to precisely identify the closest relative of D. pacheri. AFLP data identify several genetically divergent lineages corresponding to geographically distinct regions. Although these lineages are congruent with hypotheses distinguishing either two species (D. pacheri s. str., D. norica) or one species with several subspecies, the lack of clear morphological separation, both with respect to the entire set of traits and single presumably diagnostic characters such as trichome morphology, renders recognition of a single species D. pacheri, as suggested previously, the best taxonomic solution. The deep and geographically strongly structured splits of D. pacheri likely are the result of isolation in several Pleistocene refugia and warrant that conservation efforts should involve populations from each of the main geographic subgroups.
Focal neuroendocrine carcinoma mixed with adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder with aggressive lymph node metastasis in a patient who did not meet the mixed neuroendocrine–non-neuroendocrine neoplasm criteria
Authors: Kadota Yoshie , Funakoshi Shinsuke , Hirose Shigemichi , Shiomi Eisuke , Odaira Masanori , Yagishita Haruka , Kobayashi Yosuke , Toriumi Fumiki , Tamai Seiichi , Endo Takashi , Harada Hirohisa
Published: November 2021

A 70-year-old Japanese woman who was treated for interstitial pneumonia (IP) with steroid therapy developed cholecystitis. A serial computed-tomography (CT) imaging showed irregular thickness of the fundus wall of the gallbladder and two rapidly enlarged lymph nodes (LNs): number (no.) 12 and no. 8a. Positron-emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scan showed an abnormal uptake at the site of the gallbladder tumor and those LNs. We subsequently performed open radical cholecystectomy and LN dissection of the no. 12 and 8a LNs, following complete remission of IP. The histology showed gallbladder adenocarcinoma, with a single focus of neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) component of less than 30%; Ki-67 index > 80%, synaptophysin (Syn) (+), chromogranin A (CgA) (+), and clusters of differentiation (CD) 56 (+) (T2bN1M0, Stage IIIB). LN no. 8a was diffusely metastatic with NEC components. LN no. 12c, which was adjacent to the cystic duct, revealed necrosis without apparent tumor cells, but was highly suspicious for tumor necrosis. The final diagnosis was adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder with focal NEC (< 30%), which did not meet the criteria for mixed neuroendocrine–non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN). Postoperatively, she completed 4 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy for NEC (Cisplatin plus Etoposide), and no recurrence was observed after 12 months.
Aeroelastic simulations of a delta wing with a Chimera approach for deflected control surfaces
Authors: Reinbold Christopher , Sørensen Kaare , Breitsamter Christian
Published: November 2021

A numerical tool for the computation of aircraft control surface aerodynamics with flexibility effects is presented. The solution is based on coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Computational Structural Mechanics (CSM) simulations embedded in the multidisciplinary simulation environment SimServer. In SimServer, the DLR-TAU Code is utilized to obtain the CFD solution by solving the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations. Structural displacements are computed with a modal solver. The Chimera implementation of SimServer, suited for hybrid grids, is applied to model the control surfaces. Numerical simulations with the flexible Chimera method are performed for the Model53 wing configuration, which is a generic delta wing with a deployed slat as well as an inboard and outboard trailing edge flap. Aerodynamic and aeroelastic simulations at high dynamic pressure $$q=45$$

q
=
45

 kPa and transonic speed $${\text {Ma}} = 0.8$$

Ma
=
0.8

are performed for several angles of attack $$10^\circ \le \alpha \le 25^\circ$$

10
∘

≤
α
≤

25
∘

and flap deflection angles $$-30^\circ \le \delta \le 30^\circ$$

-

30
∘

≤
δ
≤

30
∘

. The effect of structural deformations on the flow field and control surface effectiveness are analyzed and compared to computations of components treated fully rigid. At the targeted freestream condition $$M=0.8$$

M
=
0.8

and $${\text {Re}}=15.1 \times 10^7$$

Re
=
15.1
×

10
7

, the flow field around the Model53 configuration is characterized by the interaction of vortices and shock waves. The results of the lift and pitching moment coefficient for the rigid and flexible configuration revealed the importance of taking the structural flexibility into account in order to obtain more accurate results for the considered range of flap deflections. Furthermore, the computational effort of the aerodynamic and aeroelastic simulations are evaluated. The increase in computational effort is shown to be adequate for the given increase in accuracy.
Statistical analysis of sub-zero temperature effects on fatigue strength of welded joints
Authors: Braun Moritz
Published: November 2021

Ships and offshore structures in Arctic environments are exposed to severe environmental actions and sub-zero temperatures. Thus, the design of such structures has to account for the Arctic environment and must be cost-efficient at the same time. A vital part of the design process is to ensure that fatigue-induced failure does not occur in the lifetime of the structure. While effects of high temperatures on material behavior are well covered in international standards and guidelines, there is no comprehensive guidance for sub-zero temperature fatigue strength assessment. Additionally, stress-life (S–N) test data of welded joints at sub-zero temperatures is particularly scarce. Hence, this study presents an extensive review of recent test results of various weld details tested in the range of − 50 to 20 °C. This data could build the basis for future considerations of temperature effects in fatigue design guidelines and recommendations. For this purpose, the fatigue test results are submitted to a rigorous statistically assessment—including a summary of the limitations of current design guidelines with respect to sub-zero temperature effects.
Correction to: Reduced-form mechanism design and ex post fairness constraints
Authors: Yang Erya
Published: November 2021

A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1007/s40505-021-00211-1
The Impact of Executives’ Gender, Financial Incentives, and Shareholder Pressure on Corporate Social and Ecological Investments
Authors: Theis Jochen , Nipper Marvin
Published: November 2021

Archival research suggests that female executives have an impact on corporate decision-making and generally finds positive associations between female board representation and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) performance. However, archival research does not reveal why female executives decide differently in the context of CSR. As this is our starting point, we conduct an experiment and examine executives’ decision-making in terms of CSR investment. While female executives seem to be more oriented towards social and ecological practices, we find strong evidence that participants’ real-world incentive program mainly drives their CSR decision-making. We also examine if selected gender-specific character traits (risk propensity, sustainability attitude, and empathy) cause gender differences in executives’ CSR decision-making. In an exploratory analysis, we furthermore show that executives’ risk propensity affects their CSR decision-making conditional on the level of shareholder pressure they face. Our study contributes to the literature on executives’ decision-making and to the CSR literature by enhancing our understanding of determinants of executives’ CSR decision-making.
On MSE-Optimal Circular Crossover Designs
Authors: Neumann C. , Kunert J.
Published: November 2021

In crossover designs, each subject receives a series of treatments, one after the other inpconsecutive periods. There is concern that the measurement of a subject at a given period might be influenced not only by the direct effect of the current treatment but also by a carryover effect of the treatment applied in the preceding period. Sometimes, the periods of a crossover design are arranged in a circular structure. Before the first period of the experiment itself, there is a run-in period, in which each subject receives the treatment it will receive again in the last period. No measurements are taken during the run-in period. We consider the estimate for direct effects of treatments which is not corrected for carryover effects. If there are carryover effects, this uncorrected estimate will be biased. In that situation, the quality of the estimate can be measured by the mean square error, the sum of the squared bias and the variance. We determine MSE-optimal designs, that is, designs for which the mean square error is as small as possible. Since the optimal design will in general depend on the size of the carryover effects, we also determine the efficiency of some designs compared to the locally optimal design. It turns out that circular neighbour-balanced designs are highly efficient.
A Reflection on Community Research and Action as an Evolving Practice
Authors: Fawcett Stephen B.
Published: November 2021

Community research and action is an evolving field of practice with multiple influences. Its varied ways of knowing and doing reflect recombined elements from different disciplines, including behavioral science, community psychology, public health, and community development. This article offers a personal reflection based on my evolving practice over nearly 50 years. The focus is on three types of influence: (a) engaging with different communities, fields, and networks (e.g., discovering shared values, diverse methods); (b) building methods and capabilities for the work (e.g., methods for participatory research, tools for capacity building); and (c) partnering for collaborative research and action, locally and globally. This story highlights the nature of the field’s evolution as an increasing variation in methods. Our evolving practice of community research and action—individually and collectively—emerges from the recombination of ideas and methods discovered through engagement in a wide variety of contexts.
Precarious Hope: Situated Perspectives on the COVID-19 Pandemic from Undergraduate Students in Manchester, UK
Authors: Nunn Caitlin , Germaine Chloe , Ogden Charlotte , Miah Yasmin , Marsh Jessica , Kitching Rhiannon , Kathrada Nasira , Hough Katerina , Harper Isabel
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the lives of young people, transforming and disrupting education provision, employment opportunities, social practices, mobilities, and experiences of health and well-being. In the UK context, the pandemic can be understood as both a unique event and as a further addition to the intersecting crises—including austerity and Brexit—that are increasingly shaping and constraining youth experiences and aspirations and exacerbating precarity and inequality. In this article, seven undergraduate students from Manchester, UK, with two academic co-authors, employ a co-productive approach to reflect on our experiences of the pandemic. Our autoethnographic accounts draw attention to the situated effects of the pandemic, and its intersection with existing challenges and pressures, including the gig economy, mental and physical ill health, and transnational family networks. At the same time, our narratives capture a sense of precarious hope: hopefulness that is both a product of precarity and itself precarious, opening up new possibilities for collectively imagining and pursuing viable and meaningful futures in uncertain times. Supporting our endeavours requires the inclusion of youth voices in research, policy, and practice; work we begin here.
Method for assessing the impact of rainfall depth on the stormwater volume in a sanitary sewage network
Authors: Kozłowski Edward , Kowalski Dariusz , Kowalska Beata , Mazurkiewicz Dariusz
Published: November 2021

Sanitary sewage network is relatively rarely considered as the cause of urban floods. Its hydraulic overload can result not only in flooding, but also sanitary contamination of subcatchments. Stormwater is the main reason for this overload. In contrast to the stormwater or combined sewer system, these waters infiltrate into the network in an uncontrolled way, through ventilation holes of covers or structural faults and lack of tightness of manholes. Part of stormwater infiltrates into the soil, where it leaks into pipelines. This greatly hinders assessing the quantity of stormwater influent into the sanitary sewer system. Standard methods of finding correlation between rainfall and the intensity of stormwater flow are ineffective. This is confirmed, i.a. by the studies performed in an existing network, presented in this paper. Only when residuals analysis was performed using the ARIMA and ARIMAX methods, the authors were able to develop a mathematical model enabling to assess the influence of rainfall depth on the stormwater effluent from the sewage network. Owing to the possibility of using the rainfall depth forecasts, the developed mathematical model enables to prepare the local water and sewerage companies for the occurrence of urban floods as well as hydraulic overload of wastewater treatment plants.
The development of luminescent solar concentrator-based photomicroreactors: a cheap reactor enabling efficient solar-powered photochemistry
Authors: Zondag Stefan D. A. , Masson Tom M. , Debije Michael G. , Noël Timothy
Published: November 2021

Sunlight strikes our planet every day with more energy than we consume in an entire year. Therefore, many researchers have explored ways to efficiently harvest and use sunlight energy for the activation of organic molecules. However, implementation of this energy source in the large-scale production of fine chemicals has been mostly neglected. The use of solar energy for chemical transformations suffers from potential drawbacks including scattering, reflections, cloud shading and poor matches between the solar emission and absorption characteristics of the photochemical reaction. In this account, we provide an overview of our efforts to overcome these issues through the development of Luminescent Solar Concentrator-based PhotoMicroreactors (LSC-PM). Such reactors can efficiently convert solar energy with a broad spectral distribution to concentrated and wavelength-shifted irradiation which matches the absorption maximum of the photocatalyst. Hence, the use of these conceptually new photomicroreactors provides an increased solar light harvesting capacity, enabling efficient solar-powered photochemistry.

Graphical abstract
Making Noise in the Modern Hospital
Authors: Bates Victoria
Published: November 2021

This Element examines the problem of hospital noise, a problem that has repeatedly been discovered anew, with each new era bringing its own efforts to control and abate unwanted sound in healthcare settings. Why, then, has hospital noise never been resolved? This question is at the heart of Making Noise in the Modern Hospital, which brings together histories of the senses, space, technology, society, medicine and architecture to understand the changing cacophony of the late twentieth-century British hospital. This Element is fundamentally interdisciplinary – despite being historical, it comes up to the present day and brings in scholarship on space, place, atmosphere and the senses that will have relevance to scholars working outside of historical research. The intersection between medical and sensory histories also puts interdisciplinary research at the Element's core.
Teaching Secondary Geography
Authors: McInerney Malcolm , Caldis Susan , Cranby Stephen , Butler John , Maude Alaric , Jones Susanne , Law Michael Patrick , Nicholas Rebecca
Published: November 2021

Geography is not only the study of the surface of the planet and the exploration of spatial and human - environment relationships, but also a way of thinking about the world. Guided by the Australian Curriculum and the Professional Standards for Teaching School Geography (GEOGstandards), Teaching Secondary Geography provides a comprehensive introduction to both the theory and practice of teaching Geography. This text covers fundamental geographical knowledge and skills, such as working with data, graphicacy, fieldwork and spatial technology, and provides practical guidance on teaching them in the classroom. Each chapter features short-answer and 'Pause and Think' questions to enhance understanding of key concepts, and 'Bringing It Together' review questions to consolidate learning. Classroom scenarios and a range of information boxes are provided throughout to connect students to additional material. Written by an author team with extensive teaching experience, Teaching Secondary Geography is an exemplary resource for pre-service teachers.
Survey of physician and pharmacist steward perceptions of their antibiotic stewardship programs
Authors: Burrowes Shana A. B. , Drainoni Mari-Lynn , Tjilos Maria , Butler Jorie M. , Damschroder Laura J. , Goetz Matthew Bidwell , Madaras-Kelly Karl , Reardon Caitlin M. , Samore Matthew H. , Shen Jincheng , Stenehjem Edward , Zhang Yue , Barlam Tamar F.
Published: November 2021

Objective:

To examine how individual steward characteristics (eg, steward role, sex, and specialized training) are associated with their views of antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) implementation at their institution.

Design:

Descriptive survey from a mixed-methods study.

Setting:

Two large national healthcare systems; the Veterans’ Health Administration (VA) (n = 134 hospitals) and Intermountain Healthcare (IHC; n = 20 hospitals).

Participants:

We sent the survey to 329 antibiotic stewards serving in 154 hospitals; 152 were physicians and 177 were pharmacists. In total, 118 pharmacists and 64 physicians from 126 hospitals responded.

Methods:

The survey was grounded in constructs of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, and it assessed stewards’ views on the development and implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs) at their institutions We then examined differences in stewards’ views by demographic factors.

Results:

Regardless of individual factors, stewards agreed that the ASP added value to their institution and was advantageous to patient care. Stewards also reported high levels of collegiality and self-efficacy. Stewards who had specialized training or those volunteered for the role were less likely to think that the ASP was implemented due to a mandate. Similarly volunteers and those with specialized training felt that they had authority in the antibiotic decisions made in their facility.

Conclusions:

Given the importance of ASPs, it may be beneficial for healthcare institutions to recruit and train individuals with a true interest in stewardship.
Partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms and Lagrangian contact structures
Authors: MION-MOUTON MARTIN
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we classify the three-dimensional partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms whose stable, unstable, and central distributions
$E^s$
,
$E^u$
, and
$E^c$
are smooth, such that
$E^s\oplus E^u$
is a contact distribution, and whose non-wandering set equals the whole manifold. We prove that up to a finite quotient or a finite power, they are smoothly conjugated either to a time-map of an algebraic contact-Anosov flow, or to an affine partially hyperbolic automorphism of a nil-
${\mathrm {Heis}}{(3)}$
-manifold. The rigid geometric structure induced by the invariant distributions plays a fundamental part in the proof.
Metabolomics profiles of premenopausal women are different based on O-desmethylangolensin metabotype
Authors: Frankenfeld Cara L. , Maskarinec Gertraud , Franke Adrian A.
Published: November 2021

Urinary O-desmethylangolensin (ODMA) concentrations provide a functional gut microbiome marker of dietary isoflavone daidzein metabolism to ODMA. Individuals who do not have gut microbial environments that produce ODMA have less favourable cardiometabolic and cancer risk profiles. Urinary metabolomics profiles were evaluated in relation to ODMA metabotypes within and between individuals over time. Secondary analysis of data was conducted from the BEAN2 trial, which was a cross-over study of premenopausal women consuming 6 months on a high and a low soya diet, each separated by a 1-month washout period. In all of the 672 samples in the study, sixty-six of the eighty-four women had the same ODMA metabotype at seven or all eight time points. Two or four urine samples per woman were selected based on temporal metabotypes in order to compare within and across individuals. Metabolomics assays for primary metabolism and biogenic amines were conducted in sixty urine samples from twenty women. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis was used to compare metabolomics profiles. For the same ODMA metabotype across different time points, no profile differences were detected. For changes in metabotype within individuals and across individuals with different metabotypes, distinct metabolomes emerged. Influential metabolites (variables importance in projection score > 2) included several phenolic compounds, carnitine and derivatives, fatty acid and amino acid metabolites and some medications. Based on the distinct metabolomes of producers v. non-producers, the ODMA metabotype may be a marker of gut microbiome functionality broadly involved in nutrient and bioactive metabolism and should be evaluated for relevance to precision nutrition initiatives.
Geochronology, geochemistry and tectonic implications of early Carboniferous plutons in the southwestern Alxa Block
Authors: Wang Zeng-Zhen , Chen Xuan-Hua , Shao Zhao-Gang , Li Bing , Chen Hong-Xu , Ding Wei-Cui , Zhang Yao-Yao , Wang Yong-Chao
Published: November 2021

The southeastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) records the assembly process between several micro-continental blocks and the North China Craton (NCC), with the consumption of the Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO), but whether the S-wards subduction of the PAO beneath the northern NCC was ongoing during Carboniferous–Permian time is still being debated. A key issue to resolve this controversy is whether the Carboniferous magmatism in the northern NCC was continental arc magmatism. The Alxa Block is the western segment of the northern NCC and contiguous to the southeastern CAOB, and their Carboniferous–Permian magmatism could have occurred in similar tectonic settings. In this contribution, new zircon U–Pb ages, elemental geochemistry and Sr–Nd isotopic analyses are presented for three early Carboniferous granitic plutons in the southwestern Alxa Block. Two newly identified aluminous A-type granites, an alkali-feldspar granite (331.6 ± 1.6 Ma) and a monzogranite (331.8 ± 1.7 Ma), exhibit juvenile and radiogenic Sr–Nd isotopic features, respectively. Although a granodiorite (326.2 ± 6.6 Ma) is characterized by high Sr/Y ratios (97.4–139.9), which is generally treated as an adikitic feature, this sample has highly radiogenic Sr–Nd isotopes and displays significantly higher K2O/Na2O ratios than typical adakites. These three granites were probably derived from the partial melting of Precambrian continental crustal sources heated by upwelling asthenosphere in lithospheric extensional setting. Regionally, both the Alxa Block and the southeastern CAOB are characterized by the formation of early Carboniferous extension-related magmatic rocks but lack coeval sedimentary deposits, suggesting a uniform lithospheric extensional setting rather than a simple continental arc.
Gender asymmetries in ellipsis: An experimental comparison of markedness and frequency accounts in English
Authors: SPROUSE JON , MESSICK TROY , BOBALJIK JONATHAN DAVID
Published: November 2021

Bobaljik & Zocca (2011) argue that ellipsis reveals the existence of (at least) two classes of gender-paired nouns: in theactor/actressclass, the grammatically feminine form is specified for conceptual gender, while the unaffixed form is unspecified, exemplifying the classic markedness asymmetry (Jakobson 1932); in theprince/princessclass, both forms are specified for conceptual gender. Here we test two theories of this asymmetry: one that encodes markedness in the linguistic representation (e.g. Merchant 2014, Sudo & Spathas 2016, and Saab 2019), and one that traces the asymmetry to differences in the relative frequency of the forms in each pair (Haspelmath 2006). The frequency approach predicts that the size of the asymmetries (as quantified by acceptability judgments) will correlate with the size of the relative frequency ratio for each pair. We test this prediction in two experiments: the first is a curated set of 16 pairs in English, and the second is a test of 58 pairs that nearly exhausts such pairs in English. We use frequencies from COCA (Davies 2008) to test the prediction of the frequency approach. Our results suggest that the relative frequency hypothesis is not an empirically adequate competitor for the explanation of gender asymmetries.
Shared genetic and environmental etiology between substance use disorders and suicidal behavior
Authors: Edwards Alexis C. , Ohlsson Henrik , Lannoy Séverine , Stephenson Mallory , Crump Casey , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina , Kendler Kenneth S.
Published: November 2021

Background

Previous studies have demonstrated substantial associations between substance use disorders (SUD) and suicidal behavior. The current study empirically assesses the extent to which shared genetic and/or environmental factors contribute to associations between alcohol use disorders (AUD) or drug use disorders (DUD) and suicidal behavior, including attempts and death.

Methods

The authors used Swedish national registry data, including medical, pharmacy, criminal, and death registrations, for a large cohort of twins, full siblings, and half siblings (N = 1 314 990) born 1960–1980 and followed through 2017. They conducted twin-sibling modeling of suicide attempt (SA) or suicide death (SD) with AUD and DUD to estimate genetic and environmental correlations between outcomes. Analyses were stratified by sex.

Results

Genetic correlations between SA and SUD ranged from rA = 0.60–0.88; corresponding shared environmental correlations were rC = 0.42–0.89 but accounted for little overall variance; and unique environmental correlations were rE = 0.42–0.57. When replacing attempt with SD, genetic and shared environmental correlations with AUD and DUD were comparable (rA = 0.48–0.72, rC = 0.92–1.00), but were attenuated for unique environmental factors (rE = −0.01 to 0.31).

Conclusions

These findings indicate that shared genetic and unique environmental factors contribute to comorbidity of suicidal behavior and SUD, in conjunction with previously reported causal associations. Thus, each outcome should be considered an indicator of risk for the others. Opportunities for joint prevention and intervention, while limited by the polygenic nature of these outcomes, may be feasible considering moderate environmental correlations between SA and SUD.
Old-age diversity is underrepresented in digital health research: findings from the evaluation of a mobile phone system for post-operative progress monitoring in Sweden
Authors: Poli Arianna , Kelfve Susanne , Berg Katarina , Motel-Klingebiel Andreas
Published: November 2021

Much research is conducted to evaluate digital-based solutions for health-care services, but little is known about how such evaluations acknowledge diversity in later life. This study helps fill this gap and analyses participation in the evaluation of a web-based mobile phone system for monitoring the post-operative progress of patients after day surgery. Participation is conceptualised as resulting from three processes: pre-screening, recruitment and self-selection. Based on field information and survey data, this study models (a) the (non-)participation in a sample of 498 individuals aged 60 and older that includes non-screened, non-recruited, decliners and participants in the evaluation, and (b) the individual decision to participate in a sample of 210 individuals aged 60 and older who were invited to take part in the evaluation. Increasing age enhances the likelihood of not being screened, not being recruited or declining the invitation. Those not recruited were most often ineligible because of technology-related barriers. Decliners and participants differed by age, gender, job, health status, digital skills, but not by social participation. Results suggest that highly specific groups of older people are more likely to be involved than others. Old-age diversity is not properly represented in digital health research, with implications for the inclusivity of new digital health technologies. This has implications for increased risks of old-age exclusion and exacerbation of social and digital inequalities in ageing societies.
Hydropower reservoir reduces Great Argus Argusianus argus density in proximity to its shore
Authors: ONG-IN TIWA , SAVINI TOMMASO
Published: November 2021

Habitat degradation due to hydropower development within protected areas has a marked negative effect on resident wildlife species. However, efforts to develop appropriate conservation and management plans are hampered by a general lack of quantitative information and a poor understanding of relevant ecological constraints. Great Argus Argusianus argus, a large galliform species sensitive to habitat degradation, can reflect the impacts of the Chiew Larn reservoir in southern Thailand on local wildlife. Great Argus abundance in the remaining lowland areas of Khlong Saeng Wildlife Sanctuary (KSWS) was estimated using line transects along the Chiew Larn reservoir edges and in the forest interior between February and April 2017. The population estimate for KSWS was 108 individuals (95% CI: 41–272) based on the sampled area of 18.06 km2, with a density estimate of 5.9 calling males/km2. The abundance increased with increased distance from the reservoir shoreline, which might be related to the high level of direct and indirect human disturbance close to the hydropower reservoir.
Perception of pediatric oncology family care providers toward palliative care and its perceived barriers in Egypt
Authors: Mohamed Magda Aly , Ibrahim Ateya Megahed , Ibrahim Hanaa Mohamed , Abdella Nabila , Elmowafy Reda Ibrahim
Published: November 2021

Background

Palliative care is comprehensive supportive care addressing the suffering, pain, discomfort, symptoms, and stress of cancer and any serious life-threatening disease. It is a key part of care for our children living with cancer and is an important source of support for their families. The study aimed to assess the perception of pediatric oncology family care providers toward palliative care and its perceived barriers in Egypt.

Method

Total number of 500 oncology children's family care providers was recruited. A descriptive research design was utilized. Researchers used three tools as Structured Interview Questionnaire to assess the participants' knowledge and perceived barriers, Attitude toward palliative care Likert Scale, and Reported Practices Observational Checklist. The study was conducted in outpatient cancer clinics affiliated with El-Nasr governmental hospital located at Port Said governorate.

Results

51.8% of the total oncology children's family care providers had sufficient knowledge, 78.6% had a positive attitude, while,76.8% of them had inappropriate Practice towards palliative care.

Significance of results

The pediatric oncology family care providers had sufficient knowledge and a positive attitude toward palliative care, but their practices were inappropriate. Also, the majority of participants identified Lack of family care providers training in pediatric palliative care and improper communication between the health team and family care providers as the main barriers to providing palliative care to children. Providing a palliative care training program for family caregivers through continuing professional development is highly recommended besides further research studies using large probability samples at different settings.
Area‐Based Geocoding: An Approach to Exposure Assessment Incorporating Positional Uncertainty
Authors: Thompson Laura K. , Langholz Bryan , Goldberg Daniel W. , Wilson John P. , Ritz Beate , Tayour Carrie , Cockburn Myles
Published: November 2021

While the spatial resolution of exposure surfaces has greatly improved, our ability to locate people in space remains a limiting factor in accurate exposure assessment. In this case‐control study, two approaches to geocoding participant locations were used to study the impact of geocoding uncertainty on the estimation of ambient pesticide exposure and breast cancer risk among women living in California's Central Valley. Residential and occupational histories were collected and geocoded using a traditional point‐based method along with a novel area‐based method. The standard approach to geocoding uses centroid points to represent all geocoded locations, and is unable to adapt exposure areas based on geocode quality, except through the exclusion of low‐certainty locations. In contrast, area‐based geocoding retains the complete area to which an address matched (the same area from which the centroid is returned), and therefore maintains the appropriate level of precision when it comes to assessing exposure by geography. Incorporating the total potential exposure area for each geocoded location resulted in different exposure classifications and resulting odds ratio estimates than estimates derived from the centroids of those same areas (using a traditional point‐based geocoder). The direction and magnitude of these differences varied by pesticide, but in all cases odds ratios differed by at least 6% and up to 35%. These findings demonstrate the importance of geocoding in exposure estimation and suggest it is important to consider geocode certainty and quality throughout exposure assessment, rather than simply using the best available point geocodes.
CMIP6 MultiModel Evaluation of Present‐Day Heatwave Attributes
Authors: Hirsch Annette L. , Ridder Nina N. , Perkins‐Kirkpatrick Sarah E. , Ukkola Anna
Published: November 2021

Heatwave frequency, duration and intensity has increased since the 1950s, a trend likely to continue with anthropogenic climate change. Although climate model projections are an important source of information on how heatwaves and other climate extremes may evolve with climate change it is necessary to understand whether climate models are able to adequately reproduce historical statistics of these events. We provide the first global evaluation of CMIP6 models to characterize heatwave characteristics between 1950 and 2014. Further, we also include a global heatwave evaluation of the CMIP5 models, as no study currently exists. Our results demonstrate that both ensembles underestimate mean heatwave frequency with region‐dependent biases for mean heatwave duration, intensity, and cumulative heat. Comparisons between CMIP5 and CMIP6 show that improvements in skill for the heatwave metrics evaluated here are marginal, suggesting that future improvements in simulating heatwaves may only be possible with significant advances in climate modeling capabilities.
Disentangling Internal and External Contributions to Atlantic Multidecadal Variability Over the Past Millennium
Authors: Fang Shih‐Wei , Khodri Myriam , Timmreck Claudia , Zanchettin Davide , Jungclaus Johann
Published: November 2021

The Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) modulates the North Atlantic surface ocean variability and affects decadal climates over the globe; its underlying mechanisms remain, however, under debate. In this study, we use a multi‐model ensemble of transient past‐millennium (850–1849) and unperturbed preindustrial control simulations contributing to the paleoclimate modeling intercomparison project—phase 4 (PMIP4) to decompose the AMV signal into the internal AMV and the external signal. The internal component of AMV exhibits no robust behavior across simulations during periods of major forcing such as strong volcanic eruptions, whereas the external forced temperature responds to volcanic eruptions with an immediate radiative cooling followed, in some simulations, by a sequence of damped multidecadal oscillations. The internal component tightly relates with the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and dominates the fluctuations of AMV; whereas the external signal has limited impacts on AMOC and explains ∼25% of the AMV variance over the past millennium.
Deformation and Sedimentary Responses to Top‐to‐North Shear Along the Range Front of the Big Bend of the Ailao Shan–Red River Shear Zone, SE Edge of the Tibetan Plateau, and Its Tectonic Implications
Authors: Wang E. , Fan C. , Su Z.
Published: November 2021

Understanding the mountain–basin coupling relationship is fundamental to placing constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Ailao Shan mylonite shear zone, the key feature accommodating relative movement between the Tibetan Plateau and SE Asia, because a contemporary basin, namely Red River, bounds its middle segment on the northeast, along which the shear zone is bent from northwest–southeast to roughly east–west (The Big Bend). The basin comprises two units: the Mubang Breccia and the Lengdun Conglomerate of Early Oligocene and Late Oligocene–Early Miocene age, respectively. This study reveals evidence indicating that the Wubang Breccia marks a high‐strain zone, resulting from top‐to‐north shear (range‐front detachment (RFD), along which the mylonite on the footwall experienced northward bending in the form of creeping. Moreover, the Lengdun Conglomerate on the hanging wall was deposited as growth strata, overlying a thrust belt to the north. The latter marks the southern rim of the Yangtze block, composed of extensional fault blocks, whose northward displacement along the toe of the RFD was synchronized with the north–south extension across the Red River basin. The spatial and temporal relationships between the Red River basin and the Ailao Shan shear zone indicate that basin formation was controlled by the change in geometry of the shear zone. The Red River basin can be viewed as an extensional step‐over in the left‐lateral strike‐slip field, in which all sedimentary and deformation processes were controlled by the extension and subsequent topographic spreading, accommodated by the RFD. This indicates that the extensional crustal materials, including both Langdun Conglomerate and underlying extensional fault blocks, were all shed from the top of the Ailao Shan mylonite belt. The cause of bending of the shear zone is attributed to the northward movement of India with respect to South China and the bending process came to an end as the left‐lateral movement ceased.
Spatial Patterns and Sensitivity of Intermittent Stream Drying to Climate Variability
Authors: Moidu H. , Obedzinski M. , Carlson S. M. , Grantham T. E.
Published: November 2021

Intermittent streams comprise much of the global river network, and are expected to become more prevalent with climate change. Characterizing the expansion and contraction of intermittency in stream networks, and understanding how sensitive these dynamics are to climatic variability, is critical for predicting the trajectory of hydrologic regimes in a changing climate. Here, we consider the spatial patterns of stream intermittency, focusing on wetted channel conditions at the end of the dry season, and identify land cover, physiographic, and climate variables that influence surface water presence and variability across years. We trained statistical models with wetted channel mapping data from 25 streams over 7 years to predict both the spatial and interannual variability of the wetted channel network. We then used the models to assess intermittent stream dynamics across the Russian River watershed in northern California, USA. We found that an average of 3.7% of the stream network was reliably dry, while 16.1% was reliably wet at the end of the dry season, with the remainder of the network exhibiting variability in wetted conditions in response to antecedent precipitation. Both climatic and landscape characteristics controlled the extent of the wetted network, particularly antecedent precipitation at seasonal and annual time scales, highlighting the role of hydrologic memory in this system. Given predictions of increased climate volatility, an improved understanding of the spatial patterns and stability of dry season conditions in intermittent streams can inform climate risk assessments and strategies for protecting biodiversity and the ecosystem services that intermittent streams support.