bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiences of individuals presenting to the emergency department for mental health reasons: A systematic mixed studies review
Authors: Bull Claudia , Goh Jia Yin , Warren Nicola , Kisely Steve
Published: June 2024

Objective:

Emergency departments the world over have seen substantial increases in the number of individuals presenting for mental health reasons. However, we have a limited understanding of their experiences of care. The aim of this review was to systematically examine and synthesise literature relating to the experiences of individuals presenting to emergency department for mental health reasons.

Methods:

We followed Pluye and Hong’s seven-step approach to conducting a systematic mixed studies review. Studies were included if they investigated adult mental health experiences in emergency department from the users’ perspective. Studies describing proxy, carer/family or care provider experiences were excluded.

Results:

Sixteen studies were included. Thematic synthesis identified three themes and associated subthemes. Theme 1 – ED staff can make-or-break and ED experience – comprised: Feeling understood and heard; Engaging in judgement-free interactions; Receiving therapeutic support; Being actively and passively invalidated for presenting to the ED; and Once a psych patient, always a psych patient. Theme 2 – Being in the ED environment is counter-therapeutic – comprised: Waiting for an ‘extremely’ long time; and Lacking privacy. Theme 3 was Having nowhere else to go.

Conclusions:

The experiences described by individuals presenting to emergency department for mental health reasons were mostly poor. The results illustrate a need for increased mental health education and training for all emergency department staff. Employment of specialist and lived experience workers should also be prioritised to support more therapeutic relationships and emergency department environments. In addition, greater investment in mental health systems is required to manage the current crisis and ensure future sustainability.
Online and Terrestrial Identity Theft: A Comparison of Victims and Examination of Reporting Decisions Across Modalities
Authors: Maher Cooper A.
Published: June 2024

The current study examines whether identity theft that occurs online differs from terrestrial identity theft, and the correlates of reporting across modalities. Findings from two samples (online n = 1,087; terrestrial n = 371) from the 2016, 2018, and 2021 waves of the National Crime Victimization Survey’s Identity Theft Supplement indicate that terrestrial identity theft led to greater levels of distress and financial losses than online identity theft, and was more often reported to police. Multivariate findings indicate that distress levels and knowledge of the person who committed the offense were positively associated with odds of reporting online identity theft, but not terrestrial identity theft. The article highlights the importance of acknowledging the modality of identity theft, and offers suggestions for policy.
Balance evaluation system using wearable IMU sensing
Authors: Wang Tiantian , Liu Minghui , Bao Benkun , Zhang Senhao , Yang Liuxin , Yang Hongbo , Guo Kai , Meng Dianhuai
Published: June 2024

The evaluation of balance and postural stability holds significant importance in both medical rehabilitation and daily life. However, the clinical method is hindered by the inconvenience of immobility and relatively high costs associated with the force platforms. Wearable sensors, such as accelerometers, have emerged as an alternative solution, overcoming the limitations of traditional force platforms. Thus, the purpose of this study is to utilize data obtained from a low-cost, portable, small-sized IMU (specifically an accelerometer) to predict indicators derived from force platform devices. A miniaturized and portable acceleration test equipment was proposed. Together with the random forest algorithm, our classification method achieved classification results with accuracy, recall, precision, f1-score, and specificity scores above 95%, This study provides a more portable and highly accurate tool for assessing balance ability.
Russia Weaponization of Canada's Far Right and Far Left to Undermine Support for Ukraine
Authors: McQuinn Brian , Kolga Marcus , Buntain Cody , Courchesne Laura
Published: June 2024

This article details the Russian government's efforts to influence Canadians’ perceptions of the war in Ukraine. Specifically, we examined Russian information campaigns tailored to Canadian audiences on X (formerly known as Twitter) and the supportive ecosystems of accounts that amplify those campaigns. By 2023, this ecosystem included at least 200,000 X accounts that have shared content with millions of Canadians. We identified ninety accounts with an outsized influence. The vast majority of the influential Canadian accounts were far right or far left in orientation. These networks were among Canada's most prolific and influential political communities online. We determined this by comparing these networks’ potential influence to the online community engaging with Canada's 338 members of Parliament on X and a sample of twenty influential X accounts in Canada. The sophistication and proliferation of Canada-tailored narratives suggest a highly organized and well-funded effort to target Canadian support for Ukraine.
Fabrication of biopolyethylene-based biocomposites with coffee ground waste: Effect of polyethylene-graft-maleic anhydride
Authors: de Araújo João Pedro Barbosa Gonzaga , Ferreira Eduardo da Silva Barbosa , Luna Carlos Bruno Barreto , dos Santos Filho Edson Antonio , do Nascimento Emanuel Pereira , de Melo João Baptista da Costa Agra , Wellen Renate Maria Ramos , Araújo Edcleide Maria
Published: June 2024

The production of plastic products from non-renewable raw materials, such as petroleum, damages the environment. Consequently, biocomposites have aroused interest from industry and researchers due to their ecologically correct characteristics, mainly because they come from renewable sources. Therefore, this study aimed to produce biopolyethylene/coffee ground waste (BioPE/CGW) biocomposites and analyze the impact of CGW and polyethylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA) on BioPE. The biocomposites were prepared in a co-rotational twin-screw extruder equipped with a side feeder to feed the CGW. The materials were subsequently injection molded to produce the impact, tensile, and HDT samples. The temperature profiles used during extrusion and injection were between 170 and 180°C. The BioPE and biocomposites were investigated for the vibrational (Infrared Spectroscopy - FTIR), thermal (differential scanning calorimetry), mechanical (tensile, impact, and hardness), thermomechanical (heat deflection temperature (HDT) and Vicat softening temperature (VST)), and morphological (scanning electron microscopy (SEM)) properties. The compatibilizer improved the interface between phases, promoting mechanical and thermomechanical improvements in the biocomposites. PE-g-MA promoted increments in tensile strength and elastic modulus of up to 38% and 25% in the BioPE/CGW30 and an increase of 44% in the elastic modulus compared to BioPE. The thermomechanical investigations showed that HDT increased by 8.8 and 3.3°C and VST increased by 2.5 and 6.6°C compared to BioPE and the BioPE/CGW30, respectively. Biocomposites from renewable and biodegradable sources align with a sustainable development concept.
Optimizing water Absorption’s influence on composite mechanics through response surface methodology
Authors: Saada Khalissa , Amroune Salah , Zaoui Moussa , Jawaid Mohammad , Benarioua Mokhtar , Farsi Chouki
Published: June 2024

This study systematically examines how different fiber contents—Diss, Sisal, and luffa—affect the mechanical properties of bio-composites at rates of 10%, 15%, and 25%, with a particular focus on water absorption behavior. It investigates the relationship between water absorption and bending behavior, utilizing response surface methodology (RSM) optimization and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to thoroughly analyze input parameters, including a 44-day absorption duration, fiber type, and fiber content. The findings reveal that sisal-reinforced composites demonstrate the highest flexural strength, with an average stress of 31.15 ± 1.82 MPa for a 10% sisal fiber rate. However, an increase in fiber content leads to a decrease in mechanical properties and an increase in water absorption, with water absorption ratios of 2%, 3% and 5% for sisal biocomposites at fiber rates of 10%, 15% and 25%, respectively. The study’s reliability is confirmed by a significant R-squared coefficient of 0.94, indicating strong consistency between predicted and observed results. This comprehensive investigation offers valuable insights into how varying fiber content impacts both mechanical performance and water absorption in fiber-reinforced composites.
Frequency of Methamphetamine Use in Patients Admitted to an Addiction Center and Clinical Factors Associated With Methamphetamine Use
Authors: Erdoğan Ali , Karabulut Sercan
Published: June 2024

We aimed to determine the frequency of methamphetamine (METH) use and the clinical factors associated with METH use. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 788 patients who applied to an addiction treatment center in Turkey. Patients diagnosed with primary psychotic disorder and/or bipolar disorder were excluded from the study. It was found that 48.9% of patients ( n = 385) used METH, and 24.4% of them ( n = 94) used it every day. Visual hallucinations were present in 34.3% of METH users, auditory hallucinations in 38.2%, paranoid delusions in 55.6%, and agitation in 39.7%. Additionally, 40.8% of patients had spontaneous skin wounds unrelated to scratching after METH use. Oral mucosa and dental lesions (METH mouth) were detected in 37.1% of patients. The incidence of these conditions increased with the frequency of METH use ( p < .001 for all). Regression analysis revealed that the use of pregabalin and poly-substance use independently predicted METH use.
Self-Determination and the Limits on the Right to Include
Authors: Erez Lior , Banai Ayelet
Published: June 2024

States’ right to exclude prospective members is the subject of a fierce debate in political theory, but the right to include has received relatively little scholarly attention. To address this lacuna, we examine the puzzle of permissible inclusion: when may states confer citizenship on individuals they have no prior obligation to include? We first clarify why permissible inclusion is a puzzle, then proceed to a normative evaluation of this practice and its limits. We investigate self-determination – a dominant principle in theories of the right to exclude – as a normative ground for limits on the right to include. We argue that states’ duties to respect one another’s self-determination yield limits on permissible inclusion. When inclusive policies for citizenship undermine the permissible scope of self-determination of other states, they are impermissible; they should either be prohibited, or require compensation.
‘A Necessity or Luxury?’ Publishing Practitioner Research in Language Education and Higher Education
Authors: Yuan Rui
Published: June 2024

Since the 1990s, practitioner research (PR) has gained traction in language education with the goal of promoting language teachers’ reflective and exploratory practice, as well as enhancing students’ language learning. However, conducting and publishing PR is not an easy task, particularly in current higher education settings. This viewpoint paper provides a critical analysis of the challenges involved in writing and publishing PR and gives practical recommendations on how to cope with such challenges and create a symbiotic relationship between practice, research and publishing. The paper also calls for the long-term and concerted efforts of different stakeholders to foster a flexible and inclusive publishing culture, which recognizes and celebrates the nature (e.g., practice-based and context-specific), strength (e.g., a nexus between theory and practice) and rigour (e.g., ecological validity and critical self-reflexivity) of PR.
Bourdieu on love: A latent capital, a primary field and a new research agenda
Authors: Atkinson Will
Published: June 2024

This article offers an elaboration and reconstruction of Pierre Bourdieu’s brief account of interpersonal love in Masculine Domination. Although Bourdieu presented love as a possibility of escape from relations of domination, he also understood that love was a product of labour, inserted within an economy of exchanges, and liable to become infused with domination. I build on these remarks to make the case that it is possible to conceive of love becoming a form of ‘capital’ operative within fields of intimate relations. Two substantial consequences flow from this move. First, it gives specificity to a species of field that has a threefold primacy over all others. Second, it throws into sharp relief the fact that what a person does in one field is contextualised by their location in many fields. Both moves widen the scope of Bourdieusian research considerably by pushing it into new intellectual territory and deepening its explanatory capacity.
Shed for All: Liturgy as Work of the Negative?
Authors: Wolff Edda
Published: June 2024

Drawing from theoretical and practical notions of negativity, the concept of a “work of the negative” bridges between various approaches to the “negative” within philosophy and theology—from apophatic theology to queer studies. This article analyzes how the concept of negative work, i.e., continued wrestling with the limits of language and understanding, builds a fruitful lens for studying liturgical texts. It presents the concept of “work of the negative,” its origins and connections to adjacent fields; applies insights and questions raised by this dynamic to liturgical examples from the recently published community-centered liturgical resource “A Liturgy for All Bodies”; and finally explores the potential of such an approach for the ecclesiological implications of liturgy ( lex orandi, lex credendi).
Fighting for Justice Amid Anti-Black Violence
Authors: Wilson Asif , Robinson Irene
Published: June 2024

This study draws on conceptualizations of BlackCrit and motherwork, and critical counterstorytelling methodological approaches, to present and analyze Ms. Irene Robinson's drawings and poetry that illustrate her experiences as a Black mother organizing for educational justice in Chicago Public Schools. The artistic narratives and supplemental analyses shared illuminate the authors’ liberatory dreams for education while also illuminating the structural violence Black students and families face in and out of urban schools. The authors conclude the article by offering implications for educators in K-12 urban schools that support more symbiotic and justice-centered educational praxes amongst teachers and Black mothers.
Foreword to: Indiana University’s Response to the Addictions Crisis: A Grand Challenge Initiative
Authors: Newhouse Robin
Published: June 2024

Use of heroin, prescription painkillers, methamphetamines, and fentanyl led to a national health crisis in 2017, resulting in 1852 overdose deaths in Indiana. Governor Eric J. Holcomb made tackling substance use in the state one of his highest priorities, calling on all Hoosiers to collaborate. In October 2017, Indiana University (IU) President Michael A. McRobbie responded, announcing that the University would be initiating the Responding to the Addictions Crisis Grand Challenge (AGC). Partners included Governor Holcomb, IU Health, and Eskenazi Health. Leveraging the university’s research strengths and partnering with more than 160 community organizations across the state, the AGC sought to address substance use facing Indiana and beyond. Fifty interdisciplinary research projects were created through the AGC, focusing on IU’s greatest strength in five areas: (1) education, training, and certification; (2) data science and analysis; (3) policy analysis, economics, and law; (4) basic, applied, and translational research; (5) community engagement and workforce development. Diversity, equity, and inclusion implications were often considered. This supplement describes the IU approach to address the health of the people of the State, investigator initiated projects and research conducted to inform practice, strategy and policy.
Authentic and Creative Assessment in a World with AI
Authors: Miserandino Marianne
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Artificial intelligence (AI) presents challenges and opportunities for higher education. The challenge is to incorporate the benefits of AI while minimizing its potential for misuse and undermining of learning. The opportunity is that AI allows instructors to assess learning authentically by fostering creative, engaging, realistic, and reflective assessments.

Statement of the Problem

Drawing on some of the current practices of AI use in the classroom, I discuss how authentic assessment can be achieved while incorporating AI.

Literature Review

First, I review what authentic assessment is, how it is implemented, and some of its positive outcomes. Then, I present sample activities that use AI to design, implement, and evaluate assessments to serve the APA Learning Goals for the Undergraduate Psychology Major.

Teaching Implications

The activities and assessments here and in the online Supplemental Materials (Miserandino, 2024, May 23) help fulfill additional learning goals and build academic skills (e.g., critical thinking, reading, writing).

Conclusion

By using these activities and assessments or drawing on them to create their own, instructors can improve their teaching and student learning outcomes.
Canalicular Adenoma in the Parotid Gland: A Rare Case Study
Authors: Azar Adel , Alkheder Ahmad , Salam Rahaf , Elnasser Muhammad Saleh , Alahmad Vivian , Hajjar Faysal
Published: June 2024

Canalicular adenoma (CA) is a rare benign tumor of the salivary glands, predominantly affecting elderly females, with a strong predilection for the upper lip. While CA commonly arises in the minor salivary glands, its occurrence in the parotid gland is exceptionally rare. In this report, we present a unique case of CA in the parotid gland, adding to the scant literature with only 8 documented instances. The patient, a 57-year-old Asian male, presented with a painless swelling in the left parotid gland that had been persisting for 8 years. Clinical examination and imaging studies identified a lobulated mass, prompting surgical intervention. The patient underwent a superficial parotidectomy, and pathological examination of the excised tissue confirmed the diagnosis of CA, with no signs of malignancy. This case illustrates the diagnostic and management challenges associated with CA, particularly given its rare presentation in the parotid gland. Accurate diagnosis is reliant on surgical biopsy, and careful surgical planning is imperative, especially considering the proximity of the facial nerve. Our case underscores the need for heightened awareness of CA’s unique presentations, particularly within the Asian population. Given the potential for recurrence, long-term follow-up is essential. Further research is needed to elucidate the biological behavior of CA and to refine management strategies for optimal patient outcomes.
Trust in Transit: External Migration Control and Migrants’ Perceptions of Humanitarian Borderwork in the Sahel
Authors: Weisner Zina , Vidal Pauline , Kraler Albert , Czaika Mathias
Published: June 2024

The Sahel region has become a focal point for externalisation policies seeking to prevent the onward travel of migrants bound for North Africa and Europe. In this context, humanitarian actors are increasingly called upon to implement migration control policies or to address migrants’ vulnerabilities during journeys characterised by ‘extended temporariness’. This paper builds upon the concepts of the humanitarian border and institutional trust to develop a typology of organisations and to explore how migrants in transit perceive these forms of humanitarian borderwork. By employing the concept of trust as an analytical prism to examine social navigation, risk-assessments and the felt externalisation of migration control, we argue that transit migrants’ mistrust in humanitarian organisations is a ripple effect of the externalisation process. This leads to cumulative ripples, such as protection gaps for individuals travelling from West to North Africa. The article compares two key locations for West African transit migration in Niger and Mali, exhibiting similar characteristics but differing in the extent and visibility of external migration-related programming. Through qualitative content analysis of interviews conducted with 90 transit migrants between 2020 and 2021, we identify the perceived involvement of organisations in migration control and the phase in the migration trajectory as key factors influencing (mis)trust in organisations. We further trace the effects of (mis)trust on migrant strategies, including exit, risk-acceptance, and self-protection. The results highlight the far-reaching impacts of different externalisation environments on migrant safety and strategies, as well as on the ability of humanitarian organisations to provide protection in vulnerable migration situations.
Seroprevalence of HIV, HCV, and HBV: The Associated Psychiatric Co-morbidities Among Injection Drug Users in Kashmir— A Hospital-Based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Wani Kubra Farooq , Rather Yasir Hassan , Kousar Muntaqueem Ul , Bhat Fazle Roub , Rasool Ubaid
Published: June 2024

Background:

Injection drug use remains a significant public health concern globally, with injection drug users (IDUs) facing elevated risks of contracting blood-borne infections such as hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis B (HBV), and acquired immune deficiency syndrome caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study delves into the seroprevalence of these disorders among IDUs in Kashmir and extends further to explore the relationship between injection drug use and psychiatric co-morbidities.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among IDUs recruited from tertiary care drug addiction centers. Those who agreed to participate underwent serological testing for HCV, HBV, and HIV. The presence of psychiatric disorders was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, a standardized instrument for diagnosing mental health conditions.

Results:

The results showed that the prevalence rate of HCV, HBV, and HIV was 73%, 12%, and 1%, respectively. Genotype 3a was the predominant genotype in 71 (51.5%) participants with detectable HCV-RNA. A total of 151 (50.3%) participants had a comorbid psychiatric illness with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and major depressive disorder in 63 (21%) and 36 (12%), respectively. Sharing of paraphernalia was the most common high-risk behavior in 234 (78%). Early initiation of opioid use, a history of sharing of paraphernalia, and the presence of comorbid psychiatric illness were found to be significantly associated with positive serology results, indicating a higher risk of contracting infection (χ2 = 24.55, p < .01; χ2 = 121.56, p < .01; and χ2 = 4.534, p <.01, respectively).

Conclusion:

IDUs have an elevated prevalence of HCV, substantial rates of infection with HBV and HIV, and a considerable burden of psychiatric morbidities. Considering the high seroprevalence of hepatitis infections and alarming rates of psychiatric morbidity in IDUs, this calls for a comprehensive and integrated approach to address the interconnected challenges faced by IDUs in Kashmir.
Young blood: Needed or discarded? Untangling party strategies for the selection of young candidates
Authors: De Smedt Nina , Vandeleene Audrey
Published: June 2024

Young people are three times more present in the population than in elected assemblies. Their critical underrepresentation has so far received much less scholarly attention than other well-studied social groups, despite, for instance, women being underrepresented in parliaments to a smaller extent. This research investigates the reasons why parties, usually pointed as those who can sway group representation in politics, do (not) select young people for parliamentary elections. In-depth interviews have been conducted with 32 key informants from 6 Belgian parties (CD&V, Ecolo, Groen, MR, PS, and Vlaams Belang) responsible for candidate selection in the Belgian PR electoral system. Our interviewees’ insights allow us to assess young candidates’ assets and flaws in terms of their electoral popularity, political skills, and ticket-balancing value. This study also sheds light on parties’ strategic candidate selection decisions regarding long-term people’s management and openness to youth wings’ lobbying efforts.
Effect of a blend-grind-peen repair technique on subsequent fatigue behaviour of a low-pressure shot peened steam turbine blade material
Authors: He Binyan , You Chao , Soady Kath , Mellor Brian , Cunningham Benjamin , Reed Philippa
Published: June 2024

In this study, a blend-grind-peen repair technique was applied to a 12-Cr tempered martensitic steam turbine blade material containing a pre-existing fatigue crack. Manually grinding out the crack increased the elastic stress concentration factor Kt from 1.6 to 1.8. The repaired sample which was not re-peened showed a ∼50% improvement in cycles to failure compared with baseline samples. Sub-surface coalescence effects in shot peened surfaces are not always evident from surface crack measurements, which has implications for considering how much material to remove in such a repair. Despite the presence of a pre-existing crack, re-peening slowed the growth of the crack and extended the lifetime beyond that expected in the original shot peened surface.
Fracture behaviour assessment of the additively manufactured and HPT-processed Al–Si–Cu alloy
Authors: Al-Zubaydi Ahmed SJ , Gao Nong , Džugan Jan , Podaný Pavel , Chen Ying , Reed Philippa AS
Published: June 2024

Ultrafine-grained Al–9%Si–3%Cu alloy was achieved by a combination of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing and high-pressure torsion (HPT) processing in this investigation. The alloy was initially deposited layer-by-layer using a bi-directional scan strategy in LPBF with a scan rate of 1000 mms−1, a layer thickness of 40 µm and a hatch spacing of 200 µm, leading to a melt pool morphology with an average width of 150 µm and differing lengths. This led to a grain size of 722 nm and a dislocation density of 1.1 × 1014 m−2. This as-deposited alloy was then processed using HPT at room temperature using an applied pressure of 6.0 GPa and at a speed of one revolution per minute for different numbers of turns: half, one, five and ten turns. The alloy after HPT processing showed ultrafine grains with a grain size of 66 nm, well-dispersed nanosized intermetallic particles with sizes of 50–90 nm, the disappearance of the pool morphology and a notable dislocation density of about 6.2 × 1014 m−2 for the ten turns HPT-processed alloy. The as-deposited and subsequently HPT-processed samples were tensile tested at 298 and 573 K at different strain rates between 10−4 and 10−1 s−1. The elongation-to-failure and tensile strength were recorded and the fracture surfaces were also inspected using scanning electron microscopy and then correlated with the manufacturing, processing and tensile testing conditions. The alloy performance in tensile testing has been evaluated at ambient and elevated temperatures in terms of structural evolution and fractography for the first time. Ultrafine α-aluminium grains and nanosized eutectic silicon particles obtained by room temperature HPT-processing of the alloy have significantly improved the mechanical properties and microstructural stability at ambient and elevated testing temperatures for the HPT-processed additively manufactured alloy compared to the as-deposited additively manufactured and counterpart conventional alloys. The HPT-processed tensile samples showed a significant tensile strength of 700 MPa at 298 K and elongation-to-failure of 220% at 573 K, which is higher than that seen in the as-deposited tensile samples where 400 MPa and 106% are observed under the same testing conditions. Fractographic observations demonstrated that mixed brittle and shear ductile fractures dominated in the as-deposited tensile samples at 298 K, and tension ductile fracture dominated at 573 K. However, the HPT-processed tensile samples exhibited tension ductile and shear ductile fractures at 298 K, and tension ductile fracture at 573 K. The ultrafine-grained microstructure produced by the HPT application in the LBPF-manufactured alloy controls effectively the fracture mechanisms, dimple morphology and thus strength and elongation in comparison with the as-deposited additively manufactured microstructure.
Psychological Coaching for Performing Artists: Perceptions of and Reflections on Finding Ways to Manage Performance Anxiety
Authors: Lubert Veronika J. , Nordin-Bates Sanna M. , Ginsborg Jane
Published: June 2024

Performance anxiety is a major issue for performing artists. This qualitative paper extends our recent mixed-methods collective case study showing the beneficial effects of psychological interventions for managing performance anxiety, tailored in individual coaching settings. Here, we report on participants’ experiences of being coached, their understanding of how and why the interventions were effective, and the researcher-coach's experiences. Ten performing artists received five individual coaching sessions and were interviewed about their experiences pre- and post-intervention. A qualitative synthesis of transcripts of sessions and interviews, and of the coach's field notes and journal entries, was conducted. Findings suggest that change mechanisms have to be understood in the context of participants’ enhanced self-awareness during coaching, and the process of co-creating solutions and building a coaching relationship through mutual understanding and appreciation. While disentangling mechanisms and effects may not always be possible, we discuss useful strategies in coaching performing artists to manage performance anxiety.
Governing as valuing: Assetization and the making of the Norwegian oil fund
Authors: Asdal Kristin , Lahn Bård
Published: June 2024

Recent scholarship has highlighted ‘assetization’ as an increasingly prevalent process in which valuation practices from financial economics are imposed on new aspects of society. This paper analyses the establishment of the Norwegian ‘oil fund’ – currently the world’s largest sovereign wealth fund – as the outcome of such a process. It traces the shift in the Norwegian government’s valuation arrangements from valuing oil as ‘activity’ in the 1970s towards valuing oil as a ‘national asset’ from the mid-1980s, and shows how this shift happened through close exchanges between economic expertise and governmental procedures. The paper contributes to understanding assetization as a mode of governing by showing both how it happens through governmental tools and practices and how it can have direct material consequences. In the case of Norwegian oil, the introduction of new tools of valuation made the Norwegian government manage the oil resource in a new way, and led to a re-timing of the pace of its extraction. The outcome was speeding up the conversion of oil into financial holdings, and the establishment of the ‘oil fund’ as a new infrastructure for handling oil as a national asset.
Propensity matched post-transplant survival in durable CF-axial pump BTT patients with and without diabetes: A UNOS database analysis
Authors: Nair Nandini , Hu Zhiyong , Mahesh Balakrishnan , Du Dongping
Published: June 2024

Diabetes and post-transplant survival have been linked. However, the impact on post-transplant survival of patients supported on Continuous Flow (CF) axial left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) as a bridge to transplant (BTT) with diabetes has not been widely studied. This study attempts to assess the impact of diabetes type II (DM type II) as a comorbidity influencing survival patterns in the post-cardiac transplant population supported on LVADs and to test if the presence of a pre– transplant durable LVAD acts as an independent risk factor in long-term post-transplant survival. The UNOS database population from 2004 to 2015 was used to construct the cohorts. A total of 21,032 were transplanted during this period. The transplant data were further queried to extract CF-axial flow pumps BTT (HMII-BTT) patients and patients who did not have VAD support before the transplant. A total of 4224 transplant recipients had HMII at the time of transplant, and 13,131 did not have VAD support. Propensity analysis was performed, and 4107 recipients of similar patient characteristics to those in the BTT group were selected for comparison. The patients with a VAD had significantly reduced survival at 2 years post-transplant ( p = 0.00514) but this trend did not persist at 5 years ( p = 0.0617) and 10 years post-transplant ( p = 0.183). Patients with diabetes and a VAD significantly decreased survival at 2 years ( p = 0.00204), 5 years ( p = 0.00029), and 10 years ( p = 0.00193). The presence of a durable LVAD is not an independent risk factor for long-term survival. Diabetes has a longstanding effect on the posttransplant survival of BTT patients.
Anger and Self-Control: How the Need to Dominate Can Lead to Better Choices
Authors: Koley Shruti , Warren Caleb
Published: June 2024

Prior research has shown that anger can predispose consumers to exert poor self-control by making them want to feel better (i.e., increasing a hedonic need for mood repair), less likely to consider risks of gratifying, and more likely to seek rewards (i.e., increasing approach motivation). However, anger also activates a need to be dominant. Consequently, across five experiments, the authors show that policy makers can motivate angry consumers to exert more self-control by emphasizing the dominance benefits of the more virtuous option in a self-control dilemma. For instance, angry consumers are more likely to exercise or eat healthily when these behaviors are associated with becoming physically stronger rather than preventing illness. The authors test these effects across various domains of self-control, such as eating healthily, exercising, saving money, and studying, and with both binary choices between virtuous and gratifying options and choices on a spectrum in which consumers choose virtuous and gratifying options in varying proportions. However, the authors find these effects occur only when angry consumers expect dominance benefits to accrue in the near but not distant future.
Bioplastics: No solution to healthcare’s plastic pollution problem
Authors: Yu Jasmine T. , Diamond Miriam L. , Maguire Brittany , Miller Fiona A.
Published: June 2024

As Canadian policy-makers recognize the urgency for concerted actions to reduce plastics (e.g., Canada’s involvement in the international plastics treaty negotiations, zero plastic waste strategy, and single-use plastics regulations), the healthcare sector must also consider a more sustainable plastics system. In this context, the potential for novel bioplastics to mitigate healthcare’s substantial plastic waste problem must be carefully interrogated. Our analysis examines the complexities of bioplastics, highlighting the technical challenges of identifying legitimate sustainable alternatives, and the practical barriers for implementing bioplastics as substitutes for consumable plastics in healthcare. We focus on the Canadian healthcare sector and regulatory landscape with the insights gained being applicable to other sectors and countries. Given the limitations identified, the focus on reducing consumption should remain the priority.
Introduction of a Pre-admission Pharmacist Service Utilising the Surgical Ward Pharmacist
Authors: Dao Thao , Lam Patrick
Published: June 2024

Background: The challenge with obtaining a best possible medication history (BPMH) post-surgery is the delay in clarifying medications due to decreased post-operative cognitive status and pain, which can lead to missed or late administration of medications. Studies have suggested that unintentional medication discrepancies at the time of admission are common in general medical patients. Objectives: To investigate if a pre-admission pharmacist completing BPMHs for adult elective surgery patients with planned overnight admission increases the proportion of patients with (i) a BPMH completed, (ii) medication reconciliation completed and (iii) all home medications charted correctly within 24 hours of admission. Methods: Patients in the pre-intervention group had a BPMH completed on admission as standard of care. Patients in the post-intervention group were contacted by the pre-admission pharmacist 1 to 3 business days prior to admission to complete a BPMH. The pre-admission pharmacist role was performed by a surgical ward pharmacist in addition to their daily workload. Descriptive statistics, Chi-squared test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyse the data. Results: The post-intervention group had more patients with a completed BPMH (47.2% vs 25.3%, P = .005), medication reconciliation (43.8% vs 15.5%, P = .0001) and all home medications charted correctly (36% vs 16.9%, P = .007) within 24 hours of admission compared with the pre-intervention group. Conclusion: The introduction of a pre-admission service utilising the surgical ward pharmacist increased the proportion of patients with a completed BPMH, medication reconciliation and home medications charted correctly within 24 hours of admission.
Working Through It: Lifetime Experiences of Employment Discrimination Among Older Black Americans and Implications for Labor Force Participation, Job Dissatisfaction, and Mental Health in Older Adulthood
Authors: Abrams Leah R. , Zhang Yuan S. , Munsey Ayisha D. , Farah Muna A. , Brown Lauren L.
Published: June 2024

Objectives

To examine lifetime experiences of employment discrimination and their association with Black older adults’ employment status and well-being.

Methods

We use data from the Health and Retirement Study’s leave-behind questionnaire to characterize lifetime experiences of being unfairly fired, not hired, or not promoted among Black older adults ( N = 2331) and test associations with labor force status at age 62, job satisfaction among those working, and depressive symptoms.

Results

Employment discrimination was commonly reported by Black older adults, especially among men and those with college educations. Employment discrimination was not associated with employment status at age 62 but was associated with job dissatisfaction (OR = 2.25, p = 0.016) and depressive symptoms (Beta = 0.13, p = 0.021).

Discussion

Findings suggest a negative association between employment discrimination at any point in the life course and Black older adults’ well-being. Employment discrimination is an obstacle to healthy aging, yet improved discrimination survey items are needed to fully capture its impact on Black Americans.
Energy recovery of four-wheel hub motor driven vehicle in steering-braking condition
Authors: Li Guozhen , Bai Qixing , Shi Wankai
Published: June 2024

The factors that affect the efficiency of braking energy recovery is a crucial and worthy research problem for the four-wheel hub motor driven (FWHMD) electric vehicle (EV). This paper presents an energy classification statistical method by integrating the direct current (DC) of the power battery and considering the efficiency of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). According to the characteristics of DC, the energy recovered and consumed by the motor during regenerative braking is divided into total recovered energy, net recovered energy and dissipated energy. Then, the influence of steering resistance on braking energy recovery of the steering braking is analyzed by using the proposed energy statistical method and combining Carsim and Matlab/Simulink co-simulation. Firstly, a closed-loop coupling model combined with the PMSM and vehicle dynamics is established. Secondly, the braking energy recovery only the PMSM engaged is simulated for different brake strengths under steering-braking conditions, also the stability of the vehicle is analyzed and the recovery energy is counted. Lastly, the energy recovered is compared with the recovery energy by longitudinal braking under the same braking strength. The results show that the energy recovery of the steering regenerative braking conditions with braking strengths of 0.1 and 0.2 is 4.10% and 1.90% less than that of the longitudinal braking conditions with the same braking strengths, respectively, and the steering resistance is constant. The reduction of the recovery energy is only related to the braking time. Meanwhile, the research in this paper provides a reference significance for the research of braking energy recovery strategies for FWHMD vehicles.
Diversity and ecological significance of modern fungal non-pollen palynomorphs in a European lowland forest ecosystem
Authors: Zimny Marcelina , Czortek Patryk , Jaroszewicz Bogdan
Published: June 2024

Fungal non-pollen palynomorphs (fNPPs) are microscopic structures occurring in various sediments. In paleoecological studies, they can serve as reliable indicators of vegetation types, grazing activities, and human impact, enriching the interpretation of fossil data. This study explores the composition and taxonomic richness of fNPPs in 85 moss samples from a European lowland forest. We found rich fungal diversity, with 95 morphological types, predominantly saprotrophs, favoring specific substrates, like wood, decaying bark, herbaceous plant remains, litter, and freshwater habitats. Key taxa, such as type HdV-96A, and cf. Hypoxylon (EMA-24), were prevalent across different forest types, especially in deciduous forests. We identified two primary gradients of fNPP composition. The first axis delineated samples by taxonomic richness, Shannon index, and canopy openness, showing similarities among deciduous forests. The second axis ordered samples by the proportion of fNPPs, volume of stumps, coarse woody debris, and herbs pollen richness, highlighting their connections. Forest management intensity had minimal influence on fNPP composition, indicating consistent composition along both ordination axes. Forest type and herbs pollen richness, significantly affected the taxonomic richness and Shannon diversity of fNPPs. Deciduous forests exhibited higher fNPP richness, compared to coniferous forests, linked to increased herbs pollen richness. However, fNPPs decreased with increasing volume of stumps, coarse woody debris, and canopy openness, demonstrating the complexities of forest management’s influence on fungal diversity. This study pioneers fNPP investigation in an old-growth temperate forest ecosystem, emphasizing the interplay of forest characteristics, herbs diversity, and dead wood components in shaping their composition and richness. It also reveals differences in fNPP assemblages between deciduous and coniferous forests, underscoring the importance of forest type in shaping fungal diversity. These findings highlight the need for detailed studies on microhabitats, dead wood decomposition rates, and specific forest impacts to comprehensively understand forest ecosystem dynamics.
The dark side of publishing: Unveiling the deceptive tactics of cloned journals in India
Authors: Parray Umer Yousuf , Loan Fayaz Ahmad , Khan Aasif Mohammad
Published: June 2024

The study examines two lists of cloned journals (Group I and Group II) compiled by the University Grants Commission-Consortium for Academic and Research Ethics (UGC-CARE) in India. India has emerged as a hotspot for predatory publishing, justifying the reliance on the UGC-CARE list. The study explores the role of language as a tool for cloning legitimate journals and reveals that cloned journals adopt the English language to deceive and attract submissions. Additionally, it investigates the techniques used by cloned journals to modify their appearance and nomenclature. The results indicate that 40.47% of cloned journals maintain the original title, 42.86% make minor changes by adding terms like ‘international’ and ‘journal’, and 16.67% undergo major alterations. The study also examines the permanence and stability of the domains associated with cloned journals, finding that 52.50% of URLs were active and a significant number were inactive. Among these, the highest domain names include .com (commercial), followed by.org (organisation), as cloned journals prefer these to appear more credible and trustworthy. Furthermore, the study analyses the subject coverage of cloned journals to understand whether their focus is on specific disciplines. The findings reveal that they adopt a multidisciplinary approach to their deceptive practices. By providing valuable insights and raising awareness of how cloned journals deceive authors, this study serves as a significant step against these fraudulent practices. The main limitation of this study is that it relies on a single data source, the UGC CARE List India.
Book review: Keyhani, M., Kollmann, T., Ashjari, A., Sorgner, A., & Hull, C. (Eds.), Handbook of Digital Entrepreneurship
Authors: Sharma Suneel
Published: June 2024

Keyhani, M., Kollmann, T., Ashjari, A., Sorgner, A., & Hull, C. (Eds.). Handbook of Digital Entrepreneurship (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2022), 340 pp.
Regular Physician Access and Obesity Status Among Underserved Asian and Pacific Islander American Immigrants in Los Angeles
Authors: Yang Hong-Ho , Dhanjani Suraj A. , Chwa Won Jong , Wells Christine R. , Huynh Jeffrey Do , Vo Linh N. , Chou Heather N. , Cowgill Burton
Published: June 2024

According to prior research, Asian and Pacific Islander American (APIA) immigrants often refrain from seeking health care unless necessitated by medical conditions. Utilizing data from health screenings conducted in APIA immigrant enclaves in Los Angeles, we hypothesize that poorer obesity status would predict higher rates of regular physician access. Analyses involved objectively measured percent body fat (%BF) and survey responses collected between 2011 and 2019. We assessed the association between obesity status and regular physician access, adjusting for insurance status, demographic, and socioeconomic factors. The study population (n = 4102) primarily consisted low-income, low English proficiency APIAs. Participants with a regular physician were significantly more likely to be obese compared to participants without (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.28). This association may suggest that care was sought reactively rather than proactively within this community. Interventions with emphasis on cultural competency and language services may encourage preventative care utilization among this understudied community.
Association Between Asian Dust Exposure and Pneumonia Hospitalization in Western Japan: A Case-Crossover Study
Authors: Okura Takayuki , Tanaka-Mizuno Sachiko , Ishii Masanobu , Takeuchi Masato , Kawakami Koji
Published: June 2024

Epidemiological studies have reported that Asian dust (AD), a type of desert dust, has harmful effects on human health. This study aimed to examine the association between AD exposure and hospitalization due to pneumonia. Data on patients in Western Japan admitted for pneumonia were included from a real-world database derived from electronic medical records. We used the meteorological observatory data of the most populous city in each prefecture, in which AD event was defined as a loss of visibility from a distance ≤10 km. A case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression model were used. Overall, 12 938 patients were included, and AD exposure events were observed for 557 days. Exposure to an AD event five days prior to hospitalization was significantly associated with hospitalization for pneumonia after adjusting for weather variables (odds ratio = 1.17). These findings suggest that AD exposure is associated with an increased rate of admission for pneumonia in Western Japan.