bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMANFAATAN MINYAK WORTEL YANG RAMAH LINGKUNGAN SEBAGAI PENGGANTI XYLOL DALAM PROSES DEPARAFINISASI
Authors: Sari Indah
Published: December 2024

Pendahuluan: Hematoksilin Eosin merupakan pewarna yang umum digunakan dalam pemeriksaan laboratorium histologi. Salah satu tahapan pewarnaan hematoksilin eosin adalah proses deparafinisasi. Deparafinisasi merupakan proses untuk menghilangkan atau melarutkan paraffin dari jaringan dan melakukan proses clearing sebelum diamati dibawah mikroskop agar penyerapan warna maksimal pada saat pewarnaan jaringan dan terlihat bening. Proses deparafinisai biasanya dilakukan dengan menggunakan xylol untuk melarutkan paraffin yang berupa lemak. Xylol biasa digunakan sebagai bahan untuk proses clearing dan deparafinisasi. Penggunaan xylol secara terus menerus dapat menyebabkan dampak toksisitas bagi tubuh dan kesehatan. Pekerja laboratorium medis khususnya petugas histologi yang bertugas dalam mewarnai jaringan memiliki resiko yang berbahaya baik bahaya kimiawi, biologis, mekanis maupun lingkungan sehingga diperlukan alternatif pengganti xylol yang lebih aman dan murah. Alternatif penggunaan xylol dilakukan untuk meminimalisir bahaya terhadap kesehatan dan lingkungan antara lain dengan mencari pengganti xylol. Beberapa bahan alam seperti minyak wortel, minyak pinus, minyak mawar dan minyak zaitun dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti xylol. Wortel relatif tidak mengandung unsur sulfur sehingga tidak menyebabkan polusi udara, dan juga dapat meningkatkan efisiensi pemanfaatan sumber daya pertanian. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk memanfaatkan minyak wortel yang ramah lingkungan sebagai pengganti xylol dalam proses deparafinisasi. Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah true experimen design. Sampel berupa jaringan payudara (mammae) manusia untuk melihat hasil pemeriksaan menggunakan alternatif reagen minyak wortel dan xylol sebagai kontrol. Data hasil pemeriksaan akan diolah secara analisis deskriptif berdasarkan hasil skor penilaian preparat sediaan jaringan. Hasil: Pewarnaan hematoksilin eosin menggunakan xylol mendapatkan hasil sangat baik sebesari 100% sedangkan menggunakan minyak wortel mendapatkan hasil sangat baik sebesar 87,5% dalam proses deparafinisasi. Diskusi: Minyak wortel dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti xylol dalam proses deparafinisasi.
Evaluasi Akurasi Purwarupa Kalibrator Fetal Doppler untuk Kesejahteraan Ibu dan Anak: Studi Observasional di Puskesmas Kartasura
Authors: Shania Devi Marissa Usie
Published: December 2024

Pendahuluan: Fetal Doppler digunakan untuk memantau denyut jantung janin (DJJ) dan mencegah keterlambatan diagnosis kondisi kritis seperti penyakit jantung bawaan (PJB). Ketidakakuratan alat yang tidak terkalibrasi bisa berdampak serius. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi akurasi purwarupa kalibrator fetal doppler dalam mengukur DJJ pada beberapa jenis perangkat fetal doppler: terkalibrasi, baru, dan belum terkalibrasi. Metode: Studi observasional dengan pendekatan analitik ini dilakukan di Puskesmas Kartasura pada Maret–Juni 2024. Enam perangkat fetal doppler diuji, termasuk satu alat terkalibrasi, dua alat baru, dan tiga alat tanpa kalibrasi. Hasil pengukuran dinyatakan dalam beats per minute (BPM) dan dianalisis menggunakan uji T- independen untuk menguji perbedaan antar perangkat. Hasil: Tidak ditemukan perbedaan signifikan antara purwarupa kalibrator dan berbagai perangkat yang diuji (p > 0,05). Meski begitu, alat yang belum terkalibrasi menunjukkan tingkat variabilitas hasil lebih tinggi dibandingkan perangkat baru dan terkalibrasi. Diskusi: Variabilitas yang lebih tinggi pada perangkat tanpa kalibrasi mengindikasikan pentingnya kalibrasi berkala untuk memastikan konsistensi pengukuran DJJ. Hasil ini konsisten dengan studi sebelumnya yang menekankan bahwa alat medis yang tidak dikalibrasi memiliki potensi penurunan akurasi. Kalibrator yang diuji mampu memberikan hasil akurat, mendukung penggunaannya dalam memantau kesehatan janin secara efektif. Kesimpulan: Purwarupa kalibrator fetal doppler mampu memberikan hasil akurat pada berbagai jenis perangkat. Pentingnya kalibrasi rutin ditekankan untuk menjaga kualitas pemantauan dan mendukung deteksi dini PJB, yang krusial dalam meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan ibu dan anak.
Preventive Strategies and Screening Protocols for Early Detection of Breast Cancer
Authors: Balobaid Asmahan Nasir , Alali Mohammed Abdulrahman , Alkhaldi Shahad Saad , Albar Amal Mohammad , Albatti Tasnim Ali , Shaban Ayat Essam
Published: December 2024

Breast cancer is a critical global health issue, with around 2.3 million new cases annually. Risk factors include genetic predispositions, hormonal influences, and lifestyle choices. Preventive measures have evolved, particularly for women with BRCA1/2 mutations, though their uptake varies. Recent guidelines aim to expand testing criteria, enabling earlier identification of high-risk individuals. While treatments have advanced, especially for early-stage cancers through multimodal approaches, metastatic breast cancer remains challenging to cure. The World Health Organization emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and screening, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where late-stage diagnoses are more common. Ongoing research focuses on preventive strategies such as diet, exercise, and chemoprevention. Innovative diagnostic tools and targeted therapies, including nanoparticle-based methods, show promise for earlier detection and personalized treatment. Enhancing both preventive measures and management strategies is crucial for improving outcomes and reducing the global burden of breast cancer. Addressing these factors comprehensively is essential for effective breast cancer control worldwide.
Neuroimaging Techniques in the Early Detection of Brain Tumors
Authors: Ali Bayan Mamdouh , Alfallj Talal Hamid , Alqathaniyyin Muhannad Mastour , Ashoor Mohammed Muwaffaq , Alqurashi Razan Mohammad , Alrashidi Abdullah Qublan , Futayni Tahreer Yahya , Alhussain Rana Mohammed , Alzhrani Abdulah Shathan , Alobidi Raged Abdullah
Published: December 2024

This review examines the neuroimaging techniques essential for the early detection and management of brain tumors. The complexity and variability of brain tumors, whether benign or malignant, pose substantial diagnostic and treatment challenges. Accurate diagnosis heavily depends on imaging technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which offers detailed anatomical and functional information, and positron emission tomography (PET), which reveals metabolic processes. Additionally, emerging methods like functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), as well as advanced techniques such as diffuse optical imaging (DOI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) are increasingly utilized to enhance detection capabilities. Despite the advancements, challenges remain in integrating these technologies for comprehensive tumor analysis. Future research directions should focus on refining multimodal imaging approaches, enhancing automated analysis with machine learning, and minimizing radiation exposure. Improved diagnostic precision and efficiency are essential for effective tumor management and treatment planning. This review highlights the need for ongoing advancements in imaging techniques and technology integration to improve early brain tumor detection and patient outcomes.
Oral Cancer Screening in Geriatrics: Importance, Tools, and Outcomes
Authors: Althumairy Ahmed Fahad , Alyami Jaber Mahdi , Alyami Abdullah Mahdi , Abduljabbar Rakan Mohammed Al , Alfawaz Norah Mufiz , Khbrani Abdulrahman Hussain
Published: December 2024

Screening for oral cancer is crucial in the elderly population because the disease's risk rises with age. The importance of early detection and treatment of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) cannot be overstated, as they significantly impact morbidity, and healthcare costs. Various screening tools and techniques, including visual and physical examinations, biopsies, vital staining, brush biopsies, saliva analysis, and advanced imaging methods, play essential roles in early diagnosis. Each method has unique advantages and limitations, contributing to comprehensive patient assessment. The combination of these tools allows for more accurate and early detection, improving treatment outcomes and preserving function and quality of life. By integrating regular oral cancer screenings into routine healthcare for the elderly, healthcare providers can enhance proactive health management and reduce the public health burden of oral cancer. This review emphasizes the need for educating general practitioners on the risk factors, clinical presentations, and diagnostic techniques for effective oral cancer screening in geriatrics.
موقف المحدثين من الإمام الشافعي
Authors: SAITBEKOV ABDULLA
Published: December 2024

Imam Al-Shafi'i has faced significant criticism from ancient times to the present, particularly concerning various aspects of his scholarly contributions. Among the most prominent critiques are objections regarding his knowledge of Hadith, his status within the discipline, and the stance of Hadith scholars toward him. These critiques originated during his lifetime and have continued to resurface across the centuries. Notable responses to these criticisms were offered by esteemed scholars such as Al-Bayhaqi and Al-Khatib Al-Baghdadi, who authored works addressing these objections and providing valuable insights still relevant today. Critics often highlight specific issues related to Hadith studies, including Yahya ibn Ma'in's critique of Al-Shafi'i and the absence of his narrations in the collections of Al-Bukhari and Muslim. This article aims to respond to these criticisms, contextualize the actions of Hadith scholars, and provide an appropriate historical and scholarly perspective.
الإلهيات عند الأشعري ( ت:324هـ) من خلال كُتُبه إثبات اليدين والعينين نموذجا دراسة وصفية نقدية
Authors: ALKHATTAF HASAN
Published: December 2024

Al-Ash'ari is widely regarded as the preeminent leader of Ahl al-Sunnah, yet there remains debate over the authenticity and content of the books attributed to him. This study refrains from engaging in that debate and instead focuses on analyzing these attributed works and the perspectives of some of his followers. A key question arises: do these texts truly reflect Al-Ash'ari's stance and that of Ahl al-Sunnah? Do they align with the coherence of Quranic verses and prophetic traditions, or do they represent a particular phase of his intellectual journey, potentially containing distortions or alterations? Addressing this question highlights the significance of this research. Using descriptive and critical methodologies, the study is divided into two sections. One major finding reveals a notable literalism in these works, which diverges from the coherence of Quranic verses and the subtleties of the Arabic language. This literalism is evident throughout his writings, including Maqalat al-Islamiyyin, and contrasts with the interpretive approaches of his followers, particularly in affirming attributes such as God’s "eyes." While this literalism is not explicitly sensory, it has led to a rejection of contextually grounded interpretations of Quranic verses and their reasons for revelation.
THE HOLY QUR'ĀN AS THE BOOK "UMM-UL-KĪTĀB"
Authors: Halepota Abd-ul-Wāḥid
Published: December 2024

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QUDĀMAH B. JA'FAR, THE SCRIBE OF BAGHDĀD
Authors: Rizvi Vaqar Ahmed
Published: December 2024

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QUR'ANIC ANTHROPOMORPHISMS
Authors: Baljon J.M.S.
Published: December 2024

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THE PROBLEM OF ISLAMIC GNOSTICISM. A REVIEW ARTICLE
Authors: Ali Charles Amjad
Published: December 2024

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BERNARD LEWIS' THE MUSLIM DISCOVERY OF EUROPE IN THE EYES OF REVIEWERS
Authors: Faruque Muhammad Al
Published: December 2024

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RELIGION AND CULTURE IN THE MODERN ARAB WORLD:
Authors: Abu-Rabi Ibrahim M.
Published: December 2024

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ISLAMIC LAW IN SRI LANKA:
Authors: Mahroof M.M.M.
Published: December 2024

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ROUTINIZATION OF REVOLUTIONARY CHARISMA:
Authors: Zaman Muhammad Qasim
Published: December 2024

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An Annotated Bibliography of the Works of Mullā Ṣadrā with a Brief Account of His Life
Authors: Kalin Ibrahim
Published: December 2024

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Muslim Feminism
Authors: Jawad Haifaa
Published: December 2024

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The Origin of Islam as a Social Movement
Authors: Afzaal Ahmed
Published: December 2024

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The Classical Exegetes’ Analysis of the Qur’anic Narrative 18: 60–82
Authors: Albayrak Ismail
Published: December 2024

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Ibn Sīnā's Philosophical Theology of Love
Authors: Anwar Etin
Published: December 2024

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The Rise of Christian Fundamentalism in the United States and the Challenge to Understand the New America
Authors: Zakaullah Muhammad Arif
Published: December 2024

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Reason and Revelation
Authors: Bedir Murteza
Published: December 2024

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Dār al-'Ulūm Deoband and its Self-Representation on the Media
Authors: Reetz Dietrich
Published: December 2024

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Islam in Medieval and Early Modern English Literature
Authors: Masood Hafiz Abid
Published: December 2024

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Plot Motifs in Joseph/Yūsuf Story
Authors: Afsar Ayaz
Published: December 2024

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Religio-Intellectual Relations between Bulgarian and non-Bulgarian Muslims in the First Half of the 20th Century
Authors: Hatiboglu İbrahim
Published: December 2024

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Forensic Evidence
Authors: Haneef Sayed Sikander Shah
Published: December 2024

Forensic evidence has emerged as an important tool in the administration of justice in Western countries, both in civil and criminal cases. In Islamic countries too recourse to forensic evidence is under active consideration of jurists. This paper presents a general overview of the state of forensic evidence in Western jurisprudence as it also tries to identify some of the theoretical bases, qarīnah and ra'y al-khabīr, for its admission in Islamic jurisprudence. The matter needs to be given serious consideration for it is likely to contribute to a better and more effective dispensation of justice.
The Removal of Blame from the Great Imāms
Authors: Al-Matroudi Abdul-Hakim
Published: December 2024

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Islam in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Mansurnoor IIK Arifin
Published: December 2024

Bruneians have shown great earnestness in their adherence to Islam. Religious life in Brunei, however, is characterised by a marked degree of peace and harmony which is indicated by the absence of schismatic tensions. Moreover, the Bruneians' allegiance to Islam did not problematise their encounter with the religious others.
This paper attempts to study the phenomenon and seeks to explain it. While its fuller explanation requires a multi-dimensional analysis, the paper focuses on a careful examination of the religio-ideological factor and arrives at the conclusion that the characteristic Islamic orientation in Brunei—its inclusive approach, its accent on moderation, its ability to incorporate change without creating social convulsion, etc.—is largely because of the Bruneians' adherence to a well-established traditional Islamic school in which they are firmly rooted.
Articles of Faith and Organized Religion in Islam
Authors: Kazmi Yedullah
Published: December 2024

In order to act resolutely and effectively in history Muslims need to develop critical historical consciousness that would furnish them with the intellectual tools to understand history in light of their faith and help them act out their faith in light of history. This is one message of the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace be upon him) that is often over looked. In order to understand why critical historical consciousness has failed to develop among Muslims we need to cast on the history of Muslims and particularly of Muslim education a critical eye. This may shed some light on why Muslims who once shaped history are now cowed and rendered helpless by historical necessities.
Defending the Sufis in Nineteenth Century Hyderabad
Authors: Green Nile
Published: December 2024

As India gradually fell into British hands, Hyderabad State became the last great bastion of traditional Indo-Muslim social and intellectual life. The old families of court and religious notables sought to maintain a metaphysical and moral order which vanished elsewhere in the dust clouds of the Rebellion. But the reformist versions of Islam that emerged in British India did find their way to Hyderabad, splintering its Muslims into polemical and defensive factions. In order to examine the strategies by which members of the old elite sought to defend the old order, this article reconstructs the biography of a major Hyderabadi Sufi, Iftikhār 'Alī Shāh Waṭan (1249/1833—1324/1906). In a period generally framed as one of religious change and reform, the article explores the patterns of continuity and 'counter reform' which are no less important to understanding Indian Muslim history in the late nineteenth century.
Muslim Education
Authors: Pickthall Marmaduke
Published: December 2024

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The Significance of Istifta’ in the Fatwa Discourse
Authors: Masud Muhammad Khalid
Published: December 2024

I propose to analyze six important manuals of fatwa with a view to know how they define fatwa and how they see its significance in the process of fatwa-writing. According to them, a fatwa must confine itself to the contents of istifta’. These manuals also provide instructions about istifta’ and mustafti, that is, the person who poses the question. An analysis of these instructions, structures and discussions about the mustafti reveals a very significant aspect of the process. An istifta’ contains phrases about the obligation and the role of the mufta,the nature of the query and the value of the expected reply. I suggest that fatwa should be reckoned as a discourse on religious authority within the context of madhhab, taqlid and ijtihad. This essay will refer to the above manuals for the light they shed on the instructions about istifta’, as well as about its form,structure and significance. In order to explore istifta’ as a discourse on religious authority,the essay includes actual examples from the fatwa literature.
Oaths in the Qur’an
Authors: Ibrahim M. Zakyi
Published: December 2024

Oaths (aqsam, sing. qasam) are one of the most widespread and effective ways of drawing attention or eliciting trust in interpersonal and intercultural communications. As a theological and literary device, the Qur’an has used oaths frequently with a view to appeal to its target audience. However, the most popular Muslim explanations for the Qur’an’s use of oaths, apparently, are theological, namely, that they either pointto the existence and majesty of the Creator (bari’/sani‘), the object’s utility and benefit (manfa‘ah), or its virtue and glorification (fadilah/ta'zim). Although Muslims have treated the literary aspects of the Qur’an exhaustively, the literary implications of oaths seem not to have been explored rigorously.
Not a comparative study, this essay will explore the “other” least known theories and explanations of Bint al-Shati’ (d. 1420/1999) on oaths, while also pointing out the Qur’an’s effective use of such oaths. Unlike most Muslim scholars, Bint al-Shati’ believes that most of the Qur’an’s oaths are meant for “artistic illustration” (al-bayan al-fanni). She devotes many pages to elaborating upon this in her al-Tafsir al-Bayani as well as in her al-I‘jaz al-Bayani. Using Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti (d. 911/1505) to epitomize the traditional approach, I hope to provide explanation to a part of what appears in his al-Itqan. As fascinating literary explanations, this study will elaborate them and highlight their communicative significance.
The Scope of Self-defence
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Mushtaq
Published: December 2024

Muslim scholars working on the doctrine of jihad in the post-colonial period have generally found it difficult to reconcile the concept of nation-state with the notion of the ummah (global community of Muslims). This dilemma has caused analytical inconsistency in the work of some of these scholars because even when they talk of the so-called “defensive” jihad, they include in it many instances of wars which are certainly beyond the scope of a nation-state’s right to self-defence. Providing military aid to Muslims facing persecution in foreign territories is one such example as the contemporary international legal order does not consider it an instance of self-defence. However, some parallels to this idea can be found in the notions of “protection of nationals and interests abroad,” “collective self-defence” and “humanitarian intervention.” The present paper analyzes in some detail the scope of self-defence in Islamic law by considering the work of three eminent Muslim scholars of the twentieth century, namely, Sayyid Abu ’l-A‘la Mawdudi, Muhammad Hamidullah and Wahbah al-Zuhayli. It concludes that the scope of self-defence in Islamic law is wider than that of self-defence in international law because in Islamic law this concept is not confined to the defence of the state’s territory alone; rather, it also includes defence of the global Muslim community as well as of the value-system of Islam.
Juridical Sufism
Authors: Shams-ur-Rehman Ghulam
Published: December 2024

Ahmad Zarruq (d. 899/1493) was one of the most important Shadhili Sufi scholars of North Africa. He successfully integrated the Sufi path with Islamic sacred law, managing to instil a measure of legal rectitude into popular devotional piety. The presentation of his concept of juridical Sufism using the Qawa‘id genre is Zarruq’s most important contribution to Sufi thought. In this paper I aim to examine the structure of his work Qawa‘id al-Tasawwuf and to analyse how he elaborates his Sufi thoughts through the medium of al-Qawa‘id al-fiqhiyyah. Following an investigation of the characteristics of legal adages, I shall demonstrate how Zarruq devised Sufi maxims upon their model, applying these pithy sayings to the specific context of Sufism. I shall further attempt to define the nature of Zarruq’s treatise, and to place it within the larger context of Sufi literature.
Customary Law, Islamic Law, and Colonial Authority
Authors: Roff William R.
Published: December 2024

The essay describes and analyzes the ways in which in the early decades of the twentieth century three distinct colonial regimes, Dutch, French and British, in three widely separated territories with majority Muslim populations — the Netherlands East Indies, Algeria and India — alike utilised existing juridical and social tensions between customary law (variously, ‘adah, ‘urf) and Islamic law (Shari‘ah) to consolidate their rule. Though still too little examined comparatively, the legal processes and structures thus established have had profound effects on law and its practice in the successor nation states, Indonesia, Algeria and Pakistan.
Religious Diversity
Authors: Zia-ul-Haq Muhammad
Published: December 2024

The present study aims to overview the teachings of Islam about the concept of religious diversity and pluralism. The study proceeds from a brief description of the notion of religious pluralism and its importance in contemporary world. Then the place of other faiths in Islam, the Islamic concept of Prophet-hood and its link with the chain of Prophets are discussed. The theological basis of the relationship of Islam with other religions, particularly with Christianity and Judaism, are analyzed in the third part of the study. Following this, the discussions by Muslim scholars on the validity of previous revelations for the Muslims are explored. The next part discusses the status of non-Muslim individuals in Islamic states. This discussion aims to clarify some misconceptions regarding the status of the non-Muslim citizens in Muslim countries and elaborates how this status was extended to other people apart from the Christians and the Jews. A discussion on the Islamic point of view regarding the freedom of faith and its significance in interfaith relations constitutes the last part of the study. Suggestions regarding the importance of religious diversity in the Islamic faith and its utilization in the post-9/11 world setting are presented in the conclusion.
Dominique Avon and Anaïs-Trissa Khatchadourian. Hezbollah: A History of the “Party of God.”
Authors: Alagha Joseph
Published: December 2024

Hezbollah: A History of the “Party of God” aspired to become a leading reference work on the party. On close scrutiny, it turned out to be a mundane book based on a selective reading of secondary sources. Although the authors boast a privileged access to Hezbollah, hardly any empirical fieldwork has been done; not a single interview with Hezbollah’s rank and file is reported. The book is marred by factual errors as well as mistakes in principle and wrong analyses, which eventually lead to wrong conclusions. The book also claims to be up-to-date, even dealing with the Syrian crisis that erupted in 2012. It is true that the book was published in 2012; however, the most up-to-date piece of data is dated May 2009. The overall argument of the book is speculative in nature, lacking any substantial humanities’ or social science theory; rather, name-dropping seems to be the norm. Even in documentation and historiography the book is marred by numerous mistakes, as such an inadequate reference. The clandestine handbooks—the so-called “Training Manuals for Hezbollah Militants” the authors are proud to provide—turn out to be open access ideological pamphlets published by sympathetic audiences to the party’s cause, as such poorly referenced open source secondary sources in Arabic. Because of the deceiving nature of the book, its over ambitious unrealised project, and its gross inadequacies, it should be avoided at all costs since it gives an erroneous reading of the party that might result in wrong policy implications.
Re-establishing Order in Brunei
Authors: Mansurnoor IIK Arifin
Published: December 2024

By the end of the nineteenth century, Brunei had lost much of its former power and territories. Not surprisingly, Western adventurers, visitors and, officials who reported on Brunei had little to say about its economic, social, judicial and political grandeur. Indeed, the declining state has been described as a ‘dying kingdom.’ Under such conditions, is it surprising that British officials eventually argued for the promotion of government ‘conducted on enlightened lines’ to relieve the population from ‘the distress which . . . the cruelty and heartlessness’ of their owners had been imposed upon them?
Malik-Militancy Conundrum
Authors: Aman Shahida
Published: December 2024

By exploring the case study of militancy in Bara, Khyber Agency in Pakistan’s Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), this paper investigates the emergence of militant leadership and attempts to locate it in the leadership categories of Pakhtuns, identified by the literature. It further traces the impact of the rise of alternate leadership in Bara, Khyber Agency as affecting the leadership roles and responsibilities of traditional Pakhtun leadership categories of maliks (village headmen) and mashars (lungi or stipend holders, sufaid raish/spin giri or white bearded, elders). The main findings of this paper suggest that the rise of alternate militant leadership has created a clear diminution in the leadership roles and responsibilities of maliks and mashars in Bara, Khyber Agency, which in turn has affected other traditional structures of governance, such as jirgah (council of elders) and the traditions of Pakhtunwali (Pakhtun code of life), which govern the Pakhtun way of life in the tribal areas. It emphasises that leadership transformations in Pakhtun society need to be analysed not only within the paradigm of ongoing militancy, but also emanating from state’s slow inroads into FATA through reforms and the emergence of new business elite as a result of trade and transnational movement of goods in grey and black markets. This paper further argues that the categorisation of the current militant leadership as religious poses complexities. It is because the current leadership of Lashkar-i Islam, the militant tanzeem (group) of Bara, is not madrasah (religious seminary) educated and therefore cannot be categorised A'alim (religious scholar) or pir (holy man) in the religious or traditional sense of the term, but it seeks legitimacy on religious grounds and on the power of shari'ah implementation. There is also a strong tribal element of support here as Lashkar-i Islam mostly recruits from Sepah khel (sub-tribe, clan) of the Afridi tribe in Khyber Agency’s Bara tehsil (administrative sub-division). Lacking a formal training in Islamic madrasah education and engaged in an armed violent struggle, such leadership, therefore, may also be termed a petty warlike chief of their tanzeem or militant outfit. Here one sees intermingling of religion, culture and tribal support to create a legitimacy basis for the militant leadership.
The Islamic Roots of Liberation, Justice, and Peace
Authors: AL QURTUBY SUMANTO
Published: December 2024

Using the concept of Tawhid—a cardinal Islamic belief, as a point of departure and as a theoretical framework, this paper examines the Islamic roots and theological foundations for the ideas and practices of liberation, peacebuilding, justice, and nonviolence within Islam. It argues that the notions of pacification, equality, freedom, and fairness hold a central place in Islam because such ideas are deeply rooted in the concept of tawhid. Unlike most studies that tend to put emphasis merely on analyses of tawhid through theological and eschatological explanations (theocentric framework), this paper examines it from the lens of anthropocentrism by understanding and interpreting it as a “principle of unity” for liberation, justice, and peace, while still acknowledging its theocentric dimension. In short, this article lays emphasis on analysis of tawhid as an “anthropocentric theism.” In the concept of tawhid, this paper underlines the significance of the unity of God, the unity of the many streams of revelation, the unity of humanity, and ultimately the unity of existence (Wahdat al-Wujud), principles on which freedom, conciliation, egalitarianism, and nonviolence are grounded.
Ismail al-Faruqi’s Contribution to the Academic Study of Religion
Authors: Yusuf Imtiyaz
Published: December 2024

Today, there is a general absence of Muslim academics in the area of academic study of religion. This paper surveys the contributions of Professor Ismail al-Faruqi as a rare Muslim academic who pioneered modern age Muslim engagement in this field. His contributions to phenomenology and history of religion remain largely unrecognised. The globalising age requires the Muslim academics engage in the academic study of religion in both confessional and academic ways at the same time. There is a need to revisit the contributions of Ismail al-Faruqi to find leads and develop new Muslim approaches to the academic study of religion and its areas of phenomenology and history of religion, comparative theology and interreligious dialogue employing philosophically critical and scientific tools without ideologising Islam.
What and How Can We Learn from the Quran? A Critical Rationalist Perspective
Authors: Paya Ali
Published: December 2024

The aim of this paper is to introduce a critical rationalist approach to studying the Quran. Following a short introduction, I shall introduce the main tenets of critical rationalism with a short account of religion according to this approach. The paper shall then briefly discuss a cluster of related notions, namely, ‘algorithmic compressibility,’ ‘complex systems,’ and ‘logical depth.’ Taking stock from this discussion, the writer argues that the Quran is a complex system with a significant logical depth and that its message can be best understood with a critical rationalist approach. Further, This approach will be analysed vis-a-vis the method of istintaq (interrogation) introduced by ‘Ali b. Abu Talib in Nahj al-Balagah. Finally, some possible criticism to the critical rationalist approach to studying the Quran will be considered.
Quest towards the Core of Selfhood
Authors: Amjad Naumana , Misbah Farah
Published: December 2024

This paper traces the progression of a quest for understanding the core of human self. There are three separate but mutually influential descriptions of this quest. First, in section one we describe an academic exploration, a theoretical research on concept of human self across various religious philosophical and spiritual traditions of the world; The Second section provides an overview of empirical research, and final section see elaborate in more detail Islamic Spiritual Tradition of ‘Sufism’ in its doctrine and practice, and a qualitative investigation of spiritual strengths. The theoretical research concludes that parallel concepts about the origin of self are found across the various wisdom traditions. These traditions agree that human self is composed of physical, mental and spiritual levels. Empirical investigations include the development of a scale of spiritual attitude and an experiment that has demonstrated that religious meditation can increase spiritual attitude and happiness and reduce anxiety. Further studies have examined religious gratitude, jealousy, and the connection between spirituality and higher human consciousness.
Mosque Decoration between Acceptance and Rejection
Authors: Omer Spahic
Published: December 2024

This paper discusses the subject of mosque decoration and some of the measures which determine its acceptability or otherwise. Indeed, the matter is a sensitive and double-edged one. Thus, the paper presents an objective, balanced and scientific account of the theme, steering clear of the sentimental aspects of the evidences often put forth by both the proponents and opponents of mosque decoration. The paper is divided into the following sections: 1) The legitimacy of decoration, 2) The function of mosques vis-a-vis their decoration, 3) Broad guidelines that regulate mosque decoration, 4) Decorating the mihrab and the qiblah wall in mosques.
Iqbal’s Conception of Religion
Authors: Azmat Tanveer
Published: December 2024

Iqbal’s Conception of Religion
Muhammad Yusuf Faruqi. Early Islamic Lego-Political Institutions: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Amin Shams Ul Haq
Published: December 2024

Muhammad Yusuf Faruqi. Early Islamic Lego-Political Institutions: AnExploratory Study
The Qur’ānic Sūrah as an Autonomous Unit of Analysis
Authors: Hamid Eltigani Abdelgadir
Published: December 2024

This paper aims to discern the central integrating theme(s) of Sūrat al-Baqarah. Within any Qur’ānic sūrah, there are, assumingly, some organizing themes around which single verses revolve. Disconnected from these organizing themes, the meanings of single verses can be obscured. To test this hypothesis, the paper uses Sūrat al-Baqarah, which is the longest sūrah in the Qur’ān, as a case study. After revisiting some existing interpretive entries employed by scholars of Qur’ānic studies; namely, the sūrah’s name, its opening verses, and its closing ones, we have deduced two more entries, and have, consequently, developed a new interpretive model. Applying this model to Sūrat al-Baqarah has proved to be a useful method for detecting its major themes, as well as its overall structure. We have concluded that there is a strong connection between the name of Sūrat al-Baqarah, its opening verses, and its concluding remarks and that these three are greatly augmented by the other two entries we have added. We have also found that all these entries converge on two central ideas: concealing and/or revealing the truth. A careful analysis of these two concepts helps discern the primer objective of the sūrah and its internal structure and, hence, enables us to have a better understanding of why some ideas and episodes are included in this sūrah while others are not.
Representation of Science Process Skills in the Iranian and South African Primary School Science Textbooks
Authors: Zarei Ebrahim , Alinia Bengar Ehsan
Published: December 2024

Withdrawal Notice

Title of Article: Representation of Science Process Skills in the Iranian and South African Primary School Science Textbooks
Author(s): Ebrahim Zarei, Ehsan Alinia Bengar
Journal: Boğaziçi University Journal of Education
Volume: 41-3
Issue: 3
DOI: doi.org/10.52597/buje.1223644

Date of Withdrawal: December 31, 2024

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors and with the agreement of the journal’s editor. The authors and the journal apologize for any inconvenience caused by this withdrawal. The DOI associated with this article will remain active, but the article will no longer be available for citation or access.

For further information, please contact with the Journal Editor Serkan Özel at ozels@bogazici.edu.tr
ANALISIS HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI AYAM RAS PETELUR CLOSE HOUSE LAYER 1 STUDI KASUS PT. CAHAYA TIGA PUTRI
Authors: Haryono Iranita , Ardi  , Fadli  , Sumantri Iswan
Published: December 2024

Salah satu bagian terpenting dalam menjalankan peternakan ayam petelur adalah menghitung biaya produksi. Segala biaya yang diperlukan selama proses produksi untuk menghasilkan telur yang siap untuk dijual termasuk dalam harga pokok produksi. Biaya pakan, pemeliharaan kandang, tenaga kerja, kesehatan hewan, dan penyusutan alat produksi merupakan faktor utama yang mempengaruhi biaya produksi pada peternakan ayam petelur. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui biaya produksi yang berhubungan dengan usaha peternakan ayam petelur PT Cahaya Tiga Putri. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dan kuantitatif, dan dilakukan di PT Cahaya Tiga Putri. Gaji karyawan, biaya produksi telur, dan biaya pendukung seperti air dan energi merupakan beberapa contoh pengeluaran yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini. Dengan menggunakan metode Whole Costing, teknik analisis data digunakan untuk menentukan harga pokok produksi. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian, biaya produksi per butir telur PT Cahaya Tiga Putri mencapai Rp952. Oleh karena itu, jika perusahaan ini tidak mematuhi harga pasar per butir telur yakni Rp1.834 maka bisa meraup untung besar. Petani dapat menggunakan temuan analisis ini sebagai panduan untuk menilai biaya produksi dan membuat keputusan yang lebih tepat mengenai kapan harus menjual untuk memaksimalkan pendapatan.
Biện pháp quản lý hoạt động giáo dục kỹ năng sống cho trẻ tại các trường mầm non quận Bình Thủy, thành phố Cần Thơ
Authors: Bùi Thị Trúc Linh
Published: December 2024

Giáo dục kỹ năng sống đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc hình thành và phát triển phẩm chất, năng lực của trẻ, đặc biệt ở lứa tuổi mầm non. Đây là giai đoạn quan trọng để hình thành nền tảng nhân cách, nhận thức và kỹ năng sống cho trẻ. Để có cơ sở cho các cơ sở giáo dục mầm non nói chung và các trường mầm non trên địa bàn quận Bình Thủy, thành phố Cần Thơ nói riêng đề xuất các biện pháp quản lý hoạt động giáo dục kỹ năng sống cho trẻ tại các trường mầm non có tính khả thi, chúng tôi đã tiến hành đánh giá thực trạng quản lý hoạt động giáo dục kỹ năng sống cho trẻ tại các trường mầm non quận Bình Thủy, thành phố Cần Thơ thông qua việc khảo sát ý kiến cán bộ quản lý, giáo viên và phụ huynh ở các trường mầm non trên địa bàn bằng phiếu hỏi theo thang đo Liket 4 mức độ. Kết quả khảo sát cho thấy, công tác quản lý hoạt động giáo dục kỹ năng sống cho trẻ tại các trường mầm non trên địa bàn trong thời gian qua đã được quan tâm và có những tiến bộ nhất định; tuy nhiên, vẫn còn có những điểm tồn tại và hạn chế cần phải giải quyết, khắc phục góp phần nâng cao chất lượng giáo dục mầm non ở địa phương trong thời gian tới. Trên cơ sở đó, bài viết đề xuất 06 biện pháp nhằm góp phần nâng cao hiệu quả quản lý hoạt động giáo dục kỹ năng sống cho trẻ tại các trường mầm non quận Bình Thủy, thành phố Cần Thơ.
Ủ phân bùn thải từ hệ thống xử lý nước thải của nhà máy chế biến thủy sản với các vật liệu phối trộn khác nhau
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Lan Hương , Lý Cẩm Hùng
Published: December 2024

Nghiên cứu này tiến hành ủ phân bùn thải của hệ thống xử lý nước thải nhà máy chế biến thủy sản phối trộn với rơm và vỏ trấu. Bùn thải có độ ẩm cao, tỉ lệ C/N và độ xốp thấp được phối trộn với rơm và vỏ trấu để tạo hỗn hợp có độ ẩm 63-65%, tỉ lệ C/N 29-30, độ xốp phù hợp cho quá trình ủ phân hiếu khí. Ba nghiệm thức ủ phân với các tỉ lệ phối trộn theo khối lượng của các nguyên liệu, BR (Bùn : rơm = 1: 0,3), BV (Bùn : vỏ trấu = 1 : 0,32) và BH (Bùn : rơm : vỏ trấu =  1 : 0,18 : 0,15), được thực hiện ở quy mô thùng ủ (thể tích 0,11 m3), có cấp khí cơ học và đảo xới định kì. Các thông số quá trình như nhiệt độ, độ ẩm, tỉ lệ C/N, pH, hàm lượng chất hữu cơ được theo dõi. Sản phẩm compost được đánh giá bằng phép đo khả năng nảy mầm của hạt. Hai nghiệm thức BR và BV đạt nhiệt độ tối đa dưới 55 oC. Nghiệm thức BH đạt đến pha ưa nhiệt ở ngày thứ 6 của quá trình, nhiệt độ tối đa cao nhất (57 oC) và khoảng thời gian duy trì trên 55oC là 3 ngày. Hàm lượng chất hữu cơ giảm 54,1 %, hệ số hạt nảy mầm GI: 84,7 %; cho thấy đây là nghiệm thức có quá trình phân hủy chất hữu cơ tốt nhất. Nghiên cứu cho thấy, thông qua việc chọn lựa vật liệu và tỉ lệ phối trộn, chất lượng sản phẩm compost có thể được điều khiển.
Cập nhật hiện trạng các đàn dơi ngựa (Giống Pteropus) tại Đồng bằng Sông Cửu Long
Authors: Lâm Quang Ngôn , Lý Văn Lợi
Published: December 2024

Nghiên cứu cập nhật hiện trạng 6 đàn Dơi ngựa (Giống Pteropus) ở khu vực Đồng bằng Sông Cửu Long. Trong đó bao gồm 2 điểm cư trú mới được ghi nhận cho Khoa học tại Chùa Hưng Long (Tp Long Xuyên) và Khu Bảo vệ cảnh quang và sinh cảnh Rừng tràm Trà Sư (huyện Tịnh Biên), tỉnh An Giang. Sử dụng phương pháp đếm trực tiếp được hỗ trợ bằng ống nhòm và máy ảnh để xác định số lượng tổng đàn của mỗi loài. Mô tả hiện trạng sinh cảnh, chiều cao và thành phần loài thực vật được Dơi ngựa sử dụng cư trú. Kết hợp với phỏng vấn người dân, nhân viên quản lí trực tiếp các đàn Dơi để ghi nhận hiện trạng bảo tồn, các mối đe dọa gây suy giảm đa dạng sinh học đối với đàn Dơi. Kết quả ghi nhận 2 loài Dơi ngựa tại 6 đàn dơi gồm Dơi ngựa lớn (Pteropus vampyrus) và Dơi ngựa Ly-lê (Pteropus lylei). Thành phần loài cây được Dơi ngựa sử dụng cư trú được xác định gồm các cây thuộc giống Sao (Hopea), Dầu (Dipterocarpus) Tràm (Melaleuca) Đước (Rhizophora). Chiều cao cây gỗ từ 10m đến 21m tùy từng khu vực cư trú.
Nghiên cứu thành phần hóa học và hoạt tính sinh học của cây đại bi (Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC.)
Authors: Lê Thị Bạch , Lê Thị Thanh Xuân , Nguyễn Thị Thúy Tâm , Tang Huynh Chi , Le Thi Diem Thùy , Tran Chi Linh , Trần Ngọc Phụng , Trần Phạm Xuân Mai , Nguyễn Ngọc Minh Thi , Hồ Tường Anh , Bùi Thanh Long
Published: December 2024

Nghiên cứu này nhằm khảo sát bước đầu về hoạt tính kháng oxi hóa và kháng khuẩn của cao chiết từ thân và lá cây Đại bi (Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC.), nhằm chọn ra cao chiết hiệu quả nhất để phân tích thành phần hóa học. Kết quả cho thấy cao chiết ethyl acetate có khả năng kháng oxi hóa mạnh, với giá trị IC50 lần lượt là 96,45 µg/mL (DPPH) và 58,36 µg/mL (ABTS), cùng với khả năng kháng khuẩn tốt đối với Vibrio sp. và Aeromonas caviae, hai tác nhân gây bệnh chủ yếu cho động vật thủy sản, đặc biệt kháng mạnh đối với chủng Aeromonas caviae với đường kính vòng vô khuẩn đạt 25,76±0,26 mm ở nồng độ 128 µg/mL. Kết quả khảo sát thành phần hóa học của cao chiết ethyl acetate đã xác định ba hợp chất: luteolin, (+)-catechin, và oleanolic acid bằng phương pháp phổ NMR và so sánh với các tài liệu đã công bố. Những kết quả này khẳng định tiềm năng dược liệu của cây Đại bi với hoạt tính sinh học hiệu quả.
Sự hội tụ của dãy lặp lai ghép cho ánh xạ tựa Φ- không giãn tiệm cận và bài toán bất đẳng thức tựa biến phân hỗn hợp tổng quát trong không gian Banach
Authors: Nguyễn Tóp Ti , Nguyễn Trung Hiếu
Published: December 2024

Trong bài báo này, chúng tôi giới thiệu một dãy lặp lai ghép để xấp xỉ điểm chung của tập điểm bất động của ánh xạ tựa $/phi$-không giãn tiệm cận và tập nghiệm bài toán bất đẳng thức tựa biến phân hỗn hợp tổng quát. Sau đó, chúng tôi chứng minh sự hội tụ của dãy lặp này trong không gian Banach. Đồng thời, chúng tôi xây dựng ví dụ minh họa cho sự hội tụ của dãy lặp.
Unveiling the Gender Nuances of Wisdom in Negotiation: An Experimental Analysis through Negotiation Game
Authors: Saikia Prarthana , Sharma Ankita
Published: December 2024

Negotiation is a fundamental part of daily life, serving as a key tool for achieving success across various domains. This study shifts the focus from merely successful negotiation to the concept of "wise negotiation.’ Central to this exploration is the investigation of gender differences in both the practice and conceptualization of wise negotiation. This study's novelty lies in distinguishing wise negotiation from traditional notions of success, revealing nuanced gender-specific approaches within a specialized cohort of recognized negotiators. Using a mixed-method research design, the study gathered implicit and explicit data from 20 women and 31 men, all recognized by peers for their qualities as wise negotiators. Data collection included interviews, negotiation tasks, and questionnaires, analyzed through both qualitative and quantitative methods. Findings revealed distinct gendered perspectives on wise negotiation. Implicit data showed that women often approached wise negotiation as a relational and holistic endeavor, prioritizing the well-being of all parties. Men, however, tended to adopt a more pragmatic view, focusing on efficiency and practical outcomes. Explicit data from questionnaires further highlighted gender disparities. A Mann-Whitney U test identified significant differences in wisdom-related variables, such as openness, emotionality, adaptive performance through training and learning, and emotional management. Notably, no gender differences emerged in a negotiation simulation task. Examining gendered views of negotiation is particularly critical because gender shapes interpersonal dynamics, communication styles, and decision-making processes more profoundly than many other demographic variables. Understanding these differences is essential for developing inclusive strategies that transcend stereotypes, ensuring equitable participation and outcomes. Women emphasized relational dynamics, while men leaned toward practicalities, suggesting a divergence from traditional gender roles. These insights can inform the development of gender-inclusive policies and training programs that cultivate wisdom in negotiation, fostering a balanced and equitable approach across diverse contexts. This focus on gendered nuances enriches our understanding of wise negotiation and its potential applications.
Study of the Fatigue of Chemistry Teachers in the Last Hours of Teaching the School Program in the Classroom
Authors: Drougas Vasileios , Drouga Ifigeneia V.
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the fatigue of the Chemistry Teachers who teach the Science of Chemistry in the first grade of high school in Greece. Twenty secondary school teachers aged 40-50 who teach first grade during the last two hours of the program participated in the study. In this research, significant problems were found in teaching and teacher fatigue and serious conclusions can be recorded about teaching the last two hours in the school. Also searched how the students participated in the previous hours of the weekly program in the last two days of the week. Teachers feel tired in the previous hours and it seems that it is difficult to teach chemistry science. They do not have the ability and time to participate in any laboratory experiments with the students. Founded that students are very tired in the last two hours. It turns out that they would like more hours of Chemistry in the weekly schedule for the first grade and think that it is difficult for the students to pay attention to the Chemistry teaching. Also in the last hours, many students leave the school. The research recognizes that it is much better to have chemistry lessons in the first hours of the school schedule rather than the last hours, also to have more time in the first grade for the chemistry lesson so that the teachers can use laboratory experiments with the students and to have more time for teaching.