bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Structure Design of a Small Electric Vehicle with Dual Functions of Climbing-Stairs and Driving over Roads
Authors: Gan Xin Ji
Published: December 2014

In order to solve the problem of carrying out heavy loads up and down stairs for city residents who live in ordinary building without elevators, this paper designs a special small electric vehicle driven by storage battery, which has dual functions of climbing-stairs and driving over roads with a relatively quick speed based on a key mechanism—triple-wheel mechanism. The main structure and work principle of the small electric vehicle are given and analyzed at first. Then the driving speed over roads and the driving tortures of climbing stairs, which are essential data to design the powers of the driving motors, are calculated and analyzed. Finally the finite element analysis of the most fragile part-trident shaped part is analyzed and interpreted with a simulation model of the software—Solidworks. Due to the adequate and detailed calculations and analysis, the small electric vehicle with the dual functions designed by this paper can offer enough abilities to climb stairs with heavy loads and drive over roads with a considerable speed for residents who living in those buildings without elevators.
Study on Low-Carbon Catalytic Combustion Furnace of Natural Gas and the Application in Pottery Industry
Authors: Wang Xue Yan , Zhu Li Qiang , Zhang Shi Hong
Published: December 2014

By doing inside the catalytic combustion furnace with Pd-based honeycomb monoliths of lean natural gas-air mixtures and measuring temperature field and the composition of flue gas, the exhaust gas of Low-carbon catalytic combustion furnace of natural gas can be analyzed and discussed. In addition, the catalytic combustion furnace in the pottery was also investigated, which can reduce the pollutant emission of the product process, and reduce global warming.
Numerical Investigation on Leading Edge of Film Cooling Blade with Different Turbulence and Blowing Ratios
Authors: Li Shao Hua , Wu Ge , Zhang Ling
Published: December 2014

In order to investigate the influence of cooling efficiency of leading edge of film cooling blade with different turbulence intensity and blowing ratios,which use method of N-S equation,various blowing ratios of 1.0、1.5 and 2.0,various turbulence intensity of 5%、12%、20% and 30%,it simulated temperature field in leading edge of film cooling blade.The results show: cooling efficiency decreased when blowing ratios is increased.When turbulence intensity is 5%、12% and 20%,it obtains maximum cooling efficiency blowing ratios of 1.0.When turbulence intensity is 30%,it obtains maximum cooling efficiency blowing ratios of 1.5. In blowing ratios of 1.0,cooling efficiency decreased when turbulence increased.But in blowing ratios of 1.5 and 2.0,cooling efficiency increased when turbulence increased.
Effects of Surge on Rotor Aerodynamics of Offshore Floating Wind Turbine
Authors: Liu Jin Chao , Sun Ke , Zhang Jian Hua , Zhao Yu Na , Pan Mao Hua
Published: December 2014

This paper, using the blade momentum theory combined with dynamic inflow correction and stall delay correction, analyses how periodic surge affect rotor aerodynamics of the NREL 5MW turbine operating at three different regions of its power curve. Results show that surge has the largest effects on rotor aerodynamics in region under rated wind speed while the smallest in region above that. Besides, oscillation amplitudes of rotor aerodynamic loads are in linear correlation with surge frequency and amplitude in most cases, except that rotor power and torque in region above rated wind speed is in linear correlation with the square of surge frequency. Results of this analysis would provide reference data for designs of floating wind turbine systems.
Fuel Consumption Modeling for Medium Speed Marine Diesel Engine
Authors: Guo Lei , Wang Zai Zhong , Lin Hong Zhao
Published: December 2014

To predict accurately the fuel consumption rate of a diesel engine, based on polynomial fitting curve method, combined with the test data of XCW6200ZC medium speed marine diesel engine used for inland ships, a diesel engine fuel consumption model about characteristic coefficient and speed under the propulsion characteristic was established. The marine diesel engine fuel consumption were calculated and predicted through this model. The results showed that the model can predict the fuel consumption of diesel engine well.
Study on Influence of High-Energy Load Accommodating to Wind Power by Layer on Network Loss
Authors: Li Hui Yong , Liu Wen Ying , Zheng Jing Jing , Liang An Qi , Du Pei Dong , Zhu Dan Dan
Published: December 2014

Large-scale wind power integration will increase the transmission channel flow and the network loss. Use of high-energy load to participate in wind power accommodation, will have a considerable impact on the network loss. This paper proposes several mathematical models in which high-energy load access power grid in different voltage levels and does a detailed analysis of the mechanism of high-energy load’s participation in the wind accommodation by layer. Based on that, combined with the actual structure of Hexi grid, the software PSASP is adopted to do detailed simulation analysis, so as to verify the correctness of the theoretical derivation.
Efficiency and Emissions of Spark Ignition Engine Using Hydrogen and Gasoline Mixtures
Authors: Shi Wei Bo , Yu Xiu Min
Published: December 2014

This paper reviews and summarizes recent developments in hydrogen and gasoline mixtures powered engine research. According to the hydrogen and gasoline injection location, engine can be divided into three categories: hydrogen intake port injection, gasoline direct injection; Hydrogen direct injection, gasoline intake port injection; hydrogen and gasoline intake port injection. Different gasoline and hydrogen injection location determines the engines have different advantages. Follow an overview of spark ignition engine using hydrogen and gasoline mixtures, general trade-off when operating engine on hydrogen and gasoline mixtures are analyzed and highlights regarding accomplishments in efficiency improvement and emissions reduction are presented. These include estimates of efficiency potential of hydrogen and gasoline engines, fuel economy and emissions.
Lift Limit of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine
Authors: Jiang Hai Bo , Zhao Yun Peng , Cheng Zhong Qing
Published: December 2014

The lift coefficient of any wind turbine must have highest limit. In this paper, an analytical expression of lift coefficient associated with tip-speed ratio and lift-drag ratio of airfoil of wind turbine with ideal chord has been deduced by integrating along the blade wingspan using the blade element - momentum theory, which can be used for pre-estimating lift coefficient of actual wind turbine in design. Further, considering ideal fluid environment ( the drag coefficient is close to 0 ), an expression of the highest performance of lift only associated with tip-speed ratio has been deduced too, which is the highest boundary of lift coefficient of any actual wind turbine with same tip-speed ratio. The results show that for the wind turbine in steady state, there is a theoretical limit of the lift coefficient, 0.57795, which is the highest boundary that any actual wind turbine can not be crossed; if the tip-speed ratio is greater than 6 and lift-drag ratio less than 200, the lift coefficient is unlikely to exceed 0.2.
Use of AE Testing Data for Condition Monitoring in Wind Turbine Gearbox
Authors: Qin Hong Wu , Cao Fu Cheng , Fan Qin Yin , Aishan Maimai Jiang
Published: December 2014

Acoustic emission (AE) method of nondestructive check is based on exertion wave radiation and their registration during fast local material structure reorganization. It is used as a means of analysis of materials, constructions, productions control and diagnosis during operating time. In the article, it is applied to structural health monitoring of Wind Turbine Gearbox (WTG). Acoustic emission testing has been used for years to test metallic structures. More recently it has become the primary method of testing WTG; all are present in the failure of WTG. AE has been very successful at detecting all of these failure mechanisms and sometimes identifying them from amplitude analysis of the AE signals. However in large structures, the high acoustic attenuation in WTG precludes amplitude analysis unless the origin of the individual signals can be identified and corrections for the distances traveled applied to the signal amplitudes. The usual method of testing WTG structures has been to apply an array of sensors spaced so that a moderate amplitude AE signal occurring midway between them will just barely trigger each sensor.
Mathematical Model of Refueling Emission for Gasoline Vehicles and Influencing Factors Analysis
Authors: He Jun , He Ren
Published: December 2014

In order to analyze the emission performance during the process of refueling, the mathematical models of refueling emission for vehicle under the proper simplified conditions were established based on the principle of time-varying and mass transfer in this paper. The models were applied to calculate the refueling emission rate of the fuel tank with and without a charcoal canister respectively, and simulation results of the model were analyzed numerically. Conclusions can be obtained as follows: the refueling emission rate of the fuel tank is 1.1201g / L without a charcoal canister; and 1.0815g / L with one, which is 3 - 4% less than the former on average. In addition, the refueling emission rate is positive related to the average temperature of the fuel tank, fuel average temperature and fuel Reid vapor pressure (RVP).
Development of Methods and Instruments of Measuring Liquid-Phase Heat Transfer Fluids’ Viscosity
Authors: Kou Guang Xiao , Shang Pei Na , Yang Jing Hua , Lu Rong Rong , Cai Ling Ling
Published: December 2014

Viscosity, as one of important performance indexes of liquid-phase heat transfer fluids, its measurement methods and instruments have developed greatly in recent years. This paper introduces the traditional methods and theory of measuring liquid-phase heat transfer fluids’ viscosity as well as summarizes the development of measuring liquid-phase heat transfer fluids viscometer at home and abroad.
Parameter Estimation of Weibull Distribution Model Based on Ant Colony Algorithm
Authors: Ji Xiu , Wang Hui , Zhao Chuan Qi , Yan Xu Ting
Published: December 2014

It is difficult to estimate the parameters of Weibull distribution model using maximum likelihood estimation based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) theory for which is easy to fall into premature and needs more variables, ant colony algorithm theory was introduced into maximum likelihood method, and a parameter estimation method based on ant colony algorithm theory was proposed, an example was simulated to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of this method by comparing with ant colony algorithm and PSO.This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text.
Typical Defects Sample Selection Methods Research for Electric Power Information System
Authors: Ji Xin , Shi Xin , Li Qian , Zhang Da Hua , Men De Yue
Published: December 2014

The existing sample selection methods are inadequate in the determination of defect sample set, and lacking necessary metrics or evaluation methods of the defect sample set. This paper determines the typical defect sample set according to the selecting principles and proposes a metrics method of defect sample set to measure whether the defect sample set is representative of the defect library. At present, defect sample selection mainly depends on brainstorming and expert experiences in the electric system. However, for those organizations which have no experiences orfor large databases, there are significant difficulties on sample selection. The proposed defect sample selection framework and measurement criteria can effectively improve the situation and ensure that the selected sample set can well represent the defect library.
Coordinated Reactive Power and Voltage Control Based on Doubly-Fed Wind Farm Cluster
Authors: Lin Li , Li Kai
Published: December 2014

Current control strategy of reactive power and voltage for wind power integration is separate control of single wind farm (WF), which cannot achieve the optimal allocation of reactive power and is not beneficial for the optimization of voltage stability and network loss. In this paper, a coordinated control strategy of reactive power and voltage for wind farm cluster is proposed, which takes the voltage stability at point of common coupling (PCC) and economic operation as the optimization goals. The coordinated control strategy is realized through the platform of Cybercontrol industrial configuration, and the application testing verifies the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Doubly Fed of Induction Generators Wind Turbine Frequency Control Based on Power Curve of Inertia Control and Pitch Angle Control
Authors: Zhang Xiao Ying , Li Si Wen
Published: December 2014

With many grid-connected wind farms of Doubly-fed Induction Generator (DFIG) type taking the palce of conventional synchronous generators, the frequency control ability of the system will decrease. But the existing control strategy based on maximum wind power tracking of DFIG can not response to the deviation of the system frequency. This paper proposes a new hybrid frequency control strategy based on the research of the frequency response to the doubly fed induction wind turbine curves switching inertia control loop and the ability for the pitch angle control participating in the system primary frequency modulation. The strategy reduces the initial rate of change and the steady state error of system frequency with the combined action of the curves switching inertial control and pitch frequency control. Finally, the simulation results of the two areas with four generators validate the effectiveness of the strategy.
Optimization of Large Scale Energy Storage System for Relaxing Wind Power Centralized Transmission Bottlenecks
Authors: Yan Gan Gui , Wang Zong Bao , Li Jun Hui , Li Hong Bo , Yang Yu Long
Published: December 2014

The construction of wind power transmission line lagged behind the development of wind power generation, which leaded to the issue of wind curtailed and power rationing. In the wind power concentrated transmission process, using energy storage system(ESS) can relax transmission bottlenecks, and improve capability of wind power accommodation. An optimal method of using large scale ESS for relaxing wind power centralized transmission bottlenecks was presented in this paper. The comprehensive benefit was calculated by studying the relationship between wind power improved and optimization capacity configuration of ESS. Example shows that the proposed method can achieve more benefit of transmission line and more transmitted wind power than the traditional one without ESS in the same transmission line. ESS optimal power configuration is 46MW, and optimal capacity configuration is 421MWh. The decreased amount of wind curtailed is 983.6GWh with configuration ESS, saving 472100 tons of coal-fired power plans.
Sharing of Unbalanced Loads in an Isolated Distributed Generation System with Droop Controlled Doubly Fed Induction Generator
Authors: Zhou Bo , Nian Heng , Li Gan , Shi Hua Bo
Published: December 2014

If a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) were to penetrate into a distributed generation system successfully, it should be able to adapt to autonomous and unbalanced conditions. To dealing with this situation, an indirect stator flux orientation (ISFO) control strategy with the droop method is introduced to cope with the positive sequence components of DFIG and provide the system with a solid voltage and frequency support. Meanwhile, a negative sequence droop is also proposed for DFIG so as to achieve a reasonable sharing of unbalanced loads and ensure the power supply quality at the point of common coupling (PCC). Finally, simulation results are provided to demonstrate the correctness of the suggested control strategy under autonomous and unbalanced conditions when DFIG is connected in parallel with a converter.
Wind Power Fluctuation Smoothing of Double-Fed Induction Generator by Using Confining Factor
Authors: Chen Bo , Wu Zheng Qiu
Published: December 2014

A control strategy for the wind power smoothing is proposed based on the analysis of the wind power energy capture. In the proposed method, the power reference command of double-fed induction generator is adjusted by using a factor, which can be determined by the system operator according to the system spinning reserve requirements. The power reference command is used to control the wind power generator speed and the pitch angle of the wind turbine. The newly proposed strategy has some advantages compared with the proposed methods in literatures. Simulation test for a wind farm with 6×1.5MW DFIG verifies the proposed wind power fluctuation smoothing strategy.
Risk Assessment of Power System with Wind Farm Considering Weather Impacts
Authors: Lin Dun , Zhang Jian Hua , Li Hai Nan , He Meng
Published: December 2014

A method of risk assessment considering weather impacts was proposed for power system with wind power. Firstly, the mechanism of the weather affecting the risk of power system is analyzed, and then the component reliability model based on weather was illustrated. The transmission line model takes into account of the situation that the line may pass through a variety of climatic zones. Secondly, combine the above-mentioned model with the existing risk assessment methods, a new method was obtained. By using of the modified IEEE-RTS79 system with wind power, the feasibility and reasonableness of the proposed model and approach are verified. The results show that it is necessary to consider weather especially when the system is integrated with large-scale wind power or the system passes through zones with particularly higher probability of bad weather. Compared with the existing risk assessment methods, the proposed method is more in line with the actual system, and the assessment results are more reasonable.
Use of Nuclear Energy and Sustainable Development
Authors: Chen Fang , Yao Qiang
Published: December 2014

Nuclear energy as a clean energy, with the gradual depletion of traditional energy, is particularly important. In this paper, the status of the application of nuclear technology was reviewed. And problems during the use of nuclear energy were addressed, including environmental issue generated by radioactive mineral extraction, radwaste disposal, nuclear power plant safety operation. Although, there are still some problems in the process of nuclear energy use, undeniably nuclear energy is still the hope for the future of human society. Therefore, the technical and management improvement can achieve sustainable development of nuclear energy, in order to ensure the safety of human energy use and sustainability.
Analysis of Operations Optimization of a 600MW Coal-Fired Power Plant
Authors: Lu Cheng Bing , Xiao Jie , Sun Rong Yue , Ding Jian Liang , Zhang En Xian , Gao Sui Qiang , Gao Yong Ling
Published: December 2014

A 600 MW coal-fired power plant was taken as the object. How to optimize the operations conditions to keep good economics was investigated. The results show that the turbine heat rate of this unit after class I, II correction and aging correction was lower than the designed value. The unit was operated under good conditions. Throttling can decrease the performance ability of the steam in the turbine. Decreasing the throttling loss is beneficial to enhance the economics of the coal-fired power plant in practice.
Optimal Capacity Allocation for Supercapacitor Energy Storage System in Power Grid Primary Frequency Regulation
Authors: Huang Ji Yuan , Li Xin Ran , Zhou Ting Ting , Ke Fei , Zhang Qing , Liu Wei Jian
Published: December 2014

“Rapid response” features enable supercapacitor energy storage systems (SCESSs), used as auxiliary equipment for primary frequency regulation (PFR), to meet the stability and reliability requirements of power grids. In this application, capacity allocation for SCESSs is studied through theoretical derivation and simulation experiments. Firstly, the application scenarios of SCESSs in PFR are analyzed on the basis of weak grid frequency characteristics. Secondly, in two typical operating modes, namely virtual inertia control and droop control, an integrated operating mode is presented with consideration of the start-stop timing and the output depth of SCESSs, and the relationship between the operating modes and rated powers is derived. Then, to satisfy simulation needs of PFR, an analysis model for SCESSs is built, and a common process of SCESS capacity allocation is summarized. Finally, the optimal rated power, virtual inertia coefficient and droop coefficient of an SCESS is calculated with reference events and frequency control requirements of a weak grid as the benchmark. The results show that aforementioned theory is correct and reasonable, and that the proposed method can achieve optimal frequency regulation effects with a small capacity.
Study on Dispersion Behavior of TiO2 Nanoparticles in PCM for Air-Conditioning System
Authors: Li Xiao Yan , Zhao Qiao Qiao
Published: December 2014

The research of improving thermal properties of cool storage medium using nanocomposite technology is proposed in this paper. The nanocomposite cool storage material was prepared by the method of mixing directly. The effect of dispersant, ultrasonic time and concentration of dispersant were deeply researched. The optimizing concentration of dispersant and the optimizing dispersion process conditions are confirmed. The results show that thermal conductivity of TiO2 /HS-6 nanofluids is noticeably enhanced to compare base fluid HS-6, the increasing extent is 21.5%. The results provide the basic data for the application research of TiO2 nanoparticles in PCM for air-conditioning system.
Optimization of Photovoltaic Array Configurations in Photovoltaic System
Authors: Jia Wen Ting , Wei Xue Ye , Zhang Jun Hong , Meng Yi Fei
Published: December 2014

Closely related to the actual output power and the light intensity, the temperature of the photovoltaic cell panel and the load of the PV array or the like. In the case of the external environment is stable and load conditions change, the output power of the PV modules exist Maximum Power Point, in order to improve the self-tracking PV system energy conversion efficiency, maximum power point tracking method may ensure the system running at maximum power points. Photovoltaic power generation system, optimize allocation method of PV array are also discussed in this paper.
Study on the Effects of Hydrogen Addition on Ignition Delay of Surrogate Fuel for RP-3 Kerosene
Authors: Liu Yu , Zeng Wen , Ma Hong An , Deng Kang Yao
Published: December 2014

In order to reduce the emission and realize the sustainable development in aviation industry, looking for alternative fuel as kerosene has become more and more important. Hydrogen is regarded as one of the most promising alternative fuels. In our study RP-3 kerosene with hydrogen addition is used as the alternative kerosene. A RP-3 kerosene surrogate includes n-decane, toluene and propyl cyclohexane (volume fraction is 0.65/0.1/0.25) was chosen and the ignition delay times are calculated in CHEMKIN-PRO, it is found that hydrogen addition can shorten ignition delay.
Research for Photoelectric Property of SnO2 Vacancy Doped Cu
Authors: Zhang Bang Jian , Miao Feng
Published: December 2014

Based on Density Functional Theory, we investigated electronic structure and optical properties of Cu vacancy doped SnO2with density of 4.35%, including the density of state(dos), the partial density of state(PDOS) and complex dielectric function. The results show that Fermi level access valence band with the increase of doped density. And this can attributed to the increased folded state. It has enhanced the electrical and metal property of material.
Synthesis and Characterization of 5-Hexyl Benzothiadiazole
Authors: Yu Yi Feng , Hu Zhi Chao , Wang Xiao Jia , Lv Hai Jun , Liu Lei , Chen Ai Bing , Jing Fang , Yang Xiao Dan
Published: December 2014

In this paper, a intermediate compound of solar cell materials and plant activator was reported. 4-hexyl aniline as the raw material, through a series of reactions to get a new compound E and characterized by1H NMR and IR. This compound has excellent solubility in common solvents and as a promising candidate of synthesizing organic solar cell materials and plant activator.
Analysis of Busbar-Line Transformer Economic Operation Mode
Authors: Liang An Qi , Liu Wen Ying , Du Pei Dong , Li Hui Yong
Published: December 2014

Power transformer is a extensively-used electrical equipment in our national economy. Generally speaking, there exists 6~8 times of transformation from electricity generation, power supply to power utilization. As is known to all, transformer itself generates power loss, so, because there are so many transformers and the whole capacity is very big, the economic operation of transformers proves of great importance. This article finds effective energy-saving method by analyzing a mode of busbar-line transformer economic operation. In the end, a practical case is added to prove the correctness and validity of this mode.
Analysis and Improvement of the Power Flow Transferring Identification Method Based on DC Sensitivity Factors
Authors: Yan Xu , Ping Han , Cheng Chi
Published: December 2014

Research on the power flow transferring identification method based on DC sensitivity factors is carried out. According to the analysis of transfer power flow sensitivity factors matrix, the disadvantage of this method is proposed that it may identify incorrectly due to the only criterion of active power when fault occurs. In order to improve its performance, the criterion of impedance angle is put forward. The combination of the two criteria is applied to the improved flow transferring identification scheme. The improved scheme can identify non-faulted overload reliably and block zone 3 distance protection to prevent cascading trips effectively. The simulation results of IEEE 10-machine 39-bus system have proved its superiority and practicality.
Application of Fault Location Method Based on Multi-Source Fault Information in Repair of Distribution Network
Authors: Zhou Jing , Zhang Xing , Jia Chen
Published: December 2014

Fault location method based on multi-source fault information in repair of distribution network is proposed to make the precision and speed of fault location higher. Firstly a topology description and storage method which is appropriate to distribution network fault location is proposed. Then, based on the topological structure of distribution network, fault information on the distribution network is integrated processed. Fault information grouped and priorities are identified using the association of distribution equipment. Low-voltage fault location is achieved by applying fuzzy set theory in fault message omissions and misstatements situations. Finally, an example demonstrates the effectiveness of this method.
Implementation of Power Network Disturbance Identification System
Authors: Chen Gang , Li Gan , Teng Yu Fei , Zhang Hua , Ding Li Jie
Published: December 2014

A power network disturbance identification system (PNDIS) was developed as a new function module of wide-area security defense system (WASDS), which has been commissioned in the dispatching center of a real power system. This paper describes the implementation of its software platform which consists of three parts: data sharing service, calculation engine and visualization module. The paper focuses on the design of the calculation engine, which is the key part of the platform, and the visualization module. Wavelet transform (WT) is used to identify the time and location of disturbance in the power system. Tests on measured data recorded by WAMS are presented in order to illustrate the benefits of the software platform and show its excellent performance.
A Cross-Platform Assistant System for 110kV Transformer’s Differential Protection Calibration Based on Mobile Terminal
Authors: Lin Gao Xiang , Zhang Xiang , Qian Bi Fu
Published: December 2014

This paper reviews kinds of 110kV transformer percentage restraint differential protection’s principles from differential types and different manufacturers. Based on the Adobe AIR cross-platform technology, a new system on mobile terminal is carried out to support kinds of transformer protections’ calibration in one auxiliary application. On Android platform and iOS platform, this system is able to calculate testing currents, predict actual action boundary points and draw restraint characteristic curve. All the functions improve calibration efficiency and logic verification reliability greatly.
A New Method of Three-Phase Unbalanced Load Harmonic Current Detection
Authors: Zheng Hong , Zhang Yun , Huang Jun , Wang Zhe Yu
Published: December 2014

The extensive usage of power electronic equipments makes harmonic problem increasingly serious. In unbalanced three-phase system, traditional p-q, d-q method ignores the zero sequence currents, resulting in zero sequence harmonic leakage error. This article is based on the basic principle of instantaneous reactive power theory, it proposes a new type of harmonic detection algorithm, this algorithm does not need phase-locked loop nor do a matrix transformation, and can effectively avoid the zero order harmonic leakage error caused by coordinate transformation.In the end, using Matlab/Simulink environment to build models of traditional algorithm and improved algorithm .Through comparison, the simulation result shows that the improved algorithm is more accurate and more effective than the traditional one.
Application of Speech Interactive Technology in the Future Grid Scheduling System
Authors: Liu Xiao Mei , Yan Zi Jian , Zhang Hong
Published: December 2014

With the strong and smart grid full development and the unprecedented power scale, the traditional interaction has become increasingly unable to meet the requirements of future grid scheduling system. This paper analyzes the feasibility of speech interactive technology application in the dispatching automation areas, designed the scheduling speech interaction framework to meet the characteristics of grid scheduling. Then it was integrated into the existing human-computer systems to do related validation studies. The human-computer interaction framework is consisted of speech recognition module, semantic storage modules, interactive response modules and integrated human-computer display modules.The results showed that the speech interaction as an Auxiliary interaction, intergrated into human-computer interaction in the future scheduling system that can help dispatchers better to monitor and manage the power grid, which has broad application prospects in future grid scheduling system.
A Method of Acquiring and Processing GIC Signal in High-Speed Rail Track Circuit
Authors: Ma Yun Feng , Zong Wei
Published: December 2014

The high-speed railway is a typical ground systems, if subjected to a larger GIC, will lead to serious incidents. For the power supply and wiring pattern of high-speed railway is different from the public grid, then how to monitor the GIC impact on the high-speed rail electrical systems need to be studied. The paper study the process and pattem of GIC in high-speed rail track circuit, and propose a signal acquisition method of GIC in the track circuit. The sampled signal will be go through the low-pass filter designed by the window function to obtain the GIC.
Thermogravimetric and Pyrolysis Kinetic Analysis of Elmwood
Authors: Cui Yong Zhang , Tang Ming Tian , Zhang Lin Hua , Gao Peng , Zhang Guo Kai
Published: December 2014

Thermal gravimetric analysis is an important method in the study of biomass. In this paper, using this method on elmwood, through pyrolysis experimental analysis at different heating rates (10,30,50,80 °C / min), get the TG-DTG curves to investigate the pyrolysis characteristics of elmwood. The results show that the pyrolysis process of Elmwood are divided into three stages; With the increasing of heating rate, the major pyrolysis temperature range expansion, the temperature corresponding maximum weight loss rate rose; while taking advantage of Lyon integration algorithm for solving the activation energy of 78.47-271.58kj/mol. indicating Arrhenius first-order single-step reaction with biomass pyrolysis reaction has good linearity.
Modeling & Simulating of Hami-Zhengzhou UHVDC Transmission Project and Security & Stability Analysis of Send-Side Power System
Authors: Xia Tian , Qi Xiao Xiao , Deng Li Jun , Sun Yi Xian
Published: December 2014

Hami-Zhengzhou ±800kV DC project is the first ultra high-voltage project for Xinjiang power transmission, it is also the first DC transmission project binding thermal and wind power, with bipolar low-end operation in 2013 and bipolar operation in the middle of 2014. The rated power is 8,000MW. This article focused on Hami-Zhengzhou HVDC transmission system, established the electromechanical model, which improved commutation failure treatment in the traditional DC control system and made the simulation results more close to the real operation condition. Based on this model, security and stability analysis of power grid was carried out and the corresponding control strategies/schemes were brought up.
Fluctuation Magnitude Calculation and Oscillation Probability Analysis of Tie-Line Active Power in Interconnected Power System
Authors: Zhao Hong Sheng , Chen Wei Biao , Wang Jin , Yang Dong Jun , Xu Jing You , Liu Yuan , Liu Zi Quan
Published: December 2014

The historical data of wide area measurement system (WAMS) contains the daily record of the number of oscillations. The phenomenon, which the number of these oscillations suddenly increases at a certain frequency, indicates that the risk of weak damping oscillation with this frequency will increase. In other words, the statistical characteristics of these oscillations can reflect the system stability level. In this paper, the formulation of the small signal analysis including power disturbance on the power grid is given firstly. Then the relationship between the oscillation probability and damping ratio is obtained theoretically. Finally, a case study is carried out based on a 10-machine 39-bus power system. Simulation results verify the validity of the expression of oscillation amplitude of tie-line active power and the relationship between the oscillation probability and damping ratio. These theoretical results can be used to guide the power operator to assess the damping level of the power grid based on the daily number of oscillations recored by WAMS.
Research on the WAMS Real-Time Data Processing Based on the Message Bus
Authors: Hou Jin Ming , Zhang Chuan Kai , Shi Xiu Ping , Huang Yuan Chao
Published: December 2014

Senior applications based on PMU have to process a large amount of data. An effective method to solve the problem is need to find. Firstly, the characteristics of real-time data message of WAMS and the method for receiving and processing real-time data based on the message bus of the smart grid dispatching technical support system were analyzed, and then, the producer/consumer model which is commonly used in the data receiving and processing was introduced emphatically. The advantages and disadvantages of three different ways to realize the buffer were explained. Finally, the test results of practical application were given. The test results show the producer / consumer model using the ring buffer can effectively solve the problem of a large number of PMU data processing.
Study on the Optimum Location of PSS in Power Systems
Authors: Wu Fu Xia , Gong Jian Rong , Xie Jun , Wu Ying Jun
Published: December 2014

Power system stabilizer in a power system is a closed-loop controller. The conventional participation factor method just considers the effect of PSS input signal. When the system stress is heavier, it may give misleading results. Based on the participation factor of modal analysis, an integrative participation factor is proposed to determine the optimum PSS location. The integrative participation factor takes into account both the input and control effect of PSS controllers. The case studied in 2-area 4-generator power system power system confirms that the integrative participation factor is more reasonable and effective than the participation factor method.
Determination of Voltage Stability Margin by PQ Curve for Wind Power Integrated System
Authors: Zhang Xiao Ying , Zhang Pu
Published: December 2014

In this paper, a novel method to determine the voltage stability margin of the wind power integrated system using PQ curve is proposed, in which the wind power turbine output characteristics and the load characteristics are both considered. The PQ curve under different wind power turbine output conditions can be constructed that also combines the mathematical model of different load characteristics. The geometric distance between the node power point and the border of the PQ curve and its corresponding probability are calculated and multiplied as margin. Thus the weakest bus can be determined. Finally, taking the operation mode data about the IEEE-30 power grid for calculation example, the proposed method is effectively validated by the results on the method of sensitivity analysis based on voltage stability margin.
Method of Cluster Zoning for Voltage Regulation in Nodes of Power System
Authors: Bunkova Elena
Published: December 2014

In this paper proposed a method for regulating the voltage in the power system on the basis of cluster zoning using voltage sensitivity coefficient. The proposed method used to test calculations in the power supply system of the Far East with the cluster differentiation for different voltage classes and definition devices which should be coordinated while setting up. The algorithm of cluster zoning is implemented as VBScript for models in RastrWin software package.
Application of Constructed Wetland to Rural Domestic Wastewater Treatment in China
Authors: Chen Fang , Yao Qiang
Published: December 2014

Constructed wetland is a new wastewater treatment technology. It not only is more effective in wastewater treatment, but also has good eco-landscapes value. According to the characteristics of domestic wastewater discharge in rural, constructed wetlands is a key technology to solving this problem in China. Application of constructed wetland to Chinese rural domestic wastewater treatment was reviewed in this paper. On this basis, the issues in the application of constructed wetland encountered, and future trends are discussed. On the one hand, constructed wetlands were prone to clogging and low nitrogen removal efficiency. On the other hand, some existing constructed wetlands were abandoned due to poor maintenance and management. Therefore, in order to play better the role of wastewater treatment, anti-blocking ability and denitrification efficiency of constructed wetlands should be improved. Meanwhile, the maintenance and management of constructed wetlands should be strengthened. Application of constructed wetlands in the rural area provides a strong guarantee for sustainable development of rural economy.
Stormwater Detention Tanks for Sustainable Energy Management in Urban Environment
Authors: Garofalo Giuseppina , Carbone Marco , Piro Patrizia
Published: December 2014

The risk of flooding in urban environment has become more and more frequent due to the increased impervious surfaces and climate change. The most suitable solutions for mitigating the urban flooding risks are stormwater detention tanks which temporarily store the exceeded rainfall and gradually release it into the urban drainage system at the end of the rainfall events. The present study aims to evaluate the feasibility of stormwater detention tanks used also for producing hydroelectric power serving a small town, through the release of such volumes. The study is applied to an urban watershed in the city of Cosenza, Italy. After a preliminary design, a hydrologic/hydraulic model, SWMM, coupled with a numerical model implemented in MATLAB was used to predict the stormwater volumes reusable for the production of electricity and the overall response of the system on annual basis. The results obtained showed that a mini-hydro system in an urban area is technically feasible. From an economic point of view, the system is self-sustainable only if one considers the need to integrate the urban drainage network with the electric power grid using the stormwater volumes to store energy in hours of maximum electric energy production that otherwise would be lost.
Discussion on Simulation Rotational Speed of Coagulation Jar Test
Authors: Tang Chao Chun , Ye Xin , Chen Hui Min , Liu Min
Published: December 2014

According to the characteristic of mixing and flocculation of water plant, the calculation formula of the simulation rotational speed of agitator was proposed for the coagulation-flocculation jar test of optimum dosage, which was based on the basic principle that the velocity gradient of production is equal to that of experiment. Obtained the calculation formula for related parameters about coagulation agitator through the determination of the actual production velocity gradient and combined with the coagulation jar test data in laboratory, such as the power consumption of the paddle boards; the proportional coefficient of coagulation agitator and the agitation speed etc. The result shows that the experiment simulation according with the effect of practical produce of water plant can provide the reliable optimum dosage of coagulant for the practical production. This research has a great signality to waste-water treatment, Results not only have great economic benefit, but also can achieve a certain ecological benefit, accorded with the demand of developing low carbon environmental protection.
Early Selection of Larix principis-rupprechtii
Authors: Zhang Guo Jun , Cao Hong Mei , Zhao Min Hua , Jia Xue Ying , Yang Jun Ming
Published: December 2014

The growth process of tree height and basal diameter of 24-year old of 416 felled individual plants were measured to detect correlation between the early and late growth ofLarix principis-rupprechtii. Rank correlation, phenotypic and genetic correlation between height, basal diameter and the tree-age were analyzed. Results showed that height ofLarix principis-rupprechtiiin early tree-age was closely correlated with that in late tree-age. It was feasible for early prediction and selection. It could select preferred in 2-year old nursery seedlings, and the second suitable selection period was at the age of 9-13. And tree height was a good indicator for early selection.
The Mechanical and Aging Properties of the Natural Rubber/Polyvinyl Alcohol (NR/PVA) Blends
Authors: Chen Ke , Wang Rui
Published: December 2014

The natural rubber/polyvinyl alcohol (NR/PVA) blends containing epoxid natural rubber as the compatilizer were prepared using latex compounding techniques. The mechanical and thermal oxidation aging properties were studied. Mechanical test showed that the tear strength and hardness of the NR were significantly improved due to adding of the PVA. The tensile strength decreased significantly along with the PVA increasing. Thermal oxidation aging test had obviously impact on the mechanical properties of the material. The performance retention of the material properties was taken effect significantly on the aging test.
MAE-HPLC Determination of Bioactive Compounds in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis
Authors: Yang Qiao
Published: December 2014

In this study, a novel microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method has been developed for the extraction and determination of the major biologically active compounds, crocin and its seven trans-cis analogues in a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), gardenia fruits (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) with analysis by reversed phase HPLC. Sudan I [1-phenylazo-2-naphthol] was selected as the internal standard. The results of quantitative determination of seven crocin analogues in six commercial gardenia fruits samples show that MAE–HPLC is a simple, rapid, low cost and reliable method for the determination of biologically active compounds, crocin analogues in TCM, and also a potential and powerful tool for quality assessment of gardenia fruits (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis).
Extend Building Life and Promote Building Energy Efficiency
Authors: Cui De Qin
Published: December 2014

Building "short-lived" phenomenon is very common in China. It is extremely wasteful for a developing country with limited resources and financial resources (per capita). Any green low carbon, energy saving and environmental protection without building safety would like water without a source, and a tree without roots. Extending the building life, based on Chinese current situation, mainly starts out here from two aspects of new buildings and the existing buildings, and need strengthen government regulation. Fundamentally extend building life and promote building energy efficiency.
The Research of Energy-Saving Building’s Cost-Benefit Based on the Stakeholders
Authors: Qi Qi , Xun Zhi Yuan , Zhang Zhu , Zhao Tai
Published: December 2014

The main reason for slow development of energy-saving buildings are differences in the benefit of all stakeholders to appeal. Identifying stakeholders, and on the basis of analysis all parties interests and needs, energy-saving building Life Cycle Cost-Benefit Model was established. Then we can find the equilibrium point among the government, developer and consumer, and factors of impacting the development of energy-saving buildings. Last we provide advice for the rapid development of energy-saving buildings.
Integrating BIM Technology to Achieve Green Building’s Sustainable Performance
Authors: Yang Yun Hui
Published: December 2014

Green building is rapidly transforming the design and construction industry around the globe. Simultaneously, a growing numbers of industry practitioners are taking the advantages of building information modeling (BIM) to upgrade the sustainable performance of green building. BIM tools encourage an integrated lifecycle green building management from design, construction, and prefabrication to operation and maintenance. This paper represents using BIM technology to achieve green building objectives and sustainable performances.
Green Manufacture of Building Bricks by Carbonating Steel Slags
Authors: Li Gang Lin , Zhou Zong Hui , Cheng Xin
Published: December 2014

Carbon dioxide emission and industrial waste recycling have become hot spots of the world's scientific research, and the preparation of brick in CO2 mineral carbonation of steel slag increased gradually. However, there still exists some questions, such as low strength, low carbonization efficiency. Combined with these problems and according to the previous experimental basis, this study aims to further improve the carbonation efficiency and mechanical properties of building materials. In this paper, it studied the influence of carbonization pressure in the preparation of steel slag bricks as building materials by CO2 mineral carbonation. The results show that the optimal carbonization pressure is about 0.25MPa. Under the process parameters, the carbonization efficiency and the compressive strength is 16.6% and 65.1MPa respectively.