bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
„The Boy and the Snake“
Authors: Rölleke Heinz
Published: July 2020

Grimms Märchen von der Unke(KHM 105) wurde 1813 nach mündlicher Tradition in Hessen aufgezeichnet. Erst in der fünften KHM-Auflage von 1843 erhielt es seine endgültige allbekannte Gestalt. Die Textzusätze betonen die totemistischen Züge der Erzählung. Die erste Aufzeichnung macht durch einen Vergleich mit einem entlegenen Zeugnis aus dem Jahr 1626 deutlich, dass die alte Geschichte in der deutschen Tradition bis auf den Kern der Handlung geschrumpft war, so dass das Märchenwunder des gemeinsamen Mahls von Kind und Schlange inzwischen in Form eines realen Ereignisses erzählt wurde. Davon dürfte auch eine jüngst erschienene Parallelfassung ausgegangen sein, die auf eigenständiger, nicht durch die KHM beeinflusster schottischer Tradition basiert. Hier ist die Handlung realistisch und genau lokalisiert, die Figuren tragen individuelle Namen, der Zusammenhang zwischen dem Tod der Schlange und dem des Kindes wird nicht totemistisch, sondern kinderpsychologisch erklärt. Eine Synopse der Fassung Grimms und Williamsons gibt weitere interessante Aufschlüsse.
Zitierkartelle und Lobbyisten Vergleichende Perspektiven auf die Klimawandelleugner
Authors: Haupt Sebastian
Published: July 2020

Der Zweifel am Klimawandel reicht bis in hohe politische Ämter, wie die Beispiele USA und Brasilien zeigen. Doch auch in Deutschland versuchen Organisationen, Publizisten und Interessenvertreter, die Öffentlichkeit davon zu überzeugen, dass die Klimaforschung irrt. Wie erfolgreich sind sie damit? Ein Vergleich zwischen den Klimaskeptikern bzw. Klima(wandel)leugnern in den USA und Deutschland zeigt erhebliche Unterschiede auf – etwa im Hinblick auf Finanzen, Organisationsgrad und mediale Reichweite. Andererseits bestehen teils enge ideelle, organisatorische und mitunter finanzielle Verbindungen. Die Darstellung einiger Strategien dieser Akteure verdeutlicht: Der Zweifel an den Erkenntnissen der Klimaforschung hat oft weniger eine wissenschaftliche, sondern vor allem gesellschaftliche, politische und ökonomische Dimensionen. Das stellt Klimaforschung und Medien vor Herausforderungen.
Sozial-ökologisch-demokratisch: Das Primat des Politischen
Authors: Meinhardt Uwe , Würdinger Thomas
Published: July 2020

Das vergangene Jahr stand ganz im Zeichen der globalen Klimadebatte. Dabei deutete sich eine fast schon unverhoffte Rückkehr an: 40 Jahre neoliberalen Mainstreams könnten endlich ein Ende finden, das Primat der Politik die Oberhand gewinnen. Nicht als Stunde des Staates oder der Exekutive, sondern als Maxime für ein Zukunftsprojekt zur demokratischen Gestaltung der Transformation von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Die IG Metall fordert das Primat des Politischen, verfolgt dabei ein klares Zielbild: Sozial. Ökologisch. Demokratisch. Das gilt gerade in der Corona-Krise. Die Pandemie hält neue Fallstricke bereit, eröffnet aber auch ungeahnte Möglichkeiten – für den Weg in eine klimaneutrale Industriegesellschaft.
Natural and human-induced factors controlling the phreatic groundwater geochemistry of the Longgang River basin, South China
Authors: Li Wei , Chen Xiaohong , Xie Linshen , Cheng Gong , Liu Zhao , Yi Shuping
Published: July 2020

Groundwater chemical evolution is the key to ensuring the sustainability of local society and economy development. In this study, four river sections and 59 groundwater wells are investigated in the Longgang River (L.R.) basin in South China. Comprehensive hydrochemical analysis methods are adopted to determine the dominant factors controlling the chemical evolution of the local phreatic groundwater and the potential impact of human activities on groundwater quality. The results indicate that the ionic composition of the local phreatic groundwater is dominated by Ca2+ (0.9–93.8 mg/L), HCO3
− (4.4–280.0 mg/L), and SO4
2− (1.0–91.0 mg/L). Ca–Mg–HCO3, Ca–Na–HCO3, and Na–Ca–HCO3 are the major groundwater hydrochemical facies. Water–rock interactions, such as the dissolution of calcite and dolomite, are the primary source of the major ions in the local groundwater. Cation-exchange reaction has its effects on the contents of Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+. Ammonia concentration of the sampling sections in the L.R. increases from 0.03 to 2.01 mg/L along the flow direction. Groundwater nitrate in the regions of the farmland is attributed to the lowest level of the groundwater quality standards of China, while the same test results are obtained for heavy metals in the industrial park and landfill, suggesting a negative impact of the anthropogenic activities on the local phreatic groundwater quality.
Will Blockchain Technologies Strengthen or Undermine the Effectiveness of Global Trade Control Regulations and Financial Sanctions?
Authors: Cozzi Fabio
Published: July 2020

Financial sanctions and trade control regulations are becoming increasingly relevant in the current global situation, characterized by multiple ongoing conflicts, sophisticated terrorist organizations, and serious tensions between international economic actors. The United Nations, under Article 41 of the UN Charter, the United States and Europe, in particular, regularly introduce and enforce a number of tools (e. g., financial restrictions, trade restrictions, arms embargoes, travel bans). Such tools can range from comprehensive, “territory-wide” sanctions against States to targeted sanctions on entities, including individuals, to obtain a change in policy or activity by the target country, part of the country, governments, entities, and individuals, with the ultimate aim of pursuing peace, human rights, democracy, and respect for the rule of law. Recent history proves that companies and financial institutions have adopted complex solutions to conceal transactions with sanctioned countries and entities.

Blockchain technology, through the use of distributed digitalized ledgers, grants a high level of transparency, for instance providing real-time updates on the development of an export transaction, and the use of smart contracts can automatize payments, or the triggering of guarantees, etc. While blockchain technology continues to be an area of enormous promise, it is also one of risk, if not managed properly, especially in a transnational, multi-jurisdictional context. Not only might the use of blockchain-based solutions prove challenging for the enforcement of current international sanctions programs by competent authorities, but blockchain technologies developers will also need to set up solutions suitable to comply with the requirements imposed by the various sanctions in place. At the same time, businesses will need to determine which measures and due diligence practices are needed to protect against the risks of a sanctions violation, which can result in significant fines and even criminal penalties. This paper explores how blockchain solutions that may be implemented in the context of international financial and commercial transactions can interrelate (or interfere) with sanctions enforcement and sanctions compliance, highlighting the multiple legal issues that may arise in connection thereto.
Melatonin inhibits high glucose-induced ox-LDL/LDL expression and apoptosis in human umbilical endothelial cells
Authors: Tiong Yee Lian , Ng Khuen Yen , Koh Rhun Yian , Ponnudurai Gnanajothy , Chye Soi Moi
Published: July 2020

Background

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major cause of mortality in diabetic patients. Evidence suggests that hyperglycemia in diabetic patients contributes to increased risk of CVD. This study is to investigate the therapeutic effects of melatonin on glucose-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and provide insights on the underlying mechanisms.

Materials and methods

Cell viability was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and membrane potential was detected using 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylbenzimidazolcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) dye staining, respectively. While, cell apoptosis was determined by Annexin-V staining and protein expression was measured using Western blot.

Results

Our results suggested that melatonin inhibited glucose-induced ROS elevation, mitochondria dysfunction and apoptosis on HUVEC. Melatonin inhibited glucose-induced HUVEC apoptosis via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Activation of Akt further activated BcL-2 pathway through upregulation of Mcl-1 expression and downregulation Bax expression in order to inhibit glucose-induced HUVEC apoptosis. Besides that, melatonin promoted downregulation of oxLDL/LOX-1 in order to inhibit glucose-induced HUVEC apoptosis.

Conclusions

In conclusion, our results suggested that melatonin exerted vasculoprotective effects against glucose-induced apoptosis in HUVEC through PI3K/Akt, Bcl-2 and oxLDL/LOX-1 signaling pathways.
Influence of center gas supply device on gas–solid flow in COREX shaft furnace through DEM–CFD model
Authors: Zhou Heng , Wang Shuyu , Du Binbin , Kou Mingyin , Tang Zhiyong , Yang Jiahui , Wu Shengli , E Dianyu
Published: July 2020

In order to develop the central gas flow in COREX shaft furnace, a new installment of center gas supply device (CGD) is designed. In this work, a coupled DEM–CFD model was employed to study the influence of CGD on gas–solid flow in COREX shaft furnace. The particle descending velocity, particle segregation behaviour, void distribution and gas distribution were investigated. The results show that the CGD affects the particles descending velocity remarkably as the burden falling down to the slot. Particle segregation can be observed under the inverse ‘V’ burden profile, and the influence of CGD on the particle segregation is unobvious on the whole, which causes the result that the voidage is slightly changed. Although the effect of CGD on solid flow is not significant, the gas flow in shaft furnace has an obvious change. Compared with the condition without CGD, in the case with CGD, the gas velocity is improved significantly, especially in the middle zone of the furnace, which further promotes the center gas distribution. Meanwhile, the pressure drop in the furnace with the installation of CGD is increased partly.
Assessment of myrtle powder dried by spray drying
Authors: Feitosa Regilane Marques , de Figueirêdo Rossana Maria Feitosa , de Melo Queiroz Alexandre José , da Silva Wilton Pereira , dos Santos Moreira Inacia
Published: July 2020

Myrtle (Eugenia gracílima Kiaersk) is a fruit that has significant amounts of anthocyanins and its sensory characteristics give it commercial value and its short shelf life justifies studies on conservation processes. The aim of this study was to assess the dehydration of myrtle pulp in spray dryer using maltodextrin as promoter, evaluating the effect of drying temperatures of 150, 170, and 190 °C on the powder obtained. Increasing the drying temperature provided lower moisture content, water activity and anthocyanin values and total color difference. Acidity and insolubility of powders were better for lower drying temperatures. In general, there were changes in the shape of powder particles by increasing the drying temperature and different collection locations on the spray dryer. The model that best fit experimental data of adsorption isotherms at 25 °C was Peleg. Isotherms were classified as type III.
Optimization of pea seed intermittent drying assisted with ultrasound technology
Authors: Yu Fei , Yang Zhao , Tao Zhichao , Yang Zongyu
Published: July 2020

In recent years, hot air-drying coupled with ultrasonic technique or intermittent method is widely applied in food drying owing to significantly improving drying properties. The objective of this paper was to study the effect of drying temperature, ultrasonic power and intermittent method on drying kinetics, seed vitality and energy consumption of pea seed. The single factor tests were performed with air temperature of 28, 32, 36, and 40 °C, using ultrasound at four power levels of 60, 100, 150, and 200 W, and intermittent drying with intermittent ratios of 1, 1/2, 1/3 and middle intermittence. The orthogonal experiments of three factors with three levels were conducted based on the results of single factor test. Results indicated that drying temperature, ultrasonic power and drying method all had significant effects on drying kinetics, germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT) and germination index (GI) (P < 0.05), and application of intermittent drying method can greatly reduce energy consumption. Further, from the orthogonal experiment, the greatest impact on the comprehensive evaluation index of seed drying was intermittent method, followed by drying temperature and the least was ultrasonic power. The optimum drying parameters of pea seed were drying temperature of 36°C, ultrasonic power of 200 W, and drying method of intermittent ratio 1/2, which were obtained by range analysis in the scope of this experiment.
Antioxidant activity and stability of the flavonoids from Lycium barbarum leaves during gastrointestinal digestion in vitro
Authors: Chen Jinghua , Kou Tingting , Fan Yanli , Niu Yinhong
Published: July 2020

In this study, stability including the total flavonoids content (TFC) and main monomers composition and antioxidant activity of the flavonoids extract (LBLF) from Lycium barbarum leaves were investigated in the process of simulated oral and gastrointestinal digestion in vitro. During digested through the simulated oral fluid (SOF), gastric fluid (SGF), and intestinal fluid (SIF) in order, TFC of LBLF in the lyophilized digestive fluid samples were determined at different time points. It was shown that compared with the initial TFC of 811.72 ± 0.72 mg RE/g DW, the total flavonoids did not change significantly during oral digestion, while definitely increased at gastric digestion stage (p < 0.05) where the pH value is the lowest in the digestive system, indicating that the release of flavonoids from LBLF was promoted by pepsin, trypsase, and bile, however decreased during intestinal digestion probably due to the instability of LBLF in weak alkali media. Moreover, the antioxidant capacity and bioaccessibility of LBLF were significantly improved by SGF and SIF digestion (p < 0.05). The scavenging effect of the fluid sample after gastric digestion on free radicals followed as O2
−
· > ABTS+
· > DPPH > ·OH > FRAP, while the clearance effect of intestinal digestion sample expressed as ABTS+
· > O2
−
· > DPPH > FRAP > ·OH. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results suggested that chlorogenic acid and rutin in LBLF had low stability during the gastrointestinal digestion in vitro. Our study suggests that LBLF may show the instability in the contents of total flavonoids and some main monomers, but an enhancement in the antioxidant activity during gastrointestinal digestion, providing a reference for the stability improvement of LBLF in the next step.
Nonlinear wave equation in an inhomogeneous medium from non-standard singular Lagrangians functional with two occurrences of integrals
Authors: El-Nabulsi Rami Ahmad
Published: July 2020

In this communication, we show that a family of partial differential equations such as the linear and nonlinear wave equations propagating in an inhomogeneous medium may be derived if the action functional is replaced by a new functional characterized by two occurrences of integrals where the integrands are non-standard singular Lagrangians. Several features are illustrated accordingly.
Strategic Planning in Emergency Management: Evaluating the Impacts on Local Program Quality
Authors: Manning Scott Robert
Published: July 2020

This study examined the strategic planning practices of county-level emergency management agencies (EMAs), with a specific focus on strategic planning adoption and its relationship to local program quality. The study utilized a descriptive, cross-sectional survey design to collect planning- and program-related data from more than 300 county-level EMAs across the United States. The study findings revealed that most of the county EMAs included in the final sample had previously engaged in strategic planning activities, with nearly all of them continuing to use strategic planning as part of their general management practice. The study findings further revealed that strategic planning had a direct and significant impact on the overall quality of local emergency management programs, and that the strategic planning EMAs had significantly higher mean quality scores across all program dimensions when compared to the non-strategic planning EMAs.
A Modified Binary Pigeon-Inspired Algorithm for Solving the Multi-dimensional Knapsack Problem
Authors: Bolaji Asaju La’aro , Okwonu Friday Zinzendoff , Shola Peter Bamidele , Balogun Babatunde Sulaiman , Adubisi Obinna Damian
Published: July 2020

The pigeon-inspired optimization algorithm is a category of a newly proposed swarm intelligence-based algorithm that belongs to the population-based solution technique. The MKP is a class of complex optimization problems that have many practical applications in the fields of engineering and sciences. Due to the practical applications of MKP, numerous algorithmic-based methods like local search and population-based search algorithms have been proposed to solve the MKP in the past few decades. This paper proposes a modified binary pigeon-inspired optimization algorithm named (Modified-BPIO) for the 0 - 1 multidimensional knapsack problem (MKP). The utilization of the binary pigeon-inspired optimization (BPIO) for solving the multidimensional knapsack problem came with huge success. However, it can be observed that the BPIO converges prematurely due to lost diversity during the search activities. Given the above, the crossover operator is integrated with the landmark component of the BPIO to improve the diversity of the solution space. The MKP benchmarks from the Operations Research (OR) library are utilized to test the performance of the proposed binary method. Experimentally, it is concluded that the proposed Modified-BPIO has a better performance when compared with the BPIO and existing state-of-the-arts that worked on the same MKP benchmarks.
A note on the efficient evaluation of a modified Hilbert transformation
Authors: Steinbach Olaf , Zank Marco
Published: July 2020

In this note we consider an efficient data–sparse approximation of a modified Hilbert type transformation as it is used for the space–time finite element discretization of parabolic evolution equations in the anisotropic Sobolev space H
1,1/2(Q). The resulting bilinear form of the first order time derivative is symmetric and positive definite, and similar as the integration by parts formula for the Laplace hypersingular boundary integral operator in 2D. Hence we can apply hierarchical matrices for data–sparse representations and for acceleration of the computations. Numerical results show the efficiency in the approximation of the first order time derivative. An efficient realisation of the modified Hilbert transformation is a basic ingredient when considering general space–time finite element methods for parabolic evolution equations, and for the stable coupling of finite and boundary element methods in anisotropic Sobolev trace spaces.
Radio over fiber based signal transport schemes for emerging mobile fronthaul networks – a review
Authors: Saminathan Brindha , Tamilarasan Ilavarasan , Thangarasu Sivasakthi
Published: July 2020

Radio over fiber plays a prominent role in the realization of next generation integrated Optical -Wireless Networks to distribute mobile broadband signals effectively to meet the increasing demand of multimedia services with guaranteed quality of services. In this paper the signal transport schemes of analog and digitized Radio over fiber systems with relevance to cellular communication and the comparison of different Radio over fiber systems with their merits and demerits is explored. Further, review of existing different types of multioperator multiservice architectures to realize high performance Radio over fiber based fronthaul architectures also presented in detail.
Transmission challenges in metropolitan area optical networks
Authors: Tomar Ashwani , Singh Kulwinder , Bansal Amit Kumar
Published: July 2020

For implementing wide/metropolitan area network in optical fiber communication system the key technology that can be utilized is wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). We discuss the use of WDM in metropolitan networks along with its special feature of using optical add drop multiplexers and also design issues in implementing these systems. The issue of nonlinear crosstalk induced in metropolitan networks is considered in terms of power penalty. Also, the effect of dispersion induced in optical fibers is considered by using two types of transmission systems. One is considering the non-zero dispersion shifted fiber (NZDSF) in dispersion effected environment and second is, implementing dispersion compensation after normal single mode fiber (SMF + DCF). The effect of nonlinear cross talk which can limit transmission performance is discussed in both cases in context with different parameters like power penalty, frequency difference between signal & crosstalk and transmission distance etc.
Performance analysis of hybrid optical amplifiers for multichannel wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical networks
Authors: Malik Deepak , Wason Amit
Published: July 2020

Hybrid Optical Amplifier (HOA) has made a significant change in Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) optical networks. We have proposed diverse hybrid optical amplifier configurations for the better performance of WDM optical networks. These configurations are SOA-EDFA, EDFA-EDFA and EDFA-Raman amplifier for 24 channels WDM optical networks at 10 Gbps with channel spacing of 0.8 nm. The performance of the systems is evaluated on the behalf of different parameters such as, quality factor, eye diagram, bit error rate and output power. The efforts are made to optimize these parameters. From the results, it is assessed that EDFA-Raman configuration gives superior results as compared to EDFA-EDFA configuration and SOA-EDFA hybrid optical amplifier configuration for long distance. Further it is also observed that EDFA-Raman hybrid optical amplifier configuration is suitable for high data rates up to 20 Gbps.
Prevalence of abdominal obesity in non-obese adolescents: a North Indian adolescent study
Authors: Solanki Dhiraj Kumar , Walia Rama , Gautam Akanksha , Misra Anoop , Aggarwal Arun Kumar , Bhansali Anil
Published: July 2020

Context

Childhood obesity is defined based on body mass index (BMI) criteria. Asian adults have more abdominal adiposity as compared to Western people for an equivalent BMI. Similarly, children who are non-obese/overweight by BMI criteria may have abdominal obesity. It is important to identify and target this population to reduce future cardiovascular risk.

Objective

To evaluate and inter-relate the prevalence of obesity subtypes (generalized and abdominal) in school going adolescents.

Methods

A randomized cross-sectional community based study was conducted, which was carried out in 13 schools of Chandigarh, a North Indian city. 10,037 school going adolescents of age 10–18 years were evaluated.

Results

The prevalence of overweight and generalized obesity in present study was 9.3 and 4.9% respectively. Generalized obesity was observed in 4.2% of males and 5.7% of females (p-Value = 0.001). The abdominal obesity was noted in 5.4% of children and its prevalence increased progressively with age. The prevalence was highest in 16–18 years age-group (7.6%, p<0.001). 39.3% of abdominally obese subjects were not obese by BMI criteria, while prevalence of abdominal obesity in nonobese adolescents was 2.24%. It was more prevalent in females (3.7%) than males (3%, p=0.025). Prevalence of obesity was 7.9 and 1.8% in private and government schools respectively (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Abdominal obesity is more prevalent than generalized obesity and shows increasing trend with age. Interestingly, over one third of centrally obese adolescents are not obese by BMI criteria. This underlines the importance of waist circumference measurement in addition to BMI while assessing obesity.
Utility of estimated glucose disposal rate for predicting metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents with type-1 diabetes
Authors: Köken Özlem Yayıcı , Kara Cengiz , Yılmaz Gülay Can , Aydın Hasan Murat
Published: July 2020

Objectives

To determine the clinical utility of the estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) for predicting metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents with type-1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods

Modified criteria of the International Diabetes Federation were used to determine MetS in children and adolescents between 10 and 18 years of age with T1D. The eGDR, a validated marker of insulin sensitivity, was calculated in two different ways using either the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) or waist circumference (WC). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to ascertain cut-off levels of the eGDR to predict MetS.

Results

A total of 200 patients (52% male) with T1D were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of MetS was 10.5% (n: 21). Lower eGDR levels, indicating greater insulin resistance, were found in T1D patients with MetS when compared to those without (6.41 ± 1.86 vs. 9.50 ± 1.34 mg/kg/min) (p < 0.001). An eGDRWHR cut-off of 8.44 mg/kg/min showed 85.7% sensitivity and 82.6% specificity, while an eGDRWC cut-off of 8.16 mg/kg/min showed 76.1% sensitivity and 92.1% specificity for MetS diagnosis. The diagnostic odds ratio was 28.6 (7.3–131.0) for the eGDRWHR cut-off and 37.7 (10.8–140.8) for the eGDRWC cut-off.

Conclusions

The eGDR is a mathematical formula that can be used in clinical practice to detect the existence of MetS in children and adolescents with T1D using only the WC, existence of hypertension, and hemoglobin A1c levels. An eGDR calculated using the WC could be a preferred choice due to its higher diagnostic performance.
Problems and solutions of personal protective equipment doffing in COVID-19
Authors: Cheng Lin , Chen Lei , Xiao Li , Zhang Jianping , Cheng Yilian , Zhou Lian , Peng Yu , Liu Lei
Published: July 2020

The progress of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is still severe. While everyone has been striving very hard to combat the pandemic, some healthcare professionals have shown varying degrees of infection symptoms and even died. The Chinese Army Medical Aid Team arrived in Wuhan on January 25, 2020, and quickly entered the battle against the pandemic after a short and rigorous training. As one of the earliest medical teams to enter the pandemic area, researchers have been exploring effective infection control measures that are currently in practice. Through observation and research, it has been noticed that layers of protective equipment have a hidden danger of infection while protecting the safety of the personnel. The members of each medical team have typically focused on the standard use of personal protective equipment (PPE). However, after a long period of intensive diagnosis and treatment in clinics and due to physical exertion and tiredness, problems such as improper operation are prone to occur during the tedious PPE doffing, thereby producing a relatively high risk of infection. This study primarily analyzes PPE doffing procedures, existing problems, and measures for improvement to explore methods to improve PPE donning and doffing and reduce the risk of infection.
Thermoelectric graphene photodetectors with sub-nanosecond response times at terahertz frequencies
Authors: Viti Leonardo , Cadore Alisson R. , Yang Xinxin , Vorobiev Andrei , Muench Jakob E. , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Stake Jan , Ferrari Andrea C. , Vitiello Miriam S.
Published: July 2020

Ultrafast and sensitive (noise equivalent power <1 nW Hz−1/2) light-detection in the terahertz (THz) frequency range (0.1–10 THz) and at room-temperature is key for applications such as time-resolved THz spectroscopy of gases, complex molecules and cold samples, imaging, metrology, ultra-high-speed data communications, coherent control of quantum systems, quantum optics and for capturing snapshots of ultrafast dynamics, in materials and devices, at the nanoscale. Here, we report room-temperature THz nano-receivers exploiting antenna-coupled graphene field effect transistors integrated with lithographically-patterned high-bandwidth (∼100 GHz) chips, operating with a combination of high speed (hundreds ps response time) and high sensitivity (noise equivalent power ≤120 pW Hz−1/2) at 3.4 THz. Remarkably, this is achieved with various antenna and transistor architectures (single-gate, dual-gate), whose operation frequency can be extended over the whole 0.1–10 THz range, thus paving the way for the design of ultrafast graphene arrays in the far infrared, opening concrete perspective for targeting the aforementioned applications.
Communication for Social Change, Making Theory Count
Authors: Thomas Pradip Ninan
Published: July 2020

This article argues for communication for social change theory to be based on a theory of knowledge, a specific understanding of process that feeds into practice, a knowledge of structures, a specific understanding of context and flows of power. It highlights the example of the Right to Information Movement in India as an embodiment of meaningful practice that was in itself a response to the felt needs of people. It argues that the RTI movement provided opportunities to understand Voice as a practice and value through indigenous means, specifically through the mechanism of theJan Sunwai(Public Hearings). It argues that when local people are involved in articulating ‘needs’, there will be scope for the sustainability of the practice of communication and social change and opportunities to theorise from such practice.
Navigating Socially Engaged Documentary Photographic Practices
Authors: Turnbull Gemma-Rose
Published: July 2020

As Documentary Photographers increasingly introduce the collaborative and participatory methodologies common to socially engaged art practices into their projects (particularly those that are activist in nature, seeking to catalyse social change agendas and policies through image making and sharing), there is an increased tension between the process of production and the photographic representation that is created. Over the course of the last five years I have utilised these methodologies of co-authorship. This article contextualizes this kind of transdisciplinary work, and examines the ways in which the integration of collaborative strategies and co-authored practice in projects that are explicitly designed to be of benefit to a primary audience (the participants, collaborators and producers) might be usefully disseminated to a secondary audience (the general public, the ‘art world’, critics etc.) through analysis of my projects Red Light Dark Room; Sex, lives and stereotypes made in Melbourne, Australia, and The King School Portrait Project made in Portland, Oregon, America.
News Framing in a Time of Terror
Authors: Jørndrup Hanne
Published: July 2020

On Saturday afternoon, 14 February 2015, a man attacked a public meeting at Krudttønden in Copenhagen and later the city's synagogue, killing two persons. The attacks did not take the Danish media by surprise since they had recently been engaged in the coverage of similar events, reporting the attacks at the Charlie Hebdo office in Paris in January 2015.

This article analyses how the Danish television channel DR1 framed the attacks in the newscast from the first shot at Krudttønden and for the following week. Furthermore, the analysis will discuss how the framing of the shooting as a “terror attack” transformed the news coverage into a “news media” media event, abandoning the journalistic norm of critical approach while the media instead became the scene of national mourning.
Microchannel filter for air purification
Authors: Rodriguez Andrade Jonathan , Kussul Ernst , Baydyk Tetyana
Published: July 2020

In this study, we propose a new design for a microchannel filter. The closed indoor environments with which we interact daily are sources of diseases for the respiratory system of human beings. Recommendations for the design of microchannel filters for indoor air purification are proposed, implementing low-cost microequipment technology (MET) for the manufacture of the elements that constitute a microfiltration system. For the microchannel filter production, we proposed to use MET, which is a miniaturization technology and can reduce manufacturing costs. The microchannel filter was 3.75 cm in radius with a thickness of 3 mm. It had a triangular profile and a helical trajectory. It was designed, manufactured, and tested for two profile dimensions. The main purpose was to reduce the pressure drop of the air flow through the filter. We described the air flow simulation for the microchannel filter using SolidWorks. A prototype microchannel filter was constructed, which underwent manufacturing tests. It is possible to clean the microchannel using water flow, which allows us to maintain the filtration quality within an optimum range of contaminant removal.
The potential anti-depressant properties of dexmedetomidine infusion: a review of mechanistic, preclinical, and clinical evidence
Authors: Al-Alawi Mohammed , Brietzke Elisa , Carvalhal Adriana , Soares Claudio N.
Published: July 2020

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent and disabling condition for which the currently available treatments are not fully effective. Existing unmet needs include rapid onset of action and optimal management of concurrent agitation. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a selective and potent α2-adrenergic receptor (α2-AR) agonist, with unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. In this review, we discuss pre-clinical and clinical studies which focused on DEX in the context of its putative antidepressant effects for the management of MDD. Preliminary data support DEX as an antidepressant with fast onset of action, which would be especially helpful for patients experiencing treatment resistant depression, and agitation. We further explore the mechanistic and clinical implications of considering DEX as a putative antidepressant agent, and the next steps to explore the efficacy of low dose DEX infusion among patients with treatment resistant depression.
The discontinuation of the EUR/CHF minimum exchange rate: information from option-implied break probabilities
Authors: Funke Michael , Loermann Julius , Moessner Richhild
Published: July 2020

We derive risk-neutral probability densities for future euro/Swiss franc exchange rates as implied by option prices. We find that the credibility of the Swiss franc floor decreased somewhat as the spot exchange rate approached the lower bound of 1.20 CHF per euro. We also compare the forecasting performance of a random walk benchmark model with an error-correction model (ECM) augmented with option-implied break probabilities of breaching the currency floor. We find some evidence that the augmented ECM has an informational advantage over the random walk when using one-month break probabilities. But we find that one-month option-implied densities cannot predict the entire range of exchange rate realizations.
An analogue of Serre’s conjecture for a ring of distributions
Authors: Sasane Amol
Published: July 2020

The set 𝒜 := 𝔺δ0+ 𝒟+′, obtained by attaching the identity δ0 to the set 𝒟+′ of all distributions on 𝕉 with support contained in (0, ∞), forms an algebra with the operations of addition, convolution, multiplication by complex scalars. It is shown that 𝒜 is a Hermite ring, that is, every finitely generated stably free 𝒜-module is free, or equivalently, every tall left-invertible matrix with entries from 𝒜 can be completed to a square matrix with entries from 𝒜, which is invertible.
Through the Epic Tradition: Speech and Assemblies in Quintus’Posthomerica
Authors: Carvounis Katerina
Published: July 2020

This paper explores how Quintus of Smyrna engages with the Homeric poems and the subsequent epic tradition. The paper discusses two scenes from Quintus’ Posthomerica dealing with the dynamics of speech between individuals and a collective body; the first of these scenes (Posthomerica 6.5–95) is primarily indebted to a scene in Iliad 2, and the second one (Posthomerica 1.403–475) has intriguing parallels in Apollonius’ Argonautica and Vergil’s Aeneid. The overall aim of the paper is to illustrate Quintus’ dialogue with multiple models throughout the epic tradition and to draw attention to the way he shapes these models according to his own poetics.
A critical review on human serum Paraoxonase-1 in the literature: truths and misconceptions
Authors: Mackness Michael , Sozmen Eser Yildirim
Published: July 2020

Human serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) appears to play an important role in the development of a large variety of diseases with an inflammatory component including heart disease, diabetes, rheumatic diseases, neurological diseases and cancer. As such PON1 research is rapidly expanding into new biomedical fields. Unfortunately, this rapid expansion has resulted in a number of problems due to poor experimental design and the spreading of misconceptions in the literature. This review seeks to describe the basic properties of PON1 and the problems and misconceptions that have arisen.
Solidarity in Couple Relationships – A Mixed Methods Approach
Authors: Adams Ayhan , Golsch Katrin , Maiwald Kai-Olaf
Published: July 2020

In family research, there have not yet been many attempts to grasp theoretically and empirically solidarity in couple relationships, a gap that this study addresses combining qualitative and quantitative strategies. One purpose of this article is to develop a theoretical framework to understand solidarity as an overarching structural element of cooperation in couples. We then propose, in the best possible way, a measurement of solidarity to be used in quantitative analysis. To this end, data from the German Family Panel (pairfam, waves 2008–2017) are used in a longitudinal design. We offer an empirical test of our measurement by employing autoregressive cross-lagged analyses with random intercepts (n = 2,588 couples) and establish the cause-and-effect relationship between solidarity and one important dimension of relationship quality, i. e. relationship satisfaction. The results of this analysis lend support to our assumption that couples cooperate on a basic rule of solidarity, having a unidirectional influence on relationship quality.
Diethyl (iodoethynyl)phosphonate and (iodoethynyl)diphenylphosphane oxide: crystal structures and some cycloaddition reactions
Authors: Marian Aline , Maas Gerhard
Published: July 2020

The title compounds are difunctionalized acetylenic building blocks, which can serve as electrophilic dienophiles and dipolarophiles in [4+2] and azide-iodoalkyne [3+2] cycloaddition reactions, which, however, require strong thermal activation. In their crystal structures, they are self-complementary tectons, which are arranged in polymeric chains maintained by very short intermolecular Csp–I···O=P halogen bonds.
Hexanal inhalation affects cognition and anxiety-like behavior in mice
Authors: Ueno Hiroshi , Shimada Atsumi , Suemitsu Shunsuke , Murakami Shinji , Kitamura Naoya , Wani Kenta , Takahashi Yu , Matsumoto Yosuke , Okamoto Motoi , Ishihara Takeshi
Published: July 2020

Hexanal is a 6-carbon aldehyde that smells like green leaves and urine to mammals. However, its physiological effects remain unclear. In particular, the effects of hexanal inhalation on the central nervous system have not been clarified. We investigated hexanal inhalation in mice and conducted a series of behavioral experiments to examine the neuropsychological effects of hexanal. After inhaling hexanal emissions for 30 min, mice were subjected to an open field test, a hot plate test, a grip strength test, an elevated plus maze test, a Y-maze test, a tail suspension test, and a forced swim test to examine the effects of hexanal odor on mouse behavior. Compared to controls, mice that inhaled hexanal exhibited reduced anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze test. In addition, mice that inhaled hexanal displayed significantly improved spatial cognitive ability in the Y-maze test. However, in some behavioral experiments there was no significant difference between control mice and mice that inhaled hexanal. The results of this study suggest that hexanal inhalation causes anxiolytic effects and improves cognitive function in mice. These findings may have implications for safety management procedures and determining the effective use of household goods containing hexanal, though further work is required.
Admissibility to Employ an Academic Teacher on the Basis of a Contract for Specific Work
Authors: Radkiewicz Wojciech
Published: July 2020

The presented study raises the issue of the admissibility of employing academic teachers on a basis other than an employment relationship, in particular based on one of the named civil law contracts, which is a contract for specific work. The author made the determination whether, due to the type of actual activities performed by the academic teacher, including in particular didactic classes, it is permissible to perform these activities on the basis of a result contract characterized by the need to specify the result that should be obtained by the academic teacher. The author’s considerations lead to the conclusion that the legislator allows the possibility of employing academic teachers on the basis of civil law contracts, including contracts for specific work; however, it should be remembered that in each case, before establishing a given legal relationship, the parties should first consider whether the specificity of the contract and the work will correspond to the actual content of the legal relationship between the university and the academic teacher. This is to avoid the situation where the academic teacher later questions that the contracting parties are not actually a work contract but, for example, an employment contract.
El rol femenino en la economía y el evergetismo en época altoimperial
Authors: Acedo Panal María Jesús
Published: July 2020

Durante siglos, la labor socioeconómica llevada a cabo por las mujeres romanas ha sido silenciada mientras se le daba protagonismo a una imagen idílica de matrona dedicada a su hogar, su esposo y sus hijos. El objetivo de este artículo será por un lado el de analizar la participación de las mujeres romanas en dos esferas que, en un principio, podríamos pensar que son exclusivamente masculinas, como es el caso de la economía y del evergetismo, y por el otro lado, el estudio del punto de vista masculino frente a estas mujeres que se salieron de su papel tradicional. Dentro de la época imperial, nos centraremos especialmente en el periodo del alto-imperio, puesto que es la época del apogeo y de la expansión del mundo romano y porque es durante esta donde encontramos la mayor parte de información, especialmente epigráfica, acerca de los temas que nos ocupan, aunque también veremos algunas referencias a otros periodos. Comenzaremos hablando de las mujeres que se involucraron en la esfera económica a través de los negocios, la gestión de las propiedades y el comercio a gran escala. Seguidamente, veremos cómo, a través de los actos evergéticos, consiguieron prestigio e influencia dentro sus ciudades a pesar de no poder intervenir activamente en la política. Para finalizar, examinaremos varios textos de algunos de los literatos más famosos de su época para comprobar cuál era la visión que tenían los varones de este tipo de mujeres y de las libertades económicas de las que estas podían disponer.
Shareholder Activism in der Finanzbranche aus der Perspektive des Aufsichtsrechts
Authors: Döding Karl
Published: July 2020

Während Shareholder Activism bei Unternehmen der Realwirtschaft bereits Gegenstand eines breiten rechtswissenschaftlichen Diskurses ist, blieb die Betrachtung von Kreditinstituten als Ziel aktivistischer Aktionäre bislang unterentwickelt. Aktuelle aktivistische Kampagnen in der Finanzbranche bieten indes Anlass, diesen Aspekt näher zu untersuchen. Der folgende Beitrag betrachtet anhand von Beispielen den Einfluss aktivistischer Aktionäre auf Kreditinstitute, erörtert den Zusammenhang zwischen Shareholder Activism und der Finanzstabilität und beleuchtet und bewertet abschließend aufsichtsrechtliche Schutzmaßnahmen.
Spaudos identiteto problemos Prekių ženklų registre
Authors: Mažylė Jolanta
Published: July 2020

Straipsnio tikslas – apžvelgti periodinių leidinių pavadinimų registravimo prekės ženklų registre situaciją, nustatyti kokios problemos iškyla šioje srityje, pateikti pasiūlymus dėl periodinių leidinių pavadinimų registravimo.Esminiai žodžiai: Visuomenės informavimo įstatymas, Prekių ženklų įstatymas, Valstybinis patentų biuras, periodiniai leidiniai, redakcija, registras, leidybiniai duomenys, uždaroji akcinė bendrovė
Pavojus nuomonės laisvei
Authors: Tyrimai Žurnalistikos
Published: July 2020

Lietuvos žurnalistų sąjungos pirmininkas 2008-08-05 atkreipė visuomenės dėmesį į Seimo valdybos sudarytos darbo grupės pasiūlymą, kurio esmė – apriboti nuomonės reiškimą pataisant Visuomenės informavimo įstatymą.
Learning global journalism: A course on journalism on developing countries in Africa and the Finnish freelance journalism market
Authors: Hujanen Jaana
Published: July 2020

A group of Finnish journalism students travelled to Zambia, Africa in November 2007. The field trip was a culmination for a course in journalism on developing  countries. The starting points reflected the practices and models of the research-based approach to learning. The role of the students was twofold: they were students as well as journalists. The aims were, to deepen the students’ understanding of current issues in developing countries, their visibility and treatment in the media and of actors in development cooperation and to produce journalism on developing countries for the domestic media. In this article, first, the students’ views on what they consider as good  journalism on developing countries, based on the observations they made during their trip, is analysed. Secondly, the students’  experiences on what they learned about journalism practices on developing countries during their writing processes are analysed, and also their observations on the ideals and practices of freelance journalism when selling their own stories. The data analysed includes participant-observation from the field trip in Zambia and qualitative research interviews conducted with the students after the trip. The article highlights the importance of students’ own role in directing their field work, involving goal setting, questioning and self-evaluation of the knowledge gained. It also sheds light on how research and experience-based learning in a developing country and an unfamiliar culture can contribute to a comprehensive way of learning. In this case alternative ideas how issues about developing countries could be evaluated and represented in western local and national media.
Multicultural and multidisciplinary courses in communication online – why on earth?
Authors: Kivimäki Sanna
Published: July 2020

In my article, I reflect the pedagogical challenges and potentials of internationalization, multiculturalism, multidisciplinary and the usage of ICT in higher education. I focus on online courses arranged by the Finnish University Network for Communication Sciences, which has cooperated in arranging multicultural and multidisciplinary online courses for several years. I start by reviewing several recent transition lines in university cultures. Next, I introduce the network’s courses in more detail and discuss the challenges and possibilities of this kind of education. Finally, I argue that despite all the major challenges of multicultural and multidisciplinary online courses, students can learn not merely interesting and current topics but also useful skills needed in both academic and working life. For instance, the ability to meet, recognize and negotiate differences is undoubtedly an essential competence in the globalized world.
Keywords: online courses, higher education, networks, cooperation, multiculturalism,multidisciplinarity.
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