bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konstruksi Sosial Perempuan Menikah Tanpa Anak (Childfree)
Authors: Artanti Vania Kartika
Published: June 2023

This research discusses about the social construction of married women who wish to not having children which was reviewed based on the responses of a discussion initially by Gita Savitri on her Social Media Instagram and gain much popularity since then. The purpose of this study is to find out the social construction of Childfree and the process in individuals who responded to the event. By using qualitative research methods with a phenomenological approach that is able to explain the phenomena, as well as helping writers to understand the point of view of the individual who responds, it can be known all the process and the background of the formation of social constructions to the phenomena discussed. This research was conducted on people who responded directly to Childfree that Gita Savitri made and pointed out on her social media. The data analysis technique used is interactive data analysis by Miles, Huberman, and Saldana which is carried out interactively and lasts continuously until it is complete. The social construction formed by Childfree is divided into two main ideas, namely the acceptance of Childfree as a choice based on women's right to choose, and Childfree rejection for any reason because it opposes the values believed in the majority of today's society as well as culture and religion. It can be concluded that in response to this phenomenon, society is divided into two groups that then lead them to different responses in response to Childfree.
Pengalaman Perempuan dalam Mengakses Pelayanan Kesehatan selama Masa Pandemi COVID-19 di Desa Ampeldento, Kecamatan Pakis, Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Hutaminingsih Ika
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini berupaya menjelaskan aksesibilitas perempuan dalam pelayanan kesehatan pada masa pandemi COVID-19 meliputi tahap pengalaman pada awal kehamilan, kehamilan, persalinan dan perawatan pasca persalinan, dan kontrol pasca persalinan. Negara melakukan berbagai pembatasan kegiatan di masyarakat untuk mencegah penyebaran virus COVID-19 karena dapat beresiko pada kesakitan dan kematian. Salah satu sektor yang terdampak adalah sektor kesehatan. Hal ini berdampak pada ibu dengan keluhan awal kehamilan, kehamilan, bersalin, dan kontrol pasca salin yang perlu memeriksakan kondisi kesehatan sewaktu-waktu di fasilitas kesehatan. Pandemi berbahaya bagi ibu karena ibu hamil, bersalin, dan pasca persalinan mengalami penurunan daya tahan tubuh sehingga mudah terserang virus. Jika ibu tidak bisa mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan yang dibutuhkan maka akan beresiko mengalami kesakitan bahkan kematian.

Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Feminis Epidemiologi dan Health Belief Model sebagai kerangka analisis untuk menjelaskan perilaku kesehatan ibu dalam mengakses pelayanan kesehatan dan alasan ibu untuk tetap mengakses pelayanan kesehatan pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Informan dipilih secara purposive sesuai kriteria yang ditetapkan peneliti. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan Fenomenologi dalam perspektif Maurice Marleau-Ponty.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ibu dapat dengan mudah mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan pada masa pandemi COVID-19 karena tenaga medis tetap menyediakan pelayanan kesehatan tetapi ibu tidak mendapatkan informasi yang memadai mengenai kehamilan dan COVID-19. Ibu tetap mengunjungi fasilitas kesehatan pada awal kehamilan, kehamilan, dan kontrol pasca persalinan karena keluhan yang dirasakan pada tubuh ibu serta anjuran dari tenaga medis. Ibu bergantung kepada tenaga medis karena tenaga medis memiliki pengetahuan atas kesehatan sehingga ibu menyerahkan otoritas tubuhnya kepada medis. Namun, dalam beberapa kesempatan ibu tetap memiliki kemampuan untuk memutuskan tidak mengikuti anjuran medis. Ibu melakukan protokol kesehatan pada setiap tahapan mengunjungi fasilitas kesehatan. Opini dan rentang waktu turut mempengaruhi perilaku kesehatan ibu pada masa pandemi COVID-19.
Influencing Factors to mHealth Uptake With Indigenous Populations: Qualitative Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Goodman Andrew , Mahoney Ray , Spurling Geoffrey , Lawler Sheleigh
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

The advancements and abundance of mobile phones and portable health devices have created an opportunity to use mobile health (mHealth) for population health systems. There is increasing evidence for the feasibility and acceptance of mHealth with Indigenous populations. Providing a synthesis of qualitative findings of mHealth with Indigenous populations will gain insights into the strengths and challenges to mHealth use in Indigenous populations.

OBJECTIVE

This review aimed to identify and synthesize qualitative data pertaining to the experiences and perceptions of mHealth from the perspectives of end users (patients and service providers) living in the colonial settler democracies of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the United States, the Pacific Islands, and the Sápmi region of northern Europe.

METHODS

In May 2021, systematic searches of peer-reviewed, scientific papers were conducted across the 5 databases of PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Qualitative or mixed method studies were included where a mHealth intervention was the primary focus for responding to health challenges with Indigenous populations. Two authors independently screened papers for eligibility and assessed the risk of bias using a modified version of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. A meta-aggregative approach was used to analyze the findings of included studies.

RESULTS

Seventeen papers met the eligibility criteria, 8 studies with patients, 7 studies with service providers, and 2 studies that included both patients and service providers. Studies were conducted in Australia (n=10), Canada (n=2), New Zealand (n=2), Papua New Guinea (n=1), the United States (n=1), and Samoa (n=1). Our interpretation of these qualitative findings shows commonalities between Indigenous patients’ and service providers’ perceptions of mHealth. We summarize our findings in six themes: (1) mHealth literacy, (2) mHealth as a facilitator for connection and support, (3) mHealth content needed to be culturally relevant, (4) mHealth security and confidentiality, (5) mHealth supporting rather than replacing service providers, and (6) workplace and organizational capacity.

CONCLUSIONS

This research suggests that mHealth can meet the needs of both patients and service providers when the mHealth intervention is culturally relevant, accounts for digital and health literacy, incorporates interactive components, is supported by workplaces, fits into health provider workflows, and meets security and confidentiality standards. Future mHealth research with Indigenous populations should partner with key representatives (eg, patients, service providers, and executive leaders) in the mHealth design appropriate to the purpose, people, setting, and delivery.
Seismic Control of a Concrete Bridge with Hybrid Passive Control Devices
Authors: Uniyal Lt Col Mahesh
Published: June 2023

Abstract: This study focuses on the seismic response of a three-span deck slab RCC T-Girder bridge with and without LRB (Lead Rubber Bearing) and in combination with LRB and FVD (Fluid Viscous Damper). The bridge is subjected to AASHTO, IRC design standards, and IRC Class A vehicle load. Linear time history analysis using CsiBridge and SAPfire is conducted to assess the bridge's seismic behavior. Excessive deck displacement, which can lead to deck failure and bridge closure, is a key concern. The study utilizes finite element analysis with Csibridge and incorporates viscous dampers throughout the bridge. The findings show that the presence of supplemental dampers significantly reduces pier top displacements. Base shear, deck displacement, pier response, and structural time period are the primary response parameters examined. The effectiveness of different isolation system configurations is compared to the non-isolated bridge in terms of these response characteristics. The study offers suggestions for design improvements to enhance the structure's performance.
Investigation and Analysis on Energy Efficient Stable Election Protocol (SEP) for WSN
Authors: Phogaat Sangeeta
Published: June 2023

Abstract: We study the impact of heterogeneity of nodes, in terms of their energy, in wireless sensor networks that are hierarchically clustered. In these networks some of the nodes become cluster heads, aggregate the data of their cluster members and transmit it to the sink. We assume that a percentage of the population of sensor nodes is equipped with additional energy resources—this is a source of heterogeneity which may result from the initial setting or as the operation of the network evolves. We propose SEP, a heterogeneous-aware protocol to prolong the time interval before the death of the first node (we refer to as stability period), which is crucial for many applications where the feedback from the sensor network must be reliable. SEP is based on weighted election probabilities of each node to become cluster head according to the remaining energy in each node. We show by simulation that SEP always prolongs the stability period compared to (and that the average throughput is greater than) the one obtained using current clustering protocols. We conclude by studying the sensitivity of our SEP protocol to heterogeneity parameters capturing energy imbalance in the network. We found that SEP yields longer stability region for higher values of extra energy brought by more powerful nodes. Sensor nodes usually have limited energy supply and they are impractical to recharge. How to balance traffic load in sensors in order to increase network lifetime is a very challenging research issue. Many clustering algorithms have been proposed recently for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The use of mobile sinks has been shown to be an effective technique to enhance network performance features such as latency, energy efficiency, network lifetime, etc. In this paper, a modified Stable Election Protocol (SEP), which employs a mobile sink, has been proposed for WSNs with non-uniform node distribution. The decision of selecting cluster heads by the sink is based on the minimization of the associated additional energy and residual energy at each node. Besides, the cluster head selects the shortest path to reach the sink between the direct approach and the indirect approach with the use of the nearest cluster head. Simulation results demonstrate that our algorithm has better performance than traditional routing algorithms, such as LEACH and SEP.
Autonomous UAV Swarms: Powering Up with AI
Authors: Banarse Onasvee
Published: June 2023

Abstract: This study offers a thorough analysis of autonomous UAV swarming, focusing on its merits, important technologies, applications, difficulties, and prospects for the future. The idea of autonomous UAV swarming entails the coordination and decentralised cooperation of several UAVs to accomplish common objectives. The foundations of UAV swarming are thoroughly covered, including its essential ideas, advantages, architectures, and swarm behaviour. We emphasise the role of artificial intelligence (AI), more especially reinforcement learning (RL) and particle swarm optimisation (PSO), in promoting thoughtful decision-making, task allocation, and coordination within UAV swarms. The study examines the many uses of autonomous UAV swarming in fields including infrastructure inspection, search and rescue, agriculture, and disaster response. It also discusses UAV swarming's difficulties and restrictions, such as scalability, communication, fault tolerance, and ethical issues. In addition to standardisation initiatives, the study suggests future research possibilities for swarm intelligence, edge computing, cognitive capacities, and human swarm interaction.
Performance Evaluation and Comparative Analysis of Several Machine Learning Classification Techniques Using a Data-driven Approach in Predicting Renal Failure
Authors: R P Prawin
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Renal failure is characterized by progressive kidney function loss over time. It is a serious medical condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is caused by the inability of the kidneys to properly filter waste and excess fluids from the blood. Renal failure can be a consequence of chronic kidney disease. Chronic kidney disease is a long-term condition that causes the kidneys to gradually lose function over time. If chronic kidney disease is not adequately managed, the kidney’s function may continue to decline, leading to renal failure. It is essential to monitor and manage chronic kidney disease to prevent renal failure from developing. This research paper presents an approach for predicting renal failure using several machine-learning classification techniques. The study evaluates the performance of various classifiers such as Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, Extreme Gradient Boosting, Logistic Regression, and Support Vector Machines using various evaluation metrics. The performance of these classifiers is evaluated using various metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. This proposed method can be useful for early diagnosis and treatment of renal failure, thus reducing the complications and costs associated with the disease. By comparing and evaluating the performance of these models, we aim to identify the most effective approach for predicting renal failure and provide valuable insights for clinical practice.
Analisis Kesiapsiagaan Struktural dalam Menghadapi Bencana Berdasarkan Hospital Safety Index
Authors: Yenni Ririn Afrima , Novrikasari  , Windusari Yuanita
Published: June 2023

ABSTRAK

Lembaga kesehatan, seperti rumah sakit harus siap menghadapi bencana sebagai dasar untuk layanan perawatan kesehatan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesiapsiagaan struktural rumah sakit dalam menghadapi bencana berdasarkan Hospital Safety Index. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian mix methods dengan jenis sequential explanatory design. Informan kunci terdiri dari empat orang yaitu Staf Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja dan Staf Instalasi Pemeliharaan Sarana Non-Medik (IPSNM). Informan triangulasi yaitu Komite Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja. Kesiapsiagaan struktural RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin berdasarkan Hospital Safety Index sebesar 0,75. Wawancara mendalam menunjukkan bahwa anggaran dana, serta fokus rumah sakit dalam tahap peningkatan pelayanan kesehatan sebagai faktor penghambat untuk meningkatkan kesiapsiagaan struktural. Disarankan untuk terus meningkatkan tingkat keamanan dan kapasitas penanganan darurat dan manajemen bencana.

Kata Kunci: Kesiapsiagaan Bencana, Rumah Sakit, Hospital Safety Index
Faktor Risiko Gender, Outdoor Work, Dan Trauma Mata Dengan Kejadian Katarak
Authors: Harun Herlinda Mahdania
Published: June 2023

ABSTRAK

Kesehatan mata penting bagi manusia sebagai informasi visual, tetapi seringkali tidak diperhatikan. Jumlahkebutaan dan gangguan penglihatan terbesar di dunia adalah katarak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui risiko gender, outdoor work, dan trauma mata terhadap kejadian katarak di Balai Kesehatan Mata Masyarakat Kota Makassar. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 2 bulan pada Maret-Mei 2017 dengan menggunakan desain penelitian case control. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara sistematik random sampling. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 150 responden berusia â‰¥ 40 tahun dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi yang terdiri dari 75 kasus katarak dan 75 kontrol. Data dianalisis dengan ukuran Odds Ratio. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa faktor yang signifikan berisiko terhadap kejadian katarak, yaitu outdoor work (OR=3,5, 95%CI:1,76-6,95), dan riwayat trauma mata (OR=3,8, 95%CI:1,31-10,98) dan jenis kelamin perempuan adalah faktor protektif terhadap kejadian katarak (OR=0,4; 95%CI:0,18-0,68). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah riwayat trauma mata dan outdoor work merupakan faktor signifikan berisiko terhadap kejadian katarak.

Kata kunci: Gender, outdoor work, trauma mata
Penerimaan Vaksinasi Covid-19 Pada Ibu Hamil Tahun 2022 di Kota Depok
Authors: Putri S Annisa , Asyulia Rora , Alfiandary Amalia Ratna , Sinaga Meidina , Ayuni Imas Qurrata , Nilantini Nendy Anora , Meutia Liza , Bandur Paskalinda , Pratomo Hadi
Published: June 2023

ABSTRAK
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) adalah penyebab jenis penyakit menularCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Sampai Juni 2022, dari 208.265.720 total target vaksinasi, 95,16% telahmenerima vaksin dosis 1; 78,15% menerima dosis 2, dan 14,86% menerima dosis 3 atau booster. Tujuanpenelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji lebih dalam penerimaan ibu hamil di Kota Depok dalam menerima vaksinasiCOVID-19. Metode penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif lapangandengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis. Hasil penelitian ini berdasarkan wawancara mendalam yang dilakukan timpeneliti dengan 7 informan, ditemukan salah satu informan yang berpendapat bahwa ibu hamil tidak wajibmendapatkan vaksin COVID-19 karena menimbulkan efek samping bagi sebagian orang. Empat di antaranyamenyebutkan bahwa vaksin COVID-19 wajib untuk melindungi ibu dan janin dari virus COVID-19. Duadiantaranya menyatakan kewajiban vaksinasi COVID-19 bagi ibu hamil bergantung pada kondisi kesehatan ibu.Terdapat perbedaan persepsi penerimaan vaksin antar informan. Diterimanya vaksinasi COVID-19 informandikarenakan kebutuhan: 1) administrasi; 2) kesadaran; 3) bekerja.
Kata Kunci: COVID-19, Penerimaan Vaksin, Ibu Hamil
A river runs through it: Causal graphs capture rivers’ complex control on the genetic structure of populations
Authors: Maag Garett , Stokes Maya , Dolby Greer
Published: June 2023

Earth’s physiographic features shape the genetic evolution of organisms.
Understanding the conditions under which such features act as barriers
to gene flow requires quantifying and articulating the features of both
the barrier and the organism(s). Many such physiographic features,
however, have known interdependencies that are not expressed through
common multivariate statistics. Here, we evaluate the use of directed
acyclic (causal) graphs and structural equation modeling (SEM) to
articulate and test these relationships. We chose the longstanding and
contested Riverine Barrier Hypothesis as a test-case using 28
river-spanning population genomic datasets of plants and animals
associated with 25 rivers across the contiguous United States; data were
paired with seasonality, river width, and river discharge data for those
rivers. SEMs revealed insights that could not be captured by traditional
non-structured multivariate statistics. Discharge had the greatest
direct effect on low-dispersing species. However, discharge has
negative, indirect effects on other river features making its total
effect on population differentiation negligible. River width was
important for low dispersers, but surprisingly, narrower rivers were
associated with higher Fst—this may be due to the association of
higher topography with narrower (e.g., headland) parts of rivers. Or,
wide lowland rivers may be more dynamic and facilitate dispersal more
than highland rivers. Therefore, topography or landscape history and not
wetted river area may determine barrier efficacy. This proof of concept
shows the utility of causal graphs and SEM at articulating and testing
complex relationships between Earth’s physiographic features and the
organisms that evolve with them.
Whole-genome resequencing identifies selection signatures during Hu sheep domestication and adaptation
Authors: Zhao liming , Yuan Lvfeng , Li Fadi , Zhang xiaoxue , Ma zongwu , Zhang Deyin , Zhang Yukun , Zhao Yuan , Li Xiaolong , Cheng Jiangbo , Xu Dan , Yang Xiaobin , Weng Xiuxiu , Wang Weimin
Published: June 2023

The phenotypic diversity resulting from the domestication of sheep has
made a significant contribution to human civilization. Hu sheep are a
local sheep breed unique to China. Here, we conducted whole-genome
sequencing of 207 Hu sheep and compared them with the wild ancestors of
domestic sheep (Asian mouflon) to investigate the sheep’s genetic
characteristics and selection signatures. Based on six signatures of
selection approaches, we detected genomic regions containing genes
related to reproduction (BMPR1B, BMP2, PGFS, CYP19, CAMK4, GGT5, and
GNAQ), vision (ALDH1A2, SAG, and PDE6B), nervous system (NAV1), and
immune response (GPR35, SH2B2, PIK3R3, and HRAS), which could
potentially be a target relevant to the domestication and selection of
Hu sheep. Association analysis revealed that missense mutations in the
GPR35 (GPR35 g.952651 A>G; GPR35 g.952496 C>T)
and NAV1 (NAV1 g.84216190 C>T; NAV1 g.84227412
G>A) genes were significantly associated (P <
0.05) with immune and growth traits in Hu sheep populations,
respectively. This research offers novel insights into Hu sheep
selection characteristics during domestication and facilitates further
genetic improvement and molecular investigations.
Newly identified adverse events to gemcitabine using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Yuhong , Jiang Xin , Zhao Hu , Jia Xinli , Wang Qiye , Chen Yue , Jiang Yuanfang , Ma Zhifang , Chang Lina , Wang Xin
Published: June 2023

Background: The purpose of our research was to discover the adverse
events (AEs) not mentioned in the previous y drug instructions after
using gemcitabine, so as to guide clinical medication. Methods: The Food
and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database
was utilized to retrieve AEs associated with the use of gemcitabine up
to 2023. Four methods were used to detect new signals of adverse drug
reactions（Reporting Odds Ratio, Proportional Reporting Ratio, Bayesian
Confidence Propagation Neural Network, and Empirical Bayesian Geometric
Mean）. AEs were considered positive signals only if they were detected
by all four algorithms. Results: Between 2014 and 2023, 14,905
individuals experienced 42,360 AEs following the use of gemcitabine.
totaling 437 preferred terms (PTs) distributed across 20 system organ
classes (SOCs). We focused on AEs that were either not mentioned or
mentioned less frequently in SOCs related to eye diseases, the nervous
system, and the ear and labyrinth. After the administration of
gemcitabine, patients exhibited retinopathy (Case number: 28), Purtscher
retinopathy (Case number: 10), choroidal effusion (Case number: 9),
amaurosis (Case number: 9), cystoid macular edema (Case number: 8), and
other ocular organ system-related AEs. In terms of the nervous system,
peripheral neuropathy (Case number: 363), neurotoxicity (Case number:
117), polyneuropathy (Case number: 92), and other neurologic AEs were
observed. Furthermore, in the ear and labyrinth, ototoxicity (Case
number: 9) was reported. Conclusion: Our study identified previously
undetected AEs following treatment with gemcitabine, which may provide
new insights for future medication guidance.
Comprehensive metabolite profiling of trimetazidine in camels using high-Resolution accurate mass Spectrometry: implications for doping control
Authors: Nalakath Jahfar , T Rasik P , kadry Ahmed , Palathinkal Ansar Babu , Komathu Praseen Ondern , NELLIYOTT IBRAHIMWASEEM , Hebel Christiana , N Selvapalam , R Nagarajan E
Published: June 2023

Rationale: Trimetazidine and its metabolites are prohibited
substances in sports. With a growing number of adverse findings in human
athletes, it is crucial to develop doping control strategies that
include screening for trimetazidine in animal sports. This study aims to
detect and characterize trimetazidine and its metabolites for doping
control in camel racing. Methods: Camel urine and plasma
samples were collected from four healthy animals following a single oral
dose of trimetazidine. invitro studies utilized camel liver cells.
Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE)
techniques were employed for the extraction of trimetazidine metabolites
from plasma and urine matrices, the metabolites were analyzed using a
thermo Orbitrap exploris LCMS system with optimized settings to achieve
maximum sensitivity and accurate mass measurements. Results:
Comprehensive metabolite profiling of trimetazidine in camels revealed
the identification of seven phase I and five phase II metabolites. Phase
I metabolites were primarily formed through delakylation, while phase II
metabolites were dominated by glucuronide conjugation of demethylated
trimetazidine. The findings provided insights into the distinct
metabolic pathways and biotransformation patterns of trimetazidine in
camels under the experimental conditions. Conclusion: The
developed method enables detection and characterization of trimetazidine
and its metabolites in camels. The identified metabolites have the
potential to serve as biomarkers for trimetazidine abuse in camel racing
.this study provides valuable insights into the metabolism of
trimetazidine in camels.
189-LB: LDL Cholesterol Reduction and Cardiovascular Outcomes in High-Risk Primary Prevention Patients
Authors: NISSEN STEVEN , THE CLEAR OUTCOMES TRIAL INVESTIGATORS FOR
Published: June 2023

Background: Current guidelines recommend reducing LDL cholesterol in patients at high risk for a first major adverse cardiovascular event (primary prevention). However, these recommendations are predominately based on clinical trials conducted many years ago. Most contemporary trials of LDL-cholesterol lowering therapies have enrolled only secondary prevention patients. Some authorities have questioned whether the benefits of cholesterol lowering exceed the harms in primary prevention patients. Currently, lipid-lowering therapies are underutilized in high-risk patients without a prior event, particularly in women and patients with diabetes. More than half of eligible patients are not currently receiving LDL-cholesterol lowering therapies.

Methods: The CLEAR Outcomes trial reported cardiovascular outcomes for bempedoic acid treatment compared with placebo in a mixed population of primary and secondary prevention patients unable or unwilling to take guideline-recommended doses of statins (N=13,970). The primary end point was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), nonfatal stroke, or coronary revascularization. The results of the CLEAR OUTCOMES trial were presented and simultaneously published in the NEJM on March 4. The hazard ratio for the primary end point for the full population was 0.87 (95% CI 0.79-0.96), P=0.004.

Results: In the CLEAR Outcomes trial, 4206 patients (30%) met high risk primary prevention entry criteria, two thirds with diabetes. The HR in these primary prevention patients was lower than the HR for secondary prevention patients, 0.68 (95% CI 0.53-0.87), with a significant interaction P value (0.03). The current Late Breaking Trial will report detailed results for the primary and all key secondary endpoints for the 4206 patients enrolled based on high risk primary prevention criteria. Full results will be available in mid-April for simultaneous presentation and publication during the ADA meeting.

Disclosure

S. Nissen: Research Support; Eli Lilly and Company, AbbVie Inc., AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, ESPERION Therapeutics, Inc., New Amsterdam Pharma, Novartis, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Silence Therapeutics. For the clear outcomes trial investigators: n/a.

Funding

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K23HL153774 to J.E.T.); University of Toronto (to B.R.S.)
Type 2 Diabetes Polygenic Score Predicts the Risk of Glucocorticoid-Induced Hyperglycemia in Patients Without Diabetes
Authors: J. Deutsch Aaron , H. Schroeder Philip , Mandla Ravi , Kang Sarah , Erenler Feyza , M. Mercader Josep , S. Udler Miriam , C. Florez Jose , N. Brenner Laura
Published: June 2023

  

Objective: To assess whether increased genetic risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with the development of hyperglycemia after glucocorticoid treatment. 

Research Design and Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of individuals with no diagnosis of diabetes who received a glucocorticoid dose equivalent to 10 mg of prednisone or more. We analyzed the association between hyperglycemia and a T2D global extended polygenic score, which was constructed through a meta-analysis of two published genome-wide association studies. 

Results: Out of 546 individuals who received glucocorticoids, 210 developed hyperglycemia and 336 did not. The polygenic score was significantly associated with glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia (p = 0.038, OR = 1.4 per standard deviation of the polygenic score). 

 Conclusions: Individuals with increased genetic risk for T2D have a higher risk of glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia. This finding offers a mechanism for risk stratification as part of a precision approach to medical treatment.
Effect of Acidic Beverages on the Hardness, Elastic Modulus and Wear Resistance of Giomer and Nongiomer Bulk-fill Materials
Authors: Batu Eken Z , Miyajima H , Bedair E , Gunal S , Ucok M , Ozer F
Published: June 2023

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of acidic beverages on the hardness, elastic modulus, and wear resistance of four different resin-based restorative materials.

Methods and Materials:

A total of 128 specimens (10 mm diameter, 4 mm thickness) were prepared from a conventional resin composite (Filtek Z250 [Z250]), a giomer bulk-fill (Beautifil Bulk Restorative [BBR]) and two nongiomer bulk-fill materials (Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill [TNC] and SonicFill 2 [SF2]). Each material group was divided into four subgroups (n=8) according to the storage media: artificial saliva (control), orange juice, regular Coke, and sports drink. The experimental specimens were immersed in the solutions for 30 minutes, five times a day for 5 days and kept in artificial saliva for an hour between the immersion periods. Control specimens were stored in artificial saliva for 5 days. The nanoindentation test with a Berkovich diamond tip was used to determine the hardness and elastic modulus before and after the 5-day storage periods. Following the nanoindentation tests, the specimens were subjected to a chewing simulator for 120,000 cycles. The specimens were then scanned with a three-dimensional scanner. The wear resistance was analyzed by measuring the volume and height loss. Specimens were observed by environmental scanning electron microscopy. The statistical analyses were performed by analysis of variance, Tukey HDS test, and paired samples t-test (α=0.05).

Results:

Z250 showed significantly higher elastic modulus in all groups (p<0.05). After erosive cycles, the greatest decrease in hardness and elastic modulus was observed for BBR. TNC showed higher wear resistance than the other resin-based materials (p<0.05). The BBR specimens immersed in acidic solutions showed higher wear rates than the artificial saliva group (p<0.05).

Conclusions:

Conventional resin composite showed higher hardness and elastic modulus than bulk-fill materials when exposed to acidic beverages but comparable or lower wear resistance. Degradation due to acidic beverages most affected the mechanical properties of giomer bulk-fill.
Marginal and Internal Gaps, Surface Roughness and Fracture Resistance of Provisional Crowns Fabricated With 3D Printing and Milling Systems
Authors: Al-Wahadni A , Abu Rashed BO , Al-Fodeh R , Tabanjah A , Hatamleh M
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

To compare the marginal and internal gap, surface roughness, fracture resistance and mode of failure of provisional crowns fabricated with 3D printing and CAD/CAM manufacturing techniques. Methods and Materials: A maxillary first premolar was prepared for an all-ceramic crown and reproduced in cobalt-chromium metal dies (n=30) following CAD/CAM technology. The die was digitally scanned and exocad software was used to design the missing crown, which was manufactured using a CAM milling machine and two types of 3D printing machines (SLA and DLP) to produce 10 provisional crowns per group. The crowns were cemented to their respective dies and stored in water (24 hours; 37°C) followed by 600 thermal cycles (5°C/55°C) and 100,000 mechanical cycles (at 50N). Marginal and internal gap measurements were carried out using a 3D superimposition technique. Surface roughness (Ra) was determined using a profilometer at 0.5 mm/ second cross-head speed. The crowns were loaded to fracture at 0.5 mm/minute cross-head speed. Fracture forces and mode of failure were recorded, and data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparisons post hoc tests (p<0.05).

Results:

The SLA group exhibited higher marginal and internal gaps than both the CAD/CAM and DLP groups (p<0.05). The DLP group showed higher surface roughness than the CAD/CAM and SLA groups (p<0.01). The CAD/CAM and SLA groups showed higher resistance to fracture than the DLP (p<0.05) group. Mode of failure I: Minimal crown fracture or crack, was predominate among DLP and SLA crowns (60%), while the Mode II: Less than half of the crown lost, was predominant among CAD/CAM crowns (60%).

Conclusions:

Crowns manufactured following CAD/CAM technique have better marginal and internal fit, surface roughness than SLA and DLP crowns. The CAD/CAM and SLA crowns showed higher resistance to fracture than the DLP crowns.
Optimization of the technique for manufacturing the osteoplastic material based on type 1 human collagen and allogeneic bone chips
Authors: Ofitserov A. A. , Makarov M. S. , Storozheva M. V. , Borovkova N. V. , Ponomarev I. N.
Published: June 2023

Introduction. Biological grafts, including bone chips and collagen, are supposed to be promising in the treatment of bone tissue treatment. Nevertheless, manufacturing of these grafts still needs to be standardized. Aim. To optimize methodology of osteoplastic material production, based on allogenic 1 type collagen and bone chips. Material and methods. Osteoplastic material grafts were produced, using with allogeneic bone chips 180-800 µm and type 1 collagen solution in acidic acid. We studied total integrity of graft, collagen quality, morphofunctional properties of line M-22 human cells interacting with different type of osteoplastic material grafts. Results. Procedures for manufacturing the osteoplastic material did not significantly affect the quality of collagen in its composition, while lyophilized grafts had pronounced acidogenic and toxic effects in cell culture. Soaking osteoplastic material in isotonic solution for 30 min or longer increased its biocompatibility in vitro. Adhesion properties of osteoplastic material widely varied depending on collagen concentration and bone chips size. Conclusion. Osteoplastic material prepared with allogeneic bone chips of 180–800 µm and collagen solution in acidic acid had pronounced acidogenic and toxic effects in vitro that could be considerably reduced by soaking in isotonic solution. Varying the collagen concentration and the size of bone chips one could produce biocompatible osteoplastic material grafts with high and low adhesion properties.
Results of studying the diabetic retinopathy course in potential kidney and pancreatic recipients while on hemodialysis
Authors: Vorobyeva I. V. , Bulava E. V. , Balkarov A. G. , Dmitriev I. V.
Published: June 2023

Introduction. Kidney and pancreas transplantation is a surgical method for the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus and terminal diabetic nephropathy. While waiting for surgical treatment, potential recipients receive maintenance hemodialysis. Dialysis initiates the loss of body fluid, which in turn can affect the state of the intraocular structures. Aim. To study the effect of long-term hemodialysis therapy on ophthalmic parameters in patients with terminal diabetic nephropathy. Material and methods. Sixty patients (120 eyes) were examined: group A included 30 patients with end-stage renal failure as a result of diabetic nephropathy, group B included 30 people without systemic and ocular pathologies. The ophthalmological status of group A was assessed at the stage of planned preparation for renal replacement therapy, at 3 and 6 months after the initiation of dialysis. Ophthalmological examination consisted of the use of traditional and special diagnostic methods (microperimetry, photorecording of the fundus, optical coherence tomography angiography). Results. Within 6 months of hemodialysis courses, the following was recorded: a decrease in the thickness of the retina (Me: from 348.5 to 306.1 µm; p <0.05) and choroid (Me: from 330.3 to 294.9 µm; p <0.05), the improvement of retinal perfusion in eyes with diabetic macular edema (Me in the superficial capillary plexus: from 10.6 to 15.8% in the fovea, from 19.7 to 25.4% in the parafovea; in the deep capillary plexus: from 15.4 to 20.9% in the fovea, from 27.5 to 33.5% in the parafovea; p <0.05), a decrease in choroidal hemoperfusion (Me in the layer of choriocapillaries: from 59.0 to 54.2% in the fovea, from 59.3 to 54.7% in the parafovea; in the deep layer of the choroids: from 55.5 to 50.7% in the fovea, from 55.3 to 50.7% in the parafovea; p<0.05),an improvement in retinal photosensitivity (Me: from 16.7 to 20.3 dB in eyes with diabetic macular edema; from 21.1 to 24.2 dB in eyes without diabetic macular edema; p<0.05) and increased visual acuity in eyes with macular edema (Me: 0.1 to 0.3; p<0.05). Conclusions. Against the background of maintenance hemodialysis hemodialysis in patients with terminal diabetic nephropathy, along with a decrease in hyperazotemia, there is an improvement in architectonics, hemodynamics of the retina and visual functions.
Experience in the treatment of a primary infected kidney transplant
Authors: Khubutiya M. Sh. , Lonshakov D. V. , Balkarov A. G. , Anisimov Yu. A. , Shmarina N. V. , Zagorodnikova N. V. , Aleksandrova V. O. , Dmitriev I. V.
Published: June 2023

Introduction. Infectious complications contribute to a significant decrease in graft and recipient survival rates. The article describes a case report of transplantation of the primary infected kidney transplant. Material and methods. A 33-year-old patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal disease underwent kidney transplantation. The deceased donor was a 46-year-old man with a confirmed brain death as a result of acute cerebrovascular accident. Results. The early postoperative period was complicated by the development of primary infection of kidney transplant. Despite the ongoing treatment aimed at preserving the transplant, we had to remove it in order to prevent the development of further complications. Conclusion. Kidney transplantation improves the quality of life of patients with end-stage renal disease. In case of uncontrolled course of the infectious process after primary infected graft transplantation, it is necessary to perform transplantectomy in a timely manner in order to save the recipient’s life, since the graft itself is the source of infection.
Public service announcement as a tool for building trust in organ donation
Authors: Anisimov A. A. , Abdullina A. R. , Raimova A. T. , Anisimov Yu. A.
Published: June 2023

Rationale. In developed countries, public service announcement has long been a universal tool for diagnosing and correcting social behavior, including the donor activity increase. Considering the existing organ donation popularization inertia in Russia, the review of positive foreign public service announcement examples has a high scientific and practical relevance. Aim. To study the world examples of organ donation public service announcement. Material and methods. We reviewed public service announcement products of donor organizations from Spain, Portugal, Italy, the Vatican, Belgium, Argentina, Brazil, France, Germany, Singapore, and Japan. We assessed the popularization of organ donation in Russia and highlighted the ways for its improvement. Conclusion. Organ donation public service announcement are widely used both in "Opt In" and "Opt Out" countries and have a high potential for forming a positive public opinion in the Russian Federation. In Russia, the activities aimed at promoting organ donation are insufficient, there is a need to scale it up. In this regard, independent non-profit organizations with the necessary professional staff and marketing competencies can be considered as reliable partners for the government in conducting educational work on organ donation, in particular, in the public service announcement implementation.
Bacterial complications after liver transplantation. Promising directions for further research
Authors: Salimov U. R. , Shcherba A. E. , Rummo O. O.
Published: June 2023

This article is presented in form of a current literature review on bacterial complications of the early post-liver transplantation period and promising areas for studying the effect of bacterial flora in patients after liver transplantation. The paper describes the problem of the emergence, spread, and pathogenesis of various bacterial complications, as well as current concepts of various bacterial complication’s impact on the results of liver transplantation. The results of ventilatorassociated pneumonia in patients after liver transplantation are given. A theoretical analysis of bacterial complications from the standpoint of microbiota effects on the biliary tree was carried out. The review also highlights a relatively new conceptual approach in examining the results of scientific research using the "Machine Learning Method”. The so-called CDC “Big Four” was chosen as the main infectious nomenclature in this article. However, catheter-associated bacterial complications, which pathogenesis has been sufficiently studied to date, have been replaced by a relatively new group of complications – bacteriobilia. This review also contains a brief statistical data collected in the frames of the NCT04281797 study. Own cohort data consisted of 57 patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation from a post-mortem donor. Surgical site infection was the most common bacterial complication of the early postoperative period. The most common causative agent of bacterial infection was Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterococcus.
Academician B.V. Petrovsky: cultural heritage, historical memory
Authors: Kotenko K. V. , Khubutiya M. Sh. , Kabanova S. A. , Goldfarb Yu. S.
Published: June 2023

In 2023, the medical community of Russia is celebrating two closely related significant historical events. They are the 115th anniversary from the birth of B.V. Petrovsky, an outstanding personality in Russian medicine, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the 60th anniversary from the foundation of Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery.The article presents little-known materials related to the cultural heritage of B.V. Petrovsky and keeping the historical memory of him. The paper esteems B.V. Petrovsky's activity as the founder of the Russian Scientific Center for Surgery and a reformer of higher medical education.
Phenomenon of Demikhov. At N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute (1960–1986). V.P. Demikhov and his experiments in the field of organ transplantation in 1971–1972
Authors: Glyantsev S. P. , Shabunts Yu. A.
Published: June 2023

Having reviewed the archival documents, we enlightened the results of research performed by V.P. Demikhov and the employees of the Organ Transplantation Laboratory at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute, as well as V.P. Demikhov’s life and work in 1971–1972. During those years he continued to conduct the research required, as he believed, for practical healthcare. In 1971, together with M.M. Razgulov, he proposed a method for connecting blood vessels, a method for transplanting an upper limb together with a scapula, repeated experiments previously carried out on dogs, on human corpses (revitalization of a cadaveric heart, monitoring its activity using electrocardiography, implanting an additional heart into the cadaver’s chest in order to implement the technique in clinic for the treatment of heart failure), presented the results of his research at the X International Congress on Cardiovascular Diseases. We have also shown that in 1971–1972 V.P. Demikhov performed 76 experimental interventions, most of which were aimed at the development of a technique for transplanting an isolated cardiopulmonary complex and heart, as well as the technique for their revitalization. It should be noted that all the methods of organ transplantation developed by him were intended for implementation in clinic. However, no method was introduced into clinic during his lifetime. The fact is that the studies of V.P. Demikhov in the field of organ transplantation could not be adequately supplied from the material, technical and economic point, since they did not correspond to the main trends of the scientific and practical activities of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute – to improve the organizing system of rendering an emergency and urgent care to the population of Moscow in acute diseases and injuries.
Contracts and Outsourcing in the Housekeeping Department
Authors: Jayanti Jayanti
Published: June 2023

Outsourcing is a conscious business decision to move internal work to external specialist providers. Hiring skilled and reliable housekeeping personnel requires a detailed hiring function and related managing resources. Using a third party, who can cater to the staffing needs of the business, will save a hotel the time required for recruiting, training, and managing the other human resource related tasks. This will allow the hotel housekeeping management to focus on their core goals and objectives, which are maintaining cleanliness standards, ensuring utmost guest satisfaction by meeting and exceeding guest needs.
Wireless Power System for Video Capsule Endoscopes: Design, Development, Implementation, and Analysis
Authors: Mamun Abdullah A. , Alam Mohammed. N. , Islam Ifran , Hassan Parvess , Hany Umma
Published: June 2023

A tiny capsule called a Video Capsule Endoscope (VCE) is used to diagnose gastrointestinal illnesses. It is a swallowable capsule with a built-in camera, power source, and light source. The inner lining of the small intestine is photographed by the capsule. This area of the intestine is inaccessible to conventional upper endoscopy and colonoscopy. With the help of this technique, polyps, Crohn's disease, ulcers, and small intestine malignancies can all be identified. This capsule's battery life is its main drawback. The typical battery life is 7-8 hours; however, our minimal digestion takes roughly 12 hours. This paper offers a solution to the issue of the power deficit. We use a wireless means to power the VCE following our method. The VCE's electronic components consume about 100mW of power. Inductive magnetic coupling is used, in which the transmitting circuit generates a magnetic field, and the receiving circuit, located inside the VCE, receives AC power by electromagnetic induction. The AC power is changed into DC power, which provides the VCE with the energy required to complete the process.