bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE PAN-STARRS1 DISTANT z > 5.6 QUASAR SURVEY: MORE THAN 100 QUASARS WITHIN THE FIRST GYR OF THE UNIVERSE
Authors: Bañados E. , Venemans B. P. , Decarli R. , Farina E. P. , Mazzucchelli C. , Walter F. , Fan X. , Stern D. , Schlafly E. , Chambers K. C. , Rix H-W. , Jiang L. , McGreer I. , Simcoe R. , Wang F. , Yang J. , Morganson E. , Rosa G. De , Greiner J. , Baloković M. , Burgett W. S. , Cooper T. , Draper P. W. , Flewelling H. , Hodapp K. W. , Jun H. D. , Kaiser N. , Kudritzki R.-P. , Magnier E. A. , Metcalfe N. , Miller D. , Schindler J.-T. , Tonry J. L. , Wainscoat R. J. , Waters C. , Yang Q.
Published: November 2016

Luminous quasars at

can be studied in detail with the current generation of telescopes and provide us with unique information on the first gigayear of the universe. Thus far, these studies have been statistically limited by the number of quasars known at these redshifts. Such quasars are rare, and therefore, wide-field surveys are required to identify them, and multiwavelength data are required to separate them efficiently from their main contaminants, the far more numerous cool dwarfs. In this paper, we update and extend the selection for the

quasars presented in Bañados et al. (2014) using the Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) survey. We present the PS1 distant quasar sample, which currently consists of 124 quasars in the redshift range

that satisfy our selection criteria. Of these quasars, 77 have been discovered with PS1, and 63 of them are newly identified in this paper. We present the composite spectra of the PS1 distant quasar sample. This sample spans a factor of ∼20 in luminosity and shows a variety of emission line properties. The number of quasars at

presented in this work almost doubles the previously known quasars at these redshifts, marking a transition phase from studies of individual sources to statistical studies of the high-redshift quasar population, which was impossible with earlier, smaller samples.
HERUS: A CO ATLAS FROM SPIRE SPECTROSCOPY OF LOCAL ULIRGs
Authors: Pearson Chris , Rigopoulou Dimitra , Hurley Peter , Farrah Duncan , Afonso Jose , Bernard-Salas Jeronimo , Borys Colin , Clements David L. , Cormier Diane , Efstathiou Andreas , Gonzalez-Alfonso Eduardo , Lebouteiller Vianney , Spoon Henrik
Published: November 2016

We present the Herschel SPIRE Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FTS) atlas for a complete flux-limited sample of local ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) as part of the HERschel Ultra Luminous InfraRed Galaxy Survey (HERUS). The data reduction is described in detail and was optimized for faint FTS sources ,with particular care being taken for the subtraction of the background, which dominates the continuum shape of the spectra. To improve the final spectra, special treatment in the data reduction has been given to any observation suffering from artifacts in the data caused by anomalous instrumental effects. Complete spectra are shown covering 200–671 μm, with photometry in the SPIRE bands at 250, 350, and 500 μm. The spectra include near complete CO ladders for over half of our sample, as well as fine structure lines from [C i] 370 μm, [C i] 609 μm, and [N ii] 205 μm. We also detect H2O lines in several objects. We construct CO spectral line energy distributions (SLEDs) for the sample, and compare their slopes with the far-infrared (FIR) colors and luminosities. We show that the CO SLEDs of ULIRGs can be broadly grouped into three classes based on their excitation. We find that the mid-J (5 < J < 8) lines are better correlated with the total FIR luminosity, suggesting that the warm gas component is closely linked to recent star formation. The higher J transitions do not linearly correlate with the FIR luminosity, consistent with them originating in hotter, denser gas that is unconnected to the current star formation. We conclude that in most cases more than one temperature component is required to model the CO SLEDs.
THE TDE ASASSN-14li AND ITS HOST RESOLVED AT PARSEC SCALES WITH THE EVN
Authors: Romero-Cañizales Cristina , Prieto José L. , Chen Xian , Kochanek Christopher S. , Dong Subo , Holoien Thomas W.-S. , Stanek Krzysztof Z. , Liu Fukun
Published: November 2016

We report European Very Long Baseline Interferometry Network (EVN) radio continuum observations of ASASSN-14li, one of the best studied tidal disruption events (TDEs) to date. At 1.7 GHz with ≃12 × 6 mas resolution, the emission is unresolved. At 5.0 GHz with ≃3 × 2 mas resolution, the radio emission shows an extended structure that can be modeled with two components: a core-like component and a fainter, possibly elongated source 4.3 mas (∼2 pc) away. Our observations are not conclusive as to the nature of the components, but three scenarios are discussed. One possibility is a core-jet/outflow morphology, thus making of ASASSN-14li the first TDE jet/outflow directly imaged. For this case, the projected separation between the two components can only be explained by superluminal motion, rather than the lower velocities inferred from low-resolution radio observations. However, typical fast moving jets have brightness temperatures ∼5 orders of magnitude higher than we find, thus making this scenario less likely. The second possibility is that we are imaging a non-relativistic jet from past AGN/TDE activity. In this case a past TDE is preferred given that the spatial extension and radio luminosity of the elongated component are consistent with the theoretical predictions for a TDE outflow. Alternatively, the two sources could indicate the presence of a binary black hole, which would then naturally explain the enhanced TDE rates of post-starburst galaxies. Future EVN observations will help us to distinguish between these scenarios.
STELLAR POPULATIONS ACROSS THE BLACK HOLE MASS–VELOCITY DISPERSION RELATION
Authors: Martín-Navarro Ignacio , Brodie Jean P. , van den Bosch Remco C. E. , Romanowsky Aaron J. , Forbes Duncan A.
Published: November 2016

Coevolution between supermassive black holes (BH) and their host galaxies is universally adopted in models for galaxy formation. In the absence of feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGNs), simulated massive galaxies keep forming stars in the local universe. From an observational point of view, however, such coevolution remains unclear. We present a stellar population analysis of galaxies with direct BH mass measurements and the BH mass–σ relation as a working framework. We find that over-massive BH galaxies, i.e., galaxies lying above the best-fitting BH mass–σ line, tend to be older and more α-element-enhanced than under-massive BH galaxies. The scatter in the BH mass–σ–[α/Fe] plane is significantly lower than that in the standard BH mass–σ relation. We interpret this trend as an imprint of AGN feedback on the star formation histories of massive galaxies.
THE OVERLOOKED ROLE OF STELLAR VARIABILITY IN THE EXTENDED MAIN SEQUENCE OF LMC INTERMEDIATE-AGE CLUSTERS
Authors: Salinas R. , Pajkos M. A. , Strader J. , Vivas A. K. , Ramos R. Contreras
Published: November 2016

Intermediate-age star clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud show extended main sequence turnoffs (MSTOs) that are not consistent with a canonical single stellar population. These broad turnoffs have been interpreted as evidence for extended star formation and/or stellar rotation. Since most of these studies use single frames per filter to do the photometry, the presence of variable stars near the MSTO in these clusters has remained unnoticed and their impact has been totally ignored. We model the influence of Delta Scuti using synthetic CMDs, adding variable stars following different levels of incidence and amplitude distributions. We show that Delta Scuti observed at a single phase will produce a broadening of the MSTO without affecting other areas of a CMD such as the upper MS or the red clump; furthermore, the amount of spread introduced correlates with cluster age, as observed. This broadening is constrained to ages ∼1–3 Gyr when the MSTO area crosses the instability strip, which is also consistent with observations. Variable stars cannot explain bifurcarted MSTOs or the extended MSTOs seen in some young clusters, but they can make an important contribution to the extended MSTOs in intermediate-age clusters.
MOND PREDICTION FOR THE VELOCITY DISPERSION OF THE “FEEBLE GIANT” CRATER II
Authors: McGaugh Stacy S.
Published: November 2016

Crater II is an unusual object among the dwarf satellite galaxies of the Local Group in that it has a very large size for its small luminosity. This provides a strong test of MOND, as Crater II should be in the deep MOND regime (g
in ≈ 34 km2 s−2 kpc−1 ≪ a
0 = 3700 km2 s−2 kpc−1). Despite its great distance (≈120 kpc) from the Milky Way, the external field of the host (g
ex ≈ 282 km2 s−2 kpc−1) comfortably exceeds the internal field. Consequently, Crater II should be subject to the external field effect, a feature unique to MOND. This leads to the prediction of a very low velocity dispersion:

.
Completed Ulnar Shaft Stress Fracture in a Fast-Pitch Softball Pitcher
Authors: Wiltfong Roger E. , Carruthers Katherine H. , Popp James E.
Published: November 2016

Stress fractures of the upper extremity have been previously described in the literature, yet reports of isolated injury to the ulna diaphysis or olecranon are rare. The authors describe a case involving an 18-year-old fast-pitch softball pitcher. She presented with a long history of elbow and forearm pain, which was exacerbated during a long weekend of pitching. Her initial physician diagnosed her as having forearm tendinitis. She was treated with nonsurgical means including rest, anti-inflammatory medications, therapy, and kinesiology taping. She resumed pitching when allowed and subsequently had an acute event immediately ceasing pitching. She presented to an urgent care clinic that evening and was diagnosed as having a complete ulnar shaft fracture subsequently needing surgical management. This case illustrates the need for a high degree of suspicion for ulnar stress fractures in fast-pitch soft-ball pitchers with an insidious onset of unilateral forearm pain. Through early identification and intervention, physicians may be able to reduce the risk of injury progression and possibly eliminate the need for surgical management. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(2):e360–e362.]
A Patient-Specific Instrument for Femoral Stem Placement During Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Ito Hideya , Tanaka Shigeyuki , Tanaka Takeyuki , Oshima Hirofumi , Tanaka Sakae
Published: November 2016

To ensure that the femoral stem is placed in the proper position during total hip arthroplasty, the authors developed a patient-specific instrument. A total of 10 total hip arthroplasties were performed with the assistance of the patient-specific instrument during this study. The mean accuracy of stem tilt, varus/valgus, and anteversion was 2.1°±4.1°, 1.0°±0.7°, and 4.7°±1.2°, respectively. No complications were observed and no reoperations were required for any of the patients who underwent surgery included in this study. The results support the feasibility of this patient-specific instrument for use during stem placement in total hip arthroplasty. [
Orthopedics
. 2017; 40(2):e374–e377.]
Pectus Excavatum: More Than a Matter of Aesthetics
Authors: Abdullah Fizan , Harris Jamie
Published: November 2016

Pectus excavatum (PE) is the most common congenital chest abnormality, and affects males 5 times more frequently than females. PE results from improper fusion of the ribs with the sternum during embryologic development. The cardinal presenting sign is chest depression. Evaluation includes serial measurement of the chest deformity defect. Additional evaluation of cardiopulmonary function, including arrhythmias and pulmonary function tests, should be done as well. Computed tomography scans are used to determine the Haller index, a measure of deformity severity, with a measurement of greater than 3.2 deemed severe. The main indication of repair is decreased cardiopulmonary capacity, not cosmetic. Surgical repair should be timed such that it occurs after the pediatric growth spurt. Generally, the Nuss procedure, which is minimally invasive, is the first-line surgical repair. Ravitch, or open repair, is used for more complex or asymmetric deformities.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2016;45(11):e403–e406.]
Badly Behaving Noses in Children: Rhinitis, Sinusitis, or Neither?
Authors: Smallwood Jordan , Wei Julie L.
Published: November 2016

Every pediatrician has likely experienced frustration with cases of chronic nasal symptoms that either do not seem to get better or do show improvement but then worsen again. Often, this leads to the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis or sinusitis and subsequent prescription of medication(s) that may or may not be warranted. This article discusses the various causes of rhinitis, both allergic and nonallergic. Recommendations for treatment place special focus on nasal irrigation and the role that a child's diet can have on chronic nasal symptoms, with the hope of reducing excessive and sometimes unnecessary medication use.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2016;45(11):e384–e387.]
Oral Health Basics—What Every Pediatrician Should Know
Authors: Fernandez Sabrina
Published: November 2016

As soon as teeth are present, dental care should be discussed at every pediatric well-child visit. Many parents do not ask their pediatricians about dental care, assuming that it is the dentists' domain, but some families do ask lots of questions. Either way, pediatricians should discuss dental care at well visits, answering any questions and offering anticipatory guidance, especially on how to prevent caries. There are many questions from parents about dental care: how to brush, what kind of toothpaste to use, how to stop their child from grinding his or her teeth, whether or not pacifiers are bad for tooth development, and other inquiries that are addressed in the article. This article acts as a quick reference guide for pediatricians, so they are prepared to answer common questions about oral health.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2016;45(11):e379–e381.]
Predictors of Visual Outcomes and Microbial Profile in Endophthalmitis
Authors: Sharma Yog Raj , Gaur Nripen , Chandra Parijat , Takkar Brijesh
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate predictors of visual outcomes and microbial profile in endophthalmitis.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

This was a prospective, interventional case series at a tertiary eye care center. Of the 207 patients included, 83 had post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis (PCE), 84 had post-traumatic endophthalmitis (PTE), and 16 had endogenous endophthalmitis. Vitreous samples were evaluated for microbial profile, and all patients received similar empirical antibiotic therapy. Main outcome measures were good visual acuity, defined as better than 20/400, and microbial profile with drug resistance.

RESULTS:

Final visual acuity better than 20/400 was seen in 88% patients previously treated with intravitreal antibiotics (P< .001), 89% with presenting vision of less than 3.3 LogMAR units (P< .001), 61% without retinal detachment (RD) (P< .001), 58% without retained intraocular foreign body (RIOFB) (P= .007), 88% without extensive media haze (P= .007), 71% of culture-negative patients (P= .007), and 65% with gram-positive bacteria (P= .03). On multivariate analysis, presenting visual acuity of less than 3.3 LogMAR units was found to have the highest adjusted odds ratio, 26.28 (95% CI, 9.13–75.6), for better visual outcome. Culture positivity was nearly 37%. Gram-positive bacteria were the most common in both PCE (90%) and PTE (55%) groups, whereas hyphae form fungus was the most common organism grown in endogenous endophthalmitis (50%) (P< .001). In patients without extensive media haze, hyphae form fungus was the most common grown organism (42%) (P= .03). PTE was predominant (60%) in the patients with antibiotic resistance.

CONCLUSIONS:

Presenting visual acuity better than hand motions close to face is the single most common indicator of good visual prognoses. Fungal infections are associated with RD, RIOFB, trauma, and absence of extensive media haze. Microbial resistance may be an important concern in PTE patients.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2016;47:991–998.]
Intraoperative OCT Imaging of the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System
Authors: Rachitskaya Aleksandra V. , Yuan Alex , Marino Meghan J. , Reese Jamie , Ehlers Justis P.
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Optimal placement of the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System (Second Sight Medical Products, Sylmar, CA) is critical. Intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows for intrasurgical visualization and confirmation of array placement. In this study, two different OCT systems were evaluated to assess the feasibility and utility of this technology during Argus II surgery.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Intraoperative OCT was performed on five patients undergoing Argus II implantation at Cole Eye Institute from June 2015 to July 2016. The EnVisu portable OCT (Bioptigen, Morrisville, NC) and microscope-integrated RESCAN 700 (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) intraoperative OCT systems were utilized. The EnVisu was used in three patients and the RESCAN 700 in three of the five patients. Following array tacking, intraoperative OCT was performed over the entire array including the edges and tack.

RESULTS:

Intraoperative OCT allowed for visualization of the array/retina interface. Microscope integration of the OCT system facilitated ease of focusing, real-time feedback, surgeon-directed OCT scanning to the areas of interest, and enhanced image quality at points of interest.

CONCLUSIONS:

Intraoperative imaging of the Argus II electrode array is feasible and provides information about electrode array-retina interface and distance to help guide a surgeon. Microscope integration of OCT appears to provide an optimal and efficient approach to intraoperative OCT during Argus II array placement.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:999–1003.]
Enhanced Depth SD-OCT Images Reveal Characteristic Choroidal Changes in Patients With Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease
Authors: Li Mei , Liu Qiuhui , Luo Yan , Li Yonghao , Lin Shaofen , Lian Ping , Yang Qiufen , Li Xiaofang , Liu Xialin , Sadda SriniVas , Lu Lin
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To identify characteristic choroidal changes of patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease at different stages.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Fifty-four patients with VKH in the acute uveitic or convalescent stages, 24 patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), and 54 normal participants were enrolled in this prospective, observational study. Enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography scans were captured for all subjects to allow for comparison of choroidal morphological findings.

RESULTS:

Numerous round or oval hyperreflective profiles with hyporeflective cores, corresponding to choroidal vessels, were observed in the choroid of control participants and patients with CSC; whereas the numbers of these profiles were markedly decreased in the choroid of VKH patients in both the acute uveitic and convalescent stages.

CONCLUSION:

A reduction in vascular profiles in the choroid is observed in VKH and may aid in the differentiation with disorders such as CSC.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:1004–1012.]
Plenoptic Ophthalmoscopy: A Novel Imaging Technique
Authors: Adam Murtaza K. , Aenchbacher Weston , Kurzweg Timothy , Hsu Jason
Published: November 2016

This prospective retinal imaging case series was designed to establish feasibility of plenoptic ophthalmoscopy (PO), a novel mydriatic fundus imaging technique. A custom variable intensity LED array light source adapter was created for the Lytro Gen1 light-field camera (Lytro, Mountain View, CA). Initial PO testing was performed on a model eye and rabbit fundi. PO image acquisition was then performed on dilated human subjects with a variety of retinal pathology and images were subjected to computational enhancement. The Lytro Gen1 light-field camera with custom LED array captured fundus images of eyes with diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinal detachment, and other diagnoses. Post-acquisition computational processing allowed for refocusing and perspective shifting of retinal PO images, resulting in improved image quality. The application of PO to image the ocular fundus is feasible. Additional studies are needed to determine its potential clinical utility.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:1038–1043.]
Droplet-Shaped Deep Intraretinal Hemorrhage as Initial Presentation of Von Willebrand Disease Type 1
Authors: Lin Hsin-Ting , Chang Yun-Hsiang
Published: November 2016

Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is characterized by bleeding symptoms that result in easy bruising, skin bleeding, prolonged bleeding from mucosal surfaces, heavy menstrual bleeding, and serious bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract. Early diagnosis and treatment are life-saving. This report is on a 47-year-old Taiwanese male with spontaneous, unilateral, droplet-shaped deep intraretinal hemorrhage. The patient presented in this case had no prior history of trauma, bleeding tendency, or coagulopathy. A diagnosis of VWD type 1 was made after von Willebrand multimer analysis. This is the first case reported to have intraretinal hemorrhage only as the first manifestation of VWD type 1. This report demonstrates that patients with spontaneous retinal hemorrhage should be evaluated for a possible bleeding disorder. Detailed clinical history and ophthalmologic examination can lead to the early diagnosis of VWD, before serious any complications occur.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:1044–1048.]
Vasi da miele in Etruria. Confronti archeologici ed etnografici per le olle stamnoidi ‘a colletto’
Authors: Persano Paolo
Published: November 2016

El presente artículo analiza las ollas con forma de stamnos a colletto, vasos contenedores realizados en Etruria durante la época helenística. Estos vasos se caracterizan por tener un canal circular en el hombro, por eso es posible asociar esta forma cerámica con la de los potes meleiros ibéricos y con la de los melopitari grecos. Por eso, las ollas tienen que considerarse específicos contenedores para conservar la miel.

[it] L’articolo esamina le olle stamnoidi a colletto, vasi realizzati in Etruria in età ellenistica. La presenza del colletto sulla spalla, uno spazio vuoto delimitato da un cordone plastico, è un elemento che accomuna questa forma vascolare ai potes meleiros iberici e melopitari greci. Come questi, anche le olle stamnoidi possono quindi essere considerate specifici contenitori per lo stoccaggio di miele.
Religión y culto en el ara Pacis Augustae
Authors: Delgado Delgado José A.
Published: November 2016

El ara Pacis Augustae, con toda su magnificencia como obra de arte y todas sus poderosas implicaciones políticas como creación del poder imperial, era esencialmente un altar, es decir, un lugar de culto oficial sometido a una determinada reglamentación religiosa y dotado de un calendario ceremonial específico. En consecuencia esta investigación ha sido ideada y desarrollada para presentar, discutir y, en su caso, dar respuesta a los problemas que presenta el ara Pacis como lugar de culto. El debate se integra y articula en el contexto más amplio de la naturaleza de las arae en la práctica cultual romana y se sustenta en el análisis de la tradición textual del ara Pacis y la propia evidencia arqueológica. Como resultado, se presenta el proceso de institución del ara Pacis Augustae en toda su extensión y complejidad, tanto en sus aspectos propiamente rituales como en su plasmación monumental.
Más allá del valle del Thader: poblamiento y dinámicas territoriales en las comarcas meridionales murcianas entre los siglos V a. C.-II d. C.
Authors: López-Mondéjar Leticia
Published: November 2016

El presente trabajo aborda el estudio del poblamiento entre los siglos V a. C.-II d. C. en el sureste peninsular y, en particular, en los valles del Quípar y del Guadalentín. Se presenta así por primera vez un análisis de conjunto, diacrónico y comparativo, del poblamiento ibérico en toda el área meridional de la región de Murcia y de las dinámicas que marcaron su transformación con el mundo romano. Con la ayuda de un Sistema de Información Geográfica, se ha recopilado y revisado toda la información arqueológica relativa a los 202 yacimientos documentados en estos territorios, analizándola de forma combinada con aquella relativa a su contexto espacial (vías de comunicación, potencialidad agrícola de los suelos, recursos naturales, explotación tradicional e histórica, etc.). Todo ello nos permite, por un lado, trazar la evolución del poblamiento en estos territorios ofreciendo una visión de largo recorrido hasta ahora ausente en los estudios regionales y, por otro, insertar este sector murciano en los procesos que definen este periodo en otras áreas del sureste, en especial, en las vecinas tierras alicantinas y andaluzas.
La escuela de arqueología del Mediterráneo Oriental que no pudo ser. Aproximación a la figura de Josep Gibert i Buch
Authors: Vidal Jordi
Published: November 2016

El propósito de este artículo es reconstruir la historia del intento fracasado de crear una escuela catalana de arqueología oriental con sede en Atenas. Dicho proyecto fue ideado y financiado por Francesc Cambó en 1928, y contaba con la colaboración científica de Pere Bosch Gimpera y con el trabajo sobre el terreno de Josep Gibert i Buch. Entre sus principales resultados conviene destacar las excavaciones llevadas a cabo en Naxos y, sobre todo, en Siquem. Sin embargo, diversos problemas personales, económicos y políticos entre las personas implicadas en dicho proyecto provocaron que finalmente no se concretase.
Le laboratoire de datation au radiocarbone de la Commission Géologique du Canada
Authors: Lowdon J A
Published: November 2016

The Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory of the Geological Survey of Canada began routine 14C age determinations in 1961 using a 2 litre copper, proportional counter and C02 as the counting gas. This counter is operated routine/y at a pressure of 2 atmospheres where the
maximum dating limit is approximately 40 000 years using the 4 cr criterion. ln 1964 a 5 litre counter was put into operation. Routinely this counter is operated at a pressure of 1 atmosphere where its dating limit is approximately 40 000 years. When operated at 4 atmospheres its age limit increases
to about 54 000 years. Organic samples are burned in a stream of oxygen and the C02 released is purified on passage through a series of chemicals and traps. lnorganic samples are dissolved in phosphoric acid. Up to the end of 1983 more than 3700 age determinations have been carried out on various
types of sample material. Since 1963 twenty-three Geological Survey of Canada Date Lists have been published. The Laboratory also carries out a program of 14C determinations of samples of known age for the purpose of assessing the accuracy of the method and learning more about the natural and
man-made 14C distribution and circulation in nature.
Stratigraphic subdivision of the Aphebian Ramah Group, northern Labrador
Authors: Knight I , Morgan W C
Published: November 2016

The Aphebian Ramah Group , located in the Hebron Fiord - Nachvak Fiord area of the Torngat Mountains , northern Labrador, is composed of l702 m (5582 ft . ) of elastic and carbonate sedimentary rocks and a single thin volcanic flow . In this report it is divided
into six new formations that are named and defined . Two contrasting lithological sequences are present . The lower sequence, formed by the Rowsell Harbour and Reddick Bight formations , consists of thick multicoloured quartzites, sandstones and laminites that were chiefly deposited on a shallow
marine shelf. The upper sequence is formed by monotonous shales and slates, the Nullataktok and Typhoon Peak formations , by the intervening predominantly dolomitic Warspite Formation, and by greywackes and slates of the uppermost unit, the Cameron Brook Formation . Type sections are designated for
each formation .
Hettangian through Aalenian (Jurassic) guide fossils and biostratigraphy, northern Yukon and adjacent Northwest Territories
Authors: Poulton T P
Published: November 2016

The Bug Creek Group in the northern Richardson Mountains (dominantly shallow marine sandstone) and its more offshore facies equivalent to the west, the Kingak Formation (shale and siltstone), were deposited on a shelf at the northwestern corner of the Jurassic
North American continent. The strata are superficially similar to the upper Paleozoic strata below and the Cretaceous strata above, and have internal repetitions of essentially similar lithology. Our knowledge of the Jurassic stratigraphy and paleogeography of the northern Yukon and adjacent
Northwest Territories relies strongly, therefore, on understanding the fossils contained in the strata there.
Study of the fossils has permitted dating and paleoenvironmental characterization of the Jurassic formations, mapping of their thickness and facies trends, and recognition of unconformities between them. Every stage of the Jurassic is represented by ammonites or marine bivalves. The Hettangian to
Aalenian ammonites permit correlation with international standard zones in many cases, or with local zones in others. The bivalves are useful for less detailed subdivision of the sequences, for correlations where ammonites are not present, and for paleoecological characterization of the strata. One
new species of Aalenian bivalve, Propeamussium (Propeamussium) patriciae n. sp. is described. Additional, less common, fossils illustrated include brachiopods and crinoids.
Geology of the Battle River coalfield, east-central Alberta
Authors: Dawson F M , Cameron A R , Jerzykiewicz T
Published: November 2016

Coal within the Battle River coalfield is Late Cretaceous in age and belongs to the Horseshoe Canyon Formation. Ten coal zones spanning a stratigraphic interval of approximately 150 m have been correlated within the study area. The coal zones are commonly split
into numerous plys with individual coal seam thicknesses up to 2.0 m observed. Total zone thicknesses up to 6.0 m are present in the subsurface. Of the ten recognizable coal horizons, the Paintearth and Battle River are the most laterally consistent and economically significant. Total in-situ
resources are estimated at 9512 megatonnes, to a maximum depth of 150 m. Resources are primarily derived from two coal zones, the Battle River and Paintearth, with minor contributions from three lesser zones. Mineable coal resources at at an overburden ratio of less than 5:1 bcm/tonne total 392
megatonnes, of which the Paintearth zone accounts for 200 megatonnes. Coal resources for the Battle River coalfield were calculated in 1987. Detailed resource numbers conforming to the newly released Coal Association standards are available through the National Coal Inventory of the Geological
Survey of Canada. Currently, two open pit coal mines are in operation within the Battle River coalfield, producing in excess of 1.5 megatonnes annually for the Alberta Power generating station at Battle River. Ash values for the Paintearth and Battle River coal zones range from 8 to 29 per cent,
with the Battle River zone generally having a lower range. The coals are of subbituminous C and B rank with calorific values ranging from 20.1 to 24.0 MJ/kg. Sulphur values are low, ranging from 0.32 to 0.74 per cent for the Paintearth zone and from 0.47 to 1.19 per cent for the Battle River zone.
The high sulphur values for the latter appear to be anomalous and are located at the southern end of the study area. Petrographic studies suggest that the coals of the Battle River coalfield were deposited within a lower delta-plain environment. This agrees for the most part with sedimentological
observations throughout the project region.
BURIAL: a program that calculates and plots the burial history curves and thermal maturity history of a stratigraphic section
Authors: Osadetz K G , Mottershead K E
Published: November 2016

Burial history diagrams and inferred thermal maturity history calculations of stratigraphic sections are widely used to graphically display burial histories and the timing of hydrocarbon generation. Unlike most programs, BURIAL uses a data input format that
describes depositional and erosional events as geological processes of equal importance in a manner that follows naturally from stratigraphic analysis. This program also allows for the disappearance of stratigraphic units at a distance from the active surface of the model. This enables the program
to display subsurface salt dissolution, an important feature of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. The burial history computation is very simplified, considering only the decompaction of the clay/shale fraction of lithologies. The program has been designed to allow easy modification should users
wish to employ more complex decompaction histories. The commonly employed TimeþTemperature Index is calculated using a steady state, piecewise time-varying conductive heat flux. Calculated values of this index can be plotted on the burial history diagram if the user so wishes. Because of the wide
variety of hydrocarbon generation models and the uncertainty of correlation of hydrocarbon generation thresholds to the TimeþTemperature Index, the interpretation of those thresholds is left to be performed manually.
Major structural features of southeastern Canada and the Atlantic continental margin portrayed in regional gravity and magnetic maps
Authors: Williams H , Macnab R , Shih K G
Published: November 2016

New digital data bases have been used to produce maps that portray regional gravity and magnetic fields over the continental and marine areas of southeastern Canada. The contents of these maps are discussed with emphasis on the relationships between potential
fields and important structural features in the Grenville Province, the Appalachian Orogen, and the Atlantic Continental Margin. Notes are included on the techniques that were used in preparing the gravity and magnetic data bases, and in constructing the new maps.
Ressources en gaz triasique dans le Bassin sédimentaire de l'Ouest canadien (plaines intérieures)
Authors:   Geological Survey of Canada
Published: November 2016

Natural gas resource potential of Triassic strata in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (excluding the Foothills Belt) was evaluated using a combination of geological play analysis and statistical estimation. Triassic strata belong to a platformal succession of
mixed siliciclastic, carbonate, and evaporite sediments deposited along the western portions of the basin. The thickest deposits, and most of the oil and gas, occur in the westward thickening and deepening depocentre called the Peace River Embayment. The Triassic succession contains a total
discovered in-place volume of 288 400 x 106 m3 raw gas reserves in 10 mature and 2 immature plays. Exploration plays consist of stratigraphic and stratigraphic-structural combination traps, with reservoirs in aeolian, shoreline, tidal channel, and shallow marine sandstones, coquinas, and tidal flat
and marine shelf carbonates. Statistical analysis of the ten established mature plays suggests they contain a remaining potential of 272 124 x 106 m3. Three of these plays are predicted to contain over one half of the remaining gas potential: the Halfway/Doig Formation shelf sandstones play,
influenced by Peace River Arch/Embayment structures (e.g., Monias field); the Baldonnel Formation subcrop play, involved in Laramide-aged gentle folds (e.g., Laprise field); and the Halfway/Doig Formation shoreline-related sandstone reservoirs, influenced by Peace River Arch/Embayment structures
(e.g., Sinclair field). Statistical analysis of the mature plays indicates that a total of 13 plays are likely to exist. These include the 10 mature plays, 2 immature plays (the Montney Subcrop North-Ring play and the Montney Distal Shelf-Glacier play) with undiscovered gas in-place totalling 28 162
x 106 m3, and 1 conceptual play with 5 615 x 106 m3 gas in-place. The relatively minor amount of gas estimated to be present in the conceptual and immature plays (33 777 x 106 m3-11% of the total resource) is consistent with the exploration maturity of the basin and the fact that established
play definitions are sufficiently broad to include variations in trapping mechanism. Expected potential in-place gas volumes in mature, immature and conceptual plays(unencumbered by economic constraints) total 305 901 x 106 m3, indicating that over 50 per cent of the total in-place resource remains
to be discovered. Triassic strata continue to offer attractive exploration targets, as shown by recent activity at Valhalla, Spirit River and Grande Prairie.
Notes on the geology and micropaleontology of the Proterozoic Thule Group, Ellesmere Island, Canada, and north-west Greenland
Authors: Hofmann H J , Jackson G D
Published: November 2016

An assemblage of organic-walled microfossils is described from macerates recovered from fine grained siliciclastic units of the Thule Group of southeastern Ellesmere Island and North-West Greenland. The Thule Group is up to 6 km thick, and considered to be
correlative with the Bylot Supergroup of northwestern Baffin Island. Depositional environments include basinal, platform, and local deltaic environments, as well as coastal sabkhas on a carbonate shelf. The microbiota, between 1270 and 750 Ma old, comprises the following taxa, almost all of which
have long stratigraphic ranges: Siphonophycus septatum, S. robustum, S. rugosum, S. kestron, Pellicularia? sp., Obruchevella? sp., Brachypleganon sp., Navifusa majensis, Leiosphaeridia minutissima, L. tenuissima, L. crassa, L. jacutica, L. ternata, Valeria lophostriata, Pterospermopsimorpha
insolita, Eomicrocystis malgica, Ostiana microcystis, Symplassosphaeridium. sp., Synsphaeridium spp., Satka sp., Spumosina rubiginosa, and Fabiformis baffinensis; two kinds of microdubiofossils are also present. This assemblage is less diverse than that in the Bylot
Supergroup.
Geology of Hvitland beds (Late Pliocene), White Point Lowland, Ellesmere Island, Northwest Territories
Authors: Fyles J G , McNeil D H , Matthews J
V , Barendregt R W , Marincovich L , Brouwers E , Bednarski J , Brigham-Grette J , Ovenden L E , Miller K G , Baker J , Irving E
Published: November 2016

The marine strata here named the Hvitland beds occur above Paleogene sand and beneath glacial diamicton. They contain marine molluscs, ostracodes, and benthic foraminifers, and represent water depth of 10-30 m and water temperature slightly warmer than present.
The assemblage comprises a mixture of Atlantic/Arctic and Pacific faunas. Mosses, vascular plants (herbs) and insects in the marine strata record tundra conditions on adjacent land. The foraminifers represent the Cibicides grossus Zone (minimum age of 2.4 Ma) which is also known from late Pliocene
sites in the North Sea, Baffin Island, Greenland, the Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin, and Arctic Alaska. Ostracodes in the Hvitland beds include four extinct (since 2.4 Ma) species also present in the Gubik Formation of northern Alaska, and at Kap K�benhavn and Loden Elv in northeastern Greenland. The
paleomagnetically reversed Hvitland beds (with tundra vegetation) are younger than the Beaufort Formation (with forest vegetation) which, on Meighen Island, includes paleomagnetically reversed strata dating from the youngest (ca. 3 Ma) reversed zones of the Gauss magnetic chron. Thus, the Hvitland
beds (also reversed but no younger than 2.4 Ma) must date from the earliest (reversed) part of the Matuyama magnetic chron which commenced ca. 2.5 Ma. Correlation with the Bigbendian unit of the Gubik Formation is suggested.
Biochronology and paleontology of Lower Jurassic (Hettangian and Sinemurian) radiolarians, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia
Authors: Carter E S , Whalen P A , Guex J
Published: November 2016

Rich, well preserved assemblages of Hettangian and Sinemurian Radiolaria have been recovered from limestone concretions in the Sandilands Formation, Queen Charlotte Islands. Collections from stratigraphic sections at Kennecott Point (northwest Graham Island) and
Kunga Island provide the main framework for this study while others from lesser exposed outcrops supplement data for certain intervals. Ammonites collected in close association with most radiolarian samples provide excellent biostratigraphic control.
A new radioarian zonation, defined by Unitary Associations (UA; Guex, 1977), is proposed for the Hettangian and Sinemurian. A database recording the appearance of 119 species in 95 superposed horizons or samples of 15 sections was used to establish 25 successive Unitary Associations. Unitary
Associations were grouped into seven biochronozones: five Unitary Associations Zones (UAZ) and two Interval Zones (IZ), with each zone defined by its coexisting species pairs and by the totality of characteristic species.
The sequence of co-occurring ammonites indicates that the Canoptum merum Zone (IZ) is earliest Hettangian; the Protokatroma aquila Zone (IZ) is late early Hettangian; the Pantanellium browni Zone (UAZ) is mid- to late Hettangian; the Crucella hettangica Zone (UAZ) is latest Hettangian to earliest
Sinemurian; the Parahsuum simplum Zone (UAZ) is early Sinemurian; the Canutus rockfishensis-Wrangellium thurstonense Zone (UAZ) is early late Sinemurian; and the Jacus? sandspitensis Zone (UAZ) is late Sinemurian.
Hettangian and Sinemurian Radiolaria are Tethyan in affinity and compare well with assemblages from Bavaria, the Mediterranean area, Japan, and New Zealand.
One radiolarian subfamily (Charlotteinae), fourteen genera (Amuria, Beatricea, Charlottea, Danubea, Empirea, Foremania, Protokatroma, Solidea, Sophia, Teesium, Thurstonia, Tozerium, Trexus, and Udalia), and sixty- eight species are described as new.
Paléoécologie d'une tourbière littorale de l'estuaire maritime du Saint-Laurent, L'Isle-Verte, Québec
Authors: Garneau M
Published: November 2016

The study site is located along a spartina marsh (Spartina alterniflora Loisel) northeast of the municipality of L'Isle-Verte (48°00'N, 69°20'W) on the south shore of the St. Lawrence maritime estuary, in Quebec. On the basis of a detailed analysis of
three core samples, a local reconstruction of the coastal sector since the beginning of its formation (2420 ± 60 years: minimum age for the beginning of the deposition of intertidal sediments) to the present surface was carried out.
The peat bog is part of the coastal plain recently emerged after the last transgressive episode of the St. Lawrence at ca. 3000 BP. The chronosequence recognized at the base of the deposit corresponds to the current toposequence of the intertidal sector, thus reflecting the absence of major
fluctuations of the relative sea level during this period. Circa 500 BP, the intertidal salt marsh was converted into a freshwater marsh, and subsequently evolved towards the present sphagnum bog. This transformation was influenced by local topography.
On the basis of the identification of palynomorphs, it was possible to recognize in the peat sequence a deterioration of drainage conditions between 400 and 200 BP. That deterioration resulted in the opening of the plant cover, which led to increased sphagnum sporulation. The plant communities are
dominated by hydrophytes, such as Typha latifolia, while the predominant animal populations are rhizopods, such as Amphitrema flavum and Assulina muscorum, and copepods, indicating the presence of stagnant water or surface pools. Chronologically, this change corresponds to the Little Ice Age, during
which the climate was cooler and wetter. From an archeological point of view, this period is also marked by the abandonment of nearby native coastal and island sites.
The results of the integrated and closed interval analyses reveal that centennial hydrological (or climatic) changes may be recognized in the horizons. The interpretation takes account of allogenic and autogenic factors in the dynamics of the evolution of the reconstructed
ecosystems.
Probabilities of significant earthquake shaking in communities across British Columbia: implications for emergency management
Authors: Onur T , Seemann M R
Published: November 2016

Seismic hazard in the province of British Columbia (BC) is well studied and extensively discussed within scientific and engineering communities. However, much of the information is presented in a forum or format not readily accessible or digestible by those
outside the scientific and engineering communities, including individuals, elected officials, municipal planners, and emergency managers. Seismic hazard calculations were carried out for over 150 BC communities in terms of probabilities of exceeding each of three intensity levels (MMI V - widely
felt; MMI VI - threshold for non-structural damage; and, MMI VII - threshold of structural damage) over 10, 50 and 100 year periods. This paper presents a subset of these calculations for 10 communities. The dominant tectonic feature in southwestern BC, where most of the BC population is
concentrated, is the Cascadia Subduction Zone. Here, the Juan de Fuca plate is being forced beneath the North America plate, creating three distinct types of earthquakes: shallow (crustal) earthquakes within the North America plate, deep (subcrustal) earthquakes within the Juan de Fuca plate, and
"megathrust" earthquakes at the interface of the two plates. Calculations for all earthquakes except those at the Cascadia subduction interface are based on the probabilistic seismic hazard models developed by the Geological Survey of Canada and adopted in the National Building Code of Canada. The
probabilities of "structurally" damaging ground shaking due to crustal or subcrustal earthquakes occurring within the next 50 years in the two largest cities of BC, Vancouver and Victoria, are 12% and 21%, respectively. The corresponding probabilities of "non-structurally" damaging ground
shaking are 35% and 56%, respectively. The subduction interface earthquake is considered separately using a timedependent recurrence model. The probability of the next Cascadia subduction interface earthquake occurring in the next 50 years is estimated to be 11%. The uncertainties
associated with the probability estimations are discussed and quantified by providing upper and lower boundaries for selected calculations. Results presented in this paper are intended to enable individuals and community decision makers to better identify and understand the earthquake threat in
their communities. This information is offered to encourage and facilitate informed discussion on earthquake threat in BC, and enable reasoned, defendable funding decisions with respect to emergency preparedness, response, and recovery activities.
An overview of the architecture, sedimentology and hydrogeology of buried-valley aquifers in Canada
Authors: Russell H A J , Hinton M J , van der Kamp G , Sharpe D R
Published: November 2016

Buried valleys occur across Canada yet no systematic study has been completed of the scale, style, and hydrogeological significance of this aquifer type. This paper reviews geological and hydrogeological knowledge of buried-valley aquifers in Canada. Buried
valleys are placed in a stratigraphic classification: i) bedrock, ii) bedrock interface, and iii) Quaternary sediment. The distribution, geometry and scale of valleys and the sediment facies of valley fills are briefly discussed. Important hydrogeological characteristics for buried-valley aquifers
include aquifer extent, aquifer continuity and several hydraulic characteristics that influence flow and hydraulic response. The wide range of hydrogeologic settings and functions for buried-valley aquifers explains their variability as groundwater resources, thus emphasizing the need for greater
monitoring and understanding of buried valleys at several scales. Knowledge gaps are identified and the need for improved integration of geological and hydrogeological studies to improve understanding of Canada's buried-valley aquifers is advocated.