bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A hybrid multi-objective optimization method for nuclear essential service water system design
Authors: Zhou Kangning , Cheng Wei , Liu Yilong , Chen Xuefeng , RongyongZhang  , Mao Yujia
Published: August 2023

Evolutionary algorithms have proven to be very successful in solving multi-objective optimization problems (MOPs). However, their performance often deteriorates when constraints are introduced. This paper proposes a hybrid heuristic intelligence (HHI) approach to remedy this issue. First, a classification operator is designed to sort individuals by their relative constraint values, which enlarges the size of feasible solutions in the early process. Then, by combining constraints with the non-dominated sorting method, we define a new selection operator to increase the probability of selecting individuals who have low constraint values but high objective values. Finally, we use hybrid optimized operations to simultaneously enhance the convergence and diversity performance by performing different operators in a certain domain. The proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance on test functions ZDT1, Binh2, and OSY, with a remarkable decrease of 24% in the inverted generational distance (IGD) on OSY. For further applications, our method is also tested with an engineering model established for the design of the nuclear essential service water system (SEC). The final result shows that without taking hundreds of hours, the final solution of HHI has met all constraints and reduced the total cost by 8.9%© YEAR The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Co-occurrence of climate-change induced and anthropogenic pressures in Central American key biodiversity areas
Authors: Baumbach Lukas , Hickler Thomas , Yousefpour Rasoul , Hanewinkel Marc
Published: August 2023

Central America hosts many key biodiversity areas (KBAs), areas which represent unique and irreplaceable ecosystems of global importance for species conservation. However, large extents of these areas are not under legal protection and could be threatened by pressures from land use change (e.g. deforestation and agricultural expansion), high human population density (e.g. population growth and urban sprawl) and climate-driven biome shifts. Here, we simulated future biome stability under the influence of climate change across KBAs in the Mesoamerican biodiversity hot spot and combined the results with projections of land use and population density up to the end of the 21st century. We applied four forcing scenarios based on two global climate models (GFDL-ESM4 and IPSL-CM6A-LR) and two shared socio-economic pathways (SSP1-2.6 and SSP3-7.0), which represent a range from low to high emission pathways. Our model projected decreased biome stability in 39%–46% of protected areas in KBAs, whereas this number even increased to 59%–60% for unprotected areas in KBAs (depending on the climate scenario). While human interferences in protected parts of KBAs are expected to be limited, large parts of unprotected areas in KBAs were projected to be pressured by multiple factors at once and are reason for concern. In particular, high human population pressures (>10 people km−2) emerged as a main threat over 30%–44% of the unprotected area in KBAs. These were largely accompanied by pressures from land use and sporadically reinforced by pressures from climate-driven biome shifts. Among the hot spots facing multiple high pressures are some of the last tropical dry and montane forest ecosystems in Central America, which stresses the need for urgent conservation action.
Molecular Characterization of Multi-Drug Resistant Fungal Isolates Obtained from Raw Cow Milk in Bowen University, Nigeria
Authors: Oluranti O O , Majolagbe O N , Elutade O O , Obisesan I A , Omotayo O E , Ajayi-Odoko O A , Olaogun T A , Akinsola O A , Oladapo C O , Ojo P T , Ramatu S R
Published: August 2023

Cow milk is a highly nutritious food but many factors predispose it to microbial contamination. There is paucity of information on antifungal-resistant pathogens. Hence the study investigated the fungi from fresh cow milk samples and their resistance to some antifungals. Twenty-seven (27) fungi were isolated from forty-three (n=43) milk samples on PDA (Potato dextrose agar) media, re-cultured in glucose yeast extract broth, and incubated for 24 hours at 25°C. Taxonomic characterization on the isolates was done using photomicrography. Percentage occurrence of the isolates was determined. Molecular characterization was carried out on some isolates which were 100% resistant to antifungals; ketoconazole, amphotericin B, and clotrimazole using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. Isolate sequences were subjected to BLAST analysis and compared with representatives in GenBank. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney Tests were used to analyze the data. Phylogenetic analysis and morphological characterization identified isolates as Rhodotorula paludigena, Candida sp and Candida tropicalis which had occurrence of 31.8%, 31.8% and 36.6% respectively. Level of resistance to ketoconazole (100%) and amphotericin B (92%) was significantly higher than clotrimazole (59%) (p< 0.05), while between ketoconazole and amphotericin B, there was no significant (p> 0.05) difference. Unprocessed raw milk is a potential source of drug-resistant pathogenic fungi. Pasteurization of raw milk is highly encouraged before consumption.
Bacteriological quality of raw cow milk at a collection center in Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Elutade O O , Imohiosen J J I , Akinola O T
Published: August 2023

Dairy milk provides essential nutrients for humans, but microbial contamination can occur from the point of milking to storage. There has been sparsity of data on quality of raw cow milk (RCM) at collection points in Nigeria. This study investigated the bacteriological quality of RCM from a bulk-tank in Iwo, Osun State, South-West Nigeria. Raw milk samples were collected from the storage tank during a six-week period and evaluated for aerobic plate count (APC), aerobic spore-formers count, Enterobacteriaceae count, salmonella and shigella count and Staphylococcus count. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s multiple range test were used to compare differences in means among the various bacterial counts assessed, using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SSPS). The mean aerobic plate count (8.2±1.71 log CFU/ml) and Enterobacteriaceae count (5.8±1.12 log CFU/ml) obtained were significantly different (P≤0.05) and were higher than the acceptable threshold limits of 5.0 log CFU/ml and 3.0 log CFU/ml, respectively. The bacteriological profile found in the milk samples included Enterobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Pseudomonas spp. Enterobacter spp. and Staphylococcus aureus had the highest and least occurrence of 30 % and 2.5 %, respectively. Good sanitary practices are recommended at every stage of the milking process prior to storage in a bulk-tank so as to ensure safe dairy derivative products.
Elemental and In vitro Antioxidant Studies of Some Bracharia species and Milk from Bowen University Dairy Farm
Authors: Ogunlakin A D , Odugbemi A I , Omolekan T , Adaramoye O A , Abiola O O , Akinola A , Akinsete A , Alabi T , Alade F F , Ahossinme H E , Ajiboye A , Ajiboye T A , Ajila O , Ajisafe T L , Sonaike O , Akinadewo A O , Akinbiyi T A , Olajide T J , Oni I D , Shittu S A , Bakare F , Ojo O A
Published: August 2023

This study investigated the constituent elements present in three Bracharia grasses and milk samples from the Bowen Dairy cows. Bracharia grasses and milk samples were subjected to Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) for determination of K, Ca, Na, Mn, Fe, Cd and Cu, and in vitro antioxidant activities. Levels of K, Ca and Na in both fresh and sterilized milk were also comparable to the RDA. No levels of Cd and Cu were determined all samples. The level of Mn in fresh milk was 0.80 ± 0003 ppm, but was not determined in sterilized milk. The AAS result shows that the levels of K, Ca and Na in Brachiaria sabia methanol extract (BSME), Bracharia gayana methanol extract (BGME) and Bracharia maradu methanol extract (BMME) were lower than the RDA value. However, Cd and Cu were not determined in the three samples, except in BMME. The fresh and sterilized milk samples had better antioxidant potentials compared to quercetin standard. This study indicates that the Bracharia grasses and milk samples from Bowen University Dairy Farm are rich in K and Fe. In addition, both fresh and sterilized milk samples possess strong in vitro antioxidant capacity.
Molecular identification of Theileria spp in cattle from Iwo Osun state, Nigeria
Authors: Oladosu O O , Olatubi I V , Ayokunle D I , Aromolaran O O , Okotie S O , Jibiri T M , Atobatele O E
Published: August 2023

Theileria is an haemoparasitic protozoa causing disease known as theileriosis in animals. The disease is transmitted by tick vectors. Theileria circulates in cattle and causes the dairy industry to suffer significant financial losses as it affects milk and livestock production, especially in the sub-Saharan region. The endoparasite can exist in sub-clinical state in cattle that are carriers, these cattle transmit the diseases and become reservoir of infection for ticks. In Nigeria, diagnosis of this parasite in cattle has been done mainly through light microscopy of Giemsa stain; molecular diagnosis report is scanty. Hence, this work was to identify and characterise Theileria species infecting healthy cattle in Iwo Osun state, Nigeria utilizing molecular genetic approach (PCR and 18S rRNA gene sequencing). In this cross-sectional investigation, blood was drawn aseptically from healthy cows’ jugular veins using a sterile needle and syringe. Whatmann filter paper No. 3 was spotted with blood. Cloning and sequencing of 18S rRNA gene was done for three samples that successfully amplified. Phylogenetic analysis showed two Theileria species comprising one T. velifera and two T. mutans. The outcome of this work will help the decision-making process for developing control measures for theileriosis in healthy cows in Iwo Osun state, Nigeria.
Smart modelling of dairy milk production with machine learning
Authors: Samson T K , Omoyajowo A C , Adebayo S , Salawu S O
Published: August 2023

Complex non-linear correlations between the predictors (features) and the independent variable can be modeled using machine learning techniques. This modeling strategy is clever because it uses machine learning to develop process predictions after the right model has been created. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to examine how to simulate dairy milk production using machine learning. The daily milk output in Iwo and its environs between May 26, 2021, and May 31, 2022, as measured in liters, was used. Five features in the data set were identified; the day of the week, month, year, season and day number. We tested a total of 14 different supervised learning (regression) machine learning techniques. 20% of the data were used for validation, while 80% were used to train these algorithms. The Bagged Tree gave the highest R - square value of 0.67 and the lowest RMSE of 20.26 among the 14 Machine Learning techniques taken into account. It is therefore recommended to be used in smart prediction of daily milk production in Iwo and its environs. Also, season was found to influence milk production in the study area with higher milk production in wet season than dry season(p<.05).
Growth and nutritional potential of selected grasses and legumes for ruminants’ production
Authors: Esan V I , Olaniyi O C , Ogunbode T O , Ayegboyin M H , Sangoyomi T E , Akande J
Published: August 2023

The production of legumes and grasses are a sustainable strategy to feed ruminants. These species are rich in nutrients which can improve animal health with less treatment. Therefore, the objective of this work was to assess the performance of the middle and edge plants of five legumes and two grasses for morphological traits, fresh and dry matter yields and nutritional potential as feed for ruminants. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis using R software. The results indicated that very highly significant differences (P<0.001) were observed among the nutritional values, morphological and biomass yield traits except for stem diameter. There was also significant difference(P<0.001) between the edge plants and middle plants. The mean values of the number of leaves and number of stem were higher in the edge plants than in the middle plants for all the seven species. Carbohydrate was the most abundant (42.40), followed by protein (17.81), crude fiber (15.79) and crude fat (7.32). The element analyses of leaf showed N, K, Ca and Mg are suitable for ruminant production in all species. A strong positive correlation was observed among the protein, crude fat and crude fiber compounds. Edge effects were observed showing the highest values when compared to the middle plants. Centrosema pubescens out performed in terms of overall protein, crude fat and crude fiber, while Mucuna pruriens recorded the highest mean value of dry biomass yield. The production of both grasses and legumes, because of their diverse proximate and mineral compositions, constitutes one of the mainstay for sustainable and competitive animal production systems. We recommend ruminant farmers to plant the grasses and legumes at the edges of their farms for sustainable fodder production.
Legal Implications of Free-Range System of Rearing Cattle in Nigeria: a Review
Authors: Ajayi M O. , Herbert E B. , Imosemi A , Nyekwere N , Eyongndi D T , Oladele O O
Published: August 2023

Open grazing in Nigeria has been an age-long practice associated with the people of the Sahel. Evidence abounds of the peaceful co-existence between cattle herders and their host communities in nearly all parts of the country; what obtains today is far from peaceful. There have been incessant reports of violence ranging from the destruction of farmlands to the deaths of farmers and herdsmen through deliberate, unprovoked, violent attacks and reprisal attacks. Government efforts at resolving these issues have brought about suggestions to have grazing reserves or ranching, which have been resisted by some states. There have been calls by some state governments for the ban of open grazing due to the problems associated with it while some states have enacted laws banning open grazing. Meanwhile, there is a paucity of information on the legality of open grazing or otherwise, since there is yet to be a federal law in support of or condemnation, hence this investigation. This paper adopts legal and agropastoral methodologies to review these issues as they affect animal-human welfare. It further investigates how grazing is done in other climes to suggest possible solutions that will be mutually beneficial to farmers and herders. It found that in other climes, the methods of grazing were permitted to depend on the peculiarity of each state, particularly the availability of land. Findings further revealed the possible consequences of the free-range system if left unchecked, one of which could gradually affect the country’s adequate food supply. Farmlands are gradually abandoned for fear of possible attacks. Some states particularly known for farming are now plagued with hunger and poverty among farmers in rural areas. The consequence of unregulated open grazing could impair the possibility of attaining sustainable development goals of zero hunger and eradication of poverty. It recommends that the government urgently finds a lasting solution to open grazing that will be welcomed and acceptable to all states, bearing in mind their different peculiarities. Failure to attain these amounts to a gross violation of the rights of the various stakeholders.
Performance Evaluation of Bowen Milk Collection Centre Iwo Osun State Nigeria
Authors: Afolabi C O , Bright-Oridami M S , Nwanchukwu I
Published: August 2023

Milk collection centers (MCCs) were established to promote domestic milk production and lessen Nigeria’s reliance on the importation of milk and related dairy products. Restricted numbers of MCCs in Nigeria make milk supply difficult for the dairy farmers which are not located close to them. The study evaluated the performance of Bowen MCC. Two-stage sampling technique was used to select 60 dairy farmers for the study. Questionnaire and Key Informant Interview was used to collect data from respondents and data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Result shows majority of respondents were males (85.0%), married (98.3%) with mean age of 40±7.63 years and household size of 9±1.93 persons. All (100%) respondents engaged in dairy farming (100.0%) as primary occupation with mean monthly income of ₦35,782.18±9,036.04 ($80.83) with mean years of experience of 31.00±7.19 years. Use of archaic production practices (

x
¯

= 2.00) and unimproved genetic composition of local breeds for milk production (

x
¯

= 1.90) were the major constraints encountered by dairy farmers. Bowen MCC has adequate number of staff and well equipped with functional equipment but the major challenge encountered is insufficient milk supply by dairy farmers. The study therefore recommends that farmers should be trained on different aspects of improving cattle’s’ productivity.
Nutritional and microbial quality of selected commercially available powdered infant formula during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Ajayi Olasunmbo A , Okiti Ufoma O
Published: August 2023

Recently, there has been a shortage of baby formula due to the COVID-19-related supply chain, unsanitary conditions, and contamination in the manufacturing company. There is genuine concern that contaminated baby formulas may have been inadvertently imported worldwide. For this purpose, five commercially available infant formulas were selected and coded as IF1, IF2, IF3, IF4, and IF5. Physicochemical, nutritional compositions, toxic element (Pb), microbial content, and identification of isolates in the infant formula were determined using standard methods. The pH and total titratable acidity ranged from 6.50±0.00 to 6.90±0.0 and 0.05±0.01 to 0.07±0.00 %, respectively. Moisture, ash, and protein ranged from 2.4±0.1 to 8.00±0.3 %; 1.9±0.01 to 2.7±0.4 %; 1.8±0.0 to 3.8±0.3 %, respectively. Crude fat ranged from 22.0±0.0 to 28.30±0.0 %, and fibre was not detected. Toxic element Pb was detected in all the samples, ranging from 1.2±0.1 to 13.51±0.9 mg/kg. Microbial counts ranged from 2.0×10 to 8.0×104 CFU/g for total viable, enterobacteriaceae 3.0×104 to 13.5×105 CFU/g; staphylococcal 5×103 to 1.0×104 CFU/g and fungal 1.1×10 to 2.4×105 CFU/g. Although the standard is that no pathogen should be in infant formula, several were identified including Klebsiella spp., Escherichia spp., and Staphylococcus spp. In conclusion, the nutritional composition obtained correlated with the product description. Manufacturers should work assiduously on taking steps to ensure the safety of their products by limiting the level of toxic elements and microbial contaminants which negatively affect the health of infants.
Determinants of profitability of dairy farming enterprises among smallholder dairy farmers in south-west Nigeria
Authors: Adigun G T , Osakede U A , Olakanmi O A , Dick-Tonye A O
Published: August 2023

Dairy farming is essential to most developing economies, including Nigeria, due to its contribution to livelihoods in terms of food supply, income and employment generation. This study examines the determinants of profitability of dairy business among smallholder dairy farmers in Nigeria. Data were collected from 150 dairy farmers selected through a multistage sampling procedure and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the ordinary least square (OLS) regression method. The majority of the dairy farmers had primary education (45.45%). Most were married (92.91%), while many were economically active (60.67%). Most (50%) of the respondents had 7 household members and above and the majority (76.67%) had 20 years of experience in dairy farming. Age, vocational education, other forms of education, herd size and total production cost significantly influence the profitability of the dairy business. Major constraints include insufficient forage access, low-quality fodder and lack of credit. Feed technology training, health care management and dairy cooperatives are strongly advocated. Dairy cooperatives are also important for better bargaining in input delivery and better prices for output supply to the market. It will also enable the farmers to pull resources together and guarantee access to benefits like soft loans, literacy programmes, and social protection, among others.
A preliminary checklist of commercial marine shrimps (Decapoda: Penaeidae) along Peninsular Malaysia coastal waters
Authors: Hurzaid A , Jamaludin J A F , Nor S A M , Suhailan M A A
Published: August 2023

This study contributes a preliminary checklist of commercial marine shrimps collected along Peninsular Malaysia coastal waters. Samples collection were carried out between November 2021 to August 2022 either by using bag-net or purchasing from local landing sites if their capture locations could be confirmed. In total, 375 individuals from 18 species and 7 genera, belonging to the Family Penaeidae were recorded. Among this, the genusPenaeusexhibits the highest diversity with 8 species, followed byMetapenaeus(4 species),Mierspenaeopsis(2 species) and one species each from the generaAlcockpenaeopsis, Ganjampenaeopsis, ParapenaeopsisandTrachysalambria. This study was conducted to provide a taxonomically verified checklist of the commercial shrimps distributed along the Peninsular Malaysian coast, which would serve as a foundation for further research.
Integration of tuna fishery data collection in the Southern Waters of Java (FMA-573)
Authors: Raup S A , Yonvitner  , Sulistiono  , Zulhamsyah  , Mashar A , Patmiarsih S , Juniar R D
Published: August 2023

Fishing operational data is the key to making fisheries management policies. Without this data, policymakers could only speculate on current field conditions; hence their decisions are not solutions to issues and problems in fisheries management and are even difficult to implement. Currently, the government encourages data collection on fishing operations through three schemes, namely data collection on the results of fish unloading at fishing ports, independent data reported by fishermen (fishing logbook), and data on monitoring results on fishing vessels by observers on board. Integrating such data is one solution to obtain sufficient operational data for fishing in quantity and quality. This study uses data on tuna catches from the three data collection schemes to tuna longline in the Southern Waters of Java, FMA 573. This study aims to analyze the differences between the established fisheries data collection standards with the existing conditions and the parties’ involvement in data collection activities. The analysis results show differences in data collection activities in existing conditions with the existing standards, affecting the completeness and quality of the resulting data. The integration of the three data is complementary and significantly impacts the quality of fishery data produced.
Growth patterns and reproductive aspect of Naleh (Barbonymus sp.) in Krueng Lanca, Nagan Raya Regency, Aceh Province
Authors: Abdan M , Sulistiono
Published: August 2023

Naleh (Barbonymus sp.) is one species of native fish found in Aceh Waters. This study examines the growth patterns and reproductive aspects of the fish in Krueng Lanca of Nagan Raya, Aceh Province. The study lasted five months (January - May 2022). Sampling was carried out purposively, once a month, on five different stations using gill nets (mesh size: 0.5 inches, 1.0 inches, and 1.5 inches and cast nets (D: 6 meters, mesh size: 0.5 inches). A total of 171 Naleh was caught in these waters. The calculation results obtained a length-weight relationship W = 0,0003*L2.2234 (r2 = 0.8823) for males, which shows the nature of allometric and W = 6E-06*L3.0684 (r2 = 0.8566) for females which shows the isometric. The sex ratio of Naleh in these waters was 1.1: 1. The size of the first mature gonads was 60-69 mm (males) and 90-99 mm (females) with a Gonadosomatic Index of 1.92-3.04 % (Males) and 8.73-11.61 % (females). The peak of the Naleh spawning season in Krueng Lanca waters was thought to occur from March to April, with the number of eggs ranging from 1,853-3,813 and a diameter of 1.18-1.43 mm. Based on the oocyte distribution, the peak of spawning of the fish was categorized as multiple spawners.
Growth at molt of sub-adult scalloped spiny lobster Panulirus homarus reared in tanks
Authors: Sudewi  , Giri N A , Slamet B , Haryanti
Published: August 2023

Grow-out of lobster performed in a tank culture system offers several advantages over floating sea cage culture, particularly in the control of environmental factors. However, the growth of lobster reared in tanks need to be evaluated to determine the rearing period of lobster to achieve market size. Growth in lobster is defined as the change in size through the molting process. Therefore, this study was performed to assess differences in weight and length increment at molt of male and female sub-adult scalloped spiny lobsterPanulirus homarus, as well as to determine the annual weight increment of the lobster reared in tanks. Sub-adult lobsters with an initial average weight of 226.18±20.30 g were stocked in twenty 4000-L fiber tanks at 20 lobsters/tank. Each lobster was tagged by a photographic method of the carapace to enable the identification of individual molt, as well as growth increment. Observation of molt and growth of lobster was carried out for 42 days of rearing. Growth observation for 42 days showed that the length increment between male and female lobsters was significantly different. The average length increment of the male was significantly higher (10.00 mm) than those of the female (7.93 mm) (p<0.05). However, the weight increment was not different between the sexes. The average weight increment of males and females was 18.53 g and 20.71 g, respectively (p>0.05). In terms of the annual weight increment, both sexes also had fairly similar growth, achieving 168.38 g.yr-1, on average. This study found that there was increased growth, zero growth, and declined growth at molt in lobsterP. homarus.
Utilization of molasses wastewater for medium production of Bacillus cereus
Authors: Feliatra F , Batubara U M , Taufan M , Effendi I , Adelina A
Published: August 2023

This study aims to analyze the potential of molasses wastewater as a production medium for the Bacillus cereus SN7 and B. cereus consortium. The research was conducted experimentally using several B. cereus strains such as B. cereus SN7, B. cereus SP4, B. cereus S5, B. cereus Xmb051, and B. cereus BF2. The Analysis of the potential of molasses wastewater as a production medium was carried out by growing the B. cereus SN7 and B. cereus consortium on molasses liquid waste medium with added liquid skim milk. In the comparison, the nutrient broth medium was used as a positive control, and sterile distilled water as a negative control. Bacterial growth measurements were carried out for 24 hours with different observations, sequentially, 0, 6, 12,18, and 24 hours and observed every six hours using the total plate count method. It can be shown that the highest cell biomass is 1,029 g/ml and the optimum growth time of each treatment is at 18th hours. Thus, the use of molasses as a bacterium medium can be used for the production of B. cereus SN7, and B. cereus consortium.
Effect of salinity on survival and growth of Sea cucumber, Stichopus sp. Juvenile
Authors: Setiawati K M , Sembiring S B M , Widiastuti Z , Giri N A , Hutapea J H
Published: August 2023

Sea cucumbers live in ponds and coastal with different salinity. This study aims to determine the range of salinity to support the growth and survival of sea cucumber juveniles. The research container used was a transparent fiberglass tank with a capacity of 30 L as many as 8 tanks. Sea cucumber juveniles used were 4 individuals /tank with an average size between 55-68 mm. Each tank was equipped with a plastic bottle filled with coral fragments and white sand as a water filter for water recirculation. Water changes were carried out every 2 days as much as 16 %. The treatment given were salinity: A. 25±2 ppt, B. 30±2 ppt, C. 34±2 ppt (sea water), D. 40±2 ppt. Acclimatization of sea cucumber juveniles against salinity treatment was carried out in 3 days. The research design was a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 2 replications. The results showed that sea cucumber juveniles could live in the salinity range of 30 to 40 ppt. The salinity has a significant effect on survival and growth rate, even the lowest survival is found in salinity of 25 ppt and juveniles were seen to be experiencing health problems.
Lethal toxicity LC50 of permethrin insecticide and its physiological and histopathological effect on common carp and nile tilapia
Authors: Taufik I , Ibrahim A , Syawal M S , Setiadi E , Supriyono E
Published: August 2023

Permethrin insecticide is commonly used in the worldwide due to the best effectivity in pest control and easier to degrade in the field. However, the implementation in the field of this insecticide is high will cause environmental pollution. It has been reported that aquatic environment at Singkarak lake containing permethrin. The aims of this experiment is to determine of lethal toxicity (LC50) of permethrin insecticide and its physiological effect on common carp and nile tilapia fish. The test fish was common carp and nile tilapia. Insecticide formula with permethrin active agent as a material test was used. Static toxicity method in the laboratorium was performed. Parameters in this experiment observed such as LC50, blood glucose, and histopathological of gill and liver tissues. The result showed that the permethrin insecticide had a high toxic to common carp and nile tilapia with the LC50-96h values were 0.49 dan 0.52 mg/L, respectively. The blood glucose of common carps was ranging from 29.7±0.6–118.3±0.7 mg/DL where the nile tilapia was ranging from 27.7±0.9 – 58.7±1.5 mg/DL. The blood glucose would be increased with increasing the permethrin concentration. The histopathological of gills and liver tissues both of common carp and nile tilapia were hyperplasia and necrosis.
Analysis of Consumer Preferences and Nutritional Composition of Analogue Shrimp Made from African Catfish Surimi with Addition of Flavor
Authors: Sahubawa L , Suratno L L
Published: August 2023

African catfish is one of the freshwater fish species that is cultivated intensively and is quite abundant in Indonesia, but has a relatively low selling price so that needed innovation through surimi processing for the development of various commercial products such as analog shrimp and other processed products. The purpose of the study was to examine the level of consumer preferences, nutritional composition and quality deterioration of analog shrimp. The study used a completely randomized design with the addition of shrimp flavoring treatment (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%). The addition of 1% shrimp essence is a treatment that is highly favored by consumers with an average preference value of 3.60 and water content (69.96%); ash (2.13%); protein (12.08%); fat (3.52%) and carbohydrate (11,59%). The total calories produced by analog shrimp from fat (32 calories), protein (48 calories) and carbohydrates (46 calories) is 126 calories, thus the serving size of the product per 100 grams contains 126 kcal. The content of TPC and TVB-N were 3.17 log cfu/gram and 10.12 mg/100 gram, respectively, on the last (5th) storage day, indicating that analog shrimp was still fit for consumption.
The Impact of Covid-19 on Patterns of Utilization of Capture Fisheries at Cirebon
Authors: Mira  , Sari Y D
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study analyze the impact of Covid-19 on input factors and output factors on the pattern of utilization of capture fisheries. This research was conducted in 2020 in Cirebon Regency. The methodology used quantitative descriptive. The results of the analysis indicate, first, the impact of COVID-19 on input parameters has not changed, such as fishing fleets, trips, fishing ground, crew members, and operational costs. Some changes only occur in certain commodities. For example, in crab fishermen, they adjust their fishing gear on commodities sold for the domestic market. Previously, they used traps to catch crabs. Since the Covid 19 pandemic, they have used rampus to catch small pelagic fish. Second, in TCT commodities, the variables that change are mainly the output parameters, namely production volume, price, and revenue. The impact of covid 19 was felt during March-May 2020, which was when the PSPB was implemented. There was a decrease in production in 2020 compared to the previous year. It is hoped that the government will increase its cold storage capacity, so that if there is a lockdown in the export destination country, the output from fishermen can be temporarily accommodated in cold storage.
Production Performance of Aquaculture: Relationship to Business Sustainability in The New Normal Era
Authors: Kusumanti I , Ramadhani D E , Iskandar A , Hendriana A
Published: August 2023

Covid-19 has an impact on all sectors including the economy, fisheries, and aquaculture, especially in developed countries. The aim of this research is to evaluate the impact of Covid-19 on aquaculture activity during the pandemic and post-pandemic conditions. This research was conducted in Lampung Province and Java in April-September 2022. The method is a survey with form and interviews to take primer data. The secondary data is from the study of literature. The analysis of data using Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threat (SWOT) analysis, Internal-External (IE), and Quantitative Strategic Planning (QSPM) matrix. Data is presented in the form of tables and graphs and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that during the pandemic, the highest impact of Covid-19 is in West Java Province 69% compared to Lampung and East Java Province 33%. The main commodity in Lampung and East Java Province is Pacific white shrimp which was not too affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, in West Java Province the most influencing factor for each commodity the was transportation of both fry and brood-stock. Post-pandemic conditions, almost provinces experienced normal conditions. The strategies for the pandemic conditions are to upgrade information on distribution and marketing, use digital marketing and keep following government shipping procedures. Meanwhile, the strategies for the post-pandemic condition are consistent with the production of fry and brood-stock, the use digital marketing, and create the cold storage for oversupply issues.
Feeding frequency on survival, growth, blood glucose of glass eel, Anguilla bicolor bicolor cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system
Authors: Setiadi E , Taufik I , Setijaningsih L , Ardi I , Puspaningsih D
Published: August 2023

Indonesian shortfin eel, Anguilla bicolor bicolor is one of the eel species that high market demand both for local and export. Feeding frequency is an important that related to production for culture. The purpose of this experiment is to determine the optimal feeding frequencies on survival and growth of shortfin eel at glass eel to elver stages cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system. Four treatments of different feeding frequencies and three replicates each were performed. The treatments were as followed A) 1 time a day; B) 2 times a day; C) 3 times a day; and D) 4 times a day. The result showed that the feeding frequency affect the survival, length and weight growths, and glucose value. The best of survival rate (82.61±3.15%), weight (1.91±0.28 g) and length (10.64±0.45cm) found at feeding frequency 3 times a day compared to the others (P<.0.05). Blood glucose value increases with increasing feeding frequency. Water quality such as dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature and pH were within the optimal range. Three times a day of feeding frequency is recommended for applying on glass eel culture in a recirculating aquaculture system.
The effect of time and sea surface temperature on the total catches of beach seines in Gampong Jawa, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Sembiring A R , Affan J M , Aprilla R M , Agustina I , Arif M , Yuni S M , Setiawan I
Published: August 2023

Research of the influences of time and sea surface temperature toward catch of beach seines at Gampong Jawa, Banda Aceh conducted in December 2021 for 15 days. This research aims to analyze the composition of the number of beach catches, discover the effect of time on the number of catches of beach seines, to describe the sea surface temperature in the Gampong Jawa waters. The method used in this research uses a survey method through observing and collecting information directly at the research location; the data were analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of tables or charts. The results showed that the composition of dominant catches of beach seines in Gampong Jawa in the morning was dominated by petek fish (Leiognathus equulus) as much as 23% and in the afternoon dominated by moonfish (Megalops cyprinoides) with a percentage of 62%. The difference in catch time between morning and afternoon tends to have an impact on the catch where the best fishing time is in the afternoon. Based on statistics with paired t test obtained a significant value of 0.023 <α value of 0.05, morning and afternoon time has an effect on the number of fish caught. Then the sea surface temperature during the study was in the range of 27 ºC to 29 ºC.
Effect of water temperature of culture medium on the sex ratio and survival rate of fighting fish Betta dennisyongi larvae
Authors: Nisa U , Aminarah W , Muchlisin Z A , Perdana A W
Published: August 2023

Fighting fish Betta dennisyongi is a popular ornamental freshwater fish in Indonesia. Male fighting fish are preferred because the colour pattern and shape of the fins are more attractive so they are more expensive. This study aims to determine the optimum temperature of rearing media water on the male sex ratio and survival rate of fighting fish larvae. A completely randomized design method with three replications was used in this study. The tested rearing temperature water was: 26°C, 28°C, 30°C, and 32°C. Fish were kept for 40 days. The results of the ANOVA test showed that larval rearing temperature affected significantly the ratio of male and female fish larvae survival (P<0.05). The highest percentage of the male sex was found at a temperature of 32 °C (93.33%), this value was significantly different from other temperature treatments. Meanwhile, the highest larval survival was obtained at a rearing temperature of 28 °C (80.00%), where this value was significantly different from other treatments. Therefore, with economic considerations, it is concluded that the optimal larval rearing media temperature is 28 °C.
Effect of addition of rubber seeds flour (Hevea brasiliensis) in fish feed on growth and feeding efficiency of Gourami (Osphronemus goramy)
Authors: Muhammadar A A , Malasari N , Afriani S , Asmawati M S , Putra D F
Published: August 2023

Gourami fish,Osphronemus goramyis an omnivorous organism that inhabits calm water sich as swamps, lakes. This study aims to determine the effect of using fermented rubber seeds to feed on the growth and survival of Gourami by feeding a mixture of fermented rubber seeds. The research was conducted at the Bungus Fish Seed Center, Padang City in January-February 2022 using the completely randomized design method with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The results showed that the best treatment was in treatment B with the addition of rubber seed flour that had been fermented as much as 30% so that the absolute weight gain value was (3.55 g), Specific Growth Rate (3.10%/day), Feed Conversion Ratio (0.19) and feed efficiency (51.03%). The lowest treatment was in treatment D where the addition of rubber seed flour fermentation was as much as 50% so that it had a bad effect on the growth rate of Gourami seed.
Utilization of palm oil mill effluent as growth media in budikdamber system
Authors: Zulkifli A H , Anisha M F , Almunadiya S , Akmal Y , Rinaldi R , Muliari M
Published: August 2023

Palm oil mill effuent (POME) has the potential to become an environmental pollutant if left unutilized. This study aims to examine the effect of POME on catfish and water spinach growth in the bucket fish culture system (budikdamber). This research was conducted in August-November 2021, and comprises of acclimatization of fish, seeding, POME media preparation, rearing, observation, and data analysis. This study used a completely randomized design, consisting of four treatments and three replications. The treatments was the POME concentrations, consisting of Control (0 mg.L−1), A (1.565 mg.L−1), B (2.347 mg.L−1), and C (3.130 mg.L−1). The fish used were catfish measuring 5-7 cm totaling 20 fish/bucket, while the plant used was seedlings measuring 2-3 cm. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA at 95% confidence level. The research parameters included the catfish Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Survival Rate (SR), along with the height, number of branches, and leaves of water spinach. The results showed that the concentration of 3.130 mg.L−1caused significant differences in fish and plant growth parameters. SGR of catfish decreased significantly at concentrations of 2.347 and 3.130 mg.L−1, meanwhile, SR of catfish was not significantly different. Concentrations of 1.565, 2.347, and 3.130 mg.L−1showed a significant increase in height, branches, and leaves number of water spinach plants.
The influence of Cassia alata L. leaf extract on egg hatchability and survival of larvae silver barb, Barbonymus gonionotus
Authors: Melanie K , Karina S , Amelya K , Rianjuanda D
Published: August 2023

The leaf extract of C. alata showed antifungal activity by inhibiting five pathogenic fungi. Saprolegnia sp. attack was one type of fungus that inhibits the hatchability of eggs. The leaves extract also can inhibit the growth of fungi on gouramy eggs. The objective of this study was to determine the effect and the optimal concentration of Cassia alata L. leaf extract on hatching rate, hatching time, prevalence, and survival of silver barb eggs (Barbonymus gonionotus) infected with Saprolegnia sp. This research was conducted at Balai Budidaya Ikan Krueng Bate, Aceh Barat Daya District in August 2020. Data were analyzed using a completely randomized design with ten treatment levels and two replications. The extract concentrations namely 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 ppm. The fertilized eggs of silver barb were infected by Saprolegnia sp. then treated by immersing in the extract. The result of ANOVA test showed that the Cassia alata L. leaf extract had a significant effect (P <0.05) on hatching rate, hatching time, prevalence, and survival of silver barb eggs. The best concentration of Cassia alata L. leaf extract was 60 ppm.
Phytochemical screening and potential antioxidant of Amphora sp. in different extraction methods
Authors: Khumaidi A , Muqsith A , Wafi A , Mardiyah U , Sandra L
Published: August 2023

Character of Amphora sp., has a golden brown color with bioactives such as photosynthetic pigments which have important biological functions for health. This study aims to determine the method of Amphora sp. extraction which is more effective and efficient in producing qualitative and quantitative bioactive, as well as the best antioxidant activity. Amphora sp., extracted with absolute ethanol solvent using different extraction methods, namely sonication (SON), maceration (MAS), and sonication-maceration (SON-MAS). The sonication method showed more effective and efficient results with yield value. The results showed that the SON-MAS method produced the highest yield of 9.8% compared to MAS 8.71% and SON 8.47%. The highest chlorophyll content was seen in the MAS method, total chlorophyll 2.36 ± 0.07 mg/l. Phytochemical content of the SON-MAS and SON methods contained flavonoids, alkaloids, and triterpenoids, while the MAS method showed two compounds, namely alkaloids and triterpenoids. Quantitatively, the phenol and flavonoid content showed that the SON method had a higher value, namely phenol and flavonoids. The best DPPH free radical scavenging antioxidant activity was seen in the SON method with an IC50 value of 745.2 ppm. The extraction method by sonication is considered to have effectiveness and efficiency in producing bioactive Amphora sp.
Integration between ecoport management and capacity utilization of container terminals as a sustainable seaports development strategy
Authors: Haryani E B S , Alamsyah A R , Suhalis A
Published: August 2023

Seaports have a very important role in world trade, as well as Makassar New Port 1A, which has a very strategic role, especially for the Eastern Indonesia Region. The container terminal at Makassar New Port 1A has an important role in loading and unloading of goods. The use of the capacity of container terminal is urgent to analyze, whether it is optimal or not. Ecoport management is also urgent to analyze because it can affect sustainable port performance. It is necessary to know how is the integration between the use of container terminal capacity and ecoport management at Makassar New Port 1A. So this study aims to: (1) analyze the application of ecoport management in Makassar New Port 1A; (2) analyze the utilization of Makassar New Port 1A container terminal whether it is optimal or not; (3) analyze the integration between ecoport management and the capacity utilization of the Makassar New Port 1A container terminal. The results showed that the use of electrical energy quite efficient and capacity of the Makassar New Port 1A container terminal had not been used optimally with the average BTP value (12.77 TEUs/meter). While the results of the correlation analysis show a strong-enough integration with a value of 0.514, meaning that the management of ecoport and the use of container terminal capacity are interrelated, influencing each other, meaning that development must go hand in hand in order to provide optimal and sustainable benefits.
Growth rate of seedling (Rhizophora sp.) in mangrove ecosystem rehabilitation, Banda Aceh, Aceh Province
Authors: Dewiyanti I , Siregar L Y , El Rahimi S A
Published: August 2023

Ecosystem mangrove is an important ecosystem both ecologically and economically. Therefore, this ecosystem needs to be managed in a sustainable manner. Mangrove rehabilitation is one of the activities to reduce the rate of destruction of mangrove forests and it is a conservation effort on damaged mangrove land. The purposes of the research were to analyse the rate growth of seedling Rhizophora sp. after rehabilitation, and the correlation between environmental parameters and seedling growth in mangrove rehabilitation, Aceh Besar and Banda Aceh. The observation was started from January to March 2022. The results obtained are important data in planning sustainable mangrove forest management. The highest increasing in stem height and stem diameter of Rhizophora sp. were at stations one with values of 1.22 cm week−1 and 0.25 mm week−1. All sampling location showed the number of leaves was increased 1 leave week−1. The highest increasing of stem height at the fourth week with the value were 2.1 cm week−1 in station 1, and 2.2 cm week−1 for station 2. The pearson correlation explained that there was no significantly correlation between environmental characteristics included C-organic, soil fraction, nitrogen (N total), potassium (K), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and temperature with seedlings growth of Rhizophora sp where Psig.>0.05. However, the soil profile consisted of Phosphorous (P) and salinity was significantly correlation with seedling growth due to Psig. <0.05.