bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Noradrenergic axon loss drives olfactory dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Meyer Carolin , Niedermeier Theresa , Feyen Paul , Strübing Felix , Rauchmann Boris , Gentz Johanna , Tillmann Yannik , Ochs Katharina , Wind-Mark Karin , Biechele Gloria , Wagner Jessica , Guersel Selim , Kurz Carolin , Schweiger Meike , Banati Richard , Liu Guo Jun , Middleton Ryan , Mitteregger-Kretzschmar Gerda , Perneczky Robert , Neher Jonas , Tahirovic Sabina , Brendel Matthias , Herms Jochen , Paeger Lars
Published: October 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is often accompanied by early non-cognitive symptoms, including olfactory deficits, such as hyposmia and anosmia1. These have emerged as solid predictors of cognitive decline, but the underlying mechanisms of hyposmia in early AD remain elusive2. Pathologically, one of the brain regions affected earliest is the brainstem locus coeruleus (LC), the main source of the neurotransmitter noradrenalin (NA) and, a well-known neuromodulator of olfactory information processing3. Here we show that early and distinct loss of noradrenergic input to the olfactory bulb (OB) coincides with impaired olfaction in a mouse model of AD, even before pronounced appearance of extracellular amyloid plaques. Mechanistically, OB microglia detect externalized phosphatidylserine and MFG-E8 on hyperactive LC axons and subsequently initiate their clearance. Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) knockout reduces phagocytosis, preserving LC axons and olfaction. Importantly, patients with prodromal AD display elevated TSPO-PET signals in the OB, similarly to APPNL-G-F mice. We further confirm early LC axon degeneration in post-mortem OBs in patients with early AD. Collectively, we uncover an underlying mechanism linking early LC system damage and hyposmia in AD. Our work may help to improve early diagnosis of AD by olfactory testing and neurocircuit analysis and consequently enable early intervention.
The Effects of Emotion Regulation and Coping Skills on Mental Health in Refugee Children
Authors: Çelik Sümeyye Belhan , Özkan Esma
Published: October 2024

Background
Refugee populations around the world are exposed to violence and trauma. Research has demonstrated that a significant number of traumatic occurrences are experienced by refugees who become victims of human rights violations. It has been discovered that trauma exposure causes serious mental health issues in all populations. Emotion regulation and coping strategies for children living with these risks play an important role in maintaining and promoting mental health. The literature on the mental health of refugee children has several studies, but it is evident that when addressing life events that may affect mental health in these studies, crucial factors like emotion regulation and coping are not addressed and need to be looked into. Thus, this study aims to examine the effects of emotion regulation and coping on mental health in 120 refugee children with an average age of 10.91 ± 1.61.
Methods
The Demographic Information Form, the Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC), the Coping Scale for Children and Youth (CSCY), and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were administered to children who consented to participate in the study.
Results
It was found that there was a medium to strong significant relationship between SDQ sub-dimensions and total score and ERC and CSCY scores in refugee children (p < 0.001). We found that the emotion regulation and coping skills variables included in the regression model explained 83.3% of the SDQ score.
Conclusion
Our study establishes a correlation between the factors examined and mental health. Our results show that refugee children with high emotional regulation and coping strategies are more successful in reducing the difficulties they experience in attention, emotional, behavioral, peer relations and social areas, and that these children's emotional regulation and coping skills have an impact on their mental health. Therefore, we believe that health professionals can play a critical role in improving the mental health of refugee children, who are the most vulnerable group to war trauma, by reducing the effects of their traumatic experiences and helping them adapt to their new lives by developing emotional regulation and coping skills.
The association between multidimensional obesity and cognitive function in the older adults: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2011-2014
Authors: Li Ningning , Liu Junjun , Qi Guihua , Feng Xiaotang , Liu Yuling , Liu Linglong
Published: October 2024

Objective The eight indicators of Waist Circumference (WC), Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Roundness Index (BRI), A Body Shape Index (ABSI), Centrality Index (CI), Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI), Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR), and Waist-to-Weight Ratio (WWI) were used to assess the multidimensional relationship between obesity and cognitive function.
Methods By using data from The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database, researchers selected eight different obesity indices as obesity indicators and used a linear regression model to analyze the relationship between obesity and cognitive function.
Results This cross-sectional study analyzed cognitive function in 736 individuals aged 60 and older. Upon controlling for all potential confounding variables, there exists a substantial negative correlation between BRI, the WHtR and Animal fluency test. There exist statistically noteworthy negative correlations between the ABSI and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) score. There were statistically significant negative associations between the 4st quartile WWI and the DSST score.
Conclusions In addition to focusing on traditional types of obesity such as BMI and WC, more attention should be paid to the risks of cognitive function decline brought about by obesity indicators such as BRI, ABSI, WHtR, and WWI.
Geochemical characterization of different phases of phosphate sludge waste according to their density in seawater
Authors: SAMA Daouda , KPIAGOU Pamane , GMAKOUBA M’bènibé , LAKMON Laounwi , GNAGAMAGO Agbessi Gerard , GNANDI Kissao
Published: October 2024

Phosphate treatment at the Kpémé plant uses hydrocycloning with seawater, which produces phosphate sludge wastes discharged into the sea without any prior treatment. This waste is highly enriched in trace elements, and is the source of water and coastal sediment pollution. A study of the bulk density of the phases obtained shows that the apatite-rich phase is denser than the clay-rich phase. Clay-rich phases will be transported over longer distances than apatite-rich phases, in accordance with the sea environment conditions prevailing on the coast. The clay-rich phase has a higher degree of acidity and redox potential than the apatite-rich phase. These phosphate sludgy wastes and the various phases are enriched in Cr, Cd, Cu, Co, Zn, Ni and Hg compared with the earth's crust. On the other hand, the light phase is more enriched in trace elements than the apatite-rich phase. The light phase has a higher Kd for all elements than the apatite-rich phase, except for Cd. This makes the light phase much more toxic once each phase is resuspended and carried by tidal currents to sea.
Reorganization of brain connectivity in post-COVID condition A 18F-FDG PET study
Authors: VERGER Antoine , DOYEN Matthieu , HEYER Sebastien , GOEHRINGER François , BRUYERE Alexandra , KAPHAN Elsa , CHINE Meriem , MENARD Amélie , HOROWITZ Tatiana , Guedj Eric
Published: October 2024

Background. A hypometabolic brain pattern has been reported in patients with post-COVID condition. The aim of this study was to investigate reorganization in metabolic connectivity in patients with post-COVID condition (PCC). Results. One hundred eighty-eight patients who underwent brain 18F-FDG PET for PCC were retrospectively included from two university hospital centres. These patients were age- and sex-matched to 120 healthy controls who underwent brain 18F-FDG PET before the COVID-19 outbreak. A voxel-based group comparison between patients and controls was performed (p-voxel at 0.005 uncorrected, p-cluster at 0.05 FWE corrected). Interregional correlation analyses (IRCA) of the identified clusters as well as sparse inverse covariance estimations (SICEs) at whole-brain scaling were also conducted. Both analyses were performed at the group level for all patients and then secondarily according to the postinfection delay; 88 and 100 patients, respectively, had a delay of less than or greater than 9 months (± 9 M). Three hypometabolic clusters, namely, the right frontotemporal, right and left cerebellar, were identified from the voxel-based group comparisons of PCC patients. Within this hypometabolic PCC pattern, a modification in metabolic connectivity was observed in patients compared with controls, which was more marked in the + 9 M group than in the − 9 M group. On the other hand, the graph analysis revealed a decrease in connectivity efficiency metrics in the PCC. Conclusions. Metabolic connectivity is modified in patients with PCC within the hypometabolic post-COVID-19 network, with lasting reorganization evolving over time, suggesting functional adaptation.
Multi-receptor whole-cortex adaptations with long-term opioid use in chronic pain
Authors: Baliki Marwan , Apkarian Apkar , Vigotsky Andrew , Rached Gaelle , Jabakhanji Rami , Huang Lejian , Branco Paulo , Barroso Joana , Cong Olivia , Centeno Maria Virginia , Cermak Sam , Griffith James , Schnitzer Thomas , Wasan Ajay
Published: October 2024

Millions of chronic (non-cancer) pain patients manage their pain with long-duration opioid use1-3, but the neurobiological implications of stable long-term opioid consumption remain unknown. Here, we contrasted the clinical profiles and brain structure and function of 70 chronic back pain patients prescribed opioids (CBP+O, average opioid exposure of 7.8 years) with 70 matched patients managing their pain without opioids (CBP−O) and 39 matched healthy subjects. Despite CBP+O exhibiting only modestly worse clinical profiles than CBP−O with small differences in brain morphology, CBP+O had starkly different brain activity (ALFF). These brain activity differences strongly reflected the cortical spatial distributions of serotonin (5-HT1A and 5-HT1B) and mu-opioid (MOR) receptor densities: CBP+O had greater MOR- and lower serotonin-related activity. Serotonin and MOR-related activities were associated with patients’ functional disability, negative affect, opioid dose, abstinence status, and, in an independent sample, tapering success, indicating that receptor-related activity is a biomarker for multiple clinically relevant characteristics of CBP+O patients. Through pharmacological perturbations in two separate studies (opioid abstinence and 5-HT1A agonist administration), we found that cortical serotonergic and opioidergic circuits comprise opponent processes. Our results show that long-term opioid use implicates multiple receptors; their interaction points to a molecular target and a molecule that may be exploited to aid opioid tapering.
Non-invasive Oxygenation Strategies for Reducing the Incidence of Pneumonia in Adult Patients with Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Hokari Satoshi , Kimata Shunsuke , Sakuraya Masaaki , Okano Hiromu , Masuyama Tomoyuki
Published: October 2024

Background: In the current guidelines, the usage of non-invasive oxygenation strategies, such as non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) and high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO), for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) are unable to provide conclusive recommendations. We aimed to identify the most optimum respiratory management strategy reducing pneumonia in patients with AHRF.
Methods: We searched the four databases for eligible trials. Studies including adults with AHRF and randomized controlled trials comparing two different respiratory management methods (NPPV, HFNO, standard oxygen therapy [SOT], or invasive mechanical ventilation [IMV]) were reviewed. The primary outcome was the incidence of pneumonia. A network meta-analysis was performed a frequentist approach with a multivariate random-effects meta-analysis.
Results: We identified 14,263 unique articles, reviewed 126 full-text articles, and finally included 13 studies. Using IMV as the reference, NPPV (risk ratio [RR], 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.11–0.51; moderate certainty) and HFNO (RR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.09–0.64; moderate certainty) were significantly associated with a lower incidence of pneumonia. Compared with SOT, NPPV (RR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.35–0.84; moderate certainty) but not HFNO (RR, 0.55; 95% CI 0.27–1.13; low certainty) was significantly associated with a lower incidence of pneumonia. The probability of being the best in reducing the incidence of pneumonia among all interventions was higher for NPPV and HFNO, followed by SOT, whereas IMV was the worst.
Conclusions: Our findings imply that NPPV and HFNO may be the most effective strategies for primary respiratory management in adults with AHRF to reduce pneumonia.
Subcutaneous interstitial pressure measurement during early septic shock: a case-control study
Authors: Dargent Auguste , Fournel Isabelle , Jacquier Marine , Dumargne Hugo , Argaud Laurent , Quenot Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2024

Background
Fluid therapy is the cornerstone of septic shock management, but it is also responsible of a deleterious fluid overload, corresponding to accumulation of fluid in the interstitium due to capillary leakage. Interstitium contributes directly to capillary leakage by decreasing interstitial pressure during inflammation. This phenomenon was thoroughly described in burns and other models of inflammation including endotoxemia, but its role during sepsis was never explored in a clinical study. Our objective was to explore the subcutaneous interstitial pressure (SIP) changes during sepsis.
Methods
This case-control study included adult patients admitted in ICU since less than 24h, under sedation and mechanical ventilation, without overt subcutaneous edema and with crystalloid resuscitation < 50ml/kg. In the septic shock group, additional criteria were presence of septic shock since less than 24h, and in the control arm absence of current severe infection. Interstitial pressure was measured using a subcutaneous transducer-tipped probe.
Results
The SIP was measured in 31 patients and was not significantly different between septic shock and control patients: 1.64 ± 2.89 versus 2.51 ± 2.39 mmHg, respectively (p = 0.370). Patients with a strictly negative SIP were all in the septic shock group but one, although the absolute difference was not significant (5 (31%) vs 1 (7%) respectively, p = 0.172).
Conclusion
Subcutaneous interstitial pressure was not significantly lower in patients with septic shock, but sub-atmospheric SIP was prevalent only in the septic shock group, despite higher fluid balance. Further studies are required to demonstrate the role of interstitial pressure in increasing capillary leakage during sepsis.
Diagnostic accuracy of intraoral mobile photography for oral health screening in children: A pilot study
Authors: Mania Lia , Nanobashvili Ketevan , Manjavidze Tinatin , Benashvili Mamuka , Astamadze Ia
Published: October 2024

Background
Mobile dental photography is increasing in relevance in the diagnosis of oral diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of intraoral mobile photography in assessing caries intensity (decayed, missing/extracted, filled teeth), simplified oral hygiene index, and modified gingival index.
Methods
This study included 358 children of 7–12 years of age. A clinician evaluated decayed, missing/extracted, filled teeth; simplified oral hygiene; and modified gingival indices by visual examination. Simultaneously, dental students recorded intraoral photographs with a mobile phone in eight predetermined projections. Another oral professional calculated indices based on the photographs. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of dental photography were evaluated, and Cohen's kappa was calculated.
Results
A total of 2864 photographs were evaluated in this study. The sensitivity and specificity of mobile photography for decayed, missing, filled teeth; decayed, extracted, filled teeth; simplified oral hygiene, and modified gingival indices were 95.8 (95% confidence interval: 93.4–98.3) and 89.2 (83–95.5); 100.0 (100–100) and 88.6 (79.3–98); 89.7 (85.8–93.5) and 91.4 (86.3–96.5); and 77.6 (67.6–87.6) and 93.8 (91–96.6), respectively; positive predictive values were 96.2, 97.7, 95.6, and 74.3; negative predictive values 88.3, 100.0, 80.9, and 94.8; and Cohen’s Kappa values were 0.848, 0.928, 0.784, and 0.702, respectively.
Conclusions
Intraoral mobile photography, based on appropriate guidelines, is reliable for assessing decayed, missing/extracted, filled teeth; simplified oral hygiene; and modified gingival indices in children and could be a useful tool in dental public health, supporting the involvement of dental students in similar research studies.
Comparative Effectiveness of Laparoscopic versus Open Colectomy in Colon Cancer Patients: A Study Protocol for Emulating a Target Trial Using Cancer Registry Data
Authors: Abera Semaw Ferede , Robers Gabriele , Kästner Anika , Stentzel Ulrike , Weitmann Kerstin , Hoffmann Wolfgang
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The objective of this study is to compare the 5-year overall survival of patients with stage I – III colon cancer surgically treated by laparoscopic colectomy versus open colectomy. Methods: Using Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Cancer Registry data from 2008 to 2018, we will emulate a phase III, multicenter, open-label, two-parallel-arm hypothetical target trial in adult patients with stage I – III colon cancer who received laparoscopic or open colectomy as an elective treatment. An inverse probability-weighted parametric (Royston‒Parmar) survival model (IPWPSM) will be used to estimate the hazard ratio of laparoscopic versus open surgery after baseline factors are balanced between the two treatment arms. An inverse probability weighted Kaplan‒Meier curve will be used to compare five-year overall survival in both treatment arms. The hazard ratio will be complemented by absolute differences in the restricted mean survival time (at 1-year, 3-years, and 5-years) between laparoscopic and open surgical treatment. Various comparator and sensitivity analyses will be performed to check the robustness of the results that will be estimated by the IPWPSM main model. Treatment period- and stage-specific results will also be provided. Discussion: This study aims to causally model the effect of laparoscopic versus open colectomy on 5-year overall survival using a target trial emulation approach. As the cancer registry data do not cover BMI, comorbidity, and previous abdominal surgery for non-malignant indications, the potential for residual confounding arising from these factors is a limitation of this study. This will be approached in a quantitative bias analysis using the E-method. The results will substantiate existing evidence on the comparative effectiveness of laparoscopic versus open colectomy in patients with stage I – III colon cancer and may guide clinical decisions as to whether a laparoscopic approach is as safe as an open approach in terms of improving 5-year overall survival in these patient groups.
Seroprevalence of human toxoplasmosis in Sudan from 1990 to 2022: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mohammed Abdullah
Published: October 2024

Human toxoplasmosis is a prevalent zoonotic infection with significant public health implications. Sudan has a high burden of toxoplasmosis, but the overall prevalence of the infection is unknown. This meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled seroprevalence of human toxoplasmosis in Sudan and identify its risk factors. This meta-analysis study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. It included all studies conducted in both English and Arabic before March 31, 2023, from different databases. The results were analyzed using STATA software version 16.0.
Fifty-six studies with 10,006 participants were included in the analysis. The pooled seroprevalence of human toxoplasmosis in Sudan was 36% (95% confidence interval (CI): 31%–41%). Males had a higher pooled seroprevalence than females (56% vs. 44%). Other risk factors for toxoplasmosis infection included hemodialysis, being of childbearing age, HIV infection, and occupational exposure to animals. People living in southern Sudan had the highest pooled seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis (47%).
The findings of this meta-analysis suggest that human toxoplasmosis is a highly endemic infection in Sudan, with a higher prevalence in the southern region. Males, hemodialysis patients, women of childbearing age, HIV patients, and workers occupationally exposed to animals are at an increased risk of infection.
Historical Continuity in the Morphological Marking of Subjectivity? Textual Perspectives on the Origin of English Adverbial "-ly" in Late Old and Early Middle English
Authors: Lenker Ursula
Published: October 2024

In spite of the fact that the Present-Day English “adverbial signature” – the suffix ‑ly – is peculiar to English among the Germanic languages and that its emergence seems to conflict with general tendencies of language change in English – the loss of inflectional endings and the fact that English is otherwise happy to allow zero-derivation – neither the early history of ‑ly in Old and Middle English nor the exact date and reasons for its remarkable spread have been fully understood. Recently, the subjective semantics of adverbs in ‑ly have received considerable attention, in both synchronic and diachronic studies. This claim for a particular subjective (abstract or figurative) meaning of adverbs in ‑ly, however, rests almost exclusively one study, Donner’s lexicographical examination of MED material (1991). This chapter inspects the potential of comprehensive textual studies for the suggested subjective semantics in the early use of ‑ly, focussing on two late Old English translations of the Theodulfi Capitula and the early Middle English poem The Owl and the Nightingale, one of the earliest idiomatic and colloquial English texts.
Dielectric parameters of polymers and monomers of the vinyl series in the microwave range
Authors: Alyeva A. B. , Ananicheva S. A. , Krapivnitckaia T. O. , Kolyakina E. V. , Glyavin M. Yu. , Parshin V. V. , Serov E. A.
Published: October 2024

The production of polymeric materials is one of the fast-growing sectors in the chemical industry. Improving methods for synthesizing high-molecular compounds and studying their physicochemical characteristics are important tasks of synthetic chemistry. Radical polymerization is currently the main method for producing polymeric materials. Its advantages involve simplicity and low cost, along with the possibility of obtaining a wide range of polymeric materials. The results of measuring the dielectric parameters of various high-molecular compounds (polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, poly(glycidyl methacrylate)) in the frequency range of 100–200 GHz (refractive index and dielectric loss tangent tgδ) are presented. The compounds under study were both those synthesized by radical polymerization with the participation of the conventional initiator, i.e., azobisisobutyric acid dinitrile, and commercial products. The absorption capacity of polymers at room temperature was compared. Polymers with the highest and lowest absorption capacity were determined. The dependence of tgδ on frequency for all the polymers under study is linear, with absorption in the polymers increasing with frequency. Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) exhibits the highest absorption among the studied macromolecules with tgδ being equal to 0.043 at 200 GHz. The minimum tgδ value of 0.0068 was found for polystyrene. For the polymers under study, the refractive index value varies in the range from 1.09 to 1.39. In addition, dielectric properties of the original vinyl monomers (styrene, vinyl acetate, glycidyl methacrylate) were studied. The results are of interest when developing approaches to obtaining polymeric materials with specified characteristics based on vinyl monomers by the method of radical polymerization.
Native organization of alternative NAD(P)H-dehydrogenases NDA and NDB in mitochondria of etiolated pea sprouts
Authors: Ukolova I. V. , Kondakova M. A. , Borovskii G. B.
Published: October 2024

Numerous biochemical and structural studies into the native organization of oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria of various eukaryotic organisms have convincingly shown that respiratory complexes can associate with one another to form higher-order structures referred to as supercomplexes. Plant mitochondria are distinguished by a more complicated organization of the respiratory chain due to the presence of a number of alternative oxidoreductases. It is considered that these enzymes do not physically interact with those of the cytochrome pathway. However, the available literature data obtained on yeast mitochondria suggests the possibility of such an association. In this regard, we aimed to study the native organization of alternative NAD(P)H-dehydrogenases NDA and NDB in plant mitochondria. The work was performed on six-day etiolated pea seedlings. The 2D BN/SDS-PAGE in combination with immunochemistry found that, in pea organelles, the main part of the populations of NDA and NDB alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenases were included in superstructures with masses of 700, 780, and 900 kDa. Additionally, NDA was detected in the region of 1480 and 1600 kDa, and NDB was registered at values of 1330, 340, and 100–120 kDa. An analysis of subunit profiles of the observed associations and a colorimetric detection of ATPase activity in 1D BN-gel suggested that the major part of the NDA and NDB populations identified by the available antibodies was associated with ATP synthase and represented a heterogeneous population of ATP-synthasomes, assumably, with a NDA2/NDB2Va/b1-2 composition. The rest of the enzymes were likely to be part of the NDA2/NDB2III2IV and NDA2IV1Va2 supercomplexes. The physiological significance of the association of alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenases with ATP synthase requires further study.
Synthesis, structure, and biological activity of sodium, zinc, and magnesium mono- and bis-1-alkoxy-4-(2′-naphthyl)-1,4-dioxo-2-buten-2-olates
Authors: Kunavina E. A. , Sizentsov A. N. , Brezhnev A. M. , Voronkova D. S.
Published: October 2024

The search for new biologically active compounds is a key area of chemical science. Therefore, the synthesis of compounds with a potentially bactericidal effect seems relevant. In order to extend the range of biologically active substances, the synthesis of sodium 4-(2’-naphthyl)-1,4-dioxo-1-ethoxy-2-buten-2-olate and sodium 1-butoxy-4-(2´-naphthyl)-1,4-dioxo-2-buten-2-olate was carried out by Claisen condensation of equimolar amounts of 2-acetonaphtone and dialkyloxalates in a non-polar medium in the presence of sodium as a condensing agent. Bidentate mononuclear metal chelates were obtained by the metal exchange reaction of sodium oxoenolates with Zn(II) and Mg(II) salts. The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy, (1Н, 13С) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The infrared spectra of solid samples of sodium oxoenolates and metal complexes contain bands of stretching vibrations of ester carbonyl groups, skeletal vibrations of aromatic rings, as well as “ether” bands due to vibrations of C–O–C bonds. The 1Н and 13С nuclear magnetic resonance spectra recorded in CDCl3 and Dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 are characterized by a complete set of all expected signals with chemical shift values that are well comparable with the reference data. In the mass spectra of the analyzed compounds, recorded in an acetonitrile solution in the electrospray mode, signals of [M+H]+ and [M+Na]+ protonated and cationized molecules are observed. The bactericidal action of the synthesized preparations was assessed using the agar well diffusion method in combination with the serial dilution method. The biological activity of sodium 4-(2’-naphthyl)-1,4-dioxo-1-ethoxy-2-buten-2-olate against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Staphylococcus Aureus, as well as sodium 1-butoxy-4-(2’-naphthyl)-1,4-dioxo-2-buten-2-olate against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, was revealed. Pronounced resistance of Salmonella spp. to the studied compounds was established.
Dried Laminaria thalli extract for stimulating germination and digestibility of oats and buckwheat
Authors: Snegireva A. V. , Meleshkina L. E. , Musina O. N.
Published: October 2024

Despite their beneficial properties, cereal crops contain a number of antinutritive substances, the amount of which can be reduced by germination. In this work, we test the hypothesis about the possibility of stimulating the germination of cereal crops (on the example of oats and buckwheat) and increasing their digestibility using a dried Laminaria thalli extract. The research was conducted using hulless oats (Avena nudisativa) for germination and hulled buckwheat grain (Fagopyrum esculentum), as well as dried Laminaria thalli. Germination was carried out at a temperature of (20±2) °C for 120 h, using drinking water (control) and drinking water with addition of 1 wt% of dried kelp thalli. The germination intensity was assessed based on the mass of 1000 grains, sprout length, and the number of germinated grains. In all samples, the mass fraction of extractive substances and dry matter digestibility with modifications were determined. It was found that the addition of dried Laminaria thalli to water in the amount of 1 wt% stimulates the germination of oats and buckwheat, as well as their digestibility, significantly. The experimental samples demonstrated an improved water absorption and an increase in the weight of 1000 grains, sprout length, and the number of germinated grains. The use of dried Laminaria thalli extract in germination of oats and buckwheat for food purposes reduces the technological process up to two days with a simultaneous increase in digestibility and minimization of losses of extractive substances.
A Deep Cascade Architecture for Stroke Lesion Segmentation and Synthetic Parametric Map Generation over CT St
Authors: Florez Sebastian , Gomez Santiago , Garcia Julian , Martínez Fabio
Published: October 2024

Stroke is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. Immediate attention and diagnosis play a crucial role in patient prognosis. Nowadays, computed tomography (CT) is the most utilized diagnostic imaging for early analysis and lesion stroke detection. Nonetheless, acute lesions are not visible on CT, and it is only possible to use this modality in screening analysis, discarding other neurological affectations. Expert radiologists can observe stroke lesions in advanced stages (subacute and chronic), as hypodense regions, but with limited sensibility and remarked subject variability. Computational strategies have been addressed to support lesion segmentation, following deep autoencoders and multimodal inputs. However, these strategies remain limited due to the high variability in the appearance and geometry of stroke lesions. This work introduces a novel deep representation that uses multimodal inputs from CT studies and parametric maps, computed from perfusion (CTP), to retrieve stroke lesions. The architecture follows an autoencoder deep representation, that forces attention on the geometry of stroke through additive cross-attention modules. Besides, a cascade train is herein proposed to generate synthetic perfusion maps that complement multimodal inputs and help with stroke lesion refinement at each stage of processing. The proposed approach brings saliency maps that support observational expert analysis, about lesion localization, but also lead with automatic shape estimation of the stroke. The proposed approach was validated on the ISLES 2018 public dataset with a total of 92 studies that include the annotation of an expert radiologist. The proposed approach achieves a Dice score of 0.66 and a precision of 0.67, outperforming classical autoencoder approximations.
Assessing the impacts of peer-to-peer recommender system on online shopping: PLS-SEM approach
Authors: Nguyen Cuong , Nguyen Ninh
Published: October 2024

Peer-to-peer recommender systems play a critical role in online shopping in Vietnam. This paper aims to identify the relationship between Recommendation Quality and Purchase Intention and the moderating effects of Attitude and Trust on this relationship. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling was used as a research method. The sample consisted of 365 respondents who frequently use recommender system when shopping online. Data were collected using non-probability sampling method. The questionnaire is delivered to online customers who frequently rely on peer-to-peer recommender systems to make a purchase decision. The results show that Recommendation Transparency, Recommendation Accuracy, Recommendation Novelty, and Recommendation Diversity are positively related to Recommendation Quality. Consequently, Recommendation Quality has a positive impact on Attitude, Trust, and Purchase Intention. Besides, Attitude has a positive impact on online Purchase Intention. Trust also has a positive impact on online Purchase Intention. Practical implications are proposed to improve the impacts of peer-to-peer recommender systems on online shopping.
Examination of Thermal Dispersion and Airflow within a Refrigerator
Authors: Molani Nima , Kepekçi Haydar
Published: October 2024

A blast freezer, characterized by its capability to diminish the core temperature of cooked food from 100 °C to -18 °C within 270 minutes, constitutes a critical component in this preservation process. This study endeavors to model a blast freezer system employing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methodologies, subsequently validating the CFD analysis through empirical investigations. The pressure-based k-ε turbulence model is employed to solve the Navier-Stokes and energy equations. The ensuing analyses encompass airflow assessments and temperature evaluations for unloaded and fully loaded blast freezers. Results gleaned from experiments and analyses indicate a temperature escalation within the cabin as it approaches the enclosure walls. Maximum velocities of 31.1 m/s and 26.9 m/s are recorded for unloaded and fully loaded freezers. The average disparity between the CFD and experimental models is computed as -0.7 °C, signifying a close alignment between the simulated and actual outcomes.
Toprakkale (Osmaniye) Bölgesi Bazaltik Kayaçlarının Jeolojik, Petrografik ve Mineralojik Özellikleri
Authors: Yapıcı Nil , Nurlu Nusret , Sonsun Hande
Published: October 2024

Çalışmanın amacı Osmaniye İli, Toprakkale ilçesi, Türkmen beldesi'nde yüzeyleyen bazaltik cüruf ve lavların detaylı jeolojik, petrografik ve mineralojik incelemeleridir. Gerçekleştirilen çalışmalarda bu kayaçların mineralojik, petrografik bileşimi ve dokusal özellikleri ortaya konmuş ve mevcut mineralojik bileşenleri tanımlanmıştır. Çalışma alanındaki bazik bileşimli kayaçlar genellikle piroklastik, gaz boşluklu bazaltlar (cüruf) ve kolon debili (masif) olarak üç tipte bulunmaktadır İlk tip olarak gözlemlenen bazik karakterli piroklastik kayaçlar genellikle çapı yaklaşık 1 m'ye kadar olan volkanik cüruf, tüf ve volkan bombalarından oluşmaktadır. Bölgedeki ikinci tip volkanik ürün, gaz boşluklu (cüruf) seviyeleridir. Cüruf içerikli kayaçlarının alt seviyelerinde ise yer yer masif yapılı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bazaltların (cüruf-masif) genellikle intergranüler porfirik dokuda ve ofitik dokuya sahip olduğu ve cürüf türü kayaçların bol miktarda soğuma gaz boşlukları içerdiği belirlenmiştir. Bununla beraber boşluk içermeyen masif tipteki bazik volkanik kayaçlar ise olivin, piroksen ve plajiyoklaz mikrolitlerinden oluşmakta ve cüruf tipinde gözlenen volkanik kayaçların üzerinde ortalama 1,5-2,2 metre kalınlıkta gözlenmektedirler.
Trafik Kaynaklı Emisyonun Azaltılabilmesi Amacıyla Sürdürülebilir ve Çok Modlu Yol Ağlarının Tasarlanması; Erzurum – Tortum Yolu Örneği
Authors: Kuşkapan Emre , Yıldırım Mahmut , Aydın Ömer Lütfü
Published: October 2024

Dünya genelinde artan taşıt sayısı ile ulaşım kaynaklı hava kirlilikleri çok ciddi seviyelere gelmiştir. Bu durumu önlemek için gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan birçok ülkede ulaşım sistemlerinin daha verimli kullanıldığı sürdürülebilir ulaşım türlerine yönelimler başlamıştır. Sürdürülebilir ulaşım sistemlerinde, otomobile dayalı ulaşım sistemleri yerine çok modlu ulaşım sistemleri esas alınarak daha çevreci, güvenilir ve verimli ulaşım olanakları sağlanabilmektedir. Yapılan bu çalışmada da Erzurum İlinde yer alan ve Tortum Yolu olarak ifade edilen yol kesiminde çok modlu bir ulaşım altyapısının oluşturulması gerektiği ve bu doğrultuda hava kirliliğinin önemli ölçüde azaltılabileceği belirlenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda da yapılan saha çalışmaları, incelemeler ve SketchUp ve Lumion Pro 12.5 programlarıyla yapılan modellemeler sonucunda mevcut yol ağı için alternatif bir yol ağı tasarımı yapılmıştır. Modellenen yol ağı için de hava kirlilik değerleri hesaplandığında mevcut duruma göre yaklaşık %24 azalma olacağı öngörülmüştür. Bu sonuçlar Ülkemizin temiz hava eylem planı hedeflerine ulaşılması için önemli rol oynayacaktır.
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Single Jersey Knitted Fabrics Containing Recycled Cotton Fiber and Fabric Performance
Authors: Doba Kadem Füsun , Ozan Raziye
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the life cycle assesment of single jersey knitted fabrics containing recycled cotton and their some performance properties. In the yarn production stage fibers obtained from waste through mechanical recycling (pre-consumer recycle) were used in blends at 10%, 15%, and 20% to produce knitted fabrics. Some performance properties such as fabric stiffness, air permeability, and dimensional change, which are important in the usage properties of jersey knitted fabrics, were compared. Within the scope of the study, the environmental impact of the use of recycled raw materials was evaluated with LCA. According to the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) results, the use of recycled cotton with contributions ranging from 10% to 20% instead of 100% original cotton demonstrated significant improvements in resource depletion (fossil fuels), global warming, ozone layer depletion, toxic impact on human life, toxic impact on freshwater life, toxic impact on terrestrial life, and total water usage.
Nossa Senhora da Conceição da Roça do Alferes: doação; construção e rivalidade (XVIII/XIX)
Authors: Souza Alan de Carvalho
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo esclarecer o motivo pelo qual Nossa Senhora da Conceição foi escolhida como protetora do povoado que seria fundada posteriormente, a vila de Paty do Alferes. Contudo, após a análise das principais referências sobre a ocupação da localidade, foi possível perceber que os dois primeiros sesmeiros nem sequer se encontravam assentados na região. Assim, após esclarecer tais aspectos, a escolha de N. S. da Conceição como padroeira e a chegada dos fundadores da vila, apresentamos fatos relacionados a disputa pela construção da igreja que só foi entregue aos moradores em 1844. Isto é, cento e cinco anos após a escrituração da doação realizada em 1739 em benefício da então capela.
 Palavras-chave: Nossa Senhora da Conceição; Paty do Alferes; Disputas
Aldeamento dos povos indígenas da região do sertão de Valença – o que mudou no discurso historiográfico?
Authors: De Oliveira Mattos Raimundo César
Published: October 2024

A História de Valença sempre esteve ligada ao aspecto religioso desde a fundação da Aldeia de Nossa Senhora da Glória de Valença em 1803. Como era comum em Portugal e em suas possessões, o regime do padroado unia Igreja e Estado e a obra de aldeamento dos povos indígenas da região, denominados Coroados, esteve também unida ao processo missionário e catequético. Assim, a nomeação do Padre Manoel Gomes Leal foi feita, inicialmente, pelo Vice-Rei e, depois, confirmada pelo bispo de Niterói, então responsável pelo local. A partir daí, teve início a presença da Igreja em, Valença evoluindo até a criação da Diocese em 1925. Aqui vamos ver como foi materializado o projeto de aldeamento e catequização dos Coroados.
Uptake of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Mouse Brain through Intranasal Delivery
Authors: Zhang Zihe , He Siqi , Jiang Weijie , Lu Jing , Liu Songbin , Xu Wenjun , Wang Zhi , Lu Fangfang , Xiao Qiguo , Zhang Jia
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles that widely participate in
intercellular communication. An increasing number of studies have reported on the neuroprotective
effects of stem cell-derived exosomes in brain diseases through various delivery methods. However,
only a few reports are available on the delivery and uptake of stem cell-derived exosomes in the
brains of mice of different ages.

Methods:

PKH-26-labelled mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes were collected, and their uptake
was investigated in the brains of mice aged 2 weeks, 2 months, and >6 months, 24 hours after
intranasal delivery.

Results:

No exosomes were distributed in the whole brains of 2-week-old mice after 24 hours of intranasal
delivery. However, a small number of exosomes were found in the olfactory bulb, cortex, and
hippocampus of 2-month-old mice, with no exosomes observed in the cerebellum. In contrast, a large
number of exosomes were ingested in all brain regions, including the olfactory bulb, cortex, hippocampus,
and cerebellum, of >6-month-old mice.

Conclusion:

Exosomes can enter the brains of adult mice through intranasal administration, but there
are differences in the uptake rate among mice of different ages. These findings provide a theoretical
basis for the future clinical administration of exosomes for treating brain disorders.
A Phase II Clinical Study on Apatinib Plus Vinorelbine in Refractory HER2-Negative Breast Cancer and its Metabolic Implications of Drug Resistance
Authors: Wu Jing , Deng Pan , Zou La , Liu Xiaoyu , Tang Xianjun , Zeng Xiaohua , Liu Shengchun
Published: October 2024

Background:

Apatinib, a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor that targets the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, contributes to the inhibition of angiogenesis. Vinorelbine, a semisyn-thetic vinca alkaloid, primarily inhibits metaphase mitosis of cancer cells through its interactions with tubulin. This study aimed to evaluate whether apatinib combined with vinorelbine was ef-fective and safe for refractory human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer patients who failed taxanes and/or anthracycline and analyze the possible mechanism of drug resistance through metabolomic analysis.

Methods:

Eligible patients were HER2-negative, inoperable, locally advanced, or metastatic breast cancer patients who progressed after at least one chemotherapy regimen in this present prospective phase II study. Patients took oral apatinib (250-500 mg/day) plus intravenous infusion of vinorelbine (25 mg/m2 on day 1, day 8 at 3-week intervals). Objective response rate (ORR) was our primary endpoint, while disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and toxicity were our secondary endpoints. The exploratory purpose was to identify biomarkers or drug resistance mechanisms through metabolomics changes before and after the combination therapy.

Results:

Between September, 2019 and June, 2022, a total of 34 patients were included. ORR and DCR were 32.4% (11/34) and 85.3% (29/34), respectively. The median PFS was 5.0 months (95% CI, 3.766-6.234), while the median OS was 13.0 months (95% CI, 8.714-17.286). Side effects included hematologic toxicity, gastrointestinal reaction, and sinus tachycardia, which were mild to moderate. The mainly disturbed metabolic pathways were the cAMP signaling pathway, the alanine/aspartate/glutamate metabolism, the central carbon metabolism in cancer, the beta-alanine metabolism, the butanoate metabolism, and the glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, which may lead to the resistance of patients to this combination therapy.

Conclusion:

Apatinib combined with vinorelbine is effective and safe in patients with locally advanced or metastatic refractory HER2-negative breast cancer. The findings of this study con-tribute to a better understanding of the metabolic effect of apatinib and vinorelbine therapy.
MMP7, Regulated by c-Jun, is Involved in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Associated with Cancer-Related Fibroblasts Infiltration
Authors: Wei Jian , Jiang Xiaoxi , Xu Yiwen , Nie Minhai , Yang Sen , Chen Xiao , Huang Lijuan , Liu Xuqian
Published: October 2024

Objective:

This study aimed to analyze the expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) and molecular mechanism at the Transcription Factor (TF) level in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods:

MMP7 expression was preliminarily explored in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Car-cinoma (HNSCC) in the online database, followed by functional analysis and prediction of TF of MMP7. IHC was employed to detect MMP7 levels in OSCC samples. SCC9 and 293T cells were used to explore the transcriptional and regulatory effects of predicted TF on MMP7 by reporter double luciferase assay, RT-qPCR, western blotting, and cellular immunofluorescence. Transwell and TUNEL were employed to detect the migration and apoptosis.

Results:

MMP7 was significantly up-regulated in HNSCC and OSCC tissues. Moreover, MMP7 was positively correlated with CAFs and significantly enriched in the signaling pathway of RNA degradation. The c-Jun pathway was also up-regulated in OSCC tissues, and predicted to be optimal TF of MMP7 with positive regulatory relationship. In OSCC, silencing and over-expression of c-Jun significantly decreased and increased the level of MMP7. Meanwhile, c-Jun affected the behavior of SCC9 cells, which showed that after c-Jun gene silencing, the ability of cell migration was weakened, while apoptosis was enhanced. When c-Jun gene was overexpressed, the migration ability was enhanced, but apoptosis was not significantly affected.

Conclusion:

MMP7 has been proven to be a key protein in the development of OSCC, and has the potential to become a biological marker and therapeutic target. It has been found that c-Jun could bind to the MMP7 promoter region, and the silencing or overexpression of c-Jun can positively regulate the expression of MMP7.