bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Condrosarcoma en fémur proximal. Importancia del estudio preoperatorio: A propósito de un caso.
Authors: P MÍNGUEZ-MALONDA , S AUSINA-GÓMEZ , L IZQUIERDO-PLAZAS , C PONT-GUTIÉRREZ , PM PIQUERAS-VIDAL , JM MONTOZA-NÚÑEZ
Published: January 2025

Chondrosarcomas are a malign type of bone tumours arising from cartilaginous tissue. Their behaviour and prognosis depends on their histological grade and radiological characteristics, and thus their treatment of choice. We present a case about a 55-year-old woman with a bone mass in her left femur seen in imaging studies. After the biopsy, it was diagnosed as a low-grade chondrosarcoma. A new X-ray prior to the surgery showed signs of greater aggressiveness, reason why a more extensive surgery was performed. The surgical piece confirmed a dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, achieving tumour-free surgical margins. It is very important to correlate the biopsy’s histology with the tumour’s clinical-radiological behaviour, as it is important to perform an adequate preoperative study in order to plan the most appropriate surgical approach.
Os Vesalianum Pedis sintomático: a propósito de un caso.
Authors: MR VALVERDE-VÁZQUEZ , VJ GARCÍA-LAGUARTA , C CHIAPPE , R FERNÁNDEZ-GABARDA , MJ SANGÜESA-NEBOT
Published: January 2025

Os Vesalianum Pedis is a very rare accessory bone located adjacent to the base of the fifth metatarsal of the foot. In an outstanding way, it presents with lateral foot pain after a mild trauma and is usually confused with other pathologies or entities. Therefore, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis and knowing the different treatment options.
Osteoma osteoide de localización atípica en cuneiforme lateral, tratado mediante ablación alcohólica: A propósito de un caso.
Authors: R MARRAS-SEGURA , P GÓMEZ-BARBERO , A FONT-PÉREZ , E LONJEDO-VICENT , JL RODRIGO-PÉREZ
Published: January 2025

Osteoid osteoma is a benign tumor that rarely affects the bones of the foot. There are many pathologies that can produce foot pain in children and adolescents and therefore, reaching the diagnosis of OO can be delayed. It is important to have a high clinical suspicion of OO in the foot since the symptomatology is atypical, often without nocturnal pain, and radiographic tests are difficult to assess. We present the case of an OO in the distal dorsal aspect of the third cuneiform of the foot treated by alcoholic ablation with ethanol. So far, there are only 20 cases described in the literature of OO affecting the cuneiform bones. The treatment performed in the previous cases was by open surgery or radiofrequency ablation. Our case is the only OO of the lateral cuneiform treated by alcoholic ablation with ethanol with good postoperative results and no recurrence. In conclusion, CT-guided percutaneous alcohol ablation is a valid alternative for the treatment of an OO located in the foot. It is a minimally invasive, simple, effective and low-cost technique.
Intracranial artery dolichoectasia: What should the neurologist know?
Authors: Depieri Lorena Dellagnesi , do Nascimento Renan Rodrigues Neves Ribeiro , Viana Lorena Souza
Published: January 2025

Intracranial artery dolichoectasia (IADE) is a vascular anomaly characterized by dilation and/or tortuosity of one or more intracranial arteries. While many cases are incidental findings on imaging, the associated ischemic neurological complications of IADE can be severe and must be promptly recognized. This study aims to increase awareness among general practitioners and neurologists regarding this rare and potentially life-threatening condition. We utilized reputable databases for this scoping review, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, from database inception through September 2024, using a combination of terms such as “Dolichoectasia of Basilar Artery”, “Intracranial Dolichoectasia”, and “Ischemic Stroke”. Our scoping review revealed that IADE is a challenging and often underdiagnosed condition, with an estimated prevalence of less than 1% in the general population. Hypertension, atherosclerosis, and advanced age are well-documented risk factors. To minimize the risk of misdiagnosis, we briefly elucidated the pathophysiology of IADE, correlating it with clinical and radiological features. We discuss the diagnostic criteria for IADE based on radiological imaging, addressing the advantages and limitations of different techniques. Finally, we highlight the unmet clinical needs related to IADE management, which may involve pharmacological and surgical therapies tailored to individual cases, with careful consideration of safety and efficacy.
Assessment and analytical framework: Standardised Teacher Assessment and Review
Authors:   ACER India, Sharma Priyanka
Published: January 2025

The Standardised Teacher Assessment and Review (STAR) assessment framework provide operational definitions and understanding of the key aspects of teacher competencies measured by STAR. It details on how these competencies are measured, enabling necessary decisions related with teacher proficiency. The framework establishes parameters for test development through a principled design approach and defines the scope of content for the assessment instrument organised into four domains and 12 strands. The subsequent sections describe the detailed content related to each domain, ensuring comprehensive coverage and clarity in the assessment process. The robust structure not only supports the integrity of the assessment but also aligns with best practices in educational evaluation. Development of the framework started with a review of the literature, specifically focused on in-service teachers’ professional learning that identified the key elements for inclusion in the assessment. Drawing on the experience of reputed academic leaders and teachers from partner schools, the element list was further refined and distilled to indicate how these elements are aligned with the National Professional Standards for Teachers (NPST). The framework is designed for use by academic school leaders, programme coordinators, subject coordinators, and those who design and implement professional learning opportunities for their teachers.
AI systems in teaching and learning: Principles and practical examples. Building a PATH forward
Authors:   Australian Council for Educational Research, Brazil Jonathan ,   University of Queensland, Yang Suijing ,   Australian Council for Educational Research, van der Kleij Fabienne ,   Australian Council for Educational Research
Published: January 2025

This document provides guiding principles and practical examples for using AI in teaching and learning. Underpinned by a human-centred approach, the PATH principles serve as key guidance to ensure the ethical and effective integration of AI systems into teaching and learning. The PATH principles are: Promote teaching and learning; Advance wellbeing and social interaction; Train for AI literacy; and Harness AI ethically. Practical examples of AI applications are provided to highlight not only the diverse types of education-specific AI systems but also how generative AI can be employed to support teaching and learning. From adaptive learning platforms to AI-driven content creation, the possibilities are vast, but they also require thoughtful implementation aligned with the PATH principles and awareness of challenges.
ON STATE REGULATION OF STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN INDUSTRY
Authors: Golodnyuk Roman Aleksandrovich
Published: January 2025

The role and purpose of structural changes in industry are defined. It has been established that in order to ensure sustainable economic growth, competent state regulation and state support for priority industries are necessary.
COUNTERACTION OF TERRORIST IDEOLOGY IN EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Solomonova Victoria Valeryevna
Published: January 2025

This article examines the process of spreading terrorist ideology, one of the main tasks of counteracting terrorism is to identify and eliminate the causes that contribute to the interest of students, and, consequently, to eradicate armed attacks on educational institutions.
THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL IMMORTALITY ON THE PERCEPTION OF LIFE
Authors: Smetana Vladimir Vasilievich
Published: January 2025

This article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the influence of the concept of digital immortality on human perception of life. The work considers the transformation of values, fear of death, motivation, interpersonal relationships, as well as the social and cultural consequences of the potential overcoming of physical death with the help of digital technologies. The relevance of the study is due to the rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies, virtual reality and neurobiology, which make the concept of digital immortality increasingly real and relevant, requiring philosophical understanding. And the scientific novelty lies in the multifaceted analysis of the impact of digital immortality on various aspects of human life, taking into account both potential benefits and risks, as well as in the identification of new philosophical and ethical problems generated by this concept. The article analyzes the transformation of traditional values (time, achievements, relationships) and the search for new meanings in the context of immortality. The influence of digital immortality on moral and ethical standards (the value of life, justice, responsibility) is discussed. The transition from the fear of physical death to the fear of the uncertainty of digital existence (loss of identity, dependence on technology, loss of control, loneliness) is explored. New forms of anxiety and existential fear associated with the problem of the meaning of life, free will and responsibility in the conditions of immortality are analyzed. Changes in social institutions (state, law, education, health care), norms and values, as well as the impact of digital immortality on culture, art and religion are discussed.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE TEACHER'S PERSONALITY ON THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
Authors: Нестурова Барият Магомедаминовна
Published: January 2025

Воспитание, являясь важнейшей и неотъемлемой составляющей образования, требует к себе самого пристального внимания, особенно в наше время, когда в обществе растет детская преступность, агрессия, беспризорность. Очевидна в настоящее время необходимость обновления содержания воспитательной работы с учащимися. Но предварять поиск нового содержания, форм и методов должно осмысление самого понятия «воспитание». Воспитательный процесс - неотъемлемое ядро педагогической деятельности образовательного учреждения, где педагогическая деятельность - это деятельность взрослых членов общества, профессиональной целью которых является воспитание подрастающего поколения.

Education, being the most important and integral component of education, requires the closest attention, especially in our time, when child crime, aggression, and homelessness are growing in society. It is now obvious that there is a need to update the content of educational work with students. But the search for new content, forms and methods should be preceded by an understanding of the very concept of "education". The educational process is an integral core of the pedagogical activity of an educational institution, where pedagogical activity is the activity of adult members of society, whose professional goal is to educate the younger generation.
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE YIELD OF PROMISING SOYBEAN VARIETIES USING VARIOUS METHODS OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF THE REPUBLIC OF INGUSHETIA
Authors: Гандаров Муса Хасанович , Ужахов Тимур Магометович , Газдиев Абдул-Рашид Абдуллаевич
Published: January 2025

В данной статье приведены результаты исследований по изучению урожайности различных сортов сои и их химического состава при посеве в различные агротехнические сроки, а также при разных способах посева с внесением минеральных удобрений.

This article presents the results of research on the yield of various soybean varieties and their chemical composition when sown at various agrotechnical times, as well as with different methods of sowing with the introduction of mineral fertilizers.
THE INFLUENCE OF SOME ELEMENTS OF AGROTECHNOLOGY ON THE SEED PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF CABBAGE SEEDS, ON SEED CROPS IN THE AGRO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF INGUSHETIA
Authors: Хамхоев Муслим Ахметович , Базгиев Магомед Алаудинович , Гуцериев Израил Алиевич , Галаев Батыр Баширович
Published: January 2025

Семейство капустные (Brassicactae) представлено большим разнообразием растений (капустные, хрен, горчица листовая, крес - салат, катран, редис, редька, репа и др.). Родиной всех капустных считается Средиземноморье. Непосредственно в нашей стране, самое большое распространение получили капустные, в частности капуста белокочанная, редька и редис [2,7,8].
ЭТИКА И ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТЬ В ЭПОХУ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ МЕДИА
Authors: Новинская София Алексеевна
Published: January 2025

Обученные нейронные сети последние годы становятся важным помощником в выполнении различной работы. В сфере медиа ИИ помогает с проверкой орфографии и пунктуации, расшифровкой аудио, автотегированием, аналитикой активностей пользователей, то есть снимает с журналистов и редакторов большое количество рутинных задач, позволяя посвятить время именно работе с источниками и написанию текста. При этом не всегда понятно, какие задачи в медиа можно полноценно делегировать искусственному интеллекту и должен ли человек нести ответственность за результат деятельности машины. Увеличение работы с искусственным интеллектом приводит к возникновению спорных ситуаций, для решения которых необходима разработка соответствующей нормативной документации. Остается большое количество вопросов об этических границах использования искусственного интеллекта и необходимости ограничения спектра вопросов и задач, с которыми искусственный интеллект может работать. Последние годы ведется активная работа над определением границ работы систем ИИ и созданием этических кодексов, которые могут регулировать соблюдение этих границ.
PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECTS OF THE USE OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL POTENTIAL OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETY
Authors:   Doctoral student of Tashkent State Transport University, Uzbekistan, o‘g‘li Aliyev Nozimjon Nurullajon
Published: January 2025

This article analyzes the effective methods and possibilities of using the scientific and technical potential of young people in the process of sustainable development of society. Young people's innovative ideas and achievements in the field of Science and technology highlight the importance of society in ensuring socio-economic development.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-CONFIDENCE AND PERSONALITY TRAITS IN STUDENTS
Authors:   Khalkar Nordic University of Pedagogy and Psychology, Master of Science, Uzbekistan, Ghafuri Hayriddin
Published: January 2025

Self-confidence is a personality trait, the core of which is the individual's positive assessment of his or her own skills and abilities as sufficient to achieve significant goals and satisfy his or her needs.
IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF HISTORY EDUCATION THROUGH INNOVATIVE ONLINE PLATFORMS: A DIDACTIC ANALYSIS
Authors:   Associate professor of Jizzakh branch of National university after named Mirzo Ulugbek, Uzbekistan, qizi Boltaeva Mokhichekhra Jamshid
Published: January 2025

This paper examines how innovative online platforms can enhance the quality of history education through a didactic lens. By leveraging interactive tools, digitized primary sources, and collaborative virtual environments, educators can foster deeper engagement and critical thinking among students. The discussion highlights constructivist and learner-centered strategies, underlining the importance of structured inquiry, guided scaffolding, and formative assessment. While digital technologies enable expanded access to diverse sources and promote active student participation, issues such as the digital divide, educator preparedness, and the credibility of online materials must be addressed to ensure equitable and rigorous learning experiences. Drawing on current research and practical classroom examples, the paper emphasizes the transformative potential of online platforms to enrich historical understanding and inspire meaningful dialogue about the past.
STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING HISTORY IN A DIGITAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS
Authors:   Associate professor of Jizzakh branch of National university after named Mirzo Ulugbek, Uzbekistan, qizi Boltaeva Mokhichekhra Jamshid
Published: January 2025

This article explores teaching strategies for delivering history education within an increasingly digital learning environment, focusing on both the challenges and possible solutions that arise from technological integration. In particular, it highlights the overwhelming abundance of online resources and the importance of teaching students to navigate these materials critically. Furthermore, it examines the implications ofthe digital divide, emphasizing the need for equitable access to devices and reliable internet connections. Interactive methodologies—such as structured online debates, group research tasks, and collaborative digital tools—are presented as ways to recreate the benefits of traditional face-to-face seminars. Gamified and immersive approaches are also discussed, including virtual reality simulations and interactive timelines, as methods for enhancing learner motivation. Ultimately, the article underscores thenecessity of balancing innovation with rigorous engagement in source analysis and historiographical debates. By employing inclusive and well-designed digital strategies, educators can help students acquire the critical thinking skills, contextual understanding, and ethical research practices essential for a deep appreciation of history in the twenty-first century.
Theoretical analysis of the social characteristics of corruption
Authors:   Independent Researcher of The Department Of "Social Sciences" Of Navai State University, Uzbekistan, Sayfiddinovich Aripov Alisher
Published: January 2025

The social characteristics of corruption and the specific importance of its prevention, the results of identifying corruption through a philosophical approach, the negative impact of corruption on social life, and philosophical methods for eliminating it are described.
Classroom Instructional Practices in Light of the Components of Mathematical Proficiency
Authors: Alzahrani Saber
Published: January 2025

The study aimed to reveal the reality of classroom instructional practices of high school mathematics teachers in light of the five components of mathematical proficiency: conceptual understanding, procedural fluency, strategic competence, adaptive reasoning, and productive disposition. It relied on the descriptive approach. The study tool was an observation card that included 38 practices distributed across the five components of mathematical proficiency. The study sample consisted of 24 high school mathematics teachers. The findings indicated that the overall level of instructional practices of high school mathematics teachers, in light of the five components of mathematical proficiency, was average. Three components showed an average level of practice, while two components showed a low level. The component strategic competence ranked first, followed by conceptual understanding and procedural fluency. The productive disposition component ranked fourth, and adaptive reasoning ranked fifth and last. The study recommended that training courses focusing on mathematical proficiency be developed for high school mathematics teachers.
KEYWORDS
Mathematics teachers, conceptual understanding, procedural fluency, strategic competence, adaptive reasoning, productive desire
E-Spor Kavramlar; Teoriler ve Uygulamaları
Authors: Tok Serdar , Zekioğlu Aylin , Balıkçı İlker , Kalkan Naci , Yazıcı Atakan
Published: January 2025

E-Spor ve Sinir Sistemi: Rekabetin Psikofizyolojik Temelleri
Nihal DAL
Serdar TOK
E-Sporda Mental Dayanıklılık ve Zihinsel Sağlık
Aylin ZEKİOĞLU
Rekreatif Bir Etkinlik Olarak E-Spor
İlker BALIKÇI
E-Spor’da Bağımlılık ve Sağlıklı Oyun Alışkanlıkları
Naci KALKAN
Takım Olgusuyla E-Sporda Takım Oluşturma
Atakan YAZICI
Streamlined modular synthesis of saframycin substructure via copper-catalyzed three-component assembly and gold-promoted 6-endo cyclization
Authors: Kanno Asahi , Tanifuji Ryo , Yoshida Satoshi , Sato Sota , Maki-Yonekura Saori , Takaba Kiyofumi , Kang Jungmin , Tono Kensuke , Yonekura Koji , Oguri Hiroki
Published: January 2025

The integration of copper(I)-catalyzed three-component coupling with gold(I)-mediated 6-endo cyclization streamlines the rapid and modular assembly of the substructure of bis-tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) alkaloids. The design of the key synthetic intermediate bearing a 2,3-diaminobenzofuran moiety allows both gold(I)-mediated regiocontrolled 6-endo hydroamination and temporary protection of nitrile and phenolic hydroxy groups. The synthetic strategy enabled the efficient synthesis of the substructure of saframycins bearing isoquinoline and THIQ units in just four steps from the modular assembly of the three components. We also found the unexpected involvement of a fluorescent intermediate in the cascade synthetic process.
Mathematisches Denken
Authors: Fuchs Karl Josef
Published: January 2025

Zahlreich sind die Vorgehensweisen zur Charakterisierung Mathematischen Denkens, Modelle, die durch zahlreiche Determinanten bestimmt sind. Das erste Kapitel widmet sich diesen Modellen.
Im zweiten Kapitel werden die einzelnen als Kategorien klassifizierten Determinanten Mathematischen Denkens diskutiert:
2.1 Kategorie Basic Ideas, Big Ideas, Fundamentale Ideen
2.2 Kategorie Grundvorstellungen
2.3 Kategorie Muster und Struktur
2.4 Kategorie Veranschaulichung
Im dritten Kapitel werden die spezifischen Formen Mathematischen Denkens in den Teildisziplinen diskutiert.
Das vierte Kapitel gilt dem Gedächtnis als Ort der Konstruktion bzw. Rekonstruktion von Wissen.
Mathematisches Denken bildet sich letztendlich in unterschiedlichen Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen ab. Wir differenzieren in …
• Kognitionspsychologische Merkmale wie INTELLIGENZ, KREATIVITÄT & UMGANG MIT MATHEMATIK,
• in ein Selbstbezogenes Merkmal wie das SELBSTKONZEPT,
• Handlungsbezogene Merkmale wie PERSISTENZ & INTERESSE.
Development of Pop-Up Book Media in Science Learning for Elementary School
Authors: Rhamdani Rhamdani , Ramadan Zaka Hadikusuma
Published: January 2025

This research aims to develop learning media in the form of Pop-Up Book media during offline learning activities. This research is development research and uses the ADDIE model, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The data sources used in this research are teachers, students, validators, media experts, material experts and language experts. Data collection was carried out through interviews with class IV teachers at SDN 005 Desa Baru, class IV students and needs analysis. The population in this study included teachers and students of class IV SDN 005 Desa Baru. The researcher's sampling technique used a simple random sampling technique. The sample in this study was one teacher and three class IV students. The qualitative data analysis technique was carried out using the needs analysis method in the form of interviews. Meanwhile, for quantitative data analysis using descriptive statistical methods using validation sheets. Data collection techniques used interviews and validation sheets. Based on the research results of material experts with a total of 83%, media experts with a total of 87.26% and language experts with a total of 93.87% and the overall results obtained were 88.03%. It can be concluded that pop-up book media with various styles of material is very valid to be used as learning media material in elementary schools.
Evaluation of Cultural Tourism Smart Guide Map Interface Based on Visual Cognitive Characteristics
Authors: Yang Yanjun , Othman Ahmad Nizam , Hashim Mohd Ekram Al Hafis , Hussin Hanafi
Published: January 2025

The cultural tourism smart guide is an essential tool for enhancing visitor experiences, especially in the age of smart tourism. However, gaps exist in the usability of interactive sharing features within these maps, particularly regarding how they affect user satisfaction and efficiency. This study employed Eye Tracking technology to evaluate the usability of interactive features in cultural tourism guide maps. The methodology involved Eye Tracking data collection from 46 participants across four representative guide map interfaces, followed by a statistical analysis based on visual cognitive characteristics. The key findings revealed significant differences in user attention and efficiency across the samples, with one particular map interface showing notably poorer performance in terms of fixation count, task completion time, and error rate. Research on visual attention capacity significantly impacts user interaction efficiency. The data also emphasize the importance of designing interfaces that reduce cognitive load by simplifying visual elements and optimizing information presentation and provide valuable insights for optimizing smart guide map interfaces for cultural tourism.
Supratentorial hydrocephalus secondary to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: A rare complication – Case report and literature review
Authors:   Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Sekar Aadithiyan , Seetha Rashi ,   Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Majith Abdul ,   Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: January 2025

Background. Intracranial arterial dolichoectasia (IADE) is a rare cerebrovascular condition characterized by cerebral artery elongation, dilation, and tortuosity, predominantly involving the basilar and vertebral arteries. Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBDE), the most common subtype, can lead to severe complications, including ischemic strokes, cranial nerve compression, and, rarely, obstructive hydrocephalus. Symptomatic cases presenting with hydrocephalus are sporadic and pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Case report. We present a unique case of a 53-year-old South Indian female with altered sensorium and vomiting, subsequently diagnosed with VBDE. Radiological investigations revealed a severely dilated basilar artery compressing the third ventricle and aqueduct of Sylvius, with a Smoker’s criteria score of 5, indicative of severe VBDE. Advanced imaging, including cerebrospinal fluid flow studies, confirmed supra-aqueductal stenosis. The patient underwent monoventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery, resulting in complete symptom resolution. Conclusion. This case underscores the rarity of VBDE presenting with obstructive hydrocephalus and highlights the critical role of Smoker’s criteria and CSF flow studies in diagnosis and management. It emphasizes the importance of early intervention to prevent irreversible neurological damage and calls for further research to enhance diagnostic protocols and refine treatment strategies for this uncommon condition.
Measurement and Monitoring System for Agricultural Soil Environmental Parameters Based on the Internet of Things
Authors: Amir Ashadi , Suwardoyo Untung , Pratami Irwan Irninthya Nanda
Published: January 2025

Measurement and monitoring of environmental parameters in agricultural soil are needed to understand the condition of agricultural land. The measurement of agricultural land is mostly still done manually, resulting in low accuracy levels, requiring significant time and effort, and not providing periodic measurement results. The variation in soil characteristics and the limitations of tools also hinder the effectiveness of measurements, making the use of modern technology increasingly important. In this research, a system has been designed to measure environmental parameters of agricultural soil in real-time. The designed system consists of soil moisture sensors and soil pH sensors integrated with the ESP32 microcontroller. The system comprises of two main parts: a sensor node that have functions to acquire sensor data and a web application that displays the measurement results. Initial testing was conducted by calibrating and validating data for each sensor used. Subsequent testing involved sending the measurement data of environmental parameters of agricultural soil to a database for display on an Internet of Things-based application. The test results showed that the agricultural soil was read as wet when the soil moisture sensor readings indicated values of 78–100%. For the pH sensor testing, the average error was found to be 5.67%.Pengukuran dam pemantauan parameter lingkungan tanah pertanian dibutuhkan untuk mengetahui kondisi tanah pertanian. Pengukuran tanah pertanian sebagian besar masih dilakukan secara manual sehingga tingkat akurasi pengukuran masih rendah, membutuhkan waktu dan tenaga yang besar dan tidak mendapatkan hasil pengukuran secara berkala. Variasi karakteristik tanah dan keterbatasan alat juga menghambat efektivitas pengukuran, sehingga penggunaan teknologi modern menjadi semakin penting. Pada penelitian ini dirancang sebuah sistem yang dapat melakukan pengukuran parameter lingkungan tanah pertanian secara real-time. Sistem yang dirancang terdiri dari sensor kelembaban tanah dan sensor pH tanah yang terintegrasi dengan perangkat mikrokontroler ESP32. Sistem terdiri dari dua bagian utama yaitu sensor node yang berfungsi untuk melakukan akuisisi data sensor dan aplikasi web yang berfungsi untuk menampilkan hasil pengukuran. Pengujian awal dilakukan dengan melakukan kalibrasi dan validasi data untuk setiap sensor yang digunakan. Pengujian selanjutnya dilakukan dengan menguji pengiriman data hasil pengukuran parameter lingkungan tanah pertanian ke database untuk ditampilkan pada aplikasi berbasis Internet of Things. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa tanah pertanian terbaca basah ketika hasil pembacaan sensor kelembaban tanah menunjukkan nilai 78 – 100%. Untuk pengujian sensor pH menghasilkan nilai error dengan rata-rata sebesar 5.67%.
Automatic Depuration System for Green Mussels (Perna viridis) to Support Food Safety
Authors: Syah Syalahuddin Abdul Aziz , Suryo Yoedo Ageng
Published: January 2025

The high content of heavy metals in green mussels necessitates the development of an effective depuration system. Automation of the depuration system becomes a crucial solution to optimize efficiency and effectiveness, both in terms of natural and human resource utilization. This research aims to develop an automated depuration system using an ESP-32 microcontroller integrated with digital filters EMA (Exponential Moving Average) and LPF (Low Pass Filter) to enhance sensor reading stability. The monitored water quality parameters include temperature (DS18B20), pH (4502C), TDS (V1.0), and salinity. Measurement data is displayed in real-time through LCD I2C and stored in an SD Card for continuous recording. System testing was conducted for 24 hours, focusing on sensor performance evaluation and pump activity. The results showed that the automated depuration system operated according to the set parameters without deviation. The sensors demonstrated high accuracy with low error percentages: temperature (0.34%), pH (2.02%), TDS (0.91%), and salinity (5.92%). Implementation of this system resulted in a high mussel survival rate of 95%, proving its effectiveness in the green mussel depuration process.Tingginya kandungan logam berat pada kerang hijau mendorong pengembangan sistem depurasi yang efektif. Otomatisasi sistem depurasi menjadi solusi krusial untuk mengoptimalkan efisiensi dan efektivitas, baik dari aspek pemanfaatan sumber daya alam maupun sumber daya manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan sistem depurasi otomatis menggunakan mikrokontroler ESP-32 yang diintegrasikan dengan filter digital EMA (Exponential Moving Average) dan LPF (Low Pass Filter) untuk meningkatkan stabilitas pembacaan sensor. Parameter kualitas air yang dipantau meliputi suhu (DS18B20), pH (4502C), TDS (V1.0), dan salinitas. Data pengukuran ditampilkan secara real-time melalui LCD I2C dan disimpan dalam SD Card untuk pencatatan berkelanjutan. Pengujian sistem dilakukan selama 24 jam dengan fokus pada evaluasi kinerja sensor dan aktivitas pompa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sistem depurasi otomatis beroperasi sesuai dengan parameter yang ditetapkan tanpa penyimpangan. Tingkat akurasi sensor terbukti tinggi dengan persentase error yang rendah; suhu (0,34%), pH (2,02%), TDS (0,91%), dan salinitas (5,92%). Implementasi sistem ini menghasilkan tingkat kelulushidupan kerang yang mencapai 95%, membuktikan efektivitas sistem dalam proses depurasi kerang hijau.
The elusive ‘promised land’: South Africa’s rural community struggles after thirty years of democracy
Authors: Nkadimeng Theodore Nkadimeng
Published: January 2025

This study highlights the struggles of Black South Africans in rural communities, which define inequalities and socio-economic conditions thirty years after the first democratic elections in 1994, regardless of the ANC's promise of “a better life for all.” The purpose of discussing these challenges was to explore selected areas relevant to these issues as a delimitation. A closer look at the socio-economic history of a people reveals factors and circumstances that either promote, sustain, or challenge the livelihoods of a society or community, as in South Africa, race and geographical location define social status and quality of life. Such circumstances have particularly affected Black South African rural communities, who continue to experience abject poverty and destitution. This points to a departure from the Batho Pele Principles, which aimed to focus on socio-economic development programmes. The data used was ‘desktop’ from secondary sources, reports, and policy papers deemed relevant to the study and related to the experiences and struggles of rural communities against inadequate education, sustainable livelihoods, water and sanitation, and health, among others. The study concluded that, despite the gains of democracy, more needs to be done. An Afrocentric perspective was preferred because it is suitable for conceptualising, operationalising, and understanding social human problems such as rural community struggles outside the confines of Eurocentric knowledge ‘paternalism’. An Afrocentric method was used to present the findings of the study, based on the identified subtopics.
Effect of Foliar Application of Moringa Leaf Extract on Biomass Production and Nutrient Content of Maize
Authors: Rind Waseem Ali , Talpur Naheed Akhter , Bhatti Irfana Parveen , Khooharo Aijaz Ali , Jamali Kanwal , Memon Nawal , Khanzada Inzamam-ul-Haque
Published: January 2025

The spray of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf extract is crucial for the biomass output and nutrient content of maize. The current study was conducted in 2021–2022 in green house Department of Soil Science, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam. The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the impact of foliar application of moringa leaf extract on maize nutritional content and biomass production. Five distinct treatments, each with three repeats, were placed in 15 pots, each pot was filled with 5 kgs of soil, and an experimental trial was conducted using a Complete Randomized Design (CRD). Moringa Leaf Extract was applied as foliar spray after 2, 4, and 6 weeks of plant emergence. The results reveal that the plant growth parameters i.e., shoot length (19.55cm), shoot fresh weight (13.22g plant-1), shoot dry weight (7.00 g plant-1), leaf fresh weight (3.6 g) and No. of leaves plant-1 (7.33), tap root length (54.00 cm) and tap root fresh weight (2.89 g plant-1), tap root dry weight (1.73 g) significantly increased in all treated pots. The leaf tissues of maize plant were also assessed for their nutrient content i.e., Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium. The results indicate that the maize plant was affected by three different treatments of moringa leaf extract applied at various crop growth stages. Maximum nitrogen content was found in maize leaf (4.79%) where the crop was sprayed thrice, whereas maximum phosphorus and potassium content was observed (0.72%) and (3.44%) respectively. It is concluded from the study that the biomass production and nutrient content of maize crop were significantly affected by treatment five where foliar spray of moringa leaf extract was applied after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of plant emergence, this indicates that moringa leaf extract spray performed better for most of the investigated traits. We recommend further research to confirm these outcomes.
Planet–Planet Scattering and Von Zeipel–Lidov–Kozai Migration—The Dynamical History of HAT-P-11
Authors: Lu Tiger , An Qier , Li Gongjie , Millholland Sarah C. , Rice Malena , Brandt G. Mirek , Brandt Timothy D.
Published: January 2025

The two planets of the HAT-P-11 system represent fascinating dynamical puzzles due to their significant eccentricities and orbital misalignments. In particular, HAT-P-11 b is in a close-in orbit in which tides should have circularized well within the age of the system. Here we propose a two-step dynamical process that can reproduce all intriguing aspects of the system. We first invoke planet–planet scattering to generate significant eccentricities and mutual inclinations between the planets. We then propose that this misalignment initiated von-Zeipel-Lidov-Kozai cycles and high-eccentricity migration that ultimately brought HAT-P-11 b to its present-day orbit. We find that this scenario is fully consistent only when significant tidally driven radius inflation is accounted for during the tidal migration. We present a suite of N-body simulations exploring each phase of evolution and show that this scenario is consistent with all observational posteriors and the reported age of the system.
Constraining Solar Wind Transport Model Parameters Using Bayesian Analysis
Authors: Bishop Mark A. , Oughton Sean , Parashar Tulasi N. , Perrott Yvette C.
Published: January 2025

We apply nested-sampling Bayesian analysis to a model for the transport of magnetohydrodynamic-scale solar wind fluctuations. The dual objectives are to obtain improved constraints on parameters present in the turbulence transport model (TTM) and to support quantitative comparisons of the quality of distinct versions of the transport model. The TTMs analyzed are essentially the 1D steady-state ones presented in Breech et al. that describe the radial evolution of the energy, correlation length, and normalized cross helicity of the fluctuations, together with the proton temperature, in prescribed background solar wind fields. Modeled effects present in the TTM include nonlinear turbulence interactions, shear driving, and energy injection associated with pickup-ions. Each of these modeled effects involves adjustable parameters that we seek to constrain using Bayesian analysis. We find that, given the TTMs and observational data sets analyzed, the most appropriate TTM to recommend corresponds to 2D fluctuations and has von Kármán–Howarth parameters of α ≈ 0.16 and β ≈ 0.10, along with reasonably standard values for the other adjustable parameters. The analysis also indicates that it is advantageous to include pickup ion effects in the lengthscale evolution equation by assuming Z
2β/α

λ is locally conserved. Such Bayesian analysis is readily extended to more sophisticated solar wind models, space weather models, and might lead to improved predictions of, for example, solar flare and coronal mass ejection interactions with the Earth.
Sequels of COVID-19 in nephrology. Chronic kidney patients are more prone to hemodialysis need and mortality
Authors: Bolleku Erjola , Likaj Ermal , Shehaj Larisa , Akshija Ilir , Puca Edmond , Puca Entela , Baci Xhesi , Idrizi Alma
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Acute kidney injury involves inflammation and intrinsic renal damage, and is a common complication of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Baseline chronic kidney disease (CKD) confers an increased mortality risk. We determined the renal long-term outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with baseline CKD, and the risk factors prompting renal replacement therapy (RRT) initiation and mortality.
Methodology: We included 77 patients (median age was 67.1 ± 13.7 years) with a history of renal failure at baseline and recovery from COVID-19 at our institution, in a retrospective analysis from December 2020 to May 2021. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were compared between patients requiring RRT and those who did not. A correlogram analysis determined the risk factors for RRT. Survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression statistics assessed in-hospital mortality.
Results: 70.1% of the patients had CKD. RRT initiation was higher in patients with known CKD (46.4%) than in those with no known CKD (28.5%). Those with diabetic nephropathy had a higher predisposition for RRT initiation compared to other CKD etiologies. Diabetics (42.3%) and hypertensive nephropathy (33%) were the most common etiologies in the general population. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, phosphorus, lactate dehydrogenase, and proteinuria were significantly higher; and platelets and calcium levels were lower; in patients requiring RRT. Decreased lymphocyte count negatively correlated with BUN levels.
Conclusions: Known CKD patients had a higher initiation rate of RRT, and laboratory features suggestive of kidney damage. However, RRT patients did not have an increased risk of mortality.
Role of ivermectin and colchicine in the treatment of COVID-19: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Ahmed Salama Hemmat Abd El-Salam , Ahmed Eman El-Sayed , Amin Ghada Essam El-Din , Allam Mohamed Farouk , Hassan Ahmed Nour El-Din , Hassan El Shayeb Mohamed Abd El Rahman
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of ivermectin and colchicine as treatment options for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Methodology: A three-arm randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in the Triage Clinic of the family medicine department at Ain Shams University Hospitals on participants who had been diagnosed with moderate COVID-19. Patients aged < 18 years or > 65 years, with any co-morbidities, pregnant or lactating females, and those with mild or severe COVID-19 confirmed cases were excluded. Sealed envelopes were used for randomization of intervention or control. Patients are followed until there was improvement of symptoms and no development of new symptoms for over one month.
Results: A total of 120 patients (40.16 ± 10.74 years) with COVID-19 were enrolled; 40 patients in each arm. Out of them, 44 (36.6%) were male and 76 (63.4%) were female. Fever and cough were the predominant symptoms in each group. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean duration of fever between the ivermectin, colchicine, and control groups (7.3 ± 1.68, 6.6 ± 1.58, and 7.075 ± 1.58 days, respectively). The majority of patients (67.5%, 70%, and 72.5%) were completely cured within 10 days of infection, with no differences between the three groups (p > 0.05). A statistically significant improvement of inflammatory markers occurred in each of the three groups over time with no statistically significant difference between them.
Conclusions: Ivermectin and colchicine have no beneficial effect over standard care in the treatment of COVID-19.
Epidemiologic threats and outcome of evolving COVID-19-associated mucormycosis from a referral hospital in Egypt
Authors: Elserougy Safaa , Abdel-Ghaffar Muhammad , Medhat Eman , Heiba Ahmed , Shaheen Weam , Mostafa Elham , Mahfouz Hala , Abdel-Hafez Samah , Mahfouz Mohammad S , Afify Shimaa , Ali Omnia , El-Sayed Enass , Mostafa Ahmed M , Salah Ahmed M , Elbatawy Anwar , Elghoneimy Hanan M , Elshafey Amr A , Abou-ElFotouh Ahmed , Abdul-Ghani Tareq , Ibrahim Fatma I , Samy Sarah M , Elhussini Manal S
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The present study aimed to explore the epidemiologic threats and factors associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated mucormycosis (CAM) epidemic that emerged in Egypt during the second COVID-19 wave. The study also aimed to explore the diagnostic features and the role of surgical interventions of CAM on the outcome of the disease in a central referral hospital.
Methodology: The study included 64 CAM patients from a referral hospital for CAM and a similar number of matched controls from COVID-19 patients who did not develop CAM.
Results: The most frequent factors among CAM patients were the use of corticosteroids, older age, and diabetes. CAM patients presented with facial pain (98.4%), black coloring on nasal endoscopy examination (87.5%), orbital invasion (70.3%), and loss of vision (68.8%). Despite treatment, CAM led to the death of 30 patients and 34 patients survived until the end of the study. CAM patients with death outcomes had orbital invasion, disturbed consciousness level, referral to intensive care units, and invasive mechanical ventilation. The patients who survived received more surgical interventions than dead patients, including functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and maxillofacial surgery.
Conclusions: CAM treatment requires complex, time-consuming, and expensive diagnostic approaches. Therefore, preventative measures should focus on early source control, strict glycemic control, and limiting steroids to COVID-19 patients especially older patients (> 40 years). Early antifungal treatment and surgical techniques such as FESS and necrotic tissue debridement were associated with better prognosis, indicating the efficiency of multidisciplinary medical and surgical teams.
Demystifying the role of MMP9 and TIMP-1 as markers of lung imaging and functional abnormality of COVID-19
Authors: Rosyid Alfian N , Puspitasari Arina D , Sensusiati Anggraini D , Nugraha Jusak , Amin Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Introduction: This study aimed to analyze the levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 as biomarkers for identifying lung anatomical and functional abnormalities in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Methodology: Adult COVID-19 patients hospitalized between October and December 2021 were included in the study. MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels were measured from the blood. Chest X-ray was categorized using the Brixia index. A blood gas analysis was performed in the emergency room.
Results: MMP-9 was higher in severe COVID-19 patients (1,430.09 ± 1,492.22) than in non-severe cases (819.90 ± 750.13) with p < 0.05, but not different between mortality groups. TIMP-1 was lower in non-severe cases (4.88 ± 3.49) than in severe cases (8.61 ± 9.09) with p > 0.05. The increase in MMP-9 was correlated to TIMP-1 with a linear regression value R2 = 0.945. Lung abnormalities were categorized as normal (6.9%), mild (23.6%), moderate (29.2%), and severe (40.3%). Brixia score was significantly correlated with FiO2 (r = 0.547), PaO2/FiO2 (r = – 0.317), and SpO2/FiO2 (r = – 0.476). MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were significantly correlated with the Brixia score (r = 0.315 and r = – 0.234, respectively), and PaO2/FiO2 (r = – 0.291 and r = 0.283, respectively). MMP-9 was significantly correlated with severity (r = 0.313).
Conclusion: MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were related to lung imaging, functional abnormalities, and severity; but were not associated with mortality.