bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost Effectiveness Analysis of Optimal Rabies Control Strategies
Authors: Hailemichael Demsis Dejene , Edessa Geremew Kenassa , Koya Purnachandra Rao
Published: March 2024

A mathematical model that incorporates human attacks on dogs is presented to explore the dynamics of rabies transmission. The model divided the infection rate into two categories: dog-to-dog transmission rates during the prodromal phase (βdP) and the furious phase (βdF). It has been determined that the model is well-posed and that all of the solutions are positive, as well as the feasibility and positivity of the model's solutions. Both the basic reproduction number (R0) and the effective reproductive number (Re) are computed, and it is demonstrated that the model has a unique disease-free equilibrium that is globally asymptotically stable whenever Re < 1. To identify the model's most sensitive parameters and the ones that intervention efforts should focus on, sensitivity analysis of the effective reproduction number is carried out. We can construct an optimal control system using the state equations, the adjoint equations, and the optimality condition that determines the controls by applying Pontryagin's Maximum/Minimum principle. To help decision-makers in allocating funds for rabies interventions, cost-effectiveness analyses are conducted. To determine the degree to which the intervention strategies are advantageous and cost-effective, this study performs a cost-effective analysis of one or all possible combinations of the optimal rabies control strategies (pre-exposed and post-exposed vaccination for both dog and human populations) for the four different transmission settings. After arranging the techniques to increase effectiveness (total infections prevented), a cost-effective analysis using the Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) was conducted. The result supports the function that the four intervention options are performing to either completely eradicate or significantly reduce rabies disease among the populations. The dynamical behavior of the system is studied through simulations using the ode45 numerical technique from MATLAB.
Jordan-Type Inequalities and Stratification
Authors: Mićović Miloš , Malešević Branko
Published: March 2024

In this paper, two double Jordan-type inequalities are introduced based on the papers [1]-[5]. These inequalities generalize the inequalities obtained in [1]-[5]. As a result, some new upper and lower bounds of the sinc function are obtained. This extension of Jordan’s inequality is enabled by considering the corresponding inequalities through the concept of stratified families of functions elaborated in [6]. Based on this approach, some optimal approximations of the sinc function are derived by determining corresponding minimax approximants, also described in the paper [6].
Variable Doppler Starting Point Keystone Transform for Radar Maneuvering Target Detection
Authors: Jia Wei , Feng Yuan , Qiao Xingshuai , Wang Tianrun , Shan Tao
Published: March 2024

The Doppler band compensated by the keystone transform (KT) is limited. Therefore, it needs to be used in conjunction with the Doppler ambiguity compensation function to correct the range migration (RM) caused by maneuvering targets with Doppler ambiguity. However, the KT implemented by sinc interpolation suffers from significant performance loss at boundaries of compensation Doppler bands. Additionally, in a multi-target scenario, KT implementation methods occupy high complexity when the Doppler range of targets spans over two compensation Doppler bands. To address aforementioned issues, this study presents a variable Doppler starting point keystone transform (VDSPKT) method, where a new form of ambiguity compensation function is constructed, turning the Doppler starting point of the compensation band in KT variable. Firstly, the position of the compensation Doppler band is changed from fixed to adjustable as needed, enhancing the flexibility of KT. Crucially, the connection points of the compensation Doppler bands in sinc interpolation are reset, avoiding the performance loss at their boundaries. Also, the compensation band is adjusted to cover the narrow Doppler frequency range caused by targets, significantly improving the computational efficiency. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach effectively addresses the performance degradation and high computational complexity of KT in the aforementioned scenarios, resulting in a computational load reduced by approximately 50% compared to traditional methods.
Multiparametric Mapping by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in the Risk Stratification of Ventricular Arrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Lo Monaco Maria , Stankowski Kamil , Figliozzi Stefano , Nicoli Flavia , Scialò Vincenzo , Gad Alessandro , Lisi Costanza , Marchini Federico , Dellino Carlo Maria , Mollace Rocco , Catapano Federica , Stefanini Giulio , Monti Lorenzo , Condorelli Gianluigi , Bertella Erika , Francone Marco
Published: March 2024

Risk stratification for malignant ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death is a daunting task for physicians in daily practice. Multiparametric mapping sequences obtained via cardio-vascular magnetic resonance imaging can improve the risk for malignant ventricular arrhythmias by unveiling the presence of pathophysiological pro-arrhythmogenic processes. However, their employment in clinical practice is still restricted. The present review explores the current evidence supporting the association between mapping abnormalities and the risk of ventricular arrhyth-mias in several cardiovascular diseases. The key message is that further clinical studies are needed to test the additional value of mapping techniques beyond conventional cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging for selecting patients eligible for an implantable cardioverter defibrillator.
The Influence of Tourism Nostalgia on Rural Pro-environmental Behaviors: Chain Mediation of Environmental Responsibility and Awe
Authors: Haipeng Zhao , Furuoka Fumitaka
Published: March 2024

This study grounded in the Affective Events Theory, explores how post-pandemic urban residents' nostalgic tourism influences environmental behaviors in rural areas. The article constructs a model of pro-environmental behavior in rural settings with nostalgic tourism as the antecedent variable, environmental responsibility and awe as mediators, ecological concern as a moderating variable, and pro-environmental behavior as the outcome variable. Analyzing 535 valid survey responses from urban residents and utilizing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test research hypotheses reveals that nostalgic tourism significantly impacts environmental responsibility and awe.
Environmental responsibility mediates between nostalgic tourism and pro-environmental behavior, forming a serial mediation chain with awe psychology, and its mediating effect is significant. However, awe psychology forms a serial mediation chain between nostalgic tourism and pro-environmental behavior, and its mediating effect is insignificant. Notably, environmental concern does not moderate the relationship between environmental responsibility and pro-environmental behavior, indicating no support for this hypothesis. The positive role of nostalgic tourism in pro-environmental behavior at rural tourism destinations enriches theoretical research on the nexus between nostalgia and environmental behavior, providing insights into the sustainable development of rural environments and the operation of rural tourism.
The Development of an Oral Health Nursing Tool in Patients with a Psychotic Disorder: A Human-Centered Design with a Feasibility Test
Authors: Kuipers Sonja , Castelein Stynke , Kronenberg Linda , Veer Job van ’t , Boonstra Nynke
Published: March 2024

Patients with a psychotic disorder frequently report oral health problems, while mental health nurses (MHNs) seem not to be fully aware of these problems and the risk factors. Therefore, this study aims to develop supportive tools for MHNs regarding oral health to increase sensitization among MHNs and to provide MHNs with knowledge to recognize (potential) oral health problems in patients with a psychotic disorder. We used a human-centered design in which the user, MHNs as well as experts by experience, were placed in the centre of the research process. Problems and needs in MHNs working with patients with a psychotic disorder were addressed. To identify key issues of problem as well as the needs in terms of resources, we started with focus groups (n = 9). We analysed the data thematically based on context of patients and MHNs in practice regarding oral health, preferred oral health tools focused on MHN, and intended outcomes of tools. A Multi Criteria Decision Matrix was developed and analysed (n = 9) to identify the most optimal and viable solution based on established criteria and issues that are prevalent in the work of MHNs. Most promising result was the development of a brochure with an awareness screener. The brochure with awareness screener was developed as a low-fidelity prototype for MHNs regarding oral health in patients with a psychotic disorder, based on the latest scientific evidence. After testing it, the feasibility was tested through semi-structured interviews (n=19). MHNs and experts by experience were satisfied with the tool and provided recommendations for adjustments to the content. Significant augmentations to the brochure include a clinical lesson and a toothbrush with toothpaste for patients. We can conclude that a brochure with an awareness screener is feasible for MHNs. Future steps aiming to further refine and optimize care processes for oral health tools in MHNs, should take refining eligibility criteria for psychiatric populations and the language level of the target group of a tool into account.
Electrochemical Characterization of Electrodeposited Copper Catalyst for CCU
Authors: Penot Corentin , Maniam Kranthi Kumar , Paul Shiladitya
Published: March 2024

This study explores the stability of electrodeposited copper catalysts utilized in electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR) across various amine media. The focus is on understanding the influence of different amine types, corrosion ramifications, and the efficacy of pulse ECR methodologies. Employing a suite of electrochemical techniques including potentiodynamic polarization, linear resistance polarization, cyclic voltammetry, and chronopotentiometry, the investigation reveals useful insights. The findings show that among the tested amines, CO2-rich monoethanolamine (MEA) exhibits the highest corrosion rate. However, in most cases the rates remain within tolerable limits for ECR operations. Primary amines, notably monoethanolamine (MEA), show enhanced compatibility with ECR processes, attributable to their resistance against carbonate salt precipitation and sustained stability in potential over extended durations. Conversely, tertiary amines such as methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) present challenges due to the formation of carbonate salts during ECR, impeding their effective utilization. The study highlights the effectiveness of pulse ECR strategies in stabilizing ECR. A noticeable shift in cathodic potential and reduced deposit formation on the catalyst surface through periodic oxidation underscores the efficacy of such strategies. These findings offer insights for optimizing ECR in amine media, thereby providing promising pathways for advancements in CO2 emission reduction technologies.
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: Deciphering Metabolic Complexities for Improved Health Outcomes
Authors: Benjamin Candace , Crews Rebecca
Published: March 2024

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a key NAD+ precursor, exhibits distinct metabolic characteristics and potential health benefits. Recent investigations underscore the pivotal role of gut bacteria and specialized uptake mechanisms in NMN metabolism. While human trials demonstrate NMN's safety and promising health outcomes, challenges persist. Variability in results is likely influenced by lifestyle, health conditions, and individual genetic and gut microbiota differences. Understanding how these factors affect NMN metabolism is crucial for personalized approaches and maximizing NMN's potential. Advances in delivery systems show promise for enhancing NMN bioavailability, but further understanding of optimal NAD+ levels and reliable measures of NMN's effects is necessary. This comprehensive approach is key to optimizing NMN's impact on human health and longevity.
Heterozygous SERPINA1 Defects and Their Impact on Clinical Manifestations of Patients with Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies
Authors: Sarrou Styliani , Voulgaridi Ioanna , Fousika Athanasia , Dadouli Katerina , Margaritopoulou Olympia , Kakkas Ioannis , Hadjichristodoulou Christos , Kalala Fani , Speletas Matthaios
Published: March 2024

Patients with predominantly antibody deficiencies (PAD) display hypogammaglobulinemia with a high prevalence of infections, along with autoimmune manifestations, benign and malignant lymphoproliferation and granulomatous disease. It is noteworthy that PAD patients, even those with defects in the same causative genes display a variable clinical phenotype, suggesting that additional genetic polymorphisms, located in either immune-related or non-immune-related genes, may affect their clinical and laboratory phenotype. In this context, we analyzed 80 PAD patients, including 70 with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) for SERPINA1 defects, in order to investigate their possible contribution to PAD clinical phenotype. Eight CVID patients carried heterozygous pathogenic SERPINA1 defects with normal alpha-1 antitrypsin levels. Interestingly, the presence of the Z allele (rs28929474) which was found in three patients, was significantly associated with liver disease; hepatic complications were also observed in patients carrying the p.Leu23Gln (rs1379209512) and the p.Phe76del (rs775982338) alleles. Conversely, no correlation of SERPINA1 defective variants with respiratory complications was observed, although patients with pathogenic variants exhibit a reduced probability of developing autoimmune diseases. Therefore, we recommend SERPINA1 genetic analysis in PAD, in order to identify patients with a higher risk for liver disease.
A Comprehensive Survey on Investigation of Machine Learning-Powered Augmented Reality Applications in Education
Authors: Khan Haseeb Ali , Jamil Sonain , Jalil Piran Md. , Kwon Oh-Jin , Lee Jong Weon
Published: March 2024

Machine learning (ML) is enabling augmented reality (AR) to gain popularity in various fields, including gaming, entertainment, healthcare, and education. ML enhances AR applications in education by providing accurate visualizations of objects. For AR systems, ML algorithms facilitate the recognition of objects and gestures from kindergarten through university. The purpose of this survey is to provide an overview of various ways in which ML techniques can be applied within the field of AR within education. The first step is to describe the background of AR. In the next step, we will discuss the ML models that are used in AR education applications. Additionally, we discuss how ML is used in AR. Each subgroup’s challenges and solutions can be identified by analyzing these frameworks. In addition, we outline several research gaps and future research directions in ML-based AR frameworks for education.
Comparative Impact of Supine versus Prone Positioning on Segmental Lumbar Lordosis in Patients Undergoing ALIF followed by PSF
Authors: Sadeghzadeh Sina , Yoo Kelly , Lopez Ivan , Johnstone Thomas , Schonfeld Ethan , Haider Ghani , Marianayagam Neelan J , Stienen Martin N. , Veeravagu Anand
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF) and Posterior Spinal Fusion (PSF) play pivotal roles in restoring lumbar lordosis in spinal surgery. Debates persist between combined single-position surgery and traditional prone-position PSF for optimizing segmental lumbar lordosis.

Research Question: The study investigates the impact of performing ALIF in the supine position followed by PSF in the prone position on segmental lumbar lordosis.

Material and Methods: A cohort of 59 patients underwent ALIF and PSF at a single institution. Preoperative, post-ALIF supine, and post-PSF prone Cobb angles were assessed using x-ray imaging. Statistical analyses, including one-way repeated measures ANOVA and Post-hoc analyses with Bonferroni adjustment, were employed for mean comparisons within subjects.

Results: The mean Cobb angle for the entire cohort showed significant variations over different time points (p).
Bilateral Minimally Invasive TLIF for High-Grade Isthmic Spondylolisthesis Surgery: A Novel Technique. Monocentric Prospective Cohort Observational Study
Authors: Miscusi Massimo , Ricciardi Luca , Trungu Sokol , Forcato Stefano , Ciardo Antonio , Piazza Amedeo , Norri Nicolo' , Ramieri Alessandro , Raco Antonino
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Purpose: High-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis (HGISL) is a severe condition, associated with low-back pain (LBP) and radiculopathies. The present study is a monocentric prospective observational study investigating the clinical-radiological outcomes of a bilateral minimally invasive TLIF (bm-TLIF) for HGISL. Material and Methods: Patients who underwent bm- TLIF for HGISL at our institution, were considered for inclusion. Clinical-radiological outcomes and complications were collected. Results: Twenty-one patients (14M:7F) were included and the mean clinical follow-up (FU) time was 27(±6) months. There was a significative improvement of the mean VAS-back, VAS-legs, ODI, and SF-36 PCS scores, comparing pre- and last FU measurements. The mean pelvic tilt (p0,05). The univariate analysis showed that residual slip angle (> or  10°) may independently influence VAS-b (p
Neuroprotective Effects of Carotenoid Rich Verbesina encelioides Flower Extract in Scopolamine Induced Memory Impaired Rats Mimicking Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Dey Abhishek , Srivastava Nidhi , Sharma Swapnil , Verma Vartika , Rao Lavisha , Chaudhary Monika , Jain Smita , Pinapati Kishore Kumar
Published: March 2024

Neuron degeneration is the most common old age complications worldwide. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative condition with limited drug options and significant adverse effects. Hence, there is a growing interest in exploring natural products for their potential pharmacological activities against AD. This study investigates the efficacy of Verbesina encelioides flower extract (VFE) in alleviating neurobehavioral damage induced by Scopolamine in rat mimicking AD model. GC-MS analysis showed that V. encelioides flower extract is rich in carotenoids like spirilloxanthin. Various behavioural models were used to assess the rats' learning and memory capabilities. Additionally, biochemical tests were conducted on the AD rat models to evaluate oxidative stress in the brain, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH), and anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme assays. Findings from this study suggest that the VFE significantly improved the rats' cognitive aptitude and alleviated them from oxidative stress by reducing free radical generation. Based on the results obtained from GC-MS analysis, in silico interaction analysis of gingkolide A and spirilloxanthin with acetylcholinesterase was carried out. In summary, this study suggests that V. enceloides flower extract improves learning abilities and mitigates cognitive deficits caused by scopolamine. Thus V. enceloides could be potentially seen as natural therapeutic intervention against neurodegenerative disorders likes Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.
Predictive Modeling of Postpartum Haemorrhage Using Early Risk Factors: A Comparative Analysis of Statistical and Machine Learning Models
Authors: Holcroft Shannon , Karangwa Innocent , Little Francesca , Behoor Joelle , Bazirete Oliva
Published: March 2024

Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in low-resource settings. This study aimed to develop a predictive model for PPH using early risk factors and rank their importance in terms of predictive ability. The dataset was obtained from an observational case-control study in Northern Rwanda. Various statistical models and machine learning techniques were evaluated, including logistic regression, logistic re-gression with elastic-net regularisation, Random Forest, Extremely Randomized Trees, and gradient boosted trees with XGBoost. Random Forest emerged as the best predictive model for PPH across three different train-test data partitions. The important predictors identified in the study were haemoglobin level during labour and maternal age. However, there were differences in PPH risk factor importance in different data partitions, highlighting the need for further investigation. These findings contribute to understanding PPH risk factors, highlight the importance of considering different data partitions and implementing cross-validation in predictive modelling, and emphasise the value of identifying the appropriate prediction model for the application. Effective PPH pre-diction models are essential for improving maternal health outcomes on a global scale. This study provides valuable insights for healthcare providers to develop predictive models for PPH to identify high-risk women and implement targeted interventions
Digital Twin-Based Approach for a Multi-objective Optimal Design of Wind Turbine Gearboxes
Authors: Llopis-Albert Carlos , Rubio Francisco , Devece Carlos , García-Hurtado Dayanis
Published: March 2024

Wind turbines (WTs) are clean a renewable energy source that has been growing in popularity in recent years. Gearboxes are complex, expensive, and critical components of WT, which are subject to high maintenance costs and several stresses including high loads and harsh environments that can lead to failure with significant downtime and financial losses.
This paper focuses on the development of a digital twin-based approach for the modelling and simulation of WT gearboxes with the aim to improve their design, diagnosis, operation, and maintenance by providing insights into their behavior under different operating conditions. Pow-erful commercial computer-aided design tools (CAD) and computer-aided engineering (CAE) software are embedded into a computationally efficient multi-objective optimization framework (modeFrontier) with the aim of maximizing the power density, compactness, performance, and reliability of the WT gearbox. This entails minimizing its weight, volume, and maximum stresses and strains achieved without compromising efficiency. The 3D CAD model of the WT gearbox is carried out using SolidWorks, the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to obtain the stresses and strains fields are modelled using Ansys Workbench, while the multibody kinematic and dynamic system is analyzed using MSC Adams.
The method has been successfully applied to different case studies to find the optimal design and analyze the performance of the WT gearboxes. Simulation results can be used to identify potential failure modes and optimize gearbox design to improve performance, extend service life and relia-bility, thereby ensuring proper operation over its lifetime and reducing maintenance costs.
Nuclear Phospholipids and Signaling: An Update of the Story
Authors: Casalin Irene , Ceneri Eleonora , Ratti Stefano , Manzoli Lucia , Cocco Lucio , Follo Matilde Yung
Published: March 2024

In the last three decades the presence of phospholipids in the nucleus has been shown and thoroughly investigated. A great interest raised about nuclear inositol lipids mainly because of their role in signalling acting. Here we review the main issues of nuclear phospholipid localization and the role of nuclear inositol lipids and their related enzymes in cellular signaling both in physiological and pathological conditions.
Increased Prolylcarboxypeptidase Expression Can Serve as Biomarker of Senescence in Culture
Authors: Boullard Nicholas Glen , Paris Jason , Shariat-Madar Zia , Mahdi Fakhri
Published: March 2024

Prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP, PCP, Lysosomal Pro-X-carboxypeptidase, Angiotensinase C) controls angiotensin - and kinin- induced cell signaling. Elevation of PRCP appear to be activated in chronic inflammatory diseases (cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes) in proportion to severity. Vascular endothelial cell senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction have consistently been shown in models of CVD in aging. The cellular senescence, a driver of age-related dysfunction, can differentially alter the expression of lysosomal enzymes due to lysosomal membrane permeability. There is a lack of data demostrating the effect of age-related dysfunction on the expression and function of PRCP. To explore the changes in PRCP, PRCP-dependent prekallikrein (PK) pathway was charcterized in early – and late-passage human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs). Detailed kinetic analysis of cells treated with high molecular weight kininogen (HK), a precursor of bradykinin (BK), and PK revealed a mechansim by which senescent HPAECs activate the generation of kallikrein upon the assembly of the HK-PK complex on HPAECs in parallel with an upregulation of PRCP and endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) and NO formation. The NO production and expression of both PRCP and eNOS increased in early-passage HPAECs while decreased in late-passage HPAECs. Low activity of PRCP in late passage HPAECs was associated with rapid decreased telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA levels. We also found that, with an increase in the passage number of HPAECs, reduced PRCP altered respiration rate. These results indicated that aging dysregulates PRCP protein expression, and further studies will shed light into the complexity of PRCP-dependent signling pathway in aging.
Batch To Continuous: From Laboratory Recycle Trickle Bed Test Reactor Data to Full Scale Plant Preliminary Design—A Case Study Based on the Hydrogenation of Resorcinol
Authors: Pollington Steve D. , Kalirai Bal S , Stitt E. Hugh
Published: March 2024

The fine chemical and pharmaceutical sectors are starting to advocate the use of flow chemistry due to reasons such as EHS, environmental, efficiency, cost saving and regulatory compliance. The use of trickle bed or fixed bed system could replace a batch autoclave typically used for hydrogenation reactions. However, there are few studies which detail the process from laboratory proof of concept through design to commercial realization. This study, using the production of 1,3-cyclohexanedione from catalytic hydrogenation of resorcinol as a case study demonstrates how the laboratory-scale recycle trickle bed can be used for catalyst screening and selection. Further, design data are generated by operation over a range of design superficial velocities and operating pressure that are used to derive a design correlation that is then used to specify a single stream plant at a level of definition consistent with a Preliminary Design for capital cost estimation. Finally, the further actions required in terms of data generation to increase the level of definition and confidence to a Sanction Grade or Final Design are discussed.
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy during Armed Conflict: A Case Series
Authors: Bruoha Sharon , Star Artyom , Givaty Gili , Shilo Michael , Friger Michael , Chitoroga Vladimir , Shmueli Hezzy , Abramowitz Yigal , Asher Elad , Jafari Jamal , Shlyakhover Vladimir , Zahger Doron , Haim Moti , Yosefy Chaim
Published: March 2024

Introduction the outbreak of the Israel-Gaza conflict, initiated by a major attack on the civilian population in Israel provided a tragic opportunity to study the community wide association between severe emotional stressors related to acts of war and the incidence and clinical characteristics of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) in this scenario.
Methods Eight consecutive cases of TCM diagnosed during the first 50 days of the Israel-Gaza conflict were retrospectively collected from two southern medical centers who provided care to most of the war victims throughout the period of monitoring. The medical records were thoroughly reviewed and analyzed.
Results During the monitoring period, the incidence of TCM increased substantially compared to the control period. Eight patients were included in the analysis. All patients were female and 100% of patients presented within the first 3 weeks of conflict whereas after this initial phase, despite the continuing war, the incidence of TCM reverted to pre-conflict levels. Two patients (25%) were under 50 years of age. All patients had hazardous clinical characteristics including severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction (≤35%) and prolonged QTc interval (>500 ms). Five patients (62.5%) experienced complications. Nevertheless, no in-hospital mortality was reported.
Conclusions Repeated exposure to severe emotional stress, on both personal and national level, due to mass crisis such as war is associated with an increased incidence of TCM potentially with high-risk phenotype in comparison to TCM following other, less potent, psychological insults.
Novel Medical Treatments and Devices for the Management of Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Alfieri Michele , Bruscoli Filippo , Di Vito Luca , Di Giusto Federico , Scalone Giancarla , Marchese Procolo , Delfino Domenico , Silenzi Simona , Martoni Milena , Guerra Federico , Grossi Pierfrancesco
Published: March 2024

Heart failure (HF) is a growing issue in developed countries and most patients present with a reduced ejection fraction. This condition significantly impairs quality of life and represents a threat not only for patients, but also for the entire healthcare system due to its high management cost. In the last decade, new medical treatments and devices have been developed to reduce HF hospitalizations and improve prognosis, while reducing the overall mortality rate.
Medical therapy does not achieve the same results in all patients and, whenever it fails, technology comes in handy: novel devices for the management of HF have reduced symptoms. They have also improved the treatment of fluid retention and life threatening arrhythmias.
The present review article gives to the readers a comprehensive overview of the most recent and important findings that need to be considered in HF with reduced ejection fraction patients. Both novel medical treatments and devices have been presented and discussed.
Validation of a laboratory method for the traceability of a rainfall weighing gauge
Authors: Simões Catarina Ferreira , Ribeiro Álvaro Silva , Almeida Maria Céu , Covas Dídia , Dias Luís , Coelho Gustavo
Published: March 2024

This study aims to develop a laboratory method for the traceability of a rainfall weighing gauge, including an evaluation of the measurement uncertainty. The adopted procedure is similar to the one used for the non-automatic weighing instruments. A static approach is followed to achieve the calibration deviation of the precipitation scale. The method used to evaluate the measurement uncertainty is based on a nonlinear mathematical model. The Monte Carlo method is used to calculate uncertainties and validate estimates following the conventional Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) approach. Measurement uncertainty contributions of input quantities to the mathematical model used to calculate rainfall also require specific calibration procedures. Results show the accuracy level achievable with rainfall weighing gauges commonly used as a reference for meteorological monitoring networks and data modelling.
Heat stress measuring methods in dairy cows
Authors: Aloia Alessandra , Maggiolino Aristide , Forte Lucrezia , De Palo Pasquale
Published: March 2024

The most widely used predictor to assess the incidence of thermal stress in livestock is THI, the temperature humidity index. However, it is an indicator that disregards the individual animal and the specific farm conditions. This review aims to list and summarize other thermal stress predictor factors, by using non-invasive and cost-effective strategies, in particular with the aid of Precision Livestock Farming technologies. When it comes to dairy animals the metabolic load is already increased by milk production, so the effect of heat stress can exacerbate the overall welfare of the cow. Therefore, the animals enact copying mechanisms that may result in physiological, behavioral and productive alterations. Those animal-based parameters can be used as early predictors of heat stress, allowing the farmer to collect real time data and address the condition operating management strategies in order to prevent further detrimental effect on the performance and consequent economic losses.
Portable milkmeters for the rapid in-field collection of milkability phenotypes in dairy goats
Authors: Magro Silvia , Boselli Carlo , Costa Angela , De Marchi Massimo
Published: March 2024

The present study aimed to investigate the phenotypic factors affecting the variability of the milkability traits measured in Italian dairy goats through a portable milkmeter in commercial herds. Milkability descriptors combine either milk production, milking time, or milk flow and are important to consider for reasons related to udder health, e.g., they can be exploited for large- or small-scale monitoring of mechanical milking stress. The milkability traits recorded in this study were analyzed through a linear model. Almost all the traits were influenced by lactation stage, but only part of them were affected by parity and season of sampling. With exception of blind phase (overmilking indicator), estimates decreased along the lactation, suggesting that fresh animals – especially pluriparous - are those with the greatest productivity, milk emission flow, and milking time. As regards the effect of parity, for the majority of traits the estimates of primiparous were lower compared to those of pluriparous. Monitoring milking ability of goats through milkmeters in the field can be a strategy to evaluate milking procedures of farmers and could thereby boost the implementation and effectiveness of udder health improvement schemes with positive implications on milk quality and farm profitability.
Short review of current limits and challenges of application of machine learning algorithms in the dairy sector
Authors: Trapanese Lucia , Hostens Miel , Salzano Angela , Pasquino Nicola
Published: March 2024

In the last years, the livestock sector is moving towards a more sustainable animal-based industry, mitigating the environmental impact of livestock while meeting the demand for high-quality food. To achieve these goals, farms are using a more technological approach, adopting algorithms to manipulate the vast amount of data from sensors and routine operations. The results will be useful for making more objective decisions. In this context, machine learning - a branch of Artificial Intelligence applied to the study of prediction, inference, and clustering algorithms - can be successfully employed. Nowadays, machine learning algorithms are successfully used to solve many issues in the livestock sector, such as early disease detection, and they are expected to be employed in the future for welfare monitoring. This brief review gives an overview of the current state of the art of the most popular applications for dairy science and the most widely used and best-performing algorithms, highlighting the challenges and obstacles for broad acceptance of these techniques in the dairy sector.
Using the MTM calculator to determine the time norms for technological operations
Authors: Kirin Snježana , Kralj Damir , Šajatović Anica Hursa
Published: March 2024

Successful business and production in the clothing sector are based on JIT (Just in Time), QR (Quick Response), and TTM (Time to Market) strategies, in which the production process is organized as part of a team using the time-accuracy-quality model, with the main goal of reducing time (faster), increasing quality (better), and lowering costs (more valuable). The work in the technological process of sewing is determined by the kind and character of the workpiece, the type of sewing machine, the design of the workplace, and the work method. By applying the basic motions of the MTM-1 system, elaborated standard sets of hand suboperations and the RAV and ZAK method for determining machine-hand sewing times, it is possible to determine the time of technological operation. The MTM calculator tool was intended to make it simpler to identify work methods and time norms based on the MTM system. It calculates the production time for a technical sewing process
Addition of microbial consortium to the rice straw biomethanization: effect on specific methanogenic activity, kinetic and bacterial community
Authors: Jiménez Janet , Carabeo-Pérez Annerys , Negrín Ana María Espinosa , Calero-Hurtado Alexander
Published: March 2024

The biomethanization of lignocellulosic residues is still an inefficient and complex process due to the lignin structures that hinder the hydrolysis step. Therefore, one of the strategies has been the application of biological treatments using cellulolytic microorganisms. The objective of this work was to evaluate a microbial consortium obtained from the technology of effective microorganisms and enriched with microorganisms isolated from different agricultural soils, for bioaugmentation and/or pretreatment strategies during the biomethanization of rice straw. A laboratory-scale experiment was carried out in batch reactors, using anaerobic sludge from swine manure as inoculum, following two strategies: i) pretreatment of rice straw during 48 h using the enriched microbial consortium (dilution 1:100), and ii) addition of this enriched microbial consortium (dilution 1:100) directly to the anaerobic reactors (bioaugmentation). The kinetic behavior of the digestion process was described through three models. As a result, the molecular characterization of the enriched microbial consortia showed 58 different bacterial species responsible for the positive effect obtained in bioaugmented and pretreated reactors. The abundance of anaerobic species and the different metabolic pathways supported the higher methane yields (290 LNCH4/kgVS), even after 30 days of digestion, influenced by the addition of enriched microorganism consortia. All the kinetic models applied in this study fitted well with the experimental cumulative methane yield data, although the modified Hill model showed the best fit in all cases. The methane yield obtained from the pretreatment and bioaugmentation strategies demonstrates that these biological methods are efficient in the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass.
Targeted metabolomic profiling for acute myocardial infarction pathogenesis
Authors: Markin Sergey S. , Ponomarenko Elena A. , Romashova Yulia A. , Pleshakova Tatiana O. , Ivanov Sergei V. , Beregovykh Valery V. , Konstantinov Sergey L. , Stryabkova Galina I. , Chefranova Zhanna Yu. , Lykov Yuri A. , Karamova Irina M. , Koledinskii Anton G. , Shestakova Ksenia M. , Markin Pavel A. , Moskaleva Natalia E. , Appolonova Svetlana A.
Published: March 2024

Background. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Metabolomics investigation may be useful in the AMI pathogenesis research.
Materials and methods. The article describes a comprehensive study of the AMI through the targeted metabolomic profiling. A total of 195 subjects were enrolled in the study, consisting of 68 AMI patients, 84 IHD patients and 43 non-CVD subjects. Metabolomic profiling was conducted, involving the quantitative analysis of 87 endogenous metabolites in plasma.
Results. We identified 36 significantly changed metabolites in AMI, which included increased cystathionine and dimethylglycine and the decreased asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and arginine. It was found, that patients with AMI had significantly lower concentration of short chain acylcarnitines as compared to IHD and non-CVD patient. In patients with AMI concentration of xanthurenic acid and 3-OH-kynurenine was significantly decreased, as compared to IHD patients and non-CVD subjects. Norepinephrine was significantly decreased in patients with AMI and IHD, whereas its end-product – vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) – significantly increased. Based on the differences in the constructed weighted correlation networks, there were found new significant ratios of the metabolites. Among 23 established significantly altered metabolite ratios 14 ratios between non-CVD vs AMI and 17 ratios between IHD vs AMI were found. 9 ratios between non-CVD vs AMI and IHD vs AMI and 2 ratios between non-CVD vs IHD vs AMI were coincided.
Conclusion. Obtained findings may pave the way for new insight of АMI pathogenesis and ultimately improving clinical outcomes.
Differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors versus leiomyomas by special stains
Authors: zhang shiwei , qin pan , ji hongliang
Published: March 2024

The objective of the study was to investigate whether special stains can differentiate gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and gastrointestinal leiomyomas (GILs). In this retrospective study, 39 cases of GISTs (diameter, 0.2–8.8 cm) and 75 cases of GILs (diameter, 0.2–4.5 cm) were recruited, all biopsy specimens were surgically resected under endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guidance. GISTs and GILs were the most common types of mesenchymal tumors found anywhere along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, from the esophagus to the rectum. GISTs were often associated with a higher risk of malignancy. In this study, the gender, age of onset, size and sites of the lesions, together with the number of mucosal or lamina propria lesionsa all have significant differences, nevertheless, there was no significant difference in cell morphology of GISTs and GILs tested by hematoxylin eosin (HE) stain, and all showed low echo areas by EUS examination. In this retrospective study, the GISTs and GILs had been diagnosed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), combined with clinical signs and symptoms. Subsequently, special stains including Masson's trichrome (MT) stain, Alcian blue periodic acid Schiff (AB-PAS) stain, Wright-Giemsa (W-G) stain and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) combined with diastase periodic acid Schiff (D-PAS) stains were also applied in the diagnosis, the retrospective study results showed that 92.3% GISTs were stained blue with MT stain, 97.3% GILs were stained red with MT stain (P < 0.01), almost all GISTs were PAS-negative (light purple), in contrast, all GILs were PAS-positive (rose red) (P < 0.01), all of these experiments set control using the blood vessels stained by MT and AB-PAS stains. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference between GISTs and GILs stained by W-G stain. These obvious and meaningful differential results were also confirmed in the detection of new GISTs and GILs cases using MT and AB-PAS stains. In conclusion, MT and AB-PAS stains could also identify GISTs and GILs cases, particularly, AB-PAS was more sensitive and more specific, providing a more cost-effective, simple, and high sensitivity and specificity inspection methods, which can instead of IHC analysis in the future, especially in resource-limited grass-roots testing institution.
A highly conserved amino acid mutation in TaCHLI-7D affects leaf color and yield-related traits in wheat
Authors: Wang Zixu , Xu Huiyuan , Wang Faxiang , Sun Lingling , Meng Xiangrui , Li Zhuochun , Xie Chang , Jiang Huijiao , Ding Guangshuo , Hu Xinrong , Gao Yuhang , Qin Ran , Zhao Chunhua , Sun Han , Cui Fa , Wu Yongzhen
Published: March 2024

Chlorophyll is essential for plant growth and productivity. The CHLI subunit of the magnesium chelatase protein plays a key role inserting magnesium into protoporphyrin IX during chlorophyll biosynthesis. Here, we identify a novel wheat mutant chlorophyll (chl) that exhibits yellow-green leaves, reduced chlorophyll levels, and increased carotenoid content, leading to an overall decline in yield-related traits. Map-based cloning reveals that the chl phenotype is caused by a point mutation (Asp186Asn) in the TaCHLI-7D gene, which encodes subunit I of magnesium chelatase. Furthermore, the three TaCHLI mutants: chl-7b-1 (Pro82Ser), chl-7b-2 (Ala291Thr), and chl-7d-1 (Gly357Glu), also showed significant reductions in chlorophyll content and yield-related traits. However, TaCHLI-7D overexpression in rice significantly decreased thousand-grain weight, yield per plant, and germination. Additionally, natural variations in TaCHLI-7A/B are significantly associated with flag leaf, spike-stem length, and yield per plant. Notably, the favorable haplotype, TaCHLI-7B-HapII, which displayed higher thousand-grain weight and yield per plant, is positively selected in wheat breeding. Our study provides insights on the regulatory molecular mechanisms underpinning leaf color and chlorophyll biosynthesis, and highlights TaCHLI functions, which provide useful molecular markers and genetic resources for wheat breeding.
Study on characterization of SrO Aerosols Generated by Optimized Thermal Plasma Torch Aerosol Generator
Authors: Kumar Amit , Usha P.
Published: March 2024

Plasma Torch Aerosol Generation System (PTAGS) has been employed to generate nano aerosols with desirable characteristics. The operational parameters of PTAGS installed in the aerosol test facility have been optimized, and aerosols are generated using non-radioactive SrO2 powder. The current-voltage characteristics, electro-thermal efficiency and torch power are studied as a function of the flow rate of the plasma-generating gas (mixture of argon and nitrogen) and the arc current of the plasma torch. The arc characteristics relation is determined using the Nottingham formulation. Based on this, torch parameters are evolved and optimized as 20 kW power, 70% electro-thermal efficiency, 25 L min− 1 flow rate of plasma forming gas, 5 mg min− 1 powder feed rate and for 4–5 min torch operation towards the generation of SrO nano aerosols to achieve 1012 m− 3 and ~ 25 mg m− 3 for the count and mass concentration of aerosol respectively. The initial size distribution of the aerosols is in the few tens of nanometre range (10–40 nm) with a mean diameter of 26 nm (σg = 1.45). SEM and EDAX analysis reveal that the morphology of nano aerosols was nearly spherical and the formation of SrO nanoparticles. A set of operational parameters of PTAGS has been standardized to perform further experiments related to reactor safety analysis. PTAGS shall be tuned for aerosol generation in a large facility to achieve the characteristics equivalent to reactor accidental conditions.
Awareness and Practical Evaluation of Correct Use of Iron Chelators; A Study to Track the Ambiguities of Thalassemia Patients on Their Medications in Iran
Authors: Mousavi Mina Saddat , Mohammadnezhad Ghader , Yaghmaei Farideh , Azarkeivan Azita , Esmaily Hadi
Published: March 2024

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice toward iron chelating agents (ICAs) in Iranian major thalassemia patients.
Methods
A total of 101 patients with major thalassemia were involved in this cross-sectional survey. A deep medication review was done, and participants' knowledge, attitude, and practice were evaluated by a validated instrument based on a 20-scoring system.
Results
Statistical analyses showed 52 patients (51.5%) had a poor knowledge level (scores < 10) about their medications, 37 (36.6%) had a moderate level (scores 10–15), and 12 (11.9%) had a satisfactory level (scores > 15). Seventy-seven (76.2%) patients have positive beliefs regarding the dependence of their current health status on taking iron chelators, and 63 (62.4%) believed that they would become very ill without taking medication. The results also showed that the mean practice score in patients who received deferoxamine was 5.81 ± 3.50; in the patients who received deferiprone and those who received deferasirox, the mean scores were 7.36 ± 5.15 and 14.94 ± 4.14. Also, the knowledge and practice level had a direct linear correlation based on the regression analyses (P < 0.001).
Conclusion
In conclusion, results of the present research suggests that the patients' knowledge about the administration, adverse events, and necessity of ICAs was not satisfactory. Improving the knowledge of thalassemia patients toward their medicines through educational interventions is highly recommended to improve their practice level.