bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paratexts as a site of cultural reflection
Authors: Moratto Riccardo , Xu Qianqian
Published: June 2023

In the Ming and Qing dynasties the translation of Western books fueled the phenomenon known as Eastward
Transmission of Western Sciences. In this context, the collaborative translation of The Chinese Classics by James
Legge (1815–1897) and Wang Tao (1828–1897) was of particular significance because it promoted the transmission of Eastern learning
to the West in the late Qing dynasty. This process of collaborative translation provided an opportunity for cultural interaction
between China and the West; at the same time, it also generated competition between the two cultures. This paper sets out to
investigate the paratexts written by the two co-translators, namely Legge and Wang, and aims to answer the following questions:
How did the translation process of The Chinese Classics generate a dialectical interaction and why did it create
a cultural struggle between the two translators? What impact did such a cultural collision exert on the translation and
interpretation of The Chinese Classics and its reception in the West?
Influence of binder and solvents on the electrochemical performance of screen-printed MXene electrodes
Authors: Chavan Rutuja A , Ghule Anil Vithal
Published: June 2023

The present study is concerned with the use of binders and solvents in fabricating MXene electrodes, which play a vital role in influencing supercapacitive performance. The electrodes were prepared by screen printing MXene on flexible stainless steel mesh (FSSM) substrate, which is a straightforward, efficient, and cost-effective approach. The influence of binder and solvent on the electrochemical performance was investigated by fabricating them with and without using a binder i.e. only organic solvents ethanol and n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). The electrode with the binder is abbreviated as MX-B@FSSM and was prepared with the composition of acetylene black conducting material, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer binder, and MXene (MX) as active material. While electrodes without binder were prepared by a slurry of MXene using organic solvent ethanol and NMP and are abbreviated as MX-E@FSSM and MX-N@FSSM, respectively. The electrochemical performance of these MX-B@FSSM, MX-E@FSSM and MX-N@FSSM electrodes was examined by cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The influence of the binder altered the electrochemical performance. The samples MX-B@FSSM, MX-E@FSSM, and MX-N@FSSM show the specific capacitance of 35.60, 490.80, and 339.6 F g−1, respectively at 2 mA cm−2 current density. The MX-E@FSSM electrode exhibited marginally the best electrochemical performance. Furthermore, MnO2/MXene//MX-E asymmetric supercapacitor device exhibits 252 F g−1 specific capacitance at 35.2 Wh kg−1 energy density demonstrating a promising electrode for the supercapacitor.
Physical mechanism of electrode coatings to suppress wire particle’s firefly motion under DC stress and selecting criterion for in situ applications
Authors: Chang Yanan , Geng Qiuyu , Hu Zhiying , Li Zhihui , Li Qingmin , Wang Jian
Published: June 2023

The Wire metal particles in gas-insulated equipment such as GIS (Gas-Insulated Substation) and GIL (Gas-Insulated transmission lines) under DC stress present a special firefly motion behaviour, namely a long-term levitation on the surface of conductors. However, the electrode coating, as a key device available to suppress the movement of particles, lacks of a theoretical basis as well as an effective selecting criterion to suppress wire particle’s firefly. In this paper, a test platform is established to obtain the charge dynamics and ionic wind characteristics of the wire particles on the coated electrodes. Experimental results illustrate that, the polarity alternation of wire particle charge due to the space charge accumulation near the wire particles as well as the ionic wind generated by the wire particles, is the key impact factor upon firefly motion. The coated electrodes will reduce the surface conduction current and thereby suppress the particle corona discharge, consequently suppressing the firefly motion by limiting the charge acquisition and ionic wind speed of the wire particles. Based on the above research, a selecting criterion of electrode coating material is further proposed. Electrode coatings is primarily expected to increase the corona onset voltage of the wire particles on the coating surface, so as to lower the ionic wind at the end of the particles less than 1 m s−1. Regarding the high voltage conductor, the coating material with relatively large conductivity is recommended, while for the grounded enclosure, the coating material with smaller conductivity is preferable as to constrain the particles adhere to the enclosure, thereby preventing the firefly motion of wire particle. Both the clarified physical mechanism and the proposed selecting criterion of electrode coating presents theoretical and quantitative guidance for DC GIL design from a specific point of view in suppressing the firefly motion.
Uphill inflation
Authors: Briaud Vadim , Vennin Vincent
Published: June 2023

Primordial black holes (PBH) may form from large cosmological perturbations, produced during inflation when the inflaton's velocity is sufficiently slowed down. This usually requires very flat regions in the inflationary potential. In this paper we investigate another possibility, namely that the inflaton climbs up its potential. When it turns back, its velocity crosses zero, which triggers a short phase of “uphill inflation” during which cosmological perturbations grow at a very fast rate. This naturally occurs in double-well potentials if the width of the well is close to the Planck scale. We include the effect of quantum diffusion in this scenario, which plays a crucial role, by means of the stochastic-δN formalism. We find that ultra-light black holes are produced with very high abundances, which do not depend on the energy scale at which uphill inflation occurs, and which suffer from substantially less fine tuning than in alternative PBH-production models. They are such that PBHs later drive a phase of PBH domination.
Ultrasound neuromodulation ameliorates chronic corticosterone-induced depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in mice
Authors: Wu Canwen , He Jiaru , Zhu Yiyue , Wu Junwei , Chen Yan , Yuan Maodan , Cheng Zhongwen , Zeng Lvming , Ji Xuanrong
Published: June 2023

Objective. Monoamine dysfunction has been implicated as a pathophysiological basis of several mental disorders, including anxiety and depression. Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is a noninvasive nerve stimulation technic showing great potential in treating depression/anxiety disorders. This study aims to investigate whether TUS can ameliorate depression with anxiety in mice by regulating brain monoamine levels. Approach. Mice received repeated subcutaneous injections of corticosterone (CORT, 20 mg kg−1) for 3 weeks to produce depression- and anxiety-like behaviors. Ultrasound stimulated the dorsal lateral nucleus (DRN) for 30 min daily for 3 weeks without interruption of CORT injection. Behavioral phenotypes of depression and anxiety were estimated by sucrose preference test (SPT), tail suspension test (TST), and elevated plus-maze test (EPM). Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) was used to quantify brain levels of serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA). Western blotting was performed to detect brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in hippocampal. Main results. TUS of DRN significantly ameliorated the depression-like behaviors in SPT (p = 0.0004) and TST (p = 0.0003) as well as anxiety-like behaviors in EPM (open arm entry frequencies, p < 0.05). Moreover, TUS increased c-Fos-positive cell expression (p = 0.0127) and induced no tissue damage. LC–MS results showed TUS of DRN resulted in a non-significant increase in the 5-HT levels and a significant decrease in the NE levels, but did not affect the levels of DA and BDNF. Significance. These results suggest TUS of DRN has safely and effectively ameliorated CORT-induced depression- and anxiety-like behaviors, possibly by restoring brain levels of 5-HT and NE. TUS may be a safe and effective technique for remedying depression and anxiety comorbidity.
Light-matter interaction of the polar-polar interface LaVO3-KTaO3 (111)
Authors: Gupta Anshu , Singh Ajit , Bera Chandan , Chakraverty Suvankar
Published: June 2023

KTaO3 (KTO) has emerged as a potential candidate in the spintronics block showing the emergent phenomena in its bulk form as well as thin films, especially in KTO-based heterostructures and interfaces. In this work, we have grown a thin film of polar Mott insulator LaVO3 (LVO) on polar band insulator KTO (111) using the pulsed laser deposition technique. This interfce shows the insulator-to-metal transition. We have studied the photoelectrical properties by using a blue laser light of wavelength 405 nm for illumination in temperatures ranging from 76 K and 300 K. Under blue light illumination, the interface shows enhancement in conductivity, for both 76 K to 300 K. This system has shown the persistent photoconductivity as well. Further, electrostatic gating has also been applied to tune the charge carrier density and the conductivity is increased by around 23 % under the effect of light and electrostatic gating.
An ab initio Study of Structural, Electronic and Optical Properties of Janus AlInS2 homo-bilayer
Authors: Khengar S. J. , Parmar P. R. , Thakor P. B.
Published: June 2023

By using the first principle calculations, the structural, electronic and optical properties of Janus AlInS2 Bilayer have been calculated. The Janus AlInS2 shows a honey-comb stable structure with semiconducting behaviour having indirect bandgap. The bilayer is found to be energetically favourable. The density of states (DOS) is calculated for Janus AlInS2 Bilayer. It shows absorptions in the visible and ultraviolet regions where prominent peaks of absorption coefficient is found in ultraviolet region of order 105 cm−1. The Janus AlInS2 Bilayer has a high static refractive Index. From the results, it is concluded that Janus AlInS2 Bilayer has a potential application in optoelectronic devices such as coating material to increase reflectivity.
Magnetic Proximity Effect in LaMnO3-LaFeO3 Bilayer
Authors: Panda S. , Das M.K. , Mohapatra N.
Published: June 2023

Here, we report the magnetic properties of LaMnO3, LaFeO3 thin films and their heterostructures, fabricated using Pulse laser deposition technique (PLD) on SrTiO3(001) substrate. The crystal structure, surface morphology signifies the phase pure epitaxial growth of LaMnO3 and LaFeO3 films and their heterostructure. The magnetic characteristics of individual LaMnO3 and LaFeO3 films along with their heterostructures were studied to explore the proximity effect of the different antiferromagnets. We demonstrate that LaMnO3 thin film shows ferromagnetic signal with inconspicuous Tc. The ferromagnetic signal is stronger in case of LaMnO3 grown on buffered LaFeO3 and LaFeO3 on top of LaMnO3. The change of Tc is analyzed in heterostructures as compared to the bare LaMnO3. Additionally, our study illustrates the variation of anisotropic energy and spin flop coupling between the interface with alternate growth sequence of heterojunctions.
MXene-based highly sensitive and selective NH3 sensor
Authors: Kaur Ramandeep , Gasso Sahil , Saini Rajan
Published: June 2023

With increasing industrialization in the modern era, the detection of hazardous gases like NH3 became a global issue due to its detrimental effect on mankind. MXene has emerged as an outstanding gas sensing candidate among two-dimensional materials due to its favorable characteristics like an abundance of interaction sites, metallic conductivity, tunable surface properties, band gap, and excellent mechanical strength. In the present work, a highly sensitive and selective NH3 gas sensor has been fabricated using MXene-based nanostructures. The morphological and structural characterizations of nanostructures have been performed using X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The successful etching of Al reveals the formation of MXene having exfoliated multilayered morphology with an average interlayer spacing of ~53 nm. The response kinetics of the sensor has been investigated by estimating their response and selectivity toward different oxidizing and reducing gases. The sensor exhibits high response transient curves toward 5–100 ppm of NH3 at room temperature (30 °C) with fast response and recovery time. Density functional theory has been used to elucidate the interaction mechanism between NH3 molecules and MXene surface.
Photoluminescence and enhanced photocatalytic activity of mechanically activated graphite-zinc oxide composites
Authors: Agulo Ian Jasper , Rosario Princess , Yague Krystelle , Balod Mary Joy , Empizo Melvin John F , Agulto Verdad C , Shimizu Toshihiko , Madarang May Angelu , Ngaloy Roselle , Sarukura Nobuhiko
Published: June 2023

In this work, we show evidence of enhanced photocatalytic activity in mechanically activated graphite-zinc oxide (ZnO) composites using time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) and time-integrated photoluminescence (TIPL) spectroscopy. The graphite-ZnO composites were synthesized through facile mixing and grinding of graphite and ZnO precursors without any heat treatment. The precursors were ground at room temperature with varying graphite to ZnO mass ratios of 3:1, 2:2, and 1:3 for 0, 2, and 4 h. Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometry confirm the presence of both graphite and ZnO and corroborate the graphite-to-ZnO ratio. XRD results also show a hexagonal wurtzite ZnO crystal structure. To determine the photocatalytic activity of the composites, the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV light was measured with a UV–vis spectrophotometer. Nearly full degradation was achieved within a half hour for all composite samples. The kinetic rates of 0.10 min−1were also estimated for mixed and unground samples and samples ground for 2 h. Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) and time-integrated photoluminescence (TIPL) spectroscopy reveal longer lifetimes and more intense UV emissions, respectively, for composite samples compared to pure ZnO. We propose that the even agglomeration of zinc oxide particles on graphite due to grinding enhances the photocatalytic degradation by the zinc oxide. TRPL and TIPL spectroscopy implies the excellent binding between ZnO and graphite, which greatly contributes to the decreased charge recombination resulting in the superior photocatalytic activity observed with our samples.
Abstraction and semantic presuppositions
Authors: Assadian Bahram
Published: June 2023

According to the neo-Fregean abstractionism, numerical expressions of the form ‘the number of Fs’, introduced by Hume’s Principle, should be read as purportedly referential singular terms. I will explore the prospects of a version of abstractionism in which such expressions have presuppositional content, as in Strawson’s account. I will argue that the thesis that ‘the number of Fs’ semantically presupposes the existence of a number is inconsistent with the required ‘modest’ stipulative character of the truth of Hume’s Principle: since Hume’s Principle is true and provably presupposes that numbers exist, what it presupposes is also true; and so numbers exist. This, however, means that numbers are conjured into existence by a direct stipulation.
Green TLC-Densitometric Method for Simultaneous Determination of Antazoline and Tetryzoline: Application to Pharmaceutical Formulation and Rabbit Aqueous Humor
Authors: Hussein Ola G , Rostom Yasmin , Abdelkawy Mohamed , Rezk Mamdouh R , Ahmed Dina A
Published: June 2023

Ophthalmic pharmaceutical preparation containing antazoline (ANT) and tetryzoline (TET) is prescribed widely as an over the counter medication for allergic conjunctivitis treatment. Development of a selective, simple and environmentally friendly thin-layer chromatographic method established to determine both ANT and TET in their pure forms, pharmaceutical formulation and spiked aqueous humor samples. By using silica gel plates and means of a developing system consists of ethyl acetate:ethanol (5:5, by volume), the studied drugs separation was achieved, and scanning was carried out at 220.0 nm for the separated bands with a 0.2–18.0 μg/band concentration range for each of ANT and TET. Standard addition technique application was carried out to determine the proposed method validity. Statistical comparison was made between the proposed method and the official methods ANT and TET showing no significant difference concerning accuracy and precision. Furthermore, greenness profile assessment was accomplished by means of four metric tools, namely, analytical greenness, green analytical procedure index, analytical eco-scale and national environmental method index.

 

Highlights
Obesity, cardiovascular risk, and lifestyle: cross-sectional and prospective analyses in a nationwide Spanish cohort
Authors: Valenzuela Pedro L , Santos-Lozano Alejandro , Saco-Ledo Gonzalo , Castillo-García Adrián , Lucia Alejandro
Published: June 2023

Aims

To assess whether overweight and obesity are independently associated with cardiometabolic health [as categorized based on the presence/absence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, or hypertension)], and the role of lifestyle on this association.

Methods and results

A nationwide cohort of Spanish adults (18–64 years) was studied using a cross-sectional design and prospective observational design. Lifestyle-related factors (physical activity, sleeping characteristics, alcohol drinking, and smoking) were registered, and participants were classified as having an ‘unhealthy’ or ‘healthy’ cardiometabolic status attending to the presence or absence, respectively, of ≥1 CVD risk factor. A number of 596 111 participants (44 ± 9 years, 67% male) were studied at baseline, with prospective analyses in a subcohort [n = 302 061; median follow-up, 2 years (range, 2 to 5)]. Compared to normal weight, overweight and obesity were associated with a higher prevalence [odds ratio, 1.67 (95% confidence interval, 1.61–1.67) and 2.70 (2.69–2.78), respectively] and incidence [1.62 (1.59–1.67) and 2.70 (2.63–2.78)] of an unhealthy cardiometabolic status. Meeting physical activity guidelines reduced the odds of an unhealthy cardiometabolic status at baseline [0.87 (0.85–0.88)] among individuals with overweight/obesity, as well as of transitioning from a healthy status to an unhealthy status during the follow-up [0.87 (0.84–0.94)]. No significant associations were found for the remainder of lifestyle factors.

Conclusion

Overweight and obesity are independently associated with an unhealthy cardiometabolic status. Regular physical activity attenuates not only the prevalence but also the incidence of CVD risk factors.
Utility of Plasma Microbial Cell-Free DNA Whole-Genome Sequencing for Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis in Patients With Hematologic Malignancy or COVID-19
Authors: Lee Ki Hyun , Won Dongju , Kim Jinnam , Lee Jung Ah , Kim Chang Hyup , Kim Jung Ho , Jeong Su Jin , Ku Nam Su , Choi Jun Yong , Yeom Joon-Sup , Cho Hyunsoo , Chung Haerim , Cheong June-Won , Lee Seung-Tae , Jang Ji Eun , Shin Saeam , Ahn Jin Young
Published: June 2023

Background

We evaluated the clinical accuracy and utility of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of plasma microbial cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a novel noninvasive method in diagnosing invasive aspergillosis (IA) in patients with hematologic malignancy (HM) or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods

Adults with HM or COVID-19 and suspected IA were recruited. IA cases were retrospectively diagnosed according to EORTC/MSG definitions and ECMM/ISHAM criteria for HM and COVID-19 patients, respectively. The results of cfDNA WGS were compared with the conventional diagnosis.

Results

Microbial cfDNA WGS was performed 53 times from 41 participants (19 from HM, 16 from COVID-19, and 7 from the control group). In participants with HM, Aspergillus cfDNA was detected in 100% of proven IA and 91.7% of probable IA cases. In participants with COVID-19, 50.0% of probable IA were positive for Aspergillus in cfDNA WGS. Concordance between Aspergillus cfDNA detection and proven/probable IA conventional diagnosis was significantly higher in participants with HM than in those with COVID-19. IA diagnosed using EORTC/MGS definitions showed significantly high concordance between Aspergillus cfDNA detection and proven/probable IA.

Conclusions

Aspergillus cfDNA detection strongly correlated with proven/probable IA diagnosed using EORTC/MSG definitions and could be used as an additional diagnostic tool for IA.
Impact of kinship support on child mortality in the Upper East Region of Ghana: assessing the Grandmother Hypothesis
Authors: Wak George , Bangha Martin , Aborigo Raymond , Anarfi John , Kwankye Stephen
Published: June 2023

Background

The grandmother is an important kin member whose contribution to childcare and survival has been recognized in the literature, hence the Grandmother Hypothesis. This article examines the effect of the presence of a grandmother on child mortality.

Methods

Data were obtained from the Navrongo Health and Demographic Surveillance System, located in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Children born between January 1999 and December 2018 were included in the analysis. Person-months lived for each child were generated. The multilevel Poisson regression technique was employed to investigate the effect of a grandmother on child survival.

Results

In all, 57 116 children were included in the analysis, of which 7% died before age 5 y. Person-months were generated for the children, which produced 2.7 million records, with about 487 800 person-years. After controlling for confounders, results showed that children in households with paternal grandmothers are 11% less likely to die compared with those without paternal grandmothers. However, when other confounders were taken into accounts, the beneficial effect of maternal grandmothers disappeared.

Conclusions

We conclude that the presence of grandmothers improves child survival, thus sustaining the Grandmother Hypothesis. The experiences of these grandmothers should be tapped to improve child survival, particularly in rural areas.
An update of the predicted lean yield equation for the Destron PG-100 optical grading probe
Authors: Bohrer Benjamin M , Wang Yifei , Dorleku Justice B , Campbell Cheryl P , Mandell Ira B
Published: June 2023

The objective was to update the equation used for prediction of pork carcass leanness with the Destron PG-100 optical grading probe. A recent cutout study (completed in 2020–2021) consisting of 337 pork carcasses was used for this research. An updated equation was generated using a calibration dataset (N = 188 carcasses) and prediction precision and prediction accuracy of the new equation was evaluated using a validation dataset (N = 149 carcasses). The updated equation was generated using forward stepwise multiple regression selection techniques in PROC REG of SAS, and the same parameters as the existing equation were used to fit the model. The updated Destron equation [89.16298 – (1.63023 × backfat thickness) – (0.42126 × muscle depth) + (0.01930 × backfat thickness2) + (0.00308 × muscle depth2) + (0.00369 × backfat thickness × muscle depth)] and the existing Destron equation [68.1863 – (0.7833 × backfat thickness) + (0.0689 × muscle depth) + (0.0080 × backfat thickness2) – (0.0002 × muscle depth2) + (0.0006 × backfat thickness × muscle depth)] were similar in their prediction precision for determination of carcass lean yield (LY), with the updated equation R2 = 0.75 and root mean square error (RMSE) = 1.97 and the existing equation R2 = 0.75 and RMSE = 1.94. However, when prediction accuracy was evaluated using the variance explained by predictive models based on cross-validation (VEcv) and Legates and McCabe’s efficiency coefficient (E1), the updated equation (VEcv = 67.97%; E1 = 42.41%) was much more accurate compared with the existing equation (VEcv = −117.53%; E1 = −69.24%). Furthermore, when accuracy was evaluated by separating carcasses into 3% carcass LY groupings ranging from less than 50% LY to greater than 62% LY, the existing equation correctly estimated carcass LY 8.1% of the time, while the updated equation correctly estimated carcass LY 47.7% of the time. In an effort to further compare the abilities of the updated equation, comparisons were made with an advanced automated ultrasonic scanner (AutoFom III), which scans the entire carcass. The prediction precision of the AutoFom III was R2 = 0.83 and RMSE = 1.61, while the AutoFom III correctly estimated carcass LY 38.2% of the time and prediction accuracy calculations for the AutoFom III were VEcv = 44.37% and E1 = 21.34%). Overall, refinement of the Destron PG-100 predicted LY equation did not change prediction precision, but substantially improved prediction accuracy.
Evidentialism and Epistemic Duties to Inquire
Authors: McWilliams Emily C
Published: June 2023

Are there epistemic duties to inquire? The idea enjoys intuitive support. However, prominent evidentialists argue that our only epistemic duty is to believe well (i.e., to have doxastically justified beliefs), and doing so does not require inquiry. Against this, I argue that evidentialists are plausibly committed to the idea that if we have epistemic duties to believe well, then we have epistemic duties to inquire. This is because on plausible evidentialist views of evidence possession (i.e., views that result in plausible theories of evidentialist justification), inquiry is sometimes a necessary constitutive means of forming doxastically justified beliefs—beliefs that are proportioned to and based on one's evidence. So, either evidentialist views of evidence possession commit them to epistemic duties to inquire or they lead to independently implausible theories of evidentialist justification. My discussion also has important implications for the zetetic turn in epistemology, since I argue that evidentialists who are staunchly opposed to epistemic norms on inquiry have reason to reconsider.
Clinical Utility and Patient Distribution of Brief Resolved Unexplained Event Classification for Apparent Life-Threatening Events
Authors: Tanaka Daiki , Amagasa Shunsuke , Kikuchi Nanae , Sasaki Ryuji , Uematsu Satoko , Tsuji Satoshi , Kubota Mitsuru , Nakagawa Satoshi
Published: June 2023

Objectives

In 2016, brief resolved unexplained events (BRUEs) were proposed as alternative concepts to apparent life-threatening event (ALTE). The clinical utility of managing ALTE cases according to the BRUE classification is controversial. To verify the clinical utility of the BRUE criteria, we evaluated the proportion of ALTE patients who met and those who did not meet the BRUE criteria and assessed the diagnoses and outcomes of each group.

Methods

We retrospectively investigated patients with ALTE younger than 12 months who visited the emergency department of the National Center for Child Health and Development from April 2008 to March 2020. The patients were classified into the higher-risk and lower-risk BRUE groups; however, those who did not meet the BRUE criteria were classified into the ALTE-not-BRUE group. We evaluated the diagnoses and outcomes of each group. Adverse outcomes included death, recurrence, aspiration, choking, trauma, infection, convulsions, heart disease, metabolic disease, allergies, and others.

Results

Over the period of 12 years, a total of 192 patients were included, among which 140 patients (71%) were classified into the ALTE-not-BRUE group, 43 (22%) into the higher-risk BRUE group, and 9 (5%) into the lower-risk BRUE group. Adverse outcomes occurred in 27 patients in the ALTE-not-BRUE group and 10 patients in the higher-risk BRUE group. No adverse outcome occurred in the lower-risk BRUE group.

Conclusions

Many of the patients with ALTE were classified into the ALTE-not-BRUE group, suggesting that replacing ALTE with BRUE is difficult. Although patients classified as lower-risk BRUE showed no adverse outcomes, there were only a few of them. In the pediatric emergency medicine setting, the BRUE risk classification may be beneficial for certain patients.
Drug resistance and physiological roles of RND multidrug efflux pumps in Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Yamasaki Seiji , Zwama Martijn , Yoneda Tomohiro , Hayashi-Nishino Mitsuko , Nishino Kunihiko
Published: June 2023

Drug efflux pumps transport antimicrobial agents out of bacteria, thereby reducing the intracellular antimicrobial concentration, which is associated with intrinsic and acquired bacterial resistance to these antimicrobials. As genome analysis has advanced, many drug efflux pump genes have been detected in the genomes of bacterial species. In addition to drug resistance, these pumps are involved in various essential physiological functions, such as bacterial adaptation to hostile environments, toxin and metabolite efflux, biofilm formation and quorum sensing. In Gram-negative bacteria, efflux pumps in the resistance–nodulation–division (RND) superfamily play a clinically important role. In this review, we focus on Gram-negative bacteria, including

Salmonella enterica

,

Escherichia coli

and

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

, and discuss the role of RND efflux pumps in drug resistance and physiological functions.
Common molecular signatures between coronavirus infection and Alzheimer’s disease reveal targets for drug development
Authors: Abyadeh Morteza , Yadav Vijay K. , Kaya Alaattin
Published: June 2023

Cognitive decline has been reported as a common consequence of COVID-19, and studies have suggested a link between COVID-19 infection and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. To shed light on this link, we conducted an integrated genomic analysis using a novel Robust Rank Aggregation method to identify common transcriptional signatures of the frontal cortex, a critical area for cognitive function, between individuals with AD and COVID-19. We then performed various analyses, including the KEGG pathway, GO ontology, protein-protein interaction, hub gene, gene-miRNA, and gene-transcription factor interaction analyses to identify molecular components of biological pathways that are associated with AD in the brain also show similar changes in severe COVID-19. Our findings revealed the molecular mechanisms underpinning the association between COVID-19 infection and AD development and identified several genes, miRNAs, and TFs that may be targeted for therapeutic purposes. However, further research is needed to investigate the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of these findings.
Generative artificial intelligence GPT-4 accelerates knowledge mining and machine learning for synthetic biology
Authors: Xiao Zhengyang , Li Wenyu , Moon Hannah , Roell Garrett W. , Chen Yixin , Tang Yinjie J.
Published: June 2023

Knowledge mining from synthetic biology journal articles for machine learning (ML) applications is a labor-intensive process. The development of natural language processing (NLP) tools, such as GPT-4, can accelerate the extraction of published information related to microbial performance under complex strain engineering and bioreactor conditions. As a proof of concept, we used GPT-4 to extract knowledge from 176 publications on two oleaginous yeasts (Yarrowia lipolyticaandRhodosporidium toruloides). After integration with a molecule inventory database, the outcome is a total of 2037 data instances and 28 features, which serve as machine learning inputs. The structured datasets enabled ML approaches (e.g., a random forest model) to predict Yarrowia fermentation titers with high accuracy (R2of 0.86 for unseen test data). Via transfer learning, the trained model could also assess the production capability of the non-conventional yeast,R. toruloides, for which there are fewer published reports. This work demonstrated the potential of generative artificial intelligence to speed up information extraction from research articles, thereby improving design-build-test-learn (DBTL) cycles for commercial biomanufacturing development.
Contact toxicity, antifeedant activity and oviposition preference of osthole against agricultural pests
Authors: Dong Fang , Chen Xin , Xingyuan Men , Li Zhuo , Kong Yujun , Yuan Yiyang , Ge Feng
Published: June 2023

Osthole, the dominant bioactive constituent inCnidium monnieri, has been shown to exhibit acute insecticidal activities. However, its detailed toxicity, antifeedant and oviposition preference effects against agricultural pests has not been fully understood, which has greatly hindered its practical applications. This study is designed to investigate the contact toxicity, antifeedant activity and oviposition preference of osthole against three agricultural pests (T. urticae,M. persicaeandB. dorsalis) to evaluate its potential agricultural applications. Our results showed thatCnidium monnieri(L.) Cusson (CMC) have a high osthole content of 11.4 mg/g. Osthole exhibited a comparable level of acute toxicity againstT. urticaeto four other coumarins found in CMC. Osthole demonstrated significant insecticidal activity against first instar nymphs and adults ofT. urticaeandM. persicaein a dose-dependent manner, but not againstB. dorsalisadults. Osthole exposure reduced the fecundity and prolonged the developmental time ofT. urticaeandM. persicae. Leaf choice bioassays revealed potent antifeedant activity inT. urticae. Furthermore, femaleB. dorsalisshowed a distinct preference for laying eggs in mango juice with 0.02 mg/mL osthole at 48 hours, a preference which persisted at 96 hours. These results provide valuable insights into the toxicity, repellent activity, and attractant activity of osthole, thereby contributing to its expanded use in pest control.
Service with a sense of belonging: navigating work–family conflict and emotional irritation in the service efforts of health professionals
Authors: Iqbal Juman , Shagirbasha Shameem , Madhan Kumar P.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The service effort behavior (SEB) of health professionals may be impeded by many factors. This study aims to draw upon the conservation of resources and stressor–strain–outcome theories to test a moderated mediation model that explores how work–family conflict (WFC) influences SEB. The mediating effect of emotional irritation (EI) and the moderating effect of organizational identification (OI) was also tested.

Design/methodology/approach

Data was collected over two waves from 524 health professionals working across India and was tested using SPSS PROCESS macros and Amos 24.

Findings

The results revealed that WFC has a significantly negative relationship with SEB, and EI mediates the relationship between the two variables. The mediation process was further moderated by OI.

Originality/value

There is an absolute scarcity of evidence that has explored the association of WFC and SEB with the mediating role of EI. Along with offering a nuanced understanding of these relationships, this study also presents some interesting insights to health-care administrators.
Parents' attending status and alcohol consumption on family cohesion and satisfaction at art festivals
Authors: Liu Yi , Draper Jason , Madera Juan M. , Taylor D. Christopher
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This study explores the effects of parents' attending status and alcohol consumption (scenario based) on their feelings of happiness, relaxation, family cohesion and family satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a 2 (attending status: with a child or without a child) X 3 (alcohol consumption: water, a cup of beer or four cups of beers) between-subjects experimental design on an art festival and employs relational cohesion theory while spillover theory.

Findings

The results reveal (1) significant differences between parents' attending status on happiness and relaxation; (2) significant differences between alcohol consumption on happiness, family cohesion, and family satisfaction and (3) happiness significantly mediates the effect of parents' alcohol consumption on family cohesion and family satisfaction.

Practical implications

Attending art festivals provides families with a chance to consolidate family relationships. Art festival planners could promote the festival through enhancing participants' family cohesion and satisfaction through potential family leisure activities.

Originality/value

Events are an emerging topic in the hospitality and tourism discipline in recent years. Social impacts, especially family-related outcomes, on art festivals are barely examined. Additionally, while alcohol consumption is common in festivals, the influence of alcohol consumption on the attendees' emotions and behaviors is under-researched.
Are supply chain partnerships developed and implemented according to their potential?
Authors: Enz Matias G. , Lambert Douglas M.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Grounded in contingency theory and strategic fit theory, the goal for this research was to determine if managers differentiate in terms of the degree of partnership when allocating resources for planning, joint operating controls, communication and other management components to relationships and if this differentiation is based on the Partnership Model (Lambert et al., 1996).

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 381 managers representing 31 relationships participated in one-and-a-half-day partnership meetings, and the authors analyzed how the management components were implemented in each relationship compared to the recommendations in the Partnership Model.

Findings

Managers did not differentiate types of partnerships which led to over-resourcing relationships with low potential and under-resourcing those with the highest potential for creating value. The principles of contingency theory and strategic fit were not used for managing relationships.

Research limitations/implications

Contingency theory combined with the relationship view suggests that management components should not be implemented at the same level for all relationships, but in the 31 relationships studied different partnership types were not managed based on their potential.

Practical implications

The research reinforces the need for a formal structure like the Partnership Model to establish joint goals for a relationship and guide management in implementation.

Originality/value

Effective supply chain management depends on the ability of managers to differentiate among partnership types and fit relational mechanisms that are appropriate. However, researchers tend to generalize their findings to all partnerships regardless of potential. The authors found support for the Partnership Model published in IJLM in 1996 as a method to resource different types of partnerships following the contingency perspective and strategic fit theory.
Two kinds of properties of knowledge networks, knowledge diversity and recombinant innovation: a patent analysis in the wind energy field
Authors: Ju Hailong , Fang Yiting , Zhu Yezhen
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Prior literature has long argued that knowledge networks contain great opportunities for innovation, and researchers can identify these opportunities using the properties of knowledge networks (PKNs). However, previous studies have examined only the relationship between structural PKNs (s-PKNs) and innovation, ignoring the effect of qualitative PKNs (q-PKNs), which refer to the quality of the relationship between two elements. This study aims to further investigate the effects of q-PKNs on innovation.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a panel data set of 2,255 patents from the Chinese wind energy industry, the authors construct knowledge networks to identify more PKNs and examine these hypotheses.

Findings

The results show that q-PKNs significantly influence recombinant innovation (RI), reflecting the importance of q-PKNs analysed in this study. Moreover, the results suggest that the combinational potential of an element with others may be huge at different levels of q-PKNs.

Originality/value

This study advances the understanding of PKNs and RI by exploring how q-PKNs impact RI. At different levels of PKNs, the potential of the elements to combine with others and form innovation are different. Researchers can more accurately identify the opportunities for RI using two kinds of PKNs. The findings also provide important implications on how government should provide support for R&D firms.
In the jungle, the mighty jungle, the zebras are teal tonight: investigating the organizational forms of Generation Z-driven Italian start-ups
Authors: de Gennaro Davide , Mormile Simona , Piscopo Gabriella , Adinolfi Paola
Published: June 2023

Purpose

In light of the new way of interpreting work spearheaded by Generation Z, the objectives of this study are to investigate (1) whether young entrepreneurs identify their start-ups with “zebras” – that is, as a concrete response to the evanescence and fantasy of “unicorns” based on the simultaneous pursuit of profit and social value, mutualism and resilience – and (2) whether they adopt a “teal” organizational configuration – that is, one characterized by evolutionary purpose, self-management and wholeness.

Design/methodology/approach

Through a qualitative approach with 41 interviews, this study focuses on start-uppers and companies that are particularly innovative and promising in the Italian context, as selected by Forbes magazine in its ranking of the brightest entrepreneurs, leaders and stars under 30.

Findings

The results suggest that young entrepreneurs recognize the importance of the common themes of the zebra movement and therefore identify their startups with zebras. More specifically, Generation Z entrepreneurs: (1) pursue a dual (economic and social) purpose, (2) are mutualistic and (3) build their organizations with resilience and capital efficiency. In addition, the interviews show that the organizational approach taken follows the paradigm of teal organizations, particularly in terms of evolutionary purpose, distributed leadership and decision-making power, and employee wholeness and empowerment.

Originality/value

This is the first study to analyze the evolutionary trends of animal entrepreneurial “species” led by Generation Z entrepreneurs and organized on the basis of the teal paradigm.
A Sami land‐claims settlement? Assessing Norway's Finnmark Act in a comparative perspective
Authors: Spitzer Aaron John , Selle Per
Published: June 2023

The Sami, the Indigenous peoples of Fennoscandia, assert ownership‐, use‐, and management‐rights to their traditional lands. Norway's 2005 Finnmark Act is the only legislation so far to broadly respond to those assertions. How to interpret the act has long been contested, and is now the subject of a legal case before Norway's Supreme Court. Despite parallels between the land‐rights assertions of Sami and those of Indigenous peoples elsewhere, and despite abundant legislation responding to Indigenous land‐rights assertions elsewhere, the Finnmark Act has seldom been analyzed comparatively. In this article, we study the act against the backdrop of Indigenous land‐claims settlements in Canada—the state where such legislation is most institutionalized. We find the Finnmark Act features many of the same institutional and procedural elements as Canadian settlements. However, we also find that in Norway those elements have been legally integrated, and practically implemented, in a different and less coherent way, rendering the act dysfunctional. We conclude by drawing lessons from the Canadian example to prescribe adjustments to the understanding and ongoing implementation of the Finnmark Act, to potentially put the accommodation of Sami land‐rights on a smoother path.
Identification of potent target and its mechanism of action of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F in the treatment of lupus nephritis
Authors: Cai Bin , Lu Hongjuan , Ye Qianyi , Xiao Qingqing , Wu Xin , Xu Huji
Published: June 2023

Aim

The Chinese anti‐rheumatic herbal remedy Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF) has been widely shown to be effective in treating lupus nephritis (LN), but the therapeutic targets and mechanisms of action are still unclear. In this study, we aimed to combine mRNA expression profile analysis and network pharmacology analysis to screen the pathogenic genes and pathways involved in LN and to explore the potential targets of TWHF in the treatment of LN.

Methods

The mRNA expression profiles of LN patients were used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and to predict associated pathogenic pathways and networks via the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis database. Through molecular docking, we predicted the mechanism by which TWHF interacts with candidate targets.

Results

A total of 351 DEGs were screened from the glomeruli of LN patients and were mainly concentrated in the role of pattern recognition receptors in the recognition of bacteria and viruses and interferon signaling pathways. A total of 130 DEGs were screened from the tubulointerstitium of LN patients, which were concentrated in the interferon signaling pathway. TWHF might be effective in treating LN by hydrogen bonding to regulate the functions of 24 DEGs (including HMOX1, ALB, and CASP1), which are mainly concentrated in the B‐cell signaling pathway.

Conclusion

The mRNA expression profile of renal tissue from LN patients revealed a large number of DEGs. TWHF has been shown to interact with the DEGs (including HMOX1, ALB and CASP1) through hydrogen bonding to treat LN.
Accounting for waste: Waste reporting in Australian metals and mining companies
Authors: Ha Le Thuy Duong , Mansi Mansi
Published: June 2023

Australian metals and mining companies are the focus of this study because mining activities are a significant source of waste products on a global scale, and to date, there has been no systematic review or comparison of how these companies report their waste management practices. Recognising that waste management is an important issue with future implications, this study is guided by one primary research question: What is the nature and extent of waste management disclosures by the top metals and mining companies in Australia?
Comments of the AFAANZ Auditing and Assurance Standards Committee on Proposed International Standard on Auditing 500 (Revised) Audit Evidence
Authors: Fu Yi (Dale) , Harding Noel , Hay David C. , Khan Mohammad Jahanzeb , Scott Tom , Singh Harj , Stepankova Sarka , Sultana Nigar
Published: June 2023

The International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) issued for public comment Proposed International Standard on Auditing 500 (Revised) Audit Evidence. The Australian Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (AUASB) and New Zealand Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (NZAuASB) also called for comments. The Auditing and Assurance Standards Committee of AFAANZ prepared a submission, based on the findings reported in extant research, responding to a number of the questions asked by the IAASB (and AUASB/NZAuASB). This technical note presents the formal submission made to the IAASB.