bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan model course review horray untuk meningkatkan sikap kerjasama dalam muatan pembelajaran IPS pada peserta didik kelas v sekolah dasar
Authors: Hikmah Isna Miftakhul , Sukarno Sukarno , Chumdari Chumdari
Published: March 2024

The goal of this research is to improve the attitude of cooperation through the application of the Course Review Horray learning model in social studies. The subjects of this study were teachers and 30 students from fifth-grade public elementary school Mangkuyudan Surakarta for the 2019/2020 school year. This research is a classroom action research that has three cycles with two meetings each cycle. The data collected were interviews, observation of students’ cooperative attitudes, assessment among students, and documentation. Data validity of this study using technical triangulation and source triangulation. The data analysis technique used is Miles & Huberman's interactive descriptive analysis model.  In the first cycle, students who got the very good cooperation category reached 13%, the second cycle reached 50%, while the third cycle reached 83% in classical completeness. The conclusion of this research is the cooperative attitude of a fifth-grade public elementary school Mangkuyudan Surakarta academic year 2019/2020 increases through the application of Course Review Horray learning models.
Developing a Geospatial Public Facility Navigation Map for Assilulu, Indonesia Using ArcGIS
Authors: Latumahina Fransina , Cahyani Rizka Regita , Ruslin Ruslin , Handoyo Rizky Nabilah N. I. F
Published: March 2024

This study aims to cultivate social responsibility among undergraduates of Pattimura University, Ambon, through the development of a Public Facility Navigation Map for Assilulu, a community in the Maluku Tengah district. Leveraging geographic information system (GIS) software, ArcGIS, the initiative gathered geospatial data through site surveys to obtain coordinates of key public infrastructure. This data was subsequently documented, tested for accuracy using Google Earth, and analyzed using ArcGIS 10.7. The resulting map was printed as banners and strategically placed at community entry points. This project contributes significantly to facilitating easier navigation for newcomers to the community, enabling them to locate important facilities such as government, religious, educational, and healthcare institutions, and tourism sites more efficiently. However, the project acknowledges room for further refinement, such as including additional facilities like agricultural, marine, and market infrastructures, recommending these as directions for future work in improving community navigability and land use planning in Assilulu.Highlights:

Fostering social responsibility via practical community projects.

Effective use of ArcGIS and Google Earth for navigation map creation.

Identified potential for future map improvements and land use planning.

Keywords: Geospatial Data, Public Facility Navigation, Community Engagement, ArcGIS, Land Use Planning
Democratic Legal Principles in the Election of the Governor of NTB, Indonesia
Authors: Azwar Lalu Muhammad , Asmara M. Galang , Purnomo Chrisdianto Eko
Published: March 2024

This study critically examines the mechanism of appointing the Acting Governor of Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB), focusing on its alignment with the principles of a democratic legal state. Utilizing a normative legal research methodology, the study employs legislative and conceptual approaches, drawing from primary and secondary legal materials. The analysis incorporates descriptive analytical, prescriptive, and argumentative data analysis techniques. Findings reveal that the current mechanism, governed by the Ministry of Home Affairs Regulation No. 4 of 2023, mandates adherence to democratic legal state principles. However, it faces significant challenges in ensuring optimal public participation and safeguarding human rights (HAM). Although the process involves multiple stakeholders, including optional non-ministerial government agencies, the final decision remains centrally with the president. This centralistic tendency undermines direct public participation in political decision-making, a core tenet of democracy. Additionally, the mechanism lacks clear legal procedures for termination, posing a risk of violating HAM principles and affecting the legitimacy and continuity of the appointed official. The study recommends enhancing public and representative body involvement to better reflect democratic participation principles. It also suggests regulatory changes to mandate broader stakeholder involvement and establish clear termination mechanisms, thereby improving transparency, accountability, and legal certainty while upholding human rights protection. These improvements are crucial for bolstering the mechanism's democratic legitimacy and efficacy in NTB's governance.Highlights

Centralized Authority: The president's ultimate decision-making power limits public involvement.

Public Participation Gap: Insufficient societal engagement in the appointment process.

Human Rights Risks: Unclear termination procedures pose legal and legitimacy concerns.

Keywords: Democratic Legal Principles, Public Participation, Human Rights, NTB Governor Appointment, Legal Transparency
Analysis of Factors Affecting Disclosure of Islamic Social Reporting (ISR)
Authors: Daniyati Adila Inas , Hariyanto Wiwit
Published: March 2024

This.study aims to.determine.the effect of Company Size (Return), Return On Assets (ROA), Debt to EquityRatio (DER) on the disclosure of Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) partially and simultaneously on companies recorded in the JII (Jakarta Islamic Index) period 2015-2017 with 19 companies.This study uses a quantitative approach. By using secondary data where data collection is on the IDX of the Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo or from the official website of the IDX. Data collection is done by tracing financial reports, annual reports and ongoing.reports or company social information selected as samples. The results of this study state that partially the company size variable (size), and Return on Assets (ROA) have a significant effect on ISR disclosure while the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) variable does not significantly influenceISR disclosure. Simultaneously the company size variable (size), return on assets (ROA) and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) affect the ISR disclosure.
The Influence of Human Resources, Utilization of Information Technology, and Understanding of Accrual-Based Accounting on the Quality of Financial Reports
Authors: Elmas Alif Kharisma , Biduri Sarwenda
Published: March 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of human resources (X1) on the use of information technology (X2) and the understanding of accrual-based accounting (X3) on the quality of financial statements (Y) in the Sidoarjo regency government. This study uses quantitative research methods. The sample in this study were 31 respondents with the slovin formula sampling technique. The analytical tool used is the analysis of multiple linear regression tests, t test, F test and coefficient of determination (R²) using SPSS 18 software applications. The results of this study indicate that the tested data is valid and reliable. Based on the t test and the F test, it shows that human resources, the use of information technology and the understanding of accrual-based accounting have a partial or simultaneous effect on the quality of local government financial reports. Variables of human resources, utilization of information technology, and understanding of accrual- based accounting have an influence on the quality of financial statements of 37.5% while the remaining 62.5% is explained by other variables.
Implementation of the Triple Exponential Smoothing Method for Predicting Helmet Sales
Authors: Saputro Ronggo Bayu , Kartika Kurnia Paranita , Puspitasari Wahyu Dwi
Published: March 2024

Helmet stock at the Trend Helmet store is very important to prepare, because it is for the readiness of goods to be sold in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to do forecasting to find out the estimated stock in the future. The method that can be used to predict the stock of goods for several periods at once is Triple Exponential Smoothing. Helmet stock forecasting results with Cargloss helmet sales data obtained a forecast for 2022. Alpha, beta and gamma used in this study were 0.3. Cargloss helmet sales forecast results in January as many as 379, February as many as 449, March as many as 431, April as many as 500, May as many as 483, June as many as 552, July as many as 534, August as many as 604, September as many as 586, October as many as 656, November as many as 638 , December as many as 707. The results of the calculation of accuracy with Mean Absolute Percentage Error with Alpha, Beta and Gamma values of 0.3 are 44.4%. Based on the value of Mean Absolute Percentage Error helmet sales forecasting with Triple Exponential Smoothing method is feasible to use.
Implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart Medicine Box for the Elderly
Authors: Susanto Yeremia Yudha Setia Graha , Restyandito  , Saputra Laurentius Kuncoro Probo
Published: March 2024

Consuming medicine on time is important for people who are sick. Medicine that prescribed by a doctor or pharmacist have various kind of rules, for example some medicine must be taken 3 times a day, 2 times a day, and 1 time a day, then there are rules after eating or before eating. Patients treated in the hospital are supervised by nurses, doctors, and receive more supervision from the hospital, but what if the patient is outpatient and the patient is an elderly person. With the presence of IoT technology that is not too expensive, a smart medicine box was made to be used to remind outpatients to take medicine which implements IoT technology and the android application used to manage the pillbox. The medicine box can remind patients to take medicine with the alarm module that is in the smart medicine box. System Usability Scale (SUS) is used to measure the success of the application. Smart medicine box is tested directly with data created to test the existing system. The result of testing the smart medicine box with existing data show that for each existing case, the smart medicine box system runs as it should. Application test results from all respondents received an average score of SUS 73,75. The score results show that the application can be accepted, get a grade scale worth B, and get good grades.
Information System for Processing Police Report Data at the North Gorontalo Police Women and Children Protection Unit
Authors: Suleman Fitriyanti , Tue Noviyanti , Talib Maryati Kadir
Published: March 2024

Designing an Information System for Processing Police Report Data at the Women and Children Protection Unit of the North Gorontalo Police, so that it can assist officers in collecting large numbers of reports, and can present reports quickly. The method used is the Research and Development (R&D) method. The system is made with PHP and HTML programming. The database used is the MySql language. For modeling using UML (Unified Modeling Language). For testing this system using white box and black box testing where with this test the correct graph flow is obtained as a sample the researcher tests the Input Data flowchart Report on the admin system obtained is the value of region (R) = 3, Independent path = 3, and Cyclomatic Complexity (CC) = 3.
Fuzzy Salt and Pepper Noise Removing for Color Images
Authors: Jalal Adel
Published: March 2024

Within the field of digital image processing applications, observed images frequently exposed to noise corruption stemming from image acquisition or transmission processes. This noise degradation reduces image quality and yields unfavorable outcomes in subsequent processing stages (e.g., segmentation, pattern recognition, and enhancement). Consequently, the mitigation of noise in images assumes paramount importance in the domain of image processing. This study introduces an algorithm centered around fuzzy logic for removing impulse noise from color images. The efficiency of the proposed algorithms is assessed by comparing their performance against various noise reduction methods. Objective metrics, namely peak signal-to-noise ratio and mean square error, substantiate that the proposed algorithms yield commendable outcomes in noise reduction and the preservation of intricate image details across a wide spectrum of noise densities
Design Of An Expert System Using Bayes' Theorem Method For Web-Based Diagnosis Of Diseases In Caftage Animals
Authors: Ananggia Anastasiaa , Aha Pekuwali Arini , Asnath Sitaniapessy Desy
Published: March 2024

Kemajuan yang cepat pada teknologi informasi menjadikan teknologi sebagai kekuatan dalam berbagai bidang di era modern. Teknologi informasi khususnya pada bidang kecerdasan buatan telah membuat perangkat lunak sistem pakar. Sistem pakar adalah salah satu cabang ilmu dari kecerdasan buatan yang mengadopsi pengetahuan, fakta dan teknik penalaran pakar yang digunakan untuk memecahkan permasalahan yang biasanya hanya dapat dipecahkan oleh pakar dalam bidang tersebut, seperti  pada peternak sapi di Balai Karantina Pertanian Kelas 1 Kupang, Wilayah Kerja Waingapu, terkadang sulit menemukan tenaga medis seperti dokter hewan ketika menemukan ternak sapi yang sakit. Salah satu bagian yang paling penting dalam penanganan kesehatan ternak adalah melakukan pengamatan terhadap ternak diduga sakit merupakan suatu proses untuk menentukan dan mengamati perubahan yang terjadi pada ternak melalui gejala-gejala yang diderita oleh sapi. Peternak sapi sering kali mengalami kendala dalam mengetahui penyakit sapi karena terbatasnya pengetahuan. Pada kondisi tersebut dibutuhkan peran seorang pakar dalam mengatasai penyakit pada sapi  dengan menerapkan teorema bayes yang digunakan dalam statistika untuk menghitung peluang untuk suatu hipotesis. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode waterfall dengan tahap analisis, desain, implementasi, dan pengujian. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara, observasi dan studi literatur.
The Relationship between School Well-Being and Achievement Motivation in Vocational School Students
Authors: Putra Sessa Pratama , Dwi Nastiti
Published: March 2024

Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara school well-being dengan motivasi berprestasi pada siswa SMK. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif jenis korelasional. Variabel yang digunakan yakni school wellbeing sebagai variabel bebas dan motivasi berprestasi sebagai variabel tergantung. Populasi penelitian ini yakni siswa SMK sejumlah 180 siswa. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 119 siswa yang dipilih dengan teknik proportional random sampling. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan skala school wellbeing dan motivasi berprestasi. Skala motivasi berprestasi dalam penelitian ini mengacu aspek motivasi berprestasi McClelland yang diadopsi dari penelitian Sinurat dengan koefisien reliabilitas 0,985. Sedangkan skala school well-being menggunakan aspek school well-being Alanen, Konu dan Rimpela yang diadopsi dari penelitian Kalsum dengan koefisien reliabilitas 0,851. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji korelasi Product Moment Pearson. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,448 dengan signifikansi sebesar 0,000 (< 0,05) sehingga uji hipotesis dalam penelitian ini diterima, yaitu terdapat hubungan positif antara school well-being dengan motivasi berprestasi. Pengaruh variabel school well-being terhadap motivasi berprestasi sebesar 20,1%. Dengan demikian ada pengaruh dari faktor-faktor lain yang mempengaruhi motivasi berprestasi sebesar 79,9%.
The Relationship Between Hardiness and Student Academic Stress In Limited Face-To-Face Learning (PTM) At PGRI 9 Junior High School Sidoarjo
Authors: Sari Diana Novita , Ghozali Rusyid Affandi
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya masalah stres akademik pada siswa – siswi SMP PGRI 9 Sidoarjo. Metode penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif korelasional dengan subyek siswa - siswi kelas IX yang berjumlah 181. Penentuan subyek menggunakan teknik non-probability sampling dengan metode accidental sampling. Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah hardiness dan stres akademik. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan dua skala penyusunan psikologi yaitu skala hardiness yang diadaptasi dari Putri (2010) dan stres akademik diadaptasi dari Khasanah (2021). Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini yaitu terdapat hubungan negatif antara hardiness dengan stress akademik pada siswa – siswi di SMP PGRI 9 Sidoarjo. Analisa data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji statistika korelasi product moment dengan bantuan SPSS 25 for Windows. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang negatif antara hardiness dengan stres akademik pada siswa - siswi di SMP PGRI 9 Sidoarjo dengan nilai r = -,218 dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 (P<0,05). Artinya ada hubungan yang signifikan antara hardiness dengan stres akademik pada siswa - siswi di SMP PGRI 9 Sidoarjo. Jadi, hasil hipotesis awal yang peneliti ajukan dapat diterima.
Multiple Paleokarst Events in the Cambrian Potosi Dolomite, Illinois Basin
Authors: Lasemi Yaghoob , Askari Zohreh
Published: March 2024

The Cambrian (Furongian) Potosi Dolomite (100-183 m) in Illinois is part of the Cambro-Ordovician Knox Group. It is a uniformly dolomitized unit with very low intercrystalline porosity but contains very permeable vug, fracture/cavern porosity intervals. Here, we interpret the characteristics of the widespread porous zones in the Potosi as paleokarst features formed by rising hypogenic basinal/hydrothermal fluids. The conformity bounded Potosi Dolomite is characterized by massive dolomitization, overdolomitization and occlusion of previously generated intercrystalline porosity, void filling mineralization, and extensive dissolution and formation of cavity-conduit systems. The pore spaces are typically lined with drusy quartz or are characterized by partial to complete infilling with chalcedonic silica and/or dolomite cements. Clay minerals may partially fill pore spaces; physical properties and thorium-potassium crossplot suggest chlorite as the main clay mineral present. Dolomite crystals typically are planar-s or nonplanar with open-space filling, inclusion rich saddle dolomite displaying curved and zigzag crystal faces. Void filling cement does not exhibit sign of pressure solution and in places vug porosity is developed along bedding parallel stylolite indicating post burial origin of these features.

Cavern reservoirs in the Potosi are laterally extensive and often stacked with intervening very low porosity dolomite; very low bulk density, excursion of caliper log signature from the baseline, and loss of fluid circulation during drilling in these intervals signify anomalously high porosity and permeability interpreted as being the result of cavern forming multiple paleokarst events. Post burial origin of cavities and void filling cements, association of saddle dolomite and chlorite, and occurrence of Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) ore deposits in Missouri suggest karstification by hypogenic warm basinal/hydrothermal fluids. Dissolution and mineralization likely occurred by flow of deep basinal formation waters and hydrothermal fluids (sourced from the crystalline basement underlying the Reelfoot Rift and the Illinois Basin) along numerous basement-rooted normal, reverse, and strike-slip faults, and the associated fold and fractures. Expansion and contraction because of fault-related seismicity likely developed fracture porosity in brittle host dolomite and possibly ruptured any underling impermeable units to enable large-scale upward and outward fluid movement. The Potosi fracture/cavern porosity intervals are confined by thick very low porosity dolomite intervals that could serve as effective seal. There is no report of any show of oil in the Potosi Dolomite, but the unit has an excellent potential to serve as a combined reservoir and seal for storing anthropogenic CO2 and waste material.
Sensitivity Analysis and Comparative Study for Different Detection Modes of Logging-While-Drilling Ultradeep Azimuthal Electromagnetic Tools
Authors: Hu Yubo , Gao Guozhong
Published: March 2024

The logging-while-drilling (LWD) ultradeep azimuthal electromagnetic tool plays a pivotal role in real-time drilling optimization operations. Established tool designs include arrays of coaxial and tilted coils that, during drilling operations, can be processed to a multicomponent magnetic induction data. These data can then be combined into different detection modes, which accentuate sensitivity to particular geological features. Leveraging the established coil design and definitions of various detection modes for an electromagnetic look-ahead (EMLA) tool, this study undertakes a comprehensive exploration of the disparities in detection performance and characterization of subsurface parameters. Through sensitivity analysis, the varying degrees of sensitivity exhibited by these detection modes concerning parameters such as subsurface formation resistivity, formation inclination, and electrical anisotropy have been investigated. The ensuing conclusions derived from an in-depth analysis are as follows: Detection Mode I exhibits remarkable prowess in delineating subsurface boundaries. Optimal exploration distances can be achieved through the judicious selection of source-receiver distances and frequencies. Detection Mode II displays heightened sensitivity to wellbore inclination and anisotropy, effectively elucidating subsurface resistivity anisotropy. This sensitivity is particularly pronounced at wellbore inclinations approaching 60°. Detection Mode III, while lacking directional capability, nonetheless furnishes fundamental insights into subsurface resistivity. Detection Mode IV demonstrates exceptional sensitivity to electrical anisotropy, particularly at higher wellbore inclinations, manifesting a conspicuous response to subsurface resistivity anisotropy. In summary, the diverse detection modes within the realm of ultradeep azimuthal electromagnetic technology each offer distinctive attributes, facilitating optimal mode selection to attain superior outcomes as per specific requisites. This research contributes significantly to an enhanced comprehension of the performance and applicability of the ultradeep azimuthal electromagnetic tool in the field of optimal drilling.
Rice-Based Distillers’ Dried Grains from Bio-Ethanol Production, a Potential Source of Protein for Food Application
Authors: Nguyen Tien-Thanh , Nguyen Gia Long , Cao-Xuan Bach , Nguyen-Thanh Thuy , Dinh Vuong Mai , Nguyen Tien Cuong , Pham Kim Dang , Vu Nguyen Thanh , Chu-Ky Son
Published: March 2024

Several bioethanol plants in Vietnam using rice or cassava as raw materialsgenerate a large number of by-products in the form of wet distillers spent grain, which have been underutilized with simple treatment for animal feeding. In this work, the biochemical and nutritional values such as protein (amino acid profile), lipid, fiber, ash, starch, calcium and phosphorous of dried distillers’ grain (DDG) collected from different bioethanolfactories in Vietnam were assessed. The DDG samples were shown to vary in nutrient compositions which depended either on raw materials or ethanol processing technology. Among, rice DDG was shown as the most nutritively valuable with very high protein content (55-80% of dry matter) and appropriate amino acid profile whereas cassava DDG was characterized by a high fiber content and a low protein content (13-16%). The protein in rice based DDG could be enriched by extraction/precipitation and applied for food products. The obtained data suggest that the by-products from rice-based bioethanol are very potential and promise to be used efficiently as ingredients not only for the animal feed industry but also for the food industry.
Microbiota diversity in biodeteriorated 17th-century Venetian manuscripts
Authors: Stratigaki Maria , Armirotti Andrea , Ottonello Giuliana , Manente Sabrina , Traviglia Arianna
Published: March 2024

Historical paper documents are susceptible to complex degradation processes. Biodeterioration is one of the usual suspects that progressively compromises their aesthetic and structural integrity. This study analyses 17th -century handwritten historical letters stored at the Correr Museum Library in Venice, Italy, exhibiting pronounced signs of biodegradation. The techniques used encompassed traditional colony isolation on agar plates and proteomics analyses, employing nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (nano-LC-MS). Additionally, fluorescence microscopy was applied for the first time in the historical paper biodeterioration context to supplement the conventional stereoscopic, optical, and scanning electron microscopic imaging techniques. This method enables the visualisation of microorganisms beyond and beneath the paper’s surface through their natural intrinsic autofluorescence in a non-invasive and non-destructive way. The results demonstrate a diverse, complex, and abundant microbiota composed of coexisting fungal and bacterial species (Ascomycota, Mucoromycota, Basidiomycota, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria), along with mite carcasses, insects, parasites, and possibly protists. Additionally, this study reveals certain species that were not previously documented in the biodeterioration of historical paper, including human pathogens, such as Histoplasma capsulatum, Brucella, Candida albicans, and species of Aspergillus (flavus, fumigatus, oryzae, terreus, niger) known to cause infections or produce mycotoxins, posing substantial risk to both artefacts and humans.
ChangPu YuJin Tang improves Tourette disorder symptoms by modulating amino acid neurotransmitters in IDPN model rats
Authors: lu manqi , Shi Zheng-Gang , Gao Lei , Gao Wei-Jiao , Shang Jing , Gao Lü
Published: March 2024

Introduction
Changpu Yujin Tang(CPYJT), a chinese herbal compound, is an effective therapeutic strategy for pediatric patients with Tourette disorder (TD). Therefore the purpose of this work is to investigate the therapeutic mechanisms of CPYJT.
Methods
Behavioral and cellular ultrastructural evaluation of the therapeutic effects of CPYJT in TD model rats. Colorimetric methods, reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR, and Western Blot were used to measure the altered levels of GLU, GABA, and the levels of VGLUT1, GLUD1, GABRA3, and GAD65 in the cortex, striatum, and thalamus of the TD model rats after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of CPYJT administration.
Results
CPYJT significantly reduced stereotypic behavior and motor behavior scores in TD model rats. CPYJT ameliorates myelin structural damage in TD model rat neuronal cells. CPYJT decreased GLU content, elevated GABA content, decreased GLUD1 and VGLUT1 levels, and elevated GAD65 and GABRA3 levels in the cortex, striatum and thalamus of TD model rats. CPYJT has different regulatory time points in the cortex, striatum, and thalamus for key factors of amino acid-based neurotransmission.
Conclusion
CPYJT has a protective effect on behavioral and structural damage of neuronal cells in multiple brain regions in TD model rats.
Challenges and Perspectives in Environmental Monitoring Used in the Study of Illicit Drugs Consumption in Brazil: A Literature Review
Authors: Junior André Luiz Sampaio da Silva , SANTANA GREGORIO MATEUS , Nascimento Madson Moreira , Cunha Ricardo Leal , Mesquita Paulo Roberto Ribeiro , de Jesus Raildo Mota
Published: March 2024

Brazil has one of the highest rates of illicit drug consumption and is considered a major corridor for the trafficking of illicit drugs worldwide. Thus, this article reviews the literature on the consumption, distribution, and main environmental impacts of illicit drugs in Brazil and analyzes the III National Survey on Drug Use by the Brazilian Population. The literature review is based on articles published in national and international journals between 2018 and 2023. This review consists of two analyses, the first of which addresses publications from the last six years on the monitoring of illicit drugs in Brazil and a second analysis based on the III National Survey on Drug Use that addresses the different possibilities of contact with drugs. The results revealed that the Southeast region of Brazil has the highest number of studies on the subject, especially in the state of São Paulo, while the North and Northeast regions have the lowest number of studies. The Midwest regions only have studies in the federal capital city, Brasília, while no studies were found in states bordering countries that produce illicit drugs, such as Paraguay and Bolivia. Analytical methods that use the concept of miniaturization, green chemistry, and the adoption of acceptance methods are frequent in most articles. Chemometric and statistical tools are widely used for the analysis, development, and conclusion of identification and quantification methods. In general, the most used analytical technique is LC-MS/TS, but other techniques have gained ground for the analysis of illicit drugs, such as GC-MS associated with sample preparation and analysis techniques like SPE, TV-LVI, LDI, MALDI, and FTIR, among others. Furthermore, the data show that the consumption of illicit drugs is increasing in Brazil, especially among young people. Thus, there is an urgent need to monitor the levels of illicit drugs in water bodies in different regions of the country to assess epidemiology and environmental contamination and gather indicators for social policies that curb the consumption of these drugs in the Brazilian population.
Spatiotemporal analysis of PM2.5 estimated using machine learning over Greater Bangkok: Variability, trends, and persistence
Authors: Aman Nishit , Panyametheekul Sirima , Pawarmart Ittipol , Xian Di , Gao Ling , Tian Lin , Manomaiphiboon Kasemsan , Wang Yangjun
Published: March 2024

The estimation of surface PM2.5 over Greater Bangkok (GBK) was done using six individual machine learning models (random forest, adaptive boosting, gradient boosting, extreme gradient boosting, light gradient boosting, and cat boosting), and a stacked ensemble model (SEM) during the dry season (November–April) for 2018–2022. The predictor variables include aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the Himawari-8 satellite, a set of meteorological variables from ERA5_LAND and ERA5 reanalysis datasets, fire hotspots count and NDVI from MODIS, population density from WorldPop database, and the terrain elevation from USGS. Surface PM2.5 was collected for 37 air quality monitoring stations from the Pollution Control Department and Bangkok Meteorological Administration. A good agreement was found between Satellite AOD and AERONET AOD from two AERONET sites in GBK. Among individual models, light gradient boosting showed the best performance in estimating surface PM2.5 on both hourly and daily scales. The SEM outperformed all the individual models and hence was used for the estimation of PM2.5 for each grid in GBK for each hour. A higher risk of PM2.5 pollution in winter (November–February) as compared to summer (March–April) with a higher intensity in Bangkok province was evident from the spatiotemporal maps for both PM2.5 and its exposure intensity. The increasing trend in PM2.5 was reported over more than half of the area in GBK in winter and one-fifth of areas in summer. PM2.5 showed higher variability in winter as compared to summer which can be attributed to the episodical increase in PM2.5 concentration due to changes in meteorological condition suppressing dilution of PM2.5. The persistence analysis using the Hurst exponent suggested an overall higher persistence in PM2.5 during winter as compared to summer but opposite behaviors in nearby coastal regions. The results suggest the potential of using satellite data in combination with ML techniques to advance air quality monitoring from space over the data-scare regions in developing countries. A derived PM2.5 dataset and results of the study could support the formulation of effective air quality management strategies in GBK.
LAP2α Orchestrates Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres Suppression through Telomeric Heterochromatin Regulation with HDAC1: Unveiling a Potential Therapeutic Target
Authors: Wang Feng
Published: March 2024

In response to the challenge of telomere attrition during DNA replication, cancer cells predominantly employ telomerase or, in 10%-15% of cases, the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). The intricate details of ALT, however, remain elusive. In this study, we unveil that the knockdown of lamina-associated polypeptide 2 alpha (LAP2α) in ALT cells results in telomere dysfunction, triggering a notable increase in ALT-associated hallmarks, including high frequencies of PML bodies (APBs), C-rich extrachromosomal circles (C-circles), and telomere sister chromatid exchange (T-SCE). Furthermore, LAP2α emerges as a crucial player in the process of break-induced telomere replication for telomerase-positive cells following telomeric double-strand breaks. Mechanistically, our investigation underscores LAP2α's role in hindering the recruitment of homologous recombination factors (e.g., RAD52 and RPA2) to telomeres. This occurs through the regulation of the heterochromatic state of telomeres, thereby increasing telomeric accessibility. Consistent with our findings, LAP2α expression is markedly diminished in ALT-positive Osteosarcoma. The use of methotrexate (MTX), which restores the lost heterochromatin state induced by LAP2α depletion, effectively reverses ALT characteristics. This is highlighted by a significant inhibition of tumor proliferation, specifically in ALT-positive patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models. These results underscore the critical role of LAP2α in regulating ALT activity, offering significant insights into the interplay between lamina-associated proteins and telomeres for maintaining telomere length. Of paramount significance, our findings contribute to the identification of a more appropriate target population for the osteosarcoma therapeutic drug, MTX.
Tivantinib induces mitotic death in SHH medulloblastoma cell lines.
Authors: Leva Gianpiero Di , Morlando Sonia , Cox Alexander , Aidoo Ruth , Wilkinson James , Topham Caroline
Published: March 2024

The c-MET kinase signalling pathway is a key player in the development of the cerebellum and it has been identified as a potential therapeutic candidate for treating medulloblastoma. Here, we confirm that c-MET and its ligand HGF are highly expressed in the SHH medulloblastoma subgroup with SHH-α and SHH-β subtypes showing the highest levels of expression of both genes, respectively. HGF treatments and siRNA-mediated c-MET knockdown demonstrated the proliferative dependance of SHH MB cells on c-MET signalling but time-lapse microscopy revealed heterogeneous behaviours of SHH cell lines after alterations of c-MET levels. Pharmacological inhibition of c-MET signalling established that tivantinib outperforms other c-MET inhibitors, including crizotinib and foretinib, in killing SHH medulloblastoma cells and induces a prolonged block in mitosis followed by apoptotic death in both 2D and 3D cell culture models. We have also shown that tivantinib enhances the anti-proliferative activity of vincristine, standard of care for MB patients, exclusively in DAOY cells where a combination of vincristine and tivantinib selectively increased the level of PARP cleavage. Finally, we demonstrated that foretinib and crizotinib induce mitotic slippage on SHH MB cells and the use of navitoclax, a pan-BCL2 inhibitor, initiates the apoptotic programme after cells fail mitosis. Taken together, these data suggest that tivantinib is a better clinical option for SHH MB patients and foretinib or crizotinib should be only considered in combination with BCL2 inhibitors.
Impact of the presence and number of chromosomal abnormalities on the clinical outcome in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: a monocentric experience
Authors: Danesin Nicolò , Bonaldi Laura , Martines Annalisa , Nalio Silvia , Bertorelle Roberta , Compagno Sofia , Marcato Raffaella , Manni Sabrina , Scarmozzino Federico , Pizzi Marco , Tos Angelo Paolo Dei , Cellini Alessandro , Scapinello Greta , Visentin Andrea , Trentin Livio , Piazza Francesco
Published: March 2024

The prognostic and predictive role of specific gene mutations in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (WM) is well-ascertained whereas the clinical impact of chromosome aberrations is far less known. Recent work has provided initial evidence for an adverse prognostic impact of some aberrations, such as del(6q), while other studies suggest a possible relationship between some clinical features (e.g. advanced age and/or inflammatory status) and specific cytogenetic abnormalities. To add to the still limited knowledge on WM cytogenetics and its clinical implications, we herein report our experience in a cohort of WM patients across 23 years. Based on our retrospective study, we found that abnormal karyotype was more represented in older patients and maintained a statistically significant independence from other molecular, clinical, and biological features related to WM. The presence and the number of cytogenetic aberrations correlated with inferior overall and progression-free survival outcomes regardless of the type of single chromosome aberration. Our data suggests that the role of the altered karyotype deserves to be better clarified specially in elderly WM patients, in whom underlying cytogenetic characteristics and disease biology appear to be characterized by a higher degree of complexity.
Smoking and cluster headache presentation and responsiveness to treatment
Authors: Hamdy Mohamed Mohamed , Nasr Nada , Hamdy Eman
Published: March 2024

Background
Though an association between cluster headache (CH) and smoking has been postulated, data from the Middle East region is scarce.
Aim of work:
To study the relationship between smoking and CH clinical characteristics and responsiveness to therapy in Egypt. Methodology: This was a prospective cohort hospital-based study conducted on patients with episodic and chronic CH in a tertiary headache clinic in Egypt during the period between 2019 and 2023.
Results
Of 172 patients with CH recruited, 144 (83.7%) were smokers. Twenty-eight patients had chronic CH. The mean age was 42.08 ± 10.93 (20–66) years, and 76.2% (n = 131) were males. Smokers had a significantly higher median number of cluster episodes in the past five years (3.0 (IQR2.0–4.0) versus 2.0 (IQR 1.0–2.0)) and worse HIT-6 scores [51.0 (44.0–59.75) versus 41.0 (38.0–41.75)] than non-smokers (p < 0.001). The number of cluster attacks in the past five years was positively correlated with the smoking index (r = 0.249 (p = 0.006) and the smoking duration (in years) (r = 0.392 (p < 0.001)). HIT-6 scores were significantly correlated with the age at smoking onset (r=-0.190, = 0.023), smoking index (r = 0.519, p < 0.001), smoking duration (r = 0.611, p < 0.001), and number of cigarettes consumed per day (r = 0.392, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Smoking is significantly correlated with the daily frequency of CH attacks, the frequency of CH episodes in the past five years, and the HIT-6 scores among our cohort.
Influence of soil conditions on severity of Fusarium wilt disease in banana cropping systems of Uganda
Authors: Erima Rockefeller , Tushemereirwe Wilberforce , Stoorvogel Jetse
Published: March 2024

Background and Aims
If there is no effective control for a plant disease it is essential to look for other solutions. This study analyzed the interactions between soil conditions and the severity of race 1 strains of Fusarium wilt disease in different banana cropping systems in Uganda.
Methods
A survey was conducted in three regions of Uganda. The severity of race 1 Fusarium wilt on susceptible bananas was studied in various banana cropping systems. Soil samples were collected in each of the cropping systems from the different regions for both laboratory soil analyses and pot experiments.
Results
There were considerable differences in the soil chemical and physical status at regional level. Cropping systems also exhibited significant differences in potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and manganese contents in the soil. Soil properties were clearly correlated to the severity of race 1 strains of Fusarium wilt varied at different levels of the individual soil properties. Also soil types exhibited significant differences in their individual soil properties and severity of race 1 strains of Fusarium wilt disease. Similar results were also found in a pot experiment under controlled conditions.
Conclusion
Soil types with a high pH, high in potassium, calcium, available phosphorus and low in manganese and clay contents appear to be suppressive to race 1strain of Fusarium wilt in bananas.
Use of proton pump inhibitors after laparoscopic gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy: a nationwide register-based cohort study
Authors: Gormsen Johanne , Sanberg Jonas , Gôgenur Ismail , Helgstrand Frederik
Published: March 2024

Background/Objectives
L-RYGB and L-SG are the dominant bariatric procedures worldwide. While L-RYGB is an effective treatment of coexisting gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), L-SG is associated with an increased risk of de-novo or worsening of GERD. The study aimed to evaluate the long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) following laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (L-RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (L-SG).

Subjects/Methods
This nationwide register-based study included all patients undergoing L-RYGB or L-SG in Denmark between 2008-2018. In total, 17 740 patients were included in the study, with 16 096 and 1671 undergoing L-RYGB and L-SG, respectively. The median follow up was 11 years after L-RYGB and 4 years after L-SG.
Data were collected through Danish nationwide health registries. The development in PPI use was assessed through postoperative redeemed prescriptions. GERD development was defined by a relevant diagnosis code associated with gastroscopy, 24 hours pH measurement, revisional surgery or anti-reflux surgery. The risk of initiation of PPI treatment or GERD diagnosis was evaluated using Kaplan Meier plots and COX regression models.

Results
The risk of initiating PPI treatment was significantly higher after L-SG compared with L-RYGB (HR 7.06, 95%CI 6.42-7.77, p<0.0001). The utilization of PPI consistently increased after both procedures. The risk of GERD diagnosis was also significantly higher after L-SG compared with L-RYGB (HR 1.93, 95%CI 1.27-2.93, p<0.0001).

Conclusions
The risk of initiation of PPI treatment was significantly higher after L-SG compared with L-RYGB, and a continuous increase in the utilization of PPI was observed after both procedures.
Assessment of Dynamic NMME Models for Meteorological Drought Forecasting in Western Regions of Iran
Authors: Moghasemi Mehdi , Zohrabi Narges , Fathian Hossein , Shahbazi Alireza Nikbakht , Yeganegi Mohammadreza
Published: March 2024

This study assessed the performance of North American multimodel ensemble (NMME) dynamic systems in forecasting meteorological drought within the western and southwestern watersheds of Iran. Without suitable observational data in this region, the global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) precipitation and Climatic Research Unit (CRU) temperature datasets served as the foundation for comparative analysis. The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) was employed for drought evaluation. The findings indicated that longer forecast horizons significantly reduced model accuracy. Furthermore, the assessment of drought predictability based on SPEI revealed that both CanCM3 and CanCM4 models could predict seasonal drought variations, particularly in the northern regions, with a correlation coefficient (CC) exceeding 0.93 at a forecast horizon of 0.5 months. While both models performed similarly at the watershed level in terms of root mean square error (RMSE), the CanCM4 model displayed a higher characteristic stability index (CSI) correlation (above 0.08) than CanCM3 in diagnosing drought. Seasonal variations were evident, with better drought predictions in northern regions during spring and more noticeable model performance differences between northern and southern regions in summer. The evaluation of forecasting capability in both hindcast and forecast periods showed no significant disparity between the models, albeit the CanCM4 model exhibited superior performance in some instances. These results provide valuable insights for water resource planners, enabling more effective decision-making in drought adaptation.
Isolation and Characterization of polygalacturonase producing thermophilic Aspergillus spp. isolated from decayed tomato fruits
Authors: Sinshaw Gebiru , R Jeyaramraja P
Published: March 2024

In this study, a polygalacturonase-producing fungus was isolated from decaying tomatoes. Based on colony morphology and hyphal characteristics, this fungus has been identified as Aspergillus sp. The fungus was used in solid-state fermentation to produce an acidic polygalacturonase enzyme. The crude extract obtained from solid-state fermentation had an activity of 94.6 U/mL. The enzyme was then purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation and column chromatography. Ammonium sulphate precipitation increased the enzyme's specific activity from 6.89 U/mg to 12.42 U/mg. Sephadex G-200 was used to purify the enzyme 3.58 times, and its specific activity was determined to be 24.66 U/mg. The Sephacryl S-100 column was responsible for achieving a final fold purification of 9.93 and a specific activity of 68.41 U/mg. When polygalacturonic acid was used as a substrate, the purified enzyme showed the best performance. The enzyme's optimum temperature and pH were found to be 55°C and 5, respectively. CaCl2 was found to be the best chelating ion for the enzyme. This enzyme is recommended for use in a variety of industrial applications.