bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arsenic removal performance and mechanism from water on iron hydroxide nanopetalines
Authors: Wang Yulong , Zhang Lin , Guo Chen , Gao Yali , Pan Shanshan , Liu Yanhong , Li Xuhui , Wang Yangyang
Published: October 2022

Human health has been seriously endangered by arsenic pollution in drinking water. In this paper, iron hydroxide nanopetalines were synthesized through a precipitation method using KBH4 and their performance and mechanism of As(V) and As(III) removal were investigated. The prepared material was characterized by SEM–EDX, XRD, BET, zeta potential and FTIR analyses. Batch experiments indicated that the iron hydroxide nanopetalines exhibited more excellent performance for As(V) and As(III) removal than ferrihydrite. The adsorption processes were very fast in the first stage, followed a relatively slower adsorption rate and reached equilibria after 24 h, and the reaction could be fitted best by the pseudo-second order model, followed by the Elovich model. The adsorption isotherm data followed to the Freundlich model, and the maximal adsorption capacities of As(V) and As(III) calculated by the Langmuir model were 217.76 and 91.74 mg/g at pH 4.0, respectively, whereas these values were 187.84 and 147.06 mg/g at pH 8.0, respectively. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. The removal efficiencies of As(V) and As(III) were significantly affected by the solution pH and presence of PO43– and citrate. The reusability experiments showed that more than 67% of the removal efficiency of As(V) could be easily recovered after four cycles. The SEM and XRD analyses indicated that the surface morphology and crystal structure before and after arsenic removal were stable. Based on the analyses of FTIR, XRD and XPS, the predominant adsorption mechanism was the formation of inner-sphere surface complexes by the surface hydroxyl exchange reactions of Fe–OH groups with arsenic species. This research provides a new strategy for the development of arsenic immobilization materials and the results confirm that iron hydroxide nanopetalines could be considered as a promising material for removing arsenic from As-contaminated water for their highly efficient performance and stability.
Association of functional competencies with vaccination among older adults: a JAGES cross-sectional study
Authors: Iwai-Saito Kousuke , Sato Koryu , Kondo Katsunori
Published: October 2022

It is unknown whether higher functions in sublevels of competence other than instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) are associated with vaccinations. This study examined whether higher functions, including intellectual activity (IA) and social role (SR), were associated with vaccinations among 26,177 older adults. Older adults with incapable activities in IA and SR had increased risks for non-receipt of influenza vaccinations (IA: for one incapable task/activity: incident rate ratio (IRR) = 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02–1.09; SR: for two incapable tasks: IRR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.08–1.16). Those with incapable activities in IADL and IA had increased risks for non-receipt of pneumococcal vaccination (IADL: for two incapable tasks: IRR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.05–1.23; IA: for two incapable tasks: IRR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.08–1.12). Those with incapable activities in IADL, IA, and SR had increased risks for non-receipt of both of the two vaccinations (IADL: for two incapable tasks: IRR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.03–1.33; IA: for two incapable tasks: IRR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.11–1.25; SR: for two incapable tasks: IRR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.07–1.20). Having a family physician mitigated associations for non-receipt, regardless of competency. Our results suggest—maintaining the higher functions are important for older adults to undergo recommended vaccinations as scheduled; also, having a family physician to promote vaccinations is beneficial even for older adults with limited functions.
Effect of prior Zika and dengue virus exposure on the severity of a subsequent dengue infection in adults
Authors: Valencia Braulio M. , Sigera Ponsuge C. , Weeratunga Praveen , Tedla Nicodemus , Fernando Deepika , Rajapakse Senaka , Lloyd Andrew R. , Rodrigo Chaturaka
Published: October 2022

Given the structural similarity between Zika and dengue viruses, prior infection from one virus is hypothesized to modulate the severity of a subsequent infection from the other virus. A previous paediatric cohort study observed that a prior Zika infection may increase the risk of a subsequent symptomatic or severe dengue infection. The Colombo Dengue study is a prospective hospital-based cohort study in Sri Lanka that recruits symptomatic adult dengue patients within the first three days of fever. Anti-Dengue Envelope and anti-Zika NS1 IgG antibodies were tested by ELISA (Euroimmun, Lubeck, Germany) in all recruited patients. Associations between pre-morbid seroprevalence for either or both infections and adverse clinical outcomes of the current dengue infection were explored. A total of 507 dengue infected patients were assessed of whom 342 (68%) and 132 (26%) patients had anti-dengue IgG and anti-Zika IgG respectively. People with combined prior dengue and zika exposure as well as prior dengue exposure alone, were at increased risk of plasma leakage, compensated and uncompensated shock, and severe dengue (p < 0·05), compared to people without prior exposure to either infection. The effect of prior Zika exposure alone could not be established due to the small the number of primary dengue infections with prior Zika exposure.
Rapid differentiation of hiPSCs into functional oligodendrocytes using an OLIG2 synthetic modified messenger RNA
Authors: Xu Jian , Yang Zhihua , Wang Rui , He Fumei , Yan Rong , Zhang Yidi , Yu Liying , Deng Wenbin , Nie Yichu
Published: October 2022

Transcription factors (TFs) have been introduced to drive the highly efficient differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into lineage-specific oligodendrocytes (OLs). However, effective strategies currently rely mainly on genome-integrating viruses. Here we show that a synthetic modified messenger RNA (smRNA)-based reprogramming method that leads to the generation of transgene-free OLs has been developed. An smRNA encoding a modified form of OLIG2, in which the serine 147 phosphorylation site is replaced with alanine, OLIG2S147A, is designed to reprogram hiPSCs into OLs. We demonstrate that repeated administration of the smRNA encoding OLIG2S147A lead to higher and more stable protein expression. Using the single-mutant OLIG2 smRNA morphogen, we establish a 6-day smRNA transfection protocol, and glial induction lead to rapid NG2+ OL progenitor cell (OPC) generation (>70% purity) from hiPSC. The smRNA-induced NG2+ OPCs can mature into functional OLs in vitro and promote remyelination in vivo. Taken together, we present a safe and efficient smRNA-driven strategy for hiPSC differentiation into OLs, which may be utilized for therapeutic OPC/OL transplantation in patients with neurodegenerative disease.
Binary combinatorial scanning reveals potent poly-alanine-substituted inhibitors of protein-protein interactions
Authors: Ye Xiyun , Lee Yen-Chun , Gates Zachary P. , Ling Yingjie , Mortensen Jennifer C. , Yang Fan-Shen , Lin Yu-Shan , Pentelute Bradley L.
Published: October 2022

Establishing structure–activity relationships is crucial to understand and optimize the activity of peptide-based inhibitors of protein–protein interactions. Single alanine substitutions provide limited information on the residues that tolerate simultaneous modifications with retention of biological activity. To guide optimization of peptide binders, we use combinatorial peptide libraries of over 4,000 variants—in which each position is varied with either the wild-type residue or alanine—with a label-free affinity selection platform to study protein–ligand interactions. Applying this platform to a peptide binder to the oncogenic protein MDM2, several multi-alanine-substituted analogs with picomolar binding affinity were discovered. We reveal a non-additive substitution pattern in the selected sequences. The alanine substitution tolerances for peptide ligands of the 12ca5 antibody and 14-3-3 regulatory protein are also characterized, demonstrating the general applicability of this new platform. We envision that binary combinatorial alanine scanning will be a powerful tool for investigating structure–activity relationships.
Recent Approaches in Alginate-based Carriers for Delivery of Therapeutics and Biomedicine
Authors: Alpizar-Reyes Erik , Román-Guerrero Angélica , Cortés-Camargo Stefani , Karina Velázquez-Gutiérrez Sandra , Pérez-Alonso César
Published: October 2022

One of the most extensively studied polysaccharides is alginate extracted from brown seaweed. These types of natural polysaccharides are found throughout the world. Over the years, studies have shown that alginates are bioactive compounds with anticancer properties, lower blood pressure, reduce cholesterol levels, prevent diabetes, and absorb heavy metals in the body. Since the 20th century, alginates have been used in different areas of industry, among which stand out the chemical, environmental, biofuel, biomass, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. This chapter describes the chemical structure of alginate polysaccharide and its main chemical characteristics. Subsequently, the main technologies used to extract sodium alginate are analyzed, and a full discussion of the functional properties and the formulation of colloidal systems employing alginate are included to show its functionality. Finally, the most recent advances on the role played by alginate as a carrier in the delivery of therapeutics, delivery drugs, and biomedical applications are described.
Hyaluronic Acid in Drug Delivery
Authors: Maghsoudnia Niloufar , Eftekhari Reza Baradaran , Roshandel Marjan , Ahmadi Mohammadjavad , Edalat Maryam , Hajimolaali Mohammad , Milani Shahriar , Shal Mostafa Khalife , Dorkoosh Farid Abedin
Published: October 2022

Hyaluronic acid (HA), a natural biodegradable and biocompatible polymer fabricated in the human body has attracted considerable attention from scientists in recent years. HA is a nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan and a major component of the extracellular matrix. The unique properties of HA and its wide range of molecular weight have resulted in this polymer being formulated and used in diverse biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems. HA can play an essential role as a carrier for delivery and controlled release of different bio and chemical molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and anti-tumor drugs in various routes. It can also be used as a targeting agent in modified delivery systems as its main receptor (CD44) is highly expressed in many types of cancers. Many research studies have exhibited the potential of HA in further targeted chemotherapy, gene therapy, and immunotherapy applications. This chapter discusses the main characteristics of HA and its distinctive applications in drug/gene delivery and imaging systems.
Metal sulfide nanoparticle-based dual barcode-triggered DNAzyme cascade for multiplex miRNA detection in a single assay
Authors: Wang Jiao , Wen Liyuan , Cao Ruyuan , Gao Xiaorong , Li Xia , Xu Ensheng , Zhang Qi , Xu Shuling , Dai Caifeng , Xue Qingwang
Published: October 2022

A metal sulfide nanoparticles-based dual bar-codes triggered DNAzyme cascade strategy was developed for sensitive and simultaneous multiplex miRNA detection in a single assay.
Design, synthesis and immunological evaluation of monophosphoryl lipid A derivatives as adjuvants for a RBD-hFc based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine
Authors: Su Shiwei , Chen Liqing , Yang Menglan , Liang Dan , Ke Bixia , Liu Zhongqiu , Ke Changwen , Liao Guochao , Liu Liang , Luo Xiang
Published: October 2022

MPLA derivatives are expected to be a promising platform for the development of new adjuvants used for a RBD-hFc based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
Bismuth–nickel bimetal nanosheets with a porous structure for efficient hydrogen production in neutral and alkaline media
Authors: Yu Xueping , Qu Li , Lee Carmen , Peng Juan , Yan Qingyu , Bai Hongcun , Yao Min
Published: October 2022

A Bi–Ni bimetal nanosheet with mesoporous structure is preparedviaa self-template electrochemicalin situmethod. The alloying effect between Bi and Ni regulated the electronic structure, thus improving the intrinsic activity of Bi–Ni catalyst.
Thermally stimulated cascade reaction polymer membranes: a promising strategy for an increased hydrogen and propylene purification performance
Authors: Meis David , Neumann Silvio , Shishatskiy Sergey , Meis Ulrike , Filiz Volkan
Published: October 2022

A thermally stimulated cascade of reactions in solid-state of tailored polyimides was developed with the aim of lowering the target temperature for the final reaction step towards a polybenzoxazole and improvement of the gas separation performance.
Porous dendritic BiSn electrocatalysts for hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Piao Guangxia , Yoon Sun Hee , Cha Hyun Gil , Han Dong Suk , Park Hyunwoong
Published: October 2022

A highly efficient, porous dendritic BiSn electrocatalyst is developed for mass conversion of HMF to BHMF.
Thin film nanocomposite membranes of superglassy PIM-1 and amine-functionalised 2D fillers for gas separation
Authors: Almansour Faiz , Alberto Monica , Foster Andrew B. , Mohsenpour Sajjad , Budd Peter M. , Gorgojo Patricia
Published: October 2022

Nanosheets of reduced holey graphene oxide functionalised with amines may be used to tailor the long-term gas permeation performance of a polymer of intrinsic microporosity.
A novel technique using chronic infusion of small extracellular vesicles from gestational diabetes mellitus causes glucose intolerance in pregnant mice
Authors: James-Allan Laura B , Rosario Frederick J , Madi Lana , Barner Kelsey , Nair Soumyalekshmi , Lai Andrew , Carrion Flavio , Powell Theresa L , Salomon Carlos , Jansson Thomas
Published: October 2022

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play a central role in cell-to-cell communication in normal physiology and in disease, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that chronic administration of sEVs isolated from GDM causes glucose intolerance in healthy pregnant mice. Small EVs were isolated from plasma between 24 and 28 weeks gestation from healthy pregnant women (controls) and GDM, and infused intravenously for 4 days in late pregnant mice using a mini-osmotic pump. Subsequently in vivo glucose tolerance was assessed, and muscle and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity and islet glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) were determined in vitro. Mice infused with sEVs from GDM developed glucose intolerance. Administration of sEVs from controls, but not sEVs from GDM women, stimulated islet GSIS and increased fasting insulin levels in pregnant mice. Neither infusion of sEVs from controls nor from GDM women affected muscle insulin sensitivity, placental insulin or mTOR signaling, placental and fetal weight. Moreover, these results were not associated with immunomodulatory effects as human sEVs did not activate mouse T cells in vitro. We suggest that circulating sEVs regulate maternal glucose homeostasis in pregnancy and may contribute to the attenuated islet insulin secretion and more pronounced glucose intolerance in GDM as compared with healthy pregnancy.
Multifrequency Narrowband Chirp Evoked Cervical Vestibular Myogenic Potentials: Evaluation of Responses in Normal-Hearing Young Adults
Authors: Lodha Vidhi , Neupane Anuj Kumar
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

The study aimed to explore the various parameters of multifrequency narrowband Claus Elberling chirp (NB CE-chirp) evoked cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) in normal-hearing healthy young adults. The study also attempted to define the optimal frequency tuning characteristic of NB CE-chirp evoked cVEMPs.

Method:

cVEMP was performed on 26 young healthy adults using four different NB CE-chirps centered at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz. The neck torsion method was applied for electrode placement. To have the acute recording, visual feedback of sternocleidomastoid muscle contraction was provided, and electromyography (EMG) scaling was done.

Results:

cVEMPs were present for 100% across all frequencies except at 4000 Hz. Amplitudes between each pair of frequencies were significantly different for EMG scaled and unscaled conditions. Frequency tuning was observed at 500 Hz regardless of scaling done. Positive peak 1 of cVEMP (P1) latencies showed no differences between frequencies while both negative peak 1 of cVEMP and the complex of positive peak 1 and negative peak 1 of cVEMP (P1N1) interpeak latency values decreased with increasing frequency. Interaural amplitude asymmetry ratio showed no difference between scaled and unscaled amplitudes. Intraclass correlation revealed a range of test–retest reliability across frequencies. EMG unscaled amplitude were having relatively lower test–retest reliability consistently across frequencies

Conclusions:

Differences in amplitudes between frequencies with a maximum at 500 Hz can be attributed to the low frequency centered saccular response. No differences in P1 were observed. Yet, N1 latency and P1N1 interpeak latency difference gradually shortened with the decrement in the stimulus duration as the stimulation frequency increased. The lower reliability of EMG unscaled amplitude across frequencies supports the need to use EMG scaling to avoid confounding variables related to muscle contraction.
Stochastic scheduling of energy storage systems in harmonic polluted active distribution networks
Authors: Ebrahimi Hasan , Rezaeian‐Marjani Saeed , Farhadi‐Kangarlu Mohammad , Galvani Sadjad
Published: October 2022

Harmonics originating from non‐linear loads in distribution systems will cause undesired effects and malfunctions of equipment. It is important to use efficient techniques for eliminating the voltage and current harmonic components. However, the uncertain nature of the active distribution networks (ADN) makes it difficult to apply these techniques, efficiently. Renewable energy sources (RESs), such as wind turbines (WTs) besides load fluctuations are the most important uncertainty sources. This study employs energy storage systems (ESS) to reduce total harmonic distortion (THD) as well as the ADN operating costs. In addition to the ESS, network structure reconfiguration and reactive power scheduling is presented for a more efficient operation of ADN. Also, the uncertainty of the network is modelled by the K‐means and LHS methods. This methodology is conducted under a multi‐objective optimization problem, which is handled by a multi‐objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm. Furthermore, a technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) approach is applied to obtain the best compromise between two objectives. The efficacy of the proposed methodology is investigated in the IEEE 33 bus test system. Also, for validating the results, a large‐scale network, the IEEE 118 bus test system is surveyed, too.
An image layered scrambling encryption algorithm based on a novel discrete chaotic map
Authors: Tang Jianeng , Zhang Zezong , Chen Peiyang , Zhang Feng , Ni Hui , Huang Zhongming
Published: October 2022

At present, the image encryption algorithm based on the bit‐plane has the problem that the encryption speed and the encryption effect cannot be well balanced. To address the problem, an image layered scrambling encryption algorithm is proposed in this paper. First, a new one‐dimensional Cosine Logistic compound chaotic map (1DCLC) is proposed. Several characteristics of the new chaotic map are analyzed by using various measures, such as bifurcation diagram, Lyapunov exponent, sample entropy etc. And the results show that the novel chaotic map has a better chaotic performance. Second, based on the chaotic map, an image encryption algorithm is proposed. The algorithm first performs an XOR encryption operation on the image. Second, the layered scrambling is applied to the XOR encrypted image. Then the layered and scrambled image is recombined for the second XOR encryption operation. In particular, in the layered scrambling, not only can the position of the pixel be changed but also the value of the pixel can be modified, which improves the security of the algorithm. In addition, in order to defend against various plaintext attacks and increase the security of the overall algorithm, the Hash function is introduced to update the key of the proposed algorithm. Finally, the original algorithm is improved and the improved algorithm's ability to resist differential attacks is analyzed. The experimental simulation and security test results show that the proposed encryption algorithm has a comparable encryption effect and a faster encryption speed.
A transfer learning‐based system for grading breast invasive ductal carcinoma
Authors: Sujatha Radhakrishnan , Chatterjee Jyotir Moy , Angelopoulou Anastassia , Kapetanios Epaminondas , Srinivasu Parvathaneni Naga , Hemanth Duraisamy Jude
Published: October 2022

Breast carcinoma is a sort of malignancy that begins in the breast. Breast malignancy cells generally structure a tumour that can routinely be seen on an x‐ray or felt like a lump. Despite advances in screening, treatment, and observation that have improved patient endurance rates, breast carcinoma is the most regularly analyzed malignant growth and the subsequent driving reason for malignancy mortality among ladies. Invasive ductal carcinoma is the most boundless breast malignant growth with about 80% of all analyzed cases. It has been found from numerous types of research that artificial intelligence has tremendous capabilities, which is why it is used in various sectors, especially in the healthcare domain. In the initial phase of the medical field, mammography is used for diagnosis, and finding cancer in the case of a dense breast is challenging. The evolution of deep learning and applying the same in the findings are helpful for earlier tracking and medication. The authors have tried to utilize the deep learning concepts for grading breast invasive ductal carcinoma using Transfer Learning in the present work. The authors have used five transfer learning approaches here, namely VGG16, VGG19, InceptionReNetV2, DenseNet121, and DenseNet201 with 50 epochs in the Google Colab platform which has a single 12GB NVIDIA Tesla K80 graphical processing unit (GPU) support that can be used up to 12 h continuously. The dataset used for this work can be openly accessed from http://databiox.com. The experimental results that the authors have received regarding the algorithm's accuracy are as follows: VGG16 with 92.5%, VGG19 with 89.77%, InceptionReNetV2 with 84.46%, DenseNet121 with 92.64%, DenseNet201 with 85.22%. From the experimental results, it is clear that the DenseNet121 gives the maximum accuracy in terms of cancer grading, whereas the InceptionReNetV2 has minimal accuracy.
Trajectory reconstruction for mixed traffic flow with regular, connected, and connected automated vehicles on freeway
Authors: Yao Zhihong , Liu Meng , Jiang Yangsheng , Tang Youhua , Ran Bin
Published: October 2022

Vehicular trajectory data collected by connected automated vehicles (CAVs) is minimal due to the low penetration rates (PRs) of CAVs, and fail to capture the characteristics of traffic flow. This study proposes a fully sampled trajectory reconstruction method for mixed traffic flow with regular vehicles (RVs), connected vehicles (CVs), and CAVs based on car‐following behaviour. Firstly, considering the minimum safety distance constraints between vehicles, an optimization model for minimizing the impact on the acceleration of the known vehicles is developed to obtain the number of inserted RVs. Secondly, the speed of the inserted RVs is estimated based on the traffic flow model. Then, an optimization model is proposed to determine the position of each inserted RV. Finally, numerical simulation is designed to investigate the influence of traffic density and PRs of CAVs and CVs. Results show that the proposed method can better reconstruct the vehicle trajectory on the freeway under the different traffic densities in a congested state. The MAPE of the number and position of inserted RVs is less than 10.7% and 0.37%, respectively. In addition, the proposed method performs well even if the PRs of CAVs and CVs are extremely low.
Evidence of a signature of planet formation processes from solar neutrino fluxes
Authors: Kunitomo Masanobu , Guillot Tristan , Buldgen Gaël
Published: October 2022

Solar evolutionary models are thus far unable to reproduce spectroscopic, helioseismic, and neutrino constraints consistently, resulting in the so-called solar modeling problem. In parallel, planet formation models predict that the evolving composition of the protosolar disk and, thus, of the gas accreted by the proto-Sun must have been variable. We show that solar evolutionary models that include a realistic planet formation scenario lead to an increased core metallicity of up to 5%, implying that accurate neutrino flux measurements are sensitive to the initial stages of the formation of the Solar System. Models with homogeneous accretion match neutrino constraints to no better than 2.7σ. In contrast, accretion with a variable composition due to planet formation processes, leading to metal-poor accretion of the last ∼4% of the young Sun’s total mass, yields solar models within 1.3σ of all neutrino constraints. We thus demonstrate that in addition to increased opacities at the base of the convective envelope, the formation history of the Solar System constitutes a key element in resolving the current crisis of solar models.
New biostratigraphy and microfacies analysis of Eocene Jahrum Formation (Shahrekord region, High Zagros, West Iran). A carbonate platform within the Neo-Tethys oceanic realm
Authors: Babazadeh Seyed Ahmad , Cluzel Dominique
Published: October 2022

The Eocene Jahrum Formation in High Zagros was studied in Kuh-e- Soukhteh and North Gahrou sections (southwest of Shahrekord region, Chahar-mahal Bakhtiari Province). This formation, composed of limestone, marl, and dolomitic limestone (dolostone), accumulated on a marine platform within the Neo-Tethys ocean realm. It yields a rich foraminiferal fauna, in which three larger benthic foraminiferal assemblage zones were identified. Two assemblage zones in the North Gahrou section were correlated to the Ypresian and Bartonian, and one assemblage zone is represented in the Kuh-e- Soukhteh section and assigned to the Bartonian. In addition, three other groups of benthic foraminiferal associations have been identified based on test wall type (porcellaneous, agglutinate, hyaline) and paleogeographical significance. A discontinuity marked by a hiatus from Cuisian to Lutetian in the North Gahrou section was most probably due to a concealed fault. According to microscopic textures and distribution of benthic foraminifera and other components (peloids, intraclasts, etc.), a gentle depth gradient from the inner ramp to the proximal outer ramp may be reconstructed.
The geological-event reference system, a step towards geological data harmonization
Authors: Le Bayon Benjamin , Padel Maxime , Baudin Thierry , Cagnard Florence , Issautier Benoit , Tissoux Hélène , Prognon Caroline , Plunder Alexis , Grataloup Sandrine , Lacquement Fréderic , Hertout Aurore , Stephan-Perrey Juliette
Published: October 2022

The temporal dimension is an inherent component of geology. In this regard, traditional geological maps can represent a few geological events, yet they hardly account for the entire complex rock history whether sedimentary, crystalline or volcanic. Here, using the RGF research program (French Geological Reference platform) we propose a new methodology based on digital technology and the French historical collection of 1:50 000-scale geological maps. This innovative approach consists of describing, organizing and hierarchizing a series of geological events within a reference framework and linking it to GIS map geometries (polygons, faults, points). In this way, the complete history of geological features can be compiled and stored in digital maps, combining distinct geological events and properties. For a single event, all associated transformations can be represented on maps, facilitating the production of real “palaeo-geological” maps that consider not only traditional sedimentary environments but also possible synchronous weathering, metamorphism, and volcanism. We discuss here an example of French orogenic history. The approach demonstrated here on geological maps can be used with other geological data media (boreholes, seismic reflection profiles, etc.) and thus facilitate a 3D-to-4D scale, with a significant ability to address not only academic community needs, but also themes or issues related to applications required by politics, civil engineering, and society itself, to confront challenges such as natural and anthropic risk reduction and subsurface uses.
A Study of English Vocabulary Translation Based on Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Internet Database
Authors: Zhu Dongmei
Published: October 2022

In the process of English vocabulary translation, translators make full use of the advantages of electronic means such as CNKI translation assistant, online corpus of COCA, etc., a systematic, automatic and manual quantitative and qualitative analysis of the target English vocabulary is carried out to obtain accurate and accurate translation results. Therefore, the method of quantitative and qualitative analysis based on internet database and corpus can help translators solve the problem of English vocabulary translation and improve the quality of English vocabulary translation. Based on the characteristics of English vocabulary translation and the TECHNIQOF quantitative and qualitative analysis in internet database, the strategies of English vocabulary translation are put forward.
Research on Information Construction of College Student Management under the Background of Internet
Authors: Li Bing
Published: October 2022

Guiding and promoting students' all-round growth is not only the essential pursuit of the innovation of college students' management, but also the basic aim of the information construction of college students' management. In the context of "Internet plus", the management of college students should be based on the needs of school-based management and the needs of teachers and students, from the aspects of digital learning, online courses and educational management information, and by exploring the information-based construction mechanism suitable for university student management, we can ensure that students fully adapt to the new internet background, forming a high-quality education system.
An Analysis of the Bi-modal Size Distribution of the Coarse Droplets in a Steam Turbine
Authors: Bartoš Ondřej , Huněk Adam , Pavlíček Petr
Published: October 2022

The atomization of liquid is a widely studied problem in the field of aerosol research. Over the past year, research at CTU has focused on the formation of coarse droplets in a wind tunnel which simulates the conditions present in a steam turbine. An analysis of the droplets formed in the wind tunnel indicates, for the majority of the measurements, the bi-modal droplets size distribution. The aim of this paper is to suggest a simplified explanation of this bi-modal distribution. The CFD simulation of the flow in the vicinity of the liquid film break up was used to determine the relative velocity between the formed droplet and the bulk flow. The preliminary explanation of the bi-modal distribution is based on the first droplets mode corelating with the formation in the bulk flow and the second mode correlating with the droplets formed in the blade’s wake.
Effects of heat treatment on mechanical, electrical properties and curtailment of electromigration in Sn-Ag3.0-Cu0.5soldering based alloys
Authors: Fawad Muhammad , Sadiq Muhammad , Nawaz Ahmad , Arif Muhammad , Bibi Saira , Islam Bilal , Ahmad Shahid Nisar , Noor Sahar , Hussain Iftikhar
Published: October 2022

Sn-Ag3.0-Cu0.5samples were initially prepared by melt mixing in induction furnace which were also re-melted and re-solidified. Afterwards, four Sn-Ag3.0-Cu0.5specimens were additionally heat treated at 40, 60, 80 and 100 °C respectively for limited time span of 6 h. The Sn-Ag3.0-Cu0.5specimens revealed 1.03, 1.10, 1.15 and 1.13 times improvement in hardness values relative to untreated or reference specimen. Similarly, ultimate tensile strength exhibited 1.08, 1.18, 1.25 and 1.21 correspondingly when compared with reference specimen. X-ray diffraction pattern further justified Sn-Ag3.0-Cu0.5alloy and negated appearance of any new phase after heat treatment. Average crystallite sizes were also reduced to 1.06, 1.10, 1.42 and 1.09 folds after heat treatment at 40, 60, 80 and 100 °C for 6 h. Similarly, both phases (β-Sn and intermetallic compounds) also evidenced decrement in their crystallite sizes in comparison to reference specimen. Moreover, resistivity also depicted increase of 1.13, 1.24, 1.32 and 1.25 times accordingly. Hence, our results show that the SAC-305 samples treated at 80 °C for 6 h may prove effective in countering electromigration problems by minimizing tensile strain gradients as well as current densities. Hence the SAC-305 specimen treated at 80 °C for 6 h may be recommended as potential candidate in solder applications.
Chirurgische Umwandlung von Arealpunktion in Strickleiterpunktion
Authors: Krönung Gerhard
Published: October 2022

Plastisch-gefäßchirurgische Techniken und die Vielfachpunktion können einzeln oder kombiniert zur plastischen Verbesserung und Korrektur des Punktionssegments der Shuntvene eingesetzt werden. Die Vielfachpunktion braucht dabei ein langfristiges Konzept, das substratbezogen relativ einfach beschreibbar ist, in der Umsetzung aber eher komplexe gruppendynamische Prozesse erfordert.
Der Scribner-Shunt oder „eine Kurzschlusshandlung“
Authors: Sander Ullrich
Published: October 2022

1960 wurde Clyde Shields als erster Patient mit einem chronischen Nierenversagen an ein Dialysegerät angeschlossen. Möglich wurde dies durch die bahnbrechende, revolutionäre Erfindung von Belding H. Scribner (geboren 18.01.1921 in Chicago (Illinois, USA), gestorben 19.06.2003).
Interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit in der Dialyse
Authors: Venzin Christina
Published: October 2022

Die Zentrumshämodialyse ist ein Paradebeispiel für etablierte Interprofessionalität zwischen Fachpflegenden und Fachärzt*innen. Diese Studie quantifiziert die interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit (IPZ) in diesem Setting und vergleicht sie mit anderen Fachbereichen der Inneren Medizin. Zudem identifiziert sie Faktoren, welche die Interprofessionalität im Bereich Hämodialyse begünstigen: Die hohe Komplexität medizinischer und psychosozialer Faktoren auf Seite der Patient*innen kann besser durch die Zusammenarbeit von 2 Berufsgruppen bewältigt werden. Auf Organisationsseite führt der intensivere Kontakt der Pflegenden mit den Patient*innen zu einem Wissensvorsprung gegenüber der Ärzteschaft, was das übliche Gefälle zwischen den beiden Berufsgruppen abschwächt. Die Leistungen beider Berufsgruppen werden dann pauschal pro Dialyse vergütet, was einer Anerkennung von IPZ auf Systemebene entspricht. Begünstigend wirken sich auch die Erfüllung psychologischer Grundbedürfnisse am Arbeitsplatz in diesem Setting aus.
Lebensqualität von geriatrischen Patienten*innen mit Peritonealdialyse
Authors: Horvath Oliver , Obereder Sylvia , Ruppert Sabine
Published: October 2022

Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit der Auswirkung der Peritonealdialyse bei geriatrischen Patienten*innen auf deren Lebensqualität. Studienergebnisse zeigen signifikante Unterschiede in Bezug auf die allgemeine Zufriedenheit der Patient*innen, den kognitiven Status und der sexuellen Funktion. Die Patient*innen erleiden weit weniger Symptome und weisen eine höhere Zufriedenheit mit der Behandlung auf. Weiterhin stellt die Peritonealdialyse für die Betroffenen eine weit weniger aggressive Behandlungsform dar. Die Art der jeweiligen Nierenersatztherapie sollte immer unter Berücksichtigung der Lebensqualität der Patient*innen gewählt werden.
Tag der Organspende am 04.06.2022 in Mainz
Authors: Döblitz Ralf
Published: October 2022

Das Motto in diesem Jahr war „Zeit, Zeichen zu setzen“. Der Arbeitskreis Transplantationspflege e. V. (AKTX-Pflege) hatte die Ehre, hier Teilnehmer zu sein. Nach 2 Jahren Pandemie konnte die zentrale Veranstaltung erstmals wieder vor Ort stattfinden.
Towards understanding the characteristics of successful and unsuccessful collaborations: a case-based team science study
Authors: Love Hannah B. , Fosdick Bailey K. , Cross Jennifer E. , Suter Meghan , Egan Dinaida , Tofany Elizabeth , Fisher Ellen R.
Published: October 2022

Scientific breakthroughs for complex, large-scale problems require a combination of contributory expertize, disciplinary expertize, and interactional expertize, or socialized knowledge. There is, however, little formal recognition of what expertize is important for team success, and how to evaluate different types of contributions. This is problematic for the field of the Science of Team Sciences (SciTS). Funding is increasing for team science globally, but how do we know if teams are collaborating in meaningful ways to meet their goals? Many studies use bibliometric and citation data to understand team development and success; nevertheless, this type of data does not provide timely metrics about collaboration. This study asks: Can we determine if a team is collaborating and working together in meaningful ways in a process evaluation to achieve their goals and be successful in an outcome evaluation, and if so, how? This exploratory longitudinal, mixed-methods, case-based study, reports on eight interdisciplinary scientific teams that were studied from 2015–2017. The study used six different methods of data collection: a social network analysis at three-time points, participant observation, interviews, focus groups, turn-taking data during team meetings, and outcome metrics (publications, award dollars, etc.). After collecting and analyzing the data, a Kendall Rank Correlation was used to examine which development and process metrics correlated with traditional outcome metrics: publications, proposals submitted, and awards received. Five major implications, practical applications, and outputs arise from this case-based study: (1) Practicing even turn-taking is essential to team success. (2) The proportion of women on the team impacts the outcomes of the team. (3) Further evidence that successful team science is not about picking the right people, but on how to build the right team for success. (4) This article presents process metrics to increase understanding of successful and unsuccessful teams. (5) Teams need to engage in practices that build relationships for knowledge integration. This case-based study represents an early step to more effectively communicate how teams form and produce successful outcomes and increase their capacity for knowledge integration. The results contribute to the knowledge bank of integration and implementation by providing additional evidence about evaluation for scientific teams, including the know-how related to everyday interactions that lead to goal attainment. This study provides further evidence that to create new knowledge, scientific teams need both contributory and interactional expertize.
Empirical evidence of the impact of mobility on property crimes during the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Paramasivan Kandaswamy , Subburaj Rahul , Jaiswal Saish , Sudarsanam Nandan
Published: October 2022

This paper seeks to evaluate the impact of the removal of restrictions (partial and complete) imposed during COVID-19-induced lockdowns on property offences such as robbery, burglary, and theft during the milder wave one and the more severe wave two of the pandemic in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Using 10-year data of the daily counts of crimes, the authors adopt an auto-regressive neural networks method to make counterfactual predictions of crimes, representing a scenario without the pandemic-induced lockdowns. The difference between the actual and forecast is the causal impact of the lockdown in all phases. Further, the research uses Google Mobility Community Reports to measure mobility. The analysis has been done at two levels: first, for the state of Tamil Nadu, which has a sizeable rural landscape, and second for Chennai, the largest metropolitan city with an urban populace. During the pandemic-induced lockdown in wave one, there was a steep decline in the incidence of property offences. On removing restrictions, the cases soared above the counterfactual predicted counts. In wave two, despite the higher severity and fatality in the COVID-19 pandemic, a similar trend of fall and rise in property cases was observed. However, the drop in mobility was less substantial, and the increase in the magnitude of property offences was more significant in wave two than in wave one. The overall trend of fluctuations is related to mobility during various phases of restrictions in the pandemic. When most curbs were removed, there was a surge in robberies in Tamil Nadu and Chennai after adjusting for mobility. This trend highlights the effective increase in crime due to pandemic-related economic and social consequences. Further, the research enables law enforcement to strengthen preventive crime work in similar situations, when most curbs are removed after a pandemic or other unanticipated scenarios.
Rare earth Y doping induced lattice strain of mesoporous PtPd nanospheres for alkaline oxygen reduction electrocatalysis
Authors: Wang Hongjing , Ren Hang , Liu Songliang , Deng Kai , Yu Hongjie , Wang Xin , Xu You , Wang Ziqiang , Wang Liang
Published: October 2022

The synthesis of catalysts with controllable morphology and composition is important to enhance the catalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, trimetallic PtPdY mesoporous nanospheres (PtPdY MNs) are produced via a one-step chemical reduction method applying F127 as soft temple under acidic condition. The mesoporous structure provides a large contact area and also stimulates the diffusion and mass transfer of reactants and products. Besides, synergistic effect among Pt, Pd and Y elements effectively alters their electronic structure, enhancing the catalytic activity. Therefore, the PtPdY MNs show excellent ORR permanence to Pt/C under the alkaline solution. This study offers an effective channel for the preparation of mesoporous metals with rare earth metal doping towards promising electrocatalytic applications.
Characterization of a miniaturized scintillator detector for time-resolved treatment monitoring in HDR-brachytherapy
Authors: Gonod Mathieu , Suarez Miguel Angel , Chacon Avila Carlos , Karakhanyan Vage , Eustache Clément , Crouzilles Julien , Laskri Samir , Vinchant Jean-François , Aubignac Léone , Grosjean Thierry
Published: October 2022

Purpose. HDR brachytherapy combines steep dose gradients in space and time, thereby requiring detectors of high spatial and temporal resolution to perform accurate treatment monitoring. We demonstrate a miniaturized fiber-integrated scintillator detector (MSD) of unmatched compactness which fulfills these conditions. Methods. The MSD consists of a 0.28 mm large and 0.43 mm long detection cell (Gd2O2S:Tb) coupled to a 110 micron outer diameter silica optical fiber. The fiber probe is tested in a phantom using a MicroSelectron 9.1 Ci Ir-192 HDR afterloader. The detection signal is acquired at a rate of 0.08 s with a standard sCMOS camera coupled to a chromatic filter (to cancel spurious Cerenkov signal). The dwell position and time monitoring are analyzed over prostate treatment sequences with dwell times spanning from 0.1 to 11 s. The dose rate at the probe position is both evaluated from a direct measurement and by reconstruction from the measured dwell position using the AAPM TG-43 formalism. Results. A total number of 1384 dwell positions are analyzed. In average, the measured dwell positions differ by 0.023 ± 0.077 mm from planned values over a 6–54 mm source-probe distance range. The standard deviation of the measured dwell positions is below 0.8 mm. 94% of the 966 dwell positions occurring at a source-probe inter-catheter spacing below 20 mm are successfully identified, with a 100% detection rate for dwell times exceeding 0.5 s. The average deviation to the planned dwell times is of 0.005 ± 0.060 s. The instant dose retrieval from dwell position monitoring leads to a relative mismatch to planned values of 0.14% ± 0.7%. Conclusion. A miniaturized Gd2O2S:Tb detector coupled to a standard sCMOS camera can be used for time-resolved treatment monitoring in HDR Brachytherapy.
Dynamic guidance performance of HTS bulk under varying external magnetic field
Authors: Huang Zhichuan , Hong Ye , Ke Zhihao , Liu Jianxin , Deng Zigang
Published: October 2022

With the unique flux pinning characteristics, high temperature superconducting (HTS) bulk can stably levitate above the permanent magnet guideway (PMG). Moreover, owing to its advantages of environmental protection, frictionless and pollution-free, the HTS maglev has shown significant potential in high-speed rail transit. At present, HTS maglev technology is at a critical moment from laboratory research to engineering application. Among the numerous parameters related to its engineering application, the curve negotiation ability determined by the guidance performance of the HTS bulk superconductors is crucial to the safety and stability of its operation. Thus, in this paper, we experimentally investigated the dynamic guidance force of the HTS bulks under different operational conditions including different rotational speeds, maximum lateral displacement (MLD), field cooling height (FCH), and working height (WH) based on a customized HTS maglev dynamic measurement system (SCML-03). In addition, the dynamic guidance force of HTS bulk under long-time operation was studied. It is concluded that FCH, WH, and MLD are intimately associated with the dynamic guidance performance of the HTS bulk, while the rotational speed of the circular PMG has little influence on it. Namely, to improve the dynamic guidance performance of the HTS bulk, reducing the FCH and increasing the WH properly can be regarded as an effective method. Eventually, this research also verifies the long-term lateral stability of the HTS maglev system during dynamic operation.
Simple design of metamaterial sensor for biomedical sensing
Authors: Anwar Shahzad , Khan Maaz
Published: October 2022

Design a highly sensitive refractive index (RI) sensor based on perfect metamaterial absorber (PMA) in the terahertz region is reported. The design structure is formed of metal dielectric metal layered. The results of simulation show that the absorber has two resonance peaks with absorption rates 99.6% and 99.7%. The physical origin of the two band absorber is investigated by near-field distribution. The proposed design sensing performance determined by two important parameters, sensitivity (S) and figure of merit (FOM). In this work, the sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) can reach 0.86 THz/RIU and 61.8 which is much higher than the previous work in terahertz region. The design RI sensor can be fitted for biomedical sensing applications such cancerous cell detection as the RI varied in the range of 1.35 to 1.402.