bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defects‐Abundant Ga2O3 Nanobricks Enabled Multifunctional Solid Polymer Electrolyte for Superior Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Huixue , Xu Xijun , Li Fangkun , Zhao Jingwei , Ji Shaomin , Liu Jun , Huo Yanping
Published: February 2023

Polyethylene oxide (PEO)‐based polymer electrolytes with good flexibility and viscoelasticity, low interfacial resistance, and fabricating cost have caught worldwide attention, but their practical application is still hampered by the instability at high voltages and the low ionic conductivity (10−8 to 10−6 S cm−1). Herein, we rationally designed defects‐abundant Ga2O3 nanobricks as multifunctional fillers and constructed a PEO‐based organic‐inorganic electrolyte for lithium metal batteries. Due to the abundant O‐defects feature of Ga2O3 filler, this PEO‐based composite electrolyte not only broadens electrochemical stability window (over 5.3 V versus Li/Li+) but also in situ forms a Li–Ga alloy and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film during the cycling process causing a rapid diffusion of Li+ ions. The as‐prepared electrolyte has good interface compatibility with Li metal (without short‐circuiting over 500 h at 0.2 mA cm−2) and possesses superior high ionic conductivity. The assembled all‐solid‐state LiFePO4//Li cells attained an excellent cycling performance of 146 mAh g−1 over 100 cycles at 0.5 C. The XPS analysis reveals that Ga2O3 nanobricks can form in situ a Li−Ga alloy layer at the polymer/anode interface. This work shed a light on designing high ionic conductivity lithium alloys in the composite electrolyte, which can improve the electrochemical properties of PEO‐based polymer electrolytes.
Adaptive leaf abnormality segmentation and improved plant disease classification by tuned long short‐term memory with recurrent neural network
Authors: Y. Mallikarjuna Rao , Rao Munagala Surya Bhupal , Veeresh P. , Reddy Y. Narasimha , Raghavendra M. M.
Published: February 2023

The conventional models suffer in providing significant accuracy and detection speed, especially in detecting apple diseases, to assure the healthy development of the apple industry. The main aspect of the proposed scheme is to present a new plant disease classification using intelligent segmentation and classification models. The adaptive leaf abnormality segmentation is enhanced by the solution index‐based Jaya‐Krill Herd optimization (SI‐JKHO). Further, the feature extraction is accomplished using “gray level co‐occurrence matrix, hybrid local binary pattern with local gradient patterns,” color features, and shape features. These collected features are subjected to feature selection using principle component analysis, in which the optimal features are obtained that are further considered to “tuned long short‐term memory with recurrent neural network (T‐LSRNN).” From the validating results, the performance of the enhanced‐JKHO‐LSRNN method is correspondingly secured at 6.66%, 6.66%, 7.86%, and 4.34% higher enriched performance RNN, long short‐term memory, convolutional neural networks, and LSRNN at 35th learning percentage in dataset 3. The results confirm that the developed model can accurately determine plant diseases compared to conventional models based on diverse performance metrics like “accuracy, precision, specificity, sensitivity, false positive rate, and false negative rate,” and so forth.
A Buffalo‐based bi‐directional recurrent paradigm for Indian stock market prediction
Authors: Pattewar Tareek , Jain Dinesh , Kiranmayee B. V.
Published: February 2023

Earlier prediction of stock market details is an important factor in finance intersection. Moreover, predicting stock details is difficult as the stock datasets are unstructured and the entities differ based on each application. Hence, the conventional prediction model requires additional features for predicting stock prices. To end these issues, the presented article has focused on developing the novel African Buffalo‐based Bi‐Directional Recurrent Model (ABBRM) to predict stock details efficiently. Once the dataset is collected, preprocessing is performed in the hidden layer of the novel ABBRM. Moreover, the refined data is imported to the classification layer for feature selection and prediction processes. The incorporation of Buffalo fitness has afforded the most satisfactory stock price prediction outcome. Furthermore, the designed procedure is executed in the python environment with appropriate packages. Significant parameters like prediction accuracy, recall, precision, execution time, and error rate verified the projected model's robustness. Moreover, the presented model has attained an average accuracy of 93.5% for the short term and 99.91% for the long term. ABBRM was compared with existing techniques to identify the presented framework's effectiveness and has attained better results than other models. Here, the significance of the novel ABBRM is better prediction, which means the stock features were stored in the Buffalo memory fitness phase; during the execution phases, it helps to attain the exact prediction. Also, the Buffalo algorithm iterations were repeated continuously till a suitable prediction outcome was gained, and better training and testing outcomes were gained by the deep recurrent features in the designed model. Hence, this model is highly suitable for all prediction applications.
Niobium‐ and Tantalum‐Doped Pt‐Sn/Al2O3 as Efficient Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation
Authors: Wang Yi , Luo Pengyang , Xu Zhikang , Xu Renwei , Zhu Haibo
Published: February 2023

The Pt‐Sn/Al2O3 catalyst has been successfully commercialized for propane dehydrogenation, but it is still highly desirable to further improve its catalytic performance for maximizing the utilization efficiency of noble metal Pt. Herein, this work demonstrates that doping Nb and Ta into Pt‐Sn/Al2O3 has great impacts on its structure, and significantly improved catalytic performances are achieved in Pt‐Sn‐X/Al2O3(X=Nb and Ta). It is found that the incorporation of Nb and Ta into Pt‐Sn/Al2O3 can promote the dispersion of Pt‐Sn particles, which results in Pt‐Sn clusters being highly dispersed at the surface of Al2O3. Moreover, the presence of Nb and Ta makes the SnOx species less reducible, and thus the Pt‐Sn particles become more stable at high temperature. Systematic exploration allows to obtain the optimized Pt‐Sn‐Nb5.0/Al2O3 and Pt‐Sn‐Ta1.0/Al2O3, and these two catalysts exhibit high initial propane conversion (above 43.8 % and 50.4 %) with propylene selectivity of above 98 %. Most importantly, they show excellent regeneration in propane dehydrogenation, and their catalytic performance can be completely restored by a simple calcination.
Fundamental study for assessment of surface resistivity based on waveform characteristics of partial discharge
Authors: Kawashima Tomohiro , Hirukawa Taisuke , Yoshikawa Kanta , Murakami Yoshinobu , Hozumi Naohiro
Published: February 2023

The partial discharge (PD) waveform reflects the evolution process of electron avalanche in the discharge space. The authors expect to estimate the condition of the discharge space based on the PD waveform characteristics. The semi‐conductive sheet was attached to the insulator to simulate the decrease in surface resistance due to deterioration. With the reduction of the surface resistivity, the shoulder appeared on the rising part of the PD waveform and the rise time of the PD waveform became longer. In addition, we simulated the change in the rise time using an equivalent circuit model. The displacement current was calculated from the surface potential distribution estimated by the diffusion equation, and the PD current was simulated by summing up all the current components. As a result, the shoulder was reproduced at the rising part of the PD waveform in the simulation as well. The surface resistance was estimated from the PD waveform by fitting with the experimental results.
Asymmetric Catalytic Approaches Employing α,β‐Unsaturated Imines
Authors: Saha Suman K. , Bera Anupriya , Singh Soniya , Rana Nirmal K.
Published: February 2023

Nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic compounds have consistently been a noticeable center of attention due to their significant utilization in the domain of synthetic organic chemistry, agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals. α,β‐Unsaturated imines or conjugated imines provide a lot of significant cyclic as well as acyclic products through reacting with a versatile family of compounds. This review summarizes the recent advances in enantioselective reactions of α,β‐unsaturated imines by using synthetic methodologies for synthesizing various nitrogen‐containing heterocycles that contain four to six‐membered rings. The synthesis of rarely found seven‐, eight‐ and nine‐membered nitrogen‐containing heterocycles have also been reported.
Carbon constrained economic dispatch of a microgrid system based on different grid pricing strategies considering uncertainty
Authors: Chhual Singh Tapas , Dey Bishwajit , Rao K. Srinivas , Bhattacharyya Biplab
Published: February 2023

Microgrids can be considered a reduced power system network wherein the generation, transmission, and distribution of power occurs within a limited geographical area. They are employed to use the maximum penetration of renewable energy sources (RES). Microgrid also has advantages like reduction of transmission losses and costs pertaining to such losses. The objectives of economic dispatch, emission dispatch, penalty‐factor (PPF) based combined economic emission dispatch (CEED) and environmental constrained economic dispatch (ECED) are evaluated in this paper. A low‐voltage microgrid system for three different scenarios is studied. A novel, robust and powerful hybrid swarm‐intelligence optimization algorithm is used, which is based on amalgamating the features of conventional gray‐wolf optimizer, sine‐cosine and crow search algorithm. Due to the use of RES, the active power production cost and carbon emission of the microgrid system were reduced to approximately 3% for all the objectives. More than 15% reductions in generation costs were obtained throughout the study when the time‐of‐usage electricity market pricing strategy was used instead of the fixed pricing strategy. Also, results show that the ECED methods of economic emission dispatch provided better‐compromised solutions than the PPF‐based CEED method. Finally, non‐parametric statistical analysis is used to analyze and validate the quality of the projected novel technique, which is measured against the outcomes found with algorithms used in the state‐of‐art literature.
Probability weighting in commodity futures markets
Authors: Yuan Jun , Xu Qi , Wang Ying
Published: February 2023

Probability weighting refers to the behavioral bias in which irrational investors have a propensity to overweigh small probability tail events. In this study, we empirically investigate the asset pricing implications of probability weighting in commodity markets. We find that commodities with a high probability‐weighting value significantly underperform their low‐value pairs by 11% per annum. Neither conventional commodity risk factors nor existing characteristics explain this predictability. The predictability is more pronounced when arbitrage constraints are more binding. Commodities with a high probability‐weighting value also attract excess demand from non‐commercial traders. Collectively, these findings support a prospect theory‐based explanation for the cross‐section of commodity returns.
Landslide Susceptibility mapping using random forest and extreme gradient boosting: A case study of Fengjie, Chongqing
Authors: Zhang Wengang , He Yuwei , Wang Luqi , Liu Songlin , Meng Xuanyu
Published: February 2023

Landslide susceptibility analysis can provide theoretical support for landslide risk management. However, some susceptibility analyses are not sufficiently interpretable. Moreover, the accuracy of many research methods needs to be improved. Therefore, this study can supplement these deficiencies. This study aims to research the evaluation effects of random forest (RF) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) classifier models on landslide susceptibility, and to compare their applicability in Fengjie County, Chongqing, a typical landslide‐prone area in southwest of China. Firstly, 1624 landslides information from 1980 to 2020 were obtained through field investigation, and a geospatial database of 16 conditional factors had been constructed. Secondly, non‐landslide points were selected to form a complete data set and RF and XGBoost models were established. Finally, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) value, accuracy, and F‐score were used to compare the two models. The results show that even though both classifiers have a highly accurate evaluation of landslide susceptibility, the RF model performs better. In comparison, the RF model has a higher AUC value of 0.866, and its accuracy and F‐score are approximately 2% higher than XGBoost. The land use, elevation, and lithology of Fengjie County contribute to the occurrence of landslides. This is due to human engineering activities (such as land reclamation, and housing construction) resulting in low slope stability and landslides in widely distributed sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone layers owing to their low permeability and planes of weakness.
Molecular basis of RNA recognition by TBP of HIV‐1 from multiple molecular dynamics simulations and energy predictions
Authors: Wang Chao , Chen Lin , Tang Wanxia , Zhao Bing , Wang Ruige
Published: February 2023

The frequent outbreaks of the AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) pandemic and the limited availability of anti‐Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) drugs highlight the urgent need to develop new antiviral drugs. A detailed understanding of the interactions between TAR‐Binding Proteins (TBP) and RNA will facilitate the discovery of new anti‐AIDS drugs. In order to characterize and explore the key interactions between RNA and TBP, we focused on the wild type (WT) and three mutant TBPs (TBP6.9, TBP6.7, and TBP6.3) with RNA, multiple molecular dynamics simulation and energy computation were performed. The results showed that 12 key residues played a major role in the interaction between TBP and RNA. The mutated residues of TBP changed the interaction between their surrounding residues and RNA, thus affecting the binding of TBP to RNA. In addition, structural and energy analyses showed that in contrast with WT TBP‐RNA complex, the mutated residues had little effect on the backbone structure of TBP, but changes in the van der Waals interactions and electrostatic interaction associated with the side chains are responsible for the altered the binding between three mutant TBPs and RNA complexes. The discovery of TBP‐RNA recognition mechanism in our work provides some useful insights and new opportunities for the development of anti‐aids drugs.
Suggestive evidence of genetic association of IL23R polymorphisms with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk in the Chinese population
Authors: Zhou Yu , Chen Jie , Bai Fenghua , Mo Rubing , Wu Haihong , Zhang Lei , Zhao Jie , Huang Linhui , Lin Qi , He Chanyi , Lin Linsang , Li Siguang , Xie Tian , Ding Yipeng
Published: February 2023

Background

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a worldwide public health problem. Previous genetic association studies have identified several susceptibility loci in the interleukin genes that may participate in the nosogenesis of COPD. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between IL23R loci and COPD susceptibility in the Chinese population.

Methods

Agena MassARRAY technology was applied to genotype five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL23R gene in 498 COPD patients and 498 healthy people. The association between IL23R SNPs and COPD risk was calculated by logistic regression analysis, with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. The false‐positive report probability analysis was noteworthy for evaluating the significant results. Also, haplotype analysis was performed among IL23R variants, and multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis was performed to assess the SNP‐SNP interactions to predict the risk of COPD.

Results

Overall analysis showed that rs7517847 had a significant association with an increased risk of COPD. Age‐stratified analysis revealed that rs7517847 was significantly related to an increased risk of COPD in people aged over 68 years old. Sex‐stratified analysis illustrated a significant association between rs2295359 and rs7517847 and COPD risk in the female population. The significant association of COPD risk with IL23R SNPs was assessed by false‐positive report probability values. Additionally, we observed that the haplotypes AAC and GGA formed by rs2201841, rs12743974 and rs10889677 were associated with a reduced risk of COPD (p = 0.009, p = 0.026). Also, the five‐loci interaction model formed by rs2295359, rs7517847, rs2201841, rs12743974 and rs10889677 became the best predictor of COPD, with 10/10 cross‐validation consistency and 52.4% testing balance accuracy.

Conclusion

The research indicated a remarkable association between IL23R variants and COPD susceptibility in the Chinese population. Larger samples and functional research are required to ascertain the relationship between IL23R variants and COPD susceptibility.
Characterization of the boundedness of generalized fractional integral and maximal operators on Orlicz–Morrey and weak Orlicz–Morrey spaces
Authors: Kawasumi Ryota , Nakai Eiichi , Shi Minglei
Published: February 2023

We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the boundedness of generalized fractional integral and maximal operators on Orlicz–Morrey and weak Orlicz–Morrey spaces. To do this, we prove the weak–weak type modular inequality of the Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator with respect to the Young function. Orlicz–Morrey spaces contain spaces (), Orlicz spaces, and generalized Morrey spaces as special cases. Hence, we get necessary and sufficient conditions on these function spaces as corollaries.
Transience of symmetric nonlocal Dirichlet forms
Authors: Shiozawa Yuichi
Published: February 2023

We establish transience criteria for symmetric nonlocal Dirichlet forms on in terms of the coefficient growth rates at infinity. Applying these criteria, we find a necessary and sufficient condition for recurrence of Dirichlet forms of symmetric stable‐like with unbounded/degenerate coefficients. This condition indicates that both of the coefficient growth rates of small and big jump parts affect the sample path properties of the associated symmetric jump processes.
Inhibition of lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6 upregulated by the choline‐deficient l‐amino acid‐defined diet prevents hepatocarcinogenesis in mice
Authors: Gnocchi Davide , Afonso Marta B. , Cavalluzzi Maria Maddalena , Lentini Giovanni , Ingravallo Giuseppe , Sabbà Carlo , Rodrigues Cecilia M. P. , Mazzocca Antonio
Published: February 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most worrying tumors worldwide today, and its epidemiology is on the rise. Traditional pharmacological approaches have shown unfavorable results and exhibited many side effects. Hence, there is a need for new efficacious molecules with fewer side effects and improvements on traditional approaches. We previously showed that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) supports hepatocarcinogenesis, and its effects are mainly mediated by LPA receptor 6 (LPAR6). We also reported that 9‐xanthylacetic acid (XAA) acts as an antagonist of LPAR6 to inhibit the growth of HCC. Here, we report that LPAR6 is involved in the choline‐deficient l‐amino acid‐defined (CDAA) diet‐induced hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. Our data demonstrate that CDAA diet‐induced metabolic imbalance stimulates LPAR6 expression in mice and that XAA counteracts diet‐induced effects on hepatic lipid accumulation, fibrosis, inflammation, and HCC development. These conclusions are corroborated by results on LPAR6 gain and loss‐of‐function in HCC cells.
Compact filtering magic‐T using a hybrid microstrip‐cavity structure
Authors: Fang Xin , Li Yuan Chun , Wu Di‐Si , Mou Jin‐Chao , Xue Quan
Published: February 2023

This letter introduces a filtering magic‐T based on a hybrid microstrip‐cavity structure. TE011 and TE101 modes of the cavity are generated by the two perpendicular input microstrip lines to form the filtering responses. Because of the orthogonality of the feeding lines and the two resonant modes, in‐ and out‐of‐phase output currents and high port isolations are achieved. The measured filtering responses of the two input ports are in good agreement with each other and possess high‐frequency selectivity. The isolations of the input and output ports are below 41 and 22 dB, respectively. Moreover, benefiting from the hybrid microstrip‐cavity structure, only two cavity resonators are employed, which realizes compact size.
A primer on contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging of post‐procedural and follow‐up imaging of islet cell transplant
Authors: Puskar Anessa , Saadah Bara , Rauf Asad , Kasperek Szymon R. , Umair Muhammad
Published: February 2023

β‐islet cell transplantation is a promising proposed treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) which can provide more physiological glucose control when compared to exogenous insulin therapy and reverse secondary consequences of diabetes. Unfortunately, β‐islet cell transplantation is not a permanent solution for patients with T1DM as 85–90% of β‐islet recipients return to exogenous insulin treatment within 5 years of the transplant. Despite its lack of success, β‐islet cell transplantation still has potential for the treatment of T1DM and significant work has been done to non‐invasively quantify β‐islet cell concentrations in transplantation to better understand the mechanism of β‐islet cell rejection. While several imaging modalities have been utilized, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains at the forefront of β‐islet cell imaging due to its high resolution and lack of radiation exposure to patients. Several MRI contrast agents have been explored for the imaging of β‐islet cells including superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), gadolinium‐based contrast agents (GBCA), manganese (II), fluorine‐19, and theranostic agents, with SPIONs being the most extensively studied. In this review, we provide an overview of the history, recent progress, and challenges of MRI in islet transplantation with a focus on the molecular imaging agents used.
The effect of maternal empathy on infants’ attachment security: Moderation by maternal emotion regulation and infant temperament
Authors: Cheng Nanhua , Ruan Xingjian , Wu Zhijun , Yue Xiaodong , Wang Zhengyan
Published: February 2023

This study examined the relationship between maternal empathy and infants’ attachment security and tested the moderating effects of maternal emotion regulation and infant negative emotional temperament. Participants were sampled from 215 families whose infants were 6 months old (T1) and from 170 families of the same cohort whose infants were 14 months old (T2). At T1, mothers were measured for their empathy (empathic concern and perspective taking), emotion regulation (reappraisal and suppression), and infant negative emotional temperament (sadness, falling reactivity, fear, and distress to limitations). At T2, mothers were again measured for their emotion regulation, and infant attachment was measured using the Strange Situation Procedure. Maternal empathic concern (EC) and perspective taking (PT) were found to be positively related to infant attachment security, while maternal reappraisal and infant temperamental sadness moderated the relationship between maternal PT and infant attachment security. No significant moderation effects were found between maternal EC and infant attachment security. Simple slope results showed that for infants with higher maternal reappraisal or infant sadness, maternal PT could positively predict infant attachment security. These findings highlight the importance of how the individual characteristics of mothers and infants may interact with maternal empathy during the critical period of infant attachment formation.
High‐efficiency shape memory copolymers of polycaprolactone/thermoplastic polyurethane fabricated via in situ ring‐opening polymerization
Authors: Wu Fangjuan , Hu Jiahuan , Yang Shangda , Li Guifeng , Chen Haoxiang , Fang Hui
Published: February 2023

Shape memory blends of polycaprolactone/thermoplastic polyurethane (PCL/TPU) were prepared by in situ ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of ε‐caprolactone (CL) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). Fourier infrared spectrometer and 1H‐NMR were used to characterize the chemical structure of PCL/TPU copolymers. The results show that TPU has been involved in the ROP of CL, leading to the formation of copolymers with homogeneous morphologies. Besides, pure PCL and all the blends exhibit an excellent shape fixation ratio of 100%, due to their high crystallinity. When a small amount of TPU is introduced, the crystallinity of PCL decreases, and as a result, the shape recovery ratio of the copolymer is enhanced compared with pure PCL. However, with the increased loading of TPU, the content of PCL as the reversible phase decreases and the storage modulus of the PCL/TPU blend declines, so the driving force for the blends to return from the temporary shape to the initial shape becomes smaller, leading to a decrease in the shape recovery ratio. Notably, when the amount of TPU is only 5%, the shape recovery ratio of the blend could reach 83.3%, which is 26% higher than that of pure PCL, and meanwhile, the tensile strength of the blend decreases slightly. This study provides a new strategy for the design of shape‐memory materials with high shape‐memory properties.
Factor structure of the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) (15 items) in a collectivist society—Pakistan
Authors: Iqbal Farhan , Iqbal Farah , Humayun Ghazal Khawaja
Published: February 2023

Despite several theoretical, structural, and statistical issues reported against Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), most studies in the educational sector of Pakistan use it without analyzing its factor structure. Since culture might change the structure, this first systematic study filled the gap and explored the factor structure of the least researched FFMQ (15 items) among nonmeditator university students in collectivist society Pakistan while employing optimal statistical techniques. We interpreted our results culturally and also conducted a cross‐cultural examination with the Spanish sample. We employed polychoric data to conduct exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The EFA extracted a four‐factor (10 items) solution without the Describe facet and showed good inter‐item correlation. The CFA exhibited a theory‐based two‐factor hierarchical model (self‐regulation, orient to experience) with good fit indices, acceptable factor loadings, correct directions, and strong reliabilities (coefficient H > 0.8). The multivariate analysis showed no difference in mindfulness between males and females, except for Nonreact. The first multigroup CFA (MGCFA) showed metric invariance while examining the polarity of items across gender. In cross‐cultural multivariate analysis, we found no difference in mindfulness between Pakistan and Spanish samples, except for Nonjudge, but the second MGCFA showed metric invariance in the correlated model only. Our data suggest that the two‐factor hierarchical structure, without Describe facet, provides a more parsimonious and culturally accepted structure among nonmeditators in Pakistan. However, due to the independent nature of the two factors, the total score cannot be computed. The FFMQ (15 items) appears individualistic, and including culturally acceptable items will improve its universality.
Long‐term exercise and pulmonary function outcomes in a contemporary cohort of children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Miles Kimberley G. , Powell Adam W. , Critser Paul J. , Hardie William , O'Neil Meredith , Cash Michelle , Magness Melissa , Geers Elizabeth , Mays Wayne , Hirsch Russel
Published: February 2023

Objective

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) survivors are at risk for long‐term exercise impairment and pulmonary morbidity, but the generalizability of prior reported cohorts are limited by reduced disease severity and older surgical eras. We assessed the mid‐childhood exercise and pulmonary function outcomes in a contemporary cohort of CDH survivors.

Study Design

In this retrospective cohort study, we identified 36 consecutive pediatric CDH survivors who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and spirometry from 2014 to 2021. Inferential statistics compared survivors with age‐, sex‐, and size‐matched healthy controls; univariate analyses identified factors associated with abnormal testing.

Results

Maximal effort CPET and resting spirometry were completed by 27/36 (75%) and 31/36 (86%) subjects, respectively (median age: 8.1 years [interquartile range: 7.5, 10]; 16 females [44%]). Abnormal CPET (percent predicted [pp] peak VO2 < 80%) was more common in the CDH cohort (12 vs. 1, p < 0.001) and associated with longer neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay (p = 0.02) and oxygen therapy at discharge (p = 0.03). Exercise impairment was mild (pp peak VO2 70%–80%), moderate (60%–70%), and severe (<60%) in 6, 4, and 2 survivors, respectively. Abnormal spirometry was more common in the CDH cohort (21 vs. 3, p < 0.001; obstructive [n = 15], restrictive [n = 6]) and associated with decreased gestational age (p = 0.046), longer mechanical ventilation in the NICU (p = 0.02), and orthopedic abnormalities (p = 0.03).

Conclusion(s)

Exercise capacity was normal or mildly impaired in most CDH survivors, however, approximately two‐thirds demonstrated abnormal spirometry. Impaired exercise capacity and lung function were associated with severity of lung disease postnatally. These data support cardiopulmonary follow‐up throughout childhood.
Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth of GaAsP for III‐V/Si‐Based Photovoltaics
Authors: Strömberg Axel , Manavaimaran Balaji , Srinivasan Lakshman , Lourdudoss Sebastian , Sun Yan-Ting
Published: February 2023

GaAsP/Si with high crystalline quality fabricated by cost‐effective heteroepitaxial technology is a promising pathway for realizing low‐cost Si‐based tandem solar cell with efficiency higher than 30%. Herein, hydride vapor‐phase epitaxy is used to perform selective area growth of GaAsP with high lateral coverage, referred to as epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELOG). The ELOG is performed on GaAs‐based substrates as a prestudy, followed by GaAs/Si and GaAsP/Si seed wafers employing chemical mechanical polishing to fabricate full 2″ GaAsP/Si templates. These are subsequently used to grow and process GaAsP/Si pn‐junction structures for electrical characterization. The ELOG GaAsP is studied by spatially resolved photoluminescence (PL) mapping and high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction measurements. PL analysis of the GaAsP/GaAs ELOG samples reveals an enhanced P‐incorporation during lateral growth of GaAsP. This is also observed for the GaAsP/Si ELOG templates along with evidence of improved material quality, clearly distinguishing the laterally grown GaAsP from the planar growth directly above the Si substrate. Leakage pathways causing reduced electrical performance of the ELOG GaAsP/Si pn‐junction structures are identified.
Magnetic Field Effect in Hydrogen‐Bonded Semiconductor‐Based Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Saadi Donia , Yumusak Cigdem , Zrinski Ivana , Mardare Andrei Ionut , Romdhane Samir , Sariciftci Niyazi Serdar , Irimia-Vladu Mihai , Scharber Markus Clark
Published: February 2023

Herein, the magnetic field effect on the source–drain current of organic field‐effect transistors with semiconductor layers made of H‐bonded pigments is studied. In all devices, an external magnetic field reduces the source–drain current in the transistor. The magnetic field effect is independent of the direction of the applied magnetic field. The observed increase of the magnetoresistance seems to originate from the used semiconductor or the semiconductor–dielectric interface and is not influenced by the nature of the gate electrodes or the semiconductors’ deposition procedure (e.g., grain size, layer thicknesses, etc.). As all prepared devices do have single charge carrier nature, the formation of bipolarons is suggested to be responsible for the observed magnetic field effect. The presented experiments demonstrate that hydrogen‐bonded semiconductors behave no different than their classical van der Waals‐bonded fully conjugated semiconductors’ counterparts.
Efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of inhaled treprostinil in Japanese patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Kuwana Masataka , Abe Kohtaro , Kinoshita Hideyuki , Matsubara Hiromi , Minatsuki Shun , Murohara Toyoaki , Sakao Seiichiro , Shirai Yuichiro , Tahara Nobuhiro , Tsujino Ichizo , Takahashi Kenta , Kanda Shingo , Ogo Takeshi
Published: February 2023

Treprostinil is a chemically stable analog of prostacyclin, and inhaled treprostinil was developed to deliver the effects directly to the pulmonary vasculature while minimizing systemic side effects. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy on hemodynamics and exercise capacity, safety, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of inhaled treprostinil in Japanese patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Inhaled treprostinil was administered at three breaths (18 μg)/session four times daily, and the dose was gradually increased to a maximum of nine breaths (54 μg)/session. Endpoints included change in pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI) as primary, other efficacy parameters, safety, and PK. Seventeen PAH patients, the majority of whom (76.5%) had been receiving both an endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA) and a phosphodiesterase type‐5 (PDE5) inhibitor/soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator, received inhaled treprostinil. At Week 12, PVRI statistically decreased by −39.4 ± 25.5% (95% confidence interval: −52.6 to −26.3). The most frequently reported adverse events related to treprostinil were headache, cough, throat irritation, and hot flush. Regarding PK, there were no notable differences in the geometric mean Cmax and AUClast between Japanese and non‐Japanese patients. Treatment with inhaled treprostinil using the dosing regimen approved in the United States resulted in significant improvement in hemodynamics, exercise capacity, and symptoms with a favorable tolerability and safety profile in Japanese patients. Inhaled treprostinil could be a valuable therapeutic option for Japanese patients with PAH, including those receiving a combination therapy with an ERA and a PDE5 inhibitor/sGC stimulator. Trial registration: JAPIC Clinical Trials Information [JapicCTI‐194651].
By‐pass valves in hydropower plants: An ecologically important measure to mitigate stranding in rivers due to emergency turbine flow shutdown
Authors: Halleraker Jo Halvard , Natvik Eirik Vee , Vaskinn Kjetil , L'Abée‐Lund Jan Henning , Alfredsen Knut
Published: February 2023

Hydropeaking operations or accidental shutdown in hydropower (HP) plants lead to rapid reduction in river flows downstream HP outlets and cause severe stranding of biota. Stranding of fish in dewatered riverbeds is a major consequence of hydropeaking. To mitigate the direct negative impacts of accidental powerplant shutdown implementation of automated by‐pass valves (BPVs) is suggested as an efficient measure. Proper configuration and operation of the BPV is crucial. At present, more than 110 Norwegian HP plants have BPVs as a license requirement. We found that the function of the BPVs in small‐scale HP plants (HPPs <10 MW) were found to be inadequate. Re‐configuration to better mitigate the ecological impacts were required to minimize stranding risk for juvenile salmonids. The valves were found to come into operation too late, did not open automatically, or were found to reduce the flow too rapidly. Hence, the function of the valves did not meet best practice. This is alarming seen both from a governance perspective as well as from an ecological standpoint. Our second objective was to develop a generic cost‐efficient formula for BPVs configuration to dampen severe flow dewatering in case of HP fallout. Our configuration formula is adjustable to meet down‐ramping flow rules, and hence may helps to mitigate stranding of key species in rivers. For most of the large‐scale HPPs (>10 MW), the BPVs seems to operate as expected, namely to secure base‐flow until the HP turbine is re‐started and hence mitigate the most severe dewatering events. Potentially more than 650 HPPs in Norway, and hence several thousand of river km downstream HPP outlets may need well‐operated BPVs to mitigate accidental stranding of riverine biota worldwide.
Functional Layers of Inverted Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells and Effective Technologies for Device Commercialization
Authors: Xu Zhiyuan , Zhuang Qixin , Zhou Yuqin , Lu Shirong , Wang Xiaohui , Cai Wensi , Zang Zhigang
Published: February 2023

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are now one of the most promising solar cells due to advantages such as high‐power conversion efficiency (PCE), low cost, and ease of fabrication. Among PSCs, flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) are lightweight and bendable, making them easier to transport and install than rigid PSCs, and hence can be used in wearable and portable electronics, space energy systems, multifunctional integrated buildings, unmanned systems, and other applications. Compared with regular n–i–p FPSCs, inverted p–i–n FPSCs possess advantages of reliable operational stability, reduced hysteresis effect, low‐temperature fabrication process, and strong potential for tandem devices. At present, the PCEs of single‐junction and tandem‐inverted FPSCs have reached 21.76% and 24.7%, respectively, indicating promising commercial applications. In this review, first, the developments of device functional layers including flexible substrates, flexible conductive electrodes, charge transport layers, and perovskite active layers in inverted FPSCs are elucidated and discussed thoroughly. Then, the technologies for accelerating commercialization of inverted FPSCs are summarized in detail. Finally, perspectives on the development and commercialization of inverted FPSCs are provided.
Experimental and analytical study of the flexural behavior of basalt fiber‐reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Li Zhihua , Ma Chengfei , Guo Xuan
Published: February 2023

In this work, the theoretical model for predicting the flexural behavior of steel‐reinforced basalt fiber‐reinforced concrete (RBFRC) beams was developed and the results were experimentally validated. The experimental results presented two failure modes of the RBFRC beams including flexural failure and flexural‐shear failure. The load‐carrying capacity, deformation ability, and crack resistance of RBFRC beams failing in flexure can be significantly enhanced with the addition of chopped basalt fiber. To verify the theoretical model, the predicted results were compared with the experimental results of RBFRC beams, and the relative error between the two methods is very small. Based on the theoretical method, a parametric study was conducted to identify the influence of several crucial materials and structural parameters on the flexural behavior of RBFRC beams.
“There is no room for me, for a Hawaiian, in science”: Rightful presence in community science
Authors: Tofel‐Grehl Colby
Published: February 2023

This paper shares the experiences, engagement, and struggle of one young Indigenous Hawaiian woman as she grapples with her sense of disconnect with STEM while serving as a land protector on the Mauna Kea, the home of the Thirty Meter Telescope being built over the objection of the local Indigenous community. I examine her changing perspectives and connections to STEM through her engagement during a summer school enrichment class focused on science and technology learning in service of community goals. Findings indicate that her sense of agency and autonomy were greatly improved by engaging in a space where science and technology were tools serving her goals of protecting the Mauna Kea from further development.
Numerical Investigation on Reduction of Power Consumption and Improvement of Success Rate for Consensus in Multi‐Agent Systems over a Wireless Network Considering the Number of Agents
Authors: Nakamura Yukinori , Matsuzaki Hisashi , Hirata Kentaro , Okano Kunihisa
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we investigate power adjustment for multi‐agent systems in a wireless network where communication range is limited. The approach in which communication range is dynamically changed is utilized so as to save power consumption. However, since drawback of this approach is that agents cannot expand their communication range, it causes that communication between agents tends to be disconnected. To overcome this problem, we propose two power adjustment methods. In the first method, communication range is temporarily expanded in accordance with the number of neighboring agents. In the second method, agents change their communication range by using information on the total number of agents and relative distance between an agent and the farthest neighboring agent. Through numerical simulation, we show that the proposed power adjustment methods reduce power consumption and improve success rate for consensus. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Rejecting Transactional Family–School Partnerships and Enacting More Liberatory Family Literacy Work
Authors: McCarthy Foubert Jennifer L.
Published: February 2023

In this column, I urge educators to reject transactional partnerships in their family literacy work. Drawing from my research centering Black parents' school engagement experiences, I examine two types of transactional partnerships: those that tether high‐quality education to educators' perceptions of parenting, and those that tether high‐quality education to parents' levels of advocacy. Ultimately, I consider four characteristics of educators enacting more liberatory family literacy work.
The continuum dark matter zoo
Authors: Csáki Csaba , Ismail Ameen , Lee Seung J.
Published: February 2023

Abstract

We generalize the recently proposed continuum dark matter model to the case where the dark matter consists of a spin-1/2 or spin-1 gapped continuum. We construct simple continuum analogs of weakly interacting massive particles annihilating through the Z portal. We discuss all existing experimental constraints, with the strongest bounds arising from indirect detection and limits on continuum decays from the cosmic microwave background. Our models are phenomenologically viable for gap scales of 60–200 GeV (spin-1/2) and 35–90 GeV (spin-1), owing to the strong kinematic suppression of direct detection bounds which is unique to continuum states. We comment on future prospects for detection and suggest directions for further continuum model building.
Zooming into CP violation in B(s) → hh decays
Authors: Fleischer Robert , Jaarsma Ruben , Vos K. Keri
Published: February 2023

Abstract

The LHCb collaboration has recently reported the first observation of CP violation in the penguin-dominated $$ {B}_s^0 $$

B
s
0

→ K−K+ decay and further new measurements, indicating differences between the direct CP asymmetries of both the $$ {B}_s^0 $$

B
s
0

→ K−K+, $$ {B}_d^0 $$

B
d
0

→ π−K+ and the $$ {B}_d^0 $$

B
d
0

→ π−π+, $$ {B}_s^0 $$

B
s
0

→ K−π+ modes. We show that these puzzling differences can be accommodated through sizeable penguin annihilation and exchange topologies in the Standard Model, and constrain them. Utilising the U-spin symmetry, we extract the angle γ of the unitarity triangle from the CP asymmetries in the $$ {B}_s^0 $$

B
s
0

→ K−K+, $$ {B}_d^0 $$

B
d
0

→ π−π+ system alone, finding $$ \gamma =\left({65}_{-7}^{+11}\right){}^{\circ} $$
γ
=

65

−
7

+
11

°
, in perfect agreement with the determination from tree-level B → DK decays. The $$ {B}_s^0-{\overline{B}}_s^0 $$

B
s
0

−

B
¯

s
0

mixing phase ϕs can be extracted from CP violation measurements in $$ {B}_s^0 $$

B
s
0

→ K−K+ in a clean way. We present a new strategy and extract ϕs = −(3.6 ± 5.4)°. This result is in agreement with the determination from $$ {B}_s^0 $$

B
s
0

→ J/ψϕ decays. New CP-violating contributions would influence these determinations differently. Hence it is interesting to keep monitoring both as the experimental picture sharpens.
Ecological effects of mosquito control with Bti: evidence for shifts in the trophic structure of soil- and ground-based food webs
Authors: McKie Brendan G. , Taylor Astrid , Nilsson Tobias , Frainer André , Goedkoop Willem
Published: February 2023

The microbial control agentBacillus thuringiensisvar.israelensis(Bti) has been successfully used worldwide to reduce abundances of biting Nematocera (Diptera), often with little direct impact on non-target organisms observed. However, the potential for additional indirect effects on other ecosystem properties, including on trophic linkages within food webs, is poorly known. We investigated the effects of multiple-year mosquito control treatments using the Bti product VectoBac®-G on the stable isotope composition of epigeal and soil-based consumers inhabiting replicate floodplains along the River Dalälven, Sweden. We observed significant changes in the isotopic composition of detritivores feeding at the base of floodplain food webs. Enchytraeid worms were characterised by 3.5% higher δ13C values in treated floodplains, suggesting increased consumption of δ13C-enriched food. The overall range of community-wide δ15N values was 56% greater in the treated floodplains, whilst δ15N values of oribatid mites were elevated by 97%. These results suggest extra fractionation in the transfer of nitrogen through floodplain food chains. We conjecture that the ecological mechanisms driving these food web shifts are (1) the mass mortality of high δ13CA. sticticuslarvae, which leaves high concentrations of dead mosquito biomass deposited on soils at local scales, after the floodwaters have receded and (2) incorporation of the very high δ13C-enriched corn particles comprising the bulk of the VectoBac®-G product into floodplain food webs. Our results suggest that repeated applications of Bti might have wider, still largely unknown implications for nutrient and energy cycles within floodplain ecosystems.
The theory of scaling
Authors: Davey Keith , Sadeghi Hamed , Darvizeh Rooholamin
Published: February 2023

Scaled experimentation is an important approach for the investigation of complex systems but for centuries has been impeded by the want of a scaling theory that can accommodate scale effects. The present definition of a scale effect is founded on the violation of an invariance principle arising out of dimensional analysis, i.e. dimensionless equations do not change with scale. However, apart from all but the most rudimentary of systems, most dimensionless governing equations invariably do change with scale, thus providing a very severe constraint on the reach of scaled experimentation. This paper introduces thetheory of scalingthat in principle applies to all physics and quantifies either implicitly or explicitly all scale dependencies. It is shown here how the route offered by dimensional analysis is nothing more than a particular similitude condition among a countable infinite number of alternative possibilities provided by the new theory. Thetheory of scalingis founded on a metaphysical concept where space is scaled and the mathematical consequences of this are reflected in the governing equations in transport form. The theory is trialled for known problems in continuum mechanics, electromagnetism and heat transfer to illustrate the breath of the approach and additionally demonstrate the advantages offered by additional forms of similitude.