bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shape analysis of spatial relationships between orbito‐ocular and endocranial structures in modern humans and fossil hominids
Authors: Pereira‐Pedro Ana Sofia , Masters Michael , Bruner Emiliano
Published: October 2017

The orbits and eyes of modern humans are situated directly below the frontal lobes and anterior to the temporal lobes. Contiguity between these orbital and cerebral elements could generate spatial constraints, and potentially lead to deformation of the eye and reduced visual acuity during development. In this shape analysis we evaluate whether and to what extent covariation exists between ocular morphology and the size and spatial position of the frontal and temporal areas in adult modern humans. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to investigate patterns of variation among the brain and eyes, while computed tomography (CT) was used to compare cranial morphology in this anatomical region among modern humans, extinct hominids and chimpanzees. Seventeen landmarks and semi‐landmarks that capture the outline of the eye, frontal lobe, anterior fossa/orbital roof and the position of the temporal tips were sampled using lateral scout views in two dimensions, after projection of the average grayscale values of each hemisphere, with midsagittal and parasagittal elements overlapped onto the same plane. MRI results demonstrated that eye position in adult humans varies most with regard to its horizontal distance from the temporal lobes and, secondly, in its vertical distance from the frontal lobes. Size was mainly found to covary with the distance between the eye and temporal lobes. Proximity to these cerebral lobes may generate spatial constraints, as some ocular deformation was observed. Considering the CT analysis, modern humans vary most with regard to the orientation of the orbits, while interspecific variation is mainly associated with separation between the orbits and endocranial elements. These findings suggest that size and position of the frontal and temporal lobes can affect eye and orbit morphology, though potential effects on eye shape require further study. In particular, possible effects of these spatial and allometric relationships on the eye and vision should be examined using ontogenetic samples, vision parameters such as refractive error in diopters, and three‐dimensional approaches that include measures of extraocular soft tissues within the orbit.
Pregnancy in immunoglobulin M nephropathy
Authors: Hocaoğlu Meryem , Ecder Sabahat Alışır , Turgut Abdulkadir , Karateke Ateş
Published: October 2017

Immunoglobulin M nephropathy is an uncommon glomerular disease and a relatively less recognized clinico‐immunopathological entity in the domain of glomerulonephritis, often thought to be a bridge between minimal change disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. It is characterized by asymptomatic hematuria, episodes of macroscopic hematuria and proteinuria. Corticosteroids remain the mainstay of therapeutic strategies for such patients. We present what we believe to be the first known case of successful pregnancy in a 40‐year‐old woman with a 12‐year history of underlying immunoglobulin M nephropathy. In view of the rarity of this disease we hope this report will assist professionals managing such cases.
Percutaneous repair of severe mitral valve regurgitation secondary to chordae rupture in octogenarians using MitraClip
Authors: Geis Nicolas , Raake Philip , Mereles Derliz , Chorianopoulos Emmanuel , Szabo Gabor , Katus Hugo A. , Bekeredjian Raffi , Pleger Sven T.
Published: October 2017

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess feasibility and clinical effectiveness of the MitraClip device in octogenarians suffering from severe mitral valve regurgitation due to chordae rupture.

Background

The MitraClip procedure is a suitable technique in high‐risk surgical patients to achieve safe and effective percutaneous repair of mitral valve regurgitation. Octogenarians show cumulative risk and social aspects hindering mitral valve surgery. No data exists regarding the use of the MitraClip device in high‐risk octogenarians suffering from mitral valve chordae rupture.

Methods

Between October 2009 and March 2017 98 high‐risk octogenarians (society of thoracic surgeons score [STS]: 9.7% ± 0.8) with mitral valve prolapse and consecutively chordae rupture were treated with the MitraClip after interdisciplinary discussion.

Results

Successful mitral valve repair was achieved in 91% of the octogenarians. Repair of the mitral valve caused immediate and significant reduction of dyspnoea (NYHA class: 3.5 ± 0.4 vs 2.0 ± 0.3; P < 0.001), cardiac reverse remodeling (LVESD: 39 ± 0.8 vs 35 ± 0.8; P < 0.01) and amelioration of cardiac biomarkers (NTproBNP (4884 ± 52  ng/L vs 2473 ± 210 ng/L; P < 0.05,). Effects were stable over the 12 months observation period. None of our patients died intraprocedurally.

Conclusions

Percutaneous repair of chordae rupture is feasible and safe in high‐risk octogenarians. The MitraClip should be considered to repair severe mitral valve regurgitation due to mitral valve chordae rupture in high‐risk octogenarians after interdisciplinary discussion even facing a challenging anatomy.
Low‐grade gastrointestinal lymphoma in dogs: 20 cases (2010 to 2016)
Authors: Lane J. , Price J. , Moore A. , Dandrieux J. R. S. , Clifford C. , Curran K. , Choy K. , Cannon C.
Published: October 2017

Objectives

To report the clinical presentation, treatment and prognosis of dogs with low‐grade gastrointestinal lymphoma.

Materials and Methods

Cases were solicited from the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Oncology Diplomate listserv. Medical records of dogs with low‐grade gastrointestinal lymphoma diagnosed via a combination of histology and immunohistochemistry with or without analysis of polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangement were included. Signalment, clinical signs, diagnostic test results, chemotherapy protocol, response to treatment, date of first progression, rescue therapies and date and cause of death or last follow‐up visit were collected.

Results

Twenty cases were included. Males and small breed dogs were over‐represented. Frequent clinical signs included weight loss, vomiting and diarrhoea. Most lymphomas were T‐cell phenotype (95%), and epitheliotropism was commonly described (60%). Immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangement or both were frequently required for definitive diagnosis. Two dogs had resection of an intestinal mass, and all dogs were treated with chemotherapy; chlorambucil and prednisone were most commonly prescribed. Overall response rate was 70%, and median survival time was 424 days (95% confidence interval: 105 to 1206 days).

Clinical Significance

Low‐grade gastrointestinal lymphoma appears to be a rare condition in dogs, and treatment with chemotherapy results in a high response rate and favourable survival times. Further study is needed to determine its prevalence in dogs with chronic enteropathies.
Eighteen‐month lamivudine prophylaxis on preventing occult hepatitis B virus infection reactivation in patients with haematological malignancies receiving immunosuppression therapy
Authors: Marrone A. , Capoluongo N. , D'Amore C. , Pisaturo M. , Esposito M. , Guastafierro S. , Siniscalchi I. , Macera M. , Boemio A. , Onorato L. , Rinaldi L. , Minichini C. , Adinolfi L. E. , Sagnelli E. , Mastrullo L. , Coppola N.
Published: October 2017

This study evaluated the long‐term efficacy and safety of an 18‐month lamivudine prophylaxis in 68 HBsAg‐negative/anti–HBc‐positive patients with oncohaematological disease.

All 68 consecutive HBsAg‐negative/anti–HBc‐positive patients with an oncohaematological disease and naïve for chemotherapy observed from April 2008 to December 2012 at 2 Hematology Units in Naples were treated with lamivudine for 18 months after stopping chemotherapy and monitored for HBsAg at months 1 and 3 during chemotherapy and then every 3 months after its discontinuation. During follow‐up, 13 (19.1%) of the 68 patients died of complications related to their oncohaematological disease, and 3 (4%) showed a virological HBV reactivation (retroconversion to HBsAg positivity) 1‐7 months after the discontinuation of lamivudine prophylaxis (2 treated for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and one for Waldenstrom's disease); of these, 2 showed a biochemical reactivation. Comparing the demographic and clinical characteristics of the 3 patients with a virological HBV reactivation to the 65 without, the former were older (median age and range: 67 years [75‐78] vs. 61 [24‐88]; P = .05) and were less frequently treated for B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (B‐NHL) (0 vs. 70.7%, P = .03). In conclusion, a 18 months of lamivudine prophylaxis was effective in preventing HBV reactivation in HBsAg‐negative/anti–HBc‐positive patients treated for B‐NHL. However, in patients with chronic and severe immunodepression, such as those with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and Waldenstrom's disease, prophylaxis should be continued for an indefinite period.
Decreased sorbitol synthesis leads to abnormal stamen development and reduced pollen tube growth via an MYB transcription factor, MdMYB39L, in apple (Malus domestica)
Authors: Meng Dong , He Mingyang , Bai Yang , Xu Hongxia , Dandekar Abhaya M. , Fei Zhangjun , Cheng Lailiang
Published: October 2017

Sugars produced by photosynthesis not only fuel plant growth and development, but may also act as signals to regulate plant growth and development. This work focuses on the role of sorbitol, a sugar alcohol, in flower development and pollen tube growth of apple (Malus domestica).

Transgenic ‘Greensleeves’ apple trees with decreased sorbitol synthesis had abnormal stamen development, a decreased pollen germination rate and reduced pollen tube growth, which were all closely related to lower sorbitol concentrations in stamens. RNA sequencing and quantitative RT‐PCR analyses identified reduced transcript levels during stamen development and pollen tube growth in the transgenic trees of a stamen‐specific MYB39‐like transcription factor, MdMYB39L, and of its putative target genes involved in hexose uptake, cell wall formation and microsporogenesis.

Suppressing MdMYB39L expression in pollen via antisense oligonucleotide transfection significantly reduced the expression of its putative target genes and pollen tube growth. Exogenous sorbitol application during flower development partially restored MdMYB39L expression, stamen development, and pollen germination and tube growth of the transgenic trees. Addition of sorbitol to the germination medium also partially restored pollen germination and tube growth of the transgenic trees.

We conclude that sorbitol plays an essential role in stamen development and pollen tube growth via MdMYB39L in apple.
Elder neglect—Oral diseases and injuries
Authors: Petti S
Published: October 2017

Elder neglect (EN) is the failure of a designated caregiver to meet the needs of a dependent older person. World EN prevalence, meta‐analyzed in this study, is 1.0% or 1.8% according to different statistical methods. Referring alleged EN cases to Adult Protective Services (APSs) by healthcare workers (HCWs) is mandatory in many countries. However, only few claims are substantiated, as EN could be confused with Self‐Neglect, and neglect could be unintentional or due to caregiver unawareness. Screening tools are inaccurate, and their use is discouraged by public health organizations, because they lead to too many false positives, which engulf the already overwhelmed APSs. HCWs need effective tools with objective judgments, which do not hamper the HCW–caregiver–patient rapport and prevent lawsuits when allegations are unfounded. Orofacial EN manifestations (poor oral/denture hygiene, lack of needed/improper dentures, dry mouth, skin/mucosal rashes) are essential Forensic Markers of EN. I classified EN‐associated oral diseases according to the unmet needs into four groups: (1) traumatic injuries due to lack of caregiver vigilance (e.g., maxillofacial fractures); (2) diseases due to oral hygiene deficiency (e.g., root caries); (3) diseases typical of the elderly with late/no diagnosis (e.g., oral cancer); and (4) diseases typical of the elderly exacerbated by psychological distress (e.g., oral lichen planus).
Association mapping for seed cotton yield, yield components and fibre quality traits in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes
Authors: Handi Suresh S. , Katageri Ishwarappa S. , Adiger Sateesh , Jadhav Mangesh P. , Lekkala Sivarama P. , Reddy Lachagari Vijay B.
Published: October 2017

Association mapping has revolutionized human genetics and is increasingly used in plant genetics. It is an efficient way of determining the genetic basis of complex traits. In cotton so far numerous association mapping studies are available as compared to many other important crops. In our study, mapping was performed using cotton 63K infinium beadchip with 201 germplasm lines. Through fast STRUCTURE analysis, lines were grouped into 12 subgroups and revealed genome sharing among the groups. The critical value (R2) was set to 0.243 as threshold to claim LD between two loci. About 3.13% marker pairs recorded significantly high LD (R2 = 1), and 8.19% of marker pairs were in the range of 0.3 to 0.99 R2. In MLM, 349 significant marker–trait associations were detected as against 642 in GLM because of effectiveness in eliminating false associations in MLM. A total of 68 markers explained >10% phenotypic variation for yield and fibre quality traits. Phenotypic variation explained by markers was smaller, suggesting that they might be associated with minor QTLs.
Giovanni Battista Montini (Paul VI) and the modern world, 1925–33. Part I
Authors: Jorge Dagnino
Published: October 2017

The following article analyses the relationship between Giovanni Battista Montini (Paul VI) and the modern world during his years at the Federazione Universitaria Cattolica Italiana (FUCI). Contrary to what has been suggested by scholars of the subject, it is argued in the following pages that the line followed by Montini and the FUCI during the 1925–33 period was one characterised to a large extent by a spirit of condemnation of the modern world and modernity more generally, a spirit fuelled by an intransigent spirit of restoration of a Catholic Europe, and animated by a vision of and ideological and totalising Catholicism.
Relative Deprivation and School Enrolment. Evidence from Mexico
Authors: Esposito Lucio , Villaseñor Adrián
Published: October 2017

Using a large dataset (2.9 million households), we provide solid evidence of relative deprivation as being a negative correlate of school enrolment in Mexico, absolute standard of living being controlled for. This result is robust to a number of specifications, and to the use of linear and less than linear indices of relative deprivation. In addition, we find that marginal effects of relative deprivation are stronger at higher standards of living and for older children.
Shared and task‐specific muscle synergies of Nordic walking and conventional walking
Authors: Boccia G. , Zoppirolli C. , Bortolan L. , Schena F. , Pellegrini B.
Published: October 2017

Nordic walking is a form of walking that includes a poling action, and therefore an additional subtask, with respect to conventional walking. The aim of this study was to assess whether Nordic walking required a task‐specific muscle coordination with respect to conventional walking. We compared the electromyographic (EMG) activity of 15 upper‐ and lower‐limb muscles of 9 Nordic walking instructors, while executing Nordic walking and conventional walking at 1.3 ms−1 on a treadmill. Non‐negative matrix factorization method was applied to identify muscle synergies, representing the spatial and temporal organization of muscle coordination. The number of muscle synergies was not different between Nordic walking (5.2 ± 0.4) and conventional walking (5.0 ± 0.7, P = .423). Five muscle synergies accounted for 91.2 ± 1.1% and 92.9 ± 1.2% of total EMG variance in Nordic walking and conventional walking, respectively. Similarity and cross‐reconstruction analyses showed that 4 muscle synergies, mainly involving lower‐limb and trunk muscles, are shared between Nordic walking and conventional walking. One synergy acting during upper limb propulsion is specific to Nordic walking, modifying the spatial organization and the magnitude of activation of upper limb muscles compared to conventional walking. The inclusion of the poling action in Nordic walking does not increase the complexity of movement control and does not change the coordination of lower limb muscles. This makes Nordic walking a physical activity suitable also for people with low motor skill.
Occurrence of acute renal failure on the same day as immune globulin product administrations during 2008 to 2014
Authors: Ekezue Bola F. , Sridhar Gayathri , Forshee Richard A. , Izurieta Hector S. , Selvam Nandini , Mintz Paul D. , Anderson Steven A. , Menis Mikhail D.
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

Acute renal failure (ARF) is a rare serious adverse event after immune globulin (IG) use. Our large claims‐based study evaluated occurrence of same‐day ARF after administration of different IGs and ascertained potential risk factors, during the 2008 to 2014 study period.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

A retrospective cohort study was conducted using a large commercial administrative database. The cohort included individuals exposed to IG products as identified by procedure codes. ARF was ascertained using ICD‐9‐CM diagnoses. Unadjusted same‐day ARF rates (per 1000 persons exposed) were estimated overall and by age, sex, and IG products. Regression analyses were conducted to control for confounding and assess potential risk factors.

RESULTS

Of 20,440 persons exposed, 163 (7.97 per 1000) had a recorded same‐day ARF. The unadjusted nonzero same‐day ARF rates (per 1000) ranged from 1.92 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05‐10.69) for Hizentra to 16.97 (95% CI, 11.36‐24.37) for Privigen and differed by sex. In multivariate analyses, compared to Gammagard Liquid, no significantly elevated ARF risks were identified with any IGs. A significantly lower odds ratio was identified with Gamunex, 0.53 (95% CI, 0.30‐0.93). Age 45 and over, prior renal impairment, hypertension, and other factors were associated with increased risk of same‐day ARF.

CONCLUSION

The study showed variation in the risk of IG‐related ARF by age, sex, and IG products. The study results suggest the importance of recipient factors, such as older age and underlying health conditions. Variations in ARF occurrence may also be explained by product dosage, administration route and rate, and manufacturing processes, which warrant further evaluation.
Sourcing patterns of export‐platform foreign affiliates: The case of Japanese affiliates in Mexico
Authors: Kondo Keisuke
Published: October 2017

This study investigates the sourcing patterns of Japanese export‐platform foreign affiliates in Mexico, which mainly export to the United States and Canada. We propose a novel approach to estimate intermediate input elasticities of exports by sourcing country. We find that, on average, Japanese export‐platform foreign affiliates in Mexico source intermediate inputs from third countries, including the United States and Canada, rather than from Japan and Mexico, suggesting that Japanese export‐platform foreign affiliates in Mexico are mainly integrated into the vertical production networks back and forth between Mexico, the United States and Canada. In turn, Japanese foreign affiliates selling domestically in Mexico source intermediate inputs not only within the North American Free Trade Agreement countries but also from Japan. In addition, we find that export‐platform foreign affiliates in Mexico use more labour‐intensive production than do foreign affiliates selling domestically in Mexico. This suggests that saving labour costs is one of the motives for export‐platform foreign direct investment in Mexico.
Liposome‐encapsulated chemotherapy: Current evidence for its use in companion animals
Authors: Børresen B. , Hansen A. E. , Kjær A. , Andresen T. L. , Kristensen A. T.
Published: October 2017

Cytotoxic drugs encapsulated into liposomes were originally designed to increase the anticancer response, while minimizing off‐target adverse effects. The first liposomal chemotherapeutic drug was approved for use in humans more than 20 years ago, and the first publication regarding its use in a canine cancer patient was published shortly thereafter. Regardless, no general application for liposomal cytotoxic drugs has been established in veterinary oncology till now. Due to the popularity of canines as experimental models for pharmacokinetic analyses and toxicity studies, multiple publications exist describing various liposomal drugs in healthy dogs. Also, some evidence for its use in veterinary cancer patients exists, especially in canine lymphoma, canine splenic hemangiosarcoma and feline soft tissue sarcoma, however, the results have not been overwhelming. Reasons for this may be related to inherent issues with the enhanced permeability and retention effect, the tumour phenomenon which liposomal drugs exploit. This effect seems very heterogeneously distributed in the tumour. Also, it is potentially not as ubiquitously occurring as once thought, and it may prove important to select patients for liposomal therapy on an individual, non‐histology‐oriented, basis. Concurrently, new developments with active‐release modified liposomes in experimental models and humans will likely be relevant for veterinary patients as well, and holds the potential to improve the therapeutic response. It, however, does not resolve the other challenges that liposomal chemotherapy faces, and more work still needs to be done to determine which veterinary patients may benefit the most from liposomal chemotherapy.
Single room versus open-bay design in neonatal intensive care units for improvement in infant outcomes: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Disher Timothy , Dol Justine , Richardson Brianna , Campbell-Yeo Marsha
Published: October 2017

Review question/objective:

: The objective of this review is to identify the impact of single room neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) design on infant outcomes compared to alternative design.

The specific question is: what is the impact of single room design on outcomes of infants cared for in intensive care units compared to those in alternative designs?
The role of declining adaptive homeostasis in ageing
Authors: Pomatto Laura C. D. , Davies Kelvin J. A.
Published: October 2017

Adaptive homeostasis is “the transient expansion or contraction of the homeostatic range for any given physiological parameter in response to exposure to sub‐toxic, non‐damaging, signalling molecules or events, or the removal or cessation of such molecules or events” (Davies, 2016). Adaptive homeostasis enables biological systems to make continuous short‐term adjustments for optimal functioning despite ever‐changing internal and external environments. Initiation of adaptation in response to an appropriate signal allows organisms to successfully cope with much greater, normally toxic, stresses. These short‐term responses are initiated following effective signals, including hypoxia, cold shock, heat shock, oxidative stress, exercise‐induced adaptation, caloric restriction, osmotic stress, mechanical stress, immune response, and even emotional stress. There is now substantial literature detailing a decline in adaptive homeostasis that, unfortunately, appears to manifest with ageing, especially in the last third of the lifespan. In this review, we present the hypothesis that one hallmark of the ageing process is a significant decline in adaptive homeostasis capacity. We discuss the mechanistic importance of diminished capacity for short‐term (reversible) adaptive responses (both biochemical and signal transduction/gene expression‐based) to changing internal and external conditions, for short‐term survival and for lifespan and healthspan. Studies of cultured mammalian cells, worms, flies, rodents, simians, apes, and even humans, all indicate declining adaptive homeostasis as a potential contributor to age‐dependent senescence, increased risk of disease, and even mortality. Emerging work points to Nrf2‐Keap1 signal transduction pathway inhibitors, including Bach1 and c‐Myc, both of whose tissue concentrations increase with age, as possible major causes for age‐dependent loss of adaptive homeostasis.

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LA CASA EN-CARNADA. ENTRE EL CUERPO EXPANDIDO Y EL CUERPO EXPUESTO
Authors: Mejía Amézquita Valentina
Published: October 2017

Este artículo surge de la investigación doctoral “La casa vivida o el mundo hecho por nosotros mismos. Una aproximación al diseño sobre las maneras de obrar la arquitectura cotidiana en San José, Manizales-Colombia”, en un intento por acercar el conocimiento disciplinar a las nociones subjetivas que determinan otras lógicas de construir mundo por medio de la materialidad del espacio doméstico. Este primer escenario de relación físico-simbólica del sujeto con el mundo halla en el cuerpo la condición de posibilidad de dicha relación o el “ahí” del “ser” con las cosas y, por ende, el mundo. Esta investigación cualitativa, guiada por la etnometodología, subvierte las lógicas usualmente utilizadas en las aproximaciones a los hechos arquitectónicos como productos de la cultura y deja entrever la valía de las lógicas poiéticas de los procesos creativos del obrar otro y su vínculo inalienable con las dinámicas de la vida cotidiana.
PLANIFICACIÓN URBANA Y CALIDAD DE VIDA: APROXIMACIÓN AL ESTADO DE LA PLANIFICACIÓN LOCAL EN CHILE
Authors: Orellana Arturo , Vicuña Magdalena , Moris Roberto
Published: October 2017

Las modificaciones normativas en la planificación urbana a escala local deberían tener alguna relación con la calidad de vida urbana en las áreas metropolitanas de Chile. Sin embargo, en la literatura no existe mayor evidencia que lo demuestre. Se toman como referencia 48 comunas correspondientes al Gran Santiago, Gran Valparaíso y Gran Concepción, en un contexto temporal de democracia plena entre 1990 y 2013. A partir de la revisión y clasificación de las modificaciones en los planes reguladores comunales, se analiza por medio de estadígrafos que permiten comparar la naturaleza de las modificaciones con los perfiles de calidad de vida de las comunas en la actualidad, lo que arroja importante evidencia acerca de la manera como inciden en esta materia los Gobiernos locales mediante el principal instrumento de planificación urbana en Chile.
Después de la guerra: otra Medellín. Ciudadanías comunicativas, apropiación urbana y resignificación de espacios públicos en clave de memoria y posconflicto
Authors: Tamayo Gómez Camilo , Navarro Bohórquez Daniela
Published: October 2017

Esta investigación analiza acciones particulares de ciudadanías comunicativas de la sociedad civil: maniobras desarrolladas en medio de la contienda por la apropiación del espacio público en zonas urbanas que han padecido altos índices de violencia en la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Principalmente, esta pesquisa indaga por cómo diversas acciones de ciudadanías comunicativas generan procesos de construcción de memoria colectiva, inclusión social, reconocimiento de las diferencias y reclamación de derechos humanos por parte de públicos subalternos en la arena pública.
Introducing three dimensions of audience fragmentation
Authors: Roncallo Dow Sergio , Arango-Forero Germán Antonio
Published: October 2017

Audience fragmentation has become a recurrent theoretical framework in the early 21 Century, used mainly to depict the new complex and dynamic relationships established between media and consumers. However, some academic studies have been published which expand on the meanings and implications of the so called fragmentation from the audience perspective. This paper is based on empirical research undertaken in Colombia, among young people (17-24 year-olds) who live in the ten most important urban areas of this country located at the north-west corner of South America. A mixed methodology was used, combining quantitative and qualitative methods with a statistical sample. Conclusions support a theoretical proposal based on what the authors call the three dimensions of audiences’ fragmentation: intramedia, intermedia and transmedia fragmentation as a way to understand the new relationships established between media content producers and active and participative consumers.
El diálogo ecuménico animado desde el Celam
Authors: Merino-Beas Patricio
Published: October 2017

Este escrito es fruto de una investigación documental y bibliográfica realizada en el archivo general del Consejo Episcopal Latinoamericano, Celam. Se centra en el aporte que, en sus sesenta años de historia, este ha realizado en el ámbito del diálogo ecuménico. Muestra a las personas involucradas en el proceso, los aportes de las asambleas generales del episcopado, los principales énfasis teológicos y de pastoral ecuménica; y destaca la evolución de los conceptos, el influjo de la eclesiología de comunión y del discipulado misionero.
Gregorio de Nisa y el ejercicio de inculturación de la teología
Authors: Solano-Pinzón Orlando
Published: October 2017

Este artículo continúa la indagación sobre el ejercicio de inculturación de la teología en el quehacer teológico de Gregorio de Nisa en su obra De vita Moysis. Se busca mostrar la forma como este autor dialogó con la cultura de su época y su aporte en el esfuerzo por hacer inteligible la fe cristiana. Como son muchos los elementos culturales implicados en su obra, se ofrece como ejemplo la referencia al mito de la caverna.
Thermal stability and small-signal characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with gate insertion metal layer for millimeter-wave applications
Authors: Kim Dong-Hwan , Eom Su-Keun , Jeong Jun-Seok , Lee Jae-Gil , Seo Kwang-Seok , Cha Ho-Young
Published: October 2017

The effect that insertion gate metals have on GaN millimeter-wave devices undergoing a postmetallization annealing (PMA) process was investigated. It was found that the PMA process increases the gate resistance (Rg), which is responsible for a decrease in the maximum oscillation frequency (fmax). The resistance was examined as a function of line patterns containing various gate metal stacks, including Ni/Au and Ni/Mo/Au, before and after annealing from a low temperature to 550 °C. The metal stack with an Mo insertion layer effectively suppressed Au diffusion into GaN and reduced the increase in the gate metal resistance. For the fabricated AlGaN/GaN-on-Si high-electron-mobility transistors with a Ni/Mo/Au gate, stable gate reliability, improved current collapse characteristics, and small-signal characteristics were also achieved compared to those of the Ni/Au gate.
Dicarboxylic acids analyzed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Part 0: Ethanedioic acid
Authors: Trindade Gustavo F. , Ferreira Jose M. , Abel Marie-Laure , Baker Mark A. , Watts John F.
Published: October 2017

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry was carried out to analyze a commercially available ethanedioic acid (oxalic acid) powder. Positive and negative polarity ion spectra were obtained using a 25 keV Bi3+ ion beam rastered over areas of 50 × 50 μm2. The main observed ions were the protonated molecule [M+H]+ at 91 Da and the deprotonated molecule [M-H]− at 89 Da with their respective oligomers.
Distinguishing a Majorana zero mode using spin-resolved measurements
Authors: Jeon Sangjun , Xie Yonglong , Li Jian , Wang Zhijun , Bernevig B. Andrei , Yazdani Ali
Published: October 2017

Topological or trivial?

Evidence for Majorana bound states (MBS), which are expected to provide a platform for topological quantum computing, has been found in several material systems. Typically, the experimental signature is a peak in the spectrum at zero energy, but mechanisms other than MBS need to be carefully ruled out. Using spin-polarized scanning tunneling spectroscopy, Jeon
et al.
studied chains of iron atoms deposited on superconducting lead and found a more distinctive signature of the topological states. Unlike trivial zero-energy states, MBS exhibited a characteristic spin-polarization signal.

Science
, this issue p.
772
Nonreciprocal lasing in topological cavities of arbitrary geometries
Authors: Bahari Babak , Ndao Abdoulaye , Vallini Felipe , El Amili Abdelkrim , Fainman Yeshaiahu , Kanté Boubacar
Published: October 2017

Topological lasing

Resonant cavities that confine light are crucial components of lasers. Typically, these cavities are designed to high specification to get the best possible output. That, however, can limit their integration into photonic devices and optical circuits. Bahari
et al.
fabricated resonant cavities of arbitrary shape within a hybrid photonic crystal structure. The confinement of light to topologically protected edge states resulted in lasing at communication wavelengths. Relaxing the resonant cavity design criteria should be useful in designing photonic devices.

Science
, this issue p.
636
Crystal structure of a TAPBPR–MHC I complex reveals the mechanism of peptide editing in antigen presentation
Authors: Jiang Jiansheng , Natarajan Kannan , Boyd Lisa F. , Morozov Giora I. , Mage Michael G. , Margulies David H.
Published: October 2017

Two snapshots of the TAPBPR-MHC I complex

Cytotoxic CD8
+
T cells recognize infected and cancerous cells by scrutinizing the antigenic peptides presented by the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I). Peptide binding and exchange occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum in a sequence of events mediated by the chaperones tapasin and TAPBPR (see the Perspective by Cresswell). Thomas and Tampé resolved the crystal structure of the TAPBPR-MHC I editing complex by using a photocleavable high-affinity peptide to stabilize the MHC molecule. Jiang
et al.
crystalized MHC I molecules inhabited by truncated disulfide-linked peptides that still permit TAPBPR to bind. These complimentary snapshots elucidate the dynamic process by which chaperones stabilize the groove of peptide-free MHC I molecules. This helps MHC I sample peptide candidates and facilitates the generation of peptide repertoires enriched with high-affinity antigenic peptides.

Science
, this issue p.
1060
, p.
1064
; see also p.
992
Chloroplast Genome Sequences of Seven Strains of the Bloom-Forming Raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo
Authors: Seoane Sergio , Hyodo Kiwamu , Ueki Shoko
Published: October 2017

We report here the complete chloroplast genome sequences of seven strains of the bloom-forming raphidophyte
Heterosigma akashiwo
. These ~160-kb sequences contain 124 protein-, 6 rRNA-, and 34 tRNA-coding sequences. Notable sequence variations were observed among these seven sequenced and two previously characterized strains.
Complete Genome Sequences of Four
Brucella
Strains Isolated from China
Authors: Yang Xiaowen , Cao Xiaofang , Wang Ning , Wang Jiawei , Bie Pengfei , Lyu Yanli , Wu Qingmin
Published: October 2017

Brucella
spp. are facultative intracellular pathogens that cause a contagious zoonotic disease. Twelve different species are currently identified. This study presents the complete genome sequences of four
Brucella
strains. These complete genomes were annotated and the contents compared to those of other strains isolated from China.
Two Complete Sequences for Genomes of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Genotype ON1 Field Strains from Beijing, China
Authors: Cui Guanglin , Zhu Runan , Deng Jie , Qian Yuan
Published: October 2017

Here, we report the complete sequences for genomes of two human respiratory syncytial virus field strains. It was determined by sequence alignment and phylogenetics that they belong to genotype ON1, characterized by a 72-nucleotide duplication in the C termini of the attachment protein G genes.
Complete Genome Sequence of Super Biofilm-Elaborating Staphylococcus aureus Isolated in Japan
Authors: Yu Liansheng , Hisatsune Junzo , Hirakawa Hideki , Mizumachi Emiri , Toyoda Atsushi , Yahara Koji , Sugai Motoyuki
Published: October 2017

Staphylococcus aureus
JP080, previously named TF2758, is a clinical isolate from an atheroma and a super biofilm-elaborating strain whose biofilm elaboration is dependent solely on polysaccharide poly-
N
-acetylglucosamine/polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PNAG/PIA). Here, we report the complete genome sequence of strain JP080, which consists of one chromosome and one circular plasmid.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Novel Sub-Antarctic
Williamsia
Species
Authors: Nahar Akhikun , Baker Anthony L. , Charleston Michael A. , Bowman John P. , Britz Margaret L.
Published: October 2017

Illumina MiSeq shotgun sequencing technology was used to sequence the genomes of two novel sub-Antarctic
Williamsia
species, designated strains 1135 and 1138. The estimated genome sizes for strains 1135 and 1138 are 5.99 Mb and 6.08 Mb, respectively. This genome sequence information will aid in understanding the lipid metabolic pathways of cold-tolerant
Williamsia
species.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus aryabhattai Strain PHB10, a Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)-Accumulating Bacterium Isolated from Domestic Sewerage
Authors: Balakrishna Pillai Aneesh , Jaya Kumar Arjun , Thulasi Kavitha , Reghunathan Dinesh , Prasannakumar Manoj , Kumarapillai Harikrishnan
Published: October 2017

Bacillus aryabhattai
PHB10 is a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)-accumulating bacterium isolated from domestic sewerage. Here, we report the 4.19-Mb draft genome sequence, with 4,050 protein-coding genes and a G+C content of 37.5%. This sequence will be helpful in the study of the high-level PHB accumulation mechanism of the strain.
Draft Genome Sequences of Nine Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Sequence Type 5 Isolates Obtained from Humans after Short-Term Swine Contact
Authors: Hau Samantha J. , Bayles Darrell O. , Alt David P. , Frana Timothy S. , Nicholson Tracy L.
Published: October 2017

Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(LA-MRSA) sequence type 5 (ST5) has raised concerns surrounding the potential for these isolates to colonize or cause disease in humans with swine contact. Here, we report draft genome sequences for nine LA-MRSA ST5 isolates obtained from humans after short term swine contact.
Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain Kagoshima No. 2, Used for Brewing the Japanese Distilled Spirit Shōchū
Authors: Mori Kazuki , Kadooka Chihiro , Masuda Chika , Muto Ai , Okutsu Kayu , Yoshizaki Yumiko , Takamine Kazunori , Futagami Taiki , Tamaki Hisanori
Published: October 2017

Here, we report a draft genome sequence of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
strain Kagoshima no. 2, which is used for brewing shōchū, a traditional distilled spirit in Japan. The genome data will facilitate an understanding of the evolutional traits and genetic background related to the characteristic features of strain Kagoshima no. 2.
Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas putida Strain ASAD, an Acetylsalicylic Acid-Degrading Bacterium
Authors: Parales Rebecca E. , Navara Rachita , Gettys Rebecca , Huang Jean J.
Published: October 2017

Pseudomonas putida
strain ASAD was isolated from compost because of its ability to utilize aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) as a carbon and energy source. We report the draft genome sequence of strain ASAD, with an estimated length of 6.9 Mb. Study of this isolate will provide insight into the aspirin biodegradation pathway.
Unexpected early radiographic findings associated with a ruptured blister-like carotid wall aneurysm
Authors: West James , Singh Jasmeet , Wolfe Stacey Q , Fargen Kyle M
Published: October 2017

A 33-year-old man presented with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage from a ruptured, blister-type sidewall internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm. Balloon-assisted coiling was performed with residual neck. He subsequently developed severe vasospasm requiring intra-arterial therapies on multiple occasions, during which it was noted that despite widespread vasospasm, a focal segment of the ICA at the site of the aneurysm showed no significant spasm, suggesting underlying vessel abnormality. He was discharged without deficit and scheduled for flow diversion given concern over this potentially pathologic segment of vessel. At time of scheduled flow diversion 6 weeks later, a de novo unstable-appearing 6 mm stalk-like pseudoaneurysm was identified in this segment. Both aneurysms and the diseased vessel were successfully treated with Pipeline stenting, with excellent clinical and angiographic result. This case highlights the need for close angiographic follow-up when there is a heterogeneous vasospastic response in arterial segments adjacent to a ruptured aneurysm.
Prolapsed antrochoanal polyp: an unusual cause of acute adult respiratory distress
Authors: Whittle Thomas Terence , Benzie Stuart , Graham Daniel
Published: October 2017

Here we describe an adult male who presented with acute dyspnoea and airway occlusion. Nasoendoscopy revealed a large antrochoanal polyp extending from his maxillary sinus to the level of the epiglottis. The patient underwent a successful semi-emergency polypectomy following initial stabilisation with medication.
Synergistic divergence: case series and literature review
Authors: Awadein Ahmed , Zedan Rasha Hamdallah
Published: October 2017

Background

To present the data of a series of patients with synergistic divergence, to propose a different modality of surgical correction and to perform a literature review of such a rare entity.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed on all patients who presented with unilateral or bilateral synergistic divergence to the Ophthalmology Department, Cairo University, during the period from January 2007 to July 2016. The demographic data, the results of sensorimotor examination, the surgical procedures performed and the ophthalmological as well as the systemic findings of all patients were collected and tabulated. PubMed was searched for patients with features of synergistic divergence.

Results

Thirteen patients with features of synergistic divergence were identified. The mean age of the patients was 8.9±10.1 years (range 1–40 years). Only one case was orthotropic in the primary position. Lateral rectus orbital wall fixation combined with 8–10 mm medial rectus resection was done in 10 patients. The mean follow-up was 6.6±7.7 months. Exotropia was significantly reduced in all patients. All patients had complete disappearance of synergistic divergence after surgery. A total of 78 patients with features of synergistic divergence were identified from PubMed. Surgery was done for 37 patients. Synergistic divergence disappeared in patients who had lateral rectus extirpation or orbital wall fixation.

Conclusion

Synergistic divergence is a challenging rare condition. We propose that lateral rectus orbital wall fixation combined with medial rectus resection both improves the alignment in primary position and eliminates the synergistic divergence in such patients.
Global shortage of neonatal and paediatric antibiotic trials: rapid review
Authors: Thompson Georgina , Barker Charlotte I , Folgori Laura , Bielicki Julia A , Bradley John S , Lutsar Irja , Sharland Mike
Published: October 2017

Objectives

There have been few clinical trials (CTs) on antibiotics that inform neonatal and paediatric drug labelling. The rate of unlicensed and off-label prescribing in paediatrics remains high. It is unclear whether the current neonatal and paediatric antibiotic research pipeline is adequate to inform optimal drug dosing. Using the ClinicalTrials.gov registry, this review aims to establish the current global status of antibiotic CTs in children up to 18 years of age.

Methods

Studies were identified using key word searches of the ClinicalTrials.gov registry and were manually filtered using prespecified inclusion/exclusion criteria.

Results

76 registered open CTs of antibiotics in children were identified globally; 23 (30%) were recruiting newborns (only 8 (11%) included preterm neonates), 52 (68%) infants and toddlers, 58 (76%) children and 54 (71%) adolescents. The majority of registered trials were late phase (10 (15%) phase 3 and 23 (35%) phase 4/pharmacovigilance). Two-thirds were sponsored by non-profit organisations, compared with pharmaceutical companies (50 (66%) vs 26 (34%), respectively). A greater proportion of non-profit funded trials were efficacy-based strategic trials (n=34, 68%), in comparison with industry-led trials, which were most often focused on safety or pharmacokinetic data (n=17, 65%). Only 2 of the 37 antibiotics listed on the May 2016 Pew Charitable Trusts antibiotic development pipeline, currently being studied in adults, appear to be currently recruiting in open paediatric CTs.

Conclusions

This review highlights that very few paediatric antibiotic CTs are being conducted globally, especially in neonates. There is a striking disparity noted between antibiotic drug development programmes in adults and children.
Pre-emptive ice cube cryotherapy for reducing pain from local anaesthetic injections for simple lacerations: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Song JaeWoo , Kim HyukHoon , Park EunJung , Ahn Jung Hwan , Yoon Eunhui , Lampotang Samsun , Gravenstein Nikolaus , Choi SangChun
Published: October 2017

Objective

Subcutaneous local anaesthetic injection can be painful to patients in the ED. We evaluated the effect of cryotherapy by application of an ice cube to the injection site prior to injection in patients with simple lacerations.

Methods

We conducted a prospective, randomised, controlled trial in consented patients with simple lacerations needing primary repair at a single emergency centre from April to July 2016. We randomly assigned patients undergoing repair for simple lacerations to either the cryotherapy group or the control group (standard care; no cryotherapy or other pretreatment of the injection site). In cryotherapy group subjects, we applied an ice cube (size: 1.5×1.5×1.5 cm) placed inside a sterile glove on the wound at the anticipated subcutaneous lidocaine injection site for 2 min prior to injection. The primary outcome was a subjective numeric rating (0–10 scale) of the perceived pain from the subcutaneous local anaesthetic injections. Secondary outcomes were (a) perceived pain on a numeric scale for cryotherapy itself, that is, pain from contact of the ice cube/glove with the skin and (b) the rate of complications after primary laceration repair.

Results

Fifty patients were enrolled, consented and randomised, with 25 in the cryotherapy group and 25 in the control group. The numeric rating scale for subcutaneous anaesthetic injections was median, IQR, 95% CI 2.0 (1 to 3.5), 1.81 to 3.47, respectively, in the cryotherapy group and 5.0 (3 to 7), 3.91 to 6.05 in the control group (Mann-Whitney U=147.50, p=0.001). No wound complications occurred in either group. The numeric rating scale for cryotherapy itself was median, IQR, 95% CI: 2.0 (1 to 3.5), 1.90 to 3.70.

Conclusion

Pre-emptive topical injection site cryotherapy lasting 2 min before subcutaneous local anaesthetic injections can significantly reduce perceived pain from subcutaneous local anaesthetic injections in patients presenting for simple laceration repair.

Trial registration number

KCT0001990.
Boxelder tree (Acer negundo) intoxication in fallow deer (Dama dama) and Dutch Landrace goats (Capra aegagrus hircus)
Authors: Bos Jan Herman , Kik Marja JL , van der Kolk Johannes H , IJzer Jooske
Published: October 2017

Within 10 days of ingesting boxelder tree (Acer negundo) cuttings, seven fallow deer (Dama dama) died (n=2) or were euthanased (n=5) after showing signs of colic, anorexia and severe depression. Another fallow deer and two Dutch Landrace goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) simultaneously displayed colic signs but survived. Therapy included intramuscular flunixine meglumine. Postmortem investigation revealed subacute renal tubular necrosis and extensive lung oedema in all animals, and three deer had liver degeneration. The combination of clinical history and postmortem findings lead to the presumptive diagnosis of maple leaf intoxication as described in equids. This is the first report of likely boxelder tree (A negundo) intoxication in animals and the first report of maple leaf intoxication in fallow deer and goats.