bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Posttraumatic cognitions and sexual assault: Understanding the role of cognition type in posttraumatic stress symptoms and problematic alcohol use
Authors: Lehinger Elizabeth , Bedard‐Gilligan Michele , Holloway Ash , Kaysen Debra
Published: August 2022

Identifying potential mechanisms underlying the association between posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and problematic alcohol use is an important target among college women who have experienced sexual assault. This study examined the role of posttraumatic cognitions in this association among college women (N = 530) who experienced either an alcohol‐involved assault or non–alcohol‐involved assault, using baseline assessment data from a larger study examining cognitive and emotional risk factors for problem drinking. Conditional path analysis was used to examine the indirect effects of posttraumatic cognitions on the association between PTSS and alcohol use consequences, with assault type as a moderator. The findings revealed a significant indirect path from PTSS to alcohol use consequences through posttraumatic cognitions, B = 0.21, SE = 0.04, p < .001, 95% CI [0.13, 0.29], β = .16, R2 = .32. Exploratory analyses revealed a significant conditional indirect effect through self‐blame cognitions, R2 = .31, whereby the indirect effect of self‐blame on the association between posttraumatic stress and alcohol consequences was present among participants who experienced alcohol‐involved assault, B = 0.10, SE = 0.03, p < .001, 95% CI [0.06, 0.16], β = .07, but not among those who experienced a non–alcohol‐involved assault, B = 0.03, SE = 0.03, p = 0.32, 95% CI [−0.02, 0.08], β = .02. Posttraumatic cognitions are a potential mechanism underlying the link between posttraumatic stress and alcohol consequences. Addressing posttraumatic cognitions, particularly those related to self‐blame, may be an important target for interventions promoting healthy recovery following alcohol‐involved assault.
Shear Wave Elastography for Detecting Calf Muscle Stiffness: An Effective Tool for Assessing Sarcopenia
Authors: Wang Zecheng , Lyu Guorong , Zhong Huohu , Yan Lisheng , Xu Zhenhong
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To explore the feasibility of shear wave elastography for evaluating sarcopenia.

Methods

The shear wave velocities (SWV) of the tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius, and soleus were measured in 130 subjects in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from January 2021 to June 2022. Consistency was evaluated in 20 cases using the intraclass correlation coefficient. According to the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia（AWGS） diagnostic criteria, the patients were divided into a healthy and a sarcopenia group. The differences in SWV between the two groups were compared, and their correlation between calf muscles and muscle mass, grip strength, and pace were analyzed. The diagnostic cutoff value of calf muscle SWV for sarcopenia was obtained using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and the diagnostic efficacy of different ROC curves was compared.

Results

The SWV inter‐group and intra‐group correlation coefficients of the three lower limbs muscles were all greater than 0.85. Moreover, the corresponding SWV in the sarcopenia group were significantly smaller than those in the healthy control group (P < .05). Further, SWV were positively correlated with the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), grip strength, and gait speed. Finally, the SWV of the anterior tibialis and medial gastrocnemius muscles were 3.02 and 2.26 m/s, respectively, and their diagnostic efficacy for sarcopenia did not differ significantly (Z = 0.190, P = .8497).

Conclusion

SWE can be used to detect the hardness of the anterior tibialis and medial gastrocnemius, calculate their muscle mass as an effective tool to evaluate sarcopenia.
Co‐occurrence of browning and oligotrophication in a boreal stream network
Authors: Mosquera Virginia , Hasselquist Eliza Maher , Sponseller Ryan A. , Laudon Hjalmar
Published: August 2022

The relative supply of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) to freshwater ecosystems is of fundamental importance to aquatic productivity, nutrient cycling, and food web dynamics. In northern landscapes, ongoing climate change, as well as legacies from atmospheric deposition, have the potential to drive changes in how these elements are recycled on land and exported to streams. While it is well established that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations have increased in many high latitude streams, the simultaneous trends for N and P and the ratios among these resources, are not well documented. We used data from 13 sites in a boreal stream network to analyze decadal‐scale changes in dissolved inorganic N (DIN), dissolved organic N (DON), and dissolved inorganic P (DIP) concentrations and partition these trends seasonally. We observed widespread declines for DIP and DIN in streams, regardless of catchment characteristics. DIN decline was strongest during the growing season, and together with increases in DOC/DON at several sites, suggests increasing N retention by plants and soil microbes across this landscape. By contrast, declines for DIP occurred primarily during late autumn and winter, indicating that key biogeochemical changes are also occurring during non‐growing season. Linking these trends to increases in DOC concentration in streams revealed changes in the ratio of energy to nutrient supply for the majority of sites, becoming richer in carbon and poorer in limiting nutrients over time. Overall, our observations from this stream network point to ongoing oligotrophication, with possible consequences for aquatic ecosystems in boreal landscapes.
Monitoring and mitigating corrosion in geothermal systems
Authors: Schott Tiphaine , Liautaud Françoise
Published: August 2022

In terms of current needs for renewable resources, geothermal energy is one of the future solutions for heat and electricity generation. However, geothermal plants are exposed to very aggressive media (high‐temperature [HT], salt‐rich fluid, etc.), leading to extensive corrosion of the metallic parts. Should the corrosion inhibitors work at HT, their injection would be mandatory to ensure the reasonable lifetime of geothermal plants. The first part of this review concerns the degradations observed in geothermal plants, which depend on the site properties and the methods for evaluating the corrosion intensity of such systems. Autoclave experiments, although rarely used for geothermal applications, maybe the most appropriate to measure the representative corrosion rate, that is, under use temperature and pressure conditions. In the second part, clues to evaluate the performance and mechanism of corrosion inhibitors are mentioned, and molecules already used to protect steel are reported. However, this review also highlights the lack of data on HT inhibitors, especially for geothermal applications, where the efficiency of a given molecule is strongly related to the real medium. Thus, the protection of new geothermal plants where HT is reached requires the search for products that are stable and efficient under such conditions.
A 1 THz Schottky transceiver front‐end based on 5 μm GaAs monolithic membrane
Authors: He Yue , Li Li , Liu Ge , Tian Yaoling , Zhou Ren , Su Wei
Published: August 2022

A Schottky diode‐based 1 THz Schottky transceiver front end is designed, fabricated, and measured. The terahertz mixer and tripler are fabricated with a 5 μm‐thick GaAs monolithic Schottky technology. Compact passive filter and matching network are designed to reduce the loss of transmission route. At 300 K ambient temperature, the measured minimum double‐side band noise temperature and conversion loss of 1 THz subharmonic mixer are <5000 K and 13 dB, respectively. At self‐developed available pump source, the measured maximum output power of 1 THz monolithic tripler is over 70 μW and the average output power from 960 to 1030 GHz is 35 μW. The accomplished 1 THz monolithic circuits have proved the feasibility of the proposed design process, which have certain reference value for higher frequency solid‐state Schottky‐based circuit.
A novel lightweight tubular receiver for drone wireless charging system
Authors: Cao Pengcheng , Lu Yong , Lu Changbo , Wu Shuai , Cai Chunwei
Published: August 2022

In the research of drone wireless charging, the lightweight design of the wireless charging device has a large impact on the overall performance of the drone. To realize the lightweight, the tubular coil, which caused by high‐frequency excitation to produce skin effect in the conductor becomes a way to optimize the weight of the receiver coil. This paper proposes an aluminum tube with a thin copper layer plated on the surface as a drone receiver coil and landing gear. This solution can not only replace the original bracket but also be lightweight and obtain high coupling coefficient. Experiments show that this novel receiver can receive power up to 30 W at 250 kHz excitation source with 78% average transmission efficiency and has good antimisalignment ability. This new tubular coupler is more suitable for the demand of lightweight wireless charging for drones.
MicroRNA21 inhibition affects porcine oocyte maturation and alters protein expression critical for metabolic pathway function
Authors: Li Yunsheng , Adur Malavika K. , Lonergan Steven M. , Keating Aileen F. , Ross Jason W.
Published: August 2022

MicroRNA21 (MIR21) abundance in porcine oocytes and cumulus cells increases during in vitro maturation. The mechanism by which MIR21 regulates oocyte maturation and the effect on the developmental competence of subsequent embryos remains unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the function of MIR21 during porcine oocyte maturation and its effect on embryonic development. Treatment with peptide nucleic acid MIR21 inhibitor (MIR21‐PNA), designed to specifically bind to and prevent MIR21 activity during in vitro oocyte maturation, decreased cumulus cell expansion, and the oocyte ability to achieve metaphase II maturation stage when compared to control groups. Following parthenogenetic activation, the cleavage rate at 48 h in the MIR21‐PNA group was decreased (p ≤ 0.03) relative to the control groups. Additionally, liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) of oocyte and cumulus cell total protein following MIR21‐PNA treatment during in vitro maturation identified changes in signaling pathways with primary involvement of glucose metabolism (GM) pathways. Furthermore, there was no difference (p = 0.21) in oocyte maturation of control and MIR21‐PNA treated oocytes when cultured in pyruvate lacking medium. Finally, MIR21‐PNA treatment decreased (p = 0.04) glutathione and increased (p = 0.07) reactive oxygen species production in the oocyte. These data suggest that MIR21 influences porcine oocyte maturation by regulating GM pathways in the cumulus–oocyte complex.
Mechanical, absorption, and swelling properties of jute/kenaf/banana reinforced epoxy hybrid composites: Influence of various stacking sequences
Authors: Thiagamani Senthil Muthu Kumar , Pulikkalparambil Harikrishnan , Siengchin Suchart , Ilyas Rushdan Ahmad , Krishnasamy Senthilkumar , Muthukumar Chandrasekar , Radzi A. M. , Rangappa Sanjay Mavinkere
Published: August 2022

The effect of jute, kenaf, and banana fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites with different stacking sequences were fabricated by compression molding techniques. The pure epoxy, pure jute, pure kenaf, pure banana composites are also fabricated for comparison purposes. Tensile, flexural, inter‐laminar shear strengths, and hardness properties of the fabricated composites were investigated. Physical parameters like density, water absorption, and thickness swelling were also examined. From mechanical properties, the results are evident that when compared to hybrid composites pure banana composites have the highest tensile, flexural, interlaminar shear strength and shore D hardness value of 41, 67, 18, and 86 MPa respectively. Also, pure banana composites have better water absorption and thickness swelling percentage of 4% and 1.6%. However, KBJJBK hybrid composites exhibit a maximum tensile strength of 34 MPa, flexural strength of 54 MPa. Further BJKKJB hybrid composites possess the highest hardness value of 87, intralaminar shear strength of 17 MPa and lowest water absorption of 8% and thickness swelling percentage of 2%. Certain pure and hybrid configuration have enhanced mechanical strength, stiffness, and lower water absorption and thickness swelling properties, indicating that they are suitable for automotive structural applications.
Successful rechallenge with clozapine after discontinuation due to drug‐induced pneumonia: A case report
Authors: Kikuchi Yuki , Komatsu Hiroshi , Sakuma Atsushi , Tanifuji Hiroaki , Tomita Hiroaki
Published: August 2022

Background

There have been a limited number of case reports of clozapine‐induced pneumonia. Few have reported rechallenging of clozapine after discontinuation due to the side‐effect.

Case Presentation

A 43‐year‐old man was diagnosed with schizophrenia after developing auditory hallucinations and delusions of persecution and reference. After diagnosing him with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia, clozapine was started. From a starting dose of 12.5 mg/day, we increased it by 25 mg every 2–3 days to reach 150 mg/day by Day 15. On Day 17, his body temperature suddenly rose to 39.6°C (103.3°F) without any other apparent physical symptoms. Blood biochemistry testing showed elevated C‐reactive protein (CRP) and high counts of leukocytes and neutrophils, but not eosinophils. Chest computed tomography revealed ground‐glass opacities in the lower lobes of both lungs. Suspecting bacterial pneumonia, we started him on levofloxacin 500 mg/day. However, pneumonia exacerbated, and eosinophilia became apparent 5 days after the onset of fever. We suspected acute eosinophilic pneumonia induced by clozapine and discontinued its administration the same day. The patient clinically recovered the next day after stopping clozapine. After stopping clozapine, his psychiatric symptoms, such as persecutory/referential delusions, irritability, and polydipsia, became worse. We decided to rechallenge with clozapine in incremental doses slower than the standard protocol, along with careful monitoring of CRP and eosinophil counts. Pneumonia has not recurred, and his psychiatric symptoms have been well managed.

Conclusion

Our experience suggests that some patients with inflammatory reactions to clozapine can still take the drug if it is reintroduced with caution.
Mutual information analysis of mutation, nonlinearity, and triple interactions in proteins
Authors: Erman Burak
Published: August 2022

Mutations are the cause of several diseases as well as the underlying force of evolution. A thorough understanding of their biophysical consequences is essential. We present a computational framework for evaluating different levels of mutual information (MI) and its dependence on mutation. We used molecular dynamics trajectories of the third PDZ domain and its different mutations. Nonlinear MI between all residue pairs are calculated by tensor Hermite polynomials up to the fifth order and compared with results from multivariate Gaussian distribution of joint probabilities. We show that MI is written as the sum of a Gaussian and a nonlinear component. Results for the PDZ domain show that the Gaussian term gives a sufficiently accurate representation of MI when compared with nonlinear terms up to the fifth order. Changes in MI between residue pairs show the characteristic patterns resulting from specific mutations. Emergence of new peaks in the MI versus residue index plots of mutated PDZ shows how mutation may change allosteric pathways. Triple correlations are characterized by evaluating MI between triplets of residues. We observed that certain triplets are strongly affected by mutation. Susceptibility of residues to perturbation is obtained by MI and discussed in terms of linear response theory.
Antiviral modes of action of the novel compound GLY‐15 containing pyrimidine heterocycle and moroxydine skeleton against tobacco mosaic virus
Authors: Yu Miao , Liu He , Guo Longyu , Zhou Tao , Shan Yuhang , Xia Zihao , Li Xinghai , An Mengnan , Wu Yuanhua
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Plant virus diseases are difficult to prevent and control, causing serious economic losses to the agricultural production world. To develop new pesticides with antiviral activity, a serial of compounds containing the structure of pyrimidine and moroxydine were synthesized, among which GLY‐15 exhibited good antiviral activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), while the mechanism of antiviral activity remains to be clarified.

RESULTS

GLY‐15 treatment significantly inhibited the formation of necrotic spots caused by TMV in Nicotiana glutinosa, and effectively suppressed the systemic transportation of TMV expressing a reporter gene (p35S‐30B:GFP) in N. benthamiana and markedly reduced the accumulation of a movement deficient TMV in plants as well as viral RNA accumulation in tobacco protoplasts. The results of RNA sequencing showed that GLY‐15 induced significant differential expression of genes or pathways involved in the stress response, defense response and signal transduction, phytohormone response and metabolism. Among them, real‐time quantitative PCR validated that the expression of 12 critical genes such as heat shock protein, receptor kinase, cell‐wall‐related protein, disease‐related protein and glucan endo‐1,3‐β‐glucosidase were significantly up‐regulated. In addition, GLY‐15 triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and induced the activity of several crucial defense related enzymes in plants. The results of molecular docking showed potential binding ability of GLY‐15 with TMV helicase and the coat protein.

CONCLUSION

This study provide valuable insights into antiviral mechanism of action for GLY‐15, which is expected to be applied as a pesticide for the management of plant viruses. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Recent Progress in Cesium‐Based Lead‐Free Halide Double Perovskite Materials for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Raj Abhishek , Kumar Manish , Anshul Avneesh
Published: August 2022

Perovskite materials have revolutionized photovoltaic technology and become the vanguard of current research owing to their facile solution processability and exceptional enhancement in power conversion efficiency (PCE), reaching 25.2% to date. Unfortunately, lead toxicity is the major hurdle for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for their scalability and prevalent commercialization. To tackle the toxicity issue, lead‐free perovskite and double perovskite materials are potential contenders in the photovoltaic world. Herein, a comprehensive study of lead‐free halide double perovskite materials with the formula A2BB’X6 is provided. Notably, the structure and design of the lead‐free light‐harvesting layer of Cs2BB’X6 is emphasized. Moreover, different organic–inorganic lead‐free halide double perovskite layers‐based solar devices are explored with their designed configurations and physical parameters. Finally, recent significant advancement in lead‐free double PSCs are reviewed, and the future outlook associated with lead‐free double perovskite devices is also deliberated to attain a promising pathway toward highly efficient and stable perovskite solar devices.
The development of a convolutional neural network for the automatic detection of Northern Bobwhite Colinus virginianus covey calls
Authors: Nolan Victoria , Scott Chris , Yeiser John M. , Wilhite Nathan , Howell Paige E. , Ingram Dallas , Martin James A.
Published: August 2022

Passive acoustic monitoring using Autonomous Recording Units (ARUs) is becoming a significant research tool for collecting large amounts of ecological data. Northern bobwhite Colinus virginianus is an economically important game bird whose declining populations are of conservation concern, so efforts to monitor bobwhite abundance using ARUs are being intensified. Yet, manual processing of ARU data is time consuming and often expensive, so developing automatic call detection methods is a key step in acoustic monitoring. We present here the first single species convolutional neural network (CNN) developed purely for automatic bobwhite covey call identification and classification. We demonstrate the value of meaningful data augmentation by including non‐target calls and background noise into our training dataset, as well as evaluating alternative CNN score thresholds and model extrapolation performance. We trained our CNN on 6,682 manually labeled covey calls across three groups of sites within the southeastern USA. Precision and AUC from both CNN classification and individual call detection was high (0.80–0.99), and our model showed strong extrapolation ability across site groups. However, extrapolation performance significantly decreased for sites that were more dissimilar to the training data set if our meaningful data augmentation process was omitted. Our CNN detected significantly more covey calls than manual labeling using Raven Pro software, and processing time was greatly reduced: a single one hour wav file can be now analyzed by the CNN in roughly eight seconds. We also demonstrate using a simple case study that extremely high variability in estimates of bobwhite site occupancy and detection are obtained depending on the method of acoustic data processing (manual versus CNN). Our results suggest that our CNN provides robust and time‐saving analysis of bobwhite covey call acoustic data and can be applied to future research and monitoring projects with high confidence in the performance of the model.
A Naphthol and Nitroaniline‐Based Dual‐target Chemosensorfor Fluorometric Sensing of Al3+ and Colorimetric Sensing of Fe3+
Authors: Moon Sungjin , Lee Minji , Kim Cheal
Published: August 2022

A naphthol and nitro‐aniline‐based fluorometric and colorimetric chemosensor BHMN, 1,1‐bis(2‐(((E)‐(2‐hydroxy naphthalene‐1‐yl)methylene)amino)ethyl)‐3‐(4‐nitrophenyl)thiourea, was synthesized. Sensor BHMN detected Al3+ with fluorescence turn‐on and Fe3+ via color variation of colorless to purple. Binding ratios of BHMN to Al3+ and Fe3+ turned out to be 1 : 1. Detection limits for Al3+ and Fe3+ by BHMN were analyzed to be 8.22 μM and 3.10 μM. Additionally, the naked‐eye test strip was applied for sensing Fe3+ and showed that BHMN could effectively discriminate Fe3+ from Fe2+ and other cations. The binding mechanisms of BHMN to Al3+ and Fe3+ were identified by ESI‐mass, Job plot, NMR titration, and DFT calculations.
Synthesis and Cytotoxic Effects of 3,6‐Bis‐indolyl 2,5‐Dihydroxybenzoquinone Acetates
Authors: Tsanakopoulou Maria , Dalezis Panagiotis , Karakousi Christina‐Vasiliki , Schina Dionysia , Trafalis Dimitris , Malamidou‐Xenikaki Elizabeth , Sarli Vasiliki
Published: August 2022

The synthesis of a novel series of indolyl‐2,5‐dihydroxybenzoquinone derivatives, analogues of asterriquinones, is reported together with their antiproliferative activity against various carcinoma cell lines, such as A549, MCF7, Hcc827 and PC3. For the synthesis, acid catalyzed reactions of 2,5‐diacetoxybenzoquinone with 2‐methyl and 1,2‐dimethyl indole have been employed. Ten compounds have been tested and exhibited differential activity across the various cell lines. Derivative 7 b was the most cytotoxic with an IC50 value of 25±2.0 μΜ against A549 cancer cells and was more active than cisplatin in PC3 cells (IC50 value of 38±1.5 μΜ). The activity and selectivity of the tested compounds depends both on the number of indole units, the presence of protected hydroxyl groups on 1,4‐benzoquinone and N−Me groups on indole.
Methylene Spacer Mediated Detection Switch Between Copper and Zinc Ions by Two Coumarin‐Pyrene Based Chemosensors
Authors: Singh Devender , Ibrahim Annan , Kumar Pramod , Gupta Rajeev
Published: August 2022

Pyrene linked‐coumarin based fluorescent chemosensors L1 and L2 are utilized for the selective detection of Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions, respectively. Both chemosensors differed by a methylene spacer that connects the coumarin and pyrene rings through an imine group. The inclusion of methylene spacer dramatically changed the detection profiles of two chemosensors. While L1 showed fluorescence “turn‐off” response towards the Cu2+ ion; L2 showed “turn‐on” emission enhancement with the Zn2+ ion. Both chemosensors illustrated nano‐molar detection limits and were selective even in the presence of other competing metal ions. The 1 : 1 stoichiometry between a chemosensor and Cu2+/Zn2+ ion was supported by the binding studies, Job's plot, NMR spectral titrations, mass spectra and density functional theory (DFT) studies. The detection ability of both chemosensors was utilized by fabricating the filter paper test‐strips as well as polystyrene films for quick and visual monitoring of these ions in different water samples. Chemosensor L2 was further utilized for the “turn‐on” detection of Zn2+ ion in HepG2 cells whereas solution generated L2‐Zn species functioned as a secondary chemosensor for the detection of cystine, an important amino acid.
Vectorized and performance‐portable quicksort
Authors: Wassenberg Jan , Blacher Mark , Giesen Joachim , Sanders Peter
Published: August 2022

Recent works showed that implementations of quicksort using vector CPU instructions can outperform the non‐vectorized algorithms in widespread use. However, these implementations are typically single‐threaded, implemented for a particular instruction set, and restricted to a small set of key types. We lift these three restrictions: our proposedvqsortalgorithm integrates into the state‐of‐the‐art parallel sorter , with a geometric mean speedup of 1.59. The same implementation works on seven instruction sets (including SVE and RISC‐V V) across four platforms. It also supports floating‐point and 16–128 bit integer keys. To the best of our knowledge, this is the fastest sort for large arrays of non‐tuple keys on CPUs, up to 20 times as fast as the sorting algorithms implemented in standard libraries. This article focuses on the practical engineering aspects enabling the speed and portability, which we have not yet seen demonstrated for a quicksort implementation. Furthermore, we introduce compact and transpose‐free sorting networks for in‐register sorting of small arrays, and a vector‐friendly pivot sampling strategy that is robust against adversarial input.
A note on universal inference
Authors: Tse Timmy , Davison Anthony C.
Published: August 2022

Universal inference enables the construction of confidence intervals and tests without regularity conditions by splitting the data into two parts and appealing to Markov's inequality. Previous investigations have shown that the cost of this generality is a loss of power in regular settings for testing simple hypotheses. The present paper makes three contributions. We first clarify the reasons for the loss of power and use a simple illustrative example to investigate how the split proportion optimizing the power depends on the nominal size of the test. We then show that the presence of nuisance parameters can severely impact the power and suggest a simple asymptotic improvement. Finally, we show that combining many data splits can also sharply diminish power.
Investigation of sectional capacities of cold‐formed perforated steel channel sections
Authors: Hieu Pham Ngoc
Published: August 2022

Web holes are commonly seen in cold‐formed steel channel sections to accommodate the technical services. The presence of the web holes has resulted in the reduction of the sectional capacities of the cold‐formed steel sections and has been considered in the design according to the American Specification AISI S100‐16 using a new approach in the design called the Direct Strength Method (DSM). This article, therefore, will use this design method to investigate the sectional capacities of perforated channel sections under compression or bending with the variation of hole sizes in relation to those of gross channel sections. Elastic buckling analysis – a compulsory requirement for application of the DSM – can be conducted using a module CUFSM software program recently developed by the American Iron and Steel Institute. The investigated channel sections are taken from the availably commercial sections. The obtained sectional capacities are seen as the opposite trends for local and distortional buckling modes, although a downtrend of the sectional capacities is found in general with the increase of hole dimensions. It was found that perforated channel sections with smaller hole height and longer hole lengths were recommended to obtain the optimum section capacities in terms of the same web hole area, but the opposite trend was seen for these sections under bending with long hole lengths.
River-of-origin assignment of migratory Striped Bass, with implications for mixed-stock analysis
Authors: Wojtusik Kristopher J. , Berlinsky David L. , Kenter Linas W. , Kovach Adrienne I.
Published: August 2022

Objective

The Striped Bass Morone saxatilis is an anadromous teleost with a native range extending north from the Gulf of Mexico into Canadian waters. Far-ranging coastal migrations support one of the most popular recreational fisheries in the United States. Identifying the underlying population genetic structure of the spawning populations and the genetic markers capable of differentiating among them advances our understanding of these economically and ecologically important fish and enables more targeted management to occur.

Methods

We used a restriction site-associated DNA sequencing approach to identify neutral and adaptive single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and we determined the population genetic structure of 438 adult Striped Bass sampled from nine spawning locations along the Atlantic coast from the Roanoke River, United States, to the Miramichi River, Canada.

Result

The two Canadian populations (Shubenacadie and Miramichi rivers) were genetically distinct from U.S. populations and from each other. Neutral loci differentiated Striped Bass from U.S. waters into four genetically distinct populations: Roanoke River, Hudson–Kennebec River, Upper Chesapeake Bay–Potomac River–Delaware River, and Choptank River (eastern Chesapeake Bay). Outlier loci further differentiated the Delaware River from the Chesapeake Bay tributaries, suggesting that there may be local adaptation in the face of gene flow. We identified 1300 highly informative SNPs (the top 10% [with respect to the genetic differentiation index FST] of the full suite of 13,361 SNPs in our study) capable of assigning fish with at least 90% accuracy to their river of origin; through simulations, we established their applicability for conducting robust mixed-stock analyses of the coastal migratory Striped Bass fishery.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that neutral and adaptive loci together provide evidence for fine-scale population structure of migratory Striped Bass, and these loci provide the most informative genetic panel for mixed-stock analysis of Striped Bass to date, capable of assigning fish to their spawning river of origin.
Phylogenomics and generic limits of Dypsidinae (Arecaceae), the largest palm radiation in Madagascar
Authors: Eiserhardt Wolf L. , Bellot Sidonie , Cowan Robyn S. , Dransfield John , Hansen Lars Emil S.F. , Heyduk Karolina , Rabarijaona Romer N. , Rakotoarinivo Mijoro , Baker William J.
Published: August 2022

With 178 species, palm subtribe Dypsidinae is one of the largest plant radiations on Madagascar. A well‐resolved species‐level phylogeny is required not only to unpick the drivers of this spectacular radiation, but also to define natural and useful generic limits in this taxonomically difficult group. The only recent taxonomic revision of Dypsidinae recognised just four genera, including the large genus Dypsis (currently with 172 species), which was considered impossible to divide further based on morphology alone. Here we describe the first comprehensively sampled species‐level phylogeny of Dypsidinae, including 157 described species (88% of the subtribe) as well as 10 samples of uncertain taxonomic identity (potentially new to science). Our tree is based on target sequence capture data for 161 nuclear DNA loci. The phylogenetic relationships recovered render Dypsis s.l. paraphyletic, requiring the resurrection of two previously synonymised genera. In total, we recognise six genera in Dypsidinae (Dypsis, Chrysalidocarpus, Marojejya, Vonitra, Lemurophoenix, Masoala), all of which are monophyletic and consistent with morphology.
Recent developments in biosensing methods for extracellular vesicle protein characterization
Authors: Suthar Jugal , Taub Marissa , Carney Randy P. , Williams Gareth R. , Guldin Stefan
Published: August 2022

Research into extracellular vesicles (EVs) has grown significantly over the last few decades with EVs being widely regarded as a source of biomarkers for human health and disease with massive clinical potential. Secreted by every cell type in the body, EVs report on the internal cellular conditions across all tissue types. Their presence in readily accessible biofluids makes the potential of EV biosensing highly attractive as a noninvasive diagnostic platform via liquid biopsies. However, their small size (50–250 nm), inherent heterogeneity, and the complexity of the native biofluids introduce challenges for effective characterization, thus, limiting their clinical utility. This has led to a surge in the development of various novel EV biosensing techniques, with capabilities beyond those of conventional methods that have been directly transferred from cell biology. In this review, key detection principles used for EV biosensing are summarized, with a focus on some of the most recent and fundamental developments in the field over the last 5 years.

This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing

Diagnostic Tools > In Vitro Nanoparticle‐Based Sensing
Oxygen out, sulfur in: The alkali metal sulfidotungstates K2[WS4] and novel Na2[WS4] ⋅ 4 H2O
Authors: Knies Benjamin , Hartenbach Ingo
Published: August 2022

An attempt to synthesize a holmium sulfidotungstate using potassium polysulfides as reactive flux resulted in orange single crystals of K2[WS4], isotypic to K2[MoS4] (orthorhombic; Pnma; a=935.10(3), b=694.22(2), c=1221.85(4) pm; Z=4). A similar attempt to obtain a neodymium sulfidotungstate with sodium polysulfide yielded a violet substance, which underwent hydrolysis yielding orange‐yellow single crystals of Na2[WS4] ⋅ 4 H2O (monoclinic, C2/c, a=1098.08(4), b=904.46(3), c=1144.27(4) pm, β=101.577(3)°, Z=4). Further attempts to synthesize these products deliberately as single phase materials only proved to be successful for K2[WS4] but not for Na2[WS4] ⋅ 4 H2O. Both compounds contain non‐condensed [WS4]2− tetrahedra, which surround the alkali metal cations with coordination numbers of nine and eight in K2[WS4]. In Na2[WS4] ⋅ 4 H2O, the sodium cations are coordinated by two sulfide anions plus four water molecules, resulting in a coordination number of six. Besides crystal structure determination, infrared and single crystal Raman spectra were collected and the optical band gap of K2[WS4] was determined.
A thermodynamic framework for heat‐conducting flows of mixtures of two interacting fluids
Authors: Málek Josef , Souček Ondřej
Published: August 2022

Within the theory of interacting continua, we develop a model for a heat conducting mixture of two interacting fluids described in terms of the densities and the velocities for each fluid and the temperature field for the mixture as a whole. We use a general thermodynamic framework that determines the response of the material from the knowledge of two pieces of information, namely how the material stores the energy and how the entropy is produced. This information is expressed in the form of the constitutive equations for two scalars: the Helmholtz free energy and the entropy production. Additionally, we follow the goal to determine the response of a mixture from a small (minimal) set of material parameters, including shear viscosity, bulk viscosity and heat conductivity associated with the mixture as a whole and the drag coefficient connected with the interaction force between the constituents. The same thermodynamic approach is used to obtain the model when the mixture as a whole responses as an incompressible material. For both the compressible and incompressible mixtures, we investigate three variants stemming from different definitions of the (averaged) velocity associated with the mixture as a whole. We also address the issue of identification of boundary conditions for the individual constituents from the standard boundary conditions formulated in terms of the quantities associated with the mixture as a whole.
The Development of the “Vision Zero” Approach in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Cockfield Samantha , Healy David , Harris Anne , McIntyre Allison , Cavallo Antonietta
Published: August 2022

For many decades, road safety measures in Australia focused almost exclusively on behavioral approaches. When Claes Tingvall was appointed Director of MUARC, he introduced the concept of “Vision Zero” to Australia and, with it, the “Safe System” approach. While political leaders initially regarded a vision for zero deaths as unachievable, they supported the inherent logic of the Safe System.

Initially the Safe System was applied as four independent pillars. While this lack of integration had limitations, it did enable road safety measures to move beyond road user behavior to focus more on safer road infrastructure and vehicle safety.

The initial Safe System approach became “Towards Zero” an approach that accepts humans are fragile, and the road system designed to protect from death or serious injury was adopted across all Australia jurisdictions between 2004 and 2018.

Public education has been used to introduce and explain Towards Zero and bring greater attention to the importance of purchasing a safe vehicle. Infrastructure investment has moved from a “blackspot” approach to the Safe System approach. However, shifting community and decision-makers’ understanding of the importance of speed limits being set to match the safety standard and design of a road remains a challenge. Future opportunities involve better integration of the components of the Safe System, focusing on serious injuries and improving strategy delivery, performance reporting, management, and accountability.
Implementation and Dissemination Strategies for School-Based Suicide Prevention Programs
Authors: Ackerman John P. , Khoury Oula , Boddapati Samanta
Published: August 2022

There is a growing need for upstream suicide prevention in schools as well as guidance for program implementation that can maximize effectiveness and sustainability. This chapter highlights the benefits of using an implementation science framework to guide partnerships between schools, community partners, and healthcare organizations to enhance youth suicide prevention efforts. Examples illustrating this approach using the PAX Good Behavior Game and the Signs of Suicide Prevention Program (SOS) are described. Finally, policy implications and future directions are discussed.
Introduction
Authors: Marchetti Sabrina
Published: August 2022

This book wants to offer a systematic, rich and clear overview of the international debate on the importance of paid domestic and care work in contemporary migrations, as it has taken shape in the last 20 years. As will emerge in the following pages, the employment of migrant women in home-based care and cleaning work offers a paradigmatic example of the strong interlinkages between phenomena relating to gender, labour and migration, at the individual and collective levels.
Einleitung
Authors: Bruhn Svenja
Published: August 2022

Diese mathematikdidaktische Arbeit verfolgt zunächst das Ziel, das Konstrukt der Kreativität von Schüler*innen theoretisch aufzubereiten und so eine explizite Definition herauszuarbeiten. Diese soll sowohl für empirische Forschungszwecke als auch von Mathematiklehrkräften für die Beschreibung der Kreativität ihrer Schüler*innen im Sinne eines didaktischen Werkzeugs eingesetzt werden können. In einer sich anschließenden empirischen Studie sollen dann die folgenden Fragen beantwortet werden: Inwiefern kann die individuelle mathematische Kreativität von Erstklässler*innen bei der Bearbeitung offener Aufgaben qualitativ charakterisiert werden? Und, inwiefern können Lehrkräfte die Lernenden darin unterstützen, ihre Kreativität zu zeigen?
Einfluss der individuellen Voraussetzung der Erstklässler*innen auf deren individuelle mathematische Kreativität
Authors: Bruhn Svenja
Published: August 2022

Die umfangreichen Kontingenzanalysen konnten keine Abhängigkeiten zwischen den individuellen Voraussetzungen der Erstklässler*innen und ihrer individuellen mathematischen Kreativität aufzeigen. Dagegen verdeutlichten die weiterführenden qualitativen Analysen einen gewissen Zusammenhang zwischen den mathematischen Fähigkeiten der Erstklässler*innen und ihrer Kreativität beim Bearbeiten arithmetisch offener Aufgaben.
Zusammenfassung und Diskussion
Authors: Bruhn Svenja
Published: August 2022

Im Rahmen einer kritischen und reflexiven Diskussion meiner gesamten Dissertationsschrift werden sowohl forschungsrelevante als auch unterrichtspraktische Implikationen für das Konstrukt der individuellen mathematischen Kreativität von Schulkindern sowie Grenzen der vorliegenden Arbeit aufgezeigt. Dabei liegt der Beitrag dieser Studie zur aktuellen, nationalen mathematikdidaktischen Forschung insbesondere in der umfassenden theoretischen Aufbereitung des Begriffs der individuellen mathematischen Kreativität und der facettenreichen empirischen Beschreibung der Kreativität von Erstklässler*innen beim Bearbeiten arithmetisch offener Aufgaben.
Charakterisierung und Typisierung der individuellen mathematischen Kreativität von Erstklässler*innen
Authors: Bruhn Svenja
Published: August 2022

Als zentrales Forschungsergebnis wurde zunächst eine Charakterisierung der individuellen mathematischen Kreativität von Erstklässler*innen vorgenommen, aus der dann vier qualitativ verschiedene Kreativitätstypen entwickelt werden konnten, die das Spektrum kreativen Handelns junger Schulkinder bei der Bearbeitung arithmetisch offener Aufgaben abbilden. Als Ergänzung wurde zudem die statistische Zuordnung der Aufgabenbearbeitungen der 18 Erstklässler*innen zu den Kreativitätstypen betrachtet und eine vertiefende mathematisch-inhaltliche Analyse der Kreativitätstypen auf Ebene der von den Kindern gezeigten arithmetischen Ideentypen vorgenommen.
Marketing Online and Distance Learning
Authors: Jean-Louis Maxim
Published: August 2022

How do colleges and universities market online learning? This chapter explores contemporary approaches to marketing online courses and programs and uses the historical lens of marketing Athabasca courses and degrees as a backcloth for understanding the unique challenges for this work. The chapter introduces a new approach to the marketing funnel as well as an understanding of the growing importance of social media in marketing to potential learners. The growing global competition for learners is also explored. The growing use of analytics and the challenges of overcoming myths are also discussed. The chapter gives emphasis to the importance of retaining students as well as “capture” of a student registration.
Electroweak phase transition and gravitational waves in the type-II seesaw model
Authors: Zhou Ruiyu , Bian Ligong , Du Yong
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The type-II seesaw model is a possible candidate for simultaneously explaining non-vanishing neutrino masses and the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe. In this work, we study in detail the pattern of phase transition and the gravitational wave production of this model. We find a strong first-order electroweak phase transition generically prefers positive Higgs portal couplings and a light triplet below ~ 550 GeV. In addition, we find the gravitational wave yield generated during the phase transition would be at the edge of BBO sensitivity and could be further examined by Ultimate-DECIGO.
Evidence for an algebra of G2 instantons
Authors: Del Zotto Michele , Oh Jihwan , Zhou Yehao
Published: August 2022

Abstract

In this short note, we present some evidence towards the existence of an algebra of BPSG2instantons. These are instantonic configurations that govern the partition functions of 7d SYM theories on localG2holonomy manifolds$$ \mathcal{X} $$X. To shed light on such structure, we begin investigating the relation with parent 4d$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1 theories obtained by geometric engineering M-theory on$$ \mathcal{X} $$X. The main point of this paper is to substantiate the following dream: the holomorphic sector of such theories on multi-centered Taub-NUT spaces gives rise to an algebra whose characters organise theG2instanton partition function. As a first step towards this program we argue by string duality that a multitude of geometries$$ \mathcal{X} $$Xexist that are dual to well-known 4d SCFTs arising from D3 branes probes of CY cones: all these models are amenable to an analysis along the lines suggested by Dijkgraaf, Gukov, Neitzke and Vafa in the context of topological M-theory. Moreover, we discuss an interesting relation to Costello’s twisted M-theory, which arises at local patches, and is a key ingredient in identifying the relevant algebras.
Conformal bridge transformation, $$ \mathcal{PT} $$- and supersymmetry
Authors: Inzunza Luis , Plyushchay Mikhail S.
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Supersymmetric extensions of the 1D and 2D Swanson models are investigated by applying the conformal bridge transformation (CBT) to the first order Berry-Keating Hamiltonian multiplied by i and its conformally neutral enlargements. The CBT plays the role of the Dyson map that transforms the models into supersymmetric generalizations of the 1D and 2D harmonic oscillator systems, allowing us to define pseudo-Hermitian conjugation and a suitable inner product. In the 1D case, we construct a $$ \mathcal{PT} $$
PT
-invariant supersymmetric model with N subsystems by using the conformal generators of supersymmetric free particle, and identify its complete set of the true bosonic and fermionic integrals of motion. We also investigate an exotic N = 2 supersymmetric generalization, in which the higher order supercharges generate nonlinear superalgebras. We generalize the construction for the 2D case to obtain the $$ \mathcal{PT} $$
PT
-invariant supersymmetric systems that transform into the spin-1/2 Landau problem with and without an additional Aharonov-Bohm flux, where in the latter case, the well-defined integrals of motion appear only when the flux is quantized. We also build a 2D supersymmetric Hamiltonian related to the “exotic rotational invariant harmonic oscillator” system governed by a dynamical parameter γ. The bosonic and fermionic hidden symmetries for this model are shown to exist for rational values of γ.