bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conserving orthodox seeds of globally threatened plants ex situ in the Millennium Seed Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK: the status of seed collections
Authors: Liu Udayangani , Cossu Tiziana A. , Davies Rachael M. , Forest Félix , Dickie John B. , Breman Elinor
Published: June 2020

We reviewed the status of orthodox seed collections of globally threatened plants conserved in − 20 °C long-term storage at the Millennium Seed Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK in terms of their geographic and bioclimatic representativeness, taxonomic and genetic diversity, quality and physiological status. The comprehensive dataset used spans over 45 years of worldwide conservation effort across various organisations. The data provides evidence-based results and future directions for the represented globally threatened flora that are of relevance to all plant conservation and seed banking organisations across the globe. The reviewed sample includes 523 collections and represents a wide geographic range, originating from 67 countries, from all nine bio-geographic continents. The majority of collections originated from temperate climates and from habitats with no dry seasons but experiencing warm summer periods. The taxonomic composition of the collections highlighted a substantial diversity, with 303 taxa (four extinct in the wild; 56 critically endangered; 105 endangered; and 138 vulnerable) represented by 297 species, 199 genera and 74 families. Almost four fifths of the collections were harvested from wild habitats. Whilst wild-origin collections can harbour useful genes not available in the cultivated gene pool, for threatened plants both collections and taxa are likely to suffer from low genetic diversity as a low number of individual plants, populations and/or potentially viable or usable seeds were sampled at the original harvest. Large numbers of empty and infested seeds in the original harvest have significantly affected the quality of collections in terms of availability of potentially viable or usable seeds in collections. As a result, just over one third of taxa and one fifth of collections consisted of ≥ 5000 potentially viable or usable seeds. Viable seeds exhibited a sound physiological status in terms of germinability and viability at the initial round of germination tests after storage, but on average, relative germination and viability achieved were below 85%. A decline in germinability during their variable time of storage was evident for 16% of the 78 collections analysed for longevity. According to a set of criteria, suitable germination protocols for propagation of plants from seeds were identified for 165 taxa. Given the apparent differences between wild species, especially those that are rare and threatened, and domesticated crops, the quality and physiological status of reviewed collections are reasonably sound. The characteristics we observed for collections, the challenges we identified for conserving them and the germination protocols we suggested for propagation of plants from seeds have the scope to be noted, integrated and used globally across various conservation activities and policies.
Risk prediction models versus simplified selection criteria to determine eligibility for lung cancer screening: an analysis of German federal-wide survey and incidence data
Authors: Hüsing Anika , Kaaks Rudolf
Published: June 2020

As randomized trials in the USA and Europe have convincingly demonstrated efficacy of lung cancer screening by computed tomography (CT), European countries are discussing the introduction of screening programs. To maintain acceptable cost-benefit and clinical benefit-to-harm ratios, screening should be offered to individuals at sufficiently elevated risk of having lung cancer. Using federal-wide survey and lung cancer incidence data (2008–2013), we examined the performance of four well-established risk models from the USA (PLCOM2012, LCRAT, Bach) and the UK (LLP2008) in the German population, comparing with standard eligibility criteria based on age limits, minimal pack years of smoking (or combination of total duration with average intensity) and maximum years since smoking cessation. The eligibility criterion recommended by the United States Preventive Services Taskforce (USPSTF) would select about 3.2 million individuals, a group equal in size to the upper fifth of ever smokers age 50–79 at highest risk, and to 11% of all adults aged 50–79. According to PLCOM2012, the model showing best concordance between numbers of lung cancer cases predicted and reported in registries, persons with 5-year risk ≥ 1.7% included about half of all lung cancer incidence in the full German population. Compared to eligibility criteria (e.g. USPSTF), risk models elected individuals in higher age groups, including ex-smokers with longer average quitting times. Further studies should address how in Germany these shifts may affect expected benefits of CT screening in terms of life-years gained versus the potential harm of age-specific increasing risk of over-diagnosis.
Radiotherapy treatment scheduling considering time window preferences
Authors: Vieira Bruno , Demirtas Derya , van de Kamer Jeroen B. , Hans Erwin W. , Rousseau Louis-Martin , Lahrichi Nadia , van Harten Wim H.
Published: June 2020

External-beam radiotherapy treatments are delivered by a linear accelerator (linac) in a series of high-energy radiation sessions over multiple days. With the increase in the incidence of cancer and the use of radiotherapy (RT), the problem of automatically scheduling RT sessions while satisfying patient preferences regarding the time of their appointments becomes increasingly relevant. While most literature focuses on timeliness of treatments, several Dutch RT centers have expressed their need to include patient preferences when scheduling appointments for irradiation sessions. In this study, we propose a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model that solves the problem of scheduling and sequencing RT sessions considering time window preferences given by patients. The MILP model alone is able to solve the problem to optimality, scheduling all sessions within the desired window, in reasonable time for small size instances up to 66 patients and 2 linacs per week. For larger centers, we propose a heuristic method that pre-assigns patients to linacs to decompose the problem in subproblems (clusters of linacs) before using the MILP model to solve the subproblems to optimality in a sequential manner. We test our methodology using real-world data from a large Dutch RT center (8 linacs). Results show that, combining the heuristic with the MILP model, the problem can be solved in reasonable computation time with as few as 2.8% of the sessions being scheduled outside the desired time window.
Are Gettier cases disturbing?
Authors: Hawke Peter , Schoonen Tom
Published: June 2020

We examine a prominent naturalistic line on the method of cases (MoC), exemplified by Timothy Williamson and Edouard Machery: MoC is given a fallibilist and non-exceptionalist treatment, accommodating moderate modal skepticism. But Gettier cases are in dispute: Williamson takes them to induce substantive philosophical knowledge; Machery claims that the ambitious use of MoC should be abandoned entirely. We defend an intermediate position. We offer an internal critique of Macherian pessimism about Gettier cases. Most crucially, we argue that Gettier cases needn’t exhibit ‘disturbing characteristics’ that Machery posits to explain why philosophical cases induce dubious judgments. It follows, we show, that Machery’s central argument for the effective abandonment of MoC is undermined. Nevertheless, we engineer a restricted variant of the argument—in harmony with Williamsonian ideology–that survives our critique, potentially limiting philosophy’s scope for establishing especially ambitious modal theses, despite traditional MoC’s utility being partially preserved.
Free of salt high-pressure deliming of animal hides
Authors: Prokein Michael , Chrobot Adrian , Renner Manfred , Weidner Eckhard
Published: June 2020

The wastewater pollution of tanneries is of high concern. The investigation of technologies to minimize the consumption of chemicals in the leather production process can reduce the environmental burden. We focus on the reduction of ammonium salts in the leather production process. Salt-free deliming of animal hides with compressed carbon dioxide as deliming agent is performed for the first time in a technical scale 20-L drum. As a result, CO2-deliming at 30 bar and 30 °C is two times faster than conventional deliming. In addition, the deliming efficiency is slightly improved. The initial calcium (Ca) content of the hides of 8 g/kg reaches the lowest value of 2 g/kg after a process time of 3 h. However, a process time of 60 min is sufficient to reach an elimination of 50 wt% of the initial lime. The resulting Ca-content of 4 g/kg after 60 min CO2-deliming at 30 bar is comparable with the Ca-content of conventional delimed hide. We clarify that the ampholytic character of the collagen itself enables a buffering of the pH-value at pH-7. The stable pH-value supports the selection of specific bating enzymes that decompose non-collagen proteins. No buffering salts contaminate the wastewater. The high-pressure CO2-deliming process has high potential to reduce wastewater emissions, save costs for chemicals, and process time in industrial beamhouse applications.
Correction to: Malaxideae (Orchidaceae) in Madagascar, the Mascarenes, Seychelles and Comoro Islands
Authors: Hermans Johan , Verlynde Simon , Cribb Phillip , Ramandimbisoa Brigitte , Hervouet Jean-Michel , Bernet Patrice
Published: June 2020

The original version of this article unfortunately contains an error. Figure 6 on page 28 and Figure 64 on page 140 were missing from the published version of the papers.
(Neuro)therapeutic Approaches in the Field of Alcohol Use Disorders
Authors: Beck A , Rosenthal A , Auriacombe M , Romanczuk-Seiferth N
Published: June 2020

Purpose of Review

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a burdening chronic condition that is characterized by high relapse rates despite severe negative consequences. There has been a recent emergence of interest in (neuro)therapeutic intervention strategies that largely involve the detrimental change in mechanisms linked to addiction disorders. Most prominently, the latter include habitual decision-making, cue-induced behavioral tendencies, as well as the amplifying effects of stressful events on drinking behavior. This article discusses these learning mechanisms and modification thereof as possible targets of (neuro)therapeutic interventions for AUD.

Recent Findings

Psychological therapies that target dysregulated neurocognitive processes underlying addictive behavior may hold promise as effective treatments for AUD.

Despite the progression in psychological and neuroscience research in the field of AUD, many behavioral interventions fail to systematically integrate and apply such findings into treatment development. Future research should focus on the targeted modification of the aforementioned processes.
A Review of the Potential Impacts of Wind Turbine Noise in the Australian Context
Authors: Davy John Laurence , Burgemeister Kym , Hillman David , Carlile Simon
Published: June 2020

This manuscript describes a range of technical deliberations undertaken by the authors during their work as members of the Australian Government’s Independent Scientific Committee on Wind Turbines. Central to these deliberations was the requirement upon the committee to improve understanding and monitoring of the potential impacts of sound from wind turbines (including low frequency and infrasound) on health and the environment. The paper examines existing wind turbine sound limits, possible perceptual and physiological effects of wind turbine noise, aspects of the effects of wind turbine sound on sleep health and quality of life, low-frequency noise limits, the concept of annoyance including alternative causes of it and the potential for it to be affected by low-frequency noise, the influence of amplitude modulation and tonality, sound measurement and analysis and management strategies. In so doing it provides an objective basis for harmonisation across Australia of provisions for siting and monitoring of wind turbines, which currently vary from state to state, contributing to contention and potential inequities between Australians, depending on their place of residence.
Protecting Citizens’ Personal Data and Privacy: Joint Effort from GDPR EU Cluster Research Projects
Authors: de Carvalho Renata M. , Del Prete Camillo , Martin Yod Samuel , Araujo Rivero Rosa M. , Önen Melek , Schiavo Francesco Paolo , Rumín Ángel Cuevas , Mouratidis Haralambos , Yelmo Juan C. , Koukovini Maria N.
Published: June 2020

Confidence in information and communication technology services and systems is crucial for the digital society which we live in, but this confidence is not possible without privacy-enhancing tools and technologies, nor without risks management frameworks that guarantee privacy, data protection, and secure digital identities. This paper provides information on ongoing and recent developments in this area in the European Union (EU) space. We start by providing an overview of EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and proceed by identifying challenges concerning GDPR implementation, either technical or organizational. For this, we consider the work currently being done by a set of EU projects on the H2020 DS-08-2017 topic, namely BPR4GDPR, DEFeND, SMOOTH, PDP4E, PAPAYA and PoSeID-on, which address and aim at providing specific, operational solutions for the identified challenges. We briefly present these solutions and discuss the ways in which the projects cooperate and complement each other. Finally, we identify guidelines for further research.
Detection, Classification, and Location of Seismovolcanic Signals with Multicomponent Seismic Data: Example from the Piton de La Fournaise Volcano (La Réunion, France)
Authors: Journeau C. , Shapiro N. M. , Seydoux L. , Soubestre J. , Ferrazzini V. , Peltier A.
Published: June 2020

We apply three different methods based on the analysis of the multicomponent seismic data to detect seismovolcanic tremors and other seismovolcanic signals, to propose an approach to classify them, and to locate their sources. We use continuous seismograms recorded during 1 year by 21 stations at the Piton de la Fournaise volcano (La Réunion, France). The first method allows the detection of seismovolcanic signals based on stability in time of the intercomponent cross‐correlation function. Two other methods based on the simultaneous analysis of the whole network can be used to detect seismovolcanic signals and to locate their sources. In the first network‐based method, the seismic wavefield is analyzed by calculating the width of the network covariance matrix eigenvalue distribution.The second network‐based method consists in performing the 3‐D backprojection of the interstation cross correlations in order to calculate the network response function. Simultaneous analysis of the parameters measured by the three different methods can be used to classify different types of seismovolcanic tremors. Our results demonstrate that all three methods efficiently detect seismovolcanic tremors accompanying the 2010 eruptions and the preceding pre‐eruptive seismic swarms. Furthermore, Methods 2 and 3 based on simultaneous analysis of the whole network detect a large number of volcanic earthquakes. Our location results show that each seismovolcanic tremor is located in a distinct regionof the volcano, close to the eruptive site at a shallow depth, and the preceding seismic crisis is located deeper at about the sea level under the summit crater.
The Range of Jupiter's Flow Structures That Fit the Juno Asymmetric Gravity Measurements
Authors: Duer Keren , Galanti Eli , Kaspi Yohai
Published: June 2020

The asymmetric gravity field measured by the Juno spacecraft has allowed the estimation of the depth of Jupiter's zonal jets, showing that the winds extend approximately 3,000 km beneath the cloud level. This estimate was based on an analysis using a combination of all measured odd gravity harmonics, J3, J5, J7, and J9, but the wind profile's dependence on each of them separately has yet to be investigated. Furthermore, these calculations assumed the meridional profile of the cloud‐level wind extends to depth. However, it is possible that the interior jet profile varies somewhat from that of the cloud level. Here we analyze in detail the possible meridional and vertical structure of Jupiter's deep jet streams that can match the gravity measurements. We find that each odd gravity harmonic constrains the flow at a different depth, with J3 the most dominant at depths below 3,000 km, J5 the most restrictive overall, whereas J9 does not add any constraint on the flow if the other odd harmonics are considered. Interior flow profiles constructed from perturbations to the cloud‐level winds allow a more extensive range of vertical wind profiles, yet when the meridional profiles differ substantially from the cloud level, the ability to match the gravity data significantly diminishes. Overall, we find that while interior wind profiles that do not resemble the cloud level are possible, they are statistically unlikely. Finally, inspired by the Juno microwave radiometer measurements, assuming the brightness temperature is dominated by the ammonia abundance, we find that depth‐dependent flow profiles are still compatible with the gravity measurements.
Estimating Arctic Temperature Impacts From Select European Residential Heating Appliances and Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Seay Brannon , Adetona Anna , Sarofim Marcus , Kolian Michael
Published: June 2020

The use of residential heating devices is a key source of black carbon and other short‐lived climate forcer emissions in Arctic and other high‐latitude regions, with important impacts to the Arctic climate and human health. The types of combustion technologies and fuels used vary by region, which impacts the emission profiles of these pollutants and thus the magnitude of Arctic climate responses. Using emission inventory data from 14 European countries, we derive wood‐fueled residential heating emissions of black carbon, organic carbon, and sulfate from six appliance types in 2016. Using previously derived equilibrium Arctic temperature responses, we estimate Arctic temperature influences from each appliance type. Using the 2016 appliance emission data as a baseline, we compute the emission mass and Arctic temperature mitigation potential from hypothetical stove conversion scenarios. A total of 43.2 gigagrams (Gg) of black carbon, 175.7 Gg of organic carbon, and 10.3 Gg of sulfate were emitted in 2016 from the six appliance types in the 14 countries. The combined emissions increased Arctic surface temperatures by +2.8 millikelvin. If each country converted its appliance fleet to the technologically advanced pellet stoves and boilers, the combined black carbon, organic carbon, and sulfate emissions from heating appliances could be reduced by 94% and the Arctic temperature response reduced by 85%. The specific source and originating region of emissions are important factors in resolving the magnitude of their impacts. Improved country‐level accounting of specific appliances and their emission characteristics can lead to a better understanding of potential mitigation options.
Social Media Helps Reveal Cause of 2018 Indonesian Tsunami
Authors: Sidder Aaron
Published: June 2020

Videos from Twitter and YouTube helped scientists tease out the physical mechanisms that generated the large tsunami in Palu Bay after a magnitude 7.5 earthquake.
This Week: Masked Men and Other Mysteries
Authors:   AGU
Published: June 2020

What Earth and space science stories are we recommending this week?
A Statistical Study on the Winter Ionospheric Nighttime Enhancement at Middle Latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Li Wenbo , Chen Yiding , Liu Libo , Le Huijun , Zhang Ruilong , Li Jiacheng , Huang Cong
Published: June 2020

The ionospheric electron density generally decreases after sunset under the effect of recombination, but sometimes, it increases, which forms an ionospheric nighttime enhancement (INE). In this research, the observations from two ionosondes in Mohe and Beijing and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory‐Global Ionosphere Maps during the 24th solar cycle were used to explore the feature and mechanism of INE at midlatitudes. It shows that hmF2 always increases when INE occurs in summer, while it either rises or falls in winter. The increase of hmF2 has a significant contribution to INE in summer. For winter INE, however, the hmF2‐rising and the hmF2‐declining type INEs present no significant differences in durations and amplitudes, except that the former occurs slightly earlier than the latter. This suggests that the uplift of the ionosphere induced by equatorward thermospheric wind may not be a dominant factor for controlling the formation of winter INE at midlatitudes. We found that the electron density difference between the summer hemisphere and the winter hemisphere trends increases when the INE occurs in the winter hemisphere. This increased electron density difference between the two hemispheres is beneficial to the summer‐to‐winter interhemispheric plasma transport and the formation of INE in winter. Meanwhile, it is likely that the ionospheric equivalent slab thickness decreases during the winter INE due to downward transport from the topside. These indicate that downward plasma influxes from the topside ionosphere and the conjugate summer hemisphere play dominant roles for the formation of winter INE at middle latitudes.
Internally Heated Porous Convection: An Idealized Model for Enceladus' Hydrothermal Activity
Authors: Le Reun Thomas , Hewitt Duncan R.
Published: June 2020

Recent planetary data and geophysical modeling suggest that hydrothermal activity is ongoing under the ice crust of Enceladus, one of Saturn's moons. According to these models, hydrothermal flow in the porous, rocky core of the satellite is driven by tidal deformation that induces dissipation and volumetric internal heating. Despite the effort in the modeling of Enceladus' interior, systematic understanding—and even basic scaling laws—of internally heated porous convection and hydrothermal activity are still lacking. In this article, using an idealized model of an internally heated porous medium, we explore numerically and theoretically the flows that develop close to and far from the onset of convection. In particular, we quantify heat‐transport efficiency by convective flows as well as the typical extent and intensity of heat flux anomalies created at the top of the porous layer. With our idealized model, we derive simple and general laws governing the temperature and hydrothermal velocity that can be driven in the oceans of icy moons. In the future, these laws could help better constraining models of the interior of Enceladus and other icy satellites.
Mapping Jupiter's Mischief
Authors: Visscher Channon
Published: June 2020

New results (Grassi et al., 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JE006206) from analysis of Juno Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) 4‐ to 5‐μm observations provide updated latitudinal abundance profiles and measurements of the spatial distribution of H2O, NH3, PH3, GeH4, and AsH3 in Jupiter's troposphere near the 3‐ to 5‐bar level. The observed compositional variations provide new constraints on processes shaping chemical abundances in the cloud‐forming region of the troposphere, including vertical and horizontal atmospheric mixing, meteorology and cloud formation, transport‐induced quenching, and photochemistry. Along with recent results from the Juno Microwave Radiometer (MWR) for NH3 and H2O abundances far below the clouds, the JIRAM measurements of key disequilibrium tracer species can also be used to explore the coupled dynamics, chemistry, and bulk composition of Jupiter's deep atmosphere. The heavy element abundance inventory on Jupiter is a key constraint for the development and assessment of giant planet formation models. Combined with prior ground‐based, spacecraft, and in situ observations, the Juno results suggest near‐uniform (∼2–4 times) enhancements over protosolar abundances for several heavy elements in Jupiter's atmosphere, giving new clues about the composition of the material accreted, the timing and location of formation, and the internal evolution of Jupiter over the history of the solar system.
Multi-domain potential biomarkers for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity in recent trauma survivors
Authors: Ben-Zion Ziv , Zeevi Yoav , Keynan Nimrod Jackob , Admon Roee , Kozlovski Tal , Sharon Haggai , Halpern Pinchas , Liberzon Israel , Shalev Arieh Y. , Benjamini Yoav , Hendler Talma
Published: June 2020

Contemporary symptom-based diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) largely overlooks related neurobehavioral mechanisms and relies entirely on subjective interpersonal reporting. Previous studies associating biomarkers with PTSD have mostly used symptom-based diagnosis as the main outcome measure, disregarding the wide variability and richness of PTSD phenotypical features. Here, we aimed to computationally derive potential biomarkers that could efficiently differentiate PTSD subtypes among recent trauma survivors. A three-staged semi-unsupervised method (“3C”) was used to firstly categorize individuals by current PTSD symptom severity, then derive clusters based on clinical features related to PTSD (e.g. anxiety and depression), and finally to classify participants’ cluster membership using objective multi-domain features. A total of 256 features were extracted from psychometrics, cognitive functioning, and both structural and functional MRI data, obtained from 101 adult civilians (age = 34.80 ± 11.95; 51 females) evaluated within 1 month of trauma exposure. The features that best differentiated cluster membership were assessed by importance analysis, classification tree, and ANOVA. Results revealed that entorhinal and rostral anterior cingulate cortices volumes (structural MRI domain), in-task amygdala’s functional connectivity with the insula and thalamus (functional MRI domain), executive function and cognitive flexibility (cognitive testing domain) best differentiated between two clusters associated with PTSD severity. Cross-validation established the results’ robustness and consistency within this sample. The neural and cognitive potential biomarkers revealed by the 3C analytics offer objective classifiers of post-traumatic morbidity shortly following trauma. They also map onto previously documented neurobehavioral mechanisms associated with PTSD and demonstrate the usefulness of standardized and objective measurements as differentiating clinical sub-classes shortly after trauma.
A highly selective iron oxide-based imaging nanoparticle for long-term monitoring of drug-induced tumor cell apoptosis
Authors: Lin Guanyou , Mu Qingxin , Revia Richard , Stephen Zachary , Jeon Mike , Zhang Miqin
Published: June 2020

PSA was conjugated onto IONP by first covalently linking Neu onto a 10 nm IONP core and then attaching PSA to neu via biotin–avidin interaction. When applied in vivo, IONP-Neu-PSA-Cy5.5 produced persistent near-IR signal specifically for monitoring tumor apoptosis.
Mechanism of powellite crystallite expansion within nano-phase separated amorphous matrices under Au-irradiation
Authors: Patel Karishma B. , Schuller Sophie , Lampronti Giulio I. , Farnan Ian
Published: June 2020

Effects of Au-irradiation on synthesized multi-phase glass ceramics that have CaMoO4crystallites within a residual matrix characterized by twoTgs.
Heterometallic multinuclear nodes directing MOF electronic behavior
Authors: Ejegbavwo Otega A. , Berseneva Anna A. , Martin Corey R. , Leith Gabrielle A. , Pandey Shubham , Brandt Amy J. , Park Kyoung Chul , Mathur Abhijai , Farzandh Sharfa , Klepov Vladislav V. , Heiser Brittany J. , Chandrashekhar Mvs , Karakalos Stavros G. , Smith Mark D. , Phillpot Simon R. , Garashchuk Sophya , Chen Donna A. , Shustova Natalia B.
Published: June 2020

Metal node engineering in combination with modularity, topological diversity, and porosity of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) could advance energy and optoelectronic sectors.
A novel multiple emulsion enhanced immunity via its biomimetic delivery approach
Authors: Zou Yongjuan , Wu Nan , Miao Chunyu , Yue Hua , Wu Jie , Ma Guanghui
Published: June 2020

A special emulsion with biomimetic structural dynamic properties was fabricated, inducing efficient vaccine–cell interaction and robust immunity.
Quality of life after breast cancer: Assessment, relevance and effective interventions
Authors: Schmidt Martina , Steindorf Karen
Published: June 2020

Health-related quality of life is of great relevance for breast cancer patients at all stages, both during treatment and in the medium and long term after treatment. Quality of life is becoming increasingly important as an end point in licensing studies for new treatments and in scientific studies comparing different therapies. In addition to a brief global assessment of quality of life, other important patient-reported outcomes should be assessed. Patients with breast cancer often report limitations due to fatigue, sleep problems, sexual and/or climacteric problems, cognitive problems, mental problems and loss of physical performance. Quality of life after breast cancer could probably be further increased if education, screening and treatment of these symptoms were a systematic part of oncological care.
Can Inflammatory Hematological Parameters be a Guide to Late-onset Fetal Growth Restriction?
Authors: kırmızı Demet Aydogan , Baser Emre , Onat Taylan , Caltekin Melike Demir , Kara Mustafa , Yalvac Ethem Serdar
Published: June 2020

Purpose To compare the rates obtained from hematological parameters in cases of late-onset idiopathic fetal growth restriction (FGR) with healthy pregnancies and to evaluate the effect on neonatal outcomes.

Methods The study group consisted of 63 pregnant women with late-onset idiopathic FGR and the control group consisted of 91 healthy pregnant women. The determined rates were calculated from the control hemograms of patients at 28 weeks. Both groups were compared for neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and other parameters.

Results NLR, leukocyte and neutrophil levels were significantly higher in the FGR group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in PLR, platelet and lymphocyte levels between the groups (p>0.05). To predict FGR, the best cut-off value of NLR was determined to be 4.11 with 56% sensitivity and 88% specificity values.

Conclusion Neutrophil, lymphocyte and platelet interactions have an important role in FGR development. Inflammation can be involved in the etiopathogenesis in late-onset FGR.
PATIENT UNDERGOING COMBINED RIGHT RADICAL NEPHRECTOMY AND RIGHT ATRIAL TUMOUR EXCISION: ANAESTHETIC MANAGEMENT
Authors: Kamath Manjunath R. , P. Krishna Prasad , Gopalakrishnan Mundayat , P. Rajeev T.
Published: June 2020

We describe anaesthetic management of a rare case of right atrial tumour with right renal mass posted for combined excision of right atrial tumor and right radical nephrectomy. Anaesthesia plan was combined thoracic epidural anaesthesia & general anaesthesia. Right renal mass was removed through the anterior subcostal incision, followed by the right atrial mass excision through the midline sternotomy incision under cardiopulmonary bypass. Issues related to the possibility of inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombus & its extension into the right atrium and the subsequent removal, pain management, ideal position of the central venous access, cardiopulmonary bypass with a single kidney are discussed.
SINGLE COMPLETE DENTURE IN MANDIBULAR ARCH OPPOSING NATURAL DENTITION– A CASE REPORT
Authors: Kaira Laxman Singh , Singh Richa
Published: June 2020

Several difficulties are encountered in providing a successful, single complete denture treatment. This case report deals with successful rehabilitation of completely resorbed mandibular ridge opposing a full complement of natural teeth prosthetically incorporating metal denture base in place of the conventional Poly Methyl Methacrylate material to combat the masticatory forces from natural dentition and improve the longevity of the prosthetic rehabilitation, at the same time improving the strength of the mandibular denture base.
A CORRELATIONAL STUDY ON BLOOD PRESSURE, STRESS AND BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) AMONG BSC NURSING STUDENTS IN A SELECTED COLLEGE OF NURSING UDUPI DISTRICT
Authors: Helen Sheen , Jose Tessy Treesa , Nayak Asha K
Published: June 2020

Increasing trend of hypertension and overweight have become a global health problem among youngsters. Over weight is strongly related to high blood pressure and the consequences of the increasing prevalence of overweight will be enormous in the future. Students in nursing profession are adolescents and they may have adjustment problems with new surroundings such as hostel, hospital and new curriculum. The stress experienced may predispose them to have increased blood pressure. A Cross sectional, correlational survey was conductedon blood pressure, stress and body mass index (BMI) among 200 BSc. Nursing Students in a selected college of nursing in Udupi District. The objectives of the study were to determine the blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI) and stress level of BSc nursing students, to compare the BP, BMI and stress of various batches of BSc nursing students and to determine the relationship among Blood pressure, BMI and stress. It is observed that 45% of the subjects were in pre hypertensive stage, and 3% in hypertension stage. Majority of the subjects had normal BMI. Moderate stress was experienced by 95.5% of the subjects. Study found a weak but positive correlation between BMI and BP and negative correlation with stress. A significant difference was found in mean stress score among four batches of students. There was no significant difference in BMI and BP of four batches of students. As nursing students experience stress, adequate support structures for clinical areas, preceptorshipprogrammes and the availability of student counselling services may be helpful to cope with the stress experienced.
INFLUENCE OF DYSLIPIDEMIA ON SOMATIC NEUROPATHY IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: K. Subbalakshmi N. , N. Sathyanarayana Rao K. , R. Adhikari P.M. , Pai Sheila R.
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is an established cardiovascular risk factor. But its influence on somatic neuropathy (PNP) in diabetes mellitus is not clear.

Objective of the study: This study assessed the association between lipids and PNP in diabetes mellitus.

Materials and Methods: 101 type 2 diabetics with recently done fasting lipid profile were included. Lipid profile included fasting total cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol, HDL- cholesterol and triglycerides. Based on the neurological examination diabetics were divided into two groups: with PNP (n = 53) and without PNP (n = 48). Severity of PNP was quantified based on total scoring of all the definite clinical signs of PNP. 30 healthy subjects matched for age and sex with PNP group served as control. Statistical analysis was done with suitable statistical tests. Statistical significance was taken to be at p-value less than 0.05.

Results: Mean total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol of PNP group was significantly higher compared to non-diabetic control (p < 0.05; < 0.01; < 0.001 respectively). There was no significant difference in any of the lipids between with PNP and without PNP groups. Among the lipids, correlation was observed only between triglycerides and PNP severity score (r = 0.37, p < 0.01). Mean age and duration of diabetes of PNP group was significantly higher compared to without PNP group (p < 0.01; < 0.01 respectively).

Conclusion: Dyslipidemia persists in type 2 diabetics. Hypertriglyceridemia is correlated with severity of PNP. Higher age and duration of diabetes are associated with PNP in type 2 diabetes.
A STUDY ON OCCURRENCE OF SELECTED RISK FACTORS OF PREGNANCY AMONG ANTENATAL WOMEN WITH A VIEW TO DEVELOP AN INFORMATION BOOKLET
Authors: Varghese Neethu , Fernandes Philomena
Published: June 2020

The descriptive study was conducted to determine the occurrence of selected risk factors of pregnancy among antenatal women. Structured interview schedule was used to assess the risk factors of pregnancy among antenatal women. 150 samples were selected by purposive sampling technique. The study findings revealed that increased maternal age, short stature, increased blood pressure, abortion, decreased hemoglobin and GDM were the most prevalent risk factors in the study sample. There was significant association between gravid state and abortion (cal=26.78, p<0.05), gravid state and age (cal=9.79, p<0.05), education and hemoglobin level (cal=6.02, p<0.05) at 0.05 level of significance.
MOLECULAR DETECTION OF RUBELLA VIRUS GLYCOPROTEIN AMONG WOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGE IN LOKOJA
Authors: Kolawole O M , Suleiman M M , AlabI O , Ogah I J , Amuda O O
Published: June 2020

Background: The gene order for the Rubella virus (RV)40S RNA is 5' -p150-p90-C-E2-E1-3' and the complete nucleotide sequence of RV has been determined for three strains. The RV core is surrounded by a host-derived lipid bilayer containing 5-6nm long spikes composed of the E2 and E1 glycoproteins

Objective(s): Molecular detection of Rubella virus glycoprotein after serum screening of 240 women attending Federal Medical Centre Lokoja (FMC) via IgG and IgM ELISA.

Method: Cross-sectional study was carried out in Obstetrics and Gynecology clinic at FMC Lokoja. Serology for anti RV-IgG and IgM was done for 240 blood samples after serum separation. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was done for rubella cDNA via RUB 2 & 7 and RUB 8 & 11 specific primers and this was sequenced using dye terminator cycle sequencing.

Result: 231(96.25%) of 240 and 4(1.7%) of 231 subjects were positive to Rubella IgG and IgM respectively after assay. PCR band result had 320bp on 1kb DNA plus ladder of 0.9μg/lane and live blast of the 320 length sequence result revealed a Rubella membrane glycoprotein E1 (Rubella_E1). All subjects that had blood transfusion were positive to Rub-IgG (p=0.566) while 3(1.6%) of 168(88.9%) respondents with no blood transfusion were IgM positive (P= 0.537). 61(32.6%) of 67(35.8%) respondent who reported history of rash were positive to Rub-IgG (p=0.057) and of 30(22.7%) that has had a miscarriage, 29(22.0%) was positive to Rub-IgG (p=0.731)

Conclusion: Rubella virus membrane glycoprotein E1, an important structural type 1 membrane protein in the entire pathogenesis of rubella virus has been confirmed in this locality.
Effectiveness of awareness programme on prevention and management of diaper dermatitis among mothers of children of age 0 to 1 year
Authors: S. Maya K. , M. Pai S. , D'Souza Anjalin
Published: June 2020

The prevalence of diaper dermatitis in India is 4-35 % in the first 2 years of life. The incidence triples in babies with diarrhoea. A pre experimental study was conducted among the mothers of infants to determine the effectiveness of awareness programme on prevention and management of diaper dermatitis. The study was conducted in Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, India, among 42 mothers of children of age 0 to 1 year. The samples were selected through purposive sampling. Initially the level of knowledge, attitude and practice on prevention and management of diaper dermatitis were assessed by administering a structured questionnaire to mothers. Awareness programmes was given on the second day and on 8th day a posttest was carried out and a significant improvement in knowledge(t=13.813, p=0.02),attitude(t=8.34, p=0.01) and practice(t=11.32, p=0.01) were identified. The study findings showed that the awareness programme was effective in increasing the knowledge, attitude and practice on prevention and management of diaper dermatitis among the mothers of infants.
Management of Abrasions in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - A Review
Authors: C. Muralee Mohan , S. Gopinath Thilak P. , Shetty Pratiksha , Rai Ashish J. , Gohil Saurabh M.
Published: June 2020

Soft tissue injuries, whether isolated or in combination with other injuries, are among the most common traumatic craniofacial injuries encountered by emergency department personnel and maxillofacial surgeons. Despite this high incidence, there are very few studies that systematically investigate the management of these injuries and therefore, there is no widely accepted classification scheme or treatment algorithms to guide evaluation and treatment. As a result, most critical management decisions are left exclusively to the discretion of the treating surgeon with limited prospective or retrospective data, beyond personal experience, available to guide treatment. This may lead to many disparate approaches to both short-term and longterm management. In this review article, we give a brief account of management of facial abrasions, including tetanus prophylaxis, pain assessment, cleaning, definitive closure and dressing of facial abrasions.
Anaesthesia management in a child with Apert syndrome with craniosynostosis
Authors: Parate Leena Harshad , Nagaraj M.C.
Published: June 2020

Apert syndrome is a rare congenial anomaly with multisystem involvement. It is characterized by craniosynostosis, midfacial hypoplasia and global syndactyly. Altered upper and lower airway anatomy, multiple visceral anomalies and multiple repeat surgeries are main anaesthetic challenges. Here we report a case of seven month old child with Apert syndrome who was posted for posterior sagittal anorectoplasty.
Tandem Traction Bow Appliance for the Treatment of Skeletal Class III Malocclusion
Authors: K. Shetty Prajwal , Udeshi Priyanka S , N. Kuttappa M. , P. Nanda kishore , S. Ravi M. , S. Nayak Krishna U.
Published: June 2020

Background and Objectives: Skeletal class III is a growth related discrepancy which continues and becomes more severe until active growth is completed. Approximately three percent of Indian population exhibits class III malocclusion. This can be due to a mid face deficiency, a large mandible or their combination. Various treatment modalities are available for correction of class III malocclusion in growing children, one of which is the Tandem Traction Bow Appliance (TTBA). This study was planned and designed to evaluate the dental and skeletal effects of TTBA used for the correction of skeletal Class III malocclusion with maxillary deficiency.

Materials and Methods: An in-vivo study designed to study the effects of TTBA on class III malocclusion with maxillary deficiency. The study was carried out on ten patients (age 6-12 years). Pre and post lateral cephalograms were traced and analyzed. Paired t test was used to compare values.

Result: The significant changes seen in the dental and skeletal parameters were upper and lower incisor retraction, Increase in ANB angulations and forward and downward movement of the maxillary arch.

Conclusion: TTBA is effective in early treatment of Skeletal Class III malocclusion. Being intraoral, patient compliance is improved, thus making TTBA easier to use, both for the clinician as well as for the patient.
MANAGEMENT OF SOFT TISSUE INJURIES – CASE SERIES
Authors: Mohan Muralee , Prasad B Rajendra , Sharma S M , Shetty Tripthi , S. Priyadharsana P
Published: June 2020

Soft tissue injuries, whether isolated or in combination with other injuries, are amongst the most common traumatic craniofacial injuries encountered in our day to day practice.

Soft tissue injuries may involve the skin, subcutaneous tissue, underlying muscle or a combination of any of these elements. Although rarely life-threatening, the treatment of these injuries can be complex and may have significant impact on the patients' facial aesthetics and function. Hence one should know the “do's and don'ts”.

Disfigurement following trauma, has a detrimental effect on the victim's personality and future. Therefore such cases should be most appropriately managed with thorough knowledge of applied anatomy, an aesthetic sense and meticulous tissue handling, along with surgical skills to repair composite structures.
Major Bleeding after Surgical Revascularization with Dual Antiplatelet Therapy
Authors: Deppe Antje Christin , Schlachtenberger Georg , Gerfer Stephen , Choi Yeong-Hoon , Zeriouh Mohamed , Liakopoulos Oliver , Wahlers Thorsten C.W.
Published: June 2020

Objective Patients with acute coronary syndrome are treated with dual antiplatelet therapy containing acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and P2Y12 antagonists. In case of urgent coronary artery bypass grafting this might be associated with increasing risks of bleeding complications.

Methods Data from 1200 consecutive urgent operations between 2010 and 2018 were obtained from our institutional patient database. For this study off-pump surgery was excluded. The primary composite end point major bleeding consisted of at least one end point: transfusion ≥ 5 packed red blood cells within 24 hours, rethoracotomy due to bleeding, chest tube output >2000 mL within 24 hours. Demographic data, peri-, and postoperative variables and outcomes were compared between patients treated with mono antiplatelet therapy, ASA + clopidogrel (ASA-C) +ticagrelor (ASA-T) or +prasugrel (ASA-P) < 72 hours before surgery. Furthermore, we compared patients with dual antiplatelet therapy with ASA monotherapy.

Results From 1,086 patients, 475 (44%) received dual antiplatelet therapy. Three-hundred seventy-two received ASA-C (77.7%), 72 ASA-T (15%), and 31 ASA-P (6.5%). Major bleeding (44 vs. 23%, p < 0.0001) was more frequently in patients receiving dual therapy with higher rates of massive drainage loss within 24 hours (23 vs. 11%, p < 0.0001) of mass transfusion (34 vs. 16%, p < 0.0001) and rethoracotomy (10 vs. 5%, p = 0.002) when compared with ASA. In this analysis, ASA-T and ASA-P were not associated with higher bleeding complications compared with ASA-C.

Conclusion Dual antiplatelet therapy is associated with higher rates of major bleeding. Further studies should examine the difference in the prevalence of major bleeding complications in the different dual antiplatelet therapy regimes in patients requiring urgent surgery.
A Nationwide Cohort Study of Outcome after Pediatric Appendicitis
Authors: Omling Erik , Salö Martin , Saluja Saurabh , Bergbrant Sanna , Olsson Louise , Björk Jonas , Hagander Lars
Published: June 2020

Introduction Children with appendicitis often present with complicated disease. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical management of pediatric appendicitis, and to report how disease severity and operative modality are associated with short- and long-term risks of adverse outcome.

Materials and Methods A nationwide retrospective cohort study of all Swedish children (<18 years) diagnosed with appendicitis, 2001 to 2014 (n = 38,939). Primary and secondary outcomes were length of stay, surgical site infections, readmissions, 30-day mortality, and long-term risk of surgery for small bowel obstruction (SBO). Implications of complicated disease and operative modality were assessed with adjustment for age, gender, and trends over time.

Results Complicated appendicitis was associated with longer hospital stay (4 vs. 2 days, p < 0.001), increased risk of surgical site infection (5.9 vs. 2.3%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.64 [95% confidence interval, CI: 2.18–3.18], p < 0.001), readmission (5.5 vs. 1.2, aOR: 4.74 [95% CI: 4.08–5.53], p < 0.001), as well as long-term risk of surgery for SBO (0.7 vs. 0.2%, adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 3.89 [95% CI: 2.61–5.78], p < 0.001). Intended laparoscopic approach was associated with reduced risk of surgical site infections (2.3 vs. 3.1%, aOR: 0.74 [95% CI: 0.62–0.89], p = 0.001), but no overall reduction in risk for SBO; however, successful laparoscopic appendectomy was associated with less SBO during follow-up compared with open appendectomy (aHR: 0.27 [95% CI: 0.11–0.63], p = 0.002).

Conclusion Children treated for complicated appendicitis are at risk of substantial short- and long-term morbidities. Fewer surgical site infections were seen after intended laparoscopic appendectomy, compared with open appendectomy, also when converted procedures were accounted for.