bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modified lithium metal anodeviaanion-planting protection mechanisms for dendrite-free long-life lithium metal batteries
Authors: Chu Fulu , Lei Jie , Deng Rongyu , Zhou You , Wu Feixiang
Published: December 2022

An artificial solid–electrolyte interphase layer is fabricated by pre-planting anions to stabilize Li metal anode. It exhibits a flat and smooth morphology without dendritic Li, thus delivering a remarkable cycle life of 500 cycles at 1 mA cm−2.
Hybrid reduced graphene oxide nanosheets with negative magnetoresistance for the diagnosis of hypoglycemia
Authors: Chen Longyi , Yang Songlin , Dotzert Michelle , Melling C. W. James , Zhang Jin
Published: December 2022

A new magnetoresistance sensor made of hybrid graphene nanosheets has been developed to quickly and accurately measure low concentration of plasma glucose within very small amount (1 μL) of sample.
The WISSH quasars project
Authors: Saccheo I. , Bongiorno A. , Piconcelli E. , Testa V. , Bischetti M. , Bisogni S. , Bruni G. , Cresci G. , Feruglio C. , Fiore F. , Grazian A. , Luminari A. , Lusso E. , Mainieri V. , Maiolino R. , Marconi A. , Ricci F. , Tombesi F. , Travascio A. , Vietri G. , Vignali C. , Zappacosta L. , La Franca F.
Published: December 2022

Context. Hyperluminous quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) are ideal laboratories to investigate active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback mechanisms. Their formidable energy release causes powerful winds at all scales, and thus the maximum feedback is expected.

Aims. Our aim is to derive the mean spectral energy distribution (SED) of a sample of 85 WISE-SDSS selected hyperluminous (WISSH) quasars. Since the SED provides a direct way to investigate the AGN structure, our goal is to understand if quasars at the bright end of the luminosity function have peculiar properties compared to the bulk of the QSO population.

Methods. We collected all the available photometry, from X-rays to the far-infrared (FIR); each WISSH quasar is observed in at least 12 different bands. We then built a mean intrinsic SED after correcting for the dust extinction, absorption and emission lines, and intergalactic medium absorption. We also derived bolometric, IR band, and monochromatic luminosities together with bolometric corrections at λ = 5100 Å and 3 μm. We define a new relation for the 3 μm bolometric correction.

Results. We find that the mean SED of hyperluminous WISSH QSOs shows some differences compared to that of less luminous sources (i.e., a lower X-ray emission and a near- and mid-IR excess which can be explained assuming a larger dust contribution. WISSH QSOs have stronger emission from both warm (T ∼ 500 − 600 K) and very hot (T ≥ 1000 K) dust, the latter being responsible for shifting the typical dip of the AGN SED from 1.3 μm to 1.1 μm. We also derived the mean SEDs of two subsamples created based on their spectral features (presence of broad absorption lines and equivalent width of CIV line). We confirm that broad absorption lines (BALs) are X-ray weak and that they have a reddened UV-optical continuum. We also find that BALs tend to have stronger emission from the hot dust component. For sources with a weaker CIV line, our main result is the confirmation of their lower X-ray emission. By populating the LIR vs. z diagram proposed by Symeonidis & Page (MNRAS, 503, 3992), we found that ∼90% of WISSH QSOs with z ≥ 3.5 have their FIR emission dominated by star-forming activity.

Conclusions. This analysis suggests that hyperluminous QSOs have a peculiar SED compared to less luminous objects. It is therefore critical to use SED templates constructed exclusively from very bright quasar samples (such as this one) when dealing with particularly luminous sources, such as high-redshift QSOs.
V-LoTSS: The circularly polarised LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey
Authors: Callingham J. R. , Shimwell T. W. , Vedantham H. K. , Bassa C. G. , O’Sullivan S. P. , Yiu T. W. H. , Bloot S. , Best P. N. , Hardcastle M. J. , Haverkorn M. , Kavanagh R. D. , Lamy L. , Pope B. J. S. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Schwarz D. J. , Tasse C. , van Weeren R. J. , White G. J. , Zarka P. , Bomans D. J. , Bonafede A. , Bonato M. , Botteon A. , Bruggen M. , Chyży K. T. , Drabent A. , Emig K. L. , Gloudemans A. J. , Gürkan G. , Hajduk M. , Hoang D. N. , Hoeft M. , Iacobelli M. , Kadler M. , Kunert-Bajraszewska M. , Mingo B. , Morabito L. K. , Nair D. G. , Pérez-Torres M. , Ray T. P. , Riseley C. J. , Rowlinson A. , Shulevski A. , Sweijen F. , Timmerman R. , Vaccari M. , Zheng J.
Published: December 2022

We present the detection of 68 sources from the most sensitive radio survey in circular polarisation conducted to date. We used the second data release of the 144 MHz LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey to produce circularly polarised maps with a median noise of 140 µJy beam−1and resolution of 20″ for ≈27% of the northern sky (5634 deg2). The leakage of total intensity into circular polarisation is measured to be ≈0.06%, and our survey is complete at flux densities ≥1 mJy. A detection is considered reliable when the circularly polarised fraction exceeds 1%. We find the population of circularly polarised sources is composed of four distinct classes: stellar systems, pulsars, active galactic nuclei, and sources unidentified in the literature. The stellar systems can be further separated into chromospherically active stars, M dwarfs, and brown dwarfs. Based on the circularly polarised fraction and lack of an optical counterpart, we show it is possible to infer whether the unidentified sources are likely unknown pulsars or brown dwarfs. By the completion of this survey of the northern sky, we expect to detect 300±100 circularly polarised sources.
Beaver-created microhabitats in a small water body and their impact on flora and fauna (the Khoper River floodplain, Russia)
Authors: Bashinskiy Ivan W.
Published: December 2022

This study shows how beaver digging activity can affect water body morphology and local biota under modern environmental conditions in a small floodplain lake. The total area of microhabitats created by beavers was found to reach 7% of water body area and 30% of littoral-zone area. It was noted that the zoogenic microhabitats are different when depth is greater and plant cover is smaller, especially of emergent vegetation. HelophytesSparganium erectumandAlopecurus aequaliswere found to prefer the beaver-unaffected part of the littoral. InvertebratesNaucorissp. andHydrophilussp. prefer beaver microhabitats, whereasPlanorbis planorbis,Lymnaea palustris, andHydroussp. prefer thickets of emergent plants in beaver-unaffected littoral areas. Adult crucian carpsCarassius carassiusproved to be abundant in the beaver-unaffected part of the water body, while the adult weatherfishMisgurnus fossilisprefers beaver burrows, and its fry inhabit beaver-unaffected sites. A similar situation was observed for marsh frogsPelophylax ridibundus: adults prefer beaver microhabitats in June, but frog tadpoles mainly inhabit a beaver-unaffected littoral. Tadpoles ofPelobates vespertinusproved to be slightly aggregated near beaver burrows in July. The beaver activity was found to slightly increase β-diversity within the water body according to Jaccard indices. The results confirm that the beaver-created heterogeneity is important for aquatic biota under conditions of shallowing of floodplain water bodies.
Impact et limites du recul molaire par l'utilisation d'ancrages osseux temporaires à la mandibule sur les germes des dents de sagesse : étude rétrospective tridimensionnelle
Authors: Craveia Juliette , Kerbrat Adeline , Cazenave Caroline , Schouman Thomas
Published: December 2022

Introduction : le recul molaire à la mandibule est un mouvement complexe à réaliser avec pour difficulté d'effectuer le mouvement en translation et non en version. Son indication est multiple et facilitée par l'utilisation d'ancrages osseux temporaires (minivis) : redressement de l'incisive mandibulaire pour les classes II (préparation chirurgicale ou non), cas de classe I avec biproalvéolie (éviter les extractions) ou en cas de classe III avec classe I squelettique. L'objectif de notre étude est d'évaluer l'impact du recul molaire sur les germes des dents de sagesse, la quantité et la qualité du recul, et d'évaluer les limites. Méthode : nous avons réalisé une étude rétrospective chez 40 patients traités entre 2014 et 2022, répartis en deux groupes « distalisation » et « contrôle ». Nous avons mesuré les mouvements molaires au CBCT et sur téléradiographies de profil avant (T0) puis après distalisation (T1). Résultats : Nous avons obtenu une distalisation des 6 et 7 de plus d'1 mm (p = 0,001), avec une distoversion de 3° (p = 0,003) et une ingression respective de 0,8 mm et 1,4 mm (p = 0,002). Les germes des dents de sagesse ont subi une ingression d'1 mm (p = 0,003) et une rotation mésiolinguale de 4° (p = 0,015). Les racines des 7 se sont rapprochées significativement de la corticale linguale (p = 0,022). L'espace postérieur n'a pas été significativement modifié lors du recul molaire. Conclusion : d'après les résultats de cette étude, il n'est pas nécessaire d'avulser les germes des dents de sagesse en prévention d'un mouvement de distalisation molaire à la mandibule.
Efficacy of a topical formulation containing esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel (NexGard Combo®) against natural infestations with the cat louse, Felicola subrostratus under field conditions
Authors: Mihalca Andrei Daniel , Deak Georgiana , Panait Luciana Cătălina , Rabei Ștefan , Beugnet Frederic
Published: December 2022

Felicola subrostratus is the only species of louse affecting domestic cats. Although it is considered a rare ectoparasite of pet cats, it occurs mainly in stray or shelter animals and is sometimes associated with intense pruritus and secondary bacterial infections. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a single dose of the topical formulation of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel (NexGard Combo®, Boehringer Ingelheim) in cats for the treatment of naturally acquired chewing lice infestation in a multi-site, positive-control, blinded clinical field study. Thirty-one domestic cats presenting natural F. subrostratus infestation were included in the study. The animals had not been treated with any ectoparasiticide within the previous 60 days. After inclusion, each cat was randomly assigned to one of the two groups: group 1, 14 cats treated with NexGard Combo® or group 2, 17 cats treated with Frontline Combo®. A clinical evaluation was performed at days 0 (inclusion), 14 and 30 and consisted in scoring the skin lesions and symptoms and scoring the presence of lice. On day 30, all cats from both groups scored 0 for the presence of live lice and no dead lice were found, demonstrating 100% efficacy. The clinical scores significantly improved from day 0 to day 30 in both groups. During the 30 days of surveillance, no reinfestations due to the hatching of eggs were observed and none of the cats had any adverse reactions. Esafoxolaner demonstrated high efficacy for the treatment of F. subrostratus infestation.
The Short Neck: Challenges and Techniques
Authors: Auersvald Luiz A. , Auersvald André
Published: December 2022

Establishing a pleasant cervical contour in short-neck patients is of one the most difficult challenges for a facial plastic surgeon. Subplatysmal volume reduction, platysma tightening, and skin distribution adequately coupled with the middle third facelift are the pillars of the surgical approach. Additionally, treating the small chin, which is frequently observed in these patients, improves the overall result. In this paper, an objective method to define short-neck patients is offered. The applied surgical anatomy of the neck is revised. Innovative strategies to treat the supra and infrahyoid subplatysmal structures are presented, including the sternohyoid muscles plicature and the use of the interplatysmal/subplatysmal fat flap. A novel chin augmentation technique, using a subperiosteal en bloc fat graft is also introduced. A modified deep plane approach is described, including a continuous suture of the middle third fasciocutaneous flap. A combined lateral platysma tensioning with the sternocleidomastoid rejuvenation is demonstrated. Lastly, the hemostatic net is revisited as a critical approach to resolve the defying skin accommodation.
High SMAS Facelift: Combined Single Flap Lifting of the Midface, Cheek, and Jawline
Authors: Marten Timothy , Elyassnia Dino
Published: December 2022

The traditional deep plane and “low” cheek superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) flaps elevated below the zygomatic arch suffer the drawback that they cannot, by design, exert an effect on tissues of the midface and infra-orbital region. Traditional deep plane and low designs target the lower cheek and jowl only and produce no improvement in the upper anterior cheek and “midface” area. Planning the flap “higher,” along the zygomatic arch, and extending the dissection medially in an “extended SMAS” fashion to release and mobilize midface tissue, overcomes this problem and allows a combined, simultaneous, single flap lifting of the jawline, cheek, and midface. An improved outcome is obtained in many patients and no separate midface lift procedure is needed.
Euler–Lagrange stochastic modeling of droplet breakup and impact in supersonic flight
Authors: Briney Sam , Balachandar S.
Published: December 2022

Blunt bodied aircraft traveling supersonically in weather environments may be damaged by impacts with water droplets and other airborne particles, such as snow and ice. Prior to an impact, these particles will encounter a bow shock that causes a discontinuity in their relative velocity with the gas phase, which can lead droplets to breakup into smaller droplets. These smaller droplets are more easily diverted from colliding with the blunt body due to their significantly reduced inertia relative to the initial rain droplets. One-way coupled Euler–Lagrange simulations are used to study the dynamics of droplets approaching a blunt body in steady two dimensional and axi-symmetric flow fields using a stochastic version of the Taylor analogy breakup model for the breakup dynamics. Ultimately, the dominant mechanism determining engineering quantities of interest was observed to be a competition between breakup time and the time available for a droplet to reach the body after encountering the bow shock. At Mach numbers 2, 3, and 6, the competition between these mechanisms was the dominant factor determining the momentum transfer to the blunt body via droplet collisions, which can be well characterized by a scaling relation.
Computational fluid dynamics investigation of bitumen residues in oil sands tailings transport in an industrial horizontal pipe
Authors: Sontti Somasekhara Goud , Sadeghi Mohsen , Zhou Kaiyu , Zheng Enzu , Zhang Xuehua
Published: December 2022

Pipeline transport is commonly used in the oil sand industry to convey crushed oil sand ores and tailings. Bitumen residues in the oil sand tailings can be a threat to the environment that separating them from tailings before disposal is crucial. However, low bitumen concentration in the tailing slurry and the complex transport characteristics of the four-phase mixture make the process difficult. This study establishes an Eulerian–Eulerian (E–E) computational fluid dynamics model for an industrial-scale oil sand tailings pipeline. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis was conducted on the selection of carrier-solid and solid-bitumen drag models. The combination of small and large particle sizes (i.e., 75 and 700 μm) and bitumen droplet size (i.e., 400 μm) provided good agreement with field data in velocity profiles and pressure drop. The validated model was subsequently extended to investigate the influence of the secondary phase (i.e., bitumen droplets and bubbles) on flow characteristics in a tailing pipeline. The investigation covered a range of bitumen droplet size (100–400 μm), bitumen fraction (0.0025–0.1), bubble size (5–1000 μm), and bubble fraction (0.0025–0.3) and their influences on the velocity, solids, and bitumen distribution are revealed. For an optimum bubble size of 500 μm, a maximum recovery of 59% from the top 50% and 83% from the top 75% of the pipe cross section was obtained. The present study demonstrates the preferential distribution of bitumen and provides valuable insight into bitumen recovery from an industrial-scale tailing pipeline.
Ovarian and uterine changes during the oestrous cycle in female dogs
Authors: Lindh Lena , Kowalewski Mariusz P. , Günzel-Apel Anne-Rose , Goericke-Pesch Sandra , Myllys Vesa , Schuler Gerhard , Dahlbom Merja , Lindeberg Heli , Peltoniemi Olli A. T.
Published: December 2022

Context An accurate staging of sexual cycle is essential for the optimum timing of medical interventions. Aims Here, an updated insight into clinical, endocrinological and vagino-cytological parameters, and their correlation with histomorphology of ovarian and uterine tissue samples is presented. Methods Samples from 39 dogs were collected at various stages of the oestrous cycle: pro-oestrus (n = 8), oestrus (n = 12), dioestrus (n = 9) (luteal phase) and anoestrus (n = 10), according to clinical observations. Final allocation of samples was done after histomorphological evaluation of all tissues. Peripheral oestradiol-17ß (E2) and progesterone (P4) concentrations were measured, P4 by both chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). Key results Differences were observed between determination of the stage of the oestrous cycle, either by clinical, endocrinological or histomorphological evaluation. Individuals considered to be in clinical and endocrinological oestrus, had entered the luteal phase according to histomorphology. P4 concentrations measured by two different assays differed, underlying the importance to understand that absolute P4 concentrations may deviate depending on the used assay. Comparison of E2 and P4 concentrations is suggested to be useful when defining the transition from early follicular phase to the time of ovulation. Conclusions and implications Based on parallel histomorphological observations, combined with clinical and endocrinological findings on the same individuals, the present study emphasises that an accurate classification of the stage of the cycle in female dogs based solely on clinical and endocrinological assessments can be difficult. The histomorphological findings presented herein provide new insights into the transitional phases between the different stages of the oestrous cycle in the dog.
Microstructure evolution in semi-solid A356 aluminium alloy treated by ICTE process
Authors: Hu Mei-Lan , Guo Hong-Min , Ma Teng-Fei , Jin Hua-Lan
Published: December 2022

The effects of parameters of a novel internal cooling thermal equilibrium (ICTE) process on microstructure evolution in semi-solid A356 aluminium alloys were investigated. The results indicated that a low predetermined temperature ( T P), a higher mechanical stirring intensity for the thermal equilibrium body (TEB) and a reduced melt mass contributed to obtaining fine grained semi-solid structures. The cooling effect of TEB combined with dendritic remelting fractures of solidified shells formed on surface of TEB at room temperature promoted massive nucleation in alloy melt and contributed to obtaining numerous fine primary solid phases. The ICTE process, which regulated stirring time of TEB, obtained numerous spherical grains and simplified the operational process.
CLEMSite, a software for automated phenotypic screens using light microscopy and FIB-SEM
Authors: Serra Lleti José M. , Steyer Anna M. , Schieber Nicole L. , Neumann Beate , Tischer Christian , Hilsenstein Volker , Holtstrom Mike , Unrau David , Kirmse Robert , Lucocq John M. , Pepperkok Rainer , Schwab Yannick
Published: December 2022

In recent years, Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM) has emerged as a flexible method that enables semi-automated volume ultrastructural imaging. We present a toolset for adherent cells that enables tracking and finding cells, previously identified in light microscopy (LM), in the FIB-SEM, along with the automatic acquisition of high-resolution volume datasets. We detect the underlying grid pattern in both modalities (LM and EM), to identify common reference points. A combination of computer vision techniques enables complete automation of the workflow. This includes setting the coincidence point of both ion and electron beams, automated evaluation of the image quality and constantly tracking the sample position with the microscope’s field of view reducing or even eliminating operator supervision. We show the ability to target the regions of interest in EM within 5 µm accuracy while iterating between different targets and implementing unattended data acquisition. Our results demonstrate that executing volume acquisition in multiple locations autonomously is possible in EM.
Tailoring the magnetic landscape in Al-doped LaMnO3: an experimental and computational perspective
Authors: Bhowmik Tushar Kanti , Halder Saswata , Sinha Tripurari Prasad
Published: December 2022

We have reported the synthesis, structural and magnetic properties of LaAl
x
Mn1−x
O3 (x = 0.05, 0.15, 0.25) in this article. We have synthesized these compounds through the Sol-gel citrate method and performed the Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data to determine the lattice parameters. The surface elemental composition and oxidation states of LaAl0.25Mn0.75O3 are investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in a wide energy window of 0–1200 eV. The magnetic study shows the ferromagnetic transition of these materials. To understand the nature of magnetization from the experiments, we have studied the first principle density functional theory (DFT) and Monte-Carlo simulation. From the DFT calculations, we have confirmed the ferromagnetic structure in the ground state and studied the electronic structure of these materials. The Monte Carlo simulation has been done through the anisotropic Ising model to analyze the origin of magnetic phase transition. We have determined the anisotropy and the interaction constants from the DFT calculations. The double exchange interaction is mainly responsible for the ferromagnetic ground state.
UVSOR Synchrotron Facility Update
Authors: Ota Hiroshi , Salehi Elham , Fujimoto Masaki , Hayashi Kenji , Horigome Toshio , Iwayama Hiroshi , Katoh Masahiro , Kondo Naonori , Makita Seiji , Matsui Fumihiko , Matsuda Hiroyuki , Mizukawa Tetsunori , Minakuchi Aki , Nakamura Eiken , Nagasaka Masanari , Okano Yasuaki , Ohigashi Takuji , Sakai Masahiro , Sugita Kento , Tanaka Kiyohisa , Taira Yoshitaka , Teshima Fumitsuna , Yamazaki Jun-ichiro , Yano Takayuki , Yuzawa Hayato , Kera Satoshi
Published: December 2022

UVSOR is a Japanese low-energy synchrotron light source that has been operational since 1983. It has 750 MeV electron beam energy and a circumference of 53 m. The machine has undergone two major upgrades and is now called UVSOR-III, with a moderately small emittance of 17 nm·rad and is operated in the top-up mode at 300 mA. It has six undulators. Three in-vacuum undulators provide high-brightness VUV-SX light to the beamlines BL3U, BL4U, and BL6U. BL3U and BL4U are actively used for chemistry and life sciences using in situ and operando measurements, such as soft X-ray absorption and photoelectron spectroscopy. Since 2020, a unique photoelectron analyzer called the Momentum Microscope has been in operation in BL6U. Two variable polarization undulators provide high-brightness VUV light to the beamlines, BL5U and BL7U, which are used for solid-state physics through angle- and spin-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. BL1U is equipped with two APPLE-II undulators in tandem and is used for various research purposes, including laser Compton scattering gamma rays. In addition to these beamlines, eight beamlines are operational which use bending magnet radiation, ranging from THz to tender X-rays. In 38 years of operation, we have dealt with and properly resolved machine problems, such as water leakage from magnet coils and cooling water flow paths in ultrahigh vacuum. Considering the machine’s declining competitiveness as a light source due to its aging and emerging demands in the low-energy area, we have started a design study on the future plan, as well as discussing it closely with the user community.
Automatic online optimization on transverse emittance at SXFEL-UF injector
Authors: Zhu Zihan , Gu Duan , Gu Qiang
Published: December 2022

During the online tuning of a large-scale accelerator, the improvement of beam properties is usually conducted by operators manually, which is time-consuming and is highly dependent on their personal experience of it. In this work, we try to introduce the extremum seeking algorithm into the online beam transverse emittance optimization project in Shanghai soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser facility (SXFEL) Injector. The transverse emittance is essential to be well-controlled in the injector section, which facilitates the FEL lasing performance in the undulators. The experiment result demonstrates the efficiency of this automatic tuning approach and lays the foundation to further study and research on the achievement of automatic control in the free-electron laser facilities.
Simulation studies of superconducting afterburner operation for the European XFEL
Authors: Lechner C , Casalbuoni S , Geloni G , Marchetti B , Serkez S , Sinn H
Published: December 2022

European XFEL is a multi-beamline x-ray free-electron laser (FEL) user facility driven by a superconducting accelerator with a nominal photon energy range from 250 eV to 25 keV. An afterburner undulator based on superconducting undulator technology is currently being investigated to enable extension of the photon energy range towards harder x-rays. This afterburner undulator would be installed downstream of the already operating SASE2 FEL beamline, emitting at the fundamental or at a harmonic of the upstream undulator system. In this contribution we describe the layout under study and present numerical simulations.
A pre-series prototype for the superconducting undulator afterburner for the European XFEL
Authors: Casalbuoni S. , Baader J. , Geloni G. , Grattoni V. , Decking W. , La Civita D. , Lechner C. , Lilje L. , Liu S. , Marchetti B. , Potter A. , Schneidmiller E. , Serkez S. , Sinn H. , Wohlenberg T. , Zagorodnov I.
Published: December 2022

We propose to develop, characterize and operate a superconducting undulator (SCU) afterburner consisting of 5 undulator modules (1 module = 2 SCU coils of 2 m length and 1 phase shifter) plus a pre-series prototype at the SASE2 hard X-ray beamline of European XFEL. This afterburner will produce an output in the order of 1010ph/pulse at photon energies above 30 keV. The project is divided into the production of a pre-series prototype module and a small-series production of 5 modules. Central goals of this R&D activity are: the demonstration of the functionality of SCUs at an X-ray FEL, the set up of the needed infrastructure to characterize and operate SCUs, the industrialization of such undulators, and the reduction of the price per module. In this contribution, the main parameters and specifications of the pre-series prototype module are described.
Using Artificial Immune Systems to Sort and Shim Insertion Devices at Diamond Light Source
Authors: Whittle Joss , Basham Mark , Patel Zena , Rial Edward , Oates Robert , Moazzam Yousef
Published: December 2022

This work presents the Opt-ID software developed by the Rosalind Franklin Institute (RFI) and Diamond Light Source (DLS) in collaboration with Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB). Opt-ID allows for efficient simulation of synchrotron Insertion Devices (ID) and the B fields produced by a given arrangement of candidate magnets. It provides an optimization framework built on the Artificial Immune System (AIS) algorithm for swapping and adjusting magnets within an ID to observe how these changes would affect the magnetic field of a real-world device, guiding ID builders in the steps they should take during ID tuning. Code for Opt-ID is provided open-source under the Apache-2.0 License on Github: https://github.com/rosalindfranklininstitute/Opt-ID
Requirements and limitations of the pulsed wire technique for measuring short-period long undulators’ magnetic field
Authors: Baader J. E. , Casalbuoni S.
Published: December 2022

The pulsed wire method is an attractive option to measure the magnetic field in insertion devices, mainly for those with restricted access (e.g., small gaps, in-vacuum/cryogenic environments, etc.). Besides first and second field integrals, experiments have proved the feasibility of reconstructing the magnetic field profile. Undulators with a small gap and short period are — and are planned to be — used at diffraction-limited storage rings and free-electron lasers. This contribution outlines the pulsed wire system’s requirements to perform magnetic field reconstruction in such undulators. We examine the main expected limitations, particularly the dispersive, finite pulse-width, discretization error, and sag effects. Furthermore, we present the current status of developing the pulsed wire system at the European XFEL.
Control system for a variable period undulator prototype
Authors: Vagin P , Winkler J , Bolat H , Schöps A , Tischer M
Published: December 2022

The magnetic structure of the proposed variable period undulator consists of cylindrical magnets. Each magnet can be rotated by a small stepper motor, in order to adjust the magnetic field and form an arbitrarily shaped magnetic field profile on-axis. Meanwhile, a short prototype exists, equipped with a scalable control system to drive a large amount of stepper motors. This paper describes details of the control system implementation, results of the tests on different rotary encoder concepts for a magnet positioning feedback, and first magnetic measurements of the variable period undulator prototype.
Recent developments to the Radia magnetostatics code for improved performance and interface
Authors: Hall C. , Abell D. , Banerjee A. , Chubar O. , Edelen J. , Keilman M. , Moeller P. , Nagler R. , Nash B.
Published: December 2022

Radia is a 3D magnetostatics code that is widely used to model a range of magnets for particle accelerators, with particularly broad usage within the synchrotron light source community. Recently, Radia has been released as open source and made available for collaborative development on GitHub. A US DOE SBIR grant has been obtained for its upgrade and extension. The ongoing improvements are focused on the core physics engine, performance enhancements, and the development of a graphical user interface. Additionally, a new Python API (PyRadia) has been developed to allow for wider use of Radia outside of the existing Mathematica API. We have implemented the majority of the Radia examples in Python scripts and in Jupyter notebooks, including advanced visualization features for interactively viewing 3D geometries based on the VTK toolkit. The interaction matrix and field calculations have been parallelized using MPI and show good scaling performance on a variety of cluster architectures. The parallel Radia may be accessed via Python scripts or using the Jupyter interface. A Sirepo application is under development to provide a browser based interface to the Radia code allowing modeling of synchrotron light source magnets, with a focus on undulators. Kick maps and field maps may be exported for use in electron storage ring modeling codes such as elegant or AT, and tabulated undulator files may be exported for x-ray optics computation in a physical optics code such as Synchrotron Radiation Workshop. We summarize these developments and give an outlook for future development.
A Laser Heater Undulator for FLASH2020+
Authors: Telawane S , Schöps A , Neumann P , Ramm T , Tischer M , Vagin P
Published: December 2022

Space charge induced micro bunch instabilities, amplified in cascaded bunch compression stages, spoil the phase space of compressed bunches and lead to unstable seeding. To “heat” up the bunch with an external laser and induce an uncorrelated energy spread to suppresses the micro bunching instabilities, a short undulator will be installed in front of the first compression chicane. The undulator has a planar hybrid magnet structure with 43 mm period length, 11 full periods, 22 mm minimum gap and a deflection parameter K of 1.52 (K = (eBλ
u
/ (2πme
c, with B - max. magnetic field amplitude, λ
u
- period length) to match the 534 nm laser wavelength at 146 MeV beam energy. The paper describes the undulator’s compact design, its control system and results of magnetic measurements and tuning.
Design of Ultrahigh Energy Resolution RIXS Beamline at NanoTerasu
Authors: Miyawaki Jun , Fujii Kentaro , Imazono Takashi , Horiba Koji , Ohtsubo Yoshiyuki , Inami Nobuhito , Nakatani Takeshi , Inaba Kento , Agui Akane , Kimura Hiroaki , Takahasi Masamitu
Published: December 2022

The optical design of the ultrahigh-resolution RIXS beamline, which is currently developed at NanoTerasu in Japan, is described. The main goal of this beamline is to perform ultrahigh-resolution RIXS measurements with a total energy resolution of <10 meV at 250–1000 eV with E/ΔE>150,000 for both beamline and RIXS spectrometer. To achieve the ultra-high resolution, a 2D-RIXS spectrometer using energy-dispersive X-ray is employed to compensate for lower throughput at higher energy resolution, and the optics of the beamline is optimized for the 2D-RIXS spectrometer. A vertically dispersing in-focus variable-included-angle varied-line-spacing plane grating monochromator is employed for the beamline, with an entrance slit to ensure the ultrahigh resolution. First and second mirrors focus X-ray on entrance slits vertically and horizontally, respectively, and the divergent X-ray is irradiated onto the grating. For the 2D-RIXS spectrometer, there is no exit slit, and the vertically energy-dispersed X-ray is irradiated directly onto a sample. In front of the sample, X-ray is horizontally refocused by a Wolter type-I mirror. The expected horizontal focus size at the sample is ~0.7 μm. The expected photon flux is ~1×1011 photons/s at 500–1000 eV with a virtual slit width of 2 μm required for E/ΔE>150,000. The height of the dispersed X-ray available in the 2D-RIXS spectrometer is ~120 μm, which allows the use of a remarkably high flux of ~6×1012 photons/s, and the beamline will serve as an ultrahigh-resolution and high-efficiency RIXS facility.
PAINEIRA beamline at Sirius: an automated facility for polycrystalline XRD characterization
Authors: Estrada F R , Barrett D H , Ferreira A I , Mauricio J C , Rigamonti Jr H , Meyer B C , Tolentino H C N , Westfahl Jr H , Rodella C B
Published: December 2022

Herein we outline the design of the Paineira beamline – a beamline dedicated to powder X-ray diffraction at the new Brazilian synchrotron source (Sirius). The optical layout optimizes the high photon brightness of the fourth-generation synchrotron light source generated by an undulator. The heavy-duty diffractometer operating in Debye-Scherrer geometry has two detector setups: a multi-analyser crystal for high-resolution and an arc-shaped area detector covering 100° in scattering angle (2θ). The beamline is optimized by carrying out high-throughput measurements with the possibility of rapid setup changes to in-situ and operando measurement conditions. Paineira beamline is under construction and will open new opportunities for materials science, catalysis, energy materials, and geoscience research with synchrotron XRD in Brazil.
Design of nano-ARPES beamline at 3-GeV next-generation synchrotron radiation facility, NanoTerasu
Authors: Horiba Koji , Imazono Takashi , Iwasawa Hideaki , Fujii Kentaro , Miyawaki Jun , Ohtsubo Yoshiyuki , Inami Nobuhito , Nakatani Takeshi , Inaba Kento , Agui Akane , Kimura Hiroaki , Takahasi Masamitu
Published: December 2022

The beamline for angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) with a nano-focused beam (nano-ARPES) is planned as one of the public beamlines in NanoTerasu, the 3-GeV next-generation synchrotron radiation facility at Tohoku, Japan, which is scheduled to start operation in 2024. A 4 m long APPLE-II type undulator provides brilliant soft X-rays with various polarizations (linear horizontal and vertical, and left and right circular) in the energy range of 50-1,000 eV. A collimated plane grating monochromator is adopted as a soft X-ray monochromator because we can select the demagnification factor of grating cf f = cosα/cosβ between the high energy-resolution (HR) mode for HR-ARPES experiments and the low divergence mode for high-flux nano-ARPES measurements. This beamline aims to produce the high flux nano-focused beam by using ultrahigh precision reflective mirror optics, not a Fresnel zone plate used as a focusing optics in the previous nano-ARPES station at other synchrotron facilities.
An analytical approach to designing a future Nano-ARPES beamline for Diamond-II
Authors: Walters A C , Alianelli L , Wang H , Watson M D , Cacho C , Nicklin C , Sawhney K
Published: December 2022

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is a powerful method for measuring the electronic band structure of solids. Diamond Light Source is planning to build a multibend-achromat (MBA) synchrotron – Diamond-II - which will provide an almost diffraction-limited photon source in the vacuum-ultraviolet photon energy range. The improved emittance and higher coherence of MBA synchrotrons means that samples with features smaller than 1 µm can be readily studied using ARPES, provided the beamline is designed to take full advantage of the new photon source. We have developed an analytical method for optimising the optical design of a future Nano-ARPES beamline for Diamond-II. Our method enables one to explore large regions of parameter space for a beamline design in an unbiased and systematic way, with minimal requirements on computing power. We believe that the analytical method presented here will be a useful tool for synchrotron beamline designers, as it allows many beamline characteristics to be simulated quickly while working within any practical limitations.
Enhanced microprobe endstation for high-throughput and versatile sample analysis at APS 2-ID
Authors: Davis Benjamin , Antipova Olga , Preissner Curt , Bean Sunil , Holler Mirko , Mooney Tim , Kearney Steven , Lai Barry
Published: December 2022

The new APS-U 2-ID Microprobe instrument will provide high-throughput and versatile sample analysis capabilities and will bridge the gap to higher resolution APS-U nanoprobes. Available techniques include XRF microscopy, tomography, µXANES, µSAXS, ptychography, and laminography. A very high flux of more than 1013 photon/s is delivered across a wide range of x-ray energies from 7-20 keV. KB mirror focusing optics enable a small 50nm spot size for detailed resolution, while also providing a long working distance of 50 mm to accommodate large samples of up to 10x10 mm. The Microprobe will accommodate samples in an inert helium environment, with controlled flow of fluids, electrical biasing, and sample heating & cooling. High throughput is enabled by fast and smooth fly-scanning stages, a high-accuracy metrology system, new detectors, and upgrades in the multi-bend achromat storage ring, insertion device, 2-ID beamline, and monochromator. All these instrument upgrades will empower advancements in biological, materials and environmental sciences.
Current Status of Hard X-Ray Nano-Tomography on the Transmission Microscope at the ANATOMIX Beamline
Authors: Scheel M , Perrin J , Koch F , Daniel G , Giorgetta JL , Cauchon G , King A , Yurgens V , Le Roux V , David C , Weitkamp T
Published: December 2022

The transmission X-ray microscope (TXM) on the Anatomix beamline welcomed its first nano-tomography users in 2019. The instrument is based on diffractive optics and works in the range of energies from 7 keV to 21 keV. A spatial resolution in 3D volumes of better than 100 nm can be achieved. The design allows imaging samples in air, and local tomography as well as off-axis tomography scans are possible. Scans below and above K-edges can be made to access elemental distribution. The TXM serves materials science and the bio-medical field.
Recent developments at the COMET instrument of the SEXTANTS beamline at SOLEIL
Authors: Popescu Horia , Desjardins Kewin , Pinty Victor , Carcy Alexandre , Leveille Cyril , Gaudemer Roland , Sacchi Maurizio , Jaouen Nicolas
Published: December 2022

The COMET experimental station at SEXTANTS beamline of the SOLEIL synchrotron is dedicated to the coherent imaging of magnetic domains, using holography and ptychography, in a sample environment including magnetic fields up to 0.9 T, temperature range from 30 to 400 K and RF pumping. The 2D-detector capabilities of COMET were recently upgraded by adding to the standard CCD camera two new detectors: a high repetition rate 2D CMOS and a double delay line MCP for time resolved experiments. The three detectors can be interchanged within minutes without breaking the vacuum. The distance between an individual detector and the sample can be varied over a wide range, allowing for a trade-off between pixel size and field of view in the image reconstruction. A reconstructed pixel size of the order of 10 nm has been achieved with the new COMET setup. We report also a comparison between holographic images of magnetic domains obtained for the same sample by using the CMOS and the CCD detectors
A grazing incidence diffraction setup for Langmuir trough experiments at the high-resolution diffraction beamline P08 at PETRA III
Authors: Shen Chen , Kirchhof René , Bertram Florian
Published: December 2022

The Langmuir Grazing Incidence Diffraction setup at the high-resolution diffraction beamline P08 of PETRA III is a dedicated setup for grazing incidence X-ray scattering measurements on Langmuir troughs. The instrument is optimized for low background grazing incidence X-ray diffraction measurements at vapour-water interfaces, while offering rapid layer structure assessment by grazing incidence X-ray off-specular scattering, and interfacial element analysis by total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Its control system is intuitive and standardized to provide easy access for non-expert users, and permits automated operation except for sample exchange.
A new user-friendly materials science end station at the FinEstBeAMS beamline of MAX IV
Authors: Wang W , Kivimäki A , Chernenko K , Pärna R , Käämbre T , Kukk E , Kokko K , Valden M , Hirsimäki M , Kirm M , Huttula M
Published: December 2022

FinEstBeAMS is an atmospheric and materials science beamline located at the 1.5 GeV storage ring of the MAX IV Laboratory in Lund, Sweden. It offers a very wide photon energy range 4.5-1300 eV and radiation with different polarization characteristics. The beamline has three end stations installed at two branch lines. The new solid state end station (SSES) is described in this paper. It is a high-throughput apparatus with flexible sample preparation options for X-ray photoemission, angle-resolved photoemission, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Three examples of experiments at room temperature demonstrate the capabilities of the SSES in the research field of surface science and condensed matter physics.
Design of a soft x-ray emission spectrometer setup for soft x-ray reflectivity beamline of Indus-2
Authors: Modi Mohammed H. , Yadav P. , Gupta R.K. , Gupta Shruti
Published: December 2022

A soft x-ray reflectivity beamline is operational on Indus-2 synchrotron source since 2016 for reflectivity, transmission and absorption measurements in 100-1500 eV photon energy range. To perform spectroscopic experiments in 60-1000 eV spectral range a soft x-ray emission spectrometer (SXES) is designed which will serve as an additional experimental station on the beamline. The SXES setup is designed using aberration corrected varied line spacing flat filed gratings which will disperse soft x-ray emission photons on a CCD screen. Gratings of nominal line density of 1200 l/mm and 2400 l/mm are used to cover 60-250 eV and 120-1000 eV energy range respectively.
Realization of a Cost-Effective Deformable Grating for the Extreme-Ultraviolet
Authors: Samparisi F , Frassetto F , Zeni G , Vanzo A , Bonora S , Zuppella P , Poletto L
Published: December 2022

The application of a deformable grating to the realization of a time delay compensated monochromator is presented. The grating is realized as a replica on a thin glass substrate and the deformation is realized with a mechanical bender. The monochromator is conceived for the spectral selection of a single harmonic in the spectral range 20-80 nm in beamlines exploiting the high harmonic generation process. A possible optical design requiring only two deformable gratings, a mirror and an intermediate slit is presented.
Etched Silicon Planar CRL Optics for the High-Energy X-ray Diffraction Beamlines 11-ID-B and 11-ID-C at the APS
Authors: Ruett Uta , Gades Lisa , Borkiewicz Olaf , Quaranta Orlando , Beyer Kevin , Jennings Guy , Suzanne Miller C. , Miceli Antonino
Published: December 2022

The focusing of high-energy X-rays is most commonly achieved by commercially available compound refractive lenses (CRL), which are added together in larger structures. There is a need for high-energy X-ray beamlines to enable focusing in only one dimension down to a few micrometers to study layered materials and thin films. High-energy X-rays above 50 keV require often 100 lenses or more, therefore it is more efficient to etch the complete arrays of lenses into a monolithic substrate like a silicon wafer. Custom lens arrays were fabricated for the high-energy x-ray beamlines 11-ID-B, and 11-ID-C at the Argonne National Laboratory. The fabrication required tuning parameters of the Bosch process to optimize the etching of deep vertical sidewalls at a reasonable speed without overheating. The beamline 11-ID-B is equipped with lens arrays of 85-110 lenses for 59 keV and 190-250 lenses for 87 keV photon energy, focusing the beam vertically below 5.0 µm at the sample positions between 1600 mm to 2100 mm. 11-ID-C has received arrays of 435 lenses that focus 106 keV X-rays to a vertical height of 2.0 µm at the sample position. In both cases, the flux density gain in the focal spot is larger than a factor of 20, relative to using slits to cut the beam size. The lens setup is permanently installed and can be moved in and out of the beam during the experiment without further alignment. The lenses have enabled operando diffraction studies on interfaces in batteries and the development of pair distribution function (PDF) analysis using grazing incidence geometry.
An innovative optical element for X-ray beam aperture, monitoring, and diagnostic at the CARNAÚBA beamline at SIRIUS/LNLS
Authors: da Silva F. M. C. , Moreno G. B. Z. L. , Geraldes R. R. , Lordano S. A. , Pinto A. C. , Kofukuda L. M. , Sotero A. P. , Tolentino H. C. N.
Published: December 2022

The CARNAÚBA beamline is the tender-to-hard X-ray nanoprobe under commissioning for the new source Sirius at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). The all-achromatic optics relies on horizontal deflection mirrors, a horizontal secondary source aperture (SSA), and Kirkpatrick–Baez (KB) mirrors to reach beam size down to ~30x30 nm2 at the sample position. To handle the highly focused power density of the pink beam and reach the desired stability for the horizontal secondary source, essential for the desired focusing and coherent properties at the sample position, we present here an SSA device based on a cryogenically cooled Si crystal in a channel-cut geometry. The crystal slabs define the channel aperture, which is controlled by a fine rotation. Simultaneously to the aperture function, the device plays the key role of beam position monitor and beam diagnostic. The scattered signal from the slabs is used to monitor the horizontal beam position during experiments and serves as a feedback input for the pitch control system of the upstream focusing mirror to stabilize the beam intensity and wavefront. The Bragg magnifier geometry of the device spreads the beam over the slabs, allowing the diffracted image of the beam to be collected by an area detector. The beam spread on the slabs also reduces the power density reaching the device, keeping it stable and under controlled temperatures.