bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NOVI PODACI I DISTRIBUCIJA SAPROKSILNIH VRSTA TVRDOKRILACA (COLEOPTERA) OD ZNAČAJA ZA USPOSTAVU EKOLOŠKE MREŽE NATURA 2000, NA TERITORIJI NACIONALNOG PARKA SUTJESKA I ŠIREM PODRUČJU PLANINE ZELENGORE
Authors: Kulijer Dejan , Miljević Iva
Published: December 2017

Direktiva o staništima Evropske unije predstavlja jedan od temelja evropskog zakonodavstva u oblastizaštite prirode i zaštite biodiverziteta. Ona definiše uspostavljanje mreže posebnih područja za očuvanjebiodiverziteta, koja su poznata kao Natura 2000 područja, u cilju osiguranja dugoročnog opstanka najvrednijihi najugroženijih vrsta i staništa Evrope. Direktiva u Dodatku II navodi 38 vrsta tvrdokrilaca čijeočuvanje zahtijeva određivanje posebnih područja za zaštitu.U ovom radu prezentovani su podaci o taksonima tvrdokrilaca (Coleoptera) iz Dodatka II Direktive ostaništima Evropske unije, a koji su do sada registrovani na području Nacionalnog parka „Sutjeska“ iširem području planine Zelengore.Terenskim istraživanjem sprovedenim u 2015. i 2016. godini identifikovana su četiri taksona tvrdokrilacanavedena u Dodatku II Direktive o staništima Evropske unije: Cucujus cinnaberinus (Scopoli, 1763),Lucanus cervus (Linnaeus, 1758), Morimus asper funereus Mulsant, 1862 i Rosalia alpina (Linnaeus,1758), dok su vrste Cerambyx cerdo Linnaeus, 1758 i Osmoderma eremita (Scopoli, 1763) poznate uistraživanom području samo na osnovu literaturnih podataka, odnosno zbirki Zemaljskog muzeja Bosnei Hercegovine. Ukupno je registrovano 30 nalaza navedenih taksona tvrdokrilaca sa 20 lokaliteta, odčega je 19 nalaza prikupljeno tokom terenskih istraživanja u 2015. i 2016. godini.
VASKULARNA FLORA AKVATIČNIH I VLAŽNIH STANIŠTA UZ GLACIJALNA JEZERA U NACIONALNOM PARKU SUTJESKA (REPUBLIKA SRPSKA, BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA)
Authors: Milanović Đorđije
Published: December 2017

U radu je obrađena vaskularna flora akvatičnih i vlažnih ekosistema razvijenih u i oko glacijalnih jezera uNacionalnom parku Sutjeska. Tokom višegodišnjih terenskih istraživanja na ovim staništima pronađenoje 140 vrsta viših biljaka, od kojih se Carex limosa prvi put navodi za floru Bosne i Hercegovine. Florističkaanaliza pokazuje sličnost flore ovih ekosistema sa florom sjevernih dijelova Evrope.
Perfil do desenvolvimento motor em escolares com excesso de peso
Authors: Cruz Mayara Moura Alves da , Cesario Stephanie Dornelas , Santos Caique Aguiar dos , Silva João Pedro Lucas Neves , Moraes Íbis Ariana Peña de , Massetti Thais , Silva Talita Dias da , Monteiro Carlos Bandeira de Mello , Prado Maria Tereza Artero , Pacagnelli Francis Lopes , Fernani Deborah Cristina Gonçalves Luiz
Published: December 2017

Introdução: Diferenças relacionadas ao peso e as habilidades motoras em crianças em idade escolar ainda apresentam controversias. Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre desenvolvimento motor e nível de atividade física com o índice de massa corporal (IMC) de escolares com excesso de peso. Métodos: Foram avaliados 85 escolares de ambos os sexos, de 6 a 10 anos, de Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brasil. Os instrumentos utilizados foram a classificação do IMC/idade, a Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor e o Questionário do Nível de Atividade Física Modificado e Adaptado. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos: grupo com excesso de peso (GEP), com 50 escolares com diagnostico nutricional de sobrepeso e obesidade; e grupo com normopeso (GNP), com 35 escolares eutroficos. Para analise dos dados obtidos foram utilizados: Shapiro Wilk (normalidade), teste t de Student não pareado ou Mann Whitney (amostras independentes), teste de Spearman (correlação) e teste do χ2 (proporção), com nível de significância p<0,05. Resultados: O GEP apresentou resultados inferiores significantes no desenvolvimento motor geral (91,32±10,68 versus 97,14±9,06; p=0,010), nas áreas de motricidade fina – QM1 (93,21±21,59 versus 103,1±13,12; p=0,0138) e motricidade global – QM2 (90,31±23,54 versus 112,6±16,07; p<0,0001). Observou-se correlação positiva significativa entre o nível de atividade física e o desenvolvimento motor no GEP, nas áreas de equilibrio – QM3 (0,35080; p=0,0125) e organização espacial – QM5 (0,41820; p=0,0025). Conclusão: O GEP, quando comparado com o GNP, demonstrou resultados inferiores no quociente motor geral (QMG), QM1 e QM2.
Percepções e práticas de agentes comunitários de saúde na atenção a usuários de drogas
Authors: Batista Karen , Souto Bernardino Geraldo Alves
Published: December 2017

Introdução: No âmbito das políticas públicas vigentes no Brasil sobre atenção à saúde de pessoas que usam álcool e outras drogas, os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ACS) são profissionais de significativa importância para a busca ativa e para o cuidado dessa população. No entanto, eles têm muita dificuldade em realizar tais ações, provavelmente devido à insuficiente qualificação técnica que recebem sobre abordagem adequada de usuários de drogas. Objetivo: Descrever as percepções e as expectativas de um grupo de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde sobre usuários de álcool e outras drogas, sobre as quais fundamentam suas práticas de cuidado. Métodos: Pesquisa clinico-qualitativa, aprovada por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos, baseada na entrevista de dez Agentes Comunitários de Saúde experientes em cuidar de usuários de drogas. As entrevistas foram tratadas por estratégia ideográfica e organizadas nomoteticamente por conteúdos temáticos, os quais foram analisados sob os referenciais da clínica ampliada. Resultados: Os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde querem cuidar adequadamente dos usuários de drogas, mas não sabem como fazê-lo porque ainda convivem com noções leigas sobre essas pessoas e não recebem formação técnica suficiente. Conclusão: Esses ACS percebem a necessidade de se qualificarem e desejam essa qualificação para cuidar melhor de pessoas que usam álcool e drogas ilícitas. Portanto, para que as políticas públicas destinadas ao cuidado de quem tem problemas com o uso de drogas sejam eficazes, é indispensável a aplicação de estratégias de educação permanente capazes de transformar as práticas e as percepções desses profissionais.
ORCID: DOI para autores
Authors: Souto Ricardo Peres do
Published: December 2017

Não se aplica
Dupla variação anatômica vascular em um único indivíduo: estudo morfométrico
Authors: Ruiz Cristiane Regina , Rios Nascimento Sergio Ricardo , Vidsiunas Alex Kors , Andrades Lilian , De Souza Cristiano Cirqueira
Published: December 2017

Introdução: Variações anatômicas são pequenas diferenças morfológicas congênitas que aparecem nos diferentes sistemas orgânicos, as quais não acarretam prejuízo ou distúrbio funcional para o indivíduo. No que diz respeito aos vasos sanguíneos, alterações no desenvolvimento embriológico podem gerar duplicidade de vasos, agenesia ou ocasionar o surgimento de artérias e o desembocar de veias fora da descrição anatômica padrão. Relato de caso: Foi observada dupla variação anatômica vascular em um indivíduo durante uma dissecação de rotina no Laboratório de Anatomia do Centro Universitário São Camilo. A artéria renal principal tinha origem na parte abdominal da artéria aorta seguindo até sua entrada no hilo renal, porém, em vez de um trajeto retilíneo a partir da aorta, a mesma possuía um trajeto descendente e bem angulado. A partir da artéria renal principal surgia uma artéria polar aberrante que entrava no polo inferior do rim direito. Em um nível mais inferior, na altura da bifurcação da aorta, originava-se outra artéria polar aberrante que entrava no hilo renal, seguindo um trajeto retilíneo até o polo inferior do rim direito. A artéria hepática comum originava-se no tronco celíaco seguindo até sua entrada na porta do fígado. A artéria mesentérica superior possuía origem no tronco celíaco. A artéria hepática direita originava-se na artéria mesentérica superior. Conclusão: O estudo das variações anatômicas constitui-se tarefa árdua em virtude das inúmeras expressões diferentes que ocorrem no corpo humano, porém, o conhecimento dessas variações é de extrema valia para a clínica e o planejamento cirúrgico, garantindo a precisão e evitando complicações pós-cirúrgicas ou diagnósticos errôneos.
O câncer de mama no estado do Pará, Brasil, e o papel da Liga Acadêmica de Oncologia na promoção da saúde feminina: um relato de experiência
Authors: França Tiago Galan de , Carvalho Luis Eduardo Werneck de
Published: December 2017

Introdução: O câncer de mama é um grande agressor da saúde feminina, além de ser o segundo câncer mais incidente nessa população. É uma doença geralmente insidiosa, acometendo mulheres em idade mais avançada. Quando presente em mulheres mais jovens tem pior prognóstico. Assim, diagnóstico e tratamento precoces são essenciais para o bom prognóstico das pacientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi fazer um relato de experiência sobre uma ação de extensão realizada pela Liga Acadêmica de Oncologia do Pará (LAOPA) para detecção do câncer de mama em uma população de risco e discutir a importância de ações de extensão no Pará. Relato de experiência: Um mutirão de rastreio do câncer de mama foi realizado no município de Ananindeua, Pará, em outubro de 2015. Uma capacitação para os acadêmicos foi feita por meio de aulas expositivas sobre câncer de mama e um treino prático foi realizado em modelos anatômicos. A ação foi dividida em espaços, alguns dos quais destinavam-se às consultas e outro, a uma palestra com o tema “desmistificando o câncer de mama”. Conclusão: O 5º Mutirão da Mama se mostrou extremamente importante para o contexto da saúde feminina no Pará, pois ofertou atendimento clínico e exames gratuitos a uma população de risco para a neoplasia de mama, tornando-se também um projeto símbolo da LAOPA.
Evolução do Programa de Triagem Neonatal em hospital de referência no Ceará: 11 anos de observação
Authors: Carvalho Daniela Cavalcanti e Silva Novais , Macedo Tereza Callou Couto , Moreno Magnollya , Figueiredo Francisco Winter Dos Santos , Sales Iara Bezerra , Christofolini Juliana , Bianco Bianca , Barbosa Caio Parente , Christofolini Denise Maria
Published: December 2017

Introdução: O Programa Nacional de Triagem Neonatal (PNTN) tem como objetivo a detecção de doenças congênitas em fase pré-sintomática. Esse teste é realizado em todos os Estados do Brasil, porém com diferentes realidades quanto à incidência das doenças diagnosticadas devido à diversa origem étnica observada nacionalmente. O registro dos casos permite a elaboração de políticas públicas de prevenção e tratamento. Objetivo: Analisar a eficácia de um programa de triagem neonatal em um hospital de referência do Estado do Ceará ao longo dos últimos 11 anos. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado a partir de prontuários de crianças nascidas entre os anos de 2002 e 2012 no referido hospital. Resultados: Dos 5.000 testes realizados, 2.893 prontuários completos foram incluídos no estudo (57,8%). Desses casos, dois apresentaram fenilcetonúria e três, hipotireoidismo. Uma vez que quase a metade dos resultados dos testes não estava devidamente registrada no prontuário clínico dos pacientes, tornou-se inviável o cálculo de frequência da doença na população. Conclusão: A falha no registro dos dados do teste de triagem pode fazer com que falte aos gestores municipais e hospitalares o conhecimento sobre o número de casos da região, acarretando, consequentemente, falha nas estratégias de tratamento. Verifica-se a necessidade de organização de um banco de dados informatizado e de capacitação dos profissionais de saúde para o preenchimento dos dados do teste, para viabilizar o diagnóstico e o tratamento precoces, bem como permitir o delineamento do cenário real sobre a incidência das doenças diagnosticadas pelo “Teste do Pezinho” no Brasil.
Síndrome metabólica em idosos de Nova Roma do Sul, RS: prevalência e fatores associados
Authors: Zoraski Helena , Fiametti Marilene , Santos Ramison Dos , Gregoletto Maria Luisa de Oliveira , Cremonese Cleber
Published: December 2017

Introdução: Síndrome metabólica (SM) é um transtorno complexo caracterizado por um conjunto de alterações fisiopatológicas simultâneas, como alteração no perfil glicêmico, lipídico, nos níveis pressóricos e obesidade central. Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência de síndrome metabólica em idosos e fatores sociodemográficos, socioeconômicos e comportamentais associados. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo transversal com 293 idosos, residentes no município de Nova Roma do Sul (RS), Brasil. Dados foram coletados por meio de questionário, medidas antropométricas e exames bioquímicos. Determinou-se a síndrome metabólica segundo a National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Tratment Panel III. Aplicou-se estatística descritiva e teste do χ2, além da Regressão de Poisson. Resultados: A prevalência geral foi de 37,2%. Na análise ajustada, a baixa escolaridade (RP=1,40; IC95% 1,07–1,82), o excesso de peso (RP=4,36; IC95% 2,47–7,68) e o consumo frequente de doces (RP=0,74; IC95% 0,57–0,97) estiveram associados ao desfecho. Conclusão: A prevalência de SM apresentou-se elevada, principalmente entre idosos com excesso de peso e com baixa escolaridade. Resultado preocupante, principalmente diante dos agravos que esse distúrbio metabólico pode causar à saúde. Evidencia-se a necessidade de ações, ainda em fase adulta, visando à elaboração de estratégias que atentem integralmente à saúde do idoso.
Entendimento do Tribunal de Justiça do Pará sobre o erro médico na esfera penal
Authors: Braga Isabel De Fátima Alvim , Ertler Laila Zelkcovicz , Garbin Helena Beatriz da Rocha
Published: December 2017

Introdução: O processo por erro médico costuma ter impacto profundo tanto na vida profissional como na vida pessoal do médico. Entretanto, como a judicialização da medicina é recente, carece de estudos com análise dos fatos a partir da dupla perspectiva da Medicina e do Direito. Objetivo: Analisar os processos da esfera penal do Tribunal de Justiça do Pará. Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa por palavra-chave no site do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Pará (TJPA) com o termo de pesquisa: “erro médico”. Resultados: Foram encontrados 42 julgados jurisprudenciais. Desses, 24 foram excluídos, pois: 4 eram repetições; 19 eram crimes não cometidos por médicos e 1 por tratar de difamação. Ocorreu uma prescrição e três processos ainda não haviam sido julgados na primeira instância. Dos 14 processos julgados, houve 6 condenações e 8 absolvições. A distribuição por especialidades se deu da seguinte maneira: 8 na ginecologia-obstetrícia (GO); 4 na emergência clínica; 2 na cirurgia geral; 1 em anestesiologia/cirurgia plástica; 1 em oftalmologia; 1 em ortopedia; e 1 em radiologia. Conclusão: Os casos de acusação de supostos erros cometidos por médicos no exercício de suas especialidades ainda são raros no panorama geral do Pará. As especialidades ligadas à cirurgia e às situações de emergência, principalmente GO, foram as principais envolvidas nesse tipo de processo.
Salt-inducible kinase 3 regulates the mammalian circadian clock by destabilizing PER2 protein
Authors: Hayasaka Naoto , Hirano Arisa , Miyoshi Yuka , Tokuda Isao T , Yoshitane Hikari , Matsuda Junichiro , Fukada Yoshitaka
Published: December 2017

Salt-inducible kinase 3 (SIK3) plays a crucial role in various aspects of metabolism. In the course of investigating metabolic defects in Sik3-deficient mice (Sik3-/-), we observed that circadian rhythmicity of the metabolisms was phase-delayed. Sik3-/- mice also exhibited other circadian abnormalities, including lengthening of the period, impaired entrainment to the light-dark cycle, phase variation in locomotor activities, and aberrant physiological rhythms. Ex vivo suprachiasmatic nucleus slices from Sik3-/- mice exhibited destabilized and desynchronized molecular rhythms among individual neurons. In cultured cells, Sik3-knockdown resulted in abnormal bioluminescence rhythms. Expression levels of PER2, a clock protein, were elevated in Sik3-knockdown cells but down-regulated in Sik3-overexpressing cells, which could be attributed to a phosphorylation-dependent decrease in PER2 protein stability. This was further confirmed by PER2 accumulation in the Sik3-/- fibroblasts and liver. Collectively, SIK3 plays key roles in circadian rhythms by facilitating phosphorylation-dependent PER2 destabilization, either directly or indirectly.
Clearance of senescent decidual cells by uterine natural killer cells in cycling human endometrium
Authors: Brighton Paul J , Maruyama Yojiro , Fishwick Katherine , Vrljicak Pavle , Tewary Shreeya , Fujihara Risa , Muter Joanne , Lucas Emma S , Yamada Taihei , Woods Laura , Lucciola Raffaella , Hou Lee Yie , Takeda Satoru , Ott Sascha , Hemberger Myriam , Quenby Siobhan , Brosens Jan Joris
Published: December 2017

In cycling human endometrium, menstruation is followed by rapid estrogen-dependent growth. Upon ovulation, progesterone and rising cellular cAMP levels activate the transcription factor Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) in endometrial stromal cells (EnSCs), leading to cell cycle exit and differentiation into decidual cells that control embryo implantation. Here we show that FOXO1 also causes acute senescence of a subpopulation of decidualizing EnSCs in an IL-8 dependent manner. Selective depletion or enrichment of this subpopulation revealed that decidual senescence drives the transient inflammatory response associated with endometrial receptivity. Further, senescent cells prevent differentiation of endometrial mesenchymal stem cells in decidualizing cultures. As the cycle progresses, IL-15 activated uterine natural killer (uNK) cells selectively target and clear senescent decidual cells through granule exocytosis. Our findings reveal that acute decidual senescence governs endometrial rejuvenation and remodeling at embryo implantation, and suggest a critical role for uNK cells in maintaining homeostasis in cycling endometrium.
Eye opening differentially modulates inhibitory synaptic transmission in the developing visual cortex
Authors: Guan Wuqiang , Cao Jun-Wei , Liu Lin-Yun , Zhao Zhi-Hao , Fu Yinghui , Yu Yong-Chun
Published: December 2017

Eye opening, a natural and timed event during animal development, influences cortical circuit assembly and maturation; yet, little is known about its precise effect on inhibitory synaptic connections. Here, we show that coinciding with eye opening, the strength of unitary inhibitory postsynaptic currents (uIPSCs) from somatostatin-expressing interneurons (Sst-INs) to nearby excitatory neurons, but not interneurons, sharply decreases in layer 2/3 of the mouse visual cortex. In contrast, the strength of uIPSCs from fast-spiking interneurons (FS-INs) to excitatory neurons significantly increases during eye opening. More importantly, these developmental changes can be prevented by dark rearing or binocular lid suture, and reproduced by the artificial opening of sutured lids. Mechanistically, this differential maturation of synaptic transmission is accompanied by a significant change in the postsynaptic quantal size. Together, our study reveals a differential regulation in GABAergic circuits in the cortex driven by eye opening may be crucial for cortical maturation and function.
Cranial osteology of the pampathereHolmesina floridanus(Xenarthra: Cingulata; Blancan NALMA), including a description of an isolated petrosal bone
Authors: Gaudin Timothy J. , Lyon Lauren M.
Published: December 2017

The present study entails descriptions of several well-preserved skulls from the pampathere speciesHolmesina floridanus, recovered from Pliocene localities in central Florida and housed in the collections of the Florida Museum of Natural History. Bone by bone descriptions have allowed detailed reconstructions of cranial morphology. Cranial foramina are described and illustrated in detail, and their contents inferred. The first ever description of an isolated pampathere petrosal is also included. Cranial osteology ofHolmesina floridanusis compared to that of Pleistocene species ofHolmesinafrom both North and South America (Holmesina septentrionalis,Holmesina occidentalis), as well as to the other well-known pampathere genera, to closely related taxa among glyptodonts (Propalaehoplophorus), and to extinct and extant armadillos (Proeutatus, Euphractus). This study identifies a suite of apomorphic cranial features that serve to diagnose a putative, progressive series of more inclusive monophyletic groups, including the speciesHolmesina floridanus, the genusHolmesina, pampatheres, pampatheres plus glyptodonts, and a clade formed by pampatheres, glyptodonts, andProeutatus. The study highlights the need for further anatomical investigations of pampathere cranial anatomy, especially those using modern scanning technology, and for analyses of pampathere phylogenetic relationships.
Comparison of interactive video test performance to overall class performance in a biomechanics course
Authors: Bennett Guinevere S.
Published: December 2017

Objective:

This study compared interactive video test performance and students' overall class performance. The hypothesis was that there would be a difference in video test performance compared to overall class performance.

Methods:

A total of 30 students participated in the pilot study from a master's level biomechanics course. Students completed four interactive video tests using EduCanon; content of videos included base of support, lever systems, scapulohumeral rhythm, and postural analysis. This content was reviewed with class discussion after completion of the interactive video test. The tests administered counted toward the participation portion of the final student grade. Student performance on the EduCanon interactive video test was compared to overall class grade using a paired t-test.

Results:

All 30 students completed the 4 EduCanon interactive video tests. Final class grades were greater compared to cumulative EduCanon test performance. There was no difference between performance using interactive video testing compared to students' overall class performance (t[29] = −1.43, p = .16).

Conclusion:

The results of this study did not support improved student assessment performance with incorporation of interactive video testing in the classroom environment. Continued research into new testing strategies is recommended to identify additional effective testing in the classroom.
Training chiropractic students in weight management counseling using standardized patients
Authors: Hawk Cheryl , Ramcharan Michael , Kruger Carla LeRiche
Published: December 2017

Objective:

The aim of this study was to describe and assess an activity that trained chiropractic students to counsel patients on weight management through the use of standardized patients.

Methods:

This was a descriptive study using mixed methods. Students were trained to apply health behavior theory and the transtheoretical model. Standardized patients were given a case to portray with the students. Students had 15 minutes for the encounter. The encounters were assessed in 2 ways: (1) standardized patients answered a brief questionnaire about the students' performance, and (2) students answered a questionnaire about the utility of the intervention. Numerical data were extracted from the audiovisual management platform, and statistics were computed for each question. Comments made by students and patients were transferred verbatim for content analysis.

Results:

A total of 102 students took part in the activity. Students' performance in the encounter was uniformly high, with over 90% “yes” responses to all questions except “gave me printed information material” and “discussed the printed material with me.” The key issue identified in the comments by standardized patients was that students tended not to connect weight management with their chief complaint (low back pain). Nearly all students (97%) thought the activity would be useful to their future practice, and 97% felt it had increased their confidence in providing weight management counseling.

Conclusion:

This experiential activity was assessed to be useful to students' future practice and appeared to provide them with skills to successfully communicate with patients on weight management.
Seasonal Variability in Regional Ice Flow Due to Meltwater Injection Into the Shear Margins of Jakobshavn Isbræ
Authors: Cavanagh J. P. , Lampkin D. J. , Moon T.
Published: December 2017

The impact of meltwater injection into the shear margins of Jakobshavn Isbræ via drainage from water‐filled crevasses on ice flow is examined. We use Landsat‐8 Operational Land Imager panchromatic, high‐resolution imagery to monitor the spatiotemporal variability of seven water‐filled crevasse ponds during the summers of 2013 to 2015. The timing of drainage from water‐filled crevasses coincides with an increase of 2 to 20% in measured ice velocity beyond Jakobshavn Isbræ shear margins, which we define as extramarginal ice velocity. Some water‐filled crevasse groups demonstrate multiple drainage events within a single melt season. Numerical simulations show that hydrologic shear weakening due to water‐filled crevasse drainage can accelerate extramarginal flow by as much as ~35% within 10 km of the margins and enhance mass flux through the shear margins by 12%. This work demonstrates a novel mechanism through which surface melt can influence regional ice flow.
Seasonal Dependence of Geomagnetic Active‐Time Northern High‐Latitude Upper Thermospheric Winds
Authors: Dhadly Manbharat S. , Emmert John T. , Drob Douglas P. , Conde Mark G. , Doornbos Eelco , Shepherd Gordon G. , Makela Jonathan J. , Wu Qian , Nieciejewski Richard J. , Ridley Aaron J.
Published: December 2017

This study is focused on improving the poorly understood seasonal dependence of northern high‐latitude F region thermospheric winds under active geomagnetic conditions. The gaps in our understanding of the dynamic high‐latitude thermosphere are largely due to the sparseness of thermospheric wind measurements. With current observational facilities, it is infeasible to construct a synoptic picture of thermospheric winds, but enough data with wide spatial and temporal coverage have accumulated to construct a meaningful statistical analysis. We use long‐term data from eight ground‐based and two space‐based instruments to derive climatological wind patterns as a function of magnetic local time, magnetic latitude, and season. These diverse data sets possess different geometries and different spatial and solar activity coverage. The major challenge is to combine these disparate data sets into a coherent picture while overcoming the sampling limitations and biases among them. In our previous study (focused on quiet time winds), we found bias in the Gravity Field and Steady State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) cross‐track winds. Here we empirically quantify the GOCE bias and use it as a correction profile for removing apparent bias before empirical wind formulation. The assimilated wind patterns exhibit all major characteristics of high‐latitude neutral circulation. The latitudinal extent of duskside circulation expands almost 10∘ from winter to summer. The dawnside circulation subsides from winter to summer. Disturbance winds derived from geomagnetic active and quiet winds show strong seasonal and latitudinal variability. Comparisons between wind patterns derived here and Disturbance Wind Model (DWM07) (which have no seasonal dependence) suggest that DWM07 is skewed toward summertime conditions.
Kilometric Scale Modeling of the North West European Shelf Seas: Exploring the Spatial and Temporal Variability of Internal Tides
Authors: Guihou K. , Polton J. , Harle J. , Wakelin S. , O'Dea E. , Holt J.
Published: December 2017

The North West European Shelf break acts as a barrier to the transport and exchange between the open ocean and the shelf seas. The strong spatial variability of these exchange processes is hard to fully explore using observations, and simulations generally are too coarse to simulate the fine‐scale processes over the whole region. In this context, under the FASTNEt program, a new NEMO configuration of the North West European Shelf and Atlantic Margin at 1/60° (∼1.8 km) has been developed, with the objective to better understand and quantify the seasonal and interannual variability of shelf break processes. The capability of this configuration to reproduce the seasonal cycle in SST, the barotropic tide, and fine‐resolution temperature profiles is assessed against a basin‐scale (1/12°, ∼9 km) configuration and a standard regional configuration (7 km resolution). The seasonal cycle is well reproduced in all configurations though the fine‐resolution allows the simulation of smaller scale processes. Time series of temperature at various locations on the shelf show the presence of internal waves with a strong spatiotemporal variability. Spectral analysis of the internal waves reveals peaks at the diurnal, semidiurnal, inertial, and quarter‐diurnal bands, which are only realistically reproduced in the new configuration. Tidally induced pycnocline variability is diagnosed in the model and shown to vary with the spring neap cycle with mean displacement amplitudes in excess of 2 m for 30% of the stratified domain. With sufficiently fine resolution, internal tides are shown to be generated at numerous bathymetric features resulting in a complex pycnocline displacement superposition pattern.
The Effect of Barotropic and Baroclinic Tides on Coastal Stratification and Mixing
Authors: Suanda S. H. , Feddersen F. , Kumar N.
Published: December 2017

The effects of barotropic and baroclinic tides on subtidal stratification and vertical mixing are examined with high‐resolution, three‐dimensional numerical simulations of the Central Californian coastal upwelling region. A base simulation with realistic atmospheric and regional‐scale boundary forcing but no tides (NT) is compared to two simulations with the addition of predominantly barotropic local tides (LT) and with combined barotropic and remotely generated, baroclinic tides (WT) with
100
onshore baroclinic energy flux. During a 10 day period of coastal upwelling when the domain volume‐averaged temperature is similar in all three simulations, LT has little difference in subtidal temperature and stratification compared to NT. In contrast, the addition of remote baroclinic tides (WT) reduces the subtidal continental shelf stratification up to 50% relative to NT. Idealized simulations to isolate barotropic and baroclinic effects demonstrate that within a parameter space of typical U.S. West Coast continental shelf slopes, barotropic tidal currents, incident energy flux, and subtidal stratification, the dissipating baroclinic tide destroys stratification an order of magnitude faster than barotropic tides. In WT, the modeled vertical temperature diffusivity at the top (base) of the bottom (surface) boundary layer is increased up to 20 times relative to NT. Therefore, the width of the inner‐shelf (region of surface and bottom boundary layer overlap) is increased approximately 4 times relative to NT. The change in stratification due to dissipating baroclinic tides is comparable to the magnitude of the observed seasonal cycle of stratification.
Is the State of the Air‐Sea Interface a Factor in Rapid Intensification and Rapid Decline of Tropical Cyclones?
Authors: Soloviev Alexander V. , Lukas Roger , Donelan Mark A. , Haus Brian K. , Ginis Isaac
Published: December 2017

Tropical storm intensity prediction remains a challenge in tropical meteorology. Some tropical storms undergo dramatic rapid intensification and rapid decline. Hurricane researchers have considered particular ambient environmental conditions including the ocean thermal and salinity structure and internal vortex dynamics (e.g., eyewall replacement cycle, hot towers) as factors creating favorable conditions for rapid intensification. At this point, however, it is not exactly known to what extent the state of the sea surface controls tropical cyclone dynamics. Theoretical considerations, laboratory experiments, and numerical simulations suggest that the air‐sea interface under tropical cyclones is subject to the Kelvin‐Helmholtz type instability. Ejection of large quantities of spray particles due to this instability can produce a two‐phase environment, which can attenuate gravity‐capillary waves and alter the air‐sea coupling. The unified parameterization of waveform and two‐phase drag based on the physics of the air‐sea interface shows the increase of the aerodynamic drag coefficientwith wind speed up to hurricane force (m s−1). Remarkably, there is a localminimum—“an aerodynamic drag well”—at aroundm s−1. The negative slope of thedependence on wind‐speed between approximately 35 and 60 m s−1favors rapid storm intensification. In contrast, the positive slope ofwind‐speed dependence above 60 m s−1is favorable for a rapid storm decline of the most powerful storms. In fact, the storms that intensify to Category 5 usually rapidly weaken afterward.
Determination of the Global‐Average Charge Moment of a Lightning Flash Using Schumann Resonances and the LIS/OTD Lightning Data
Authors: Boldi Robert , Williams Earle , Guha Anirban
Published: December 2017

In this paper, we use (1) the 20 year record of Schumann resonance (SR) signals measured at West Greenwich Rhode Island, USA, (2) the 19 year Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS)/Optical Transient Detector (OTD) lightning data, and (3) the normal mode equations for a uniform cavity model to quantify the relationship between the observed Schumann resonance modal intensity and the global‐average vertical charge moment change M (C km) per lightning flash. This work, by integrating SR measurements with satellite‐based optical measurements of global flash rate, accomplishes this quantification for the first time. To do this, we first fit the intensity spectra of the observed SR signals to an eight‐mode, three parameter per mode, (symmetric) Lorentzian line shape model. Next, using the LIS/OTD lightning data and the normal mode equations for a uniform cavity model, we computed the expected climatological‐daily‐average intensity spectra. We then regressed the observed modal intensity values against the expected modal intensity values to find the best fit value of the global‐average vertical charge moment change of a lightning flash (M) to be 41 C km per flash with a 99% confidence interval of ±3.9 C km per flash, independent of mode. Mode independence argues that the model adequately captured the modal intensity, the most important fit parameter herein considered. We also tested this relationship for the presence of residual modal intensity at zero lightning flashes per second and found no evidence that modal intensity is significantly different than zero at zero lightning flashes per second, setting an upper limit to the amount of nonlightning contributions to the observed modal intensity.
Spectral Characteristics of VLF Sferics Associated With RHESSI TGFs
Authors: Mezentsev Andrew , Lehtinen Nikolai , Østgaard Nikolai , Pérez‐Invernón F. J. , Cummer Steven A.
Published: December 2017

We compared the modeled energy spectral density of very low frequency (VLF) radio emissions from terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) with the energy spectral density of VLF radio sferics recorded by Duke VLF receiver simultaneously with those TGFs. In total, six events with world wide lightning location network (WWLLN) defined locations were analyzed to exhibit a good fit between the modeled and observed energy spectral densities. In VLF range the energy spectral density of the TGF source current moment is found to be dominated by the contribution of secondary low‐energy electrons and independent of the relativistic electrons which play their role in low‐frequency (LF) range. Additional spectral modulation by the multiplicity of TGF peaks was found and demonstrated a good fit for two TGFs whose VLF sferics consist of two overlapping pulses each. The number of seeding pulses in TGF defines the spectral shape in VLF range, which allows to retrieve this number from VLF sferics, assuming they were radiated by TGFs. For two events it was found that the number of seeding pulses is small, of the order of 10. For the rest of the events the lower boundary of the number of seeding pulses was found to be between 10 to 103.
Constraints on Meteoric Smoke Composition and Meteoric Influx Using SOFIE Observations With Models
Authors: Hervig Mark E. , Brooke James S. A. , Feng Wuhu , Bardeen Charles G. , Plane John M. C.
Published: December 2017

The composition of meteoric smoke particles in the mesosphere is constrained using measurements from the Solar Occultation For Ice Experiment (SOFIE) in conjunction with models. Comparing the multiwavelength observations with models suggests smoke compositions of magnetite, wüstite, magnesiowüstite, or iron‐rich olivine. Smoke compositions of pure pyroxene, hematite, iron‐poor olivine, magnesium silicate, and silica are excluded, although this may be because these materials have weak signatures at the SOFIE wavelengths. Information concerning smoke composition allows the SOFIE extinction measurements to be converted to smoke volume density. Comparing the observed volume density with model results for varying meteoric influx (MI) provides constraints on the ablated fraction of incoming meteoric material. The results indicate a global ablated MI of 3.3 ± 1.9 t d−1, which represents only iron, magnesium, and possibly silica, given the smoke compositions indicated here. Considering the optics and iron content of individual smoke compositions gives an ablated Fe influx of 1.8 ± 0.9 t d−1. Finally, the global total meteoric influx (ablated plus surviving) is estimated to be 30 ± 18 t d−1, when considering the present results and a recent description of the speciation of meteoric material.
Unraveling the Role of Temperature and Rainfall on Active Fires in the Brazilian Amazon Using a Nonlinear Poisson Model
Authors: Lima Carlos H. R. , AghaKouchak Amir , Randerson James T.
Published: December 2017

Extreme droughts and high temperatures have become more frequent in the last two decades, increasing fire risk in the Amazon. The overarching goal of this study is to shed light on the influence of temperature and rainfall on fire occurrence for the 1998–2013 period. We use a Poisson regression to model satellite‐based monthly fire counts across the Brazilian Amazon as a function of observed rainfall and temperature. Specifically, in the nonlinear regression framework we explore the fire count at month t as a function of the total monthly rainfall and monthly average of maximum daily temperatures at month t as well as lagged observations of these two predictors and of the fire counts. Our results indicate that the influence of temperature on fire counts can be larger than the effects of rainfall. Considering the temperature‐fire relationship, the extra variance explained by rainfall is about 9%. Assuming average rainfall, we show that a 1°C increase in the monthly average of maximum daily temperatures results in a 30% increase in fire counts (19 fires per Mha more than the average), which translates into significant changes in the likelihood of fires within the Amazon. Our findings provide new insight about the role of temperature and rainfall in regulating fire occurrence in the Amazon, and the sensitivity of fire counts to relatively small changes in temperature highlights the vulnerability of the Amazon in a warming climate, where much higher temperatures are expected by the end of this century.
Anthropogenic Phosphorus Inputs to a River Basin and Their Impacts on Phosphorus Fluxes Along Its Upstream‐Downstream Continuum
Authors: Zhang Wangshou , Swaney Dennis P. , Hong Bongghi , Howarth Robert W.
Published: December 2017

The increasing trend in riverine phosphorus (P) loads resulting from anthropogenic inputs has gained wide attention because of the well‐known role of P in eutrophication. So far, however, there is still limited scientific understanding of anthropogenic P inputs and their impacts on riverine flux in river reaches along the upstream‐to‐downstream continuum. Here we investigated P budgets in a series of nested watersheds draining into Hongze Lake of China and developed an empirical function to describe the relationship between anthropogenic inputs and riverine P fluxes. Our results indicated that there are obvious gradients regarding P budgets in response to changes in human activities. Fertilizer application and food and feed P import was always the dominant source of P inputs in all sections, followed by nonfood P. Further interpretation using the model revealed the processes of P loading to the lake. About 2%–9% of anthropogenic P inputs are transported from the various sections into the corresponding tributaries of the river systems, depending upon local precipitation rates. Of this amount, around 41%–95% is delivered to the main stem of the Huai River after in‐stream attenuation in its tributaries. Ultimately, 55%–86% of the P loads delivered to different locations of the main stem are transported into the receiving lake of the downstream, due to additional losses in the main stem. An integrated P management strategy that considers the gradients of P loss along the upstream‐to‐downstream continuum is required to assess and optimize P management to protect the region's freshwater resource.
Empirical Modeling of the Quiet and Storm Time Geosynchronous Magnetic Field
Authors: Andreeva V. A. , Tsyganenko N. A.
Published: December 2017

A dynamical empirical model of the near‐geosynchronous magnetic field has been constructed, based on a recently developed radial basis functions approach and a multiyear set of spacecraft data taken by Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS), Polar, Cluster, and Van Allen Probes missions including 133 geomagnetic storms in the time interval between 1996 and 2016. The model describes the field as a function of Cartesian solar magnetic coordinates, dipole tilt angle, and solar wind ram pressure and of a set of dynamic variables representing the response of the magnetosphere to the external driving/loading during the active phase of a space weather event, followed by the internal relaxation/dissipation during the storm recovery. In terms of the disturbance level, the model's validity range extends to intense storms with peakSYM‐Hvalues down to −150 nT. The spatial validity domain is a toroidal volume bounded by the inner (L∼ 5) and outer (L∼ 9) dipolar L shells, which allows the model to be used for tracing field lines to magnetically map geosynchronous spacecraft locations down to low altitudes. The model has been validated on independent out‐of‐sample magnetic field data and compared with an earlier empirical model and GOES 15 data taken in 2012 and 2015.
Dietary Onion or Ginger Modulates the Stress Response and Susceptibility to Vibrio harveyi JML1 Infection in Brown-marbled Grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus Juveniles
Authors: Amar E. C. , Apines-Amar M. J. S. , Faisan J. P.
Published: December 2017

Onion Allium cepa and ginger Zingiber officinale have health-promoting properties that qualify them as functional foods. The effect of repeated acute stressors was examined in juvenile Brown-marbled Grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus that were fed four diets supplemented with onion at 1.8%, ginger at 1.8%, vitamin C at 0.86%, and β-glucan at 0.8% of the diet. The non-supplemented diet served as the control. After 12 weeks of feeding, fish were exposed to stressors and were experimentally infected with a fish pathogen, the bacterium Vibrio harveyi JML1. After repeated exposure to hypoxia, cortisol levels rose significantly in the non-supplemented fish compared to those fed onion, ginger, β-glucan, or vitamin C. Within groups, postexposure cortisol levels in the onion-, ginger-, and vitamin C-fed fish did not change relative to pre-stress levels, whereas significant increases in poststress values were observed in the control and β-glucan groups. The net cortisol increase was also significantly greater in the non-supplemented group compared to the supplemented groups. The net cortisol increase did not vary among the supplemented groups except that the β-glucan-fed group exhibited a higher net increase than the onion-fed group. Similarly, repeated acute exposure to osmotic stress significantly increased the plasma cortisol level in the non-supplemented group compared to groups that received supplements; no differences were found in the supplemented groups except the β-glucan group. Within groups, significant increases in poststress values relative to pre-stress levels were found only in the control and β-glucan groups. Repeated acute exposure to hypoxia significantly increased cumulative mortality in the control group compared to the supplemented groups (except the β-glucan group), whereas repeated exposure to acute osmotic stress significantly increased cumulative mortality only in the control group 10 d after infection with V. harveyi JML1. Based on our collective results, most of the supplemented groups performed better than the control, but the best supplements were onion and ginger in terms of enhancing stress tolerance and increasing survival of Brown-marbled Grouper upon infection with V. harveyi JML1.
Children Born by Women With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Increased Susceptibility for Chronic Diseases: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Jølving Line R. , Nielsen Jan , Kesmodel Ulrik S. , Nielsen Rasmus G. , Beck‐Nielsen Signe S. , Nørgård Bente M.
Published: December 2017

Objective

Fetal exposure to maternal rheumatoid arthritis (RA) might impact the long‐term risk of disease in the offspring. We examined a possible association between maternal RA and 15 selected groups of chronic diseases in the offspring.

Methods

This nationwide cohort study was based on the Danish health registries and included data on all children born alive in Denmark between January 1, 1989 and December 31, 2013. The cohort comprised 2,106 children born by women with RA (exposed), and 1,378,539 children born by women without RA (unexposed). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used, taking a large range of confounders into consideration, and the hazard ratios (HRs) of child and adolescent diseases were calculated.

Results

In children exposed to maternal RA in utero, the HR of thyroid diseases was 2.19 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.14–4.21), epilepsy 1.61 (95% CI 1.16–2.25), and RA 2.89 (95% CI 2.06–4.05). The HRs for anxiety and personality disorders and chronic lung disease including asthma were in the range of 1.15–1.16, but these were not statistically significant associations.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that in utero exposure to maternal RA is associated with an increased risk of thyroid disease and epilepsy in childhood and adolescence, and in particular an increased risk of RA, compared to children born to mothers without RA. These important findings should encourage pediatricians and general practitioners to have an increased awareness of certain chronic diseases in children exposed to RA in utero.
Controlled Friction Behaviors of Porous Copper/Graphite Storing Ionic Liquid through Electrical Stimulation
Authors: Zhang Guoliang , Xie Guoxin , Wang Jie , Si Lina , Guo Dan , Wen Shizhu , Yang Fan
Published: December 2017

Porous copper/graphite composites storing stimuli‐responsive lubricant can be used to fabricate a new kind of electrical contact friction materials. However, the synergetic lubricating effect of solid and liquid lubricants incorporated into the copper matrix is rarely discussed. In this work, neat copper and its composites storing ionic liquids (ILs) have been successfully prepared via a template‐free strategy. The effect of frictional, electrical, and electro‐frictional coupling stimulation on the tribological behavior of the copper filled with graphite has been investigated using ball‐on‐disk friction tests. Results show that a high voltage may accelerate the release of the ILs stored in the composite to the friction interface, thereby resulting in a low coefficient of friction (COF) (ca. 0.14) at the voltage of 0.5 V, which is superior to those of the pure copper without applying voltage. The COF is more stable in copper/graphite composite storing ILs (SI) than in copper‐SI. Therefore, the graphite efficiently protects the surface of the sample from wear and electrochemical corrosion.