bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Oximes to Trisubstituted β‐Nitroacrylates: An Organocatalytic Approach to β2,2‐Amino Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Zhang Fu‐Gen , Yang Qing‐Qing , Xuan Jun , Lu Hai‐Hua , Duan Shu‐Wen , Chen Jia‐Rong , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: February 2011

The configuration of the olefins has significant influence on the stereoselectivity: the (Z)‐isomer provides the highest yield and enantioselectivity, while the (E)‐isomer or the Z/E‐mixture afford poor results.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective and Efficient Organocatalytic Aldol Reaction of Acetone and β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Keto Ester.
Authors: Li Pengfei , Zhao Junling , Li Fengbo , Chan Albert S. C. , Kwong Fuk Yee
Published: February 2011

The process creates a chiral quaternary carbon center bearing a tertiary alcohol, an alkene and a carbonyl moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: A Direct Ylide Transfer to Carbonyl Derivatives and Heteroaromatic Compounds.
Authors: Huang Xueliang , Goddard Richard , Maulide Nuno
Published: February 2011

A new transfer reaction is developed using Martin′s sulfurane (II) as diphenyl sulfide source which allows a direct and simple synthesis of sulfur ylides from active methylene compounds and related heteroarenes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple, Base‐Free Preparation of S‐Aryl Thioacetates as Surrogates for Aryl Thiols.
Authors: van den Hoogenband Adri , Lange Jos H. M. , Bronger Raymond P. J. , Stoit Axel R. , Terpstra Jan Willem
Published: February 2011

A novel and mild Pd‐catalyzed procedure is described for the cross‐coupling reaction of aryl bromides and aryl triflates with potassium thioacetate.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Biaryls by Condensation of 2‐Fluoro‐1,3‐bis(silyloxy) 1,3‐Dienes with 3‐Cyanochromones and Subsequent Domino “Retro‐Michael/Aldol/Fragmentation”.
Authors: Ibad Muhammad Farooq , Abid Obaid‐ur‐Rahman , Adeel Muhammad , Nawaz Muhammad , Wolf Verena , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter
Published: February 2011

TmsOTf‐mediated coupling is followed by treatment with NEt3 to provide azaxanthones and/or highly functionalized biaryls depending on the diene structure.
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki—Miyaura and Hiyama Reactions Catalyzed by Orthopalladated Triarylphosphite Complexes.
Authors: Blaszczyk Izabela , Trzeciak Anna M.
Published: February 2011

The synthesis of biaryl (IIIa) is examined by application of 11 palladium complexes bearing triphenylphosphito ligands in both C—C coupling methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fe3O4 Microspheres‐Supported Catalysts for Suzuki Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Zhang Yanqi , Wei Xianwen , Yao Zijian
Published: February 2011

Among a variety of title catalysts the Fe3O4—G4—polyaminoamido (PAMAM) dendrimers—Pd(0) catalyst is found to be the most efficient for the Suzuki coupling reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chalcones and Flavanones Using Julia—Kocienski Olefination.
Authors: Kumar Atul , Sharma Siddharth , Tripathi Vishwa Deepak , Srivastava Suman
Published: February 2011

Arylethanones of type (I) and (IV) are applied as Julia coupling partners for the reaction with aromatic aldehydes to give chalcones and flavanones, correspondingly.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 2,2‐Diaryl‐1,1‐difluoroethenes via Consecutive Cross‐Coupling Reactions of 2,2‐Difluoro‐1‐tributylstannylethenyl p‐Toluenesulfonate.
Authors: Han Seung Yeon , Jeong In Howa
Published: February 2011

The method applies aryl iodides and aryl stannanes as cross‐coupling partners for the consecutive arylation of the stannyl and tosylate functionalities concerning the starting (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted, Pd(0)‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Diazirines with Aryl Halides.
Authors: Zhao Xia , Wu Guojiao , Yan Chong , Lu Kui , Li Hui , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo
Published: February 2011

A variety of di‐, tri‐ and tetrasubstituted alkenes is prepared from the diazirines and aryl bromides and many functional groups are tolerated.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Ruthenium Lewis Acid Catalyzed Intramolecular Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Thamapipol Sirinporn , Bernardinelli Gerald , Besnard Celine , Kuendig E. Peter
Published: February 2011

The endo cycloaddition isomers arise as major products with excellent yields and high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Epoxidation of α‐Substituted Acroleins Catalyzed by Diphenylprolinol Silyl Ether.
Authors: Bondzic Bojan P. , Urushima Tatsuya , Ishikawa Hayato , Hayashi Yujiro
Published: February 2011

The method applies a secondary amine catalyst PSE for this type of reaction and generates a chiral quaternary center with high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium‐Promoted Chemo‐ and Diastereoselective Allylation of α,β‐Epoxy Ketones with Potassium Allyltrifluoroborate.
Authors: Nowrouzi Farhad , Janetzko John , Batey Robert A.
Published: February 2011

The regioselective reaction requires a stoichiometric amount of In to achieve high yields and diastereoselectivity and the ratio CH2Cl2/H2O plays a significant role.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Alkoxy‐2,5‐dihydrofurans by Gold‐Catalyzed Allenyl Cyclizations and Their Transformation into 1,4‐Dicarbonyl Compounds, Cyclopentenones, and Butenolides.
Authors: Brasholz Malte , Dugovic Branislav , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich
Published: February 2011

A variety of 3‐alkoxydihydrofurans including optically active derivatives are synthesized by Au‐catalyzed cyclization reaction of appropriate allenyl alcohols derived from alkoxyallenes (I).
ChemInform Abstract: SmI2‐Mediated Radical Cyclizations Directed by a C—Si Bond.
Authors: Harb Hassan Y. , Collins Karl D. , Altur Jose V. Garcia , Bowker Sue , Campbell Leonie , Procter David J.
Published: February 2011

The silicon substituent, connected to carbon, plays a crucial role as controlling element to achieve the diastereoselective cyclization with formation of 2 or 3 stereocenters.
ChemInform Abstract: A Diastereoselective Three‐Component Coupling Approach to Highly Substituted Pyrrolidines.
Authors: Chaulagain Mani Raj , Aron Zachary D.
Published: February 2011

It provides a simple, mild, and stereoselective method to prepare a number of highly substituted pyrrolidines.
ChemInform Abstract: Di‐ and Trisubstituted γ‐Lactams via Rh(II)‐Carbenoid Reaction of N‐Cα‐Branched, N‐Bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl α‐Diazoamides. Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐α‐Allokainic Acid.
Authors: Zhang Bao , Wee Andrew G. H.
Published: February 2011

The N‐protecting group and the O‐pivaloyl moiety play a crucial role for achieving the regio‐, chemo‐ and diastereoselective preparation of highly substituted γ‐lactams.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Strategy for the Synthesis of 4‐Hydroxy‐1H‐pyrrole‐2,3‐dicarboxylic Ester Derivatives Using Transition‐Metal‐Oxide Catalysts.
Authors: Paul V. Luke , Yakaiah T. , Reddy A. Raghuram , Shekhar A. Chandra , Rao P. Shanthan , Narsaiah B.
Published: February 2011

For the presented facile synthesis of the compounds (III) CAN and EDC can also be used as catalysts but this results in lower yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Substituted 3‐Hydroxy‐2‐oxindoles via Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reaction.
Authors: Liu yun‐Lin , Wang Bo‐Lun , Cao Jun‐Jie , Chen Long , Zhang Yong‐Xue , Wang Chao , Zhou Jian
Published: February 2011

Target compounds (III), substructures in natural product and drug synthesis, are available in a highly stereoselective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthesis of 4‐ or 6‐Substituted Indirubin Derivatives.
Authors: Zhang Aiying , Yu Mingfeng , Lan Tian , Liu Zenglu , Mao Zhenmin
Published: February 2011

A simple and convenient route to the title compounds (VII) and (VIII) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐NHC Catalyzed Cyclopentannulation of Diazabicyclic Alkenes with ortho‐Aryl Halides.
Authors: Prasad B. A. Bhanu , Buechele Alexander E. , Gilbertson Scott R.
Published: February 2011

The reaction proceeds under microwave‐assisted conditions with complete diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: New Chiral Ferrocenyl P,S‐Ligands for Highly Diastereo‐/Enantioselective Catalytic [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides with Cyclic and Acyclic Enones.
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Yu Sai‐Bo , Hu Xiang‐Ping , Wang Dao‐Yong , Zheng Zhuo
Published: February 2011

The cyclic enones (I) and (VI) react with a variety of aromatic azomethine ylides under conditions A) to give exclusively endo‐cycloadducts with excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5,7‐Dibromotropono[c]pyrazole Derivatives.
Authors: Li Yang , Gao Wentao
Published: February 2011

Condensation of tropolone derivatives (I) with aromatic hydrazines (II) afford the troponopyrazoles (III) in good yields.The electronic nature of the substituents has no significant effect on the reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Model Synthesis of Six‐Membered Carbocyclic Spironucleosides.
Authors: Nencka Radim , Hrebabecky Hubert , Dracinsky Martin
Published: February 2011

Novel hydantoins (VIII), (XV), and (XVI) are prepared by Bucherer—Bergs reaction of the corresponding ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: TBHP/I2‐Mediated Domino Oxidative Cyclization for One‐Pot Synthesis of Polysubstituted Oxazoles.
Authors: Jiang Huanfeng , Huang Huawen , Cao Hua , Qi Chaorong
Published: February 2011

The addition of excess amine in 2 portions is crucial to avoid its oxidation to the aldehyde.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Aminothiazole Derivative Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Tumor Cells.
Authors: Li Minghua , Oh Changwon , Park Jun Seok , Ham Seung Wook
Published: February 2011

Compound (I), found in a cell‐based high‐throughput screening, exhibits significant cell growth inhibition against HepG2 cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Fused Triazole Derivatives Containing 4‐Isobutylphenylethyl and 4‐Methylthiophenyl Moieties.
Authors: Kumsi Manjunatha , Poojary Boja , Lobo Prajwal L. , Fernandes Jennifer , Chikkanna Chandrashekhar
Published: February 2011

Novel fused heterocycles (III) are obtained by condensing triazoles with various N‐arylmaleimides in acetic acid media.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Method for the Preparation of Oxadiazoles from Diacyl Hydrazines.
Authors: Ellis David , Johnson Patrick S. , Nortcliffe Andrew , Wheeler Simon
Published: February 2011

The presented method has several advantages such as simple procedure, ease of isolation, good yields, and high tolerance of functional and protecting groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of β‐Alkynylpropiolactones to Substituted α‐Pyrones.
Authors: Dombray Thomas , Blanc Aurelien , Weibel Jean‐Marc , Pale Patrick
Published: February 2011

Large groups and an ether functionality at the alkyne moiety reduce the reactivity and the yields of the resulting pyrones.
ChemInform Abstract: InIII‐Catalyzed Tandem C—C and C—O Bond Formation Between Phenols and Allylic Acetates.
Authors: Vece Vito , Ricci Jeremy , Poulain‐Martini Sophie , Nava Paola , Carissan Yannick , Humbel Stephane , Dunach Elisabet
Published: February 2011

The one‐pot reaction constitutes an attractive alternative for the construction of O‐heterocyclic compounds like vitamin E (XI).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed [3 + 2 + 1] Cyclocarbonylative Coupling of 1,3‐Cyclohexanediones, Alkynes, and Carbon Monoxide: An Atom‐Economic Route to Chromene Route to Chromene‐2,5‐dione Derivatives.
Authors: Wu Bei , Hua Ruimao
Published: February 2011

Various target compounds are available with aromatic alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Ytterbium(III) Bis(perfluorooctanesulfonyl)imide Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans in Fluorous Biphase System.
Authors: Hong Mei , Cai Chun
Published: February 2011

An efficient synthesis of 4H‐benzo[b]pyran derivatives (IV) (16 examples) by Yb‐catalyzed one‐pot three‐component condensation of aldehydes, active methylene compounds, and dimedone in a fluorous biphase system is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐Hydroxychromone, an Alternative Scaffold for anti‐HCV 1,3‐Diketo Acid (DKA).
Authors: Lee Chaewoon , Park Kwang‐su , Park Hye Ri Park Hye Ri , Ppark Jun Cheol Ppark Jun Cheol , Lee Bokhui , Kim Dong‐Eun , Chong Youhoon
Published: February 2011

Novel chromone derivatives of type (I) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐S‐Hetaryl‐Substituted Pyridin‐2(1H)‐ones and 5,6‐Dihydropyridin‐2(1H)‐ones
Authors: Fisyuk A. S. , Bogza Y. P. , Poendaev N. V. , Goncharov D. S.
Published: February 2011

via base‐mediated cyclization of corresponding N‐(3‐oxoalkenyl)‐ or N‐(3‐oxoalkyl)amides (III) and (VI), respectively
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Substituted Derivatives of 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐alkoxyamine Ethers: Novel Alkoxyamine Building Blocks.
Authors: Fischer Walter , Basbas Abdel‐Ilah , Schoening Kai‐Uwe , Hauck Stefan
Published: February 2011

Novel enamines of alkoxyamines are prepared starting with the O‐alkylation of 4‐oxo‐tetramethylpiperidinyloxyl.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild Negishi Cross‐Coupling of 2‐Heterocyclic Organozinc Reagents and Aryl Chlorides.
Authors: Luzung Michael R. , Patel Jigar S. , Yin Jingjun
Published: February 2011

An efficient method to prepare 2‐heterocylic zinc compounds is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: NHC‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Redox Amidation for the Synthesis of Functionalized Lactams.
Authors: Thai Karen , Wang Li , Dudding Travis , Bilodeau Francois , Gravel Michel
Published: February 2011

The tertiary amine base facilitates the ring opening step.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐4‐quinolones via Bifunctional Thiourea‐Mediated Intramolecular Cyclization.
Authors: Liu Xiaoqian , Lu Yixin
Published: February 2011

The presence of the N‐tosyl group is crucial to achieve high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Hexahydroquinolines via Hantzsch Four‐Component Reaction Catalyzed by a Cheap Amino Alcohol.
Authors: Song Shao‐Jun , Shan Zi‐Xing , Jin Yong
Published: February 2011

The advantages of the presented method are the simple experimental procedure, mild conditions, lowcost, and excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum(II)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclization of Alkynylbenzonitriles: Synthesis of 1‐Alkoxyisoquinolines and Isoquinolones.
Authors: Li Jim , Chen Lijing , Chin Elbert , Lui Alfred S. , Zecic Hasim
Published: February 2011

1‐Alkoxyisoquinolines as major products can be easily converted into isoquinolines by dealkylation with HBr in acetic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselectivity in Direct Arylation of Benzanilide Possessing Oxygen Substituent in the Benzoyl Part Using Palladium Without Phosphine Ligand.
Authors: Harayama Takashi , Nagura Chie , Miyagoe Taeko , Kawata Yuko , Abe Hitoshi , Takeuchi Yasuo
Published: February 2011

The arylation of benzanilide (I) possessing ether oxygen(s) proceeds under phosphine‐ligand free conditions to afford the para‐product (II) and the ortho‐product (III) in a similar ratio as in the presence of the P(o‐Tol)3 ligand, suggesting that the bulkiness of palladium under phosphine‐free conditions is comparable to that under P(o‐Tol)3 conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Alkylation of 4‐Aryl‐5‐oxo‐1H‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydroindeno[1,2‐b]pyridines.
Authors: Stupnikova S. , Petushkova E. , Tanajev D. , Lusis V. , Muceniece D.
Published: February 2011

Reduction of dihydroindenopyridines (I) or (VIII) with Et3SiH in TFA affords corresponding trans‐tetrahydroindenopyridines (II) and (VI), resp., as the major products.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Highly Substituted Bicyclic Pyridines Containing a Ring‐Junction Nitrogen.
Authors: Yan Shengjiao , Chen Yulan , Liu Lin , He Nengqin , Lin Jun
Published: February 2011

A series of bicyclic pyridines (IV), (VI), (VIII), and (X) is readily prepared by a three component reaction of heterocyclic ketene aminals such as (I) and (IX) with active methylene compounds and triethyl orthoformate under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Versatile Synthesis of 3‐Substituted 4‐Cyano‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐1‐oxo‐β‐carbolines.
Authors: Huber Kilian , Kast Oliver , Bracher Franz
Published: February 2011

Condensation of indole derivatives (I) with various carbonyl compounds and ammonia gives the title compounds in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Benzylic Arylation of 2‐Methyl Azaarenes.
Authors: Burton Paul M. , Morris James A.
Published: February 2011

The use of 1 equiv.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Carbopalladation/Cyclization Cascade: Access to Polycyclic N‐Fused Heterocycles.
Authors: Chernyak Dmitri , Gevorgyan Vladimir
Published: February 2011

A variety of tetra‐ and pentacyclic heterocycles is prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Three‐Component Domino Reactions in the Regioselective Synthesis and Antimycobacterial Evaluation of Novel Indolizines and Pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines.
Authors: Muthusaravanan Sivasubramanian , Perumal Subbu , Yogeeswari Perumal , Sriram Dharmarajan
Published: February 2011

The products exhibit activities which are comparable or even better than those of the standard agents ethambutol and ciprofloxacin.
ChemInform Abstract: Biginelli Reaction Starting Directly from Alcohols.
Authors: Garima Garima , Srivastava Vishnu P. , Yadav Lal Dhar S.
Published: February 2011

The efficient one‐pot proceeds via [hmim]HSO4‐catalyzed oxidation of the alcohols with NaNO3 to aldehydes followed by cyclocondensation with urea and carbonyl compounds (14 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Oxo/Thioxooctahydroquinazolin‐5‐one Derivatives and Their Evaluation as Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Kidwai Mazaahir , Bhatnagar Divya , Kumar Rakesh , Luthra Pratibha Mehta
Published: February 2011

Title compounds (IV) and (VII) are prepared using a CAN‐catalyzed Biginelli reaction in PEG as solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis of 7‐Substituted Purines via 7,8‐Dihydropurines.
Authors: Kotek Vladislav , Chudikova Nadezda , Tobrman Tomas , Dvorak Dalimil
Published: February 2011

The one‐pot procedure starting from halopurines (I) or (VI) involves only two separation steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Coupling Reaction on N‐(3,5‐Dibromo‐2‐pyridyl)piperazines: Regioselective Synthesis of 3,5‐Disubstituted Pyridylpiperazines.
Authors: Hikawa Hidemasa , Yokoyama Yuusaku
Published: February 2011

Starting from tribromopyridine, the title compounds are prepared by regioselective amination yielding dibromopyridines (I), followed by successive coupling.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel 3‐Phenylethynyl‐2‐yl‐oxy Quinoxaline Core Skeleton and Pharmacophore Model as a Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor Inhibitor.
Authors: Gong Young‐Dae , Kang Nam Sook
Published: February 2011

Compound (I) is prepared in a five‐step procedure as model for novel HIF‐1α inhibitors.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylations of 10H‐2,7‐Diazaphenothiazine to Alkyl‐2,7‐diazaphenothiazinium Salts and 7‐Alkyl‐2,7‐diazaphenothiazines.
Authors: Morak‐Mlodawska Beata , Pluta Krystian , Suwinska Kinga , Jelen Malgorzata
Published: February 2011

Prolonging the reaction time from 24 to 72 hours the methylation of diazaphenothiazine (I) occurs both at the thiazine and the pyridine nitrogen atom, cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclotrimerization of 3‐R‐1,2,4‐Triazin‐5(4H)‐ones with Cyclic Ketones.
Authors: Egorov Ilya N. , Kovalev Igor S. , Rusinov Vladimir L. , Chupakhin Oleg N.
Published: February 2011

Novel zwitterionic tetracyclic heterocycles (III) are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Cyclization of Mannich Reaction for Synthesis of Pyrimido[2,1‐b]‐1,3,5‐thiadiazines.
Authors: El‐Sherief Hassan A. H. , Hozien Zeinab A. , El‐Mahdy Ahmed F. M. , Sarhan Abdelwarth A. O.
Published: February 2011

Reaction of 2‐mercaptodihydropyrimidinones (I) with primary amines and formaldehyde in suitable solvent yields pyrimidothiadizinones (IV) (35 examples) via a double Mannich reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Novel Retinoid Synergists Having a Dibenzodiazepine Skeleton.
Authors: Ohta Kiminori , Kawachi Emiko , Shudo Koichi , Kagechika Hiroyuki
Published: February 2011

Based on the structures of two potent retinoid X receptor agonists, the novel dibenzodiazepine derivatives (VI), (VIII), and (XIII), containing two diphenylamine substructures, are designed as retinoid X receptor modulator candidates and prepared by means of Pd‐catalyzed, cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(III)‐Catalyzed Halogenation of Aromatic Boronates with N‐Halosuccinimides.
Authors: Qiu Di , Mo Fanyang , Zheng Zhitong , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo
Published: February 2011

A wide range of target compounds is generated mostly regioselectively using halogen succinimides.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Si—B Bond Activation in Branched‐Selective Allylic Substitution of Linear Allylic Chlorides.
Authors: Vyas Devendra J. , Oestreich Martin
Published: February 2011

The reaction is found to proceed with good to excellent regioselectivity in favor of the branched isomer (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Rh‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of 3‐Aryl‐4‐phosphonobutenoates with a P‐Stereogenic BoPhoz‐Type Ligand.
Authors: Duan Zheng‐Chao , Hu Xiang‐Ping , Zhang Cheng , Zheng Zhuo
Published: February 2011

The method allows an efficient and highly enantioselective access to phosphonates of type (II) and can be applied to prepare the potential GABAB antagonist (R)‐phaclofen (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of E‐(1,2‐Difluoro‐1,2‐ethenediyl)bis(tributylstannane).
Authors: Liu Qibo , Burton Donald J.
Published: February 2011

A cheap and economical route for the synthesis of the title compound (VI) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Red Dyes Derived from Diketo‐pyrrolo‐pyrrole Based Pigment and Their Properties for LCD Color Filters.
Authors: Choi Se‐Hwa , Kil Ga‐hye , Kim Na‐rim , Yoon Chun , Kim Jae‐Pil , Choi Jae‐Hong
Published: February 2011

Red DPP pigments (I) are prepared as an alternative to increase the contrast ratio and brightness which are crucial requirements in LCD color filter sector.
ChemInform Abstract: Vernodalidimers A and B, Novel Orthoester Elemanolide Dimers from Seeds of Vernonia anthelmintica.
Authors: Liu Yongqiang , Nugroho Alfarius E. , Hirasawa Yusuke , Nakata Asami , Kaneda Toshio , Uchiyama Nahoko , Goda Yukihiro , Shirota Osamu , Morita Hiroshi , Aisa Haji Akber
Published: February 2011

Preliminary studies reveal potent cell growth inhibition for HL‐60 cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Cespitulins A—D, Novel Diterpenoids from Taiwanese Cespitularia taeniata.
Authors: Lin Yu‐Chi , Fazary Ahmed Eid , Shen Ya‐Ching
Published: February 2011

Preliminary in vitro tests for cytotoxicity do not reveal any activity.
ChemInform Abstract: New Synthesis of Pentacyclic Steroids by Stereoselective Epoxide Ring Opening.
Authors: Ibrahim‐Ouali Malika , Khalil Hamze
Published: February 2011

Starting from commercially available cholic acid, the synthesis of a novel class of pentacyclic steroids is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Hydroxymethyl Side‐Chained α‐Aminoxy Diamide.
Authors: Luo Zheng , Yang Hai‐Feng , Chang Xiao‐Wei , Zhang Dan‐Wei
Published: February 2011

An α‐aminooxy monomer with polar hydroxymethyl side chain (X) is synthesized from L‐serine in 15% overall yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Inhibitory Activities of Kojyl Thioether Derivatives Against Nitric Oxide Production Induced by Lipopolysaccharide.
Authors: Rho Ho Sik , Yoo Dae Sung , Ahn Soo Mi , Kim Myung Kyoo , Cho Dong Ha , Cho Jae Youl
Published: February 2011

A series of kojic acid thioether derivatives (I), their sulfoxides (II), and sulfones (III) are synthesized and evaluated for inhibitory activity against NO production in LPS‐activated macrophages.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2′‐C‐Methyl Ribonucleoside Analogues with Modified Heterocyclic Base Moieties.
Authors: Kim Myong Jung
Published: February 2011

With a view to obtaining new antiviral agents the title nucleoside analogues, e.g. (III), (VII), (X), and (XIII), are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Prenylated Xanthones from the Bark of Garcinia xanthochymus.
Authors: Chen Yu , Yang Guang‐zhong , Zhong Fang‐fang , He Hong‐wu
Published: February 2011

Compound (II) displays moderate activity against C.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation and Structure Determination of Two New Carbazoles from Streptomyces ehimensis JB201.
Authors: Hwang Buyng Su , Kim Hyun‐Jin , Jeong Gu Sun , Oh Jung Soon , Rho Jung‐Rae
Published: February 2011

Only compound (I) exhibits antifungal potency.
ChemInform Abstract: Antihypertensive Effects of 5‐(4‐Nitrobenzenediazo)‐8‐benzenesulfonamidoquinaldine in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.
Authors: Hong Jang Hee , Lee Sung , Jung Hyo Sung , Lee Kyung Bok , Kim Jong Seung
Published: February 2011

The title compound (I) is a selective and sensitive Zn2+‐ion chelating agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Diffusion in Zeolites ‐ Impact on Catalysis
Authors: van den Bergh Johan , Gascon Jorge , Kapteijn Freek
Published: February 2011

Review: 136 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Shaping a Bright Future for Platium‐Based Alloy Electrocatalysts
Authors: Lim Byungkwon , Yu Taekyung , Xia Younan
Published: February 2011

Review: 18 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitramide
Authors: Lobanova A. A. , Il'yasov S. G. , Sakovich G. V.
Published: February 2011

Review: synthesis methods, structure, chemical and physical properties; 194 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Methods for in situ Spectroscopic Probing of the Synthesis of a Zeolite
Authors: Aerts Alexander , Kirschhock Christine E. A. , Martens Johan A.
Published: February 2011

Review: 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Imaging of Catalytic Solids with Synchrotron Radiation
Authors: Beale Andrew M. , Jacques Simon D. M. , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: February 2011

Review: 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: UV Raman Spectroscopic Study on the Synthesis Mechanism and Assembly of Molecular Sieves
Authors: Fan Fengtao , Feng Zhaochi , Li Can
Published: February 2011

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Overview and Industrial Assessment of Synthesis Strategies Towards Zeolites with Mesopores
Authors: Chal Robin , Gerardin Corine , Bulut Metin , van Donk Sander
Published: February 2011

Review: 202 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Anion Receptor Chemistry
Authors: Gale Philip A.
Published: February 2011

Review: advances in anion complexation and application of receptors in organocatalysis and nanotechnology; 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Steric, Electronic, and Secondary Effects on the Coordination Chemistry of Ionic Phosphine Ligands and the Catalytic Behavior of Their Metal Complexes.
Authors: Snelders Dennis J. M. , Van Koten Gerard , Klein Gebbink Robertus J. M.
Published: February 2011

Review: 114 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium and Osmium Metalloradicals
Authors: Poli Rinaldo
Published: February 2011

Review: 14 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzyme Mimics Based upon Supramolecular Coordination Chemistry
Authors: Wiester Michael J. , Ulmann Pirmin A. , Mirkin Chad A.
Published: February 2011

Review: 423 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Samarium Diiodide Promoted Regioselective Carbon—Carbon Bond Cleavage Reaction of γ‐Halo‐ and ε‐Halo‐α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds: Application to the Synthesis of Biologically Active Natural Products
Authors: Honda Toshio
Published: February 2011

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Electrosynthesis: A Promising Green Methodology in Organic Chemistry
Authors: Frontana‐Uribe Bernardo A. , Little R. Daniel , Ibanez Jorge G. , Palma Agustin , Vasquez‐Medrano Ruben
Published: February 2011

Review: 153 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Germylenes NHGe: Old Trends and New Developments
Authors: Kuehl Olaf
Published: February 2011

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Catalyzed Asymmetric Transformations of Natural Products
Authors: Rajabi Fatemeh , Luque Rafael , Vargas Carolina
Published: February 2011

Review: 25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Spiro Isoxazolines via Nitrile Oxide 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Savage G. Paul
Published: February 2011

Review: 162 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymer‐Incarcerated Metal(0) Cluster Catalysts
Authors: Kobayashi Shu , Miyamura Hiroyuki
Published: February 2011

Review: 201 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Restructuring of Carbon Frameworks
Authors: Murakami Masahiro
Published: February 2011

Review: 16 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Direct C—H Alkenylation, Alkynylation, Benzylation, and Alkylation of (Hetero)arenes.
Authors: Messaoudi Samir , Brion Jean‐Daniel , Alami Mouad
Published: February 2011

Review: ca. 160 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Structurally Complex Marine Oxacyclic Natural Products
Authors: Fuwa Haruhiko
Published: February 2011

Review: 238 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Highly Selective Organic Reactions Catalyzed by Designed Amine Organocatalysts
Authors: Kano Taichi , Maruoka Keiji
Published: February 2011

Review: 113 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in the Use of Vilsmeier‐Type Reagents
Authors: Su Weike , Weng Yiyi , Jiang Ling , Yang Yanyan , Zhao Linyao , Chen Zhiwei , Li Zhenhua , Li Jianjun
Published: February 2011

Review: 207 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: cine Substitution and the Cu Effect in Stille Cross‐Coupling Reactions: Mechanistic Perspectives and Synthetic Utility.
Authors: Peng Yu , Li Wei‐Dong Z.
Published: February 2011

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Aryl Halides.
Authors: Lundgren Rylan J. , Stradiotto Mark
Published: February 2011

Review: [20 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: Salinosporamide Natural Products: Potent 20S Proteasome Inhibitors as Promising Cancer Chemotherapeutics.
Authors: Gulder Tobias A. M. , Moore Bradley S.
Published: February 2011

Review: 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic Functionalization of Non‐Activated Olefins Catalyzed by Lewis Superacids
Authors: Antoniotti Sylvain , Poulain‐Martini Sophie , Dunach Elisabet
Published: February 2011

Review: 194 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐ and Copper‐Catalyzed Aryl Halide Amination, Etherification and Thioetherification Reactions in the Synthesis of Aromatic Heterocycles
Authors: Sadig Jessie E. R. , Willis Michael C.
Published: February 2011

Review: about 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Zeolite Membranes in Catalysis: What Is New and How Bright Is the Future?
Authors: van den Bergh Johan , Nishiyama Norikazu , Kapteijn Freek
Published: February 2011

Review: 110 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation Tools in the Synthesis of Catalysts and Related Functional Materials
Authors: Melian‐Cabrera Ignacio , Moulijn Jacob A.
Published: February 2011

Review: 247 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Simulation of Heterogeneous Catalysts and Catalytic Processes Using the Density Functional Method
Authors: Nasluzov V. A. , Ivanova‐Shor E. A. , Shor A. M. , Yudanov I. V. , Roesch N.
Published: February 2011

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanocluster Catalysts in Electrochemical Transformations with Formation and Break of P‐ and C‐ Bonds
Authors: Budnikova Y. H. , Mikhaylov D. Y. , Gryaznova T. V. , Sinyashin O. G.
Published: February 2011

Review: 25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Boronic Acid Based Lectin Mimics (Boronolectins) That Can Recognize Cancer Biomarker, the Thomsen—Friedenrich Antigen
Authors: Burroughs Sarah , Wang Binghe
Published: February 2011

Review: 18 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Glycolysis
Authors: Lobo Raul F.
Published: February 2011

Review: 15 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures of Annulenes and Model Annulene Systems in the Ground and Lowest Excited States
Authors: Gellini Cristina , Salvi Pier Remigio
Published: February 2011

Review: 331 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cassava: An Appraisal of Its Phytochemistry and Its Biotechnological Prospects
Authors: Blagbrough Ian S. , Bayoumi Soad A. L. , Rowan Michael G. , Beeching John R.
Published: February 2011

Review: ca. 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Diketopiperazines from Marine Organisms
Authors: Huang Riming , Zhou Xuefeng , Xu Tunhai , Yang Xianwen , Liu Yonghong
Published: February 2011

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Antifreeze Glycoproteins and Mimics
Authors: Garner James , Harding Margaret M.
Published: February 2011

Review: [94 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanisms for Linking High Salt Intake to Vascular Tone: Role of Na+ Pump and Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger Coupling
Authors: Kita Satomi , Iwamoto Takahiro
Published: February 2011

Review: 10 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Signaling Mechanism Involved in Regulation of Endothelial Cell‐Cell Junctions
Authors: Fukuhara Shigetomo , Mochizuki Naoki
Published: February 2011

Review: 20 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Blood Flow Sensing Mechanism via Calcium Signaling in Vascular Endothelium
Authors: Yamamoto Kimiko , Ando Joji
Published: February 2011

Review: 14 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heuristic Chemistry—Addition Reactions.
Authors: Graulich Nicole , Hopf Henning , Schreiner Peter R.
Published: February 2011

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐Molecule Fluorescence Imaging of Nanocatalytic Processes
Authors: Chen Peng , Zhou Xiaochun , Shen Hao , Andoy Nesha May , Choudhary Eric , Han Kyu‐Sung , Liu Guokun , Meng Weilin
Published: February 2011

Review: 61 refs.
Strength and Operating Properties of Wave‐Ring Gaskets
Authors: Trojnacki Andrzej
Published: February 2011

In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Ergebnisse einer Analyse von Festigkeits‐ und Betriebseigenschaften von Doppelwellendichtungen dargestellt. Zur Analyse wurde die Dichtung mit einer rotationssymmetrischen Zylinderschale einer gemittelten Dicke modelliert, mit einem Ringauflager an der inneren Oberfläche des dickwandigen Zylinders, der den Verbindungssitz simuliert. Es wurde der Einfluss von bestimmten geometrischen, Material‐ und Montageparametern der Dichtung auf ihre Festigkeit sowie hinsichtlich der Dichtheit der Verbindung untersucht. Die Analyseergebnisse wurden mit einem numerischen Beispiel veranschaulicht, in dem für ein bestimmtes Dichtungsmaterial und für gewisse Abmessungen der zulässige Bereich von Lösungen für weitere Parameter wie Abmessung, Montageübermaß und Druck bestimmt wurde.
Advanced Processes for Better Materials – Tape Casting from Nanoparticles
Authors: Knieke Catharina , Peukert Wolfgang , Vozdecky Pavel , Roosen Andreas
Published: February 2011

Am Beispiel der Herstellung keramischer Folien wird gezeigt, wie verfahrenstechnische Fortschritte zu verbesserten Werkstoffeigenschaften führen. Ein wesentlicher verfahrenstechnischer Fortschritt ist die Möglichkeit, Nanopartikel durch Echtzerkleinerung in Rührwerkskugelmühlen in hoher Ausbeute herzustellen. Die nanoskaligen Suspensionen können direkt zu keramischen Folien verarbeitet werden. Die Verarbeitung der Nanopartikel erfordert eine Anpassung der bestehenden Prozessbedingungen und führt zu deutlichen Eigenschaftsverbesserungen der daraus hergestellten Werkstoffe hinsichtlich Gefügestruktur, Oberflächenrauhigkeit, Festigkeit und optischer Transparenz.
Investigation of Water Adsorption of Crystalline Fertilizer
Authors: Rößler Michael , Stelzer Torsten , Ulrich Joachim
Published: February 2011

Neben der gewünschten Düngerwirkung ist die Lagerstabilität eine sehr wichtige Eigenschaft eines qualitativ hochwertigen Düngers. Bezüglich der Lagerstabilität der Düngergranalien ist die Wasseraufnahme ein wichtiger Schlüsselfaktor. Während des Düngerherstellungsprozesses wird zur Produktverbesserung das Additiv Al2(SO4)3·14 H2O zugegeben, wobei verschiedene Aluminiumverbindungen entstehen. Es wird der Wasseraufnahmemechanismus des untersuchten Mischdüngers, bestehend aus Harnstoff und Ammoniumsulfat, mit Hilfe des Aluminiumhydroxids Al(OH)3 und dessen Polymorphe Bayerit, Gibbsit und Nordstrandit, sowie mit Aluminiumoxidhydroxid AlO(OH) (Böhmit) erklärt. Darüberhinaus wird ein Weg zur Optimierung der Lagerstabilität des Düngers über eine verlangsamte Wasseraufnahmegeschwindigkeit aufgezeigt.
MINLP Optimization of the Hybrid Separation Process Distillation/Melt Crystallization
Authors: Franke Meik
Published: February 2011

Das Hybridverfahren aus Destillation und Schmelzkristallisation bietet bei engsiedenden Gemischen eine kostengünstige Alternative zur herkömmlichen Destillation. In dieser Arbeit wird die systematische Auslegung und kostenoptimale Gestaltung dieses Kombinationsverfahrens behandelt. Besonderer Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf der optimalen Wahl der betrieblichen und strukturellen Freiheitsgrade.
Discovery and Development of Thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidinone Derivatives as General Inhibitors of Bcl‐2 Family Proteins
Authors: Zhou Bingcheng , Li Xun , Li Yan , Xu Yaochun , Zhang Zhengxi , Zhou Mi , Zhang Xinglong , Liu Zhen , Zhou Jiahai , Cao Chunyang , Yu Biao , Wang Renxiao
Published: February 2011

A class of compounds with a common thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidinone motif has been developed as general inhibitors of Bcl‐2 family proteins. The lead compound was originally identified in a random screening of a small compound library using a fluorescence polarization‐based competitive binding assay. Its binding to the Bcl‐xL protein was further confirmed by 15N‐HSQC NMR experiments. Structural modifications on the lead compound were guided by the outcomes of molecular modeling studies. Among the 42 compounds obtained, a number of them exhibited much improved binding affinities to Bcl‐2 family proteins as compared to the lead compound. The most potent compound, BCL‐LZH‐40, inhibited the binding of BH3 peptides to Bcl‐xL, Bcl‐2, and Mcl‐1 with inhibition constants (Ki) of 17, 534, and 200 nM, respectively.
Studies of RF shimming techniques with minimization of RF power deposition and their associated temperature changes
Authors: Tang Lin , Hue Yik‐Kiong , Ibrahim Tamer S.
Published: February 2011

In ultrahigh field (UHF), human magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) concerns related to the homogeneity of the B field [the radiofrequency (RF) magnetic field component responsible for the excitation of the spins] and the local/average specific absorption rate (SAR) are highly evident. In this work, through RF shimming techniques, a full‐wave electromagnetic model that treats a coupled‐RF coil and the load (an 18‐tissue anatomically detailed human head model) as a single system is utilized to simultaneously (1) improve the homogeneity of B field in various regions of interest across the volume of the human head and (2) minimize the total RF power deposition at 7 and 9.4 T. The numerical results illustrate that the B field homogeneity (evaluated by the coefficient of variance) can be greatly improved in 3D slabs that vary in orientations and sizes, in the brain, and in the entire head volume without increasing the total RF power deposition in the head to exceed that obtained with quadrature excitation. The RF shimming simulation results are experimentally validated (by performing RF shimming without experimental B1 measurements) on a head‐sized phantom using a 7‐T human MRI scanner equipped with a transmit array excitation system. The SAR and associated temperature changes under quadrature and RF shimming excitation conditions are calculated and compared. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 39B: 11–25, 2011
A general purpose Q‐measuring circuit using pulse ring‐down
Authors: Quine Richard W. , Mitchell Deborah G. , Eaton Gareth R.
Published: February 2011

A general purpose pulsed microwave circuit was developed for the purpose of measuring resonator Q by the pulse ring‐down method in EPR spectrometers without pulse capability. The circuit was installed and tested in a Bruker X‐band EPR bridge. This method and circuit could be adapted for use in a variety of spectrometers operating at various microwave frequencies. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 39B:43–46, 2011
A functional single nucleotide polymorphism at the promoter region of cyclin A2 is associated with increased risk of colon, liver, and lung cancers
Authors: Kim Duk‐Hwan , Park Seong‐Eun , Kim Minseung , Ji Yong Ick , Kang Mi Yeon , Jung Eun Hyun , Ko Eunkyung , Kim Yujin , Kim Sung , Shim Young Mog , Park Joobae
Published: February 2011

BACKGROUND:

The objective of this was to identify functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclins that are associated with risk of human cancer.

METHODS:

First, 45 SNPs in CDKs and cyclins were analyzed in 106 lung cancers and 108 controls for a pilot study. One SNP (reference SNP [rs] 769236, +1 guanine to adenine [G→A]) at the promoter region of cyclin A2 (CCNA2) also was analyzed in 1989 cancers (300 breast cancers, 450 colorectal cancers, 450 gastric cancers, 367 hepatocellular carcinomas, and 422 lung cancers) and in 1096 controls. Genotyping was performed using matrix‐assisted laser desorption‐ionization/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Transcriptional activity of the SNP according to the cell cycle was analyzed by using a luciferase reporter assay and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting analysis in NIH3T3 cells.

RESULTS:

In the pilot study, the SNP (rs769236) was associated significantly with the risk of lung cancer. In the expanded study, multivariate logistic regression indicated that the AA homozygous variant of the SNP was associated significantly with the development of lung cancer (P < .0001; codominant model), colorectal cancer (P < .0001), and hepatocellular carcinoma (P = .02) but not with breast cancer or gastric cancer. The luciferase activity of a 300‐base pair construct that contained the A allele was 1.5‐fold greater than the activity of a construct with the G allele in NIH3T3 cells. The high luciferase activity of constructs that contained the A allele did not change with cell cycle progression.

CONCLUSIONS:

The current results suggested that an SNP (rs769236) at the promoter of CCNA2 may be associated significantly with increased risk of colon, liver, and lung cancers. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Assessing the impact of comorbid illnesses on death within 10 years in prostate cancer treatment candidates
Authors: Groome Patti A. , Rohland Susan L. , Siemens D. Robert , Brundage Michael D. , Heaton Jeremy , Mackillop William J.
Published: February 2011

BACKGROUND:

Treatment choice in prostate cancer is influenced by pre‐existing comorbid illnesses, but information about their individual prognostic impact is sparse, and only 1 comorbidity index has been developed for this setting. The authors assessed the impact of individual comorbid illnesses on the risk of early, other‐cause death in prostate cancer treatment candidates and propose a modification of an existing comorbidity scale.

METHODS:

A population‐based case‐cohort study included patients diagnosed from 1990 through 1998 in Ontario, Canada who had planned curative radiotherapy or prostatectomy. The subcohort numbered 1643, and the case sample (those dying of other causes within 10 years) numbered 630. Ontario Cancer Registry data were linked to data from medical charts, including: age, comorbidity using the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics (CIRS‐G), stage, prostate‐specific antigen, Gleason score, and treatment. Cox proportional hazards regression assessed the age‐adjusted association between CIRS‐G and other‐cause death.

RESULTS:

Respiratory and cardiac diseases were the most common comorbidities and most strongly associated with an increased risk of death. Other important comorbidities included vascular disease, renal disease, and diabetes. The modified CIRS‐Gpros score yielded a relative risk (RR) of 1.64 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.52–1.76) for those scoring 1 compared with 0 and RR 1.18 (95% CI, 1.15–1.21) for each increment above 1. Except for those aged >80 years, results were consistent across treatment type and age group.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study provides estimates of the role of individual comorbid illnesses in prostate cancer. The modified CIRS‐Gpros could be useful in the clinic and in future research on this patient population. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Age‐related changes of the regeneration mode in the mouse peripheral olfactory system following olfactotoxic drug methimazole‐induced damage
Authors: Suzukawa Keigo , Kondo Kenji , Kanaya Kaori , Sakamoto Takashi , Watanabe Kenta , Ushio Munetaka , Kaga Kimitaka , Yamasoba Tatsuya
Published: February 2011

We investigated age‐related changes in the mode of regeneration in the mouse peripheral olfactory system after olfactotoxic drug‐induced damage. Mice at postnatal ages of 10 days, 3 months, and 16 months were given an intraperitoneal injection of methimazole to produce damage in the olfactory neuroepithelium. The olfactory neuroepithelia were harvested and analyzed immunohistochemically at various postlesion timepoints, from 1 day through to 94 days, to investigate neuroepithelial cell proliferation, the time course of neuronal differentiation, the reconstitution of neuroepithelium, and the innervation of the olfactory bulb. Functional recovery was assessed using the vanillin avoidance behavioral test. The chronological pattern in the expression of Ki67, beta III tubulin, and olfactory marker protein, molecular markers for neuronal cell proliferation and differentiation, changed similarly among the different age groups. In contrast, the extent of neuroepithelial cell proliferation after injury decreased with age, and the final histological recovery of the olfactory neuroepithelium and the innervation of the olfactory bulb were significantly smaller in the 16‐month‐old group compared to the younger age groups. These results suggest that the age‐related decline in the capacity of olfactory neuroepithelium to reconstitute neuroepithelium is associated with its age‐related decrease in proliferative activity after the neuroepithelial injury rather than changes in the process of neuronal differentiation. In spite of these incomplete anatomical recoveries, 16‐month‐old mice regained the ability to avoid vanillin solution by 1 month postlesion, suggesting that the extent of anatomical epithelial damage is not necessarily proportional to the threshold of olfactory perception. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:2154–2174, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How visual space maps in the optic neuropils of a crab
Authors: De Astrada Martín Berón , Medan Violeta , Tomsic Daniel
Published: February 2011

The Decapoda is the largest order of crustaceans, some 10,000 species having been described to date. The order includes shrimps, lobsters, crayfishes, and crabs. Most of these are highly visual animals that display complex visually guided behaviors and, consequently, large areas of their nervous systems are dedicated to visual processing. However, our knowledge of the organization and functioning of the visual nervous system of these animals is still limited. Beneath the retina lie three serially arranged optic neuropils connected by two chiasmata. Here, we apply dye tracers in different areas of the retina or the optic neuropils to investigate the organization of visual space maps in the optic neuropils of the brachyuran crab Chasmagnathus granulatus. Our results reveal the way in which the visual space is represented in the three main optic neuropils of a decapod. We show that the crabs' optic chiasmata are oriented perpendicular to each other, an arrangement that seems to be unique among malacostracans. Crabs use retinal position in azimuth and elevation to categorize visual stimuli; for instance, stimuli moving above or below the horizon are interpreted as predators or conspecifics, respectively. The retinotopic maps revealed in the present study create the possibility of relating particular regions of the optic neuropils with distinct behavioral responses elicited by stimuli occurring in different regions of the visual field. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:1631–1639, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.