bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Malignant Mixed Mesodermal Tumour (MMMT) of the Ovary: An Unusual Primary Tumour
Authors: Akter Razia , Tasnim Saria , Nessa Kamrun , Banu Selina Akter
Published: June 2022

Ovarian carcinosarcoma (Malignant Mixed Mesodermal Tumour) is rare malignant tumour with a poor prognosis. We here present a case of ovarian carcinosarcoma in a 72-yearswoman suffering from intermittent lower abdominal pain for 5 months with previous history of Total Abdominal Hysterectomy (TAH) with Unilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy (USO) due to leiomyoma 27 years back. Explanatory laparotomy and right salpingo-oophorectomy with complete surgical staging was done at Dhaka Community Medical College Hospital. Histopathology revealed both sarcomatous and carcinomatous component. Surprisingly the patient had no metastatic foci and consulted with a medical Oncologist, who didn’t recommend any chemotherapy and was cancer free during last one and half years follow up.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2019; Vol. 34(2): 124-126
Abdominal Wall Endometriosis – Case Series
Authors: Nahar Shamsun , Naher Naznin , Jahan Dilshad , Khaliduzzaman SM , Kundu Dilip Kumar
Published: June 2022

Endometriosis is primarily a disease of pelvis. Extra pelvic endometriosis is defined, when eutrophic endometrial tissue is detected in any site other than pelvic cavity with the specification that this invasion is benign (non-neoplastic) in nature. Endometriotic lesions are usually found on the peritoneal surfaces of the reproductive organs and adjacent structures of the pelvis, but it can occur anywhere in the body. Extra pelvic endometriosis is a rare condition and it’s most common extra-pelvic location is the abdominal wall, occurring most frequently after cesarean delivery or any other abdominal surgery. Other sites are gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, pleura, pericardium, diaphragm and primary umbilical endometriosis. Patient’s usually present with painful mass in the abdominal wall during menstrual period, sometimes with a typical presentation, but recently incidences of scar endometriosis is increased. Two cases are presented here. To obtain a definitive diagnosis and optimal treatment for abdominal wall endometriosis, complete excision & histopathological examination are necessary. Here we presents 3 cases with umbilical endometriosis who presented between 13 to 28 years of age. Our all cases presented with a cyclical painful, abdominal mass and sometimes bleeding from umbilical mass. Also we highlight the importance of early recognition and appropriate surgical intervention to minimize morbidity and mortality from endometriosis.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2019; Vol. 34(2): 134-140
Society News Vol. 34(2)
Authors: Khatun Sabera
Published: June 2022

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2019; Vol. 34(2): 144-147
Relationship of Age and Parity with Bone Mineral Density among Postmenopausal Women- A Study at Dhaka Medical College Hospital
Authors: Ghani Tabassum , Kasem Setara Binte , Paul Ratna , Dhar Jayanti Rani , Begum Anwara
Published: June 2022

Low Bone Mineral Density (BMD) leads to osteoporosis and increased bone fracture risk of a menopausal woman. Low Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is a major risk factor for osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Bone loss is accelerated following cessation of ovarian function and menstruation. Menopause is accompanied by estrogen deficiency and associated with bone loss. Generally accepted risk factors for osteoporosis in women are low BMI, age and duration of menopause. The effect of parity is controversial. So the aim of this cross-sectional observational study was to assess effect of parity on BMD. For this purpose total 100 women aged 50-70 years with parity three or more who had natural menopause were studied over the period of one year. All these women underwent measurement of Bone Mineral Density (BMD) at Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH). Among 100 women 64 were para three to five, 30 were para 6-8 and only six were 9-11 para. BMD of L1-4 and total femur measured among para 3-5 women were (.938±.172,.855±.161) and it was (.851±.170,.769±.155) with para six to eight and (.765±.169, .656±.258) with para 9-11 respectively. ANOVA was done within and between groups, F = 3.996/4.959 ( P = .021/ .009). Negative correlation was found between parity and BMD of L1-4 and total Femur. This negative correlation was statistically significant. It can be concluded that with increasing parity BMD decreases.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2020; Vol. 35(1): 15-19
Chemometric model for rapid detection of urea and hydrogen peroxide in milk
Authors: Basak M , Uddin MN , Jahan RA , Rana AA , Karim MM
Published: June 2022

A simple and cost effective method has been developed for determination of adulteration in milk with urea and hydrogen peroxide by using chemometric modeling with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic data. Milk samples were purchased from a dairy farm (South Banasree, Dhaka, Bangladesh) and spiked at different concentrations of urea and hydrogen peroxide. Spectral data of all samples were collected using ATR-FTIR spectrophotometer. After acquisition of spectral data, they were preprocessed with transformation techniques such as multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and savitzky-golay derivative. The predictive performance of principal component regression (PCR) and partial least-square regression (PLSR) methods were assessed by relative prediction errors and recoveries (%) were compared . PLSR shows better prediction efficiencies over PCR with R2 value 99% for urea and 95% for hydrogen peroxide.Six brands of commercial milk samples have been evaluated by this method and the samples contain 21.66-44.73 mg urea and 1.62-2.86 mg hydrogen peroxide in 100 ml milk. This method can be easily used in the quality assessment of milk.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.56(1), 1-8, 2021
In vitro regeneration of Mirabilis jalapa L.
Authors: Rahman MS , Nandi NC , Goswami B
Published: June 2022

In vitro regeneration of Mirabilis jalapa L., an important medicinal plant, has been successfully established from nodal explants. Maximum numbers of shoots (8.1) were obtained using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing BAP (3.0 mg/l). Next to the highest response by nodal explants of M. jalapa was shown on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BAP +1.0 mg/l IAA + 1.0 mg/l Kn. In it, the mean value of shoot number was 7.3. The highest frequency of root induction (80%) were obtained on MS medium supplemented with IAA (0.5 mg/l) and 40 ml/l coconut water. The rooted plantlets were transferred for hardening following acclimatization and finally were successfully planted in the field.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.56(1), 25-28, 2021
Semi-Rigid Ureteroscopic Pneumatic Lithotripsy Versus Holmium:Yag Laser Lithotripsy for the Treatment of Single Ureteral Stones: A Prospective Study in a Single Institute
Authors: Rahman Shafiqur , Uddin Md Badar , Aziz Mohammad Abdul , Hasan Mirza Mahbubul
Published: June 2022

Objective: To compare the success rates and complications of Lithoclast and holmium laser-assisted ureterorenoscopy (URS) in managing ureteral stones.
Material and Methods: We prospectively analyzed the records of 35 patients with ureteral stone who underwent ureteroscopic lithotripsy at our institution from January 2018 to February 2019. In 15 patients (mean stone size 12.6 mm), pneumatic lithotripsy was used; in 20 patients (mean stone size 11.6 mm), laser lithotripsy was performed. Patients were monitored as outpatients at 3 weeks and at 3 months with a kidneys, ureters, and bladder radiograph and ultrasonography. Patients with migrated stones or incomplete clearance underwent an auxiliary procedure such as shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) or repeated URS.
Results: Successful fragmentation included complete stone clearance seen on a KUB radiograph or USG at 3 weeks after URS. This occurred in 11/15 (73.3%) patients in the Lithoclast group and in 18/20 (90%) in the laser group. Auxiliary procedures included ESWL 2 patients in the Lithoclast group and 1 patient in the laser group) or repeated URS (two in the Lithoclast group). Urosepsis after URS occurred in 2/15 (13.3%) patients in the Lithoclast group and 2/20 (10.0%) patients in the laser group.
Conclusion: In our study, the fragmentation rates of holmium laser-assisted ureteroscopy were significantly better. The complications and the need for auxiliary procedures were significantly less for holmium laser-assisted ureteroscopy when compared with pneumatic lithotripsy.
Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 22, No. 1, January 2019 p.36-40
Role of Flexible Cystoscopy and Ultrasound Together in the Detection of Recurrent Superficial Bladder Tumors; A Comparison With Rigid Cystoscopy
Authors: Chowdhury Md Moynul Hoque , Islam Md Waliul , Alam Md Shawkat , Chowdhury Anup Roy , Miah Md Latifur Rahman , Hasan Shahariar Md Kabir , Khan Md Shariful Islam
Published: June 2022

Objective: To evaluate the role of flexible cystoscopy and ultrasound together in thedetection of recurrent superficial bladder tumors
Method: This hospital based prospective comparative study was carried out in theDepartment of Urology, National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology, Sher-E-Banglanagar, Dhaka from January 2013 to June 2014. A total of 85 patients of post transurethralresection (TUR) and post chemotherapy state for superficial bladder tumors were includedin this study. Transabdominal ultrasonography of the bladder was performed for all casesby a consultant radiologist. Flexible cystoscopy was performed by a trained urologist forall. Finally conventional rigid cystoscopy with or without biopsy was performed at thesame setting to confirmed the findings.
Result:The mean age was found 62.9±9.7 years with range from 41 to 80 years. Majority(82.4%) patients were male and 15(17.6%) patients were female. Male female ratio was4.7:1. It was observed that majority (54.1%) patients was found pT1 stage and 39(45.9%)was pTa stage. It was observed that more than two third (67.1%) patients had grade-Iand 28(32.9%) had grade-II.Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negativepredictive values of combine USG and flexible cystoscopy for identification of recurrenttumors were 92.7%, 33.3%, 90.6%, 97.4% and 14.3%.
Conclusion: Ultrasonography and flexible cytoscopy together can detect recurrentsuperficial bladder tumors as accurate as conventional rigid cytoscopy.
Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 22, No. 1, January 2019 p.41-46
Clinicopathological Study of Bladder Outflow Obstruction:Study of 300 Cases
Authors: Rakib Md Abdur , Islam Md Shahidul , Waheed SM Shameem , Sajal Hafizur Rashid
Published: June 2022

Abstract Not Available
Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 22, No. 1, January 2019 p.55-62
Radical Cystectomy With Urinary Diversion in the Form of Ileal Conduit : Outcome Analysis in 15 Cases Done by Single Surgeon
Authors: Biswas Mrinmoy , Uddin Sharif Mohammad Wasim , Sharifa Jasmine , Ghosal Sharmishtha , Khan Mohammad Ohiduzzaman
Published: June 2022

Objective: To analyse the outcome of 15 cases of radical cystectomy with urinarydiversion in the form of ileal conduit done by single surgeon.
Methods: This retrospective study included 15 cases of radical cystectomy with urinarydiversion in the form of ileal conduit between 2014 and 2018 done by single surgeon indifferent hospitals. Follow up of these patients continued up to June 2018.Data werecollected through follow up visits at every 3 months interval in the first year, and then forevery 6 months from the second year.
Results: In this study, the mean age was 67.67 years. Early complications like wounddehiscence, wound infection, bowel obstruction and GIT bleeding occurred in 47%patients and maximum were wound dehiscence (20%) and wound infection (13.3%).High incidence of early complications in this study may have multiple reasons likepreoperative co-morbidity, small sample size study and lastly surgeons learning curvebecause in early phase, complications occurred in 63% cases but only 29% cases inlate phase.Seven patients (46.7%) developed ED postoperatively. Recurrent UTI was recorded in33.3% cases. During mean 2.4 years follow up time, there was no local recurrence.
Conclusions: Radical cystectomy for the muscle invasive urothelial bladder cancer isthe elective treatment and urinary diversion in the form of ileal conduit is a safe andconvenient option with less post operative complications and with good oncologicaloutcome. But for better evaluation of post operative outcomes, large sample size andlong term follow up are recommended.
Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 22, No. 1, January 2019 p.63-68
Clinical Spectrum and Management of Ovarian Masses in Children and Adolescent up to 20 Years of Age
Authors: Khatoon Farhana , Begum Shirin Akter , Choudhury Nazneen , Yeasmin Sabiha , Begum Monowara
Published: June 2022

Pathological type as well as management of ovarian tumor in the pediatric population are different than adult women. We performed a retrospective analysis of clinical and diagnostic aspects of ovarian tumors and tumor-like lesions in girls in order to identify characteristics associated with malignancy and it’s clinical management which is different from adult women. This is a descriptive type of cross sectional study was condunted among  seventy nine female  children and adolescent  admitted in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) with ovarian mass from January 2017 to December 2020.  Secondary data were collected from hospital record review. The demographic data, diagnostic procedure, management and histopathological analysis of the ovarian tumor were recorded. Mean age of study population was 16.7±3.1 and age range was 8-20 Years. Benign and malignant ovarian tumor was 40.50% and 59.49% respectively. The main symptom and sign were abdominal pain and palpable mass were found in 51% and 50% cases respectively. Malignant lesion appeared as cystic in 22.44%, solid 44.89% and mixed in 32.65% cases. But benign   ovarian tumor was found predominantly as cystic in 70% cases preoperatively. More than three fourth (75.51%) of malignant ovarian tumor showed one or more positive tumor marker whereas one third (33.33%) benign tumor had raised tumor marker. Large lesions in both benign and malignant cases were found in almost similar number of cases and these were 80% and 81% respectively. In the group of solid tumors, positive tumor marker results occurred more frequently in patients with malignant tumor (57.14%). Elevated serum alpha feto protein (AFP), Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (HCG) and high Lactate Dehydrogenage (LDH) value associated more often with malignant tumor. Laparotomy was performed in all cases of study population.  Among 49 malignant ovarian tumour 34 (69.3%) underwent ovary preserving surgery. All patient with benign ovarian tumor undergone conservative surgery. Predominantly solid structures noted on imaging studies, large dimension and positive tumor markers are clinical predictors of malignancy. Multicenter prospective studies are needed to improve and unify the ovarian preservation rates across the world.

Bangladesh Med J. 2021 January; 50(1) : 1-9
Radionuclide Renogram Findings in Different Kidney Diseases Referred to Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Science (INMAS)
Authors: Zahid Bhuiyan Mohammed Mehedi Al , Nahar Kamrun , Mia Md Azzad , Hossain Arshad , Tasnim Humayra , Islam Md Saiful
Published: June 2022

Renal function evaluation with the use of radio nuclide scanning is a very helpful technique. Renogram is a routine procedure in the Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Sylhet. This is a tertiary referral hospital to north east part of the country. The aim of this study was to analyze the renal disease pattern and outcome of diuretic renogram of different types of renal diseases. This retrospective study was conducted among 223 patients who underwent 99mTc-DTPA renogram from February to October 2018 in INMAS, Sylhet. Mean age of the patients was 30.04 ± 18.52 year with age range 1 to 80 years, male to female ratio 1.5:1. USG. Clinical information and other adjuvant findings along with the ultrasound findings were collected to categorize the study subject. Most common indication for the renogram was hydronephrosis (HDN) 80.27%, followed by smaller kidney 7.17%, renal parenchymal disease 3.14%, nephrolithiasis 3.14% and others (renal cysts and renal artery stenosis). The mean and standard deviation of serum creatinine was 0.9 ± 0.51, range from 0.30 to 4.50. Among the 179 HDN patients, mild, moderate and severe cases were 37 (20.7%), 44 (24.6%) and 81 (45.3%) respectively. Most common site of involvement was left kidney (n=90, 41.3%), followed by both kidneys (n=67, 30.7%). Overall renographic findings showed obstructive disease in 144 (66.05%) patients and non- obstructive disease in 74 (33.94%) patients. It concluded that isotope renogram is very important in the evaluation of renal function especially differentiate between obstructive from non-obstructive pathology.

Bangladesh Med J. 2021 January; 50(1) : 10-14
Faecal Calprotectin in Differentiating Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) from Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Authors: Chowdhury Md Fazlul Karim , Ghosh Chanchal Kumar , Miah Md Shah Alam , Rassell Md , Hasan Md Abual , Saha Chinmoy , Uz Zaman Khandkar Mahabub , Islam Muhammed Saiful , Saha Krishna Pada , Miah Md Abdur Rahim
Published: June 2022

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract with relapsing and remitting course. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by altered bowel habit in association with abdominal discomfort and pain. Faecal biomarker may be used an accurate tool in the differentiation of IBD and IBS. The aim of this study was to measure faecal calprotectin (FC) level in patients with IBD and IBS and compare between them. This cross-sectional observational study conducted at the department of Gastroenterology, BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Patients with IBD were diagnosed on the basis of compatible history, clinical examination, laboratory, radiological and endoscopic findings, where IBS patients were selected by using the Rome IV criteria. Quantitative faecal calprotectin enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA), BÜHLMANN Quantum Blue® test was done and compared between IBD and IBS patients. In this study, Ninety (90) patients were enrolled, 45 patients with IBD and 45 patients with IBS. Mean age of the IBD patients was 32.24±9.76 years and IBS patients was 33.80±9.70 years. There were 28 (62.2%) male and 17 (37.8%) female patients with IBD and 30 (66.7%) male and 15 (33.3%) female patients with IBS. We found faecal calprotectin ( FC) level was 445.68 ± 237.35µg/g in IBD patients and 39.16 ± 17.31µg/g in IBS patients. There was a significant difference of faecal calprotectin level between IBD and IBS patients (p-value < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of faecal calprotectin to differentiate IBD from IBS was 91.1% and 86.7% respectively. The test accuracy was 88.9%. Area under ROC was 0.959 (95% CI, 0.909 to 1.0). This study showed that faecal calprotectin appears to be clinically useful, non-invasive, rapid and reliable marker to differentiate IBD from IBS.
Bangladesh Med J. 2021 January; 50(1) : 15-22
Clinicopathological Profile of Head and Neck Cancer Patients in a University Hospital, Bangladesh
Authors: Talukdhar Sajib Kumar , Alam Sarwar , Bari Md Abdul , Sharmin Sadia , Shams Mohammad Jahan , David Arnob Barua
Published: June 2022

In Bangladesh, the head and neck cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers. The goal of this study was to assess at the clinicopathological characteristics of individuals with head and neck cancer.  This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted from July to December 2018, 286 patients with head and neck cancer were included at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Department of Clinical Oncology. A pre-made questionnaire was used to collect data from patients during face-to-face interviews. The mean age of the patients was 56.27 (±12.23) years. The bulk of the cases (77.6%) were male, and the most of the patients consumed tobacco (86%). The most common histological type among the patients was squamous cell carcinoma (92%). In terms of primary tumor location, the oral cavity (36%) was the most prevalent. Patients were most often found in stages III (32.2%) and IV (34.6%). In conclusion, head and neck cancer occurs mainly in males and tobacco users. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent histological form, with the oral cavity as the main location of tumors. The majority of the patients are in advanced stages.

Bangladesh Med J. 2021 January; 50(1) : 23-26
Relation of Serum Uric Acid Concentrations with Etiology and Severity in Patients with Cirrhosis of Liver
Authors: Hasan Rashedul , Kumar Roy Projesh , Rahman Khan Md Masudur , Ahmed Farid , Alam Md Razibul , Gain Gobinda
Published: June 2022

Hyperuricaemia is now an established factor to cause oxidative stress, insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. So it is likely that hyperuricemia might be involved in hepatic necroinflammation and destruction which are the common underlying pathophysiology of cirrhosis. On the other hand, as uric acid is the end product of cellular degradation, increased hepatocyte destruction due to any etiology increases the level of serum uric acid which might further aggravate hepatic necroinflammation, cirrhosis and complications. The aim of this study is to assess serum uric acid concentrations in patients of cirrhosis of liver and its relation with cirrhosis of different etiology, disease severity and liver enzymes. This cross sectional observational study was carried out in the Department of Gastroenterology, Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh during the period of September 2015 to October 2016. A total of 220 diagnosed cases of cirrhosis of liver due to any cause from inpatient and outpatient Department of Gastroenterology were enrolled as the study population. Serum uric acid level was measured in each patient and its relationship with different etiology of cirrhosis, severity of cirrhosis and liver enzymes were assessed. The mean age was found to be 47.8 ± 14.6 years and male: female ratio was 1.9:1.  Majority patients (52.3%) belonged to Child-Turcotte-Pugh Class C. The mean (±SD) value of serum uric acid was 6.19 (±3.25mg/dl) and hyperuricemia (>7 mg/dl) was detected in 27.73% patients. Among all etiologies of cirrhosis, the higher mean (±SD) level of serum uric acid was found in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (19.54 ±2.20 mg/dl). There was positive correlation of serum uric acid with liver enzymes. Mean serum uric acid level increased gradually as the cirrhotic patients progressed to higher CTP classes and there was positive correlation of serum uric acid with liver enzymes. It requires further large scale multicenter studies with increased sample size & prolong follow-up to establish serum uric acid as a risk factor of cirrhosis of liver.

Bangladesh Med J. 2021 January; 50(1) : 46-51
Outcome of Neonatal Acute Kidney Injury in a Special Care Baby Unit (SCABU)
Authors: Ferdaus Tahmina , Afroz Shireen , Mollah Md Abid Hossian , Banerjee Manisha , Khan Tofazzal Hossain
Published: June 2022

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in neonates admitted in Special Care Baby Unit (SCABU) with high morbidity and mortality.

Objective: The present study was intended to see the immediate hospital outcome of neonatal acute kidney injury (AKI) in a Special Care Baby Unit (SCABU).

Methods: This observational study was carried out in SCABU, in the Department of Paediatrics, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, from October 2013 to March 2014. A total of 44 neonates (from 3-28 days) with AKI were included in this study. AKI staging was done by using pediatric RIFLE criteria as Risk, Injury, Failure. Patients were managed conservatively and immediate hospital outcome was assessed by SCABU stay, multiorgan failure, resolution of AKI, mortality and dialysis as needed.

Results: Demographic profile among the study population the neonate of d”7 days old comprised the main bulk. Majority of the neonates were of average birth weight. The diagnosis was based on estimated creatinine clearance(eCCL) criteria of pRIFLE showed that 40.9% neonates were at risk of AKI, 20.5% have had already injured. Higher proportions of neonates were classified as failure (38.6%).Outcome variables of neonatal AKI predicted by pRIFLE criteria was significantly higher in failure group in respect to SCABU stay (12.1+ 7.9) p value < 0.001, multiorgan failure (41.2 %) p value 0.026 and dialysis needed (88.2 %) p value < 0.001, resolution from AKI (47.1%) p value 0.885, Mortality (41.2%) p value 0.106. Here 43% neonates with AKI were improved with normal renal function and 29% improved with impaired renal function. Increased frequency of death (28%) in this series was due to multiorgan involvement and significantly higher in failure group with adequate dialysis support.

Conclusion: From the findings of the study it can be concluded that immediate hospital outcome of neonatal AKI is worst even after adequate dialysis support. Multiorgan involvements, increase length of hospital stay at SCABU, increase need for dialysis, are the important cause of increase mortality and morbidity. So, early detection, prompt referral and immediate supportive therapy could improve the outcome of neonatal AKI.

DS (Child) H J 2018; 34(1) : 5-10
Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Outcome of Treatment by IVIG vs. Methylprednisolone in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Hoque Md Shafiul , Masud Mohammed Akter Hossan , Ahmed ASM Nawshad Uddin
Published: June 2022

Background: Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) deserves a serious attention in children. The treatment of GBS consists of supportive and immune-modulator treatments, among which intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is considered as most effective. But IVIG is costly and many patients cannot afford.

Objective: To document the outcome of treatment of GBS patients by IVIG and Methylprednisolone.

Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in the Pediatric intensive care unit of Dhaka Shishu Hospital from January 2013 to December 2016. Data was collected from the admission record file in pediatric intensive care unit of Dhaka Shishu Hospital. A total of 36 patients up to the age of 15 years presenting with Guillain-Barré Syndrome were included in the study. Treatment modalities including supportive, Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIG) and steroids were selected in patients with GBS depending upon indication and facilities available. Those who were unable to provide IVIG due to financial constrain were treated with Methylprednisolone. Results were analyzed using SPSS (version 16) for Windows.

Results: During the study period, a total of 36 patients were diagnosed and treated as GBS in pediatric intensive care unit. Among those, 34 (94.4%) patient were classical GBS. Most patients were in the age range of 3-5 years (21, 58.3%). Total 19 (52.8%) patients were treated with IVIG and rest was treated with steroid (17, 47.2%). 16 (44.4%) patient needed mechanical ventilation and among the patient needed mechanical ventilation 9 (56.3%) got treatment with IVIG and 7 (43.7%) got treatment with Methylprednisolone. After treatment 31 (86.2%) patients were improved and 5 (13.8%) were expired. Among the improved patient 16 (84.2%) were treated with IVIG and 15 (88.2%) were treated with Methylprednisolone.

Conclusion: Treatment outcome of GBS patient with Methylprednisolone is comparable with IVIG and can be considered in case of financial constrain.

DS (Child) H J 2018; 34(1) : 30-35
Clinical Pattern of Pediatric Tuberculosis in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahsan Mohammed Rizwanul , Hussain Manzoor , Makbul Sabrina , Sarkar Probir Kumar , Al Mamun ABM Mahfuj Hasan
Published: June 2022

Background: Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) contribute a significant proportion of the TB burden in Bangladesh yet little is known about the clinical characteristics of this childhood TB which remains unclear.

Objectives: This study of paediatric TB is designed to evaluate the clinical profile of childhood TB to determine the various clinical presentation of various type of childhood TB among the patients admitted in Dhaka Shishu(Children) Hospital.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional retrospective study, we reviewed all case file of TB patients from January to June 2018 in the Division of Pediatrics medicine of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Results: Among 51cases of tuberculosis most cases presented in the age between 1 to 5 years 21(41.18%), 7(13.73%) were within 1 year, 17(33.33%) were 6 to 10 years, 6(11.76%) were above 10 years of age. Most of them were male 27(52.94%) and 24(47.06%) were female. Maximum cases presented with symptoms of Fever 48(94.12%), Cough (84.31%), Vomiting 25(49.02%), Cold 36(70.59%), abdominal pain (18.8%), Breathlessness 12(23.53%), Convulsion 6(11.76%), lymphadenopathy 5 (16.13%), Swelling 4(7.84%) and Skin lesion 1(1.96%). Finally among all Tuberculosis cases most of them were Pulmonary TB 32(62.76%) and other forms of TB were abdominal TB 6(11.76%), CNS TB 5(9.80%), TB lymphadenitis 3(5.88%), miliary TB 2(3.92%), Disseminated TB 2(3.92%) and Tubercular abscess 1(1.96%).

Conclusion: In this study pulmonary tuberculosis patients are more commonly found than extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in pediatric age group.

DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(1) : 9-13
Correlation of Acid-Base Status with Mortality of Neonates Admitted in PICU
Authors: Hoque Md Shafiul , Sarkar Prabir Kumar
Published: June 2022

Background: The human organs and tissues function under a tightly controlled pH in the range of 7.35 to7.45. Depending on the degree of deviation of pH outside this narrow range, several homeostatic responses are activated in an effort to restore normal acid-base status.

Objectives: To study the acid-base disturbances in neonates admitted in PICU.

Methods: This study was conducted in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital for a period of six monthsfrom January to June 2018. Hundred neonates attending pediatric emergency services with various ailments were curolled. Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis was estimated in these neonates. Ethical committee approval was taken. Results: Metabolic acidosis was the most common acid-base disorder. Fifty-seven neonates had metabolic acidosis.Significant correlation was observed between metabolic acidosis and pathological conditions like birth asphyxia and sepsis.

Conclusion: Metabolic acidosis is the most common acid base disorder in critically ill neonates.In this study it was the most common cause of mortality. If we do earlyintervention in correction of acid-base abnormality, the outcome is likely to get improved in neonates.

DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(1) : 37-41
Sociodemographic Profile and Comorbidities of Children with Epilepsy Attending in Child Development Centre (CDC) of Dhaka Shishu Hospital
Authors: Quaderi Humaira Rafiqa , Sharker Shaoli , Kanta Shayla Imam , Mahbub Mustafa
Published: June 2022

Background: Epilepsy is the most common conditions encountered in most paediatric neurology clinics in many parts of the developing world. It is important to understand the sociodemographic profile of children with epilepsy and also to recognize the comorbidities associated with themfor planning management and developing wider services within the country.

Objectives: The present study aimed at understanding the socio-demographic profileand comorbidities of children with epilepsy, seeking treatment at a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh.

Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted in an epilepsy clinic of Paediatric Neuroscience Department of Dhaka Shishu Hospital (DSH) over a period of 3 years from January 2013 to December 2015. During this period 1 year follow up record of each patient was analysed. Information on biodemographic data, clinical and developmental assesment made by a multidysciplinary team was analysed.

Results: A total 120 children who had epilepsy were included in this study.The median age at presentation was 2.4 years. Male were 69(58%) and female were 51(42%). Most of the children came from rural area (58%, n=70). Middle income families were over presented (58%). 82% had a history of perinatal asphyxia. Motor, speech impairment and malnutrition were found more who had H/O perinatal asphyxia (P value 0.002,0.005 and 0.03 respectively.

Conclusion:In conclusion, epilepsy is one of the commonest neurological morbidity in our environment. This study has provided important information about sociodemographic profile and associated comorbidities in children with epilepsy. This information can be used as a guideline for developing services for children with epilepsy and in prevention of some detectable causes in our countries like birth asphyxia which is found large number in this study.

DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(1) : 48-54
Antibiotic Resistance among Enteric Fever Pathogens in a Tertiary Care Children Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md Mizanur , Bhuiyan AKM Tajuddin
Published: June 2022

Background: Enteric fever, a public health problem endemic in Bangladesh involves multiple systems. Fluoroquinolones and third generation cephalosporins are first line drugs used in treatment, which has led to increased minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ciprofloxacin causing therapeutic failure. In recent years using these drug some treatment failure found.

Objectives: To study the antibiotic resistance among enteric fever pathogens in young children and to study the isolation rate of S. typhi and S. paratyphi among different age groups of children.

Methods: A prospective study was done in Pediatric Infectious & Community Pediatrics Department of Dhaka shishu (Children) Hospital among admitted children age 1 to 15 years from January 2018 to January 2019. During this period 62 blood culture samples with growth of S.typhi & S.paratyphi were processed. The antibiotic susceptibility was done by modified Kirby disk diffusion.

Results: During this 1 year from 72 admission days, 216 suspected enteric fever children admitted in Pediatric Infectious & Community Pediatric Department. Out of these 216 patients, isolation rate of enteric fever pathogens by blood cultures was 62 (28.7%). Majority of the isolates were S. typhi (75.8%) and S. paratyphi A were 24.2%. Among them 40(64.5%) isolates were from 5 to 15 years of age. Antibiotic resistance pattern was Ampicillin 37.1%, Chloramphenicol 30.64%, Co-trimoxazole 35.48%, Ceftriaxone (0%), Azithromycin (19.35%), resistance or reduced susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin was found in 77.41%, Nalidixic acid 100%, ten isolates (16.12%) were MDR. The most susceptible antibiotic was ceftriaxone while most resistant was nalidixic acid.

Conclusion: The increasing numbers of enteric fever pathogens with decreasing susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and azithromycin is a concern. Increasing dependency to ceftriaxone and cefixime may cause resistance to these drugs near future. So, we can choose older drugs again in some cases.

DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(1) : 55-58
Efficacy of Methylprednisolone and Lignocaine on Propofol Injection Pain in Pediatric Surgical Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Islam Md Jahirul , Jahan Ismat
Published: June 2022

Background: Mild to severe pain or discomfort on injection of propofol used for the induction of anaesthesia is often observed in pediatric population.

Objectives: This study was designed to compare the efficacy of methylprednisolone and lignocaine in reducing the pain of propofol injection in patients scheduled for pediatric surgery.

Methods: Total 135 children scheduled for elective surgery were divided into three groups: saline (group S, n=45), lignocaine 20 mg (Group L, n=45) and methylprednisolone 125 mg diluted into 2 ml of distilled water (Group MP, n=45). Drugs were administered after tourniquet application and occlusion was released after 1 min and 25% of the total dose of propofol (2 mg/kg) was administered at the rate of 0.5 ml/s. Pain on propofol injection was evaluated by four-point verbal rating scale. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 21.

Results: The overall incidence of pain was 65.9% in the saline group, 23.8% in the lignocaine group and 30.5% in the methylprednisolone group. Intensity of pain was significantly less in patients receiving methylprednisolone and lignocaine than those receiving saline (p< 0.05).

Conclusion: Pre-treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone was found to be as effective as lignocaine in reducing propofol injection-induced pain.

DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(1) : 59-62
Computed Tomography of the Chest: Basic Principles
Authors: Sarkar Probir Kumar , Alam Md Jahangir
Published: June 2022

Tomography is a process by which an image layer of the body is produced, while the images of the structures above and below that layer are made invisible by blurring. computed tomography (CT), the most widely used cross-sectional imaging methods used in medicine, forms cross-sectional images by avoiding super-imposition of structures that occurs in conventional chest imaging, with a >10-fold increase in attenuation sensitivity, within a second without need for breath holding. Like X-ray, an imaging contrast is generated as a consequence of differences in attenuation between the adjacent tissues. The higher the attenuation of the X-ray beam, the brighter the tissue on CT images, and vice versa. The only drawback is the potentially harmful radiation that is measured according to the amount of radiation received by the whole body. Simply, the amount of radiation from a chest CT is equivalent to 400 X-rays. Standard CT usually takes the image of the whole lung and compresses thick slices of about 7-10 mm into images and contrast can be given to highlight structures. High resolution (HRCT) has excellent spatial resolution and very useful for assessing the architecture of the lung. It does not involve IV contrast, acquires thin, non-contiguous slices, at 10-15 mm intervals with thin slices of lung tissues at regular intervals. This reduces the radiation dose by up to 90% compared to standard CT. The axial images are most commonly viewed using lung, mediastinal and bone window. The pulmonary window is specially used for the interpretation of lung parenchyma, airways and interstitial tissues but the mediastinal window is for the interpretation of mediastinal structures. CT interpretation needs a structured and logical approach.

DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(1) : 63-69
Neonatal Myocarditis: A Review
Authors: Mamun Mohammad Abdullah Al , Hussain Manzoor
Published: June 2022

Neonatal myocarditis is a rare and life-threatening disease with clinical symptoms suggesting bacterial sepsis, accompanied by congestive heart failure, cardiogenic shock and arrhythmias. Enteroviruses and adenoviruses are the most frequent pathogens isolated in myocarditis in neonate. Due to extensive myocyte necrosis in the left ventricle, symptoms may mimic myocardial infarction and circulatory collapse. The diagnosis is suggested by an ischaemic electrocardiogram, raised cardiac enzymes and left ventricular dysfunction. These infants are best managed by early recognition of heart failure, avoidance of hypotension and transfer to an ECMO center. No specific antiviral treatment exists for neonatal myocarditis. Even in the presence of sufficient respiratory and circulatory support, the mortality among neonates with viral myocarditis is high. Majority of survivors develop serious cardiac sequelae. Since neonatal myocarditis is a devastating disease and is not often in the differential diagnosis of neonatal collapse, clinicians should keep a high index of suspicion.

DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(1) : 70-73
BICH News Vol.35(1)
Authors: Editor The
Published: June 2022

Abstract not available

DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(1) : 84
Modal analysis of composite nozzle for an optimal design of a tidal current turbine
Authors: Laaouidi H. , Tarfaoui M. , Nachtane M. , Lagdani O.
Published: June 2022

Monitoring of structural vibrations and operational modal analysis are clearly essential to effectively control structural safety and the operational behavior of tidal current turbines. In order to satisfy industrial requirements, generally related to a mass gain problem, hybridization provides an excellent method to improve the breaking strength of composite materials, while keeping adequate mechanical performance for marine renewable energy applications. In this context, this work aims to study the structural modal analysis of a tidal turbine nozzle and the effect of hybrid materials (carbon/Glass) on the natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes of the three laminates. The modal analysis was calculated by the Finite Element Method using ABAQUS software. According to the results, the stacking sequence has a considerable impact on the natural frequency of the nozzle. Furthermore, it is also found that the resonance effect does not appear for the three laminates under investigation.
A new approach to determining heating parameters suitable for hull plate forming by torch line heating
Authors: Tran Thai Gia , Doan Viet T.
Published: June 2022

In shipbuilding, the process of forming flat metal plate into curved hull plates with compound shapes is very important and has greatly affected many economic and technical factors such as strength, quality, and aesthetics of the hull, construction cost and time, etc. Currently, the forming method of curved hull plates by line heating is used effectively and commonly in many shipyards, however, its main problem is very difficult to determine where and how much to heat on the flat metal plate to obtain the plate of a certain shape. In this article, a finite element model is established and adjusted based on the actual data to numerical simulate the process of forming hull plates by using flame torch line heating. Base on this, the suitable position and temperature for the heating lines in the forming process are determined to form a metal plate into hull plates with the exact desired shapes. This research has been applied for forming by torch line heating of two plates, denoted K1 and K10, in the bulb bow of a 20,000 DWT cargo ship, built at Camranh Shipyard in Vietnam with the deformation deviations between the actual and desired plate surfaces are within ± 3%.
Topology optimization of an oil tanker bulkhead subjected to hydrostatic loads
Authors: Islam Md. Shahidul , Paul S. C.
Published: June 2022

In the field of Naval Architecture, the conventional approach to design any vessel is to follow the classification societies’ rules to ensure adequate strength and structural integrity. Nowadays, owners’ demands and purposes of vessels are changing dramatically. To mitigate these demands, sometimes it is necessary to design new types of structures, but the classification society’s rules are not sufficient to prepare these advanced designs. Moreover, Naval Architects are always eager to minimize the lightweight of a vessel as this is directly related to cost and carrying capacity. Topology optimization has become a powerful tool for designing structures in an optimized way. The concept of topology optimization has been utilized by the automotive and aerospace industry for almost thirty years where problems associated with solutions meant to satisfy maximum stiffness and structural integrity with minimum weight which are of utmost importance. However, in the field of marine and offshore structures, the use of topology optimization is infrequent. As structural optimization aims to design structures under certain constraints to achieve better strength and lower cost, the introduction of this technique in ship structure can be lucrative. In this paper, a methodology to apply structural topology optimization in the field of ship design is presented. An Oil Tanker Bulkhead has been selected for this study. SIMULIA ABAQUS software is used in this regard. Topology optimization has been performed by minimizing the strain energy of the component as the objective function and a target stiffness and material volume of the structure as design constraints. Finally, the results demonstrate the general applicability of the methodology presented for obtaining the geometrical layout of the structure.
Effect of aneurysmatic artery on blood flow having permeability in human organ
Authors: Uddin Md. Nasir , Alim Md. Abdul , Karim Md. Mashud , Alam Md. Monjarul
Published: June 2022

Blood flow in a double aneurysmatic artery of the normal tissue is studied. A Finite Element method is used to analyze numerical simulation of blood flow through aneurysmatic arteries. The Newtonian, generalized Newtonian, Oldroyd-B and generalized Oldroyd-B models are considered due to the behavior of blood viscosity. In this paper, the effect of aneurysmatic artery on blood flow with permeability in human organ has been investigated. The non-Newtonian models have been applied to study the blood velocity, pressure, and wall shear stress in an aneurysmatic artery. A set of partial differential equations are transformed into dimensionless equations using non-dimensional variables and solved numerically. We have focused our consideration on the simulation of blood velocity and pressure in terms of blood flow rate for various Weissenberg numbers (Wi) and Peclet numbers (Pe). The important effects on blood flow of aneursymatic artery for blood velocity, pressure and wall stress profiles are presented graphically for Newtonian and non-Newtonian models.
Effect of Joule heating on steady MHD convective micropolar fluid over a stretching/shrinking sheet with slip flow model
Authors: A.P. Baitharu  , Sahoo Sachidananda , G.C. Dash
Published: June 2022

The effect of joule heating on steady two dimensional flow of an incompressible micropolar fluid over a flat deformable sheet is analyzed when the sheet is stretched with a slip in its own plane. The effects of first and second order slips with dissipative heat energy are considered in the present study. The numerical solution to coupled non-linear differential equations is obtained using the Runge-Kutta method of fourth order with shooting technique. The important findings of the present study are: Due to shrinking effect, temperature increases more than that of stretching which is analogous to contraction and expansion forming the basis of heat engine, transporting thermal energy to mechanical energy. The thermal buoyancy overpowers the inertia force. The second order slip is favorable for flow stability in both stretching and shrinking of the deformable surface.
Quark-Gluon Plasma Fireball Formation in the Environment of Strong Magnetic Field
Authors: Kumar Y. , Jain P. , Kumar S. , Rani M.
Published: June 2022

Using a theoretical model based on quasi-particle, we calculated the free energy evolution of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in the presence of strong magnetic field generated in the high energy heavy ion collisions. The finite quark mass is used under the assumption of vanishing chemical potential. We found that the size of QGP fireball enhanced and more stable in the presence of strong magnetic field. This indicates that magnetic field plays an important role to describe the dynamics of QGP fireball under suitable conditions. Current results are useful in order to create a finite size of large QGP droplet. We noticed that the current results are also improved as compared to our earlier work where the contribution of magnetic field was neglected at RHIC and LHC. Thus, our results with quasi-particle model are of relevance in connection with the relativistic heavy ion collisions as well as for cosmological quark-hadron phase transition. In near future, experimentalists may provide the data for the existence of QGP fireball at RHIC, LHC and FAIR experiments.