bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three-fold information encryption based on polarization- and wavelength-multiplexed metasurfaces
Authors: Yang Zhengguang , Gao Song , Yue Wenjing
Published: November 2023

Metasurface has garnered significant attention in the field of optical encryption as it allows the integration and occultation of multiple grayscale nanoprinting images on a single platform. However, in most cases, polarization serves as the only key for encryption/decryption, and the risk of being cracked is relatively high. In this study, we propose a three-fold information encryption strategy based on a dielectric metasurface, in which a colorful nanoprinting image and two grayscale images are integrated on such a single platform. Unlike previous works based on the orientation-angle degenerated light intensity, the proposed image encryptions are realized by customizing nanobricks with polarization-mediated similar/different transmission characteristics in either broadband or at discrete wavelengths. Different combinations of polarization and monochromatic wavelengths can form three keys with different levels of decryption complexity as compared to the previous counterpart based merely on polarization. Once illuminated by non-designed wavelengths or polarized light, messy images with false information will be witnessed. Most importantly, all images are safely secured by the designated incidence polarization and cannot be decrypted via an additional analyzer as commonly happens in conventional metasurface-based nanoprinting. The proposed metasurface provides an easy-to-design and easy-to-disguise scheme for multi-channel display and optical information encryption.
Robust, in-service, and joint monitoring of a dual-polarization transceiver IQ skew for a coherent DSCM system without channel impairment compensation
Authors: Fan Linsheng , Yang Yanfu , Zhang Qun , Gong Siyu , Jia Yuchen , Yao Yong
Published: November 2023

A robust, in-service, and joint monitoring of a dual-polarization (DP) transceiver IQ skew for a coherent DSCM system is proposed and experimentally validated. Unlike traditional monitoring schemes, the proposed scheme realizes robust transceiver impairments monitoring without channel impairment compensation, including chromatic dispersion (CD), polarization variation, and carrier phase noise. This enhances the stability and precision of the monitoring process and reduces computational complexity by eliminating sophisticated DSP for impairment compensation. A complex system model for a single-tone signal is given first. Based on the model, the proposed scheme enables monitoring of the DP transmitter and the receiver IQ skew using the inserted frequency domain pilots (FPTs). Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can estimate the transceiver IQ skew within 16 ps with an estimation error of less than 0.2 ps and is robust to CD, polarization variation, phase noise, and amplified spontaneous emission noise. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed scheme achieves in-service transceiver IQ skew monitoring for coherent DSCM systems for the first time.
Communicating distortion-free through atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Forbes Andrew , Singh Keshaan , Nape Isaac , Peters Cade
Published: November 2023

Here we outline a new approach to modal-based optical communication that does not require the spatial modes to be recognised, demonstrating near noise-free data transmission with over 50 vectorial patterns of light across atmospheric turbulence for a new state-of-the-art.
Conditional Neural Network for Degraded Image Generation through Atmospheric Turbulence
Authors: Siddik Abu Bucker , Sandoval Steven , Voelz David , Boucheron Laura E , Varela Luis
Published: November 2023

We propose a conditional neural network to generate degraded images through isoplanatic turbulence. This work establishes the initial baseline for future machine learning developments to generate degraded images through anisoplanatic turbulence.
Deep Learning Estimation of Modified Zernike Coefficients from Multispectral Imagery in Turbulence
Authors: Siddik Abu Bucker , Sandoval Steven , Voelz David , Boucheron Laura E , Varela Luis
Published: November 2023

We demonstrate that the performance of a deep learning model to estimate modified Zernike coefficients of pupil aberrations from short exposure turbulence-degraded images can be significantly improved with the use of multispectral images.
Evaluation of Brightness Function Incoherent Image Simulation for Near-ground Turbulent Paths
Authors: Voelz D. , Wijerathna E. , Korotkova O. , Narayanswamy R. , Smith A. , King M.
Published: November 2023

The performance of the brightness function approach for simulating turbulence-degraded images and video is evaluated against classical theory results and field data.
The MAGMA pipeline for comprehensive genomic analyses of clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis samples
Authors: Heupink Tim H. , Verboven Lennert , Sharma Abhinav , Rennie Vincent , de Diego Fuertes Miguel , Warren Robin M. , Van Rie Annelies
Published: November 2023

Background

Whole genome sequencing (WGS) holds great potential for the management and control of tuberculosis. Accurate analysis of samples with low mycobacterial burden, which are characterized by low (<20x) coverage and high (>40%) levels of contamination, is challenging. We created the MAGMA (Maximum Accessible Genome for Mtb Analysis) bioinformatics pipeline for analysis of clinical Mtb samples.

Methods and results

High accuracy variant calling is achieved by using a long seedlength during read mapping to filter out contaminants, variant quality score recalibration with machine learning to identify genuine genomic variants, and joint variant calling for low Mtb coverage genomes. MAGMA automatically generates a standardized and comprehensive output of drug resistance information and resistance classification based on the WHO catalogue of Mtb mutations. MAGMA automatically generates phylogenetic trees with drug resistance annotations and trees that visualize the presence of clusters. Drug resistance and phylogeny outputs from sequencing data of 79 primary liquid cultures were compared between the MAGMA and MTBseq pipelines. The MTBseq pipeline reported only a proportion of the variants in candidate drug resistance genes that were reported by MAGMA. Notable differences were in structural variants, variants in highly conserved rrs and rrl genes, and variants in candidate resistance genes for bedaquiline, clofazmine, and delamanid. Phylogeny results were similar between pipelines but only MAGMA visualized clusters.

Conclusion

The MAGMA pipeline could facilitate the integration of WGS into clinical care as it generates clinically relevant data on drug resistance and phylogeny in an automated, standardized, and reproducible manner.
Contributions of cell behavior to geometric order in embryonic cartilage
Authors: Mathias Sonja , Adameyko Igor , Hellander Andreas , Kursawe Jochen
Published: November 2023

During early development, cartilage provides shape and stability to the embryo while serving as a precursor for the skeleton. Correct formation of embryonic cartilage is hence essential for healthy development. In vertebrate cranial cartilage, it has been observed that a flat and laterally extended macroscopic geometry is linked to regular microscopic structure consisting of tightly packed, short, transversal clonar columns. However, it remains an ongoing challenge to identify how individual cells coordinate to successfully shape the tissue, and more precisely which mechanical interactions and cell behaviors contribute to the generation and maintenance of this columnar cartilage geometry during embryogenesis. Here, we apply a three-dimensional cell-based computational model to investigate mechanical principles contributing to column formation. The model accounts for clonal expansion, anisotropic proliferation and the geometrical arrangement of progenitor cells in space. We confirm that oriented cell divisions and repulsive mechanical interactions between cells are key drivers of column formation. In addition, the model suggests that column formation benefits from the spatial gaps created by the extracellular matrix in the initial configuration, and that column maintenance is facilitated by sequential proliferative phases. Our model thus correctly predicts the dependence of local order on division orientation and tissue thickness. The present study presents the first cell-based simulations of cell mechanics during cranial cartilage formation and we anticipate that it will be useful in future studies on the formation and growth of other cartilage geometries.
Understanding the social and physical menstrual health environment of secondary schools in Uganda: A qualitative methods study
Authors: Ssemata Andrew Sentoogo , Ndekezi Denis , Kansiime Catherine , Bakanoma Robert , Tanton Clare , Nelson Kate Andrews , Hytti Laura , Neema Stella , Torondel Belen , Seeley Janet , Weiss Helen A. ,   on behalf of the MENISCUS Group
Published: November 2023

Adolescent girls face social, psychological, and physical problems managing menstruation in schools in low-resource settings. This study aimed to evaluate the social and physical menstrual health environment of secondary schools in Wakiso and Kalungu districts, Uganda, in preparation for a subsequent menstrual health intervention trial to improve education, health and wellbeing. We conducted a qualitative rapid assessment in 75 secondary schools in Uganda. This involved conducting in-depth interviews with 150 head/senior teachers and 274 students, 26 Focus Group Discussions with students, and 13 transect walks to observe school Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) facilities between May and October 2021. Due to COVID-19 related school closures, face-to-face research activities were halted and in-depth interviews were conducted over phone and replaced focus group discussions. We employed a thematic framework analysis approach using the social-ecological model (which focuses on the complex interplay between individual, interpersonal, institutional, and societal factors) to generate themes and key concepts. Participants described the social and physical menstrual health environment of secondary schools at the individual level (knowledge gaps on menstruation before menarche, negative norms and beliefs about menstrual health); interpersonal level (limited psycho-social support, myths and misconceptions about the disposal of sanitary materials and pain relief, menstrual hygiene management (MHM) support from school nurses, peers and senior teachers); institutional level (non-implementation of Government circulars on MHM, lack of school-level guidelines policies and programs on MHM and poor WASH facilities, i.e. lack of soap, safe water and unclean toilets); and societal level (MHM programmes provided by civil society groups, health workers, and students’ school associations). The findings showed individual, societal and institutional burdens related to menstrual experiences. Multi-level evidence-based interventions aimed at improving the social and physical environment for menstrual health among school-going girls are needed.
Diagnostic accuracy of qPCR and microscopy for cutaneous leishmaniasis in rural Ecuador: A Bayesian latent class analysis
Authors: Bezemer Jacob M. , Merckx Joanna , Freire Paspuel Byron P. , Calvopiña Manuel , de Vries Henry J. C. , Schallig Henk D. F. H. , Leeflang Mariska M. G. , Dendukuri Nandini
Published: November 2023

Background

Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is hampered by under-ascertainment of direct microscopy.

Methods

This study compared the diagnostic accuracy of qPCR on DNA extracted from filter paper to the accuracy of direct smear slide microscopy in participants presenting with a cutaneous lesion suspected of leishmaniasis to 16 rural healthcare centers in the Ecuadorian Amazon and Pacific regions, from January 2019 to June 2021. We used Bayesian latent class analysis to estimate test sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios (LR), and predictive values (PV) with their 95% credible intervals (95%CrI). The impact of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics on predictive values was assessed as a secondary objective.

Results

Of 320 initially included participants, paired valid test results were available and included in the diagnostic accuracy analysis for 129 from the Amazon and 185 from the Pacific region. We estimated sensitivity of 68% (95%CrI 49% to 82%) and 73% (95%CrI 73% to 83%) for qPCR, and 51% (95%CrI 36% to 66%) and 76% (95%CrI 65% to 86%) for microscopy in the Amazon and Pacific region, respectively. In the Amazon, with an estimated disease prevalence among participants of 73%, negative PV for qPCR was 54% (95%CrI 5% to 77%) and 44% (95%CrI 4% to 65%) for microscopy. In the Pacific, (prevalence 88%) the negative PV was 34% (95%CrI 3% to 58%) and 37% (95%CrI 3% to 63%). The addition of qPCR parallel to microscopy in the Amazon increases the observed prevalence from 38% to 64% (+26 (95%CrI 19 to 34) percentage points).

Conclusion

The accuracy of either qPCR on DNA extracted from filter paper or microscopy for CL diagnosis as a stand-alone test seems to be unsatisfactory and region-dependent. We recommend further studies to confirm the clinically relevant increment found in the diagnostic yield due to the addition of qPCR.
Mechanical analysis of eight-legged temporary support structure under wave forces
Authors: Wang Weikuan , Yuan Yan-zhao
Published: November 2023

This paper presents a mechanical analysis of the foundation of a temporary offshore platform using a temporary embedded eight-leg support structure. The model is simulated using the finite element simulation software MIDAS-3D, with the modified RANS equation and Forchheimer saturated resistance model used to control the fluid. The stress analysis principle of the structure is simplified by the pile group theory. The stability of the eight-legged supporting structure is investigated under different embedding depths, pile diameters, wave periods, and amplitudes of the main piles. The results show that the eight-legged supporting structure can intercept and divert water flow, eliminating the impact of the water flow on the main piles during large waves. Additionally, as the diameter of the structure increases under the same wave conditions, the influence of the base volume and surface curvature gradually increases, deteriorating the stress environment of the main pile and decreasing the supporting effect of the eight-legged support structure. Numerical calculations of the seabed rock foundation of the eight-leg supporting structure show that the shallow pile foundation undergoes significant deformation, while the eight-leg supporting structure is still supported by the dead weight of the main pile.
Preschool or/and kindergarten? The long-term benefits of different types of early childhood education on pupils’ skills
Authors: Tang Yalin , Luo Renfu , Shi Yaojiang , Xie Gang , Chen Siwei , Liu Chengfang
Published: November 2023

Background

Developing countries have witnessed great progress in early childhood education (ECE) enrollment rate over the past three decades. Preschool and kindergarten are the two most common types of ECE in developing countries. Questions remain as to which of the two types of ECE is more effective in promoting child development in developing countries, including both cognitive and non-cognitive skills. The objective of this paper is to examine the long-term benefits of attending preschool or/and kindergarten on pupils’ cognitive and non-cognitive skills in rural China.

Methodology

We pooled data from two large-scale surveys conducted by the authors themselves at 136 rural primary schools in 20 counties from three provinces in northwestern China in 2009. The final study sample consisted of 9,839 pupils who both reported their ECE experience and completed cognitive and non-cognitive tests. We measured pupils’ cognitive skills by standardized math test scores and grade retention, and their non-cognitive skills by both self-reported self-efficacy, mental health, and teacher-reported behaviors. Inverse Probability Weighting (IPW) was used to balance the pre-treatment variables between the treatment (Any ECE, Preschool Only, Kindergarten Only, or Preschool+Kindergarten) and comparison (No ECE) groups.

Results

Results from IPW show that compared with their peers without any ECE experience, pupils with any ECE experience perform better in cognitive skills (0.118 standard deviations (s.d.) increase in the TIMSS, 7.1 percentage point (pp) decrease in the probability of grade retention) but not in non-cognitive skills. By ECE types, attending kindergarten only is associated with a 0.150 s.d. increase in the TIMSS, a 7.0 pp decrease in the probability of grade retention, and a 0.059 s.d. decrease in the index of behavioral problems of pupils. Moreover, attending both preschool and kindergarten predicts a lower probability of grade retention, but attending preschool only has few benefits. Heterogenous analyses suggest that the long-term benefits of ECE are more prominent among the Han pupils from households with higher socio-economic status.

Conclusions

Our findings imply that increasing access to ECE can be an effective instrument to improve pupils’ skills in less-developed rural areas of China, especially their cognitive skills. Among different types of ECE, attending kindergarten contributes more to pupils’ skill development in rural China than other types. We call for strengthened efforts to ensure equal access to quality ECE for preschool-aged children in rural China.
BushenHuoxue formula promotes osteogenic differentiation via affecting Hedgehog signaling pathway in bone marrow stem cells to improve osteoporosis symptoms
Authors: Chen Yuqi , Wei ZhiYong , Shi HongXia , Wen Xin , Wang YiRan , Wei Rong
Published: November 2023

Background

The BushenHuoxue formula (BSHX) has been previously demonstrated to ameliorate osteoporosis, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are currently unclear. The present study aims at investigating the mechanisms that BSHX induces osteogenesis.

Methods

We established an osteoporosis model in rats by bilateral ovariectomy and then treated the rats with an osteogenic inducer (dexamethasone, β-sodium glycerophosphate and Vitamin C) and BSHX. After that, bone marrow density and histopathological bone examination were evaluated by using HE staining and immunohistochemistry, respectively. We also assessed the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into osteoblasts by using immunofluorescence staining. ALP, BMP, and COL1A1 levels were determined by ELISA. We identified genes involved in pathogenesis of osteoporosis through Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and subsequently selected Hedgehog signaling-related genes Shh, Ihh, Gli2, and Runx2 for assessment via qRT-PCR and ELISA, Western blotting. Network pharmacology analysis was performed to identify bioactive metabolites of BSHX.

Results

BSHX treatment in osteoporosis model rats promoted tightening of the morphological structure of the trabecular bone and increased the bone mineral density (BMD). BSHX also increased levels of osteoblast makers ALP, BMP, and COL1A1. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis of the GEO dataset showed that Hedgehog signaling pathway was involved in pathogenesis of osteoporosis, especially related genes Shh, Ihh, Gli2, and Runx2. Remarkably, BHSX upregulated these genes indispensably involved in the osteogenesis-related Hedgehog signaling pathway in both bone tissue and BMSCs. Importantly, we identified that quercetin was the active compounds that involved in the mechanism of BSHX-improved OP via affecting Hedgehog-related genes.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that BSHX promotes osteogenesis by improving BMSC differentiation into osteoblasts via increased expression of Hedgehog signaling-related genes Shh, Ihh, Gli2, and Runx2, and quercetin was the bioactive compound of BSHX.
The dynamic effect of macroeconomic factors on housing prices: Evidence from South Africa
Authors: Lekhuleni Thami Innocent , Ndlovu Godfrey
Published: November 2023

This study examines the dynamic short- and long-run causal relationship between South African real house prices and key macroeconomic fundamentals (gross domestic product(GDP), mortgage rate, exchange rate-USDZAR, affordability, household debt to disposable income, unemployment rate, share prices (JSE ALL share index), foreign direct investment, and producer price index) over the period 2000Q1-2019Q4. The study uses a vector error correction model (VECM) to estimate the relationships while accounting for endogeneity and reverse causality. Although, there seems to be a significant association(both short and long-run) between house prices and all macroeconomic fundamental variables, GDP and producer price index appear to have the greatest impact. Further, our results suggest that any short-term disequilibrium in house prices always self-corrects in the long-run.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic ecosystem exposed to the 2020 Baghjan oil spill in upper Assam, India: Short-term toxicity and ecological risk assessment
Authors: Singh Vineet , Negi Ranjana , Jacob Merin , Gayathri Aaranya , Rokade Anurag , Sarma Hiyashri , Kalita Jitul , Tasfia Syeda Tabassum , Bharti Rajendra , Wakid Abdul , Suthar Surindra , Kolipakam Vishnupriya , Qureshi Qamar
Published: November 2023

This study focuses on the short-term contamination and associated risks arising from the release of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) due to the 2020 Baghjan oil blowout in upper Assam, India. Shortly after the Baghjan oil blowout, samples were collected from water, sediment, and fish species and examined for PAHs contents. The results of the analysis revealed ΣPAHs concentrations ranged between 0.21–691.31 μg L-1 (water); 37.6–395.8 μg Kg-1 (sediment); 104.3–7829.6 μg Kg-1 (fish). The prevalence of 3–4 ring low molecular weight PAHs compounds in water (87.17%), sediment (100%), and fish samples (93.17%) validate the petrogenic source of origin (oil spill). The geographic vicinity of the oil blowout is rich in wildlife; thus, leading to a significant mass mortality of several eco-sensitive species like fish, plants, microbes, reptiles, amphibians, birds and mammals including the Gangetic River dolphin. The initial ecological risk assessment suggested moderate to high-risk values (RQ >1) of majority PAHs concerning fish, daphnia, and algae species. This study highlights the need for recognizing the potential for short-term exposure to local species. To safeguard local ecosystems from potential future environmental disasters, it is imperative for the government to adopt a precautionary strategy.
Genome-wide association studies on coronary artery disease: A systematic review and implications for populations of different ancestries
Authors: Silva Sarah , Nitsch Dorothea , Fatumo Segun
Published: November 2023

Background

Cardiovascular diseases are some of the leading causes of death worldwide, with coronary artery disease leading as one of the primary causes of mortality in both the developing and developed worlds. Despite its prevalence, there is a disproportionately small number of studies conducted in populations of non-European ancestry, with the limited sample sizes of such studies further restricting the power and generalizability of respective findings. This research aimed at understanding the differences in the genetic architecture of coronary artery disease (CAD) in populations of diverse ancestries in order to contribute towards the understanding of the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease.

Methods

We performed a systematic review on the 6th of October, 2022 summarizing genome-wide association studies on coronary artery disease, while employing the GWAS Catalog as an independent database to support the search. We developed a framework to assess the methodological quality of each study. We extracted and grouped associated single nucleotide polymorphisms and genes according to ancestry groups of participants.

Results

We identified 3100 studies, of which, 36 relevant studies were included in this research. Three of the studies that were included were not listed in the GWAS Catalog, highlighting the value of conducting an independent search alongside established databases in order to ensure the full research landscape has been captured. 743,919 CAD case participants from 25 different countries were analysed, with 61% of the studies identified in this research conducted in populations of European ancestry. No studies investigated populations of Africans living in continental Africa or admixed American ancestry groups besides African-Americans, while limited sample sizes were included of population groups besides Europeans and East Asians. This observed disproportionate population representation highlights the gaps in the literature, which limits our ability to understand coronary artery disease as a global disease. 71 genetic loci were identified to be associated with coronary artery disease in more than one article, with ancestry-specific genetic loci identified in each respective population group which were not detected in studies of other ancestries.

Conclusions

Although the replication and validation of these variants are still warranted, these finding are indicative of the value of including diverse ancestry populations in GWAS reference panels, as a more comprehensive understanding of the genetic architecture and pathophysiology of CAD can be achieved.
Changes in food purchase, consumption and handling during COVID-19 pandemic among single person households
Authors: Antwi Janet , Olawuyi Yetunde , Bain Shadiamon , Samuel Kyndall
Published: November 2023

Objective

As a new type of consumer subject in the market that was formerly dominated by multiple person families, single households are driving the change in the buying structure. Food purchase activities have undergone significant changes since the outbreak of the COVID‐19. The objective of this study was to assess and compare variations in food consumption, purchase and handling during the COVID-19 pandemic between single person households (SPH) and multiple person households.

Method

A cross-sectional study conducted among 211 individuals in communities in Harris and Waller Counties, Texas. Sociodemographic, food purchase, food consumption and food handling activities during the COVID-19 pandemic were assessed with a validated COVID-19 Nutrition questionnaire.

Results

Non-Hispanic Black participants constituted 42.6%, and 28.4% were Hispanics. Participants were made up of mostly aged 18–24 years (39.3%), 47.9% single household composition, 30.4% in full time employment, and 29.1% partook in food assistance programs. A large proportion of them had never used grocery pickup services, online grocery shopping and a farmers’ market. During the COVID-19 pandemic, majority of the participants used more of large supermarkets, restaurant/fast food, and online grocery but food consumption seemed to remain the same for the majority of participants. For beverages, majority of participants consumed more water, less soda, and no alcohol. There was a significant association between single person household and higher restaurant/fast foods purchase. Many of the participants reported weight gain and less physical activity during the pandemic.

Conclusion

Restaurant meal purchases was more prevalent in single-person families. The results from the study have the potential to contribute to how public policy officials, food service, and health authorities forecast how different categories of consumers will react in pandemics and may be used to inform area-specific alleviation strategies to minimize the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and future events.
Hepatic insulin synthesis increases in rat models of diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 differently
Authors: Abidov Musa , Sokolova Ksenia , Danilova Irina , Baykenova Madina , Gette Irina , Mychlynina Elena , Aydin Ozgur Burcin , Gurol Ali Osman , Yilmaz M. Temel
Published: November 2023

Insulin-positive (+) cells (IPCs), detected in multiple organs, are of great interest as a probable alternative to ameliorate pancreatic beta-cells dysfunction and insulin deficiency in diabetes. Liver is a potential source of IPCs due to it common embryological origin with pancreas. We previously demonstrated the presence of IPCs in the liver of healthy and diabetic rats, but detailed description and analysis of the factors, which potentially can induced ectopic hepatic expression of insulin in type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), were not performed. In present study we evaluate mass of hepatic IPCs in the rat models of T1D and T2D and discuss factors, which may stimulate it generation: glycaemia, organ injury, involving of hepatic stem/progenitor cell compartment, expression of transcription factors and inflammation. Quantity of IPCs in the liver was up by 1.7-fold in rats with T1D and 10-fold in T2D compared to non-diabetic (ND) rats. We concluded that ectopic hepatic expression of insulin gene is activated by combined action of a number of factors, with inflammation playing a decision role.
Green trees preservation: A sustainable source of valuable mushrooms for Ethiopian local communities
Authors: Dejene Tatek , Merga Bulti , Martín-Pinto Pablo
Published: November 2023

In Ethiopia,Pinus radiataandPinus patulaare extensively cultivated. Both plantations frequently serve as habitats for edible fungi, providing economic and ecological importance. Our study aims were: (i) to investigate how plantation age and tree species influence the variety of edible fungi and sporocarps production; (ii) to determine edaphic factors contributing to variations in sporocarps composition; and (iii) to establish a relationship between the most influencing edaphic factors and the production of valuable edible mushrooms for both plantation types. Sporocarps were collected weekly from permanent plots (100 m2) established in 5-, 14-, and 28-year-old stands of both species in 2020. From each plot, composite soil samples were also collected to determine explanatory edaphic variables for sporocarps production and composition. A total of 24 edible species, comprising 21 saprophytic and three ectomycorrhizal ones were identified.Agaricus campestroides,Morchellasp.,Suillus luteus,Lepista sordida, andTylopilus nigerwere found in both plantations. Sporocarp yields showed significant variation, with the highest mean production in 28-year-old stands of bothPinusstands. Differences in sporocarps variety were also observed between the two plantations, influenced by factors such as pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and cation exchange capacity.Bovista dermoxantha,Coprinellus domesticus, andA.campestroidesmade contributions to the variety. The linear regression models indicated that the abundance of specific fungi was significantly predicted by organic matter. This insight into the nutrient requirements of various fungal species can inform for a better plantation management to produce both wood and non-wood forest products. Additionally, higher sporocarps production in older stands suggests that retaining patches of mature trees after the final cut can enhance fungal habitat, promoting diversity and yield. Thus, implementing this approach could provide supplementary income opportunities from mushroom sales and enhance the economic outputs of plantations, while mature trees could serve as a source of fungal inoculum for new plantations.
A modeling study of the impact of treatment policies on the evolution of resistance in sea lice on salmon farms
Authors: Trombetta Enrico , Jakubiak Sara , Kutkova Sara , Lipschutz Debby , O’Hare Anthony , Enright Jessica A.
Published: November 2023

Salmonid aquaculture is an important source of nutritious food with more than 2 million tonnes of fish produced each year (Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, 2019). In most salmon producing countries, sea lice represent a major barrier to the sustainability of salmonid aquaculture. This issue is exacerbated by widespread resistance to chemical treatments on both sides of the Atlantic. Regulation for sea lice management mostly involves reporting lice counts and treatment thresholds, which depending on interpretation may encourage preemptive treatments. We have developed a stochastic simulation model of sea lice infestation including the lice life-cycle, genetic resistance to treatment, a wildlife reservoir, salmon growth and stocking practices in the context of infestation, and coordination of treatment between farms. Farms report infestation levels to a central organisation, and may then cooperate or not when coordinated treatment is triggered. Treatment practice then impacts the level of resistance in the surrounding sea lice population. Our simulation finds that treatment drives selection for resistance and coordination between managers is key. We also find that position in the hydrologically-derived network of farms can impact individual farm infestation levels and the topology of this network can impact overall infestation and resistance. We show how coordination and triggering of treatment alongside varying hydrological topology of farm connections affects the evolution of lice resistance, and thus optimise salmon quality within socio-economic and environmental constraints. Network topology drives infestation levels in cages, treatments, and hence treatment-driven resistance. Thus farmer behaviour may be highly dependent on hydrologically position and local level of infestation.
The development and the use of gender-affirming online resources and games for gender-independent, intersex, non-binary, and transgender (GIaNT) children and youth: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Haghiri-Vijeh Roya , Newman-Seymour Kat , Huizenga Daniel , Hung Aidan
Published: November 2023

Objective

The objective of this scoping review protocol is to review what has been reported on the development and the use of gender-affirming online resources and games for gender-independent, intersex, non-binary, and transgender (GIaNT) youth (aged 9–26).

Introduction

GIaNT youth and their specialized health care needs are mostly exempt from curriculums. There is limited information on the specific online sources available for GIaNT children and youth.

Inclusion criteria

The inclusion criteria are sources that include GIaNT children and youth and focus on online spaces and games for the identified population.

Methods

The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) method for scoping reviews has guided the development of this protocol. Databases to be searched include CINAHL, Cochrane, Epistemonikos, ERIC, Gender Studies Database, GenderWatch, LGBTQ+ Source, ProQuest, PyscInfo, and Scopus. Unpublished studies and gray literature searches will be undertaken in ProQuest thesis and dissertation and a limited number of relevant websites. No limit on date or region will be applied. Records will be screened and extracted by two independent reviewers. Results will be presented as tables with accompanying narrative summary.

Conclusion

This scoping review protocol will guide the review and mapping of literature on available sources for online spaces and games for GIaNT children and youth.
Influence of language use on migrant workers’ willingness to Urban settlement-based on the CLDS 2016 survey data
Authors: Huang Longjunjiang , Liang Xian , Li Lishan , Xiao Hui , Xie Fangting
Published: November 2023

In the framework of China new urbanization construction, migrant workers are of great significance for urban sustainable development. Based on the data of CLDS2016, we used the multi- -ordered Logistics model to effectively explore the influence of migrant workers ’ language use on the urban settlement will. The research results showed that the mastery of the urban dialect and the language used after work had a significant impact on the willingness of the migrant workers in the urban settlement, while the language used at work had no significant impact on the migrant workers’ willingness to settle in cities. Therefore, policy implications are proposed on improving the social integration of migrant workers, enhancing the sense of belonging, and removing the obstacles and doubts in the process of urban settlement.
Physiological aging and life-cycle labor supply across countries
Authors: Hansen Casper Worm , Dalgaard Carl-Johan , Strulik Holger
Published: November 2023

We construct a cohort-based frailty index for 180 countries over the period 1990-2019. We use this measure of physiological aging to estimate the impact of deteriorating health on labor force participation. Our three-dimensional panel framework, in which the unit of observation is a cohort in a given country at a given age, allows us to control for a range of unobserved factors. Our identification strategy further exploits a compensating law of physiological aging to account for reverse causality. We find a negative effect of physiological aging on labor market participation: an increase of the frailty index by one percent leads to a reduction of labor force participation of about 0.6 (±0.2) percentage points. Since health deficits (in the frailty index) are accumulated at a rate of about 3 percent per year of life, almost all of the age-related decline in labor force participation can be motivated by deteriorating health.
The association between serum prolactin levels and live birth rates in non-PCOS patients: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Xu Xiaoyuan , Yang Aimin , Han Yan , Wang Wei , Hao Guimin , Cui Na
Published: November 2023

Background and objectives

This paper aimed to analyze the relationship between baseline prolactin (PRL) levels and live birth rates (LBRs) in patients undergoing embryo transfer who did not have polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) using a retrospective design. Patient(s): A total of 20,877 patients who had undergone IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) between December 2014 and December 2019.

Materials and methods

We examined the association between PRL concentrations and LBRs using multivariate regression analysis. In addition, a model for nonlinear relationships based on a two-part linear regression was developed.

Results

Following adjustment for confounding factors, multivariate regression analysis confirmed a statistically significant correlation between serum PRL and LBR. Particularly, when blood PRL content was less than 14.8 ng/mL, there exists a positive relation between serum PRL and LBRs. In contrast, once PRL concentrations surpassed the inflection point at 14.8 ng/mL, a meaningful relationship could no longer be inferred between serum PRL and LBR.

Conclusions

Basal serum PRL levels were segmentally connected with LBRs.
Neuropilin-1 identifies a subset of highly activated CD8+ T cells during parasitic and viral infections
Authors: Abberger Hanna , Hose Matthias , Ninnemann Anne , Menne Christopher , Eilbrecht Mareike , Lang Karl S. , Matuschewski Kai , Geffers Robert , Herz Josephine , Buer Jan , Westendorf Astrid M. , Hansen Wiebke
Published: November 2023

Neuropilin-1 (Nrp-1) expression on CD8+ T cells has been identified in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and in persistent murine gamma-herpes virus infections, where it interferes with the development of long-lived memory T cell responses. In parasitic and acute viral infections, the role of Nrp-1 expression on CD8+ T cells remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate a strong induction of Nrp-1 expression on CD8+ T cells in Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA)-infected mice that correlated with neurological deficits of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). Likewise, the frequency of Nrp-1+CD8+ T cells was significantly elevated and correlated with liver damage in the acute phase of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. Transcriptomic and flow cytometric analyses revealed a highly activated phenotype of Nrp-1+CD8+ T cells from infected mice. Correspondingly, in vitro experiments showed rapid induction of Nrp-1 expression on CD8+ T cells after stimulation in conjunction with increased expression of activation-associated molecules. Strikingly, T cell-specific Nrp-1 ablation resulted in reduced numbers of activated T cells in the brain of PbA-infected mice as well as in spleen and liver of LCMV-infected mice and alleviated the severity of ECM and LCMV-induced liver pathology. Mechanistically, we identified reduced blood-brain barrier leakage associated with reduced parasite sequestration in the brain of PbA-infected mice with T cell-specific Nrp-1 deficiency. In conclusion, Nrp-1 expression on CD8+ T cells represents a very early activation marker that exacerbates deleterious CD8+ T cell responses during both, parasitic PbA and acute LCMV infections.
Magic in advertising: Key themes for analysis
Authors: Berdayes Vicente
Published: November 2023

This article identifies a variety of magical motifs that appear in ads and that consequently shape the popular practices of consumerism. In this context, magic refers to visual and textual content that suggest the world is suffused with supernatural forces and agencies. The author briefly discusses some basic approaches to the study of magic in advertising, proceeds to identify the range of magical themes that reliably appear in ads, and discusses an assignment that can be used to guide students towards a deeper understanding of this key aspect of consumerism.
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE ALKALOID DONAXIN IN THE SUBSTANCE DONAXINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: Mutalova Dilnoza Karimberzhievna , Botirov Ruzali Anvarovich , Sadikov Alimdzhan Zairovich , Sagdullaev Shamansur Shakhsaidovich
Published: November 2023

The development of analytical methods for the standardization of a substance, as well as dosage forms based on it, is an actual task in the production of pharmacological preparations. In connection with the increasing requirements for the quality of active pharmaceutical ingredients, it is advisable to include modern chromatographic methods (HPLC and GLC) in them. In addition, the prospect of introducing drugs into medical practice determines the need to develop highly sensitive methods for determining active substances in substances for pharmacokinetic studies. The aerial part of Arundo donax L. is the main raw material for the industrial production of the drug substance Donaxin hydrochloride. Donaxin is an alkaloid of the indole group and has the chemical structure of 3-(dimethylaminomethyl) indole. Previously, for the quantitative determination of donaxin hydrochloride in the substance of the drug of the same name, the titrometry method was used, according to the results of which the content of the active substance was at least 98.0%. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a new modern technique that exceeds the titration method in selectivity, reproducibility and precision. We have developed and validated a new method for the quantitative determination of Donaxin hydrochloride using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This technique is simple and well reproduced. The developed method was validated according to the following indicators: specificity, linearity, precision, limit of detection and limit of quantitation. A comparative evaluation of the developed method for the quantitative determination of Donaxin hydrochloride in the substance by HPLC with the method included in the temporary pharmacopoeia article (titrimetric) was carried out in terms of the Fisher criterion.
BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TAGETES PATULA FLOWERS GROWN IN YAKUTIA AND IVANOVO REGION
Authors: Zhuravskaya Alla Nikolayevna , Sleptsov Igor' Vital'yevich
Published: November 2023

The biochemical composition of primary and secondary metabolites of Tagetes patula flowers grown on the territory of Yakutia and Ivanovo region was studied. It has been shown that the content of essential nutrients such as proteins, lipids and water-soluble polysaccharides in T. patula flowers varied insignificantly. The qualitative composition of monosaccharides of water-soluble polysaccharides, the amino acid composition of proteins and the fatty acid composition of lipids did not differ in all the studied samples. The monosaccharide composition of water-soluble polysaccharides, the fatty acid composition of lipids, the amino acid composition of the proteins of T. patula flowers grown in Yakutia and the Ivanovo region have been established. In all studied samples of T. patula flowers, the following phenolic compounds were identified: tocopherol, isorhamnetin, laricitrin, quinine, gallic, chlorogenic and ellagic acids, as well as the following terpenoids: stigmasterol, sitosterol, α- and β-amirin. According to the research results, it was shown that the place of collection of T. patula flowers for the subsequent production of biologically active additives from them does not have a significant effect on their biochemical composition.
SEASONAL CHEMICAL STRUCTURE VARIABILITY IN BETULA TORTUOSA LEDEB. TREE RINGS IN ALPINE FOREST-TUNDRA OF KUZNETSK ALA TAU MOUNTAINS
Authors: Tyutkova Ekaterina Aleksandrovna , Loskutov Sergey Radzhinaldovich , Dorzhiev Daniil Vyacheslavovich
Published: November 2023

Woody vegetation growth conditions have marked effects on hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin formation. In this study, we analyzed the climatic responses of these major cell wall polymers in Betula tortuosa. We studied 35 annual rings (1980–2015) of Betula Tortuosa Ledeb. trees growing in the alpine forest-tundra of Kuznetsk Ala Tau using and pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Our analysis of the correlation of the resulting spectra and Py-GC/MS values with mean air temperature and precipitation showed that the polymeric composition of Betula Tortuosa Ledeb. was mainly determined by June-August climate. The major factor limiting the development of the “unique” cell wall polymer composition of Betula Tortuosa Ledeb. found in alpine forest-tundra of Kuznetsk Ala Tau was a deficit of heat. At the end of the growing season, precipitation had largely a negative impact on polymer formation in Betula Tortuosa Ledeb. cell walls. We believe that Py-GC/MS is an effective approach to quantifying the consequences of current climate trends for Siberian forest ecosystems.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF SOLUTIONS OF THE CHITIN-GLUCAN COM-PLEX FROM THE FRUIT BODIES OF ARMILLARIA MELLEA IN ACETIC AND HYDROGENIC ACID
Authors: Minakov Denis Viktorovich , Chashchilov Dmitriy Viktorovich , Minakova Anastasiya Aleksandrovna , Markin Vadim Ivanovich
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the rheological properties of the chitin-glucan complex (CGC) in aqueous solutions of hydrochloric and acetic acids. The CGC sample was isolated from the fruiting bodies of the Armillaria mellea, biotechnologically obtained from an easily renewable plant material. The flow of solutions of chitin-glucan complex with a concentration of 1, 5, 10% (wt.) in hydrochloric acid and 1, 3, 5% (wt.) in acetic acid was studied by the method of rotational viscometry in the range from 10 s-1 to 1000 s-1 at temperatures from 20°C to 50°C. The values of the rheological coefficients of the Ostwald equation are determined. The phenomena of non-Newtonian viscosity anomalies are established. The high viscosity of solutions may be due to the presence of an internal supramolecular structure in solutions of the chitin-glucan complex. The predominantly pseudoplastic nature of the rheological behavior of the studied solutions is shown. The flow index in this case varies from 0,18 to 0,79 for solutions of the chitin-glucan complex in hydrochloric acid and from 0,01 to 0,47 in solutions of acetic acid with a concentration of 3 to 5% (wt.). The pseudoplastic flow mechanism of such solutions can be explained by the destruction of the internal structure of the solution with an increase in shear loads. The dilatant nature of the flow of CGC solutions in acetic acid at a concentration of 1% (wt.) at a shear rate of 10 to 100 s-1 was also revealed. The flow index in this case ranges from 1,28 to 1,57. The dilatant nature of the flow may be due to the predominance of the processes of formation of a new internal structure in solution over the destruction of the existing structure in solution at a low concentration of the chitin-glucan complex. The influence of temperature on the rheological behavior of solutions is strongly distorted by the influence of other factors.