bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Mechanical Behavior of Cable‐Supported Barrel Vault Structures with Varying Temperature
Authors: Sun Guojun , Wu Mingze , Chen Zhihua , Xue Suduo
Published: June 2019

The cable‐supported barrel vault (CSBV) structure system is a new type of hybrid spatial steel structure based on a beam string structure (or truss string structure), suspendomes, and cylindrical lattice shells. Steel cables (e.g., steel wire rope cables, steel strand cables, semiparallel steel tendons, and steel rods) are key components of CSBV structures. However, they have different elastic moduli and thermal expansion coefficients. In this study, the roof of a textile workshop (the first CSBV structure in China) was analyzed with four types of cables under the effect of varying temperature. Under half‐span loading and full‐span loading, the structural internal force and displacement at varying temperatures were obtained from finite element models employing four different types of steel cables. The internal force, displacement, and horizontal arch thrust changed linearly with increasing temperature. Moreover, the dynamic characteristics of CSBV with varying temperature were analyzed. The frequency of the CSBV changed linearly with increasing temperature. Based on the dynamic characteristics of CSBV with varying temperature, a seismic response time‐history analysis was performed. The variation in the maximum responses of the internal force, displacement, and horizontal arch thrust was obtained. In each case, the mechanical behavior of the CSBV with semiparallel steel tendon cables was strongly affected by the temperature. Therefore, semiparallel steel tendons are not recommended as components of CSBV in cases where large temperature changes can be expected. Thereafter, a scale model of a CSBV was designed and used for experiments and corresponding finite element analyses under varying temperature. Experimental results show that the finite element method is effective for analyzing the mechanical behavior of CSBV under varying temperature.
Updating Road Information in Open‐Pit Mines Using Truck Trajectories
Authors: Fengliang Tian , Xiaoyu Sun , Xiaowei Gu , Fengyang Xin , Li Ma
Published: June 2019

Accurate road information is crucial for the effective planning and management of open‐pit mines. However, the parameters related to the roads in open‐pit mines change constantly, and their shapes are often complicated. These factors indicate the difficulties in updating road information in open‐pit mines. This study reports a method for updating the road information in open‐pit mines using the trajectories of trucks. The method employs an algorithm for compressing trajectory data, an algorithm for extracting new roads, and an algorithm for old‐road classification. Data from the Fushun open‐pit mine is used to validate this method, and our experiments show that it can identify more than 90% of new roads and the majority of disappearing roads. In addition, we analyze several factors affecting the results obtained using this approach and provide a detailed description of the limitations of this method. Overall, our findings indicate that this is a promising approach to road‐information retrieval.
SUMOylation Evoked by Oxidative Stress Reduced Lens Epithelial Cell Antioxidant Functions by Increasing the Stability and Transcription of TP53INP1 in Age-Related Cataracts
Authors: Lu Bo , Christensen Ian T. , Yu Tao , Wang Chunxia , Yan Qichang , Wang Xinling
Published: June 2019

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cataracts. Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins have great effects on cell stress response. Previous studies have shown that TP53INP1 can arrest cell growth and induce apoptosis by modulating p53 transcriptional activity and that both TP53INP1 and p53 are substrates of SUMOylation. However, no previous research has studied the effect of SUMOylation on the oxidative stress response in cataracts. This is the first study to investigate the effect of SUMOylation of TP53INP1 in oxidative stress-induced lens epithelial cell injury and age-related cataract formation. We found that the oxidative stress-induced endogenous SUMOylation of TP53INP1 promoted human lens epithelial cell (holed) apoptosis and regulated hLEC antioxidant effects by increasing the stability and transcription of TP53INP1 in age-related cataracts. SUMO-1, SUMOylation, and TP53INP1 were upregulated in lens tissues affected by age-related cataracts. A SUMO-1-specific protease, SENP1, acted as an oxidative stress-sensitive target gene in hLECs. This study identified for the first time that TP53INP1 can be SUMOylated in vivo, that the SUMOylation of TP53INP1 is induced by oxidative stress, and that SUMOylation/deSUMOylation can affect the stability and transcription of TP53INP1 in hLECs.
Serous Papillary Adenocarcinoma of Unknown Primary in a Recurrent Paravaginal Cyst
Authors: Patel Khilen , Punjala-Patel Advaita , Stephens Angela , Lue John
Published: June 2019

Cystic lesions located in the paravaginal region are rare. When present, paravaginal cysts are typically benign and are incidentally found on routine gynecological exams; however, rarely they can be malignant. Treatment options for paravaginal cancers are not well studied and early diagnosis may help improve prognosis in these patients. Our case describes a 55-year-old female with a recurrent paravaginal cyst that was remarkable for serous papillary adenocarcinoma despite biopsy and fluid cytology negative for malignancy. This case demonstrates that malignancy should be considered highly with a recurrent paravaginal cyst, especially when present over a short interval.
Improved Dynamical Particle Swarm Optimization Method for Structural Dynamics
Authors: Annicchiarico W. D. , Cerrolaza M.
Published: June 2019

A methodology to the multiobjective structural design of buildings based on an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is presented, which has proved to be very efficient and robust in nonlinear problems and when the optimization objectives are in conflict. In particular, the behaviour of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) classical algorithm is improved by dynamically adding autoadaptive mechanisms that enhance the exploration/exploitation trade‐off and diversity of the proposed algorithm, avoiding getting trapped in local minima. A novel integrated optimization system was developed, called DI‐PSO, to solve this problem which is able to control and even improve the structural behaviour under seismic excitations. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, the methodology is tested against some benchmark problems. Then a 3‐story‐building model is optimized under different objective cases, concluding that the improved multiobjective optimization methodology using DI‐PSO is more efficient as compared with those designs obtained using single optimization.
Retroperitoneal Endometrioid Carcinoma Arising from Ureteral Endometriosis
Authors: Osaku Daiken , Taniguchi Fuminori , Moriyama Maako , Sato Shinya , Oishi Tetsuro , Harada Tasuku
Published: June 2019

Primary ureteral endometriosis is considered to be an uncommon form with an incidence of less than 0.1% in endometriosis. We reported a case of retroperitoneal endometrioid carcinoma possibly arising from ureteral endometriosis. A 52-year-old woman complained left backache. A solid mass in left retroperitoneal cavity with hydronephrosis was found. Diagnostic laparotomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and biopsy of the mass were performed. Although the primary lesion was not defined in the surgery, the histopathological diagnosis of specimen was endometrioid carcinoma. In the interval debulking surgery after the chemotherapy, tumor adjacent the left iliac vessels was observed. We resected the mass together with 5 cm left ureter and performed ureterectomy and anastomosis. The patient was diagnosed as the malignant transformation of ureteral endometriosis. Adjuvant chemotherapy is now undergoing. In case of finding the cancer tissue in women, we should take into account the malignant transformation of less common endometriosis, including ureteral endometriosis.
Critical Literature Review into Planning of Inter-Terminal Transport: In Port Areas and the Hinterland
Authors: Hu Qu , Wiegmans Bart , Corman Francesco , Lodewijks Gabriel
Published: June 2019

Nowadays, the major ports around the world usually consist of multiple terminals and service centers which are often run by different operators. Meanwhile, inland terminals have been also developed to reduce port congestion and improve transport efficiency. The integrated planning of inter-terminal transport (ITT) between the seaport and inland terminals helps in providing frequent and profitable services, but also could lead to higher overall planning complexity. Moreover, the ITT system usually involves multiple stakeholders with different or even conflicting interests. Although an increasing number of studies have been conducted in recent years, few studies have summarized the research findings and indicated the directions for future research regarding ITT. This paper provides a systemic review of ITT planning: we examine 77 scientific journal papers to identify what kind of objectives should be achieved in ITT system planning, which actors should be involved, and what methodologies can be used to support the decision-making process. Based on the analysis of the existing research, several research gaps can be found. For example, the multi-modality ITT systems are rarely studied; cooperation frameworks are needed in the coordination of different actors and quantitative methodologies should be developed to reflect the different actors’ financial interests.
Glutamate Decarboxylase 65 Signals through the Androgen Receptor to Promote Castration Resistance in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Gao Yi , Chen Lu , Du ZunGuo , Gao WenChao , Wu ZhengMing , Liu XiuJuan , Huang Hai , Xu DanFeng , Li QingQuan
Published: June 2019

The transition from an androgen-dependent to a castration-resistant state is a critical event in the progression of prostate cancer. In this study, we compared metabolic pathways between isogenic human androgen-dependent and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patient-derived xenograft models, and found consistent activation of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt in CRPC. This difference was the result of phosphorylation and activation of glutamate decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), which synthesizes GABA from glutamate by decarboxylation. Mechanistic investigation showed that GABA binds to and retains the androgen receptor (AR) in the nucleus by facilitating AR association with the nuclear zinc finger protein ZNHIT3. GAD65 knockdown decreased the growth of multiple established CRPC xenografts and markedly delayed the time to emergence of castration resistance. These data encourage exploring GAD65 as a therapeutic target for CRPC.

Significance:

This study reports metabolic alterations that could be responsible for the development of CRPC and identifies the GABA-producing enzyme GAD65 as a potential new therapeutic target.

See related commentary by Taylor and Watt, p. 4580
The EGFR Exon 19 Mutant L747-A750>P Exhibits Distinct Sensitivity to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Truini Anna , Starrett Jacqueline H. , Stewart Tyler , Ashtekar Kumar , Walther Zenta , Wurtz Anna , Lu David , Park Jin H. , DeVeaux Michelle , Song Xiaoling , Gettinger Scott , Zelterman Daniel , Lemmon Mark A. , Goldberg Sarah B. , Politi Katerina
Published: June 2019

Purpose:

EGFR exon 19 deletion (Ex19Del) mutations account for approximately 60% of lung cancer–associated EGFR mutations and include a heterogeneous group of mutations. Although they are associated with benefit from tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), the relative inhibitor sensitivity of individual Ex19Del mutations is unknown.

Experimental Design: We studied the TKI sensitivity and structural features of common Ex19Del mutations and the consequences for patient outcomes on TKI treatment.

Results:

We found that the L747-A750>P mutation, which represents about 4% of all Ex19Del mutations, displays unique inhibitor selectivity. L747-A750>P differs from other Ex19Del mutations in not being suppressed completely by erlotinib or osimertinib, yet is completely inhibited by low doses of afatinib. The HCC4006 cell line (with the L747-A750>P mutation) exhibited increased sensitivity to afatinib over erlotinib and osimertinib, and computational modeling suggests explanations for this sensitivity pattern. Clinically, patients with EGFR L747-A750>P mutant tumors showed inferior outcomes when treated with erlotinib than patients with E746-A750 mutant tumors.

Conclusions:

These results highlight important differences between specific Ex19Del mutations that may be relevant for optimizing TKI choice for patients.
Spliced X-box Binding Protein 1 Stimulates Adaptive Growth Through Activation of mTOR
Authors: Wang Xiaoding , Deng Yingfeng , Zhang Guangyu , Li Chao , Ding Guanqiao , May Herman I. , Tran Diem H. , Luo Xiang , Jiang Ding-Sheng , Li Dan L. , Wei Xiang , Xu Lin , Ferdous Anwarul , Gillette Thomas G. , Scherer Philipp E. , Jiang Xuejun , Wang Zhao V.
Published: June 2019

Background:

The unfolded protein response plays versatile roles in physiology and pathophysiology. Its connection to cell growth, however, remains elusive. Here, we sought to define the role of unfolded protein response in the regulation of cardiomyocyte growth in the heart.

Methods:

We used both gain- and loss-of-function approaches to genetically manipulate XBP1s (spliced X-box binding protein 1), the most conserved signaling branch of the unfolded protein response, in the heart. In addition, primary cardiomyocyte culture was used to address the role of XBP1s in cell growth in a cell-autonomous manner.

Results:

We found that XBP1s expression is reduced in both human and rodent cardiac tissues under heart failure. Furthermore, deficiency of XBP1s leads to decompensation and exacerbation of heart failure progression under pressure overload. On the other hand, cardiac-restricted overexpression of XBP1s prevents the development of cardiac dysfunction. Mechanistically, we found that XBP1s stimulates adaptive cardiac growth through activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling, which is mediated via FKBP11 (FK506-binding protein 11), a novel transcriptional target of XBP1s. Moreover, silencing of FKBP11 significantly diminishes XBP1s-induced mechanistic target of rapamycin activation and adaptive cell growth.

Conclusions:

Our results reveal a critical role of the XBP1s–FKBP11–mechanistic target of rapamycin axis in coupling of the unfolded protein response and cardiac cell growth regulation.
Protracted Developmental Trajectory of Shape Processing along the Two Visual Pathways
Authors: Freud Erez , Plaut David C. , Behrmann Marlene
Published: June 2019

Studies of the emergence of shape representations in childhood have focused primarily on the ventral visual pathway. Importantly, however, there is increasing evidence that, in adults, the dorsal pathway also represents shape-based information. These dorsal representations follow a gradient with more posterior regions being more shape-sensitive than anterior regions and with representational similarity in some posterior regions that is equivalent to that observed in some ventral regions. To explore the emergence and nature of dorsal shape representations in development, we acquired both fMRI BOLD signals and behavioral data in children (aged 8–10 years) using a parametric image scrambling paradigm. Children exhibited adult-like large-scale organization of shape processing along both ventral and dorsal pathways. Also, as in adults, the activation profiles of children's posterior dorsal and ventral regions were correlated with recognition performance, reflecting a possible contribution of these signals to perception. There were age-related changes, however, with children being more affected by the distortion of shape information than adults, both behaviorally and neurally. These findings reveal that shape-processing mechanisms along both dorsal and ventral pathways are subject to a protracted developmental trajectory.
A preliminary checklist of the millipedes (Diplopoda) of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA
Authors: SNYDER BRUCE A.
Published: June 2019

Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the most visited National Park in the United States, is home to a wide diversity of millipede species. A preliminary list of these species is provided, based on literature records and new collections from the All-Taxa Biodiversity Inventory and the author’s research. This report establishes that the Park’s presently known fauna consists of 62 species (one of which contains two subspecies) in 21 families and all 10 orders known from eastern North America, and includes at least five new state records and 18 new Park records. In the near future several undescribed species will likely be added to the list, as well as described species that are currently known to occur near the Park, but have never been reported from within the Park’s boundary.Key words: Appalachian Mountains, ATBI, North Carolina, Tennessee, biodiversity, inventory, GSMNP
A taxonomic catalogue of the Palaearctic bees of the tribe Osmiini (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae)
Authors: UNGRICHT STEFAN , MÜLLER ANDREAS , DORN SILVIA
Published: June 2019

This taxonomic catalogue covers all family-, genusand species-group names of the Palaearctic bees of the tribe Osmiini as published by the end of 2006. As the taxonomy of the Palaearctic Osmiini is currently in a poor state, the primary goal of this catalogue is to provide a complete coverage of the widely dispersed and often not easily accessible taxonomic literature, thus laying the basis for further taxonomic work. We therefore refrain from proposing new synonyms, new names, new ranks or new combinations, and the taxa accepted here are based on a literature survey, generally adopting the most recent published opinion. The generic and subgeneric system proposed by Michener (2000) serves as a general backbone for this catalogue. We list six available family-group names, 93 available genus-group names and 935 available species-group names that currently split up into the valid names of two subtribes, 13 genera, 43 non-nominotypical subgenera, 604 species and 76 non-nominotypical subspecies. Starting with Linnaeus (1758), a total of 99 mainly European taxonomists contributed to the available species-group names by the end of 2006. Taxon accounts provide the reference to the original description, the name-bearing type(s), distribution, and literature sources for species identification. Apart from the extant taxa the catalogue also treats the extinct representatives of the osmiine bees following the tribal classification of Engel (2005).
An update to the Iberian spider checklist (Araneae)
Authors: BRANCO VASCO VEIGA , MORANO EDUARDO , CARDOSO PEDRO
Published: June 2019

We updated a previous database that compiled all the information available in 2010 for the species distribution of spiders (Araneae) in the Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands (Illes Balears) included. By the end of 2018 a total of 30834 records were compiled. These belong to 1493 species, 282 of those endemic to the peninsula, across 56 families and 402 genera. This represents an increase of approximately 14% in the number of species in the last nine years. From all families found in the Iberian Peninsula, Araneidae represent the highest number of records (3315), Linyphiidae the highest species richness (302) and Dysderidae the highest endemic richness (58). When considering only the 2010 decade, Linyphiidae lead in both number of records (1417) and species (49), but Gnaphosidae have the highest newly described endemic richness (18). When looking at the full data per province, the largest number of records are located in Illes Balears (1864), followed by Barcelona (1287). When it comes to species, Huesca (474) and Barcelona (470) are the richest provinces. However, it is Illes Balears that possesses the largest known endemic richness (43), followed by Beja and Faro (39). Regarding the last decade, Illes Balears received the largest sampling effort with 901 records, followed by Girona (806). Ciudad Real had the highest increase in known richness with 191 new species to the province, followed by León and Lleida (188). The most new endemic species were found in Faro (16), followed by Almería and Cádiz (13). This checklist is accompanied by an online catalogue where all its information is fully listed.
Uncovering karst endemism within Borneo: two new Cyrtodactylus species from Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: DAVIS HAYDEN R. , BAUER AARON M. , JACKMAN TODD R. , NASHRIQ IZNEIL , DAS INDRANEIL
Published: June 2019

The island of Borneo lies within one of the most biodiverse regions in the world. Despite this, its documented gekkonid diversity is not commensurate with other areas of Southeast Asia. The megadiverse genus Cyrtodactylus is especially underrepresented. Limestone-karst ecosystems, in particular, harbor many endemic Cyrtodactylus species, but only one karst-dwelling species is currently recognized from Borneo. This paper adds two additional karst-dwelling Cyrtodactylus species—C. muluensis sp. nov. and C. limajalur sp. nov.—from Sarawak, Malaysia. Cyrtodactylus muluensis sp. nov. is endemic to Gunung Mulu and is distinguished from its congeners by having a precloacal groove, 31–38 ventral scales, a maximum SVL of at least 88 mm, enlarged subcaudals, 19–20 subdigital lamellae, and a banded dorsal body pattern. Cyrtodactylus limajalur sp. nov. is endemic to the Serian region and is distinguished from its congeners by having 33–42 ventral scales, enlarged subcaudals, a precloacal pit, a maximum SVL of at least 94 mm, 5–6 enlarged femoral scales, 19–22 subdigital lamellae, and five distinct bands on the dorsum. Both species are phylogenetically distinct and deeply divergent from all other congeners. The description of two new karst-dwelling species highlights the need to conserve karst habitats and the endemic species they harbor.
On the systematic status of Isopericlimenaeus Marin, 2012 and its type species, Periclimenaeus gorgonidarum (Balss, 1913) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae)
Authors: PARK JIN-HO , GRAVE SAMMY DE , KIM WON
Published: June 2019

The palaemonid genus Isopericlimenaeus is currently comprised of only the type species, Isopericlimenaeus gorgonidarum, with the diagnostic character of the genus being the presence of a molar and fossa structure on both second chelipeds. Periclimenaeus uropodialis is a closely related species, which has either been considered a synonym of I. gorgonidarum or placed as a valid species in the related genus, Periclimenaeus. During fieldwork in the Philippines, Taiwan and Korea, several species of Periclimenaeus and other sponge associated shrimps belonging to the family Palaemonidae were collected, including I. gorgonidarum and P. uropodialis. Based on a morphological and molecular comparison, it is demonstrated that both taxa are conspecific and that Isopericlimenaeus is a junior synonym of Periclimenaeus.
Two new free-living nematode species of the family Xyalidae from the Laizhou Bay of the Bohai Sea, China
Authors: SUN YAN , HUANG YONG , TANG HONGSHUO , ZANG YU , XIAO HUI , TANG XUEXI
Published: June 2019

Two new species of the family Xyalidae from the Laizhou Bay of the Bohai Sea, China are described and illustrated herein. Daptonema papillifera sp. nov. is characterized by relatively small body size, L-shaped spicules with a large cephalate proximal end, triangular gubernaculum with a dorsal apophysis, 5–6 conjoint precloacal cuticularized spines and two ventral papillae located at the middle of the tail. Daptonema papillifera sp. nov. is easily distinguished from the other species in this genus by having 5–6 conjoint precloacal cuticularized spines and two ventral caudal papillae. Pseudosteineria anteramphida sp. nov. is characterized by eight groups of long subcephalic setae located posterior to amphideal fovea, curved slender spicules with cephalate proximal end and tapered distal end, tubular gubernaculum without apophysis, precloacal supplements absent, and a short precloacal seta present. In comparison with its most similar congeneric species, P. ventropapillata Tchesunov, 2000 the new species differs in having smaller body, not jointed cephalic setae, absence of precloacal supplements and absence of gubernacular apophysis.
Recent Changes in Mean and Extreme Temperature and Precipitation in the Western Pacific Islands
Authors: McGree Simon , Herold Nicholas , Alexander Lisa , Schreider Sergei , Kuleshov Yuriy , Ene Elifaleti , Finaulahi Selu , Inape Kasis , Mackenzie Boyd , Malala Hans , Ngari Arona , Prakash Bipendra , Tahani Lloyd
Published: June 2019

Trends in mean and extreme annual and seasonal temperature and precipitation over the 1951–2015 period were calculated for 57 stations in 20 western Pacific Ocean island countries and territories. The extremes indices are those of the World Meteorological Organization Expert Team on Sector-Specific Climate Indices. The purpose of the expert team and indices is to promote the use of globally consistent climate indices to highlight variability and trends in climate extremes that are of particular interest to socioeconomic sectors and to help to characterize the climate sensitivity of various sectors. Prior to the calculation of the monthly means and indices, the data underwent quality control and homogeneity assessment. A rise in mean temperature occurred at most stations, in all seasons, and in both halves of the study period. The temperature indices also showed strong warming, which for the majority was strongest in December–February and weakest in June–August. The absolute and percentile-based indices show the greatest warming at the upper end of the distribution. While changes in precipitation were less consistent and trends were generally weak at most locations, declines in both total and extreme precipitation were found in southwestern French Polynesia and the southern subtropics. There was a decrease in moderate- to high-intensity precipitation events, especially those experienced over multiple days, in southwestern French Polynesia from December to February. Strong drying trends have also been identified in the low- to moderate-extreme indices in the June–August and September–November periods. These negative trends contributed to an increase in the magnitude of meteorological drought in both subregions.
Conflict perceptions across 27 OECD countries: The roles of socioeconomic inequality and collective stratification beliefs
Authors: Hertel Florian R , Schöneck Nadine M
Published: June 2019

Socioeconomic inequality and conflicts regarding distributional issues have resurfaced in many OECD countries over the past three decades. Whereas most research has focused on the objective determinants of perceived social conflicts, we contribute a new facet to this discussion by assessing the relevance of collective stratification beliefs as an independent driver of vertical conflict perceptions. After formulating theoretical positions that give precedence to two factors in explaining the perceptions of social conflicts – objective inequality and the collective stratification belief – we use individual-level data from the 2009 International Social Survey Programme, along with suitable country-level indicators to evaluate both hypotheses. Amid the diverse collective stratification beliefs, we focus on the role of an egalitarian (middle-) class imagery. We are particularly interested in the extent to which such a class imagery can mediate the relationship between socioeconomic inequality and individual conflict perceptions. The results of our multilevel analyses of 27 OECD countries indicate that an egalitarian (middle-) class imagery held by a certain share of a country’s population constitutes a distinct dimension of reality and clearly dominates country-level objective inequality in the explanation of individually perceived social conflicts.
Pediatric Sports- and Recreation-Related Dental Injuries Treated in US Emergency Departments
Authors: Montero Efrain , Kistamgari Sandhya , Chounthirath Thitphalak , Michaels Nichole L. , Zhu Motao , Smith Gary A.
Published: June 2019

This study investigated characteristics and trends associated with sports- and recreation-related dental injuries among children <18 years old treated in US emergency departments using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for 2000 to 2017. There were an estimated 198 787 (95% confidence interval = 162 216-235 358) injuries during the study period, averaging 11 044 injuries annually. The rate of dental injuries per 100 000 US population <18 years old fluctuated during the study, starting at 16.9 in 2000 and ending at 13.9 in 2017. Injuries most commonly occurred among males (69.8%) and children 7 to 12 years old (44.6%). Pediatric sports- and recreation-related dental injuries were most commonly associated with bicycles (28.6%), playground equipment (15.3%), and baseball/softball (12.4%). Although emergency department visits for pediatric sports- and recreation-related dental injuries decreased during the study period overall, sports and recreation remain an important source of preventable dental injury, particularly among children 7 to 12 years old.
Not All At-Risk Boys Have Bad Outcomes: Predictors of Later Life Success
Authors: Craig Jessica M. , Piquero Alex R. , Farrington David P.
Published: June 2019

Scholars have recently identified protective factors that decrease the effects of risk factors on later offending. Others have investigated how offending risk factors affect other life outcomes, such as employment and health. The current study combined these areas to identify protective factors that predicted life success through mid-adulthood. The Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development was used to identify risk-based and interactive protective factors for later life success among males at risk for poor life success. Across three risk conceptualizations, several protective factors were identified that predicted life success in a variety of domains at age 48. This research indicates that early childhood interventions may not only help reduce future offending but also increase the child’s chances of doing well in other life domains.
Victim–Offender Mediation and Reduced Reoffending: Gauging the Self-Selection Bias
Authors: Jonas-van Dijk Jiska , Zebel Sven , Claessen Jacques , Nelen Hans
Published: June 2019

Previous research suggests that participation in victim–offender mediation (VOM) can lower the risk of reoffending. However, no randomized controlled trials have been done to examine this effect of VOM. Given that participation in VOM is voluntary, previous studies likely suffer from self-selection bias. To address this bias, we compared reoffending rates of three different offender groups: offenders who participated in VOM; offenders who were willing to participate, but whose counterpart declined VOM; and offenders unwilling to participate (total N = 1,275). Results replicated that participation in VOM predicts lower reoffending rates and suggested that this effect is not solely due to a self-selection bias. Suggestions are made for future research to examine why VOM causes lower reoffending rates.
Paws for thought? Analysing how prevailing masculinities constrain career progression for UK women veterinary surgeons
Authors: Treanor Lorna , Marlow Susan
Published: June 2019

The structure of veterinary medicine is changing rapidly from that of traditional small privately owned practices to one of corporate franchises, often positioned within retail outlets. Accompanying this trend has been the increasing presence of women, such that they now dominate clinical practice. To what extent are these two issues, increasing feminisation and corporatisation, linked? Since the mid-1990s, corporate providers have largely displaced the traditional self-employed practice ownership/partnership model. This has informed a blame discourse whereby feminisation is associated with industry restructuring given women’s alleged preferences for predictable, flexible corporate employment, plus a lack of entrepreneurial ambition towards practice ownership. Drawing upon in-depth semi-structured interviews with women veterinary surgeons and key industry stakeholders, we critically analyse such arguments. We illustrate that diverse notions of corporate masculinity, operating in parallel with the entrepreneurial masculinity of traditional practice, generate this blame discourse and underpin women’s limited progression into self-employed practice ownership. This has implications for the future structure of the profession and the careers of forthcoming generations of veterinary surgeons.
Is There Less Labor Market Exclusion of People With Ill Health in “Flexicurity” Countries? Comparative Evidence From Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, and Belgium
Authors: Heggebø Kristian , Buffel Veerle
Published: June 2019

Higher employment rates among vulnerable groups is an important policy goal; it is therefore vital to examine which social policies, or mix of policies, are best able to incorporate vulnerable groups – such as people with ill health – into the labor market. We examine whether 2 “flexicurity” countries, Denmark and the Netherlands, have less labor market exclusion among people with ill health compared to the neighboring countries of Norway and Belgium. We analyze the 2 country pairs of Denmark–Norway and the Netherlands–Belgium using OLS regressions and propensity score kernel matching of EU-SILC panel data (2010–2013). Both unemployment and disability likelihood is remarkably similar for people with ill health across the 4 countries, despite considerable social policy differences. There are 3 possible explanations for the observed cross-national similarity. First, different social policy combinations could lead toward the same employment outcomes for people with ill health. Second, most policy instruments are located on the supply side, and demand side reasons for the observed “employment penalty” (e.g., employer skepticism/discrimination) are often neglected. Third, it is too demanding to hold (full-time) employment for a sizeable proportion of those who have poor health status.
Language Syncretism and the Expression of Youth Identities in Zimbabwe Urban Grooves Music
Authors: Tivenga Doreen Rumbidzai , Manase Irikidzayi
Published: June 2019

The Zimbabwe urban grooves music is an urban contemporary musical genre that fuses local and global rhythms and beats and is popular with youth. Afro diasporic genres such as Jamaican dancehall and the Euro-American rap and rhythm and blues (R&B) are appropriated by the youthful artists who sing predominantly in local languages (Shona and Ndebele) about the lived Zimbabwean experiences. Despite the dominant vernacular lyrics, there is a significant fusion of the vernacular languages and English language. The artists also employ figures of speech drawn from vernacular proverbs, idioms, and contemporary Zimbabwean experiences as well as global cultural practices. Thus, language syncretism is a notable characteristic feature of urban grooves. The language syncretism also involves “lexical innovation” as musicians resist limitations of formal grammatical rules of both the local Zimbabwean languages and English; hence, there is a prominent use of slang in urban grooves. This article examines the role of language syncretism in urban grooves musical lyrics. The discussion postulates that there is a remarkable interaction between language syncretism in urban grooves music and Zimbabwean youth experiences and identities which are significantly shaped by the intersection between local and global encounters.
Coping with Moral Threat: Moral Judgment amid War on Terror
Authors: Bloom Pazit Ben-Nun , Kimhi Shaul , Fachter Shani , Shamai Michal , Canetti Daphna
Published: June 2019

Moral dilemmas amid war on terrorism include repeated harsh moral choices, which often pose threats to one’s moral image. Given that people strive to view themselves as moral, how do they cope with such morally compromising decisions? We suggest and test two strategies to cope with morally threatening decision-making under in-group moral responsibility amid war on terrorism: (a) trivialization of the moral dilemma and (b) resentment toward the target. Four experimental studies measured (study 1) and manipulated (studies 2–4) these hypothesized mechanisms, presenting a similar collateral damage dilemma to Israeli Jews in the context of the 2014 Gaza conflict (studies 1 and 2) and to Americans in the context of the US campaign against Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) (studies 3 and 4). Results demonstrate that both trivialization and resentment facilitate harsh moral choices under conditions of moral accountability. Studying the mechanism underlying moral decision-making in conflicts is key to understanding moral injury and the process of moral repair.
In Mobile We Trust: The Effects of Mobile Versus Nonmobile Reviews on Consumer Purchase Intentions
Authors: Grewal Lauren , Stephen Andrew T.
Published: June 2019

In the context of user-generated content (UGC), mobile devices have made it easier for consumers to review products and services in a timely manner. In practice, some UGC sites indicate if a review was posted from a mobile device. For example, TripAdvisor uses a “via mobile” label to denote reviews from mobile devices. However, the extent to which such information affects consumers is unknown. To address this gap, the authors use TripAdvisor data and five experiments to examine how mobile devices influence consumers’ perceptions of online reviews and their purchase intentions. They find that knowing a review was posted from a mobile device can lead consumers to have higher purchase intentions. Interestingly, this is due to a process in which consumers assume mobile reviews are more physically effortful to craft and subsequently equate this greater perceived effort with the credibility of the review.
Age Metastereotypes and the Content of Imagined Interage Conversations
Authors: Fowler Craig , Gasiorek Jessica
Published: June 2019

Study 1 ( n = 475) employed an established experimental technique to investigate whether there were implications of metastereotypes for the communicative nature of interage interactions (IAIs) imagined by participants. Activating positive (rather than negative) metastereotypes indirectly predicted anticipated communicative outcomes of IAIs via positive affect, but only when participants personalized metastereotypes. Effect sizes were smaller than expected on the basis of previous research, however, and a second study was conducted to examine why this might be. Study 2 drew on a sample of 446 participants aged 18 to 30 years and compared the degree to which beliefs that older adults positively stereotyped young adults varied as a function not only of the valence of the metastereotype manipulation but also of how metastereotypes were manipulated. Specifically, the manipulation employed in Study 1 was compared against three alternatives. Results yielded support for the superiority of two of the alternative manipulations.
Memories between Eras: ANFASEP’s Leaders before and after Peru’s Internal Armed Conflict
Authors: Crisóstomo Meza Mercedes
Published: June 2019

During Peru’s internal armed conflict (1980–2000), many women formed associations of relatives of victims to demand truth, justice, and reparations. The Asociación Nacional de Familiares de Secuestrados, Detenidos y Desaparecidos del Perú (National Association of Relatives of the Kidnapped, Detained, and Disappeared of Peru—ANFASEP) was the first of these organizations. Accounts by its leaders of their early lives challenge the stereotypes of them employed in previous studies and point to changes in their senses of identity in the postconflict period. Their memories are part of the development of a self-narrative in which new rationales emerge and they are led to question the validity of the characterization of them as poor, illiterate, dependent women unaware of having rights.

Durante el conflicto armado interno (1980–2000) muchas mujeres formaron asociaciones de familiares de víctimas para demandar verdad, justicia y reparación. En el Perú, ANFASEP fue la primera organización de este tipo. Este artículo presenta narraciones que las presidentas de esta asociación hacen sobre su infancia, matrimonio y maternidad. Por un lado, esto permite cuestionar las caracterizaciones y estereotipos que estudios previos han hecho sobre ellas. Y, por otro lado, aporta elementos teóricos sobre el cambio de sentidos de identidad en el post- conflicto. Desde una perspectiva cualitativa planteo que las memorias que las presidentas de ANFASEP elaboran sobre sus primeros ciclos de vida, recreadas o no, se inscriben en una narración y construcción de un auto-relato entre épocas. En este nuevo contexto, se producen nuevas lógicas de posicionamiento donde sus primeros ciclos de vida se tornan definitorios y desde donde se cuestionan los estereotipos que se han elaborado sobre ellas.
Public value co-creation: A pedagogical approach to preparing future public administrators for collaboration
Authors: Henson Cassandra R
Published: June 2019

As the realm of public service and its relative partnerships (both social and economic) continues to change, so must the leadership charged with managing it. Gone are the days when a single government purview was sufficient for managing public service delivery, focused on preconceived notions of what citizens supposedly want. Public value and the lens of the public service professional must be wide enough to encompass the public–private sector partnerships that foster routine service delivery as well as concepts that help move it forward. A well-rounded public service professional needs a well-rounded educational foundation, creating the ability to operate in any economic sector. In this article, we discuss public value co-creation in the context of public trust, the value-based agenda and participatory governance. We then present findings from the General Social Survey and suggest a pedagogical approach to preparing future public administrators for the public value co-creation process.
Strategic Storytelling: When Narratives Help Versus Hurt the Persuasive Power of Facts
Authors: Krause Rebecca J. , Rucker Derek D.
Published: June 2019

Stories are known to be powerful persuasive devices. Stories can capture attention, evoke emotion, and entrance listeners in a manner that reduces resistance to a message. Given the powerful persuasive potential of stories, one might deduce that it is best to embed one’s facts within a story. In contrast to this perspective, the present research suggests that coupling facts with stories can either enhance or undermine persuasion. Specifically, to understand when facts benefit from the use of stories, this work provides a deeper examination of how counterargument reduction—a common explanation for the unique persuasive capabilities of stories—operates. Across three experiments, evidence is found for when it is more effective to embed facts within a story versus to use facts alone.
Women Can Benefit From Sexual and Physical Valuation in the Context of a Romantic Relationship
Authors: Meltzer Andrea L.
Published: June 2019

Women are frequently valued for their sexuality and physical appearance, and there is theoretical reason to believe that the effects of such valuation depend on the context. A robust body of research demonstrates that such valuation from male strangers harms women’s self-esteem; the current studies, however, tested whether women experience more positive outcomes when such valuation emerges in the context of their romantic relationships. Study 1 used an event-based diary study to demonstrate that when partners (vs. male strangers) draw attention to women’s sexuality and physical appearance, those women report higher appearance esteem and, subsequently, higher self-esteem. Study 2 used data from two independent, longitudinal studies of newlywed couples to demonstrate that partner sexual and physical valuation has positive implications for women’s self-esteem over time. These findings highlight that sexual and physical valuation is not inherently beneficial or harmful; rather, the implications of such valuation depend on the relationship context.
The association of prenatal folate and vitamin B12 levels with postnatal neurodevelopment varies by maternal MTHFR 677C>T genotype
Authors: Gatica-Domínguez Giovanna , Rothenberg Stephen J. , Torres-Sánchez Luisa , Schnaas Lourdes , Stein Aryeh D. , Schmidt Rebecca J. , López-Carrillo Lizbeth
Published: June 2019

Prenatal folate and vitamin B12 status have been linked to child neuropsychological development, but less is known about maternal genetic influences on this association. We conducted an exploratory longitudinal study of 181 mother–child pairs to assess whether maternal MTHFR 677C>T genotype modifies the association between maternal plasma folate and vitamin B12 in the first trimester of pregnancy and child neuropsychological development. Maternal plasma folate and vitamin B12 were determined by radioimmunoassay, and MTHFR 677C>T genotypes by PCR. We evaluated child neuropsychological development at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 month old using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II. We analyzed the data using mixed-effects multivariate linear regression. The MTHFR 677C>T genotype distribution among the mothers was 18.2% CC, 49.8% CT, and 32.0% TT. The Mental Development Index (MDI) was inversely associated with maternal plasma folate among offspring of MTHFR 677CC mothers (β = -2.18 per twofold increase, 95% CI -4.07; -0.30, corrected P value = 0.02); no significant associations were observed among children born to women of other genotypes. The Motor Development Index (PDI) was not significantly associated with maternal plasma folate in any maternal MTHFR 677C>T genotype group, nor were MDI or PDI significantly associated with maternal plasma vitamin B12 in any maternal MTHFR 677C>T genotype group. This study suggests that maternal MTHFR 677CC genotype interacts with first-trimester plasma folate to influence offspring mental development.
Understanding the Surprising and Oversized Use of Ridesourcing Services in Poor Neighborhoods in New York City
Authors: Atkinson-Palombo Carol , Varone Lorenzo , Garrick Norman W.
Published: June 2019

For-hire vehicle trips in the five boroughs of New York City from 2014 to 2017 increased by 82 million annually (46%). This paper describes how factor analysis and cluster analysis were used to create a typology that was applied to quantify how usage patterns have evolved in different types of neighborhood. Having surged 40-fold, ridesourcing trips originating in the outer boroughs now constitute 56% of the overall market. Many of the outer borough neighborhoods in which ridesourcing trips originated are home to minority, relatively low-income populations with low car ownership rates. It is possible that these trips in the outer boroughs are being taken by local residents to fill gaps in mobility services, as these locations are less well-served by public transportation and other for-hire vehicles such as yellow taxis. The surge in ridesourcing trips in the outer boroughs is important for three reasons. First, if ridesourcing is being used to provide desired levels of accessibility by outer borough residents, having this need filled by for-profit entities with notoriously variable pricing structures could have long-term consequences for transportation equity. Second, if the trips represent induced travel, the associated externalities will negatively affect vehicle emissions, greenhouse gas emissions, and transportation safety. Third, local policy makers need to be aware of the dynamics unfolding in the outer boroughs because regulations that have been adopted to reduce congestion currently only apply to trips originating in Manhattan. Moreover, all stakeholders should reassess how disruptive transportation technology companies are regulated with respect to data sharing.