bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre-deployment preparation of military nurses of the South African National Defence Force for participation in peace support operations
Authors: Jumat Jennifer D. , Bezuidenhout Marthie. C. , Neethling Theodor G.
Published: November 2014

Background: South Africa has dedicated itself to participate in peace support operations (PSOs). The concept of ‘jointness’, involving different arms of services, was adopted within the South African National Defence Force, thus involving nurses in PSOs.Problem statement: Combat-readiness being a prerequisite for those involved in PSOs raised questions as to the readiness of forces to participate in these missions. There is a need for specific nursing care during PSOs, but the role and functions of nurses during such operations were not clearly defined; thus their preparation for these missions had very little scientific grounding.Objectives: These were to explore the pre-deployment preparation needs of military professional nurses during PSOs, and to describe the experience of these nurses whilst being deployed.Method: A quantitative exploratory, descriptive and contextual approach was used. Questionnaires were distributed to 99 professional nurses who had deployment experience, and 72 participated (73% response rate). Relevant peace mission concepts are the environment, jointness, behaviour and mission readiness, which served as the conceptual bases for the study.Results: Findings indicated that the nurses were not fully informed of their responsibilities during deployment or the circumstances under which they would have to work and live. Their preparation is not fully integrated with that of the other armed forces, and deficiencies in their training and development were identified which negatively impact on their mission readiness.Conclusion: Recommendations were made in terms of human resource requirements, psychological training, better integration of jointness training, and content of training and development to ensure mission readiness of nurses.
Die koninkryk van God as ’n kontekstueel-paradigmatiese sleutel vir Skrifberoep in die etiek
Authors: Saaiman De Wet
Published: November 2014

In die lig van die Christelike etiek is ’n beroep op die Skrif ’n sine qua non waar standpunte oor etiese vraagstukke ingeneem word. Deur ’n beroep op die Skrif te doen, is die probleem ongelukkig nie sonder meer opgelos nie. Hierdie artikel toon aan dat die begrip koninkryk van God as tema as ’n hermeneutiese vertrekpunt kan dien in die soeke na antwoorde op etiese vraagstukke. Daar word aangedui dat die koninkryk van God ’n noodsaaklike tema is omdat sekere wetsbepalings en kontekstueel bepaalde beginsels en norme in die voortsetting van die gedagte van die koninkryk van God in die Ou en Nuwe Testament ingebed is. Daar is egter ook sekere voorskrifte binne die teokratiese bestel wat vir die volk Israel in hulle spesifieke konteks gegee is wat nie noodwendig direk in die hedendaagse samelewingskonteks kan en mag toegepas word nie. Die boodskap van die Skrif moet dus op ’n verantwoordelike en geldige wyse gekonstateer word en effektief aan die moderne samelewing oorgedra word.The kingdom of God as a contextual paradigmatic key for using Scripture in ethics. The use of Scripture is, in light of Christian ethics, a sine qua non when positions with regard to ethical problems are assumed. A simple interpretation of Scripture does not necessarily settle the problem. This article shows that the concept kingdom of God as a theme can serve as a hermeneutical point of departure in the search for answers to ethical questions. It is shown that the kingdom of God is a necessary theme due to the fact that certain legal stipulations and contextual based principles and norms are embedded in the idea of the kingdom of God in the Old and New Testament. There are also certain prescriptions within the theocratic system of Israel in its specific context that may not and cannot be directly applied to the modern day societal context. The message of the Bible must thus be established in a responsible and valid way, and communicated effectively to modern day society.
Outbreak investigation and control case report of brucellosis: Experience from livestock research centre, Mpwapwa, Tanzania
Authors: Shirima Gabriel M. , Masola Seleman N. , Malangu Obeid N. , Schumaker Brant A.
Published: November 2014

Brucellosis screening was conducted between 2005 and 2010 at the National Livestock Research Institute headquarters, Mpwapwa, Tanzania, following an abortion storm in cattle. The initial screening targeted breeding herds; 483 cattle were screened using the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) followed by the Competitive Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (c-ELISA) as a confirmatory test. The seropositivity on c-ELISA was 28.95% in 2005; it subsequently declined to 6.72%, 1.17%, 0.16% and 0.00% in 2006, 2007, 2009 and 2010, respectively. Brucella seropositivity was not detected in goats. Seropositivity declined following institution of stringent control measures that included: gradual culling of seropositive animals through slaughter; isolation and confinement of pregnant cows close to calving; proper disposal of placentas and aborted foetuses; the use of the S19 vaccine; and restricted introduction of new animals. It was thought that the source of this outbreak was likely to have been from the introduction of infected animals from another farm. Furthermore, humans were found with brucellosis antibodies. Out of 120 people screened, 12 (10%) were confirmed seropositive to brucella antigen exposure by c-ELISA analysis. The majority of the seropositive individuals (80%) were milkers and animal handlers from the farm. Nine individuals had clinical signs suggestive of brucellosis. All cases received medical attention from the district hospital. This achievement in livestock and human health showed that it is possible to control brucellosis in dairy farms, compared to pastoral and agro-pastoral farms, thus providing evidence to adopt these strategies in dairy farms thought to be at risk.
Genetic diversity of Ehrlichia ruminantium strains in Cameroon
Authors: Esemu Seraphine N. , Ndip Roland N. , Ndip Lucy M.
Published: November 2014

In order to investigate the extent of genetic diversity among Ehrlichia ruminantium strains in Cameroon, a partial fragment (800 bp) of the E. ruminantium map1 gene was amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction in 121 of 156 E. ruminantium pCS20-positive DNA samples extracted from ticks and cattle collected from two ranches. Deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing of the map1 gene products indicated the presence of at least 21 genotypes at the nucleotide level and 16 genotypes at the amino acid level circulating within the study sites. Some of the genotypes were identical to Antigua (U50830), Blaaukrans (AF368000) or UmBanein (U50835), whilst the others were new genotypes. Twenty-four representative sequences were deposited in GenBank and given accession numbers JX477663 – JX477674 (for sequences of tick origin) and JX486788 – JX486799 (for sequences of cattle origin). Knowledge of E. ruminantium strain diversity could be important in understanding the epidemiology of heartwater
Exogenous lactate infusion improved neurocognitive function of patients with mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Bisri Tatang , Utomo Billy , Fuadi Iwan
Published: November 2014

Background: Many studies showed a better recovery of cognitive function after administration of exogenous lactate during moderate-severe traumatic brain injury. However, the study evaluating lactate effect on mild traumatic brain injury is still limited. Aims: To evaluate the effect of exogenous lactate on cognitive function in mild traumatic brain injury patients. Settings and Design: Prospective, single blind, randomized controlled study on 60 mild traumatic brain injury patients who were undergoing neurosurgery. Materials and Methods: Subjects were randomly assigned into hyperosmolar sodium lactate (HSL) group or hyperosmolar sodium chloride (HSS) group. Patients in each group received either intravenous infusion of HSL or NaCl 3% at 1.5 ml/KgBW within 15 min before neurosurgery. During the surgery, patients in both groups received maintenance infusion of NaCl 0.9% at 1.5 ml/KgBW/hour. Statistical Analysis: Cognitive function, as assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score at 24 h, 30 and 90 days post-surgery, was analyzed by Anova repeated measures test. Results: The MMSE score improvement was significantly better in HSL group than HSS group (P < 0.001). In HSL group the MMSE score improved from 16.00 (13.75-18.00) at baseline to 21.00 (18.75-22.00); 25.00 (23.75-26.00); 28.00 (27.00-29.00) at 24 h, 30, 90 days post-surgery, respectively. In contrast, in HSS group the MMSE score almost unchanged at 24 h and only slightly increased at 30 and 90 days post-surgery. Conclusions: Hyperosmolar sodium lactate infusion during mild traumatic brain injury improved cognitive function better than sodium chloride 3%.
Knots in lattice homology
Authors: Ozsváth Peter S. , Stipsicz András I. , Szabó Zoltán
Published: November 2014

Assume that

\Gamma _{v_0}

is a tree with vertex set

\mathrm{Vert}(\Gamma _{v_0})=\{ v_0, v_1, \ldots , v_n \}

, and with an integral framing (weight) attached to each vertex except

v_0

. Assume furthermore that the intersection matrix of

G=\Gamma _{v_0}-\{v_0\}

is negative definite. We define a filtration on the chain complex computing the lattice homology of

G

and show how to use this information in computing lattice homology groups of a negative definite graph we get by attaching some framing to

v_0

. As a simple application we produce new families of graphs which have arbitrarily many bad vertices for which the lattice homology groups are isomorphic to the corresponding Heegaard Floer homology groups.
Positively curved Riemannian metrics with logarithmic symmetry rank bounds
Authors: Kennard Lee
Published: November 2014

We prove an obstruction at the level of rational cohomology to the existence of positively curved metrics with large symmetry rank. The symmetry rank bound is logarithmic in the dimension of the manifold. As one application, we provide evidence for a generalized conjecture of H. Hopf, which states that no symmetric space of rank at least two admits a metric with positive curvature. Other applications concern product manifolds, connected sums, and manifolds with nontrivial fundamental group.
Gaussian distribution for the divisor function and Hecke eigenvalues in arithmetic progressions
Authors: Fouvry Étienne , Ganguly Satadal , Kowalski Emmanuel , Michel Philippe
Published: November 2014

We show that, in a restricted range, the divisor function of integers in residue classes modulo a prime follows a Gaussian distribution, and a similar result for Hecke eigenvalues of classical holomorphic cusp forms. Furthermore, we obtain the joint distribution of these arithmetic functions in two related residue classes. These results follow from asymptotic evaluations of the relevant moments, and depend crucially on results on the independence of monodromy groups related to products of Kloosterman sums.
Comparison of Routine Health Management Information System Versus Enhanced Inpatient Malaria Surveillance for Estimating the Burden of Malaria Among Children Admitted to Four Hospitals in Uganda
Authors: Mpimbaza Arthur , Miles Melody , Sserwanga Asadu , Kigozi Ruth , Wanzira Humphrey , Rubahika Denis , Nasr Sussann , Kapella Bryan K. , Yoon Steven S. , Chang Michelle , Yeka Adoke , Staedke Sarah G. , Kamya Moses R. , Dorsey Grant
Published: November 2014

The primary source of malaria surveillance data in Uganda is the Health Management Information System (HMIS), which does not require laboratory confirmation of reported malaria cases. To improve data quality, an enhanced inpatient malaria surveillance system (EIMSS) was implemented with emphasis on malaria testing of all children admitted in select hospitals. Data were compared between the HMIS and the EIMSS at four hospitals over a period of 12 months. After the implementation of the EIMSS, over 96% of admitted children under 5 years of age underwent laboratory testing for malaria. The HMIS significantly overreported the proportion of children under 5 years of age admitted with malaria (average absolute difference = 19%, range = 8–27% across the four hospitals) compared with the EIMSS. To improve the quality of the HMIS data for malaria surveillance, the National Malaria Control Program should, in addition to increasing malaria testing rates, focus on linking laboratory test results to reported malaria cases.
Climate intercomparison of GPS radio occultation, RS90/92 radiosondes and GRUAN over 2002 to 2013
Authors: Ladstädter F. , Steiner A. K. , Schwärz M. , Kirchengast G.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Observations from the GPS radio occultation (GPSRO) satellite technique and from the newly established GCOS Reference Upper Air Network (GRUAN) are both candidates to serve as reference observations in the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS). Such reference observations are key to decrease existing uncertainties in upper-air climate research. There are now more than 12 years of data available from GPSRO, with the recognized properties high accuracy, global coverage, high vertical resolution, and long-term stability. These properties make GPSRO a suitable choice for comparison studies with other upper-air observational systems. The GRUAN network consists of reference radiosonde ground stations (16 at present), which adhere to the GCOS climate monitoring principles. In this study, we intercompare GPSRO temperature and humidity profiles and Vaisala RS90/92 data from the "standard" global radiosonde network over the whole 2002 to 2013 time frame. Additionally, we include the first years of GRUAN data (using Vaisala RS92), available since 2009. GPSRO profiles which occur within 3 h and 300 km of radiosonde launches are used. Very good agreement is found between all three datasets with temperature differences usually less than 0.2 K. In the stratosphere above 30 hPa, temperature differences are larger but still within 0.5 K. Day/night comparisons with GRUAN data reveal small deviations likely related to a warm bias of the radiosonde data at high altitudes, but also residual errors from the GPSRO retrieval process might play a role. Vaisala RS90/92 specific humidity exhibits a dry bias of up to 40% in the upper troposphere, with a smaller bias at lower altitudes within 15%. GRUAN shows a marked improvement in the bias characteristics, with less than 5% difference to GPSRO up to 300 hPa. GPSRO dry temperature and physical temperature are validated using radiosonde data as reference. We find that GPSRO provides valuable long-term stable reference observations with well-defined error characteristics for climate applications and for anchoring other upper-air measurements.
A skill assessment of the biogeochemical model REcoM2 coupled to the Finite Element Sea Ice–Ocean Model (FESOM 1.3)
Authors: Schourup-Kristensen V. , Sidorenko D. , Wolf-Gladrow D. A. , Völker C.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. In coupled biogeochmical–ocean models, the choice of numerical schemes in the ocean circulation component can have a large influence on the distribution of the biological tracers. Biogeochemical models are traditionally coupled to ocean general circulation models (OGCMs), which are based on dynamical cores employing quasi-regular meshes, and therefore utilize limited spatial resolution in a global setting. An alternative approach is to use an unstructured-mesh ocean model, which allows variable mesh resolution. Here, we present initial results of a coupling between the Finite Element Sea Ice–Ocean Model (FESOM) and the biogeochemical model REcoM2 (Regulated Ecosystem Model 2), with special focus on the Southern Ocean. Surface fields of nutrients, chlorophyll a and net primary production (NPP) were compared to available data sets with a focus on spatial distribution and seasonal cycle. The model produces realistic spatial distributions, especially regarding NPP and chlorophyll a, whereas the iron concentration becomes too low in the Pacific Ocean. The modelled NPP is 32.5 Pg C yr−1 and the export production 6.1 Pg C yr−1, which is lower than satellite-based estimates, mainly due to excessive iron limitation in the Pacific along with too little coastal production. The model performs well in the Southern Ocean, though the assessment here is hindered by the lower availability of observations. The modelled NPP is 3.1 Pg C yr−1 in the Southern Ocean and the export production 1.1 Pg C yr−1. All in all, the combination of a circulation model on an unstructured grid with a biogeochemical–ocean model shows similar performance to other models at non-eddy-permitting resolution. It is well suited for studies of the Southern Ocean, but on the global scale deficiencies in the Pacific Ocean would have to be taken into account.
Assessing downstream flood impacts due to a potential GLOF from Imja Lake in Nepal
Authors: Somos-Valenzuela M. A. , McKinney D. C. , Byers A. C. , Rounce D. R. , Portocarrero C. , Lamsal D.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Glacial-dominated areas pose unique challenges to downstream communities in adapting to recent and continuing global climate change, including increased threats of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) that can increase risk due to flooding of downstream communities and cause substantial impacts on regional social, environmental and economic systems. The Imja glacial lake in Nepal, with potential to generate a GLOF, was studied using a two-dimensional debris flow inundation model in order to evaluate the effectiveness of proposed measures to reduce possible flooding impacts to downstream communities by lowering the lake level. The results indicate that only minor flood impact reduction is achieved in the downstream community of Dingboche with modest (~3 m) lake lowering. Lowering the lake by 10 m shows a significant reduction in inundated area. However, lowering the lake by 20 m almost eliminates all flood impact at Dingboche. Further downstream at Phakding, the impact of the GLOF is significant and similar reductions in inundation are likely as a result of lake lowering.
Deep drivers of mesoscale circulation in the central Rockall Trough
Authors: Sherwin T. J. , Alyenik D. , Dumont E. , Inall M.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Mesoscale variability in the central Rockall Trough between about 56 and 58° N has been investigated using a combination of ship-borne, underwater glider and gridded satellite altimeter measurements. Altimeter observations show that mesoscale features such as eddies and large scale circulation cells are ubiquitous phenomena. They have horizontal length scales of order 100 km with vertical scales of over 1000 m and are associated with mean current speeds (over the upper 1000 m) of 15 ± 7 cm s−1. Monthly area averaged surface Eddy Kinetic Energy (EKE) has substantial inter-annual variability, which at times can dominate a mean seasonal signal that varies from a maximum in May (74 cm2 s−2) to a minimum in October (52 cm2 s−2) and has increased gradually since 1992 at about 1.1 cm2 s−2 per year. A five month glider mission in the Trough showed that much of this energy comes from features that are located over 1000 m below the surface in the deep cold waters of the Trough (possibly from eddies associated the North Atlantic Current). The surface currents from altimeters had similar magnitude to the drift currents averaged over 1000 m from the glider in the stratified autumn, but were half the deep water speed during late winter. Although the mesoscale features move in an apparent random manner they may also be quasi-trapped by submarine topography such as seamounts. Occasionally anti-cyclonic and cyclonic cells combine to cause a coherent westward deflection of the European slope current that warms the Rockall side of the Trough. Such deflections contribute to the inter-annual variability in the observed temperature and salinity that are monitored in the upper 800 m of the Trough. By combining glider and altimeter measurements it is shown that altimeter measurements fail to observe a 15 cm s−1 northward flowing slope current on the eastern side and a small persistent southward current on the western side. There is much to be gained from the synergy between satellite altimetry and in situ glider observations both in the interpretation of their separate data sets and in aiding glider pilots to steer their vehicles through EKE active regions such as the north-east Atlantic.
A meta-analysis of soil biodiversity impacts on the carbon cycle
Authors: de Graaff M.-A. , Adkins J. , Kardol P. , Throop H. L.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Loss of biodiversity can impact ecosystem functioning, such as altering carbon (C) cycling rates. Soils are the largest terrestrial C reservoir, containing more C globally than the biotic and atmospheric pools together. As such, soil C cycling, and the processes controlling it, have the potential to affect atmospheric CO2 concentrations and subsequent climate change. Despite the growing evidence of links between plant diversity and soil C cycling, there is a dearth of information on whether similar relationships exist between biodiversity of soil organisms (microbes and soil fauna) and C cycling. This is despite increasing recognition that soil communities display high levels of both taxonomic and functional diversity and are key drivers of fluxes of C between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we used meta-analysis and regression analysis to quantitatively assess how soil biodiversity affects soil C cycling pools and processes (i.e., soil C respiration, litter decomposition, and plant biomass). We compared the response of pool amd process variables to changes in biodiversity both within and across trophic groups of organisms. Overall, loss of soil diversity significantly reduced soil C respiration (−27.5%) and plant tissue decomposition (−18%), but did not affect above- and belowground plant biomass. Detailed analyses showed that loss of within-group biodiversity significantly reduced soil C respiration, while loss of across-group diversity did not. Decomposition was negatively affected by losses of both within-group and across-group diversity. Further, loss of microbial diversity strongly reduced soil C respiration (−41%). In contrast, plant tissue decomposition was negatively affected by loss of soil faunal diversity, but was unaffected by loss of microbial diversity. Taken together, our findings show that loss of soil biodiversity can strongly affect soil C cycling processes, and highlight the importance of diversity across organismal groups for maintaining full C cycling functionality. However, our understanding of the complex relationships between soil biodiversity and C cycling processes is currently limited by the sheer number of methodological concerns associated with these studies, which can greatly overestimate or underestimate the impact of soil biodiversity on soil C cycling. These limitations present challenges to extrapolation to natural field settings. Future studies should attempt to further elucidate the relative importance of taxonomic diversity vs. functional diversity.
First-year sea ice melt pond fraction estimation from dual-polarisation C-band SAR – Part 1: In situ observations
Authors: Scharien R. K. , Landy J. , Barber D. G.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Understanding the evolution of melt ponds on Arctic sea ice is important for climate model parameterisations, weather forecast models and process studies involving mass, energy and biogeochemical exchanges across the ocean–sea ice–atmosphere interface. A field campaign was conducted in a region of level first-year sea ice (FYI) in the central Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA), during the summer of 2012, to examine the potential for estimating melt pond fraction (fp) from satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR). In this study, 5.5 GHz (C-band) dual co- (HH + VV – horizontal transmit and horizontal receive + vertical transmit and vertical receive) and cross-polarisation (HV + HH – horizontal transmit and vertical receive + horizontal transmit and horizontal receive) radar scatterometer measurements of melt-pond-covered FYI are combined with ice and pond properties to analyse the effects of in situ physical and morphological changes on backscatter parameters. Surface roughness statistics of ice and ponds are characterised and compared to the validity domains of the Bragg and integral equation model (IEM) scattering models. Experimental and model results are used to outline the potential and limitations of the co-polarisation ratio (VV / HH) for retrieving melt pond information, including fp, at large incidence angles (≥35°). Despite high variability in cross-polarisation ratio (HV / HH) magnitudes, increases at small incidence angles (<30°) are attributed to the formation of ice lids on ponds. Implications of the results for pond information retrievals from satellite C-, L- and P-band SARs are discussed.
Breaking Down “Man”: A Conversation with Avital Ronell
Authors: Davis Diane
Published: November 2014

This interview with Avital Ronell, conducted by Diane Davis, explores a variety of extrahuman relations, demonstrating how the vegetal, the animal, the technological, the divine, and the dead play a significant role in the theory and practice of rhetorical relations.
Divine Cruelty and Rhetorical Violence
Authors: Bernard-Donals Michael
Published: November 2014

This article examines the extent to which the divine marks the extremity of the address that compels us as subjects. If the call of the divine is what makes us subjects, then the subject's relation to the divine is by definition a relation of violence, a violence that simply is constitutive of the human predicament. After tracing out this displacement, I take up the characteristics of the human-divine relation and what that relation looks like in specifically rhetorical terms by examining Caryl Churchill's play Seven Jewish Children, which illustrates the way that humans are structured by their relation to divine violence. I conclude by suggesting that paying closer attention to the human-divine relation allows us to see writing not as a refuge—a field or locus—but as a means of interrupting fields, orthodoxies, methodologies, and identities.
The Race to Fill the Blanks: On (Animal) Testing in Science Fiction
Authors: Rickels Laurence A.
Published: November 2014

In systems of meaning that run on a regular setting, allegory is about filling in the blanks that disclose the “other story.” In the modern setting that Walter Benjamin tracked (back to the seventeenth century), allegory must turn significance out of the blank itself, working the blank as a turning point for drawing the reading onward. The “psy-fi” genre is the hub where bona fide science fictions, documentations of psychosis (memoirs and psychiatric and psychoanalytic studies), and tracts on mass psychology or psychological warfare, meet and cross over toward the evolution of new norms. Is it possible to construe a series of references in works of the “psy-fi” genre to Zeno's paradox of a con-test involving human and animal subjects as allegory of the test situation in which blanks secure the last or new step, which ultimately is taken toward mourning, the final frontier? Yes.
Second Finitude, or the Technics of Address: A Response
Authors: Wolfe Cary
Published: November 2014

This response article argues that the question of “extrahuman relations” obtains on not just one level but two. It is not just a question of our relations to nonhuman forms of life—such as, for example, the embodiment and finitude we share with other beings. It's also a question of a second form of finitude that obtains in our prosthetic subjection to any semiotic system whatsoever that makes possible “our” concepts, “our” recognition and articulation of our “nonhuman relations” in the first place. By examining the bird poems of Wallace Stevens, I demonstrate that with the question of extrahuman relations we are always talking, in other words, not about a thematics but about a technics of address.
Multiple sensitivity phenotype in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome
Authors: Fuoco Michael , Irvine-Bird Karen , Nickel J. Curtis
Published: November 2014

Introduction: Phenotypic differentiation of patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) may improve our understanding of the condition, as well as the development of patient-specific treatment strategies. We identified a distinct subgroup of IC/BPS patients with a multiple sensitivity phenotype.Methods: We defined patients with this IC/BPS associated multiple sensitivity syndrome as having at least 3 confirmed allergies/sensitivities to medications and/or environmental factors and a diagnosis of IC/BPS. These IC/BPS patients identified with a multiple sensitivity phenotype (cases) were compared to age-matched IC/BPS patients with few or no allergies (controls) at a 1:2 ratio. Comparisons were undertaken using standardized case assessment parameters (age, duration of symptoms, medical history, Interstitial Cystitis Symptoms Index [ICSI] and pelvic pain and urinary urgency/frequency [PUF] symptom scores, and urinary, psychosocial, organ specific, infection, neurologic/systemic, tenderness [UPOINT] categorization).Results: The study consisted of 17 cases and 34 age-matched controls; the mean age was 55 and 56 years, respectively. There was statistically more medication and environmental allergies in the cases versus controls. Cases reported more concomitant illnesses (9.6 vs. 6.2, p < 0.001) and number of bodily systems affected (6.0 vs. 3.8, p ≤ 0.001). The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and fibromyalgia was higher in the case group (p = 0.028, p ≤ 0.001, respectively). Additionally, there were more reported psychiatric diseases (p = 0.019), allergic/immune diseases (p = 0.003), and pulmonary diseases (p < 0.001) in the case group. UPOINT classification differed with more patients in the case group being categorized in the psychosocial and neuropathic/systemic domains (p = 0.045, p = 0.007, respectively). Total UPOINT classification (out of 6) was also higher in cases than controls (4.6 vs. 3.2, p = 0.001, respectively).Conclusions: We have characterized a distinct phenotypic group of patients with IC/BPS and multiple sensitivities. The limitations of our study include the retrospective case-control matching design, biases in phenotype definition, single centre patient recruitment, and the lack of follow-up. Nonetheless, the observation of this specific phenotype suggests that further research in this group may help develop targeted therapeutic strategies for patients with a concomitant multiple sensitivity syndrome and IC/BPS.
An unusual cause of terminal hematuria in a child: Eosinophilic cystitis
Authors: Bahat Özdoğan Elif , Tıraş Şükran , Arslansoyu Çamlar Seçil , Imamoğlu Mustafa , Cansu Ayşegül , Özoran Yavuz , Bilen Sevcan
Published: November 2014

Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare inflammatory disease of the bladder; it rarely occurs in children. Patients typically show irritative urination symptoms frequently, with a possible need for urgency, alongside dysuria, gross hematuria, suprapubic pain and painful urination. Sometimes bladder mass accumulation with the possibility of malignancy is also observed. We present an 8-year-old male patient who gained admission for terminal hematuria and discuss the management of eosinophilic cystitis.
Normal families of meromorphic functions with multiple poles
Authors: Li Yuntong
Published: November 2014

Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a family of meromorphic functions defined in a domain $\mathcal{D}$, and $a,\ b$ be two constants such that $a\neq 0,\ \infty$ and $b\neq \infty$. If for each $f\in \mathcal{F}$, all poles of $f(z)$ are of multiplicity at least $3$ in $\mathcal{D}$, and $f'(z)+af^2(z)-b$ has at most 1 zero in $\mathcal{D}$, ignoring multiplicity, then $\mathcal{F}$ is normal in $\mathcal{D}$.
Partially condensing mappings in partially ordered normed linar spaces and applications to functional integral equations
Authors: Dhage Bapurao Chandrabahan
Published: November 2014

In this paper, the author introduces a notion of partially condensing mappings in a partially ordered normed linear space and proves some hybrid fixed point theorems under certain mixed conditions of algebra, analysis and topology. The applications of abstract results presented here are given to some nonlinear functional integral equations for proving the existence as well as global attractivity of the comparable solutions under certain monotonicity conditions. The abstract theory presented here is very much useful to develop the algorithms for the solutions of some nonlinear problems of analysis and allied areas of mathematics. A realization of of our hypotheses is also indicated by a numerical example.
The result of "Gastrovit" preparation influence on bioelectrical activity of rat's stomach
Authors: Lkhamsaizmaa D , Byambajav Ts
Published: November 2014

We determined purposely the "Gastrovit" preparation influence results from Badaan (Bergena crassifolia L.) and Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L) in the bioelectrical activity of rat’s stomach during acetic acid ulcer models of gastric. On the 7th , 14th and 21st days of treatment were compared with healthy plumbing. By take of 50 mg/kg of this preparation there had been increased overall bioelectrical activity of the stomach by 1.78-1.88 (P<0.05), the pulse frequency of the stomach by 1.04-1.29 (P<0.05), and the mean amplitude of the stomach by 1.26-1.44 (P<0.05) is shown that it has a gastro protector activity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2.208 Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.11(2) 2013 pp.13-16
Studies on main characteristics of preparation "Sulfmonzol 5%"
Authors: Enkhtogtokh B , Burenbaatar B
Published: November 2014

Laboratory studies on main characteristics of a new Mongolian preparation Sulfmonzol 5%, which was developed by using albendazole sulfoxide as biologically active principle, demonstrated that length of storage and stability of the drug meet standards of other similar drugs. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2.211 Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.11(2) 2013 pp.27-29
Fruit brown rot disease of apples imported to Mongolia
Authors: Dolgor Z , Undarmaa D
Published: November 2014

Mongolia has imported 3094.8 tones apple from China, 318 tones apple from Russia and 140.8 tones from USA for in average for 2010-2011 and regarding to imported apples, 25% brown rot disease infection, 9.8% apple scab, 1.8% mixed infection of brown rot and scab, 1,8% bacterial spotted disease infection and 10% non-infectious disease symptoms were described within study period.The brown rot of apple fruit is occupied 37-41% in the imported apples from China, 12-19% in the imported apples from USA and 11-29% in the imported apples from Russia, hereof the imported apples from China, the main importer country for apples, has the highest indication on the fruit brown rot disease.According to pathogen identification of apple brown rot disease, which are described as Monilinia fructicola- species that was a cause of the fruit brown rot was widely spread on imported apples. M. fructicola species’s cultural characters are described as follows: tan colourred, dry, course and ringed colony on prune extract agar medium (upper surface of plate), its colony growth 9.9-17mm. Colony shape is margin entire and sporulation was abundant. Its conidial diamensions 6.06-12.29 μm x 4.85-8.2 μm were measured. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2.220 Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.11(2) 2013 pp.68-72
Cost benefit analysis on Dzud-2010 disaster prevention grants programme in Mongolia
Authors: Gonchigsumlaa Ganzorig , Batbold Narantsetseg
Published: November 2014

The Dzud, a climatic disaster which severely affects Mongolian herders, poses the most dangerous natural threat to the country’s rural economy. The negative impacts are loss of livestock (direct impact); human health, unemployment, poverty, migration (indirect impacts). Disaster Prevention Grants Programme funded by United Nations Development Programme to help with herders to reduce future Dzud vulnerability in Dundgobi, Uvurkhangai, Khovd province. This programme is beneficial for the herders on the basis of Cost Benefit Analysis methodology. The net present value of the project is 437.5 thousand dollars in seven years. We suggest that the herders should be prepared for the Dzud by preparing shelters, and hay harvest then these activities would generate more benefits of avoiding disaster damages than the costs. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2.230 Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.11(2) 2013 pp.110-119
Callus and cell suspension culture of Chelidonium majus L
Authors: Otgonpurev S , Altantsetseg Kh , Tsevegsuren N
Published: November 2014

Chelidonium majus L has long history as a being useful for the treatment of many diseases in Asian and European countries. Aim of this study is to cultivate callus and cell suspension culture in vitro using plant phytohormones. The proliferative capacity was tested on shoot and root explants, cultivated on Murashige-Skoog basal medium testing two auxins: 2,4-diclorphenoxiacetic acid (2.4D) and napheteline acetic acid in combination with cytokinine: kinnetine (K). Calluses were developed on MS medium with 0.5 mg/l Kin, 0.5 mg/l IAA from root explants, as well when added with 0.5 mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l Kin from shoot explants. More biomass of cell suspension culture of shoot and root callus was accumulated on MS medium added with 0.1mg/l Kin. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2.238 Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.11(2) 2013 pp.150-154
The formation of impact territories the basins of transboundary River Selenga
Authors: Namzhilova LG
Published: November 2014

We consider the impact territories of a regional system of nature management, which are centers of environmental stress in the Selenga River basin. Their studies involve assessing the pollution of natural environments and aims to develop measures to minimize their impact on the environment that will promote a regional system of ecological optimization of nature (RSPP), in general. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2.239 Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.11(2) 2013 pp.155-158
History of rinderpest control and eradication in Mongolia
Authors: Sodnomdarjaa R , Tserendorj Sh , Bekhochir J
Published: November 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2.242 Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.11(2) 2013 pp.172-190
A review of similarity between seed bank and standing vegetation under grazing
Authors: Jargalsaikhan Gantuya
Published: November 2014

In recent years, many researchers have stated the importance of above and belowground interactions to better understand succession in plant communities and state and transition dynamics in rangelands. A review indicate that improved knowledge the soil's seed bank is a key element in understanding above and belowground interactions and plant community dynamics in grazed rangelands. The aim was to study current successional theories, with special emphasis on state and transition models to understand rangeland ecosystem dynamics under grazing. I thoroughly reviewed 28 articles published that summarized and provided specific values on similarities between above and belowground communities to identify under grazing across different ecosystem DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2.243 Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.11(2) 2013 pp.191-196
Effectiveness of different removal methods of artificially demineralized dentin
Authors: Ferraz Camila , Thé Patrícia Lima , Mendonça Juliano Sartori , Fernandes Carlos Augusto , Rodrigues Lidiany Karla Azevedo , Yamauti Monica
Published: November 2014

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different mechanical methods for the removal of demineralized dentin. Methods: Healthy human third molars were prepared in such a way that the flat occlusal surfaces of the dentin were exposed and longitudinally sectioned in a vestibular-lingual direction. One section of each tooth was submitted to the pH-cycling model, while the other section was kept intact. The tooth sections were joined, and a single operator performed dentin removal using a steel bur, a hand instrument,or a polymer bur. The tooth’s sections were then separated, and digital images were obtained. The depth of the prepared cavities and the microhardness measurements were checked and analyzed statistically using the Kruskal-Wallis One-Way ANOVA in Ranks, the Tukey test, while desmineralized dentin were compared using the One-Way ANOVA, and the Holm-Sidak method (p < 0.05). Results: The steel bur produced the deepest cavities in mineralized and demineralized dentin. The polymer bur generated the shallowest cavitiesin demineralized dentin. The measurements of microhardness of the deepest surfaces of the cavities prepared in demineralized dentin indicated that the steel bur and hand instrument presented similar values, while those values produced by polymer burs proved to be lower. Conclusion: The effectiveness of the removal of demineralized dentin varied among the three methods used in this study. The polymer bur proved to be the most conservative of the methods used. By contrast, the steel bur and hand instrument showed a similareffectiveness in the removal of dentin, according to the microhardness of the remaining dentin, even though they produced different cavity depths.Uniterms: Tooth demineralization. Dental cavity preparation. Hardness tests.INTRODUCTION Caries is a dynamic process of demineralizationand remineralization that can lead to lesion formation in enamel and dentin. Fusayama, Okuse, Hosoda (1966)1 described two layers of carious dentin: (1)the outer carious dentin (or caries-infected dentin), which is contaminated with bacteria and in which the collagen fibers are degraded and cannot beremineralized; and (2) the inner carious dentin (socalled caries-affected dentin), which is bacteria-free with limited denaturation of the collagen and whichcan be remineralized. The conventional dentistry approach to cariestreatment has been surgery, removing diseased tissue and replacing it with a dental restorative material. This approach was deemed necessary given ourteam’s understanding of the disease process and the limitations of available materials2. Mechanical caries removal traditionally involves the use ofconventional tungsten carbide
A integralidade, a partir do acolhimento, nas práticas de ensino clínico em uma faculdade de Odontologia
Authors: Costa Giselle Cabral da , Sanchez Heriberto Fiuza , Gomes Viviane Elisângela , Ferreira Efigênia Ferreira e , Vargas Andréa Maria Duarte
Published: November 2014

Objetivo: Avaliar o acolhimento na prática assistencial e no projeto pedagógico de um curso de Odontologia. Materiais e métodos: Este estudo foi realizado por metodologia qualitativa, tendo como sujeitos da pesquisa alunos e usuários da instituição, utilizando entrevistas semi-estruturadas, examinadas a partir daanálise do conteúdo. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que o acolhimento está relacionado à disponibilidade de vagas aos usuários, ao relacionamento entre os membros da equipe e em relação à referência e contra referência dos usuários. O acolhimento na prática clínica não apresenta solidez. Conceitos e reflexões acerca do tema permearam os discursos, mas as práticas são principalmente conservadoras e antigas. Conclusão: O acolhimento como atributo da integralidade da atenção ainda é um conceito em construção, uma reflexão que ainda não se concretizou. Observa-se a convivência de elementos a conquistar e alguns já em curso. É necessário que a prática do acolhimento seja objeto de discussão maior na faculdade, teorizando-a e tornando-a uma realidade de modo que todos os segmentos a percebam.Descritores: Educação em Odontologia. Acolhimento. Pesquisa qualitativa.
Maus-tratos na infância e adolescência: conhecimento e atitude de profissionais de saúde
Authors: Massoni Andreza Cristina de Lima Targino , Almeida Maria Aldenize Neves Freitas , Martins Cássio Gadelha , Firmino Ramon Targino , Garcia Ana Flávia Granville-
Published: November 2014

Objetivo: Verificar o conhecimento e as atitudes dos profissionais de saúde cadastrados na equipe da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) e do Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF) do município de Patos, PB, sobre os casos suspeitos de maus-tratos na infância e na adolescência. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo  transversal, realizado com 200 profissionais que responderam a um questionário sobre o tema investigado. Foi realizada estatística descritiva e inferencial, utilizando-se o Teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson e o Teste Exato deFisher (p<0,05). Resultados: A maioria dos profissionais afirmou ter conhecimento sobre a violência contra a criança (85,0%), considerou-se apto a diagnosticar casos de maus-tratos (67,5%), bem como, declarou saberagir diante de um caso suspeito (76,5%), sendo a denúncia ao Conselho Tutelar a conduta mais relatada (49,0%). Os profissionais com ensino superior, quando comparado aos profissionais com até o ensino técnico, apresentaram melhor desempenho no tocante ao conhecimento dos principais sinais de maus-tratos infantis (p=0,001), além de uma conduta mais favorável no que concerne a não omissão em reportar algum caso suspeito (p=0,010). Este mesmo grupo recebeu mais informações sobre os maus-tratos durante a formaçãoprofissional (p=0,010). O interesse em participar de Cursos de Capacitação sobre o tema foi maior por parte daqueles com formação até o ensino técnico (p=0,002). Conclusão: Os profissionais de saúde apresentaram conhecimentos satisfatórios sobre o tema, observando-se um melhor desempenho por parte daqueles com formação superior. Comentários dos participantes denotaram interesse pelo assunto, bem como vontade de capacitar-se sobre o tema. Destaca-se, portanto, a necessidade de uma maior inclusão deste tema na formação dos profissionais, especialmente naqueles com escolaridade até o ensino técnico.Descritores: Conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas em saúde. Maus-tratos infantis.
Avaliação do consumo e custo de produtos de higiene bucal para população de um município no Nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Souza Leilane Micaela Medeiros de , Nóbrega Lorena Marques da , Barbosa Kevan Guilherme Nóbrega , Carneiro Francineide Guimarães , Bento Patrícia Meira , D´Avila Sérgio
Published: November 2014

Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre o custo e o consumo de produtos de higiene bucal para população de um município do Nordeste do Brasil. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado em duas fases: na primeira com uma entrevista sobre os hábitos de higiene bucal e a partir dos resultados obtidos foi realizada uma consulta de preços dos produtos nos estabelecimentos comerciais. A seleção da amostra (n = 422) foi realizada por conglomerados. Os dados foram avaliados por analises estatísticas descritiva e analítica. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes foi do sexo feminino (55%), faixa etária de 18-30 anos (59,7%), renda média familiar de 3-5 salários mínimos (34,3%). Em relação aos produtos que utilizam para realizar higienebucal, (36,7%) relataram a utilização e a associação de escova dental, dentifrício, e fio dental. As variáveis idade, nível de escolaridade e renda apresentaram associação positiva e estatisticamente significativa com avariável produtos de higiene bucal. Conclusão: O uso de produtos de higiene bucal apresenta uma associação significativa com a idade, anos de estudo e renda familiar média. Os custos dos produtos podem servir como uma barreira de acesso ao consumo e a uso pela população.Descritores: Higiene dentária. Dispositivos para o cuidado bucal domiciliar. Custos e análise de custo.