bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NASKAH SAJARAH CIREBON: TRANSLITERASI DAN ANALISIS NILAI MORAL
Authors: Mayang Arum Ai Hayati
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui isi teks dalam naskah Sejarah Cirebon, mengidentifikasi keadaan dan asal-muasal naskah, nyusun transliterasi dan menganalisis nilai moral yang terkandung di dalamnya. Dengan begitu, metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode filologi edisi naskah tunggal, sedangkan analisis strukturnya menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitis. Adapun langkah-langkah yang dilaksanakannya yaitu 1) deskripsi naskah, 2) transliterasi teks, 3) analisis teks. Naskah yang dijadikan bahan penelitian ini ditulis dalam huruf Pegon. Naskah ini merupakan koleksi pribadi almarhum Aki Yahya Permana, dari Panawangan-Ciamis. Bentuknya wawacan, dan ukuran naskahnya adalah 16,5 x 21,5 x 2,5 cm. Dari hasil penelitian ini ditemukan 1) deskripsi naskah sajarah cirebon 2) transliterasi naskah sajarah cirebon 3) ajén moral dina naskah sajarah cirebon. Nilai-nilai moral yang dapat diaplikasikan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, yaitu 1) nilai moral manusia pada Tuhan, 2) nilai moral manusia pada dirinya, 3) nilai moral manusia pada manusia lainnya 4) nilai moral manusia pada alam, 5) nilai moral manusia terhada waktu, 6) nilai moral manusia dalam mencapai kepuasan lahiriah dan batiniah.AbstractThis study was aimed to determine the contents of the text in the Cirebon manuscript history, identify the circumstances and the origin of the text, arrange transliteration and analyze the moral values contained in it. That way, the method used in this study is a single manuscript edition method of philology, while the structure analysis used descriptive-analytical methods. The steps carried out were 1) text description, 2) text transliteration, 3) text analysis. The manuscript was employed as material for this research was written in Pegon's letter. This text is a private collection of the late Aki Yahya Permana, from Panawangan-Ciamis. The script form is wawacan, and its size of is 16.5 cm x 21.5 cm x 2.5 cm. The results of this study found the following results:1) the description Cirebon manuscript history 2) the transliteration of Cirebon manuscript history 3) the moral doctrine and Cirebon manuscript history. Moral values that can be implemented in everyday life, i.e. 1) human moral values to God, 2) human moral values to themselves, 3) human moral values to other humans, 4) human moral values to nature, 5) human moral values to time, 6) human moral values in achieving satisfaction outwardly and inwardly.
RIMA DALAM CERITA PANTUN BUDAK MANDJOR SEBAGAI BAHAN PEMBELAJARAN APRESIASI SASTRA DI SMA
Authors: Rulita Erna Ervilyana
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan jenis dan pola rima yang terdapat dalam cerita pantun serta implikasinya untuk bahan pembelajaran apresiasi sastra di SMA. Metode deskrptif digunakan dalam penelitian ini, data diolah dengan menggunakan tekhnik telaah pustaka. Data rima yang diperoleh dari cerita pantun Budak Mandjor yang dipantunkan oleh Ki Atjeng Tamadipura (Situraja – Sumedang) sejumlah 582 rima dengan frekuensi 1.182 kali. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan 11 jenis rima yang meliputi  purwakanti pangluyu, purwakanti maduswara, purwakanti mindoan kawit, purwakanti laras madya,  purwakanti cakraswara, purwakanti rangkepan, purwakanti laras wekas, purwakanti mindoan wekas, purwakanti margaluyu, purwakanti laras purwa, purwakanti mindoan kata. Jenis rima yang paling dominan adalah purwakanti pangluyu yang berjumlah 125 dengan frekuensi sebanyak 246 kali (20,81%). Sedangkan pola yang ditemukan dari setiap jenis rima tersebut merupakan pola struktur bahasa yang meliputi konsonan, vokal, suku kata, kata dan frasa. Hasil penelitian ini direkomendasikan untuk bahan pembelajaran aprésiasi sastra di SMA kelas XII. AbstractThis study aimed to describe the types and patterns of rhymes contained in pantun story and their implications for literature appreciation teaching and learning materials in senior high school. This study employed descriptive method, and its data were processed by literature review techniques. The data of rhyme obtained from the story of the Budak Mandjor pantun story sung by Ki Atjeng Tamadipura (Situraja - Sumedang) of total 582 rhymes with a frequency of 1.182 times. This study found 11 types of rhymes which included purwakanti pangluyu, purwakanti maduswara, purwakanti mindoan kawit, purwakanti laras madya, purwakanti cakraswara, purwakanti rangkepan, purwakanti laras wekas, purwakanti mindoan wekas, purwakanti margaluyu, purwakanti laras purwa, purwakanti mindoan kata. The most dominant type of rhyme is purwakanti pangluyu, which totaled 125 and its frequency is 246 times (20.81%). While the pattern type found in each rhyme is a language structure pattern that includes consonants, vowels, syllables, words and phrases. The results of this study are recommended for literary teaching-learning materials in Grade XII Senior High School.
KUALITAS SOAL UJIAN DEPARTEMEN PENDIDIKAN BAHASA DAERAH FPBS UPI TAHUN AKADEMIK 2016/2017
Authors: Nugraha Haris Santosa
Published: March 2019

Penelitian  ini dilatarbelakangi dari belum disusunnya tolak ukur penyusunan alat evaluasi mata kuliah berdasarkan uji kelayakan soal-soal ujian di Departemen Pendidikan Bahasa Daerah FPBS UPI. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kualitas soal ujian mata kuliah Departemen Pendidikan Bahasa Daerah FPBS UPI tahun akademik 2016/2017 di yang dikaji berdasarkan uji validitas, reliabilitas, tingkat kesukaran, dan daya beda sebagai dasar penentuan kelayakan soal-soal ujian. Penelitian ini didesain menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif-analisis. Sumber data diabil secara purposive pada soal-soal mata kuliah kategori pembelajaran, kebahasaan, kesastraan, dan kebudayaan yang menggunakan jenis soal pilihan ganda dengan jumlah 160 item soal. Teknik yang digunakan dalam mengumpulkan data yaitu teknik studi dokumentasi. Teknik pengolahan data dilakukan dengan cara kompilasi, tabulasi, skoring, dan interpretasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah, 1) tingkat validitas soal yang diuji sebanyak 59% valid serta 41% sisanya tidak valid; 2) tingkat reliabilitas soal yang diuji berada dalam kategori sedang; 3) tingkat kesukaran soal 58% sedang, 20% mudah, 14% sukar, 7% sangat mudah, dan 2% sisanya sangat sukar; 4) daya pembeda soal 43% cukup baik, 39% buruk, 10% baik, 6% sangat buruk, dan 2 % sisanya sangat baik; serta 5) tingkat kelayakan soal ujian yang dianalisis yakni 67% layak, 12% harus direvisi, dan 21% harus diganti. AbstractThis research was motivated by the fact that the benchmarking for subjects evaluation device has not been compiled based on test item feasibility in the Sundanese Education Department of FPBS UPI. The purpose of this study was to describe the quality of test items in the Department of Sundanese Language Education FPBS UPI in 2016/2017 academic year, which were examined based on tests of validity, reliability, level of difficulty, and power of the different on the basis for determining the feasibility of exam question items. This study employed a quantitative approach with descriptive-analysis methods. Data sources were chosen purposively on test items of learning, language, literature, and culture subjects’ categories and used multiple-choice question type consisted of 160 exam question items. The technique used in collecting the data was document study technique. Data processing techniques were done by compiling, tabulating, scoring, and interpreting. The results of this study were:1) questions validity is 59% and the remaining 41% is not valid; 2) the questions reliability is mediocre; 3) question level of difficulty are distributed as it follows: 58% is moderate, 20% is easy, 14% is difficult, 7% is very easy, and the remaining 2% is very difficult; 4) the differentiating question 43% is good enough, 39% is poor, 10% is good, 6% is very poor, and the remaining 2% is very good; and 5) the question items feasibility split in 67% is feasible, 12% must be revised, and 21% must be replaced.
TRADISI MOTONG MUNGGEL DI KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA UNTUK BAHAN PEMBELAJARAN MEMBACA ARTIKEL DI SMA
Authors: Ramdhani Mu’min Ishak
Published: March 2019

Latar belakang dari penelitian ini adalah kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat pada tradisi motong munggel, baik itu masyarakat Kabupaten Tasikmalaya secara khusus ataupun masyarakat Jawa Barat secara umumnya. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan mengenai (1) sejarah tradisi motong munggel, (2) langkah-langkah dalam tradisi motong munggel, (3) unsur semiotik dalam tradisi motong munggel, dan (4) bahan ajar membaca artikel tradisi motong munggel. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode kualitatif desktiptif dengan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu pedoman wawancara dan kartu data. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah; pertama, sejarah mengenai tradisi motong munggel, dimana tradisi ini mulai dilaksanakan di Desa Jayamukti kurang lebih sejak tahun 1989; kedua, adanya langkah-langkah dalam tradisi motong munggel terdiri dari tiga bagian yaitu langkah-langkah sebelum, langkah-langkah saat berlangsung, dan langkah-langkah setelah berlangsungnya tradisi motong munggel; ketiga, tanda yang ditemukan dalam tradisi motong munggel berjumlah 23 tanda, yang terdiri atas 14 ikon, indeks sebanyak 6 , dan simbol sebanyak 3; keempat, hasil dari penelitian ini bisa dijadikan sebagai bahan pembelajaran membaca artikel budaya di SMA kelas XII. Tradisi motong munggel merupakan suatu tradisi yang harus dilestarikan. Selain dari memiliki tujuan, nilai-nilai dan tanda-tanda yang memiliki makna bagi kehidupanpun dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan pembelajaran membaca artikel di SMA kelas XII.AbstractThe background of this study was the lack of knowledge on Motong Munggel tradition of Tasikmalaya people in particular and West Java people in general. The purpose of this study was to describe all aspects of Motong Munggel tradition include; (1) the history, (2) the steps (3) the semiotic elements, and (4) reading article teaching and learning materials. The method used in this research was the descriptive qualitative method with observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The instruments used in this study were interview guidelines and data cards. The results of this study are as it follows: first, the history revealed that tradition of Motong Munggel began to be practiced in Jayamukti village since 1989; second, the steps in the Motong Munggel tradition consist of three parts, i.e. the preceding steps, in progress step, and the steps after Motong Munggel performed; third, there were 23 signs found consisted of 14 icons, six indexes, and three symbols; fourth, the results of this study can be used as teaching and learning material for cultural article reading of Grade XII Senior High School students. Motong Munggel is a tradition that has to be preserved. Besides it has meaningful goals, values and signs that have for people life it can also be used as teaching and learning material.
JABAR MASAGI: PENGUATAN KARAKTER BAGI GENERASI MILENIAL BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL
Authors: Suherman Agus
Published: March 2019

Jabar Masagi merupakan salah satu program pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Barat periode 2018 – 2023 dengan oreintasi pada pendidikan karakter. Sasaran program ini terutama generasi muda atau kaum milenial. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif, tulisan ini mengupas landasan program tersebut disertai dengan uraian nilai kearifan lokal yang terkandung di dalamnya. Hasilnya, keterkaitan antara program Jabar Masagi dengan nilai kearifan lokal Sunda di antaranya terlihat dari  rincian program yang sangat erat kaitanya dengan pandangan hidup, moto, dan ungkapan-ungkapan tradisional Sunda. Oleh sebab itu, pencanangan program ini selain merupakan acuan praktis dalam berperilaku, sekaligus merupakan reaktualisasi nilai-nilai kesundaan yang telah lama dianut. Melalui program gerakan yang dimotori oleh pemerintah daerah, semangat pemahaman dan pengamalan kembali terhadap nilai-nilai kesundaan dapat digelorakan secara semarak dan lebih kontekstual. AbstractJabar Masagi is one of the government programs of West Java Province for the period 2018 - 2023 with a focus on character education. The target of this program is mainly the younger generation or millennials. By using descriptive methods, this paper examines the basis of the program along with a description of the value of local wisdom contained in it. As a result, the link between the West Java Masagi program and the value of Sundanese local wisdom can be seen from the details of the program that are closely related to the views of life, motto, and traditional Sundanese expressions. Therefore, the declaration of this program is not only a practical reference in behaving, it is also a re-actualization of the values of delay that have long been adopted. Through a movement program driven by the local government, the spirit of understanding and re-applying to the values of delay can be raised in a lively and more contextual manner.
CITRA DAN STEREOTIP PEREMPUAN SUNDA DALAM NOVEL MARJANAH KARYA S. DJODJOPUSPITO (Kajian Struktural dan Feminisme)
Authors: Nurfajriani Tsany
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: (1) struktur cerita dalam novel Marjanah; dan (2) citra dan stereotip perempuan Sunda dalam novel Marjanah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif analitik dengan menggunakan teknik telaah pustaka dan fokalisator. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah novel Marjanah karya S. Djojopuspito. Hasilnya, terdapat: (1) tema dalam novel Marjanah yaitu tentang kritik sosial terhadap keadaan jenis kelamin (laki-laki dan perempuan) yang tidak saling menghargai. Alurnya berurutan, saling berhubungan antara bagian awal, tengah, dan akhir. Latar dalam novel ini berkisah di perkampungan dan perkotaan, latar waktu yang digunakan lebah banyak waktu faktual. Karakter yang ada dalam novel ini ada 30 nama, sedangkan sifatnya ada yang pintar, kuat, malas, kritis, setia, dll; (2) citra dan stereotip perempuan yang muncul dari novel ini adalah tokoh perempuan priyayi yang mengenyam pendidikan memiliki citra positif, stereotip baik, pintar, kuat, kritis, dan cerdas. Tokoh perempuan priyyi yang tidak mengenyam pendidikan memiliki citra positif dalam pandangan kaum jelata, tapi negatif dalam pandangan lelaki priyayi. Stereotip dalam pandangan rakyat jelata, perempuan priyayi baik, pintar, dan tinggi derajatnya, tapi dalam pandangan lelaki priyayi, lemah, hanya untuk kebutuhan seks, hanya untuk mengurus urusan rumah tangga. Tokoh perempuan jelata yang tidak mengenyam pendidika citranya negatif, stereotipnya lemah, hina derajatnya, dan hanya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan seks. AbstractThis study aims to describe: (1) structure of story and (2) the image and stereotype of Sundanese women in Marjanah Novel. The method used in this study is the descriptive analysis method by using library techniques and focalist method. The data used obtain from Marjanah novel written by S.Djojopuspito. The results found are: (1) Marjanah Novel theme criticize social condition of gender (men and women) who didn’t respect each other. Sequential storyline, each plot connected between the beginning, the middle until the end section. The background of this novel was set in village near countryside, mostly in factual time. The novel has 30 main character names with different characteristic such as smart, forceful, weak, generous, loyal, etc; (2) images and stereotypes of women found the thoughts of educated women have a positive image, good stereotypes, smart, strong, critical, and intelligent. Noble women figure who got positive image respect from common people but disrespected by conglomerate. From common people view, she was smart, kind and has high profile, but in conglomerate view, she was so weak, full of desire, and only house worker. Pauper figure without educational background has negative image which stereotype is weak, vile, and only lust needs.
A CONSTITUCIONALIZAÇÃO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS DAS MULHERES: 30 ANOS DE AVANÇOS FORMAIS E DESAFIOS PERSISTENTES
Authors: Chetto Santos Bianca , Hardt Schreiner Flávia
Published: March 2019

O presente estudo traça o contexto iluminista dos marcos formais de advento dos direitos humanos das mulheres a partir de uma perspectiva feminista, analisando a constitucionalização desses preceitos na Carta Magna de 1988 por intermédio do movimento que ficou conhecido como “lobby do batom”. Neste contexto, objetiva-se analisar as conquistas formais trazidas pela Constituição Federal de 1988 em matéria de direitos humanos para mulheres, bem como pontuar reflexões sobre a efetivação desses direitos na contemporaneidade através da análise das mudanças legislativas posteriores e de dados estatísticos recentes em um ensaio teórico desenvolvido a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica. Questiona-se, ao final, sobre os atuais obstáculos na efetivação desses direitos humanos das mulheres constitucionalizados há 30 anos.
DO SELF-PRESENTATION TACTICS MEDIATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-REGULATORY ORIENTATIONS AND PROBLEMATIC INTERNET USE?
Authors: Doğruyol Burak , Karabağır Ece
Published: March 2019

Problematic Internet use has been
an important topic for researchers. Though, (problematic) Internet use is a
motivated action, underlying motivations are largely unexamined. Therefore, in
the current study, effects of self-regulatory orientations (i.e., promotion and
prevention self-regulatory foci) with the mediating role of self-presentation
tactics on problematic Internet use was examined on 225 university students who
use the Internet mostly for social
network sites (SNSs). Portrait Values Questionnaire was used to determine participants’
self-regulatory orientations (prevention focus and promotion focus).
Self-Presentation Tactics Scale was used to determine the type of mainly used tactics
(defensive and assertive) on SNSs. Problematic Internet Use Scale was used to
determine the consequences of their Internet use. Results revealed that neither
prevention focus, nor promotion focus orientations directly predict problematic Internet use. As expected, defensive
self-presentation tactics mediate the relationship between promotion focus and
problematic Internet use. Therefore, focusing on gains –rather than a loss- on the SNSs leads to more defensive
self-presentation tactics which in turn leads to problematic Internet use.
Comparison of the quality of life of elderly people practicing physical activities and competitive sports games.
Authors: Júnior Valter Mariano dos Santos , Stocco Marieli Ramos , Lourenço Márcia Regina Aversani , Casonatto Juliano , Teixeira Denilson de Castro
Published: March 2019

Background: With increasing life expectancy and decreasing fertility rate the aging population is growing significantly, requiring actions that enable melhoraras health and quality of life of older people. Objective: This study aimed compare the perception of quality of life among elderly participants of a traditional exercise program performed in a Basic Health Units (EF-BHU) with practitioners of competitive sports that participate in the Senior Regional Games (JORI). Methods: The study involved 98 subjects of both sexes, aged over 60 years living in Votuporanga, SP, Brazil. Information have been raised as to the sociodemographic profile, health status, gender, age and quality of life through the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire and WHOQOL-OLD. The numerical variables (age and education) were compared (inter-group) using the test Mann-Whitney. The chi-square test was used to analyze the associations in categorical variables. The “scores” of quality of life questionnaire (numerical) were classified, so that those subjects with levels located at quartile 4 (Q4) were designated “high” and peers located in other quartiles (Q1, Q2 and Q3) designated “low”. For associations “2x2” (physical activity practiced x quality of life) was employed again the chi-square test. Variables with P<0.2 were subjected to the logistic regression model (Univariate) Poisson with robust adjustment of variance. Then, those variables that were statistically significant (P<0.05) in the univariate model, were subjected to the adjusted model. Results: The results indicate that the elderly have JORI median age less than EF-UBS elderly (64 versus 67 years, p <0.01) higher education (10 versus 02 years, p <0.01) and have more positive perceptions related to their housing, income and health. Regarding the quality of life of the JORI elderly have more positive perceptions in various dimensions in relation to EF-UBS elderly). Conclusion: We can conclude that elderly JORI, in general, have more positive perceptions of quality of life in relation to the EF-UBS elderly.
A História das Equações Algébricas no Livro Didático da Educação Básica: Identificando as Abordagens
Authors: Oliveira Francisco Wagner Soares , Pereira Ana Carolina Costa , De Albuquerque Suziê Maria
Published: March 2019

O presente artigo vem efetivar parte das  pretensões em contribuir com o processo de ensino e aprendizagem da Matemática, em especial, ao se trabalhar com o estudo das Equações Algébricas na Educação Básica, tendo como base para a construção de situações de ensino, por parte dos professores, as contribuições da História da Matemática presentes nos livros didáticos. O principal objetivo foi buscar identificar se/e como os tópicos da História da Matemática relativos ao estudo das expressões algébricas são abordados no livro didático da Educação Básica. Para tanto, realiza-se além de uma pesquisa bibliográfica em trabalhos que versam sobre esta área de estudo, uma investigação complementar com a contribuição de uma pesquisa de campo exploratória para a coleta de dados empíricos para o trabalho, a qual foi desenvolvida mediante a análise de livros da Educação Básica. Como achados é possível destacar a verificação da presença de conhecimentos advindos da História da Matemática no livro didático ao se trabalhar com o estudo das Equações Algébricas, sendo que esta incorporação, segundo os pressupostos de Jankvist (2009) ocorre por meio de uma abordagem puramente de iluminação. Assim se conclui  que da forma como é disposto o conhecimento histórico, não se pode assegurar que esta abordagem, por si só, seja suficiente para professores e alunos extraírem da História da Matemática contribuições para o ensino. Palavras-chave: Equações Algébricas. História da Matemática. Ensino de Matemática. AbstractThe present article  carries out  part of its pretensions to contribute to the process of teaching and learning of mathematics, especially when working with the study of Algebraic Equations in basic education, based on the construction of teaching situations by teachers, the contributions of the mathematics history present in the textbooks. The main objective was to identify if / and how the topics of mathematics historyrelated to the study of algebraic expressions are addressed in the basic education textbook. In order to do so, a bibliographical research was also performed in papers that deal with this area of study, a complementary investigation with the contribution of an exploratory field research for the collection of empirical data for the work, which was developed through the analysis of  basic education books. As findings, it is possible to highlight the verification of the presence of knowledge coming from the  mathematics history in the textbook when working with the study of Algebraic Equations, and that incorporation according to the assumptions of Jankvist (2009) occurs through a purely lighting approach. Thus, it is concluded that in the way historical knowledge is arranged, it is not possible to assure that this approach alone is sufficient for teachers and students to extract contributions to mathematics history teaching. Keywords: Algebraic Equations. Mathematics History. Mathematics Teaching.
The Discovery of X-Rays: a Probable Case of Second Order Observation
Authors: Clemente Gonçalves Marco Aurélio , Pinheiro Gonçalves Mariele Regina , Ortiz Pablo Eduardo
Published: March 2019

The discovery of x-rays, one of the most beautiful experiments ever carried out, generates numerous controversies and these, in turn, can trigger a series of counterproductive information regarding not only the History of Science but also the teaching  activity. The aim of this article is to resolve these controversies concerning what ocurred and highlight the important role of the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, highlighting not only his genius but, especially in this case in particular, his condition of second-order observer. It is not uncommon to find information in various media refering to this discovery under the claim that it was the result of a fortuitous event, and this denotes a profound lack of knowledge about the facts or a disrespect for the renowned discoverer. Such allegations about the event depreciate the extraordinary discovery that impacts humanity, from the deed  to the present. Thus, through a brief historical reconstruction, it was tried to present here what had happened judiciously. With this respect, the brilliant scientist is given the status of a second-rate observer, from the philosophical point of view. This condition resonates with the diachronic aspect of the History of Science, according to the perspective presented here, and it is also supported by the time taken by the discoverer from the beginning of his research until the end of it. Keywords: X-Ray. Second-Order Observer. History of Science. ResumoO descobrimento dos raios-x, um dos mais belos experimentos já realizados, gera inúmeras controvérsias e essas, por sua vez, podem desencadear uma série de informações contraproducentes no tangente não só a História da Ciência como também à atividade de ensino. O presente artigo tem como objetivo dirimir tais polêmicas com respeito ao ocorrido e destacar o importante papel do físico alemão Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, destacando não só sua genialidade, mas sobretudo, neste caso em particular, a sua condição de observador de segunda ordem. Não é raro encontrar em diversos meios de comunicação informações com respeito a referida descoberta sob a alegação de que a mesma fora fruto de um caso fortuito e isso denota profundo desconhecimento sobre os fatos, ou então, desrespeito com o renomado descobridor. Tais alegações sobre o sucedido depreciam a descoberta extraordinária que impacta a humanidade, desde o feito até a atualidade. Assim, através de breve reconstrução histórica, buscou-se aqui apresentar o ocorrido criteriosamente. Com este respeito passa-se a atribuir ao brilhante cientista a condição de observador de segunda ordem, do ponto de vista filosófico. Tal condição encontra ressonância no aspecto diacrônico da História da Ciência, segundo a perspectiva aqui apresentada e está amparada, também, pelo tempo empreendido pelo descobridor desde o início de sua pesquisa até a finalização da mesma. Palavras-chave: Raios-x. Observador de Segunda Ordem. História da Ciência.
Caracterização da Aprendizagem da Docência no PIBID – Matemática Por Meio dos Relatos dos Participantes
Authors: Carvalho Diego Fogaça , Pedrochi Júnior Osmar
Published: March 2019

Apresenta-se neste artigo um estudo que tange às compreensões referentes à aprendizagem da docência em Matemática no contexto do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência, por meio de depoimentos de bolsistas que participaram do programa. Os dados analisados foram coletados via entrevistas semiestruturadas, que levaram os participantes a relembrarem a trajetória vivida e a associar às práticas desenvolvidas pelos supervisores, professores da Educação Básica, com o que relatam ter aprendido por meio de suas participações. Utilizou-se como metodologia de análise dos dados as análises textuais em um processo de categorização emergente, conclui-se que a aprendizagem relatada pelos bolsistas se pautou na observação da conduta dos supervisores, seguida por um processo de valoração e de apropriação de condutas avaliadas como positivas.
Percursos Históricos da Escola Primária em Mato Grosso
Authors: De Almeida Laura Isabel Marques Vasconcelos , Pinto Neuza Bertoni
Published: March 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo destacar os elementos da cultura escolar predominantes na Escola Primária mato-grossense, inventariados a partir da legislação e normas no período de expansão escolar em Mato Grosso. O estudo desenvolvido pelo viés histórico se ancora na abordagem da história-cultural e tem como fontes documentais, a legislação e o regulamento que definiram as diretrizes educacionais para a organização do Ensino Primário, levando em consideração os aspectos históricos, políticos e pedagógicos da época. O estudo aponta que apesar dos esforços, as Diretrizes Educacionais do Estado de Mato Grosso (1965) evidenciam a preocupação do Governo e a necessidade de melhoria no processo educativo das Escolas Primárias de Mato Grosso. No entanto, esta melhoria dependeria não apenas de boa vontade política, mas de uma proposta político-pedagógica direcionada ao Ensino Primário e a melhoria das condições de trabalho do professor na educação mato-grossense. Palavras-chave: Escola Primária. Cultura Escolar. Diretrizes Educacionais. AbstractThis article aims to highlight the elements of school culture prevalent in the primary school of Mato Grosso, inventoried from the legislation and norms during the school expansion period in Mato Grosso. The study developed by the historical bias is anchored in the approach of cultural history and has as documentary sources, legislation and regulation that defined the educational guidelines for the organization of primary education, taking into account the historical, political and pedagogical aspects of the time. The study points out that despite the efforts, the Educational Guidelines of the State of Mato Grosso (1965) show the government concern and the need for improvement in the educational process of primary schools in Mato Grosso. However, this improvement would depend not only on political goodwill but on a political-pedagogical proposal aimed at primary education and at improving the teachers’ working conditions in Mato Grosso State's education. Keywords: Primary School. School Culture. Educational Guidelines.
Olhares Acerca do Letramento Digital: Perspectivas da Prática
Authors: Cabral Zuleica Aparecida , Mickalski Mariele A.
Published: March 2019

A chegada das novas tecnologias e o aumento de informações advindos da globalização faz com que haja a necessidade de os indivíduos dominarem as tecnologias que se encontram presentes nas atividades cotidianas, seja no trabalho, na escola, na vida social. Para que isso seja possível, o ensino deve estar voltado para a promoção do letramento digital dos alunos, a fim de que eles saibam dominar e lidar com situações cotidianas, nas quais as novas tecnologias se encontram presentes. Neste norte se busca, neste trabalho, trazer as perspectivas de professores de línguas, atuantes na sala de aula, acerca do letramento digital a partir de uma pesquisa qualitativa. Isso porque se entende a relevância das tecnologias digitais no ambiente educacional, na utilização da leitura e da escrita para a autonomia e construção de saberes dos alunos. Portanto, para que os alunos saiam da escola cidadãos letrados digitalmente e capazes de se incluírem no vasto universo de tecnologias, em que se encontra a  sociedade atualmente, faz-se necessário a inclusão de práticas de letramento digital na escola e na formação de jovens e adultos. Palavras-chave: Letramento Digital. Leitura/Escrita. Ensino de Línguas. AbstractThe arrival of new technologies and the increase of information coming from globalization makes it necessary for individuals to master the technologies that are present in daily activities, either it at work, at school or in social life. For this to be possible,  teaching should be aimed at promoting pupils' digital literacy so that they are able to master and deal with everyday situations in which new technologies are present. Therefore,  in this study it was sought to bring the perspectives of language teachers, acting in the classroom, about digital literacy from a qualitative research. This is because the relevance  is understood of digital technologies in the educational environment, in the use of reading and writing for students' autonomy and knowledge construction. Therefore, in order for students to leave school digitally literate citizens capable of being included in the vast universe of technologies in which our society is today, it is necessary to include digital literacy practices in school and in the training of young people and adults. Keywords: Digital Literacy. Reading/Writing. Language Teaching.
A cross sectional study on adoption of standard precautions among sanitary workers, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Lakshmi Archana , Paul Christina Mary , . Thirunaaukarasu , Jennifer Gladius
Published: March 2019

Background: Hospital waste is a potential reservoir of pathogenic micro-organism and requires appropriate, safe handling. Sanitary workers entail to do waste collection, handling, storage and disposal. Hence they have higher chances of exposure to numerous risk factors. The objective of the study was to assess the adoption of ‘standard precautions’ among sanitary workers pertaining to hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), prevention of needle stick/sharp injuries, handling of soiled linen and finding out the reasons for non-adoption.Methods: A cross sectional study was done in two health care institutions in Chennai and Madurai, Tamil Nadu during January to May 2018. Institutional ethics committee approval was obtained. All sanitary workers willing to participate in the study were included. After getting informed consent, data was collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS 20.0. Mean, frequency and percentages were calculated.Results: Sanitary workers included in the study were 118. The overall hand hygiene was satisfactory among 35.6%. Only 62.7% were using gloves while handling waste. 54(45.8%) had NSI in last one year. Immersing soiled linen in hot water was done only by 15 (12.7%) before washing with disinfectant and autoclaving.Conclusions: The adoption of ‘standard precautions’ among sanitary workers is inadequate due to lack of proper orientation.
ТРАНСАКЦІЙНІ ВИТРАТИ ЯК ФІНАНСОВІ ПЕРЕДУМОВИ ПОЯВИ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ КОНФЛІКТІВ
Authors: Smovzhenko T. S. , Denys O. B.
Published: March 2019

В статті досліджено економічну сутність трансакційних витрат та їх вплив на появу економічних конфліктів. Економічний конфлікт запропоновано трактувати як «результат дій учасників певної угоди, які володіють несумісними інтересами щодо предмету угоди». Визначено, що з позиції трансакційної теорії економічний конфлікт є результатом порушення умов трансакції однією із сторін. Показано, що під час транcакцій при переході прав власності на ресурси від одних економічних агентів до інших та внаслідок необхідності захисту таких прав виникає особлива категорія витрат – трансакційні. Розглянуто підходи до класифікації трансакційних витрат та наведено їх структуру. Запропоновано виділення трьох груп трансакційних витрат: витрати, що виникають до заключення угоди; витрати, що виникають внаслідок реалізації угоди; витрати, що виникають внаслідок порушення умов угоди. Визначено, що трансакційні витрати до обміну визначають кількість укладених угод, а отже й потенційних конфліктів. Зниження цієї категорії витрат дозволяє збільшити кількість угод на ринку і, відповідно, впливати на розвиток економіки загалом чи окремих її сегментів, зокрема. Зростаючі трансакційні витрати, що виникають під час угоди є каталізаторами появи економічних конфліктів. Різке зростання цієї категорії витрат дозволяє прогнозувати появу конфліктів та визначати пріоритетні превентивні заходи. Витрати, що виникають внаслідок порушення умов угоди є фінансовими наслідками конфліктів, які оцінюються втратами пов’язаними із захистом прав власності. Зниження цієї категорії витрат дозволяє зберегти рівень довіри між учасниками угоди. Висвітлено вплив трансакційного середовища на трансакційні витрати та появу економічних конфліктів. До характеристик трансакційного середовища, які визначають неминучість трансакційних витрат віднесено: поведінкові аспекти, правова невизначеність у відносинах, специфічність активів, інформаційна асиметрія та взаємозалежність трансакційних витрат.  Обгрунтовано, що зниження трансакційних витрат можливе за впливу зовнішніх інститутів, які структурують взаємодію між індивідами.
MODELING OF CONTROL OF STABILITY OF COMMUNICATION CHANNELS IN DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT CONDITIONS
Authors: Bezchasnyi O. U. , Khobta V. M. , Pushak Ya. Ya. , Коtkalova-Litvin I. V. , Dorovska I. O.
Published: March 2019

In the management of communications under the conditions of the development of an industrial enterprise, there are continuous violations in communications due to the poor quality of communication channels or due to unexpected changes in the environment with which communication channels can not exist. To solve this problem, a scientific and methodical approach to controlling the stability of communication channels has been developed in the management of the development of an industrial enterprise, which is based on the consideration of the peculiarities of different types of internal and external communication channels and the use of which makes it possible to identify problems in communications in a timely manner and adapt communication channels to changes in external environment or to the features of internal communications. The methods of formalizing the estimation of the stability of communication channels of an industrial enterprise are developed, providing the basis for their correction or for adjusting managerial decisions in case of distortion of the information received through insufficiently stable communication channels. In order to assess the stability of the communication channels, it is proposed to distinguish between internal and external communication channels. In turn, the internal communication channels can be upright and horizontal. Vertical channels combine subdivisions or individual workers at different levels of the hierarchy, and horizontal channels combine subdivisions or employees of an enterprise that are at the same level of the hierarchy. In addition, it is proposed to distinguish between symmetric and asymmetric channels as well as unitary and binary communication channels.Models for estimating stability are developed for each of the proposed communication channel types. An analysis of the stability of communication channels of an industrial enterprise allows them to be adapted to changes in the external environment or characteristics of internal communications.
METHODOLOGY OF AUDIT ESTIMATION OF THE INTERCOMPANY CORPORATE CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors: Dmytrenko I. M.
Published: March 2019

It is substantiated and proposed in the article the methodology of audit assessment system of quality state of intercompany control, its components and the tools of practical use. It is presented the basic parametric model and the corresponding test questionnaire designed to establish the reliability level of the system of internal corporate controls of client-companies and the risk of its inefficiency. The logic of constructing a parametric model for testing: the intercompany corporate control system (ICCS) in the author's representation is to perform the following consecutive steps: to set the direction of testing in accordance with the system approach; to define the evaluation elements of the ICCS; to support the relevant areas of testing; to establish the relationship of certain valuation elements of the system of internal corporate control with the relevant components of the COSO ERM model; to determine the testing parameters of the ICCS as detailed components of the relevant assessment elements, taking into account the risk-oriented nature of the components of the COSO ERM model. It is substantiated that the directions of evaluation (testing) of the intercompany control system in the process of external audit are four aspects of the manifestation and existence of this system: structural, functional, sociopsychological, and informational. The sequence of stages of the assessment of the system of intercompany corporate control is determined by the following logic: determination of the reference state - testing and identification of the actual state of the parameters - identification of the actual level of reliability of the system of intercompany corporate control and its level of risk of inefficiency. The result of the evaluation of ICCS will be a certain amount of points - an integrated sum according to the specific indicators for the relevant parameters, based on their significance and degree of manifestation. The proposed methodological principles and methodology for carrying out an audit of the ICCS provide an indication of the risk of its ineffectiveness for the subsequent determination of the impact on the size of the risk of non-detection of distortions, the nature, timing and volume of external audit procedures.
ПОСИЛЕННЯ РОЛІ ДЕРЖАВИ В ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ МІКРОФІНАНСУВАННЯ ЯК ФАКТОРУ СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ РОЗВИТКУ МАЛОГО ТА СЕРЕДНЬОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА
Authors: Kovalenko M. M. , Amosov O. Y. , Zaitsev Y. O. , Nakisko O. V.
Published: March 2019

Присвячено вивченню ролі держави в організації мікрофінансування, спрямованого на стимулювання розвитку малого i середнього підприємництва. Вивчено зарубіжний досвід використання потенціалу держави відносно регулювання економіки в контексті розширення фінансових можливостей малого i середнього підприємництва. Усі країни, що забезпечили достатній рівень фінансування малого i середнього підприємництва  з боку фінансово-кредитних установ i держави, досягли цього, виключно завдяки системній участі держави в цьому процесі. В Україні темпи становлення інструменту мікрофінансування зовсім не відповідають потребам розвитку національної економіки. Усі види фінансової державної підтримки малого i середнього підприємництва, що містяться в Законі України «Про розвиток та державну підтримку малого і середнього підприємництва в Україні», мали б спиратися на систему заходів у рамках реалізації  грошово-кредитної, бюджетної та фіскальної політики. Але, на жаль, практично всі вони так і залишаються незадіяними в повному обсязі, не були ґрунтовно сплановані та підкріплені всіма необхідними ресурсами. Уряд України мав би більш рішуче заохочувати розвиток мікрофінансових організацій, функціонування котрих забезпечило б підтримку малого i середнього підприємництва, пов’язаного з розвитком визначених напрямів діяльності національного господарства. Велике занепокоєння викликає деструктивна для економіки діяльність Національного банку України відносно здійснення ним грошово-кредитної політики, що призводить до нестабільності гривні, непомірних процентних ставок для представників реального сектору економіки, браку «довгих» грошей. Вищими органами публічної влади ігнорується те, що мікрофінансування забезпечує не лише динамічний розвиток малого та середнього підприємництва, а й може стати дієвим інструментом у справі боротьби з бідністю i підвищенням рівня життя малозабезпечених людей. Подолання наявного в Україні «грошового голоду» має ґрунтуватися на побудові принципово іншої моделі економічної системи, заснованої на повній суб’єктності держави у здійсненні фінансової політики, що пов’язано із заміщенням корпоративного (колоніального, олігархічного тощо) на дійсно народне управління.
ЕКОНОМІКА ЗНАНЬ ЯК ПАРАДИГМА СТАЛОГО СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ЕКОНОМІКИ ТА СУСПІЛЬСТВА
Authors: Novikova M. N. , Borovyk M. V. , Kozureva O. V. , Olkhovska A. B.
Published: March 2019

В статті розглянуто історичні передумови розвитку економіки знань та її впливу на формування концепції сталого розвитку економіки та суспільства як парадигми сучасного розвитку. Досліджено процес зародження та становлення економіки знань як науки, в якій першочергову роль відіграють інформація, та отримані на основі неї знання. Основою такої економіки є створення, розповсюдження та використання знань для забезпечення свого сталого розвитку та забезпечення конкурентоспроможності. Розглянуто сутність концепції постіндустріального суспільства в якій основний пріоритет в економіці перейшов від здебільшого виробництва товарів до надання послуг, проведенню досліджень, організації системи освіти та підвищення якості життя, а також досліджено внесок основних її представників (Ф. Махлуп, Т. Умесао,  М. Порат, Й. Масуд, Р. Катц) у розвиток даної концепції. Відповідно до цієї концепції виробництво, розподіл і споживання інформації розглядається як переважна сфера економічної діяльності суспільства, роль і значення промисловості об’єктивно скорочується. Визначено зміст концепції інформаційного суспільства, згідно якої в суспільство характеризується великим обсягом якісної інформації та різноманітними засобами її розповсюдження та досліджено її вплив на формування концепції економіки знань. Проаналізовано основні етапи становлення економіки знань та вплив теорії людського капіталу та теорії інтелектуального капіталу на формування економіки знань. Розглянуто процес зародження та становлення концепції сталого розвитку суспільства, згідно якого розвиток можливий тільки за умови вирішення економічних, соціальних та екологічних проблем. Розглянуто виникнення поняття «сталий розвиток» та його характеристика.  Визначено основні історичні етапи які вплинули на формування та становлення концепції сталого розвитку економіки та суспільства. Обґрунтовано необхідність дослідження сталого розвитку суб’єктів економічних відносин на засадах економіки знань.
Behavior of the Two-Phase Gas-Liquid Flow at the Inlet of a Catalytic Reactor
Authors: Klenov O. P. , Noskov A. S.
Published: March 2019

The work was aimed at studying the behavior of the two-phase gas-liquid flow at the inlet pipe of a catalytic reactor. Apart from the classical approach using literature flow diagrams, methods of computational hydrodynamics were used for 3D simulation of the space propagation of phases in the pipeline. The results obtained demonstrated non-uniform distribution of the liquid phase through the outlet section of the pipeline and the time-unsteady mass consumption of the liquid phase. The maximal peak consumptions were ca. 3 times as high as the average values. With the data on the flow diagrams, the CFD simulation demonstrated that variations in the gas consumption within the range under study do not cause changes in the behavior of the two-phase flow but an increase in the gas consumption results in smoothening of the non-uniform distribution of the liquid phase at the outlet pipe. The data on the flow behavior are necessary for designing catalytic reactors to provide uniform propagation of the two-phase flow over the catalyst bed, for example, hydrotreatment reactors used in refineries.
Approaches to Production of High-Lipid Biomass of Microalgae and to their Biocatalytic Processing to Biodiesel Fuel: Review
Authors: Piligaev A. V. , Sorokina K. N. , Samoilova Yu. V. , Parmon V. N.
Published: March 2019

Modern research activities in the field of synthesis of biodiesel fuel from microalgae are discussed. The data on most promising microalgae strains producing lipids are presented. The influence of the factors such as the medium composition, temperature, pH and illumination intensity on the lipid accumulation, composition and metabolism of microalgae biomass is estimated. It is shown that wastewater exhibits most promise among the substrates used for microalgae cultivation. Approaches to synthesis of biodiesel fuel from microalgae lipids based on biocatalytic transesterification with various lipases are considered.