bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical study about the effect of bainitic traces on plasticity in ferritic-pearlitic railway wheels
Authors: Zani Nicola , Chaise Thibaut , Ghidini Andrea , Faccoli Michela , Mazzù Angelo
Published: September 2020

Wheel microstructure significantly affects railway wheel performances. Although wheel microstructure traditionally consists of pearlite-ferrite, it is possible to detect some intermediate structures traces, for instance bainite, generated during the thermal treatment process. The difference in mechanical properties between pearlite and bainite causes stress and strain incompatibilities at their interface, and this gives rises to early crack initiation and propagation. This paper aims at investigating the presence of bainitic traces in a ferritic-pearlitic microstructure of a railway wheel through semi-analytical and numerical finite element simulations. The effect of bainitic spot shape, dimension and distribution is studied as well as stress and plastic strain in the proximity of the heterogeneities is analysed. The radius-interaxis ratio parameter, defined as the ratio between the bainitic spots radiuses and the distance between two neighbouring spots centres, is introduced to study the effect of circular-sectioned bainitic spots on the steel plasticity. It is observed that the bainitic traces form regions subjected to overstress and overstrain in the ferritic-pearlitic matrix and that the area of the bainitic spots influences the size of these regions. The bainitic spot distribution is found out to increase further the overstrain in case the radius/interaxis ratio is higher than 0.2, corresponding to about 11% of bainite in the ferritic-pearlitic matrix. Beyond this threshold value, bainite traces can compromise both RCF and wear response.
Influence of asymmetric out-of-roundness coupled with wear of subway wheels on vehicle dynamics
Authors: Zhu Aihua , Li Hongxiao , Yang Jianwei , Li Qiang , Yang Si , Fu Caozheng
Published: September 2020

Out-of-roundness and tread wear are common types of damage to subway wheels, which greatly affect the dynamic performance of subway vehicles. In light of the coupling and asymmetry of out-of-roundness and tread wear found in real-world subway wheels, an analysis method that considers asymmetric out-of-roundness coupled with tread wear was proposed for vehicle dynamics. A vehicle dynamics model featuring asymmetric out-of-roundness coupled with tread wear was used to investigate the influences of asymmetric wheel damage and coupled damage on the dynamic performance of the vehicle system. The vehicle’s dynamic performance was simulated under different conditions, including asymmetric out-of-roundness and symmetric out-of-roundness, uncoupled damage and coupled damage, asymmetric coupled damage and symmetric coupled damage. Then the estimated data was compared against the measured data. The study finds that the vertical wheel/rail contact force, lateral wheel/rail contact force, derailment coefficient and wheel unloading rate increased in the case of asymmetric out-of-roundness. In the presence of coupled damage, the degree of tread wear had a relatively great influence on the lateral wheel/rail contact force, axle lateral force, and derailment coefficient, but had little influence on the vertical contact force. Compared to symmetric coupled damage, asymmetric coupled damage had a greater influence on peak vertical vibration acceleration and stability index, and their values are closer to the measured values in the case of asymmetric coupled damage. This suggests that the dynamics model that considers asymmetric out-of-roundness coupled with tread wear can provide more accurate results as guidance on the maintenance and overhaul of subway wheels.
Impact of varying diastolic pressure fitting technique for the reservoir-wave model on wave intensity analysis
Authors: Pomella Nicola , Rietzschel Ernst R , Segers Patrick , Khir Ashraf William
Published: September 2020

The reservoir-wave model assumes that the measured arterial pressure is made of two components: reservoir and excess. The effect of the reservoir volume should be excluded to quantify the effects of forward and backward traveling waves on blood pressure. Whilst the validity of the reservoir-wave concept is still debated, there is no consensus on the best fitting method for the calculation of the reservoir pressure waveform. Therefore, the aim of this parametric study is to examine the effects of varying the fitting technique on the calculation of reservoir and excess components of pressure and velocity waveforms. Common carotid pressure and flow velocity were measured using applanation tonometry and doppler ultrasound, respectively, in 1037 healthy humans collected randomly from the Asklepios population, aged 35 to 55 years old. Different fitting techniques to the diastolic decay of the measured arterial pressure were used to determine the asymptotic pressure decay, which in turn was used to determine the reservoir pressure waveform. The corresponding wave speed was determined using the PU-loop method, and wave intensity parameters were calculated and compared. Different fitting methods resulted in significant changes in the shape of the reservoir pressure waveform; however, its peak and time integral remained constant in this study. Although peak and integral of excess pressure, velocity components and wave intensity changed significantly with changing the diastolic decay fitting method, wave speed was not substantially modified. We conclude that wave speed, peak reservoir pressure and its time integral are independent of the diastolic pressure decay fitting techniques examined in this study. Therefore, these parameters are considered more reliable diagnostic indicators than excess pressure and velocity which are more sensitive to fitting techniques.
Investigation on design methods for cable mesh configuration of deployable space antenna reflector
Authors: Sheth Dhwanil , Arora Hemant , Joshi Shashikant , Munjal B S , Shah Dhaval B
Published: September 2020

Mesh reflectors are always a preferable option for large size deployable antenna reflector over solid surface reflectors due to their flexibility of adjustment in minimum possible space and ability to get deployed to full configuration in space. Maintaining surface properties and accuracy are two important requirements in the design of the mesh reflector for the performance of cable network antenna reflectors. The present work considers the various design approaches for cable mesh configuration of space deployable antenna reflectors. The equal force density shape forming criteria such is applied for obtaining the desired parabolic curvature of the mesh configuration. The ring structure for the deployable mechanism is considered as rigid linkages for designing mesh configuration. A generalized numbering scheme for nodes and cable mesh link is formulated for carrying forward various shapes forming criteria which help in making an algorithm. The algorithm for a better understanding of these methods is developed using MATLAB with nodal coordinates and its connection. Mesh configuration is developed with a different number of divisions. A study is also carried out for finding the required number of divisions for a highly accurate parabolic profile for a particular band frequency. A demonstration model is developed and a comparison of the coordinates of the prototype is made with those arrived at using the model.
Attitudes of women participating in a clinical trial on point-of-care testing and home testing for STIs
Authors: Chow Karen , Edi Rina , Gin Geneen , Morris Sheldon R
Published: September 2020

Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis infections are a public health concern and cost the United States’ healthcare system 16 billion dollars annually. By minimizing barriers to testing, an increased number of infections can be detected and treated. A home-based point-of-care (POC) sexually transmitted infection (STI) test may reduce personal, structural, social and system-level barriers to STI testing. This study assesses patient preferences and acceptance of home-based POC STI testing. We performed a cross-sectional, single-visit study of women aged 18 years and older at a single site. Women completed an anonymous online survey evaluating interest in POC STI testing, comfort in self-collecting vaginal swabs and participant reaction to a positive STI result. 138 participants completed the anonymous online survey. The survey results indicate high acceptability with self-collection of samples and home POC STI testing. A majority of participants were interested or very interested in a home POC STI device-especially amongst women with a past history of a STI. If receiving a positive test result, participants indicated they would want to have someone to discuss their results with, most preferring to speak with their primary care provider. Women on lower incomes were less comfortable and less interested with home testing. Women are likely to be receptive to home POC STI testing. Adapting to home-based testing will require engagement of primary care providers for management and surveillance of STIs.
Primary syphilis lesion characteristics, serological response and management in HIV-positive and HIV-negative men who have sex with men
Authors: Richardson Daniel , Fitzpatrick Colin , Devlin John , Buss Zoe , Parkes Luke , Williams Deborah
Published: September 2020

The characteristics and serological responses of primary syphilis are not completely understood. We aimed to describe the characteristics, the serological responses and presumptive treatment of primary syphilis in HIV-positive and -negative men who have sex with men (MSM). We conducted a retrospective review of microbiological and demographic information from MSM presenting with primary syphilis. There were 111 cases of primary syphilis in MSM, the median age was 46 (IQR = 37–53years) and 40 (36%) were living with HIV. Fifty percent of MSM presented with painful lesions and 14% with extra-genital lesions. Extra-genital lesions were significantly more likely to be painful than non-genital lesions (OR 4.72; 95%CI = 1.25–17.83, p = 0.02). Overall, a reactive serological response demonstrated a sensitivity of 80% (57/71) compared with Treponema pallidum PCR. Serology was more sensitive in MSM with no previous syphilis (OR = 3.38, 95%CI = 1.00–11.43, p < 0.05). MSM presenting with painless lesions were more likely to be treated presumptively (OR = 3.39, 95%CI = 1.38–8.33, p < 0.002). There were no differences in the characteristics, serological responses or management according to HIV status. Fifty percent of MSM with primary syphilis presented with painful lesions; extra-genital lesions are more likely to be painful than genital lesions, serology is positive in 80% and there were no differences between HIV-positive and -negative MSM. Understanding the characteristics of primary syphilis will underpin public health campaigns.
Information and communication technology skills among library and information science professionals: A predictor of enhanced library services
Authors: Ahmed Shamshad , Sheikh Arslan
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study is to measure the information and communication technology (ICT) skills of library and information science professionals considering it as a predictor of enhanced library services. The study also finds out which ICT skill is the best predictor for better library services. A questionnaire was designed to collect data from librarians at university libraries in Punjab, Pakistan. Four constructs – computer skills, information storage skills, information retrieval skills and online utility software skills – were taken as the independent variables and a construct measuring library performance was taken as the dependent variable. After checking all assumptions, a multiple regression was run to predict the dependent variable from the independent variables. Further, comparison among the independent variables was made to check the level of contribution towards library performance. The regression model shows that the explanatory power of ICT skills for enhanced library services is slightly high, which indicates that a higher level of ICT competency among librarians is important for enhanced library services. Furthermore, the beta coefficient illustrates that the contribution of information retrieval skills towards enhanced library services was relatively high compared with the three other ICT skills. The study concludes that ICT skills are a prerequisite for better library services and the professional development of librarians.
Social participation in science: Perspectives of Spanish civil society organizations
Authors: Llorente Carolina , Revuelta Gema , Carrió Mar
Published: September 2020

There is a general trend toward more active, broader, and more inclusive participation of different stakeholders in science. Civil society organizations’ inclusion in the scientific process is being promoted. However, there are few attempts to understand the role of civil society organizations in research. This study is based on the analysis of 31 semi-structured interviews with Spanish civil society organization managers and representatives. Our main results regarding the current relationship between civil society organizations and the research system are (a) civil society organizations mainly participate in science within one single research moment and they are unaware of their potential. (b) We identify a lack of resources, mutual knowledge (among civil society organizations and academia), and capabilities as barriers for civil society organizations’ participation. (c) There is a need to strengthen links between civil society organizations and research by training in collaborative methodologies and communication skills, promoting participatory research, increasing mutual understanding about the research system and the third sector, and aligning research and civil society organizations’ objectives.
Body Memories as a Neglected Legacy of Human Rights Abuses: Exploring Their Significance for Transitional Justice
Authors: Clark Janine Natalya
Published: September 2020

Memories are a crucial part of transitional justice work. However, consistent with the fact that the field has significantly neglected bodies (except in the sense of what has been done to them), complex body memories that both reside in and spill over from individual bodies have received little attention. This interdisciplinary article aims to address this gap and thus to foreground the fact that bodies tell their own stories. What enhances their storytelling potential in this regard is their relationships and interactions with their wider social ecologies. Fundamentally, body memories have important social dimensions that make them highly relevant to transitional justice. Drawing on qualitative interviews with victims-/survivors of conflict-related sexual violence in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Colombia and Uganda, the article’s core argument is that transitional justice processes should give more attention to body memories and to the potential they offer for developing the field in new embodied directions.
Exploring Township Youth Perceptions: Vulnerable Girls and Their Caregivers in Chatsworth, Durban
Authors: Jagganath Gerelene
Published: September 2020

This article is based on a longitudinal, ethnographic study conducted in 2010, 2011, and 2012 among caregivers of female youth substance abusers in Chatsworth. Together with personnel of the Anti Drug Forum (ADF), the researcher used several qualitative research techniques, including participant observation, interviews, and focus group meetings to compile in-depth case studies of a small sample of vulnerable female youth drug addicts, primarily from the perspective of their caregivers. While the research questions focused on their substance-abuse experiences and challenges, the religious perceptions and spiritual practices of the young women and their caregivers raised several pertinent debates relating to religious identity specific to Chatsworth. The article also draws on a number of studies, news articles, and community discussions to supplement a topic that has been under-researched. For the purposes of this article and the religious affiliation of the sample, a snapshot of youth perceptions on Christianity and Hinduism in the township context will be examined.
Traditional Practices and Human Rights: An Insight on a Traditional Practice in Inchanga Village of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Ngubane Londeka
Published: September 2020

After falling into absolute dereliction in the Zulu community, the traditional practice of virginity inspection made a retaliation some 10 years ago, after the country’s first democratic elections. This study investigates the perceptions and experiences of virginity inspection of female adolescents in Inchanga village, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A focus group interview was conducted with 10 Zulu maidens for qualitative data collection. Proponents of virginity inspection believe that virginity inspection is a traditional practice that can assist in reducing HIV infection and teenage pregnancy among the youth, and in the detection of children who are sexually abused by adults. Opponents of virginity testing, such as several human rights groups in South Africa, as well as the South African Human Rights Commission of virginity inspection, strongly believe that the practice of virginity inspection interferes with human rights and constitutional prescripts that protect the rights to equality, privacy, bodily integrity, and sexual autonomy of young women. The study found that the participants have only positive experiences of the practice of virginity inspection, and the only negative experiences they encounter are negative responses from community members who do not support the practice. The findings also confirmed that virginity inspection is being done irrespective of different opinions from different scholars and experts on the subject, and most of the time, the age of the children is not considered.
Spatial Structures and Trends of Cities in Europe and Asia:  A Joint Methodological Approach Based on the Global Human Settlement Layer
Authors: Kundu Debolina , Mueller Andre , Schmidt-Seiwert Volker , Binot Regine , Kiel Lukas , Pandey Arvind
Published: September 2020

Human civilization reached a milestone in the first decade of the 21st century, when the global urban population became higher than rural for the first time. However, the process of urbanisation is not uniform across the globe, and striking differences exist in the spatial structure and trends of urbanisation in developed and developing regions because of varying rates of demographic and economic growth. The success of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) depends on addressing urbanisation challenges with comparative knowledge of the spatial structure and growth pattern of the cities across regions. In this context, the present study examines the spatial structures and urbanisation trends of cities in Asia and Europe through standardised data and visualisation, with particular reference to India and Germany. The results show that ‘shrinking cities’ are more common in Europe and particularly in Germany. In contrast, Indian cities have registered an overall increase in population of cities, although at a slower growth rate. Also, the rate of growth of the built-up areas is relatively higher in India than Europe. However, both these geographies are experiencing higher growth of built-up areas as compared to population. A detailed analysis of the built-up areas in select cities of Europe and India in different time-periods reveals the cities’ growth pattern to be aligned with transport routes. The study concludes that developing a common methodological approach to study the spatial structures and trends of different geographies is a crucial prerequisite for achieving the goals set under SDGs and the New Urban Agenda.
A novel GNAS-mutated human induced pluripotent stem cell model for understanding GNAS-mutated tumors
Authors: Watanabe Katsuhito , Nakamura Takashi , Onodera Shoko , Saito Akiko , Shibahara Takahiko , Azuma Toshifumi
Published: September 2020

A missense mutation of the guanine nucleotide binding protein alpha stimulating activity polypeptide 1 ( GNAS) gene, typically Arg201Cys or Arg201His (R201H/R201C), leads to constitutive activation of the Gsα-cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling pathway that causes several diseases. However, no germline mutations of GNAS have been identified to date, likely due to their lethality, and no robust human cell models have been generated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to generate GNAS-mutated disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells as a model for these diseases. We then analyzed the functionality of this induced pluripotent stem cell model and differentiated epithelial cells. We generated disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells by introducing a mutation in GNAS with the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) nickase method, which has lower off-target effects than the conventional CRISPR/Cas9 method. We designed the target vector to contain the R201H mutation in GNAS, which was transfected into human control induced pluripotent stem cells (Nips-B2) by electroporation. We confirmed the establishment of GNASR201H -mutated ( GNASR201H/+) induced pluripotent stem cells that exhibited a pluripotent stem cell phenotype. We analyzed the effect of the mutation on cAMP production, and further generated teratomas for immunohistochemical analysis of the luminal epithelial structure. GNAS-mutated induced pluripotent stem cells showed significantly higher levels of intracellular cAMP, which remained elevated state for a long time upon hormonal stimulation with parathyroid hormone or adrenocorticotropic hormone. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that several mucins, including MUC1, 2, and MUC5AC, are expressed in cytokeratin 18 (CK18)-positive epithelial cells. However, we found few CK18-positive cells in mutated induced pluripotent stem cell–derived teratoma tissues, and reduced MUCINs expression in mutated epithelial cells. There was no difference in CDX2 expression; however, mutated epithelial cells were positive for CEA and CA19-9 expression. GNASR201H-mutated induced pluripotent stem cells and GNASR201H-mutated epithelial cells have distinct phenotypic and differentiation characteristics. We successfully established GNASR201H-mutated human induced pluripotent stem cells with increased cAMP production. Considering the differentiation potential of induced pluripotent stem cells, these cells will be useful as a model for elucidating the pathological mechanisms of GNAS-mutated diseases.
African footballers’ wives: “Those paid dollars and pounds, their head is not five!”
Authors: Onwumechili Chuka , Akpan Unwana
Published: September 2020

Marrying a footballer may be perceived as exotic, going by the popularity of footballers, but as some studies note, coping with lives of footballers who migrate frequently is challenging. Life as the wife of an itinerant footballer involves frequent relocations. But most of these studies rarely gain insights from wives; instead, they rely on secondary sources such as their husbands for insights on the wives’ and families’ lives. Nevertheless, the views of these women are important and contribute to a better understanding of their lives and those of their family. This study reports interviews of 17 wives of migrant footballers in Nigeria. The interview participants acknowledge stress in their life but they also tell stories of how they continue to cope with such stress using various modes of interaction with their environment. The socio-cultural environment has its impact on the type of coping strategies that the women choose to use. While the wives increasingly find coping strategies for the footballers’ absences, they also move towards loathing their husband’s work and career.
The dynamics of a planar beating micro-swimmer constructed using functional fluid
Authors: Li Yan-Hom , Chen Shao-Chun
Published: September 2020

The dynamics of a flexible micro-swimmer that contains superparamagnetic beads of different diameter in an oscillating field is studied experimentally. Two types of artificial swimmers are fabricated to determine the flexing characteristics. The effect of key parameters that dominate the motion of the swimmer is determined. The flexibility initially increases linearly with the frequency and reaches a maximum value at a specific frequency. The field intensity has no significant effect on the flexibility when the swimmer is subjected to a higher oscillating frequency. The instantaneous speed of the swimmer increases almost linearly with the flexibility and reaches a maximum value for a swimmer with a specific geometry. On the other hand, the amplitude of the oscillation has a significant effect on swimming effectiveness. The swimmer achieves a maximum instantaneous speed of 1.78 μm/s to 3.16 μm/s when the oscillating amplitude reaches 3.7–4.2 μm. A flexible swimmer with a moderately high amplitude of oscillation generates effective propulsion in an environment with a low Reynolds number of 2.5×10−6–4.5×10−5.
My Personal Journey of Generating Evidence in Social Work Practice for Social Change
Authors: Chan Cecilia Lai Wan
Published: September 2020

This is a reflection of my personal journal of my engagement in research on social worker practice to being out change in society. Through my 40 years of social work practice, I have used touching stories, case studies, pre–post intervention outcome studies, randomized control trials, and eventually moving into using biomarkers as outcome measures on the efficacy of social work intervention.
Feasibility of the Hand in Hand Relationship Intervention for Stroke Survivor–Caregiver Dyads: A Randomized Trial
Authors: McCarthy Michael J. , Sanchez Angelica , Garcia Y. Evie , Lyons Karen S. , Bakas Tamilyn
Published: September 2020

Purpose:

A strong interpersonal relationship after stroke is important for the prevention of depression in survivors and family caregivers. This study aimed to test the feasibility of quality of relationship intervention for stroke dyads called Hand in Hand (HiH).

Methods:

Sixteen dyads were randomized into either the HiH group ( n = 8) or information, support, and referral (ISR) control group ( n = 8). HiH dyads received up to eight sessions, with topics prioritized according to a 17-item screening tool. ISR dyads received up to eight sessions that included information, active listening, and referrals. Feasibility, acceptability, and outcomes data were collected for both groups.

Results:

The HiH and ISR groups were feasible and acceptable. Caregivers in both groups, as well as survivors in the ISR group, experienced improvements in depressive symptoms and other select outcomes.

Conclusions:

Findings suggest that HiH is feasible to implement with stroke dyads and that it merits further refinement and testing.
Measuring Family Resilience: Evaluating the Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire
Authors: Duncan James M. , Garrison Mary Elizabeth , Killian Timothy S.
Published: September 2020

With a continued focus by practitioners, such as marriage and family counselors, behavioral/social scientists, and policy makers, on promoting resilience among families, it is important to ensure that reliable and valid instruments exist to accurately measure resilience. Using a sample of 603 college students from a large, public university in a mid-South U.S. state, this study investigated the measurement of family resilience operationalized by Walsh (the Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire [WFRQ]) based on the three-domain theoretical framework. Item-level analysis was conducted to examine reliability followed by a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine construct validity and confirm the proposed three-factor structure of family resilience. Item-level analysis was examined through individual item mean scores and bivariate correlations, and the CFA was evaluated through examination of model fit and significance of pathways between factors and individual items. Results from the item analysis indicated that individuals reported that the proposed family resilience items characterized how their families rebounded from stressful events. Results from the CFA upheld the theorized three-factor structure comprised of (1) belief systems, (2) organization patterns, and (3) communication/problem-solving. Altogether, these findings demonstrate the suitability of the WFRQ and provide practitioners and scholars alike a more holistic insight into resilience beyond the individual level.
Italian Normative Data for the Original Version of the Tower of London Test: A Bivariate Analysis on Speed and Accuracy Scores
Authors: Bruni Francesca , Toraldo Alessio , Scarpina Federica
Published: September 2020

The Tower of London (ToL) test is traditionally used to assess strategical reasoning, problem-solving, and mental planning in clinical populations. Here, we provide the Italian standardization norms for the original, 12-problem version of the ToL test. The performance of 216 Italian individuals ranging 18 to 89 in age was scored in terms of both Time ( Speed) and Accuracy—the time, and the number of attempts, necessary to find a solution. We performed univariate analyses on separate Time and Accuracy scores, using Age in years, Education in years, and Sex (male vs. female) as predictors. z scores and equivalent scores were provided. Moreover, we performed a bivariate analysis for the assessment of individuals’ performance in terms of Time and Accuracy simultaneously. This standardization allows clinicians to use the original, most widespread version of ToL with the Italian population, thus optimizing comparability with other clinical and experimental research worldwide. Critically, this article offers a new statistical perspective on how Time and Accuracy scores, which are typically related to each other, can be combined to obtain a single, consistent clinical categorization that captures most of the information contained in the patient’s performance.
Prediction of Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) Using a Combination of 4Ts Score and Screening Immune Assays
Authors: Thawani Rajat , Nannapaneni Srikant , Kumar Vivek , Oo Phone , Simon Michael , Huang Anna , Malhotra Ishan , Xu Yiqing
Published: September 2020

Clinical assessment (4Ts) followed by testing for Heparin/platelet factor 4 (HPF4) antibody in intermediate and high risk patients is the standard algorithm of pretest for Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), and the diagnosis is confirmed by serotonin releasing assay (SRA) in those who have positive antibodies. We conducted a retrospective analysis in a cohort of patients treated in a community hospital who had HIT antibody test by either ELISA or a rapid Particle Immunofiltration Assay (PIFA), regardless of their 4Ts scores. Among 224 patients, 17 had HIT. The PPV for those with a 4 T score ≥4 was 10.4%, which misdianosed 3 patients with HIT who tested positive for antibodies. Combining 4 T score ≥4 AND positive HIT antibody showed a PPV of 20.3% and a sensitivity of 70.6%, misdiagnosing 5 HIT patients. Using 4Ts ≥4 OR positive HIT antibody showed 100% sensitivity and 100% negative predictive value (NPV). The ELISA test had 100% sensitivity and 100% NPV, while the PIFA test missed 2 HIT patients, with sensitivity of 60% and NPV of 96.7%. Our results suggest that SRA testing should be conducted if a patient presents with a 4 T score ≥4 OR a positive HIT antibody, and antibody tests should be conducted for every patient suspected of HIT.
Enhancing patients’ understanding of and adherence to oral anticancer medication: Results of a longitudinal pilot intervention
Authors: Lin Mingqian , Hackenyos Douglas , Savidge Nicole , Weidner Ruth Ann , Murphy-Banks Rachel , Fleckner Tara , Parsons Susan K , Rodday Angie Mae
Published: September 2020

Background

Oral anticancer medications (OAM) make administration more convenient for patients, but shifts the responsibility of care from clinical providers to the patients themselves. Following an institutional pilot study showing inadequate understanding and adherence among vulnerable patients taking OAM, a longitudinal intervention was developed using an oncology specialty pharmacist and medication navigators to enhance OAM understanding and adherence.

Methods

Patients initiating OAM were approached for four formalized teaching and check-in sessions, supplemented with medication information sheets and individualized calendars. At each session, participants were assessed on their OAM understanding and adherence using teach-back and validated measures. A study evaluation elicited feedback from participants on the usefulness of the intervention.

Results

Of 80 eligible patients, 58 (72.5%) received formal OAM teaching from the specialty pharmacist. Of those, 54 (93.1%) enrolled in the study with 39 (72%) completing the intervention for final analysis. At study completion, all participants adequately understood OAM taking, but 41.0% had inadequate understanding of OAM handling. Throughout the study, participants reported issues that were addressed by the intervention team (28.2% to 31.6%) as well as those requiring additional assistance from the treatment team (26.3% to 38.5%), Most participants found the intervention to be very beneficial (initial evaluation, 86.5%; final evaluation, 76.9%).

Conclusions

This pilot intervention addressed gaps identified by our institutional assessment through formalized OAM teaching and follow-up. Improved understanding of taking and handling OAM through this subsequent study illustrated the enhanced effect of a multidisciplinary and multicomponent intervention to better educate and support patients on OAM.
Lorlatinib induced proteinuria: A case report
Authors: Lee Chung-Shien , Wanchoo Rimda , Seetharamu Nagashree
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Lorlatinib is an oral anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and C-ros oncogene (ROS1) tyrosine kinase inhibitor with excellent central nervous system (CNS) penetrability. It is currently approved for use as second line therapy for those with ALK positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Given its CNS penetrating effects, lorlatinib has shown to cause CNS adverse events such as seizures, hallucinations, and changes in cognitive function. To our knowledge proteinuria has not been previously described with this medication.

Case Report

We report a case lorlatinib induced proteinuria in a patient receiving lorlatinib as second line treatment for ROS1 rearranged NSCLC. Management & Outcome: The patient’s dose was reduced from 100 mg to 75 mg and further down to to 50 mg daily. At that point the proteinuria improved. Other adverse events attributable to the medication, specifically hallucinations and peripheral neuropathy also improved.

Discussion

Our case demonstrates objective evidence for proteinuria induced by lorlatinib, which may also be dose dependent.
A Sociocultural Theory of Creativity: Bridging the Social, the Material, and the Psychological
Authors: Glăveanu Vlad P.
Published: September 2020

The present article gives an overview of sociocultural approaches to creativity and advances a particular theory of the creative process grounded in the notions of difference, position, perspective, dialogue, and affordance. If sociocultural psychology challenges old dichotomies between mind and body, individual and society, then creativity is ideally placed to demonstrate their interdependence. While sociocultural thinking in creativity research has traditionally emphasized the social or collaborative nature of creative processes, recovering old scholarship and reviewing it in light of current empirical developments shows how socio-materiality can properly inform psychological theory in this area. The article starts with an outline of sociocultural principles before considering their application to creativity. It then formulates four propositions regarding the creative process: (a) differences of perspective increase creative potential; (b) exchanging positions and perspectives, within and between individuals, fosters creative processes; (c) these exchanges result in perspectives that reveal previously unperceived affordances; and (d) oftentimes, it is the affordances of material objects or of unique idea combinations that guide the development of novel perspectives in creative work. Evidence supporting these key hypotheses of the perspective-affordance theory of creativity (PAT) comes from research conducted in a variety of areas within psychology and in related fields. In the end, the methodological and practical implications of considering creativity as a process of recognizing differences, exchanging positions, developing perspectives and discovering affordances will be discussed, as well as the broader implications of building theories that bring together, rather than keep separate, the social, the material, and the psychological.
Article Commentary: Artists Tourists Mand the Elusive Sublime: The Artist as Tourist, Interpreter, and Promoter of Tourism
Authors: LaPage Will
Published: September 2020

Artists have played a major role in promoting and interpreting wild lands to tourists for more than a century and a half. But there is much more to the artist-tourist connection than artistic products and their seemingly infinite ability to persuade us to preserve public lands and to visit them for recreation. The little understood process of creative inspiration, beginning with artists’ need to experience nature and ending with their need to share that experience, reflects parallel needs of tourists.
Visitor Studies in a Political World: Challenges to Evaluation Research
Authors: Loomis Ross J.
Published: September 2020

The evaluation process model consisting of front-end, formative, and summative studies has received fairly wide acceptance among professionals in various kinds of interpretation work. Evaluation can be used throughout the development of exhibits and programs. This acceptance, however, is not as widespread as might be desirable. While some professionals in interpretive settings accept evaluation and incorporate it into routine work, others do not. Misunderstanding about the role of applied social science research is one source of resistance. Misunderstandings can focus around purposes for evaluation, the real world context of applied research, and methods of study. Other barriers include differences in decision-making philosophy, such as the value put on intuitive judgment versus use of rational data-based decisions. A number of political factors can inhibit use of evaluation, including fear of findings that are critical of interpretive work. Fortunately, there are some ways being developed for coping with resistance to evaluation.
An Evaluation of the “Authority of the Resource” Interpretive Technique by Rangers in Eight Wilderness/Backcountry Areas
Authors: George N. Wallace , Gaudry C James
Published: September 2020

The Authority of the Resource Technique (ART) is a multi-pronged interpretive approach for dealing with undesirable visitor behavior in protected areas. Although ART has been used and supported anecdotally by agency personnel since 1991, this study provides the first systematic field evaluation of its use. During the 1998 field season, 25 USFS and NPS wilderness/backcountry rangers from seven areas were given training in the use of ART and asked to make structured journal entries each time they chose to use ART while addressing undesirable visitor behaviors. An elaboration of the theoretical grounding for ART was used to help frame the evaluation. Among the results were findings that rangers using only ART with no law enforcement recorded high levels of verbalized intention to comply, observed compliance, and rated ART contacts as very or moderately effective for more than 75% of those contacts. Contacts rated as “very effective” were likely to include more of the multiple intervention strategies made available by the ART approach. Recommendations are given that could improve the effectiveness of ART and its ability to influence visitor beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and behaviors.
A Phenomenological Analysis of Long-Term Recollections of an Interpretive Program
Authors: Knapp Doug , Yang Li-Ling
Published: September 2020

This study used a phenomenological approach to investigate the recollections of participants of an interpretive experience. Four individuals who participated in an interpretive program during July of 1999 were interviewed in the fall of 2000. Six factors relating to the participants’ memory were identified after the interview data was analyzed and cross-examined. The six factors were novelty, personal significance, speaker qualities, activities that occur during learning, prior knowledge/misconceptions, and visual imagery. Three of these themes related to factors affecting what they paid attention to during the interpretive program. These were identified as novelty, personal significance, and speaker qualities. The three other themes developed from the participants’ responses (activities that occur during learning, prior knowledge/misconceptions and visual imagery) were associated with factors that influence the specific ways in which learners store information in long-term memory. The findings of this small sample may not be generalized, but they do have important implications with regard to the impact of recall of an interpretive experience.
Toward a Theory of Quality in Cruise-Based Interpretive Guiding
Authors: Ham Sam H. , Weiler Betty
Published: September 2020

A case study of cruise-based nature tourists in Alaska and the Galapagos Islands is used to examine the theoretical underpinnings of “quality” in nature-based interpretive guiding. Fixed-response and open-ended questionnaire items were used to examine the prominence of eight dimensions of quality drawn from research on effective interpretation. Results indicate that passengers define quality guides as those who are passionate, insightful, enjoyable, relevant, and easy-to-follow. Corroborating these dimensions of quality were passengers’ open-ended statements about the attributes they associate with an ideal interpretive guide. The findings seem consistent with prior research on interpretation and are grounded in behavioral theory.
Warning Visitors about the Potential Dangers of Dingoes on Fraser Island, Queensland, Australia
Authors: Porter A.L. , Howard J. L.
Published: September 2020

Situations where potentially dangerous animals are habituated to park visitors occur around the world. Interpretation may reduce the risk to visitors in these areas by forewarning them of the dangers of these animals. When interpretation is used in these situations, the message must be disseminated, understood, and acted on by all visitors if it is to be successful. “Be Dingo-Smart” is an interpretive program that warns visitors about the dangers of dingoes (Canis lupus dingo) on Fraser Island (Australia). Our survey of campers to the Island found that different demographic groups of visitors paid attention to, read, or deliberately ignored the different types of media used in the program. When the media was read it increased people's knowledge about dingoes on Fraser Island. This finding suggests that interpreters need to use a range of media targeted to specific groups to overcome the differences in motivations and preferences of visitors when attempting to disseminate essential messages. Additionally when a range of media and messages are used, interpretation needs to be part of an integrated visitor management strategy.
Self, Space, and Interpretive Experience: The Interactionism of Environmental Interpretation
Authors: Archer David , Wearing Stephen
Published: September 2020

In recent years there has been concern expressed for the need to strengthen and broaden the theoretical foundations of interpretation research and practice. Drawing on interactionist theory and sociological and spatial perspectives, the paper seeks to address this concern by proposing an alternative approach to environmental interpretation that moves us towards the construction of a person-centered sociology of interpretation. A central element in this conceptualization involves moving the focus on to the interpretive experience and the interrelation between interpretive spaces, the selves, and “other” as elements of the interpretive experience. It is argued that the current practice of interpretation is increasingly used as a tool more for controlling the behavior of the visitor and their impacts and less as a medium that facilitates and promotes interaction and exchange between the visitor, the host community, and nature. Thus there is a need to re-examine and re-position the concept of environmental interpretation. It is suggested that the approach put forth in this paper can provide interpreters and park agencies with a theoretically expanded and more holistic approach to interpretation practice.
A 20 Years Overview and Prospect of Graduate Interpretive Research in Taiwan: 1984–2003
Authors: Wu Homer C. , Chen Wei-Li Jasmine
Published: September 2020

The year 2004 represents a landmark for interpretive research in Taiwan—it has been 20 years since the completion of the first academic thesis examining the topic of interpretation in 1984. Fifty-six completed masters’ theses signal a boom in resource interpretation research. Within the past two decades, the scope of interpretive research has expanded from general to specific, from resource-based sites to diverse settings, and from a “service orientation” to “management tool orientation”. This analysis of interpretive research in Taiwan attempts to (1) compare and contrast what research topics related to interpretation and guiding have been conducted on “the other side of the world,” (2) understand the range of theories employed in the studies, (3) recognize how interpretation relates and contributes to the development of the leisure and recreation industry in Taiwan, and (4) highlight the potential long-term cumulative effect of interpretation to Taiwanese society as a whole.
The Effect of Thematic Interpretation on a Child's Knowledge of an Interpretive Program
Authors: Tarlton Jennifer L. , Ward Carolyn J.
Published: September 2020

In the field of interpretation, thematic interpretation is a widely accepted technique used to increase knowledge gain from interpretive programs with educational goals and objectives. Although the approach has theoretical grounding in cognitive psychology, social psychology, and persuasive communication, it has not been formally tested in a field interpretive setting. This study addressed this lack of empirical evidence by comparing children's knowledge gained from a thematic versus a non-thematic interpretive program. It also compared type of knowledge gained by evaluating three different levels of learning: recognition, recall, and application. The results supported the use of thematic interpretation and program construction. The thematic group not only showed a significant increase in ability to recall and apply information, but was also three times more likely to identify the theme and main points of the program, when compared with the non-thematic group. No differences between groups were found for the recognition measure. This indicated that thematic interpretation is effective at encouraging higher levels of thinking and learning and highlights the importance of matching correct evaluation measures with learning objectives. Further management and research implications are discussed.