bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A quantitative sequencing method using synthetic internal standards including functional and phylogenetic marker genes
Authors: Koike Kazuyoshi , Honda Ryo , Aoki Masataka , Yamamoto‐Ikemoto Ryoko , Syutsubo Kazuaki , Matsuura Norihisa
Published: July 2023

The method of spiking synthetic internal standard genes (ISGs) to samples for amplicon sequencing, generating sequences and converting absolute gene numbers from read counts has been used only for phylogenetic markers and has not been applied to functional markers. In this study, we developed ISGs, including gene sequences of the 16S rRNA, pmoA, encoding a subunit of particulate methane monooxygenase and amoA, encoding a subunit of ammonia monooxygenase. We added ISGs to the samples, amplified the target genes and performed amplicon sequencing. For the mock community, the copy numbers converted from read counts using ISGs were equivalent to those obtained by the quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (4.0 × 104 versus 4.1 × 104 and 3.0 × 103 versus 4.0 × 103 copies μL‐DNA−1 for 16S rRNA and pmoA genes, respectively), but we also identified underestimation, possibly due to primer coverage (7.8 × 102 versus 3.7 × 103 μL‐DNA−1 for amoA gene). We then applied this method to environmental samples and analysed phylogeny, functional diversity and absolute quantities. One Methylocystis population was most abundant in the sludge samples [16S rRNA gene (3.8 × 109 copies g−1) and the pmoA gene (2.3 × 109 copies g−1)] and were potentially interrelated. This study demonstrates that ISG spiking is useful for evaluating sequencing data processing and quantifying functional markers.
Group‐based exercise interventions for community‐dwelling older people in Southeast Asia: A systematic review
Authors: Bong May Ing Janet , Singh Devinder Kaur Ajit , Tan Maw Pin , Adam Bujang Mohammad , Tiong Ing Khieng , Whitney Julie , Kumar Saravana
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Southeast Asia (SEA) is a rapidly ageing and a diversely populated region that requires strategies to maintain its populations' physical activity and sense of well‐being. While the benefits of group exercise programs are known, the characteristics and types of exercises in terms of their effectiveness for physical function and fidelity of the programs have yet to be defined within this population.

Methods

Ovid, MEDLINE, Scopus, PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database), EBSCOHOST, Cochrane library and Open Grey databases were searched to identify relevant studies. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro Scale and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). Meta‐analysis was undertaken when the same outcome measures were reported in a minimum of two studies with appropriate data. (PROSPERO: CRD42020177317).

Results

Eleven studies with 900 participants were included, out of which 395 participants were allocated to group exercise programs and 383 completed the program. Culturally adapted Thai dance programs and multicomponent exercise programs were the most‐commonly reported group exercises. The Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and attendance rates were the most‐frequently reported outcomes. Meta‐analysis demonstrated significant improvement in physical function assessed using the Timed Up and Go test (Random effect model −1.27 s, 95% CI −1.65, −0.88, I2 = 74%). In two studies, adherence (81% and 94%) and dropout rates (4% and 19%) were reported.

Conclusions

Group‐based exercise programs in Southeast Asia consisting mostly of culturally adapted Thai dance programs and multicomponent exercise programs appear to have positive effects on physical function. However, better descriptions of fidelity, including adherence, are required in future studies.
Impact of antibiotic cured chronic endometritis on perinatal outcomes: Re‐evaluation of a cohort study with a detailed follow‐up
Authors: Zhang Qingyan , Yang Guoxia , Xiong Yujing , Tan Jinfeng , Chen Chunxiao , Gu Fang , Xu Yanwen
Published: July 2023

Problem

The impact of antibiotic‐cured chronic endometritis (CE) on perinatal outcomes of patients conceived with frozen embryo transfer (FET) was unclear.

Method

This study was to re‐evaluate the perinatal outcomes of a cohort of infertile patients who had undergone endometrial biopsy for CE detection from February 2018 to December 2019 and successfully delivered babies after FET. The study population was divided into two groups: the non‐CE (NCE) group (0‐4/HPF CD138) and the cured‐CE (CCE) group (CD138+/HPF≥5 and has been cured after one or two rounds of antibiotic treatment). For subgroup analysis, the NCE group was further divided into subgroup 1 (CD138+/HPF = 0), subgroup 2 (CD138+/HPF = 1‐4 with antibiotic treatment), and subgroup 3 (CD138+/HPF = 1‐4 without antibiotic treatment)

Results

A total of 321 live births, including 210 in the NCE group and 111 in the CCE group were analyzed. The prevalence rates of premature rupture of the membrane and preterm birth were comparable between NCE and CCE (6.2% vs. 7.1% and 10.8% vs. 10.1%, respectively) groups. In addition, no differences were detected in the rates of placenta‐mediated complications, such as preeclampsia, placenta abruption, or low birthweight. Multiple logistic analyses confirmed that CCE was not associated with an increased risk of any adverse perinatal outcomes. Subgroup analysis in NCE failed to find any significant differences in the incidences of obstetrical and neonatal complications.

Conclusions

CCE might not increase the risks of adverse perinatal outcomes after antibiotic treatment.
Higher dietary fibre intake is associated with lower risk of inflammatory bowel disease: prospective cohort study
Authors: Deng Minzi , Dan Lintao , Ye Shuyu , Chen Xuejie , Fu Tian , Wang Xiaoyan , Chen Jie
Published: July 2023

Background

Limited prospective studies that have examined the association of dietary fibre with IBD have provided inconsistent evidence.

Aim

To examine any associations between dietary fibre intake and subsequent incidence of IBD, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study of 470,669 participants from the UK Biobank and estimated dietary fibre intake from a valid food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Incident IBD was ascertained from primary care data and inpatient data. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between dietary fibre intake and the risk of IBD, CD and UC.

Results

During an average follow‐up of 12.1 years, we ascertained 1473 incident IBD cases, including 543 cases of CD and 939 cases of UC. Comparing the lowest quintiles, an inverse association was observed between dietary fibre intake and risk of IBD (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.58–0.93, p = 0.011) and CD (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.32–0.72, p < 0.001), but not UC (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.69–1.24, p = 0.595). For specified sources, dietary fibre intake from fruit and bread decreased the risk of CD, while dietary fibre intake from cereal decreased the risk of UC.

Conclusions

Higher consumption of dietary fibre was associated with a lower risk of IBD and CD, but not UC. Our findings support current recommendations to increase the intake of dietary fibre.
Association between sleep duration, sleep quality, bedtime and myopia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Xing Xing , Liu Xiaotong , Lin Qingxiu , Dong Ping , Wei Ya Bin , Liu Jia Jia
Published: July 2023

Background

We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to investigate the links between different sleep characteristics and risk of myopia.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Wanfang, and CNKI were searched from inception to August 26, 2022, without any language restriction. Cross‐sectional, case–control, or cohort studies that explored the association between sleep duration, sleep quality, bedtime, and myopia were included. NIH quality assessment tools were used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. Random‐effect or fixed‐effect models were used to pool the associations according to whether there is heterogeneity.

Results

A total of 31 studies with 205 907 participants were included in the final analysis (25 studies reporting sleep duration; four studies examining sleep quality and six studies evaluating bedtime). Compared to reference sleep duration, sufficient sleep duration (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.51–0.78) was associated with a lower risk of myopia, and short sleep duration (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.14–2.42) was associated with a higher risk of myopia. In addition, poor sleep quality (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.05–1.47) was associated with a higher risk of myopia while late bedtime (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 0.96–1.75) was not significantly associated with an increased risk of myopia.

Conclusions

Alteration in sleep duration and sleep quality may influence the risk of myopia. Well‐designed cohort studies are needed in future investigations to identify a causal relationship between different sleep characteristics and myopia.
Do the principles of effective development co‐operation improve development outcomes? The case for clearer definitions and measurement
Authors: Gisselquist Rachel M. , Justino Patricia , Vaccaro Andrea
Published: July 2023

Motivation

Elaborated in their current form in Busan in 2011, and reiterated in Geneva in 2022, the four Principles of Effective Development Co‐operation comprise country ownership, focus on results, inclusive partnerships, and transparency and mutual accountability. Framed to guide more effective development assistance, their measurement and impact has not been systematically studied.

Purpose

We ask, what do we know about adherence to the principles and better development outcomes? What can we learn about this relationship using the Global Partnership for Effective Development Co‐operation's (GPEDC) monitoring framework?

Methods and approach

We define and measure adherence to the four principles using the GPEDC framework and indicators. We then explore the association between these indicators and development outcomes (for example, economic growth and poverty) using correlation, descriptive analysis, and analysis of data quality.

Findings

Across countries, the empirical relationship between the currently available GPEDC data and the development outcomes is tenuous at best. Shortcomings in the data explain much of the lack of evidence. Some shortcomings could be easily fixed with adjustments to the indicators and data collection, but many relate to inherent challenges in measuring the four principles.

Policy implications

A more precise definition of indicators of adherence to the principles, with a wider coverage of countries and with annual measurement, would help—not necessarily for their instrumental value, but as much, if not more, to raise the profile of the principles themselves. The universally agreed objectives of strengthening international partnerships and co‐operation, as well as of building inclusive, effective, accountable, and transparent institutions as declared in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, are goals well worth pursuing.
First observation of Lethocerus cordofanus (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae) preying on Afronycteris nana (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)
Authors: Chen Kelvin , Massaad Mark , De Lima Ricardo , Rainho Ana , Rocha Ricardo
Published: July 2023

Giant water bugs (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae) are key predators in freshwater ecosystems and have been reported to feed on several species of vertebrates, including fishes, amphibians and reptiles. Here, we report the opportunistic predation of an adult female vesper bat (Afronycteris nana) by a giant water bug (Lethocerus cordofanus) in a temporary pond in a rice paddy in Guinea‐Bissau, West Africa. To our best knowledge, this is the first instance of natural predation upon a mammal by a giant water bug to be documented in a scientific report.
Efficacy and safety of 1565‐nm nonablative fractional laser combined with mucopolysaccharide polysulfate cream for erythematous acne scars
Authors: Ning Xiaoli , Wang Ziyi , Fei Wenmin , Han Yang , Liu Baoyi , Xu Jingkai , Li Chengxu , Cui Yong , Yu Ruixing
Published: July 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 1565‐nm nonablative fractional laser (NAFL) combined with mucopolysaccharide polysulfate (MPS) cream in the treatment of erythematous acne scars.

Methods

A total of 28 subjects with erythematous acne scars from June 2021 to April 2022 were enrolled. One side of each subject's face was randomly assigned to be treated with 1565‐nm NAFL (at 2 sessions with four‐week intervals) combined with MPS cream (twice daily) for 8 weeks, and the other side with 1565‐nm NAFL combined with placebo cream. CBS® images and parameters, dermoscopic images and the quantitative data processed by ImageJ software, and quantitative global scarring grading system (GSS) score were obtained at baseline and after treatment. Subjects' satisfaction assessment was performed after treatment. Adverse events were recorded during treatment.

Results

In CBS® parameters, the red area, red area concentration, and smoothness were improved more significantly on the 1565‐nm NAFL combined with MPS cream side than on the 1565‐nm NAFL combined with placebo cream side after treatment (p = 0.015, p = 0.013, and p = 0.021). For dermoscopy, both scar area and scar redness achieved a significantly greater percentage of improvement on the side of 1565‐nm NAFL combined with MPS cream than the side of 1565‐nm NAFL combined with placebo cream after treatment (p = 0.005 and p = 0.041). The reduction of quantitative GSS score and Subjects' satisfaction assessment were similarly superior on the 1565‐nm NAFL combined with MPS cream side. Temporary erythema was experienced by all subjects after each 1565‐nm NAFL treatment. No subject reported intolerance or allergy to the cream during follow‐up.

Conclusions

The combined application of 1565‐nm NAFL and MPS cream could be an effective and safe treatment for erythematous acne scars. ImageJ software enables quantitative evaluation of dermoscopic images of acne scars.
Effect of light spectrum, salinity, and glucose levels on Spirulina morphology
Authors: Nosratimovafagh Ahmad , Esmaeili Fereidouni Abolghasem , Krujatz Felix
Published: July 2023

This study evaluated how light spectrum, salinity, and glucose level affect Spirulina morphology, using response surface methodology (RSM). A full factorial experiment was conducted including three light conditions with different predominant spectral characteristics (“white”: 100% white; “red”: 80% red, 15% blue, and 5% green; and “yellow”: 80% yellow, 15% blue, and 5% green), four NaCl concentrations (0, 5, 15, 30 g/L), and four glucose levels (0, 1.5, 2, 2.5 g/L). Light spectrum conditions and salinity had significant effects on the filament length, spiral diameter, and screw pitch length. Glucose only had a significant effect in terms of the spiral diameter. The maximum filament length (1274 μm; under 30 g/L NaCl and 2.5 g/L glucose), spiral diameter (47 μm; under 1 g/L NaCl and 2 g/L glucose), and screw pitch length (112 μm; under 1 g/L NaCl and 2 g/L glucose) were attained under yellow light. In line with the simulation, more compacted filaments, that is, with a greater diameter (41 μm) and shorter screw pitches (78 μm), are observed under “red” light (4 g/L NaCl and 2.5 g/L glucose). Because longer but compact filaments are desirable for easier harvesting, we recommend a light spectrum that is predominantly red with a NaCl concentration of 5.8 g/L deprived of glucose, for the cost‐effective harvesting of Spirulina biomass.
Mean–variance hedging of contingent claims with random maturity
Authors: Kladívko Kamil , Zervos Mihail
Published: July 2023

We study the mean–variance hedging of an American‐type contingent claim that is exercised at a random time in a Markovian setting. This problem is motivated by applications in the areas of employee stock option valuation, credit risk, or equity‐linked life insurance policies with an underlying risky asset value guarantee. Our analysis is based on dynamic programming and uses PDE techniques. In particular, we prove that the complete solution to the problem can be expressed in terms of the solution to a system of one quasi‐linear parabolic PDE and two linear parabolic PDEs. Using a suitable iterative scheme involving linear parabolic PDEs and Schauder's interior estimates for parabolic PDEs, we show that each of these PDEs has a classical C1, 2 solution. Using these results, we express the claim's mean–variance hedging value that we derive as its expected discounted payoff with respect to an equivalent martingale measure that does not coincide with the minimal martingale measure, which, in the context that we consider, identifies with the minimum entropy martingale measure as well as the variance‐optimal martingale measure. Furthermore, we present a numerical study that illustrates aspects of our theoretical results.
An independent audit of electroconvulsive therapy patient information leaflets in Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales
Authors: Read John , Morrison Lisa , Harrop Chris
Published: July 2023

Objectives

To evaluate the accuracy of patient information leaflets about electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) used in Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales, and their compliance with the principle of informed consent.

Design and Methods

To replicate an audit in England, Freedom of Information Act requests were sent to the 26 providers of ECT for their ECT patient information leaflet. These were scored, by two independent raters, on the same 40‐item accuracy measure used in the England audit.

Results

The number of accurate statements (out of a possible 29) ranged from seven to 20, with a mean of 16.9. The most frequently omitted statements included: cardiovascular risks (mentioned by five leaflets), that it is not known how ECT works (3), risk of mortality (2), risks from multiple general anaesthetic procedures (2), how to access a legal advocate (2) and that that there is no evidence of long‐term benefits (1). The leaflets made between six and nine inaccurate statements (out of 11) with a mean of 7.0. Nineteen minimised memory loss, blamed the memory loss on depression, claimed that ECT is the ‘most effective treatment’ and asserted it has very high response rates without mentioning similar placebo response rates. All 23 leaflets wrongly told patients that ECT saves lives.

Conclusions

Electroconvulsive therapy information leaflets in these three nations are barely more accurate than those in England and do not comply with the ethical principle of informed consent. Patients and families across the UK are systematically being misled about the risks they are taking and the limited nature of ECT's benefits.
Restoration‐based education: a brief overview of a field under construction
Authors: Pérez Daniel R. , Freire Laísa M.
Published: July 2023

Education and restoration belong to fields that are profuse in academic production, are integrated into politics and governmental decision‐making, are present in business sectors, and have gained the public interest and the participation of civil society. Therefore, it might seem relatively easy to integrate both spheres of social and environmental interest. However, both sciences and practices belong to traditions of human and natural sciences, cultures whose conceptual and methodological articulation have not been easy throughout history. This article argues that for true integration of education in ecological restoration the following conditions are required: (1) a defined positioning about sustainable development and the purpose of the ecological restoration, (2) recognition of the complexity of the environmental education field, and (3) knowledge of the main postulates of the “restoration‐based education” (RBE). Based on selected RBE cases, we discuss the possibilities of putting into practice theoretical postulates of this transdisciplinary field of work.
Envy, entitlement, and cutting the line: Dark personality predicted selfishness during the U.S. COVID‐19 vaccine rollout
Authors: Howell Jennifer L. , Collisson Brian D. , Webster Gregory D.
Published: July 2023

Dark Triad personality traits (narcissism, psychopathy, and Machivellianism) predict increased selfish thinking and behavior. In the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic, they have been related to behaviors such as greater hoarding and decreased COVID‐preventative behaviors. Here we examined whether the Dark Triad might predict selfish beliefs and behavior surrounding COVID‐19 vaccinations during the 2021 U.S. vaccine rollout—a time when availability was scarce and people were prioritized based on factors like preexisting medical conditions or line of work. In a sample of 499 people, we found that the constellation of Dark Triad traits predicted skipping one's priority in line to get the COVID‐19 vaccine earlier among the vaccinated. Among the unvaccinated it predicted greater envy, entitlement, perceptions of unfairness, and willingness to skip the line. Taken together, these findings suggest that those high in the Dark Triad do not simply care less about their health and safety, instead there may be circumstances in which dark traits predict preventative, albeit selfish, behavior.
Predictors of COVID‐19 precautionary behaviors to protect people with disabilities
Authors: Tran Sydney J. , Bogart Kathleen R. , Logan Samuel W. , Case Layne , Woekel Erica
Published: July 2023

Disability is conceptualized using one of two major frameworks: the medical and the social model of disability. The medical model of disability describes disability as an individual issue in which the appropriate intervention is to remove the disability. The social model of disability describes disability as a social construction in which the appropriate intervention is societal change to increase accessibility. This study drew on models of disability to understand predictors of engagement in COVID‐precautionary behavior prior to the vaccine to protect people with disabilities (PWD) from contracting COVID‐19. Participants (n = 720) with and without disabilities (n = 77 and n = 633, respectively) completed an online questionnaire measuring disability beliefs, attitudes toward PWD, concerns about PWD contracting COVID‐19, and engagement in behavior protecting PWD from contracting COVID‐19. Medical model beliefs were negatively associated with behavior. In addition, negative attitudes toward PWD and low concern about PWD contracting COVID‐19 fully accounted for the relationship. Social model beliefs were positively associated with behavior. In addition, positive attitudes toward PWD and greater concern about PWD contracting COVID‐19 partially explained the relationship. These findings suggest that framing disability as a social construction rather than a medical issue could promote greater public health behavior to protect PWD from contracting COVID.
Omics markers of platelet transfusion in trauma patients
Authors: LaCroix Ian S. , Cohen Mitchell , Moore Ernest E. , Dzieciatkowska Monika , Silliman Christopher C. , Hansen Kirk C. , D'Alessandro Angelo
Published: July 2023

Background

Even in the era of the COVID‐19 pandemic, trauma remains the global leading cause of mortality under the age of 49. Trauma‐induced coagulopathy is a leading driver of early mortality in critically ill patients, and transfusion of platelet products is a life‐saving intervention to restore hemostasis in the bleeding patient. However, despite extensive functional studies based on viscoelastic assays, limited information is available about the impact of platelet transfusion on the circulating molecular signatures in trauma patients receiving platelet transfusion.

Materials and Methods

To bridge this gap, we leveraged metabolomics and proteomics approaches to characterize longitudinal plasma samples (n = 118; up to 11 time points; total samples: 759) from trauma patients enrolled in the Control Of Major Bleeding After Trauma (COMBAT) study. Samples were collected in the field, in the emergency department (ED), and at intervals up to 168 h (7 days) post‐hospitalization. Transfusion of platelet (PLT) products was performed (n = 30; total samples: 250) in the ED through 24 h post‐hospitalization. Longitudinal plasma samples were subjected to mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics and proteomics workflows. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine omics markers of transfusion of one, two, three, or more PLT transfusions.

Results

Higher levels of tranexamic acid (TXA), inflammatory proteins, carnitines, and polyamines were detected in patients requiring PLT transfusion. Correlation of PLT units with omics data suggested sicker patients required more units and partially overlap with the population requiring transfusion of packed red blood cell products. Furthermore, platelet activation was likely increased in the most severely injured patients. Fatty acid levels were significantly lower in PLT transfusion recipients (at time of maximal transfusion: Hour 4) compared with non‐recipients, while carnitine levels were significantly higher. Fatty acid levels restore later in the time course (e.g., post‐PLT transfusion).

Discussion

The present study provides the first multi‐omics characterization of platelet transfusion efficacy in a clinically relevant cohort of trauma patients. Physiological alterations following transfusion were detected, highlighting the efficacy of mass spectrometry‐based omics techniques to improve personalized transfusion medicine. More specialized clinical research studies focused on PLT transfusion, including organized pre and post transfusion sample collection and limitation to PLT products only, are required to fully understand subsequent metabolomic and proteomic alterations.
The 2‐fusion system of the Monster
Authors: Aschbacher Michael
Published: July 2023

This paper is part of an effort to determine a certain class of simple 2‐fusion systems, and to use that result to simplify the proof of the classification of the finite simple groups. The main theorem proves that the 2‐fusion system of the Monster is the unique simple system with a fully centralized involution whose centralizer is the fusion system of the universal covering group of the Baby Monster.
Effect of atomic layer annealing in plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition of aluminum nitride on silicon
Authors: Seppänen Heli , Prozheev Igor , Kauppinen Christoffer , Suihkonen Sami , Mizohata Kenichiro , Lipsanen Harri
Published: July 2023

The effect of adding an atomic layer annealing step to a plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition process of aluminum nitride was investigated with commonly available materials. The refractive index, crystallinity, stoichiometry, and impurity concentrations were studied from films grown from trimethylaluminum and ammonia precursors at 300°C on Si(111) substrates. Additional energy provided by the atomic layer annealing step during each deposition cycle was found to enhance the crystallinity and stoichiometry and increase the refractive index and film density. A polycrystalline hexagonal film with a weak c-axis orientation was obtained on substrates with and without native oxide, which is promising for applications that require high quality films at low temperatures.
Chamber music hall acoustics: Measurements and perceptual differences
Authors: Lachenmayr Winfried , Meyer-Kahlen Nils , Colella Gomes Otavio , Kuusinen Antti , Lokki Tapio
Published: July 2023

This study investigates the room acoustics of seven chamber music halls of various modern and historical architecture by means of objective room acoustic measures and a subjective listening experiment. The acoustic measurements were performed with heavy cloth covering the audience areas to simulate occupancy in the halls. A loudspeaker quartet was used for auralizations, which were reproduced in a surrounding loudspeaker array. The perceptual differences between the halls were evaluated in terms of envelopment, warmth, clarity, proximity, and preference by using a paired comparison paradigm. The subjective evaluations were conducted in two different laboratories and latent class analysis was used to study the agreement between laboratories and the emergence of different listener groups in the ratings of each attribute. Concerning preference, the emergence of two groups found in the study of large symphony halls was confirmed, where one group prefers rich, enveloping sound and one group prefers high clarity. The perceptual ratings were not clearly associated with a specific hall shape, but rather depended on the distribution of early and late sound energy. Thus, the distinction between rectangular and non-rectangular floor plans previously found for large symphony halls was not observed with these smaller halls.
Mechanisms of nuclear pore complex disassembly by the mitotic Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK-1) in
C. elegans
embryos
Authors: Nkombo Nkoula Sylvia , Velez-Aguilera Griselda , Ossareh-Nazari Batool , Van Hove Lucie , Ayuso Cristina , Legros Véronique , Chevreux Guillaume , Thomas Laura , Seydoux Géraldine , Askjaer Peter , Pintard Lionel
Published: July 2023

The nuclear envelope, which protects and organizes the genome, is dismantled during mitosis. In the
Caenorhabditis elegans
zygote, nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD) of the parental pronuclei is spatially and temporally regulated during mitosis to promote the unification of the maternal and paternal genomes. Nuclear pore complex (NPC) disassembly is a decisive step of NEBD, essential for nuclear permeabilization. By combining live imaging, biochemistry, and phosphoproteomics, we show that NPC disassembly is a stepwise process that involves Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK-1)–dependent and –independent steps. PLK-1 targets multiple NPC subcomplexes, including the cytoplasmic filaments, central channel, and inner ring. PLK-1 is recruited to and phosphorylates intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of several multivalent linker nucleoporins. Notably, although the phosphosites are not conserved between human and
C. elegans
nucleoporins, they are located in IDRs in both species. Our results suggest that targeting IDRs of multivalent linker nucleoporins is an evolutionarily conserved driver of NPC disassembly during mitosis.
A window into development of a complex ice-marginal lake prior to the Late Glacial Maximum (LGM) in Austria
Authors: Heron D.P. Le , Griesmeier G.E.U. , Reitner J.M.
Published: July 2023

Although the retreat process of glaciers from the Late Glacial Maximum (LGM) is well documented, high-resolution insight into conditions prior to the maximum is lacking in the eastern European Alps, resulting in a gap in our understanding about the processes associated with this important climatic tipping point. We describe an outstanding sand and gravel outcrop at Gröbming in the Enns Valley (Ennstal), Austria, that represents the development of a delta complex that debouched into a large body of water that we name paleo-Lake Gröbming, fed by a major valley glacier. The succession consists of sands bearing climbing ripples, parallel laminations, and supercritical bed forms (bottomsets) overlain by meter-scale gravelly foresets. Topsets comprise gravels. We argue that sustained accumulation of supercritical bed forms required a jet efflux feeder mechanism best explained by a direct glacial meltwater source. Complex vertical and lateral repetition of this tripartite succession is observed, with sequence stratigraphic analysis permitting us to argue that stratal complexity is attributable to base-level changes in paleo-Lake Gröbming resulting from dam breaches of the lake. Thus, application of well-established sequence stratigraphic approaches to Quaternary ice-marginal successions in the Alps has significant potential to yield unprecedented insights into conditions prior to the LGM.
Previously melt-depleted mantle beneath the Cascades Range arc
Authors: Yuh Ian , Day James M.D.
Published: July 2023

Mantle peridotite xenoliths from Lorena Butte, Simcoe Mountains volcanic field, Washington, USA, have been reported with radiogenic 187Os/188Os (≤0.149) and elevated oxidation states, which have been interpreted to reflect Farallon slab contributions to the mantle wedge. To examine subarc processes beneath the Cascades arc, mineral thermobarometry and bulk-rock compositions, including highly siderophile element (HSE) abundances and 187Os/188Os, were obtained for Lorena Butte harzburgite xenoliths. Harzburgites have 187Os/188Os ratios (0.1231 ± 20; 2 SD; n = 10) that only marginally overlap and are, on average, 7% less radiogenic than the previously reported xenoliths, with estimates of oxygen fugacity (ΔFMQ = +1.0 ± 0.5) within the range of both subduction-related and abyssal peridotites. Lorena Butte harzburgites experienced significant shallow-level melt depletion (>15%) prior to incorporation into the mantle wedge. After incorporation into the lithosphere, the peridotites were erupted within trachybasalt of intraplate origin. This heritage suggests that only low-Os harzburgites preserve radiogenic 187Os/188Os from subduction fluids and that previously melt-depleted mantle forms an important component of mantle wedges. Furthermore, the extent of melt depletion experienced by the peridotites is not necessarily coupled with mineral thermobarometry, which can be affected by melt infiltration and metasomatism.
Coccidioidomycosis lymphadenopathy: an unusual presentation
Authors: Sri Keerthika , Vaithy Anandraj , Kathirvelu Shanmugasamy , Srinivasan Sowmya
Published: July 2023

Coccidioidomycosis is known to occur around the western hemisphere. In tropical countries, the clinical presentation is atypical presenting with a superficial abscess preceded by respiratory tract involvement often mimicking tuberculosis. Eliciting a history of exposure and high suspicion is imperative for early diagnosis.

In the present case report, a man in his early 30s presented with complaints of swelling over the neck for the past 2 months with a recent travel history. With a provisional clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis, a biopsy of the swelling revealed features of granulomas with non-caseating necrosis with Coccidioidomycosis organisms demonstrated by fungal stains. Fungal culture and serology reiterated Coccidioides and he recovered after a course of fluconazole.

The case report concludes with a statement that Coccidioidomycosis is known to manifest with lymphadenitis mimicking tuberculosis and must be taken into account as one of the differentials. The current report is presented for its rarity in India with atypical presentation.
Retrospective analyses of routine preoperative blood testing in a tertiary eye hospital: could Choosing Wisely work in China?
Authors: Lai Yunxi , Zeng Weiting , Liao Jingyu , Yu Yubin , Liu Xiuping , Wu Kaili
Published: July 2023

Aims

To explore the possibility of implementing Choosing Wisely on ocular patients in China by investigating the prevalence of abnormalities in routine preoperative blood tests (RPBTs) and its turnaround time (TAT).

Methods

Data from 102 542 ocular patients between January 2016 and December 2018, at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, were pooled from the laboratory information system. The test results were divided into normal and abnormal, including critical values. Ocular diseases were stratified into 11 subtypes based on the primary diagnosis. The TAT of 243 350 blood tests from January 2017 to December 2018 was categorised into transportation time and intralaboratory time.

Results

RPBT was grouped into complete blood count (CBC), blood biochemistry (BBC), blood coagulation (BCG) and blood-borne pathogens (BBP), completed for 97.22%, 87.66%, 94.41% and 95.35% of the recruited patients (male, 52 549 (51.25%); median(IQR) age, 54 (29–67) years), respectively. Stratified by the test items, 9.19% (95% CI 9.07% to 9.31%) were abnormal results, and 0.020% (95% CI 0.019% to 0.022%) were critical; most abnormalities were on the CBC, while glucose was the most common critical item. Classified by the patients’ primary diagnosis, 76.97% (95% CI 76.71% to 77.23%) had at least one abnormal result, and 0.28% (95% CI 0.25% to 0.32%) were critical; abnormal findings were reported in 45.29% (95% CI 44.98% to 45.60%), 54.97% (95% CI 54.65% to 55.30%), 30.29% (95% CI 30.00% to 30.58%) and 11.32% (95% CI 11.12% to 11.52%) for the CBC, BBC, BCG and BBP tests, respectively. The median transportation time and intralaboratory TAT of the samples were 12 min and 78 min respectively.

Conclusion

Blood abnormalities are common in ocular patients. With acceptable timelines, RPBT is still indispensable in China for patient safety.
An analysis of WHO’s Temporary Recommendations on international travel and trade measures during Public Health Emergencies of International Concern
Authors: Worsnop Catherine Z , Nass Samuel , Grépin Karen Ann , Lee Kelley
Published: July 2023

During Public Health Emergencies of International Concern (PHEICs), The International Health Regulations (IHR) require the WHO to issue Temporary Recommendations on the use of international travel and trade measures. During the COVID-19 pandemic, WHO’s initial recommendation against ‘any travel or trade restriction’ has been questioned, and virtually all countries subsequently used international travel measures. WHO’s Recommendations to States Parties also changed over the course of the pandemic. There is a need to understand how WHO’s treatment of this issue compared with other PHEICs and why States Parties’ actions diverged from WHO’s initial Recommendations. This first analysis of WHO’s Temporary Recommendations on international travel and trade measures during all seven PHEICs compares the guidance for clarity and consistency in several areas of substance and process. We find that lack of clarity and inconsistency in WHO guidance makes it difficult to interpret and relate back to IHR obligations. Based on this analysis, we offer recommendations to increase consistency and clarity of WHO’s guidance on this issue during global health emergencies.
Secondary analysis of a James Lind Alliance priority setting partnership to facilitate knowledge translation in degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM): insights from AO Spine RECODE-DCM
Authors: Davies Benjamin , Brannigan Jamie , Mowforth Oliver D , Khan Danyal , McNair Angus G K , Tetreault Lindsay , Sadler Iwan , Sarewitz Ellen , Aarabi Bizhan , Kwon Brian , Gronlund Toto , Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa , Zipser Carl Moritz , Hutchinson Peter John , Kurpad Shekar , Harrop James S , Wilson Jefferson R , Guest James D , Fehlings Michael G , Kotter Mark R N
Published: July 2023

Objectives

To explore whether a James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership could provide insights on knowledge translation within the field of degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM).

Design

Secondary analysis of a James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership process for DCM.

Participants and setting

DCM stake holders, including spinal surgeons, people with myelopathy and other healthcare professionals, were surveyed internationally. Research suggestions submitted by stakeholders but considered answered were identified. Sampling characteristics of respondents were compared with the overall cohort to identify subgroups underserved by current knowledge translation.

Results

The survey was completed by 423 individuals from 68 different countries. A total of 22% of participants submitted research suggestions that were considered ‘answered’. There was a significant difference between responses from different stakeholder groups (p<0.005). Spinal surgeons were the group which was most likely to submit an ‘answered’ research question. Respondents from South America were also most likely to submit ‘answered’ questions, when compared with other regions. However, there was no significant difference between responses from different stakeholder regions (p=0.4).

Conclusions

Knowledge translation challenges exist within DCM. This practical approach to measuring knowledge translation may offer a more responsive assessment to guide interventions, complementing existing metrics.
Public health measures on COVID-19 in North Korea: a quantitative analysis of media programmes in 2020–2022
Authors: Kim Taehoon , Kim Jihyeong , Jeon Jieun , Moon Jin Soo
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Details regarding the management of COVID-19 in North Korea are unknown. The aim of this paper was to analyse media programmes in North Korea in order to understand public health measures and policies concerning COVID-19.

Setting

State-run news agency in North Korea.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The classification of television programmes on COVID-19 broadcast in a state-run news agency, from January 2020 to May 2022, and public health measures introduced in the programmes.

Results

A total of 2671 programmes concerning COVID-19 were included in the study. These programmes provided detailed clinical guidelines to laypeople without medical expertise, including instructions for the usage of medication and preventive measures. An association between the media concern regarding COVID-19 and trade volume, as a proxy of border closure according to the concern of the authorities, provided hints to understand the priorities and aims of the authorities.

Conclusions

The research outcomes provided significant insights into the effort to understand an impaired healthcare system and prevalent drug abuse behaviours in North Korea. Findings from further studies on the recently collected data might suggest additional implications on the North Korean policies on COVID-19.
Robotic Diagnostic Cerebral Angiography: A Multicenter Experience of 113 Patients
Authors: Beaman Charles , Gautam Ayushi , Peterson Catherine , Kaneko Naoki , Ponce Luciano , Saber Hamidreza , Khatibi Kasra , Morales Jose , Kimball David , Lipovac Jacob Ridge , Narsinh Kazim H , Baker Amanda , Caton M Travis , Smith Eric R , Nour May , Szeder Viktor , Jahan Reza , Colby Geoffrey P , Cord Branden J , Cooke Daniel L , Tateshima Satoshi , Duckwiler Gary , Waldau Ben
Published: July 2023

Background

Neurointerventional robotic systems have potential to reduce occupational radiation, improve procedural precision, and allow for future remote teleoperation. A limited number of single institution case reports and series have been published outlining the safety and feasibility of robot-assisted diagnostic cerebral angiography.

Methods

This is a multicenter, retrospective case series of patients undergoing diagnostic cerebral angiography at three separate institutions – University of California, Davis (UCD); University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA); and University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). The equipment used was the CorPath GRX Robotic System (Corindus, Waltham, MA).

Results

A total of 113 cases were analyzed who underwent robot-assisted diagnostic cerebral angiography from September 28, 2020 to October 27, 2022. There were no significant complications related to use of the robotic system including stroke, arterial dissection, bleeding, or pseudoaneurysm formation at the access site. Using the robotic system, 88 of 113 (77.9%) cases were completed successfully without unplanned manual conversion. The principal causes for unplanned manual conversion included challenging anatomy, technical difficulty with the bedside robotic cassette, and hubbing out of the robotic system due to limited working length. For robotic operation, average fluoroscopy time was 13.2 min (interquartile range (IQR), 9.3 to 16.8 min) and average cumulative air kerma was 975.8 mGY (IQR, 350.8 to 1073.5 mGy).

Conclusions

Robotic cerebral angiography with the CorPath GRX Robotic System is safe and easily learned by novice users without much prior manual experience. However, there are technical limitations such as a short working length and an inability to support 0.035” wires which may limit its widespread adoption in clinical practice.
“It is difficult for us to treat their pain”. Health professionals’ perceptions of Somali pastoralists in the context of pain management: a conceptual model
Authors: Baum Eleonore , Abdi Sied , van Eeuwijk Peter , Probst-Hensch Nicole , Zinsstag Jakob , Tschopp Rea , Vosseler Birgit
Published: July 2023

Pain is one of the most neglected areas of care in sub-Saharan Africa. Access to adequate pain management is important, especially in marginalised populations, such as pastoralists. Little is known about health professionals’ perceptions of pain-related care for Somali pastoralists. This study seeks to understand health professionals’ perceptions of Somali pastoralists in the context of pain management in Eastern Ethiopia. Within the scope of this qualitative multicentre study, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 17 health professionals (mainly nurses) experienced in treating Somali pastoralists with pain. Data analysis was based on the coding paradigm proposed by Strauss and Corbin within Grounded Theory methodology and resulted in a conceptual model of pastoralist-specific pain management. We gave voice to pastoralists in the study design, for example, through focus group discussions conducted prior to this study. Our study is part of a larger ongoing research project involving health professionals and pastoralist communities. The perspective of pastoralists is explored in a consecutive study. ‘Patient-professional relationship’ was the core category we identified within the conceptual model. This category was closely linked with issues of ‘(mis)trust’ and ‘communication (barriers)’. ‘Patient-related conditions’ (eg, (under)-reporting of pain, care preferences and beliefs) and ‘health professional-related’ conditions’ (eg, insufficient training, (under)exposure to local culture) had an influence on the core category. Contextual factors proved to be relevant as well, such as age and gender. The study highlights the complexity of pain management among marginalised communities, such as pastoralists. Health professionals perceive Somali pastoralists to have distinct illness beliefs and pain concepts influencing their health-seeking behaviour. The study highlights the importance of reaching this patient group with culturally acceptable and comprehensive pain management strategies.
Development and validation of prediction scores for the outcome associated with persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome among patients with trauma
Authors: Okada Kazuhiro , Ohde Sachiko , Yagi Takanori , Hara Yoshiaki , Yokobori Shoji
Published: July 2023

Background

Persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS) has impacted on long-term prognosis of patients with trauma. We aimed to identify patients with trauma at risk of PICS-related complications early in the intensive care unit (ICU) course.

Methods

A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted. All consecutive patients with trauma who had stayed in the ICU for >7 days were included in the study. We developed the prediction score for the incidence of PICS-related outcomes in the derivation cohort for the initial period and then evaluated in the validation cohort for the subsequent period. Other outcomes were also assessed using the score.

Results

In total, 170 and 133 patients were included in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. The prediction score comprised the variables indicating PICS presence, including a maximum value of C-reactive protein >15 mg/dL, minimum value of albumin <2.5 g/dL, and an episode of nosocomial infection for the first 7 days after admission. A score of 1 was assigned to each variable. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the score to predict PICS incidence was 0.74 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.81) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.81) in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. The higher score was also significantly associated with a higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score at day 14, a longer duration of mechanical ventilation, a longer length of stay in ICU, and experienced multiple episodes of infection. Similar results were obtained in the validation cohort.

Conclusions

Our scoring system could predict the outcomes associated with PICS among patients with trauma. Because the score comprised the parameters measured for the first 7 days during the ICU course, it could contribute to identifying patients at a high risk of unfavorable outcome earlier.

Level of evidence

Multivariate prediction models; level IV.