bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sulphur Concretes of Framework Structure
Authors: Erofeev V , Yausheva L , Bulgakov A
Published: March 2021

From the standpoint of the multi structure theory, the principles of the formation of sulphur concrete composite materials are proved. The regularities of structure formation and the manufacturing technology of frame composites at the levels of micro- and macrostructure are determined. Theoretically and experimentally substantiated the optimal composition of composites for the manufacture of coatings and floors, resistant to exposure to chemical and biological aggressive environments. The influence of the nature and dispersion of the filler, its quantitative content on the structure formation, transparency and durability of sulphur composites is investigated. Active additives for sulphur concrete are proposed, which make it possible to increase their mechanical-and-physical properties, as well as durability under conditions of exposure to chemical aggressive environments and microorganisms. The preparation technology is developed and the mechanical-and-physical properties of the frame structure composites are determined.
Research and Analysis of the State and Development of Woody Plants in The Squares of the City of Krasnoyarsk
Authors: Kuhar I , Avdeeva E
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of studies in different areas of the city of Krasnoyarsk with different levels of anthropogenic load and different levels of air pollution. An analysis was made of the stability of the development of woody plants in the squares of the city of Krasnoyarsk using the example of birch drooping according to two indicators: the asymmetry coefficient for five parameters of the leaves and the asymmetry value for the area of the leaves. The results of the study showed that technogenic impacts lead to a change in the size and magnitude of the fluctuating asymmetry of the drooping birch leaves. In the area with average extent of pollution decrease in stability of the development, being expressed in increase of values of indicators of asymmetry is noted. The greatest decrease in stability of development is noted in selection with a maximum level of pollution. According to the conducted researches, wood plants react to influence of an urban environment, thus methods of a dendroindikation are a theoretical basis of development of recommendations for an assessment of a condition of an urban environment.
Calculation Features of Wooden-Composite Ribbed Plates with Splices in the Cover
Authors: Labudin B V , Popov E V , Sopilov V V
Published: March 2021

Wood-composite plate-ribbed bend structures with plywood and oriented strand board as covers with splices are considered. An overview of studies devoted to the study and increasing of the efficiency of such structures is presented. The theory of calculation of composite rods by A R Rzhanitsyn is taken for compilind a mathematical model for calculations of the the stress-strain state of these structures, taking into account the splices in the cover and the flexibility of mechanical joints of the covers and ribs. The graphs of the dependence of the maximum tensile stresses in the ribs in the criterion cross section and the maximum vertical displacements from the shear bond stiffness coefficient and the location of the splices in the cover are presented. The values of the coefficients for the engineering calculation of plates, taking into account the decrease in the strength and deformation characteristics of the composite section of panels with splices in the cover, compared to panels without splices in the cover, are proposed. Conclusions and recommendations are formulated based on the results of the research, which can be used in the design of wood-composite plate-ribbed structures.
Urban Planning Function of Architectural Monuments and Their Restoration Experience in the XX-XXI Centuries
Authors: Pryadko I
Published: March 2021

In the article, the author attempts to determine the position of restoration and preservation of architectural monuments in a range of actions aimed at designing architectural environments in contemporary Russian megalopolises. The author has proven that public and private funding of restoration can re-energize cultural heritage assets. They serve as dominant urban elements in present-day megalopolises and boost traveling. The author analyzes features of restoration funding and assesses private investment programmes focused on the restoration of cultural heritage assets. The author has analyzed several cases of the “One ruble for one square meter” programme implemented in the Russian capital and assessed the restoration of cultural heritage assets performed there. The set of methods, employed by the author in his research, includes the retrospective analysis, the comparative historical method, and the general research method of inductive generalization.
The Method of Contrast of Modern Architecture in the Historical Environment of the City
Authors: Pronina T V
Published: March 2021

The process of urban development is irreversible. As you know, this process goes in two directions - along an extensive and intensive path, that is, it affects not only the peripheral zones of the city, but also the established areas, including the historical centers of cities. At the present stage of development of post-industrial society, in the context of the observed shifts in its worldview, there is also a revision of society’s attitude to cultural heritage, including historical architecture. There are more and more cases of aggressive interference of new architectural objects in the historical environment of cities without taking into account its preservation. The purpose of this study is to identify the appropriateness of the applying of the contrast method of a new or built-in architectural form to the existing historical environment, as well as to identify techniques and means of achieving a harmonic contrast effect. The objects of research are new and reconstructed objects of architecture in the context of the historical urban environment.
Additive Technologies in the Production of Products by Hot Isostatic Pressing
Authors: Makarov V S , Molev Y I , Markov A I
Published: March 2021

In metallurgy, the production of castings and parts has undergone revolutionary changes in recent years, associated with the creation and expanding use of additive technologies that can fundamentally improve the quality indicators of manufactured products and production conditions. Hot isostatic pressing technology is a complex process in which a large number of parameters affect the quality of the final product. The complexity of the GUI process lies in many thermal, physical, and mechanical interactions and the influence of a large number of parameters on them. By properly understanding and managing these factors, as well as by using additive technologies, quality materials can be obtained that are not inferior to materials obtained by traditional production methods.
The Durability of Large-Block Hollow Ceramics
Authors: Zheldakov D , Tursukov S
Published: March 2021

Increased requirements for heat insulation of building enclosure contribute to widening of modern effective building materials. One of those items is large-block hollow ceramics. Large-block hollow ceramics is actively used for building enclosure because of high properties and increasing production. However, it’s usage in outer walls and material’s humidification significantly decreases the durability of ceramic blocks. This article is about durability of large-block hollow ceramics. The main scientific hypothesis is that the web’s material of the block has increased chemical destruction speed compared to shell’s material. Also, article include the results of laboratory experiments of material’s destruction based on the process of material’s chemical corrosion that were conducted by developed methods of determination the corrosive activity of moisture and material’s chemical durability. Based on the results of pilot researches at one of Russian factories, the method of large-block ceramic material’s research was developed. The first stage results of research are shown. The results of research confirms the decrease of web’s material strength compared to strength of shell’s material.
Biopolymer Geotextiles Based on Mixtures of Polyhydroxybutyrate and Polylactic Acid
Authors: Olkhov A A , Mastalygina E E , Iordanskii A L
Published: March 2021

In this work, studies of the hydrolytic destruction of biodegradable nonwoven fibrous and film materials based on the mixtures of biobased polymers - polyhydroxybutyrate and polylactic acid, have been carried out. Fibers were obtained from a solution in chloroform by electrospinning. It was shown that materials with high content of polylactide had a low resistance to hydrolysis as compared to polyhydroxybutyrate. Nonwoven fibrous materials obtained by electrospinning had a higher water absorption and a high reactivity to hydrolysis, which significantly accelerated (by about 5 times) the biodegradation process under environmental conditions. The degree of hydrolytic destruction of fibrous materials based on polylactide and mixtures with its content of 50 wt.% or more is higher than that of samples enriched with polyhydroxybutyrate. The studied materials can be successfully used as nonwoven geotextiles for reinforcing the soil on the slopes of various types of roads being capable of accelerating the germination of grass cover.
Modern Design-Projection of Architecture of Orthodox Churches
Authors: Pallotta V I , Barsukova N I , Lebedeva O P
Published: March 2021

The article raises the question of a modern approach to the design of the architecture of Orthodox churches in our multi-confessional country. A significant place is given to Orthodox Church architecture and the consistent introduction of temples and temple complexes into the structural composition of urban space. According to many experts in Russia, the practice of architectural design and the environmental organization of cities are separate processes. The main task of modern design of architecture of Orthodox churches is to create an architecture that is based on the latest technologies, but remains humane, absolutely not indifferent to the person, to the tradition.
Numerical Modeling of Energy Consumption in Residential Buildings
Authors: Pukhkal V
Published: March 2021

Various software for building energy modeling are considered, which allow to determine the amount of energy required for building operation already at the design stage. The uncertainty of energy models for non-residential buildings ranges from ±10 to ±40% compared to the actual energy consumption. Energy consumption of heating, ventilation and hot water supply systems of two multi-story residential buildings was calculated using IES VE modeling software. Actual values of energy consumption in buildings were obtained according to the data of commercial metering devices. The following errors were observed in the energy consumption models of residential buildings in IES VE software compared to the actual building conditions: for heating — up to ±33%, for hot water supply — from plus 38% to plus 95%. The calculation results can be used to estimate the relative energy performance and compare different modeling alternatives, as well as the effectiveness of energy-saving measures, though, cannot be used to estimate the actual energy consumption.
Local Culture Preservation Through Design in Global City
Authors: Zhelondievskaia L , Barysheva V
Published: March 2021

Global cities are becoming the centers of innovations in the XXI century. The image of urban society is a multicultural one, stipulating cross-cultural communications, but the trends show something different. The symbols of national culture dissolve in the information flow, and the differences are neutralized. This article reflects upon the preservation of the local culture that was formed throughout history under the new conditions of existence. Local culture, in this article, stands for a system of cultural values formulated by a group of people in a certain territory. This research covers the visual identification of local culture expressed through design. Within the modern communications model, design can reflect the most significant and prominent features of local culture in a visual form.

The current visual culture of big cities features a hodgepodge of styles that demonstrates the dissociation of the visual environment as a result of modernist and post-modern project technologies and, to a lesser extent, specific local cultures. This article deals with the positive examples of competition works by young designers where the local culture of regions is seamlessly entailed in the modern visual environment. Such initiatives are the signs of shifting towards the reassessment of the cultural values of regions.

Launching an open dialog about values serves as a boost to preserve the cultural heritage for future generations. The authors see any initiatives from professional communities, civil society organizations, and researchers as an important part of public introspection about the identification and preservation of regional culture in a global city.
Numerical Simulation of Polydisperse Two-phase Unidirectional Fibrous Structures Electroelastic Deformation
Authors: Pan’kov A A , Pisarev P V , Bayandin S R
Published: March 2021

In this work the problem formulation is stated, and a mathematical model is developed for calculating the electroelastic deformation of polydisperse two-phase unidirectional fibrous structures. The object of the research was a unidirectional transversely isotropic composite with a two-phase polydisperse structure - a piezo actuator cell and fragments of polydisperse fibrous structures. The constitutive relations at the composite macrolevel were obtained for longitudinal and transverse electromagnetic loading with allowance for the phase conductivity. The coefficients of the electromagnetic coupling of the composite were numerically determined depending on the volume fraction of the piezoelectric phase in the fibers and matrix form. The analysis of the obtained numerical solutions was carried out, the coincidence of the analytical solution with the solution of the asymptotic averaging method for an ideal periodic fibrous structure was obtained. Recommendations on the volumetric content of phases in a two-phase polydisperse composite are presented.
Basic Directions in the Formation of a Hybrid Urban Environment of Coastal Cities in the South of Primorsky Region
Authors: Tlusty F R , Tlusty R E , Fedorovskaya N A
Published: March 2021

The problem of forming a hybrid urban environment using digital technologies in coastal cities in the south of Primorsky Krai is relevance and beyond doubt. The article discusses the basic directions of development of the architectural and design environment using digital technologies. Particular attention is paid to improving the quality of customer service in the architectural and construction business through the use of social networks and multimedia media; active use of modern digital gadgets and their software (digital advertising presentations, information collection and the possibility of remote service from various mobile devices); mutual, almost tactile, interaction with the client (remote designer, client, supplier), which allows you to control all processes “online” in real time. The authors focus on the potential economic effect of the digital technologies under study, point to the advantages of 3D architectural design and 3D additive manufacturing over standard technologies. The paper examines the influence of local regional conditions on the design of the urban environment; the cost of producing subject-spatial content using 3D printers; creation of management systems of the “smart” urban environment type; environmental friendliness of the use of digital technologies. The problems of modern legal regulation of urban planning activities and technical regulation are considered. A hybrid urban environment is seen as a space for a safe and comfortable living environment for human society.
Decor as a Way to Form a Style in a Modern Interior
Authors: Fedorovskaya N A , Chernova A V , Kravchenko I A , Petukhov V V
Published: March 2021

This article discusses the problem of understanding decor and decorativeness in modern architecture and interior design. Except the traditional representation of decor as decoration, and an additional, unimportant part of the external and internal space of buildings, there is a broader and more complex concept of decor as the entire non-constructive part of a building. It has been established that in modern interiors the decor at the level of four main indicators is actively manifested. This construction / shape, material of manufacture / decoration, technique / technology of creation, lighting. Each of these indicators has unique characteristics. For example, the constructions have proportionality, streamlining, geometrization, symmetry, asymmetry. The material has texture, texture, color, etc. Let’s pay attention to the fact that the decor, if you look at it widely, it is directly related to the category of style. It seems that decor in interior design is a kind of way of materializing style. It is a tool that makes aesthetic representations of beauty and harmony real. It has been established that decorativeness is different. The decor is a system of elements that are united by a single artistic idea. The style orientation depends from changes in decorative elements in interior design. The free use of various style elements in modern interiors allows expressing the creative approach of the designer and the tastes of the customer. Style elements also open wide possibilities for choosing the design of the space, i.e. its decoration in a broad term. Thus, decor can be considered as one of the keyways of shaping style in a modern interior. The proposed concept allows you to expand your understanding of decor in art.
Behavior of the Abrasive Medium in a Single-Axis Vibration System
Authors: Elakova A , Stupko V , Ryabov E
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the physical basis of the behavior of free abrasive grains in a single-axis vibration system. A mathematical model is made that represents the layered division of the container into layers without mixing. The established operating mode can be considered as a quasi-static state, which allowed us to determine the parameters of the speed and density of the layers of abrasive material in the working area. The optimal loading height of the working environment and the operating modes of the installation were determined.
Concept of Sustainable Development of the Construction Sector Based on BIM-Technology
Authors: Abramyan S G , Barkovskaya A Yu , Peskov A E , Klenina E A
Published: March 2021

The paper explores the relevance and defines the role of BIM technology fitting into the general concept of sustainable construction development. Summing up the analysis of scientific publications, the authors note that at the current stage of BIM technology development there is no common idea of its staged progression. Further, the authors suggest the overall IBM evolution model in the construction sector showing the individual stages. Because sustainable construction development is inconceivable without environmental aspect, a special role in the new model is given to environmental monitoring: first, at each stage of construction modeling, second, as a suggested new model stage identified as 7D, where all environmental support information will be accumulated subsequently to become the basis for optimizing the environmental parameters of construction and operation of a building or facility. The authors further suggest considering reconstruction of a structural system not as a conventional lifetime stage in the overall BIM model, but as a new lifecycle of a previously operated system with all stages characteristic of new construction. The paper underlines that the new understanding of the BIM concept makes it an integral part of the construction process and a strategy of successfully arranging construction operations.
Assessment of Construction Materials Trends Salt Content from Scanned Images
Authors: Afonin V V , Yelchischeva T F , Svetlov D A , Zotkina M M , Erofeeva I V , Emelyanov D V
Published: March 2021

Composite building materials subjected to such operational influences as high humidity and temperature have been investigated. As a result of the experiments carried out within 45 days of the samples, their scanned images were obtained, which were represented by RGB color models and processed in order to identify changes in their color properties. Samples of materials are ranked by revealing a tendency to salt formation on their surface. Depending on the change in the brightness of the samples during their exposure, the images of the samples are divided into two groups, one of which contains images that at the last exposure area have a higher level of brightness relative to the control sample, approaching white. The second group is characterized by lower brightness values also relative to the control sample. As a result, samples are identified, the images of which have a noticeable tendency to salt formation, which is controlled by the level of white brightness.
The Technology of Multilayer Mechanical Stabilization of the Railway Ballast by Flat Polymer Geogrids
Authors: Abrashitov A , Kuznetsova A
Published: March 2021

The problem of railway ballast degradation during service life is receiving considerable attention. The primary reason of aggregate particles cracking and abrasion is the maintenance operation of machine ballast tamping. Reduction of tamping operations frequency helps to maintain the quality of crushed stone and therefore, reduce the deformation of ballast. This may be achieved by increasing aggregate stiffness by mechanical stabilisation with flat rigid polymer geogrid. Laboratory modeling of cyclic loaded ballast shows that one layer of geogrid at the bottom of ballast reduces the settlement by 34 % while multilayer stabilisation by 3 geogrids reduces it by 67 % and possibly allows avoiding tapping during service life. As an alternative maintenance option, the authors propose bedding with pneumatic stone blowing or shallow tapping to the depth of 70 mm.
Tribological Fracture of Ferritic-Pearlitic Steel with Nano and Submicron Structure during Sliding Friction
Authors: Yakovleva S P , Makharova S N , Mordovskoy P G
Published: March 2021

An urgent task of tribology is to study the wear mechanisms of various materials for the development of stable wear-resistant microstructures and optimal modes of their production. The purpose of this work is to assess the wear resistance of low-alloy steel with a submicrocrystalline ferritic matrix, reinforced with nano- and microspheres of cementite, as well as to reveal the features of its destruction by friction based on the analysis of friction surfaces. Steel nanostructuring was carried out using cold (at room temperature) equal-channel angular pressing and subsequent annealing. The process of steel wear in coarse-grained and nanosubmicron states has been studied at various stages of tribological loading under sliding friction conditions using optical and scanning electron microscopy, profilometry, and analysis of changes in the roughness parameters of friction surfaces. It is shown that the formation in steel of a heterogeneous structure “submicron ferrite matrix - nanoscale carbide phase” provided an increase in wear resistance by more than two times. The features of contact fracture are revealed, which determine the increase in the wear resistance of steel upon refining the structure and indicate significant differences in the nature of the metal tribological strength formation, depending on the level of dispersion of microstructural elements. The results obtained can be used in the development of technological processes for the formation of nanoscale structural components and improving the properties of traditional low-alloy steels.
Conceptual Modeling as a Basis for Forming of Creative Skills
Authors: Erysheva E , Demidova T
Published: March 2021

Modern architecture is based on new concept, new methods, requires new approaches, directions and goals, which should not be confined within narrow formal compositional requirements, but should be considered comprehensively: information, science and the environment in general predetermined the development of new directions. On the one hand, the main principles of architectural systems are dynamism, variability, adaptation of the compositional structure to the modern requirements of life, on the other hand, the gradual penetration of new ideas from the field of philosophy, ecology, and anthropology into the field of architecture. This paper is devoted to the formation of creative skills in teaching the basics of architectural design. The main goal of the conceptual approach in student course design is the development of creative potential, the formation of an individual creative method for each student, the importance of understanding the place of architecture in all spheres of human activity and in the overall ecosystem.
Algorithm for Choosing a Technology for Insulating a Building Facade During Major Repairs Based on Multi-Criteria Optimization
Authors: Dement’eva M E
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of the formation of a decision-making model on the choice of a building facade insulation project based on the hierarchy analysis method. A popular insulation system is a hinged ventilated facade, which is a multi-layer structure. Failure of any structural element inevitably leads to the opening of the entire system at the point of failure. This design requires periodic inspection during operation, which significantly increases operating costs. That is why, at the design stage of facade insulation, it is necessary to take into account a large number of factors that can affect the decrease in reliability and efficiency in the process of subsequent operation. The relevance of the study is justified by the variety of constructive and technological solutions for insulating the facade of the building, the lack of a methodology for their selection. The aim of the work was to develop a decision-making model for choosing a design solution for a building facade insulation system based on the hierarchy analysis method. The object of the research was the criteria for comparing different types of facade insulation, the principles of their ranking. The subject of the research was to study the possibility of using multicriteria optimization methods for making a decision on the choice of a system of a hinged ventilated facade. One of the significant results of the study is the developed decision-making algorithm, taking into account the promising operational technical and economic indicators.
Innovative Pile Technologies in Modern Foundation Construction
Authors: Kocherzhenko V V , Suleymanova L A , Kocherzhenko A V
Published: March 2021

The article considers innovative pile technologies that can significantly increase the load-bearing capacity of reinforced concrete piles by increasing the friction forces on the side surface of hanging piles. The authors developed designs of modular reinforced concrete piles for the perception of various combinations of external influences, and also studied the influence of the granulometric composition of the soil adjacent to the pile body on its load-bearing capacity. The study included dynamic tests of t-shaped and square piles, theoretical studies of the interaction of t-shaped piles with clay soil by mathematical modeling, and the selection of the composition and distribution of coarse-grained filler around the pile developed by the authors with “pockets” (cavities) during its driving. The developed innovative solutions allow increasing the angle of internal friction of the soil adjacent to the reinforced concrete pile, while increasing the load-bearing capacity.
Influence of Chemical Additives on Modification of the Structure of Hydrosilicates of Cement Systems
Authors: Erofeev V T , Makridin N I , Maksimova I N , Burnaykin I N
Published: March 2021

The article provides information on the study of the influence of aprotic acid (AA) additives on the electrophysical properties of calcium hydrosilicates (HSCs), which allow us to better understand their physical and chemical nature, the type of chemical bond, and the effect of impurities on the structure. The measurements showed that the specific electrical conductivity of HSCs is within 10−7-10−8 Ohms−1 ⋅ cm−1. This suggests that HSCs are more “bad” semiconductors than dielectrics. Specific electrical conductivity of HSCs obtained without additives is 10 times greater than with additives. Experimental data shown that the activation energy of the intrinsic conductivity is less than for the impurity conductivity due to imperfections of the crystal lattice, cations and anions of AA additives. The exception is HSCs obtained with the additives BaCl2, CrCl3 and CoCI2 at a concentration of 50 mg/l. For true semiconductors, on the contrary, E

a0 » Eai. Both without additives and with AA additives, the temperature of the beginning of its own conductivity is the same − 50 °C. The decrease in the specific electrical conductivity of HSCs with all the listed AA additives allows us to assert that it is due not so much to the presence of an ordered covalent crystal lattice, but mainly to the covalent interaction of atoms within the near order, as is observed in melts and glasses.
Products Investigation of Contact Interaction of Diamond and a Matrix of Diamond-Metal Composites
Authors: Yakovleva S P , Makharova S N , Vasilyeva M I
Published: March 2021

Since the strength of the filler-matrix boundaries largely determines the properties of composite materials, the study of the interaction between the filler and the matrix is an urgent task for the development of high-performance composites. The purpose of this work is to study the products of contact interaction between the diamond and the matrix material of wear-resistant diamond-metal composites obtained by explosive pressing with subsequent heat treatment. Composites structure: natural diamond powder in a two-component iron-carbon matrix. Structural and phase studies of the diamond-matrix interface were performed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray analysis. It is revealed that a significant factor contributing to the improvement of the performance properties of experimental diamond composites is the formation of a boron-carbide phase at the interfacial boundary with high values of strength and wear resistance. The scientific novelty of the work is due to the fact that the problems connected with a formation and a state of matrix-filler zones of various composite materials are one of the main ones in the field of fundamental research of the crystalline multiphase state of matter. The obtained data can be used in the engineering practice in the development of new composite materials.
Effectiveness Evaluation of Cellar Application with Controlled Temperature Mode in Low-Rise Buildings with Pile Foundations
Authors: Kornilov T A , Nikiforov A Ya
Published: March 2021

Low-rise buildings made of light steel thin-walled structures (LSTS below) in the Arctic regions are considered by thermal protection destruction due to many heat-conducting elements and high air infiltration. Constructive measures have been recommended to increase thermal protection for buildings made of LSTS including thermally insulated cellar with a controlled temperature mode. A comparative assessment of the energy efficiency of the proposed measures has been carried out. A significant temperature improvement on the inner surface of the basement slab was obtained. The energy characteristics improvement of a building made of LSTS is shown in comparison with the indicators of a standard solution.
Membranes from the Material Assuming Nonlinear Elastic Properties if Exposed to Aggressive Environment
Authors: Erastov V V , Erastov A V , Erofeeva I V , Treshev A A , Bobryshev A A , Shafigullin L N
Published: March 2021

The article considers the behavior of a membrane of an incompressible material under the influence of a two-sided diffusion fracture mechanism, which manifests itself in a change in the initial modulus of elasticity. The object of study is incompressible material membrane. The relationship between deformations and displacements was established in the framework of the nonlinear theory of elasticity in accordance with the Karman formalism. For the phenomenological model, the maximum tensile stresses arising in a nonlinear elastic membrane are obtained, depending on the level of aggressiveness of the medium and the intensity of the acting uniformly distributed load. The resulting solution reflects the operation of the membrane, taking into account the accumulation of defects affecting the stress state. Nonlinearity of the results is manifested to a greater extent as defects accumulate.
Research into Antibacterial Activity of Novel Disinfectants Derived from Polyhexamethylene Guanidine Hydrochloride
Authors: Svetlov D A , Svetlova E D , Svetlov D D , Egorova T S , Kontorina N B , Chernyaeva E V , Potokin I L , Krayeva L A , Vildyaeva M V , Erofeeva I V
Published: March 2021

It is common knowledge that microorganisms cause biological damage to structures and facilities within various buildings and constructions. One of the most effective ways to increase the biological resistance of construction and industrial materials is the introduction of biocides into their composition. This article presents the results of research on the inactivation of various types of microorganisms with new disinfectants of the Teflex group derived from polyhexamethylguanidine hydrochloride. In the course of research, it was revealed that the specimens have biocidal (bactericidal), fungicidal and sporicidal activity when tested on bacterial suspensions and contaminated surfaces.
Advanced Methods for Modifying the Properties of Separation Media and Mineral Components for More Efficient Separation of Diamond-Bearing Raw Materials
Authors: Chanturia V A , Dvoichenkova G P , Podkamenny Yu A , Timofeev A S
Published: March 2021

The results of this study proof the effectiveness of combining physical and electrochemical methods to intensify the processing of diamond-bearing ores as shown by:

–recovering more diamonds thanks to the synergistic effects of making the diamond crystal surface more hydrophobic in grease recovery and froth flotation;

–complete recovery of abnormally luminescent crystals thanks to modifying the spectral and kinetic properties of such crystals in separation by X-ray fluorescence;

–lesser use of ferrosilicon thanks to its greater resistance to corrosion induced by interfacing with corrosive water systems.
Rational Design of Effective Antifreeze Additives for Mortars and Concretes
Authors: Tarakanov O V , Erofeev V T , Belyakova E A
Published: March 2021

The principles of designing complex anti-frost organomineral additives for mortars and concretes have been developed. The nature of the influence of the components of additives on the composition of the products of hydration of cement stone is analyzed. The influence of polymineral complex additives used in conjunction with hyperplasticizers on the kinetics of high-strength concrete hardening has been studied.
Research into the Long-Time Strength of Cement Stone with a Modified Structure
Authors: Maksimova I N , Makridin N I , Bulychev A A
Published: March 2021

The problem of a time-dependent gain of a cement dispersed system’s strength remains the focus of both domestic and foreign researchers in terms of its practical significance. To study the above problem, we used non-additive sulfate-resistant Portland cement grade 400 made by Volsk city plant with a normal density of 24 %. 9 series of samples were made from fresh Portland cement. The kinetics of changes in the cement stone’s physical and mechanical properties was observed on series’ samples for 9.5 and 18 years. The paper imparts the values of the cement, water, superplasticizer consumption and compaction ration derived from compacted cement paste after forming test pieces, numerical values of properties in check dates as a result of natural moisture exchange with the environment and drying of test samples to a constant mass at 105°C, as well as the degree of its hydration at the age of 18 years, which was determined by calculation from non-evaporable, that is, chemically bound, water, taking into account that its amount in fully hydrated cement comprises 23% of the cement mass. Changing of the superplasticizer introduction procedure, even with a minimum consumption of S-3, led to a change in the yield value of the cement stone. The experiments targeting to reveal the long-time behavior of a superplasticized cement stone allow us to speak of a clear trend in the influence of SP and its introduction procedure on changes in long-time strength values. However, this is only a trend, since there are many other factors of influence than those discussed in this paper, which testifies to the necessity for a more detailed study of this problem due to its complexity considering the development and application of a new generation superplasticizer and composite binders to construction practice.
Research into the Time Factor in the Formation of Phase Composition of the Cement Stone Structure
Authors: Makridin N I , Maksimova I N , Emelyanov D V , Barabanov D N
Published: March 2021

The challenge of obtaining high-quality concretes rests on the specificity of hydration hardening of a cement binder, during which the introduction of even a small amount of this or that component or a change in the hardening conditions may lead to drastic changes in the structure and properties of cement materials. In order to reveal the nature of the influence of plasticizing additives and their introduction procedure, a set of research efforts targeting microstructure and basic mechanical properties was deployed, including the study of changes of cement stone’s structural and mechanical parameters over a long period of hardening (up to 18 years) and the composition of cement stone’s hydration products. The main variable factors dealt with are: the dosage of SP S-3 and the modifier’s introduction procedure during mixing of cement with water. The paper imparts findings on the kinetics of changes in the content of alite, belite and other hydrosilicates in cement stone, as well as portlandite against the duration of samples’ hardening. It was found that for almost all compositions with S-3, there is a decrease in the intensity of calcite reflections (3.029 Å) compared to the control sample, which speaks of a slight decrease in carbonation processes in the presence of a superplasticizer. When the temperature and humidity conditions of hardening change, especially over a long period, structural changes associated, for example, with the destabilization of hydroaluminate phases, decompression caused by the formation of secondary crystalline hydrates of various densities, and the release of hydrate water can be one of the reasons for changing the strength of cement systems over time. These phenomena were analysed throughout its hardening time lasting up to 18 years.
New Tasks Solved by Means of Instrumental Records of Stations of Engineering Seismometric on Buildings Service
Authors: Lapin V A , Yerzhanov S Y
Published: March 2021

New tasks that can be solved using the network of stations of the engineering-seismometric service of JSC KazRDICA consisting of 12 stations on located on rooftops of buildings are considered. Depending on the type of tasks being solved, all stations are divided into groups (test sites). Building located tectonic faults were collected in separate group. Buildings on one of the sites are equipped with seismic protection systems and a house analogue. The tools for processing instrumental records are analyzed - adjusting the zero line of the accelerogram by the type of correlation function and building the distribution of accelerations on the azimuthal plane. The possibilities of processing instrumental records for a years-long registration interval are analyzed. Focal points of the earthquake in the city have been identified. A criterion is obtained for assessing the influence of a tectonic fault on the reaction of a building. Recommendations are given on the further development of the engineering seismometric service of JSC KazRDICA. The results are of theoretical and practical value.
Calculation Substantiation of the Optimal Anchoring Length of the Working Reinforcement of Precast-Monolithic Piles in the Cryolithozone
Authors: Mestnikov V V , Mestnikova I V , Mestnikov V V
Published: March 2021

The subject of research is the development of rational types of foundations in permafrost. These article is proposed use of prefabricated monolithic piles, providing for a combination of drilling and bored methods of pile foundations. The computational substantiation of the anchoring length of the working reinforcement of precast-monolithic piles under the influence of tangential forces of frost heaving has been carried out. Mathematical modeling of the joint between the prefabricated part of the pile and the monolithic part was carried out in the Ansys software.
Calculation of First-Order Perturbations at Body Motion by Analytical Method
Authors: Petelina V
Published: March 2021

The article is concerned with representation of the first-order disturbances in the rectangular coordinates, which are components of regularized speed and motion time of an investigated body in the form of polynomials on degrees of a certain regularizing variable, the analysis of an arrangement and nature of singular points is carried out, possibility of representation of coordinates and components of motion speed in the form of polynomials is proved. The main result of the article is the development of the method for determining the first-order disturbances in the form of finite polynomials. This representation of rectangular coordinates, of the components of regularized speed was obtained through a series of successive replacements of the independent variable. An algorithm for calculating first-order disturbances in rectangular coordinates, which are components of the speed and time of body motion.
Alternative Sorbents for the Cobalt-Containing Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Fux S L , Devyaterikova S V
Published: March 2021

Electroplating industry cobalt-containing wastewater treatment solutions have been found. We have opted for the reactant method of chemical treatment. We have precipitated cobalt (2+) as cobalt stearate, which we propose to use in lubricants mixed with paraffin, high-pressure polyethylene and ultrafine polytetrafluoroethylene, thus resulting in a material, possessing lower rolling friction coefficient than polytetrafluoroethylene. We have resorted to the ion-exchange method as a means of physico-chemical treatment. This method has made it possible to lower the wastewater cobalt (2+) ion concentration to the MPC h.h..(Maximum Permissible Concentration for Households). We propose the use of waste products of timber-processing (lignin) and power-producing (ash, fly ash) industries as sorbents. The mix of slag, fly ash and hydrolised lignin has been found to be the most efficient cobalt ion sorbent for the sorption method. Upon the sorbent treatment, it can be burnt in a furnace, while the ash can be stored in a sludge collector without any heat treatment.
Analysis of Entropy of Temperature and Salinity Distribution in Subsurface Layer of the Kara Sea Water Area by Geomatics Methods
Authors: Zmerslaya A B , Tabunshchyk V A , Kozlova A T
Published: March 2021

In recent years the nature of the Kara Sea is greatly influenced by human economic activity. It is stipulated mainly by extensive development of the Kara Sea coastline and by huge deposits of hydrocarbons on its shelf. An attempt to estimate the entropy of temperature and salinity distribution in subsurface layer of the Kara Sea water area has been made in this study aided by the newest geoinformational methods of study (Quantum GIS Desktop program complex). The computation and cartographic modeling of this problem show that the greatest values of entropy indices are registered within littoral and shelf regions. It can testify to the high diversity of these water areas and it is necessary that special (nature protection) regimes of nature use should be set up.
Progressive Technologies of Waste Utilization as Drivers of Sustainable Development
Authors: Shershneva E G
Published: March 2021

The article considers technological approaches to solid waste utilization from the perspective of beneficial effects. The waste utilization management is explored in the context of dominant principle of the circular economy: waste should be processed into secondary resources, reducing environmental risks. The author’s novelty is separation of waste processing methods according to the specifics of participation in utilization processes: primary (preparatory stage) and secondary (stage of waste processing). Primary (preliminary) methods are collection and storage without being an active recycling stage. It is emphasized that he waste separate collection is an important condition for creating a responsible “garbage culture” in society. Secondary methods (recycling) are next stage with mechanical, chemical and thermal impact on the waste for processing in order to obtain a useful effect. Recycling methods are represented by progressive technologies: high-temperature pyrolysis with barbotage process, gasification, air- and electro-separation, bio-thermal composting and digital technologies for waste management. It is noted that reducing of landfills, implementation of recycling, and digital methods are pivotal trends in developed countries. Concluded that citizen’s conscientiousness and progressive waste technologies are necessary conditions for the transition to sustainable development.
Safety Culture: Historiography of Notion
Authors: Abiltarova E N
Published: March 2021

This article dwells upon the formation of safety culture. It analyzes the data on the causes of accidents with severe consequences. The author stresses it is crucial to promote knowledge of labor protection and safety culture formation to prevent workplace accidents and occupational diseases. This article presents a literature review on the emergence and development of the notion of safety culture. Some documents from the International Advisory Group for Nuclear Safety of the International Atomic Energy Agency and the International Labor Organization that shed light on the theory of safety culture formation. The paper also presents the formation of safety culture in the context of legal and statutory regulation. The research employs such theoretical research methods as analyzing, filing, and aggregation of international documents, regulatory framework, and academic papers, as well as their classification, comparison, and comparative analysis. The issue of defining the structural components and criteria indices for safety culture remains open for discussion. The results of the research can be used as a theoretical basis for the development of conceptual provisions for the formation of safety culture.