bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Literary Translation from Catalan within the Framework of the Iberian and Global Gravitational Systems
Authors: Casanova Pere Comellas
Published: January 2022

Translation between Iberian languages is excellent ground for testing both the gravitational model of Abram De Swaan (1995; 2001) and centre–periphery tension, with Spanish hypothetically occupying the role of supercentral language and all the other Iberian languages – except for Portuguese – serving as satellites. The gravitational model also predicts a very small direct interrelation among the satellites of a system. Accordingly, Spain’s peripheral languages would not be related to one another directly, but rather through the intermediation of Spanish; that is to say, the majority of translations from Catalan into Galician, or into Basque and other peripheral languages, would imply a previous translation into the central language. By studying a comprehensive corpus from Catalan literature translated into other Iberian languages (1900–2015), this chapter seeks to verify the hypothesis of the gravitational model. The analysis carried out allows us to conclude that, following the model, literary works do indeed gain access to the international literary market when they have first been translated into Spanish.
Estima de Oliveira’s Otoño En Pequín: Genetic Translation Approaches to Poetic Authorship
Authors: Nunes Ariadne , Pinto Marta Pacheco
Published: January 2022

On the occasion of the second International Poetry Festival of Las Palmas (Gran Canaria, 1998), the Portuguese poet Alberto Estima de Oliveira (1934–2008) published a booklet titled Otoño en Pequín, whose Spanish poems were later published in Portuguese in Mesopotâmia – espaço que criei (2003). The Portuguese version bears no peritextual reference to the former Spanish booklet, which does not mention any act of translation either; the two sets of poems do, however, bear close textual affinities that make it easy to establish a translational link between them. In 1996 the poet had participated in the first of these Festivals representing Macau, with poems that were published in a Portuguese–English bilingual booklet, Fly. Based on the peritextual differences between Fly and Otoño en Pequín, the chapter argues that the choice of Spanish as the language of publication underlies the assumption that Portuguese and Spanish partake in the same cultural contact zone: the Iberian literary system. Following a genetic approach, the chapter discusses whether the fact of Otoño en Pequín partaking in the Iberian literary system has determined the de facto invisibility of both translator and translation.
Catalan and Spanish Drama in Contact (1890–1939)
Authors: Gallén Enric , Gibert Miquel M.
Published: January 2022

From the end of the nineteenth century to the first three decades of the twentieth century, the will to modernize Catalan literature favoured the translation of contemporary Spanish drama from Galdós to Casona into Catalan, and its performance. In the same period, some Catalan authors such as Àngel Guimerà, Santiago Rusiñol, and Josep M. de Sagarra were translated into Spanish and also performed on stages in Madrid. However, the exchange that took place between both Iberian dramas received a heavy blow with the establishment of Franco’s dictatorship in 1939. While emphasizing the importance of cultural promoters, playwrights, translators, and critics for contact between Catalan and Spanish drama, this chapter studies the presence of the latter in literary and dramatic collections translated into Catalan and, in turn, that of Catalan drama in the same type of collection translated into Spanish during a time marked by an unusually fruitful ‘complicity’ between both theatrical scenes.
Introduction
Authors: Perry Matt
Published: January 2022

The introduction makes the case that 1919 is an exceptional year and that there is a need to re-examine this year as a contest threshold of peace that neither of the two traditional historiographical approaches—the high political approach centred on Versailles peace-making nor the challenge of labour—adequately capture. The introduction surveys new trends in the historical literature and makes the case for the profound distinctiveness of this year both in terms of the chosen themselves of the book namely global contestation from below along gender, class and colour lines and in wider contexts as well not least in the worlds of science, the arts and epidemiologically in terms of the ‘Spanish Flu’.
Sylvia Pankhurst in 1919
Authors: Srivastava Neelam
Published: January 2022

Sylvia Pankhurst is better known for her connections to the suffragette movement than for her role in the establishment of the British Communist Party and her lifelong commitment to anti-colonial causes, most notably her enduring support for Ethiopia against Italy’s invasion in 1935. This chapter looks at Pankhurst’s “press activism” around the year 1919, in order to understand better the internationalism that flourished in the interwar period, of which Pankhurst was a notable representative. In 1917, Pankhurst renamed her feminist broadsheet, the Women’s Dreadnought, The Workers’ Dreadnought, as part of her increasing sympathy for Communism; she had previously made a radical split with mainstream suffragette activism, which she felt let down working-class women. Pankhurst was one of the first white editors to publish black writers, and in her broadsheet Claude McKay wrote critiques of socialism’s blindness to the racism among its associates. The Workers’ Dreadnought stood out among other radical newsheets for its distinctly internationalist viewpoint. In 1919, Pankhurst also became a foreign correspondent for Gramsci’s Communist journal, L’Ordine Nuovo. She is distinctive among her contemporary comrades for her insight that struggles for gender, class and racial equality could not be separated from one another and needed to be tackled together, thus always placing herself at the radical fringes of any political movement that she decided to join.
1919: Opportunities and Constraints for Women Activists
Authors: Cross Máire Fedelma
Published: January 2022

In 1919 international conferences attended by women were significant for activists Marie-Louise Puech and Hannah Sheehy Skeffington who had little political space in their home countries. In France conservative upper house denied women the suffrage even though the bill for that reform had finally got through the lower house. In Ireland 1919 the year when women voted and took their seats in the first Dáil, the Irish would-be independent parliamentary Chamber, violence erupted once more when the War of independence resumed. I shall compare the experiences of the two women who were delegates at international events to examine what they made of their opportunities and how they networked to overcome restrictions.
1919
Authors: Kirk Tim
Published: January 2022

In April 1919 hundreds of unemployed workers and war veterans took to the streets of Vienna, stormed the parliament building, and attempted to set it on fire. The crowd was dispersed by the police and units of Austria’s revolutionary army (Volkswehr), but the insurgents regrouped and took the to the streets again in June in a putsch attempt that was also suppressed. These events came at a critical point in the history of the republic and shaped the politics of the 1920s. Communists had seized power in both Bavaria and Hungary, and the Austrian labour leadership had come under intense pressure to lead the country in a more radical direction. They also reveal the peculiar and precarious position in which Austria found itself in the wake of the First World War: ‘the state that nobody wanted’, perceived as an economically ‘unviable’ rump of the Habsburg empire, but denied national self-determination through union with the Weimar Republic. The Social Democratic Workers’ Party came under similar pressures, both from the Entente, and from counter-revolutionary forces at home, and was compelled to work with the dispossessed elites of the Habsburg Empire. This chapter examines the response of labour leaders and Austro-Marxist intellectuals in the spring and summer of 1914 to the political problems they faced and the ways in which the outcome of the crisis determined the course of political developments in inter-war Austria.
The General Strike of July 1919
Authors: Perazzoli Jacopo
Published: January 2022

Wilson's and Lenin's internationalism, two supranational approaches that emerged during and following World War I, had a large influence on the European socialist and social-democratic parties that were once members of the Second International. In line with this statement, which has been widely accepted by historians, this chapter aims to suggest a new interpretative key: it attempts to explain how Wilsonian and Leninist influences were actually present within Italian Socialism (to the point of coexisting in certain cases).
In order to explore such thesis, which on a historiographic level is destined to reconsider the traditional interpretation of “Wilson versus Lenin” and to ensure both a comparative and transnational approach, the chapter will analyse the general strike of July 1919 and the positions within the Italian Left. On that occasion, in fact, socialist and communist militants took to the streets in support of Russian and Hungarian communists and against the armed intervention of the “white” forces in that area. Given this approach, the chapter will understand to what extent the two models, although pursuing different objectives, managed to coexist, thus representing two distinct responses to the crisis of the traditional nation-state.
Based on an extensive scrutinizing of primary sources, this chapter will show a specific purpose: launching a new historiographical reinterpretation able to analyse the two models not as opposed to each other but considering them, in some cases, as co-existing. That is precisely because they were a product of the Great War and because both Wilsonianism and Leninism aimed to avoid new war escalations similar to World War I.
The Hatch
Authors: Cherry Brigid
Published: January 2022

Chapter 2 analyses the neo-baroque aesthetic of Lost, particularly the narrative’s organization around games and game play. The discussion of the perpetuated hermeneutic and hyperdiegesis in chapter 1 is extended into a directed analysis of the narrative puzzles found in the text of Lost. Specifically, this is discussed in the context of the neo-baroque aesthetics of the postmodern television series. As an example of the neo-baroque, Lost not only interweaves multiple plot threads that continue over many episodes and even whole seasons, but it frequently presents these in a highly fragmented way. In presenting an analysis of Lost’s fragmented narrative, this chapter also addresses the affective engagements this facilitates as the narrative demands the active engagement of an audience familiar with past episodes, enabling the viewer to recognize the virtuosity of the series in constructing a multi-layered narrative. Further, this is discussed in terms of transmedia storytelling, with engaged viewers being required to co-ordinate multiple interrelated plot fragments across different media paratexts.
The Warren Files, or “Based on a True Story”
Authors: Wetmore Kevin J.
Published: January 2022

The second chapter considers how the film was marketed as being based in reality and rooted in the Warrens’ identity as the nation’s preeminent paranormal investigators. The chapter compares Ed and Lorraine Warren with their fictional counterparts. It then argues that The Conjuring also maintains
its veneer of “reality” by employing techniques from and references to paranormal investigations on television and film, wearing its religion on its sleeve while obscuring the
genuine religious inaccuracies within the film, and using the bad witch trope despite all historic evidence against it. The Conjuring does not so much use and present reality as
employ popular culture’s versions of reality (and ghosts, religion and witches) in order to craft a horrific, scary narrative.
WORK / CONSUME / DIE: ‘The years I’ve spent, trying to get all the things I was told were important, that I was supposed to want’
Authors: Conolly Jez , Westwood Emma
Published: January 2022

Positions the film as emblematic of the hopeless and inescapable lifecycle that binds individuals into The American Dream. Draws comparisons to Billy Wilder’s The Apartment. Looks at the politics of Seconds, especially related to the McCarthy era blacklisting of actors and the assassination of Robert Kennedy.
Paranoia and Perception
Authors: Carr Jeremy
Published: January 2022

Reflecting and affecting her fears, the Kensington flat Carol shares with Helen is a palpable expression of dread, realized primarily in Polanski’s illustrative production design. The apartment appears in a perpetual state of flux, with malleable walls, spatial extensions, and a cumulative disarray that parallels Carol’s debilitating breakdown. As Carol moves carefully and woefully from room to room, traversing the hallways with petrified trepidation, external noises signal a peripheral life outside, while inside, ticking clocks, buzzing flies, and harassing phone calls form aural reminders of an animated domestic space, strengthening the abstract ambiance of her torment. Polanski’s camera scans Repulsion’s interiors in a visual establishment of relevant decor, often enlisted alongside tactile, abject textures and revolting objects like bloodstained floors, rotting potatoes, and a decaying rabbit, the head of which finds its way to Carol’s handbag, prompting the public revelation of her private disturbance. While this attention to tangible detail recalls The Tenant (1976), where Polanski’s main character obsesses over clothes and trinkets and such grotesque items as a tooth stuck in a wall, signifying precursors to his mental fissure, this chapter will also consider the Polanski-esque pattern of a few characters in one combustible location.
Sprightly Dance and Other Measured Motion
Authors: Tontiplaphol Betsy Winakur
Published: January 2022

Chapter 1 argues that Wordsworth’s poetics are indebted to his encounters with ballet’s newly expressive, or emotionally narrative, manifestations in both France and England during the 1790s. In the final decades of the eighteenth century, Jean-Georges Noverre reinvented the ballet de cour as the ballet d’action—that is, transformed ballet from a subcategory of courtly pageantry to a pantomimic, storytelling art; in his autobiographical Prelude, Wordsworth describes having danced with a “blithe company” of French patriots during the (Noverre-indebted) Festival of the Federation and, later in England, having enjoyed “shifting pantomimic scenes” at Sadler’s Wells. Those experiences were formative for Wordsworth, a prolific walker, and the chapter evaluates Wordsworth’s Noverre-esque tendency to affiliate stepping with feeling, to associate moving (i.e. walking) feet with moving (i.e. emotionally engaging) art. It considers, in addition to The Prelude, the ballet-evocative themes and forms in Wordsworth’s lyric, especially “I wandered lonely as a cloud.”
Introduction
Authors: Bercaw Edwards Mary K.
Published: January 2022

An often-overlooked element of the shipboard world in which sea literature takes place is its strikingly oral discourse. Many 19th-century sailors could not read, and even those who could had little access to printed texts. Instead, they created and perpetuated a rich oral culture. Writers such as Melville, Conrad, and London understood the ocean not only in aesthetic, literary, and intellectual terms but also kinesthetically. The knowledge of the sea and seafaring that these sailor-authors gained kinesthetically, and often unconsciously, is reflected in their writing—but in a shorthand rooted in their familiarity with the spoken world of sailors. Sailor talk is by its very nature ephemeral, making it difficult to extract from the historical record. But we can recover such talk to a surprisingly large extent from letters, journals, newspapers, and orally transmitted forms such as song and folklore. Sailor talk offers cultural significance as well as specific literal meaning. Mariners were the first Europeans to interact with indigenous people around the world. When they returned to their home countries, they discussed these experiences—and their speech became the medium of cultural exchange, especially within port cities.
Afterword
Authors: Bercaw Edwards Mary K.
Published: January 2022

Sailor talk is far more than nautical terminology or technical language. At times specific, at times nuanced, it engages with and intersects other forms of language. An understanding of sailor talk adds layers of meaning to the works of Herman Melville, Joseph Conrad, and Jack London. Yet these layered meanings of sailor talk are difficult for non-sailors to recover. Few modern-day readers have had the chance to sail on the open sea and fewer still the chance to work aloft on a square-rigger. How might one otherwise acquire sufficient insight and experience to more wholly incorporate a fuller understanding of this language into a literary analysis of Melville’s, Conrad’s, and London’s works? This short afterword suggests primary and secondary written works and field recordings and other audio works to create a “toolkit.” It also offers various forms of experiential learning to gain a kinesthetic understanding of the seafaring world, even far from the ocean.
Creating the TGWU 1920–22
Authors: Davis Mary , Foster John
Published: January 2022

The syndicalist vision of ‘One Big Union’ resulted in the more limited project, led by Bevin, of the amalgamation of 22 road transport dock and waterway unions to form the TGWU. This chapter examines the process of amalgamation set against the impact of the economic downturn which resulted in high rates of unemployment and an attack on wage rates in the staple industries, coal mining in particular. The inconclusive fight back in which the TGWU as part of the Triple Alliance, played a major role, was held responsible for the ‘Black Friday’ 1921 and the subsequent defeat of the miners.
The General Strike 1926
Authors: Davis Mary , Foster John
Published: January 2022

This chapter examines the operation of general strike and includes detailed regional and sectoral trade union responses to it, highlighting in particular the wholehearted involvement of the TGWU and Bevin’s initial enthusiastic supportive leadership. However, the chapter examines how after 9 days the TUC on the initiative of the NUR leader, J.H.Thomas, fell into a trap, and called off the strike on the false assumption indicated by the Samuel memorandum, of government involvement in securing a settlement. This was not forthcoming –TUC called off the strike without winning a single concession and the miners were defeated. Baldwin’s portrayed the strike as a constitutional challenge to State authority, encapsulated in the question: ‘Who rules Britain?’ TUC answered with a white flag.
The TGWU, Bevin and the Economic Crisis
Authors: Davis Mary , Foster John
Published: January 2022

This chapter deals with the union’s response to mass unemployment, the economic crisis and the failure of the labour government to make good on its election pledges- in particular its unwillingness to repeal the 1927 Trades Disputes Act. Thus trade union support for the MacDonald government waned Bevin’s alternative economic policy was based on Commonwealth tariff preference – this was attacked by the left. Bevin was also attacked for concentrating power in his own hands and for his industrial relation strategy based on an accommodation with capital. Under the control of Bevin and Citrine, the Daily Herald was transformed into a mass circulation paper, published by Odhams Press.
Henry Vaughan and the Church
Authors: Wilcher Robert
Published: January 2022

This chapter discusses Vaughan’s response to the destruction of the Church of England and the replacement of the Book of Common Prayer with a Puritan Directory of Public Worship. During the 1650s, when the Act for the Propagation of the Gospel in Wales resulted in the ejection of orthodox clergy and the closure of many churches in South Wales, Vaughan contributed to the movement known as Anglican survivalism, promoted by Jeremy Taylor. The chapter shows how Vaughan’s literary activities between 1650 and 1655 were designed to resist Puritan hypocrisy and oppression and to support an Anglican community deprived of sacred buildings and public worship.
Henry Vaughan and the Scriptures
Authors: Wilcher Robert
Published: January 2022

This chapter discusses the variety of ways in which Vaughan employed borrowings from the bible, exploring the reasons for the belated critical interest in this aspect of his practice and for his employment of different translations, including the Vulgate, the Geneva Bible, and the Authorized Version. His careful collation of biblical texts in a search for the correct meaning is contrasted with Puritan claims to the certainty of direct inspiration. His use of the adapted form of typology developed during the Reformation to forge parallels between the Scriptures and contemporary experience, both personal and political, is also demonstrated. Scriptural phrases and allusions are shown to play an even more important role in his poetry than his borrowings from George Herbert.
Henry Vaughan and the Practice of Poetry
Authors: Wilcher Robert
Published: January 2022

This chapter notes that early critics expressed distaste for Vaughan’s use of metaphysical conceits, disjointed rhythms and imperfect rhymes; and it explores the more nuanced approaches to these features of his style that were developed during the twentieth century. Examples from his secular and his religious poetry are analysed to demonstrate his mastery of iambic metres in both couplets and quatrains; the significance for his rhymes of Welsh pronunciation and of the bardic system of consonantal echo known as proest is explained; his use of the Welsh poetic form of dyfalu is illustrated; and his virtuoso management of complex stanzas is discussed. Detailed analyses confirm his ability to sustain poems in regular forms and attention is drawn to his experiments with irregular ‘organic form’.
Epilogue
Authors: Wilcher Robert
Published: January 2022

This brief afterword explains the reasons for dividing the book into two equal parts, the first devoted to the historical contexts in which Vaughan lived and wrote and the second to aspects of his verbal artistry. It is recognized, however, that this binary structure belies the complex relationship between experience and art. The two sets of five chapters are intended to be mutually supportive, so that the historical detail that illuminates the genesis, meaning, and purpose of Vaughan’s literary texts becomes the contextual groundwork for the subsequent exercises in critical analysis.
Introduction
Authors: Leverette Tru
Published: January 2022

This introduction to the volume begins by tracing a common image within the iconography of social justice movements, the raised fist, and argues that the symbols, aesthetics, and practices of contemporary movements are often rooted in earlier eras, demonstrating a continuity of image and effort against oppression. Before turning to the collection’s exploration of revolutionary art from the late 1960s and 1970s Black Arts movement (BAM), the introduction discusses contemporary antiracist activism and its rootedness in that earlier moment, specifically in BAM’s “sister movement” of Black Power.
Humor in Hue
Authors: Frederick II Nathaniel , Schulte William
Published: January 2022

The Black Arts movement developed as a counterpart to the Black Power Movement in the 1960s and 1970s, and African American cartoonists incorporated Afrocentric themes in their work. The most prominent periodical during the Black Arts movement was Black World magazine. Formerly called Negro Digest, Black World featured original essays, short stories, poetry, and cartoons. This chapter discusses how gag cartoons in Black World from 1970 to 1976 featured intra-racial and interracial commentary between African American and White characters that affirmed, criticized, and challenged racial assumptions. The humor in these gag cartoons reflect a shift in racial class and gender attitudes during the Black Power and Black Arts movements. The chapter includes commentary from cartoonists featured in the magazine who were in a dominant position as creators of images that challenged racial assumptions and interrogated the signs, symbols and substance of the Black Arts movement.
Fighting the Wrongheaded Doppelgänger
Authors: Ludwig Sämi
Published: January 2022

In Ishmael Reed’s work, the Black Arts movement’s drive for cultural self-determination manifests itself as a matter of representational politics. This paper argues that there is a striking consistency in Reed’s vision, from his early fiction to his latest essays, in his continuous efforts to free the image of African Americans from racist appropriations. This manifests itself both in
his playful satire and in his angry footnoted prose. Special attention is given to doubling and the appropriation of one’s image (“etheric double”) by powerful outside forces—an issue which connects media, power, money, and Neo-HooDoo conjuring.
Reed’s transition from celebrated postmodern “fabulator” to iconoclastic opinionator at the same time invites a criticism of postmodern philosophy and its formalist celebration of negativity, which is exposed as autistic in its disempowering denial of referentiality and experiential reality.
Being Alive. Being a Woman. Being Colored
Authors: Kendrick Erin
Published: January 2022

This chapter discusses the dilemma faced by black female visual and performance artists Faith Ringgold, Barbara Jones-Hogu, Dindga McCannon and Ntozake Shange – at the height of the Black Arts movement. It is questioned that if the goal of the Black Arts movement was to reclaim and redefine what it was to be black in America - was it propagated at the expense of black women's mental, physical, and emotional health? The chapter chronicles the efforts of each of these black women artists to use their works of art to center their authentic lived experiences collectively and individually as a vehicle for critical thought and critique, policy change, and inclusion. Lastly, writer Erin Kendrick, discusses how the contributions of these black women artists created an opportunity for both self-discovery and self-preservation in her own contemporary body of work.
Conclusion
Authors: Leverette Tru
Published: January 2022

This conclusion offers a summation to the collection, noting that the chapters therein investigate the aesthetic and ideological currents of the Black Arts movement and demonstrate that it was a nuanced and complex sociopolitical and artistic endeavor. It also acknowledges that the chapters bear witness to the fact that the concerns of the BAM are not far removed from our contemporary concerns regarding race, class, gender, and other social justice issues. Thus, it draws parallels between that earlier moment and our contemporary era.
Exile, Métissage, and Family Estrangement in Kim Lefèvre’s Autobiographical Narratives
Authors: Wimbush Antonia
Published: January 2022

Chapter Two discusses exile and family estrangement in Franco-Vietnamese author Kim Lefèvre’s two autofictional works, Métisse blanche (1989) and Retour à la saison des pluies (1990). It examines the métissage, or mixed-race identity, of the narrator Kim. For key postcolonial thinkers such as François Lionnet and François Vergès, métissage is a dynamic process of opposition against static markers of identity. Yet Kim and those around her espouse the French colonial thinking which equates métissage with inferiority. Kim considers it a problematic, disruptive state which causes her geographic and metaphorical exile, both as a child in Vietnam, and as an adult in France. Examining the colonial dimensions of Lefèvre’s gendered exile within her family sets up a discussion of how the other authors deconstruct colonial paradigms and work within a new, postcolonial framework.
Historical Beginnings
Authors: Aleksiun Natalia
Published: January 2022

This chapter focuses on the foundations of the study of Polish Jewish history in the second half of the nineteenth-century. It argues that modern interest in Jewish history in Poland emerged at a time of acute political crisis, as members of the Polish elite studied the rise of Poland as a regional power in the early modern period and its subsequent collapse at the end of the eighteenth century. The chapter examines the emergence of scholarly writing on the history of Jews in the Polish lands and the ideas that drove the development of this new field. It tracks the ways in which non-Jewish Polish writers such as Tadeusz Czacki, Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, and Władysław Smoleński engaged with the subject of the Jewish past in the Polish lands. The chapter demonstrates how their programmes, questions, and biases spurred Polish Jewish authors, such as Aleksander Kraushar and Ludwik Gumplowicz, to bring a historical dimension to their public discussions about the place of the Jews in the Polish lands and to their agenda for recasting Jewish relations with the surrounding society.
Becoming Polish Mainstream
Authors: Aleksiun Natalia
Published: January 2022

This chapter traces the trajectories of Jewish scholars in the aftermath of the First World War. It narrates how scholarship by Bałaban, Schiper, Schorr, Mahler, and Ringelblum, among others, crafted a Polish Jewish communal narrative that offered the approximately three million Jewish citizens in the new Polish state a unified sense of their past in the Polish lands. These Jewish historians shared the belief that history was a crucial tool for the work of answering questions arising in the current situation, as well as for achieving the aspirations of the Jews in the new Polish nation. History provided a model for Jewish cultural autonomy as well as for inter-ethnic relations. The chapter investigates the struggle of these Jewish historians to get their scholarship included in the broader Polish historiography and examines the difficulties they encountered as Jews in their professional lives. It also examines whether Jewish students who entered the universities became part of the country's historical guild, or whether they were forced to create a parallel system of academic institutions.
The Performance of Miscellany in Variety Concerts, 1700–1711
Authors: DeSimone Alison C.
Published: January 2022

Chapter 1 explores how performers used early public concerts to promote themselves as versatile musicians. In a period before audiences expected and prized concert homogeneity, performers strategically used miscellany at these events in order to appeal to as broad an audience as possible.
The Pawn’s Gambit
Authors: Nemmers Adam
Published: January 2022

The mutually beneficial patron/artist relationship of the period is examined by Adam Nemmers in “The Pawn’s Gambit: Black Writers, White Patrons, and the Harlem Renaissance.” With a particular focus on Zora Neale Hurston, Nemmers analyzes literature of the Harlem Renaissance through both racial and postcolonial lenses, providing a necessary correction to narratives that portray African American authors as pawns in a white man’s game, when the obverse was just as often true. As Nemmers argues, the interaction between white godparents and black godchildren, as patron Charlotte Osgood Mason termed them, was a hidden yet powerful force in “editing” the written work of the Harlem Renaissance before it ever reached publishers, much less readers. In sum, as patronage was such an essential component of literary production during this period, analysis of its editorial impact on the works produced thereof enlightens our understanding of the movement and its writers.
INFLUENCE OF LOCAL DISPLACEMENTS AND STRESSES ON COMBINED STRING STRUCTURE
Authors: Beivydas Edmundas
Published: January 2022

The article discusses the combined string construction of a single span. 2 load methods are analyzed when the structure is loaded with a distributed load and when the structure is loaded with concentrated loads on the struts. The stresses and displacements caused by such loading methods are given. The effect of prestressing caused by the distributed load and local deflections in the string is discussed in more detail. It is assumed that the additional stresses caused by local displacements under constant load can be treated as prestressing. To confirm the assumption, 2 loading methods are compared: when the structure is loaded with concentrated loads and the string is subjected to additional prestressing; when the structure is subjected to a distributed load without additional prestressing.
We're All Vermin : Tactical Predation, Interspecies Media Arts and Perspectivism
Authors: Konior Bogna
Published: January 2022

This article considers 'perspectivism' as described by Viveiros de Castro and Willerslev as a lens for discussing interspecies media arts. In what way could we think about 'personhood' in order for the proposition of 'nonhuman persons' to make sense, while escaping the determinism of
colloquial anthropomorphism, where humans simply project some idea of themselves onto others? How could this in turn inform our interpretation of interspecies art in urban spaces? The ethically controversial art of Japanese collective Chim↑ Pom, who break into Fukushima 'no-go' zones,
capture and kill rats, and lure flock of scavenger crows out of their hiding spots, creates situations where humans and animals relate to each other within a predatory loop of damage and toxicity; a perspectivism for the era of urban waste. The article further raises questions about the historical
context of these artworks: post-nuclear spaces, alien and invasive species, and 'the Anthropocene.' Unlike stereotypical 'green art,' Chim↑ Pom's work grasps human-animal relationships through the lens of animosity, where personalisation and ethics are rooted in conflict. Reading their
art through an unusual parallel with animist hunting practices that form the basis of 'traditional' perspectivism, the article reflects on these asymmetrically related but proximate frameworks and the current revival of scholarly interest in animism.
The Influence of E-learning Behavior on Students’ Learning Performance of Disaster Emergency Knowledge
Authors: Zou Yixuan , Shen Laijin , Dadparvar Shabnam
Published: January 2022

E-learning has advantages of huge learning resources, enthusiastic learners, friendly interaction and flexible space-time, especially, the large-scale application of many new educational technologies makes e-learning possible. Based on the theory of deconstruction program behavior and task technology fit model, four assumptions of e-learning behavior’s influence on learning performance of students’ disaster emergency knowledge were put forward from two aspects, namely the individual factors (self-efficacy), information literacy and environmental factors (technical characteristics, and promote conditions), the PLS (partial least squares) method was used to carry out regression analysis of affecting factors. Results show that the Cronbach’s ɑ values of the questionnaire are all greater than 0.8, indicating that the measurement indexes have high reliability. AVE (average variance extracted) values of all latent variables are greater than the threshold level of 0.5, showing good aggregation validity. The square root of AVE value is greater than correlation coefficient of each latent variable, and the discrimination validity is good. Information literacy, technical characteristics and facilitation conditions have a positive and significant impact on learning performance of students adopting e-learning of disaster emergency knowledge. The conclusions provide practical suggestions and opinions for enriching the analysis of learning behavior under the e-learning environment, depicting the characteristics of students’ e-learning behavior.
Internet addiction and criminal phenomenology: an insight on the Social Networking Sites addiction and the online death games
Authors: Colombo Claudia , Calderaro Monica
Published: January 2022

With the advent of the virtual world as the counterpart of our daily lives, several concerns emerged. The following paper will focus on the iGeneration, a fragile social group grown up between the online and the offline world, and its chances to develop a technology addiction. Secondly, an insight on the illustrative and extreme scenario of the Blue Whale Challenge, a death challenge emerged on social networking sites, its implications and connection with the real world.
Sclerostin Inhibition
Authors: Aditya Suruchi , Rattan Aditya
Published: January 2022

Osteoporosis, a widespread skeletal disorder with a substantial economic load, is characterized by increased porosity of the bones resulting in vulnerability to fractures. When activated, the canonical Wnt signaling pathway results in osteoblastogenesis and bone formation. A Wnt ligand forms a complex with low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 5 and 6 (Lrp5/6) and stimulates intracellular signaling cascades, leading to nuclear translocation of β-catenin and transcription of downstream molecules involved in osteoblast differentiation, maturation, and survival. Sclerostin (SOST), a glycoprotein produced by osteocytes, is an extracellular Wnt antagonist that blocks the binding of Wnt ligands to Lrp5/6, preventing the activation of the pathway and osteoblast-mediated bone formation subsequently. Inhibition of SOST represents a new therapeutic paradigm for the treatment of osteoporosis. Monoclonal antibodies to SOST include romosozumab, blosozumab, and setrusumab. With its unique dual effect of increasing bone formation (anabolic action) and decreasing bone resorption, the Food and Drug Administration approved romosozumab, a promising new treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Its efficacy and safety have been established in trials. However, patients at high risk of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events should not be prescribed romosozumab.
Relationship between Osteoporosis, Multiple Fractures, and Egg Intake in Healthy Elderly
Authors: Pujia Roberta , Ferro Yvelise , Maurotti Samantha , Mare Rosario , Arturi Franco , Montalcini Tiziana , Pujia Arturo , Mazza Elisa
Published: January 2022

Context:

The role of dietary patterns in the prevention of osteoporosis has been investigated in many studies, but few have examined the association between consumption of specific food and whole-body (WB) bone mineral density (BMD). Recent evidence suggests that whole eggs contain bioactive compounds that could have beneficial effects on BMD. BMD is also expressed as the T-score, which is used for the clinical diagnosis of osteoporosis and to evaluate the effectiveness of drugs.

Aims:

We conducted a study to assess the association between eggs consumption and bone density in a population of the elderly.

Settings and Design:

This cross-sectional study included 176 individuals of both genders and aged ≥65 years.

Subjects and Methods:

Egg intake was ascertained by a combination of dietary intake assessment, and a dual X-ray absorptiometry scan was performed to measure WB T-score.

Results:

In our study, among all the food groups and nondietary factors evaluated, we find a positive association between the WB T-score and egg consumption (B = 0.02; P = 0.02), gender (B = 0.85; P < 0.001), and body mass index (B = 0.04; P = 0.03). Multiple fractures were associated with the daily intake of eggs (B = [FIGURE DASH]0.26; P = 0.02) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (B = 0.09; P = 0.03).

Conclusions:

This study provides novel evidence of a positive link between whole egg consumption and bone health. If results observed in this study will be confirmed through future randomized controlled trials, whole eggs may represent a viable strategy to prevent osteoporosis and reduce the risk of fractures in the elderly.
The Addition of Active Stretching to Balance Strategy Exercise is the Most Effective as a Home-Based Exercise Program in Improving the Balance of the Elderly
Authors: Vittala Govinda , Sundari Luh Putu Ratna , Basuki Nur , Kuswardhani R. A. Tuty , Purnawati Susy , Muliarta I Made
Published: January 2022

Background:

The decreased balance in the elderly increases the risk of falling. An effective type of exercise is needed to improve balance for the elderly.

Aims:

The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the effectiveness of adding active stretching with dynamic stretching to balance strategy exercise as a home-based exercise program in improving the balance for the elderly.

Participants and Methods:

This research was a randomized control trial. The participants were 36 elderly selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, divided into three groups. Group 1 was given dynamic stretching exercises to balance strategy exercises, Group 2 was assigned active stretching exercises to balance strategy exercise, and Group 3 was given balance strategy exercise only as a control group. Each group was given different exercises three times a week for 6 weeks. The balance ability of the elderly is measured using a Berg balance scale (BBS).

Results:

The mean difference scores of BBS before and after exercise with paired sample t-test increased in both groups with P < 0.05. It means that all groups had a significant impact, where the highest different score is in Group 2. The one-way ANOVA test showed a significant difference in the average posttest BBS value between the groups. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by the LSD post hoc test, where the results showed that all groups have significant differences against other groups (P < 0.05), with the best group being Group 2.

Conclusion:

According to the results, the addition of active stretching exercise to the balance strategy exercise as a home-based exercise program is the most effective in improving balance for the elderly.
Natural Acquired Immunity to Malaria Antigens among Pregnant Women with Hemoglobin C Trait
Authors: Lopez-Perez Mary , Viwami Firmine , Doritchamou Justin , Ndam Nicaise Tuikue , Hviid Lars
Published: January 2022

Hemoglobin C is the second most common structural hemoglobinopathy in Africa, and carriers have a reduced risk of severe malaria. However, the effect of HbAC on the antibody response to malaria antigens in pregnancy has not been studied. Here, we measured PfEMP1-specific antibodCLUR in plasma samples from 74 Beninese pregnant women with either HbAA or HbAC. IgG-mediated inhibition of VAR2CSA+ infected erythrocytes adhesion to chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) was also tested. PfEMP1-specific IgG levels to VAR2CSA were significantly lower in HbAC women, suggesting less exposure to VAR2CSA. In contrast, the percentage of VAR2CSA+-infected erythrocytes adhesion to CSA was not different between HbAA and HbAC women. Moreover, IgG levels to PfEMP1 variants associated with severe malaria were not significantly different between groups. The findings indicate similar exposure to Plasmodium falciparum parasites expressing PfEMP1 variants causing severe malaria, and justify more comprehensive studies of hemoglobinopathy-related qualitative and quantitative differences in PfEMP1-specific antibody responses.
Rework Practices Used During Milk Processing: An Industry Survey
Authors: Rush Casey E. , Meunier-Goddik Lisbeth , Waite-Cusic Joy G.
Published: January 2022

Rework is a common practice in the dairy industry for processors to minimize waste while recovering costs from products that are unsaleable. Regulations related to reworking fluid dairy products are focused on product safety; however, rework in the fluid milk industry and its implications for product quality have not been previously investigated. Our objectives were to characterize current industry practices for reworking fluid dairy products and identify scenarios that could contribute to reduced product quality, particularly microbial spoilage. Seven commercial fluid milk processors from the Pacific Northwest were interviewed regarding their rework handling practices. Processors used various terms (rework, reclaim, and rerun) to describe specific product recovery, storage, and reprocessing procedures. Processors reported nine typical rework motivations, with reclaim and packaging problems the most common; however, rework also played an important role in handling special circumstances. Milk products were reworked as soon as 3 days after production up to the code date (21 days) at dilution rates of ≤20% rework to ≥80% fresh product. Rework conditions with the potential to influence product quality or shelf life of milk products were identified.
Análise de repetição de exames em radiologia convencional
Authors: Freitas Artur , Pereira José Manuel
Published: January 2022

Introdução: A Radiologia Convencional é o método de primeira linha no diagnóstico de diversas patologias e avaliação da anatomia. A repetição de exames relaciona-se com o não cumprimento de critérios de boa realização que resultem em ausência/insuficiência de valor diagnóstico. A diminuição da taxa de repetição representa um fator importante na área da radiologia e da saúde comunitária, contribuindo para a diminuição da dose recebida pelos doentes e profissionais de saúde. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi determinar os exames de radiologia convencional mais suscetíveis de serem repetidos pelos técnicos de radiologia, e causas associadas.

Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo analítico, observacional e transversal. Os dados foram colhidos através da aplicação online de um inquérito por questionário aos participantes no estudo. A população em estudo consistiu em técnicos de radiologia portugueses, licenciados em radiologia ou imagem médica e radioterapia, a exercer funções em Portugal ou no estrangeiro. Para o estudo de associações entre variáveis, utilizaram-se os testes estatísticos de Correlação de Pearson e Qui-quadrado da independência.

Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por 228 participantes, dos quais 176 (77,2%) do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 33.93 (±10.37) anos e tempo médio de experiência profissional de 10.58 (±10.34) anos. O exame ao joelho (61%) foi considerado pelos participantes como o mais provável de ser repetido, seguido do tórax (29.4%) e ombro (24.6%). Os participantes apontaram como erro técnico mais comum o posicionamento incorreto, sendo a não colaboração do doente, o principal fator preditor de erro técnico. Observou-se uma correlação negativa de fraca amplitude entre o tempo de experiência dos profissionais e a frequência com que repetem exames radiológicos.

Conclusão: Os exames realizados ao joelho, ombro e tórax, são aqueles que apresentam maior taxa de repetição, sendo o erro mais comum o posicionamento incorreto do doente. O fator que mais contribui para o erro é a não colaboração do doente. Os participantes realçam a necessidade do desenvolvimento de programas de formação contínua e a introdução de pequenas pausas durante os turnos.