bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consumption and Performance: Understanding Longitudinal Dynamics of Recommender Systems via an Agent-Based Simulation Framework
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Adomavicius Gediminas , Gupta Alok , Ketter Wolfgang
Published: March 2020

We develop a general-purpose agent-based simulation and modeling approach to analyze how user–recommender interactions affect recommender systems in the long run. Our explorations show that, over time, user–recommender interactions consistently lead to the longitudinal performance paradox of recommender systems. In particular, users’ reliance on recommendations, while helping users discover relevant items, actually hurts the future diversity of items that are recommended and consumed as well as slows down the system’s learning pace (i.e., the rate of predictive accuracy improvement). We also demonstrate unique benefits of certain hybrid consumption strategies—that is, that take advantage of both popularity- and personalization-based recommendations—in facilitating improvements in consumption relevance over time. Because users’ consumption strategies can significantly influence the longitudinal performance of recommender systems, it is important for designers to analyze the histories of a system’s recommendations and users’ choices to infer and understand users’ consumption strategies. This would enable the system to anticipate users’ consumption behavior and strategically adjust the system’s parameters according to its long-term performance objectives.
Dilemmas in diagnosising and managing of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Morris David
Published: March 2020

David Morris examines two challenging case studies seen in primary care diabetes treatment
Unpaid carers and the disastrous impact of the lack of social care funding for dementia
Authors: Palmer Sarah Jane
Published: March 2020

Lack of government funding means that those living with dementia and their carers are struggling unnecessarily. Following research into the economic, physical and emotional impact of this, the Alzheimer's Society calls for financial commitment from the Conservative government. Sarah Jane Palmer explains
Developing the roles and responsibilities of ancillary personnel
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: March 2020

The role of ancillary personnel is often overlooked in recognising the provision of high-quality care. Adrian Ashurst acknowledges the importance of ancillary staff and their significant role in providing invaluable support to the care team
LA VISTA PUESTA EN ABISMO. JOHANN HEINRICH FÜSSLI, TRADUCTOR VISUAL
Authors: Arnaldo Javier
Published: March 2020

En el concepto de traducción “mítica”, acuñado por Novalis, aparece la instancia a una significativa “elevación estilística” en la práctica de la traducción. Según ese paradigma, la traducción aporta instrumentos eficientes de autocreación a la lengua que en ella se renueva. El trabajo artístico de Johann Heinrich Füssli, tan estrechamente ligado a la traducción visual de modelos literarios, no se basta con el entendimiento de la traducción como equivalente o espejo de un original; antes bien, coloca la traducción como reflejo puesto en abismo para la vista por un continuum creado. Un ideal infinitamente reflexivo reclama que la traducción proyecte sus actos como lo hace la vista en un enfrentamiento entre espejos. In the concept of 'mythical translation', coined by Novalis, there is a significant emergence of 'stylistic elevation' in the practice of translations. According to this paradigm, translations give efficient instruments of self-creation to the language that is renewed. The artistic work of Henry Fuseli, tightly linked to visual translation of literary models, does not conform to the understanding of translation as the equivalent or mirror of an original; on the contrary, it lays translation as a reflection placed in an abyss for the sight by a created continuum. An ideal infinitely reflective calls for translation to project its acts like the sight does when mirrors are facing each other.
Determination of 1-propanol, ethanol, and methanol concentrations in water based on a one-dimensional phoxonic crystal sensor
Authors: Shaban Samar M. , Mehaney Ahmed , Aly Arafa H.
Published: March 2020

In this research, the photonic and phononic response of one-dimensional multilayer phoxonic crystals (PxCs) with normal incident of electromagnetic and acoustic waves is discussed. The presented design can work as a highly sensitive sensor for measuring three binary alcohol/water mixtures (i.e., 1-propanol/water, ethanol/water, and methanol/water) for a wide range of concentrations. The PxC sensor is able to detect small changes in the refractive index and longitudinal sound velocity of the alcohol/water mixture with initially neglecting the acousto-optical interaction. The sensor design is a defective structure as [

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Use of infrared thermography to detect early alterations of peripheral perfusion: evaluation in a porcine model
Authors: Magnin Mathieu , Junot Stephane , Cardinali Martina , Ayoub Jean Yves , Paquet Christian , Louzier Vanessa , Garin Jeanne Marie Bonnet , Allaouchiche Bernard
Published: March 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the variations of infrared thermography according to rapid hemodynamic changes, by measuring the peripheral skin temperature in a porcine model. Eight healthy piglets were anesthetized and exposed to different levels of arterial pressure. Thermography was performed on the left forelimb to measure carpus and elbow skin temperature and their associated gradient with the core temperature. Changes in skin temperature in response to variations of blood pressure were observed. A negative correlation between arterial pressure and temperature gradients between peripheral and core temperature and a negative correlation between cardiac index and these temperature gradients were observed. Thermography may serve as a tool to detect early changes in peripheral perfusion.
Technique for magnetic moment reconstruction of laser-cooled atoms using direct imaging and prospects for measuring magnetic sublevel distributions
Authors: Carlse G. , Pouliot A. , Vacheresse T. , Carew A. , Beica H. C. , Winter S. , Kumarakrishnan A.
Published: March 2020

We describe a simple time-of-flight technique for measuring the magnetic moment of an optically pumped magneto-optical trap. The technique relies on free-expansion imaging of a cold atom cloud in a small magnetic field gradient without the need to detect spatial separation between magnetic sublevels. We find that the effective acceleration of the cloud can be used to characterize extreme state optical pumping. In the general case, we show that the integrated displacement of the falling cloud can be accurately modeled using rate equation simulations of magnetic sublevel populations, and knowledge of local magnetic fields, field gradients, and light intensities. The agreement between the model and the data allows the reconstruction of magnetic moments and suggests that this technique may be suitable for the measurement of population distributions over a range of optical pumping conditions.
Chromaticity-tunable white random lasing based on a microfluidic channel
Authors: Shi Xiaoyu , Bian Yaoxing , Tong Junhua , Liu Dahe , Zhou Jing , Wang Zhaona
Published: March 2020

The color and/or chromaticity controllability of random lasing is a key factor to promote practical applications of random lasers as high luminance sources for speckle-free imaging. Here, white coherent random lasing with tunable chromaticity is obtained by using broadband enhancement Au-Ag nanowires as scatterers and the resonance energy transfer process between different dyes in the capillary microfluidic channel. Red, green and blue random lasers are separately fabricated with low thresholds, benefiting from the plasmonic resonance of the nanogaps and/or nanotips with random distribution and sizes within Au-Ag nanowires and positive optical feedback provided by the capillary wall. A white random laser system is then designed through reorganizing the three random lasers. And, the chromaticity of the white random laser is flexibly tunable by adjusting pump power density. In addition, the white random laser has anisotropic spectra due to the coupling role between the lasers. This characteristic is then utilized to obtain different random lasing with different chromaticity over a broad visible range. The results may provide a basis for applying random laser in the field of high brightness illumination, biomedical imaging, and sensors.
Interaction of two guided-mode resonances in an all-dielectric photonic crystal for uniform SERS
Authors: Sabri Laaya , Shahabadi Mahmoud , Forooraghi Keyvan , Ghaffari-Miab Mohsen
Published: March 2020

For sensing and imaging applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), one needs a substrate with the capability of generating a consistent and uniform response and increased signal enhancement. To this goal, we propose a photonic-crystal (PC) structure capable of supporting large field enhancement due to its high quality-factor resonance. Moreover, we demonstrate that the interaction of two modes of this all-dielectric PC can provide an almost uniform field enhancement across the unit cell of the PC. This is of practical importance for SERS applications. The designed structure can support a maximum field enhancement of 70 and 97 percent of uniformity.
Tropical Curves and Covers and Their Moduli Spaces
Authors: Markwig Hannah
Published: March 2020

Tropical geometry can be viewed as an efficient combinatorial tool to study degenerations in algebraic geometry. Abstract tropical curves are essentially metric graphs, and covers of tropical curves maps between metric graphs satisfying certain conditions. In this short survey, we offer an introduction to the combinatorial theory of abstract tropical curves and covers of curves, and their moduli spaces, and we showcase three results demonstrating how this theory can be applied in algebraic geometry.
From a cross-cultural research to a film cross-analysis of Italian and American cultural generalizations and stereotypes: My Name is Tanino and Under the Tuscan Sun
Authors: Ciofalo Giovanni
Published: March 2020

This article develops from a wider inter-university research project that focused on the analysis of reciprocal forms of representation of United States and Italy within media industries, and proposes a cross-analysis of the filmsMy Name is Taninodirected by andUnder the Tuscan Sunby . The aim is to highlight how both films refer to cultural generalizations and stereotypes in regards to American and Italian cultures in a complementary way. To identify the recurring elements of the communicative frame, the article takes an approach based on the recognition ofhigh-contextandlow-contextstyles. Finally, to deepen the films’ shared logic of intercultural representation, this article proposes a further interpretative approach based on the Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS) (), useful in categorizing recurrent attitudes towards cultural differences such asdenial, minimization, defence, acceptance, integrationandadaptation.
Prescription of antibiotics as a source of emerging antibiotic resistance: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of medical staff in the Dassa-Glazoué and Savalou-Bantè's health zones (Benin, West Africa)
Authors: Dougnon Victorien , Chabi Yossounon , Koudokpon Hornel , Agbankpe Jerrold , Sefounon Richard , Alle Didier , Bankole Honoré , Baba-Moussa Lamine
Published: March 2020

Background and Aim: Antibiotics have been some great effective molecules against infections since their discovery. The excessive use and misuse of antibiotics have resulted in a selection of antibiotic-resistant strains. Among the reasons involved, the prescription of antibiotics can be important. The present study aimed to contribute to the reduction of antibiotic resistance due to the misuse of antibiotics.

Materials and Methods: A knowledge, attitude, and practice survey of health professionals from Savalou-Bante (230) and Dassa-Glazoué (100) health zones was performed about the prescription of antibiotics.

Results: About 53% of respondents in the health zone of Savalou-Bantè were assistant nursing and only 3% of them were specialized physicians. The other respondents were physicians (3%), midwives (10%), and nurses (31%). Forty-five percent of the respondents were nurses and only 5% of them were specialized physicians in Savalou-Bantè. However, all these health professionals prescribe antibiotics. The first-line antibiotics prescribed were penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides, aminoglycosides, and quinolones. These health professionals usually have no knowledge of the mechanism of action of these antibiotics. The antibiotics prescribed mostly were for ear, nose, and throat and upper respiratory infections (80% in Dassa-Glazoué and 79% in Savalou-Bantè). The most commonly used dosage form was tablets (58%) in the health zone of Savalou-Bantè and the injectable form in the sanitary zone of Dassa-Glazouè.

Conclusion: It is important to implement a policy of rational use of antibiotics to reduce the excessive and misuse of antibiotics and prevent antibiotic resistance.
Autoimmune Hepatitis Associated With Turmeric Consumption
Authors: Lee Brian S. , Bhatia Taruna , Chaya Charles T. , Wen Robert , Taira Mark T. , Lim Brian S.
Published: March 2020

Turmeric is a popular herbal dietary supplement that has been considered safe and even shown to have hepatoprotective properties. In the recent times, however, there have been a few case reports of turmeric-induced liver injury. We report a 55-year-old woman with chronic turmeric consumption whose initial diagnosis was acute autoimmune hepatitis. She declined steroid treatment, and hence, we recommended discontinuing her long-term turmeric usage. A month after discontinuation, her liver function returned to normal. This case demonstrates the importance of recognizing the potential adverse effects of herbal dietary supplement.
Overcoming the Challenge of Full-Thickness Resection of Gastric Lesions Using a Colonic Full-Thickness Resection Device
Authors: Fahmawi Yazan , Krutika Patel , Kumar Manoj , Merritt Lindsey , Mizrahi Meir
Published: March 2020

Endoscopic full-thickness resection device (FTRD) is a new and promising device for endoscopic full-thickness resection of gastrointestinal lesions. Limited data is available regarding its role in endoscopic full-thickness resection of upper gastrointestinal lesions compared with its well-studied role in colorectal lesions. Colonic FTRD is a preloaded device with a large cap which limits peroral insertion. A 49-year-old woman was referred to us for submucosal gastric lesion resection. Gradual dilatation of the upper esophagus was performed before successful advancement of the endoscope mounted with a FTRD system into the stomach. The lesion was successfully resected with no complications.
Hepatitis E Infection With Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Phan Timothy , Desmond Christopher
Published: March 2020

A 21-year-old man from India presented with acute hepatitis associated with a 1-week history of abdominal pain, pruritus, and dark urine. Over a 7-day admission, the patient's acute hepatitis evolved into acute liver failure with low-grade encephalopathy, markedly elevated transaminases, bilirubin, and impaired hepatic synthetic function. He was eventually diagnosed with acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) and was transitioned to supportive management. Acute HEV is a rare cause of acute liver failure. Hence, this case highlights the importance of early consideration of HEV in all patients with acute hepatitis who have originated from endemic regions.
Impact of implementing a category 1 external quality assurance scheme for monitoring harmonization of clinical laboratories in Spain
Authors: Ricós Carmen , Fernández-Calle Pilar , Marqués Fernando , Minchinela Joana , Salas Ángel , Martínez-Bru Cecília , Boned Beatriz , Gómez-Rioja Rubén , Cortés Marià , González-Lao Elisabet , García-Lario JV , Tejedor-Ganduxé Xavier , Bullich Sandra , Ventura Montse , Simón Margarida , Vilaplana Carlos , González-Tarancón Ricardo , Fernández-Fernández Mª Pilar , Ramón-Bauzá Francisco , Corte Zoraida , Llopis Mª Antonia , Díaz-Garzón Jorge , Perich Carmen
Published: March 2020

Background

The objective of the present study was to examine the evolution of the analytical performance specifications (APS) used in External Quality Assurance (EQA) schemes, as well as the efficacy of a category 1 EQA scheme in monitoring the harmonization of clinical laboratory results in Spain.

Methods

A review of the literature on the types of quality specifications used in schemes in other countries and their evolution was performed. In addition, a comparative analysis of the potential impact that different APS from eight countries had on clinical decision-making was made based on three measurands: sodium, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT).

Results

Harmonization of analytical methods was demonstrated by assessing whether average results deviated from the certified reference value of control materials within the APS derived from biological variation (BV). The APS used in EQA have evolved from state-of-the-art models to BV. Poor clinical decision-making would occur if the results accepted by some APS were applied.

Conclusions

In Spain, only 2 of the 18 measurands studied are considered to be well harmonized. Closer collaboration between laboratories and analytical system providers would be required to resolve discrepancies.
Suggesting teaching methods by analyzing the behavior of children with special needs
Authors: Shrawankar Urmila , Shireen Azra
Published: March 2020

The behavioral pattern of children with special needs depends on their emotional and developmental disability. Any abnormal and incorrect pattern of behavior which is below the level of development as the expected norm can be considered as “the challenging behavior.” For supporting children with behavioral problems, many interventions and strategies alone, or in combination, are used. Behavioral and developmental problems, if not treated well, in childhood, may cause a problem and have negative long-term and short-term effects on a child’s personal life, education, family, and professional life. Detailed knowledge about the child’s behavior is important to define the problem. Hence, the software contains the questionnaire pattern, which is divided into categories like parents, teachers, doctors, and friends. Child behavior checklist is used to define the questionnaire. Images and video analysis are used to detect the current emotion in the child. By analyzing the behavioral pattern and current emotion, the teaching method will be suggested.
Acute toxicity of cyanide in aerobic respiration: Theoretical and experimental support for murburn explanation
Authors: Manoj Kelath Murali , Ramasamy Surjith , Parashar Abhinav , Gideon Daniel Andrew , Soman Vidhu , Jacob Vivian David , Pakshirajan Kannan
Published: March 2020

The inefficiency of cyanide/HCN (CN) binding with heme proteins (under physiological regimes) is demonstrated with an assessment of thermodynamics, kinetics, and inhibition constants. The acute onset of toxicity and CN’s mg/Kg LD50(μM lethal concentration) suggests that the classical hemeFe binding-based inhibition rationale is untenable to account for the toxicity of CN. In vitro mechanistic probing of CN-mediated inhibition of hemeFe reductionist systems was explored as a murburn model for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (mOxPhos). The effect of CN in haloperoxidase catalyzed chlorine moiety transfer to small organics was considered as an analogous probe for phosphate group transfer in mOxPhos. Similarly, inclusion of CN in peroxidase-catalase mediated one-electron oxidation of small organics was used to explore electron transfer outcomes in mOxPhos, leading to water formation. The free energy correlations from a Hammett study and IC50/Hill slopes analyses and comparison with ligands$\left( {\text{CO}}/{{{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{S}}/{\text{N}_{3}^{\text{-}}}\;}\; \right)$provide insights into the involvement of diffusible radicals and proton-equilibriums, explaining analogous outcomes in mOxPhos chemistry. Further, we demonstrate that superoxide (diffusible reactive oxygen species, DROS) enables in vitro ATP synthesis from ADP+phosphate, and show that this reaction is inhibited by CN. Therefore, practically instantaneous CN ion-radical interactions with DROS in matrix catalytically disrupt mOxPhos, explaining the acute lethal effect of CN.
Effect of Box Height on Box Jump Performance in Elite Female Handball Players
Authors: Koefoed Nikolaj , Dam Sebastian , Kersting Uwe Gustav
Published: March 2020

Koefoed, N, Dam, S, and Kersting, UG. Effect of box height on box jump performance in elite female team handball players. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 508–512, 2022—This study aimed at investigating whether a link exists between performance in a countermovement jump and the height of the box an athlete could successfully jump onto. Furthermore, it was investigated whether the height of the box influences the takeoff. Ten, elite, female team, handball players were recruited for the study (age: 20.9 ± 3.2 years; height: 174.7 ± 7.6 cm; mass: 73.8 ± 6.7 kg). Subjects performed 3 maximal countermovement jumps. Subsequently, subjects jumped onto boxes of increasing height until they could no longer successfully jump onto the box. Subjects then performed 3 box jumps with maximal intention to boxes corresponding to 70% of their maximal center of mass displacement (LOW) and 90% of their maximal achieved box height (HIGH). Finally, subjects completed another 3 maximal countermovement jumps. There was no relationship between the maximal center of mass displacement in countermovement jumps and the maximal achievable box jump height (r
2 = 0.35; p = 0.071). Between jumps to LOW and HIGH boxes, there were no differences in the chosen variables, peak force (−156 ± 390 N; p = 0.239), peak power (25 ± 236 W; p = 0.747), peak center of mass displacement (0.003 ± 0.039 m; p = 0.840), peak rate of force development (−3.055 ± 6264 N·s−1; p = 0.157), and concentric time to takeoff (0.005 ± 0.044 seconds; p = 0.721). Because no differences could be found, the added risk of failure leading to injury and the limited possibilities of improving specific landing technique with low impact when jumping to high boxes in training cannot be justified.
Classification of Players Across the Australian Rules Football Participation Pathway Based on Physical Characteristics
Authors: Haycraft Jade A.Z. , Kovalchik Stephanie , Pyne David B. , Robertson Sam
Published: March 2020

Haycraft, JAZ, Kovalchik, S, Pyne, DB, and Robertson, S. Classification of players across the Australian Rules football participation pathway based on physical characteristics. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 702–709, 2022—This study investigated the utility of physical fitness and movement ability tests to differentiate and classify players into Australian Football League (AFL) participation pathway levels. Players (n = 293, age 10.9–19.1 years) completed the following tests; 5-m, 10-m, and 20-m sprint, AFL planned agility, vertical jump (VJ), running VJ, 20-m multistage fitness test (MSFT), and athletic ability assessment. A multivariate analysis of variance between AFL participation pathway levels was conducted, and a classification tree determined the extent to which players could be allocated to relevant levels. The magnitude of differences between physical fitness and movement ability were level-dependent, with the largest standardized effect size (ES) between Local U12, Local U14, and older levels for most physical fitness tests (ES: −4.64 to 5.02), except the 5-m and 10-m sprint. The 20-m, 5-m, AFL agility, 20-m MSFT, overhead squat, and running VJ (right) contributed to the classification model, with 57% overall accuracy reported (43% under cross-validation). National U16 players were easiest to classify (87%), while National U18 players were most difficult (0%). Physical fitness tests do not seem to differentiate between players after selection into AFL talent pathway levels. Other attributes (i.e., skill, psychological, and sociocultural) should be prioritized over physical fitness and movement attributes by selectors/coaches when considering selection of talented players.
Changes in Early and Maximal Isometric Force Production in Response to Moderate- and High-Load Strength and Power Training
Authors: Comfort Paul , Jones Paul A. , Thomas Christopher , Dos'Santos Thomas , McMahon John J. , Suchomel Timothy J.
Published: March 2020

Comfort, P, Jones, PA, Thomas, C, Dos'Santos, T, McMahon, JJ, and Suchomel, TJ. Changes in early and maximal isometric force production in response to moderate- and high-load strength and power training. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 593–599, 2022—The aims of this study were to determine the changes in early (50-, 100-, 150-, 200-, 250 ms) and maximal isometric force production, in response to a 4-week period of moderate-load resistance training (60–82.5% 1 repetition maximum [1RM]), followed by a 4-week period of high-load (80–90% 1RM) resistance training. Thirty-four subjects (age 19.5 ± 2.8 years; height 1.72 ± 0.08 m; body mass 69.9 ± 11.4 kg; maximal power clean 0.92 ± 0.03 kg·kg−1) participated in this study. Only trivial-to-moderate (0.2–2.7%, d = 0.00–0.88) and nonsignificant (p > 0.05) changes in early isometric force production were observed in response to the moderate-load training period, whereas very large (9.2–14.6%, d = 2.71–4.16), significant (p ≤ 0.001) increases in early isometric force production were observed in response to high-load training. In contrast, there was a very large, significant increase in peak force (PF) across the moderate-load phase (7.7 ± 11.8%, d = 2.02, p = 0.003), but only a moderate significant increase in PF (3.8 ± 10.6%, d = 1.16, p = 0.001) across the high-load phase. The results of this study indicate that high-load multijoint resistance training, that follows moderate-load training, results in superior increases in early multi-joint force production, compared with the changes observed after moderate-load resistance training.
Comparison of Platelet Mass Index in On-Pump and Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Günday Murat , Çiftçi Özgür
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Platelet mass index (PMI) is calculated by multiplying platelet count and mean platelet volume (MPV). It demonstrates platelet activation and is thought to be associated with inflammation. Its importance for cardiac surgery has not yet fully been clarified. This study investigates whether there is a difference between PMI levels after on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery and the relationship between early postoperative complications and PMI.
Method: In our hospital, 138 patients were included in the study retrospectively. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (on-pump) with 80 patients (22 females, 58 males, mean age 61.54 ± 8.68) and Group 2 (off-pump) with 58 patients (15 females, 43 males, mean age 61.34 ± 10.04). In biochemical analysis, hemoglobin, platelet, white blood cell, and MPV values of the patients were evaluated in the biochemistry laboratory of our hospital with the blood taken preoperatively from the forearm veins and postoperatively on the first, third, and seventh days and, on average, after the first month.
Results: There was a statistically significant difference between postoperative first day thrombocyte (K/µL) (P = .005), postoperative first day PMI (P = .014), postoperative first day leukocyte (K/µL) (P = .001), postoperative first day Hb (g/dL) (P = .001), postoperative third day thrombocyte (K/µL) (P = .003), postoperative third day PMI (P = .031), postoperative third day leukocyte (K/µL) (P = .004), and postoperative seventh day leukocyte (K/µL) (P = .002). There was no meaningful relationship between PMI and early postoperative complications.
Conclusion: We think PMI is a more valuable indicator than MPV as an inflammation marker in cardiac surgery. In our opinion, PMI is a cheap and valuable inflammation marker that can be used in coronary surgery that can be obtained from routine hemogram test and can easily be evaluated.
De novoGenome Assembly of theindicaRice Variety IR64 Using Linked-Read Sequencing and Nanopore Sequencing
Authors: Tanaka Tsuyoshi , Nishijima Ryo , Teramoto Shota , Kitomi Yuka , Hayashi Takeshi , Uga Yusaku , Kawakatsu Taiji
Published: March 2020

IR64 is a rice variety with high-yield that has been widely cultivated around the world. IR64 has been replaced by modern varieties in most growing areas. Given that modern varieties are mostly progenies or relatives of IR64, genetic analysis of IR64 is valuable for rice functional genomics. However, chromosome-level genome sequences of IR64 have not been available previously. Here, we sequenced the IR64 genome using synthetic long reads obtained by linked-read sequencing and ultra-long reads obtained by nanopore sequencing. We integrated these data and generated the de novo assembly of the IR64 genome of 367 Mb, equivalent to 99% of the estimated size. Continuity of the IR64 genome assembly was improved compared with that of a publicly available IR64 genome assembly generated by short reads only. We annotated 41,458 protein-coding genes, including 657 IR64-specific genes, that are missing in other high-quality rice genome assemblies IRGSP-1.0 of japonica cultivar Nipponbare or R498 of indica cultivar Shuhui498. The IR64 genome assembly will serve as a genome resource for rice functional genomics as well as genomics-driven and/or molecular breeding.
Genome-Wide Association Study for Maize Leaf Cuticular Conductance Identifies Candidate Genes Involved in the Regulation of Cuticle Development
Authors: Lin Meng , Matschi Susanne , Vasquez Miguel , Chamness James , Kaczmar Nicholas , Baseggio Matheus , Miller Michael , Stewart Ethan L , Qiao Pengfei , Scanlon Michael J , Molina Isabel , Smith Laurie G , Gore Michael A
Published: March 2020

The cuticle, a hydrophobic layer of cutin and waxes synthesized by plant epidermal cells, is the major barrier to water loss when stomata are closed at night and under water-limited conditions. Elucidating the genetic architecture of natural variation for leaf cuticular conductance (gc) is important for identifying genes relevant to improving crop productivity in drought-prone environments. To this end, we conducted a genome-wide association study of gc of adult leaves in a maize inbred association panel that was evaluated in four environments (Maricopa, AZ, and San Diego, CA, in 2016 and 2017). Five genomic regions significantly associated with gc were resolved to seven plausible candidate genes (ISTL1, two SEC14 homologs, cyclase-associated protein, a CER7 homolog, GDSL lipase, and β-D-XYLOSIDASE 4). These candidates are potentially involved in cuticle biosynthesis, trafficking and deposition of cuticle lipids, cutin polymerization, and cell wall modification. Laser microdissection RNA sequencing revealed that all these candidate genes, with the exception of the CER7 homolog, were expressed in the zone of the expanding adult maize leaf where cuticle maturation occurs. With direct application to genetic improvement, moderately high average predictive abilities were observed for whole-genome prediction of gc in locations (0.46 and 0.45) and across all environments (0.52). The findings of this study provide novel insights into the genetic control of gc and have the potential to help breeders more effectively develop drought-tolerant maize for target environments.
«Memory of the city» and «memory in the city»: the heuristic resources of the waven concept of E. Toffler
Authors: Mikhno Nadiya
Published: March 2020

In the article the possibility of application of the futures concept E. Toffler to explain changes in commemorating the objects and practices of the modern urban environment. The theoretical justification of the concept of "space" as one of the central categories of science, and it kind of "social space", that is, of course, the object of the social sciences and humanities, primarily sociological analysis. The proposed explanatory scheme the ratio of physical and social space. Provides an overview of the concept of "urban space" as a specific education between physical and social space. Attention is drawn to the possibility of using a semiotic approach to the identified issues within the urban space. Based on the semiotic approach identified the need in our study to consider certain points in urban space, which are able to perform the function of historical and social translation of the past – "places of memory", and their General set – «landscapes of memory». Moreover that «landscapes of memory» and a separate "places of memory" of urban space is a resource mapping of the historical and social memory in the city. For clarity, the conceptual-categorylink research system, a distinction between "social" and "historical" memory. Outline the General provisions of the wave concept E. Toffler, namely the explanation of the three "waves" which are defined by the author as a large-scale global process of social dynamics. Recorded discussion of memory through the circuit of the wave of change in society. For memory analysis in contemporary urban space using wave concept of E. Toffler made the distinction between the concepts "memory" and "memory in the city", which differ in the locality translocase images of the past: the particular city or events and personalities outside the city. The study carried out analysis of the characteristics of the existence of «places of memory» and related commemorative practices in the contemporary and divergent of the future city, based on the idea regarding relationship E. Toffler’s "Second wave" and "Third wave" in modern society.
The chimera of the All-Russian»founder»and the collapse of the illusions of the Ukrainian Central Rada (end of 1917 – beginning of 1918)
Authors: Ivanenko Valentyn
Published: March 2020

The article deals with an interesting but insufficiently and not clearly enough discussed in the historiographical process research perspective, which is related to the reconstruction, from the present day viewpoint, of the efforts and attempts of the national political elite to implement the idea of state autonomy of Ukraine through the mechanism of the so-called All-Russian Constituency (Constituent Assembly) during the existence of the Ukrainian People’s Republic (UNR) and taking into account the choice of the model of democratic social progress in the late 1917 – early 1918. This storyline is considered in the context of political activity of the Central Rada and its leaders M. Hrushevsky, V. Vinnychenko, other participants of the national-liberation movement of the Ukrainian Revolution (I. Mazepa, D. Doroshenko, etc.), implementation of certain steps to legitimize this institute as the supreme body of government and governance on the territory of Ukraine of that time, the consolidation of the political party on the basis of the traditions and experience of national government.Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of universals of the Central Rada in the course of strengthening its power positions, search and realization of the optimal formula of national and territorial autonomy of Ukraine, exercisingits right of final approval as the All-Russian "founder" (2nd Universal), formation of the UNR (3rd Universal) etc. The article makes an emphasis on the aggravation of the UNR relations with the Bolshevik government of Russia as a result of its ultimatum to the Rada and the unleashing of war against the UNR.The results of the elections in Ukraine which took place before the All-Russian and Ukrainian Constituent Assembly are described in the article. In addition, the rating of the main political forces in the regional dimension, first to be formed through such a democratic procedure, is studied. The substantiated conclusion is made about the actual failure of the phenomenon of the Constituency being dismissed by the Bolshevik government as a long-awaited tool in the public and political sphere for resolving the Ukrainian issue, the rapid decline in society under pressure of many factors of authority and influence of the Central Rada, the final collapse of its illusions to achieve a real autonomy of Ukraine under Moscow’s supervision.
Dynamics of the privatization’s and restructuring’s processes of the Рolish economy on the example of Podcarpatian’s region
Authors: Strojny Janusz
Published: March 2020

In 2008–2011, the Council of Ministers of Poland adopted the Privatization Plan of 802 companies, which became a significant stage in the process of property transformation in the country. Privatized enterprises gained more independence, quickly adapting to market changes. The separation and privatization of large companies enhances competitiveness and hinders the political struggle for the management of state property. The refusal to subsidize unprofitable state enterprises can reduce budget spending.On the other hand, privatization has led to mass layoffs of workers, many companies seek to use privatization as a process of speculative enrichment, not caring that people can find alternative jobs on similar financial conditions and near their place of residence. Poland is one of the countries that could potentially attract more and more foreign investment. Increasingly, wealthy foreign corporations win tenders, which poses a threat to domestic producers.The Subcarpathian Voivodeship is in a difficult economic situation due to its peripheral geographical position. Despite the difficult situation on the labor market and in the economy of Subcarpathia, respondents do not see a chance to improve living standards due to dynamic privatization and restructuring. The paper was inspired by the results of empirical studies conducted in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship, which indicated a cool attitude of respondents to the processes of restructuring and privatization. The article identifies potential areas of economic activity that may contribute to raising economic standards in the regional market. The author considers it appropriate to strengthen state control over privatized enterprises in order to more effectively use the existing potential for the economic development of the Subcarpathian region and eliminate its economic backwardness.
Theoretical study of solvent effects on the hyperpolarizabilities of two chalcone derivatives
Authors: Valverde Clodoaldo , Batista Soares João Victor , Duarte da Silva André , Vieira da Luz Bruno , Almeida dos Santos Daniel Junior , Barbosa Carvalho Elisa Guimarães , Monteiro Oliveira Yara Cecilia , Barbosa Napolitano Hamilton , Baseia Basílio , Pinto Osório Francisco Aparecido
Published: March 2020

The use of organic as nonlinear optical materials has been intensively explored in the recent years due to the ease of manipulation of the molecular structure and the synthetic flexibility regarding the change of substituent groups. In the present work, the linear and nonlinear properties of two chalcones derivatives (E)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one (4MP3P) and (E)-1-(4-Nitrophenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one (4NP3P), that differ by the substituent position at the phenyl ring, were studied in the presence of protic and aprotic solvents simulated by the Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM) at DFT/B3LYP/6-311+G(d) level. The static and dynamic (1064 nm) molecular parameters as the dipole moment, linear polarizability, first and second hyperpolarizabilities were studied as function of the solvent dielectric constant value. The geometrical behavior as the chemical bond angles, torsion angles, and partial charges distribution of the compounds were studied, including calculations of gap energies in various solvents. The obtained results revealed that the substituent change of CH3 (4MP3P) to NO2 (4NP3P) benefits the nonlinear optical properties of the compounds in the presence of the solvent media, the absolute values of the parallel first hyperpolarizability were the ones that present the greater variation.
Teachers’ Attitudes towards Inclusive Education in Kazakhstan
Authors: Agavelyan Ruben O. , Aubakirova Saule D. , Zhomartova Aisulu D. , Burdina Elena I.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. The inclusion of students with special educational needs in regular schools is currently one of the most important issues on the agenda of national and international education communities. A positive attitude of teachers to inclusive education is a factor of its effective implementation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitude of teachers to inclusive education in the Republic of Kazakhstan and to determine the factors influencing their positive attitude to wards inclusion.
Materials and Methods. The sample consisted of 416 teachers of general secondary schools in the Pavlodar region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The Sentiments, Attitudes, and Concerns about Inclusive Education Revised scale feedback form was used. For the processing of the results of the survey, nonparametric statistics (Spearman’s correlation coefficient) and multiple regression analysis were used.
Results. A general neutral attitude of teachers towards inclusion was revealed. The experience of interaction between teachers and people with special educational needs does not contribute to the formation of their positive attitude towards inclusion. Educators – people who work in rural schools and are confident in teaching children with special education needs – have the most positive attitude toward inclusion.
Discussion and Conclusion. A more detailed analysis of the respondents’ answers indicates the disinclination of teachers to implement inclusive education and the need for special training of teachers to work with children with special education needs that will increase their confidence in teaching children with special educational needs and create a positive attitude towards inclusion. Prospects for the study are to further explore attitudes of subject teachers, special education teachers, and providers of psychological and pedagogical support to inclusion in Kazakhstan and the impact of special training on the attitude of teachers to inclusion. The materials of the article will be useful to researchers interested in the problem of inclusive education, especially its condition in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Drama Techniques as Correlators of the Level of English Language Speaking Anxiety
Authors: Kwiecień-Niedziela Edyta , Polok Krzysztof , Mala Eva
Published: March 2020

Introduction. The study aims to investigate what factors strengthen and weaken personal speaking anxiety. With the use of selected standardized surveys, the research examines how drama techniques affect a learner’s level of English language speaking anxiety.
Materials and Methods. The research group includes 17 Polish primary school learners who attended drama classes and prepared two performances in English for other learners and their parents. The questionnaire with the stated research questions was applied, and the data ob tained were statistically analyzed.
Results. The research results show that the learners participating in English drama classes had a lower level of speaking anxiety than those who did not practice drama at all. As to the learners´ English language proficiency, the level of speaking anxiety dropped with the rise of academic level. No significant difference was observed either in the level of speaking anxiety between male and female participants or in the level of speaking among learners of different age. The impact of drama techniques implemented into the English language classes is discussed in the study. The research results indicate the influence of drama techniques on the reduction of the level of speaking anxiety. The decrease is very noticeable that should inspire teachers to use drama techniques while teaching a foreign language, especially speaking skills. The analysis also indicates a close correlation between drama classes and the inc reasing level of English proficiency.
Discussion and Conclusion. The topic of the article is to meet the interest of foreign language teachers and learners, would-be teachers of the English language.
SHP2-independent tyrosine dephosphorylation of cortactin and vinculin during infection with Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Knorr Jakob , Backert Steffen , Tegtmeyer Nicole
Published: March 2020

The gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori colonizes approximately half of the human world population. The bacterium injects the effector protein cytotoxin associated gene A (CagA) via a type-IV secretion system into host epithelial cells, where the protein becomes phosphorylated at specific EPIYA-motifs by cellular kinases. Inside the host cell, CagA can interact with over 25 different proteins in both phosphorylation-dependent and phosphorylation-independent manners, resulting in manipulation of host-cell signaling pathways. During the course of an H. pylori infection, certain host-cell proteins undergo tyrosine dephosphorylation in a CagA-dependent manner, including the actin-binding proteins cortactin and vinculin. A predominant response of intracellular CagA is the binding and activation of tyrosine phosphatase, the human Src-homology-region-2-domain-containing-phosphatase-2 (SHP2). Here, we considered the possibility that activated SHP2 might be responsible for the dephosphorylation of cortactin and vinculin. To investigate this, phosphatase inhibitor studies were performed. Additionally, a complete knockout mutant of SHP2 in AGS cells was created by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and these cells were infected with H. pylori. However, neither the presence of an inhibitor nor the inactivation of SHP2 prevented the dephosphorylation of cortactin and vinculin upon CagA delivery. Tyrosine dephosphorylation of these proteins is therefore independent of SHP2 and instead must be caused by another, as yet unidentified, protein tyrosine phosphatase.