bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neonatal hypoglycemia and the CPT1A P479L variant in term newborns: A retrospective cohort study of Inuit newborns from Kivalliq Nunavut
Authors: Collins Sorcha A , Hildes-Ripstein Gertrude Elizabeth , Thompson James Robert , Edmunds Sharon , Miners Amber , Rockman-Greenberg Cheryl , Arbour Laura
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Neonatal hypoglycemia (NH) in the first days of life can largely be prevented by recognizing those at risk and managing accordingly. The CPT1A P479L variant is prevalent in northern Indigenous populations and is a possible risk factor for hypoglycemia. We report on NH incidence in the Kivalliq region of Nunavut, where all Inuit newborns are screened for NH.

Methods

We reviewed clinical charts of 728 Inuit newborns from Kivalliq (January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2013) for blood glucose (BG) levels and infant/maternal characteristics, linking to CPT1A genotype; 616 newborns had BG data from 2 to 48 hours of life. NH was defined using Canadian Paediatric Society guidelines (≤2.0 mmol/L at 2 hours, <2.6 mmol/L at 2 to 48 hours).

Results

NH was documented in 21.4% overall, 24.4% of at-risk newborns and 19.5% of term newborns with no risk factors (≥37 weeks gestation, term-NRF). NH was documented in 22.0% of CPT1A P479L homozygous, 19.8% of P479L heterozygous and 4.8% of noncarrier term-NRF newborns. With multivariable logistic regression, the adjusted ORs for developing NH in term-NRF newborns was 4.97 for CPT1A P479L homozygotes (95% confidence interval [CI]:0.65–38.35, P=0.19) and 4.71 for P479L heterozygotes (95% CI:0.57–37.89, P=0.15).

Conclusion

Term-NRF newborns had a higher NH incidence than previously reported, similar to that for at-risk newborns, possibly due to the CPT1A P479L variant. Since only Inuit newborns from Kivalliq are screened for NH, further study of long-term outcomes of NH in this population and the role of the P479L variant are warranted to determine if neonatal BG screening is indicated in all Inuit newborns.
Effects of adding liquid lactose or molasses to pelleted swine diets on pellet quality and pig performance
Authors: Dunmire Kara M , Wickersham Tryon A , Frenzel Leslie L , Sprayberry Sarah R , Joiner Logan C , Hernandez Lily P , Cassens Andrew M , Dominguez Brandon , Paulk Chad B
Published: April 2020

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of including liquid lactose (LL) and molasses (M) in swine diets on pellet quality and pig performance. In experiment 1, a total of 194 nursery pigs (DNA 241 × 600, initially 6.7 ± 0.4 kg at 27 d of age) were used in a 33-d experiment evaluating the effects of LL (SweetLac 63; Westway Feed Products, Tomball, TX) or cane molasses on nursery pig performance and pellet quality. Pelleted experimental diets were fed from d 0 to 21, and a common pelleted diet fed from d 21 to 33. Dietary treatments consisted of a control diet containing 19.1% total sugars from whey powder and whey permeate and experimental diets with a percentage of whey permeate replaced by either 5% or 10% LL or 9.4% cane molasses (5 LL, 10 LL, and 9.4 M, respectively). Hot pellet temperature and production rate decreased (P < 0.05) from the control to 9.4 M treatments with 5 LL and 10 LL having intermediate effects. Pellet durability index (PDI) increased (P < 0.05) in 5 LL, 10 LL, and 9.4 M, respectively. From d 0 to 7, pigs fed the 10 LL and 9.4 M treatment had the best G:F followed by the control and 5 LL treatments. From d 0 to 21, ADFI had a marginally significant improvement (P < 0.10) in pigs fed up to 10 LL in the diet. Fecal consistency scores at d 7 were also firmer (P < 0.05) in pigs fed 9.4 M compared with pigs fed the control or 5 LL treatments with pigs fed the 10 LL treatment being intermediate. There was no evidence for differences in fecal consistency scores for d 14. In experiment 2, a total of 289 finishing pigs (DNA 241 × 600; initially 53.5 ± 0.5 kg BW) were used in a 53-d experiment evaluating the effects of LL on pellet quality and finishing pig performance. Experimental diets were fed in pelleted form from d 0 to 53 divided into three phases. Dietary treatments were a corn-soybean meal control diet with 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% LL added in the place of corn. PDI improved (linear, P < 0.01) with increasing inclusion of LL. There were no differences in ADG, ADFI, final BW, or carcass characteristics. Pigs fed diets with increasing levels of LL tended to have improved (quadratic, P = 0.070) G:F.
Transcriptome profiling of Variovorax paradoxus EPS under different growth conditions reveals regulatory and structural novelty in biofilm formation
Authors: Fredendall Richard J. , Stone Jenny L. , Pehl Michael J. , Orwin Paul M.
Published: April 2020

We used transcriptome analysis by paired-end strand-specific RNA-seq to evaluate the specific changes in gene expression associated with the transition to static biofilm growth in the rhizosphere plant growth-promoting bacterium

Variovorax paradoxus

EPS. Triplicate biological samples of exponential growth, stationary phase and static biofilm samples were examined. DESeq2 and Rockhopper were used to identify robust and widespread shifts in gene expression specific to each growth phase. We identified 1711 protein-coding genes (28%) using DESeq2 that had altered expression greater than twofold specifically in biofilms compared to exponential growth. Fewer genes were specifically differentially expressed in stationary-phase culture (757, 12%). A small set of genes (103/6020) were differentially expressed in opposing fashions in biofilm and stationary phase, indicating potentially substantial shifts in phenotype. Gene-ontology analysis showed that the only class of genes specifically upregulated in biofilms was associated with nutrient transport, highlighting the importance of nutrient uptake in the biofilm. The biofilm-specific genes did not overlap substantially with the loci identified by mutagenesis studies, although some were present in both sets. The most highly upregulated biofilm-specific gene is predicted to be a part of the RNA degradosome, which indicates that RNA stability is used to regulate the biofilm phenotype. Two small putative proteins, Varpa_0407 and Varpa_3832, are highly expressed specifically in biofilms and are predicted to be secreted DNA-binding proteins, which may stabilize extracellular DNA as a component of the biofilm matrix. An flp/tad type-IV pilus locus (Varpa_5148–60) is strongly downregulated specifically in biofilms, in contrast with results from other systems for these pili. Mutagenesis confirms that this locus is important in surface motility rather than biofilm formation. These experimental results suggest that

V. paradoxus

EPS biofilms have substantial regulatory and structural novelty.
Succinct Dynamic de Bruijn Graphs
Authors: Alipanahi Bahar , Kuhnle Alan , Puglisi Simon J. , Salmela Leena , Boucher Christina
Published: April 2020

Motivation

The de Bruijn graph is one of the fundamental data structures for analysis of high throughput sequencing data. In order to be applicable to population-scale studies, it is essential to build and store the graph in a space- and time-efficient manner. In addition, due to the ever-changing nature of population studies, it has become essential to update the graph after construction e.g. add and remove nodes and edges. Although there has been substantial effort on making the construction and storage of the graph efficient, there is a limited amount of work in building the graph in an efficient and mutable manner. Hence, most space efficient data structures require complete reconstruction of the graph in order to add or remove edges or nodes.

Results

In this paper we present DynamicBOSS, a succinct representation of the de Bruijn graph that allows for an unlimited number of additions and deletions of nodes and edges. We compare our method with other competing methods and demonstrate that DynamicBOSS is the only method that supports both addition and deletion and is applicable to very large samples (e.g. greater than 15 billionk-mers). Competing dynamic methods e.g., FDBG (Crawford et al., 2018) cannot be constructed on large scale datasets, or cannot support both addition and deletion e.g., BiFrost (Holley and Melsted, 2019).

Availability

DynamicBOSS is publicly available athttps://github.com/baharpan/dynboss.

Contact

baharpan@ufl.edu
SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing serum antibodies in cats: a serological investigation
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Zhang Huajun , Huang Kun , Yang Yong , Hui Xianfeng , Gao Jindong , He Xinglin , Li Chengfei , Gong Wenxiao , Zhang Yufei , Peng Cheng , Gao Xiaoxiao , Chen Huanchun , Zou Zhong , Shi Zhengli , Jin Meilin
Published: April 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread worldwide. Previous studies suggested cat could be a potential susceptible animal of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we investigated the infection of SARS-CoV-2 in cats by detecting specific serum antibodies. A cohort of serum samples were collected from cats in Wuhan, including 102 sampled after COVID-19 outbreak, and 39 prior to the outbreak. 15 of 102 (14.7%) cat sera collected after the outbreak were positive for the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Among the positive samples, 11 had SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies with a titer ranging from 1/20 to 1/1080. No serological cross-reactivity was detected between the SARS-CoV-2 and type I or II feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). Our data demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 has infected cat population in Wuhan during the outbreak.
Meteorological factors correlate with transmission of 2019-nCoV: Proof of incidence of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Hubei Province, China
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Zhang Linyuan , Ren Zhihua , Xing Caihong , Qiao Peihuan , Chang Bing
Published: April 2020

Objective

many potential factors contribute to the outbreak of COVID-19.It aims to explore the effects of various meteorological factors on the incidence of COVID-19.

Methods

Taking Hubei province of China as an example, where COVID-19 was first reported and there were the most cases, we collected 53 days of confirmed cases (total 67773 cases) and ten meteorological parameters up to March 10. Correlation analysis and linear regression were used to judge the relationship of meteorological factors and increment of COVID-19 confirmed cases.

Results

Under 95% CI, the increment of confirmed cases in Hubei were correlated with four meteorological parameters of average pressure, average temperature, minimum temperature and average water vapor pressure (equivalent to absolute humidity).The average pressure was positively correlated with the increment (r=+0.358).The negative correlations included average temperature (r=-0.306), minimum temperature (r=-0.347), and average water vapor pressure (r=-0.326). The linear regression results show if minimum temperature increases by 1□, the incremental confirmed cases in Hubei decreases by 72.470 units on average.

Conclusion

Statistically, the incidence of COVID-19 was correlated with average pressure, average temperature, minimum temperature and average water vapor pressure. It is positively correlated with the average pressure and negatively correlated with the other three parameters. Compared with relative humidity, 2019-nCov is more sensitive to water vapor pressure. The reason why the epidemic situation in Hubei expanded rapidly is significantly related to the climate characteristics of low temperature and dryness of Hubei in winter.
Boss was not yet pleased; Did the performance matter?
Authors: Pallikara Rameshan
Published: April 2020

Learning outcomes

To evaluate a difficult career choice under compelling organizational circumstances. To analyse a complex organizational culture to understand the nuances of career decisions. To relate career dilemmas to relevant conceptual and theoretical strands of organizational behaviour. To interpret the leadership style and its interaction with organizational culture. To determine possible strategic recourses to deal with the dynamics of destructive leadership and toxic cultures.

Case overview/synopsis

The case is about the experiences of Raamit Pell, a Middle-level Executive at Accadia Management Services, and his encounters with a new boss, Pret Sohn. Raamit Pell had joined Accadia at a time when the organization was undergoing some political and cultural turmoil. When Pret Sohn came in as the new Chief Executive Officer six months later, there were a lot of expectations. But, Pret Sohn too began following Accadia’s existing political culture, indulging in unhealthy organizational practices. He caused mental harassment to many executives. One such executive was Raamit Pell. Despite Raamit’s excellent performance, Pret Sohn denied him a well-deserved promotion. Sohn justified it by saying that performance alone did not matter. Raamit felt deeply disturbed and considered quitting Accadia. He was reluctant to leave as a defeated man. Subsequently, he received an offer from another subsidiary of Accadia’s holding agency. As he was undergoing a three-month mandatory notice period for his release, Raamit became concerned about his decision to leave Accadia. Deep in his mind he longed to redeem his hurt pride at Accadia. So, he was pondering whether he had taken the decision to resign in haste.

Complexity academic level

Level: Post-graduate/doctoral and executive education programmes in management and allied subjects. Courses: Courses in Career Decisions, Organizational Behaviour, Leadership, Organizational Culture and Organizational Ethics.

Supplementary materials

Teaching Notes are available for educators only.

Subject code

CSS 7: Management Science.
Business students and work-life: mind the gaps!
Authors: Govender Cookie M. , Vaaland Terje I.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to identify challenges in business school and business collaboration when implementing work-integrated learning (WIL) as a vehicle to enhance student work-life realities and possible employability opportunities.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper adopts a five-step literature synthesis method. In-depth review and analysis of the existing literature of WIL challenges during the period 2009 to 2018 was conducted.

Findings

The literature review revealed five major gaps identified in WIL projects, resulting from a lack of institutional support, mentoring and assessment, student readiness, curriculum relevance and host motivation. These challenges were related to differences or gaps in the business school and business domains. Seven propositions are suggested as a starting point to manage the five gaps when initiating WIL as a successful learning project.

Practical implications

Our syntheses of challenges hampering WIL projects is highly relevant for deepening business school awareness and when planning to launch WIL projects. The paper presents a realistic view on school-business interaction involving WIL students.

Originality/value

The paper contributes by enabling WIL practitioners to gain a systematic overview of WIL challenges and pitfalls. Negative factors impacting on business school and business domains are highlighted in the model and paper propositions. Awareness, mindfulness and avoiding the pitfalls and gaps facing WIL students, schools and participating businesses ensure effective, efficient and successful WIL experiences and projects.
Directors' stress in day care centers: related factors and coping strategies
Authors: Elomaa Mailis , Pakarinen Eija , Eskelä-Haapanen Sirpa , Halttunen Leena , Von Suchodoletz Antje , Lerkkanen Marja-Kristiina
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This study aims to explore what causes stress to day care center directors and what their coping strategies are. In addition, the study examined the extent to which directors experience work-related stress and burnout, and the factors associated with their work-related stress, engagement and recovery from work.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed method approach was used.

Findings

The results showed that the main sources of directors' stress were connected to leading oneself, leading others, managing change and lack of social support. Moreover, the main coping strategies with stress were leading oneself, social support and leading others. In addition, both pre- and in-service leadership training played a significant role in the experience of stress. The nature of factors causing stress and coping strategies with stress may imply that directors need further support in self-management and developing their internal competences.

Research limitations/implications

The present study has limitations that need to be considered when making generalizations. First, a small sample size limits the generalization of the findings. Second, the study relied solely on one source of information, i.e. directors' self-reports. Third, data were collected only at one time point at the end of the year when stress levels might have accumulated. Finally, the study has been done in the Finnish educational context where day care center directors' job description varies depending on municipality.

Practical implications

The findings provide important information about the causes of directors' work-related stress as well as their coping strategies and about factors that might be related to those.

Social implications

Because directors' stress impact on children’s development and well-being through teachers' well-being, it is crucial to pay attention on directors' well-being and provide more support for them.

Originality/value

The current study is among the few ones focusing on the stress of directors at early childhood education (ECE) settings.
Organisational context and behavioural complexity affecting ambidextrous behaviours among SMEs
Authors: Poon Wai Chuen , Mohamad Osman
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the antecedents of exploitative and explorative behaviours and to give valuable insight into the role of ambidextrous behaviours in developing creativity and innovativeness among owner-managers in SMEs.

Design/methodology/approach

A review of existing literature was carried out and drawing upon owner-managers, a survey using structured questionnaires was carried out with a total of 183 useful responses received. The proposed model was analysed using SmartPLS v2.3.7.

Findings

The empirical result suggests that behavioural complexity and organisational flexibility encourages exploitative and explorative behaviours, while ambidextrous behaviours encourage creativity and innovativeness. Rigidity, on the other hand, hinders the cultivation of ambidextrous behaviours.

Originality/value

The paper entails useful implication by demonstrating that flexibility enables owner-managers to reconcile competing demands and consequently, cultivate innovative outcomes. In this regard, business owner-managers must learn implicitly how to juggle these contradictory demands, suggesting an internal balancing mechanism independent of the organisational context and individual behavioural complexity. This paper suggests that cultivation of exploitative and explorative behaviours among owner-managers is useful in encouraging ambidextrous behaviours among SMEs.
The management of accounting firms: time as an object of professional and commercial goals
Authors: Loscher Georg Josef , Kaiser Stephan
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This study aims to explore how commercial and professional management instruments are combined in accounting firms.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a qualitative study based on 30 semi-structured interviews with partners from 30 different accounting firms (sole practitioners to Big Four) in Germany. The study mainly draws from the literature on the management of accounting firms.

Findings

The findings of this study indicate that professional and commercial management instruments structure the use of time by accountants. In these management instruments, professional and commercial goals are interwoven by three mechanisms revealed in this study and named as ambivalence, assimilation and integration. The authors further identify the managerial aspects of professional instruments.

Originality/value

This paper offers three mechanisms that combine commercial and professional goals in the management of accounting firms. The authors thereby contribute to the literature on the management of accounting firms by analysing these mechanisms that enable the pursuit of both goals simultaneously. Further, the authors argue that the minimum organisation, defined by regulators, of accounting firms is an essential infrastructure for the commercialisation of accounting.
Exploring destination brand disengagement in a top-down policy context
Authors: Bassols Narcís , Leicht Thomas
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to analyze the case of Cartagena, Colombia, as a case of a failed destination branding. It also broadens the findings by connecting them to the extant literature about place branding, thus making this paper more explanatory. It tries to fit the fieldwork’s findings into the two main streams of branding research (bottom-up vs top-down). This paper also gives practical insights into the destination’s network of stakeholders and discusses ways to improve the destination’s management and branding.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses a mixed methodology approach. Field work consisted of online questionnaire to hospitality employees in the city plus semi-structured interviews conducted with 18 “expert” stakeholders in the destination. This paper is of empirical nature.

Findings

The main cause of the destination’s brand failure is found to be the top-down approach to the place brand strategy. The literature shows that cases such as this one are more common than assumed, and a possible way out of the problem is the application of bottom-up or “mixed” approaches, as these may circumvent the problems found.

Research limitations/implications

Cases like this one illustrate very well a local context but might be difficult to transfer to other contexts, so the generalization power of this paper is limited to similar places in the sociopolitical sense of the term.

Practical implications

For place branding practitioners and destination management organizations , this paper is a call for participative approaches which include all of the stakeholders of a place.

Originality/value

This paper offers an in-depth study of a branding case in Latin America, a part of the world relatively unexplored in the branding literature. On the basis of the presented case, this paper pitches top-down versus bottom-up approaches. Finally, it explains the findings by connecting the place to its broad geographical context.
Delight spirals: the cause and consequence of employee perceived customer delight
Authors: Guidice Rebecca M. , Barnes Donald C. , Kinard Brian R.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

With increasing competition in the marketplace, there is a greater push for exceeding customer expectations and delivering customer delight to ensure firm’s success. The main reason for this push is the beneficial outcomes for the firm. More recently, hidden benefits have been identified (i.e. elevated customer emotions can positively impact other customers and employees in the service environment). Adding to this developing literature, the current research develops a model that links antecedents and outcomes to employee perceptions of customer delight.

Design/methodology/approach

Both field and panel data, as well as multiple statistical methods, were utilized to test the hypothesized relationships. The field data were collected from employees of a national specialty retailer.

Findings

Service climate and interpersonal influence have a positive impact on customer delight and employee perceptions of customer delight. In turn, employee perceptions of customer delight positively impact harmonious passion and job dedication. In addition, accountability for pleasing customers is a significant moderator of the relationship between employee perceptions of customer delight and harmonious passion, but not between employee perceptions of customer delight and job dedication.

Research limitations/implications

This research contributes to the ongoing debate on the viability of customer delight as a service standard by investigating the under-studied perspective of the frontline employee.

Practical implications

This research contributes to the debate on the value of customer delight as a service standard by investigating the under-studied perspective of the frontline employee. A key takeaway for practitioners is how to create and manage the delight spirals that can occur when customers are delighted.

Originality/value

This is the first study that evaluates antecedents and outcomes of employee-perceived customer delight in a single model. This is also the first study to measure the impact of employee perceptions of customer delight with field data.
Sharing achievement and social entrepreneurial intention
Authors: Wu Wenqing , Wang Hongxin , Wei Chun-Wang , Zheng Chundong
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This study explores the influence of sharing achievement (i.e. sustainability, enjoyment, and economic benefits) obtained by participating in the sharing economy on social entrepreneurial intention (SEI), as well as the role of perceived social worth and social entrepreneurial self-efficacy (SESE).

Design/methodology/approach

This study used multiple regression analysis on a sample of 331 MBA students aged between 24 and 48 years.

Findings

The findings indicate that sharing achievement is positively related with SEI, and perceived social worth mediates the relationship between them. Moreover, SESE not only has a moderating effect on the relationship between perceived social worth and SEI but also positively moderates the overall mediation model.

Practical implications

Entrepreneurship educators could focus on improving students' SESE through courses and training. Whereas, policymakers and decision makers should actively promote the sharing economy model and regulate its management. Moreover, existing organizers of the sharing economy should improve participants' sharing achievement.

Originality/value

This study determines the relationship between sharing achievement and SEI and enriches the push/pull theory from the perspective of pull factors in the context of the sharing economy. Moreover, by exploring the mediating effect of perceived social worth and the moderating effect of SESE, the study provides understanding on the influence mechanisms of sharing achievements on SEI.
Improving public sector knowledge sharing through communities of practice
Authors: Jørgensen Rasmus , Edwards Kasper , Scarso Enrico , Ipsen Christine
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to study the impact of intentionally developed communities of practice (CoPs) on knowledge sharing and practice improvement in an administrative public sector organisation (PSO).

Design/methodology/approach

A case study approach was used to analyse the impact of the CoPs intentionally developed by four different teams at a Danish PSO. The study applied a CoP development framework suggested by the literature to develop the CoPs.

Findings

Three out of the four CoPs were successfully developed, and they positively affected knowledge sharing and practice improvement. CoP participants engaged in conversations to explore individual ways of working, share knowledge and ultimately improve practice. Standardisation and boundary spanning were identified as contextual factors influencing the CoP activities.

Research limitations/implications

The findings verify the framework and contribute to a better understanding of the factors affecting the development of CoPs that positively impact knowledge sharing and practice improvements in a PSO context.

Practical implications

The study provides operations managers in PSOs with a framework for developing CoPs to improve work performance through better knowledge sharing among employees.

Originality/value

The paper provides case study evidence for the relevance of CoPs in PSO settings and highlights the necessity of investing resources in employee knowledge-sharing interactions.
Women's rights and misogyny in Brazil: An interview with Debora Diniz
Authors: BÄHRE ERIK , DINIZ DEBORA
Published: April 2020

In 2018 anthropologist and feminist Debora Diniz appeared as an expert witness in a Supreme Court hearing that addressed decriminalizing abortion. After receiving death threats, she was placed under police protection and forced to go into hiding. The police discovered that a right‐wing extremist gang plotted an attack against her, and Diniz had to go into exile abroad, a fate she shares with several other academics working on women's rights and economic and racial inequalities. In this interview, Diniz reflects on the Brazilian political climate and its consequences for academics, freedom, women's rights and healthcare.
Germline ancestry influences the evolutionary disease course in lung adenocarcinomas
Authors: Schenk Alina , López Saioa , Kschischo Maik , McGranahan Nicholas
Published: April 2020

Precision medicine relies on targeting specific somatic alterations present in a patient's tumor. However, the extent to which germline ancestry may influence the somatic burden of disease has received little attention. We estimated the genetic ancestry of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and performed an in‐depth analysis of the influence of genetic ancestry on the evolutionary disease course. Compared with European Americans (EA), African Americans (AA) with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) were found to be significantly younger and smoke significantly less. However, LUADs from AAs exhibited a significantly higher somatic mutation burden, with a more pronounced tobacco carcinogen footprint and increased frequencies of alterations affecting cancer genes. Conversely, no significant differences were observed between lung squamous cell carcinomas (LUSC) from EAs and AAs. Our results suggest germline ancestry influences the somatic evolution of LUAD but not LUSC.
Performance, milk fatty acid composition and behaviour of high‐yielding Holstein dairy cows given a limited grazing period
Authors: Atkins Norton E. , Cianchi Claire , Rutter S. M. , Williams Sarah J. , Gauld Carrie , Charlton Gemma L. , Sinclair Liam A.
Published: April 2020

The effects of a limited grazing period on the performance, behaviour and milk composition of high‐yielding dairy cows were examined. A total of 56 Holstein cows yielding 44.7 ± 0.42 kg/day were allocated to one of four treatments in one of two, 4‐week periods. Treatments were as follows: control (C)—cows housed and offered TMR ad libitum; early grazing (EG)—cows grazed for 6 hr after morning milking then housed; delayed grazing (DG)—cows returned to housing for 1 hr after morning milking followed by grazing for 6 hr, then housed; restricted TMR (RT)—cows grazed for 6 hr after morning milking, then housed and fed TMR at 75% of ad libitum. Intake of TMR was highest in cows receiving C, intermediate in EG and DG, and lowest in RT at 26.9, 23.6, 24.7 and 20.3 kg DM/day respectively. Pasture intake was similar in cows receiving EG or DG, but was higher in RT at 2.4, 2.0 and 3.5 kg DM/day respectively. Milk yield was similar between cows receiving C, EG or DG, but lowest in RT at 45.7, 44.2, 44.9 and 41.7 kg/cow, respectively, while milk fat content of C18:3 n‐3 was increased by grazing. Cows in C spent more than 55 min/day longer lying and had three additional lying bouts/day, while lying bouts were shorter than for cows receiving EG, RT or DG. It is concluded that high‐yielding cows can be grazed for 6 hr/day with little impact on performance, provided TMR is available ad libitum when housed.
Direct autotransfusion following emergency pericardiocentesis in patients undergoing cardiac electrophysiology procedures
Authors: Barbhaiya Chirag R. , Guandalini Gustavo S. , Jankelson Lior , Park David , Bernstein Scott , Holmes Douglas , Aizer Anthony , Chinitz Larry
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Acute hemopericardium during cardiac electrophysiology (EP) procedures may result in significant blood loss and is the most common cause of procedure‐related death. Matched allogeneic blood is often not immediately available. The feasibility and safety of direct autotransfusion in cardiac electrophysiology patients requiring emergency pericardiocentesis is unknown.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed records of patients undergoing EP procedures at a single, tertiary care medical center who had procedure‐related acute hemopericardium requiring emergency pericardiocentesis during a 3‐year period. Procedure details, transfusion volumes, and clinical outcomes of patients who received direct autotransfusion of aspirated pericardial blood via a femoral venous sheath were compared to those of patients who did not receive direct autotransfusion.

Results

During the study period, 10 patients received direct autotransfusion (group 1) and outcomes were compared with those of 14 control patients who did not receive direct autotransfusion (group 2). The volume of aspirated pericardial blood was similar in groups 1 and 2 (1.6 ± 0.7 L vs 1.3 ± 1.0 L, respectively; P = .52). Amongst patients with aspirated volumes <1 L, group 1 patients (n = 4) were less likely than group 2 patients (n = 8) to require allotransfusion (0% vs 75%, P = .02). Amongst patients with aspirated volume ≥1 L, group 1 patients (n = 6) required fewer units of red cell allotransfusion than group 2 patients (n = 6) (1.5 ± 0.8 units vs 4.3 ± 2.0 units, P = .01). No procedural complications related to direct autotransfusion occurred.

Conclusions

Direct autotransfusion following emergency pericardiocentesis during electrophysiology procedures requiring systemic anticoagulation is feasible and safe. The utilization of direct autotransfusion may eliminate or reduce the need for allotransfusion.
Hsa_circ_0079662 induces the resistance mechanism of the chemotherapy drug oxaliplatin through the TNF‐α pathway in human colon cancer
Authors: Lai Mingfen , Liu Guiju , Li Ruijun , Bai Hua , Zhao Jizhi , Xiao Peng , Mei Jiazhuan
Published: April 2020

The aim of the study was to research the biological functions of circRNA (hsa_circ_0079662) and its underlying mechanism in colorectal cancer. Drug‐resistant cell lines (HT29‐LOHP, HCT116‐LOHP, HCT8‐LOHP) were separately dealt with oxaliplatin concentration gradient (0.1‐10 μmol/L). Real‐time PCR, Western blotting, dual‐luciferase assay, miRNA pull‐down assay, coimmunoprecipitation and ELASA were performed to explore the mechanism of chemotherapy drug oxaliplatin resistance in CRC. The results showed that the expression of hsa_circ_0079662 was increased in drug‐resistant cell lines by RT‐PCR. The expression of HOXA9, TRIP6, Vcam‐1, VEGFC, MMP3, MMP9 and MMP14 was higher by Western blotting. Interaction between HOXA9 and TRIP6 in CO‐IP detection. Additionally, the cytokines TNF‐α, IL‐1 and IL‐6 were also found. In conclusion, hsa_circ_0079662, as a ceRNA binding with hsa‐mir‐324‐5p, can regulate target gene HOXA9 and induced the mechanism of chemotherapy drug oxaliplatin resistance in CRC through the TNF‐α pathway in human colon cancer.
“Please mind the gap”: A secondary analysis of discomfort and comfort in intensive care
Authors: Berntzen Helene , Bjørk Ida Torunn , Storsveen Ann‐Marie , Wøien Hilde
Published: April 2020

Aims and objectives

To explore in depth discomfort in intensive care as experienced by patients and attended to by critical care nurses.

Background

Discomfort in illness is complex and persistent, and its alleviation is a challenge for nurses working in intensive care units (ICU). In previous studies, we showed that ICU patients described little actual pain but suffer from much discomfort. Critical care nurses had a systematic approach to the treatment of pain, but were more haphazard in dealing with other types of discomfort.

Design

Secondary qualitative analysis of data from two previous exploratory studies.

Methods

Content analysis was used on existing data from 28 interviews with ICU patients, and 16 field notes and interviews with critical care nurses. Kolcaba's Comfort Theory was applied for further analysis. The COREQ checklist was used.

Results

Three themes, “Being deprived of a functioning body”, “Being deprived of a functioning mind” and “Being deprived of integrity” characterised the discomfort experienced by ICU patients. The nurses appeared to attend to all areas of discomfort expressed by patients. In need of, and providing acknowledgment and alleviation became a common overarching theme. We identified a comfort gap caused by the discrepancy between the patients’ needs and the nurses’ achievements in fulfilling these needs.

Conclusions

A gap exists between ICU patients’ comfort needs and nurses’ achievements in fulfilling these, indicating that discomfort currently is an inevitable part of the critical illness trajectory. Increased knowledge about how the brain is affected in ICU patients and more systematic approaches to assessing comfort needs and enhancing comfort may support nurses in fulfilling patient needs and possibly diminish the existing comfort gap.

Relevance for clinical practice

An increased understanding of the complex experience of discomfort in ICU patients may bring about more systematic approaches to enhance comfort and direct for education and further research.
Sleep among primary care physicians–Association with overtime, night duties and strategies to counteract poor sleep quality
Authors: Gustavsson Katarzyna , Wierzbicka Aleksandra , Matuszczyk Michał , Matuszczyk Maciej , Wichniak Adam
Published: April 2020

Physicians belong to the risk group for sleep disorders as a result of work related stress, excessive working time, large amount of on‐call duties and shift work. Poor sleep quality of healthcare providers threatens not only their safety, but also the safety of their patients. This study examines if there are any differences in how working either long hours or at night duties relates to self‐reported sleep time, sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in primary care physicians. We analyzed data from a survey research of 807 participants. Respondents were divided into four groups based on their reported work hours per week and number of nights on duty per month. Overtime was associated with shorter sleep time and worse subjective sleep quality even when compared with that of participants who work on night duties. All investigated groups of participants reported short sleep latencies which suggests that sleep debt is a common problem in this population. Surprisingly in the case of poor sleep quality participants rarely used recommended methods like regular physical activity or specialist advice. The most frequently reported answer was that they do nothing to improve sleep and every third participants uses hypnotics to do that. These results suggest that primary care physicians despite being at high risk for sleep disorders due to working overtime and at night, pay less attention to their sleep quality and do not use recommended strategies to improve it.
Cell‐type‐resolved proteomic analysis of the human liver
Authors: Ölander Magnus , Wiśniewski Jacek R. , Artursson Per
Published: April 2020

Background & Aims

The human liver functions through a complex interplay between parenchymal and non‐parenchymal cells. Mass spectrometry‐based proteomic analysis of intact tissue has provided an in‐depth view of the human liver proteome. However, the predominance of parenchymal cells (hepatocytes) means that the total tissue proteome mainly reflects hepatocyte expression. Here we therefore set out to analyse the proteomes of the major parenchymal and non‐parenchymal cell types in the human liver.

Methods

We applied quantitative label‐free proteomic analysis on the major cell types of the human liver: hepatocytes, liver endothelial cells, Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells.

Results

We identified 9791 proteins, revealing distinct protein expression profiles across cell types, whose in vivo relevance was shown by the presence of cell‐type‐specific proteins. Analysis of proteins related to the immune system indicated that mechanisms of immune‐mediated liver injury include the involvement of several cell types. Furthermore, in‐depth investigation of proteins related to the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) of xenobiotics showed that ADMET‐related tasks are not exclusively confined to hepatocytes, and that non‐parenchymal cells may contribute to drug transport and metabolism.

Conclusions

Overall, the data we provide constitute a unique resource for exploring the proteomes of the major types of human liver cells, which will facilitate an improved understanding of the human liver in health and disease.
Applying Principles of Improvisation to Negotiation
Authors: Harding Chet
Published: April 2020

Expanding on a theme explored in Negotiation Journal’s last special issue on critical moments, this paper looks at key principles of improvisation and how they may apply to critical moments in negotiation. Improvisational acting encourages us to explore the “what ifs” and to focus on the power of saying “yes” rather than “no”—and “yes, and” rather than “yes, but”—as we listen to and interact with one another. The misconceptions of the meaning of “yes, and” in business and negotiation are also discussed.
Identification of the novel HLA‐B*13:109 allele by polymerase chain reaction sequence‐based typing
Authors: Chen Nanying , He Yizhen , Zhang Wei , He Ji , Zhu Faming
Published: April 2020

The new allele HLA‐B*13:109 differs from HLA‐B*13:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in exon 4
Noun phrase complexity in Ghanaian English
Authors: Brato Thorsten
Published: April 2020

This study compares the complexity of the noun phrase (NP) in Ghanaian English in a real‐time perspective. Based on the Historical Corpus English in Ghana (1966–1975) and the Ghanaian component of the International Corpus of English (mainly 2000s), representing the early and late stages of structural nativisation in the dynamic model, NP complexity is measured using five criteria (NP pattern, complexity of the premodifier, length of the pre‐ and postmodifier and complexity of the postmodifier). The study uses conditional inference trees, taking into account three potential factors: corpus, text type and syntactic function. The results show that over time the complexity of the NP in Ghanaian English has increased, which is interpreted as Ghanaians becoming more proficient and therefore employing more sophisticated structures. Text type is an important predictor; syntactic function plays only a minor role. By adding a diachronic perspective, the study contributes to current models of the evolution of world Englishes.
Low-temperature AlN film deposition using magnetic mirror-type magnetron cathode for low gas pressure operation
Authors: Motomura Taisei , Tabaru Tatsuo , Uehara Masato , Fujio Yuki , Okuyama Tetsuya
Published: April 2020

Low-temperature aluminum nitride (AlN) depositions were studied under low gas pressure conditions of 0.1 Pa. In order to operate under 0.1 Pa sputter-conditions, the magnetic mirror-type magnetron cathode (M3C) has been developed in the authors' studies. The plasma light-emission distributions generated by the M3C were observed at an input RF power of 5–100 W and an Ar gas pressure of 0.1–0.65 Pa. The M3C can operate effectively with both low gas pressure of 0.1 Pa (Ar) and low RF power of 5 W. The AlN films were deposited using a bare silicon substrate without external substrate heating. The c-axis oriented AlN film was obtained at 0.1 Pa (pure nitrogen), 100 W, and a target-to-substrate distance of 70 mm.
Production-perception relationship of Mandarin tones as revealed by critical perceptual cues
Authors: Leung Keith K. W. , Wang Yue
Published: April 2020

The relationship of lexical tone production and perception has not been well studied. Using Mandarin tone, this research tests the hypothesis that a production-perception link is revealed by critical perceptual cues. The critical status of perceptual tonal cues was determined by perceptual cue weights, showing fundamental frequency (F0) contour as being more critical than height. Then, tone production features were examined for critical F0 contour (slope, curvature, turning-point location) and non-critical F0 height (mean, onset) cues. A production-perception correlation was found for F0 contour but not height cues, suggesting that critical perceptual cues dictate the relationship between production and perception.
Techniques for distinguishing between impulsive and non-impulsive sound in the context of regulating sound exposure for marine mammals
Authors: Martin S. Bruce , Lucke Klaus , Barclay David R.
Published: April 2020

Regulations designed to mitigate the effects of man-made sounds on marine mammal hearing specify maximum daily sound exposure levels. The limits are lower for impulsive than non-impulsive sounds. The regulations do not indicate how to quantify impulsiveness; instead sounds are grouped by properties at the source. To address this gap, three metrics of impulsiveness (kurtosis, crest factor, and the Harris impulse factor) were compared using values from random noise and real-world ocean sounds. Kurtosis is recommended for quantifying impulsiveness. Kurtosis greater than 40 indicates a sound is fully impulsive. Only sounds above the effective quiet threshold (EQT) are considered intense enough to accumulate over time and cause hearing injury. A functional definition for EQT is proposed: the auditory frequency-weighted sound pressure level (SPL) that could accumulate to cause temporary threshold shift from non-impulsive sound as described in Southall, Finneran, Reichmuth, Nachtigall, Ketten, Bowles, Ellison, Nowacek, and Tyack [(2019). Aquat. Mamm. 45, 125–232]. It is known that impulsive sounds change to non-impulsive as these sounds propagate. This paper shows that this is not relevant for assessing hearing injury because sounds retain impulsive character when SPLs are above EQT. Sounds from vessels are normally considered non-impulsive; however, 66% of vessels analyzed were impulsive when weighted for very-high frequency mammal hearing.
Mandarin tone perception in multiple-talker babbles and speech-shaped noise
Authors: Wang Xianhui , Xu Li
Published: April 2020

Lexical tone recognition in multiple-talker babbles (N = 1, 2, 4, 8, 10, or 12) and in speech-shaped noise at different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs = −18 to −6 dB) were tested in 30 normal-hearing native Mandarin-speaking listeners. Results showed that tone perception was robust to noise. The performance curve as a function of N was non-monotonic. The breakpoint at which the performance plateaued was N = 8 for all SNRs tested with a slight improvement at N > 8 at −6 and −9 dB SNR.