bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How the Learning Style and Working Memory Capacity of Prospective Mathematics Teachers Affects Their Ability to Solve Higher Order Thinking Problems
Authors: Juniati Dwi , Budayasa I Ketut
Published: February 2024

This study aims to analyze the effects of working memory capacity and learning styles of prospective mathematics teachers on their ability to solve higher-order thinking problems. In the present study, learning style was considered students' tendency to learn visually or verbally. In addition, the types of higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) problems are complex and non-complex. Multiple regression tests were used to analyze the effects of learning style and working memory capacity. An ANOVA test was also conducted to analyze the ability of each group to solve each HOTS problem. In addition, one hundred twenty-six prospective mathematics teachers voluntarily participated in this study. The study found that learning styles only affected visual problems while working memory capacity (WMC) only affected the ability to solve complex problem-solving skills. Furthermore, WMC affected the ability to solve complex HOTS problems, not non-complex ones. The ability of visual students to solve HOTS problems will greatly increase when the problems are presented in visual form. On the other hand, the obstacle for visual students in solving verbal problems was to present the problem appropriately in visual form. The obstacle for students with low WMC in solving complex HOTS problems was to find a solution that met all the requirements set in the problem.
Effect of Light Quality on the Growth and Mechanical Property of Tomato Grafted Seedlings
Authors:   South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642 China, Wang Yichi , Deng Hongxuan ,   South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642 China, Ma Lidan ,   South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642 China, Yan Laiwang ,   South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642 China, Mu Zeyi ,   South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642 China, Mu Yinghui ,   South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642 China, Gu Song ,   South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642 China
Published: February 2024

Seedlin g quality is directly related to the success rate of automatic grafting. To select the suitable light quality for cultivating mechanically grafted tomato seedlings, the effects of different LED light qualities on the morphological parameters and mechanical properties of tomato seedlings were measured in an artificial light environment in a plant factory. Combination of red (R) and blue (B) LEDs as follows: R: B=100:0 (RLT), R: B=75:25(RBI), R: B=50:50(RBII), R: B=25:75(RBIII), R: B=0:100(BLT). The results showed that Red light is beneficial for the elongation of the hypocotyl of seedlings, Blue light is beneficial for the accumulation of dry matter in seedlings and monochromatic red light can reduce the seedling index. The effect of light quality on rootstocks and scions is different. Increasing the proportion of blue light is beneficial for increasing the stem diameter of scions, but it is not significant for the stem diameter of rootstocks. On the 25th to 30th day, the growth rate of stem diameter is the fastest. Based on morphological characteristics, the suitable light quality for rootstocks is RBI and RBII, and scions are RBII and RBIII. The mechanical properties of rootstocks and scions under different light-quality treatments were measured, and the results showed that the mechanical properties of scions were generally better than those of rootstocks. The rootstock has a significantly better bending strength than the scion, while the scion has a significantly better radial and axial compression force than the rootstock. Considering the automatic grafting process and mechanical characteristics, BLT and RBII were selected as the suitable light quality for rootstocks and scions. Based on the influence of comprehensive light quality on morphological and mechanical characteristics, the suitable light quality for cultivating mechanically grafted tomato seedlings is RBII.
Degradation of Dimethyl Phthalate and Diethyl Phthalate by Bacteria Isolated from Jazan, Saudi Arabia
Authors:   Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan 82817, Saudi Arabia, Awaji Nouf A. AL , Oteef Mohammed D. Y. ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan 82817, Saudi Arabia, Essa Ashraf M. M. ,   Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum 123211, Egypt
Published: February 2024

P hthalate esters (PAEs) are commonly utilized in commercial, industrial, and medical applications. Various concentrations of PAEs have been detected in seawater samples and treated wastewater obtained from wastewater treatment plants in Saudi Arabia. Since these compounds pose adverse effects to human health, it is vital to develop efficient strategies to eliminate phthalate contamination from environments. In the present study, an enrichment technique was used to isolate phthalate-degrading bacteria from seawater and from activated sludge collected at Jazan Wastewater Treatment Plant, Saudi Arabia. Bacteria with the capability of degrading dimethyl phthalate (DMP) or diethyl phthalate (DEP) were isolated using minimum salt medium supplemented with these compounds as the sole carbon and energy source. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was utilized to evaluate the residual concentration of DMP and DEP. Using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing technique, the isolates with maximum DMP biodegradation activity were identified as Achromobacter sp. M1 and Pseudomonas sp. M2, while the isolates with maximum DEP biodegradation activity were identified as Pseudomonas sp. E2 and Pseudomonas sp. E3. The optimum bacterial growth was achieved at 30°C, pH 7.0, and 2% NaCl, except for Pseudomonas sp. E3, which demonstrated its maximum growth in the absence of NaCl. The highest biodegradation rate for all the bacterial strains (> 99.0%) was achieved at 30°C, pH 7.0, and up to 2% NaCl within 4 days. Concurrently, Pseudomonas sp. M2 and Pseudomonas sp. E2 exhibited remarkable degradation rates (97.5% and 56.7%, respectively) at 4% NaCl whereas Pseudomonas sp. E3 showed its highest DEP degradation (82.4%) after 4 days in the absence of NaCl. This study offers potential candidates, including Achromobacter sp. M1, Pseudomonas sp. M2, Pseudomonas sp. E2, and Pseudomonas sp. E3, for the proficient biodegradation of DMP and DEP.
COMPORTAMENTO DE CIDADANIA ORGANIZACIONAL DE ESTUDANTES DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO
Authors: Moreira Luana Isabele Olímpio , Correia-Lima Bruno Chaves , Paiva Luis Eduardo Brandão , Lima Tereza Cristina Batista de
Published: February 2024

O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a percepção de Comportamento de Cidadania Organizacional (CCO) dos estudantes do curso de graduação em Administração em relação ao seu local de trabalho. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa e descritiva com a aplicação de um questionário com a Escala de Comportamento de Cidadania Organizacional (ECCO) junto a uma amostra de 258 respondentes. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas por meio do teste de médias e da correlação de Pearson, que possibilitaram inferir que o fator Cooperação com os Colegas de Trabalho obteve maior repetição do Comportamento de Cidadania Organizacional, demonstrando predominância já encontrada em estudos anteriores nacionais que também utilizaram a ECCO. Diante de controvérsias identificadas no campo, a presente pesquisa contribuiu constatando também a ausência de correlações fortes entre as dimensões de CCO e que a Cooperação com Colegas de Trabalho é exercida em maior nível por mulheres e por estudantes que trabalham em organizações públicas.
Optical interconnects in Airbus Space Systems: status, vision and challenges ahead
Authors: Fernandez Laguna Victor Manuel , Shams Haymen , Malagoli Marc
Published: February 2024

In this talk, we will review the on-going developments on optical interconnects and microwave photonics for geostationary orbit telecommunication satellite payloads and platforms at Airbus, the vision beyond 2030 and the challenges ahead to overcome.
Unsupervised underwater imaging based on polarization and binocular depth estimation
Authors: Guo Enlai , Jiang Jian , Shi Yingjie , Bai Lianfa , Han Jing
Published: February 2024

Scattering caused by suspended particles in the water severely reduces the radiance of the scene. This paper proposes an unsupervised underwater restoration method based on binocular estimation and polarization. Based on the correlation between the underwater transmission process and depth, this method combines the depth information and polarization information in the scene, uses the neural network to perform global optimization and the depth information is recalculated and updated in the network during the optimization process, and reduces the error generated by using the polarization image to calculate parameters, so that detailed parts of the image are restored. Furthermore, the method reduces the requirement for rigorous pairing of data compared to previous approaches for underwater imaging using neural networks. Experimental results show that this method can effectively reduce the noise in the original image and effectively preserve the detailed information in the scene.
Eigen-function division multiplexed coherent optical transmission in time domain by using higher-order Hermite-Gaussian pulses
Authors: Nakazawa Masataka , Yoshida Masato , Hirooka Toshihiko
Published: February 2024

We describe a new multiplexing technique and its application to demultiplexing in the time domain by using higher-order Hermite-Gaussian (HG) pulses, which are solutions of the Schrödinger equation. We call this technique eigen-function division multiplexing (EDM). This method enables us to further increase the total transmission capacity by superimposing many different HG pulses in the same time slot. This technique is different from a conventional optical time domain multiplexing (OTDM) technique using interleaving, where one pulse exists only in one time slot. The transmitted EDM HG pulses can be demultiplexed by adopting the time-domain orthogonality of the HG pulses (eigen-function orthogonality). The information carried by the mth-order HG pulse (HGm pulse) can be coherently detected by a photo detector, where photo-mixing with a phase-locked HGm pulse generated by a local oscillator can realize demultiplexing. The overlap integral with a different HG pulse becomes zero due to the time domain orthogonality. First, we show numerically that such a new EDM transmission scheme in the time domain is possible. We then show experimentally that we could successfully carry out an EDM HG coherent pulse transmission with four different HG pulses (HG0, HG1, HG2, and HG3), where we report a 400∼480 Gbit/s (10 Gbaud x 4 eigen-functions x 2 pol-mux.) 32∼64 QAM EDM transmission over 300∼450 km.
pH sensor based on tilted fiber Bragg grating surface plasmon resonance with a polyaniline reaction deposition film layer
Authors: Huang Yan , Wang En-Bo , Li Ping , Cao Jia-Wen , Lyu Guo-Hui
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we propose a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) fiber-optic pH sensor combined with a tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) by continuously coating gold and polyaniline (PANI) onto the surface of a TFBG. The micron-scale thickness polyaniline film provides the sensor with good sensitivity, and it achieves accurate measurement of pH values ranging from 2 to 12 by utilizing the pH-responsive mechanism of PANI and the surface plasmon resonance characteristics. Experimental results show that within the 2-12 pH range, the sensitivity of the TFBG surface plasmon resonance pH sensor based on PANI coating is 0.50335 nm/pH, and results demonstrate, a linear correlation coefficient between wavelength and pH value reaching 0.96614. This indicates significant potential for future engineering applications in real-world pH measurement using this sensor.
Broadband chaos generation in a distributed-feedback laser by selecting residual side modes
Authors: Zhang Luan , Chan Sze-Chun
Published: February 2024

Chaotic dynamics with spectral broadening is experimentally obtained by selective excitation of residual side modes in a distributed-feedback (DFB) laser. For the single-mode laser that emits only at the main mode when free-running, feedback to a residual side mode is introduced via a fiber Bragg grating (FBG). The FBG feedback suppresses the main mode, selectively excites the residual side mode, and generates broadband chaotic dynamics. Such a chaos of the residual side mode has a broad electrical bandwidth reaching at least 26 GHz, which corresponds to a significant broadening by over 50% when compared with the main mode. The dynamics are attributed entirely to the one selected mode without invoking multimode interactions. The wavelength is tunable beyond 10 nm by using different FBGs. Through avoiding multimode interactions, this approach of broadband chaos generation is potentially simple to model and thus promising for applications.
Hybrid Photonics: Integration, Design and Devices: feature issue introduction
Authors: Cueff Sébastien , Poon Joyce , Van Thourhout Dries , Vivien Laurent
Published: February 2024

We introduce the Optical Materials Express feature issue on Hybrid Photonics: Integration, Design and Devices. This issue comprises a collection of ten papers including six invited and four contributed papers from well-established research groups and prominent scientists in the field. These papers cover the development, characterization, control, technologies and applications of hybrid devices for photonics.
Informal welders’ occupational safety and environmental health risks in northwestern Tanzania
Authors: Magoha Leah , Nyanza Elias C. , Asori Moses , Thomas Deborah S.K.
Published: February 2024

Often with minimal formal training and protections, informal welders face significant occupational health and safety (OSH) risks. This cross-sectional study of 219 adult informal welders at 70 informal welding sites in Mwanza City, Tanzania aimed to: 1) capture knowledge and awareness of occupational risks and safety precautions, training, and self-reported work-related injuries and illness and 2) observe worker use of personal protective equipment and site safety. We hypothesized that knowledge, awareness, and site inspections would improve use of PPE and that improved safety and site inspections would reduce self-reported injuries and illness. A generalized linear model (GLM) was used to model all relationships. Robust standard error estimation was used to avoid overestimation of parameters. Having a post-secondary education (aβ = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.962, 1.061;p= 0. 0679), having training in OSH (aβ = 0.927, 95% CI: 0.872, 0.984,p= 0.014), increased knowledge of occupational risks (aβ = 1.305, 95% CI: 1.143, 1.491;p<0.001), and knowledge of safety measures (aβ = 1.112, 95% CI: 0.881, 1.404;p= 0.372) increased PPE use by 1%, 7.3%, 30.5%, and 11.2% respectively. Workers who used PPE were less likely to experience fire explosions (AOR = 0.149, 95% CI: 0.029, 0.751;p= 0.02), radiation exposure (AOR = 0.097, 95% CI: 0.016, 0.579,p= 0.01) or electric shocks (AOR = 0.012; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.11,p<0.001). Having increased knowledge of safety practices also decreased the odds of fire explosions (AOR = 0.075, 95% CI: 0.018, 0.314;p<0.001). Those with higher knowledge of occupational risk (aβ = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.404, 1.756;p<0.001) and safety measures (aβ = 1.628, 95% CI: 1.34, 1.978;p<0.001) were more likely to have more positive attitudes towards safety practices. Our findings suggest that comprehensive targeted interventions including increased knowledge of occupational risks, safety practices, and occupational health law through training, along with enforcement and inspection by government officials, would benefit the environmental and occupational health for informal welders.
Effects of a brief online emotion word learning task on negative emotion differentiation, emotional self-efficacy, and prospective distress: Preliminary findings
Authors: Matt Lindsey M. , Seah T. H. Stanley , Coifman Karin G.
Published: February 2024

Background

Disruptions in emotion processing are common across psychological disorders. Research suggests that emotion differentiation (ED; specificity in language used to characterize one’s emotional experience) and emotional self-efficacy (ESE; perceived ability to understand and manage one’s emotions) are important transdiagnostic factors associated with various psychological benefits. Whether ED and ESE can be improved in adults remains largely unclear.

Methods

Using a longitudinal prospective design, we tested a brief online training targeting emotion word knowledge (vs. a control condition) to see if it improved negative ED (NED) and ESE in a college sample. Moreover, we tested if changes in NED or ESE mediated the effects of the training on levels of psychological distress one week and two-months post-intervention.

Results

Findings provided partial support for our hypotheses. Individuals whose ESE increased post-intervention reported lower levels of distress two months later. Moreover, exploratory analyses revealed those who demonstrated greater training engagement experienced increases in NED that in turn predicted lower distress one-week post-intervention. However, there were no direct effects of intervention group on NED or ESE and distress.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the potential of a remotely-administered emotion-language intervention to influence key dimensions of emotion processing and suggest avenues for further refinement. Both NED and ESE may be malleable for some, and that enhancements in ESE may produce long-term psychological benefits.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of vicinal-Diaryl Pyrazole Ethyl Carboxylate Analogs as Antiproliferative Agent against Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Singh Sandeep , Sharma Rajeev Kumar , Singh Aishwarya , Garg Manoj , Ramajayam R.
Published: February 2024

vicinal Diaryl scaffold possessing various heterocycles displayed versatile pharmacological activities ranging from antibacterial to antiviral. Herein, the synthesis of novel vicinal diaryl pyrazole ethyl carboxylate analogs as central ring and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against pancreatic cancer line, PANC-1. Among the synthesized 27 compounds, six compounds displayed the IC50 value for antiproliferative activity in single digit micromolar. The cytotoxicity results of the synthesized compounds especially compound 25 (IC50 = 4.8 µM) confirms that these analogs may require further investigation.
INSTRUÇÃO POR INDICAÇÕES CIRCUNSTANCIAIS
Authors: SILVA OSMAR HENRIQUE MOURA , LABURU CARLOS EDUARDO
Published: February 2024

Os signos do tipo indicações circunstanciais ocorrem de maneira indireta durante a comunicação do professor, de modo a constituírem um tipo de signo colateral de auxílio ao significado das mensagens dos sinais efetuados por ele. Enquanto os sinais são signos comunicados explicitamente compondo o eixo principal do discurso, as indicações circunstanciais são transmitidas de forma tergiversada com a finalidade de refinar a compreensão das mensagens, tornando a aprendizagem mais significativa. O presente trabalho investiga a aplicação de uma instrução por indicações circunstanciais durante o estudo do consumo de energia elétrica de chuveiros em alunos do nível médio de ensino de uma escola da rede pública. Os resultados do episódio analisado indicam uma proposta de ensino e aprendizagem de interesse ao educador científico que leva em conta o modelo instrucional construtivista.
Autologous Gastrointestinal Graft-vs-Host Disease in a Patient With Multiple Myeloma and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Raza Hasan , Naffouj Sandra , Guzman Grace , Shuja Asim
Published: February 2024

Graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is notably a serious complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). However, GI GVHD has rarely been reported in autologous HSCT, and the pathophysiology remains unclear. Diagnosing GVHD after autologous HSCT requires a high level of clinical suspicion, given its nonspecific clinical presentation and endoscopic findings necessitating a histological diagnosis for confirmation. We present a case of autologous GVHD involving the GI tract in a patient with multiple myeloma who responded well to corticosteroids, highlighting the importance of early identification of this rare entity to initiate therapy and improve outcomes.
Single-Session Endoscopic Ultrasound-Directed Transgastric Intervention for a Fine Needle Biopsy of Pancreatic Head Mass Using Endoscopic Through-the-Scope Suturing in a Patient With Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Anatomy
Authors: Bassi Raghav , Macedo Francis I. , Perbtani Yaseen , Brar Tony S.
Published: February 2024

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a diagnostic tool used to examine pancreatic lesions. In patients who have undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, lesions of the pancreatic head can be difficult to access because of altered foregut anatomy. To access the excluded stomach for better visualization of the pancreatic head, EUS-directed transgastric intervention can be used in a 2-step fashion. We present an interesting case of a 62-year-old woman who underwent a single-session modified EUS-directed transgastric intervention with a fine needle biopsy of a pancreatic head mass. A novel through-the-scope suturing system, the X-tack system (Apollo Endosurgery, Austin, TX), was used to allow for a successful single-session procedure.
Análisis de accesibilidad y visibilidad para los portales académicos de las universidades de Cartagena
Authors: Herrera Mendoza María Alejandra , Chanchí Golondrino Gabriel Elías , Puello Marrugo Plinio
Published: February 2024

Introduction: With the growing demand for applications in the market, companies have increasingly focused on meeting the technological needs of the average user, often overlooking those with functional diversity. Consequently, accessibility has emerged as a critical challenge across various contexts, particularly within the educational sphere, where the diverse range of individuals accessing web content is particularly pronounced. Objective: This paper presents a study centered on the accessibility inspection of six university websites located in the city of Cartagena. The primary aim is to ascertain the relationship between the integration of accessibility guidelines and web positioning factors as determined by Webometrics. Methodology: The methodology comprises five distinct phases: website selection, tool selection for inspection, execution of accessibility inspection, analysis of obtained results, and formulation of conclusions and recommendations. Results: The study revealed a correlation exceeding 0.8 between the local ranking of universities according to Webometrics and the ranking of accessibility issues identified through automated inspection tools. Conclusions: It is recommended that educational institutions adopt automatic web evaluation tools to enhance the accessibility of their institutional websites. This regular review and rectification of issues represent best practices for improving both local and international visibility and usability.
Child grooming: una exégesis del artículo 183 CP tras la controvertida reforma de los delitos contra la libertad sexual
Authors: Abadías Selma Alfredo
Published: February 2024

En un momento histórico de avances tecnológicos imparables, la humanidad dispone de grandes oportunidades y desafíos que debe gestionar. Así pues, en el presente estudio, partiendo de una introducción contextual se pretende llevar a cabo una profunda exégesis del artículo 183 del Código penal español, que castiga el delito de embaucamiento de menores o “child grooming”. Se realiza un estudio dogmático con apuntes criminológicos de los elementos estructurales del delito que indicamos con el sustento de la doctrina científica más actual y especializada, así como con la aportación de la jurisprudencia más relevante y representativa. Todo ello persigue, como corolario, la aportación de una de serie de conclusiones y propuestas, algunas de lege ferenda, para regular un delito que podemos afirmar que posiblemente ha pasado demasiado desapercibido ante la última y polémica reforma de los delitos contra la libertad sexual.
Introduction. Social Work in the D-A-CH Region
Authors: Hopmann Benedikt , Schmitt Caroline , Witte Matthias D.
Published: February 2024

Article is describing development of social work in D-A-CH region (Germany, Austria and Switzerland), it growth and state of interest. It mention the ever-increasing social problems in Europe as well as some of possible solutions of mentioned ones. It underline overall social importance of social work and present some of national and international social work organizations.
What Is the Tattvasaṅgraha About? Kamalaśīla on the Fourteen Qualifiers of the pratītyasamutpāda
Authors: Matsuoka Hiroko
Published: February 2024

The Tattvasaṅgraha (TS) has been considered a comprehensive encyclopedia of both Buddhist and non-Buddhist philosophical subjects. According to Kamalaśīla’s Vajracchedikāṭīkā, however, the refutations of objections (*codyaparihāra) by other systems of thought is merely a means to indirectly make the reader understand the topic (*abhidheya) and ultimately achieve the purpose (*prayojana) of the work. The topic of TS is “the true states [of things]” (tattva), which is interpreted by Kamalaśīla as “the various qualifiers of the entities that have arisen having depended on causes and conditions” (pratītyasamutpāda=pratītyasamutpanna) enumerated in TS 1–6ab. It is well-known that the first ten qualifiers of the pratītyasamutpāda in TS 1–4ab correspond to the topics of the first twenty-three chapters of TS, while the remaining elements in TS 4cd–6abc were known to be difficult to allocate to specific chapters. This paper sheds light on the possibility of analyzing the latter elements as well, suggesting that they form the qualifiers of the pratītyasamutpāda. Consequently, the eleventh and twelfth qualifiers of the pratītyasamutpāda, “which is free from all conceptual proliferation” and “which is not understood by others” in TS 4cd, qualify the pratītyasamutpāda as the object of the Buddha’s cognition characterized by the negation of conceptual cognition and heathen cognition. They summarize the first twenty-three chapters and all twenty-six chapters, respectively. Furthermore, the qualifications of the Buddha who teaches the pratītyasamutpāda in TS 5–6abc are convertible to the thirteenth and fourteen qualifications of the pratītyasamutpāda, “which is taught by [the direct seer] who does not depend on an autonomous Veda” and “which is taught by the Omniscient One for whom the great compassion became natural.” These paired qualities, wisdom (prajñā) and compassion (dayā), form the essential qualities of a qualified teacher of the pratītyasamutpāda and are described in Chs. 24–25 and Ch. 26, respectively.
On the Omniscience of the Buddha and aśeṣajñāna as Discussed in the Final Chapter of the Tattvasaṃgrahapañjikā
Authors: Satō Chigaku
Published: February 2024

The final chapter of the Tattvasaṃgrahapañjikā (TSP) contains a lengthy discussion on omniscience. In this paper, I will first review the relationship between the idea that the Buddha is a pramāṇa, as presented in the Pramāṇavārttika, and the view of the omniscient one in the TSP. I will then examine the concept of “remainderless” (aśeṣa) discussed in Devendrabuddhi’s Pramāṇavārttikapañjikā (PVP) and in Jinendrabuddhi’s Pramāṇasamuccayaṭīkā (PSṬ) to show that the understanding of aśeṣa in the PVP and the PSṬ is related to Kamalaśīla’s understanding of the omniscient one. Finally, I will propose that the concept of aśeṣajñāna can serve as key to considering Dharmakīrtian’s understanding of the omniscient one.
On Verbal Cognition: Śāntarakṣita’s and Kamalaśīla’s Treatment of vivakṣā
Authors: Sferra Francesco
Published: February 2024

Jinendrabuddhi, Śāntarakṣita and Kamalaśīla are those who, while putting the ‘intention of the speaker’ (vivakṣā) at the core of their analysis of verbal communication, opt for a formal and technical treatment of the topic. In order to prove through coherent arguments that śābdajñāna is inference and therefore to support Dignāga’s reduction of the valid means of correct knowledge, they all identify vivakṣā with the property-possessor (dharmin) or probandum (sādhya), and śabda (‘word’) with the logical mark (liṅga) or probans (sādhana). They do so to counteract the criticisms of the opponents (Kumārila first of all). Nevertheless, while Jinendrabuddhi, following Dharmakīrti, recognizes the sheer pragmatic value of verbal cognition, Śāntarakṣita and Kamalaśīla seem to follow Dignāga more closely and also recognize its epistemic value. The purpose of this article is precisely to describe the essential points of the arguments of Śāntarakṣita and Kamalaśīla, and show their most original aspects.
Sleep quality and its association with anxiety, stress, sleep-related beliefs and attitudes and postural control in young adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tanwar Tarushi , Aldabbas Mosab , Iram Iram , Veqar Zubia
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Adequate sleep is essential for young adults, as this age group primarily consists of students, job seekers, and working people constantly managing a hectic lifestyle. Poor quality of sleep, which is essential for physical and mental well-being in the short and long term, can result in impaired overall health. However, there exists a gap in the literature regarding the factors affecting sleep among young adults. Hence, the objective of this study was to find the prevalence of sleep-related parameters (sleep health, hygiene, and sleep-related beliefs and attitudes) and potential risk factors for sleep quality and to investigate the association between sleep and postural control in young adults.

Methods

This prospective, cross-sectional, analytical study included 181 young adults, 113 (62.43 %) females, and 68 (37.57 %) males, with a mean age of 23.82 ± 2.88 years. Sleep quality, health, beliefs, hygiene, stress, anxiety, and depression were assessed using questionnaires. Postural control was assessed using center of pressure (COP) indices.

Results

The overall prevalence of poor sleep quality was 79.01 % among young adults. Multiple linear regression showed that predictors explained 44 % of sleep quality variance (adjusted R square=0.44, f (12,168) = 20.91, p<0.05). Poor sleep-related beliefs and attitudes (95 % CI [0.037, 0.679], p=0.029), higher perceived stress (95 % CI [0.005, 0.219], p=0.039), higher anxiety severity (95 % CI [0.108, 0.526], p=0.003), and poor COP stability index A/P (95 % CI [4.986, 11.248], p=0.00) were found to be significant predictors of poor sleep quality.

Conclusions

High anxiety and stress, and poor dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep are predictors of poor sleep quality in young adults. These factors may significantly affect sleep quality and the experience of restful sleep among young adults. Also, poor sleep quality is associated with reduced postural control (decreased stability in the A/P direction). These findings are crucial for improving young adults’ overall health and well-being, as poor sleep is highly prevalent among this age group.
High modulation effects on hybrid optical fiber links and OWC Channel based on optical DP-QSK transceiver systems
Authors: Prabu Ramachandran Thandaiah , Balakrishnan Balamuralitharan , Praveena Hirald Dwaraka , Vijayan Thulasi Bai , Xavier Benisha Maria , Perumal Elayaraja , Zain Wafaa Fahim Hossam
Published: February 2024

This study clarified the simulation of the high modulation effects on hybrid optical fiber links and OWC channel based on optical DP-QSK transceiver systems. The optimum lighted signal power band with the spectral wavelength after optical wireless communication channel is clarified. Total lighted form band power after optical fiber cable channel is studied. Total lighted form band power form after optical wireless communication channel is shown in numerical values. The total electrical band power form after optical DPSK receiver based optical fiber cable channel is demonstrated. Total base electrical band power form after optical DPSK receiver based optical wireless communication channel is clarified. Base band signal base form per noise base band form ratio is studied and numerical clarified after optical DPSK receiver against propagation length for both OFC and OWC channels. Total lighted base form power versus propagation length based both OFC and OWC channels is demonstrated. Optimum lighted form base power band form with time after optical fiber cable channel is studied. The max lighted form base power band form with time after optical wireless communication channel is simulated. Optimum lighted signal power band with the spectral wavelength after optical fiber cable channel is demonstrated. The total base electrical band form power after optical DPSK receiver is clarified numerically against propagation length for both OFC and OWC channels.
Effectiveness of osteopathic manipulative applications on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in youth with major depressive disorder: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Pala Ömer O. , Çıtaker Seyit , Güney Esra , Sepici Aylin , Güveli Güner M. , Arslan Burak , Gürü Meltem
Published: February 2024

Context

Osteopathic treatments regulate the neurovegetative system through joint mobilizations and manipulations, and myofascial and craniosacral techniques. Despite the growing body of research, the precise impact of osteopathic medicine on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is not yet fully elucidated. As to Kuchera's techniques, the stimulation of the sympathetic trunk and prevertebral ganglia contributed to harmonization of the sympathetic activity. However, potential relationships between the harmonization of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis largely remain uncertain and warrant further exploration.

Objectives

This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the osteopathic sympathetic harmonization (OSH) on the SNS and the HPA axis in youth with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods

The study included 39 youths aged 15–21 years and diagnosed with MDD. The participants were randomly assigned into either the OSH or the placebo group. Stimulation was performed on the sympathetic truncus and prevertebral ganglia in the OSH group. The stimulation of the placebo group was performed with a lighter touch and a shorter duration in similar areas. Each participant completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (SAI and TAI) before the application. Blood pressure (BP) and pulse measurements were made, and saliva samples were taken before, immediately after, and 20 min after application.

Results

The baseline BDI (p=0.617) and TAI (p=0.322) scores were similar in both groups. Although the SAI scores decreased in both groups postintervention, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. Subjects who received OSH had a decrease in α-amylase level (p=0.028) and an increase in cortisol level (p=0.009) 20 min after the procedure.

Conclusions

Following OSH application in depressed youth, SNS activity may decrease, whereas HPA axis activity may increase. Future studies may examine the therapeutic efficacy of repeated OSH applications in depressed individuals.
Investigation of Li–Be and B halides as blanket in future fusion molten salt reactor
Authors: Yıldız Ercan , Aksakal Hüsnü
Published: February 2024

FLIBE (LiF–BeF2) is both a nuclear reactor coolant and a solvent for fertile or fissile materials. FLIBE can also dissolve a variety of fissile and fertile materials such as uranium, thorium and plutonium and has the ability to serve as liquid fuel for molten salt reactors (MSRs). It’s very high thermal capacity and chemical stability are among its other valuable properties. In addition, the low atomic weights of lithium, beryllium and to a lesser extent fluorine make FLIBE an effective neutron moderator. In this study, cross-section values were determined by using various level density models (constant temperature + Fermi gas, back-shifted Fermi gas, generalized superfluid, microscopic level density models) for reactions of 19F(n, α)16N, 19F(n, p)19O, 35Cl(n, α)32P, 35Cl(n, p)35S and 79Br(n, α)76As, 79Br(n, p)79Se, 127I(n, α)124Sb, 127I(n, p)127Te using TALYS 1.95 code and these datas are compared with the values in the EXFOR database.
The cautionary tale of Peirce’s logical interpretant
Authors: Jappy Tony
Published: February 2024

In 1904, Peirce described to Lady Welby a six-division typology composed of the sign, two objects, and a trio of interpretants for which he subsequently proposed numerous denominations. Of the three, the final interpretant was particularly problematic, and over the years Peirce experimented with at least eight different identifying terms such as “final,” “rational,” “normal,” “eventual,” etc. One group of interpretants is especially interesting as it only occurs in a single manuscript but has attracted considerable critical attention, namely the emotional, energetic, and logical interpretant series in a projected article of 1907. The paper examines the description of these, paying particular attention to the logical interpretant, and suggests how important aspects of the logic determining how Peirce defined them may have been neglected or ignored by researchers. It first shows how the group was presented, how the logical interpretant related to Peirce’s purpose in the article, how it related to a restricted conception of the dynamic object in the manuscript, and explains through an analysis of its logical complications why Peirce was led to abandon it. These considerations suggest that much of the critical attention that the logical interpretant in particular has generated might be incomplete or, more seriously, nonsense.
The crystal structure of 1,2,4-tris(bromomethyl)benzene, C9H9Br3
Authors: Jiang Da-Chun , Zhu Hai-Yuan
Published: February 2024

C9H9Br3, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 8.7420(4) Å, b = 4.4696(2) Å, c = 13.3526(6) Å, β = 97.785(2)°, V = 516.92(4) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0235, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0528, T = 150 K.

CCDC no.: 2332847
Cyclodextrins-block copolymer drug delivery systems: From design and development to preclinical studies
Authors: Saitani Elmina-Marina , Selianitis Dimitrios , Pippa Natassa , Pispas Stergios , Valsami Georgia
Published: February 2024

Cyclodextrin (CD)-block copolymer hybrid systems have recently received great attention from the pharmaceutical and materials research community because this combination can result in new biomaterials and supramolecular structures, which possess the physicochemical and thermotropic properties of both classes of materials. Different structures of CD-block copolymer systems have been described (i.e., micelles, vehicles, core-shell structures, nanospheres, and membranes) and they can encapsulate active pharmaceutical ingredients or other bioactive compounds. The aim of this review is to summarize several examples, the properties, the morphological and physicochemical characteristics, the added value, the techniques used for their preparation and characterization, as well as the limitations of CD-block copolymer systems. Taking into consideration the wide variety of block copolymers and CD materials and the expected beneficial characteristics/behavior following their complexation, we could suggest them as new-generation formulations in the upcoming years.
Artificial Intelligence’s Role in Digitally Preserving Historic Archives
Authors: Teel Zoë (Abbie)
Published: February 2024

The term “Artificial Intelligence” (AI) is increasingly permeating public consciousness as it has gained more popularity in recent years, especially within the landscape of academia and libraries. AI in libraries has been a trending subject of interest for some time, as within the library there are numerous departments that serve a role in collectively contributing to the library’s mission. Consequently, it is imperative to consider AI’s influence on the digital preservation of historic documents. This paper delves into the historical evolution of preservation methods driven by technological advancements as, throughout history, libraries, archives, and museums have grappled with the challenge of preserving historical collections, while many of the traditional preservation methods are costly and involve a lot of manual (human) effort. AI being the catalyst for transformation could change this reality and perhaps redefine the process of preservation; thus, this paper explores the emerging trend of incorporating AI technology into preservation practices and provides predictions regarding the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence in preservation for the future. With that in mind, this paper addresses the following questions: could AI be what changes or creates a paradigm shift in how preservation is done?; and could it be the thing that will change the way history is safeguarded?
Influence of Growth, Maturation, and Sex on Maximal Power, Force, and Velocity During Overground Sprinting
Authors: Sudlow Anthony , Galantine Paul , Del Sordo Giovanna , Raymond Jean-Jacques , Dalleau Georges , Peyrot Nicolas , Duché Pascale
Published: February 2024

Sudlow, A, Galantine, P, Del Sordo, G, Raymond, J-J, Dalleau, G, Peyrot, N, and Duché, P. Influence of growth, maturation, and sex on maximal power, force, and velocity during overground sprinting. J Strength Cond Res 38(3): 491–500, 2024—In pediatric populations maximal anaerobic power, force, and velocity capabilities are influenced by changes in body dimensions and muscle function. The aim of this study was to investigate the influences of growth, maturation, and sex on short-term anaerobic performance. One hundred forty children pre-, mid-, and postpeak height velocity performed two 30-m sprints concurrently measured using a radar device. Maximal power (P
max), force (F
0), and velocity (v
0) were calculated from sprint velocity-time data and normalized using sex-specific, multiplicative, allometric models containing body mass, fat-free mass (FFM), or height, and chronological age. Absolute values for P
max, F
0, and v
0 were higher with increasing maturity (p < 0.01; d ≥ 0.96), and boys had greater outputs than girls (p < 0.01; d ≥ 1.19). When P
max and v
0 were scaled all maturity-related and sex-related differences were removed. When F
0 was scaled using models excluding age, all maturity-related differences were removed except for the least mature group (p < 0.05; d ≥ 0.88) and boys maintained higher values than girls (p < 0.05; d ≥ 0.92). All maturity-related and sex-related differences were removed when F
0 was scaled using models including age. Maturity-related and sex-related variance in P
max and v
0 can be entirely explained when FFM, height, and chronological age are accounted for. Regarding F
0, there seems to be a threshold after which the inclusion of age is no longer necessary to account for maturity-related differences. In young prepubertal children, the inclusion of age likely accounts for deficits in neuromuscular capacities and motor skills, which body dimensions cannot account for. Practitioners should focus on eliciting neural adaptations and enhancing motor coordination in prepubertal children to improve anaerobic performance during overground sprinting.
Validity of Using the Load-Velocity Relationship to Estimate 1 Repetition Maximum in the Back Squat Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: LeMense Andrew T. , Malone Grant T. , Kinderman Michael A. , Fedewa Michael V. , Winchester Lee J.
Published: February 2024

LeMense, AT, Malone, GT, Kinderman, MA, Fedewa, MV, and Winchester, LJ. Validity of using the load-velocity relationship to estimate 1 repetition maximum in the back squat exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 38(3): 612–619, 2024—The one repetition maximum (1RM) test is commonly used to assess muscular strength. However, 1RM testing can be time consuming, physically taxing, and may be difficult to perform in athletics team settings with practice and competition schedules. Alternatively, 1RM can be estimated from bar or movement velocity at submaximal loads using the minimum velocity threshold (MVT) method based on the load-velocity relationship. Despite its potential utility, this method's validity has yielded inconsistent results. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the validity of estimated 1RM from bar velocity in the back squat exercise. A systematic search of 3 electronic databases was conducted using combinations of the following keywords: “velocity-based training,” “load-velocity profiling,” “mean velocity,” “mean propulsive velocity,” “peak velocity,” “maximal strength,” “1RM,” “estimation,” “prediction,” “back squat,” and “regression.” The search identified 372 unique articles, with 4 studies included in the final analysis. Significance was defined as a p level less than 0.05. A total of 27 effects from 71 subjects between the ages of 17–25 years were analyzed; 85.2% of effects were obtained from male subjects. Measured 1RMs ranged from 86.5 to 153.1 kg, whereas estimated 1RMs ranged from 88.6 to 171.6 kg. Using a 3-level random effects model, 1RM back squat was overestimated when derived from bar velocity using the MVT method (effect sizes [ES] = 0.5304, 95% CI: 0.1878–0.8730, p = 0.0038). The MVT method is not a viable option for estimating 1RM in the free weight back squat. Strength and conditioning professionals should exercise caution when estimating 1RM from the load-velocity relationship.
Evaluations of the Elevated Temperature Tensilde and Creep-Rupture Properties of C-Mo, Mn-Mo and Mn-Mo-Ni Steels
Authors: Smith G. V.
Published: February 2024

This report evaluates the elevated temperature strength properties of carbon-moly steel, and various modified versions of that steel commonly identified as manganese-molybdenum or manganese-molybdenum-nickel steels. The data that have been evaluated encompass test results previously included in ASTM Data Series DS 6 (1953) and DS6-S1 (1966), and previously unpublished test results gathered by The Metal Properties Council.
Low-Temperature Pumpability Characteristics of Engine Oils in Full-Scale Engines
Authors:   ASTM Committee D02
Published: February 2024

Low-temperature engine oil pumpability data have been obtained on thirteen ASTM Pumpability Reference Oils in seven full-scale test engines. Borderline Pumping Temperatures based on gallery oil pressure traces were determined for all thirteen Reference Oils in four of the test engines, and for nine of the Reference Oils in all seven test engines. Data were also obtained as to the type of flow failure occurring (air-binding or flow-limited) and on rocker arm oiling times.
Shear Stability of Multigrade Crankcase Oil
Authors:   ASTM Committee D02
Published: February 2024

Extensive field test data have been obtained which can serve as a basis for evaluating the ability of various laboratory methods to predict the shear stability of multigrade crankcase oils. This basis was developed by determining the average viscosity changes of one single grade and twelve multigrade reference oils in six separate car fleets. The twelve multigrade oils were formulated with all of the chemical types of VI improvers currently in use, or likely to be used, in the near future.
References and Conference Proceedings Towards the Understanding of Fracture Mechanics
Authors: Toor Pir M. , Hudson C. Michael
Published: February 2024

Castastrophic failure of Liberty Ships and T-2 tankers during Word War II and many ships' failures thereafter instigated extensive research into the problem of brittle fracture. Later, the failure of missiles and aircraft gave a new boost to fracture research in the late 50's and 60's. New concepts of fatigue analysis and fracture are being continuously established and refined.