bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Representing weather‐year variation in whole‐farm optimisation models: Four‐stage single‐sequence vs eight‐stage multi‐sequence
Authors: Young Michael , Young John , Kingwell Ross S. , Vercoe Philip E.
Published: November 2023

The trade‐off between accuracy and complexity is a common issue faced in farm systems analysis. To provide insights into the importance of representing weather‐year sequence in farm modelling, two whole‐farm optimisation models are constructed and applied to a mixed enterprise farming system in a subregion of Western Australia. The frameworks are (i) four‐stage single‐sequence stochastic programming with recourse (4‐SPR) to capture weather‐year variation and management tactics tailored to each weather‐year and (ii) eight‐stage multi‐sequence stochastic programming with recourse (8‐SPR) to outline weather‐year sequences and management tactics tailored to particular weather‐year sequences. Results show that single‐year stochastic programming generates similar expected profit and strategic management as multi‐year stochastic programming. However, optimal tactical farm management is affected by the outcome of the previous year. Tactical decision‐making in response to the outcome of the preceding weather‐year increases profitability by 14%. Technology changes over the last decade, particularly the increase in computer speed and computational power, increase the ease of construction and application of the 4‐SPR and 8‐SPR frameworks. Nonetheless, choosing which framework is best to apply to a particular issue or opportunity remains a challenge.
Perceived effectiveness of assistive devices and support services provided to students with visual impairment in mainstream classrooms in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Mustafa Ashraf , Opoku Maxwell Peprah , Hamdan Ahmed , Safi Mohammed , Mohamed Enas
Published: November 2023

Students with disabilities such as visual impairment (VI) face challenges in accessing education, mainly owing to their inability to participate in learning activities in the classroom. While experts in special education have discussed the deployment of assistive technology (AT) to support the learning of students with VI, research on its impact is very scarce, especially in non‐western countries such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE). To bridge this gap, this study explored special education teachers' perceptions regarding the effectiveness of AT in supporting the learning and mobility of students with VI in schools. A total of 228 special education teachers from three regions in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, UAE, participated in the study. The participants completed an assistive technology for VI scale, and the data were subjected to mean score computation, multivariate analyses of variance and correlation and hierarchical multiple regression. Participants rated the impact of AT highly with regard to the reading, writing and orientation and mobility skills of students with VI. Interestingly, the orientation/mobility sub‐scale showed an association with teacher experience and location. The article discusses the practical implications of the findings as well as directions for future research.
Measuring safety perceptions of students with behavioural problems in special education: A validation study of the safe at school questionnaire
Authors: Van der Helm G. H. P. , Klapwijk G.J. , Roest J. J. , Kuiper C. H. Z. , Scholte R. H. J. , Stams G. J. J. M.
Published: November 2023

Assessment and monitoring of safety in special education schools is imperative to establish and maintain a safe environment in which students can develop academic and social–emotional skills. The present study describes the development of a student self‐report measure, the Safe at School questionnaire. Factorial validity, reliability and concurrent validity was examined in a construction sample of 280 students (68.6% male, age M = 13.29, SD = 2.52) and a validation sample of 1572 students (77.4% male; age M = 14.33, SD = 2.04), representing 233 classes from 20 schools for special education in the Netherlands. Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the factor structure of the Safe at School questionnaire. A model with three correlating factors at the within‐ and between‐group level (Rules and Social Norms, Perceived Own Safety and Perceived Safety of Other Students) showed a satisfactory fit to the data. Reliabilities of the scales were good. Also, measurement invariance for gender was demonstrated, indicating no differences in latent means between boys and girls. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Store‐and‐forward (asynchronous) doctor‐to‐dermatologist non‐skin cancer specific teledermatology services in Australia: A scoping review
Authors: Lee Celine Jessica , Boyce Aaron , Chequer de Souza Julia , Evans Rebecca
Published: November 2023

Store‐and‐forward teledermatology (SAFT) has become increasingly popular as a means to increase access to specialist care and address healthcare disparities such as those experienced by rural communities. A contemporary systematic overview of the Australian SAFT services and outcomes for all dermatological conditions is missing. This scoping review provides an overview of Australian SAFT models. Twelve studies were identified through web databases, grey literature sites and reference lists of eligible articles. Eligibility criteria included studies evaluating doctor‐to‐dermatologist Australian SAFT services provided to Australians for all skin conditions but excluded the studies that solely focused on skin cancers. Data on study design, setting, population, SAFT model, referral characteristics, patient, and general practitioner perspectives, diagnostic concordance, and measured outcomes such as follow up, investigation and waiting time were extracted. Quality of the included studies was assessed using CASP tools. Synthesis reveals that SAFT can be used for patients with any dermatological condition, provides more accurate diagnostics compared to cases without dermatologist input, may reduce waiting times for dermatological expertise, and users generally had positive experiences with SAFT. Although results are positive, this review reveals the heterogenous nature of the literature on SAFT in Australia and a need to establish a uniform approach to assessing the outcomes and impacts of such services.
Association of human leukocyte antigen‐G and ‐F with recurrent miscarriage and implantation failure: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Han Nana , Xia Wanting , Zhu Can , Zhang Xuan , Wang Fan , Yin Zhixing , Zeng Qian
Published: November 2023

Problem

The immune system plays an essential role in embryonic implantation and pregnancy, but the molecular details remain controversial. In the past four decades, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐G and ‐F have garnered significant attention.

Method of Study

MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Trials Registry were searched from their inception dates until December 2022. Studies were selected following PRISMA guidelines. Meta‐analyses were used to assess the relationship of soluble HLA‐G (sHLA‐G) and HLA‐G 3′‐untranslated region polymorphisms with recurrent miscarriage (RM) and recurrent implantation failure (RIF). Narrative synthesis was conducted to determine the association of RM with other single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and HLA‐G protein in tissues and of RIF with HLA‐F. Risk‐of‐bias was assessed using ROBINS‐I. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's and Begg's tests.

Results

Finally, 42 articles were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review (32 in the meta‐analysis; 13 in narrative synthesis). We found a significant association between the 14‐bp ins/del HLA‐G polymorphism and RM risk, but no definitive association with RIF risk. Women with RM had lower blood concentrations of sHLA‐G during pregnancy and non‐pregnancy than did controls. For women in the RIF group, no significant difference was found.

Conclusion

HLA‐G protein and gene expression levels may be closely related to RM. The relevance of HLA‐G to RIF is still being determined. A narrative synthesis of current studies has shown that HLA‐F is likely associated with RIF.
Associations between the aetiology of preterm birth and mortality and neurodevelopment up to 11 years
Authors: Grönroos Linda , Rautava Päivi , Setänen Sirkku , Nyman Anna , Ekholm Eeva , Lehtonen Liisa , Ylijoki Milla ,   PIPARI Study Group
Published: November 2023

Aim

To investigate how the aetiology of very preterm birth/very low birth weight is associated with mortality and later neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Methods

Very preterm/very low‐birth weight singletons were categorised based on the aetiology of preterm birth: spontaneous preterm birth (n = 47, 28.1%), preterm premature rupture of membranes (n = 56, 33.5%) or placental vascular pathology (n = 64, 38.3%). Mortality, cerebral palsy, severe cognitive impairment by 11 years of age (<2SD) and mean full‐scale intelligence quotient at 11 years were studied in association with birth aetiology.

Results

There was no difference in mortality or rate of cerebral palsy according to birth aetiologies. The rate of severe cognitive impairment was lower (4.9% vs. 15.3%) in the preterm premature rupture of the membrane group in comparison to the placental vascular pathology group (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.03–0.9, adjusted for gestational age). At 11 years, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean full‐scale intelligence quotient.

Conclusion

Placental vascular pathology, as the aetiology of very preterm birth/very low birth weight, is associated with a higher rate of severe cognitive impairments in comparison to preterm premature rupture of membranes, although there was no difference in the mean full‐scale intelligence quotient at 11 years. The aetiology of very preterm birth/very low birth weight was not associated with mortality or the rate of cerebral palsy.
Race, ethnicity, and indications for primary cesarean birth: Associations within a national birth center registry
Authors: Manns‐James Laura , Vines Shaughanassee , Alliman Jill , Hoehn‐Velasco Lauren , Stapleton Susan , Wright Jennifer , Jolles Diana
Published: November 2023

Background

Racial and ethnic disparities in cesarean rates in the United States are well documented. This study investigated whether cesarean inequities persist in midwife‐led birth center care, including for individuals with the lowest medical risk.

Methods

National registry records of 174,230 childbearing people enrolled in care in 115 midwifery‐led birth center practices between 2007 and 2022 were analyzed for primary cesarean rates and indications by race and ethnicity. The lowest medical risk subsample (n = 70,521) was analyzed for independent drivers of cesarean birth.

Results

Primary cesarean rates among nulliparas (15.5%) and multiparas (5.7%) were low for all enrollees. Among nulliparas in the lowest‐risk subsample, non‐Latinx Black (aOR = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.15–1.63), Latinx (aOR = 1.51; 95% CI, 1.32–1.73), and Asian participants (aOR = 1.48; 95% CI, 1.19–1.85) remained at higher risk for primary cesarean than White participants. Among multiparas, only Black participants experienced a higher primary cesarean risk (aOR = 1.49; 95% CI, 1.02–2.18). Intrapartum transfers from birth centers were equivalent or lower for Black (14.0%, p = 0.345) and Latinx (12.7%, p < 0.001) enrollees. Black participants experienced a higher proportion of primary cesareans attributed to non‐reassuring fetal status, regardless of risk factors. Place of admission was a stronger predictor of primary cesarean than race or ethnicity.

Conclusions

Place of first admission in labor was the strongest predictor of cesarean. Racism as a chronic stressor and a determinant of clinical decision‐making reduces choice in birth settings and may increase cesarean rates. Research on components of birth settings that drive inequitable outcomes is warranted.
Construction play frequency and relations with spatial ability and mathematics performance
Authors: McDougal E. , Gilligan‐Lee K. A. , Gilmore C. , Farran E. K.
Published: November 2023

The nature of the home mathematics environment (which includes numerical and spatial activities at home) is related to children's spatial and mathematics performance. The current study investigated concrete and digital construction play frequency and relations with spatial and mathematical skills. Participants aged 7–9 years (N = 634) reported their frequency of construction play (concrete and digital) and completed direct measures of spatial ability and mathematics performance. Correlations between measures revealed no association between construction play frequency and outcome measures. This suggests that quantity of construction play is not pertinent for spatial and mathematics skills, however future research should explore whether quality of play is an important factor.
Validation of the 10‐Item Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis‐Handicap Index quality of life questionnaire
Authors: Hernández‐Sandemetrio Rosa , Oishi Natsuki , López‐Sánchez Isabel , García‐López Isabel , Zapater Enrique
Published: November 2023

Objectives

To validate and test the reliability of the 10‐Item Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis‐Voice Handicap Index (UVFP‐HI‐10) quality of life (QoL) questionnaire for patients with UVFP.

Design

Prospective describe study based on perceptive surveys.

Participants

We recruited 61 patients with UVFP and 53 healthy individuals comprised the control group.

Main Outcome Measures

Both the patients and controls completed the UVFP‐HI‐10 questionnaire. A statistical analysis was performed to assess the internal consistency and validity of the survey. In addition, maximum phonation time (MPT) was used to objectively measure patient QoL.

Results

Internal consistency was high (α = .914) and the correlation with MPT was significant (rs = −0.722). The estimated marginal mean in the discriminant validity study was around seven times higher in the UVFP group compared to the controls. The UVFP‐HI‐10 cut‐off value was more than 0.9 and the sensitivity and specificity were more than 0.8.

Conclusions

The UVFP‐HI‐10 is a self‐administered patient‐reported outcome questionnaire with a high reliability and excellent criterion‐based validity. This questionnaire can be used to evaluate specific clinical complaints (e.g., vocalisation, swallowing, and breathing) in terms of their impact on QoL in patients with UVFP. Thus, its use is appropriate as a basic assessment tool as part of a specific UVFP treatment protocol.
Identification of the allergenic sensitizing potential of bisphenol A substitutes used in the industry
Authors: Mourot‐Bousquenaud Mélanie , Langonné Isabelle , Buchheit Maurane , Muller Samuel , Coiscaud Amélie , Mathiot Julianne , Jacquenet Sandrine , Battais Fabrice
Published: November 2023

Background

Bisphenol (BP‐)A is a chemical used in Europe to produce polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resin or as colour developer in thermal paper. Due to its toxicity, BPA presence was restricted by European regulations. Therefore, substitute chemicals are replacing BPA.

Objective

To assess the allergenic sensitizing potential of 27 substitutes to BPA used in the industry.

Methods

The expression of two costimulatory molecules and six cytokines were analysed by flow cytometry in mouse bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) exposed to the chemicals.

Results

All substances except one induced overexpression of at least one receptor and were thus identified as having allergenic sensitizing potential. Based on the BMDC model, they were classified as extreme (1 out of 27), strong (20 out of 27) and moderate (5 out of 27) sensitizers. BPA was classified as a moderate sensitizer and BPF was the only substitute classified as a non‐sensitizer. The more potent substitutes induced more than 2‐fold secretion of CCL3, CCL4 and/or CCL5 by dendritic cells.

Conclusion

Most of the BPA substitutes tested in this study have an allergenic sensitizing potential; 24 of them being more potent than BPA itself. Only BPE, BPF and 2,4‐BPS appeared to be weaker sensitizers than BPA.
The effect of virtual simulation technology applied to undergraduate teaching of periodontal probing
Authors: Wang Panpan , Wu Shiwen , Gao Li , Ning Yang , Zhang Chi , Pan Suxun , Zhao Chuanjiang
Published: November 2023

Introduction

The rise of virtual simulation technology and dental simulators has created a new pedagogical approach for undergraduate medical education. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of virtual simulation (VS) technology on improving the students' comprehensive abilities in periodontal probing teaching in pre‐practicum periodontology, such as increasing the accuracy of probing, tactile perception and performance on force control.

Materials and Methods

Twenty students were randomly selected among the fourth‐year students and equally divided into VS technology teaching group (VS group) and traditional teaching group (TT group) by drawing half lots. One day later, students were required to probe the periodontal pathology model. The consistency rate between PD measurements and PD reference values, time consumption and final exam scores were recorded and statistically analysed using an unpaired Student's t test and p < .05 was considered statistical significance. Finally, questionnaires relating to teaching methods evaluation and the fidelity of the digital VS training system were distributed to students and teachers.

Results

VS group had a significantly higher consistency rate (72.976 ± 6.811%) than TT group (64.107 ± 4.988%, p = .004). To specify, the difference of consistency rates between the two groups in posterior teeth was larger than anterior teeth. Similarly, a larger difference was also found in proximal surfaces compared with buccal‐lingual surfaces. As the pocket depth increased, the difference between the two groups increased too. These results indicated that VS is more efficient in complicated parts of periodontal probing teaching. In addition, students in VS group spent less time and gained a higher score than TT group (p < .05). The overall satisfaction rating in VS group was significantly higher than TT group. Lastly, teachers gave significant lower scores than students concerning the fidelity of VS system.

Conclusion

Although there are much to improve, VS technology has obvious advantages in periodontal probing teaching in pre‐practicum periodontology.
Welding hot cracking characteristics and fracture mechanisms of nickel‐based alloy NS1402 under different constraint conditions
Authors: Zhou Guangtao , Huang Tao , Zheng Huaibei , Wu Shikai , Song Wei , Zhang Hongtao , Berto Filippo
Published: November 2023

The influence of trace elements variation and constraint conditions on welding hot cracking was investigated to reveal the cracking characteristics of nickel‐based alloy NS1402. The fishbone tests and full restraint welding tests have been conducted to determine the cracking ratio. The mechanical and metallurgical fracture mechanisms were elaborated simultaneously. And the low‐melting point liquid membrane, which was a key metallurgical factor, was found in cracking fracture surface. Numerical simulations were conducted to illustrate the effects of transverse tensile stress/strain during welding processing. Results show that the liquid membranes were composed of FeNi, FeP, Co3Fe7, etc., indicating that liquid membranes were developed to higher melting point by Co3Fe7 eutectics due to the addition of Co, and it contributes to reducing cracking susceptibility of NS1402. The cracking was ductility‐dip cracking (DDC), which propagated in the forms of intergranular or transgranular fracture. Thus, adjusting element content and degrees of constraint could control the cracking tendency.
Not‐so‐simple nephrectomy: Comparative analysis of radical and simple nephrectomy in a high‐volume tertiary referral center
Authors: Papadopoulou Ariadni , Campain Nicholas , Abu‐Ghanem Yasmin , Shanmugathas Nimlan , Poullas Marios , Mumtaz Faiz , Barod Ravi , Tran Maxine , Bex Axel , Patki Prasad
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Simple nephrectomies can be challenging with significant morbidity. To prove the hypothesis of “not‐so‐simple” nephrectomy, we compared demographics, perioperative outcomes, and complications between simple and radical nephrectomy in a tertiary referral center.

Methods

We analyzed 473 consecutive radical nephrectomies (January 2018–October 2020) and simple nephrectomies (January 2016–October 2020). Univariate and multivariate analysis of perioperative outcomes utilized the Mann–Whitney U test, Chi‐squared test, Mantel–Haenszel test of trend, and multiple linear regression. Radical nephrectomies were classified in cT1, cT2a, and cT2b‐T3 subgroups and compared to simple nephrectomies. Minimally invasive and open techniques were compared between the two groups. Infected versus non‐infected simple nephrectomies were compared.

Results

A total of 344 radical and 129 simple nephrectomies were included. Simple nephrectomy was an independent predictor of increased operative time (p = 0.001), length of stay (p = 0.049), and postoperative complications (p < 0.001). Simple nephrectomies had higher operative time (p < 0.001), length of stay (p = 0.014), and postoperative morbidity (p < 0.001) than cT1 radical nephrectomies and significantly more Clavien 1–2 complications than cT2a radical nephrectomies (p = 0.001). The trend was similar in minimally invasive operations. However, conversion to open rates was not significantly different. Infected simple nephrectomies had increased operative time (p < 0.001), length of stay (p = 0.005), blood loss (p = 0.016), and intensive care stay (p = 0.019).

Conclusions

Patients undergoing simple nephrectomy experienced increased operative time and morbidity. Simple nephrectomy carries higher morbidity than radical nephrectomy in tumors ≤10 cm. Robotic simple nephrectomies may reduce open conversion rates. Postoperative intensive care and enhanced recovery may be essential in simple nephrectomy planning with infected pathology.
RETRACTED: Effect of platelet‐rich plasma in treating patients with burn wounds: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Lin Chuanming , Xin Liuyan , Xie Shuiling
Published: November 2023

A meta‐analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of burn wounds and to provide a scientific basis for clinical drug therapy. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang databases to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on PRP in treating burn wounds, with the control group being treated with conventional treatments and the intervention group being treated with PRP alone or combined with PRP on the basis of the control group. The search duration was each database's inception to September 2023. The literature was screened, data were extracted and quality was assessed by two independent researchers. Data analysis was performed using the Review Manager 5.4 software. Eighteen RCTs comprising 1463 patients were included in the analysis. The meta‐analysis revealed that the application of PRP significantly improved the wound healing rate (standardised mean difference [SMD]: 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54–1.67, p < 0.001), shortened wound healing time (SMD: −1.69, 95% CIs: −2.21 to −1.17, p < 0.001) and reduced the incidence of adverse events (7.03% vs. 18.93%, odds ratio [OR]: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.20–0.53, p < 0.001), and also significantly reduced patients' pain (SMD: −1.86, 95% CI: −2.47 to −1.25, p < 0.001) of burn patients when compared with the control group. This study showed that PRP is effective in repairing burn wounds, promoting wound healing, reducing the incidence of adverse events and reducing patient pain, making it worthy of clinical promotion and application.
Firearms and Their Role in Homicide and Suicide*
Authors: Danto Bruce
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: Various arguments against firearms from the standpoint of their role in homicide and suicide are discussed. It is contended by some that murderers are law‐abiding citizens who get into trouble because of the availability of firearms. A study in Detroit indicated that both murderers and suicidal persons are prone to misuse the firearm as they would misuse any potential instrument of destruction, independent of gun control measures. If the Second Amendment to the Constitution is to be used by those favoring the right to bear arms, the argument must involve an incorporation of an inherent responsibility toward the use of the firearm; that people wanting to use them should be able to accept reasonable rules and personality qualification as a factor in having the right to obtain them. More effective education and screening of the overly aggressive person or the self‐destructive individual are suggested, in terms of school mental health programs, screening at the police precinct level, gun permit application level, and through effective suicide prevention and crisis centers.
Physicians View Death and Suicide*
Authors: Weigand John
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: Comparisons were made between physicians' attitudes toward death and suicide and those of a nonphysician control group. Results of the analysis revealed significant differences that may offer some insights as to why physicians have an elevated suicide rate.
Police Suicides Revisited
Authors: Heiman Michael F.
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: Between January 1, 1934 and January 1, 1940, 91 New York City policemen committed suicide. Dr. Paul Friedman, in the only previously published account describing this special group, speculated that the high suicide rate for those years was due, in part, to the turbulence caused by changes in New York City's political administration attendant to Tammany Hall's fall from political hegemony as a result of the 1933 election of Fiorello H. La Guardia. The purpose of this paper is to reexamine the original police files and case histories, now residing in the Zilboorg‐Friedman Archives, and to offer new comments and speculations concerning these police suicides. Involved in this examination will be (a) the use of the “psychological autopsy” in assessing several equivocal deaths; (b) the use of statistical techniques to analyze both previously unpublished archival material and recently acquired police suicide data from other cities in America and England; and (c) a discussion of the impact of Tammany Hall politics on the police department, including an assessment of the effects of the La Guardia election in 1933.
The Confrontation with Death and the Renewal of Life
Authors: Taylor Steve
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: Several writers have argued that a majority of suicidal acts are “gambles with death.” A distinction is made between cases where the gamble with death is merely consequential (i.e., arising from ignorance, apathy, indifference) and cases where it is the very essence of the act. Typically in these latter cases others are excluded from possible intervention. The individual is thus playing a game of “pure” chance. Death is summoned and challenged in order that life may continue. It is argued, from an interactionist perspective, that such acts are desperate efforts to confirm existence in situations of extreme uncertainty and represent a distinct form of what Shneidman has called “egotic” suicide.
Reverend Jones on Suicide
Authors: Seiden Richard H.
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: This brief article presents a verbatim transcript of an extemporaneous speech made by Reverend Jim Jones at an anti‐suicide rally on the San Francisco Golden Gate Bridge on Memorial Day, May 31, 1977‐some 18 months before the disastrous events in Guyana.
Social connectedness and adolescent suicide risk
Authors: Arango Alejandra , Brent David , Grupp‐Phelan Jacqueline , Barney Bradley J. , Spirito Anthony , Mroczkowski Megan M. , Shenoi Rohit , Mahabee‐Gittens Melinda , Casper T. Charles , King Cheryl ,   in collaboration with the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN)
Published: November 2023

Background

Despite evidence of the importance of interpersonal connectedness to our understanding of suicide risk, relatively little research has examined the protective and buffering effects of connectedness among adolescents. The aims of this study were to determine: (a) whether overall connectedness (composite of family, peer, and school) and specific domains of connectedness were related to a lower likelihood of suicide attempts, and (b) whether these factors buffer the prospective risk of suicide attempt for high‐risk subgroups (i.e., recent suicidal ideation and/or lifetime history of suicide attempt, peer victimization, or sexual and gender minority status).

Methods

Participants were 2,897 adolescents (64.7% biological female), ages 12 to 17 (M = 14.6, SD = 1.6), recruited in collaboration with the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) from 14 emergency departments for the Emergency Department Screen for Teens at Risk for Suicide Study (ED‐STARS). Suicide risk and protective factors were assessed at baseline; 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐ups were completed (79.5% retention). Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted, adjusting for established suicide risk factors.

Results

Higher overall connectedness and, specifically, school connectedness were associated with decreased likelihood of a suicide attempt across 6 months. Overall connectedness and connectedness domains did not function as buffers for future suicide attempts among certain high‐risk subgroups. The protective effect of overall connectedness was lower for youth with recent suicidal ideation or a suicide attempt history than for those without this history. Similarly, overall connectedness was protective for youth without peer victimization but not those with this history. Regarding specific domains, family connectedness was protective for youth without recent suicidal ideation or a suicide attempt history and peer connectedness was protective for youth without peer victimization but not youth with these histories.

Conclusions

In this large and geographically diverse sample, overall and school connectedness were related prospectively to lower likelihood of suicide attempts, and connectedness was more protective for youth not in certain high‐risk subgroups. Results inform preventive efforts aimed at improving youth connectedness and reducing suicide risk.
What Makes Politicians “Religious”? How Identity Congruence Shapes Religious Evaluations
Authors: Perry Samuel L. , Davis Joshua T.
Published: November 2023

How do Americans evaluate politicians’ religiosity? We theorize extra‐religious “identity congruence,” the perceived correspondence between others’ group identities and our own, will powerfully shape evaluations. We test this expectation using data from two large, nationally representative surveys that ask Americans to rate the religiosity of prominent politicians. Consistent with our theory, the strongest predictors of how Americans rate politicians’ religiosity are their congruence on party identification and ideological identity as well as expected alignments with racial identity and Christian nationalism. Respondents’ religious characteristics are relatively weak predictors. And these trends hold regardless of Americans’ knowledge of leaders’ professed religious identity. Patterns are consistent with our theory even when we split samples by party. When we compare ratings between politicians who are widely regarded as irreligious to those who are regarded as conventionally religious, partisan congruence and racial identity largely mitigate the religious advantage of the latter. Racial identity also moderates congruence on key factors. Finally, identity congruence on party, ideology, and Christian nationalism follows expected patterns even among secular Americans for whom “religious” less intuitively implies “my group.” In a time of growing identity‐alignment along partisan, ideological, racial, and religious lines, extra‐religious “identity congruence” powerfully shapes how Americans evaluate politicians’ religiosity.
Comparative analyses of micro‐ and macro‐scale surface structures in the convergent evolution of rain‐harvesting behaviour in lizards
Authors: Yenmiş M. , Ayaz D. , Sherbrooke W. C. , Veselý M.
Published: November 2023

Rain‐harvesting behaviour represents an adaptation for water collection that has evolved in some species of iguanian reptiles inhabiting arid environments. To date, such behaviour has been observed only in members of the families Agamidae and Phrynosomatidae. A common set of integumentary features characterizes these rain‐harvesting species, including scale surface microstructures (SSMs), capillary channels and hinge joints. The influence of variations in these features on rain‐harvesting has been a subject of discussion for many decades. Nevertheless, a comprehensive comparative study of similarities and differences between harvesting and non‐harvesting species on a broader scale remains lacking. In this study, we classify scale surface microstructures into three categories: large hexagons (SSM1), smaller nested hexagons (SSM2) and hinge pits (SSM2H). As the first two SSM types are widespread, they do not appear to be directly linked to the adaptation for rain‐harvesting. Conversely, the presence or absence of hinge pits distinguishes harvesters from non‐harvesters. Additionally, channel hierarchy, width and structure determine the effectiveness of the rain‐harvesting architecture. Only Moloch horridus exhibits distinct integumentary features in comparison to other agamids and rain‐harvesting species. Ancestral character state reconstruction suggests that rain‐harvesting behaviour was likely absent in the ancestor of Iguanians, even though overlapping scales and SSM1 were present. Our findings illustrate that rain‐harvesting species have independently converged upon similar structural solutions to address their water acquisition challenges, building upon shared pre‐existing features.
Annexin A1 may contribute to the morphological changes in podocytes by mediating endocytic vesicle fusion and transport via promotion of SNARE assembly in idiopathic membranous nephropathy
Authors: Song Lei , Shen Wen , Wang Le , Song Jianling , Tu Weiping , Ke Ben , Fang Xiangdong
Published: November 2023

Background

Annexin A1 is a membrane‐associated calcium‐binding protein that participates in the progression of many diseases by facilitating vesicle aggregation. It has been documented that reducing vesicle formation alleviates podocyte injury and albuminuria in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). However, the role of Annexin A1 (ANXA1) in IMN is unknown.

Methods

Electron microscopy was used to observe the numbers of vesicles in podocytes. The expression of ANXA1 in IMN was investigated by bioinformatics analysis. We validated the hub genes with the Nephroseq V5 online tool and microarray data from the GEO. Immunohistochemical staining and qPCR were performed to measure gene and protein expression.

Results

The numbers of vesicles in IMN podocytes were significantly increased. Bioinformatics analysis showed that ANXA1, one of the differentially expressed genes, was upregulated in glomeruli from IMN patients. In the validation database and dataset, we confirmed that ANXA1 expression was upregulated in the glomeruli of IMN patients. We revealed that the increased expression of ANXA1 was negatively correlated with the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and proteinuria. Moreover, ANXA1 was enriched in the biological process of vesicle fusion, in which the expression of SNAREs and the SNARE complex was increased. Finally, the expression of ANXA1 and genes related to SNAREs and the SNARE complex was upregulated in glomeruli from IMN patients according to immunohistochemical staining and qPCR.

Conclusion

We conclude that ANXA1 may mediate endocytic vesicle fusion and transport by promoting SNARE assembly, contributing to the morphological changes in podocytes and massive proteinuria in IMN.
Effective communication between nursing professionals and patients after the implementation of mask‐wearing requirements in the clinical setting: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Puertas Lorena , Márquez‐Hernández Verónica V. , Ortíz‐Rodríguez Blanca , Aguilera‐Manrique Gabriel , Gutiérrez‐Puertas Vanesa
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to evaluate staff nurses' perspectives on the use of face masks in effective communication and relationship management skills with patients in the hospital setting. The study surveyed registered nurses (RNs) who work with adult patients in different hospital units. An online survey was completed by RNs who were selected by convenience sampling. RNs' communication with patients was perceived as moderately affected by the use of face masks. Statistically significant differences were found when comparing communication with years of professional experience. Participants who had over 10 years of experience reported having greater difficulty in their communication with patients when using face masks. The effect of provider–patient relationship on effective nurse–patient face‐mask communication was statistically significant and negative. This study shows that some participants found face masks used in the clinical setting may affect nurse–patient communication, as well as the nurses' ability to manage their relationships with patients. The findings of this study support the need for targeted research into effective communication strategies when face mask use is needed in the healthcare setting.
The potential impact of periodontitis on cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Bezerra Beatriz , Fisher Mark , Pirih Flavia Q. , Casarin Maísa
Published: November 2023

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a term used to describe abnormalities in the intracranial microvasculature affecting small arteries, arterioles, capillaries, and venules. The etiology of these conditions is not fully understood but inflammation appears to play a significant role. Periodontal diseases have been associated with conditions such as stroke and dementia, which are clinical consequences of CSVD. Periodontitis is a highly prevalent chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease regulated by the host immune response against pathogenic bacterial colonization around the teeth. The inflammatory response and the microbial dysbiosis produce pro‐inflammatory cytokines that can reach the brain and promote local changes. This review will explore the potential association between periodontitis and CSVD by assessing the impact of periodontitis‐induced inflammation and periodontopathogenic bacteria on the underlying mechanisms leading to CSVD. Given the association of periodontitis with stroke and dementia, which are clinical features of CSVD, it may be possible to suggest a link with CSVD. Current evidence linking periodontitis with neuroimaging findings of CSVD enforces the possible link between these conditions.
Experience of hope in older people with chronic illness: A meta‐synthesis
Authors: Pinto Manoela Henriques , Leite Ana Carolina Andrade Biaggi , Neris Rhyquelle Rhibna , Kusumota Luciana
Published: November 2023

Background

The increase in life expectancy has contributed to an increase in the number of older people, but this population has to learn to live with at least one chronic illness. Thus, hope has become an important resource for the older adult to face the repercussions of chronic illness.

Objective

To synthesise qualitative evidence on the experience of hope in older people with chronic illness.

Methods

This meta‐synthesis included qualitative studies which present the experiences of hope in older people diagnosed with at least one chronic illness. The searches were made from six databases, guided by the SPIDER tool. The identified articles were then independently screened by two reviewers. The results were analysed according to the thematic synthesis approach.

Results

Eighteen articles were included, and four analytical themes were constructed. The results allow us to understand that older people live with long‐term conditions and hope for an ordinary life. To react to new changes and to maintain hope, they create goals that motivate them in daily life. The treatment is initially seen as a salvation, but the information acquired with the evolution of the illness modifies this perception. In addition, the uncertainty about the success of the treatment creates conflict in their hope. In the support and care of older people in the new context of illness, meaningful relationships strengthen hope most of the time. There is still the hope of being reconciled with death, but there are times when suffering overcomes the hope of living.

Conclusions

This meta‐synthesis highlights that the experience of hope in older people is dynamic and influenced by the context of changes related to illness, treatment, significant relationships and proximity to death.

Implications for Practice

A better understanding of the role and characteristics of hope in older people with chronic illness may help to develop more effective interventions to promote and maintain hope.
EARLY FLOWERING is a dominant gain‐of‐function allele of FANTASTIC FOUR 1/2c that promotes early flowering in tomato
Authors: Zhang Dedi , Ai Guo , Ji Kangna , Huang Rong , Chen Chunrui , Yang Zixuan , Wang Jiafa , Cui Long , Li Guobin , Tahira Maryam , Wang Xin , Wang Taotao , Ye Jie , Hong Zonglie , Ye Zhibiao , Zhang Junhong
Published: November 2023

Flowering time, an important factor in plant adaptability and genetic improvement, is regulated by various genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). In this study, we characterized a tomato mutant, EARLY FLOWERING (EF), that developed flowers much earlier than its parental control. EF is a dominant gain‐of‐function allele with a T‐DNA inserted 139 bp downstream of the stop codon of FANTASTIC FOUR 1/2c (FAF1/2c). The transcript of SlFAF1/2c was at elevated levels in the EF mutant. Overexpressing SlFAF1/2c in tomato plants phenocopied the early flowering trait of the EF mutant. Knocking out SlFAF1/2c in the EF mutant reverted the early flowering phenotype of the mutant to the normal flowering time of the wild‐type tomato plants. SlFAF1/2c promoted the floral transition by shortening the vegetative phase rather than by reducing the number of leaves produced before the emergence of the first inflorescence. The COP9 signalosome subunit 5B (CSN5B) was shown to interact with FAF1/2c, and knocking out CSN5B led to an early flowering phenotype in tomato. Interestingly, FAF1/2c was found to reduce the accumulation of the CSN5B protein by reducing its protein stability. These findings imply that FAF1/2c regulates flowering time in tomato by reducing the accumulation and stability of CSN5B, which influences the expression of SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS (SFT), JOINTLESS (J) and UNIFLORA (UF). Thus, a new allele of SlFAF1/2c was discovered and found to regulate flowering time in tomato.
On equivariant topological modular forms
Authors: Gepner David , Meier Lennart
Published: November 2023

Following ideas of Lurie, we give a general construction of equivariant elliptic cohomology without restriction to characteristic zero. Specializing to the universal elliptic curve we obtain, in particular, equivariant spectra of topological modular forms. We compute the fixed points of these spectra for the circle group and more generally for tori.
Recording Data from Metal-Detecting Activities in the Czech Republic: The Portal of Amateur Collaborators and Register of Individual Finds (AMCR-PAS)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Pajdla Petr , Lečbychová Olga , Novák David ,   Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Antal Róbert , Komoróczy Balázs , Chlup Tomáš , Mařík Jan
Published: November 2023

This article discusses the importance of the Portal of Amateur Collaborators and the Register of Individual Finds of the Archaeological Map of the Czech Republic (AMCR-PAS) in preserving data from metal-detecting activities in the Czech Republic. The context and legal framework of metal detecting in the country are explained along with the establishment of AMCR-PAS. The collaboration between amateur and professional archaeologists is also discussed. The recorded finds are analysed in terms of chronological, typological and spatial distribution. The AMCR-PAS system is recognised as a crucial tool for the preservation of data from metal detecting, and provides a valuable resource for national and transnational archaeological research, enabled especially by aggregation of AMCR-PAS data in the ARIADNE infrastructure. Overall, this article highlights the significance of the AMCR-PAS system and its potential to contribute to the understanding of the country's rich archaeological heritage. It also examines the shortcomings and challenges that accompany applying the system in practice.
Aggregating Coin Find Data to the ARIADNE Portal. Challenges of using the Getty AAT for a specialist domain
Authors:   ömisch-Germanische Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Wigg-Wolf David , Pfeiffer Anna-Lisa , Tolle Karsten ,   Goethe University
Published: November 2023

Integration of data on coin finds into the ARIADNE portal presents a number of challenges, partly related to the use of the Getty AAT as a controlled vocabulary, in particular its incomplete coverage and hierarchical structure. Further problems arise from the fact that the majority of the data are being provided not from primarily numismatic projects and institutions, but rather from disparate archaeological resources that integrate a wide range of artefacts and records. As a result, they often focus less on the peculiarities of using the AAT for coin finds and the difficulties that arise from its use. This article illustrates how this can lead to quite disparate and inconsistent mappings of data to the ARIADNE portal. Potential solutions such as aligning the AAT to the established vocabulary of Nomisma.org, or even implementing the latter in the portal, as well as implementing a standard mapping for coin finds, are discussed. Also addressed are the possibilities for complex, granular searches using the SPARQL endpoint in the ARIADNElab Virtual Research Area.
Data-Driven Online Prediction of Discharge Capacity and End-of-Discharge of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Shi Junchuan , Wei Yupeng , Wu Dazhong
Published: November 2023

Monitoring the health condition as well as predicting the performance of lithium-ion batteries is crucial to the reliability and safety of electrical systems such as electric vehicles. However, estimating the discharge capacity and end-of-discharge (EOD) of a battery in real-time remains a challenge. Few works have been reported on the relationship between the capacity degradation of a battery and EOD. We introduce a new data-driven method that combines convolutional neural network (CNN) and bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) models to predict the discharge capacity and the EOD using online condition monitoring data. The CNN model extracts long-term correlations among voltage, current, and temperature measurements and then estimates the discharge capacity. The BiLSTM model extracts short-term dependencies in condition monitoring data and predicts the EOD for each discharge cycle while utilizing the capacity predicted by the CNN as an additional input. By considering the discharge capacity, the BiLSTM model is able to use the long-term health condition of a battery to improve the prediction accuracy of its short-term performance. We demonstrated that the proposed method can achieve online discharge capacity estimation and EOD prediction efficiently and accurately.