bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disentangling leaf-microbiome interactions in Arabidopsis thaliana by network mapping
Authors: Li Kaihang , Cheng Kexin , Wang Haochen , Zhang Qi , Yang Yan , Jin Yi , HE Xiaoqing , Wu Rongling
Published: March 2022

Background
The leaf microbiota plays a key role in plant development, but a detailed mechanism of microbe-plant relationships remains elusive. Many genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have begun to map leaf microbes, but few has systematically characterized the genetics of how microbes act and interact. Previously, we integrated behavioral ecology and game theory to define four types of microbial interactions – mutualism, antagonism, aggression, and altruism, in a microbial community assembly.
Results
Here, we apply network mapping to identify specific plant genes that mediate the topological architecture of microbial networks. Analyzing leaf microbiome data from an Arabidopsis GWAS, we identify several heritable hub microbes for leaf microbial communities and detect 140–728 SNPs responsible for emergent properties of microbial network. We reconstruct Bayesian genetic networks from which to identify 22–43 hub genes found to code molecular pathways related to leaf growth, abiotic stress responses, disease resistance and nutrition uptake. A further path analysis visualizes how genetic variants of Arabidopsis affect its fecundity through the internal workings of the leaf microbiome. We find that microbial networks and their genetic control vary along spatiotemporal gradients. Our study provides a new avenue to reveal the “endophenotype” role of microbial networks in linking genotype to end-point phenotypes in plants.
Conclusions
Our integrative theory model provides a powerful tool to understand the mechanistic basis of structural-functional relationships within the leaf microbiome and supports the need for future research on plant breeding and synthetic microbial consortia with a specific function.
Incidence And Predictors For Preoperative Deep Vein Thrombosis Progression After Spine Surgery
Authors: Wang Yu , Lin Jiajin , Yan Xin , Wang Jing , Zhu Minyu , Wang Jianhong , Teng Honglin
Published: March 2022

Objective: To investigate the incidence of preoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) progression after spine surgery and identify the risk factors which predict DVT progression. Methods: 204 patients with preoperative DVT underwent spine surgery were included in this study (50 cases of DVT progression postoperatively while 154 cases of no progression). Extensional demographic data, biochemical analyses data and surgery associated data of these patients were recorded and compared between DVT progression group and no progression group. Multivariate analysis was adopted to identify the predictors of DVT progression after spine surgery. Results: The incidence of DVT progression after spine surgery was 24.5%. Symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) was detected in 0.98% of cases but not life-threatening. Comparing with no progression group, the DVT progression group has significantly higher percentage of high energy trauma, higher preoperative D-dimer level, more blood loss, higher percentage of intraoperative blood transfusion and longer operating time. D-dimer ≥ 1.605 mg/L and operating time ≥ 175 min were significantly associated with DVT progression after spine surgery based on the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: For the patients with DVT before spine surgery, the incidence of DVT progression after surgery is not low. It is still safe for these patients receiving spine surgery when postoperative anticoagulant treatment and DVT surveillance with ultrasonography can be timely applied. Preoperative D-dimer ≥ 1.605 mg/L and operating time ≥ 175 min are predictors for DVT progression after spine surgery.
Metabolite Changes in Vitis Vinifera (L.) cv Garganega Leaves and Berries After 501 Biodynamic Treatment
Authors: Malagoli Mario , Sut Stefania , Kumar Gourav , Dall’Acqua Stefano
Published: March 2022

Background
There is a need for new approaches in agriculture to improve safety of final products as well as to increase environmental acceptability. In this paper, the biodynamic preparation 501 (horn-silica) was sprayed on Vitis vinifera (L.) cv Garganega plants in two vineyards located in Veneto region, North-East Italy. Leaf samples were collected on the day of 501-treatment and 11 days later, and berries were sampled at harvest time. Leaves and berries samples were analysed combining targeted and untargeted measurements related to primary metabolism (pigment, element and amino-acid contents) and to secondary metabolism. Chlorophyll content in leaves, and amino-acid and element (C,N,S) analysis in berries were combined with untargeted UPLC-QTOF metabolomics.
Results
The discriminant compounds related to the 501-treatment were annotated on the basis of accurate MS and fragmentation and were identified as secondary metabolites, namely phenolic constituents belonging to the shikimate pathway. The level of most of the identified compounds increased in plants treated with 501 preparation.
Conclusions
Results highlight the prominent value of the metabolomic approach to elucidate the role of the 501 applications on grapevine secondary metabolism.
Changes in Electronic and Optical characteristics of Halogen - Alkali adsorbed WSe2 monolayer
Authors: Tyagi Mohit , Choudhary Sudhanshu
Published: March 2022

Adsorbing halogen and alkali metals atoms modify the optical and electrical characteristics of WSe2 monolayer (2D). The electrical and optical characteristics of the Wse2 monolayer, alkali and halogen atoms adsorbed WSe2 structures are investigated through density functional theory (DFT) simulations. The pristine WSe2 monolayer has insignificant absorption in the infrared and most parts of the visible region, and substantial absorption in the ultraviolet (UV) region (λ < 410 nm) as well as in a small section of the visible spectrum. The absorption coefficient of alkali-halogen adsorbed structures of WSe2 seems to expand with wavelength, and absorption peaks move towards the higher energy region of the optical spectrum, resulting in red-shift effect. Significant absorption is observed in the entire visible spectrum (~410 to 780 nm) for both alkali and halogen adsorbed WSe2 nanostructures. The chlorine, bromine, and iodine adsorbed WSe2 structure shows larger absorption in the entire visible region among all other adsorbed structures. Presence of absorption peaks in the visible range of wavelengths rather than in the UV region, is beneficial for optoelectronic applications such as LEDs, CRTs, solar cells, and sensors. Trends in computed dielectric constant and refractive index values are also found to be compatible with trends in absorption coefficient values.
In vitro shoot regeneration from organogenic callus culture and rooting of Carpathian endemic Aconitum bucovinense Zapał.
Authors: Kocot Dawid , Nowak Barbara , Sitek Ewa , Starzyńska-Janiszewska Anna , Mitka Józef
Published: March 2022

Aconitum bucovinense Zapał. is the European species of monkshood, endemic to the Eastern and Southern Carpathians. A protocol has been developed for the in vitro regeneration of adventitious shoots by indirect organogenesis from leaf explants. An initiation of cultures carried out on a medium with picloram and kinetin allowed obtaining a callus. More than a 200% FM increase of the callus and at the same time differentiation of adventitious buds were obtained on IBA and BAP supplemented media. Excised buds were used to establish shoot cultures and multiplied after a transfer to nutrient media with an addition of BAP with IBA, IAA or NAA. Almost 70% of rooted shoots were obtained on a 1.5 mg L− 1 IBA and 1.0 mg L− 1 BAP supplemented medium with simultaneous efficient multiplication. An analysis of peroxidase activity revealed its gradual increase in shoots until the appearance of roots. For the first time, an efficient way to regenerate, multiply and root A. bucovinense shoots has been developed and can be used for ex situ conservation of this species.
Comparison Between Mono- And Bi-Cortical Pins Of Unilateral-Uniplanar External Fixator In Tibial Diaphyseal Fracture Healing: Numerical Investigations
Authors: Bayat Targol , Mohandes Yousof , Tahani Masoud , Tahami Mohammad
Published: March 2022

Background: This comparative study simulates bone healing outcomes around tibial diaphyseal fractures under unilateral uniplanar external fixators and compares mono-cortical pins and bi-cortical ones for fixation.Methods: Eight finite element models of the fractured tibia-fixator constructs with 1 to 4 mono- or bi-cortical pins per bone segment were designed. A proven mechano-regulation algorithm was applied to the callus at the early stages of healing. Tissue differentiation was predicted, and axial stiffness was obtained to evaluate the healing process. To validate the simulation, finite element analysis of the models was compared with in-vitro biomechanical study results, and the error was less than 5%.Results: The overall axial stiffness of the bone-fixator structure reached 885, 913, and 925 N/mm for the 4, 6, and 8 bi-cortical pins, respectively, which was very close to the results of mono-cortical pins (882, 893, and 916 N/mm). The average Young's modulus of callus elements for structures with both types of pins was about 4.4 MPa, which at the initial stage of healing resulted in all structures of fibrous callus. This result was consistent with all previous studies.Conclusions: The healing simulation outcome in this study suggested that fixtures with mono-cortical pins resulted in fewer devastating complications and can be used as an alternative to the ones with bi-cortical pins.
Imipramine and Olanzapine Block Apoe4-Catalyzed Polymerization of Aβ and Show Evidence of Improving Alzheimer’s Disease Cognition
Authors: Johnson Noah R. , Wang Athena C.-J. , Coughlan Christina , Sillau Stefan , Lucero Esteban , Viltz Lisa , Markham Neil , Allen Cody , Dhanasekaran A. Ranjitha , Chial Heidi J. , Potter Huntington
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele confers the strongest risk for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) besides age itself, but the mechanisms underlying this risk are debated. One hypothesis supported by evidence from multiple labs is that apoE4 binds to the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and catalyzes its polymerization into neurotoxic oligomers and fibrils. Inhibiting this early step in the amyloid cascade may thereby reduce or prevent neurodegeneration and AD.MethodsUsing a design of experiments (DOE) approach, we developed a high-throughput assay to identify inhibitors of apoE4-catalyzed polymerization of Aβ into oligomers and fibrils. We used it to screen the NIH Clinical Collection of small molecule drugs tested previously in human clinical trials. We then evaluated the efficacy and cytotoxicity of the hit compounds in primary neuron models of apoE4-induced Aβ and phosphorylated tau aggregation. Finally, we performed retrospective analyses of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) clinical dataset, using Cox regression and Cox proportional hazards models to determine if the use of two FDA-approved hit compounds were associated with better cognitive scores (Mini-Mental State Exam), or improved AD clinical diagnosis, when compared with other medications of the same clinical indication.ResultsOur high-throughput screen identified eight blood-brain barrier (BBB)-permeable hit compounds that reduced apoE4-catalyzed Aβ oligomer and fibril formation in a dose-dependent manner. Five hit compounds were non-toxic towards cultured neurons and also reduced apoE4-promoted Aβ and tau neuropathology in a dose-dependent manner. Three of the five compounds were determined to be specific inhibitors of apoE4, whereas the other two compounds were Aβ or tau aggregation inhibitors. When prescribed to AD patients for their normal clinical indications, two of the apoE4 inhibitors, imipramine and olanzapine, but not other (non-hit) antipsychotic or antidepressant medications, were associated with improvements in cognition and clinical diagnosis, especially among APOE4 carriers.ConclusionsThe critical test of any proposed AD mechanism is whether it leads to effective treatments. Our high-throughput screen identified two promising FDA-approved drugs, imipramine and olanzapine, which have no structural, functional, or clinical similarities other than their shared ability to inhibit apoE4-catalyzed Aβ polymerization, thus identifying this mechanism as an essential contribution of apoE4 to AD.
Impact of Diabetes duration on Clinical outcome in Patients receiving Rotational Atherectomy from ROCK Registry : a multicenter, retrospective study.
Authors: JUNG JIN , Her Sung-Ho , Lee Kyusup , Jung Ji-Hoon , You Ki-Dong , Moon Keon-Woong , Moon Donggyu , Lee Su Nam , Jang Won Young , Choi Ik Jun , Lee Jae Hwan , Lee Jang Hoon , Lee Sang Rok , Lee Seung-Whan , Yun Kyeong Ho , Lee Hyun-Jong
Published: March 2022

Background: There are limited data regarding the clinical impact of diabetes duration for patients with heavy calcified coronary lesions. We sought to determine the clinical impact of diabetes duration on clinical outcomes in patients with heavily calcified lesions required rotational atherectomy (RA) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods: A total of 540 diabetic patients (583 lesions) were enrolled between January 2010 and October 2019. Patients were classified into 3 subgroups: patients with no diabetes mellitus (non-DM), shorter duration of DM (S-DM), and longer duration of DM (L-DM), of which duration was divided at 10 years. The primary outcome was target-vessel failure (TVF), a composite outcome of cardiac death, target-vessel myocardial infarction, or target-vessel revascularization.Results: During 18 months of follow-up-duration, diabetes duration was significantly associated with the primary outcome. The incidence rate of TVF, primary outcome, was significantly higher in the L-DM group compared with non-DM or S-DM groups (non-DM, 30 [12.0%] vs. S-DM, 9 [13.9%] vs. L-DM, 29 [21.6%]; p=0.039). Among secondary outcomes, any repeat revascularization was frequently observed in the L-DM compared with other groups (non-DM, 19 [7.6%] vs. S-DM, 6 [9.2%] vs. L-DM, 21 [15.7%]; p=0.042). In multivariate analysis, the risk of TVF and any RR was 1.9 times and 2.4 times higher in L-DM than in non-DM, respectively. Conclusions: This study was firstly demonstrated that the association between a longer DM duration and poor clinical outcomes in patients with severe calcified CAD after PCI. More careful monitoring for recurrence is needed during follow-up in those patients
Fractionated Stereotactic Radiosurgery Following Surgery for Brain Metastases: A Single Australian Centre Experience and Literature Review.
Authors: Diaz Rodrigo , Hau Eric , Gebski Val , Nahar Najmun , Wang Tim
Published: March 2022

PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjuvant multifractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (SRS) for patients with resected brain metastases (BM). Methods and MaterialsWe retrospectively assessed 54 patients with brain metastases who underwent surgery and postoperative SRS in a single institution between January 2016 and June 2021. All but one patient were treated with hypo fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HF-SRT) with doses ranging from 30 Gy in 5 fractions, 25 Gy in 5 fractions, or 27 Gy in 3 fractions. The primary outcome for this study was local control (LC) within the resection cavity. The secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), distant brain failure (DBF), leptomeningeal disease (LMD), and brain radionecrosis (RN). ResultsThe median follow-up was 14.9 months. Local control was 90.6% at 6 months and 82.1% at 12 months. The six and twelve-month estimates of DBF were 19.2% and 25.9%, respectively. Seven patients (12.9%) experienced both local and distant failures, including 2 cases with leptomeningeal disease. At the time of final analysis, median times to local failure, DBF and LMD were not reached. OS rates at 6 months and 12 months were 80.8% and 56.6%, respectively. RN was present in 4 cases (7.4%). ConclusionsThis single-institution retrospective study shows that postoperative HF-SRT in patients with BM seems to be associated with favourable outcomes for LC and relatively low-risk of RN.
The Effect Of A Sexual Abuse History On Symptoms And Anorectal Physiology Findings In Patients Presenting To A Colorectal Pelvic Floor Service
Authors: Hanna Mark , Bray Gerard , Ding Ye Chen , Srin Havish , Warwick Andrea , Gillespie Christopher
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Studies report that 12-23% of patients with functional anorectal disorders have a history of sexual abuse (SA). This paper aims to assess whether there is a difference in symptom severity, quality of life or anorectal physiology findings in female patients presenting to a colorectal pelvic floor service with and without a history of sexual abuse. Methods: A retrospective analysis of all female patients attending a single tertiary pelvic floor unit for faecal incontinence or constipation between 2017 and 2019 was performed. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence or absence of a volunteered history of sexual abuse. Validated quality of life and symptom severity scores, along with anorectal physiology studies were analysed and compared between the two groups.Results: There were 148 patients included in the study period and 17% reported a history of SA. There was no statistically significant difference in symptom severity, quality of life scores or anorectal physiology studies between those with and without a history of SA.Conclusion: In female patients seeking management for defaecatory symptoms, those who have reported a history of SA did not demonstrate any significant difference in symptom severity, quality of life or physiological measures when compared to those without a history of SA.
Avatrombopag Treatment of Severe Aplastic Anemia With Liver Injury: a Case Report
Authors: Liu Chenchen , Liu chunyan , Shao Zonghong , Fu Rong
Published: March 2022

At present, avatrombopag has not obtained a clinical license and is not accepted as a standard clinical treatment of Severe aplastic anemia. Here, We present a case of SAA treated with avatrombopag. Our patient was intolerant to eltrombopag, demonstrating elevated transaminase levels, but avatrombopag treatment was well tolerated with high effectiveness. Therefore, avatrombopag may not cause hepatotoxicity compared with other TPO receptor agonist for SAA treatment, and its combination with CsA may be a possible safe and effective treatment for long-term SAA management. Our case highlights the importance of recognizing TPO-RAS as a safe and effective treatment of SAA and adds avatrombopag to this list.
AMPK mediates early activation of the unfolded protein response through a positive feedback loop in palmitate-treated muscle cells
Authors: Zhang Peng , Gong Jing , Wang Lu , Tao Wuchen , Liu Zonghan , Pang Xiangsheng , Liu Yaxuan , Li Wenjiong , Chen Xiaoping
Published: March 2022

Background: Activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) is closely associated with the pathogenesis of many metabolic diseases. There is increasing evidence for the interdependence of the UPR and metabolic signaling pathways. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway controls energy balance in eukaryotes. Objective: This study was to investigate the possible interaction between AMPK signaling and the UPR in muscle cells exposed to a saturated fatty acid, as well as the underlying mechanism. Methods: The UPR was induced in C2C12 myotubes by treatment with the saturated fatty acid palmitate. Compound C or knocking down AMPKα with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to inhibit AMPK signaling pathway in palmitate-treated muscle cells. AMPK signaling was activated in myotubes using 5-amino-1-β-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR) or ex229. Taurourdodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) was pre-treated to C2C12 myotubes to inhibit UPR before adding palmitate. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were conducted to evaluate the expression of UPR markers and AMPK activation. Results: The UPR was induced in C2C12 myotubes by treatment with palmitate along with activation of AMPK signaling. Inhibiting the AMPK pathway with compound C or knocking down AMPKα with shRNA attenuated palmitate-induced UPR activation, while inhibiting the UPR with TUDCA alleviated palmitate-induced AMPK activation, suggesting a positive feedback loop between the UPR and AMPK. Additionally, pharmacologic activation of the AMPK pathway with either AICAR or ex229 was sufficient to induce significant upregulation of UPR markers. Conclusions: These results provide the first evidence for the involvement of AMPK signaling in the early activation of the UPR induced by saturated fatty acid in skeletal muscle, and suggest that physiologic or pharmacologic activation of the AMPK pathway (ie, by exercise or metformin, respectively) can promote muscle health and function and thus improve quality of life for individuals with metabolic disorders due to a high-fat diet or obesity.
Central retinal artery delineation using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Tsutsumi Satoshi , Ono Hideo , Ishii Hisato
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Few studies have explored the central retinal artery (CRA) using neuroimaging. Our study aimed to explore this using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods: A total of 81 patients with intact orbital structures and visual function underwent thin-slice contrast MRI.Results: The identified CRAs showed highly variable morphologies on both axial and sagittal images. On the axial images, the CRAs were detected in the right orbit in 11.1% and in the left orbit in 19.8%. The distance between the site of CRA branching from the ophthalmic artery to the posterior limit of the bulb was 18.8±3.9 mm (range: 12.8–24.6 mm) on the right and 18.9±3.3 mm (range: 14.6–26.7 mm) on the left. On the sagittal images, CRAs were detected on the right in 76.5% and on the left in 85.2%. The distance between the CRA branching site and the posterior limit of the bulb was 20.4±3.8 mm (range: 14.2–28.2 mm) on the right and 19.2±3.7 mm (range: 11.3–27.1 mm) on the left.Conclusions: Thin-slice contrast MRI can be used to explore the proximal part of the CRA. In particular, serial sagittal imaging may be useful for detecting the CRAs and their relationship with relevant structures.
Language Shift and maintenance in Shinasha community, Ethiopia
Authors: Amanu Adugnaw Techane , Woyila Habtamu Anbessie
Published: March 2022

This paper discusses language shift and maintenance in Shinasha community. The purpose of this study is to assess language shift in Shinasha. More specifically, to identify the factors that lead some of the Shinasha people to use other languages, to show in which domain Shinasha language preferred and to indicate which language Shinasha people prefer in various domains. To collect the necessary data for the study, interview, questionnaire and focus group discussion were used as data collection instruments. The descriptive survey research design was used to conduct this study by using both quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis. The result showed that demography, economy, psychology and intermarriage are some of the major factors that led Shinasha people to shift from Shinasha to other indigenous languages. Amharic and Afan Oromo are used in various domains by Shinasha youths. On the other hand, a few elders speak Shinasha language. In general, in Shisha community youths prefer Amharic, Afan Oromo and Awngi in various domains bcause of economic, attitudinal, historical, demographic factors.
Associations between proton pump inhibitors and Alzheimer’s disease: A nested case-control study using a Korean nationwide health screening cohort
Authors: Kwon Mi Jung , Kim Joo-Hee , Kim Ji Hee , Kim Eun Soo , Park Ha Young , Min Kyueng-Whan , Choi Hyo Geun
Published: March 2022

Background: Safety concerns against the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) based on the risk of dementia, especially Alzheimer’s disease (AD), remain controversial. Here, we investigated the risk of AD depending on previous PPI exposure, use duration, and PPI generation.Methods: This nested case-control study comprised 17,225 AD patients who were 1:4 matched with 68,900 controls for age, sex, income, and region of residence from Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort data between 2002 and 2015 using propensity-score matching method. Conditional and unconditional logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the effects of previous PPI use on AD adjusting for multiple covariates.Results: Prior PPI use increased likelihood for AD in current and past PPI users (adjusted odds ratio 1.36 [95% CI=1.26–1.46] and 1.11 [95% CI=1.04–1.18], respectively). Participants with either <30 days, 30–90 days, or >90 days of PPI prescription showed higher odds for AD (1.13 [95% CI=1.07–1.19]; 1.18 [95% CI=1.10–1.27]; 1.26 [95% CI=1.16–1.36], respectively). Participants with either 1st-generation or 2nd-generation PPIs demonstrated higher incidences of AD in those with <30 days (1.14 [95% CI=1.07–1.22] and 1.13 [95% CI=1.05–1.22], respectively), 30–90 days (1.19 [95% CI=1.09–1.30] and 1.17 [95% CI=1.05–1.29], respectively), or >90 days (1.18 [95% CI=1.07–1.30] and 1.27 [95% CI=1.14–1.43], respectively) of prescription.Conclusions: Prior PPI use, regardless of current or past use, duration of use, or use of 1st- or 2nd-generation PPIs, may increase risk of AD, providing supportive evidence of previous pharmacoepidemiologic studies.
Not a Virtual Education: The Entanglement of the Private and Public Spheres in the Lives of Women Teachers During the Pandemic in Iran
Authors: Aghasaleh Rouhollah , Aghajani Zari
Published: March 2022

Teleworking and teaching from home is not just a modality change; it is deeply intertwined with other aspects of life. If we pretend to have a new everyday life during a public health crisis, an economic, social, political, and moral crisis, we commit an immoral act. Job losses, school closures, and family isolation shift caregivers from paying jobs to unpaid jobs, primarily for women. This change occurs because of gender-biased social norms that hold women as caregivers and because of the workforce structure. Acknowledging the statement that "the personal is political" requires education system decision-makers and administration to consider this a moral issue and encourage women to raise awareness and change the lives of men and women by telling their stories unapologetically. In this article, while studying the lives of women teachers, we address the issue of the interference of professional and personal domains.
Early-Onset Myocardial and Vascular Toxicity In Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Survivors: The Predictive Value of Right Heart.
Authors: Muggeo Paola , Scicchitano Pietro , Muggeo Vito M.R. , Novelli Chiara , Giordano Paola , Ciccone Marco Matteo , Faienza Maria Felicia , Santoro Nicola
Published: March 2022

Purpose. Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors who underwent chemotherapy with anthracyclines have an increased cardiovascular risk. Few are data about right ventricle function (RV) in these patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate left and right cardiac chambers and vascular endothelial function in ALL survivors.Methods. We enrolled 54 ALL survivors and 37 healthy controls. All patients underwent auxological evaluation, blood pressure, biochemical parameters of endothelial dysfunction, flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery, mean common carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT), antero-posterior diameter of the infra-renal abdominal aorta (APAO), and echocardiographic assessment. Results. ALL subjects had significantly lower FMD (p=0.0041), higher left (p=0.0057) and right (p=0.0021) TEI index as compared to controls. Tricuspid annular plane excursion (TAPSE) was 16.9±1.2 mm vs 24.5±3.7 mm, p<0.0001. Cumulative anthracycline doses were related to TAPSE (r= 0.77, p<0.001). The ROC curve analysis revealed that left and right TEI index, TAPSE, FMD showed significant association to ALL condition. TAPSE >18 mm was the best discriminant rule to spot ALL patients (AUC: 0.966, p<0.0001, sensibility: 100%, specificity: 89.2%).Conclusion. ALL survivors treated with anthracyclines demonstrated systo/diastolic alterations of the RV and reduced endothelial function compared with healthy controls. Although multimodality diagnostic is available, echocardiography plays pivotal role in everyday clinical practice. The early recognition of subclinical cardiac and vascular impairment is of utmost importance for the cardio-oncologist to implement strategies preventing overt cardiovascular disease.
A novel VOC breath tracer method to evaluate indoor respiratory exposures in the near- and far-fields
Authors: Parhizkar Hooman , Fretz Mark , Laguerre Aurélie , Stenson Jason , Corsi Richard L. , Wymelenberg Kevin G. Van Den , Gall Elliott T.
Published: March 2022

Several studies suggest that far-field transmission (> 6 ft) explains the significant number of COVID-19 superspreading outbreaks. Therefore, quantitative evaluation of near- and far-field exposure to emissions from a source is key to better understanding human-to-human airborne infectious disease transmission and associated risks. In this study, we used an environmentally-controlled chamber to measure volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from a healthy participant who consumed breath mints, which contained unique tracer compounds. Tracer measurements were made at 2.5 ft, 5 ft, 7.5 ft from the participant, as well as in the exhaust plenum of the chamber. We observed that 2.5 ft trials had substantially (~36-44%) higher concentrations than other distances during the first 20 minutes of experiments, highlighting the importance of the near-field relative to the far-field before virus-laden respiratory aerosol plumes are continuously mixed into the far-field. However, for the conditions studied, the concentrations of human-sourced tracers after 20 minutes and approaching the end of the 60-minute trials at 2.5 ft, 5 ft, and 7.5 ft were only ~18%, ~11%, and ~7.5% higher than volume-averaged concentrations, respectively. Our findings highlight the importance of far-field transmission of airborne pathogens including SARS-CoV-2, which need to be considered in public health decision making.
Incomplete Kawasaki disease with a retropharyngeal space abscess as the main manifestation
Authors: CHEN JUN , Wen Yang
Published: March 2022

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a childhood acute self-limiting systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology. The diagnosis of KD is based upon clinician's recognition of a symptom pattern. However, manifestations of KD can be atypical, Deep neck infections (DNIs) is a rare manifestation of KD, which can mislead the clinician and delay diagnosis. The following case report describes a patient with incomplete Kawasaki disease (iKD) whose initial presentation a retropharyngeal abscess.Case presentation: A child with clinical manifestations of fever, neck pain, cervical lymphadenopathy, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) was reported. The anti-infective treatment was not effective. A retropharyngeal space abscess was detected on neck enhanced Computed Tomography (CT). On the third day following admission, the conjunctival hyperemia, red lips, and strawberry tongue appeared gradually. High-dose of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) and oral aspirin were administered with rapid defervescence, fever and neck pain gradually disappeared, and the neck Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed that the abscess was completely resolved.Conclusion: KD with a retropharyngeal space abscess as the first manifestation is rare and may be related to Streptococcus or Staphylococcus aureus infection. When anti-infective treatment was not effective, it is very important to provide timely diagnosis and treatment in combination with other clinical features of KD.
Children’s Feelings and Experiences in a Selected Evacuation Center in the Philippines
Authors: Borines Maria Talitha Estrella Lardizabal
Published: March 2022

The study was conducted to describe the experiences and feelings of six-to-eight-year-old children in an evacuation center of a flood-prone barangay in the Philippines. The participants were asked to draw their experiences inside the evacuation center and eventually interviewed on what they drew, what they felt during their stay inside the center, and what they expected to see to make their stay comfortable, happy, and meaningful. A frequency count was followed to tally and categorize the participants' responses according to their variables. Six (6) categories emerged for children's experiences: sensory experiences, bio-physical experiences, family-related experiences, social activities, and rules imposed by the parents; seven (7) arose for children's feelings, namely: afraid, happy, sad, pity, difficult, frustrated, and hungry; and two (2) expectations were observed: material things and social relationships. The study recommends developing programs, interventions, designing evacuation centers, and food planning for young children.
An Intuitive Logic for Modeling Non-Local Hidden Variable Problems
Authors: Fox Keith , White Tyler
Published: March 2022

We present a notion of an un-measurable state, which we call an Anti-state and derive a simple and intuitive logic for Anti-states. Anti-states are then used to generate structures, which we call Anti-Structures. Theorems 3.25 and 4.2 yield that Anti-Structures are able to model the context changes occurring in quantum mechanics, which Kochen and Specker in 5 showed were un-modellable with local hidden variables. In our Examples 3.28, 4.3, and 4.7 , we show that, respectively, the orthohelium experiment (outlined in Kochen, Specker 5), wave functions, and entanglement all have Anti-Structure models. Our results give a good contrast to the results of Kochen and Specker 5, and establish a limitation on self reference for partial Boolean algebras. This limitation is not held by Anti-Structures in general, and also does not seem to be a limitation that should be put on our physics. The theorems and examples of this paper lead to a series of questions regarding the expressiveness and a measure of contrivance for models of quantum mechanics.
Weighted Heterogeneous Ensemble for the Classification of Intrusion Detection Using ant Colony Optimization for Continuous Search Spaces
Authors: Aburomman Abdulla , Albashish Dheeb
Published: March 2022

This paper proposes a heterogeneous ensemble classifier configuration for a multiclass intrusion detection problem. The ensemble is composed of k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and Naive Bayes (NB) classifiers. The decisions of these classifiers are combined with Weighted Majority Voting (WMV), where optimal weights are generated by Ant Colony Optimization for continuous search spaces (ACOR). As a comparison basis, we have also implemented the ensemble configuration with the unweighted majority voting or Winner Takes All (WTA) strategy. To ensure the maximum variety of classifiers, we have implemented three versions of each classification algorithm by varying each classifier's parameters making a total of nine diverse experts for the ensemble. For our empirical study, we used the full NSL-KDD dataset to classify network traffic into one of five different classes. Our results indicate that the ensemble configuration using ACOR-optimized weights are capable of resolving the conflicts between multiple classifiers and improving the overall classification accuracy of the ensemble.
Sensing Global Changes in Local Patterns of Energy Consumption in Cities During the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rowe Francisco , Robinson Caitlin , Patias Nikos
Published: March 2022

COVID-19, and the wider social and economic impacts that a global pandemic entails, have led to unprecedented reductions in energy consumption globally. Whilst estimates of changes in energy consumption have emerged at the national scale, detailed sub-regional estimates to allow for global comparisons are less developed. Using night-time light satellite imagery from December 2019-June 2020 across 50 of the world’s largest urban conurbations, we provide high resolution estimates (450m2) of spatio-temporal changes in urban energy consumption in response to COVID-19. Contextualising this imagery with modelling based on indicators of mobility, stringency of government response, and COVID-19 rates, we provide novel insights into the potential drivers of changes in urban energy consumption during a global pandemic. Our results highlight the diversity of changes in energy consumption between and within cities in response to COVID-19, somewhat refuting dominant narratives of a shift in energy demand away from dense urban areas. Further modelling highlights how the stringency of the government’s response to COVID-19 is likely a defining factor in shaping resultant reductions in urban energy consumption.
Combination of Serological Biomarkers and Clinical Features to predict Mucosal Healing in Crohn’s Disease: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Tang Nana , Chen Han , Chen Ruidong , Tang Wen , Zhang Hongjie
Published: March 2022

Purpose
Mucosal healing (MH) has become the treatment goal of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). This study aims to develop a noninvasive and reliable clinical tool for individual evaluation of mucosal healing in patients with Crohn’s disease.
Methods
A multicenter retrospective cohort was established. Clinical and serological variables were collected. Separate risk factors were incorporated into a binary logistic regression model. A primary model and a simple model were established, respectively. The model performance was evaluated with C-index, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy. Internal validation was performed in patients with small intestinal lesions.
Results
A total of 348 consecutive patients diagnosed with CD who underwent endoscopic examination and review after treatment from January 2010 to June 2021 were composed in the derivation cohort, and 112 patients with small intestinal lesions were included in the validation cohort. The following variables were independently associated with the MH and were subsequently included into the primary prediction model: PLR (platelet to lymphocyte ratio), CAR (C-reactive protein to albumin ratio), ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate), HBI (Harvey-Bradshaw Index) score and infliximab treatment. The simple model only included factors of PLR, CAR and ESR. The primary model performed better than the simple one in C-index (87.5% vs 83.0%, p = 0.004). There was no statistical significance between these two models in sensitivity (70.43% vs 62.61%, p = 0.467), specificity (87.12% vs 80.69%, p = 0.448), PPV (72.97% vs 61.54%, p = 0.292), NPV (85.65% vs 81.39%, p = 0.614), and accuracy (81.61% vs 74.71%, p = 0.303). The primary model had good calibration and high levels of explained variation and discrimination in validation cohort.
Conclusions
This model can be used to predict MH in post-treatment patients with CD. It can also be used as an indication of endoscopic surveillance to evaluate mucosal healing in patients with CD after treatment.
A. F. Verkhotina – Researcher and Organizer of the Pioneer Movement of Transbaikalia
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Tatiana K. Klimenko
Published: March 2022

The article is devoted to the professional and life path of the teacher, associate professor of the Pedagogy department. The main milestones of her life and work are chronologically traced. When writing the article, many sources have been used, along with official publications. An important place is taken by personal manuscripts, memories of Anna Philippovna’s sister and pupils. A. F. Verkhotina’s contribution to the development of children’s movement in Transbaikalia is emphasized. The article notes the desire to theoretically comprehend the strategy and tactics of the “Republic of Young Transbaikalians”. Anna Philippovna was involved in preparing future teachers for educational work with temporary children’s groups during the summer holidays, the creation of methodological support for this work. She was a leader of any group and a professional organizer of different events. A. F. Verkhotina’s wide circle of communication is noted: from official and public organizations to pedagogical and volunteer teams, a special place was occupied by the staff of the Pedagogy department.
Opportunities for the Formation of an Ecological Culture of University Students Through the Implementation of a Social Project for the Management of Solid Municipal Waste
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Dolgorma Ts. Anudarieva , Lyubov V. Kopylova ,   Transbaikal State University, Zhanna A. Lesnyanskaya ,   Transbaikal State University
Published: March 2022

The article describes the assessment of the practice of active participation of university students in the implementation of activities of the social project “Organization of environmental education and the formation of environmental culture of the younger generation in the field of solid waste management.” The aim of the study was to form the ecological culture of university students through their participation in environmental education activities as part of a social project. The methodological basis for studying the problem of environmental education and the formation of environmental culture of university students is represented by the works of E. V. Girusov, S. N. Glazachev, A. N. Zakhlebny, I. D. Zverev, A. N. Leontyev, N. N. Marfenin, S. L. Rubinshtein, A. D. Ursula, V. A. Yasvin and others. The research methods are: analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization of scientific literature on the research problem, psychological and diagnostic testing. In the course of the study ascertaining stage implementation, the diagnostics of the level of the ecological culture formation of university students has been carried out. The results have showed the presence of a problem – an insufficient (average) level of ecological culture formation, which indicated the need for work aimed at its further formation. The formative stage has been aimed at attracting volunteer students to participate in the project, through the organization and conduct of environmental campaigns, creative contests, events for environmental education and education of the target group, helping to form their understanding of the importance of separate collection and recycling of waste. The study of the possibility of the ecological culture formation of university students has not been completed, it is planned to conduct a control stage to assess the effectiveness of environmental education work.
Feature Film as a Means of Teaching Foreign Philology Students the Russian Language
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Oksana L. Abrosimova
Published: March 2022

The article considers feature film as one of the auxiliary means in teaching the Russian language to foreign students. The relevance of the article lies in the recent trend in learning a foreign language through the comprehension of culture. During the study, some results were achieved that contribute to the optimization of the work with feature films at the Russian as a foreign language lessons. The main directions of its analysis in a foreign student audience are described: textocentric, audiovisual, linguoculturological, communicative. The significance of a comprehensive feature film analysis for better knowledge of culture and language learning is determined. The complexity involves the interpretation of the visual series and audio order, the discourse meanings analysis, the definition and development of sociocultural and linguistic cultural components, as well as the identification in the film of the most typical speech behaviors. It is noted that when analyzing the film in the textocentric aspect, discourse should be considered taking into account pragmatic, sociocultural, psychological factors, students’ ethnic characteristics, differences in behavior patterns in similar situations among different countries representatives. The article considers the linguoculturological component, the use of which, when analyzing the film, helps to reveal linguistic and cultural universals for students, teach to draw parallels, adequately evaluate the situation, and identify themselves in it. The pre-viewing and post-viewing tasks system developed and tested in practice is also presented and it contributes to better assimilation of the film text in Russian cinema classes at the university. It is noted that the feature film comprehensive analysis contributes to the formation of a competent, fluent in the language, an educated specialist in philology, who has an extensive background knowledge, loves Russian language, culture, literature, history; to educate the personality – creative, tolerant, capable of intercultural interaction.
A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF EXTERNAL APICAL ROOT RESORPTION IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH DAMON BRACKET SYSTEM AND CONVENTIONALMBT BRACKET SYSTEM- A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: T. Noufal , Somaiah Sanju , B. Goutham , Muddaiah Sunil , Prasad Vibhu
Published: March 2022

Background: Resorption of the external apical root is a common iatrogenic side effect of orthodontic therapy (EARR). The loss of cementum and dentine is caused by root resorption, which can be a normal or pathologic process. A complicated combination of individual biology and mechanical forces is assumed to be the cause. Aims &Objectives: The purpose of this research was to assess the degree of external apical root resorption (EARR) in patients treated with the Damon self-ligating bracket system to those treated with the conventional MBT bracket system. Methods: For the study, twenty patients were divided into two groups. Ten patients were treated with MBT equipment in Group I. Damon self-ligating appliances were used to treat ten patients in Group 2. The Levander and Malmgren scores were used to assess root resorption on periapical radiographs of the maxillary incisors at the completion of orthodontic therapy. The chi-square test was used to compare root resorption between groups. Results: There was no significant difference in the degree of root resorption between the two groups, according to the findings. Conclusion: Non-extraction therapy with Damon self-ligating or standard preadjusted equipment resulted in similar root resorption, according to the findings.
TONGUE THRUSTING ORAL HABIT - A REVIEW
Authors:   Post Graduate Student, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research., Renuka Devi Oinam , Somani Rani ,   Professor and Head, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research., Bashir Arwah ,   Post Graduate Student, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research., Basu Payel ,   Post Graduate Student, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research., Leleesh Mayanglambam ,   Post Graduate Student, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research., Thanglienzo Grace ,   Post Graduate Student, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research., Kumar Sarath ,   Post Graduate Student, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research.
Published: March 2022

Tongue thrusting is a condition in which the tongue is observed thrusting between, and the tooth do not close in centric during deglutition. Tongue thrust is an oral habit pattern related to persistence of the infantile swallow pattern during childhood and adolescence and thereby produces protrusion of anterior tooth segment and open bite. Such habits are considered to be normal in children upto the age of 4-5 year. However if these habits persist beyond the eruption of permanent teeth it could lead to various deleterious effect on the teeth. Thus identifying and treating tongue thrusting habit at an early age prevent the development of malocclusion in the future.