bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chuyển đổi từ xe nhiên liệu hóa thạch sang xe điện trên Hành trình bền vững
Authors: La Viet-Phuong , Nguyen Minh-Hoang
Published: October 2023

Quá trình chuyển đổi từ phương tiện chạy bằng nhiên liệu hóa thạch (xăng, dầu) sang phương tiện chạy bằng điện (EV) đại diện cho một thời kỳ mới, rất quan trọng trong lịch sử vận tải. Vào lúc này, khi thế giới vật lộn với những thách thức về biến đổi khí hậu, ô nhiễm không khí và trữ lượng nhiên liệu hóa thạch ngày càng cạn kiệt, việc chuyển đổi sang xe điện được coi là một bước quan trọng hướng tới một tương lai bền vững hơn. Bài viết này khám phá những lý do đằng sau quá trình chuyển đổi này, những lợi ích mà nó mang lại, cùng với những thách thức mà quá trình chuyển đổi đó buộc phải đối diện. Bên cạnh đó, còn có những tác động phức tạp quá trình chuyển đổi có thể tạo nên đối với xã hội và cả môi trường.
INTRODUCTION OF MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: FADILATURAHMAH MEITA
Published: October 2023

Manajemen mengkoordinasikan dan memantau secara keseluruhan dari orang lain agar aktifitas mereka itu bisa diselesaikan secara efektif dan efisien.
Penguatan Moderasi Beragama untuk Mengatasi Terjadinya Intoleransi
Authors: Rizal Saiful
Published: October 2023

Indonesia dikenal dengan negara yang kaya akan budaya, beragam suku, agama, ras, serta golongan. Hal tersebut akan menjadi nilai tambah untuk negara Indonesia karena kaya akan keragaman. Namun, tidak menutup kemungkinan juga apabila keragaman tersebut menjadi bumerang bagi Indonesia itu sendiri. Intoleransi menjadi salah satu dari sekian kemungkinan hal yang dapat menjadi bumerang bagi Indonesia itu sendiri. Lantas, apa itu intoleransi? Intoleransi merupakan kebalikan dari semua prinsip yang terdapat dalam toleransi. Dengan beragamnya suku, ras, agama, serta golongan, memungkinkan munculnya sifat etnosentrisme, di mana masyarakat Indonesia akan merasa bahwa golongannya lebih hebat daripada golongan yang lain, sehingga terjadilah intoleransi. Masalah-masalah mengenai intoleransi yang sering kita jumpai adalah intoleransi agama dan budaya. Intoleransi agama ini dapat meliputi dikucilkannya seseorang karena perbedaan agama yang dianut, merusak fasilitas untuk beribadah, bahkan bom bunuh diri pun terjadi di tempat ibadah. Selanjutnya, intoleransi budaya yang dimana kelompok tertentu yang cenderung sekuler dalam mengutamakan paham dan nilai budaya tertentu.
Ultra-processed food intake in toddlerhood and mid-childhood in the UK: cross sectional and longitudinal perspectives
Authors: Conway Rana , Heuchan Gabriella , Heggie Lisa , Rauber Fernanda , Lowry Natalie , Hallen Hannah , Llewellyn Clare
Published: October 2023

Purpose: i) Characterize ultra-processed food (UPF) intakes in toddlerhood and mid-childhood, including identifying principal UPF sub-groups and associations with nutrient profile, and ii) explore stability and change in UPF intake between toddlerhood and mid-childhood.Methods: Data were from the UK Gemini twin cohort (n=2404 families) at 21 months (n=2591) and 7 years (n=592) of age. UPF intakes were estimated using diet diaries and Nova classification. Complex samples general linear models or logistic regressions were used to explore associations between intake of UPF, UPF sub-groups and nutrients, and changes in intake over time. Results: The contribution of UPF to total energy was 46.9% (± 14.7) at 21 months and 59.4% (± 12.5) at 7 years. Principal UPF sub-groups were yogurts, higher fiber breakfast cereals, and wholegrain breads in toddlerhood, and puddings and sweet cereal products and white bread in mid-childhood. At both ages, higher UPF consumption was associated with consuming more free sugar and sodium, and less protein (P<0.001). UPF intake was positively associated with fat and saturated fat intake in toddlerhood and negatively associated with fiber intake in mid-childhood (P<0.001). Being in the highest UPF intake quintile in toddlerhood was predictive of being in the highest quintile in mid-childhood (OR 9.40, 95% CI 3.94-22.46).Conclusions: UPF accounted for nearly half of toddlers’ total energy (47%), increasing to 59% in mid-childhood. Higher UPF consumers had a less healthy nutrient profile, including higher intakes of free sugar and salt. UPF intake in toddlerhood was predictive of mid-childhood intake.
Taming the Negative Energies in the Klein-Gordon equation
Authors: Vita Alessandro
Published: October 2023

This work was conducted independently. The Klein-Gordon equation, a cornerstone of quantum field theory, presents a challenge in the form of negative energies. In this article, we explore the equation’s properties, highlight the issues arising from negative energies, and discuss a recent attempt to address this problem based on a previous discussion. We introduce the Klein-Gordon equation and its significance in describing scalar particles within the framework of special relativity. The presence of negative-energy solutions, implying the existence of antiparticles, raises concerns about the equation’s interpre- tation. While the Dirac equation successfully incorporates positive and negative energies, it has limitations. Recently, a proposal to remove neg- ative energies from the Klein-Gordon equation has emerged, suggesting the replacement of negative-energy solutions with positive-energy counterparts. However, further investigation and validation are necessary to determine the viability of this approach. The removal of negative energies would have significant implications for our understanding of quantum field theory and its applications in particle physics. This article calls for continued exploration of alternative approaches to deepen our knowledge of fundamental particles and their interactions.This work was conducted independently.
大气遥相关的地球地理位置的定性观察初步结果
Authors: YANG Zheng-Ling
Published: October 2023

对地球大气遥相关与地球表面之间关系的定性观察可见，遥相关常出现在海洋或相对平坦的陆地上；陆地对海洋，或者陆地上高山等地形突变，往往是遥相关的地表地理边界。这些大尺度的相对平坦的地形，有利于某些微小作用的不断累积。对Climate Reanalyzer™, Climate Institute and University of Maine 温度“日”时间序列的观察，可见海洋温度波动明显比陆地大。北半球陆地明显多于南半球，北极区域陆地明显多于南极。所以，南半球、南极温度波动更明显。
Menolak Korupsi Demi Kemajuan Indonesia
Authors: Putri Mahardiantika Industriani
Published: October 2023

Korupsi merupakan kejahatan khusus ang bersifat serius, terorganisir, dan dapat menimbulkan masalah dan ancaman yang serius karena karena hal itu dapat mengancam stabilitas dan keamanan negara. Kesuksean pemberantasan korupsi juga bergantung pada pihak yag bersedia melakukan hal tersebut. Meskipun Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) sebagai penegak apparat hukum dalam kasus pidana korupsi, namun, menuru UU Peradilan Militer, KPK tidak mempunyai kewenangan dalam melakukan penyelidikan dan penydikan tindak pidana korupsi oleh anggota TNI karena KPK bukan bagian dari penyidik militer.
MEMBANGUN KESADARAN GENERASI MUDA DALAM PENDIDIKAN ANTI KORUPSI
Authors: Novitasari Bella Siska
Published: October 2023

Dalam mewujudkan tindakan anti korupsi sebagai agent perubahan untuk indonesia lebih maju, dimana peran generasi muda sangat berpengaruh bagi kehidupan bangsa untuk masa dengan dengan tindakan mulai dari sejak dini yang dimana persoalaan- persoalan terkait korupsi di Indonesia ini mungkin masih sulit untuk dihilangkan dikalangan generasi yang sekarang dimana korupsi ini sudah menjadi fenomena yang sangat lumrah di kalangan bermasyarakat, dengan adanya generasi muda dengan langkah awal membentuk tindakan anti korupsi yang berlandaskan pancasila bisa menjadi salah satu generasi penerus bangsa yang sangat anti dengan adanya korupsi serta kesadaran hukum yang tetap didalam diri kita masing-masing, metode penelitian yang di gunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini yaitu metode penelitian empiris dengan mengumpulkan data melalui prilaku keseharian serta tindakan-tindakan secara langsung di kalangan bermasarkat, dengan mengedepankan generasi muda untuk merubah kebiasaan buruk menjadi bersih contohnya bersih akan korupsi yang sudah mendarah daging, dengan berlandaskan generasi muda yang berwawasan tinggi, jujur, berani,kritis,peduli, optimis serta tanggu dalam permasalahan permasalahan yang ada di Indonesia contohnya korupsi.
Various news from October (Supplement III:39)
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: October 2023

(Supplement to the history of computer science and technology)
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN DAN PENGELOLAAN MAIL MERGE DAN KOP SURAT UNTUK PARA GURU DAN KARYAWAN DI ERA DIGITAL
Authors: Salsabila Aullia
Published: October 2023

Cara paling tepat dalam mengelola dokumen digital di zaman sekarang untuk bisa menghasilkan sebuah informasi yang dibutuhkan yaitu dengan menggunakan Mail Merge serta Kop Surat dan diantara pengelolaan tersebut yaitu bisa untuk mengelola keperluan mengenai dokumen digital didunia pendidikan terkhusus di sekolah yaitu guru dan karyawan sekolah yang sering berhubungan dengan dokumen-dokumen sekolah. Guru serta karyawan sekolah perlu adanya peningkatan kompetensi mengenai Mail Merge dan Kop surat dalam bidang penguasaan software aplikasi khususnya didalam tiga Microsoft Office yaitu Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, dan Microsoft Access maka dari itu perlu adanya pelatihan bagi guru dan karyawan mengenai pembuatan serta pengelolaan Mail Marge dan Kop Surat.
Social Responsibility and Managerial Ethick
Authors: Perdiani Firna
Published: October 2023

Social responsibility and managerial ethick
Mengelola Keberagaman
Authors: Ningtias Devi Nakafah
Published: October 2023

Didalam Perusahaan atau entitas bisnis serta organisasi pasti didalamnya terdapat orang-orang dengan latar belakang yang berbeda. Beragam suku, budaya, bahasa, agama dan lain sebagainya. Hal tersebut dapat menjadi pembangun keberagaman, keberagaman tersebut pun harus dikelola agar perbedaan tersebut tidak menimbulkan suatu masalah dalam organisasi.
Manajemen dan Organisasi
Authors: Ningtias Devi Nakafah
Published: October 2023

Manager adalah seseorang yang bertugas dan bertanggung jawab untuk mengkoordinasikan dan memantau pekerjaan orang lain diaman aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh manajer tersebut dapat mampu mencapai tujuan organisasi itu. Organisasi itu merupakan sekumpulan orang yang berinteraksi mengerjakan tugas-tugas, yang saling berkaitan untuk suatu tujuan yang telah ditetapkan.
Betting on the Wrong Horse: Lobbying on TPP and the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election
Authors: Hennicke Moritz , Blanga-Gubbay Michael
Published: October 2023

We provide systematic evidence that lobbying by firms on trade agreements matters fortheir stock prices. We leverage a unique shock to U.S. trade policy – the unexpected victoryof Donald Trump in the 2016 U.S. presidential election, and the de facto U.S. withdrawalfrom the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). We find that stocks of companies that advocatedfor TPP underperformed, experiencing a reduction in share prices by 3.15%. Further, firmswhose lobbying efforts were prominently covered in online news media and those lobbyingon provisions of particular interest to the U.S. faced more pronounced losses.
The role of prediction error in 4-year-olds’ learning of English direct object datives
Authors: Gambi Chiara , Messenger Katherine
Published: October 2023

Is children’s acquisition of structural knowledge driven by prediction errors? Error-driven mod-els of language acquisition propose that children generate expectations about upcoming words (prediction), compare them to the input, and when they detect a mismatch (i.e., prediction error signal), update their long-term linguistic knowledge. But we only have limited empirical evidence for this learning mechanism. Using a novel touch-screen app and a pre-post training be-tween-subjects design, we tested the effect of prediction errors on 120 English-learning 4-year-olds’understanding of challenging direct object datives. We hypothesised that children who are exposed to input that encourages the generation of prediction error signals should show greater improvements in their post-test comprehension scores. Consistent with error-driven mod-els of language learning, we found that children exposed to sentences which encouraged the gen-eration of incorrect linguistic predictions improved numerically more than those who were ex-posed to sentences that did not support predictions. However, we caution that these preliminary findings need to be confirmed by additional testing on much larger samples (we only tested 20-30 children per training condition). If confirmed, these findings would provide some of the strongest empirical support to date for the role of prediction error in the acquisition of linguistic structure.
Lý do săn bắt cá voi: Để “giảm phát thải CO2”
Authors: Nguyen Minh-Hoang , Yen Nguyen Thi Quynh
Published: October 2023

Ông Loftsson – người đứng đầu doanh nghiệp săn bắt cá voi thương mại cuối cùng tại Iceland lại không hề lo lắng về phán quyết này, dù nhiều người cho rằng nó có thể khiến doanh nghiệp của ông lao đao. Ông tin tưởng vào việc mình vẫn có thể tiếp tục đánh bắt vào năm sau và đưa ra những lập luận của riêng mình khi bị cáo buộc phá hoại môi trường.
Reliability for music-induced heart rate synchronization
Authors: Nomura Ryota
Published: October 2023

Common inputs synchronize various biological systems. This mechanism potentially explains collective human emotions in theater as unintentional behavioral synchronization. However, the inter-subject correlation of physiological signals among individuals is small. Based on empirical and theoretical findings on the common input synchronization of nonlinear systems, we hypothesized that individual differences in perceptual and cognitive systems reduce the reliability of physiological responses to aesthetic stimuli and, thus, disturb synchronization. We tested this by comparing the inter- and intra-subject Pearson correlation coefficients and nonlinear phase synchronization, calculated using instantaneous heart rate data measured while appreciating music. The results demonstrated that inter-subject correlations were consistently lower than intra-subject correlations, regardless of participants’ music preferences and daily moods. These results suggest that music-induced heart rate synchronization depends on the reliability of physiological responses to musical pieces rather than mood or motivation. This study lays the foundation for future empirical research on collective emotions in theater.
The Long-Term Collateral Consequences of Juvenile Justice Involvement for Females
Authors: Schweer-Collins Maria , Dierkhising Carly , Leve Leslie D.
Published: October 2023

Females are the fastest growing justice involved population in the United States, yet there is relatively little empirical research on the collateral consequences of juvenile justice involvement specifically for females. A growing body of empirical research underscores the detrimental effects of juvenile justice involvement, both in the short and long term. The current study describes the long-term collateral consequences of juvenile justice involvement for females previously involved in the juvenile justice system, drawing from a longitudinal dataset of 166 women who were initially recruited in adolescence due to chronic and severe justice system involvement. Participants were 15 years-old on average at study enrollment and 35 years-old on average at the current assessment. This paper describes the adolescent and adult experiences of the sample, therefore depicting the developmental trajectories of risk and protective factors for females involved with juvenile justice. As adults, 73% of the sample experienced arrest and 36% experienced incarceration. High rates of mental and physical health problems were reported, including that 50% of the sample met diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder. Over 400 children were born to the sample, with high rates of documented intergenerational child welfare involvement. Study findings are discussed in the context of best practices for supporting adolescent girls involved with the juvenile justice system.
How Distinct Motivational Factors Shape Information Seeking Around News
Authors: O'Donoghue Ellen , Eschmann Kathrin C. J. , Tsujimura Hikaru , Crawford Bonni , Caswell David , Oosterwijk Suzanne , Gruber Matthias
Published: October 2023

Researchers and news providers have increasingly aimed to identify the distinct motivational factors that underlie news consumption. However, existing theoretical approaches are rarely data-driven and existing media strategies have not been empirically tested. To address this gap, we created 24 questionnaire items intended to capture a range of cognitive and affective motivations that might support news consumption (Experiment 1). Through factor analysis, we identified three distinct motivational factors: ‘Informational Updating’, ‘Understanding & Sense-Making’, and ‘Affect Regulation’. Among the three factors, ‘Informational Updating’ was most strongly predictive of general news consumption frequency. Furthermore, this relationship could not be explained by individuals’ general tendencies to express curiosity (i.e., trait curiosity). In a pre-registered follow-up experiment (Experiment 2), we next asked whether the same factors that promote general news consumption would also promote news consumption surrounding a specific world event: the February 2022 invasion of Ukraine. Although all three motivational factors individually predicted news consumption frequency surrounding the invasion, only the influence of ‘Understanding & Sense-Making’ remained significant while controlling for the other motivational factors. In line with prior research and existing media perspectives, our data suggest that the desire to stay informed may be the most critical driver of general news-seeking tendencies. Additionally, we extend previous research by demonstrating that ‘Understanding & Sense-Masking’ can take precedence for specific, major news topics.
Prosody vs. syntax, or prosody and syntax? Evaluating accounts of delta-band tracking
Authors: Coopmans Cas W. , Martin Andrea E.
Published: October 2023

Recent studies have shown that neural activity tracks the syntactic structure of phrases and sentences in connected speech. This work has sparked intense debate, with some researchers aiming to account for the effect in terms of the overt or imposed prosodic properties of the speech signal. In this chapter, we present four types of arguments against attempts to explain putatively syntactic tracking effects in prosodic terms. The most important limitation of such prosodic accounts is that they are architecturally incomplete, as prosodic information does not arise in speech autonomously. Prosodic and syntactic structure are interrelated, so prosodic cues are informative about the intended syntactic analysis, and syntactic information can be used to aid speech perception. Rather than trying to attribute neural tracking effects exclusively to one linguistic component, we consider it more fruitful to think about ways in which the interaction between the components drives the neural signal.
Building machine learning prediction models for wellbeing using predictors from the exposome and genome in a population cohort
Authors: Pelt Dirk , Habets Philippe , Vinkers Christiaan , Ligthart Lannie , van Beijsterveldt Toos , Pool René , Bartels Meike
Published: October 2023

Using longitudinal data of a large population cohort (Netherlands Twin Register; collected 1991-2022), we aim to build machine learning prediction models for adult wellbeing from the exposome and genome, and identify the most predictive factors (Ns between 702 and 5874). The specific exposome was captured by parent- and self-reports of psychosocial factors from childhood to adulthood, the genome by polygenic scores, and the general exposome by linkage of participants’ postal codes to objective, registry-based exposures. Not the genome (R2 = -.007) but the general exposome (R2 = .047) and especially the specific exposome (R2 = .702) were predictive of wellbeing in an independent test set. The genome and general exposome did not improve prediction beyond the specific exposome. Risk/protective factors such as optimism, personality, social support, and neighborhood housing characteristics were most predictive. Our findings highlight the importance of longitudinal monitoring and promises of different data modalities for wellbeing prediction.
When expert predictions fail
Authors: Grossmann Igor , Varnum Michael E. W. , Hutcherson Cendri , Mandel David R.
Published: October 2023

We examine the opportunities and challenges of expert judgment in social sciences, scrutinizing the way social scientists make predictions. While social scientists show above chance accuracy in predicting lab-based phenomena, they often struggle to predict real-world societal changes. We argue that most causal models used in social sciences are oversimplified, confuse levels of analysis to which a model applies, misalign nature of the models with the nature of the phenomena, and fail to consider factors beyond the scientist’s pet theory. Taking cues from physical sciences and meteorology, we advocate for an approach that integrates broad foundational models with context-specific time series data. We call for a shift in the social sciences towards more precise, daring predictions, and greater intellectual humility.
Is combined antidepressant medication (ADM) and psychotherapy better than either monotherapy at preventing suicide attempts and other psychiatric serious adverse events for depressed patients? A rare events meta-analysis
Authors: Zainal Nur Hani
Published: October 2023

Background: Antidepressant medication (ADM)-only, psychotherapy-only, and their combination are the first-line treatment options for major depressive disorder (MDD). Previous meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) established that psychotherapy and combined treatment were superior to ADM-only for MDD treatment remission or response. The current meta-analysis extended previous ones by determining the comparative efficacy of ADM-only, psychotherapy-only, and combined treatment on suicide attempts and other serious psychiatric adverse events (i.e., psychiatric emergency department (ED) visit, psychiatric hospitalization, and/or suicide death; SAEs). Methods: Peto odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals were computed from the present random effects meta-analysis. Thirty-four relevant RCTs were included. Results: Psychotherapy-only was stronger than combined treatment (1.9% v. 3.7%; OR = 1.96 [1.20, 3.20], p = .012) and ADM-only (3.0% v. 5.6%; OR = 0.45 [0.30, 0.67], p = .001) in decreasing the likelihood of SAEs in the primary and trim-and-fill sensitivity analyses. Combined treatment was better than ADM-only in reducing the probability of SAEs (6.0% v. 8.7%; OR = 0.74 [0.56, 0.96], p = .029), but this comparative efficacy finding was non-significant in the sensitivity analyses. Subgroup analyses revealed the advantage of psychotherapy-only over combined treatment and ADM-only for reducing SAE risk among children and adolescents and the benefit of combined treatment over ADM-only among adults. Conclusions: Overall, psychotherapy and combined treatment outperformed ADM-only in reducing the likelihood of SAEs, perhaps by conferring strategies to enhance reasons for living. Plausibly, psychotherapy should be prioritized for high-risk youths and combined treatment for high-risk adults with MDD.
Neighbourhood characteristics and socioeconomic inequalities in child mental health: cross-sectional and longitudinal findings from the Growing Up in Ireland Study
Authors: Putra I Gusti Ngurah Edi , McInerney Amy , Robinson Eric , Deschênes Sonya S.
Published: October 2023

Background: We examined the role of neighbourhood characteristics in explaining socioeconomic inequalities in child mental health in Ireland.Methods: Data from Cohort ’08 of Growing Up in Ireland with Wave 3 (age 5) as the baseline and Wave 5 (age 9) as the follow-up (n=8,373 for cross-sectional and n=6,349 for longitudinal analyses) were used. Socioeconomic status (SES) indicators were caregiver education, occupation, and equivalised household income. Caregiver and teacher reports of total difficulties score (TDS) from the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire were combined with a higher score indicating more mental health difficulties. Twenty neighbourhood items rated by caregivers were grouped into five domains (neighbourhood safety, built environments, cohesion, interaction, and disorder) using exploratory factor analysis. We used linear regression to assess the associations between SES indicators, neighbourhood characteristics, and TDS, controlling for sociodemographic covariates. Mediation analysis informed the extent to which (%) neighbourhood domains explained the SES-TDS associations. Network psychometric analysis was used to identify neighbourhood items that were most strongly linked to TDS.Results: Lower SES was consistently associated with a higher baseline, follow-up TDS, and longitudinal changes in TDS. Favourable neighbourhood domains (higher safety, cohesion, interaction, lower disorder) were associated with lower baseline and follow-up TDS. Neighbourhood safety, cohesion, and disorder were also associated with longitudinal changes in TDS across waves. Four neighbourhood domains (except built environments) explained the associations between SES and baseline and follow-up TDS by 3% to 18% in separate single mediation models, and these four domains in concert explained 12% to 23% in multiple mediation models. Built environments domain predicted TDS and mediated the associations between SES and baseline TDS (5% to 11%) in urban children only. No mediation of the associations between SES and longitudinal changes in TDS by neighbourhood domains was observed. Findings from network analysis indicated that specific concerns over “people being drunk or taking drugs in public” and whether “this is a safe neighbourhood” may act as key conceptual bridges between neighbourhood characteristics and TDS.Conclusions: Neighbourhood characteristics may explain cross-sectional socioeconomic inequalities in child mental health. Improving neighbourhood characteristics where lower-SES children live may be important to reduce SES-based inequalities in child mental health.
A perceptual cue-based mechanism for automatic assignment of thematic agent and patient roles
Authors: Vettori Sofie , Odin Catherine , Hochmann Jean-Rémy , Papeo Liuba
Published: October 2023

Understanding a social event requires assigning the participating entities to roles such as agent and patient, a mental operation that is reportedly effortless. We investigated whether, in processing visual scenes, role assignment is accomplished automatically (i.e., when the task does not require it), based on visuo-spatial information alone. Participants (male and female human adults) saw a series of images featuring the same male and female actors next to each other, one in an agent-like (more dynamic, leaning forward) and the other in a patient-like (static/less dynamic) posture. They had to indicate the side (left/right) of a target-actor (i.e., the female). From trial to trial, body postures changed, but the roles, defined by the type of posture, sometimes changed, sometimes not. If participants spontaneously saw the actors as agent and patient, they should be slower to respond when roles switched from trial n-1 to trial n, than when they stayed the same (role-switch cost). Results confirmed this hypothesis (Experiments 1-3). A role-switch cost was also found when roles were defined by another visual relational cue, the relative positioning (where one actor stands relative to another), but not when actors were presented in isolation (Experiments 4-6). These findings reveal a mechanism for automatic role assignment based on encoding of visual relational information in social (multiple-person) scenes. Since we found that role assignment in one trial affected the same process in the subsequent trial, this mechanism must be one that assigns entities in a scene, to the abstract categories of agent and patient.
If it Bleeps it Leads? - Media Coverage on Cyber Conflict and Misperception
Authors: A.Makridis Christos , Maschmeyer Lennart , Smeets Max
Published: October 2023

What determines media coverage on cyber conflict? Media bias fostering misperception is a well-established problem in conflict reporting. Because of the secrecy and complexity surrounding cyber operations, where most data moreover comes from marketing publications by private sector firms, this problem is likely to be especially pronounced in reporting on cyber threats. Because media reporting shapes public perception, such bias can shape conflict dynamics and outcomes with potentially destabilizing consequences. Yet little research has examined media bias systematically. This study connects existing literature on media reporting bias with the cyber conflict literature to formulate four theoretical explanations for variation in reporting on cyber operations based on four corresponding characteristics of a cyber operation. We introduce a new dataset of cyber operations reporting by the private sector, which we call the Cyber Conflict Media Coverage Dataset, and media reporting on each of these operations. Consequently, we conduct a statistical analysis to identify which of these characteristics correlate with reporting quantity. This analysis shows the use of novel techniques, specifically zero-day exploits, is a highly significant predictor of coverage quantity. Operations targeting the military or financial sector generate less coverage. We also find that cyber effect operations tend to receive more coverage compared to espionage, but this result is not statistically significant. Nonetheless, the predictive models explain limited variation in news coverage. These findings indicate cyber operations are treated differently in the media than other forms of conflict, and help explain persistent threat perception among the public despite the absence of catastrophic cyber attacks.
Preprint review services: Disrupting the scholarly communication landscape?
Authors: Henriques Susana Oliveira , Rzayeva Narmin , Pinfield Stephen , Waltman Ludo
Published: October 2023

Preprinting has gained considerable momentum, and in some fields it has turned into a well-established way to share new scientific findings. The possibility to organise quality control and peer review for preprints is also increasingly highlighted, leading to the development of preprint review services. We report a descriptive study of preprint review services with the aim of developing a systematic understanding of the main characteristics of these services, evaluating how they manage preprint review, and positioning them in the broader scholarly communication landscape. Our study shows that preprint review services have the potential to turn peer review into a more transparent and rewarding experience and to improve publishing and peer review workflows. We are witnessing the growth of a mixed system in which preprint servers, preprint review services and journals operate mostly in complementary ways. In the longer term, however, preprint review services may disrupt the scholarly communication landscape in a more radical way.
EdTech Myths: Towards a critical digital educational agenda (Spanish version)
Authors: Guerrero Cristóbal Suárez , Rivera-Vargas Pablo , Raffaghelli Juliana Elisa
Published: October 2023

Los mitos son narraciones universales vinculadas a objetos, que conforman identidades sociales y personales. Las tecnologías generan mitos modernos que influyen en nuestras decisiones y afectan a nuestras vidas. El presente estudio se centra en los mitos EdTech. A partir de un enfoque metodológico cualitativo basado en el codiseño, se identifican cinco mitos EdTech relevantes. Posteriormente, el análisis se llevó a cabo desde (1) un enfoque hermenéutico, basado en la experiencia de los autores en el campo EdTech, y (2) una revisión y contraste de la literatura científica relevante. Los resultados explican, en primer lugar, por qué surgen y persisten estos mitos en EdTech; en segundo lugar, el estudio puede ayudar a desmitificarlos. En general, los mitos EdTech deterioran la educación mediada por la tecnología digital porque la consideran desde una perspectiva ampliamente reduccionista, especialmente desde el capitalismo EdTech. Por eso es necesario prestar más atención a los mitos EdTech, para establecer una agenda educativa que conduzca a categorías de acción y a la transformación crítica de la relación educación y tecnología.
AMMICO, an AI-based Media and Misinformation Content Analysis Tool
Authors: Dumitrescu Delia , Ulusoy Inga S. , Andriushchenko Petr , Daskalakis Gwydion , Kempf Dominic , Ma Xianghe
Published: October 2023

ammico (AI-based Media and Misinformation Content Analysis Tool) is a publicly available software package written in Python 3, whose purpose is the simultaneous evaluation of the text and graphical content of image files. After describing the software features, we provide an assessment of its performance using a multi country, multi-language data set containing COVID-19 social media disinformation posts. We conclude by highlighting the tool’s advantages for communication research.
The mystery of word-initial consonant loss in Kera'a
Authors: Culhane Kirsten , Peck Naomi , Reinöhl Uta
Published: October 2023

Kera’a, a Trans-Himalayan language, shows a theoretically and typologically unexpected loss of word-initial consonants in CV syllables (e.g. /kalondrõ/ > /alondrõ/ ‘mosquito’, /tahru/ > /ahru/ ‘to ask’, /miku/ > /iku/ ‘dog’). Word-initial consonant loss challenges certain widespread assumptions: that the CV syllable is the preferred syllable structure, and that consonants in word-initial position are strengthened rather than reduced. In addition, we will see that the Kera’a data also challenges the notion that sound change is necessarily phonetically grounded. So far, this kind of unexpected loss has otherwise mostly been found in numerous Australian languages, where it is described as a typological and theoretical oddity (Blevins 2001, 2007, Verstraete 2022). Attempts to explain word-initial consonant loss in the Australian context are diverse (Blevins 2001), and in several instances, there is no satisfactory explanation. In this paper, we argue that Kera’a poses a perhaps even greater challenge to phonological theory, as none of the Australianist explanations — stress shift, phonetically “weak” consonants, or contextual predictability — holds for Kera’a. In contrast to several Australian languages, Kera’a also shows little evidence for a phonetic foundation of the loss in lenition. This paper explores this unexpected loss through a discussion of Kera’a synchronic and diachronic phonology, and through a detailed acoustic analysis of stress. Based on our findings, we argue for a qualification of some of the most basic tenets of phonological theory.
How does coach encouragement affect soccer test performance?
Authors: SOYLU Yusuf , ARSLAN Erşan , YILMAZ Osman , KİLİT Bülent
Published: October 2023

This study investigated the effects of positive and negative coach encouragement (CE) on young soccer players' physical test performance and technical abilities. A single-blind, time-parallel experimental research model was developed. Nineteen young soccer players (age = 16.95 ± 0.78 years) voluntarily participated in the study. This study was conducted in two stages. In the first part, soccer players were subjected to different tests to determine their speed, agility, jumping, balance, and aerobic fitness level without any encouragement from the coach. These tests were performed with the CE in the second part. According to the study findings, positive CE was more effective than negative CE on the aerobic fitness level, sprint, jump, and zig-zag without ball test performances (p
Исследования по определению жизнеспособности семенного материала представителей семейства Asteraceae, находящихся на хранении в Семенном банке природной флоры Казахстана
Authors: Махмудова К.Х. , Мурзатаева Т.Ш. , Ситпаева Г.Т. , Елубаева А.С. , Муган А. , Дүкенбаева Б.С. , Саржанова С.Д.
Published: October 2023

Представляем вашему вниманию начало серии научно-образовательных статей, описывающих ре-зультаты исследований, проводимых в лаборатории «Семенной банк» РГП «Институт ботаники и фи-тоинтродукции». Кроме того, данная серия статей направлена на привлечение интереса и внимания к работе Семенного банка. В настоящей статье представлены исследования представителей семейства Asteraceae, хранящихся в Семенном банке природной флоры Казахстана (далее — СБ). Описаны ме-тоды, использующиеся в работе СБ: условия хранения семенного материала, определение жизнеспо-собности семян. Дана информация об условном делении хранящихся образцов на лекарственные, декоративные и эндемичные виды. Также представлены данные по результатам определения всхожести семян представителей семейства Asteraceae.
Введение in vitro и регенерационная способность реликтового эндемика недзвецкия семиреченская Niedzwedzkia semiretschenskia B. Fedtsch
Authors: Мурсалиева В.К. , Сәрсенбек Б.Т. , Алғазы А.Т. , Турашева С.К. , Муханов Т.М. , Мурзатаева Т.Ш. , Ситпаева Г.Т.
Published: October 2023

В статье приведены экспериментальные данные по получению асептической культуры редкого реликтового вида недзвецкия (инкарвиллея) семиреченская Niedzwedzkia semiretschenskia от исходных семян из природных популяций на юге Казахстана. Изучено влияние гормонального состава питательной среды Мурасиге и Скуга на всхожесть семян, адвентивное побегообразование и укоренение in vitro. Проведена оценка коэффициента размножения в ходе многократного микрочеренкования асептических побегов. Установлено, что in vitro всхожесть семян не превышала 25 % на среде Кнопа, максимальная всхожесть отмечалась при их посадке в почвенный субстрат. Внесение в среду цитокинина 6-бензиламинопурина (БАП) приводило к образованию каллуса из тканей семядолей, к адвентивному побегообразованию у апикальных эксплантов проростков с настоящими листьями. Выявлено, что оптимальной средой для микроклонального размножения является среда с внесением 0,5 мг/л БАП с максимальным коэффициентом размножения 7,84 на втором пассаже. Установлено, что при депонировании в условиях низкой положительной температуры в течение 6 месяцев пробирочная культура инкарвиллеи сохраняет жизнеспособность и восстаналивает рост при переносе в стационарные условия световой комнаты. В результате работы проведено введение в культуру тканей, микроклональное размножение и создана депонированная коллекция in vitro реликтового вида N. semiretschenskia.
Оптимизация условий микроклонального размножения и среднесрочного хранения in vitro редкого вида смородины Янчевского для сохранения
Authors: Нұртаза А.С. , Дюсембекова Д.А. , Исламова С.С. , Саматова И.Н. , Умирзакова А.Т. , Какимжанова А.А.
Published: October 2023

В статье представлены результаты исследований по сохранению редкого вида растения смородины Янчевского (Ribes janczewskii) в условиях in vitro. Этот вид смородины более устойчив к болезням, вредителям и низким температурам, а также содержит большое количество полезных веществ, таких как аскорбиновая кислота, полифенолы и антоцианы по сравнению с другими видами. Ранее не проводились исследования по разработке биотехнологии для сохранения этого исчезающего вида. Авторами данной работы подобраны эффективная стерилизация и введение эксплантов смородины Янчевского в культуру in vitro, в качестве стерилизующего агента выбран 12 %-ный раствор перекиси водорода с режимом стерилизации 5 мин, где жизнеспособность эксплантов достигла до 73,3 %. Также для мультипликации оптимизирован состав питательной среды WPM с добавлением БАП 0,5 мг/л, ГК 0,4 мг/л и ИМК 0,1 мг/л, который позволил получить 4,83 новых побега на эксплант. Для среднесрочного хранения микропобегов смородины Янчевского наиболее оптимальным условием была выбрана питательная среда WPM с добавлением маннита в концентрации 20 гр/л, в результате чего прирост по высоте побегов и количеству листьев был низким, размножение побегов не наблюдалось. Была создана коллекция смородины Янчевского в культуре in vitro, которая позволит размножить и сохранить этот ценный вид. В настоящее время микроклонально размножено 250 побегов, из которых 120 побегов были культивированы на питательных средах для среднесрочного хранения.
Флористические находки на территории Казахстана
Authors: Пережогин Ю.В. , Бородулина О.В. , Ерохин Н.Г. , Кубентаев С.А.
Published: October 2023

В процессе изучения Гербария Института экологии растений и животных (SVER) выявлены 16 видов растений, относящихся к 12 родам из 10 семейств, ранее не отмечавшихся для отдельных флористических районов (ФР) Казахстана: Каратауского ФР — 2 вида (Allium caeruleum и A. obliquum), Эмбинского ФР — 1 (Allium strictum), Южно-Устюртского ФР — 5 (Alyssum dasycarpum, Amberboa nana, Amberboa turanica, Arnebia decumbens и Asparagus breslerianus) и Тобол-Ишимского ФР — 8 видов (Bromus arvensis, B. squarrosus, Epilobium tetragonum, Matthiola superba, Psephellus sergii, Salix vinogradovii, Schoenoplectus hippolyti и Silene tatarica). Среди находок Bromus arvensis является новым видом для флоры Казахстана. Полученные результаты существенно расширяют имеющиеся представления о распространении приведенных видов во флоре Казахстана.
Analysis of the syngenesis pioneer stage on the iron ore enterprises dump sites in the Kostanay region
Authors: Simanchuk Ye.A. , Kuprijanov А.N. , Sultangazina G.J.
Published: October 2023

Study of primary stages of syngenesis at the dumps of the Sokolovsko-Sarbai Mining and Processing Production Association, including Sokolovsky, Sarbaisky, Kacharsky deposits was carried out. In total, during the study, 63 geobotanical descriptions were compiled; pioneer grouping being found in 15 of them. Waste and poor rocks of iron ore open pits dumps are difficult to demutate during first few years after backfilling completion, therefore, succession initial stage here proceeds extremely slowly. However, succession rate gradually increases as the edaphic conditions of the ecotype improve and phyto-environment develops. Moreover, during the study, division of soils into saline and non-saline ones was discovered, establishing that this factor greatly influenced projective cover and species composition of the pioneer plants discovered. Floristic data were processed using IBIS 7.2 program developed by Zverev. Qualitative and quantitative accounting of plants was carried out in accordance with generally accepted botanical methods, during the application of which such parameters as occurrence, general and partial projective cover were noted. It was ascertained that on saline soils halophytes and weedy species with wide ecological amplitude predominate, while on non-saline ones different types of wormwood are most stable. All species on the dumps with non-saline substrates show wide ecological amplitude.
Selecting sterilization conditions for the explants of different potato varieties to be in vitro introduced into the culture
Authors: Amantayev N.G. , Silantyeva M.M. , Khassanov V.T.
Published: October 2023

An explant is a fragment of plant tissue or organ that is incubated on its own or used to produce a primary callus. The introduction of any plant’s tissues into the culture in vitro begins with the selection of an uninfected viable explant. The authors presented the results of the effect of various sterilizing agents as well as the treatment timing on the viability of plant explants during microclonal propagation of potatoes of the following varieties: Aladin, Gala, Nevsky, Udacha and Kostanay Novosti. The meristem sprouts from potato tubers were used as parent material. The following commercial sterilizing agents were used: Bleach (Belizna), Tween 20, Lyzoformin 3000, 96 % ethyl alcohol. The influence of sterilizing agents as well as the timing of the treatment on the viability of explants and their contamination is analyzed. As a result of the experiments, it has been found that the most effective sterilizing agent is the 3 % bleach and 96 % ethyl alcohol with exposure duration of 10 minutes. Based on the results of the experiment, it is proposed to use the 3 % bleach with an exposure time of 10 minutes as the main sterilizing agent, and the 96 % ethyl alcohol as some pre-treatment of explants to reduce surface contamination. The authors believe that the 96 % ethyl alcohol is the best option for sterilizing solutions since it is a non-toxic, gentle method of sterilization with minimum damage of the plant material tissues.
Восстановление регрессирующих популяций Populus diversifolia Schrenk в поймах рек Или и Сырдарья с применением клонирования in vitro
Authors: Турдиев Т.Т. , Ковальчук И.Ю. , Кабылбекова Б.Ж. , Толеген А. , Михайленко Н.В. , Рахимбаев И.Р.
Published: October 2023

Восстановление регрессирующих популяций Populus diversifolia Schrenk эффективно проводить с применением клонирования in vitro, что позволяет ускоренно и в массовом количестве получать посадочный материал в контейнерах с закрытой корневой системой и высадить растения в естественную среду обитания. Введение P. diversifolia в культуру in vitro эффективно проводить в зимний период после завершения физиологического покоя. Однолетние одревесневшие черенки длиной 6–7 см с 2–3 почками из отобранных плюсовых деревьев стерилизовали от сапрофитной микрофлоры отбеливателем «Белизна» (1:1) 10 мин и раствором 0,1% HgCl2 5 мин и помещали на среду. Оптимальная среда для клонального микроразмножения — МС, БАП-0,1 мг/л; ГК-0,02 мг/л; В1-0,5 мг/л; глюкоза 20 г/л.Для перевода растений из in vitro в контейнерную культуру лучшим субстратом является торф + чернозем + песок, 50/40/10 соответственно. Для восстановления тугайных лесов, 225 шт саженцев в контейнерах (ЗКС) высадили на территории КГУ «Баканасское лесное хозяйство» в дельте р. Или, и 200 шт на территории КГУ «Отрарское государственное учреждение по охране лесов и животного мира» в дельте реки Сырдарья. Приживаемость саженцев в дельте реки Или составила 95 %, в дельте реки Сырдарья 43 %.
In silico study of the interaction features of microRNAs obtained from the diet
Authors: Yerkinkazhina Ye.Ye. , Bekenkali A. , Toleukanova T. T. , Kassymova Zh. E. , Atambayeva Sh. A.
Published: October 2023

To investigate the effect of diet on the expression of genes is a new direction that has every chance to influence the development of diseases. Due to this, exogenous diet derived miRNA can make a positive contribution to genes of mRNA, opening up new opportunities for the use of food mi-RNAs to maintain health and fight diseases. There is considerable interest in the use of circulating miRNAs derived from the diet as biomarkers, and the potential for the use of dietary-derived mammalian miRNAs may represent a powerful new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diseases. According to this assessment, miRNAs play a beneficial role in the genesis of socially significant diseases such as obesity, diabetes, endocrine diseases. This article attempts to collect possible information to strengthen the theory of dietary miRNAs and its action. More precisely, the mechanisms of miRNAs and mRNA target genes that are associated with genes accountable for the appearance of endocrine diseases, the binding sites of miRNA and mRNA target genes have been revealed. A special mechanism in the progress in the diseases is played by a violation of the regulation of the expression of target genes, which makes it possible to detect the disease at early stage. The bioinformatics computational approach of binding genes and miRNA was performed using the NewGeneralScanning program. As a result of the databases of genes and miRNAs involved in diseases of the endocrine systems were composed. Genes and miRNA binding sites have been identified, the expression of which is disrupted in significant diseases of endocrinology.