bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discrete Element Simulation Based on Elastic–Plastic Damping Model of Corn Kernel–Cob Bonding Force for Rotation Speed Optimization of Threshing Component
Authors: Yu Yajun , Li Liangshan , Zhao Jiale , Wang Xiaogeng
Published: August 2021

Current corn kernel-cob bonding mechanics models (LSD models) uniformly consider the bonding force changes during the maize threshing operation as an elastic change, resulting in computational errors of up to 10% or more in discrete element simulations. Due to the inability to perform high-precision discrete element simulation of the mechanics characteristics during the corn threshing operation, the core operating parameters of the corn thresher (rotation speed of the threshing component) rely mainly on empirical settings, resulting in a consistent difficulty in exceeding 85% of the corn ear threshing rate. In this paper, by testing the mechanics characteristics of corn kernels, the bonding force is found to have both elastic and plastic changes during the threshing process. An elastic–plastic (EP) damping model of the corn kernel–cob bonding force was established by introducing a bonding restitution coefficient e to achieve an integrated consideration of the two changes. By testing the relationship between the properties of the corn ear itself and the model parameters, the pattern of the effect of the corn ear moisture content and the loading direction of the ear by force on the EP model parameters was found. By establishing a model of the relationship between the corn cob’s own properties and the model parameters, the EP model parameter values can be determined by simply determining the moisture content of the ear. In this paper, the EP model was established and the high-precision simulation and analysis of the process of bonding force variation between corn kernel and cob is realized on the self-developed AgriDEM software. At the meantime, the optimal values of the threshing component rotation speed under different conditions of moisture content of corn ear were obtained by establishing an optimization model of threshing component rotation speed. The test results showed that the corn ear threshing rate could reach more than 92.40% after adopting the optimized speed value of the threshing component in this paper. Meanwhile, the test results showed that the discrete element simulation results based on the EP model did not significantly differ from the measured results of the thresher. Compared with the most widely used LSD model, the EP model can reduce the computational error by 3.35% to 6.05%.
shinyReCoR: A Shiny Application for Automatically Coding Text Responses Using R
Authors: Andersen Nico , Zehner Fabian
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we introduce shinyReCoR: a new app that utilizes a cluster-based method for automatically coding open-ended text responses. Reliable coding of text responses from educational or psychological assessments requires substantial organizational and human effort. The coding of natural language in responses to tests depends on the texts’ complexity, corresponding coding guides, and the guides’ quality. Manual coding is thus not only expensive but also error-prone. With shinyReCoR, we provide a more efficient alternative. The use of natural language processing makes texts utilizable for statistical methods. shinyReCoR is a Shiny app deployed as an R-package that allows users with varying technical affinity to create automatic response classifiers through a graphical user interface based on annotated data. The present paper describes the underlying methodology, including machine learning, as well as peculiarities of the processing of language in the assessment context. The app guides users through the workflow with steps like text corpus compilation, semantic space building, preprocessing of the text data, and clustering. Users can adjust each step according to their needs. Finally, users are provided with an automatic response classifier, which can be evaluated and tested within the process.
Of Pride and Prejudice—A Cross-National Exploration of Atheists’ National Pride
Authors: Bechert Insa
Published: August 2021

This paper explores how atheism relates to national pride. Previous research reports the strong positive relationship between religiosity and national pride. Inversely, it can be assumed that atheists feel less national pride. Whether this assumption holds true and whether the perceived relevance of religiosity for values perceived as fundamental for national pride is a national-specific or a global phenomenon will be investigated here by examining attitudes towards atheists and assessing cross-nationally how proud atheists truly are of their countries. The data reveals cross-country differences in both respects. In highly religious countries, prejudice against atheists is pronounced, while atheists’ feelings of national pride indeed tend to be weaker. But what exactly predicts atheists’ feelings of national pride? For a Multilevel Analysis of this question, this article uses the ONBound database offering cumulated and harmonized data from international survey programs as well as linked country-level data on national identities and religion. Results identify countries’ ideological background as one of the crucial country-level predictors for national pride among atheists. In highly religious countries, people who deny religion also seem to possess ambivalent feelings towards their country. In turn, if the state ideology opposes religion, atheists tend to support the combination of anti-religiousness and patriotism.
Lightweight Microcontroller with Parallelized ECC-Based Code Memory Protection Unit for Robust Instruction Execution in Smart Sensors
Authors: Kang Myeongjin , Park Daejin
Published: August 2021

Embedded systems typically operate in harsh environments, such as where there is external shock, insufficient power, or an obsolete sensor after the replacement cycle. Despite these harsh environments, embedded systems require data integrity for accurate operation. Unintended data changes can cause a serious error in reduced instruction set computer (RISC)-based small embedded systems. For instance, if communication is performed on an edge, where there is insufficient power supply, the peak threshold is not reached, resulting in data transmission failure or incorrect data transmission. To ensure data integrity, we use an error-correcting code (ECC), which can detect and correct errors. The ECC parity bit and data are stored together using additional ECC memory, and the original data are extracted through the ECC decoding process. The process of extracting the original data is executed in the instruction fetch stage, where a bottleneck appears in the RISC-based structure. When the ECC decoding process is executed in the bottleneck, the instruction fetch stage increases the instruction fetch time and significantly reduces the overall performance. In this study, we attempt to minimize the effect of ECC on the transmission speed by executing the ECC decoding process in parallel to improve speed by degrading the bottleneck. To evaluate the performance of a parallelized ECC decoding block, we applied the proposed method to the tiny processing unit (TPU) with a RISC-based von Neumann structure and compared memory usage, speed, and reliability according to different transmission success rates in each model. The experiment was conducted using a benchmark that repeatedly executed several 3*3 matrix calculations, and reliability improvement was compared by corrupting the stored random date to confirm the reliability of the transmission success rate. As a result, in the proposed model, using the additional parity bits for parallel processing, memory usage increased by 10 bits per instruction, reducing the data rate from 80 to 61%. However, it showed an improvement in overall reliability and a 7% increase in speed.
Influence of Atmosphere on Calibration of Radiation Thermometers
Authors: Mlačnik Vid , Pušnik Igor
Published: August 2021

Current process of calibrating radiation thermometers, including thermal imagers, relies on measurement comparison with the temperature of a black body at a set distance. Over time, errors have been detected in calibrations of some radiation thermometers, which were correlated with moisture levels. In this study, effects of atmospheric air on thermal transmission were evaluated by the means of simulations using best available resources of the corresponding datasets. Sources of spectral transmissivity of air were listed, and transmissivity data was obtained from the HITRAN molecular absorption database. Transmissivity data of molecular species was compiled for usual atmospheric composition, including naturally occurring isotopologs. Final influence of spectral transmissivity was evaluated for spectral sensitivities of radiation thermometers in use, and total transmissivity and expected errors were presented for variable humidity and measured temperature. Results reveal that spectral range of measurements greatly influences susceptibility of instruments to atmospheric interference. In particular, great influence on measurements is evident for the high-temperature radiation pyrometer in the spectral range of 2–2.7 µm, which is in use in our laboratory as a traceable reference for high-temperature calibrations. Regarding the calibration process, a requirement arose for matching the humidity parameters during the temperature reference transfer to the lower tiers in the chain of traceability. Narrowing of the permitted range of humidity during the calibration, monitoring, and listing of atmospheric parameters in calibration certificates is necessary, for at least this thermometer and possibly for other thermometers as well.
External Modulation Optical Coherent Domain Reflectometry with Long Measurement Range
Authors: Xue Yinghong , Niu Yueping , Gong Shangqing
Published: August 2021

Optical coherent domain reflectometry (OCDR) can achieve a high spatial resolution that is independent of the bandwidth of the receiver, but the measurement range is usually very limited. Here we propose an external modulation OCDR system, in which a pair of linear frequency-modulated pulses generated by one modulator are employed as the probe pulse and the reference, respectively. The spatial resolution is determined by the frequency modulation range of the pulse, and the measurement speed is boosted by orders because the proposed technology can simultaneously diagnose a section of fiber with each pair of pulses, while only a single point can be accessed at a time in typical OCDR. In the demonstrational experiment, a measurement range of up to 50 km is achieved with a spatial resolution of 1.4 m and a measuring time of less than 30 s.
Does Uncertainty Moderate the Relationship between Strategic Flexibility and Companies’ Performance? Evidence from Small and Medium Pharmaceutical Companies in Iran
Authors: Yousuf Allam , Lorestani Vahid Zeynvand , Oláh Judit , Felföldi János
Published: August 2021

The business environment has become complicated—full of risk and uncertainty over and above companies’ control— therefore companies must find mechanisms to enhance their performance in the light of this instability. The Iranian market is one of the best examples of unstable markets because of its political and economic circumstances; despite this, the pharmaceutical industry in Iran is considered one of the best industries, which is still working efficiently. The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of strategic flexibility on the performance of Iranian SME pharmaceutical companies, by considering the effect of environmental uncertainty as a moderator. The study is a cross-sectional one. Primary data was collected from 113 companies by using an adopted questionnaire. The questionnaires were forwarded to managers at these companies, a purposive (selective) sampling technique was used to collect the data, and the total number of responses that were valid for statistical analysis was 228. The response rate was 67.25%. The results showed that strategic flexibility positively affects companies’ performance. Supply and demand uncertainty moderate the relationship between strategic flexibility and companies’ performance.
Reading Urban Green Morphology to Enhance Urban Resilience: A Case Study of Six Southern European Cities
Authors: Pezzagno Michèle , Frigione Barbara M. , Ferreira Carla S. S.
Published: August 2021

A loss of natural capital within cities and their surrounding areas has been noticed over the last decades. Increasing development associated with higher sealing rates has caused a general loss of Urban Green Spaces (UGS) within the urban environment, whereas urban sprawl and the improvement of road networks have deeply fragmented the surrounding landscape and jeopardized ecosystems connectivity. UGS are an essential component of the urban system, and their loss has a greater impact on, e.g., ecological and hydrological processes, threatening human well-being. Different types and spatial configurations of UGS may affect their own ability to provide ecosystem services, such as biodiversity support and water regulation. Nevertheless, the study of UGS spatial patterns is a research branch poorly addressed. Moreover, UGS analyses are mainly focused on public and vast green spaces, but seldom on informal, private, and interstitial ones, returning a myopic representation of urban green areas. Therefore, this study investigates the UGS spatial patterns within six Southern European cities, using the urban morphology analysis to assess all urban vegetated lands. Results revealed three main Urban Green Spatial Patterns (UGSPs): Fragmented, Compact, and Linear Distributions. UGSPs taxonomy represents a novelty in the urban morphology field and may have important implications for the ability to provide ecosystem services and, thus, human well-being.
Review of Supply Chain Based Embodied Carbon Estimating Method: A Case Study Based Analysis
Authors: Rodrigo Muhandiramge Nimashi Navodana , Perera Srinath , Senaratne Sepani , Jin Xiaohua
Published: August 2021

Carbon estimating plays a vital role in the construction industry. The current focus on introducing zero-carbon construction projects reduces operational carbon, at the expense of Embodied Carbon (EC). However, it is important to reduce overall net carbon emissions. There are various methods to estimate carbon, but the accuracy of these estimates is questionable. This paper reviews a novel methodology, the Supply Chain based Embodied carbon Estimating Method (SCEEM), which was introduced recently to accurately estimate EC in construction supply chains. SCEEM is compared against existing EC estimating methods (Blackbook and eToolLCD) using a case study approach. It is also supplemented with a comprehensive literature review of existing EC methods. The EC values calculated using Blackbook and eToolLCD were mostly higher than SCEEM. Since SCEEM uses actual site data and considers first principles-based value addition method to estimate EC, it is considered accurate. The cross-case analysis revealed that SCEEM provided consistent results. Hence, SCEEM is recommended to accurately estimate EC of any type of project.
An Ensemble 3D Convolutional Neural Network for Spatiotemporal Soil Temperature Forecasting
Authors: Yu Fanhua , Hao Huibowen , Li Qingliang
Published: August 2021

Soil temperature (ST) plays an important role in agriculture and other fields, and has a close relationship with plant growth and development. Therefore, accurate ST prediction methods are widely needed. Deep learning (DL) models have been widely applied for ST prediction. However, the traditional DL models may fail to capture the spatiotemporal relationship due to its complex dependency under different related hydrologic variables. Hence, the DL models with Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) are proposed in this study. The proposed models can capture more complex spatiotemporal relationship after decomposing the ST into different intrinsic mode functions. Therefore, the performance of models is further improved. The results show that the performance of DL models with EEMD are better than that of corresponding DL models without EEMD. Moreover, EEMD-Conv3d has the best performance among all the experimental models. It has the highest R2 ranging from 0.9826 to 0.9893, the lowest RMSE ranging from 1.3096 to 1.6497 and the lowest MAE ranging from 0.9656 to 1.2056 in predicting ST at the lead time from one to five days. In addition, the lines between predicted ST and observed ST are closer to the ideal line (y = x) than other DL models. The results show that our EEMD-Conv3D can better capture spatiotemporal correlation and is an applicable method for predicting spatiotemporal ST.
The Construction of Placeness in Traditional Handicraft Heritage Sites: A Case Study of Suzhou Embroidery
Authors: Zhang Xiyue , Li Yajuan , Lin Jing , Ye Yanjun
Published: August 2021

Traditional handicrafts are rooted in the idea of the place, and their revival can trigger a construction of place in terms of physical buildings and cultural ambience. This study focuses on traditional Suzhou embroidery and analyses the effect of its revival on the construction of placeness and sustainable development within its specific social context. The results showed that (1) reviving traditional handicrafts triggers changes to local public spaces, the reshaping of local architecture, and the development of a cultural landscape; (2) The revival of the handicraft in terms of local activities is reflected in increased efficiency and creativity and in the stable inheritance of skills. The traditional farming lifestyle of Zhenhu has been transformed, leading to better quality of life and social networks; (3) The revival of Suzhou embroidery has updated the place through renovating its image. The local residents’ awareness of the benefits of their handicrafts has also increased, and their increased dependence on place will strengthen their belongingness and attachment to it. These local changes exert positive impact on the realization of sustainable goals by boosting decent work and economic growth, ensuring environmental sustainability, building sustainable cities and communities, and enhancing community stability and cultural diversity. Thus, the revival of handicrafts can guide a place to refocus on local economic growth and cultural development towards sustainable development, bringing about an organic inheritance of its history and the reinforcement of placeness.
Hydrogen Economy Development Opportunities by Inter-Organizational Digital Knowledge Networks
Authors: Csedő Zoltán , Zavarkó Máté , Vaszkun Balázs , Koczkás Sára
Published: August 2021

Innovative power-to-X (P2X) technologies, as a set of emerging new solutions, could play a crucial role in creating sustainable, carbon-neutral economies, such as the hydrogen economy. These technologies, however, are generally not yet implemented on a commercial scale. This research focuses on how innovative, digital inter-organizational knowledge networks of industry representatives and universities could contribute to the commercial implementation of P2X technologies and increase the pace of sustainable hydrogen-based development. The findings of an extended case study with a hybrid (qualitative–quantitative) methodology and a five-year time horizon, suggest the need for a digital knowledge platform, where universities and industry representatives add and combine their knowledge. In contrast with expectations, however, the empirical results show that academia would, not only be capable of supporting the exploration of new solutions, but foster the exploitation of more mature technologies as well. Similarly, large energy companies could also drive exploratory activities, not only exploitative ones. The findings highlight the possible central role of the “system builder” actor, who integrates exploitative-explorative learning and facilitates the formation of a (digital) innovation ecosystem. By exceeding the dominant techno-economic and environmental aspects, this research contributes to the literature by highlighting the applicability of network-based innovation management theory for hydrogen economy research.
Community Support or Funding Amount: Actual Contribution of Reward-Based Crowdfunding to Market Success of Video Game Projects on Kickstarter
Authors: Aygoren Oguzhan , Koch Stefan
Published: August 2021

The research provides empirical evidence differentiating between market success and funding success in reward-based crowdfunding campaigns of video games and hypothesizes that the actual contribution of crowdfunding is more stemming from community support and feedback rather than funding amount. The paper uses publicly available data by combining three different sources. Project data from Kickstarter, a large crowdfunding website, in the video game category are extracted and matched with market success variables of ratings and revenues from two other public sources namely Metacritic and Steamspy. Regression results indicate that once the project is successfully funded, the funding amount does not have a significant effect on market success variables. On the other hand, the number of backers as a community support variable is a significant determinant of market success in terms of higher revenues and ratings for a project. Whether the project was successfully funded or not moderates some of the relationships. Prior literature is predominantly focused on crowdfunding success in terms of financing. Yet, this study empirically demonstrates that funding does not necessarily indicate that projects will be successful in the market and further shows the actual contribution of crowdfunding to the market success of video game projects is the community engagement, not the funding amount. This study contributes to the rapidly emerging crowdfunding literature by extending its boundaries from the crowdfunding platforms themselves to the differentiated effects of crowdfunding on market success, which has not been studied thoroughly. This paper provides a new avenue of research by suggesting not solely focusing on funding outcomes but understanding, defining and explaining the dynamics of the community aspect in crowdfunding platforms with their repercussions on market success. Future work can also highlight potential differences in these effects between product groups, as well as more holistically assess market success and capture interactions within the community on crowdfunding platforms.
Proposal and Implementation of a Heliport Pavement Management System: Technical and Economic Comparison of Maintenance Strategies
Authors: Di Mascio Paola , Antonini Alessio , Narciso Piero , Greto Antonio , Cipriani Marco , Moretti Laura
Published: August 2021

Maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) scheduling for airport pavement is supported by the scientific literature, while a specific tool for heliport pavements lacks. A heliport pavement management system (HPMS) allows the infrastructure manager to obtain benefits in technical and economic terms, as well as safety and efficiency, during the analyzed period. Structure and rationale of the APSM could be replicated and simplified to implement a HPMS because movements of rotary-wing aircrafts have less complexity than fixed-wing ones and have lower mechanical effects on the pavement. In this study, an innovative pavement condition index-based HPMS has been proposed and implemented to rigid and flexible surfaces of the airport of Vergiate (province of Varese, Italy), and two twenty-year M&R plans have been developed, where the results from reactive and proactive approaches have been compared to identify the best strategy in terms of costs and pavement level of service. The result obtained shows that although the loads and traffic of rotary-wing aircrafts are limited, the adoption of PMS is also necessary in the heliport environment.
Factors Affecting the Growth of E-Shopping over the COVID-19 Era in Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Minh Hieu , Armoogum Jimmy , Nguyen Thi Binh
Published: August 2021

In response to insufficient understanding of the determinants of change in e-shopping behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in developing countries, this paper used the data from 355 respondents, collected in Hanoi during the social distancing period (April 2020), to explore the factors associated with shopping online more frequently (i.e., representing the growth of e-shopping) for five product types (food, medical products, clothing, electronics, and books) in Hanoi, Vietnam. The results showed that nearly 80% of the respondents engaged in e-shopping more frequently than they did before the outbreak of COVID-19. As regards shopping online more frequently in general (i.e., for at least one product type), females were more likely to do so. In-store shopping enjoyment and a decrease in income were a facilitator and a deterrent, respectively. Regarding specific product types, completely working from home had a positive association with more frequent e-purchasing for electronics. Fear of disease encouraged higher frequencies of e-shopping for food and medical products. Notably, the shortage of physical supply was not a determinant of buying any product type online more frequently. As for the implications of our findings, supporting and encouraging low-income shoppers, older persons, and females to engage in e-shopping is necessary to limit the detrimental effects of the pandemic on their lives. The growth of internet purchasing expresses a need to manage the development of urban delivery services, to limit the uncontrolled proliferation of motorcycles. E-shopping requires delivery to complete the online-to-offline process; therefore, protecting the health of delivery drivers to ensure the safety of the whole online shopping process would be necessary.
Using of Intraoperative Cell Salvage and Tranexamic Acid as Protective Factor for Postoperative Anemia Appearance in Patients with Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Matić Svetislav , Vuković Mira , Vukićević Aleksandar
Published: August 2021

(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate intraoperative pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods and techniques in reducing blood loss in patients following total hip or knee arthroplasty. (2) Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in patients undergoing TKA or THA surgery, electively performed at the General Hospital Valjevo, Valjevo, Serbia, in 2014 when the principles of patient blood management (PBM) were not applied at all or in part, and in 2019 when PBM principles were applied as standard. (3) Results: This study includes 197 patients, of whom 83.8% developed postoperative anemia (PA defined by haemoglobin < 12 g/dL in both sexes). Using multivariate logistic regression and ROC curve analysis, it was shown that the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) with intraoperative cell salvage (ICS) in patients without preoperative anemia reduced the incidence of PA (odds ratio = 0.081). (4) Conclusions: Preoperative diagnosis and treatment of anemia are necessary in orthopedic patients since the use of TXA with ICS strongly reduces PA in patients without preoperative anemia.
StyleGANs and Transfer Learning for Generating Synthetic Images in Industrial Applications
Authors: Achicanoy Harold , Chaves Deisy , Trujillo Maria
Published: August 2021

Deep learning applications on computer vision involve the use of large-volume and representative data to obtain state-of-the-art results due to the massive number of parameters to optimise in deep models. However, data are limited with asymmetric distributions in industrial applications due to rare cases, legal restrictions, and high image-acquisition costs. Data augmentation based on deep learning generative adversarial networks, such as StyleGAN, has arisen as a way to create training data with symmetric distributions that may improve the generalisation capability of built models. StyleGAN generates highly realistic images in a variety of domains as a data augmentation strategy but requires a large amount of data to build image generators. Thus, transfer learning in conjunction with generative models are used to build models with small datasets. However, there are no reports on the impact of pre-trained generative models, using transfer learning. In this paper, we evaluate a StyleGAN generative model with transfer learning on different application domains—training with paintings, portraits, Pokémon, bedrooms, and cats—to generate target images with different levels of content variability: bean seeds (low variability), faces of subjects between 5 and 19 years old (medium variability), and charcoal (high variability). We used the first version of StyleGAN due to the large number of publicly available pre-trained models. The Fréchet Inception Distance was used for evaluating the quality of synthetic images. We found that StyleGAN with transfer learning produced good quality images, being an alternative for generating realistic synthetic images in the evaluated domains.
Nonlinear Dynamics and Motion Bifurcations of the Rotor Active Magnetic Bearings System with a New Control Scheme and Rub-Impact Force
Authors: Saeed Nasser A. , Mahrous Emad , Abouel Nasr Emad , Awrejcewicz Jan
Published: August 2021

This article is dedicated to investigating the nonlinear dynamical behaviors of the 8-pole rotor active magnetic bearing system. The rub and impact forces between the rotating disc and the pole-legs are included in the studied model for the first time. A new control scheme based on modifying the 8-pole positions has been introduced. The proposed control methodology is designed such that four poles only are located in the horizontal and vertical directions (i.e., in +X,+Y,−X,−Y directions), while the other four poles are inserted in a way such that each pole makes 45° with two of the axes +X,+Y,−X,−Y. The control currents in the horizontal and vertical poles are suggested to be proportional to both the velocity and displacement of the rotor in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, while the control currents in the inclined poles are proposed to be dependent on the combination of both the displacement and velocity of the rotor in the horizontal and vertical directions. Accordingly, the whole-system mathematical model is derived. The derived discontinuous dynamical system is analyzed employing perturbation methods, Poincare maps, bifurcation diagrams, whirling orbits, and frequency spectrum. The obtained results demonstrated that the controller proportional control gain can play a significant role in changing the vibratory behaviors of the system, where the proposed control method can behave either as a cartesian control strategy or as a radial control one depending on the magnitude of the proportional gain. In addition, it is found that the rotor system can vibrate with periodic, periodic-n, quasiperiodic, or chaotic motion when the rub and/or impact forces occur. Moreover, it is reported for the first time that the rotor-AMB can oscillate symmetrically in X and Y directions either in full annular rub mode or quasiperiodic partial rub mode depending on the impact stiffness coefficient and the dynamic friction coefficient.
Endotracheal Tubes Design: The Role of Tube Bending
Authors: Dbouk Talib , Drikakis Dimitris
Published: August 2021

Endotracheal tubes (ETT) passed inside the human trachea witness tube bending at different angles, affecting the local fluid flow dynamics. This induces a variable mechanical ventilation performance across patients’ comfortability levels. Our understanding of the local fluid flow dynamics phenomena is thus crucial to enhance the maneuverability of ETT under operation. For the first time to our knowledge, we shed light on ETT through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate the bending effect of ETT on the local airflow in volume-controlled mechanical ventilation. We considered an ETT with 180° arc bend configuration, including Murphy’s eye. We identified several flow phenomena associated with the bending, such as flow asymmetries, secondary flows, and vortex dynamics throughout the tube.
Scale Drop Disease Virus Associated Yellowfin Seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) Ascites Diseases, Zhuhai, Guangdong, Southern China: The First Description
Authors: Fu Yuting , Li Yong , Fu Weixuan , Su Huibing , Zhang Long , Huang Congling , Weng Shaoping , Yu Fangzhao , He Jianguo , Dong Chuanfu
Published: August 2021

Scale drop disease virus (SDDV), an emerging piscine iridovirus prevalent in farmed Asian seabass Lates calcarifer in Southeast Asia, was firstly scientifically descripted in Singapore in 2015. Here, an SDDV isolate ZH-06/20 was isolated by inoculating filtered ascites from diseased juvenile yellowfin seabream into MFF-1 cell. Advanced cytopathic effects were observed 6 days post-inoculation. A transmission electron microscopy examination confirmed that numerous virion particles, about 140 nm in diameter, were observed in infected MFF-1 cell. ZH-06/20 was further purified and both whole genome and virion proteome were determined. The results showed that ZH-06/20 was composed of 131,122 bp with 135 putative viral proteins and 113 of them were further detected by virion proteome. Western blot analysis showed that no (or weak) cross-reaction was observed among several major viral proteins between ZH-06/20 and ISKNV-like megalocytivirus. An artificial challenge showed that ZH-06/20 could cause 100% death to juvenile yellowfin seabream. A typical sign was characterized by severe ascites, but not scale drop, which was considerably different from SDD syndrome in Asian seabass. Collectively, SDDV was confirmed, for the first time, as the causative agent of ascites diseases in farmed yellowfin seabream. Our study offers useful information to better understanding SDDV-associated diseases in farmed fish.
Motor Skills: Recruitment of Kinesins, Myosins and Dynein during Assembly and Egress of Alphaherpesviruses
Authors: Wilson Duncan W.
Published: August 2021

The alphaherpesviruses are pathogens of the mammalian nervous system. Initial infection is commonly at mucosal epithelia, followed by spread to, and establishment of latency in, the peripheral nervous system. During productive infection, viral gene expression, replication of the dsDNA genome, capsid assembly and genome packaging take place in the infected cell nucleus, after which mature nucleocapsids emerge into the cytoplasm. Capsids must then travel to their site of envelopment at cytoplasmic organelles, and enveloped virions need to reach the cell surface for release and spread. Transport at each of these steps requires movement of alphaherpesvirus particles through a crowded and viscous cytoplasm, and for distances ranging from several microns in epithelial cells, to millimeters or even meters during egress from neurons. To solve this challenging problem alphaherpesviruses, and their assembly intermediates, exploit microtubule- and actin-dependent cellular motors. This review focuses upon the mechanisms used by alphaherpesviruses to recruit kinesin, myosin and dynein motors during assembly and egress.
Problems and prospects of the commodity science development
Authors: Krishtafovich V.I.
Published: August 2021

The article deals with the issues of the quality of goods sold in the modern market, as well as the problems of educational institutions that train commodity experts and the prospects for the development of commodity science itself.
Jam based on sugar substitutes
Authors: Voloshko A.M.
Published: August 2021

The article discusses the development of dietary products, namely sugar-free jam. The production process of jam with sugar substitute is presented. In addition, the necessary ingredients have been selected and the most suitable sweetener has been identified, its properties are touched upon, its positive and negative characteristics are examined. This paper will consider the technological process of jam production based on a sugar substitute, a wide variety of sweeteners that can be used in production, and other components that act as an auxiliary part in the recipe.
Quality control of fermentation kvass based on QFD method
Authors: Ignatenko B.V. , Eliseev M.N. , Belkin Yu.B. , Nikolaeva M.A.
Published: August 2021

The article discusses the possibility of monitoring and predicting the quality level of the new fermentation kvass “Plekhanovsky” using the QFD (Quality Function Deployment) method, which allows gradually transforming consumer expectations into technological aspects of production.
Current trends in the development of isotonic drinks for athletes
Authors: Podgornova N.M. , Zainutdinova A.R.
Published: August 2021

The article reflects the importance of isotonic drinks to maintain optimal fluid balance and replace the loss of electrolytes in the body of athletes. Consumer preferences are studied, and a comparative analysis of some isotonic drinks is presented. It has been established that the majority of isotonic agents have artificial colors, preservatives, and high sucrose content, the excessive use of which leads to the formation of various kinds of diseases.
How the potential audience of museums perceives art: results of a segmentation study of aesthetic preferences
Authors: Kartseva E.A. , Shutova A.I.
Published: August 2021

The increase, diversification and complexity of the museum audience in recent years has become the reason for the development of deeper and more targeted approaches to its study based on interdisciplinary research. The article analyzes the aesthetic preferences of the potential audience of exhibition projects according to the results of sociological segmentation based on a quantitative survey conducted in January 2020 on the mail.ru platform on the social network in VKontakte (audience coverage 73.4 million in 2020) with a sample of 1905 people. The filling of the questionnaire and data analysis were carried out by the authors using an art history approach, and the research methodology and statistical data analysis were prepared on the basis of sociological and marketing approaches. The assimilation of sociology and marketing tools by cultural institutions is interpreted by the authors optimistically, as an opportunity to oppose the negative aspects of the commercialization of art, to form a community of active supporters of cultural institutions, increase knowledge about their preferences, increase efficiency and reduce costs for promoting exhibition projects. The study also resulted in recommendations for marketing and PR promotion of exhibitions for a more accurate audience coverage and better satisfaction of the aesthetic needs of visitors. Accompanying information in the form of leaflets, audio guides, visuals should be offered in the format preferred by the largest segment of the audience. Curators can refer to research results and shape the exposition, taking them into account, but without losing professional quality. Data analysis was carried out using the methodologist of the Foreitor research company, Yu.R. Wolfson.
The development of agricultural business by women in the regions of Russia
Authors: Ustinovich Elena Stepanovna
Published: August 2021

Modern agriculture in the Russian Federation is characterized by the growth of entrepreneurial initiative on the part of women. In recent years, more and more Russian women have been focusing on using their entrepreneurial skills in the agro-industrial complex, agriculture, and agribusiness. Obviously, this state of affairs is due, first of all, to measures of state support for the industry by the government: grant support and the allocation of a number of subsidies in all areas of modern agribusiness. The study of regional characteristics of women's entrepreneurship in agriculture is of scientific interest. In this connection, the object of this study was the Kursk Region.
Cash flow as a key indicator of production and personal financial activity
Authors: Boyko Ekaterina Olegovna
Published: August 2021

Cash flow is an indicator showing the difference between income and expenses for a certain period. Cash flow takes into account the activities from investment, business, employment, charity and other monetary activities, as well as one’s costs, mandatory and optional, and other expenses. Such designation as «cash flow» is used both in business and in private. Cash flow determines solvency, plans for the future, past expenses and even possible bankruptcy. Why is cash flow a key indicator of financial performance?
Investigation of the effects of Pine and Chestnut Honey on wound healing
Authors: SEVİN Sedat , YARSAN Ender
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effect of creams containing pine and chestnut honey on wound healing in rats. The animals were divided into the following four groups: a control group (A), a group treated with only basic cream ingredients (B), a group treated with pine honey cream (C), and a group treated with chestnut honey cream (D). Full-thickness skin wounds were created on the back of each rat (14 per group) with a 10-mm diameter punch instrument. In each group, skin samples were taken from seven rats on day 7 and from the remaining seven rats on day 14. The effects of the creams on wound healing were assessed by histopathological examination and hydroxyproline assays. The histopathological examination showed that chronic inflammation significantly decreased in group D compared to the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the levels of granulation tissue and granulation tissue/fibroblast maturation in skin samples taken on day 14 were also significantly lower in group D compared to the control group (P<0.05). It was observed that the neovascularization values of skin samples taken on day 7 were lower in group D than in the control group (P<0.05). Also, the difference in hydroxyproline levels between groups B and D was statistically significant (P<0.05). The results showed that the cream containing chestnut honey had a positive effect on wound healing.
Exploring Strategic Opportunities for Better Learning. Student Concerns at a Private University
Authors: Ortega Carrillo Miguel Agustín
Published: August 2021

This work documents the first actions that have been carried out to generate organizational strategies aimed at achieving a better learning experience among university students. As a result of the confinement conditions imposed by the pandemic since 2020, it is estimated that eventually a hybrid education system will be reached where remote and face-to-face formats are combined. Anticipating which are the best practices that can be developed in each modality, a study was carried out among several students of a Mexican Higher Education Institution where the concerns they have about their learning experience were explored. This is a mixed investigation, where, based on the results of a survey among a non-probabilistic population sample, a strategic analysis of organizational opportunities was carried out for its application in a specific university space. The discussion section offers some of the conclusions obtained, as well as concrete actions that are being evaluated in pilot tests with students from a private university.
Supportive Group Therapy untuk Menurunkan Kecemasan Ibu Hamil di Wilayah Puskesmas Srandakan
Authors: Lanjarto Fahrunnisa , Indah Fitriana Raras
Published: August 2021

Pregnancy is time when a person experiences many changes, both physically and psychologically, making them more vulnerable to stress. This case happens because pregnant women experience hormonal changes that affect psychological and physical conditions during the pregnancy process. This study aims to determine the effect of group therapy using supportive techniques coupled with the provision of information needed to reduce anxiety in pregnant women. The data collection methods used in this study were observation, interviews, Focused Group Discussion (FGD), as well as pre-test and post-test using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The research design using quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test without control, the sample in the study consisted of 7 pregnant women who had mild to severe anxiety levels. The results of data analysis using non-parametric test with the Wilcoxon test showed a value of z = 2.731 and a value of p = 0.018 (p <0.05). The results showed a significant decrease in anxiety scores before and after following the group therapy process. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there is an effect of supportive group therapy on pregnant women at the Srandakan Public Health Center.
Teknik Relaksasi untuk Menurunkan Kecemasan Pada Ibu Hamil di Wilayah Puskesmas Pakualaman
Authors: Shinta Adella  , Purnamasari Alfi
Published: August 2021

The purpose of group therapy conducted in this research was to determine the effect of relaxation technique to reduce anxiety in pregnant women within the working area of Pakualaman Community Health Center. The research subjects consisted of seven pregnant women who experienced anxiety disorder in the moderate category. The methods for data collection were observation, interview, and focus group discussion, as well as a pre-test using a pregnancy anxiety scale with the results of Cronbach a = 0.896 at 28 items and reliability of 0.896. Data analysis techniques were carried out qualitatively based on the results of the therapy process and quantitatively by conducting a post-test. The research results revealed a decrease in anxiety, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The qualitative results showed that the research subjects were able to feel more positive, calmer, and more comfortable during their pregnancy and being optimistic when they were about to face the delivery process, which affected the perceived behavior such as reduced dizziness and comfortable sleep. Meanwhile, the quantitative results showed a decrease in score and the level of anxiety experienced by the research subjects between before and after participating in the group therapy process with the value of z = -2.366 with a significance of p = 0.018 (p <0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that group therapy with relaxation technique could reduce anxiety in pregnant women within the working area of Pakualaman Community Health Center.
Consumer Preference for Product Categories Sold Online and Offline
Authors: Sari Nita Wanda
Published: August 2021

The research purpose determines that consumers preferences for online and offline shopping at different shopping experience and determine products which choose consumers for online and offline shopping at different shopping experience. The research uses qualitative descriptive analysis obtained from the result of questionnaire through interviews with the respondent based on categories of some profession who have done shopping online or offline in Medan City. The finding of the research shows Mean Ratings of the people choose the shopping attributes such as Enjoy Shopping, Shop Quickly, Large Selection and Best Price by online shopping while the shopping attributes such as See-Touch Handle, Personal Service, Speedy Delivery and No-hassle Exchange by offline shopping. The products such as Airlines Tickets, Clothes, Elektronics Products, Health and Grooming, and other products (Shoes, Bags, Scarfs, Wallets, Accessories, Foods, Movie Vouchers and Underwear) consumers choose by online shopping. In the other hand, the people choose offline shop the products such as Books, CDs, Computer Software and Sporting Goods. The correlation value is 0.937 for the search stages and purchase stages, it means thathas the significant correlation value when the consumers choose the online and offline shopping with value of signification 0.01.