bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WHAT THE F*CK, SPOTIFY?
Authors: Sá Simone  Pereira de , Luccas Régis Wendel Rabelo
Published: May 2023

Partindo da análise das manifestações de insatisfação de usuários do Spotify no Twitter com o resultado da Retrospectiva de 2019, pretende-se investigar como a atuação dos algoritmos nas plataformas de streaming de música pode agenciar a prática sonora dos ouvintes, tendo o gosto musical como um dos principais marcadores da fruição musical no ambiente digital. O artigo promove um resgate do conceito de performance de gosto e busca repensá-lo a partir das dinâmicas que compõem os estudos de plataforma, questionando em que medida a atuação do não humano é passível de falhas e rupturas que ocasionam tensionamentos entre os resultados da plataforma e a coerência expressiva que o usuário busca construir em direção às suas preferências musicais.
Cost-Effectiveness of a Polypill for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in an Underserved Population
Authors: Kohli-Lynch Ciaran N. , Moran Andrew E. , Kazi Dhruv S. , Bibbins-Domingo Kirsten , Jordan Neil , French Dustin , Zhang Yiyi , Wang Thomas J. , Bellows Brandon K.
Published: January 2025

Importance

The Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS) Polypill Trial showed that a cardiovascular polypill (a single pill containing a statin and 3 half-standard dose antihypertensive medications) effectively controls cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in a majority Black race and low-income population. The cost-effectiveness of polypill treatment in this population has not been previously studied.

Objective

To determine the cost-effectiveness of the cardiovascular polypill.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A discrete-event simulation version of the well-established CVD policy model simulated clinical and economic outcomes of the SCCS Polypill Trial from a health care sector perspective. A time horizon of 10 years was adopted. Polypill treatment was priced at $463 per year in the base-case analysis. Model input data were derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, pooled longitudinal cohort studies, the SCCS Polypill Trial, and published literature. Two cohorts were analyzed: an SCCS Polypill Trial–representative cohort of 100 000 individuals and all trial-eligible non-Hispanic Black US adults. Study parameters and model inputs were varied extensively in 1-way and probabilistic sensitivity analysis.

Exposures

Polypill treatment or usual care.

Main Outcome and Measures

Primary outcomes were direct health care costs (US dollar 2023) and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), both discounted 3% annually, and the incremental cost per QALY gained.

Results

In the trial-representative cohort of 100 000 individuals (mean [SD] age, 56.9 [5.9] years; 61 807 female [61.8%]), polypill treatment was projected to yield a mean of 1190 (95% uncertainty interval, 287-2159) additional QALYs compared with usual care, at a cost of approximately $10 152 000. Hence, polypill treatment was estimated to cost $8560 per QALY gained compared with usual care and was high value (<$50 000 per QALY gained) in 99% of simulations. Polypill treatment was estimated to be high value when priced at $559 or less per year and cost saving when priced at $443 or less per year. In almost all sensitivity analyses, polypill treatment remained high value. In a secondary analysis of 3 602 427 trial-eligible non-Hispanic Black US adults (mean [SD] age, 55.4 [7.6] years; 2 006 597 female [55.7%]), polypill treatment was high value, with an estimated cost of $13 400 per QALY gained.

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this economic evaluation suggest that polypill treatment could be a high value intervention for a low-income, majority Black population with limited access to health care services. It could additionally reduce health disparities.
Artificial Intelligence and Dermatology
Authors: Wongvibulsin Shannon , Lee Ivy
Published: January 2025

This Patient Page describes ways that artificial intelligence can help treat skin, hair, and nails.
Carbon Footprint Analysis of an Outpatient Dermatology Practice at an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Silva Genevieve S. , Waegel Alex , Kepner Joshua , Evans Greg , Braham William , Rosenbach Misha
Published: January 2025

Importance

There is growing awareness of the US health sector’s substantial contribution to the country’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, exacerbating the health threats from climate change. Reducing health care’s environmental impact requires understanding its carbon emissions, but there are few published audits of health systems and fewer comprehensive emissions analyses at the clinic or department level.

Objective

To quantify the annual GHG emissions from a large outpatient dermatology practice, compare relative sources of emissions, and identify actionable targets.

Design and Setting

This quality improvement study involving a comprehensive carbon footprint analysis (scopes 1-3) of a large (nearly 30 000 visits/y), outpatient medical dermatology practice within the University of Pennsylvania’s academic medical complex was conducted following the GHG Protocol Corporate and Corporate Value Chain reporting standards for fiscal year 2022 (ie, July 2021 through June 2022). Data were obtained through energy metering, manual audits, electronic medical records, and administrative data.

Exposure

Data were converted into metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e), allowing comparison of global-warming potential of emitted GHGs.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Primary outcomes were tCO2e by scope 1 (direct emissions), scope 2 (indirect, purchased energy), and scope 3 (indirect, upstream/downstream sources), as well as by individual categories of emission sources within each scope.

Results

Scope 3 contributed most to the clinic’s carbon footprint, composing 165.5 tCO2e (51.1%), followed by scope 2 (149.9 tCO2e [46.3%]), and scope 1 (8.2 tCO2e [2.5%]). Within scope 3, the greatest contributor was overall purchased goods and services (120.3 tCO2e [72.7% of scope 3]), followed by patient travel to and from the clinic (14.2 tCO2e [8.6%]) and waste (13.1 tCO2e [7.9%]). Steam and chilled water were the largest contributors to scope 2. Clinic energy use intensity was 185.4 kBtu/sqft.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this quality improvement study, the composition of emissions at the clinic level reflects the importance of scope 3, paralleling the health sector overall. The lower-resource intensity of the clinic compared to the average energy requirements of the total clinical complex led to a relatively large contribution from scope 2. These findings support efforts to characterize high-yield emissions-reduction targets and allow for identification of actionable, clinic-level steps that may inform broader health system efforts.
Irritability and Social Media Use in US Adults
Authors: Perlis Roy H. , Uslu Ata , Schulman Jonathan , Gunning Faith M. , Santillana Mauricio , Baum Matthew A. , Druckman James N. , Ognyanova Katherine , Lazer David
Published: January 2025

Importance

Efforts to understand the complex association between social media use and mental health have focused on depression, with little investigation of other forms of negative affect, such as irritability and anxiety.

Objective

To characterize the association between self-reported use of individual social media platforms and irritability among US adults.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This survey study analyzed data from 2 waves of the COVID States Project, a nonprobability web-based survey conducted between November 2, 2023, and January 8, 2024, and applied multiple linear regression models to estimate associations with irritability. Survey respondents were aged 18 years and older.

Exposure

Self-reported social media use.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was score on the Brief Irritability Test (range, 5-30), with higher scores indicating greater irritability.

Results

Across the 2 survey waves, there were 42 597 unique participants, with mean (SD) age 46.0 (17.0) years; 24 919 (58.5%) identified as women, 17 222 (40.4%) as men, and 456 (1.1%) as nonbinary. In the full sample, 1216 (2.9%) identified as Asian American, 5939 (13.9%) as Black, 5322 (12.5%) as Hispanic, 624 (1.5%) as Native American, 515 (1.2%) as Pacific Islander, 28 354 (66.6%) as White, and 627 (1.5%) as other (ie, selecting the other option prompted the opportunity to provide a free-text self-description). In total, 33 325 (78.2%) of the survey respondents reported daily use of at least 1 social media platform, including 6037 (14.2%) using once a day, 16 678 (39.2%) using multiple times a day, and 10 610 (24.9%) using most of the day. Frequent use of social media was associated with significantly greater irritability in univariate regression models (for more than once a day vs never, 1.43 points [95% CI, 1.22-1.63 points]; for most of the day vs never, 3.37 points [95% CI, 3.15-3.60 points]) and adjusted models (for more than once a day, 0.38 points [95% CI, 0.18-0.58 points]; for most of the day, 1.55 points [95% CI, 1.32-1.78 points]). These associations persisted after incorporating measures of political engagement.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this survey study of 42 597 US adults, irritability represented another correlate of social media use that merits further characterization, in light of known associations with depression and suicidality.
Practical Guide to Artificial Intelligence, Chatbots, and Large Language Models in Conducting and Reporting Research
Authors: Loftus Tyler J. , Haider Adil , Upchurch Gilbert R.
Published: January 2025

This Guide to Statistics and Methods provides an overview of the limitations and opportunities in applying large language models in such tasks as extracting surgical risk factors from clinical notes, learning from text inputs for decision support, and serving as educational tools.
Extreme Fast Charging and Stable Cycling of Lithium Manganese Oxide Batteries by Suppression of Cathode Phase Changes
Authors: Roy Binayak , Pal Urbi , Simondson Darcy , Nguyen Cuong , Kerr Brittany V. , Hocking Rosalie K. , Al‐Masri Danah , Howlett Patrick C. , Forsyth Maria , Kar Mega , MacFarlane Douglas R.
Published: January 2025

Extreme fast charging (XFC, i.e., 80% state of charge within 15 min, 4C rate) remains a high‐desirability criterion for next‐generation lithium batteries. While the anodes, such as, graphite and lithium are historically acknowledged as the critical hurdles toward XFC of Li‐ion batteries, the stability of cathodes under such sustained high rate cycling has not been addressed in literature. In this work, for the first time, the XFC and 4C cycling of cobalt‐free LiMn2O4 (LMO) batteries with practical areal capacity (1 mAh cm−2) are investigated. This work demonstrates that the high rate cycling of LMO brings forth a cascade of irreversible phase changes in the bulk of the cathode, which initiates the electrolyte degradation. The electrolyte degradation and cathode irreversibility play a compounding role in the capacity loss during cycling, even with high‐rate compatible anodes, e.g., Li4Ti5O12 (LTO). This capacity loss is overcome by combining a micro‐structured LMO cathode and a novel electrolyte containing a novel lithium salt, lithium 1,1,1,3,3,3 (tetrakis) hexafluoroisopropoxy borate. Cycling of the LMO|LTO cells shows 98 mAh g−1 initial discharge capacity at 4C‐4D cycling and 91% capacity retention after 1500 cycles while charging to 90% of total capacity in 10 min.
Synthetic Aspects and Characterization Needs in MOF Chemistry – from Discovery to Applications
Authors: Achenbach Bastian , Yurdusen Aysu , Stock Norbert , Maurin Guillaume , Serre Christian
Published: January 2025

Even if MOFs are recently developed for large‐scale applications, the road to applications of MOFs is long and rocky. This requires to overcome challenges associated with phase discovery, synthesis optimization, basic and advanced characterization, and computational studies. Lab‐scale results need to be transferred to large‐scale processes, which is often not trivial, and life‐cycle analyses and techno‐economic analyses need to be performed to realistically assess their potential for industrial relevance. Based on the experience in the field of stable, functional MOFs combining advanced synthesis, characterization, and modeling, this mini‐review gives recommendations especially for non‐specialists, for example, from chemical engineers to medical doctors, to accelerate and facilitate knowledge transfer which will ultimately lead to the application of MOFs. The recommendations will include the reporting of synthesis and characterization data as well as standardization and detailed information required for the application of data mining and machine learning techniques, which are increasingly used to accelerate the discovery of new materials and data analysis. Once a suitable MOF is identified and its key properties determined, translational studies shall finally be carried out in collaboration with end‐users to validate performance under real conditions and allow understanding of the processes involved.
Efficient Time‐dependent Dual‐Model Room Temperature Phosphorescent Carbon Quantum Dots/ Boron Nitride Carbide Oxide Matrices
Authors: Li Weihua , Liu Guiju , Lin Jishuai , Wang Xiaohan , Zhao Haiguang
Published: January 2025

Room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have broad applications in the field of optical devices due to tunable wavelengths and lifetimes. However, creating efficient RTP materials that possess multiple optical properties remains a challenge. Herein, a novel approach is developed to in situ form carbon quantum dots (C‐dots) embedded in boron nitride carbide oxide (B‐N‐C‐O) matrices by introducing nitrogen, phosphorus, and boron dopants into C‐dots (P/B/N doped C‐dots), enabling dual RTP emissions and time‐dependent afterglow. P/B/N doped C‐dots are synthesized by a vacuum‐assisted gradient heating approach using ethylenediamine, phosphoric acid, and boric acid as precursors with a yield of 20 g per batch. The introduction of P/B/N dopants provided multiple triplet states, which enable the C‐dots to have dual RTP emissions and, a long phosphorescent lifetime ranging from 0.98 to 1.30 s. The in situ formation of matrices surrounding the C‐dots enables ultrahigh quantum yield of up to 50%, surpassing the most recently reported RTP C‐dots. To demonstrate the potential applications of the RTP C‐dots, they are used as anti‐counterfeiting ink and phosphorescent dyes for security codes and phosphorescent polyester yarn, showing their suitability for high‐level security applications. This work provides an effective route for large‐scale synthesis of highly efficient RTP materials and preparation of high‐performance optical devices.
Alternative Formulations of Job Strain and Sleep Disturbances: A Longitudinal Study in the United States
Authors: Sun Yijia , Guardiano Megan , Saiki Mayumi , Li Jian
Published: January 2025

Background

Sleep disturbances are a major public health concern in the United States, leading to adverse health outcomes. In the working population, job strain has been identified as an important risk factor for sleep disturbances, but evidence from the United States remained limited. This study aimed to examine longitudinal associations between job strain and sleep disturbances in the United States, with a focus on the alternative formulations of job strain.

Methods

A total of 1721 participants were drawn from two waves of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study, with an average 9‐year follow‐up period. Job strain was measured using Karasek's Job‐Demand‐Control model and operationalized in six formulations: standard quadrant, simplified quadrant, linear, quotient, logarithm quotient, and quartile based on quotient. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to estimate longitudinal associations of alternative formulations of job strain at baseline with sleep disturbances across follow‐up. Corrected Quasi‐likelihood Information Criterion (QICu) was used to assess the goodness of fit.

Results

All approaches showed that higher job strain at baseline was significantly associated with an increase in sleep disturbances across follow‐up. QICu scores indicated that continuous Demand‐Control formulations (linear, quotient, logarithm quotient) had better model performance of 4602.66, 4604.28, and 4601.99, respectively. The logarithm quotient showed the best fit.

Conclusions

Our findings imply the importance of early workplace interventions in reducing job strain to improve sleep hygiene. They further show that the continuous formulations quantifying job strain were more consistent and robust, which provides suggestions for future workplace health research in the United States.
Synthesis of Tetraaryl Diazachrysenes by the Povarov Reaction and π Extension To Construct a Condensed Azaperylene Motif
Authors: Shan Yuanrong , Yasuda Takeshi , Kanbara Takaki , Kuwabara Junpei
Published: January 2025

Incorporating nitrogen into carbon‐based materials can significantly modify their electronic properties. A comprehensive understanding of the structural and physical characteristics of aza‐polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (aza‐PAHs) is crucial for developing innovative materials. In this study, four aza‐PAHs were synthesized using a combination of the Povarov reaction and intramolecular cyclization reaction by direct C−H arylation. The synthesized compounds were evaluated in terms of the crystal structure, photophysical properties, frontier energy levels, and hole‐blocking properties in organic light‐emitting diode (OLED). The intramolecular cyclization by direct C−H arylation afforded a condensed azaperylene molecule that exhibited long‐wavelength absorption and emission, attributed to the high HOMO level resulting from π‐extension.
The Taiwan‐ADNI workflow toward integrating plasma p‐tau217 into prediction models for the risk of Alzheimer's disease and tau burden
Authors: Huang Kuo‐Lun , Hsiao Ing‐Tsung , Huang Chi‐Wei , Huang Chung‐Guei , Chang Hsin‐I , Huang Shu‐Hua , Lin Kun‐Ju , Ma Mi‐Chia , Huang Chin‐Chang , Chang Chiung‐Chih
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION

We integrated plasma biomarkers from the Taiwan Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and propose a workflow to identify individuals showing amyloid‐positive positron emission tomography (PET) with low/intermediate tau burden based on [18F]Florzolotau PET‐based quantification.

METHODS

We assessed 361 participants across the Alzheimer's disease (AD) and non‐AD continuum and measured plasma phosphorylated tau (p‐tau)217, p‐tau181, amyloid beta (Aβ)42/40 ratio, neurofilament light chain, and glial fibrillary acidic protein levels at two medical centers. We evaluated the diagnostic potential of these biomarkers.

RESULTS

Among all plasma biomarkers, p‐tau217 had the highest consistency with amyloid PET results (area under the curve = 0.94), and a cutoff value could have reduced the number of confirmatory amyloid PET scans by 57.5%. In amyloid PET–positive cases intending to use anti‐amyloid therapy, p‐tau217 level, along with clinical parameters, had the highest predictive ability for low/intermediate tau burden.

DISCUSSION

A two‐step workflow based on p‐tau217 and confirmatory amyloid PET could accurately classify AD patients showing low/intermediate tau burden.

Highlights

The emergence of anti‐amyloid therapy increases the need to accurately diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD).

The use of plasma biomarkers, especially phosphorylated tau 217 (p‐tau217), can help in the diagnosis of AD.

P‐tau217 is a better predictor of amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) positivity than other core biomarkers.

In amyloid PET–positive individuals, p‐tau217 can predict tau burden.

We propose a two‐step workflow to identify AD cases suitable for treatment.
The etiology and prevention of early‐stage tau pathology in higher cortical circuits: Insights from aging rhesus macaques
Authors: Datta Dibyadeep , Arnsten Amy F. T.
Published: January 2025

Aging rhesus macaques provide a unique model for learning how age and inflammation drive early‐stage pathology in sporadic Alzheimer's disease, and for testing potential therapeutics. Unlike mice, aging macaques have extensive association cortices and inflammatory signaling similar to humans, are apolipoprotein E ε4 homozygotes, and naturally develop tau and amyloid pathology with marked cognitive deficits. Importantly, monkeys provide the unique opportunity to study early‐stage, soluble hyperphosphorylated tau (p‐tau), including p‐tau217. As soluble p‐tau is rapidly dephosphorylated post mortem, it is not captured in human brains except with biopsy material. However, new macaque data show that soluble p‐tau is toxic to neurons and capable of seeding across cortical circuits. Extensive evidence indicates that age‐related inflammatory signaling contributes to calcium dysregulation, which drives tau hyperphosphorylation and amyloid beta generation. Pharmacological studies in aged macaques suggest that inhibiting inflammation and restoring calcium regulation can reduce tau hyperphosphorylation with minimal side effects, appropriate for potential preventive therapeutics.

Highlights

Aging monkeys provide a unique window into early stage, soluble phosphorylated tau (p‐tau).

Inflammation with advancing age leads to calcium dysregulation, p‐tau, and amyloid beta (Aβ).

Macaque research shows p‐tau undergoes transsynaptic seeding early in the cortex.

p‐tau traps amyloid precursor protein–containing endosomes, which may increase Aβ and drive vicious cycles.

Restoring calcium regulation in cortex reduced p‐tau217 levels in aged macaques.
Solution‐Processed Blue Narrowband OLED Devices with External Quantum Efficiency Beyond 35 % through Horizontal Dipole Orientation Induced by Electrostatic Interaction
Authors: Zhang Kaiyuan , Wang Xingdong , Wang Mengyu , Wang Shumeng , Wang Lixiang
Published: January 2025

The multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) device has drawn great attention due to their outstanding efficiency and color purity. However, the efficiency of solution‐processed MR‐TADF devices is still far behind their vacuum‐deposited counterparts, due to the uncontrollable horizontal emitting dipole orientation for emitters during solution process, resulting in low light out‐coupling efficiency. Here, we proposed a new strategy namely electrostatic interaction between a dendritic host with high positive electrostatic potential (ESP) and dendritic emitter with multiple negative ESP sites, which could induce high horizontal dipole ratio (Θ||) up to 83.0 % in solution‐processed films. For this couple, the largest plane of dendritic host tends to anchor on the substrate, and thus the strong positive electrostatic site mainly lies at the exposed tetraphenylsilicon, which could electrostatically attract the multiple negative electrostatic sites of the dendritic emitter, realizing horizontal dipole orientation. Moreover, the highly twisted structure of dendritic host and dendron encapsulation of emitter could effectively suppress aggregation, leading a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 98.6 %. As a result, the solution‐processed blue MR‐TADF devices exhibit a record‐break external quantum efficiency of 35.3 %, as well as narrow bandwidth of 17 nm and pure blue color with CIE coordinates of (0.137, 0.176).
Peptide‐Grafted Waterborne Polyurethane With Enhanced Biocompatibility and Mechanical Properties for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Hong Yun , Li Chunjie , Zhang Feng , Ma Xiaoye , Jiang Dingxiao , Jin Rizhe , Kang Chuanqing
Published: January 2025

The incorporation of fillers into waterborne polyurethane (WPU) can endow the composites with improved physicochemical and physiological properties for biomedical applications. Silk fibroin possesses excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility owing to its unique hierarchical structure comprising β‐sheet crystallites and amorphous matrix. To mimic its structure, a crystalline tetrapeptide Gly‐Ala‐Gly‐Ala (GAGA) derived from the repetitive segments of the primary sequence of fibroins was grafted onto the WPU backbone. The tetrapeptides aggregated via additional hydrogen bonds to form crystalline domains, which served as physical crosslinking points to significantly improve the mechanical properties of WPU. Compared with the pristine WPU, the modification enhanced the maximum tensile strength (from 13.1 to 25.4 MPa) and hydrophilicity (the water contact angle from 80.6° to 38.8°). In addition, the modified WPU with the optimal proportion of the tetrapeptide remained structurally stable under physiological environments and showed improved biocompatibility including good cell and protein adhesion, noncytotoxicity, and nonhemolysis. The excellent performance confirms the effectiveness of peptides in WPU modification and sheds light on the potential of modified WPU in biomedical applications.
Developing an ethical framework for informed consent using human fetal and embryological collections: An Australian perspective
Authors: El‐Haddad Joyce , Pather Nalini
Published: January 2025

The term “human fetal and embryological collections” refers to repositories or archives that house remains of human fetuses and embryos. Most of these remains have been obtained without informed consent from the next of kin, thus reflecting a time in history where this may have been acceptable. Previous quantitative studies seeking stakeholder perceptions toward these collections suggest that there is misalignment with the values of society today, and the current guiding frameworks pertaining to these collections. The aim of this study was to qualitatively explore and analyze the perceptions of key stakeholders regarding human fetal and embryological collections. Twenty‐seven individuals signed up and completed the demographic survey. However, 25 attended the focus group interviews. The study sought to provide an in‐depth exploration of how stakeholders perceive the value of fetal and embryological collections, and the importance of informed consent. The mean age of participants was 29.1 years of age with a gender distribution of 40.7% (n = 11 out of 27) men and 50.3% (n = 16 out of 27) of women. Thematic analysis identified four themes: (1) consent; (2) preparation for clinical practice; (3) equity and fairness; and (4) educational value, with several subthemes identified at macro, meso, and micro ethical levels. Macro subthemes included importance of informed consent, equity and fairness, and genetic composition. Meso subthemes included respect and privacy, and legal and institutional considerations. Micro subthemes included emotional considerations, preparation for clinical practice, and educational value. The results of this study indicate that ethical issues surrounding human fetal and embryological collections need careful consideration based on macro, meso, and micro ethical frameworks.
Ferric Chloride Mediated Dearomative Spirocyclization of Biaryl Ynones: Synthesis of 3,3‐Spiroindanones
Authors: Jaiswal Gaurav , Chandra Pan Subhas
Published: January 2025

Ferric chloride mediated dearomative spirocyclization of biaryl ynones for the synthesis of new series of densely functionalized 3,3‐spiroindanone derivatives has been reported. This study is the first to describe the regioselective synthesis of a five‐membered ring from biaryl ynones. The scope of the reaction is broad and the spirocyclic products were obtained in moderate to good yields (up to 87 %) and with high stereoselectivities.
ABC‐Entwurfstafeln: Ökobilanzierung von Tragwerken anhand eines Beispiels
Authors: Dombrowski Max , Kanz Emma , Wolgast Katharina
Published: January 2025

Die Entwurfstafeln zur Ökobilanzierung in der Tragwerksplanung vom Attitude Building Collective e. V. (ABC) bieten eine praxisnahe Arbeitshilfe zur Abschätzung der CO2‐Emissionen von Tragwerken und unterstützen Planer:innen dabei, wichtige Entwurfsentscheidungen zu identifizieren und zu treffen. Die Baubranche trägt erheblich zu den globalen CO2‐Emissionen bei. Im Zuge der steigenden Energieeffizienz neuer Gebäude gewinnen die grauen Emissionen infolge der Errichtung von Tragwerken an Bedeutung. Eine alltagstaugliche Planungshilfe zur Bewertung und Minimierung dieser Emissionen fehlte bislang. Die ABC‐Entwurfstafeln füllen diese Lücke und machen die komplexe Welt der Ökobilanzierung für Planer:innen zugänglich. In diesem Beitrag werden die Entwurfstafeln vorgestellt und ihre Anwendung anhand einfacher Handrechnungen demonstriert. Die Tafeln enthalten die Grundlagen der Ökobilanzierung von Gebäuden sowie praktische Orientierungshilfen zur Wahl von Materialien und Tragsystemen. Darüber hinaus informieren sie zu übergeordneten Themen wie z. B. der Frage, welche Argumente Planer:innen gegenüber Bauherr:innen für eine ökologische Bauweise anführen können. Als Open‐Access‐Material fördern die Entwurfstafeln den Wissenstransfer in der Baubranche und unterstützen die Umstellung auf eine klimagerechte Bauweise. Mit den Entwurfstafeln verfolgt das ABC das Ziel, alle Bauschaffenden für eine umweltverträgliche Baukultur zu mobilisieren.
Pharmacokinetics Integrated With Network Pharmacology to Investigate the Potential Mechanism of Lu‐Jiao Fang Inhibited Endothelial‐to‐Mesenchymal Transition in Pressure Overload–Induced Cardiac Fibrosis
Authors: Shi Xiaoli , Ma Jingya , Liu Wei , Shen Jie , Xu Guanglin , Zhang Jianwei , Liu Li
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential mechanism of Lu‐Jiao Fang (LJF) inhibiting endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in pressure overload‐induced cardiac fibrosis. Pharmacokinetic behaviors of the ingredients of LJF were evaluated by LC‐MS/MS analysis. Then putative pathways by which LJF regulates EndMT were analyzed by network pharmacology and verified in transverse aortic constriction–induced cardiac fibrosis rats. Loganin, morroniside, salidroside, isopsoralen, and psoralen showed higher plasma, left and right ventricular Cmax and AUC0–t values than hesperidin, specnuezhenide, and icariside II. Twenty‐four potential targets related to EndMT were identified, which were mainly involved in relaxin signaling pathway. AKT1, TP53, MMP9, HIF1A, Snail1, and MMP2 were key therapeutic targets in protein–protein interaction network. LJF reversed cardiac dysfunction, left ventricular dilation, and fibrosis and significantly downregulated collagen type I and III and EndMT regulators (Snail1 and Twist1) mRNA expression. In relaxin signaling pathway, the RXFP1 protein expression increased by 22.52%, and the protein phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 decreased by 33.52% and 12.79%, in response to the treatment with LJF. This study initially revealed the EndMT inhibition effects and molecular mechanisms of LJF in cardiac fibrosis, providing a reference basis for the promotion of LJF in the clinic.
Unveiling Risk Profiles: A Latent Profile Analysis of 21st‐Century Skills, Resistance to Change, and Cognitive Flexibility
Authors: Uras Muhammed Celal , Kaya Suat , Kaya Alican , Yildirim Murat
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Limited research utilized a person‐centered approach in examining 21st‐century skills. This study used latent profile analysis to explore the relationships between resistance to change, cognitive flexibility, and 21st‐century skills, including creativity, cooperativity, critical thinking, communication, and problem‐solving.

Materials and Methods

A convenience sampling approach was used to recruit 502 individuals (342 females; meanage = 21.12 ± 2.34 years) via an online survey.

Results

The results showed that creativity, cooperativity, critical thinking, communication, problem‐solving, and resistance to change were determined as profile indicators. The cognitive flexibility of the subclasses was also predicted. Furthermore, the results revealed four distinct profiles: (i) average level across all skills (5.8%); (ii) low risk for most skills, moderate for cooperativity (18.1%); (iii) high risk for all skills (55.2%); and (iv) moderate risk for most skills, moderate for cooperativity (20.9%).

Conclusions

The study highlights the importance of cognitive flexibility in identifying risk profiles. Using mixture modeling provides a fresh perspective for researchers, potentially aiding in targeted interventions for at‐risk university students to enhance their 21st‐century skills.
Evaluating the Performance of Ethanol Electrochemical Nanobiosensor Through Machine for Predictive Analysis of Electric Current in Self‐Powered Biosensors
Authors: Farahbakhsh Afshin , Abad Javad Mohebbi Najm , Hekmatmanesh Amin , Handroos Heikki
Published: January 2025

In this study, the focus is on ethanol nano biosensors based on alcohol oxidase (AOX) enzymatic reactions and the feasibility of generating electric current for biobatteries. The aim is to convert the latent energy in ethanol into electrical energy through the enzymatic oxidation process in the presence of an AOX enzyme. The release of electrons and the creation of a potential difference make the use of ethanol as a biofuel cell/self‐power biosensor in biologically sensitive systems feasible. To achieve this, glassy carbon electrodes were modified with gold nanoparticles to enhance conductivity, and the AOX enzyme was immobilized on the working electrode. The current generated through the enzymatic process was measured in various pH and analyte concentration conditions. Afterward, machine‐learning models, including multilayer perceptron (MLP), deep neural network, decision tree, and random forest, were employed to assess the impact of parameters on electric current generation, evaluate the error rate, and compare the results. The results indicated that the MLP model was the most suitable method for predicting the electric current produced under different pH, temperature, and ethanol concentration values. These findings can be utilized to identify optimal conditions and increase the current output for use as a reliable energy source in self‐powered biosensors. In conclusion, this study suggests a promising way to generate electricity by oxidizing ethanol with the AOX enzyme. The use of machine learning to analyze experimental data has provided insight into optimal conditions for maximizing electric current output for developing sustainable energy sources in biologically sensitive systems and biobattery technology.
Synthesis of Polysubstituted Bicyclo[3.1.0]Hexanes via Boronyl Radical Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Cyclopropanes with Cyclopropenes
Authors: Zhang Kuan , Xia Yan , Tian Shanghui , Duan Xin‐Hua , Li Pengfei , Guo Li‐Na
Published: January 2025

Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane is a key structural unit in numerous natural products and small molecule drugs. The efficient and sustainable construction of this skeleton is of particular importance. Herein, we report a boronyl radical‐catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of cyclopropanes and cyclopropenes for the synthesis of polysubstituted bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes. This reaction proceeds under metal‐free conditions and can rapidly construct multiple carbon─carbon bonds, exhibits atom economy and operational simplicity, and demonstrates good substrate applicability and excellent functional group tolerance.
Crop rotation and herbicide program effects on Palmer amaranth and common ragweed population growth rate
Authors: Oreja Fernando H. , Mahoney Denis J. , Jordan David L. , Jennings Katie M. , Vann Matthew , Leon Ramon G.
Published: January 2025

The success of weed management decisions must be assessed not only in the short‐term within season but also in the long‐term over several seasons. This study investigated the effects of crop rotation and herbicide program structure on the population growth rates of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) and common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.). A field experiment was conducted over a 3‐year period in North Carolina to compare cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)–sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], cotton–peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)–soybean, cotton–tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)–soybean, and cotton–soybean–soybean rotations and preemergence and postemergence herbicide application timings. Results showed that preemergence herbicide application in the soybean phase of the rotation reduced Palmer amaranth populations 79%. However, the preemergence herbicides were only effective at reducing weed populations for the current season, not beyond. Common ragweed population growth rate was highest after the first 2 years (λ = 1.63) of the cotton–tobacco–soybean rotation. Preemergence herbicides were effective in reducing common ragweed populations, particularly in rotations with cotton–sweetpotato and cotton–peanut. Soybean yields were similar across rotations ranging from 62 bu/ac to 68 bu/ac. Annual use of preemergence herbicides was essential to reduce Palmer amaranth populations. For common ragweed, the effectiveness of preemergence herbicides to mitigate population growth was reduced when poorly competitive crops were part of the rotation.
AIE‐Active Circularly Polarized Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters for Stable Solution‐Processed Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence
Authors: Zhang Yuxia , Lu Kong Fan , Yu Chen Hao , Liu Chang , Yu Zhang Sen , Wang Shi , Jing Wen Li , Hua Li Yong , Yin Zhang Kenneth
Published: January 2025

Circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs) have significant promise for naked‐eye 3D displays. However, most devices are fabricated using vacuum deposition technology, and development of efficient solution‐processed CP‐OLEDs, particularly those exhibiting low efficiency roll‐off, remains a formidable challenge. This research successfully designed and synthesized two pairs of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) enantiomers through isomer engineering, namely (R/S)‐N‐5‐TPA and (R/S)‐N‐4‐TPA, which features fifth and fourth substitution sites of phthalimide (acceptor) by tri‐phenylamine (donor), respectively. Both molecules displayed aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties. Notably, the CP‐OLED devices, fabricated by solution‐process, exhibited vivid blue‐green and green emission with the maximum current efficiency of 7.4 and 29.6 cd A−1, the external quantum efficiency of 2.7 % and 10.2 %, and the low efficiency roll‐off of 3.7 % and 16.7 %. Moreover, these devices demonstrated CP‐EL signals with gEL values of +6.61×10−4 /−6.84×10−4 and +1.13×10−3/−1.25×10−3, respectively.
An Anthracene‐Imidazoanthraquinone Conjugate Exhibiting Ratiometric Fluorescence Turn – on Behavior with CN− and F− Anions
Authors: Rai Ravisen , Kaleem Mohammed , Bhandari Rimpi , Misra Arvind
Published: January 2025

A new conjugate, 2‐(4‐(anthracen‐9‐yl) phenyl)‐[1,2‐d]imidazole‐1H‐anthraquninone (AQI) has been designed and synthesized as a molecular probe 4. The photophysical and electrochemical behavior of the probe in the absence and presence of different class of ions were examined in acetonitrile solution. The probe 4 with F− and CN− anions showed ratiometric fluorescence “turn – On” response due to variation in ICT processes. Cyclic voltammetry of probe exhibited reversible redox behavior wherein the band gap (Eg =1240/λmax) of probe (ΔE =3.220 eV) decreased (~2.583 eV) after the interaction with F− and CN− anions. The probe interacted with both anions in a 1 : 1 stoichiometry with good binding constants (KF−=.05×106 M−1 and KCN− = 1.46×106 M−1) and limit of detection/quantification (LOD/LOQ) in nM range. pH studies showed that probe 4 has potential to detect the anions under physiological conditions (between pH 6–10). The probe upon interaction with both F− and CN− anions showed a naked‐eye sensitive color change in solution and on test paper strips. The probable complexes, 4+F−/CN− upon interaction with trifluoroacetic (TFA) acid showed reversible behavior wherein the intensity of probe rejuvenated. The output emission signal of the probe upon providing F− and TFA as a chemical inputs mimic the function of a memory device with ‘‘write–read–erase–read’’ functions and has also been utilized to construct a molecular key‐pad lock security device system. Also, the probe showed sensitivity to detect the F− in toothpaste. The mechanism of interaction has been confirmed by different spectroscopic data analysis.
Genetically Engineered and Implantable Mouse Brain Tumor Models: Characterization by Immunohistochemistry and Flow Cytometry
Authors: Mirji Apoorva , Singh Gurveer , Mujeeb Anzar A. , McClellan Brandon L. , Li YingXiang , Perez Makayla , Castro Maria G.
Published: January 2025

Gliomas are aggressive tumors with a poor prognosis. The protocols presented here outline the methods used to study tumor progression, the tumor microenvironment (TME), and the effects of experimental treatments. The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposase system induces tumors de novo to generate mouse models that recapitulate human gliomas. Plasmids are constructed with oncogenic drivers and other genetic alterations of interest. which are recognized by their unique position in between inverted/direct repeat (IR/DR) sequences. Luciferase enzyme is used to monitor the uptake of the plasmid, tumor growth, and response to experimental therapies. The genes of interest are tracked using fluorescent markers. Tumors will arise in immunocompetent hosts, which provides a relevant preclinical platform for analysis of tumor initiation, progression, survival, immune microenvironment, and histopathological features. Once the tumor grows within the desired brain location, it can be harvested to generate cell cultures of neurospheres for future experimentation. The benefit of implantable models generated from SB tumors is that they provide specific anatomical and genetic context, in which specific genetic characteristics can be tracked, as they are co‐expressed with fluorescent markers. Post glioma cell implantation, additional analysis of the TME and tumor growth can be performed through immunohistochemistry (IHC) and flow cytometry. © 2025 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Creation of mouse glioma models by Sleeping‐Beauty‐mediated transposition

Basic Protocol 2: Generation of orthotopic implantable brain tumors and neurospheres

Basic Protocol 3: Hematoxylin and eosin staining of glioma tissue samples

Basic Protocol 4: Immunohistochemistry of glioma tissue samples

Basic Protocol 5: Flow cytometry for immune cell analysis of the tumor microenvironment
Private Commissions of Public Inquiry: Community Conflict and Multilayer Dissonance in the Mining Industry
Authors: Harris Jill , Kemp Deanna , Owen John R.
Published: January 2025

This study examines a unique form of public inquiry that we refer to as “privately commissioned public inquiries.” These inquiries focus on events or incidents that indicate broader structural problems of neglect, misjudgment, or injustice. Using qualitative interview methods, we explore such an inquiry in the global mining industry. We ask: what motivated the company to commission an independent public‐facing inquiry? The study finds that threats to organizational identity are vital precursors to commissioning the inquiry. We also find that the unease caused by public scrutiny supports the maintenance of the company's valued identity attributes, rather than disrupting them. Paradoxically, an artifact remains—the public report, a trace that resists the kind of “forgetting” that the company might use to maintain its identity. We conclude that this public “remembering” indirectly supports organizational learning and advances the practice of human rights due diligence.
Visual Expressions in Corporate Social Responsibility Reports: The Role of Minority Investors' Online Information Demand
Authors: Ruan Hongfei , Du Yongzhi , Nie Yinju , Xiang Yi
Published: January 2025

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports hold significant importance for firms to communicate with stakeholders. Previous studies have primarily emphasized the implications of verbal characteristics present in CSR reports, yet there exists a limited understanding on the distinct features of visual information in these reports. The paper integrates stakeholder salience theory and elaboration likelihood model to examine whether online information demand of minority investors in the unique online interactive platforms can prompt corporate visual expressions in their CSR reports. Additionally, we contend that the relationship between online information demand and visual expressions in CSR reports is accentuated when minority investors play a prominent role in a firm, yet attenuated when a firm provides more comprehensible and transparent information. Employing a hand‐collected dataset of 1998 observations from publicly listed Chinese firms from 2009 to 2017, our empirical findings strongly support these arguments. Taken together, this research enhances our understandings of how and when firms respond to the increased collective salience of minority investors resulting from their online information demand by disclosing more visually oriented CSR reports.
Pipeline esophageal varices: Insights from clinical cases and models
Authors: Maki Keita , Haga Hiroaki , Hoshikawa Kyoko , Katsumi Tomohiro , Suzuki Fumiya , Uchiyama Fumi , Ueno Yoshiyuki
Published: January 2025

Objectives

While esophageal varices (EVs) are typically treated endoscopically, other options such as interventional radiology or surgical treatment are considered when endoscopic treatment is challenging. Pipeline EVs are difficult to treat endoscopically due to their large diameter, and currently, no specific treatment guidelines have been established.

Methods

We reviewed cases of pipeline EVs treated at our hospital and analyzed previously reported cases to collect evidence for the formulation of treatment guidelines. Additionally, we created EV simple models to evaluate the safety margin of endoscopic variceal ligation for varices.

Results

Our analysis included 14 cases of pipeline EVs (four cases treated at our hospital from 2013 to 2024 and 10 previously reported cases from 1990 to 2024). Endoscopic treatment alone was insufficient in six cases (42.9%), and five cases (35.7%) required interventional radiology or surgical intervention. Using EV simple models with varying diameters, EVL was inadequate for varices with diameters of 20 mm or larger.

Conclusions

There are few reported cases of pipeline EVs, making it difficult to determine a treatment algorithm. In our study using an EV simple model, it was suggested that endoscopic variceal ligation is effective in blocking blood flow for EVs with a diameter of 15 mm or less. It is important that we understand there are EVs, such as pipeline EVs, for which there are limitations to safely occluding blood flow with endoscopic variceal ligation, and it may be necessary to develop treatment strategies that include methods other than endoscopic therapy.