bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Musculoskeletal Disorders in School Going Children Before and After COVID-19
Authors: Patel Neha P , Sheth Megha S
Published: May 2021

Background: An outbreak of corona virus (COVID-19) disease causing severe acute respiratory syndrome first occurred in China. About 107 countries implemented school closures. This lockdown/quarantine was associated with changes in the daily activity among children, where less physical activity and more use of electronic devices was seen. The study aimed to compare musculoskeletal disorders among children before and after COVID-19.
Methodology: One hundred thirty one school-going children, selected by convenience sampling, aged 6-18 years, studying online since at least one month, participated in this cross-sectional study. The participants filled a self-designed, close-ended questionnaire of 24 items. Descriptive analysis was done using Microsoft excel.
Results: 80% children (average age13.7 years) used electronic devices less than 2 hours for study, 90% for games, social media and communication before COVID-19. After COVID-19, 93%children used electronic devices more than 2 hours for study, 72% children used electronic devices less than 2 hours for games, social media and communication.51% children had musculoskeletal pain after COVID-19. Children with pain in the neck (39%), back (15%), neck and back (12%), right or left shoulder (6%), both shoulders (6%) and more than one part involved (21%). Neck pain was mild (28%), moderate (65%), severe (6.7%). Severity of back pain was mild (55%), moderate (32%), severe (14%). Severity of shoulder pain seen was mild (75%), moderate (26%).Severity of arm pain was mild (84%), moderate (17%). 52% Children were exercising before COVID-19, 60% after COVID-19.
Conclusion: After COVID-19 there is an increase in the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (neck, back, shoulder and arm pain) among children with an increase in the time of use of electronic devices.

Key words: Knowledge and practice, child survival strategies, mothers, south Nigeria.
Correlation between Hand Grip Strength and Core Muscle Activation in Physical Therapists of Gujarat
Authors: Solanki Disha Vallabhbhai , Soni Neela
Published: May 2021

Background: Hand grip strength is of great significant parameter in evaluation of hand function and it is most reliable clinical assessment tool of human strength. It is very useful in various professions where people must work with their hand, like physiotherapy. The core serves at the center of functional kinetic chain in alternative medicine world; the core has been referred to as the “powerhouse”, the foundation or engine of all limb movements. So the purpose of this study is to find out correlation between hand grip strength and core muscle activation in physical therapists of age group 18 to 25.
Methods: Two hundred physical therapists volunteered to participate in this study were assessed for height, weight, BMI, the hand grip strength of the dominant hand and the non-dominant hand and core muscle activation. The hand grip strength was assessed with Jamar dynamometer and the core muscle activation was assessed with Pressure Biofeedback Unit.
Results: Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used. The results of this study shows that there was weak positive correlation(r=0.42) between the hand grip strength of dominant hand and non-dominant hand with core muscle activation.
Conclusion: This study shows weak correlation between the hand grip strength with core muscle activation.

Key words: Hand grip strength, Hand dynamometer, Core muscle strength, Pressure Biofeedback Unit.
Breast Cancer in Women: Epidemiological, Histological, Immunohistochemical and Molecular Sub-Types in the Republic of Congo
Authors: Mboungou Malanda Dimitry Moudiongui , Boumba Anicet Luc Magloire , Malonga Gervillien Arnold
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with a variety of morphological, molecular, treatment response and clinical outcome characteristics. The objective of this work was to assess the epidemiological, histological, immunohistochemical and molecular subtypes of breast cancer in women in the Republic of Congo.
Material and Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional descriptive study which took place from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2020. The study focused on 150 cases of breast cancer in patients diagnosed at the University Hospital of Brazzaville (CHU-B). The epidemiological, clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and molecular subtypes were the variables studied.
Results: The mean age was 48.09 ± 13.87 years with the extremes of 22 years and 80 years. The study of the profession; the most represented in our study was that of the cultivator 20.67%. A predominance of breast cancer localization was observed in the left breast in 47.33%. The frequency of a family history was 7.33% or 11 cases. The most frequently represented histologic type was 62% invasive non-specific type carcinoma (CITNS). The most represented histological grade was Scarff Bloom Richardson grade II (51.33%), followed by grade III 24% and grade I in 12% of cases. Regarding the results of IHC; of the 150 cases, 102 (68%) had positive hormone receptors (HR +). The ORs were positive in 102 cases (68%) while the PRs were positive in 98 cases (65.33%). The Her2 oncogene was over expressed in 38 cases (25.3%). The Ki-67 proliferation index was known for the 150 cases, including 77 (51.33%) less than 15% and 73 (48.67%) greater than or equal to 15%. The distribution of molecular subtypes was 46% luminal A, 22% triple negative, 17% luminal B and 10% Her2 +. Tumors of unknown molecular profile were 5%. The correlation was found between molecular subtype and histological type. This result was statistically significant (p <0.05). For the rest. There was no correlation between age and SBR grade (p> 0.05). The correlation was found between molecular subtype and histological type. This result was statistically significant (p <0.05). For the rest. There was no correlation between age and SBR grade (p> 0.05). The correlation was found between molecular subtype and histological type. This result was statistically significant (p <0.05). For the rest. There was no correlation between age and SBR grade (p> 0.05).
Conclusion: It should be noted that the association between histological and immunohistochemical diagnosis can help determine the phenotype of breast cancer, with the aim of guiding treatment and therefore improving response to treatment.

Key words: Epidemiology, Histology, Immunohistochemistry, molecular subtypes, breast cancer, Republic of Congo.
Therapeutic Effectiveness of a Siddha Formulation Arootha Chooranam: A Review
Authors: K Jayashree , A Kingsly
Published: May 2021

Siddha system of medicine is the one of the ancient system of medical practiced among Tamil speaking community. The medicine in this system prepared from raw drug from only herbals. Arootha chooranam is a herbal preparation with ingredients of 9 herbals. It’s used to treat the sexual desire disease particularly for indiriyanastam [pre mature ejaculation]. This review is aimed to bring out scientific evidence for the therapeutic usage of Arootha chooranam and focused on the pharmacological activity for the curative nature of the drug. Most of the drugs have anti-oxidant activity and anti-infertility, spermatogenesis, Aphrodisiac activity hence justifying its usage in above mentioned disease.

Key words: Siddha medicine, Arootha chooranam, indiriyanastam, pharmacological activity.
Covid-19 Related Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Nurses Working as Front Line Workers in a Selected Hospital in Mumbai City
Authors: Cornelio Sheryl , Suseel Saly , Thomas Valsa
Published: May 2021

Background: Healthcare workers getting exposed to Covid-19 patients could be psychologically stressed. With the rapid spread of the disease, tremendous pressure and challenges are faced by the nurses.
Purpose: The purpose/aim of the study was to assess the level of depression, anxiety and stress among Nurses working in the Covid-19 ICU and wards and Covid-19 clinic.
Method: Quantitative approach with descriptive design was used for the study and convenient sampling was used with the sample size being 83. Standardized scale known as DASS-21 (Depression, Anxiety and stress scale) scale was used for the collection of data.
Results: To analyze the data, inferential statistics was used. The major findings of the study showed that majority of the Nurses (34%) (N=28) had moderate anxiety. Also, majority of them (75%) (N=63) did not find any symptoms of depression. A majority of (48%) (N=40) had moderate level of stress.
Conclusion/Implications: The findings of the study suggest that working in the Covid-19have both negative and positive impact on the emotional impact of the Nurses. Providing required basic needs and support both physical and psychological plays a vital role in maintaining the mental health of the Nurses.

Key words: Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Nurses, Covid-19.
Acute Health Effects of Pesticide Exposure among Farmers Directly Involved with Spraying: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study from Kashmir Valley
Authors: Nisar Sobia , Muzaffer Umar , Kareem Ozaifa
Published: May 2021

Background: Organophosphates (OP) are the extensively used pesticides that protect the agricultural produce from being damaged by the pests. These inhibit the acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity acutely which has a key role in the normal physiological functioning of the nervous system. There is an imminent possibility of deterioration of health in agricultural workers at the risk of OP exposure. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical symptoms and chronic health effects of OP exposure among agricultural workers associated with spraying of pesticides in Kashmir, India.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken among agricultural workers associated with pesticide spraying at least once a year. A questionnaire based survey and clinical examination was conducted among study participants. The specific questions regarding the occupational history, pattern of spraying, history and symptoms of OP pesticide exposure were noted. The use of personal protective equipment, number of years of OP exposure and the volume of pesticide used were also noted. Biochemical evaluation and serum acetylcholinesterase levels were measured by standard protocol.
Results: A total of 63 subjects participated in the study with n= 61 (96.8%) males and n= 2 (3.2%) females. The study population had a mean age of 40.90 ± 12.66 years. Our results show considerable association between OP exposure and various neurological, psychological, mucoskeletal and respiratory symptoms, but it was not enough to provide evidence of biochemical derangement. The neurological symptoms included weakness (60.3%), dizziness (44.4%), headache (38.09%), fatigue (30.1%), and muscle pain (19.04%). The psychological symptoms included low mood (66.6%), anhedonia (46.03%), insomnia (23.8%), anxiety (19.04%), and nervousness (11.1%).Among respiratory symptoms cough (58.7%) was most commonly reported followed by cough with phlegm (41.2%) and breathlessness (12.6%). Only 9.5% of the study population reported the immediate symptom onset while 33.3% of participants reported delayed onset.
Conclusion: The neurological complications were most commonly reported followed by ophthalmological symptoms. We concluded that OP exposure affects the nervous system followed by musculoskeletal, integumentary and respiratory systems with least impact on cardiovascular system.

Key words: organophosphorus; acetylcholinesterase; neurological; farm workers; occupational exposure; pesticides.
INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (ICT) AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE AZERBAIJAN REPUBLIC
Authors: Guseynov Shahin , Abdullaev Ravshan , Mehdiyev Teymur , Edelkina Anastasia
Published: May 2021

Nowadays, the Republic of Azerbaijan is one of the most developed countries in the Caucasus region. The country’s development is associated with hydrocarbon production; but in recent years, the country’s authorities have taken a course towards the IT sector development. This is an extremely interesting phenomenon, especially considering the low base's effect and the high growth rate of the main indicators which characterize a digital society. Within the article, the authors identify the relationship between the indicators of the digital society development and IT and the growth rate of the country’s economy and then the authors characterize the trends which are characteristic for Azerbaijan’s IT sector. The major challenge of the article is the preparation of the statistics for research, as they are scarce and segmented. There are two main elements of the research novelty: first, the methodology proposed by the authors for assessing the investments' effectiveness in IT by comparing them with the ITU index and, second, the identifying the shortcomings of the IT development system with the use of the digitalization efficiency analysis (from the below). The major contribution of the article is the development of the econometric methods for the estimation of the ICT investments’ effectiveness on the example of the Azerbaijan economy and the proof of the high importance of the sphere for the future of the country economy.
La inclusión en las instituciones públicas del municipio de Valledupar
Authors: Galindo Daza Cesar Alberto
Published: May 2021

El presente trabajo pretende analizar si las instituciones educativas públicas del municipio de Valledupar cuentan con los recursos básicos para hacerle frente a la inclusión educativa. Para este estudio se realizó una entrevista a doce coordinadores académicos de las instituciones públicas de educación de básica secundaria ubicadas en el sur de Valledupar para conocer si cuentan con programas de inclusión educativa.
Abstract
The present work intends to analyze if the public educational institutions of the municipality of Valledupar have the basic resources to face educational inclusion. For this study interview were conducted with twelve academic coordinators of the public education institutions of secondary located in the south of Valledupar, to know if they have programs of educational inclusion.
Desigualdad: ¿Que Podemos hacer? De Antony Atkinson.
Authors: Flórez Bolaños Jaime
Published: May 2021

La desigualdad es un tema recurrente en los análisis políticos y académicos.
DOKSORUBİSİN KARDİYOTOKSİSİTESİNİN OLUŞUMU VE ÖNLENMESİ
Authors: ERDOĞMUŞ ÖZGEN Zeynep
Published: May 2021

Yüksek antineoplastik aktiviteleri nedeniyle onkolojide en sık kullanılan antrasiklinler arasında yer alan doksorubisin; göğüs, over, testis, tiroid, akciğer kanserlerinde ve birçok sarkomun tedavisinde klinik uygulaması olan önemli ilaçlardan biridir. Ancak doksorubisinin klinik kullanımını kısıtlayan önemli ve ciddi kardiotoksik yan etkisi vardır. Bu derlemede kardiotoksik etki mekanizmasının araştırılması amaçlandı. Araştırma sonucunda kardiotoksisite oluşumunda; nükleik asit ve protein sentezinin inhibisyonu, vazoaktif aminlerin salınımı, mitokondriyal membran potansiyelinde kayıp ve elektron trasport zincirinin inhibisyonu, adrenerjik fonksiyonlardaki değişiklikler, adenilat siklaz, Na+-K+ ATPaz ve Ca+ ATPaz aktivitelerinin azalması gibi mekanizmalar etkili olsa da oksidatif stres ve apoptozisin asıl etken olduğu görülmüştür. Doksorubisinin oluşturduğu kardiotoksisiteyi azaltmaya yönelik koruyucu maddeler araştırmalarda kullanılmış olsa da bu maddelerin klinikte kullanımları yeterli düzeylere ulaşılabilmiş değildir. Yapılan literatür taraması sonucunda, Doksorubisinin oluşturduğu kardiotoksisiteyi azaltmaya yönelik daha ayrıntılı çalışmaların yapılması gerektiği kanaatine varılmıştır.
Bioekologi dan Bioteknologi Udang Galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) Estuaria
Authors:   Dosen Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro, Indarjo Agus , Salim Gazali ,   Dosen Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan, Universitas Borneo Tarakan, Anggoro Sutrisno ,   Guru Besar Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Unversitas Diponegoro, Nugraeni Christine Dyta ,   Dosen Teknologi Hasil Perikanan, Universitas Borneo Tarakan, Ransangan Julian ,   Institut Penyelidikan Marin Borneo, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Firdaus Muhammad ,   Dosen Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Borneo Tarakan
Published: May 2021

Udang galah adalah salah satu jenis kelas Crustacea yang memiliki nama ilmiah dari udang perairan Estuaria jenis spesies Macrobrachium rosenbergii dengan kategori secara anatomi memiliki bentuk tubuh yang besar (giant) apabila di bandingkan dengan jenis udang lainnya (Bambang Agus Murtidjo, 1992). Udang galah memiliki habitat ekologi perairan estuaria yang dangkal dan merupakan kategori dari kelas Crustacea dengan filum Arthopoda dengan suku Paleamonidae dari bangsa Decapoda. Udang galah umumnya hidup di perairan estuaria yang memiliki ciri khusus pada bagian kepala berbentuk kerucut dan rostrum melebar pada bagian ujungnya. Bentuk tubuhnya udang galah memanjang dan melengkung ke atas. Pada bagian atas udang galah terdapat gigi seperti gergaji sebanyak 12 gigi dan bagian bawah sebanyak 11 gigi. Kebanyakan udang galah jenis kelamin jantan memiliki ciri tubuh yang besar dan panjang, kuat dan memiliki capit yang besar.
Teks Konstektual Pandemi COVID-19
Authors:   Guru SMK Negeri 2 di kabupaten Sragen, Jawa Tengah, Yulianti Febti Lita
Published: May 2021

Buku ini sebagai alternatif dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran di masa pandemi COVID-19 maupun jika pandemi ini sudah berakhir. Buku ini berisi berbagai teks kontekstual sebagai update teks konvensional di masa non pandemi COVID-19. Pembaca akan memahami berbagai peristiwa di masa pandemi COVID-19 dan juga menjadi pribadi berkarakter yang kuat dan tangguh menyikapi kondisi bangsanya yang terdampak pandemi COVID-19.
Metode Guided Discovery Dalam Pembelajaran Matematika: Pendekatan Riset
Authors:   Dosen Universitas PGRI Wiranegara Pasuruan, Afifah Ani
Published: May 2021

Guided Discovery merupakan metode pembelajaran dimana guru membimbing siswa melalui aktivitas yang dapat mendorong siswa menemukan konsep dari materi yang mereka pelajari tanpa adanya keterangan dari guru. Metode ini dapat dilakukan baik secara berkelompok maupun individu. Penggunaan metode ini membutuhkan waktu yang relatif banyak, namun hasil belajar yang dicapai akan sebanding dengan waktu yang digunakan. Pengetahuan baru akan melekat lebih lama apabila siswa dilibatkan langsung dalam proses mengkontruksi dan menemukan pengetahuan tersebut. Di dalam buku ini, pembaca disajikan gambaran umum tentang metode Guided Discovery yang dikaji dari penerapannya pada pembelajaran matematika. Selain itu, buku ini sangat tepat digunakan sebagai referensi bahan perkuliahan maupun sebagai referensi untuk penelitian terkait dengan metode Guide Discovery dan penalaran matematika. Adanya penyajian hasil riset yang dilakukan menjadikan buku ini sangat praktis digunakan sebagai referensi penelitian bidang pendidikan.
Sumber Daya Genetik Ternak Lokal Kerbau Simeulue
Authors:   Peternakan, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Sari Eka Meutia , Abdullah Mohd. Agus Nashri ,   Peternakan, Universitas Syiah Kuala
Published: May 2021

Provinsi Aceh memiliki empat aset plasma nutfah yang sudah ditetapkan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia sebagai rumpun ternak nasional yaitu: sapi Aceh, kerbau Simeulue, kerbau Gayo dan kuda Gayo. Kerbau Simeulue telah sejak dahulu memegang peranan penting dalam kehidupan sosial, ekonomi dan budaya masyarakat pemeliharanya, khususnya masyarakat di Kabupaten Simeulue. Informasi tentang kerbau Simeulue masih sangat terbatas, karena kerbau ini belum dikenal dan kurang mendapat perhatian dari semua lapisan masyarakat, kecuali hanya pemerhati dan komunitas pecinta kerbau Simeulue. Padahal kerbau ini merupakan sumber daya alam yang sangat bernilai dan berpotensi besar untuk memenuhi kehidupan masyarakat luas. Informasi penting menyangkut segala aspek biologi kerbau Simeulue berupa data-datanya perlu terus dicari, dikumpulkan, dikaji dan didokumentasi dalam upaya pelestarian, peningkatan mutu genetik, pengembangan dan pemanfaatannya secara berkesinambungan.
Ilmu Sosial dan Budaya Dasar Berbasis General Education
Authors:   Dosen Fakultas Hukum Universitas Syiah Kuala, Mansur Teuku Muttaqin , Sulaiman Sulaiman ,   Dosen Hukum, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Abdullah M. Adli ,   Dosen Hukum, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Ali Hasbi ,   Dosen Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Syiah Kuala
Published: May 2021

Dewasa ini, masalah sosial dan budaya terus menjadi sorotan banyak pihak seiring dengan kondisi sosial budaya dalam masyarakat yang mengalami degradasi dan turbelensi akibat arus globalisasi dan modernisasi. Walaupun telah banyak buku serupa ditulis oleh para pakar di bidangnya, namun masih dirasa kurang karena problematika sosial dan budaya semakin komplek mengikuti perkembangan zaman. Buku ini hadir untuk mejawab tantangan itu, sekaligus menawarkan konsep pewarisan pelestarian Kawasan Ekosistem Leuser (KEL) sebagai tanggung jawab bersama mejaga paru-paru dunia.
Analisa Data Epidemiologi Menggunakan R dan Epicalo
Authors:   Dosen MIPA Universitas Syiah Kuala, Kesuma Zulnila Marli
Published: May 2021

Analisa data sangatlah penting dalam riset epidemiologi. Kapasitas fasilitas komputasi yang semakin meningkat, menggerakkan seni keilmuan bidang epidemiology menuju kesamaan arah dengan kemajuan bidang komputasi. Buku ini intinya tentang mempelajari R dengan penekanan pada Epicalc. Para pembaca seharusnya memiliki latar belakang dalam dasar-dasar penggunaan computer. Dengan R, Epicalc dan data set yang disediakan, para pengguna harus mampu untuk mengikuti setiap konsep pembelajaran data manajemen, teori statistika yang terkait dan berlatih analisis data serta membuat grafik dengan baik.
Pengukuran Teknik: Dasar dan Aplikasi
Authors:   Dosen Teknik Mesin, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Rizal Muhammad
Published: May 2021

Buku ajar ini mengulas secara mendalam dasar-dasar dan aplikasi pengukuran teknik yang dapat dijadikan buku referensi untuk dosen dan mahasiswa teknik – khususnya, maupun umum. Buku ini disajikan dengan bahasa yang mudah dimengerti dan materi yang efisien dalam setiap bab. Keunggulan lainnya dalam buku ini yaitu semua gambar dan tabel tersedia dengan sangat informatif. Contoh-contoh soal dan penyelesaian dalam buku ini akan memudahkan mahasiswa untuk memecahkan dan menyelesaikan masalah yang berkaitan dengan pengukuran teknik.
Pengendalian Masalah Sosial Melalui Kearifan Lokal
Authors:   Dosen FISIP, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Masrizal Masrizal
Published: May 2021

Buku ini bertujuan untuk membantu mereka yang berminat mempelajari dan ingin memahami kebijakan Sosial. Beberapa konsep, teori dan model dalam permasalahan sosial diperkenalkan dalam membantu mendeskripsikan, menjelaskan, dan menganalisis proses pembuatan dan penetapan kebijakan sosial. Buku ini menjadi penting dalam konteks bagaimana kita seharusnya memahamai proses kebijakan sosial sebagai sesuatu yang berpengaruh secara nyata dalam kebidupan bermasyarakat. Disamping itu buku ini juga secara spesifik melihat bagaimana model kebijakan sosial dan kebijakan public dalam perspektif Islam. Disamping itu Buku ini memberikan gambaran kepada pembaca bagaimana upaya pengendalian masalah sosial melalui kearifan local. Dalam kajian ini yang menarik untuk kita simak dari berbagai pendekatan sosiologis yang dirangkum diawali melalui penelitian yang akademik yang dilakukan sendiri oleh si penulis. Hal ini dapat kita lihat pada Bab III dan IV, karena itu buku ini sangat berguna bagi mereka yang ingin mendalami ilmu kemasyarakatan, terutama mahasiswa yang menekuni bidang Sosiologi, Pekerja Sosial, Pengembangan Masyarakat Islam serta analis sosial perlu untuk menyimak lebih dalam apa yang telah ditawarkan dari berbagai analisis sosial yang digambarkan seperti analisis Pohon, Analisis-SWOT, Analisis Aktor dan berbagai pendekatan lainnya.
Mesjid Bersejarah Aceh Dalam Perspektif Kenyamanan Spasial Arsitektur
Authors:   Dosen Arsitektur, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Sari Laina Hilma , Izziah Izziah ,   Dosen Arsitektur, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Meutia Erna ,   Dosen Arsitektur, Universitas Syiah Kuala
Published: May 2021

Buku ini ditulis dengan maksud untuk melestarikan masjid tua yang syarat dengan bukti sejarah, melalui evaluasi beberapa masjid tua dan modifikasinya di Aceh. Evaluasi yang dilakukan adalah evaluasi kenyamanan spasial dari perspektif sains Arsitektur. Kenyamanan spasial secara sains arsitektur melingkupi kenyamanan termal, kenyamanan pencahayaan alami dan kenyamanan akustik ruang yang dibutuhkan untuk menghadirkan suasana khusyuk dalam beribadah. Kenyamanan spasial yang lebih harmonis dengan iklim lokal juga merupakan isu besar dalam karakter bangunan berkelanjutan. Pada buku ini, evaluasi kenyamanan spasial hanya dilakukan pada tiga (3) masjid yang sudah sangat tua yang masih memiliki bentuk asli walau sudah dimodifikasi dan masih difungsikan. Masjid yang akan diukur adalah masjid Raya Baiturrahman Banda Aceh; Masjid Indrapuri Aceh Besar; dan Masjid Teungku Dipucok Krueng, Beuracan, Pidie Jaya.
Jenis-Jenis Ikan di Kawasan PT. Mifa Bersaudara Kabupaten Aceh Barat
Authors:   Mahasiswa Pascasarjana MIPA Universitas Syiah Kuala, M. Nur Firman , Batubara Agung Setia ,   taf Pengajar FKP Universitas Syiah Kuala, Abidin Muchlisin Zainal ,   osen FKP Universitas Syiah Kuala
Published: May 2021

Keragaman spesies ikan yang ditampilkan di buku ini mempertegas pentingnya sistem perairan yang stabil di kawasan Operasional PT. Mifa Bersaudara. Dengan diterbitkannya buku ini kami berharap akan bertambahnya wawasan penanganan lingkungan dalam rangka menjaga sumber daya hayati seperti hewan biota air yang sudah langka keberadaannya, khususnya ikan. Kami juga sangat berharap dengan adanya buku ini dapat menjadi petunjuk, bahan bacaan, dan rekomendasi penelitian yang baik untuk para pecinta lingkungan, para akademisi, dan praktisi dalam rangka menjaga biota air sebagai tanggung jawab sosial dan lingkungan. Sukses selalu untuk para penulis dan para peneliti yang sudah merangkai buku ini menjadi sebuah karya yang sangat berguna nantinya.
Impact of Boko Haram Insurgency on the Socioeconomic Development of Borno State, Northern Nigeria
Authors: S.M. Sarki , B.L. Solomon , O.J. Kaka
Published: May 2021

This study examined the impact of Boko Haram Insurgency on the socio-economic development of Borno State, Nigeria. Three research objectives, three research questions and three research hypotheses were formulated to guide this study. The study was based on the Karl Marx Theory of Violence Conflict. The study was a descriptive survey and was carried out in Borno State. A sample size of 400 respondents was determined using the Taro Yamani formula. The respondents were made up of Military personnel and civilians which were selected based on a multi-stage sampling technique. Questionnaire and Interview were the instruments used for data collection. The instrument gave high reliability of 0.84 when subjected to a reliability test using the Cronbach Alpha method. Collated data from the study were analyzed using frequency, mean, standard deviation and regression analysis. Results from this study showed that there existed a weak relationship between Boko Haram insurgency and economic activities, food, security, and educational development in Borno State. The study concluded that the Boko Haram situation demands the articulation of a comprehensive strategy and the political will to address its root causes and dangerous dynamics, focusing on inhibiting opportunities for recruitment and radicalization, and choke its financial windpipe, amongst others. The study noted that the Nigerian military has too often taken civilian casualties too easy into account. By killing citizens in the North, the population's frustration against the military increases, thereby increasing Boko Haram's appeal as an alternative. Thus, it recommended that the government should rather put its focus on the protection of civilians, witnesses and key peacemakers such as moderate Imams who preach against the insurgency.
Agro morphological diversity of Yams (Dioscorea spp.) Landraces from Southwest Ethiopia assessed through quantitative and qualitative traits
Authors: Mulualem Tewodros , Mekbib Firew , Hussein Shimelis , Gebre Endale
Published: May 2021

Yams (Dioscorea spp.) are an important crop widely cultivated for food, feed and medicine in different areas of the world. Knowledge on genetic diversity among yam landraces is essential for breeding and conservation strategies. The objective of this study was to assess the level of genetic diversity present among yam landraces using morphological traits. Thirty-six yam landraces were phenotyped at at Jimma Agricultural Research Center during 2015/16 growing season. The experiment was laid out in 6x6 simple lattice design with two replications. Data were collected on nine quantitative and ten qualitative traits, and subjected to hierarchal cluster, correlation and principal component analyses. A dendrogram was constructed using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean. Tuber fresh weight showed a positive and significant association with tuber length and tuber diameter. The principal component analysis revealed five important principal components that accounted for 56.9% of the total variation observed among landraces. Principal components 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively, correlated with leaf length, leaf width and vine length A dendrogram revealed three main clusters of landraces. The most diverse landraces identified were 27/02, 21/02, 06/2000 and 68/02, which are useful for breeding and conservation. The diversity observed among the yam landraces could be useful in improvement of yams for various traits.
Corrosion of carbon steel in formic acid as an organic pollutant under the influence of concentration cell
Authors: Abbas Suzan T. , Hasan Basim O.
Published: May 2021

The presence of contaminants in water even in small amounts can cause considerablecorrosion damages of metals. This is due to free corrosion effect or the formation ofconcentration cell of pollutants resulting in a galvanic effect. The current work was devotedto study the effect of formic acid (CH2O2) as an organic pollutant on the corrosion rate ofcarbon steel under different operating conditions. It includes an investigation of galvaniccorrosion caused by the establishment of concentration cell of formic acid under differentoperating conditions. The ranges of operating parameters were formic acid concentration of10-4 - 10-5 M and temperature of 32 - 50 °C. The results showed that increasing formic acidconcentration to 10-4 M leads to an increase in the corrosion rate by up to 7.6 times that inthe water of 0.1N NaCl. In addition, the corrosion rate in each terminal in concentrationcell also increased by up to 2.3 times. Pumping of air in formic acid solution led to aconsiderable increase in the corrosion rates and enhances the concentration cell effectwhich increases the galvanic currents. High increase of corrosion rate was noticed bypumping the air at high temperature reaching up to 4 times depending on temperature. Ingeneral, the galvanic currents were high initially and decreased with time due to theformation of corrosion product layer. The increase in temperature from 25 to 50 oC causedan increase in the galvanic corrosion rate reached up to 2 times in formic acid solution. Inaddition, the galvanic currents were noticed to decrease with temperature while thecorrosion rate of each terminal was increased.
Oil initially in place calculation by geologic and dynamic methods in Nahr Umar formation of Nasiriya oil field
Authors: Suhail Ahmed A. , Kadhim Fadhil S. , Hafiz Mohammed H.
Published: May 2021

Original oil in place is most critical stages of reservoir management, where the economic advantage of the reservoir is evaluated by estimation of the petrophysical properties and oil reserves. This work was carried out in five wells of Nasiriya oilfield, which is one of the Iraqi oil fields in the southern region. The aim of this study is to calculate oil in place from available data in Nahr Umar formation, having a complex lithology by two methods (static and simulation). It was found that the static model used for computing the petrophysical distribution oil in place was equal to (114  MM or 716 MM STB) and 117 MM  or 734 MM STB for the dynamic one
A model-based machine learning to develop a PLC control system for Rumaila degassing stations
Authors: Al-Radhi Mohammed Salah Hamza , Al-Kamil Safa Jameel Dawood , Tamás Szakács
Published: May 2021

Degassing station breakdowns can be dangerous to the operator health and the environment. Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are key modules of manufacturing control systems that are applied in the complex oil and gas units to reduce manpower and unnecessary faults. However, feeding a PLC with data is a difficult part due to the need of system log files which records all events that occur in the oil fields and provide visibility to a given environment. Moreover, most critical chemical processing plants and oil distributions are visualized and inspected by Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Systems (SCADA). These systems have been focused on safety, and there are issues that they could be the target of worldwide terrorists. Along with the frequently rising internet-related attacks, there is indication that our degassing stations may similarly be susceptible; for that reason, it is essential to secure PLC and SCADA from undesired incidents. Recently, machine learning (ML) has been increasing interest in industrial systems to detect, identify, and store information. Therefore, we propose to apply an advance ML based on deep neural networks to the PLC system with the purpose of: 1) detecting anomalous or irregular PLC actions; 2) Optimizing the operation of systems and its facilities; 3) allowing the equipment to respond to changing and novel scenarios; 4) Making predictive maintenance possible. The SIMATIC S7-1214 CPU universal TIA platform was used as the main decision-making module. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and utility of the proposed approach to process large amounts of data analytics and sensor measurements, allows it to spot potential problems and provide possible solutions.
Using Internet of Things Techniques to Measure Parameters of Oil Tanks
Authors: Abbod Ali A. , Zwyer Nour Basim
Published: May 2021

Systems change currently response to the requirements of modern society where theemergence of a lot of sensors and controllers in all forms it led to the use of IoT thatmake things connect with Internet These technologies provide advanced functionalityfor enterprises and oil installations to transmit data in real time to avoid flood and firesituations in oil Tanks.The system consists of two stations: the tank station and the control station formonitoring and controlling the level and temperature of the products and the detectionof fire. Where, the tank station is equipped with three sensors, which are level,temperature, fire sensors.The connection between the tank station and the control station is wireless connectionby XBee. The control station is to display data to the user via graphical user interfacethat were programmed by Visual Basic.net and stored in a local database designed bySQL Server simultaneously sending data to the Think Speak so that authorized personscan access the data remotely.The system tested for several months proved during this period that it has the abilityto address some problems such as floods and fires where it gives alerts before theproblem occurs.
Study the Effect of Alkaline and Surfactants on Improving Iraqi Crude Oil Recovery
Authors: Shakir Mayadah Nayyef , Abdulaameer Haidar , Hassan Qussay Abed , Khalaf Hussain , Jawad Saad Saleh
Published: May 2021

This research aims to study the effect of using alkaline (caustic) and surfactant materials to improve the recovery of Iraqi crude oil under laboratory conditions.

Flooding tests were carried out by using solutions of two alkalines (NaOH, Na2CO3) and two anionic surfactants materials were prepared at three concentrations ( 0.5%, 1%,  2 % )  using  sand  packs with ( 8.5 cm )  length  and   ( 6.5 cm ) diameter, which is saturated with tap water and then saturated with Basrah crude oil of 40 APIo density and 39.5 cp viscosity. The results were compared with the results of flooding tests by tap water and  2wt% brine water.

In tests that tap water and 2wt% brine water were used as a primary recovery a secondary recovery had been tested by using materials that gave highest recovery, the results showed an increase in the recovery and the highest value was 50% by using 0.5% surfactant no.2. 

The research showed different effects of these solutions. In general, alkalines type showed an increase in recovery factor vs. concentration, but surfactant type showed decrease in the recovery factor vs. concentration. Also, the results showed that the recovery by using surfactant no.2 were the best respective to other materials, and the highest recovery obtained was 90.9 at 0.5%.
Integration of NMR, Conventional Logs and Core Data to Improve Formation Evaluation of a Gas Reservoir in Kangan and Dalan Formation, Iran
Authors: Bagheri Ali Mohammad , Mohammadnia Mohammad , Karimi Ghafor
Published: May 2021

Conventional log based reservoir characterization of a gas reservoir in the Kangan and Dalan formations have recently been improved by application of the nuclear magnetic resonance log (NMR).

   Important reservoir properties such as permeability, pore size distribution and capillary pressure curves can be estimated from NMR. These parameters are simulated directly in the laboratory on core samples recovered from the reservoir. Due to high cost associated with coring and some technical problems, few wells in any given field are cored.

   The only problem of NMR measurements in gas reservoirs is that in gas-bearing zones, total NMR porosity read much less than actual porosity due to low hydrogen index of the gas. This problem was solved by integration of NMR porosity with conventional well logs such as density and sonic and compared with core porosity. Improved porosity calculation lead to better core independent permeability estimation on the wells logged with NMR.

    NMR T2 distribution was calibrated with laboratory derived pore size distribution in 7 samples and a constant scaling factor was derived for each rock type to predict a pseudo pore size distribution from NMR.

Logarithmic mean of pore size distribution in 4 wells with NMR was integrated with conventional logs in an artificial neural network to predict a pseudo pore size distribution logarithmic mean (PPSDLM) in the wells without NMR.

   PPSDLM and conventional well logs were involved to an electrofacies modeling to predict electrofacies in the reservoir for characterization of heterogeneity of the reservoir in 3D geological model. NMR permeability was also imported to the model as an associated log to predict facies base permeability.

   To test the permeability prediction, estimated permeability was compared with core derived permeability on 2 cored wells to see how well, estimated permeability fitted the actual core permeability.
Surge Pressure Effect on Crude Oil Export Pipelines to Petroleum Ports
Authors: Hussain Dr.Mohammad Nasir , Ibrahim Huda Khalil , Hasan Ahmed  kareem , Haddar Ahmed Abdul Jaleel
Published: May 2021

Pressure surges in pipelines are created by a change in momentum of the moving stream (e.g. valve closure). The occurrence of pressure surges should be determined by transient pressure analysis .Surge pressures are particularly critical for pipelines transporting liquid fluids, because of the high density and lower compressibility compared to gaseous fluids. Although damping of  the pressure wave initiated at the point of blockage occurs as it travels upstream, surge may in some cases result in the highest pipeline pressure at a location well upstream of the point of origin. This may occur in particular for liquid pipelines in hilly terrain.

Methods of preventing the generation of unacceptably high surge pressures including valve closure speed reduction or special fast-response pressure relief systems close to the point of surge initiation. If not sufficient, strict adherence to well formulated operating procedures should be implemented.

   In our research we presented the factors that may contribute in the happening of surge phenomenon and with the use of computer calculations and experimental work we gave some solutions to  prevent it. Depending on Joukowsky equation we noticed that for crude oil that each time when decreasing the valve opening the pressure will increase .in experimental part we also made tests on gas oil by using  a system in petroleum research and development center the results showed that as the valve closed the pressure increase where we get maximum pressure of 42 psi.
Using Well Logs Data in Logfacies Determination By Applying the Cluster Analysis technique for Khasib Formation, Amara Oil Field, South Eastern Iraq
Authors: Al-Baldawi Buraq Adnan Hussein
Published: May 2021

Reservoir facies determination is the most important job in oil industry which dominantlyrelies on the major properties of rocks. Fundamental properties of rocks are usually understoodby their detailed description in the field (lithofacies analysis) and laboratory (petrofaciesanalysis). The facies (lithofacies and petrofacies) determination in most subsurface studies isimpractical, due to lack of cores and cuttings. In such situations, where the wire line logs arethe only data available, the logfacies or electrofacies are determined instead. In this study, theavailable logs (gamma ray, density,Neutron, and sonic logs) for four wells (Am-1, Am-4, Am-5, and Am-6) were used to predicate logfacies of Khasib Formation in Amara oil field. UsingCluster Analysis in this study practiced the logfacies determination in each unit of khasibFormation in Amara oil Field using Interactive Petrophysics software. The types of input datainto Interactive Petrophysics software to determine logfacies are available logs which are usedto create 15 clusters and determine five groups of logfacies. In this paper, the verticalvariations of logfacies for Khasib Formation are carried out based on five groups of logfacies.These groups of logfacies are classified based on responses of well logs after divided KhasibFormation into three units :( upper, middle and lower Khasib). In order to estimate the ratio ofexistence of logfacies, the histogram of logfacies was built for each unit of Khasib Formationin studied wells.
Treatment of oily water containing different salts using surfactants
Authors: Mousa Asst. Prof. Dr. Khalid M. , Arafat Chief Eng. Aqeel Sheikha
Published: May 2021

The oil drilling operations large quantities of contaminted water known as "produced water" .  

The present study aims to treatment of produced water of the North Rumaila and Zubair oil fields,using stainless steel autoclave. A series of experiments were carried out at different conditions,temperature, pressure, acidity, revolution per minute (RPM) and salinity with and without flocculation.The result showed that 93% of oil was removed. An improvement was conducted when usingsurfactants.
Gypsum Mud Rheological Behavior
Authors: AL-Hashimi Wissam H.
Published: May 2021

Gypsum muds are considered as the most important ones used in oil well drilling due to their thermal stability in addition to the durability of their ingredients. The main aim of this work is to study the effect of the gypsum mud compositions on their rheological behavior under the conditions of high-pressure and high temperature. Eleven samples of gypsum mud were tested using Fann viscometer model 50-C. All the tested samples had the same trend of reduction in both plastic viscosity and yield point with increasing temperature. The results showed that with 5 ppb of Q Broxine thermal degradation is obtained at approximately    150 0 F; this is due to the over treatment with thinner which result in more soluble solids and higher rheological properties while the decrement in NaOH concentration from 0.7 ppb to 0.35 ppb results in an increase in both yield point and plastic viscosity; this is due to the loss of OH-1 ions.   Six rheological models were adopted: Bingham, power law, modified power law, Robertson stiff, modified Robertson stiff and Casson. Both Robertson stiff model and Casson model showed more acceptable values that fit the experimental data accurately.
Aplikasi Penilaian Improvement Activity (Kaizen) Menggunakan Metode Point System pada PT. Honeywell Indonesia
Authors: Niel Hilwert Simbolon  , Ilivia  , Ricak Agus Setiawan
Published: May 2021

Manajemen penilaian terhadap evaluasi kinerja pada perusahaan yang dilakukan secara tidak terstruktur dan dengan proses manual akan menyebabkan sistem pengambilan keputusan oleh pimpinan tidak akurat. Hal ini tentu akan sangat merugikan perusahaan asing terutama pada Honeywell Aerospace yang merupakan perusahaan bergerak dibidang elektronik navigasi pesawat terbang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa semua faktor-faktor penghambat pada proses evaluasi kinerja terhadap aktivitas Kaizen (improvement activity) yang akan dipecahkan dengan suatu sistem integrasi dengan metode point system untuk menyederhanakan proses penilaian kerja secara manual menjadi proses satu pintu secara otomatis. Pada sistem yang sedang berjalan, perusahaan Honeywell pada departemen HOS (Honeywell Operating System) masih menggunakan sistem manual yang harus mencatat setiap data hasil kinerja suatu aktivitas Kaizen dan menyerahkan formulir opportunity sheet untuk proses penilaian. Yang kemudian hasil penilaian masih akan di proses secara ulang di input ke dalam Microsoft Excel. Dengan metode point system dapat mengakomodir kebutuhan, karena sistem ini mampu memberikan value/nilai pada setiap kegiatan/pekerjaan dalam organisasi dengan lebih obyektif, sesuai dengan beban setiap pekerjaan masing-masing, sehingga mengurangi perdebatan dalam penyusunan kebijakan tentang compensation. Hasil dari penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk membangun suatu program aplikasi yang paling diminati dan popular untuk mempercepat terlaksananya suatu proses penilaian aktivitas Kaizen. Program aplikasi dibangun terintegrasi dengan metode point system yang terstruktur dan juga proses Auto Email yang secara otomatis mengirim notifikasi kepada manager setelah proses inputan selesai. Hasil akhir dari penelitian adalah berupa suatu program aplikasi sebagai Sistem Pendukung Keputusan yang dapat mengolah proses penilaian dan menyajikan data laporan secara instan dengan hanya klik pada form menu satu untuk semua (one for all).
Buku Dongeng Timun Mas Berbasis Augmented Reality Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Untuk Anak
Authors: Abdulghani Tarmin , Ramadhan Bagus , Jayusman Yus
Published: May 2021

Bermain merupakan suatau aktivitas yang dilakukan untuk bersenang-senang maupun mengisi waktu luang, seiring berkembanganya teknologi banyak permainan yang diciptakan secara digital yang dapat dimainkan kapan dan dimana saja melalui perangkat smartphone atau komputer. Selain untuk bersenang-senang atau mengisi waktu luang permainan dapat dikembangkan sebagai media pembelajaran. Media pembelajaran merupakan suatu alat pengantar untuk belajar, media pembelajaran yang tepat dapat membuat pebelajar dengan mudah menerima materi yang ingin disampaikan sambil bersenang-senang. Salah satu media pembelajaran dapat menggunakan Augmented Reality.