bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Activity of insecticides on coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) (Coleoptera: curculionidae, scolytinae)
Authors: Metellus Dieudilait Metellus , Sampaio Marcus Vinicius , Celoto Fernando Juari
Published: May 2020

The objective of this work was to evaluate the topical, residual and agronomic effects of the insecticides Voliam Targo, Benevia, Lorsban 480 BR, Curbix 200 SC, Sperto, Verismo, Polytrin 400/40 CE, Curyom 550 EC, Polo 500 SC and Vertimec 18 EC in the control of the berry borer of coffee (H. hampei). The experimental design was completely randomized and four replicates were used in the trials. In the laboratory, a direct spray was sprayed on the insect (topical effect) and applied to the fruits of the coffee (residual contamination). In both experiments, each plot consisted of a Petri dish lined with filter paper, 10 fruits in the green stage and 10 adult females of the berry borer, originating from artificial breeding. Two field experiments were carried out at Campus Glória Experimental Farm. The first one was carried out with the objective of evaluating the residual effect of the insecticides on artificial infestation of the berry borer after applying the products to fruits at the beginning of maturation. The number of perforated fruits, dead females, number of eggs and larvae were evaluated in laboratory and field experiments. The second field experiment had as objective to evaluate the effectiveness in controlling the natural population of the berry borer. Two applications were performed with a 30-day interval, using a motorized turbocharger. The number of fruits bored in 50 fruits per plot and percentage of seeds bored in a sample of 250 seeds per replicate were evaluated. In the laboratory, all insecticides provided mortality higher than 80% in topical application and greater than 73% by residual contamination, except the insecticide Polo 500 SC, which provided a 55% mortality. In the field experiment with artificial infestation, all the insecticides differed from the control, maintaining residual control until 30 days after application and with mortality higher than 70%, reaching up to 100% of mortality. In the test with natural berry borer females infestation the insecticides differed from the control in all evaluated parameters, showed efficacy higher than 75% at 35 days after the second application. The insecticides Voliam Targo, Lorsban 480 BR, Curbix 200 SC, Sperto, Polytrin 400/40 CE and Verismo presented the best control results, being indicated for use in the management of the berry borer of coffee.
Effect of light and sucrose on photoautotrophic and photomixotrophic micropropagation of Physalis angulata
Authors: Santos Gustavo C , Cardoso Felipe P , Martins Adalvan D , Pasqual Moacir , Ossani Paulo C , Queiroz José Magno , Rezende Renata A L S , Dória Joyce
Published: May 2020

The biotechnological interest in genus Physalis has increased in the last decades, however, there are still few micropropagation studies of this genus. The objective of this study was to evaluate P. angulata photoautotrophic and photomixotrophic micropropagation with gas exchange under seven light spectra and five concentrations of sucrose. Lighting were yellow, blue, white, red, green, red + blue LEDs and natural light filtered by mesh. Sucrose concentrations were 0, 7.5, 15, 22.5 and 30 g.L-1. Phytotechnical, anatomical features and photopigment contents were evaluated through stem and root segment length, leaf number, leaf area, chlorophyll a and b contents, carotenoids, adaxial epidermis, palisadic and spongy parenchyma and abaxial epidermis. The data were compared by Scott-Knott's mean test and principal components analysis using the R software. Comparing the variables within lighting types, it was observed that only the screen treatment, screen-filtered natural illumination, obtained assessment in all variables. Comparing the levels of sucrose, it was observed that the treatment 15 g.L-1 sucrose obtained the highest number of averages with maximum evaluation. It was concluded that the natural light filtered by screen with 50% of shading allowed the photoautotrophic micropropagation of P. angulata. Better development results were observed in photomixotrophic micropropagation with 15 g.L-1 of sucrose.
Exposure of workers to occupational heat during the application of phytosanitary products in coffee crop
Authors: Ramirio Lucas Deleon , Sabino Paulo Henrique Siqueira , Oliveira Júnior Geraldo Gomes de , Silva Adriano Bortolotti da , Pereira Wilson Roberto
Published: May 2020

During the application of phytosanitary products in coffee trees, workers may be exposed to temperatures that could compromise their health. Exposure to occupational heat can lead to progressive dehydration, cramps, exhaustion and the possibility of thermal shock. Thus, knowing the levels of occupational heat that workers are exposed becomes important. This study aimed to evaluate workers’ occupational exposure to heat during the application of phytosanitary products with manual costal pump in the coffee crops. The case study was developed at the IFSULDEMINAS school farm - Campus Inconfidentes in the months of September and October 2017. The occupational heat in the coffee crop was evaluated using the WBGTAVERAGE method, using TGD 400 thermal stress meter. The WBGT values found were compared to the exposure limits of NR 15 for the purposes of insalubrity classification and with NHO 06 for acclimatized and non-acclimatized workers. The results showed that the WBGT found is below the tolerance limit of NR 15, for the month of September. In October, the tolerance limit was exceeded in the period from 11:00 a.m. to 2:59 p.m., considering a continuous heavy activity and rest in the workplace, and the activity considered unhealthy. Considering the criteria of the NHO 06 it was observed that the limits of occupational exposure were exceeded in the month of October, for acclimatized and non-acclimatized workers. In September the occupational exposure limit of NHO 06 was exceeded only for non-acclimated workers. Therefore, the workers should be submitted to acclimatization during the phytosanitary application activity in the month of October.
Microbial responses to doses of cover plant straw in cerrado piauiense oxisol
Authors: Amorim Sarah Priscilla do Nascimento , Boechat Cacio Luiz , Duarte Lizandra de Sousa Luz , Oliveira Daniela Fernandes de , Medeiros João Carlos , Arauco Adriana Miranda de Santana
Published: May 2020

Carbon and nitrogen from the soil microbial biomass play a significant role in the rotation of C and N, and promote nutrient cycling. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the soil microbial biomass with growing doses of cover plant straw species. The cover plants cultivated in the cerrado biome region were incorporated an Oxisol Ustox. The straw of each cover plant was incorporated at doses of 0; 10; 20 and 30 Mg ha-1. The soil basal respiration was determined by incubating, after 21 days. The microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were determined by the method the microwave irradiation. The microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents in extracts were determined by the wet combustion method and Kjeldahl-N. The metabolic quotient was calculated as the ratio between soil basal respiration rate and microbial biomass C, and the microbial quotient as the ratio between soil microbial biomass C and total carbon of soil. The soil microbial population measured by the attributes of quality responds to the addition of the of grass and legume straws incorporated to the soil; The treatments that cause the greatest stress to the microbial population, at 21 days, mediated by the metabolic quotient, are guandu-anão at a dose of 10 Mg ha-1; Guandu-anão and Guandu fava-larga at 20 Mg ha-1 and Brachiária at a dose of 30 Mg ha-1; The best result regarding microbial attributes of soil quality evaluated was observed with the incorporation of all doses of the straw of Crotalaria-ocroleuca.
Production components of crambe in paraiba semi-arid region with nitrogen fertilization and different spacings
Authors: Oliveira Luan Dantas de , Chaves Lúcia Helena Garófalo , Cavalcante Antonio Ramos , Souza Felipe Guedes de , Vasconcelos Ana Carolina Feitosa de , Araujo Jucilene Silva
Published: May 2020

Crambe (Crambe abyssinica H.), a promising species in the production of biodiesel, has low planting cost, high oil content and easy extraction, besides being an alternative for the crop rotation system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilization and line spacing on the production components and yield of the crambe crop under semi-arid conditions. The study was conducted under field conditions in the experimental area of the National Semi-Arid Institute-INSA, located in the city of Campina Grande-PB. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in 4 x 2 factorial scheme, consisting of four nitrogen doses (30, 60, 90, 120 kg ha-1) with two spacings between planting lines (0.20 and 0.40 meters) with three replications, totaling 24 experimental plots. The evaluated parameters were: number of siliques per plant, dry weight of shoots, number of branches (primary and secondary), primary stem length, number of siliques per stem, mass of 1000 grains and productivity. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, in which the nitrogen doses (quantitative factor) were compared by regression analysis. The different spacings were compared by means of a t-test at the 0.05 probability level by using statistical software SISVAR version 5.2. Nitrogen fertilization at 0.40 m spacing between the planting lines led to the best results for the production components, and the highest productivity was obtained at 0.20 m spacing of with nitrogen fertilization of 120 kg ha-1.
ADVOKASI BURUH DALAM PEMENUHAN HAK KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA
Authors: Ramadhan Aroisy
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang bagaimana Advokasi SERBUK Indonesia dalam pemenuhan hak keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja dan mengungkapkan tentang hambatan dan tantangan yang dihadapi oleh Federasi SERBUK dalam melakukan  advokasi  tersebut. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif. Peneliti mengkumpulkan data menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang dilakukan menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Uji validitas  data  dalam  penelitian  ini  menggunakan   metode keabsahan data triangulasi, dimana metode ini digunakan sebagai pembanding antara hasil wawancara dengan dokumen yang diperoleh peneliti di lapangan. Dalam menjalankan advokasi sebagai serikat buruh menggunakan dua metode advokasi, pertama yaitu advokasi kelas yang dilakukan oleh Federasi SERBUK Indonesia dengan mewakili suatu kelompok dalam penelitian ini adalah kaum buruh yang diperjuangkan untuk mendapatkan hak K3. Kedua adalah advokasi kasus yang dilakukan dengan cara menyelesaikan permasalahan kasus individu yang dihadapi buruh dengan bantuan serikat. Hambatan yang dialami oleh Federasi SERBUK yaitu anggota yang kurang kompeten, pasif dan, tidak prinsipil. Sedangkan tantangan yang dihadapi oleh SERBUK adalah tindak intimidasi dari perusahaan, dan stigma kawan buruh lain yang memandang sebelah mata kepada serikat yang dekat dengan partai.Kata Kunci : Advokasi, Serikat Buruh, Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja
PENGARUH PENERIMAAN ORANG TUA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN EMOSI ANAK DIFABEL
Authors: Zahroh Shofiyatuz
Published: May 2020

Anak difabel adalah anak yang memiliki kemampuan berbeda dari anak pada umunya, namun kenyataannya masyarakat masih memandang difabel sebagai anak yang “cacat”. Sehingga, hal ini berpengaruh pada sikap orang tua terhadap anak difabel. Sikap orang tua yang ditunjukkan terhadap anak difabel ada yang menerima dan ada yang menolak kehadiran anak difabel, yang merupakan bagian dari reaksi psikologis orang tua. Permasalahan yang diteliti adalah apakah penerimaan orang tua mempengaruhi perkembangan emosi anak difabel. Kemudian, dari permasalahan tersebut, ditentukan hipotesis kerja yaitu ada pengaruh antara penerimaan orang tua terhadap perkembangan emosi anak difabel di Desa Bragung. Untuk menelaah masalah tersebut, digunakan variabel penerimaan orang tua (X) sebagai variabel bebas dan perkembangan emosi anak difabel (Y) sebagai variable terikat. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua orang tua yang memiliki anak difabel di Desa Bragung. Sedangkan teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah sampel populasi yaitu, orang tua dengan anak difabel yang berjumlah 40 orang. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah skala penerimaan orang tua dan skala perkembangan emosi anak difabel. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu, tingkat penerimaan orang tua adalah 47,5% berada pada kategori rendah. Sedangkan tingkat perkembangan emosi anak difabel (a) tunanetra 45,5% berada pada kategori rendah, (b) tunarungu 33,33% berada pada kategori seimbang, (c) tunagrahita 60% berada pada kategori rendah, (d) tunadaksa 60% berada pada kategori rendah. Analisis data penelitian ini menggunakan bantuan komputer program SPSS 16.0 for windows yang menunjukkan korelasi positif dan signifikan antara penerimaan orang tua dengan perkembangan emosi anak difabel (a) tunanetra 0,723, (b) tunarungu 0,706, (c) tunagrahita 0,780, (d) tunadaksa 0,665. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Ha diterima karena Rhitung > Rtabel. Kata kunci: Penerimaan orang tua, perkembangan emosi, anak difabel
Kształcenie polonistyczne, kształcenie humanistyczne
Authors: Jaskółowa Ewa
Published: May 2020

Recenzja książki Krzysztofa Koca Lekcje myślenia (obywatelskiego) Edukacja polonistyczna wobec współczesnego świata
Akademickie konfrontacje z „polskim”. Refleksje o językowej dydaktyce na niepolonistyce
Authors: Wileczek Anna
Published: May 2020

Celem niniejszego tekstu jest próba rekonstrukcji statusu, rangi i roli przedmiotów realizujących treści z zakresu językoznawstwa polonistycznego (wiedza o języku, kultura języka polskiego, pragmatyka językowa itp.) w kształceniu uniwersyteckim, ale poza filologią polską. Ogląd badawczy obejmował dwa obszary: dokumenty (wybrane karty przedmiotów) oraz reprezentacje społeczne wskazanych przedmiotów w obrębie dwóch głównych uczestników procesu uczenia się: studentów i wykładowców. Wnioski pokazują, że zajęcia rozwijające kompetencję komunikacyjną i pragmatyczną są oczekiwane w programach studiów, ale powinny być sfunkcjonalizowane, ściśle ukierunkowane pod kątem zawodowym i metodycznie interesujące.
Oblicza Ireny Sendlerowej. Wizerunek Sprawiedliwej wśród Narodów Świata w relacjach uratowanych przez nią dzieci oraz w debacie publicznej po roku 2000
Authors: SUSZKIEWICZ KATARZYNA
Published: May 2020

Artykuł ma na celu analizowanie przemian wizerunku Ireny Sendlerowej – Sprawiedliwej wśród Narodów Świata, działaczki Rady Pomocy Żydom „Żegota”. W pracy uwypuklone zostały dwa oblicza Sendlerowej: matczyne, takie, jakie zachowały w pamięci uratowane przez nią dzieci oraz heroiczne – wykreowane w przestrzeni publicznej po roku 2000. W artykule jej postać ukazana została na tle przemian w postrzeganiu relacji polsko-żydowskich w Polsce.
Molecular, serological, and biochemical diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19: IFCC taskforce evaluation of the latest evidence
Authors: Bohn Mary Kathryn , Lippi Giuseppe , Horvath Andrea , Sethi Sunil , Koch David , Ferrari Maurizio , Wang Cheng-Bin , Mancini Nicasio , Steele Shannon , Adeli Khosrow
Published: May 2020

The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has presented major challenges for clinical laboratories, from initial diagnosis to patient monitoring and treatment. Initial response to this pandemic involved the development, production, and distribution of diagnostic molecular assays at an unprecedented rate, leading to minimal validation requirements and concerns regarding their diagnostic accuracy in clinical settings. In addition to molecular testing, serological assays to detect antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are now becoming available from numerous diagnostic manufacturers. In both cases, the lack of peer-reviewed data and regulatory oversight, combined with general misconceptions regarding their appropriate use, have highlighted the importance of laboratory professionals in robustly validating and evaluating these assays for appropriate clinical use. The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) Task Force on COVID-19 has been established to synthesize up-to-date information on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and laboratory diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19, as well as to develop practical recommendations on the use of molecular, serological, and biochemical tests in disease diagnosis and management. This review summarizes the latest evidence and status of molecular, serological, and biochemical testing in COVID-19 and highlights some key considerations for clinical laboratories operating to support the global fight against this ongoing pandemic. Confidently this consolidated information provides a useful resource to laboratories and a reminder of the laboratory’s critical role as the world battles this unprecedented crisis.
Comparison the effects of inhalation and massage aromatherapy with lavender and sweet orange on fatigue in hemodialysis patients: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Varaei Shokoh , Jalalian Zahra , Yekani Nejad Mir Saeed , Shamsizadeh Morteza
Published: May 2020

Objectives

Fatigue, regardless of the causes, could leave a negative impact on individual performance. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of inhalation and massage aromatherapy with lavender and sweet orange on fatigue among hemodialysis patients.

Methods

This study was a randomized controlled trial. The patients (96 patients) were allocated to three groups (control, an inhalation aromatherapy, and an aromatherapy massage group). A demographic questionnaire as well as the rhoten fatigue scale (RFS) was used to collect the data. The data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics using SPSS version 18.

Results

Before the intervention, there was no significant difference among the groups regarding fatigue level (p=0.54). However, eight and 16 weeks after the study, the levels of fatigue in both experimental groups were significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Interventions with essential oils are effective in reducing fatigue in hemodialysis patients, although the effects of aromatherapy massage on fatigue are stronger than the effects of inhalation aromatherapy.
Preparation of skeletally diverse quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones using Na2SiO3/SnFe2O4 catalytic system through a four-component reaction
Authors: Ayambekam Fazilat , Ghashang Majid
Published: May 2020

Sodium silicate with the formula of Na2SiO3 was used for the four-component reaction of ketones, aldehydes and cyanoacetamide. The effect of SnFe2O4 nano-particles on the catalytic potential of Na2SiO3 was investigated. The desired products synthesized by this method are 5-amino-7-aryl-2,4-dioxo-2,3,4,4a,7,7a,8,9,10,11-decahydro-1H-benzo[i]quinazoline-6-carbonitriles, 5-amino-2,4-dioxo-7-aryl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,7a,8,10,11-decahydropyrano[3,4-i] quinazoline-6-carbonitrile, 5-amino-9-methyl-2,4-dioxo-7-aryl-2,3,4,4a,7,7a,8,9,10,11-decahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-i] quinazoline-6-carbonitrile and 5-amino-2,4-dioxo-7-aryl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,7a,8,10,11-decahydrothiopyrano[3,4-i]quinazo-line-6-carbonitrile derivatives. This method has advantages of high yields, simple procedure and easy work-up.
Negative Dialectics before Object-Oriented Philosophy: Negation and Event
Authors: Novis Kenneth
Published: May 2020

An important question in Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO) and its associated literature is how OOO relates to its competitor theories. This article is a meta-philosophical investigation into OOO and its grounding, which hopes to fully theorise this relation, deriving ultimately a “negative dialectic” that emphasises the irreducible differences between OOO and non-OOO. Beginning by analysing the use of OOO as a “starting point”, I consider Althusser’s various contributions to meta-philosophical debates. This leads me to focus on Harman’s notion of “hyperbolic reading”, and on how attempts to hyperbolically ground OOO force it to immanently include its competitors. Finally, I apply these insights to systematise both the negative dialectical relation between OOO and non-OOO and the becoming-OOO of thinking, by applying Laruelle’s Non-Philosophy.
The sociology of sport in Spain: Development, current situation, and future challenges
Authors: Sánchez-García Raúl , Moscoso-Sánchez David , Piedra Joaquín
Published: May 2020

This article presents the development and current situation of the sociology of sport in Spain. It begins with a brief description of its origins and development as an academic field, which can be divided into three stages: birth, growth, and consolidation and internationalization. It then describes the theoretical and methodological traditions as well as the predominant topics (including the most representative research) in the social scientific studies on physical activity conducted so far in Spain. The main topics have been sports in society, sports controversies, the social sports structure, sports identities and spaces for practicing sports, organization, management, and the job market. The article concludes with an analysis of the possible future challenges for the sociology of sport in Spain and the role that the journalSociología del Deporte(Sociology of Sport) can play in view of these challenges.
Wie weit trägt der Dritte Weg? Gegenwärtige Entwicklungstendenzen der arbeitsmarktpolitischen Programmatik der SPD
Authors: Illan Luis
Published: May 2020

Die Orientierung an einem „Dritten Weg“ führte um die Jahrtausendwende zu einer tiefgreifenden Neujustierung sozialdemokratischer Programmatiken. Mit Blick auf den Bereich der Arbeitsmarktpolitik markierte dies eine Hinwendung zum Leitbild eines aktivierenden Wohlfahrtsstaates. Nach anfänglichen Wahlerfolgen legen nun jedoch auch wissenschaftliche Beobachter/-innen nahe, in dieser Reformpolitik einen Grund für die derzeitige Krise der Sozialdemokratie zu sehen. Zugleich fallen auch führende Politiker der SPD in jüngster Zeit durch Bemühungen auf, die Partei vom ehemaligen Reformkurs während der Kanzlerschaft Gerhard Schröders zu distanzieren. Der Artikel untersucht, inwiefern dies zu einer programmatischen Abkehr der SPD vom Dritten Weg mit Blick auf arbeitsmarktpolitische Positionen führt.
Disciplining Polenta: A Parody on the Politics of Saving Food
Authors: Nowak Zachary , Jones Bradley M. , Ascione Elisa
Published: May 2020

This article begins with a parody, a fictitious set of regulations for the production of “traditional” Italian polenta. Through analysis of primary and secondary historical sources we then discuss the various meanings of which polenta has been the bearer through time and space in order to emphasize the mutability of the modes of preparation, ingredients, and the social value of traditional food products. Finally, we situate polenta within its broader cultural, political, and economic contexts, underlining the uses and abuses of rendering foods as traditional—a process always incomplete, often contested, never organic. In stirring up the past and present of polenta and placing it within both the projects of Italian identity creation and the broader scholarly literature on culinary tradition and taste, we emphasize that for so-called traditional foods to be saved, they must be continually reinvented.
The Yeoman Myth: A Troubling Foundation of the Beginning Farmer Movement
Authors: Calo Adam
Published: May 2020

Aging farmer demographics and declining agricultural trends provoke policy makers, farmer advocacy groups, and food system scholars to ask, “Who will do the work of farming in the future?” One response to this concern has been the rise of a “beginning farmer” narrative, where the goal of creating new farmers emerges as a key aspirational food systems reform mechanism. In this vision, young and beginning farmers will seize the transitioning lands from retiring farmers and bring with them an alternative system that is ecologically minded, open to new innovations, and socially oriented. Given the flurry of governmental, nonprofit, and private sector activity spurred by this vision, this article asks, what are the ideological drivers of the beginning farmer construct, and what are the consequences for the goals associated with a just food system transition? Invoking the concept of mythology, this article examines the character of the American beginning farmer narrative. The narrative is shown to appeal to a particular land use vision, one based on ideals of individual land ownership, single proprietor farming, neoliberal logics of change, and whiteness. In a sense, the beginning farmer movement embraces a yeoman mythology, a powerful force underwriting the American dream. The consequence of this embrace has problematic outcomes for the transformative potential of a politically engaged beginning farmer constituency. Embracing alternative imaginaries and mythologies may be a first step in forging a new farmer movement that provides equity across socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers.
Cut, Snap
Authors: Pecoraro Dominic
Published: May 2020

Inspired by critical interpersonal communication scholarship and queer autoethnography, this piece depicts interpersonal interactions mute or challenge queer identity. I explore the nexus of interpersonal communication theory, identity work, and queer theory to contextualize coming out and coming into sexual minority status. This piece explores narratives in which the legitimacy of queerness is unaccepted, unassured, and undermined.
Health-related quality of life in neuroendocrine neoplasia: a critical review
Authors: White Benjamin Easton , Druce Maralyn R , Grozinsky-Glasberg Simona , Srirajaskanthan Rajaventhan , Gamper Eva Maria , Gray Debra , Mujica-Mota Ruben , Ramage John K
Published: May 2020

Incidence of neuroendocrine neoplasia (NEN) is increasing, as is use of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measurement in clinical trials. Following development of validated questionnaires, HRQoL is widely used to assess outcomes. This review is intended for healthcare professionals and is based on a selection of data published in the last decade. HRQoL is on par with other clinical endpoints such as performance status. Assessments in clinical trials have been particularly useful for monitoring the symptom burden of NEN, for the effects of treatments on patients’ lives, and have provided new data allied to the usual clinical endpoints. QoL expressed as quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) have become the most important primary outcome to establish cost-effectiveness in health economic evaluation. From looking at clinical trials over the last 10 years, we see that the quality of HRQoL evidence reported in published studies has improved and, in general, recent studies are likely to be more methodologically robust. Assessment of HRQoL in clinical trials is likely to become a standard part of clinical practice in NEN, as in other cancers. However, clear methods for calculating the clinical meaningfulness of changes in scores are needed. Other limitations of HRQoL measurement include lack of specificity to certain symptom sets and ease of completion and administration. An international group taking a lead on developing HRQoL research specifically in NEN patients is needed to address limitations of the evidence base. In order for greater weight to be placed on HRQoL data, agreement on optimal, validated scoring systems is needed.
HEREDITARY ENDOCRINE TUMOURS: CURRENT STATE-OF-THE-ART AND RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES: Early thyroidectomy in multiple endocrine neoplasia: a four decade experience
Authors: Grubbs Elizabeth G , Lechan Ronald M , Edeiken-Monroe Beth , Cote Gilbert J , Trotter Chardria , Tischler Arthur S , Gagel Robert F
Published: May 2020

Forty years ago, physicians caring for the J-kindred, a 100+ member family with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A), hypothesized that early thyroidectomy based on measurement of the biomarker calcitonin could cure patients at risk for development of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). We re-evaluated 22 family members with proven RET proto-oncogene mutations (C634G) who underwent thyroidectomy and central lymphadenectomy between 1972 and 1994 based on stimulated calcitonin abnormalities. Current disease status was evaluated by serum calcitonin measurement and neck ultrasound in 18 of the 22 prospectively screened patients. The median age of the cohort at thyroidectomy was 16.5 years (range 9–24). The median duration of follow-up at the time of examination was 40 years (range 21–43) with a median current age of 52 years (range 34–65). Fifteen of the 18 patients had no detectable serum calcitonin (<2 pg/mL). Three had detectable serum calcitonin measurements, inappropriately elevated following total thyroidectomy. None of the 16 patients imaged had an abnormal ultrasound. Survival analysis shows no MTC-related deaths in the prospectively screened patients, whereas there were many in prior generations. Early thyroidectomy based on biomarker testing has rendered 15 of 18 MEN2A patients (83%) calcitonin-free with a median follow-up period of 40 years. There have been no deaths in the prospectively screened and thyroidectomized group. We conclude that early thyroidectomy and central lymph node dissection is an effective prophylactic treatment for hereditary MTC.
Novel mineralocorticoid receptor mechanisms regulate cardiac tissue inflammation in male mice
Authors: Ong Gregory S Y , Cole Timothy J , Tesch Gregory H , Morgan James , Dowling Jennifer K , Mansell Ashley , Fuller Peter J , Young Morag J
Published: May 2020

MR activation in macrophages is critical for the development of cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. We previously showed that MR activation modifies macrophage pro-inflammatory signalling, changing the cardiac tissue response to injury via both direct gene transcription and JNK/AP-1 second messenger pathways. In contrast, MR-mediated renal electrolyte homeostasis is critically determined by DNA-binding-dependent processes. Hence, ascertaining the relative contribution of MR actions via DNA binding or alternative pathways on macrophage behaviour and cardiac inflammation may provide therapeutic opportunities which separate the cardioprotective effects of MR antagonists from their undesirable renal potassium-conserving effects. We developed new macrophage cell lines either lacking MR or harbouring a mutant MR incapable of DNA binding. Western blot analysis demonstrated that MR DNA binding is required for lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but not phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), induction of the MAPK/pJNK pathway in macrophages. Quantitative RTPCR for pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic targets revealed subsets of LPS- and PMA-induced genes that were either enhanced or repressed by the MR via actions that do not always require direct MR-DNA binding. Analysis of the MR target gene and profibrotic factor MMP12 identified promoter elements that are regulated by combined MR/MAPK/JNK signalling. Evaluation of cardiac tissue responses to an 8-day DOC/salt challenge in mice selectively lacking MR DNA-binding in macrophages demonstrated levels of inflammatory markers equivalent to WT, indicating non-DNA binding-dependent MR signalling in macrophages is sufficient for DOC/salt-induced tissue inflammation. Our data demonstrate that the MR regulates a macrophage pro-inflammatory phenotype and cardiac tissue inflammation, partially via pathways that do not require DNA binding.
Peripheral interleukin-1β inhibits arcuate kiss1 cells and LH pulses in female mice
Authors: Makowski Katherine N , Kreisman Michael J , McCosh Richard B , Raad Ali A , Breen Kellie M
Published: May 2020

Peripheral immune/inflammatory challenges rapidly disrupt reproductive neuroendocrine function. This inhibition is considered to be centrally mediated via suppression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion, yet the neural pathway(s) for this effect remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that interleukin-1β inhibits pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in female mice via inhibition of arcuate kisspeptin cell activation, a population of neurons considered to be the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator. In the first experiment, we determined that the inhibitory effect of peripheral interleukin-1β on luteinizing hormone secretion was enhanced by estradiol. We next utilized serial sampling and showed that interleukin-1β reduced the frequency of luteinizing hormone pulses in ovariectomized female mice treated with estradiol. The interleukin-1β-induced suppression of pulse frequency was associated with reduced kisspeptin cell activation, as determined by c-Fos coexpression, but not as a result of impaired responsiveness to kisspeptin challenge. Together, these data suggest an inhibitory action of interleukin-1β upstream of kisspeptin receptor activation. We next tested the hypothesis that estradiol enhances the activation of brainstem nuclei responding to interleukin-1β. We determined that the expression of interleukin-1 receptor was elevated within the brainstem following estradiol. Interleukin-1β induced c-Fos in the area postrema, ventrolateral medulla, and nucleus of the solitary tract; however, the response was not increased by estradiol. Collectively, these data support a neural mechanism whereby peripheral immune/inflammatory stress impairs reproductive neuroendocrine function via inhibition of kisspeptin cell activation and reduced pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion. Furthermore, these findings implicate the influence of estradiol on peripherally mediated neural pathways such as those activated by peripheral cytokines.
Uni-Port Total Thoracoscopic Surgery Versus Median Sternotomy for Redo Tricuspid Valve Replacement: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yan Licheng , Zheng Fuzhen , Chen Haiyu , Bao Jiayin , Weng Guoxing
Published: May 2020

Background: This study compared the perioperative and follow-up period data of patients who underwent redo tricuspid valve replacements performed via thoracoscopic surgery or median sternotomy. The purpose was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and surgical outcomes of redo tricuspid valve replacement via uni-port thoracoscopic surgery.
Methods: Forty-nine patients with severe tricuspid valve regurgitation after left-side valve replacement underwent redo tricuspid valve replacements in our hospital from April 2012 to September 2019. Twenty-six patients underwent uni-port total thoracoscopy surgery, whereas 23 patients had the surgery performed via median sternotomy. We collected perioperative and 3- to 36-month postoperative data.
Results: No deaths occurred in the intraoperative period. Time of cardiopulmonary bypass in the study group significantly was longer than that in the control group (P < .05), but the operative times in the study and control groups were not significantly different. Thoracic drainage, length of ICU stay, postoperative hospital stay, and complication rates in the study group were significantly different from those in the control group (P < .05). Throughout the follow-up period, uni-port total thoracoscopic TVR was not inferior to traditional surgery with respect to cardiac function and recurrence of tricuspid valve regurgitation.
Conclusions: Uni-port total thoracoscopic tricuspid valve replacement is safe,  feasible and effective, and that can be considered as a primary treatment strategy for patients with severe TR after previous left-sided valve procedure.
Physiognomic responses of páramo tussock grass to time since fire in northern Ecuador
Authors: Gutiérrez-Salazar Patricia , Ramsay Paul M.
Published: May 2020

Ecologically-sound management plans for high-altitude grasslands of the Andes depend on an understanding the responses of plants to fire, especially the dominant tussock grasses. This study considers physiognomic responses of tussock grass in 13 sites in northern Ecuador with a known fire history, with time since fire 0.5–10 y, and a control site which had not been burned for at least 40 y. At each site, we assessed vegetation height, basal cover of the tussocks, and the ratio of dead:live leaves in tussocks. We also measured light at ground level. As recovery time increased, tussock cover and number decreased, while tussock height increased. Light levels fell sharply below the tussock canopies as recovery took place, and dead leaves accumulated quickly, reaching 60 – 70% by just two years after fire. The modification of physical tussock structure is likely to influence a much wider ecosystem response to fire, and determines directly the fuel load for future fires. Despite these clear changes in tussock characteristics, they were too variable to be used as a reliable bioindicator of time since fire. However, a better understanding of the responses of tussock grasses to fire and particularly its impact on other species should become the focus of further attention in future.
Reporte de dieta del Periquito de Cara Amarilla (Forpus xanthops) en el Bosque Tropical Estacionalmente Seco del Marañón, Perú
Authors: Roncal-Rabanal Manuel Roberto , Chávez Chávez Cinthia Amelí , Sanchez Tello Segundo
Published: May 2020

Se documentan los registros de las observaciones de campo de Forpus xanthops. Entre 2013 y 2018, ocho observaciones muestran a F. xanthops alimentándose en diversos lugares del bosque tropical estacionalmente seco del Marañón (BTES-Marañón) en Cajamarca y Amazonas. Estos registros muestran que algunos ítems en su dieta son especies de cactus, como Espostoa lanata (Kunth) Britton & Rose, Espostoa mirabilis F. Ritte, Armatocereus rauhii Backeb siendo estas dos últimas especies endémicas de Perú; también se presentan registros de alimentación en Parkinsonia praecox (Ruiz & Pav.) Hawkins, Eriotheca discolor (Kunth) A. Robyns, Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. ex Lam.) Urb. y las especies frutales Spondias purpurea L. y Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck.
Confirmación de la presencia de la enigmática “rata chinchilla arborícola de Machupicchu” Cuscomys oblativus (Abrocomidae)
Authors: Ochoa José A. , Quispe Roberto , Jara Moscoso Norma , Cossios Daniel
Published: May 2020

Se reporta nueva evidencia de la presencia de la rata chinchilla arborícola de Machupichu (Cuscomys oblativus: Abrocomidae), en el Santuario Histórico de Machupicchu mediante el uso de cámaras trampa durante abril de 2018 y abril de 2019. Se obtuvieron 67 registros fotográficos en cinco localidades de bosque montano ubicados entre 2842 y 3413 metros de altitud. Todos los registros corresponden a ejemplares adultos de hábitos nocturnos con mayor actividad a partir de las 10 pm hasta las 04 am. Por el momento no se conocen registros de C. oblativus fuera de Machupicchu, siendo una de las tres especies de mamíferos endémicos del de área natural protegida.
Riqueza y abundancia de aves en áreas verdes en la ciudad de San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, México
Authors: Medrano-Guzmán Ana Patricia , Enríquez Paula L. , Zuria Iriana , Castellanos-Albores Jorge
Published: May 2020

Las áreas verdes en las ciudades se han considerado elementos importantes para la conservación de la avifauna. En este estudio se presentan estimaciones de riqueza y abundancia de aves, así como su relación con las áreas verdes en la ciudad de San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, México. Identificamos un total de 75 especies de aves en diez áreas verdes de diferente tamaño de febrero a julio de 2016 y relacionamos su presencia con variables ambientales a dos escalas geográficas (local y de paisaje). Se utilizaron análisis no paramétricos para comparar la riqueza y abundancia de las aves entre áreas verdes y categorías de tamaño. El porcentaje de superficie total ocupada por vegetación fue la variable más importante al correlacionarse positivamente con la riqueza y abundancia de las aves. Mientras que el porcentaje de cobertura de dosel, de construcciones, de pavimento y de áreas verdes muestreadas se correlacionaron negativamente con la riqueza y abundancia de aves. La heterogeneidad espacial de la estructura vegetal vertical en las áreas verdes fue importante para incrementar la diversidad de la avifauna. El mantenimiento e incremento de áreas verdes en ciudades es significativo para proteger y aumentar la diversidad de aves en áreas urbanas.
Cash means control
Authors: Bogodistov Yevgen , Moormann Jürgen
Published: May 2020

Purpose – to investigate reasons and conditions impacting payment preferences.

Design/Method/Approach. In this exploratory study, we apply the Implicit Association Test in order to investigate whether the prejudice of the population of some countries such as Germany preferring cash holds.

Findings. Cash payments still play a major role in a number of countries although other payment options, namely card payments, are promoted heavily.  We discover that the type of payment and the level of control are implicitly associated. We manipulate the emotions of fear and joy. The relationship changes when participants experience fear, whereas emotion of joy does not produce statistically significant effects.

Practical implications. The results have major implications for the design of payment processes.

Originality/Value. Our study helps explain preferences with regard to payment types as well as predict preferences as a response to scary or joyful events.

Research limitations/Future research. Generalizability is limited. Future research can focus on other emotions and types of payment (e.g., NFC – based payments).

Paper type – empirical.
Teaching methods matched with TEL tools to improve higher education within AduLeT project
Authors: ILDIKÓ SZABÓ
Published: May 2020

Concepts discussed. E-learning has become a common way to teach and learn. Thenumber of technologies for a variety of educational purposes is already quite large and constantlyrising. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of formal training and support of digital skillswithin faculty training. The European ERASMUS+ project AduLeT (Advanced Use of Technologiesin Higher Education) wants to improve the teaching quality of lecturers by enhancingtheir skills concerning the use of technologies in an advanced way. It also aims at trainingthe lecturer on how a specifi c teaching method can be combined with a certain technology inaddition to providing guidelines, best practice and strategy concepts for lecturers and universities.AduLeT has the primary target group of lectures at the partners’ universities.Results and conclusions. The analysis of multiple studies before the project identifi ed:the following barriers concerning the advanced use of learning technologies in higher learning:(1) time, (2) motivation, (3) institutional/cultural factors and (4) self-effi cacy/self-confidence. As higher education lecturers face almost the same barriers to a different extend inmany different countries, the aim of AduLeT is to provide lecturers an environment withhelpful information for their teaching. A support system is implemented as a community ofpractice (CoP) with all the results of the project and driven by pedagogical aspects.Original approach. This article gives an insight into the project, and discusses the barriersthat were identifi ed within the scope of the project among the Hungarian participants.
A study on summer monsoon season and rainfall characteristics in summer monsoon season over Southern Vietnam in 1981-2014 period
Authors: Ngo-Thi-Thanh Huong , Vu-Thanh Hang
Published: May 2020

This study determines the summer monsoon season over Southern Vietnam in 1981-2014 period by using observed daily rain-gauge data and reanalyzed daily 850 hPa wind data. The results show that the mean onset and retreat dates of summer monsoon over Southern Vietnam occur on May 15 and October 13, with standard deviations of 14.12 and 13.55 days, respectively. The results also show that the onset and retreat dates tend to precede in the recent years. In summer monsoon period, the values of RX1day and RX5day are high in Rach Gia and Ca Mau but low in Can Tho, CDD of all stations are low. In all stations, the values of extreme rainfall indices in 1998-2014 period are higher compared to those in 1981-1997 period.
Overview of Uzbek and Azerbaijani Scientific-Research Collaboration During the Years of Independent Development
Authors: Adygezalov Azer
Published: May 2020

Introduction. The author provides data about coming into being of Uzbek and Azerbaijani scientific collaboration during the years of independent development of the two countries. The article deals with solid contractual basis in the scientific sphere, including the agreements between the Ministries of Public Education, Academies of Sciences, higher education institutions of the two countries, and with the collaboration in the field of the attestation of highly-qualified scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel.

Methods and materials. The given article also contains information about the direct co-operation of the two states in the sphere of natural, exact sciences and humanities, furthering close and fruitful interrelation of the two countries’ scientific circles, covering all the given sphere’s branches of partnership relations.

Analysis. The article analyzes the process of multifaceted scientific cooperation between Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan, which occurs through the establishment of close contacts between scientists and research centers of the two countries, the implementation of joint research on pressing issues, mutual internships and scientific business trips, as well as the participation in international scientific conferences and symposiums. Close mutual contacts are also carried out in the form of the exchange of scientific personnel and work.

Results. The multifaceted Uzbek-Azerbaijani scientific cooperation considered in the article is represented by the following factors: bilateral agreements and arrangements in the scientific field; direct development in the field of natural, exact sciences and humanities; implementation of mutual internships and scientific missions; exchange of scientific personnel and labor.
Prehistory of Volgograd State University. 1971–1980
Authors: Sidorov Sergey , Tarakanov Vasily
Published: May 2020

Introduction. The authors analyze the process of establishing a state university in Volgograd, the last university set up in the RSFSR during the existence of the USSR.

Materials. This study is based on the basis of archival materials first introduced into scientific use (State Archive of the Russian Federation (SARF), Russian State Archive of Recent History (RSARH), Center of Recent History Documentation of Volgograd Region (CRHDVO)).

Analysis and Results. The initial idea of the representatives of governing bodies in Volgograd region to organize a university on the basis of Volgograd Polytechnic Institute did not find support from the leadership of the country in 1971. In 1972 it was decided to start organizing a new type of higher education institution for Volgograd, that is a classic university. This idea found support in Moscow, which was manifested in the resolutions of the Secretariat of the CPSU Central Committee in 1973 and the USSR Council of Ministers and the RSFSR Council of Ministers in 1974. The necessity for creating appropriate educational and teaching resources and facilities, the manpower problem and insufficient funds led to postponing initially proposed dates for the University opening from 1974 to 1978, and then to 1980. The first admission of students in 1980 was in the building of a comprehensive school specially built for this purpose near the future University complex, the first building of which would be put into service only in 1983. The issue of the development of the young University was under the constant control of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR for many years. Only in March 1986 it was decided to discontinue supervision over the resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR no. 561 of October 21, 1974.