bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Cefiderocol in Experimental Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Pneumonia in Persistently Neutropenic Rabbits
Authors: Petraitis Vidmantas , Petraitiene Ruta , Kavaliauskas Povilas , Naing Ethan , Garcia Andrew , Georgiades Benjamin N. , Echols Roger , Bonomo Robert A. , Yamano Yoshinori , Satlin Michael J. , Walsh Thomas J.
Published: September 2022

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
is an important cause of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. Cefiderocol is a parenteral siderophore cephalosporin with potent
in vitro
activity against
S. maltophilia
.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus subtilis YBS29, a Potential Fish Probiotic That Prevents Motile
Aeromonas
Septicemia in Labeo rohita
Authors: Paul Sulav Indra , Rahman M. Mahbubur
Published: September 2022

We report the draft genome sequence of the promising fish probiotic
Bacillus subtilis
YBS29. This strain exhibits
in vitro
antimicrobial activity against
Aeromonas veronii
and enhances growth and disease resistance in the Indian major carp species
Labeo rohita
against motile
Aeromonas
septicemia (MAS). Its genome contains a gene cluster encoding multiple bacteriocins and lacks genes for virulence factors. These genomic features signify potential for safe use as a probiotic in aquaculture.
Role of the Gut Microbiota in the Increased Infant Body Mass Index Induced by Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Zhu Qingyi , Yang Xu , Zhang Yingying , Shan Chunjian , Shi Zhonghua
Published: September 2022

Using 16S rRNA sequencing analysis, regression analysis and mediation analysis were used to explore whether maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) changed the function and composition of the meconium microbiota and whether this explained the GDM-induced alterations of infant body mass index (BMI). This study showed that gut microbiome dysbiosis induced by maternal GDM might play an important role in the increased infant BMI during the first 12 months of life.
Feasibility and Sensitivity of Saliva GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra for Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Adults in Uganda
Authors: Byanyima Patrick , Kaswabuli Sylvia , Musisi Emmanuel , Nabakiibi Catherine , Zawedde Josephine , Sanyu Ingvar , Sessolo Abdul , Andama Alfred , Worodria William , Huang Laurence , Davis J. Lucian
Published: September 2022

Tuberculosis is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, in large part because >3 million people go undiagnosed and untreated each year. Sputum has been the mainstay for TB diagnosis for over a century but can be difficult for patients to produce.
Haemodynamic stroke in a rare adult presentation of osteopetrosis
Authors: Ninan George Abraham , Benjamin Rohit Ninan , Jasper Anitha , Lionel Sharon Anbumalar
Published: September 2022

Osteopetrosis refers to a collection of metabolic bone diseases with impaired osteoclastic activity resulting in abnormally dense and dysplastic bone. Cranial involvement results in severe complications, including compressive nerve palsies, hydrocephalus and tonsillar herniation. Ischaemic stroke is very rarely reported in osteopetrosis, resulting from vascular impingement. We report a young adult woman withCLCN7(Chloride Voltage-Gated Channel 7) gene-related osteopetrosis and ischaemic stroke resulting from diffuse and focal arterial stenosis and severe myelophthisic anaemia. Acute management included blood transfusions, lay-flat positioning and fever treatment, which resulted in partial recovery of her initial neurological deficits. Our case highlights this very rare stroke syndrome’s unique mechanisms and treatment challenges.
Fournier’s gangrene with prostatic and bladder trigone colliquation: a suggested treatment algorithm
Authors: Asimakopoulos Anastasios D. , Colalillo Gaia , Miano Roberto , Germani Stefano
Published: September 2022

Fournier’s gangrene (FG) is an infectious necrotising fasciitis of the perineum and genital regions with a high mortality rate. We report the case of a man in his 70s with FG who presented with bladder trigone and prostate colliquation. Bulbar and penile urethra were also injured with multiple fenestrations. Bilateral percutaneous nephrostomy positioning followed by the placement of occluding ureteral catheters preceded the surgical debridement of the necrotic tissues and protective colostomy. There followed periodic sessions of surgical debridement and VAC therapy. The persistent perineal urinary leak required the crafting of a suprapubic surgical cystostomy with bladder neck obliteration through double-layer raphy. The cystostomy maintained the healing tissues free from the constant and damaging urine action. This report describes the successful multistep approach of an FG with deep involvement and colliquation of the bladder neck and prostate reaching the Denonvilliers fascia that ensured the correct healing of tissues.
Macular thickness and its associated factors in a Chinese rural adult population: the Handan Eye Study
Authors: Wu Jian , Lin Caixia , Du Yifan , Fan Su Jie , Pan Lijie , Pan Qing , Cao Kai , Wang Ningli
Published: September 2022

Purpose

To describe the normal macular thickness and assess its associations.

Methods

The Handan Eye Follow-up Study was conducted between 2012 and 2013. Macular thickness was scanned by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). The built-in software generated a retinal thickness (RT) map, which was divided into three regions (central, internal and external regions) and nine quadrants (one in central and four in internal and external regions each).

Results

For 5394 subjects in the Handan Eye Follow-up Study, 4793 received OCT examination, 2946 of whom (accounting for 61.46% of the total subjects, mean age 58.91±10.95, 55.6% were women) were included for analysis. The mean RT in central macula, inner and outer rings were (237.38 µm±23.05 µm), (309.77 µm±18.36 µm) and (278.29 µm±14.38 µm), respectively (overall difference, p＜0.001). In inner ring, the RT in temporal was thinnest, followed by nasal, superior and inferior. In outer ring, the RT in superior was thinnest, with the next subfields being temporal, inferior and nasal, respectively. The RT in central macula, inner and outer rings were significantly thicker in men than in women. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that in central macula, RT increased in subjects younger than 60 years and thinned above the age of 60. In inner and outer rings, RT thinned along with age (p＜0.001).

Conclusions

This study finds that RT in central macula is the thinnest, followed by the outer ring, the RT in the inner ring is the thickest. Age and gender are related to RT. These associated factors need to be considered when explaining RT.
Psychological (co)morbidity in patients with psoriasis: the impact of pruritus and anogenital involvement on symptoms of depression and anxiety and on body dysmorphic concerns – a cross-sectional study
Authors: da Silva Neuza , Augustin Matthias , Hilbring Caroline , Braren-von Stülpnagel Catharina C , Sommer Rachel
Published: September 2022

Objectives

While stress plays a paramount role on the onset/exacerbation of psoriasis, via overactivation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, cutaneous inflammatory response induces, in turn, anxiety/depression symptoms, via body disfigurement and stigmatisation. The intensity of pruritus and anogenital involvement are additional risk factors for psychological comorbidity.Aims were to (1) examine the effects of intensity of pruritus and anogenital psoriasis on disease burden and psychological comorbidity and (2) identify the variables associated with the presence of clinically significant depression, anxiety, and dysmorphic concerns.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Conducted at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE).

Participants

107 patients with psoriasis (mean age = 46.3, SD = 14.6 years; 53.3% male): 64 with none/mild pruritus; 43 with moderate/severe pruritus; 31 with anogenital psoriasis; 76 not affected in the anogenital area.

Primary/secondary outcomes measures

Disease severity was assessed with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index and intensity of pruritus was rated by patients. Patient-reported outcomes included the Dermatology Life Quality Index, ItchyQoL, Patient Benefit Index, Perceived Stigmatisation Questionnaire, and Relationship and Sexuality Scale. Psychological morbidity was assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalised Anxiety Disorder, and Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire.

Results

Patients with moderate/severe pruritus reported more quality of life impairments, depression, anxiety and dysmorphic concerns, and less treatment benefits than those with none/mild pruritus. Moderate/severe pruritus had a deleterious effect on depression and stigmatisation for patients without anogenital involvement. Less patient benefits were associated with a higher likelihood of clinically significant depression/anxiety.

Conclusion

Pruritus induces significant burden and psychological morbidity, particularly for patients without anogenital involvement. However, coping strategies used by patients with anogenital psoriasis might be dysfunctional for overall psychosocial adaptation. Patient-centred healthcare might be the best way to prevent psychological comorbidity.

Ethics approval

Ethics Committee of the Medical Association of Hamburg (process number PV6083, 28 May 2019).
Screening tools for work-related asthma and their diagnostic accuracy: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Kongsupon Ngamjit , Walters Gareth I , Adab Peymané , Jordan Rachel E
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Work-related asthma (WRA) refers to asthma caused by exposures at work (occupational asthma) and asthma made worse by work conditions (work-exacerbated asthma). WRA is common among working-age adults with asthma and impacts individual health, work–life and income but is often not detected by healthcare services. Earlier identification can lead to better health and employment outcomes. However, the optimal tool for screening and its effectiveness in practice is not well established. Screening tools may include whole questionnaires, questionnaire items, physiological measurements and/or immunological tests. Since the publication of the most contemporary WRA or occupational asthma-specific guidelines, further studies evaluating tools for identifying WRA have been performed. Our systematic review aims to summarise and compare the performance of screening tools for identifying WRA in both clinical and workplace settings.

Methods and analysis

We will conduct a systematic review of observational and experimental studies (1975–2021) using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science, CDSR, DARE, HTA, CISDOC databases and grey literature. Two independent reviewers will screen the studies using predetermined criteria, extract data according to a schedule and assess study quality using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Test Accuracy 2 tool. Screening tools and test accuracy measures will be summarised. Paired forest plots and summary receiver operating characteristic curves of sensitivities and specificities will be evaluated for heterogeneity between studies, using subgroup analyses, where possible. If the studies are sufficiently homogenous, we will use a bivariate random effect model for meta-analysis. A narrative summary and interpretation will be provided if meta-analysis is not appropriate.

Ethics and dissemination

As this is a systematic review and does not involve primary data collection, formal ethical review is not required. We will disseminate our findings through open access peer-reviewed publication as well as through other academic and social media.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021246031.
Are cardiovascular health measures heritable across three generations of families in Soweto, South Africa? A cross-sectional analysis using the random family method
Authors: Ware Lisa J , Maposa Innocent , Kolkenbeck-Ruh Andrea , Norris Shane A , Soepnel Larske , Crouch Simone , Kagura Juliana , Naidoo Sanushka , Smith Wayne , Davies Justine
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Cardiovascular disease is increasing in many low and middle-income countries, including those in Africa. To inform strategies for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in South Africa, we sought to determine the broad heritability of phenotypic markers of cardiovascular risk across three generations.

Design

A cross-sectional study conducted in a longitudinal family cohort.

Setting

Research unit within a tertiary hospital in a historically disadvantaged, large urban township of South Africa.

Participants

195 individuals from 65 biological families with all three generations including third-generation children aged 4–10 years were recruited from the longest running intergenerational cohort study in Africa, the Birth to Twenty Plus cohort. All adults (grandparents and parents) were female while children were male or female.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The primary outcome was heritability of blood pressure (BP; brachial and central pressures). Secondary outcomes were heritability of arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity), carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) and left ventricular mass indexed to body surface area (LVMI).

Results

While no significant intergenerational relationships of BP or arterial stiffness were found, there were significant relationships in LVMI across all three generations (p<0.04), and in cIMT between grandparents and parents (p=0.0166). Heritability, the proportion of phenotypic trait variation attributable to genetics, was estimated from three common statistical methods and ranged from 23% to 44% for cIMT and from 21% to 39% for LVMI.

Conclusions

Structural indicators of vascular health, which are strong markers of future clinical cardiovascular outcomes, transmit between generations within African families. Identification of these markers in parents may be useful to trigger assessments of preventable risk factors for cardiovascular disease in offspring.
Effect of motion control versus neutral walking footwear on pain associated with lateral tibiofemoral joint osteoarthritis: a comparative effectiveness randomised clinical trial
Authors: Paterson Kade L , Bennell Kim L , Metcalf Ben R , Campbell Penny K , McManus Fiona , Lamb Karen E , Hinman Rana S
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To determine if motion control walking shoes are superior to neutral walking shoes in reducing knee pain on walking in people with lateral knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Design

Participant-blinded and assessor-blinded, comparative effectiveness, superiority randomised controlled trial.

Setting

Melbourne, Australia.

Participants

People with symptomatic radiographic lateral tibiofemoral OA from the community and our volunteer database.

Intervention

Participants were randomised to receive either motion control or neutral shoes and advised to wear them >6 hours/day over 6 months.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The primary outcome was change in average knee pain on walking over the previous week (11-point Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), 0–10) at 6 months. The secondary outcomes included other measures of knee pain, physical function, quality of life, participant-perceived change in pain and function, and physical activity.

Results

We planned to recruit 110 participants (55 per arm) but ceased recruitment at 40 (n=18 motion control shoes, n=22 neutral shoes) due to COVID-19-related impacts. All 40 participants completed 6-month outcomes. There was no evidence that motion control shoes were superior to neutral shoes for the primary outcome of pain (mean between-group difference 0.4 NRS units, 95% CI −1.0 to 1.7) nor for any secondary outcome. The number of participants experiencing any adverse events was similar between groups (motion control shoes: n=5, 28%; neutral shoes: n=4, 18.2%) and were minor.

Conclusions

Motion control shoes were not superior to neutral shoes in improving knee pain on walking in symptomatic radiographic lateral tibiofemoral joint OA. Further research is needed to identify effective treatments in this important but under-researched knee OA subgroup.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12618001864213.
Development and validation of the INappropriate solid oral dosaGE form modification aSsessmenT (INGEST) Algorithm using data of patients with medication dysphagia from a neurology ward and nursing home in Singapore
Authors: Tan Poh Leng , Chung Wing Lam , Sklar Grant E , Yap Kai Zhen , Chan Sui Yung
Published: September 2022

Objectives

This study aims to develop and validate a novel implicit tool to assist clinicians in resource-limited settings to promptly assess suitability for modification of solid oral dosage forms (SODFs) during medication prescribing, review and/or administration for patients with dysphagia.

Design

Literature review and a group discussion were conducted to elicit items for the construction of the INappropriate solid oral dosaGE form modification aSsessmenT (INGEST) algorithm. For its validation, inter-rater reliability among three independent users was evaluated. Accuracy of users’ ratings was also evaluated against the screening results using theDon’t Rush to Crushhandbook.

Setting and participants

Three pharmacists were involved in the development and another three were involved in the validation of the INGEST algorithm using anonymised medication records of 50 patients in a nursing home and a hospital ward; only SODFs that were modified prior to administration were evaluated.

Results

Following literature review, considerations included by consensus in the INGEST algorithm were the presence of special coating or modified release characteristics of the SODF medications, hazardous nature and taste of the active ingredients, manufacturer’s advice and use of tube feeding. Of the 381 SODF medications evaluated, 26 (6.8%) were identified by at least one pharmacist to be inappropriate for modification. Gwet’s AC among the three pharmacists in identifying SODF medications inappropriate for modification was 0.75 (p<0.001, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.87), and 0.80 (p<0.001, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.89) in identifying SODF medications appropriate for modification, suggesting substantial inter-rater agreement. Overall accuracy of each pharmacist’s ratings was high, ranging from 93.7% to 95.6%.

Conclusions

The implicit INGEST algorithm has potential for use by clinicians in nursing home and hospital settings for determining suitability of SODF medications for modification. Further studies should be conducted to assess its external validity and utilisation in daily practice for improving clinical outcomes for patients with SODF dysphagia.
Development of the OPAL prediction model for prediction of live birth in couples with recurrent pregnancy loss: protocol for a prospective and retrospective cohort study in the Netherlands
Authors: Youssef Angelos , van der Hoorn Marie-Louise , van Eekelen Rik , van Geloven Nan , van Wely Madelon , Smits Myrthe A J , Mulders Annemarie , van Lith Jan MM , Goddijn Mariëtte , Lashley Eileen
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as the loss of two or more conceptions before 24 weeks gestation. Despite extensive diagnostic workup, in only 25%–40% an underlying cause is identified. Several factors may increase the risk for miscarriage, but the chance of a successful pregnancy is still high. Prognostic counselling plays a significant role in supportive care. The main limitation in current prediction models is the lack of a sufficiently large cohort, adjustment for relevant risk factors, and separation between cumulative live birth rate and the success chance in the next conception. In this project, we aim to make an individualised prognosis for the future chance of pregnancy success, which could lead to improved well-being and the ability managing reproductive choices.

Methods and analysis

In this multicentre study, we will include both a prospective and a retrospective cohort of at least 931 and 1000 couples with RPL, respectively. Couples who have visited one of the three participating university hospitals in the Netherlands for intake are eligible for the study participation, with a follow-up duration of 5 years. General medical and obstetric history and reports of pregnancies after the initial consultation will be collected. Multiple imputation will be performed to cope for missing data. A Cox proportional hazards model for time to pregnancy will be developed to estimate the cumulative chance of a live birth within 3 years after intake. To dynamically estimate the chance of an ongoing pregnancy, given the outcome of earlier pregnancies after intake, a logistic regression model will be developed.

Ethics and dissemination

The Medical Ethical Research Committee of the Leiden University Medical Center approved this study protocol (N22.025). There are no risks or burden associated with this study. Participant written informed consent is required for both cohorts. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at international conferences.

Trial registration number

NCT05167812.
Sustaining Rabi oscillations by using a phase-tunable image drive
Authors: De Raedt Hans , Miyashita Seiji , Michielsen Kristel , Vezin Hervé , Bertaina Sylvain , Chiorescu Irinel
Published: September 2022

Recent electron spin resonance experiments on CaWO$$_4$$

4

:Gd$$^{3+}$$

3
+

and other magnetic impurities have demonstrated that sustained Rabi oscillations can be created by driving a magnetic moment with a microwave field frequency slightly larger than the Larmor frequency and tuned to the Floquet resonance, together with another microwave field (image drive) with a frequency smaller than the Larmor frequency. These observations are confirmed by the new experimental results reported in this paper. We use numerical and analytical techniques to study the interplay between the microwave drives and three different mechanisms of relaxation. The first model describes a magnetic moment subject to microwave fields, interacting with a bath of two-level systems which acts as a source of decoherence and dissipation. The second model describes identical, interacting magnetic moments, subject to the same microwave fields. The decay of the Rabi oscillations is now due to the interactions. Third, we study Rabi oscillation decay due to the inhomogeneity of the microwave radiation. We show that under appropriate conditions, and in particular at the Floquet resonance, the magnetization exhibits sustained Rabi oscillations, in some cases with additional beatings. Although these two microscopic models separately describe the experimental data well, a simulation study that simultaneously accounts for both types of interactions is currently prohibitively costly. To gain further insight into the microscopic dynamics of these two different models, we study the time dependence of the bath and system energy and of the correlations of the spins, data that are not readily accessible experimentally.

Graphic abstract
Reach and complementarity of $$\mu \rightarrow e$$ searches
Authors: Davidson Sacha , Echenard Bertrand
Published: September 2022

In Effective Field Theory, we describe$$\mu \leftrightarrow e$$μ↔eflavour changing transitions using an operator basis motivated by experimental observables. This implies that$$\mu \rightarrow e_L \gamma $$μ→eLγ,$$\mu \rightarrow e_L \bar{e} e$$μ→eLe¯eand$$\mu \rightarrow e_L$$μ→eLconversion on nuclei probe a six-dimensional subspace, where we derive constraints on the New Physics scale from past and future experiments, illustrating the complementarity of the processes in an intuitive way.
THE FRACTAL AND PIECEWISE STRUCTURE OF SOME CHAOTIC NEURAL NETWORKS USING A GENERALIZED MODEL
Authors: GOUFO EMILE F. DOUNGMO , KHAN Y. , TOUDJEU I. TCHANGOU
Published: September 2022

Fractal structures are everywhere around us as they occur naturally or are artificially simulated. Applied mostly in engineering domains that include neural networks, fractal processes help fostering architectural design. For instance, fractal models are commonly used to design new machine learning algorithms for neural networks. Differential operators that can artificially trigger such fractal processes become a valuable asset for engineers. We use in this paper the fractal derivative combined to the fractional dynamic to analyze the chaotic proto-Lü system. That combined operator, known as the fractal-fractional derivative (FFD), is relatively new in the literature and has many features still to be discovered. The piecewise model of the proto-Lü system combining the fractal-fractional and classical derivatives is analyzed and solved numerically. In the study, we start by providing a succinct summary of fundamentals behind the FFD and equations of the proto-Lü system. The latter comprise different models with [Formula: see text] scrolls each ([Formula: see text]) corresponding to its nth cover. We focus on applying the FFD on the third cover of the proto-Lü system that is solved numerically via the Haar wavelets. Numerical simulations show the maintenance of the multiscroll chaotic attractors. The representations for the piecewise model also show the maintenance of the triple cover both in a stretched form and a self-similarity process. Additionally, we observe the capacity of those attractors to perform self-replication in a fractal structure that varies with the fractional-order derivative.
MediCoSpace
: Visual Decision-Support for Doctor-Patient Consultations using Medical Concept Spaces from EHRs
Authors: van der Linden Sanne , Sevastjanova Rita , Funk Mathias , El-Assady Mennatallah
Published: September 2022

Healthcare systems are under pressure from an aging population, rising costs, and increasingly complex conditions and treatments. Although data are determined to play a bigger role in how doctors diagnose and prescribe treatments, they struggle due to a lack of time and an abundance of structured and unstructured information. To address this challenge, we introduce
MediCoSpace
, a visual decision-support tool for more efficient doctor-patient consultations. The tool links patient reports to past and present diagnoses, diseases, drugs, and treatments, both for the current patient and other patients in comparable situations.
MediCoSpace
uses textual medical data, deep-learning supported text analysis and concept spaces to facilitate a visual discovery process. The tool is evaluated by five medical doctors. The results show that
MediCoSpace
facilitates a promising, yet complex way to discover unlikely relations and thus suggests a path toward the development of interactive visual tools to provide physicians with more holistic diagnoses and personalized, dynamic treatments for patients.
Inequitable Experiences and Outcomes in Young Children: Addressing Racial and Social-Economic Disparities in Physical and Mental Health
Authors: Jones Harden Brenda , Slopen Natalie
Published: September 2022

Given the high rates of child poverty in the United States, socioeconomic disparities exist regarding children's physical and mental health. These disparities are particularly pronounced for children of color, who are more likely to experience poverty compounded by the vestiges of historical and systemic racism. Physical health disparities include higher rates of mortality, growth impairments, allergies, respiratory difficulties, tooth decay, and injuries. Disparities have also been found in the mental health arena, including a higher likelihood of internalizing and externalizing disorders, as well as trauma symptoms, and differences in the timing of diagnosis of, types of, and treatments for mental health disorders. Familial, neighborhood, service, and systemic contextual factors further solidify these disparities. It is critical to address the structural causes of these disparities and their consequences to promote more positive outcomes in affected children. A system of care that integrates economic programs, child care and education supports, parenting interventions, and appropriate physical and mental health care is essential to meet the health needs of children from impoverished backgrounds.
Immersed Boundary Methods: Historical Perspective and Future Outlook
Authors: Verzicco Roberto
Published: September 2022

Immersed boundary methods (IBMs) are versatile and efficient computational techniques to solve flow problems in complex geometric configurations that retain the simplicity and efficiency of Cartesian structured meshes. Although these methods became known in the 1970s and gained credibility only in the new millennium, they had already been conceived and implemented at the beginning of the 1960s, even if the early computers of those times did not allow researchers to exploit their potential. Nowadays IBMs are established numerical schemes employed for the solution of many complex problems in which fluid mechanics may account for only part of the multiphysics dynamics. Despite the indisputable advantages, these methods also have drawbacks, and each problem should be carefully analyzed before deciding which particular IBM implementation is most suitable and whether additional modeling is necessary. High–Reynolds number flows constitute one of the main limitations of IBMs owing to the resolution of thin wall shear layers, which cannot benefit from anisotropic grid refinement at the boundaries. To alleviate this weakness, researchers have developed IBM-compliant wall models and local grid refinement strategies, although in these cases possible pitfalls must also be considered.
Resolution Pharmacology: Focus on Pro-Resolving Annexin A1 and Lipid Mediators for Therapeutic Innovation in Inflammation
Authors: Perretti Mauro , Dalli Jesmond
Published: September 2022

Chronic diseases that affect our society are made more complex by comorbidities and are poorly managed by the current pharmacology. While all present inflammatory etiopathogeneses, there is an unmet need for better clinical management of these diseases and their multiple symptoms. We discuss here an innovative approach based on the biology of the resolution of inflammation. Studying endogenous pro-resolving peptide and lipid mediators, how they are formed, and which target they interact with, can offer innovative options through augmenting the expression or function of pro-resolving pathways or mimicking their actions with novel targeted molecules. In all cases, resolution offers innovation for the treatment of the primary cause of a given disease and/or for the management of its comorbidities, ultimately improving patient quality of life. By implementing resolution pharmacology, we harness the whole physiology of inflammation, with the potential to bring a marked change in the management of inflammatory conditions.
Pharmacological Interventions in Labor and Delivery
Authors: Wray Susan , Arrowsmith Sarah , Sharp Andrew
Published: September 2022

While there is not a wide range of pregnancy-specific drugs, there are some very specific high-risk areas of obstetric care for which unique pharmacological approaches have been established. In preterm birth, labor induction and augmentation, and the management of postpartum hemorrhage, these pharmacological approaches have become the bedrock in managing some of the most common and problematic areas of antenatal and intrapartum care. In this review, we summarize the existing established and emerging evidence that supports and broadens these pharmacological approaches to obstetric management and its impact on clinical practice. It is clear that existing therapeutics are limited. They have largely been developed from our knowledge of the physiology of the myometrium and act on hormonal receptors and their signaling pathways or on ion channels influencing excitability. Newer drugs in development are mostly refinements of these two approaches, but novel agents from plants and improved formulations are also discussed.
A Geocoupling Simulation Method for Fractured Reservoir Production
Authors: Li Xin , Lei Zhengdong , Zhang Qinghui , Zhang Yuanqing
Published: September 2022

Reservoir simulation is critical to the design of reservoir development plan and has been extensively used. However, it is challengeable for to simulate the production process for fractured reservoirs, because of the fracture geometry and the fracture deformation. Specifically, three problems need to be solved. First, there is a lack of mathematical models that can predict the fracture deformation with acceptable precision. Second, the fracture deformation is stress-dependent; therefore, a geocoupled equation should be used to quantify the stress change, but the solution is extremely expensive. Third, the fracture geometries pose great challenges to traditional gridding techniques. This paper proposes a new geocoupling simulation method that is capable of modeling the complex fracture geometry as well as the fracture mechanical behavior. The geomechanical effects and the reservoir production performance are modeled through an implicit geocoupled model, which is developed based on the poro-mechanics theory. The fixed stress strategy is used to solve the geocoupled equations. Moreover, a comprehensive fracture modeling method is proposed, in terms of the fracture deformation model and the fracture gridding technique to model the fracture effects. Ultimately, this method is used to analyze two field-scale cases. The results demonstrate that this method exhibits good practicability and has practical significance for fractured reservoir development.
Logistics Finance Collaborative Development Model Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Wang Yuqin
Published: September 2022

In the context of rapid social development, a logistics financial model that can meet the financing needs of small and medium-sized enterprises and has high returns is widely used in all aspects of the logistics financial industry. Logistics finance is a new financing model that can effectively integrate logistics enterprises, financial companies, and financing institutions to achieve mutual benefit and win-win results. The uncertainty of financial information, the motivation of each business service object to pursue high returns in a short period of time, and the inadequate risk preuniversal conditions have led to credit risks in the development of logistics financial services. Promoting the close integration of improved neural network algorithms based on machine learning and logistics financial financing models is inseparable from the active cooperation of all aspects, the trust of various business service objects, and the construction of logistics financial information platforms. Based on machine learning, this paper analyzes and models the collaborative development of logistics finance, analyzes the original data, and constructs sample characteristics. Due to the small amount of information in part of the sample features, this causes problems such as overfitting in the process of model building. Therefore, we designed a new feature selection based on Pearson correlation coefficient and PCA. Method. Using this algorithm for feature selection, an integrated learning method is proposed. In order to solve the shortcomings of traditional neural network logistics algorithms, a neural network-based noncomplete vehicle path optimization mining model is proposed. By weighting the time domain length and spatial probability of logistics finance, the stable state of the neural network is restricted. Simulation results show that this method can effectively improve logistics efficiency and maximize the economic value of the transportation process.
Experimental Study on Frost Heave Behavior of Steel Fiber Improved Soil
Authors: Shi Rongjian , Huang Feng , Yue Fengtian , Hong Zequn , Li Yichen
Published: September 2022

The incorporation of steel fibers into the natural soil is generally considered to be a novel and effective way to reduce the amount of frost heave induced by an artificial freezing process in underground engineering. In order to analyze the frost heave behavior of the steel fiber improved soil, a one-dimensional frost heave test under the open recharge system was conducted in this paper, focusing on the influence of steel fiber content, size, and soil properties. The results show that small amounts of steel fibers in the soil will not significantly affect the freezing process and temperature distribution, while the water-conducting properties of the steel fibers and the effect of limiting the ice lens growth can reduce the frost heave rate of the samples incorporated with 0.5% steel fibers by 26.93%. At the same time, the reduction effect of the frost heave rate increases linearly with the increase of steel fiber content and length but weakens with the increase of steel fiber diameter. In terms of soil property influence, the frost heave rate of the clay samples was reduced by 14.31% compared to the silt samples, while the water migration was reduced by 11.99%. In addition, the cementation of the steel fibers with the soil will also inhibit the growth of the ice lens and reduce the external water migration, thus significantly lowering the frost heave rate. The results can provide a reference for the research of the frost deformation of similar modified soils.
[Retracted] Effect of Reading Activities on Children’s Mental Health under the Environment of Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning
Authors: Yang Mengqi
Published: September 2022

The illustrations in picture books are lovely and emotional; pictures and text work together to express a theme and weave into one another to create a seamless and comprehensive visual image in picture books. Reading helps children improve for life and is an unending source of wealth in one’s life. Picture book reading has a positive effect on children’s psychological well‐being since it allows them to develop different intelligences and their spiritual worlds in addition to reading stories and learning facts. This thesis investigates, against the backdrop of artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning, the impact of reading activities on children’s psychological health. Deep learning and AI are the tools used where students can engage in a more in‐depth conversation with the article and comprehend the author’s mindset and background after completing the basic reading. This can help students’ analytical, thinking, writing, and other application skills, as well as give them the opportunity to learn from and build upon their first reading accumulation. Research has shown that this method produces impressive results, and it is suited for widespread use because its reasonable strength has improved by 17.24% when compared to the conventional method.
The Study on the Constitutive Model of Concrete for Explicit Dynamic of ABAQUS Based on Damage Energy
Authors: Chen Lihao , Liu Dewen , Lei Min , Zhang Yuan , Zhao Tiange , Zheng Yanping
Published: September 2022

In this paper, the elastoplastic damage constitutive model of concrete is established based on the damage energy release rate to analyze the failure of concrete structures. Based on the user-defined material program VUMAT interface provided by the ABAQUS, the explicit algorithm is used to secondary develop the concrete model. The model is verified from mechanical behavior, mesh-dependence, and stress state under reciprocating loading. The results show that the model can reasonably simulate the mechanical state of concrete under compression and tension and can effectively solve the mesh-dependence problem in finite element problems. The simulation results were still consistent when the mesh size was 2.5 mm. The low cycle reciprocating simulation test of the concrete column also proves that the model has better hysteretic and bidirectional coupling performance. It is verified that the VUMAT material subroutine can meet the analysis requirements of reinforced concrete structures and can be used to simulate the dynamic response of structures with strong nonlinear stages.
A High-Precision Interpolation Method for Data Transfer in Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis
Authors: Li Xuehua , Zhang Lei , Wang Peiyan , He Xingsuo
Published: September 2022

In order to improve the precision of data transfer in fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis, this paper puts forward an improved inverse isoparametric mapping (IIM) method, which can improve the load transfer accuracy by means of increasing the quantity of Gauss integral points. As displacement transfer happens, the method can perform the function of revising the displacement between the point to be interpolated and projection point, by which the example emulation is also carried out. Some practical solutions are presented, aiming to grapple with pertinent problems such as local interpolation burr and global interpolation distortion which are originated from oversimplified structure dynamic models and inconsistent structural deformation. The calculation results show that the improved IIM method has higher interpolation precision, which can consequently provide a valuable source of reference for FSI analysis by improving the precision of data transfer and satisfying the conservation of total force, total torque, and total virtual work in the meantime.
Fordyce Angiokeratoma: Comparison of Cryotherapy and Electrocauterization Treatments
Authors: Bayraktar Necmi
Published: September 2022

Fordyce angiokeratoma is a benign lesion commonly developing on the scrotal skin. The incidence increases with age. About half of these lesions may be symptomatic and frequently cause itching and bleeding. Although the treatment is not always considered necessary, several treatment methods are used for symptomatic cases, especially for cosmetic purposes. Treatment options include surgical excision, laser ablation, electrocoagulation, cryotherapy, and sclerotherapy. The most widely used methods are electrocoagulation and cryotherapy. Although these two methods are similarly effective and safe, there are differences in means of patient comfort and cosmetic outcomes. Patient comfort can be defined as pain management during the procedure and the healing period. Bleeding and wound infection are other parameters that may decrease patient comfort. Patients would prefer treatment methods with less or no pain and shorter recovery periods, healthcare providers, and insurance. The cosmetic result is another critical issue, especially for patients with multiple lesions. Treatment methods avoiding genital scars are more likely to meet the aesthetic demands of the patients.
Microstructural Features, Tensile Properties, and Impact Toughness of Linear Friction Welded High-Temperature Alloy Joints for Blisk Assembly Applications
Authors: Mukundhan C. , Sivaraj P. , Balasubramanian V. , Sonar Tushar , Petley Vijay , Verma Shweta
Published: September 2022

The main objective of this investigation is to analyze the microstructure, tensile properties, and impact toughness of Ti6Al4V alloy joints developed using optimized parameters of linear friction welding (LFW) for gas turbine blisk assembly applications. The 6 mm thick plates of Ti6Al4V alloy were joined using a friction time of 40 sec, a friction pressure of 20 MPa, a forging pressure of 10 MPa, a forging time of 3 sec, and an oscillating frequency of 14 Hz. The different regions of joints were analyzed using a stereo zoom microscope. Optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used for analysing the microstructural features of joints. The room temperature tensile properties, hardness, and impact toughness of LFW-Ti6Al4V alloy joints were evaluated and correlated to the microstructural features of weld region. The fractured sections of tensile and impact toughness specimens of joints were analyzed using SEM and the failure of joints was correlated with the hardness survey. Results showed that the LFW-Ti6Al4V alloy joints developed using the optimized parameters exhibited a tensile strength (TS) of 1015 MPa, a yield strength (YS) of 940 MPa, and an elongation (EL) of 8%. The joints revealed 98.54%, 95.91%, and 66.67% of tensile strength, yield strength, and ductility of the parent metal. The LFW joints disclosed impact toughness (IT) of 17.2 J which is 89.77% impact toughness of the parent metal. The superior tensile properties and impact toughness of LFW-Ti6Al4V alloy joints are mainly attributed to a greater degree of refinement of α + β grains in the weld interface, which offers greater resistance to tensile deformation and crack propagation.
Chinese Decorative Color Based on Improved AlexNet in Interior Decoration Design
Authors: Shan Wei Lun , Jin Rong Mei , Ding Xian Yao
Published: September 2022

Since the twenty-first century, with the improvement of China’s comprehensive national strength and cultural confidence, our country has paid more and more attention to the protection and development of Chinese traditional culture, and more and more attention to the protection and development of China’s traditional culture, traditional culture has no longer become a simple symbol in history books but has gradually entered people’s daily life with the characteristics of vitality and gradually evolved into various characteristics and forms and integrated into all walks of life. Under the background of the evolution of this culture, this paper discusses the application of Chinese decorative color for interior decoration design and puts forward an application model of Chinese decorative color for interior design based on the AlexNet network improved by Adam, BN, dropout, and data enhancement optimization algorithm. Through analysis, it is found that the AlexNet network improved based on the above optimization algorithm has a good application prospect for interior decoration design. For the traditional AlexNet network, the improved AlexNet network is obviously better than the traditional AlexNet network in color extraction and can greatly reduce the loss value in the process of color recognition, up to 70.77%. Finally, the application forms and decorative functions of Chinese decorative color elements based on the improved AlexNet network in interior decoration design are analyzed. Relevant research can not only promote the integration of new and new technologies into traditional art but also effectively carry forward Chinese traditional culture and promote the internationalization of Chinese color.