bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possibility of simulating natural circulation in fast neutron reactors using a light water test facility
Authors: Slobodchuk Viktor I. , Uralov Dmitry A. , Avramova Ekaterina A.
Published: December 2021

The paper evaluates the possibility of modeling the heat transfer phenomena in a liquid-metal coolant using a light water test facility. It considers the natural circulation of the coolant in the upper plenum of the fast-neutron reactor. The sodium-cooled BN-1200 reactor was selected as the reactor installation to be modeled. The development of novel reactor designs must be based on the results of experimental studies. Some problems of modeling thermohydraulic processes in BN type reactors are studied by using sodium test facilities. Experimental studies of natural convection processes using light water test facilities can be considered as a good alternative to those using sodium test facilities. To validate the model, the similarity theory and the “black box” method were used and their principles and applicability were analyzed. Using the “black box” method makes it possible to avoid detailed modeling of such components as the reactor core and heat exchangers, replacing them by a simplified representation of these components to simulate the integral characteristics of the existing real life equipment. The paper considers the basic criteria which determine the similarity of the thermohydraulic processes under study. The governing criteria of similarity were estimated based on the fundamental differential equations of natural convection heat transfer. Based on these criteria, a set of dimensionless values was obtained which show the correlation between the model parameters and the characteristics of the reactor facility. Besides, generalized relationships were derived which can be used to estimate the scaling factors for calculating the key values of the reactor facility based on the model parameters. These relationships depend on the thermal-physics parameters of the working fluids, the geometrical scale value and the ratio of the thermal power of the model to that of the reactor facility, i.e., model-to-reactor thermal power ratio. The conditions under which it is possible to model sodium coolant by light water with adequate accuracy were analyzed. An example is given of the numerical values of the scaling factors for one of the reference light water test facilities. The paper uses the experience of a number of foreign researchers in this field, in particular, the accepted assumptions which do not result in serious loss in modeling accuracy. According to the available estimates, the assumptions used do not result in considerable losses in accuracy. Thus, the natural circulation of the sodium coolant in the upper plenum of the fast-neutron reactor can be simulated with adequate accuracy by using light water test facilities.
Countering Compassion Fatigue: A Requisite Nursing Agenda
Authors: Boyle Deborah
Published: December 2021

Nurses have a longstanding history of witnessing the tragedy experienced by patients and families; however, their own reactions to profound loss and premature death have not been systematically addressed. There is a paucity of research describing interventions to prevent or minimize the ramifications of repeated exposure to traumatic events in the clinical workplace. Compassion fatigue is a contemporary label affixed to the concept of personal vicarious exposure to trauma on a regular basis. Yet this phenomenon of compassion fatigue lacks clarity. In this article, the author begins by describing compassion fatigue and distinguishing compassion fatigue from burnout. Next she discusses risk factors for, and the assessment of compassion fatigue. The need to support nurses who witness tragedy and workplace interventions to confront compassion fatigue are described.
Dynamics of fractional order delay model of coronavirus disease
Authors: Zhang Lei ,   Department of Mathematics, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, 521041, China, Rahman Mati Ur , Ahmad Shabir , Riaz Muhammad Bilal , Jarad Fahd ,   Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai, China,   Department of Mathematics, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir (L), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan,   Department of Automation, Biomechanics and Mechatronics, Lodz University of Technology, 1/15 Stefanowskiego St., 90924, Lodz, Poland,   Department of Mathematics, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan,   Department of Mathematics, Cankaya University, Etimesgut 06790, Ankara, Turkey,   King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Saudia Arabia,   Department of Medical Research, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
Published: December 2021

The majority of infectious illnesses, such as HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, and coronavirus (2019-nCov), are extremely dangerous. Due to the trial version of the vaccine and different forms of 2019-nCov like beta, gamma, delta throughout the world, still, there is no control on the transmission of coronavirus. Delay factors such as social distance, quarantine, immigration limitations, holiday extensions, hospitalizations, and isolation are being utilized as essential strategies to manage the outbreak of 2019-nCov. The effect of time delay on coronavirus disease transmission is explored using a non-linear fractional order in the Caputo sense in this paper. The existence theory of the model is investigated to ensure that it has at least one and unique solution. The Ulam-Hyres (UH) stability of the considered model is demonstrated to illustrate that the stated model's solution is stable. To determine the approximate solution of the suggested model, an efficient and reliable numerical approach (Adams-Bashforth) is utilized. Simulations are used to visualize the numerical data in order to understand the behavior of the different classes of the investigated model. The effects of time delay on dynamics of coronavirus transmission are shown through numerical simulations via MATLAB-17.
Plaster sculpture between painting and architecture
Authors: Marchand Eckart
Published: December 2021

Plaster played an important part in making sculpture available to wider society in Renaissance Italy. This article examines painters’ and sculptors’ uses of the material, and how these may have predisposed them towards the production of art works that were accessible beyond the social elites. It discusses the making, selling, and perception of the major types of works in plaster, including Virgin and Child reliefs, casts after works by others, and secular all’antica compositions. Plaster was not the only material in use for these types of work, but its versatility and widespread use in sculptors’ and painters’ workshops gave it a particularly important role in the production of affordable art works. The article moves on to consider briefly architectural stucco decoration, garden sculpture, and the use of plaster in the context of ephemeral architecture and sculpture.
Competência de enfermeiros para uso do cateter central de inserção periférica em adultos1/ Nurses’ competence to use peripherally inserted central catheters among adults1
Authors: Porto Priscilla de Souza , Gonçalves Fernanda Alves Ferreira , Da Cruz Keila Cristianne Trindade , Santos Leidiene Ferreira , Bezerra Ana Lúcia Queiroz , Oliveira Lizete Malagoni de Almeida Cavalcante
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: Analisar a competência de enfermeiros para uso do cateter central de inserção periférica em adultos. Método: Estudo descritivo exploratório com abordagem qualitativa realizado em hospital de ensino de Goiás. Os dados foram coletados em março e abril/2017, por meio de entrevista individual norteada por roteiro estruturado e submetidos a análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Participaram 15 enfermeiros, que mostraram conhecimento insuficiente e referiram pouca habilidade para usar o cateter. Seis já tinham sido treinados, mas apenas dois afirmaram realizar o procedimento em sua prática. Alegaram falta de treinamento, de interesse e de incentivo institucional, hegemonia médica e sobrecarga de trabalho, entre outros. Para aumentar a adesão dos enfermeiros ao uso do cateter, os participantes sugeriram incentivo institucional para qualificação profissional e adequação do número de enfermeiros na assistência. Conclusão: Os enfermeiros demonstraram fragilidade nos três pilares que determinam competência profissional para uso do cateter central de inserção periférica: conhecimento, habilidade e atitude. Recomenda-se atitude proativa em busca de qualificação profissional e uma filosofia institucional de educação continuada, para manter atualizada a equipe de saúde e garantir a segurança do paciente.
Vivências acerca da hospitalização: percepções de gestantes de alto risco
Authors: Rodrigues Antonia Regynara Moreira , Carvalho Larisse Alves Fernandes , Silva Laianny Luize Lima e , Cavalcante Ana Egliny Sabino , Santos Aliniana da Silva , Abreu Silva Kellyanne
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: conhecer as percepções de gestantes de alto risco sobre a hospitalização durante a gravidez. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, com 32 gestantes de alto risco hospitalizadas em uma maternidade pública de referência no estado do Ceará. A coleta das informações ocorreu de julho a setembro de 2016, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, e as falas foram submetidas à análise categorial temática. Resultados: os relatos das gestantes de alto risco revelam suas vivências e compreensão acerca do processo de hospitalização, realçando os procedimentos realizados, os sentimentos e as relações estabelecidas, discutidas a partir das subcategorias: Conhecendo a vivência da hospitalização na gestação de alto risco e Significado da hospitalização para a gestante de alto risco. Considerações finais: a vivência da hospitalização, embora responsável por despertar diversos sentimentos e sensações negativas na vida da gestante, também é percebida como um evento necessário para a atenção especializada e para a monitorização da gravidez.
O itinerário terapêutico da criança com doença falciforme/The therapeutic itinerary of the child withfalciform disease
Authors: Costa Nascimento Petri Thaís , Nunes Nascimento Luciana de Cassia , Bastos Depianti Jéssica Renata , Damasceno de Aguiar Brotto Léia , Rabello Laignier Mariana , Valeria de Souza Almeida Marcia
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: conhecer o itinerário terapêutico da criança com doença falciforme acompanhada em um ambulatório de hematologia de um hospital público infantil. Método: pesquisa qualitativa realizada em um ambulatório de hematologia pediátrica de um hospital público do estado do Espírito Santo. A coleta dos dados ocorreu no período de janeiro a junho de 2019 por meio da entrevista semiestruturada com 10 familiares da criança com doença falciforme. Os dados foram submetidos à Análise Temática. Resultados: o itinerário terapêutico se inicia a partir da descoberta da doença e encaminhamento aos serviços de saúde especializados. Os participantes relataram o conhecimento sobre a crise e quais os locais de atendimento que levam a criança para ser atendida. Além disso, houve relato quanto à frequência de consultas e o acesso ao serviço, demostrando não terem dificuldade com ele e estarem satisfeitos com o atendimento prestado. Considerações finais:o estudo revelou um itinerário terapêutico no qual a criança perpassa por serviços de saúde gerais no momento do diagnóstico e é encaminhada para o serviço especializado, na rede de atenção à saúde secundária, para seguimento do seu tratamento e prevenção das complicações. Além disso, os serviços de saúde são eficazes, porém centralizados.
 Estratégias de cuidado às gestantes dependentes de drogas: um scoping review/Care strategies for drug-dependent pregnant women: a scoping review
Authors: Elienai de Farias Gama Siqueira  , Sayuri Tanaka Maeda
Published: December 2021

Introdução: este trabalho buscou responder à seguinte pergunta de pesquisa: como cuidar da dependência, de drogas lícitas e ilícitas, de gestantes em contexto de serviço ambulatorial de saúde? Objetivo: identificar na literatura as estratégias interventivas de cuidados às gestantes afetadas pelo consumo de drogas lícitas e ilícitas. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo de revisão do tipo Scoping Review de acordo com o Instituto Joanna Briggs. Bases de dados pesquisadas: LILACS, MedLine, BDENF, PubMed, Web of Science e CINHAL. Os principais descritores foram: gestantes, drogas ilícitas, padrão de cuidado e assistência ambulatorial. Resultados: foram identificados 939 artigos sendo selecionados nove estudos da base de dados PubMed, publicados nos Estados Unidos, com desenho do tipo ensaio clínico randomizado, no período de 2007- 2015. As gestantes apresentavam perfis de baixa renda e de vulnerabilidade social. As estratégias de intervenção de cuidados foram de entrevista motivacional aprimorada, intervenção breve e, especialmente, de um projeto de intervenção terapêutica pelo trabalho, cuja finalidade era o estímulo à abstinência associado ao apoio financeiro para melhora da qualidade de vida. Conclusão: a produção do cuidado às gestantes envolveu trabalho relacional como acolhimento, vínculo, escuta e sensibilidade para abordagem sócio-histórico-cultural, associados às especificidades de gênero e tempo.
 Avaliação do conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre neutropenia febril em crianças com câncer/Evaluation of nurses knowledge about febrile neutropenia in children with cancer
Authors: Almeida Silva Rafaela , Talita de Moraes Ramos Yasmim , Da Silva Santiago Maria Rayane , Theresa Camilo de Lima Maria , Rodrigues de Souza Nauã , Boulitreau Siqueira Campos Barros Mariana , Bushatsky Magaly
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento dos enfermeiros diante da neutropenia febril em pacientes pediátricos com diagnóstico de neoplasia maligna. Método: Estudo transversal e descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em dois hospitais referência em oncologia pediátrica de Recife/PE. A amostra contou com 20 enfermeiros. Os dados foram coletados entre setembro e outubro de 2017, por meio da aplicação de um questionário semiestruturado, analisados através do Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) e apresentados com recursos de estatística descritiva. Resultados: Verificou-se que 100% (n=20) da amostra foi composta pelo sexo feminino, 60% (n=12) apresentaram faixa etária de 30-39 anos. Em relação ao conhecimento acerca da neutropenia febril, 50% (n=10) participaram de cursos de capacitação/atualização sobre o tema, 25% (n=5) acertaram entre 50-60% das questões aplicadas e apenas 5% (n=1) acertaram 100% do questionário. Conclusão: observou-se um elevado índice de fragilidade no conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre a neutropenia febril, mostrando-se fundamental a busca de conhecimento para que, assim, os pacientes sejam mais bem assistidos e recebam um tratamento adequado e especializado.
Effect of Rolling Orientation on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ31B Mg Alloy
Authors: Alzoabi Sultan , Zhou Sheng Gang , Sun Xiao Dong , Schaal Natalie , Santos Nathan , Manganiello John , Lynch Finn , Soriano Matthew , Es-Said Salim , Li Yong Jun , Fuhr Ngoc , Avchen Brian , Ghandi Kris , Es-Said Omar S.
Published: December 2021

The magnesium AZ31B alloy has been utilized in a variety of applications within the automotive and aviation industries due to its high specific strength, low-cost processing, and low density. However, the AZ31B alloy generally has poor ductility and limited workability at room temperature. The objective of this study was to develop a manufacturing processing technique to increase the potential uses of this alloy. The methodology includes cold rolling and annealing using small pass reductions until the samples reached a final thickness of 1.78 mm (0.07 in). The samples were cut into 10.16 mm (0.4 in), 7.62 mm (0.3 in), and 5.08 mm (0.2 in) thicknesses prior to cold rolling and were rolled in 0-, 45-, and 90-degree rolling directions. The grain shapes and sizes were examined via optical microscopy. Tensile testing was conducted to determine the strength and ductility. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were taken to evaluate fractured surfaces. All processes including rolling direction and furnace cooling or air cooling after annealing produced similar results of medium strength (245-250 MPa in ultimate strength, 122-127 MPa in yield) and greater than 22.5% elongations in very thin sheets. Samples rolled along the 45-degree direction produced the highest percent reduction in thickness.
Study on the Wear of Cutting-Tools Used in Dry Machining of Cu-10wt%Al-5wt%Ni-5wt%Fe Alloy
Authors: Guimarães Marcos de Aguiar , dos Santos Givanildo Alves , Nascimento Mauricio S. , Teram Rogerio , dos Santos Vinicius Torres , da Silva Marcio Rodrigues , Couto Antonio Augusto , Machado Izabel Fernanda
Published: December 2021

Aluminium bronze alloys are special copper alloys that have a machinability rate from 20 to 40% compared to free cutting brasses, so the cutting parameters and type of tools suitable for machining of these materials may be very different for other copper alloys. Also, due to the relative high costs of the raw material, the absence of contamination of the chips by cutting fluids improve its intrinsic resales value and encourage the use of machining process without coolant. The aim of this work is to evaluate the tool wear mechanisms in the finishing machining of the Cu-10wt%Al-5wt%Ni-5wt%Fe aluminium-bronze alloy with carbide and cermet inserts at different cutting speeds under dry machining condition. The turning of material showed lower surface roughness in higher speed conditions and better dimensional stability at lower speeds. It was observed the formation of continuous chips, but of little volume occupied. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses of tool wear show the adhesion as the main tool wear mechanism, followed by abrasion. At the lower cutting speed, the adhesion wears affected significantly the surface finish, reducing the tool life in comparison to the higher speeds.
Ortotteri dei Gessi Messiniani: Dolina della Spipola (Appennino Tosco-Emiliano) (Orthoptera)
Authors: Pedroni Guido , Marangoni Federico , Buzzetti Filippo Maria
Published: December 2021

Viene presentata la fauna a Ortotteri della dolina della Spipola, struttura carsica del pede appennino Emiliano che è caratterizzata dalla presenza del gesso (Formazione Gessoso-Solfifera del Messiniano). dopo una presentazione degli aspetti morfologici, climatici e vegetazionali della dolina, vengono presentate le specie di Ortotteri che definiscono la fauna di questo territorio nord appenninico; si tratta di 21 specie con ecologia ben definita, ma con alcune specie che si contraddistinguono per peculiarità ecologiche da collegarsi con aspetti climatici e vegetazionali diversificati caratterizzanti la dolina stessa.
Prevalence and patterns of coronary artery anomalies in 28,800 adult patients undergoing angiography in a large tertiary care centre in India
Authors: Bansal Ankit , Sarkar Prattay Guha , Gupta Mohit D. , Girish MP , Kunal Shekhar , Batra Vishal , Yusuf Jamal , Safal  , Mukhopadhyay Saibal , Tyagi Sanjay
Published: December 2021

Coronary artery anomalies (CAAs) are a diverse group of disorders with varied clinical presentation and pathophysiological mechanisms. A majority of these anomalies are asymptomatic and often an incidental finding on coronary angiogram or autopsy. This retrospective study included 28,800 patients who underwent coronary angiography from 2016 to 2020. The coronary angiograms were reviewed by two independent reviewers and CAAs were documented. CAAs were classified into (a) anomalies of coronary artery connection, (b) anomalies of intrinsic coronary arterial anatomy and (c) anomalies of myocardial/coronary artery interaction as proposed by the European Society of Cardiology. Of the 28,800 coronary angiograms, CAAs were present in 4.12% with anomalies in the left coronary artery (LCA) being most common. Anomalies of coronary artery connection were most common (48.48%) followed by anomalies of myocardial/coronary artery interaction (34.49%) and anomalies of intrinsic coronary artery anatomy (17.03%). Among anomalies of coronary artery connection, absent left main trunk or split LCA with separate origins of left anterior descending coronary artery and left circumflex coronary artery from the left coronary sinus of Valsalva (22.59%) was most common. An intramural course or “myocardial bridge” had an incidence of 1.16%  while incidence of coronary artery fistulae (CAF) was 0.115%.
When Direct Pressure Is Not Enough: An Educational Technique for Teaching Wound Packing in Athletic Training Education
Authors: Thrasher Ashley B. , Strapp Edward J.
Published: December 2021

Context

Uncontrolled hemorrhage is a major cause of preventable death. Wound care and managing external hemorrhage are important skills for athletic trainers.

Objective

Describe a laboratory activity used to allow students to practice managing uncontrolled external hemorrhage and wound packing.

Background

The prevalence of active shooter and other mass casualty events has grown, and a trend to move military-based emergency skills into civilian casualty care has emerged. Athletic trainers are uniquely positioned to respond to catastrophic events at the time of injury. Controlling hemorrhage and rapidly applying a tourniquet or administering wound packing have a great effect in preventing death due to severe hemorrhage.

Description

An educational technique using a pork shoulder was implemented to provide students with experience in wound packing.

Clinical Advantage(s)

Students describe this activity as a beneficial way to gain experience on an important skill not often seen in the clinical education setting.

Conclusion(s)

Faculty may consider implementing wound packing using a pork shoulder as a laboratory activity when teaching wound care and external hemorrhage management.
Critical Assessment and Reflection on Experience Form: A Novel Approach to Clinical Assessment
Authors: Madden Meredith J. , Ritenour Donna , Mace Kimberly L.
Published: December 2021

Context

There is a clear need for quality improvement in health care. The 2020 Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education Standards for Professional Athletic Training Programs require students to apply concepts of quality improvement to provide athletic training care and deliver excellent patient outcomes. As such, programs may be looking for strategies to view students' clinical experiences through a lens of quality improvement.

Objective

To introduce the Critical Assessment and Reflection on Experience (CARE) form, which is a novel clinical education tool that assesses student clinical skills using critical reflection and quality improvement concepts.

Background

Historically, students have demonstrated achievement by comparing their skill performance with a competency checklist. Typically, the skills assessed, and the level of achievement expected progress to allow learning over time. However, current athletic training clinical education literature has shifted to promote experiential learning, critical thinking, and active reflection to develop competence.

Description

Students complete the CARE form after patient encounters or other clinical experiences. The form requires students to practice documentation and communication skills, but also to critically reflect on performance by applying quality improvement, patient safety, and evidence-based practice concepts.

Clinical Advantage(s)

The form holds advantages for multiple stakeholders, including students, preceptors, and program administrators. The CARE form encourages students to engage in authentic patient interactions rather than relying on contrived learning experiences. By encouraging live patient encounters, this tool results in less burden on preceptors to create additional opportunities for students. Program administrators can use the tool to incorporate quality improvement standards meaningfully into the curriculum. Additionally, the CARE form creates opportunity to document program assessment.

Conclusion(s)

Professional programs should consider implementing the CARE form as a clinical experience assessment tool to develop students' quality improvement and critical thinking skills when providing athletic training services.
Application of artificial intelligence for diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by EUS
Authors: Prasoppokakorn Thaninee , Tiyarattanachai Thodsawit , Chaiteerakij Roongruedee , Decharatanachart Pakanat , Mekaroonkamol Parit , Ridtitid Wiriyaporn , Kongkam Pradermchai , Rerknimitr Rungsun
Published: December 2021

EUS-guided tissue acquisition carries certain risks from unnecessary needle puncture in the low-likelihood lesions. Artificial intelligence (AI) system may enable us to resolve these limitations. We aimed to assess the performance of AI-assisted diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) by off-line evaluating the EUS images from different modes. The databases PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, ISI, IEEE, and Association for Computing Machinery were systematically searched for relevant studies. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and summary receiver operating characteristic curve were estimated using R software. Of 369 publications, 8 studies with a total of 870 PDAC patients were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of AI-assisted EUS were 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87–0.93) and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.79–0.96), respectively, with DOR of 81.6 (95% CI, 32.2–207.3), for diagnosis of PDAC. The area under the curve was 0.923. AI-assisted B-mode EUS had pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.91, 0.90, 0.94, and 0.84, respectively; while AI-assisted contrast-enhanced EUS and AI-assisted EUS elastography had sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 0.95, 0.95, 0.97, and 0.90; and 0.88, 0.83, 0.96 and 0.57, respectively. AI-assisted EUS has a high accuracy rate and may potentially enhance the performance of EUS by aiding the endosonographers to distinguish PDAC from other solid lesions. Validation of these findings in other independent cohorts and improvement of AI function as a real-time diagnosis to guide for tissue acquisition are warranted.
Attenuation of Hyperinsulinemia-induced DNA Damage of Peripheral Lymphocytes by Carvedilol
Authors: Naghsh-Nilchi Farshad , Etebari Mahmoud
Published: December 2021

Context:

Most people with diabetes suffer from cardiovascular problems; however, increased oxidative stress caused by diabetes can increase the risk of DNA damage and cancer. Carvedilol is a third-generation beta-blocker that can both improve heart function and prevent oxidative stress.

Aims:

The present study aimed to assess carvedilol's genoprotective effects against hyperinsulinemia-induced DNA strand break in rats.

Materials and Methods:

To evaluate the extent of DNA damage caused by high insulin concentrations and the effect of carvedilol on these lesions, isolated lymphocytes of high-fat type 2 diabetic rats were evaluated using the comet method.

Results:

Our results in this study using the comet method showed that hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia of high-fat diet have significant genotoxic parameters in rats (tail length 84.35 ± 0.23 vs. 0.90 ± 0.02, % DNA in tail 16.09 ± 0.09 vs. 7.63 ± 0.04, and tail moment 13.58 ± 0.09 vs. 0.07 ± 0.01) compared with the control group (P < 0.001). In rats receiving carvedilol, we observed the genoprotective effect in a dose-dependent manner, which is predicted due to the antioxidant activity of carvedilol and its metabolites.

Conclusion:

It does not have an adverse effect on the blood sugar profile of diabetics and reduction of cardiovascular complications of the disease; carvedilol can prevent genetic damage and cancer risk in hyperinsulinemia induced by the high-fat diet.
Enhancing Cognitive Performance with Rejuvenation of Brain Antioxidant Markers and Acetylcholinesterase Activity by Ethanolic Extract of Cucurbita pepo L. Seeds in Scopolamine-Induced Model of Dementia in Rats
Authors: Nain Parminder , Kumar Sunil , Bhatia Manisha , Kaur Jaspreet
Published: December 2021

Background:

Cucurbita pepo L. herb has been traditionally used for treating numerous disorders in Asian and African countries, including India.

Objective:

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the memory-enhancing activity of C. pepo L. seeds based on its antioxidant potential in cognitive impairment rat model induced by scopolamine.

Materials and Methods:

The experimental animals were treated with the ethanolic extract of C. pepo L. seeds (EECPS) (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg, p.o.). Piracetam (200 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as standard drug and given for 14 consecutive days. Cognitive impairment was evaluated by a passive avoidance apparatus and the Morris water maze test. The oxidative parameters in brain of rats were estimated to explore oxidative stress in experimental animals. Data were analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance followed by Student's t-test.

Results:

The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of active ingredients such as terpenoids, phenols, alkaloids, and flavonoids in the EECPS. The total phenol content was estimated quantitatively in EECPS and found to be 8.37±0.2 mg gallic acid equivalent/g. The EECPS at a dose of 400 mg/kg has depicted a maximum increase in step-down latency and reduction in escape latency on behavioral tests, with decrease in oxidative stress by showing an increase in levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione and subsequently a decrease in the malondialdehyde level. Cholinesterase activity was also found to decrease with 400 and 800 mg/kg EECPS when compared with the scopolamine group.

Conclusion:

The results of the study clearly suggest that EECPS ameliorated spatial memory impairment induced by scopolamine, which could further attribute to their antioxidant properties.
Herbal Nanoemulsion in Topical Drug Delivery and Skin Disorders
Authors: Chaurasiya Chanchal , Gupta Jitendra , Kumar Sachin
Published: December 2021

A topical drug delivery system can be a future trend for drug delivery because of the availability of the largest surface area of skin than any other organ. Although the skin has some advantages such as ease of application, patient compliance, and safety, it has many disadvantages such as permeability and bioavailability via first-pass metabolism and others. Nanoemulsion can be a future trend for topical delivery of drugs because of its very fine droplet size range, lipophilic and/or hydrophilic nature, and suitability for various administration routes such as parenteral, oral, topical, intranasal, ocular, and pulmonary. The contents of nanoemulsions make them suitable for human use because the oil/lipid, water, surfactants, and co-surfactants used in the formulation of nanoemulsion are relatively safe and nontoxic. Nowadays, people are more attracted to natural preparations as of their inherited qualities and fewer side effects. Due to herbal drugs’ compatibility in nanoemulsion, it is considered the best technology for the green approach of the medicine system. The article presented the foundation for the above statement by different literature surveys on the herbal nanoemulsion formulations.
Comparative study between the efficacy of subcision versus subcision with poly-L-lactic acid threads in facial atrophic scar treatment
Authors: Elrefaei Nehal M.H. , Wael Mohamed Saudi , El Attar Yasmina A. , Hassan Arwa M.
Published: December 2021

Background

Subcision is defined as an office surgical technique that has been considered for treatment of atrophic scars. Thread insertion is a well-known effective therapy for face lifting. Recently, some studies proved their efficacy in atrophic facial scar treatment.

Aim

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of subcision versus subcision with poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) threads in treatment of facial atrophic scars.

Patients and methods

Thirty patients with facial atrophic scars were included. They were divided into two groups, group I treated with subcision and group II treated with subcision and PLLA threads. All patients were evaluated clinically after 3 months.

Results

After 3 months, in group I, the mean clinical improvement was 58.40±20.52. In group II, the mean clinical improvement was 68.40±13.88. The degree of improvement of group II was better than group I but did not show a statistically significant difference (P=0.796). The side effects were very minimal in both groups.

Conclusion

For atrophic facial scar treatment, combined subcision with PLLA thread insertion seems to be more effective than subcision alone.
Epidemiological study of the recorded leprotic patients over a period of 12 years (2005–2016) in Gharbia Governorate, Egypt
Authors: Abo-El Maged Deif Eman E. , El Attar Yasmina A. , El Saleet Gamalat M. , Hassen Arwa M.
Published: December 2021

Background

Leprosy is a complicated infectious disease that caused disabilities to different systems.

Aim

The aim of this work was to study the epidemiological profile of new recorded leprotic patients over a period of 12 years (2005–2016) in Gharbia Governorate.

Patients and methods

This is a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional recorded-based study in which data were collected of patients who were clinically and histopathologically diagnosed with leprosy between 2005 and 2016 detected at Tanta University Hospital, Dermatology and Venerology outpatient clinic, and Tanta Dermatology and Leprosy Hospital. Also, we compared our results with the past study that detected the number of leprotic patients over a period of 12 years (1994–2005) in Tanta University Hospital, Gharbia, Egypt.

Results

Our study revealed that the incidence of new leprotic patients was increased in Gharbia Governorate than outside it. Regarding age, sex, and bacteriology, the most common age was between 40 and less than 50, and 50 and less than 60 years, males were more affected, and most cases were positive. In comparison between our study and the old study, the prevalence was significantly higher among males but children were lower affected in our study. Concerning disabilities, feet, hand, and eye were affected respectively mainly in 2005 and then 2006. The common clinical types of leprosy found were multibacillary, paucibacillary, neural, and histoid type, respectively.

Conclusion

The results of this study showed a decrease in the incidence of new leprotic patients through the study period in comparison with the old study in Egypt.
'Italian Opera' in 'Central Europe', 1600–1780: Research Trends and the Geographic Imagination
Authors: Strohm Reinhard
Published: December 2021

This brief survey of literature, provided with a bibliography, proposes to critically inform about research carried out over the last 30 years, and to identify research trends regarding subject definition, methodology and epistemology of the apparent duality, 'Italian Opera' and 'Central Europe'. A main question is how researchers have imagined their subject as a geographical space, and what their changing priorities had to do with developing regional concepts in music history. It is shown how, in the 1960s and 70s, the reception of Italian Opera in Europe was conceptualised as a national and European, not a regional question; how specialisation on mechanisms of production and consumption in the 1980s instigated more socially-oriented research, and how in this context both a nationalist and a universalist direction were being undermined. A renewed focus in the 1990s on small-scale production units such as individual cities, opera companies and travelling indivduals enabled researchers to recategorise Italian opera as a regional and diverse phenomenon. The contribution of such projects as the Storia dell'Opera Italiana (ed. Bianconi), the various Hofkultur researches in Germany, and the ESF programme Music in Europe, 1600-1900, with its study group on Italian Opera in Central Europe (Dubowy et al.) have now become influential. International collaboration also beyond 'central' Europe has seemed the most appropriate means of achieving good research results. Central Europe was, at least in opera, typified by its interest for the music of 'non-central' Italy. The concept of Central Europe in music (as in other matters) is a concept without borders.
Warschau und seine musikalische Identität in der ersten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhundert (die so genannten Sachsenzeiten)
Authors: Żórawska-Witkowska Alina
Published: December 2021

Warschau und seine musikalische Identität in der ersten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhundert (die so genannten Sachsenzeiten)
Tschechische musikalische Identität in mitteleuropäischem Kontext am Anfang des 21. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Slavický Milan
Published: December 2021

Tschechische musikalische Identität in mitteleuropäischem Kontext am Anfang des 21. Jahrhunderts
Slowenische Musik als Teil der mitteleuropäischen
Authors: Klemenčič Ivan
Published: December 2021

Slowenische Musik als Teil der mitteleuropäischen
Die Darstellung Mitteleuropas in der slowenischen Literatur
Authors: Kralj Lado
Published: December 2021

Die Darstellung Mitteleuropas in der slowenischen Literatur
Slowenische bildende Kunst und ihre Einbindung in den mitteleuropäischen Raum
Authors: Prelovšek Damjan
Published: December 2021

Slowenische bildende Kunst und ihre Einbindung in den mitteleuropäischen Raum
Der Einfluß der slowenischen Jesuiten auf die musikalischen Zustände in Mitteleuropa im 17. Jahrhundert
Authors: Faganel Tomaž
Published: December 2021

Der Einfluß der slowenischen Jesuiten auf die musikalischen Zustände in Mitteleuropa im 17. Jahrhundert
Mitteleuropas Beitrag zur Stilentwicklung und Geschichte der europäischen Musik
Authors: Elschek Oskar
Published: December 2021

Mitteleuropas Beitrag zur Stilentwicklung und Geschichte der europäischen Musik
Aspekte der Überlieferung von Mensuralmusik in Zentraleuropa während des 15. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Schmid Bernhold
Published: December 2021

Aspekte der Überlieferung von Mensuralmusik in Zentraleuropa während des 15. Jahrhunderts
Central Europe in the Sixteenth Century: A Musical Melting Pot
Authors: Pruett Lilian P.
Published: December 2021

After briefly reviewing the problems arising from attempts to dentify precise geographical outlines of Central Europe in the course of time, the author opts to use the limitations existing in the sixteenth century, the time frame of the presentation. This means, essentially, the borders of the Habsburg homelands, i.e., the southeastern part of the Holy Roman Empire. The paper argues that the roots of Central European musical practices were established through the foundation of regulated institutional entities such as the imperial chapels of Maximilian I (1496) and other rulers (Albrecht V of Bavaria, 1550), their successors and imitators, as well as the transalpine Renaissance church centers. As these institutions were staffed by musicians coming from virtually every corner of Europe – each practitioner bringing his own territorial contribution with him – the emerging musical consciousness of the Central European region had as cosmopolitan a foundation as that of Europe at large. Still, the proximity of the Central European art music scene to the variety of local ethnic traditions may be interpreted as lending a flavor to the musical expression of the area, endowing it with a character of its own. While in its beginnings the recipient of many influences from multinational contributors, in a later, equally cosmopolitan period (the Classicism of the eighteenth century), Central Europe reciprocates in equal measure, its contributions exerting impact upon European music in general.
SARS-CoV-2 and its sinister routes of transmission: Mauritius from COVID safe paradise to COVID outbreak
Authors: Robinson Jared , Leclézio Alexandra , Banerjee Indrajit
Published: December 2021

Nil.
Differences in the genotype frequencies of genes related to blood pressure regulation-a comparative study between South-West Europe and Peri-equatorial Africa
Authors: Aguiar Laura , Semente Ildegário , Ferreira Joana , Carvalho Andreia , P Silva Alda , Caroça Cristina , Caria Helena , Damasceno Albertino , J Laires Maria , Sardinha Luís , Monteiro Cristina , R Mascarenhas Mário , Faustino Paula , Inácio Ângela , Bicho Manuel
Published: December 2021

Background: Since the emergence of the genus Homo, hominids have occupied a wide variety of environments, facing different selective pressures.

Objectives: The aim this study is to compare genotype frequencies between South-West Europe and Peri-equatorial Africa in genes potentially modulators of blood pressure.

Methods: The analyzed sample consisted of 325 individuals from Portugal and 226 individuals from Africa (48 from Mozambique and 178 from São Tomé and Príncipe). The following genetic variants were analyzed: intron 4 VNTR in eNOS, rs1050829 in G6PD, -3.7kb α-thalassemic deletion in HBA, rs1800457 in CYB5R3, Hp 1/2 genotype/phenotype in Hp and intron 16 I/D in ACE.

Results: Frequencies of genotypes with the 4a allele in eNOS (p<0.001), the G allele in G6PD (p<0.001), the α-3.7 kb in HBA (p <0.001), the C allele in the CYB5R3 (p<0.001) were higher in Peri-equatorial Africa. The Hp 1.1 genotype of Hp has a higher frequency in Peri-equatorial Africa (p=0.002). ACE shows no significant differences.

Conclusion: Results show differences in five genetic variants. Conditions of extreme heat and humidity, characteristic of Peri-equatorial Africa, have been associated with increased sodium loss. This study suggests that selected compensatory mechanisms printed in the genome, are nowadays risk factors for hypertension in Peri-equatorial Africa.

Keywords: Blood pressure; genetics; Africa.
Histopathological patterns and topographical distribution of Kaposi Sarcoma at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania
Authors: Gervas Reginald , Mgaya Edward
Published: December 2021

Background: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is derived from endothelial cell lineage; it is caused by Human Herpes Virus-8 (HHV-8) facilitated by immune suppression. KS remains one of the commonest sarcoma seen in Tanzania. The paucity of recent data makes monitoring the disease a challenge. This study describes the Histopathological Patterns and Topographical distribution of Kaposi Sarcoma at Muhimbili National Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Tanzania.

Methods: A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study was done to review biopsies sent to the Central Pathology Laboratory (CPL), Muhimbili National Hospital from 2010 to 2014.

Results: A total of 818 cases representing 1.8 % of all malignancies during the study period were enrolled in the study. The age of patients at diagnosis ranged from 6 months to 94 years old, with the median age being 37 years. Male to female ratiowas 1.4:1.0. Females were younger than males (p < 0.001). The majority of the lesions were in the lower limbs, 352 (64.1%). Nodular KS accounted for 74.5% of all cases.

Conclusion: Kaposi’s sarcoma remains a common malignancy. The patients present late at diagnosis. Early diagnosis and improved treatment protocols remain to be key steps towards reducing the burden of KS.

Keywords: Kaposi's Sarcoma; Histopathological Patterns; Topographical distribution.
COVID-19 in Africa: rethinking the tools to manage future pandemics
Authors: Emahi Ismaila , CNC Watts Mimmie , Azibere Samuel , F Morrison Joseph , AN Sarpong Kwabena
Published: December 2021

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains an incurable, progressive pneumonia-like illness characterized by fever, dry cough, fatigue, and headache during its early stages. COVID-19 has ultimately resulted in mortality in at least 2 million people worldwide. Millions of people globally have already been affected by this disease, and the numbers are expected to increase, perhaps until an effective cure or vaccine is identified.Although Africa was initially purported by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be severely hit by the pandemic, Africa recorded the least number of cases during the first wave, with lowest rates of infections, compared to Asia, Europe, and the Americas. This statistic might be attributed to the low testing capacity, existing public health awareness and lessons learnt during Ebola epidemic. Nonetheless, the relatively low rate of infection should be an opportunity for Africa to be better prepared to overcome this and future epidemics.In this paper, the authors provide insights into the dynamics and transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) during the first wave of the pandemic; possible explanations into the relatively low rates of infection recorded in Africa; with recommendations for Africa to continue to fight Covid-19; and position itself to effectively manage future pandemics.

Keywords: Covid-19; Ebola; Science Leadership in Africa; Vaccine; SARS-COV-2; Preventative Health; Future Pandemics.
Trauma unit management and outcomes at an urban tertiary hospital in sub-Saharan Africa: a descriptive study
Authors: Stone Luggya Tonny , Alenyo Ngabirano Annet , Sarah Richardson , Osire John , Achieng Lilian , Nabulime Josephine , Mabweijano Jackie
Published: December 2021

Background: Injuries are a neglected burden despite accounting for 9% of deaths worldwide which is 1.7 times that of hiv, tb and malaria combined. Trauma remains overlooked as research and resources are focused on infectious diseases. Ugandawith limited trauma epidemiological data has one of the highest traumatic injury rates. This study describes demographics, management and outcomes of patients admitted to mulago hospital trauma unit.

Materials and methods: This study was a retrospective record review from july 2012 to december 2015. A data collected included age, time and vitals of admission plus interventions, management and outcomes after which it was analyzed.

Results: 834 patient records were reviewed. The predominant age group was 18-35 and 86% of the patients were male. 54% of the patients presented during day and majority of the admission had gcs of less than 8. Antibiotics were given to 467 patients with mechanical ventilation (301) and intubation (289) as the frequent interventions done. 52% of admitted patients were discharged and 40% died.

Conclusion: Most admissions’ were of youthful age and had severe head injuries (gcs<8). 56% received antibiotics with frequent interventions beig mechanical ventilation and intubation. 52% of admitted patients were discharged and 40% died.

Keywords: Trauma; trauma care; emergency care; head injury.
Magnitude of post-operative mortality and associated factors among patients who underwent surgery in Wolaita Sodo teaching and referral hospital, SNNPR region, Ethiopia
Authors: Tekalign Tiwabwork , Balta Habtamu , Kelbiso Lolemo
Published: December 2021

Background: Each year 4.2 million people around the world die within 30 days of surgery and postoperative deaths account for 7.7 % of all deaths. So this study aimed to asses’ magnitude of postoperative mortality and associated factors among patients who underwent surgery in Wolaita Sodo University Teaching referral Hospital.Method: Retrospective cross sectional design was carried out from April 15-30 2019. Card review was done on 384 participants by using Systematic sampling technique. Entered to Epi Data; exported to SPSS for analysis. Variables with p-value < 0.25 in bivariate analysis were entered to multivariate logistic regression. Statistical significance is determined at p-value < 0.05.Results: The magnitude of postoperative mortality was 5.7%. Using surgical check list (AOR= 0.18; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.61), having comorbid condition (AOR= 4.45; 95% CI 1.39 to 14.19), and don’t having blood transfusion (AOR= 0.07; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.22) and general anesthesia (AOR= 4.37; 95% CI 1.17 to 16.30) are factors of post-operative mortality.Conclusion: The magnitude of postoperative mortality was high. Surgical check list, comorbidity, blood transfusion and general anesthesia are factors. The hospital should encourage using of surgical check list and work on comorbid patients to decrease the mortality.

Keywords: Magnitude; mortality; surgery; post-operative; Wolaita.