bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breeding success of the Himalayan griffon (Gyps himalayensis) in Upper Mustang, Nepal
Authors: Wagley Kopila , Devkota Ravi Prasad , Bhusal Krishna Prasad
Published: December 2020

Long-term conservation of the species requires the availability of their natural habitat along with all those factors that support their viability. Understanding the breeding success of vulture and different factors affecting it is important to line up species conservation, although very less is known about the reproductive and behavioral ecology of Himalayan griffon (Gyps himalayensis). Therefore, the present study was carried out in Upper Mustang areas of Nepal, a prime habitat for the species. For the determination of the factors influencing breeding success, exploratory research design was used. Identification of vulture’s nests was done by direct observation. Altogether 78 nests were identified with 41.02% breeding success with occupied nest as the primary unit. Almost all the productive nests were found in steep cliffs facing north direction. Nesting sites were located near water sources. Grazing and noise respectively have positive and negative impacts on the breeding success. Developmental activities like road construction, distribution of power lines is proven threat to vulture as per locals' perception and require development activities to be carried out with proper planning.
Distributional evidence and threats to cheer pheasant (Catreus wallichii) in Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal
Authors: Chhetri Nar Bahadur , Dhami Bijaya , Neupane Bijaya , Sadadev Bipana Maiya , Thapa Nabaraj
Published: December 2020

Cheer pheasant, a vulnerable species in the pheasant family, Phasianidae, is found distributed through the southern foothills of the Himalayas from Pakistan to Nepal. In Nepal, it has been recorded from few areas including the Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA) in central Nepal. However, no systematic survey has been conducted on this shy species in the ACA since 2010. Thus, this study represents a general picture of cheer pheasant distribution and potential threats in Lete and Kunjo Rural Municipalities of Mustang district within the ACA by establishing vantage points in different locations. Among ten vantage stations, cheer pheasants were detected from all stations in Kunjo but only from three stations in Lete. The major threats to the species were found to be overgrazing, habitat fragmentation and hunting/snaring. For the effective conservation of cheer pheasants, a conservation program should be promptly formulated and implemented in Mustang district.
Life-Saving Techniques in Nepalese Culture against Pandemic
Authors: Khatiwada Som Prasad
Published: December 2020

Our ancestors were suffered from different kinds of the pandemic in the past. Like big natural disasters, big pandemic originated in each century killed millions of people on the earth. Our forefathers were familiar with such pandemics. Therefore, they developed the techniques of saving the lives of people inside the culture. Such techniques are popular as social rules, which were necessary to follow by the people of the society. For example, management of separate house for the kitchen and separate guest rooms is more scientific to control such pandemic. In the same way habits of cleaning hands, legs, and face after traveling outside the home relates to health as well as cultural behavior. The system of keeping a distance from other people is also culturally taught. Respecting people with joining hands or doing Namaste instead of shaking hands is our culture, which is very popular in the present pandemic period. Our forefathers developed such techniques and saved the lives of many people in the big pandemics period. Therefore, we need to explore such cultural habits and rules and follow them for the sake of saving lives in the present pandemic period.
The Effect of Demographic Variables on Secondary Level Students' Attitude towards Mathematics in Nepal
Authors: Kunwar Rajendra
Published: December 2020

Student's attitude towards mathematics is a global issue that directly influences the students' achievement in mathematics. The study aimed at investigating the students' attitudes towards mathematics and the effects of demographic variables on their attitude in the selected grade IX Students in Provence No 1, Nepal. The study has adopted a quantitative survey design. A total of 540 grade IX students were selected randomly and the revised attitude scale ATMI of Tapia and Marsh (2004) was adopted to find out their attitudes towards mathematics and the effect of demographic variables. The data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and multiple linear regressions. The results of the study showed that the students' attitude towards mathematics is positive. Similarly, the effects of students' attitudes towards mathematics in terms of demographic variables (age, gender, family type, parent's education, parent's occupation, school location, and ecological region) were found low. The attitude of the students at a different age level showed a greater decline in attitudes as the students increase their grade level. However, the results showed that other considerable variables may have more impact on students' attitudes towards mathematics.
Woman's Body as the Site of Violence in Parijat's Blue Mimosa
Authors: Mishra Indira Acharya
Published: December 2020

The article aims to analyze Parijat's Blue Mimosa, which was originally published as Śirīṣako Phūla (1965) from the feminist perspective. Feminists argue that patriarchy is unfriendly to women. They explain that because of biased patriarchal gender roles women suffer from gender-based violence. They claim that in patriarchy men have special power and privileges which allow them to dominate and control women to their benefit. They use corporal punishment and sexual violence in case women deny to submit to them. Thus, feminists protest the imposition of traditional gender roles in the process of socialization. They demand for a more egalitarian perspective towards gender which allows human individuals to live according to their interests and capacities. In Blue Mimosa, the female characters become the victim of gender-based violence. They are physically assaulted, raped, and murdered. Their bodies become the site where men enact violence. Thus, feminism is relevant to analyze the text. The article argues that these female characters become the victim of violence just because they are women. The article helps to understand how women suffer from gender-based violence in patriarchy.
Power of Initiative and Immunity of Local Government in Federal Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Amrit Kumar , Ghimire Tara Nath
Published: December 2020

Traditionally, it was considered that federal and state governments are the primary two components of the federal system. Provisions relating to local governments were left in the hand of state governments. The recent concept of federalism accepts the local governments as third and integral tier of the federal system. However, federalism and decentralization are used in different meaning. Federalism means the division of power within the center and federal units whereas decentralization considers devolution of power to the local units. The history of the local government begins with the ancient regime in Nepal, and it continues till at present. This article analyzes whether Nepal's local governments are exercising autonomous powers in the new federal system. It examines the local governments' status and positions in light of Clark's theory of autonomy. It concludes that the local governments have vested a significant level of powers of initiative and immunity to being needed for an autonomous institution.
Linkage between Job Satisfaction, Democratic Leadership Style and the Organizational Commitment of Employees of Privates of Bank in Nepal
Authors: Rai Arjun , Budhathoki Prem Bahadur , Rai Chandra Kumar
Published: December 2020

This study investigated the effect of job satisfaction and perceived democratic leadership style of the managers on the organizational commitment of the employees working in the private banks in Nepal. The population in this study was all employees working in the private banks in Nepal. A hybrid instrument, which comprised pre-tested instruments, was used to collect the data. The analytical method used to test the hypothesis of the research was multiple regression analysis. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), version 25, was used for analyzing the data. The study's findings- job satisfaction of the employees and their perception of the democratic leadership style of their managers, had a significant positive impact on their organizational commitment. This study's originality is that this study shows how the employees' perception of their manager's democratic leadership style and their job satisfaction affect their organizational commitment to the Nepalese context.
Management Accounting Techniques on Rationalize Decisions in the Nepalese Listed Manufacturing Companies
Authors: Dahal Rewan Kumar , Bhattarai Ganesh , Karki Dipendra
Published: December 2020

The objective of this study was to examine how much the Nepalese listed manufacturing companies are utilizing management accounting techniques to rationalize decisions. It followed a descriptive research design and employed a survey questionnaire instrument to collect data. The population of this study comprised all the listed manufacturing companies on the Nepal Stock Exchange and their employees. Targeted respondents were those representatives of the sample companies who worked in the accounting department or/and at the managerial level. By using a random sampling technique, a sum of 408 respondents had partaken in the survey and 385 responses were properly filled up for further analysis. The survey questionnaire had three questions relating to general and demographic information, 28 questions relating to management accounting techniques, and five questions relating to the effect of the study variables on rationalizing decisions. Collected data were analyzed with the help of a statistical package for the social sciences software. Each of the 28 management accounting techniques was classified into nine groups and identified that most of the techniques except financial performance measurement techniques (having with cash flow analysis, ratio analysis, absorption/variable costing, transfer pricing) had no significant relation with rationalizing decisions in the Nepalese manufacturing companies. So, this study would assist to pay attention to the concerned personnel towards the use of management accounting techniques on rationalize decisions.
EVALUASI PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA (Studi pada Program Pelatihan di BPSDMP Kominfo Jakarta)
Authors: Damanik Marudur Pandapotan , Nugroho Ari Cahyo , Mahmudah Dede , Purwaningsih Erisva Hakiki
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi program pelatihan daring yang diselenggarakan BPSDMP Kominfo Jakarta Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika dengan 3 (tiga) tahapan, yaitu mengevaluasi reaksi, tingkat pembelajaran, dan perilaku. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan pendekatan post-positivistik menggunakan desain mix-methods sequential exploratory. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode survei daring kepada 119 responden yang menjadi peserta pelatihan. Kemudian sebanyak 37 orang dari responden tersebut dipilih dan diwawancari melalui telepon. Hasil evaluasi pada aspek reaksi belum menunjukkan hasil yang cukup memuaskan sebab tidak cukup banyak responden yang memberikan penilaian yang baik. Pada aspek pembelajaran, pelatihan ini berhasil memberikan pengetahuan baru, keyakinan diri, dan motivasi bagi peserta untuk mengimplementasikan pengetahuannya. Pada evaluasi aspek perilaku dan penerapan pengetahuan, masih cukup banyak yang belum menerapkan dan memanfaatkan pengetahuannya dalam aktivitas keseharian. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa secara umum pelatihan ini mendapatkan respon yang positif dan perlu dilanjutkan dengan sejumlah perbaikan. Studi ini merekomendasikan beberapa perbaikan untuk peningkatan program pengembangan SDM kedepan.
Credibilidad en la prensa online: estrategia para la diferenciación y generación de audiencias
Authors: Rodríguez-Fernández María-Magdalena , Martínez-Fernández Valentín-Alejandro , Juanatey-Boga Óscar
Published: December 2020

The regular paper publications sector has implemented significant business model transformations to embrace digitalization, with the press being the most affected of all. This has contributed not only to the migration of traditional mastheads to a digital format, in search of a hybridization process, but also to the development of new digital brands. In these circumstances, credibility emerges as a critical factor to consider when selecting sources of information. Along these lines and with regards to the online press, two research objectives arise: to analyze which factors can influence, and which factors are influenced by, the credibility of an online masthead. The methodology used in this study is based on quantitative research using surveys conducted with university students and structural equation modeling. The main conclusions demonstrate that coverage is the main variable in terms of generating credibility and that this also contributes to reader perception regarding greater confidence, accuracy, and sympathy.

Resumen
En el sector de las publicaciones periódicas en papel, donde la prensa ha sido la más afectada, la digitalización ha generado importantes transformaciones en sus modelos de negocio, lo que ha propiciado, por un lado, la migración digital de las cabeceras tradicionales en la búsqueda inicial de una hibridación y, por otro, la incorporación de nuevas cabeceras nativas digitales. Ante esta situación la credibilidad se erige como un factor relevante en el momento de seleccionar cabeceras para informarse. En este sentido, en lo que a prensa online se refiere, se plantean dos objetivos: analizar qué factores influyen y sobre cuáles incide la credibilidad de una cabecera online. La metodología se fundamenta en una investigación cuantitativa, basada en la realización de encuestas a jóvenes universitarios y el empleo de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Las conclusiones evidencian que la cobertura es la principal variable en la generación de credibilidad y ésta a su vez contribuye a la percepción en el lector de una mayor confianza, precisión y simpatía.
Prevention, diagnosis and management of influenza in CKD patients: Adapted clinical guidelines of the Ukrainian Association of Nephrologists and Kidney Transplant Specialists
Authors: Kolesnyk M. , Stepanova N. , Snisar L. , Liksunova L. , Lebid L. , Velychko M.
Published: December 2020

Flu is the cause of up to 650,000 deaths worldwide each year. According to CDC USA in 2019-2020 the flu caused 86,000 deaths. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk for serious complications and adverse effects of influenza infection.

A feature of this year is the possibility of combining influenza with COVID-19, which can significantly complicate treatment and worsen the prognosis of CKD patients. Therefore, prevention and adequate management of influenza in this patient cohort are obvious.

In this regard, the Expert Group of the Ukrainian Association of Nephrologists and Kidney Transplant Specialists has created adapted clinical guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and management of influenza in CKD patients.
Acute kidney injury and sinus bradycardia associated with near-drowning
Authors: Kemeç Zeki , Gürel Ali
Published: December 2020

Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in different situations and may have a variable prognosis due to underlying cause, clinical setting and comorbidity. Near-drowning is known to lead to bradycardic rhythms which can lead to hypoxia because of hypoperfusion. AKI has a high risk of mortality and morbidity. However, sequelae of sinus bradycardia are related to its underlying etiology. Urinary, cardiovascular and respiratory disorders are more frequently seen after near-drowning. Near-drowning related AKI and sinus bradycardia are not reported together in the literature. We aimed to emphasize these complications in near-drowning patients.
Reassessment of renal prognosis in patients with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis according to the new pathologic classification
Authors: Parmaksız Ergün , Meşe Meral
Published: December 2020

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by a morphological injury pattern that can be seen under various disease conditions that share common pathogenic mechanisms. In this study, we analyzed clinical features, pathological findings, long-term kidney outcomes according to the new pathohistological classification of MPGN.

Methods. This retrospective study included 20 CKD patients with biopsy-proven MPGN that had been diagnosed between 2011 and 2019. We reclassified the patterns of MPGN as immune-complexes mediated (ICM) and complement-mediated (CM) according to the new classification.

Results. The level of daily proteinuria was lower in the ICM MPGN than the CM MPGN group but was not statistically significant at the end of the study. Histopathologically, the difference in C3 staining was found between the patients with ICM and CM MPGN. At the end of the follow-up period, no patients developed end-stage renal disease, and no death occurred in response to treatment in the ICM MPGN group. In the CM MPGN group, 2 patients evolved to end-stage renal disease and 1 of them had renal transplantation.

Conclusion. Larger sample size and longer follow-up may change the relationship between histological factors, treatment strategies, and kidney outcomes. We believe that the use of the new diagnostic approach that applies to the ICM MPGN and CM MPGN will help nephrologists to improve treatment options and renal outcomes for patients with MPGN.
Does erythropoietin therapy affect circulating endothelial cells in hemodialysis patients?
Authors: Bulduk T. , Yalcin A. U. , Akay O. M. , Ozkurt S. G. , Teke H. U. , Sahin G. , Temiz G. , Demirel G.
Published: December 2020

Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The most common cause of anemia in CKD is erythropoietin deficiency; and the most important cause of mortality in CKD patients is atherosclerotic vascular complications which are associated with endothelial damage. One of the methods evaluating vascular integrity is the cytometric measurement of circulating endothelial cells and endothelial progenitor cells in peripheral blood. The study aimed to investigate the effects of erythropoietin therapy on endothelial dysfunction by evaluating circulating endothelial cells and endothelial progenitor cells in peripheral blood using the technique of flow cytometry.

Methods. A total of 55 hemodialysis patients were evaluated in three groups; those having erythropoietin therapy for at least last 3 months (n = 20) / not having erythropoietin for at least the last 3 months (n = 20) and the patients who started erythropoietin treatment during the study (n = 5). The control group consisted of 20 people. Blood values of the 3rd Group were investigated three times as baseline, 2nd week and 8th week CD34 +, CD105 + cells were evaluated as activated circulating endothelial cells; CD133 +, CD146 + cells were evaluated as activated endothelial progenitor cells.

Results. There was no difference between the patients and healthy individuals in terms of circulating endothelial cells and endothelial progenitor cells. In the third group, no differences were observed in circulating endothelial cells / endothelial progenitor cell levels at baseline / 2nd and 8th weeks. There was no correlation between erythropoietin and circulating endothelial cells / endothelial progenitor cells.

Conclusion. A correlation is not available between the therapeutic doses of erythropoietin used in hemodialysis patients and circulating endothelial cells / endothelial progenitor cell levels; supratherapeutic doses could change the results.
Relationship between red blood cell membrane disorders and Doppler ultrasound indices of renal blood flow in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Novychenko S.D. , Zub L.O.
Published: December 2020

the study aimed to investigate the relationship between red blood cell membrane disorders and Doppler ultrasound indices of renal blood flow in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages1-2.

Methods. The complex clinical, laboratory and instrumental (color duplex Doppler scanning of renal parenchyma vessels) examination was conducted in 131 CKD stage 1-2 patients. Among them, there were 47 patients with pyelonephritis, 48 patients with diabetic nephropathy, and 36 patients with primary glomerulonephritis. Each patients’ group was divided into 2 subgroups: with and without arterial hypertension. Twenty healthy volunteers were also included for the study control.

Results. A significant correlation between indices of the erythrocytes morphology and basic Doppler ultrasonography parameters of the kidney vessels circulation, namely a.interlobaris was demonstrated in CKD patients with arterial hypertension. The most significant changes were observed in diabetic patients.

Conclusion. The results of our study indicated a high informative value of renal Doppler ultrasonography as a non-invasive technique to diagnose the CKD progression in patients with comorbid hypertension
A comparative study of the identification frequency and composition of bacteria isolated from catheter and urine in urologic patients: A single-center descriptive study
Authors: Hassan Ashraf Ibrahim Mohammed , Al-Hammodi Bashar M , Ramzi Ramzi Mowffaq
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to compare the identification frequency and composition of bacteria isolated from catheter and urine in urologic patients.

Methods: Ninety patients with urethral catheters were involved in the study. Urinary and catheter cultures were taken simultaneously from each patient and cultured on MacConkey's agar. Urine culture and sensitivity were performed for all samples in pre- and postoperative periods. Swab culture and sensitivity from the surface of intraluminal urethral catheters were performed for all cases in the post-operative period.

Results: The median indwelling period of the catheters was 8 days (range 3 to 21). The overall positive rate of catheter culture was significantly greater than that of urine culture, even in subjects without a recent antibacterial agent history. Urine cultures and catheter cultures did not match each other completely. The percentage of patients who had the same bacterial species isolated from both specimens increased in a time-dependent manner.

Conclusions: Not all species of bacteria colonizing the intraluminal surface of the urethral catheter were detected as urinary bacteria. Bacterial colonization on the intraluminal catheter surface could precede the emergence of bacteriuria.
KDIGO 2020 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease: Summary of recommendation statements and practice points translated into Ukrainian
Authors: Dudar I. , Loboda O. , Savchuk V.
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the summary of recommendation statements of the "KDIGO 2020 clinical practice guideline for diabetes management in chronic kidney disease" translated into Ukrainian.
Do we need new scales for assessing the risk of thromboembolic events and bleeding for patients with chronic kidney disease?
Authors: Mykhaloiko I. , Dudar I.
Published: December 2020

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem. Patients with CKD have an increased risk of thromboembolic complications and bleeding.

It remains difficult to determine the benefits and risks of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy in patients with CKD, so an individualized risk assessment of each patient should be mandatory.

To date, there are no specialized scales for assessing the risk of thromboembolic events and bleeding, which are focused on patients with CKD and take into account all the features of the course of CKD and the specific factors of their occurrence.

In this work, we decided to conduct a detailed assessment of the accuracy of the currently accepted risk scales for thromboembolic events and bleeding in patients with CKD.
History of studying the kidney pathology in the mirror of numismatics. Report 1. Antiquity and middle ages
Authors: Syniachenko O.V. , Kolesnyk M.O. , Stepanova N.M. , Iermolaieva M.V.
Published: December 2020

The branch of historical science of numismatics (from the Latin "numisma" - coin) originated in the 19th century and became closely connected with economics, politics, culture and law, it includes a thematic study of coins, medals and plaque. Best of all, the history of uronephrology is illustrated by various forms of medalist educational art (exonum or paranumismatics), and the medal became the prototype of the memorial coin. This work presents a catalog of more than 400 numismatic materials (including some unique, first cited), reflects the stages of development of the study of the structure and function of the kidneys, methods for diagnosing and treating diseases, there are links to significant historical events, brief biographies of physicians who have made an invaluable contribution are mentioned into the formation of this scientific discipline. The work presents a role in the origin of the study of kidney and urinary tract diseases of ancient physicians (Aretea, Aristotle, Galen, Hippocrates, Rufus, Sushruta, Empedocles) and doctors of the Middle Ages (Avicenna, Da Carpi, Panaskerteli, Paracelsus, Sun Simiao).
Алгоритмы визуализации молекулярно-генетических последовательностей в пространствах двоично-ортогональных функций Уолша
Authors: И.В. Степанян , М.Ю. Леднев
Published: December 2020

В монографии представлена система алгоритмических методов визуализации ДНК и РНК. Показано, что генетические нуклеотидные последовательности и тексты на естественном языке имеют определенные конфигурации своих визуальных представлений в пространствах двоично-ортогональных функций Уолша. Общим свойством этих представлений является квазифрактальность. Монография представляет интерес для студентов, аспирантов, тех кто работает в рамках получения научной степени доктора наук, для специалистов в области молекулярного генетического кодирования, а также всех интересующихся такими дисциплинами, как математическое и физическое моделирование, молекулярная генетика, дискретная математика, теоретическая биология, параллельные вычисления, теория автоматов, когнитивная эргономика, психофизиология и оптимизация умственного труда, математическая генетика, алгоритмы визуализации данных.
What Does History Tell Us from the Classical Period of Islam? Some Illustrative Social and Moral Examples
Authors: YÜKSEL Ahmet Turan
Published: December 2020

History, which is subsumed under Social and Humanity Sciences, is a field that closely concerns all branches of sciences. History is a verified set of facts. In the past sense, it is a continuous dimension of human consciousness, the institutions and values of the society and the absolute component of the patterns outside these. In other words, it is the narration, investigation and evaluation of all events in all aspects that took place in the past up to the present time.
Also, history is the branch of science that records the adventure of humanity and the universe since creation. It is a bridge transferring the past to the present between the past and the future. It is the memory of nations and the report card showing their success and failure. It is a branch of science that offers exemplary scenes to be taught and a series of events that would not recur if the lesson had been learned. It is a branch of science that reveals the phases of Sunnatullah, the existence and extinction of the state, nations and civilizations.
This article aims to reveal what history tells us with some examples from the Classical Period of Islam. For, history offers the necessary material to the understanding of humanity as a field and science branch that brings the past and the present together and sheds light on the future. Probably what needs to be done is to benefit properly from the environment prepared and presented by history. For, it is only the actors that change, in fact the historical rules do not change.
Muhtâr es-Sekafî Hareketindeki Gālî Davranışlar ve Muhtâr es-Sekafî’nin Bu Davranışlar Karşısındaki Tutumu
Authors: KURNAZ Yasin
Published: December 2020

Kûfe’de, Hz. Hüseyin’in intikamını almayı sloganlaştırarak ortaya çıkan ikinci oluşum Muhtâr es-Sekâfî hareketidir. Muhtâr, Hz. Ali’nin oğlu Muhammed b. Hanefiyye tarafından görevlendirildiği iddiasıyla hareket ederek Kûfe’yi ele geçirmiştir. Sonra Şam yönetiminin üzerine gönderdiği orduyu yenmiş, şehirde kendisine muhalif olanların isyanını bastırmış, Hicaz’daki Abdullah b. Zübeyr yönetimi ile mücadele etmiştir. Ardından Abdullah b. Zübeyr’in kardeşi olup Basra valiliği görevini yürüten Mus‘ab’ın önderliğindeki orduya mağlup olmuştur. Böylece Kûfe’deki bir buçuk senelik iktidarı çok sayıda taraftarının ve kendi hayatının sona ermesiyle bitmiştir. Birden fazla cephede savaş tutan Muhtâr ve bu harekete katılan bazı kimselerin İslâm dininin itikadî sınırlarını zorlayan davranışlar sergilediklerine dair iddialar vardır. Onun ve taraftarlarından bazılarının gālî davranışlarda bulunduğunu bildiren rivayetler Muhtâr es-Sekafî hareketinin Kerbelâ’nın vicdanlardaki yarasını kapatabilecek nitelikteki başarılarını gölgede bırakmaktadır. Bu gālî tutumları incelemek, dönemin siyasetinin, dönem halkının Muhtâr hareketi hakkındaki algısının ve Muhtâr siyasetinin amaçlarının anlaşılmasına katkı sağlayacaktır.
Risk Factors Affecting Cage Retropulsion into the Spinal Canal Following Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Association with Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis
Authors: Kato Shinichi , Terada Nobuki , Niwa Osamu , Yamada Mitsuko
Published: December 2020

Study Design: This was a retrospective observational study.Purpose: We identify risk factors, including physical and surgical factors, and comorbidities affecting cage retropulsion following posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF).Overview of Literature: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is considered a risk factor for reoperation after PLIF. We evaluated the effect of DISH on cage retropulsion into the spinal canal, which may require surgical revision for severe neurological disorders.Methods: A total of 400 patients (175 men, 225 women) who underwent PLIF were observed for >1 year. Factors investigated included the frequency of cage retropulsion and surgical revision. In addition, physical (age, sex, disease), surgical (fusion and PLIF levels, cage number, grade 2 osteotomy), and comorbid (DISH, existing vertebral fracture) factors were compared between patients with and without cage retropulsion. Factors related to surgical revision during the observation period were also considered.Results: Cage retropulsion occurred in 15 patients and surgical revision was performed in 11. Revisions included the replacement of pedicle screws (PSs) with larger screws in all patients and supplementary implants in 10. Among the patients with cage retropulsion, the average PLIF level was 2.7, with DISH present in nine patients and existing vertebral fractures in six. Factors affecting cage retropulsion were diagnoses of osteoporotic vertebral fracture, multilevel fusion, single-cage insertion, grade 2 osteotomy, presence of DISH, and existing vertebral fracture. Multivariable analysis indicated that retropulsion of a fusion cage occurred significantly more frequently in patients with DISH and multilevel PLIF.Conclusions: DISH and multilevel PLIF were significant risk factors affecting cage retropulsion. Revision surgery for cage retropulsion revealed PS loosening, suggesting that implant replacement was necessary to prevent repeat cage retropulsion after revision.
Usporedba razvijenosti poljoprivrede Hrvatske, Mađarske i Poljske
Authors: Čop Tajana , Hadelan Lari
Published: December 2020

Zajedničke karakteristike u povijesnom razdoblju razvoja poljoprivrede i tranzicijskih procesa Hrvatske, Mađarske i Poljske koje su uslijedile nakon ulaska u Europsku uniju dovele su do različitih postignuća u razvoju poljoprivrede. Tranzicijske promjene koje su uslijedile zahvatile su sve dijelove gospodarstva pa tako i poljoprivredu. Cilj rada je na temelju dostupnih podataka usporediti razvijenost poljoprivrede Hrvatske, Mađarske i Poljske primjenom analitičkog hijerarhijskog procesa (AHP). Makroekonomski, strukturalno-proizvodni i socio-ekonomski kriteriji definirani su s ciljem izrade AHP modela kojim su utvrđeni i vrednovani razvojni čimbenici poljoprivrede usporednih zemalja. Rezultati rada ukazuju kako su lošiji razvojni pokazatelji u poljoprivredi Hrvatske (0,177), dobri u poljoprivredi Mađarske (0,409), dok su najbolji razvojni pokazatelji poljoprivrede u Poljskoj (ocjena 0,415).
Tradicija i uvjeti uzgoja vinove loze u vinogorju Baranja
Authors: Kojić Nebojša
Published: December 2020

Osnovni čimbenik koji određuje uzgoj vinove loze jest klima. Ta tvrdnja se može prikazati pomoću broja sunčanih sati i sume efektivnih temperatura. Republika Hrvatska svojim geografskim položajem pronalazi svoje mjesto na vinogradarskoj karti svijeta. Vinova loza se stoljećima uzgaja na području današnje vinogradarske podregije Podunavlje, koja obuhvaća vinogorja Srijem, Erdut i Baranju. Podaci korišteni u ovom radu, vezani su uz 2013. godinu za vinogorje Baranja.
Pengaruh Komik Lipat Sederhana Terhadap Hasil Belajar Fisika di MTs Nurul Ishlah Gegelang
Authors: Sekar Utami Linda , Sabaryati Johri , Darmayanti Ni Wayan Sri , Fitriani Eka
Published: December 2020

Abstract:  This study aims to find out the results of physics learning between students who follow the learning with simple folding comic Physics with students who follow conventional learning in grade IX B students at MTs Nurul Ishlah Gegelang. This type of research is included in experimental quasi design research. The population used is all grade IX students in MTs Nurul Ishlah Gegelang. In this study, two classes were taken as a sample of research divided into experimental classes and control classes. obtained samples are class IX B MTs Nurul Ishlah Gegelang as an experimental group and class IX A MTs Nurul Ishlah Gegelang as a control group. Research data in the form of physics learning results in the cognitive sphere was collected using a test of learning results, this research using the design of Pretest-Posstes. The collected data were then analyzed using t-related tests to determine significant differences in learning outcomes between the two sample classes. Based on the results of the study obtained the initial ability of students for both groups is homogeneous shown by Fhitung < Ftabel (1.07 < 2.14) and the differences between the two groups are insignificant on the subject of energy changes with units and the final ability test ruler shown by thitung > ttabel (3,134 > 2,005), so Ha was accepted.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pngaruh hasil belajar fisika antara siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran dengan komik lipat sederhana Fisika dengan siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran konvensional pada siswa kelas kelas IX B di MTs Nurul Ishlah Gegelang. Jenis penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian quasi eksperimental design. Populasi yang dipergunakan adalah seluruh siswa kelas IX di MTs Nurul Ishlah Gegelang. Pada penelitian ini diambil dua kelas sebagai sampel penelitian yang terbagi dalam kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. diperoleh sampel yaitu kelas IX B MTs Nurul Ishlah Gegelang sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan kelas IX A MTs Nurul Ishlah Gegelang sebagai kelompok kontrol. Data penelitian berupa hasil belajar fisika pada ranah kognitif dikumpulkan menggunakan tes hasil belajar, Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Pretest-Posstes. Data yang terkumpul selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan uji-t related untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar yang signifikan antara kedua kelas sampel. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kemampuan awal siswa untuuk kedua kelompok adalah homogen yang ditunjukkan dengan Fhitung < Ftabel (1,07 < 2,14) serta perbedaan yang dimiliki antara kedua kelompok tidak signifikan pada pokok bahasan perubahan energi dengan satuan dan pengkuran  tes kemampuan akhir yang ditunjukkan dengan thitung  > ttabel (3,134 > 2,005), sehingga Ha diterima.
KARADENİZ’DE MİLLİ MÜCADELE YANLISI MÜLKİ AMİRLER: MAZHAR TEVFİK ve NİZAMETTİN BEYLER
Authors: AKSOY Volkan
Published: December 2020

Mondros Mütarekesi sonrası Osmanlı toprakları hemen her yönden işgale uğramaya başlamıştır. Özellikle deniz kıyısı bölgeler ilk işgale uğrayan yerler olmuştur. Bu anlamda Samsun’a asker çıkaran İngilizler, Karadeniz’de Sinop ve Giresun gibi iki önemli şehri de gözetimleri altında bulundurmuştur. İşgaller karşısında direnişe geçen halk ise Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın önderliğinde Milli Mücadele’yi başlatmış ve adı geçen şehirlerin dirayetli idareciler elinde bulunmasına azami dikkat göstermiştir. Bu çalışmada gerek Sinop’ta gerek Giresun’da mülki idarenin başında bulunan Mazhar Tevfik ile Nizamettin Beylerin Milli Mücadele’nin hemen başında karşılaştıkları sorunlar ve nasıl bir tutum sergiledikleri anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu anlamda Sinop Mutasarrıfı Mazhar Tevfik Bey’in kendi kaleminden gerek İstanbul Hükümeti’ne gerek Mustafa Kemal Paşa’ya yazdıklarına yer verilirken Nizamettin Bey’in de incelemesi ağırlıklı olarak Osmanlı Arşiv Kaynakları üzerinden yapılmıştır. Ayrıca Milli Mücadele’nin hemen başlarında yüzyılları bulan bir idareye karşı tavır almanın bağımsızlığın kazanılmasında oynadığı zor ama önemli rol gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Impact of Vocabulary Learning Strategies on Gender Based ESL Learners in Pakistan
Authors: Bhatti Muhammad Safdar , Mukhtar Rafia
Published: December 2020

The wide spectrum of English language compels readers to find out the exact crux of the language itself. English has won the status of international language. It has become a dire need of this age. The English language is comparatively difficult due to its pronunciation, sentence structure and vocabulary level from local languages in Pakistan. Vocabulary is the utmost aspect of learning a second language. It is the essence and soul of language. The language process depends on learning vocabulary. So the current paper investigates the impact of vocabulary learning strategies for the ESL learners in Pakistan. It was an experimental type of research. One hundred students of Grade-9 in the academic year 2019-20 participated in this study. The data was collected through test and questionnaire. The study results revealed that the students who were taught by the ESL learning techniques (semantic mapping, imaging and pics, visual and auditory, group association and word contact) performed better as compared with the students in the traditional vocabulary learning method. Female students performed better in the experimental group. ESL male learners used group association learning technique at priority, and ESL female learners used visual and auditory learning at their priority. The researchers recommend that English language teachers should use vocabulary learning strategies for teaching English to ESL learners.
Analysis of EFL Teaching in Pakistan: Method and Strategies in the Postmethod Era
Authors: Khan Muhammad Asif Ali
Published: December 2020

This study investigates the teaching methods and strategies practised in Pakistan to teach English as a foreign language in the Post-method Era. English language pedagogy in Pakistan has taken a new turn since the establishment of higher education commission and applied linguistic departments in many universities in Pakistan. It focuses on classroom teaching analysis to see what teaching methods and strategies that English language educators in private and public institutes apply. The study applied qualitative methods with five English teachers as Foreign Language (EFL) of the public and private sectors' intermediate level. The participating teachers were given nine open-ended survey questions about the nature of language, language teaching methods, classroom strategies and techniques, and their roles as teachers in the classroom. Findings revealed that EFL teachers in both public and private sectors employ multiple teaching methods and techniques in their classroom practice, rather than holding to one particular method. The data also differentiates teaching methods and strategies of the teachers in the both sectors. Interestingly, it appears that EFL teachers in the private sectors seem to aim at communicative teaching approaches. In contrast, teachers in the public sectors are more inclined to use Grammar Translation Methods (GTM).
Community Language Learning (CLL) in Tertiary Level: A Learner Friendly Approach to ELT in Bangladesh
Authors: Bari Tazreen Jahan
Published: December 2020

This paper entitled "CLL in Tertiary Level: A Learner Friendly Approach to ELT in Bangladesh" aims to analyse the problems faced by tertiary level language learners in Bangladesh. This paper shows how Community Language Learning (CLL) can be a learner-friendly approach that creates an environment and process fit for maximum efficiency in target language learning. This paper analyses the quantitative data collected via questionnaire from fifty tertiary level students of Bangladesh from five universities across Bangladesh. This study reveals that tertiary level students face more barriers in classroom participation due to self-consciousness and anxiety. This study further reveals that using the CLL method that treats learners like a whole person allows them to take responsibility for their learning process. It also promotes small study groups consisting of peers and a counsellor-teacher to provide a more efficient learning environment is friendly to the learners. Thus, this study asserts that CLL is the most learner-friendly and efficient approach to ELT in the tertiary level and opens future research possibilities on how this method can be implemented.
Dealing with Mental Health in Online Learning: A Retrospect on ELT Teachers and EFL Learners during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ferdous Asma-Ul- , Shifat Nazia Forhin
Published: December 2020

This paper intends to depict the mental health of English Language Teaching (ELT) teachers and English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners at a tertiary level during the COVID-19 pandemic. The educational boards across the globe have been forced to transition to smart classrooms, digital platforms, and effective teacher training programs in online delivery methods. In Bangladesh, the networking system and the management system are being run with care to ensure online classes at tertiary levels. This study showed how ELT teachers and EFL learners experience diverse and innumerable inconveniences due to geographical locations, finance and other systematic online education problems during the pandemic. The study found results which showed what makes them susceptible to anxiety, frustration, depression, which injure their mental health. Getting habituated to new study techniques, cooperating with the lack of laboratories and other required study materials, network connectivity problems, and the harshness of COVID-19 make their living challenging and unneeded mental stress. Quantitative data has been collected through Google questionnaire, and qualitative data has been collected through semi-structured interviews over telephone and online messaging. The results showed that despite continually searching for a way to overcome various troubles, teachers and students get drown into worsening mental health.
Interpretation Strategies and Interpretation Performance in Interlingual and Bilingual Subtitling: A Case of Iranian BA Translation Students
Authors: Modarresi Ghasem , Jalilzadeh Kaveh , Zolfaghary Raheleh
Published: December 2020

The researchers in Interpreting Studies have underrated the importance of interpretation strategies in interpretation courses at the university level in the Iranian context. As a mixed-method study, the present study mainly aimed at discovering the subtitling strategies used in interlingual subtitling and bilingual subtitling by translation students. The researchers selected 30 homogeneous students majoring in Translation Studies which were divided into two experimental groups. During the treatment phase, the researchers worked with each group's students on subtitling strategies on a comedy film, following Peterson's (2005) strategies. The results of the post-tests confirmed that there was a significant difference for interlingual subtitling since the students’ scores increased significantly from the mean score of 24.53 to the mean score of 27.66 as well as for bilingual subtitling since the students’ scores increased significantly from the mean score of 22.80 to the mean score of 27.13. However, the results revealed no significant difference in students' interpretation scores for interlingual and bilingual subjects. The results of the interviews also supported the effectiveness of audio-visual activities on oral translation. Translation students should pay attention to how they foster their interpreting competence and find the type of subtitling that is more beneficial.
Las cooperativas como estrategia de gestión para el fomento de la economía social en el municipio Maracaibo del estado Zulia. Período: 1999-2006
Authors: Graterol Angela , Alizo María Alexandra , Molero Norma
Published: December 2020

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar las cooperativas como estrategias de gestión para el fomento de la economía social. Se enmarca en el paradigma positivista, de carácter descriptiva analítica y el diseño es no experimental- transeccional. La muestra estuvo conformada por dos mil doscientos cuarenta y dos socios de cooperativas del municipio Maracaibo, registradas en la superintendencia nacional de cooperativas (SUNACOOP). Se utilizaron fuentes primarias y secundarias para recolectar la información. En relación al instrumento de estudio, se trabajó con un cuestionario configurado por un total de (20) veinte ítems, validadas por cinco expertos con una confiabilidad de 0,84. Los resultados revelan que el apoyo a las organizaciones de la economía social, especialmente para las cooperativas están orientadas a brindar financiamiento, capacitación, adiestramiento, otorgar fianzas y asistencia integral. La mayoría de las cooperativas favorecidas operan en el sector servicio, se clasifican como mixtas, básicamente son pequeñas y medianas. Se concluye señalando que existe una tendencia en la política del gobierno nacional a impulsar las organizaciones de la sociedad civil dirigidas a la economía social como las cooperativas, sin embargo, aún queda muchos espacios por cubrir, afán de lucro, exceso de cooperativas con tintes políticos, desconocimientos de las normativas vigentes, entre otros.
Gestión tecnológica en la empresa: Definición de sus objetivos fundamentales
Authors: Núñez de Schilling Elizabeth
Published: December 2020

Este trabajo pretende definir los objetivos fundamentales de la gestión tecnológica en la empresa. La tecnología representa un aspecto importante por su conexión con productos, servicios y procesos operacionales. Se plantea el análisis teórico de la tecnología y la gestión tecnológica. Se concluye en la necesidad de que los gerentes, mediante un enfoque participativo con los diferentes niveles directivos de la organización, orienten sus esfuerzos hacia: la integración de la gestión tecnológica con la estrategia global de la empresa, el impulso a la innovación y la selección de la tecnología adecuada a la cadena de valor, entre otros objetivos.