bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate of origin shapes variations in wood anatomical properties of 17 Picea species
Authors: Yang Xiaowei , Yan Huiling , Hao Chunhui , Hu Jiwen , Yang Guijuan , An Sanping , Wang Lifang , Ouyang Fangqun , Zhang Miaomiao , Wang Junhui
Published: May 2024

Background

Variations in hydraulic conductivity may arise from species-specific differences in the anatomical structure and function of the xylem, reflecting a spectrum of plant strategies along a slow-fast resource economy continuum. Spruce (Picea spp.), a widely distributed and highly adaptable tree species, is crucial in preventing soil erosion and enabling climate regulation. However, a comprehensive understanding of the variability in anatomical traits of stems and their underlying drivers in the Picea genus is currently lacking especially in a common garden.

Results

We assessed 19 stem economic properties and hydraulic characteristics of 17 Picea species grown in a common garden in Tianshui, Gansu Province, China. Significant interspecific differences in growth and anatomical characteristics were observed among the species. Specifically, xylem hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and hydraulic diameter exhibited a significant negative correlation with the thickness to span ratio (TSR), cell wall ratio, and tracheid density and a significant positive correlation with fiber length, and size of the radial tracheid. PCA revealed that the first two axes accounted for 64.40% of the variance, with PC1 reflecting the trade-off between hydraulic efficiency and mechanical support and PC2 representing the trade-off between high embolism resistance and strong pit flexibility. Regression analysis and structural equation modelling further confirmed that tracheid size positively influenced Ks, whereas the traits DWT, D_r, and TSR have influenced Ks indirectly. All traits failed to show significant phylogenetic associations. Pearson’s correlation analysis demonstrated strong correlations between most traits and longitude, with the notable influence of the mean temperature during the driest quarter, annual precipitation, precipitation during the wettest quarter, and aridity index.

Conclusions

Our results showed that xylem anatomical traits demonstrated considerable variability across phylogenies, consistent with the pattern of parallel sympatric radiation evolution and global diversity in spruce. By integrating the anatomical structure of the stem xylem as well as environmental factors of origin and evolutionary relationships, our findings provide novel insights into the ecological adaptations of the Picea genus.
Genome-wide association study identifies novel loci and candidate genes for rust resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Khan Hanif , Krishnappa Gopalareddy , Kumar Sudheer , Devate Narayana Bhat , Rathan Nagenahalli Dharmegowda , Kumar Satish , Mishra Chandra Nath , Ram Sewa , Tiwari Ratan , Parkash Om , Ahlawat Om Parkash , Mamrutha Harohalli Masthigowda , Singh Gyanendra Pratap , Singh Gyanendra
Published: May 2024

Background

Wheat rusts are important biotic stresses, development of rust resistant cultivars through molecular approaches is both economical and sustainable. Extensive phenotyping of large mapping populations under diverse production conditions and high-density genotyping would be the ideal strategy to identify major genomic regions for rust resistance in wheat. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) population of 280 genotypes was genotyped using a 35 K Axiom single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and phenotyped at eight, 10, and, 10 environments, respectively for stem/black rust (SR), stripe/yellow rust (YR), and leaf/brown rust (LR).

Results

Forty-one Bonferroni corrected marker-trait associations (MTAs) were identified, including 17 for SR and 24 for YR. Ten stable MTAs and their best combinations were also identified. For YR, AX-94990952 on 1A + AX-95203560 on 4A + AX-94723806 on 3D + AX-95172478 on 1A showed the best combination with an average co-efficient of infection (ACI) score of 1.36. Similarly, for SR, AX-94883961 on 7B + AX-94843704 on 1B and AX-94883961 on 7B + AX-94580041 on 3D + AX-94843704 on 1B showed the best combination with an ACI score of around 9.0. The genotype PBW827 have the best MTA combinations for both YR and SR resistance. In silico study identifies key prospective candidate genes that are located within MTA regions. Further, the expression analysis revealed that 18 transcripts were upregulated to the tune of more than 1.5 folds including 19.36 folds (TraesCS3D02G519600) and 7.23 folds (TraesCS2D02G038900) under stress conditions compared to the control conditions. Furthermore, highly expressed genes in silico under stress conditions were analyzed to find out the potential links to the rust phenotype, and all four genes were found to be associated with the rust phenotype.

Conclusion

The identified novel MTAs, particularly stable and highly expressed MTAs are valuable for further validation and subsequent application in wheat rust resistance breeding. The genotypes with favorable MTA combinations can be used as prospective donors to develop elite cultivars with YR and SR resistance.
MRI reconstruction with enhanced self-similarity using graph convolutional network
Authors: Ma Qiaoyu , Lai Zongying , Wang Zi , Qiu Yiran , Zhang Haotian , Qu Xiaobo
Published: May 2024

Background

Recent Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) perform low-error reconstruction in fast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Most of them convolve the image with kernels and successfully explore the local information. Nonetheless, the non-local image information, which is embedded among image patches relatively far from each other, may be lost due to the limitation of the receptive field of the convolution kernel. We aim to incorporate a graph to represent non-local information and improve the reconstructed images by using the Graph Convolutional Enhanced Self-Similarity (GCESS) network.

Methods

First, the image is reconstructed into the graph to extract the non-local self-similarity in the image. Second, GCESS uses spatial convolution and graph convolution to process the information in the image, so that local and non-local information can be effectively utilized. The network strengthens the non-local similarity between similar image patches while reconstructing images, making the reconstruction of structure more reliable.

Results

Experimental results on in vivo knee and brain data demonstrate that the proposed method achieves better artifact suppression and detail preservation than state-of-the-art methods, both visually and quantitatively. Under 1D Cartesian sampling with 4 × acceleration (AF = 4), the PSNR of knee data reached 34.19 dB, 1.05 dB higher than that of the compared methods; the SSIM achieved 0.8994, 2% higher than the compared methods. Similar results were obtained for the reconstructed images under other sampling templates as demonstrated in our experiment.

Conclusions

The proposed method successfully constructs a hybrid graph convolution and spatial convolution network to reconstruct images. This method, through its training process, amplifies the non-local self-similarities, significantly benefiting the structural integrity of the reconstructed images. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art reconstruction method in suppressing artifacts, as well as in preserving image details.
Association between polypharmacy and chronic kidney disease among community-dwelling older people: a longitudinal study in southern China
Authors: Zhang Bowen , Wang Jingrui , Liu Nan , Liu Weijia , Xi Ruihan , Wang Peixi
Published: May 2024

Background

Polypharmacy would increase the risk of adverse drug events and the burden of renal drug excretion among older people. Nevertheless, the association between the number of medication and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains controversial. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between the number of medication and the incidence of CKD in older people.

Methods

This study investigates the association between the number of medications and CKD in 2672 elderly people (≥ 65 years older) of the community health service center in southern China between 2019 and 2022. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between polypharmacy and CKD.

Results

At baseline, the average age of the study subjects was 71.86 ± 4.60, 61.2% were females, and 53 (2.0%) suffer from polypharmacy. During an average follow-up of 3 years, new-onset CKD developed in 413 (15.5%) participants. Logistic regression analysis revealed that taking a higher number of medications was associated with increase of CKD. Compared with people who didn’t take medication, a higher risk of CKD was observed in the older people who taken more than five medications (OR 3.731, 95% CI 1.988, 7.003), followed by those who take four (OR 1.621, 95% CI 1.041, 2.525), three (OR 1.696, 95% CI 1.178, 2.441), two drugs (OR 1.585, 95% CI 1.167, 2.153), or one drug (OR 1.503, 95% CI 1.097, 2.053). Furthermore, age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), white blood cell (WBC), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and triglyceride (TG) were also independent risk factors CKD (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The number of medications was associated with CKD in older people. As the number of medications taken increased, the risk of CKD was increased.
Reliability and validity of the modified shuttle test-paeds to measure cardiorespiratory fitness in children
Authors: Aertssen WFM , van de Kamp A , Jelsma LD , Smits-Engelsman BCM
Published: May 2024

Background

The Modified Shuttle Test-Paeds (Paeds), a recently developed 10-meter Shuttle run test for aerobic capacity in children. This study aims to investigate the construct validity (known-group and convergent validity) and test-retest reliability of the recently developed test for cardiorespiratory fitness, the Modified Shuttle Test-Paeds (Paeds).

Methods

A total of 144 participants (6–12 y) were tested on the Paeds test, and 84 children were tested on the 20-meter Shuttle Run test (20 m-SRT) to assess construct validity. To evaluate test-retest reliability, 46 children were tested twice on the Paeds.

Results

No sex differences were found, but there was an age effect. A strong correlation was found between Paeds and the 20 m-SRT (rs=0.78, p < 0.001). The test-retest reliability was good (ICC 0.84; 95% CI 0.74–0.91).

Conclusion

Paeds appears to be a reliable and valid tool for estimating cardiorespiratory fitness in typically developing children aged 6–12 years and has the advantages of being shorter, needing less space, not requiring pacing and being self-motivational. More studies are needed to assess whether children reach an aerobic steady state in three minutes and how much of the results of the Paeds test can be explained by the agility component of the task (turning and grasping or aiming a bean bag). For clinical use, psychometric properties should be studied in various patient groups (e.g., ADHD, DCD, and children with intellectual disabilities).
“That was one of my most difficult and biggest challenges”: experiences, preconditions and preventive measures of health-oriented leadership in virtual teams – A qualitative study with virtual leaders
Authors: Efimov Ilona , Harth Volker , Mache Stefanie
Published: May 2024

Background

Health-oriented leadership (HoL) has a positive impact on health- and work-related outcomes of employees in face-to-face settings. Increased digitization during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to many changes and increased job demands. According to current state of research, HoL in virtual teamwork is insufficiently researched. The aim of the study is to examine the experiences of virtual leaders during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify preconditions and preventive measures for promoting HoL.

Method

Using a qualitative study design, semi-structured, guide-based telephone interviews were conducted with 16 German virtual leaders between May and July 2021. The collected data were inductively analyzed and interpreted using qualitative content analysis according to Mayring. Explorative analyses of differences between leaders with and without pre-pandemic experiences with virtual leadership were made.

Results

Results indicated that leaders, regardless of pre-pandemic experiences with virtual leadership, faced diverse challenges in implementing HoL in virtual teamwork during the COVID-19 pandemic. Virtual leaders perceived personal preconditions (e.g., leaders’ characteristics or behaviors), organizational preconditions (support by management or open-minded corporate culture), social preconditions (e.g., social support by team) and technical preconditions (e.g., sufficient technical equipment) as conducive to implementation of HoL. Almost all leaders with pre-pandemic experience identified a need for structural preventive measures, whereas almost all leaders without pre-pandemic experience reported a need for behavioral preventive measures in order to promote HoL in virtual teams.

Conclusions

This study suggests that implementing HoL in virtual teamwork is challenging, complex and requires adjustments in leadership behavior. Thereby, the study provides initial empirical findings for a holistic approach to HoL implementation in virtual teams, considering beneficial multilevel preconditions. Due to a limited generalization of present results, longitudinal and interventional studies will be necessary for the analysis of causal relationships in future research. In particular, a holistic research perspective in order to understand the complex, contextual interdependencies of leadership is recommended. In practice, based on a differentiated needs analysis, structural preventive measures for a holistic organizational development as well as behavioral preventive measures for ongoing personnel development are recommended.
Effectiveness of two educational interventions based on the theory of planned behavior on oral cancer self-examination in adults: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ghasemian Anoosheh , Sargeran Katayoun , Khami Mohammad Reza , Shamshiri Ahmad Reza
Published: May 2024

Background

The theory of planned behavior (TPB) is recognized as an effective theory for behavior change. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of two TPB-based educational interventions on oral self-examination (OSE) behavior and the related TPB constructs among adults in Tehran, Iran, in 2022.

Methods

This randomized controlled trial involved 400 healthy individuals recruited from 20 urban comprehensive health centers in the southern part of Tehran, Iran. The health centers were randomly assigned to two control (PowerPoint) and intervention (WhatsApp) groups (200 individuals in each group). In the control group (the recipient of the routine care), participants received a 20-minute lecture through a PowerPoint presentation and a pamphlet. In the intervention group (the recipient of an additional intervention alongside the routine care), participants were educated through messages and images on WhatsApp along with having monthly group discussions. Data was collected at baseline, as well as at 1- and 3-month follow-ups using a structured questionnaire. The outcomes assessed included OSE behavior and the related TPB constructs: intention, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. Linear and logistic generalized estimating equations (GEE) regression models were used to evaluate the impact of the interventions with STATA version 17.

Results

Of the total participants, 151 (37.75%) were men. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of ages in the PowerPoint and WhatsApp groups were 39.89 ± 13.72 and 39.45 ± 13.90, respectively. OSE and the related TPB constructs showed significant differences between the groups at the 1-month post-intervention assessment. The effect of PowerPoint was more significant in the short-term (one month), while both methods showed similar effectiveness after three months, specifically in relation to OSE and the TPB constructs. At the 3-month post-intervention assessment, there were significant increases in OSE (OR = 28.63), intention (β = 1.47), attitude (β = 0.66), subjective norm (β = 2.82), and perceived behavioral control (β = 1.19) in both groups (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The present study provides evidence of the effectiveness of both educational interventions in improving OSE and the TPB constructs after three months. Therefore, both TPB-based educational methods can be recommended for designing and implementing interventions aimed at preventing oral cancer.

Trial registration

The trial protocol was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) on 04/03/2022 (registration number: IRCT20220221054086N1).
Three-dimensional evaluation of dental characteristics in patients with Cleidocranial dysplasia
Authors: Lu Yang , Wang Jingfu , Li Li , Zhang Xiaodong
Published: May 2024

Background

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal dominant hereditary disorder. Besides skeletal abnormalities, CCD is often associated with dental complications, such as multiple supernumerary teeth and permanent teeth impaction or delayed eruption.

Methods

Supernumerary teeth of axial, sagittal and coronal CBCT view was characterized in detail and 3D image reconstruction was performed. Number and location of teeth, morphology of supernumerary teeth, positional relationship between supernumerary and adjacent permanent teeth, direction of supernumerary teeth in CCD patients were analyzed.

Results

The mean age of the 3 CCD patients in this study was 16.7 years. Among 36 supernumerary teeth, the majority of them were identified as apical side located and lingual side located. Normal orientation was the most common type in this study, followed by sagittal orientation, and horizontal orientation. Horizontal orientation teeth were all distributed in the mandible. Supernumerary teeth exhibited significantly shorter crown and dental-root lengths, as well as smaller crown mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters (P < 0.01). There was no difference in the number of supernumerary teeth between the maxilla and mandible, and the premolars region had the largest number of supernumerary teeth and the incisor region had the smallest number.

Conclusions

This study compares number and location of teeth, morphology of supernumerary teeth, positional relationship between supernumerary and adjacent permanent teeth and direction of supernumerary teeth, this study also provides a reference for the comprehensive evaluation of CCD patients before surgery.
Priorities for enhancing nurses' and social workers’ competence and confidence in helping families support dependent children through parental death. A classic-Delphi survey
Authors: Franklin Penny , Arber Anne , Ream Emma
Published: May 2024

Background

Annually, approximately five per cent of dependent children — aged under eighteen years — in the United Kingdom (UK), experience parental death. Nurses and social workers caring for parents with life-limiting illnesses, including cancer, help families support their children. However, these professionals have been found to lack confidence and competence in fulfilling this role.

Methods

We conducted three rounds of a classic-Delphi survey to identify and measure a panel of topic experts’ consensus on the priorities and issues for nurses and social workers when supporting families and children through parental death. The Delphi survey was conducted with a panel of UK topic experts (n=43) including lead health and social care professionals (n=30), parents bereaved of a partner whilst parenting dependent children (n=6), academics (n=4) and bereaved young adults (n=3).

Results

Ninety per cent (n=18/20) of the issues for nurses and social workers and all (7/7) of the priorities rated and ordered in the survey achieved consensus. Key priorities were 1) training in opening conversations with families about dependent children, 2) training and support for nurses and social workers to manage their own and others’ emotions arising from conversations with parents about children’s needs regarding parental death, and 3) increasing nurses’ and social workers’ knowledge of sources of information to support families before the death of a parent.

Conclusion

We identified priorities for UK nurses and social workers. Further research is needed to identify which of these nurses and social workers would benefit most from support, and how any resultant interventions could enhance confidence and competence in helping families to support children through parental death.
Behavioral skills training for teaching safety skills to mental health service providers compared to training-as-usual: a pragmatic randomized control trial
Authors: Lin Elizabeth , Malhas Mais , Bratsalis Emmanuel , Thomson Kendra , Hargreaves Fabienne , Donner Kayle , Baig Heba , Boateng Rhonda , Swain Rajlaxmi , Benadict Mary Benisha , Busch Louis
Published: May 2024

Background

Violence in the healthcare workplace has been a global concern for over two decades, with a high prevalence of violence towards healthcare workers reported. Workplace violence has become a healthcare quality indicator and embedded in quality improvement initiatives of many healthcare organizations. The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Canada’s largest mental health hospital, provides all clinical staff with mandated staff safety training for self-protection and team-control skills. These skills are to be used as a last resort when a patient is at imminent risk of harm to self or others. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of two training methods of this mandated staff safety training for workplace violence in a large psychiatric hospital setting.

Methods

Using a pragmatic randomized control trial design, this study compares two approaches to teaching safety skills CAMH’s training-as-usual (TAU) using the 3D approach (description, demonstration and doing) and behavioural skills training (BST), from the field of applied behaviour analysis, using instruction, modeling, practice and feedback loop. Staff were assessed on three outcome measures (competency, mastery and confidence), across three time points: before training (baseline), immediately after training (post-training) and one month later (follow-up). This study was registered with the ISRCTN registry on 06/09/2023 (ISRCTN18133140).

Results

With a sample size of 99 new staff, results indicate that BST was significantly better than TAU in improving observed performance of self-protection and team-control skills. Both methods were associated with improved skills and confidence. However, there was a decrease in skill performance levels at the one-month follow-up for both methods, with BST remaining higher than TAU scores across all three time points. The impact of training improved staff confidence in both training methods and remained high across all three time points.

Conclusions

The study findings suggest that BST is more effective than TAU in improving safety skills among healthcare workers. However, the retention of skills over time remains a concern, and therefore a single training session without on-the-job-feedback or booster sessions based on objective assessments of skill may not be sufficient. Further research is needed to confirm and expand upon these findings in different settings.
Integrated bioinformatics analysis for exploring potential biomarkers related to Parkinson’s disease progression
Authors: Huang Zhenchao , Song En’peng , Chen Zhijie , Yu Peng , Chen Weiwen , Lin Huiqin
Published: May 2024

Background

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with increasing prevalence. Effective diagnostic markers and therapeutic methods are still lacking. Exploring key molecular markers and mechanisms for PD can help with early diagnosis and treatment improvement.

Methods

Three datasets GSE174052, GSE77668, and GSE168496 were obtained from the GEO database to search differentially expressed circRNA (DECs), miRNAs (DEMis), and mRNAs (DEMs). GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction were implemented to explore possible actions of DEMs. Hub genes were selected to establish circRNA-related competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks.

Results

There were 1005 downregulated DECs, 21 upregulated and 21 downregulated DEMis, and 266 upregulated and 234 downregulated DEMs identified. The DEMs were significantly enriched in various PD-associated functions and pathways such as extracellular matrix organization, dopamine synthesis, PI3K-Akt, and calcium signaling pathways. Twenty-one hub genes were screened out, and a PD-related ceRNA regulatory network was constructed containing 31 circRNAs, one miRNA (miR-371a-3p), and one hub gene (KCNJ6).

Conclusion

We identified PD-related molecular markers and ceRNA regulatory networks, providing new directions for PD diagnosis and treatment.
Intersectionality analysis of young people’s experiences and perceptions of discrimination in primary health centers in Ebonyi State, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Agu Chibuike Innocent , Nwankpa Ozioma , Ekwueme Chinazom N. , Agu Ifunanya Clara , Mbachu Chinyere Ojiugo , Ezumah Nkoli , Onwujekwe Obinna
Published: May 2024

Background

Young people (aged 10 to 24 years) in sub-Saharan Africa bear a huge and disproportionate burden of poor sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes due to inequalities and discrimination in accessing sexual and reproductive health services (SRHS). This study assessed the experiences and perceptions of discrimination among young people seeking SRH services in Primary Health Centers (PHCs) using an intersectionality lens.

Methods

A cross-sectional mixed-methods study was undertaken in six local government areas (LGAs) in Ebonyi State, southeast Nigeria. The LGAs comprise both urban and rural locations. The study population for the quantitative survey consisted of 1025 randomly selected young boys and girls aged 15–24 years. Eleven focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with the young people. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed for quantitative data, while thematic analysis was performed for the qualitative data, using NVivo.

Results

A total of 16.68% participants in the survey reported that young girls/women were treated badly/unfairly compared to young boys/men when seeking SRH services in PHCs; 15.22% reported that young clients get treated badly/unfairly from adults; and 12.49% reported that young clients with poor economic status were treated unfairly. Respondents also reported that young clients with disability (12.12%), and those who are poorly educated or uneducated (10.63%) are treated badly by healthcare providers when they access SRH services. Young people in urban areas were about 7 times more likely to believe that girls/young women are treated badly than boys/young men when seeking SRH services in PHCs compared to those who live in rural areas (p < 0.001). Among the young girls/women, residing in urban areas, being poor and in school increased the likelihood of getting treated badly/unfairly when receiving SRH services by 4 times (p < 0.001). The qualitative results revealed that health workers were generally harsh to young people seeking SRH services and the level of harshness or unfriendliness of the health workers varied depending on the young person’s social identity.

Conclusion

There are varieties of intersecting factors that contribute to the discrimination of young clients in PHCs. This underscores the urgent need to prioritize intersectional perspectives in the design and implementation of interventions that will improve access and use of SRH services by young people.
Associations between serum ferritin baselines and trajectories and the incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Song Ziping , Miao Xinlei , Xie Xiaoling , Tang Guimin , Deng Jiayi , Hu Manling , Liu Shuang , Leng Song
Published: May 2024

Background and aims

Evidence from prospective cohort studies on the relationship between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and longitudinal changes in serum ferritin (SF) still limited. This study aimed to investigate the associations of SF baselines and trajectories with new-onset MASLD and to present a MASLD discriminant model.

Methods

A total of 1895 participants who attended health examinations at least three times in a hospital in Dalian City between 2015 and 2022 were included. The main outcome was the incidence of MASLD. The associations between SF baselines and trajectories with the risk of MASLD were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. In addition, a MASLD discrimination model was established using logistic regression analyses.

Results

Among the 1895 participants, 492 developed MASLD during follow-up. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that participants in the low-stable trajectory group had a longer MASLD-free time compared with participants in other groups. Compared with those in the low-stable trajectory group, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of new-onset MASLD in the medium-high, high-stable and high-high trajectory groups were 1.54(1.18-2.00), 1.77(1.35–2.32) and 1.55(1.07–2.26), respectively (Ptrend < 0.001). The results were robust in subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Multivariate Cox proportional regression showed that SF was an independent risk factor of MASLD (HR = 1.002, 95%CI: 1.000-1.003, P = 0.003). The restricted cubic spline demonstrated a nonlinear relationship between SF and the risk of MASLD. The 8-variable model had high discriminative performance, good accuracy and clinical effectiveness. The ROC curve results showed that AUC was greater than that of the FLI, HSI and ZJU models (all P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Not only a higher baseline SF but also SF changing trajectory are significantly associated with risk of new-onset MASLD. SF could be a predictor of the occurrence of MASLD.
Determining the toxicological effects of indoor air pollution on both a healthy and an inflammatory-comprised model of the alveolar epithelial barrier in vitro
Authors: Meldrum Kirsty , Evans Stephen J. , Burgum Michael J. , Doak Shareen H. , Clift Martin J. D.
Published: May 2024

Exposure to indoor air pollutants (IAP) has increased recently, with people spending more time indoors (i.e. homes, offices, schools and transportation). Increased exposures of IAP on a healthy population are poorly understood, and those with allergic respiratory conditions even less so. The objective of this study, therefore, was to implement a well-characterised in vitro model of the human alveolar epithelial barrier (A549 + PMA differentiated THP-1 incubated with and without IL-13, IL-5 and IL-4) to determine the effects of a standardised indoor particulate (NIST 2583) on both a healthy lung model and one modelling a type-II (stimulated with IL-13, IL-5 and IL-4) inflammatory response (such as asthma).

Using concentrations from the literature, and an environmentally appropriate exposure we investigated 232, 464 and 608ng/cm2 of NIST 2583 respectively. Membrane integrity (blue dextran), viability (trypan blue), genotoxicity (micronucleus (Mn) assay) and (pro-)/(anti-)inflammatory effects (IL-6, IL-8, IL-33, IL-10) were then assessed 24 h post exposure to both models. Models were exposed using a physiologically relevant aerosolisation method (VitroCell Cloud 12 exposure system).

No changes in Mn frequency or membrane integrity in either model were noted when exposed to any of the tested concentrations of NIST 2583. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) in cell viability at the highest concentration was observed in the healthy model. Whilst cell viability in the “inflamed” model was decreased at the lower concentrations (significantly (p < 0.05) after 464ng/cm2). A significant reduction (p < 0.05) in IL-10 and a significant increase in IL-33 was seen after 24 h exposure to NIST 2583 (464, 608ng/cm2) in the “inflamed” model.

Collectively, the results indicate the potential for IAP to cause the onset of a type II response as well as exacerbating pre-existing allergic conditions. Furthermore, the data imposes the importance of considering unhealthy individuals when investigating the potential health effects of IAP. It also highlights that even in a healthy population these particles have the potential to induce this type II response and initiate an immune response following exposure to IAP.
Association between incorrect postures and curve magnitude of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in china
Authors: Chen Xiaosheng , Ye Yongyu , Zhu Zhixiang , Zhang Rui , Wang Weijun , Wu Miaoling , Lu Xinhai , Yan Bin , Liang Qian
Published: May 2024

Background

Despite advancements in school scoliosis screening (SSS), there are still no effective indicators to estimate the severity of spinal curvature. We aim to investigate the association between incorrect postures and curve magnitude of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) among Chinese adolescents.

Methods

In this SSS program, we examined the incorrect posture, Adam’s forward bending test (FBT) results, and angle of trunk rotation (ATR) in adolescents. Those with suspected scoliosis were referred for a standing anteroposterior whole-spine radiography as outpatients. The radiographic data of 426 students with lateral Cobb angles were collected from 2016 to 2022 and the associations were studied using logistic regression (LR) models and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results

Univariate LR revealed that female gender [odds ratio (OR) = 2.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.67–5.09, P < 0.001], age 16–19y (OR = 2.83, 95%CI 1.10–7.28, P = 0.031), right shoulder height (OR = 2.15, 95%CI 1.23–3.75, P = 0.007), right scapula tilt (OR = 2.03, 95%CI 1.18–3.50, P = 0.010), right rib hump (OR = 1.88, 95%CI 1.23–2.85, P = 0.003), right thoracic rotation ≥ 5° (OR = 2.14, 95%CI 1.43–3.20, P < 0.001), and left thoracolumbar kyphosis (OR = 3.79, 95%CI 1.06–13.56, P = 0.041) were all significantly associated with the severity of the curve magnitude. Multivariate LR showed that female gender [adjusted OR (AOR) = 3.23, 95%CI 1.81–5.73, P < 0.001], those aged 16–19y (AOR = 5.08, 95%CI 1.86–13.91, P = 0.002), and with a right rib hump (AOR = 1.72, 95%CI 1.11–2.64, P = 0.015) presented with a higher risk of severe curve magnitude than men, those aged 7–12y, and without a rib hump, respectively. ROC curves further proved that sex, age, shoulder-height difference, scapula tilt, flat back, rib hump, angle of thoracic rotation were the risk predictors for curve magnitude.

Conclusion

Incorrect posture and ATR, especially the right rib hump, were significantly associated with the curve magnitude of AIS. Early screening for incorrect postures and ATR could be an effective and economical strategy to predict the severity of AIS through SSS in Chinese adolescents.
Navigating diagnostic challenges—distinguishing malignant melanoma and clear cell sarcoma of soft tissues: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Abdouh Soufiane , Boujguenna Imane , Soleh Abdelwahed , Abkari Imad , Rais Hanane
Published: May 2024

Background

Within the spectrum of melanocytic-differentiated tumors, the challenge faced by pathologists is discerning accurate diagnoses, with clear cell sarcoma of soft tissues standing out as a rare and aggressive neoplasm originating from the neural crest. Accounting for 1% of all soft tissue sarcomas, clear cell sarcoma of soft tissues poses diagnostic complexities, often misidentified owing to its phenotypic resemblance to malignant melanoma. This chapter delves into the intricacies of clear cell sarcoma of soft tissues, its epidemiology, characteristic manifestations, and the imperative need for a comprehensive diagnostic approach involving immunohistochemical and molecular analyses.

Case presentation

A compelling case unfolds as a 25-year-old male from Morocco, initially misdiagnosed with malignant melanoma, experiences tumor recurrence on the second toe. With no history of trauma or familial neoplasia, the patient’s clinical journey is explored, emphasizing the importance of detailed clinical examinations and radiological assessments. The chapter elucidates the histopathological findings, immunohistochemical spectrum, and the correlation between clinical parameters and diagnostic inference, ultimately leading to metatarsal amputation. This clinical vignette highlights the multidimensional diagnostic process in soft tissue neoplasms, emphasizing the synergistic role of clinical, radiological, and histopathological insights.

Conclusion

The diagnostic challenges inherent in melanocytic-differentiated tumors, exemplified by the rarity of soft tissue clear cell sarcoma, underscore the essential role of an integrated diagnostic approach. This concluding chapter emphasizes the perpetual collaboration required across pathology, clinical medicine, and radiology for nuanced diagnostic precision and tailored therapeutic strategies. The rarity of these soft tissue malignancies necessitates ongoing interdisciplinary engagement, ensuring the optimization of prognosis and treatment modalities through a comprehensive understanding of the diagnostic intricacies presented by clear cell sarcoma of soft tissues.
Imaging and blood flow characteristics of cerebrovascular fenestration malformation and its relationship with the occurrence of ischemic cerebrovascular disease
Authors: Xing Weifang , Zhang Wensheng , Zhu Minzhen , Wen Yangchun , Huang Yunqiang , He JinZhao
Published: May 2024

Objective

To explore the imaging and transcranial Doppler cerebral blood flow characteristics of cerebrovascular fenestration malformation and its relationship with the occurrence of ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the imaging data of 194 patients with cerebrovascular fenestration malformation who visited the Heyuan People’s Hospital from July 2021 to July 2023. The location and morphology of the fenestration malformation blood vessels as well as the presence of other cerebrovascular diseases were analyzed. Transcranial Doppler cerebral blood flow detection data of patients with cerebral infarction and those with basilar artery fenestration malformation were also analyzed.

Results

A total of 194 patients with cerebral vascular fenestration malformation were found. Among the artery fenestration malformation, basilar artery fenestration was the most common, accounting for 46.08% (94/194). 61 patients (31.44%) had other vascular malformations, 97 patients (50%) had cerebral infarction, of which 30 were cerebral infarction in the fenestrated artery supply area. 28 patients with cerebral infarction in the fenestrated artery supply area received standardized antiplatelet, lipid-lowering and plaque-stabilizing medication treatment. During the follow-up period, these patients did not experience any symptoms of cerebral infarction or transient ischemic attack again. There were no differences in peak systolic flow velocity and end diastolic flow velocity, pulsatility index and resistance index between the ischemic stroke group and the no ischemic stroke group in patients with basal artery fenestration malformation (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Cerebrovascular fenestration malformation is most common in the basilar artery. Cerebrovascular fenestration malformation may also be associated with other cerebrovascular malformations. Standardized antiplatelet and statin lipid-lowering and plaque-stabilizing drugs are suitable for patients with cerebral infarction complicated with fenestration malformation. The relationship between cerebral blood flow changes in basilar artery fenestration malformation and the occurrence of ischemic stroke may not be significant.
Giant viral signatures on the Greenland ice sheet
Authors: Perini Laura , Sipes Katie , Zervas Athanasios , Bellas Christopher , Lutz Stefanie , Moniruzzaman Mohammad , Mourot Rey , Benning Liane G. , Tranter Martyn , Anesio Alexandre M.
Published: May 2024

Background

Dark pigmented snow and glacier ice algae on glaciers and ice sheets contribute to accelerating melt. The biological controls on these algae, particularly the role of viruses, remain poorly understood. Giant viruses, classified under the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDV) supergroup (phylum Nucleocytoviricota), are diverse and globally distributed. NCLDVs are known to infect eukaryotic cells in marine and freshwater environments, providing a biological control on the algal population in these ecosystems. However, there is very limited information on the diversity and ecosystem function of NCLDVs in terrestrial icy habitats.

Results

In this study, we investigate for the first time giant viruses and their host connections on ice and snow habitats, such as cryoconite, dark ice, ice core, red and green snow, and genomic assemblies of five cultivated Chlorophyta snow algae. Giant virus marker genes were present in almost all samples; the highest abundances were recovered from red snow and the snow algae genomic assemblies, followed by green snow and dark ice. The variety of active algae and protists in these GrIS habitats containing NCLDV marker genes suggests that infection can occur on a range of eukaryotic hosts. Metagenomic data from red and green snow contained evidence of giant virus metagenome-assembled genomes from the orders Imitervirales, Asfuvirales, and Algavirales.

Conclusion

Our study highlights NCLDV family signatures in snow and ice samples from the Greenland ice sheet. Giant virus metagenome-assembled genomes (GVMAGs) were found in red snow samples, and related NCLDV marker genes were identified for the first time in snow algal culture genomic assemblies; implying a relationship between the NCLDVs and snow algae. Metatranscriptomic viral genes also aligned with metagenomic sequences, suggesting that NCLDVs are an active component of the microbial community and are potential “top-down” controls of the eukaryotic algal and protistan members. This study reveals the unprecedented presence of a diverse community of NCLDVs in a variety of glacial habitats dominated by algae.
A systematic review of the biomarkers associated with cognition and mood state in bipolar disorder
Authors: Pérez-Ramos Anaid , Romero-López-Alberca Cristina , Hidalgo-Figueroa Maria , Berrocoso Esther , Pérez-Revuelta Jose I.
Published: May 2024

Background

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by changes in mood that alternate between (hypo) mania or depression and mixed states, often associated with functional impairment and cognitive dysfunction. But little is known about biomarkers that contribute to the development and sustainment of cognitive deficits. The aim of this study was to review the association between neurocognition and biomarkers across different mood states.

Method

Search databases were Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed. A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Studies were selected that focused on the correlation between neuroimaging, physiological, genetic or peripheral biomarkers and cognition in at least two phases of BD: depression, (hypo)mania, euthymia or mixed. PROSPERO Registration No.: CRD42023410782.

Results

A total of 1824 references were screened, identifying 1023 published articles, of which 336 were considered eligible. Only 16 provided information on the association between biomarkers and cognition in the different affective states of BD. The included studies found: (i) Differences in levels of total cholesterol and C reactive protein depending on mood state; (ii) There is no association found between cognition and peripheral biomarkers; (iii) Neuroimaging biomarkers highlighted hypoactivation of frontal areas as distinctive of acute state of BD; (iv) A deactivation failure has been reported in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), potentially serving as a trait marker of BD.

Conclusion

Only a few recent articles have investigated biomarker-cognition associations in BD mood phases. Our findings underline that there appear to be central regions involved in BD that are observed in all mood states. However, there appear to be underlying mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction that may vary across different mood states in BD. This review highlights the importance of standardizing the data and the assessment of cognition, as well as the need for biomarkers to help prevent acute symptomatic phases of the disease, and the associated functional and cognitive impairment.
Potential suicide risk among the college student population: machine learning approaches for identifying predictors and different students’ risk profiles
Authors: Dagani Jessica , Buizza Chiara , Ferrari Clarissa , Ghilardi Alberto
Published: May 2024

Background

Suicide is one of the leading causes of death among young people and university students. Research has identified numerous socio-demographic, relational, and clinical factors as potential predictors of suicide risk, and machine learning techniques have emerged as promising ways to improve risk assessment.

Objective

This cross-sectional observational study aimed at identifying predictors and college student profiles associated with suicide risk through a machine learning approach.

Methods

A total of 3102 students were surveyed regarding potential suicide risk, socio-demographic characteristics, academic career, and physical/mental health and well-being. The classification tree technique and the multiple correspondence analysis were applied to define students’ profiles in terms of suicide risk and to detect the main predictors of such a risk.

Results

Among the participating students, 7% showed high potential suicide risk and 3.8% had a history of suicide attempts. Psychological distress and use of alcohol/substance were prominent predictors of suicide risk contributing to define the profile of high risk of suicide: students with significant psychological distress, and with medium/high-risk use of alcohol and psychoactive substances. Conversely, low psychological distress and low-risk use of alcohol and substances, together with religious practice, represented the profile of students with low risk of suicide.

Conclusions

Machine learning techniques could hold promise for assessing suicide risk in college students, potentially leading to the development of more effective prevention programs. These programs should address both risk and protective factors and be tailored to students’ needs and to the different categories of risk.
Case Report: A rare case of lightning strike causing corneal burn injury
Authors: Sharma Soumya , Daigavane Sachin
Published: May 2024

The likelihood of being hit by the likelihood of experiencing lightning within a year was approximately 1 in 960,000. Despite this alarming statistic, it is reassuring to know that the chances of surviving a lightning strike are relatively high; around 90% of people who are struck by lightning manage to survive. Lightning-caused ophthalmic injuries are caused by heat that can be generated through the direct or indirect flow of electric current, and by resistance and shock waves caused by heat. Electrical burn injuries rarely cause ocular complications, since the initial burn is typically fatal. We present a case of lightning injury that affected the eyes. and its treatment and a brief overview of the literature on the subject.