bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural Properties Dependence on Annealing Temperature of 1-D Lanthanum Iron Garnet Nanofiber Prepared via Electrospinning Technique
Authors: Jusoh Mohamad Ashry , Esa Fahmiruddin , Nazlan Rodziah
Published: August 2019

The effect of anealing temperature on structural properties of Lanthanum Iron Garnet (LIG) nanofiber has been studied. The LIG nanofiber were prepared by electrospinning technique. This technique has been extensively developed as a simple and efficient method for drawing nanofibers from polymer solutions. The viscous LIG solution were loaded in syringe and were pumped at 0.05 mL/h. The nanofibers were collected on aluminium foil and were treated at 700 °C, 750 °C and 1000 °C in order to study the effect of annealing temperature to the nanofibers structure. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) were employed to study the phase formation and morphology of the samples. The XRD results of LIG nanofiber reveals that as the annealing temperature increases from 700 °C to 1000 °C, the corresponding peaks become sharper and narrower, which demonstrate the improvement of crystallinity and crystallite size. The FESEM images of LIG nanofiber demonstrates that the nanofibers treated at 700 °C have continuous structure with a relatively rough surface and their diameter range is within 41.3 nm and 58.7 nm. Subsequently, when the calcination temperature increase further, the morphology of the sample is dramatically changed. As calcinations temperature rises to 750 °C, the surface of resultant nanofibers start to become agglomerate due to the growth and coalescence of the particle in the nanofibers under the calcination process and the nanofibers structure change back to continuous structure with bigger diameter at 1000 °C as compared to calcination temperature of 700 °C.
Effect of Synthesis Conditions on Pseudocapacitance Properties of Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon Materials
Authors: Boychuk Volodymyra , Kotsyubynsky Volodymyr , Kachmar Andrii , Budzulyak Sergiy , Budzulyak Ivan , Rachiy Bogdan , Yablon Lyubov
Published: August 2019

The electrochemical properties of the nitrogen-enriched carbons obtained by plant raw treatment as electrode material for supercapacitors were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cycling voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling in KOH aqueous electrolyte. The effect of activation agent (NaOH) concentration and carbonization temperature were analyzed. The separation of double layer and redox capacitance components was done. The dominating role of microporosity for capacitive properties was demonstrated. The capacitance of model capacitors based on carbons obtained at different modes was calculated from both from cycling voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge data. The maximal values of specific capacitance of carbon materials carbonized at 600°C and 900°C are about 100 and 120 F/g, respectively.
Effect of the Substrate Temperature on the Properties of SnO2 Thin Films Prepared by Ultrasonic Spray for Solar Cells Applications
Authors: Kalai Radia , Otmani Amara , Bechiri Lakhdar , Benslim Noureddine , Amara Abdelaziz , Portier Xavier , Marie Philippe
Published: August 2019

Structural, optical and electrical properties of SnO2 thin films deposited by spray ultrasonic technique were investigated by varying substrate temperature. The structural characterization of the films was analyzed via X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Films surface morphologies were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Optical absorption spectrum was recorded using the UV–Vis spectroscopy and the films were found to be transparent. Optical measurements showed that the layers had a relatively high absorption coefficient of 105 cm−1. A shift in the absorption edge was observed and the films exhibited direct transitions with band gap energies ranging from 3.85 to 3.94 eV.
Analytical Quantum Model for Germanium Channel Gate-All-Around (GAA) MOSFET
Authors: Vimala P. , Nithin Kumar N.R.
Published: August 2019

The paper proposes analytical model for Gate-All-Around Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (GAA-MOSFET) for germanium channel including quantum mechanical effects. It is achieved by solving coupled Schrodinger-Poisson’s equation using variational approach. The proposed model takes quantum confinement effects to obtain charge centroid and inversion charge model. By using these models the quantum version of inversion layer capacitance, inversion charge distribution function and Drain current expressions are modelled and the performance evaluation of the developed model is compared with Silicon channel GAA-MOSFET. Analytically modelled expressions are verified by comparing the model with simulation results.
Optical and Structural Properties of TOPO/HDA Capped CuS Nanocrystals via Thermal Decomposition of Bis(N-Diisopropyldithiocarbamate)Cu(II) Complex
Authors: Mbese Johannes Z. , Ajibade Peter A. , Matebese Funeka , Agoro Mojeed A.
Published: August 2019

We present the rational synthesis of novel nanocrystals CuS (nc-CuS) by single source molecular precursor (SSMP) method. Among the present materials synthetic routes, the SSMP route is high efficient and comfortable way to construct nanostructured materials. Both CuS nanocrystals capped with hexadecylamine (HDA) and trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) have been synthesized by thermolysing bis (N-diisopropyldithiocarbamate)Cu (II) complex at 180 °C. Various physicochemical characterizations such as SEM images of nc-CuS exhibited uniform exfoliated surface morphologies with uniform continuous network of about 50 μm agglomerated particles. Our method could be broadly applicable for the preparation of other high quality yield metal sulfide nanostructures
One Step Synthesis of Graphene-Like Structures by Carbonization of some Carbohydrates in Molten Salt Media
Authors: Gürünlü Betül , Bayramoğlu Mahmut
Published: August 2019

Graphene is one of the most promising materials discovered in last years. It is usually synthesized by Hummers’ method requiring the usage of many chemicals. As an alternative to traditional methods, in this study a bottom-up synthesis method was developed from various saccharides such as starch, mannose, cellulose, fructose, arabinose, and xylose by carbonization at 600 °C to 800 °C in LiCl/KCl molten salt system. The proposed method is environmental friendly and economic. Graphene yields at 600 °C are higher than at 800 °C. Graphene products give peak at 2θ = 23° on the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns. As the temperature is increased, amorph structure is observed on the XRD patterns. Raman spectroscopy results show that intensity of D band peak over intensity of G band peak (ID/IG) values of graphene products synthesized from arabinose and cellulose at 600 °C, graphene from arabinose synthesized at 800 °C are 0.76, 0.65 and 0.85 respectively, which show that these products are few-layered. According to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results, graphene products synthesized at 600 °C have higher carbon content than those synthesized at 800 °C.
Mechanically Milled Co1-xFexO4 Nanocrystalline for Magnetic Hyperthermia Application
Authors: Lemine O.M. , Alrub Sharif Abu
Published: August 2019

Mechanical alloying of a mixture of Fe2O3 and CoO powders has been applied for the preparation of nanocrystalline. Utilizing a ball-to-powder mass ratio of 20, milling time of 20 hours followed by annealing at 900°C, we could obtain a nanocrystalline of high crystallinity and composed of mainly CoFe2O4 phase with presence of Fe2O3 as revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Magnetic measurements using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) reveal high saturation magnetization for the annealed sample close to CoFe2O4 phase value. The heating efficiency of the obtained nanocrystalline is studied under an alternating magnetic field and as a function of the concentration. It was found that the nanocrystalline generate a substantial amount of heat when exposed to an alternating magnetic field. In vitro hyperthermia experiment was carried out and our result clearly demonstrates the ability of the obtained nanocrystalline to kill cancer cell through magnetic hyperthermia.
Spectroscopy Resonance Plasmon Efficient Tool for Cell Adsorption
Authors: Bouafsoun Amira , Jaffrezic-Renault Nicole , Mora Laurence
Published: August 2019

It is important to analyze cell monolayer adherence for the development of biomedical devices of anti-thrombogenic vascular grafts. Endothelial cells must be firmly attached to the biomaterials when cells are seeded in order to create a natural lining. Polystyrene (PS) is presented as a reproducible implant model substrate for studying cell – material interactions. Polystyrene was deposited as a thin layer on a thiol functionalized gold electrode. Fibronectin (Fn), a protein promoting the cell monolayer adhesion was adsorbed on PS surface. The different steps of this multilayer assembly were characterized by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) technique. A right shift of the SPR resonance angle θSPR was observed leading an increase from 65.5 deg in the case of gold electrode to 66.8 deg in the case where cell monolayer was cultured onto functionalized gold substrate. A shift in the SPR peak minimum intensity was detected in the SPR response of Au/Thiol/PS/Fn and Au/Thiol/PS/Fn/Cell multilayer assembly structures. This result is explained using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) images and according transverse profiles which indicate surface morphological modifications in term of thickness.
New Anti-Aging and Anti-Wrinkle Material: Properties and Activities of Nanoparticle Containing Poly(Aspartic Acid) Derivatives
Authors: Yu Hyo Gyeong , Ji Hong Geun , Kim Ju Duck , Jang Hye In
Published: August 2019

Polymers such as sodium polyacrylate; polysaccharides in starch; polyamino acids, which are the products of alpha-amino acid condensation; and polypeptides are widely used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. They are used as viscosity agent, emulsifying agent, and carriers for drug delivery. However, we studied the function of polymers as activity agent, especially that of synthesized poly(aspartic acid). Poly(aspartic acid) is a biocompatible synthetic polymer. It is a water-soluble polyamide containing carboxylic pendants prepared from polysuccinimide, the polycondensate of aspartic acid monomer, by hydrolysis. In this study, we prepared poly(aspartic acid) derivatives conjugated with L-lysine or L-lysine and other materials. The chemical structure of these polymers was confirmed by FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, these novel poly(aspartic acid) derivatives stimulated typeⅠcollagen biosynthesis and inhibited MMP-1(collagenase) activity. We could conclude that the microfludization process improved skin permeability and confirmed better permeability than that achieved with existing nano emulsions.
PLA/MMT and PLA/Halloysite Bio-Nanocomposite Films: Mechanical, Barrier, and Transparency
Authors: Othman Siti Hajar , Ling Hee Nyia , Talib Rosnita A. , Naim Mohd Nazli , Risyon Nazratul Putri , Saifullah Md.
Published: August 2019

The usage of biopolymers in developing biodegradable food packaging films that are sustainable and safe towards environment has been restricted because of the poor mechanical and barrier properties of the biopolymers. This study aims to enhance the limited properties of biopolymers particularly polylactic acid (PLA) for food packaging applications by investigating the effects of incorporating different types (montmorillonite (MMT) and halloysite) and concentrations (0–9 wt.%) of nanoclays on the mechanical, oxygen barrier, and transparency properties of the films. PLA with 3 wt.% concentration of nanoclays resulted in the optimum mechanical and oxygen barrier properties due to the strong interaction between nanoclays and torturous path length created by nanoclays respectively. Nevertheless, these properties reduced as more nanoclays (≥5 wt.%) was added into the films due to agglomeration of nanoclays. PLA incorporated with MMT nanoclay exhibited better properties compared to halloysite nanoclay due to the nanoclay structure in nature. Addition of 3 wt.% nanoclays into virtually transparent PLA film have only small effects on the transparency of the film whereby the reduction in light transmittance was only around 10%. This study is crucial to improve the feasibility of biopolymers usage for food packaging applications.
Schwannomas of Ear, Nose, Throat and Neck
Authors: Sathe Nilam , Shelke Sheetal , Pareek Ankur , Chavan Kamini
Published: August 2019

Schwannoma is a benign tumour of nerve sheath origin with latent malignant potential. All cranial nerves can give rise to schwannoma except for olfactory and optic nerves, which are devoid of Schwann cell. Schwanommas are usually asymptomatic and present late owing to compression of nerve of origin. We present our study of 19 cases of schwannoma arising from unusual sites in head and neck, having varied presentation and the challenges faced in management of these cases. These cases presented in detail to the department of Ear, Nose and Throat, KEM Hospital, and were thoroughly evaluated clinically and radiologically to formulate a management strategy. Schwannoma of the head and neck is a rare entity but should be considered as differential diagnosis in unilateral nasal mass cases, palatal masses, anterior and lateral neck masses. Nerve of origin may not always be clear preoperatively but the possibility of postoperative loss of nerve function should be kept in mind. Radiological investigations like computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging play a pivotal role in management. In case of nonvascular neck tumours, fine needle aspiration cytology is crucial but has low accuracy in the diagnosis of neural tumors. Histopathology of excised tumour remains the gold standard in diagnosis.
Postthrombectomy Cerebral Hyperdensity: Usefulness as a Predictor of Future Hemorrhage or Infarction
Authors: Moussa Amgad , El Serwi Ahmed , Tork Mohamed
Published: August 2019

Aim: This study aims to examine the association between the presence of postinterventional cerebral hyperdensities (PCHD) and the occurrence of hemorrhagic transformation. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 33 patients who underwent successful mechanical thrombectomy for emergent large vessel occlusion of the anterior circulation and received two computed tomography (CT) scans of the brain; the first (CT1) within 4.5 h from the procedure and the second (CT2) within 4 days from the procedure. In patients who showed PCHD on CT1, CT2 was checked to detect hemorrhage or infarction in the location of the noted PCHD. Statistical analysis was done through the Fisher's exact test to detect the association between PCHD and hemorrhagic transformation. Results: 28 of the 33 patients (84.8%) showed PCHD on CT1. 20 of the 28 patients (71.4%) showed infarction on CT2, while 8 patients (28.6%) showed hemorrhage. The 5 patients that did not show PCHD on CT1 all showed infarction on CT2. Analysis of our results revealed that although cases with hemorrhage had more frequent positive contrast compared to infarction, this difference did not reach a statistically significant level (P = 0.302). Conclusion: We concluded that the presence of PCHD may be associated with future risk of hemorrhagic transformation, but this association did not reach statistical significance. Further studies are needed to validate these results, which may affect the use of antiplatelets in the immediate postthrombectomy period in the presence of PCHD.
Unavoidable Risks: Local Perspectives on Water Contact Behavior and Implications for Schistosomiasis Control in an Agricultural Region of Northern Senegal
Authors: Lund Andrea J. , Sam Mouhamadou Moustapha , Sy Alioune Badara , Sow Omar W. , Ali Sofia , Sokolow Susanne H. , Bereknyei Merrell Sylvia , Bruce Janine , Jouanard Nicolas , Senghor Simon , Riveau Gilles , Lopez-Carr David , De Leo Giulio A.
Published: August 2019

Human schistosomiasis is a snail-borne parasitic disease affecting more than 200 million people worldwide. Direct contact with snail-infested freshwater is the primary route of exposure. Water management infrastructure, including dams and irrigation schemes, expands snail habitat, increasing the risk across the landscape. The Diama Dam, built on the lower basin of the Senegal River to prevent saltwater intrusion and promote year-round agriculture in the drought-prone Sahel, is a paradigmatic case. Since dam completion in 1986, the rural population—whose livelihoods rely mostly on agriculture—has suffered high rates of schistosome infection. The region remains one of the most hyperendemic regions in the world. Because of the convergence between livelihoods and environmental conditions favorable to transmission, schistosomiasis is considered an illustrative case of a disease-driven poverty trap (DDPT). The literature to date on the topic, however, remains largely theoretical. With qualitative data generated from 12 focus groups in four villages, we conducted team-based theme analysis to investigate how perception of schistosomiasis risk and reported preventive behaviors may suggest the presence of a DDPT. Our analysis reveals three key findings: 1) rural villagers understand schistosomiasis risk (i.e., where and when infections occur), 2) accordingly, they adopt some preventive behaviors, but ultimately, 3) exposure persists, because of circumstances characteristic of rural livelihoods. These findings highlight the capacity of local populations to participate actively in schistosomiasis control programs and the limitations of widespread drug treatment campaigns. Interventions that target the environmental reservoir of disease may provide opportunities to reduce exposure while maintaining resource-dependent livelihoods.
Accelerated Testing
Authors:   Visteon Corp, Dodson Bryan L , Schwab Harry L ,   Horiba Automotive Test Systems Corp.
Published: August 2019

The application of accelerated testing theory is a difficult proposition, yet one that can result in considerable time and cost savings, as well as increasing a product's useful life. In Accelerated Testing: A Practitioner's Guide to Accelerated and Reliability Testing, readers are exposed to the latest, most practical knowledge available in this dynamic and important discipline. Authors Bryan Dodson and Harry Schwab draw on their considerable experience in the field to present comprehensive, insightful views in this book. Development and quality assurance tests are defined in detail and are presented from a practical viewpoint. Included are testing fundamentals, plans and models, and equipment and methods most commonly used in accelerated testing. Individuals seeking to evaluate and improve the design lives of components and systems will find this book a valuable reference, with special attention being paid to testing in the mobility industries.
O futebol na colônia Santa Felicidade: memórias de uma identidade imigrante italiana
Authors: Junior Luiz Canedo , Capraro André Mendes , Souza Maria Thereza
Published: August 2019

Fundada no final do século XIX uma antiga colônia de imigrantes italianos, tornou-se um dos bairros mais tradicionais de Curitiba-PR. Muito famosa pelos seus restaurantes de comida típica e vinícolas, Santa Felicidade é a sede de dois clubes tradicionais de futebol, a Sociedade Operária Beneficente Esportiva Iguaçu e o Trieste Futebol Clube. O presente artigo objetiva entender como o futebol participou(a) da (re)construção da identidade “italiana” dentro da colônia/bairro Santa Felicidade. Por meio dos procedimentos teóricos e metodológicos da História Oral foi possível perceber que os fragmentos memoriais analisados se tratam de fenômenos sociais em construção. As manifestações étnicas como a gastronomia e a arquitetura singular, juntamente com o futebol, mostram como os italianos construíram ao longo dos anos uma identidade, mesmo que estereotipada, dentro de Santa Felicidade.
A Monitoring Framework for Global Financial Stability
Authors: Adrian Tobias , He Dong , Liang Nellie , Natalucci Fabio
Published: August 2019

This paper describes the conceptual framework that guides assessments of financial stability risks for multilateral surveillance, as currently presented in the Global Financial Stability Report (GFSR). The framework emphasizes consistency in measuring financial vulnerabilities across countries and over time and offers a summary statistic to quantify aggregate financial stability risks. The two parts of the empirical approach—a matrix of specific vulnerabilities and a summary measure of financial stability risks—are distinct but highly complementary for monitoring and policymaking.
Strategy for Fintech Applications in the Pacific Island Countries
Authors: Davidovic Sonja , Loukoianova Elena , Sullivan Cormac , Tourpe Hervé
Published: August 2019

The Bali Fintech Agenda highlights 12 principles for policymakers to consider when formulating their approaches to new financial technology (fintech). The agenda aims to harness the potential of fintech while managing associated risks. This paper looks at how some elements of the Bali Fintech Agenda could be used in Pacific island countries, which face significant financial-structural challenges.
People’s Republic of China
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Published: August 2019

After the slowdown in 2018, reflecting financial regulatory strengthening and softening external demand, growth stabilized in early 2019. Financial deleveraging and reduced interconnectedness between banks and non-banks have helped contain the build-up of financial risks, but vulnerabilities remain elevated and progress on rebalancing is mixed. While a moderate slowdown is expected in 2019, uncertainty around trade tensions remains high and risks are tilted to the downside.
Sensitivities of two tropical epibenthic amphipodsto physical chemical variables and reference toxicants
Authors: Passarelli Marina Cunha , Abessa Denis M.S. , Cesar Augusto
Published: August 2019

This study sought to evaluate the sensitivity of two epibenthic amphipods (Hyalenigraand Hyaleyoungi) to reference substances inorder toevaluate their potential as test-organisms in ecotoxicological studies. First, theoptimal ranges of salinity, temperature, and pH were estimated for both species. Then, toxicity tests with different reference toxicants were conducted. The selected contaminants were cadmium chloride (CdCl2), sodium dodecyl sulfate detergent (C12H25NaO4S), ammonium chloride (NH4Cl2), potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4).The mortalities were recorded and the effectiveconcentrations to 50% organisms (LC5096h)were estimated. Sensitivities of both species were similar to those reported in studies on other amphipods, which is evidence of the potential of these species to serve as test organisms in ecotoxicological studies.
Toxicity of drilling fluids in aquatic organisms: a review
Authors: Aslan Jan Fernandes , Weber Laura Isabel , Iannacone Jose , Lugon Junior Jader , Saraiva Victor Barbosa , Oliveira Manildo Marcião
Published: August 2019

Offshore oil-well drilling has been a subject of great interest to environmental regulatory agencies worldwide. The drilling fluids used in this process involve a complex mixture of chemicals and are largely discharged into the ocean. Acute and chronic toxicity tests have been done to better understand the effects of different types of drilling fluids on aquatic organisms. The aim of this article was to analyze all the studies related to the toxicity of drilling fluids published during the period of 2000 to 2017 by conducting a thorough review through the Scopus and Science Direct databases. Out of 154 articles, only 25 showed relevant information about the toxicity of drilling fluids. Acute toxicity tests were the predominant tests employed, appearing in 56% of the articles. Invertebrates were the most evaluated taxa, used in 64% of cases and represented mainly by Crustacea (32%), Mollusca (16%), and other invertebrates. Vertebrates were represented only by fish, constituting 32% of the cases. Water-based drilling fluids (WBFs) (32%) were the most frequently tested, followed by synthetic-based fluids or muds (SBFs) (24%) and oil-based fluids (OBFs) (16%). Individual components were tested in 12% of the cases, while 16% of studies included more than one type of drilling fluid. After analyzing the toxicity of drilling fluids and the sensitivity of aquatic organisms presented in 25 articles published in scientific journals, we concluded that WBFs—showing, in general, lower values of median lethal concentrations than do natural oil- and SBFs—are the most toxic drilling fluids to invertebrates in the short term. The gaps of information found in this review indicate that future studies need to address the acute and chronic effects of WBFs in both juvenile and adult fish and in other vertebrates; they also need to address the chronic effects of non-aqueous-based fluids on adult invertebrates. As crustaceans are more sensitive to drilling fluids than are mollusks, it is also recommended that they be used in future studies.
Surface flux estimates derived from UAS-based mole fraction measurements by means of a nocturnal boundary layer budget approach
Authors: Kunz Martin , Lavric Jost V. , Gasche Rainer , Gerbig Christoph , Grant Richard H. , Koch Frank-Thomas , Schumacher Marcus , Wolf Benjamin , Zeeman Matthias
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The carbon exchange between ecosystems and the atmosphere has a large influence on the Earth system and specifically on the climate. This exchange is therefore being studied intensively, often using the eddy covariance (EC) technique. EC measurements provide reliable results under turbulent atmospheric conditions, but under stable conditions – as they often occur at night – these measurements are known to misrepresent exchange fluxes. Nocturnal boundary layer (NBL) budgets can provide independent flux estimates under stable conditions, but their application so far has been limited by rather high cost and practical difficulties. Unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) equipped with trace gas analysers have the potential to make this method more accessible. We present the methodology and results of a proof of concept study carried out during the ScaleX 2016 campaign. Successive vertical profiles of carbon dioxide dry air mole fraction in the NBL were taken with a compact analyser carried by a UAS. We estimate an average carbon dioxide flux of 12 μmol m−2 s−1, which is plausible for nocturnal respiration in this region in summer. Transport modelling suggests that the NBL budgets represent an area on the order of 100 km2.
Measuring ocean surface velocities with the KuROS and KaRADOC airborne near-nadir Doppler radars: a multi-scale analysis in preparation of the SKIM mission
Authors: Marié Louis , Collard Fabrice , Nouguier Frédéric , Pineau-Guillou Lucia , Hauser Danièle , Boy François , Méric Stéphane , Peureux Charles , Monnier Goulven , Chapron Bertrand , Martin Adrien , Dubois Pierre , Donlon Craig , Casal Tania , Ardhuin Fabrice
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Surface currents are poorly known over most of the oceans. Satellite-borne Doppler Waves and Current Scatterometers (DWCS) can be used to fill this observation gap. The Sea surface KInematics Multiscale (SKIM) proposal, is the first satellite concept built on a DWCS design at near-nadir angles, and now one of the two candidates to become the 9th mission of the European Space Agency Earth Explorer program. As part of the detailed design and feasibility studies (phase A) funded by ESA, airborne measurements were carried out with both a Ku-Band and a Ka-Band Doppler radars looking at the sea surface at near nadir-incidence in a real-aperture mode, i.e. in a geometry and mode similar to that of SKIM. The airborne radar KuROS was deployed to provide simultaneous measurements of the radar backscatter and Doppler velocity, in a side-looking configuration, with an horizontal resolution of about 5 to 10 m along the line of sight and integrated in the perpendicular direction over the real-aperture 1-way 3-dB footprint diameter (about 580 m). The KaRADOC system has a much narrower beam and footprint that only about 45 m in diameter. The experiment took place in November 2018 off the French Atlantic coast, with sea states representative of the open ocean and a well known tide-dominated current regime. The data set is analyzed to explore the contribution of non-geophysical velocities to the measurement and how the geophysical part of the measured velocity combines wave-resolved and wave-averaged scales. We find that the measured Doppler velocity contains a characteristic wave phase speed, called here C0 that is analogous to the Bragg phase speed of coastal High Frequency radars that use a grazing measurement geometry, with little variations ΔC associated to changes in sea state. The Ka-band measurements at an incidence of 12° are 10 % lower than the theoretical estimate C0 ~ 2.4 m/s for typical oceanic conditions defined by a wind speed of 7 m/s and a significant wave height of 2 m. For Ku-band the measured data is 30 % lower than the theoretical estimate 2.8 m/s. ΔC is of the order of 0.2 m/s for a 1 m change in wave height, and cannot be confused with a 1 m/s change in tidal current. The actual measurement of the current velocity from an aircraft at 4 to 18° incidence angle is, however, made difficult by uncertainties on the measurement geometry, which are much reduced in satellite measurements.
Effect of E-Portfolio-Based Reflection-Enhancing Tasks on Female Saudi Student Teachers’ Development of Reflective Practice With Respect to Lesson Planning and Teacher Research
Authors: Almusharraf Asma Mansour
Published: August 2019

This study was an attempt to develop student teachers’ level of reflection as a result of having a blended teaching practice course. More specifically, its aim was to develop their reflection and performance by having them engage in certain reflection-enhancing tasks in an online e-portfolio during the practicum. To achieve this goal, the study was conducted using 8 student teachers in a practicum course offered at Imam Mohammed ibn Saud Islamic University. This study addressed the research question: How does engaging EFL student teachers in e-portfolio-based reflection-enhancing tasks affect their level of reflection as it pertains to lesson planning and teacher research? El-Okda’s (2009) rubric for assessing reflection was used to evaluate the participants’ reflection-enhancing tasks using descriptive statistics. The findings of this study suggest that the participants understood and learned to reflect through participation in reflection-enhancing tasks with respect to lesson planning and teacher research. The recommendation that a reflection component with a framework of assessment should be incorporated into teaching methods courses and teacher preparation programs is presented.
Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum Infection (Malaria) Among Pregnant Women Attending Primary Health Care in Wushishi
Authors: Kin Agholor , Olusola Lucy F. , Abubakar Idris , Mahmud Yakubu
Published: August 2019

Plasmodium falciparum is the leading cause of malaria in pregnant women, a disease of public health importance especially in Nigeria where the infection is endemic. Hence, this study was conducted to ascertain the prevalent rate of Plasmodium falciparum infection among pregnant women attending antenatal in primary health care center, Wushishi Local Government, Niger state, Nigeria. 150 pregnant women were randomly selected and tested for P. falciparum using Plasmodium falciparum (05FK50) Rapid Diagnostic Test kit. The result obtained, revealed that 36 (24%) out of the 150 samples of the pregnant women were positive without any clinical manifestation of the infection. The result revealed that the prevalence rate was higher among women within 11-20 age group (43.8%) than those within 21-30 (17.4%) and 31 and above (9.0%). It was also observed from the study that prevalence rate was lower among women who use Insecticide Treated Net (6.5%) compared to those who does not (52.6%). Therefore the problem of Plasmodium falciparum infection in pregnant women should be prevented by the use of insecticide treated nets and effective case management with appropriate antimalarial drug during antenatal clinical visits.
The Role of Design in the Development of Poole's Index to Periodical Literature: Implications for American Librarianship
Authors: Clarke Rachel Ivy
Published: August 2019

Although American librarianship is traditionally conceptualized as a social science, this article proposes an alternative conceptualization: that American librarianship can be considered a design field, underlain by design epistemology. To explore this idea, this article investigates the ways in which design epistemology manifests in early American librarianship through the examination of a formative case: the development of Poole's Index to Periodical Literature. Critical examination and interpretation of primary and secondary source evidence from the development of Poole's Index reveals ways in which design epistemology has been present, albeit implicit, since the beginnings of librarianship as a formal profession in America, raising questions and implications for the field at large.
Let Us Forget This Cherishing of Women in Library Work: Women in the American Library War Service, 1918–1920
Authors: Stauffer Suzanne M.
Published: August 2019

When ALA established the War Service Committee in 1917, leading male librarians saw an opportunity to reconstruct the profession as masculine and refused to allow women to serve as librarians in the training camps. Women resisted this attempt to appropriate their profession. Seven notable female librarians submitted a letter to the War Service Committee at the 1918 annual conference, saying, “We are getting excessively weary of being protected, shielded from hard work. We are quite accustomed in our own spheres to doing hard work of all kinds, so let us forget this cherishing of women in library work.” This article explores the interaction of gender, power, and professional identity in this failed attempt by ALA leadership to use the Library War Service to “masculinize” the profession, and the impact that the women's service in camp libraries had on their construction of their professional identity.
Nuevas voces, nuevos enfoques y nuevos temas en la discusión feminista
Authors: Araya Espinoza Alejandra
Published: August 2019

Claudia Apablaza

Araceli Farías Jorquera

Emilia Schneider Videla

Camila Vallejo Dowling

Modera

Alejandra Araya Espinoza
Experimental testing and design of BRB with bolted and pinned connections
Authors: Wijanto Stefan , Clifton G. Charles
Published: August 2019

The recent series of damaging earthquakes in Christchurch, New Zealand has encouraged greater recognition of the post-earthquake economic impacts on New Zealand society and higher emphasis on low-damage earthquake resisting systems. Braced frames incorporating Buckling Restrained Braces (BRB) are seen as a significant contender for such a system.

This research project focuses on the development of a reliable design procedure and detailing requirements for a generic BRB system. To gauge the performance of the designed system and to ascertain the reliability of the developed procedure, a series of static and dynamic sub-assemblage tests on the BRB frame with two different brace connection configurations were performed. The results are presented and discussed herein.

The experimental tests generated stable and near symmetrical hysteresis loops, which is a principal characteristic of a well performing BRB system, albeit with the occurrence of slack in the connections. The experimental test results shows that several improvements need to be made to the proposed design procedure and detailing as outlined throughout the paper; especially the procedural modification to prevent slack from occurring in the two different connection systems. It is envisaged that applications will typically involve use of proprietary braces, however these need to be applied in accordance with the New Zealand design procedure; and determining the appropriate procedure was a key part of this project.
Effects of Graded Reading on Middle School Students’ Reading Comprehension
Authors: Zou Yiyang , Long Shaoyun
Published: August 2019

Reading is a key and focus in the process of students’ English learning (Chen & Jiang, 2010). Research shows that graded reading materials based on students’ reading ability will help students to improve their reading level step by step (Stern & Dich, 2017). The paper here explores the effects on middle school students’ reading comprehension so as to find whether graded reading can cultivate students’ positive reading attitude and improve their reading level or not, using qualitative and quantitative research methods. Results reveal that because of the rich content and active class atmosphere, graded reading is conductive to arouse students’ reading interest and cultivate their positive reading attitude, and the graded reading materials adapted to students’ current reading ability can reduce students’ anxiety, improve their reading level effectively as well. In conclusion, graded reading has certain guiding significance for middle school English reading teaching.
Subtraction-Like Effect in an Ant Faced with Numbers of Elements Including a Crossed One
Authors: Cammaerts Marie-Claire , Cammaerts Roger
Published: August 2019

When trained to a number of colored elements of which one was crossed, tested Myrmica sabuleti worker ants reacted essentially to that number of elements excluding the crossed one. They thus apparently subtracted the crossed element, moreover doing so better for fewer numbers of elements. When trained in the same way but tested in front of a number of uncrossed elements equal to the total number of crossed and uncrossed elements seen during training, and at the same time, to the same number of elements without the crossed one as well as to the crossed element only, the ants again reacted essentially to the number of elements minus the crossed one. Again, they did so better for smaller numbers. The ants reacted thus to the visual cue they best saw during training. They also somewhat reacted to the isolated crossed element and better when trained to lower numbers of elements. When trained to a number of uncrossed colored elements and at the same time, to a cue showing the same number of elements, but one crossed and the others uncolored, the tested ants reacted more to the initial total number of colored elements than to the same total number of colored elements minus the crossed one. This showed again that the ants did not really subtract, but reacted to what they the most distinctly saw during training. They also again better reacted in presence of fewer elements.
Left to Right Oriented Number Scaling in an Ant
Authors: Cammaerts Marie-Claire , Cammaerts Roger
Published: August 2019

Trained to a smaller number of elements versus a larger one and then tested faced with the larger number and twice the smaller one, one set on the left and the other on the right of the larger number, the ants essentially reacted to the smaller number located on the left of the larger one. Trained to a larger number of elements versus a smaller one and then tested faced with the smaller number and twice the larger one, one set on the left and the other on the right of the smaller number, the ants went preferentially to the larger number located on the right of the smaller one. They similarly reacted when trained to zero versus 2 elements (mostly reacting to the zero element located on the left of the 2 elements), and when trained to 2 elements versus zero element (going essentially to the 2 elements located on the right of the zero element). Thus, the ants responded mostly to the left smaller and the right larger number of elements, and this only when a larger and a smaller respectively number of element was set in the middle. In the absence of the latter, the ants went equally to the left and the right numbers of elements. The ants arrange thus mentally the numbers (amounts) on a scale, a number line, locating the smaller quantities on the left and the larger ones on the right, as do humans and the vertebrates which have already been studied as for this numerosity characteristic. Also, the ants’ accuracy of response decreases with increasing numbers of elements.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast and annealed high strength low alloy steel
Authors: Oliveira Bárbara Ferreira de , Oliveira Michel Picanço , Terrones Luis Augusto Hernandez , Azevedo Márcia Giardinieri de , Godefroid Leonardo Barbosa
Published: August 2019

This paper presents a study on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a microalloyed HSLA steel solidified by continuous casting process and annealed at 1100 °C for 1 hour. The techniques of confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and hardness, tensile and Charpy mechanical tests were used. The results of this research showed that the microstructure of the sample in the as-received condition was mainly composed of acicular ferrite and aggregates of ferrite and carbides. Non-metallic inclusion characterization of as-cast steel showed that calcium content was not enough to modify the morphology of some aluminates. After thermal treatment, the initial microstructure was transformed into polygonal ferrite and pearlite. In both conditions, different types of precipitates were found, which were classified according to their distribution in the microstructure. The steel with solidification structure showed a higher tensile strength, but its application would be unlikely in components that require good impact strength.
Physical Exercise: Knowledge, attitude and participation of senior secondary school students of selected private schools in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Oyo State (Nigeria)
Authors: Fabunmi Ayodeji Ayodele , Jumbo Ibigoni Shekinah , Oloyede Martins Jolaoluwa
Published: August 2019

Background: Studies suggest that young adulthood is a critical time for physical exercise interventions. This study assessed knowledge, attitude and participation in physical exercise by students of privately owned secondary schools in Ibadan North East Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Materials and methods: This study is a cross sectional survey. Informed consent was obtained from the schools and individual participants. Multi-stage sampling technique was used in selecting participants for the study. Each participant was guided in completing the questionnaire. Data on knowledge, attitude and participation in physical exercise was obtained from students. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentages and chi square. Results: Five hundred and sixty questionnaires were administered to respondents and 520 (92.9%) were completed and returned. Out of the 520 participants 258 (49.62%) were males and 262 (50.38%) were females. Out of 520 participants, 97.88% had good knowledge about physical exercise (49.23% males and 48.65% females). Out of 520 participants, 410 (78.85%) had good attitude towards physical exercise (40.96% males and 37.89% females). Male participants were better in knowledge and attitude than female participants. Participation in physical exercise was poor because participants were not putting in enough time in physical exercise. Conclusions: Boys had better knowledge about physical exercise and better attitude to physical exercise than girls. Girls actually participate more in physical exercise, though both boys and girls were not putting in enough time in participating in physical exercise. School curriculum that will encourage physical exercise should be adopted with more time allocated for physical exercises
Attitudes of secondary school students towards physical culture, physical education lessons and exercises
Authors: Madejski Eligiusz , Jaros Adrian , Madejski Roger
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Forming positive attitudes of students towards physical culture is the most important task of the school and the physical education teacher. The aim of the study was to determine the attitudes of secondary school students towards physical culture, PE lessons and exercises. Material and methods: The research was conducted in the school year 2015/2016 among secondary school students in the Niepołomice commune. A total of 238 students were examined, including 103 girls and 135 boys. The basic research method was a diagnostic survey and the tool was the questionnaire to study youth attitudes towards physical culture by S. Strzyżewski. Results: The research showed an average level of students’ attitudes towards physical culture. Most students (61.4%) would participate in physical education lessons, even if they were optional. A large group of respondents (50.4%) believe that it would be necessary to increase the number of physical education hours at school. Boys enjoyed exercise more often than girls. They also felt a greater need to play ball games. Conclusions: Students’ attitudes towards physical culture, PE lessons and physical exercises were satisfying. The gender of the respondents differentiated the results in many areas where the percentages were higher in boys. It would be advisable to involve more physical education teachers in forming students’ desirable attitudes towards physical culture.
State estimators and observers for continuous and discrete linear systems.
Part 2. Integral observers for exact state reconstruction
Authors: Byrski Jędrzej , Byrski Witold
Published: August 2019

In the paper, the exact state observers will be presented. The state estimators and observers can be used in technical processes for many purposes like the fault detection and diagnosis, the implementation of the state controllers, and soft reconstruction of inaccessible for measurements variables of the system. As the standard, for continuous systems the differential estimators of Kalman filter or Luenberger type observer are commonly used. However, if the initial conditions of the real state are unknown, both estimators guarantee only an asymptotic quality of the real state tracking. The paper presents another type of the state observers, which for continuous system have the structure given by two integral operators. Based on measurements of the system input and output signals on some predefined finite time interval T, they can reconstruct the initial state exactly. In on-line version, the exact state reconstruction is performed continuously for every t, based on special procedure executed within two moving windows of width T, on sliding time interval [t-T, t].
Współczesny, mądry i piękny detal
Authors: Śmiechowski Dariusz
Published: August 2019

Architecture is, to a large extent, perceived through its details – visible in public spaces, landscapes, buildings. The topic of detailing needs special attention especially because of the deficiency of quality – a lack of cultural values and functionality of many objects, spaces and places constituting our contemporary daily surroundings. Observation of our environment with a sensitive eye, but also the data of public opinion polls prove that a general need and care for solutions that add to functionality, beauty, structural wisdom is not a priority. Objects that are designed and realised with care make a well visible contrast in comparison with common neglect. The opinion of Christopher Alexander and his colleagues can be mentioned, on the two tendencies in approach to the Earth’s environment, shown as two world systems – the one creative and supporting life and a destructive one. The potentially expected growing quality of detailing (meaning the general improvement of architectural quality directed towards suporting life) would require better education within design professions as well as teaching modern art history and schooling of perception for general public. Aiming for this quality has also a moral dimension. A short personal choice of examples, especially the ones reminding the time of early modernity (the beginning of 20th Century) may prove how interesting it can be to see what kind of detailing remains after rejecting of historicisms of the preceding age. The detailing noticeable in public spaces belongs to a large extent to civil engineers for whom spatial qualities should also be the aim.