bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a compulsory clinical pharmacist‐led medication deprescribing intervention in high‐risk seniors in the emergency department
Authors: Jovevski Joshua J. , Smith Cole R. , Roberts Justin L. , Dev Sharmistha , Iloabuchi Tochukwu C. , Gruber Erica A. , Williams Maxwell J. , Slaven James E. , Mitchell Alice M.
Published: February 2023

Objectives

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of an emergency department (ED) deprescribing intervention for geriatric adults. We hypothesized that pharmacist‐led medication reconciliation for at‐risk aging patients would increase the 60‐day case rate of primary care provider (PCP) deprescribing of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs).

Methods

This was a retrospective, before‐and‐after intervention pilot study conducted at an urban Veterans Affairs ED. In November 2020, a protocol utilizing pharmacists to perform medication reconciliations for patients 75 years or older who screened positive using an Identification of Seniors at Risk tool at triage was implemented. Reconciliations focused on identifying PIMs and providing deprescribing recommendations to patients' PCPs. A preintervention group was collected between October 2019 and October 2020, and a postintervention group was collected between February 2021 to February 2022. The primary outcome compared case rates of PIM deprescribing in the preintervention group to the postintervention group. Secondary outcomes include per‐medication PIM deprescribing rate, 30‐day PCP follow‐up visits, 7‐ and 30‐day ED visits, 7‐ and 30‐day hospitalizations, and 60‐day mortality.

Results

A total of 149 patients were analyzed in each group. Both groups were similar in age and sex, with an average age of 82 years and 98% male. The case rate of PIM deprescribing at 60 days was 11.1% preintervention compared to 57.1% postintervention (p < 0.001). Preintervention, 91% of PIMs remained unchanged at 60 days compared to 49% (p < 0.05) postintervention. Regardless of PIM identification, the 30‐day primary care follow‐up rate increased postintervention: 31.5% and 55.7% (p < 0.0001), respectively. There was no improvement in 7‐ or 30‐day subsequent ED visits, hospitalization, or mortality.

Conclusions

Pharmacist‐led medication reconciliation in high‐risk geriatric patients was associated with an increase both in the rate of PIM deprescribing and in post‐ED primary care engagement.
Protease allergens as initiators–regulators of allergic inflammation
Authors: Soh Wai Tuck , Zhang Jihui , Hollenberg Morley D. , Vliagoftis Harissios , Rothenberg Marc E. , Sokol Caroline L. , Robinson Clive , Jacquet Alain
Published: February 2023

Tremendous progress in the last few years has been made to explain how seemingly harmless environmental proteins from different origins can induce potent Th2‐biased inflammatory responses. Convergent findings have shown the key roles of allergens displaying proteolytic activity in the initiation and progression of the allergic response. Through their propensity to activate IgE‐independent inflammatory pathways, certain allergenic proteases are now considered as initiators for sensitization to themselves and to non‐protease allergens. The protease allergens degrade junctional proteins of keratinocytes or airway epithelium to facilitate allergen delivery across the epithelial barrier and their subsequent uptake by antigen‐presenting cells. Epithelial injuries mediated by these proteases together with their sensing by protease‐activated receptors (PARs) elicit potent inflammatory responses resulting in the release of pro‐Th2 cytokines (IL‐6, IL‐25, IL‐1β, TSLP) and danger‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs; IL‐33, ATP, uric acid). Recently, protease allergens were shown to cleave the protease sensor domain of IL‐33 to produce a super‐active form of the alarmin. At the same time, proteolytic cleavage of fibrinogen can trigger TLR4 signaling, and cleavage of various cell surface receptors further shape the Th2 polarization. Remarkably, the sensing of protease allergens by nociceptive neurons can represent a primary step in the development of the allergic response. The goal of this review is to highlight the multiple innate immune mechanisms triggered by protease allergens that converge to initiate the allergic response.
Opioid prescribing patterns following common general surgery procedures in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand
Authors: Mclaughlin Scott , Overell James , Rossaak Jeremy
Published: February 2023

Background

Global increases in opioid prescribing and misuse have prompted calls for closer regulation. Opioid prescription following surgery may lead to long term opioid use. A study was conducted evaluating opioid prescriptions on hospital discharge following common general surgery operations in the Bay of Plenty.

Methods

Retrospective observational study over a two‐year period in two regional New Zealand hospitals. Six hundred and eleven patients aged 18–64 years were assessed. Patients with complications, readmission, and a prescription of opioids in the preceding 3 months were excluded.

Results

A total of 460 patients (165 Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC), 200 Laparoscopic Appendicectomy (LA) and 95 Open Inguinal Hernia Repair (OIHR)) were included in analysis. Opioids were prescribed to 53% of LC, 55% of LA, and 60% of OIHR patients, with a mean of 75.8 Morphine Milligram Equivalents (MMEs), 75.3 MMEs, and 82.8 MMEs respectively. Seven percent of patients (18/254) received a second opioid prescription within 3 months, and of those only 1.6% (4/254) received a further prescription between 3 and 6 months from discharge. Opioid prescribing did not correlate with operation, ethnicity, age, length of stay, or gender, except for males receiving a more MMEs than females following LC (mean 102.0 MMEs versus 65.4 MMEs, P = 0.017).

Conclusion

This study shows a rate of opioid prescribing lower than the USA, and greater than seen in an Australian setting. Substantial amounts of opioids were prescribed following uncomplicated surgery, with significant variability. Improvements in training in post‐operative opioid prescribing are needed. Fortunately, rates of ongoing opioid use were low.
Association of serum albumin to globulin ratio with outcomes in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Wang Anxin , Zhang Yijun , Xia Guangxin , Tian Xue , Zuo Yingting , Chen Pan , Wang Yongjun , Meng Xia , Han Xinsheng
Published: February 2023

Background

Serum albumin to globulin ratio (A/G) has been widely used as a representative biomarker for assessing inflammation and nutrition status. However, in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), the predictive value of serum A/G has rarely been reported. We aimed to evaluate whether serum A/G is associated with prognosis in stroke.

Methods

We analyzed data from the Third China National Stroke Registry. The patients were categorized into quartile groups according to the serum A/G at admission. Clinical outcomes included poor functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score of 3–6 or 2–6) and all‐cause mortality at 3 months and1 year. Multivariable logistic regressions and Cox proportional hazards regressions were used to evaluate the association of serum A/G with the risk of poor functional outcomes and all‐cause mortality.

Results

A total of 11, 298 patients were included in this study. After adjustment for confounding factors, patients in the highest serum A/G quartile had a lower proportion of mRS score 2–6 (odds ratio [OR], 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76–1.00) and mRS score 3–6 (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.73–1.03) at 3 months follow‐up. At 1 year follow‐up, there was a significant association between higher serum A/G and mRS score 3–6 (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.57–0.81). We also found that the highest serum A/G was related to decreased risk of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.58; 95% CI, 0.36–0.94) at 3 months follow‐up. Similar results were found at 1‐year follow‐up.

Conclusions

Lower serum A/G levels were associated with poor functional outcomes and all‐cause mortality at 3 months and 1‐year follow‐up in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Ensuring no patient is lost along the way – a single‐centre experience of the clinical genetics referral pathways for Lynch syndrome
Authors: El‐Shakankery Karim Hussien , Balogh Petra , Grantham Marianne , Minicozzi Anna , Diamantis Nikolaos
Published: February 2023

Lynch syndrome (LS), caused by heterozygous germline mutation in one of the key mismatch repair (MMR) genes, is the primary cause of inherited colorectal cancer (CRC). LS also increases susceptibility to several other cancers. It is estimated that just 5% of patients with LS are aware of their diagnosis. Therefore, in an attempt to increase the identification of cases within the UK population, the 2017 NICE guidelines recommend offering immunohistochemistry for MMR proteins or microsatellite instability (MSI) testing to all people with CRC when first diagnosed. Following identification of MMR deficiency, eligible patients should be assessed for underlying causes, including potential referral to the genetics service and/or germline LS testing (if appropriate). In our regional centre for CRC, we audited local pathways to identify what proportion of patients are being correctly referred, in line with national guidelines. Reflecting on these results, we highlight our practical concerns by identifying the pitfalls and issues faced with the recommended referral pathway. We also propose possible solutions to improve the efficacy of the system for both referrers and patients. Finally, we discuss the ongoing interventions that national bodies and regional centres are implementing to improve and further streamline this process.
Diabetes is a significant and independent predictor for tacrolimus immediate release and LCP‐tacrolimus conversion ratios
Authors: Coffman Kelsey , Patel Neha , Bartlett Felicia , Newman Jessica , Patel Shikha , Sprague Taylor , Rao Nikhil , Andrade Erika , Casey Michael J. , Rohan Vinayak , DuBay Derek , Taber David
Published: February 2023

Diabetes (DM) is a common comorbidity in transplant patients with known effects on gastrointestinal (GI) motility and absorption; however, DM's impact on immediate release (IR) tacrolimus to LCP‐tacrolimus (LCP) conversion ratios has not been studied. This multivariable analysis of a retrospective longitudinal cohort study included kidney transplant recipients converted from IR to LCP between 2019 and 2020. The primary outcome was IR to LCP conversion ratio based on DM status. Other outcomes included tacrolimus variability, rejection, graft loss, and death. Of the 292 patients included, 172 patients had DM and 120 did not. The IR:LCP conversion ratio was significantly higher with DM (67.5% ± 21.1% no DM vs. 79.8% ± 28.7% in DM; P < .001). In multivariable modeling, DM was the only variable significantly and independently associated with IR:LCP conversion ratios. No difference was observed in rejection rates. Graft (97.5% no DM vs. 92.4% in DM; P = .062) and patient survival (100% no DM vs. 94.8% in DM; P = .011) were lower with DM. The presence of DM significantly increased the IR:LCP conversion ratio by 13%–14%, compared to patients without DM. On multivariable analysis, DM was the only significant predictor of conversion ratios, potentially related to GI motility or absorption differences.
Optical coherence tomography for presurgical delineation of basal cell carcinomas on the face—A comparison with histopathology
Authors: Holm K. B. E. , Nielsen L. J. , Lock‐Andersen J. , Behrendt N. , Svensson M. S. , Themstrup L. , Jemec G. B. E.
Published: February 2023

Background

To minimize the risk of incomplete excision of basal cell carcinomas (BCC) the macroscopic tumor margins should be adequately defined. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non‐invasive imaging tool that can provide structural and vascular information about skin cancer lesions. The study objective was to compare the presurgical delineation of facial BCC by clinical examination, histopathology, and OCT imaging in tumors undergoing full excision.

Methods

Ten patients with BCC lesions on the face were examined clinically, with OCT and histopathology at 3‐mm intervals, from the clinical lesion border and beyond the resection line. The OCT scans were evaluated blinded and a delineation estimate of each BCC lesion was made. The results were compared to the clinical and histopathologic results.

Results

OCT evaluations and histopathology were in agreement in 86.6% of the collected data points. In three cases the OCT scans estimated a reduction of the tumor size compared to the clinical tumor border set by the surgeon.

Conclusion

The results of this study support the notion that OCT can have a role in the clinical daily practice by aiding clinicians in delineating BCC lesions before surgery.
Preexisting mental health disorders and risk of opioid use disorder in young people: A case‐control study
Authors: Marshall Tyler , Olson Karin , Youngson Erik , Abba‐Aji Adam , Li Xin‐Min , Vohra Sunita , Lewanczuk Richard
Published: February 2023

Aim

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a leading cause of preventable mortality amongst young people worldwide. Early identification and intervention of modifiable risk factors may reduce future OUD risk. The aim of this study was to explore whether the onset of OUD is associated with preexisting mental health conditions such as anxiety and depressive disorders in young people.

Methods

A retrospective, population‐based case‐control study was conducted from 31 March 2018 until 01 January 2002. Provincial administrative health data were collected from Alberta, Canada. Cases: Individuals 18–25 years on 01 April 2018, with a previous record of OUD. Controls: Individuals without OUD were matched to cases, on age/sex/index date. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to control for additional covariates (e.g., alcohol‐related disorders, psychotropic medications, opioid analgesics, and social/material deprivation).

Results

We identified N = 1848 cases and N = 7392 matched controls. After adjustment, OUD was associated with the following preexisting mental health conditions: Anxiety disorders, aOR = 2.53 (95% CI = 2.16–2.96); depressive disorders, aOR = 2.20 (95% CI = 1.80–2.70); alcohol‐related disorders, aOR = 6.08 (95% CI, 4.86–7.61); anxiety and depressive disorders, aOR = 1.94 (95% CI = 1.56–2.40); anxiety and alcohol‐related disorders, aOR = 5.22 (95% CI = 4.03–6.77); depressive and alcohol‐related disorders, aOR = 6.47 (95% CI = 4.73–8.84); anxiety, depressive and alcohol‐related disorders, aOR = 6.09 (95% CI = 4.41–8.42).

Discussion

Preexisting mental health conditions such as anxiety and depressive disorders are risk factors for future OUD in young people. Preexisting alcohol‐related disorders showed the strongest association with future OUD and demonstrated an additive risk when concurrent with anxiety/depression. As not all plausible risk factors could be examined, more research is still needed.
Timing and magnitude of drought impacts on carbon uptake across a grassland biome
Authors: Felton Andrew J. , Goldsmith Gregory R.
Published: February 2023

Although drought is known to negatively impact grassland functioning, the timing and magnitude of these impacts within a growing season remain unresolved. Previous small‐scale assessments indicate grasslands may only respond to drought during narrow periods within a year; however, large‐scale assessments are now needed to uncover the general patterns and determinants of this timing. We combined remote sensing datasets of gross primary productivity and weather to assess the timing and magnitude of grassland responses to drought at 5 km2 temporal resolution across two expansive ecoregions of the western US Great Plains biome: the C4‐dominated shortgrass steppe and the C3‐dominated northern mixed prairies. Across over 700,000 pixel‐year combinations covering more than 600,000 km2, we studied how the driest years between 2003–2020 altered the daily and bi‐weekly dynamics of grassland carbon (C) uptake. Reductions to C uptake intensified into the early summer during drought and peaked in mid‐ and late June in both ecoregions. Stimulation of spring C uptake during drought was small and insufficient to compensate for losses during summer. Thus, total grassland C uptake was consistently reduced by drought across both ecoregions; however, reductions were twice as large across the more southern and warmer shortgrass steppe. Across the biome, increased summer vapor pressure deficit (VPD) was strongly linked to peak reductions in vegetation greenness during drought. Rising VPD will likely exacerbate reductions in C uptake during drought across the western US Great Plains, with these reductions greatest during the warmest months and in the warmest locations. High spatiotemporal resolution analyses of grassland response to drought over large areas provide both generalizable insights and new opportunities for basic and applied ecosystem science in these water‐limited ecoregions amid climate change.
Challenging claimed benefits of soil carbon sequestration for mitigating climate change and increasing crop yields: Heresy or sober realism?
Authors: Powlson David S. , Galdos Marcelo V.
Published: February 2023

This is a commentary on the paper in GCB by Moinet et al. (2023) entitled “Carbon for soils, not soils for carbon”. The paper challenges two claims often made for soil carbon sequestration: (1) Sequestration of C in agricultural soils can make a substantial contribution to climate change mitigation. (2) Increasing SOC will routinely lead to increased crop yields and contribute to global food security.
RECONCEIVING THE PRACTICE OF HISTORY: FROM REPRESENTATION TO TRANSLATION
Authors: Seth Sanjay
Published: February 2023

Arguing that history is not the application of a rigorous method to sources bequeathed to us from the past but rather a practice of coding that constructs “the past” in particular ways, this article seeks to delineate the key elements of this coding. Modern history treats past objects and texts as the objectified remains of humans who endowed their world with meaning and purpose while constrained by the social circumstances characterizing their times. This time of theirs is dead, and it can only be represented, not resurrected; the past is only ever the human past, and it does not include ghosts, gods, spirits, or nature. If, as argued here, “the past” does not exist independently of the means by which it is known and represented, then the many different modes of historicity that human beings developed and deployed before the modern form of history became dominant cannot be measured against “the” past in an effort to compare their accuracy or adequacy in representing it. The concluding section of this article asks what we are doing when we write the history of those who did not share the presumptions of the modern discipline but who had their own mode(s) of historicity. What, it asks, is the character and status of the knowledge produced when we write histories of premodern and non‐Western pasts?
2022 KLEIN LECTURE PARENTAL EDUCATION AND INVENTION: THE FINNISH ENIGMA
Authors: Aghion Philippe , Akcigit Ufuk , Hyytinen Ari , Toivanen Otto
Published: February 2023

Why is invention strongly positively correlated with parental income not only in the United States but also in Finland, which displays low income inequality and high social mobility? Using data on 1.45 M Finnish individuals and their parents, we find the following: (i) the positive association between parental income and off‐spring probability of inventing is greatly reduced when controlling for parental education; (ii) instrumenting for the parents having an MSc degree using distance to nearest university reveals a large causal effect of parental education on offspring probability of inventing; and (iii) the causal effect of parental education has been markedly weakened by the introduction in the early 1970s of a comprehensive schooling reform.
Self‐management experiences of haemodialysis patients with self‐regulatory fatigue: A phenomenological study
Authors: Tao Yuxiu , Liu Tongcun , Li Ping , Lv Aili , Zhuang Kaipeng , Ni Chunping
Published: February 2023

Aim

To understand the real experiences of self‐management in haemodialysis patients with self‐regulatory fatigue, and to explore the influencing factors and coping strategies for patients with decreased self‐management.

Design

A qualitative study was carried out using the phenomenological analysis method.

Methods

From 5 January to 25 February, 2022, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 18 haemodialysis patients in Lanzhou, China. Thematic analysis of the data was performed using the NVivo 12 software based on the 7 steps of Colaizzi's method. The study reporting followed the SRQR checklist.

Results

Five themes and 13 sub‐themes were identified. The main themes were difficulties in fluid restrictions and emotional management, hard to adhere to long‐term self‐management, uncertainty about self‐management, influencing factors are complex and diverse and coping strategies should be further improved.

Conclusion

This study revealed the difficulties, uncertainty, influencing facts and coping strategies of self‐management among haemodialysis patients with self‐regulatory fatigue. A targeted program should be developed and implemented according to the characteristics of patients to reduce the level of self‐regulatory fatigue and improve self‐management.

Impact

Self‐regulatory fatigue has a significant impact on the self‐management behaviour of haemodialysis patients. Understanding the real experiences of self‐management in haemodialysis patients with self‐regulatory fatigue enables medical staff to correctly identify the occurrence of self‐regulatory fatigue in time and help patients adopt positive coping strategies to keep effective self‐management behaviour.

Patient or Public contribution

Haemodialysis patients who met the inclusion criteria were recruited to participate in the study from a blood purification centre in Lanzhou, China.
Efficacy of adjunctive measures in peri‐implant mucositis. A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gennai Stefano , Bollain Juan , Ambrosio Nagore , Marruganti Crystal , Graziani Filippo , Figuero Elena
Published: February 2023

Aim

To answer the following PICO question: In systemically healthy humans with peri‐implant mucositis, what is the efficacy of patient‐performed or administered (by prescription) measures used adjunctively to submarginal instrumentation, as compared to submarginal instrumentation alone or combined with a negative control, in terms of reducing bleeding on probing (BOP), in randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) with at least 3 months of follow‐up?

Materials and Methods

Three databases were searched until April 2022. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and predictive intervals were calculated.

Results

Sixteen parallel RCTs corresponding to 14 studies with low/moderate risk of bias were included. Test groups showed greater reductions in BOP (%) than control groups (nstudies = 16; npatients = 650; WMD = 14.25%; 95% CI [9.06–19.45]; p < .001; I2 = 98.7%). The greatest WMD in BOP reductions (%) were obtained by antiseptics (ns = 5; np = 229; WMD = 22.72%; 95% CI [19.40–26.04]; p < 0.001; I2 = 94.8%), followed by probiotics (ns = 6; np = 260; WMD = 12.11%; 95% CI [3.20–21.03]; p = .008; I2 = 93.3%) and systemic antibiotics (ns = 3; np = 101; WMD = 5.97%; 95% CI [1.34–10.59]; p = .012; I2 = 58.1%). Disease resolution was scarcely reported (n = 6).

Conclusions

Significant clinical improvements can be obtained when professional submarginal instrumentation is combined with patient‐performed or administered (by prescription) adjunctive measures, although a complete disease resolution may not be achieved.
Subgingival microbiome in periodontal health, gingivitis and different stages of periodontitis
Authors: Iniesta Margarita , Chamorro Cristina , Ambrosio Nagore , Marín María José , Sanz Mariano , Herrera David
Published: February 2023

Aim

To characterize the subgingival microbiome in subjects with different periodontal health statuses.

Materials and Methods

In this cross‐sectional observational study, subgingival samples were harvested from Spanish subjects with different periodontal health statuses, based on the 2018 Classification of Periodontal and Peri‐Implant Diseases and Conditions. Samples were processed using high‐throughput sequencing technologies (Illumina MiSeq). Taxa differentially abundant were identified using Analysis of Compositions of Microbiomes with Bias Correction (ANCOM‐BC). α‐ and β‐diversity metrics were calculated using q2‐diversity in QIIME2. The analyses were adjusted for age, gender and smoking status.

Results

The identified subgingival microbiome showed statistically significant differences among subjects, categorized into periodontal health, gingivitis and stages I‐II and III‐IV periodontitis (p < .05). In patients with severe (stages III‐IV) periodontitis, the genera Filifactor and Fretibacterium were detected 24 times more frequently than in periodontally healthy subjects. Similarly, the genera Porphyromonas, Prevotella and Tannerella were detected four times more frequently (p < .05). The genera Granulicatella, Streptococcus, Paracoccus, Pseudomonas, Haemophilus, Actinobacteria, Bergeyella and Capnocytophaga were significantly associated with healthier periodontal status (p < .05).

Conclusions

Significant differences were detected in the subgingival microbiome among periodontal health, gingivitis and stages I‐II or III‐IV periodontitis, suggesting overlapping, yet distinguishable microbial profiles.
Endogenous Cycles in Collateralized Credit
Authors: ARBUZOV VYACHESLAV , AWAYA YU , FUKAI HIROKI , WATANABE MAKOTO
Published: February 2023

This paper presents a simple and tractable equilibrium model, where collateralized credit emerges under limited commitment. We show that even if there is no time variation in fundamentals, credit trade can fluctuate endogenously over time. In our theory, credit fragilities are associated with endogenous fluctuations in trade probabilities, collateral values, and lending volumes.
Delayed postrenal failure due to progression of asymptomatic hydronephrosis following hysterectomy
Authors: Haruishi Mana , Matsuoka Ayumu , Tate Shinichi , Arai Takayuki , Ichikawa Tomohiko , Usui Hirokazu
Published: February 2023

Asymptomatic hydronephrosis following hysterectomy is generally transient. Here, we present the case of a 52‐year‐old woman who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy for benign indications. Computed tomography (CT) to examine bleeding on the second postoperative day incidentally revealed bilateral grade II hydronephrosis. Asymptomatic hydronephrosis was not reevaluated, and gynecological outpatient follow‐up was terminated with a normal creatinine level on postoperative day 43. On postoperative day 107, the patient noticed weight gain of 10 kg, decreased urine output, and generalized edema. The serum creatinine level was elevated to 5.4 mg/dL, and CT revealed bilateral grade III hydronephrosis. Urgent bilateral ureteral stenting was performed to treat stenosis of the distal ureters that caused postrenal failure. Ureteroneocystostomy was performed for strict stenosis of the right ureter at 10 months postoperatively. Histological examination of the resected distal ureter showed inflammation and fibrosis. Asymptomatic hydronephrosis developing after hysterectomy progress to delayed postrenal failure.
Comparative evaluation of trabecular bone structures of bruxist and non‐bruxist individuals with bone apposition in the mandible angle region by fractal analysis
Authors: Kurt Mehmet Hakan , Yilmaz Serkan , Evli Cengiz , Karahan Sevilay
Published: February 2023

Objective

This study aimed to compare the trabecular internal structure of different regions of the mandible according to the grades of appositional classification in the mandible angle region in probable bruxist individuals and non‐bruxist G0(Convex course of the basal cortex, no directional change, no bone apposition) individuals by measuring fractal dimension (FD) on panoramic radiographs.

Methods

200 sample jaws, bilaterally, of 80 probable bruxists and 20 non‐bruxist G0 individuals were included in the study. According to the classification in the literature, each mandible angle apposition severity was classified as G0‐G1‐G2‐G3. FD was calculated by selecting the region of interest (ROI) area of 7 regions from each sample. Gender differences in changes between ROIs in radiographs and independent samples t‐test were evaluated. Relation between categorical variables was determined by chi‐square test (p < .05).

Results

In the comparison of the probable bruxist and non‐bruxist G0 groups, FD was found to be statistically significantly higher in the mandible angle (p = 0.013) and cortical bone (p = 0.000) regions in the probable bruxist group than in the non‐bruxist G0 group. There is a statistically significant difference between probable bruxist G0 and non‐bruxist G0 grades in terms of FD averages in cortical bone (p < 0.001). A statistically significant difference was found in the relationship of ROIs with gender in canine apex (p = 0.021) and canine distal (p = 0.041) regions.

Conclusion

FD was found to be higher in the mandibular angle region and cortical bone in probable bruxist individuals than in non‐bruxist G0 individuals. Morphological changes seen in the mandible angulus region may be a finding that may raise suspicion for bruxism for clinicians.
Inability of yellow‐bellied toad to accelerate metamorphosis in desiccation conditions
Authors: Kijanović A. , Vukov T. , Mirč M. , Krizmanić I. , Tomašević Kolarov N.
Published: February 2023

Many amphibian species inhabit temporary aquatic habitats for reproduction to maximize larval growth under favorable conditions, but accelerate developmental rate to rapidly undergo metamorphosis under stress conditions when high desiccation risk exists. Desiccation affects different aspects of amphibian biology such as developmental rate, body size and mass, and growth rate. We studied the responses of yellow‐bellied toad (Bombina variegata) to different water levels (constant high, decreasing water level, and constant low water level) in the laboratory using individuals collected from natural ponds. To assess the effects of experimental pond drying, we investigated the effects on life‐history and morphological traits at metamorphosis as well as carry‐over effects on post‐metamorphic traits and locomotor performances. We found that B. variegata cannot accelerate developmental rate in response to pond drying. The metamorphs from decreasing and constant low water levels had similar size, mass, growth rate and body condition indices at metamorphosis, and all these traits were lower than in the constant high water level treatment. These changes in life‐history traits at metamorphosis did not affect tail shape although they had carry‐over effects on life‐history and morphological traits after metamorphosis. Post‐metamorphic individuals reared in desiccation treatments had similar but smaller lengths of femur and tibiofibula, but these changes did not have negative consequences on jumping performances. We show that responsiveness to pond drying of B. variegata is probably associated with maximum growth rate in favorable conditions and inability to increase growth rate as well as developmental rate in desiccation conditions. This resulted in prolonged developmental time to reach the minimum size and mass for metamorphosis.
Iran and Regional Convergence in Eurasia
Authors: Sanaei Mehdi , Sangari Fatemeh Atri
Published: February 2023

Regional convergence in Eurasia has been evolving since the collapse of the Soviet Union. The Commonwealth of Independent States was Russia's initial attempt to forge a comprehensive regional integration. However, Russia gradually shifted its focus to economics, and this produced the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU). This organization has concluded numerous cooperation agreements, even with countries outside the borders of Eurasia, raising questions about regional convergence. In addition, with the expansion of China's influence in Central Asia, there has been a shift in the role and scope of the EEU. Iran has concluded a preferential trade agreement with the EEU, including non‐tariff measures and a list of commodities for which barriers have been reduced or cut to zero. The main question of this study is how Iran's presence in this organization will influence Eurasian convergence. We examine the opportunities for, and obstacles to, convergence through an analysis of the forces that can bind an institution like the EEU: cultural and ideological affinities; the hegemony of the most powerful actors; and the potential for solving common problems.
Effectiveness of cognitive behavioural‐based interventions for adults with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder extends beyond core symptoms: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Liu Chun‐I , Hua Mao‐Hsiu , Lu Mong‐Liang , Goh Kah Kheng
Published: February 2023

Objectives

To provide an updated systematic review of randomized controlled studies for the efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) in treating adults with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Design

Meta‐analysis.

Methods

PROSPERO registration: CRD42021273633. The methods used aligned with the PRISMA guidelines. Database searches identified CBT treatment outcome studies eligible for conducted meta‐analysis. Treatment response was summarized by calculating the standardized mean differences for changes in outcome measures for adults with ADHD. Measures included core and internalizing symptoms and were assessed on the basis of self‐reporting and investigator evaluation.

Results

Twenty‐eight studies met the inclusion criteria. This meta‐analysis indicates that CBT for adults with ADHD was effective in reducing both core and emotional symptoms. Decreases in depression and anxiety were predicted by the reduction of core ADHD symptoms. An increase in self‐esteem and quality of life were also observed for adults with ADHD who were received CBT. Adults who received either individual or group therapy significantly exhibited a greater reduction of symptoms than those who received active control intervention, received treatment as usual, or were on the treatment waitlist. Traditional CBT was equally effective in reducing core ADHD symptoms but outperformed other CBT approaches in reducing emotional symptoms among adults with ADHD.

Conclusions

This meta‐analysis offers cautiously optimistic support for the efficacy of CBT in treating adults with ADHD. The additional reduction of emotional symptoms demonstrates the potential of CBT in adults with ADHD who are at higher risk for depression and anxiety comorbidities.
Root exudates and rhizosphere microbiomes jointly determine temporal shifts in plant‐soil feedbacks
Authors: Steinauer Katja , Thakur Madhav P. , Emilia Hannula S. , Weinhold Alexander , Uthe Henriette , van Dam Nicole M. , Martijn Bezemer T.
Published: February 2023

Plants influence numerous soil biotic factors that can alter the performance of later growing plants—defined as plant‐soil feedback (PSF). Here, we investigate whether PSF effects are linked with the temporal changes in root exudate diversity and the rhizosphere microbiome of two common grassland species (Holcus lanatus and Jacobaea vulgaris). Both plant species were grown separately establishing conspecific and heterospecific soils. In the feedback phase, we determined plant biomass, measured root exudate composition, and characterised rhizosphere microbial communities weekly (eight time points). Over time, we found a strong negative conspecific PSF on J. vulgaris in its early growth phase which changed into a neutral PSF, whereas H. lanatus exhibited a more persistent negative PSF. Root exudate diversity increased considerably over time for both plant species. Rhizosphere microbial communities were distinct in conspecific and heterospecific soils and showed strong temporal patterns. Bacterial communities converged over time. Using path models, PSF effects could be linked to the temporal dynamics of root exudate diversity, whereby shifts in rhizosphere microbial diversity contributed to temporal variation in PSF to a lesser extent. Our results highlight the importance of root exudates and rhizosphere microbial communities in driving temporal changes in the strength of PSF effects.
Berkeley's Gland Tour into Speculative Fiction Part 2: Margaret Cavendish and Berkeley's Attitudes Towards Women
Authors: Moriarty Clare Marie , Walters Lisa
Published: February 2023

In Part 1, we explored how Berkeley drew from Homeric literature and used literary techniques such as satire to challenge his “freethinking” philosophical opponents in “The Pineal Gland” story published in The Guardian in 1713. Echoing the grand tours Berkeley undertook in subsequent years, Part 1 and 2 both present a “gland tour” of some motivations, influences and legacies of Berkeley's text. In particular, Part 2, explores a line of literary influence beginning with Margaret Cavendish and extending through Gabriel Daniel, Berkeley and Alexander Pope. In doing so, we present anticipations of features of Berkeley's story in the writings of Margaret Cavendish amid a discussion of Berkeley's complex attitudes towards women. The paper also argues that Berkeley's story represents an underappreciated yet significant milestone in the history of speculative fiction.
Aretino: Conjuring the Sensuous City
Authors: Eberhart Marlene
Published: February 2023

This article examines Pietro Aretino's promotion and critique of the sensorial aspects of the physical, the political and the sociable city through a selection of his letters and the three comedies La Cortigiana, Il Marescalco and La Talanta. It explores the shared physical and social experiences that Aretino counts on in order for his words to resonate with his readers, especially with regard to Venice and Rome, viewed at times through the lens of Venice. Aretino lives during a time of intense sensorial concerns, from the imitation of nature promoted in works of art to the regulation of the urban sensorium through the control of speech and print, sumptuary laws and public performance. Drawing upon his own early experience of painting, writing poetry and perhaps street performance, Aretino evokes those concerns and displays a particularly urban sensibility as he seizes the opportunities offered by printing and the expansion of vernacular texts to explore what it is to inhabit the early modern Italian city in all its jumbly, chaotic and colourful sensorial ‘noise’.
The Technique of Verbalizing: Anatoly Vasiliev and His Theater of Dissonant Dialogues
Authors: Weygandt E. Susanna
Published: February 2023

This article examines the aesthetics of an important contemporary Russian theater director, Anatoly Vasiliev, who founded the School of Dramatic Art (SDA) in Moscow. Besides his most well‐known stagings of Viktor Slavkin’s Cerceau and Luigi Pirandello’s Six Characters in Search of an Author at the Taganka Theater in the 1980s, Vasiliev’s adaptations of novels and epic poetry have remained in his repertoire for several years at a time. Anatoly Vasiliev’s style of adaptations of classic literature re‐activates the classic texts in exciting, vibrant new ways. My essay provides a detailed account of both the literary inspiration and theoretical approaches of Vasiliev’s aesthetic practice in the context of one case study, Vasiliev’s performance From Onegin’s Journey (1996 and ongoing). Thus, my article addresses problems of representation of the novel‐in‐verse on stage, and the relations between literary studies and Performance Studies. In addition to discussing the form of Pushkin’s novel in verse, my paper makes many references to important literary theory by Mikhail Bakhtin. There is a particular device that Vasiliev has coined as his method of adaptation, and its inspiration can be traced to the ideas of the Russian Formalist school and Mikhail Bakhtin. In discussing the influence of Bakhtin’s theory of the novel on Vasiliev’s method of theatrical adaptation, I also bring attention to understudied writings by Mikhail Bakhtin on the author’s perspective on the character’s role, audience reception in performance space, and theater in the 1920’s and 1930’s.
A rich palette of Bible use: A theoretical and empirical contribution from the context of Protestant Christian primary schools in the Netherlands
Authors: Sonnenberg P.M. (Ronelle) , de Kock A. (Jos) , Vogel E. (Elsbeth)
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study is to gain empirical knowledge about how the Bible functions in the context of Protestant Christian primary schools in the Netherlands. It presents the results of an empirical explorative and qualitative study on the perceptions of teachers and school administrators (directors and internal supervisors) on the goals of Bible use in Protestant primary education, as well as the roles of teachers and pupils, and how these can be understood in terms of religious pedagogical models and theories. Five small focus group interviews with teachers and six interviews with school administrators revealed a variety of goals teachers hold regarding Bible use in education and a variety of divisions of teacher–learner roles in this regard. The findings also show some particular characteristics when compared with secondary schools.
Cultural institutes: Networks and determinants
Authors: Yamarik Steven , Mileva Mariya
Published: February 2023

This paper documents the spread of national cultural institutes (CI's). We first build a data set of 32 cultural institutes that have foreign offices abroad. Using multiple primary sources, we compile data of the foreign locations of each CI from 1985 to the present. We next use network analysis to visualise and describe connections within the CI network. We then use a gravity model to estimate the formation of one or more CI's in a bilateral country pair. We find that factors such as population, real GDP per capita, distance, a former coloniser‐colony link, a common legal system, free trading agreement and a reciprocal relationship are significant factors in the formation of a CI foreign location.
Putative antimicrobial‐associated phototoxicity in three dogs
Authors: Lewis Diane T. , Craft William F. , Rossi Michael A. , Pieper Jason B.
Published: February 2023

This case series describes putative doxycycline phototoxicity in three dogs, with one also undergoing a possible sulfamethoxazole phototoxic reaction.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Applied Economics and Finance, Vol. 10, No. 1
Authors: Gibbs Nikki
Published: February 2023

Applied Economics and Finance (AEF) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AEF publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 10, Number 1 Ali Darub Al-Hiyali, University of Anbar, IraqDilshodjon Rakhmonov, Tashkent State University of Economics, UzbekistanFahri ÖZSUNGUR, Adana Science and Technology University, TurkeyFarhat Iqbal, University of Balochistan, PakistanGetamesay Bekele Meshesha, Ethiopian Civil Service University, EthiopiaIgor Matyushenko, School of Foreign Economic Relations and Touristic Business, UkraineIulia Lupu, Victor Slavescu” Centre for Financial and Monetary Research, Romanian Academy, RomaniaLiao Zhu, Cornell University, USALingkai Kong, Izmir University of Economics, TurkeyMurad Harasheh, University of Bologna-Italy, ItalyNikoloz Chikhladze, Akaki Tsereteli State University, GeorgiaOlena Sokolovska, St. Petersburg State University, RussiaOmer Allagabo Omer Mustafa, Sudan Academy for Banking and Financial Sciences., SudanPayal Chadha, University of Wales Prifysgol Cymru, KuwaitRajeev Rana, APB Govt. P.G. College, IndiaSaudin TERZIC, University Vitez, Bosnia and HerzegovinaShahram Fattahi, Razi University, Iran  Nikki GibbsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Applied Economics and FinanceRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://aef.redfame.com
The codegree threshold of K4−$K_4^{-}$
Authors: Falgas‐Ravry Victor , Pikhurko Oleg , Vaughan Emil , Volec Jan
Published: February 2023

The codegree threshold of a 3‐graph is the minimum such that every 3‐graph on vertices in which every pair of vertices is contained in at least edges contains a copy of as a subgraph. We study when , the 3‐graph on 4 vertices with 3 edges. Using flag algebra techniques, we prove that if is sufficiently large, then This settles in the affirmative a conjecture of Nagle [Congressus Numerantium, 1999, pp. 119–128]. In addition, we obtain a stability result: for every near‐extremal configuration , there is a quasirandom tournament on the same vertex set such that is ‐close in the edit distance to the 3‐graph whose edges are the cyclically oriented triangles from . For infinitely many values of , we are further able to determine exactly and to show that tournament‐based constructions are extremal for those values of .
Psychedelics promote neuroplasticity through the activation of intracellular 5-HT2A receptors
Authors: Vargas Maxemiliano V. , Dunlap Lee E. , Dong Chunyang , Carter Samuel J. , Tombari Robert J. , Jami Shekib A. , Cameron Lindsay P. , Patel Seona D. , Hennessey Joseph J. , Saeger Hannah N. , McCorvy John D. , Gray John A. , Tian Lin , Olson David E.
Published: February 2023

Decreased dendritic spine density in the cortex is a hallmark of several neuropsychiatric diseases, and the ability to promote cortical neuron growth has been hypothesized to underlie the rapid and sustained therapeutic effects of psychedelics. Activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) 2A receptors (5-HT2ARs) is essential for psychedelic-induced cortical plasticity, but it is currently unclear why some 5-HT2AR agonists promote neuroplasticity, whereas others do not. We used molecular and genetic tools to demonstrate that intracellular 5-HT2ARs mediate the plasticity-promoting properties of psychedelics; these results explain why serotonin does not engage similar plasticity mechanisms. This work emphasizes the role of location bias in 5-HT2AR signaling, identifies intracellular 5-HT2ARs as a therapeutic target, and raises the intriguing possibility that serotonin might not be the endogenous ligand for intracellular 5-HT2ARs in the cortex.
Continuous-flow electrosynthesis of ammonia by nitrogen reduction and hydrogen oxidation
Authors: Fu Xianbiao , Pedersen Jakob B. , Zhou Yuanyuan , Saccoccio Mattia , Li Shaofeng , Sažinas Rokas , Li Katja , Andersen Suzanne Z. , Xu Aoni , Deissler Niklas H. , Mygind Jon Bjarke Valbæk , Wei Chao , Kibsgaard Jakob , Vesborg Peter C. K. , Nørskov Jens K. , Chorkendorff Ib
Published: February 2023

Ammonia is a critical component in fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and fine chemicals and is an ideal, carbon-free fuel. Recently, lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction has proven to be a promising route for electrochemical ammonia synthesis at ambient conditions. In this work, we report a continuous-flow electrolyzer equipped with 25–square centimeter–effective area gas diffusion electrodes wherein nitrogen reduction is coupled with hydrogen oxidation. We show that the classical catalyst platinum is not stable for hydrogen oxidation in the organic electrolyte, but a platinum-gold alloy lowers the anode potential and avoids the decremental decomposition of the organic electrolyte. At optimal operating conditions, we achieve, at 1 bar, a faradaic efficiency for ammonia production of up to 61 ± 1% and an energy efficiency of 13 ± 1% at a current density of −6 milliamperes per square centimeter.
Precision immunotherapy
Authors: Obradovic Aleksandar
Published: February 2023

A mechanistic approach to overcoming treatment resistance reveals new targets
Searching for common ground
Authors: Tan Joshua
Published: February 2023

The conserved coronavirus fusion peptide is a target of broadly neutralizing antibodies