bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Otherness-based Reasons for the Protection of (Bio)Diversity
Authors: Wienhues Anna , Deplazes-Zemp Anna ,   Center for Environmental Philosophy, The University of North Texas
Published: July 2022

Different arguments in favor of the moral relevance of the concept of biodiversity (e.g., in terms of its intrinsic or instrumental value) face a range of serious difficulties, despite that biodiversity constitutes a central tenet of many environmentalist practices and beliefs. That discrepancy is considerable for the debate on potential moral reasons for protecting biodiversity. This paper adds a new angle by focusing on the potential of the concept of natural otherness—specifically individual and process otherness in nature—for providing additional moral reasons in favor of the protection of biodiversity as variety. Four arguments are presented. Two arguments draw on the individual natural otherness of nonhuman living beings and two additional arguments draw on the process otherness of active nature. The upshot is that each of these arguments—if successful—provides a moral reason in favor of the protection of biodiversity.
QAnon as Religious Terrorism
Authors: Juergensmeyer Mark ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2022

While the horrific scenes of the invasion and occupation of the US Capitol building played out on television, I happened to be doing a radio interview for my recent book on religious terrorism (Juergensmeyer 2020). The reporter asked if there were similarities between the Trump-incited rioters and the terrorists I have studied. I quickly responded “yes.” It is true that the reasons for religious-inspired insurrections around the world are specific to their contexts—supporters of al Qaeda are not the same as militant Buddhists in Myanmar. Yet there are some striking similarities among the cosmic battles imagined in the apocalyptic scenarios that propel movements of religious of religious violence. This includes ISIS, Christian militia groups, Jewish extremists, and Hindu and Sikh militants. They all bear some common characteristics, and QAnon shares many similarities with them. To begin with, QAnon bears some relationship to religion. To be sure, the conspiracy theory at the heart of QAnon belief is this-worldly. It includes the notion that there is a secret design among liberal politicians and media figures to take over the world for their evil purposes, among which is ritual leeching the blood of innocent children for empowerment.
Spinoza’nın Dil Kuramı: Eleştiriden Pratiğe
Authors: Nahum Alber Erol ,   Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi
Published: July 2022

Bu makalede Spinoza’nın dil eleştirisinin ve çözümlemesinin tartışılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bilindiği gibi, Spinoza, İbranice hakkında yarım kalmış bir dilbilgisi kitabı kaleme almış olsa da, bugün dil felsefesi diye adlandırılan alanda bir yapıt vermiş değildir. Bununla birlikte, dil konusunun, anlama yetisinin düzeltilmesinin önemli ayaklarından biri olması ölçüsünde, Spinoza açısından, felsefi uslamlama için bir propedötik işlevi gördüğü söylenebilir. Hatta Spinoza’ya göre, kendisinden önce gelen bazı filozofların doğanın ortak düzenini ve zorunlu nedenselliğini kavrayamamış olmasının nedeni, tam da fikirlerin ve şeylerin bağlantı ve düzenlerini izlemek yerine, doğayı açıklamak için dilsel kategorilere başvurmalarıdır. İşte bu yüzden, felsefenin ilk adımlarından biri dilin bedensel-imgelemsel doğasının aydınlatılması olmalıdır. Böylelikle dilin felsefi amaçlar doğrultusunda, yani upuygun fikirlerin iletilmesi için kullanmasına zemin hazırlanacaktır. Bu yazıda, Spinoza’nın geliştirdiği dil kuramının, dil olgusunun psikolojik-bilişsel açıdan çözümlemesi kadar, kendine-gönderimli kavramsal bir dilin geometrik düzende kurulmasını da içerdiği ileri sürülecektir.
"Borges’in" Özne Çürütmesi
Authors: Ünal Anıl ,   Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi
Published: July 2022

Bu çalışma, Jorge Luis Borges’in Öteki Soruşturmalar ismiyle 1952’ de yayınlanmış denemelerinden “Zamanın Yeni Çürütülmesi” nin yakın okumasını sunuyor. Orijinal makale birbirinden farklı anların özdeşliği düşüncesi üzerinden özneyi ve zamanı yadsıyor. Bu çalışma ise orijinal argümana tümüyle sadık bir biçimde odağa özneyi ve böylece de yazarı yerleştirerek meseleyi tekrar tartışmaya açıyor. Bu tartışmaya orijinal makalede de olduğu gibi Berkeley ve Hume’un fikirleri eşlik etmektedir. Bu fikirleri tekrar ele alma düşüncesinin ardındaki motivasyon Borges’in fikirlerini çürütmek ya da yeni fikirler ile desteklemekten çok, Borges’in tüm yazınına nüfuz eden – tam da öznenin yitirilmesi üzerinden yazma fiilinin faillerini yazma ediminde birleştiren – kuramsal yapının ortaya konulduğu bir yazma performansı olarak anlaşılabilir.
Essay on Different Modalities of Loss
Authors: Aslanboğa Erinç ,   Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi
Published: July 2022

This article, starting with the experience of the other's death, thinks about the questions and problems revealed by different modalities of loss. Mourning and Melancholia, the text written by Freud during the First World War and the critical rereading of this text by Derrida and Butler constitute the main axis of this article. Initially, the Freudian definition of mourning and melancholy, their distinctive features, their points of convergence and divergence, the relationship between so-called normal mourning and so-called pathological melancholy will be presented to show the ambiguity of their limits and their opposition. Secondly, one of the distinctive features of Freudian melancholy that is the transformation of the loss of the other into the loss of the self will be taken up and problematized in dialogue with Butler to bring out the place of the other as well as of its loss in the constitution of the self. This discussion makes it possible to expose how the loss of the other, which moves us from the question of detachment to that of attachment, reveals the non-identity of the self, altered by the other. The third part of this article, problematizing the finality of mourning, which is the substitution of the other, focuses on Derrida's thought that renew the approach to mourning and melancholy by introducing the concepts of “introjection” and “incorporation”. Derrida's ethic of mourning, which aims to avoid the assimilation of the other to the same, is based on a double bind between the possibility and the impossibility of mourning. The article concludes with a brief review of the relationship between identity and alterity revealed by different modalities of loss to respond differently to the question: How to return to life after the experience of the other's death?
Previable Induction of Labor for Life-Threatening Maternal Disease without Placental Pathology
Authors: Buskmiller Cara ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: July 2022

Pregnancy causes maternal pathology by combining maternal predispositions with healthy physiology. In maternal cardiovascular collapse, previable induction of labor is justifiable despite the definition of abortion in directive 45 of the Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services. Central to this conclusion, the placenta is a fetal organ, and pregnancy is a cardiovascular condition placing new demands on the maternal cardiovascular system. Previable delivery, a morally neutral separation, addresses the cause of pathology even if fetal death is anticipated. This is acceptable under double-effect reasoning. Directive 45 defines all previable deliveries as abortions, so this analysis proposes an alternative definition established by obstetrician/gynecologists.
The Sanctity of Human Life, Qualified Quality-of-Life Judgments, and Dying Well Enough
Authors: Smith Patrick T. ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: July 2022

This essay claims that one can consistently maintain a sanctity of human life principle that is explicitly grounded in theology, while making a kind of quality-of-life judgment regarding withholding or discontinuing life-sustaining treatments for those with advanced illnesses. For those who embrace them, resources that are specific to the Christian tradition delineate the parameters of responsibility for people dying with advanced illness and those who care for them. Those who embrace the sanctity of human life for the theological reasons provided in this essay are under no moral obligation to continue merely to sustain life at the end of life—that is, when, in view of our best available judgment, the human being (who remains inherently valuable nonetheless) will not ever be able to exemplify other human values that contribute to human flourishing, theologically understood.
Intention, Vocation, and Nutrition at the End of Life
Authors: Tollefsen Christopher ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: July 2022

In this essay, I discuss the role that vocation plays in assessing the proportion of burdens to benefits in end-of-life options. I then look at the case of patients in a persistent vegetative state. What vocational considerations are relevant for persons considering what care to accept should they ever be in a PVS or for those caring for patients in such a state? Ultimately, I argue that the vocational shape of a patient’s life ought not to be a consideration for a caregiver in favor of removing artificial nutrition and hydration.
Artificial Nutrition and Hydration and Care at the End of Life
Authors: Sulmasy Daniel P. ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: July 2022

New Natural Law Theory and the Catholic medico-moral tradition often lead to similar conclusions in hard cases regarding end-of-life care. Considering the provision of artificial nutrition and hydration to patients suffering from post-coma unresponsive wakefulness, however, brings to light subtle ways in which NNL differs from the centuries-old natural law tradition. In this essay, I formalize the methodology embedded within the casuistry of the medico-moral tradition and show how it differs from NNL with respect to the role played by double-effect reasoning and the perspective for analyzing cases regarding care for those who cannot speak for themselves. Importantly, the ordinary/extraordinary means distinction has never historically been understood as an application of double effect and logically cannot be so understood. Given the outsized role that double effect plays in NNL, the theory leads to conclusions that deviate from the Catholic medico-moral tradition and creates additional burdens and duties for the sick.
Formulation of an implantable device from mini tablets-in-PCL cylinders for sustained delivery of a hydrophobic drug
Authors: Picco Camila Julieta , McKenna Peter E. , Donnelly Ryan F , Larrañeta Eneko
Published: July 2022

Implantable drug delivery systems are presented as a potential alternative to current treatments of chronic conditions. The aim of this work was to formulate a subcutaneous implantable device made with prefabricated poly(caprolactone) (PCL) cylinders, loaded with olanzapine (OLZ) as a model drug and cyclodextrin in a mass ratio of 1:1. The final formulation was characterized using optical microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The proposed device was successfully fabricated and demonstrated ability to control drug release for 60 days. With continued development, these novel implants could be an alternative to currently available treatments for schizophrenia.
El Sistema Alimentario Global: estudio de la percepción social en Cataluña
Authors: Morey-Cortés F. , Jarauta-Bragulat E. , Clotet-Ballús R. , Colomer-Xena Y.
Published: July 2022

El modelo conceptual sobre el Sistema Alimentario Global (SAG) formulado por Clotet y otros (2013), se articula en torno a cuatro ejes: disponibilidad, economía, política y saber (conocimiento, comportamiento social y cultura). En este modelo cada uno de estos ejes tiene la misma significación o ponderación, y para el estudio cuantitativo de resultados se aplican conceptos y métodos del Análisis de Datos Composicionales (Jarauta-Bragulat y otros, 2018). El presente trabajo tiene por objeto estudiar y caracterizar la percepción social en Cataluña de la importancia relativa (ponderación) de cada uno de los cuatro ejes del referido modelo. El estudio se lleva a cabo mediante el análisis estadístico de los resultados de una encuesta cumplimentada por personas que componen una muestra aleatoria dentro del territorio de Cataluña. Con los resultados de esta encuesta se pretende analizar si la igual ponderación inicial de los ejes en el modelo de SAG es adecuada o, por el contrario, los pesos deben modificarse en esta comunidad autónoma y, de este modo, aplicar una ponderación más afinada y representativa de la realidad social de Cataluña. Se exponen y comentan diversos aspectos: el diseño del cuestionario, la recopilación de los datos, la aplicación de técnicas estadísticas de muestreo (estratificación por cuotas y ponderación de los estratos), técnicas de depuración de encuestas, así como técnicas de profiling para diferenciar grupos entre las variables del sistema alimentario y las características sociodemográficas que los determinan. A partir de los resultados se formulan las conclusiones del trabajo, entre las que cabe destacar: adecuación del marco teórico del SAG (Colomer y Jarauta-Bragulat, 2016) para articular el estudio, adecuación del análisis clúster como herramienta y obtención de cuatro grupos diferenciados, obtención de una ponderación relativa en los ejes del modelo de sistema alimentario, valoración de la disponibilidad y la economía por encima de los otros dos ejes y, por último, necesidad de una mayor formación alimentaria de la ciudadanía para beneficio colectivo y de cada uno de sus miembros.
Apuntes sobre la revista Dabiq: el destinatario en el discurso del Estado Islámico
Authors: Martín Miguel
Published: July 2022

En este artículo se analiza el discurso de la organización terrorista ISIS utilizando la metodología semiótica. Concretamente, se explora quiénes son los destinatarios potenciales de su propaganda y por qué ha resultado tan eficaz entre sectores de la población occidental. Asimismo, se analiza el sistema de significación sobre el que se ha configurado el universo de sentido del Estado Islámico. Todo ello tomando como referencia Dabiq, la primera revista que editó ISIS tras la autoproclamación de su propio califato y donde se explican los fines y fundamentos de su proyecto.
Dual-wavelength self-mode-locked semiconductor disk laser
Authors: Shen Xiao-Hong , Zeng Ying-Ying , Mao Lin , Zhu Ren-Jiang , Wang Tao , Luo Hai-Jun , Tong Cun-Zhu , Wang Li-Jie , Song Yan-Rong , Zhang Peng ,   College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China,   Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China,   College of Applied Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China,   National Center for Applied Mathematics, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
Published: July 2022

Dual-wavelength mode-locked lasers can be widely used in optical communication, pump-probe experiment, nonlinear frequency conversion, etc. In this paper, a dual-wavelength self-mode-locked semiconductor disk laser is reported for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. A simple linear resonator is formed by using a high reflectivity distributed Bragg reflector at the bottom of the gain chip, and an external output mirror; the cavity length is about 135 mm, with no need of additional inserted elements. Based on the Kerr effect of the gain medium and the soft aperture formed by the pump spot on the gain chip, along with the fine adjustment of cavity length and pump intensity, the mode-locking process can be started from the free running and the stable self-mode-locking can be realized. The mode-locked pulse width is 4.3 ps, the repetition rate is 1.1 GHz, and the maximum output power is 323.9 mW, which corresponds to a peak power of 68 W. After the laser is mode locked, a readily available blade, which can introduce a wavelength-dependent loss for different laser modes, resulting in a lager cavity loss for a longer-wavelength mode and a smaller cavity loss for a shorter-wavelength mode, is used as a wavelength tuning element, and is inserted into the cavity in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the resonator. By changing the depth of the blade inserted into the cavity, the laser wavelength can be continuously tuned from the initial oscillating wavelength (longer-wavelength) to a shorter wavelength, a stable dual-wavelength output with equal intensity can be obtained at a specific position, and the stable continuous-wave mode-locking can be maintained simultaneously. The steady dual-wavelengths in the experiment are 951 and 961 nm, and the corresponding output power is 32 mW. The above dual-wavelength outputs have good coherence since they are stimulated radiations from the same gain chip. Meanwhile, they have relatively high peak power and strictly meet the coaxial conditions, and these are all advantages for the difference frequency generation (DFG). The frequency of the DFG in the experiment is approximately 3.3 THz, which can be widely used in laser radar, remote sensing, homeland security, counter-terrorism, atmospheric and environmental monitoring and otherareas.
Behavior characteristics of Janus particles impacting bubbles
Authors: Zhao Chang , Ji Xian-Bing , Yang Yu-Hao , Meng Yu-Hang , Xu Jin-Liang , Peng Jia-Lue ,   Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China,   Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System, Ministry of Education, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
Published: July 2022

In order to better apply amphiphilic Janus particles to phase change heat transfer, the hydrophilic-superhydrophobic Janus particles are prepared with copper balls. The particle size is 1.0 mm and the bubble diameter is 3.0 mm. The behavior of Janus particle with small bubbles impinging on bubbles at different heights is studied. The falling heights are 0, 10.0, 20.0, 30.0 and 40.0 mm. The results show that there are obvious differences in behavior characteristic among Janus particles with different wettability surfaces when they hit the bubble. When the superhydrophobic side contacts the bubble, it will slide to the bottom of the bubble without rotation along the bubble surface; when the hydrophilic side contacts the bubble, it will first slide along the bubble surface for a certain distance, and then rotate, resulting in strong disturbance to the bubble. When the interface between hydrophilic and superhydrophobic contacts the bubble, the particle will start to rotate at the moment of contact. When Janus particle impacts the bubble at a certain height, the hydrophilic surface generally contacts bubble first. With the increase of height, the degree of deformation of Janus particles pulling bubbles increases. The force analysis shows that the main reason for the rotation of Janus particles is that the action points and directions of capillary force acting on different wettable surfaces are different, resulting in corresponding rotation torque.
Tracking receptor motions at the plasma membrane reveals distinct effects of ligands on CCR5 dynamics depending on its dimerization status
Authors: Momboisse Fanny , Nardi Giacomo , Colin Philippe , Hery Melanie , Cordeiro Nelia , Blachier Simon , Schwartz Olivier , Arenzana-Seisdedos Fernando , Sauvonnet Nathalie , Olivo-Marin Jean-Christophe , Lagane Bernard , Lagache Thibault , Brelot Anne
Published: July 2022

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are present at the cell surface in different conformational and oligomeric states. However, how these states impact GPCRs biological function and therapeutic targeting remains incompletely known. Here, we investigated this issue in living cells for the CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), a major receptor in inflammation and the principal entry co-receptor for Human Immunodeficiency Viruses type 1 (HIV-1). We used TIRF microscopy and a statistical method to track and classify the motion of different receptor subpopulations. We showed a diversity of ligand-free forms of CCR5 at the cell surface constituted of various oligomeric states and exhibiting transient Brownian and restricted motions. These forms were stabilized differently by distinct ligands. In particular, agonist stimulation restricted the mobility of CCR5 and led to its clustering, a feature depending on β-arrestin, while inverse agonist stimulation exhibited the opposite effect. These results suggest a link between receptor activation and immobilization. Applied to HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins gp120, our quantitative analysis revealed agonist-like properties of gp120s. Distinct gp120s influenced CCR5 dynamics differently, suggesting that they stabilize different CCR5 conformations. Then, using a dimerization-compromized mutant, we showed that dimerization (i) impacts CCR5 precoupling to G proteins, (ii) is a pre-requisite for the immobilization and clustering of receptors upon activation, and (iii) regulates receptor endocytosis, thereby impacting the fate of activated receptors. This study demonstrates that tracking the dynamic behavior of a GPCR is an efficient way to link GPCR conformations to their functions, therefore improving the development of drugs targeting specific receptor conformations.
Self-supervised learning methods and applications in medical imaging analysis: a survey
Authors: Shurrab Saeed , Duwairi Rehab
Published: July 2022

The scarcity of high-quality annotated medical imaging datasets is a major problem that collides with machine learning applications in the field of medical imaging analysis and impedes its advancement. Self-supervised learning is a recent training paradigm that enables learning robust representations without the need for human annotation which can be considered an effective solution for the scarcity of annotated medical data. This article reviews the state-of-the-art research directions in self-supervised learning approaches for image data with a concentration on their applications in the field of medical imaging analysis. The article covers a set of the most recent self-supervised learning methods from the computer vision field as they are applicable to the medical imaging analysis and categorize them as predictive, generative, and contrastive approaches. Moreover, the article covers 40 of the most recent research papers in the field of self-supervised learning in medical imaging analysis aiming at shedding the light on the recent innovation in the field. Finally, the article concludes with possible future research directions in the field.
Diversity and distribution of air-breathing sea slug genus Peronia Fleming, 1822 (Gastropoda: Onchidiidae) in southern Japanese waters
Authors: Mizukami Iori , Fourreau Chloé Julie Loïs , Matsuo Sakine , Reimer James Davis
Published: July 2022

Species of the genus Peronia Fleming, 1822, are air-breathing onchidiid sea slugs that inhabit intertidal reef flats of temperate to tropical zones. In the Ryukyu Islands of southern subtropical Japan, Peronia species are a traditional food source for local people. To date, there have been three species recorded around Okinawajima Island; P. verruculata and P. peronii, along with recently described P. okinawensis, which was described as possibly endemic to Okinawajima Island. This study aimed to map the distribution ranges of these three Peronia species within the Ryukyu Islands using molecular analyses in order to understand the specific distribution of each species. Since Peronia species are generally indistinguishable by gross external morphology, a DNA barcoding approach was employed to identify specimens. The molecular data showed that there are four species present in the Ryukyu Islands. P. verruculata (unit #1 sensu Dayrat et al., 2020) was dominant at almost all locations, while P. peronii was present in much lower numbers than P. verruculata, but found across a relatively wide range in the Ryukyu Islands. We newly record P. okinawensis and P. setoensis from Amami Oshima Island and from several places around Okinawajima Island, and also identified high levels of genetic variation within P. setoensis. Peronia okinawensis and P. setoensis have been thought to be endemic to Okinawajima Island and to Honshu, mainland Japan, respectively. However, as both species were observed around Okinawajima and Amami Oshima islands, other islands of the Ryukyus are also likely to harbor these species, and their distribution ranges are wider than previously thought. Based on the results from molecular analyses, we provide general descriptions of each species. Sizes of specimens were consistently smaller for P. setoensis and relatively larger for P. peronii specimens. On the other hand, P. verruculata and P. okinawensis had similar size ranges, but P. okinawensis had comparatively much more distinct papillae. This study revealed that the Ryukyu Islands are the only region currently known with four sympatric Peronia species, and this work provides a basis for future research on these Peronia species throughout the northwest Pacific Ocean, representing the first step in more effective management of the local Peronia fisheries in the Ryukyu Islands.
Rubén Darío, Valparaíso y una historia local de los sentidos
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Herrera Hugo
Published: July 2022

En el marco de una investigación que intenta construir una historia local sobre las transformaciones y alteraciones más significativas que experimentaron los sentidos dentro de una formación histórica particular, Valparaíso entre las décadas de 1820 y 1920, el objetivo de este artículo es examinar aquellas “inervaciones” o “alteraciones sensoriales” en ocho crónicas escritas por Rubén Darío durante su estancia en la ciudad (1886-1889). Tal proyecto de investigación propone como hipótesis que se puede construir una historia local de los sentidos en Valparaíso en el periodo señalado, al establecer los “regímenes sinestésicos” que intervienen en las disputas por lo sensible en la formación histórica definida como objeto. Tal tarea es llevada a cabo mediante una operación de lectura que identifica, dentro de una heterogeneidad discursiva, las “alteraciones sensoriales” interpelantes de las condiciones que posibilitaron, históricamente, la aparición de procesos de normalización, cuantificación y disciplinamiento, de efectos de poder que operaron sobre la construcción social e institucional de la subjetividad durante la época, así como también de las tensiones y resistencias a tal poder. El presente artículo examina estos shocks en las colaboraciones que Rubén Darío publicó en el periódico porteño El Heraldo entre febrero y junio de 1888.
El debate sobre el americanismo en Rubén Darío a través de prólogos de José E. Rodó y Justo Sierra
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Delgado Leonel
Published: July 2022

Tomando como ejemplo las Peregrinaciones (1901), este artículo argumenta que Rubén Darío ordenó sus libros de crónicas de manera estratégica, buscando motivar una recepción específica dentro del campo cultural. El análisis se detiene en el debate en torno al americanismo que establece Justo Sierra en el prólogo de Peregrinaciones, aludiendo directamente a otro famoso prólogo, el de José Enrique Rodó a Prosas profanas, en el que este había negado la americanidad del poeta nicaragüense. Tanto el ordenamiento de las crónicas, con su separación parisina e italiana, como el entrecruce de los prólogos aludidos, apunta a una definición autorial de Darío en que sobresalen, además del americanismo, asuntos como la naturaleza discursiva de sus crónicas y la ambivalencia de su concepto de “prosa”.
In memoriam profesor Juan Gabriel Araya (1937-2022)
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Carreño Rubí
Published: July 2022

El equipo editorial de Taller de Letras quisiera expresar su gratitud por la vida de nuestro querido amigo, maestro y colega, Juan Gabriel Araya, ensayista, poeta, escritor y académico de la Universidad del Bío Bío. En esta ocasión publicamos quizás su último ensayo dedicado a su gran amigo, profesor Pedro Lastra, y un texto de quien compartiera con él como estudiante cercano y querido en Chillán, nuestro colega y miembro del Comité Científico, profesor Dámaso Rabanal. Ni las palabras ni el amor caen en la arena, que florezca y fructifique la gran parra chillaneja.
La amistad como poética: escritura y fraternidad
Authors:   Universidad Austral de Chile, Rabanal Damaso
Published: July 2022

Juan Gabriel Araya releva en Pedro Lastra aquello que los une, una propuesta ética donde la amistad opera como posibilidad de sobrevivencia y la escritura no permite que nos habite el olvido.
Estado, desarrollo y cultura impresa en la Enciclopedia Chilena y Quimantú (1948-1973): entre el lector legislador y el lector popular
Authors:   Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Andwandter Christian
Published: July 2022

La Enciclopedia Chilena y Quimantú fueron dos proyectos que articularon Estado y cultura impresa en Chile entre 1948 y 1973. La consideración de las relaciones entre ambos proyectos, y el olvido en torno a la enciclopedia, invita a repensar el rol del Estado como agente cultural en el ámbito de lo impreso. Mientras la Enciclopedia Chilena concibe a un lector legislador que podrá tomar mejores decisiones para aprovechar los recursos del país, Quimantú busca formar al lector popular para una sociedad y modelo de producción socialista. Ambos proyectos, veremos, proponen narrativas de desarrollo que ensayan una posible contribución de lo impreso a la configuración de lo nacional.
No mirar: tres razones para defender las narcoseries (2020) de Ainhoa Vásquez
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Libuy Paula
Published: July 2022

El libro de Ainhoa Vásquez No mirar. Tres razones para defender las narcoseries (2020) es una defensa y una invitación a disfrutar de este tipo de narrativas, sin culpas ni dobles intenciones de por medio, al ubicar estas producciones como parte de un continuum cultural latinoamericano que urge pensar. Es así como la experta en narcocultura gatilla una serie de reflexiones que, probablemente, amplíen las fronteras de este trabajo reseñal. Y es que todo lo que vaya mezclando los límites de los formatos puede dar mejores resoluciones ante objetos de estudio que también se perfilan como híbridos.
Production and Nutritional Charactistics of Gowe Flour, a Traditional Fermented Food Produced from Corn in Benin
Authors: Celestin Tchekessi C. K. , Anayce Djogbe A. , Karl Assogba T. , Jultesse Banon S. B. , Roseline Bleoussi M. T. , Pivot Sachi S. A. , Ornella Choucounou I. , Innocent Bokossa Yaou
Published: July 2022

The objective of this study is to develop an adequate preservation process for gowé, a fermented paste of germinated maize grains. To do this, drying experiments and physicochemical and nutritional analyzes were carried out. The results of the physicochemical analyzes showed that the pH, the dry matter and the proteins decrease during the fermentation. After 12 hours of fermentation, the dough obtained showed on average a pH of 3.9, an acidity of 13.31%, a moisture content of 67.15% and a protein content of 9.18%. Moreover, the evaluation of the nutritional characteristics revealed that gowé was richer in magnesium than in calcium and iron. In addition, the introduction of the drying system in the gowé production technology made it possible to obtain a product in the form of a biscuit with a pleasant aroma, which was ground by a disc mill to obtain the gowé flour. Analyzes showed that this flour had a pH of 3.95 with a moisture content of 9.7%. It contained proteins, calcium, iron and was richer in magnesium with a content of 73.72mg/100g. Statistical analysis of the data obtained indicated that apart from the dry matter, there was no significant difference (P≤0.05) found between the fermented dough and the gowé flour. This drying technology therefore makes it possible to maximize the nutrients and can therefore be recommended to producers.
Effect of Early Post-Emergence Herbicides on Photosynthetic Pigments and Yield in Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Anisha N. , Fanish S. Anitta , Arthanari P. Murali , Vanitha K.
Published: July 2022

Aims: To study the influence of early post-emergence herbicides on photosynthetic pigments and yield in greengram.

Study Design: Randomized Block Design.

Place and Duration of Study: Field experiment was conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India during summer 2022.

Methodology: The experiment was laid out with three replications having nine treatments comprising of weedy check, different ready mix early post-emergence herbicides, two hand weedings and weed free. The chlorophyll content mg g-1 in the leaf sample was recorded at 30, 45 and 60 DAS. Grain yield and haulm yield was also calculated and expressed in kg ha-1.

Results: Pre-emergence (PE) application of Pendimethalin 30% EC @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 on 3 DAS followed by (fb) Early post-emergence (EPoE) Imazethapyr 10% SL @ 100 g a.i ha-1 + Quizalofop-ethyl 5% EC @ 50 g a.i ha-1 (Tank mix) on 15 DAS significantly recorded highest value in all photosynthetic pigments viz., Chlorophyll a (1.105 mg g-1), Chlorophyll b (0.402 mg g-1), Total chlorophyll (1.601 mg g-1), Chlorophyll ab ratio and Carotenoids (0.413 mg g-1), whereas higher grain yield (908 kg ha-1) is achieved by the Pre-emergence (PE) application of PE Pendimethalin (30% EC) @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 on 3 DAS followed by (fb) Early post-emergence (EPoE) Propaquizafop 2.5% + Imazethapyr 3.75% ME Ready mix (RM) @ 125 g a.i ha-1 on 15 DAS.

Conclusion: Among the early post-emergence herbicides, Imazethapyr 10% SL @ 100 g a.i ha-1+ Quizalofop-ethyl 5% EC @ 50 g a.i ha-1 (Tank mix) on 15 DAS shown significant results in all the photosynthetic pigments and Propaquizafop 2.5% + Imazethapyr 3.75% ME Ready mix (RM) @ 125 g a.i ha-1 on 15 DAS shown significant results in the yield by suppressing the weeds.
Study on Nutrient Removal (NPK) from Different Parts of Chowghat Orange Dwarf (COD) and West Coast Tall (WCT) Cultivars of Coconut
Authors: Yuvasri D. , Venkatesan K. , Anand M. , Selvi D. , Pugalendhi L.
Published: July 2022

Aims: This research was carried out to study the nutrients removal by different parts of coconut. This palm takes up a lot of nutrients from the ground for growth and development. Removal of nutrients varies from different components of palm. Hence this was carried to study the nutrient removal by different parts of coconut to improve growth. 

Study Design: The study was carried out in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with 2 factors (A and B) and 4 replications.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at Coconut Orchard Department of Plantation and Spices Horticultural College & Research Institute Tamil Nādu Agricultural University Coimbatore during 2021-2022.

Methodology: Here the major nutrient (NPK) removal of two varieties Chowghat Orange Dwarf (COD) and West Coast Tall (WCT) were estimated. The nutrient removal was estimated by collecting plant sample before fertilizer application(initial) and 3rd and 6th months after fertilizer application. These samples were dried powdered and analysed with respective procedures and instruments.

Results: The result revealed that the removal of nutrients from parts of coconut is increased from initial (without fertilizer application) to 3rd and 6th months after fertilizer application in both Chowghat Orange Dwarf (COD) and West Coast Tall (WCT). There is more removal of potassium compared to nitrogen and phosphorus. The percentage of nutrients removed was 13.52,18.69,21.22 during initial, 3rd month and 6th month in COD as such 16.22,19.8,22.44 in WCT respectively. Comparing with Chowghat Orange Dwarf (COD) and West Coast Tall (WCT) removes more nutrients.

Conclusion: The present study revealed that there was enormous removal of potassium from both varieties Chowghat Orange Dwarf (COD) and West Coast Tall (WCT). So, there is a need to increase in the potassium fertilizer application from normal recommended dose or potassium enriched nutrient application is recommended.
Studies on the Performance of Custard Apple (Annona squamosal L.) Cultivars and Varieties Under Rainfed Vertisol Condition of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Rajadurai K. R. , Rajkumar J. , Rajababu C.
Published: July 2022

A study was conducted in block vertisol region of Southern part of Tamil Nadu with the view to find out suitable custard apple cultivars for the region. Twelve years old five cultivars viz., Mammoth, Raydurg, Arka Sahan, Balanagar, and APK (Ca)1 were undertaken for this study, which were planted at the spacing of 6 m x 6 m following randomized block design having three replications with ten trees in each replication. Results of three consecutive years of study clearly indicated that, the variety Arka Sahan showed increased tree height (6.28 m), number of primary branches (4.10), number of secondary branches (9.0), plant spread E-W (4.94 m) and plant spread N-S (4.77 m). The variety Mammoth recorded enhanced stem girth (85.67cm). Among the five custard apple varieties evaluated, Arka Sahan recorded the enhanced individual fruit weight(214.12g), less number of seeds / fruit (8.88), pulp weight (60.76g) and TSS (30.32 oBrix). The variety Raydurg showed less rind weight of 41.89 g / fruit. The variety Balanagar recorded the increased number of fruits/tree (250.36), yield / tree (22.79kg) and yield (6.15 tonnes/ha) followed by APK 1 showed number of fruits / tree (204.45), yield /tree (21.20 kg) and yield (5.72 tonnes/ha). TSS ranged from 21.67 to 30.32 oBrix. Considering overall performance, the cultivars Balanagar and APK (Ca) 1 are recommended for commercial cultivation in black vertisol region of Southern part of Tamil Nadu or in similar agro-climatic condition. The cultivar Arka Sahan showed enhanced growth and vegetative characters but special care (Artificial hand pollination) should be taken for fruit setting and retention.
Efficacy Theory and Proposed Protocol for Presbyopia Correction using Scleral Softening by Non-invasive Infrared Diode Lasers
Authors: Lin Jui-Teng
Published: July 2022

Purpose: To derive and provide analytic formulas and proposed protocol for accommodative gain of presbyopia eyes via laser scleral softening, which causes increased space between ciliary body and lens (SCL) and mobility of the posterior vitreal zonules (PVZ).

Study Design: To increase the accommodation of presbyopia by laser scleral heating/softening.

Place and Duration of Study: New Taipei City, Taiwan, between April 2022 and June 2022.

Purpose: To analyze the safety and efficacy of presbyopia treatment via scleral softening.

Methodology: The scleral softening efficacy is calculated based on the rate equation of scleral tissue with a rate coefficient given by an Arrhenius formula, Temperature spatial and temporal profiles are given by the numerical solutions of a heat diffusion equation with a volume heating source. Various effective depths including tissue damage depth, temperature penetration depth and conversion depth, governed by tissue absorption coefficient, light intensity and dose (or irradiation time), and the related threshold values, are introduced in replacing the conventional penetration depth based on a Beer's law.

Results: Given the the temperature spatial and temporal profiles, scleral softening efficacy can be calculated. Scleral surface damage can be prevented by cooling window. The suggested protocol for scleral softening treatments include: a diode laser at about 1.45 to 1.5 µm or about 1.86 to1.9 µm, or about 2.0 to 2.15 µm, wavelength (with absorption coefficient about 20 to 100 cm-1); laser power about 0.2 to 0.8 W per spot, having a total of 4 to 16 spots; and irradiation time of 100 to 600 ms. Results of corneal thermal shrinkage are demonstrated by the topography changes of pig eyes, in which the scleral softening does not affect the corneal shapes. The accommodative gain is proportional to the softening efficacy (Seff) of the scleral tissue after a thermal laser leading to the increase of PVZ mobility and SCL. However, the actual relation of Seff and the PVZ and SCL changes require measured data.

Conclusion: Safety and efficacy of scleral softening for presbyopia treatment depend upon the laser parameters (intensity, dose, spot size, wavelength) and the effective depths. By choosing the laser treated areas, a dual function treatment using scleral softening for presbyopia, and cornea stromal shrinkage for hyperopia is proposed and demonstrated by topography of pig eyes.
A Systematic Study of Size Correlation and Young's Modulus Sensitivity for Cellular Mechanical Phenotyping by Microfluidic Approaches
Authors: Liang Minhui , Zhong Jianwei , Ai Ye
Published: July 2022

Cellular mechanical properties are a class of intrinsic biophysical markers for cell state and health. Microfluidic mechanical phenotyping methods have emerged as promising tools to overcome the challenges of low throughput and high demand for manual skills in conventional approaches. In this work, two types of microfluidic cellular mechanical phenotyping methods, contactless hydro‐stretching deformability cytometry (lh‐DC) and contact constriction deformability cytometry (cc‐DC) are comprehensively studied and compared. Polymerized hydrogel beads with defined sizes are used to characterize a strong negative correlation between size and deformability in cc‐DC (r = −0.95), while lh‐DC presents a weak positive correlation (r = 0.13). Young's modulus sensitivity in cc‐DC is size‐dependent while it is a constant in lh‐DC. Moreover, the deformability assessment for human breast cell line mixture suggests the lh‐DC exhibits better differentiation capability of cells with different size distributions, while cc‐DC provides higher sensitivity to identify cellular mechanical changes within a single cell line. This work is the first to present a quantitative study and comparison of size correlation and Young's modulus sensitivity of contactless and contact microfluidic mechanical phenotyping methods, which provides guidance to choose the most suitable cellular mechanical phenotyping platform for specific cell analysis applications.
Discovery of Graphene‐Water Membrane Structure: Toward High‐Quality Graphene Process
Authors: Okmi Aisha , Xiao Xuemei , Zhang Yue , He Rui , Olunloyo Olugbenga , Harris Sumner B. , Jabegu Tara , Li Ningxin , Maraba Diren , Sherif Yasmeen , Dyck Ondrej , Vlassiouk Ivan , Xiao Kai , Dong Pei , Xu Baoxing , Lei Sidong
Published: July 2022

It is widely accepted that solid‐state membranes are indispensable media for the graphene process, particularly transfer procedures. But these membranes inevitably bring contaminations and residues to the transferred graphene and consequently compromise the material quality. This study reports a newly observed free‐standing graphene‐water membrane structure, which replaces the conventional solid‐state supporting media with liquid film to sustain the graphene integrity and continuity. Experimental observation, theoretical model, and molecular dynamics simulations consistently indicate that the high surface tension of pure water and its large contact angle with graphene are essential factors for forming such a membrane structure. More interestingly, water surface tension ensures the flatness of graphene layers and renders high transfer quality on many types of target substrates. This report enriches the understanding of the interactions on reduced dimensional material while rendering an alternative approach for scalable layered material processing with ensured quality for advanced manufacturing.
Intrafamilial variability in six family members with ERF‐related craniosynostosis syndrome type 4
Authors: Moddemann Marina K. , Kieslich Matthias , Koenig Rainer
Published: July 2022

ERF‐related craniosynostosis syndrome type 4 (CRS4, OMIM #600775) is a rare autosomal dominant malformation syndrome, caused by pathogenic variants in the ERF gene and characterized by craniosynostosis, developmental delay, and dysmorphic features such as hypertelorism, exophthalmos, depressed nasal bridge, and retrognathia. So far, there are mostly individual reports and only a few descriptions of families with more than two affected patients, allowing statements about the penetrance of a certain variant and its variability only to a limited extent. In this study, we report an in‐depth analysis of the clinical course of six family members from three generations with the novel heterozygous nonsense variant c.286A>T (p.Lys96*) in the ERF gene. At the time of examination, all of the six patients showed mild dysmorphic features and brachydactyly, five were overweight/obese and had delayed speech development, and four were short in stature. Hyperactivity, a short concentration span and a history of learning difficulties were found in half of the affected family members. To this day, none of the patients developed increased intracranial hypertension that would require surgical intervention. This work provides further information on the expressive variability of an ERF variant in six members of one family and focuses on the need for close neuropediatric surveillance.
Covalent‐Bonding Oxidation Group and Titanium Cluster to Synthesize a Porous Crystalline Catalyst for Selective Photo‐Oxidation Biomass Valorization
Authors: Chang Jia‐Nan , Li Qi , Yan Y. , Shi Jing‐Wen , Zhou Jie , Lu Meng , Zhang Mi , Ding Hui‐Min , Chen Yifa , Li Shun‐Li , Lan Ya‐Qian
Published: July 2022

The selective photo‐oxidation of biomass‐derived 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is important due to its substitute‐role in polyester‐fabrication. Here, a titanium‐cluster based metal‐covalent organic framework nanosheet has been synthesized through the covalent‐coupling between Ti6‐NH2and benzotrithiophene tricarbaldehyde (BTT). The integration of them endows the nanosheet with a visible‐light‐adsorption region, effective electron‐hole separation‐efficiency and suitable photo‐oxidation ability. Specifically, its photo‐selectivity for HMF‐to‐FDCA can be >95 % with ≈100 % conversion, which is more than 2, 5, and 10 times higher than MOF‐901 (43 %), Ti6‐NH2(19 %) and under‐darkness (9 %), respectively. Notably, an O2‐based mechanism is proposed and the vital roles of Ti6‐NH2and BTT are verified by DFT calculations. This work might facilitate the exploration of porous‐crystalline‐catalysts for selective biomass‐valorization.
Organic Sulfonium‐Stabilized High‐Efficiency Cesium or Methylammonium Lead Bromide Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Cai Yuting , Li Wenbo , Tian Dongjie , Shi Shuchen , Chen Xi , Gao Peng , Xie Rong‐Jun
Published: July 2022

Herein, we report a new X‐type ligand, i.e., organic sulfonium bromide, for high‐efficiency CsPbBr3 and MAPbBr3 (MA=methylammonium) perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs). We first confirmed the facile synthesis of the titled ligands in N,N‐dimethylformamide at room temperature. By reacting dodecylmethylsulfide with allyl bromide, (3‐bromopropyl)trimethoxysilane, and 1,4‐dibromobutane, respectively, three representative ligands (named DAM, DSM, and DMM) are acquired. All of them result in CsPbBr3 and MAPbBr3 PNCs with near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and decent ambient stability (no less than 90 % PLQY after 2 months) using a room‐temperature ligand‐assisted reprecipitation technique. Among them, DSM and DMM endow CsPbBr3 PNCs with higher thermal/light stability arising from the cross‐linkable or bidentate ligand structure. Further, DSM‐CsPbBr3 PNCs can be incorporated into polystyrene through in situ thermal polymerization and the composite shows a record‐high PLQY of 93.8 %.