bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production of rare ginsenosides by biotransformation of Panax notoginseng saponins using Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Yang Lian , Lin Dongmei , Li Feixing , Cui Xiuming , Lou Dengji , Yang Xiaoyan
Published: February 2024

Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are the main active components of Panax notoginseng. But after oral administration, they need to be converted into rare ginsenosides by human gut microbiota and gastric juice before they can be readily absorbed into the bloodstream and exert their effects. The sources of rare ginsenosides are extremely limited in P. notoginseng and other medical plants, which hinders their application in functional foods and drugs. Therefore, the production of rare ginsenosides by the transformation of PNS using Aspergillus fumigatus was studied in this research. During 50 days at 25 ℃ and 150 rpm, A. fumigatus transformed PNS to 14 products (1–14). They were isolated by varied chromatographic methods, such as silica gel column chromatography, Rp-C18 reversed phase column chromatography, semi-preparative HPLC, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, and elucidated on the basis of their NMR and MS spectroscopic data. Then, the transformed products (1–14) were isolated and identified as ginsenosides C-K, 20 (R/S)-Rg3, Rg5, 20 (R)-Rh1, Rk1, Rh4, Rk3, 20(S)-protopanaxatriol, 20(S)-I, 20 (R/S)-Rg2, and notoginsenosides 20 (R/S)-R2, respectively. In addition, all transformed products (1–14) were tested for their antibacterial activity. Among them, compounds 5 and 7 showed moderate antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans with MIC values of 6.25/25.00, and 1.25/25.00 µg/mL, respectively. This study lays the foundation for production of rare ginsenosides.
Dapagliflozin attenuates LPS-induced myocardial injury by reducing ferroptosis
Authors: Hu Ke , Jiang Pin , song Bing , Hou Ya , Gu Qianyu , Guo Meng , Peng Ningxin , Chen Jiayu , Zhao Jinxuan , Chen Haiting , Xie Jun
Published: February 2024

Lipopolysaccharide induces sepsis in vivo, with a significant proportion of septic patients progressing to septic cardiomyopathy. Previous studies have reported the involvement of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of septic cardiomyopathy. SGLT2 inhibitors such as dapagliflozin have been demonstrated to have cardioprotective effects, with reports indicating a reduction in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through the attenuation of ferroptosis. However, the role of ferroptosis-induced myocardial injury in the context of LPS-induced sepsis remains unclear. Therefore, our study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of dapagliflozin on LPS-induced iron-overload cardiac injury. Our results indicate that dapagliflozin inhibits the translation of key proteins associated with ferroptosis, including GPX4, FTH1, and SLC7A11, while reducing the transcription of lipid peroxidation-related mRNAs PTGS2 and ACSL4, as well as iron metabolism genes TFRC and HMOX1. Additionally, both compounds alleviate potential mitochondrial membrane damage. Furthermore, dapagliflozin has been shown to mitigate LPS-induced cardiac injury burden. Based on these findings, we conclude that dapagliflozin can alleviate LPS-induced iron dysregulation-mediated cardiac dysfunction, expanding the clinical indications for SGLT2 inhibitors.
Evaluate the potential of permeable pavement for urban runoff reduction
Authors: Cai Qingchi , Lin Jenyang , Chen Chifeng
Published: February 2024

Permeable pavement (PP) is one of the widely adopted low-impact development measures in construction for enhancing urban water retention capacity, which has received increasing attention. To assess the performance of PP in surface runoff management, a comprehensive study involving hydrological monitoring and simulation was conducted at a site in Taipei. In the hydrological monitoring phase, data from 41 effective rainfall events were collected, providing a robust dataset for the analysis of PP effects. Subsequently, six distinct PP implementations and four varied rainfall scenarios were meticulously designed and simulated using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The results showed that (1) PP implementation contributes to mitigating surface runoff in the study site. The observed reduction in surface runoff spans a significant range, from 5–30.8%, with an average runoff reduction rate of approximately 14.6% for each effective rainfall event. (2) With an increasing rainfall return period, the percentage reduction of total and peak runoff decreases. The marginal control on both total and peak runoff decreased with increasing levels of PP implementation. (3) PP measures in reducing peak runoff flow and the time of arrival of peak runoff flow were relatively weak. (4) A new indicator was defined to characterize the cost-effectiveness of project construction, which helps in project management.
Quantum phase transitions in one-dimensional nanostructures: a comparison between DFT and DMRG methodologies
Authors: Pauletti T. , Sanino M. , Gimenes L. , Carvalho I. M. , França V. V.
Published: February 2024

Context: In the realm of quantum chemistry, the accurate prediction of electronic structure and properties of nanostructures remains a formidable challenge. Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) have emerged as two powerful computational methods for addressing electronic correlation effects in diverse molecular systems. We compare ground-state energies (e0), density profiles (n) and average entanglement entropies ($\bar S$) in metals, insulators and at the transition from metal to insulator, in homogeneous, superlattices and harmonically confined chains described by the fermionic one-dimensional Hubbard model. While for the homogeneous systems there is a clear hierarchy between the deviations, $D%(\bar S)<D%(e_0)< \bar D%(n)$, and all the deviations decrease with the chain size; for superlattices and harmonical confinement the relation among the deviations is less trivial and strongly dependent on the superlattice structure and the confinement strength considered. For the superlattices, in general increasing the number of impurities in the unit cell represents less precision on the DFT calculations. For the confined chains, DFT performs better for metallic phases, while the highest deviations appear for the Mott and band-insulator phases. This work provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of these methodologies, shedding light on their respective strengths, limitations, and applications.
Methods: The DFT calculations were performed using the standard Kohn-Sham scheme within the BALDA approach. It integrated the numerical Bethe-Ansatz (BA) solution of the Hubbard model as the homogeneous density functional within a local-density approximation (LDA) for the exchange-correlation energy. The DMRG algorithms were implemented using the ITensor library, which is based on the Matrix Product States (MPS) ansatz. The calculations were performed until the energy reaches convergence of at least 10-8.
Health-related behaviors of adult male cancer survivors in Korea: A propensity score matching analysis of data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII-VIII (2016– 2021)
Authors: Jung Hyein , Choi Yoonjoo , Kim Byungmi
Published: February 2024

Purpose
Studies that have compared the overall health behaviors of male survivors of cancer and the population without cancer in South Korea are limited. Therefore, we aimed to compare the quality of life and health-related behaviors of cancer survivors and the population without cancer in South Korea.
Methods
This cross-sectional, matched case-control study recruited Korean males aged 19–80 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VIII. Of the 11,760 participants, 349 cancer survivors and 1,047 controls without cancer were matched by 1:3 propensity score matching using age, cohabitation, household income, education level, employment status, type of job, and private insurance. Height, weight, smoking status, drinking status, and physical activity status were also recorded.
Results
The cancer survivors had lower odds of being overweight and higher odds of being former smokers and drinkers than the controls after adjusting for potential confounders. The cancer survivors and controls showed no significant differences in physical activity or food consumption. No significant differences were noted among the young adults. However, the middle-aged and older male cancer survivors were more likely to be overweight and obese, respectively. The middle-aged survivors were also more likely to be former smokers, while the older survivors were more likely to be former drinkers.
Conclusion
The cancer survivors were more likely to have a normal weight, be past smokers, or be former drinkers. Education on cancer prevention is required to improve health-related behaviors and prevent secondary cancer.
Tulane Virus Inactivation in 3D Food Ink Under Various Storage Conditions: A Pre- and Post-Printing Analysis
Authors: Hamilton Allyson N. , Gibson Kristen E.
Published: February 2024

3D food printers facilitate novel customization of the physicochemical properties of food. This study aimed to investigate the impact of storage conditions on the inactivation of the human norovirus surrogate, Tulane virus (TuV), within 3D printed foods. TuV-inoculated protein cookie food ink (~4 log PFU/g) was distributed into 18 3D food printer capsules (50g each); half immediately underwent extrusion. Storage of the capsules and printed food products at 20°C (0, 6, 12, and 24h), 4°C (0, 1, 3, and 5d), and -18°C (0, 1, 3, and 5d) was completed before analysis for TuV via plaque assays in addition to aerobic plate count, yeast and mold counts, and pH and water activity (aw) measurements. A significant 3-way interaction effect was observed between time, temperature, and storage method (capsule/print) (p = 0.006). Significant findings include: (1) a greater reduction in virions was observed in capsules after 24h at 20°C and (2) a substantial reduction in virions at 4°C from day 0 to day 1 was observed, independent of storage method. Microbial indicators remained steady across temperatures, with storage temperature significantly impacting pH and aw. A significant two-way interaction effect (p = 0.006) was found between microorganism type (yeast/aerobic counts), and temperature. This research seeks to provide insights for the food industry and regulatory bodies in crafting guidelines for the safe storage and handling of 3D printed foods and inks.
Longitudinal association between cumulative ecological risk and eating disorders among Chinese adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Zheng Meijuan
Published: February 2024

Background
The World Health Organization declared the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. COVID-19 profoundly affects the work and life of individuals, and adolescents are no exception. Adolescents may experience risks from various sources, such as family and school; however, there is limited understanding of the mechanisms that connect these factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate how cognitive avoidance mediates and intentional self-regulation moderates the link between cumulative ecological risk and adolescents’ eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
A sample of 769 Chinese adolescents completed questionnaires, including the Cumulative Ecological Risk Questionnaire, the Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire, the Intentional Self-Regulation Questionnaire, and the Eating Attitude Test Questionnaire.
Result
Cumulative ecological risk had a direct predictive effect on eating disorders among Chinese adolescents. Cognitive avoidance partially mediated the link between cumulative ecological risk and eating disorders among Chinese adolescents. Intentional self-regulation moderated both the direct and indirect effects between cumulative ecological risk and eating disorders among Chinese adolescents.
Conclusion
Cumulative ecological risk and cognitive avoidance both increase the likelihood of Chinese adolescents’ eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. And, intentional self-regulation serves as a protective factor in the relationship between cumulative ecological risk and cognitive avoidance in eating disorders.
Identification of three-gene signature to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis through WGCNA and machine learning methods
Authors: WU Ying Kai , Liu Cai-De , liu Chao , WU ying kai , Xie Zong-Gang
Published: February 2024

Background
Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a systemic immune-related disease characterized by synovial inflammation and destruction of joint cartilage.The pathogenesis of RA remains unclear,and there is an urgent need to discover new diagnostic markers with high sensitivity and specificity.The aim of this study was to identify new potential biomarkers in the synovium for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis and to investigate their association with immune infiltration.
Method
We downloaded four datasets containing 51 RA and 36 healthy synovium samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified with the help of R program.Then various enrichment analysis were conducted.Subsequently,WGCNA,random forest(RF),support vector machine-recursive feature elimination(SVM-RFE),least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)were used to identify the hub genes for RA diagnosis.Receiver operating characteristic curves(ROC)and nomogram models were used to validate the specificity and sensitivity of hub genes.Additionally,we analyzed the infiltration levels of 28 immune cells in the expression profile and their relationship with hub genes using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA).
Results
Three hub genes(RRM2,DLGAP5 and KIF11)were identified through WGCNA,Lasso,SVM-RFE and RF algorithms.These hub genes showed the strong correlation with T cells,Natural killer cells and Macrophage cells indicated by the analysis of immune cell infiltration.
Conclusion
A nomogram model for the diagnosis of RA based on RRM2,DLGAP5 and KIF11 has been established,providing diagnosis and treatment targets of RA.
Addressing the challenges of missed parathyroid glands in ultrasonography for secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Authors: Chou Shen-En , Yeh Cheng-Hsi , Chi Shun-Yu , Chou Fong-Fu , Wu Yi-Ju , Chang Yen-Hsiang , Chan Yi-Chia
Published: February 2024

Background
Preoperative localization plays an important role in secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) surgery. The advantages of neck ultrasound (US) include high availability and low cost. However, the reported sensitivity of US is 54–76%, and the reason for missed PG on US has been rarely addressed.
Methods
Fifty-four patients who were diagnosed with renal SHPT from September 2020 to March 2022 were included in this retrospective study. Preoperative localization included surgeon-oriented US and technetium 99m-sestamibi single-photon-emission-computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT).
Results
A total of 212 parathyroid glands (PGs) were pathologically confirmed, resulting in success rate of 96.2% (52/54). Using echo, 193 (91.0%) PGs were accurately localized, while 19 (9.0%) glands were not identified, including those in ectopic positions (n = 12, at thymus or intra-thyroid or others), of a small size (< 1 cm, n = 6), or overlapping with an ipsilateral PG (n = 1). US accurately detected four PGs in 36 (66.7%) patients, while SPECT/CT localized four glands in 19 (35.2%) patients. Although the number of US-detectable PGs was not associated with success rate, it showed significant negative correlation with surgical time (rs=-0.459, P = 0.002).
Conclusion
US detected four glands in 66% of SHPT patients with a sensitivity of 90% for localization. Ectopic position and small size were the most common reasons of failing to detect PG on US. Complete preoperative echo localization might shorten the operating time.
Cis/Etop chemotherapy as a ray of hope in mixed adeno-neuroendocrine carcinoma of colon
Authors: Rasta Sara , Rashidian Maryam , Bastan Fatemeh , Rajabnia Mohsen
Published: February 2024

Background: Mixed adeno-neuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) is a rare pathological diagnosis reported by the World Health Organization in 2010 for the first time. Neuroendocrine tumors are characterized by rapid progression.
Case Presentation: A 70-year-old man who complained about anemia, diarrhea and significant weight loss did colonoscopy. Biopsy showed a poorly differentiated carcinoma. Biopsy upon surgical rectosigmoid resection revealed a mixed neuroendocrine-adenocarcinoma. Chemotherapy with fofox6 regimen was started but after eight months, tumor relapsed in anastomosis site of surgery involving para aortic lymph nodes and growth of tumor had led to gastrointestinal obstruction symptom. We did relieving surgery and changed chemotherapy regimen to cisplatin/etoposide regimen. He responded to the treatment well, and the mass almost disappeared.
Conclusions: The optimal strategy for management of mixed endocrine tumor is variable as they present rare and atypical. Adjuvant chemotherapy play a critical role in the treatment and survival due to MANEC aggressive progression and recurrence. Our data derived from this case may be essential for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of MANEC patients’ symptoms.
Low and Medium Voltage Distribution Network Planning with Distributed Energy Resources: A Survey
Authors: Pham Tan Nhat , Shah Rakibuzzaman , Dao Minh N. , Sultanova Nargiz , Islam Syed
Published: February 2024

The penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) such as photovoltaic systems, energy storage systems, and electric vehicles is increasing in the distribution system. The distinct characteristics of these resources, e.g., volatility and intermittency, introduce complexity in operation and planning of the distribution system. This paper first summarized the physical characteristics and morphological evaluation of the current and future distribution networks. Then, the impact of these changes on system operation and planning is outlined. Next, the tools, methods, and techniques for energy forecasting, optimal planning, and distribution system state estimation are reviewed and discussed, along with the challenges. As the main contributions, this research systematically organized the published works and assessed the relevant milestones regarding distribution system planning with DERs and emerging technologies. Finally, the key research directions in this domain are outlined.
Effect of Calcium Silicate on Mechanical and Frictional Wear Behaviors of AA7075 Hybrid Composites: A Statistical Analysis
Authors: K Gnanasekaran , D Ananthapadmanaban , R Franklin Issac
Published: February 2024

Recently, Aluminium Alloy (AA) 7075 based Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) have been widely used in aerospace applications due to their high strength to density ratio, but it mostly fails in tribo applications. The addition of ceramic material like Al2O3 to the AA7075 Hybrid Composites (AHCs) has improved their wear and thermal properties, but the density of the AHCs has also increased. In this regard, it is essential to identify a low-density ceramic to improve the wear resistance of the AHCs without affecting their density or mechanical strength. For the study on the effect of Ca2SiO4 on the AHCs, the AHCs/Al2O3/Ca2SiO4 samples were successfully fabricated and tested in terms of mechanical and frictional wear properties. The fabricated AHCs had a relative density of around 3.54±0.05% higher than AA7075, which is due to the impact of high-density ceramic Al2O3 reinforcement. The lowest specific wear rate is obtained for the AHCs/Al2O3(10 wt. %)/Ca2SiO4(8 wt. %) at the high applied load and the low sliding velocity, which is around 1.44 x 10-6 g/Nm, and its corresponding CoF is 0.158. Finally, the wear maps are developed from the contour plots of responses to identify the cause and consequences of the wear mechanism during the dry sliding of AHCs.
Risk prediction model for postoperative brain metastasis in IIB-IIIB non-small cell lung cancer: based on radiomics and clinicopathology
Authors: yang Lu , Liao Chengde , Ouyang Zhiqiang , Li Qinqing , Huang Yunchao , yang Jun
Published: February 2024

Purpose
To develop and validate a model based on radiomics and clinicopathological features for predicting postoperative brain metastasis (BM) in stage IIB-IIIB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.
Materials and methods
A total of 333 NSCLC patients operated from October 2015 and December 2019 with postoperative pathological stage IIB-IIIB were included, which were randomly divided into a training and validation cohort. The intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics features from preoperative CT image were extracted and selected using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). The independent clinical predictors of BM were identified by univariate and multivariate Cox analysis. The radiomics model, clinical model and radiomics combined clinicopathological model were constructed with six different algorithms. Subsequently, we constructed a dynamic nomogram. The performance of the model was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA).
Results
The radiomics model combining intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics features exhibited great predictive performance for BM prediction, with an AUC of 0.888–0.928 in the training cohort and 0.838–0.894 in the validation cohort. The model including the intra- and peritumoral radiomics, T stage, histological type, spiculation and other metastatic sites yielded AUC of 0.947–0.979 in the training cohort and 0.847–0.926 in the validation cohort, with good calibration for all algorithms (p > 0.05). DCA revealed that the combined model obtained a greater net benefit.
Conclusion
The model that integrates radiomics features with clinicopathological features could aid in early-stage prediction of postoperative BM risk in stage IIB-IIIB NSCLC patients. Dynamic nomogram provides great convenience for clinicians to manage patients.
Donor/recipient Rh-mismatched allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: transfusion strategy and allo-immunization to red blood cell antigens
Authors: XHAARD Aliénor , Floch Aline , Robin Marie , de Fontbrune Flore Sicre , Michonneau David , Kaphan Eleonore , Prata Pedro , Ruggiu Mathilde , Socie Gerard , Traineau Richard , de Latour Regis Peffault , Lepretre Anne-Claire
Published: February 2024

In the case of donor/recipient rhesus (Rh)-incompatibility after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT), the transfusion policy in France is to transfuse red blood cells (RBC) in the donor’s Rh phenotype from the day of transplantation, leading to a risk of allo-immunization, either of donor or recipient origin. In this single-center retrospective study, the incidence of donor/recipient Rh incompatibility was 7.1% over an eight-year period including 1 012 alloHSCT. Six of 58 evaluable patients (10.3%) developed alloantibodies to RBC antigens within one year of alloHSCT. None of these allo-immunizations were directed against the donor-mismatched Rh antigens and none of them could have been prevented by the transfusion of recipient and donor Rh-compatible RBC units. None of these allo-immunizations led to immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. These results show that, in the context of donor/recipient Rh incompatibility, the transfusion of packed RBC units in the donor’s Rh phenotype from the day of alloHSCT is feasible and not associated with a high risk of allo-immunization. The generalization of this strategy could also be discussed even when donor and recipient Rh phenotypes could be respected, to allow the preservation of units of infrequent phenotypes for other indications.
Options for Future European Reusable Booster Stages: Evaluation and Comparison of VTHL and VTVL Return Methods
Authors: Stappert Sven , Dietlein Ingrid , Wilken Jascha , Bussler Leonid , Sippel Martin
Published: February 2024

In the past the majority of system studies on reusable space transportation performed within Europe focused on concepts relying on lift-generating wings for recovery. Recently, vertically landing concepts similar to those deployed successfully by SpaceX have moved to the center of technical attention.
Both recovery and landing strategies have their pros and cons and it is not obvious what would be a sound choice for Europe. Therefore, the German Aerospace Center DLR initiated a parametric system study, named ENTRAIN, that evaluates the impact of different return options on the launcher design on a technical level: the vertical take-off, vertical landing method (VTVL) as used by SpaceX compared to the vertical take-off, horizontal landing (VTHL) method as used for the Space Shuttle. Within this study, launchers were designed using different propellant combinations, staging velocities and engine cycles. The designed launchers are evaluated in this paper regarding performance, technical difficulties, operational aspects, size, mass and complexity.
A Concept-Aware Explainability Method for Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Gurkan Mustafa Kagan , Vural Fatos Yarman , Arica Nafiz
Published: February 2024

Although Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) outperform the classical models in a wide range of Machine Vision applications, their restricted interpretability and their lack of comprehensibility inreasoning, generates many problems such as security, reliability and safety. Consequently, there is a growing need on research to improve explainability and address their limitations.
In this paper, we propose a concept-based method, called Concept-Aware Explainability (CAE) to provide a verbal explanation for the predictions of pre-trained CNN models. A new measure, called detection score mean, is introduced to quantify the relationship between the filters of the model and a set of pre-defined concepts. Based on the detection score mean values, we define sorted lists of Concept-Aware Filters (CAF) and Filter-Activating Concepts (FAC). These lists are used to generate explainability reports, where we can explain, analyze, and compare models in terms of the concepts embedded in the image. The proposed explainability method is compared to the state-of-the-art methods to explain Resnet18 and VGG16 models, pre-trained on ImageNet and Places365-Standard datasets. Two popular metrics, namely, number of unique detectors and numberof detecting filters, are used to make a quantitative comparison. Superior performances are observed for the suggested CAE, when compared to Network Dissection (NetDis) [1] and Net2Vec [2] methods.
Economic value estimation of public support for the Kinmen Horseshoe Crab conservation
Authors: Hong Chun-Fu , Lee Chun-Hung , Lee Yi-Hsing
Published: February 2024

With the rapid decline in horseshoe crab population in Taiwan, the balance between economic development and conservation has become an important issue. Based on the random utility model of horseshoe crab conservation and economic development, we evaluated public support and willingness to pay (WTP) for horseshoe crab conservation and economic development. Our results showed that the public supported (1) horseshoe crab conservation and economic development together; (2) the inclusion of conservation concepts in elementary and middle school curricula materials and the training of conservation volunteers; (3) restoring the natural habitat of horseshoe crabs and listing them as a protected animal; and (4) issuing licensing requirements for horseshoe crab harvesting to allow the coexistence of conservation and economic development; moreover, we found that (5) female residents who have participated in conservation-related activities prioritize ecological conservation over economic development.
Biblical Expressions in A. N. Ostrovsky’s Plays
Authors: Mokienko Valerij M.
Published: February 2024

In 2023, Russia celebrates the 200th anniversary of Alexander N. Ostrovsky, the famous playwright who portrayed Russia in the epoch of serfdom. The author used the method of continuous sampling to harvest lexical intertextualisms from A. N. Ostrovsky’s plays, as well as the methods of linguistic culturological analysis, interpretation, linguacultural commentary, and systematizing to describe the material. Biblical expressions in A. N. Ostrovsky’s plays are numerous but remain understudied. However, they play an important semantic and linguacultural role in that they render the text a bookish style. Some personages demonstrate the symbolism of biblical words as dominants of their worldview. Quite often, biblical expressions are incomprehensible, archaic, or semantically random, thus revealing poor education. The article focuses on one-lexeme biblical expressions. They could be divided into two groups: 1) proper names, e.g., Jared, Herod, Judas, Lazarus, etc., and related phraseological units, e.g., to sing Lazarus, i.e. to lament or complain; 2) common nouns with a special symbolism in the text, e.g., expanse, vigil, fasting, abstinence, covenant, grace, goodness, bounty, ordeal, brimstone, etc. Each example is provided with comments on their biblical source and the functional characteristics in the context.
Language of the Future as an Object of Satire in D. Eggers’s Dystopic Dilogy
Authors: Lushnikova Galina I. , Osadchaia Tatiana Iu.
Published: February 2024

Personal worldview can be subjected to linguistic modeling even if the person in question is a fictional character. This research featured the vocabulary invented by the contemporary American writer Dave Eggers for his dystopic dilogy, as well as the role of this fictional language in creating satirical mode. The study involved such methods of cognitive linguistics as component, transformational, and stylistic analyses, analytical description, and semantic fields. The article opens with a review of domestic and foreign publications on the connection between language, social processes, and thinking. The Circle (2013) and The Every (2021) were analyzed for satirical and stylistic devices. The dilogy turned out to be a new type of satire, which combines the postmodern irony and deconstruction with the metamodern openness and optimism. The vocabulary of the future as seen by the author was analyzed for its functions in creating the worldview. Its key features include: neologisms and occasionalisms coined in line with actual word-formation models; contrasting high and low-style vocabulary; euphemisms and modified set phrases. D. Eggers also satirized some real linguistic trends, which, in his opinion, deform the language and affect people’s mind and behavior.
Einhard’s Vita Karoli Magni: Dialogue with Classical Genre
Authors: Nenarokova Maria R.
Published: February 2024

Vita Karoli Magni (The Life of Charlemagne) was the first medieval biography. It was written by Einhard, a prominent figure of the Carolingian era, who used some biographies of Roman emperors by Suetonius. This article introduces a comparative analysis of Einhard’s Vita Karoli Magni and Suetonius’ biographies in terms of structure and composition. The main research objectives were to define to what degree Einhard followed the chosen pattern, as well as to identify the new features the medieval biography acquired as compared with the texts by Suetonius. The study involved descriptive, cultural-historical, comparative-historical, historical-genetic, and formal methods. The author questioned the generally accepted opinion that Einhard relied on Suetonius’s texts. The texts by Einhard and Suetonius are similar in macro-composition, but the former was affected by the Christian tradition of heroic narrative. Suetonius’s stories resembled a friendly conversation that could embrace different points of view. However, Einhard wrote an encomium that was to offer its readers an ideal image of a king. His biography was compiled according to the three-part scheme, typical of hagiographies.
Cognitive, Structural, and Semantic Features of Professional Neologisms in Modern English
Authors: Khatlamadzhijan Margarita A.
Published: February 2024

This article describes 180 modern English neologisms with a professional component. Their structural and semantic features reveal how native speakers perceive and conceptualize new words through spiritual and practical activities, thus adjusting their worldview to the changing reality. The research involved the methods of definitional analysis, word formation, semantic assay, and cognitive-discursive interpretation, as well as various standard linguistic and statistical methods. The material was classified according to the type of professional activity. These lexical and semantic groups were united by intralinguistic links based on interrelated and interdependent connotative shades of meaning. Many neologisms demonstrated a metaphorical basis, which served as a tool for creating expressive images. All the neological units were emotive and evaluative. The emotive content conveyed the thoughts and feelings of the speaker, while the evaluative content was associated with the pragmatic function and contained information about the speaker’s attitude to the denotation. Most professional neologisms were gender-neutral. The universal nature of the images behind the neologisms probably testifies to the current mental changes in a society that values gender equality. Interdiscursivity appeared to permeate all lexical and semantic fields of the English neological space. The heterogeneity reflected the complex activity the speaker performs in an attempt to comprehend a complex and multifaceted environment, which, in turn, gives the neological units an anthropocentric character. The relevance of the research is determined by the rapid development of various social spheres, which inevitably affects the modern communication and the linguistic worldview in general.
Cognitive Duality of the Artistic Concept of Sea-Ocean in B. V. Shergin’s Short Stories
Authors: Rumyantseva Marina V.
Published: February 2024

Artistic concepts are linguistic and cultural cognitive concepts processed by a particular author. As a result, they acquire the individuality in the text they belong to. In cultural linguistics, artistic concepts help to describe the individual style of an author as a linguistic personality. This article introduces the cognitive features of the binuclear concept of sea-ocean in B. V. Shergin’s short stories. Mythological universals and Russian mythology made it possible to distinguish additional shades of the concept under study, different from its traditional mythological content. The binuclear concept of sea-ocean proved to be a dual artistic concept. Its cores form an equipolar opposition, i.e., they all share the meaning of water space but differ in antonymic values, e.g., life / death, light / darkness, constancy / variability, creation / destruction, etc. These opposite meanings are not mutually exclusive: in fact, they are quite close. The duality is part of the etymology of lexemes ocean and sea: the former has the meaning of living water while the second contains the seme of death, i.e., dead water. In the mythological worldview of the Pomors, who inhabit the White Sea and Russian Arctic coasts, the sea-ocean is the primary matter in which the never-ending struggle of opposites gives birth to the new Universe, which then perishes and is reborn again. This matter is thought of as a living being. The biomorphic features of the concept are expressed through anthropomorphic and zoomorphic codes. The lexical and semantic field man is represented by such lexemes as old father, gray-haired old man, water king, fair judge, soul builder, musician, singer, etc. The lexical and semantic field animal is limited such lexemes as horse and polar bear.
Antinomies of Russian Morphology: Communicative vs. Cognitive; Syntagmatic vs. Nominative
Authors: Golev Nikolay D.
Published: February 2024

The article presents the results of metamodeling of the morphological system of the Russian language. This communicative approach to morphology means distancing it from the reflective (cognitive, nominative) function of a linguistic sign or any sign system to give way to the syntagmatic side, at least as far as synthetic languages are concerned. As a synthetic language, Russian demonstrates a certain rigidity of the text construction algorithms. The synthetic nature of Russian morphology is based on such syntagmatic categories as government and agreement, while the adjunction, i.e., connection of words and word forms in meaning, strengthens the trend towards analyticism. This trend belongs to the content while the separate formation of grammatical and lexical meanings are its external side. Against this synchronous and functional background, the article discusses some diachronic and inherent manifestations of the morphological system. These manifestations are associated with the morphologization of phenomena that are external to morphology, i.e., units, relationships, and categories, and the demorphologization of internal morphological phenomena. The author focuses mostly on the correlation between morphology and syntax.
Continuous flow aerobic granular sludge: recent developments and applications
Authors: Yu Cheng , Wang Kaijun
Published: February 2024

Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in continuous-flow reactors (CFRs) has attracted significant interest, with notable progress in research and application over the past two decades. Cumulative studies have shown that AGS-CFRs exhibit comparable morphology, settleability, and pollutant removal efficiency to AGS cultivated in sequencing batch reactors, despite their smaller particle sizes. Shear force and selection pressure are the primary drivers of granulation. While not mandatory for granulation, feast/famine conditions play a crucial role in ensuring long-term stability and nutrient removal. Additionally, bioaugmentation can facilitate the granulation process. Furthermore, this paper comprehensively assesses the application of AGS-CFRs in full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Currently, AGS-CFRs have been implemented in nine WWTPs, encompassing two distinct processes. Hydrocyclone-based densified activated sludge significantly enhances sludge density, settleability, and biological phosphorus removal efficiency, thus increasing treatment capacity. The microaerobic–aerobic configuration with internal separators can induce granulation, ensuring long-term stability, eliminating the need for external clarifiers, and reducing land and energy requirements. This review demonstrates the high potential of AGS-CFRs for intensifying existing WWTPs with minimal retrofitting needs. However, further research is required in granulation mechanisms, long-term stability, and nutrient removal to promote the widespread adoption of AGS.
Relationship between Compound α-Ketoacid and Microinflammation in
Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Chen Zaobin , Lin Yongda , Wang Jiali , Yao Kaijin , Xie Yina , Chen Xiutian , Zhou Tianbiao
Published: February 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) refers to the presence of structural or functional abnormalities in the
kidneys that affect health, lasting for more than 3 months. CKD is not only the direct cause of global incidence
rate and mortality, but also an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Persistent microinflammatory
state has been recognized as an important component of CKD, which can lead to renal fibrosis and loss of renal
function, and plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology and progression of the disease. Simultaneously,
compound α-Ketoacid can bind nitrogen-containing metabolites in the blood and accelerate their excretion
from the body, thereby reducing the level of metabolic waste, alleviating gastrointestinal reactions in patients,
and reducing the inflammatory response and oxidative stress state of the body. Compoundα-Ketoacid contains
amino acids required by CKD patients. In this review, we explore the relationship between compound α-Ketoacid
and microinflammation in patients with CKD. The review indicated that compound α-Ketoacid can improve
the microinflammatory state in CKD patients by improving the nutritional status of CKD patients, improving
patient's acid-base balance disorder, regulating oxidative stress, improving gut microbiota, and regulating
abnormal lipid metabolism.
Mini-Review on Vitamin D in Pediatric Population and its Role in
Respiratory and Atopic Disorders
Authors: Indolfi Cristiana , Klain Angela , Dinardo Giulio , Decimo Fabio , Marrapodi Maria Maddalena , Licari Amelia , Giudice Michele Miraglia del
Published: February 2024

In recent years, our comprehension of the function of vitamin D has significantly
evolved. The ubiquitous presence of the vitamin D receptor (Vitamin D Receptor- VDR) in the body
has led to its redefinition from a steroidal hormone primarily involved in skeletal functions to a
hormone with pleiotropic effects, exerting its influence on the circulatory, nervous, and immune
systems. This has prompted investigations into its potential use in preventing and treating chronic
metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, infections, and allergic and autoimmune diseases. This
comprehensive review explores the various aspects of vitamin D, including its sources, synthesis,
functions, and its impact on different physiological systems. It delves into the epidemiology of vitamin
D deficiency, highlighting its occurrence among various age demographics and geographic
regions. The impact of vitamin D on the immune system is also explored, elucidating its immunomodulatory
and anti-inflammatory properties, particularly in the context of respiratory infections.
The review discusses emerging evidence concerning the potential advantages of vitamin D in respiratory
diseases, pediatric asthma and atopic dermatitis. It also addresses vitamin D supplementation
recommendations for various pediatric populations, including term and preterm infants. The growing
concern regarding the global health impacts of insufficient vitamin D levels necessitates further
research to bridge gaps in knowledge, particularly in enhancing screening, prevention, and approaches
to address vitamin D deficiency from birth onwards. In summary, this comprehensive
overview underscores the vital role of vitamin D, highlighting the significance of understanding its
multifaceted functions and the need for tailored supplementation strategies, especially in vulnerable
populations.
Cardiac Complications and COVID-19: A Review of Life-threatening
Co-morbidities
Authors: Eftekhar Zeinab , Haybar Habib , Mohebbi Alireza , Saki Najmaldin
Published: February 2024

The novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first reported in the last days of
December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The presence of certain co-morbidities, including cardiovascular
diseases (CVDs), are the basis for worse outcomes in patients with COVID-19.

:

Relevant English-language literature was searched and retrieved from the Google Scholar search
engine and PubMed database up to 2023 using COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Heart failure, Myocardial
infarction, and Arrhythmia and Cardiac complication as keywords.

:

Increased hemodynamic load, ischemia-related dysfunction, ventricular remodeling, excessive
neurohumoral stimulation, abnormal myocyte calcium cycling, and excessive or insufficient extracellular
matrix proliferation are associated with heart failure (HF) in COVID-19 patients. Inflammatory
reaction due to the excessive release of inflammatory cytokines, leads to myocardial
infarction (MI) in these patients. The virus can induce heart arrhythmia through cardiac complications,
hypoxia, decreased heart hemodynamics, and remarkable inflammatory markers. Moreover,
studies have linked cardiac complications in COVID-19 with poor outcomes, extended
hospitalization time, and increased mortality rate. Patients with COVID-19 and CVDs are at
higher mortality risk and they should be given high priority when receiving the treatment and intensive
care during hospitalization.
Anticancer Activity of Sargassum fluitans Extracts in Different Cancer Cells
Authors: González-Garrido José Arnold , Gómez-García Javier Alejandro , Hernández-Abreu Oswaldo Ignacio , Olivares-Corichi Ivonne María , Pereyra-Vergara Fernando , García-Sánchez José Rubén
Published: February 2024

Background:

The arrival of large quantities of Sargassum in the Mexican Caribbean Sea has generated
major environmental, health and economic problems. Although Sargassum has been used in the generation of
some commercial products, few studies have described its possible applications as a source of compounds with
anticancer activity.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the antiproliferative effects of different Sargassum extracts on various
cancer cell lines. Furthermore, LC/QTOF-MS was used to identify the compounds related to the antiproliferative
effect.

Methods:

First, determination of the seaweed was performed, and dichloromethane, chloroform and methanol
extracts were obtained. The extracts were evaluated for their antiproliferative effects by MTT in breast (MDAMB-
231 and MCF-7), prostate (DU-145), lung (A549) and cervical (SiHa) cancer cell lines. Finally, LC/QTOFMS
identified the compounds related to the antiproliferative effect.

Results:

The authentication showed Sargassum fluitans as the predominant species. The extracts of dichloromethane
and chloroform showed an antiproliferative effect. Interestingly, the fractionation of the chloroform
extract showed two fractions (FC1 and FC2) with antiproliferative activity in MDA-MB-231, SiHa and A549
cancer cell lines. On the other hand, three fractions of dichloromethane extract (FD1, FD4 and FD5) also showed
antiproliferative effects in the MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, SiHa and DU-145 cancer cell lines. Furthermore,
LC/QTOF-MS revealed the presence of eight major compounds in FC2. Three compounds with evidence of anticancer
activity were identified (D-linalool-3-glucoside, (3R,4S,6E,10Z)-3,4,7,11-tetramethyl-6,10-tridecadienal
and alpha-tocotrienol).

Conclusion:

These findings showed that Sargassum fluitans extracts are a possible source of therapeutic agents
against cancer and could act as scaffolds for new drug discovery.
Cyclodepsipeptides: Isolation, Bioactivities, Biosynthesis and Total Synthesis
Authors: Chen Ning , Tian Xue , Liu Bing , Zhu Ting , Zhao Jintong , Li Ting
Published: February 2024

Cyclodepsipeptides, mainly derived from marine organisms and soil microorganisms, are
amphiphilic molecules consisting of short oligopeptides with fatty acid tails attached to form a macrocyclic
structure. Studies on the activity of cyclodepsipeptides have shown that they have cytotoxicity,
antibacterial and anthelmintic effects, and are widely used in biological control, drug development,
environmental remediation and disease treatment. Cyclodepsipeptides play a prominent role
in the development of new drugs and drug lead compounds, especially as antibiotics with great medicinal
potentiall, and are slowly seeping into the public consciousness. The biosynthesis of cyclodepsipeptides
is mainly based on the synthesis of non-ribosomal peptide synthases, and selection
of key regulatory enzymes for homologue regulation and biosynthetic strategies using genetic engineering
and metabolic engineering approaches. The biosynthesis method is miniaturised, recyclable,
and safer. The total synthesis methods of cyclodepsipeptides are mainly combined solid-liquid
phase methods, which synthesise cyclodepsipeptides faster and are easy to purify. This paper reviews
the biological activities of cyclodepsipeptides, their biosynthesis, and total synthesis.