bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adnotacja w parafialnym Liber Natorum (1864–1869) jako rodzaj tekstu. Studium tekstologiczno-kodykologiczne
Authors: Owsiński Piotr A.
Published: January 2022

Artykuł stanowi próbę tekstologiczno-kodykologicznej analizy i prezentacji charakterystycznych cech polskiego i rosyjskiego języka urzędowego w adnotacjach parafialnej, metrykalnej księgi uro- dzonych (ochrzczonych) z Buska-Zdroju z XIX wieku. Celem eksploracji jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy analizowane wpisy w księgach mogą być postrzegane jako schemat noty w parafialnej księdze metrykalnej, a zatem jako typ tekstu. Autor koncentruje uwagę na strukturze i cechach charakterystycznych poszczególnych adnotacji. Tłem tak zdefiniowanego obszaru badawczego jest natomiast zarys struktury i funkcji parafialnej księgi metrykalnej oraz jej wpisów.
Assessing the understandability, actionability, and quality of online resources for the self-management of bipolar disorder
Authors: Sutera Nathan D. , Iuppa Courtney A. , Nelson Leigh Anne , Kriz Carrie R. , Gramlich Nicole A. , Lang Shelby E. , Elliott Ellie S. R. , Sommi Roger W.
Published: January 2022

Introduction

This study aims to assess the understandability, actionability, and quality of online resources for the self-management (SM) of bipolar spectrum disorders in adults.

Methods

An online search using Google, Bing, and Yahoo! search engines was conducted to identify resources for bipolar disorder. Those that were published in English, discussed at least 1 method directed at improving an SM task, and were within the first 25 nonadvertisement results for each search were included. Resources directed specifically at adolescents were excluded. Understandability and actionability of the online resources were evaluated using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT). Quality of the online resources was evaluated using the DISCERN instrument. The number of SM tasks each resource discussed was also evaluated. Overall mean appropriateness was calculated by averaging the percentage scores of understandability, actionability, and quality.

Results

Fifty-two resources were included. The mean sample scores were 8.4 (SD, 2.1; range, 2-13; maximum, 15) for understandability, 2.2 (SD, 1.2; range, 0-4; maximum, 5) for actionability, and 46.1 (SD, 8.9; range, 30-57; maximum, 75) for quality. The overall mean appropriateness percentage was 53.5% (SD, 11.7%; range, 18%-77%), with a goal of at least 70%. Included resources addressed a mean of 7.1 tasks (SD, 2.5; range, 1-14; maximum, 20).

Discussion

Most online resources for the SM of bipolar disorder scored poorly for understandability and actionability based on PEMAT scores and had low to moderate scores for quality using the DISCERN instrument. Future online resources should be designed with the goal of increasing appropriateness for patients.
Evaluating the impact of an emergency department protocol that guides management of methamphetamine-induced agitation and psychosis
Authors: Nguyen Julie , Lee Stephen , Ankrah Dennis , Knox Erin
Published: January 2022

Background

Methamphetamine is an addictive stimulant that may induce symptoms of agitation and psychosis. The estimated rate of methamphetamine use is 6.6 per 1000 people. Currently, no treatment guidelines exist to support the optimal management of patients presenting with methamphetamine-induced agitation. Emergency department (ED) providers may prescribe various benzodiazepines (BZDs) and antipsychotics (APs) as first-line agents to stabilize these agitated patients. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of a protocol to guide management of this condition.

Methods

This was a retrospective, pre- and poststudy conducted from July 2020 to March 2021 at a large academic medical center. A multidisciplinary protocol was designed to help manage methamphetamine-induced agitation in the ED. The primary outcome of the study was a reduction in the number of BZDs and APs used for the treatment of methamphetamine-induced agitation. This was measured by the incidence of overprescribing, defined as 3 or more APs or BZDs administered within 30 minutes. Secondary outcomes included the use of physical restraints, ED length of stay, and adverse events.

Results

We did not observe a significantly lower incidence of overprescribing, adverse events, or ED length of stay when comparing pre- and postprotocol groups. A subgroup analysis demonstrated that when protocol was followed, there was a statistically significant reduction in overprescribing (P = .001).

Discussion

We did not find any differences among our primary and secondary outcomes, which may be attributed to protocol nonadherence. Full compliance to the protocol may reduce the rate of overprescribing APs or BZDs in patients with methamphetamine-induced agitation.
Perceptions of clinical pharmacy specialists' contributions in mental health clinical teams
Authors: Gillespie Chris , Kleinberg Felicia , Zogas Anna , Morreale Anthony , Ourth Heather , Tran Michael , Moore Tera , Miller Donald , McCullough Megan
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Mental health (MH) clinical pharmacy specialists (CPS) are increasingly functioning as integral providers in MH care teams. MH providers may delegate many medication management tasks to the CPS. As there is a shortage of primary care and specialist MH providers, CPS are increasingly being utilized in MH care clinics. We assess provider and CPS perceptions of the contributions of CPS to MH clinical teams in the Veterans Health Administration.

Methods

We examined the roles and functions of CPS in MH clinics through surveys (n = 374) and semistructured interviews (n = 16) with MH CPS and other members of MH clinical teams (psychiatrists, nurse practitioners, registered nurses, social workers) to gain insight into how CPS were integrated in these settings. We assessed perceptions of CPS contributions to MH teams, interactions between CPS and other providers, and challenges of integrating CPS into MH clinical teams.

Results

Contributions of CPS in MH were received positively by clinical team members. Clinical pharmacy specialists providing comprehensive medication management were especially valuable in the management of clozapine. The knowledge and training of CPS reassured providers who frequently referred to them with questions about medication and medication therapy management. MH CPS were also perceived to be received well by patients.

Discussion

The integration of MH CPS into MH teams was well received by team members and patients alike. The MH CPS have become important members of the MH team and are widely viewed as being able to improve access, quality, and workflow.
Genetically Encoded Synthetic Beta Cells for Insulin Biosynthesis and Release under Hyperglycemic Conditions
Authors: Liu Jian , Xue Jueyi , Fu Lu , Xu Jiangtao , Lord Megan S. , Liang Kang
Published: January 2022

Advances in artificial/synthetic cells have drawn a new era of nanobiotechnology, which have shown broad prospects in biomedical applications. The rational nanoengineering of synthetic cells that can closely substitute the systematic biological functions of cells is a next grand challenge. Here, a genetically encoded synthetic beta cell, which can sense hyperglycemic conditions to initiate programmed biosynthesis and secretion of insulin is reported. By encapsulating different metal–organic framework‐based artificial organelles with distinctive bifunctionalities, the synthetic cell can undergo programmed, sequential subcellular events, including glucose sensing, initiation of insulin gene transcription and translation, and finally excretion of functional insulin, under hyperglycemic conditions. Glucose uptake assay suggests that the insulin produced by the synthetic cells can successfully promote glucose uptake into mammalian cells. The construction of a higher‐order cell cluster by ligand‐mediated super‐assembly of the synthetic cells is further demonstrated. Such a robust and smart synthetic system that closely mimics the cellular activities of beta cells in response to glucose levels is promising for improving clinical outcomes in diabetes treatment.
Ultrathin Dual‐Band Wide‐Angle Beam Scanning Metalens Based on High‐Efficiency Meta‐Atom
Authors: Wang Shuobo , Chen Yicong , Gao Jianjun , Zhai Guohua , Ding Jun
Published: January 2022

Metasurfaces composed of planar subwavelength‐scaled meta‐atoms demonstrate unprecedented wavefront manipulation capabilities. However, the wavelength‐dependent property of the metasurface could severely reduce the design freedom, and most metasurfaces require multilayer structure for high efficiency. Herein, a single‐layered‐substrate meta‐atom is proposed to achieve independent phase manipulations as well as high transmission efficiencies at two frequencies. Specifically, the full 2π phase coverages can be individually realized through rotating the corresponding resonators. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, a dual‐band high‐efficiency metalens with wide field‐of‐view (FoV) under the circular polarization incidence is simulated, fabricated and measured at Ka‐band for satellite communications. Both simulation and experimental results agree well with each other, demonstrating that wide scanning coverages of ±60° can be achieved at both 20 and 30 GHz. The proposed method can be a competitive candidate for designing dual‐band high‐efficiency meta‐devices.
Thin Multispectral Camouflage Absorber Based on Metasurfaces with Wide Infrared Radiative Cooling Window
Authors: Qin Zheng , Zhang Chen , Liang Zhongzhu , Meng Dejia , Shi Xiaoyan , Yang Fuming
Published: January 2022

Herein, a hierarchical metamaterial (HMM) is reported to achieve multispectral camouflage for thermal infrared detectors and radar. The HMM consists of a frequency‐selective emitter (FSE) integrated with a microwave absorber (MA). The FSE layer has an average absorptivity of 0.18, 0.85, and 0.18 in the wavelength of 3–5, 5–8, and 8–14 μm, respectively, in the case of the normal incidence. The absorptivity of MA maintains more than 91% (87%) in the broadband of 8–12 GHz (the entire X‐band) up to incident angles of for TM (TE) polarization. Overall, the average surface emissivity of HMM is 0.25, 0.86, and 0.26 in the infrared broadband of 3–5, 5–8, and 8–14 μm, respectively. The FSE considers infrared camouflage and infrared radiative cooling. The performance of HMM in microwave range remains unchanged, compared to MA structure without FSE layer. From the point of view of thickness, the HMM structure is only 2.34 mm. These excellent performances indicate that the herein described proposed HMM has promising applications in multispectral camouflage fields.
SUMOylation in Viral Replication and Antiviral Defense
Authors: Fan Yao , Li Xiang , Zhang Lei , Zong Zhi , Wang Fangwei , Huang Jun , Zeng Linghui , Zhang Chong , Yan Haiyan , Zhang Long , Zhou Fangfang
Published: January 2022

SUMOylation is a ubiquitination‐like post‐translational modification that plays an essential role in the regulation of protein function. Recent studies have shown that proteins from both RNA and DNA virus families can be modified by SUMO conjugation, which facilitates viral replication. Viruses can manipulate the entire process of SUMOylation through interplay with the SUMO pathway. By contrast, SUMOylation can eliminate viral infection by regulating host antiviral immune components. A deeper understanding of how SUMOylation regulates viral proteins and cellular antiviral components is necessary for the development of effective antiviral therapies. In the present review, the regulatory mechanism of SUMOylation in viral replication and infection and the antiviral immune response, and the consequences of this regulation for viral replication and engagement with antiviral innate immunity are summarized. The potential therapeutic applications of SUMOylation in diseases caused by viruses are also discussed.
Biochar type and application methods affected nitrogen and phosphorus leaching from a sandy soil amended with inorganic fertilizers and biosolids
Authors: Lu Yanyan , Silveira Maria Lucia , O'Connor George A. , Vendramini Joao M. B. , Li Yuncong C.
Published: January 2022

Land application of biochar as a soil amendment can be an effective strategy for reducing nutrient leaching while providing simultaneous benefits to soil health. However, biochar effects on soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) dynamics in biochar‐amended soils are poorly understood, particularly in Florida sandy soils receiving fertilizers. This study evaluated the effects of different biochar materials (particle size of 0.1 mm produced from pine (Pinus spp.) wood vs. ∼0.5–2 mm produced from fescue (Festuca arundinaceaSchreb.) grass, herein referred as “powder” and “coarse” biochar, respectively) and their application methods (surface vs. incorporated) on N and P leaching from soils amended with inorganic fertilizer or biosolids. Biochar materials were either mixed throughout columns of soil or surface applied at a 1% (w/w) rate. Columns were periodically leached over 6 mo to attain 138 ml (equivalent to ∼1 pore volume) of drainage in each event (total of ∼16 pore volume of leachate). Biochar materials exhibited modest affinity to retain ammonium (NH4+) but showed no ability to sorb nitrate (NO3–). Powder biochar incorporated throughout the soil reduced cumulative NH4–N, NO3–N, and total N mass leached (average of 25% reduction) relative to control (no biochar) treatments. Biochar materials acted as P sources and were ineffective in reducing leachate P. Biosolids generally resulted in significant lower risk of N and P leaching than inorganic fertilizer. Results suggested biochar ability to retain N and P in soils varies with biochar source, application method, and nutrient source. Biochar type and application method affected N and P dynamics in biosolids or inorganic fertilizer‐amended soils, but understanding the mechanisms requires additional study.
Structurally Nontraditional Bipolar Hosts for RGB Phosphorescent OLEDs: Boosted by a “Butterfly‐Shaped” Medium‐Ring Acceptor
Authors: Ma Weixin , Bin Zhengyang , Yang Ge , Liu Junjie , You Jingsong
Published: January 2022

The emitting layer based on a host–guest system plays a crucial role in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). While emitters have witnessed rapid progress in structural diversity, hosts still rely heavily on traditional structures and are underdeveloped. Herein a “medium‐ring” strategy has been put forward to design structurally nontraditional host molecules, which are not only rotatable enough to suppress close π–π stacking, thus reducing exciton annihilation, but also rigid enough to prevent excessive conformational flipping, thus inhibiting non‐radiative decay. Accordingly, a brand‐new type of bipolar hosts with a twisted “butterfly‐shaped heptagonal acceptor (EtBP), which features an electron‐deficient benzophenone fragment with a flexible ethylidene bridge, has been developed. With satisfactory morphological stability and well‐balanced hole‐ and electron‐transporting properties, the EtBP‐based bipolar hosts enable high‐performance RGB phosphorescent OLEDs with small efficiency roll‐off, which are superior to those of acyclic benzophenone‐based devices.
Gold (I/III)‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylthiolation and Trifluoromethylselenolation of Organohalides
Authors: Mudshinge Sagar R. , Yang Yuhao , Xu Bo , Hammond Gerald B. , Lu Zhichao
Published: January 2022

The first C−SCF3/SeCF3cross‐coupling reactions using gold redox catalysis [(MeDalphos)AuCl], AgSCF3or Me4NSeCF3, and organohalides as substrates are reported. The new methodology enables a one‐stop shop synthesis of aryl/alkenyl/alkynyl trifluoromethylthio‐ and selenoethers with a broad substrate scope (>60 examples with up to 97 % isolated yield). The method is scalable, and its robustness is evidenced by the late‐stage functionalization of various bioactive molecules, which makes this reaction an attractive alternative in the synthesis of trifluoromethylthio‐ and selenoethers for pharmaceutical and agrochemical research and development.
Sol–gel reaction of titanium phosphonate alkoxide cluster
Authors: Tsukagoshi Hayato , Sato Yohei , Yamamoto Kazuki , Hayami Ryohei , Gunji Takahiro
Published: January 2022

The synthesis and properties of titanium phosphonate cluster molecules have been investigated; however, nothing has been done to study not only the catalytic ability of a hydrolyzed cluster but also a behavior of hydrolysis–polycondensation by solvents. The sol–gel reaction of [Ti4(μ3‐O)(OiPr)5(μ‐OiPr)3(O3PPh)3]·thf (Ti4P3Ph) was performed in tetrahydrofuran (THF), toluene, and acetone. The hydrolysis–polycondensation of Ti4P3Ph proceeded in THF and toluene, while Ti4P3Ph in acetone proceeded in two paths (hydrolysis–polycondensation and nonhydrolysis–polycondensation). The hydrolyzed Ti4P3Ph retained its cluster structure, while the calcined Ti4P3Ph at 300°C contained a collapsed cluster structure. The specific surface areas of the hydrolyzed Ti4P3Ph in THF, toluene, and acetone were 154, 302, and 7 m2 g−1, respectively. The photodegradation ability of the hydrolyzed Ti4P3Ph for methylene blue was confirmed by ultraviolet irradiation at 365 nm; however, that of the calcined Ti4P3Ph was not. It was considered that the calcined Ti4P3Ph did not retain its cluster structure. The photocatalytic ability of the hydrolyzed Ti4P3Ph was high in the order of toluene > THF > pristine > acetone. The gels retained cluster structure have higher photocatalytic ability than pristine cluster; however, the gel contained a collapsed cluster structure was found no catalytic ability.
Peroxidase‐like activity of an azamacrocyclic Ni(II) complex
Authors: Cho Jang‐Hoon , Kim Sunghwan , Lee Hong‐In
Published: January 2022

Peroxidase‐like activity of an azamacrocyclic Ni(II) complex, [Ni(II)(DMDAC)]2+ (DMDAC = 1,8‐dimethyl‐1,3,6,8,10,13‐hexaaza‐cyclotetradecane = 1,8‐dimethyl diazacyclam), was investigated by observing the oxidation of 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline)‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS) in the presence of H2O2. UV/Vis and electron paramagnetic resonance spectral changes obtained from the mixture solution of [Ni(II)(DMDAC)](ClO4)2, ABTS, and H2O2 indicated that both ABTS and its oxidized form, ABTS+•, were the substrates of the peroxidase‐like activity of [Ni(II)(DMDAC)]2+. Current work and previously reported experimental and theoretical works on the peroxidase‐like activity of azamacrocyclic Ni(II) complexes suggest that these kind of macrocyclic Ni(II) complexes can generally exhibit peroxidase‐like activity in aqueous solution and the catalytic cycle proceeds through the heterolytic cleavage of the O–OH bond in a Ni(II)‐hydroperoxo species.
Stereoselective Hydrogenation of Platform Molecule α‐Pinene Under Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Fan Haiyan , Zheng Tuo , Liao Xinxi , Sun Mengling , Fu Jile , Zheng Jinbao , Zhang Nuowei , Chen Binghui
Published: January 2022

Stereoselective hydrogenation of α‐pinene over heterogenous catalysts under solvent‐free conditions is promising for biomass conversion but challenging. Herein, we prepared the Ru‐NiO/Hβ catalysts using chemical reduction and galvanic replacement methods. With the increase of Ni content, the selectivity of cis‐pinane was significantly improved. A high conversion of 100 % and a high cis‐pinane selectivity of 98 % were achieved after 4 h reaction at 80 °C. It has been verified that the addition of Ni can adjust the ratio of Brønsted and Lewis acid, regulate the hydrogen spillover between Ru and support, change the adsorption site of substrate and form steric hindrance effect. All these contribute to the better selectivity of the catalyst. In addition, catalysts presented good stability in the 900 h test.
Sustainable silicon anodes facilitated via a double‐layer interface engineering: Inner SiOx combined with outer nitrogen and boron co‐doped carbon
Authors: Zhou Jun , Lu Yao , Yang Lishan , Zhu Wenqiang , Liu Weifang , Yang Yahui , Liu Kaiyu
Published: January 2022

Silicon‐based (Si) materials are promising anodes for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) because of their ultrahigh theoretical capacity of 4200 mA h g−1. However, commercial applications of Si anodes have been hindered by their drastic volume variation (∼300%) and low electrical conductivity. Here, to tackle the drawbacks, a hierarchical Si anode with double‐layer coatings of a SiOx inner layer and a nitrogen (N), boron (B) co‐doped carbon (C–NB) outer layer is elaborately designed by copyrolysis of Si–OH structures and a H3BO3‐doped polyaniline polymer on the Si surface. Compared with the pristine Si anodes (7 mA h g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 340 cycles and 340 mA h g−1 at 5 A g−1), the modified Si‐based materials (Si@SiOx@C–NB nanospheres) present superior cycling stability (reversible 1301 mA h g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 340 cycles) as well as excellent rate capability (690 mA h g−1 at 5 A g−1) when used as anodes in LIBs. The unique double‐layer coating structure, in which the inner amorphous SiOx layer acts as a buffer matrix and the outer defect‐rich carbon enhances the electron diffusion of the whole anode, makes it possible to deliver excellent electrochemical properties. These results indicate that our double‐layer coating strategy is a promising approach not only for the development of sustainable Si anodes but also for the design of multielement‐doped carbon nanomaterials.
Cover crop interseeding effects on aboveground biomass and corn grain yield in western North Dakota
Authors: Antosh Eric , Liebig Mark A. , Archer David W. , Luciano Roberto
Published: January 2022

Core Ideas

Aboveground biomass was greatest when cover crops were planted at the V4 corn stage.

Aboveground biomass of cover crops was modest (260–608 lb acre−1 yr−1).

Interseeded cover crops did not negatively affect corn grain yield.
Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors to Quantify Temperature Non‐Uniformities in Plasmonic Catalyst Beds under Illumination
Authors: Xu Man , den Hartog Tim , Cheng Lun , Wolfs Marciano , Habets Roberto , Rohlfs Jelle , van den Ham Jonathan , Meulendijks Nicole , Sastre Francesc , Buskens Pascal
Published: January 2022

Distinguishing between photothermal and non‐thermal contributions is essential in plasmon catalysis. Use of a tailored optical temperature sensor based on fiber Bragg gratings enabled us to obtain an accurate temperature map of an illuminated plasmonic catalyst bed with high spatiotemporal resolution. Its importance for quantification of the photothermal and non‐thermal contributions to plasmon catalysis is demonstrated using a Ru/Al2O3 catalyst. Upon illumination with LEDs, we measured temperature differences exceeding 50 °C in the top 0.5 mm of the catalyst bed. Furthermore, we discovered differences between the surface temperature and the temperature obtained via conventional thermocouple measurements underneath the catalyst bed exceeding 200 °C at 2.6 W cm−2 light intensity. This demonstrates that accurate multi‐point temperature measurements are a prerequisite for a correct interpretation of catalysis results of light‐powered chemical reactions obtained with plasmonic catalysts.
The impact of green innovation on manufacturing small and medium enterprises corporate social responsibility fulfillment: The moderating role of regional environmental regulation
Authors: Yu Feifei , Jiang Dong , Wang Teng
Published: January 2022

Researchers have found that small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are also socially responsible, but corporate social responsibility (CSR) literature has been predominantly examined of larger enterprises. Besides, SMEs experience mo re difficulty than larger enterprises in CSR fulfillment. Based on resource‐based theory and green innovation theory, this paper contributes to CSR literature by examining the impact of SMEs’ green innovation on their CSR and the moderating roles of governmental regulations. By analyzing the questionnaire data from 269 manufacturing SMEs, we empirically find that: (1) There is an inverse U‐shaped curve between green innovation and manufacturing SMEs CSR; (2) Command‐and‐control environmental regulations and market‐based environmental regulations both have a moderating effect on the relationship between green innovation and manufacturing SMEs CSR fulfillment. The conclusions can effectively guide the executives of SMEs to fulfill their CSR and guide the formulation of relevant environmental policies for local government.
An atlas of dynamic peripheral blood mononuclear cell landscapes in human perioperative anaesthesia/surgery
Authors: Wang Yang‐Yang , Chang En‐Qiang , Zhu Rui‐Lou , Liu Xiao‐Zhuan , Wang Guang‐Zhi , Li Ning‐Tao , Zhang Wei , Zhou Jun , Wang Xiang‐Dong , Sun Ming‐Yang , Zhang Jia‐Qiang
Published: January 2022

Background

The number of patients receiving anaesthesia is increasing, but the impact of general anaesthesia on the patient's immune system remains unclear. The aim of the present study is to investigate dynamics of systemic immune cell responses to anaesthesia during perioperative period at a single‐cell solution.

Methods

The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and clinical phenomes were harvested and recorded 1 day before anaesthesia and operation, just after anaesthesia (0 h), and 24 and 48 h after anaesthesia. Single‐cell sequencing of PBMCs was performed with 10× genomics. Subsequently, data analysis was performed with R packages: Seurat, clusterProfiler and CellPhoneDB.

Results

We found that the cluster of CD56+ NK cells changed at 0 h and the cluster of monocytes increased at 24 and 48 h after anaesthesia. The characteristic genes of CD56+ NK cells were mainly enriched in the Jak‐STAT signalling pathway and in cell adhesion molecules (24 h) and carbon metabolism (48 h). The communication between CD14+ monocytes and other cells decreased substantially 0 and 48 h after operation. The number of plasma cells enriched in protein export in men was substantially higher than that in women, although the total number in patients decreased 24 h after operation. CD14+ monocytes dominated that cell‐cell communications appeared in females, while CD8+ NKT cells dominated that cell‐cell communications appeared in male. The number of plasma cells increased substantially in patients with major surgical trauma, with enrichments of pentose phosphate pathway. The communications between plasma cells with other cells varied between surgical severities and anaesthetic forms. The intravenous anaesthesia caused major alterations of cell types, including CD14+ monocytes, plasmas cells and MAIT cells, as compared with inhalation anaesthesia.

Conclusion

We initially reported the roles of perioperative anaesthesia/surgery in temporal phenomes of circulating immune cells at a single‐cell solution. Thus, the protection against immune cell changes would benefit the recovery from anaesthesia/surgery.
Automated online dried blood spot sample preparation and detection of anabolic steroid esters for sports drug testing
Authors: Jing Jing , Shan Yuanhong , Liu Zhao , Yan Hui , Xiang Ping , Chen Peijie , Xu Xin
Published: January 2022

Dried blood spots (DBSs) provide a valuable complementary sample matrix for routine doping analysis, and the full automation of analysis for DBS samples is achievable to avoid extensive and repetitive manual laboratory work. In the current study, a fully automated online DBS preparation and detection method for the screening and quantification analysis of 13 anabolic steroid esters by means of the DBSA‐TLX‐HRMS system was developed and validated, based on the purpose for the determination of the abuse of anabolic steroid esters in athletes. Validation of the method yielded linear (R2 > 0.99), precise, and accurate (RSD% and Re% < 20% at low, medium, and high concentration levels) results. The LOD of testosterone laurate was established at 0.5 ng/ml and at 0.2 ng/ml for other steroid esters. The extraction recovery of the target compounds from DBS ranged from 10.5% to 88.9%, and matrix effects were moderate. Furthermore, the developed and validated method was applied in the analysis of DBS samples collected after the oral administration of a single dose of 80 mg testosterone undecanoate demonstrating its applicability. Evaluation of analyte stability showed that testosterone undecanoate are more stable (8 weeks) in DBS samples of administration study when stored in frozen (−20°C) condition compared with cold storage (4°C). Collectively, these findings demonstrate the applicability of automated DBS analysis in doping control for detection of anabolic steroid esters.
Conformational Analysis and Through‐Chain Charge Propagation in Ferrocenyl‐Conjugated Homopeptides of 2,3‐Diaminopropionic acid (Dap)
Authors: Biondi Barbara , Bisello Annalisa , Cardena Roberta , Schiesari Renato , Facci Martino , Cerveson Laura , Rancan Marzio , Formaggio Fernando , Santi Saverio
Published: January 2022

This work reports a detailed conformational and electrochemical study of two series of ferrocene (Fc)‐peptide conjugates, based on the side‐chain protected, 2,3‐diaminopropionic acid (L−Dap). In one series Fc is linked to the N‐terminus, in the other to the C‐terminus of the Dap homo‐peptides. The conformational analysis carried out in solution (IR absorption and NMR) and in the crystal state (X‐ray diffraction) suggests that these peptides adopt a 310‐helical structure. Cyclic voltammetry showed that the peptide length positively or negatively affects the oxidation potential of Fc. The two opposite trends are correlated to the different orientation of the macrodipole moment of the 310‐helix in the two series with respect to the position of the Fc group in the chain. Finally, the variation of the IR absorptions upon chemical oxidation indicates that our 310‐helical conjugates are very efficient in transferring the positive charge along the peptides through the H‐bond network.
Circular RNA hsa_circ_0000285 regulates the microRNA‐599/G‐protein subunit gamma 12 (miR‐599/GNG12) axis to promote glioma progression
Authors: Liu Fei , Duan Chen , Han Ya
Published: January 2022

Objective

Glioma is the most common, rapidly progressing, lethal brain tumor. However, underlying mechanisms behind its abnormal progression remain largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate mechanism of action and effects of the hsa_circ_0000285 on glioma progression.

Methods

RT‐qPCR was utilized to study RNA expression in glioma tissues and cell lines. The effects of hsa_circ_0000285 on glioma progression were studied by measuring cell proliferation and migration, apoptosis, tumor volume and weight in both glioma cells and xenograft glioma mice. The features of hsa_circ_0000285 were identified using chromatin fractionation and RNase digestion. Its mechanism of action was analyzed using bioinformatics, RNA‐binding protein immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter assay.

Results

We found glioma tissues and cell lines were overexpressing hsa_circ_0000285. While hsa_circ_0000285 promoted cell proliferation and migration, it inhibited apoptosis in vitro. It also increased tumor volume and weight in vivo. Using bioinformatic analysis and verification experiments for studying its mechanisms, we confirmed that hsa_circ_0000285 sponged miR‐599, which negatively regulated GNG12 by binding to its mRNA.

Conclusion

Hsa_circ_0000285 is overexpressed in the glioma and promotes its progression by directly regulating the miR‐599/GNG12 axis. This novel mechanism, therefore, shows that the hsa_circ_0000285/miR‐599/GNG12 axis may be a promising therapeutic target for glioma treatment.
A simple and efficient approach for the clickability of super‐bulky aryl azides
Authors: Adinarayana Mannem , Siddhant Kumar , Vaddamanu Moulali , Sathyanarayana Arruri , Rengan Aravind Kumar , Hisano Kyohei , Tsutsumi Osamu , Prabusankar Ganesan
Published: January 2022

The new super bulky 2‐benzhydryl‐4,6‐dimethyl azide (2) was synthesized and used in click reaction for the synthesis of super‐bulky 1‐(2‐benzhydryl‐4,6‐dimethylphenyl)‐4‐phenyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐traizole (3). Further, the 1‐(2‐benzhydral‐4,6‐dimethylphenyl)‐3‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐traizol‐3‐ium iodide (4) was isolated from the reaction between 3 and methyl iodide. These molecules were examined by FT‐IR, TGA, CHN analysis, (1H and 13C) multinuclear NMR, UV–Vis, fluorescence, and SCXRD techniques. Molecules 2 and 3 depict the CH····π intermolecular interactions, while 4 exhibits a rare intermolecular I····HC(sp2) interactions (2.821 Å). The thermal stability of new super bulky triazole (3) and triazolium salt (4) was further exhibited by thermogravimetric analysis. The photophysical properties were investigated.
SARS‐CoV‐2 intralineage variation and temporal patterns of COVID‐19 risk factors in three cities of southeastern Brazil: Age, sex, and race
Authors: Eterovic André , Sperança Márcia Aparecida , de Campos Ivana Barros , Colpas Daniela Rodrigues , Rodart Itatiana Ferreira , Carmo Andréia Moreira dos Santos , de Mattos Elaine Cristina , Daros Vilma dos Santos Menezes Gaiotto , Cergole‐Novella Maria Cecilia
Published: January 2022

The Santo André Regional Center from Adolfo Lutz Institute evaluated 91 537 samples by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) from March 2020 to April 2021. The age, sex, and race of patients from three cities in southeastern Brazil, namely São Bernardo do Campo (SBC), Diadema, and Mauá were assessed in association to the rate of positive results using generalized linear models. Circulating lineages were obtained from GISAID and intralineage genetic variation was investigated employing Lasergene software. A declining number of reported cases around October to November 2020 separate two epidemic waves in the three cities. Mauá differed by the highest positive RT‐PCR scores in January and February. GISAID classification of 38 SARS‐CoV‐2 complete genomic sequences showed the circulation of lineages P.1, B.1.1.28, P.2, B.1.1.332; P.1, P.2, B.1.1.28, B.1.1.33; and P.1, P.2 in SBC, Diadema and Mauá, respectively. Intralineage variation revealed a significant amino‐acid substitution in the ORF3a encoding protein (A33S) present in four out of six (67%) P.1 Mauá isolates. As ORF3a encodes a nonselective Ca2+permeable cation channel, supposed to interfere in airway homeostasis, specific mutations could increase its pathogenic effect resulting in a higher number of symptomatic individuals explaining why the second wave was more intense in Mauá city.
Bio‐engineering of microalgae: Challenges and future prospects toward industrial and environmental applications
Authors: Muthukrishnan Lakshmipathy
Published: January 2022

Microalgae are complex metabolic machineries whose potential has been continuously tapped for wide range of applications. Their suboptimal biomass yield and bioactives production remain the mainstay for their commercialization. To surpass the limitations, genetic engineering and its decisive role in strain improvement have led to the enhancement of quality and yield of products. Meanwhile, the sporadic use of genetic engineering tools specifically toward microalgal strains has limited their applicability. In this context, this article was mainly prepared to highlight the characteristics of microalgae and the introduction of omics approach for the improvement of strain for biorefinery processes. Furthermore, genome editing and gene‐interfering tools to augment algal research using reference strains have been described. The progress made by genetic engineering in editing a gene using CRISPR‐Cas9 and metabolic engineering of microalgae for biofuel production and CO2 sequestration have been critically reviewed. As a futuristic alternative, the transgenic microalgae would compete with the existing resources reducing the dependency on fossil fuel in terms of cost, energy production, and efficacy.
Systematic investigation on anode etching residue widely generated in manufacturing of low‐temperature polycrystalline‐Si active matrix organic light‐emitting diode
Authors: Jin Yu , Ao Wei , Liu Bin , Lu Yunlei , Li Lei , Xi Wangfeng , Jiang Jijun , Ma Mingdong , Hu Fei , Fu Dongzhi , Wang Dongping , Wang Enlai , Jiang Song
Published: January 2022

Etching residue is a kind of thorny technological issue in the manufacturing of flat panel. In this work, we report on a systematic investigation on anode etching residue which is widely generated in the manufacturing of low temperature polycrystalline Si‐active matrix organic light emitting diode (LTPS‐AMOLED). Firstly, we proposed three kinds of residue formation mechanisms, including the Bernoulli equation‐based dynamic process, as well as two other situations caused by absence of electrochemical accelerated reaction and organic residue in preprocessing, respectively. Then, residue related failure model of product defects was clarified and considered to give rise to ~3.1% product yield loss owing to the related phenomenon named dark line. Finally, we provided three solutions based on the formation mechanism and failure model, and superior process and design implementation conditions were obtained with detailed experimental verifications, which can be promising methods to solve other related issues in the manufacturing to bring cost down.
Cerium citrate as ecologically friendly corrosion inhibitor for AA7075 alloy
Authors: Marunkić Dunja , Pejić Jovanka , Jegdić Bore , Marinković Aleksandar , Radojković Bojana
Published: January 2022

The corrosion behaviour of high‐strength AA7075 aluminium alloy in NaCl solution, without and in the presence of environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors (Ce‐chloride and Ce‐citrate) in low concentrations (<0.5 mM), was analysed. The degree of precipitation of the solid solution of AA7075 alloy was determined by measuring the electrical conductivity, while the surface morphology and appearance of intermetallic compounds before and after corrosion testing were analysed by SEM/EDS method. The general corrosion resistance of the tested alloy in NaCl solution and the degree of the inhibitory effect of the corrosion inhibitors were determined on the basis of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization measurements, while resistance to pit formation on the bases of Epit. AA7075 alloy showed high resistance to general corrosion in the presence of both tested inhibitors, while resistance to pit formation was significantly higher in the presence of Ce‐citrate (concentration 0.5 mM). Also, Ce‐citrate present in NaCl solution at lower concentrations provides satisfactory resistance of AA7075 alloy to general and pitting corrosion. A mechanism of protective action of Ce‐citrate inhibitor has been proposed.
Implementation of an accurate method for the analysis and simulation of electrical R‐L circuits
Authors: Adel Mohamed , Srivastava Hari M. , Khader Mohamed M.
Published: January 2022

In this study, we propose to introduce and apply an accurate numerical procedure to solve the mathematical model of fractional order, which describes the electrical circuits composed of resistors and inductors (RL) driven by a voltage of the current source. Our research is based on the spectral collocation method, which utilizes the advantageous characteristics of the third‐order Chebyshev polynomials. Some convergence analysis and error theorems are presented. The proposed research concludes by comparing the approximate solutions obtained for the considered model to the exact solution obtained in the classical case. The derived conclusions are further subjected to illustrative graphical and numerical examinations.
Optimal convergence rates for Galerkin approximation of operator Riccati equations
Authors: Burns John A. , Cheung James
Published: January 2022

In this paper we consider the problem of determining optimal convergence rates of Galerkin approximations to infinite dimensional operator Riccati equations (OREs). Optimal rates are obtained for a class of abstract distributed parameter systems evolving in an infinite dimensional Hilbert space. These general results are then applied to systems modeled by partial differential equations that generate compact and analytic semigroups. The estimates apply to distributed control and observation of classical parabolic equations and to certain vibration problems with sufficiently strong damping. The ORE is formulated as an equivalent operator‐valued Bochner integral equation and the Brezzi–Rappaz–Raviart theorem is used to obtain convergence rates. First we establish smoothing property and bounds for the solutions of the infinite dimensional ORE. Then it is shown that, under sui\ assumptions on the coefficients and domain geometry, the hp‐finite element approximations of the classical solution converges on the order of . Furthermore, these optimal error bounds are shown to hold for the functional gains that define observer and control gain operators. We provide numerical examples that corroborate the theoretical convergence rates.
An evaluation of commercial banks performance in Pakistan: A comparative analysis
Authors: Khan Fahad Najeeb , Shaheen Riffat , Waheed Ajmal , Arshad Muhammad Usman
Published: January 2022

This study examines the efficiency level of public, private, and foreign banks in Pakistan during 2014–2017 in order to identify the most efficient type of banks on the basis of ownership. The study uses data envelopment analysis methodology. Findings indicate that the efficiency of private and public banks is satisfactory, but they are not fully efficient and there is a scope for improvement in the performance of these banks. The private and public sector banks are equally efficient. Results further show that foreign banks are very efficient and can be used as a benchmark for public and private banks in Pakistan.
Fetal echocardiographic markers to differentiate between a right and double aortic arch
Authors: Van Poppel Milou P. M. , Zidere Vita , Simpson John M. , Vigneswaran Trisha V.
Published: January 2022

Objectives

To describe the fetal echocardiographic features of a double aortic arch (DAA) and secondly, to assess the performance of these features to differentiate between a right aortic arch with left duct (RAA‐LD) in a blinded cohort of vascular rings.

Methods

Review of records to identify surgically confirmed cases of DAA diagnosed prenatally from 2014 to 2018 (cohort‐A). Prenatal echocardiograms were reviewed and the segments of the aortic arches anterior and posterior to the trachea, aortic isthmuses and the presence/absence of the Z‐sign were described. The utility of these markers were assessed in a separate cohort (B) of fetuses with surgically confirmed cases of DAA or RAA‐LD.

Results

Cohort‐A comprised 34 cases with DAA; there was a dominant RAA in 32/34 (94%) and balanced left aortic arch (LAA) and RAA in two cases. The proximal LAA was seen in 29/34 (85%), distal LAA in 15/34 (44%) and the LAA aortic isthmus in 4/34 (12%). The “Z” configuration was present in 29/34 (85%) cases. The most predictive marker for DAA in cohort‐B was the Z‐sign (sensitivity: 100%, specificity: 81%).

Conclusion

The “Z” sign is a useful differentiator between RAA‐LD and DAA. The absence of visualization of the left aortic isthmus does not preclude the presence of a DAA.
How does the Untire app alleviate cancer‐related fatigue? A longitudinal mediation analysis
Authors: Spahrkäs Simon S. , Looijmans Anne , Sanderman Robbert , Hagedoorn Mariët
Published: January 2022

Objective

A waiting‐list randomized controlled trial supported the effectiveness of the multimodal Untire app in reducing cancer‐related fatigue (CRF) in cancer patients and survivors. However, little is known about the causal mechanisms of different app components through which the intervention effect was achieved. We aim to examine whether specifically targeted factors (i.e., fatigue catastrophizing, depression, mindfulness, sleep, and physical activity) mediated the intervention effects of the Untire app on fatigue outcomes.

Methods

Seven hundred ninety‐nine persons with CRF were randomized (2:1) into intervention (n = 519) and waiting‐list control (n = 280) groups. Self‐report data on the primary outcome fatigue severity and interference and the abovementioned potential mediators were collected at baseline and 12 weeks. Participants who completed the 12‐week assessment were included in the analyses (intervention = 159; control = 176). We performed longitudinal multi‐categorical multiple mediation analysis using PROCESS macro to examine whether the potential mediators explained the overall intervention effects.

Results

Improvements in fatigue catastrophizing (bootstrap 95% CI (−0.110; −0.011)), depression (bootstrap 95% CI (−0.082; −0.004)), and mindfulness (bootstrap 95% CI (−0.082; −0.002)), significantly mediated the intervention effect on fatigue severity, whereas sleep quality (bootstrap 95% CI (−0.081; 0.009)), sleep disturbance (bootstrap 95% CI (−0.038; 0.029)), and physical activity (bootstrap 95% CI (−0.068; 0.000)) did not. Similar associations were found for fatigue interference.

Conclusions

Untire app access reduces fatigue severity and interference mainly by decreasing fatigue catastrophizing, depression, and by increasing mindfulness. Supporting these psychological mechanisms is crucial for reducing fatigue among cancer patients and survivors.
Disparities in tracheostomies and gastrostomy tubes in infants at the edge of viability
Authors: Elgendy Marwa M. , Aly Hany , Adisa Afeez , Mohamed Mohamed A.
Published: January 2022

Objectives

To assess trends of clinical practice of tracheostomy and gastrostomy tube (G‐tube) placement over a 25‐year period and to assess the association of both procedures with outcomes in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants (<1000 g).

Methods

We reviewed and analyzed data obtained from the National Inpatient Sample dataset from 1993 to 2018. ELBW infants who received a tracheostomy and or G‐tube were included. Regression analysis was performed to assess the association of tracheostomy and/or G‐tube placement with mortality after controlling for confounding variables.

Results

A total of 620,061 ELBW infants were identified in the weighted sample. Of them, 221,339 were included. G‐tube was placed on 4867 (2.2%) infants, tracheostomy was placed on 1788 (0.8%) infants, and both procedures were placed on 1026 (0.46%). Mortality was highest (26.9%) in infants who received tracheostomy only and lowest (5.5%) in those who had G‐tube only and (17.8%) in those who had both procedures with adjusted odds ratios of 7.1 (6.3–7.9), 0.7 (0.6–0.8), and 3.7 (3.1–4.4), respectively. The length of stay (LOS) was highest with the combined procedure (219 ± 171), and lowest in the nonintervention group (88 ± 57). The trend of G‐tube placement has increased over the years (p < 0.01) but tracheostomy placement has decreased over time.

Conclusion

Tracheostomy is associated with increased mortality in ELBW infants and increased LOS in survivors whereas the placement of both tracheostomy and G‐tube is independently associated with decreased mortality. Prospective studies are needed to assess the relationship between clinical presentation, the timing of the procedure, and outcomes.