bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coumarin‐based fluorescent sensors
Authors: Khan Danish , Shaily
Published: May 2023

The application of coumarin probes as chemosensors for the detection of various species has been broadly explored in recent ages because of their exclusive optical photophysical presentation. The present review especially emphasizes the mechanism involved in the recognition of various vital species through coumarin probes and highlights the current developments in the design of such types of coumarin chemosensors. We also draw attention to the application of the concern protocol and shortfalls of reported coumarin‐based fluorescent probes and express our standpoint on future progress in this arena. We are optimistic that the present review can be explored not only as a reference guide for novices but conjointly as a compass of these fields and contribute to cracking more brilliant and meaningful moieties for biological and chemical researchers.
Optimized assay for the measurement of caspase‐1 expression, release, and activity in murine macrophages
Authors: Börmel Lisa , Kluge Stefan , Liao Sijia , Schubert Tina , Lorkowski Stefan , Wallert Maria
Published: May 2023

Caspase‐1 is a central component of the cellular inflammatory response, in particular with respect to its key role in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Activation of caspase‐1 ensures the cleavage and release of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐18, as well as the initiation of pyroptosis, that is a distinct form of programmed cell death. Hence, a wide‐ranging analysis of caspase‐1 in cellular systems is of special interest. To meet this requirement, we improved a commercial luminescence‐based caspase‐1 activity assay and combined it with the determination of the expression and release of caspase‐1 protein, using murine J774A.1 macrophages as a model system for in vitro studies. The presented assay procedure offers additional options over commercially available caspase‐1 activity assays as it allows for: (i) The simultaneous analysis of caspase‐1 activity and protein expression (both intracellular as well as secreted protein in supernatant) out of the same cell sample. (ii) A more economical use of valuable compounds and materials and improves the informative value of each measurement, since all results are generated from the same cell sample. Our optimized assay is therefore suitable for an efficient and reliable screening of modulatory effects of compounds of interest at various regulatory stages of the caspase‐1 system.
Disruption of transmission of plant pathogens in the insect order Hemiptera using recent advances in RNA interference biotechnology
Authors: Niebres Charlene , Alviar Karen B.
Published: May 2023

The review discusses current RNA interference (RNAi) biotechnological innovations for crop protection. Special attention is given to the management of insect pests in the order Hemiptera. This insect order has the most members of insects which transmit pathogens on economically important crops. It first briefly summarizes the characteristics of the insects in this order and the type of transmission mechanisms for viral and bacterial plant pathogens. RNAi products developed for other insects are also analyzed. Emphasis was made on the need for innovative management approaches to offset the threat of resistance by both the insect vector to insecticides and the pathogens to microbicides. Subsequently, the RNAi technology is described, which is particularly an ingenious method currently utilized in itself or in combination with other modern biotechnological innovations for managing important vector insects that could provide an additional powerful tool for use in integrated pest control programs. The requirements and recent advances for performing RNAi assays are detailed and an overview is given on how to produce cheaper double‐stranded RNA as the main component of RNAi‐based biopesticide. Examples of agricultural companies that use RNAi biotechnology in their product development were also discussed.
Aptamer‐functionalized quantum dots as theranostic nanotools against cancer and bacterial infections: A comprehensive overview of recent trends
Authors: Davodabadi Fatemeh , Mirinejad Shekoufeh , Fathi‐Karkan Sonia , Majidpour Mahdi , Ajalli Narges , Sheervalilou Roghayeh , Sargazi Saman , Rozmus Dominika , Rahdar Abbas , Diez‐Pascual Ana M.
Published: May 2023

Aptamers (Apts) are synthetic nucleic acid ligands that can be engineered to target various molecules, including amino acids, proteins, and pharmaceuticals. Through a series of adsorption, recovery, and amplification steps, Apts are extracted from combinatorial libraries of synthesized nucleic acids. Using aptasensors in bioanalysis and biomedicine can be improved by combining them with nanomaterials. Moreover, Apt‐associated nanomaterials, including liposomes, polymeric, dendrimers, carbon nanomaterials, silica, nanorods, magnetic NPs, and quantum dots (QDs), have been widely used as promising nanotools in biomedicine. Following surface modifications and conjugation with appropriate functional groups, these nanomaterials can be successfully used in aptasensing. Advanced biological assays can use Apts immobilized on QD surfaces through physical interaction and chemical bonding. Accordingly, modern QD aptasensing platforms rely on interactions between QDs, Apts, and targets to detect them. QD‐Apt conjugates can be used to directly detect prostate, ovarian, colorectal, and lung cancers or simultaneously detect biomarkers associated with these malignancies. Tenascin‐C, mucin 1, prostate‐specific antigen, prostate‐specific membrane antigen, nucleolin, growth factors, and exosomes are among the cancer biomarkers that can be sensitively detected using such bioconjugates. Furthermore, Apt‐conjugated QDs have shown great potential for controlling bacterial infections such as Bacillus thuringiensis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Campylobacter jejuni, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhimurium. This comprehensive review discusses recent advancements in the design of QD‐Apt bioconjugates and their applications in cancer and bacterial theranostics.
Teaching Fourier series with tone experiments based on smartphone applications
Authors: Wang Chau‐Shing
Published: May 2023

This study proposes a tone experiment using multiple smartphones or tablets to assist Fourier series teaching combined with a pedagogical strategy of the Visible Thinking framework. Fourier analysis is widely applied in many fields; therefore, it is an important subject in many professional courses of colleges, especially in engineering. While Fourier analysis is the core theoretical foundation of various experimental techniques, undergraduate courses often teach Fourier analysis from a mathematical perspective, leaving students with little intuition about how Fourier analysis works. The proposed tone experiment requires teamwork for students to manipulate smartphones to synthesize harmonic tones to simulate a periodic wave so that students can intuitively understand the physical meaning of the Fourier series formula. In addition, we conducted a pedagogical study on this course to evaluate the effects. The proposed method successfully improved the learning outcomes of beginner students and reduced the anxiety associated with learning Fourier analysis. Compared with the class that did not use the proposed tone experiment, the quiz scores improved by an average of 3.77 points. The students gave positive feedback and comments on the proposed experiments and teaching methods.
SeTGAN: Semantic‐text guided face image generation
Authors: Wei Ran , Wang Pengjie
Published: May 2023

In this article, we propose a method to jointly control face image generation through semantic segmentation maps and text. Existing semantic segmentation maps lack detailed face attributes such as beards, and it is difficult to explicitly represent the gender of the target person by virtue of the semantic maps. State‐of‐the‐art face image generation methods guided by semantic segmentation maps mostly solved this by introducing the original image for supervision, which cannot accurately control the detailed attributes of the target face. At the same time, the text‐guided image generation method perform poorly in controlling the front and side of the face pose. Therefore, we propose an idea that the semantic segmentation map controls the coarse content of the target image and the text controls the fine details of the target image. Through the well‐designed mapping network and content mixing mechanism, the model in this article flexibly draws on the advantages of the two modes, and can generate high‐resolution images that are diverse, high‐quality, and more faithful to the target in detail attributes than most of previous methods. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method in terms of accuracy and fidelity.
Tethered Ribosomes: Toward the Synthesis of Nonproteinogenic Polymers in Bacteria
Authors: Stan Andreea , Mayer Clemens
Published: May 2023

The ribosome is the core element of the translational apparatus and displays unrivaled fidelity and efficiency in the synthesis of long polymers with defined sequences and diverse compositions. Repurposing ribosomes for the assembly of nonproteinogenic (bio)polymers is an enticing prospect with implications for fundamental science, bioengineering and synthetic biology alike. Here, we review tethered ribosomes, which feature inseparable large and small subunits that can be evolved for novel function without interfering with native translation. Following a tutorial summary of ribosome structure, function, and biogenesis, we introduce design and optimization strategies for the creation of orthogonal and tethered ribosomes. We also highlight studies, in which (rational) engineering efforts of these designer ribosomes enabled the evolution of new functions. Lastly, we discuss future prospects and challenges that remain for the ribosomal synthesis of tailor‐made (bio)polymers.
Identifying important questions for Cochrane systematic reviews in Eyes and Vision: Report of a priority setting exercise
Authors: Evans Jennifer R. , Gordon Iris , Azuara‐Blanco Augusto , Bowen Michael , Braithwaite Tasanee , Crosby‐Nwaobi Roxanne , Gichuhi Stephen , Hogg Ruth E. , Li Tianjing , Minogue Virginia , Parker Roses , Rowe Fiona J. , Shah Anupa , Virgili Gianni , Ramke Jacqueline , Lawrenson John G. ,   Cochrane Eyes and Vision Priority Setting Group Authorship
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Systematic reviews are important to inform decision‐making for evidence‐based health care and patient choice. Deciding which reviews should be prioritized is a key issue for decision‐makers and researchers. Cochrane Eyes and Vision conducted a priority setting exercise for systematic reviews in eye health care.

Methods

We established a steering group including practitioners, patient organizations, and researchers. To identify potential systematic review questions, we searched global policy reports, research prioritization exercises, guidelines, systematic review databases, and the Cochrane Library (CENTRAL). We grouped questions into separate condition lists and conducted a two‐round online modified Delphi survey, including a ranking request. Participants in the survey were recruited through social media and the networks of the steering group.

Results

In Round 1, 343 people ranked one or more of the condition lists. Participants were eye care practitioners (69%), researchers (37%), patients or carers (24%), research providers/funders (5%), or noneye health care practitioners (4%) and from all World Health Organization regions. Two hundred twenty‐six people expressed interest in completing Round 2 and 160 of these (71%) completed the Round 2 survey. Reviews on cataract and refractive error, reviews relevant to children, and reviews on rehabilitation were considered to have an important impact on the magnitude of disease and equity. Narrative comments emphasized the need for reviews on access to eye health care, particularly for underserved groups, including people with intellectual disabilities.

Conclusion

A global group of stakeholders prioritized questions on the effective and equitable delivery of services for eye health care. When considering the impact of systematic reviews in terms of reducing the burden of eye conditions, equity is clearly an important criterion to consider in priority‐setting exercises.
How does demand uncertainty from climate change exposure affect the firms' cost structures? Examining the real effects of climate change on the firms' operational decisions
Authors: Kim Natalie Kyung Won , Choi Sera , Jung Taejin , Park Sohee
Published: May 2023

This article explores how climate change exposure affects the firms' cost structures. We use Sautner et al.'s (2023) measure of firm‐level climate change exposure based on earnings conference calls of publicly‐listed U.S. companies from 2002 to 2020 to capture both the opportunities and threats brought about by climate change and understand the comprehensive impact of climate change on the firms' cost structure decisions. Prior literature has documented that firms strategically alter their cost structure when demand is uncertain and firms are concerned about unusually high or low demand realizations. We build on this prior literature and find that firms exposed to climate change adopt a more rigid cost structure with a higher proportion of fixed costs. Our findings suggest that firms perceive higher congestion costs from unusually high demand realizations caused by long‐term climate change. We find that the effect of climate change exposure on cost rigidity is more pronounced for firms with more positive demand expectations and firms in more competitive product markets. Lastly, we find that investors react positively to the rigid cost structure of firms exposed to climate change. Overall, this article sheds light on the real effects of climate change on the firms' operational decisions.
An ultra‐low power and energy‐efficient ternary Half‐Adder based on unary operators and two ternary 3:1 multiplexers in 32‐nm GNRFET technology
Authors: Abbasian Erfan , Orouji Maedeh , Taghipour Anvari Sana , Asadi Alireza , Mahmoodi Ehsan
Published: May 2023

Internet‐of‐Things (IoTs)‐based embedded systems require energy‐efficient designs for long‐term operation. To achieve energy‐efficient designs, multiple‐valued logic (MVL) circuits and graphene nanoribbon field‐effect transistors (GNRFETs) are used instead of binary logic circuits and complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS), respectively. This paper presents a novel ultra‐low power and energy‐efficient ternary Half‐Adder (THA) circuit based on unary operators, two power supplies (dual‐VDD), VDD and VDD/2, and two ternary 3:1 multiplexers in 32 nm GNRFET technology. The superiority of the proposed design are improvements between 2.86% and 60% in transistor count, between 86.12% and 97.15% in power consumption, and between 58.14% and 98.39% in power‐delay‐product (PDP) compared to existing THA circuits. Moreover, the proposed THA circuit is also implemented with 32 nm carbon nanotube field‐effect transistors (CNTFETs). Simulation results indicate that the proposed GNRFET‐based THA circuit increases delay by 1.74 × and reduces power/PDP by 89.41%/81.63% compared to its CNTFET‐based counterpart.
Photolytic Decarbonylation of Oxalyl Diisothiocyanate in Solid Argon Matrices tosyn‐antiCarbonyl Diisothiocyanate and Its Isomerization
Authors: Pfeiffer Jonathan , Wagner J. Philipp , Tambornino Frank
Published: May 2023

Oxalyl diisothiocyanate, ((CO)NCS)2, has been studied in solid argon matrices at 4.2 K with the aid of infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The spectra show mainly signals attributed to the most stableanti‐anticonformer, which is corroborated by comparison to computed anharmonic fundamental IR transitions. Upon irradiation with 254 nm UV light, oxalyl diisothiocyanate eliminates carbon monoxide under formation of carbonyl diisothiocyanate, CO(NCS)2. This reaction is only slightly exothermic by 0.4 kcal mol−1at the DLPNO‐CCSD(T)/def2‐QZVPP//B3LYP‐D3/def2‐TZVPP level of theory. Remarkably, photolysis produces mostly the less stablesyn‐anticonformer of carbonyl diisothiocyanate. Subsequent annealing at 30 K for two minutes results in a structural relaxation to the 0.7 kcal mol−1more stablesyn‐synconformer confirming a low torsional barrier height between the isomers.
Investigating exhaust gas emissions of yachts: Example of Turgutreis D‐Marin
Authors: Danaci Mehmet , Yildirim Umut
Published: May 2023

Yachts emit harmful gases to human health and the environment into the atmosphere and marinas and surrounding vicinity are the most affected regions by these pollutants. This study applied a bottom‐up approach involving emission factors to make an anthropogenic emissions inventory of yachts and to offer solutions for reducing emissions by investigating the NMVOC, NOx, NH3, CO, and PM emissions from 2002 yacht movements between June 1 and August 31, 2019 at Turgutreis D‐Marin in Bodrum Turkey. These emissions are categorized based on yacht operation modes and types. Quarterly yachting emissions are estimated as 3099 tons for NMVOC, 0.003 tons for NH3, 14,526 tons for NOx, 1896 tons for PM, and 15,576 tons for CO.
Environmental Effects of Surfactant-Free Silver Nanoparticles on Enzyme Activities, Bacterial Diversity, and Soil Function
Authors: Wu Lingli , Ye Yixing , Cai Yunyu , Ma Yao , Fan Ting , Liang Changhao
Published: May 2023

The effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on the soil environment have attracted considerable research attention. Previous studies mainly focused on agent-coated Ag NPs, which inevitably introduce additional disturbance of chemical agents to the intrinsic property of Ag NPs. We investigated the environmental effects induced by pure surfactant-free Ag NPs (SF-Ag NPs), including soil enzyme activities (urease, sucrase, phosphatase, and β-glucosidase), bacterial community structure, and functional profile, over different exposure periods in the present study. The results indicated that these enzymes, especially urease and phosphatases, exhibit different responses to SF-Ag NPs and are more susceptible to SF-Ag NPs than other enzymes. Surfactant-free Ag NPs can also induce a decrease in bacterial diversity and a change of bacterial community structure. The abundance of SF-Ag NPs in Proteobacteria increased, but decreased in Acidobacteria after 14 days of exposure. Moreover, the abundance of genus Cupriavidus was significantly higher than those of the respective controls. By contrast, SF-Ag NP exposure for 30 days could attenuate these negative effects. The phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) prediction revealed that SF-Ag NPs exert a negligible effect on bacterial function, thereby suggesting that functional redundancy is conduced to bacterial community tolerance to SF-Ag NPs. These findings will help us further understand the environmental toxicity of Ag NPs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1685–1695. © 2023 SETAC
Evaluation of the prognostic value of computed tomography‐derived body composition in patients undergoing endovascular aneurysm repair
Authors: Bradley Nicholas A. , Walter Amy , Dolan Ross , Wilson Alasdair , Siddiqui Tamim , Roxburgh Campbell S.D. , McMillan Donald C. , Guthrie Graeme J.K.
Published: May 2023

Background

Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is the most common mode of repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) in the UK. EVAR ranges from standard infrarenal repair to complex fenestrated and branched EVAR (F/B‐EVAR). Sarcopenia is defined by lower muscle mass and function, which is associated with inferior perioperative outcomes. Computed tomography‐derived body composition analysis offers prognostic value in patients with cancer. Several authors have evaluated the role of body composition analysis in predicting outcomes in patients undergoing EVAR; however, the evidence base is limited by heterogeneous methodology.

Methods

Six hundred seventy‐four consecutive patients (58 (8.6%) female, mean (SD) age 74.4 (6.8) years) undergoing EVAR and F/B‐EVAR at three large tertiary centres were retrospectively recruited. Subcutaneous and visceral fat indices (SFI and VFI), psoas and skeletal muscle indices, and skeletal muscle density were measured at the L3 vertebral level from pre‐operative computed tomographies. The maximally selected rank statistic technique was used to define optimal thresholds to predict mortality.

Results

There were 191 deaths during the median follow‐up period of 60.0 months. Mean (95% CI) survival in the low SMI versus high SMI subgroups was 62.6 (58.5–66.7) versus 82.0 (78.7–85.3) months (P < 0.001). Mean (95% CI) survival in the low SFI versus high SFI subgroups was 56.4 (48.2–64.7) versus 77.1 (74.2–80.1) months (P < 0.001). One‐year mortality in the low SMI versus high SMI subgroups was 10% versus 3% (P < 0.001). Low SMI was associated with increased odds of one‐year mortality (OR 3.19, 95% CI 1.60–6.34, P < 0.001). Five‐year mortality in the low SMI versus high SMI subgroups was 55% versus 28% (P < 0.001). Low SMI was associated with increased odds of five‐year mortality (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.11–2.14, P < 0.01). On multivariate analysis of all patients, low SFI (HR 1.90, 95% CI 1.30–2.76, P < 0.001) and low SMI (HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.34–2.63, P < 0.001) were associated with poorer survival. On multivariate analysis of asymptomatic AAA patients, low SFI (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.01–2.35, P < 0.05) and low SMI (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.20–2.42, P < 0.01) were associated with poorer survival.

Conclusions

Low SMI and SFI are associated with poorer long‐term survival following EVAR and F/B‐EVAR. The relationship between body composition and prognosis requires further evaluation, and external validation of the thresholds proposed in patients with AAA is required.
Iron‐catalyzed oxidative [3+2] cycloaddition‐aromatization cascade: Synthesis of pyrrolo‐[2,1‐a]isoquinolines
Authors: Hu Wen Jing , Liu Na na , Wusiman Abudureheman
Published: May 2023

An iron‐catalyzed approach was described for the synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines via oxidative [3+2] cycloaddition‐aromatization reaction using “aqueous tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (T‐HYDRO)” as an oxidant. The cascade reaction proceeds well with a broad substrate scope at room temperature in a short time and generates “desired products in moderate to high yields.”
Prenatal Diagnosis of Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorders: Deep Learning Radiomics of Pelvic MRI
Authors: Peng Lulu , Yang Zehong , Liu Jue , Liu Yi , Huang Jianwei , Chen Junwei , Su Yun , Zhang Xiang , Song Ting
Published: May 2023

Background

Diagnostic performance of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) by prenatal MRI is unsatisfactory. Deep learning radiomics (DLR) has the potential to quantify the MRI features of PAS.

Purpose

To explore whether DLR from MRI can be used to identify pregnancies with PAS.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

324 pregnant women (mean age, 33.3 years) suspected PAS (170 training and 72 validation from institution 1, 82 external validation from institution 2) with clinicopathologically proved PAS (206 PAS, 118 non‐PAS).

Field Strength/Sequence

3‐T, turbo spin‐echo T2‐weighted images.

Assessment

The DLR features were extracted using the MedicalNet. An MRI‐based DLR model incorporating DLR signature, clinical model (different clinical characteristics between PAS and non‐PAS groups), and MRI morphologic model (radiologists' binary assessment for the PAS diagnosis) was developed. These models were constructed in the training dataset and then validated in the validation datasets.

Statistical Tests

The Student t‐test or Mann–Whitney U, χ2 or Fisher exact test, Kappa, dice similarity coefficient, intraclass correlation coefficients, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression, multivariate logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, DeLong test, net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), calibration curve with Hosmer–Lemeshow test, decision curve analysis (DCA). P < 0.05 indicated a significant difference.

Results

The MRI‐based DLR model had a higher area under the curve than the clinical model in three datasets (0.880 vs. 0.741, 0.861 vs. 0.772, 0.852 vs. 0.675, respectively) or MRI morphologic model in training and independent validation datasets (0.880 vs. 0.760, 0.861, vs. 0.781, respectively). The NRI and IDI were 0.123 and 0.104, respectively. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test had nonsignificant statistics (P = 0.296 to 0.590). The DCA offered a net benefit at any threshold probability.

Data Conclusion

An MRI‐based DLR model may show better performance in diagnosing PAS than a clinical or MRI morphologic model.

Level of Evidence

3

Technical Efficacy Stage

2
Energy, attentional resources and work–family conflict over the meso‐term: Resource loss spirals revisited
Authors: Ford Michael T. , Wang Yi‐Ren , Matthews Russell A. , Wayne Julie Holliday
Published: May 2023

Resource‐based theories specify personal resources as a central cause and outcome of work–family conflict wherein low personal resource levels beget further resource losses, in part through increased work–family conflict. Yet, adaptation and trait theories suggest chronic factors drive stability in personal resources and work–family conflict, potentially making resource loss spirals unlikely for most workers. Despite being fundamental tenets of resource‐based theories of work–family conflict, the causal relationships among personal resources and work–family conflict over the meso‐term (i.e., several months) have been unclear in previous empirical research. We test theory by examining causal relationships over the meso‐term using a general cross‐lagged panel model (GCLM), which, unlike the cross‐lagged panel model used in prior research, accounts for chronic factors and tests the persistence of changes. We tested these effects by surveying school administrators (N = 1418) over four consecutive months. Despite finding some small reciprocal relationships, GCLM results provided no evidence for meso‐term loss spirals in which personal resource losses were followed by further losses, independent of or via work–family conflict. These findings challenge resource‐based theories of work–family conflict over the meso‐term and suggest the need to examine chronic factors and adaptation in work–family conflict research to understand meso‐term dynamics.
Colorectal cancer: Review of signaling pathways and associated therapeutic strategies
Authors: Leiphrakpam Premila D. , Rajappa Senthil J. , Krishnan Mridula , Batra Rishi , Murthy Shilpa S. , Are Chandrakanth
Published: May 2023

Tumor profiling and targeted therapy revolutionized the treatment strategies of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in the last decade. The heterogeneity of CRC tumors plays a critical role in the development of treatment resistance, which underscores the need to understand the molecular mechanism involved in CRC to develop novel targeted therapeutic strategies. This review provides an overview of the signaling pathways driving CRC, the existing targeted agents, their limitations, and future trends.
Colorectal cancer in young adults
Authors: Kim Bradford J. , Hanna Mark H.
Published: May 2023

The incidence of colorectal cancer in young adults (CRCYAs) is increasing globally, and it is now the third leading cause of cancer death among young adults under 50 years old. The rising incidence is attributed to various emerging risk factors such as genetics, lifestyle factors, and microbiome profiles. Delayed diagnosis and more advanced disease presentation contribute to worse outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach to care is crucial to ensure comprehensive and personalized treatment plans for CRCYA.
Apremilast treatment of plaque psoriasis (PsO) after systemic therapy in Spanish clinical practice: Data from the APPROPRIATE study
Authors: de la Cueva Pablo , Armesto Susana , Montesinos Encarnacion , García Francisco Javier , Morales Ana Maria , Rivera‐Díaz Raquel , Hospital Mercedes , Mollet Jordi , Llamas‐Velasco Mar , Carrascosa Jose‐Manuel , García Mercedes , Vázquez Jimena , Puig Lluís
Published: May 2023

Background

Despite the proven efficacy and safety of apremilast to treat plaque psoriasis (PsO), data regarding its real‐world use and patient‐perceived benefits are limited.

Objectives

Describe apremilast use, persistence and tolerability, and its patient‐perceived benefits and effectiveness in patients with PsO in Spanish clinical practice.

Methods

Observational, prospective, multicenter study including patients with moderate‐to‐severe PsO initiating apremilast 3 months (±4 weeks) before enrolment, after at least one conventional systemic therapy and no biologics. Prospective data were collected 3 (at enrolment), 6 and 12 months (±4 weeks) after apremilast initiation. Primary outcome was a Patient Benefit Index (PBI) score ≥1 (minimum clinically relevant benefit) at 6 months.

Results

Of 153 patients enroled, 119 were included in the analysis; mean (standard deviation [SD]) age, 52.8 (15.2) years. At apremilast initiation, mean (SD) Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) were 8.3 (4.9) and 10.5 (6.8), respectively. Most patients (81%) had comorbidities; PsO manifestations included scalp (47% of patients), palmoplantar (26%), nails (24%) and genitals (11%). Over three‐quarters (86%) of patients were continuing apremilast at Month 6, with most (91%) achieving a PBI ≥ 1% and 43% achieving a PBI ≥ 3; two‐thirds (68%) were continuing apremilast at Month 12, with 91% and 42% achieving a PBI ≥ 1 and ≥3, respectively. Mean (SD) pruritus scores decreased from 54.5 (32.1) at apremilast initiation to 23.4 (27.0) at Month 12; 57%, 69% and 69% of patients achieved a DLQI 0‒1, PASI < 3 and BSA < 3, respectively. Adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile.

Conclusions

Patients initiating apremilast after conventional systemic therapy in Spanish clinical practice had moderate PsO at bothersome/visible locations and impaired quality of life. Most patients remained on apremilast for 12 months, with improved patient‐reported outcomes and skin involvement, and almost all patients reported some clinical benefit. Apremilast was well tolerated without new safety signals.
Indolent adult T‐cell leukaemia‐lymphoma successfully treated with bexarotene in an eldery patient
Authors: Nakashima Maho , Takenaka Motoi , Murota Hiroyuki
Published: May 2023

Adult T‐cell leukaemia‐lymphoma (ATL) is a mature T‐cell malignancy, with more than 50% of cases showing cutaneous involvement. Patients with cutaneous‐type ATL (cATL) in the indolent type (i.e., favourable chronic or smouldering type) can usually be managed by watchful waiting and they are primarily treated with skin‐directed therapies until the disease progresses to acute crisis, with multiple tumours usually considered intractable. ATL tends to present in older patients, and those with multiple cATL tumours face difficulties in obtaining multiagent chemotherapy used for aggressive types. Although bexarotene is a third‐generation novel retinoid X receptor‐selective retinoid treatment that is effective for cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, few reports have demonstrated its effectiveness for cATL. We describe an 86‐year‐old woman with cATL treated safely and successfully with a combination of oral bexarotene and skin‐directed therapies, despite renal dysfunction and previous hypothyroidism. After 10 months of treatment, we observed neither new tumours nor disease recurrence, with complete response maintained at 24 months until now while continuing bexarotene. Our experience suggests that oral bexarotene is an effective treatment option, even for elderly patients with cATL.
The universal commensurability Busemann horofunction compactified Teichmüller space
Authors: Hu Guangming , Lv Zhiyang , Miyachi Hideki , Qi Yi , Tan Dong
Published: May 2023

In this paper, the direct limit of Busemann horofunction compactified Teichmülller spaces is introduced. It is shown that the action of the universal commensurability modular group on is isometric and for any point in the universal commensurability Teichmüller space , its orbit under this action is dense in . Furthermore, we construct the direct limit of Busemann horofunction compactified moduli spaces by the characteristic towers and show that the subgroup of acts on to produce as the quotient. Finally, we get a formula of the limit distance between two Jenkins–Strebel rays in the universal commensurability Teichmüller space.
Evaluating satisfaction with teaching innovation, its relationship to academic performance and the application of a video‐based microlearning
Authors: Román‐Sánchez Daniel , De‐La‐Fuente‐Rodríguez José Manuel , Paramio Alberto , Paramio‐Cuevas Juan Carlos , Lepiani‐Díaz Isabel , López‐Millan María‐Reyes
Published: May 2023

Aim

To develop and validate a questionnaire to assess satisfaction with teaching innovation, assess the student satisfaction with a video‐based microlearning intervention in its video‐based modality and to verify its impact on academic performance.

Design

A descriptive cross‐sectional study was conducted. The study used the COSMIN checklist for studies on measurement instruments.

Methods

One hundred and ten nursing students from Salus Infirmorum University Centre (Andalusia, Spain) participated in the study. The items of the instrument were designed based on a literature review and its validity and stability were analysed. After that, 6 weeks of video‐based microlearning intervention were implemented. Then students were asked to fill the satisfaction questionnaire and then took the subject exam.

Results

The resulting questionnaire consisted of 5 items with only one dimension. The questionnaire showed good validity and reliability. A direct correlation was observed between satisfaction with the video‐based microlearning intervention and the marks of the subject exam.
Sealing characteristics of aramid fiber reinforced rubber gasket with scratch depth and width defects
Authors: Zhang Bin , Jin Xiang , Yu Tao , Yu Xiaoming , Yang Cheng
Published: May 2023

Non‐asbestos gaskets have high tensile properties, good permeability resistance, and resilience. Compared with traditional asbestos gaskets, non‐asbestos gaskets have the advantages of less pollution and no harm to human body. This manuscript presented an experimental and theoretical study of aramid fiber reinforced non‐asbestos gaskets. The tensile strength of gaskets with different fiber orientations and tensile rate were conducted in order to meet the industrial standard. The leakage rates of nondestructive non‐asbestos gaskets with different sizes under different medium pressures and pretightening load were investigated. The results showed that the leakage rate can reach the industrial standard when the pretightening load reached 30 MPa and medium pressures was less than 2 MPa. The artificial scratch defects were made on non‐asbestos gaskets, and the effect of the width and depth of the scratch defect on leakage rate was further investigated. The sealing failure would occur when the scratch depth reached 0.1 mm. The modified model containing defect factors was established. The results showed that the modified model can well characterize leakage rate of gasket.
Poverty, entrepreneurship, and economic growth in Africa
Authors: Ajide Folorunsho M. , Dada James T.
Published: May 2023

Literature abounds on the impact of entrepreneurship on economic growth, but with little attention to the role of entrepreneurship in poverty reduction. Furthermore, little attention has been paid to the triangular relationship among poverty reduction, entrepreneurship, and growth in Africa. In this study, we examine the dynamic relationship among these three variables using data collected from 18 African countries. Data are sourced from World Bank development indicators and the World Bank's entrepreneurship database. The study uses batteries of panel data estimation techniques to analyze the data. The following findings emerged: (1) there is bidirectional causality between poverty reduction and growth. (2) There is bidirectional causality between growth and entrepreneurship in Africa. (3) There is unidirectional causality moving from entrepreneurship to poverty reduction. (4) Entrepreneurship significantly reduces poverty in Africa. (5) Impulse response shows that all the variables positively respond to shocks in each other. The study concludes that entrepreneurship enhances poverty reduction in Africa and has a significant impact on economic growth.
Advancements in imaging in ChILD
Authors: Spielberg David R. , Weinman Jason , DeBoer Emily M.
Published: May 2023

Interstitial and diffuse lung diseases in children constitute a range of congenital and acquired disorders. These disorders present with signs and symptoms of respiratory disease accompanied by diffuse radiographic changes. In many cases, radiographic findings are nonspecific, while in other disorders, chest computed tomography (CT) is diagnostic in the appropriate context. Regardless, chest imaging remains central in the evaluation of the patient with suspected childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD). Several newly described chILD entities, spanning both genetic and acquired etiologies, have imaging that aid in their diagnoses. Advances in CT scanning technology and CT analysis techniques continue to improve scan quality as well as expand use of chest CT as a research tool. Finally, ongoing research is expanding use of imaging modalities without ionizing radiation. Magnetic resonance imaging is being applied to investigate pulmonary structure and function, and ultrasound of the lung and pleura is a novel technique with an emerging role in chILD disorders. This review describes the current state of imaging in chILD including recently described diagnoses, advances in conventional imaging techniques and applications, and evolving new imaging modalities that expand the clinical and research roles for imaging in these disorders.
Oral antibiotics lower mycophenolate mofetil drug exposure, possibly by interfering with the enterohepatic recirculation: A case series
Authors: Simoons Mirjam , Naipal Kishan A. T. , de Jong Huib , den Hoed Caroline M. , de Winter Brenda C. M. , Mulder Midas B.
Published: May 2023

Mycophenolate mofetil has an important role as immunosuppressive agent in solid organ transplant recipients. Exposure to the active mycophenolic acid (MPA) can be monitored using therapeutic drug monitoring. We present three cases in which MPA exposure severely decreased after oral antibiotic coadministration. By diminishing gut bacteria β‐glucuronidase activity, oral antibiotics can prevent deglucuronidation of the inactive MPA‐7‐O‐glucuronide metabolite to MPA and thereby possibly prevent its enterohepatic recirculation. This pharmacokinetic interaction could result in rejection, which makes it clinically relevant in solid organ transplant recipients, especially when therapeutic drug monitoring frequency is low. Routine screening for this interaction, preferably supported by clinical decision support systems, and pragmatic close monitoring of the MPA exposure in cases is advised.
Unique times, unequal mobilities: Daily mobility during the de‐escalation of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Padilla‐Pozo Álvaro , Torrado José Manuel , Palomares‐Linares Isabel , Duque‐Calvache Ricardo
Published: May 2023

Scholars have highlighted drastic reductions in daily mobility during the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown. But what happened when restrictions were relaxed though risk remained ubiquitous? How did patterns of mobility change and how were they structured by socioeconomic resources and social roles? We address these questions using a cross‐sectional representative sample (n = 2942) of the population of Andalusia, Spain, after a month and a half of severe lockdown in 2020. We find that older people were the least mobile group and that people living with children and in extended households were less likely to move to take care of others, unlike before the pandemic. Men were more likely to carry out daily mobilities for which women had been traditionally responsible, such as care mobilities. Women were also more likely to be immobile and less likely to commute. Finally, manual and nonqualified workers were more likely to commute, but they were just as likely as any other group to carry out other types of mobility. These results highlight the social character of mobility in a unique context. We emphasize the need to disaggregate daily mobility based on different purposes as well analysing how these are practised by different sociodemographic groups if we want to provide rigorous descriptions of a core component of individuals’ daily life.
Emotional configurations in STEM classrooms: Braiding feelings, sensemaking, and practices in extended investigations
Authors: Pierson Ashlyn E. , Brady Corey E. , Lee Sarah J.
Published: May 2023

Attending to emotion in science classrooms can expand the range of resources valued for science learning, and it can offer insights into students' investigations. However, research that characterizes emotion as a part of disciplinary science learning is relatively nascent. In response, we explore the dynamic relationships between feelings, sensemaking, and practices in a sixth‐grade STEM classroom, guided by (a) Kimmerer's (2013) account of braiding Eurocentric disciplinary science with other resources, including feelings, and (b) Vea's (2020) framework of emotional configurations. We analyze data from multiple iterations of a 9‐week curriculum about guppies' survival needs and the dynamics of ecosystems, illustrating how students' feelings and their sensemaking through practices involving observation were intertwined in generative and mutually‐reinforcing ways. First, we show how the teacher and researcher made space for students to express feelings, in part in response to a student who used feelings to challenge “business as usual” classroom discourse on a day when guppies were discovered to have died. Then, we show how, in subsequent implementations, feelings, sensemaking, and practices were braided together to shape classroom investigations. We argue that attending to feelings in this way, as valued resources to be integrated with sensemaking and practices, is an important step toward equitable science teaching and learning and toward understanding learning in student‐driven contexts.
Dual Atoms (Fe, F) Co‐Doping Inducing Electronic Structure Modulation of NiO Hollow Flower‐Spheres for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution/Sulfion Oxidation Reaction Performance
Authors: Lyu Chaojie , Li Yanle , Cheng Jiarun , Yang Yuquan , Wu Kaili , Wu Jiwen , Wang Huichao , Lau Woon‐Ming , Tian Ziqi , Wang Ning , Zheng Jinlong
Published: May 2023

Heteroatoms Fe, F co‐doped NiO hollow spheres (Fe, F‐NiO) are designed, which simultaneously integrate promoted thermodynamics by electronic structure modulation with boosted reaction kinetics by nano‐architectonics. Benefiting from the electronic structure co‐regulation of Ni sites by introducing Fe and F atoms in NiO , as the rate‐determined step (RDS), the Gibbs free energy of OH* intermediates (ΔGOH*) for Fe, F‐NiO catalyst is significantly decreased to 1.87 eV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) compared with pristine NiO (2.23 eV), which reduces the energy barrier and improves the reaction activity. Besides, densities of states (DOS) result verifies the bandgap of Fe, F‐NiO(100) is significantly decreased compared with pristine NiO(100), which is beneficial to promote electrons transfer efficiency in electrochemical system. Profiting by the synergistic effect, the Fe, F‐NiO hollow spheres only require the overpotential of 215 mV for OER at 10 mA cm−2 and extraordinary durability under alkaline condition. The assembled Fe, F‐NiO||Fe‐Ni2P system only needs 1.51 V to reach 10 mA cm−2, also exhibits outstanding electrocatalytic durability for continuous operation. More importantly, replacing the sluggish OER by advanced sulfion oxidation reaction (SOR) not only can realize the energy saving H2 production and toxic substances degradation, but also bring additional economic benefits.
Vapor‐Phase Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers on Nanostructured Materials at Room‐Temperature
Authors: Mazzotta Elisabetta , Di Giulio Tiziano , Mariani Stefano , Corsi Martina , Malitesta Cosimino , Barillaro Giuseppe
Published: May 2023

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have recently emerged as robust and versatile artificial receptors. MIP synthesis is carried out in liquid phase and optimized on planar surfaces. Application of MIPs to nanostructured materials is challenging due to diffusion‐limited transport of monomers within the nanomaterial recesses, especially when the aspect ratio is >10. Here, the room temperature vapor‐phase synthesis of MIPs in nanostructured materials is reported. The vapor phase synthesis leverages a >1000‐fold increase in the diffusion coefficient of monomers in vapor phase, compared to liquid phase, to relax diffusion‐limited transport and enable the controlled synthesis of MIPs also in nanostructures with high aspect ratio. As proof‐of‐concept application, pyrrole is used as the functional monomer thanks to its large exploitation in MIP preparation; nanostructured porous silicon oxide (PSiO2) is chosen to assess the vapor‐phase deposition of PPy‐based MIP in nanostructures with aspect ratio >100; human hemoglobin (HHb) is selected as the target molecule for the preparation of a MIP‐based PSiO2 optical sensor. High sensitivity and selectivity, low detection limit, high stability and reusability are achieved in label‐free optical detection of HHb, also in human plasma and artificial serum. The proposed vapor‐phase synthesis of MIPs is immediately transferable to other nanomaterials, transducers, and proteins.
Ultraviolet‐Assisted Printing of Flexible Solid‐State Zn‐Ion Battery with a Heterostructure Electrolyte
Authors: Bu Fan , Gao Yong , Wang Qiangzheng , Wang Yuxuan , Li Chun , Yang Jiayu , Liu Xiangye , Guan Cao
Published: May 2023

Flexible solid‐state Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have garnered considerable attention for next‐generation power sources, but the corrosion, dendrite growth, and interfacial problems severely hinder their practical applications. Herein, a high‐performance flexible solid‐state ZIB with a unique heterostructure electrolyte is facilely fabricated through ultraviolet‐assisted printing strategy. The solid polymer/hydrogel heterostructure matrix not only isolates water molecules and optimizes electric field distribution for dendrite‐free anode, but also facilitates fast and in‐depth Zn2+ transport in the cathode. The in situ ultraviolet‐assisted printing creates cross‐linked and well‐bonded interfaces between the electrodes and the electrolyte, enabling low ionic transfer resistance and high mechanical stability. As a result, the heterostructure electrolyte based ZIB outperforms single‐electrolyte based cells. It not only delivers a high capacity of 442.2 mAh g−1 with long cycling life of 900 cycles at 2 A g−1, but also maintains stable operation under mechanical bending and high‐pressure compression in a wide temperature range (−20 °C to 100 °C).
Preputial urolith deposition and urate urolith obstruction in a calf
Authors: Ozturan Yalcin Alper , Akin Ibrahim
Published: May 2023

This case report aimed to describe a rare case of urate urolith deposition and preputial obstruction in a 6‐month‐old calf. The owner reported that the calf was purchased from an auction 1 month ago and the calf was having difficulty urinating. The calf was depressed, and crusty painful masses were found in the prepuce. Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine concentrations were within reference ranges. Radiographic imaging revealed urolith deposition in the prepuce, and the preputial orifice was obstructed with a urolith. Cystocentesis was carried out and uroliths were removed using local infiltration and regional anaesthesia. The analysis of the mineral composition indicated that the uroliths' composition was uric acid. Forceps were used to carefully manipulate the urolith to remove it from the obstructed preputial orifice. The animal had a perfect recovery 1 week later.