bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Scan for Copy Number Variations in Chinese Merino Sheep Based on Ovine High-Density 600K SNP Arrays
Authors: Tian Yuezhen , An Jing , Zhang Xinning , Di Jiang , He Junmin , Yasen Ayinuer , Ma Yanpin , Sailikehan Gaohaer , Huang Xixia , Tian Kechuan
Published: October 2024

Sheep are a vital species in the global agricultural economy, providing essential resources such as meat, milk, and wool. Merino sheep (Junken type) are a key breed of fine wool sheep in China. However, research on fine wool traits has largely overlooked the role of SNPs and their association with phenotypes. Copy number variations (CNVs) have emerged as one of the most important sources of genetic variation, influencing phenotypic traits by altering gene expression and dosage. To generate a comprehensive CNVR map of the ovine genome, we conducted genome-wide CNV detection using genotyping data from 285 fine wool sheep. This analysis revealed 656 CNVRs, including 628 on autosomes and 28 on the X chromosome, covering a total of 43.9 Mbs of the sheep genome. The proportion of CNVRs varied across chromosomes, from 0.45% on chromosome 26 to 3.72% on chromosome 10. Functional annotation through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses highlighted significantly enriched GO terms, including odorant binding, ATP binding, and sulfuric ester hydrolase activity. The KEGG analysis identified involvement in pathways such as neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, axon guidance, ECM–receptor interaction, the one-carbon pool by folate, and focal adhesion (p < 0.05). To validate these CNVRs, we performed quantitative real-time PCR experiments to verify copy number predictions made by PennCNV software (v1.0.5). Out of 11 selected CNVRs with predicted gain, loss, or gain–loss statuses, 8 (IDs 68, 156, 201, 284, 307, 352, 411, 601) were successfully confirmed. This study marks a significant step forward in mapping CNVs in the ovine genome and offers a valuable resource for future research on genetic variation in sheep.
Exploring the Prognostic Impact of Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Lesions through Machine Learning
Authors: Torres-Salomón Pablo , Rodríguez-Capitán Jorge , Molina-Cabello Miguel A. , Thurnhofer-Hemsi Karl , Costa Francesco , Sánchez-Fernández Pedro L. , Muñoz-Muñoz Mario Antonio , Carmona-Segovia Ada del Mar , Romero-Cuevas Miguel , Pavón-Morón Francisco Javier , Jiménez-Navarro Manuel
Published: October 2024

The prognostic impact of non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) remains controversial. Therefore, the objective of this study is to assess the long-term prognostic significance of non-obstructive CAD using machine learning models. We designed a multicenter retrospective, longitudinal, and observational study that included 3265 patients classified into three groups: 1426 patients with lesions < 20%, 643 patients with non-obstructive CAD (lesions 20–50%), and 1196 patients with obstructive CAD (lesions > 70%). A composite cardiovascular event (acute myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization due to heart failure, or cardiovascular-related death) was assessed after a mean follow-up of 43 months. To achieve this, various machine learning models were constructed. The model with the highest accuracy was selected to perform a Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) analysis, revealing the contribution of different variables in predicting an event. The SHAP analysis suggested that the percentage of coronary lesion was the most significant predictor of cardiovascular events. None of the models demonstrated adequate capability in predicting the event, showing only a good predictive ability for the absence of an endpoint. In conclusions, this study demonstrates how machine learning techniques may facilitate the development of high-performing models for predicting long-term cardiovascular events in patients undergoing coronary angiography.
Transforming Petrochemical Processes: Cutting-Edge Advances in Kaolin Catalyst Fabrication
Authors: Al-Ameri Osamah Basil , Alzuhairi Mohammed , Bailón-García Esther , Carrasco-Marín Francisco , Amaro-Gahete Juan
Published: October 2024

The depletion of conventional light petroleum reserves has intensified the search for alternative sources, notably, low-quality heavy oils and byproducts from heavy crude processing, to meet the global demand for fuels, energy, and petrochemicals. Heavy crude oil (HO) and extra heavy crude oil (EHO) represent nearly 70% of the world’s reserves but require extensive upgrading to satisfy refining and petrochemical specifications. Their high asphaltene content results in elevated viscosity and reduced API gravity, posing significant challenges in extraction, transportation, and refining. Advanced catalytic approaches are crucial for efficient asphaltene removal and the conversion of heavy feedstocks into valuable light fractions. Kaolin, an aluminosilicate mineral, has emerged as a key precursor for zeolite synthesis and a promising catalyst in upgrading processes. This article provides a comprehensive exploration of kaolin’s geological origins, chemical properties, and structural characteristics, as well as the various modification techniques designed to improve its catalytic performance. Special focus is given to its application in the transformation of heavy crudes, particularly in facilitating asphaltene breakdown and enhancing light distillate yields. Finally, future research avenues and potential developments in kaolin-based catalysis are discussed, emphasizing its vital role in addressing the technological challenges linked to the growing reliance on heavier crude resources.
Chinese Named Entity Recognition Based on Multi-Level Representation Learning
Authors: Li Weijun , Ding Jianping , Liu Shixia , Liu Xueyang , Su Yilei , Wang Ziyi
Published: October 2024

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a crucial component of Natural Language Processing (NLP). When dealing with the high diversity and complexity of the Chinese language, existing Chinese NER models face challenges in addressing word sense ambiguity, capturing long-range dependencies, and maintaining robustness, which hinders the accuracy of entity recognition. To this end, a Chinese NER model based on multi-level representation learning is proposed. The model leverages a pre-trained word-based embedding to capture contextual information. A linear layer adjusts dimensions to fit an Extended Long Short-Term Memory (XLSTM) network, enabling the capture of long-range dependencies and contextual information, and providing deeper representations. An adaptive multi-head attention mechanism is proposed to enhance the ability to capture global dependencies and comprehend deep semantic context. Additionally, GlobalPointer with rotational position encoding integrates global information for entity category prediction. Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) is incorporated, introducing perturbations in the embedding layer of the pre-trained model to enhance stability in noisy environments. The proposed model achieves F1-scores of 96.89%, 74.89%, 72.19%, and 80.96% on the Resume, Weibo, CMeEE, and CLUENER2020 datasets, respectively, demonstrating improvements over baseline and comparison models.
Effectiveness of Virtual Reality-Based Multi-Therapy Systems for Physio-Psychological Rehabilitation: A Clinical Study
Authors: Stanica Iulia-Cristina , Hainagiu Simona Magdalena , Milicu Alberta , Dascalu Maria-Iuliana , Portelli Giovanni-Paul
Published: October 2024

The worldwide increase in the number of disorders requiring rehabilitation is weighing more and more on healthcare systems, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients. Emergent technologies and techniques should be used more and more in both physical and psychological rehabilitation, after a thorough study of their potential and effects. Our paper presents an original virtual reality-based system including gamified immersive physio-psychological exercises, which was tested in a clinical setting with 25 patients suffering from various musculoskeletal, neuromotor, or mental disorders. A thorough testing protocol was followed during a two-week period, including repeated trials, progress tracking, and objective and subjective instruments used for data collection. A statistical analysis helped us identify interesting correlations between complex virtual reality games and people’s performance, and the high level of relaxation and stress relief (4.57 out of 5 across all games) which can be offered by VR-based psychotherapy exercises, as well as the increased ease of use (4.26 out of 5 perceived across all games) of properly designed training exercises regardless of patients’ level of VR experience (84% of patients with no or low experience and no patient with high experience).
Optimization Study on Nozzle Selection Based on the Influence of Nozzle Parameters on Jet Flow Field Structure
Authors: Zhang Bin , Zhu Chencheng , Li Jianxun , Wang Hao , Liu Xiaolei , Wang Kan
Published: October 2024

Currently, the primary method for controlling red tides in the ocean involves spraying water solutions with special chemicals as solutes. High-pressure spraying results in the formation of typical jet structures. In this study, numerical simulation methods are employed to investigate the velocity variations, turbulent characteristics, and gas content distribution of jet flow fields under different initial jet flow pressures, cone angles, and nozzle diameters. Based on practical application scenarios, cluster analysis is used to explore the similarities and differences in jet equivalent diameters under different parameter conditions. The research findings indicate the following. (1) The difference of jet velocity distribution at the far field exit will be enlarged with the increase in the nozzle cone angle. When the nozzle cone angle is 4 mm, the velocity uniformity at the outlet is the best. (2) The TKE of the flow field has no consistent change law along the central axis. At the jet exit, the TKE shows an obvious multi-peak structure. (3) The gas content demonstrates a typical “double-valley” feature at the jet outlet cross-section. Increasing the initial pressure leads to a decrease in the gas content within the jet due to reduced entrainment, while the entrainment range remains largely constant. (4) Cluster analysis reveals that the similarity of jet flow width when it reaches the water surface is minimal compared to other operating conditions when the initial pressure is 0.36 MPa, the cone angle is 115°, and the nozzle diameter is 2 mm. All conditions can be categorized into two or three groups to ensure jet effectiveness. The study results provide scientific guidance for selecting spray devices for controlling red tides in the ocean.
Population-Level Exposure to PM2.5, NO2, Greenness (NDVI), Accessible Greenspace, Road Noise, and Rail Noise in England
Authors: Garkov Sophia , Dearden Lorraine , Milojevic Ai
Published: October 2024

Air pollution, greenspace and noise are interrelated environmental factors with the potential to influence human health outcomes. Research has measured these exposures in diverse ways across the globe, but no study has yet performed a country-wide analysis of air pollution, greenspace, and noise in England. This study examined cross-sectional PM2.5, NO2, greenness, accessible greenspace, road noise, and rail noise exposure data at all residential postcodes in England (n = 1,227,681). Restricted cubic spline models were fitted between each environmental exposure and a measure of socioeconomic status, the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) rank. Population-weighted exposures by IMD deciles, urbanicity, and region were subsequently estimated. Restricted cubic spline models were also fitted between greenness and each other environmental exposure in the study. The results show some evidence of inequalities in exposure to air pollutants, greenspace, and noise across England. Notably, there is a socioeconomic gradient in greenness, NO2, PM2.5, and road noise in London. In addition, NO2, PM2.5, and road noise exposure decrease as greenness increases in urban areas. Concerningly, almost all air pollution estimates in our study exceed international health guidelines. Further research is needed to elucidate the socioeconomic patterns and health impacts of air pollution, greenspace, and noise over time.
Evaluating MPAS-A Performance for Mesoscale Simulation in a Tropical Region: A Case Study of Extreme Heat in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Fajary Faiz Rohman , Lee Han Soo , Bhanage Vinayak , Pradana Radyan Putra , Kubota Tetsu , Nimiya Hideyo
Published: October 2024

The Model for Prediction Across Scales–Atmosphere (MPAS-A) has been widely used for larger scale simulations, but its performance in mesoscale, particularly in tropical regions, is less evaluated. This study aimed to assess MPAS-A in simulating extreme surface air temperature in Jakarta during the hot spells of October 2023 with eight different simulation setups. Several validation metrics were applied to near-surface meteorological variables, land surface temperature (LST), and vertical atmospheric profile. From the eight simulations, MPAS-A captured diurnal patterns of the near-surface variables well, except for wind direction. The model also performed well in LST simulations. Moreover, the biases in the vertical profiles varied with height and were sensitive to the initial/boundary conditions used. Simulations with modified terrestrial datasets showed higher LST and air temperatures over the sprawling urban areas. MPAS-A successfully simulated the extreme event, showing higher air temperatures in southern Jakarta (over 36 °C) compared to the northern part. Negative temperature advection by sea breeze helped lower air temperature in the northern area. This study highlights the role of sea breezes as natural cooling mechanisms in coastal cities. Additionally, MPAS-A is feasible for several applications for urban climate studies and climate projection, although further development is needed.
Glycosphingolipids in Cardiovascular Disease: Insights from Molecular Mechanisms and Heart Failure Models
Authors: Huang Sarah , Abutaleb Karima , Mishra Sumita
Published: October 2024

This review explores the crucial role of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in the context of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), focusing on their biosynthesis, metabolic pathways, and implications for clinical outcomes. GSLs are pivotal in regulating a myriad of cellular functions that are essential for heart health and disease progression. Highlighting findings from both human cohorts and animal models, this review emphasizes the potential of GSLs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. We advocate for more detailed mechanistic studies to deepen our understanding of GSL functions in cardiovascular health, which could lead to innovative strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and personalized medicine in cardiovascular care.
SMYD2 Promotes Calcium Oxalate-Induced Glycolysis in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells via PTEN Methylation
Authors: Pan Shengyu , Yuan Tianhui , Xia Yuqi , Yu Weimin , Li Haoyong , Rao Ting , Ye Zehua , Li Lei , Zhou Xiangjun , Cheng Fan
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Damage to renal tubular cells (RTCs) represents a critical pathological manifestation in calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone disease, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Energy metabolism reprogramming is a vital influencer of RTC survival, and SMYD2 is a histone methylation transferase that has been extensively implicated in various metabolic disorders. Hence, this research aimed to identify whether SMYD2 induces the reprogramming of energy metabolism in RTCs exposed to CaOx nephrolithiasis. Methods: Kidney samples were obtained from patients who underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy for non-functioning kidneys caused by nephrolithiasis. The glyoxylate-induced CaOx stone mice model was established and treated with AZ505. The SMYD2-knockout HK-2 cell line was constructed. Histological changes were evaluated by HE, VK, Tunel, Masson stainings. The molecular mechanism was explored through co-immunoprecipitation and western blotting. Results: The results found that SMYD2 upregulation led to energy reprogramming to glycolysis in human kidney tissue samples and in mice with CaOx nephrolithiasis. We also identified the substantial involvement of glycolysis in the induction of apoptosis, inflammation, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HK-2 cells caused by calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM). In vivo and in vitro results demonstrated that SMYD2 inhibition reduces glycolysis, kidney injury, and fibrosis. Mechanistically, SMYD2 was found to promote metabolic reprogramming of RTCs toward glycolysis by activating the AKT/mTOR pathway via methylated PTEN, which mediates CaOx-induced renal injury and fibrosis. Conclusions: Our findings reveal an epigenetic regulatory role of SMYD2 in metabolic reprogramming in CaOx nephrolithiasis and associated kidney injury, suggesting that targeting SMYD2 and glycolysis may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for CaOx-induced kidney injury and fibrosis.
Hydrocarbonoclastic Biofilm-Based Microbial Fuel Cells: Exploiting Biofilms at Water-Oil Interface for Renewable Energy and Wastewater Remediation
Authors: Lovecchio Nicola , Giuseppetti Roberto , Bertuccini Lucia , Columba-Cabezas Sandra , Di Meo Valentina , Figliomeni Mario , Iosi Francesca , Petrucci Giulia , Sonnessa Michele , Magurano Fabio , D’Ugo Emilio
Published: October 2024

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) represent a promising technology for sustainable energy generation, which leverages the metabolic activities of microorganisms to convert organic substrates into electrical energy. In oil spill scenarios, hydrocarbonoclastic biofilms naturally form at the water–oil interface, creating a distinct environment for microbial activity. In this work, we engineered a novel MFC that harnesses these biofilms by strategically positioning the positive electrode at this critical junction, integrating the biofilm’s natural properties into the MFC design. These biofilms, composed of specialized hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, are vital in supporting electron transfer, significantly enhancing the system’s power generation. Next-generation sequencing and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the microbial community, revealing a significant enrichment of hydrocarbonoclastic Gammaproteobacteria within the biofilm. Notably, key genera such as Paenalcaligenes, Providencia, and Pseudomonas were identified as dominant members, each contributing to the degradation of complex hydrocarbons and supporting the electrogenic activity of the MFCs. An electrochemical analysis demonstrated that the MFC achieved a stable power output of 51.5 μW under static conditions, with an internal resistance of about 1.05 kΩ. The system showed remarkable long-term stability, which maintained consistent performance over a 5-day testing period, with an average daily energy storage of approximately 216 mJ. Additionally, the MFC effectively recovered after deep discharge cycles, sustaining power output for up to 7.5 h before requiring a recovery period. Overall, the study indicates that MFCs based on hydrocarbonoclastic biofilms provide a dual-functionality system, combining renewable energy generation with environmental remediation, particularly in wastewater treatment. Despite lower power output compared to other hydrocarbon-degrading MFCs, the results highlight the potential of this technology for autonomous sensor networks and other low-power applications, which required sustainable energy sources. Moreover, the hydrocarbonoclastic biofilm-based MFC presented here offer significant potential as a biosensor for real-time monitoring of hydrocarbons and other contaminants in water. The biofilm’s electrogenic properties enable the detection of organic compound degradation, positioning this system as ideal for environmental biosensing applications.
Development of Post-Industrial Heritage Landscape Design Based on Visual Cognitive Schema Theory: A Case Study of the Shou Gang Industrial Cultural Heritage Site
Authors: Wang Yan , Hou Bojun
Published: October 2024

Post-industrial landscapes serve as crucial markers of industrial cultural heritage. This study focuses on the urban environmental form design of post-industrial civilization. Facing challenges posed by the incompatibility of traditional industrial lands with modern society, the urban renaissance of post-industrial landscapes emerges as a pivotal topic. This article defines the concepts of visual cognition, the cognitive schema, and the post-industrial landscape from the perspective of environmental psychology through literature research, case studies, and on-site investigation methods. It elaborates on the design process of the Shou Gang Industrial Cultural Heritage Site. This study shows how to create a living space that has both historical memory and meets modern needs through steps such as extracting core elements, constructing spatial schema, and promoting scene integration. The study found that, by extracting and integrating the four key visual cognitive elements of humans, objects, paths, and event, a dynamic and interactive living space schema—scene relationship—can be constructed. Finally, by summarizing the overall consciousness of the visual cognitive schema, it further emphasizes the importance of paying attention to the harmony and unity of people, behavior, and environment in the design process and realizing the sustainable utilization and development of space.
Progress in Seismic Isolation Technology Research in Soft Soil Sites: A Review
Authors: Yao Xinqiang , Wu Bin
Published: October 2024

Soft soil sites can amplify the peak acceleration by a factor of 1.5 to 3.5 and exhibit the filtering effect on seismic waves. This effect results in the attenuation of high frequencies, amplification of low frequencies, and extension of the predominant period of ground motion. Consequently, soft soil sites have a more pronounced impact on isolation buildings constructed on them. The seismic isolation structure design typically involves assuming rigid foundation for calculations. However, the soil properties can significantly impact the dynamic response of the structure, affecting factors such as input ground motion, changes in vibration characteristics, radiation energy dissipation, and material damping energy dissipation. Therefore, neglecting these influences and relying solely on the rigid foundation assumption for calculations can lead to significant errors in the final seismic response analysis of the structure. Currently, there are numerous LNG storage tanks, museums, and other isolation buildings constructed on soft soil sites. Therefore, research on seismic isolation measures for soft soil sites holds significant practical importance. In light of this, this paper, firstly, provides a systematic summary of seismic isolation strategies and engineering applications for soft soil sites. Secondly, it further discusses advancements in research on the dynamic interactions of soil–isolated structures, covering analytical methods, numerical investigations, and experimental studies on soft soil sites. Lastly, the paper concludes with insights on current research progress and prospects for further studies.
The Influence and Mechanism of Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber on the Mechanical Properties and Durability of High-Performance Shotcrete
Authors: Zhang Ge , Li Like , Shi Huawei , Chen Chen , Li Kunpeng
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the impact of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers on the mechanical properties and durability of high-performance shotcrete (HPS). Results demonstrate that PVA fibers have a dual impact on the performance of HPS. Positively, PVA fibers enhance the tensile strength and toughness of shotcrete due to their intrinsic high tensile strength and fiber-bridging effect, which significantly improves the material’s splitting tensile strength, deformation resistance, and toughness, and the splitting tensile strength and peak strain have been found to be increased by up to 30.77% and 31.51%, respectively. On the other hand, the random distribution and potential agglomeration of PVA fibers within the HPS matrix can lead to increased air-void formations. This phenomenon raises the volume content of large bubbles and increases the average bubble area and diameter, thereby elevating the pore volume fraction within the 500–1200 μm and >1200 μm ranges. Therefore, these microstructural changes reduce the compactness of the HPS matrix, resulting in a decrease in compressive strength and elastic modulus. The compressive strength exhibited a reduction ranging from 10.44% to 15.11%, while the elastic modulus showed a decrease of between 8.09% and 12.67%. Overall, the PVA-HPS mixtures with different mix proportions demonstrated excellent frost resistance, chloride ion penetration resistance, and carbonation resistance. The electrical charge passed ranged from 133 to 370 C, and the carbonation depth varied between 2.04 and 6.12 mm. Although the incorporation of PVA fibers reduced the permeability and carbonation resistance of shotcrete, it significantly mitigated the loss of tensile strength during freeze–thaw cycles. The findings offer insights into optimizing the use of PVA fibers in HPS applications, balancing enhancements in tensile properties with potential impacts on compressive performance.
Numerical Investigation on the Hysteretic Performance of Self-Centering Precast Steel–Concrete Hybrid Frame
Authors: Feng Shiqiang , Yang Yong , Xue Yicong , Yu Yunlong
Published: October 2024

To improve the construction performance and seismic resilience of precast reinforced-concrete frame structures, an innovative self-centering precast steel–concrete hybrid frame has been proposed and subjected to cyclic loading tests. In this paper, a comprehensive numerical analysis was conducted to further investigate the frame’s hysteretic behavior. Initially, a numerical model was developed using the finite element software OpenSees. Numerical analyses of two frame specimens were conducted, demonstrating good agreement between the numerical and experimental hysteretic characteristics, thus validating the model’s accuracy. Subsequently, based on the numerical simulations, a quantitative comparison of hysteretic performance between a novel frame and a traditional reinforced-concrete frame of the same scale was performed. While the proposed frame exhibited slightly lower initial stiffness and energy dissipation capacity than the traditional frame, it outperformed in terms of load-carrying capacity and self-centering ability. Finally, parametric analyses were carried out to assess the influence of various design parameters on the hysteretic performance, including friction force in the web frictions devices, initial post-tensioned force of the prefabricated steel–concrete hybrid beams, the steel arm length, and the column longitudinal reinforcement ratio. The results showed that increases in these four parameters improved the load-carrying capacity and initial stiffness of the proposed frame. Additionally, an increase in the friction force, steel arm length, or column longitudinal reinforcement ratio enhanced the frame’s energy dissipation capacity, while an increase in the initial post-tensioned force or a decrease in the friction force enhanced the frame’s self-centering capacity.
Mesoscale Modeling of Microcapsule-Based Self-Healing Cementitious Composites under Dynamic Splitting Tension
Authors: Zhou Xiaoqing , Lu Qianmei , Wang Xianfeng
Published: October 2024

Microcapsule-based self-healing cementitious composite (MSCC) offers autonomous damage repair, extending the service life of structures. However, most of the existing studies focus on static behavior and healing effectiveness but rarely explore dynamic responses. This study developed the mesoscale modeling approach to investigate MSCC behavior under dynamic split tensile loading. At the mesoscale, MSCC can be treated as a four-phase composite consisting of coarse aggregates, interfacial transition zones, cement mortar, and microcapsules. Alternatively, it can be simplified as a two-phase composite comprising a homogeneous mortar matrix and microcapsules. Four-phase and two-phase mesoscale MSCC models were developed for 2D simulations, while a two-phase 3D model was also developed for comparison. Mesoscale numerical simulations were conducted based on Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar Brazilian disk-splitting tests, considering various strain rates. Simulation results of different mesoscale models were compared with experimental results. All of the models accurately predicted the tensile strength of MSCC, with the 2D four-phase model providing the best representation of failure modes and crack propagation. Both experimental and numerical data exhibited obvious strain rate effects, indicating that MSCC’s mechanical properties were sensitive to the loading rate. Dynamic increase factors were obtained, quantifying rate sensitivity. The obtained dynamic mechanical properties of MSCC provide insights for designing MSCC components and structures that can better withstand collisions or explosions.
Correction: Regua et al. TrkA Interacts with and Phosphorylates STAT3 to Enhance Gene Transcription and Promote Breast Cancer Stem Cells in Triple-Negative and HER2-Enriched Breast Cancers. Cancers 2021, 13, 2340
Authors: Regua Angelina T. , Aguayo Noah R. , Jalboush Sara Abu , Doheny Daniel L. , Manore Sara G. , Zhu Dongqin , Wong Grace L. , Arrigo Austin , Wagner Calvin J. , Yu Yang , Thomas Alexandra , Chan Michael D. , Ruiz Jimmy , Jin Guangxu , Strowd Roy , Sun Peiqing , Lin Jiayuh , Lo Hui-Wen
Published: October 2024

In the original publication [...]
Effects of Intraoperative Opioid Use and a Combined Anesthesia Protocol in Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy for Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder—A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Marcon Julian , Yefsah Fatima , Schulz Gerald B. , Weinhold Philipp , Rodler Severin , Eismann Lennert , Volz Yannic , Pfitzinger Paulo L. , Stief Christian G. , Kowalski Christian , Siegl Daniel , Buchner Alexander , Pyrgidis Nikolaos , Jokisch Jan-Friedrich
Published: October 2024

Background: An increased intraoperative opioid dose seems to lead to worse outcomes in several types of cancer. We assessed the effect of intraoperatively administered opioids as well as the type of anesthesia on survival, recurrence rates and major perioperative outcomes in patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) for urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Methods: We included patients who underwent open RC at our center between 2015 and 2022. The role of the type and dosage of intraoperative opioid agents, such as remifentanil, sufentanil and morphine milligram equivalents (MME), as well as the type of anesthesia (intravenous only versus intravenous/epidural), was assessed regarding perioperative and long-term outcomes after RC. Results: A total of 508 patients with a median age of 73 years (IQR: 64–78) were included. Overall, 92 (18%) patients received intravenous anesthesia, whereas 416 (82%) received combined anesthesia. At a median follow-up of 270 days (IQR: 98–808), 108 (21%) deaths and 106 (21%) recurrences occurred. Combined anesthesia was associated with better survival (HR:0.63, 95% CI: 0.4–0.97, p = 0.037) and lower intensive care unit admission rates (OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.31–0.77, p = 0.002) in the univariate analysis (unadjusted). The type and dosage of intraoperative opioid agents did not affect long-term survival and recurrence rates, as well as major perioperative outcomes. Nevertheless, the findings of our study were limited by its single-center, retrospective design. Conclusion: The use of intraoperative opioids was not associated with worse outcomes in our cohort, while the use of additional epidural anesthesia seems to be beneficial in terms of overall survival and intensive care unit admissions. Nevertheless, further research is mandatory to validate the safety of opioids in patients undergoing RC.
The Impact of Combined Chemotherapy and Intra-Tumoural Injection of Phosphorus-32 Microparticles on Vascularity in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Carcinoma
Authors: Lim Amanda Huoy Wen , Zobel Joshua , Bills Madison , Hsieh William , Crouch Benjamin , Joshi Rohit , Thomson John-Edwin , Neo EuLing , Kuan Li Lian , Safaeian Romina , Tse Edmund , Rayner Christopher K. , Ruszkiewicz Andrew , Singhal Nimit , Bartholomeusz Dylan , Nguyen Nam Quoc
Published: October 2024

Background: Poor intra-tumoural vascularity contributes to a lack of response to chemotherapy in pancreatic cancers. Preliminary data suggest that the addition of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided intra-tumoural injection of phosphorus-32 (32P) microparticles to standard chemotherapy is potentially beneficial in locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). We aimed to assess changes in pancreatic tumour vascularity following 32P implantation, using contrast-enhanced EUS (CE-EUS). Methods: This was a prospective single-centre trial from January 2022 to 2024 of patients with unresectable, non-metastatic LAPC undergoing standard FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy and 32P implantation. We performed CE-EUS pre-implantation after two chemotherapy cycles and 4 and 12 weeks after implantation. Time–intensity curves were analysed for 90 s after IV contrast bolus to ascertain peak intensity and intensity gain. Results: A total of 20 patients underwent 32P implantation, with 15 completing 12-week follow-up. The technical success of 32P implantation was 100%. The median primary tumour size reduced from 32 mm (IQR 27.5–38.75) pre-implantation to 24 mm (IQR 16–26) 12 weeks post-implantation (p < 0.001). Five patients (25%) had tumour downstaging, and four underwent resections. The baseline (pre-implantation, post-chemotherapy) median intensity gain of contrast enhancement within the tumour was 32.15 (IQR 18.08–54.35). This increased to 46.85 (IQR 35.05–76.6; p = 0.007) and 66.3 (IQR 54.7–76.3; p = 0.001) at 4 weeks and 12 weeks post-implantation, respectively. Over a median follow-up of 11.2 months (IQR 7.8–12.8), 15/20 (75%) of patients remained alive, with 3/20 (15%) demonstrating local disease progression. Overall survival was not significantly different between patients with or without an increased intensity of 10 a.u. or more at 12 weeks post-implantation. Conclusion: This is the first clinical study to demonstrate treatment-induced increased vascularity within pancreatic primary tumours, which followed 32P implantation and FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy. Larger comparative trials are warranted.
Effect of Sintering Process on Microstructure and Properties of (Zr0.2Ta0.2Ti0.2Cr0.2Hf0.2)Si2 High-Entropy Silicide Ceramics
Authors: Zhang Zihao , Yi Huaigan , Liang Mengtian , Xie Linying , Yin Bingbing , Yang Yi
Published: October 2024

In this study, five kinds of (Zr0.2Ta0.2Ti0.2Cr0.2Hf0.2)Si2 high-entropy ceramics were prepared by a two-step method under different vacuum pressureless pre-sintering processes, and the microstructures and mechanical properties of the ceramics under different parameters of the pre-sintering process were systematically discussed. The results show that the physical structure of the ceramic samples remains basically unchanged by changing the pre-sintering conditions; the longer the holding time of the initial pre-sintering, the higher the densification of the samples and all of them are above 95%. The hardness of the ceramics was around 10 GPa, with the best hardness of 10.11 GPa at 1300 °C for 3 h. This conclusion provides data support for the optimization of the high-entropy ceramics preparation process.
The Impact of Neoadjuvant versus Adjuvant Chemotherapy on Survival Outcomes in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Ghasemi Farhad , Brackstone Muriel
Published: October 2024

The utility of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is expanding in the treatment of breast cancer. Although individual trials have shown comparable survival between patients receiving neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy, large-scale data analyses for outcomes in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) are lacking. We conducted an individual-level statistical analysis using patients from six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating survival outcomes with neoadjuvant versus adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer by abstracting and analyzing only the patients with LABC. Individual patient data for 779 patients with LABC were collected from six RCTs. Overall and disease-free survival rates were compared between patients receiving neoadjuvant vs. adjuvant chemotherapy with the Cox hazard model and log-rank statistics. Since chemotoxicity causing delays to surgical care is a potential drawback of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, local cohort data were then employed to assess the actual incidence of this, along with the causes behind any delays to surgery in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A time interval from neoadjuvant chemotherapy to surgery of >8 weeks was investigated in a local cohort of 563 patients, representing all locally treated patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy between 2006 and 2019. The statistical analysis demonstrated no overall or disease-free survival differences in LABC patients receiving neoadjuvant vs. adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.96 and 0.74, respectively). Within our cohort, 31 (5.5%) patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy experienced a delay of >8 weeks to surgery, with only 13 (2.3%) attributed to chemotherapy-related complications. Our study provides further support for the paradigm shift towards delivering chemotherapy for breast cancer patients in the neoadjuvant setting.
Ritonavir’s Evolving Role: A Journey from Antiretroviral Therapy to Broader Medical Applications
Authors: Pereira Mariana , Vale Nuno
Published: October 2024

Ritonavir is a protease inhibitor initially developed for HIV treatment that is now used as a pharmacokinetic booster for other antiretrovirals due to it being a cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme and P-glycoprotein inhibitor. Consequently, ritonavir is of special interest for repurposing in other diseases. It had an important role in battling the COVID-19 pandemic as a part of the developed drug Paxlovid® in association with nirmatrelvir and has shown effects in hepatitis and other pathogenic diseases. Ritonavir has also shown promising results in overcoming drug resistance and enhancing the efficacy of existing chemotherapeutic agents in oncology. Evidence of cancer repurposing potential was demonstrated in cancers such as ovarian, prostate, lung, myeloma, breast, and bladder cancer, with several mechanisms of action presented. In vitro studies indicate that ritonavir alone can inhibit key pathways involved in cancer cell survival and proliferation, causing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and metabolic stress due to the inhibition of molecules like heat shock protein 90 and cyclin-dependent kinases. Ritonavir also causes resistant cells to become sensitized to anticancer drugs like gemcitabine or docetaxel. These findings indicate that repurposing ritonavir, either on its own or in combination with other medications, could be a promising approach for treating various diseases. This is particularly relevant in cancer therapy, where ritonavir repurposing is the central focus of this review.
Factors Influencing Background Parenchymal Enhancement in Contrast-Enhanced Mammography Images
Authors: Wessling Daniel , Männlin Simon , Schwarz Ricarda , Hagen Florian , Brendlin Andreas , Gassenmaier Sebastian , Preibsch Heike
Published: October 2024

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) and various patient-related and technical factors in recombined contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) images. Material and Methods: We assessed CESM images from 62 female patients who underwent CESM between May 2017 and October 2019, focusing on factors influencing BPE. A total of 235 images, all acquired using the same mammography machine, were analyzed. A region of interest (ROI) with a standard size of 0.75 to 1 cm2 was used to evaluate the minimal, maximal, and average pixel intensity enhancement. Additionally, the images were qualitatively assessed on a scale from 1 (minimal BPE) to 4 (marked BPE). We examined correlations with body mass index (BMI), age, hematocrit, hemoglobin levels, cardiovascular conditions, and the amount of pressure applied during the examination. Results: Our study identified a significant correlation between the amount of pressure applied during the examination and the BPE (Spearman’s ρ = 0.546). Additionally, a significant but weak correlation was observed between BPE and BMI (Spearman’s ρ = 0.421). No significant associations were found between BPE and menopausal status, cardiovascular preconditions, hematocrit, hemoglobin levels, breast density, or age. Conclusions: Patient-related and procedural factors significantly influence BPE in CESM images. Specifically, increased applied pressure and BMI are associated with higher BPE.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Reno-Urinary Malformations in a Tertiary Center of Republic of Moldavia
Authors: Roller Victor , Ciuntu Angela , Țarcă Elena , Ionescu Nicolae Sebastian , Drăgoiu Teodora-Simina , Bernic Jana , Gudumac Eva , Ceban Emil , Mișina Ana , Băluțel Tatiana , Ignat Adriana , Fuior-Bulhac Liliana , Mîndru Dana Elena
Published: October 2024

Malformative uropathy in children is one of the most common pathological conditions, with an incidence of 5–14% in newborns. Recent research shows that even in the current conditions, they are often diagnosed only in the advanced stages, when Chronic Kidney Disease is already affirming. This study’s objective is to identify urinary tract anomalies, including malformative uropathies in the prenatal stage, using imaging techniques, namely ultrasound of the pregnant uterus. Using prenatal ultrasonography of the pregnant uterus and postnatal clinical and paraclinical examination, we prospectively evaluated a cohort of fifty children with pyelectasia. We describe the demographic and pathological characteristics of patients diagnosed with renal–urinary abnormalities, as well as their postnatal management. A prenatal diagnosis made during the first 15 to 22 weeks of pregnancy enables the evaluation of early malformative uropathies and the determination of the best time to operate in order to minimize complications. When prenatal ultrasonography, fetal karyotype, tissue sample, and embryonic appendages work together, problems may be partially or entirely revealed by these methods due to mistakes made in imaging examinations. In the case of a pregnancy with an antenatal malformation detected, it is necessary for the delivery to take place in a clinic that can provide favorable services for the survival and investigation of the child born with malformative abnormalities.
Risk Assessment of UAV Cyber Range Based on Bayesian–Nash Equilibrium
Authors: Miao Shangting , Pan Quan
Published: October 2024

In order to analyze the choice of the optimal strategy of cyber security attack and defense in the unmanned aerial vehicles’ (UAVs) cyber range, a game model-based UAV cyber range risk assessment method is constructed. Through the attack and defense tree model, the risk assessment method is calculated. The model of attack and defense game with incomplete information is established and the Bayesian–Nash equilibrium of mixed strategy is calculated. The model and method focus on the mutual influence of the actions of both sides and the dynamic change in the confrontation process. According to the calculation methods of different benefits of different strategies selected in the offensive and defensive game, the risk assessment and calculation of the UAV cyber range are carried out based on the probability distribution of the defender’s benefits and the attacker’s optimal strategy selection. An example is given to prove the feasibility and effectiveness of this method.
Teacher’s Use of English and Spanish Interactive Strategies during Wordless Shared Book Reading: Relations to Emergent Bilingual Children’s Responses
Authors: Rojas Natalia M. , Melzi Gigliana , Schick Adina
Published: October 2024

Little attention has been paid to describing the ways early childhood education (ECE) teachers implement interactive strategies and the use of Spanish and English, in real time, to support Spanish–English emergent bilingual children’s contributions to shared book reading interactions. Video recordings from 19 ECE classrooms during shared book reading were used to conduct sequential analysis to examine the different types of interactive strategies (e.g., questions, extensions) implemented by bilingual ECE teachers and emergent bilinguals’ responses to these strategies. This study found that teachers’ interactive strategies may reflect a degree of reciprocity, with teachers and children sensitively attuned to one another’s contributions in real time. Teachers’ questions in English and Spanish were related to emergent bilinguals’ responses across a wide range of language complexity. Similarly, teachers and emergent bilinguals tended to respond to one another in the language of the prior utterance, suggesting teachers and emergent bilinguals are attuned to the contributions of one another. By examining teacher–child dynamics, this study produced results that can address issues that may have direct, translatable implications for ECE practice and intervention efforts.
Holistic Information Security Management and Compliance Framework
Authors: Grigaliūnas Šarūnas , Schmidt Michael , Brūzgienė Rasa , Smyrli Panayiota , Andreou Stephanos , Lopata Audrius
Published: October 2024

The growing complexity of cybersecurity threats demands a robust framework that integrates various security domains, addressing the issue of disjointed security practices that fail to comply with evolving regulations. This paper introduces a novel information security management and compliance framework that integrates operational, technical, human, and physical security domains. The aim of this framework is to enable organizations to identify the requisite information security controls and legislative compliance needs effectively. Unlike traditional approaches, this framework systematically aligns with both current and emerging security legislation, including GDPR, NIS2 Directive, and the Artificial Intelligence Act, offering a unified approach to comprehensive security management. The experimental methodology involves evaluating the framework against five distinct risk scenarios to test its effectiveness and adaptability. Each scenario assesses the framework’s capability to manage and ensure compliance with specific security controls and regulations. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework not only meets compliance requirements across multiple security domains but also provides a scalable solution for adapting to new threats and regulations efficiently. These findings represent a significant step forward in holistic security management, indicating that organizations can enhance their security posture and legislative compliance simultaneously through this integrated framework.