bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The strength of associations between ultrasound measures of upper limb muscle morphology and isometric muscle strength: An exploratory study
Authors: Whang Christina Q. Y. , Debenham Mathew I. B. , Ogalo Emmanuel , Ro Hannah J. , Wu Harvey , Berger Michael J.
Published: November 2024

Introduction/Aims

Assessing upper limb muscle strength is important for understanding health outcomes, such as daily function and mortality. Ultrasound (US) is increasingly used to evaluate muscle health, but the relationship between its measures of morphology and isometric strength has not been thoroughly explored in upper limb muscles. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between US morphological measures and isometric strength in functionally relevant upper limb muscles in healthy adults.

Methods

Twenty‐four healthy volunteers (30.0 ± 10.8 years) underwent B‐mode, axial US scans of the first dorsal interosseus (FDI), flexor pollicis longus (FPL), biceps brachii (BB), brachialis (BR), and triceps brachii lateral head (TB). Participants performed corresponding maximal voluntary contractions (MVC), including first digit distal phalanx flexion, second digit abduction, and elbow flexion and extension. US images were segmented to obtain maximal muscle thickness (MT) and cross‐sectional area (CSA).

Results

Strong positive correlations were found between muscle strength and BB MT (r = .83; p < .001), BR CSA (r = .84; p < .001), and TB MT (r = .70; p < .001). Moderate positive correlations were found for strength and FDI CSA (r = .67; p < .001), FDI MT (r = .47; p < .05), FPL CSA (r = .54; p < .01), and FPL MT (r = .42; p < .05). No significant correlation was found between strength and BR MT (r = .16; p > .05).

Discussion

Our data showed moderate‐to‐strong associations between US muscle morphology and strength, suggesting that US is likely a good biomarker for strength. However, its use is not “one size fits all.” Future investigations should continue to assess this relationship in different muscles and expand the generalizability to clinical populations.
Numerical Strategy on the Grid Orientation Effect in the Simulation for Two‐Phase Flow in Porous Media by Using the Adaptive Artificial Viscosity Method
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Hong , Yue Meng‐Chen , Liu Zhi‐Feng , Cao Wei‐Dong , Wang Yong , Hu Jun , Xiao Chang‐Hao , Li Yao‐Yong
Published: November 2024

In the context of numerical simulators for multiphase flow in porous media, there exists a long‐standing issue known as the grid orientation effect (GOE), wherein different numerical solutions can be obtained when considering grids with different orientations under certain unfavorable conditions. The GOE is relevant to the instability near displacement fronts. If numerical oscillations accompanied by sharp fronts are not adequately suppressed, the GOE occurs. To reduce or even eliminate the GOE, we propose augmenting adaptive artificial viscosity in the process of solving the saturation equation. It has been demonstrated that appropriate artificial viscosity can effectively reduce or even eliminate the GOE. The proposed numerical method can be easily applied in practical engineering problems.
Fully aminated p‐polyaramid effectively strengthen and toughen Bisphenol A epoxy resin and its warp‐knitted carbon fiber composites
Authors: Wang Zhenwei , Liu Yu , Tang Ning , Wang Weitao
Published: November 2024

Stemming from the cost‐effectiveness and broad applicability, many modification researches on Bisphenol A epoxy resin (DGEBA) and its carbon fiber composites have been done extensively. Here, following the concept of molecular composite, we prepared fully aminated p‐polyaramid with reactive amino side groups by polycondensation and reduction reaction, aiming to construct a molecular distribution of the reinforcement within the resin matrix and achieve a satisfactory enhancement effect. Among them, after adding 1 wt% fully aminated p‐polyaramid, Young's modulus and tensile toughness of the DGEBA epoxy resin (EP) increased significantly to 2.34 ± 0.03 GPa (+68.3%) and 4402 ± 213 kJ/m3 (+30.5%), the flexural modulus and toughness reached 4.14 ± 0.04 GPa (+42.8%) and 0.44 ± 0.01 J (+83.3%). Moreover, the Tg of EP was only decreased by 2.7°C. In addition, their warp‐knitted bidirectional carbon fiber composites also have enhancements in both flexural properties and interlaminar shear strength (all improved by more than 20%). What is noticeable is that the preparation and blending of fully aminated p‐polyaramid are simpler and more effective than most other micro‐ or nanofillers, and the dispersion is more uniform. Thus, it can act as a highly effective reinforcement and strengthen the properties of DGEBA and its carbon fiber composite materials significantly.

Highlights

Fully aminated p‐polyaramid is uniformly dispersed in EP by chemical bonds.

DGEBA is strengthened and toughened without a significant decrease in Tg.

The tensile and flexural modulus of EP is increased by 68.3% and 42.8%.

Fully aminated p‐polyaramid can reinforce warp‐knitted carbon fiber composite.
Tribologically enhanced self‐healing hybrid laminates for wind turbine applications
Authors: Hasirci Kemal , Ergene Berkay , Irez Alaeddin Burak
Published: November 2024

Wind turbines are subjected to extreme weather and load conditions; hence, high strength and impact resistance are required. Furthermore, wind turbine blades can be subjected to impact loads such as bird strikes, resulting in the formation of microcracks. Self‐healing capsules can be used to mend turbine blades for microscale damage. The incorporation of self‐healing capsules may cause a decrease in the mechanical characteristics of the composites prior to impact resistance, which can be compensated for with efficient fillers such as silicon carbide whiskers (SiCw). Thus, a novel hybrid composite structure is examined with the advantage of using a self‐healing mechanism and SiCw reinforcement. Tensile, tribological, and Charpy impact tests were performed to characterize the mechanical and tribological properties, which were supported with microscopic observations. Multiple experimental characterizations were performed to investigate the impact, and the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and energy absorption capacity of the structure were shown to increase by 32% and 45%, respectively, with the addition of SiCw. The presence of self‐healing agents provides a 5% rise in UTS after enough time for healing following the collision. The structure's tribological performance is improved by 10% in wear resistance and 20% in friction coefficient.

Highlights

Hybrid laminated composite structure with silicon carbide whisker and self‐healing capsules.

Tensile and Charpy impact tests conducted with microscopic observations

Increased ultimate tensile strength and energy absorption capacity by 32% and 45%.

Tribological improvement by 10% in wear resistance and 20% in friction coefficient.
Plasma‐Activated Hydrogel Synergies With Paclitaxel to Enhance the Anticancer Efficacy
Authors: Wang Zewei , Jing Xixi , Wu Zijin , Xu Shengduo , Wu Tong , Wang Shiyao , Zhang Jishen , Wang Zifeng , Liu Dingxin , Zhang Hao , Rong Mingzhe
Published: November 2024

Cold atmospheric plasma‐activated hydrogel (PAH) exhibits excellent loading and slow‐release capacity for plasma‐generated reactive species. In this study, plasma‐activated pluronic F127 hydrogel (PAH‐PF127) was obtained using surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD), and the anticancer effects of PAH‐F127 synergies with the clinical drug paclitaxel (PTX) were investigated. The results indicated that PAH‐PF127 could load plasma‐generated long‐lived reactive species efficiently, and in vitro research revealed that PAH‐PF127 exerts significant anticancer effects by inducing intracellular oxidative stress, and synergies with 50 μg/mL (low‐dose) PTX could easily replace 200 μg/mL (high‐dose) PTX alone. These results suggested that PAH‐PF127 has the potential to address the toxic side effects of high‐dose drugs and expand the application of plasma technology in anticancer treatment.
Lost in translation: The need for updated messaging strategies in invasion biology communication
Authors: Reeb Rachel A. , Heberling J. Mason
Published: November 2024

Societal Impact Statement

As with any complex environmental challenge, information about the “invasive species problem” must be communicated effectively to generate widespread public trust, understanding, and engagement in solutions. However, there is growing recognition that conventional messaging strategies can be ineffective or even detrimental at activating the broader public. Flawed communication practices can have harmful societal impacts by perpetuating misinformation, propagating feelings of panic and fatalism, and disaffecting audience members within historically marginalized communities. In this article, we draw attention to existing communication barriers in invasion biology and attempt to address the flawed messaging strategies which perpetuate negative societal outcomes.

Effective communication about introduced, invasive species is necessary for the public to engage in productive dialogue and participate in solutions. Best practices in communication are more essential than ever before, as the harmful environmental and societal impacts of invasive species are exacerbated by globalization and anthropogenic disturbance. In this article, we review how public misunderstanding and mistrust present persistent barriers to invasion biology communication. We then describe three flawed messaging strategies that underlie these barriers. These strategies include fear appeals, simplified invasion metaphors, and militaristic and xenophobic language. Though intended to inspire a public sense of urgency and action, these strategies more often stoke sentiments of confusion and mistrust when employed in practice. Efforts to develop new best practices in communication are already underway. However, there is a great need for efficacy testing and wider adoption among science and education professionals alike. We draw from the interdisciplinary literature to recommend specific forms of value appeals, metaphors, and language that are a promising foundation for improvement.
Proteomics and Metabolomics Study on the Responses of Sertoli Cells Infected With Brucella and Its bvfA‐Deletion Strains
Authors: Jia Fang , Yang Jiangliu , Wang Yujiong , Liu Jun , Zhou Xuezhang
Published: November 2024

Objective

To investigate the potential effects of BvfA in reproductive system damage caused by Brucella.

Methods

Brucella intracellular multiplication ability was determined by a gentamicin protection assay; the LDH method was used to determine the lethal effect of Brucella on TM4 cells. Afterward, Label‐free proteomics and LC‐MS/MS metabolomics assays were combined to reveal differential abundant proteins and metabolites of TM4 cells infected with bvfA‐deletion strains and parental strains. Finally, PRM mass spectrometry and western blot analysis were carried out to confirm differential expression of proteins.

Results

This report demonstrated that bvfA‐deletion strains failed to invade TM4 cells and reconstitution of invasion when a strain with gene bvfA was reintroduced to the deletion strain in 3 h. The bvfA‐deletion exhibited weakened intracellular multiplication compared with parental strains in TM4 cells in 12 h; however, the death rate of TM4 cells infected with bvfA‐deletion strains was higher than that of TM4 cells infected with parental strains. Combined proteomics and metabolomics analyses revealed that the differential abundant proteins and metabolites in TM4 cells infected with bvfA‐deletion and parental strains mainly involved the mineral absorption‐related pathway, NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit‐related mitochondrial respiratory signaling pathway, and sphingolipid signaling pathway of TM4 cells. These three signaling pathways were involved in expression changes of TRPM6/7, STEAP1, Gnaq, Trp53, Pbk, Tns2, Akt2, and the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit, as well as content changes of l‐Valine, l‐Isoleucine, l‐Methionine, PC, PE DG, and SM metabolites.

Significance

These results indicated that BvfA of Brucella abortus S19 affected the above proteins and metabolites in TM4 cells.
Bioavailability and phytotoxicity of clomazone to corn depend on soil characteristics and can be estimated by in situ pore water
Authors: Cao Duantao , Peng Wenwen , Xu Hanghang , Fu Xiaoxiang , Gong Xia , Yu Sumei , Wei Hongyi , Zhou Qinghong , Huang Yingjin
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

The injury caused by residual herbicides in soils to subsequent crops has been frequently reported and is largely related to soil physicochemical properties. Elucidating the interactions between herbicide toxicity and soil properties could help assess its phytotoxicity based on local soil characteristics. Here, the influence of soil properties on the accumulation and toxicity of clomazone as a model compound to corn was explored to obtain a universal indicator for estimating the toxicity of herbicides against crops.

RESULTS

The phytotoxicity of clomazone to corn differed in the five tested soils with the median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values, according to the added concentration, fluctuating between 2.80 and 26.97 mg/kg. The uptake of clomazone by corn was primarily affected by its sorption onto soils and showed a positive correlation with the concentration of clomazone in in situ pore water (CIPW) (R2 ≥ 0.775, P < 0.001). In contrast to results derived from traditional soil clomazone concentrations (Csoil) determined through organic solvent extraction, consistent IC50 values (1.344–1.626 mg/L) were obtained based on CIPW in all five soils with a much lower coefficient of variation.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings indicate that measuring the concentration of clomazone in in situ pore water provides a reliable and comparable method for evaluating its bioavailability and phytotoxicity on corn. Using CIPW rather than Csoil as a herbicide indicator is more accurate for assessing its actual phytotoxicity. These results are important for the scientific application of clomazone and the safe production of corn. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Nanoscale Mapping of the Structural Relaxation in Microstructured InxGa1−xN Pseudosubstrates by Scanning X‐ray Diffraction Microscopy
Authors: Zatterin Edoardo M. , Barbier Frédéric , Torrengo Simona , Ferret Pierre , Veux Guillaume , Martin Brigitte , Lévy François , Schülli Tobias U. , Dussaigne Amélie
Published: November 2024

The technological advancement of mobile devices for virtual and augmented reality requires displays that are faster, more energy‐efficient, and of higher resolution. InxGa1−xN‐based micro‐light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) have the potential to realize such advanced displays thanks to their ability to provide emission of red, green, and blue light simply by tuning the In concentration. However, efficient emission in the red still remains a challenge, as it requires high In contents (≈30–40%) that are unobtainable in InxGa1−xN epitaxial layers pseudomorphically strained to GaN substrates. Research efforts have therefore focused on achieving elastic relaxation of the active InxGa1−xN portion of the LED device to allow greater In incorporation, e.g., through the addition of partially relaxed intermediate InxGa1−xN layers in the heterostructure. Herein, the extent of strain relaxation in InxGa1−xN pseudosubstrates grown on GaN‐on‐sapphire substrates as induced by patterning in mesas 10 μm2 in size is evaluated. Using synchrotron‐based scanning X‐ray diffraction microscopy, the lattice strain and tilt are mapped in a single mesa as well as in an ensemble of mesas with ≈60 nm spatial resolution, demonstrating the effectiveness of the processing route in producing high‐quality, partially relaxed InxGa1−xN pseudosubstrates.
Epigenetic Effects of Natural Products in Inflammatory Diseases: Recent Findings
Authors: Yao Qianyi , Wei Tanjun , Qiu Hongmei , Cai Yongqing , Yuan Lie , Liu Xin , Li Xiaoli
Published: November 2024

Inflammation is an essential step for the etiology of multiple diseases. Clinically, due to the limitations of current drugs for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as serious side effects and expensive costs, it is urgent to explore novel mechanisms and medicines. Natural products have received extensive attention recently because of their multi‐component and multi‐target characteristics. Epigenetic modifications are crucial pathophysiological targets for developing innovative therapies for pharmacological interventions. Investigations examining how natural products improving inflammation through epigenetic modifications are emerging. This review state that natural products relieve inflammation via regulating the gene transcription levels through chromosome structure regulated by histone acetylation levels and the addition or deletion of methyl groups on DNA duplex. They could also exert anti‐inflammatory effects by modulating the proteins in typical inflammatory signaling pathways by ubiquitin‐related degradation and the effect of glycolysis derived free glycosyls. Studies on epigenetic modifications have the potential to facilitate the development of natural products as therapeutic agents. Future research directed at better understanding of how natural products modulate inflammatory processes through less studied epigenetic modifications including neddylation, SUMOylation, palmitoylation and lactylation, may provide new implications. Meanwhile, higher quality preclinical studies and more powerful clinical evidence are still needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of the natural products. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01764204; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05845931; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04657926; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02330276
Red Yeast Rice or Lovastatin? A Comparative Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy Through a Multifaceted Approach
Authors: Rigillo Giovanna , Baini Giulia , Bruni Renato , Puja Giulia , Miraldi Elisabetta , Pani Luca , Tascedda Fabio , Biagi Marco
Published: November 2024

The increasing use of red yeast rice (RYR) as a natural supplement to manage blood cholesterol levels is driven by its active compound, monacolin K (MK), which is chemically identical to the statin drug lovastatin (LOV). Despite its growing popularity, concerns persists regarding the safety and efficacy of RYR compared to pure statins. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition, pharmacological effects, and safety profile of various RYR samples in comparison with LOV. RYR samples with different MK content were analyzed using HPLC‐DAD to quantify monacolins and other bioactive compounds. The inhibitory activity on HMG‐CoA reductase was assessed through an enzymatic assay, while pharmacokinetic properties were predicted using in vitro simulated digestion and in silico models. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated in intestinal, hepatic, renal, and skeletal muscle cell models. Additionally, the transcriptional levels of muscle damage‐related target genes were evaluated by qRT‐PCR in skeletal muscle cells treated with a selection of RYR samples. Significant variability in the phytochemical composition of RYR samples was observed, particularly in the content of secondary monacolins, triterpenes, and polyphenols. The RYR phytocomplex exhibited superior inhibition of HMG‐CoA reductase activity compared to isolated LOV, suggesting synergistic effects between secondary monacolins and other compounds. Molecular insights revealed that RYR samples had a lower impact on muscle cells than LOV, as reflected also by cell viability. These findings suggest that RYR could serve as a safe alternative to purified statins. However, further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms behind the synergistic activity of the phytocomplex and to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of this natural product.
Sustainable development goals and corporate financial performance: Examining the influence of stakeholder engagement
Authors: Lin Woon Leong , Chong Siong Choy , Wong Kelly Kai Seng
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the relationship between sustainable development goals (SDG) and corporate financial performance (CFP) in the motor vehicle manufacturing sector. Using a comprehensive dataset from CSRHUB database, covering 380 companies from 2016 to 2022, we analyze how SDG‐related disclosures—across depth, breadth, and concentration—impact financial metrics such as return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), return on invested capital (ROIC), and Tobin's Q. The study employs the system generalized method of moments (System GMM) to mitigate endogeneity concerns, ensuring robust results. Our findings reveal that while SDG initiatives positively influence CFP, the role of stakeholder engagement is pivotal. Firms with comprehensive SDG strategies and high stakeholder engagement experience superior financial outcomes. However, an overly narrow focus on specific SDG themes, even with strong stakeholder interactions, correlates with weaker financial performance. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on corporate sustainability by highlighting the moderating effect of stakeholder engagement in SDG disclosures. The findings offer practical implications for both policymakers and business leaders, suggesting a balanced approach to SDG reporting to maximize financial performance.
Silver‐Nanoparticles‐Based Composites for Antimicrobial Applications: An Update
Authors: Manisekaran Ravichandran , Chettiar Aruna‐Devi Rasu , Marasamy Latha , Ibarra Veronica Campos , Lopez‐Ayuso Christian Andrea , Chavez‐Granados Patricia Alejandra , Kandasamy Ganeshlenin , Acosta‐Torres Laura Susana , Arthikala Manoj‐Kumar
Published: November 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which develops into superbugs, poses a significant challenge to global health leading to 4.95 million deaths in 2019, necessitating the exploration of alternative strategies. AMR is responsible for a significant economic cost estimated by the World Bank, where AMR could result in additional healthcare costs of US$ 1 trillion by 2050. Thus, overcoming these drawbacks is of great importance. Fortunately, the advent of 21st century nanotechnology provides an ample opportunity to develop diverse nanomaterials along with specific functionalization to treat bacteria, fungi, or viruses more effectively with the combination of innovative technologies. Among these, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are considered a great boon in the area of AMR, which has a long history of practice. However, in recent years, Ag‐based composites have been designed by scientists to enhance their antimicrobial effects at minimal concentrations, thereby depending on synergism. Thus, in this review, we provide an update on the recent advances in Ag‐based composites with metals, polymers, and carbon for various antimicrobial applications. In addition, we focused on the mechanisms that assist in tackling microbes and the toxicity of AgNPs. Thus, in this review, we highlight the synergistic effects of AgNP‐based composites in combating several microorganisms.
Addressing Mental Health Symptoms Among COVID‐19 Healthcare Workers: A Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Pilot Study
Authors: Lee Darlene , Erande Ashwini , Christodoulou Georgia , Malik Shaista
Published: November 2024

Psychological stress among frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic, elevating mental health risks. Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV‐BF) is an evidence‐based intervention with potential to reduce psychological burden on frontline HCWs; however, no studies have examined its use among this population since the pandemic began. We designed a trial to assess the effects of a brief HRV‐BF intervention delivered via telemedicine on measures of anxiety, depression and stress, and heart rate variability, compared to an in‐person intervention. We hypothesised that the telemedicine intervention would be non‐inferior to the in‐person intervention. Using a randomized comparison trial design, we tested a 10‐day brief heart rate variability biofeedback intervention among frontline HCWs during the COVID‐19 pandemic. They received remote, 30‐min guided sessions every other day and were taught methods of heart rate variability biofeedback. Depression, anxiety and stress were assessed at baseline, 10 days, and 40 days with additional measures of anxiety measured before and after each session. HRV scores were collected at baseline, as well as during the course of the 10 days. Multilevel modelling was used to examine the change in depression, anxiety, stress and HRV scores across multiple time points and session types (telemedicine vs. in‐person). There was no significant differences between telemedicine (n = 32) and in‐person (n = 15) interventions on the main outcomes. Both session types showed a significant decrease in depression, anxiety and stress scores across the entire intervention, and HRV scores significantly increased across both groups. Anxiety levels also significantly decreased after each session. The non‐inferiority of the telemedicine intervention to a comparable in‐person intervention affirms its promise for decreasing anxiety, depression and stress among frontline HCWs and may offer a cost‐effective and feasible tool to use in crises situations.
Ultrasmall Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots with Robust Antioxidative Properties for Acute Kidney and Liver Injury Therapy
Authors: Zhang Jingyang , Han Shuyan , Zhao Zixuan , Zhou Chufan , Chen Haolin , Hou Jingtao , Wu Jun
Published: November 2024

Acute organ injuries, such as acute kidney injury (AKI) and acute liver injury (ALI), usually present high morbidity and mortality in patients. However, the current clinical treatments remain limited, especially the lack of effective drug‐based treatment. Since these acute injuries are often associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, it is a promising strategy to develop therapeutic agents with potent ROS scavenging ability and excellent biocompatibility for efficient antioxidation therapy. Black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs), low‐dimensional nanomaterials prepared through a straightforward one‐step method and capable of complete controllable biodegradation, offer significant potential. This study comprehensively explores the extensive free‐radical scavenging capabilities of BPQDs, underscoring their immense potential in treating ROS‐related organ injuries. BPQDs could simultaneously achieve radical scavenging of DPPH, ABTS·, OH·, and O2−· and exhibit excellent cytoprotective effects against ROS‐mediated damage even at extremely low dosages. Besides, the ultrasmall size of BPQDs (≈3‐5 nm) allows them to effectively penetrate the glomerular filtration barrier (≈6 nm), significantly improving the symptoms of AKI and ALI in vivo. The therapeutic efficacy and great biocompatibility of BPQDs facilitate the clinical management of ROS‐related diseases, which will broaden the applications of QDs in the field of biomedicine.
Modular Micromotor Fabrication with Self‐Focusing Lithography
Authors: Guo Qingxin , Zeng Binglin , Cao Yingnan , Li Xiaofeng , Chen Jingyuan , Wang Wei , Tang Jinyao
Published: November 2024

Synthetic Janus micro/nanomotors can efficiently convert ambient energy into asymmetrical self‐propulsive force, overcoming random thermal fluctuations and enabling autonomous migration. Further modifications to the motors can equip them with different functional modules to meet different needs. However, developing a versatile and high‐yield fabrication method for multifunctional Janus micromotors remains challenging. In this study, a modular fabrication approach for micromotors with a particle‐tip structure based on the self‐focusing lithography induced by an array of TiO2 microspheres is presented. By adjusting the tip composition or loading, precise programming of motor functionality is achieved, allowing for various capabilities such as photoredox reaction‐induced propulsion, fluorescent imaging, electric and magnetic navigation. Furthermore, the flexibility of this fabrication method by selectively loading materials onto two tips is demonstrated to achieve multifunctionality within a micromotor unit. This study proposes a straightforward and versatile approach for modular functional micromotors.
Search‐Based MC/DC Test Data Generation With OCL Constraints
Authors: Sartaj Hassan , Zohaib Iqbal Muhammad , Ahmed Jilani Atif Aftab , Uzair Khan Muhammad
Published: November 2024

System‐level testing of avionics software systems requires compliance with different international safety standards such as DO‐178C. An important consideration of the avionics industry is automated test data generation according to the criteria suggested by safety standards. One of the recommended criteria by DO‐178C is the modified condition/decision coverage (MC/DC) criterion. Current model‐based test data generation approaches use constraints written in Object Constraint Language (OCL) and apply search techniques to generate test data. These approaches either do not support MC/DC criterion or suffer from performance issues while generating test data for large‐scale avionics systems. In this paper, we propose an effective way to automate MC/DC test data generation during model‐based testing. We develop a strategy that utilizes case‐based reasoning (CBR) and range reduction heuristics designed to solve MC/DC‐tailored OCL constraints. We performed an empirical study to compare our proposed strategy for MC/DC test data generation using CBR, range reduction, both CBR and range reduction, with an original search algorithm, and random search. We also empirically compared our strategy with existing constraint‐solving approaches. The results show that both CBR and range reduction for MC/DC test data generation outperform the baseline approach. Moreover, the combination of both CBR and range reduction for MC/DC test data generation is an effective approach compared to existing constraint solvers.
Complexes of Alkaline Earth Metal Ions with the Cyclodimethylsiloxane Ligands D7, D8 and D9 (D=Me2SiO)
Authors: Richter Roman‐Malte , Heinrichs Jasmin , Weiß Pauline , Subrati Zainab , von Hänisch Carsten
Published: November 2024

We present complexes of alkaline earth metal ions with the large cyclodimethylsiloxane D7, D8 and D9. The compounds prepared are [Mg(D7)(H2O)2][GaI4]2 (1⋅2H2O), [Ca(D8)][GaI4]2 (2), [Sr(D8)][GaI4]2 (3), [Ba(D8)][GaI4]2 (4), [Ca(D9)][GaI4]2 (5), [Sr(D9)][GaI4]2 (6) and [Ba(D9)][GaI4]2 (7). Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy were used to analyze the prepared compounds and coordination modes in the solid state and in solution.
Use of Online Shop Chatbots: How Trust in Seller Moderates Brand Preference and Purchase Intention
Authors: Illescas-Manzano María , Martínez-Puertas Sergio , Cardoso Paulo Ribeiro , Segovia-López Cristina
Published: November 2024

This study examines the role that chatbots, an application of AI in e-commerce customer service, play in increasing online trust in brands and how, from this trust, interaction with chatbots can impact brand preference and purchase intention A conceptual model based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Information System Success Model (IS) is proposed to understand the relationships between the utility, ease-of-use, and responsiveness of a chatbot, online trust, brand preference, and purchase intention. Based on a sample of Spanish consumers, this study provides a better understanding of how to build trust online and how this can strengthen the relationship with the consumer and lead to a purchase. At the same time, it alerts professionals to the need to design chatbots that are useful and respond efficiently and quickly in their customer service. The results of our study aim to help brands in designing chatbots to provide e-services that consolidate customer relationships and foster sales.
Analyzing the Relationship Between Healthcare Quality and Patient Satisfaction in the Case of Spain: Some Panel Data Evidence
Authors: Perals Paula Ortega , Rambaud Salvador Cruz , García Javier Sánchez
Published: November 2024

One of the major concerns of every national government is to achieve the effectiveness of the healthcare system and understanding the efficiency of a system in terms of patient satisfaction. Currently, quality of care is the main driver of patient satisfaction, and their relationship has been widely studied in recent years mainly due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The main objective of this work is to demonstrate the relationship between quality and satisfaction in the case of Spain and to determine which quality indicators in healthcare affect patient satisfaction. The data analyzed correspond to the 17 regions of Spain from 2007 to 2019. The methodology used is based on dynamic panel data with a two-step generalized method of moments applied in the regression models. The results show that hospital mortality is the only quality variable affecting patient satisfaction in a negative way. The main contribution of the work is to empirically test the relationship between these two variables in the case of Spain by taking into account the differences between regions. For further research, other quality measures and satisfaction indices should be implemented in order to complete the recent work.
Nurturing Sustainability in Agricultural Firms: The Role of Relational Marketing with Stakeholders and the Moderating Influence of Firm’s Attitudes Toward Sustainability
Authors: García-Agüero Ana Isabel , Terán-Yépez Eduardo , Belmonte-Ureña Luis J. , Camacho-Ferre Francisco
Published: November 2024

This study delves into the strategic intersection of sustainability practices, relational marketing, and firm attitudes in the agricultural sector, emphasizing the imperative of balancing economic viability with environmental responsibility. As global concerns over climate change, resource depletion, and ethical sourcing escalate, the agricultural industry faces unprecedented challenges that necessitate innovative and enduring solutions. Drawing on stakeholder theory, the study proposes a conceptual framework that integrates a firm’s relational marketing with stakeholders and the implementation of sustainable practices while considering the moderating influence of firm attitudes toward sustainability. The research underscores the pivotal role of stakeholders in driving agricultural firms toward sustainable initiatives, highlighting the positive impact of strong relationships on the adoption of sustainable practices. By fostering collaborative partnerships and demonstrating a firm commitment to sustainability, companies can enhance their social and environmental responsibility while strengthening their competitive advantage. The study also explores the moderating effect of firm attitudes towards sustainability, emphasizing the importance of proactive organizational attitudes in facilitating the relationship between relational marketing and sustainable practices implementation.
Methods for Managing the Tacit Knowledge of Employees with Long Scientific Seniority Using the Example of Research Institutions. Preliminary Assumptions
Authors: Tomiczak Katarzyna H.
Published: November 2024

Tacit knowledge management among employees with long scientific seniority within research institutions in Poland and the European Union is being discussed. The key question under analysis is: How should the tacit knowledge of employees with long scientific seniority be managed to preserve their legacy and facilitate its transfer to younger generations? As a part of a doctoral thesis, this study aims to verify and develop methods to support the management of tacit knowledge of employees with long scientific seniority in construction institutions. To achieve this, research comprising surveys and in-depth interviews will be conducted among employees of research institutions. The anticipated outcome of this study is a comprehensive method for tacit knowledge management, which includes elements such as an environment supporting knowledge transfer, cooperation techniques, and age diversity management. The insights from this research could provide a foundation for further investigation in other regions and disciplines, ultimately leading to a deeper understanding of the process of transferring tacit knowledge of senior researchers.
Foamed Concrete Reinforced with Polypropylene Fibers and Geotextile in Geotechnical Applications
Authors: Kadela Marta , Drusa Marian
Published: November 2024

Foamed concrete is known as lightweight or cellular concrete. It is commonly defined as a cementitious material with a minimum of 20% (by volume) mechanically entrained foam in the mortar mix where air-pores are entrapped in the matrix by means of a suitable foaming agent. Although the foamed concrete has been patented in 1923, it is mainly used as a filling or leveling material. The use of foamed concrete has been limited e.g. for backfilling retaining walls. As a material used in contact with the ground, it is a relatively new material. In order to use foamed concrete in road construction as a replacement for hydraulically bound mixtures, the improvement of foamed concrete was considered. The article presents the two different type of polypropylene reinforced of foamed concrete. Polypropylene fibers with content of 0.3 kg/m3 and 6.37 kg/m3 were used. For foamed concrete samples with addition of 6.37 kg/m3 PP fibers, the splitting tensile strength increased. In second case, the polypropylene geotextiles with weight 150 g/m2, 200 g/m2 and 500 g/m2 were used. It can be observed that flexural strength for foamed concrete reinforced with geotextile samples was higher compared to the base (unreinforced) foamed concrete sample. On this basis, the suitability of using reinforced foamed concrete in the road pavement-subsoil system was determined.
Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced - Latex Modified Mortar for Installation of Granite Paving Blocks on Various Road Sections
Authors: Šušteršič Jakob , Ercegovič Rok , Drolc Sandi , Kabashi Naser
Published: November 2024

The paper discusses the use of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced - Latex Modified Mortar (PFR-LMM) for installation of granite paving blocks (GPBs) on various road sections in Slovenia. The following four examples are considered: two inner rings of roundabouts on both sides of the bridge over the Sava River on the bypass near Krško, a roundabout in front of the entrance to the Šoštanj thermal power plant and one part of a street in Ljubljana. GPBs were installed on a slab made with Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC). The workability of the fresh PFR-LMM had to be such that it filled the joints between the GPBs. Hardened PFR-LMM, however, must provide a good bond between the GPBs to ensure resistance to traffic loads and resistance to constantly changing weather and temperature influences. The age of the subject applications is between 5 and 11 years.
Optimization of Eco-Sustainable, Form-Stable Phase Change Material to Be Incorporated in Aerial-Lime-Based Mortars
Authors: Guzmán García Lascurain Paulina , Amendola Alessandro , Frigione Mariaenrica , Sarcinella Antonella , Toniolo Lucia , Goidanich Sara
Published: November 2024

The building sector faces a challenge to find innovative and sustainable ways to increment the energy-efficiency of buildings and reduce their environmental impact. Recently, the incorporation of phase change material (PCM), based on a polymeric active phase (PEG-1000) in waste stone aggregates, has proven to be a promising option to be used for building restoration. Mortars that include PCM aggregates demonstrated to have favorable thermal properties, that would lead to a reduction of energy requirement for heating/cooling needs. However, the inclusion of aggregates impregnated by PEG causes a reduction in the mechanical properties of the mortars possibly due to (i) a lack of compatibility between aggregate and binder, or (ii) a problem with the confinement of the PEG, causing its dispersion in the mortar. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the causes associated to the reduction of the mechanical properties and propose a method to prevent it. Preliminary results showed that, given its high water solubility, the PEG 1000 included in the stone aggregates tends to be washed away when these aggregates are incorporated in the mortar mixture. This hypothesis was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. Therefore, an additional confinement method using a layer to coat the stone aggregates impregnated by PEG 1000 was proposed in this study. Different materials were tested as coating layer: powder calcium hydroxide, milk of lime (suspension of Ca(OH)2 in water), pozzolana, and cocciopesto. Carbonated mortar samples using the proposed coated aggregates were, then, analyzed using FTIR to evaluate the efficiency of this encapsulation methodology. Preliminary results suggested a relevant improvement in terms of PEG confinement.
Sustainable Development Approach for 3D Concrete Printing
Authors: Kaszyńska Maria , Skibicki Szymon
Published: November 2024

In the current era, sustainability has gained significant importance within the field of civil engineering. The promising technology of 3D printing for cementitious materials addresses the mentioned challenges. This study provides a briefly overview of the sustainable approach to 3D printed concrete, covering both technological and material aspects. The paper presents a thorough analysis of the essential properties of 3D printed concrete from a sustainable perspective. Specifically, the composition of binders and aggregates is examined in relation to sustainable development. In case of technological aspects various research studies have demonstrated that the mentioned aspects of 3D concrete printing have the potential to achieve a minimum reduction of 50% in CO2 emissions. Furthermore, modifying materials can help protect natural resources from depletion, and the use of alternative binders can further reduce CO2 emissions. The findings presented in this work pave the way for new directions in future research endeavors.
Evolution of Early-Age Mechanical and Failure Behavior of 3D Printed Polymer Concrete
Authors: Najvani Mohammad Amin D. , Murcia Daniel Heras , Taha Mahmoud Reda
Published: November 2024

The increasing interest in 3d printing of concrete for infrastructure applications necessitates having a design for this process. Previous research has mostly focused on 3D printable cement-based concrete mixes, with less attention given to 3D printed polymer concrete (PC). PC is a concrete type that uses polymer instead of cement as a binder. It offers improved compressive and tensile strengths, crack resistance and bond strengths, and superior durability than traditional Portland cement concrete, making it an excellent material for 3D printing. This study aims to understand the evolution of the early-age mechanical properties of fresh polymer concrete and its potential failure during printing. Unconfined uniaxial compression and direct shear tests were performed on fresh polymer concrete for the first 110 min after mixing to determine the evolution of mechanical and failure characteristics with time. Such characteristics include compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, cohesive strength, and friction angle. A time-dependent early-age Mohr-Coulomb failure envelope is established to describe the mechanical and failure behavior of 3D printed polymer concrete.
Soft Means of Concrete Modification – Curing Conditions
Authors: Woyciechowski Piotr , Jackiewicz-Rek Wioletta , Jaworska Beata
Published: November 2024

Concrete curing is an important activity from the point of view of shaping all the properties of concrete, and the way it is carried out depends primarily on the type of binder used. The optimal care effect is a kind of soft method of positive modification. Choosing such an optimal method is not an easy task, especially if the composite contains a complex binder whose components have different care requirements. The article review considerations on the optimal method of polymer-cement concrete curing, as well as the possibility of using various forms of polymers in the curing process of cement concretes.
Neutron Radiation Shielding of C-PC and Geopolymers
Authors: Piotrowski Tomasz , Prochoń Piotr , Wojtkowska Magdalena
Published: November 2024

The aim of the paper is to evaluate neutron shielding efficiency of ordinary concrete, heavy-weight concrete and geopolymer concrete modified with epoxy additive. Evaluation was based on neutron shielding efficiency calculations. Since the commonly used fast neutron effective removal cross-section calculation does not take into account thermal neutron absorption reactions, a method adopted from the fast neutron effective removal cross-section calculation based on the macroscopic cross-section calculation for compositions is therefore applied. The results confirmed that an efficient neutron shield requires a balanced mixture of light and heavy nuclei and polymer modification is a proper way for increasing neutron shielding efficiency.
Interactive Features in University Textbooks and Their Use by Teachers and Students
Authors: Mesa Vilma , Burley-Sanford Lelia , Hao Xinyi , Quiroz Carlos
Published: November 2024

The expansion of the field of interactive textbooks, thanks to the evolution and accessibility of production tools, has significantly facilitated basic research on these resources. There is building evidence in post-secondary education, that user interaction with learning resources (apps, videos, assessment systems) facilitate learning (Stains et al., 2018). Moreover, the field has been able to advance both theories and methods to investigate the use of these resources using real time data (Trouche, 2020a, 2020b; Trouche et al., 2020). In this context, we ask: to what extent does a teachers’ use of a particular textbook feature influence their students’ use of that feature?
Investigating Teachers’ Interactions with Textbooks: Findings from Secondary Mathematics Teachers in Shanghai, China
Authors: Fan Lianghuo , Xie Sicheng , Luo Jietong , Wang Yisu , Cheng Jing
Published: November 2024

We conducted a study on how Shanghai secondary mathematics teachers interact with textbooks. A conceptual framework was established for the study. Data were collected from 133 teachers in 13 randomly selected schools through a questionnaire survey and follow-up interviews with 24 of them. Results show that Shanghai mathematics teachers interacted with textbooks to a varying extent, and they adapted most frequently on mathematical thinking and methods, and least frequently on affects, attitudes and values. Meanwhile, mathematics teachers in high-performing schools and private schools adapted textbooks more frequently, while there was overall no statistically significant difference between teachers with different demographic features. Furthermore, teachers interacted more frequently with student books and teacher manuals than with exercise books. Implications and suggestions are discussed.
Examining Geometry in the Textbook and Teacher’s Guide at Middle School in the Light of Van Hiele’s Model and Didactical Phenomenology
Authors: Gebremichael Andualem Tamiru
Published: November 2024

This paper reports about a study undertaken on the mathematics textbook and teacher’s guide used at 6th grade in Ethiopia, with a particular focus on geometry. The study draws on a framework composed of van Hiele’s model of geometrical thinking and Freudenthal’s didactical phenomenology. The interest is to find out which levels of geometrical thinking are emphasized and whether phenomena familiar to Ethiopian children are used as context. Document analysis method is used. The results show that geometry topics mostly focus on analysis and informal deduction levels. The approach is usually contrary to van Hiele’s suggestion of order. Ethiopian grade six students are demanded to demonstrate formal deduction level. The study’s implications are set out.