bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unimer Exchange Is not Necessary for Morphological Transitions in Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly
Authors: Debrie Clément , Coudert Noémie , Guigner Jean‐Michel , Nicolai Taco , Stoffelbach François , Colombani Olivier , Rieger Jutta
Published: December 2022

Polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) has established itself as a powerful and straightforward method to produce polymeric nano‐objects of various morphologies in (aqueous) solution. Generally, spheres are formed in the early stages of polymerization that may evolve to higher order morphologies (worms or vesicles), as the solvophobic block grows during polymerization. Hitherto, the mechanisms involved in these morphological transitions during PISA are still not well understood. Combining a systematic study of a representative PISA system with rheological measurements, we demonstrate that—unexpectedly—unimer exchange is not necessary to form higher order morphologies during radical RAFT‐mediated PISA. Instead, in the investigated aqueous PISA, the monomer present in the polymerization medium is responsible for the morphological transitions, even though it slows down unimer exchange.
Synthesis of Unprotected β‐Arylethylamines by Iron(II)‐Catalyzed 1,2‐Aminoarylation of Alkenes in Hexafluoroisopropanol
Authors: Pozhydaiev Valentyn , Vayer Marie , Fave Claire , Moran Joseph , Lebœuf David
Published: December 2022

β‐Arylethylamines are prevalent structural motifs in molecules exhibiting biological activity. Here we report a sequential one‐pot protocol for the 1,2‐aminoarylation of alkenes with hydroxylammonium triflate salts and (hetero)arenes. Unlike existing methods, this reaction provides a direct entry to unprotected β‐arylethylamines with remarkable functional group tolerance, allowing key drug‐oriented functional groups to be installed in a two‐step process. The use of hexafluoroisopropanol as a solvent in combination with an iron(II) catalyst proved essential to reaching high‐value nitrogen‐containing molecules.
A Configurationally Confined Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Two‐Coordinate CuI Complex for Efficient Blue Electroluminescence
Authors: Wang Hai‐Jie , Liu Yuan , Yu Baoqiu , Song Shi‐Quan , Zheng You‐Xuan , Liu Kanglei , Chen Pangkuan , Wang Hailong , Jiang Jianzhuang , Li Tian‐Yi
Published: December 2022

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) from linear two‐coordinate coinage metal complexes is sensitive to the geometric arrangement of the ligands. Herein we realize the tuning of configuration from coplanar to orthogonal gradually by variation of substituents. In a complex with confined twist configuration, its blue emission peaking at 458 nm presents a high ΦPL of 0.74 and a short τTADF of 1.9 μs, which indicates a fast enough kr,TADF of 3.9×105 s−1 and a depressed knr of 1.4×105 s−1. Such outstanding luminescent properties are attributed to the proper overlap of HOMO and LUMO on CuI d orbitals that guarantees not only small ΔEST but also sufficient transition oscillator strength for fast
. Vacuum‐deposited blue OLEDs with either doped or host‐free emissive layer present external quantum efficiencies over 20 % and 10 %, respectively, demonstrating the practicality of the configurationally confined strategy for efficient linear CuI TADF emitters.
Effect of sepiolite on properties of silicone rubber/melamine/starch/sepiolite flame retardant composites
Authors: Liu Jianqiao , Xin Zhenxiang
Published: December 2022

In this work, a novel silicone rubber composite with low smoke, good mechanical property, and excellent flame retardant was prepared by introducing melamine (MEL), starch (St), and sepiolite (SEP) into SR. The effect of the amount of SEP on the mechanical properties of SR composites was investigated. The results showed that the mechanical properties were optimal when the amount of SEP was 30 phr. The tensile sections of the composites were characterized by SEM. The flame retardant properties of the composites were evaluated by oxygen index, vertical combustion, and cone calorimetry test (CCT). The thermal stability of the composites was tested by TGA. The flame retardant mechanism of the composites was also discussed. It was found that the strength and stability of the carbon layer of the composite were remarkably enhanced, and the flame retardant properties of the materials were improved with the addition of SEP. The SEM images of CCT carbon residues revealed that the carbon layer of the composite with SEP was more stable and had fewer cracks than that without SEP. This work provides new insights for the preparation of high‐performance SR composite.
Boron and nitrogen double‐doped carbon flower prepared by in‐situ copolymerization as anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Zhao Yaxin , Li Ying , Zheng Ning , Yongqi Wang , Jinfang Zhang , Ning Li , Mei Wang , Liyong Wang , Shengliang Hu , Huiqi Wang
Published: December 2022

The structural design and element regulation of the electrode materials is considered an effective strategy to improve the energy storage performance. In this paper, we developed a boron and nitrogen double‐doped carbon flower by in‐situ polymerization and high‐temperature carbonization. As an anode electrode material for lithium‐ion batteries, it shows a high first discharge capacity of 885.9 mA h g−1, and still maintained 416 mA h g−1 after 450 cycles. Furthermore, it exhibits excellent capacitance (182 mA h g−1) at the high current density (2 A g−1) and even after 3000 cycles. The unique flower structure reduces ion diffusion distance, and the boron and nitrogen atoms provide more active sites, which endow the boron and nitrogen double‐doped carbon flower with the excellent electrochemical performance. Therefore, the in‐situ polymerization is a good scheme to prepare heteroatom double‐doped nanocarbon materials with the high energy capacity.
Racial discrimination, objectalisation and reactive disobjectalisation—Pathways of integration for young Muslims in Germany
Authors: Kaiser Paul Maximilian , Barth Lena , Tuncel‐Langbehn Gonca , Ruettner Barbara , Goetzmann Lutz
Published: December 2022

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between contending objectalisation, reactive disobjectalisation and radicalization tendencies during the integration of 50 young Muslims in Germany. The largest group of people who have a history of migration in Germany are people of Turkish and Kurdish origin. During the summer and autumn of 2018, we interviewed 50 individuals from both genders aged from 18 to 25 years old. We saw that negative or contending objectalisation could lead to a reactive disobjectalisation of the German world. This reactively results in an increased occupation of Turkish culture, especially religion and radicalization, which focuses the intensification of religious views. As a result of this process, religious behavior intensifies, which is shaped by going to religious groups, mosques and activities in Islamic organizations. There also appears to be some kind of “new national feeling” where objectalisation of both cultures results in a third identity in the form of its own psychic integration. In this way a new migratory identity would be formed which inherits the “best of both cultures.”
Comparison of anthracite and GAC biofilter performance for surface‐water manganese removal
Authors: Kent Ashley N. , Earle Martin , Iannuzzi Jacqueline , Ha Cynthia , Hakes Lyda , Stoddart Amina , Knocke William , Gagnon Graham
Published: December 2022

Alameda County Water District has observed increased biofilter effluent manganese concentrations during winter operations. To investigate manganese removal across surface water biofilters during cold‐water conditions, trends were analyzed between water temperature and manganese removal across multiple testing scales, multiple biofilter influent water qualities, and both anthracite and GAC media. During acclimation of new biofilters, 100% removal of manganese was observed sooner across both anthracite and GAC biofilters brought online at 20°C compared to 12°C. Acclimation at 12°C required 18 extra days for the GAC biofilters and 48 additional days for the anthracite biofilters. For fully acclimated biofilters, a decrease in manganese removal across both GAC and anthracite biofilters at temperatures below 15°C was observed. However, greater and more consistent manganese removal was observed across GAC compared to anthracite biofilters. Performance differences between locations also suggest that operational and water quality conditions also likely affect manganese removal.
Shift to remote learning degrades water quality in buildings
Authors: Aden Katelin , Boyer Treavor H.
Published: December 2022

Commercial and institutional buildings now experience weeks and even months with below‐normal occupancy due to remote work/learning, which results in reduced water use and has the potential to adversely impact water quality. This study monitored the variations in water quality in multiple university buildings during several months of below‐normal occupancy followed by several months of normal occupancy. The levels of free chlorine, copper, and cellular ATP in water varied within buildings and between buildings. Using Wi‐Fi activity as a surrogate for building occupancy, the free chlorine concentration in water increased as Wi‐Fi counts increased. The copper concentration in building water was higher when the occupancy was below‐normal compared with normal occupancy, and the copper concentration decreased as Wi‐Fi counts increased. Throughout the study, flushing a fixture at the time of use decreased the concentrations of copper and cellular ATP and increased the concentration of free chlorine.
Analysis of survival data with nonproportional hazards: A comparison of propensity‐score‐weighted methods
Authors: Handorf Elizabeth A. , Smaldone Marc C. , Movva Sujana , Mitra Nandita
Published: December 2022

One of the most common ways researchers compare cancer survival outcomes across treatments from observational data is using Cox regression. This model depends on its underlying assumption of proportional hazards, but in some real‐world cases, such as when comparing different classes of cancer therapies, substantial violations may occur. In this situation, researchers have several alternative methods to choose from, including Cox models with time‐varying hazard ratios; parametric accelerated failure time models; Kaplan–Meier curves; and pseudo‐observations. It is unclear which of these models are likely to perform best in practice. To fill this gap in the literature, we perform a neutral comparison study of candidate approaches. We examine clinically meaningful outcome measures that can be computed and directly compared across each method, namely, survival probability at time T, median survival, and restricted mean survival. To adjust for differences between treatment groups, we use inverse probability of treatment weighting based on the propensity score. We conduct simulation studies under a range of scenarios, and determine the biases, coverages, and standard errors of the average treatment effects for each method. We then demonstrate the use of these approaches using two published observational studies of survival after cancer treatment. The first examines chemotherapy in sarcoma, which has a late treatment effect (i.e., similar survival initially, but after 2 years the chemotherapy group shows a benefit). The other study is a comparison of surgical techniques for kidney cancer, where survival differences are attenuated over time.
Low‐intensity focused ultrasound, a novel approach to epilepsy treatment in developing countries
Authors: Afif Sadaf , Rehan Syeda Tayyaba , ul Hussain Hassan , Islam Md. Saiful
Published: December 2022

Approximately 80% of patients with epilepsy reside in poor resource settings. Despite the continued advancements and development of new treatment approaches, epilepsy remains a major health problem in developing countries. Consistent findings of epidemiologic studies reflect that both prevalence and treatment gap are higher in the developing world. The objective of this short review was to evaluate current treatment options and low‐intensity, pulsed‐focused ultrasound (FUS) as a potential new treatment option for epilepsy. Although some of the patients could be candidates for surgery, many factors, including poor health‐care infrastructure, socioeconomic status, risks and complications associated with the surgery, and patients’ preferences and attitudes toward the surgical procedure, limit the adherence to get surgical therapies. Low‐intensity FUS, a novel and noninvasive therapeutic approach, has the potential to be approved by regulatory bodies and added to the list of standard treatment options for epilepsy. Improved understanding of epilepsy's prevalence and incidence in developing worlds, identification of potential new therapeutic options, and their evaluation through continuous studies and clinical trials are needed to reduce the burden of epilepsy and the treatment gap.
The role of decor and clothing in psychotherapeutic practice and research
Authors: Petre Daniel‐Andrei
Published: December 2022

Research Questions

The purpose of this study was to answer to the following research questions: (1) How do clients and psychotherapists understand their therapy experiences regarding clothes and decor? (2) Which of these experiences are considered beneficial for the psychotherapeutic process? (3) Which of these experiences are considered detrimental to the psychotherapeutic process? (4) Which of these experiences are considered irrelevant to the psychotherapeutic process?

Method

In this interpretative phenomenological analysis, an in‐depth interview (M = 45 min) was used to collect data on experiences in psychotherapists' offices, related to decor or clothing, from clients (n = 10, 8 women; aged 18–24, Mdn = 21), as well as psychotherapists (n = 9 women psychotherapists; aged 29–58, Mdn = 30). The coding followed both the procedure of grounded theory emergent coding (exploratory inductive coding) and the procedure of framework analysis structured coding (deductive coding, which follows the research questions, with the aim of identifying causality). The interviews were coded by hand, after transcribing each interview verbatim. Coding was conducted in cycles, accompanied by memo writing (Birks et al., 2005).

Results

Collected data were organised into three themes: “positive psychotherapy experiences related to decor and clothing,” “negative psychotherapy experiences related to decor and clothing,” and “irrelevance of decor and clothing to psychotherapy experiences” (13 subthemes).

Discussions

Results were compared with the recent qualitative studies on this topic and with the empirical studies regarding decor and clothing in counselling and psychotherapy (since the 1950s).
Increased PHOSPHO1 and alkaline phosphatase expression during the anabolic bone response to intermittent parathyroid hormone delivery
Authors: Houston Dean A. , Stephen Louise A. , Jayash Soher N. , Myers Katherine , Little Kirsty , Hopkinson Mark , Pitsillides Andrew A. , MacRae Vicky E. , Millan Jose Luis , Staines Katherine A. , Farquharson Colin
Published: December 2022

The administration of intermittent parathyroid hormone (iPTH) is anabolic to the skeleton. Recent studies with cultured osteoblasts have revealed that the expression of PHOSPHO1, a bone‐specific phosphatase essential for the initiation of mineralisation, is regulated by PTH. Therefore, this study sought to determine whether the bone anabolic response to iPTH involves modulation of expression of Phospho1 and of other enzymes critical for bone matrix mineralisation. To mimic iPTH treatment, primary murine osteoblasts were challenged with 50 nM PTH for 6 h in every 48 h period for 8 days (4 cycles), 14 days (7 cycles) and 20 days (10 cycles) in total. The expression of both Phospho1 and Smpd3 was almost completely inhibited after 4 cycles, whereas 10 cycles were required to stimulate a similar response in Alpl expression. To explore the in vivo role of PHOSPHO1 in PTH‐mediated osteogenesis, the effects of 14‐ and 28‐day iPTH (80 µg/kg/day) administration was assessed in male wild‐type (WT) and Phospho1−/− mice. The expression of Phospho1, Alpl, Smpd3, Enpp1, Runx2 and Trps1 expression was enhanced in the femora of WT mice following iPTH administration but remained unchanged in the femora of Phospho1−/− mice. After 28 days of iPTH administration, the anabolic response in the femora of WT was greater than that noted in Phospho1−/− mice. Specifically, cortical and trabecular bone volume/total volume, as well as cortical thickness, were increased in femora of iPTH‐treated WT but not in iPTH‐treated Phospho1−/− mice. Trabecular bone osteoblast number was also increased in iPTH‐treated WT mice but not in iPTH‐treated Phospho1−/− mice. The increased levels of Phospho1, Alpl, Enpp1 and Smpd3 in WT mice in response to iPTH administration is consistent with their contribution to the potent anabolic properties of iPTH in bone. Furthermore, as the anabolic response to iPTH was attenuated in mice deficient in PHOSPHO1, this suggests that the osteoanabolic effects of iPTH are at least partly mediated via bone mineralisation processes.
Crosstalk between myofibroblasts and macrophages: A regulative factor of valvular fibrosis in calcific aortic valve disease
Authors: Wu Lujia , Huang Kai , Li Qin , Wu Hao , Gao Yuan , Xu Xiangyang , Liu Xiaohong , Han Lin
Published: December 2022

Inflammation and fibrosis are highly correlated with the progression of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). As one of the differentiated forms of valvular interstitial cells, myofibroblasts play a critical role in CAVD's development as do macrophages. Although numerous studies have been conducted on them separately, their communication and interaction remain unclear. We used porcine aortic valves to isolate valve interstitial cells (VICs). VICs were induced to differentiate into myofibroblasts by transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1). After successful activation was determined, the myofibroblast‐conditioned medium (CM) was collected and used to act on RAW264.7, a macrophage cell line. A migration and adhesion assay estimated the recruitment capability of myofibroblasts on macrophages. We used flow cytometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and Western blot analysis to investigate myofibroblasts' polarity promotion function in macrophages. Finally, we used macrophage‐CM on VICs to explore the differentiation induction function of polarized macrophages. Myofibroblast marker alpha‐smooth muscle actin and M2 macrophage marker CD163 were detected as upregulated in CAVD patients, and their expression has a certain correlation. The Smad3/HA/CD44 axis activated the differentiation of myofibroblasts by Western blot. The myofibroblast‐CM can promote chemotaxis and adhesion of macrophages through protein kinase B/chemokine (C–C motif) ligand5 and Smad3/HA/CD44, respectively. Hyaluronic acid (HA) inside the myofibroblast‐CM stimulates macrophages to polarize into M2 macrophages. In turn, M2 macrophage‐CM has the promotive ability to activate myofibroblasts but fails to induce the osteoblast differentiation of VICs directly. The crosstalk between myofibroblasts and macrophages causes the excessive activation of myofibroblasts. This positive feedback loop may play a vital role in CAVD progression.
Overinflation of balloon‐expandable valves for transcatheter treatment of pure noncalcified native aortic regurgitation: How much oversizing is needed and achievable?
Authors: Orzalkiewicz Mateusz , Taglieri Nevio , Palmerini Tullio , Saia Francesco
Published: December 2022

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in noncalcified pure aortic valve regurgitation is challenging as dedicated valves are not widely available. We present a case series of four inoperable patients who underwent compassionate TAVI for this indication at our institution with a balloon‐expandable valve. In this context, we analyzed the relevant technical aspects such as the need for larger oversizing of the transcatheter prosthesis and the safety and limits of valve overexpansion.
Equivalence between Minimum Entropy and Exergy Applied to Continuous Stirred‐Tank Reactors
Authors: Bispo Heleno , Manzi João
Published: December 2022

Minimum entropy and exergy concepts were applied to continuous stirred‐tank reactors (CSTRs) to assess their effectiveness as analytical and optimization tools as well as to clarify some existing controversy regarding their practical applications. The second law of thermodynamics was used to establish in detail the concepts themselves or in the formulation of the exergy balance. Relevant information was extracted from both, in addition to which differences between them were revealed. By applying a commercial software package to the production of propylene glycol, the results of theoretical analysis and simulation showed that such concepts produced equivalent effects when applied to CSTRs and, due to the operating conditions, exergy proved to be independent of the so‐called dead state. Therefore, it is concluded that both procedures lead to equivalent optimization strategies when applied to CSTRs and depending on the objectives, but the use of minimum entropy may be more advantageous for some approaches, as it does not depend on the dead state.
Rare Earth Element‐Based Recovery Concept for Cofactors Containing Phosphate Groups from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Neuburger Jan Eric , Tiedemann Sven , Michalik Dirk , von Langermann Jan
Published: December 2022

Cofactors, which are key components in many bio‐based processes, are often consumed within the biosynthetic reaction, but are usually converted back to their original form by recycling. This study presents an approach for the selective removal of cofactors from aqueous solution at up to submillimolar concentrations. The rare earth elements (REE) scandium, yttrium, and lanthanum, in the oxidation state +3, are used to form sparingly soluble salts with the investigated cofactors, pyridoxal‐5‐phosphate, NAD+, NADP+, adenosine triphosphate, and thiamine pyrophosphate. Up to > 99 % removal efficiency via cofactor salt precipitation was observed. Redissolution and recovery of the formed salt is obtained via treatment with NaH2PO4 in a salt metathesis reaction, forming the solubilized cofactors with up to > 99 % recovery and the corresponding REE phosphate salts.
Canada thistle injury with spring‐applied herbicides in infrequently mowed fine fescue in Pennsylvania
Authors: Landschoot Peter
Published: December 2022

Core Ideas

Aminopyralid + 2,4‐D provided equal or greater injury to Canada thistle compared to clopyralid‐containing products.

Triclopyr + 2,4‐D produced Canada thistle injury comparable to triclopyr + clopyralid.

Metsulfuron was slow to injure Canada thistle but provided acceptable control within 40 to 55 d.
Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of π‐Extended Phosphindolizine Derivatives
Authors: Tsurusaki Akihiro , Tahara Sana , Nakamura Makoto , Matsumoto Hiroyo , Kamikawa Ken
Published: December 2022

Dibenzo[b,g]phosphindolizine oxide and three types of benzo[e]naphthophosphindolizine oxides have been synthesized by the ring‐closing metathesis of benzo[b]phosphole oxide and naphthophosphole oxides with two olefin tethers. Their molecular structures and properties were revealed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis, UV‐vis spectroscopy, and electrochemical analysis. The number and position of the benzene rings were found to alter the structural geometry and the HOMO/LUMO energy levels, and their effects were investigated by theoretical calculations. Among the phosphindolizine oxide derivatives investigated, only benzo[e]naphtho[2,3‐b]phosphindolizine oxide with the naphthalene ring fused at 2,3‐positions showed weak yellow fluorescence with a large Stokes shift.
Effect of Mini‐PEGs Modification on the Enzymatic Digestion of D‐Amino Acid‐Containing Peptides under the Action of PROK**
Authors: Yan Liang , Ke Yongqi , Wang Yu , Yang Jingkui , He Yujian , Wu Li
Published: December 2022

It was previously reported that D‐amino acid‐containing peptides exhibited the ability to resist enzymatic hydrolysis. This study investigated the influence of mini‐PEGs modification on enzymatic hydrolysis ability of D‐amino acid‐containing peptides. The results showed that PEGylation promoted enzymatic hydrolysis of the D‐amino acid‐containing peptide, especially, the cleavage rate of the D‐amino acid‐containing peptide 6‐w with PEG3 modification at the N‐ends was up to 17 times higher in the presence of proteinase K (PROK) compared to those without PEG3 modification. Moreover, analysis of the enzymatic cleavage sites demonstrated a similar cleavage pattern of the PEGylated D‐amino acid‐containing peptide to that of the unmodified peptide. The computational simulations further showed that the enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis ability can be attributed to the strong interaction between PROK and the peptide after PEG3 modification and the resulting formation of a mature catalytic triad structure.
Modeling and Flow Sheet Simulation of Selected Mechanical Recycling Processes for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Punt Franziska , Doose Stefan , Böttcher Ann‐Christin , Breitung‐Faes Sandra , Kwade and Arno
Published: December 2022

To investigate the mechanical processes of Li‐ion battery recycling in more detail, models for the different unit processes are to be developed. Here, model approaches for the cutting mill and the zig‐zag‐sifter are presented. These models are to be used in dynamic flow sheet simulations, with which the individual unit processes as well as the combination to a small process chain were simulated. Thereby, the dynamic interactions between the process steps were investigated, which can be used later for optimization and regulation of the processes. The particle sizes after the cutting mill process as well as the mass flow between the processes influence the separation behavior of the sifter. These changes in the separation function due to an increasing mass flow out of the mill are shown.
Type I and Ir pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB): A report from the International PPB/DICER1 Registry
Authors: Nelson Alexander T. , Harris Anne K. , Watson Dave , Miniati Doug , Finch Mike , Kamihara Junne , Mitchell Sarah G. , Wilson David B. , Gettinger Katie , Rangaswami Arun A. , Campos José M. , Lederman Sara , Feltis Brad A. , Vasta Lauren M. , Harney Laura A. , Stewart Douglas R. , Dehner Louis P. , Messinger Yoav H. , Hill D. Ashley , Schultz Kris Ann P.
Published: December 2022

Background

Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is the most common lung cancer of infancy and early childhood. Type I PPB is a purely cystic lesion that has a microscopic population of primitive small cells with or without rhabdomyoblastic features and may progress to type II or III PPB, whereas type Ir lacks primitive small cells.

Methods

Children with suspected PPB were enrolled in the International PPB/DICER1 Registry. Pathology was centrally reviewed, and follow‐up was ascertained annually.

Results

Between 2006 and 2022, 205 children had centrally reviewed type I or Ir PPB; 39% of children with type I and 5% of children with type Ir PPB received chemotherapy. Outcomes were favorable, although 11 children (nine with type I and two with type Ir PPB) experienced progression to type II/III (n = 8) or regrowth of type I PPB at the surgical site (n = 3), none of whom received chemotherapy before progression. Age and cyst size in combination were more suitable than either factor alone in predicting whether a particular lesion was type I or Ir PPB.

Conclusions

For young children with type I PPB, outcomes are favorable, but complete resection is indicated because of the risk for progression. Chemotherapy may be useful in a subset of children at increased risk for recurrence/progression. Efforts to risk stratify children with type I PPB to optimize outcomes while reducing treatment‐related side effects are underway.
Submodelling approach to screw‐to‐bone interaction in additively manufactured subperiosteal implant structures
Authors: Castrillo Gabriel , Carnicero Alberto , Perera Ricardo
Published: December 2022

Thanks to new digital technologies, complex cases of severe maxillary atrophy may now be treated with additively manufactured subperiosteal implant structures (AMSISs). However, there are few studies addressing this topic and most of them focus on the mechanical behaviour of the AMSIS itself without considering its interaction with the maxilla bone. The aim of this study is to provide a methodology based on finite element analysis (FEA) to evaluate the effect of interaction between the maxilla bone and the screws fixing the AMSIS. The mechanical performance of an AMSIS was examined via a FEA based on submodelling. Significant differences were encountered in displacements and reaction forces when bone–screw interaction was considered. Stress in the cortical layer was found to be close to the maximum strength while the trabecular layer seems to have no effect on the results; stresses in the AMSIS are lower than the fatigue stress limit. Finally, the comparison of stresses between models with and without osseointegration shows how stresses drop once osseointegration is complete. The proposed submodelling approach considerably reduces the computational effort and enables both a detailed model of the interaction between the thread of the screws and the bone and an accurate evaluation of displacement and stress fields on the interface. The results have shown that stresses in the cortical bone are highly affected by the initial geometry of the thread inside the bone, which demonstrates the importance of modelling the effect of the thread.
Association of local solid mechanical, hemodynamic and morphological characteristics with ruptured intracranial aneurysm
Authors: Zhai Xiaodong , Hu Peng , Wang Yadong , Zhang Hongqi , Cao Lan , Huang Tianming , Lu Jia , Luo Yuanming
Published: December 2022

The rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) is a complicated phenomenon of which the mechanism is not fully understood. The purpose of this study is to associate local solid mechanical, hemodynamic, and morphological characteristics with rupture regions through statistical means, in an attempt to identify the parameters that are indicative of rupture propensity for IAs. Twenty patient‐specific ruptured IA models were reconstructed from digital subtraction angiography (DSA), and applied in the analysis of wall tension, wall shear stress (WSS) and curvature. The precise rupture locations were marked out through intraoperative videos. Pearson correlation analysis was employed to investigate the correlations of these three parameters with patient characteristics and global geometric features. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were further performed on wall tension, WSS and curvature with regards to rupture and nonrupture regions. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis defining area under the curve (AUC) was performed on these three parameters. The univariate model of wall tension (AUC, 0.9750), WSS (AUC, 0.9300), curvature (0.8150) and their combined multivariate model (AUC, 0.9875) all present high AUC values. The wall tension, WSS and curvature are acceptable parameters relating to rupture regions. The rupture odd is more sensitive to the wall tension and WSS than curvature. Each logistic model is capable in discriminating ruptures from nonrupture regions, while the multivariate model is the most efficient.
IOT‐HML: A hybrid machine learning technique for IoT enabled industrial monitoring and control system
Authors: Kota Prabhakar N. , Chandak Ashok S. , Patil B. P.
Published: December 2022

Industrial 4.0 makes manufacturers more vulnerable to current challenges and makes it easier to adapt to market changes. It is essential to focus on monitoring and controlling the production system before complex accidents occur. To overcome above research gaps, we shift to industrial 4.0, which combine IoT and mechanism learning for industrial monitor and manage. Here, we propose a hybrid machine learning technique for IoT enabled industrial monitoring and control system (IoT‐HML). The main goal of the research is to overcome the issues of information security and control systems by developing a hybrid machine learning technique. Compared to the existing AODV protocol, the proposed C‐IWO based routing protocol outperformed efficiently in terms of 19.2% average delay, 12.7% average energy consumption, 10.26% average throughput, 3.8% average delivery ratio, and 16.33% average loss ratio, respectively. In addition, the accuracy 98.5%, sensitivity 97.3%, specificity 98.2%, precision 98.35%, recall 98.32%, and F‐measure 97.49% of proposed CP‐LNN technique is very high compare to obtainable state‐of‐art classifiers.
Synthesis of Aminotroponyl‐/Difluoroboronyl Aminotroponyl Deoxyuridine Phosphoramidites
Authors: Palai Bibhuti Bhusana , Panda Subhashree S. , Sharma Nagendra K.
Published: December 2022

This report describes the chemical synthesis of aminotroponyl‐conjugated deoxyuridine analog (at‐dU) and its difluoroboron complex (dfbat‐dU) and their phosphoramidites by using the versatile phosphorylating reagent 2‐CyanoethylN,N‐diisopropylchlorophosphoramidite. Tropolone is a non‐benzenoid aromatic bioactive natural fluorescent molecule, possessing intramolecular charge transfer and metal chelating properties with transition metal ions such as Cu2+/Zn2+/Ni2+. Its synthetic derivatives, 2‐aminotropones also exhibit unique bioactivities and are considered potential therapeutic drug candidate. Recently, the fluorescence properties of aminotropone has improved by complexing with difluoroboron residue that generates aminotroponyl‐BODIPY analog. These could be employed for the synthesis ofat‐dU/dfbat‐dUcontaining DNA oligonucleotides for designing the11B/19F‐NMR/fluorescence‐based DNA probes. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis ofN‐propargyl‐2‐aminotropone (2) and difluoroboronylN‐propargyl‐2‐aminotropone (3) molecules.

Basic Protocol 2: Synthesis ofN‐propargyl‐2‐aminotroponyl deoxyuridinyl (at‐dU) phosphoramidites (7).

Basic Protocol 3: Synthesis of difluoroboronylN‐propargyl‐2‐aminotroponyl deoxyuridinyl (dfbat‐dU) phosphoramidites (10)
Dopant‐Induced Surface Self‐Etching of Cobalt Carbonate Hydroxide Boosts Efficient Water Splitting
Authors: Ma Zemian , Ma Xueying , Luo Wei , Jiang Yimin , Shen Wei , He Rongxing , Li Ming
Published: December 2022

Herein, vanadium‐doped cobalt carbonate hydroxide, V−CoCH, was synthesized as efficient catalyst for water splitting. Vanadium species were partially dissolved in the early stages of the oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER), inducing self‐etching of the catalyst surface, which is helpful for catalyst surface reconstruction and resulted in a higher number of active sites and oxygen vacancies. The synergy between V‐doping and oxygen vacancies improved the catalytic activity: V−CoCH showed an exceptional OER catalytic performance with an overpotential of 183 mV at 10 mA cm−2. The water‐splitting cell consisting of V−CoCH only required 1.52 V to reach 10 mA cm−2. Theoretical calculations revealed that vanadium in V−CoCH played an important role in electron regulation of active sites. The oxygen vacancies had an important effect on improvement of the OER performance through not only the exposure of more active sites but also through modulation of the electronic structure. This work provides an effective strategy for constructing high‐performance electrocatalysts.
ARMS‐EGR—Adaptive ranking and mobile sink‐enabled energy‐efficient geographic routing protocol in flying ad hoc networks
Authors: Agrawal Juhi , Kapoor Monit
Published: December 2022

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become widespread because of their involvement in a variety of applications. The task of designing the energy‐efficient routing between UAVs has been considered a matter of great interest due to the inherent challenges of controlling the dynamics exhibited by UAVs. Energy limitations are considered the main limitations of UAVs. This research paper proposes a novel routing protocol, adaptive ranking and mobile sink (MS)‐enabled energy‐efficient geographic routing (ARMS‐EGR) for flying ad hoc networks. In ARMS‐EGR, the whole network is partitioned into cells. The cell contains cell members (CM) and cell heads (CHs). The CH works as a cluster head. Additionally, two MSs have been used to collect data captured by CM. Multihop communication on the network leads to an increase in traffic and consumes the energy of the UAVs located near the base station (BS). MSs are used for power distribution and load balancing across the network. Adaptive ranking of forwarder UAVs and CHs is performed during intracell and intercell multihop communication, respectively, using adaptive ranking. A cell with one‐hop communication can directly send packets to the MS, but the ARMS‐EGR routing protocol has been proposed for multihop communication. The proposed approach is simulated in NS‐2.35 software. The results show that end‐to‐end latency and power consumption during packet transmission are greatly minimized. ARMS‐EGR also demonstrates improvements in message success rates, number of alive nodes, and packet delivery ratio, making ARMS‐EGR particularly suitable for flying ad hoc networks (FANETs).
Pharmacology, prevalence in Germany, and analytical data of cyclobutylmethyl‐ and norbornylmethyl‐type synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists
Authors: Pulver Benedikt , Riedel Jan , Schönberger Torsten , Halter Sebastian , Lucas Tobias , Opatz Till , Grafinger Katharina Elisabeth , Scheu Martin , Zschiesche Annette , Pütz Michael , Pützer Klaus , Westphal Folker , Auwärter Volker
Published: December 2022

Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) are distributed on the drug market to produce THC‐like effects while evading routine drug testing and legislation. The cyclobutylmethyl (CBM) and norbornylmethyl (NBM) side chain specifically circumvented the German legislation and led to the emergence of exploratory SCRAs in 2019–2021. The NBM SCRAs were detected post‐amendment of the new psychoactive substances act in 2020, which scheduled all CBM SCRAs. All six SCRAs are full agonists at the cannabinoid receptor 1 compared with Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol and CP‐55,940. The CBM SCRAs showed binding affinities of Ki: 29.4–0.65 nm and potencies of EC50: 483–40.1 nm (CBMICA << CBMINACA < CBMeGaClone). The norbornyl derivatives exhibited high affinities (Ki: 1.87–0.25 nm), with indazole being the most affine. Functional activity data confirmed that the indazole derivative tends to be the most potent of all three NBM SCRAs (EC50: 169–1.78 nm). The sterically demanding NBM side chain increased the affinity and activity of almost all core structures. Future studies should be conducted on similarly voluminous side chain moieties. The ‘life cycle’ of all SCRAs on the drug market was less than a year. Notably, Cumyl‐CBMICA was the most prevalent while also having the weakest cannabimimetic properties. Quantification of Cumyl‐CBMICA during peak consumption in late 2019 and early 2020 revealed an increase in the concentration on the herbal material, which, together with forum entries and blog posts, corroborates the low in vitro cannabimimetic properties. Seizure prevalence data indicate that almost all SCRAs continue to be identified in 2022, potentially due to remaining stocks.
Accounting for temporal and individual variation in the estimation of Von Bertalanffy growth curves
Authors: Croll Jasper Cornelis , van Kooten Tobias
Published: December 2022

Growth and growth limitation are important indicators of density dependence and environmental limitation of populations. Estimating individual growth trajectories is therefore an important aspect of understanding and predicting the life history and dynamics of a population. Variation in individual growth trajectories arises due to variation in the environmental factors limiting individual growth. This environmental limitation can vary over time, between cohorts and between individuals within a cohort. For a complete and accurate understanding of individual growth in a population, it is important to include all these sources of variation. So far, statistical models only accounted for a subset of these factors or required an extensive growth history of individuals. Here, we present a novel model describing the growth curves of cohorts in a population. This model is derived from a stochastic form of the Von Bertalanffy growth equation describing individual growth. The model is specifically tailored for use on length‐at‐age data in which the growth trajectory of an individual is unknown and every individual is only measured once. The presented method can also be used if growth limitation differs strongly between age or length classes. We demonstrate the use of the model for length‐at‐age data of North Sea plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) from the last 30 years. Fitting this model to length‐at‐age data can provide new insights in the dynamics of the environmental factors limiting individual growth and provides a useful tool for ecological research and management.
Genotoxic repercussion of high‐intensity radiation (x‐rays) on hospital radiographers
Authors: Kuchi Bhotla Haripriya , Balasubramanian Balamuralikrishnan , Rengasamy Kannan R. R. , Arumugam Vijaya Anand , Alagamuthu Karthick Kumar , Chithravel Vadivalagan , Chaudhary Aditi , Alanazi Amer M. , Pappuswamy Manikantan , Meyyazhagan Arun
Published: December 2022

Recent technological advances in the medical field have increased the plausibility of exposing humans to high‐intensity wavelength radiations like x‐rays and gamma rays while diagnosing or treating specific medical maladies. These radiations induce nucleotide changes and chromosomal alterations in the exposed population, intentionally or accidentally. A radiological investigation is regularly used in identifying the disease, especially by the technicians working in intensive care units. The current study observes the genetic damages like chromosomal abnormalities (CA) in clinicians who are occupationally exposed to high‐intensity radiations (x‐rays) at their workplaces using universal cytogenetic tools like micronucleus assay (MN), sister chromatid exchange and comet assay. The study was conducted between 100 exposed practitioners from the abdominal scanning, chest scanning, cranial and orthopedic or bone scanning department and age‐matched healthy controls. We observed a slightly higher rate of MN and CA (p < .05) in orthopedic and chest department practitioners than in other departments concerning increasing age and duration of exposure at work. Our results emphasize taking extra precautionary measures in clinical and hospital radiation laboratories to protect the practitioners.
Modeling and simulation of the kinematic behavior of the deployment mechanism of solar array for a 1‐U CubeSat
Authors: Muhammed Lawal Nasir , Ugheoke Benjamin Iyenagbe , Nwachukwu Dorin Onyinye
Published: December 2022

Kinematics of deployable solar array mechanisms in CubeSat satellites have considerable influence on the stability and attitude control of a satellite, especially in low mass systems as CubeSats. One of the issues with the conventional solar panel deployment mechanisms in CubeSats is the speed of its deployment, especially when position‐lock to hold the panels back from oscillation is lacking. The generated oscillation becomes more pronounced in a system equipped with solar tracking unit and thus, reduces available projected area of the panels and causing fatigue at the yoke and panel hinges. This work aims at modeling and simulation of the 1‐U CubeSat solar panel deployment mechanism vibration control using fisher wire. Two‐fold panel deployment mechanism with a rolling sun‐tracking tilt mechanism was developed. The system performance from viewpoint of vibration analysis was evaluated using mass‐spring‐damper method and bond graph techniques. Numerical simulations and experiments were performed to validate the proposed method. The modeling and computational analysis were done with SOLIDWORKS software. The system was tested for vibration and stability using the seismic mass‐spring‐and‐damper arrangement to validate the model. A 3‐D printing was generated and tested to evaluate its vibration performance and its effects during deployment. The result was such that the two panels attached to a wing hinged at Y – and – Y directions deployed slowly and smoothly at approximately 2 s, giving room for the vibration to decay exponentially towards zero. This agrees with reported works where a DC motor was used to control speed of deployment by increasing time to 6.8 s. The simulated and experimental results of the printed model showed close agreement with the theoretical values with an error of 0.03% in energy supply reliability and up to 400% power generation potential when compared to body mounted solar panels with the same satellite specification without a significant impact on system strength and stability.
Adaptive intelligent hybrid energy management strategy for electric vehicles
Authors: Vishnu Sidharthan P. , Kashyap Yashwant , Castelino Roystan Vijay
Published: December 2022

Electric vehicles (EVs) utilizing hybrid energy sources is a significant step toward a sustainable future in the transportation industry. The electric three‐wheeler (3W) considered in the proposed work includes three sources—battery, supercapacitor (SC), and photo‐voltaic (PV) panels. In battery electric vehicles (BEV), battery life cycle, energy efficiency, and performance are affected by variations in driving conditions that inhibit their wider adoption. The main focus of the proposed intelligent hybrid energy management strategy (IHEMS) is to enable the vehicle to adaptively manage and diminish the effects of load fluctuations due to varying conditions. IHEMS diverts the load fluctuations to the SC bank by ensuring an effective absolute energy sharing among the sources with a fuzzy logic control algorithm. PV energy is utilized to assist the battery during sunny days. Performance of the EMS in hybrid source EV is analyzed in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment with a combination of three different standard real‐time driving profiles (NYCC, Artemis Urban, WLTP class‐1). Proposed EMS reduces peak battery power by 20% and 14.35% and improves battery life by 16.4% and 11.4% compared to BEV and conventional EMS, respectively. This proves that the proposed EMS exhibits adaptive energy management irrespective of the driving conditions and ensures improved battery performance and longevity.