bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imagining Institutional Care, Practicing Domestic Care: Inscriptions around Aging in Southern Ghana
Authors: Coe Cati
Published: September 2018

Elder care has become a significant national conversation in Ghana due to urban and international migration, lower birth rates, family nuclearization, and longer life spans. In the rural towns of Ghana’s Eastern Region, new elder care practices and discourses are emerging. These age-inscriptions signal the agency of older persons, which  is  often  neglected  and  overlooked.  Discursively,  older  adults  express  curiosity  about  Western  care facilities, a heterodox idea in relation to the orthodox position expressed by the Ghanaian government and NGOs which support kin care for older adults. Through this heterodox discourse, aged persons are able to critique the state and the church for not providing care and re-imagine a Western institution as fitting their locally constructed  needs. On the  other  hand, pragmatically, aged persons  and their children  are adapting existing  practices  of  adolescent  fosterage  to  help  provide  elder  care,  a  practice  which  is  not  discursively elaborated, and is therefore alterodox. Both age-inscriptions are less articulated than standardized discourses about the significance of adult children’s care, the orthodox position. This paper therefore illustrates how social change in norms occurs, through older people’s anxiety about their own aging, the use of their imagination, and their refashioning of existing care practices.
Book Review: Sexuality & Dementia: Compassionate and Practical Strategies for Dealing with Unexpected or Inappropriate Behaviors.
Authors: Lau Janice Y C
Published: September 2018

A book review of Sexuality & Dementia: Compassionate and Practical Strategies for Dealing with Unexpected or Inappropriate Behaviors.
The “Good Life”: Third Age, Brand Modi and the cultural demise of old age in urban India
Authors: Samanta Tannistha
Published: September 2018

In this piece, I outline the possibility of understanding old age through the lens of cultural gerontology highlighting the intersecting logics of age with consumption, leisure and identity. I argue that with rising affluence and demographic aging, India is poised to experience an emergent cultural movement, the Third Age (Laslett, 1989), wherein access to cultural capital and an active participation in a leisure culture will offer social membership among upper middle class older adults. Using examples from luxury senior housing projects and travel/holiday packages, I reflect how this process of agentic consumerism with a focus on the ideals of youthfulness, choice, self-expression and pleasure is turning the decline narrative (typically associated with “natural” aging) on its head. The success of this market-driven cultural model, I argue, lies in the celebration of a project on the self where the responsibility to “age well” rests with the individual-a key political economy of the neoliberal regime-absolving the state of public provisions and social security. In conclusion, I show how age and political masculinity intersect to create, what I call, Brand Modi- a potent vision of active and age-ambiguous consumer citizenry. Through this construction, I argue, life-stage has been suitably marketed to match the aspirations of a greying cohort marking a new stage in the cultural constitution of age in urban India.
Mark Twain Explains the Trump Presidency: Mark Twain's Political Commentary Remains Relevant Today
Authors: Bliss Donald Tiffany
Published: September 2018

Among the many reasons the often-quoted (and misquoted) Mark Twain remains such an important figure in American culture today is the continuing relevance of his commentary on American politics and public policy. Twain wrote in 1908, “History repeats itself; whatever has been the rule in history may be depended upon to be the rule.” The author does not, and will not, attempt to say what Twain might think or say about President Trump. That speculation is left to the reader, but what Twain had to say about American politics and governance helps explain how and why Trump was elected and offers guidance in critiquing his presidency.
Ornithorhyncus Platypus Extraordinariensis: Modernist Metafiction and the Assault on the Reader in Melville'sThe Confidence-Manand Twain'sThe Mysterious Stranger
Authors: Thompson G. R.
Published: September 2018

Mark Twain's No. 44, The Mysterious Stranger (ca. 1905, 1908, 1909) has striking similarities to Herman Melville's The Confidence-Man (1857). These two books mark the evolution of American modernism to an early form of postmodernism—most notably in their similarly complex treatments of novel and romance genres, the nature of identity, disrupted narrative techniques, metafictional elements, and speculation on the relation of fiction and reality. In both works, the presumption of a single unitary self is under assault, along with moral, religious, and existential concepts of selfhood. Melville's and Twain's criticisms of the concept of the single self not only recognize multiple selves in general, but also focus on author/reader mutual identities. Twain's book becomes an ironic indictment of any reader who reads it.
Is Satire Compatible with Free Speech?
Authors: Camfield Gregg
Published: September 2018

Mark Twain was deeply interested in freedom of speech, and in particular, he was concerned about the utility of satire in furthering the benefits of free speech. A review of some of his commentary suggests that Twain's satire impedes the ability of free speech as a mode of exploration, while his humor—as a much more open-ended kind of expression—facilitates freedom of inquiry.
Comic Outbreaks and Scholastic Discontents
Authors: Michelson Bruce
Published: September 2018

Responding to a set of six articles (developed from presentations at the 2017 Quadrennial Conference on the State of Mark Twain Studies), this article considers (1) the limitations of Philip Traum's pronouncements on the power of laughter, (2) comic discourse as moments of insurrection against habits and confinements of reason and logic, (3) our stubborn and poorly-grounded collective faith in the efficacy of satire, (4) the cumbersome history and connotations of basic vocabulary in the discussion of the comic, (5) the importance of context and contingency, and their loss or violation as comic utterance persists and migrates in cyberspace, (6) obliviousness to such matters in humor research, and (7) the importance of satiric insurrection in the cultural record, despite dubious impact in the historical moment.
The Year's Work in American Humor Studies, 2016
Authors: Martin Gretchen
Published: September 2018

“The Year's Work in American Humor Studies,” an annual feature of Studies in American Humor since 1999, reviews humor scholarship and related materials published during the specified year on a wide range of topics from many disciplinary perspectives, including humor theory. The review gives special emphasis to studies of humor in American culture, broadly conceived.
The development and pilot testing of a new instrument “Promoting Active Ageing in Older People with Mental Disorders Scale”
Authors: Kenbubpha Kedsaraporn , Higgins Isabel , Wilson Amanda , Chan Sally Wai-Chi
Published: September 2018

Background: There is little evidence about the factors that influence the promotion of active ageing, and the level of activity, in older people with mental disorders living in rural areas in Thailand.Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and test a new instrument: Promoting Active Ageing in Older People with Mental Disorders (PAA-MD).Methods: The study involved item generation, content validity testing, face validity testing in 15 participants, and pilot testing in 40 participants of the PAA-MD. Content validity was evaluated using relevance ratings from an expert panel to calculate the content validity index for individual items (I-CVI) and the content validity index for the overall survey (S-CVI). Internal reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. External reliability was examined using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.Results: The PAA-MD uses a self-rating scale for primary care providers and consists of 59 items in three sections. Section I, 14 items, evaluates characteristics of participants and familiarity of active ageing and related concepts. Section II, 22 items, examines the promotion of active ageing amongst older people with mental disorders. Section III, 23 items, measures factors that influence the promotion of active ageing. A five-point Likert scale is used in sections II and III. S-CVI of section II and III were 0.82 and 0.84. Five items in section II and three items in section III were deleted (I-CVI < 0.78). Cronbach’s Alpha of section II and III was 0.975 and 0.964. The Spearman’s Correlation in section II and III was 0.970 and 0.988.Conclusions: The PAA-MD takes 10-15 minutes to complete, has good content validity, high internal reliability, and a strong correlation of external reliability.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Different Varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa) from Yobe State, Nigeria
Authors: Akan Joseph Clement , Dawa Joshua Yohanna , Bukar Lawan Inuwa , Muhammed Zakari
Published: September 2018

The present study determined the levels of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in rice (Oryza Sativa) samples from six agricultural locations in Bade and Karasuwa Local Government Areas, Yobe State, Nigeria. Four varieties of rice (FARO 42, 44, 45 and 52) were collected for this study. The concentrations of PAHs in the study rice samples were lower than the maximum allowable concentration (MAC), average daily dose (ADD) of PAHs in the different variety of rice from the six agricultural locations shows that FARO 44 had the highest ADD (5.84 x1011 mg/kg), while FARO 52 shows the lowest ADD (1.20 x1015 mg/kg). The potential for non-carcinogenic PAHs in this study revealed that FARO 42 has the highest hazard index (2.04 x1011 mg/kg). Result from incremental lifetime expectancy cancer risk shows that FARO 44 from Jawa had the highest value (4.19 x1010 mg/kg), while the lowest value (7.61 x1015 mg/kg) was recorded for FARO 52 from Rina Kuna agricultural location. Results from the present study shows that the rice samples from the study locations are safe for human consumption and not significantly contaminated by PAHs.
Outbreak of S. Weltevreden linked to fermented cashew nut cheese in Victoria, BC
Authors: Schmitt Nicolas , Yu Gloria , Greve Richard , McIntyre Lorraine
Published: September 2018

Twenty-three Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden (S. Weltevreden) illnesses occurred in a Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, restaurant following consumption of fermented vegan cheese. Three clusters of illness over 2 days were traced to a single batch of fermented cashew cheese spread. S. Weltevreden was detected in 11 clinical samples and in the cashew cheese spread. An inspection of the restaurant and review of the food processes revealed high-risk practices, such as use of rejuvelac as a starter culture for fermentation and poor temperature control. Three of five vegan and natural food restaurants in the Victoria area were using similar methods, indicating this type of product was common. Procedures to safely ferment vegan cheese spreads are presented. We also discuss higher-risk food items and practises noted in this event that inspectors should be aware of during inspections.
Cálculo da constante de dureza em sistemas ferromagnéticos
Authors: Mota Ronaldo
Published: September 2018

A two-band model for the magnetism is used to calculate the stiffness constant in ferromagnetic systems. One band is narrow and degenerated, representing the "quasi-localized" electrons. The second one is a wide band containing very few itinerant electrons. The transverse dynamical susceptibility is calculated within the random-phase approximation (RPA). The value of the stiffness constant of the acoustical spin wave is essential to satisfy the criterion of ferromagnetic stability at T = 0K. From the poles of the susceptibility two spin-wave branches are derived: one acoustic and one optic. It is shown that taking into account the interatomic exchange coupling between electrons of the narrow bands is necessary for the spin-wave stiffness constant to assume the experimental value.
Checagem do diagnóstico para modelos AR usando as Autocorrelações do Quadrado dos Resíduos
Authors: Camargo Maria Emilia , Moraes Anaelena Bragança de , Sortica Gilda B.
Published: September 2018

In this paper, is analised the behaviour of the distribution of squared-residual autocorrelations functions residuals used for diagnostic checking of AR models representative of time series.
Efeitos do extrato aquoso da Stevia rebaudiana (Bert) Bertoni sobre o peso corporal, ingesta de alimentos e líquidos em ratos Wistar imaturos
Authors: Tabarelli Zuleica , Chagas Ana Maria
Published: September 2018

Stevia rebaudiana (Bert) Bertoni is a wild herb that grows in Brazil (South Mato Grosso) and Paraguay, being used by natives as a sweetener and as medicine. According to these properties, the authors investigated effects of the aquous extract of this plant on immature Wistar rats corporal weight and food and liquid ingestion, using three different concentrations, through oral application. Solutions were prepared by cold infusion and used in four animal groups, ten animals each. Three experimental groups received Stevia solution at 1%, 2% and 4% respectively. The fourth, control, received destilled water. The animals were males and females and were maintained in the same experimental conditions, receiving during 49 days water and food "ad libitum". The corporal weight was verified every seven days and the results showed that Stevia rebaudiana, in the given concentrations, did not modify the animals' corporal weight, nor altered normal weight variations, since they were in growth phase.
Ocorrência de Leporinus lacustris Campos, 1945 na bacia do Rio Ibicuí, RS
Authors: Bossemeyer Ilca Marion Knewitz , Weis Maria Lacy Cezimbra
Published: September 2018

This paper deals with the finding of Leporinus lacustres Campos, 1945 in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The samples studied were collected in the Ibicui – Mirim (1982-1983) and Santa Maria (1984-1985) rivers and presented some morphometric and meristic differences when compared to descriptions made by other authors.
Equicontinuidade das adjuntas de polinômios homogêneos
Authors: Giuliani Maria De Lurdes Merlini
Published: September 2018

In this work we prove, under certain conditions, equicontinuity of collections of m-homogeneous polynomials is equivalent to strong equicontinuity of the corresponding collections of adjoints. We also prove a polynomials version of a classical theorem of Schauder.
Estudo anatômico da madeira de Machaonia spinosa Cham & Schlecht (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Marchiori José Newton Cardoso , Muñiz Graciela I. Bolzón
Published: September 2018

The general and microscopic wood features of Machaonia spinosa Cham. & Schlecht. are described. The anatomical structure shows a strong similarity with literature references to the genus Machaonia and familia Rubiaceae. Among the most important characters observed in the wood, it must be emphasized the presence of a semi-ring porosity, pores mostly in multiples, exclusively simple perforation plates in vessels, very small and vestured intervascular pits, a scarce and paratracheal axial parenchyma, heterogeneous rays with short uniseriate margins, and inconspicuous bordered pits in the septate wood fibres.
Dream Catchers: Weaving Connections between Geometry and Algebra
Authors: Thompson David
Published: September 2018

For 500 years, dream catchers have been cultural symbols of intrigue worldwide. The most common folkloric design is a 12-point dream catcher. According to Native American legend, the first dream catcher was woven by a “spider woman” to catch the bad dreams of a chief's sick child. Once the bad dreams were caught, the chief's child was healed (Oberholtzer 2012). The basic design has been used for 500 years and is similar to the weaving of a spider's web.
Let the Water Flow!
Authors: Angotti Robin L. , Mudzimiri Rejoice
Published: September 2018

Measuring and comparing water flow rates from cups of different sizes and materials is an intuitive way of modeling with linear functions and provides multiple entry points for all students to engage with the mathematics.
Cryptic Functions: Understanding Function Identification
Authors: Rhodes Sam , Duggan Jessica
Published: September 2018

Cryptography-based investigations can help students develop conceptual understandings.
Introducing Roots and Extrema in Calculus
Authors: Adams Caleb L.
Published: September 2018

Use cubic polynomial functions before increasing the difficulty with irrational values.
Formative Assessment: Easy as 1, 2, 3
Authors: Saclarides Evthokia Stephanie , Gerardo Juan Manuel
Published: September 2018

Beginning teachers can easily implement these strategies to increase student achievement.
Reflections on Usage
Authors: DiVito Arthur N.
Published: September 2018

Mathematics has been taught throughout history without much more than a straightedge, a compass, and an abacus. So there is little question that all the major concepts of mathematics can be delivered without the aid of modern technology. But clearly, just the time-saving aspect of using technology can greatly enhance the art of teaching. Here we will identify some of the ways the use of technology can prove helpful in the classroom.
Transformations and Buried Treasure
Authors: Bolognese Chris
Published: September 2018

The treasure hunt takes my classroom to the world and features a variety of approaches, conjecture building, and the use of dynamic geometry software. The problem has been written about extensively (Gamow 1947; Nahin 2016; Shilgalis 1998; Shriki 2011). Here is the problem as I have adapted it for my students.
Camel Milk and the Prevention of Glucose Cataract, an Organ Culture Study
Authors: Alghamdi Ali H.S. , Mohamed Hasabelrasoul , Mohamed Hasabelrasoul , Austin Jonathan , Henry Collin , Massey Kayla , Sayied Shanzeh , Sledge Samiyyah , Williams Aliza
Published: September 2018

Purpose: To test if camel milk affects glucose-induced opacity in organ cultured rat and human lenses.
Methods: Whole human and rat lenses were cultured in various media containing either 55 mM glucose, camel milk, or a combination of both glucose and milk. Some lenses were cultured in a media containing neither moiety to establish a control. Absorbance spectra of human and rat lenses were measured daily using a visible/ultraviolet light spectrometer. Lens opacities were graded by a blinded grader from photographs taken daily. Aldose reductase activity, catalase activity, glutathione and receptor for advanced glycation end products levels were assayed.
Results: The optical density and light scattering intensity of human lenses cultured with glucose were higher after two to four days in organ culture compared with lenses cultured without glucose. Camel milk in the culture media attenuated the glucose-induced increase in optical density, light scattering intensity and opacity grade after two to four days for both human and rat lenses. Aldose reductase activity, catalase activity and glutathione levels were restored but the receptor for advanced glycation end products was similar in rat lenses cultured with glucose compared with those cultured with glucose and camel milk. There were no differences between the assayed moieties in human lenses cultured with glucose or glucose plus milk. Since camel milk restored rat lens glutathione levels, it is possible that camel milk may protect the lens from oxidation and significantly reduce the glucose-induced increase in light scattering of human lenses. Structurally and physiologically, rat lenses are distinct from human lenses, therefore, the rat lens data was highly variable when compared with the human lens data, highlighting the importance of using human lenses in future studies.
Conclusions: Camel milk present in the organ culture medium inhibited the glucose-induced opacity in human lenses and restored the amount of glutathione to the same levels of lenses not cultured in glucose. The positive results of the current study leads to future studies to determine the moieties in camel milk that are responsible for cataract inhibition and in vivo studies involving camel milk.
Thermal Management of Flat Photovolatic Panels using Serrated Fins to Increase Electrical Output
Authors: Chandrasekar M. , Priyan C. Kirthi
Published: September 2018

The electrical power output of photovoltaic (PV) cell depends on its operating temperature during its absorption of solar radiation and conversion of solar energy to electrical energy. The increase in PV panel temperature due to overheating negates its electrical yield and efficiency. In addition, overheating causes hot spots, failure of adhesive seals and delamination. An effective way to combat this problem is to reduce the operating temperature of PV panel by cooling. In the present work, a novel thermal management technique for improved cooling of flat PV panel is proposed with the use of serrated fins rather than straight fins. For this reason, the thermal and electrical performance of the flat PV panel with cooling system consisting of duct, brushless DC cooling fan, a plate fin and serrated fins of varying angles (30o, 45o and 60o) made up of aluminium were investigated experimentally. Experiments were conducted at constant wind velocity (1 m/s) with the developed technique in the location of Tiruchirappalli (78.6 E to 10.8 N), Tamil Nadu, India with flat 10 W PV panel. By using serrated fins of varying angles of 30o, 45o, 60o and plate fin (90°), the temperature of the PV panel decreased by a maximum of 4oC, 7oC, 6oC and 3oC respectively. Similarly the PV power increased in the range of 15.38%, 61.53%, 41.53% and 7.69% for 30o, 45o, 60o and plate fin (90°) respectively. It is concluded that 45o angled serrated fin is more efficient in providing the cooling effect than the other angles of serrated fins considered.
Investigation of TiCr Hydrogen Storage Alloy
Authors: Pedicini R. , Gatto I. , Passalacqua E. , Biffi C.A. , Coduri M. , Tuissi A.
Published: September 2018

A new reversible hydrogen storage material, based on TiCr metal alloy, is proposed. Cr and Ti were mixed and melted in a final atomic ratio of 1,78. Chemical-physical characterisations, in terms of XRD and SEM-EDX, were performed. The quantification of Laves phases was performed through Rietveld refinements. The atomic Cr/Ti ratio was determined by EDX analysis and 1,71 was obtained. The H2 sorption/desorption measurements by Sievert apparatus were carried out. After different tests varying temperature and pressure, a protocol measurement was established; and a H2 sorption value of 0,4 wt% at 200 °C/10 bar with a fast kinetic at 5 bar (Dwt% of about 0,3 wt%) were obtained. Hydrogen desorption measurements performed in the same conditions of T confirmed a totally reversible trend. A confirm of metal hydride formation was recorded by XRD, in fact, comparing X-Ray patterns before and after volumetric tests a notable difference was recorded.
Effect of Reverse Bias on Dye-Sensitized Technology: Lessons for Application in PV-Integrated Textile Fabric Designs Useable in Wajir, Vihiga, Kitui and Kajiado Counties in Kenya
Authors: Otakwa Raphael Venson Makokha , Othieno Herick , Oduor Andrew Odhiambo
Published: September 2018

This paper reports on the effect of reverse bias (RB) on dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) that were investigated outdoor in Wajir (1o44’50’’ North, 40o 4’ 8’’ East), Vihiga (35o0’ East, 0o15’ North), Kitui (3o 0’ South, 37o 50’ East) and Kajiado (360o 5’ East, 30o 0’ South) in Kenya. The DSSCs’ J-V characteristics, namely, Voc, Jsc, FF and ?, were studied under varied RB potentials. This was achieved through partial, as well as complete shading of the DSSCs during their operation in the study sites, using a thick piece of black cloth, and measuring the obtaining J-V characteristics. Findings of the study reveal that subjecting the DSSC module that was investigated in Wajir to RB of between 1V and 4V triggered between 25.53% and 23.53% drop in the module’s efficiency (?), followed by its total breakdown thereafter. The modules studied in Vihiga, Kitui and Kajiado exhibited a similar trend, but with variations in ? under the different RB regimes. The DSSCs’ breakdown under RB regimes of over half their voltage ratings could be attributed to the damaging of their dye constituents. These findings are important for context-informed DSSC dye choices, as well as DSSC-integrated designs that appeal to local cultural textile fabrics, like shawls, kanzu (long robes) and light coats that women and men dress in, respectively, in Wajir, and blankets that both men and women wrap around their shoulders in Kajiado, as well as in local architectures. The findings underscore the existence of vast prospects for localized industries that innovate in DSSC-integrated designs for local espousal. They could form foundations for programs that mentor people, especially children and youths at local levels to engage in climate change-mitigating enterprises.
Factors Influencing the Intentions of Non-Muslims in India to Accept Islamic Finance as an Alternative Financial System
Authors: Baber Hasnan
Published: September 2018

This study aims to investigate the impact of attitude & behaviour, subjective norms and religiosity on intention to accept Islamic finance as an alternative financial system in India. An adopted questionnaire with 20 items was used to gather data from 932 respondents. The sample was taken from north India and three religions: Hindu, Christianity and Sikhism acted as strata for this study. The data was tested for association between three variables on intention to accept Islamic finance. Statistical tools like reliability analysis, independent variable correlation, sample adequacy and regression analysis were used. The findings of this study suggest that subjective norms and religiosity is the influencer in accepting Islamic finance as an alternative. Attitude & behaviour has no relevance in developing intentions about accepting Islamic Finance. The research is original and its implications will be helpful for targeting non-Muslim customers with customized products and create awareness among people that Islamic finance is not only for Muslims.
Desafios da agricultura familiar em prol da produção agroecológica em Tangará da Serra –MT
Authors: Costa Regina Maria da , Alves Lima Aparecida de Fátima
Published: September 2018

A produção agroecológica vem ao longo dos anos ganhando espaço nas pequenas propriedades. Tal fato se dá pelos diversos incentivos ocorridos em âmbito regional, estadual e nacional. Em âmbito regional, a Secretaria da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento do município de Tangará da Serra (SEAPA) desenvolveram um projeto de Produção Agroecológica Integrada e Sustentável  em uma unidade experimental e desejava testá-lo nas propriedades rurais locais. Em contrapartida um grupo de dez produtores da comunidade rural Vale do Sol I requereram junto a SEAPA um apoio para produzirem de forma diferenciada e aumentar a renda familiar. O objetivo da pesquisa consistiu em identificar os desafios a serem superados pelos produtores da comunidade rural Vale do Sol I em prol da produção agroecológica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com o apoio de entrevistas aplicada aos profissionais técnicos da SEAPA e aos produtores rurais. Como resultados, foi possível conhecer o sistema de produção vigente, os recursos físicos e monetários disponíveis, bem como a infraestrutura das unidades produtivas. A pesquisa sinaliza que a principal motivação dos produtores rurais à produção agroecológica consiste na busca do diferencial competitivo, com o lançamento de uma nova marca no mercado. Para iniciarem as atividades de mudanças no sistema de produção convencional para o agroecológico buscaram apoio e orientação junto aos técnicos agrícolas da prefeitura municipal, ao representante do Núcleo de Políticas para Economia solidária e professores universitários. A falta de água e do documento das terras são os principais empecilhos para captação de recursos para os investimentos necessários. Foram identificadas manifestações do trabalho coletivo, como alternativa para superar dificuldades de transporte e comercialização, embora a produção ainda ser individualizada. Apesar das dificuldades identificadas, conclui-se ser possível aos pequenos agricultores produzir de forma integrada e sustentável desde que sejam feitas as adequações recomendadas nas propriedades e que o trabalho coletivo seja formalizado em associação ou cooperativa. Como pesquisas futuras sugere-se que sejam realizados outros estudos na mesma comunidade a fim de verificar as adequações ocorridas nas propriedades bem como a aceitação do mercado local para o consumo de produtos agroecológico.
Creating an open geospatial kinetic wall for science mediation: Preliminary results from the GeoWall project
Authors: Massimiliano Cannata , Antonovic Milan , Cangiano Serena , Lurati Marco
Published: September 2018

GeoWall is an innovative interactive physical wall based on advanced Open technologies that enables the dissemination of scientific contents to a wide public. The system, in line with Open Science principles, aims to promote the link between science, local impacts, education and global context so that the intrinsic value of university is clearly communicated and understood to citizens. GeoWall is though to be an interactive panel that combines touch technology, web services, visualization on maps, multimedia contents and digital graphics in a lightweight kinetic structure realized with digital manufacturing techniques. In the front a touch screen and multiple moving screens will display the information while in the back a panel worked with the numeric control milling machine will represents the scientific data element. The system is designed to use open technologies as much as possible including Open Software and Open Hardware. The touch screen enables user interaction by selecting global challenges and local impacts represented on a dynamic map. When interaction is activated additional information is communicated trough smaller moving screens representing different multimedia sources and formats. Although the system is not yet completed, the first tests are very promising and already give clear indications on the appropriateness of the selected concept and realized hardware and software.
Hearer-Focus Cues to a Target
Authors: Talmy Leonard
Published: September 2018

A hearer-focus cue is a cue metacognitively available to a hearer indicating that her own current object of attention may be the speaker’s intended target. In the sequence leading to its use, the hearer first observably directs her attention to some phenomenon. This is her focusing behavior. The speaker then observes this behavior, determines the phenomenon she is focusing on, proceeds to perceive that phenomenon himself, and produces an utterance with a trigger to target it. On hearing the trigger, the hearer is alerted to look for cues to its target. She ends up accepting the possibility that her own focus of attention is the speaker’s intended target, especially if other cue categories are poorly represented. Parameters along which this procedure can vary include the sensory modality of the phenomenon that the hearer is focusing on; the hearer’s reason for focusing on it; whether the hearer does or does not anticipate the phenomenon
Environmental Cues to a Target
Authors: Talmy Leonard
Published: September 2018

The environment is everything that extends out from the speaker in the speech-external domain and from the trigger in the speech-internal domain. Any aspect of the environment that helps a hearer determine the target is an environmental cue, though such aspects tend to diminish with increasing distance from the center. One division within this cue category is between environmental content cues and environmental structure cues. Another division is between environmental locating cues and environmental bounding cues. An environmental locating cue involves locating with respect to either a subenvironment or a Ground. In the former type, the cue helps the hearer limit her search for the target to some particular subenvironment out of the total environment. The reduction process that leads to that subenvironment can be immediate, nested, or dry. In the latter type, an environmental locating cue enables a procedure by which the hearer can perceptually or imaginally start at a particular Ground as reference point and procede to the location of the target.
Epistemic Cues to a Target
Authors: Talmy Leonard
Published: September 2018

An epistemic cue is any information that a hearer derives from her own knowledge that then helps her determine the speaker’s intended target. The term “knowledge” here is meant to apply broadly. It covers both explicit (declarative) and implicit (procedural) knowledge; both “knowledge” and “belief”; both long-held and recently acquired knowledge; both general and local knowledge in the collocutors’ common ground; and both nonlinguistic and linguistic knowledge. Nonlinguistic knowledge is basal knowledge about first-order phenomena. Linguistic knowledge, then, is meta-knowledge about the lexicon and syntax of a language and about the principles of discourse management that the collocutors use to represent the first-order phenomena. Linguistic knowledge about discourse management often involves knowledge of Mithun’s newsworthiness principle and of our counterfactual principle. The use of epistemic cues shows extensive parallelism across the speech-external and speech-internal domains. In both domains, epistemic cues can help a hearer find a target within a higher-level conceptual complex, set a boundary around a locative target, and select the target from competing candidates. And largely the same epistemic cues from both nonlinguistic and linguistic knowledge are used in both domains.
Perichronal Cues to a Target
Authors: Talmy Leonard
Published: September 2018

A perichronal cue is any temporal property of an element other than the trigger that helps the hearer determine the target. Such perichronal cues are of either the majority indirect type or the minority direct type. Perichronal cues of the majority type are the temporal properties of the elements near a trigger that indicate which of those elements can serve as cues to its target. They are indirect because they help determine the cues, not the target itself. They variously require that certain conditions be met. Perichronal cues of the minority type are the temporal properties of the elements near a trigger that indicate certain temporal properties of its target. They are direct because they help determine the target itself, not just cues to it. They pertain only to the target of a subsentential prosodic trigger — specifically, only to the precise time and duration of its occurrence. The elements providing such cues are basically either co-forms or gestures. The temporal properties of these elements that can serve as perichronal cues are their temporal relation to each other and to the trigger, and the speed of their production.
Interaction Sequences and Joint Attention
Authors: Talmy Leonard
Published: September 2018

We set forth two analytic frameworks — one pertaining to sequences of steps in a discourse AND one to common attention — to which triggers have specific relations. The framework pertaining to discourse sequences can be outlined as follows. A simplex morpheme or larger construction can be lexicalized to require either an inner or an outer sequence, which in turn can be either a single-actor or a cross-actor sequence. An interaction sequence, then, is an outer cross-actor sequence in which two collocutors alternate steps in the sequence. The steps of an interaction sequence can be either all overt or in part covert, and overt steps can be either all verbal actions or in part nonverbal actions. A step can in turn consist of a sequence of overt or covert components.
Consciousness and Predictive Processing
Authors: Wiese Wanja
Published: September 2018

Predictive processing (PP) is not a theory of consciousness. Hence, it is not obvious that PP should have any relevance to research on consciousness. A first promising possibility opens up if we consider the ambitious assumption that PP is a general theory of brain function. If the brain’s function is to minimize prediction error (just as the heart’s function is to pump blood), as Jakob Hohwy (2015) suggests, then it might well be that the computational processes underlying consciousness can usefully be described within the PP framework. This chapter focuses on (i) how PP accounts for attention, and what this suggests with regards to the relation between attention and consciousness (e.g., how volitional attention may change the contents of consciousness); (ii) furthermore, it is suggested that PP can provide a unifying perspective on some proposed functions and theories of consciousness (such as global workspace theory, attention schema theory, and integrated information theoy).
Advanced Manufacturing Emerges at the Federal Level
Authors: Bonvillian William B. , Singer Peter L.
Published: September 2018

This chapter looks at how the new policy focus on advanced manufacturing developed following the Great Recession. Barack Obama faced the Great Recession with a 10 percent unemployment rate. In particular, the auto industry had collapsed, smashing a large part of the manufacturing supplier sector. Government efforts to return to tolerable growth levels were relying almost exclusively on short-term stabilization policies. Neoclassical economists were at the helm, pressing their menu of fiscal and monetary plans to coax the price signals that could restore investment to nurture positive rates of growth. The problem was that these stabilization policies were limited in their ability to offset long-term underinvestment in the economic assets and factors that create the larger growth multipliers needed. For a significant period, this longer-term underinvestment had led to declining U.S. competitiveness and slower rates of growth. In other words, short-term stabilization was simply not enough; the problems were deeply structural and required a structural response.
Epilogues between Language and Necessity
Authors: Moro Andrea
Published: September 2018

Questions raised by the brief history of the verb can be grouped into three distinct research areas: questions about the formal mechanisms that interact in structuring sentences; questions about how these mechanisms are implemented physically in the brain; questions about what these sentences tell us in general about natural language as a biologically determined phenomenon, and ultimately about the position of humankind itself in nature. This chapter attempts to identify possible questions for each of the abovementioned lines of research, taking into account what has been learned in the journey through the history of the verb to be. The discussions cover the formal properties of grammar, the neuropsychological mechanisms underlying the formal principles of grammar, and evolutionary aspects of language.
Broadening Perspectives
Authors: Verdini Trejo Bruno
Published: September 2018

Highlights a set of transformative steps to changing the mindset of the stakeholders in the binational negotiations. Seeing is Believing illustrates how, overcoming a long-held pattern of mistrust, the U.S. invited the Mexican negotiators to tour the water infrastructure in the U.S. The visits along the Colorado River Basin led to a new collaborative understanding of the parties’ motivations and concerns. Sharing Tools for Better Understanding demonstrates how, by establishing a working group to jointly share data, train experts, and test modeling tools, the U.S. and Mexico built a common reference framework, unlike ever before, which enabled Mexican technical experts to better evaluate the forecasts and scenarios that underpin operations on the U.S. side of the River. This, in turn, allowed both countries to start exploring mutually beneficial proposals that otherwise would not have been considered. Putting Yourself in Their Shoes recounts how, as the U.S. negotiators developed an increasingly better grasp of Mexico’s back-table context, and vice versa, each side was able to actively help the other craft a more robust agreement that would represent a win for its constituents back home (victory speech).
Enhancing the Prospects for Finding Agreement
Authors: Verdini Trejo Bruno
Published: September 2018

Analyzes how the evidence from the Gulf of Mexico and Colorado River cases relates to the four realms of scholarship underpinning and combined through this book’s interdisciplinary research: public dispute resolution, adaptive leadership, collaborative decision-making, and political communication. These four areas, while intersecting in many ways, are often discussed, both in academia and the general public, separately from one another. Exploring the two cases through the combination of several propositions from these four areas, contributes to the development of a number of interdisciplinary practices that can assist stakeholders in the active resolution of transboundary energy, water, and environmental disputes.
Afterword: Building Negotiation Skills
Authors: Verdini Trejo Bruno
Published: September 2018

After laying out steps to assist and enhance transboundary natural resource management negotiations, the focus here will be to envision, in broad terms, how these steps might be effectively explored, refined, practiced, and disseminated collaboratively between interdependent developed and developing countries. The aim is to give an example of how to bring together various disciplines in order to build capacity at the intersection of public dispute resolution, adaptive leadership, collaborative decision-making, and political communication....
What Do Countries Do?
Authors: Ghosh Atish R. , Ostry Jonathan D. , Qureshi Mahvash S.
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines how emerging markets typically respond to capital inflows in practice. Confronted by an inflow surge, national authorities respond through a combination of policy instruments—both macroeconomic tools and less orthodox measures. While the thrust of the policy responses across countries is largely the same, there are differences in the specific instruments deployed that likely depend on economic, historical, and institutional characteristics. Central banks seem to use the policy interest rate to address inflation and overheating concerns associated with capital inflows, and to reduce currency appreciation. Most emerging market central banks intervene quite heavily in the face of inflows, nearly always sterilizing that intervention. Finally, emerging market economies also seem to be using capital controls and macroprudential measures in the face of large inflows, but capital controls appear less frequently, often acting as a backstop to other measures.
Effectiveness of Policy Instruments
Authors: Ghosh Atish R. , Ostry Jonathan D. , Qureshi Mahvash S.
Published: September 2018

This chapter assesses evidence on the effectiveness of various policy tools—foreign exchange (FX) intervention, nondiscriminatory macroprudential policies, capital controls, and currency-based prudential measures. When it comes to macroeconomic imbalances, sterilized FX intervention can be used to mitigate currency-appreciation pressures, and both sterilized intervention and macroprudential measures to curb domestic credit growth. As regards financial fragilities, capital controls can be used to tilt the composition of external liabilities away from riskier flows and restrict excessive foreign borrowing by the financial sector. Conversely, to limit foreign currency-denominated lending in the economy, currency-based macroprudential measures are strongly effective, with capital controls on inflows a possible alternative. The chapter's findings also show a significant association between the economy's resilience during crises and residency-based capital controls or currency-based prudential measures that help prevent the buildup of balance-sheet vulnerabilities.
The 2008 Global Crisis and Israel-Economy Resilience
Authors: Razin Assaf
Published: September 2018

The global financial crisis generated the deepest and longest recession since the Great Depression of the 1930s. The defining event of the 2008 global financial crisis was a “hemorrhagic stroke”: a paralytic implosion of the loanable funds markets. Depression forces such as they exist in the US, Europe, or Japan, do not appear to hold in the case of Israel. Its resilience to the external financial shock during the global crisis is rooted in (a) the absence of credit boom in the wake of the crisis, and (b) the relatively small commercial banks' exposure in terms of toxic assets that for the European countries played a major role. Reacting to the global trade-diminishing shocks, policy makers’ concern was three-fold: First, banks exposures to toxic assets such as mortgage based securities and foreigners’ debt obligations. Partly because Israel skipped the credit bubble, and bank regulations were relatively tight, Israel showed a sound resilience to the global financial shock. Second, Israel export markets softened and demand conditions deteriorated. Third, Israel domestic currency got strengthened. Bank of Israel addressed the last two issues by a massive foreign exchange market intervention to weaken the value of the domestic currency, and stimulate exports. The need to prolong the stimulus policies dissipated relatively fast.
Israel and East Asia
Authors: Razin Assaf
Published: September 2018

The global economy was jolted in the mid-1980s by China’s and India’s decision to abandon autarky in favour of export led growth and embrace “market communism”. Socialist India and Moslem Indonesia liberalized and emulated their neighbors’ trade participation strategy soon thereafter. Before the reforms, trade policy was characterized by high tariffs and pervasive import restrictions. Imports of manufactured consumer goods were completely banned. For capital goods, raw materials and intermediates, certain lists of goods were freely importable, but for most items where domestic substitutes were being produced, imports were only possible with import licenses. The criteria for issue of licenses were non-transparent; delays were endemic and corruption unavoidable. The economic reforms phased out import licensing, and reduced import duties.
High Fertility and Anemic Skill Acquisition
Authors: Razin Assaf
Published: September 2018

Most ultra-Orthodox Jews, a growing percentage of the total population, lack the skills to work in a modern economy, having studied little or no math and science beyond primary school (their curriculum focuses almost entirely on religious texts such as the Torah and Talmud). As a result, more than 60 percent live below the poverty line, compared with 12 percent among non-Haredi Jews. Most also opt out of military service, which is compulsory for other Israelis. The net effect: as the Haredi community expands, the burden of both taxation and conscription falls on fewer and fewer Israelis. Trends towards increased fertility, decreased labor force participation, and increased supply of time to religious studies in the ultra-Orthodox community are explained in terms of the behavior of a “club” that has strengthened its norms of religious stringency in an attempt to brace exclusion. The economic self- preservation of the “club” is akin to the old age security motive of bringing children, where children is a means for parents from their income (female work income, child allowances, and other government subsidies) generating years to their old age unproductive years. The parents to minimize “defection” from the community do not endow the children labor- market skills.