bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Propagation formulas and foci transformation of autofocusing beams
Authors: Ding Zhoulin , Xu Yonggen
Published: November 2024

Autofocusing beams have attracted widespread attention due to their advantages in optical trapping, but their propagation behavior in complex optical systems is still unclear. Here, we obtain the analytical propagation formulas for autofocusing beams through optical systems described by ABCD matrices. Foci adjustment through a lens and oscillate behavior in a parabolic potential medium of the beams are discussed. Interestingly, besides the real focus, autofocusing beams possess a virtual focus, which can be observed with a lens or lens-like medium. Furthermore, we provide a method for predicting the focal position of autofocusing beams passing through a given optical system, which is beneficial for the design and parameter optimization of practical optical devices.
Synergistic integration of fragmented transportation networks: When do networks (not) synergize?
Authors: Ezaki Takahiro , Imura Naoto , Nishinari Katsuhiro
Published: November 2024

The transportation of information, goods, people, and other entities inevitably experiences fluctuations in demand and supply, which results in the underutilization of certain links within a transportation network while other links are fully utilized and unable to accommodate any additional demand. A promising strategy for leveraging these links is the collaborative integration of fragmented transportation networks to facilitate access between isolated nodes. We present a novel analytical framework for examining the conditions under which such network integration would enhance the overall transportation efficiency. We conducted comprehensive numerical experiments to investigate the influence of the network structure on the synergistic effects of network integration with a focus on the link survival ratio and dissimilarity between networks. The results showed that networks comprising nodes with relatively uniform importance benefit significantly from network integration whereas core–periphery networks are less likely to benefit. Based on our findings, we propose an indicator for predicting the potential for synergistic effects that is related to the growth rate of the giant component. This study contributes understanding of transportation network dynamics and offers practical insights for optimizing network integration strategies to leverage underutilized capacities and improve various types of transportation systems.
Development of an automated artificial intelligence-based system for urogenital schistosomiasis diagnosis using digital image analysis techniques and a robotized microscope
Authors: Rubio Maturana Carles , Dantas de Oliveira Allisson , Zarzuela Francesc , Ruiz Edurne , Sulleiro Elena , Mediavilla Alejandro , Martínez-Vallejo Patricia , Nadal Sergi , Pumarola Tomàs , López-Codina Daniel , Abelló Alberto , Sayrol Elisa , Joseph-Munné Joan
Published: November 2024

Background

Urogenital schistosomiasis is considered a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is estimated to affect 150 million people worldwide, with a high relevance in resource-poor settings of the African continent. The gold-standard diagnosis is still direct observation of Schistosoma haematobium eggs in urine samples by optical microscopy. Novel diagnostic techniques based on digital image analysis by Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools are a suitable alternative for schistosomiasis diagnosis.

Methodology

Digital images of 24 urine sediment samples were acquired in non-endemic settings. S. haematobium eggs were manually labeled in digital images by laboratory professionals and used for training YOLOv5 and YOLOv8 models, which would achieve automatic detection and localization of the eggs. Urine sediment images were also employed to perform binary classification of images to detect erythrocytes/leukocytes with the MobileNetv3Large, EfficientNetv2, and NasNetLarge models. A robotized microscope system was employed to automatically move the slide through the X-Y axis and to auto-focus the sample.

Results

A total number of 1189 labels were annotated in 1017 digital images from urine sediment samples. YOLOv5x training demonstrated a 99.3% precision, 99.4% recall, 99.3% F-score, and 99.4% mAP0.5 for S. haematobium detection. NasNetLarge has an 85.6% accuracy for erythrocyte/leukocyte detection with the test dataset. Convolutional neural network training and comparison demonstrated that YOLOv5x for the detection of eggs and NasNetLarge for the binary image classification to detect erythrocytes/leukocytes were the best options for our digital image database.

Conclusions

The development of low-cost novel diagnostic techniques based on the detection and identification of S. haematobium eggs in urine by AI tools would be a suitable alternative to conventional microscopy in non-endemic settings. This technical proof-of-principle study allows laying the basis for improving the system, and optimizing its implementation in the laboratories.
TCF4 promotes apoptosis and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in acute kidney injury via transcriptional regulation of COX7A2L
Authors: Xi Minhui , Lu Jingyuan , Qi Hualin
Published: November 2024

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is still a serious kidney illness with high morbidity and death rates, and it’s crucial to comprehend the underlying molecular causes.

Methods

Bioinformatics analysis was performed on GSE139061 and GSE30718 data sets, and COX7A2L was screened out. The role of COX7A2L in H/R-treated cells and its transcriptional regulation with TCF4 were assessed. In vitro experiments analyzed the regulation of COX7A2L and TCF4 on the proliferation, apoptosis, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway of H/R-treated cells.

Results

COX7A2L as a hub gene was downregulated in AKI samples. In H/R-treated cells, COX7A2L overexpression inhibited apoptosis and promoted cell proliferation, while COX7A2L knockdown promoted apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation. Notably, TCF4 exhibited a significant positive correlation with COX7A2L. TCF4 overexpression-induced apoptosis was lessened and improved cell proliferation was countered by COX7A2L knockdown, according to rescue study findings. Besides, we discovered that TCF4 overexpression increased the expression of proteins linked to the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (c-myc, β-catenin, and cyclin D1), while underexpression of COX7A2L counteracted this effect.

Conclusion

The study revealed the pivotal role of COX7A2L in AKI, which is regulated by TCF4 and modulates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.
Optimizing plastic film mulch to improve the yield and water use efficiency of dryland maize in the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhang Hongjuan , Xing Yunpeng , Xue Lian
Published: November 2024

Knowledge on the variation of yield and water use efficiency under different mulching methods is important for guiding rained maize production in the Loess Plateau area. In this study, eight different plastic film mulching methods was established to analyze the maize growth, soil water content and soil temperature changes of dryland maize, and increase yield and water use efficiency (WUE). The field experiment was conducted in 2019, and eight treatments were set up, including a traditional flat planting without mulching (CK), ridge-furrow with ridges mulching black plastic film and furrows mulching straw (HJ), ridge-furrow with ridges mulching black plastic film and furrows bare (HL), ridge-furrow with ridges mulching liquid plastic film and furrows mulching straw (YJ), ridge-furrow with ridges mulching liquid plastic film and furrows bare (YL), ridge-furrow with ridges mulching biodegradable plastic film and furrows mulching straw (SJ), ridge-furrow with ridges mulching biodegradable plastic film and furrows bare (SL) and ridge-furrow with ridges bare and furrows mulching straw (NJ). Furthermore, the AHP-TOPSIS was employed to evaluate the optimal mulching method for maize. The results showed that compared with CK and NJ treatment, the soil water content and soil storage were significantly changes with other treatments in the reproductive period of maize. Among the six mulching methods, maize yield in HJ, HL, YJ, YL, SJ, and SL treatments were 46.28%, 61.95%, 70.30%, 51.02%, 52.02% and 53.53% significantly greater than CK treatment. In addition, dryland maize WUE was 66.53% and 84.01% higher in the YJ and YL treatments with ridges mulching liquid plastic film than in the CK treatment, respectively. The optimal treatments of economic benefits were YL and HJ. Through AHP-TOPSIS comprehensive analysis, the optimal mulching methods were YL and HJ treatment. Current field trials indicate that YL treatment could serve as a promising option to improve dryland maize yield, WUE, and reducing environmental risks in the Loess Plateau of China.
A detailed analysis of game statistics of professional tennis players: An inferential and machine learning approach
Authors: Bozděch Michal , Puda Dominik , Grasgruber Pavel
Published: November 2024

Tennis, a widely enjoyed sport, motivates athletes and coaches to optimize training for competitive success. This retrospective predictive study examines anthropometric features and statistics of 1990 tennis players in the 2022 season, using 20,040 data points retrospectively obtained from the ATP official source after the end of the season. These data were cross-verified with information from other sources before categorisation to address any discrepancies. Employing various analytical methods, the results emphasize the strategic importance of tournament participation and gameplay for financial gains and higher rankings. Prize money analysis reveals a significant disparity favoring top players. Multivariate Analysis of Variance highlights the need to consider multiple variables for understanding ATP rankings. Multinomial Logistic Regression identifies age, height, and specific service-related metrics as key determinants, with older and taller players more likely to secure top positions. Neural Network models exhibit potential in predicting ATP Rank outcomes, particularly for ATP Rank (500). Our results argue for the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), specifically Neural Networks, in handling complex interactions and emphasize that AI is a supportive tool in decision-making, requiring careful consideration by experienced individuals. In summary, this study enhances our understanding of ATP ranking factors, providing actionable insights for coaches, players, and stakeholders in the tennis community.
Offset curves: An application in road simulation
Authors: Rasheed Aqsa , Bashir Uzma
Published: November 2024

Routable Digital Maps represent a recent advancement driven by the growth of Intelligent Transportation System applications. Efforts have been made to develop and utilize maps within computer systems that can autonomously identify optimal routes. Typically, online map visualizations lack essential information such as traffic patterns, construction zones, or lane counts, which are crucial for designing accurate and realistic routes. This research introduces a route planning method that aggregates and reuses various data points to establish a robust framework for developing new routing plans. The primary goal is to analyze the collected data and create a framework for estimating a geometrically smooth centerline of a road map route. This method involves generating a series of parallel curves, known as offset curves, to facilitate the creation of new routes and alternative lanes. The following examples illustrate some empirical results obtained from this approach.
Factors regulating the gripping force and stiffness of 25- and 27-gauge internal limiting membrane forceps
Authors: Katakami Kana , Imai Hisanori , Sotani Yasuyuki , Yamada Hiroko , Nakamura Makoto
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to identify the factors affecting the gripping force and stiffness of 25-gauge and 27-gauge (25G and 27G, respectively) internal limiting membrane (ILM) forceps and to compare the effect of these factors on various ILM forceps manufactured by different companies. This study evaluated 25G and 27G ILM forceps with two different types of tip shapes, Eckardt and Maxgrip, manufactured by Alcon (A), DORC (B), VitreQ (C), and Katalyst (D). The gripping force was defined as the force required to move the ILM forceps away from a thin paper by pulling the paper. Shaft stiffness was determined by measuring the shaft displacement under a known force. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the gripping force showed significant correlations with the gauge (P<0.001), type of shaft tip (Eckardt/Maxgrip) (P<0.001), and contact area of the tip (P<0.001). The shaft stiffness showed significant correlations with the gauge (P<0.001), length of the base (P<0.001), thickness of the metal of the shaft (P = 0.05), and lumen area of the shaft (P = 0.01). The gripping force and shaft stiffness differed for each product. Thus, vitreoretinal surgeons must select the appropriate type of ILM forceps based on their characteristics.
Flow characterization and structural alterations in Ahmed glaucoma FP7 tubes after in-vitro aging in silicone oil
Authors: Taha Abu Tahir , Clarke Matthew , Wabl Chiara , Han Ying , Brodie Frank
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Patients with intraocular silicone oil (SO) display higher odds of surgical failure after Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation compared to patients without SO. However, the structural impact of SO exposure on silicone-made AGV tubes and the resulting changes in flow rate remain unexplored. This in-vitro study evaluated changes in tube dimensions and flow rates of AGV FP7 tubes after SO exposure to inform clinicians how such changes may impact AGV functionality.

Methods

AGV FP7 tube segments underwent accelerated aging to approximate 90 days of exposure to the following media: Balanced Salt Solution (BSS), 1000 centistokes (cs) SO, and 5000cs SO. Tube dimensions were measured before and after aging. A constant gravity flow test setup was created to measure flow rates through tubes before and after aging. The students’ T-test was used to compare the mean change between groups post-aging.

Results

Post-exposure, 1000cs and 5000cs SO tube segments increased in length by 5.94% and 5.55%, respectively, compared to 0.38% of BSS tubes (P < 0.05 for both). The inner lumen area expanded for tube segments in 1000cs and 5000cs SO by 11.75% and 2.70%, respectively, but contracted for tubes in BSS by -2.70% (P < 0.01 and P = 0.068 for 1000cs and 5000cs SO, respectively). Post aging, the flow rates increased on average by 61.0% and 98.6% for 1000cs and 5000cs SO, respectively, whereas flow rates for BSS tube segments slightly decreased by -4.92%. The difference was statistically significant for BSS vs. SO groups (P < 0.01 for both).

Conclusions

Prolonged exposure to SO structurally altered the AGV FP7 tube segments by expanding their cross-sectional area, potentially leading to increased flow rates. These results may inform clinicians about potential in-vivo interactions in patients with the simultaneous presence of glaucoma drainage devices and intraocular SO.
The prospective impact of extradyadic stress on depressive symptoms and the mediating role of intradyadic stress in parents–an actor-partner interdependence mediation model
Authors: Böhlmann Paula , Mack Judith T. , Weise Victoria , Seefeld Lara , Bodenmann Guy , Zietlow Anna-Lena , Garthus-Niegel Susan
Published: November 2024

Background

Stress outside of the couple relationship (extradyadic stress) can spill over into the couple relationship, increasing stress between the partners (intradyadic stress). Extra- and intradyadic stress are furthermore associated with depressive symptoms. Due to the interdependence of romantic partners, this study aimed to investigate the influence of the person’s own and their partner’s extra- and intradyadic stress on the person’s depressive symptoms in parents of toddlers. The second aim was to evaluate whether intradyadic stress mediates the within-person and between-partner association between extradyadic stress and depressive symptoms.

Methods

Longitudinal data of a community sample of 878 opposite-sex couples, participating in the prospective cohort study DREAM, were collected two and three years after birth. Extra- and intradyadic stress were assessed by the Multidimensional Stress Questionnaire for Couples and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. An actor-partner interdependence mediation model was applied to the data, while controlling for the confounder academic degree.

Results

The person’s own extradyadic stress predicted their depressive symptoms one year later, partially mediated by their intradyadic stress. The partner’s extradyadic stress and the person’s own depressive symptoms one year later were only indirectly associated through the person’s own intradyadic stress. In a sensitivity analysis, between-partner effects were no longer significant after including autoregressive pathways.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the importance of the extradyadic–intradyadic stress spillover for the mental health of women and men with young children. Early targeted interventions could help to prevent later depressive symptoms by reducing stress inside the couple relationship that results from both partners’ stress from outside the couple relationship.
Oxygen supplementation and cognitive function in long-COVID
Authors: Gagnon Christine , Vincent Thomas , Bherer Louis , Gayda Mathieu , Cloutier Simon-Olivier , Nozza Anna , Guertin Marie-Claude , Blaise Patricia , Cloutier Isabelle , Kamada Alan , Glezer Stanislav , Denault André , Tardif Jean-Claude
Published: November 2024

Background

Patients can experience persistent cognitive complaints and deficits in long-COVID. Inflammation and capillary damage may contribute to symptoms by interfering with tissue oxygenation.

Methods

This was an exploratory pilot crossover study designed to describe the effects of supplemental oxygen (portable oxygen concentrator, POC) on cognitive performance and peripheral and cerebral oxygen saturation at rest and exercise. Participants with long-COVID (n = 21) were randomized 1:1 to: 1) POC (3h/day) for 2 weeks followed by standard of care (Control) for 2 weeks or 2) Control for 2 weeks then POC (3h/day) for 2 weeks, with a 1-week washout. Cognitive assessment (global cognition [Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA], episodic memory [Hopkins], working memory [Digit Span], executive function [Verbal fluency]) was performed at baseline and after each treatment period. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 were completed. Peripheral and cerebral oxygen saturation were measured at rest and exercise (treadmill) at baseline and after each treatment period. Statistical analyses were descriptive without formal testing.

Results

MoCA scores were similar under POC (26.45±2.31) and Control (26.37±2.85); overall POC-Control difference was -0.090 (95% CI [-1.031, 0.850]). Because of a learning effect, post-hoc analyses were performed for Period 1, where the MoCA score difference was 1.705 [0.140, 3.271]. MoCA subscores suggested better performance with POC for Visuospatial/executive (0.618 [-0.106, 1.342]) and Attention (0.975 [0.207, 1.743]). POC trended to have better scores on Digit Span backward (difference: 0.822 [-0.067, 1.711]) and self-reported depressive symptoms (difference: -1.335 [-3.166, 0.495]). For specific PHQ-9 items, POC tended to have lower (better) scores for Q1 (Little interest/pleasure) and Q7 (Trouble concentrating). Cerebral oxygen saturations at end of exercise showed no difference between POC and Control. Peripheral saturations during exercise were similar under POC and Control (difference: 0.519% [-1.675, 2.714]).

Conclusion

An advantage of POC over Control was observed for global cognition, attention, visuospatial/executive performance and depressive symptoms. Results need to be validated in a larger study.
Cross-sectional study on urinary metal concentrations in young adult residents of Emirate of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Masarani Asmaa , Khaled Raghad , Hussein Bdour , Alhammadi Huda , Al-Ali Salma , Kinbaz Yahya , Mohammad Zadeh Shima A. , Shousha Tamer , Mousa Mouath , Hassanein Mai M. , Semreen Mohammad , Semerjian Lucy , Abass Khaled
Published: November 2024

Background

Human biomonitoring is crucial for regulatory toxicology, yet data on biomarker concentrations in the UAE are lacking. This study addresses this gap by analyzing urinary concentrations of 16 metals in UAE young adults, assessing correlations with personal characteristics, dietary patterns, and lifestyle habits.

Methods

A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted among 144 randomly selected young adults (71 males and 73 females) from Sharjah, UAE, between January and March 2023. Participants provided urine samples, which were analyzed for 16 heavy metals using ICP-OES, and completed detailed questionnaires covering sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, and dietary habits. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize participant characteristics, and linear regression analysis was applied to explore associations between metal concentrations and factors such as gender, dietary habits, and exposure to environmental risks. Non-parametric tests, including the Mann-Whitney test, were used to assess differences by gender. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Ethical approval was obtained, and informed consent was secured before participation

Results

Significant findings include dietary influences on metal exposure, with rice consumption linked to higher metal concentrations. Sex differences were significant, with females showing elevated levels of arsenic, lead, and cadmium. Lifestyle factors, such as smoking and incense use, were correlated with increased barium and boron levels.

Conclusion

This study highlights the significant role of dietary habits, especially the consumption of rice, in metal exposure among young adults in Sharjah. The findings highlight the urgent need for comprehensive human biomonitoring to understand environmental exposures and reform public health policies. The gender-specific differences in metal distribution suggest the necessity for targeted public health strategies. The study, however, is limited by its cross-sectional nature and the focus on a specific geographic area, warranting further research for broader generalizability. Future investigations, particularly on the impact of incense exposure on metal levels, are essential for developing comprehensive health interventions and preventive strategies in the UAE.
Hands Up Program: Results of a feasibility study of a randomized controlled trial of a bone health exercise and education program for adults aged 50–65 post distal radius fracture
Authors: Ziebart Christina , MacDermid Joy , Bryant Dianne , Szekeres Mike , Suh Nina
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Distal radius fractures (DRF) that occur from a fall from level ground are considered fragility fractures and may be the first indication that someone has compromised bone mineral density and is at risk of having osteoporosis. Women at about 50 years of age experience a dramatic increase risk of these fractures. Rehabilitation after DRF focuses on restoring range of motion and strength in the wrist, but rarely address future bone health concerns. We developed a 6-week therapist-developed remote full body exercise and osteoporosis/bone-health education program (called The Hands Up Program). This study was designed to evaluate the feasibility of a larger trial examining the effects of a whole-body exercise and education program for people 50–65 after a DRF.

Methods

Community dwelling individuals between the age of 50–65 with a radiographically confirmed DRF were recruited from the Roth| McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Center in London, Ontario. Participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio into either the Hands Up Program which was a twice weekly exercise and education program for 6 weeks, or the control group where they proceeded with usual care. The intervention was delivered online through a website where participants created a unique username and password to access. The primary feasibility outcomes of the study were recruitment rate (74 participants in 1 year), retention rate (75% completion), and intervention adherence rate (60% of completion of the exercise program). Secondary outcomes included strength, range of motion, self-reported outcomes, and bone density.

Results

Overall, 74 participants were recruited in 14 months. Retention did not meet the criteria for success, as only 53% of the participants attended their 12-month visit. Adherence was also not met albeit close with 55% completing the exercise program. Twelve participants withdrew from the study, five due to the time commitment, four without explanation, one due to group allocation, one due to COVID and one participant moved. One participant was deemed ineligible after consent. Four of the participants that withdrew were in the intervention group, and four in the control group, five participants withdrew before they were allocated to a group. Feedback from patients indicated potential improvements to the program: lower assessment burden, spacing out the intervention so that the education portion could be delivered during the immobilization phase of recovery, and creating a more individualized program.

Conclusion

Adherence and retention were both a challenge, although adherence was close to target. While achieving adherence to exercise in bone health is a known challenge, given the importance of prevention in the at-risk DRF population and the challenges in co-design and delivery during the pandemic, we believe evaluation of a revitalized program is warranted.
Monitoring bay-scale ecosystem changes in bivalve aquaculture embayments using flow cytometry
Authors: Sharpe Hannah , Guyondet Thomas , Barrell Jeffrey , Belzile Claude , McKindsey Christopher W. , Salvo Flora , Lacoursière-Roussel Anaïs
Published: November 2024

Bay-scale empirical evaluations of how bivalve aquaculture alters plankton composition, and subsequently ecological functioning and higher trophic levels, are lacking. Temporal, inter- and within-bay variation in hydrodynamic, environmental, and aquaculture pressure complicate plankton monitoring design to detect bay-scale changes and inform aquaculture ecosystem interactions. Here, we used flow cytometry to investigate spatio-temporal variations in bacteria and phytoplankton (< 20 μm) composition in four bivalve aquaculture embayments. We observed higher abundances of bacteria and phytoplankton in shallow embayments that experienced greater freshwater and nutrient inputs. Depleted nutrient conditions may have led to the dominance of picophytoplankton cells, which showed strong within-bay variation as a function of riverine vs marine influence and nutrient availability. Although environmental forcings appeared to be a strong driver of spatio-temporal trends, results showed that bivalve aquaculture may reduce near-lease phytoplankton abundance and favor bacterial growth. We discuss confounding environmental factors that must be accounted for when interpreting aquaculture effects such as grazing, benthic-pelagic coupling processes, and microbial biogeochemical cycling. Conclusions provide guidance on sampling considerations using flow cytometry in aquaculture sites based on embayment geomorphology and hydrodynamics.
Prolactin protects hippocampal neurons against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity by suppressing BAX and NOX4 via the NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Macías Fernando , Ulloa Miriam , Clapp Carmen , Martínez de la Escalera Gonzalo , Arnold Edith
Published: November 2024

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are physiological byproducts of neuronal metabolism. However, an imbalance between ROS generation and antioxidant capacity, often driven by dysregulated pro-oxidant enzymes like nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NOX), can result in deleterious oxidative stress. This oxidative stress is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. While interventions with broad-spectrum antioxidants have demonstrated limited efficacy, the modulation of endogenous antioxidant mechanisms presents a promising therapeutic avenue. Here, we investigated the potential of the neuroprotective hormone prolactin to mitigate oxidative stress and subsequent neuronal cell death. Prolactin protected primary mouse hippocampal neurons from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage. Prolactin reduced ROS levels, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis, and its effects were occluded by a specific prolactin receptor antagonist (G129R-hPRL). Mechanistically, prolactin suppressed H2O2-induced mRNA upregulation of pro-oxidative Nox4 and pro-apoptotic Bax. Moreover, prolactin induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) nuclear translocation, and the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway abolished the neuroprotective and transcriptional effects of prolactin, indicating its central role in prolactin-mediated protection. Our findings indicate that prolactin exerts potent antioxidant and neuroprotective effects by modulating the expression of Nox4 and Bax, thereby reducing ROS generation and neuronal apoptosis. This study underscores the therapeutic potential of prolactin in attenuating oxidative stress and suggests a possible role in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Role of zeolite and palm fiber in modifying the strength of cement-treated soil
Authors: Qu Jili , Hu Lingqing , Wang Shouqian , Li Wang , Yin Jingyuan , Yang Xu , Yao Siyu , Batugin Andrian , Mihaela Cristea Lavinia
Published: November 2024

This paper aimed to research the role of zeolite and palm fiber in changing strength of cement-treated soil. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) testwas mainly used to study the changes of strength of cement-treated soil by varied content of cement, zeolite, palm fiber under different curing period. The optimum substitution rate of zeolite for cement was researched for the purpose of increasing of strength of cement-treated soil and low carbon and environment protection, while the optimum content of palm fiber was explored for improving of strength and ductility of cement-treated soil by means of analytic software. Finally, the multiple regression technology was used to try to capture the relationship between strength of cement-treated soil and content of zeolite and palm fiber. The results show that the cement, zeolite, palm fiber and curing age have strong effect on the UCS of cement-treated soil.
Seven mitochondrial genomes of tribe Hylurgini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Eurasia and their phylogenetic analysis
Authors: An Na , Yuan Yuan , Ge Sixun , Zhang Xudong , Ren Lili , Roques Alain , Luo Youqing
Published: November 2024

The Hylurgini tribe (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) comprises commercially significant bark beetles, including invasive species within the genera Dendroctonus and Hylurgus. These invasive species coexist with native Tomicus species of Hylurgini and cooperatively infest host trees in China. However, we lack sufficient mitochondrial genome data of Hylurgini to conduct phylogenetic studies, clarify the phylogenetic relationships of the above species, and improve the understanding of niche divergence and common hazards. Here, we sequenced and analyzed the mitochondrial genomes of seven Hylurgini species, including Dendroctonus valens, Hylurgus ligniperda, Hylurgus micklitzi, Tomicus piniperda, Tomicus brevipilosus, Tomicus minor and Tomicus yunnanensis. All sequenced mitochondrial genomes ranged from 15,339 bp to 17,545 bp in length, and their AT contents ranged from 73.24% to 78.81%. The structure of the seven mitochondrial genomes was consistent with that of ancestral insects. Based on 13 protein-coding genes from the reported mitochondrial genomes of 29 species of bark beetles, we constructed phylogenetic trees using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. The topology of the two phylogenetic trees was almost consistent. The findings elucidated the taxonomy classification of Hylurgini and the evolutionary connections of its sister taxa within the Scolytinae. This study offers insights for examining the evolutionary connections between invasive and native bark beetles, as well as the molecular identification and detection of newly invading species.
Suppressing neutrophil itaconate production attenuates Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
Authors: Wang Cui , Wen Jun , Yan Zijun , Zhou Yujun , Gong Zhande , Luo Ying , Li Zhenkui , Zheng Kang , Zhang Haijun , Ding Nan , Wang Chuan , Zhu Cuiming , Wu Yimou , Lei Aihua
Published: November 2024

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in which neutrophils play a critical role. Immune-responsive gene 1 (IRG1), responsible for itaconate production, has emerged as an important regulator of inflammation and infection, but its role during M. pneumoniae infection remains unknown. Here, we reveal that itaconate is an endogenous pro-inflammatory metabolite during M. pneumoniae infection. Irg1 knockout (KO) mice had lower levels of bacterial burden, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and pro-inflammatory cytokines compared with wild-type (WT) controls after M. pneumoniae infection. Neutrophils were the major cells producing itaconate during M. pneumoniae infection in mice. Neutrophil counts were positively correlated with itaconate concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with severe M. pneumoniae pneumonia. Adoptive transfer of Irg1 KO neutrophils, or administration of β-glucan (an inhibitor of Irg1 expression), significantly attenuated M. pneumoniae pneumonia in mice. Mechanistically, itaconate impaired neutrophil bacterial killing and suppressed neutrophil apoptosis via inhibiting mitochondrial ROS. Moreover, M. pneumoniae induced Irg1 expression by activating NF-κB and STAT1 pathways involving TLR2. Our data thus identify Irg1/itaconate pathway as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of M. pneumoniae pneumonia.
Comunicação e Jornalismo em Contextos Eleitorais
Authors: Araújo Bruno , Figueira João
Published: November 2024

Em fevereiro de 2022, o Washington Post anunciou a criação de uma nova equipa editorial — The Post's Democracy Team — cujos jornalistas têm por missão, doravante, cobrir melhor os processos eleitorais e os órgãos locais de poder. Mais uma vez, sobressai a importância da informação — e a intenção de a melhorar — no pressuposto de que isso terá um impacto positivo nos processos de atuação das instâncias do poder democrático.
Modelo de jornalismo e ‘pós-verdade’
Authors: Guimarães Cátia
Published: November 2024

Propõe uma análise crítica do modelo de jornalismo que se conformou como prática profissional e instrumento da democracia, buscando compreender as fragilidades que contribuem para a crise que de confiança e legitimidade que ele hoje enfrenta. Traça uma breve história desse modelo, localizando sua origem no momento de consolidação da ordem burguesa pós-revoluções liberais e identifica como uma de suas principais características, relevantes para o momento atual, a concepção de objetividade como sinônimo de neutralidade. Chegando ao cenário contemporâneo, discute o papel do jornalismo na normalização de lideranças de extrema-direita no Brasil e em Portugal.
Discursos sobre a criação de estados no Pará
Authors: Ferreira de Aquino Evelyn Cristina
Published: November 2024

Em 2011, a população paraense decidiu, em plebiscito, sobre a configuração político-territorial de um Estado. A criação de novos estados voltou a ecoar na cobertura jornalística das eleições em 2014, como posição midiática de forma a contribuir para a escolha eleitoral do público. Neste trabalho analisamos a cobertura jornalística do jornal O Liberal durante o período de campanhas ao governo estadual em 2014, no que tange à reverberação de discursos sobre o plebiscito realizado em 2011. Utilizamos como metodologia a análise crítica do discurso (ACD) aos moldes do modelo teórico-metodológico proposto por van Dijk (2005). O debate foi reduzido à disputa de grupos políticos já sacralizados na região contra a ascensão de outros que buscam o seu quinhão de poder, tendo como consequências o apagamento dos anseios históricos de autonomia da população da região do Carajás e do Tapajós. O papel informativo do jornalismo utilizou-se de estratégias discursivas que, na disputa comunicacional, buscaram legitimar estruturas de poder hegemônicas.
Verdade, mentira e fake news nos discursos de Lula e Bolsonaro
Authors: Seibt Taís , Trein Sérgio , Timm Carolina , Coin Juliana
Published: November 2024

A pesquisa monitorou menções aos termos “fake news”, “verdade” e “mentira” nas publicações dos candidatos Lula e Bolsonaro em seus perfis no Twitter durante a campanha eleitoral para presidente do Brasil em 2022, com o objetivo de compreender os sentidos produzidos no discurso dos candidatos, seguindo a metodologia de Análise de Discurso de linha francesa. Parte-se de estudos contemporâneos sobre desinformação nas plataformas digitais para a problematização teórica dos conceitos. Como resultados, temos uma postura retórica nas postagens de Jair Bolsonaro, no intuito de reforçar uma visão particular de “verdade” e “mentira” - não foram encontradas citações ao termo “fake news” -, enquanto Lula busca confirmar a veracidade de suas declarações ou reiterar a falsidade do que diz o adversário, utilizando técnicas discursivas similares às de verificadores profissionais, concentrando todas as citações à expressão “fake news” no corpus da pesquisa.
The School Years Screening Test for Evaluation of Mental Status-Revised (SYSTEMS-R) as a cognitive function screening tool in children with epilepsy
Authors: Urfianty Urfianty , Pusponegoro Hardiono Djuned , Alatas Fatima Safira , Soebadi Amanda , Ramli Yetty
Published: November 2024

Background Children with epilepsy are at high risk of cognitive impairment that can affect quality of life. Intelligence quotient (IQ) measurement using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) is the gold standard test of cognitive function, but it is time-consuming and costly. The School Years Screening Test for Evaluation of Mental Status-Revised (SYSTEMS-R) is a potential cognitive function screening tool that can be used in children with epilepsy.
Objective  To assess the performance of SYSTEMS-R as a cognitive function screening tool in children aged 6-15 years with epilepsy.
Methods This cross-sectional diagnostic test study was conducted in children aged 6-15 years with epilepsy. All subjects were assessed using both SYSTEMS-R and WISC 4th edition. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, likelihood ratios of the positive and negative tests, and accuracy of SYSTEMS-R was calculated, with WISC as the gold standard test.  
Results Based on the SYSTEMS-R, the prevalence of cognitive impairment in children aged 6-15 years with epilepsy in our population was 86.4%. With WISC as the gold SYSTEMS-R had 84% sensitivity, 91% specificity, 98% positive predictive value, and 47% negative predictive value. The likelihood ratio of a positive SYSTEMS-R test was 10.11 and the likelihood ratio of a negative test was 0.17. The overall accuracy of SYSTEMS-R to detect cognitive impairment was 85%.
Conclusion SYSTEMS-R has good sensitivity and specificity to assess cognitive function in children 6-15 years with epilepsy. It can be considered for widespread use in the early detection of cognitive impairment in pediatric epilepsy patients aged 6-15 years.
Measurement of leak volume as a diagnostic predictor of post-extubation stridor in pediatric patients
Authors: Jetanachai Pravit , Pojthaveekiet Jariya
Published: November 2024

Background Endotracheal intubation can cause post-extubation stridor (PES). The PES may prolong the length of stay in the hospital and be associated with increased morbidity and mortality, particularly if re-intubation is necessary. The leak volume (LV) test is a simple method to detect airway edema.
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of LV and percent leak volume (PLV) in predicting PES.
Methods Inspired tidal volume (VTi) and expired tidal volume (VTe) were observed for six respiratory cycles during positive pressure ventilation before extubation. The average of the six VTi and six VTe values were recorded. The LV  was the difference between average VTi and average VTe. The conversion of the ratio of LV to average VTi into percentage was defined as PLV. Both LV and PLV were analyzed to determine cut-off values in predicting PES.
Results Among 77 patients, 39 patients (50.6%) developed PES. Both LV and PLV showed a significant decrease in patients with PES.The ROC analysis showed that LV at a cut-off point of < 18.34 ml gave a sensitivity of 82.1% and specificity of 57.9%, whereas PLV < 13.83% yielded 79.5% sensitivity and 57.9% specificity for predicting PES. The LV and PLV had an area under the ROC curve of 0.770 (95%CI 0.665 to 0.874; P<0.001) and 0.706 (95%CI 0.59 to 0.821; P=0.01) respectively.
Conclusion Leak volume and percent leak volume   can be used as  markers  to predict PES in pediatric patients.
Risk factors for acute kidney injury in children with critical illness
Authors: Chalisah Lilis , Sovira Nora , Amna Eka Yunita , Amna Eka Yunita , Anidar Anidar , Haris Syafruddin , Bakhtiar Bakhtiar
Published: November 2024

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an acute functional kidney disorder that increases morbidity and mortality in children. The mortality rate for critically ill patients accompanied by AKI is quite high and is influenced by the degree of AKI, the severity of the disease, and organ function disorders. Understanding the risk factors of developing AKI in children with critical illness can help prevent AKI.
Objective To determine the risk factors for AKI in children with critical illness.
Methods This retrospective cohort  study included 255 children aged 1 month to 18 years admitted at the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of dr. Zainoel Abidin Regional Public Hospital, Banda Aceh, Aceh, from January to December 2022 using medical record data. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed.
Results Acute kidney injury occurred in 68 (26.7%) patients. Based on pRIFLE criteria, 34 (50%) patients had AKI in the failure stage. Risk factors for AKI in children with critical illness were in descending order of RR: sepsis (RR 14.3; 95%CI 11.68 to 18.66; P=0.000), mechanical ventilation (RR 12.13; 95%CI 8.75 to 15.98; P=0.000), respiratory disorders (RR 2.51; 95%CI 2.06 to 4.02; P=0.003), congenital heart disease (RR 2.08; 95%CI 2.00 to 3.05; P=0.004), CNS disorders (RR 1.24; 95%CI 1.02 to 2.49; P=0.048), nephrotoxic drug use (RR 1.41; 95%CI 1.24 to 3.08; P=0.000), and age 1 month to 5 years (RR 0.072; 95%CI 0.16 to 0.32; P=0.010).
Conclusion Sepsis is a risk factor for AKI in children with critical illness, followed by mechanical ventilation use, respiratory disorders, nephrotoxic drug use.  Age <5 years is a protective factor.
Risk factors of speech and language disorders in children
Authors: Rusli Vinia , Suryawan Ahmad , Irmawati Mira , Irwanto Irwanto , Notobroto Hari Basuki
Published: November 2024

Background Speech and language problems are developmental disorders often observed in children. Risk factors for speech and language disorders can occur prenatally, perinatally, or postnatally. Recognizing the risk factors for speech and language problems is essential for early diagnosis and intervention.
Objective To identify risk and protective factors of speech and language disorders in children.
Methods This case-control study was conducted in the Growth and Development Clinic at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Siloam Hospital, Kendangsari Merr Hospital, and Darmo Hospital, Surabaya, East Java. Subjects with normal development were included in the control group, subjects with speech-language development disorders with no additional problems were included in the primary case group, and subjects with speech-language disorders and additional problems were included in the secondary case group. Subjects underwent history-taking and developmental examinations to assess for risk factors and types of speech-language disorders.
Results During March – July 2023, 162 subjects aged 2-6 years met the inclusion criteria. The significant risk factors in the primary group were male sex (P=0.000), age 2-3 years (P=0.01), and maternal age 19-35 years (P=0.018). The protective factor identified was not bilingual (P=0.046). In the secondary group, the significant risk factor was male gender (P=0.002). The protective factors obtained were absence of seizures (P=0.028) and not being bilingual (P=0.045).
Conclusion Male gender is a risk factor while non-bilingual is  protective  for speech-language disorders in children.
A serial case of Japanese encephalitis in West Kalimantan
Authors: Thedra Nathania , Phangkawira Evelyn
Published: November 2024

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an important, vaccine-preventable cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. This medical condition has a high morbidity and mortality rate, remains an under-recognized cause of encephalitis, with high rate of mortality and severe sequelae in children, especially in West Kalimantan. However, poor surveillance has made the burden difficult to quantify, hindering decisions about subsidized vaccine introduction. 
In this serial case, the most common clinical presentations of JE were fever, altered mental status, seizures, vomiting, and positive meningeal irritation signs or pathologic reflexes. The JE mortality rate was as high as 40%. These highlight the need of disease surveillance, diagnostic kits supply, and health education to increase public disease awareness.
Sufficiency as a “Strategy of the Enough”: Curbing ecological crises and injustices. A summary of the German Advisory Council on the Environment’s discussion paper
Authors: Michaelis Julia , Vogel Bendix , Strunz Sebastian , Lucht Wolfgang , Dahms Henriette , Dornack Christina , Geissler Anne , Hertin Julia , Hoffart Franziska , Kemfert Claudia , Klein Manuel , Köck Wolfgang , Lage Jonas , Marquard Elisabeth , Schmalz Sophie , Settele Josef , Sommer Bernd , Weiss Sebastian , Wiegand Sophie
Published: November 2024

A recent discussion paper Sufficiency as a “Strategy of the Enough”: A Necessary Debate by the German Advisory Council on the Environment (SRU) aims to intensify the debate on sufficiency, a central but neglected element of future-oriented policy. It defines sufficiency
as the need to limit the consumption and production of ecologically critical goods and services, mainly by the economically rich, as a basis for reducing distributional injustices and environmental impacts. Rather than proposing specific measures, the paper deliberately aims to explain the
need for sufficiency from various scientific disciplines, and invite discussion. Here, the authors of the discussion paper provide a short overview of the analyses and arguments in English.