bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
СТРАТЕГІЧНІ ОСНОВИ ДИСТАНЦІЙНОГО ОЦІНЮВАННЯ СТАНУ ПАЦІЄНТІВ У МОБІЛЬНІЙ МЕДИЦИНІ. ІНФОРМАТИВНІСТЬ, ТОЧНІСТЬ, НАДІЙНІСТЬ
Authors: Шевченко Я. О.
Published: August 2020

Проаналізовано принципи дистанційного оцінювання стану пацієнтів у мобільній медицині. Особлива увага приділена значенню інформативності та точності показників, що вимірюються на відстані. Обґрунтовано методологію визначення інтегральної валідності отриманих кількісних оцінок дистанційного моніторингу. Зроблено висновки про необхідність використання показників ризику прогнозованих станів як універсального методу для визначення інформативності симптомів при мобільному спостереженні за пацієнтами. Запропоновано новий підхід підвищення точності та надійності показників при дистанційному спостереженні за станом пацієнта, пов'язаний із використанням динамічних оцінок змін.
ФАКТОРИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ЗАМКНУТОЇ МЕДИЧНОЇ ОСВІТИ В СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ: НЕФОРМАЛЬНІСТЬ, ТРАНСДИСЦИПЛІНАРНІСТЬ І БЕЗПЕРЕРВНІСТЬ
Authors: Вороненко Ю. В. , Мінцер О. П.
Published: August 2020

Розглянуто фактори, що забезпечують якість та ефективність сучасного безперервного професійного розвитку лікарів і провізорів. Серед значної кількості факторів виділено трансдисциплінарність, безперервність, органічне поєднання формальної, неформальної та інформальної освіти. Дослідження було спрямовано на обґрунтування технології формування індивідуальної освітньої траєкторії під час безперервного професійного розвитку. З'ясовано, що створення сучасної системи трансферу знань у медицині можливо за умови врахування необхідності забезпечення високої якості навчання лікарів і провізорів, орієнтованого на підготовку особистості, інтенсивне впровадження трансдисциплінарності навчання. Основою сучасного набуття знань, навиків і інших компетентностей у післядипломній медичній освіті та безперервному професійному розвитку лікарів і провізорів запропоновано введення індивідуальної освітньої траєкторії, що базується на трьох складових — максимальній Цифровізації, професіональному портфоліо та контент - аналізі.
СИСТЕМА ОБЛІКУ ТА СТАТИСТИЧНОГО АНАЛІЗУ ДАНИХ ПРО ПАЦІЄНТІВ ІЗ ДІАГНОЗОМ ЕПІЛЕПСІЯ
Authors: Стецюк В. З. , Бабінцева Л. Ю. , Іванова Т. П. , Федушка Г. М. , Чиж Ю. М. , Муха І. П.
Published: August 2020

Представлено опис основні компоненти комп'ютерного десктопного програмного забезпечення для автоматизації ведення обліку пацієнтів і статистичної періодичної звітності «Облік даних про пацієнтів із діагнозом епілепсія». Об'єктом дослідження стала база даних електронної медичної облікової документації відділення неврології НДСЛ «ОХМАТДИТ», способи оброблення інформації, спрямовані на отримання оперативної та періодичної статистичної звітності з використанням основних елементів архітектури Microsoft SQL Server. Програмне забезпечення розроблено для оптимізації процесу реєстрації пацієнтів із діагнозом епілепсія у відділені дитячої неврології.
МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ В ГАЛУЗІ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ’Я НА РЕГІОНАЛЬНОМУ РІВНІ
Authors: Марценюк В. П. , Вакуленко Д. В. , Скочиляс С. М.
Published: August 2020

Запропоновано інвестиційну модель охорони здоров'я, котра орієнтується на збереження високої інвестиційної активності та відносне поліпшення конкурентоспроможності області. Відповідно до побудованої моделі управління розвитком медичної галузі за допомогою системи нелінійних звичайних диференціальних рівнянь із двома розподіленими запізненнями, представлено економічну інтерпретацію кожного. Дану умову можна трактувати, як одну з умов інвестиційної привабливості галузі охорони здоров'я.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВПЛИВУ ФУЛЛЕРЕН-ГАЛОГЕНОВОГО СВІТЛА НА ЗАПАЛЬНУ БІЛЬ У ЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ ВІД ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК СВІТЛОВОГО ПОТОКУ
Authors: Ґуляр С. О. , Тамарова З. А.
Published: August 2020

Вплив перетвореного фуллереном галогенового поляризованого світла на осередок болю або протибольову точку акупунктури викликає анальгетичний ефект. Раніше це було доведено нами у тварин на формаліновій моделі болю. В даному дослідженні приділено увагу особливостям анальгетичних реакцій тварин під впливом різних хвильових діапазонів галогенового та фуллеренового світла, виявленню внеску фуллеренового компонента в зниження запального болю залежно від спектру, щільності потужності й освітленості.

Експерименти виконано на мишах із штучно створеним осередком запального соматичного болю (формаліновий тест). Джерелом світла був апарат Bioptron-MedAll, оснащений галогенною лампою. В окремих серіях (усього 80 тварин) досліджували дію на інтенсивність больових і небольових поведінкових реакцій світла, що пройшло крізь фуллеренові фільтри (на основі CR39 або ПММА) при аплікації його на осередок болю або на точку акупунктури Е-36. Анальгетичні ефекти порівнювали з даними, отриманими під дією поліхроматичного (480+ нм і 320+ нм) світла або 3 варіантів плацебо-світла, з урахуванням фізичних параметрів фільтрів.

Встановлено, що фуллеренове світло виявилося найбільш анальгетично ефективним незалежно від виду речовини фільтрів (ПММА або CR39). При аплікації фуллеренового світла (CR39-фільтр) на осередок болю анальгезія становила 34,3 %. Виявлена також анальгетична реакція при його дії на точку акупунктури Е-36 — 32,6 %, при цьому галогенне поліхроматичне світло було слабкіше (16,2 %). Світло, що пройшло через ПММА-фуллереновий фільтр, при аплікації на осередок болю, послаблювало біль на 29,8 %. Анальгезія від застосування поліхроматичного світла 480+ нм становила 23,2 %, а 320+ нм — 14,4 %. Усі варіанти плацебо-світла були менш ефективні, хоча анальгезія також мала місце: 25,3 % (CR39 без фуллерена), 24,9 % (ПММА без фуллерена) та 27,7 % (фільтр, що створює спектр, аналогічний фуллереновому). Біологічна ефективність вивчених варіантів світла, оцінена за інтенсивністю больового синдрому, найбільш корелювала з щільністю потужності та хвильовим діапазоном світла. Фуллеренові фільтри приблизно однаково перетворюють поляризоване світло, з подібним аналгетичним результатом, однак біологічний ефект від CR39-фуллерен світла більш помітний.

Фуллеренове світло в порівнянні з галогеновим має більшу анальгетичну ефективність щодо формалін-виклика-ного болю. Цей результат досягається сорбцією фуллереном частот синьої частини спектра і депресією потужності видимого спектру в цілому.
ОСУШУВАЧ ПОВІТРЯ НА БАЗІ ЕЛЕМЕНТА ПЕЛЬТЬЄ ТА АРДУІНО
Authors: Волошин В. С. , Азархов О. Ю. , Сілі І. І.
Published: August 2020

Глобальне потепління суттєво впливає та буде надалі впливати на підвищення вологості у світі. І хоча більшість населення України ще не відчула даної проблеми суттєво, є всі передумови вважати, що в близькому майбутньому матимемо щорічне підвищення вологості в усіх містах і селах країни та обмеження доступу населення й установ до питної якісної води. Актуально проблема стане перед містами, що територіально знаходяться біля морського узбережжя, такі як наприклад м. Маріуполь. Звичайно, наявність води для споживання є надзвичайно важливою, оскільки, в свою чергу, це головне джерело життя на Землі. Незважаючи на всю виявлену воду в земній корі, лише 2,5 % води — прісна вода. З цієї найменшої частини 70 % використовується у сільському господарстві, 23 % — у галузях промисловості та 7 % — для споживання людиною. У роботі представлено розробку прототипу системи для осушення повітря, що має основну мету — зменшити вологість повітря у приміщенні, в першу чергу закладів охорони здоров'я. Інші переваги включають: акумуляцію технічної води, низьку вартість, маленький розмір, портативність. Для осушувача використовується алюмінієва пластина розміром 36 см2 і товщиною близько 0,5 мм, термоелектричний елемент Пельтьє, плата Arduino UNO, про-відники-перемички, транзистори TIP122 та резистори опором 1 кОм. У рамках первинних результатів перевірено та отримано процес конденсації водних крапель на алюмінієвій пластині, а сам процес виявився постійним і контрольованим.
ОСНОВНІ НАПРЯМИ ПРИКЛАДНОЇ КІРЛІАНОГРАФІЇ В ЕКОЛОГІЇ ТА МЕДИЦИНІ
Authors: Мінцер О. П. , Песоцкая Л. А. , Глухова Н. В.
Published: August 2020

Досліджено методи експрес-діагностики енергоінформаційного статусу будь-якого об'єкта навколишнього середовища. Показано, що ефективними є підходи, засновані на візуалізації газорозрядного світіння навколо об'єктів живої і неживої природи в полі високої напруги, відомі в світі, як ефект Кірліана. В роботі представлені результати експериментальних досліджень із використанням кірліанографії у рішенні завдань медицини, екології, педагогічного процесу.
Desafios Iberoamericanos: o patrimônio histórico-educativo em rede
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Educação
Published: September 2020

Primeiro livro da Série Patrimônio Histórico-Educativo​, este volume traz a “sedução do arquivo” ​ e a importância de discutir-se, no espaço que esta série oferece aos pesquisadores e estudiosos, a preservação do patrimônio educativo no espaço iberoamericano.
Obras brasileiras de música cênica contemporânea
Authors: Bonin Gustavo
Published: September 2020

O artigo apresenta obras de música cênica realizadas no campo da música contemporânea de concerto brasileira. Os autores costumam ressaltar a presença cênica dos concertos de música utilizando estratégias de iluminação, gestualidade, encenação etc. Com base na semiótica tensiva, proposta por Claude Zilberberg (2004; 2011), apresentaremos a música cênica como uma prática musical percebida a partir dos modos de contato estabelecidos entre as presenças musicais e as presenças cênicas, em uma configuração mais ou menos próxima. A partir dessa via, apresentaremos as peças pelos seus graus de presença cênica, ancoradas na latência cênica inerente a qualquer performance musical.
A Case of Sustained Internal Contradiction: Unresolved Ambivalence between Evolution and Creationism
Authors: Metz S. Emlen , Weisberg Deena Skolnick , Weisberg Michael
Published: August 2020

Many people feel the pull of both creationism and evolution as explanations for the origin of species, despite the direct contradiction. Some respond by endorsing theistic evolution, integrating the scientific and religious explanations by positing that God initiated or guided the process of evolution. Others, however, simultaneously endorse both evolution and creationism despite the contradiction. Here, we illustrate this puzzling phenomenon with interviews with a diverse sample. This qualitative data reveals several approaches to coping with simultaneous inconsistent explanations. For example, some people seem to manage this contradiction by separating out ideological claims, which prioritize identity expression, from fact claims, which prioritize truth. Fitting with this interpretation, ambivalent individuals tended to call explanations “beliefs” (not knowledge), avoid mention of truth or falsity, and ground one or both beliefs in identity and personal history. We conclude with a brief discussion of the affordances of this distinction.
Between Kazan and Kashghar: On the Vernacularization of Islamic Jurisprudence in Central Eurasia
Authors: Sartori Paolo
Published: August 2020

In this article, I want to suggest that what today is known as “entexting” in the Western historiography of Islamic law did not just originate from colonialism. Emphasis on a self-contained number of jurisprudential texts was in fact one of the outcomes of a profound process of transformation in the Islamic legal episteme among the Muslim communities of Central Eurasia. One of the forces behind such a transformation can be identified in what Sheldon Pollock has termed “vernacularization” – that is, a shift toward the popularization of a cosmopolitan body of scholarship through the medium of translation into local languages. The act of translation itself reflected the effort to select, domesticate, and naturalize, specific juristic texts, the contents of which were perceived as important, though equally inaccessible. Translation led to distinction and preferment. It also brought about a process of “debasement”, i.e., a movement toward the decontextualization of Islamic jurisprudential writing traditions and their reworking into original works written in the vernacular Turkic, which blended the genre of creeds with jurisprudence.
The (Inter-religious?) Rededication of an Arabic Panegyric by Judah al-Ḥarīzī
Authors: Decter Jonathan
Published: August 2020

This article studies two versions of an Arabic panegyric by the Jewish poet Judah al-Ḥarīzī, one preserved in Hebrew (Judeo-Arabic) script and the other in Arabic script in a biographical dictionary by al-Mubārak ibn Aḥmad al-Mawṣilī (1197-1256). The Judeo-Arabic version was dedicated to a Jewish physician. While the version transmitted by al-Mawṣilī does not have a named addressee, it was likely dedicated to a Muslim. By reading the two versions as iterations of the same basic text accommodated to specific circumstances, this article demonstrates the ways in which the author modulated rhetoric to fit the social positions of the respective addressees. The article studies the dynamics of inter-religious praise and the Jewish internalization of Islamic concepts of political legitimacy.
The ʿAyniyyah of Abū Dhuʾayb al-Hudhalī: The Achievement of a Classical Arabic Allegorical Form
Authors: Stetkevych Jaroslav
Published: August 2020

This paper aims to examine the renowned Early Islamic elegy, the ʿAyniyyah of the Mukhaḍram poet Abū Dhuʾayb al-Hudhalī in two respects. First, it examines the poem as an entirely unconventional example of a Classical Arabic elegiac poem (rithāʾ) in terms of its thematic structure of introductory lament to the poet’s dead sons followed by three panels: the onager, the oryx and knightly combat. It concludes that the tragic endings of all three panels constitute a dramatic inversion of the triumphal outcomes of such thematic panels in the pre-Islamic qaṣīdah in a manner that reflects al-Jāḥiẓ’s structural insights into the semantic functions of the animal panels in both elegy and qaṣīdah. Second, the paper explores the allegorical aspect of the thematic sections of the poem, the elegiac lament and the three tragic panels, in order to argue that they are a key to understanding the allegorical dimensions of such panels in the Early Arabic qaṣīdah tradition. The paper next explores Arabic critical terminology for the Western term “allegory,” such as tamthīl, umthūlah and majāz, only to conclude that none of them are adequate. Building especially on ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī’s proper understanding of majāz, the paper finally proposes a new etymologically and semantically sound neologism as an Arabic critical term for allegory: umjūzah.
Carlo Goldoni and the Construction of Authorship on the Printed Page
Authors: Braida Lodovica
Published: August 2020

The transformation of a play composed for the stage into a text printed to be read is a complex operation often mentioned by the playwrights themselves in the prefaces to the editions of their works. The printed publication could become the ‘place’ for perfecting what was performed on stage but it could also, for some authors, become a ‘place’ in which they defended their authorship through the control of the editions, even going so far, in the case of Carlo Goldoni (Venice 1707-Paris 1793), as to break the rules of the book trade. The author attempts to show how the construction of Goldoni’s authorship can be analyzed on three different levels: the expression of the author’s will; his claim for the right to publish his works himself and finally the representation of the figure of the author with the use of a different portrait for each edition.
Prospects for Pentecostal Philosophy
Authors: Simmons J. Aaron
Published: August 2020

In this essay, I offer a constructive vision for the future of pentecostal philosophy. Specifically, I first offer a series of sociocultural challenges that pentecostal philosophy faces. Then I offer a short timeline of philosophical engagement from pentecostal thinkers over the past several decades. In order to open a more productive space for pentecostal philosophy moving forward, I argue that pentecostal philosophy needs to rethink its ties to Plantinga-type confessional Christian philosophy. In this way, pentecostal philosophy should not be reducible to a kind of pentecostal theology. Drawing on Sarah Coakley’s appropriation of feminism for philosophy of religion, I suggest that pentecostal philosophy can facilitate a way of responding appropriately to two audiences (theological and philosophical) without simply circumscribing one into the other. I conclude by contending that pentecostal philosophy should be affectively engaging, argumentatively rigorous, and existentially relevant.
The Admissibility of Unlawfully Obtained Evidence before International Courts and Tribunals
Authors: Mansour Fallah Sara
Published: August 2020

70 years ago, the International Court of Justice decided its first and potentially most important case involving unlawfully obtained evidence. Despite clearly rejecting ‘discovery by intervention’, the judgment left many guessing as to the consequences for evidence obtained through such violations. As parties to international disputes have certainly not become less inclined to obtain evidence by unlawful means, the question arises: Was this old confusion ever unraveled? This article discusses whether today, there are international rules or principles governing the admissibility of unlawfully acquired evidence and applies a two-fold approach. First, it examines traditional sources of international law, including international jurisprudence, and second, it scrutinizes the frequently drawn analogy to national jurisdictions by surveying their treatment of illegally obtained evidence. Although a generally binding “inadmissibility rule” does not yet exist, practice demonstrates a tendency to consider such evidence in light of general principles of law. This article proposes handling unlawfully acquired evidence by applying a defined, yet flexible balancing test using criteria commonly applied in international and national practice.
Distinguishing Interpretation and Revision Proceedings at the International Court of Justice
Authors: Joly Hébert Jessica
Published: August 2020

There is a need − both conceptual and practical − to distinguish clearly the procedures applicable to interpretation and revision at the ICJ. To do so, the article first undertakes an analysis of the relevant provisions of the Statute – Articles 60 and 61 – and of the Rules of Court. The differences between both proceedings with regard to their introduction before the Court, the ICJ’s jurisdiction to consider them, and their different admissibility requirements will be addressed. Then, it considers issues pertaining to the relationship between an original judgment – the one to be interpreted or revised – and the judgment in interpretation or revision. The pivotal role of the principle of res judicata is taken into account. Furthermore, the piece attempts to attribute a proper characterisation to interpretation and revision proceedings, as either new cases, incidental proceedings, or a hybrid conception between those two more conventional denominations.
Taking Stock: Abuse of Process within the International Court of Justice
Authors: Tattersall Luke , Khan Azfer A.
Published: August 2020

The doctrine of abuse of process, as a subsidiary concept of the principle of abuse of rights, is well established as a general principle of law and regularly invoked by member states in argument at the International Court of Justice (ICJ). Nonetheless, the ICJ has yet to uphold an argument founded upon the abuse of process. After conducting a general survey of the development of the doctrine of abuse of process around the globe, this article argues that the ICJ should seize upon the current global trend in which international courts and tribunals have sought to utilise the abuse of process doctrine as a feature of their inherent case management powers, and more readily make use of the doctrine to ensure that the integrity of proceedings is preserved before the ICJ.
Revisiting State Socialist Approaches to International Criminal and Humanitarian Law: An Introduction
Authors: Grosescu Raluca , Richardson-Little Ned
Published: August 2020

This introductory essay provides an overview of the scholarship on state socialist engagements with international criminal and humanitarian law, arguing for a closer scrutiny of the socialist world’s role in shaping these fields of law. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, the historiography on post-1945 international law-making has been generally dominated by a post-1989 sense of Western triumphalism over socialism, where the Soviet Union and its allies have been presented as obstructionists of liberal progress. A wave of neo-Marxist scholarship has more recently sought to recover socialist legal contributions to international law, without however fully addressing them in the context of Cold War political conflict and of gross human rights violations committed within the Socialist Bloc. In contrast, this collection provides a balanced understanding of the socialist engagements with international criminal and humanitarian law, looking at the realpolitik agendas of state socialist countries while acknowledging their progressive contributions to the post-war international legal order.
From Swords to Words: the Intersection of Geopolitics and Law, and the Subtle Expansion of International Law in the Consolidation of the Independence of the Latin American Republics
Authors: Carrillo-Santarelli Nicolas , Olarte-Bácares Carolina
Published: August 2020

Looking at successive chronological stages in the development from the de facto independence of former Spanish colonies towards their first timid recognition by the United Kingdom and their later full acceptance as states by the Spanish monarchy, this article examines several factors that indicate that pragmatism, motivated by political and economic reasons, was the defining element that persuaded different European powers to grant recognition to the nascent States in a historical era in which such recognition was essential for statehood. Those Latin American Republics likewise benefited from British recognition and the later definitive recognition of Spain and other European powers, bending the limits of the law then existing with dynamics based on the principle of effectiveness coupled with certain legitimacy considerations, which have been present throughout history, including the present.
The Impasse of Human Rights: a Note on Human Rights, Natural Rights and Continuities in International Law
Authors: García-Salmones Rovira Mónica
Published: August 2020

Studies on the nature of human rights have reached an impasse largely due to a general resistance to engage with the continuity of ideas and theories drawn from religion, morality and ethics in the history of international law. With the impasse of human rights, the article refers to an epistemological deadlock about what human rights are. Studying the concept of natural rights, it is argued, offers a means of breaking this impasse and, ultimately, easing the current tension between historicism and essentialism in human rights theory. The article concludes that natural rights were means to decide the moral questions posed by the violent redistribution of (material) goods taken to be common by the theoreticians of the expanding European empires. Probing in this manner into natural rights’ early uses and embedded theories gives us new tools and fresh approaches to be employed in relation to the challenges posed by contemporary global politics.
Divide and Then Preside: the Dilemma of the First Asian President of the Permanent Court of International Justice in the Age of Empires: a Review Essay on Yanagihara Masaharu and Shinohara Hatsue Eds, Adachi Mineichirō (2017)
Authors: Akami Tomoko
Published: August 2020

Adachi Mineichirō was the first non-European and the first Asian President of the Permanent Court of International Justice (1931–1934). This review article introduces the first substantial study of Adachi, focusing on his path of ‘becoming’ one of a few leading international jurists with non-Euro-American backgrounds in his period. This review essay demonstrates that by examining this Japanese diplomat and jurist, the book, written in Japanese, contributes to the debates on the history of international law in two significant ways. First, it reveals the fundamental issues in the development of the international judicial system, namely the nature of international jurists, empires and the principle of the equality of national sovereignty, and the significance of the roles of non-Euro-American actors in shaping the system. Secondly, it demonstrates the necessity of the inter-disciplinary collaboration between international law, international history and specific regional and national history, as well as methodological challenges in evaluating the historical development of the system.
La conception des devoirs du négociateur en Nouvelle-France: Héritage métropolitain ou cas particulier?
Authors: Bairoch de Sainte-Marie Alice
Published: August 2020

Le dix-septième siècle voit l’émergence de nouveaux modes de négociation ainsi que la naissance de théories sur la diplomatie. On assiste à la parution de plusieurs ouvrages sur le sujet tels que L’ambassadeur de Jean Hotman et De la manière de négocier avec les souverains de François de Callières. C’est également l’époque où la France débute la fondation de colonies dans le Nouveau Monde et, en particulier, en Amérique du Nord. Dans cette région aussi, de nouvelles formes de négociations apparaissent lors des contacts entre les envoyés du roi de France et les tribus amérindiennes, axées sur l’échange et le dialogue, la découverte de l’autre et de sa culture.

Dans cet article, nous allons chercher à savoir si les autorités coloniales s’inspirent des principes de diplomatie européenne lors de la négociation de traités avec les Amérindiens. Pour ce faire, nous nous pencherons sur les deux ouvrages susmentionnés, sur la correspondance entre le ministre de la marine et les colonies françaises ainsi que sur les écrits d’auteurs, voyageurs et explorateurs des dix-septième et dix-huitième siècles.
Peace Talks and Valid Spokespersons: Explaining the Onset of Negotiations in Southern Thailand
Authors: Engvall Anders , Svensson Isak
Published: August 2020

There have been several attempts to find negotiated solutions to the armed conflicts in Southern Thailand. Yet, these attempts of accommodation and mediated peace negotiations were aborted without any concrete results, with the exception of a formal peace process being officially launched in 2013. What explains the readiness of the parties to the conflict to enter negotiations at this stage, but not at earlier attempts? We argue that the political context can help to explain why some negotiation attempts result in negotiations, whereas others do not. We analyze the factors behind the readiness of the two sides – the Thai state and the Patani separatist insurgency – to sit down for official peace negotiations, focusing on the presence of valid spokespersons, which is an understudied element of ‘ripeness’. This case demonstrates that the problem of finding valid spokespersons may be an obstacle for peace processes especially in religiously defined conflicts.
Science Diplomacy and Soviet-American Academic and Technical Exchanges
Authors: Krasnyak Olga
Published: August 2020

The 1958 Lacy-Zarubin agreement on cultural, educational and scientific exchanges marked decades of people-to-people exchanges between the United States and the Soviet Union. Despite the Cold War tensions and mutually propagated adversarial images, the exchanges had never been interrupted and remained unbroken until the Soviet Union dissolved. This essay argues that due to the 1958 general agreement and a number of co-operative agreements that had the status of treaties and international acts issued under the authority of the US State Department and the Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the exchanges could not proceed without diplomatic supervision. This peculiarity puts academic and technical exchanges specifically into the framework of science diplomacy, which is considered a diplomatic tool for implementing a nation state’s foreign policy goals determined by political power.
Adapting Economic Diplomacy to the E-commerce Era
Authors: Zemanová Štěpánka
Published: August 2020

During the past decade, the ongoing progress of digitalisation has triggered so rapid a spread of cross-border e-commerce that it has required the responses of governments in their domestic and foreign policies. This article focuses on the related developments in economic diplomacy, almost neglected in the existing research. It attempts to highlight a growing need for state engagement and to trace the related shifts in the activities of governments and diplomatic representations. Drawing on the concepts of the economic diplomacy cycle and the economic diplomacy process, the newly emerging practices of countries leading in e-commerce and digitalisation are analysed. The analysis shows that the concurrence of rapid globalisation and slow international regulation has been creating favourable conditions for the upswing in e-commerce-related diplomacies. A new complex branch of economic diplomacy has been emerging, based on the adaptation of traditional economic diplomacy patterns but bringing also far-reaching change and innovation.
Reflections on the Past, Present, and Future of IUU Fishing under International Law
Authors: Oral Nilufer
Published: August 2020

The present brief contribution reflects on the evolution of IUU fishing, its current status, and possible future pathways to prevent, deter, and eliminate this practice. IUU fishing not only presents a question of management and conservation, but also entails serious human rights and transnational crime components. From these perspectives, this paper concludes that IUU fishing must be addressed through a multi-regime and multi-institutional process requiring the involvement of many stakeholders, including non-State actors. In particular, the effective settlement of IUU fishing disputes requires enhancing the role of international courts and tribunals as part of this process.
Why Are Some Flag States Unable or Unwilling to Address IUU Fishing?
Authors: de Coning Eve
Published: August 2020

This article is based on an analysis carried out by a group of experts from the North Atlantic Fisheries Intelligence Group into the flagging pattern of IUU fishing vessels. The article argues that the inability and unwillingness of some flag states to exercise due diligence to ensure that vessels on their register do not engage in IUU fishing may be explained by reference to the market demand and supply of ship registers that provide shipowners with favourable conditions to limit costs and mitigate risks. Some of these ship registers are established and managed by foreign private companies on commercial outsourcing contracts on behalf of economically vulnerable governments, and some of these governments may as a result lack the knowledge, expertise and resources to effectively address IUU fishing of vessels flying their flag.
Independent, Compulsory, and Centralized Verification of States’ Obligations in Fisheries: Can the IMO Audit Scheme for Shipping Law Be Used as an Example to Follow?
Authors: Guggisberg Solène
Published: August 2020

Marine fisheries are in crisis. One of the causes of this problem is the inability or unwillingness of some states to abide by the international rules binding them. No comprehensive and compulsory mechanism exists to review states’ compliance with these obligations. This is in stark contrast with the shipping field, where International Maritime Organization (IMO) member states are regularly audited: the respect of their obligations as flag, coastal, and port states is assessed by external and professional auditors through a detailed procedure. Transposing at least some features of the IMO Audit Scheme, such as comprehensiveness, regularity, predictability, and centralization to the review of compliance with fisheries-related obligations would be highly desirable. While there may be challenges ahead – in particular when it comes to a mandatory scheme – there does not appear to be insurmountable issues to developing a comprehensive audit in the fisheries field.
“Neither Eastern nor Western, Iranian”: How the Quest for Self-Sufficiency Helped Shape Iran’s Modern Nationalism
Authors: Matthee Rudi
Published: August 2020

This essay identifies an historically-enduring Iranian insistence on self-sufficiency—which can be summed up, in a superordinate manner, as the idea that the world needs Iran more than Iran needs the world. Economically, this insistence is reflected in a (rhetorical) quest for self-reliance in production; politically, it tends to be articulated in an instinctive anti-(neo)colonial, often defiant stance vis-à-vis the world; and culturally, it is often expressed as a claim to civilizational grandeur, indeed uniqueness. The origins of this conceit have to be sought in antecedents combining economic perceptions with cultural assumptions that long precede Western imperialism and modern nationalism. These, in turn, are grounded in patterns of thought that reflect specific pre-modern physical and geopolitical conditions which go back to pre-Islamic notions of paradisiacal abundance as much as to economic realities encapsulated by Aristotle’s idea(l) of the self-sufficient household. I also argue that the notion evolved over time even as it retained its moral core. What was an instinctive dismissal of the outside world as dispensable, after 1800 became a self-conscious stance against foreign encroachment, real or imagined. In the course of the twentieth century, a quest for material autarky coupled with an insistence on cultural exceptionalism became an integral part of modern Iranian nationalism.
Samuel Beckett’s Translations of Latin American Poets for UNESCO
Authors: Carrera María José
Published: August 2020

Samuel Beckett’s self-avowed slight acquaintance with the Spanish language did not prevent him from tackling the translation of a poem by the Chilean Gabriela Mistral, as well as a whole anthology of Mexican poetry. Little attention has been paid to this sideline in Beckett’s career. This paper contextualizes Beckett’s involvement in these two UNESCO projects and shows, with recourse to his translation manuscripts, the intensity of the author’s work despite his distaste for these commissions.
“A thing I carry about with me”
Authors: Verhulst Pim
Published: August 2020

This article discusses Sisyphus as a recurrent (philosophical) image in Samuel Beckett’s work. Starting from his prewar reading notes, it moves on to the 1940s and the radio play All That Fall (1956), which is studied in light of Albert Camus’s essays Le Mythe de Sisyphe (1942) and L’ Homme révolté (1951). By focussing on how the radio play deals with the absurd, revolt, suicide and murder, the article reads All That Fall as one of Beckett’s most critical but overlooked engagements with Camus, merging classical and modern versions of the character Sisyphus.
Writing and Staging Play
Authors: Beloborodova Olga
Published: August 2020

The archival turn in Beckett studies has revealed a wealth of material that, despite being discarded or reworked, remains a valuable source of information on Beckett’s modus operandi as a writer. This article examines the genesis of Play from the postcognitive angle of extended cognition, and demonstrates how the author’s mind, contrary to the generally accepted Cartesian internal-external opposition, extends beyond the boundaries of skin and skull and forms a hybrid cognitive system with the emerging text in the drafts. Influenced by a number of other external factors, including the play’s first performances, Play was shaped by an intense and continuous interaction between several environmental elements and can serve therefore as an example of extended cognition in creative writing.
A New Temporality of Religion
Authors: Škof Lenart
Published: August 2020

In his insightful essay »Prophetic Religion and the Future of Capitalist Civilization« Cornel West fervently addressed a question of our abilities to imagine a more empathetic, more compassionate, and also more hospitable world, in which we could foresee, or perhaps already lay ground for a future community where the word religion would simply mean that we live our lives in the consciousness of our finitude and thus in an existential and cognitive humility. This kind of religion (not far from Dewey’s or Rorty’s ideals) would enable us to see beyond the margins of any narrow-minded religious ideology or any violent incarnation of religion.

Based on these initial thoughts, we first wish to discuss two basic concepts of contemporary political theology – community and vulnerability. We shall argue that we need to offer in contemporary political theology a basic ethico-democratic response, infused with our imaginative capacity for remembrance (Benjamin, Metz) and future hope (West, Dewey, Unger). We will argue with Unger (The Religion of the Future) that we need to live through accepting an enhanced vulnerability, being shared in our democratic (and) religious communities. From this view any loss of human life and its potentials is a sign of a grave injustice, and a catastrophe from an ethical point of view.

Finally, we will propose the so called reverse thesis on religion – namely that today, perhaps, we should first look at religion in its radicalized ethico-political form which only later enables us to think about its various variations and incarnations within different traditions and cultures. We will argue that it is within this newly acquired temporality of religion and its inherent ontologico-political paradox, that it is possible to imagine a future place where recurrent hope for a life is reborn and nurtured within future pluralistic / inclusivistic / democratic / post-Christian communities, based on compassion and shared vulnerability, and not any more on power, or any other form of violence.
From Knowability to Conjecturability
Authors: Chiffi Daniele , Pietarinen Ahti-Veikko
Published: August 2020

Arguments from knowability have largely been concerned with cases for and against realism, or truth as an epistemic vs. non-epistemic concept. This article proposes bringing Peirce’s pragmaticism, called here ‘action-first’ epistemology, to bear on the issue. It is shown that a notion weaker than knowability, namely conjecturability, is epistemologically a better-suited notion to describe an essential component of scientific inquiry. Moreover, unlike knowability, conjecturability does not suffer from paradoxes. Given fundamental uncertainty that permeates inquiry, knowability and what Peirce took to be ‘perfect knowledge’ lose their appeal in epistemology of science. From the points of view of the logic for pragmatics and the modal translations given in this article, conjecturability and pragmaticism provide an enriched epistemology for scientific practices that can accommodate both epistemic and non-epistemic values.
Pragmatism for History and History for Pragmatism
Authors: Binder Marnie
Published: August 2020

A pragmatist philosopher of history asks what practical difference it makes for this or that historical “fact” to be taken as “useful and meaningful,” and then consider that the principal motivation behind what is recorded, what continues to circulate, and to what extent, in the annals of historical texts. Part of the methodology of pragmatism is derived from history, since usefulness is attested over time. History and historiography are shaped, in part, by pragmatic interests. This discussion is indispensable for the era of digital humanities that is upon us, with all the new materials and interpretations that are to come as a result.
Relevance, effects and affect
Authors: de Saussure Louis , Wharton Tim
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we argue that the successful integration of expressive acts of communication into an inferential theory of pragmatics faces a major challenge. Most post-Gricean pragmatic theories have worked to develop accounts of the interpretive processes at work in the communication of propositions; the challenge, therefore, is how expressive acts be integrated when their content is, as it appears to be, non-propositional. Following previous research (Wharton, 2009), we link the affective effects produced as a result of such acts to descriptive ineffability and procedurality, and argue that they activate experiential heuristics through which they find relevance. Our approach stands at least partially within the development of recent approaches to emotion as evaluative devices (appraisal theory) and we suggest that certain cognitive effects arise in communication thanks to affective effects, which then act as attention attractors and boosters for optimally relevant cognitive effects. We show that, sometimes, affect can win out over the non-affective side of cognition and also that at least some poetic artefacts may activate ‘pure affective effects’, which can be relevant in their own right, i.e. relevant without cognitive effects.
Biblical Hebrew segholates
Authors: Yeverechyahu Hadas , Bat-El Outi
Published: August 2020

Most studies agree that the input (i.e. the base) of a segholate paradigm in Biblical Hebrew is prosodically CVCC. However, such an input leads to an analysis that does not comply with universal typology of vowel strength, an analysis where vowel alternation not only affects a strong (stressed) position but also triggered by a (weak) epenthetic vowel. In this paper, we provide an alternative analysis, which postulates the surface singular form as the input of the paradigm and eliminates the unnatural nature of the morphophonology of segholates.
Parenthesis in Biblical Hebrew as noncoordinative nonsubordination
Authors: Holmstedt Robert D.
Published: August 2020

Though little attention has been given to parenthesis in BH grammatical studies, various modern language translations make it clear that scholars and translators perceive a great many parenthetical constructions in the Hebrew Bible. Such parentheses are distinguished by modern punctuation conventions, often with curved brackets or commas and sometimes with dashes. And yet, it is often difficult to discern what principle(s) ties together clauses or phrases set off as parenthetical. This essay will situate BH parenthesis within the context of the linguistic study on parenthesis, parentheticals, and the features of nonsubordination versus coordination. The result is the identification an initial set of criteria for distinguishing examples in the text of the Hebrew Bible.
Abishai, Daniel and Hezekiah
Authors: Schoenfeld Aviv
Published: August 2020

This paper analyzes Biblical Hebrew personal names like ʔăḇīšay ‘Abishai’ and dɔ̄niyyēl ‘Daniel’, names that are made of two primary elements that are related to meaningful elements from outside the domain of personal names. I argue that these names are best analyzed as a case of lexical secreted affixation, such that their recurring element is a derivational affix for deriving personal names. Furthermore, I argue that the medial vowel, occurring in the middle of ʔăḇīšay and dɔ̄niyyēl, is an underlying part of the affixes, such that they are /ʔabi-/ and /-iʔel/. An Optimality-theoretic account is given for the allomorphy of the Yahwistic suffix and variable occurrence of the medial vowel. Lastly, I argue that these affixes diachronically originate from blend and clitic group names that were morphologically reanalyzed to include an affix.
The International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG)
Authors: Zamudio González Laura
Published: August 2020

A number of the studies on international intergovernmental organizations (IO s) rule out that they are autonomous or capable of self-directing their processes of change. The case of the International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG) makes it possible to see precisely to what degree an IO is autonomous. Through documentary analysis and interviews with the leadership of CICIG, this article shows that the organization adjusted and reinterpreted its mandate as a result of a process of internal and autonomous decisions. This evidence contributes to the debate about the IO s as self-directed actors.
The Clean Hands Doctrine as a General Principle of International Law
Authors: Dumberry Patrick
Published: August 2020

The question of the scope and application of the doctrine of clean hands by investment tribunals is controversial. This article examines how scholars, international courts and tribunals and investment tribunals have analysed the concept. I will show that while the doctrine has rarely been used by international tribunals, they have nonetheless recognised and applied the clean hands doctrine in several awards. I will critically assess the reasoning of the Yukos award and, most importantly, the recent South American Silver Limited award, which have both held that the clean hands doctrine is not a general principle of law. I will argue, like many writers, that the doctrine should be considered as a general principle of international law. The article examines this concept and describes how such principles emerge on the international plane in a manner different from general principles grounded in the domestic laws of States.
Amicable Settlements in Investor-State Disputes: Empirical Analysis of Patterns and Perceived Problems
Authors: Ubilava Ana
Published: August 2020

This article empirically analyses investor-State arbitration cases that settle amicably after the arbitration has commenced but before the final award is rendered. The study investigates whether, and to what extent, some common criticisms of amicable settlements are evident in practice. It examines four questions that correspond to the major critiques of amicable settlements in investor-State dispute resolution: (1) Are certain types of investor-State disputes unsuitable to be settled amicably? (2) Do amicable settlements impede transparency? (3) Do amicable settlements pay less compared to when investors win? (4) Is the non-enforceability of settlement agreements a problem in practice? The findings suggest that in practice, not all of these purported problematic aspects of dispute resolution mechanisms that result in amicable settlements are as evident as is commonly believed.
Is an Atheist Religion in Austria Legally Possible?
Authors: Apfalter Wilfried
Published: September 2020

In the face of widespread opinion holding that atheism is somehow necessarily separated from religion and opposed to it, the question “Is an atheist religion in Austria legally possible?” is both intriguing and challenging, leading to the cutting edge of contemporary studies on law, religion, and state. By providing a close, focused view on the legal framework concerning an example case in the Republic of Austria, the present article revisits this widespread opinion. It argues that this opinion can be challenged from a legal point of view in at least one concrete case, namely that of a growing group of atheists who try to establish an officially accepted, state-registered religious denominational community of atheists: Atheistische Religionsgesellschaft in Österreich (Atheist Religious Society in Austria), or arg for short. The article discusses this case and concludes that an atheist religion is legally possible in Austria.
Clément Perret’s Exercitatio alphabetica (1569)
Authors: Weissert Caecilie
Published: August 2020

The Exercitatio alphabetica, published in Antwerp in 1569, was unique in form and content because the whole book was packed with richness and variation. The article shows how this book brings together three different domains: the demands of calligraphic textbooks, the ideals of a virtuoso artist (the writing master, inventor of ornaments and reproduction artist), and the creative principles of the art of eloquence as formulated by Erasmus of Rotterdam in his textbook De copia. The ideals set out here were meant to act as guiding principles for the visual artists whose work the book displayed and for the authors who were responsible for text selection and additions, as well as for users of the book itself. This art book also showed the latter how difficult and complicated but also how beautiful the art of calligraphy could be, and provided readers the opportunity to practice through observation, reading, and imitation.