bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population Disequilibrium as Promoter of Adaptive Explorations in Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: García-Crespo Carlos , Gallego Isabel , Soria María Eugenia , de Ávila Ana Isabel , Martínez-González Brenda , Vázquez-Sirvent Lucía , Lobo-Vega Rebeca , Moreno Elena , Gómez Jordi , Briones Carlos , Gregori Josep , Quer Josep , Domingo Esteban , Perales Celia
Published: April 2021

Replication of RNA viruses is characterized by exploration of sequence space which facilitates their adaptation to changing environments. It is generally accepted that such exploration takes place mainly in response to positive selection, and that further diversification is boosted by modifications of virus population size, particularly bottleneck events. Our recent results with hepatitis C virus (HCV) have shown that the expansion in sequence space of a viral clone continues despite prolonged replication in a stable cell culture environment. Diagnosis of the expansion was based on the quantification of diversity indices, the occurrence of intra-population mutational waves (variations in mutant frequencies), and greater individual residue variations in mutant spectra than those anticipated from sequence alignments in data banks. In the present report, we review our previous results, and show additionally that mutational waves in amplicons from the NS5A-NS5B-coding region are equally prominent during HCV passage in the absence or presence of the mutagenic nucleotide analogues favipiravir or ribavirin. In addition, by extending our previous analysis to amplicons of the NS3- and NS5A-coding region, we provide further evidence of the incongruence between amino acid conservation scores in mutant spectra from infected patients and in the Los Alamos National Laboratory HCV data banks. We hypothesize that these observations have as a common origin a permanent state of HCV population disequilibrium even upon extensive viral replication in the absence of external selective constraints or changes in population size. Such a persistent disequilibrium—revealed by the changing composition of the mutant spectrum—may facilitate finding alternative mutational pathways for HCV antiviral resistance. The possible significance of our model for other genetically variable viruses is discussed.
Degradation-Independent Inhibition of APOBEC3G by the HIV-1 Vif Protein
Authors: Stupfler Benjamin , Verriez Cédric , Gallois-Montbrun Sarah , Marquet Roland , Paillart Jean-Christophe
Published: April 2021

The ubiquitin–proteasome system plays an important role in the cell under normal physiological conditions but also during viral infections. Indeed, many auxiliary proteins from the (HIV-1) divert this system to its own advantage, notably to induce the degradation of cellular restriction factors. For instance, the HIV-1 viral infectivity factor (Vif) has been shown to specifically counteract several cellular deaminases belonging to the apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC3 or A3) family (A3A to A3H) by recruiting an E3-ubiquitin ligase complex and inducing their polyubiquitination and degradation through the proteasome. Although this pathway has been extensively characterized so far, Vif has also been shown to impede A3s through degradation-independent processes, but research on this matter remains limited. In this review, we describe our current knowledge regarding the degradation-independent inhibition of A3s, and A3G in particular, by the HIV-1 Vif protein, the molecular mechanisms involved, and highlight important properties of this small viral protein.
A pre- and during Pandemic Survey of Sars-Cov-2 Infection in Stray Colony and Shelter Cats from a High Endemic Area of Northern Italy
Authors: Spada Eva , Vitale Fabrizio , Bruno Federica , Castelli Germano , Reale Stefano , Perego Roberta , Baggiani Luciana , Proverbio Daniela
Published: April 2021

Cats are susceptible to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Whilst a number of studies have been performed worldwide on owned cats, limited data are available on stray, colony or shelter cats. We investigated SARS-CoV-2 infection in a stray cat population before and during human outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 in cities in the Lombardy region in northern Italy, a high endemic region for SARS-CoV-2, using serological and molecular methods. A cohort of different samples were collected from 241 cats, including frozen archived serum samples from 136 cats collected before the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and serum, pharyngeal and rectal swab samples from 105 cats collected during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. All pre-pandemic samples tested seronegative for antibodies against the nucleocapsid of SARS-CoV-2 using indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, while one serum sample collected during the pandemic was seropositive. No serological cross-reactivity was detected between SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and antibodies against feline enteric (FECV) and infectious peritonitis coronavirus (FIPC), Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV), Feline Calicivirus (FCV), Feline Herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1), Feline Parvovirus (FPV), Leishmania infantum, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Rickettsia spp., Toxoplasma gondii or Chlamydophila felis. No pharyngeal or rectal swab tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA on real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Our data show that SARS-CoV-2 did infect stray cats in Lombardy during the COVID-19 pandemic, but with lower prevalence than found in owned cats. This should alleviate public concerns about stray cats acting as SARS-CoV-2 carriers.
Comparing Potential Drug–Drug Interactions in Companion Animal Medications Using Two Electronic Databases
Authors: Boonyarattanasoonthorn Tussapon , Khemawoot Phisit , Kijtawornrat Anusak
Published: April 2021

Multiple-drug prescriptions can cause drug–drug interactions (DDIs), which increase risks associated with healthcare in veterinary medicine. Moreover, many human medicines are used in canine patients under the responsibility of veterinarians and may cause severe problems due to off-label use. Currently, many electronic databases are being used as tools for potential DDI prediction, for example, Micromedex and Drugs.com, which may benefit the prediction of potential DDIs for drugs used in canine. The purpose of this study was to examine different abilities for the identification of potential DDIs in companion animal medicine, especially in canine patients, by Micromedex and Drugs.com. Micromedex showed 429 pairs of potential DDIs, while Drugs.com showed 842 pairs of potential DDIs. The analysis comparing results between the two databases showed 139 pairs (12.28%) with the same severity and 993 pairs (87.72%) with different severities. The major mechanisms of contraindicated and major potential DDIs were cytochrome P450 induction–inhibition and QT interval prolongation. Veterinarians should interpret potential DDIs from several databases with caution and keep in mind that the results might not be reliable due to differences in sensitivity to drugs, drug-metabolizing enzymes, and elimination pathway between animals and humans.
Quantifying the Effects of Residential Infill Redevelopment on Urban Stormwater Quality in Denver, Colorado
Authors: Gustafson Kyle R. , Garcia-Chevesich Pablo A. , Slinski Kimberly M. , Sharp Jonathan O. , McCray John E.
Published: April 2021

Stormwater quality in three urban watersheds in Denver that have been undergoing rapid infill redevelopment for about a decade was evaluated. Sampling was conducted over 18 months, considering 15 storms. Results: (1) The first-flush effect was observed for nutrients and total suspended solids (TSS) but not for total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity, pH, and fecal indicator bacteria; (2) though no significant differences on event mean concentration (EMC) values were found among the three basins, local-scale EMCs were higher than traditional city-wide standards, particularly some metals and nutrients, most likely because of the significantly higher imperviousness of the studied urban basins compared to city averages; (3) peak rainfall intensity and total rainfall depth showed significant but weak correlations with some nutrients and metals, and TDS; (4) antecedent dry period were not correlated with water quality, except for phosphorus and lead; (5) contrary to what was expected, total coliforms and Escherichia coli were not correlated with TSS; and (6) no significant correlations between water quality and land-use or zoning categories were found. It was concluded that locally focused stormwater monitoring can aid data-driven decision-making by city planners where redevelopment is occurring at local “neighborhood scales”, particularly for the implementation and management related to green infrastructure and water-quality regulations.
Tracking the Causes of a Mass Fish Kill at a Mediterranean River within a Protected Area
Authors: Petriki Olga , Patsia Athina , Vafeiadou Anthoula , Tekidis Ilias , Michalopoulou Panagiota , Samartzi Stella , Mallinis Dimitrios , Bobori Dimitra
Published: April 2021

In this study, an extreme event observed at the intermittent Mediterranean Bogdanas River within the territory of the protected area of the National Park of Lakes Koronia-Volvi and Macedonian Temp that led to a mass fish kill was investigated. We aimed to define the main pressures affecting water quality and biota, specifically fish. No organic poisons, pesticides or heavy metal concentrations were detected in fish tissue, while high values of BOD5, COD, TN and conductivity were measured in water samples. These results, combined with the prevailing hydroclimatic factors (high temperatures and low water flow), lead to the assumption that mass fish mortality was triggered by high organic loads discharged from an upstream point source of pollution, and in particular an active landfill.
Thermal Characteristics of a Beaver Dam Analogues Equipped Spring-Fed Creek in the Canadian Rockies
Authors: Munir Tariq , Westbrook Cherie
Published: April 2021

Beaver dam analogues (BDAs) are becoming an increasingly popular stream restoration technique. One ecological function BDAs might help restore is suitable habitat conditions for fish in streams where loss of beaver dams and channel incision has led to their decline. A critical physical characteristic for fish is stream temperature. We examined the thermal regime of a spring-fed Canadian Rocky Mountain stream in relation to different numbers of BDAs installed in series over three study periods (April–October; 2017–2019). While all BDA configurations significantly influenced stream and pond temperatures, single- and double-configuration BDAs incrementally increased stream temperatures. Single and double configuration BDAs warmed the downstream waters of mean maxima of 9.9, 9.3 °C by respective mean maxima of 0.9 and 1.0 °C. Higher pond and stream temperatures occurred when ponding and discharge decreased, and vice versa. In 2019, variation in stream temperature below double-configuration BDAs was lower than the single-configuration BDA. The triple-configuration BDA, in contrast, cooled the stream, although the mean maximum stream temperature was the highest below these structures. Ponding upstream of BDAs increased discharge and resulted in cooling of the stream. Rainfall events sharply and transiently reduced stream temperatures, leading to a three-way interaction between BDA configuration, rainfall and stream discharge as factors co-influencing the stream temperature regime. Our results have implications for optimal growth of regionally important and threatened bull and cutthroat trout fish species.
Comparative Study on Hybrid Excitation Flux Switching Motors without and with Variably Magnetizable Permanent Magnets for Electrified Vehicle Propulsion
Authors: Okada Takeshi , Kosaka Takashi , Matsumori Hiroaki , Matsui Nobuyuki
Published: April 2021

A demand for high efficiency traction motors has been accelerated by the promotion of electrified vehicles, such as battery and fuel cell electric vehicles. As a part of development of the high efficiency traction motor, this paper reports a comparative study on two kinds of hybrid excitation flux switching motors (HEFSM) as a variable flux machine. One is the conventional HEFSM, which consists of a stator with constantly magnetized-permanent magnets, field excitation coils (FECs) and three-phase armature windings, and a rotor with salient poles like a switched reluctance motor. The other is a HEFSM employing variably magnetizable-permanent magnets (VM-PMs) that replace a part in the FEC slot area in the conventional one. Based on the variable magnetization nature of VM-PMs, the latter HEFSM promises that the replacement of magnetomotive force (mmf) of FECs with that of the VM-PMs makes the motor efficiency better at both low- and high-speed under the low-torque condition, that is, at both urban driving or highway cruising. To verify that, finite element analysis- (FEA)-based design simulations, as well as experimental performance evaluations for the two kinds of HEFSM, were conducted under reasonable dimensional and electrical constraints. As a result, it is shown that the latter HEFSM can achieve higher motor efficiency at the low-torque and high-speed region while keeping the motor efficiency at the low-torque and low-speed region.
Room-Temperature Phosphorescent Organic-Doped Inorganic Frameworks Showing Wide-Range and Multicolor Long-Persistent Luminescence
Authors: Xiao Guowei , Zhou Bo , Fang Xiaoyu , Yan Dongpeng
Published: April 2021

Long-persistent luminescence based on purely inorganic and/or organic compounds has recently attracted much attention in a wide variety of fields including illumination, biological imaging, and information safety. However, simultaneously tuning the static and dynamic afterglow performance still presents a challenge. In this work, we put forward a new route of organic-doped inorganic framework to achieve wide-range and multicolor ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP). Through a facile hydrothermal method, phosphor (tetrafluoroterephthalic acid (TFTPA)) into the CdCO
3
(or Zn
2
(OH)
2
CO
3
) host matrix exhibits an excitation-dependent colorful RTP due to the formation of diverse molecular aggregations with multicentral luminescence. The RTP lifetime of the doped organic/inorganic hybrids is greatly enhanced (313 times) compared to the pristine TFTPA. The high RTP quantum yield (43.9%) and good stability guarantee their easy visualization in both ambient and extreme conditions (such as acidic/basic solutions and an oxygen environment). Further codoped inorganic ions (Mn
2+
and Pb
2+
) afford the hybrid materials with a novel time-resolved tunable afterglow emission, and the excitation-dependent RTP color is highly adjustable from dark blue to red, covering nearly the whole visible spectrum and outperforming the current state-of-the-art RTP materials. Therefore, this work not only describes a combined codoping and multicentral strategy to obtain statically and dynamically tunable long-persistent luminescence but also provides great opportunity for the use of organic-inorganic hybrid materials in multilevel anticounterfeiting and multicolor display applications.
БОЙОВЕ МИСТЕЦТВО ЯК ЗАСІБ ДУХОВНОГО І ФІЗИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ МОЛОДІ
Authors: Рибалко Л. С. , Іванов Д. С.
Published: April 2021

Концепція Нової української школи (2016) наголошує на тому, що кожна дитина цілком неповторна й індивідуальна, унікальна від природи й талановита. А отже місія Нової української школи полягає в тому, щоб
організовувати допомогу школярам, розкривати й розвивати їхні здібності й таланти на основі партнерства
між педагогами, батьками й учнями.
Не дивлячись на оптимістичне декларування основних ідей освітньої політики, реальний стан здоров’я
дітей як майбутнього української нації є помітно незадовільним. У щорічній доповіді про стан здоров’я населення, санітарно-епідемічну ситуацію та результати діяльності системи охорони здоров’я України (2016)
увага акцентована на тому, що реформування освіти в Україні без урахування стану здоров’я школярів вплинуло на їхню захворюваність. Негативно вплинули такі чинники: інформаційне перевантаження, стресогенні
ситуації, обмеження фізичної активності (школярі постійно сидять за комп’ютером, їх цікавлять лише розважальні ігри), пасивна позиція дітей та сім’ї щодо власного здоров’я. У школярів реєструється найвища
поширеність хвороб і накопичується хронічна патологія через незадовільну пристосованість до фізичних
навантажень при недостатній тренованості й низькому рівні функціонального резерву серця.
РОЗВИТОК ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЇ КОМУНІКАЦІЇ В УЧНІВСЬКОЇ
ТА СТУДЕНТСЬКОЇ МОЛОДІ ХХІ СТОЛІТТЯ
Authors: Майнаєв Ф. Я. , Майнаєва О. І.
Published: April 2021

Успішність випускника закладу загальної середньої освіти (ЗЗСО), закладу вищої освіти (ЗВО) залежить
від його здатності до комунікації. «Заберіть у мене все, чим я володію, але залиште мені мою мову, і скоро
я знайду все, що мав», — цей афоризм Даніеля Уебстера, американського політика ХІХ століття, не втратив
своєї актуальності в нашому цифровому ХХІ столітті.
Стрімкий розвиток інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій (ІКТ), розширив способи й засоби комунікації.
Публічні особи й пересічні громадяни для доведення власної думки вдаються до відеобатлів, поширюють меми
в мережі Інтернет, висловлюють свою позицію стосовно події (культурної, політичної, соціальної) через малюнок,
фото, плакат на сторінці у Facebook, Instagram чи Twitter. Будь-яка інтернет-публікація (відео, текст, графіка) може
спричинити спонтанну дискусію, учасники якої нерідко Argumentum ad Hominem (спростовують аргумент, посилаючись на характер, мотив віртуального співрозмовника), із метою отримання перемоги над опонентом намагаються принизити його, уживають образливі вирази, ненормативну лексику. На жаль, у реальному житті ми також
можемо стати свідками невдалого завершення комунікації (взаємообрази, бійки). Про це повідомляють заголовки
газет і журналів, телевізійні новини, інтернет-публікації. Тому формування, а відтак розвиток інтелектуальної
комунікації є одним із нагальних питань, яке має вирішувати освітянська спільнота. Розв’язанню цього важливого
завдання можуть сприяти суспільно-гуманітарні науки, що мають потужний розвивальний і виховний потенціал.
Роль суспільних і гуманітарних наук у становленні особистості, формуванні й розвитку в неї важливих
життєвих компетенцій розглядали такі зарубіжні науковці, як: Н. Анстед, Е. Гібсон, М. Епштейн, К. Райфф,
С. Стюарт, Е. Уотсон, Н. Фрай, С. Фуллер, Е. Хазелкорн, Дж. Харфем
ДУХОВНО-МОРАЛЬНІ КОНСТАНТИ У КОНТЕКСТІ СПІЛКУВАННЯ
СТУДЕНТІВ У СОЦІАЛЬНИХ МЕРЕЖАХ
Authors: Ворожбіт-Горбатюк В. В.
Published: April 2021

«Доля цілих народів найбільш залежить від виховання молодих людей. Діти згодом складуть суспільство
і будуть його членами. Вони створюють його добробут, якщо з юнацьких років наповнені доброчесністю
і любов’ю до Вітчизни; руйнують суспільний порядок і тишу, якщо отруєні духовною розпустою. Якою
б славною і могутньою не видавалася держава, але якщо її утвердженню не служить добре виховання, то загине вона і блиск її слави зникне», — писав А. Прокопович-Антонський на межі XVIII — XIX століть [1]. Ці
слова не втратили актуального звучання і в наш час.
Соціальна мережа — це віртуальне об’єднання людей для обміну певною інформацією. Аналіз впливу
соціальних мереж на якість життя людини здійснюється на багатьох рівнях різними академічними галузями.
Сьогодення свідчить про те, що соціальні мережі частіше стають епіцентром для розв’язання різних соціальних проблем, висвітлюють роботу організацій, показують як досягають успіху на шляху до власних цілей
окремі особистості. Віртуальне спілкування і взаємодія в соціальних мережах, так популярне серед студентства,
привело до того, що найважливіші події життя відтепер публікують спочатку на веб-сторінці. Як наслідок —
психічне, духовне здоров’я молоді тепер певною мірою залежне і від віртуального оточення. Варто зазначити,
що в огляді BBC Future представлено як соціальні медіа, насамперед, Facebook, Twitter та Instagram впливають
на наше психічне самопочуття, душевну рівновагу людини загалом. Авторами встановлено, що на період
2016 року понад три мільярди людей у світі, тобто понад 40 % населення, стали користувачами соціальних
мереж в інтернеті. Людина витрачає на них в середньому дві години щодня: публікує дописи, обмінюється
фото, реагує на пости друзів. Щомиті користувачі соцмереж відправляють майже півмільйона твітів та фотографій у Snapchat [2]. Опитування студентів юридичного факультету ХНПУ імені Г. С. Сковороди, бакалаврат
(2 рік навчання), магістри (1 рік навчання) засвідчив про те, що лише 0,1 % має одну сторінку у соціальних
мережах. Абсолютна більшість студентської молоді проявляє активність, маючи від 2 до 7 сторінок у соціальних мережах
ПРАКТИЧНА ЗНАЧУЩІСТЬ ЦИФРОВИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ДЛЯ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОГО
РОЗВИТКУ МАЙБУТНІХ ЛІКАРІВ-СТОМАТОЛОГІВ
Authors: Славінська Ю. С.
Published: April 2021

Сьогоденні цифрові технології стали базою для створення нових продуктів, цінностей, властивостей та,
відповідно, основою отримання конкурентних переваг на освітньому ринку. Відбувається «цифровий перехід»
від свого роду «аналогових» систем і процесів індустріальної економіки та інформаційного суспільства до
«цифрової» економіки та «цифрового» суспільства. Рушійною силою цифрової економіки є людський капітал — тобто знання, таланти, навички, вміння, досвід, інтелект людей.
З метοю інтеграції у світοві прοцеси у 2016 рοці Кабінет Μіністрів України презентував прοект «Цифрοвий
пοрядοк денний України до 2020 року» («Digital Agenda for Ukraine 2020»), а 17 січня 2018 рοку на засіданні
Уряду було схваленο Кοнцепцію та План дій розвитку цифрοвοї екοнοміки в Україні дο 2020 рοку. Документ
визначає ключові політики, першочергові сфери, ініціативи та проекти «цифровізації» України на найближчі
3 роки: розвиток цифрової інфраструктури — широкосмуговий інтернет має бути по всій території України;
цифровізація освітніх процесів і стимулювання цифрових трансформацій у системі освіти, медицині, екології,
безготівковій економіці, інфраструктурі, громадській безпеці, на транспорті тощо
НАУЧНО-ОНТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ СОВРЕМЕННОГО ЦИВИЛИЗОВАННОГО МЫСЛЕТВОРЧЕСТВА
Authors: БАБИЧ Валерий Петрович
Published: April 2021

Розглянуто сучасні проблеми універсальної соціогуманітарної освіти на основі ціннісного духовно-матеріального світогляду та засвоєння науково-онтологічних принципів
розумної ноосферної мислетворчості.
Ключові слова: мислетворчість, соціогуманітарна освіта, ціннісне духовно-матеріалістичне пізнання, прикладна
онтологія, ноосферний устрій життя.
Рассмотрены современные проблемы универсального
социогуманитарного образования на основе целостного
духовно-материалистического мировоззрения и освоения
научно-онтологических принципов разумного, ноосферного
мыслетворчества.
СОЦІАЛЬНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ НАУКОВИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ
Authors: Трусей Л. Г. , Трусей Л. М.
Published: April 2021

The article is sanctified to the problem of interdisciplinary researches
of social orientation in such heavy for all humanity period, as transition
from the epoch of barbarism to the epoch of civilization. Fundamental scientific works of general character are absent, what would be a professional
instrument in social practice. Separate interdisciplinary disciplines are
unable to answer all questions of present time. Obviously, in our view, that
some set of interdisciplinary disciplines of the intersystem co-operations
system incorporated on principles will form, sufficient from the point of
view of plenitude, tool of study and prognostication of the social phenomena. Actuality of theme is underlined by that complication of social processes will increase farther
РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ ТРУДОВОГО ПРИНЦИПУ В ЗАКЛАДАХ
ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ СЕРЕДНЬОЇ ОСВІТИ УКРАЇНИ
(1917-1940-ВІ РР.)
Authors: Лупаренко Світлана Євгенівна
Published: April 2021

Трудове виховання має надзвичайно важливу роль у формуванні
всебічно розвиненої особистості. Насамперед, завдяки трудовому вихованню діти оволодівають життєво необхідними практичними вміннями та навичками, що дозволяє їм у майбутньому легше адаптуватися в соціумі, здійснюючи різноманітні види робіт, набути досвід практичної діяльності в різних галузях життя, сформувати життєву
компетентність, бажання й готовність учитися і працювати. Окрім того,
трудове виховання сприяє професійному самовизначенню особистості, її підготовці до праці та обґрунтованому вибору професії. Також
трудове виховання стає складовою духовного розвитку людини, спрямовуючись формування її важливих моральних якостей (відповідальність, організованість, працьовитість тощо). Насамкінець, залучення
практичної діяльності дітей до процесу вивчення будь-яких навчальних
предметів у закладах освіти сприяє підвищенню пізнавальної активності учнів і пожвавленню процесу навчання.
МЕТОДОЛОГІЯ В СИСТЕМІ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Трусей Леонід Гаврилович
Published: April 2021

Проблеми освіти носять онтологічний характер тому, що ми не
цілком розуміємо складнощі сучасного світу і ролі в нім людини.
Змінилася і продовжує мінятися усе середовище існування людини
і темпи цих змін усі збільшуються. Перехід від епохи варварства
до епохи цивілізації [1], який ми зараз переживаємо, потребує людей абсолютно іншого типу, наділених абсолютно іншим мисленням, працюючих в інших індустріях і таких, що мають інші набори
навичок.
Особливої актуальності набуває проблема досягнення людини
і його природи в цей історичний період, коли повинен практично вирішуватися питання «Бути або не бути... людству»? «...Ми маємо
справу — завжди і передусім — з людським феноменом, тобто з нашим
реальним життям, коли думаємо про неї не в термінах існуючих теорій
і інституцій (що мають свої теорії), а в термінах власного життя і в контексті його проблем.» — писав М. К. Мамардашвілі
Validation of an analytical method for determination of eight food dyes in beverage and fruit roll-ups by ion-pair HPLC-DAD
Authors: Zahedi Maryam , Shakerian Amir , Rahimi Ebrahim , Sharafati Chaleshtori Reza
Published: April 2021

Background and aims: Synthetic dyes are widely used as food additives to avoid the loss of original dye in processed foods and to make the foods more attractive to consumers. For simultaneous determination of 8 most commonly used synthetic colors in beverage and foodstuff, an efficient, selective, and sensitive method is suggested. Methods: To analyze food colors in different beverages and fruit roll-ups, a method using Ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector was suggested and validated. The separation of dyes from beverage and foodstuff was done by solid-phase extraction (SPE). The ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction method was used to extract dye from fruit roll-ups. Results: The limit of detection and the limit of quantification ranged from 0.036 to 0.07 and 0.098 to 0.2 µg/mL, respectively. IP-HPLC-DAD method was validated using precision (RSD %) and accuracy (Recovery %) of two concentrations of 0.5 and 1 µg/mL in terms of intra- and inter-day. SPE method was also validated using intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy. The most commonly detected dye in the tested samples was carmoisine with a concentration of 386 µg/g. Additionally, the concentration of dye was higher than the permitted level in 28.6% of beverages, 40% of edible ice products, and 100% of fruit roll-ups (Lavashak). Conclusion: This method is an effective, appropriate, accessible, reliable and safe analytic method to analyze eight food dyes
Comparison of the effect of polyethylene glycol and simultaneous administration of polyethylene glycol with probiotics in the treatment of chronic functional constipation: a clinical trial
Authors: Kasiri Karamali , Sedehi Morteza , Mortazavi Sheida
Published: April 2021

Background and aims: Constipation is one of the most common issues in pediatrics. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of polyethylene glycol and the simultaneous administration of polyethylene glycol along with probiotics in the treatment of chronic functional constipation. Materials and Methods: In this randomized double-blind clinical trial, 150 children with chronic functional constipation referred to Imam Ali Clinic affiliated with Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences from 2017 to 2018 were included. The first group (A) consumed 1 g/ kg of body weight per day of water-soluble polyethylene glycol powder and the second group (B) consumed a probiotic powder and 1 g/kg of body weight of the water-soluble polyethylene glycol powder daily. In weeks 0, 1, and 2, questionnaires were filled out by the parents of the children and the data were analyzed. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference in any of the variables between groups A and B (P=0.07) including the frequency of fecal excretion in week 1 (77% and 71%) and week 2 (4% and 5.4%) and stool consistency in week 1 (4% and 6.7%) and week 2 (86.7% and 92%). Moreover, there was no significant difference between groups A and B in any of the variables frequency of painful excretion in week 1 (74% and 73%, respectively) and week 2 (5.3% and 4%, respectively), frequency of abdominal pain in week 1 (61.3% and 49.3%, respectively) and week 2 (4% and 5.3%, respectively), and the frequency of fecal incontinence in week 1 (22.77% and 18.7%, respectively) and week 2 (6.7% and 1.3%) (P>0.05, respectively). Conclusion: Our results indicated that the administration of probiotic supplement (Lactobacillus Rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillous Bulgaricus) has no effect on the improvement of symptoms in children with chronic constipation.
miR-508-5p and mir-510-5p expressions and their relationships with spermatozoa motility and morphology
Authors: Hasheminiya Tahere , Saberiyan Mohammadreza , Gholami Delnya , Teimori Hossein
Published: April 2021

Background and aims:miRNAs have regulatory functions in developmental processes. The stages of spermatogenesis can also be affected by miRNAs. We tried to detect a relationship between the expression of miR-508-5p and miR-510-5p and male infertility. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between expression of miR-508-5p and mir-510-5p in ejaculated sperm from patients with idiopathic asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia, and teratoasthenozoospermia. Materials and Methods:We enrolled 18 men with asthenozoospermia, 17 men with teratozoospermia, 18 men with teratoasthenozoospermia, and 18 individuals with normozoospermia based on the clinical criteria. Then, the expressions of the mentioned miRs in the spermatozoa were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Kruskal-Wallis was used to compare their expressions in the studied groups. Results: The expression of mir-508-5p did not show any statistical significance in all groups. On the other hand, the expression of miR-510- 5p in teratozoospermia groups (P<0.05) and the asthenozoospermia group (P<0.05) demonstrated a significant downregulation compared with the control and teratoasthenozoospermia groups. Conclusion: By analyzing the expression profile of miRNAs, we concluded that the expression level of miR-510-5p changed in patients with abnormal motility and morphology of spermatozoa; therefore, it may affect infertility by down-regulating the expression of mir-510-5p which shows the role of it in abnormal morphology and motility defects in infertility cases.
Study on the immunogenicity of pcDNA3.1(+)-cagT recombinant vector against Helicobacter pylori in BALB/c mice
Authors: Balash Armita , Doosti Abbas
Published: April 2021

Background and aims: The role of Helicobacter pylori in the development of gastric ulcer and gastrointestinal cancer was identified in this study. More precisely, the study focused on the creation of a DNA vaccine based on the cagT gene of this bacterium and the investigation of its immunogenicity against H. pylori in infused BALB/c mice. Materials and Methods: To this end, the pcDNA3.1(+)-cagT was prepared and transformed into Escherichia coli. Then, animals were injected with recombinant pcDNA3.1(+)-cagT plasmid, pcDNA3.1(+)-cagT + nanoparticles, and pcDNA3.1(+). After the plasmid purification and confirmation of the transformation by digestion and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized using the ionic gelation method. Next, the animals were classified into three groups each including 21 mice. The injectable solutions including pcDNA3.1(+)-cagT, pcDNA3.1(+)-cagT + nanoparticles, or empty pCDNA3.1 (as a control group) were injected into the quadriceps muscle of mice, separately. Finally, the blood and tissue samples of each mouse were collected 15, 30, and 45 days after the last injection, and the expression levels of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β1), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interferon-gamma (IFNγ) were evaluated by real-time PCR. Results: The IFNγ and TGF-β1 expression increased in the infused mice (P<0.01) while the IL4 expression represented a significant decrease (P<0.01). Moreover, the IFNγ and IL4 expression level in pcDNA3.1(+)-cagT + nanoparticle significantly altered (P<0.01) compared to the pcDNA3.1(+)-cagT group although the TGF-β1 expression was not significantly different (P=0.075). Contrarily, the cagT gene expression in the tissue samples of both groups was significantly different 15, 30, and 45 days after the last injection (P<0.01). Eventually, the expression of the cagT gene in the infused mice by pcDNA3.1(+)-cagT and in the nanoparticle group was not significantly different 45 days after the last injection (P=0.105). Conclusion: In general, the decrease of IL-4 expression was observed in the injected mice by pcDNA3.1(+)-cagT and indicated that the immune system work by a Th1 pattern. The findings showed that a pcDNA3.1(+)-cagT construct combined with chitosan nanoparticles can increase the stimulation of the immune system in an animal model and thus it can be used as an appropriate method for controlling H. pylori infection.
The therapeutic effects of Physalis alkekengi hydroalcoholic extract on estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer mice model: possible role of autophagy in this therapeutic response
Authors: Zare Zahra , Teimouri Maryam
Published: April 2021

Background and aims: Although some preclinical and clinical studies have extensively confirmed the pharmacological effects of the hydroalcoholic extract (HE) of Physalis alkekengi on several diseases, little is known about the effects of P. alkekengi HE (PAHE) on breast cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of PAHE on estrogen receptor+ breast cancer. Methods: To this end, tumors were created in mice by injecting MC4L2 cells into the sternum of the mice. Then, the animals were gavaged for 16 days at 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg daily of PAHE. In addition, the tumor growth and body weight of the mice were measured on the 16th day, and they were killed on 21st day. Finally, their tumor tissues were removed and the apoptotic cell tissue and expression of the ATG-5 gene were studied as well. The experiments were repeated three times, and the data were analyzed using SPSS software (P<0.001 and P<0.05). Results: The average body weight of the control group significantly decreased 16 days after tumor establishment (P<0.001). Further, the PAHE inhibited the growth of the breast cancer tumor in higher doses (50 & 100 mg/kg, P<0.001). Based on the results, a significant histopathological alteration was found in the breast tumors of the PAHE-treated groups compared with the control group, including the decreased level of mitotic cells the intensive level of necrotic cells and lymphocyte infiltration into the breast tumors bearing mice 21 days after PAHE administration (P=0.012). Eventually, PAHE significantly increased the mRNA level of the expression of the autophagy ATG-5 specific gene in the effective dosage-treated group (50 mg/kg, P=0.037). Conclusion: The evidence suggests that the PAHE has a suitable efficacy for the treatment of ER+ breast cancer by promoting autophagy mechanisms into these tumor types
Comparison of the Efficacy of Intravenous, Subcutaneous, and Suppository Morphine in Reducing Post Hysterectomy Pain
Authors: Shabanian Sheida , Ahmadi Ali , Mohammadi Razieh , Shabanian Gholamreza
Published: April 2021

Background and aims: Postoperative pain has always been considered by surgeons because of its various complications. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of intravenous, subcutaneous and suppository morphine in reducing post-hysterectomy pain. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 90 patients undergoing hysterectomy were randomized into three groups of 30 each using simple randomization, namely, intravenous, subcutaneous, and suppository morphine (10 mg). Before intervention and 4, 8, 12, and 16 hours after intervention, pain intensity was measured using visual analogue scale (VAS). Relative frequency of nausea, vomiting, itching, bradypnea, and apnea in all groups was recorded. Data were analyzed by SPSS version16.0. Results: Mean pain severity at 0 hour postoperatively (P=0.004), 4 hours postoperatively (P=0.009), 8 hours postoperatively (P=0.009), and 12 hours postoperatively (P=0.001) was significantly higher in the suppository morphine group than in the other two groups. There was no significant difference in pain severity at 16 hours postoperatively among the three groups (P=0.446). According to the results of repeated measures ANOVA, changes in pain severity at the five intervals were statistically significant in all three groups (subcutaneous, intravenous, and suppository morphine groups) (P<0.001). There was also a statistically significant difference in pain severity at the studied intervals among the three groups (P<0.001). The frequency of nausea (P=0.05) and vomiting (P=0.84) was higher in the suppository group than in the other two groups, although the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated better efficacy of subcutaneous and intravenous morphine in reducing post-hysterectomy pain compared with suppository morphine.
Os Estudos Culturais e a Mediação na Música Clássica
Authors: Amaral Carlos Eduardo
Published: April 2021

A partir de uma breve recapitulação histórica dos Estudos Culturais e de sua problemática, este artigo questiona a distância, por parte do referido e celebrado campo teórico contemporâneo, da análise de obras musicais eruditas – e propõe a revisão dessa postura lembrando que tais obras são difundidas por grupos mediadores, como as orquestras sinfônicas, e podem apresentar cunho sociopolítico.
O Novo Cinema e o Festival de Pesaro Hoje
Authors: Augusto Isabel Regina
Published: April 2021

A insurreição anti-hollywoodiana que surge nos anos 60 e se espalha pelo mundo, a partir do Neo-realismo na Itália, responsável pela Nouvelle Vague na França e o Cinema Novo no Brasil renovou as telas do mundo. O Festival Internacional de Pesaro, idealizado e criado pelo crítico e estudioso Lino Miccichè, foi um dos elementos chave na difusão e fortalecimento deste “novo modo de fazer e pensar o cinema” típico daqueles “anos dourados”, batizado de Novo Cinema.
A Folksonomia do YouTube
Authors: Amaral Filho Lúcio Siqueira
Published: April 2021

Uma das características marcantes da internet é a enorme quantidade de informações presentes na rede. Isso porque a web 2.0 exponencializa a possibilidade dos usuários construírem seus próprios conteúdos, publicando e compartilhando-os com os outros usuários da rede. Com o aumento do número de informações cresce a dificudade de encontrá-las, sendo necessário uma organização dessas informações. Surgem, assim, as tags (etiquetas), palavras associadas a conteúdos na rede para facilitar sua futura recuperação. A partir disso, este trabalho pretende delinear algumas concepções teóricas a respeito da folksonomia (etiquetação) de vídeos no YouTube, onde usuários utilizam palavras-chave para que seus vídeos sejam facilmente encontrados em futuras buscas. Para tanto, foi feita uma pesquisa no site pelas expressões “ipod ad” e “ipod commercial”, com o intuito de saber quais os critérios de etiquetação dos vídeos mais visulizados dos resultados.
A Tragédia do Voo 447 da Air France na Revista Época: uma leitura semiológica
Authors: Ramos Roberto
Published: April 2021

A queda do Airbus A330, da Air France, voo 447, Rio de Janeiro-Paris, com 228 passageiros, foi impactante. Reavivou o sentido de Tragédia no cotidiano. A Revista Época fez uma ampla cobertura sobre o fato. A sua representação, através dos discursos verbal e não-verbal, será o objeto de estudo do presente ensaio. Disponibilizaremos a Semiologia, de Roland Barthes, para interpretá-la, como informação midiática.
Do Rumo ao Cocoricó: o universo musical infantil a partir das músicas de Hélio Ziskind
Authors: Mandaji Carolina Fernandes da Silva
Published: April 2021

O cenário da música popular brasileira vem sofrendo mudanças ao longo dos anos, incluindo nessa premissa as músicas dirigidas ao público infantil. De intérpretes da MPB a ídolos da TV, a música popular brasileira dirigida às crianças foi conseguindo espaço tanto junto aos selos independentes quanto nas grandes gravadoras. A partir de uma pesquisa mais ampla com programas infantis de televisão percebeuse necessidade de uma abordagem sobre as músicas e clipes musicais desses programas. Sendo assim, esse artigo se propõe a falar sobre a relação mídia, música e criança, com enfoque no produtor e diretor musical do programa Cocoricó, Hélio Ziskind. Entende-se que o acervo de criação de músicas infantis de Ziskind é conseqüência de um ambiente midiático favorável a um objeto cultural, que mesmo sendo massivo (veiculado por um programa de televisão) é diferenciado.
Os Desafios Culturais da Propaganda na Modernidade: análise crítica dos anúncios publicitários da revista Veja
Authors: Corrêa Rodrigo Stéfani
Published: April 2021

Esta pesquisa envolve análises críticas do composto mercadológico que aponta para criação publicitária uma série de questões técnicas, de força internacional, que dentro de uma perspectiva diminutiva do processo criativo afeta negativamente o desenvolvimento de anúncios publicitários para a mídia revista. Parte da construção metodológica desta pesquisa está revestida em análises exploratórias de anúncios que foram recortados da revista Veja entre os anos 2007, 2008 e 2009. A pesquisa exploratório-bibliográfica leva em consideração também, o modelo de discurso mercadológico das empresas que, nas suas estratégias de marketing transferem um caráter global e menos regional de diálogo, de modo que os aspectos da cultura brasileira ficam em segundo plano. Esses procedimentos, ao que tudo indica, reduzem a capacidade de conexão/interatividade com o público, justamente por empregar uma estética de convenção, padronizando as atitudes dos profissionais que conduzem o trabalho criativo na publicidade.
A Construção do Novo Consumidor de Cinema na Era da Convergência
Authors: Cirino Nathan Nascimento
Published: April 2021

O cinema atual assume novas configurações enquanto linguagem e plataformas de exibição, mas principalmente constrói um novo consumidor que enxerga ainda mais o filme como elemento de ligação entre sua identidade e a sociedade. Através de uma análise do consumo no século XXI e de características do cinema interativo, aliadas aos conceitos da Cultura da Convergência, podemos vislumbrar a construção do novo consumidor de cinema e, sobre tudo, como o consumo deste tipo de mídia influencia na afirmação de uma identidade para o contexto social contemporâneo.
A Construção da Imagem Palestina: narrativas fotográficas no conflito na Faixa de Gaza de dezembro de 2008
Authors: Krauss Regina
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo apresenta a análise imagética da cobertura fotográfica do ataque israelense à faixa de Gaza em dezembro de 2008 nas capas da Folha de S. Paulo atentando para a construção da imagem da figura palestina. A fundamentação inclui a contribuição dos conceitos de teóricos da fotografia e da semiótica da cultura de Bystrina para compreender de que modo se elabora ali a representação da alteridade na oposição Ocidente versus Oriente. Aponta também características do fotojornalismo contemporâneo presentes nestas narrativas fotográficas.
Criação e Estética Comum no Flickr: um novo lugar para velhas ideias?
Authors: Maciel Jane
Published: April 2021

A “nova visão” proporcionada pela fotografia e igualmente influenciada por outras tecnologias imagéticas mostra-se hoje nas criações visuais de diversas ordens, que podem ser compreendidas como exercícios compartilhados em rede, passando ainda pelas possibilidades lançadas pela digitalização das mídias. Para tanto, iremos neste artigo descrever algumas relações estéticas e criativas que se estabelecem no site de compartilhamento de imagens Flickr (www.flickr.com) e mais especificamente em uma de suas ferramenta intitulada “exposições”, que são conjuntos de até 18 imagens reunidas por um usuário que recebe dentro das configurações da plataforma o título de “curador”.
O Retorno à Daguerreotipia na Fotografia Contemporânea
Authors: Barbalho Marcelo
Published: April 2021

A dilatação do tempo de pose torna-se hoje evidente diante de retratos filmados produzidos na arte contemporânea e no fotojornalismo multimídia. Na contemporaneidade é possível notar na obra de alguns autores um retorno à longa duração da pose, que surge impactante na “fotografia que se move”. Inspirado em Aby Warburg, fundador da iconologia, que estuda como determinado tema é tratado em diferentes contextos históricos e culturais, este artigo busca refletir sobre a “persistência” da pose no retrato fotográfico a partir de três períodos da história da fotografia: a fotografia clássica, a fotografia moderna e a fotografia contemporânea.
Práticas Sociais Mediadas pela Fotografia: um estudo das condições materiais de produção e circulação
Authors: Braga Vitor
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo visa discutir o papel da fotografia como promotora de práticas sociais em ambientes de compartilhamento de fotografias. Dessa forma, a análise pretende argumentar sobre como o desenvolvimento de câmeras e dos cenários de interação estariam possibilitaram a reformulação de uma cultura de compartilhar imagens que culmina nas interações existentes nas imagens digitais e nos ambientes dos sites de redes sociais. Para tanto, são discorridos aspectos históricos da fotografia para compreensão do momento presente, de modo a nos fornecer elementos para problematizarmos acerca das alterações no que tange à possibilidade dos indivíduos se representarem através das fotografias, bem como a mediação da fotografia na interlocução com sua rede social. Esse trabalho se baseia em estudos de casos e levantamento de material histórico para a análise, e tem como referenciais teóricos a teoria das materialidades e a microssociologia das interações.
Fotografando Digitalmente, Pensando Analogicamente: os fotógrafos migrantes
Authors: Valle Bella
Published: April 2021

Considerando as transformações que vêm acontecendo no processo de transição do analógico ao digital da fotografia, se mostra conveniente uma renovação da compreensão dessa linguagem. Na primeira década do século XXI, os fotógrafos ainda se encontram em um processo de migração, que, segundo Stuart Hall, situa o ser migrante entre a tradição e a tradução. Enquanto fotografam digitalmente, eles ainda pensam analogicamente. Guiados por termos familiares – como ISO, granulação, revelação – suas fotografias digitais são capturadas e tratadas a partir de interfaces que simulam processos analógicos conhecidos. Eles estão munidos de câmeras e programas digitais, mas poucos entendem da natureza e das potencialidades criativas e comunicativas próprias da fotografia numérica. Aqui, esse processo de migração dos fotógrafos e a maneira com que utilizam os recursos digitais de que dispõem são discutidos, através de respostas dadas a questionários aplicados.