bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ocular trauma in badminton: A 5‐year review of badminton‐related eye injury emergency department presentations
Authors: Dewhurst Nicholas , Tangri Devangna , Arslan Janan , Ashraf Gizem , Chakrabarti Rahul , Crock Carmel
Published: August 2024

Objective

To examine the nature and severity of badminton‐related ocular injuries in Melbourne, Australia.

Methods

This is a retrospective chart review. A search of the medical records was conducted for patients presenting to the ED at The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, with badminton‐related eye injuries from June 2018 to May 2023. Data were extracted, focusing on injury mechanism, patient demographics and treatment outcomes.

Results

In total, 88 patients were included in the study, comprising 64 (73%) men and 24 (27%) women. The mean patient age was 36.13 years. The most common injury was hyphaema (73%), followed by commotio retinae (45%). One patient sustained a penetrating eye injury when a shuttlecock shattered the spectacles he was wearing during play. Medical intervention was required for 90% of patients. The most common interventions were steroid eye drops (80%) and cycloplegic eyedrops (76%). A total of six (7%) patients required surgical management. For those 69 patients followed up at The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, 77% of patients had a final best‐corrected visual acuity of 6/6 or greater.

Conclusions

Hyphaema, commotio retinae and traumatic uveitis were the most commonly diagnosed injuries. The majority of patients with badminton‐related eye injuries required medical treatment, and some necessitated surgical intervention. To mitigate these risks, there is a pressing need to develop an eye safety policy for Australian badminton players, and players should exercise caution when wearing spectacles during play to prevent potential penetrating eye injuries.
Decolonial refusals: Ethnographic writing from the postperiphery
Authors: Stephens Gregory
Published: August 2024

Decolonial refusals theory, forged through fieldwork in Puerto Rico, is used to question “conceptual disjunctures” in binary views of center‐periphery relations. Grad students here are not merely voices from the margins, as seen from the imperial north. Their autoethnographies may be dispatches from the frontlines of an epistemic rebellion. But seen from the south, their writings are regenerative forms of refusal. Their arc of refusal, rooted in a characteristic el vaivén modality (back‐and‐forth), begins by critiquing the mimicry of public English usage, and the coercive loss of voice they experience in English departments. Refusal to be pinned on the periphery opens to narrating fluid subjectivities, which challenge national and linguistic binaries. This project furthers the “ethnographic imperative” which Brian Street saw as key to reimagining interdisciplinary Writing Studies and cultural analysis.
Morphological description of the temporomandibular joint ligaments in domestic pigs
Authors: Magalhães Henrique Inhauser Riceti , da Silva Mônica Duarte , dos Santos Penna Neto Abelardo Moreira , Penna Arthur Nunes Moreira , Barto Victor Hugo , Miglino Maria Angelica , Hiraki Karen Renata Nakamura , de Assis Ribeiro Lucas
Published: August 2024

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ligaments play crucial roles in its function or dysfunction. The objective of this study was to describe the macro and microscopic morphology of these ligaments in domestic pigs, aiming to: (1) expand knowledge about the species; (2) provide anatomical references for advancing veterinary therapy and utilizing pigs as animal models in craniofacial research. Heads of young Sus scrofa domesticus were dissected to identify TMJ ligaments. Fragments of these ligaments were collected and processed for subsequent histological analysis with Haematoxylin and eosin staining. The results were qualitatively described. Pigs exhibited a TMJ reinforced by three individualized capsular ligaments: a lateral ligament, attaching to the ventral margin of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the lateral margin of the mandibular neck; a caudomedial ligament, attaching to the retroarticular process of the squamous part of the temporal bone and the caudomedial margin of the mandibular neck and a caudolateral ligament, attaching to the ventral margin of the base of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the caudal margin of the mandibular neck. The lateral ligament exhibited a greater constitution of dense irregular connective tissue, while the caudomedial and caudolateral ligaments showed a greater constitution of dense regular connective tissue. It is concluded that the TMJ of pigs presents one more ligament than horses, cattle, dogs, cats and what has been described for pigs themselves. We believe these results may contribute to the improvement of veterinary clinical and surgical therapy overall, as well as provide essential morphological information for a better interpretation and application of interspecies results in craniofacial research using pigs as an experimental model, as in the case of humans.
An integrated network pharmacology and molecular docking approach to reveal the role of Arctigenin against Cutibacterium acnes‐induced skin inflammation by targeting the CYP19A1
Authors: Lu Xiaoyan , Han Yanzhong , Zhang Yongkang , Li Rui , Xu Jiaoyan , Yang Jian , Yao Jingchun , Lv Zhihai
Published: August 2024

Acne caused by inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands is a common chronic skin disease. Arctigenin (ATG) is an extract of Arctium lappa L., which has significant anti‐inflammatory effects. However, the effect and mechanism of ATG in cutaneous inflammation mediated by Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) has not been fully evaluated. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect and potential mechanism of ATG in the treatment of acne through network pharmacology and experimental confirmation. An acne model was established by injected live C. acnes into living mice and treated with ATG. Our data showed that ATG effectively improved acne induced by live C. acnes, which was confirmed by determining ear swelling rate, estradiol concentration and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. In addition, ATG inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway in mice ear tissues and reduced the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β to relieve inflammation. The results of network pharmacology and molecular docking confirmed that ATG can regulate 17β‐Estradiol (E2) levels through targeted to CYP19A1, and finally inhibited skin inflammation. Taken together, our results confirmed that ATG regulated E2 secretion by targeting CYP19A1, thereby inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway and improving inflammation levels in acne mice. This study provides a basis for the feasibility of ATG in treating acne in clinical practice.
Exploring the nexus of occupational licensing and the shadow economy: Evidence from U.S. states
Authors: Gyimah Daniel A. , Saunoris James W.
Published: August 2024

This study looks at the relationship between the prevalence of state‐level shadow economies and the extent of labor regulations specific to occupational licensing. Occupational licensing leads to higher prices in the formal sector and barriers to entry into formal sector employment, therefore incentivizing individuals to migrate their demand and supply to the underground sector. Using state‐level panel data for the 50 U.S. states from 2001 to 2019 and two‐stage least squares estimation, we find a positive relationship between occupational licensing in a state and the size of its shadow economy. These results are robust to various considerations.
Typical and atypical MRI patterns of rare brain disorders: The challenge of low numbers
Authors: Wolf Nicole I. , Engelen Marc , van der Knaap Marjo S.
Published: August 2024

This commentary is on the original article by Oikarainen et al. on pages 186–194 of this issue.
Quantifying the complex transmission of substrate‐borne vibrations with scanning laser vibrometry
Authors: McGinley Rowan H. , Cocroft Reginald B. , Elias Damian O. , Redle Elizabeth , Gorlewicz Jenna , Fowler‐Finn Kasey D.
Published: August 2024

Substrate‐borne vibrations are ubiquitous in nature and are used by diverse taxa to communicate and to obtain information about their environments. However, substrate‐borne vibrations remain understudied compared with other sensory and signaling modalities, in part due to human sensory biases. In addition, understanding and quantifying the transmission of vibrations remains a challenging task due to it being dependent on both signal properties and properties of the substrates that the signals transmit through. Here, we provide methods for playing back and measuring the transmission of vibrations throughout a substrate. Using linear resonant actuators, we conducted playbacks of pure tones and frequency sweeps on wooden dowels and on the stems of potted Ptelea trifoliata L. (Rutaceae) plants. We used scanning laser Doppler vibrometry to measure the signals at multiple locations along the length of the dowels and plant stems. We demonstrate that playback of a frequency sweep yields more data in a shorter amount of time than multiple playbacks and measurements of pure tone signals. Our results are also consistent with previous findings showing that signals produce frequency and location specific minima and maxima (nodes and antinodes) throughout the substrates, rather than simply attenuating with distance. This results in filtering of signals, such that their spectra are unique at any given measurement location—illustrating the importance of measuring vibrations at multiple locations. We discuss the implications of such filtering phenomena for vibrationally signaling animals and the biotremologists that study them.
Demographic but not competitive time lags can transiently amplify climate‐induced changes in vegetation carbon storage
Authors: Levine Jonathan M. , HilleRisLambers Janneke , Petry William K. , Usinowicz Jacob , Crowther Thomas W.
Published: August 2024

How terrestrial ecosystems will accumulate carbon as the climate continues to change is a major source of uncertainty in projections of future climate. Under growth‐stimulating environmental change, time lags inherent in population and community dynamic processes have been posed to dampen, or alternatively amplify, short‐term carbon gain in terrestrial vegetation, but these outcomes can be difficult to predict. To theoretically frame this problem, we developed a simple model of vegetation dynamics that identifies the stage‐structured demographic and competitive processes that could govern the timescales of carbon storage and loss. We show that demographic lags associated with growth‐stimulating environmental change can allow a rapid increase in population‐level carbon storage that is lost back to the atmosphere in later years. However, this transient carbon storage only emerges when environmental change increases the transition of adult individuals into a larger size class that suffers markedly higher mortality. Otherwise, demographic lags simply slow carbon accumulation. Counterintuitively, an analogous tradeoff between maximum adult size and survivorship in two‐species models, coupled with environmental change‐driven replacement, does not generate the transient carbon gain seen in the single‐species models. Instead lags in competitive replacement slow the approach to the eventual carbon trajectory. Together, our results suggest that time lags inherent in demographic and compositional turnover tend to slow carbon accumulation in systems responding to growth‐stimulating environmental change. Only under specific conditions will lagged demographic processes in such systems drive transient carbon accumulation, conditions that investigators can examine in nature to help project future carbon trajectories.
Migration and Technological Dialogue in Early Modern East Asia: A Historiographical Review
Authors: van Swet Floris
Published: August 2024

By reviewing historiographical trends within existing scholarship on migration and movement, and knowledge and technological dialogue in early modern East Asia, this article demonstrates how these bodies of work have become increasingly interdisciplinary and inclusive, thereby challenging prior characterisations of the region. Recent trends within the field combined with considerations of embodiment are, however, laying the groundwork for more meaningful integration by examining how migrants actually transferred, adapted, and leveraged their knowledge and skills. This article concludes by pointing to the potential to fully bring to the fore the complex nature of both migrants and technological dialogue.
Metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis exhibits sex differences in people with HIV
Authors: Kablawi Dana , Milic Jovana , Thomas Tyler , Fotsing Tadjo Thierry , Cinque Felice , Elgretli Wesal , Gioè Claudia , Lebouché Bertrand , Tsochatzis Emmanuel , Finkel Jemima , Bhagani Sanjay , Cascio Antonio , Guaraldi Giovanni , Mazzola Giovanni , Saeed Sahar , Sebastiani Giada
Published: August 2024

Objectives

People with HIV are at increased risk for metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Although sex differences are documented in the general population, their role in the context of HIV is less understood.

Methods

This was a multicentre cohort study including people with HIV without viral hepatitis coinfection. A FibroScan‐AST (FAST) score >0.35 was used to diagnose MASH with significant liver fibrosis (stage F2–F4). We investigated sex‐based differences in MASH trends as a function of age using a segmented linear mixed‐effects model. Random effects accounted for clustering by the four sites. Adjusted models included ethnicity, diabetes, hypertension, and detectable HIV viral load.

Results

We included 1472 people with HIV (25% women). At baseline, the prevalence of MASH with fibrosis by FAST score was lower in women than in men (4.8% vs. 9.2%, p = 0.008). Based on the adjusted model, male sex (+0.034; p = 0.04), age per year (+0.003; p = 0.05), detectable HIV viral load (+0.034; p = 0.02), and hypertension (+0.03; p = 0.01) were positively associated with MASH with fibrosis. Although men exhibited generally higher FAST scores, FAST scores increased in women during the critical biological age of presumed perimenopause to menopause (between 40 and 50 years), reaching levels similar to those in men by the age of 55 years.

Conclusion

Despite women with HIV having a lower prevalence of MASH with fibrosis than men, they exhibit an acceleration in FAST score increase around the perimenopausal age. Future studies should target adequate consideration of sex differences in clinical investigation of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease to fill current gaps and implement precision medicine for people with HIV.
Understanding the impact of natural disasters on children within first hours and days after an event: A phenomenological study through the experience of nurses
Authors: Dağ Yeliz Suna , Zengin Mürşide , Yayan Emriye Hilal , Dağ Serhat
Published: August 2024

Background

Children are a particularly vulnerable group in natural disasters such as earthquakes, and although they represent a difficult group to research in such situations, there appears to be a lack of literature investigating children's experiences in the immediate post‐earthquake period. Experienced nurses can shed light on children's experiences.

Aim

This study was conducted to examine the experiences of nurses caring for children affected by the earthquake in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.

Methods

This phenomenological study was conducted with nurses who provided care to children during the Kahramanmaraş earthquake between May and August 2023. The study sample consisted of 14 nurses selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through in‐depth interviews by using the “Introductory Information Form” and “Semi‐structured Interview Form” developed by the researchers. The interviews were subsequently analyzed using Colaizzi's method.

Results

The results revealed five themes under two main themes. Under the main theme of nurse, there are subthemes of chaos, helplessness‐incompetence, while under the main theme of child, there are subthemes of unresponsiveness, intertwined needs, empathy, and care. The study also highlights the chaotic environment in the immediate aftermath of the earthquake, characterized by a high number of pediatric casualties and psychological trauma, and the nurses' feelings of helplessness as a result of being separated from their families.

Conclusion

This study found that nurses caring for children in the earthquake had difficulties in managing children's hospital processes and they demonstrated an empathic approach by trying to communicate with the children in their care. The nurses stated that children should be supported psychologically as well as having their basic needs such as water, food, and shelter met.

Implications for nursing and health policy

Health policymakers should be aware that in the early stages of major disasters such as earthquakes, children are not only physically injured but also have basic needs such as water, shelter, and food, and are emotionally affected. It is recommended that disaster management plans be developed to address all children's needs and nurses be provided with psychological support and training to improve their knowledge and skills.
The home literacy environment of school‐age autistic children with high support needs
Authors: Westerveld Marleen F. , Malone Stephanie A. , Clendon Sally , Bowen Rachael , Hayley Georgia , Paynter Jessica
Published: August 2024

Background

As a group, autistic children with high support needs (with adaptive functioning in the range of an intellectual disability) are at risk of significant literacy difficulties. We investigated the parent‐reported home literacy environment of this group of children.

Method

Sixty‐two parents of autistic children (4.5 to 18.25 years) attending an autism‐specific school completed a home literacy survey reporting on their child's: (1) alphabet knowledge, (2) interest in reading, (3) activities/interactions around books, (4) reading ability, and (5) writing ability.

Results

We found significant positive correlations between parent‐reported child interest in reading and literacy‐related interactions and skills, but not with child age. Children using spoken words to communicate obtained significantly greater scores on four home‐literacy subscales, but not on reading interest.

Conclusions

A better understanding of the home literacy activities of autistic children with high‐support needs is needed to inform educational practices aimed at promoting literacy development in this vulnerable population.
Exploring the experience of working relationships for support workers of adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: D'Sa Rachel , Fletcher Ian , Field Stephen
Published: August 2024

Background

Research suggests that a better awareness of how staff who directly support people with intellectual disabilities experience their working relationships, will contribute to understanding staff wellbeing and the quality of care they offer. This study aimed to gain insights into the lived experiences of support workers in supported living services in England.

Method

Six support workers participated in semi‐structured interviews, about their working relationships with service‐users and colleagues. Data was analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Results

Six interconnected themes emerged: The essence of good relationships; a trusting relationship as the vehicle for meeting service‐users' needs; belonging to the support team; the organisational context of relationships; the social context of relationships; ‘a fine balancing act’.

Conclusions

The findings provide insights into staff wellbeing, indicating that developing supportive, trusting relationships with both service‐users and colleagues, plays an important role in delivering effective care. Potential implications for service providers are discussed.
Parent of origin genetic effects on milk production traits in a population of Iranian Holstein cows
Authors: Ghafouri‐Kesbi Farhad , Noorian Milad , Gholizadeh Sajad , Mokhtari Morteza
Published: August 2024

The aim was to estimate the relative contribution of imprinting effects from both paternal and maternal sides to phenotypic variation in milk production traits including 305 days milk yield (MY), average daily milk production (ADM), fat percentage (F%), protein percentage (P%), 305 days fat yield (FY), 305 days protein yield (PY), ratio of fat percentage to protein percentage (F:P) and somatic cell score (SCS) in Iranian Holstein cows. To do this, each trait was analysed with a series of four animal models, which were identical for fixed and additive genetic effects but differed for combinations of paternal and maternal imprinting effects. The log‐likelihood ratio test (LRT) and Akaike's information criteria (AIC) were used to select the best model for each trait. Correlations between traits due to additive and imprinting effects were estimated by bivariate analyses. For all traits studied, fitting the imprinting effect led to a better data fit. Also, it resulted in a noticeable decrease in additive genetic variance from 8% (SCS) to 28% (F:P). A significant maternal imprinting effect was detected on all traits studied. Estimates of maternal imprinting heritability () were 0.07 ± 0.02, 0.04 ± 0.01, 0.06 ± 0.01, 0.05 ± 0.01, 0.5 ± 0.01, 0.09 ± 0.02, 0.07 ± 0.02 and 0.06 ± 0.01 for MY, ADM, F%, P%, FY, PY, F:P and SCS, respectively. For F:P, in addition to the maternal imprinting effect, a significant paternal imprinting component was also detected with a 7% contribution to phenotypic variance of F:P. Estimates of direct heritability () were 0.29 ± 0.02, 0.17 ± 0.01, 0.22 ± 0.02, 0.11 ± 0.01, 0.18 ± 0.02, 0.22 ± 0.02, 0.15 ± 0.04 and 0.06 ± 0.01 for MY, ADM, F%, P%, FY, PY, F:P and SCS, respectively. Maternal imprinting correlations (rmi) were in a wide range between −0.75 ± 0.15 (P%‐SCS) and 0.95 ± 0.11 (MY‐ADM). Additive genetic correlations (ra) ranged between −0.54 ± 0.05 (MY‐P%) and 0.99 ± 0.01 (MY‐ADM) and phenotypic correlations (rp) ranged from −0.30 ± 0.01 (MY‐F%) to 0.93 ± 0.01 (MY‐ADM). The Spearman's correlation between additive breeding values including and excluding imprinting effects deviated from unity especially for top‐ranked animals implying re‐ranking of top animals following the inclusion of imprinting effects in the model. Since including imprinting effects in the model resulted in better data fit and re‐ranking of top animals, including these effects in the genetic evaluation models for milk production traits was recommended.
Intraperitoneal administration of α‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) suppresses food intake and induces anxiety‐like behavior via the brain MC4 receptor‐signaling pathway in goldfish
Authors: Watanabe Keisuke , Konno Norifumi , Nakamachi Tomoya , Matsuda Kouhei
Published: August 2024

α‐Melanocyte stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) is a peptide hormone released from the intermediate lobe of the pituitary which regulates body pigmentation. In addition to the pituitary, α‐MSH is also produced in the midbrain, and exerts both anorexigenic and an anxiogenic actions. Acyl ghrelin and cholecystokinin are peripheral hormones derived from the digestive tract which affect the brain to control food intake and feeding behavior in vertebrates. In the present study, hypothesizing that plasma α‐MSH may also stimulate the brain and exert central effects, we examined whether peripherally administered α‐MSH affects food intake and psychomotor activity using a goldfish model. Intraperitoneal (IP) administration of α‐MSH at 100 pmol g−1 body weight (BW) reduced food consumption and enhanced thigmotaxis. These α‐MSH‐induced actions were blocked by intracerebroventricular administration of HS024, an antagonist of the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), at 50 pmol g−1 BW, whereas these actions were not attenuated by pretreatment with an IP‐injected excess amount of capsaicin, a neurotoxin that destroys primary sensory (vagal and splanchnic) afferents, at 160 nmol g−1 BW. Transcripts for the MC4R showed higher expression in the diencephalon in other regions of the brain. These results suggest that, in goldfish, IP administered α‐MSH is taken up by the brain, and also acts as anorexigenic and anxiogenic factor via the MC4R signaling pathway.
Incidence and risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis using administrative claims data
Authors: Imoto Waki , Ihara Yasutaka , Imai Takumi , Kawai Ryota , Yamada Koichi , Kaneko Yukihiro , Shintani Ayumi , Kakeya Hiroshi
Published: August 2024

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is one of the noticeable complications of COVID‐19 and its incidence varies widely. In Japan, research on the incidence, risk factors and mortality associated with CAPA is limited.

Objectives

This study aimed to explore the incidence and potential risk factors for CAPA in patients with severe or critical COVID‐19 and evaluate the relationship between CAPA and mortality of patients with severe or critical COVID‐19.

Methods

We investigated the incidence of CAPA in patients with severe and critical COVID‐19 using administrative claims data from acute care hospitals in Japan. We employed multivariable regression models to explore potential risk factors for CAPA and their contribution to mortality in patients with severe and critical COVID‐19.

Results

The incidence of CAPA was 0.4%–2.7% in 33,136 patients with severe to critical COVID‐19. Age, male sex, chronic lung disease, steroids, immunosuppressants, intensive care unit admission, blood transfusion and dialysis were potential risk factors for CAPA in patients with severe to critical COVID‐19. CAPA was an independent factor associated with mortality.

Conclusions

CAPA is a serious complication in patients with severe and critical COVID‐19 and may increase mortality.
Inopinatus corneliae sp. nov. gen. nov. isolated from human skin: A newly discovered keratinophilic hyphomycete, order Onygenales
Authors: Brasch Jochen , Gräser Yvonne , Voss Karen , Langen Katharina Antonia , Yurkov Andrey
Published: August 2024

Background

Fungi clinically relevant to human skin comprise prevalent commensals and well‐known pathogens. Only rarely human skin harbours fungi that evade identification.

Objective

To characterise an enigmatic specimen isolated from a skin lesion.

Methods

A comprehensive clinical and mycological workup including conventional methods for phenotypic characterisation and sequencing based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) regions to infer a phylogenetic tree.

Results

Cultures on common solid media were macroscopically inconspicuous initially until mycelial tufts developed on the surface, notably on potato dextrose agar. Polymorphous chlamydospores were detected but no aleurospores and ascomata. At 26°C, the isolate grew on standard agars, plant materials and garden soil and utilised peptone, keratins, lipids, inulin, erythrocytes and cellulose. It also grew at 5°C and at 37°C. Nucleotide sequences of its ITS region showed 93% similarity to sequences of different Malbranchea species. The closest matches among LSU rRNA sequences were obtained with the genera Amauroascus, Arthroderma, Auxarthronopsis and Malbranchea (93%–95%). A combined phylogenetic analysis placed the fungus in a sister clade to Neogymnomycetaceae, classified as incertae sedis in Onygenales, on a large distance to either Diploospora rosea or ‘Amauroascus’ aureus.

Conclusions

The genus Inopinatus gen. nov. (MB854685) with the species Inopinatus corneliae sp. nov. (MB854687) is introduced to accommodate our isolate (holotype: DSM 116806; isotypes: CBS 151104, IHEM 29063). Probably Inopinatus corneliae is a geophilic species that, although potentially harmful, was no relevant pathogen in our case. Its ecology, epidemiology and pathogenicity need to be further clarified.
Augmented type 2 inflammatory response in allergic rhinitis patients experiencing systemic reactions to house dust mite subcutaneous immunotherapy
Authors: Ji Ping , Yang Lin , Zhu Li , Hu Lintao , Wang Yin , Shi Cancan , Jiang Qing , Huang Nan , Yang Yaqi , Chen Hao , Zhu Rongfei
Published: August 2024

Background

Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) can induce systemic reactions (SRs) in certain patients, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated.

Methods

AR patients who were undergoing standardized HDM SCIT (Alutard, ALK) between 2018 and 2022 were screened. Those who experienced two consecutive SRs were included in the study group. A control group was established, matched 1:1 by gender, age, and disease duration with the study group, who did not experience SRs during SCIT. Clinical and immunological parameters were recorded and analyzed both before SCIT and after 1 year of treatment.

Results

A total of 161 patients were included, with 79 (49.07%) in the study group. The study group had a higher proportion of AR combined asthma (26.8% vs. 51.8%, p < 0.001) and higher levels of sIgE to HDM and HDM components (all p < .001). Serum IL‐4 and IL‐13 levels in the study group were higher than those in the control group (p < .05). The study group received a lower maintenance dosage of HDM extracts injections than control group due to SRs (50000SQ vs. 100000SQ, p < .05). After 1 year of SCIT, the VAS score, the lung function parameters of asthmatic patients over 14 years old significantly improved in both groups (all p < .05). After a 7‐day exposure to 20 μg/mL HDM extracts, the percentages of Th1, Th17, Tfh10, and Th17.1 in PBMCs decreased, while the Tfh13 cells significantly increased in the study group (p < .05).

Conclusion

The type 2 inflammatory response is augmented in HDM‐induced AR patients who experienced SRs during SCIT. Despite this, SCIT remains effective in these patients when administered with low‐dosage allergen extracts.
Error traps in patients with congenital heart disease undergoing noncardiac surgery
Authors: Albertz Megan , Ing Richard J. , Schwartz Lawrence , Navaratnam Manchula
Published: August 2024

Patients with congenital heart disease are living longer due to improved medical and surgical care. Congenital heart disease encompasses a wide spectrum of defects with varying pathophysiology and unique anesthetic challenges. These patients often present for noncardiac surgery before or after surgical repair and are at increased risk for perioperative morbidity and mortality. Although there is no singular safe anesthetic technique, identifying potential error traps and tailoring perioperative management may help reduce morbidity and mortality. In this article, we discuss five error traps based on the collective experience of the authors. These error traps can occur when providing perioperative care to patients with congenital heart disease for noncardiac surgery and we present potential solutions to help avoid adverse outcomes.
Comprehensive dental care in patient with Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome: A 3‐year case study using progressive desensitization techniques and oral sedation
Authors: Sarapultseva Maria , Sarapultsev Alexey
Published: August 2024

Aim

This case study delineates a minimally invasive and effective approach for the aesthetic and functional restoration of teeth in a patient with Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RTS), focusing on the challenges and strategies tailored to their specific dental care needs.

Methods and Results

A 20‐year‐old patient diagnosed with RTS presented at the Pediatric Dentistry Department for a comprehensive dental assessment and care. The individual's genetic condition manifested in unique dental and craniofacial anomalies, complicating standard dental procedures. Following an initial consultation that underscored limited cooperation due to intellectual disabilities, a customized treatment plan was developed. This included behavior modification techniques to acclimate the patient to dental settings and procedures. Utilizing “simplified technologies” such as volumetric polymerization composites and self‐etching primer and adhesive systems, tooth 36 was successfully treated. The approach showcased the potential for dental care in RTS patients with minimal sedation, prioritizing patient comfort and cooperation.

Conclusion

The successful dental treatment of the RTS patient highlights the importance of patient‐centered, minimally invasive approaches in managing individuals with special healthcare needs. Emphasizing continuity of care and prioritizing restorative treatments facilitated significant improvements in oral health and patient cooperation. This case contributes to the sparse literature on dental care for RTS patients, advocating for specialized strategies to address their comprehensive oral health needs. The findings underscore the necessity for interdisciplinary collaboration and innovative care protocols to ensure effective and empathetic dental treatment for individuals with RTS.
Becoming a Cannabis Professional
Authors: Kinney Alexander B.
Published: August 2024

In recent years, U.S. states have relaxed their laws to permit the operation of a commercial cannabis market despite enduring federal criminalization. While media outlets commonly point to money as the primary motivator for working in the newly regulated cannabis industry, this article advances the alternative view that becoming a cannabis professional is linked to a broader process of drug‐related identity formation. Interviews with cannabis professionals reveal that commercial cannabis careers are facilitated through diverse moral meanings associated with this plant regardless of economic success. These meanings are filtered through imagined futures of the cannabis trade that draw people to cannabis occupations, increase their job commitment, and formalize their professional identities. In the spirit of reflecting on cannabis policy at the twilight of drug prohibition, this article sketches out new directions for studying the regulated cannabis trade and advocates for greater attention to the projective element of capitalism in the operation of legally contested markets.
Global prevalence of overweight and obesity among health care workers: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Awaluddin S. Maria , Lim Kuang Kuay , Shawaluddin Noor Syaqilah
Published: August 2024

Objective:

This systematic review aims to determine the global pooled prevalence of overweight and obesity among health care workers in the 6 World Health Organization regions.

Introduction:

The escalating prevalence of overweight and obesity among health care workers significantly affects both individual health and the quality of health care services. Understanding this global prevalence is crucial to be able to implement informed interventions and policies, and for the overall optimization of health care delivery.

Inclusion criteria:

Observational studies with prevalence data for overweight and obesity among health care workers in both private and public health care facilities will be considered for inclusion. Transparent documentation of anthropometric measurements and adherence to established overweight and obesity criteria by the WHO, Asia Pacific standards, or Asian criteria are required to be eligible for inclusion. The review will focus on observational study designs, including cross-sectional, survey, case-control, and cohort studies.

Methods:

PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection will be searched for records with predefined keywords, including MeSH terms. Records found through hand-searching and reference lists will be added. Two researchers will independently screen studies, resolving any discrepancies with a third researcher. Standardized critical appraisal and data extraction forms will be used. If suitable, pooled prevalence for overweight and obesity based on the 6 WHO regions will be calculated using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model. Statistical analysis will be performed and publication bias will be assessed through funnel plot analysis using either Egger, Begg, or Harbord test.

Review registration:

PROSPERO CRD42023452330
Resistance exercise breaks during prolonged sitting augment the blood flow response to a subsequent oral glucose load in sedentary adults
Authors: Rogers Emily M. , Banks Nile F. , Trachta Emma R. , Wolf Morgan S. , Berry Alexander C. , Stanhewicz Anna E. , Carr Lucas J. , Gibbs Bethany Barone , Jenkins Nathaniel D. M.
Published: August 2024

Sitting‐induced impairments in postprandial blood flow are an important link between sedentary behaviour and cardiometabolic disease risk. The objective of this work was to examine the effects of resistance exercise breaks (REB) performed every 30 min during an otherwise sedentary 3‐h period on the vasodilatory response to a subsequent oral glucose load in sedentary adults. Twenty‐four sedentary adults (27 ± 7 years, 16 females) completed two conditions. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, popliteal artery blood flow (PABF) and gastrocnemius perfusion were measured immediately before standardized breakfast consumption. After breakfast, the 3‐h REB or uninterrupted (SIT) intervention period commenced. Participants sat at a workstation, and popliteal artery shear rate (PASR) was measured 60 and 120 min into this period. In the REB condition, participants performed a 3‐min REB (3 × [20 s squats, 20 s high knees, 20 s calf raises]) every 30 min. Following the intervention period, baseline measurements were repeated. Participants then consumed a 75 g glucose beverage, and PABF and perfusion were measured every 30–60 min for the following 120 min. Relative to SIT, REB increased PASR at 60 min (+31.4 ± 9.2/s, P = 0.037) and 120 min (+37.4 ± 10.2/s, P = 0.019) into the intervention period. Insulin and glucose increased (P < 0.001) in response to glucose consumption, with no differences between conditions (P ≥ 0.299). In response to the glucose load, perfusion (1.57 vs. 1.11 mL/100 mL/min, P = 0.023) and PABF (+45.3 ± 11.8 mL/min, P = 0.001) were greater after REB versus SIT. Performing 3‐min REB every 30 min during an otherwise sedentary 3‐h period augmented leg blood flow responses to an oral glucose load.
Topologies of scholasticide in Gaza: education in spaces of elimination
Authors: Dader Khalid , Ghantous Wassim , Masad Danna , Joronen Mikko , Kallio Kirsi Pauliina , Riding James , Vainikka Joni
Published: August 2024

The Israeli military aggression against Gaza has led to unprecedented destruction. Since October 2023, Israel has cut off water, fuel, and electricity, prevented humanitarian aid and destroyed vital facilities and infrastructure, turning the Gaza Strip into a death space marked by horror and mass devastation. The educational sector has suffered significantly, with thousands of students, teachers and professors killed or injured and 60% of educational facilities destroyed, including all 12 universities. In this editorial, we trace the pattern of systematic attacks on Palestinian education by the Israeli settler state in and beyond the Gaza Strip. We contextualise resilience initiatives that strive to conceive a sense of normalcy during the direst conditions. We acknowledge the role stories of such initiatives can have in lifting morale and resisting oppression. Yet, we draw attention to the harm the glorification of such initiatives may have in skewing the image of hardship that most Gazans face under the most disastrous of circumstances. Instead, we urgently call on the global community to urgently respond to end the genocidal violence, support the rebuilding of Gaza and restore the right to life and education for its people.
A Repurposable Attribute Basis for Identifying Repurposing Opportunities in Decommissioned Products
Authors: Hewa Witharanage Shenal Dilanjaya , Otto Kevin , Li Wen , Holtta-Otto Katja
Published: August 2024

Repurposing is a decommissioning strategy that enables multiple life cycles for a product or its components. However, repurposing is challenging since it requires finding an alternative use for an existing product. Therefore, a starting point to analyze a product in the context of repurposing is required. We aim to fill this gap by developing a repurposable attribute basis (RAB). We identified and analyzed 69 unique repurposing examples to understand the underlying attributes utilized during the repurposing. When repurposing a product to develop a new one, a common attribute is a quality or characteristic both products have (e.g., material property). A transformer attribute is an action that helps one product to be transformed into another product (e.g., deform). All analyzed repurposing examples utilized 13 common attributes and 15 transformer attributes. We discuss the 28 repurposable attributes and present them as the RAB for identifying repurposing opportunities in decommissioned products. The implications of the basis on creativity-based and data-driven methods for identifying repurposing opportunities are discussed using two example applications. The RAB appears useful for idea generation as a creativity stimulus and as a prompt modifier when using large language models. The RAB could serve as a foundation, increasing the understanding and utilization of repurposing as a decommissioning strategy.
Numerical Simulation Study on Coupled Heat Transfer During the Heating Process of Hot Isostatic Pressing Equipment
Authors: Lida Che , Yuqi Feng , Jie Zhao , Xiangyang Li
Published: August 2024

Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) technology is currently the primary process for manufacturing high-performance advanced materials, powder metallurgy, and diffusion bonding. With the increasing demand for enhanced material performance and a wider range of materials, the HIP process now requires reaching temperatures of up to 2000 °C and pressures of 200 MPa, with a temperature range of less than ±5 °C. This presents significant challenges in equipment design. This article utilizes engineering data inversion methods to accurately determine material parameters under high temperatures and establishes a visual simulation model for the core area of HIP equipment. By comparing the calculated temperatures with actual equipment temperature uniformity during experimental processes, the study found that after 120 min of heating, the simulated temperature in the working area closely matched the actual engineering temperature of 2105.36 K, with an error of less than 5%. Under empty furnace conditions, the minimum temperature difference in the working area is 12 K, and effective temperature uniformity can be easily achieved through insulation. Simulation results indicated that the processed product may decrease temperature uniformity in the furnace, suggesting that adding bottom insulation could increase temperature uniformity in the effective heat zone by 25%. This research provides a theoretical foundation for HIP equipment design and process optimization through simulation, ultimately enhancing process quality in a cost-effective and cost-efficient manner.
Study of selected mild steels for application in vacuum systems of future gravitational wave detectors
Authors: Scarcia Carlo , Bregliozzi Giuseppe , Chiggiato Paolo , Ingrid Michet Alice , Perez Fontenla Ana Teresa , Rimoldi Martino , Taborelli Mauro , Wevers Ivo
Published: August 2024

Next-generation gravitational wave detectors (GWDs) like the Cosmic Explorer and Einstein Telescope require extensive vacuum tubing, necessitating cost-effective materials. This study explores the viability of mild steel as an alternative to austenitic stainless steel for ultrahigh vacuum beampipes, focusing on outgassing rates and surface chemistry after low-temperature bakeouts. Mild steels exhibit significantly lower hydrogen outgassing rates, below 10−14 mbar l s−1 cm−2 after bakeouts at 80 °C for 48 h. While water vapor is the primary residual gas after such low-temperature bakeouts, repeated treatments reduce its outgassing rate and modify surface conditions so that such benefit is preserved after at least six months of exposure to laboratory air. These findings position mild steel as an economical and efficient material for future GWD beampipes.
Axo-axonic synaptic input drives homeostatic plasticity by tuning the axon initial segment structurally and functionally
Authors: Zhao Rui , Ren Baihui , Xiao Yujie , Tian Jifeng , Zou Yi , Wei Jiafan , Qi Yanqing , Hu Ankang , Xie Xiaoying , Huang Z. Josh , Shu Yousheng , He Miao , Lu Jiangteng , Tai Yilin
Published: August 2024

Homeostatic plasticity maintains the stability of functional brain networks. The axon initial segment (AIS), where action potentials start, undergoes dynamic adjustment to exert powerful control over neuronal firing properties in response to network activity changes. However, it is poorly understood whether this plasticity involves direct synaptic input to the AIS. Here, we show that changes of GABAergic synaptic input from chandelier cells (ChCs) drive homeostatic tuning of the AIS of principal neurons (PNs) in the prelimbic (PL) region, while those from parvalbumin-positive basket cells do not. This tuning is evident in AIS morphology, voltage-gated sodium channel expression, and PN excitability. Moreover, the impact of this homeostatic plasticity can be reflected in animal behavior. Social behavior, inversely linked to PL PN activity, shows time-dependent alterations tightly coupled to changes in AIS plasticity and PN excitability. Thus, AIS-originated homeostatic plasticity in PNs may counteract deficits elicited by imbalanced ChC presynaptic input at cellular and behavioral levels.
Dentate gyrus ensembles gate context-dependent neural states and memory retrieval
Authors: Coelho Cesar A.O. , Mocle Andrew J. , Jacob Alex D. , Ramsaran Adam I. , Rashid Asim J. , Köhler Stefan , Josselyn Sheena A. , Frankland Paul W.
Published: August 2024

Memories of events are linked to the contexts in which they were encoded. This contextual linking ensures enhanced access to those memories that are most relevant to the context at hand, including specific associations that were previously learned in that context. This principle, referred to as encoding specificity, predicts that context-specific neural states should bias retrieval of particular associations over others, potentially allowing for the disambiguation of retrieval cues that may have multiple associations or meanings. Using a context-odor paired associate learning paradigm in mice, here, we show that chemogenetic manipulation of dentate gyrus ensembles corresponding to specific contexts reinstates context-specific neural states in downstream CA1 and biases retrieval toward context-specific associations.
Opa1 processing is dispensable in mouse development but is protective in mitochondrial cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ahola Sofia , Pazurek Lilli A. , Mayer Fiona , Lampe Philipp , Hermans Steffen , Becker Lore , Amarie Oana V , Fuchs Helmut , Gailus-Durner Valerie , de Angelis Martin Hrabe , Riedel Dietmar , Nolte Hendrik , Langer Thomas
Published: August 2024

Mitochondrial fusion and fission accompany adaptive responses to stress and altered metabolic demands. Inner membrane fusion and cristae morphogenesis depends on optic atrophy 1 (Opa1), which is expressed in different isoforms and is cleaved from a membrane-bound, long to a soluble, short form. Here, we have analyzed the physiological role of Opa1 isoforms and Opa1 processing by generating mouse lines expressing only one cleavable Opa1 isoform or a non-cleavable variant thereof. Our results show that expression of a single cleavable or non-cleavable Opa1 isoform preserves embryonic development and the health of adult mice. Opa1 processing is dispensable under metabolic and thermal stress but prolongs life span and protects against mitochondrial cardiomyopathy in OXPHOS-deficient
Cox10
−/−
mice. Mechanistically, loss of Opa1 processing disturbs the balance between mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy, suppressing cardiac hypertrophic growth in
Cox10
−/−
hearts. Our results highlight the critical regulatory role of Opa1 processing, mitochondrial dynamics, and metabolism for cardiac hypertrophy.