bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Fluctuations of National Help-Seeking Reports for Domestic Violence Before, During, and After the Financial Crisis in Cyprus
Authors: Kyriakidou Marilena , Zalaf Alexia , Christophorou Stephanie , Ruiz-Garcia Ariel , Valanides Constantinos
Published: April 2019

Although many studies generally agree that unemployment may affect domestic violence, little is known about these effects in small nations. The relationship between unemployment and domestic violence in large and small nations may be different. This is because small nations have more expensive public sectors and limited employment opportunities in comparison with larger nations. We examined how longitudinal rates of national help-seeking domestic violence contacts (DVCs) from the only nongovernmental domestic violence support agency in Cyprus (a small nation) fluctuated in relation to national unemployment data between 1996 and 2016. This period included an economic crisis which commenced in 2011 and showed signs of recovery in 2015. We analyzed whether the fluctuations in unemployment registrations could predict changes in DVCs. Our analysis included 5,103,120 unemployment registrations and 21,774 DVCs. Findings supported our hypothesis and revealed unemployment predicted and correlated with DVCs. There were significant changes to DVCs when Cyprus plunged into economic crisis, meaning that when unemployment increased, DVCs also increased. Cyprus does not deviate from larger societies in help-seeking behavior in the form of people contacting a national helpline when exposed to economic crises. This study provides evidence of the link between economic hardship and increased help-seeking behaviors in small nations. Societies at risk of an economic crisis need to consider the potential impact on domestic violence rates and on demand for support services.
The Relationship Between Exposure to Violence in the Family of Origin During Childhood, Psychological Distress, and Perpetrating Violence in Intimate Relationships Among Male University Students
Authors: Haj-Yahia Muhammad M. , Sousa Cindy A. , Lugassi Ranit
Published: April 2019

Witnessing or experiencing violence early in childhood is a significant risk factor for later perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) by men against women. Despite a large body of research on the topic, there is a need for more specific information about how differing patterns of family violence might pose distinct risks of later mental health problems and violence perpetration. Using a self-administered questionnaire, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 745 male university students in Israel (age = 21-43, M = 25.56, SD = 3.172) to examine the effects of their exposure to family violence (i.e., parent-to-child psychological aggression [PA] and physical violence [PV] and witnessing interparental PA and PV) on their use of IPV. This study also examined whether psychological distress mediates the relationship between family violence exposure (witnessing or experiencing) and later IPV perpetration. Results indicate that experiencing PA and PV in childhood and current psychological distress predict significantly current IPV perpetration. Results also revealed that psychological distress mediates only the relations between participants experiencing parental violence and their PA against intimate partners. However, results showed that higher rates of participants witnessing interparental violence correlate significantly with lower rates of their PV against intimate partners; this relationship was not mediated by their psychological distress. It was also found that experiencing parental violence has significant direct and indirect positive effect on participants’ PV against intimate partners. The limitations of the study and the implications of its results are discussed.
Research on the bionic design of the middle trough of a scraper conveyor based on the finite element method
Authors: Li Bo , Wang Xuewen , Xia Rui , Yang Zhaojian , Liu Yu , Li Tiejun
Published: April 2019

Working life of the middle trough is an important indicator of the scraper conveyor. Improving the wear resistance of the middle trough can effectively prolong the service life. Based on the nonsmooth wear-resistant theory, the bionic optimization of the middle trough was carried out by designing the pits on the surface of the middle plate. The orthogonal test design of L9 (34) four factors and three levels was used. The structural static analysis and frictional contact analysis of the original middle trough sample and nine groups of the bionic middle trough samples were carried out respectively, and the simulation results were compared. Results showed that the pits had stress slow-release effect, torque effect, edge strengthening effect, and the function of collecting wear debris. So the pits could reduce fatigue wear, abrasive wear, impact wear, adhesive wear, thermal fatigue, and thermal wear on the middle trough. Then, the influence of pits' parameters on the wear resistance of the nonsmooth surface was studied by the contact analysis of the rectangular blocks. Results showed that the surface of the pit was easily deformed to produce more compressive and bending strain energy. The pits had the effect of releasing stress thus improving the wear resistance of the nonsmooth surface. At the same time, with the increase of the length and spacing of the pits, the wear resistance of the nonsmooth surface increased first and then decreased. There was an optimal value as the length of the pit was 2 mm and spacing was 9 mm. With the increase of the pit depth, the wear resistance of the nonsmooth surface increased gradually.
Doppler distortion elimination using short-time sparse singular value decomposition strategy for wayside acoustic source fault diagnosis
Authors: Ouyang Kesai , Xiong Wei , Liu Guoqiang , He Qingbo
Published: April 2019

With the rapid development of transportation, wayside condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of key acoustic sources has attracted considerable attentions because of low cost and high efficiency. However, serious Doppler distortion exists in the wayside acquired signals when the monitored moving source passes by the system at high velocity, which makes it difficult for condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. This paper presents a novel method involving short-time sparse singular value decomposition to eliminate Doppler distortion in the wayside acquired signals based on a microphone array. The procedure of the proposed short-time sparse singular value decomposition is performed as follows. First, the Doppler distorted array signals are decomposed into a series of array segments by a sliding window with a proper window length. Afterwards, the time-varying direction of arrival of the corresponding array segments is acquired by individual sparse singular value decomposition. Then the fitting time-varying directions of arrival and time-domain interpolation resampling are employed to correct the Doppler distorted signals for recovering the objective characteristic frequency. Simulation analysis has validated that under heavy background noise situation, better localization accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed short-time sparse singular value decomposition could be achieved in comparison with other strategies like short-time multiple signal classification. Besides, the real data cases have verified the effectiveness of the proposed method, which shows great potential applications in wayside condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system for moving vehicles, trains, planes, etc.
Experimental validation of variance estimation in the statistical energy analysis of a structural-acoustic system
Authors: Andrade Luis , Langley Robin S , Butlin Tore , de Brett Matthew , Nielsen Ole M
Published: April 2019

The Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) approach has largely been used in vibro-acoustic modelling to predict the averaged energy in coupled vibrating structures and acoustic cavities. The average is performed over an ensemble of nominally identical built-up systems where random responses are observed at high frequencies after excitation. Over the years, this approach has been extended to predict the energy variance employing the statistics of the Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble, and numerical and experimental evidence has supported the predictions of the mean and variance of energy of coupled vibrating structures. However, little experimental evidence is found to validate the prediction of the variance of energy in coupled structural-acoustic systems. In this work, the mean and variance of energies predicted from a statistical energy analysis model have been validated with experimental measurements on a structural-acoustic system, comprised by a flat thin plate coupled to an enclosed acoustic volume. The structural system has been randomised by adding small masses on arbitrary positions on the plate, whereas the randomisation of the acoustic cavity is achieved by allocating rigid baffles in random positions within the acoustic volume. In general, good agreement is found between the predictions of the model and the experimental results.
Flow loss analysis of a two-stage axially split centrifugal pump with double inlet under different channel designs
Authors: Koranteng Osman Majeed , Wang Wenjie , Yuan Jianping , Zhao Jiantao , Wang Yiyun , Liu Jun
Published: April 2019

The double-stage axially split centrifugal pump is widely used in water diversion and water pumping stations due to their ability to deliver at high heads and large flow rate for long running hours. Their flow characteristics can be greatly influenced by the geometry of the channels between the stages, which is a prominent place for irreversible loss to occur. Numerical investigations were extensively carried out and a comparison was drawn between two multistage axially split centrifugal pumps, with different channel designs between its stages. The reliability of the numerical model was confirmed after a good agreement existed between numerical results and the experiments. Subsequently, entropy generation terms were used to evaluate turbulence dissipation to characterize the flow losses. The modified channels had a great effect on reducing swirl near the impeller eye, thereby improving pump head by 12.5% and efficiency by 4.98% at the design condition. They however induced flow impact, causing an unusual separation, which generated high turbulence dissipation at the blade surfaces. The channels and second stage impeller were identified as major areas for selective optimization since their turbulence dissipation was dominant. Consequently, entropy production analysis with computational fluid dynamics could be relied upon to reveal the loss locations for selective optimization in centrifugal pumps.
Monthly electricity demand forecasting using empirical mode decomposition-based state space model
Authors: Hu Zhineng , Ma Jing , Yang Liangwei , Yao Liming , Pang Meng
Published: April 2019

Guaranteeing stable electricity demand forecasting is paramount for the conservation of material resources. However, because electricity consumption data are often made up of complex and unstable series, it is very hard for a simple single method to always obtain accurate predictions. To improve electricity demand forecasting robustness and accuracy, a hybrid empirical mode decomposition and state space model are proposed, for which the empirical mode decomposition is applied to decompose the total time series (noise filtering), and the state space model is employed to forecast every sub-series (feature extraction), with the state space model parameters being optimized using maximum likelihood via a Kalman filter. Compared with autoregressive integrated moving average model and artificial neural networks, the proposed model had more stable and accurate forecasting. This method could be broadly applied to not only forecast electricity demand, being a key step for developing electricity generation plans and formulating energy policy, but also forecast any similar time series data with noise and substantive latent features, making a new step toward solving such a problem.
Stewardship Theory: Realism, Relevance, and Family Firm Governance
Authors: Chrisman James J.
Published: April 2019

Stewardship theory is a popular alternative to agency theory for studying family firm governance. Despite its contributions to management and family business studies, stewardship theory’s assumptions limit its realism and relevance. Using agency theory as a standard of comparison, I discuss stewardship theory’s model of man and its assumptions concerning goal alignment and control systems. I also discuss stewardship theory’s lack of assumptions about bounded rationality and pre-employment situations since the neglect of those issues reduce its realism and relevance. Based on this discussion, I argue that to increase its realism and relevance, stewardship theory’s assumptions should be revised.
A Deeper Malaise: Rejoinder to “The Menace of Misinformation: Faculty Misstatements in Management Education and Their Consequences”
Authors: Fellenz Martin R.
Published: April 2019

Giacalone and Promislo’s essay on the menace of misinformation usefully discusses problems arising from faculty misstatements. However, it falls short of identifying a deeper malaise in management education where a lack of critical and reflexive consideration of the nature of truth and the use of empirical facts; of the role of values and ideologies; and of the nature and objectives of management education leads to an impoverished educational practice that does not empower but instead limits learners. Successful management education that unequivocally and uncompromisingly places the learner’s independence, self-responsibility, and self-formation at its heart will have little to fear from the unintended mistakes and the unavoidable misinformation that will always be part of any educational practice.
Posthuman Phenomenologies: Performance Philosophy, Non-Human Animals, and the Landscape
Authors: Lewis Tyson E. , Owen James
Published: April 2019

Western philosophical traditions have been haunted by an intellectualist thesis supported by two foundational assumptions: first, that humans can be defined in virtue of their minds, and second, that having a mind separates humans from non-human animals. Many phenomenologists have complicated this thesis, but there is nevertheless a tendency in phenomenology to remain fully within a human-centric research paradigm. This article will explore the possibilities of a posthuman phenomenology for unsettling this human-centeredness and suggest that certain forms of performance philosophy are the most effective methods for investigating this new terrain.
The Role of Training and Work-Related Injury on Home Health Workers’ Job Satisfaction: Analysis of the National Home and Hospice Care Survey
Authors: Hamadi Hanadi , Probst Janice C. , Khan M. Mahmud , Tafili Aurora
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study was to describe personal, job, agency, environmental, and ergonomic factors that affect job satisfaction among home health workers (HHWs). A cross-sectional design was conducted, and data from the National Home and Hospice Care Survey ( N = 3,274) were analyzed using a multilevel structural equation model (generalized structural equation model). HHWs with excellent training knowledge were about 1.5 times more likely to report a higher degree of job satisfaction compared with those with poor training knowledge, and those who reported a work-related injury were 66% more likely to report lower job satisfaction score. Job satisfaction is associated with work environment, leadership support, and work-related training. Future research and a follow-up survey are needed to understand HHWs’ workforce and be better positioned to meet their need so that they may meet the need of the aging population.
Using Collaborative Coalition Processes to Advance Community Health, Well-Being, and Equity: A Multiple–Case Study Analysis From a National Community Transformation Initiative
Authors: Reid Amy , Abraczinskas Michelle , Scott Victoria , Stanzler Morgen , Parry Gareth , Scaccia Jonathan , Wandersman Abe , Ramaswamy Rohit
Published: April 2019

Spreading Community Accelerators Through Learning and Evaluation (SCALE) was a Robert Wood Johnson Foundation–funded initiative from 2015 to 2017 to build capability of 24 community coalitions to advance health, well-being, and equity. The SCALE theory of change had three components: develop leadership capability, build relationships within and between communities, and create an intercommunity system to spread promising ideas. The theory was operationalized through training academies, coaching, and peer-to-peer learning that explicitly addressed equity and systems change. In this article, we describe how SCALE facilitated community transformation related to Collaborating for Equity and Justice Principles 1, 3, 4, and 6. We conducted a multiple–case study approach with two community coalitions including site visits, interviews, and observation to illuminate underlying mechanisms of change by exploring how and why change occurs. Skid Row Women worked with women experiencing homelessness in Los Angeles to address diabetes and food systems. Healthy Livable Communities of Cattaraugus County used a portfolio of projects in order to create system changes to improve population health and increase access to services for people with disabilities in rural New York State. Through our analysis, we describe how two coalitions used SCALE tools for collaborative coalition processes such as aim setting, relationship building, and shared decision making with community residents. Our findings suggest that advancing Collaborating for Equity and Justice principles requires self-reflection and courage; new ways of being in relationship; learning from failure; productive conflict to explicitly address power, racism, and other forms of oppression; and methods to test systems improvement ideas.
The Breast-Cancer Education and Wellness (BE Well) Intervention: Congregants’ Intended Participation, Actual Participation, and Perceived Health Outcomes
Authors: Augustin Angel , Ralston Penny A. , Young-Clark Iris , Coccia Catherine C.
Published: April 2019

Objective. To evaluate a health leader–focused church-based breast cancer prevention intervention in relation to congregants’ intended participation, congregants’ actual participation, and perceived health outcomes at both individual and church levels using socio-ecological and theory of planned behavior frameworks. Method. Participants for the study were African American adults ( n = 52) from six churches in a North Florida county involved in implementing the 9-month, three-phase intervention. Using a pre/post without comparison group design, data were collected via self-administered surveys and analyzed using qualitative and quantitative (descriptive, analysis of variance, linear regression) procedures. Results. There was general alignment between congregants’ intended and actual participation when analyzed by content, especially in the areas of food and nutrition and health education. Regarding the number of intended versus actual activities, there was a significant, negative change in physical activity, a slight decline in health education activities, but a slight increase in food and nutrition activities. No significant relationships were found between extent of participation and the individual health outcomes (health ratings, health status), but significant relationships were found between extent of participation and church health outcomes (perceived role of church in improving health, p < .001; perceived role of the pastor in improving health, p < .001). Conclusions. The findings demonstrate that (1) congregants may follow through and participate in church-based health activities in which they express interest and that are made available and (2) the extent of their participation may be influenced by the perceived role of both the church and the pastor in improving their health.
Association of DRD2, 5-HTTLPR, and 5-HTTVNTR Gene Polymorphisms With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Tibetan Adolescents: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Xiao Yingqi , Liu Donglin , Liu Kun , Wu Chenxi , Zhang Huaguo , Niu Ying , Jiang Xiaolian
Published: April 2019

Background:

Earthquake exposure is a source of stress, yet only a minority of survivors experience clinically meaningful disturbance in psychological function. Genetic epidemiological research has found that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are associated with genetic factors. Further research to reveal which genetic loci relate to the development of PTSD is warranted.

Method:

We investigated the relationships between PTSD and the dopamine D2 receptor ( DRD2) gene Taq I polymorphism and the serotonin transporter gene ( SCL6A4) polymorphisms 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and 5-HTTVNTR in 565 adolescent earthquake survivors. PTSD-positive adolescents were identified using the PTSD Checklist–Civilian Version and the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4. Genotypes were analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction—restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The Pearson χ2 test was used to investigate the differences in genotype and allele frequencies between case and control groups. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify possible influencing factors for PTSD.

Results:

The DRD2 Taq I and 5-HTTVNTR polymorphisms had statistically significant effects on PTSD, while 5-HTTLPR did not. Specifically, the DRD2 Taq I A1 allele was highly positively correlated with PTSD, whereas the 10 allele of 5-HTTVNTR was negatively correlated.

Conclusions:

These data suggest that the DRD2 Taq I and 5-HTTVNTR genotypes moderate sensitivity to stress and the expression of emotional disturbance involving PTSD symptoms. These findings have important implications for PTSD etiology as well as for both primary prevention and treatment strategies.
Variations in Genes Related to Sleep Patterns in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Johansson Ann E. E. , Dorman Janice S. , Chasens Eileen R. , Feeley Christine A. , Devlin Bernie
Published: April 2019

Background:

Sleep disturbance is a frequent comorbidity in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), affecting an estimated 40–80% of cases. Previous reports have shown relationships between several circadian rhythm–related genes and sleep problems in ASD. The purpose of the present study was to relate variation in and around melatonin synthesis and suprachiasmatic nucleus genes to sleep problems in a large sample of children with ASD.

Method:

This secondary analysis used existing genotypic and phenotypic data for 2,065 children, aged 4–18 years, from the Simons Simplex Collection (SSC). Sleep problems were measured with the SSC Sleep Interview. Expression quantitative trait loci and single nucleotide polymorphisms in 25 circadian genes were chosen primarily for their impact on expression levels of target genes in the brain. Associations between variants and composite sleep problems, nighttime problems, daytime problems, and sleep duration problems were calculated using logistic regression analysis. Age, sex, nonverbal IQ, ASD severity, gastrointestinal distress, seizures, and ancestry were included as covariates. Transmission disequilibrium tests were performed to test for overtransmission of alleles in the same variants.

Results:

No significant associations or transmission disequilibrium were found between gene variants and sleep problems in this sample of children with ASD.

Conclusion:

Variation in expression of investigated genes in the melatonin synthesis and suprachiasmatic nucleus pathways did not have notable impacts on sleep problems in this large sample of children with ASD. Future research could explore translational and posttranslational effects of these genes or the effects of genes in other sleep-homeostasis pathways on sleep patterns.
Intracranial arterial wall imaging: Techniques, clinical applicability, and future perspectives
Authors: Arenillas Juan F , Dieleman Nikki , Bos Daniel
Published: April 2019

Purpose

To review the current state of the art and future development of intracranial vessel wall imaging.

Methods

Recent literature review and expert opinion about intracranial arterial wall imaging.

Results

Intracranial large artery diseases represent an important cause of stroke and vascular cognitive impairment worldwide. Our traditional understanding of intracranial large artery diseases is based on the observation of luminal narrowing or occlusion with angiographic or ultrasound techniques. Recently, novel imaging techniques have made the intracranial artery wall accessible for noninvasive visualization. The main advantage of vessel-wall imaging as compared to conventional imaging techniques for visualization of intracranial arteries is the ability to detect vessel wall changes even before they get to cause any significant luminal stenosis. This diagnostic capacity is provoking a revolutionary change in the way we see the intracranial circulation. In this article, we will review the current state of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography-based intracranial arterial wall imaging, focusing on technical considerations and their clinical applicability. Moreover, we will provide the readers with our vision on the future development of vessel-wall imaging techniques.

Conclusion

Intracranial arterial wall imaging methods are gaining increasing potential to impact the diagnosis and treatment of patients with cerebrovascular diseases.
The (In)visibility of Groomed Ski Runs
Authors: Harrison William J.
Published: April 2019

I analyse the visibility of “groomed” ski runs under different lighting conditions. A model of human contrast sensitivity predicts that the spatial period of groomed snow may render it invisible in the shade or on overcast days. I confirm this prediction with visual demonstrations and make a suggestion to improve visibility.
Effects of Changes in Background Colour on the Identification of Own- and Other-Race Faces
Authors: Havard Catriona , Richter Stephanie , Thirkettle Martin
Published: April 2019

The current study investigated whether small differences in the background colours between the lineup members would influence identification accuracy of own-race and other-race faces. Using the well-established 1-in-10 paradigm, half of the array faces had exactly the same backgrounds, and half were on backgrounds of slightly different hues of green. For target present arrays, participants were more accurate at identifying own-race faces when compared with the other-race faces when all backgrounds were the same. However, when backgrounds had slightly different hues, there was no difference in how accurate people were at identifying faces from both races. For target absent arrays, participants were more likely to incorrectly choose a face if the backgrounds were not all the same, regardless of the race of faces. Real-world implications from these findings are that using lineups where the backgrounds are slightly different hues may increase the likelihood of the false identification of innocent suspects.
European Society for the Study of Coeliac Disease (ESsCD) guideline for coeliac disease and other gluten‐related disorders
Authors: Al-Toma Abdulbaqi , Volta Umberto , Auricchio Renata , Castillejo Gemma , Sanders David S , Cellier Christophe , Mulder Chris J , Lundin Knut E A
Published: April 2019

This guideline presents recommendations for the management of coeliac disease (CD) and other gluten‐related disorders both in adults and children. There has been a substantial increase in the prevalence of CD over the last 50 years and many patients remain undiagnosed. Diagnostic testing, including serology and biopsy, should be performed on a gluten‐containing diet. The diagnosis of CD is based on a combination of clinical, serological and histopathological data. In a group of children the diagnosis may be made without biopsy if strict criteria are available. The treatment for CD is primarily a gluten‐free diet (GFD), which requires significant patient education, motivation and follow‐up. Slow‐responsiveness occurs frequently, particularly in those diagnosed in adulthood. Persistent or recurring symptoms necessitate a review of the original diagnosis, exclude alternative diagnoses, confirm dietary adherence (dietary review and serology) and follow‐up biopsy. In addition, evaluation to exclude complications of CD, such as refractory CD or lymphoma, should be performed. The guideline also deals with other gluten‐related disorders, such as dermatitis herpetiformis, which is a cutaneous manifestation of CD characterized by granular IgA deposits in the dermal papillae. The skin lesions clear with gluten withdrawal. Also, less well‐defined conditions such as non‐coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) and gluten‐sensitive neurological manifestations, such as ataxia, have been addressed. Newer therapeutic modalities for CD are being studied in clinical trials but are not yet approved for use in practice.
Cell phone use predicts being an “active couch potato”: results from a cross-sectional survey of sufficiently active college students
Authors: Lepp Andrew , Barkley Jacob E.
Published: April 2019

Objective

“Active couch potato” describes an individual who is sufficiently physically active yet highly sedentary. Cell phones promote activities understood as sedentary behaviors (e.g. watching videos). Research demonstrates that cell phone use is positively associated with sedentary behavior. Although sedentary behavior typically displaces physical activity, no relationship between cell phone use and physical activity has been found. Thus, it is possible that some sufficiently active individuals are also high-frequency cell phone users and therefore highly sedentary. In other words, cell phone use may predict being an “active couch potato” among active people. Testing this hypothesis was the purpose of this study. “Active couch potatoes” are of concern as the negative effects of excessive sedentary behavior are independent of the benefits of physical activity.

Methods

College students (228) completed validated surveys assessing physical activity, sedentary behavior, and cell phone use. Using a previously validated method, participants were rated as sufficiently active or not based upon their physical activity survey score. Participants who were not sufficiently active were excluded from further analysis resulting in a final sample of 171. These sufficiently active individuals were categorized as “active couch potatoes” if they were also highly sedentary (i.e. sitting for eight or more hours/day). Logistic regression determined if cell phone use predicted being categorized as an “active couch potato.”

Results

Cell phone use was a significant, positive predictor of being an “active couch potato.” With each additional hour of daily cell phone use, the odds of becoming an “active couch potato” increased by 11.4% (Wald = 5.934, P = 0.015, Exp(B) = 1.114). On average, active couch potatoes used their cell phone 1.7 hours more each day than their sufficiently active but not overly sedentary peers.

Conclusion

Increased cell phone use was a significant predictor of being an “active couch potato.” Explanations and implications are discussed.
Residents’ Support for Sports Events Tourism Development in Beach City: The Role of Community’s Participation and Tourism Impacts
Authors: Boonsiritomachai Waranpong , Phonthanukitithaworn Chanchai
Published: April 2019

This study aims to explore community participation in shaping their support for the development of sports events tourism. As a part of this investigation, the factors affecting local residents’ support of the development of sports events tourism was explored using the triple-bottom-line approach for tourism impacts, thus focusing on socio-cultural, economic, and environmental factors. According to the theoretical framework adopted in this work, residential participation influences their perceptions of tourism impacts and in turn their support for tourism development. This assertion was tested through a survey of Bangsaen residents, as this beach city in Chonburi is a major tourist destination in Thailand. The survey data were subjected to structural equation modelling, revealing that all factors comprising the triple-bottom-line approach exert direct impact on the residents’ support for sports events tourism development, which is unaffected by community participation. These findings can provide local authorities, developers, and organizers with guidelines on how to improve local residents’ support for sports events tourism.
Measurement Model for Students’ Ethnic Identity, National Identity, and Perception of Social Mobility in China: Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses
Authors: Yuan Zhenjie , Li Xia
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and construct validity of the Ethnic Identity, National Identity, and Perception of Social Mobility Scale in China. The data for this study were collected in 2014 and 2016, from one middle school in China. The school deployed a Chinese ethnic minority education policy, aimed at cultivating youth elites who uphold the Chinese government. The educational process involved significant interventions in the students’ identity building and their perception of social mobility. The total sample of 338 students was recruited in 2014 for exploratory factor analysis (EFA), while 609 students were recruited in the same school in 2016 for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). EFA was first used to devise an optimal structure. The results of EFAs supported a two-factor solution to ethnic identity: commitment and exploration; a three-factor solution for national identity: commitment, exploration, and behavioral involvement; and a three-factor solution for perception of social mobility: sense of being elite, perception of social status, and educational attainment. The second step was to confirm the structure, using CFA methods. CFA showed that the eight-factor model for Ethnic Identity, National Identity, and Perception of Social Mobility Scale provides a good fit for the data. These findings shed light on a combined way of approaching the relationship between identity building and social mobility within the educational sectors of a multi-ethnic society. Based on a Chinese context, this study offers a situated and contextualized quantitative approach to examining the Chinese state’s efforts toward identity building and promoting upward social mobility within the educational sector. Future research and the potential limitations of the study are discussed.
The neoliberal policy experimentation on carbon emission trading in China
Authors: Lo Alex Y , Chen Kang , Ka-yin Lee Anna , Qianqing Mai Lindsay
Published: April 2019

China’s emission trading schemes are introduced as a prelude to a nationwide scheme. They allow authoritarian centralized control to strengthen, while making room for decentralization and business engagement. This article explores a mechanism that accommodates these contradictions. Our objective is to elaborate on the dynamic between centralizing and decentralizing forces. In China, the ongoing process of neoliberalizing climate change policies is organized around an institutionalized practice of policy experimentation. This practice has created conditions for stabilizing the existing structure of hierarchy. Primarily based on semi-structured interviews, our analysis reveals a number of system vulnerabilities linked to the uncertain and fragmented carbon markets, policies, and institutions. They problematize existing practices and allow the state to negotiate priorities and relations of power across scale. Pragmatic considerations about feasible solutions legitimize further intervention by the state and centrally coordinated policy measures. Key system vulnerabilities and the prospects for national-level action put these local policy experiments under a shadow of hierarchy. This article discusses one way in which local policy initiatives gain legitimacy while reinforcing hierarchical control. It advances the knowledge about China’s attempt to neoliberalize its climate change policies.
Out from the shadows? Voluntary organisations and the assembled state
Authors: Baker Tom , McGuirk Pauline
Published: April 2019

As literature on the ‘shadow state’ shows, the voluntary sector has long served as a necessary conduit through which states orchestrate the governance of various populations. However, relatively little is known about the active role that voluntary organisations play in shaping and mobilising the capacities of the state to advance their own projects and interests. We draw out aspects of post-structural theories of the state, and particularly assemblage thinking, that provide the conceptual and analytical tools with which to explore how voluntary organisations may exceed their common positioning as co-opted by, and subservient to, the state. Through empirical research on homelessness policy development in Australia, we show how locally embedded voluntary organisations in Australia and the United States acted strategically and engaged transnationally – through material practices and multi-sited labours – to create opportunities to shape formal state agenda at national and sub-national levels. The activities and influence of these voluntary organisations are illustrative of the assembled nature of state capacity.
Using Telehealth and Expert Coaching to Support Early Childhood Special Education Parent-Implemented Assessment and Intervention Procedures
Authors: Hoffmann Audrey N. , Bogoev Bistra K. , Sellers Tyra P.
Published: April 2019

Researchers and clinicians have successfully demonstrated the use of telehealth in supporting parents to conduct functional analyses (FAs) and subsequent functional communication training (FCT). We replicated and extended previous research by utilizing telehealth to train an existing Early Childhood Special Education (ECSE) Behavior Specialist to support parent implementation of behavioral procedures. Board Certified Behavior Analysts (BCBAs) coached the existing Behavior Specialist via telehealth, who in turn trained and supported parents to conduct FAs and implement FCT in a community clinic. In four children, 3 years of age and younger, the function of challenging behavior was successfully identified according to a multielement research design. Challenging behavior reduced, and the selected appropriate communication response increased for all participants, evaluated using an AB research design. This study provides initial evidence that parents in rural settings can successfully implement assessment and intervention procedures with the support of an existing ECSE Behavior Specialist receiving coaching from BCBAs via telehealth.
Ak-mean characteristic function for optimizing short- and long-term-average-ratio-based detection of microseismic events
Authors: Akram Jubran , Peter Daniel , Eaton David
Published: April 2019

Event detection is an essential component of microseismic data analysis. This process is typically carried out using a short- and long-term-average-ratio (STA/LTA) method, which is simple and computationally efficient but often yields inconsistent results for noisy data sets. We have aimed to optimize the performance of the STA/LTA method by testing different input forms of 3C waveform data and different characteristic functions (CFs), including a proposed [Formula: see text]-mean CF. These tests are evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and are compared based on synthetic and field data examples. Our analysis indicates that the STA/LTA method using a [Formula: see text]-mean CF improves the detection sensitivity and yields more robust event detection on noisy data sets than some previous approaches. In addition, microseismic events are detected efficiently on field data examples using the same detection threshold obtained from the ROC analysis on synthetic data examples. We recommend the use of the Youden index based on ROC analysis using a training subset, extracted from the continuous data, to further improve the detection threshold for field microseismic data.
Perioperative Management of the Pediatric Patient on Medicinal Marijuana: What Anesthesiologists Should Know
Authors: Flannery Kaitlin M. , D’Souza Genevieve , Agarwal Rita
Published: April 2019

In 2018, 29 states allow the use of medicinal marijuana. In these states, minors, with parental permission, are granted access. Use has increased in some states, although there remains a paucity of clear evidence regarding usefulness and dosing. There are 2 Food and Drug Administration–approved synthetic derivatives. One purified compound was just approved by the Food and Drug Administration, and another is undergoing Food and Drug Administration review. This article will review the literature regarding the use of each of these compounds in the literature, with particular attention to data in children. The history, known pharmacology, data from nonmedicinal use, current evidence, and anesthetic considerations will be described.
Normal Saline and Dextrose 5% in Water Do Not Support Bacterial Growth 24 Hours After Being Spiked in the Perioperative Environment
Authors: Baronos Stamatis , Yarmush Joel M. , Stedman Jennifer L. , Kamath Sangeetha , Xavier Camilla , Ahmed Khaja
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND:

The Joint Commission requirement is that the US Pharmacopeia Chapter <797> is followed, which recommends that administration of compounded sterile preparations should begin no later than 1 hour after their preparation. We hypothesized that simply spiking the IV fluid in a nonsterile environment does not pose an increased risk of infection to the patient.

METHODS:

Two 1000-mL bags of IV fluid (normal saline and dextrose 5% in water) were spiked and hung in 5 busy perioperative locations, once a week for a 13-week period. A 10-mL sample was drawn from each bag of IV fluid at time zero and 24 hours resulting in 260 samples in total. All samples were inoculated in 2 separate growth media (sheep’s blood agar and thioglycollate broth). The primary outcome was growth versus no growth in any of the specimens. If any growth was noted, the sample was marked as positive and further testing to identify the organism was undertaken.

RESULTS:

A total of 257 samples (normal saline = 127, dextrose 5% in water = 129) were collected over a period of 13 weeks, yielding 514 specimens. Three samples were excluded from the study secondary to the IV bags being discarded accidentally. No growth was identified in any of the specimens. The 97.5% CIs were as follows: normal saline = 127 (0–0.034) and dextrose 5% in water = 129 (0–0.033), correcting for multiple tests.

CONCLUSIONS:

No bacterial growth was noted in any of the 257 samples collected. Normal saline and dextrose 5% in water do not support bacterial growth 24 hours after their preparation using standard sterile techniques in the perioperative space.
Chemical Hip Denervation for Inoperable Hip Fracture
Authors: Kwun-Tung Ng Tony , Chan Wing-Sang , Peng Philip W. H. , Sham Penelope , Sasaki Sumire , Tsui Hon-For
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND:

Hip fracture is a challenging geriatric problem for the health care professionals, especially in patients with multiple comorbidities. In patients with inoperable hip fracture secondary to severe comorbid conditions, the pain can lead to significant challenges in nursing care. With the current understanding of the innervation of hip joint, we are now able to perform selective chemical denervation of the articular branches of femoral and obturator nerves to manage the pain associated with inoperable hip fracture.

METHODS:

In this retrospective case series, we analyzed 20 consecutive patients with inoperable hip fracture who received chemical denervation and examined the effect of the denervation on pain and functional outcomes, including the maximally tolerable hip flexion and the ability to sit during their hospital stay. We also assessed the likelihood of being ambulatory as a long-term outcome.

RESULTS:

The movement-related pain was significantly reduced at 10 minutes postprocedure, on postintervention days 1 and 5 (P values of <.001), and the degree of maximally tolerable hip flexion was doubled at the same time points (P values of <.001, .003, and .002, respectively). Fifty percent of the patients managed to sit within the first 5 days after procedure, and 3 of them managed to walk with aid 4 months after hip denervation. No procedural adverse event was noted.

CONCLUSIONS:

We concluded that this chemical hip denervation could be a safe and effective measure to handle the pain-related and rehabilitation-related challenges as a result of inoperable hip fracture.
Novel Use of the PECS II Block in Major Vascular Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Soberón José R. , Endredi Jozsef J. , Doyle Charles , Berceli Scott A.
Published: April 2019

Patients presenting for major vascular surgery are often elderly, medically complex, and at increased risk for general anesthesia–related complications. A search of the published literature produced no citation regarding PECS II block in the setting of extra-anatomic bypass procedures. We present a case report describing the use of the deep injection of the PECS II block in this context. Although further investigation is needed to determine the role of truncal blocks in major vascular surgery, our case illustrates that peripheral nerve blocks, combined with continuous spinal anesthesia, may be used as an alternative to general anesthesia for axillofemoral–femoral bypass.
Carotid Endarterectomy in a Patient With Type 2 Myocardial Infarction During Preparation for Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Landesberg Giora , Salem Ronza , Avraham Eyal , Avidan Alexander , Karmeli Ron
Published: April 2019

We present a patient who was admitted for carotid endarterectomy due to tight carotid stenosis and recent amaurosis fugax. His medical history included significant coronary artery disease with stable angina pectoris, hypertension with wide pulse pressure, chronic renal failure, and anemia. During preparation for surgery, the patient developed type 2 myocardial infarction with prolonged chest pain, ST depressions on electrocardiogram, and significant troponin elevations. The patient posed a serious clinical dilemma whether to continue with surgery despite the type 2 myocardial infarction or postpone the surgery. We discuss the diagnostic tests and the decision-making processes that guided us in the preoperative period.
Postoperative Recurarization in a Pediatric Patient After Sugammadex Reversal of Rocuronium-Induced Neuromuscular Blockade: A Case Report
Authors: Carollo Dominic S. , White William M.
Published: April 2019

We present a case of a pediatric patient who developed recurarization after a cardiac catheterization procedure. Intraoperative neuromuscular blockade was achieved with 2 doses of rocuronium, and the blockade was reversed with a bolus dose of sugammadex at the end of the procedure. While recovering in the pediatric cardiac intensive care unit, the patient developed respiratory failure and a decline in the train-of-four response. The patient fully recovered after receiving a second dose of sugammadex.