bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Studies Funded Under the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act
Authors: Abdel-Rahman Susan M. , Paul Ian M. , Hornik Chi , Sullivan Janice E. , Wade Kelly , Delmore Paula , Sharma Gaurav , Benjamin Daniel K. , Zimmerman Kanecia O.
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act (BPCA) incentivizes the study of on-patent medicines in children and mandates that the National Institutes of Health sponsor research on off-patent drugs important to pediatric therapeutics. Failing to enroll cohorts that reflect the pediatric population at large restricts the generalizability of such studies. In this investigation, we evaluate racial and ethnic minority representation among participants enrolled in BPCA-sponsored studies.

METHODS:

Data were obtained for all participants enrolled in 33 federally funded studies of drugs and devices conducted from 2008 through June 2020. Observed racial and ethnic distributions were compared with expected distributions by sampling Census data at the same geographic frequency as in the studies. Racial and ethnic enrollment was examined by demography, geography, study type, study burden, and expected bias. Standard descriptive statistics, χ2, generalized linear models, and linear regression were applied.

RESULTS:

A total of 10 918 participants (51% male, 6.6 ± 8.2 years) were enrolled across 46 US states and 4 countries. Studies ranged from treatment outcome reviews to randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Minority enrollment was comparable to, or higher than, expected (+0.1% to +2.6%) for all groups except Asian Americans (−3.7%, P < .001). American Indian and Alaskan Native and multiracial enrollment significantly increased over the evaluation period (P < .01). There were no significant differences in racial distribution as a function of age or sex, although differences were observed on the basis of geography, study type, and study burden.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:

This study revealed no evidence of racial and ethnic bias in enrollment for pediatric studies conducted with funding from BPCA, fulfilling the legislation’s expectation to ensure adequate representation of all children.
The Great Town – Man Kermen in The Secret History of the Mongols
Authors: Zimonyi István
Published: April 2021

The city name Man Kermen in The Secret History of the Mongols is identiﬁed with Kiev in the chapters concerning the great western Mongol campaign against Eastern Europe. It is based on the datum of Rashīd al-Dīn: ‘the great city of the Rus, which was called Man-Kermen.’ It is beyond doubt that the Cumans called Kiev as Man Kermen meaning Great Town in Turkic as the spiritual and ecclesiastic center of Kievan Rus. However, there is another possibility. The capital of the Volga Bulghars in the ﬁrst decades of the 13th century has been excavated near to village Biljarsk. It is called by the contemporary sources as Velikij Gorod in the Russian annals, magna civitas in the work of the Hungarian friar, Julian both meaning Great Town.
NVSR 70-6. Declines in Infant Mortality in Appalachia and the Delta, 1995-1996 and 2017-2018
Authors: Driscoll Anne , Ely Danielle
Published: April 2021

This report examines infant mortality trends in each region, Appalachia, the Delta, and the rest of the United States, and compares the pattern and magnitude of change between both Appalachia and the Delta with the rest of the United States.
Legal Adaptation in the Context of the Impact of the Industrial Revolution on Business Activity and the Key Components of the Ecosystem
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Inshakova Agnessa
Published: April 2021

The paper is an overview of the themes selected for the main topic of the issue, their relevance and the validity of the research conducted in the journal for the legislation and law enforcement practice in the context of the industrial revolution and the need for greening modern business. In addition, the author explains the editorial board’s choice of the main topic of the next issue of the legal journal of Volgograd State University “LegalConcept = Legal paradigm” under the title “The right to protect human health and an environmentally friendly business environment”. The objective need for the technology development of the intensive involvement of the potential of Russian environmental entrepreneurship in the industrial revolution processes is substantiated. The most important tasks are identified, which are addressed by the developments in the legal regulation of the digitalization processes of environmental entrepreneurship in Russia. The author lists a set of measures that, in the author’s opinion, are of primary importance for ensuring these processes. It is noted that the topic proposed for development is closely related to the formation of scientific and technological foundations that ensure the economic growth and social development of the Russian Federation. The state of scientific and technological progress achieved by modern society is manifested by the widespread use of digital technologies in various areas of production, business management, the provision of services in medicine, the banking sector, and the social sphere. It is proved that comfortable life, the security of the processes through qualitatively new regulatory approaches, the state security, including cybersecurity, overcoming the adverse effects due to natural disasters, as well as the introduction of biotechnology, entailing the appearance of unknown infectious diseases and viruses, preventing man-made disasters – these and many other goals and objectives can’t be achieved now or get a solution without the use of digital information technologies. It is also impossible to ignore the studies of the society and nature interaction, the cross-sectoral impact of modern technology in the field of renewable energy, the turnover of energy resources and energy efficiency improvement on the environment, the life and health of citizens, the public and state institutions designed to participate in the protection of the environment which corresponds to the solution of the specific objectives set in the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation. According to the author, the studies of the dynamics of interaction between the economic and legal institutions in the field of renewable energy development, the turnover of energy resources, and energy efficiency improvement will contribute to the expansion in renewable energy as one of the “green” sectors of the economy.
The Constitutional Problems of the All-Russian Vote
Authors:   Baikal State University, Slobodchikova Svetlana
Published: April 2021

Introduction: the compositional transformation of the domestic legal space requires the creation of clear forms for new constitutional and legal phenomena. The comparison of the all-Russian vote with the existing institutions of direct democracy contributes to its isolation into an independent institution of democracy, in this connection, the author sets the goal of a comparative study of the legal nature of the all-Russian vote as a novel of 2020. Methods: the methodological framework for the study is a set of methods of scientific knowledge, among which the main ones are the comparative legal and formal legal methods. Results: the author’s position grounded in the work is based on the legislation, judicial and law enforcement practice, scientific works in the field of institutions of democracy. On the basis of the conducted analysis, the distinctive parameters of the all-Russian voting, its special legal nature are revealed, and the question of the further legal fate of the new type of voting is raised. Conclusions: as a result of the conducted research, the all-Russian voting is separated from the institutions of direct democracy. The criteria of such separation include: the legal nature; the source of the legal regulation; the essence of a ballot question; the initiator; the procedure; the recognition of the vote as valid. Based on the specified criteria, the all-Russian vote is defined as an independent institution of democracy. It is established that its further existence depends on the constitutionally verified legislative support and the scope of the constitutional reform.
Interpretative Norms: The Concept and Legal Nature
Authors:   Saratov State Law Academy (Balakovo Branch), Terekhov Evgeny
Published: April 2021

Introduction: a legal interpretation activity is an independent type of legal activity. Despite this, its system today is rather poorly studied, which leads to the contradictions in the formation of interpretative practice. One of the elements of the system of legal interpretation activity is interpretative norms, which in legal science have not been distinguished as an independent legal category and have not been comprehensively studied. Purpose: to establish the truth in the issue of distinguishing interpretative norms as an independent legal category. Methods: the methodological framework for the study is a set of methods of scientific knowledge, including consistency, analysis, comparative legal, formal legal. Results: the author’s position grounded in the work is based on the study of the term “interpretative norms”, as well as their comparative analysis with the norms of law to identify the common and individual features. Conclusions: as a result of the conducted research, it is established that interpretative norms should be considered in the legal science as an independent legal category. This is confirmed by the possibility of distinguishing one’s own concept, as well as the presence of an individual legal nature. The current system of Russian law is an interdependent tandem of legal norms and interpretative norms, which interact with each other, allowing the most optimal way to achieve the goals of the legal regulation.
The Fundamentals of Determining the Rental Charge for the State-Owned Real Estate in the Russian Federation
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Vavilova Ekaterina
Published: April 2021

Introduction: the paper discusses the study of the basic principles and methods of determining rental rates for the use of land owned by the state and municipal authorities. Despite the increasing trend of the privatization of state-owned land, its significant proportion is still under the state ownership. In this regard, a significant share of court proceedings in the Arbitration courts falls precisely on those disputes that relate to the determination of the procedure for establishing the rent of state-owned real estate in Russia. In this regard, the author set the goal – to study the problem of establishing the amount of the rent for the land held by tenants for housing after bringing into force Resolution of the Government of the Russian Government No. 582 of July 16, 2009 “On the basic principles of determining the rent for leases of land plots in the state or municipal ownership, and on the Rules for determining the amount of rent and the order of the conditions and terms of payment of rent for land in the ownership of the Russian Federation” (hereinafter – “Resolution No. 582”). Methods: the methodological framework for the study is a set of methods of scientific knowledge, among which the main one is the comparative law method, as well as the methods of systematization and analysis. Results: the author’s position grounded in the work is based on the analysis of the legislation and the opinions of the scientists expressed in the competent scientific community on the issue of establishing the basic rates for renting the state real estate. Conclusions: as a result of the study, the main principles of determining the rates for renting the state-owned real estate, as well as the procedure for determining them, were analyzed. It was established that the amount of rent for land plots that were provided to tenants for housing construction after the entry into force of Resolution No. 582 should not exceed 2 % of the cadastral value of such real estate.
The Division of Jointly Acquired Property of Deceased Spouses in the Event of the Death of One of Them: The Legal Regulation and Law Enforcement Practice
Authors:   Volgograd Institute of Management – Branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Kail Yanina , Usanova Victoria ,   Volgograd Institute of Management – Branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: April 2021

Introduction: the study of the division of jointly acquired property of spouses and inheritance of property has always been given special attention by the scientists and practitioners. Quite a lot of works are devoted to this area of legal relations. However, it is not so variable and depends on the intricacies of life that there are constantly many issues that require special research and improvement of the legal regulation. The division of jointly acquired property by the spouses at the dissolution of the marriage is regulated by the norms of family law, as well as civil law in the event of the death of one of the former spouses, who do not fully correspond to each other. In this regard, today citizens often face the problems of protecting their property rights. The purpose of the research: to reveal some aspects of the legal regulation and law enforcement practice of protecting the rights of former spouses in the division of jointly acquired property in the event of the death of one of them, and to offer suggestions to help improve the relevant rules. Methods: the methods of scientific cognition are applied together, among which the main ones are the formal-legal, system methods, analysis and synthesis. Results: it is proved that the current system of the legal regulation of division of joint property of the former spouses in the event of the death of one of them requires the improvement of the legal regulation, as laid down in the legislation, the protection of property rights is quite long and expensive, which leads to the futility of efforts. Conclusions: the law enforcement practice of protecting the property rights of former spouses in the division of jointly acquired property should be recognized as generally conforming to the established norms of law. However, the lack of the clear legal regulation of the criteria and conditions for the division of jointly acquired property in the event of opening of an inheritance after the former spouse before the expiration of the threeyear statute of limitations, leads to the situations where 2 spouses will claim the inheritance – the former and the present. This situation leads to costly conflicts that are resolved in court.
The System of Grounds for Exempting a Person From the Legal Consequences of a Crime
Authors:   Ural State Law University, Shchelkonogova Elena
Published: April 2021

Introduction: the grounds for exemption from criminal responsibility, punishment, and the recognition the act that has caused harm to the object of criminal law protection as non-criminal, are essential for a fair legal assessment of a person’s behaviour. In this connection, the author of the paper aims to study the grounds for not applying the legal consequences of a crime (act) to a person. Methods: the methodological framework for the study is a set of methods of scientific knowledge, among which the main ones are the methods of historicism, consistency, analysis and comparative law. Results: the author’s position grounded in the work is based on the legislation and the opinions of the competent scientific community on the question of why certain grounds are combined by the legislator into separate chapters and are endowed with common features, and other grounds belong to different grounds for the release of a person. With the help of the legal analysis of the provisions of the theory of law, the differentiation of the characteristic features of the grounds for not bringing a person to criminal responsibility is carried out. The questions of the legal regulation of not only various types of grounds for the release of a person, but also the legal consequences of committing a crime are raised. The concept of circumstances precluding criminal liability in connection with the voluntary refusal to commit a crime is formulated. Conclusions: the study establishes that a person may be exempted from criminal liability, in connection with the absence of the constituent elements of offence (insanity, infliction by innocence) in his act, and the grounds that are not associated with crime, such as regulated by Chapter 11 of the Criminal Code. However, the circumstances that preclude the criminality of the act, voluntary refusal, as well as the insignificance of the act are not directly enshrined in the Code as the grounds for exempting from criminal liability due to the absence of corpus delicti, however, the text of the articles of the Code states that the act is not a crime.
Technically Sopisticated Goods in the Context of Consumer Rights when Defects are Detected in the Good
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Crimean Branch), Ablyatipova Natalia , Kravtsova Anastasia ,   Russian State University of Justice (Crimean Branch)
Published: April 2021

Introduction: currently, retail sales contracts are widely used, under which technically sophisticated goods are transferred to the property, which form a special group of goods and have the specifics of the legal regulation. Meanwhile, there is no legal definition of a technically sophisticated good, and there are no regulatory criteria for this legal category. In this regard, the authors set the goal: to summarize the approaches developed by judicial practice on this issue, to identify what normative justification of technical sophistication is used when including goods in the List of technically sophisticated goods. Results: the importance of qualifying a product as technically sophisticated is investigated, the problems of qualifying goods as technically sophisticated are identified, and the reasons for determining the category of wireless devices equipped with a touch screen, two or more functions, and the absence of similar devices without a touch screen in the List of technically sophisticated products are established. Conclusions: based on the analysis of the legislation and the materials of judicial practice, the problems of applying the List of technically sophisticated goods and the ambiguity of the law enforcement are identified. Based on the results of the work, the authors have developed the practical proposals and recommendations for improving the legislation.
The Legal Aspects of Preventing the Spread of the Coronavirus Infection in the Russian Federation: The Legislative Novelties and Their Features
Authors:   Belgorod Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after I.D. Putilin, Sarychev Alexander , Arkhiptsev Ivan ,   Belgorod Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after I.D. Putilin, Karaulova Ekaterina ,   Belgorod Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after I.D. Putilin
Published: April 2021

Introduction: currently, worldwide and in the Russian Federation, one of the most pressing problems is the fight against the new coronavirus infection COVID-19, which was assigned the status of a pandemic by the World Health Organization in early 2020. The huge economic damage to the countries directly affected by the pandemic and the global economy as a whole, fatalities, abandoning business, increase in unemployment, the restructuring of the economy to work in a new environment are a certain list of consequences we have been faced with in recent times due to the spread of COVID-19. The purpose of the study is to analyze the legislation aimed at supporting the economy and the population during the spread of the pandemic, as well as the measures of administrative and criminal responsibility in the domestic legislation aimed at preventing the spread of the coronavirus infection, as well as to examine the features of their application. Methods: the methodological framework for the research consists of the general scientific methods of cognition: the ascent from the abstract to the concrete, the hypotheticaldeductive, axiomatic and formalization methods, as well as the interrelated methods: analysis, synthesis. The results of the study and conclusions: the authors consider the changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation aimed at overcoming the consequences, as well as the fight against the coronavirus infection.
The Legal Mechanism for the Management of Radioactive Waste and Spent Nuclear Fuel in EU Law
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Lebedeva Yulia
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Council Directive 2011/70/Euratom on spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste, adopted in 2011, has become a legal mechanism for the management of RW and SNF in the EU. The provisions of the Directive have been fully implemented in the regulatory frameworks of the EU Member States, although the EU Member States are at different stages of implementing their RW and SNF management activities. The purpose of the research was the operation of the legal mechanism for the management of RW and SNF within the territory of the EU in the period from 2017 to 2019, as reflected in the Report of the European Commission in 2019. Methods: the methodological framework for the research is a set of methods of scientific knowledge based on dialectical and historical materialism, the methods of logical, system-structural, comparative-legal and information-entropy analysis. Results: the author’s position grounded in the work is based on EU law and the opinions of the competent scientific Russian and foreign community on the creation and operation of a new legal mechanism for the management of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel. The 2019 Report of the European Commission reveals the dynamics of improving this legal mechanism and its interaction with the IAEA. Conclusion: as a result of the research, the important role of the legal mechanism and its uniqueness as a legal model for the management of RW and SNF in the EU territory is revealed, which allows adapting the actions of the EU member states on the issue of the management of RW and SNF, to monitor the process by Euratom and the European Commission, to cooperate fruitfully with the IAEA.
On Evolutive Interpretation in Russian Law
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Gavrilova Julia
Published: April 2021

Introduction: the paper discusses the analysis of evolutive interpretation as a special phenomenon in the theory of legal interpretation. There is no this phenomenon among the traditional ways and types of interpretation in domestic law. First, this concept originated in the depths of the sociological legal understanding, which requires the judge to make decisions that meet legal justice and public expectations. Secondly, from these positions, any product that the court “produces” within the framework of the sociological approach to law is judicial law-making. The question of its terminological designation is related to the peculiarities of the implementation of approaches to legal understanding in the practical activities of the court. Third, the term “evolutive” interpretation, which has developed in the activities of the supranational judicial institutions of the integration associations, has historically proved to be euphonious, convenient and suitable for practical use. The purpose of the research is to formulate the methodological foundations of the application and the characteristic features of the evolutive interpretation. The objectives of the research are to reveal the features of the historical genesis, the essential features of evolutive interpretation from the point of view of judicial and scientific doctrine, to show that this ambiguous concept is still the subject of scientific discussion. Methods: the paper uses the philosophical and general scientific principles; the system, genetic and activity approaches; the formal-legal, system and cultural-historical methods. Results: when discussing the possibility of extrapolating the foreign term “evolutive” interpretation into the domestic legal system, it is necessary to observe the continuity of the development of the domestic legal science and the national legal traditions. It is necessary to proceed from the achieved national experience of technical and legal support and terminologization of law-making and law-enforcement processes.
The Tax Systems of the Russian Federation and the United States in the Context of the Principle of Tax Fairness
Authors:   Rostov State University of Economics (RINH), Kazachenkov Stanislav
Published: April 2021

Introduction: in order to conduct an effective tax policy in the modern world, the state needs to rethink the development strategy in the field of taxation, which should be based on a system of tax principles, in particular, the principle of tax fairness. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that despite the considerable amount of the theoretical research on the subject, this area is under-researched in the question of the concept of equity in taxation, which is the relevance and need for the study. Purpose: to study the efficiency of the implementation of the principle of fairness in the modern tax system through the example of this country and foreign countries (USA). Methods: the research is based on the comparative method, the method of system analysis and dialectics, synthesis, analogy, deduction, induction, historical method, the method of unity of theory and practice, as well as the special legal methods (the formal legal method, the empirical methods of cognition and the dogmatic methods). Results: the formation of the concept of property taxation based on the principle of equity through the example of Russia and the United States. Conclusions: the principle of fair taxation should take into account the features of the modern legal and social reality, as well as the practical relations in the field of taxation.
Distribution of Chinese traditional villages and influencing factors for regionalization
Authors: Wu Yunong , Wu Mengqi , Wang Zhexiao , Zhang Beiming , Li Changzuo , Zhang Bin
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: Traditional Villages (TVs) are typical and representative of the agricultural civilization in millions of Chinese villages. The distribution of TVs shows spatial heterogeneity, based on the complexity and diversity of several influencing factors. In this study, 6,819 Chinese TVs were identified and the influencing factors that affect their distribution were screened in terms of three indicator groups: climatic, geographic, and humanity-related factors. Additionally, the K-means clustering algorithm clustered the TVs into different distribution regions. The quantitative relationships between the dominant influencing factors of different distribution regions were revealed to ensure a lucid understanding of the regional distribution of TVs. The results indicated that 1) climatic factors have the greatest impact on the spatial distribution of TVs, followed by geographic factors, particularly the elevation, and then by human factors, of which ethnic distribution played a relatively important role. 2) Twenty-one TV clustering distributions were obtained, which were classified into eight regions of TV distribution with different dominant influencing factors. Management and protective strategies were formulated based on the attribute analysis of influencing factors in each region. The obtained results delineated homogeneous TV distribution regions via the clustering method to achieve an accurate statistical analysis of the influencing factors. This study proposes a new perspective and reference for managing and protecting the diversity, continuity, and integrity of TVs across administrative regions.
Residual feed intake of Nellore calves is not repeatable across pre and post weaning periods
Authors: Souza Luana Lelis , Bis Flávia Cristina , Sakamoto Leandro Sannomiya , Broleze Danielly Fernanda , Batalha Camila Delveaux Araújo , Mercadante Maria Eugênia Zerlotti
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: This study measured milk and solid feed intake in pre- weaning period and feed intake in postweaning period of Nellore calves, and to correlated them with performance traits and ingestive behavior of animals classified as most and least efficient. During pre weaning phase, feed efficiency was evaluated in 51 cow-calf pairs from 21±5 days after calving until weaning. During post-weaning phase, only male calves (n=23) were evaluated. Pre-weaning milk intake of calves was estimated based on cow’s milk production. Pre-weaning daily metabolizable energy intake (MEI) of calves was estimated as the sum of MEI from milk and solid diet. There was no difference in ADG between calves with negative and positive pre RFI, with a consequent better feed conversion to more efficient calves. The most efficient calves spent less time at the feed bunk, with a shorter feeding duration and higher rate of intake, compared to the least efficient animals. Correlations between feed intake and metabolic body weight of the animals during pre- and postweaning phases were positive, of medium to high magnitude, and significant, while correlation between ADG values was close to zero. Results suggested that part of the animals ranked based on pre weaning feed intake won’t maintain their rank during postweaning phase. In conclusion, calves classified as most efficient during pre-weaning phase have similar weight gain but lower milk intake and MEI than least efficient animals. The estimated pre RFI is weakly correlated with post RFI, showing that RFI is not consistent or repeatable across two periods.
The therapeutic itinerary of health workers diagnosed with COVID-19
Authors: Silva Liliane Faria da , Cursino Emília Gallindo , Brandão Euzeli da Silva , Góes Fernanda Garcia Bezerra , Depiant Jéssica Renata Bastos , Silva Laura Johanson da , Aguiar Rosane Cordeiro Burla de
Published: April 2021

Objective: to analyze the therapeutic itinerary of health workers diagnosed with COVID-19. Method: qualitative study conducted with 132 health workers diagnosed with COVID-19. Data were collected using a semi-structured form sent through the social media and processed with the Interface de R pour Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires, according to the Descending Hierarchical Classification. Results: the participants included 116 women and 16 men with 14 different professions within the health field. Five classes of excerpts emerged from the text, revealing the therapeutic itinerary from the onset of symptoms, up to referrals for testing and confirming COVID-19. Additionally, the aspects that facilitated or hindered access to testing in healthcare units were identified, in addition to misinformation and the need for workers to pay for the tests to obtain a diagnosis. Conclusion: this study’s results show the difficulties health workers experienced to access the tests and related information and the delay in accessing the results and obtaining a sick leave to remain in isolation at home. The health workers who did not get support in terms of management and monitoring from the facilities where they worked adopted an active search.
Organizational secrecy as viewed by the agents of a multinational corporation: A Case Study
Authors: Busnelo Homero Cremm , Donadone Julio Cesar
Published: April 2021

abstract: Only a limited number of theoretical studies have been conducted with regards to the issue of organizational secrecy. This study examines similar and different views about secrecy within three executive levels of an industrial multinational organization named Motores. This is achieved through a case study for which the data has been collected by using a survey-like questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The different maturity levels and process structures in the enterprise account not only for different stages, concerns, and types of knowledge involved in addressing secrecy, but also for the role boundaries among the agents surveyed. Furthermore, while these agents are well acquainted with suppliers and customers, whereby confidentiality is ensured through confidentiality agreements (NDAs) and patent protection, their relationships with institutions and organizations appear to be areas of little or no knowledge, especially when it concerns competitors, class entities, and government relations. Leaks of classified information occur, and the places and situations where they may take place are identified. No potential mitigation situations were identified in our case study, and no systemic protocol exists for dealing with classified topics in the different areas where secrecy is involved, including business strategies. Transparency is recognized and desired; however, its risks and consequences require evaluation.
Model for determining nutritional and non-nutritional limitations of Grande Naine banana in the Brazilian semiarid region
Authors: Rodrigues Filho Vagner A. , Neves Júlio C. L. , Donato Sérgio L. R. , Guimarães Bruno V. C.
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT Plant nutrition is essential in attaining higher yields; however, non-nutritional factors play a major role in limiting crop yield. This study aimed to model and determined nutritional and non-nutritional limitations of Grande Naine banana grown in Ceará and Bahia states, Brazil, based on nutritional balance and equilibrium. The data used in this study were collected between 2010 and 2017 from two farms, located in Missão Velha, Ceará (7° 35’ 90” S and 39° 21’ 17” W, and 442 m of altitude), and Ponto Novo, Bahia (10º 51’ 46” S and 40º 08’ 01” W, and 342 m of altitude). Plots with yields greater than the average plus 0.5 standard deviations were defined as high-yielding populations (HYP) and used as a reference population to establish the norms. Plots with yields below this limit, low-yielding populations (LYP), were used for nutritional diagnosis. The database was divided into four. The first and second databases, from the area located in Missão Velha, contained 46 samples from a reference population with a yield greater than 58.84 t ha-1 per year, and 104 samples from an LYP, respectively. The third and four databases, from the area located in Ponto Novo, contained 19 samples from a reference population with a yield greater than 76.12 t ha-1 per year, and 46 samples from an LYP, respectively. Nutritional factors limited Grande Naine banana yield in Ceará and Bahia by 11.17 and 14.79%, while non-nutritional factors limited by 30.11 and 29.41%, respectively. In Grande Naine banana, non-nutritional factors are more yield-limiting than nutritional factors.
The International Biodiversity Agenda at the Local Level: the Case of Capybaras in Curitiba, Brazil
Authors: Gadda Tatiana Maria Cecy , Souza Jana Magaly Tesserolli de , Paula Gabriel Antônio Rezende de , Kaick Tamara Simone van , Gervásio João Henrique Diniz Brandão
Published: April 2021

Abstract The capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) is a South American native rodent with an outstanding capacity to colonize urban environments. In Curitiba, a city worldwide known for its urban planning, the capybara adaptation comprises an interesting case to better understand the challenges in addressing Aichi targets at the local level. Specialized literature, official data and interviews indicate that this species is spreading throughout parks interconnected by rivers. This study illustrates an intricate relationship between capybaras and the urban socio-ecological environment, suggesting that the city only partially addresses Aichi targets. Local authorities are likely to face several challenges for adopting a global agenda on biodiversity. Producing robust knowledge on the urban biota is one fundamental step towards this goal.
Step by step: a participatory action-research framework to improve social participation in coastal systems
Authors: Grilli Natalia de Miranda , Andrade Mariana Martins de , Xavier Luciana Yokoyama , Santos Cláudia Regina , Stori Fernanda Terra , Carrilho Cauê Dias , Nunes Felipe Otavio , Peres Caiuá Mani , Vivacqua Melissa , Serafini Thiago Zagonel , Sinisgalli Paulo Antonio de Almeida , Seixas Cristiana Simão , Jacobi Pedro Roberto , Turra Alexander
Published: April 2021

Abstract Social participation enriches decision-making and is considered a civil right in many democratic countries, despite remaining a challenge. This paper presents evidence and discusses the evolution of social participation in the Araçá Bay (Southeastern Brazil), as a result of participatory action-research. Over three years, a process of social mobilization and participatory environmental assessment and planning engaged local stakeholders and resulted in a sustainable development plan. Enhanced social participation was evidenced by: (1) building trust among participants; (2) increasing knowledge of social-ecological features of Araçá Bay; (3) acknowledging different perspectives and interests about the bay; and (4) improving the understanding of management dynamics and institutions. The process led to the emergence of a local stewarded group that has the potential to foster the implementation of the sustainable development plan.
CONSTRUCTION AND VALIDATION OF AN EDUCATIONAL MANUAL FOR FAMILY CAREGIVERS OF OLDER ADULTS AFTER A STROKE
Authors: Fuhrmann Ana Cláudia , Bierhals Carla Cristiane Becker Kottwitz , Santos Naiana Oliveira dos , Machado Diani de Oliveira , Cordova Fernanda Peixoto , Paskulin Lisiane Manganelli Girardi
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT Objective to construct and validate an educational manual for family caregivers of older adult dependent on care after a stroke. Method a methodological study with four stages: focus group with five family caregivers, to identify doubts and difficulties regarding home care for older adults with stroke; preparation of the manual by six researchers; content validation by 18 specialist nurses, and face validation by 12 family caregivers. For data analysis, thematic analysis was performed, the Content Validity Index (CVI) was calculated, and the consensus of the target population was verified. Results from the focus group, the experiences and challenges faced by the caregivers in caring for aged family members with a stroke were identified, which supported the elaboration of an educative manual, in the second stage. In the expert consensus, a global CVI of 0.97 was obtained and, in face validation, a consensus of 95.51% by the target population. Conclusion an educational manual for family caregivers of older adults after a stroke was built, which was validated in terms of content and appearance. In view of this, it can be used as complementary material to the guidelines of the professionals, enabling improvement of the care provided by family members to the older adult dependent on care after a stroke.
Adaptations and repercussions in the experiences in a hybrid education university during the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Silva Francisco Theogenes Macêdo , Kubrusly Marcos , Peixoto Junior Arnaldo Aires , Vieira Larissa Xavier Santiago da Silva , Augusto Kristopherson Lustosa
Published: April 2021

Abstract: Introduction: The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has accelerated an educational revolution, with implications for health care and medical education, generating some insecurities and uncertainties. The article reports the experience of Centro Universitário Christus (Unichristus) about the changes that occurred in the practical scenarios of clinical experiences during the first semester of 2020, marked by social distancing. Experience Report: The services at Clínica Escola de Saúde (CES) were suspended and the associated hospitals stopped receiving students, making the experience of real-life scenarios unfeasible, resulting in the beginning of a project characterized by care of patients with coronavirus infection through telemedicine. The face-to-face nursing team’s participation occurred concomitantly, while students attending the eighth semester of the medical course were present at the consultation through screen sharing using the Google Meet ® program. After the consultation was concluded, there was a discussion about the case and other relevant aspects, similarly to what would happen with a face-to-face experience. In parallel with the project, students also attended lectures that addressed aspects of the disease from primary to tertiary level of health care. Discussion: Patients received care and students were taught through a flexible, innovative, accessible and safe media, following a worldwide trend, generating opportunities for professional development and innovations in medical education. The experience with telemedicine can be complemented by e-learning, allowing the development of a new hybrid teaching model. Conclusion: The current circumstances may result in some educational loss, such as the impossibility to perform physical examinations and to interact better with the health care team and patients; however the technological resources can result in opportunities for changes, improvement and development of teaching methodologies, in line with the current generation of digital natives.
Teacher's imaginative elaborations on adolescence: a Winnicottian reading
Authors: AMARAL Tháyla Kayty Cardoso Tavares , SILVA Emanuele Ferreira da , GRANATO Tania Mara Marques , Li Lília Freire Rodrigues de Souza
Published: April 2021

Abstract Adolescents in situations of social vulnerability demand a type of care, from parents, teachers, and society, that protects them from the additional risks to which they are exposed, without compromising the development of their autonomy. This qualitative study aimed to investigate the imaginative elaborations of 30 teachers about adolescence using an Interactive Narrative approach as an investigative resource. The narrative material was analyzed interpretively, searching for the affective-emotional senses underlying the elaborations of the participants, resulting in the following fields of meaning: "Do not turn adolescence into rocket science" and "Adolescence: a sign of danger". In addition to the pedagogical issues, the participants expressed difficulty in dealing with issues that are specific to the adolescent's emotional development, oscillating between stereotyped conceptions and an empathic posture in the face of adolescent immaturity. It is concluded that teachers experience ambivalent feelings towards adolescents, assuming either an authoritarian or a patronizing posture, understanding adolescent conflict as natural at this development stage.
Triple Triangulación Compleja: análisis de discursos de formación y empleo
Authors: Amber Diana , Domingo Jesús
Published: April 2021

Resumen: Las dificultades económicas y la precariedad laboral sufrida por España en la crisis, generó un incremento del desempleo de los mayores de 45 años. En este contexto, este estudio pretende comprender el drama social presente en los diferentes discursos que giran en torno a ello mediante el uso de un nuevo diseño metodológico: la triple triangulación compleja. Con este diseño se contrasta el discurso de cuatro fuentes: mayores de 45 años, datos oficiales, medios de comunicación y expertos. Los principales hallazgos muestran discursos dispares con algunos puntos de encuentro entre las fuentes. Se concluye que muchos factores que intervienen en el desempleo de los mayores, rebasan el ámbito de la formación, siendo un problema multidisciplinar.
Discurso da Matemática Específica para Ensinar: a arte de governar
Authors: Grilo Jaqueline de Souza Pereira , Barbosa Jonei Cerqueira
Published: April 2021

Resumo: O artigo discute como o discurso da Matemática específica para ensinar tem proposto a condução da conduta de professores(as) de Matemática. Trata-se de um ensaio teórico decorrente de uma problematização foucaultiana que incidiu sobre estudos que tratam do Conhecimento Matemático para o Ensino, do Conhecimento Especializado do Professor de Matemática e da Matemática para o Ensino. Esse discurso põe em exercício diferentes tipos de poder, mobilizando estratégias e táticas a fim de acionar a tecnologia nomeada Tecnologia da Especificidade Matemática. Os resultados sugerem que as condutas disponibilizadas por esse discurso transitam entre a lógica individual e disciplinar à lógica governamental.
Aspectos alimentares e nutricionais de crianças e adolescentes com transtorno do espectro autista
Authors: Magagnin Tayná , Silva Marco Antônio da , Nunes Rafael Zaneripe de Souza , Ferraz Fabiane , Soratto Jacks
Published: April 2021

Resumo Objetivo: Compreender os hábitos, dificuldades e as estratégias alimentares de crianças e adolescentes com transtorno do espectro autista (TEA). Método: Trata-se de pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa do tipo exploratória e descritiva, realizada com 14 pais cujos filhos frequentam uma escola de educação especial especializada na educação de pessoas com TEA localizada em uma cidade do extremo sul catarinense, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, com uso da análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: Os dados coletados indicaram três categorias temáticas: hábitos alimentares de crianças e adolescentes com TEA; dificuldades alimentares de crianças e adolescentes com TEA; e estratégias alimentares para crianças e adolescentes com TEA. As crianças e adolescentes autistas possuem um considerável consumo de alimentos processados e ultraprocessados, além de comportamentos relativos à recusa alimentar, disfagia, baixa aceitação de alimentos sólidos, compulsão alimentar e sintomas gastrointestinais. Foi possível identificar também uma lacuna no conhecimento dos cuidadores relacionados aos aspectos sensoriais do transtorno envolvidos nos hábitos alimentares de seus filhos. Conclusão: As crianças e adolescentes com TEA apresentam uma alimentação diversificada, com tendência a hábitos alimentares disfuncionais e significativo comprometimento nas atividades sensoriais que dificultam a obtenção e o estabelecimento de uma alimentação saudável.
Os nós críticos do processo de trabalho na Atenção Primária à Saúde: uma pesquisa-ação
Authors: Amaral Vanessa de Souza , Oliveira Deíse Moura de , Azevedo Clayver Viktor Moreira de , Mafra Rennan Lanna Martins
Published: April 2021

Resumo Pesquisa qualitativa com abordagem da pesquisa-ação cujo objetivo foi identificar os nós críticos inscritos no processo de trabalho da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Participaram 44 profissionais/gestores da APS de um município do interior de Minas Gerais. A coleta de dados ocorreu de junho a dezembro de 2019, por meio da técnica de observação participante e, posteriormente, de oficinas. Os dados foram analisados a partir da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin e sob a perspectiva dos referenciais teóricos de Rudimar Baldissera e Paulo Freire. Na análise, emergiram cinco categorias, que expressaram os nós críticos identificados na observação participante e validados pelos profissionais nas oficinas: ambiência, comunicação, educação permanente, planejamento e identidade profissional. Esta pesquisa sinaliza a importância do diálogo e da reflexão crítica das práticas de saúde como instrumentos de transformação do processo de trabalho em saúde.