bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ergänzende Betrachtung zur Bemessung von Rollenlagern
Authors: Mensinger Martin , Ganslmeier Sofie , Rengstl Mathias , Karpa Markus
Published: August 2016

Der Beitrag thematisiert aktuelle Fragestellungen zum Nachweiskonzept von Rollenlagern im Brückenbau. Auf einen Überblick zur Dimensionierung der Lager folgt eine Darstellung der derzeitigen Normungssituation in DIN EN 1337‐4 und SIA 263. Auf verschiedene Zusammenhänge, die sich aus der Materialwahl ergeben, wird hingewiesen. Dem interessierten Leser soll es so ermöglicht werden, die erforderlichen Nachweise kritisch zu hinterfragen und historische Rollenlager systemerhaltend zu ersetzen.

Additional consideration to the design of roller bearings. The paper deals with current issues concerning the design of roller bearings in bridge construction. An overview of current dimensioning using normative standards in DNI EN 1337‐4 and SIA 263 for roller bearings is given. Based on the choice of materials, various relationships are deduced. This article will allow the reader to critically question the current design methods and historic roller bearings can then be replaced using the current structural system.
Rehabilitation of old three‐hinged steel arch bridges – A case study of Ling Bridge
Authors: Xu Jun , Lv Kaiyuan , Ma Cheng , Chen Weizhen , Yang Jianxi
Published: August 2016

Ling Bridge, built by Siemens AG in 1936, is the only existing three‐hinged steel arch bridge in China, and now declared a historic structure by the local government. Located on the busiest road that crosses the Ningbo city centre, the bridge has carried heavy traffic for more than 70 years. Concerned about the bridge's safety following frequent ship collisions in recent years and other damage, the bridge owners perform structural inspections every year. According to the latest inspection, Ling Bridge is suffering from a number of serious structural problems, including local deformation and deflection of the arch ribs, cracks in the deck and severe corrosion of the hangers. Therefore, at the end of 2014, the bridge management launched an overhaul of the bridge.

To maintain traffic flows and the cultural function of the bridge, the overhaul project is different from ordinary repair projects. The present overhaul mainly involves five parts of the structure: the hinges of the arch structure, the cantilever structure of the cross‐beams, the deck system, the hangers and the arch ribs. This paper discusses the damage evolution of the diseases and pertinent strengthening measures taken to meet the requirements of structural safety and cultural protection.

Sanierung einer alten Dreigelenk‐Stahlbogenbrücke: Fallstudie zur Ling‐Brücke. Die Ling‐Brücke in Ningbo wurde 1936 von der Siemens AG errichtet und ist die einzige Dreigelenk‐Stahlbogenbrücke in China. Sie wurde kürzlich von der Stadtverwaltung zum historischen Bauwerk erklärt. Seit über 70 Jahren trägt die Brücke die Lasten der verkehrsreichsten Straße im Zentrum von Ningbo. Nach mehreren Schiffskollisionen und anderen Schäden in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten führten die Eigentümer der Brücke jährliche Prüfungen des Brückentragwerks durch, um dessen Sicherheit zu gewährleisten. Bei der letzten Untersuchung wurden schwere Schäden festgestellt, zu denen lokale Verformungen und Verbiegungen von Bogenrippen, Risse in der Brückenfahrbahn und starker Rost an der Aufhängung zählten. Daher begann die Brückenverwaltung 2014 eine Sanierung der Brücke.

Um die verkehrstechnische und kulturelle Funktion der Brücke zu erhalten, unterscheidet dieses Sanierungsprojekt sich von normalen Reparaturaufgaben. Die aktuellen Sanierungsschritte umfassen hauptsächlich fünf Bereiche der Konstruktion: Bogengelenk‐Tragwerk, Auskragungsstruktur der Querträger, Fahrbahnsystem, Aufhängung sowie Bogenrippen. Der vorliegende Text behandelt die Schadensentwicklung und die geeigneten Sanierungsmaßnahmen zur Erfüllung der Anforderungen an Tragsicherheit und Schutz der historischen Bausubstanz.
Markets and climate are driving rapid change in farming practices in Savannah West Africa
Authors: Ouédraogo Mathieu , Zougmoré Robert , Moussa Abdoulaye S. , Partey Samuel T. , Thornton Philip K. , Kristjanson Patti , Ndour Ndèye Y. B. , Somé Léopold , Naab Jesse , Boureima Moussa , Diakité Lamissa , Quiros Carlos
Published: August 2016

Agricultural practices have constantly changed in West Africa, and understanding the factors that have driven the changes may help guide strategies to promote sustainable agriculture in the region. To contribute to such efforts, this paper analyzes drivers of change in farming practices in the region using data obtained from surveys of 700 farming households in five countries (Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, Niger and Senegal). The results showed that farmers have adopted various practices in response to the challenges they have faced during the last decade. A series of logit models showed that most changes farmers made to their practices are undertaken for multiple reasons. Land use and management changes including expanding farmed areas and using mineral fertilization and manure are positively related to perceived changes in the climate, such as more erratic rainfall. Planting new varieties, introducing new crops, crop rotation, expanding farmed area and using pesticides are positively associated with new market opportunities. Farm practices that require relatively high financial investment such as use of pesticides, drought-tolerant varieties and improved seeds were positively associated with the provision of technical and financial support for farmers through development projects and policies. Changes in markets and climate are both helping to promote needed changes in farming practices in West Africa. Therefore, policies that foster the development of markets for agricultural products, and improved weather- and climate-related information linked to knowledge of appropriate agricultural innovations in different environments are needed.
Tawny owl prey remains indicate differences in the dynamics of coastal and inland vole populations in southern Finland
Authors: Solonen Tapio , Karhunen Jonna , Kekkonen Jaana A. , Kolunen Heikki , Pietiäinen Hannu
Published: August 2016

Some studies suggest that mild winters decrease overwinter survival of small mammals or coincide with decreased cyclicity in vole numbers, whereas other studies suggest non‐significant or positive relationships between mild winter conditions and vole population dynamics. We expect for the number of voles to be higher in the rich and low‐lying habitats of the coastal areas than in the less fertile areas inland. We assume that this geographical difference in vole abundances is diminished by mild winters especially in low‐lying habitats. We examine these relationships by generalized linear mixed models using prey remains of breeding tawny owls Strix aluco as a proxy for the abundance of voles. The higher number of small voles in the coastal area than in the inland area suggest that vole populations were denser in the coastal area. Vole populations of both areas were affected by winter weather conditions particularly in March, but these relationships differed between areas. The mild ends of winter with frequent fluctuations of the ambient temperature around the freezing point (“frost seesaw”) constrained significantly the coastal vole populations, while deep snow cover, in general after hard winters, was followed by significantly lowered number of voles only in the inland populations. Our results suggest that coastal vole populations are more vulnerable to mild winters than inland ones. We also show that tawny owl prey remains can be used in a meaningful way to study vole population dynamics.
Non‐canonical WNT5A signaling up‐regulates the expression of the tumor suppressor 15‐PGDH and induces differentiation of colon cancer cells
Authors: Mehdawi Lubna M. , Prasad Chandra Prakash , Ehrnström Roy , Andersson Tommy , Sjölander Anita
Published: August 2016

The tumor suppressor 15‐hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15‐PGDH) is the key enzyme in prostaglandin E2 catabolism and is down‐regulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue. Canonical Wnt signaling is frequently elevated in colon cancers and has been shown to down‐regulate 15‐PGDH expression. Therefore, we have in the current study investigated if the non‐canonical ligand WNT5A relates to increased expression of 15‐PGDH in colon cancer cells. In the same cohort of patients, we demonstrated a parallel and significant loss of 15‐PGDH and WNT5A protein expression in CRC tissues compared with matched normal colon tissues. Furthermore, patients with low 15‐PGDH/WNT5A expression in their tumors showed reduced survival compared with patients with high 15‐PGDH/WNT5A expression. To investigate if WNT5A signaling directly affects 15‐PGDH expression, we performed in vitro analyses of colon cancer cells (HT‐29 and Caco‐2). Both cell lines, when treated with recombinant WNT5A (rWNT5A) or Foxy‐5, a WNT5A‐mimicking peptide, responded by increasing their expression of 15‐PGDH mRNA and protein. Our investigations showed that rWNT5A and Foxy‐5 induced this increased expression of 15‐PGDH through reduced β‐catenin signaling as well as increased JNK/AP‐1 signaling in colon cancer cells. WNT5A signaling also induced increased 15‐PGDH expression in a breast cancer cell line both in vitro and in vivo. In agreement, WNT5A signaling also increased the expression of the differentiation markers sucrose‐isomaltase and mucin‐2 in colon cancer cells. Our results show that WNT5A signaling regulates 15‐PGDH expression, thus uncovering a novel mechanism by which WNT5A acts as a tumor suppressor and suggests that increased 15‐PGDH expression could be used as an indicator of a positive response to Foxy‐5 in patients treated with this WNT5A agonist.
The Role of Psychological Factors in the Perception of Postneedling Soreness and the Influence of Postneedling Intervention
Authors: Martín‐Pintado‐Zugasti Aitor , López‐López Almudena , González Gutiérrez Jose Luis , Pecos‐Martín Daniel , Rodríguez‐Fernández Ángel Luis , Alguacil‐Diego Isabel María , Gallego‐Izquierdo Tomás , Fernández‐Carnero Josue
Published: August 2016

Background

Myofascial trigger point dry needling is frequently associated with postneedling soreness, which can generate patient dissatisfaction and reduced treatment adherence. Psychological factors may influence the perception of postneedling soreness and the effectiveness of postneedling soreness treatments.

Objectives

The objectives of the present study were to determine whether catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, pain anxiety, and fear of pain are significant predictors of postneedling soreness over time; and to analyze whether the relationships between psychological variables and postneedling soreness vary as a function of the postneedling soreness intervention, which included ischemic compression, placebo or control (without treatment).

Design

Repeated‐measures observational study nested within a randomized controlled trial.

Setting

University community.

Participants

Healthy volunteers (N = 90; 40 men and 50 women) 18 to 39 years of age (mean ± standard deviation 22 ± 3 years).

Methods

Catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, pain anxiety, and fear of pain were evaluated as possible predictors of postneedling pain before dry needling in a latent myofascial trigger point in the upper trapezius muscle. Participants were then divided into a treatment group that received ischemic compression as a postneedling intervention, a placebo group that received sham ischemic compression, and a control group that did not receive any treatment.

Main Outcome Measurements

Pain during needling and postneedling soreness were quantified using a visual analogue scale during needling, after treatment, and at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours.

Results

A multilevel analysis revealed that individuals who exhibited more catastrophic thinking showed less postneedling soreness intensity immediately after needling in all participants (β = −0.049). Pain‐related anxiety was linked to greater immediate postneedling soreness in the compression condition (β = 0.057). Finally, participants who exhibited more catastrophic thinking showed a slower rate of decline in postneedling soreness levels over time in the compression condition (β = 0.038).

Conclusions

Catastrophizing was associated with lower levels of postneedling soreness immediately after needling in all subjects. Although ischemic compression seems to be a useful procedure to reduce postneedling soreness, its efficacy could be slightly reduced in patients presenting higher scores of pain‐related anxiety. Psychological procedures may help to correct the distorted pain expectancies associated with needling interventions and might also improve the effectiveness of ischemic compression.

Level of Evidence

II
The State of Legal Education in Japan: Problems and “Re”-Renovations in JD Law Schools
Authors: SATO Nobuyuki
Published: August 2016

In Japan, the Juris Doctor (JD)-style law-school system was introduced in 2004 as part of a judicial system reform. As of late, this system seems to have become dysfunctional. The pass rate of the national bar exam (NBE) is around 20% every year, and the NBE puts students are under considerable pressure. “Re”-renovation of legal education is, thereby, a huge and pressing issue. Reducing the number of JD students could be a quick solution to the current problems. However, this is not enough, nor is it good for fostering legal professionals “rich both in quality and quantity” (the second aim of the judicial reform). Legal education should go beyond the NBE. The Japanese government and law schools have just begun to re-renovate legal education, giving priority to three challenges: (1) offering continuous legal-education programmes for practitioners; (2) enhancing community service and supporting career development of graduates in the new legal service area; and (3) internationalization. How can the Japanese legal-education system go beyond the NBE? Re-renovation deserves continued attention.
Fast-Track Systems Improve Timely Carotid Endarterectomy in Stroke Prevention Outpatients
Authors: Gocan Sophia , Bourgoin Aline , Blacquiere Dylan , Shamloul Rany , Dowlatshahi Dar , Stotts Grant
Published: August 2016

Background: For optimal stroke prevention, best practices guidelines recommend carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for symptomatic patients within two weeks; however, 2013 Ontario data indicated that only 9% of eligible patients from outpatient Stroke Prevention Clinics (SPCs) achieved this target. The goal of our study was to identify modifiable system factors that could enhance the quality and timeliness of care among patients needing urgent CEA. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of transient ischemic attack/stroke patients assessed in Champlain Local Health Integrated Network SPCs between 2011 and 2014 who subsequently underwent CEA. Descriptive statistics were used to define patient characteristics, timelines from symptom onset to CEA, and system factors that contributed to delays or improvements in care. Multivariate analysis was used to determine statistically significant variations between groups. Results: Seventy-five records were eligible for study inclusion. Median time from initial symptoms to CEA was 31 days, with 21.3% of patients undergoing surgery within 2 weeks. Significant delays were common in patient presentation and assessment following symptom onset, wait times for vascular imaging and neurological assessment, and time from surgical assessment to CEA completion. Rapid testing and triage, coupled with collaborative initiatives among SPC, surgical, and radiology teams were associated with significantly improved timelines. Conclusions: Success factors for rapid CEA are multifaceted, including system changes that address public awareness of stroke and 911 response, improvements in vascular imaging access, and redesign of clinical services to promote collaboration and fast-tracking of care. Implementation of performance measures to monitor and guide clinical innovations is recommended.
Pathways of a Disassembly: From the Poetics of the Body to the Contemporary Scene
Authors: Geraldi Silvia Maria , Lambert Marisa Martins
Published: August 2016

This lecture-demonstration aims to synthesize a creative journey that resulted in the production of the choreographic work Rehearsal on Small Distances: Study to Infinity. This work investigated the relationship between body/space from two main references: the anthropological studies of Edward Hall regarding the use of space by humans within the context of culture and the research on the phenomenological space conducted by the somatic educator Hubert Godard. Communication will be made in the disassembly of the scene, a kind of educational performance, with the intention of making the artistic process visible and promoting a discussion about the structural systems involved in the creation.
Support and Following: Re-Visiting Movement Choirs and Public Performance
Authors: Hardt Yvonne
Published: August 2016

In recent years, the theorization of dance as a critical and political practice has focused on its “resisting” qualities. “Withholding” or “arresting” are terms used to qualify dance as a means for questioning economic and artistic practices. This paper seeks to problematize such a view both by pondering the question of how to conceptualize acting bodies in forming political spaces and by grounding this discussion in a historical comparison. I will re-visit and question my previous research on movement choirs, and propose that the notion of supporting, transmitting, and sharing are strategies commensurately significant with choreographies of protest.
The WhirlingSemaRitual and Performance Practitioners: Issues of Authenticity Change, and East–West Exchange
Authors: McClure Hanna
Published: August 2016

There is a movement form very close to Greece, across the waters of the Mediterranean in the land of modern day Turkey, which is a noble part of antiquity and which has faced sweeping changes in last century. Pressures from nationalistic, touristic, and other special interests particular to modernity have shaped and re-shaped this ancient form dramatically. This is thesemaritual of the whirling dervish.

Theater and dance practitioners have been inspired by the whirling dervish since the nineteenth century, when many Europeans traveled to Turkey and witnessed the whirling dervishes there. As part of the wave of spiritual and occult interest that blossomed at the end of the nineteenth century and through the twentieth century, ideas from Sufism began to penetrate the discourses of both esoteric and performance schools in Europe. Practitioners such as Jerzy Grotowski in the United States, and Rudolf Laban and Mary Wigman in Europe included forms of whirling and ideas from Sufism in their training methods.

This researcher, like practitioners from the early twentieth century, has sought to open avenues of embodied awareness in her dancers via whirling practice. Whirling itself, as a powerful performance form, has become prominent in her own work. A growing network ofsemazen-performers have been producing and touring ritual whirling as public performance extensively in the last two decades. This presentation presents perspectives of the modern Sufi initiate, who negotiates issues of ownership, authenticity, function, and form through and with the act of performance. At once political, socially responsive, and aesthetic, the whirlingsemais also uniquely spiritual and devotional, opening up questions of religious importance through the East–West interchanges of its practitioners, initiates, and performers.
Aspects of Professional Dance Education in Greece
Authors: Mourelou Daphne
Published: August 2016

My PhD research focuses on public professional dance education in Greece. The two Greek schools that are free of tuition constitute the research field: the State School of Dance and the Professional Dance School of the Greek National Opera. The theoretical framework draws from the works of Pierre Bourdieu on the concepts of field, habitus, and capital, as well as from Bryan Turner, Steven Wainwright, and Clare Williams's adaption of them for the field of dance and also, the works of Michel Foucault on the concepts of discipline and the technologies of the self. The material has been collected through a combination of student/faculty interviews and field observation. The basic points of the research are the student selection process and possible inequalities that might take root throughout the three-year education, the aesthetic canon of each academy and the impact on teaching and identity formation, the disciplinary methods and the technologies that the students form, the role of gender, the shape of the dancer's body, and the relation between the educational and the market field. These aspects are considered through a critical perspective, in close relation to the historical configuration of the Greek and the international dance field.
Paradoxes of Spectacular/Political Performativity: Dionysian Dance in Classical Greek Theater, Dubois’Tragédie, Femen's Sextremist Protests, and Harrell'sAntigone Sr.
Authors: Briand Michel
Published: August 2016

In Athenian classical theater (especially in Dionysian choruses; the tragic in Aeschylus, Sophocles, or Euripides; the satyric in Euripides’Cyclops; or the carnivalesque in Aristophanes), aesthetics, ethics, and politics intermingle in kinesthetic, musical, and textual pragmatics. This paper questions the reference to classical performativity (especially the gendered bodies it stages) in contemporary performances, from Olivier Dubois’Tragédie(2012) (and the committed nudity it enacts) to Femen's sextremist protests and Trajal Harrell'sAntigone Sr. / Paris is Burning at The Judson Church (L) (2012). These issues are central to the philosophy of performance, from F. Nietzsche'sThe Birth of Tragedy(1872) to J. Butler's and A. Athanassiou'sDispossession: The Performative in the Political(2013).
The State of Dance Studies in Greece
Authors: Tsouvala Maria
Published: August 2016

The present paper was part of the opening plenary panel entitled “The State of Dance Studies in Greece” in the joint conference of the Society of Dance History Scholars and the Congress on Research in Dance, held in Athens, June 4–7, 2015. It starts with the writer's perception of the current economic situation in Greece, which impedes progressive changes in the field of dance. Then it moves on to underline, through a brief historical review, the aesthetic origins of modern dance in Greece, the recent reforms in the educational system, and the distinctiveness of the artistic scene from the 1980s until today. The paper concludes with a reflection on new approaches that have emerged in the local dance scene within the context of the crisis.
(Re)Searching in the (You)Tube: Digital Archives and Dance Practices
Authors: Papakostas Christos
Published: August 2016

It is a commonly held assumption that new technologies have changed human society, culture, and communication dramatically. New phenomena appear, and the new reality is a challenge on many levels. The mass expansion of the Internet, since the early 1990s, has brought new circumstances at the economic, social, and cultural levels, as well as new forms of behavior and expression. In recent years, the basic practice of instructors, dancers, and dance enthusiasts is searching and downloading videos on traditional Greek dancing. In many cases, the videos are considered “research” products capable of supporting the teaching of dance in traditional dance groups. What inevitably emerges is a mode of YouTube as a new digital dance archive. In this peculiar condition, the production, distribution, and “assessment” of the content are in the hands of the user community, who, as Derrida notes, are possessed by one “irrepressible desire to return to the origin”. In Foucault's terms, the archive is a space of enunciation. Repositioned as something that defies exhaustive description, for Foucault, the archive becomes engaged in the production and authorization of discourse itself. This perspective raises questions about the issues of standards, evaluation, and quality of the “material”. But, the most important question is, what is the concept and the content of the terms “research” and “teaching?”
Dance and Guerrilla Dramaturgy
Authors: Carter Julian , Dowling Amie , Schwartz Selby Wynn
Published: August 2016

Dance critic Judith Mackrell wrote recently that dramaturgy might “go a long way to help realise [dance's] potential” (2014). What kinds of change can dance dramaturgs help foster? This alternative-format workshop combines spoken presentation, small-group conversation, and physical movement. We create a collaborative space for exploring what dramaturgy can contribute to dance under contemporary conditions of uneven access to material and cultural resources. We invite artists, scholars, curators—anyone curious about developing dramaturgical practices of questioning, relational process, and well-timed intervention—to join us in talking, writing, watching, and participating in movement structures that lead toward creative change.
A new damsel-dragonfly from the Lower Jurassic of northwestern China and its paleobiogeographic significance
Authors: Zheng Daran , Nel André , Wang Bo , Jarzembowski Edmund A. , Chang Su-Chin , Zhang Haichun
Published: August 2016

A new species of the Lower Jurassic genusDorsettiaWhalley, 1985 is described from the Lower Jurassic Badaowan Formation of the Junggar Basin, northwestern China, asDorsettia sinicanew species. It provides additional morphological characters for this genus and is the earliest Jurassic dragonfly in China after the end-Triassic extinction. The occurrence ofDorsettiain England and northwestern China indicates that the end-Triassic extinction probably did not have a drastic influence on damsel-dragonflies, or that the dispersal of damsel-dragonflies was relatively quick during the earliest Jurassic.
A new runner-like cyclostome bryozoan from the Bromide Formation (Sandbian, Upper Ordovician) of Oklahoma and its phylogenetic affinities
Authors: Wilson Mark A. , Taylor Paul D.
Published: August 2016

Zigzagopora wigleyensis n. gen. n. sp. is an Upper Ordovician (Sandbian, early Caradoc) cyclostome bryozoan from the Arbuckle Mountains of Oklahoma, USA. It has runner-type colonies characterized by a mostly uniserial, geniculate arrangement of monomorphic zooids that bud alternately left and right, producing a zig-zag pattern of growth. This new genus has calcified interior walls and non-pseudoporous exterior walls. It is thus most likely affiliated with the paleotubuliporine family Sagenellidae, despite superficial similarities with the corynotrypid cyclostomes with which it co-occurs.
A Longitudinal Study of Relational Aggression and Victimisation in Early Adolescence: Gender Differences in the Moderating Effects of Social Status
Authors: Ferguson Samantha , Zimmer-Gembeck Melanie J. , Duffy Amanda L.
Published: August 2016

Relational aggression is defined as behaviours intended to harm others by damaging their relationships. Drawing from two theoretical perspectives, the social process model and the peer socialisation model, we tested how relational aggression and victimisation could influence each other over time, and examined peer status and gender as moderators of these bidirectional associations. We hypothesised that aggression would lead to increasing victimisation and victimisation to increasing aggression, and that the association from aggression to later victimisation would be weaker for more popular and preferred youth, especially girls. Participants were 328 Australian early adolescents (172 boys, 156 girls) in Grades 5, 6 or 7, who nominated classmates who were aggressive, victimised, popular, and preferred. Results showed support for the role of status and gender in the bidirectional associations between aggression and victimisation. Relational aggression was associated with more T2 relational victimisation only among adolescents who were low in popularity and among girls with low social preference. Victimisation was associated with T2 aggressive behaviour among more popular girls. Relational victimisation was also associated with less T2 aggression among popular boys. Findings highlight the complexities introduced by gender and social status for the unfolding of early adolescent relational aggression and victimisation.
A corrugated termination shock in pulsar wind nebulae?
Authors: Lemoine Martin
Published: August 2016

Successful phenomenological models of pulsar wind nebulae assume efficient dissipation of the Poynting flux of the magnetized electron–positron wind as well as efficient acceleration of the pairs in the vicinity of the termination shock, but how this is realized is not yet well understood. This paper suggests that the corrugation of the termination shock, at the onset of nonlinearity, may lead towards the desired phenomenology. Nonlinear corrugation of the termination shock would convert a fraction of order unity of the incoming ordered magnetic field into downstream turbulence, slowing down the flow to sub-relativistic velocities. The dissipation of turbulence would further preheat the pair population on short length scales, close to equipartition with the magnetic field, thereby reducing the initial high magnetization to values of order unity. Furthermore, it is speculated that the turbulence generated by the corrugation pattern may sustain a relativistic Fermi process, accelerating particles close to the radiation reaction limit, as observed in the Crab nebula. The required corrugation could be induced by the fast magnetosonic modes of downstream nebular turbulence; but it could also be produced by upstream turbulence, either carried by the wind or seeded in the precursor by the accelerated particles themselves.
Instability of field-aligned electron–cyclotron waves in a magnetic mirror plasma with anisotropic temperature
Authors: Grishanov N. I. , Azarenkov N. A.
Published: August 2016

Dispersion characteristics have been analysed for field-aligned electron–cyclotron waves (also known as right-hand polarized waves, extraordinary waves or whistlers) in a cylindrical magnetic mirror plasma including electrons with anisotropic temperature. It is shown that the instability of these waves is possible only in the range below the minimal electron–cyclotron frequency, which is much lower than the gyrotron frequency used for electron–cyclotron resonance power input into the plasma, under the condition where the perpendicular temperature of the resonant electrons is larger than their parallel temperature. The growth rates of whistler instability in the two magnetized plasma models, where the stationary magnetic field is either uniform or has a non-uniform magnetic mirror configuration, are compared.
Mithras in Scotland: A Mithraeum at Inveresk (East Lothian)
Authors: Hunter Fraser , Henig Martin , Sauer Eberhard , Gooder John
Published: August 2016

Excavations to the east of the Roman fort of Inveresk in 2010 partly uncovered remains of a Mithraeum — the first from Scotland and the earliest securely dated example from Britain. A large rectangular sunken feature with lateral benches contained two altars buried face down at its north-western end. One was dedicated to Mithras, with iconography of both Mithras and Apollo as well as libation vessels. The other was dedicated to Sol, with a frieze above showing the Four Seasons. The Sol altar had a recess in the rear for a light which would have shone through his pierced rays, eyes, mouth and nose. Remains of an iron rod behind the nose hint at a more complex arrangement to create special visual or acoustic effects. Paint and plaster traces were recorded on both altars. The dedicator, G(aius) Cas(sius) Fla(…), a centurion, may have been in command of the garrison or of a legionary detachment. Stylistic links, especially in letter form, connect the work to sculptors of Legio XX. The stones and pigments are most likely from local sources. Little of the setting could be explored but there were traces of a precinct. A pit beside the Mithraeum included a large part of a well-used fineware beaker, which represented a deliberate offering. The Supplementary Material available online (http://journals.cambridge.org/bri) contains detailed descriptions of the altars, observations on the stone-working technology, lithology and pigment analysis, with extensive illustrations.
A Commentary Upon Derrida's Reading of Hegel in Glas
Authors: Critchley Simon
Published: August 2016

“Qu'est-ce qui cloche dans le système, qu'est-ce qui boite? La question est aussi boiteuse et ne fait pas question. Ce qui déborde le système, c'est l'impossibilité de son échec, comme l'impossibilité de la réussite: finalement on n'en peut rien dire, et il y a une manière de se taire (le silence lacunaire de l'écriture) qui arrête le système, le laissant désoeuvré, Iivré au sérieux de l'ironie.”

Glas is a tour de force of Hegel scholarship. Although primarily concerned with the Philosophy of Right and the Phenomenology of Spirit, Derrida also offers detailed discussions of The Spirit of Christianity and its Fate, the First Philosophy of Spirit of 1803-4, the 1803 essay Scientific Ways of Treating Natural Law, the Lectures on Aesthetics and the introduction to the Lectures on the Philosophy of World History. In addition - and this list is not exhaustive - there are discussions of and references to the Logic, the Encyclopaedia, the Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, the Differenzschrift, Faith and Knowledge, and abundant quotations from Hegel's correspondence.
The Categorial Satisfaction of Self-Reflexive Reason
Authors: Pinkard Terry
Published: August 2016

Robert Pippin's book, Hegel's Idealism: the Satisfactions of Self-Consciousness, is a deep, probing reconstruction of Hegel's project and the specific ways in which he tried to work out that project. It is rich in both analytical detail and in setting Hegel's thought in the historical complex of ideas that run from Kant to Fichte. It offers us a different view of Hegel than we have been accustomed to getting.

I shall not concentrate too much on the details of Pippin's book, which excels in the depth and fine grained quality of its analyses. Instead, I shall deal with his overall interpretation and how good a case can be made for it. Pippin's goal of locating Hegel in terms of the Kantian project is well founded, and I think that he almost succeeds admirably. But only almost.

The design of this commentary is threefold. First, I will give an overview of the general thrust of Pippin's interpretation. Second, I shall raise some questions about it and propose an alternative to it. Finally, I shall look at part of one particular section of Pippin's work, namely, his interpretation of Hegel's conception of “Essence” in the Science of Logic.

Pippin's main thesis about Hegel's program seems relatively straightforward: Hegel's work should be understood as carrying on and transforming the Kantian idea of deriving all the conditions of knowledge from the transcendental unity of apperception, a special kind of self-conscious awareness of objects. Let us call this the Apperception Thesis.
The Problem of Kant
Authors: Harris H. S.
Published: August 2016

For years I have repeated to the students in my seminars the programmatic assertion that “Hegel was the greatest disciple Kant ever had.” My object in saying this has always been to remind them as forcibly as possible that for Hegel and everyone in his generation, Kant was the master of them that know, the German philosopher, the thinker who had raised German thought to a new level, and had given it a decisive primacy over the earlier achievements of modern (or ‘scientific’) Reason from Bacon and Descartes to Hume and Rousseau. For this reason alone, I wished to affirm, it was in the highest degree unlikely that Hegel's ‘speculative’ philosophy, his theory of the ‘Idea’, was a reinstatement of the ‘dogmatic’ tradition that Kant so decisively overthrew. On the contrary, the theory of the ‘Idea’ must be seen as that ‘completion’ of the Kantian philosophy of which Hegel spoke prophetically in a letter to Schelling when he was approaching his twenty-fifth birthday.

It took Hegel several years to discover that Kant could not be ‘completed’ simply by the process of turning his revolutionary ‘insight’ into universal ‘Enlightenment’. At the time when he first appeared before the learned public as a philosopher in his own right Hegel was convinced (mainly as a result of his ten-year intimacy with Hölderlin) that “Truth is the whole”; and that a direct experience of that divine wholeness had actually been achieved by the poets of Greece (especially by those of Athens between the Great War with Persia and the Great Civil War). He was vividly aware that those same Greek poets were articulating the life of a world which had perished irretrievably.
The Actuality of Schelling's Hegel-Critique
Authors: Bowie Andrew
Published: August 2016

In the English-speaking world it is not clear that any of the later Schelling's critique of Hegel has ever directly been part of serious philosophical debate, though its indirect effects, via the work of Feuerbach, Marx, Nietzsche and others, are often unconsciously present in contemporary debates. How this fact looks in terms of a Hegelian conception of the history of philosophy is a question that would require more space than I have here. What I want to suggest is that the confrontation with Hegel of the later Schelling, as well as some aspects of the earlier Schelling, open up conceptual issues which are present in contemporary philosophical reflections on modernity and post-modernity. This happens, however, in ways which have hardly become common currency in these reflections. The basis of my argument is the re-interpretation of Schelling's arguments by Manfred Frank.

The main philosophical impetus behind the post-modern is the idea that the attempt to establish any essential identity between being and thinking, of which Hegel is usually seen as the classic representative, must be regarded as a metaphysical dream from which we must awaken, if we are not to miss the possibilities of the new time in which we are living. In this view the illusion of identity threatens to block our access to the diversity available if we realise that this illusion must be renounced. If it is true that the history of Western metaphysics consists in the attempt to articulate the presence of the infinite within the finite, then such arguments can be seen as making a certain degree of sense: once philosophy has achieved this articulation the consequence can seem to be a closure in which the new always reveals itself as ultimately the old.
The Wisdom of Solomon and the Solomon of Wisdom: Tradition's Transpositions and Human Transformation
Authors: Green Barbara
Published: August 2016

Scripture offers readers not a prescriptive printout but a recital behind our experience, invites a transformative engagement between text and life. The main insight available from Wisdom of Solomon is that Wisdom, intimate of God and structuring element of all creation, saves her friends into Life, not without their collaboration; the alternative is Death. Processes of transposition and transformation are the hermeneutical key to the book, both as authored and as read. The book's few central claims shift from genre to genre and from section to section for fresh and illustrative presentation. Transformation is also the challenge offered to readers: reappropriate the heritage afresh and thus survive. The envisioned transposition implies not simply change but growth out of a profound fidelity to something valued. What is at stake in the book is the “mother of transformations”: the journey from life through death, either to Life or to nothingness (Death), but also the survival of the Jewish community in Alexandria in the first century C.E.
A Theological Ethic for Renewing Church-Labor Alliance
Authors: Lamoureux Patricia Ann
Published: August 2016

The contemporary American labor movement is in a state of crisis. Not only is the membership base at a low-point, but a host of negative factors and obstacles to growth present enormous challenges for its future viability. In the past, organized labor has been most effective when there was a strong alliance with the Catholic community. Since the middle of the twentieth century, however, this association has weakened, and in some cases has turned to opposition. The premise of this article is that a renewed church-labor alliance could provide needed assistance to reinvigorate the labor movement while also advancing the social concerns of the Catholic Church in this nation.
Graced Encounters: Liturgy and Ethics from a Balthasarian Perspective
Authors: Steck Christopher
Published: August 2016

The theological aesthetic framework of Hans Urs von Balthasar can be used to develop a “continuity” model for relating liturgy and the moral life: each supports the Christian's response of faith but in distinctive ways. The fundamental source of Christian faith is the graced encounter with Christ. For Balthasar, this encounter occurs narratively: our stories are invited into Christ's story where we discover a personal God calling us by name. Both liturgy and the moral life mediate the Christian's entrance into this salvific narrative; however, each does so by emphasizing a different aspect of it: liturgy underscores the eschatological fullness of the narrative; the moral life invites us into Christ's story at a point “between the times.” This different eschatological emphasis leads liturgy and the moral life to take on complementary roles in nurturing the Christian's encounter with Christ.
The Contingency of Solidarity: A Pragmatic Critique of Richard Rorty's Philosophy
Authors: McClure Joyce Kloc
Published: August 2016

Pragmatist philosopher Richard Rorty articulates a view of the human person that is deeply at odds with a central assertion of Christianity: that human persons are deeply but not finally vulnerable to the conditions of their existence, and thus not wholly contingent beings. Because key elements of a Christian view of the human person, including a sharp appreciation of human vulnerability and the concept of freedom, as well as grounds for an overriding commitment to the well-being of all human persons are at stake, the author stresses the importance of addressing Rorty's pragmatist views. The author's argument is that Rorty's presentation of solidarity as the public response to human contingency fails on pragmatic grounds and she suggests an alternative view of contingency that can account for the creation of solidarity.
No-God: Reflections on Masao Abe's Symbol of God As Self-Emptying
Authors: Sabatino Charles J.
Published: August 2016

Buddhist thinking centers not on a transcendent God, but on the nothingness and emptiness of Sunyata. Nevertheless, Masao Abe's reflections on the symbol of God as self-emptying can enhance our understanding of what God means. Abe interprets the self-humbling and self-sacrificing act of Jesus as a manifestation that God has vacated the transcendence of otherness in becoming world. These reflections allow us to consider a religious perspective that centers not on God, but on world and the continuum of living-dying-relatedness that represents the reciprocal and mutual interrelatedness that is world. In being returned to world, we are invited to participate in the original and originating activity of God as giving of self in compassion to one another. God is to be experienced not as a transcendent center, but as the fundamental meaning of world and its context of interrelatedness.
Faith, Praxis, and Practical Theology: At the Interface of Sociology and Theology
Authors: Lawler Michael G.
Published: August 2016

This essay is an exercise in practical theology, thetheologicalreflection arising out of and in response to the church's actual situation. Practical theology insists that it is not enough to analyze the church's actual situation with deductive, ahistorical theological principles, but that it is necessary, first, to uncover and, then, reflect critically on the actual situation to test it for the presence of the Spirit, relevance, and significance in light of the gospel. Practical theology grows out of the relationship betweentheoriaandpraxiswhich, for the church, is the relationship betweenfaithandpraxis. The essay argues that to recognize scientifically the church's actual situation and to perform the required theological reflection practical theology requires sociology.

The essay explores, therefore, the relationship between practical theology and the data of sociological research. It also examines the theological realities,sensus fideiandreception, and explores their relationship to that data. The exploration is concretized theologically by a consideration of the sociological data and theology about two Catholic moral doctrines, divorce and remarriage without prior annulment and artificial contraception.A theologicalreflection on the actual situation of both doctrines and asociologicalconsideration of the data suggest the conclusion that a dramatic development and re-reception of both doctrines, in line with previous dramatic developments of doctrine in the church, is under way.
Preparing Teachers and Administrators for the Field of Religious Education
Authors: McBride Alfred
Published: August 2016

A considerable complexity surrounds the preparation of teachers and administrators for the field of religious education. If it's teachers you are thinking of, then you must determine which level of teaching you will be preparing them for: Primary, Intermediate, Junior High, High School, College, Adult. (6 levels)

As for administrators there are five constituencies out there: Chairpersons of religion departments in elementary schools, high schools, colleges, Parish Directors or Coordinators, Diocesan Directors.

Certain essentials will be necessary for everyone. Religious content such as Bible, theology, liturgy. Humanistic content such as behavioral science (counseling, developmental, behaviorist psychology and religious sociology), educational theory, some poetry and film study, administrative theory (Barnard and Brucker)—this last, of course, only for administrators—and lastly, method.

Most teachers and administrators are receiving plenty of religious content, a fair amount of behavioral science, not too much educational theory, practically no management skills, and virtually no method.

From what I can see, the weakest parts of college and graduate school preparation programs are in the area of management theory and practical educational method. It is to this question of method I wish to direct my remarks.

Prior to launching directly into the topic I want to note that a consciousness of Parish Community should be uppermost in these varying preparations. The territorial parish, for the foreseeable future, will be the basic unit of Catholic Church life. It is the fundamental structure wherein most religious teaching and administrating will go on.
Con Men and a Conned Society: Religion in Contemporary American Cinema
Authors: May John R.
Published: August 2016

Experimental cinema aside, our culturally typical films are all visual stories. To discover a film's religious meaning, we must do more than interpret dialogue; the cultural context of the film and its overall structure as visual story must be analyzed. American culture has characteristically explored the religious question by exposing the demons in our lives. Thus, our cinema at its recent best has—in the mode of visual parable—been subverting the facile optimism of the American dream by revealing the evil within us and our institutions. It has done this most effectively and artistically, not in its blatant presentations of the demon as persona, but rather through the portrayal of human analogues of the demonic: the satanic heart in man and the pervasive presence of the con man in society.