bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of cement strength class on the generalization of Abrams' law
Authors: Kargari Amirhossein , Eskandari‐Naddaf Hamid , Kazemi Ramin
Published: November 2018

Abrams' law is used to predict the compressive strength of cementitious materials based on water/cement ratio (W/C). While compressive strength does not only depend on W/C, but also there are many factors that influence the strength of mortar, such as cement strength class and sand/cement ratio (S/C). Novelty of this study, the effect of three types of cement strength classes in 54 cement mortar mix designs on generalization of modified Abrams' law and Bolomey's formula are investigated. Modified equations base on cement strength class and S/C were proposed for the compressive and flexural strength of cement mortar in the range between a very low W/C and a very high W/C. The results showed that the modified equations additional to W/C are strongly influenced by the cement strength class and S/C. Moreover, to show sensitivity of above parameters microstructural characteristics were also studied by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an energy dispersive spectrometer analysis (EDS).
Three‐dimensional nonlinear creep and shrinkage effects of a long‐span prestressed concrete box girder bridge
Authors: Li Shiwei , Yang Yongqing , Pu Qianhui , Yang Deng , Sun Baolin , Li Xiaobin
Published: November 2018

To analyze the impacts of creep and shrinkage effects on the behaviors of long‐span prestressed concrete box girder bridges, a new nonlinear analysis model of creep and shrinkage effects that comprehensively considered three‐dimensional (3D) characteristics and girder damage evolution was presented. A corresponding numerical analysis method was implemented into the ABAQUS user‐supplied subroutine; this method was verified by comparing the analytical results to the classical experimental results. Finally, a continuous rigid frame bridge with a main span of 220 m was taken as an engineering example, and the analysis results and in situ measured data of long‐term deflection were compared. The results show that the 3D characteristic and the nonlinear property of creep have significant impacts on the prediction of long‐term deflection.
Seismic partitioned fragility analysis for high‐rise RC chimney considering multidimensional ground motion
Authors: Zhou Changdong , Tian Miaowang , Guo Kunpeng
Published: November 2018

In order to identify the vulnerable parts and areas of the high‐rise reinforced concrete chimney, this paper presents an effective method, which called partitioned fragility analysis. One 240‐m‐high reinforced concrete chimney was selected as the practical project, and its analytical model was created with ABAQUS software. The selected high‐rise chimney structure was divided into 17 parts, and then the damage probability of each part in different damage states was obtained with the fragility analysis considering multidimensional ground motions. Twenty ground motion records were taken from the Next Generation Attenuation database as the input motions, and the peak ground acceleration was selected as the intensity measure. The response of the chimney structure under multidimensional ground motions was obtained based on incremental dynamic analysis. The maximum strains of concrete and steel bars were defined as the damage limit states of the chimney structure. The fragility curves and surfaces obtained from this analysis showed that the vulnerable areas of the chimney structure appear at 0–20 m, 90–130 m, and 150–200 m along the height of the chimney respectively. Based analytical results, these vulnerable parts can be retrofitted to enhance the seismic resistance of existing chimney structures. And the partitioned fragility analysis method can also be used to improve the design of new chimney structures.
Seismic design and assessment of structures with viscous dampers at limit state levels: Focus on probability of damage in devices
Authors: Sepehri Ahmad , Taghikhany Touraj , Ahmadi Namin Seyed Mohammad Reza
Published: November 2018

During large earthquakes, the seismic demand of viscous dampers may exceed their capacity. In this regard, current design codes must consider extreme conditions and preserve the damper at limit state levels. Here, by adjusting the damping coefficient, a procedure is introduced to mitigate device damages during severe earthquakes. To assess the procedure, 15 special moment resisting frames with a different number of stories (two, four, and eight) were designed by three methods: The recommended novel procedure, the seismic provisions of ASCE7, and the procedure proposed by Miyamoto et al. for structures, installed with supplemental damping devices. A series of incremental dynamic analyses were then performed by modeling the limit state behavior of viscous dampers. Results indicated that the novel method reduces the damage probability of dampers as well as the maximum demands on the structure at different seismic hazard levels.
The Hierarchy of Fregean Senses
Authors: Simchen Ori ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: November 2018

The question whether Frege’s theory of indirect reference enforces an infinite hierarchy of senses has been hotly debated in the secondary literature. Perhaps the most influential treatment of the issue is that of Burge (1979), who offers an argument for the hierarchy from rather minimal Fregean assumptions. I argue that this argument, endorsed by many, does not itself enforce an infinite hierarchy of senses. I conclude that whether or not the theory of indirect reference can avail itself of only finitely many senses is pending further theoretical development.
Yields and production rates of cosmogenic 9Li and 8He measured with the Double Chooz near and far detectors
Authors:   The Double Chooz collaboration, de Kerret H. , Abrahão T. , Almazan H. , dos Anjos J. C. , Appel S. , Barriere J. C. , Bekman I. , Bezerra T. J. C. , Bezrukov L. , Blucher E. , Brugière T. , Buck C. , Busenitz J. , Cabrera A. , Cerrada M. , Chauveau E. , Chimenti P. , Corpace O. , Dawson J. V. , Djurcic Z. , Etenko A. , Franco D. , Furuta H. , Gil-Botella I. , Givaudan A. , Gomez H. , Gonzalez L. F. G. , Goodman M. C. , Hara T. , Haser J. , Hellwig D. , Hourlier A. , Ishitsuka M. , Jochum J. , Jollet C. , Kale K. , Kaneda M. , Karakac M. , Kawasaki T. , Kemp E. , Kryn D. , Kuze M. , Lachenmaier T. , Lane C. E. , Lasserre T. , Lastoria C. , Lhuillier D. , Lima H. P. , Lindner M. , López-Castaño J. M. , LoSecco J. M. , Lubsandorzhiev B. , Maeda J. , Mariani C. , Maricic J. , Martino J. , Matsubara T. , Mention G. , Meregaglia A. , Miletic T. , Milincic R. , Navas-Nicolás D. , Novella P. , Nunokawa H. , Oberauer L. , Obolensky M. , Onillon A. , Oralbaev A. , Palomares C. , Pepe I. M. , Pronost G. , Reichenbacher J. , Reinhold B. , Settimo M. , Schönert S. , Schoppmann S. , Scola L. , Sharankova R. , Sibille V. , Sinev V. , Skorokhvatov M. , Soldin P. , Stahl A. , Stancu I. , Stokes L. F. F. , Suekane F. , Sukhotin S. , Sumiyoshi T. , Sun Y. , Tonazzo A. , Veyssiere C. , Viaud B. , Vivier M. , Wagner S. , Wiebusch C. , Wurm M. , Yang G. , Yermia F.
Published: November 2018

Abstract

The yields and production rates of the radioisotopes 9Li and 8He created by cosmic muon spallation on 12C, have been measured by the two detectors of the Double Chooz experiment. The identical detectors are located at separate sites and depths, which means that they are subject to different muon spectra. The near (far) detector has an overburden of ∼120 m.w.e. (∼300 m.w.e.) corresponding to a mean muon energy of 32.1 ± 2.0 GeV (63.7 ± 5.5 GeV). Comparing the data to a detailed simulation of the 9Li and 8He decays, the contribution of the 8He radioisotope at both detectors is found to be compatible with zero. The observed 9Li yields in the near and far detectors are 5.51 ± 0.51 and 7.90 ± 0.51, respectively, in units of 10−8
μ
−1g−1cm2. The shallow overburdens of the near and far detectors give a unique insight when combined with measurements by KamLAND and Borexino to give the first multi-experiment, data driven relationship between the 9Li yield and the mean muon energy according to the power law

$$ Y = {Y}_0{\left(\left\langle {E}_{\mu}\right\rangle /1\ GeV\right)}^{\overline{\alpha}} $$

Y
=

Y
0

E
μ

/
1

GeV

α
¯

, giving

$$ \overline{\alpha} = 0.72 \pm 0.06 $$

α
¯

=

0.72

±

0.06

and Y
0 = (0.43 ± 0.11) × 10−8
μ
−1g−1cm2. This relationship gives future liquid scintillator based experiments the ability to predict their cosmogenic 9Li background rates.
Lung Adenocarcinoma has a Higher Risk of Lymph Node Metastasis than Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Propensity Score‐Matched Analysis
Authors: Deng Han‐Yu , Zeng Miao , Li Gang , Alai Guha , Luo Jun , Liu Lun‐Xu , Zhou Qinghua , Lin Yi‐Dan
Published: November 2018

Background

Controversy still exists in which subtype of non‐small‐cell lung cancer [squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or adenocarcinoma] is more likely to have lymph node (LN) metastasis. The aim of this study is to compare the pattern of LN metastasis in two cohorts of matched patients surgically treated for SCC or adenocarcinoma.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing lobectomy or segmentectomy with systematic lymphadenectomy without preoperative treatment for lung SCC or adenocarcinoma was conducted in this study. Data for analysis consisted of age, gender, tumor size, lobe‐specific tumor location, tumor location (peripheral or central), and pathologic findings. We conducted the propensity score‐matched (PSM) analysis to eliminate potential bias effects of possible confounding factors.

Results

From January 2015 to December 2016 in our department, we finally included a total of 387 patients (including 63 patients with SCC and 324 patients with adenocarcinoma) for analysis. For the unmatched cohort, there was no sufficient evidence of significantly different number of positive LNs (P = 0.90) and rate of LN metastasis (P = 0.23) between SCC patients and adenocarcinoma patients. However, potential confounding factors, for example gender, tumor size, tumor location, tumor differentiation, and total number of dissected LNs, were significantly different between patients with SCC and those with adenocarcinoma. In the analysis of matched cohort after PSM analysis, those above confounding factors were comparable between the two groups. However, patients with adenocarcinoma had significantly more mean positive LNs (2.2 and 0.7; P = 0.008) and a higher rate of LN metastasis (53% and 29%; P = 0.016) than those with SCC.

Conclusions

Lung adenocarcinoma had a higher risk of LN metastasis than SCC, suggesting that different therapeutic modalities may be indicated for the two different subtypes of lung cancer.
Indications and Outcomes of a Cross‐Linked Porcine Dermal Collagen Mesh (Permacol) for Complex Abdominal Wall Reconstruction: A Multicenter Audit
Authors: Doussot Alexandre , Abo‐Alhassan Fawaz , Derbal Sofiane , Fournel Isabelle , Kasereka‐Kisenge Faustin , Codjia Tatiana , Khalil Haitham , Dubuisson Vincent , Najah Haythem , Laurent Alexis , Romain Benoît , Barrat Christophe , Trésallet Christophe , Mathonnet Muriel , Ortega‐Deballon Pablo
Published: November 2018

Introduction

To reduce the occurrence of complications in the setting of high‐risk patients with contaminated operative field, a wide range of biologic meshes has been developed. Yet, few series have reported outcomes after abdominal wall repair (AWR) using such meshes. Permacol is an acellular porcine dermal collagen matrix with a cross‐linked pattern. This study reports short‐ and long‐term outcomes after AWR for incisional hernia using Permacol.

Materials and methods

All consecutive patients undergoing single‐stage open AWR using Permacol mesh at eight university hospitals were included. Mortality, complication and hernia recurrence rates were assessed. Independent risk factors for complications and hernia recurrence were identified with logistic regression and Fine and Gray analysis, respectively.

Results

Overall, 250 patients underwent single‐stage AWR with Permacol. Nearly 80% had a VHWG grade 3 or 4 defect. In‐hospital mortality and complication rates were 4.8% (n = 12) and 61.6% (n = 154), respectively. Reintervention for complications was required for 74 patients (29.6%). Mesh explantation rate was 4% (n = 10). Independent risk factors for complications were smoking, defect size and VHWG grade. After a mean follow‐up time of 16.8 months (± 18.1 months), 63 (25.2%) experienced hernia recurrence. One‐, 2‐ and 3‐year RFS were 90%, 74% and 57%, respectively. Previous AWR, mesh location and the need for reintervention were independent predictors of hernia recurrence.

Discussion

Single‐stage AWR is feasible using Permacol. Mortality and complication rates are high due to patients’ comorbidities and the degree of contamination of the operative field. Given the observed recurrence rate, the benefit of biologics remains to be ascertained.
Treatment of chronic heart failure in the 21st century: A new era of biomedical engineering has come
Authors: Hu Chun‐Song , Wu Qing‐Hua , Hu Da‐Yi , Tkebuchava Tengiz
Published: November 2018

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a challenging burden on public health. Therapeutic strategies for CHF have developed rapidly in the past decades from conventional medical therapy, which mainly includes administration of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta‐blockers, and aldosterone antagonists, to biomedical engineering methods, which include interventional engineering, such as percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy, percutaneous coronary intervention, catheter ablation, biventricular pacing or cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and CRT‐defibrillator use, and implantable cardioverter defibrillator use; mechanical engineering, such as left ventricular assistant device use, internal artery balloon counterpulsation, cardiac support device use, and total artificial heart implantation; surgical engineering, such as coronary artery bypass graft, valve replacement or repair of rheumatic or congenital heart diseases, and heart transplantation (HT); regenerate engineering, which includes gene therapy, stem cell transplantation, and tissue engineering; and rehabilitating engineering, which includes exercise training, low‐salt diet, nursing, psychological interventions, health education, and external counterpulsation/enhanced external counterpulsation in the outpatient department. These biomedical engineering therapies have greatly improved the symptoms of CHF and life expectancy. To date, pharmacotherapy, which is based on evidence‐based medicine, large‐scale, multi‐center, randomized controlled clinical trials, is still a major treatment option for CHF; the current interventional and mechanical device engineering treatment for advanced CHF is not enough owing to its individual status. In place of HT or the use of a total artificial heart, stem cell technology and gene therapy in regenerate engineering for CHF are very promising. However, each therapy has its advantages and disadvantages, and it is currently possible to select better therapeutic strategies for patients with CHF according to cost‐efficacy analyses of these therapies. Taken together, we think that a new era of biomedical engineering for CHF has begun.
Combinatorics of one-dimensional simple Toeplitz subshifts
Authors: SELL DANIEL
Published: November 2018

This paper provides a systematic study of fundamental combinatorial properties of one-dimensional, two-sided infinite simple Toeplitz subshifts. Explicit formulas for the complexity function, the palindrome complexity function and the repetitivity function are proved. Moreover, a complete description of the de Bruijn graphs of the subshifts is given. Finally, the Boshernitzan condition is characterized in terms of combinatorial quantities, based on a recent result of Liu and Qu [Uniform convergence of Schrödinger cocycles over simple Toeplitz subshift. Ann. Henri Poincaré12(1) (2011), 153–172]. Particular simple characterizations are provided for simple Toeplitz subshifts that correspond to the orbital Schreier graphs of the family of Grigorchuk’s groups, a class of subshifts that serves as the main example throughout the paper.
Applying a meal coding system to 16-d weighed dietary record data in the Japanese context: towards the development of simple meal-based dietary assessment tools
Authors: Murakami Kentaro , Livingstone M. Barbara E. , Sasaki Satoshi , Hirota Naoko , Notsu Akiko , Miura Ayako , Todoriki Hidemi , Fukui Mitsuru , Date Chigusa
Published: November 2018

Data on the combination of foods consumed simultaneously at specific eating occasions are scarce, primarily due to a lack of assessment tools. We applied a recently developed meal coding system to multiple-day dietary intake data for assessing its ability to estimate food and nutrient intakes and characterise meal-based dietary patterns in the Japanese context. A total of 242 Japanese adults completed sixteen non-consecutive-day weighed dietary records, including 14 734 eating occasions (3788 breakfasts, 3823 lunches, 3856 dinners and 3267 snacks). Common food group combinations were identified by meal type to identify a range of generic meals. Dietary intake was calculated on the basis of not only the standard food composition database but also the substituted generic meal database. In total, eighty generic meals (twenty-three breakfasts, twenty-one lunches, twenty-four dinners and twelve snacks) were identified. The Spearman correlation coefficients between food group intakes calculated based on the standard food composition database and the substituted generic meal database ranged from 0·26 to 0·85 (median 0·69). The corresponding correlations for nutrient intakes ranged from 0·17 to 0·82 (median 0·61). A total of eleven meal patterns were established using principal components analysis, and these accounted for 39·1 % of total meal variance. Considerable variation in patterns was seen in meal type inclusion and choice of staple foods (bread, rice and noodles) and drinks, and also in meal constituents. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the usefulness of a meal coding system for assessing habitual diet, providing a scientific basis towards the development of simple meal-based dietary assessment tools.
Control of Plasmodium vivax malaria by mass chemoprevention with primaquine
Authors: Kim Hyon-Ok , Ko Tong-Chan , Kim Song-Su , Im Song-Guk , Kim Yun-Nam
Published: November 2018

In Democratic People's Republic of Korea, only Plasmodium vivax malaria is prevalent, which is divided into two forms – long incubation form and short form. Among malaria cases reported in a year, long form accounts for 69% and short form 31%. Incubation period of short form ranges from 10 to 29 days (average 17 days) and long from 5·5 to 16 months (average 8–13 months). The most relapses (90%) were reported from May to September – malaria transmission season in the country. Result from preliminary mass chemoprevention in small size of population before transmission season to find appropriate method showed high protective efficacy in two regimens – one regimen given primaquine 0·25 mg base kg−1 day−1 for 14 days (95%) and another 0·5 mg base kg−1 day−1 for 7 days (94%). During the mass chemoprevention with primaquine, some adverse effects were reported but transient. We consider that mass chemoprevention with primaquine before transmission season is of great significance in disturbing the vivax malaria transmission, in which long incubation form is predominant in countries prevailing seasonal malaria.
Influence of Different Acid Treatments on the Radiocarbon Content Spectrum of Sedimentary Organic Matter Determined by RPO/Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Bao Rui , McNichol Ann P , Hemingway Jordon D , Lardie Gaylord Mary C , Eglinton Timothy I
Published: November 2018

In practice, obtaining radiocarbon (14C) composition of organic matter (OM) in sediments requires first removing inorganic carbon (IC) by acid-treatment. Two common treatments are acid rinsing and fumigation. Resulting14C content obtained by different methods can differ, but underlying causes of these differences remain elusive. To assess the influence of different acid-treatments on14C content of sedimentary OM, we examine the variability in14C content for a range of marine and river sediments. By comparing results for unacidified and acidified sediments [HCl rinsing (RinseHCl) and HCl fumigation (FumeHCl)], we demonstrate that the two acid-treatments can affect14C content differentially. Our findings suggest that, for low-carbonate samples, RinseHClaffects the Fm values due to loss of young labile organic carbon (OC). FumeHClmakes the Fm values for labile OC decrease, leaving the residual OC older. High-carbonate samples can lose relatively old organic components during RinseHCl, causing the Fm values of remaining OC to increase. FumeHClcan remove thermally labile, usually young, OC and reduce the Fm values. We suggest three factors should be taken into account when using acid to remove carbonate from sediments: IC abundance, proportions of labile and refractory OC, and environmental matrix.
Partisan Affect and Elite Polarization
Authors: DIERMEIER DANIEL , LI CHRISTOPHER
Published: November 2018

We examine the interaction between partisan affect and elite
polarization in a behavioral voting model. Voting is determined by
affect rather than rational choice. Parties are office-motivated;
they choose policies to win elections. We show that parties bias
their policies toward their partisans if voters exhibit ingroup
responsiveness, i.e., they respond more strongly to their own
party’s policy deviations than to policy deviations by the other
party. Our results suggest that affective polarization is a driver
of the growing elite polarization in American politics. Importantly,
this observation does not assume any shifts in the voters’ bliss
points and is therefore orthogonal to the controversy over whether
the American electorate has become more polarized in ideology.
Trichostatin A inducesTrypanosoma cruzihistone and tubulin acetylation: effects on cell division and microtubule cytoskeleton remodelling
Authors: de Oliveira Santos Jean , Zuma Aline Araujo , de Luna Vitorino Francisca Nathalia , da Cunha Julia Pinheiro Chagas , de Souza Wanderley , Motta Maria Cristina M.
Published: November 2018

Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, is a public health concern in Latin America. Epigenetic events, such as histone acetylation, affect DNA topology, replication and gene expression. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are involved in chromatin compaction and post-translational modifications of cytoplasmic proteins, such as tubulin. HDAC inhibitors, like trichostatin A (TSA), inhibit tumour cell proliferation and promotes ultrastructural modifications. In the present study, TSA effects on cell proliferation, viability, cell cycle and ultrastructure were evaluated, as well as on histone acetylation and tubulin expression of theT. cruziepimastigote form. Protozoa proliferation and viability were reduced after treatment with TSA. Quantitative proteomic analyses revealed an increase in histone acetylation after 72 h of TSA treatment. Surprisingly, results obtained by different microscopy methodologies indicate that TSA does not affect chromatin compaction, but alters microtubule cytoskeleton dynamics and impair kDNA segregation, generating polynucleated cells with atypical morphology. Confocal fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry assays indicated that treated cell microtubules were more intensely acetylated. Increases in tubulin acetylation may be directly related to the higher number of parasites in the G2/M phase after TSA treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that deacetylase inhibitors represent excellent tools for understanding trypanosomatid cell biology.
How bureaucratic leadership shapes policy outcomes: partisan politics and affluent citizens’ incomes in the American states
Authors: Berkowitz Daniel , Krause George A.
Published: November 2018

We maintain that political institutions’ policy objectives are best met under conditions when they are unified, and also when their administrative leadership is effective. We apply this argument to the understanding of how unified Democratic and Republican governments in the American states have influenced the incomes of affluent citizens. We find that affluent income gains occur under unified Republican state governments when compensation to executive agency heads is sufficiently high. These income gains are notable relative to both divided and unified partisan control of state governments. The evidence highlights the asymmetric role that bureaucratic leadership plays in attaining policy outcomes consistent with political institutions’ policy preferences, while underscoring the limits of electoral institutions to shape policy outcomes of their own accord. Efforts to lower the capacity of the administrative leadership constrain unified political institutions from converting their policy objectives into policy outcomes.
‘We walk, we laugh, we dance’: refugee experiences of older Chin women in Kuala Lumpur
Authors: Lamb Nicole , Hoffstaedter Gerhard
Published: November 2018

Older persons are among the most vulnerable of refugees seeking protection in Malaysia, yet seldom are they the focus of the work of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, local charities or non-government organisations. In-depth ethnographic research with a group of older Chin women in Kuala Lumpur demonstrates both the vulnerability and resilience of older refugees in urban environments. Older refugees play a crucial role in sustaining families and communities. They provide much-needed support to refugee communities who struggle to meet the needs of everyday life in the absence of protection protocols.
Duration of untreated illness in a cross-diagnostic sample of obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder
Authors: Vigne Paula , Fortes Pedro , Dias Rafaela V. , Laurito Luana D. , Loureiro Carla P. , de Menezes Gabriela B. , Stangier Ulrich , Fontenelle Leonardo F.
Published: November 2018

Objective

In this study, we compared duration of untreated illness (DUI) in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder (PD), and social anxiety disorder (SAD) patients and investigated its correlates, both within specific diagnoses and across the whole sample.

Methods

Eighty-eight patients (33 OCD, 24 SAD, and 31 PD) had their diagnosis confirmed by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, were assessed for treatment-seeking variables, and were evaluated with instruments aimed at quantifying transdiagnostic features (i.e., the Cause subscale of the Illness Perception Questionnaire–Mental Health and the Anxiety Sensitivity Index–Revised) and severity of illness (i.e., Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories, the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale, and the Social Phobia Inventory).

Results

The only differences between groups with short (<2 years) versus long (>2 years) DUI were greater fear of public display of anxiety in the first group and greater social avoidance in the second group. The DUI was significantly different between groups that sought treatment after the onset of illness, with OCD patients having longer DUI than PD patients and shorter DUI than SAD patients. Further, DUI correlated negatively with the perception of OCD being caused by stress and positively with severity of panic-related disability in SAD patients, but not in PD or OCD patients.

Conclusion

There was substantial delay in treatment seeking among the anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder patients, particularly those with OCD or SAD. Perception of stress as a cause of OCD prompted treatment seeking, while severity of panic symptoms delayed treatment seeking.
Can Closed-mindedness be an Intellectual Virtue?
Authors: Battaly Heather
Published: November 2018

Is closed-mindedness always an intellectual vice? Are there conditions in which it might be an intellectual virtue? This paper adopts a working analysis of closed-mindedness as an unwillingness or inability to engage seriously with relevant intellectual options. In standard cases, closed-mindedness will be an intellectual vice. But, in epistemically hostile environments, closed-mindedness will be an intellectual virtue.
On Anger, Silence, and Epistemic Injustice
Authors: Bailey Alison
Published: November 2018

If anger is the emotion of injustice, and if most injustices have prominent epistemic dimensions, then where is the anger in epistemic injustice? Despite the question my task is not to account for the lack of attention to anger in epistemic injustice discussions. Instead, I argue that a particular texture of transformative anger – a knowing resistant anger – offers marginalized knowers a powerful resource for countering epistemic injustice. I begin by making visible the anger that saturates the silences that epistemic injustices repeatedly manufacture and explain the obvious: silencing practices produce angry experiences. I focus on tone policing and tone vigilance to illustrate the relationship between silencing and angry knowledge management. Next, I use María Lugones's pluralist account of anger to bring out the epistemic dimensions of knowing resistant anger in a way that also calls attention to their histories and felt textures. The final section draws on feminist scholarship about the transformative power of angry knowledge to suggest how it might serve as a resource for resisting epistemic injustice.
Healthcare Practice, Epistemic Injustice, and Naturalism
Authors: Kidd Ian James , Carel Havi
Published: November 2018

Ill persons suffer from a variety of epistemically-inflected harms and wrongs. Many of these are interpretable as specific forms of what we dubpathocentric epistemic injustices, these being ones that target and track ill persons. We sketch the general forms of pathocentric testimonial and hermeneutical injustice, each of which are pervasive within the experiences of ill persons during their encounters in healthcare contexts and the social world. What's epistemically unjust might not be only agents, communities and institutions, but the theoretical conceptions of health that structure our responses to illness. Thus, we suggest that although such pathocentric epistemic injustices have a variety of interpersonal and structural causes, they are also sustained by a deeper naturalistic conception of the nature of illness.
Intersectional Violence against Women in Politics
Authors: Kuperberg Rebecca
Published: November 2018

The field of violence against women in politics (VAWIP) is so new, it seems unfair to discuss its “gaps”; rather, the study of VAWIP is defined by its uncharted territory. The bulk of existing literature, compiled by scholars as well as practitioners, emphasizes theoretical conceptualization, empirical forms of violence, and the tracking of incidents across regions (Krook 2017; Krook and Restrepo Sanín 2016). Researchers have stressed the gendered motivations and implications of VAWIP. In short, women are targets of violence because they are women and because they are in politics.
Back-testing the chain-ladder method
Authors: Gabrielli Andrea , Wüthrich Mario V.
Published: November 2018

The chain-ladder method is one of the most popular claims reserving techniques. The aim of this study is to back-test the chain-ladder method. For this purpose, we use a stochastic scenario generator that allows us to simulate arbitrarily many upper claims reserving triangles of similar characteristics for which we also know the corresponding lower triangles. Based on these simulated triangles, we analyse the performance of the chain-ladder claims reserving method.
Effect of metformin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes with respect to glyoxalase 1 activity in atherosclerotic lesions
Authors: Peters Andreas S. , Wortmann Markus , Fleming Thomas H. , Nawroth Peter P. , Bruckner Thomas , Böckler Dittmar , Hakimi Maani
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Background: The enzyme glyoxalase1 (GLO1) is the main opponent in the degradation of the reactive metabolite methylglyoxal (MG), which by glycation of macromolecules is involved in atherogenesis. Reduced GLO1-activity in atherosclerotic tissue is known to be associated with diabetes. It has been shown that treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes with metformin leads to increased GLO1-activity in peripheral-blood-cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether metformin treatment increases GLO1-activity in atherosclerotic lesions of patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients and methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes and carotid artery disease were included into the study prospectively. Type of diabetes-medication was documented upon admission along with demographic and clinical history. Using shock frozen endarterectomy-derived carotid artery plaques, GLO1-activity as well as protein expression was measured by a spectophotometric assay and western-blotting respectively. Results: 33 patients (76 % male, mean age 71 years) were included into the study and were divided according to treatment with metformin or not (15 vs. 18 patients). GLO1-activity was increased by the factor 1.36 when treated with metformin – however, not significantly (0.86 vs. 0.63 U/mg, p = 0.056). Normalisation of GLO1-activity onto GLO1-expression level lead to a significant increase by more than twofold (8.48 vs. 3.85, p = 0.044) while GLO1-protein levels did not differ significantly. GLO1-activity correlated positively with increasing HbA1c, especially under metformin treatment. Conclusions: Treatment with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes is associated with enhanced GLO1-activity in atherosclerotic lesions. Regarding the macro- and microvascular complications in these patients further studies are needed to gain more insight into the effect of metformin on the GLO/MG system.
Internet- and Mobile-Based Interventions for Mental and Somatic Conditions in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Domhardt Matthias , Steubl Lena , Baumeister Harald
Published: November 2018

Abstract. This meta-review integrates the current meta-analysis literature on the efficacy of internet- and mobile-based interventions (IMIs) for mental disorders and somatic diseases in children and adolescents. Further, it summarizes the moderators of treatment effects in this age group. Using a systematic literature search of PsycINFO and MEDLINE/PubMed, we identified eight meta-analyses (N = 8,417) that met all inclusion criteria. Current meta-analytical evidence of IMIs exists for depression (range of standardized mean differences, SMDs = .16 to .76; 95 % CI: –.12 to 1.12; k = 3 meta-analyses), anxiety (SMDs = .30 to 1.4; 95 % CI: –.53 to 2.44; k = 5) and chronic pain (SMD = .41; 95 % CI: .07 to .74; k = 1) with predominantly nonactive control conditions (waiting-list; placebo). The effect size for IMIs across mental disorders reported in one meta-analysis is SMD = 1.27 (95 % CI: .96 to 1.59; k = 1), the effect size of IMIs for different somatic conditions is SMD = .49 (95 % CI: .33 to .64; k = 1). Moderators of treatment effects are age (k = 3), symptom severity (k = 1), and source of outcome assessment (k = 1). Quality ratings with the AMSTAR-2-checklist indicate acceptable methodological rigor of meta-analyses included. Taken together, this meta-review suggests that IMIs are efficacious in some health conditions in youths, with evidence existing primarily for depression and anxiety so far. The findings point to the potential of IMIs to augment evidence based mental healthcare for children and adolescents.
Scanlon Receives 2018 Hydrologic Sciences Award
Authors:   AGU
Published: November 2018

Bridget Scanlon will receive the 2018 Hydrologic Sciences Award at AGU’s Fall Meeting 2018, to be held 10–14 December in Washington, D.�C. The award is for “outstanding contributions to the science of hydrology.”
Microscopic Observations of Pulsating Aurora Associated With Chorus Element Structures: Coordinated Arase Satellite‐PWING Observations
Authors: Ozaki M. , Shiokawa K. , Miyoshi Y. , Hosokawa K. , Oyama S. , Yagitani S. , Kasahara Y. , Kasaba Y. , Matsuda S. , Kataoka R. , Ebihara Y. , Ogawa Y. , Otsuka Y. , Kurita S. , Moore R. C. , Tanaka Y.‐M. , Nosé M. , Nagatsuma T. , Connors M. , Nishitani N. , Katoh Y. , Hikishima M. , Kumamoto A. , Tsuchiya F. , Kadokura A. , Nishiyama T. , Inoue T. , Imamura K. , Matsuoka A. , Shinohara I.
Published: November 2018

Rapid (<1 s) intensity modulation of pulsating auroras is caused by successive chorus elements as a response to wave‐particle interactions in the magnetosphere. Here we found that a pulsating auroral patch responds to the time spacing for successive chorus elements and possibly to chorus subpacket structures with a time scale of tens of milliseconds. These responses were identified from coordinated Arase satellite and ground (Gakona, Alaska) observations with a high‐speed auroral imager (100 Hz). The temporal variations of auroral intensity in a few‐hertz frequency range exhibited a spatial concentration at the lower‐latitude edge of the auroral patch. The spatial evolution of the auroral patch showed repeated expansion/contraction with tens of kilometer scales in the ionosphere, which could be spatial behaviors in the wave‐particle interactions. These observations indicate that chorus elements evolve coherently within the auroral patch, which is approximately 900 km in the radial and longitudinal directions at the magnetic equator.
Extreme Value Analysis of Solar Flare Events
Authors: Tsiftsi T. , De la Luz V.
Published: November 2018

Space weather events such as solar flares can be harmful for life and infrastructure on Earth or in near‐Earth orbit. In this paper we employ extreme value theory to model extreme solar flare events; extreme value theory offers the appropriate tools for the study and estimation of probabilities for extrapolation to ranges outside of those that have already been observed. In this work the data points used are inherently independent and realistic confidence intervals are offered with respect to the estimates of future solar flare events. The data used in this study are peak X‐ray fluxes provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration that form a series of distinct flare events. The expected return levels for Carrington‐ or Halloween storm‐like events were calculated with the outcome that the existing data predict similar events happening in 110 and 38 years, respectively, which are consistent with the results and inferences provided by Elvidge and Angling (2018,https://doi.org/10.1002/2017SW001727). We also make a preliminary analysis of the implications of solar seasonality and found its effect on extreme flare events to be statistically insignificant.
Hypoxia-mediated mitochondria apoptosis inhibition induces temozolomide treatment resistance through miR-26a/Bad/Bax axis
Authors: Ge Xin , Pan Min-Hong , Wang Lin , Li Wei , Jiang Chengfei , He Jun , Abouzid Khaled , Liu Ling-Zhi , Shi Zhumei , Jiang Bing-Hua
Published: November 2018

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most hypoxic tumors of the central nervous system. Although temozolomide (TMZ) is an effective clinical agent in the GBM therapy, the hypoxic microenvironment remains a major barrier in glioma chemotherapy resistance, and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we find hypoxia can induce the protective response to mitochondrion via HIF-1α-mediated miR-26a upregulation which is associated with TMZ resistance in vitro and in vivo. Further, we demonstrated that HIF-1α/miR-26a axis strengthened the acquisition of TMZ resistance through prevention of Bax and Bad in mitochondria dysfunction in GBM. In addition, miR-26a expression levels negatively correlate with Bax, Bad levels, and GBM progression; but highly correlate with HIF-1α levels in clinical cancer tissues. These findings provide a new link in the mechanistic understanding of TMZ resistance under glioma hypoxia microenvironment, and consequently HIF-1α/miR-26a/Bax/Bad signaling pathway as a promising adjuvant therapy for GBM with TMZ.
Locomotion modulates specific functional cell types in the mouse visual thalamus
Authors: Aydın Çağatay , Couto João , Giugliano Michele , Farrow Karl , Bonin Vincent
Published: November 2018

The visual system is composed of diverse cell types that encode distinct aspects of the visual scene and may form separate processing channels. Here we present further evidence for that hypothesis whereby functional cell groups in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) are differentially modulated during behavior. Using simultaneous multi-electrode recordings in dLGN and primary visual cortex (V1) of behaving mice, we characterized the impact of locomotor activity on response amplitude, variability, correlation and spatiotemporal tuning. Locomotion strongly impacts the amplitudes of dLGN and V1 responses but the effects on variability and correlations are relatively minor. With regards to tunings, locomotion enhances dLGN responses to high temporal frequencies, preferentially affecting ON transient cells and neurons with nonlinear responses to high spatial frequencies. Channel specific modulations may serve to highlight particular visual inputs during active behaviors.
Age-related declines in α-Klotho drive progenitor cell mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired muscle regeneration
Authors: Sahu A. , Mamiya H. , Shinde S. N. , Cheikhi A. , Winter L. L. , Vo N. V. , Stolz D. , Roginskaya V. , Tang W. Y. , St. Croix C. , Sanders L. H. , Franti M. , Van Houten B. , Rando T. A. , Barchowsky A. , Ambrosio F.
Published: November 2018

While young muscle is capable of restoring the original architecture of damaged myofibers, aged muscle displays a markedly reduced regeneration. We show that expression of the “anti-aging” protein, α-Klotho, is up-regulated within young injured muscle as a result of transient Klotho promoter demethylation. However, epigenetic control of the Klotho promoter is lost with aging. Genetic inhibition of α-Klotho in vivo disrupted muscle progenitor cell (MPC) lineage progression and impaired myofiber regeneration, revealing a critical role for α-Klotho in the regenerative cascade. Genetic silencing of Klotho in young MPCs drove mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and decreased cellular bioenergetics. Conversely, supplementation with α-Klotho restored mtDNA integrity and bioenergetics of aged MPCs to youthful levels in vitro and enhanced functional regeneration of aged muscle in vivo in a temporally-dependent manner. These studies identify a role for α-Klotho in the regulation of MPC mitochondrial function and implicate α-Klotho declines as a driver of impaired muscle regeneration with age.
Engulfing cells promote neuronal regeneration and remove neuronal debris through distinct biochemical functions of CED-1
Authors: Chiu Hui , Zou Yan , Suzuki Nobuko , Hsieh Yi-Wen , Chuang Chiou-Fen , Wu Yi-Chun , Chang Chieh
Published: November 2018

Two important biological events happen coincidently soon after nerve injury in the peripheral nervous system in C. elegans: removal of axon debris and initiation of axon regeneration. But, it is not known how these two events are co-regulated. Mutants of ced-1, a homolog of Draper and MEGF10, display defects in both events. One model is that those events could be related. But our data suggest that they are actually separable. CED-1 functions in the muscle-type engulfing cells in both events and is enriched in muscle protrusions in close contact with axon debris and regenerating axons. Its two functions occur through distinct biochemical mechanisms; extracellular domain-mediated adhesion for regeneration and extracellular domain binding-induced intracellular domain signaling for debris removal. These studies identify CED-1 in engulfing cells as a receptor in debris removal but as an adhesion molecule in neuronal regeneration, and have important implications for understanding neural circuit repair after injury.
RIG-I like receptor sensing of host RNAs facilitates the cell-intrinsic immune response to KSHV infection
Authors: Zhao Yang , Ye Xiang , Dunker William , Song Yu , Karijolich John
Published: November 2018

The RIG-I like receptors (RLRs) RIG-I and MDA5 are cytosolic RNA helicases best characterized as restriction factors for RNA viruses. However, evidence suggests RLRs participate in innate immune recognition of other pathogens, including DNA viruses. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a human gammaherpesvirus and the etiological agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). Here, we demonstrate that RLRs restrict KSHV lytic reactivation and we demonstrate that restriction is facilitated by the recognition of host-derived RNAs. Misprocessed noncoding RNAs represent an abundant class of RIG-I substrates, and biochemical characterizations reveal that an infection-dependent reduction in the cellular triphosphatase DUSP11 results in an accumulation of select triphosphorylated noncoding RNAs, enabling their recognition by RIG-I. These findings reveal an intricate relationship between RNA processing and innate immunity, and demonstrate that an antiviral innate immune response can be elicited by the sensing of misprocessed cellular RNAs.
Control of spin-wave transmission by a programmable domain wall
Authors: Hämäläinen Sampo J. , Madami Marco , Qin Huajun , Gubbiotti Gianluca , van Dijken Sebastiaan
Published: November 2018

Active manipulation of spin waves is essential for the development of magnon-based technologies. Here, we demonstrate programmable spin-wave filtering by resetting the spin structure of pinned 90° Néel domain walls in a continuous CoFeB film with abrupt rotations of uniaxial magnetic anisotropy. Using micro-focused Brillouin light scattering and micromagnetic simulations, we show that broad 90° head-to-head or tail-to-tail magnetic domain walls are transparent to spin waves over a broad frequency range. In contrast, magnetic switching to a 90° head-to-tail configuration produces much narrower and strongly reflecting domain walls at the same pinning locations. Based on these results, we propose a magnetic spin-wave valve with two parallel domain walls. Switching the spin-wave valve from an open to a closed state changes the transmission of spin waves from nearly 100 to 0%. Active control over spin-wave transport through programmable domain walls could be utilized in magnonic logic devices or non-volatile memory elements.
Growth factor gene IGF1 is associated with bill size in the black-bellied seedcracker Pyrenestes ostrinus
Authors: vonHoldt Bridgett M. , Kartzinel Rebecca Y. , Huber Christian D. , Le Underwood Vinh , Zhen Ying , Ruegg Kristen , Lohmueller Kirk E. , Smith Thomas B.
Published: November 2018

Pyrenestesfinches are unique among birds in showing a non-sex-determined polymorphism in bill size and are considered a textbook example of disruptive selection. Morphs breed randomly with respect to bill size, and differ in diet and feeding performance relative to seed hardness. Previous breeding experiments are consistent with the polymorphism being controlled by a single genetic factor. Here, we use genome-wide pooled sequencing to explore the underlying genetic basis of bill morphology and identify a single candidate region. Targeted resequencing reveals extensive linkage disequilibrium across a 300 Kb region containing the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) gene, with a single 5-million-year-old haplotype associating with phenotypic dominance of the large-billed morph. We find no genetic similarities controlling bill size in the well-studied Darwin’s finches (Geospiza). Our results show how a single genetic factor may control bill size and provide a foundation for future studies to examine this phenomenon within and among avian species.