bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal Liquid-Based DNA Preservation for DNA Barcoding of Field-Collected Fungal Specimens
Authors: Lee Yu-Ja , Phang Guan Jie , Chen Che-Chih , Ou Jie-Hao , Huang Yin-Tse
Published: November 2023

Preserving fungal tissue DNA in the field is essential for molecular ecological research, enabling the study of fungal biodiversity and community dynamics. This study systematically compares two liquid-based preservation solutions, RNAlater and DESS, for their effectiveness in maintaining macrofungi DNA integrity during field collection and storage. The research encompasses both controlled experiments and real-world field collections. In the controlled experiments, two fungal species were preserved in RNAlater and DESS at different temperatures and durations. DNA extraction success rates were high, but DNA quality and quantity metrics exhibited variations across samples. However, both preservation solutions demonstrated their viability for preserving fungal DNA, with no significant differences between them. In the field-collected macrofungi experiment, 200 fungal specimens were collected and preserved in RNAlater and DESS. The DNA extraction success rate was 98%, with a few exceptions. The statistical analysis, including paired and independent t-tests, showed no statistically significant differences in DNA quality and quantity between the two preservation methods for the field-collected fungal samples. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of RNAlater and DESS for preserving macrofungi DNA in field conditions. Researchers can confidently choose between these methods based on their specific needs, without compromising the integrity of the DNA. This research contributes to the advancement of fungal molecular ecology and has broader implications for DNA preservation strategies in ecological and environmental studies.
Structural basis of RfaH-mediated transcription-translation coupling
Authors: Molodtsov Vadim , Wang Chengyuan , Kaelber Jason T. , Blaha Gregor , Ebright Richard H.
Published: November 2023

The NusG paralog RfaH mediates bacterial transcription-translation coupling on genes that contain a DNA sequence element, termed anopssite, required for pausing RNA polymerase (RNAP) and for loading RfaH onto the paused RNAP. Here we report cryo-EM structures of transcription-translation complexes (TTCs) containing RfaH. The results show that RfaH bridges RNAP and the ribosome, with the RfaH N-terminal domain interacting with RNAP, and with the RfaH C-terminal domain interacting with the ribosome. The results show that the distribution of translational and orientational positions of RNAP relative to the ribosome in RfaH-coupled TTCs is more restricted than in NusG-coupled TTCs, due to the more restricted flexibility of the RfaH interdomain linker. The results further show that the structural organization of RfaH-coupled TTCs in the "loading state," in which RNAP and RfaH are located at theopssite during formation of the TTC, is the same as the structural organization of RfaH-coupled TTCs in the "loaded state," in which RNAP and RfaH are located at positions downstream of theopssite during function of the TTC. The results define the structural organization of RfaH-containing TTCs and set the stage for analysis of functions of RfaH during translation initiation and transcription-translation coupling.

One sentence summary

Cryo-EM reveals the structural basis of transcription-translation coupling by RfaH.
Dengue virus exploits the host tRNA epitranscriptome to promote viral replication
Authors: Chan Cheryl , Sze Newman Siu Kwan , Suzuki Yuka , Ohira Takayuki , Suzuki Tsutomu , Begley Thomas J. , Dedon Peter C.
Published: November 2023

The 40-50 RNA modifications of the epitranscriptome regulate posttranscriptional gene expression. Here we show that flaviviruses hijack the host tRNA epitranscriptome to promote expression of pro-viral proteins, with tRNA-modifying ALKBH1 acting as a host restriction factor in dengue virus infection. Early in the infection of human Huh-7 cells, ALKBH1 and its tRNA products 5-formylcytidine (f5C) and 2’-O-methyl-5-formylcytidine (f5Cm) were reduced. ALKBH1 knockdown mimicked viral infection, but caused increased viral NS3 protein levels during infection, while ALKBH1 overexpression reduced NS3 levels and viral replication, and increased f5C and f5Cm. Viral NS5, but not host FTSJ1, increased f5Cm levels late in infection. Consistent with reports of impaired decoding of leucine UUA codon by f5Cm-modified tRNALeu(CAA), ALKBH1 knockdown induced translation of UUA-deficient transcripts, most having pro-viral functions. Our findings support a dynamic ALKBH1/f5Cm axis during dengue infection, with virally-induced remodeling of the proteome by tRNA reprogramming and codon-biased translation.
The effect of balanced energy-protein supplementation provided to lactating women on maternal and infant outcomes: study protocol for a prospectively planned individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis
Authors: Ciulei Mihaela A. , Zhou Shouhao , Gallagher Kelly , Taneja Sunita , Bhandari Nita , Kolsteren Patrick , Muhammad Ameer , Tielsch James M , Argaw Alemayehu , Chowdhury Ranadip , Christian Parul , Dailey-Chwalibóg Trenton , de Kok Brenda , Erchick Daniel J. , Jehan Fyezah , Katz Joanne , Khatry Subarna , Lachat Carl , Lama Tsering P , Nisar Muhammad Imran , Shafiq Yasir , Upadhyay Ravi , Gernand Alison D ,   Maternal BEP Studies Harmonization Initiative
Published: November 2023

Background

The high prevalence of infant stunting and maternal undernutrition in low- and middle-income countries poses a significant public health threat. The World Health Organization recommends balanced energy-protein (BEP) supplementation to pregnant women from populations with a high prevalence of underweight (prepregnancy BMI <18.5 kg/m2), leaving a notable gap in guidance for lactating women. To address this problem, we established the Maternal BEP Studies Harmonization Initiative (BEP Initiative) to investigate the impact of BEP supplementation given to pregnant and/or lactating women on maternal and infant outcomes by synthesizing data from multiple clinical trials. This is a study protocol for our prospective individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis on BEP lactation trials.

Methods

Data from four randomized controlled trials that include mother-infant dyads in India (n=816), Pakistan (n=957), Burkina Faso (n=800), and Nepal (n=726) will be pooled and analyzed. Women were randomized to BEP (one trial had a third arm with maternal BEP plus infants receiving azithromycin) or control groups at baseline (during the first week) and received the intervention through six months postpartum. A one-stage IPD meta-analysis will be done using mixed-effects linear and log-binomial regression models to account for between-trial heterogeneity. The primary outcome of infant length-for-age z scores (LAZ) at six months of age and secondary outcomes of maternal and infant indicators of nutritional status at six months of age will be examined. Also, we will examine baseline characteristics as covariates and effect modifiers for the BEP to outcome relationship. Risk of bias assessments will be carried out for each of the individual trials using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.

Discussion

This prospective IPD meta-analysis uses a one-stage IPD meta-analysis, which allows for higher statistical power to examine outcomes, more flexibility in defining variables, and has the ability to examine many individual- and study-level variables as effect modifiers, allowing conclusions on which individuals or populations may benefit more from BEP given during lactation.

Trial registration

This protocol was pre-registered in Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/9nq7z)
Detecting behavioural bias in GPS location data collected by mobile applications
Authors: Gibbs Hamish , Eggo Rosalind M. , Cheshire James
Published: November 2023

A commonly-used form of human mobility data, called in-app mobility data, is based on GPS locations collected from a panel of mobile applications. In this paper, we analysed daily travel patterns from in-app GPS data in the United Kingdom to identify characteristic modes of travel behaviour, and assessed whether certain behavioural modes were more common among users of different groups of mobile applications. We also explored the relative importance of different mobility behaviours for the topology of an aggregated travel network. Our findings point to the presence of behavioural bias in in-app mobility data driven by the interaction between mobile device users and specific mobile applications. Our study also presents a general methodology for detecting behavioural bias in in-app mobility data, allowing for greater transparency into the characteristics of in-app mobility datasets without risking individual privacy or identifying specific mobile applications underlying a given dataset. Overall, the analysis highlights the need to understand the process of data generation for in-app mobility data, and the way that this process can bias the collective dynamics reported in aggregate mobility data.
The UK Soft Drinks Industry Levy and childhood hospital admissions for asthma in England
Authors: Rogers Nina T , Cummins Steven , Jones Catrin P , Mytton Oliver T , Roberts Chrissy H , Shaheen Seif O. , Shah Syed Ahmar , Sheikh Aziz , White Martin , Adams Jean
Published: November 2023

Sugar sweetened beverage consumption has been suggested as a risk factor for asthma symptoms in children. We examined whether the UK Soft Drinks Industry Levy (SDIL), announced in March 2016 and implemented in April 2018, was associated with changes in National Health Service hospital admission rates for asthma in children.

We conducted interrupted time series analyses (2012 - 2020) to measure changes in monthly incidence rates of hospital admissions for asthma. Sub-analysis was by age-group (5-9, 10-14, 15-18 years) and neighbourhood deprivation quintiles. Estimated changes were relative to counterfactual scenarios where SDIL was neither announced, nor implemented. Compared to the counterfactual scenario there was an overall relative reduction in incidence rates of hospital admissions of 20.9% (95%CI: 29.6-12.2), 22 months post-SDIL. Reductions were similar across age-groups and deprivation quintiles with relative reductions of 24.3% (95%CI: 29.6-12.2) in children aged 10-14 years, and reductions of 23.2% (95%CI 33.4-13.1) in children living in the middle deprivation quintile. These findings provide evidence that the implementation of a tax intended to reduce childhood obesity in the UK preceded a potentially significant collateral public health benefit in the form of reduced hospital admissions for childhood asthma.
A microphysiological system for parallelized morphological and electrophysiological read-out of 3D neuronal cell culture
Authors: Jones Peter D. , Molina-Martínez Beatriz , Niedworok Anita , Cesare Paolo
Published: November 2023

Three-dimensional in vitro models in microfluidic systems are promising tools for studying cell biology, with complex models using multiple cell types combined with high resolution imaging. Neuronal models demand electrical readout of the activity of networks of single neurons, yet classical planar microelectrode arrays struggle to capture extracellular action potentials when neural soma are suspended distant from the microelectrodes. This study introduces sophisticated microfluidic microelectrode arrays, specifically tailored for electrophysiology of 3D neuronal cultures. Using multilayer photolithography of permanent epoxy photoresists, we developed devices having 12 independent culture modules in a convenient format. Each module has two adjacent compartments for hydrogel-based 3D cell culture, with tunnels allowing projection of neurites between compartments. Microelectrodes integrated in the tunnels record action potentials as they pass between the compartments. Mesh ceilings separate the compartments from overlying wells, allowing for simple cell seeding and later nutrient, gas and waste exchange and application of test substances. Using these devices, we have demonstrated 3D neuronal culture, including electrophysiological recording and live imaging. This microphysiological platform will enable high-throughput investigation of neuronal networks for investigation of neurological disorders, neural pharmacology and basic neuroscience. Further models could include cocultures representing multiple brain regions or innervation models of other organs.
Monocot-specificmiR528act as the post-transcriptional regulator of strigolactone signaling viaDwarf 3in rice
Authors: Balyan Sonia , Sharma Deepika , Kansal Shivani , Panwar Vaishali , Jajo Ringyao , Chithung Tonu Angaila , Raghuvanshi Saurabh
Published: November 2023

miRNAs are a critical component of regulatory mechanisms involved in plant growth, development, and stress response including phytohormone action. The role of miRNAs in regulating the strigolactone (SL) signaling in plants is still unexplored. Here we report that miR528 impacts the SL signaling via the post-transcriptional regulation ofDwarf 3(OsD3). Comparative miRNome analysis under drought conditions in flag leaf, inflorescence, and roots uncovered the tissue-biased unique stress response of miR528 in drought-tolerant N22 (down in inflorescence and roots; up in flag leaf). Consequently, its target,OsD3which encodes for the F-BOX/LRR-REPEAT MAX2 HOMOLOG and is a critical component of the rice SL signaling pathway exhibit opposite expression to miR528 in all three tissues. Interestingly,OsD3is a rice-specific target of miR528. miR528 overexpression plants exhibited early heading, increment in the number of tillers, flag leaf length, and width, number of panicle branches, grain per panicle, effective grains per panicle, seed length, and photosynthesis rate. miR528 overexpression plants exhibited similar traits toOsd3mutants including high tiller number, root architecture under low nitrogen conditions, and moderate insensitivity to GR24 and TIS1 levels in addition to shared transcriptional regulation. Furthermore, SL (GR24) negatively impacts the miR528 transcription. The impact of the miR528:D3 module is also reflected in the D53-mediated downstream signaling involving IPA1 regulon.
BDNF controls phosphorylation and transcriptional networks governing cytoskeleton organization and axonal regeneration
Authors: Vargas J.N.S. , Brown A.L. , Sun K. , Hagemann C. , Geary B. , Villarroel-Campos D. , Bryce-Smith S. , Zanovello M. , Lombardo M. , Ryandov E. , Stepic A. , Meysman L. , Majewski S. , Tosolini A.P. , Secrier M. , Keuss M.J. , Serio A. , Sleigh J.N. , Fratta P. , Schiavo G.
Published: November 2023

Axonal degeneration underlies neuromuscular disorders and neuropathies. Dysregulation of neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in the peripheral nervous system has long been established to exacerbate axonopathy. However, the molecular programs controlled by BDNF that facilitate axonal regeneration and transport are not well-understood. Here, we unravel the transcriptomic and phosphorylation landscape shaped by BDNF in human iPSC-derived motor neurons. Using SLAM-Seq, we reveal BDNF stimulation increases global transcription rate in motor neurons and governs gene regulatory networks that converge with those engaged during axonal repair/outgrowth. Phosphoproteomic analyses demonstrate that BDNF remodels the phosphorylation landscape of cytoskeletal-binding proteins, especially of structural microtubule-associated proteins. Importantly, the localized axonal-specific activation of ERK1/2 is necessary for BDNF to enhance axonal transport of neurotrophin-containing signaling endosomes and to potentiate axonal regeneration after axotomy. Collectively, this work unveils a novel molecular paradigm that positions BDNF as a core regulator of transcriptional and phosphorylation programs driving axonal regeneration and transport in human motor neurons.

HIGHLIGHTS

SLAM-seq reveals increased global transcriptional rate by BDNF in human motor neurons

BDNF modulates transcriptional programs that potentiate axonal outgrowth/regeneration

BDNF governs the phosphorylation landscape of cytoskeletal-binding proteins

Axonal BDNF-ERK1/2 signaling controls axonal transport and axonal regeneration
Inferring protein from mRNA concentrations using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Schwehn Patrick Maximilian , Falter-Braun Pascal
Published: November 2023

Transcript abundance is a widely used but poor predictor of protein abundance. As proteins are the actual agents executing biological functions, and because signaling outcome depends in a non-linear manner on the concentration of the network components, we aimed to develop a convolutional neural network-(CNN-) based predictor forHomo sapiensand the reference plantArabidopsis thaliana. After hyperparameter optimization and initial analysis of the training data, we employed a distinct training module for value and sequence data, respectively, predicting 40% of the variance in protein levels inHomo sapiens, respectively 48% inArabidopsis thaliana. Codon counts and peptides had the greatest predictive power. Extracting the learned weight revealed generally similar trends but also some intriguing differences between human and Arabidopsis. Many learned motifs in the 5’ and 3’ UTRs correspond to previously described regulatory features demonstrating that the model can learn ab initio mechanistically relevant features.
Coordinated differentiation of human intestinal organoids with functional enteric neurons and vasculature
Authors: Childs Charlie J. , Poling Holly M. , Chen Kevin , Tsai Yu-Hwai , Wu Angeline , Sweet Caden W. , Vallie Abigail , Eiken Madeline K. , Huang Sha , Schreiner Ryan , Xiao Zhiwei , Conchola Ansley S. , Anderman Meghan F. , Holloway Emily M. , Singh Akaljot , Giger Roman , Mahe Maxime M. , Walton Katherine D. , Loebel Claudia , Helmrath Michael A. , Rafii Shahin , Spence Jason R.
Published: November 2023

Human intestinal organoids (HIOs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells co-differentiate both epithelial and mesenchymal lineagesin vitrobut lack important cell types such as neurons, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle. Here, we report anin vitromethod to derive HIOs with epithelium, mesenchyme, enteric neuroglial populations, endothelial cells, and organized smooth muscle in a single differentiation, without the need for co-culture. When transplanted into a murine host, these populations expand and organize to support organoid maturation and function. Functional experiments demonstrate enteric nervous system function, with HIOs undergoing peristaltic-like contractions, suggesting the development of a functional neuromuscular unit. HIOs also form functional vasculature, demonstratedin vitrousing microfluidic devices to introduce vascular-like flow, andin vivofollowing transplantation, where HIO endothelial cells anastomose with host vasculature. Collectively, we report anin vitromodel of the human gut that simultaneously co-differentiates epithelial, stromal, endothelial, neural, and organized muscle populations.
Consumer perceptions of the ethicality of re-targeting online advertising
Authors: Arli Denni
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Online advertising becomes an essential tool to reach the target audience. One of the most widely used strategies is re-targeting. Firstly, this study explores the impact of ethics, privacy and ads' perceived benefits (ad effectiveness and ad relevance) on consumers' attitudes toward online advertising. Secondly, the study investigates the mediating effect of attitudes toward re-targeting online advertising on consumers' purchase intentions. Finally, the study investigates the moderating effect of the perceived ethicality of re-targeting online advertising on consumers' purchase intentions.

Design/methodology/approach

Participants (n = 307) were recruited through an online survey platform (MTurk) in the USA. The sample consisted of 65% male and 35% female respondents. The majority are aged 25–34 years, followed by 35–44 years (20%), 45–54 years (14%), 18–24 years (8%) and 55 years and older (6%).

Findings

The results show that ad effectiveness and ad relevance influenced consumers' attitudes toward re-targeting. This study shows that consumers are willing to trade their privacy for better search quality. Moreover, perceptions toward the ethicality of re-targeting ads moderated the relationship between consumers' attitudes and purchase intentions.

Research limitations/implications

This study will make several contributions. First, the study will extend the consequential theory in the context of online advertising. Second, the study will assist companies in using re-targeting strategies. The results will reveal which factor is the most important factor impacting consumers' attitudes toward re-targeting strategies.

Originality/value

This is one of the first few papers investigating consumers' perceptions of the ethicality of re-targeting online advertising.
Second law and thermal analyses of non-Newtonian nanofluid double-diffusive natural convection within a two-hot-baffles-equipped C-shaped domain impacted by magnetic field
Authors: Irshad Kashif , Pasha Amjad Ali , Mesfer Mohammed K. Al , Danish Mohd , Nayak Manoj Kumar , Chamkha Ali , Galal Ahmed M.
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The entropy and thermal behavior analyses of non-Newtonian nanofluid double-diffusive natural convection inside complex domains may captivate a bunch of scholars’ attention because of the potential utilizations that they possess in modern industries, for example, heat exchangers, solar energy collectors and cooling of electronic apparatuses. This study aims to investigate the second law and thermal behavior of non-Newtonian double-diffusive natural convection (DDNC) of Al2O3-H2O nanofluid within a C-shaped cavity emplacing two hot baffles and impacted by a magnetic field.

Design/methodology/approach

For the governing equations of the complicated and practical system with all considered parameters to be solved via a formidable numerical approach, the finite element method acts as an approach to achieving the desired solution. This method allows us to gain a detailed solution to the studied geometry.

Findings

This investigation has been executed for the considered parameters of range, such as power-law index, baffle length, Lewis number, buoyancy ratio, Hartmann number and Rayleigh number. The main results reveal that isothermal and concentration lines are significantly more distorted, indicating intensified concentration and temperature distributions because of the growth of baffle length (L). Nuave decreases by 8.4% and 0.8% while it enhances by 49.86% and 33.87%, respectively, because of growth in the L from 0.1 to 0.2 and 0.2 to 0.3.

Originality/value

Such a comprehensive study on the second law and thermal behavior of DDNC of Al2O3-H2O nanofluid within a C-shaped cavity emplacing two hot baffles and impacted by magnetic field has not yet been carried out.
Conducting mixed methods research
Authors: Taheri Babak , Okumus Fevzi
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Conducting mixed methods (MM) research is one of many ways to study a research topic in the hospitality and tourism domain. This paper aims to offer a synopsis and guidelines on the application of MM research design within hospitality and tourism.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper summarizes the pivotal information on how to write high-quality MM research papers. In doing so, the paper draws on common practices and advice from previous books and articles as well as advice from the editor-in-chief and one of the associate editors of the International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.

Findings

This study provides explanations, guidelines and examples of MM research design.

Research limitations/implications

It offers specific recommendations and examples of MM research design in the hospitality and tourism field. This study concludes with a discussion of common mistakes, useful tips and a framework for the self-assessment of MM research.

Originality/value

This is one of the few studies providing specific guidance and recommendations on designing MM research papers in hospitality and tourism studies.
The Indian beer dichotomy: an analysis of risk and benefit perception and its effect on consumer behavior
Authors: Gupta Vikas , Sajnani Manohar
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the risk and benefit perceptions influencing beer patrons’ purchase and consumption decisions in India. It delves into the drivers behind consumers’ consumption patterns and attitudes towards beer, which subsequently impact their behavioural intentions, including word-of-mouth recommendations and repurchase intentions.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses a structured questionnaire to collect data from 306 beer patrons in Delhi and the National Capital Region. Through exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modelling, the research examines the risk (5) and benefit (3) factors associated with beer consumption using a factor model consisting of 29 constructs. A conceptual framework illustrates the interrelationships between variables, which are subsequently validated empirically.

Findings

The findings reveal that patrons’ attitudes towards beer are influenced by their perceptions of risk and benefit. Specifically, health and socio-psychological risks are identified as the most significant and negatively impacting factors on patrons’ attitudes. Factorial analysis demonstrates that patrons’ attitudes towards beer are positively influenced by their perception of benefits such as value for money, sensory appeal and convenience. Furthermore, the study highlights that an increase in benefit perception or a decrease in risk perception leads to a favourable shift in patrons’ attitudes towards beer.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study will be the first to investigate how beer consumers’ consumption patterns and purchase decisions are impacted by assessing consumer risk and benefit perceptions. This study will also aid stakeholders in tailoring their beer offerings better to meet the desires and requirements of their customers.
Privacy paradox resolution in mHealth: the moderating effect of rationality degree
Authors: Zhu Guang , Li Fengjing , Yan Yi , Guenis Hustin
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The collection and use of personal medical information for mobile health (mHealth) service raise significant privacy concerns. In this context, this study aims to explore the privacy paradox and its impact from the perspective of paradox resolution.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on social support theory and privacy calculus theory, this study first studies the effect of social support on perceived benefits, and explores the moderating effect of perceived health status on the privacy trade-off process. Secondly, the study examines the path of “privacy concerns – disclosure intention – disclosure behavior” to verify the existence of the privacy paradox. Following this, based on rational choice theory, the rationality degree is introduced as a moderating variable to investigate both its impact on the central route and the strength of this impact on the privacy paradox.

Findings

Empirical results show that informational support and emotional support influence perceived benefits significantly. Perceived benefits significantly influence privacy concerns, and perceived health status has a significant positive moderating effect. The authors further find that there is a privacy paradox within the mHealth context, and the privacy paradox is moderated negatively by rationality degree. The findings indicate that the impact strength of the privacy paradox will decrease with increases in rationality degree.

Research limitations/implications

The findings indicate that it is crucial to evaluate the privacy paradox and its impact from the perspective of paradox resolution.

Originality/value

This study offers a complete comprehension of the privacy paradox in mHealth and provides several valuable recommendations for enhancing both mHealth services and privacy controls.
The scientific approach to facilitate the human-machine interactions. The case of Carrozzeria Fratelli Basile
Authors: Iaia Lea , Fait Monica , Munnia Alessia , Cavallo Federica , De Nuccio Elbano
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This study aims to explore human–machine interactions in the process of adopting artificial intelligence (AI) based on the principles of Taylorism and digital Taylorism to validate these principles in postmodern management.

Design/methodology/approach

The topic has been investigated by means of a case study based on the current experience of Carrozzeria Basile, a body shop born in Turin in 1970.

Findings

The Carrozzeria Basile’s approach is rooted in scientific management concepts, and its digital evolution is aimed at centring humans, investigating human–machine interactions and how to take advantage of both of these.

Research limitations/implications

The research contributes to both Taylorism management and the literature on human–machine interactions. A unique case study represents a first step in comprehending the phenomenon but could also represent a limit for the study.

Practical implications

Practical implications refer to the scientific path to facilitate the implementation and adoption of emerging technologies in the organisational process, including employee engagement and continuous employee training.

Originality/value

The research focuses on human–machine interactions in the process of adopting AI in the automation process. Its novelty also relies on the comprehension of the needed path to facilitate these interactions and stimulate a collaborative and positive approach. The study fills the literature gap investigating the interactions between humans and machines beginning with their historical roots, from Taylorism to digital Taylorism, in relation to an empirical scenario.
“Through the looking glass: envisioning new library technologies” – an inflection point for social media and the open web? Part 2
Authors: Fernandez Peter
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This is the second installment in a series of two columns that delves into several factors, suggesting that the structure of the internet may be approaching an inflection point.

Design/methodology/approach

Building upon the themes explored in the first column, it investigates how contradictory incentives in artificial intelligence (AI) may influence the future of web search and the open web, as well as lessons that can be learned from the evolution of X-like social media sites. A large language model was used to help rewrite and edit portions of the text.

Findings

This exploration shows how the intersection of demographic shifts, advertising-driven content, proactive discovery and advancements in AI are poised to rapidly change the way we use and search the internet.

Originality/value

A deeper understanding of these trends empowers libraries to reflect on their evolving roles within this shifting internet landscape and envision new possibilities for themselves.
Harnessing the potential of regenerated bamboo knitted fabrics in development of eco-friendly masks
Authors: Asim Fareha , Naeem Farhana , Naqvi Shenela
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Face masks are the most recommended precautionary measure since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 since 2020 and the most useful PPE against this virus and its variants so far. This study aims to develop reusable and biodegradable mask from 100% regenerated bamboo or/and its blend. Selection of natural and regenerated textile materials is to minimize generation of solid waste. This attempt will eventually protect our earth by minimizing or better discontinuing the production of the disposable nonbiodegradable face masks available worldwide.

Design/methodology/approach

Hundred percent regenerated bamboo and 50:50 bamboo:cotton were selected to knit plain and interlock fabrics for manufacturing of reusable sustainable face masks. A 23 32-mixed-level factorial design was applied to study the effect of liquor ratio and temperatures, fabric structure, blend ratios and finishes at three different levels. Model 23 32 has two factors (liquor ratio and temperatures) at three levels and three factors (fabric structure, blend ratios and type of finish) at two levels. Knitted fabrics were then applied with antibacterial finishes; sanitized T99-19 and sanitized T27-22, separately at three different liquor ratios (1:10, 1:12 and 1:15) and temperatures (45, 55 and 65 °C) via exhaust method. After completing processing, fabric thickness, pilling resistance, dimensional stability, bursting strength, Berger whiteness index, air permeability and antibacterial properties of each trial were evaluated using standard test procedures.

Findings

Selected fabrics treated either by sanitized T27 or sanitized T99 in a liquor ratio of 1:15 against 65 °C, showed excellent bacteriostatic/bactericidal activity. However, 100% regenerated bamboo interlock knitted fabric treated with sanitized T99 in a liquor ratio of 1:15 at 65 °C has the most desired values of dimensional stability, pilling resistance, Berger whiteness, fabric thickness, air permeability and bursting strength which made it the best for the manufacturing of the masks. Reusable mask is comprised of three layers in which the first and the third layers were of selected 100% regenerated bamboo fabric while a PM2.5 filter was inserted in between. Bacterial filtration efficiency, particle filtration efficiency, biocompatibility and microbial cleanliness will be evaluated in future, to compare the performance of proposed reusable and biodegradable face mask with N95 masks and other fabric masks available commercially.

Originality/value

This study resulted in a development of reusable eco-friendly facemask which was not attempted by the preceding investigations. Outcomes of this work pave the way for a greener and safer earth by using easily obtainable regenerated bamboo fabrics, antibacterial finishes and knitted structures.
An experimental study for using nano-alumina to improving mechanical properties of epoxy resin for assembling glass artifacts
Authors: Eloriby Rania Abdel Gwad , Mohamed Hamdy Mohamed
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This study aims to assess the efficacy of nano-alumina (nano-Al2O3) in improving the performance of epoxy adhesives used to assemble archaeological glass. The conservators face a significant problem in assembling this type of artifact. Therefore, the assembling process is considered one of the important stages that must be taken care of to preserve these artifacts from damage and loss.

Design/methodology/approach

To evaluate the stability of adhesives, the samples were subjected to artificial aging under varying environmental conditions. Some investigative techniques and mechanical testing were used in this study to evaluate the selected materials. It includes a transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, visual assessment, digital microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), color change and tensile strength test.

Findings

The visual evaluation and the digital microscope results showed that the epoxy/nano-Al2O3 greatly resisted artificial aging. Although slight yellowing was present, it did not significantly affect the general appearance of the samples. On the other hand, the pure epoxy sample showed cracks of different sizes on its surface due to aging, as evidenced by SEM examination. Furthermore, epoxy/nano-Al2O3 has a better tensile strength (11.27 MPa) and slight color change (ΔE = 2.06).

Originality/value

The main objective of the experimental study was to identify appropriate adhesive materials that possess key properties such as non-yellowing and improved tensile strength by conducting various tests and evaluations. Ultimately, the goal was to identify materials that could serve as effective adhesives for assembling the archaeological glass.
A systemic approach to sustainable railway infrastructure planning: the case study of Milton Keynes
Authors: Okonta Udoka , Hosseinian-Far Amin , Sarwar Dilshad
Published: November 2023

Purpose

With the rise in demand and adoption of smart city initiatives, it is imperative to plan the railway infrastructure, as it will have a huge positive impact if adequately integrated into the planning process. Given the complexities involved, a whole systems thinking framework provides a useful platform for rail transport planners.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper proposes a simple, adoptable framework utilising systems thinking concepts and techniques taking into cognisance the key stakeholders. Milton Keynes in the United Kingdom is the adopted case study.

Findings

Selected systems thinking tools and techniques are adopted to develop a framework for mapping stakeholders and attributes when developing sustainable rail transport systems, taking note of their core functionalities and the complex systems wherein they exist.

Practical implications

The desire to build future (smart) cities is to effectively match infrastructural resources with a rapidly growing population, and the railway sector can play a strategic role in building a much more competitive low-carbon-emission transport system, which is a driving force for sustainable development.

Social implications

The urban rail service has become vital to urban development as railway stations serve as hubs for sustainable mobility to meet local requirements. Moreover, it takes extra effort to input railway development into smart city plans, as it is a herculean task to get governments to focus on it with clarity of purpose in passing legislation.

Originality/value

The developed framework reduces complexities when planning and designing rail transport systems compared to many of the existing reductionist planning approaches. The simplicity of the framework would also make it easily adoptable by a wide range of users.
Designing remote synchronous auditory comprehension assessment for severely impaired individuals with aphasia
Authors: Robson Holly , Thomasson Harriet , Davis Matthew H.
Published: November 2023

Background

The use of telepractice in aphasia research and therapy is increasing in frequency. Teleassessment in aphasia has been demonstrated to be reliable. However, neuropsychological and clinical language comprehension assessments are not always readily translatable to an online environment and people with severe language comprehension or cognitive impairments have sometimes been considered to be unsuitable for teleassessment.

Aim

This project aimed to produce a battery of language comprehension teleassessments at the single word, sentence and discourse level suitable for individuals with moderate‐severe language comprehension impairments.

Methods

Assessment development prioritised response consistency and clinical flexibility during testing. Teleassessments were delivered in PowerPoint over Zoom using screen sharing and remote control functions. The assessments were evaluated in 14 people with aphasia and 9 neurotypical control participants. Modifiable assessment templates are available here: https://osf.io/r6wfm/.

Main Contributions

People with aphasia were able to engage in language comprehension teleassessment with limited carer support. Only one assessment could not be completed for technical reasons. Statistical analysis revealed above chance performance in 141/151 completed assessments.

Conclusions

People with aphasia, including people with moderate‐severe comprehension impairments, are able to engage with teleassessment. Successful teleassessment can be supported by retaining clinical flexibility and maintaining consistent task demands.

WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS

What is already known on the subject

Teleassessment for aphasia is reliable but assessment of auditory comprehension is difficult to adapt to the online environment. There has been limited evaluation of the ability of people with severe aphasia to engage in auditory comprehension teleassessment.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge

Auditory comprehension assessment can be adapted for videoconferencing administration while maintaining clinical flexibility to support people with severe aphasia.

What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?

Teleassessment is time and cost effective and can be designed to support inclusion of severely impaired individuals.
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