bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical hydrogen storage behaviour of as-cast and as-spun RE–Mg–Ni–Mn-based alloys applied to Ni–MH battery
Authors: Zhang Yanghuan , Hou Zhonghui , Cai Ying , Hu Feng , Qi Yan , Zhao Dongliang
Published: August 2016

La–Mg–Ni–Mn-based AB
2-type La1–

x
Ce
x
MgNi3.5Mn0.5 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) alloys were fabricated by melt spinning. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the experimental alloys consisted of a major phase LaMgNi4 and a secondary phase LaNi5. The Ce substitution for La and melt spinning refined the grains of the alloys clearly. Electrochemical tests showed that the as-cast and as-spun alloys exhibited excellent activation capability. With the increase in the spinning rate and Ce content, the discharge capacities of the alloys initially increased and then decreased, whereas their cycle stabilities always increased. Moreover, the electrochemical kinetics of the alloys initially increased and then decreased with the growth of Ce content and spinning rate. The major reason leading to the capacity degradation of the alloy electrodes was determined to be the pulverisation of the alloy particles and the corrosion and oxidation of the alloy surface.
High frequency cycling behaviour of three AZ magnesium alloys – microstructural characterisation
Authors: Trojanová Zuzanka , Palček Peter , Chalupová Mária , Lukáč Pavel , Hlaváčová Ivana
Published: August 2016

Three Mg–Al–Zn alloys, namely AZ31, AZ63 and AZ91, were subjected to high frequency cyclic loading with the aim of revealing their fatigue behaviour. AZ63 and AZ91 alloys contained discontinuous and continuous precipitates and also the intermetallic compound Mg17Al12. Samples were loaded step by step at increasing stress amplitudes at room temperature. Three characteristics of the cycled samples were investigated: the sample surface, the fatigue fracture surface and the fracture surface after the static fracture of samples. Details of the fatigue and fracture behaviour were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The significant roles of twinning and dislocation movement during the high frequency cycling are discussed. The limited plasticity of alloys estimated during the high frequency cycling is due to a decrease in the moving dislocation density entering into the thermally activated process.
Electrochemical behaviour of iron and AISI 304 stainless steel in simulated acid rain solution
Authors: Pilić Zora , Martinović Ivana
Published: August 2016

The growth mechanism and properties of the oxide films on iron and AISI 304 stainless steel were studied in simulated acid rain (pH4.5) by means of electrochemical techniques and atomic absorption spectrometry. The layer-pore resistance model was applied to explain a potentiodynamic formation of surface oxides. It was found that the growth of the oxide film on iron takes place by the low-field migration mechanism, while that on the stainless steel takes place by the high-field mechanism. Kinetic parameters were determined. Impedance measurements revealed that Fe surface film has no protective properties at the open circuit potential, while the resistance of stainless steel oxide film is very high. The concentration of the metallic ions released into solution and measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy was in accordance with the results obtained from the electrochemical techniques.
Registration of 42 Blast Resistant Medium Grain Rice Genetic Stocks with Suitable Agronomic, Yield, Milling Yield, and Seed Characteristics
Authors: Jia Y. , Berger G. , McClung A.
Published: August 2016

Rice blast disease caused by the filamentous ascomycete fungus Magnaporthe oryzae Cav. [Magnaporthe grisea (Herbert) Barr.] is one of the most threatening rice (Oryza sativa L.) diseases in the southern United States. Forty‐two rice blast resistant genetic stocks (Reg. No. GS‐34 to Reg. No. GS‐75, GSOR 102501 to GSOR 102542) were developed and released by the USDA‐ARS Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR. The genetic stocks were developed from a cross of ‘M‐202’ (PI 494105), a medium grain cultivar of premium quality, with the blast resistant long grain rice cultivar Katy (PI 527707), followed by five generations of backcrossing to the medium grain parent M‐202. Two progenies of each of the 22 BC5F1 were genotyped with simple sequence repeat markers and evaluated with blast pathogen to verify the existence of the large blast resistance gene cluster on chromosome 12 being inherited from Katy. A total of 42 BC5F2 progenies resistant to blast were grown under field conditions during 2013 to 2014 at Stuttgart for agronomic and grain quality characterization. Agronomic traits, yield components, seed characteristics, yield, and milling quality of these lines were very similar to M‐202. The genetic stocks will be useful for rice breeders to develop new medium grain cultivars with broad spectrum blast resistance.
Effect of Storage Condition on Seed Quality of Some Dhaincha (Sesbania spp.) Accessions
Authors: Towhidul Karim M , Haque Fazlul , Golam Sarwar A K M , Ayub Ali M
Published: August 2016

An experiment was conducted at the Seed Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, to understand the effect of storage conditions on seed quality of different accessions of dhaincha (Sesbania spp.). Seeds of twenty accessions were collected and stored in a refrigerator (4°C) and laboratory at normal room temperature (25-30°C). Sprouting (%), germination (%), vigour index and the incidence of seed-borne pathogens were recorded following ISTA procedures. Germination and emergence were higher when seeds were stored in the refrigerator than those in room temperature. The vigour index was also high when the seeds were stored in a refrigerator. Fungi belonging to genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, Rhizopus, and Penicillium were associated with seeds of the different accessions of dhaincha. Seed borne infection of Fusarium sp. was highest (14%) in G-13 when seeds were stored at room temperature. It was evident from the results that the quality of the seeds of dhaincha accessions was retained for a long time when they were stored at low (around 4°C) temperature.The Agriculturists 2016; 14(1) 83-91
Evaluation of Yield and Quality of Three Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) Genotypes
Authors: Rahman M H , Alam Patwary M M , Barua H , Nahar S , Noman Faruq Ahmmed Abu
Published: August 2016

Yield and quality performances of three jackfruit genotypes were studied at the Agricultural Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Pahartali, Chittagong during 2013-2014. Age, growth, maturity period, yield potential and also qualitative characteristics were compared among them.  Based on overall performance with respect to bearing potential, maturity period, fruit and bulb characters, the genotypes AHPah-1 have been found promising for table purpose followed by AHPah-2 and AHPah-3. Minimum days (117) to 1st harvest were observed in AHPah-1. The number of fruits per plant was exceedingly higher (73) in AHPah-1 whereas minimum number (41) was found in AHPah-2. Maximum weight (8.40 kg) per fruit was observed in AHPah-2 and minimum was in AHPah-1(3.40 kg).  The highest single fruit length (37.25cm) was found in AHPah-2 and breadth (27.00cm) was produced by AHPah-3. Maximum number of bulbs (116) was produced in AHPah-1, whereas minimum (63.00) was in AHPah-3. Maximum weight of bulbs per fruit (4.24 kg) was produced in AHPah-2. Individual bulb weight was higher (54.42g) in AHPah -2 whereas, the lowest (16.71) was in AHPah-1. Edible portion was higher (69.27%) in AHPah-1 whereas, the lowest (53.43%) was in AHPah-3. The TSS was the highest (21.00%) in AHPah-1. The highest bulb length and breadth was found in AHPah-3. Highest seeds weight (639g) was produced in AHPah-2. Individual seed weight (8.19 g) was higher in AHPah-2. Therefore, the genotypes can be included in the variety development program after comparing with the already BARI released jackfruit variety.The Agriculturists 2016; 14(1) 107-111
Actual Body Weight and the Parent’s Perspective of Child’s Body Weight among Rural Canadian Children
Authors: Karunanayake Chandima , Rennie Donna , Hildebrand Carole , Lawson Joshua , Hagel Louise , Dosman James , Pahwa Punam ,   The Saskatchewan Rural Health Study Team
Published: August 2016

The prevalence of being overweight during childhood continues to increase in the USA and Canada and children living in rural areas are more at risk than their urban counterparts. The objectives of this study were to evaluate how well the parent’s perception of their child’s weight status correlated with objectively measured weight status among a group of rural children and to identify predictors of inaccurate parental perceptions of child’s weight status. Participants were children from the Saskatchewan Rural Health Study conducted in 2010. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed through rural schools to parents of children in grades one to eight. Parents reported their child’s height and weight and rated their child’s weight status (underweight, just about the right weight, or overweight). Standardized body mass index (BMI) categories were calculated for clinically measured height and weight and for parental report of height and weight for 584 children. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of misclassification of the parent’s perception of child’s weight status adjusting for potential confounders. Clinically measured overweight was much higher (26.5%) compared to parental perceived overweight (7.9%). The misclassification of the child’s BMI was more likely to occur if the child was a boy (odds ratio (OR) = 1.58) or non-Caucasian (OR = 2.03). Overweight was high in this group of rural children and parental perception of weight status underestimated the actual weight status of overweight school-age children. Parental reporting of child weight status has implications for public health policy and prevention strategies. Future research should focus on assessing longitudinal effects of parental misperceptions of child’s weight status.
Automatic Generation of Massively Parallel Codes from ExaSlang
Authors: Kuckuk Sebastian , Köstler Harald
Published: August 2016

Domain-specific languages (DSLs) have the potential to provide an intuitive interface for specifying problems and solutions for domain experts. Based on this, code generation frameworks can produce compilable source code. However, apart from optimizing execution performance, parallelization is key for pushing the limits in problem size and an essential ingredient for exascale performance. We discuss necessary concepts for the introduction of such capabilities in code generators. In particular, those for partitioning the problem to be solved and accessing the partitioned data are elaborated. Furthermore, possible approaches to expose parallelism to users through a given DSL are discussed. Moreover, we present the implementation of these concepts in the ExaStencils framework. In its scope, a code generation framework for highly optimized and massively parallel geometric multigrid solvers is developed. It uses specifications from its multi-layered external DSL ExaSlang as input. Based on a general version for generating parallel code, we develop and implement widely applicable extensions and optimizations. Finally, a performance study of generated applications is conducted on the JuQueen supercomputer.
Bioactivities and Health Benefits of Wild Fruits
Authors: Li Ya , Zhang Jiao-Jiao , Xu Dong-Ping , Zhou Tong , Zhou Yue , Li Sha , Li Hua-Bin
Published: August 2016

Wild fruits are exotic or underutilized. Wild fruits contain many bioactive compounds, such as anthocyanins and flavonoids. Many studies have shown that wild fruits possess various bioactivities and health benefits, such as free radical scavenging, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity. Therefore, wild fruits have the potential to be developed into functional foods or pharmaceuticals to prevent and treat several chronic diseases. In the present article, we review current knowledge about the bioactivities and health benefits of wild fruits, which is valuable for the exploitation and utilization of wild fruits.
Circulating Tumor Cells in the Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus
Authors: Gallerani Giulia , Fabbri Francesco
Published: August 2016

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are elements of indisputable significance as they seem to be responsible for the onset of metastasis. Despite this, research into CTCs and their clinical application have been hindered by their rarity and heterogeneity at the molecular and cellular level, and also by a lack of technical standardization. Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a highly aggressive cancer that is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Its incidence has increased so much in recent years that new diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers are urgently needed. Preliminary findings suggest that CTCs could represent an effective, non-invasive, real-time assessable biomarker in all stages of EAC. This review provides an overview of EAC and CTC characteristics and reports the main research results obtained on CTCs in this setting. The need to carry out further basic and translational research in this area to confirm the clinical usefulness of CTCs and to provide oncologists with a tool to improve therapeutic strategies for EAC patients was herein highlighted.
New Surface-Treatment Technique of Concrete Structures Using Crack Repair Stick with Healing Ingredients
Authors: Ahn Tae-Ho , Kim Hong-gi , Ryou Jae-Suk
Published: August 2016

This study focused on the development of a crack repair stick as a new repair method along with self-healing materials that can be used to easily repair the cracks in a concrete structure at the construction site. In developing this new repair technique, the self-healing efficiency of various cementitious materials was considered. Likewise, a crack repair stick was developed to apply to concrete structures with 0.3 mm or lower crack widths. The crack repair stick was made with different materials, such as cement, an expansive material (C12A7), a swelling material, and calcium carbonate, to endow it with a self-healing property. To verify the performance of the crack repair stick for concrete structures, two types of procedures (field experiment and field absorption test) were carried out. As a result of such procedures, it was concluded that the developed crack repair stick could be used on concrete structures to reduce repair expenses and for the improved workability, usability, and serviceability of such structures. On the other hand, to evaluate the self-healing performance of the crack repair stick, various tests were conducted, such as the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity test, the water tightness test, the water permeability test, observation via a microscope, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. From the results, it is found that water leakage can be prevented and that the durability of a concrete structure can be improved through self-healing. Also, it was verified that the cracks were perfectly closed after 28 days due to application of the crack repair stick. These results indicate the usability of the crack repair stick for concrete structures, and its self-healing efficiency.
Effects of Current Stressing on the Grain Structure and Mechanical Properties of Ag-Alloy Bonding Wires with Various Pd and Au Contents
Authors: Chuang Chien-Hsun , Tsai Chih-Hsin , Lin Yan-Cheng , Lin Hsin-Jung
Published: August 2016

Ag-alloy bonding wires containing various Pd and Au elements and traditional 4 N Au and Pd-coated 4 N Cu bonding wires were stressed with a current density of 1.23 × 105 A/cm2 in air. The amounts of annealing twins in the Ag-alloy wires were much higher than those in Au and Pd-coated Cu wires. The percentages of twinned grains in these Ag-alloy wires increased obviously with current stressing. However, the grains in Ag-3Pd and Ag-15Au-3Pd grew moderately under current stressing, in contrast to the dramatic grain growth in the other bonding wires. In addition, the breaking loads and elongations of the various Ag-alloy wires changed slightly, similar to the case of Au wire. The results implied that degradation of the mechanical properties of these annealing twinned Ag-alloy wires due to electromigration was limited. Pd-coated Cu wire was severely oxidized after current stressing for only 1 h in air, which drastically degraded both the breaking load and elongation.
Cytotoxicity, Post-Treatment Recovery, and Selectivity Analysis of Naturally Occurring Podophyllotoxins from Bursera fagaroides var. fagaroides on Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Peña-Morán Omar , Villarreal María , Álvarez-Berber Laura , Meneses-Acosta Angélica , Rodríguez-López Verónica
Published: August 2016

Despite prevention and treatment options, breast cancer (BC) has become one of the most important issues in the present day. Therefore, the need for more specific and efficient compounds remains paramount. We evaluated four previously isolated aryltetralin lignans: 5′-demethoxy-β-peltatin-A-methylether (1), acetylpodophyllotoxin (2), 5′-demethoxydeoxypodophyllotoxin (3), and 7′,8′-dehydroacetylpodophyllotoxin (4) for cytotoxicity, clonogenicity, and selectivity against three BC cell lines: MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and BT-549, as well as the non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial cell line MCF-10A. Cytotoxicity was evaluated after 72 h of treatment, and clonogenicity was determined at 72 h post-treatment; experiments were performed using the sulforhodamine B staining assay. Selective-index (SI) was calculated by comparing pure compound IC50 values in MCF-10A cell line against the IC50 of the same compound in cancer cell lines. Structural similarities among lignans and controls (podophyllotoxin and etoposide) were analyzed using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc). Lignans were cytotoxic against all tested cell lines (0.011–7.22 µM) and clonogenicity testing showed a dose-dependent cytocidality for all lignans (≥0.08 µg/mL); compounds 2 and 3 were more potent (14.1 and 7.6 respectively) than etoposide in BT-549 cell line, while compound 2 displayed selectivity (SI = 28.17) in BT-549 cell line. Tc values of lignans suggested a greater similarity with podophyllotoxin structure.
The Herbal Medicine KIOM-MA128 Inhibits the Antigen/IgE-Mediated Allergic Response in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Park Kwang , Kim Dong , Yoo Jae , Ma Jin
Published: August 2016

KIOM-MA128, a novel herbal medicine, has been reported to exert some beneficial effects on various biological events, such as atopic dermatitis, inflammation and cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate how KIOM-MA128 regulates the allergic response. We measured the activity of β-hexosaminidase and the levels of allergic mediators in the conditioned media of antigen/IgE (Ag/IgE)-activated RBL-2H3 mast cells. We examined the levels of proteins associated with both the FcεRI and arachidonate cascades. Finally, we established the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) model in mice to confirm the anti-allergic effects of KIOM-MA128 in vivo. KIOM-MA128 dose-dependently inhibited degranulation and the production of the allergic mediators described above, with no significant cytotoxicity. In the arachidonate cascade, KIOM-MA128 significantly reduced both cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) phosphorylation and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Moreover, in the FcεRI cascade, KIOM-MA128 not only inhibited activation of LYN, FYN and SYK, known as the rate-limiting proteins of the FcεRI cascade, but also suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK, p38 and JNK, which is related to cytokine expression. Finally, 50 to 100 mg/kg KIOM-MA128 significantly attenuated the Ag/IgE-induced PCA reaction in mice. These findings provide novel information and improve our understanding of the anti-allergic effects of KIOM-MA128 on allergic diseases.
Optical Feedback Interferometry for Velocity Measurement of Parallel Liquid-Liquid Flows in a Microchannel
Authors: Ramírez-Miquet Evelio , Perchoux Julien , Loubière Karine , Tronche Clément , Prat Laurent , Sotolongo-Costa Oscar
Published: August 2016

Optical feedback interferometry (OFI) is a compact sensing technique with recent implementation for flow measurements in microchannels. We propose implementing OFI for the analysis at the microscale of multiphase flows starting with the case of parallel flows of two immiscible fluids. The velocity profiles in each phase were measured and the interface location estimated for several operating conditions. To the authors knowledge, this sensing technique is applied here for the first time to multiphase flows. Theoretical profiles issued from a model based on the Couette viscous flow approximation reproduce fairly well the experimental results. The sensing system and the analysis presented here provide a new tool for studying more complex interactions between immiscible fluids (such as liquid droplets flowing in a microchannel).
A Miniaturized On-Chip Colorimeter for Detecting NPK Elements
Authors: Liu Rui-Tao , Tao Lu-Qi , Liu Bo , Tian Xiang-Guang , Mohammad Mohammad , Yang Yi , Ren Tian-Ling
Published: August 2016

Recently, precision agriculture has become a globally attractive topic. As one of the most important factors, the soil nutrients play an important role in estimating the development of precision agriculture. Detecting the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) elements more efficiently is one of the key issues. In this paper, a novel chip-level colorimeter was fabricated to detect the NPK elements for the first time. A light source–microchannel photodetector in a sandwich structure was designed to realize on-chip detection. Compared with a commercial colorimeter, all key parts are based on MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) technology so that the volume of this on-chip colorimeter can be minimized. Besides, less error and high precision are achieved. The cost of this colorimeter is two orders of magnitude less than that of a commercial one. All these advantages enable a low-cost and high-precision sensing operation in a monitoring network. The colorimeter developed herein has bright prospects for environmental and biological applications.
Perceptions of Climate Change and the Potential for Adaptation in a Rural Community in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Rankoana Sejabaledi
Published: August 2016

Perceptions of climate change by rural communities are centered on observations of variations in temperature and rainfall patterns supported by observations and projections on climate alterations in the form of increased temperatures and scarce rainfall by scientists worldwide. The present study documented perceptions of climate variation and the community’s ability to adapt to climate change hazards threatening the production of subsistence crops. Data were collected through interactions with 100 participants. In the study, climate change is explained as variations in temperature and rainfall patterns which resulted in excessive heat, erratic rainfall patterns and drought negatively impacting on subsistence crop production. Community members have the potential to limit the impacts of climate hazards on subsistence crop production. The negative impacts of climate hazards are limited by community members’ indigenous knowledge of rainfall prediction, the seasons, crop diversification and mixed cropping. Mulching and the application of kraal manure improve the soil structure and fertility to reduce crop failure. These adaptation measures are resilient to the negative impact of climate hazards and may be helpful in the development of adaptation policies to assist rural communities vulnerable to climate change hazards.
Using Textual Data in System Dynamics Model Conceptualization
Authors: Eker Sibel , Zimmermann Nici
Published: August 2016

Qualitative data is an important source of information for system dynamics modeling. It can potentially support any stage of the modeling process, yet it is mainly used in the early steps such as problem identification and model conceptualization. Existing approaches that outline a systematic use of qualitative data in model conceptualization are often not adopted for reasons of time constraints resulting from an abundance of data. In this paper, we introduce an approach that synthesizes the strengths of existing methods. This alternative approach (i) is focused on causal relationships starting from the initial steps of coding; (ii) generates a generalized and simplified causal map without recording individual relationships so that time consumption can be reduced; and (iii) maintains the links from the final causal map to the data sources by using software. We demonstrate an application of this approach in a study about integrated decision making in the housing sector of the UK.
RECENT GALAXY MERGERS AND RESIDUAL STAR FORMATION OF RED SEQUENCE GALAXIES IN GALAXY CLUSTERS
Authors: Sheen Yun-Kyeong , Yi Sukyoung K. , Ree Chang H. , Jaffé Yara , Demarco Ricardo , Treister Ezequiel
Published: August 2016

This study explored the Galaxy Evolution Explorer ultraviolet (UV) properties of optical red sequence galaxies in four rich Abell clusters at

. In particular, we tried to find a hint of merger-induced recent star formation (RSF) in red sequence galaxies. Using the NUV

colors of the galaxies, RSF fractions were derived based on various criteria for post-merger galaxies and normal galaxies. Following k-correction, about 36% of the post-merger galaxies were classified as RSF galaxies with a conservative criterion (NUV

), and that number was doubled (∼72%) when using a generous criterion (NUV

). The trend was the same when we restricted the sample to galaxies within 0.5 × R
200. Post-merger galaxies with strong UV emission showed more violent, asymmetric features in the deep optical images. The RSF fractions did not show any trend along the clustocentric distance within R
200. We performed a Dressler–Shectman test to check whether the RSF galaxies had any correlation with the substructures in the galaxy clusters. Within R
200 of each cluster, the RSF galaxies did not appear to be preferentially related to the clusters’ substructures. Our results suggested that only 30% of RSF red sequence galaxies show morphological hints of recent galaxy mergers. This implies that internal processes (e.g., stellar mass loss or hot gas cooling) for the supply of cold gas to early-type galaxies may play a significant role in the residual star formation of early-type galaxies at a recent epoch.
PANCHROMATIC HUBBLE ANDROMEDA TREASURY. XVI. STAR CLUSTER FORMATION EFFICIENCY AND THE CLUSTERED FRACTION OF YOUNG STARS
Authors: Johnson L. Clifton , Seth Anil C. , Dalcanton Julianne J. , Beerman Lori C. , Fouesneau Morgan , Lewis Alexia R. , Weisz Daniel R. , Williams Benjamin F. , Bell Eric F. , Dolphin Andrew E. , Larsen Søren S. , Sandstrom Karin , Skillman Evan D.
Published: August 2016

We use the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury survey data set to perform spatially resolved measurements of star cluster formation efficiency (Γ), the fraction of stellar mass formed in long-lived star clusters. We use robust star formation history and cluster parameter constraints, obtained through color–magnitude diagram analysis of resolved stellar populations, to study Andromeda’s cluster and field populations over the last ∼300 Myr. We measure Γ of 4%–8% for young, 10–100 Myr-old populations in M31. We find that cluster formation efficiency varies systematically across the M31 disk, consistent with variations in mid-plane pressure. These Γ measurements expand the range of well-studied galactic environments, providing precise constraints in an H i-dominated, low-intensity star formation environment. Spatially resolved results from M31 are broadly consistent with previous trends observed on galaxy-integrated scales, where Γ increases with increasing star formation rate surface density (ΣSFR). However, we can explain observed scatter in the relation and attain better agreement between observations and theoretical models if we account for environmental variations in gas depletion time (τ
dep) when modeling Γ, accounting for the qualitative shift in star formation behavior when transitioning from a H2-dominated to a H i-dominated interstellar medium. We also demonstrate that Γ measurements in high ΣSFR starburst systems are well-explained by τ
dep-dependent fiducial Γ models.
Distributed Parameter Estimation Using Incremental and Diffusion Differential Evolution
Authors: Mohapatra Usha Manasi , Majhi Babita
Published: August 2016

Recently the distributed sensor network has achieved more attention than its centralized counterpart. There are a number of literature that used different evolutionary computing techniques in a distributed way for the task of optimization in several problems of wireless sensor network. Particularly, parameter estimation of FIR filter is carried out using numerous sensor nodes through distributed particle swarm optimization. Differential Evolution (DE) is an evolutionary technique and has been applied in various fields due to its simplicity and faster convergence property in comparison to other algorithms. In this chapter differential evolution is used in two different approaches, namely Incremental DE (IDE) and Diffusion DE (DDE) to estimate the parameters of FIR filter in a distributed manner. The performance is compared with other population based algorithms.
Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Mishra Pankaj Kumar , Pratik  , Kumar Manish
Published: August 2016

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has an enormous prospective in hazardous areas such as underground coal mines. However, there is a need to ensure safety while installing WSN in underground coal mine as it is hazardous in nature and WSN radiates Radio Frequency (RF) signals which can be an eminent source of ignition. Henceforth when the underground coal mines are equipped with WSN there is a need to set the threshold limits of different physical parameters in order to eradicate such hazards for enabling safety. Therefore, in the present chapter, attempts have been made to assess the required safety for WSN while installing in underground coal mines. In addition, various types of hazards associated with underground coal mines and their consequences are elaborated in details with a glimpse to mitigate them with the use of WSN.
Handover in Mobile WiMAX
Authors: Anwar Md. Imtiyaz , Khosla Arun
Published: August 2016

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a core technology based on IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA). One of the major consideration for Mobile WiMAX is seamless handoff or handover. Cellular-based standards have the facility of voice call even via internet but to deal handover with mobility is a challenging task. Many services like Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), etc. require the presence of seamless connection to connect with near and dear one. Dealing handover is always a challenging topic for wireless technologies. Mobile WiMAX introduces the most significant new feature, mobility to support handovers. Handover delay originates during data transmission but it should be less than a threshold time duration according to WiMAX forum standard for real time applications. This chapter includes WiMAX technology, its architecture, handover schemes and improvements in mobility for handover schemes with QualNet Network Simulator.
History of Infectious Diseases
Authors: Sato Maria Ines Zanoli
Published: August 2016

This chapter provides a review of infectious disease to date and the challenges they may present in the future. The main pandemics that have driven the history of humanity are described, from the first to be recorded in 3180 BC to more recent ones such as AIDIS, SARS and others associated with emerging pathogens. The essential role of emerging scientific specialisms (particularly microbiology, public health and sanitary engineering) to our understanding of the causes of these diseases (and how they may be better monitored, controlled and prevented) is presented. Globalization and climate change, determining factors for the ecology of infectious diseases and their emergence and re-emergence, are discussed and point to the urgent need for research to deal with these threats that continue to have a significant impact on human development and wellbeing.
Environmental Change and the Emergence of Infectious Diseases
Authors: Confalonieri Ulisses , Menezes Júlia Alves , Margonari Carina
Published: August 2016

In South America in the past decades several infectious diseases have emerged or re-emerged either as part of larger pandemics or as local processes involving autochthonous pathogens. These included arthropod-borne viral diseases, such as Dengue Fever, Chikungunya and Zika as well as viral hemorrhagic fevers, such as Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Junin, Machupo and Guanarito viruses. Parasitic disease was also important such as Malaria, endemic in the northern part of the continent, Leishmaniasis and Chagas Disease. Carrion disease, a bacterial infection originally from the Andes region, also seems to be expanding geographically. Several social and environmental processes have contributed to the emergence of these pathogens, including human migration, deforestation, road and dam building and climate shifts. Due to its high biological diversity of wildlife, arthropods and virus species in still untouched natural ecosystems in the Amazon has the greatest regional potential for the emergence of new human infections.
Infectious Diseases and Climate Vulnerability in Morocco
Authors: Behnassi Mohamed , Kahime Kholoud , Boussaa Samia , Boumezzough Ali , Messouli Mohammed
Published: August 2016

Climate change is expected to affect the distribution, prevalence and life cycle of several infectious diseases. This scenario is relevant to Morocco since the country is considered by many IPCC assessments reports as a climate change hotspot with a high vulnerability to many expected impacts. Given this existing vulnerability, this chapter aims to highlight relevant vector-borne diseases, the risks of their reemergence in many vulnerable regions and the pressing need to understand their dynamics within a context marked by knowledge gaps and limited scientific evidence; underline the problematic aspects of health adaptation to climate change and the current difficulties in terms of policy and governance to manage climate-health linkages; and finally undertake an assessment of Morocco's adaptive capacity from a health perspective and formulate recommendations for effective climate-health governance and policy.
Light Sensitized Disinfection with Fullerene
Authors: Moor Kyle , Snow Samuel , Kim Jaehong
Published: August 2016

Fullerene has drawn wide interest across many fields due to its favorable electronic and optical properties, which has spurred its use in a myriad of applications. One of the hallmark properties of fullerene is its ability to act as a photosensitizer and efficiently generate 1O2, a form of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), upon visible irradiation when dispersed in organic solvents. However, the application of fullerene in environmental systems has been somewhat limited due to fullerene's poor solubility in water, which causes individual fullerene molecules to aggregate and form large colloidal species, quenching much of fullerene's 1O2 production. This is unfortunate given that 1O2 provides many advantages as an oxidant compared to ROS produced from typical advanced oxidation processes, such as OH radicals, due to 1O2's greater chemical selectivity and its ability to remain unaffected by the presence of background water constituents, such as natural organic matter and carbonate. Hence, fullerene materials may hold great potential for the oxidation and disinfection of complex waters. Herein, we chronicle the advances that have been made to propel fullerene materials towards use in emerging water disinfection technologies. Two approaches to overcome fullerene aggregation and the subsequent loss of 1O2 production in aqueous systems are herein outlined: 1) addition of hydrophilic functionality to fullerene's cage, creating highly photoactive colloidal fullerenes; and 2) covalent attachment of fullerene to solid supports, which physically prevents fullerene aggregation and allows efficient 1O2 photo-generation. An emphasis is placed on the inactivation of MS2 bacteriophage, a model for human enteric viruses, highlighting the potential of fullerene materials for light-activated disinfection technologies.
Rpl22 Loss Selectively Impairs αβ T Cell Development by Dysregulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Signaling
Authors: Solanki Nehal R. , Stadanlick Jason E. , Zhang Yong , Duc Ann-Cecile , Lee Sang-Yun , Lauritsen Jens Peter Holst , Zhang Zhiqiang , Wiest David L.
Published: August 2016

Although ribosomal proteins (RP) are thought to primarily facilitate biogenesis of the ribosome and its ability to synthesize protein, emerging evidence suggests that individual RP can perform critical regulatory functions that control developmental processes. We showed previously that despite the ubiquitous expression of the RP ribosomal protein L22 (Rpl22), germline ablation of Rpl22 in mice causes a selective, p53-dependent block in the development of αβ, but not γδ, T cell progenitors. Nevertheless, the basis by which Rpl22 loss selectively induces p53 in αβ T cell progenitors remained unclear. We show in this study that Rpl22 regulates the development of αβ T cells by restraining endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses. In the absence of Rpl22, ER stress is exacerbated in αβ, but not γδ, T cell progenitors. The exacerbated ER stress in Rpl22-deficient αβ T lineage progenitors is responsible for selective induction of p53 and their arrest, as pharmacological induction of stress is sufficient to induce p53 and replicate the selective block of αβ T cells, and attenuation of ER stress signaling by knockdown of protein kinase R–like ER kinase, an ER stress sensor, blunts p53 induction and rescues development of Rpl22-deficient αβ T cell progenitors. Rpl22 deficiency appears to exacerbate ER stress by interfering with the ability of ER stress signals to block new protein synthesis. Our finding that Rpl22 deficiency exacerbates ER stress responses and induces p53 in αβ T cell progenitors provides insight into how a ubiquitously expressed RP can perform regulatory functions that are selectively required by some cell lineages but not others.
Forming the concept of congruence I.
Authors: Szeredi Éva
Published: August 2016

Teaching isometries of the plane plays a major role in the formation of the congruence-concept in the Hungarian curricula.
In the present paper I investigate the way the isometries of the plane are traditionally introduced in most of the textbooks, especially the influence of the representations on the congruence concept, created in the teaching process.
I am going to publish a second part on this topic about a non-traditional approach (Forming the concept of congruence II). The main idea is to introduce the isometries of the two dimensional plane with the help of concrete, enactive experiences in the three dimensional space, using transparent paper as a legitimate enactive tool for building the concept of geometric motion. I will show that this is both in strict analogy with the axioms of 3-dimensional motion and at the same time close to the children's intuitive concept of congruence.
Longest runs in coin tossing. Teaching recursive formulae, asymptotic theorems and computer simulations
Authors: Karácsony Zsolt , Libor Józsefné
Published: August 2016

The coin tossing experiment is studied, focusing on higher education. The length of the longest head run can be studied by asymptotic theorems ([3]), by recursive formulae ([10]) or by computer simulations . In this work we make a comparative analysis of recursive formulas, asymptotic results and Monte Carlo simulation for education. We compare the distribution of the longest head run and that of the longest run (i.e. the longest pure heads or pure tails) studying fair coin events. We present a method that helps to understand the concepts and techniques mentioned in the title, which can be a useful didactic tool for colleagues teaching in higher education.
Forming the concept of congruence II.
Authors: Szeredi Éva
Published: August 2016

This paper is a continuation of the article Forming the concept of congruence I., where I gave theoretical background to the topic, description of the traditional method of representing the isometries of the plane with its effect on the evolution of congruence concept.
In this paper I describe a new method of representing the isometries of the plane. This method is closer to the abstract idea of 3-dimensional motion. The planar isometries are considered as restrictions of 3-dimensional motions and these are represented with free translocations given by flags.
About the terminology: I use some important concepts connected to teaching of congruence, which have to be distinguished. My goal is to analyse different teaching methods of the 2-dimensional congruencies. I use the term 3-dimensional motion for the orientation preserving (direct) 3-dimensional isometry (which is also called rigid motion or rigid body move). When referring the concrete manipulative representation of the planar congruencies I will use the term translocation.
Demonstrating the feature of energy saving of transforms in secondary schools
Authors: Király Sándor
Published: August 2016

When we are teaching the digital image formats and we are explaining the JPEG format we may get into difficulties how to explain the point and the usefulness of the discrete cosine transform (DCT) to our students. Why do we need this transform before compressing? Students probably do not know that the feature of energy saving of this transform makes the chance of good compression. In this article we show how we can demonstrate that feature of these transforms which make the chance of good compression while saving the most energy of images.
Analogous programming with a template class library
Authors: Gregorics Tibor
Published: August 2016

In this paper, a template class library and its usage can be read. The classes of the library contain the C++ code of the algorithm of programming theorems. This library supports the implementation of the programs that are planned by analogous programming but the primary aim of its usage is to introduce the object-oriented programming style to show how a reusable code can be written with inheritances, overriding virtual methods, composition of objectcs and template parameters.
Teachers and the interactive whiteboards
Authors: Biró Piroska
Published: August 2016

The spread of IWB (Interactive WhiteBoard) around the world changes, reforms and modernizes the traditional teaching methods. We can find these new ICT devices in more and more schools in Hungary as well and the use of it is getting widespread in everyday teaching. The teachers have the greatest role in the proper use of IWB during the lessons and they are also responsible for providing students with creative and motivating tasks lesson by lesson. In the following research, the advantages of the IWB are highlighted, the difficulties of its usage and the teachers' attitude towards the new ICT devices by asking 205 teachers from different primary and secondary schools. The results are mainly based on questionnaires.
Mathematics in Good Will Hunting I
Authors: Korándi József , Pluhár Gabriella
Published: August 2016

This is the first part of a three paper long series exploring the role of mathematicians and of the mathematical content occurring in popular media. In particular, we analyze the movie Good Will Hunting. In the present paper we investigate stereotypes about mathematicians living in the society and appearing in Good Will Hunting.
Learning and teaching combinatorics with Sage
Authors: Vajda István
Published: August 2016

Learning Mathematics is not an easy task, since this subject works with especially abstract concepts and sophisticated deductions. Many students lose their interest in the subject due to lack of success. Computer algebra systems (CAS) provide new ways of learning and teaching Mathematics. Numerous teachers use them to demonstrate concepts, deductions and algorithms and to make learning process more interesting especially in higher education. It is an even more efficient way to improve the learning process, if students can use the system themselves, which helps them to practice the curriculum.
Sage is a free, open-source math software system that supports research and teaching algebra, analysis, geometry, number theory, cryptography, numerical computation, and related areas. I have been using it for several years to aid the instruction of Discrete Mathematics at Óbuda University. In this article I show some examples how representations provided by this system can help in teaching combinatorics.
Problems of computer-aided assessment of mathematical knowledge
Authors: Vajda István
Published: August 2016

Although conventional written and oral exams are dominant in assessment nowadays, computer-aided assessment is developing dynamically. There are several assessment systems, but most of them evaluate only multiple choice questions and even the most sophisticated ones cannot follow the process of thinking of students in detail. Why is it? In this article I will analyse the difficulties of the implementation of assessment system focused primarily on mathematics questions and present some of my experience related to the eMax system, developed at Óbuda University.
Building a virtual framework to exploit multidisciplinary project workshops – peaks & pits
Authors: Turcsányi-Szabó Márta , Abonyi-Tóth Andor , Ekker Nikoletta
Published: August 2016

Multidisciplinary project work in connection to industry is highly favoured at University education, since it prepares students to envision their spectrum of profession, to be able to participate in production projects in co-operation with partners out of campus, and learn to communicate between disciplines. An effctive combination presumes selection of right partners, set-up of proper virtual platform to bridge time, space, and diffrences in working styles. The set-up process requires several phases of design-based research proofing the melding process to produce a productive workshop that is sustainable. The paper describes the review of literature, the platform and set-up established, a first phase in bridging Art and Computer Science through the description of MOMELTE project, a critical evaluation in order to learn from mistakes, and a new list of design principles to improve the next phase of the workshop process.
Analysis of a problem in plane geometry discussed in an 11th grade group study session
Authors: Rakamazi Richárd
Published: August 2016

The main aim of this paper is to show those strategies and proof methods we try to teach in secondary maths education through an interesting geometric problem: Find a relation for the sides of a triangle where an angle is the double of another angle. Is the converse also true? Is it possible to generalize the problem? We try to answer these questions while discussing the upcoming difficulties in detail and presenting more possible solutions. Hopefully the paper can be successfully used in study group sessions and problem solving seminars in secondary schools.
A didactic analysis of merge sort
Authors: Rinderknecht Christian
Published: August 2016

Due to technical difficulties, educators teaching merge sort often avoid the analysis of the cost in the general and average cases. Using basic discrete mathematics, elementary real analysis and mathematical induction, we propose a self-contained derivation of bounds αn log_2 n + βn + γ in all cases. Independent of any programming language or pseudo-code, supported by intuitive figures, it is suitable for informatics students interested in the analysis of algorithms. It is also a good exercise in showing that induction allows us to actually discover constants, instead of simply checking them a posteriori.