bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Level of Motivation, Locus of Control and their Associated Factors among Alcohol Dependent Males: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Premkumar Kamatchinathan , Sivagurunathan Chinnaian , Ezhilvanan Mani , Vikram Ashokkumar
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Alcohol dependence is a major health problem across the globe. Relapses are a characteristic feature of Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ADS) with various factors studied to identify the ideal management options. Motivation levels are a reflection of an individual’s readiness to act on a new healthy behaviour. Locus of control reflects individuals’ beliefs about the degree of control they exert over their life events. Aim: To assess the motivation level and locus of control in alcohol dependent males and determining their relationship with successful recovery. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based, longitudinal was conducted at the Psychiatry Ward of a Tertiary Care Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, India. Total 150 adult males, who fit the criteria for alcohol dependence as per International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). The motivation level and drinking pattern were assessed by the application of Readiness to Change Questionnaire and Rotter’s Locus of Control scale. Categorical data were presented as frequency and proportions. The Fisher’s-exact test was used to evaluate differences between groups for categorised variables. Results: Total 150 patients were recruited for this study, the mean age was 37±5.6 years. Overall, 94 (62.7%) participants had their first drink at 18 to 24 years of age and 64 (42.7%) participants reported onset of dependence at the age of 26-30 years. Overall, 70 (46.7%) participants were in the precontemplation level of motivation, as assessed by the Readiness To Change Questionnaire. A majority (n=126, 84%) of the cases had an external locus of control and a majority of lapses happened during 1st and 2nd months of the study. Age and educational status were found to have statistically significant association with motivation. Level of education, socio-economic class, motivation, pattern of drinking and locus of control had statistically significant association with lapsed cases. Conclusion: The locus of control of an individual, motivation level, and the pattern of drinking serve as prognosticators of lapse in patients with ADS. Individuals with poor motivation to change and those with an external locus of control require intensive follow-up and specific intervention programmes to prevent relapse.
A REVIEW ON RASAYANA YOGAS OF YOGARATNAKAR
Authors: S Deekshitha , Sharma Mandvi , Bhat Asha Vithal , R Padmanabhalal , Hussain Gazala
Published: December 2022

The treatise "Yogaratnakara" describes entire Ayurveda in a very organized and unique style. The aushadhis (medicines) which delays the process of ageing, prevents body from disease, strengthen eyes, increase rasadi dhatus (major structural components of the body) and virya (virility) is known as rasayanam (rejuvenation). By consumption of rasayana (rejuvenation), human being can acquire long life, memory power, intelligence, healthy body, youthfulness and strength in sense organs. In yogaratnakar, eighteen rasayanas are mentioned. In mandukaparnayadi yoga, there are four elements specified; nevertheless, shankapushpi is said to be more effective in terms of medhya vardhaka (increase intellect) activity. Triphala (Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellirica, Emblica officinalis) rasayana (rejuvenation) is more potent when taken with one of these components—Vamshalochan (Bambusa arundinacea), Pippali (Piper longum), Saindhava lavana (rock salt), or Sita (sugar candy). Pippali (Piper longum) is indicated in shula (pain), chardi (vomiting), kasa (cough), jvara (fever). Lavana (salt) is having snigdha (unctuousness), laghu (light) guna (qualities) and shitala (coldness). Ritu (season) haritaki (Terminalia chebula) yoga (formulation) is indicated with different ingredient in specific season. Haritaki itself is mentioned as rasayana (rejuvenation) and it has shown clinically effective results in common cold, fever and improve good quality of life. In other formulations also herbal or mineral ingredients with rasayana (rejuvenation) properties are present. Rasayana (rejuvenation) is only helpful when administered in the right dose, at the right time, and with the suitable pathya.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CREAM CONTAINING CALENDULA OFFICINALIS AND CENTELLA ASIATICA AQUEOUS EXTRACTS
Authors: Cardozo Micheal Flizburt , Bhat Vishnu , Nayak Ravikumar
Published: December 2022

The objective of this study was preparing and evaluating cream formulations containing aqueous extracts of Calendula officinalis and Centella asiatica, and also to conduct a preliminary phytochemical analysis for the said aqueous extracts. The plant aqueous extracts were prepared by macerating the dry powders of the aforementioned plants; water-in-oil creams were prepared in varying concentrations of Calendula officinalis and Centella asiatica aqueous extracts (5%, 7.5% and 10%). The creams thus prepared varied in the colour and texture, but all had good physical characters for a cream. The preliminary phytochemical analysis shows that Calendula officinalis aqueous extract contains flavonoids, saponins and tannins, while Centella asiatica aqueous extract contains flavonoids and tannins. Based on the results we have concluded that the formulation containing 5% of aqueous had the best overall characteristics of a cream compared to the other formulations as it had a good colour, was smooth in texture and had better stability.
AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF FOOT DROP DUE TO ORGANOPHOSPHATE POISONING: A CASE STUDY
Authors: . Jaykishan , SG Vipin
Published: December 2022

Background: Acetyl cholinesterase inhibition by organo-phosphorus pesticides or organophosphate nerve agents can cause acute parasympathetic system dysfunction, muscle weakness, seizures, coma, and respiratory failure. Prognosis depends on the dose and relative toxicity of the specific compound and pharmaco-kinetic factors. Inability to raise the front part of the foot due to weakness or paralysis of the tibialis anterior muscle. The muscle that lifts the foot, and foot drop occur due to peroneal nerve injury. In Ayurvedic science, the complications and side effects of organophosphate poisoning may be co-related with Kaphavruta Vyana Vata. Methods: It is a single case study. A 27-year male patient came to our OPD with complaints of weakness in bilateral lower limbs for since 4 years. He also complained of impairment in memory and speech deformity. The condition can be correlated with Kaphavruta Vyana Vata and he was treated with Panchakarma treatment including Dhanyamla Dhara, Mustadi-raja Yapana-Basti, Sarvanga Abhyanga, Shashtika Shali Pinda Sweda along with Shamana Chikitsa for one month. Result: Symptomatic assessment of the patient was carried out after one month and during this course, the patient had improvement in symptoms, and the overall quality of life of the patient was significantly improved. Discussion: The patient has been treated with the above-mentioned therapy for symptomatic relief for the management of Kaphavrutha Vyana Vata.
SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review
Authors: Birudu Ravi Babu , Kumari D. Meena Satya , Sangaiah G. , Sekhar P. Ratna , Babu R. Danya , Suma S. , Raju D.
Published: December 2022

Viruses, which are incredibly tiny particles, are what give humans pandemic and epidemic diseases. Many viral infections have impacted human health throughout history, and epidemic and pandemic diseases have claimed many lives. Many viral infections, such as SARS, the Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus, Ebola, H1N1, and the current COVID-19, have affected people in this decade. Positive sense single-stranded RNA is present in SARS CoV2. The virus's structure is reminiscent of the Corona virus found in bats. SARS-CoV-2, which has its genesis in Wuhan, China's primary transportation hub, is the cause of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 spread globally from China. In 213 countries, 1.5 crore people have been diagnosed with COVID-19, and 6.3 lakh of them have died. The primary symptoms include headache, dry cough, myalgia, difficulty breathing, and fever. Serological testing, RT-PCR, and CT-Scan imaging are used to diagnose this condition. Like SARS virus, SARS-CoV-2 virus binds to ACE2 receptors. The same medications used to treat SARS are also utilized to treat COVID-19 patients. Drugs like Remdesivir, Ritonavir-lopinavir, and Umifenovir work well to lower viral loads in patients. The vaccine is being prepared in numerous nations. The COVID-19 disease vaccines are being made by Oxford University (AZD1222), the USA (MRNA-1273), India (COVAXIN), and China (INO-4800). Since the vaccinations are still in the clinical trial stage, we are still waiting for an effective vaccine.
Effect of Hands-on/Mind-on Learning Activities on Primary School Pupils` Achievement in Cultural and Creative Arts
Authors: Patience Okeofu, Diana
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the study was to experimentally determine the effect of Hands-on/Mind-on learning activities on primary school pupils` achievement in Cultural and Creative Arts in Nsukka Local Government Education Authority. The study adopted quasi experimental research design. Non-equivalent pre-test post-test alternative treatments, in particular, are used in the control group design. The study was led by three research questions and three null hypotheses. The population of this study was 4,200 (2700 males and 1,500 females) Basic Four pupils in all the 117 primary schools in Nsukka Local Government Education Authority (2021/2022 session). The sample size for the study was 101 Basic 4 pupils. The sampling technique adopted was purposive sampling techniques and simple random sampling technique. The instrument for the study was a 20 items multiple choice objective questions of Cultural and Creative Arts Achievement Test. On the Test instrument, a reliability coefficient of 0.86 was achieved using Kudar Richardson 20 (K - R 20). The study questions were answered using mean and standard deviation, and the hypotheses were evaluated using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) at the 0.05 level of significance. The study found out that pupils taught Cultural and Creative Arts using Hands-on/Mind-on learning activities performed better that those pupils taught using conventional method. Also, Hands-on/Mind-on learning activities was effective in improving both male and female pupils` achievement in Cultural and Creative Arts. Base on the findings, the study recommended that both in-service and pre-service teachers should be educated on the significance and relevance of hands-on/minds-on learning activities, as well as how to effectively use them in cultural and creative arts classrooms so as to makes learning easy for the students since must study does not consider learners of cultural and creative arts in their study.
A Correlation Study between Dengue Incidence and Climatological Factors in the Philippines
Authors: Subido Michael E. , Aniversario Imelda S.
Published: December 2022

Dengue is a viral mosquito-borne infection transmitted primarily by the Aedes mosquitoes. It is one of the several emerging tropical diseases which progressively spread geographically to virtually all tropical countries like the Philippines. Recent climate changes related to global warming have increased the potential risk of dengue outbreaks in the world. In this paper, we study and investigate temperature and precipitation as climatological factors affecting dengue incidence in the Philippines from the year 2015 to 2018. Monthly dengue cases and climate data were gathered for the said study period. A correlation and wavelet coherence analyses were performed to determine a relationship between dengue incidence and climatological factors in the Philippines. Results show that the amount of rainfall is strongly correlated to the increase of dengue cases in the country as compared to the temperature. Evidence shows that dengue incidence in the Philippines mostly occur during the rainy season. Thus, intensified surveillance and control of mosquitoes during the rainy season are recommended.
Ischemic Stroke Following Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Inferior Myocardial Infarction: The Third Reported Case
Authors: Abouriche A. , Bendahou H. , Laklalech L. , Haboub M. , Arous S. , Bennouna G. , Drighil A. , Azzouzi L. , Habbal R.
Published: December 2022

Background: Ischemic stroke following thrombolysis for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) is a rare and perplexing complication. We present an intriguing case of ischemic stroke following fibrinolytic therapy with tenecteplase for a STEMI.

This is an extremely rare condition, and our case appears to be the third one reported in our departement. The three cases had one thing in common: ST-segment elevation in the inferior leads.

Case Presentation: We describe the case of a 50-year-old north-african woman who suffered an acute inferior STEMI 6 hours after chest pain onset. Thrombolysis with tenecteplase was performed and few hours later an extensive right sylvian artery stroke occurred with subfalcine herniation.

Decision-Making: The refractory intracranial hypertension despite medical therapy compelled a decompressive craniectomy. On the follow up, neurological deficits had increased, congestive heart failure developed, and finally the patient died on the tenth day in the intensive care unit.

Conclusion: Hemorrhagic complications are not the only one, ischemic stroke can also occur after thrombolysis even if it is extremely odd. The pathophysiology is still poorly established.

The prevalent implication of the inferior territory in the three cases described in the literature may open to future research prospects.
Climate Resilient Rice Production, Intercropping in Rice, Alternate Crops, Insitu Water Harvestinig and Ground Water Recharge to Combat Deficit Rainfall
Authors: Ghorai Asesh Kumar
Published: December 2022

Under changing climatic scenario, the rainfall amount and its distribution over space and time have become uncertain during the rice growing season which is also affecting  rice production very often. Under deficit rainfall (50% & 19% in 2010 and 2012) from dry sowing or dry transplanting of rice to its harvest (48-52 cm rainfall from August to October), 42.8 q/ha coarse rice (cv, Annada) and 29-45 q/ha medium rice (cv. Satabdi and Himsagar) were harvested with one irrigation of 7.5 cm at panicle initiation stage. Water productivity ranged from 1250 to 1810 lit/kg of raw rice in different years. Dry seeded/dry transplanted rice was established receiving 55 to 74 mm rainfall within seven days. However, one supplemental irrigation following dry sowing/transplanting will ensure better seedlings establishment. Soil mulching by CRIJAF nail weeder at field capacity at 6-21 days after rice dry transplanting/dry sowing will maintain better hydro thermal regime and aeration of soil under deficit rainfall and ascertain composite weed control. Field capacity moisture during rice growth was enough to produce 45q/ha grain yield. This practice of rice production will mimimise methane gas emission over waterlogged rice paddies. In situ rain water harvesting in micro pond (12 m x 10 m x 1.5 m)  sacrificing 9 per cent of total area (1333 m2) at lowest corner of the field provides life saving irrigation and produced 3-3.5 tonnes medium rice/ha. Through these micro ponds (7 in one hectare), in porous alluvial or sandy loam soils, annually around 3.58 to 7.47 crore litres of water can be recharged/ha to the unconfined aquifer in rainy season (July to September). Inter/relay cropping in rice field will produce 3.5 to 4.5 tonnes of rice along with 15- 200 q of different vegetables/ha, increase nutritional security of resource poor farmers, net return and make effective utilization of rainwater. Under deficit rainfall, as alternate crops of rice, yield of rain fed green gram (cv. Pant mung-5, RMG 62), arhar (UPAS -120) and sweet corn green cobs on ridges, were  21-23 q, 30 q/ha and 1,20,000 numbers/ha respectively. Adopting these rice production/intercrop/alternate crop/water harvesting technologies, sustainability can be ensured under a deficit rainfall, in current changing climatic scenario.
Impact of Irrigation Scheduling, Moisture Conservation Practices and Nutrient Management on Performance of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Niwas Ram , Verma V. K. , Kumar Kishan , Tiwari Kamal , Sachan Ravindra
Published: December 2022

A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive Rabi seasons 2020-21 and 2021-22 at Students’ Instructional Farm of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, situated at 125.9 meter altitude, 26.491220 North latitude, 80.3070120 East longitude, to study “Impact of irrigation scheduling, moisture conservation practices and nutrient management on performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”. The experiment consisted three irrigation scheduling viz: I1: two irrigations at CRI and Jointing stage, I2: three irrigations at CRI, Jointing and Booting stage and I3: Four irrigations at CRI, Tillering, Booting and Milking stage, two moisture conservation practices viz: M0: without mulching  and M1: Organic mulch @ 10 t ha-1 + Kaolin 6% spray and three nutrient management practices viz: N1: 100% RDF (150:60:40 kg ha-1 NPK), N2: 85% RDF + FYM @ 5.0 t ha-1 and N3: 75% RDF + FYM @ 10.0 t ha-1.  The experiment was laid out in double split plot design with three replications. On pooled basis of two years experimentation the results indicated that, four irrigations at CRI, Tillering, Booting and Milking stage (I3) recorded highest value of grain yield (4381.60 kg ha-1), straw yield (6651.15 kg ha-1) and harvest index (39.70 %) with profitability in terms of net return (Rs. 83908.79 ha-1), under moisture conservation practices, organic mulch @ 10 t ha-1 + Kaolin 6% spray (M1) recorded significantly highest grain yield (4230.40 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6578.57 kg ha-1). Among the nutrient management treatments, 85% RDF + FYM @ 5.0 t ha-1 (N2) also recorded maximum grain yield (4117.60 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6338.71 kg ha-1) and net return (Rs. 77770.83 ha-1) compared to other treatments.
Effect of Stem Cutting and Growth Regulators on Rooting and Survival of Fig (Ficus carica L.) Cv. Black Ischia
Authors: Desai Y. M. , Patel J. S. , Chaudhary H. L. , Parmar Amita
Published: December 2022

The study was conducted at Horticultural research farm, Department of Horticulture, B. A. College of Agriculture, AAU, Anand to evaluate effect of stem cutting and growth regulators on rooting and survival of fig (Ficus carica L.) cv. Black Ischia. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with factorial concept (FCRD) replicated thrice with twelve treatments. Among the all treatments basal cutting with IBA 750 mg/l gave significantly maximum value for shoot : root ratio (7.09), fresh weight of root (2.10 g), dry weight of root (0.403 g), rooting percentage (78.33) and survival percentage (76.66) at 60 days after planting.
Review of Emergency Health Care Delivery System in Nigeria
Authors: Okpalla C. L. , Inyiama H. C. , Odii J. N. , Chukwuneke C. I. , Onyemauche U. C.
Published: December 2022

The paper reviews several emergency health care delivery systems and suggests possible remedies. The health care sector is inefficient due to lack of effective management and access to patients' health records especially in an emergency. Emergency care systems are very important. The acutely ill and injured receive fast and suitable care through emergency health care systems. The need of strengthening health care systems as a fundamental component for achieving improved health outcomes is receiving more emphasis. Improving emergency medicine will make a significant contribution toward obtaining good health care. Emergency medicine will be more accessible if there is a good road network, Management Information System (MIS), surveillance systems and emergency call centers that are connected to ambulance services and hospitals. The paper will be of immense benefit to all health care workers, hospitals and Government.
Conventional Radiofrequency of the Peripheral Branches of the Trigeminal Nerve versus Conventional Radiofrequency of the Gasserian Ganglion for Treatment of Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Hamada Mohammed El-Saied , Elbadry Amr Arafa , Mohamed Ahmed Esam El-Din , El-Safa Ashraf Ali Abo El-Fetoh Abo , Shalaby Osama Mahmoud
Published: December 2022

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TGN) is the most prevalent kind of neuralgia. Conventional radiofrequency (CRF) of the Gasserian ganglion provides the highest rate of total pain alleviation. CRF of the peripheral trigeminal branches is considered a minimally invasive and safe operation. The aim of this work was to compare the safety and efficacy of CRF for the peripheral trigeminal branches with CRF of the Gasserian ganglion for treating idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (ITGN).

Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted on 60 cases aged 21-65 years, with confirmed diagnosis of ITGN, refractory to medications for TGN for an adequate period. Patients were subdivided in to two groups: group I (study group): 30 cases underwent CRF of the peripheral trigeminal branches and group II (control group): 30 cases underwent CRF of the Gasserian ganglion. All patients were subjected to history taking, physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain.

Results: NRS and barrow neurological institute (BNI) pain intensity scale were insignificantly different between both groups at all times of measurements. Pain relief and patients’ satisfaction were insignificantly different at all measurements between both groups. The incidence of numbness and ccomplications were insignificantly different between both groups.

Conclusions: Peripheral nerve branches CRF is a safe and effective procedure as gasserian ganglion CRF for treatment of ITGN.
A Socio-ecological Study of Population, Migration, Urbanization, and Socio-Climate Variation in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, India
Authors: Malakar Kousik Das , Kuzur Gloria , Maity Dipak Kumar , Yadav Mahendra , Roy Supriya
Published: December 2022

A socio-ecological system is a bio-geo-physical system that is inextricably linked to society and ecosystems, and in urban ecological science, a balance between the natural environment and human society and culture is sought. Migration is a common reason for population growth in urban areas because it gives people access to a better way to live and make money. Hypothetical ideas can be made about the ecological background of urban areas. For example, the growth of the population in rural or semi-rural areas creates pressure or flow of migrants to urban areas for various reasons. This helps the process of urbanisation, and urbanisation will affect the socio-ecological and socio-climate variation. Based on this background, this study explored the socio-ecological links between population growth, migration, urbanisation, and socio-climatic variation in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. The data for this study were gathered from secondary sources such as the Census of India, the Planning Department, the State Portal, the Integrated Government Online Directory, and a few selected scientific reports. Some social sciences statistical techniques, general cartographic and GIS mapping techniques were used, and data were quantitatively and qualitatively measured. Key findings demonstrating the links and relationships between population growth, migration, and urbanisation at the district level in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. The district's main city area also serves as a draw factor for migrants due to job opportunities and other amenities. Migration profile depicting the internal movement scenario of the study area, as well as the links to urban growth and expansion. The second set of findings discussed the socio-ecological implications of urbanisation and socio-climate variation in the study area. It is possible to conclude that the benefits of various opportunities, facilities, job scope, and income draw people away from rural areas and into cities. Finally, urbanisation causes socio-ecological variation, which can have both positive and negative consequences. This study uncovered some socio-environmental issues and made recommendations for mitigating urban socio-ecological problems and correcting haphazard urbanisation.
Study on Hazard Identification for a Mountain Railway System
Authors: Choi Jinyu , Park Chanwoo
Published: December 2022

In Korea, a mountain railway system is being developed to solve the difficulties of residents living in the mountain areas due to the restriction of traffic by heavy snow and ice in winter. In this study, the hazard identification which is customized to the developing mountain railway system was conducted by considering the characteristics of the developing system, past accident cases of the mountain trains of the rack&pinion type and trams in the world, and risk factors defined in the ordinary railway system. Predictable accidents during mountain railway operation were classified into five types of accidents: collision, derailment, fire, casualty, and crossing/competitive section accidents. Hazardous events and hazards were derived for each accident. Moreover, specific hazards were derived for each hazard. The hazards of the mountain railway system identified in this study can be used as basic data for preliminary hazard analysis and establishment of safety management measures for mountain railway systems in the future.
Assessing Friction Angle of Sand According to Fly Ash and Bottom Ash Contents
Authors: Kim Jang-Keon , Won Jongmuk
Published: December 2022

The treatment of coal ash produced at coal-fired power plants requires high costs and has environmental problems. Therefore, a high proportion of coal ash has been reused, and the effective reuse of coal ash has been investigated extensively. In this study, the physical-chemical characteristics of bottom ash and fly ash sampled from a domestic coal-fired power plant were investigated. In addition, the shear behavior of bottom and fly ashes-sand mixtures was evaluated to verify the reuse potential of bottom and fly ashes. Direct shear tests were performed to evaluate the friction angle of the coal ash-sand mixture, which was used as an input parameter in the numerical analysis for slope stability to establish a framework for assessing the reuse potential of coal ash.
Error Generation Characteristics of the Areal Rainfall Estimation Interpolation Method Using Rainfall Radar Data
Authors: Hwang Seokhwan , Kang Narae , Yoon Jung Soo
Published: December 2022

This study evaluated the effects of watershed area, rain gauge density, rain gauge distribution, and rainfall movement direction on regional average rainfall estimates by comparing the spatial interpolation results. To this end, the interpolated watershed mean using radar grid data from the Ministry of Environment’s TM rain gauge point was compared with the watershed mean of all radar grids within the watershed. Results showed that eight or more rain gauges are required for accurate area average rainfall estimates in small watersheds of less than 500 km2. In addition, the inverse distance weighting method tends to underestimate area average rainfall, whereas the Thiessen method tends to overestimate it. Furthermore, as linearity of rain gauge distribution increased, the number of rainfall events with outliers increased. In particular, when the correlation coefficient exceeded 0.7, outliers appeared to rapidly increase, sharply increasing the possibility of overestimating or underestimating area average rainfall. This study clearly showed that there are limits to area-averaged rainfall estimates when using rain gauge rainfall data in small watersheds.
Small- to Medium-Sized Stream Waterbody Extraction Using Sentinel-1 Images Based on Shortest Plane Distance
Authors: Kim Soohyun , Kim Dongkyun
Published: December 2022

In this study, a method for extracting the waterbody of small- to medium-sized streams is verified using SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) images based on the shortest plane distance (DST). The areas investigated are the Hantangang River and Jungnangcheon stream. To verify the waterbody extraction method, SAR satellite image data (Sentinel-1) and PlanetScope, which is a high-resolution optical satellite, are used simultaneously. After preprocessing the Sentinel-1 images, their brightness distribution is equalized via histogram matching. To realize an efficient stream extraction, a weight, which is the DST from the stream centerline, is added. After combining this weight value and Sentinel-1's VH and VV polarizations, the optimal parameter value is obtained using the k-means method. This value allows the waterbody to be extracted from Sentinel-1 images with maximum accuracy, depending on the resolution limit. Based on the correlation among the VV, VH, and DST, the waterbody extraction can be calculated using an elliptic equation. Results show that the average accuracy is 0.45-0.75, and the average Kappa coefficient is 0.60-0.85. This study shows that the waterbody area can be estimated using the DST. Additionally, the proposed method extracts the waterbody more simply and rapidly than the existing waterbody extraction method.
Effect of Shear Key Interarray on the Bearing Capacity of Grouted Connections of Prepiling Jacket Substructures
Authors: Lee Seungyeon , Lee Yujin , Jang Jaeguk , Gu Yeongcheol , Zi Goangseup
Published: December 2022

Jacket structures and piles penetrating the seabed are connected through grouted connections. The shear key shape is designed to improve the shear strength of grouted connections. On a construction site, it is difficult to control the height error of the inner and outer steel tubes because of the environmental load. In addition, an installation error leads to an error in the arrangement of the shear keys, degrading the structure's performance. Among the construction methods for installing jacket structures, prepiling is more economical than the post-file method, but construction errors are likely. In this study, the fracture shape and maximum axial load capacity were evaluated according to the arrangement error of the shear key. It was found that when an arrangement error of the shear key occurred, the maximum axial load decreased to within 10%.
Quantitative Effect Analysis of Rainwater Harvesting System based on Water Balance Analysis
Authors: Sim Inkyeong , Kim Reeho , Lee Jungmin , Park Jongpyo
Published: December 2022

The rainwater harvesting system (RHS) is a facility installed in accordance with the ｢Act on promotion and support of water reuse｣ and is currently installed in various buildings such as apartment houses, business facilities, schools, and sports facilities. Rainwater is used for various needs, such as toilet flushing water, tree irrigation, road cleaning water, and landscaped facilities. In this study, rainwater utilization was calculated by performing a water demand-supply time series analysis through a hydrological water balance analysis. The water supply-supply time series water balance analysis was performed based on the recent ten-year period, and the water balance analysis for RHS analyzed the supply satisfaction, rainwater utilization, and rainwater coverage rates according to the demand scenarios of each facility. Through this method, it is expected to become a support tool for planning and operating the storage tank capacity of the target facility by confirming the rainwater utilization for various RHSs with different building uses and demand sources.
A Study on the Wastewater Treatment Self-Diagnosis Web Application to Establish an Intelligent Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Kim Jinam , Kim Seohyun , Jang HoJin , Jun Hwandon , Kim Keugtae
Published: December 2022

As sewage treatment facilities are classified as energy-consuming facilities and the need for energy-saving measures has emerged, the Ministry of Environment has established the Basic Plan for Energy Self-Reliance of Public Sewage Treatment Facilities to achieve 50% energy independence by 2030. Therefore, this study conducted an ICT-based self-diagnosis web application study for sewage treatment facilities that provided a simulator utilization plan to site operators of sewage treatment facilities and suggested measures for the results of self-diagnosis through the development of a removal rate-based sewage treatment self-diagnosis application. Using the Massflow3 simulator, the measures and validation of abnormal conditions for BOD, SS, TN, and TP were conducted, and a web-based self-diagnosis algorithm was implemented to enable the operator to easily control the process based on the simulation results.
Development and Application of Urban Flood Prediction System for Smart Cities
Authors: Kim Soohyun , Park Jongpyo , Won Changyeon , Lee Jungmin
Published: December 2022

To preemptively respond to urban flood disasters, a flood prediction system that provides a connection service with a smart city data hub was developed. The systems developed in this study provide real-time and predicted rainfall data, 1D and 2D flood prediction data, manhole-based flood prediction and warning information, and flood vulnerability index by administrative district. A one-dimensional analysis for the water depth and overflow amount of each manhole was calculated using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). A two-dimensional inundation analysis, the Two-Dimensional Inundation System (2DIS), which is capable of two-dimensional surface inundation analysis, was applied. The model can simulate surface flooding using the manhole overflow rate of the SWMM model. In the system, the flood prediction information was made based on the rainfall scenario, and the applied rainfall is 30-90 mm per hour, while the rainfall time distribution is Huff 3rd quartile. The propagation of flood conditions in the system can provide a five-stage (Safety, Attention, Caution, Alert, and Serious) scale depending on the water depth and surcharge conditions of the pipeline. The flood prediction model developed in this study was compared and verified with the existing flood survey data in the Dalseo Drainage Basin in 2002, and the model verification showed that the probability of flood detection (POD) was more than 80%.
Development of an Urban Flood Forecast Model Using Lumped Pipe Networks
Authors: Kim Gwangseob , Cho Hyungon
Published: December 2022

Typical urban flood simulation is conducted using physical models such as the 1D storm water analysis model and 2D inundation analysis model. Although 2D inundation analysis can predict flow velocity, inundation depth, and inundation area throughout an inundated urban area, it is difficult for it to produce a near real-time urban flood forecast for a metropolitan area such as Seoul. In this study, a physical urban flood forecast model was developed using lumped pipe networks to produce a near real-time urban inundation forecast. The dense pipe networks within a drainage basin were simplified as a single conceptual lumped pipe that has drainage and storage functions, and new pipe networks were constructed using lumped pipe networks. The model was applied to the August 2018 storm events in Seoul and showed a prediction accuracy of 0.71. The results demonstrated that the model can obviate the limitations of the near real-time operation of existing physical flood forecasting models to yield useful information for urban flood response, though showing room for improvement.
ACC010, a novel BRD4 inhibitor, synergized with homoharringtonine in acute myeloid leukemia with FLT3‐ITD
Authors: Qian Yu , Zhang Xiang , Mao Shihui , Wei Wenwen , Lin Xiangjie , Ling Qing , Ye Wenle , Li Fenglin , Pan Jiajia , Zhou Yutong , Zhao Yanchun , Huang Xin , Huang Jiansong , Tong Hongyan , Sun Jie , Jin Jie
Published: December 2022

Bromodomain‐containing protein 4 (BRD4) inhibitors have been clinically developed to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but their application is limited by the possibility of drug resistance, which is reportedly associated with the activation of the WNT/β‐catenin pathway. Meanwhile, homoharringtonine (HHT), a classic antileukemia drug, possibly inhibits the WNT/β‐catenin pathway. In this study, we attempted to combine a novel BRD4 inhibitor (ACC010) and HHT to explore their synergistic lethal effects in treating AML. Here, we found that co‐treatment with ACC010 and HHT synergistically inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and arrested the cell cycle in FMS‐like tyrosine kinase 3‐internal tandem duplication (FLT3‐ITD)–positive AML cells in vitro, and significantly inhibiting AML progression in vivo. Mechanistically, ACC010 and HHT cooperatively downregulated MYC and inhibited FLT3 activation. Further, when HHT was added, ACC010‐resistant cells demonstrated a good synergy. We also extended our study to the mouse BaF3 cell line with FLT3‐inhibitor‐resistant FLT3‐ITD/tyrosine kinase domain mutations and AML cells without FLT3‐ITD. Collectively, our results suggested that the combination treatment of ACC010 and HHT might be a promising strategy for AML patients, especially those carrying FLT3‐ITD.
Adaptive fault‐tolerant tracking control for nonlinear systems with unknown control coefficient and input saturation
Authors: Wei Yongli , Sheng Li , Fang Jingtao , Gao Ming
Published: December 2022

In this article, the tracking control problem is investigated for a class of nonlinear systems in the presence of unknown disturbance, input saturation, actuator fault, and unknown control coefficient. A novel disturbance observer‐based adaptive fault‐tolerant tracking control strategy is proposed with regard to nonlinear systems. Based on the Gaussian error function, the auxiliary dynamic system is designed to offset effects caused by the input saturation. Moreover, the Nussbaum‐type function is employed to avert control singularity and deal with the unknown control coefficient. A theoretical analysis indicates that the boundedness of all signals in the closed‐loop system can be guaranteed. Finally, two examples with one concerning the dynamic point‐the‐bit rotary steerable drilling tool system are given to confirm the validity of the method.
Flexible Memristor Constructed by 2D Cadmium Phosphorus Trichalcogenide for Artificial Synapse and Logic Operation
Authors: Peng Zehui , Cheng Ziqiang , Ke Shanwu , Xiao Yongyue , Ye Zhaoer , Wang Zikun , Shi Tongyu , Ye Cong , Wen Xin , Chu Paul K. , Yu Xue‐Feng , Wang Jiahong
Published: December 2022

The development of advanced microelectronics requires new device architecture and multi‐functionality. Low‐dimensional material is considered as a powerful candidate to construct new devices. In this work, a flexible memristor is fabricated utilizing 2D cadmium phosphorus trichalcogenide nanosheets as the functional layer. The memristor exhibits excellent resistive switching performance under different radius and over 103 bending times. The device mechanism is systematically investigated, and the synaptic plasticity including paired‐pulse facilitation and spiking timing‐dependent plasticity are further observed. Furthermore, based on the linearly conductance modulation capacity of the flexible memristor, the applications on decimal operation are explored, that the addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of decimal calculation are successfully achieved. These results demonstrate the potential of metal phosphorus trichalcogenide in novel flexible neuromorphic devices, which accelerate the application process of neuromorphic computing.
Metal Organic Framework‐MXene Nanoarchitecture for Fast Responsive and Ultra‐Stable Electro‐Ionic Artificial Muscles
Authors: Garai Mousumi , Mahato Manmatha , Nam Sanghee , Kim Eunji , Seo Darae , Lee Yonghee , Nguyen Van Hiep , Oh Saewoong , Sambyal Pradeep , Yoo Hyunjoon , Taseer Ashhad Kamal , Syed Sheraz Ali , Han Hee , Ahn Chi Won , Kim Jaehwan , Oh Il‐Kwon
Published: December 2022

Electro‐ionic soft actuators, capable of continuous deformations replacing non‐compliant rigid mechanical components, attract increasing interest in the field of next‐generation metaverse interfaces and soft robotics. Here, a novel MXene (Ti3C2Tx) electrode anchoring manganese‐based 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylate metal‐organic framework (MnBTC) for ultrastable electro‐ionic artificial muscles is reported. By a facile supramolecular self‐assembly, the Ti3C2Tx‐MnBTC hybrid nanoarchitecture forms coordinate bond, hydrogen bond, and hydrophilic interaction with the conducting polymer of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), resulting in a mechanically flexible and electro‐ionically active electrode. The superior electrical and electrochemical performances of the electrode stem from the synergistic effects between intrinsically hierarchical nanoarchitecture of MnBTC and rapid electron transport behavior of Mxene, leading to fast diffusion and accommodation of ions in the ion‐exchangeable membrane. The developed artificial muscle based on Ti3C2Tx‐MnBTC is found to exhibit high bending displacement (12.5 mm) and ultrafast response time (0.77 s) under a low driving voltage (0.5 V), along with wide frequency response (0.1–10 Hz) and exceptional stability (98% retention at 43,200 s) without any distortion of actuation performance. Furthermore, the designed electro‐active artificial muscle is successfully used to demonstrate mimicry of eye motions including eyelid blinking and eyeball movement in a doll.
High Loading Sulfur Cathodes by Reactive‐Type Polymer Tubes for High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhang Kun , Li Xing , Yang Yong , Chen Zhongxin , Ma Li , Zhao Yaohua , Yuan Yijia , Chen Fangzheng , Wang Xiaowei , Xie Keyu , Loh Kian Ping
Published: December 2022

Simultaneously attaining high gravimetric energy density (Eg) and volumetric energy density (Ev) in lithium‐sulfur (Li–S) batteries is a longstanding challenge that has to be solved for practical application, which demands breakthroughs in electrode materials with optimized functionality and structure. Herein, anthraquinone‐containing, reactive‐type polymer tubes (PQT) that can be used to regulate the redox chemistry of sulfur species are designed and prepared for practical Li–S batteries. PQT favors a similar redox potential window as sulfur, which effectively facilitates the immobilization and conversion of sulfur species through a reversible lithiation/delithiation process. Its tubular structure and high tap density is vital to the fabrication of intact electrode with high sulfur loading and minimizing electrolyte intake during battery operation. With all these contributions, Li–S battery with PQT/S cathode exhibits a stable cycling capacity (73% at 2.0 C over 1000 cycles), remarkable rate performance (514.2 mAh g−1 at 10 C), and a high areal capacity of 7.20 mAh g−1 with high sulfur loading under lean electrolyte condition. More importantly, the assembled Li–S pouch cell delivers an Eg of 329 Wh kg−1 and an Ev of 401 Wh L−1, which meets the requirement for practical operation.
Laminated Organic Photovoltaic Modules for Agrivoltaics and Beyond: An Outdoor Stability Study of All‐Polymer and Polymer:Small Molecule Blends
Authors: Rodríguez‐Martínez Xabier , Riera‐Galindo Sergi , Aguirre Luis Ever , Campoy‐Quiles Mariano , Arwin Hans , Inganäs Olle
Published: December 2022

The integration of organic photovoltaic (OPV) modules on greenhouses is an encouraging practice to offset the energy demands of crop growth and provide extra functionality to dedicated farmland. Nevertheless, such OPV devices must meet certain optical and stability requirements to turn net zero energy greenhouse systems a reality. Here a donor:acceptor polymer blend is optimized for its use in laminated devices while matching the optical needs of crops. Optical modeling is performed and a greenhouse figure‐of‐merit is introduced to benchmark the trade‐off between photovoltaic performance and transparency for both chloroplasts and humans. Balanced donor:acceptor ratios result in better‐performing and more thermally stable devices than acceptor‐enriched counterparts. The optimized polymer blend and state‐of‐the‐art polymer:small‐molecule blends are next transferred to 25 cm2 laminated modules processed entirely from solution and in ambient conditions. The modules are mounted on a greenhouse as standalone or 4‐terminal tandem configurations and their outdoor stability is tracked for months. The study reveals degradation modes undetectable under laboratory conditions such as module delamination, which accounts for 10–20% loss in active area. Among the active layers tested, polymer:fullerene blends are the most stable and position as robust light harvesters in future building‐integrated OPV systems.
Significant Zero Thermal Expansion Via Enhanced Magnetoelastic Coupling in Kagome Magnets
Authors: Xu Jiawang , Wang Zhan , Huang He , Li Zhuolin , Chi Xiang , Wang Dingsong , Zhang Jingyan , Zheng Xinqi , Shen Jun , Zhou Wenda , Gao Yang , Cai Jianwang , Zhao Tongyun , Wang Shouguo , Zhang Ying , Shen Baogen
Published: December 2022

Zero‐thermal‐expansion (ZTE) alloys, as dimensionally stable materials, are urgently required in many fields, particularly in highly advanced modern industries. In this study, high‐performance ZTE with a negligible coefficient of thermal expansion av as small as 2.4 ppm K−1 in a broad temperature range of 85–245 K is discovered in Hf0.85Ta0.15Fe2C0.01 magnet. It is demonstrated that the addition of trace interstitial atom C into Ta‐substituted Hf0.85Ta0.15Fe2 exhibits significant capability to tune the normal positive thermal expansion into high‐performance ZTE via enhanced magnetoelastic coupling in stabilized ferromagnetic structure. Moreover, direct observation of the magnetic transition between ferromagnetic and triangular antiferromagnetic states via Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, along with corresponding theoretical calculations, further uncovers the manipulation mechanism of ZTE and negative thermal expansion. A convenient and effective method to optimize thermal expansion and achieve ZTE with interstitial C addition may result in broadened applications based on the strong correlation between the magnetic properties and crystal structure.
Full Hardware Image Encryption for Oscillating Memristor Circuits
Authors: Wang Lu , Qu Jiaxin , Li Jiazhuang , Wen Dianzhong
Published: December 2022

Al/PMMA/CS/PMMA/ITO structure devices are fabricated using polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and chitosan (CS) as dielectric layer materials. Its electrical characteristics and conductive mechanism are studied using its own physical characteristics to build a memristor true random number generator (TRNG). The generated true random sequence is optimized by a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and the optimized random number sequence is tested by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to analyze its randomness. The pipeline structure is introduced to optimize the whole image encryption system, and the optimized random number sequence is used to realize image encryption inside the FPGA. Then, the encrypted image is displayed on a liquid crystal display (LCD) screen to realize random number generation and image encryption of all hardware. Finally, the encrypted image is analyzed.