bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grigory Ivanovich Sokolsky - the founder of Russian phthisiology
Authors: Krasnoperov F. T. , Kholmovskaya M. B. , Sharafutdinova R. M.
Published: March 2022

Modern historians of medicine consider G.I. Sokolsky (1807-1886) an outstanding clinician, and regard his activity as "an important stage in the development of the national clinic, which combined the achievements of predecessors and laid the foundation for its future flowering".
Surgical care and ways to improve it in Tataria
Authors: Rosengarten M. Yu. , Semenova L. D.
Published: March 2022

There are 75 medical preventive establishments, including RSB, RSB-2, DRKB, 11 city hospitals, 39 central republican hospitals, 2 regional, 14 district hospitals, 3 medical dispensaries, 3 dispensaries in TASSR.The number of surgeons per 10 000 inhabitants in 1987 is 3,6 (2,95 in 1978), beds per 10 000 inhabitants - 18,9 (16,8 in 1978). There is an insufficient number of trauma care beds in TASSR: 2,6 (in RSFSR - 4,0), oncological - 1,8 (in RSFSR - 2,3), proctological - 0,4 (in RSFSR - 0,6). The average number of bed days in 1987 for surgical patients was 332 in urban hospitals, and 327 in rural ones.
Polarographic activity of denatured serum filtrate and external respiration in acute pneumonia
Authors: Yakupova Z. N. , Khamitov R. F. , Voronin V. N.
Published: March 2022

In order to add new objective data to the existing diagnostic complex of pneumonia and its complications, as well as to monitor the course of treatment and make prognosis of the disease we performed a comprehensive comparative study of patients using polarographic and pneumotachographic methods. We followed up 56 patients with acute pneumonia (men - 36, women - 20), aged 15 to 66 years (mean age - 41 years). Pneumonia in 15 (26,8%) patients was without complications, in 25 (44,6%) it developed against the background of chronic bronchitis, in 5 (8,9%) it was complicated by abscessed; in 4 (7,1%) patients there were acute bronchitis, in 3 (5,4%) bronchocarcinomas and cancer metastases into the lungs were revealed, in 4 (7,2%) acute pneumonia occurred against the background of exacerbation of non-pulmonary somatic diseases. Control group consisted of 21 people aged 16-24 years.
Surveillance and delivery tactics for women with brain tumors
Authors: Gilyazutdinova Z. Sh.
Published: March 2022

Pregnancy in women with brain tumors is extremely dangerous, and the maternal mortality rate is 24.3%. In 75% of cases, intracranial tumors develop in women of reproductive age and may first become apparent during pregnancy. This is due to fluid retention in pregnant women. We assume that tumor growth during pregnancy is associated with significant metabolic, particularly neuroendocrine changes in pregnant women; even the placenta as a powerful hormonal organ may be a stimulant, tumor growth.
Scientific and organizational bases of mental health protection in production conditions
Authors: Yachin K. K. , Mendelevich D. M.
Published: March 2022

The shifting interest of modern psychiatry to population and environmental studies is largely due to the preventive orientation of modern medicine, which sets as its main goal not the detection of early signs of disease, but the establishment of the state of health of the examinees and the prevention of the emergence and development of diseases. Among mental illnesses, borderline neuropsychiatric disorders, which account for up to 80% of all pathology, take first place. It is important that patients with borderline neuropsychiatric diseases rarely go to a psychiatrist on their own and do not receive timely skilled care from specialists, which leads to the aggravation of their condition and disability.
The value of bacteriological examination of ejaculate for the choice of treatment for male infertility patients
Authors: Shakhov E. V. , Krupin V. N. , Presnyakova I. B.
Published: March 2022

The aim of our study was to determine the pathogen supporting the inflammatory process in the genitals of infertile patients, its sensitivity to antibiotics and the effectiveness of treatment measures, carried out taking into account the data obtained by ejaculate culture. Eighty patients aged 21 to 33 years old with secretory toxic form of male infertility were examined. Clinical examination revealed signs of chronic inflammation in the prostate in 32 men, in the testicular appendages in 12 men, and chronic urethritis in 2 men. In 34 patients the inflammatory process had no clinical manifestations, but the ejaculate showed a large number of leukocytes.
Amplitude of head rotation in newborns in normal and pathology
Authors: Marulina V. I.
Published: March 2022

The problem of perinatal lesions of the nervous system is increasingly reflected in the literature. Particular attention is paid to birth trauma, and differentiation of brain and spinal cord lesions with an indication of the clinical syndrome found is becoming increasingly necessary. A larger problem is made up of smaller ones. Often, individual, even small symptoms can play an important role in the correct assessment of the neurological status. Our work is devoted to the study of one of such symptoms, not reflected in the literature.
Surgical treatment of the consequences of fractures of long bones with purulent infection
Authors: Ivanov G. A.
Published: March 2022

We have experience in applying different variants of Ilizarov osteosynthesis in the treatment of 158 patients and disabled persons with non-unionized fractures, false joints and defects of long tubular bones complicated by purulent infection. There were 116 men (73.4%) and 42 women (26.6%). The age composition ranged from 16 to 70 years. The majority (more than 60%) were of young working age (20 to 40 years). Open fractures of the tubular bones were previously detected in 148 (93.7%) patients, and closed fractures in 10 (6.3%). The latter patients developed postoperative osteomyelitis after osteosynthesis with various submersible metal fixators performed in rural district hospitals. The duration of the disease from the time of injury was from 5 months to 6 years.
Clinic of cerebellar encephalitis in varicella
Authors: Galeeva R. K. , Bashirova D. K. , Shigapova G. M.
Published: March 2022

According to the literature, the incidence of varicella in the nervous system is about 0.1-0.2%. Complications of the nervous system usually take the form of encephalitis and meningoencephalitis of viral-allergic nature. Based on 30 years of observations, we believe that cerebellar and vestibular disorders are most typical for chickenpox encephalitis; the same opinion is held by many authors.
On the treatment of purulent wounds
Authors: Abdulgalimov M. A.
Published: March 2022

In 1985-1987, we treated 142 patients (77 male and 65 female) aged 1 to 85 years old with purulent wounds and purulent-necrotic lesions of soft tissues at the surgical department of the Central Regional Hospital. Pathogenic microflora isolated from wounds was found to be sensitive to kanamycin, ampicillin, streptomycin, monomycin, carbenicillin.
Lung surfactants in acute pneumonia
Authors: Guseva N. I. , Nekrasov A. V.
Published: March 2022

Lung surfactant system, according to modern views, is a multicomponent, complex, self-regulating system, in which there are 3 main components: the surfactant itself - a thin lipoproteid film located at the air-liquid interface, hypophase and a cellular component represented by alveolocytes of types I, II, III. Lung surfactant system provides stability of alveoli during breathing, supports normal permeability of aerohematic barrier, participates in regulation of water balance, and has a protective function. Surface-active components of surfactant system are phospholipids, and more precisely their fraction - phosphatidylcholine.
First tone spectrum of myocardial infarction patients at rest and during exercise
Authors: Romanova O. V.
Published: March 2022

Spectral analysis is the most informative method of investigation of the heart sound symptomatology, which allows obtaining additional information about the state of cardiovascular system in patients with coronary heart disease.

The purpose of this work was to study changes in the frequency-amplitude composition of heart tones in response to dosed physical exercise and informativeness of these changes in patients with myocardial infarction of different severity of clinical course of the disease.
Development of the drug fibronectin and substantiation of its use to stimulate corneal healing
Authors: Zubairov D. M. , Brikman I. V. , Zinkevich O. D. , Litvinov R. I. , Ibadova S. I. , Isaeva R. T. , Harrasov A. F. , Safina N. A. , Yermolin G. A. , Kotelyansky V. E. , Efremov E. E. , Arzamastsev E. V.
Published: March 2022

The urgency of the search for remedies accelerating corneal healing after its accidental and surgical injuries is obvious. In recent years, along with physical factors, some natural and synthetic substances, fibronectin turned out to be among the most promising therapeutic agents. It is an adhesive protein of connective tissue involved in cell attachment to fibrillar substrates, formation of collagen fibers and intercellular substance. Fibronectin and its fragments have chemotactic activity and can accelerate phagocytosis reactions by macrophages and neutrophils, acting as a non-specific opsonin against many exo- and endogenous pathological microparticles. One form of this protein, called plasma fibronectin, is present in blood and has many biological properties in common with tissue fibronectin.
Organization of specialized traumatological and orthopedic care for the population of the USSR
Authors: Bogdanovich W. Ya.
Published: March 2022

The decisions of the 27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union noted the need to strengthen measures for the prevention of traumatism, which is one of the main causes of temporary disability, disability and mortality, especially among the young and most able-bodied people. Further improvement of traumatological and orthopedic care, its scientifically substantiated and precise organization are of particular social and economic importance.
Conceptual framework for assessing quality and efficiency in health care
Authors: Komarov Yu. M.
Published: March 2022

In our country during this period, spending on health care in relation to national income grew slowly, which led to a decrease in the corresponding share from 6.1% in 1960 to 4.6% in 1986. As of 1988, spending on health care was defined as 21.7 billion rubles, which is only 4.9% of national income. For comparison, in other economically developed countries this value reaches 8-12% of their gross national product.
On birth injuries of the upper cervical vertebrae
Authors: Stogov M. N.
Published: March 2022

The examination of 2000 children of the first two years of life revealed 160 children with neurological signs of moderately pronounced lesions of the upper spinal cord. We radiographed the upper cervical vertebrae through the open mouth. 72 children were at the age of the first 3 months of life, 62 were under 6 months, 18 were under one year, and 8 were older than one year. Eight of these children were born prematurely and 25 were born with a body weight of more than 4 kg. Sixteen of the 160 infants were born breech. The obstetric history of 160 children was not so complicated: obstetric aids were required only for 8 newborns. Fifty-six of the 160 children were born in white asphyxia and 41 in blue asphyxia. Consequently, secondary asphyxia was very frequent, and given the unexpected number of radiological and clinical findings we found, this asphyxia can also be interpreted as a consequence of birth trauma in an apparently normal delivery. In addition, we noticed that 47 mothers of our patients had a rapid pushing period, which is given great importance as a traumatic factor.
In vivo diagnosis of pericardial mesothelioma
Authors: Valimukhametova D. A. , Leonova V. N. , Reznikova F. A. , Kureneva M. M.
Published: March 2022

According to the literature, primary pericardial tumors are extremely rare, rarer than cardiac tumors. By 1980, 117 reports on this pathology had been published in the world literature, most of which were based on autopsy data. Difficulties of in vivo diagnosis of pericardial mesothelioma are due to the absence of pathognomonic symptoms. The presence of hemorrhagic effusion in the absence of isoinflammatory manifestations and the results of cytological study of the exudate allow suspecting the tumor.Here is our observation.
Prediction of the duration of temporary disability in a particular patient
Authors: Nizamov I. G. , Pavlov A. V. , Kirillov V. I.
Published: March 2022

The duration of diseases with temporary disability is a complex multifactorial derivative, which reflects sanitary-demographic, socio-hygienic, socio-economic and other characteristics of the phenomenon under study. By its value and dynamics it is possible to judge about the effectiveness and quality of medical care. Correct definition of terms of temporary disability, adequate treatment, rational employment in complex with other therapeutic-health-improving measures act as indispensable condition of patient's recovery and restoration of his ability to work.
The posture of young schoolchildren and its impact on the functional state of some body systems
Authors: Arslanov V. A. , Sitdikov F. G. , Arslanova L. M.
Published: March 2022

In many cases, the factor determining the development of scoliosis in childhood can be a violation of posture. The present work is devoted to the study of the posture of young schoolchildren in learning activities - the study of changes in the functional state of the cardiovascular, muscular systems, posture in statics and in dynamics under the influence of the formation of its correct skills.
Accelerated sanation of cerebrospinal fluid by drainage of the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord
Authors: Valeev E. K. , Krylov V. E.
Published: March 2022

We have developed and introduced into clinical practice a new method of drainage of the spinal cord subarachnoid space (certificate of authorship № 1210793), the indications for which are subarachnoid hemorrhages of various etiology, accompanied by hypertension syndrome.
Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, Professor Andrey Dmitriyevich Ado
Authors: Ishimova L. M.
Published: March 2022

The name of A.D. Ado, Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, laureate of the State Prize of the USSR, as the greatest pathophysiologist and allergologist is well known to the medical community not only in our country, but also abroad. He is an honorable member of several foreign academies and scientific societies (GDR, Czechoslovakia, Spain, FRG), member of editorial boards of several European scientific journals and for more than 25 years he has been a WHO expert.
On the influence of heliogeophysical factors on the health of patients with cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Valimukhametova D. A. , Akhmetzyanov I. M.
Published: March 2022

Throughout life, the organism constantly has to adapt to continuously changing environmental conditions. Sensitivity of patients with cardiovascular diseases to heliogeophysical and adverse weather conditions ranges from 42 to 100% and is manifested by heliometeotropic reactions of varying severity. Studies have shown that sick people are affected by sudden intensification of solar activity, geomagnetic storms and changes of meteorological elements, and the organism may react to variations of external factors 1-2 days before the change of heliogeophysical conditions, on the day of direct exposure to the factors and 2-3 days after their change. The greatest biotropic effect of meteorological factors is manifested when the intensity of the Earth's magnetic field changes against the background of a sharp increase in solar activity. Under the influence of geomagnetic field strength fluctuations, a person suffering from a chronic disease may easily go into a state of stress. It determines the necessity to develop methods of forecasting unfavorable geomagnetic and meteorological situations, which can provoke aggravation of pathological processes.
Hepatitis B immunogenesis of acute cyclic and prolonged course
Authors: Shmeleva V. S. , Malysheva E. B. , Frolov A. V.
Published: March 2022

Lingering course of acute viral hepatitis is formed in 9.3% of patients, reliably more often (in 28.2%) in hepatitis B (in hepatitis A - in 5.2%) and is one of the main causes of process chronicity. According to results of follow-up observation, after acute viral hepatitis with cyclic course the majority of recurvalescents recover. Chronic persistent hepatitis was registered only in 44 (2%) out of 2187 patients. Among patients with hepatitis with a prolonged course, complete recovery was noted only in 16.7% of patients.
The first cases of acute intestinal infections caused by parahaemolytic vibriones in a freshwater region
Authors: Boyko A. V. , Pogorelova N. P. , Chernikova Yu. Yu. , Zhigareva T. M.
Published: March 2022

During the last 10-15 years intestinal infections caused by parahaemolytic vibrio have been registered in many countries of Asia, Europe, South and North America and in Australia. The frequency of isolation of this pathogen from patients varies from 1.5 to 15%. In Japan, parahaemolytic vibrios has become a national problem. In the vast majority of cases, parahaemolytic vibrio-induced illnesses have been shown to be associated with exposure to seawater and consumption of seafood, even when they occur in areas far from the sea.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of lethal dysentery of Flexner's dysentery I b in children
Authors: Kharchenko G. A.
Published: March 2022

We studied the clinic of dysentery Flexner's disease I b in 30 children under one year of age with severe forms of the disease and in 10 patients of the same age with a lethal outcome. The diagnosis in all cases was confirmed by bacteriological examination data. Artificial feeding accounted for 25% of 40 observed patients, 15% of them had hypotrophy, 12.5% - exudative diathesis, 15% - previous history of intestinal infection.
Treatment of anaphylactic shock in a two-month-old baby
Authors: Potemkina A. M. , Sitdikova I. V. , Klykova T. V.
Published: March 2022

Drug-induced anaphylactic shock usually develops in mature people and much less often in children, and mostly in older children. Anaphylactic shock in children of the first year of life has been described only in isolated cases. In this connection we consider it advisable to describe a case of anaphylactic shock in a child aged 2 months and 11 days.
Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system status in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Salikhov I. G. , Agisheva K. N.
Published: March 2022

Recently, there has been significantly increased interest in the study of the role of free-radical lipid oxidation reactions in the development of the pathological process in rheumatoid arthritis. Immune complexes formed in this disease are a stimulus for neutrophil chemotaxis and initiation of phagocytosis reactions. The process of phagocytosis, accompanied by the release of a large number of reactive oxygen radicals, leads to damage of neutrophils themselves, release of lysosomal enzymes, degradation of collagen, hyaluronic acid and to connective tissue damage.
Disease - injection - disease
Authors: Talantov V. V.
Published: March 2022

The invasion of medicine into the internal environment of the body in the form of injection therapy along with successes could not but bring complications caused primarily by trauma, introduction of microflora, allergic reactions. Less studied was the group of complications caused by the irritating effect of subcutaneous and intramuscular injections, which is particularly important for understanding the whole complex of sufferings of patients receiving long-term injection therapy. This type of complications often occurs in patients with diabetes mellitus, since a significant portion of them receive injections of insulin and other medications on a daily basis.
Thyroid function and glucose tolerance in candida patients
Authors: Ivanova L. A. , Silnitsky P. A. , Karaev Z. O. , Yarobkova N. D. , Velikanova L. I.
Published: March 2022

The aim of the study was to investigate the functional state of the thyroid gland in patients with various forms of candidiasis in order to clarify the possible role of thyroid dysfunction in the pathogenesis and treatment of candidiasis. 116 patients with candidiasis were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 included 20 children (9 boys and 11 girls) aged from 2 to 15 years with chronic candidiasis of the skin and mucous membranes lasting from 1.5 to 14 years. The 2nd group consisted of 20 patients (5 men and 15 women) aged 16 to 45 years with the same disease lasting from 1 year to 30 years. Group 3 included 44 patients (14 men and 30 women) aged 16 to 55 with candidiasis of the respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract with duration from one year to 16 years. Group 4 included 32 women from 21 to 58 years of age with vaginal candidiasis lasting from one to 20 years. The control group consisted of 21 healthy individuals (8 men and 13 women) aged 25 to 40 years.
Early detection of prescoliotic condition in children
Authors: Shaikhutdinov I. I. , Latypov A. L. , Eremeev A. M.
Published: March 2022

The main objective of our work was the electromyographic study of paravertebral muscles in children, identification of the asymmetry of their electrical activity on both sides of the spine and subsequent observation in dynamics of the state of posture and the nature of changes in the above asymmetry. Materials included data from electromyographic and clinical examinations of 151 children, conducted three times at intervals of 1-1.5 years. At the initial examination, the children were between 3 and 7 years of age. The clinical section consisted of a thorough examination and assessment of the children's posture and detection of initial signs of scoliosis.
Казанский ордена Трудового Красного Знамени медицинский институт имени С. В. Курашова
Authors: Khasanova N. Kh. , Beletskaya L. V.
Published: March 2022

One of the first in Russia, the Department of Ophthalmology at the Kazan Medical Institute, founded in 1867, produced a pleiad of remarkable scientists whose works were devoted to the most topical problems of ophthalmology. The works of Professors E. V. Adamyuk (1839-1906), A. G. Agababov (1863-1922), V. V. Chirkovsky (1875-1956), V. E. Adamyuk (1877-1950), A. N. Murzin (1885-1953) created Kazan school of ophthalmologists, which was always responsive to the needs of practical healthcare, was in the forefront of struggle with blindness and with the most frequent eye diseases. Thus, the name of the world famous founder of the chair E. V. Adamyuk is connected with the formation of the national ophthalmology. His doctoral thesis "About the intraocular pressure" was a significant event in the world literature. The main scientific direction of the research carried out at the Department of Ophthalmology since the first days of its establishment up to the present time was the study of the problem of glaucoma.
Comparative evaluation of reconstructive operations on biliary tracts
Authors: Kochnev O. S. , Biryaltsev V. N. , Khalilov Kh. M. , Korobkov V. N.
Published: March 2022

The aim of this work was to evaluate different types of CDA for treatment of common bile duct terminal obstruction based on the analysis of immediate and long-term results (3-5 years) of surgical treatment as well as postoperative complications and to choose an optimal method of CDA placement and conditions for its performance. We divide indications for CDA placement into absolute and relative ones. The absolute indications are as follows: a) cholangitis with dilatation of common bile duct over 2 cm; b) small stones of common bile duct with mechanical jaundice; c) stones in area of large duodenal nipple not removed; d) "arrow" narrowing of the terminal section of choledocha over 2 cm. We consider as relative such indications as uncertainty in complete removal of stones and pancreatic head tumor.
Complications of intrauterine contraception
Authors: Nagovitsina A. I. , Kornyaeva Z. S. , Serebrennikova K. G. , Gorodovskaya E. G.
Published: March 2022

There were 2,659 women with intrauterine devices produced by the Kazan Medical and Instrumental Plant under observation. 122 women were observed up to 3 months, 152 - up to one year, 1906 - from one to 5 years, 445 - up to 7 years, 34 - more than 10 years. The efficacy of intrauterine devices reached 97.6% according to our observations. The control group consisted of 218 women who used synthetic progestins (Bisecurin, Non-Ovlon) for contraception according to the usual scheme: one tablet a day from the 5th day of the cycle.
Neuroregulatory peptides in medicine
Authors: Seifulla R. D. , Belous M. V. , Kim E. K.
Published: March 2022

The wide spectrum of pharmacological activity, diversity of biological action, efficiency in low concentrations, absence of accumulation in the body, and low toxicity determine the prospects for the use of peptide bioregulators in clinical practice. At the same time, the existing obstacles in their use in practical medicine are caused by the rapid decomposition after administration, the modulatory character of their action, which depends on the initial functional state of the body, a weakly pronounced effect when taken orally, and the difficulty of crossing the blood-brain barrier. One approach to solving these problems is the targeted synthesis of new highly effective substances with selective and prolonged action, possessing the necessary stability and specific means to receptors along with natural peptides.
A case of rabies in humans
Authors: Khezretkulov H.
Published: March 2022

For 3 years we monitored 4 people with rabies who did not receive anti-rabies vaccinations after being bitten by an unknown dog. Two adult patients and one adolescent patient developed the disease 35-41 days after the bite. However, in another adolescent the incubation period was 15 months. The patients were bitten by an animal in the leg (2), arm (1), and facial area (1).The victims went to a doctor on days 2-4 of the disease. All patients had typical symptoms of the neurological phase of rabies. They felt headache, anxiety, restlessness, insomnia, dry mouth, water phobia. Against the background of therapy, the condition continued to worsen progressively, and the death of the patients occurred on days 7, 9 and 12 of the disease with the phenomena of suffocation. No autopsy was performed.
Serum immunoglobulin levels in inflammatory periodontal disease
Authors: Nekrasova S. P.
Published: March 2022

106 patients aged 20 to 60 years with the disease duration from one to 10 years were under observation. Generalized chronic periodontitis was diagnosed in 49 patients, localized periodontitis in 30 patients, and generalized chronic catarrhal gingivitis in 27 patients. No other somatic diseases were detected in them. Periodontal condition was assessed according to the values of PMA, Green-Vermilliona indices and the amount of gingival fluid (GDF). The level of immunoglobulins G, A, M in blood serum was determined by simple Mancini radial immunodiffusion method.Treatment included thorough removal of dental deposits, removal of periodontal pockets by surgical and non-operative means, physical influences in the form of hydromassage and medicinal electrophoresis. Regardless of the diagnosis of periodontal disease, all patients were taught oral hygiene care.
HIV infection
Authors: Pokrovsky V. V.
Published: March 2022

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a slowly progressive disease with long-term multiplication of the virus in lymphocytes, macrophages, and nerve tissue cells, causing impaired immune and neurological regulation of the body, which leads to the death of the patient from secondary lesions associated with increasing immunodeficiency (AIDS).
Morbidity in children of the first seven years of life
Authors: Albitsky V. Yu. , Kamaev I. A. , Rezaikin V. I. , Rodionov V. A.
Published: March 2022

We studied the morbidity of infants and preschool children according to three years of attendance at medical and preventive institutions in rural areas of the Gorki Oblast. The study was based on 10 so-called point settlements with Central Regional Hospital, district hospitals, or outpatient clinics. All appeals for the years 1982-1984 (both primary and secondary) were copied to a special statistical card from 3,895 child development histories (Form No. 112). (The data on secondary contacts for illnesses were copied from the special statistical card for 1982-1984. Data on secondary contacts for exacerbations of chronic diseases were used to calculate the criterion for identifying a contingent of frequently ill children. In the statistical chart, primary contacts were coded, on the basis of which disease prevalence rates were calculated.
Anti-carious effect of fluoride and secretory immunity
Authors: Ovrutsky G. D.
Published: March 2022

It has been proved that among the factors influencing the level of dental caries and the course of this disease, the amount of fluoride that enters the body is a determining factor. Under normal conditions the main source is drinking water. The anti-carious effect is inherent in fluoride, as contained in natural waters, and artificially introduced into the water. Once in the body, fluoride is firmly attached to the enamel. At the same time in the enamel prisms represented by hydroxyapatite, one of the hydroxyl groups is replaced by fluorine, forming a hard-to-solve fluorapatite. This view of the mechanism of the anti-carious effect of fluoride is quite reasonable.
Dynamics of pertussis antibodies in the saliva of children revaccinated with DPT vaccine
Authors: Amfiteatrova N. F. , Kiselev A. O.
Published: March 2022

One of the promising methods that can be used in the rapid diagnosis of pertussis is the latex agglutination reaction (RLA), which we developed based on the platelet stained latex microagglutination reaction (RPOLMA). The aim of this work was to investigate the possibility of determining pertussis antibodies in the saliva of children revaccinated with DPT-vaccine by RPLMA. Polystyrene monodisperse latex with particle diameter of 0.55 m, prepared in the All-Russian Research Institute of Synthetic Rubber (Leningrad) and sensitized with pertussis bacteria disintegrator containing 775 g/ml protein (according to Lowry) in the ratio 1 : 2, was used as antigen for RPOLMA.
Prevention and treatment of obstructive complications after adenomectomy of the prostate
Authors: Sitdykov E. N. , Basiashvili T. G.
Published: March 2022

Adenomectomy of the prostate, being basically a radical method of surgical treatment, according to the literature data, often contributes to the development of obstructive complications, the frequency of which has considerably increased for the last 10-15 years and varies within a wide range from 8.8% to 40%.
Passive hemagglutination reaction with dosed erythrocyte diagnosticum
Authors: Gorchakov Yu. L.
Published: March 2022

The passive hemagglutination reaction (PHA) is one of the proven tools for serological diagnosis of infectious diseases. At the same time, its staging technique, which has remained virtually unchanged throughout the use of commercial erythrocyte diagnostic kits, does not always meet diagnostic requirements.As is known, the main parameters of any serological reaction (united by the concept of "informativeness") are sensitivity, clarity, and specificity. In the case of R-PHA, the high level of the first two characteristics raises no doubts, but as for specificity, i.e. the ability to detect or exclude homologous antibodies in a higher titer than heterologous ones, it is impossible to unambiguously assess its degree. The specificity of PPGA is influenced by a number of reasons, and primarily by the properties of the erythrocyte diagnostic kits, which, thanks to industrial technology, can be considered unified and stable.
Indicator paper for determination of bacterial reduction of nitrates and nitrites
Authors: Ruzal G. I. , Abdrazyakova S. Yu. , Tarnopolskaya F. V. , Shiman T. I. , Irtuganova A. A. , Khabibullina N. Kh.
Published: March 2022

For identification of microorganisms, chemical and bacteriological studies, indicator papers are increasingly being introduced, eliminating the use of liquid differential media, various test systems, etc. They are attractive because of their simplicity, reliability, and long storage time. This report presents the results of approbation of papers developed in Kazan Research Institute of EMP for the detection of nitrate and nitrite reductase in representatives of various genera of microorganisms.
On the biological appropriateness of the febrile response
Authors: Mukhutdinova F. I.
Published: March 2022

What is fever - friend or foe? Should it be treated symptomatically? Is fever a well-organized defense mechanism, important for survival, or is it an adverse reaction to stress, at best neutral and at worst dangerous? - these are the range of questions that constantly trouble doctors.
External biliary fistulas and acholia syndrome
Authors: Popov A. N.
Published: March 2022

Complications of surgical treatment of biliary pathology, including mechanical jaundice, include external biliary fistulas. Their formation, in particular spontaneous, is usually preceded by inflammatory changes of gallbladder and ducts or liver with the outcome in suppuration, and the main cause in most cases is cholelithiasis. When the pus bursts through all the layers of the abdominal wall, the bile is expelled simultaneously with the pus or some time later. An external biliary fistula can form after a surgical opening of the pus.
А. V. Rutsky, A. N. Mikhailov. "X-ray Diagnostic Atlas." Minsk "Vysheyshaya shkola". 1987.- PART I. Diseases of musculoskeletal system. Part II. Diseases of internal organs - 320 p.
Authors: Dmitriev A. E. , Kryukov B. N.
Published: March 2022

The rapid development of technical means in medicine has led to the fact that during the last decade instrumental diagnostics has stepped far forward. Such methods as radionuclide and ultrasound diagnostics and computer tomography have become widely and successfully used. However, for the general practice network the most accessible and widespread is still the radiological examination, which helps to make a diagnosis or outline the ways for further examination of the patient.
Screening of female recovering patients after viral hepatitis
Authors: Vanesyan A. S. , Ushakova I. A. , Barkovskaya M. A. , Gabitova R. M. , Mustakova V. L. , Tsaregorodtseva R. G. , Svyatsky B. A.
Published: March 2022

The aim of this work was to increase the reliability of studies by establishing specific timing of blood sampling for ALAT activity taking into account the phases of the menstrual cycle in women of reproductive age before discharge from hospital and during their follow-up after viral hepatitis.
Multiple complications of paratonsillitis with a favorable outcome
Authors: Alimetov Kh. A. , Jabarov D. D.
Published: March 2022

Inflammatory process in paratonsillitis can spread to the cellular spaces of the neck and mediastinum with the development of severe complications. We present our own observation of multiple complications of paratonsillitis with a favorable outcome.
A case of alveolar echinococcosis of multiple localization
Authors: Khakimov I. M. , Ziyatdinov K. M.
Published: March 2022

We observed a case of sternum, body of III thoracic vertebra, parietal pleura, and diaphragm affected by alveolar echinococcus.
On the use of computer technology in phthisiology
Authors: Krasnoperov F. T. , Kholmovskaya M. B. , Sagirova G. M.
Published: March 2022

Phthisiatricians of TASSR together with doctors of general treatment network and the public are working on the implementation of the target program of accelerating the rate of reduction of tuberculosis in the republic for 1985-1990, approved by the Council of Ministers of the Tatar ASSR, using the achievements of scientific and technical progress, materials and decisions of phthisiatric congresses, orders of public health authorities, scientific developments and recommendations.
Problems of shaping a healthy lifestyle
Authors: Tazetdinova A. B. , Andreeva T. I. , Goncharov A. T.
Published: March 2022

The "Main Directions for the Development of Public Health and Reorganization of Public Health in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan and for the Period until the Year 2000" (1987) emphasized that preventive health care has been a fundamental principle and ideology of public health protection. (1987) emphasized that at all stages of the development of Soviet health care, the preventive direction was and remains the underlying principle, the ideology of people's health protection, and "the basis of preventive activities should be the assertion of a healthy lifestyle for each person and the entire society.
125 years of the Department of Pathological Anatomy at Kazan Medical Institute
Authors: Dobrynin V. A.
Published: March 2022

According to the June 18, 1863 University Charter, the fourth department of pathological anatomy in Russia (after Moscow, St.Petersburg and Derpt) was created at the Kazan University Medical Faculty. On October 21, 1863 A.V. Petrov (1837-1885) was appointed the first senior lecturer of the Department of Pathiatomy, who left his mark not only as an organizer of educational process, but also as a scientist and public figure. His studies on typhoid fever and uremia are classic. His experimental work, which showed the contagiousness of tuberculosis, anticipated the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by R. Koch. He gave much strength and energy to the Kazan Society of Physicians, of which he was the chairman for many years.
Letter to the Editor. Vol. 70, No. 2 (1989)
Authors: Mustafin A. M.
Published: March 2022

People of elderly and senile age account for 14% of the population in Kazan, they account for up to 60% of outpatient visits. However, even these figures do not give a complete picture of the level of morbidity of this contingent, because some of them, even in severe cases, do not go to the doctor, considering their condition normal for their age or incurable. This is often confirmed by doctors, trying in some way to justify the lack of a positive therapeutic effect and thereby causing irreparable harm to the patient. If we consider that the proportion of older age groups is currently growing, we can assume that in the near future healthcare will have to address the acute problems associated with health care for the elderly and seniors. Many of them are already overdue.
Chronicle. Vol. 70, No. 2 (1989)
Authors: Latfullin I. A.
Published: March 2022

The plenum of the Board of the All-Union Scientific Society of Physicians took place in Kaliningrad on June 16-17, 1988. It was devoted to the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with the most frequent internal diseases (IHD, hypertension, bronchopulmonary and gastrointestinal diseases) in the out-patient-polyclinic conditions.
The COVID-19 Infodemic: Misinformation About Health on Social Media in Istanbul
Authors: TUNÇER Serdar , TAM Mehmet Sinan
Published: March 2022

Misinformation and conspiracy theories can spread as quickly as the COVID-19 pathogen itself. The infodemic, which describes false or misleading information about this recent epidemic on the internet, has become a serious problem all over the world, and has been declared as an “enemy” by the World Health Organization. In this sense, in order to combat the epidemic, it becomes important to reveal the nuances of COVID-19 related infodemic available on the internet. Particularly, internet users in Turkey are increasingly utilizing social media –a platform synonymous with misinformation– to access news coverage regarding the pandemic (World Health Organization, 2020). In this quantitative study focusing on the city of Istanbul (n=399), which is at the epicenter of the outbreak in Turkey, the social media usage of individuals, their trust in these platforms, exposure to misinformation and conspiracy theories, and fact-checking behaviors were examined. Our results indicate that participants tended to believe in misinformation and conspiracy theories rather than confirming information through fact-checking platforms. Nearly half of all participants believed at least one of four widespread conspiracy theories about the virus. Moreover, when fact-checking did identify misinformation, the participants’ trust in social media showed a slight decrease. Based on these findings, our study proposes a comprehensive model for pandemic-related trust, misinformation, conspiracy theories, and fact-checking factors on digital platforms.
An Alternative for Turkish Serials: Uses and Gratifications of Watching Indian Soap Operas by Turkish Female Viewers
Authors: YÜCEL Yeliz , ÇAPRAZ Yeşim Ceren
Published: March 2022

In the past few years, the popularity of Indian soap operas has skyrocketed in Turkey, especially in 2016 due to Is Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon? (Bir Garip Aşk). The present article investigates female viewers’ motivations for watching Indian soap operas in Turkey. The study was conducted through qualitative research with semi-structured in-depth interviews with 30 female viewers between the ages of 22-60, who were primarily homemakers. This article has revealed five uses and gratifications of Turkish female viewers for watching Indian soaps: Identification, Guilty Pleasure, Relaxation and Escape, Moral Support, and Idealization. Results show that watching Indian soap operas is affected directly by participants’ favorability toward keeping social order (religious, traditional, and familial values) in the right way, their perceived concept of female power, and their willingness to live traditionally. The most unexpected and remarkable finding of this research is the use of watching Indian soaps as a protest against Turkish serials that include sexually explicit content and morally corruptive scenes. Unlike watching Westerner soaps, resistance cannot be found in the uses and gratifications of watching Indian soaps.
Produksi Kitosan dari Cangkang Rajungan (Portunus sp.) pada Suhu Ruang
Authors: Natalia Dessy Atika , Dharmayanti Niken , Roswita Dewi Fera
Published: March 2022

Limbah cangkang rajungan dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi kitosan yang dihasilkan dari proses deasetilasi kitin dengan basa kuat serta menggunakan suhu tinggi. Penggunaan suhu tinggi selama proses berisiko tinggi, sehingga produksi kitosan tanpa tahap pemanasan dapat menjadi solusi untuk mengurangi risiko kecelakaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memproduksi kitosan dari cangkang rajungan pada suhu ruang tanpa adanya pemanasan. Kitosan dibuat melalui tahapan- tahapan berikut yaitu deproteinasi, demineralisasi, dan deasetilasi. Proses pembuatan kitosan dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali ulangan pada waktu yang berbeda dengan metode yang sama dan terukur. Kitosan yang dihasilkan kemudian dikarakterisasi. Kitosan yang dihasilkan memiliki warna putih kekuningan, berbentuk serpihan dan tidak berbau, dengan kadar air 11,25–12,93%, kadar abu 1,62–1,75%, kadar nitrogen 5,12–5,45%, kadar lemak 0,25–0,49%, viskositas 37,50–38,33 cPs, kelarutan 99,50–99,57% dan derajat deasetilasi 57,64%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kitosan dapat dibuat tanpa menggunakan proses pemanasan dan memenuhi standar mutu kitosan komersial kecuali nilai derajat deasetilasi rendah. Pembuatan kitosan tanpa pemanasan diharapkan dapat diterapkan pada miniplant rajungan sehingga dapat memberi nilai tambah untuk cangkang rajungan.
Aktivitas Antioksidan dari Air Buah Beruwas Laut (Scaevola taccada)
Authors: Apriandi Azwin , Anjar Rezeki Zubaidah , Fatmawati Kiki , Novalina Amrizal Sri , Sari Putri R. Marwita
Published: March 2022

Scaevola taccada adalah salah satu tanaman yang banyak dijumpai di pesisir pantai yang berpasir di daerah tropis. Tanaman ini secara empiris banyak memiliki manfaat kesehatan oleh masyarakat pesisir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas antioksidan dan vitamin C yang terdapat pada air buah beruwas laut. Metode penelitan berupa pengujian karakterisasi dan pengukuran morfometrik, serta aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak menggunakan metode DPPH. Hasil penelitian data rendemen yaitu 2,84% air buah muda, 97,16% ampas buah muda, 40,37% air buah tua, dan 59,63% ampas buah tua. Aktivitas antioksidan IC50 adalah air buah tua 113,47 ppm, air buah muda 130,71 ppm, air buah campuran 164,58 ppm. Pengujian kadar vitamin C air buah tua 7,04 mg, air buah muda 36,96 mg, air buah campuran 30,8 mg.
Perbedaan Mutu Permen Jeli Kappaphycus alvarezii yang Dikemas Edible Film Berbasis Gelatin-CMC-Lilin Lebah dan Gelatin-Kitosan-Nanokitin
Authors: Naiu Asri Silvana , Yusuf Nikmawatisusanti , Yusuf Srirahayu Cahyani , Hudongi Yusnina S
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbedaan mutu permen jeli rumput laut yang dikemas edible film berbasis gelatin-karboksimetilselulosa (CMC)-lilin lebah dan gelatin-kitosan-nanokitin. Interaksi senyawa-senyawa berbeda dalam edible film diduga dapat memengaruhi mutu permen jeli selama penyimpanan. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu waktu penyimpanan permen dipercepat menggunakan chamber selama 15 hari pada suhu lebih tinggi (40oC) dengan kelembapan 75% yang setara dengan waktu 60 hari pada suhu ruang. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan Independent T-Test (uji-t) untuk mengetahui laju transmisi uap air (WVTR) edible film, perbedaan mutu kimia dan mikrobiologi permen, serta uji-u Mann-Whitney untuk menguji perbedaan nilai hedonik selama penyimpanan. Parameter uji, yaitu WVTR dan mutu permen jeli meliputi kadar air, gula reduksi, angka lempeng total (ALT), dan nilai hedonik yang semuanya diuji pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil uji-t menunjukkan bahwa WVTR kedua edible film gelatin berbeda tidak nyata (p>0,05). Kadar air permen berbeda nyata pada hari ke-60, sedangkan gula reduksi dan TPC berbeda nyata sejak awal pengamatan. Hasil uji-u Mann-Whitney menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan nyata pada nilai kenampakan permen antar perlakuan yang dimulai dari hari ke-24, nilai aroma sejak hari ke-12, sedangkan nilai rasa dan tekstur permen berbeda tidak nyata. Mutu permen terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan edible film gelatin kitosan-nanokitin.
DNA Barcoding untuk Autentikasi Produk Hiu Segar dari Perairan Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Alsere Bardian Sahaba Muhammad , Abdullah Asadatun , Nugraha Roni
Published: March 2022

Perikanan hiu dan pari di Indonesia, termasuk Tanjung Luar di NTB, menghadapi tantangan besar karena populasi hiu dan pari yang terus menurun. Hiu sangat rentan terhadap penangkapan berlebih dan kepunahan karena faktor seperti kematangan seksual yang lambat dan fekunditas yang rendah. Daging dan sirip hiu umunya diminati konsumen; namun, produk hiu lainnya tidak dicatat secara terpisah dalam statistik perdagangan, sehingga sulit untuk diidentifikasi berdasarkan indikator morfologi. Sebagai alternatifnya dapat menggunakan metode DNA barcoding. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies hiu langka yang terdaftar di CITES yang telah mendarat di pelabuhan NTB menggunakan metode DNA barcoding. Penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi tahap isolasi DNA, amplifikasi DNA, sekuensing dan analisis bioinformatika. Hasil sekuensing DNA dan analisis bioinformatika menunjukkan spesies Sphyrna lewini dan Carcharhinus falciformis teridentifikasi pada sampel dengan tingkat kemiripan 99-100%. Hasil ini menunjukkan ikan hiu yang termasuk dalam daftar CITES masih kerap ditangkap dan dimanfaatkan, sehingga perlu dilakukan regulasi yang lebih tegas dan transfer pengetahuan kepada masyarakat agar spesies hiu yang tergolong terancam punah dapat dilestarikan.