bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Loads assessment of a fixed‐bottom offshore wind farm with wake steering
Authors: Shaler Kelsey , Jonkman Jason , Barter Garrett E. , Kreeft Jasper J. , Muller Jelle P.
Published: July 2022

Wake steering via deliberate yaw offset is an emerging wind farm control technique that has the potential to mitigate wake losses and further increase wind farm energy yield. The loads impact of this technique has been studied, but there is limited insight into wind‐farm‐wide impacts of wake steering. Understanding such impacts is crucial to determining the feasibility of using wake steering in commercial wind farms. To that end, this work investigates the impacts of wake steering on the loads of all turbine components across all turbines in a wind farm operating under a broad set of inflow conditions, including inflow velocity, shear exponent, turbulence class, and inflow angle. This was done by performing FAST.Farm simulations of a 12‐turbine wind farm array, excerpted from a larger hypothetical wind farm. The International Energy Agency Wind 15‐MW reference wind turbine was modeled atop a monopile substructure, an open‐source model that closely approximates the properties of similar commercial options. Wake steering was included via yaw offsets that were computed using an offline optimization with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory tool FLORIS. For each inflow case, the 12‐turbine array was simulated with and without wake steering. Results were compared in terms of time‐averaged means, standard deviations, ultimate loads, and damage‐equivalent loads. The findings show that because wake steering is generally applied at rated wind speeds and below, it is unlikely to drive ultimate loads. For fatigue loads, wake steering does increase the overall fatigue accumulation for some load channels, such as blade‐root and shaft bending. This is to be expected when overall power yield increases but may cause the damage accumulation to be more uniform throughout the array. The significance of the added fatigue loading is dependent on how frequent wake steering is utilized in the overall set of inflow conditions across the wind rose.
The tumor core boost study: A feasibility study of radical dose escalation to the central part of large tumors with an integrated boost in the palliative treatment setting
Authors: Wittenstein Olaf , Krause Fabian , Fischer Mirko , Domschikowski Justus , Nitsche Mirko , Henkenberens Christoph , Habermehl Daniel , Dunst Juergen
Published: July 2022

Purpose

For patients with large tumors palliative radiotherapy often is the only local treatment option. To prevent toxicity the administered doses are low. Dose escalation to the tumor could be an option to better smyptom control and prolong local control rates. In this prospective study we used a very pragmatic approach with a simultaneously integrated boost (SIB) to an almost geometrically defined tumor core to achieve this. The primary endpoint was to demonstrate feasibility.

Method

Patients with solid tumors > 4 cm in diameter of different histologies were eligible in this single arm, prospective, multi-institutional clinical feasibility trial with two treatment concepts: 5 × 5 Gy with an integrated boost to the tumor core of 5 × 10 Gy or 10 × 3 Gy with a boost of 10 × 6 Gy. The objective of dose escalation in this study was to deliver a minimum dose of 150% of the prescribed dose to the gross tumor volume (GTV) tumor core and to reach a maximum of at least 200% in the tumor core.

Results

In all, 21 patients at three study sites were recruited between January 2019 and November 2020 and were almost evenly spread (9 to 12) between the two concepts. The treated planning target volumes (PTV) averaged 389.42 cm3 (range 49.4–1179.6 cm3). The corresponding core volumes were 72.85 cm3 on average (range 4.21–338.3 cm3). Dose escalation to the tumor core with mean doses of 167.7–207.7% related to the nonboost prescribed isodose led to PTV mean doses of 120.5–163.3%. Treatment delivery and short-term follow-up was successful in all patients.

Conclusions

Palliative radiotherapy with SIB to the tumor core seems to be a feasible and well-tolerated treatment concept for large tumors. The applied high doses of up to 50 Gy in 5 fractions (or 60 Gy in 10 fractions) did not cause unexpected side effects in the 42 day follow-up period. Further research is needed for more information on efficacy and long-term toxicity.
A note on Bridgeland moduli spaces and moduli spaces of sheaves on $$X_{14}$$ and $$Y_3$$
Authors: Liu Zhiyu , Zhang Shizhuo
Published: July 2022

We study Bridgeland moduli spaces of semistable objects of $$(-1)$$

(
-
1
)

-classes and $$(-4)$$

(
-
4
)

-classes in the Kuznetsov components on index one prime Fano threefold $$X_{4d+2}$$

X

4
d
+
2

of degree $$4d+2$$

4
d
+
2

and index two prime Fano threefold $$Y_d$$

Y
d

of degree d for $$d=3,4,5$$

d
=
3
,
4
,
5

. For every Serre-invariant stability condition on the Kuznetsov components, we show that the moduli spaces of stable objects of $$(-1)$$

(
-
1
)

-classes on $$X_{4d+2}$$

X

4
d
+
2

and $$Y_d$$

Y
d

are isomorphic. We show that moduli spaces of stable objects of $$(-1)$$

(
-
1
)

-classes on $$X_{14}$$

X
14

are realized by Fano surface $$\mathcal {C}(X)$$

C
(
X
)

of conics, moduli spaces of semistable sheaves $$M_X(2,1,6)$$

M
X

(
2
,
1
,
6
)

and $$M_X(2,-1,6)$$

M
X

(
2
,
-
1
,
6
)

and the correspondent moduli spaces on cubic threefold $$Y_3$$

Y
3

are realized by moduli spaces of stable vector bundles $$M^b_Y(2,1,2)$$

M
Y
b

(
2
,
1
,
2
)

and $$M^b_Y(2,-1,2)$$

M
Y
b

(
2
,
-
1
,
2
)

. We show that moduli spaces of semistable objects of $$(-4)$$

(
-
4
)

-classes on $$Y_{d}$$

Y
d

are isomorphic to the moduli spaces of instanton sheaves $$M^{inst}_Y$$

M
Y

inst

when $$d\ne 1,2$$

d
≠
1
,
2

, and show that there are open immersions of $$M^{inst}_Y$$

M
Y

inst

into moduli spaces of semistable objects of $$(-4)$$

(
-
4
)

-classes when $$d=1,2$$

d
=
1
,
2

. Finally, when $$d=3,4,5$$

d
=
3
,
4
,
5

we show that these moduli spaces are all isomorphic to $$M^{ss}_X(2,0,4)$$

M
X

ss

(
2
,
0
,
4
)

.
Angiogenesis in adipose tissue and obesity
Authors: Corvera Silvia , Solivan-Rivera Javier , Yang Loureiro Zinger
Published: July 2022

While most tissues exhibit their greatest growth during development, adipose tissue is capable of additional massive expansion in adults. Adipose tissue expandability is advantageous when temporarily storing fuel for use during fasting, but becomes pathological upon continuous food intake, leading to obesity and its many comorbidities. The dense vasculature of adipose tissue provides necessary oxygen and nutrients, and supports delivery of fuel to and from adipocytes under fed or fasting conditions. Moreover, the vasculature of adipose tissue comprises a major niche for multipotent progenitor cells, which give rise to new adipocytes and are necessary for tissue repair. Given the multiple, pivotal roles of the adipose tissue vasculature, impairments in angiogenic capacity may underlie obesity-associated diseases such as diabetes and cardiometabolic disease. Exciting new studies on the single-cell and single-nuclei composition of adipose tissues in mouse and humans are providing new insights into mechanisms of adipose tissue angiogenesis. Moreover, new modes of intercellular communication involving micro vesicle and exosome transfer of proteins, nucleic acids and organelles are also being recognized to play key roles. This review focuses on new insights on the cellular and signaling mechanisms underlying adipose tissue angiogenesis, and on their impact on obesity and its pathophysiological consequences.
Sheet sealing in single and multilayer nanopapers
Authors: Ahadian Hamidreza , Sharifi Zamani Elaheh , Phiri Josphat , Coelho Miguel Alexandre Salvador , Maloney Thaddeus
Published: July 2022

This study addresses one of the limiting factors for producing micro and nanofibrillated cellulose (MNFC)-containing papers: poor water removal properties. We focus on the sheet sealing phenomenon during dewatering. A modified dynamic drainage analyzer (DDA) is used to examine both multilayer and single layer forming of MNFC and pulp mixtures. It was found that a thin layer of pulp fibers on the exit layer with the grammage as low as 5 gsm was enough to significantly improve the dewatering of MNFC. For example, the dewatering rate of a furnish with 50% MNFC increased from 0.6 mL/s for a mixed system to 2 mL/s for multilayer system. However, the sheet sealing behavior was completely different when a lower proportion of MNFC was used. For the furnishes with less than 20% MNFC content, the mixed furnishes dewatered faster because the high amount of pulp fibers were able to prevent MNFC from enriching on the exit layer. Surprisingly, we found that very high final solids content (couch solids) could sometimes be achieved when MNFC was used. The highest solids contents achieved were 34 and 29% for the mixed systems. This compares to the 15–20% range typical of standard papermaking furnishes without MNFC. Overall, the results show that contrary to current thinking MNFC containing papers may lead, under some circumstances, to enhanced wire section dewatering.
Growing Out of the Experience: How Subjective Experiences of Effort and Learning Influence the Use of Interleaved Practice
Authors: Onan Erdem , Wiradhany Wisnu , Biwer Felicitas , Janssen Eva M. , de Bruin Anique B. H.
Published: July 2022

In higher education, many students make poor learning strategy decisions. This, in part, results from the counterintuitive nature of effective learning strategies: they enhance long-term learning but also cost high initial effort and appear to not improve learning (immediately). This mixed-method study investigated how students make learning strategy decisions in category learning, and whether students can be supported to make effective strategy decisions through a metacognitive prompt, designed to support accurate monitoring of effort and learning. Participants (N = 150) studied painting styles through blocked and interleaved practice, rated their perceived effort and perceived learning across time, and chose between either blocked or interleaved practice. Half of the participants (N = 74) were provided with a metacognitive prompt that showed them how their subjective experiences per strategy changed across time and required them to relate these experiences to the efficacy of learning strategies. Results indicated that subjective experiences with interleaved practice improved across time: students’ perceived learning increased as their perceived effort decreased. Mediation analysis revealed that the increased feeling of learning increased the likelihood to select interleaved practice. The percentage of students who chose interleaved practice increased from 13 to 40%. Students’ learning strategy decisions, however, did not benefit from the metacognitive prompt. Qualitative results revealed that students initially had inaccurate beliefs about the efficacy of learning strategies, but on-task experiences overrode the influence of prior beliefs in learning strategy decisions. This study suggests that repeated monitoring of effort and learning have the potential to improve the use of interleaved practice.
Filtered Belief Revision: Syntax and Semantics
Authors: Bonanno Giacomo
Published: July 2022

In an earlier paper [Rational choice and AGM belief revision,Artificial Intelligence, 2009] a correspondence was established between the set-theoretic structures of revealed-preference theory (developed in economics) and the syntactic belief revision functions of the AGM theory (developed in philosophy and computer science). In this paper we extend the re-interpretation of those structures in terms of one-shot belief revision by relating them to the trichotomous attitude towards information studied in Garapa (Rev Symb Logic, 1–21, 2020) where information may be either (1) fully accepted or (2) rejected or (3) taken seriously but not fully accepted. We begin by introducing the syntactic notion offiltered belief revisionand providing a characterization of it in terms of a mixture of both AGM revision and contraction. We then establish a correspondence between the proposed notion of filtered belief revision and the above-mentioned set-theoretic structures, interpreted as semanticpartialbelief revision structures. We also provide an interpretation of the trichotomous attitude towards information in terms of the degree of implausibility of the information.
Arbitrary Public Announcement Logic with Memory
Authors: Baltag Alexandru , Özgün Aybüke , Sandoval Ana Lucia Vargas
Published: July 2022

We introduce Arbitrary Public Announcement Logic with Memory (APALM), obtained by adding to the models a ‘memory’ of the initial states, representing the information before any communication took place (“the prior”), and adding to the syntax operators that can access this memory. We show that APALM is recursively axiomatizable (in contrast to the original Arbitrary Public Announcement Logic, for which the corresponding question is still open). We present a complete recursive axiomatization, that includes a natural finitary rule, and study this logic’s expressivity and the appropriate notion of bisimulation. We then examine Group Announcement Logic with Memory (GALM), the extension of APALM obtained by adding to its syntax group announcement operators, and provide a complete finitary axiomatization (again in contrast to the original Group Announcement Logic, for which the only known axiomatization is infinitary). We also show that, in the memory-enhanced context, there is a natural reduction of the so-called coalition announcement modality to group announcements (in contrast to the memory-free case, where this natural translation was shown to be invalid).
Selection of dilution material for non-iodinated iodine as an oral contrast agent for esophageal cancer: a preliminary clinical trial
Authors: Xu Xia , Wu Zhifeng , Zhang Na , Guo Ziquan
Published: July 2022

Purpose

To investigate the filling state of the esophagus using different oral contrast agents for the diagnosis of esophageal cancer by computed tomography (CT).

Materials and methods

This preliminary clinical trial enrolled patients with suspected esophageal carcinoma and admitted from January 2015 to January 2018. The patients were randomized into the yogurt (mixed with ioversol), lotus root powder (mixed with ioversol), gas-producing powder, and control (pure iodine water) groups. Chest CT examinations were performed. The degree of esophageal filling and the detection of esophageal lesions were compared.

Results

Finally, 136 participants were enrolled (n = 34/group). There were no significant differences in esophageal filling degree among the yogurt, lotus root powder, and gas-producing powder groups (P = 0.093). There were 30/3/1 and 30/3/1 confirmed/false-negative/false-positive diagnoses in the yogurt and lotus powder groups, respectively, compared with 28/5/1 and 25/8/1 in the gas-producing powder and control groups, respectively. The concordance rates were the highest for the yogurt (88.2%, with 91.7% specificity and 86.4% sensitivity) and lotus root powder groups (88.2%, with 92.3% specificity and 85.7% sensitivity) and the lowest for the control group (73.5%, with 90.0% specificity and 66.7% sensitivity).

Conclusion

Yogurt mixed with ioversol could fill and expand the esophagus with minimal preparation, displaying the structure of the esophageal lumen and wall thickness. This mixture might be used as a positive contrast agent for esophageal CT. Similar results were observed for the lotus root powder mixed with ioversol, but its preparation was more arduous.
Role of stereotactic body radiotherapy in multidisciplinary management of liver metastases in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Sanuki Naoko , Takeda Atsuya , Tsurugai Yuichiro , Eriguchi Takahisa
Published: July 2022

In the treatment of colorectal cancer patients with distant metastases, the development of new anticancer agents has considerably prolonged progression-free survival. Such survival benefits attributed to chemotherapy have increased the relative significance of local therapy in patients with limited metastases. The liver is recognized as the most common site of metastasis of colorectal cancer because of the intestinal mesenteric drainage to the portal veins. Hepatic resection of isolated liver metastases of colorectal cancer is the only option for a potential cure. However, hepatic metastases are resectable in only approximately 20% of the patients. For remaining patients with high-risk resectable liver metastases or those who are unfit for surgery, less invasive, local therapies including radiation therapy (stereotactic body radiation therapy, SBRT) may have a potential role in treatment. Although the local control rate of SBRT for colorectal liver metastases has room for improvement, its less-invasive nature and broad indications deserve consideration. Future research should include SBRT dose escalation or the selection of patients who benefit from local ablative therapies. SBRT may offer an alternative, non-invasive approach for the treatment of colorectal liver metastases in a multidisciplinary treatment strategy.
Is there any health danger by radioactivity on the use of dimensional stones?
Authors: Siegesmund Siegfried , Pereira Alcides , Sousa Luís , Rucker Stine , Kallas Leander , Kopka Bernd , Domingos Filipa , Seco Sérgio
Published: July 2022

Natural building stones must be analysed according to a legally defined procedure to prove that the natural radioactivity they emit is below the so-called activity index given by European Commission. This applies in particular to rooms inside buildings or apartments that are used by people for longer periods of time. Gamma spectrometric measurements were determined for all nuclides involved, 40K, 226Ra and 232Th, which were finally summed up to a total dose for each sample. Measurements are prescribed to check whether the reference value of 1 milli-Sievert per year can be exceeded by radionuclides in the respective building materials. Natural stones, 82 in total from all over the world, such as various igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, which are currently used as building stones for interior and exterior finishing, as kitchen worktops, floor tiles, wall cladding, table tops, furniture cover plates, paving stones, terrace slabs, paving slabs, stairs, street furniture, etc., were selected. Additionally, Rn-222 and Rn-220 exhaled per unit mass were determined simultaneously on 54 selcted from the total 82 rocks by using the accumulation method. In addition, our results were statistically compared with literature data, according to which fesic igneous rocks, gneisses and clay mineral-rich rocks have the highest potential to be radiologically threatening. Limestones, marbles, quartzites, mafic igneous rocks and sandstones are generally less radiologically harmful, but even here there are exceptions depending on the geological formation history and mineralogical composition. The highest activity index of 1.87 was determined for the gneiss Giallo California. Model calculations to determine the expected radiation exposure for a human were used by applying two less complex approaches. Even with the extreme model “coffin”, which consists of the Gialo California, a human experiences only a maximum dose rate of 1.29 mSva−1, which is far below the maximum dose rate of 20 mSv a−1 allowed for occupational radiation exposure. The 220Rn and 222Rn are often neglected; however, their contribution to the dose rate received by the population may be significant. Model simulations for a room with 4 m × 3 m × 2.5 m where the walls and the floor coverd with tiles of 1 cm thickness show a maximum indoor radon concentration of less then 100 Bg m−3. With increase in thickness of the tiles up to 3 cm, 10 cm and 20 cm and for poorly ventilated rooms especially some granitoids, gneisses and the copper-rich shale are above the allowed limit of the European Commission.
Academic integrity in upper year nursing students’ work-integrated settings
Authors: Miron Jennie , Wilson Rosemary , Freeman John , Sears Kim
Published: July 2022

Work-integrated learning (WIL) is an educational approach that aims to support students’ integration of theory to practice. These rich learning opportunities provide students with real-world experiences and introduce practice and ethical situations that help consolidate and bridge their knowledge and skill. Academic integrity has been defined as the ongoing commitment to values that are consistent with ethical practice: honesty, trust, fairness, respect, responsibility, and courage (International Centre for Academic Integrity, 2021). It is important to understand what specifically influences students’ intentions to behave with integrity in WIL settings. This paper reports on one study that explored predictors to students’ intentions to behave with integrity across three different WIL settings in their upper years of studies. The findings and recommendations from the research may help to inform other professional programs that include WIL through their educational offerings.
Reel Resistance - The Cinema of Jean-Marie Teno
Authors: Thackway Melissa , Teno Jean-Marie
Published: July 2022

Weaving together critical analysis and a filmic conversation, this book journeys through the multiple layers of Cameroonian filmmaker Jean-Marie Teno's thematically and aesthetically challenging body of work, framed here as a form of decolonial cinematic resistance.
Leveraging the ExpandNet framework and operational partnerships to scale-up brief Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in VA primary care clinics
Authors: Boykin Derrecka M. , Wray Laura O. , Funderburk Jennifer S. , Holliday Steve , Kunik Mark E. , Kauth Michael R. , Fletcher Terri L. , Mignogna Joseph , Roberson Richard B. , Cully Jeffrey A.
Published: July 2022

Evidence-based psychotherapies (EBPs) are underused in health care settings. Aligning implementation of EBPs with the needs of health care leaders (i.e., operational stakeholders) can potentially accelerate their uptake into routine practice. Operational stakeholders (such as hospital leaders, clinical directors, and national program officers) can influence development and oversight of clinical programs as well as policy directives at local, regional, and national levels. Thus, engaging these stakeholders during the implementation and dissemination of EBPs is critical when targeting wider use in health care settings. This article describes how research–operations partnerships were leveraged to increase implementation of an empirically supported psychotherapy – brief Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (brief CBT) – in Veterans Health Administration (VA) primary care settings. The partnered implementation and dissemination efforts were informed by the empirically derived World Health Organization’s ExpandNet framework. A steering committee was formed and included several VA operational stakeholders who helped align the brief CBT program with the implementation needs of VA primary care settings. During the first 18 months of the project, partnerships facilitated rapid implementation of brief CBT at eight VA facilities, including training of 12 providers who saw 120 patients, in addition to expanded program elements to better support sustainability (e.g., train-the-trainer procedures).
THE SOUNDSCAPE OF THE HUAINANZI 淮南子: POETRY, PERFORMANCE, PHILOSOPHY, AND PRAXIS IN EARLY CHINA
Authors: Wong Peter Tsung Kei
Published: July 2022

This article proposes that oral performance could be a philosophical activity in early China. The focus is on the Huainanzi, a densely rhymed philosophical treatise compiled by Liu An in the second century b.c.e. I show that the tome contains various sound-correlated poetic forms that are intended not only to enable textual performance but also, by means of aural mimesis, to encourage the intuitive understanding of its philosophical messages. Thus scholars of ancient poetry, philosophy, or intellectual history, despite being habituated to reading silently and observing disciplinary boundaries, should be attentive to these sonic patterns in order to do justice to the poetic-cum-philosophical richness and originality of this text. More importantly, I argue that these poetic forms enable readers and audiences to experience, embody, and, above all, enact the Way through textual performance. Thanks to the sound patterns of the Huainanzi, the somatic processes of aural reading and philosophical praxis can occur simultaneously. Vocalization becomes an actionable and repeatable spiritual exercise, which facilitates the intuitive understanding and internalization of philosophical values. In other words, the perennial knowing–doing gap is heroically closed by the Huainanzi.
EXTENSIONAL REALIZABILITY AND CHOICE FOR DEPENDENT TYPES IN INTUITIONISTIC SET THEORY
Authors: FRITTAION EMANUELE
Published: July 2022

In [17], we introduced an extensional variant of generic realizability [22], where realizers act extensionally on realizers, and showed that this form of realizability provides inner models of
$\mathsf {CZF}$
(constructive Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory) and
$\mathsf {IZF}$
(intuitionistic Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory), that further validate
$\mathsf {AC}_{\mathsf {FT}}$
(the axiom of choice in all finite types). In this paper, we show that extensional generic realizability validates several choice principles for dependent types, all exceeding
$\mathsf {AC}_{\mathsf {FT}}$
. We then show that adding such choice principles does not change the arithmetic part of either
$\mathsf {CZF}$
or
$\mathsf {IZF}$
.
‘Well, the burden never shifts, but it does’: celebrity, property offences and judicial innovation in Woolmington v DPP
Authors: Crosby K
Published: July 2022

In his 1935 judgment in Woolmington v DPP, Viscount Sankey declared the prosecution's burden of proving the accused's guilt was a ‘golden thread’, running ‘throughout the whole web of English criminal law’. This paper explores what Woolmington can tell us about the appeals process – and about the criminal law itself – less than 30 years after the first automatic right to appeal was created in English criminal law. It argues that the decision helps us understand the political pressures that could help to form – and make possible – legal decisions during this period. And it finds that the Woolmington decision itself – both in the text of the decision and in its immediate reception – was more universal than it was fundamental. Woolmington, I argue, has always been more about the high-level principles of English criminal law than about securing any kind of minimal procedural rights for a defendant.
Psychological distress and unhealthy dietary behaviours among adolescents aged 12–15 years in nine South-East Asian countries: a secondary analysis of the Global School-Based Health Survey data
Authors: Shawon Md Shajedur Rahman , Jahan Esrat , Rouf Rashawan Raziur , Hossain Fariha Binte
Published: July 2022

It is unclear whether there is any association between psychological distress and unhealthy dietary habits among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of these factors in South-East Asia region and investigate their associations. We used data from the Global School-based Health Survey for nine South-East Asian countries. Psychological distress was defined by presence of ≥ 2 factors from loneliness, anxiety, suicide ideation, suicide planning and suicide attempt. We assessed inadequate fruit intake, inadequate vegetable intake, daily soft drink and weekly fast-food consumption. We used random-effects meta-analysis to estimate pooled prevalence. Logistic regressions were used to estimate OR of unhealthy dietary behaviours for psychological distress. Among 30 013 adolescents (56 % girls) aged 12–15 years, the prevalence of psychological distress was 11·0 %, with girls reporting slightly higher than boys (11·8 % v. 10·1 %). The prevalence of inadequate fruit intake, inadequate vegetable intake, daily soft drink consumption and weekly fast-food consumption was 42 %, 26 %, 40 % and 57 %, respectively. Psychological distress was associated with inadequate fruit intake (pooled OR = 1·20, 95 % CI 1·03, 1·40), inadequate vegetable intake (pooled OR = 1·17, 1·05, 1·31) and daily soft drink consumption (pooled OR = 1·14, 1·03, 1·26); but not with weekly fast-food consumption (pooled OR = 1·13, 0·96, 1·31). We observed substantial cross-country variations in prevalence and OR estimates. In conclusion, South-East Asian adolescents have significant burden of psychological distress and unhealthy dietary behaviours, with those having psychological distress are more likely to have unhealthy dietary behaviours. Our findings will guide preventative interventions and inform relevant policies around adolescent nutrition in the region.
Yields and weed management of sweet corn as influenced by seedbed preparation methods and wheat residues rates
Authors: Niknam Nasrin , Farajee Hooshang , Movahhedi Dehnavi Mohsen , Yadavi Alireza
Published: July 2022

One of the challenges to improve sweet corn [Zea mays var. Saccharata (Sturtev.) L. H. Bailey] production is finding a way to increase crop establishment and decrease weed infestation. Crop establishment and weed control are of prime importance in sweet corn production. Three methods of seedbed preparation including pre-planting irrigation before ridge-furrow preparation, pre-planting irrigation after ridge-furrow preparation and irrigation after planting, and four wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residue rates (0, 250, 500 and 750 g/m2) were arranged in a split plot based on a randomized complete blocks design. Higher seedling emergence and weed control were significantly obtained in pre-planting irrigation than irrigation after planting treatments. Wheat residue mulching reduced soil moisture depletion, proline and soluble carbohydrates contents with decreasing weed biomass. The efficiency of weed management was found to be ensured using pre-planting irrigation coupled with wheat residues application. The grain yield was the highest (1433 g/m2) using pre-planting irrigation and wheat residue mulching (750 g/m2). Weed biomass decreased by 58% in pre-planting irrigation after ridge-furrow preparation and wheat residue mulching (750 g/m2) compared to irrigation after planting and no-mulching treatment. Therefore, pre-planting irrigation after ridge-furrow preparation and wheat residues application (500–750 g/m2) were optimal management practices for crop establishment and weed control to improve yields and water productivity of sweet corn in the region.
Egyptian propolis and selenium nanoparticles against murine trichinosis: a novel therapeutic insight
Authors: Sarhan M.H. , Farghaly A. , Abd El-Aal N.F. , Mohammed Farag S. , Ahmed Ali A. , Farag T.I.
Published: July 2022

Trichinosis is a serious zoonotic disease that causes human morbidity and mortality. New effective natural remedies with minimal side effects that are well tolerated are needed to treat both enteral and parenteral trichinosis. This study evaluated the efficacy of selenium (Se), Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) and Egyptian propolis compared with albendazole as antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic agents for treating murine trichinosis. We used parasitological, histopathological and immunohistochemical assays, as well as scanning electron microscopy, to examine adult worms. Overall, 80 Swiss albino male mice were divided into eight groups, with ten mice in each group, as follows: negative control, positive control, albendazole, propolis, Se, combination of propolis and Se, SeNPs and combination of SeNPs and propolis. Mice were slaughtered seven and 35 days after infection to examine the intestinal and muscular phases, respectively. This study demonstrated the efficacy of the combination of SeNPs and propolis. As revealed by electron microscopy, this combination caused damage to the adult worm cuticle. Additionally, compared with albendazole, it resulted in a significant reduction in adult worm and total larval counts; moreover, it caused a decrease in the number of larvae deposited in muscles, with a highly significant decrease in the inflammatory cell infiltrate around the larvae and a considerable decrease in the expression of the angiogenic marker vascular endothelial growth factor in muscles. In conclusion, the combination of SeNPs and propolis had antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects on trichinosis. Consequently, this combination could be used as a natural alternative therapy to albendazole for treating trichinosis.
A Lord’s Prayer inscription from Amorium and the materiality of early Byzantine Christian prayer
Authors: Tsivikis Nikos
Published: July 2022

This article presents an analytical study of a rare example of the text of the Lord’s Prayer inscribed on an early Byzantine ceramic plate that was found in excavations at Amorium. The graffito inscription is discussed in detail and the text identified securely with the Lord’s Prayer as preserved from the Gospels of Mathew and Luke. It is an extremely rare find in Asia Minor. At the same time, the inscribed vessel is examined as an object within its possible context, ecclesiastical, domestic or other, through comparison with other known examples. Finally, the article discusses the possible uses of the Lord’s Prayer in day-to-day life and the materiality of prayer for Christians during the early Byzantine period between the fourth and seventh centuries.
Scheduling servers in a two-stage queue with abandonments and costs
Authors: Zayas-Cabán Gabriel , Cochran Amy L.
Published: July 2022

We consider the assignment of servers to two phases of service in a two-stage tandem queueing system when customers can abandon from each stage of service. New jobs arrive at both stations. Jobs arriving at station 1 may go through both phases of service and jobs arriving at station 2 may go through only one phase of service. Stage-dependent holding and lump-sum abandonment costs are incurred. Continuous-time Markov decision process formulations are developed that minimize discounted expected and long-run average costs. Because uniformization is not possible, we use the continuous-time framework and sample path arguments to analyze control policies. Our main results are conditions under which priority rules are optimal for the single-server model. We then propose and evaluate threshold policies for allocating one or more servers between the two stages in a numerical study. These policies prioritize a phase of service before “switching” to the other phase when total congestion exceeds a certain number. Results provide insight into how to adjust the switching rule to significantly reduce costs for specific input parameters as well as more general multi-server situations when neither preemption or abandonments are allowed during service and service and abandonment times are not exponential.
Heterogeneity of quality of life in young people attending primary mental health services
Authors: Cotton Sue M. , Hamilton Matthew P. , Filia Kate , Menssink Jana M. , Engel Lidia , Mihalopoulos Cathrine , Rickwood Debra , Hetrick Sarah E. , Parker Alexandra G. , Herrman Helen , Telford Nic , Hickie Ian , McGorry Patrick D. , Gao Caroline X.
Published: July 2022

Aims

The utility of quality of life (QoL) as an outcome measure in youth-specific primary mental health care settings has yet to be determined. We aimed to determine: (i) whether heterogeneity on individual items of a QoL measure could be used to identify distinct groups of help-seeking young people; and (ii) the validity of these groups based on having clinically meaningful differences in demographic and clinical characteristics.

Methods

Young people, at their first presentation to one of five primary mental health services, completed a range of questionnaires, including the Assessment of Quality of Life–6 dimensions adolescent version (AQoL-6D). Latent class analysis (LCA) and multivariate multinomial logistic regression were used to define classes based on AQoL-6D and determine demographic and clinical characteristics associated with class membership.

Results

1107 young people (12–25 years) participated. Four groups were identified: (i) no-to-mild impairment in QoL; (ii) moderate impairment across dimensions but especially mental health and coping; (iii) moderate impairment across dimensions but especially on the pain dimension; and (iv) poor QoL across all dimensions along with a greater likelihood of complex and severe clinical presentations. Differences between groups were observed with respect to demographic and clinical features.

Conclusions

Adding multi-attribute utility instruments such as the AQoL-6D to routine data collection in mental health services might generate insights into the care needs of young people beyond reducing psychological distress and promoting symptom recovery. In young people with impairments across all QoL dimensions, the need for a holistic and personalised approach to treatment and recovery is heightened.
Toward a wearable monitor of local muscle fatigue during electrical muscle stimulation using tissue Doppler imaging
Authors: Majdi Joseph A. , Acuña Samuel A. , Chitnis Parag V. , Sikdar Siddhartha
Published: July 2022

Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) is widely used in rehabilitation and athletic training to generate involuntary muscle contractions. However, EMS leads to rapid muscle fatigue, limiting the force a muscle can produce during prolonged use. Currently available methods to monitor localized muscle fatigue and recovery are generally not compatible with EMS. The purpose of this study was to examine whether Doppler ultrasound imaging can assess changes in stimulated muscle twitches that are related to muscle fatigue from electrical stimulation. We stimulated five isometric muscle twitches in the medial and lateral gastrocnemius of 13 healthy subjects before and after a fatiguing EMS protocol. Tissue Doppler imaging of the medial gastrocnemius recorded muscle tissue velocities during each twitch. Features of the average muscle tissue velocity waveforms changed immediately after the fatiguing stimulation protocol (peak velocity: -38%, p = .022; time-to-zero velocity: +8%, p = .050). As the fatigued muscle recovered, the features of the average tissue velocity waveforms showed a return towards their baseline values similar to that of the normalized ankle torque. We also found that features of the average tissue velocity waveform could significantly predict the ankle twitch torque for each participant (R2 = 0.255–0.849, p < .001). Our results provide evidence that Doppler ultrasound imaging can detect changes in muscle tissue during isometric muscle twitch that are related to muscle fatigue, fatigue recovery, and the generated joint torque. Tissue Doppler imaging may be a feasible method to monitor localized muscle fatigue during EMS in a wearable device.
Influence of exoskeleton use on welding quality during a simulated welding task
Authors: Schalk Marco , Schalk Ines , Bauernhansl Thomas , Siegert Jörg , Esin Alexander , Schneider Urs
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of wearing exoskeletons during welding on the quality of the weld seam.

Material and methods

A total of n = 15 young healthy subjects with welding experience took part in the study. The study design defines a 1-hr workflow that abstracts welding and grinding tasks. The sequence is based on standard DIN EN ISO 9606-1 and reproduces authentic work sequences in the constrained body positions PF-workpiece in front of the body and PE-workpiece overhead. Each subject completed the entire workflow once with and once without passive shoulder exoskeleton in a randomized order.

Results

The evaluation shows that the use of passive shoulder exoskeletons has a significant influence (p = .006 for Position PF; p = .029 for Position PE) on the welding parameter travel speed which significantly influences the quality of the weld seam. The quality scale (by the used augmented reality (AR) welding simulator) of the travel speed, which significantly determines the permissibility of the weld, increases by 5.80% in the constrained body position PF and by 28.87% in the constrained body position PE when using an exoskeleton.

Discussion and conclusion

The score of the welding parameter travel speed, which is essential for the permissibility of the seam, shows a statistically significant increase when an assistance system is used. Further research during real welding with exoskeletons could be based on the setup and workflow of this study.
The Impact of COVID-19-Associated Discrimination on Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Asian American Adolescents
Authors: Ermis-Demirtas Hulya , Luo Ye , Huang Yun-Ju
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Given the potential adverse impact of COVID-19-associated discrimination (CAD) targeting Asian Americans, we investigated the relationship between online and in-person CAD and mental health outcomes in a sample of East and Southeast Asian American (ESEAA) high school students ( n = 114). The study findings revealed that students with experiences of CAD in online and offline settings reported higher levels of anxiety and depression symptoms above and beyond the traumatic events and lifetime discrimination they endured in life. These results support the need and urgency to attend to the unique challenges in the ESEAA students related to CAD and their mental health outcomes. We provided implications for practice when working with this population and discussed study limitations and recommendations for future research.
Hazardous Air Pollutants Found in Cooking Stove Gas
Authors: Duncombe Jenessa
Published: July 2022

A Boston study revealed that natural gas piped into homes contained 21 toxins on the EPA’s hazardous air pollutant list.
Inter‐Model Spread of North Tropical Atlantic Trans‐Basin Effect Substantially Biases Tropical Pacific Sea Surface Temperature Multiyear Prediction
Authors: Yang Jun‐Chao , Lv Zhen , Richter Ingo , Zhang Yu , Lin Xiaopei
Published: July 2022

Sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the tropical Pacific (TP) has world‐wide climate and economic influences; hence, improving its prediction is of great interest. Recent modeling studies suggested that north tropical Atlantic variability can influence TP SST variability and prediction. However, models are subject to biases in both the tropical Atlantic and Pacific, and it remains an open question whether these biases affect the trans‐basin linkages and the prediction of TP SST. To investigate this issue, we apply linear inverse modeling to observations and climate models. We find that removing north tropical Atlantic forcing indeed strongly lowers TP SST multiyear prediction skills in observations and models. Models show a large spread of the Atlantic trans‐basin effect, which leads to markedly different TP SST multiyear prediction skills. Our study highlights the necessity to narrow the inter‐model spread for more reliable TP SST multiyear prediction.
Homocysteine-targeting compounds as a new treatment strategy for diabetic wounds via inhibition of the histone methyltransferase SET7/9
Authors: Li Guodong , Li Dan , Wu Chun , Li Shengnan , Chen Feng , Li Peng , Ko Chung-Nga , Wang Wanhe , Lee Simon Ming-Yuen , Lin Ligen , Ma Dik-Lung , Leung Chung-Hang
Published: July 2022

In hypoxia and hyperglycemia, SET7/9 plays an important role in controlling HIF-1α methylation and regulating the transcription of HIF-1α target genes, which are responsible for angiogenesis and wound healing. Here, we report the Ir(III) complex Set7_1a bearing acetonitrile (ACN) ligands as a SET7/9 methyltransferase inhibitor and HIF-1α stabilizer. Interestingly, Set7_1a could engage SET7/9 and strongly inhibit SET7/9 activity, especially after preincubation with homocysteine (Hcy), which is elevated in diabetes. We hypothesize that Set7_1a exchanges ACN subunits for Hcy to disrupt the interaction between SET7/9 and SAM/SAH, which are structurally related to Hcy. Inhibition of SET7/9 methyltransferase activity by Set7_1a led to reduced HIF-1α methylation at the lysine 32 residue, causing increased HIF-1α level and recruitment of HIF-1α target genes that promote angiogenesis, such as VEGF, GLUT1, and EPO, in hypoxia and hyperglycemia. Significantly, Set7_1a improved wound healing in a type 2 diabetic mouse model by activating HIF-1α signaling and downstream proangiogenic factors. To our knowledge, this is the first Hcy-targeting iridium compound shown to be a SET7/9 antagonist that can accelerate diabetic wound healing. More importantly, this study opens a therapeutic avenue for the treatment of diabetic wounds by the inhibition of SET7/9 lysine methyltransferase activity.
Evaluation of in vivo staging of amyloid deposition in cognitively unimpaired elderly aged 78–94
Authors: Michalowska Malgorzata M. , Herholz Karl , Hinz Rainer , Amadi Chinenye , McInnes Lynn , Anton-Rodriguez Jose M. , Karikari Thomas K. , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Ashton Nicholas J. , Pendleton Neil , Carter Stephen F.
Published: July 2022

Amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition is common in cognitively unimpaired (CU) elderly >85 years. This study investigated amyloid distribution and evaluated three published in vivo amyloid-PET staging schemes from a cognitively unimpaired (CU) cohort aged 84.9 ± 4.3 years (n = 75). SUV-based principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to 18F-flutemetamol PET data to determine an unbiased regional covariance pattern of tracer uptake across grey matter regions. PET staging schemes were applied to the data and compared to the PCA output. Concentration of p-tau181 was measured in blood plasma. The PCA revealed three distinct components accounting for 91.2% of total SUV variance. PC1 driven by the large common variance of uptake in neocortical and striatal regions was significantly positively correlated with global SUVRs, APOE4 status and p-tau181 concentration. PC2 represented mainly non-specific uptake in typical amyloid-PET reference regions, and PC3 the occipital lobe. Application of the staging schemes demonstrated that the majority of the CU cohort (up to 93%) were classified as having pathological amount and distribution of Aβ. Good correspondence existed between binary (+/−) classification and later amyloid stages, however, substantial differences existed between schemes for low stages with 8–17% of individuals being unstageable, i.e., not following the sequential progression of Aβ deposition. In spite of the difference in staging outcomes there was broad spatial overlap between earlier stages and PC1, most prominently in default mode network regions. This study critically evaluated the utility of in vivo amyloid staging from a single PET scan in CU elderly and found that early amyloid stages could not be consistently classified. The majority of the cohort had pathological Aβ, thus, it remains an open topic what constitutes abnormal brain Aβ in the oldest-old and what is the best method to determine that.