bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influência de fenômenos climáticos sobre o regime de vazões na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Tapajós
Authors: Sousa Eduarda Silva de , Santos Vanessa Conceição dos , Costa Carlos Eduardo Aguiar de Souza
Published: April 2022

O monitoramento de eventos hidrológicos e a análise da variabilidade espaço-temporal da precipitação são instrumentos significativos no gerenciamento hídrico, bem como identificar alguns sistemas climáticos e fenômenos, observando como estes influenciam nas precipitações pluviométricas, a exemplo o El Niño. O El Niño Oscilação Sul (ENOS) e o Dipolo Atlântico, que são os principais fenômenos que exercem influência sobre a hidrologia na região amazônica. O presente trabalho possui como objetivo analisar a influência desses fenômenos climáticos sobre o regime de vazões, obtidos por meio de curvas de permanência, na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Tapajós. O Dipolo do Atlântico, foi determinado com base nos índices TNA (Tropical Northern Atlantic) e TSA (Tropical Southern Atlantic), uma vez que este fenômeno interfere diretamente no principal sistema atmosférico da região, a Zona de Convergência Intertropical (ZCIT). Para análise dos ENOS, utilizou-se o índice de Oscilação do Niño (ION). As análises consistiram na aplicação dos métodos estatísticos correlação de Pearson e regressão linear, considerando a interação entre os valores de vazão e os índices climáticos. Deste modo, foi possível verificar a influência dos ENOS e Dipolo do Atlântico sobre o regime fluvial da Bacia.
território-região afrocolombiano
Authors: Bonfá Neto Dorival
Published: April 2022

O litoral do Pacífico Colombiano, conhecido também como Chocó biogeográfico, é uma região historicamente ocupada por comunidades afrocolombianas que se formaram desde o século XVI e mantiveram seus modos de vida tradicionais através da prática da agricultura, pesca e extrativismo. Ao longo do século XX a região foi alvo de alguns processos de intervenções por parte do governo colombiano com a tentativa de integrar a região, isolada do resto do país, através de ações permeadas pelo discurso de desenvolvimento. Muitas dessas ações causaram conflitos socioambientais e territoriais com as comunidades negras e indígenas lá estabelecidas. Frente a esses processos, houve uma resistência das comunidades que passaram a reivindicar seus territórios, culminando na promulgação da Lei 70 de 1993, que titulou as terras baldias para uso e posse dos Conselhos Comunitários Afrocolombianos. Dessa forma, objetivamos analisar esse processo de formação do território afrocolombiano e discutir como ele foi colocado em disputa, culminando na criação da Lei 70 em 1993 que trouxe a titulação coletiva do território.

Palavras-chave: Chocó. Afrocolombianos. Território. Territorialidade.
Políticas de desenvolvimento, marginalização e criminalização das populações locais
Authors: Miranda Roberto de Sousa
Published: April 2022

O objetivo do artigo é analisar as dinâmicas de povoamento, de modernização agrícola e de industrialização do Cerrado e da Amazônia a partir de uma revisão da literatura que aborda o tema, sem se propor a resgatar tudo o que já foi produzido, mas com a intenção de trazer à tona as principais questões e discursos defendidos nas últimas seis décadas. De antemão, refuta-se a ideia de que os dois biomas eram desabitados e defende-se a tese de que o povoamento e estratégias de desenvolvimento econômico, estimulados pelos projetos de colonização e pelos programas agropecuários, agrominerais e hidrelétricos, marginalizaram as populações locais e tradicionais nos anos 1970 e 1980, porque não foram beneficiadas, e as criminalizaram a partir dos anos 1990, com uma rigorosa legislação de mitigação dos impactos ambientais dos grandes projetos.
Influence of the magnetic field on the formation of protostellar disks
Authors: Kargaltseva Natalya S. , Khaibrakhmanov Sergey A. , Dudorov Alexander E. , Zamozdra Sergey N. , Zhilkin Andrey G.
Published: April 2022

We numerically model the collapse of magnetic rotating protostellar clouds with mass of 10

M

⊙

{M}_{\odot }

. The simulations are carried out with the help of 2D MHD code Enlil. The structure of the cloud at the isothermal stage of the collapse is investigated for the cases of weak, moderate, and strong initial magnetic field. Simulations reveal the universal hierarchical structure of collapsing protostellar clouds, consisting of the flattened envelope with the qausi-magnetostatc disk inside and the first core in its center. The size of the primary disk increases with the initial magnetic energy of the cloud. The magnetic braking efficiently transports the angular momentum from the primary disk into the envelope in the case, when the initial magnetic energy of the cloud is more than 20% of its gravitational energy. The intensity of the outflows launched from the region near the boundary of the first core increases with initial magnetic energy. The “dead” zone with small ionization fraction,

x
<
1

0

−
11

x\lt 1{0}^{-11}

, forms inside the first hydrostatic core and at the base of the outflow. Ohmic dissipation and ambipolar diffusion determine conditions for further formation of the protostellar disk in this region.
SOX4 promotes high-glucose-induced inflammation and angiogenesis of retinal endothelial cells by activating NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Wei Haifeng , Gu Quan
Published: April 2022

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a type of main microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and an important factor that causes blindness in adults. SOX4 is a transcription factor expressed in the pancreas and is essential for normal endocrine pancreatic development. However, the effect and the regulatory mechanism of SOX4 on DR have not been reported. In the present study, upregulation of SOX4 was found in DM patients, particularly in DR patients and mice models. The in vitro experiments showed that SOX4 depletion increased the viability and inhibited the inflammation level of human retinal endothelial cells (HRCECs) induced by high glucose. Besides, SOX4 knockdown inhibited the migration and angiogenesis of HRCECs upon high glucose treatment. Mechanically, depletion of SOX4 inhibited the NF-κB pathway. Therefore, SOX4 could serve as a promising target for DR treatment.
Studie zur frühen Rezeption der Geschichte der Drei Reiche in deutschsprachigen Ländern
Authors: Yuan Si
Published: April 2022

Die früheste Rezeption des chinesischen Romans Geschichte der Drei Reiche in Deutschland lässt sich auf das Jahr 1856 datieren. In diesem Beitrag wird auf die Rezeption der Geschichte der Drei Reiche durch Schriftsteller und Sinologen in deutschsprachigen Ländern im Zeitraum von 1856 bis 1940 eingegangen. Durch eine Einteilung der Rezeption in drei Epochen kommt der Beitrag schließlich zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Rezeption des Romans Geschichte der Drei Reiche in deutschsprachigen Ländern von den politischen und kulturellen Kontexten verschiedener historischer Epochen geprägt war. Die Gemeinschaft der deutschen Übersetzer haben einen bemerkenswerten Beitrag zur Verbreitung und Rezeption des Romans in Deutschland geleistet und eine positive und aktive Rolle gespielt, um die kulturelle Interaktion und das gegenseitige Verständnis zwischen China und Deutschland zu fördern.
On Freedom and Responsibility in an Extra-Moral Sense: Nietzsche and Non-Sovereign Responsibility
Authors: Sardo Michael
Published: April 2022

Interpreting Nietzsche’s writings on agency and responsibility through the lens of non-sovereignty generates interpretive and political-theoretical contributions. More specifically, I advance three arguments. First, Nietzsche’s genealogical critique of moral responsibility denaturalizes modernity’s conception of individual sovereignty and responsibility, by providing a naturalistic account of agency. Agency and responsibility are neither Kantian presuppositions of practical reason nor pieces of folk psychology to be abolished, but are normative, social, and historical achievements, and thus non-sovereign. Second, this implies a theory of responsibility that is simultaneously more and less demanding than moralistic accounts: while, because agents are not autonomous, they do not bear sole responsibility for their lives, they are called upon to be responsible to and for the world, by maintaining the conditions of possible agency and flourishing. Third, Nietzsche provides both generative resources and cautionary tales for political theories of non-sovereign agency. While non-sovereign responsibility holds emancipatory and potentially democratic implications, Nietzsche’s explicit political writings demonstrate the risk that, rather than tempering existential resentment, this account could generate and intensify a resentful anti-political authoritarianism. Just as non-sovereignty provides a useful framework for making sense of tensions within Nietzsche’s thought, Nietzsche’s post-moral theory of agency and responsibility brings forward tensions, provocations, and paradoxes that must be engaged by theorists of non-sovereignty.
Implications of peritoneal cancer index distribution on patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Authors: Wong Jolene Si Min , Tan Grace Hwei Ching , Cheok Sabrina Hui Xian , Ong Chin-Ann Johnny , Chia Claramae Shulyn , Teo Melissa Ching Ching
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Peritoneal cancer index (PCI) score is a common prognostication tool in peritoneal metastases (PM). We hypothesize that the distribution of PCI score and involvement of specific regions affects survival and morbidity outcomes.

Methods

Data was collected from a prospective database of patients who underwent CRS and HIPEC for PM at the National Cancer Centre Singapore. We evaluate the relationship between PCI, PCI distribution, and survival and morbidity outcomes.

Results

One hundred and fifty-two patients underwent CRS and HIPEC with a median PCI score of nine (range 0–31). Median overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) were 43 and 17 months, respectively. Region six (pelvis) was most commonly involved and had the highest frequency of heavy disease burden. Presence of PM in the lower abdomen, flanks, and small bowel were associated with poorer OS (p=0.01, 0.03, <0.001) and PFS (p=0.04, 0.02, <0.001). Involvement of porta hepatitis predicted poorer OS but not PFS (p=0.03). Involvement of the gastric antrum resulted in higher rates of postoperative complications.

Conclusions

The pattern of PCI distribution may be associated with varying survival and morbidity outcomes.
Atributos del liderazgo resiliente en las micro y pequeñas empresas hoteleras en Villaflores, Chiapas, México
Authors: Chávez Rodríguez María del Carmen , Sandoval Caraveo María del Carmen , Aguilar Morales Norma
Published: April 2022

La resiliencia se genera cuando el líder tiene capacidad de adaptarse a cambios perturbadores y capacidad de convertir las condiciones perjudiciales en ventajas de mejora hacia la fijación de los objetivos establecidos. Este trabajo es resultado de una investigación realizada sobre el liderazgo resiliente en dos empresas hoteleras (una micro y unapequeña) de Villaflores, Chiapas, México. El objetivo fue identificar las características del liderazgo resiliente y su apoyo a las micro y pequeñas empresas hoteleras de la localidad. La metodología adoptó un enfoque cualitativo, transversal, desarrollado con el método de estudio de caso múltiple. Es un trabajo que comprueba el liderazgo resiliente y sussubcategorías: física, social, mental, emocional y ética. Los resultados arrojan la presencia de características del liderazgo resiliente, predominando las resiliencias mental, física y social. Se tienen estas particularidades de manera innata y se propone su reconocimiento consciente para el desarrollo integral del líder resiliente.
An Icy Feud in Planetary Science
Authors: Ross Andrew J.
Published: April 2022

This article examines the fault lines upon which two scientists, Carl Sagan and Edward Teller, debated the nuclear winter hypothesis in the 1980s. It investigates how Sagan and Teller practiced science and understood its social value through their analyses of the nuclear winter idea. Crucially, this article identifies a planetary method to both scientists’ analyses that incorporated both environmental and social components of changes to Earth systems. I describe how Teller promoted “terraformational science,” which utilized a nationalist framework of scientific knowledge production and valued the use of military and corporate power to achieve technological superiority and environmental control. Likewise, I suggest that Sagan advocated for “transplanetary science,” which prioritized a global or civilizational framework of scientific knowledge production and emphasized the social significance of Earth’s environmental and cosmic context. I contend that the disparities between these conceptualizations of science guided Sagan’s advocacy of and and Teller’s criticism against the nuclear winter hypothesis. This approach to the history of the nuclear winter hypothesis emphasizes the ideological motivations for both scientists’ involvement in the debate and foregrounds their publicly facing writings as informative to the conclusions they drew and the solutions they sought in science. Finally, I describe the continuity of Sagan’s and Teller’s work in public policy debates between nuclear winter and global warming, showing how they framed issues, assessed risks, and proposed solutions in nearly identical terms for both planetary crises.
Initial treatment of myxedema coma using oral levothyroxine: a case report from Tanzania
Authors: Chamba Nyasatu G , Sadiq Abid M , Kyala Norman J , Mosha Joachim E , Muhina Ibrahim A , Said Fuad H , Shao Elichilia R
Published: April 2022

Myxedema coma is a severe complication of hypothyroidism, commonly affecting women over 60 years of age, causing slow, progressive multi-organ dysfunction, and mental deterioration. Due to improved diagnostics and treatment of hypothyroidism, myxedema coma has become uncommon. However, it is hardly reported in resource-limited settings. We present an elderly female with a history of total thyroidectomy due to multi-nodular goiter. She presented with features of heart failure, excessive weight gain, and cold sensation. Although the patient was on levothyroxine replacement therapy, her laboratory tests were suggestive of overt primary hypothyroidism. During the course of her hospitalization, she developed subcutaneous bleeding with frank hematuria. This led to an altered mental state and hypotension that were suggestive of myxedema coma. Stroke and pulmonary embolism were ruled out as potential differential diagnoses of her current state. She was treated with a high dose of oral levothyroxine followed by 150 μg of oral levothyroxine daily, which resulted in a favorable outcome despite being a fatal emergency. She was also treated with intravenous hydrocortisone and furosemide. Oral thyroid hormone replacement may be an effective option in those resource-limited settings where intravenous thyroid hormone replacement is not available. However, early diagnosis and treatment with an adequate dose of thyroid hormones are crucial to achieve a favorable outcome.

Learning points

Myxedema coma is an uncommon complication of hypothyroidism with a fatal outcome.

The diagnosis of myxedema coma is based on clinical suspicion, especially in patients with hypothyroidism and in the presence of precipitating factors. Although diagnostic and scoring criteria based on clinical, laboratory, and imaging features have been proposed, no consensus has been reached.

This article shows an alternative treatment option for myxedema coma using oral levothyroxine, which led to a favorable outcome.
Formal and semantic stratification and functional and stylistic differentiation in the early 21st century Ukrainian languag
Authors:   Institute of the Ukrainian Language of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Karpilovsʹka Ievheniia
Published: April 2022

This paper discusses the active trends in the Modern Ukrainian vocabulary and grammar development, i.e., formal-semantic stratification and functional-stylistic differentiation of their units. The authors reinterpret stratification as aspectualization structuring a certain concept active in a speaker’s mind to meet their new cognitive needs. It results in new language idioms, that is, grouping of language units of different levels of verbalization of the same concept, namely stratum. Differentiation is found in the creation of nominations of the same level of concept verbalization but with different pragmatic and stylistic potential designed for different language registers and communicative situations. A number of new and modified language idioms signals of an increase in cognitive and communicative power of language. The paper pays particular attention to the role of usual and occasional word-formation in the stratification of verbalizers of certain concepts and their functional and stylistic differentiation. The application of structural, functional, and pragmatic criteria of occasionality made it possible to identify the cause of the formation of transients between usual (normative) and occasional (non-normative) units. Occasionalism created according to active word-forming models is a resource for strengthening the cognitive and communicative power of language, stratification, and differentiation of its lexicon with the help of word-formation methods and means. The dynamics in the system of Modern Ukrainian verbs is marked by the formation of new functional and stylistic idioms. Intensified globalization processes contribute to the elimination of some meanings of a verb and the expansion of the sphere of functioning of other meanings of the verb. Keywords: stratification, differentiation, cognitive power of language, communicative power of language, language idiom
Scientific terminology: Issues, the search, and prospects
Authors:   Institute of the Ukrainian Language of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kazymyrova Iryna , Khalinovs′ka Liudmyla ,   Institute of the Ukrainian Language of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Iatsenko Nina ,   Institute of the Ukrainian Language of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: April 2022

This article analyzes the direction of the Department of Scientific Terminology of the Institute of the Ukrainian Language of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine within the last 30 years. It reviews theoretical studies in systemic-structural terminology, the methodological dominant in scientific terminology for a long period. In particular, the authors focus on onomasiological, semasiological, and historical-genetic studies presented in monographs. The paper highlights cross-paradigmatic research done on the intersection of structural and functional branches of terminological studies. An excursus marks the scientific research areas in cognitive/epistemological terminology and shows the peculiarities of the applied branch in the field of terminography alongside background information and didactic work. There are different types of terminological dictionaries compiled and edited in the Department for various purposes. During 1991–2021, explanatory, translational, and nongraphic dictionaries were created in the Department. An important aspect of the applied terminology is writing references and educational books. It is emphasized that the previous terminological studies’ vector correlates with the vector of modern researches accomplished by the specialists of the Institute of the Ukrainian Language. Keywords: scientific terminology, systemic-structural terminology, cross-paradigmatic and structural-functional terminology, cognitive/epistemological terminology, translation, explanatory and nongra phicterminography
Age-Dependent Responsiveness to Smoke Alarm Signals Among Children
Authors: Smith Gary A. , Kistamgari Sandhya , Splaingard Mark
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVES

Although it has been established that smoke alarms have more difficulty awakening children from sleep than adults, no attempt has been previously made to characterize how smoke alarm responsiveness changes with age during childhood. The objective of this study is to evaluate the age-dependent responsiveness to various smoke alarm signals among children 5 to 12 years old.

METHODS

The effect of age on children’s response to 4 types of smoke alarms (human voice, hybrid voice-tone, low-frequency tone, and high-frequency tone) was evaluated using combined data from 3 previous studies.

RESULTS

There were 540 subjects (median age 9 years; 51.7% male). The proportion of children who awakened demonstrated a statistically significant (P < .001) increase of 3.1% to 7.6% for each additional year of age between 5 and 12 years old for the 4 alarm types. Similarly, child age showed a statistically significant (P < .001) effect on the proportion who escaped for each of the 4 alarm types. The proportion of subjects who awakened or escaped did not differ significantly by sex for any of the alarm types. Median time-to-awaken and median time-to-escape decreased with increase in child age for all alarm types.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates the substantial influence of child age on the effectiveness of audible smoke alarms during childhood. Among 12-year-olds, only 56.3% escaped within 1 minute (and 67.6% within 2 minutes) to a high-frequency tone. However, a hybrid voice-low-frequency tone alarm is >96% effective at awakening and prompting escape within 1 minute among children 9 years and older.
Complex deformation history of the Keszthely Hills, Transdanubian Range, Hungary
Authors: Héja Gábor , Fodor László , Csillag Gábor , Ortner Hugo , Kövér Szilvia
Published: April 2022

We have investigated the deformation history of the Keszthely Hills (Transdanubian Range, W Hungary), which belongs to the uppermost slice of the Austroalpine nappe system. This Upper Triassic to Upper Miocene sedimentary rock sequence documented the deformation of the upper crust during repeated rifting and inversion events. We investigated the structural pattern and stress field evolution of this multistage deformation history by structural data collection and evaluation from surface outcrops. Regarding the Mesozoic deformations, we present additional arguments for pre-orogenic (Triassic and Jurassic) extension (D1 and D2 phases), which is mainly characterized by NE–SW extensional structures, such as syn-sedimentary faults, slump-folds, and pre-tilt conjugate normal fault pairs. NW–SE-striking map-scale normal faults were also connected to these phases.

The inversion of these pre-orogenic structures took place during the middle part of the Cretaceous; however, minor contractional deformation possibly reoccurred until the Early Miocene (D3 to D5 phases). The related meso- and map-scale structures are gentle to open folds, thrusts and strike-slip faults. We measured various orientations, which were classified into three stress states or fields on the basis of structural criteria, such as tilt-test, and/or superimposed striae on the same fault planes. For this multi-directional shortening we presented three different scenarios. Our preferred suggestion would be the oblique inversion of pre-orogenic faults, which highly influenced the orientation of compressional structures, and resulted in an inhomogeneous stress field with local stress states in the vicinity of inherited older structures.

The measured post-orogenic extensional structures are related to a new extensional event, the opening of the Pannonian Basin during the Miocene. We classified these structures into the following groups: immediate pre-rift phase with NE–SW extension (D6), syn-rift phase with E–W extension (D7a) and N–S transpression (D7b), and post-rift phase with NNW–SSE extension (D8).
Detection of unbalance defect by the vibration analysis technique
Authors: Benbouaza Abdelkader , Benbouaza Abderrazek
Published: April 2022

The main advantage of condition monitoring by analyzing vibrations on rotating machines is the possibility of detecting faults before a failure occurs leading to the unplanned stoppage of a machine.

The unbalance defect is the most common and most frequently encountered cause of vibration, it is also one of the main causes of reduction in the life of machines and it constitutes one of the main risks for Security.

This paper is devoted to the experimental study of the two types of unbalance defects, their different vibratory signatures and how to differentiate their vibratory behavior from other mechanical faults which manifests itself by the presence of a peak at the rotational frequency in the case of combined faults.
Las plataformas digitales y los impactos en los trabajos contingentes de la economía de conciertos
Authors: Tabares-Ocampo Luisa María , Rosero-González Sergio , Arellano-Guerrero Alexandra Eugenia
Published: April 2022

El documento discute las diferentes modalidades de empleo que se originan con la aparición de las plataformas digitales. En estas, existe la tendencia hacia la flexibilidad laboral, tanto para el contratado como para el contrante que podría dinamizar los empleos al permitir que la gente pueda acceder a mayor número de trabajos. Sin embargo, con esta flexibilidad y con estas modalidades se puede generar un resultado indeseado, especialmente para la fuerza de trabajo. Se trata de la precarización laboral. En tal sentido, para la elaboración del documento se efectuó una revisión documental de los temas de tendencia sobre este tema. Se concluyó que existe una necesidad para legislar o reglamentar tanto las plataformas como la interacción que generar y así evitar estas problemáticas.
Modelo de simulación discreta para evaluar políticas de inventario en un restaurante especializado
Authors: Ceballos Yony Fernando , Penagos-Arroyave Sebastían , García-García Verónica Vanessa , Munera-Pulgarín Melissa
Published: April 2022

El uso de la simulación permite a una compañía el entendimiento de sus procesos y, mediante la modelación de sus problemas encontrar soluciones que se ajusten a sus necesidades y que les permita tomar medidas correctivas para que sus procesos sean ejecutados de forma adecuada. Por tal razón, se emplea la simulación discreta como herramienta para entender el proceso de producción de alimentos de una microempresa de la ciudad, en la cual se tiene como misión satisfacer a sus clientes con el mejor pollo asado, apanado y los mejores productos preparados de la región. Este proyecto se centrará en identificar las posibles fallas en su proceso y en evaluar soluciones que se ajusten a los recursos de la empresa y que generen buenos resultados financieros. Para el desarrollo de este trabajo se estudiará el proceso de asar y apanar pollos (debido a que son principales productos de venta). Además, su propósito es evaluar la capacidad de inventario, es decir, identificar si existe exceso de inventario, o por el contrario escasez que este generando pérdidas o sobrecostos en la empresa y desde ahí, estar en la posición de tomar medidas correctivas.
Studying informativity of specific IgE levels to whole cow milk allergen and its components, as well as to soy and gluten in children
Authors: Kovyazina N. A. , Alkhutova N. A. , Kamaev A. V. , Trusova O. V. , Zhizhina O. L. , Egorova M. O.
Published: April 2022

Successive development of immunological tolerance to cow’s milk proteins largely depends on the timeliness and validity of the elimination diet and is most difficult in IgE-mediated food allergy. From 2012 to 2017, when examining children aged 3 months to 10 years, we found some cases with high levels of specific IgE to beta-lactoglobulin that exceeded the levels of specific IgE to the whole cow’s milk allergen (the latter is often used as a screening allergen). The aim of this study was to assess the informativity of studying the levels of specific IgE to the whole cow’s milk allergens in blood serum of children at early, preschool and primary school age. We have also included gluten (gluten) and soy as possible components of early childhood nutrition into the list of allergens under study. The study involved 100 children aged 9 months to 12 years. Clinical selection criteria included presence of anamnestic data on exacerbation of atopic dermatitis, urticaria, exacerbation of rhinitis/asthma, diarrhea, constipation or abdominal pain in response to usage of cow’s milk and/or dairy products during the last 6 months. It is shown that extended study of specific IgE levels to whole cow’s milk allergen, its components, as well as to soy and gluten, increases the accuracy of laboratory diagnostics and differential diagnosis of IgEmediated form of food allergy to cow’s milk proteins, compared with determination of serum IgE to whole cow’s milk as a screening test. A detailed study of specific IgE to milk components allowed to confirm the presence of IgE-mediated form of allergy to cow’s milk in 7% of the examined children with signs of food allergy, but in absence of specific IgE to whole cow’s milk allergen. We have also shown that in 29% of cases, the level of specific IgE to milk components was higher than those to whole cow’s milk allergen. The results of this study may be of practical importance, since the form of food allergy, as well as intensity and dynamics of reduction of production of specific IgE, are accepted criteria to forecast development of tolerance to cow’s milk proteins. In addition, identification of specific allergen (including soy bean allergen) that causes the most intense production of specific IgE, may be importance for administration of a reasonable elimination diet. The most significant allergens for diagnosis and differential diagnostics of allergy to cow’s milk in children, in addition to the “whole cow’s milk, f2” preparation, are the following allergens: “whey, f236”, “beta-lactoglobulin, f77” and “soy, f14”.
Systemic interleukin profile of elderly patients with cataract combined with senile asthenia syndrome
Authors: Fabrikantov O. L. , Osmanov R. E.
Published: April 2022

Immune disorders play an important role in development of age-related ophthalmic diseases (e.g., cataracts, age-related macular degeneration), as well as in geriatric conditions and, above all, in senile asthenia syndrome, the leading deficiency syndrome among people at their older age. However, the changes in systemic interleukins in patients with simultaneous presence of two age-associated conditions (cataract and senile asthenia syndrome) were only poorly studied. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the systemic interleukin profile in elderly patients affected by cataracts combined with senile asthenia syndrome of different severity. Patients and methods: The contents of interleukins in blood serum was analyzed in a clinical setting among patients aged 60 to 74 years for all the groups which manifested with isolated cataracts (n = 58), cataracts and senile preasthenia (n = 49), and cataracts and senile asthenia syndrome (n = 56). The diagnosis of senile asthenia syndrome was established in accordance with indexes of the phenotypic model by Fried L. et al., and cataracts, according to results of clinical ophthalmological examination. Determination of IL-1, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17 and IL-18 were performed by enzyme immunoassay followed by calculation of relative risk for each of the above interleukin, as generally accepted. Results: A statistically significant increase of IL-1, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13 levels, along with decrease in IL-4, IL-10 were shown in the patients presenting with combination of cataract and senile pre-asthenia, as compared with patients with only cataracts. Among the patients with cataracts and senile asthenia syndrome, the disorders were diagnosed for a large number of interleukins, with increased levels of IL-1, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-9, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IL-18, and decreased concentrations of IL-4, IL-10, in comparison with cases of isolated cataract, or cataract combined with senile preasthenia. Significant values of relative risk were revealed for cataract and senile preasthenia, i.e., for IL-1 (1.27), IL-1β (1.20), IL-4 (1.21), IL-6 (1.19), IL-8 (1.93), IL-10 (2.15) and IL-13 (1.23), and, in cases of cataracts and senile asthenia syndrome, for IL-1 (1.45), IL-1β (1.31), IL-4 (1.38), IL-6 (1.57), IL-8 (2.86), IL-10 (2.39), IL-13 (1.39), IL-17 ( 1.27). The results obtained point to marked changes in the mentioned systemic interleukins among the patients aged 60 to 74 years, and more pronounced association of these changes with cataract combined with senile asthenia syndrome, than with cataract and senile preasthenia.
Quantum chemical study of heterocyclic organic compounds on the corrosion inhibition
Authors: Mamand Dyari Mustafa , Awla Awat Hamad , Kak Anwer Twana Mohammed , Qadr Hiwa Mohammad
Published: April 2022

Corrosion damages all materials, necessitating replacement and inspection related expenses. Thus, the demand has increased for new corrosion inhibitor materials. The ratios of corrosion inhibition of materials are different, but organic compounds have high efficiency in aqueous corrosion inhibition for various alloys and metals. This efficiency can increase in the presence of O, N and S. The molecule provides great inhibition with the presence of both S and N atoms in the same compound. This paper investigates the 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole molecule and electronic structure of several organic compounds such as R1 and R2 which consist of different substituent groups. They were united to the ring of 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole to provide nine different derivatives. Quantum computations (density functional theory, DFT) at 6-311G++ (d, p) basis set and Becke’s three parameters hybrid (B3LYP) level were performed using Gaussian program. The purpose of this study is to determine the chemical behaviour of several heterocyclic organic compounds and to understand the process of the corrosion inhibition.
Towards a Language Map of Southern Hispania: Onomastic Arguments
Authors:   University of Salamanca, García Alonso Juan Luis
Published: April 2022

Determining the languages spoken in the south of the Iberian Peninsula in antiquity, in pre-Roman times and during Romanization, is no easy task. Although we have an important corpus of indigenous inscriptions, the different writing systems identified have not been fully deciphered, which is especially true for the southern varieties of the complex Palaeohispanic family of scripts. This paper opens with a brief introduction to the different epigraphic areas of the southern Iberian Peninsula with a note to the special situation of the southwest, to offer an alternative look on the contours of “Tartessian” topographic layer. The author points out that the Tartessian label should be limited to a territory in a specific region of the central and lower Guadalquivir valley and that the region of southern Portugal (in the Algarve) where an important collection of about 100 large funerary stelae has been found, seems to be outside or at least on the periphery of the Tartessian world, even if these inscriptions are called “Tartessian” by many researchers. To date, there are different ways of interpreting the language(s) reflected in the southern epigraphic texts, especially those from the central and western regions of Andalusia and southern Portugal. The Iberian language inscriptions found in the southeast are comparatively better read and understood. The present paper seeks further arguments in the discussion of southern languages by analysing a set of onomastic elements (personal and place names) distributed over a wide region of the central and lower Guadalquivir valley and southern Portugal, attested in antiquity. Some conclusions are drawn as to what they may imply in terms of the linguistic map of the area, as well as in terms of the different linguistic strata during the centuries before the arrival of the Romans.
Cognitive and Discursive Peculiarities of the Place-Names Ekaterinburg and Chelyabinsk in the 19th Century British Media Discourse
Authors:   South Ural State University, Koshkarova Natalia N. , Sibirjakov Igor V. ,   South Ural State University, Solopova Olga A. ,   South Ural State University
Published: April 2022

The study explores the cognitive and discursive aspects of the place names Ekaterinburg and Chelyabinsk in the 19th century British media discourse (1800–1899). The focus on massmedia discourse is due to its double function: not only to reflect the world around, but also to form the public opinion. The research takes an interdisciplinary approach, incorporating a wide range of linguistic and historical methods such as definitional, source study, cognitive-matrix, discourse, comparative and chronological analyses. Automatic and manual searches were used to form the corpus of the study. The sources are British explanatory and encyclopedic dictionaries, geographic reference books, and the digitized archive of historical media texts — the British Newspaper Archive. The authors identify the variants of the place names spelling in modern English and in the 19th century British media discourse (1800–1899), reveal the components of place names’ cognitive matrix: political and economic peculiarities, territory, flora and culture (Chelyabinsk), political and economic peculiarities, territory, culture, flora, fauna, history, religion (Ekaterinburg), specify those extra-linguistic factors that determined the use of the Ural place names in British media discourse. The authors argue that economic, political factors, natural resources are the key for the media’s interest in Ekaterinburg. Compared to Ekaterinburg, the British interest in Chelyabinsk became more consistent only in the late 19th century and was mainly due to economic factors and the building of the Trans-Sib. The coverage of events related to Chelyabinsk and Ekaterinburg correlates with the general attitude to the Russian Empire in the 19th century British media discourse. The authors conclude that place names present a particularly valuable source of information regarding their use in a different linguistic and cultural environment.
Proper Names as a Source of Wordplay in Classroom Bilingual Speech
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Kunshchikova Marina О.
Published: April 2022

The article explores the use of proper names as a source of wordplay in the classroom bilingual interaction in English as a second language. It is noted that wordplay becomes a means of accommodation to the onomastic system of a foreign language when proper names trigger bilingual metalinguistic reflection. The author emphasizes that wordplay is a process of deliberate deviation from language norms in which the proper name is a standard language unit (‘normema’) that undergoes linguistic reinterpretation and turns into a non-standard language unit (‘igrema’) developing both formal and semantic changes. It is exactly the non-standard nature of onomastic units under study and the specificity of the material that explain the novelty of the present research. This paper aims to identify the reasons why proper names become a source of non-standard language units in the classroom bilingual speech. Two groups of such reasons are distinguished, namely, the features of the formal morphological structure of proper names and features of their lexical meaning. It appears that wordplay occurs in proper names that include a ‘transferable’ component, creating an associative metatextual reference in the bilingual mind. Proceeding from the fact that such components can be found on the phonemic, morphemic, or lexical level, the author describes three corresponding models of wordplay. It is noted that wordplay mostly involves proper names with a distinct social component that is also relevant in the community of native English speakers. These include personal and place names, names of organizations and products. For each type of proper names, the author suggests two types of the development of the semantic connection between a standard language unit and a non-standard language unit: the one that does not involve the internal form of a proper name and another one that is based on it.
Vigilância do câncer em Mato Grosso, Brasil: aspectos metodológicos e operacionais de um projeto de extensão/pesquisa
Authors: Galvão Noemi Dreyer , Souza Rita Adriana Gomes de , Souza Bárbara da Silva Nalin de , Melanda Francine Nesello , Andrade Amanda Cristina de Souza , Sousa Neuciani Ferreira da Silva , Correa Márcia Leopoldina Montanari , Silva Ageo Mario Candido da , Neves Marco Aurélio Bertúlio das , Oliveira Jânia Cristiane de Souza , Cabral Juliana Fernandes , Soares Mariana Rosa , Souza Paulo Cesar Fernandes de , Alves Mário Ribeiro , Barbosa Jackson Rogerio , Pignati Wanderlei Antonio
Published: April 2022

RESUMO: Objetivo: Descrever os aspectos metodológicos e operacionais do projeto “Vigilância do câncer e seus fatores associados: registro de base populacional e hospitalar” (VIGICAN), em Mato Grosso (MT). Métodos: O VIGICAN desdobrou-se em dois projetos: um de extensão, que atualizou os dados dos Registros de Câncer de Base Populacional (RCBP) de Mato Grosso no período de 2008 a 2016; e um de pesquisa, que coletou dados primários por meio de entrevistas individuais e análise de prontuários de pessoas com diagnóstico de câncer, com 18 anos ou mais, atendidas em hospitais de referência para oncologia. Para analisar os fatores associados ao câncer, foram coletadas as seguintes variáveis: socioeconômicas e demográficas, suporte social, situação e comportamentos de saúde e exposição ambiental. Resultados: No período de 2008 a 2016, foram notificados nos RCBP Cuiabá e Interior, aproximadamente, 100 mil casos de câncer (incidentes e prevalentes). Após os procedimentos de validação, foram eleitos 50 mil casos incidentes. A pesquisa entrevistou 1.012 pacientes, sendo 38,2% residentes nos municípios de Cuiabá e Várzea Grande, 60,4% no interior do Estado e 1,4% em outros Estados. Os dados preliminares revelaram que a maioria era do sexo feminino (55,0%) e tinha menos de 60 anos (54,3%). Entre os entrevistados, 7,2% relataram fumar tabaco, 15,5% consumiam bebidas alcoólicas (15,5%) e 32,7% moravam próximo a lavouras. Conclusão: O desenvolvimento desses projetos permitiu a integração do ensino com os serviços de saúde e possibilitará o reconhecimento das especificidades e dos diferentes cenários de exposição ao câncer, bem como fatores associados a ele, no território mato-grossense.
Tendência da incompletude dos registros de óbitos por câncer do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade em Mato Grosso, Brasil, 2000 a 2016
Authors: Souza Bárbara da Silva Nalin de , Lima Daniel Valentins de , Caló Romero dos Santos , Oliveira Jânia Cristiane de Souza , Andrade Amanda Cristina de Souza , Oliveira Ligia Regina de , Galvão Noemi Dreyer
Published: April 2022

RESUMO: Objetivo: Descrever a tendência da incompletude dos registros de óbitos por neoplasias do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) no estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, no período de 2000 a 2016. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, ecológico, do tipo série temporal, com dados referentes aos óbitos de residentes em Mato Grosso por neoplasias (códigos C00 a C97 da 10ª revisão da Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde — CID-10), provenientes do SIM. Para a avaliação da incompletude no preenchimento das variáveis raça/cor, escolaridade, estado civil, ocupação e causa básica do óbito, foi calculada a frequência relativa em percentual de valores nulos. Análises de tendência temporal do percentual de incompletude das variáveis de interesse e categorias foram realizadas por meio de regressão linear (p<0,05). Resultados: De 2000 a 2016, ocorreram 31.097 óbitos por neoplasias em residentes no estado de Mato Grosso. Raça/cor, estado civil e ocupação apresentaram tendência estável da incompletude; escolaridade e causa básica do óbito foram decrescentes. Nas categorias, tendência crescente foi observada para ignorado (estado civil) e aposentado (ocupação); tendência decrescente foi verificada para em branco (escolaridade), não identificado e dona de casa (ocupação) e C76-outra localização e mal definidas e C80-sem especificação de localização (causa básica do óbito). Incompletude da ocupação foi classificada como muito ruim, com destaque para dona de casa e aposentado. Para as demais variáveis e categorias, a classificação foi excelente ou bom. Conclusões: Embora a maior parte dos indicadores tenha apresentado tendência e classificação satisfatórias, as variáveis estado civil e ocupação destacaram-se por indicarem piora na qualidade dos registros.
Desenvolvimento socioeconômico e mortalidade por câncer colorretal em uma unidade federativa da Amazônia Legal, de 2005 a 2016
Authors: Caló Romero dos Santos , Souza Rita Adriana Gomes de , Alves Mario Ribeiro , Carvalho Alessandra Emidio de , Galvão Noemi Dreyer
Published: April 2022

RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar a correlação entre as taxas de mortalidade por câncer colorretal (CCR) e os fatores socioeconômicos nas cinco mesorregiões (norte, nordeste, sudeste, sudoeste e centro-sul) do estado de Mato Grosso, de 2005 a 2016. Métodos: Estudo ecológico que considerou os óbitos por CCR (C18 a C21) de residentes do estado. As taxas de mortalidade foram padronizadas pelo método direto, utilizando-se a população padrão mundial. Para a análise dos fatores socioeconômicos, foram usados o Índice Firjan de Desenvolvimento Municipal Geral (IFDM) e seus componentes (educação; renda e emprego; saúde). Foram testadas as médias das taxas de mortalidade e dos fatores socioeconômicos entre as mesorregiões por meio da análise de variância (ANOVA), e empregou-se o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson para análise da correlação entre as taxas de mortalidade por CCR e esses fatores. Resultados: No período de 2005 a 2016, foram registrados 1.492 óbitos por CCR no estado de Mato Grosso. A mesorregião com a maior média tanto da taxa bruta quanto da taxa padronizada de mortalidade por CCR foi a sudoeste (3,47 e 3,86 óbitos/100 mil habitantes). Houve correlação significante entre as taxas de mortalidade por CCR com os seguintes indicadores: IFDM geral para as mesorregiões norte, sudeste e centro-sul; educação para as mesorregiões norte e sudeste; renda e emprego para as mesorregiões norte e centro-sul; e saúde para as mesorregiões norte, sudeste e centro-sul. Conclusão: Houve correlação da taxa de mortalidade de CCR com melhor desenvolvimento socioeconômico no estado.
Incidência, mortalidade e sobrevida do câncer de próstata em dois municípios com alto índice de desenvolvimento humano de Mato Grosso, Brasil
Authors: Evangelista Flávio de Macêdo , Melanda Francine Nesello , Modesto Viviane Cardozo , Soares Mariana Rosa , Neves Marco Aurélio Bertúlio das , Souza Bárbara da Silva Nalin de , Sousa Neuciani Ferreira da Silva e , Galvão Noemi Dreyer , Andrade Amanda Cristina de Souza
Published: April 2022

RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar a incidência, a mortalidade e a sobrevida por câncer de próstata em Cuiabá e Várzea Grande, no período de 2000 a 2016. Métodos: Foram utilizados os dados do Registro de Câncer de Base Populacional e do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Para a análise de tendência da incidência e mortalidade, foi utilizada a regressão por Joinpoint segundo faixa etária. Para estimar a probabilidade de sobrevivência foi utilizado o método de Kaplan-Meier e, para avaliar a associação com a faixa etária, foi estimado o hazard ratio (HR). Resultados: De 2000 a 2016, registraram-se 3.671 casos novos e 892 óbitos por câncer de próstata. A média das taxas no período (100.000 habitantes) foi de 87,96 para incidência e 20,22 para mortalidade. Verificou-se tendência decrescente da taxa de incidência para todas as idades de 2006 a 2016 (variação percentual anual — APC=-3,2%) e para homens com 80 anos ou mais de 2000 a 2016 (APC=-3,0%), bem como tendência crescente da taxa de mortalidade nos homens de 60–69 anos de 2000 a 2009 (APC=3,2%). A probabilidade de sobrevida específica em cinco anos foi de 79,6% (intervalo de confiança — IC95%: 77,2; 81,9) e diminuiu com o aumento da faixa etária (HR=2,43; IC95%: 1,5; 3,9 para aqueles de 70 a 79 anos e HR= 7,20; IC95%: 4,5;11,5 para aqueles de 80 anos ou mais). Conclusão: A taxa de incidência de câncer de próstata apresentou tendência de decréscimo a partir de 2006 para todas as idades, a taxa de mortalidade foi estável no período e o pior prognóstico foi observado em homens com 70 anos ou mais.