bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combining high-resolution tessellations and detailed transport networks for accessibility analysis in large areas: indicators of human pressure on coastal areas
Authors: Moya-Gómez Borja , Ojeda-Zújar José , García-Palomares Juan Carlos , Pérez-Alcántara Juan Pedro , Gutiérrez Puebla Javier , Sánchez-Rodríguez Esperanza
Published: July 2024

Human pressure on coastal areas poses a serious threat to their conservation. This pressure can be measured using accessibility indicators. However, a detailed accessibility analysis, with highly spatially disaggregated information and complex transport networks, requires millions of optimal routes to be obtained. To reduce processing times, this paper uses the centroid of a regular tessellation representing trip origins (square tiles with population and average income) and a layer of points associated with the coastline to represent destinations. Route calculations between all origins and all destinations are performed once, and then, depending on the objective of the study (accessibility to ports, beaches, lighthouses, or other points of interest), optimal route selections to the corresponding destination type can be made. The study results show the different degrees of human pressure on Andalusian beaches using different accessibility indicators.
Field-testing multiple-choice questions with AI examinees: English grammar items
Authors: Maeda Hotaka
Published: July 2024

Field-testing is a necessary but resource-intensive step in the development of high-quality educational assessments. I present an innovative method for field-testing newly written exam items by replacing human examinees with artificially intelligent (AI) examinees. The proposed approach is demonstrated using 466 four-option multiple-choice English grammar questions. Pre-trained transformer language models are fine-tuned based on the 2-parameter logistic (2PL) item response model to respond like human test-takers. Each AI examinee is associated with a latent ability θ, and the item text is used to predict response selection probabilities for each of the four response options. For the best modeling approach identified, the overall correlation between the true and predicted 2PL correct response probabilities was .82 (bias = 0.00, root-mean-squared-error = 0.18). The simulation study results were promising, showing that item response data generated from AI can be used to calculate item proportion correct, item discrimination, conduct item calibration with anchors, distractor analysis, dimensionality analysis, and latent trait scoring. However, the proposed approach still fell short of the accuracy of analyses that can be achieved with human examinee response data. If further refined, potential resource savings in transition from human to AI field-testing could be enormous. AI could shorten the field-testing timeline, prevent examinees from seeing low quality field-test items in real exams, shorten test lengths, eliminate test security, item exposure, and sample size concerns, reduce overall cost, and help expand the item bank. Example Python code from this study is available on Github: https://github.com/hotakamaeda/ai_field_testing1
Research on the Impact of Agricultural Socialization Services on Agricultural Economic Resilience: Evidence from China
Authors: gong hao , liu jianhai , ding guohan , wang zhenhong
Published: July 2024

Based on the panel data of 280 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2021, the article uses the entropy value method to construct the index system of agricultural socialization services and agricultural economic resilience. It empirically analyses the impact of agricultural socialization services on agricultural economic resilience and the mechanism of its effect using the spatial Durbin and mediation. It is found that agricultural socialization services have a significant contribution to the enhancement of agricultural economic resilience, and the contribution of agricultural socialization services to agricultural economic resilience has a spatial spillover effect, which is still valid after a series of robustness tests. The impact of agricultural socialization services on agricultural economic resilience has regional heterogeneity, intensity heterogeneity, and dimensional heterogeneity, which is specifically manifested in the more substantial effect of the impact on the central region and the high agricultural economic resilience intensity region, and the better effect of the role of the agricultural economy in restoring the regulatory capacity. Mechanism analysis shows that agricultural industry agglomeration is an essential channel for agricultural socialization services to enhance agricultural economic resilience. Based on the study, countermeasure suggestions are put forward to strengthen the service level of agricultural modernization and improve the quality of agricultural digital services; to enhance the construction of agricultural essential services and improve the level of agricultural socialized services; and to consolidate and enhance the regional industrial clusters to promote the development of agricultural modernization.
Genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of bovine mastitis-associated non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci (NASM) strains from India
Authors: Ramesh Vishnukumar , Sivakumar Ramamoorthy , Annamanedi Madhavi , Chandrapriya S. , Isloor Shrikrishna , Jeyaprakash Rajendhran , Hegde Nagendra R
Published: July 2024

Bovine mastitis is a significant issue causing severe economic losses in the global dairy industry, affecting animal well-being and production. Non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci (NASM) are the predominant group of pathogens responsible for mastitis in dairy cattle. Understanding the prevalence of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance among these pathogens is essential to unravel the molecular epidemiology of mastitis, and it is best accomplished through whole-genome sequencing (WGS). In this study, we describe the WGS and comparative genomic analysis of 22 mastitis-associated NASM strains isolated from India. The mean genome size of the strains was 2.55 Mbp, with an average GC content of 32.2%. We identified 14 different sequence types (STs) among the 22 NASM strains. Of these, ST1 and ST6 of S. chromogenes were exclusively associated with bovine mastitis. Genome-wide SNP-based minimum spanning tree revealed the intricate phylogenetic relationships among NASM strains from India, categorizing them into five major clades. Interestingly, mastitis-associated strains formed separate subclades in all the NASM species studied, indicating distinct host-specific co-evolution. The study identified 32 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and 53 virulence-associated genes, providing insights into the genetic factors which could potentially contribute to the pathogenicity of NASM species. Some virulence and AMR genes were found in the predicted genomic islands, suggesting possible horizontal transfer events.
Sustainability trade-offs across modeled floating-solar waterscapes
Authors: Gallaher Adam , Kalies Elizabeth , Grodsky Steven
Published: July 2024

Expansion of floating photovoltaic (FPV) solar energy on water could provide a low-conflict renewable energy option to help mitigate climate change while sparing land, but potential sustainability trade-offs of FPV siting have not been quantified. We compared technical potential of maximum, utility-scale (≥1 MW) FPV deployment to address the climate crisis with FPV buildout scenarios that prioritize biodiversity and social benefit across a waterscape. Maximum FPV buildout in the northeastern United States could provide nearly a quarter of regional solar energy generation and offset all the land needed for utility-scale, terrestrial solar by 2050, but trade-offs, including maintenance of freshwater biodiversity in lakes and ponds and social values, exist. Avoidance of socioenvironmental interactions yields an FPV-energy generation potential equal to a 5% increase in regional solar energy generation, but possibilities for co-location make this a conservative estimate. Consideration of trade-offs can guide siting of FPV to achieve multiple sustainability goals.
WDR45-related encephalopathy mimicking Leigh syndrome associated with complex I deficiency: a case report
Authors: Ardissone Anna , Ferrera Giulia , Derderian Kevork , Izzo Rossella , Gnutti Barbara , Legati Andrea , Zorzi Giovanna Simonetta , Lamantea Eleonora , Iuso Arcangela
Published: July 2024

Pathogenic WDR45 variants cause neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) including β-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration, characterized by developmental delay (DD), ataxia and extrapyramidal signs.
Our proband presented at 22 months with DD and now, aged 7, shows intellectual disability, ataxia and movement disorder. MRI is compatible with Leigh syndrome, a mitochondrial disorder (MD) phenotype, without evident brain iron accumulation. A reduction of respiratory chain complex I (cI) and complex II (cII) were found in muscle and fibroblasts, but a primary MD was excluded. Exome sequencing revealed a WDR45 pathogenic variant. Autophagy flux revealed a mildly reduced p62 response in fibroblasts.
Our report suggests, for the first time, a possible role of WDR45 in the assembly and enzymatic activity of cI and thus mitochondrial impairment as a potential pathophysiological BPAN mechanism.
We recommend considering WDR45-related NDDs in the differential diagnosis of early-onset neurodevelopmental disorders, especially Leigh-like encephalopathies with cI deficiency,even without brain iron accumulation.
A scoping review on the contribution of interprofessional collaborative practices on preventing and managing post-partum haemorrhage in the health care system
Authors: Zenani Nombulelo , Tulelo Patience Mashudu , Netshisaulu Khathu , Sepeng Nombulelo , Musie Maurine , Gundo Rodwell , Mulaudzi Fhumulani
Published: July 2024

Background
Post partum haemorrhage (PPH) is one of the complications that leads to increased morbidity and mortality management is interdependent on various healthcare professions acting according to promote safe and quality outcomes. This scoping review aims to explore and synthesise literature regarding the contribution of interprofessional collaboration practices in preventing and managing post-partum haemorrhage.
Design:
The review adopted a scoping review which is underpinned by a framework by Arksey and O’Malley that has five stages. Four databases were searched for sources: CINHAL, Scopus, PubMed, and Medline. Only English full-text written articles, across various research designs published between 2000–2024, were part of the inclusion criteria for the review.
Results
The review has shown that effective interprofessional collaboration has the potential of ensuring prompt diagnosis and management of PPH where the results ensure positive patient and team dynamics outcomes. Moreover, interprofessional collaboration in managing PPH safeguards good use of resource utilisation and team synergy where the is awareness of each healthcare professional roles, mutual trust and respect and shared leadership.
Conclusion
Preventing post-partum haemorrhage depends on high effective interprofessional collaboration. As a means of promoting safe healthcare delivery when PPH emergency occur, interprofessional collaboration practices is encouraged to be strengthened through various measures. Either through interprofessional collaboration quality improvement initiatives or interprofessional situ simulation training.
Sacubitril/valsartan attenuated myocardial inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis and promoted autophagy in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity mice via regulating the AMPKα-mTORC1 signaling pathway
Authors: Hu Feng , Yan Senbo , Li Lin , Qiu Xiaoxia , Lin Xinghe , Wang Weiwei
Published: July 2024

Background This study aimed to investigate the potential cardio-protective effects of sacubitril/valsartan (Sac/Val) in mice with doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiomyopathy, a common manifestation of cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) associated with DOX. Methods A total of 24 mice were equally classified into 4 groups; control group, DOX (total 24 mg/kg), Sac/Val (80 mg/kg), and Sac/Val + DOX (Sac/Val was given from seven day before doxorubicin administration). Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes was exposed to 5 µM of DOX for 6 hin vitroto mimic thein vivoconditions. A variety of techniques were used to investigate cardiac inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy, including western blot, real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), immunohistochemistry, and fluorescence. Results Mice with Dox-induced cardiotoxicity displayed impaired systolic and diastolic function, characterized by elevated levels of cardiac inflammation, fibrosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis, and autophagy inhibition in the heart. Treatment with Sac/Val partially reversed these effects. In comparison to the control group, the protein expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, Collagen I, bax, cleaved caspase-3, and P62 were significantly increased, while the protein expression of bcl-2 and LC3-II were significantly decreased in the myocardial tissues of the Dox-induced cardiomyopathy group. The administration of Sac/Val demonstrated the potential to partially reverse alterations in protein expression within the myocardium of mice with Dox-induced cardiotoxicity by modulating the AMPKα-mTORC1 signaling pathway and suppressing oxidative stress. Additionally, Sac/Val treatment may mitigate Dox-induced apoptosis and inhibition of autophagy in primary cardiomyocytes. Conclusion Sac/Val seems to be cardio-protective against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity in pretreatment mice model. These findings could be attributed to the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and de-autophagy effects of Sac/Val through regulation of the AMPKα-mTORC1 signaling pathway.
Friction welding of 42CrMo medium carbon steel and 36Mn2V alloy steel: Effects of forging pressure and post-weld heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties
Authors: Lu Tian , Li Wenya , Wang Chuanliu , Tian Dongzhuang
Published: July 2024

42CrMo medium carbon steel and 36Mn2V alloy steel were successfully jointed using continuous drive friction welding. The effects of forging pressure and post-weld heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of joints were investigated in detail. Results reveal that with increasing the forging pressure, the tensile and yield strength increase firstly and then decrease. The as-welded joint with the highest yield strength (708 MPa), largest elongation (14.2%), and high impact toughness (57.24 J) were obtained with the 35MPa forging pressure. After post-weld heat treatment, the joint yield strength, elongation, and impact toughness were increased to 798 MPa, 18.1%, and 71.02 J, respectively. The microhardness measurement results indicate that the as-welded joints show higher Vicker hardness than the two base metals. After post-weld heat treatment, the microhardness was decreased owing to martensite elimination. The above findings provide a basis for the implementation of friction welding of dissimilar steels used for drills in the coal-mining industry.
Microbial community structure and metabolic characteristics in the five different hadal trenches
Authors: Jing Hongmei , Liu Hao , Xiao Yao , Wu Ziying , Li Xuegong
Published: July 2024

Microbial community growth efficiency, the ratio of production to substrate assimilated, could provide insights into carbon flow among microbes and the regulation of marine biogeochemical cycles. However, by far microbial metabolic characters were largely undetermined in the deep hadal trench. Here, the structural and metabolism characteristics of microbial communities in five different trenches were investigated using Illumina high-throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR, as well as incubation with the 3H-leucine incorporation method and electron transport system. The community structure and diversity in the trenches located in different hemispheres were significantly different, with significantly higher of diversity and gene abundance appear in the northern and southern hemispheres, respectively. Depth, TOC and TP were identified as key factors. Cooperative relationship existed among different microbial groups as demonstrated by the co-occurrence network and Pearson correlation analysis. The respiration rates were significantly higher in the northern hemisphere than those in the southern hemisphere under atmospheric pressure. The prokaryotic growth efficiencies (PGE) were significantly higher under atmospheric pressure than under high hydrostatic pressure, this negative effect possibly because carbon flow was more inclined to maintain respiration under high hydrostatic pressure. This study represented the first comprehensive investigation of the microbial community structure and metabolic characteristics of sediments in different trenches, providing a preliminary insight into the processes and efficiency of microbial-driven carbon cycles in the deep biosphere.
Numerical simulation of optimum groyne arrangement for preventing bank erosion (Case study of Ghezel-Ozan River)
Authors: Chabokpour Jafar
Published: July 2024

This paper will discuss the optimum groyne configuration for preventing bank erosion alongside the Ghezel-Ozan River in Iran through advanced numerical simulations. The research used FLOW3D software to investigate the effects of spacing, lengths, the number, and the orientation of groins on flow patterns and erosion potential. In this regard, some key hydrodynamic parameters, such as Turbulent Kinetic Energy, Overall Flow Velocity, and Froude Number, are analyzed to quantify the efficacy of various groyne arrangements. The study area, belonging to the Eshtibin region of East Azarbaijan Province, is a 3-kilometer segment of the river, with a design flood discharge of 1435 m3/s for a 25-year return period. Coupled with detailed mesh (with 800,000 elements) and bathymetric data, this numerical model is to be used to represent as exactly as possible the morphology of the river. In this study, there are four groyne placement scenarios, showing the effect of number of groynes (4 or 7 units), spacing intervals (2.8 and 3.6 times the groyne length), and angular orientation (perpendicular and 30 degrees downstream). The results indicate that, upon the introduction of groynes, there are prominent changes in flow patterns and velocity distributions; therefore, this offers an avenue for erosion control. The study reveals that the optimal groyne configuration is dependent on site-specific conditions and design objectives, such as 4 number of groynes with 30 degrees orientation, stating tailored approaches are very important in river management strategies.
Impact of naso-jejunal tube enteral nutrition support on clinical outcomes and prognosis in patients with severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Chen Maojian , Yu Guopan , Chen Ju , Mei Mingqiang
Published: July 2024

The aim was to investigate the effects of enteral nutrition support by naso-jejunal tube on the duration of hospitalization, infection, cost, and clinical prognosis in patients with SAP. Patients were allocated into the treatment group, receiving naso-jejunal tube feeding, or the control group that underwent total parenteral nutrition therapy. Naso-jejunal tube enteral nutrition support started within 48 hours of hospital admission. We compared differences in general clinical data before admission, including primary outcomes and secondary outcomes after treatment. A total of 332 patients with SAP were enrolled and general clinical data, such as age, sex, and etiology, were similar in both groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the time to disappear of abdominal pain and distension, fever, nausea and vomiting, peritoneal irritation signs were significantly shorter in the treated group. Furthermore, the mean hospitalization time, and the mean hospitalization and drug costs were significantly lower. Compared with the pretreatment period, the MOS item short from health survey (SF-36) scale scores were significantly improved in both groups after treatment (P < 0.001), but the SF-36 scale scores of patients in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group. Incidence of pancreatic necrotic infection and local complications, including pneumonia, bacteremia, and cholangitis was significantly lower compared to the control group. MOF and death in the treated group were also significantly lower. naso-jejunal tube enteral nutrition support can improve the nutritional status and quality of life of patients with SAP, and avoid the waste of medical resources.
Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation: β-Sitosterol Inhibits Cytokine Storm by Inducing Autophagy
Authors: Li Yue , Xu Jingyi , Li Hong , Xiao Xi , Yang Xi , Yi Cheng , Huang Ying
Published: July 2024

β-Sitosterol, a prominent phytosterol abundant in Chinese medicinal plants like Hemerocallis and Astragalus, possesses diverse beneficial properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-oxidative effects. Despite these recognized benefits, its precise anti-inflammatory mechanism remains elusive. In our investigation, we explored β-Sitosterol's impact on immune responses. In vitro experiments utilizing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages demonstrated significant suppression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production alongside reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, indicating its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent. Transitioning to in vivo experiments, β-Sitosterol effectively attenuated cytokine storm (CS), characterized by pulmonary inflammatory infiltration and elevated IL-6, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and TNF-α levels. Autophagy, a pivotal cellular process in anti-inflammatory responses, emerged as a potential mediator of β-Sitosterol's action, as indicated by network pharmacology analyses. Molecular investigations revealed that β-Sitosterol promoted autophagic activity by enhancing the conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 I (LC3I) to LC3II and facilitating p62 degradation. Notably, inhibition of autophagy reversed β-Sitosterol's anti-inflammatory effects, highlighting its dependence on this process. Furthermore, molecular docking studies unveiled stable binding between β-Sitosterol and the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), suggesting its potential modulation of CS through IGF1R. In summary, β-Sitosterol could exert anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting IGF1R activity and enhancing autophagy, offering insights into its therapeutic potential and paving the way for novel disease-targeting formulations.
Blood Pressure Measurement Technique in Clinical Practice
Authors: Delles Christian , Setjiadi Dellaneira , Geddes Colin
Published: July 2024

Blood pressure (BP) measurement is a common procedure conducted in various disciplines and widely available on clinical reports. The diagnosis and management of hypertension requires reliable measurement of BP in outpatient clinics. Published studies suggest the standardised method for BP measurement is difficult to apply in routine clinical practice.
This study aimed to assess the current practice of BP measurement in outpatient clinics in relevant secondary care clinical specialties across the 15 separate hospital sites of the NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde region (population 1.2 million) compared to the recommended standardised method.
An online questionnaire was developed and disseminated to the supervising clinician of each of 268 regular outpatient clinics. The questionnaire focused on the standardised BP method (patient preparation, environment, and BP measurement technique).
The questionnaire was returned for 110 clinics. 73 (66.4%) of the participating clinics measure BP routinely and these formed the basis for further analysis. 3 clinics (4.1%) apply all components of the standardised BP method. 5 (6.9%) clinics deliver advice to patients prior to clinic attendance on how to prepare for BP measurement. 61 (83.6%) of participating clinics have a dedicated quiet environment for BP measurement. 50 (68.5%) clinics always place the cuff on bare upper arm and 63.0% use a cuff size appropriate to upper arm circumference.
In a wide range of secondary care out-patient clinic settings we found that BP measurement rarely adheres to the recommended standards. This has important implications for the quality of treatment decisions that are based on BP measurement.
Distribution of SCoT-Based Populations Depict Genotypic Diversity of Six Stevia Germlines in Egypt
Authors: Hashem Mai M. , Eissa Rafat A. , AbouEldahab AbdelRahman A. , ElDoliefy Ahmed ElFatih A.
Published: July 2024

The quick response (QR) codes produce unique patterns based on the black and white spots distribution. If germlines were ordered vertically in columns and alleles horizontally in rows, the presence (+ 1) and absence (0) of alleles could respectively be considered as the black and white spots. Consequently, the vertical and horizontal differential distribution of these black and white spots in a genotype can produce unique QR-like patterns (QRLP). The variation among these QRLP depends on the composition of alleles resembling the genetics embedded in the DNA. Accordingly, six stevia germlines were genotyped using 14 SCoT primers that generated 1320 allelic forms with 3.26% and 1.06% of uniquely positive and negative effects; respectively. Of the 1320 alleles (83.41% of polymorphs), 220 polymorphs encompassed 180–185 alleles representing the population size of effective interacting alleles (ne). The genetic diversity of SCoT was averaged across the observed number of alleles (Mean = 0.174; StDev = 0.44) and varied (Mean = 1.5; StDev = 0.35). Correspondingly, the Nei’s gene diversity (h) of observed heterozygosity (Mean = 0.27; StDev = 0.18) and the Shannon index (Mean = 0.41; StDev = 0.26) were different. Therefore, the gene/allele frequency that was discovered among the populations of SCoT loci varied (0.17, 0.33, 0.5, 0.67, 0.83, and 1). The dominant SCoT, in the current study, along with the unweighted pair-group of arithmetic average (UPGMA) analysis concluded four interacting ancestors configuring the genetics in the six stevia germlines. The study can be considered the first showing the SCoT marker as the best QRLP producer exclaiming the differential diversity despite the size of genotyped alleles.
A comparison of Chinese wild and cultivar soybean with European soybean collections on genetic diversity by Genome-Wide Scan
Authors: Xu Jiangyuan , Yao Xindong , Lu Yuqing , Leopold Rittler , Gu Yongzhe , Yuan Ming , Zhang Yong , Sun Rujian , Xue Yongguo , Liu Yeli , Han Dezhi , Wang Jinxing , Gao Huawei , Liu Zhangxiong , Qiu Lijuan
Published: July 2024

Although soybeans (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) originated in China and have spread worldwide, artificial selection for different breeding targets and methods in various regions can alter the genetic makeup of soybeans, enabling them to adapt to different environments. China has established a soybean germplasm gene bank that stores over 30,000 soybean germplasms from all over the world, but it contains few modern European varieties. The selective sweep analysis is an effective method for evaluating genetic diversity among populations and subpopulations. To compare the genetic diversity between Chinese and European germplasms, we genotyped 797 European varieties, 804 Chinese elite cultivars and landraces, and 54 Chinese wild varieties using the ZDX1 array, respectively. An analysis of 158,315 SNPs demonstrated a higher genetic diversity in Chinese wild soybeans and cultivars. Moreover, population structure findings indicated that European varieties possess partial Chinese ancestry. The joint analysis of pi, FST and XP-CLR identified 140 selected regions between Chinese and European germplasms in total. Specifically, the Chinese collection had 124 regions distributed across 15 chromosomes, while the European collection had 16 regions spread over 10 chromosomes. The QTLs identified within these selected regions highlight the significant differences in breeding targets across regions, providing a scientific basis for both Chinese and European breeders to utilize these germplasm resources.
An Efficient FLI-KDMSSA Framework for Computing Resource Allocation of IoV in Edge Computing
Authors: Hsieh Chao-Hsien , Xu Fengya , Yao Xinyu
Published: July 2024

The combination of Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) and Internet of Vehicles (IoV) can effectively improve the network performance. However, the mobility of vehicles and the diversity of tasks make the allocation of computing resources more complex. When the vehicle is in motion, its position can change at any time. This can result in overload of the edge servers. Meanwhile, vehicle tasks are sensitive to latency. It makes resource allocation within edge servers more difficult. In order to solve the above problems, this article proposes a FLI-KDMSSA framework for rational allocation of computing resources in the Internet of Vehicles. First, Fuzzy Logic Inference (FLI) algorithm is used in this framework to determine the computing nodes of IoV tasks in edge computing scenarios. This algorithm uses task length, edge server virtual machine utilization, and cloud bandwidth as parameters to establish fuzzy rules. Then, with the objective function of minimizing latency and load balancing values, this paper proposes a Discrete Multi-objective Sparrow Search Algorithm based on K-means (KDMSSA) to solve the virtual machine resource allocation scheme. The experiment is simulated on the iFogSim platform. To compare with PSO algorithm, the performance of KDMSSA is improved by 12.7%. To compare with SSA, the performance of KDMSSA is improved by 7.7%.
Social and Psychological Complexity Among Adolescents Living with HIV in Targeted Treatment Health Facilities in Kwara State, Nigeria – A Qualitative Study
Authors: Atibioke Oluyemi Peter , Oyasope Beatrice Tomisin , Ojomo Oluwaseun Ayoola
Published: July 2024

Background There is growing concern about the rising prevalence of HIV infection among adolescents and young people worldwide and the various challenges that accompany living with HIV among this population. This study investigated the social and psychological complexities of adolescents living with HIV in selected treatment health facilities in Kwara State, Nigeria. Methods Study adopted qualitative data collection method with six focus group discussions (FGDs) conducted across three health facilities, three sessions each for both males and females. Discussions were conducted in English and Yoruba languages, audio-recorded, transcribed, and translated into English. Content analysis was performed using MAXQDA Analytic Pro 2020. Results A total of 44 participants, comprising 24 males and 20 females aged 10 to 19, participated in the FGDs. More than ninety percent of the adolescents had not disclosed their HIV status to anyone beyond the health care providers, their parents/caregivers, and a few immediate family members. Keeping their HIV status private helped mitigate stigma and discrimination. Common immediate reactions to status disclosure to the adolescents included sadness, hopelessness, and bitterness. However, Operation Triple Zero program, which offered peer-to-peer learning and effective mental health services has been very effective and helpful. Also, sexual risk behavior is still high among sexually active adolescents despite their HIV-positive status. Conclusion Adolescents living with HIV face numerous social and psychological challenges, including sadness about their HIV-positive status. This exposes them to various mental health disorders. However, Operation Triple Zero has been acknowledged as the most effective platform for meeting their psychosocial needs.
Ensemble Learning with Feature Optimization for Credit Risk Assessment
Authors: Zeng Guanghui , Su Weixin , Hong Chaoqun
Published: July 2024

Credit risk assessment stands as a cornerstone in financial decision-making, with significant implications for economic stability and growth. This paper highlights the transformative advantages of credit big data over traditional methods, particularly in enhancing the creditworthiness evaluation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). We delineate the distinctive features of the big data financial innovation model across six economic dimensions, showcasing its potential to reshape financial practices. To address the inefficiencies of traditional expert-driven approaches, we introduce an innovative 'Feature Selector-classifier Optimization Framework' that streamlines the credit risk prediction process. This framework not only refines the accuracy and efficiency of predictions but also integrates seamlessly with economic analysis, offering a robust tool for financial decision-makers. Our ensemble classifier delivers remarkable performance, exemplified by its high accuracy and AUC scores across multiple datasets, thereby validating the framework's efficacy in enhancing predictive power while ensuring operational efficiency.
Validation of NADH Dehydrogenase 4L (ND4L) Primers Gene for Porcine Detection Using A SYBR Green Real-Time PCR Analysis on Commercial Processed Meat Products
Authors: Volkandari Slamet Diah , Jenie Siti Nurul Aisyiyah , Rohman Abdul , Ridwanuloh Asep Muhamad , Dewantoro Auraga , Cahyadi Muhammad , Erwanto Yuny
Published: July 2024

Porcine contamination in halal products is known to be found in commercial food markets in Indonesia. Detection methods are needed, one of which is Real-Time PCR with robust biomarkers in various types of processed food. In this study, we focused on designing a novel primer from NADH Dehydrogenase 4L (ND4L) gene that has never been explored as a porcine detection. Primers were assembled using GenBank NCBI (MK251046 Sus scrofa), and their efficacy (repeatability, sensitivity, and specificity) was evaluated. The capability primer performance was also compared with a commercial kit. Results showed that primer effectively amplified porcine DNA with a melting curve (Tm) of 78.17 ± 0.05oC and a Cq value of 11.95 ± 0.48 at a 20 ng/µL DNA concentration. CV values of Cq and Tm repeatability were 4,01 and 0.09%, respectively. The limit of detection primer reached 5 pg/µL DNA and 0.001% w/w binary meat mixture of pork-beef. This primer is highly specific to pig and wild boar species (against 30 species (non-pig). A comparative study on the ND4L primer with a commercial porcine detection kit (FAM label) revealed similar results in detecting porcine DNA in food products. ND4L primer successfully detected porcine DNA in 20 of 52 commercial meat products with various types of processing (according to their claims). Primer performed satisfactorily in all validation parameters with high sensitivity and specificity. Hence, this finding of the specific primers on the ND4L gene could be promising for detecting porcine DNA in food products.
Anastomotic leakage after resection for rectal cancer and recurrence-free survival in relation to postoperative C-reactive protein levels
Authors: Gerdin Anders , Park Jennifer , Häggström Jenny , Segelman Josefin , Matthiessen Peter , Lydrup Marie-Louise , Rutegård Martin
Published: July 2024

Background Anastomotic leakage following surgery for rectal cancer is associated with reduced overall survival and higher rates of recurrence. Some data suggest that an aggravated inflammatory response might lead to worse oncological outcomes, but few attempts have been made to investigate leakage and inflammation in conjunction.Methods This is a retrospective multicentre cohort study including patients operated with anterior resection for rectal cancer in Sweden during 2014–2018. Anastomotic leakage within 12 months was exposure and primary outcome was recurrence-free survival. Mediation analysis was performed to evaluate the potential effect of systemic inflammatory response, as measured by the highest postoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) level within 14 days of surgery. Confounders were chosen using a causal diagram, while multiple imputation was used to handle missing data.Results Some 1,036 patients were eligible for analysis, of whom 218 (21%) experienced an anastomotic leakage. At the end of follow-up at a median of 61 months after surgery, recurrence-free survival amounted to 82.6% and 77.8% in the group with and without leakage, respectively. The median highest postoperative CRP value after surgery was higher in the leakage group (219 mg/l), compared with the group without leakage (108 mg/l). Leakage did not lead to worse recurrence-free survival (HR 0.66; 95% CI: 0.43–0.94), and there was no apparent effect through postoperative highest CRP (HR 1.12; 95% CI: 0.93–1.29).Conclusions In conclusion, anastomotic leakage, with its accompanying CRP increase, was not found to be associated with recurrence-free survival after anterior resection for rectal cancer in this patient cohort. Larger, even more detailed studies are needed to further investigate this topic.
An experimental characterization of capillary driven flows in microgravity
Authors: Fiorini Domenico , Simonini Alessia , Steelant Johan , Seveno David , Mendez Miguel Alfonso
Published: July 2024

This work investigates the capillary rise dynamics of highly wetting liquids in a divergent U-tube in the microgravity conditions provided by 78th European Space Agency (ESA) parabolic flight. This configuration produces a capillary-driven channel flow. We use image recording in backlight illumination to characterize the interface dynamics and dynamic contact angle of HFE7200 and Di-Propylene Glycol (DPG). For the case of HF7200, we complement the interface measurements with Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) to characterize the velocity fields underneath the moving meniscus. In the experiments with DPG, the liquid column reaches different heights within various experiments, and the measurements show a sharp reduction of the meniscus curvature when the contact line moves from a pre-wet to a dry substrate. In experiments with HFE7200, the interface always moves on a pre-wet surface. Yet a curvature reduction is observed due to the inertial forces on the underlying accelerating flow. The PTV measurements show that the distance from the interface within which the velocity profile adapts to the meniscus velocity shortens as the interface acceleration increases.
Influence of Unhealthy Diet and Sedentary Behavior on the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of 12-Year-Old Adolescents
Authors: Cabral Jhenyffer Andrade Viana , Bomfim Rafael Aiello
Published: July 2024

This study analyzed the factors associated with the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) of 12-year-old adolescents and their relationship with unhealthy eating and sedentary behavior. Data were collected from 615 adolescents from the five largest cities in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The theoretical framework of the social determinants of oral health guided all analyses and the measurement instrument was OIDP (impact of oral health on daily performance). Multilevel logistic and negative binomial regressions were performed to test the association of OHRQOL with unhealthy eating, sedentary behavior, sociodemographic characteristics and health behaviours. Considering the sample weights, 43% of the adolescents reported some impact on OHRQOL. In the adjusted models, higher consumption of unhealthy foods (moderate and high) was associated with a prevalence of impact on OHRQOL [OR = 3.59 (95%CI 1.99; 6.46)] and higher OHRQOL severity [RR = 2.05 (95%CI 1.43; 2.94)] compared to their counterparts. Those who had sedentary behaviour were associated with the prevalence of impact on OHRQOL [OR = 1.52 (95%CI 1.22; 1.89)] and greater severity [RR = 1.21 (95%CI 1.07; 1.37)] compared to those who did not have sedentary behaviour. Unhealthy food consumption and sedentary behavior were associated with OHRQOL. Intersectoral health public policies for healthy eating and for reducing sedentary behavior on the internet and electronic games can help in the quality of life of adolescents.
Application of machine learning for detecting and tracking turbulent structures in plasma fusion devices using ultra-fast imaging
Authors: Chouchene Sarah , Brochard Frédéric , Desecures Mikaël , Lemoine Nicolas , Cavalier Jordan
Published: July 2024

This study explores the application of machine learning techniques for detecting and tracking plasma filaments around the boundary of magnetically confined tokamak plasmas. Plasma filaments, also called blobs, are responsible for enhanced turbulent transport across magnetic field lines, and their accurate characterization is crucial for optimizing the performance of magnetic fusion devices. We present a novel approach that combines machine learning methods applied to data obtained from ultra-fast cameras, including YOLO (You Only Look Once) for object detection, semantic segmentation, and specific tracking methods. This approach enables fast and accurate detection and tracking of filaments while overcoming the limitations of conventional methods, which are time-consuming and prone to human subjectivity. A significant advance in our study lies in the development of a method for automatically labeling a large batch of data, which greatly facilitates the training of supervised machine learning algorithms. Using these techniques, we obtained promising results demonstrating a significant improvement over conventional tracking methods, achieving a detection accuracy of up to 98.8 %, while reducing the inference time per frame by 15% to 31% compared to conventional Kalman filter tracking. These results open up new perspectives for investigating turbulent phenomena in tokamaks, and could have important implications for the development of controlled nuclear fusion.
Study on the mechanism of common differential genes between gingival fibroma and H1N1 infection in autophagy
Authors: Xu Mingxiang , Li Yinpeng , Wu Jie , Zhang Luwei , Wang Yang , Ye Lin , Li Xin , Xu Kebin
Published: July 2024

Background
Recent studies have shown a close association between periodontal disease and respiratory diseases. Gingival fibroma is a form of periodontal disease, and the H1N1 virus is a common pathogen causing respiratory diseases. The objective of this study is to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy in common differential genes between gingival fibroma and H1N1 virus infection using bioinformatics methods
Method
Data sets of gingival fibroma and H1N1 virus infection were downloaded from GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus), and the differential genes between the two were identified using R language. The intersection of the differential gene sets of the two diseases with the autophagy-related gene set downloaded from Gene Cards was obtained. GO analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were conducted on the differential genes of the two diseases using R language. Immune infiltration analysis was performed on the differential genes of the two diseases, and a heatmap of the correlation between the common differential genes of gingival fibroma, H1N1 virus infection, and autophagy and immune cells was drawn using R language
Results
Data from two GEO datasets were analyzed, and the data of gingival fibroma were screened out286 differential genes (199 down-regulated genes, 87 up-regulated genes)and H1N1 virus infection388 differential genes (38 up-regulated genes and 350 down-regulated genes)There are four common differential genes in gingival fibroma, H1N1 virus infection and cell autophagyBST2, SOD2, SLC7A11, and MXD1The enrichment analysis results show that,The differential genes of gingival fibroma are mainly enriched in tissue development (biological processes), extracellular regions (cellular composition), through the incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen acting on paired donors (molecular functions), and are enriched in fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis signaling pathways. The differential genes infected by H1N1 virus are mainly enriched in interspecies interactions (biological processes), nuclear endoplasmic reticulum membranes (cellular composition), signal receptor binding (molecular functions), and are enriched in influenza A, EB virus infection and other signaling pathwaysThe results of immune infiltration analysis showed that,Gingival fibroma is significantly related to dendritic cells and other immune cells, and H1N1 virus infectioninitial CD4 + T cellsDendritic cells and neutrophils are significantly related.
Conclusion
The regulatory mechanism of cell autophagy in the common differential genes between gingival fibroma and H1N1 virus infection can be analyzed by bioinformatics methods
Characterization of Collaborative Cross mouse founder strain CAST/EiJ as a novel model for lethal COVID-19
Authors: Baker Candice N. , Duso Debra , Kothapalli Nagarama , Hart Tricia , Casey Sean , Cookenham Tres , Kummer Larry , Hvizdos Janine , Lanzer Kathleen , Vats Purva , Shanbhag Priya , Bell Isaac , Tighe Mike , Travis Kelsey , Szaba Frank , Bedard Olivia , Oberding Natalie , Ward Jerrold M. , Adams Mark D. , Lutz Cathleen , Bradrick Shelton S. , Reiley William W. , Rosenthal Nadia
Published: July 2024

Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) have expanded the viral host range beyond primates, and a limited range of other mammals, to mice, affording the opportunity to exploit genetically diverse mouse panels to model the broad range of responses to infection in patient populations. Here we surveyed responses to VOC infection in genetically diverse Collaborative Cross (CC) founder strains. Infection of wild-derived CC founder strains produced a broad range of viral burden, disease susceptibility and survival, whereas most other strains were resistant to disease despite measurable lung viral titers. In particular, CAST/EiJ, a wild-derived strain, developed high lung viral burdens, more severe lung pathology than seen in other CC strains, and a dysregulated cytokine profile resulting in morbidity and mortality. These inbred mouse strains may serve as a valuable platform to evaluate therapeutic countermeasures against severe COVID-19 and other coronavirus pandemics in the future.
Vascular supply of the radial nerve and its terminal branches: an anatomical study
Authors: Daoulas Thomas , Sivakumar Brahman , Houziaux Gautier , Forli Alexandra , Seizeur Romuald , Perruisseau-Carrier Anne
Published: July 2024

Purpose
The aim of this cadaveric study was to further describe the vascular supply of the radial, posterior interosseous and superficial radial nerves.
Methods
11 cadaveric upper limbs, injected with colored latex, were dissected. Vascular afferents to the radial nerve, superficial radial nerve (SRN) and posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) were described and located. Their origin was identified and its distance to interepicondylar line was measured.
Results
The radial nerve had an average of 3 vascular afferents (2-5), of septomuscular origin in 54% of cases. 46% came from adjacent arteries.
The PIN had an average of 8 vascular afferents (6-12), arising from septomuscular branches in 82% of cases. The PIN was vascularized in 100% of cases by a large arterial plexus originating from the supinator muscle between its two heads.
The SRN had an average of 4 vascular afferents (3-5). Before crossing the septum of the brachioradialis, vascularization was predominantly septomuscular; after crossing the septum, the nerve was exclusively vascularized by septocutaneous arteries.
Conclusion
This is the first study to describe the vascularization of the radial nerve and its terminal branches along their entire length. Our results are in line with the data available in the literature.
An arterial plexus between the two heads of the supinator was surrounding the PIN in all cases. This vascular plexus might be involved in dynamic compression of the posterior interosseous nerve.