bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PD225 Implementation Of Hospital-Based Health Technology Assessment For Innovative And Expensive Medical Devices In A French Teaching Hospital
Authors: Guerre Pascale , Huot Laure
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Teaching hospitals are the first users of innovative, and often costly, technologies. In our institution, innovative medical devices are in demand in the early stage of market diffusion, but there is little data available to help decision-makers. Although decision criteria were identified, structured and contextualized work could help the process through formalized hospital-based health technology assessment (HB-HTA).

Methods

A specialist team was set up to develop an HB-HTA process dedicated to innovative and expensive devices. The process is multidisciplinary and comprises methodologists, health economists, and pharmacists. The template developed by the Adopting Hospital Based Health Technology Assessment project was used to draft the report and to identify relevant elements adapted to the local context. Literature reviews were conducted. A list of contributors was drawn up, including the medical team and the various directors involved in generating decision support information (in particular, strategic and organizational impacts). Finally, workshops were held with patient representatives.

Results

Three applications have been processed, enabling the HB-HTA procedure to be improved. Coordination of the work by a dedicated independent team made it possible to establish the transparency and robustness required for an HTA process. The main difficulties were related to the multi-contributor aspect, which affected the timeline to produce the reports, introduced heterogeneity within the different items, and created some redundancy that had to be sorted out. Uncertainties were highlighted in relation to data on clinical benefits in our patient population and assumptions about activity and budget impact. The use of real-world studies to address these issues has been proposed.

Conclusions

The decision-maker appreciated being able to make decisions based on a single document resulting from multidisciplinary work. The experiences were positive and have led to the creation of an HB-HTA unit. Future reports should consider the weaknesses identified, and methodological developments are underway to improve the process.
PD226 Integration Of Patient And Clinician Insights Into The European Union Joint Scientific Consultations And Joint Clinical Assessments
Authors: Julian Elaine , Doeswijk Robin , Giuliani Rosa , Goettsch Wim , Brinkhuis Francine , Woermann Bernhard J. , Pavlovic Mira , Cardone Antonella , Bucher Heiner C. , Pérez-Valderrama Begoña , Bernardini Renato , Van Dyck Walter , Moelken Maureen Rutten-van , Gianfrate Fabrizio , Solà-Morales Oriol , Toumi Mondher , Widmer Daniel , Salmonson Tomas , Ruof Jörg
Published: January 2025

Introduction

To summarize insights generated during the preceding four conventions of the European Access Academy (EAA) regarding the interface of patient organizations and medical societies with the evolving European Union (EU) health technology assessment (HTA) process.

Methods

In 2022 and 2023 four EAA conventions were held on the EU HTA regulation, focusing on: (i) its relevance for beating cancer; (ii) stakeholder involvement; (iii) recommended preparatory steps to ensure its successful implementation; and (iv) the role of hematology and oncology as a pacemaker for the EU HTA process. Here we summarize insights generated at the four EAA conventions about the integration of patient and clinician insights in the evolving EU HTA process, including joint scientific consultations (JSC) and joint clinical assessments (JCA).

Results

Throughout the conventions it became clear that the interface of patient associations and clinical societies with the EU HTA process is key for successful implementation of the regulation. All involved stakeholders rely on the principles of evidence-based medicine (EBM), including best internal and external evidence, patient values and expectations, and clinical experience. It was agreed that patient and clinician perspectives on the assessments are needed to balance the technical analysis of best external evidence. While patient input is rather well defined, when and how input from clinical societies is best incorporated during the process remains unclear.

Conclusions

As stipulated by the EBM triad, systematic involvement of patients and clinicians throughout both JSC and JCA is key to ensuring best outcomes for patients and society as a whole, in line with the objectives of the EU HTA regulation.
PD230 The VALUE Project: Multistakeholder Assessment For A Value-Based Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Lower Respiratory Tract Diseases
Authors: D’Ambrosio Floriana , Maida Ada , Pappalardo Ciro , Nisticò Anna , Scardigno Anna , Sezzatini Romina , Ricciardi Walter , Calabro’ Giovanna Elisa
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Lower respiratory tract diseases (LRTDs) pose a public health threat, particularly among vulnerable populations. Vaccination is crucial for disease control, promoting healthy aging, and reducing mortality. However, current immunization programs for adult and the elderly are suboptimal. This project engaged healthcare professionals and citizens to develop guidelines for immunization of adults and the elderly in Italy, with a specific focus on the currently available respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccination.

Methods

The project will include the following three phases: (i) Exploratory phase: a scoping review—involving a search of MEDLINE and institutional websites—to investigate current vaccinations offered to adults and the elderly in Italy for vaccine preventable LRTDs; (ii) Assessment phase: a Delphi process to identify strengths and weaknesses in the current vaccinations offered to adults and the elderly and to evaluate the latest regional and national plans for immunizing the elderly against RSV; and (iii) Policy phase: a consultation with experts to formulate recommendations for the nationwide implementation of vaccination strategies for LRTDs among adults and the elderly, paying particular attention to RSV prevention.

Results

By analyzing current vaccinations offered in Italy, the ongoing project released new evidence and data on vaccine preventable LRTDs to enhance existing vaccination policies and strategies. This aligned a value-based decision-making process with technological innovations in vaccination. Moreover, the involvement of different stakeholders was crucial for identifying health needs and recognizing potential barriers that may hinder adequate vaccination coverage among adult and elderly populations, thus defining priority areas.

Conclusions

Vaccination of adult and elderly populations must be a key component of strategies aimed at promoting the maintenance of good health in the long term. The disease burden of LRTDs and RSV infections is significant and likely underestimated among the elderly. Therefore, adequate prevention strategies are crucial to reducing the national and global burden of these respiratory diseases.
PD239 Assisted Daily Living: Stakeholder Involvement In Identifying Innovation Gaps, User Needs, And Potential Solutions
Authors: Al-Assaf Aalya , Johnson Eugenie Evelynne , Tanner Louise , Hunter Emily , Richmond Catherine , Still Madeleine , Gill Sean , Jackson Sara , Harris Bethan , Arisa Oluwatomi , Hanratty Barbara , Liddle Jennifer , Craig Dawn , Pearson Fiona
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Technology is central in supporting older people with their daily tasks and independence at home. This project aimed to identify technologies that can be built into residential environments (e.g., appliances, fixtures, or fittings) to support older people in activities of daily living (ADL) through a horizon scan (HS) informed by public insights on unmet needs and priorities.

Methods

A survey of members of the public was conducted to prioritize outcomes included within an evidence and gap map (EGM) framework. The EGM aimed to illustrate the current landscape of technologies supporting ADL in residential settings (e.g., care homes) and innovation gaps. The EGM results were shared with end users in a workshop discussion on the current range of technologies aimed at supporting ADL in residential settings. This was facilitated using vignettes to elicit views on unmet needs and priorities for technology development. The workshop informed the scope of the HS to identify and prioritize emerging technologies that could address unmet needs.

Results

This project successfully embedded public involvement throughout to identify innovation gaps in technologies supporting ADL, unmet needs among end users, and potential solutions to these needs. The HS identified 190 technologies that were ready to market. All the technologies had potential to address identified unmet needs and could be built into the residential environment to support older people with ADL and to improve their quality of life, independence, and safety at home. Horizon scanning research can meaningfully involve stakeholders and take direction from their insights to enable voices less often heard to drive innovation in areas where it is needed.

Conclusions

Involving stakeholders in research using evidence synthesis and qualitative methods helps to gain a better understanding of gaps in innovation, the related unmet needs, and the technologies that might address these needs. Public involvement in the survey and workshop influenced the conduct and interpretation of the EGM, the scope of the HS, and the interpretation of the findings.
PD240 Report Of Outcomes In Health Technology Assessment For Technologies In Ultrarare Diseases In The Brazilian Public Health System
Authors: Komoda Denis Satoshi , Machado-Rugolo Juliana , da Silva Pereira Curado Daniel , Lima Silvana Molina , Modelli de Andrade Luis Gustavo , Thabane Lehana , Theresa Weber Silke Anna , Santos Marisa , de Paula de Sordi Monica Aparecida , de Almeida Cardoso Marilia Mastrocolla
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Ultrarare diseases (URD) represent a challenge to health technology assessment (HTA). The traditional framework for assessing efficacy and cost effectiveness may be biased to include clinically relevant outcomes, leaving patient-centered outcomes doomed to neglect. Here we explore patient-centered outcomes in the context of patient and citizen involvement in the assessment of URD by the Brazilian National Committee for Health Technology Incorporation (CONITEC).

Methods

We assessed 53 HTA reports from CONITEC that evaluated URD-related technologies (and included highlights of patients’ and citizens’ perspectives during recommendation meetings) published from 2012 to 2022. Data extraction was performed by two independent researchers. Data on year of report, sex, ethnicity, category (patient or family), and previous experience with the assessed technology were extracted and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Patients’ and citizens’ narratives were collated from the reports. A thematic analysis was conducted according to patient-centered outcomes and technology-related outcomes and was then compared with the evidence synthesis protocol described in the HTA.

Results

Only seven URD-related HTA reports registered patient or citizen participation, all of which were published in 2022. The age of two participants was reported (both 17 years). Six participants were women. Ethnicity was not reported. All participants had previous experience with the technology. Four participants were family or caregivers and three were patients. Considering patient-centered outcomes, physical (muscular strength) and emotional (self-confidence) improvements that positively affected independence in basic daily functions were reported. These functions included activities such as dressing, self-care, cooking, and leisure. Advantages listed for the assessed technologies included the possibility of self-administration of medication (e.g., swallowing a pill, opening a medicine bottle, and using a syringe).

Conclusions

The results show that although, in some cases, primary outcomes reported in evidence synthesis protocols include patient-centered outcomes (e.g., activities of daily living), in other cases the evidence synthesis failed to identify relevant studies. In other cases, the reports failed to differentiate between primary and secondary outcomes or to fully account for patient-centered outcomes.
‘There’s a Little Bit of Tension There’: perspectives of mothers and early childhood educators on breast-feeding in child care centers
Authors: Demirci Jill R , Dieterich Rachel , Glasser Melissa , Harpel Caroline , Shope Timothy
Published: January 2025

Objective:

To explore mothers’ and early childhood (EC) educators’ experiences of breast-feeding/breast milk provision and breast-feeding support in child care centres (CCC) in the USA.

Design:

We conducted one-time, semi-structured phone interviews with mothers and EC educators to examine perceptions of support, accommodations and barriers to breast-feeding in CCC. We administered a background survey to assess participant characteristics and quantify perceived degree of breast-feeding support in the workplace (mothers) and CCC (mothers and EC educators).

Setting:

US-based CCC

Participants:

Fifty working mothers using CCC for their infants and twenty-two EC educators

Results:

Interview themes and background surveys reflected neutral feelings towards breast-feeding support received (mothers) and provided (EC educators) in CCC. Maternal expectations for breast-feeding support in CCC were generally low; workplace and social support for breast-feeding were perceived as the most important factors impacting breast-feeding. EC educators’ capacity to offer breast-feeding support was constrained by CCC infant feeding regulations, inadequate breast-feeding training and time limitations. Tensions arose when mothers attempted to manage low milk supply at the CCC level by requesting EC educators to individualise feeding or milk storage practices for their infant.

Conclusions:

Breast-feeding efforts of working mothers are undermined in multiple settings, including the workplace and CCC. Improving breast-feeding outcomes for this population requires structural/policy changes that: (1) maximise opportunities for continued, direct breast-feeding and maternal/infant proximity and (2) enforce evidence-based CCC feeding protocols and standards and EC educator lactation training.
Global Ionospheric Scintillation Estimation Based on Phase Screen Modeling From One‐Dimensional Satellite Data
Authors: Zheng Yuhao , Xiong Chao , Spogli Luca , Iman Rayan , Alfonsi Lucilla
Published: January 2025

Ionospheric scintillations, which usually manifest as sudden, rapid fluctuations in radio wave signal phase and amplitude, challenge the reliability of satellite communication and navigation. Based on the single phase screen assumption, this study uses the one‐dimensional (1D) in‐situ plasma density data of ESA's Swarm constellation data to develop a three‐dimensional (3D) power spectrum of electron density perturbation and construct a model to estimate scintillations caused by small‐scale ionospheric plasma density irregularities. By deriving the turbulence strength () and calculating the amplitude scintillation index S4, the global distribution of ionospheric scintillation is derived. Scintillation from our model shows typical seasonal variations, with peaks during equinoxes at both high and low magnetic latitudes. For local time (LT) dependence, the scintillation at low magnetic latitudes peaks around 21:00 LT, while at high magnetic latitudes, the maximum occurrence appears around noon, with an asymmetry between the northern and southern hemispheres. In addition, positive correlations between scintillation occurrence and solar activity, as well as geomagnetic storms are observed, with higher magnetic latitudes more being affected by geomagnetic disturbances. These features of our model‐estimated scintillations agree well with the occurrence of small‐scale plasma density irregularities at different magnetic latitudes as reported by previous studies. Our study introduces a way to estimate the global coverage of ionospheric scintillation from in‐situ satellite measurements, which cannot be achieved by the ground‐based GNSS networks due to the lack of coverage in the ocean regions.
Low-input redoxomics facilitates global identification of metabolic regulators of oxidative stress in the gut
Authors: Xiao Xina , Hu Meng , Gao Li , Yuan Huan , Chong Baochen , Liu Yu , Zhang Rou , Gong Yanqiu , Du Dan , Zhang Yong , Yang Hao , Liu Xiaohui , Zhang Yan , Zhang Huiyuan , Xu Heng , Zhao Yi , Meng Wenbo , Xie Dan , Lei Peng , Qi Shiqian , Peng Yong , Tan Tao , Yu Yang , Hu Hongbo , Dong Biao , Dai Lunzhi
Published: January 2025

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in organ aging and related diseases, yet the endogenous regulators involved remain largely unknown. This work highlights the importance of metabolic homeostasis in protecting against oxidative stress in the large intestine. By developing a low-input and user-friendly pipeline for the simultaneous profiling of five distinct cysteine (Cys) states, including free SH, total Cys oxidation (Sto), sulfenic acid (SOH), S-nitrosylation (SNO), and S-glutathionylation (SSG), we shed light on Cys redox modification stoichiometries and signaling with regional resolution in the aging gut of monkeys. Notably, the proteins modified by SOH and SSG were associated primarily with cell adhesion. In contrast, SNO-modified proteins were involved in immunity. Interestingly, we observed that the Sto levels ranged from 0.97% to 99.88%, exhibiting two distinct peaks and increasing with age. Crosstalk analysis revealed numerous age-related metabolites potentially involved in modulating oxidative stress and Cys modifications. Notably, we elucidated the role of fumarate in alleviating intestinal oxidative stress in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. Our findings showed that fumarate treatment promotes the recovery of several cell types, signaling pathways, and genes involved in oxidative stress regulation. Calorie restriction (CR) is a known strategy for alleviating oxidative stress. Two-month CR intervention led to the recovery of many antioxidative metabolites and reshaped the Cys redoxome. This work decodes the complexities of redoxomics during the gut aging of non-human primates and identifies key metabolic regulators of oxidative stress and redox signaling.
Development of a pressure-sensitive adhesive utilizing a highly sensitive cross-linking system with photoanionic curing
Authors: Tanaka Yuya , Arimitsu Koji
Published: January 2025

Pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) can rapidly adhere to any substrate under low pressure. In general, acrylic PSAs are designed to undergo a thermal curing reaction. In recent years, UV-curable PSAs have attracted increasing attention because of their rapid curing and solvent-free production. However, radical curing cannot be performed in room air, and the development of an anionic curable type is desirable. Therefore, we synthesized a novel copolymer with anionic curability using an acetoacetate–Michael addition reaction cross-linking system and applied it to PSA tape. The developed PSA tape showed good performance 2 h after coating and UV irradiation. It comprises a specific polymer that reacts with high sensitivity even when a 1 wt% photobase generator is added. In addition, it has an ideal peel strength of 1.3 N cm–1 and it demonstrated high heat resistance up to 220 °C in a shear adhesion failure temperature test. The proposed polymer is expected to provide new benefits for PSA tape, such as temporarily fixing semiconductor devices.
Adjuvant endocrine therapy with cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, ribociclib, for localized hormone receptor-positive/HER2– breast cancer (LEADER)
Authors: Spring Laura M. , Scarpetti Lauren , Medford Arielle J. , Niemierko Andrzej , Comander Amy , Mulvey Therese , Schnipper Lowell , Isakoff Steven J. , Moy Beverly , Wander Seth A. , Shin Jennifer , Ephrem Zanta , Laposta Anneke R. , Denault Elyssa , Abraham Elizabeth , Calistro Gayle , Kalashnikova Ekaterina , Rodriguez Angel , Liu Minetta C. , Aleshin Alexey , Peppercorn Jeffrey , Ellisen Leif W. , Bardia Aditya
Published: January 2025

Optimal timing and dosing of adjuvant cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor in early breast cancer is controversial. This prospective phase II clinical trial investigated tolerability and safety of two ribociclib dosing schedules. Patients with stage I–III hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/HER2– breast cancer on adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET) were randomized to two ribociclib dosing schedules: 400 mg continuous vs 600 mg intermittent, with initiation in early (prior ET < 2 years) vs delayed (prior ET ≥ 2 years) setting. Primary objective was to evaluate safety and tolerability of continuous vs intermittent schedule. Primary endpoint was proportion of patients who discontinued ribociclib before completion of all 12 cycles (measured at 12 months). Recurrence free survival (RFS) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection were also evaluated. 81 patients were enrolled. Only six serious adverse events occurred, with no significant difference between treatment arms and no subject deaths. Twenty-five patients (31%) discontinued ribociclib before completion of 12 months, with no significant difference between treatment arms. Ribociclib discontinuation was higher in early vs delayed initiation (36% vs 21%). At median follow-up of 20 months, two patients in the intermittent arm (600 mg; Arm 2) experienced disease recurrence (2-year RFS 97%, 95%CI 88–99%), vs none in the continuous arm (400 mg; Arm 1) (2-year RFS 100%). ctDNA was only identified in the two subjects with recurrent disease at median of 7.5 months prior to radiological recurrence. Ribociclib is a safe and well-tolerated adjunct to adjuvant ET in early-stage breast cancer. Delayed initiation of ribociclib at 400 mg continuous dosing was feasible, better tolerated and associated with promising outcomes. ctDNA detection preceded clinical evidence of recurrence and may be considered as a surveillance tool in breast cancer.
Phase separation of initiation hubs on cargo is a trigger switch for selective autophagy
Authors: Licheva Mariya , Pflaum Jeremy , Babic Riccardo , Mancilla Hector , Elsässer Jana , Boyle Emily , Hollenstein David M. , Jimenez-Niebla Jorge , Pleyer Jonas , Heinrich Mio , Wieland Franz-Georg , Brenneisen Joachim , Eickhorst Christopher , Brenner Johann , Jiang Shan , Hartl Markus , Welsch Sonja , Hunte Carola , Timmer Jens , Wilfling Florian , Kraft Claudine
Published: January 2025

Autophagy is a key cellular quality control mechanism. Nutrient stress triggers bulk autophagy, which nonselectively degrades cytoplasmic material upon formation and liquid–liquid phase separation of the autophagy-related gene 1 (Atg1) complex. In contrast, selective autophagy eliminates protein aggregates, damaged organelles and other cargoes that are targeted by an autophagy receptor. Phase separation of cargo has been observed, but its regulation and impact on selective autophagy are poorly understood. Here, we find that key autophagy biogenesis factors phase separate into initiation hubs at cargo surfaces in yeast, subsequently maturing into sites that drive phagophore nucleation. This phase separation is dependent on multivalent, low-affinity interactions between autophagy receptors and cargo, creating a dynamic cargo surface. Notably, high-affinity interactions between autophagy receptors and cargo complexes block initiation hub formation and autophagy progression. Using these principles, we converted the mammalian reovirus nonstructural protein µNS, which accumulates as particles in the yeast cytoplasm that are not degraded, into a neo-cargo that is degraded by selective autophagy. We show that initiation hubs also form on the surface of different cargoes in human cells and are key to establish the connection to the endoplasmic reticulum, where the phagophore assembly site is formed to initiate phagophore biogenesis. Overall, our findings suggest that regulated phase separation underscores the initiation of both bulk and selective autophagy in evolutionarily diverse organisms.
Nationwide real-world implementation of AI for cancer detection in population-based mammography screening
Authors: Eisemann Nora , Bunk Stefan , Mukama Trasias , Baltus Hannah , Elsner Susanne A. , Gomille Timo , Hecht Gerold , Heywang-Köbrunner Sylvia , Rathmann Regine , Siegmann-Luz Katja , Töllner Thilo , Vomweg Toni Werner , Leibig Christian , Katalinic Alexander
Published: January 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) in mammography screening has shown promise in retrospective evaluations, but few prospective studies exist. PRAIM is an observational, multicenter, real-world, noninferiority, implementation study comparing the performance of AI-supported double reading to standard double reading (without AI) among women (50–69 years old) undergoing organized mammography screening at 12 sites in Germany. Radiologists in this study voluntarily chose whether to use the AI system. From July 2021 to February 2023, a total of 463,094 women were screened (260,739 with AI support) by 119 radiologists. Radiologists in the AI-supported screening group achieved a breast cancer detection rate of 6.7 per 1,000, which was 17.6% (95% confidence interval: +5.7%, +30.8%) higher than and statistically superior to the rate (5.7 per 1,000) achieved in the control group. The recall rate in the AI group was 37.4 per 1,000, which was lower than and noninferior to that (38.3 per 1,000) in the control group (percentage difference: −2.5% (−6.5%, +1.7%)). The positive predictive value (PPV) of recall was 17.9% in the AI group compared to 14.9% in the control group. The PPV of biopsy was 64.5% in the AI group versus 59.2% in the control group. Compared to standard double reading, AI-supported double reading was associated with a higher breast cancer detection rate without negatively affecting the recall rate, strongly indicating that AI can improve mammography screening metrics.
Structural basis for the inhibition of PRC2 by active transcription histone posttranslational modifications
Authors: Cookis Trinity , Lydecker Alexandria , Sauer Paul , Kasinath Vignesh , Nogales Eva
Published: January 2025

Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) trimethylates histone H3 on K27 (H3K27me3) leading to gene silencing that is essential for embryonic development and maintenance of cell identity. PRC2 is regulated by protein cofactors and their crosstalk with histone modifications. Trimethylated histone H3 on K4 (H3K4me3) and K36 (H3K36me3) localize to sites of active transcription and inhibit PRC2 activity through unknown mechanisms. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we reveal that histone H3 tails containing H3K36me3 engage poorly with PRC2 and preclude its effective interaction with chromatin, while H3K4me3 binds to the allosteric site in the EED subunit, acting as an antagonist that competes with activators required for spreading of the H3K27me3 repressive mark. Thus, the location of the H3K4me3 and H3K36me3 modifications along the H3 tail allows them to target two requirements for efficient trimethylation of H3K27 by PRC2. We further show that the JARID2 cofactor modulates PRC2 activity in the presence of these histone modifications.
Ln-MOF in production of durable antimicrobial and UV-Protective fluorescent cotton fabric for potential application in military textiles
Authors: Emam Hossam E. , Abdelhameed Reda M. , Darwesh Osama M. , Ahmed Hanan B.
Published: January 2025

Industrialization of military textiles faces many challenges and some requirements such as durability, protection and suitability for hostile environment must be provided. Herein, fluorescent protective cotton with ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-protection and antimicrobial property was currently prepared via the immobilization of lanthanide-metal organic framework (Ln-MOF). Cotton fabrics were primarily activated via cationization process with 3-Chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride to obtain the cationized cotton (Q-cotton). Subsequently, Ln-MOFs based on Europium (Eu) and Terbium (Tb) were separately immobilized within cotton and Q-cotton fabrics. The obtained Ln-MOF@fabrics showed good fluorescent character, while three and four emission bands were estimated for Eu-MOF@fabric and Tb-MOF@fabric, respectively, related to the electron transition from 5D0 to 7F0-4 in Eu3+ and from 5D4 to 7F3-6 in Tb3+. After Ln-MOF incorporation, UVR-protection factor (UPF) was significantly enlarged from 1.9 (insufficient UPF) to 22.1–25.6 (good UPF) without cationization and to 32.4–37.8 (very good UPF) for Q-cotton. Against three different pathogens (Escherichia coli, staphylococcus Aureus and Candida albicans), Ln-MOF@fabrics exhibited good microbial reduction of 68–79% and 81–91% in case of cotton and Q-cotton, respectively. The cationization improved the functionality and durability of fabrics, while the acquired functions were still existed even after 10 repetitive washings.
Tackling misinformation in mobile social networks a BERT-LSTM approach for enhancing digital literacy
Authors: Wang Jun , Wang Xiulai , Yu Airong
Published: January 2025

The rapid proliferation of mobile social networks has significantly accelerated the dissemination of misinformation, posing serious risks to social stability, public health, and democratic processes. Early detection of misinformation is essential yet challenging, particularly in contexts where initial content propagation lacks user feedback and engagement data. This study presents a novel hybrid model that combines Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to enhance the detection of misinformation using only textual content. Extensive evaluations revealed that the BERT-LSTM model achieved an accuracy of 93.51%, a recall of 91.96%, and an F1 score of 92.73% in identifying misinformation. A controlled user study with 100 participants demonstrated the model’s effectiveness as an educational tool, with the experimental group achieving 89.4% accuracy in misinformation detection compared to 74.2% in the control group, while showing increased confidence levels and reduced decision-making time. Beyond its technical efficacy, the model exhibits significant potential in fostering critical thinking skills necessary for digital literacy. The findings underscore the transformative potential of advanced AI techniques in addressing the challenges of misinformation in the digital age.
Oxygen vacancy-driven spin-transfer torque across MgO magnetic tunnel junctions
Authors: Kandpal L. M. , Taudul B. , Monteblanco E. , Kumar A. , Katcko K. , Schleicher F. , Gupta P. , Boukari S. , Weber W. , Da Costa V. , Costa J. D. , Bӧhnert T. , Ferreira R. , Freitas P. , Hehn M. , Alouani M. , Muduli P. K. , Lacour D. , Bowen M.
Published: January 2025

Flowing an electrical current that is both of high areal density and large spin polarization across a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) can, through spin-transfer torque (STT), alter the relative magnetic orientation of the MTJ’s ferromagnetic electrodes. This effect has enabled key next-generation MTJ applications and commercialized products, from memories to artificial synapses and energy harvesters. As MTJs are now downscaled to 2 nm, basic experimental data challenge the accepted understanding of their operation. From transport spectroscopy, ferromagnetic resonance experiments and ab-initio calculations it is revealed that the high conductivity of STT-ready MTJs, and the STT effect therein, is mediated by oxygen vacancy complexes within the MgO barrier. Our work positions the oxygen vacancy at the core of MgO spintronics. This should disrupt the status-quo on STT-MRAM R&D, by generating defect-specific research and new ideas to confer additional functionality to these next-generation electronic devices, as a nanoelectronics platform to industrialize quantum physics.
Network analysis of cross-income-level collaboration on multiple myeloma in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Yang Kaiyi , Benkwitz-Bedford Sam , Cazier Jean-Baptiste , Spill Fabian
Published: January 2025

Cross-income-level collaboration (CILC) is crucial for developing global health approaches that benefit low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Multiple myeloma (MM) is a representative example of a complex, understudied disease in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Based on publications, we developed a network analysis tool to assess scientific collaborations. Here, we present findings from a systematic analysis of publications retrieved from PubMed between January 2002 and June 2022. We evaluated individual institutional contributions and collaboration patterns using undirected weighted networks. Our findings reveal that intra-income-level collaborations dominate MM research in SSA, with high-income countries (HICs) primarily engaging with a few local institutions, mainly in South Africa and Nigeria. Increasing CILC is essential to advance research in this area. Our analysis tool provides insights into the collaboration strength, highlights gaps in the field and identifies leading institutions, ultimately aiming to support the development of more effective international collaboration and research strategies.
Identification of catechin species using a colorimetric and fluorescence dual-mode sensor array based on peroxidase-like PtNi bunched nanoparticles
Authors: She Yunfan , Dong Chenxin , Leng Yumin , Chen Zhengbo
Published: January 2025

Identification of catechin species using a colorimetric and fluorescence dual-mode sensor array based on peroxidase-like PtNi bunched nanoparticles.
Ganglioside-incorporating lipid nanoparticles as a polyethylene glycol-free mRNA delivery platform
Authors: Permana Yafi S. , Jang Mincheol , Yeom Kyunghwan , Fagan Erinn , Kim Yong Jae , Choi Joon Hyeok , Park Ji-Ho
Published: January 2025

This study showcases the use of ganglioside for providing stealth properties to LNPs, reducing particle aggregation and interaction with serum proteins, thereby facilitating the in vivo delivery of mRNA.
The speciation of phosphates adsorbed on γ-alumina revealed by 31P NMR, AIMD and machine learning
Authors: Hühn Adrian , Jiang Tao , Valero Manuel Corral , Rivallan Mickaël , Lesage Anne , Michel Carine , Raybaud Pascal
Published: January 2025

Ab initio molecular dynamics and machine learning are used to unravel the experimental 1D 31P NMR spectra of phosphates catalytic additives adsorbed on the γ-alumina support.
A mini review on photocatalytic lignin conversion into monomeric aromatic compounds
Authors: Shao Shibo , Wang Xiangzhou , Li Wenbing , Zhang Yiming , Liu Shi , Xiao Weisheng , Yue Zongyang , Lu Xu , Fan Xianfeng
Published: January 2025

This review systematically outlines the development of photocatalytic lignin conversion, critically reviews the advantages and limitations of photocatalytic systems from the key studies, highlights key challenges and future perspectives.
Au–Ni synergy for enhanced electrochemical oxidation of ethanol over Au/Ni foam electrode
Authors: Tan Xing , Du Ruixing , Zhong Qitong , Liao Longfei , Chen Huanhao , Tang Zhenchen , Yan Dafeng , Chen Shiming , Zeng Feng
Published: January 2025

The Au–Ni alloy synergy enhances adsorption, tunes surface oxygen species, and drives ethanol oxidation to acetaldehyde and acetate efficiently, providing a stable and cost-effective solution for hydrogen production.
Highly diverse emission of volatile organic compounds by Sitka spruce and determination of their emission pathways
Authors: Furnell Hayley , Wenger John , Wingler Astrid , Kilcawley Kieran N. , Mannion David T. , Skibinska Iwona , Kammer Julien
Published: January 2025

Sitka spruce has been found to emit 74 BVOCs with piperitone (C10H16O) being the highest. Most of BVOCs originated from both biosynthetic and pooled pathways simultaneously. Standardised emissions showed that Sitka spruce is a strong BVOC emitter.
Lithium recovery from U.S. oil and gas produced waters: resource quality and siting considerations
Authors: Gerardo Sheila , Song Wen
Published: January 2025

Aqueous geochemistry, access to end-users, and workforce availability are important to assess lithium extraction potential from produced brines.
Solvothermally optimizing Ag2Te/Ag2S composites with high thermoelectric performance and plasticity
Authors: Zhu Min , Shi Xiao-Lei , Li Meng , Wu Hao , Wang De-Zhuang , Yin Liang-Cao , Wu Ting , Liu Wei-Di , Huang Yan , Chen Zhi-Gang , Liu Qingfeng
Published: January 2025

The Ag2Te/Ag2S composites were fabricated for the first time using a facile solvothermal method for practical applications, and ZT values of ∼0.42 at 373 K and ∼0.38 at 298 K were achieved, both exceeding those of pure Ag2S and Ag2Te.
Nanoparticle assembly with customisable fluorescence properties and excellent biocompatibility
Authors: Insua Ignacio
Published: January 2025

This article highlights the recent work by Wang, Qi et al. (Nanoscale Horiz., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4NH00400K) on the full-color peptide-based fluorescent nanomaterials assembled under the control of amino acid doping.
Anthracene carboxyimide-based selenide as a fluorescent probe for the ultrasensitive detection of hypochlorous acid
Authors: Liu Xueling , Liu Ziqi , Li Yujia , Wang Yali , Zhang Wenzhou
Published: January 2025

A novel fluorescent probe, AC-Se, was rationally designed by leveraging the combined advantages of an anthracene carboxyimide fluorophore and a selenide recognition group for the ultrasensitive detection of HOCl.
Efficient synthesis of dihydronaphthalenes via cerium-catalyzed annulation of 1-alkoxy substituted 1H-isochromenes with cinnamic acids
Authors: Guo Meng , Zhang Xuetao , Yang Wenqi , Chen Yanmei , Zhang Jun , Liu Zhiqing , Wang Chang-Yun , Wang Pingyuan
Published: January 2025

A novel and highly efficient synthetic strategy toward dihydronaphthalenes via a cerium-catalyzed cycloaddition reaction has been developed.
Proximity-enhanced cysteine–histidine crosslinking for elucidating intrinsically disordered and other protein complexes
Authors: Wu Qi , van den Wildenberg Sebastian A. H. , Brzoskowski Jeroen C. R. , van den Oetelaar Maxime C. M. , Verhoef Carlo J. A. , Genet Sylvia A. A. M. , Ottmann Christian , Markvoort Albert J. , Brunsveld Luc , Cossar Peter J.
Published: January 2025

A novel proximity-enhanced crosslinker using histidine–cysteine trapping uncovers a cryptic 14-3-3/hyperphosphorylated Tau interaction via Ser356, advancing the understanding of IDP interactions and prompting a re-evaluation of 14-3-3/Tau mechanisms.
Stabilizing bicontinuous particle-stabilized emulsions formed via solvent transfer-induced phase separation
Authors: Alting Meyer T. , Haase Martin F.
Published: January 2025

Bijels are non-equilibrium soft materials with potential applications in catalysis, membrane separations, and energy storage. In this study, we demonstrate the long-term stabilization of STrIPS-bijels, maintaining their structure for several weeks.
Metal deficiency tuned charge transfer in intermetallic Ni2−xSn (x = 0.37–0.65) enhances selective conversion of furfural to furfuryl alcohol towards the theoretical limit
Authors: Cherevotan Arjun , Singh Ashutosh Kumar , Yadav Anish , Maligal-Ganesh Raghu V. , Raj Jithu , Pulparambil Anu , Goud Devender , Vinod Chathakudath P. , Peter Sebastian C.
Published: January 2025

Metal deficiency tuned charge transfer in Ni–Sn based intermetallics enhances selective conversion of furfural to furfuryl alcohol.
Understanding the roles of ionic liquids in photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Zhao Yun , Wang Huihu , Zeng Lei , Huang Limin
Published: January 2025

This review summarizes the multifaceted roles of ionic liquids in photocatalytic CO2 reduction, highlighting the promotional effect of ILs on photocatalytic activity of the CO2 reduction reaction.
Mussel-inspired strong and tough hydrogel with self-adhesive properties based on dynamic interactions for flexible wearable electronics
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyong , Li Fan , Li Zhaozhao , Bai Yongping
Published: January 2025

Emerging conductive hydrogels showcase profound potential for sophisticated manipulation and various sensing applications.
In situ growth of redox-active porous organic polymers on Ti3C2Tx MXene for high-performance pseudocapacitors
Authors: Wu Xinyuan , Xu Peiwen , Huang Kang , Bai Qiaoshuang , Zhu Youlong
Published: January 2025

An MXene/POP hybrid material with abundant redox-active sites was prepared through an in situ growth strategy and exhibited high specific capacitance, excellent rate performance, and outstanding long-term cycling stability for pseudocapacitors.
Towards cell-adhesive, 4D printable PCL networks through dynamic covalent chemistry
Authors: Ghosh Sagnik , Subramaniyan Sathiyaraj , Bisht Anadi , Nandan Bhanu , Kulshreshtha Ritu , Hakkarainen Minna , Srivastava Rajiv K.
Published: January 2025

Photopolymerised 4D printable PCL networks using imine based dynamic covalent chemistry exhibiting glass transition-based shape memory with over 90% shape fixity and recovery, active cell adhesion, and scavenging reactive oxygen species.
High detectivity ternary near-infrared organic photodetectors based on double electron transport layer for health monitoring
Authors: Liang Jingchong , Wang Honglin , Yin Zhangmin , Jia Mengwei , Wang Minghao , Yan Dawei , Hou Xiaoya , Zhang Jie
Published: January 2025

The incorporation of the third component PBDTDPP and the utilization of PFN-Br/ZnO double electron transport layer have enhanced the performance of the organic photodetectors, thereby improving the signal resolution in health monitoring applications.
Speech-Language Pathology Students' Perception of Learning Anatomy and Physiology via 3D-Printed Models
Authors: Ofoe Levi C.
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

This study examined the learning experiences of speech-language pathology students after creating three-dimensional (3D) anatomical models as part of an undergraduate Anatomy and Physiology course.

Method:

A total of 44 undergraduate students used 3D software programs to design anatomical components (e.g., larynx, brainstem, brain cortex, ear, or mouth) relevant to speech-language pathology. Subsequently, 40 (90.9%) students completed a questionnaire regarding their learning experiences.

Results:

The data revealed that most students (60%) reported no prior experience with 3D designs. However, subsequent analyses indicated that a greater proportion of the students perceived a more positive learning experience about anatomy (82.5%), physiology (72.5%), and disorders (72.5%) as related to their model compared to those who did not perceive a positive learning experience. Additionally, students who preferred a kinesthetic learning style expressed higher satisfaction with their anatomical models (
p
= .02) than those who indicated an auditory learning style.

Conclusion:

The findings suggest that integrating 3D designs into the Anatomy and Physiology curriculum of speech-language pathology programs could provide students with a more positive learning experience related to anatomical concepts and their related disorders.
Translanguaging in AACtion: An Expansive Approach to Multimodal Communication With Augmentative and Alternative Communication Users
Authors: Saechao Karina R. , Privette Chelsea , Kim John
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

The purpose of this framework is to challenge the deficit perspectives toward multimodal communication and to encourage speech therapists and classroom teachers to apply educational justice and equity practices with modally marginalized individuals in education and clinical practice.

Method:

We summarize contemporary challenges in augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) as a practice area and integrate translanguaging and crip linguistics literature to propose a novel framework: Translanguaging in AACtion.

Results:

The authors propose the Translanguaging in AACtion framework to provide a praxis for engaging with and supporting all language users in and beyond the classroom by rethinking service delivery, supporting reciprocal engagement, and letting students language. The Translanguaging in AACtion framework guides speech therapists toward supporting disabled nonspeaking individuals to use their full-bodied semiotics (modes, languages, and dialects) in every setting, with every person, in every situation.

Conclusions:

This work highlights the languaging practices of (dis)abled, nonspeaking language users. Next steps are suggested to support speech therapists and classroom teachers with rethinking their praxis, with a focus on AACtion.
Survey on Emotional Intelligence Among Students, Practitioners, and Faculty Members in Communication Sciences and Disorders
Authors: Lee Sue Ann S. , Winkelman Logan , Hooper Troy L.
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

While the significance of emotional intelligence (EI) for health care providers has been recognized in various health care fields, its importance is not fully understood in the discipline of communication sciences and disorders (CSD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the perspectives on EI among students, practitioners, and faculty members to identify the current level of EI in the discipline of CSD.

Method:

A total of 825 CSD students, practitioners, and faculty members in the United States completed an online survey. The survey consisted of 42 questions including participants' demographic information, the current level of EI exposure, and training EI concepts along with their perception, attitude, and perceived usefulness of EI. The relevance of EI to clinical practice and personal life as well as the needs for EI training programs in the CSD discipline were also asked. Multiple chi-square analyses were conducted to examine whether the percentage of responses on each question was significantly different among students, practitioners, and faculty members.

Results:

The results of this study suggested CSD students, practitioners, and faculty members surveyed had a foundational understanding of EI concepts, perceived EI concepts to be useful personally and professionally, and have positive attitudes toward developing their skillset in the area of EI.

Conclusions:

Our data suggested continued efforts be made toward providing EI training for CSD students and practitioners to enhance professional development and patient outcomes. Being the first examination of CSD professional perspectives on EI, the study provides a useful resource in developing curriculum and continuing education programs for students, faculty, and practitioners in various health care fields.
MMF‐Net: A novel multi‐feature and multi‐level fusion network for 3D human pose estimation
Authors: Li Qianxing , Kong Dehui , Li Jinghua , Yin Baocai
Published: January 2025

Human pose estimation based on monocular video has always been the focus of research in the human computer interaction community, which suffers mainly from depth ambiguity and self‐occlusion challenges. While the recently proposed learning‐based approaches have demonstrated promising performance, they do not fully explore the complementarity of features. In this paper, the authors propose a novel multi‐feature and multi‐level fusion network (MMF‐Net), which extracts and combines joint features, bone features and trajectory features at multiple levels to estimate 3D human pose. In MMF‐Net, firstly, the bone length estimation module and the trajectory multi‐level fusion module are used to extract the geometric size information of the human body and multi‐level trajectory information of human motion, respectively. Then, the fusion attention‐based combination (FABC) module is used to extract multi‐level topological structure information of the human body, and effectively fuse topological structure information, geometric size information and trajectory information. Extensive experiments show that MMF‐Net achieves competitive results on Human3.6M, HumanEva‐I and MPI‐INF‐3DHP datasets.