bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hotspots and Trends in International of international forest ecological compensation research: A knowledge mapping analysis using CiteSpace
Authors: Pan Hesi
Published: May 2024

Forest ecological compensation has received widespread attention from the academic community and has become an important knowledge field that is constantly developing and evolving. Analyzing its academic situation and knowledge structure relationship can provide reference for subsequent theoretical research and practical exploration. Using the Web of Science Core Collection as the data source and the CiteSpace tool, this study mapped the current knowledge domain of international forest ecological compensation research from 1990 to 2020. The following results are derived: The paper issuing countrieswith “the United States, China, the United Kingdom and Germany” as the core, form a close contact network; Research hotspot evolution trend overview for the initial stage (1990-2001), mature stage (2002-2011) and expansion stage (2012-2020).
Development and applications of an integrated space-air-ground observation network in natural resource monitoring and supervision
Authors: Liu Changqing , Li Xueyuan , Xue Yajuan , Lu Wei , Zhang Chen
Published: May 2024

Timely and accurate monitoring is a prerequisite to survey the types, quantities, quality, and distribution of various natural resources. Currently, satellite remote sensing is the major observation method, which has advantages in observation scale, fast speed, and low cost. However, with the increasingly precise management of natural resource, satellite remote sensing faces some shortcomings in observation timeliness, dynamism, and accuracy. To solve these problems, combining space-based, air-based, and ground-based observation technologies can offer an effective approach by taking the advantages of each technology. This study focuses on development and applications of an integrated space-air-ground observation network to avoid the insufficiencies of individual monitoring method in natural resource monitoring and supervision. In this paper, we combined satellite remote sensing, drone photography, video surveillance, and field survey to establish an integrated space-air-ground observation network, proposed a cooperative observation mechanism in observation task, scale, and time. Then monitoring indicators and supervision process was established via indicator library and workflow engine, realizing closed-loop management of “discovery, analysis, verification, disposal, and cancellation” for natural resource monitoring and supervision. Afterward, by connecting the observation network and following the closed-loop management process, a cross terminal software was designed and developed to achieve process automation of natural resource monitoring and supervision. Finally, the observation network and software was put into practice, and the results indicate that the integrated space-air-ground observation network can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of natural resource of monitoring and supervision.
Towards a Sustainable Net-Zero Future: Energy and Economic Transition Amid Global Warming
Authors: Pan Xinyi
Published: May 2024

As global temperatures continue to rise, there is an alarming increase in the severity and frequency of extreme climate hazards. The United Nations, responding to these dire changes, has advocated for a target of net-zero carbon emissions, a strategy aimed at pursuing efforts “to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels” (The Paris Agreement) and mitigating the devastating effects of global warming. This research delves into economic implications of these targets, leveraging comprehensive data that encompass carbon emissions, temperature, renewable energy, and vital economic indicators. Utilizing the RCP scenarios, we provide a nuanced projection of future climate under varying socio-economic and radiative conditions. The analysis of economic indicators can help predict the overall level and change trend of carbon emissions more reasonably, which can provide important decision-making support for the government to formulate environmental protection policies and enterprises to carry out carbon emission reduction work. At the same time, economic indicators can also help assess the changes in the carbon trading market, and play an important guiding role for enterprises and investors to conduct carbon emissions trading. Our findings underscore the intricate relationship between stringent carbon management practices and their potential economic ramifications, which include both the promise of increased market value for businesses and bolstered resilience against climate-induced threats. Bridging historical observations with future-orientated projections, this study serves as a beacon for policymakers and stakeholders alike. It emphasizes the critical need to advance sustainable development within a net-zero carbon framework, ensuring a comprehensive strategy for global warming adaptation and mitigation.
Research on key technology and system application of energy management coupled with liquid cooling and intelligent control algorithm
Authors: Wang Ying
Published: May 2024

With the continuous progress and innovation of science and technology, the demand and requirements for energy in modern society are getting higher and higher. The system application of liquid cooling and intelligent control algorithm coupling energy management can adapt to this demand and provide more efficient, accurate and intelligent energy management solutions. On the basis of a brief introduction to the current energy problems, the principle of liquid cooling technology and intelligent control algorithm are expounded, the design and key technologies of liquid cooling system and intelligent control algorithm are analyzed. The liquid cooling system based on fuzzy control is studied. The liquid cooling system based on fuzzy control can quickly and accurately respond to equipment temperature changes, avoid equipment damage due to overheating, and improve energy utilization efficiency and reduce energy waste. On the basis of a brief introduction to the current energy problems, this study describes the principle of liquid cooling technology and intelligent control algorithm, focuses on the design and key technologies of liquid cooling system and intelligent control algorithm, and studies the liquid cooling system based on fuzzy control. The liquid cooling system based on fuzzy control can quickly and accurately respond to equipment temperature changes, avoid equipment damage due to overheating, and can improve energy utilization efficiency and reduce energy waste.
Operation optimization method of integrated energy system in park considering carbon transaction cost
Authors: Han Ziyu , Teng Yun
Published: May 2024

Considering the demand of energy consumption and carbon reduction in industrial parks, combined with the coupling relationship of different energy conversion and the characteristics of equipment operation, the typical equipment in the park is modeled. Based on the carbon emission allocation, the carbon transaction cost is quantified, and the operation optimization method of the integrated energy system(IES) for park is proposed with goal of economy and low carbon. Taking an industrial park as an example, the results of the two scenarios of subsystem discrete operation and integrated energy system optimal operation are analyzed. The results show that the construction of IES in park found on carbon trading and the optimization method have a significant effect on the realization of energy saving and carbon reduction and cost reduction.
Research on Carbon Neutral Grid Enterprises’ Low Carbon Transition Strategies and Benefit Assessment
Authors: Li Xuejun , Yang Xi , Liu Xiaobo , Wang Yunwen , Hao Guojie , Wang Minyan
Published: May 2024

In the context of achieving the dual-carbon goal, the power sector is actively exploring ways to make a low-carbon transition. The transformation of traditional thermal power involves the safety and reliability of electricity supply in the power system, and the low-carbon transformation involves changes and transformations in various aspects, which requires huge investments and costs. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the low-carbon transition strategy of power grid enterprises and assess the benefits generated by low-carbon transition of power grid enterprises. This paper first analyzes the background and transformation objectives of the low-carbon transformation of the power industry. Then it analyzes the potential of low-carbon development on the power generation side, puts forward the path of low-carbon transformation on the power generation side according to the development potential, and analyzes the role mechanism of low-carbon technology to generate low-carbon benefits, and constructs the assessment model based on system dynamics according to the role mechanism of low-carbon benefits. Simulation analysis is carried out through actual data, and the results show that the low-carbon transition strategy can produce more economic and environmental benefits, and can provide suggestions for subsequent development for reference.
Metabarcoding reveals waterbird diet in a French Ramsar wetland: implications for ecosystem management
Authors: Fablet Laura , Pellerin Anouk , Zarzoso-Lacoste Diane , Dubut Vincent , Walch Laurence
Published: May 2024

Environmental and/or climate changes, occurring at a global or local scale, can significantly impact the diets, health, and population dynamics of waterbirds. This study aimed to develop an effective tool, using DNA metabarcoding of fecal samples, for monitoring waterbird diets during the breeding season in a Ramsar freshwater wetland in Northern France. We collected bird feces across eight marshes with varying anthropic usage. The majority of samples (69%) were from five waterbird species: Eurasian coot (Fulica atra), Eurasian moorhen (Gallinula chloropus), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), mute swan (Cygnus olor), and grey heron (Ardea cinerea). DNA was extracted from 116 samples, with plant and invertebrate primers used to undertake multi-marker metabarcoding. Despite a negative impact of uric acid on DNA amplification, we observed significant dietary variations among bird species and sampling sites. Wetland bird diets primarily consisted of four arthropod families, dominated by Chironomidae and Asellidae. The number of plant families detected was higher, consisting of 33 families, with Poaceae highly prevalent within wetland bird diets. This study shows that using DNA metabarcoding to explore interactions between waterbirds and trophic resources is a promising approach to assist wetland management and assess the effect of environmental changes.
Porous material energy absorbing structure based on spider web biomimetic structure
Authors: Zhang Deqiu , Wang Jingyan
Published: May 2024

In the context of environmental protection and energy conservation, it is of great practical significance to study the design of porous material energy absorbing structures on the ground of spider web biomimetic structures. This study designs a porous material energy absorbing structure on the ground of a biomimetic spider web structure. Through in-depth research and experiments, the characteristics of this structure in efficient energy absorption are demonstrated. It has three types of energy absorbing structures: simple design, spiral and composite. The experimental data showed that the simple structure exhibited an energy absorption of 50 mJ under a 5J impact force, with an energy absorption efficiency of 10 mJ/g. At a 20J impact force, the energy absorption reached 200 mJ and the energy absorption efficiency was 40 mJ/g. Under parameter optimization, the cross-sectional diameter of the spiral and the cross-sectional area of the radial significantly affected the energy absorption effect. Reducing the cross-sectional diameter of the spiral from 0.55 mm to 0.45 mm would result in a decrease in energy absorption from 1.775J to 1.59J. When the cross-sectional area of the radial line changed from 0.5 to 0.45, the energy absorption effect decreased from 1.775J to 1.644J. Under static load, the composite structure had a 700 N triggering force and lower peak stress compared to the spiral structure under a compression displacement of 10 mm without compaction. The comprehensive performance of the composite structure is superior. This study provides a reference for designing more efficient and reliable energy absorbing materials, and the results have theoretical significance and practical application value. On the ground of experimental data and conclusions, biomimetic spider web structures can achieve safe, efficient, and reliable energy absorption protection in modern industrial applications, providing important theoretical support and technical guidance. The study of the energy absorption structure of porous materials based on spider web biosimulation has important theoretical and practical value in improving the safety, efficiency, and reliability of modern industrial applications. It provides a new direction and strategy for the development and application of high-performance energy absorption materials.
Untersuchungen zu einem kontrollierten, entscheidungsbaumbasierten
Verfahren des Selektiven Trockenstellens in Bayerischen
Milchviehbetrieben
Authors: Sonnewald-Daum Tanja , Euchner Katharina , Frost Laetitia , Pauly Tim , Fuchs Carla , Zettler Bianca , Schade Rebekka , Huber-Schlenstedt Reglindis , Harms Jan , Klima André , Mansfeld Rolf
Published: May 2024

Ziel Vier Parameter eines, in einer vorherigen Studie geprüften,
Entscheidungsbaumes (EnB) für das Selektive Trockenstellen (TS) wurden auf ihre
Selektionsstärke zur Erkennung von antibiotisch trockenzustellenden Kühen
(KTV/AB) geprüft. Ebenso, ob alle Parameter (Zellzahlen
[ZZ≥200 000 Z/ml] der letzten 3 Milchleistungsprüfungen [MLP] vor dem TS,
Mastitis-Historie der Laktation [≥1 MH], mikrobiologische Untersuchung [MBU, 14d
vor TS, Major Pathogen-Nachweis] und California-Mastitis-Test [CMT, >Grad
1/+, beim TS]) notwendig sind, Modifikationen als Ersatz der MBU sowie ein
vereinfachtes Modell anstatt des EnB ermittelt werden können.

Material und Methoden Daten aus 18 bayerischen Milchviehbetrieben von
06/2015 bis 08/2017 wurden deskriptiv sowie mittels kostensensitivem binärem
Klassifikationsbaum und logit-Modellen ausgewertet. Der EnB galt als zugrunde
liegende Wahrheit.

Ergebnisse Einbezogen wurden 848 Trockenstellvorgänge (KTV) von
739 Kühen. ZZ und CMT selektierten 88,1%, in Kombination mit der MH 95,6% der
KTV/AB (n=494). Ohne MBU wären 22 (4,4%) der KTV/AB
mit Major Pathogen-Nachweis (davon 8x Staphylococcus [S.]
aureus) fehlklassifiziert worden. Im Durchschnitt des geometrischen
Mittels der ZZ innerhalb 100d vor TS, blieben KTV ohne Befund in der
MBU <100 000 Z/ml Milch, mit Minor Pathogen zwischen 100 000–150 000 Z/ml,
mit Major Pathogen (ohne S. aureus) ≥150 000 Z/ml. Bei den 2
Selektionskriterien ZZ in der Laktation mind. 1x >200 000 Z/ml und postiver
CMT beim TS, wären 37 KTV(4,4%) „falsch nicht“, 43 KTV
(5,1%) „unnötig“ für ein antibiotisches TS selektiert worden. Modifikationen,
u. a. ZZ <131 000 Z/ml innerhalb 100d vor TS, zur Selektion von
KTV ohne Befund/mit Minor Pathogen, wurden ermittelt. Das beste
Modell zur Selektion der Trockenstellbehandlung (KTV ohne MH & ZZ
<200 000 Z/ml in den letzten 3 MLP) wies Metriken von AUC=0,74,
Accuracy=0,78, balanced Accuracy=0,63, Sensitivität=0,92 und Spezifität=0,33
auf.

Schlussfolgerungen ZZ, CMT und MH des EnB in Kombination erwiesen sich
unter den Bedingungen der vorliegenden Studie als geeignete Selektionskriterien.
Eine Herabsetzung der ZZ-Grenzen ist betriebsindividuell sinnvoll, wenn auf die
MBU verzichtet werden soll. Das beste Modell konnte den EnB nicht ersetzen.
Pflanzliche bäuerliche Hausmittel – Tradition mit
Praxisrelevanz
Authors: Schlittenlacher Theresa , Knubben-Schweizer Gabriela , Maeschli Ariane , Walkenhorst Michael
Published: May 2024

Ziel Die Herstellung von pflanzlichen bäuerlichen Hausmitteln wird seit
jeher von Tierhalter*innen in Eigenverantwortung praktiziert und sie finden auch
heute noch auf vielen landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben Verwendung im Alltag. Um
diese Praxis zu dokumentieren, wurde in den Jahren 2018–2021 eine
ethnoveterinärmedizinische Studie in Bayern durchgeführt.

Material und Methoden Die Landwirt*innen wurden vor Ort interviewt und die
berichteten Rezepturen detailliert dokumentiert und wo möglich auch im Rahmen
der Interviews hergestellt. Dabei wurden die eingesetzten Pflanzenteile mittels
einer Laborfeinwaage nachgewogen, um letztlich für möglichst viele dieser
tradierten Anwendungen eine Tagesdosis je Tier bzw. die Konzentration im
Endprodukt errechnen zu können.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden in den 77 Interviews 716 Rezepturen für 884
Anwendungen von den Landwirt*innen genannt. Zwei Drittel (69%) der genannten
Rezepturen bestanden aus einer oder mehreren Pflanzenarten und 31% befassten
sich mit anderen naturstofflichen Hausmitteln (Honig, Essig, etc.). Insgesamt
bevorzugten die befragten Landwirt*innen den Einsatz von Einzelpflanzen in ihren
Rezepturen. Die meisten Anwendungen wurden von den Teilnehmer*innen für Rinder
berichtet (77% aller Berichte).

Mit Abstand am häufigsten wurden diese traditionellen Hausmittel in den
bayerischen Ställen zur Prophylaxe und Verabreichung bei gastrointestinalen
Erkrankungen und metabolischen Störungen eingesetzt. Außerdem ergab sich eine
hohe Übereinstimmung der eingesetzten Pflanzenarten mit beschriebenen
Anwendungen aus 2 historischen Fachbüchern. Die Studienteilnehmer*innen setzten
ihre Hausmittel mit hoher Zufriedenheit ein.

Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Dieses tradierte und seit
Generationen weitergegebene Wissen zu pflanzlichen und damit wirkstoffhaltigen
Zubereitungen kann auch für die tierärztliche Praxis eine gute Ausgangsbasis für
eine phytotherapeutische Ergänzung zur Behandlung von Nutztieren sein. Arznei-
und futtermittelrechtliche Rahmenbedingungen müssen hierbei selbstverständlich
eingehalten werden.
Wie die Blutprobe des Rettungsdienstes die Aufklärungsquote des plötzlichen, unerwarteten (Herz-)Todes bei jungen Menschen erhöhen kann – eine Übersicht
Authors: Tiesmeier Jens , Persson Jan , Hinkelbein Jochen , Greulich Andrea , Gärtner Anna , Milting Hendrik
Published: May 2024

Die Hauptursachen für einen plötzlichen, nicht traumatischen und unerwarteten (Herz-)Tod (SCD) variieren mit dem Lebensalter. Dominiert, mit fließenden Übergängen, ab dem 35.–40. Lebensjahr die koronare Herzkrankheit, so sind dies bei jüngeren Menschen neben Myokarditiden und Intoxikationen auch arrhythmogene primäre Kardiomyopathien oder Ionenkanalerkrankungen. Ursächlich sind hier genetische Veränderungen, die durch eine molekulare Analyse in einer Vielzahl der Fälle nachgewiesen werden können. Bei außerklinischen Fällen eines SCD von jungen Menschen ist eine Blutprobe, entnommen durch den Rettungsdienst potenziell geeignet, Biomaterial für spätere Analysen sicherzustellen und die Aufklärungsquote genetischer Ursachen des außerklinischen SCD zu erhöhen. Dies erhält die Option für gezielte primär- oder sekundärprophylaktische Maßnahmen bei Überlebenden und/oder deren familiäres Umfeld.
Konsum von Partydrogen im Kölner Nachtleben – eine quantitative
Erhebung
Authors: Henning Denise , Pioch Fabian , Köhler Thorsten
Published: May 2024

Ziel der StudieDer Konsum psychoaktiver Substanzen in Deutschland ist
unter Partybesuchenden deutlich stärker verbreitet als in der
Allgemeinbevölkerung, jedoch lagen keine aktuellen Daten über die
Konsumhäufigkeit von Partydrogen im Kölner Nachtleben vor.

MethodikIm Rahmen dieser Studie wurde vor Ort auf Kölner Technopartys
(n=127) und online (n=726) bei Angehörigen der Technoszene der Drogenkonsum
mittels standardisierter Befragung untersucht.

Ergebnisse Beide Stichproben wiesen im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung
stark erhöhte Konsumprävalenzen bei den legalen Substanzen Alkohol und Nikotin,
sowie den illegalen „Partydrogen“ MDMA, Kokain, Ketamin, Amphetaminen und
weiteren Substanzen auf. Riskanter polyvalenter Konsum ist in der Szene weit
verbreitet.

Schlussfolgerung Die Konsumprävalenzen von Partydrogen in der viertgrößten
deutschen Stadt zeigen eine starke Verbreitung der Substanzen. Daher sollte
verstärkt durch Präventionsfachstellen auf mögliche neurologische Folgen des
Konsums bis hin zu Todesfällen durch Überdosierungen hingewiesen werden. Um
Konsumierende vor verunreinigten und hochdosierten Substanzen zu schützen,
sollten spezifische Präventions- und Drugchecking-Angebote eingerichtet
werden.
Neue Arzneimittel für Kleintiere 2023
Authors: Emmerich Ilka Ute
Published: May 2024

Im Jahr 2023 kamen für Kleintiere 2 neue Wirkstoffe auf den deutschen
Tierarzneimittelmarkt: das strukturelle, aber nicht funktionelle Analog des
hemmenden Botenstoffes Gamma-Aminobuttersäure Pregabalin mit anxiolytischer
Wirkkomponente und der Dopaminagonist Ropinirol als Augentropfen zum Auslösen
von Erbrechen. Zwei Wirkstoffe erhielten eine Tierartenerweiterung. Die
Phosphorverbindung Butafosfan wurde auch für Pferde, Hunde und Katzen und das
Mineral Natriumchlorid als isotonische Natriumchloridlösung auch für Kaninchen
und Meerschweinchen zugelassen. Des Weiteren kamen für Kleintiere auf den Markt:
ein Wirkstoff (Dexamethason) in einer neuen Darreichungsform, ein Wirkstoff
(Hydrocortisonaceponat) mit einer neuen Anwendungsart, ein Wirkstoff mit einem
neuen Wirkstoffgehalt (Firocoxib) und eine neue Wirkstoffkombination
(Gentamicin+Mometason+Posaconazol). Außerdem ist eine Wirkstoffkombination
(Diprophyllin+Heptaminol) wieder auf dem Markt für Kleintiere verfügbar.
Absorbable versus Nonabsorbable Sutures for Facial Skin Closure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical and Aesthetic Outcomes
Authors: Malhotra Kashish , Bondje Sophie , Sklavounos Alexandros , Mortada Hatan , Khajuria Ankur
Published: May 2024

When repairing facial wounds, it is crucial to possess a thorough understanding of suitable suture materials and their evidence base. The absence of high-quality and comprehensive systematic reviews poses challenges in making informed decisions. In this study, we conducted a review of the existing literature and assessed the quality of the current evidence pertaining to the clinical, aesthetic, and patient-reported outcomes associated with absorbable and nonabsorbable sutures for facial skin closure.

The study was registered on Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. We conducted searches on Embase, Ovid, and PubMed/MEDLINE databases. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were eligible for inclusion in this study. Additionally, the risk of bias in the randomized studies was assessed using Cochrane's Risk of Bias Tool.

The study included a total of nine RCTs involving 804 participants with facial injuries. Among these injuries, absorbable sutures were utilized in 50.2% (403 injuries), while nonabsorbable sutures were employed in 49.8% (401 injuries). The analysis of cosmesis scales revealed no statistically significant difference between absorbable and nonabsorbable sutures regarding infections (p = 0.72), visual analog scale (p = 0.69), wound dehiscence (p = 0.08), and scarring (p = 0.46). The quality of the included studies was determined to have a low risk of bias.

Absorbable sutures can be considered a suitable alternative to nonabsorbable sutures, as they demonstrate comparable aesthetic and clinical outcomes. Future high-quality studies with a level I evidence design and cost-effectiveness analysis are necessary to enhance clinician–patient shared decision-making and optimize the selection of suture materials.

Level of evidence is I, risk/prognostic study.
Early Predictors of Remission in Acromegaly Patients after Pure Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery
Authors: Cetinalp Nuri Eralp , Akkus Gamze , Seydaoglu Gulsah , Ozsoy Kerem Mazhar , Akbaba Mevlana , Baykara Okay , Oktay Kadir , Erman Tahsin
Published: May 2024

Objective Surgery is the first-line treatment in acromegaly but it takes months to confirm remission. It is crucial to determine remission early in order to inform the patient and plan further treatment options. We aimed to evaluate the predictors of remission at the early phase after endoscopic endonasal pituitary surgery in acromegaly patients.

Methods Fifty-four growth hormone (GH)-adenoma patients operated via pure endoscopic endonasal approach were analyzed in this observational study. We compared the basic clinical, radiological characteristics, and the preoperative and postoperative hormone levels in terms of remission according to current guidelines.

Results The surgical remission rate was 61.1%. When the patients were compared according to surgical remission, the age, gender, and immunohistochemical granulation type were found to be nonsignificant, while diabetes mellitus was more common (55.6 vs. 44.4%). The preoperative tumor volume (1.2 ± 0.9 vs. 4.1 ± 4.2 cm3) and postoperative GH and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels were higher in the nonremission group (p < 0.05). We defined a number of cut-off values of both GH and IGF-1 levels to predict remission at the postoperative phase. Age standardized regression analyses showed that postoperative day 1 (POD-1) GH levels (odds ratio [OR]: 8.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.99–40.0, p = 0.004) and tumor volume (OR: 3.14; 95% CI: 1.09–9.0, p = 0.034) were found to be significant independent predictors for remission.

Conclusion We demonstrated that tumor volume and POD-1 GH levels are independent predictors of remission in acromegaly patients operated via the pure endoscopic endonasal technique and may be used as an early marker of remission, and this may lead to taking adjuvant medical therapies early into account to improve prognosis.
Manejo de fractura de platillo tibial medial utilizando placas rim anteromedial y posteromedial
Authors: Franulic Nicolás , Pineda Tomás , Valiente Diego , Laso José , Gaggero Nicolás
Published: May 2024

Introducción En los últimos años, se ha descrito el uso de placas horizontales para la fijación de fracturas que comprometen el reborde articular de los platillos tibiales, lo que se conoce como placa rim. La mayoría de las publicaciones al respecto describen su uso en columnas posteriores y posterolaterales de los platillos tibiales, y a la fecha hay escasos reportes del uso de este tipo de placa en la columna anteromedial y ninguno para la posteromedial. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar dos casos clínicos de fracturas conminutas del platillo tibial medial mostrando su tratamiento con el uso de placas rim.

Casos Clínicos El primer caso presentaba compromiso anteromedial y posteromedial, y el segundo, compromiso posteromedial. En ambos casos, se logró la reducción mediante un abordaje posteromedial y su fijación con placa bloqueada de 2,7 mm como placa rim. En cada caso, se detalló la estrategia de reducción y el manejo postoperatorio.

Resultados Ambos pacientes consiguieron la consolidación ósea entre las semanas 14 y 18 tras la osteosíntesis definitiva, sin presentar pérdidas de reducción. Ambos lograron rango de movilidad articular completo (0°–125°), y retornaron a sus trabajos a los 4 y 6 meses respectivamente.

Conclusiones Estas placas ofrecen una buena opción de tratamiento para fracturas articulares conminutas del borde del platillo tibial, tanto en la columna anteromedial como en la posteromedial. A pesar de la ausencia de grandes series de pacientes con uso de placas rim mediales, el resultado de los casos presentados aquí nos permite plantear su utilidad al momento de enfrentarnos a fracturas del reborde articular.

Nivel de evidencia V.
Year in Review: Synopsis of Selected Articles in Neuroanesthesia and Neurocritical Care from 2023
Authors: Hayes Sarah J. , Nijs Kristof , Venkatraghavan Lashmi
Published: May 2024

This review is a synopsis of selected articles from neuroscience, neuroanesthesia, and neurocritical care from 2023 (January–November 2023). The journals reviewed include anesthesia journals, critical care medicine journals, neurosurgical journals as well as high-impact medical journals such as the Lancet, Journal of American Medical Association, New England Journal of Medicine, and Stroke. The summary of important articles will serve to update the knowledge of neuroanesthesiologists and other perioperative physicians who provide care to neurosurgical and neurocritical patients.
The Effects of Ultrasonic Scaling and Air-Abrasive Powders on the Topography of Implant Surfaces: Scanning Electron Analysis and In Vitro Study
Authors: Gianfreda Francesco , Marenzi Gaetano , Nicolai Eleonora , Muzzi Maurizio , Bari Monica , Bernardini Sergio , Adamo Daniela , Miniello Alessandra , Sammartino Gilberto , Bollero Patrizio
Published: May 2024

Objectives This in vitro study aimed to investigate the impact of bicarbonate air-abrasive powders and ultrasonic scaling with stainless steel tips on the micro- and nanotopography and roughness of three different implant–abutment junction titanium surfaces.

Materials and Methods Three types of sterile and decontaminated titanium surfaces (RS, UTM, XA) were used for analysis. Nine disks per surface type were subjected to micro- and nanotopography analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), roughness analysis, and fibroblast cultivation. Ultrasonic debridement and air polishing were performed on the surfaces. Human dermal fibroblasts were cultured on the surfaces for 5 days.

Statistical Analysis Data analysis adhered to ISO 25178 standards for surface texture assessment. SEM micrographs were used to reconstruct areas for extracting roughness parameters. Excel and Mex 6.0 software were utilized for quantitative and stereoscopic analysis.

Results The study found varying effects on surface roughness posttreatment. RS Disco samples exhibited higher surface roughness compared with UTM and XA samples, both in average and nanoscale roughness. Decontamination led to increased surface roughness for all samples, particularly RS Disco. Fibroblast growth tests revealed enhanced cell network formation on decontaminated discs, possibly due to increased nanoscale roughness or the presence of bicarbonate salts.

Conclusion The study underscores the complex interplay between surface topography, microbial biofilm, and treatment efficacy in peri-implant disease management. While smoother surfaces may resist biofilm accumulation, increased nanoscale roughness postdecontamination can enhance fibroblast attachment and soft tissue integration. This dichotomy highlights the need for tailored treatment protocols that consider material-specific factors, emphasizing that successful implant therapy should balance microbial control with conducive surface characteristics for long-term osseointegration and soft tissue stability.
Effects of Capsaicin on Migration and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity of Dental Pulp Cells
Authors: Khonglim Kittipot , Chuenjitkuntaworn Boontharika , Tamura Yukihiko , Fuangtharnthip Pornpoj
Published: May 2024

Objectives Dental pulp, a specialized mesenchymal tissue within teeth, is pivotal in dental health and tissue repair. Capsaicin, the primary pungent component of chili peppers, is known for its diverse pharmacological properties. While capsaicin's effects on various cell types have been studied, its impact on dental pulp cells remains relatively unexplored. This study investigated the influence of pure capsaicin extract on dental pulp cell behavior, focusing on cell viability, proliferation, migration, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity.

Materials and Methods Capsaicin solution was prepared and diluted to various concentrations (1 nM, 0.01 µM, 0.1 µM, 1 µM, 10 µM, and 100 µM), then was tested on rat dental pulp cells (RPC-C2A). Cell viability and proliferation were assessed using the MTT assay. Boyden chamber tests and wound healing were used for evaluating cell migration. The activity of ALP was determined to show cell function during dental pulp repair.

Statistical Analysis The data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance or an independent-sample Kruskal–Wallis, followed by multiple comparison tests.

Results Capsaicin of 100 µM exhibited cytotoxicity, whereas those with lower concentrations stimulated cell proliferation. Wound healing assays revealed increased cell migration, particularly when cultured with 1 nM capsaicin (p = 0.002). Boyden chamber assays demonstrated enhanced cell invasion without statistical significance. ALP activity of dental pulp cells increased significantly at 1 nM (p < 0.001) and 1 µM (p = 0.021) capsaicin concentrations, indicating potential dentinogenesis and pulp repair.

Conclusion Capsaicin of lower concentrations, less than 10 µM, is likely to promote proliferation, migration, and ALP activity of dental pulp cells. Our findings offer potential applications for capsaicin as a medication for dental pulp repair.
Influence of Different Apical Foramen Morphologies on the Accuracy of Four Electronic Foramen Locators
Authors: Furlan Renan D. , Alcalde Murilo P. , Vivan Rodrigo R. , Klymus Michel E. , Limoeiro Ana G.S. , Duarte Marco A.H. , de Vasconcelos Bruno C.
Published: May 2024

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the Root ZX II (RZX), Raypex 6 (RAY), EPex Pro (EPEX), and CanalPro (CNP) electronic foramen locators (EFLs) in different foraminal morphologies (fully formed foramen, immature foramen with parallel walls, and immature foramen with divergent walls); this article also evaluated the influence of different penetration levels (0.0 mm and −1.0 mm).

Materials and Methods Thirty single-rooted human premolars were accessed and had their cervical/middle thirds prepared with SX ProTaper files. The apical foramens (AF) were standardized to 250 µm and the initial root canal length (RCL1) was measured under 16x magnification with aid of a digital caliper. Using the alginate model, electronic measurements (EM) were taken 1.0 mm up to AF (EM1/-1) and at AF (EM1/0), always using adjusted hand K-files. The root apexes were then cross-sectioned 3.0 mm from the foramen; then, new RCL (RCL2) and electronic measurements were performed (EM2/-1 and EM2/0.0). Finally, retropreparations were performed with instruments SX ProTaper files introduced 4.0 mm in the apicocervical direction. Then new RCL (RCL3) and electronic measurements (EM3/-1 and EM3/0) were performed.

Statistical Analysis Values were tabulated and tested for normality using the Shapiro–Wilk test, which yielded nonparametric distributions of the data. Data were subjected to the Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests to estimate possible differences between devices as a function of foramen morphology and/or apical limit. The significance level was set at 5.0%.

Results In general, the EFLs were accurate in determining the RCL. Statistically significant differences were observed between EPEX and RAY at 0.0, when measuring the divergent AF canals (p < 0.05). Regarding the different foramen morphologies in each EFL, RZX and EPEX showed no interference (p > 0.05), whereas RAY and CNP had lower accuracy levels at 0.0 with divergent AF (p < 0.05).

Conclusion The four devices evaluated are accurate to determine the RCL in the conditions tested. The apical limit of penetration did not have significant influence on their accuracy. Conversely, the presence of divergence in the AF walls negatively influenced de RAY and CNP precisions at the foraminal level.
Postimplantation Syndrome after Traumatic Internal Carotid Artery Pseudoaneurysm Repair with Stent
Authors: Romanelli Antonio , Langone Antonella , Vicinanza Veronica , Gammaldi Renato
Published: May 2024

Endovascular repair of traumatic internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm (TICAP) with covered stents represents a safe treatment with few complications. However, the presence of foreign material used to treat TICAP and blood clots in the excluded pseudoaneurysms can trigger an acute systemic inflammatory response syndrome called postimplantation syndrome (PIS). To the best of our knowledge, PIS is described only after abdominal aortic endovascular aneurysm repair. Here, we report the case of PIS in a young, healthy, polytraumatized female patient with TICAP treated with endovascular covered stent.
Analgesic Efficacy of Thoracolumbar Interfascial Plane Block versus Standard Care in Patients Undergoing Lumbar Spinal Surgeries—A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Saini Suman , Sharma Ananya , Gupta Anju , Mankotia Dipankar S. , Boruah Tankeswar
Published: May 2024

Background Patients who undergo spine surgery often experience severe pain postoperatively. Multimodal analgesia inclusive of a regional block provides optimal pain relief. Thoracolumbar interfascial plane (TLIP) block may provide promising analgesia in these patients.

Materials Fifty consenting adults aged between 18 and 60 years undergoing elective lumbar spinal surgeries under balanced general anesthesia were divided into two equal groups (group T: received bilateral TLIP block, and group C: received conventional opioid analgesia). All the patients were taken care of by an independent anesthesiologist unaware of the study protocol in the postanesthesia care unit. The postoperative pain was assessed by visual analog scale (VAS). Time to first rescue analgesia, total morphine consumption, complications, and patient satisfaction were also recorded.

Results Postoperative mean VAS scores till 12 hours were significantly higher in the control group. The mean time to the first analgesic requirement among group T and group C patients was 404.4 ± 25.1 and 150.2 ± 12.4 minutes, respectively (p < 0.001). Morphine consumptions in 24 hours were also significantly higher in group C (3.36 ± 1.04 vs. 7.84 ± 1.43; p < 0.001). Mean intraoperative fentanyl consumption was significantly more in group C (122.4 ± 16.4 µg and 140.4 ± 21.7 µg; p = 0.001). Complications were similar in both groups. However, patient satisfaction was significantly higher in group T (p < 0.001).

Conclusion TLIP block provided superior analgesia, decreased opioid consumption, and improved patient satisfaction as compared with patients receiving standard general anesthesia with opioid analgesics. Hence, TLIP block could be a component of multimodal analgesia in patients undergoing lumbar spine surgeries.

CTRI No.: CTRI/2021/03/031682
Incidence of Complications in Obese Patients Undergoing Elective Spine Surgery Under General Anesthesia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Boonsombat Thanachporn , Akavipat Phuping , Suchartwatnachai Pathomporn , Sookplung Pimwan , Eiamcharoenwit Jatuporn , Chotisukarat Haruthai
Published: May 2024

Background The prevalence of obesity has been increasing worldwide. Simultaneously, the number of obese patients undergoing anesthesia and the risk of anesthesia-related complications are increasing. Our study aimed to identify the incidence of intraoperative anesthetic complications in obese patients undergoing elective spine surgery.

Methods Electronic medical records of patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 who underwent elective spine surgery at the Neurological Institute of Thailand between January 2018 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcome was the incidence of five anesthetic adverse events: difficult intubation, oxygen desaturation, hypotension, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), and pressure skin lesions. Logistic regression was used for statistical analysis.

Results A total of 165 obese patients' medical records were analyzed. Their mean age was 56.8 ± 11.9 years, and median BMI (interquartile range) was 32.04 kg/m2 (31.11–34.69 kg/m2). Fifty-one patients (30.9%) experienced adverse events. Six patients (3.6%) with class 3 obesity had anesthetic complications. The most common adverse event was intraoperative hypotension (26.7%), followed by pressure skin lesions (4.2%), intraoperative oxygen desaturation (1.2%), and MACCE (0.6%). No difficult intubations or deaths occurred.

Conclusion The incidence of overall intraoperative anesthetic complications in obese patients undergoing spine surgery was 30.9%, and class 3 obesity was an independent risk factor for these complications. Consequently, well-trained, vigilant, and experienced anesthesiologists should manage anesthesia in these patients.
Sexual dimorphism and reproductive biology of commercially harvested oriental rat snakes (Ptyas mucosa: Colubridae) from West Java
Authors: Hamidy Amir , Arida Evy , Maireda Noor Laina , Herlambang Alamsyah Elang Nusa , Riyanto Awal , Mumpuni  , Shine Richard , Natusch Daniel J. D.
Published: May 2024

Large (>3 m) slender-bodied rat snakes are abundant in agroecosystems of southern Asia and are heavily exploited for their skins and meat. We examined 216 specimens killed at commercial facilities in Cirebon, West Java, to quantify morphological and reproductive traits and evaluate harvest sustainability by comparing this sample to one taken 25 years previously. The snakes we examined were mostly adults, and mostly male. Females were less heavy-bodied than males of the same body length, matured at a larger size than males, but attained smaller maximum sizes. Reproduction and energy (fatbody) storage was seasonal in both sexes, with females containing oviductal eggs primarily during the annual wet season. Clutch size averaged 12.6 eggs and increased with maternal body size. Comparison of the two samples taken 25 years apart revealed strong similarity in sex ratio, the numerical preponderance of adults, body sizes at sexual maturation and mean adult body sizes, sexual dimorphism in body length and mass, reproductive seasonality in females, mean fecundity, and the relationship between fecundity and maternal body size. That consistency suggests that commercial harvesting over the intervening period has not affected the biological traits of rat snake populations, consistent with a sustainable level of offtake.
Air pollution mortality from India’s coal power plants: unit-level estimates for targeted policy
Authors: Singh Kirat , Peshin Tapas , Sengupta Shayak , Thakrar Sumil K , Tessum Christopher W , Hill Jason D , Azevedo Inês M L , Luby Stephen P
Published: May 2024

Air pollution from coal-fired electricity generation is an important cause of premature mortality in India. Although pollution-related mortality from the sector has been extensively studied, the relative contribution of individual coal-fired units to the fleet-wide mortality burden remains unclear. Here, we find that emissions from a small number of units drive overall mortality. Units producing just 3.5% of total generation and constituting less than 3% of total capacity result in 25% of annual premature mortality from coal-fired generation. This is a direct consequence of the 200-fold variation that we find in the mortality intensity of electricity generation across units. We use a detailed emissions inventory, a reduced complexity air quality model, and non-linear PM2.5 concentration-response functions to estimate marginal premature mortality for over 500 units operational in 2019. Absolute annual mortality ranges from less than 1 to over 650 deaths/year across units, and the mortality intensity of generation varies from under 0.002 to 0.43 deaths/GWh. Our findings suggest the potential for large social benefits in the form of reduced PM2.5-related premature mortality in India if the highest mortality intensity units are prioritized for the implementation of pollution control technologies or accelerated retirement.
Synthesis and characterisation of Cu2Ge, a new two-dimensional Dirac nodal line semimetal
Authors: Cameau Mathis , Olszowska Natalia , Rosmus Marcin , Silly Mathieu G , Cren Tristan , Malecot Axel , David Pascal , D’angelo Marie
Published: May 2024

Dirac nodal line (DNL) semimetals are a novel class of topological materials in which the valence and conduction bands touch along lines in the reciprocal space, with linear dispersion. These materials attract a growing attention, but the experimental realizations for two-dimensional systems are sparse. This article reports the first experimental realization of a two-dimensional hexagonal monolayer Cu2Ge, grown by evaporation of Ge on a Cu(111) substrate. Through a combination of low-energy electron diffraction XPS and ARPES measurements, it is shown that the surface presents all characteristics expected from calculations for a free-standing Cu2Ge monolayer. More specifically, the preservation of the two concentric nodal lines around the Γ point indicates weak interactions between the Cu2Ge surface and its Cu(111) substrate, making it an ideal system for the study of DNL materials.
Visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of doxycycline using TiO2/g-C3N4/biochar catalyst
Authors: Van Hung Nguyen , Nguyet Bui Thi Minh , Bich Nguyen Ngọc , Luon Nguyen Minh , Dao Ngoc Nhiem , Kien Nguyen Trung , Le Van Thanh Son , Tuoi Nguyen Thanh , Khieu Dinh Quang
Published: May 2024

TiO2/g-C3N4/biochar (TCNBC) catalysts were prepared by the hydrolysis method for the photocatalytic degradation of doxycycline antibiotic (DC), with biochar obtained from the pyrolysis of Phragmites australis. The catalysts were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDX), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS) and nitrogen adsorption/desorption. The photocatalytic activity results showed that the TCNBC catalyst exhibited higher catalytic activity than pure TiO2 or g-C3N4. Its peak catalytic activity, achieving a decomposition efficiency of 91.93% and a mineralization efficiency of 81.50%, can be attributed to the synergistic effect of biochar, TiO2, and g-C3N4. Even after four cycles of use, the catalyst still maintained relatively high activity for the degradation of DC. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of TCNBC decreased from 91.93% to 86.30% after four recycling events.
Synthesis of Fe-doped ZnO/biochar nanocomposites for acid orange 7 photodegradation and antibacterial activity under visible light region
Authors: Nhu Nguyen Thi Huynh , Nguyet Bui Thi Minh , Bich Nguyen Ngoc , Khieu Dinh Quang , Van Hung Nguyen
Published: May 2024

In the present study, different molar ratios of Fe-doped ZnO/biochar (FZBC) were synthesized using a coprecipitation method. ZnO nanoparticles with a size of approximately 30 nm were well dispersed on the biochar matrix. The bandgap energy decreases from 3.11 to 3.08 eV as the Fe-ion concentration increases from 1 to 7 mol%. Photocatalytic studies demonstrated that FZBC exhibited photodegradation toward acid orange 7 (AO7). FZBC exhibited a photodegradation efficiency of AO7 at a concentration of 10 mg. L−1 (93.17%), which was nine times greater than that of pure ZnO (10.30%). Furthermore, the FZBC materials also demonstrated effective inactivation of E. coli, with an antibacterial rate reaching 98%. Overall, these materials are expected to be cost-effective and suitable for photocatalytic degradation and antibacterial activities.