bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Farmer’s response to high yielding rice varieties in South Sulawesi (case study of Takalar)
Authors: Muslimin  , Halil Warda , Dewayani Wanti
Published: June 2020

The use of high yielding rice varieties is one of the determinants in the success of rice cultivation. Through the use of high yielding rice varieties and appropriate cultivation techniques, it is expected to increase national rice production. The government has made various efforts to develop new s high yielding rice varieties of rice. One thing that has been done is to increase farmers’ knowledge and understanding of various new high yielding rice varieties through the Field School. This activity is carried out to support the acceleration of the adoption of new high yielding rice of technological innovations at the farm level. The assessment was carried out in 2018, in Cakura District, Polongbangkeng Selatan District, Takalar Regency using a survey method with direct interviews using a structured questionnaire. Sampling was done intentionally (purposive). The number of respondents 25 people consisting of implementing farmers and officers in the field. The data obtained is the response data of farmers to some high yielding rice varieties, the data were analyzed using the chi-square test using SPSS Non parametric. The study results show that, in general, farmers like high yielding rice varieties of inpari 4, inpari 41 and inpari 42 with an average production of 5-7 t / ha, compared with local rice production using local varieties on average 3-5 t / ha. The highest variety and preferred by farmers are inpari 4. Inpari 4, Inpari 41 and Inpari 42 have an R / C ratio: 1, 28; 1.16 and 1.16 so that the use of these three varieties in rice business in Takalar Regency is feasible to be cultivated.
Economic analysis of captivity maize hybrid supporting food self-sufficiency in South Sulawesi
Authors: Sarintang  , Muslimin  , Faisal Suddin Andi
Published: June 2020

Strategies adopted in the effort to achieve food self-sufficiency is through the provision of quality seeds of new high-yielding varieties in accordance with farmers’ preferences. The availability of quality seeds in sufficient quantities, on time and easily obtained by farmers plays an important role. Farmers often experience significant losses, both in terms of cost and time, due to the use of low quality seeds. Therefore, although plant growth and production is greatly influenced by climatic conditions and farming practices, it is important to remember the importance of quality selection seeds to be used. Propagation of corn starts from the provision of seed types 1) Breeder Seed (BS) 2) Foundation seed (FS), 3) Stock seed (SS) dan 4) Extension seed (ES). Continuity of the seed multiplication plot is very influential on the availability of seed sources in accordance with needs seed producers / breeders and determine the process of seed dispersal production. The smooth flow of seed propagation also greatly determines the speed of spread of new high yielding varieties. In a financial analysis study on corn breeding farming that has been carried out in Bantaeng Regency, South Sulawesi, it shows that farming in one planting season can get a profit of IRD 37.975.000,00. Circumstances where deep farming operation does not make a profit and does not suffer losses if it is able to produce seed as much as 678 kg While the payback period for investment / PBP (Pay Back Period) is 0,95. Therefore, hybrid maize farming is said to be very feasible where each using a cost of IRD. 1, - or one rupiah can get a benefit of IRD. 2,54
Benefits of farmers’ cooperative to rice farming activity: case of Subak’s cooperative in Guama, Tabanan District, Bali province
Authors: Sedana Gede
Published: June 2020

Food security is one of the issues in the countries including Indonesia. The increased productivity should be taken by farmers through the application of technologies recommended. Technologies practices could be managed under the farmers’ cooperative, such assubak’scooperative in Bali. The purpose of the study is to describe the farmers’ participation in supporting cooperative activities. Cooperative could be a fundamental tool or a pillar of agricultural development to attain food security at farmer level. Farmers as members of cooperative have high participation in supporting cooperative to make products or business activities.Subak’scooperative of Guama could respond to the market demand for production (certified seed) and the needs of farmers on agricultural inputs. Farmers get benefit from the business activity of cooperative in the forms of inputs supply (fertilizer, pesticide, etc.), credit or loan provision; and collective marketing. Cooperative has been successful in providing a profit share to members aside from support the food security through the increased productivity.
Effect of delayed cob drying on maize (Zea mays L.) seed vigor
Authors: Koes Fauziah , Arief Ramlah
Published: June 2020

Maize seed vigor was affected by its processing stage. The process must be continue from one stage to another. Delayed one stage in seed processing will affect its vigor. The research aims to study effect of delayed cob drying to maize seed vigor. The research was carried out in Bajeng Experimental Farm and seed laboratory of Indonesian Cereal Research Institute, from February 2018 until April 2019. Bisma and Provit A1 of OPV was used and after harvest, the unhusk cob were store in the processing warehouse and treated by, 0 (immediately drying), 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 days delayed drying. After drying, seeds were store in the room temperature (26-32°C) for one year with observation period every two months. The treatments were arranged using completely randomized design with three factors; varieties, duration of delayed cob drying, and duration of seeds store. Observation were recorded data of seed moisture content, germination, germination rate dry weight, root and shoot length, root and shoot dry weight, electrical conductivity of seed soaking water. The results showed that delayed cob drying significantly affect its seed moisture content, germination percentage, germination rate, root length, shoot length, electrical conductivity of seed soaking water. Delayed cob drying until 24 days were significantly decrease its seed moisture content by 17.5% on Bisma and decreased 17.6% on Provit A1. Delayed cob drying until 12 days could maintain high vigor seeds in term of conductivity leakage value which lower than 25 μS cm−1g−1.
Total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and tyrosinase inhibitor from marine red algae extract collected from Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Nursid M , Khatulistiani T S , Noviendri D , Hapsari F , Hardiyati T
Published: June 2020

Many commercialized synthetic antioxidants are used under strict regulations in certain countries because of their potential health hazards. Thus, the search for alternative antioxidants from natural products Indonesia is needed, and one of the potential material is from seaweed extract. Red seaweed is very potential to be developed as a raw material for medicines and cosmetics because it has antioxidant activity, which from its phenolic compound that can remove the free radicals and can inhibit tyrosinase enzyme activity. The purpose of this research is to know the species of red seaweed in the East Nusa Tenggara sea, its total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and also inhibitory activity of tyrosinase in red seaweed. conduct the research. Parameters that measured are the number of total phenolic compounds, IC50 that obtain from the DPPH test, and inhibition percentage of Tyrosinase. The result shows that there are ten species of red algae in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, and it consists of 4 genera. Some of that red seaweed species are potential as antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitors source. The result from total phenolic content analysis show the species that have highest total phenolic content is Laurencia sp. (24.97 mg GAE.g-1), the antioxidant activity test show the species that have highest antioxidant activity is Gelidium latifolium (46.68%), and the species that have the highest percentage inhibition of tyrosinase enzyme is Gracillaria foliifera (25.21%). Moreover, the research also shows a strong correlation between the total phenolic content of the seaweed extract with antioxidant activity.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 18 Jun 2020 to correct the title and an author name.
Species composition of puerulus spiny lobsters from the South Sea of Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Setyanto A , Kamila F N , Soemarno  , Wiadnya DGR , Prayogo C
Published: June 2020

Species diversity is prevalent throughout Indonesia’s Coral Triangle areas. A fisheries management area has been set over its archipelagic waters ensuring the sustainability of the resources. Six species spiny lobster of Panulirus are known to live in Indonesia archipelagic waters. They have a significant contribution to the country. A study on the distribution variation of the marine organisms through the life phase in space and time is critical information for its management. Therefore, a similar study was conducted for the lobster population along the South Sea of Java of Eastern Indian Ocean. The purpose of this activity was to develop formulations to protect ecosystems and conserve lobster resources. Distribution of pueruli larvae of spiny lobster of Panulirus species was surveyed in Banyuwangi, East Java from February to March 2019. The number of pueruli larvae caught were counted and compared among the species. Data analysis was executed using the ANOVA test. There were four species of lobsters found. Dominant species were Panulirus homarus (Scalloped spiny lobster), P. pennicillatus (Pronghorn spiny lobster), P. versicolor (Painted spiny lobster) and P. ornatus (Ornate spiny lobster). Life history distribution of the species may support connectivity hypotheses of the lobster population in the region.
Detection of gelatin in ice cream using QCM sensor
Authors: Muharramah A , Permata L M , Juwono H , Sugiarso R D , Kurniawan F
Published: June 2020

Gelatin in ice cream samples has been successfully identified using Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) sensors. The sensor was prepared by polyaniline and nickel nanoparticles modification. The modification was deposited on the surface of QCM gold electrode using layer by layer (LbL) method. Performance of the sensor was investigated for gelatin determination in the homemade ice cream samples. The homemade ice cream was made with and without porcine or bovine gelatins addition. The experiments were performed in various concentration of the ice cream (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm) at pH 9. The measurement was compared to the standard of porcine and bovine gelatins. The results showed that the sensor can be identified gelatin in ice cream samples. Frequency shift of ice cream that contained porcine gelatin was appeared as positive value, whereas a negative shift value was occurred for ice cream that contained bovine gelatin.
Effect of incubation time and pH on the protein characterization of the aqueous soluble phase of acidified mackerel by-product
Authors: Setijawati D , Aziz Jaziri A , Yufidasari H S , Pratomo M D , Wardani D W , Ersyah D
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the protein content from aqueous soluble phase (ASP) of mackerel by-product with a variation of time and pH. Mackerel by-product was hydrolyzed by different incubation time (0, 15, 30, and 45 h) and pH (3.2, 4.2, 5.2, and 6.2) to produce ASP. The study conducted on a completely randomized design (CRD) followed by the Tukey test. The different incubation times and pH showed a significant effect (P<0.05) on yield, crude protein, and soluble protein of ASP. The pH and yield values of ASP in the range of 4.1 to 6.3 and 11.16% to 30.69%, respectively. The crude protein and soluble protein content ranged from 1.28% to 3.27 %, and 0.98 g/L to 2.1 g/L, respectively. The highest yield and crude protein of ASP was under pH 3.2 for 15 h. The amino acid analysis showed that several amino acids were detected in considerable amounts in the ASP. This study indicated that the ASP of mackerel by-product could be a potential material of fish peptone for bacterial growth media.
Mercury concentrations in Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) from Bitung Fish Auction Market, North Sulawesi
Authors: Agustina L M , Sartimbul A , Suratno
Published: June 2020

Mercury is one of the heavy metals which rapidly accumulated into fish muscles. Accumulated mercury in the body of fish came from a polluted environment and their prey. Consuming fish infected with high-concentrated mercury could endanger human health. The purpose of this study was to observe the concentration of mercury in Yellowfin Tuna and Indian Mackerel samples from Bitung Fish Auction Market, North Sulawesi. Samples were divided into two categories, fillet and frozen fillet for Yellowfin Tuna’s samples, fillet and whole fish for Indian Mackerel’s samples. Mercury in samples was analyzed in Toxicology Laboratorium at Research Centre for Oceanography Indonesian Institute of Sciences (RCO-IIS) using Mercury Analyzer model MA-3000. The results showed that mercury concentrations in Yellowfin Tuna’s samples were 67.54 μg/kg and 737.84 μg/kg for fillet and frozen fillet, respectively. Meanwhile, mercury concentrations in Indian Mackerel fillet and whole fish samples were 146.35 μg/kg and 38.35 μg/kg, respectively. The mercury concentrations in the samples complied with SNI 7387-2009 and BPOM No. 23 – 2017 mercury standards.
Design innovation of fish cooling system using liquefied petroleum gas fuel
Authors: Kadhafi M , Sunardi  , Nurdiani R , Baidowi A , Wardhana E M
Published: June 2020

Fresh fish is known as one of the highly perishable foods. Losses in the primary fish harbor and seafood production are significant, with discarding rates between 9-15%, and more losses occur during fresh fish distribution. This research was an effort to provide better fresh fish distribution equipment using a refrigerator cooling system with Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) fuel generator as a power source. LPG was chosen because it is more economical and profitable than gasoline. Based on fuel consumption, LPC was40.71% lower than premium gasoline, 62.63% lower than pertamax gasoline, and 64.85% lower than pertamax plus gasoline. The calculation of refrigeration heat load was carried out by applying heat transfer theory. Since the refrigeration heat load obtained was 310 Watt, then the type and capacity of the generator was easily determined.
Properties of high-quality hydrolysate prepared from mudskipper (Periophthalmus freycinetii)
Authors: Nurdiani R , Yulia M R , Prihanto A A
Published: June 2020

Mudskipper (Periophthalmus freycinetii), an amphibious fish, lives in tidal areas and is known for its ability to climb, walk and skip about out of water. It contains high protein and taurine and exhibit unique adaptation to extreme environment. Despite its potential, mudskipper is still underutilized. The aim of this research was to examine the biochemical properties and antioxidant activity of mudskipper hydrolysate. The mudskipper was hydrolyzed using endogenous enzymes under different pH (control, 5, 7, 9) and hydrolysis duration (12 and 24 hours). Hydrolysates were characterized with respect to ash, moisture, fat and protein content as well as the yield and amino acid composition. Antioxidant activity of mudskipper hydrolysate was tested using DPPH. pH 9 and 24h hydrolysis duration gave the highest yields (80.48%), degree of hydrolysis (DH) (37.22%) and protein content (52.63%). High antioxidant activity (56.12%) was also observed. The molecular weight of hydrolysate ranged from 12.55 – 117.73kDa. The hydrolysate contained 35.31% essential amino acid and 63.63% non-essential amino acids which may relate to its functional and bioactive properties. The results suggested that underutilized fish has potency as source of high-quality hydrolysate.
Effect of phosphoric acid concentration on physicochemical properties of Abalistes stellaris skin gelatin
Authors: Jaziri A A , Muyasyaroh H , Firdaus M
Published: June 2020

Due to halal and health issues, the fish by-product (waste) is one of the best sources to substitute land animal gelatin. Abalistes stellaris has a hard texture in skins and known as leather jacket fish species. Moreover, its skins obtained as wastes in smoked fish processing and have not been utilized. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the physicochemical properties of gelatin extracted from A. stellaris skins at a different phosphoric acid concentration (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 M). This study conducted by a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications, followed by Duncan’s post-hoc test. The different pre-treatment of phosphoric acid concentrations showed significant differences (P<0.05) on yield, pH, chemical composition (moisture, protein, fat, and ash), gel strength, gelling, and melting points of A. stellaris skins gelatin. Only the viscosity parameter and an ash content of gelatin did not show a significant effect (P>0.05). The yield of A. stellaris skins gelatin ranged from 9.48% to 10.87%. The protein, moisture, fat, and ash content of skins gelatin ranged 74.55-81.41, 8.62-12.40, 0.43-0.73, and 1,48-1,79 (dry weight basis), respectively. Also, the gel strength and viscosity of skins gelatin were in the range of 1.28 N to 2.45 N and 3.83 cP to 4.21 cP. The amino acid composition of A. stellaris skins gelatin was rich in glycine, proline, alanine, and glutamic acid.
Marketing mix development analysis of preserved tongkol (Euthynnes affinis) on customer satisfaction in Malang, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Intyas C A , Primyastanto M
Published: June 2020

Knowledge on consumer awareness can offer some marketing recommendations. Various factors of interpretation and expectation can influence the complexity to fulfill daily needs. Consumer behavior in purchasing will reflect their response to product, price, promotion, place, and people. Examining consumer behavior will assist in product development, pricing, distribution, promotion, and improving the quality of market. This research was aimed to investigate: 1) the expectations and perceptions of consumers, 2) the impact of each marketing mix indicator of consumer satisfaction, and 3) the dominant marketing mix variables. The consumer expectations of quality standards of preserved tongkol fish were described based on the color, appearance, shape, temperature, texture, flavor, ripeness, and taste of preserved tongkol. The results showed that marketing mix influenced about 61.4% of customer satisfaction on preserved tongkol fish (Euthynnus sp) in Malang. Partially marketing mix that includes product, promotion, place, and people significantly influenced the consumer satisfaction. The most dominant marketing mix in consumer satisfaction was a product.
Using BIM for Assessing Buildings Life Cycle Impacts
Authors: Alecrim I , Carvalho J P , Bragança L , Mateus R
Published: June 2020

Facing the recent implementation of the Building Information Modelling (BIM) process in the construction industry, several potentialities have not been fully explored yet. Among them, is the integration of BIM in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis in order to automate the assessment of the potential environmental impacts. To date, despite the existing studies on the subject, there is still a need to define and establish a recommended assessment framework and software tool for LCA purposes when BIM methodology is used. This research analyses the current state of the implementation of the LCA analysis in the BIM process. Additionally, it compares the results from the use of two LCA software. For this purpose, a case study was modelled in the Autodesk Revit BIM platform and exported to two LCA specific BIM tools: Athena Impact Estimator and Tally. The life cycle impact results from both BIM tools, as well as the required workflows, are discussed and compared in order to validate results and identify the advantages and disadvantages of each. The results show that the implementation of the LCA method can be optimized in time and reliability by using the BIM process. Concerning the selected software, Tally has a better interoperability capability, user-friendly interface and a wider range of possible locations for the building. On the other hand, Athena Impact Estimator requires a detailed building characterisation to perform a comprehensive environmental impact assessment and has a broader materials database.
Eco-efficiency Tool for Decreasing Environmental Load in the Life Cycle of Buildings – ÁBACO – Chile
Authors: Muñoz C , Vega M , Rocha A , Cereceda G , Molina A , González P
Published: June 2020

Chile begins to incorporate sustainability principles in its State policies at the sector level, which has created a great opportunity for the building sector, by encouraging improvements in the environmental impact on the integrated management of economic and environmental aspects in the life cycle of buildings. This article shows a comparative analysis in economic, social and environmental parameters between the two most common construction solutions proposed by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Planning in Chile: (a) structural wall of radiata pine and (b) reinforced concrete wall. For this analysis, was used a computer tool named ÁBACO-CHILE, which allows the integration of economic, social and environmental criteria from any building projects budget. ÁBACO-CHILE tool was designed to incorporate, on each budget item, an economic cost, a social cost and environmental parameters of contained energy and carbon footprint, using the first Chilean-site specific environmental Database. The results of the analysis show that the economic, social cost and environmental aspects evaluated are much higher on environmental evaluation in the case of the reinforced concrete construction solution, surpassing almost 70 times the values of the structural wall of radiata pine. Considering these results, it is possible to conclude that ABACO-CHILE is a useful tool to identify environmental impacts in the early design stage of any buildings project and also that this analysis allows an advance incorporation of sustainability criteria in buildings projects in Chile.
Long Live my Objects: Silent Practices to Avoid Obsolescence
Authors: Errázuriz T , Greene R , Berczeller D
Published: June 2020

Today specialists agree on the importance of studying the practices of reuse and reduction or slow consumption in the domestic space. In response to this need, this research seeks to understand the extent to which daily consumption practices influence the life trajectory of objects. Specifically, the project seeks to recognize, analyze and value everyday practices related to the use, care, repair, reuse and storage of objects of daily consumption, which favor conservation and influence the willingness to consume new replacement products. The ethnographic study, uses in-depth interviews, participant observation and use of audiovisual tools to investigate the relationships that a diverse group of people have with their everyday objects. Limiting the study to people who reside in different communes of the city of Santiago.
Development of Asphalt Mixtures for Sustainable Pavements
Authors: Sánchez-Alonso E , Valdés G , Calabi-Floody A , Mardones L
Published: June 2020

Currently, reusing materials in the industry to reduce the environmental impact generated is becoming important for society. The paving industry is not lagging behind, developing sustainable solutions. One of the main wastes generated on the roads is the asphalt material itself after its life cycle has been completed, called reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). However, reusing these materials and avoiding their accumulation in asphalt plants and/or sending them to landfill sites is one of the objectives of the paving industry. In this paper, a study was conducted of the use of RAP in asphalt mixtures, decreasing the manufacturing temperature of these mixtures, generating a greater environmental contribution. Three percentages of RAP were evaluated at three different manufacturing temperatures, all of them below the manufacturing temperature of a conventional asphalt mixture. Different mechanical properties, such as water sensitivity and permanent deformation, were evaluated to check their behaviour versus a conventional hot asphalt mixture. Additionally, energy consumption, manufacturing cost and the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were assessed. The results obtained show that the recycled asphalt mixtures manufactured at low temperature have an excellent performance, demonstrating that the use of RAP in asphalt mixtures at low temperatures is economically, technically and environmentally feasible.
Potentials for the Reduction of Construction Waste in the Architectural Design Stage
Authors: D’Alençon R , De Leon A , Saintard R , Huerta O , Vásquez C
Published: June 2020

In this article, we propose the correspondence of Construction and Demolition Waste, CDW reduction and architectural design as a central concept to redefine the role of Architecture in the context of the Circular Economy, as applied to the construction process. To raise this question, 1) a State of the Art discussion was elaborated, a series of interviews was conducted with various relevant actors in the public and private spheres; 2) a Case Study of works carried out in relation to these principles was prepared; and 3) surveys were applied among professionals in the construction sector to assess the perception, experience and willingness to incorporate principles of waste reduction in professional practice. These activities made it possible to elucidate the potential of waste reduction strategies in the design stage, to identify the main barriers and opportunities, and to propose measures and instruments for a better implementation in practice.
Renewable Energy at Chilean Universities: Is it Possible?
Authors: Mac-Lean C , Vargas L , Reyes C
Published: June 2020

The concept of sustainable universities has gained increasing relevance and momentum in the recent decades. This has led Higher Education Institutions to incorporate the conceptualisation of sustainability in their teaching, research, campus operations and outreach realms. In such a way, that innovative projects regarding sustainable initiatives and clean technologies have arisen in many universities worldwide. In operational terms at Chilean Higher Education Institutions, it is possible to find endeavours related to renewable energy, greenhouse gas emissions, water management, energy efficiency, recycling systems, among others. In the present work, the case study of on grid solar photovoltaic projects at the University of Magallanes in Patagonia, and at the Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences of the University of Chile in Santiago are described, in their conception and operation stages respectively. Additionally, these developments are analysed in light of context-based variables, considering latitude, funding and business models, technologies, and the corresponding electric systems characteristics.
Economic and Environmental Impact of Military Electrical Vehicle Conversion and Solar Electricity Production
Authors: Simon F , Roberts C , Girard A , Ordoñez J
Published: June 2020

Military vehicles carry out defence and training functions; however, they also participate extensively in military operations apart from war, such as supporting citizens in emergency situations. Nonetheless, they continue to contribute to pollution, and carbon emissions in Chile have doubled in recent years. Thus, this study seeks a partial solution to this problem, extending the useful life of an archetypal military vehicle, i.e. AIL Storm internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV), 4.0L gasoline, through its conversion into an electric vehicle (EV) using lithium-ion batteries. AIL Storm ICE emissions are compared with an equivalent EV conversion prototype, analysing the CO2 emissions of the EV charged from the Chilean electricity grid or from a solar photovoltaic charging station, taking advantage of the high levels of solar radiation in Chile. This studied model obtains a travel cost of 0.04USD/km in the “electric grid charge mode” and 0.02USD/km in the “Solar power station charge mode”, affecting the environment with 155kgCO2 emissions per year of use. In the future, technologies to manufacture or assemble lithium batteries must be developed in the Chilean market. Given the availability of this mineral in Chile, this step would reduce costs and make electric mobility more attractive and affordable.
Pumped Hydroelectric Energy Storage in Brazil: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Libório F , Firmo H T
Published: June 2020

Motivated by growing concerns about the environment and the rising price of fossil fuels in recent years, many countries have started to diversify their energy sources, opting for renewables whenever feasible. Brazil, a country with a predominance of hydroelectric generation, has also experienced a greater participation of other renewable sources, such as wind, solar and biomass. However, even though they contribute for a lower dependence on water and fossil fuels for energy generation, their intermittence lead to an increase of operational complexity and may threaten the country’s energy security. As an emerging economy with growing energy needs, the challenge now in Brazil is to identify ways to ensure efficient energy supply, compatible with demand and mindful of environmental issues. In this context, this work presents a compilation of the main studies and surveys related to Pumped Hydroelectric Energy Storage (PHES), while seeking to contribute in finding ways to reduce the unpredictability of renewable sources generation. Furthermore, the aim is to increase energy security in times of drought, especially when the inter-regional, seasonal and multimodal complementarity of energy generation in Brazil fails to avoid energy deficits. The methodology used draws upon a bibliographical review of the current PHES scenarios in Brazil and in the world. Advantages and opportunities of this type of energy storage are assessed at the national level, together with a presentation of the challenges faced by the implementation of this model in Brazil. Finally, we discuss the main challenges and present some suggestions for future work on this subject.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 3 Jul 2020 to correct an author name.
Variation in the Irradiance on Facades According to Solar Access at Neighbourhood Level in Winter, Santiago. A Rationale for Public Policy in the Urban Planning
Authors: Cárdenas-Jirón L A , Miranda F
Published: June 2020

Next COP25 will be held in Santiago city in 2019 and its slogan is “Time for Action” so the urban planning has something relevant to say. Given that cities and renewable energy are explicit thematic lines in the conference the current paper focus on that. Link between cities and solar energy affects stakeholders such as the real estate agents and community so they are both concerns of the public policy. Real estate agent needs to be aware of a technical matter that affects resident lives at the neighbourhood scale. To address climate change two approaches has been declared by IPCC: mitigation and adaptation measures. The former focus on reduction of CO2 in which building sector plays a fundamental role in this task. Solar energy is a source of clean energy for heating and lighting the buildings. Therefore, it might be protected from solar obstruction coming from building surrounding. The purpose of the study is to discuss and old concept as solar access in a new context real states development giving some quantitative and qualitative assessments on facades under and none solar obstructions. Methodology consists of daily monitoring of insolation on building facades besides of modelling and simulation in Ñuñoa neighbourhood in Santiago in winter. Results reveal that a significant reduction of intensity in radiation is observed in those circumstances. Obstruction and no obstruction are the scenes analysed to compare irradiation on building facades. In addition, a qualitative analysis is made based on residents perceptions. Urbanism normative about shadows cast are also analysed to set out current limitations and possibilities to improve the legal instrument in the future. Conclusions state that a new focus is recommended for the public policy: think in surrounding energy effects rather than the building alone if mitigation measures want to be applied for sustainable urban planning.
Secondary Cities and Their Development Challenges: The Case of Central Chile Macro Region
Authors: Videla J T , Roberts B H , Allué M , Guerrero F
Published: June 2020

The performance of national and regional economies is dependent on a well-functioning system of secondary cities, but they face many development challenges and still receive proportionally lower levels of investment than primary cities. The case study of the Santiago and Central Chile Macro Region (SCCMR) provides interesting insights into a particular spatial typology of secondary cities, the metropolitan cluster, in a middle-income growing regional economy. Fresh thinking by all levels of government and stakeholders in the SCCMR is necessary to identify and formulate policies to address this macro region’s challenges and to support the development of its secondary cities. However, it is still unclear what the spatial structure and functions of this macro region are, and what type of governance arrangement is required. This short paper aims to discuss two general questions in relation to the above: i) what is the main spatial structure of SCCMR? and, ii) is the current administrative arrangement appropriate to manage that spatial structure? To answer these questions, we briefly review some recent and empirical approaches for defining spatial structures based on functional economic units (FEUs), as proposed by the OECD. We then compare that with the actual administrative areas, including also a recent official proposal for creating a metropolitan governance scheme. The FEUs approach shows that the spatial structure of the SCCMR is a combination of three metropolitan systems of cities, led by Santiago. This conclusion needs to be discussed further due to a lack of updated Travel-To-Work (TTW) flow data. Moreover, a more comprehensive system approach should be used to assess the macro region spatial integration, including employment, housing, infrastructure, social service and industry. We conclude this short paper with a critical assessment of the SCCMR governance arrangement and propose a fresh approach to address the governance of this important macro region.
Tangible Patterns and Levels of Belonging in the Neighborhood’s Public Spaces
Authors: Salvadó M , Schmitt C , Bustamante W
Published: June 2020

Santiago de Chile is a metropolitan city with high residential mobility. This mobility is related to a generalized sociopolitical and cultural centralism developed in the country, which generates an inequality between life in the capital city and other states. In the country, one of the significant challenges cities have encountered is their constant growth. This growth generates a series of country-wide issues, such as the increase of insecurity, the need for greater citizen participation, and the incentive to support the preservation of communities’ traditions.

In the last decades, citizens of Santiago de Chile have experienced a lack of belonging to their residential neighborhoods. This lack of belonging is shown by the absence of a sense of attachment to the land and the respective community. Without housing continuity, neighborhood relations, and social ties among residents face development difficulties. In this context, it is challenging to consolidate communities in neighborhoods, which is a fundamental aspect of the sustainable development of a city. Public space represents a common element for different human groups. These spaces can contribute to the satisfaction of needs, such as a sense of belonging and community consolidation. Commonly, public spaces are highly valued due to their recreational and leisure opportunities. The relationship between urban space and sociocultural aspects of its inhabitants determines the degree of belonging to the neighborhood.

The research focuses on residents’ sense of belonging in the Santiago Poniente neighborhood. The main objective is to identify and define the elements within the public space that embody a sense of belonging. Methodological surveys were used, as well as observations through drawings and the Neighborhood’s Plan Method. It has been able to determine specific tangible patterns in the place with which residents identify themselves and value as fundamental for their life in the neighborhood.
Kai: Restoration of the Native Forest for the Conservation of the Craft Tradition of the Pilwa of Lake Budi
Authors: Zuñiga P
Published: June 2020

The Budi Lake territories are inhabited by Mapuche Lafkenche communities, where their artisans develop the pilwa -bag woven in Chupón fiber- as a traditional craft. The pilwa has been recognized by state organizations for its cultural and ecological value. However, its raw material, the “kai” or Chupón, is declared a vulnerable species. This condition has generated in institutions such as FIA Foundation for Agricultural Innovation, to allocate public resources for its conservation, introducing foreign concepts into the territory for the plant cultivation, which includes the inclusion of plastic in the Mapuche territories. The present paper investigates the cultural aspects of resistance to this vision, and in particular, to the elements of the Mapuche worldview attributed to the species and native forest. The study is based on interviews with Mapuche leaders, indigenous communities and families of Pilwa artisans, who in 2018 raised a project to restore the native forest, for the preservation of the Chupón species and the handcrafted tradition. This project was not funded by the Common Fund. Despite the Mapuche artisan families of the Pilwa, they have started a native forest conservation process in private estates to promote the sustainable land use and maintain the cultural relationship with nature. The findings are expected to support the future community presentation of a native forest restoration project around Lake Budi.
Towards a Sustainable Model of Higher Education in the Araucanía Region, Chile
Authors: Navarrete C , Saldías G , Carbonetti M , Fierro J M , Sandoval D
Published: June 2020

The aim of this article is to propose a critical reflection of the state of teaching sustainability in higher education in Chile. The goal is to broaden the concept of sustainability so as to understand its implication in learning civic and community values, as well as in implementing innovative teaching methodologies linked to the promotion of sustainable values connected to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. In this article, the application of a teaching methodology called Pre-Texts, from Harvard University, is explored in a sociocultural context of Chilean higher education, specifically at the Universidad de La Frontera in Chile’s 9th Region. Evidence is sought about how this methodology is relevant and effective in the teaching of two key pedagogical principles related to sustainability: the importance of community recognition and the collective work and implementation of artistic practices to promote discussion of sustainable principles based on preservation and recycling. Finally, a conclusion will be pursued around the need to implement these and similar teaching practices in higher education to promote greater awareness of the fundamental principles of Sustainable Development.
Radon Risk Reduction in Public Buildings with Regular Occupancy: A Case Study in Minho Region, Portugal
Authors: Curado A , Silva J P , Lopes S I
Published: June 2020

Radon gas is considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the most relevant indoor pollutants with proven relationship with higher lung cancer risk. Hence, indoor radon exposure in badly ventilated and extensively occupied rooms increases drastically the risk of health problems. Due to the geological nature of local soil, the Northwest region of Portugal is critical concerning indoor radon exposure. The new legislation is already in force to combat the problem by adopting a remediation strategy in order to reduce the occupants’ risk in local buildings. However, a remediation strategy involves not only manual or automatic mitigation actions to reduce indoor radon concentration, but also awareness-raising campaigns developed amongst buildings occupants and local community making part of an action plan to deal with the problem. In this paper we present a new case study of 15 public buildings assessed in 2018 through short-term measurements to characterize indoor radon gas concentration, in an inner city in the Northwest region of Portugal. Radon risk was assessed to evaluate occupants’ risk exposure and to define an Action Plan concerning radon gas remediation.
Analysis of the Carbonation in Normal Concrete with the Addition of Tire Rubber Aggregate
Authors: Vilches J , Figueroa J , Chamorro L , Piña C
Published: June 2020

Tires are an industrial waste that has become a worldwide environmental problem. To minimize this effect, tire waste is used in construction as a concrete aggregate. Additionally, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere affects the carbonation of concrete. This study analyzes the effect of carbonation in concrete with tire rubber aggregate as a 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% proportional replacement for the fine aggregate. The carbonation test was conducted for 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours. The compressive strength of the concrete decreased depending on the tire rubber content in the mixes, while the concretes with tire rubber percentages greater than 30% were affected by carbonation.
The Effect on the Compressive Strength of Concrete Produced by the Incorporation of Boiler-Calcined Biomass Ash into Sand from the Maule River, Chile
Authors: Schmidt W , Vilches J , Zamora D , Bustamante M , Cofré R
Published: June 2020

The pulp industry generates large amounts of wood biomass ash (WBA) as waste, which causes economic and environmental problems. However, WBA has pozzolanic and cementing properties that can complement cement in concrete production. Many studies have been published on the replacement of cement by WBA, but few discuss the replacement of other concrete components such as sand. The objective of this research is to determine the effect of volume replacement of sand with ash on the mechanical resistance of concrete. A reference concrete was made with a specified strength of 30 MPa at 28 days. Samples with 5%, 10%, 13%, 15% and 20% WBA were compared. A water-cement ratio of 0.49 was maintained, plasticizer was added to maintain an acceptable workability, and compression tests were conducted at 7, 28 and 63 days. The results indicate that WBA decreases the workability of the fresh concrete mixture. However, the compressive strength increases in most cases, thus demonstrating the possibility of using WBA as an addition to the concrete to improve its mechanical properties, and at the same time reduce the environmental impact of this waste material.
Relation Between Urban Design and Citizens’ Perception. Case Study Biobio Riverside Park, Concepción, Chile
Authors: Delpino-Chamy M , Navarrete L
Published: June 2020

This research analyses the impact of urban design on the vitality of public space. For the above, it explores the experience of inhabitants throughout indicators. This analysis allows us to identify relations between urban design and the perception of people inhabiting the place; identifying elements that favour or diminish the vitality of urban public spaces. As a case study, the Biobio Riverside Park, in Concepción, Chile, was selected. Based on its condition of being an attractive project, well located and designed; however, absent from activities and appropriation. The article researches bibliographically about some aspects of urban design, which modify the perception of inhabitants concerning the urban environment. Subsequently, several authors are analysed to identify the main urban design criteria considered for the development of an appropriate public space. With this background a methodological tool is constructed, to evaluate the perception of the inhabitants in relation to various urban design factors. Its application is done through surveys and planimetric analysis in the field. Finally, the survey and planimetry data were analysed simultaneously, in order to recognize the main elements of urban design, conditioning the vitality of the riverside park. Among the main results, security, accessibility, and diversity of activities emerge as the most influential urban design factors in the vitality of public space. Simultaneously, a clear difference between the participants’ perception is identified, depending on the proximity of their residence to the case study. This implies that both the sense of appropriation, as well as the sense of security and the attractiveness of the urban landscape, are determining aspects of perception, to promote the vitality of public space.
Andes Mountain Strategic Plan
Authors: Valenzuela L , Folch T , Castro A , Vázquez A , Romero C
Published: June 2020

The AMSP takes into account the Metropolitan Regulatory Plan of Santiago, which includes both urban and rural areas, where most of the mountainous territory of Lo Barnechea municipality is located. It will also be a fundamental input to the forthcoming Regional Territorial Ordinance Planning. Additionally, it was drawn on the general guidelines of the National Plan for Environmental Protection. The Objects of Value are elements and components of the Andes mountain range environment that have some type of value to the community that resides in that territory. The diagnostic generated during the AMSP focuses particularly on Objects of Value that can be spatialized, in the territory studied. The AMSP is a territorial planning and management tool for the municipality, whose development involves a participatory and binding process. It seeks a vision for a sustainable development of this territory, balancing economic, social and environmental aspects. The AMSP is composed of master plans from each Andean Mountain Strategic Planning Zone (ZPEC). Development objectives and scenarios are considered, according to the identified Objects of Value and Zoned Environmental Goals, using the national, regional, communal and local development strategies as a guide. Four Environmental goals has been defined for the AMSP. Protection: Conservation of biodiversity, natural resources, ecosystems functions, protection against natural risks, and others; Restoration: Rehabilitation of damaged sites or zones; Sustainable Development: Mountain tourism, ecotourism, beekeeping, among others; and Sustainable Productive Development: The extraction of resources in the territory.