bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliability-based design optimization of a concrete dam
Authors: Siacara Adrian Torrico , Pellizzer Giovanni Pais , Beck André Teófilo , Futai Marcos Massao
Published: March 2022

abstract: Performance and safety of geotechnical structures are affected by uncertainties. Yet, the design of dams is nowadays still made using deterministic methods and design codes. Dam optimization in a deterministic setting may lead to compromised safety margins. In this setting, Reliability-Based Design Optimization (RBDO) appears as an alternative, allowing one to optimize dam performance, but respecting specified reliability constraints. In this paper, we employ an efficient and accurate Single-Loop Approach (SLA) in the RBDO of a concrete dam. Considering dam equilibrium reliability constraints, we find the optimal dam base and optimal placement of drainage galleries, for different dam heights and different target reliability index ( β T). We show how the governing failure mode changes for each optimal solution: for large β T, sliding limit state is the active constraint; for smaller β T values, the eccentricity limit state function is found to be the active constraint for the optimum dam. We also investigate how the importance of random parameters change for each optimum solution: for large β T and failure controlled by sliding, the cohesion and friction angle along dam base interface with foundation rock are the most relevant uncertain parameters for dam equilibrium. For smaller β T with failure controlled by eccentricity, the more relevant uncertain geotechnical parameters are the base length of the dam, the specific weight of concrete, and the coefficient of drainage gallery inefficiency.
Important aspects in experimental versus numerical comparative analysis in pile caps
Authors: Luchesi Gustavo Leardini , Randi Ricardo de Paula , Trautwein Leandro Mouta , Almeida Luiz Carlos de
Published: March 2022

Abstract Research with emphasis on comparative analysis between experimental models versus numerical models in pile caps tend to present discrepancies in stiffness between models. The present paper numerically analyzes pile caps on two piles, emphasizing parameters that have direct influence on the responses of the simulated models, especially in terms of stiffness. Among the parameters evaluated in this paper, we note the following: boundary conditions applied to the base of the piles; the use of interface elements in the simulation of contact between materials; and the influence of pile cap width. The analyzed results are related to failure load, displacements, load versus displacement curves, stress flows, and cracking panoramas. The findings demonstrate that the parameters analyzed here have direct influence on the results of the numerical models when compared with the experimental results.
Assessment of Brazilian onshore wind turbines foundations
Authors: Nardelli Andrei , Futai Marcos Massao
Published: March 2022

Abstract Onshore wind turbine foundations are subjected to large overturning moments. The wind action imposes cyclic and dynamic loading conditions which occur in extreme and service scenarios. Deep foundations, when used, transfer this large overturning moment through a pile group which combines the axial and lateral resistance of all piles. The paper explored the key aspects of onshore wind turbine foundations in Brazil. The main reason to explore this subject is that several authors consider onshore wind turbine foundations a well-understood topic; however, limited data from actual situations have been published, especially in developing countries where wind energy projects have only recently started. Thus, a survey of Brazilian energy companies and foundation designers was conducted, and the first Brazilian database of wind turbine foundations was created. This database contains data from more than three thousand Brazilian wind turbine foundations. The key aspects, types and dimensions of these foundations were summarized. Worldwide, concrete gravity foundations are the most used foundation type for onshore wind turbines. In Brazil, 43.3% of wind turbines have shallow foundations, essentially concrete gravity, and 56.7% have deep foundations, mostly continuous flight auger piles. This first stage of the research identified that Brazilian wind turbine foundations are significantly different from the ones of other countries. Approximately 70% of Brazilian wind turbine deep foundations used continuous concrete flight auger piles, most of them embedded in sandy soils. Concrete and steel are the main materials used in wind turbine structures.
Screening of Bioactive Compounds for Biomedical and Industrial Uses from Actinobacteria Isolated from the Parsık Cave, Turkey
Authors: Rachid Nahdhoit Ahamada , Güngör Nihal Doğruöz
Published: March 2022

The need to avoid health issues and pollution of the environment from the use of chemicals and synthetic materials inspires scientists to search for new biological compounds beneficial to human beings. Caves, being extreme environments, might be potential sources of these compounds. Actinobacteria, one of the main groups that colonise these environments, are known to generate natural bioactive compounds. To investigate the potential uses of Parsık Cave Actinobacteria, identification of this group of isolates and the investigation of their secreted biological compounds constituted the principal aim of the present study. The identification was achieved by sequencing 16S rRNA genes of 41 selected bacteria of which 28 species were identified as Actinobacteria. Microbacterium (21%) and Pseudarthrobacter (14%) were the most identified Actinobacteria genera. Antimicrobial effects of the isolates P1 and P16 were observed against standard microorganisms like Candida albicans. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of their broth showed compounds with known antimicrobial, antioxidant or anticancer properties as well as unknown compounds. Polyketide synthase (PKS) and non-ribosomal peptide synthases (NRPS) respectively were amplified in 32.1% and 53.5% of the identified Actinobacteria while 25% were found to have both NRPS and PKS amplified. Amylase, gelatinase, cellulase, deoxyribonuclease (DNase), urease and casein hydrolysing activities were observed in the identified Actinobacteria. These results show that Actinobacteria from Parsık Cave might be good sources of industrial and biotechnological compounds. Furthermore, discovery of new bioactive compounds from these bacteria is promising due to the many unknown compounds observed in the GC-MS analysis and the high percentage of NRPS and PKS gene amplification.
White Tears and Indian Slaves in Marvell’s “Mourning”
Authors: Greteman Blaine
Published: March 2022

Previous criticism of Marvell’s “Mourning” has not only ignored the narrator’s invocation of “Indian slaves,” but has in most cases actually erased it. This essay explores the consequences of that erasure for our understanding of the poem and its place in the history of colonialism and race-making.@font-face{font-family:Arial;panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;mso-font-charset:0;mso-generic-font-family:auto;mso-font-pitch:variable;mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;}@font-face{font-family:"ＭＳ 明朝";mso-font-charset:78;mso-generic-font-family:auto;mso-font-pitch:variable;mso-font-signature:-536870145 1791491579 18 0 131231 0;}@font-face{font-family:"Cambria Math";panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;mso-font-charset:0;mso-generic-font-family:auto;mso-font-pitch:variable;mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;}p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal{mso-style-unhide:no;mso-style-qformat:yes;mso-style-parent:"";margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"ＭＳ 明朝";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}.MsoChpDefault{mso-style-type:export-only;mso-default-props:yes;mso-fareast-font-family:"ＭＳ 明朝";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}div.WordSection1{page:WordSection1;}@font-face{font-family:Arial;panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;mso-font-charset:0;mso-generic-font-family:auto;mso-font-pitch:variable;mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;}@font-face{font-family:"ＭＳ 明朝";mso-font-charset:78;mso-generic-font-family:auto;mso-font-pitch:variable;mso-font-signature:-536870145 1791491579 18 0 131231 0;}@font-face{font-family:"Cambria Math";panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;mso-font-charset:0;mso-generic-font-family:auto;mso-font-pitch:variable;mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;}p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal{mso-style-unhide:no;mso-style-qformat:yes;mso-style-parent:"";margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"ＭＳ 明朝";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}.MsoChpDefault{mso-style-type:export-only;mso-default-props:yes;mso-fareast-font-family:"ＭＳ 明朝";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}div.WordSection1{page:WordSection1;}
Morphological variation in the distal phalanges of the springbok, Antidorcas marsupialis (Zimmermann, 1780) (Mammalia: Bovidae)
Authors: Rossouw Lloyd
Published: March 2022

A comparative study of distal phalanges belonging to adult springbok individuals shows distinctive morphological differences between the subspecies Antidorcas marsupialis marsupialis and Antidorcas marsupialis hofmeyri, most notably reflected by significant lengthening of the sole of the latter. Results were derived from comparative osteomorphological techniques, using standard anatomical nomenclature for descriptions and parametric statistics for measurements and dimensions. The configuration in A. m. hofmeyri proved useful for distinguishing between the two subspecies. The findings suggest that the osteometrical differences observed in the distal phalanges relate to different habitats occupied by the species. Significance:Infraspecific morphological variation exhibited by distal phalanges in Antidorcas marsupialis is significant. The results lay the groundwork for further testing of relationships between functional morphology of foot bones and substrate in bovids.
Isotopic profiling of natural uranium mined from northern Nigeria for nuclear forensic application
Authors: John Samuel O.O. , Usman Iyabo T.
Published: March 2022

Four mined samples of natural uranium from northern Nigeria were studied through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, at the Environmental Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. The samples were characterised for lead, thorium and uranium isotopic concentrations, isotopic ratios and age. The objective was to obtain nuclear forensic fingerprints as baseline data to add to the Nigerian National Nuclear Forensic Library. Results showed significant variation in the isotopic concentrations of lead, thorium and uranium across the mines. Isotopic ratios of 238U/235U, 235U/238U and 234U/238U across the sample of 137.881±0.007, 7.253×10-03±2.05×10-04 and 5.540×10-05±4.08×10-07 were found to be consistent with the natural values. The age of natural uranium is comparable to the age of earth. Uranium, lead, and thorium isotopic concentrations and ratios, as well as the age of the samples characterised, provide an isotopic profile that can be used for nuclear forensic application.
Significance:

Given the abundant deposits of natural uranium in Africa and the consequent potential for nuclear insecurity, determining the isotopic profiles and signatures of natural uranium is important for application in nuclear forensics.
Isotopic concentrations of 232Th, 238U, 235U and 234U from the respective sampling sites differed significantly, thereby providing characteristic isotopic profiles.
Research contract relationship between a large industry partner and South African universities
Authors: Malherbe Cornelia , Nel C. Johan H. , Schutte Cornelius S.L.
Published: March 2022

We propose and evaluate a contractual structuring instrument (in the form of a Framework Research Agreement) in support of research collaboration partnerships between universities and large industry, specifically for the case of large industry in the South African context. This study includes one large South African originated industry (as the pioneer of concluding Framework Research Agreements with several universities) and multiple South African universities, and stretches over several decades. This study was done within the broader context of the challenges and benefits experienced by both industry and university in the academic engagement sphere of industry–university collaboration. By providing insight from both industry and university perspectives, factors impacting on academic engagement (with specific emphasis on the legislative framework, contractual aspects, institutional research contract practices and institutional risks), are considered and discussed. Recommendations are made for improved industry–university collaboration by sharing experiences from the industry and universities on challenges faced, managing the expectations and proposing mechanisms to support constructive research collaboration through a mutually beneficial contractual framework instrument.
Significance:

A novel Framework Research Agreement as a contractual instrument was developed and pioneered by the industry partner with several South African universities, to create a transparent framework based on fair contracting and determinable remuneration principles.
This study specifically highlights the need for a contractual instrument, in which the intention is to build a long-term contractual relationship to support industry–university collaboration and academic engagement within the existing South African legislative framework.
It further draws attention to research contract management practices and contractual aspects, which until now have been largely ignored in industry–university collaboration and academic engagement frameworks of this kind.
Towards medicinal tea from untapped Namibian Ganoderma: Phenolics and in vitro antioxidant activity of wild and cultivated mushrooms
Authors: Hamwenye Karlin K.N. , Ueitele Isabella S.E. , Kadhila Nailoke P. , Embashu Werner , Nantanga Komeine K.M.
Published: March 2022

Ganoderma is a genus of mushrooms that is prized in developed nations, especially those in Asia, due to its health-promoting properties, which are attributed to bioactive compounds such as phenolics. However, in developing countries, particularly in Africa, Ganoderma mushrooms are untapped and are barely identified. In this study, we identified Ganoderma species collected from different host trees in the wild in Namibia, cultivated them on one substrate and determined their water absorption and solubility indices. Total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), condensed tannins (CT) and in vitro antioxidant activity (AA) were determined in hot water infusions made from wild and cultivated Ganoderma mushrooms. Folin–Ciocalteu, aluminium chloride, vanillin-HCl, and DPPH assay methods were used to determine TP, TF, CT and AA, respectively. Wild species had 6.12–11.70% moisture, 1.91–5.32% ash, 11.55–24.40 (g of absorbed water/g of dry sample) water absorption index, 3.60–24.10% water solubility index, 18.37–44.78 (mg GAE/g of sample) TP, 0.09–1.67 (mg QE/g of sample) TF, 2.97–6.37 (mg CAE/g of sample) CT and 40.8–49.3% AA. Cultivated species had 9.64 13.45% moisture, 2.34–6.20% ash, 13.55–28.30 water absorption index, 6.40–25.35% water solubility index, 36.70–52.73 (mg GAE/g of sample) TP, 0.41–0.86 (mg QE/g of sample) TF, 11.38–15.29 (mg CAE/g of sample) CT and 53.6–63.7% AA. Infusions prepared from cultivated Ganoderma species had higher levels of TP, CT and AA, but lower levels of TF than those prepared from wild Ganoderma species, suggesting that they have potential as nutraceuticals.
Significance:

The identification and confirmation of highly prized Lingzhi ‘mushrooms of immortality’ in Namibia highlights the presence of this untapped resource in Africa that is potentially worth billions of dollars.
The cultivation and phenolic content of this high-value medicinal mushroom have been demonstrated.
Cultivation could lead to sustainable utilisation and employment creation in developing countries which suffer from unemployment rates of at least 30%.
Antioxidant activity of the bioactive compounds from the edible fruits and leaves of Ficus sur Forssk. (Moraceae)
Authors: Ogunlaja Olumuyiwa O. , Moodley Roshila , Baijnath Himansu , Jonnalagadda Sreekantha B.
Published: March 2022

Ficus sur Forssk. (Moraceae) is a medicinal plant species found in Africa and the leaves are used in traditional medicine as a blood builder to boost iron levels for the treatment of anaemia, skin disorders and sexually transmitted diseases. In this study, a phytochemical investigation was conducted on F. sur and the antioxidant properties of the isolates and extracts were evaluated. The major secondary metabolites that were isolated from the fruits and leaves were the triterpenoid (lupeol), sterol (β-sitosterol), phaeophytin (phaeophytin a) and flavonoid (epicatechin). The findings reveal significantly higher (p<0.05) antioxidant activity for the methanol extract of the fruits (IC50 9.06 μg/mL), which may be attributed to the higher phenolic content and presence of epicatechin. The results show the species to be rich in pharmacologically active compounds that are documented to exhibit haematinic effects, stimulate reconstruction and cell proliferation in skin, and inhibit the growth and proliferation of pathogenic agents of sexually transmitted infections. This study therefore validates the ethnomedicinal use of the plant, and its consumption could have a profound influence on nutrition and health, especially amongst indigenous people of Africa.
Significance:

In South Africa, the use of indigenous plants for food and medicine, especially by rural populations, has increased due to availability and accessibility.
This study highlights the benefits of the edible fruits of Ficus suras a nutraceutical.
Ficus suris shown to contain biomolecules with well-known therapeutic value, which lends scientific credence and validity to its ethnomedicinal use.
[RETRACTED] Cannaco CBD Gummies South Africa Reviews - Is It Scam? v1
Authors: not provided cannacosouthgummies
Published: March 2022

[RETRACTED]

Cannaco CBD Gummies South Africa Reviews - Is It Scam?
Las prácticas artísticas: una visión neurocientífica
Authors: Albusac Jorge Miriam
Published: March 2022

Las bases neuronales que subyacen en las prácticas artísticas han sido estudiadas por la neurociencia, haciendo uso de las metodologías y técnicas de registro que le son propias, con el objetivo de entender cómo el cerebro procesa el arte. Sin embargo, la investigación sobre el arte como medio para inducir plasticidad es aún limitada. Este texto revisa la literatura científica que vincula diversas manifestaciones artísticas –como la danza o las artes visuales– con cambios plásticos estructurales y funcionales a nivel cerebral.
Émile Prisse D’Avennes - Ippolito Rosellini: Dos propuestas de dibujo sobre el Antiguo Egipto.
Authors: Fdez. de Cañete Rodríguez Nieves
Published: March 2022

Tras la gran expedición de Napoleón a Egipto, los dibujantes Ippolito Rosellini y Émile Prisse D’Avennes tienen dos propuestas nuevas a través de las que desarrollan su actividad gráfica, ambas marcadas por la personalidad de cada artista, su formación y sus vivencias.

Los dos son conocedores del significado del leguaje jeroglífico, que estudian en profundidad hasta descubrir una nueva poética en las imágenes del arte del antiguo Egipto. Ambos dirigen sus miradas a los mismos referentes artísticos en tumbas y templos, y crean nuevas obras de un estilo ecléctico que vinculan dos momentos muy distantes en el tiempo.

Son capaces, como pocos artistas pueden, de establecer con sus dibujos un diálogo a tres bandas entre el observador, la propia obra y alguna de las imágenes más emblemáticas creadas por los artistas del Egipto faraónico.
Interculturalidad y especialización en traducción de arte contemporáneo
Authors: Rodríguez-Muñoz María Luisa
Published: March 2022

El crecimiento exponencial del número de museos públicos de arte contemporáneo en España en las tres últimas décadas conlleva un flujo de arte y de material promocional del mismo en el que la traducción intercultural está presente para permitir el acceso del público a exposiciones cuyo material original se edita en otro idioma.

Esta situación representa una oportunidad como nuevo nicho de mercado traductor y como objeto de estudio, al ser la tipología museística una categoría apenas abordada epistemológicamente dentro de los Estudios de Traducción. En aras de dar los primeros pasos en este sentido en una línea de investigación todavía marginal, seleccionamos los textosque pertenecen a la tipología textual "programa de mano" de la exposición Jan Fabre: Estigmas-Acciones y performances 1976-2017, organizada por el Centro Andaluz de Arte Contemporáneo de Sevilla en 2018. Identificamos los retos de traducción, las estrategias que se emplearon y las técnicas aplicadas según el encargo así como las directrices del iniciador. En atención a los resultados, reconocemos las características híbridas (tipología, modalidad, multiculturalidad) de esta práctica traductora que, consideramos, merece un mayor interés por parte de la Academia.
Música programática en el eje narrativo fílmico. El caso V de Vendetta
Authors: Cabello Bustos María Jesús
Published: March 2022

Piotr Ilich Tchaikovsky compuso en 1880 una obertura con motivo de la conmemoración de la victoria del ejército ruso sobre las tropas napoleónicas invasoras. 125 años después, su obra se incorpora diegéticamente al cine, en concreto, a la representación cinematográfica del ficcional pueblo británico oprimido promoviendo su lucha y rebelión contra el yugo de un gobierno dictatorial y totalitario. El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar la carga narrativa que puede aportar una música clásica preexistente, en este caso programática, a las imágenes cinematográficas. El caso seleccionado para analizar es la utilización de la Obertura 1812 op.49 de Tchaikovsky en la película V de Vendetta del año 2005.
Artivismo contra la opresión para transformar la educación
Authors: López-Ganet Tiffay
Published: March 2022

Este artículo muestra las posibilidades de las artes en la educación como medio de reivindicación contra la opresión y espacio para la empatía, la reflexión y el aprendizaje. A través de mi autobiografía como arteducadora —que creo a partir de una introspección personal utilizando metodologías artísticas e instrumentos de investigación como archivos fotográficos y audiovisuales de mi álbum familiar— genero una reflexión en torno a mi realidad como mujer negra, bubi y gallega en un entorno mayoritariamente blanco de la diáspora. Extrapolo esos recuerdos en forma de estrategias artísticas que pongo en práctica en distintos lugares del mundo como A Coruña (España), Ottawa (Canadá), Anantapur (India) y Malabo (Guinea Ecuatorial). Una Investigación Educativa Basada en las Artes que entiende la Educación Artística como una herramienta fundamental para trabajar la cohesión del grupo, la mejora de las relaciones, el respeto, la autopercepción y la conciencia grupal a través de acciones artivistas, antirracistas y decoloniales.
Las Paradojas de la desaparición en México
Authors: Hernández Manrique Adriana
Published: March 2022

Dejar registro de lo que está por desaparecer es un ejercicio no solo de las buscadoras, colectivo de mujeres que escudriñan en las entrañas de la tierra para hallar a su familiar como consecuencia de la desaparición forzada y sistemática en México cuyas acciones nos revelan que hay lugares, objetos y sujetos de la desaparición. Esta objetivación hecha memoria permite asir lo que escapa, de lo que no se habla, de visibilizar y tomar posición ante una situación que afecta a miles de familias desde antes de que se declarara la guerra al narcotráfico. A esta labor se suman algunos documentalistas que aportan desde la denuncia, desde el retrato de la realidad o desde la narrativa discursiva  y que a manera de paradojas responden a un tiempo o espacio específico, los últimos 20 años de guerra de baja intensidad.
Julio de Aquiles y Alexander Mayner en el Peinador de la Reina de la Alhambra. Simbología en la forma y en el color de los frescos murales
Authors: Puerto Fernández María Isabel
Published: March 2022

El Peinador de la Reina de la Alhambra en Granada, estancia localizada en la parte superior de la torre nazarí Abu–l–Hayyay, fue pintado entre 1539 y 1545 por Julio de Aquiles y Alexander Mayner, artistas con procedencia italiana, mostrando un exquisito programa iconográfico adaptado a los gustos cristianos con escenas mitológicas y alegóricas, paisajes navales y decoración de grutescos. Así los lenguajes pictóricos renacentistas del Peinador de la Reina están influenciados por las narrativas de la corriente rafaelesca, en donde el color empleado con determinados pigmentos y la forma dada por los trazos del dibujo, crean imágenes muy bien estudiadas sin dejar nada al azar, cargadas de significados aludiendo a cualidades y virtudes del Emperador Carlos V.
The Role of Business Intelligence and Communication Technologies in Organizational Agility: A Configurational Approach
Authors:   George Washington University, USA, Park YoungKi , El Sawy Omar A. ,   University of Southern California, USA, Fiss Peer C. ,   University of Southern California, USA
Published: March 2022

This study examines the role that business intelligence (BI) and communication technologies play in how firms may achieve organizational sensing agility, decision making agility, and acting agility in different organizational and environmental contexts. Based on the information-processing view of organizations and dynamic capability theory, we suggest a configurational analytic framework that departs from the standard linear paradigm to examine how IT’s effect on agility is embedded in a configuration of organizational and environmental elements. In line with this approach, we use fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to analyze field survey data from diverse industries. Our findings suggest equifinal pathways to organizational agility and the specific boundary conditions of our middle-range theory that determine what role BI and communication technologies play in organizations’ achieving organizational agility. We discuss implications for theory and practice and discuss future research avenues.
Special Issue Editorial: Artificial Intelligence in Organizations: Implications for Information Systems Research
Authors: Benbya Hind ,   Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia, Pachidi Stella ,   Cambridge JudgeBusiness School, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, Jarvenpaa Sirkka L. ,   McCombs School of Business, University of Texas at Austin, U.S.A.
Published: March 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies offer novel, distinctive opportunities and pose new significant challenges to organizations that set them apart from other forms of digital technologies. This article discusses the distinct effects of AI technologies in organizations, the tensions they raise and the opportunities they present for information systems (IS) research. We explore these opportunities in term of four business capabilities: automation, engagement, insight/decision making and innovation. We discuss the differentiated effects that AI brings about and the implications for future IS research.
Sociotechnical Envelopment of Artificial Intelligence: An Approach to Organizational Deployment of Inscrutable Artificial Intelligence Systems
Authors: Asatiani Aleksandre ,   University of Gothenburg, Sweden, Malo Pekka ,   Aalto University School of Business, Finland, Nagbøl Per Rådberg ,   IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Penttinen Esko ,   Aalto University School of Business, Finland, Rinta-Kahila Tapani ,   The University of Queensland, Australia, Salovaara Antti ,   Aalto University School of Arts, Design and Architecture, Finland
Published: March 2022

The paper presents an approach for implementing inscrutable (i.e., nonexplainable) artificial intelligence (AI) such as neural networks in an accountable and safe manner in organizational settings. Drawing on an exploratory case study and the recently proposed concept of envelopment, it describes a case of an organization successfully “enveloping” its AI solutions to balance the performance benefits of flexible AI models with the risks that inscrutable models can entail. The authors present several envelopment methods—establishing clear boundaries within which the AI is to interact with its surroundings, choosing and curating the training data well, and appropriately managing input and output sources—alongside their influence on the choice of AI models within the organization. This work makes two key contributions: It introduces the concept of sociotechnical envelopment by demonstrating the ways in which an organization’s successful AI envelopment depends on the interaction of social and technical factors, thus extending the literature’s focus beyond mere technical issues. Secondly, the empirical examples illustrate how operationalizing a sociotechnical envelopment enables an organization to manage the trade-off between low explainability and high performance presented by inscrutable models. These contributions pave the way for more responsible, accountable AI implementations in organizations, whereby humans can gain better control of even inscrutable machine-learning models.
Warm-Glow Giving, Hedonism, and Their Influence on Muslim User Engagement on Loan-Based Crowdfunding Platforms
Authors: Sutanto Juliana ,   Lancaster University, UK, Wenninger Helena ,   Lancaster University, UK, Duriana Handre ,   Waqqash Archery, Indonesia
Published: March 2022

This paper investigates how platform design features affect the funding motivation of Muslim users on loan-based crowdfunding platforms. Theoretically grounded in Andreoni’s warm-glow giving theory and Sober and Wilson’s model of evolutionary and psychological giving, this work has high practical relevance, given the increasing demand for Islamic financial products. Loan-based crowdfunding platforms are important to the unique context of this research since Islamic religious constraints regulate monetary transactions involving lending. We used a scenario-based survey developed on the basis of a pilot study and confirmed by our manipulation check. The results show that “hedonism” represented by monetary interest negatively affected Muslim users’ willingness to engage in a loan-based crowdfunding project. This finding challenges the commonly agreed-upon egoistic motivator for loan-based crowdfunding platforms (i.e., monetary interest), which is based on Western Christian and Chinese Confucian capitalist economic and financial paradigms. Remarkably, we also found that Muslim funders’ level of willingness to engage on the hedonistic platform had an exponentially positive effect on the amount of money that funders were willing to lend. By contrast, “warm-glow giving,” manifested as belonging to a community, had no effect on users’ engagement. Implications of these findings for theory and practice are discussed.
Online Channels and Store Brands: Strategic Interactions
Authors: Luo Xiaomeng ,   Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, China, Ge Ling ,   Faculty of Information Technology and Decision Sciences, University of North Texas, USA, Chen Liwen ,   Zijing Houde Venture Capital Institute, China, Li Jianbin ,   Corresponding author, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
Published: March 2022

This study examines the strategic interactions between the online channel strategies of a national brand manufacturer and the store brand strategies of a retailer. We develop a game-theoretical model in which a manufacturer makes channel choices, a retailer selects product lines, and both need to take the other’s strategy into consideration. We compare the results with cases where no interactions are involved to explicate how the manufacturer’s online channel choice affects the retailer’s store brand strategy, and vice versa. The results suggest that the retailer executes a more defensive strategy if the threat of the online channel is severe but tends to be cooperative when the threat is less alarming. The manufacturer, however, would rather give up its efficient online channel to act cooperatively when the store brand is introduced. Our findings explain certain stylized facts regarding supply chain coordination.
The Chief Information Officer: Impact on Organizational Forecasting Outcomes
Authors: Liu Xiaotao (Kelvin) ,   D’Amore-Mckim School of Business, Northeastern University, USA, Preston David S. ,   Neeley School of Business, Texas Christian University, USA
Published: March 2022

Management earnings forecasts are essential sources of information for organizational shareholders. However, many companies remain in a quandary about how to develop an appropriate governance structure within top management to produce high-quality forecasts. This study investigates how firms with chief information officers (CIOs) impact organizational outcomes in terms of both the frequency and the bias of management earnings forecasts. We integrate the following theories to formulate our hypotheses: upper echelons theory, agency theory, and information processing theory (in conjunction with strategic management literature). Using a sample of firm-years (2000 to 2010), we find robust support for the proposition that firms with CIOs are associated with reduced opportunistic bias in earnings forecasts. In addition, we find that, as information uncertainty increases, firms with CIOs generate management forecasts less frequently and exhibit a reduction in optimistic forecasting bias. Collectively, these findings provide a theory-based understanding of how firms with CIOs can influence forecasting outcomes.
Research Perspectives: Reconsidering the Role of Research Method Guidelines for Interpretive, Mixed Methods, and Design Science Research
Authors: Siponen Mikko ,   University of Jyväskylä, Faculty of Information Technology, Finland, Soliman Wael ,   University of Jyväskylä, Faculty of Information Technology, Finland, Holtkamp Philipp ,   University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland
Published: March 2022

Information systems (IS) scholars have proposed guidelines for interpretive, mixed methods, and design science research in IS. Because many of these guidelines have also been suggested for evaluating what good or rigorous research is, they may be used as a checklist in the review process. In this paper, we raise the question: To what extent do research guidelines for interpretive, mixed methods, and design science research offer evidence that they can be used to evaluate the quality of research. We argue that scholars can use these guidelines to evaluate what good research is if there is compelling evidence that they lead to certain good research outcomes. We use three well-known sets of guidelines as examples and argue that they do not seem to offer evidence that we can use them to evaluate the quality of research. Instead, the “evidence” is often an authority argument, popularity, or examples demonstrating the applicability of the guidelines. If many research method principles we regard as authoritative in IS are largely based on speculation and opinion, we should take these guidelines less seriously in evaluating the quality of research. Our proposal does not render the guidelines useless. If the guidelines cannot offer cause-and-effect evidence for the usefulness of their principles, we propose viewing the guidelines as idealizations for pedagogical purposes, which means that reviewers cannot use these guidelines as checklists to evaluate what good research is. While our examples are from interpretive, mixed methods, and design science research, we urge the IS community to ponder the extent to which other research method guidelines offer evidence that they can be used to evaluate the quality of research.
A Dual-Identity Perspective of Obsessive Online Social Gaming
Authors: Gong Xiang ,   School of Management, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China, Cheung Christy M. K. ,   School of Business, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China, Zhang Kem Z. K. ,   Faculty of Business Administration, Lakehead University, Canada, Chen Chongyang ,   Dongwu Business School, Soochow University, China, Lee Matthew K. O. ,   College of Business, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Published: March 2022

Obsessive online social gaming has become a worldwide societal challenge that deserves more scholarly investigation. However, this issue has not received much attention in the information systems (IS) research community. Guided by dual-system theory, we theoretically derive a typology of obsessive technology use and contextually adapt it to conceptualize obsessive online social gaming. We also build upon identity theory to develop a dual-identity perspective (i.e., IT identity and social identity) of obsessive online social gaming. We test our research model using a longitudinal survey of 627 online social game users. Our results demonstrate that the typology of obsessive technology use comprises four interrelated types: impulsive use, compulsive use, excessive use, and addictive use. IT identity positively affects the four obsessive online social gaming archetypes and fully mediates the effect of social identity on obsessive online social gaming. The results also show that IT identity is predicted by embeddedness, self-efficacy, and instant gratification, whereas social identity is determined by group similarity, group familiarity, and intragroup communication. Our study contributes to the IS literature by proposing a typology of obsessive technology use, incorporating identity theory to provide a contextualized explanation of obsessive online social gaming and offering implications for addressing the societal challenge.
Finding a Needle in the Haystack:
Recommending Online Communities on Social Media Platforms Using Network and Design Science
Authors: Velichety Srikar ,   Fogelman College of Business and Economics, University of Memphis, USA, Ram Sudha ,   Eller College of Management, University of Arizona, USA
Published: March 2022

We address the problem of recommending online communities on social media platforms using design science. Our method is grounded in network science and leverages the random surfer model of the web, small-world networks, strength of weak connections, and connectivity to analyze three types of large-scale networks. In doing so, we design features for structural hole assortativity and local clustering coefficient rank to capture both the diversity and evolution of user interests. We also extract general online community features such as size and overlap. Experiments conducted on a large dataset of 34,000 lists created and subscribed to by 1,600 active Twitter users over a six-month period showed that our network features outperform the general and content features in terms of recommending communities at the top position. In addition, a combination of general and network features generated the best results in the top position with a significant performance improvement over using only the content features. A combination of all three types of features gave the best results in the top-5 and top-10 positions while improving the quality of recommendations at every other position. Our work outperforms the latest work on community recommendations on social media platforms and has major implications for the design of online community recommenders.
The Mechanics of Enterprise Architecture Principles
Authors: Haki Kazem ,   University of St. Gallen / Geneva School of Business Administration (HES-SO), Switzerland, Legner Christine ,   Faculty of Business and Economics (HEC), University of Lausanne, Switzerland
Published: March 2022

Inspired by the city planning metaphor, enterprise architecture (EA) has gained considerable attention from academia and industry for systematically planning an IT landscape. Since EA is a relatively young discipline, a great deal of its work focuses on architecture representations (descriptive EA) that conceptualize the different architecture layers, their components, and relationships. Beyond architecture representations, EA should comprise principles that guide architecture design and evolution toward predefined value and outcomes (prescriptive EA). However, research on EA principles is still very limited. Notwithstanding the increasing consensus regarding the role and definition of EA principles, the limited publications neither discuss what can be considered suitable principles nor explain how they can be turned into effective means to achieve expected EA outcomes. This study seeks to strengthen the extant theoretical core of EA by investigating EA principles through a mixed methods research design comprising a literature review, an expert study, and three case studies. The first contribution of this study is that it sheds light on the ambiguous interpretation of EA principles in the extant research by ontologically distinguishing between principles and nonprinciples, as well as deriving a set of suitable EA (meta)principles. The second contribution connects the nascent academic discourse on EA principles to studies on EA value and outcomes. This study conceptualizes the “mechanics” of EA principles as a value-creation process, where EA principles shape architecture design and guide its evolution and thereby realize EA outcomes. Consequently, this study brings the underserved, prescriptive aspect of EA to the fore and helps enrich its theoretical foundations.
Thinking Technology as Human: Affordances, Technology Features, and Egocentric Biases in Technology Anthropomorphism
Authors: Zheng Jianqing (Frank) ,   University of Texas at Austin, USA, Jarvenpaa Sirkka L. ,   University of Texas at Austin, USA
Published: March 2022

Advanced information technologies (ITs) are increasingly assuming tasks that have previously required human capabilities, such as learning and judgment. What drives this technology anthropomorphism (TA), or the attribution of humanlike characteristics to IT? What is it about users, IT, and their interactions that influences the extent to which people think of technology as humanlike? While TA can have positive effects, such as increasing user trust in technology, what are the negative consequences of TA? To provide a framework for addressing these questions, we advance a theory of TA that integrates the general three-factor anthropomorphism theory in social and cognitive psychology with the needs-affordances-features perspective from the information systems (IS) literature. The theory we construct helps to explain and predict which technological features and affordances are likely: (1) to satisfy users’ psychological needs, and (2) to lead to TA. More importantly, we problematize some negative consequences of TA. Technology features and affordances contributing to TA can intensify users’ anchoring with their elicited agent knowledge and psychological needs and also can weaken the adjustment process in TA under cognitive load. The intensified anchoring and weakened adjustment processes increase egocentric biases that lead to negative consequences. Finally, we propose a research agenda for TA and egocentric biases.
Bridging Art and Science: Phenomenon-Driven Theorizing
Authors: Gregory Robert Wayne ,   University of Miami, USA, Henfridsson Ola ,   University of Miami, USA
Published: March 2022

We present a model of phenomenon-driven theorizing that may guide researchers in bridging art and science as they engage in pure theory development. The model seeks to leverage activities related to discovery and prescience (conceiving the theory), imagination and logic (constructing the theory), as well as storytelling and scripting (communicating the theory). We illustrate the model through a reflective inquiry into our recent work on data network effects. The model represents a balanced take on theory development and is useful for tempering the natural tendency in academia to drift toward the science of theorizing at the expense of the art of theorizing.
Reach Out and Touch: Eliciting the Sense of Touch Through Gesture-Based Interaction
Authors: Liu Yang (Alison) ,   School of Management, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China, Shen Yi ,   Research Center for Smarter Supply Chain, Dongwu Business School, Soochow University, China, Luo Cheng ,   Corresponding author, College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, China, Chan Hock Chuan ,   Department of Information Systems and Analytics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Published: March 2022

With the development of gesture-based interaction technologies (e.g., touchscreen devices and kinetic controllers), consumers can directly use their hands to interact with web interfaces, which may assist in creating a sense of touch for consumers. Drawing on feelings-as-information theory, this study investigates the impacts of two types of gesture-based interaction (i.e., touchscreen interaction and mid-air interaction) on consumers’ sense of touch. Results from a laboratory experiment showed that touchscreen interaction elicited a higher sense of touch than mid-air interaction when the importance of product haptic information was high. However, touchscreen interaction did not differ from mid-air interaction in terms of eliciting consumers’ sense of touch when the importance of product haptic information was low. Furthermore, consumers’ sense of touch improved their shopping experience satisfaction by reducing uncertainty about products and fostering attachment to products. Theoretically, this study contributes to the existing literature by empirically investigating the effects of gesture-based interaction on consumers’ bodily sensations, elucidating the role of the sense of touch in affecting consumers’ virtual product experience, and highlighting the impact of the interaction method on consumer behavior. This study also provides practical insights into the application of gesture-based interaction technologies.