bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anatomy of a buckling galactic bar
Authors: Łokas Ewa L.
Published: August 2019

UsingN-body simulations we study the buckling instability in a galactic bar forming in a Milky Way-like galaxy. The galaxy is initially composed of an axisymmetric, exponential stellar disk embedded in a spherical dark matter halo. The parameters of the model are chosen so that the galaxy is mildly unstable to bar formation and the evolution is followed for 10 Gyr. A strong bar forms slowly over the first few gigayears and buckles after 4.5 Gyr from the start of the simulation becoming much weaker and developing a pronounced boxy/peanut shape. We measure the properties of the bar at the time of buckling in terms of the mean acceleration, velocity, and distortion in the vertical direction. The maps of these quantities in face-on projections reveal characteristic quadrupole patterns which wind up over a short timescale. We also detect a secondary buckling event lasting much longer and occurring only in the outer part of the bar. We then study the orbital structure of the bar in periods before and after the first buckling. We find that most of the buckling orbits originate from x1 orbits supporting the bar. During buckling the ratio of the vertical to horizontal frequency of the stellar orbits decreases dramatically and after buckling the orbits obey a very tight relation between the vertical and circular frequency: 3ν = 4Ω. We propose that buckling is initiated by the vertical resonance of the x1 orbits creating the initial distortion of the bar that later evolves as kinematic bending waves.
Research and Application of Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Based on α-Stable Distribution
Authors: Fan Huayu , Zhan Hao , Cheng Shixin , Mi Baigang
Published: August 2019

The multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm (MOPSO) has been applied and modified for optimal designs in various engineering fields. However, the intimal algorithm is still has the problems of low accuracy and poor diversity of solutions as it is easy to fall into local optimum in the later evolution stage. A new dynamic mutation operator has been established based on the α-stable distribution theory and incorporated with multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm(ASMOPSO). By using random Numbers which generated by the α-stable distribution, the population of PSO algorithm was mutated. And this mutate operation increases the diversity of the population. Because the stability coefficient in the ASMOPSO algorithm can change the range and amplitude of the mutation. This operation makes the new algorithm has the ability to balance the calculation accuracy and global optimization. Several benchmark functions test show that the ASMOPSO algorithm has fast global optimization ability. The proposed algorithm is applied to the multi-objective aerodynamic optimization design of RAE2822 transonic airfoil. The comparison results also show that ASMOPSO algorithm is more excellent than the basic MOPSO algorithm.
State Feedback and Torque Feed Forward Combined Control System for Suppressing Drill-Strings Stick-Slip Vibration
Authors: Fu Meng , Li Jianghong , Wu Yafeng , Song Shubiao , Zhao Aiqi , Li Wenqing
Published: August 2019

In drilling field, drill-strings stick-slip vibration is a common phenomenon and may lead to a series of drilling accidents. In order to improve drilling efficiency, this paper commits to study a new control system to suppress the undesired stick-slip vibration. In this work, a two degrees of freedom lumped parameter model is established to imitate the drill-strings. A state observer is proposed to estimate the unknown drill-strings states. A reference governor is put forward to optimize drilling parameters. In addition, in order to enhance the anti-interference ability of the closed-loop system, a torque feed forward is introduced into the control system. Based on the state observer and the reference governor, a state feedback and torque feed forward combined controller is designed. The simulation results indicate preliminarily that the designed state feedback and torque feed forward controller, compared with the drilling industry PI controller, has better dynamic performance and stronger ability to eliminate the drill-strings stick-slip vibration. Finally, the control system is applied in the drilling field. The experimental tests demonstrate that the designed controller can effectively suppress the drill-strings stick-slip vibration.
Research on Target Searching Strategy Using Mutual Cueing of Multi-sensor in Multi-platform
Authors: Zhang Yiting , He Jianhua , Tao Siqi , Ji Wensheng , Chen Libin
Published: August 2019

The cueing model for sensor cueing phased array radar is built in this paper to research the mutual cueing of multi-sensor in multi-platform for target searching. For the purpose of establishing the distribution probability density model of targets in cueing airspace, cueing error of multi-platform is derived with error transfer method. The successful cueing probability and false hand-off probability between platforms are analyzed, meanwhile the requirement of timeliness is defined. An optimized target searching strategy of cueing radar which adopts distance search through using the cueing center as starting point and controlling false hand-off probability of a single wave position is put forward. The simulation result illustrates that the searching strategy can significantly save radar search resources to capture target successfully, simultaneously decrease the false hand-off probability. The strategy can be applied to the design of dynamic programming software of multi-sensor in multi-platform for collaborative search, which requires accuracy and real-time capability.
Research on Multi-Sensor Resource Dynamic Allocation Auction Algorithm
Authors: He Jianhua , Tao Siqi , Deng Yang , Chen Libin , Mou Zhiying
Published: August 2019

This paper designs a multi-sensor resource dynamic allocation method based on auction algorithm. Tasks are prioritized according to the needs of the engineering field. Task priority is used as the basis for multi-sensor resource allocation order, taking into account the target's threat value and information needs. The sensor and task pairing function is established and used to measure the sensor resource dynamic allocation, we also use Analytic Hierarchy Process to determine the weight of each performance parameter in the pairing function (such as detection probability, intercept probability, positioning accuracy, tracking accuracy, recognition probability, etc.). The auction algorithm is improved by adding resource dynamic allocation constraints, which not only ensures the continuous execution of the target task, but also improves the dynamic allocation efficiency of multi-sensor resources. The simulation results show that the allocation method in this paper is scientific and reasonable.
Tribological Properties of V-Shaped Surface Texture under Oil Lubrication Condition
Authors: Wu Yuanbo , Yang Xuefeng , Wang Shouren , Cheng Jian , Zhang Hui , Lu Chongyang , Chen Hailong
Published: August 2019

In order to study the tribological properties of V-shaped texture under oil lubrication conditions, the loading force and speed are selected as the influencing factors, each factor selected six levels. Experimental study on friction and wear of V-shaped texture with ring arrangement is finished by MMG-10 Multifunctional Friction and Wear Testing Machine, and the data of the experimental results are analyzed by using Matlab. The results show that there is a near linear relationship between the friction coefficient and the loading force and velocity. The relationship between the friction coefficient and the loading force and velocity can be expressed by a functional equation. The loading force has a greater influence on the friction coefficient than the speed. The SEM images of the post-test specimens show that the main weared zone of the V-shaped texture is the tip part. Create a single V-shaped texture model with Solidworks and use CFD to divide the mesh into the Fluent solution. According to the pressure distribution cloud diagram and the turbulence intensity cloud diagram, the stability of the oil film is improved due to the enhanced fluidity of the oil film and the small change in the oil pressure. The tip portion is also the region with a large turbulence intensity value. The improvement of the stability of the oil film is the key to reduce the friction coefficient of the V-shaped texture when the loading force increases.
Tips and Tricks in Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) for the Characterization and Detection of Liver Malignancies
Authors: Schellhaas Barbara , Strobel Deike
Published: August 2019

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has a high diagnostic accuracy in the assessment of focal liver lesions. Clinical context (presence of liver cirrhosis, history of other malignancy versus incidental finding) is crucial for the correct interpretation of CEUS findings. CEUS has to be preceded by structured anamnesis and clinical examination as well as accurate B-mode sonography. Metastases are the most common malignant liver lesions in a non-cirrhotic liver. According to their contrast enhancement in the arterial phase, metastases are categorized as hyper- and hypo-vascular metastases. A common feature of all metastatic lesions is washout of the contrast agent in the portal venous or late phase. In the context of liver cirrhosis, > 95 % of focal liver lesions are hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). HCCs typically show arterial phase hyperenhancement, followed by mild and gradual contrast washout occurring very late in the late phase. For intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (ICC), the pattern of contrast enhancement in the arterial phase can vary. However, all ICCs typically show early and pronounced washout. Other liver malignancies like lymphoma, angiosarcoma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma and others are very rare. Except for the contrast washout seen in all liver malignancies, they do not display pathognomonic enhancement patterns upon CEUS. Thus, biopsy is indispensable for definite diagnosis of the tumor entity. Furthermore, CEUS is used for the detection of metastases and therapeutic monitoring after local ablative procedures. The examination procedure differs slightly depending on the specific indication (characterization, detection).
Long-term follow-up after multiple plastic stenting for refractory pancreatic duct strictures in chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Tringali Andrea , Bove Vincenzo , Vadalà di Prampero Salvatore F. , Boškoski Ivo , Familiari Pietro , Perri Vincenzo , Costamagna Guido
Published: August 2019

Background Dominant pancreatic duct strictures in chronic pancreatitis are often managed by endoscopic placement of a single plastic stent. Insertion of multiple plastic stents (MPS) has been proven to be effective in managing refractory strictures, but data are still limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and long-term results of MPS to dilate pancreatic duct strictures in chronic pancreatitis.

Methods 48 patients (34 men; mean age 44 years) with chronic pancreatitis and a single pancreatic stent through a refractory stricture in the pancreatic head underwent the following protocol: 1) removal of the single pancreatic stent; 2) balloon dilation of the stricture; 3) insertion of the maximum number of stents; 4) stent removal after 6 – 12 months.

Results The median number of pancreatic plastic stents placed was 3 (diameter 7 – 11.5 Fr, length 3 – 7 cm). Five patients (10.4 %) had persistent strictures after MPS removal. During a mean follow-up of 9.5 years (0.3 – 15.5 years) after stent removal, 74.4 % (32/43) of the patients were asymptomatic, and 25.6 % (11/43) experienced pancreatitis recurrence or pancreatic type pain after a mean time of 26.4 months (8/43, 18.6 % underwent plug extraction without evidence of stricture recurrence; 3/43, 7.0 % had stricture recurrence). No major complications were recorded.

Conclusion Endoscopic multiple plastic stenting of chronic pancreatitis-related pancreatic duct strictures showed satisfactory long-term results, with the option of re-treatment. This procedure can be considered an important therapeutic alternative for painful pancreatic duct strictures located in the head of the pancreas in the setting of chronic pancreatitis.
Vitalstoffmangel trotz Nahrungsüberfluss
Authors: Schmidt Edmund , Schmidt Nathalie
Published: August 2019

Vitalstoffmangel trotz Nahrungsüberfluss – das heutige Nahrungsangebot ist vielfältig wie nie. Trotzdem treten Vitalstoffmängel auf, mit gesundheitlichen Folgen. Gründe dafür sind u. a. die Verarbeitung und Zubereitung der Nahrungsmittel, Umwelteinflüsse, Vitalstoffverluste durch lange Transportwege und Lagerung, qualitative Unterschiede in der Tierhaltung und nicht zuletzt Ernährungsgewohnheiten und Lebensstil.

Anhand wichtiger Vitalstoffe wird die Bedeutung einer ausreichenden Versorgung evident. Die Begleitung durch einen Therapeuten bei Vitalstoffmängeln ist ratsam, um bestmögliche Therapieerfolge zu erzielen und Überdosierungen, wie sie bei der Selbstbehandlung nicht selten vorkommen, zu vermeiden.
Clip-assisted endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection for gastric varices with a gastrorenal shunt: a multicenter study
Authors: Zhang Mingyan , Li Ping , Mou Haijun , Shi Yongjun , Tuo Biguang , Jin Suyun , Sun Ruonan , Wang Guangchuan , Ma Jiali , Zhang Chunqing
Published: August 2019

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of clip-assisted endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection for gastric varices with a gastrorenal shunt.

Methods Records were reviewed of patients with gastric varices and concomitant gastrorenal shunts who underwent clip-assisted endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection at three tertiary centers between April 2016 and October 2018. The assessed outcomes were technical success rate, eradication of gastric varices, cyanoacrylate embolization, and all-cause rebleeding.

Results A total of 61 patients were analyzed. The procedure was successful in all patients (100 %). Gastric varices were eradicated in 30 of 33 patients (90.9 %) according to contrast-enhanced computed tomography re-examination within 1 month after the procedure. No symptoms or signs of cyanoacrylate embolization related to the procedure were observed. Four patients (6.6 %) were lost to follow-up. All-cause rebleeding occurred in 13/57 patients (22.8 %) during a median follow-up period of 225 days (interquartile range 114 – 507 days).

Conclusions Clip-assisted endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection appeared to be a safe procedure that was convenient and efficacious in the treatment of gastric varices with concomitant gastrorenal shunt.
Lysophosphatidylcholine is a Major Component of Platelet Microvesicles Promoting Platelet Activation and Reporting Atherosclerotic Plaque Instability
Authors: Diehl Philipp , Nienaber Frederik , Zaldivia Maria T. K. , Stamm Johannes , Siegel Patrick M. , Mellett Natalie A. , Wessinger Marius , Wang Xiaowei , McFadyen James D. , Bassler Nicole , Puetz Gerhard , Htun Nay M. , Braig David , Habersberger Jonathon , Helbing Thomas , Eisenhardt Steffen U. , Fuller Maria , Bode Christoph , Meikle Peter J. , Chen Yung Chih , Peter Karlheinz
Published: August 2019

Background Microvesicles (MVs) are small cell-derived vesicles, which are mainly released by activated cells. They are part of a communication network delivering biomolecules, for example, inflammatory molecules, via the blood circulation to remote cells in the body. Platelet-derived MVs are known to induce vascular inflammation. Research on the mediators and mechanisms of their inflammatory effects has attracted major interest. We hypothesize that specific lipids are the mediators of vascular inflammation caused by platelet-derived MVs.

Methods and Results Liquid chromatography electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry was used for lipid profiling of platelet-derived MVs. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) was found to be a major component of platelet-derived MVs. Investigating the direct effects of LPC, we found that it induces platelet activation, spreading, migration and aggregation as well as formation of inflammatory platelet–monocyte aggregates. We show for the first time that platelets express the LPC receptor G2AR, which mediates LPC-induced platelet activation. In a mouse model of atherosclerotic plaque instability/rupture, circulating LPC was detected as a surrogate marker of plaque instability. These findings were confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization imaging, which showed that the LPC concentration of human plaques was highest in vulnerable plaque regions.

Conclusion LPC is a major component of platelet-derived MVs and via its interaction with G2AR on platelets contributes to platelet activation, spreading, migration and aggregation and ultimately to vascular inflammation. Circulating LPC reports on atherosclerotic plaque instability in mice and is significantly increased in unstable areas of atherosclerotic plaques in both mice and humans, linking LPC to plaque instability.
Diagnostic Testing in Central Nervous System Infection
Authors: Kanjilal Sanjat , Cho Tracey A. , Piantadosi Anne
Published: August 2019

Patients with central nervous system (CNS) infection experience very high levels of morbidity and mortality, in part because of the many challenges inherent to the diagnosis of CNS infection and identification of a causative pathogen. The clinical presentation of CNS infection is nonspecific, so clinicians must often order and interpret many diagnostic tests in parallel. This can be a daunting task given the large number of potential pathogens and the availability of different testing modalities. Here, we review traditional diagnostic techniques including Gram stain and culture, serology, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We highlight which of these are recommended for the pathogens most commonly tested among U.S. patients with suspected CNS infection. Finally, we describe the newer broad-range diagnostic approaches, multiplex PCR and metagenomic sequencing, which are increasingly used in clinical practice.
Gross Anatomy of the Heart of Pampas Deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus, Linnaeus 1758)
Authors: Vazquez Noelia , Dos Santos Dellis , Pérez William , Artigas Rody , Sorriba Victoria
Published: August 2019

The pampas deer belongs to the Cervidae family (Artiodactyla order). It used to be a common and abundant species that had a wide distribution. However, at the end of the 19th century, the populations were decimated. In general, the hearts of mammals share many similarities, but size, shape, position, vessel organization and branching can vary among species. The objective of the present study was to describe the macroscopic morphology, topography and irrigation of the heart of the pampas deer. The anatomical study was conducted with 20 animals that had died of natural causes. The animals were studied by simple dissection. All animals had colored latex injected into one of the common carotid arteries to facilitate the visualization. The position of the heart, with a 45° axis, the presence of a double sternopericardial ligament, and the bilateral cardiac circulation were some of the notable findings.
Imaging of Intracranial Infections
Authors: Abdalkader Mohamad , Xie Juliana , Cervantes-Arslanian Anna , Takahashi Courtney , Mian Asim Z.
Published: August 2019

Central nervous system (CNS) infections are a major source of morbidity and mortality despite the remarkable progress in prevention and treatment of infectious disease. Because of the difficulty of direct tissue sampling, imaging plays a crucial role in detecting, diagnosing, and monitoring the therapeutic response of CNS infections. An accurate diagnosis in CNS infections is especially rewarding, given the availability of potential effective antimicrobials.

Bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections may affect the brain and/or its meningeal coverings, and can be characterized by a variety of radiological patterns that help narrow the differential diagnoses and eventually tailor the optimal management.

This review addresses the typical imaging findings of intracranial infectious diseases in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients.
Platelet-Rich Plasma: Principles and Applications in Plastic Surgery
Authors: Abu-Ghname Amjed , Perdanasari Aurelia Trisliana , Davis Matthew J. , Reece Edward M.
Published: August 2019

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autogenously harvested liquid platelet concentrate extracted from a patient's peripheral blood that contains higher than baseline concentrations of growth factors and cytokines. This innovative new technology has demonstrated great promise in the field of plastic surgery, and its use has been evaluated in several clinical settings including wound healing, hair restoration, and skin rejuvenation. The goal of this article is to explain the biology behind PRP and to review the basic principles involved in its preparation. This will be followed by a discussion of some clinical applications of PRP in both aesthetic and reconstructive plastic surgery.
Principles and Applications of Fat Grafting in Plastic Surgery
Authors: Abu-Ghname Amjed , Perdanasari Aurelia Trisliana , Reece Edward M.
Published: August 2019

Autologous fat transplantation has become increasingly popular in recent years. Its biocompatable properties and availability made it a widely used treatment modality for soft tissue augmentation and volume replacement in both reconstructive and aesthetic plastic surgery. Multiple protocols and clinical applications have been described in the literature, with wide variations in the harvesting, processing, and injection techniques. In this review, the authors will discuss the basic principles and clinical applications of fat grafting in plastic and reconstructive surgery. The article will then conclude with a discussion of fat grafting limitations as well as potential future applications, giving the reader a well-rounded understanding of autologous fat transfer.
Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: A Two-Way Street
Authors: Sharma Bal Krishan , Flick Matthew J. , Palumbo Joseph S.
Published: August 2019

Pathological activation of the coagulation system occurs with virtually all forms of cancer, particularly epithelial malignancies. Accordingly, thrombosis is one of the most common comorbidities associated with cancer. Indeed, cancer-associated thromboembolism is the second leading cause of death for cancer patients, second only to the cancer itself. The identification of specific molecular mechanisms whereby tumor cells activate the coagulation system and drive thrombosis has been an active area of investigation for several decades. Studies in animal models and human trials have revealed that there is a bidirectional relationship between coagulation factor activity and cancer, whereby the pathological hemostatic system activation associated with cancer not only promotes thromboembolism but also drives progression of the malignancy. Numerous studies indicate that factors up and down the clotting cascade can contribute to various stages of cancer, including tumorigenesis, primary tumor growth, and metastasis. Although there are some mechanistic points of commonality, there are also clearly context-dependent contributions of coagulation components to cancer progression dependent on the type of cancer and stage of disease. It is also notable that in some instances, coagulation factors appear to contribute to cancer progression independently of their traditional roles in hemostasis and thrombosis. Here, the authors review the current state of the field with regard to hemostatic factor-driven cancer pathogenesis.
Level of Physical Activity on the Body Image of Young Women
Authors: Santana Katielly , Ferraz Almir de França , Dias André Rodrigues Lourenço , Rodrigues Rosilene Andrade Silva , Pasa Camila , Fett Waléria Christiane Rezende , Viana Michell Vetoracci , Figueira Aylton , Fett Carlos Alexandre
Published: August 2019

Physical exercise has the ability to alter the measurements of the body related to esthetic. The objective of the present study was to compare the body image and body esthetic between two groups of women with different levels of physical activity. We evaluated 79 women who were divided into 2 groups: 39 women with low or moderate levels of physical activity, and 40 women with high levels of physical activity according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Anthropometric and body composition measurements were taken using the InBody S10 multifrequency device (InBody Co., Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea). The scale of silhouettes, which is composed of 9 engravings of body images, was used to verify the body image, as well as the Portuguese version of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) validated for university students. The group of evaluators was composed of twenty physical education professionals of both sexes, ten male and ten female. The group with low/moderate levels of physical activity, as expected, showed a lower amount (minutes per week) of physical activity of mild, moderate and vigorous intensity when compared with the group with high levels of physical activity (p < 0.05), and they also had a higher ratio of fat mass (FM) per height squared (p = 0.047). The BSQ questionnaire scores, the current and ideal silhouettes, as well as body image dissatisfaction, were not different between the groups (p > 0.05). The overall body esthetic score, attributed only by the male and only by the female evaluators, did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). We concluded that the level of physical activity did not influence the body image and body esthetic of the women.
Shear Alfvén and acoustic continuum in general axisymmetric toroidal geometry
Authors: Falessi Matteo Valerio , Carlevaro Nakia , Fusco Valeria , Vlad Gregorio , Zonca Fulvio
Published: August 2019

The equations describing the continuous spectrum of shear Alfvén and ion sound waves propagating along magnetic field lines are introduced and solved in the ballooning space for general geometry in the ideal MHD limit. This approach is equivalent to earlier analyses by Chu et al. 1992 [Phys. Fluids B 4, 3713 (1992)], but the present formulation in the ballooning space allows us to readily extend it to include gyrokinetic and three-dimensional equilibrium effects. In particular, following Chen and Zonca 2017 [Phys. Plasmas 24, 072511 (2017)], the MHD limit is adopted to illustrate the general methodology in a simple case, and the equations are solved within the framework of Floquet and Hill's equation theory. The connection of shear Alfvén and ion sound wave continuum structures to the generalized plasma inertia in the general fishbonelike dispersion relation is also illustrated and discussed. As an application, the continuous frequency spectrum is calculated for a reference equilibrium of the Divertor Tokamak Test facility. The results are compared with those obtained by the MARS code adopting the standard methodology, demonstrating excellent agreement.
AC elastocaloric effect as a probe for thermodynamic signatures of continuous phase transitions
Authors: Ikeda M. S. , Straquadine J. A. W. , Hristov A. T. , Worasaran T. , Palmstrom J. C. , Sorensen M. , Walmsley P. , Fisher I. R.
Published: August 2019

Studying the response of materials to strain can elucidate subtle properties of the electronic structure in strongly correlated materials. Here, we focus on the elastocaloric coefficients, forming a second rank tensor quantity describing the relation between entropy and strain. In contrast to the better-known elastoresistivity, the elastocaloric effect is a thermodynamic quantity. Experimentally, elastocaloric effect measurements are demanding since the thermodynamic conditions during the measurement have to be well controlled. In this work, we present a technique to measure the elastocaloric effect under quasiadiabatic conditions. The technique is based on oscillating strain, which allows for increasing the frequency of the elastocaloric effect above the thermal relaxation rate of the sample. We apply the technique to Co-doped iron pnictide superconductors and show that the thermodynamic signatures of second order phase transitions in the elastocaloric effect closely follow those observed in calorimetry experiments. In contrast to heat capacity, elastocaloric effect measurements allow for the electronic signatures to be measured against a small phononic background even at high temperatures and in addition give information on the symmetry of the involved order parameters. This establishes the technique as a powerful complimentary tool for extracting the entropy landscape as a function of strain proximate to a continuous phase transition.
Dynamical pruning of the non-equilibrium quantum dynamics of trapped ultracold bosons
Authors: Köhler F. , Keiler K. , Mistakidis S. I. , Meyer H.-D. , Schmelcher P.
Published: August 2019

The investigation of the nonequilibrium quantum dynamics of bosonic many-body systems is very challenging due to the excessively growing Hilbert space and poses a major problem for their theoretical description and simulation. We present a novel dynamical pruning approach in the framework of the multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree method for bosons (MCTDHB) to tackle this issue by dynamically detecting the most relevant number states of the underlying physical system and modifying the many-body Hamiltonian accordingly. We discuss two different number state selection criteria as well as two different ways to modify the Hamiltonian. Our scheme regularly re-evaluates the number state selection in order to dynamically adapt to the time evolution of the system. To benchmark our methodology, we study the nonequilibrium dynamics of bosonic particles confined either in an optical lattice or in a double-well potential. It is shown that our approach reproduces the unpruned MCTDHB results accurately while yielding a significant reduction of the simulation time. The speedup is particularly pronounced in the case of the optical lattice.
Perspective on ab initio phonon thermal transport
Authors: Lindsay Lucas , Katre Ankita , Cepellotti Andrea , Mingo Natalio
Published: August 2019

Coupling of the Peierls-Boltzmann equation with density functional theory paved the way for predictive thermal materials discovery and a variety of new physical insights into vibrational transport behaviors. Rapid theoretical and numerical developments have generated a wealth of thermal conductivity data and understanding of a wide variety of materials—1D, 2D, and bulk—for thermoelectric and thermal management applications. Nonetheless, modern ab initio descriptions of phonon thermal transport face challenges regarding the effects of defects, disorder, structural complexity, strong anharmonicity, quasiparticle couplings, and time and spatially varying perturbations. Highlighting recent research on these issues, this perspective explores opportunities to expand current ab initio phonon transport techniques beyond the paradigm of weakly perturbed crystals, to the wider variety of materials possible. Recent developments in phonon-defect interactions, complexity, disorder and anharmonicity, hydrodynamic transport, and the rising roles of molecular dynamics simulations, high throughput, and machine learning tools are included in this perspective. As more sophisticated theoretical and computational methods continue to advance thermal transport predictions, novel vibrational physics and thermally functional materials will be discovered for improved energy technologies.
Influence of annealing on the electrical characteristic of GaSbBi Schottky diodes
Authors: Cao Zhongming , Veal Tim D. , Ashwin Mark J. , Dawson Karl , Sandall Ian
Published: August 2019

The influence of postgrowth thermal annealing on GaSbBi Schottky barrier diodes has been investigated. The effects of the annealing temperature and time on the material quality and electrical characteristics of the diodes have been studied. The I-V characteristics indicated a better ideality factor and less leakage current at the reverse bias, as the annealing temperature increased up to 500 °C for a duration of 30 min. X-ray diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscope measurements were performed to verify that the bismuth composition was unaffected during the annealing process. Energy dispersive x-ray analysis indicated that Sb clustering occurs at high annealing temperatures, resulting in a concomitant degradation in the electrical performance. The optimum electrical characteristics of the diode were obtained with an annealing temperature of 500 °C for 30 min, resulting in an ideality factor of 1.3 being achieved.
Conductivity and diffusion coefficients in fully ionized strongly coupled plasma: Method of molecular dynamics
Authors: Bobrov A. A. , Bunkov A. M. , Bronin S. Y. , Klyarfeld A. B. , Zelener B. B. , Zelener B. V.
Published: August 2019

We present the results of calculations of diffusion coefficients and electrical conductivity of ultracold single and multiply charged plasma by the method of molecular dynamics. The calculations are carried out in a wide range of Coulomb coupling parameters. We thus gain access to fundamental aspects of strongly coupled plasmas under conditions where experimental measurements are difficult. The results obtained for our model can be used for any equilibrium or nonequilibrium strongly coupled plasmas, in which quantum effects are negligible. Comparison with experimental data is made. Theoretical and experimental results are in good agreement. It is shown that the law of similarity for Coulomb systems is valid in a wide region of coupling.
Improvement of some growth and yield parameters of faba bean (Vicia faba) by inoculation with Rhizobium laguerreae and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Pereira Sandra , Mucha Ângela , Gonçalves Berta , Bacelar Eunice , Látr Aleš , Ferreira Helena , Oliveira Irene , Rosa Eduardo , Marques Guilhermina
Published: August 2019

The use of improved biofertilisers such as rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in legume crops is a promising technology that can be an alternative source of nitrogen and phosphorus. A common problem when growing faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and other leguminous plants is the low efficiency of native rhizobial strains. Consequently, there is a need to search for efficient nitrogen-fixing inoculant strains able to increase crop productivity. This study aimed to test the effects of single and dual inoculation with Rhizobium laguerreae and AMF on the growth and yield of faba bean plants. Several parameters were evaluated at flowering stage (number of flowers, stems and leaves, shoot and root biomass, leaf area, leaf mass per area and leaf area ratio, and gas-exchange parameters) and at harvesting stage (number and weight of pods and seeds). Plants receiving single inoculation with Rhizobium laguerreae showed a significant increase in number of leaves, leaf area, leaf mass per area and leaf area ratio, as well as in all yield parameters. Single inoculation with AMF also significantly increased the yield parameters of faba bean plants. Co-inoculation presented significant improvements in leaf area ratio and in all productivity parameters compared with the control, but co-inoculation was not significantly different from the individual inoculations.
The herophile species group of Calisto (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae : Satyrinae), new taxa and historical biogeography
Authors: Núñez Rayner , Barro-Cañamero Alejandro , Minno Marc C. , Fernández Douglas M. , Hausmann Axel
Published: August 2019

The genus Calisto is endemic tothe West Indiesand the only representative there of the Satyrinae. Here wereconstruct the evolutionary relationshipsof the herophile group and describe five new species from Cuba: Calisto gundlachi sp. nov., Calisto siguanensis sp. nov., Calisto disjunctus sp. nov., Calisto sharkeyae sp. nov. and Calisto lastrai sp. nov.We employ one mitochondrial and four nuclear markers to assess the phylogenetic position, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference approaches, of the new taxa. Our phylogenetic trees yielded two strongly supported main clades with four of the new species included within them and C. sharkeyae as sister group to the rest of the major main clade. We conduct time-divergence estimations and ancestral area reconstructions using BEAST and BioGeoBEARS. The group originated 12.15 million years ago during the middle Miocene in north-eastern Cuba, Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa Massif. After 6 million years of in situ evolution most lineages started to colonise other Cuban territories and the Bahamas. This scenario is consistent with key geological events, including the closure of the western Havana–Matanzas channel 8–6 million years ago, the uplift of the Sierra Maestra 6–5 million years ago, and the land connections among Cuban regions during the Miocene–Pleistocene sea level drops. Dispersal and vicariance processes may have occurred, with populations surviving floodings on the major and minor mountain ranges, which remained as ‘islands’. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:03690F79-F938-42A0-B234-4A228D5C1913
Integrating fish into irrigation infrastructure projects in Myanmar: rice-fish what if…?
Authors: Dubois Mark J. , Akester Michael , Leemans Kimio , Teoh Shwu Jiau , Stuart Alex , Thant Aung Myo , San Su Su , Shein Nilar , Leh Mansoor , Moet Palal Moet , Radanielson Ando M.
Published: August 2019

With rapidly increasing investment in water control infrastructure (WCI) and a recently ratified agriculture development strategy that promotes integrated farming of high-value products such as fish, agricultural production, already fundamental to Myanmar’s economy, will be central to driving the countries’ socioeconomic transformation. Water planners and managers have a unique opportunity to design and manage WCI to incorporate fish and, in so doing, reduce conflicts and optimise the benefits to both people and the ecosystem services upon which they depend. Results from rice–fish culture experimental trials in Myanmar’s Ayeyarwady Delta are providing an evidence base for the importance of integrating fish into WCI, highlighting a range of both environmental and social benefits. By using less than 13% of paddy land area and through best management practices, existing rice productivity is sustained, alongside a 25% increase in economic returns for the same land area from fish. In addition, there are considerably more protein and micronutrients available from the fish produced in the system. Should these farming system innovations be adopted at scale, Myanmar stands to benefit from increased employment, incomes and nutritional value of farm plots (alongside associated reductions in pesticide pollution) and water use benefits.1
Chemical composition of wildfire ash produced in contrasting ecosystems and its toxicity to Daphnia magna
Authors: Harper Ashleigh R. , Santin Cristina , Doerr Stefan H. , Froyd Cynthia A. , Albini Dania , Otero Xose Luis , Viñas Lucia , Pérez-Fernández Begoña
Published: August 2019

It is well established in the world’s fire-prone regions that wildfires can considerably change the hydrological dynamics of freshwater catchments. Limited research, however, has focused on the potential impacts of wildfire ash toxicity on aquatic biota. Here, we assess the chemical composition and toxicity of ash generated from wildfires in six contrasting vegetation types distributed globally (UK grassland, Spanish pine forest, Spanish heathland, USA chaparral, Australian eucalypt forest and Canadian spruce forest). Acute (48h) immobilisation tests were conducted on the extensively studied aquatic macroinvertebrate Daphnia magna, a sensitive indicator of aquatic contaminants. We found significant differences between the chemical composition and toxicity of these ash types. The UK and Spanish ash had no detectable toxicity to Daphnia magna, whereas the Australian eucalypt, USA chaparral and Canadian spruce ash all caused significant toxicity (immobilisation). The principal characteristics of the latter ash types were their high pH, and NO3−, Cl− and conductivity levels. Elevated water-soluble and total concentrations of metals (e.g. Mn, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu and As) and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were not linked to toxicity.
Investigation of the effects of interactions of intersecting oblique fire lines with and without wind in a combustion wind tunnel
Authors: Sullivan Andrew L. , Swedosh William , Hurley Richard J. , Sharples Jason J. , Hilton James E.
Published: August 2019

Quantification of the interaction of intersecting and non-intersecting fire perimeters over a range of shapes, sizes and orientations is essential to understanding the behaviour of high-intensity wildfires that have become discontiguous as a result of spot fires or effects of broken topography or fuels. One key configuration is that of the V-shaped fire where two individual lines of fire intersect at oblique angles. Previous work under calm conditions in pine needle litter and straw found the speed of propagation of the vertex of the intersection to increase non-linearly as the angle of intersection decreased. The present paper investigates this relation in dry eucalypt forest litter in both the absence and presence of wind (~1.0ms−1) and found that the increase in vertex speed under calm conditions was no greater than would be expected due to the geometry of the configuration. Conversely, in the presence of wind, the increase in the vertex propagation speed was substantially greater than explained by the geometry alone. Although these results suggest that fire line interactions can influence the behaviour and spread of coalescing fire fronts, further research is required to both identify the precise mechanisms driving this behaviour and quantify the resultant effects.
Constructing a corpus-informed list of Arabic formulaic sequences (ArFSs) for language pedagogy and technology
Authors: Alghamdi Ayman , Atwell Eric
Published: August 2019

This study aims to construct a corpus-informed list of Arabic Formulaic Sequences (ArFSs) for use in language pedagogy (LP) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. A hybrid mixed methods model was adopted for extracting ArFSs from a corpus, that combined automatic and manual extracting methods, based on well-established quantitative and qualitative criteria that are relevant from the perspective of LP and NLP. The pedagogical implications of this list are examined to facilitate the inclusion of ArFSs in the process of learning and teaching Arabic, particularly for non-native speakers. The computational implications of the ArFSs list are related to the key role of the ArFSs as a novel language resource in the improvement of various Arabic NLP tasks.
Mental Health Nurses’ Experiences of Risk Assessments for Care Planning in Forensic Psychiatry
Authors: Nyman Marielle , Hofvander Björn , Nilsson Thomas , Wijk Helle
Published: August 2019

The risk of patients committing violence implies major challenges throughout the care process in forensic psychiatry and brings risk assessments to the fore. The aim was to explore nurses’ experiences of risk assessments for their care planning and risk management in forensic psychiatry. Data were collected through focus groups with 15 nurses. The qualitative content analysis followed a deductive approach guided by the person-centered philosophy. When exploring nurses’ reasoning on risk assessment, units related to person-centered principles were identified. The findings showed that nurses made great efforts to confirm the unique person behind the patient, even when challenged by patients’ life histories of violence. They also regarded therapeutic alliance as crucial, although this needed to be balanced between caring and restricting actions. A fruitful strategy to preserve therapeutic alliance may be to increase the use of a structured focus on protective factors in treatment plans towards promoting recovery-oriented policies and practices.
Density of Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) in Gunung Basor-Stong Utara Forest Reserve, Kelantan, Malaysia
Authors: Hamirul Shah Ab Razak Muhamad , Hambali Kamarul , Anis Amaludin Nazahatul , Eh Rak Aweng , Hanisah Abdul Malek Nur
Published: August 2019

To date, much of the information on the clouded leopard study were more focus on Sunda clouded leopard. With the advance of technology, the use of camera trap had enhanced the opportunity for all researchers to study more deeply on species of interest in more intensely larger scale and cost benefit. This paper presents the density estimate of clouded leopard in Gunung Basor-Stong Utara Forest Complex (GB-SUFC). A total of 19 individuals of clouded leopard (14 males, 5 unknown) had been identified. Based on the spatial explicit capture-recapture model (SECR). The estimate density of the clouded leopard in GB-SUFC was (D^±SE) 1.15±0.35 adult clouded leopard/100km2. Results from this study will serve as an important baseline on the population density of clouded leopard in GB-SUFC and provides more information on clouded leopard population and ecology especially in Peninsular Malaysia and could also potentially guide and assist the authorities in formulating crucial conservation plans for this threatened species.
Annotated checklist of odonates (Insecta: Odonata) in Sungai Bantang Recreational Forest, Bekok, Johor, Malaysia
Authors: Abdul Aziz M A A , Mohamed M
Published: August 2019

A total of 34 species of odonates, including 17 species of dragonflies (Anisoptera) belonging to 2 families, and 15 species of damselflies (Zygoptera) belonging to 8 families were collected and recorded from Hutan Lipur Sungai Bantang in January, May and July 2017. From the suborder Anisoptera, Libellulidae is the most dominant family with 15 species and from the suborder Zygoptera, the richest family were Chlorocyphidae, Euphaeidae and Platycnemididae, each with three species respectively. A detailed list of odonates recorded from Hutan Lipur Sungai Bantang is presented. The result forms a baseline data of odonate fauna in this forest reserve useful in the monitoring of water quality of rivers found in the forest reserves in the future.
Optimization of Sunnah Food-Based Cookies Formulation
Authors: Hakimi Abdul Khairi Amir , Kormin Faridah , Alyani Zainol Abidin Nurul , Aini Fatihah Anuar Nur , Shafawati Mohd Shafiie Nor
Published: August 2019

Iron deficiency may occur to any individual but it was a major concern for pregnant woman. Loss of blood during maternal bleeding may lead to iron deficiency and this situation shoud be avoided for pregnant woman. Sunnah cookies is rich in iron and other minerals which help to boost iron content in the body. The aim of this study was to optimize the formulation of cookies enrich with Sunnah food such as raisins, dates, honey and figs. The value-added cookie samples were prepared in twenty-four formulations and the combination was through the application of Simplex-centroid mixture design by Design Expert. Mineral and proximate value were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer while sensory evaluation was measured in terms of nine dependent variables by 60 untrained panelists using 9-point hedonic scale. Results showed that the combination of 64% of honey and 36% of figs gave the highest desirability value of 0.692. The value of iron, magnesium and zinc were 9.04, 164.58 and 27.38 mg/kg respectively. However, sensory evaluation revealed that sample cookies number 753 (the highest quality score of acceptability in terms of taste, texture, odor, sweetness, sourness and overall acceptability.