bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Offloading Through Emphasis Manipulation Sequencing During a Complex Learning Process in Cognitive Load and Learning Transfer
Authors: Choi Soonri , Song Jihoon
Published: July 2023

We propose a plan to facilitate the development of backward constituent skills within a complex learning process through the manipulation of emphasis sequencing. To achieve this, we utilized perceptual offloading cues as supportive information in emphasis sequencing, taking into consideration principles of information processing and cognitive loads. We examined changes in cognitive loads (intrinsic load, extraneous load, and germane load) as the complexity of each component increased. Our sample included 56 college students from Gyeonggi-do province who were tasked with completing a series of progressively complex PowerPoint functions, focusing on the acquisition of constituent skills. The experiments were conducted over five sessions, with cognitive load measurements taken after the fourth session was concluded. Learning transfer was evaluated by collecting and assessing the students' work at the end of the fifth session. The results demonstrated significant effects of emphasis manipulation sequencing in reducing cognitive load and facilitating the learning transfer process. The use of offloaded perceptual cues in this manner proved to be an effective strategy for enhancing the development of constituent skills learned through emphasis manipulation sequencing, while effectively managing and minimizing cognitive load in complex learning scenarios.
Re-framing and fracturing Caribbean-Canadian diasporas through a self-reflexive lens
Authors: Angela Mohabeer Michelle
Published: July 2023

This paper begins with an overview of the theorization of diasporic media by various scholars from Canada and the UK, and gestures to how the typology of diasporic media charted by Eugenia Siapera in her chapter ‘Minority and Diasporic Media’ elides an account of alternative diasporic media arts (independent film and video) produced by intersectional plural identities diasporic subjects/artists whose work unsettle relations to the heteronormative, raced and gendered constructions of the nation, nationality, migration. The second part of the article is written from Michelle’s perspective as a queer racialized Caribbean-Canadian diasporic artist, engages in a self-reflexive analysis of the fractured Indo-Caribbean diasporic identity and aesthetics represented inCoconut/Cane & Cutlass(Canada/Guyana, 1994) and Black female and queer subjectivities represented inBlu in You(Canada/Tobago, 2008).
Photography and diaspora
Authors: Lewis Sarojini
Published: July 2023

This essay utilizes the rich photographic collections of the Herrnhut Archive, Rijksmuseum and Tropenmuseum to explore alternative ways of understanding the colonial Indian labour diaspora, to infuse new meanings into old pictures and to draw upon the reinterpretation of historical images to reframe personal female migration stories from an artistic perspective. This essay presents an overview of the photography of colonial subjects in India and of her diaspora, and discusses the symbolism and representations of selected case studies of individuals and groups in the Dutch colonial territory of Surinam. From this analysis, the author presents the significance of her findings for the evolution of her own work as an Indian woman of diaspora heritage exploring new ways of articulating complex personal and group identities through the medium of exhibitions and installations.
Reflections while in Mauritius
Authors: Ghosh Amitav
Published: July 2023

Amitav Ghosh reflects on Khal Torabully and V.S. Naipaul whilst travelling in Mauritius to undertake research for his novel Sea of Poppies.
The long-term average spectrum in forensic phonetics: From collation to discrimination of speakers
Authors: Just Alcaraz Jordi
Published: July 2023

The present work aims to provide more data regarding the comparison and discrimination of speech samples in the field of forensic phonetics. The methodology used was an acoustic method called long- term average spectrum (LTAS), by calculating its spectral decline. The informants were grouped into a total of four female speakers of the same age by close geographical origins. The extracted data were presented qualitatively and quantitatively. In view of the results, the identification of speakers was not successful in all cases. After discussing the results, implications for judicial phonetics and recommendations for future studies were collected.
From the Atlantic to the Mediterranean: the voyage of Rui Teixeira to the Italian Peninsula from Portugal
Authors: Nelson Novoa James W.
Published: July 2023

The article deals with the interest that mercantile and diasporic communities had in securing safe havens for themselves in early modern Italy through the example of the Portuguese New Christian merchant Rui Teixeira, who in 1593 managed to be invited by both Rome and Tuscany. In his condition as a longtime resident of Portugal and Brazil, he cultivated interest about himself to secure his invitation to leave Portugal along with his family. This suggests that belonging to a mobile minority with commercial links that criss-crossed the Atlantic fed into an existing interest in the Atlantic world, especially in Tuscany, at the end of the sixteenth century.
Drawing Play: A Content Analysis of Children's Drawings of Places Where They Like to Play
Authors: Barriage Sarah , deSouza Darcey K. , Zitter Shoshana , Sarabu Chethan
Published: July 2023

Abstract: This study sought to understand where children like to play using arts-based methods. Participants were recruited from a large US medical clinic serving a predominantly Latinx and low-income urban area. While waiting to see the doctor for a well-child visit, 19 6- to 12-year-old children were given drawing materials and asked to draw the places where they like to play. We conducted a descriptive content analysis of identifiable elements in the drawings, followed by an interpretive analysis of locations, social relationships, and activities. Children's drawings predominantly depicted outdoor environments and physical activities. Few drawings depicted children playing with others.
A New Perceived Restorativeness Scale for Children's Everyday Environment (PRS-ChEE): Evaluating the Restorative Potential of Orphanages' Outdoor Spaces from the Viewpoint of Children
Authors: Mani Maryam , Woolley Helen , Russell Jean
Published: July 2023

Abstract: According to attention restoration theory (ART), the mental fatigue that results from the enhanced demands on directed attention imposed by an urban lifestyle can be restored by exposure to natural settings known as restorative environments. This opportunity becomes more important for children who spend a significant part of their life in institutions such as orphanages. Although the restorative qualities of a setting have a great impact on children's happiness and development, it has been uncommon to ask children to evaluate the restorative potential of their surroundings. We developed a valid and reliable "Perceived Restorativeness Scale for Children's Everyday Environment (PRS-ChEE)" based on ART and administered it to 118 children (7 to 17 years) at three orphanages in Iran. The results demonstrated that children scored different orphanages' outdoor spaces differently, due to varying degrees of size, naturalness, and play equipment, indicating the reliability of the scale.
Empowering Adolescent Girls during a Global Pandemic: An Initiative through the Scheme for Adolescent Girls and the Kanyashree Prakalpa Convergence (SAG-KP) Program
Authors: Banerjee Arpita , Karar Arnab , Ghosh Nilanjana , Bhattacharyya Indrani , Adhikari Santwana
Published: July 2023

Abstract: We discuss the shift in program modalities during COVID-19 within the Scheme for Adolescent Girls and Kanyashree Prakalpa (SAG-KP) Convergence Program in the state of West Bengal, India. Field insights as well as available program data from the Child in Need Institute's (CINI) intervention areas revealed that strict lockdowns and restricted unlocking phases during the pandemic led to changed program pathways—from offline/in-person activities to online adolescent group discussions and health message dissemination, plus counselling services through social media and telephone. Prolonged school closures impelled the adolescent girls to undertake vocational/skill-based training, including kitchen garden work to supplement their nutritional needs. The circulation of key messages through online groups also helped in preventing child marriages. Important lessons learned from the lockdown phase are that adolescent girls can benefit from regular contact and regular online/offline sessions or workshops.
Underwater spectral reflectance measurements: the reflectance standard submersion factor and its impact on derived target reflectance
Authors: Russell Brandon J. , Dierssen Heidi M.
Published: July 2023

For Earth observation remote sensing, high quality reflectance spectra
are necessary for model input, algorithm development, and validation
of derived products. In the aquatic environment, a common approach for
making spectral reflectance measurements involves using a calibrated
reflectance standard such as a Spectralon plaque underwater. The
manufacturer provides a National Institute of Standards and Technology
traceable reflectance curve with each standard, measured in air. Here,
we demonstrate how the reflectance factor changes when submerged in
water based on the standard albedo and viewing geometry. Target
reflectances calculated incorrectly with the air calibrated values are
10%–60% lower than those estimated with submerged plaque
calibrations. We provide guidelines for proper use and calibration of
standards underwater.
Experimental demonstration of dyed water aerosol fluorescence stimulated by femtosecond laser postfilaments propagating in air
Authors: Apeksimov Dmitry V. , Geints Yury E. , Oshlakov Victor K. , Petrov Aleksey V.
Published: July 2023

We present the fluorescence spectra of single millimeter water droplets and micron-sized dyed water aerosol (rhodamine 6G) stimulated by a high-intensity femtosecond Ti:sapphire-laser pulse (carrier wavelength 792 nm) upon its nonlinear propagation in air. The distinctive feature of our experimental measurements is that the droplet fluorescence is obtained in the area of plasma-free pulse propagation after the pulse filamentation has already been terminated (postfilamentation region). Our results significantly expand the working area of femtosecond laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy for remote diagnostics of atmospheric aerosols.
Recording the angular dispersion of a terahertz beam into its frequency spectrum for fast measurements
Authors: Han Yongpeng , Zhao Jiayu , Wang Qining , Yan Jiaao , Yao Yao , Xiao Jiahao , Liu Chang , Zhu Feifan , Lao Li , Peng Yan
Published: July 2023

The frequency-dependent divergence angle of terahertz (THz) beams is a crucial aspect in understanding the generation and transmission of broadband THz waves. However, traditional beam profiling methods, such as 1D or 2D translation/rotation scanning detection, are time-consuming and wasteful of THz energy, making them unsuitable for fast measurement applications, such as single-shot THz generation and detection. Here, we proposed a simple solution that involves passing the THz beam through a core-anti-resonant reflective (CARR) cavity (e.g., a paper tube). The spatial information of the beam is then recorded into its frequency spectrum, which can be easily detected by a following traditional THz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) system or a single-shot sampling setup. Our method enables the acquisition of the angular dispersion without repetitive measurements, and represents a significant step forward in fast and efficient achievement of spatial properties of broadband THz beams.
Internet addiction and its relationship with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, anxiety and stress among university students in Malaysia
Authors: Zakaria Hazli , Hussain Imran , Zulkifli Nor Sa’adah , Ibrahim Norazimah , Noriza Nuri Jailina , Wong Michelle , Nik Jaafar Nik Ruzyanei , Mohd. Salleh Sahimi Hajar , Abd Latif Muhammad Hanif
Published: July 2023

Background and aims

There is growing evidence on the contribution of psychological factors to internet addiction; yet it remains inconsistent and deserves further exploration. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the psychological symptoms (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms, stress, depression, anxiety and loneliness) and internet addiction (IA) among the university students in Malaysia.

Materials and methods

A total of 480 students from different faculties in a Malaysian public university participated in this study. They were selected by simple random sampling method. They completed self-administered questionnaires including the Malay Version of Internet Addiction Test (MVIAT)) to measure internet addiction and Adult Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Symptom Checklist, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) and UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3) to assess for ADHD symptoms, depression, anxiety, stress, and loneliness respectively.

Results

The prevalence of IA among university students was 33.33% (n = 160). The respondents’ mean age was 21.01 ± 1.29 years old and they were predominantly females (73.1%) and Malays (59.4%). Binary logistic regression showed that gender (p = 0.002; OR = 0.463, CI = 0.284–0.754), ADHD inattention (p = 0.003; OR = 2.063, CI = 1.273–3.345), ADHD hyperactivity (p<0.0001; OR = 2.427, CI = 1.495–3.939), stress (p = 0.048; OR = 1.795, CI = 1.004–3.210) and loneliness (p = 0.022; OR = 1.741, CI = 1.084–2.794) were significantly associated with IA.

Conclusion

A third of university students had IA. In addition, we found that those who were at risk of IA were males, with ADHD symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity, who reported stress and loneliness. Preventive strategy to curb internet addiction and its negative sequelae may consider these factors in its development and implementation.
Space-environment relationship in the identification of potential areas of expansion of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Didelphis aurita in the Atlantic Rainforest
Authors: Testai Raphael , Ferreira de Siqueira Marinez , Rocha Diogo Souza Bezerra , Roque Andre Luiz Rodrigues , Jansen Ana Maria , Xavier Samanta Cristina das Chagas
Published: July 2023

Ecological Niche Modeling is widely used for animals, but rarely for understanding the parasite ecology.Trypanosoma cruziis a heterogeneous and widely dispersed multi-host parasite.Didelphis auritais a generalist species, both in terms of diet and environments. We modeled theD.auritaniche andT.cruziinfection in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, using the models of two common vector species (Triatoma vitticepsandPanstrongylus megistus) as biotic variables, predicting their occurrence. Records ofT.cruziinfected and non-infectedD.auritawere analyzed through climate and landscape approaches by the Ecoland method. Models for each triatomine species and infected and noninfectedD.auritawere produced considering climate and landscape: resolution of ~1km2selected by Pearson’s correlation [-0.7≤α≤0.7]. For modeling, seven algorithms available in ModleR package were used. True Skill Statistic was used to evaluate the models’ performance (≥ 0.7).T.vitticepsindicates that there is a spatial dependence with warm areas in the southeastern region whileP.megistuspresented a distribution with high environmental suitability concentrated in the Southeast. High values of climatic suitability, landscape and potential presence ofT.vitticepsandP.megistuswere considered necessary, but not sufficient for the presence ofD.auritainfected byT.cruzi. Climate models showed an ecological niche with suitability variations homogeneous, and landscape models showed a distribution of habitat conditions along the biome, with a fragmented profile and heterogeneous between locations. Ecoland demonstrated thatD.auritahas different degrees of impact on its role in the enzootic cycle in different locations of the Atlantic Rainforest. Associating the models with the Ecoland method allowed the recognition of areas whereD.auritaare importantT.cruzireservoirs. Areas of high suitability for the presence of marsupials are a necessary, but not sufficient forD.auritato act as a reservoir forT.cruzi.
Channeling and dampening: The role of political ties in information disclosure and concealment
Authors: Zheng Weiting , Ni Na , Crilly Donal
Published: July 2023

Non-profit organizations (NPOs) help the state achieve its social objectives. At the same time, they often depend on the private-sector actors for donations. The different beliefs of public- and private-sector actors regarding which practices are desirable for NPOs can affect the transparency of these organizations. We propose that political ties influence NPOs to comply with state-mandated disclosure requirements, while simultaneously dampening their willingness to voluntarily disclose sensitive information that may jeopardize their legitimacy in the eyes of private-sector stakeholders. The impact of political ties on disclosure is contingent upon two factors. First, market institutions moderate such effects because expectations of public- and private-sector actors may diverge more in freer markets than where the state has inordinate power. Second, financial dependence on the state amplifies both effects as dependence on the state exerts more pressure for compliance whilst making politically connected organizations appear even more questionable in the eyes of the private-sector stakeholders. Leveraging a policy shock that weakened political ties, we found that following the policy shock, charities in China reduced their compliance to state-mandated information disclosure, but increased their voluntary disclosure. The opposing roles of political ties in mandatory versus voluntary disclosure is further supported by a policy capturing study involving private donors in China. This study has important implications for research on political ties and information disclosure.
In between the lines of the narrative map: Phenomenological analysis of war rape victims in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Wondie Yemataw , Zeleke Waganesh A. , Melesse Mekides
Published: July 2023

Research conducted in the last four decades on rape and other forms of sexual violence shows that they are not only the result of transgression behaviors of some people but have been used as strategic, systemic, and calculated tools of war, ethnic cleansing, and genocide. Examining the nature and effect of wartime rape and sexual violence based on their distinctive features, context, and historical background is essential for research and service providers. This paper explores the lived experiences of sexual violence and gang rape victims during the North Ethiopian war in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Data were collected from three girls and women survivors using a trauma and socio-culturally informed phenomenological approach. The finding shows that participants experienced a broad and complex range of psychological, physiological, emotional, and relational suffering after the rape. The result also shed light on some risk factors such as lack of awareness of the effect of traumatic events, stigma related to rape, and lacks victim protective legislation risk their journey to healing. The paper further discussed individual and community mental health responses for victims of war rape in culturally responsive and resource-poor settings.
Brain MRI segmentation of Zika-Exposed normocephalic infants shows smaller amygdala volumes
Authors: Ghosh Shanchita , Salan Teddy , Riotti Jessica , Ramachandran Amrutha , Gonzalez Ivan A. , Bandstra Emmalee S. , Reyes Fiama L. , Andreansky Samita S. , Govind Varan , Saigal Gaurav
Published: July 2023

Background

Infants with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) are known to exhibit characteristic brain abnormalities. However, the brain anatomy of Zika virus (ZIKV)-exposed infants, born to ZIKV-positive pregnant mothers, who have normal-appearing head characteristics at birth, has not been evaluated in detail. The aim of this prospective study is, therefore, to compare the cortical and subcortical brain structural volume measures of ZIKV-exposed normocephalic infants to age-matched healthy controls.

Methods and findings

We acquired T2-MRI of the whole brain of 18 ZIKV-exposed infants and 8 normal controls on a 3T MRI scanner. The MR images were auto-segmented into eight tissue types and anatomical regions including the white matter, cortical grey matter, deep nuclear grey matter, corticospinal fluid, amygdala, hippocampus, cerebellum, and brainstem. We determined the volumes of these regions and calculated the total intracranial volume (TICV) and head circumference (HC). We compared these measurements between the two groups, controlling for infant age at scan, by first comparing results for all subjects in each group and secondly performing a subgroup analysis for subjects below 8 weeks of postnatal age at scan. ZIKV-exposed infants demonstrated a significant decrease in amygdala volume compared to the control group in both the group and subgroup comparisons (p<0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons using FDR). No significant volume differences were observed in TICV, HC, or any specific brain tissue structures or regions. Study limitations include small sample size, which was due to abrupt cessation of extramural funding as the ZIKV epidemic waned.

Conclusion

ZIKV-exposed infants exhibited smaller volumes in the amygdala, a brain region primarily involved in emotional and behavioral processing. This brain MRI finding may lead to poorer behavioral outcomes and warrants long-term monitoring of pediatric cases of infants with gestational exposure to Zika virus as well as other neurotropic viruses.
The frequency of workplace violence against healthcare workers and affecting factors
Authors: Sari Hıdır , Yildiz İsmail , Çağla Baloğlu Senem , Özel Mehmet , Tekalp Ronay
Published: July 2023

Background

Workplace violence has become a global issue, especially among healthcare workers. This study aimed to determine the influencing factors and legal processes of workplace violence incidents, as well as the frequency of workplace violence in a tertiary hospital.

Methods

This observational, descriptive, retrospective frequency study was conducted between January 2020 and March 2022. This study examined the workplace violence records of 135 healthcare professionals at a tertiary hospital’s Patient Rights and Employee Safety and Law departments. Factors affecting workplace violence were categorized as noncompliance with the procedure, communication, and dissatisfaction.

Results

Workplace violence frequency was observed in the cumulative total of 10821 healthcare workers at 1.2%. In terms of workplace violence types, 71.9% were verbal and 28.1% were physical. In terms of exposure to workplace violence, doctors accounted for 62.3%, nurses for 20%, and medical secretaries for 7.4%. Most cases were observed in outpatient clinics (34.8%), followed by emergency departments (25.9%). Among the main reasons for workplace violence against healthcare workers, non-compliance with procedures (49.6%), communication (27.4%), and dissatisfaction (23.1%) were identified. Legal aid was provided to all notifications of workplace violence. 37.1% were not prosecuted, 55.5% were under investigation, 4.4% were accepted indictments, and 3.0% were punished by a judicial fine.

Conclusion

This study can provide significant contributions to the formulation of workplace violence prevention policies and programs by analyzing white-code notifications for workplace violence frequency and preventable factors. Healthcare workers may have underreported workplace violence events due to the length of the proceedings and the perceived lack of protection from legal regulations.
Endosomal egress and intercellular transmission of hepatic ApoE-containing lipoproteins and its exploitation by the hepatitis C virus
Authors: Pham Minh-Tu , Lee Ji-Young , Ritter Christian , Thielemann Roman , Meyer Janis , Haselmann Uta , Funaya Charlotta , Laketa Vibor , Rohr Karl , Bartenschlager Ralf
Published: July 2023

Liver-generated plasma Apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-containing lipoproteins (LPs) (ApoE-LPs) play central roles in lipid transport and metabolism. Perturbations of ApoE can result in several metabolic disorders and ApoE genotypes have been associated with multiple diseases. ApoE is synthesized at the endoplasmic reticulum and transported to the Golgi apparatus for LP assembly; however, the ApoE-LPs transport pathway from there to the plasma membrane is largely unknown. Here, we established an integrative imaging approach based on a fully functional fluorescently tagged ApoE. We found that newly synthesized ApoE-LPs accumulate in CD63-positive endosomes of hepatocytes. In addition, we observed the co-egress of ApoE-LPs and CD63-positive intraluminal vesicles (ILVs), which are precursors of extracellular vesicles (EVs), along the late endosomal trafficking route in a microtubule-dependent manner. A fraction of ApoE-LPs associated with CD63-positive EVs appears to be co-transmitted from cell to cell. Given the important role of ApoE in viral infections, we employed as well-studied model the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and found that the viral replicase component nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) is enriched in ApoE-containing ILVs. Interaction between NS5A and ApoE is required for the efficient release of ILVs containing HCV RNA. These vesicles are transported along the endosomal ApoE egress pathway. Taken together, our data argue for endosomal egress and transmission of hepatic ApoE-LPs, a pathway that is hijacked by HCV. Given the more general role of EV-mediated cell-to-cell communication, these insights provide new starting points for research into the pathophysiology of ApoE-related metabolic and infection-related disorders.
#Trending: Environmental perception in US higher music education
Authors: Hertzog Jacob
Published: July 2023

This study measured the environmental perception (EP) of higher music education in the United States through the Higher Music Education Organizational Adaptation Survey. Music leaders were surveyed (n = 100) using items adapted from EP research in other disciplines. Diverse music units were found to exhibit moderate levels of EP and organizational complexity was found to be a significant factor in EP level. This study is highly significant for academic leaders in music due to the rapid evolution of the music industry and the need for higher music education to understand the complexity of its environment. Results also hold significance for all creative fields in higher education as a measurement of the relationship between academia and industry.
Perú, entre la crisis orgánica y las élites políticas capturadas. Un ensayo sociohistórico
Authors: Mendoza Marina
Published: July 2023

La inestabilidad social y política que atraviesa Perú desde diciembre de 2022 cuando el expresidente Pedro Castillo Terrones fue destituido de su cargo por el Congreso, es resultado de una larga crisis de institucionalidad que erosiona la democracia del país andino desde hace, por lo menos, seis años, pero que hunde sus raíces en el orden neoliberal estatuido por el fujimorismo. El proceso de neoliberalización por vía autoritaria que se consolidó durante el mandato de Alberto Fujimori (1990-2000) generó las condiciones de posibilidad de un régimen frágil, excluyente y susceptible a la captura de intereses privados. Asimismo, en esta coyuntura emergieron elementos estructurales originados en los procesos de centralización estatal decimonónicos que configuraron el Estado nación. Este artículo explora la actual crisis peruana desde un enfoque sociohistórico para identificar los elementos de mediana y larga duración que permiten comprender la especificidad de este escenario más allá de un análisis acontecimental. El análisis de las condiciones sociohistóricas que condujeron a la actual crisis permite advertir un conjunto de elementos estructurales relativos a dos coyunturas críticas: 1. el proceso de centralización estatal; 2. la neoliberalización por vía autoritaria. Al mismo tiempo, busca evidenciar que la criminalización de las comunidades indígenas e indígeno-campesinas, la represión de la protesta social y la militarización constituyen estrategias de autopreservación de las élites económicas y políticas para sostener la institucionalidad neoliberal. Estas estrategias son expresión de capas acumuladas de violencias, racismo y subordinación de las clases dominantes limeñas frente a las comunidades de serranas y selváticas.
Entre inmigraciones y máscaras. El caso de Enrique Santos Discépolo
Authors: Salazar Jaque Mauro
Published: July 2023

A partir de los procesos de inmigración constitutivos de la sociedad argentina (fines del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX), como así mismo, desde la proliferación de una "dispersión de lenguas", el propósito del artículo es analizar los alcances sociales de la crítica cultural realista, cultivada mediante imágenes, estéticas y letras de “lo grotesco”, tanto en la teatralidad crítica, como en la lírica popular. Tal recurso fue utilizado, especialmente, por los hermanos Armando y Enrique Discépolo, como un cuestionamiento (“arte comprometido”) a los mitos gubernamentales del Centenario en la Argentina, denunciando la “máscara adaptativa” que implicaba el eventual progreso modernizador fomentado por las oligarquías. Los resultados más inmediatos nos obligan a revisar el discurso estatal que, a partir de un “positivismo evolucionista”, centró su política (fallida) en oleadas inmigratorias, como el antídoto de acceso a la racionalidad civilizatoria y que, a la sazón, no se hizo parte de los fenómenos de etnicidad, marginalidad y otras formas de exclusión social. Las expresiones de “arte popular” fueron fundamentales porque, bajo el ethos de la autocomprensión, denuncian los padecimientos del migrante como un personaje que agrava su desarraigo existencial (extrañamiento) y sentido para vivir en comunidad.
Habilidades de dirección hotelera en tiempos de crisis
Authors: Pineda-Rodríguez Mar , Fusté-Forné Francesc
Published: July 2023

Las organizaciones hoteleras requieren de profesionales que posean las competencias directivas para la correcta gestión de los hoteles que lideran. Por este motivo, este estudio pretende investigar cuál sería el perfil ideal de la dirección hotelera de establecimientos de 4 y 5 estrellas en tiempos de crisis. Para identificar las habilidades prioritarias para ese perfil directivo se realizan 151 encuestas a directores de hoteles y a profesionales de los departamentos de recursos humanos de empresas hoteleras. Adicionalmente, la propuesta interconecta la dirección hotelera, la gestión de crisis y las competencias personales, ofreciendo especial atención a las habilidades blandas (o soft skills) y a la inteligencia emocional. Los resultados sugieren competencias esenciales a tener en cuenta para directivos hoteleros y su selección y formación por parte de los técnicos de recursos humanos, manifestando la necesidad de priorizar las habilidades sociales en la industria hotelera.
Turismo y Cambio Climático: Aplicación del Holiday Climate Index (HCI:Urban) en España en los meses de verano para mediados y finales de siglo
Authors: Díaz-Poso Alejandro , Royé Dominic , Martínez-Ibarra Emilio
Published: July 2023

En las últimas décadas el turismo ha adquirido una importancia cada vez mayor en la economía española. Con 83,5 millones de turistas en 2019, el 11.7% del PIB nacional proviene del sector turístico. El clima es uno de los principales aspectos a tener en cuenta por las personas para elegir un destino turístico. El índice Holiday Climate Index (HCI) es un indicador bioclimático que tiene en cuenta diferentes variables climáticas (temperatura, precipitación, humedad, viento y nubosidad), con el fin de determinar si las condiciones climáticas son adecuadas para las actividades turísticas de carácter urbano. Utilizando el HCI:Urban, se ha analizado la evolución de los niveles de confortabilidad climática para la Península y Baleares (PB) en verano (junio, julio y agosto) para mediados (2041-2060) y finales de siglo (2081-2100) bajo los escenarios climáticos RCP 4.5 y 8.5. Tomando como referencia el periodo 1986-2005, los resultados indican un aumento considerable del confort climático especialmente a finales de siglo en las comunidades autónomas del norte y noroeste del país, donde los valores, alcanzan la calificación de "excelente" (HCI 80-90). Paralelamente, la progresiva pérdida de confort a consecuencia del cambio climático en comunidades autónomas meridionales como Extremadura, Murcia, Andalucía e Islas Baleares, dará lugar a cambios en la distribución espacio-temporal de los flujos turísticos. Pese a que su formulación es susceptible de mejora, los datos proporcionados por el índice HCI:Urban pueden ser útiles en el desarrollo de instrumentos de planificación urbana, facilitando a las autoridades la toma de decisiones en un nuevo contexto turístico.
Esteban Ruiz-Ballesteros (Ed.). Turismo de base local. Resiliencia, alternativa socio-ambiental y comunidad, Vilassar de Dalt, Icaria Editorial, 2021, 414 págs.
Authors: López Martínez Gabriel
Published: July 2023

La obra titulada Turismo de base local. Resiliencia, alternativa socio-ambiental y comunidad se propone como un referente que aborda esta modalidad de organización de la actividad turística. Una imbricación entre teoría y práctica que expone desde las primeras páginas su propuesta epistemológica: avanzar en la construcción teórica del concepto de turismo de base local (TBL) a partir del análisis de una variedad de casos, además de una comparativa entre ellos, que permita identificar diferencias y similitudes. Es decir, un itinerario inductivo donde, a partir del material etnográfico recogido en distintas localizaciones, se trata de indagar en las posibilidades teórico-prácticas de este tipo de turismo, su complejidad de matices y gradaciones.
Hudson, Simon. (2023). International Case Studies on Tourism Destination Management and COVID-19. Abingdon, Oxon, Reino Unido: Routledge. ISBN: 978-1-032-30589-9; ISBN: 978-1-003-31062-4 (ebook). 239 páginas.
Authors: Dias Lopes Jose , Da Cruz Garcia Sandra
Published: July 2023

Resenha Bibliográfica: Hudson, Simon. (2023). International Case Studies on Tourism Destination Management and COVID-19. Abingdon, Oxon, Reino Unido: Routledge. ISBN: 978-1-032-30589-9; ISBN: 978-1-003-31062-4 (ebook). 239 páginas.
Las trayectorias de los barrios desfavorecidos. Relevancia de las condiciones de la vivienda e implicaciones para las políticas públicas
Authors: Antón Alonso Fernando , Porcel Sergio
Published: July 2023

Durante las últimas décadas, la atención especial a áreas urbanas desfavorecidas ha ganado espacio en las políticas públicas europeas con un doble objetivo: reducir los agravios que supone residir en barrios vulnerables y combatir los riesgos de cronificación de la pobreza asociados con este fenómeno. Sin embargo, en las últimas investigaciones que se han llevado a cabo sobre la vulnerabilidad urbana en el contexto de la metrópoli de Barcelona, se ha señalado un claro patrón de persistencia territorial de la pobreza urbana a pesar de las diversas intervenciones urbanísticas y sociales desarrolladas. En esta nueva investigación se pone el foco precisamente en la persistencia de la vulnerabilidad urbana con el objetivo de conocer algo más sobre los factores que la explican y entender mejor los límites que presentan las políticas de mejora de barrios para revertir estas situaciones. El estudio incluye un análisis longitudinal de dos décadas del área metropolitana de Barcelona en el que se analiza el papel que juegan las características de partida del parque residencial de los barrios en la perpetuación de altos niveles de vulnerabilidad urbana. Los resultados informan de una doble naturaleza de los barrios, dinámica y estática, de la relevancia de las condiciones de partida del parque residencial en las trayectorias de algunos barrios con elevada vulnerabilidad urbana, y de la incapacidad de las políticas de mejora de barrios para cambiar el estatus de los barrios más vulnerables. Desde esta perspectiva, distinguir entre mejorar las condiciones de vida y transformar el estatus de máxima vulnerabilidad de los barrios resulta fundamental para formular y evaluar los objetivos de las políticas de mejora de barrios.
Aníbal y la diplomacia desde la perspectiva romana. Tres casos de estudio durante la Segunda Guerra Púnica
Authors: Rosselló Calafell Gabriel
Published: July 2023

El siguiente trabajo analiza el perfil diplomático de Aníbal Barca durante la época de la Segunda Guerra Púnica. A través de tres casos de estudio ubicados cronológicamente entre los años 219 y 216 a.C. indagaremos sobre las atribuciones del general cartaginés y su posible sobredimensión a partir de una lectura demasiado literal de las fuentes grecolatinas. Exploraremos, en paralelo, el papel de las instituciones políticas de Cartago a propósito la dirección de la diplomacia y de los asuntos bélicos.
ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ В МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКЕ И КЛАССИФИКАЦИИ НЕЙРОЭНДОКРИННЫХ НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЙ
Authors: Мартынова О. А. , Журавлев А. С.
Published: July 2023

Нейроэндокринные новообразования (НЭН) происходят из нейроэндокринных клеток, развиваются

в разных локализациях, имеют схожее гистологическое строение и иммуногистохимические (ИГХ) характеристики. Цель исследования - провести анализ актуальной научной литературы для обобщения новых

данных в патологоанатомической диагностике НЭН.

МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: проанализирована выборка научных публикаций из базы данных PubMed

по запросам “neuroendocrine tumor” и “pathology” за последние 5 лет и классификация Всемирной

Организации Здравоохранения эндокринных и нейроэндокринных опухолей 2022 года издания [1].

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: в результате проведенного анализа литературы выявлены следующие новые особенности в диагностике нейроэндокринных новообразований:

1. эпителиальные НЭН классифицируются на 2 группы - хорошо дифференцированные НЭН (включают

нейроэндокринные опухоли (НЭО) grade 1, 2 или 3) и плохо дифференцированные НЭН (включают

крупно- и мелкоклеточную нейроэндокринную карциному (НЭК));

2. НЭО поджелудочной железы (ПЖЖ) размером менее 5мм переименованы в нейроэндокринные микроопухоли (вместо микроаденомы), на основании способности метастазировать;

3. ганглиоцитарная параганглиома, параганглиома конского хвоста и параганглиома среднего уха реклассифицированы в НЭН;

4. определены рекомендуемые критерии для ИГХ подтверждения НЭН (минимум 2 позитивных маркера

из INSM1, Synaptophysin, Chromogranin A);

5. описаны новые диагностические ИГХ маркеры: ISL LIM homeobox1, secretagogin, Syntaxin 1;

6. описаны ИГХ алгоритмы для дифференциальной диагностики между НЭО grade 3 и НЭК с применением

маркеров TP53 и Rb1, а также антител к рецепторам соматостатина;

7. описаны ИГХ маркеры DAXX, ATRX, DDL3, OFD1 с потенциально возможным применением для диагностики и определения прогноза заболевания;

8. мелкоклеточная НЭК легкого классифицирована на 4 потенциально клинически значимых генетических

класса на основании мутаций в генах ASCL1, NEUROD1, POU2F3 и YAP1;

9. выделены эпигенетические подтипы НЭО ПЖЖ на основании наличия мутации ATRX/DAXX, имеющей

прогностическое значение;

10.уточнены критерии для морфологического диагноза смешанной нейроэндокринной и ненейроэндокринной неоплазии.

ВЫВОДЫ: представлены практически значимые обновления в классификации и морфологической

диагностике НЭН, позволяющие врачам-патологоанатомам выработать новые диагностические алгоритмы

для данного типа опухолей.
КОНСЕРВАТИВНОЕ ЛЕЧЕНИЕ АБСЦЕССОВ ЩИТОВИДНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ
Authors: Ильин А. А. , Полькин В. В. , Панасейкин Ю. А. , Исаев И. А.
Published: July 2023

ЦЕЛЬ: абсцесс щитовидной железы, или острый тиреоидит, крайне редко встречающийся вид тиреоидной патологии. Обычно пациентам с этим заболеванием рекомендуется проведение хирургического

лечения. Мы приводим три наблюдения больных с этой патологией. Во всех случаях проведение консервативной терапии в комплексе с малоинвазивным вмешательством позволили добиться выздоровления

больных. Длительный катамнез продемонстрировали безопасность и эффективность методики.

МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: в период с 2001 по 2012 г у трех пациенток 22, 41 и 52 лет обратившихся

в клинику диагностирован острый тиреоидит. Все имели длительный анамнез, более 3 лет, морфологически

подтвержденного узлового зоба. Всем в амбулаторных условиях выполнена пункция абсцесса с апирацией гнойного содержимого, промыванием полости узла 0,02% хлоргексидина и последующим введением

антибиотка (аугментин, максипим).

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: у всех больных заболевание развилось остро, в течении 2-3 дней. Клинические проявления: фибрильная температура, появление резко плотного образования в нижней трети шеи, выраженный болевой синдром из-за которого двум пациенткам приходилось занимать вынужденное положение.

Размер образований колебался от 5 до 7 см, объем образований 34,4, 45 и 48 мл. При УЗИ определялось

кистозное образование с неоднородным содержимым. В анализе крови уровень лейкоцитов превышал

20х109

, нейтрофилез с резким сдвигом вправо, СОЭ от 50 до 65 мм час. При выполнении пункции было

аспирировано от 10 до 25 мл гноя. По данным цитологического исследования определялся детрит, элементы воспаления. Всем выполнена ТАБ с аспирацией гнойного содержимого, промыванием полости

0,02% хлоргексидина в объеме 10-25 мл и последующим введением антибиотика. В двух случаях раствор

амоксициллина с клавурновой кислотой 1 г, и у одного больного 1 г раствора цефепима. В двух случаях

введение антибитика производилось однократно, у одного двухкратно, с интервалом между процедурами

3 дня. Все пациентки дополнительно получали цефалоспорины per os в течении 7-10 дней. Нормализация

температуры и исчезновение болевого синдрома происходила в течении 2-3 дней. В эти же сроки отмечалось начало уменьшения образований. Через 1 год размер узлов колебался от 1.3до 2,4 мл, объем 0,3, 1,1

и 2,4 мл. Все узлы преимущественно солидного характера Длительность катамнеза составили 10, 16 и 21

год. Рецидив воспаления отсутствовал.

ВЫВОДЫ: консервативное введение абсцессов щитовидной железы в комплексе с малоинвазивным

вмешательством продемонстрировали безопасность и эффективность при лечении больных с абсцессами

щитовидной железы.
ПРОГНОСТИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ СТРАТИФИКАЦИИ РИСКА РАКА ЩИТОВИДНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ
С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВЫХ, БИОХИМИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗ
Authors: Новосад С. В. , Мартиросян Н. С. , Петунина Н. А.
Published: July 2023

ЦЕЛЬ: оценить роль инсулинорезистентности в развитии и течении рака щитовидной железы (РЩЖ)

и создать прогностическую модель стратификации риска РЩЖ у пациентов с синдромом узлового зоба

с использованием маркеров метаболического синдрома.

Проведено ретроспективное исследование 89 пациентов, перенесших тиреоидэктомию в период

с 2010 г. по 2018 г. Были изучены данные анамнеза, протоколы УЗИ щитовидной железы с оценкой результатов по TIRADS, клинико-лабораторные данные (уровень ТТГ, глюкозы, гликированного гемоглобина,

общего холестерина, ЛПНП, ЛПВП, триглицеридов), результаты цитологического и гистологического исследования послеоперационного материала.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: пациенты были распределены следующим образом: РЩЖ n-37 (41,57%); фолликулярная аденома n -16 (17,98%); узловой зоб n-34 (38,2%). Пациенты, перенесшие тиреоидэктомию по поводу

РЩЖ чаще имели ожирение (42,69%), изолированную гипергликемию натощак (11,23%) и метаболический синдром (10,11%) по сравнению с пациентами с доброкачественными образованиями. Нарушение

толерантности к глюкозе и сахарный диабет выявлялись в 6,74% и 5,61% случаев соответственно. Однако

статистически значимую корреляцию с раком щитовидной железы показал лишь комплекс признаков,

объединенных в понятие метаболического синдрома (r = 0,658; p<0,05).

В группе РЩЖ уровень глюкозы, общего холестерина, ЛПНП, триглицеридов были выше по сравнению

с группой доброкачественных образований.

Выявлена достоверная сильная корреляционная связь между наличием нарушения толерантности к глюкозе, метастазированием и экстратиреоидным распространением опухоли (r=0.691, p<0,05). Пациенты, имевшие опухоль T3-4 и/или N1, в 60% случаев имели ожирение, в то время как пациенты с опухолью T1N0M0 имели ожирение лишь в 34% случаев. Полученные результаты были использованы для создания прогностической

модели стратификации риска РЩЖ. Модель включает ультразвуковые характеристики узла и биохимические

показатели. Каждому признаку присвоены баллы. Наличие микрокальцинатов -5 баллов; гипоэхогенность

-2 балла; смешанный кровоток – 2 балла; локализация узла в верхушке доли -1 балл, в перешейке – 2 балла;

уровень ТТГ >1,17мкМЕ/мл – 1 балл; уровень триглицеридов >0,94ммоль/л – 1 балл. Риск выявления злокачественного новообразования считается высоким при сумме баллов, равной 6 и более.

ВЫВОДЫ: получены данные о корреляционной связи метаболического синдрома и рака щитовидной

железы. По нашим данным, наличие инсулинорезистентности способствует прогрессированию заболевания и более агрессивному течению. Создана математическая модель стратификации риска РЩЖ, позволяющая с чувствительностью 96,43% и специфичностью 83,67% сделать прогноз в отношении наличия РЩЖ

у пациента с синдромом узлового зоба.
РОЛЬ ПАНДЕМИИ COVID-19 В ДИНАМИКЕ РОСТА ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТИ ПОДОСТРЫМ
ТИРЕОИДИТОМ
Authors: Юкина М. Ю. , Цкаева А. А. , Авсиевич Е. С. , Трошина Е. А.
Published: July 2023

ЦЕЛЬ: анализ динамики показателей заболеваемости подострым тиреоидитом (ПТ) за период времени,

предшествующий пандемии Covid-19 в сравнении с периодом персистенции коронавирусной инфекции.

МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: на базе ГНЦ ФГБУ«НМИЦ эндокринологии» Минздрава России проведен

анализ амбулаторных карт 786 пациентов в возрасте от 10 до 88 лет с диагнозом ПТ (код МКБ Е06.1), обратившихся в период с 01.01.2017 г. по 31.12.2022 г. Пациенты разделены на группы в зависимости от периода обращения: группа 1 - с 01.01.2017 г. по 31.12.2019 г. и группа 2 – с 01.01.2020 г. по 31.12.2022 г.

В каждой группе пациенты распределены на 6 возрастных периодов (согласно стандартам ВОЗ): детский

возраст – до 17 лет, молодой возраст – с 18 до 44 лет, средний возраст – с 45 до 59 лет, пожилой возраст –

с 60 до 74 лет, старческий возраст – с 75 до 90 лет.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: группа 1 (n= 317) включила в себя 32 мужчин и 285 женщин; группа 2 (n=469) - 69 мужчин

и 400 женщин.

Таким образом, общее количество пациентов во группе 2 увеличилось на 47,9% (n=152) по сравнению

с группой 1. Установлено, что в группе 2 по сравнению с группой 1 увеличилось общее количество мужчин

на 115,6% (n=37). Среди них количество пациентов молодого и среднего возраста на 100%, а пожилого возраста на 400%. Общее количество женщин увеличилось на 40,4% (n=115). Среди них количество пациентов

молодого возраста увеличилось на 25,6%, среднего на 72,5%, а пожилого возраста на 52,4%.

ВЫВОДЫ: проведенный анализ показал увеличение обращаемости пациентов с ПТ в период неблагоприятной эпидемиологической ситуации почти в 2 раза, что наиболее вероятно является следствием

перенесенной коронавирусной инфекции Covid-19. Наибольший прирост заболеваемости отмечен в группе

пожилых мужчин, что требует рассмотрение вопроса о проведении превентивного исследования функции

щитовидной железы у данной группы больных как в разгар заболевания вирусной инфекции, так и после

выздоровления.