bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Thermodynamic Properties of Bioleaching Solution in Lean Nickel-Cobalt Ore by Pitzer - Meissner Model
Authors: Hou Chu Yue , Zhou Gui Ying , Wen Jian Kang , Wu Biao
Published: March 2015

In this paper, we jointly use the Pitzer model and the Meissner model to study thermodynamic laws of bioleaching solution in a lean nickel-cobalt ore in the Jilin Baishan, by using the Pitzer model to calculate activity coefficients of single electrolyte aqueous solutions and the Meissner model to calculate activity coefficients of components in the bioleaching solution. Also we studied the rules of activity coefficient of NiSO4 and CoSO4 in the solution. Results show that when separating and purifying foreign ions from bioleaching solution of the lean nickel-cobalt ore, the descending sequence of their ion concentration’s effect over the solution is Mg2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Ni2+, Co2+ and Ca2+.
Siderite Beneficiation with Magnetic Separation-Flotation Combined Method
Authors: Cheng Jin Hua , Cao Qin Bo , Wu Meng
Published: March 2015

Exploratory experiments were conducted according to the property of a siderite mineral composition and structure has the advantages of simple structure, low grade theory. The siderite Contain Fe 27.46%, Pb 0.97%. First magnetic Fe separation, because of the lower grade ore, for the two stages selection, In 90% of the fineness, good beneficiation indexes, Fe concentrate grade reaches 45.49%, the recovery reached 96.21%. The Fe tailings of magnetic separation in the 90% fineness of flotation tailings Pb test, The tailings in without further grinding conditions, after two stages of cleaning grade is still difficult to improve, Pb concentrate grade of 2.64%, recovery reached 46.96%, Observed in the tests of carbon in tailings interference, because well floatability of carbon, and the dissemination too small it is difficult to remove, so lead to difficulty for improving the grade of the lead concentrate.
The Applications of Cluster Analysis of Reservoir Evaluation in Chang 8 Oil Reservoirs of Baibao Oilfield
Authors: Li Chao , Lu Xiong , Yan Hua , Yu Xiao Fei , Kou Feng , Long An Jie
Published: March 2015

Reservoir evaluation, which works throughout the oil and gas development, has always focused on exploration and development needs [1-3].There are many influencing factors and data in the evaluation process, thus it’s difficult to select the reasonable evaluation parameters and methods. Selecting the appropriate evaluation parameters and evaluation methods can improve the accuracy of evaluation, reduce the evaluation workload. Regional studies have shown that Delta-front sub-facies is the major sedimentary type of the Chang 8 in Baibao oilfield, widely distributed delta distributary channel and mouth bar sands are good oil and gas reservoirs in the area. In this paper, cluster analysis reservoir evaluation is using to obtain their correct evaluation parameters, in order to provide the basis for further development.
Systematic Evaluation Method of Water Aquifer Energy for Water-Drive Gas Reservoir
Authors: Li Ji Qiang , Li Tao , Qi Zhi Lin , Yan Wen De , Yuan Ying Zhong
Published: March 2015

On the basis of present relevant research about water aquifer energy for water-drive gas reservoir, systematic evaluation method of water aquifer energy for water-drive gas reservoir is constructed from water invasion recognition, water aquifer size calculation, water influx volume calculation, water aquifer active degree evaluation and drive energy composition analysis. According to static and dynamic data of an actual typical water-drive gas reservoir, water aquifer energy was evaluated systematically. Research results indicated that this method can evaluate water aquifer energy of water-drive gas reservoir quickly and systematically, which can offer reference to development performance forecast and development adjustment of this kind of gas reservoir, and realize reasonable and effective development of this kind of gas reservoir.
Physical Design and Parameters Determination of Bubble Generator of Cyclonic Static Micro-Bubble Flotation Column
Authors: Dai Bao Qing , Liu Xin Ying , Yuan Jian Jun , Zou Ai Ying
Published: March 2015

This paper describes the function and working principle of the bubble generator of cyclonic static micro-bubble flotation column, the structure of the bubble generator is introduced for the nozzle, induction chamber, pipe, microvoid baffle, diffusion tube, and air suction pipe.Reuse of tailing is a high technology content, environmentally friendly and resources recycle emerging industry. Comprehensive utilization and governance of tailing can bring obvious social benefit, economic benefit and environmental benefits, resource conservation and development is a long-term strategic policy which benefits national economy sustainable development.
Effects of Seaweeds Phlorotannins on the Quality of Harvested Nectarine Fruit
Authors: Liu Q.Y. , Li F. , Liu Z.Y.
Published: March 2015

Harvested nectarine fruit were treated by phlorotannins from seaweeds Sargassum thunbergii, then stored at 2 ± 1 °C, 85-90 % RH for 25 days. Disease incidence, decay percentage, firmness, color, soluble solids, Vc, lipoxygenase (LOX) and lipid peroxidation of fruit were analyzed. The results indicated phlorotannins from seaweeds S. thunbergii have potent antifungal activities. Phlorotannins treatment resulted in a more efficient control of fruit decay. The LOX activity and lipid peroxidation in fruit were also inhibited by phlorotannins treatment. In addition, no phytotoxic injury was observed in fruit tissue treated with phlorotannins at 10 mg mL-1. Therefore, phlorotannins not only inhibit the infection of pathogen, but also the lipid peroxidation and ripening process of harvested nectarine fruit.
Isolation and Partial Function Analysis of Bacillus coagulans L-g6
Authors: Guo Qian , Xie Yuan Hong , Zhang Hong Xing , Liu Hui , Lian Zheng Xing , Kong Bao Hua
Published: March 2015

A bacterium strain named L-g6 isolated from kitchen garbage, through 16s rRNA sequencing and Biolog GEN III MicroPlate analyzes, was identified asBacillus coagulans. In the present study, the optimal growth conditions ofB.coagulansL-g6 was at 45°C, pH 7 and in the growth of 6 h reached the end of logarithmic phase.B.coagulansL-g6 can break down cellulose, starch, protein, fat; and the best decomposition effect is protein, followed by starch and cellulose, less fat. In total,B.coagulansL-g6 can be used as a starter production scale degradation of kitchen waste. The research will contribute to the development of micro-ecological preparation ofB.coagulansL-g6.
The Effect of Color-Protecting Methods on Potato Powder Processing
Authors: Zhao Yu , Gu Shu Qin , Lu Da Xin , Yang Hui Yi , Wu Cui Rong
Published: March 2015

To prevent browning stain from potato powder products, detailed analysis and research were conducted on the color-protecting during the processing of potato powder. In order to investigate the effects of different dosage color-protecting liquid on preventing browning stain from potato powder, the △E value was respectively measured. The results showed that the maximum △E values were achieved when using 0.35% Ascorbic acid, 0.40% Phytic acid, 0.30% Citric acid and 0.30% L-Cys. In addition, the optimum combination was 0.30% Ascorbic acid, 0.35% Phytic acid, 0.25% Citric acid, 0.30% L-Cys, which was successfully validated by ANOVA.
The Moisture Sorption Characteristics of Dietary Potassium Diformate
Authors: Sun Dao Hua , Lin Wen Shuang , Lu Fen Fen
Published: March 2015

Potassium diformate, a novel dietary additive, has been firstly authorized by the European Union as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. The moisture sorption characteristics of potassium diformate were measured by the means of the static gravimetric method. The results indicated that the moisture sorption velocity of potassium diformate is linearly dependent on the relative humidity at 30 °C during the first 12 h. Moreover, the equilibrium moisture content was significantly influenced by relative humidity. The critical relative humidity of potassium diformate is 46.2%. Study on moisture sorption characteristics of potassium diformate will provide the reference to choose operating conditions of preparation and post-processing.
Analysis on Construction and Empirical Evaluation of Index System of Low Carbon Economy Development
Authors: Xia Lei
Published: March 2015

Low carbon economy is a kind of low energy consumption, low pollution, low emission as the basis of a new form of economic development, is the inevitable trend of harmonious development of man and nature. Based on expounding the connotation of low carbon economy and the elements, select the evaluation of each index of low carbon economic development level, the construction of the evaluation index system of low carbon economy, quantitative evaluation of the level of development of low carbon economy, and on this basis, put forward our country in the development of low carbon economy in the course of the transformation of the economic mode of development, increase investment in science and technology, the adjustment of energy consumption structure, optimize the industrial structure, the development of carbon sequestration potential of proposed measures.
Analysis on Efficiency Evaluation of Regional Energy-Saving and Emission-Reduction Based on DEA Model
Authors: Wang Shuang
Published: March 2015

Based on both at home and abroad energy sustainable development ,enterprise energy evaluation index system research and low carbon economic background, this thesis proposed the strategy thought of full process of energy-saving and emission-reduction, selected DEA evaluation method to achieve efficiency monitoring, followed the application steps of DEA evaluation method and built the evaluation index system for energy-saving and emission-reduction which contained inputs and outputs aspects of 8 items specific indicators. The thesis took Dalian as an example to discuss the running situation of energy-saving and emission-reduction strategy within each year and propose that only we strive to achieve industry upgrade in the future, develop circular economy and control the amount of energy input.
Analysis on Trilateral Game of Government Agency, Emission-Dependent Firm and Carbon Verification Institutions under Cap-and-Trade Scheme
Authors: Wen Mei , Zeng Jun , Qiu Ming
Published: March 2015

To reduce carbon emission, cap-and-trade (C&T) is regarded as one of the effective environmental regulations around the world, which brings huge challenges to generating firms. In this paper, a tripartite game model on carbon abatement is built to analyze their optimal strategies under the C&T scheme. Based on the equilibrium of the game, some suggestions are presented to give the government agency to promote the efficiency of C&T scheme, that is, introducing carbon verification institution and doing heavier fine to firm will decrease the probability of firm deception and relieve the burden of the government agency; setting reward to carbon verification institution and an appropriate increase in fine of carbon verification institution will decrease the probability of supervisor inspection, further saving supervision costs.
Carbon Emission of Mining Industry’s Energy Consumption in Heilongjiang Province
Authors: Wang Zhong Hua , Chen Xin Ye
Published: March 2015

The need to reduce carbon emission in Heilongjiang Province of China is urgent challenge facing sustainable development. This paper aims to make explicit the problem-solving of carbon emission to find low carbon emission ways. According to domestic and foreign literatures on estimating and calculating carbon emissions and by integrating calculation methods of carbon emissions, it was not possible to consider all of the many contributions to carbon emissions. Calculation model of carbon emissions suitable to this paper is selected. The carbon emissions of energy consumption in mining industry are estimated and calculated from 2005 to 2012, and the characteristics of carbon emission are analyzed at the provincial level. It makes the point that carbon emissions of energy consumption in mining industry can be reduced when we attempt to alter energy consumption structure, adjust industrial structure and improve energy utilization efficiency.
Study on Construction Method of the Index System of Low Carbon Economy
Authors: Xia Lei
Published: March 2015

Low carbon economy index can objectively measure and guide the region allow carbon economic development, in China's transition to a low carboneconomy, low carbon economy development index description is not unified, at the same time, there is no method for objective evaluation of various low carbon economy index system. Through the study of the existing domestic and foreign low carbon economy index system, in-depth analysis of the index system, establishes a set of objective evaluation method of quantitative evaluation index system of low carbon economy, and on this basis, put forward our country in the development of low carbon economy in the course of the transformation of the economic mode of development, increase investment in science and technology, the adjustment of energy consumption structure, optimize the industrial structure, the development of carbon sequestration potential of proposed measures.
Urbanization and Environmental Sustainable Development
Authors: He Chao Chao , Su Xiang Qin , Bu Xiu Qin , Xie Zhou
Published: March 2015

China's rapid urbanization has brought a lot of environmental problems, in order to find a solution, the authors analyzed the development process of urbanization in developed countries, analysis of lessons learned in its development, compared to China's current development situation, combined the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed "new urbanization " development goals, and explore to achieve" a new model of new urbanization "of development, summed up the new model for the current Chinese urbanization sustainable development.
Employing RS and Landscape Ecology Indicators in Measuring the Changes of Landscape Patterns in Low Carbon Eco-City Planning
Authors: Wu Kang Li , Zhang De Yu , Zou Zhi Chong , Shan Liang
Published: March 2015

Promoting sustainable landscape planning has become an important policy goal in China. However, how and to what extent can the spatial patterns and changes of landscape in the urban fringe areas be systematically identified and managed is a critical research issue which requires in-depth research investigation. Using the pilot study region of the proposed Shenzhen low carbon eco-city as a case setting, this study explicitly examines the changes of landscape patterns by using Remote Sensing (RS) and selected landscape metrics. The result shows that there is a trend of decrease in green space parches and an increase in landscape fragmentation of the study region. The overall structure of green space in the region is also affected by urbanization and industrial development of the region. Considering the fact that the structure and diversity of landscape and green space are important for building an eco-city, the results reveal that more comprehensive green space policies and urban policies that preserve important ecological patches and corridors should be developed to enhance the overall ecological function of the region.
A Dynamic Programming-Based Control Strategy with Optimum Efficiency of Hybrid Energy Storage System for HEV
Authors: Yu Hai Fang , Liu Long , Bai Bo Xu , Zhang Niao Na
Published: March 2015

A reasonable and effective control strategy for HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle) with HESS (Hybrid Energy Storage System) can improve the system efficiency and battery service life. A dynamic programming-based global optimal control strategy which fully considered the efficiency of each component in HEV is presented. To compare with the nonlinear proportion factor dynamic coordination strategy, the fuel consumption is not increased. The cycle numbers of battery are further decreased which benefits its cycle life improvement. The regenerative energy callback ratio improves 3% under the shanghai drive cycle as an example. Since this optimization algorithm considers efficiency of each subsystem, the efficiency optimum under the selected driving cycle was realized. It can also provide a reference for the non-linear scaling factor allocation strategies to determine the scale factors.
A Novel Air Liquefaction Process by Using LNG Cold Energy
Authors: Chen Xiang , Chen Jun Qiang , Xiong Yong Qiang
Published: March 2015

Since imported LNG is increasing gradually in China, the research of LNG cold energy utilization becomes quite urgent. A novel air liquefaction process with LNG cold energy utilization is proposed in this paper. With the Aspen plus software, this paper builds the simulation model of the air liquefaction process by using LNG cold exergy and analyzes the effects of the key parameters on the performance of the process. The results show that the power requirement to produce liquid air with LNG cold energy utilization is 142.9kWh/t, lower by 67.4％than that for the conventional air liquefaction process, and the specific exergy consumption of liquid air production is 310.3kWh/t. With LNG cold energy utilization, the energy cost of liquid air production in this proposed process is 48.7% lower than that of conventional process. The optimal conditions are reached through the analysis of economic effectiveness.
Application of Cascaded Multilevel Inverter for High Voltage Grid-Connected PV System
Authors: Li Yi Dan , Wang Du Ting , Kang Hong Ming , Ru Hong Fang
Published: March 2015

The cascaded multilevel inverter may be the best topology to satisfy continuously increasing capacity and scale of grid-connected photovoltaic generation system due to its modularized circuit layout and sufficiently high operating voltage without devices in series. The operating principle of the cascaded multilevel inverter is presented. The control strategy of carrier phase shift PWM is proposed and discussed in detail. A grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) generation system based on a seven level cascaded inverter is provided. Simulation model of a seven level cascaded inverter with phase shifted PWM is built in Simulink environment and simulation results verify that the cascaded multilevel inverter can output high level voltage without devices in series, reduce harmonics, and output high quality waveforms.
Development and Test of a Fuel Cell Based Micro-CHP System
Authors: Xie Dong Lai , Wang Bing Qi
Published: March 2015

Fuel cell based micro combined heat and power (micro-CHP) systems are residential scale clean energy conversion unit. It employs fuel cells in a compact system that converts natural gas, propane or other fuels into both electricity and heat, which increases efficiency by simultaneously generating power and heat for one unit, on-site within a home. A prototype system consisting of a natural gas steam reforming unit, CO cleaning unit, PEM fuel cell stack, waste heat recovery unit and auxiliary unit is integrated. Test results of the prototype show that it can start within an hour and the syngas produced can meet the fuel cell’s requirements. The prototype’s electric power and thermal power are 200W and 530W respectively, while the electric and thermal efficiency are 15.4% and 40.9% respectively.
Investigation on Catalyst Layers’ Structure Parameters on the Performance of High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Qu Shu Guo , Li Jian Long
Published: March 2015

A two-dimensional steady state numerical model for high temperature polymer exchange membrane fuel cells based on Nafion212/SiO2composite membrane was developed. Finite element method was used to solve electrochemical kinetics coupled with flow, multi-component transport, charge balance and energy conservation. The model-predicted fuel cell polarization curve was compared with the published experimental result and a good agreement was found. The effects of the structure parameters of the catalyst layer including Pt/Carbon ratio and Pt loading on the performance of high temperature polymer exchange membrane fuel cells were evaluated.
Research on and Application of Clean Fracturing Fluids in Coal-Bed Methane
Authors: Wang Yi Dan , Fan Hong Fu
Published: March 2015

The development history of fracturing fluids is reviewed, the compositions and action mechanisms of the clean fracturing fluid systems used currently are analyzed, the recent research and application of the clean fracturing fluids in coal—bed methane production are summarized, and the development trend of clean fracturing fluids is presented in this paper.
Characteristic Study of Solar Cell under the Different Concentrating Light Intensity
Authors: Tan Li Jun , Ji Xu , Li Ming , Leng Cong Bin , Zhao Yong Yan
Published: March 2015

Using the series connected method, the space silicon solar cell are connected into the solar cell array. Based on the theoretical analysis, output characteristics and I-Vcurve of the solar cell array under condensing and no-condensing light intensity are tested by experimental methods. The results showed that the surface temperature of the solar cell under the essentially same conditions, the energy flux density of the solar cell surface is greater, the greater the maximum output power is. Under the condensing light intensity, the maximum output power is 21.50W.
Applicability Evaluation of Technical Standard in Smart Distribution Network
Authors: Liu Wei , Li Peng , Li Ke , Liu Dun Nan
Published: March 2015

It is difficult for current technical standard to satisfy the development requirement of smart distribution network because the new systems of distribution generation and energy storage and the new requirement of distribution network. First, new requirement for technical standard is analyzed in this paper. Then, applicability evaluation model of technical standard in smart distribution network is built. At last, empirical research on applicability of the operational control specification of the interconnection of distribution generation to power grid is carried out. The results show that the evaluation method proposed in this paper is feasible and effective.
Control and Operational Characteristics Research on Multi-Terminal HVDC for Wind Power Transmission
Authors: Xu Han Ping , Chen Xia , Xiang Wang , Wen Jin Yu
Published: March 2015

This paper proposed the line-commutated converter based multi-terminal HVDC (LCC-MTDC) combining with the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) for doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind farms integration with bulk wind power transmission over long distance. This paper is aimed at the control strategy design and the operational characteristics research of LCC-MTDC for wind power transmission. Then, the control methodologies of the complex integration system are addressed from two aspects: the MTDC and the wind farm. The coordination control strategy is developed to ensure the stable operation of the MTDC system and the wind farm controller is designed to capture the maximum wind power and ensure all the wind power transferred into the MTDC. Simulation results in PSCAD/EMTDC show that LCC-MTDC could achieve desirable operational performances with the control strategy proposed.
Influence of Overhead Ground Wire Height and Impulse Ground Resistance on Lightning Protection Performance of Distribution Line
Authors: Yu Yao Zhang , Ni Jun Kang , Han Jun Yu , Ren Bin , Li Ao An , Liu Chong Xin
Published: March 2015

Since distribution lines have relatively weak insulation compared to power transmission lines, it is more liable to lightning damages. This paper reports a study of how overhead ground wire height and impulse ground resistance affect the lightning protection performance. The results obtained in this paper show that high overhead ground wire worsen the lightning protection performance while reducing the impulse ground resistance improves the lightning protection performance. Therefore, it is recommended to set the overhead ground wire lower and take necessary measures to reduce impulse ground resistance. The results obtained also confirm the crucial role of the overhead ground wire as a protection of distribution lines.
Research on Characteristics of Stator and Rotor Fault Current of DFIG
Authors: Zhao Hong Bo , Shi Wen Hui , Zha Hao , Wu Jing
Published: March 2015

The abrupt dip of grid voltage would provoke a series of electromagnetic transient processes in stator and rotor of DFIG, which would threat the security of wind turbines fault ride through (LVRT) and stable operation of power system. Analyzing the fault current characteristics of DFIG is very useful to improve the LVRT strategy and adjust the relay protection setting of power system. In this paper, electromagnetic transient processes of DFIG are given a detail analysis after protection circuit of DFIG works due to the dip of three phase voltage in system. Then, the general expression of stator and rotor fault current is derived, and the validity of this method is verified. At last, the influences of the system short-circuit capacity and wind turbines accessing capacity on the fault current and system protections are analyzed when the wind turbines are accessed to the distribution network.
Research on the Configuration and Controlling of the Reactive Power in the Offshore Wind Farm
Authors: Han Hua Ling , Li Zhen , Qian Min Hui , Liu Yan Zhang , Zhao Da Wei
Published: March 2015

Because the undersea cables have the large charging power, the wind power systems will inject too much reactive power to the grid which will lead the bus voltage out of range. This paper established the distributed parameter model of the output lines and analyzed the reactive voltage distribution in different operation modes. By controlling the reactive power of the wind turbines, with the effect of the reactive power compensation device, the paper did the research on the configuration and controlling of the reactive power for the purpose that the exchanging reactive power between the offshore wind farm and the grid is zero. Through simulation this paper analyzed and verified the validity of the controlling strategy.
Research on the Steady-State Performances of a Novel Energy-Efficient Single-Phase Induction Motor
Authors: Pei Ying , Zhao Jun Wei , Gao Nan Nan , Li Hong Bo , Chen Ke Rui
Published: March 2015

In this paper, a novel energy-efficient single-phase induction motor with three parallel-connected stator windings and two external capacitors has been proposed. By selecting the appropriate capacitors, the currents in the three windings will be approximately symmetric at rated load, thus high rated efficiency can be obtained. Based on the symmetrical component method, the condition for balanced operation is analyzed and the method for determining the requested capacitances is also obtained. The approach for calculating the steady-state performance is proposed.
Simulation of Fault Treatment Performance for Distribution Automation Systems and Key Technologies of Training Systems
Authors: Lu Cheng , Zhang Xi Lin , Su Biao Long , Wang Yi Jun
Published: March 2015

The simulation of fault treatment performance for distribution automation systems and the key technologies of training systems are discussed in this paper, which include key technologies for basic platform, auxiliary decision-making analysis for grid faults, load-transfer analysis for power system operating mode, loop closing analysis for power system operating mode and distribution network training simulation and so on. The results of simulation of fault treatment performance for distribution automation systems and training systems operation show a good accuracy and effectiveness of the method.
The Hardware Design of Measurement System of Transmission Lines Based on Wireless Communication
Authors: Sun Shu Min , Jiang Wen Juan , Meng Yu , Cheng Yan
Published: March 2015

A set of measurement system for the testing of transmission lines, composing of wireless center station, wireless current acquisition and transmission nodes, wireless voltage acquisition and transmission node, was designed, which was based on wireless communication. The high speed wireless bridge working at 2.4GHz together with the clock synchronization module based on the IEEE1588 communicating protocol were both employed for the communication and time synchronization separately. The measurement system has data storage, waveform display, data analysis, automatic report generation and other functions. The measurement system can greatly reduced arrangement of cables, thereafter improved the test efficiency.
Research on Logical Relationship Based Panorama Diagram Automatic Generation Technology for Smart Distribution System
Authors: Kang Tai Feng , Xie Cheng , Liu Shu Xin , Zhang Rui Peng , Zhao Feng Qing , Deng De Gang , Nie Yu , Yang Xu , Xin Qing Song
Published: March 2015

Distribution system is the key sector for energy delivery and consumption. As the development of smart grid, more and more distributed energy resources (DER) and renewable energies are involved in the distribution system which makes the system complex than ever. However, there are several basic problems to solve for the sake of better and efficient management of distribution system. In this paper, we propose a panorama diagram automatic generation technology, which is created based on the logical relationship of devices and devices containers in distribution system and could provide panorama vision of distribution system for system operators as well as the advantages of GIS and diagram by the distribution system automation. The work in this paper is very useful for increasing the efficiency of model and data management in distribution system, and can be used in the applications of panorama dispatching in smart distribution system.
Quantitative Detection of C2H2 Gas Based on an Infrared Laser Gas Sensor
Authors: Tao Jia Gui , Shi Jing Lei , Zhang Xiao Xing
Published: March 2015

Detection of C2H2 gas in transformer oil is significant for diagnosing the operating state assessment of power equipment. The paper develops an infrared laser gas sensor to detect the C2H2 gas in transformer oil, and also introduces the system structure in detail. A gas-absorbed laser cell that contains a series of laser reflectors is designed and used in our detection system, which adds the optical path without changing the volume of the cell. 1529.16nm is chosen as the characteristic spectrum line of C2H2 gas, and concentration of C2H2 gas is quantitatively analyzed based on least square method. The experiment result shows that in certain volume fraction range of acetylene, the absorbance has a good linear relationship with the acetylene concentration, and the minimum detection limit for acetylene is 10μL/L. In general, the developed infrared laser gas sensor can detect C2H2 gas in transformer oil effectively.
Analysis of Power Transaction Space Model between Power Users and Generators Based on Incentive Compatibility Theory
Authors: Gao Chun Cheng , Tao Li , Shi Shu Hong , Liu Dun Nan
Published: March 2015

There are various difficulties between power generators and power users during direct trade. The current direct trade rules and patterns cannot guarantee the interests of all parties directly related to the transaction, which is one of important reasons. Direct transaction space model of incentive compatible principles is proposed in this paper. How to guarantee the interests of grid, generators and big users during direct transaction is analyzed. For power generation companies, large users and grids, the change of interests are analyzed and marginal decision condition is studied. Based on the principle of incentive compatibility, direct transaction space model which not damage the interests of three transaction bodies is analyzed.
Comparative Analysis of Several Transmission Pricing Methods
Authors: Yang Dong , Huang Hai Tao , Jin Tian Xin , Xu Xiao Guang
Published: March 2015

This paper analyses several common transmission pricing methods of marginal cost and embedded cost deeply. It analyses pricing models of several transmission pricing methods, long-run marginal cost (LRMC) method, MW-Mile method, sensitivity method, flow tracing method, contract path method and stamp method. It also gives a comprehensive comparison of characteristics and limitations of these pricing methods, discusses their applicable conditions in aspects of fairness, economic, financial balance, transparency, operability and others, and makes a quantitative research of comparison based on a case, and verifies the results.
The Architecture of Multi-Layer Collaboration Information Service System for Electricity Trading in China
Authors: Tao Li , Gao Chun Cheng , Shi Shu Hong , Dai Yong , Wang Lei
Published: March 2015

With the advancement of electricity deregulation in China, the market entities’ demands for getting high quality information service from power exchange center are growing. Power exchange center needs to establish a comprehensive, efficient and interactive information service platform. In view of the current situation, this paper classifies the large amount of information in electricity market, and analyses the information demands and acquisition channels of market entities. This paper puts forward the architecture of multi-layer collaboration information service system for electricity trading in China. The architecture has a clearly hierarchy and reflects the crucial junctures of information processing. It has the important guiding significance to the power exchange center to provide quality information services for the market entities.
Verification of Electrical Energy Meterings Using the State Estimation Theory
Authors: Kochneva Elena
Published: March 2015

Energy metering complexes are included in the measuring part of the automatic meter reading (AMR) systems. Data distortion may occur at information level of AMR system as well as at measuring level. Errors that occur at the information level can be monitored programmatically. Measurement distortion occurred at the level of measurements is difficult to discover using technical methods. The trend in AMR systems is toward at improving their technical component, as well as increasing the amount of energy metering complexes which form AMR system. Still the mathematical modeling of the processes associated with energy measurements remains significantly low.
Study on the Quality Control Method of Nuclear Power Plant Project
Authors: Zheng Feng Ling
Published: March 2015

Nuclear power plant engineering quality is the security of nuclear safety. The main danger source of nuclear power plants is the nuclear island. Once the project quality uncontrollable, radioactive nuclear fuel could be harm to human and environmental in the nuclear power station trial operation or production cycle. So this paper analysis the effect factors of the nuclear power construction quality, and concludes it must to be control strictly the project construction quality of the nuclear power plant, and use the prevention and control method to set up quality defensive barrier to eliminate the problems of engineering quality.
Application of CAE Technology in the Simulation Design of Internal Combustion Engine Piston
Authors: Zhao Yan Hui , Peng Sheng Hui , Li Hong
Published: March 2015

In recent years, the computer software and technology and the rapid development of finite element theory promote the internal combustion engine dynamic analysis process, greatly improving the application of the internal combustion engine complex parts of the finite element analysis of the efficiency of the precision and reliability of.CAE technology in engine design in the field of eventually allow designers to design modern engine with high performance, low emission, low fuel consumption and low noise, light weight and miniaturization.
Correlation between Excess Heat and Pressure in a D/Pd Gas-Loading System with Heat-Flow Calorimeter
Authors: Wang Xing Ye , Shen Bing Jun , Zhang Wu Shou , Jin Li Hong , Lu Xin , Zhao Xin Le , Zhou Dan , Li Ling Yu , Tian Jian
Published: March 2015

Previously on the work [1-3] of excess heat triggering in a D/Pd gas-loading calorimeter system, we got that the system had the maximum excess power (6.398 ± 0.191 W) at the condition of an optimum current (8.47 A) and a deuterium pressure (3 × 104 Pa). In order to get higher excess heat power and to confirm the reliability and accuracy of the excess heat triggered by current in the previous work, we did a serials of experiments under different conditions. The results came from the heat-flow calorimeter system showed that the system produced the maximum excess heat power (10.284 ± 3.402 W) when the D2 pressure was 220 Pa. The key conditions of generating excess heat need to be further studied.
Effects of Natural Gas Compositions on Engine In-Cylinder Process
Authors: Xiang La , Ding Yu
Published: March 2015

Natural gas (NG) is one of the most promising alternative fuels of diesel and petrol because of its economics and environmental protection. Generally the NG engine share the similar structure profile with diesel or petrol engine but the combustion characteristics of NG is varied from the fuels, so the investigation of NG engine combustion process receive more attentions from the researchers. In this paper, a zero-dimensional model on the basis of Vibe function is built in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The model provides the prediction of combustion process in natural gas engines, which has been verified by the experimental data in the NG test bed. Furthermore, the influence of NG composition on engine performance is investigated, in which the in-cylinder maximum pressure and temperature and mean indicated pressure are compared using different type NG. It is shown in the results that NG with higher composition of methane results in lower maximum temperature and mean indicated pressure as well as higher maximum pressure.
Effects of Substitution Ratio on the Emission Characteristics of a Dual-Fuel Engine Fueled with Pilot Diesel Fuel and Methanol
Authors: Shen Ya Chong , Zhang Chun Hua , Li Gang , Zhou Jia Wang
Published: March 2015

Substitution ratio is an important parameter influencing on the performance of dual-fuel engine. In order to study the effects of substitution ratio on the emission characteristics of diesel/ methanol dual-fuel engine, a 6-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine was converted into a dual-fuel engine fueled with pilot diesel fuel and methanol. Methanol was injected into the intake pipe and ignited by pilot diesel fuel. Experiments were performed at a constant speed of 1400 r/min, and at three different engine loads of 40%, 60% and 100%. The experimental results indicate that CO and HC emissions of dual-fuel mode both increase significantly with the increase of substitution ratio, and are higher than those of diesel mode. Compared to diesel mode, dual-fuel mode generates lower NOx and smoke emissions. In addition, as substitution ratio increases, NOx and smoke emissions are decreased.
Experimental Study on Cooling Performance of Air Conditioning
Authors: Liang Kai , Lu Si Yuan , Zhou Qing Hui
Published: March 2015

Cooling performance of air conditioning is an important indicator in evaluating vehicle comfort. In this paper, taking three vehicles as examples, it evaluates the differences in cooling performance of air conditioning and passenger comfort by measuring the temperature of central vent and head room of driving position, researching the actual situation of temperature changes and analyzing the influence of cooling speed, strength and cabin shape to temperature.
Gas Analysis of Boiler Bottom Room above Water Seal
Authors: Yang Xing Sen , Yin Jing , Liu Ke , Dong Jian
Published: March 2015

The gas composition of boiler bottom room above the water-seal is very important to the steady operation of utility boilers in thermal power plant. As the water seal keeps air from entering the bottom room of the boiler, the gas there is comparatively enclosed. Coal particles fall down into the water from main burning area with high temperature. There is the possibility that carbon at high temperature react with water to produce combustible gases such as CO. When large quantities of slag fall down from the furnace into the water seal, the furnace pressure fluctuates widely and sharply, which leads to the flame out of the boiler quite often. The understanding of gas composition of the bottom room above water seal would help to find the reason of the pressure fluctuation. On the other hand, the gas composition above the water seal is the basic information that is deeded to research the whole burning process of coal particles and to maintain the steady operation state of boilers. Measurements were made to reveal the gas composition above the water seal. Temperature of gas just above the water seal was also measured. According to the measurement, CO concentration of high than 1000ppm was detected and the gas composition under normal state was analyzed.
Optical Performance Comparison of Six ACPCs for Concentrating Radiation on All-Glass Evacuated Solar Tubes
Authors: Xu Rui Hua , Zhang Qi Chao , Tang Run Sheng
Published: March 2015

In this work, six asymmetric compound parabolic concentrators (ACPC) were designed for concentrating radiation on all-glass evacuated solar tubes (EST). The ACPCs are required to be horizontally oriented in the east-west direction and to collect direct sunlight for at least 6 hrs in any day of a year. The angular dependence of optical efficiency of six ACPCs, identical in the height of both reflectors after the higher reflector being truncated, was investigated by ray-tracing method, and the annual radiation on EST concentrated by ACPCs was estimated based on solar geometry and monthly horizontally radiation. Results shows that the ACPC designed based on “hat shaped” virtual absorber with a V-groove at the bottom of reflectors is the best in terms of the optical efficiency averaged over the acceptance angle, followed by the one designed based on “hat-shaped” absorber without a V-groove at the bottom, and the one designed based on the cover tube of EST is the worst. However, from the point of annual radiation on EST, the ACPC designed based on the cover tube is the best solution, followed by the one designed based on “ice-cream shaped” absorber and the one designed based on “hat shaped” absorber is the worst due to the smallest geometric concentration factor.
Research on Thermal Properties of Two Phase in a Flue Gas Desulfurization Wet Scrubber
Authors: Chen Bao Kui , Sun Feng Zhong
Published: March 2015

A mathematical model was established to predict heat and mass transfer in a flue gas desulfurization scrubber under stable operation condition. Thermal properties of liquid and gas phase were studied. The temperature calculation formula of liquid was presented which is in alignment with the operation parameters. The distribution of temperature and humidity of out flue gas is analyzed through MATLAB software. The results show that thermal properties of outlet flue gas are only related to temperature, humidity, and liquid-to-gas ratio of inlet flue gas. With the increase of temperature and humidity of inlet flue gas, those of out flue gas increase also; with the increase of liquid-to-gas ratio, those of out flue gas decrease. Under actual operation condition of plant power, outlet flue gas is nearly in adiabatic saturation state.
A Study on the Power Consumption Patterns of General Hospital Buildings
Authors: Yeo Myung Kil , Lee Kang Guk , Hong Won Hwa
Published: March 2015

The most important part of energy use in hospital buildings is to identify its usage patterns and maintain power supply even in blackout situations, rather than to save energy. This paper presents the power energy usage patterns of general hospitals as basic data for the establishment of countermeasures in blackout situations.
The Size Effects to the Wind Environment of Traditional Chinese Siheyuan Buildings
Authors: Wei Zhou , Chen Jwo Hua
Published: March 2015

Series of numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of backyard depth to the wind environment of the atrium. In the first stage of this study it was found that the original designed narrow backyard is not conducive to induce wind flow into atrium. A CFD software was adopted to simulate the wind distribution with variant backyard depth. And the result shown, if the depth of backyard might allow the wake vortex to shed from the main house roof and formatted well then the velocity in the atrium would be increase. Not only the mean velocities were checked, also the uniformity of velocity in the atrium had be inspected. We found that the deeper backyard would increase the mean velocity contemporary . In the real situation of building sites, there might not be enough space for the backyard. In this study one more aisle was put beside the main house to check its effects . And the calculation results shown, that the two ailses will improve the flow rate from atrium to backyard even in the layout of original design and the wind environments also be improved. With this results it is evident that will also good for the natural ventilation and pollutant matter dispersed.
Effects of Drought Stress on Cotton Output and Fiber Property of Different Cultivars
Authors: Du Can , Zhao Shi Wei , Du Jian , Zhang Yao Fang , Wang Zi Long , Shang Ying Ni
Published: March 2015

Under adverse soil situations and simulated extreme climatic conditions, use the orthogonal design method and study the effect of 3 cultivars (Xinong Kang NO.4, NO.5 and Zhong mian NO.41 on lint output and quality by conducting the coupling water saving farming practice. The results showed that K4 and K5 perform better in output than the control (Zhong mian NO.41) and appeared drought resistant to some extent. No irrigation or with few irrigation (water saving), the outputs of the plots of irrigation regions suffering from water stress are better than control (irrigating two-three times), average output is increased by 8.11%. Compared with control, the plots with optimal combination of water saving farming practices and drought resistance have higher lint outputs and various fibers, increased by 4.62%~13.76% and by 5-10% on average separately. These demonstrated that coupling of water saving farming practices and drought-resistant varieties had significant effects on cotton output and quality, it provides water-saving agriculture engineering theory basis for the arid and semi-arid area.
Effects of Silcon on Growth and Cadmium Accumulation by Flue-Cured Tobacco
Authors: Ren Yan Fang , He Jun Yu , Liu Dong , Zhang Yan Chao , Chang Hui Qing
Published: March 2015

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacumL.) is able to accumulate cadmium in leaves and reduction of cadmium content can reduce health hazards to smokers. In the present study, the influence of silicon on the growth, yield and the content and distribution of cadmium (Cd) in flue-cured tobacco plants in the presence of cadmium was investigated by pot experiment. The results showed that Cd reduced the growth of both shoots and roots. Application of Si significantly increased the dry weight of roots and shoots in flue-cured tobacco grown in Cd contaminated soils, but not the largest leaf area. Si reduced the Cd concentration and accumulation in the root, stem and leaf of flue-cured tobacco compared with Cd alone. Si restricted the transport of Cd from roots to shoots. These results demonstrate that 1 and 2 g/kg Si could enhance Cd tolerance in flue-cured tobacco and decrease of Cd accumulation in plant and Cd translocation to shoots.