bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE INFLUENCE OF PHARMACIST COUNSELING ON CHANGES IN HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS OF PREGNANT WOMEN AT A COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER IN INDONESIA
Authors: Heryadi Puji Lestari , Sauriasari Rani , Andrajati Retnosari
Published: October 2017

Objectives: Anemia during pregnancy is a common problem among women. Iron deficiency can result from low compliance to consuming iron supplement tablets (ISTs) as well as consumption patterns that may affect iron uptake. The purpose of this study was to provide knowledge regarding anemia during pregnancy, to increase adherence to consumption of IST, and to improve IST consumption patterns.Methods: The study design was experimental with a randomized pre-post control design. There were 192 respondents who were divided into two groups: 96 respondents were not counseled and 96 respondents had received media leaflet counseling. The research was conducted at the community health center (CHC) of the Pagedangan Sub-district, Tangerang District, and Banten Province. All respondents were interviewed, and the hemoglobin (Hb) value was examined using the Hemocue Hb 301 Analyzer photometry method.Results: The results were analyzed using a Chi-square test to assess significant differences between the two groups (p<0.05) and multivariate analysis was conducted using binary logistic regression. The results showed that the influence of counseling could increase the Hb value by 8.6 times compared to the non-counseling group (OR=8.6; p<0.05) after controlling for number of IST per month, consumption pattern of IST with calcium, consumption pattern of IST with foods/beverages that inhibit the absorption of iron, level of education, and gestational age.Conclusions: Gestational age in the third trimester tends to increase the Hb value by 5.1 times compared with the first- and second-trimester gestations (OR=5.1, p<0.05). Thus, counseling from pharmacists can improve the success of anemia treatment in pregnant women in the CHC of the Pagedangan Sub-district, Tangerang District.
INFLUENCE OF PHARMACISTS’ INTERVENTION ON DRUG-RELATED PROBLEMS RELATED TO CHANGE IN HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS OF HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS AT ADJIDARMO HOSPITAL, LEBAK, BANTEN
Authors: Herlinawati Ai Yeni , Saurisari Rani , Retnosariandrajati Retnosariandrajati
Published: October 2017

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the intervention of pharmacists for drug-related problems (DRPs) related to hemoglobin (Hb) level.Methods: This study uses a prospective pre-experimental and pre-post design. The study sample included 85 patients. All patients were interviewed, and their prescriptions were identified. Then, interventions were given to doctors and patients based on the identified DRPs. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate data analysis with binary logistic regression analysis were used.Results: There was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the number of DRPs before (2.85±1.82) and after (0.74±0.86) the intervention. There was also a significant increase (p<0.05) in the average Hb level before (9.29±1.39) and after (9.68±1.41) the intervention; the average increase in Hb level after the intervention was 0.39 g/dl. DRP significantly influences the changes in Hb level after the intervention. Hb level increased by 0.145 times after intervention (odds ratio=0.145, p=0.015).Conclusions: Pharmacists’ intervention for DRPs can increase the success of anemia therapy of hemodialysis patients at Adjidarmo Hospital, Lebak, Banten.
IN SILICO SCREENING OF ANTIMALARIAL FROM INDONESIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS DATABASE TO PLASMEPSIN TARGET
Authors: Rifai Eko Aditya , Hayun Hayun , Yanuar Arry
Published: October 2017

Objective: Malaria is a disease that impacts millions of people annually. Among the enzymes, plasmepsin is the main enzyme in the plasmodium life cycle that degrades hemoglobin during the erythrocytic phase in the food vacuole. Recently, pharmaceutical industries have been trying to develop therapeutic agents that can cure malaria through the discovery of new plasmepsin inhibitor compounds. One of the developing approaches is the in silico method.Methods: The chosen in silico screening method in this experiment is a structure-based screening using GOLD software and the Indonesian medicinal plants database.Results: From ten in silico screening runs, three of the compounds always ranked in the top ten. These three compounds are trimyristin, cyanidin 3,5-di-(6-malonylglucoside), and isoscutellarein 4’-methyl ether 8-(6”-n-butylglucuronide). Another compound that emerged with high frequency is cyanidin 3,5-di-(6-malonylglucoside). Conclusions: Based on the results obtained from this screening, 11 inhibitor candidates are expected to be developed as antimalarial. These compounds are trimyristin; cyanidin 3,5-di-(6-malonylglucoside); isoscutellarein 4’-methyl ether 8-(6”-n-butylglucuronide); cyanidin 3-(6”-malonylglucoside)-5- glucoside; multifloroside; delphinidin 3-(2-rhamnosyl-6-malonylglucoside); delphinidin 3-(6-malonylglucoside)-3’,5’-di-(6-p-coumaroylglucoside); cyanidin 3-[6-(6-sinapylglucosyl)-2-xylosylgalactoside; kaempferol 3-glucosyl-(1-3)-rhamnosyl-(1-6)-galactoside; sanggenofuran A; and lycopene with a GOLD score range from 78.4647 to 98.2836. Two of them, Asp34 and Asp214, bind with all residues in the catalytic site of plasmepsin.
ANGIOTENSIN I-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORY ACTIVITY, TOTAL PHENOLIC AND FLAVONOID CONTENT OF EXTRACT AND FRACTION OF JAM FRUIT LEAVES (MUNTINGIA CALABURA L.)
Authors: Lasboi Eka , Rissyelly Rissyelly , Katrin Katrin
Published: October 2017

Objective: Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases. Inhibitory activity of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) is effective on giving hypotensive effect. Jamfruit leaf (Muntingia calabura L.) was reported to have an excellent hypotensive effect. This research was aimed to test in the manner of in vitro the inhibitory activity of ACE.Methods: This research used ACE kit-WST, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid from jam fruit leaf ethanol extract, hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol fraction.Results: The result showed that Jamfruit leaf extract had ACE inhibitory activity and the most active fraction was ethyl acetate fraction. Inhibitory concentration 50% value of the most active fraction, ethyl acetate fraction was 0.63 μg/mL. Ethyl acetate fraction also provides most flavonoid and phenolic content with a value of 10.91 mg/g extract quercetin equivalent and 74.90 mg/g extract gallic acid equivalent.Conclusions: Ethyl acetate fraction of jam fruit leaf had most flavonoid, phenolic compound, and ACE inhibitory activity.
EFFICACY OF A STANDARDIZED ETHANOL EXTRACT OF ROSELLE CALYX IN THE TREATMENT OF ORAL MUCOSA ULCERATION (IN VIVO)
Authors: Jayantini Reni , Suniarti Dewi Fatma , Sarwono Agoeng T
Published: October 2017

Objectives: To analyze the effectiveness of the topical application of a standardized ethanol extract of roselle calyx in the treatment of oral mucous ulceration.Methods: Twelve Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups, with oral mucous ulcer being induced in all the rats. The ulcer diameter, reddish color, and the swollen membrane around the ulcer, as well as the inflammation score of the ulcer, were recorded for all animals. The negative control group was treated with aquades, while the positive control group was treated with 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide. The treatment group received the topical application of 7.5% and 15% standardized ethanol extract of roselle calyx twice a day for 3 or 7 days. On the 4th day, six rats were sacrificed, while the remaining six rats continued to receive treatment as before. On the 8th day, all the rats were sacrificed. Specimens were fixed, and histology slides were made. Further, microscopic slides were observed and scored.Result: Both the 7.5% and 15% standardized ethanol extracts of roselle calyx were found to reduce the ulcer diameter and inflammation score. No swelling or redness was observed.Conclusions: The application of 7.5% standardized ethanol extract of roselle calyx for 7 days is equally as effective as the application of 0.1% triamcinolone acetonides, except in terms of the decrease in the inflammation score.
Comparative cost and clinical effectiveness of clostridial collagenase ointment for chronic dermal ulcers
Authors: Waycaster Curtis , Carter Marissa J , Gilligan Adrienne M , Mearns Elizabeth S , Fife Caroline E , Milne Catherine T
Published: October 2017

Chronic dermal ulcers affect approximately 2.4–4.5 million people in the USA and are associated with loss of function, decreased quality of life and significant economic burden. Debridement is a critical component of wound care involving removal of nonviable tissue from chronic wounds to stimulate the granulation and epithelialization process. Clostridial collagenase ointment has been used as a method of wound debridement for more than 50 years and is currently the only enzymatic debriding ointment with US FDA approval. This review discusses the results of recent real-world studies that build upon the evidence demonstrating the clinical effectiveness, cost–effectiveness and safety of clostridial collagenase ointment across wound types and care settings.
Lexicographic polynomials of graphs and their spectra
Authors: Cardoso Domingos , Carvalho Paula , Rama Paula , Simic Slobodan , Stanic Zoran
Published: October 2017

For a (simple) graph H and non-negative integers c0, c1,..., cd (cd ? 0),
p(H) = ?dk=0 ck?Hk is the lexicographic polynomial in H of degree d, where
the sum of two graphs is their join and ck?Hk is the join of ck copies of Hk.
The graph Hk is the kth power of H with respect to the lexicographic product
(H0 = K1). The spectrum (if H is connected and regular) and the Laplacian
spectrum (in general case) of p(H) are determined in terms of the spectrum of
H and ck's. Constructions of infinite families of cospectral or integral
graphs are announced.
Fixed point theorems in Fréchet algebras and Fréchet spaces and applications to nonlinear integral equations
Authors: Dudek Szymon
Published: October 2017

In this paper, we present two new fixed point theorems in Fr?chet algebras
and Fr?chet spaces. Our fixed point results are expressed with the help of
family of measures of noncompactness and generalizes Darbo theorem. As an
application, we establish some existence results for various types of
nonlinear integral equations.
Some characterizations of inner product spaces via some geometrical inequalities
Authors: Marinescu Dan , Monea Mihai , Mortici Cristinel
Published: October 2017

In this paper, we explore some geometrical inequalities. We present versions
for inner product spaces and we prove that this inequalities can characterize
the inner product spaces.
Extension of generalized integro-exponential function and its application in study of Chen distribution
Authors: Pogány Tibor , Cordeiro Gauss , Tahir Muhammad , Srivastava Hari
Published: October 2017

In 2000 Chen introduced a two-parameter lifetime model and has reported only
a few mathematical properties moments, quantile and generating functions,
among others. In this article, we derive a power series expansion for newly
introduced real upper parameter generalized integro-exponential function
Eps(z) extending certain Milgram's findings. By our novel results we derive
closed-form expressions for the moments, generating function, R?nyi entropy
and power series for the quantile function of the Chen distribution.
Error estimates of Gaussian quadrature formulae with the third class of Bernstein-Szegő weights
Authors: Pejcev Aleksandar
Published: October 2017

For analytic functions we study the remainder terms of Gauss quadrature rules
with respect to Bernstein-Szeg? weight functions w(t) = w?,?,?(t) = ?1+t/
1-t/?(?-2?)t2+2?(?-?)t+?2+?2, t?(-1,1), where 0 < ? <
?, ??2?, ??? < ?-?, and whose denominator is an arbitrary polynomial of
exact degree 2 that remains positive on [-1,1]. The subcase ?=1, ?=
2/(1+?), -1 < ? < 0 and ?=0 has been considered recently by M. M.
Spalevic, Error bounds of Gaussian quadrature formulae for one class of
Bernstein-Szeg? weights, Math. Comp., 82 (2013), 1037-1056.
Deletion of the Akt/mTORC1 Repressor REDD1 Prevents Visual Dysfunction in a Rodent Model of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Miller William P. , Yang Chen , Mihailescu Maria L. , Moore Joshua A. , Dai Weiwei , Barber Alistair J. , Dennis Michael D.
Published: October 2017

Diabetes-induced visual dysfunction is associated with significant neuroretinal cell death. The current study was designed to investigate the role of the Protein Regulated in Development and DNA Damage Response 1 (REDD1) in diabetes-induced retinal cell death and visual dysfunction. We recently demonstrated that REDD1 protein expression was elevated in response to hyperglycemia in the retina of diabetic rodents. REDD1 is an important regulator of Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin and as such plays a key role in neuronal function and survival. In R28 retinal cells in culture, hyperglycemic conditions enhanced REDD1 protein expression concomitant with caspase activation and cell death. By contrast, in REDD1-deficient R28 cells, neither hyperglycemic conditions nor the absence of insulin in culture medium were sufficient to promote cell death. In the retinas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, retinal apoptosis was dramatically elevated compared with nondiabetic controls, whereas no difference was observed in diabetic and nondiabetic REDD1-deficient mice. Electroretinogram abnormalities observed in b-wave and oscillatory potentials of diabetic wild-type mice were also absent in REDD1-deficient mice. Moreover, diabetic wild-type mice exhibited functional deficiencies in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, whereas diabetic REDD1-deficient mice had no visual dysfunction. The results support a role for REDD1 in diabetes-induced retinal neurodegeneration.
Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes by Hemoglobin A1c in Two Community-Based Cohorts
Authors: Leong Aaron , Daya Natalie , Porneala Bianca , Devlin James J. , Shiffman Dov , McPhaul Michael J. , Selvin Elizabeth , Meigs James B.
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) can be used to assess type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. We asked whether HbA1c was associated with T2D risk in four scenarios of clinical information availability: 1) HbA1c alone, 2) fasting laboratory tests, 3) clinic data, and 4) fasting laboratory tests and clinic data.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We studied a prospective cohort of white (N = 11,244) and black (N = 2,294) middle-aged participants without diabetes in the Framingham Heart Study and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Association of HbA1c with incident T2D (defined by medication use or fasting glucose [FG] ≥126 mg/dL) was evaluated in regression models adjusted for 1) age and sex (demographics); 2) demographics, FG, HDL, and triglycerides; 3) demographics, BMI, blood pressure, and T2D family history; or 4) all preceding covariates. We combined results from cohort and race analyses by random-effects meta-analyses. Subsidiary analyses tested the association of HbA1c with developing T2D within 8 years or only after 8 years.

RESULTS

Over 20 years, 3,315 individuals developed T2D. With adjustment for demographics, the odds of T2D increased fourfold for each percentage-unit increase in HbA1c. The odds ratio (OR) was 4.00 (95% CI 3.14, 5.10) for blacks and 4.73 (3.10, 7.21) for whites, resulting in a combined OR of 4.50 (3.35, 6.03). After adjustment for fasting laboratory tests and clinic data, the combined OR was 2.68 (2.15, 3.34) over 20 years, 5.79 (2.51, 13.36) within 8 years, and 2.23 (1.94, 2.57) after 8 years.

CONCLUSIONS

HbA1c predicts T2D in different common scenarios and is useful for identifying individuals with elevated T2D risk in both the short- and long-term.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in the Treatment of Ischemic Lower- Extremity Ulcers in Patients With Diabetes: Results of the DAMO2CLES Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Santema Katrien T.B. , Stoekenbroek Robert M. , Koelemay Mark J.W. , Reekers Jim A. , van Dortmont Laura M.C. , Oomen Arno , Smeets Luuk , Wever Jan J. , Legemate Dink A. , Ubbink Dirk T. ,   DAMO2CLES Study Group, Reichart M. , Balm R. , Bodegom M.E. , van Wanroij J.L. , ten Raa S. , Willems M.C. , Klemm P. , de Valk F.G. , Wever J.J. , Hulst I. , de Mol van Otterloo J.C.A. , Lenselink E.A. , Vos A.W.F. , van Nieuwenhuizen R.C. , Vahl A.C. , Smeets L. , Nio D. , van den Heuvel J.C.H. , Oomen A. , Swinkels J. , Vriens P.W.H.E. , van Hees C.P.A. , van Brussel J.P. , Koedam N.A. , Buijk S. , Lauwers P. , van Dortmont L.M.C. , Nederhoed J.H. , Kievit J.K. , Wiersema A.M. , Vierhout B.P. , van Baal J.G. , van Hulst R.A. , Groot R. , Everts P.A.M. , Raap R.D. Bol , Boonstra O. , Monsieurs K. G. , Vellinga T.P. van Rees , Zwinderman A.H. , Hamming J.F. , Peters E.J.G.
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE

Conflicting evidence exists on the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in the treatment of chronic ischemic leg ulcers. The aim of this trial was to investigate whether additional HBOT would benefit patients with diabetes and ischemic leg ulcers.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Patients with diabetes with an ischemic wound (n = 120) were randomized to standard care (SC) without or with HBOT (SC+HBOT). Primary outcomes were limb salvage and wound healing after 12 months, as well as time to wound healing. Other end points were amputation-free survival (AFS) and mortality.

RESULTS

Both groups contained 60 patients. Limb salvage was achieved in 47 patients in the SC group vs. 53 patients in the SC+HBOT group (risk difference [RD] 10% [95% CI −4 to 23]). After 12 months, 28 index wounds were healed in the SC group vs. 30 in the SC+HBOT group (RD 3% [95% CI −14 to 21]). AFS was achieved in 41 patients in the SC group and 49 patients in the SC+HBOT group (RD 13% [95% CI −2 to 28]). In the SC+HBOT group, 21 patients (35%) were unable to complete the HBOT protocol as planned. Those who did had significantly fewer major amputations and higher AFS (RD for AFS 26% [95% CI 10–38]).

CONCLUSIONS

Additional HBOT did not significantly improve complete wound healing or limb salvage in patients with diabetes and lower-limb ischemia.
DEVELOPING ALGORITHM FOR PARTITIONING TASKS INTO SUBTASKS IN THE SYSTEMS OF DISTRIBUTED DATA PROCESSING
Authors: Lukashenko Vladislav Vladislavovich , Romanchuk Vitaly Aleksandrovich
Published: October 2017

In terms of the problem of insufficient computational resources for a number of tasks, realization of computational cluster of neurocomputers is being considered as a variant. To implement the basic principle of distributed computing, there has been presented an algorithm for splitting the tasks entering the computational cluster of neurocomputers into sub-tasks. For this purpose, the program introduced into the cluster is suggested to present for execution in the modified postfix Polish record and to store it in the program command stack. To modify the program Polish notation should include different, non-arithmetic, operators and constructions. The next step is to get an abstract syntax tree of the program, following the rules for translating the modified postfix Polish record from the command stack into an abstract syntax tree. Then, the data should be sent to the abstract syntax tree of the program taking into account their bit depth, and to obtain the contiguity matrix of the program control flow graph that will display the set of all ways of program execution. The authors come to the conclusion that all operations recorded in the modified reverse Polish record presented in the form of an abstract syntax tree when data of a certain bit depth are transmitted to them, at the moment of transition to the program control flow graph executed in a single clock cycle are indivisible operations and can be represented as subprograms of the source program, which was submitted for processing to the computer cluster of neurocomputers.
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF ACCESS LIMITATION PROCESS UNDER DISCRETIONARY POLICY OF CONTROL
Authors: Kolotilov Yury Vasil'evich , Magomedov Shamil Gasanguseinovich
Published: October 2017

The paper describes one of the key problems of access limitation to information resources under the discrete control policy of access - a problem of obtaining the guarantee that there will never take place any violation of the requirements of access limitation policy under the selected strategy of providing information security and strict compliance with its requirements. To solve this problem is possible only using formalized methods. There has been suggested a formalized access limitation model comprising 5 components: multitude of agents having access to data processing software and hardware; multiple facilities of data processing system (information resources and data, software, hardware), which can become the object of activities of at least one agent; multitude of rights of access (a set of types of access); multitude of access limitations for an agent to a facility; multitude of requirements for the agent access; multitude of activities. The paper closely studies the component of multitude of activities, which includes all possible methods, means and techniques to deter threats and attacks, which can be used in the security system in order to provide and change ways of access of an agent to a facility. To arrange all the possible activities there have been singled out the four key criteria in terms of access limitation: the category to which the activity refers; affecting environment; the order of impact; the focus of activities. The individual characteristics of each of the four criteria have been described. Systematization criteria could lay the base of rules covering all possible situations and corresponding mechanisms of action. Creating such a base and its regular renewal and improvement are necessary for developing conditions for mass use of standard clarified protective means of information security.
ALGORITHM FOR DETERMINING FREQUENCY OF A HARMONIC SIGNAL USING STOCHASTIC SAMPLING
Authors: Zaitseva Irina Nikolaevna , Ugol'kov Vitaly Nikolaevich
Published: October 2017

The paper deals with the development of an algorithm for determining frequency of harmonic signals using a probabilistic-statistical method. The main feature of this algorithm is a short time of addressing to the investigated signal, which much shorter than signal period, according to three integrated sample collections with digital processing. Instantaneous values of the investigated signal in each sampling are based on stochastic discretization over time, according to the uniform distribution law. The main advantages of the algorithm are the short time of access to the signal under study and high accuracy of frequency measurement, which is essential for the infralow frequency signals with a duration period measured in minutes, hours, days, etc. There has been performed a numerical experiment in order to evaluate an error in determining frequency of such signals, depending on the accuracy of their sampling by real analog-to-digital converters. The paper shows that the error of frequency determined by the developed algorithm makes a few hundredths of a percent and scarcely depends on accuracy of a signal discretization by a certain level. The error obtained corresponds to discretization accuracy under conversion into accepted values of analogue-to-digital converters from 6- to 16-bit analogue-to-digital converters. The present algorithm may find practical use in radio technical processing of infralow frequency signals in acoustics, hydro-acoustics, seismic acoustics, underwater and underground communication.
DYNAMIC DISTRIBUTED MODEL OF MULTI-DRIVE BELT CONVEYOR
Authors: Zatonskiy Andrey Vladimirovich
Published: October 2017

The article deals with a problem of long multi-drive belt conveyors modeling. Disadvantages of existed methods prevent from using multi-drive long conveyors for ore reloading. The author has described two types of models. In the first type, all loading is calculated and reduced to a torque on a drum. In the second type, the conveyor operation is closely examined. The methods of the first type result in dot patterns, which optimize conveyor operation in the routine mode. The methods of the second type allow calculating breakage of the belt, but the drive dynamics should be determined beforehand. The author has designed a distributed model of such conveyors based on quite simple partial models of physics of conveyor elements. The whole belt should be divided into short segments, forces acting upon segments being integrated along the belt. Features of segment positions should be taken into account: whether the segment is on a driving drum, on a drum without torque, loaded or unloaded, at the place of loading, reloading, or discharge, etc. The algorithm of forces and accelerations calculation is based on the method of simple iterations. The software includes a simple schema editor and subroutines of a model. The adequacy of the modeling results has been shown in the course of normal conveyor regime, in the course of overloading and slipping. The updated model has been considered to be used for synthesis of the system management, in particular, for developing a program for the loaded conveyor start after emergency stop.
Variabilidade dos índices de umidade e aridez para as cidades de Crato e Paracurú no estado do Ceará
Authors: Corrêa Irene Cristina Pereira , Corrêa Irene Cristina Pereira , Brito José Ivaldo Barbosa de , Costa Adriana de Souza
Published: October 2017

A variabilidade interanual da precipitação do NEB e sua relação com o fenômeno ENOS, tem sido o objetivo de muitos estudos. Entretanto, na maioria das vezes nenhuma análise climática é realizada, mas apenas a variabilidade das variáveis precipitação e temperatura do ar, ou mesmo só a precipitação. Neste estudo, o objetivo foi analisar a variabilidade interanual do índice de aridez da UNEP – Ia(UNEP) e efetivo de umidade (Im) através da análise harmônica para as cidades de Crato e Paracurú no Ceará. Os dados manipulados foram os de temperaturas do ar médias mensais e de precipitação totais mensais e anuais para o período de 1951 a 2014, o que corresponde a sessenta e quatro anos de dados. Para a estimativa dos índices usou-se o balanço hídrico. Foi concluído que os municípios possuem como suas principais forçantes responsáveis pela variabilidade do clima os fenômenos El Niño e La Niña.
Pulmonary disposition and pharmacokinetics of minocycline in adult horses
Authors: Echeverria Kate O. , Lascola Kara M. , Giguère Steeve , Foreman Jonathan H. , Austin Scott A.
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE To determine pharmacokinetics and pulmonary disposition of minocycline in horses after IV and intragastric administration.

ANIMALS 7 healthy adult horses.

PROCEDURES For experiment 1 of the study, minocycline was administered IV (2.2 mg/kg) or intragastrically (4 mg/kg) to 6 horses by use of a randomized crossover design. Plasma samples were obtained before and 16 times within 36 hours after minocycline administration. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed 4 times within 24 hours after minocycline administration for collection of pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) and BAL cells. For experiment 2, minocycline was administered intragastrically (4 mg/kg, q 12 h, for 5 doses) to 6 horses. Plasma samples were obtained before and 20 times within 96 hours after minocycline administration. A BAL was performed 6 times within 72 hours after minocycline administration for collection of PELF samples and BAL cells.

RESULTS Mean bioavailability of minocycline was 48% (range, 35% to 75%). At steady state, mean ± SD maximum concentration (Cmax) of minocycline in plasma was 2.3 ± 1.3 μg/mL, and terminal half-life was 11.8 ± 0.5 hours. Median time to Cmax (Tmax) was 1.3 hours (interquartile range [IQR], 1.0 to 1.5 hours). The Cmax and Tmax of minocycline in the PELF were 10.5 ± 12.8 μg/mL and 9.0 hours (IQR, 5.5 to 12.0 hours), respectively. The Cmax and Tmax for BAL cells were 0.24 ± 0.1 μg/mL and 6.0 hours (IQR, 0 to 6.0 hours), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Minocycline was distributed into the PELF and BAL cells of adult horses.
ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ НООСФЕРОГЕНЕЗА
Authors: Тютюнник Ю.Г.
Published: October 2017

Проблемные вопросы реализации идеи ноосферы по В.И. Вернадскому в специфических условиях XXI века рассмотрены в более широком историческом контексте – от античности до современности. Показано, что наиболее серьезные препятствия на пути ноосферогенеза обусловлены в заложенном в человеческом подсознании инстинкте зоологического индивидуализма. Его проявления должны сдерживаться человеческой культурой, но в современных исторических условиях тем его проявлениям, которые выражаются в безудержном росте потребления, парадоксальным образом способствует сама культура в форме массовой. Позитивных исторических альтернатив ноосфере нет, однако она может быть реализована только при качественной и кардинальной трансформации процессов культурогенеза. Способы его осуществления – одна из главных проблем современности в условиях, когда лимитирующие факторы планетарной экосистемы стали определять ход исторического процесса.
Assentamentos rurais na metade sul do Rio Grande do Sul e a sua compatibilidade com o bioma pampa: estudo no assentamento São Joaquim
Authors: Da Rocha Nájila Souza , Zanella Francis Casagranda , Da Rocha Jefferson Marçal , Cruz Rafael Cabral
Published: October 2017

Neste trabalho analisam-se as práticas agrícolas desenvolvidas pelos agricultores assentados no Assentamento São Joaquim, localizado no município de Santana do Livramento, na chamada Metade Sul do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Considera-se que a Metade Sul se caracteriza como uma região com altos índices de concentração fundiária e econômica desde sua formação. Esta região é coberta pelo bioma Pampa, cuja biodiversidade tem sido ameaçada por polêmicos projetos de desenvolvimento. Nesse contexto, analisam-se as repercussões do modelo de ocupação proposto pela política de assentamentos rurais na região desde a década de 1980 a partir das estratégias de uso e ocupação do solo colocadas em prática no São Joaquim. A coleta e análise de dados se deu através de uma triangulação dos seguintes métodos: geoprocessamento com imagens de satélite, observações in loco no assentamento e entrevistas com os assentados. A partir da análise dos dados, constatou-se que são ainda poucas as práticas sustentáveis utilizadas pelos agricultores assentados. Porém, a percepção de que as atuais práticas precisam mudar, para garantir a manutenção do bioma e da própria reprodução como agricultores familiares, pode ser um importante subsídio na implantação de políticas que incentivem um desenvolvimento rural sustentável.
Boas práticas de fabricação e a melhora da qualidade na agricultura familiar: estudo de caso com pequenos produtores de cachaça
Authors: Meneghim Maria Cristina , Barboza Ricardo Augusto Bonoto , Ramalheiro Geralda Cristina De Freitas , De Lorenzo Helena Carvalho
Published: October 2017

As Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF) estabelecem princípios gerais em todas as etapas da produção de alimentos e bebidas, sendo necessária para a manutenção da qualidade da produção, para a redução de perdas de processo, para conferir maior competitividade no mercado de bebidas e para garantir a qualidade, identidade e padronização do produto. Este trabalho avaliou a influencia da implantação de BPF na qualidade sensorial e físico-química de cachaças produzidas no Estado de São Paulo através de interação Universidade-empresa. Conclui-se que a interação Universidade-empresa implicou em melhorias no processo produtivo que foram refletidas na qualidade sensorial e físico-química da bebida.
Casos de intervención de la Corte Penal Internacional
Authors: Molano Rojas Andrés
Published: October 2017

La Corte Penal Internacional (CPI) empezó a funcionar en el 2003, luego de la entrada en vigor del Estatuto de Roma el año inmediatamente anterior. Desde entonces, ha abordado la investigación de situaciones en cuatro Estados africanos:

Por remisión de los propios gobiernos:

Uganda (2004), por los actos de extrema violencia, reclutamiento de niñoos, esclavitud sexual, entre otros, cometidos por la guerrilla del Ejército de Resistencia del Señor (LRA).

República Democrática del Congo (2004), en relación con las masacres a la población civil y el empleo de la violencia sexual como arma de guerra en la región de los Kivus.

República Centroafricana (2005), por las masacres y graves violaciones sexuales que se cometieron en el 2002 y 2003.

Por remisión del Consejo de Seguridad de la Organización de Naciones Unidas:

Sudán (2005), ante la evidencia de graves crímenes e incluso de genocidio ocurridos en la región de Darfur.
Índice bibliográfico: Corte Penal Internacional
Authors: Molano Rojas Andrés
Published: October 2017

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Mecanismos de auto-perpetuación de la violencia Primera parte: las Bandas Criminales Emergentes o "BACRIM"
Authors: Borrero Mansilla Armando
Published: October 2017

Los períodos siguientes a procesos de paz suelen ser de cuidado para evitar la reproducción del conflicto mismo o de otras formas de violencia asociadas a factores supérstites enquistados en la sociedad. Los negocios ilegales, los llamados “mercados de violencia”, vale decir la colección de elementos como ex-combatientes, armas, traficantes de las mismas y otras estructuras delincuenciales asociadas al conflicto anterior que permanecen en disponibilidad, pueden reproducir, total o parcialmente el cuadro de enfrentamientos que se espera superar.
Colombia en un momento histórico para desarrollarse o correr riesgo de perder la Amazonía
Authors: Guío Suárez Luis Hernando
Published: October 2017

Colombia se analiza geoestratégicamente. en el 2012, según los criterios del A.P.E.N (Análisis Político Estratégico Nacional) del manual de Seguridad y Defensa Nacional (llenarlo). La conclusión de dicho A.P.E.N. es que Colombia podría dar un salto hacia el primer mundo, uniéndose a la economía brasileña, si se deshace de dos lastres, la corrupción, y la reforma a la justicia que en junio 29 del 2012 se hundió en medio de un escándalo de corrupción. Considerando que deshacerse de los lastres dependería del Congreso y de los intereses ya establecidos, se sugiere una solución militar de control territorial para no dejar pasar la oportunidad de dar el salto nacional. Se define académicamente la corrupción y se brindan distintos escenarios para combatirla con eficacia. Se sugieren 7 áreas de reformapara la justicia asociadas a la generación de riqueza nacional y a la seguridad jurídica. Finalmente, se establece un plan de control territorial militar que abarca la seguridad energética, el agua potable y la seguridad alimentaria, la seguridad de las comunicaciones y la documentación, la seguridad de transporte fluvial y ferroviario, la seguridad de la biodiversidad, seguridad de las migraciones, seguridad de la infraestructura, educación estatal gratuita funcional y de calidad por seguridad nacional.
El asunto de las poblaciones indígenas: de geopolítica a políticas geográficas
Authors: Politi Alessandro
Published: October 2017

El asunto indígena es un desafío para los obsoletos paradigmas sociales, políticos y económicos, pero puede utilizarse como un fuerte apalancador de la reforma para el cambio y hacer más competitivo y vivible a todo un país, liberándolo del costo y de la carga de viejos y pesados conflictos así como abriendo nuevas sendas sustentadles de desarrollo.
Unasur: ¿hacia la consolidación de un complejo regional de seguridad?
Authors: Cujabante Villamil Ximena Andrea
Published: October 2017

Este artículo, es el resultado de las inquietudes académicas generadas a partir de investigaciones realizadas sobre la seguridad regional, el cual analizael escenario de América del Sur a partir de la propuesta teórica de los Complejos Regionales de Seguridad (CRS). En este sentido, el objetivo de este artículo es realizar un análisis de la Unión Suramericana de Naciones (UNASUR) a la luz de los planteamientos de los CRS.
Política Exterior colombiana: ¿preparando el camino para una salida negociada al conflicto?
Authors: Roa Ramírez Diana Carolina
Published: October 2017

Este artículo presenta los resultados de la investigación sobre la política exterior de Juan Manuel Santos como camino de preparación para una intervención internacional en un eventual proceso de paz en Colombia y es producto del trabajo desarrollado en la línea de investigación en Procesos de Paz, Conflicto y Posconflicto. En una primera parte se estudiará la política exterior desarrollada por la administración Santos, así como el impacto que la misma ha tenido en las relaciones de Colombia con los demás actores del Sistema Internacional. Finalmente se analizará la actual política exterior colombiana a la luz de la teoría desarrollada por Vincenç Fisas1. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar si todos los esfuerzos desarrollados por el gobierno de Juan Manuel Santos, en materia de relaciones internacionales, van encaminados a preparar al país para un eventual proceso de paz en el que la intervención internacional juegue un papel central.
Capital y control como fundamento del Estado y su relación con la violencia
Authors: Sánchez Galindo Jairo Ernesto
Published: October 2017

El artículo presenta una introducción a los elementos conceptuales para el análisis de la relación que existe entre el capital, el control, los tipos de regímenes políticos y la violencia. En una primera parte retoma las discusiones clásicas sobre el ejercicio de la guerra y las condiciones de producción del capital para el desarrollo de la actividad bélica, luego establece algunos elementos sobre el control legal/ilegal de sectores poblacionales con el propósito de la extracción de rentas. A su vez, se comenta sobre la capacidad de los Estados para hacer frente a los captores ilegales de rentas y se establece una correlación sobre la capacidad de control del régimen y la violencia. Finalmente, se establecen algunas conclusiones.
La seguridad hemisférica y seguridad humana: quimeras probadas, desafíos pendientes
Authors: Bradán Robayo Farid
Published: October 2017

El presente artículo confronta el panorama mundial de seguridad con el escenario latinoamericano para desentrañar en primer lugar los mitos actuales sobre armamentismo en América Latina, y develar como segundo punto los desafíos que se sugieren como más probables e inmediatos, y que deben sortear los Estados de la región actualmente en materia de seguridad.
La Corte Penal Internacional y su contribución a la consolidación del Régimen Penal Internacional
Authors: Molano Rojas Andrés , Palma Gutiérrez Mauricio
Published: October 2017

El artículo reconstruye los orígenes del Régimen Penal Internacional y los antecedentes inmediatos del Estatuto de Roma, para luego describir las características y estructura organizacional de la Corte Penal Internacional. A continuación aborda el análisis del papel del tribunal en la consolidación del Régimen Penal Internacional y los factores que pueden estimular a los Estados a sumarse a dicho proceso. Finalmente valora, en términos de legalización, la contribución del Estatuto de Roma y de la Corte Penal Internacional a la consolidación del Régimen Penal Internacional.
A Novel Apparatus to Measure Knee Flexor Strength During Various Hamstring Exercises: A Reliability and Retrospective Injury Study
Authors: Hickey Jack T. , Hickey Peter F. , Maniar Nirav , Timmins Ryan G. , Williams Morgan D. , Pitcher Christian A. , Opar David A.
Published: October 2017

Study Design

Reliability and case-control injury study.

Background

Knee flexor strength is a key variable when dealing with hamstring strain injury (HSI), and methodologies of objective measurement of strength are often limited to single exercises.

Objectives

To establish test-retest reliability of a novel apparatus to measure knee flexor strength during various hamstring exercises, and to investigate whether the measure can detect between-leg differences in male participants with and without history of unilateral HSI.

Methods

Twenty male participants without and 10 male participants with previous unilateral HSI participated. Isometric knee flexor strength and peak rate of force development (RFD) at 0°/0°, 45°/45°, and 90°/90° of hip/knee flexion were measured, as well as force impulse during bilateral and unilateral variations of an eccentric slider and hamstring bridge, using a novel apparatus. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), typical error, and typical error as a coefficient of variation were calculated for all measures. The magnitudes of between-leg differences within each group were calculated using estimates of effect sizes, reported as Cohen's d and 90% confidence interval (CI).

Results

Moderate to high test-retest reliability was observed for isometric knee flexor strength (ICC = 0.87–0.92) and peak RFD (ICC = 0.88–0.95) across 3 positions and for mean force impulse during the eccentric slider (ICC = 0.83–0.90). In those with prior HSI, large deficits were observed in the previously injured leg compared to the contralateral uninjured leg for mean force impulse during the unilateral eccentric slider (d = −1.09; 90% CI: −0.20, −1.97), isometric strength at 0°/0° (d = −1.06; 90% CI: −0.18, −1.93) and 45°/45° (d = −0.88; 90% CI: −0.02, −1.74), and peak RFD at 45°/45° (d = −0.88; 90% CI: −0.02, −1.74).

Conclusion

The novel apparatus provides a reliable measure of isometric knee flexor strength, peak RFD, and force impulse during an eccentric slider, with deficits seen in previously injured hamstrings for these measures. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(2):72–80. Epub 26 Oct 2017. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.7634
Electron density and electrostatic potential-based characteristics of molecular plasmons in polyacenes
Authors: Paul Mishu , Pananghat Balanarayan
Published: October 2017

Plasmonic modes in single-molecule systems have been previously identified by scaling two-electron interactions while calculating excitation energies [Bernadotte et al., J. Phys. Chem. C, 2013, 117, 1863]. Analysis of transition dipole moments for states of polyacenes based on configuration interaction [Guidez et al., J. Phys. Chem. C, 2013, 117, 21466.] was yet another method characterizing molecular plasmons. The principal features in the electronic absorption spectra for polyacenes are a low-intensity, lower-in-energy peak (denoted as α) and a high-intensity, higher-in-energy peak (β ). From our calculations using time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) at B3LYP/cc-pVTZ basis, both the peaks were found to result from the same set of electronic transitions (HOMO-n to LUMO and HOMO to LUMO+n, where n varies as the number of fused rings increases). In this work, the excited states of polyacenes, naphthalene through pentacene, have been analysed using electron densities and molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) topography. The bright and dark plasmonic states involve the least electron rearrangement, as compared to other excited states. Quantitatively, the MESP topography indicates that the variance in MESP values as well as displacement in minima positions (calculated with respect to the ground state) are lowest for plasmonic states. This suggests a resemblance between the plasmonic and ground state electronic density profiles and electrostatic potential topographies. On the other hand, a high electron-rearrangement characterizes a single particle excitation. The molecular plasmon can be called an excited state most similar to the ground state in terms of one-electron properties.
Peer academic mentoring na FEUP e na FEP: um estudo exploratório
Authors: Silva Emília Santos , Proença Maria Teresa
Published: October 2017

Os docentes do ensino superior são atores principais dos inúmeros desafios que o ensino superior enfrenta, tais como a procura de fontes de financiamento complementar, dos processos de acreditação e de avaliação dos cursos e das instituições, do número de alunos que conseguem atrair ou da sua empregabilidade. Para além da participação nos processos institucionais atrás referidos, é esperado que este grupo profissional encete estratégias ativas de desenvolvimento ao nível pedagógico, seja capaz de atingir maiores níveis de produção científica, que afetivamente participe na transferência do conhecimento e contribuía também para uma gestão académica racional, eficiente e de melhor qualidade. Neste exigente contexto, será forçoso encontrar estratégias que potenciem aprendizagens e desenvolvimento, nomeadamente fazendo uso da experiência, da sabedoria e da influência das redes intensas de relações interpessoais dos pares. O mentoring pode configurar uma destas estratégias, pois consiste numa relação interpessoal significativa estabelecida entre um júnior, o mentee, e um sénior, o mentor, cujo objetivo é o desenvolvimento do indivíduo e da organização. Muito embora o Peer Mentoring seja uma metodologia de apoio ao desenvolvimento, e à potenciação do sucesso da carreira profissional, os dados empíricos disponíveis não evidenciam qualquer contexto de ensino superior português onde esta metodologia seja aplicada ao pessoal docente do ensino superior. O estudo exploratório desenvolvido na FEUP e na FEP, envolvendo um inquérito por questionário a uma amostra de 23% e 25% dos docentes, respetivamente, revelou que o mentoring não parece ser, ainda, em ambas as faculdades, uma metodologia conhecida e intencionalmente praticada. Contudo, os resultados do estudo parecem apontar para uma necessidade latente, e uma disponibilidade implícita dos docentes para participar num programa formal de Peer Academic Mentoring.
Satisfação laboral: um estudo de caso
Authors: Reis Felipa Lopes dos , Tavares Maria Serafina Rocha Alves
Published: October 2017

Com o presente trabalho pretende-se investigar a motivação como uma ferramenta para alcançar a produtividade e a excelência no desempenho das atividades na administração pública Cabo-verdiana. Para alcançar o objetivo deste trabalho, fez-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a administração dos recursos humanos e sobre diversas teorias relacionadas com a motivação para o trabalho nas organizações. Utilizou-se o método inquisitivo baseado num questionário escrito para se obter dados referentes a motivação dos funcionários da administração pública, e após a análise dos mesmos, chegou-se à conclusão que a evolução de uma organização está intimamente relacionada com a valorização dos recursos humanos sendo necessário o reconhecimento do potencial humano nas suas relações afetivas e emocionais, na integração da equipa e no comprometimento de cada um no trabalho que realiza, desenvolvendo a motivação e proporcionando resultados de grande valia para a administração pública e para o funcionário público.
Competencias que debe adquirir un ingeniero en materia de liderazgo y los mejores métodos para lograr estas competencias
Authors: García Manga Marta , Pastor Tejedor Ana Clara , Pablo Sanz Daniel de , Navarro Elola Luis , Pastor Tejedor Jesús
Published: October 2017

Para un ingeniero es muy importante saber cómo liderar y motivar a un grupo de personas a su cargo. Este artículo explica cuáles son las características que debe reunir un ingeniero para llevar a cabo estas tareas de una manera eficiente y productiva, además de la mejor manera de conseguirlas. Para ello, se analiza cómo se imparte el liderazgo en las mejores escuelas de negocios del mundo, así como las publicaciones científicas más relevantes en este tema. Utilizando esto como base, se diseña un curso de liderazgo dirigido específicamente a los ingenieros, utilizando para ello dos herramientas: el marketing holístico, para el diseño del marco general, y la casa de la calidad, para el diseño del marco específico.