bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CT Imaging as a Single Modality for Clinical Staging of Gastric Cancer in Limited Resource Centers: A Retrospective Pilot Study
Authors: Klingbeil Kyle D. , Eng Isabel K. , Dube Priyanka , Dillon Dustin L. , Bechay Kirollos , Manouchehr‐Pour Shawdi , Bastani Roshan , Viragh Karoly , Thomas Mariam R. , Kadera Brian E.
Published: October 2024

Background

Gastric cancer disproportionately impacts populations in resource‐limited settings. Within a safety‐net network, we assessed the utility of computed tomography (CT) as a single staging modality.

Methods

We utilized a clinical database of gastric cancer patients treated within the Los Angeles County safety‐net hospital system from 2016 to 2023 in conjunction with retrospective imaging review by certified radiologists. We assessed agreement between clinical and pathological staging for patients who underwent curative gastrectomy using the Kappa coefficient.

Results

Of 107 patients with available CT imaging, 43.9% (n = 47) were staged with CT as a single modality. Most tumors displayed infiltrating (75%) or diffuse (28%) morphology, 41% displayed adequate gastric distention and regional lymphadenopathy was common (68%). Twenty‐nine patients underwent curative gastrectomy. Overall agreement was minimal (κ = 0.29, 95% CI [0.071−0.51], p = 0.022), weak for T3/T4 tumors (κ = 0.50, 95% CI [0.17−0.82], p < 0.01), and weak for Hispanic/Latino patients (κ = 0.47, 95% CI [0.19−0.76], p < 0.01).

Conclusions

There was minimal agreement between clinical and pathologic staging when assessing clinical stage by CT imaging alone, suggesting that CT is not adequate as a single modality staging tool. While every effort should be made to obtain multimodal staging, larger studies are warranted to improve CT imaging protocols for staging in resource‐limited settings.
A study on existence and stability analysis of implicit k,Ψ$$ \left(k,\Psi \right) $$‐Hilfer fractional differential equations and application to RC$$ \mathcal{RC} $$ circuit model
Authors: Bhupeshwar  , Patel Deepesh Kumar
Published: October 2024

In the present study, we establish the existence and uniqueness of solutions for nonlinear initial value problems and nonlocal boundary value problems associated with implicit fractional differential equations involving
‐Hilfer derivative operator. Furthermore, we explore the stability properties of these solutions in the sense of the Ulam–Hyers, Ulam–Hyers–Rassias, and their generalized stability concepts by proving and applying generalized Gronwall inequality. Lastly, we present the fractional
electric circuit model as an example to show the practical applicability of our main results.
A Quantum String‐Matching Algorithm
Authors: Prousalis Konstantinos , Kydros Asimakis , Konofaos Nikos
Published: October 2024

A novel quantum algorithm for string‐matching is introduced that significantly enhances the complexity of this fundamental operation, essential in numerous computing applications. The algorithm is designed as a composite quantum denoising procedure applied to a quantum‐generated dot‐matrix plot, which is treated as an image. This approach effectively identifies regions of similarity between two input strings of lengths N and M. For strings of equal length, the algorithm achieves a time complexity of and a space complexity of , demonstrating a clear advantage in quantum computational efficiency.
Water tariffs and social equity: Towards water service connections and pricing instruments for the poor
Authors: Torio Philamer C. , Harris Leila M.
Published: October 2024

Aside from operational sustainability and efficiency goals, water tariffs also need to address the requirements of affordability and equity, in most instances, by providing subsidies to poor households. Yet, poor households are unable to enjoy the benefits of such cross‐subsidization and linked conveniences as they are unable to get water service connections. Even with a well‐designed water tariff, the inability of poor households to get piped connections results in the payment of premiums for water that is difficult to access and, at times, of questionable quality. In this paper, we assess the pro‐poor projects of three Philippine municipal water systems and suggest that providing water service connections to poor households allows these households to avoid paying the water poverty premium, as well as experience the related public health and quality of life benefits accruing from such connections. We argue that designing the best tariff for existing socio‐economic, political, and environmental realities must go hand in hand with programs that provide water service connections to poor households as this will ensure not only operational viability but also equitable water provision.
Shocks at Local Banks, EU GDP Growth, and Banking Sector Stability
Authors: Arca Pasqualina , Carosi Andrea , Moro Ornella
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores whether shocks originating at local banks affect the EU’s economic growth and banking system’s stability. Our analysis proceeds in two steps. In the first step, we identify locally dominant banks that substantially impact their local macroeconomic environment but are not among the largest European banks. We construct a measure of idiosyncratic shocks at these dominant local banks, the so-called Local Banking Granular Residual. We show that idiosyncratic shocks to these locally dominant banks propagate nationally and explain a significant portion of aggregate EU macroeconomic fluctuations. In a second step, we relate idiosyncratic shocks at local dominant banks to EU banking system stability, as measured by an EU Bank Z-score, and find significant evidence. We show that local banks matter in the EU.
Systemic Risk and Network Science: A Bibliometric and Systematic Review
Authors: Pacelli Vincenzo , Panetta Ida Claudia , Povia Maria Melania
Published: October 2024

Estimating systemic risk in networks of financial institutions is increasingly a challenge in policymaking. The complexity of financial networks may increase the difficulty of mitigating systemic risk and how the topology of connections can propagate the failure of an individual entity through the network in the system. Our study’s primary purpose is to apply the bibliometric techniques and the systematic review method to understand the evolution of research on systemic risk and interconnectedness among financial markets and institutions and highlight the literature’s progress during the period from 2008 to 2023. Results suggest that systemic risk and financial networks have experienced rapid growth during the last decade, and this can contribute to a future research agenda on the topic.
Macro-Prudential Policies to Mitigate Systemic Risk: An International Overview
Authors: Pacelli Vincenzo , Povia Maria Melania
Published: October 2024

In the wake of the global financial crisis, a clear awareness has emerged that systemic risk can only be addressed and managed through macro-prudential policies. Many countries have embarked on new reforms of the financial regulatory system with macro-prudential mechanisms, technical standards and instruments aimed at mitigating systemic risk. The main purpose of this essay is to summarise the main reforms in Europe, the United States, China, Islamic countries and Japan and to explain how these reforms fit together. In addition, through a comparative analysis of regulatory structures, we assess the effectiveness of macro-prudential tools in preventing and mitigating potential systemic risks and safeguarding financial stability. The results show a growing and widespread focus on prudential policies and architectures to mitigate systemic risk, although the different economies analysed start from very different positions.
Systemic Cyber Risk in the Financial Sector: Can Network Analysis Assist in Identifying Vulnerabilities and Improving Resilience?
Authors: Panetta Ida Claudia , Leo Sabrina
Published: October 2024

The increasing interconnectedness and digitalisation of the financial sector have exposed it to a new and pervasive threat: systemic cyber risk. Systemic cyber risk in finance refers to the potential for a cyber-attack or breach to cause widespread disruption and instability across financial systems and markets. This type of risk can arise from various sources, including hackers, insider threats, and technological failures. Financial institutions and policymakers can help safeguard the global economy and protect against potential disruptions and instability by addressing systemic cyber risk. To effectively mitigate systemic cyber risk, it is important to have a deep understanding of the potential threats and vulnerabilities within their systems. This requires ongoing analysis and study of the evolving nature of cyber threats and the latest technological advancements in cybersecurity. Ongoing analysis and study of cyber threats and advancements in cybersecurity are crucial to staying ahead of evolving risks and ensuring the financial system’s stability. In this context, Network analysis can be a valuable tool in studying systemic cyber risk in the financial domain since it is a powerful tool for understanding the interconnectedness of financial institutions and markets and the potential pathways for cyber risk to spread throughout the system. By mapping out these networks and identifying key nodes and vulnerabilities, institutions can better prepare for and respond to cyber-attacks.
The Lacunocanalicular Network is Denser in C57BL/6 Compared to BALB/c Mice
Authors: Rummler Maximilian , van Tol Alexander , Schemenz Victoria , Hartmann Markus A. , Blouin Stéphane , Willie Bettina M. , Weinkamer Richard
Published: October 2024

The lacunocanalicular network (LCN) is an intricate arrangement of cavities (lacunae) and channels (canaliculi), which permeates the mineralized bone matrix. In its porosity, the LCN accommodates the cell network of osteocytes. These two nested networks are attributed a variety of essential functions including transport, signaling, and mechanosensitivity due to load-induced fluid flow through the LCN. For a more quantitative assessment of the networks’ function, the three-dimensional architecture has to be known. For this reason, we aimed (i) to quantitatively characterize spatial heterogeneities of the LCN in whole mouse tibial cross-sections of BALB/c mice and (ii) to analyze differences in LCN architecture by comparison with another commonly used inbred mouse strain, the C57BL/6 mouse. Both tibiae of five BALB/c mice (female, 26-week-old) were stained using rhodamine 6G and whole tibiae cross-sections were imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Using image analysis, the LCN was quantified in terms of density and connectivity and lacunar parameters, such as lacunar degree, volume, and shape. In the same tibial cross-sections, the calcium content was measured using quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI). A structural analysis of the LCN properties showed that spatially denser parts of the LCN are mainly due to a higher density of branching points in the network. While a high intra-individual variability of network density was detected within the cortex, the inter-individual variability between different mice was low. In comparison to C57BL/6J mice, BALB/c mice showed a distinct lower canalicular density. This reduced network was already detectable on a local network level with fewer canaliculi emanating from lacunae. Spatial correlation with qBEI images demonstrated that bone modeling resulted in disruptions in the network architecture. The spatial heterogeneity and differences in density of the LCN likely affects the fluid flow within the network and therefore bone’s mechanoresponse to loading.
Design of the conserved epitope peptide of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as the broad-spectrum COVID-19 vaccine
Authors: Chang Ting-Yu , Li Chia-Jung , Chao Tai-Ling , Chang Sui-Yuan , Chang Shih-Chung
Published: October 2024

Our previous study has found that monoclonal antibodies targeting a conserved epitope peptide spanning from residues 1144 to 1156 of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, namely S(1144–1156), can broadly neutralize all of the prevalent SARS-CoV-2 strains, including the wild type, Alpha, Epsilon, Delta, and Gamma variants. In the study, S(1144–1156) was conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and formulated with Montanide ISA 51 adjuvant for inoculation in BALB/c mice to study its potential as a vaccine candidate. Results showed that the titers of S protein-specific IgGs and the neutralizing antibodies in mouse sera against various SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the Omicron sublineages, were largely induced along with three doses of immunization. The significant release of IFN-γ and IL-2 was also observed by ELISpot assays through stimulating vaccinated mouse splenocytes with the S(1144–1156) peptide. Furthermore, the vaccination of the S(1143–1157)- and S(1142–1158)-EGFP fusion proteins can elicit more SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in mouse sera than the S(1144–1156)-EGFP fusion protein. Interestingly, the antisera collected from mice inoculated with the S(1144–1156) peptide vaccine exhibited better efficacy for neutralizing Omicron BA.2.86 and JN.1 subvariants than Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and XBB subvariants. Since the amino acid sequences of the S(1144–1156) are highly conserved among various SARS-CoV-2 variants, the immunogen containing the S(1144–1156) core epitope can be designed as a broadly effective COVID-19 vaccine.

Key points

• Inoculation of mice with the S(1144–1156) peptide vaccine can induce bnAbs against various SARS-CoV-2 variants.

• The S(1144–1156) peptide stimulated significant release of IFN-γ and IL-2 in vaccinated mouse splenocytes.

• The S(1143–1157) and S(1142–1158) peptide vaccines can elicit more SARS-CoV-2 nAbs in mice.
Efficacy of Microneedle as an Assisted Therapy for Melasma: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Simin He , Siliang Xue , Wei Chen , Ping Diao , Erlong Li , Jianbo Zhao
Published: October 2024

Background

Melasma is a common hyperpigmentary disorder, it has variety of treatment options, but it usually has a poor curative effect and high recurrence rate. Microneedles have shown certain prospects in the treatment of melasma as an assisted therapy, but there is no consensus on its efficacy and safety. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of microneedles as an adjuvant treatment for melasma.

Methods

Statistical tools were used to adjust the improvement of MASI scores in all studies to obtain standardized mean differences (SMD), and then, meta-analysis were performed. Risk ratio (RR) was utilized to assess adverse reactions, clinical effectiveness, and patient satisfaction.

Results

The effects of microneedle-assisted treatment for melasma begin to manifest at the 4th week, with optimal results observed at the 24th week, and with a high patient satisfaction. Compared with oral medication alone, microneedle-assisted therapy began to be more effective at week 12 and continued by 24 weeks. Compared with laser therapy alone, microneedle-assisted therapy also showed stronger efficacy, at the 8th week, microneedle-assisted treatment was significantly more effective, reaching its peak at the 12th week. Finally, in the comparison of microneedle and microinjection therapy, microneedle has always been more significant than micro-injection.

Conclusions

Microneedle is a valuable adjunctive therapy for melasma treatment. It enhances long-term clinical outcomes compared to monotherapy and is associated with high patient satisfaction.

Level of Evidence IV

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
A plastic correction algorithm for full-field elasto-plastic finite element simulations: critical assessment of predictive capabilities and improvement by machine learning
Authors: Palchoudhary Abhishek , Peter Simone , Maurel Vincent , Ovalle Cristian , Kerfriden Pierre
Published: October 2024

This paper introduces a new local plastic correction algorithm that is aimed at accelerating elasto-plastic finite element (FE) simulations for structural problems exhibiting localised plasticity (around e.g. notches, geometrical defects). The proposed method belongs to the category of generalised multi-axial Neuber-type methods, which process the results of an elastic prediction point-wise in order to calculate an approximation of the full elasto-plastic solution. The proposed algorithm relies on a rule of local proportionality, which, in the context of J2 plasticity, allows us to express the plastic correction problem in terms of the amplitude of the full mechanical tensors only. This lightweight correction problem can be solved for numerically using a fully implicit time integrator that shares similarities with the radial return algorithm. The numerical capabilities of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated for a notched structure and a specimen containing a distribution of spherical pores, subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading. As a second point of innovation, we show that the proposed local plastic correction algorithm can be further accelerated by employing a simple meta-modelling strategy, with virtually no added errors. At last, we develop and investigate the merits of a deep-learning-based corrective layer designed to reduce the approximation error of the plastic corrector. A convolutional architecture is used to analyse the neighbourhoods of material points and outputs a scalar correction to the point-wise Neuber-type predictions. This optional brick of the proposed plastic correction methodology relies on the availability of a set of full elasto-plastic finite element solutions to be used as a training data-set.
Prediction of 90-day mortality risk after unplanned emergency department visits of advanced stage cancer patients
Authors: Jeryczynski Georg , Krall Christoph , Pasalic Sabina , Huber Dominikus , Cacioppo Filippo , Bartsch Rupert , Fuereder Thorsten , Laggner Anton , Preusser Matthias , Minichsdorfer Christoph
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Cancer represents the leading cause of mortality in high-income countries. In the last years, the rate of emergency department (ED) visits by cancer patients has increased 5.5-fold. These ED visits impose a significant economic burden and may indicate the progression of the oncologic disease. The goal of this retrospective study was to identify patient-derived risk factors, especially focusing on serum albumin and body mass index (BMI) for 90-day mortality following unplanned ED visits by cancer patients.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of all patients with an ICD-10 diagnosis for cancer undergoing palliative treatment presenting at the ED between 2016 and 2018 at the General Hospital of Vienna was performed. Laboratory values, emergency severity index (ESI), and BMI were collected at the ED presentation. 90-day mortality (90MM) was calculated from the ED presentation.

Results

A total of 448 cancer patients were included. Lung cancer (19.2%) and pancreaticobiliary cancer (15.6%) were the most frequent diagnoses. The main reasons for ED visits were pain (20.5%) and fever (17.4%). Sixty-nine percent of patients had to be admitted and 17.5% of patients died during hospitalization. 90MM was highest for patients with low albumin (< 35 g/L vs. > 35 g/L: 60.4% vs. 31.4%; p < .0001). When incorporating albumin levels and BMI, patients with both values below the cutoff had the highest risk for death (HR 4.01, 95% CI 2.30–7.02).

Conclusion

Cancer patients face a high risk for hospitalization when presenting at the ED. The 90MM rate is highest in patients with low BMI and albumin levels. This highlights an especially vulnerable cohort of cancer patients for whom supportive care and palliative care have to be optimized.
Validation of MEWS, NEWS, NEWS-2 and qSOFA for different infection foci at the emergency department, the acutelines cohort
Authors: Hincapié-Osorno Carolina , van Wijk Raymond J. , Postma Douwe F. , Koeze Jacqueline , Ter Maaten Jan C. , Jaimes Fabian , Bouma Hjalmar R.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The lack of specific prognostic markers necessitates tools for early risk identification in patients with suspected infections in emergency department (ED). This study evaluates the prognostic accuracy of various Early Warning Scores (EWS)—MEWS, NEWS, NEWS-2, and qSOFA—for in-hospital mortality, 30-day mortality, and ICU admission, considering the site of infection.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from the Acutelines cohort, which included data collected from patients admitted to the University Medical Centre Groningen ED between September 2020 and July 2023. Patients were included if they had an ICD-10 code for infection. EWS were calculated using clinical data within 8 h post-admission. Predictive performance was assessed using AUC-ROC, calibration by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration curves, and operative characteristics like sensitivity and specificity.

Results

A total of 1661 patients were analyzed, with infections distributed as follows: lower respiratory tract (32.9%), urinary tract (30.7%), abdominal (12.5%), skin and soft tissue (9.5%), and others (8.2%). The overall in-hospital mortality was 6.7%, and ICU admission was 7.1%. The highest AUC-ROC for in-hospital mortality prediction was observed with NEWS and NEWS-2 in abdominal infections (0.86), while the lowest was for qSOFA in skin and soft tissue infections (0.57). Predictive performance varied by infection site.

Conclusions

The study highlights the variability in EWS performance based on infection site, emphasizing the need to consider the source of infection in EWS development for sepsis prognosis. Tailored or hybrid models may enhance predictive accuracy, balancing simplicity and specificity.
Der Skorbut – eine heute vergessene Volkskrankheit
Authors: Flamm Heinz
Published: October 2024

Als im 15. Jahrhundert neben den bisherigen küstennahen Seefahrten mit leicht erreichbarer frischer Kost die oft jahrelangen Seereisen nur mit konservierten Lebensmitteln (Fische, Salzfleisch, Zwieback) unternommen wurden, trat nach wenigen Wochen bei den Besatzungen eine oft tödliche Krankheit mit Hinfälligkeit, Ausfall der Zähne und fürchterlichem Gestank aus dem Mund auf.

Bald mehrten sich Berichte über gleiche Krankheitsfälle in den Niederlanden, Norddeutschland und im Baltikum, in Frankreich, Lothringen und Genf, in Böhmen, Mähren, Schlesien, Schwaben und Russland: der endemische „Landskorbut“. Als erste ärztliche Beschreibung gilt ein 1541 von Johann Echt an Kollegen im niederdeutschen Raum geschriebener Brief, der viermal publiziert worden ist. Eine der ersten umfänglichen Bearbeitungen lieferte der englische Arzt James Lind. Über den Skorbut, wurde unter etlichen lokalen Namen, wie Scharbock, Scheurbuik oder Scurvy berichtet.

Unter den pathologischen Veränderungen dominierten die Nekrosen der Gingiva mit Zahnausfall, die Blutungen mit Zerstörungen an den Knorpel-Knochen-Grenzen insbesondere der Rippen und die subperiostalen Blutungen der langen Knochen und Rippen.

Zur Behandlung und Vorbeugung des Skorbuts bewährte sich bald der Konsum von grünen Pflanzen und frischen tierischen Eingeweiden. Die lange Zeit bevorzugten Pflanzen waren Scharbockskraut, Großes Schöllkraut und Löffelkraut. Aber auch andere grüne Pflanzen und der Absud von Koniferen-Nadeln wirkten. Nachdem der primär in England als „akute Rachitis“ beschriebene Morbus Möller-Barlow als kindlicher Skorbut erkannt war, befasste man sich auch mit der Zubereitung der Milch zur Vermeidung der Krankheit. Schließlich fand man die Hexuronsäure, die bald unter dem Namen Askorbinsäure oder Vitamin C als gut dosierbares Mittel zur Bekämpfung des Skorbuts allgemein verfügbar wurde.
CEO personality and ideological corporate political activity: is there a connection?
Authors: Greiner Michael , Kim Jaemin , Julian Scott , Cordon Thor Jennifer
Published: October 2024

Scholars have called for additional research into the antecedents to corporate political activity (CPA), including why firms may engage in specific kinds of CPA. In response, in what we believe to be a first-of-its-kind study, we rely on upper echelons theory to explore the relationship between CEO personality and the kind of CPA in which a firm engages. In particular, we argue that certain traits will be related to ideological CPA (iCPA) that is less beneficial to the firm but which will appeal to CEOs with those traits. We also propose that managerial discretion will moderate the relationship between CEO personality and this form of opportunistic CPA. We test our hypotheses using a unique database combined with a variety of archival sources, resulting in a sample of 329 publicly traded firms from the S&P 500 for which we had complete records that engaged in CPA 63,142 times over a ten-year period (2011–2020). We find that CEO agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism will be negatively related to iCPA, while CEO openness will be positively associated with it. We further find that managerial discretion moderates the relationship of CEO extraversion and openness with iCPA, however in opposite directions. Finally, we discuss theoretical and managerial implications and propose directions for future research.
Linking datasets on organizations using half a billion open-collaborated records
Authors: Libgober Brian , Jerzak Connor T.
Published: October 2024

Scholars studying organizations often work with multiple datasets lacking shared identifiers or covariates. In such situations, researchers usually use approximate string (“fuzzy”) matching methods to combine datasets. String matching, although useful, faces fundamental challenges. Even where two strings appear similar to humans, fuzzy matching often struggles because it fails to adapt to the informativeness of the character combinations. In response, a number of machine learning methods have been developed to refine string matching. Yet, the effectiveness of these methods is limited by the size and diversity of training data. This paper introduces data from a prominent employment networking site (LinkedIn) as a massive training corpus to address these limitations. By leveraging information from the LinkedIn corpus regarding organizational name-to-name links, we incorporate trillions of name pair examples into various methods to enhance existing matching benchmarks and performance by explicitly maximizing match probabilities. We also show how relationships between organization names can be modeled using a network representation of the LinkedIn data. In illustrative merging tasks involving lobbying firms, we document improvements when using the LinkedIn corpus in matching calibration and make all data and methods open source.
Body composition estimation from mobile phone three-dimensional imaging: evaluation of the USA army one-site method
Authors: Florez Christine M. , Rodriguez Christian , Siedler Madelin R. , Tinoco Ethan , Tinsley Grant M.
Published: October 2024

Within the USA military, monitoring body composition is an essential component of predicting physical performance and establishing soldier readiness. The purpose of this study was to explore mobile phone three-dimensional optical imaging (3DO), a user-friendly technology capable of rapidly obtaining reliable anthropometric measurements and to determine the validity of the new Army one-site body fat equations using 3DO-derived abdominal circumference. Ninety-six participants (51 F, 45 M; age: 23·7 ± 6·5 years; BMI: 24·7 ± 4·1 kg/m2) were assessed using 3DO, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and a 4-compartment model (4C). The validity of the Army equations using 3DO abdominal circumference was compared with 4C and DXA estimates. Compared with the 4C model, the Army equation overestimated BF% and fat mass (FM) by 1·3 ± 4·8 % and 0·9 ± 3·4 kg, respectively, while fat-free mass (FFM) was underestimated by 0·9 ± 3·4 kg (P < 0·01 for each). Values from DXA and Army equation were similar for BF%, FM and FFM (constant errors between −0·1 and 0·1 units; P ≥ 0·82 for each). In both comparisons, notable proportional bias was observed with slope coefficients of −0·08 to −0·43. Additionally, limits of agreement were 9·5–10·2 % for BF% and 6·8–7·8 kg for FM and FFM. Overall, while group-level performance of the one-site Army equation was acceptable, it exhibited notable proportional bias when compared with laboratory criterion methods and wide limits of agreement, indicating potential concerns when applied to individuals. 3DO may provide opportunities for the development of more advanced, automated digital anthropometric body fat estimation in military settings.
Functional diversity in relation to the longitudinal gradient of a species-rich Neotropical river
Authors: López-Delgado Edwin O. , Villa-Navarro Francisco A. , Winemiller Kirk O.
Published: October 2024

A functional traits approach was adopted to examine patterns of fish diversity in relation to environmental and spatial variables and for comparison with findings from earlier analyses of fish taxonomic diversity in a nearly pristine river in the Llanos region of Colombia. Fishes were surveyed during the low-water period at 34 sites along the longitudinal fluvial gradient of the Bita River, a clearwater tributary of the Orinoco River. We compiled a matrix of 37 traits associated with locomotion, feeding, and defense for 132 species to compute functional β diversity metrics among four reaches along the entire longitudinal fluvial gradient and also within reaches. Functional redundancy (trait under-dispersion) was found to be common throughout the fluvial gradient. Functional β diversity was high at both spatial scales, with widespread evidence of functional nestedness and functional turnover, especially in upper reaches. In the Bita River, environmental filtering and stochastic processes, such as random dispersal, appear to be the dominant mechanisms influencing fish functional diversity. Inferences derived from analysis of functional versus taxonomic diversity are largely congruent, although analysis of functional β diversity found more evidence of nestedness than turnover at both spatial scales. Both lines of evidence stress the importance of habitat heterogeneity and aquatic habitat connectivity for conservation of high species diversity in this system.
The two faces of Franco-Sudanian Treaties: The peripheral practice of ratification as evidence of transregional international law in the nineteenth century
Authors: Fofana Idriss Paul-Armand
Published: October 2024

Legal scholars continue to revisit historical treaties between Western and non-Western nations to challenge long-standing accounts of non-Western peoples’ engagement with international law. Following this trend, new scholarship has stressed African agency in Euro-African treaty-making. However, legal scholars have generally overlooked African perspectives, pointing to a lack of sources. Focusing on nineteenth-century treaty-making between France and the polities of the Western Sudan in West Africa, this article excavates African perspectives through a novel reading of Euro-African treaties in an African context. This reading analyses treaties within the Western Sudan’s broader diplomatic corpus in both French and Arabic. By focusing on markers of translation, transcription, and negotiation left on different copies of treaties, this method brings to light arguments and practices that have been obscured in published European-language versions. Reading Franco-Sudanian treaties in a Sudanian context reveals that different norms governed the ratification of treaties in the Western Sudan and Europe. Treaties that scholars have long considered unratified were in fact ratified according to Western Sudanian norms, which designated the governor of French Senegal rather than the French president as the official competent to ratify treaties for France. However, when French officials sought to use treaties to claim sovereign rights in West Africa against Great Britain, they pressed the president to ratify them again. Presidential ratification thus served to transpose Franco-Sudanian treaties from an African to a Western normative order. Uncovering the African origins of Euro-African treaties thus reveals their differential operation across autonomous inter-polity orders.
Patterns of early childhood adversity and neighborhood deprivation predict unique challenges in adolescence: A UK birth cohort study
Authors: Zhang Zhenyu Z. , Bayly Benjamin L.
Published: October 2024

This study applies a comprehensive bioecological perspective to address a significant gap in the childhood adversity literature by employing latent profile analysis to examine the impact of diverse combinations of early childhood adversities and protective factors on adolescent psychosocial and behavioral outcomes. Drawing from the United Kingdom’s Millennium Cohort Study (N = 19,444), we identified eight unique profiles of early childhood adversity and protective factors. These profiles provide a nuanced understanding of adversity combinations and allow for differentiation between groups with similar profiles. Latent profile membership was a significant predictor of all adolescent outcome variables, indicating that profiles differed significantly from one another on psychosocial and behavioral outcomes (Wald values ranged from 10.10–623.22; p < .001). Some findings support the cumulative risk model, indicating that exposure to multiple early adversities increases the likelihood of adverse outcomes. However, we also found that specific adversities, such as parental psychopathology, parental alcohol use, and neighborhood deprivation, uniquely impact adolescent outcomes. This study highlights the necessity for tailored interventions and policies to support children with distinct early life experiences, emphasizing the importance of addressing both cumulative and specific adversities at multiple levels to prevent psychosocial and behavioral problems in adolescence.
Jovian encounter manifolds
Authors: Todorović Nataša , Knežević Nikola
Published: October 2024

Recent numerical studies have shown that the entire solar system is permeated with arch-like structures originating from all planets. Particles placed on such arches experience planetary close encounters after only one or few orbital revolutions. In this work, we are interested how thece arches, which we associate to encounter manifolds of Jupiter, appear in three dimensions for higher inclinations.

Our results show that about 0.5% of the observed domain [a, e, i] = [2 AU, 11.5 AU] × [0, 0.7] × [0°, 90°] is covered by the manifolds. For inclinations up to ∼5°, the arch-like structures are almost unchanged compared to those initially observed in the orbital plane of Jupiter. At higher inclinations, the number of encounter orbits rapidly decreases to narrow domains where the manifolds stretch up to inclinations of 90° (and above) in a very steep manner.
Chaotic diffusion in the GJ 876 exoplanetary system
Authors: Alves Silva Raphael , Beaugé Cristian , Ferraz-Mello Sylvio
Published: October 2024

This is a study about the dynamical stability of the GJ 876 exoplanetary system. The phase space of initial conditions (ICs) is characterized using the MEGNO indicator of chaos and the Shannon entropy approach for estimations of diffusivity. The results are compared to analyze correlations between the chaotic layers and the instability timescales. The long-term dynamical behavior of the system is reminiscent of the stable chaos, at least within the system’s lifetime.
New semi-analytical calculation of lunar, solar and planetary perturbations in motion of Earth satellites
Authors: Kudryavtsev Sergey M.
Published: October 2024

We suggest an advanced algorithm for semi-analytical calculation of orbital perturbations of Earth artificial satellites caused by the gravity attraction of the “3rd-bodies” (the Moon, the Sun, major planets). A new accurate analytical series for the relevant perturbation function is developed. It is obtained through a careful spectral analysis of the long-term DE406 planetary/lunar ephemerides and valid over 2000 years, 1000-3000. The series is used in the author’s semi-analytical model of satellite motion. The results of the motion prediction of several Earth satellites obtained by means of the semi-analytical model and a numerical integration method are compared.
Transversal Yarkovsky acceleration for Apophis through jet transport
Authors: Benet Luis , Pérez Hernández Jorge A.
Published: October 2024

In this contribution we describe the jet transport techniques that we used in Pérez-Hernández and Benet (2022) for the estimation of the Yarkovsky transversal acceleration for (99942) Apophis, which included optical and radar astrometry observations obtained during 2021 Apophis’ fly-by. Our numerical approach exploits automatic differentiation techniques which improve the orbital determination problem. We obtain a non-zero Yarkovsky parameter A2 = (−2.899±0.025) × 10−14 au d−2 which is consistent with other recent determinations of this parameter. Our results allow to constrain the collision probabilities for the close approaches in 2029, 2036 and 2068.
Comparison of Mars rotation angle models
Authors: Yseboodt Marie , Baland Rose-Marie , Le Maistre Sébastien
Published: October 2024

We compare published solutions for the rotation angle W(t) which describes the location of the prime meridian of Mars with respect to the ICRF equator in IAU recommendations. If the model for W includes a very long period term, we transform it into a quadratic polynomial with updated epoch value and rate, resulting in a difference in the mean epoch value up to 200 km. The mean and true epoch rotation angles are about 800 mas (13 m) apart in J2000 and should not be confused with each other in order to accurately locate the prime meridian. We identify two groups of radio-science solutions for W, which can be distinguished by the prime meridian location they used as a priori that differ from each other by about 100 m at J2000.
Long-term stability and dynamical spacing of compact planetary systems
Authors: Petit Antoine C.
Published: October 2024

Exoplanet detection surveys revealed the existence of numerous multi-planetary systems packed close to their stability limit. In this proceeding, we review the mechanism driving the instability of compact systems, originally published in (Petit et al. 2020). Compact systems dynamics are dominated by the interactions between resonances involving triplets of planets. The complex network of three-planet mean motion resonances drives a slow chaotic semi-major axes diffusion, leading to a fast and destructive scattering phase. This model reproduces quantitatively the instability timescale found numerically. We can observe signpost of this process on exoplanet systems architecture. The critical spacing ensuring stability scales as the planet-to star mass ratio to the power 1/4. It explains why the Hill radius is not an adapted measure of dynamical compactness of exoplanet systems, particularly for terrestrial planets. We also provide some insight on the theoretical tools developped in the original work and how they can be of interest in other problems.
Migration of giant planets in low viscosity discs and consequences on the Nice model
Authors: Griveaud P. , Crida A. , Lega E. , Petit A. C. , Morbidelli A.
Published: October 2024

Using 2D hydrodynamical simulations, we show that in a low viscosity protoplanetary disc, Jupiter and Saturn get locked in the 2:1 mean motion resonance and migrate slowly inwards, unlike cases at higher viscosities. We conclude that in such discs the scenario of the Grand-Tack is not possible. Additionally, we investigate how the migration of the four (potentially five) giant planets in low viscous discs may affect the initial conditions of another important model for the formation history of our Solar System: the Nice Model. Adding ice giants in our hydrodynamical simulations, we find different possible resonant chains induced by migration. We then let the disc evolve until the gas phase dissipates and study the dynamical stability of the system. We find it possible to recreate the Solar System from such resonant chains, however the likelihood of this outcome remains low.
Excitation of the obliquity of Earth-like planets via tidal forcing using the Andrade rheology
Authors: Valente Ema F. S. , Correia Alexandre C. M.
Published: October 2024

Close-in planets undergo strong tidal effects with their host stars that modify their spins and orbits. Adopting a Maxwell rheology, it has been shown that for the 5/2 and 7/2 spin-orbit resonances, the obliquity of these planets can stabilise at a high value. Here, we show that these high obliquity metastable states can also be observed for the same spin-orbit resonances considering the Andrade rheology.
Dynamics of Circumstellar Planets in Binary Star Systems
Authors: Lee Man Hoi , Wong Ka Ho , Cheng Ho Wan , Trifonov Trifon , Reffert Sabine , Quirrenbach Andreas
Published: October 2024

Circumstellar planets in binary star systems provide unique constraints on the formation and dynamical evolution of planets. We present an empirical formula for the stability boundary of coplanar retrograde orbits, similar to the classic one for coplanar prograde orbits. We discuss two of the tightest binaries with circumstellar planets: HD 59686 and ν Octantis. For HD 59686, dynamical fitting of the radial velocity data and stability analysis show that the planet must be either on a nearly coplanar retrograde orbit or in one of the narrow regions of prograde orbits stabilized by secular apsidal alignment. For ν Octantis, a nearly coplanar retrograde planetary orbit is the only option for dynamical stability. We also discuss the mysterious case of ε Cygni. It shows short-period radial velocity variations that closely resemble the signal of a Jupiter-mass planet, but the period and amplitude change over time and dynamical stability analysis rules out a planet.
Multi-planet systems explored: the case of the HD34445 system revisited
Authors: Georgakarakos Nikolaos , Dobbs-Dixon Ian
Published: October 2024

HD34445 is a system that consists of a star and six planets. In some previous work, we investigated the dynamical stability of the system by means of numerical simulations. Here, we explore the system further by carrying out additional numerical experiments. A total of 100000 simulations confirm previous findings of the stability status of the system at the 1σ and 99% c.i. level. We find that only 2.7% of the systems with parameters varied within 1σ from the mean were unstable, while that percentage rose to about 28% for systems with parameter values taken within the 99% c.i. These preliminary results are presented and discussed herein.
Hazardous Asteroids and Space Situational Awareness — Do Look UP !
Authors: Hestroffer Daniel
Published: October 2024

We present in the following the introductory talk on “Hazardous asteroids and the Hera mission”, made during the round table on Space Awareness. It reminds the context of our awareness for near-Earth objects, the characterisation of risk, current international surveillance programmes, and mitigation measures in particular with space missions, and last, a rendez-vous with Apophis to note in your agenda for 2029.
Systematic Review of Environmental Activism
Authors: Leroy Alexis , Bertoldo Raquel , Fointiat Valérie
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Despite a need for societal change to resolve environmental problems, social psychology has largely focused research on individual changes. At the same time, new climate movements recently emerged and social psychology has theoretical tools to study their societal impacts. In this review, we study how social psychology has approached environmental activism. We performed a search in the literature on different databases and 56 articles were finally included and analyzed with theoretical tools: levels of explanation ( Doise, 1982 ) and social influence models ( Moscovici, 1976b ). Results indicate that articles concerning environmental activism mainly focus their research on understanding the predictors of individual involvement in activism. On the other hand, few articles have dealt with the societal impacts of environmental activism. We discuss these results by questioning the paradigm and dominant approaches that lead to this individualization of environmental activism, and we propose other approaches to study environmental change.
Global barriers to decision makers for prioritizing interventions for obesity
Authors: Ehlers Lars Holger , Reinstrup Nicoline Weinreich , Olesen Renée Hangaard , Holm Jens-Christian , McEwan Phil , Le Roux Carel W.
Published: October 2024

The treatment of obesity remains underprioritized. New pharmacologic options for the treatment of obesity have shown effectiveness and safety but are not widely reimbursed. Despite the unmet need and the existence of effective prevention and treatment strategies, substantial barriers exist to effectively address obesity as a disease. The purpose of this scoping review was to investigate the barriers for decision makers in prioritizing interventions for obesity and to seek out interconnection between barriers to prevention and treatment. A scoping review was conducted using a systematic search of both scientific databases and Health Technology Assessment (HTA) databases. Studies that addressed barriers to reimbursement or prioritization of obesity treatment and prevention were included. A total of 26 articles and 14 HTAs were included. Four main barriers for decision makers to prioritize new interventions for obesity were identified: perceptions, knowledge, economics, and politics. There was a high degree of interconnectedness among barriers, as well as large overlaps between barriers in relation to bariatric surgery, pharmacologic treatments, and prevention regulation. Multiple barriers exist that impact decision makers in prioritizing interventions for treating obesity. A strong interconnectedness of the barriers was found, indicating a systems approach to improve global prioritization to address the disease. This study suggests that decision makers should carefully consider all main barriers when addressing the obesity epidemic.