bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ESTIMASI PARAMETER DARI DISTRIBUSI WEIBULL BERDASARKAN SAMPEL TERSENSOR TIPE II DAN TIPE I
Authors: Desriana Christina , Somayasa Wayan , Ruslan Ruslan , Kabil Djafar Muhammad , Budiman Herdi , Sahapati Rahmalia
Published: April 2023

Analisis uji hidup merupakan salah satu kumpulan dari prosedur statistika untuk analisis data  dimana variabelnya adalah waktu sampai terjadinya kejadian. Data uji hidup dapat berupa data lengkap ataupun data hasil penyensoran. Penyensoran data pada penelitian ini adalah penyensoran tipe II dan tipe I. Ada berbagai keluarga parametrik dari model yang digunakan dalam analisis data uji hidup, diantaranya adalah model distribusi Weibull dan distribusi Nilai Ekstrim. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan estimasi parameter dari distribusi Weibull berdasarkan sampel tersensor tipe II dan tipe I dengan melakukan transformasi varibel distribusi Weibull menjadi variabel distribusi Nilai Ekstrim. Berdasarkan transformasi tersebut, maka akan dilakukan estimasi parameter distribusi Nilai Ekstrim dengan  metode maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) dan didapatkan penyelesaian yang nonlinier, sehingga prosedur dilanjutkan dengan metode Newton-Rapshon untuk memperoleh penyelesaiannya. Hasil estimasi parameter Nilai Ekstrim yang diperoleh nantinya akan ditransformasi kembali menjadi parameter distribusi Weibull.
PERBANDINGAN PEMBENTUKAN PORTOFOLIO OPTIMAL MODEL MARKOWITZ DAN MODEL INDEKS TUNGGAL (SINGLE INDEX MODEL) PADA SAHAM INDEKS IDX30
Authors: Rusmiati Dian , Saidi La Ode , Budiman Herdi , Jufra Jufra , Aswani Aswani
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan hasil pembentukan portofolio optimal menggunakan model Markowitz dan model indeks tunggal dengan membandingkan kinerja portofolio yang dihasilkan. Objek penelitian ini adalah seluruh saham perusahaan yang masuk dalam IDX30 periode Agustus 2019-Januari 2021 yaitu sebanyak 23 saham.Peneliti tertarik mengambil penelitian ini karena ingin mengembangkan kembali penelitian sebelumnnya dimana penelitian ini menggunakan dua model yang berbeda. Selain itu, terdapat permasalahan yang harus diselesaikan misalnya investor kesulitan dalam memilih saham untuk dibentuk portofolio yang nantinya akan dilakukan investasi serta banyaknya investor yang mengalami kegagalan dalam berinvestasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dengan menggunakan model Markowitz terdapat 6 saham yang termasuk dalam portofolio optimal, yaitu BBCA, CPIN, ERAA, KLBF, PTBA, dan UNTR dengan kinerja portofolio sebesar . Sedangkan model Indeks Tunggal terdapat 3 saham yang masuk dalam portofolio optimal yaitu saham ANTM, ERAA, dan INKP dengan kinerja portofolio sebesar . Dengan menggunakan model indeks tunggal, nilai dari kinerja portofolio lebih unggul dibandingkan dengan model Markowitz. Sehingga, model indeks tunggal adalah model terbaik dibandingkan model Markowitz.
METODE RANTAI MARKOV UNTUK MEMPREDIKSI PERKEMBANGAN PRODUKSI DAN KONSUMSI BERAS DI SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Fitriani Nanda , Mukhtar Norma , Arman Arman , Laome Lilis
Published: April 2023

Tingginya konsumsi beras di Indonesia, termasuk Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara, menjadikan beras sebagai komoditas yang memiliki peran dan pengaruh yang besar dalam ketehanan pangan, ekonomi, dan stabilitas politik nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi pertumbuhan produksi dan konsumsi beras di Sulawesi Tenggara di masa mendatang dengan menggunakan Model Rantai Markov. Data produksi dan konsumsi beras dari tahun 1996 hingga tahun 2020 yang bersumber dari BPS diklasifikasikan menjadi empat keadaan (state) yaitu naik drastis, naik, turun, dan turun drastis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada keadaan setimbang peluang produksi beras berada pada kondisi naik drastis, naik, turun, dan turun drastis secara berturut-turut  yaitu , , , dan . Sedangkan untuk peluang konsumsi beras berada pada kondisi naik drastis, naik, turun, dan turun drastis secara berturut-turut yaitu , , , dan .Sehingga dapat dilihat bahwa peluang terbesar produksi dan konsumsi beras di masa mendatang akan berada pada kondisi naik, dengan besar  kemungkinan terjadinya kenaikan produksi beras lebih dari  hingga  ribu ton adalah , dan kemungkinan terjadinya kenaikan konsumsi beras lebih dari  hingga  ribu ton sebesar .
PEMANFAATAN PUSAT DAN BASIS GRAF DALAM MENGOPTIMALKAN PEMASANGAN SENSOR KEBAKARAN
Authors: Wa Ode Masitaroh Saleha  , Hasmawati  , Zakir Muhammad
Published: April 2023

Kebakaran dapat terjadi dimana saja, baik itu di perumahan, gedung perkantoran atau di tempat umum. Keterlambatan informasi yang diperoleh petugas pemadam kebakaran atau pemilik rumah menjadi salah satu penyebab parahnya kebakaran, sehingga perlu adanya alat atau metode yang dapat memberi informasi yang cepat dan akurat. Salah satu alat yang dapat memberi informasi dengan cepat dan akurat tentang kebakaran adalah sensor kebakaran. Sensor kebakaran secara simultan menerima sinyal dan mengirimkan sinyal yang dapat mendeteksi lokasi kebakaran dengan tepat serta memberikan peringatan tentang kemungkinan terjadinya kebakaran di suatu area tertentu. Namun, dalam banyak kasus, penentuan jumlah dan letak pemasangan sensor kebakaran masih kurang optimal. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut digunakan pendekatan graf dengan pemanfaatan pusat dan basis graf sebagai solusi dari permasalahan optimasi jumlah dan letak pemasangan sensor kebakaran. Studi kasus untuk penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota Baubau yang memiliki 43 kelurahan. Berdasarkan analisis, hanya empat kelurahan saja yakni, Kelurahan Kampoenaho, Kelurahan Kadolo, Kelurahan Kaobula dan Kelurahan Lipu yang harus dipasang sensor kebakaran di Kota Baubau.
Knowledge mapping and visualization analysis of pelvic organ prolapse repair with mesh from 2001 to 2021
Authors: Zhou Quan , Lu Man , Li Guo-Sheng , Peng Gan-Lu , Song Yan-Feng
Published: April 2023

Aims: In recent decades, extensive attention has been paid to the application of mesh to repair pelvic floor defects. However, a large body of related literature has not been system summarized. The purpose of this study is to summarize and visualize the literature on pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repair with mesh using bibliometrics.

Methods: Medical literature regarding POP repair with mesh were searched and obtained in the Web of Science™ Core (WoSCC) database from 2001 to 2021. Microsoft Excel 2020, CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to conduct the bibliometric and knowledge-map analysis.

Results: In the past 20 years, a total of 2,550 articles and reviews have been published in 35 journals, and the published and cited results show a growing trend. Cosson M and International Urogynecology Journal were the authors and journals with the highest output, respectively. The United States, France and the United Kingdom are among the top three countries/organizations in relevant publications in worldwide. 584 key words in the literature are divided into 8 clusters, which are mainly related to prolapse type, risk factors, surgical methods, imaging, quality of life and bioengineering. Using clinical research and tissue engineering technology to reduce mesh complications is the current hot spot in this field.

Conclusion: Reasonable application of mesh and avoiding mesh complications are still the most concerned topics in POP research. Although clinical research, surgical improvement, biological mesh and bioengineering technology have shown promising results, it is still urgent to carry out clinical transformation application research.
Virtual hospital-level care—feasibility, acceptability, safety and impact of a pilot Hospital-In-The-Home model for COVID-19 infection
Authors: Lawrence J. , Truong D. , Dao A. , Bryant P. A.
Published: April 2023

Background

Hospital-in-the-Home (HITH) delivers hospital level care to patients in the comfort of their own home. Traditionally HITH involves clinicians travelling to patients' homes. We designed and implemented a virtual model of care leveraging a combination of virtual health modalities for children with COVID-19 in response to rising patient numbers, infection risk and pressures on protective equipment. In contrast to other models for COVID-19 infection in Australia at the time, our HITH service catered only for children who were unwell enough to meet criteria for hospitalisation (ie bed-replacement).

Aims

To measure the feasibility, acceptability, safety and impact of a virtual model of care for managing children with COVID-19 infection requiring hospital-level care.

Methods

Retrospective study of a new virtual model of care for all children admitted to the Royal Children's HITH service with COVID-19 infection between 7th October 2021 and 28th April 2022. The model consisted of at least daily video consultations, remote oximetry, symptom tracking, portal messaging and 24 h phone and video support. Patients were eligible if they met a certain level of severity (work of breathing, dehydration, lower oxygen saturations) without requiring intravenous fluids, oxygen support or intensive care. Online surveys were distributed to staff and consumers who experienced the model of care.

Results

331 patients were managed through the virtual HITH program with a mean length of stay of 3.5 days. Of these, 331 (100%) engaged in video consultations, 192 (58%) engaged in the patient portal and completed the symptom tracker a total of 634 times and communicated via a total of 783 messages. Consumer satisfaction (n = 31) was high (4.7/5) with the most useful aspect of the model rated as video consultation. Clinician satisfaction (n = 9) was also high with a net promoter score of 8.9. There were no adverse events at home. Eight children (2.4%) represented to hospital, 7 (2.1%) of whom were readmitted. The impact is represented by a total of 1,312 hospital bed-days saved in the seven-month period (2,249 bed-days per year). In addition, 1,480 home visits (travel time/ protective equipment/ infection risk) were avoided.

Conclusion

A virtual HITH program for COVID-19 in children is feasible, acceptable and safe and has a substantial impact on bed-days saved and nursing travel time. The implications for management of other acute respiratory viral illnesses that contribute to hospital bed pressure during winter months is immense. Virtual HITH is likely to be a key enabler of a sustainable healthcare system.
Public-private partnership as a mechanism of education management in the structure of the social and investment model of economic growth
Authors: Dzhikiya Meri K. , Karp Marina V. , Bart Tatyana V. , Kukushkin Sergey N.
Published: April 2023

The goal of this research was to find the influence of each mechanism of financial management of education—in the structure of the social and investment model of economic growth—on the results in the sphere of its development: quality, quantitative accessibility, and development of digital skills with students. The study’s methodological approach involved the economic and mathematical modelling of (with the help of regression analysis) of the contribution of alternative investment mechanisms to the development of digital skills of the economically active population. We compared the contribution of isolated public and private investments to public-private partnership and proved its preference. We determined the place of the mechanism of education management based on public-private partnership in the structure of the social and investment model of economic growth. It was determined that the only manifestation of higher education’s development, which largely depends on financial support, is digital skills among the active population. The connection between digital skills among the active population and investments in higher education by the terms of public-private partnership is clear (regression—0.47 points). An increase in the share of public-private partnership in the structure of financing of the development of higher education by up to 90% allows increasing digital skills among the active population from 61.49 points to 94.54 points—i.e., by 53.75%. Therefore, practical implementation of the social and investment model of economic growth should envisage financing of the development of higher education based on the mechanism of public-private partnership. It was proved that public-private partnership is a perspective mechanism of education management, which has an important role in the structure of the social and investment model of economic growth.
Novel prognostic features and personalized treatment strategies for mitochondria-related genes in glioma patients
Authors: Wu Ji , Zhou Jiabin , Chai Yibo , Qin Chengjian , Cai Yuankun , Xu Dongyuan , Lei Yu , Mei Zhimin , Li Muhua , Shen Lei , Fang Guoxing , Yang Zhaojian , Cai Songshan , Xiong Nanxiang
Published: April 2023

Background

Gliomas are the most common intracranial nervous system tumours that are highly malignant and aggressive, and mitochondria are an important marker of metabolic reprogramming of tumour cells, the prognosis of which cannot be accurately predicted by current histopathology. Therefore, Identify a mitochondrial gene with immune-related features that could be used to predict the prognosis of glioma patients.

Methods

Gliomas data were downloaded from the TCGA database and mitochondrial-associated genes were obtained from the MITOCARTA 3.0 dataset. The CGGA, kamoun and gravendeel databases were used as external datasets. LASSO(Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) regression was applied to identify prognostic features, and area and nomograms under the ROC(Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve were used to assess the robustness of the model. Single sample genomic enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was employed to explore the relationship between model genes and immune infiltration, and drug sensitivity was used to identify targeting drugs. Cellular studies were then performed to demonstrate drug killing against tumours.

Results

COX assembly mitochondrial protein homolog (CMC1), Cytochrome c oxidase protein 20 homolog (COX20) and Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 (UQCRB) were identified as prognostic key genes in glioma, with UQCRB, CMC1 progressively increasing and COX20 progressively decreasing with decreasing risk scores. ROC curve analysis of the TCGA training set model yielded AUC (Area Under The Curve) values >0.8 for 1-, 2- and 3-year survival, and the model was associated with both CD8+ T cells and immune checkpoints. Finally, using cellMiner database and molecular docking, it was confirmed that UQCRB binds covalently to Amonafide via lysine at position 78 and threonine at position 82, while cellular assays showed that Amonafide inhibits glioma migration and invasion.

Conclusion

Our three mitochondrial genomic composition-related features accurately predict Survival in glioma patients, and we also provide glioma chemotherapeutic agents that may be mitochondria-related targets.
The genetic basis of adaptation to copper pollution in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Everman Elizabeth R. , Macdonald Stuart J. , Kelly John K.
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Heavy metal pollutants can have long lasting negative impacts on ecosystem health and can shape the evolution of species. The persistent and ubiquitous nature of heavy metal pollution provides an opportunity to characterize the genetic mechanisms that contribute to metal resistance in natural populations.

Methods: We examined variation in resistance to copper, a common heavy metal contaminant, using wild collections of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. Flies were collected from multiple sites that varied in copper contamination risk. We characterized phenotypic variation in copper resistance within and among populations using bulked segregant analysis to identify regions of the genome that contribute to copper resistance.

Results and Discussion: Copper resistance varied among wild populations with a clear correspondence between resistance level and historical exposure to copper. We identified 288 SNPs distributed across the genome associated with copper resistance. Many SNPs had population-specific effects, but some had consistent effects on copper resistance in all populations. Significant SNPs map to several novel candidate genes involved in refolding disrupted proteins, energy production, and mitochondrial function. We also identified one SNP with consistent effects on copper resistance in all populations near CG11825, a gene involved in copper homeostasis and copper resistance. We compared the genetic signatures of copper resistance in the wild-derived populations to genetic control of copper resistance in the Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource (DSPR) and the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP), two copper-naïve laboratory populations. In addition to CG11825, which was identified as a candidate gene in the wild-derived populations and previously in the DSPR, there was modest overlap of copper-associated SNPs between the wild-derived populations and laboratory populations. Thirty-one SNPs associated with copper resistance in wild-derived populations fell within regions of the genome that were associated with copper resistance in the DSPR in a prior study. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the genetic control of copper resistance is highly polygenic, and that several loci can be clearly linked to genes involved in heavy metal toxicity response. The mixture of parallel and population-specific SNPs points to a complex interplay between genetic background and the selection regime that modifies the effects of genetic variation on copper resistance.
Herbivory by Atta vollenweideri: Reviewing the significance of grass-cutting ants as a pest of livestock
Authors: Sabattini Julian , Bollazzi Martin
Published: April 2023

The grass-cutting ant Atta vollenweideri is well suited for studies examining the negative effect leaf-cutting ants have on livestock production in South American grasslands because they forage on the same plants as cattle. This study investigated the impact of A. vollenweideri on livestock production in Argentinean rangelands. First, we assessed A. vollenweideri herbivory rates and its economic injury level (EIL). Second, using satellite imagery in a region covering 15,000 ha, we estimated the percentage of this area that surpassed the calculated EIL. Results showed that A. vollenweideri consumed approximately 276 kg of dry plant weight/ha/year, foraging mostly on grasses (70%). Additionally, ants cut 25% of herbs and 5% of trees. In summer and autumn, ants consumed more grasses, while in winter and spring, herbs and trees were also significantly cut. Ants consumed 7% of the forage demand needed to raise a calf according to the management regime applied by farmers. Our calculated EIL (5.85 nests/ha) falls in the range of previous studies. Colonies were absent in 93.6% of the surveyed area, while their density was below the EIL in 6.2% of the area. A. vollenweideri populations surpassed the EIL in only 0.2% of the area, which corresponds to 2.6% of the locations holding colonies. These results question the perception that Atta leaf-cutting ants are a pest of livestock production. Although ants consume a small percentage of cattle’s forage demand, evidence that ants and cattle are competing in the few cases in which density surpasses the EIL is arguable. First, grass-cutting ants are capable of consuming herbs and trees in addition to the grasses on which cattle mostly feed. Second, there is no evidence indicating that both are cutting the same plant portions when preferences overlap. Third, evidence suggests that ants are not displaced under high-pressure grazing regimes by cattle. In the countries where A. vollenweideri is present, decision makers have promulgated several acts making its control mandatory. It is time to revisit the pest status of A. vollenweideri and include the use of EIL as a control criterion.
Bioinspired acoustic metamaterials: From natural designs to optimized structures
Authors: Dal Poggetto Vinícius F.
Published: April 2023

Artificial structures known as phononic crystals and acoustic metamaterials can be designed by spatially arranging one or more materials to obtain desired wave manipulation characteristics. The combination of various materials in complex composites is also a common feature of biological systems, which have been shaped in the course of evolution to achieve excellent properties in various requisites, both static and dynamic, thus suggesting that bioinspired concepts may present useful opportunities to design artificial systems with superior dynamic properties. In this work, a set of biological systems (nacre composites, spider webs, fractals, cochlear structures, and moth wings) and corresponding bioinspired metamaterials are presented, highlighting their main features and applications. Although the literature on some systems is vast (e.g., fractals), spanning multiple length scales for both structural and acoustic applications, much work remains to be explored concerning other biological structures (e.g., moth wings). Especially, bioinspired systems achieved by considering diverse objectives seem to be a promising yet relatively unexplored field of research.
Prognostic significance of inflammation-related and electrolyte laboratory variables in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Li Jie , Zhang Shu
Published: April 2023

Objective

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a kind of pleural cancer characterized by low incidence but high invasiveness. There is heterogeneity in survival among patients with MPM. Inflammation-related and electrolyte laboratory variables were previously reported as potential predictors of survival. We evaluated the relationship between overall survival and pre-treatment biomarkers.

Materials and methods

Patients diagnosed with MPM in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital for more than 10 years were screened for this study. All basic, clinical, radiologic and laboratory variables were collected. The COX univariable and multivariable analysis were used to explore prognostic related risk factors.

Results

Ninety patients with MPM were included. The median follow-up of all patients was 57 months [interquartile range (IQR): 27–100 months]. The median survival time was 24 months (IQR: 12–52 months). Univariate survival analyses indicated that age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status, treatment, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, calcium, lymphocyte, hemoglobin, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte-to-white blood cell ratio (MWR) were significantly related to survival. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that age [hazard ratio (HR), 2.548; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.145–5.666; p = 0.022], calcium (HR, 0.480; 95% CI 0.270–0.855; p = 0.013), PLR (HR, 2.152; 95% CI 1.163–3.981; p = 0.015), and MWR (HR, 3.360; 95% CI 1.830–6.170; p < 0.001) might have a significant impact on the prognosis.

Conclusion

Calcium, MWR, and PLR might be related to the prognosis of MPM patients. Analyzing the relationship between the results of inflammation-related and electrolyte laboratory variables in peripheral blood and prognosis could help clinicians evaluate the situation of patients.
Gerhardtia tomentosa and Ossicaulis borealis (Agaricales, Lyophyllaceae)—Two new species from northeast China
Authors: Qi Yue , Xu Fei , Yang Zhao-Qian , Hou Jian-Xuan , Xu Ai-Guo , Guo Hong-Bo , Yu Xiao-Dan , Yang Rui-Heng
Published: April 2023

Background

Gerhardtia and Ossicaulis are two genera within the family Lyophyllaceae, which show an apparently poor species diversity worldwide. During the field investigation on wild macrofungi, six interesting collections within Gerhardtia and Ossicaulis genera are discovered in the northeastern China.

Methods

To identify whether these collections of Gerhardtia and Ossicaulis are novel species, we performed phylogenetic analyzes using the following DNA regions: the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA (nrLSU) region. Moreover, a traditional morphological method also be conducted based on both the macro-morphological and micro-morphological features.

Results

The results indicated that these collections tested formed two independent lineages in each genus with a high support. In addition, they can easily be separated from all other taxa of the two genera in morphology. Based on the combination of morphological and molecular data, Gerhardtia tomentosa and Ossicaulis borealis, are confirmed as two new species to science.

Discussions

This study provided a theoretical basis is for the two lyophylloid genera and indicated that the biodiversity resources of northeastern China might be underestimated.
Microbial gradual shifts during the process of species replacement in Taihang Mountain
Authors: Liu Xiuping , Zhou Wangming , Wang Xinzhen , Wu Hongliang , Dong Wenxu
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Understanding microbial gradual shifts along species replacement can help elucidate the mechanisms driving secondary succession, and predict microbial responses to changing environments. However, how climate-induced species replacement alters microbial processes, and whether microbial shifts follow predictable assembly trajectories remain unclear.

Methods

Using space-for-time substitution approach, we studied shifts in bacterial and fungal communities in the succession fromLeptodermis oblongatoVitex negundovar.heterophyllashrubland in Taihang Mountain.

Results and Discussion

Species replacement, induced by climate related environmental change, significantly increased the above-ground biomass of shrublands, and TP and TK contents in topsoil. The succession fromL.oblongatoV.negundovar.heterophyllacommunities resulted in the gradually replacement of cold-tolerant microbes with warm-affinity ones, and alterations of microbial communities involved in soil biogeochemical processes. Soil and plant variables, such as above-ground biomass, soil pH, total phosphorus, and total potassium, well explained the variations in microbial communities, indicating that the coordinated changes in plant communities and soil properties during secondary succession caused accompanied shifts in microbial diversity and composition.
Collagen XIX is required for pheromone recognition and glutamatergic synapse formation in mouse accessory olfactory bulb
Authors: Amos Chase , Fox Michael A. , Su Jianmin
Published: April 2023

In mammals, the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) receives input from vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSN) which detect pheromones, chemical cues released by animals to regulate the physiology or behaviors of other animals of the same species. Cytoarchitecturally, cells within the AOB are segregated into a glomerular layer (GL), mitral cell layer (MCL), and granule cell layer (GCL). While the cells and circuitry of these layers has been well studied, the molecular mechanism underlying the assembly of such circuitry in the mouse AOB remains unclear. With the goal of identifying synaptogenic mechanisms in AOB, our attention was drawn to Collagen XIX, a non-fibrillar collagen generated by neurons in the mammalian telencephalon that has previously been shown to regulate the assembly of synapses. Here, we used both a targeted mouse mutant that lacks Collagen XIX globally and a conditional allele allowing for cell-specific deletion of this collagen to test if the loss of Collagen XIX causes impaired synaptogenesis in the mouse AOB. These analyses not only revealed defects in excitatory synapse distribution in these Collagen XIX-deficient mutants, but also showed that these mutant mice exhibit altered behavioral responses to pheromones. Although this collagen has been demonstrated to play synaptogenic roles in the telencephalon, those roles are at perisomatic inhibitory synapses, results here are the first to demonstrate the function of this unconventional collagen in glutamatergic synapse formation.
Potential benefits of vitamin D for sepsis prophylaxis in critical ill patients
Authors: Guan Jianbin , Shichen Maoyou , Liang Zhihui , Yu Shuang , Zhao Min , Zhang Lu , Lv Ronggui , Liu Yong , Chang Ping , Liu Zhanguo
Published: April 2023

Background

Vitamin D deficiency is common in critically ill patients with suspected infection and is strongly associated with the predisposition of sepsis and a poor prognosis. The effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation for preventing sepsis remains unclear. This retrospective cohort study investigated the effect of vitamin D supplementation on sepsis prophylaxis in critically ill patients with suspected infection.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 19,816 adult patients with suspected infection in intensive care units (ICU) from 2008 to 2019 at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA. The included patients were divided into the vitamin D cohort or non-vitamin D cohort according to vitamin D administration status. The primary outcomes were the incidence of sepsis in ICU. The secondary outcomes included 28-day all-cause mortality, length of ICU and hospital stay and the requirements of vasopressors or mechanical ventilation. A propensity score matching cohort was used to test the differences in primary and secondary outcomes between groups.

Results

The results showed that vitamin D supplementation demonstrated a lower risk of sepsis (odd ratio 0.46; 95% CI 0.35–0.60; P < 0.001) and a lower risk of new mechanical ventilation requirement (odd ratio 0.70; 95% CI 0.53-0.92; P = 0.01), but no significant difference in the risk of 28-day mortality was observed (hazard ratio 1.02; 95% CI 0.77–1.35; P = 0.89). In the sensitive analysis, among the patients who suspected infection within 24 h before or after ICU admission, a lower risk of sepsis and a lower percentage of new mechanical ventilation also were detected in the vitamin D cohort.

Conclusion

Vitamin D supplementation may have a positively prophylactic effect on sepsis in critically ill patients with suspected infection.
Dose optimization strategy of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib for chronic myeloid leukemia: From clinical trials to real-life settings
Authors: Cheng Fang , Li Qiang , Cui Zheng , Hong Mei , Li Weiming , Zhang Yu
Published: April 2023

With the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), the treatment prospects of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) have changed markedly. This innovation can lengthen the long-term survival of patients suffering from CML. However, long-term exposure to TKIs is accompanied by various adverse events (AEs). The latter affect the quality of life and compliance of patients with CML, and may lead to serious disease progression (and even death). Recently, increasing numbers of patients with CML have begun to pursue a dose optimization strategy. Dose optimization may be considered at all stages of the entire treatment, which includes dose reduction and discontinuation of TKIs therapy. In general, reduction of the TKI dose is considered to be an important measure to reduce AEs and improve quality of life on the premise of maintaining molecular responses. Furthermore, discontinuation of TKIs therapy has been demonstrated to be feasible and safe for about half of patients with a stable optimal response and a longer duration of TKI treatment. This review focuses mainly on the latest research of dose optimization of imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib in CML clinical trials and real-life settings. We consider dose reduction in newly diagnosed patients, or in optimal response, or for improving AEs, either as a prelude to treatment-free remission (TFR) or as maintenance therapy in those patients unable to discontinue TKIs therapy. In addition, we also focus on discontinuation of TKIs therapy and second attempts to achieve TFR.
Evaluating preclinical evidence for clinical translation in childhood brain tumours: Guidelines from the CONNECT, PNOC, and ITCC brain networks
Authors: Jones Chris , Straathof Karin , Fouladi Maryam , Hargrave Darren , Prados Michael , Resnick Adam , Doz Francois , Jones David T.W. , Mueller Sabine
Published: April 2023

Clinical outcomes for many childhood brain tumours remain poor, despite our increasing understanding of the underlying disease biology. Advances in molecular diagnostics have refined our ability to classify tumour types and subtypes, and efforts are underway across multiple international paediatric neuro-oncology consortia to take novel biological insights in the worst prognosis entities into innovative clinical trials. Whilst for the first time we are designing such studies on the basis of disease-specific biological data, the levels of preclincial evidence in appropriate model systems on which these trials are initiated is still widely variable. We have considered these issues between CONNECT, PNOC and ITCC-Brain, and developed a framework in which we can assess novel concepts being brought forward for possible clinical translation. Whilst not intended to be proscriptive for every possible circumstance, these criteria provide a basis for self-assessment of evidence by laboratory scientists, and a platform for discussion and rational decision-making prior to moving forward clinically.
Identification and verification of prognostic cancer subtype based on multi-omics analysis for kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Baodong , Li Mei , Li Rongshan
Published: April 2023

Background

Identifying Kidney Renal Papillary Cell Carcinoma (KIRP) patients with high-risk, guiding individualized diagnosis and treatment of patients, and identifying effective prognostic targets are urgent problems to be solved in current research on KIRP.

Methods

In this study, data of multi omics for patients with KIRP were collected from TCGA database, including mRNAs, lncRNAs, miRNAs, data of methylation, and data of gene mutations. Data of multi-omics related to prognosis of patients with KIRP were selected for each omics level. Further, multi omics data related to prognosis were integrated into cluster analysis based on ten clustering algorithms using MOVICS package. The multi omics-based cancer subtype (MOCS) were compared on biological characteristics, immune microenvironmental cell abundance, immune checkpoint, genomic mutation, drug sensitivity using R packages, including GSVA, clusterProfiler, TIMER, CIBERSORT, CIBERSORT-ABS, quanTIseq, MCPcounter, xCell, EPIC, GISTIC, and pRRophetic algorithms.

Results

The top ten OS-related factors for KIRP patients were annotated. Patients with KIRP were divided into MOCS1, MOCS2, and MOCS3. Patients in the MOCS3 subtype were observed with shorter overall survival time than patients in the MOCS1 and MOCS2 subtypes. MOCS1 was negatively correlated with immune-related pathways, and we found global dysfunction of cancer-related pathways among the three MOCS subtypes. We evaluated the activity profiles of regulons among the three MOCSs. Most of the metabolism-related pathways were activated in MOCS2. Several immune microenvironmental cells were highly infiltrated in specific MOCS subtype. MOCS3 showed a significantly lower tumor mutation burden. The CNV occurrence frequency was higher in MOCS1. As for treatment, we found that these MOCSs were sensitive to different drugs and treatments. We also analyzed single-cell data for KIRP.

Conclusion

Based on a variety of algorithms, this study determined the risk classifier based on multi-omics data, which could guide the risk stratification and medication selection of patients with KIRP.
Delivery of an at-home transcranial direct current stimulation intervention to mitigate pain in patients with end-stage kidney disease receiving hemodialysis (ESKD/HD)
Authors: Van Zyl Jordan , Knotkova Helena , Kim Patricia , Henderson Charles R. , Portenoy Russell K. , Berman Nathaniel , Frederic Melissa W. , Reid M. Carrington
Published: April 2023

Background

Poorly controlled pain remains a problem for many patients with end-stage kidney disease requiring hemodialysis (ESKD/HD) and customary approaches to pain management (e.g., opioids, non-steroidals) confer substantial risk. Accordingly, non-pharmacologic therapies are needed for use in this population. Non-invasive transcranial Direct Current Simulation (tDCS) constitutes a promising nonpharmacologic method for pain management in affected individuals.

Aims

This study seeks to: 1) determine the effects of an 8-week course of at-home tDCS vs. sham tDCS on pain intensity, pain interference, medication usage, quality of life, and mood; 2) determine if tDCS effects vary by race/ethnicity; and 3) ascertain patient satisfaction with device use.

Methods

This double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial will enroll 100 ESKD/HD patients with moderate-to-severe (≥4 on 0–10 scale) chronic pain. The active study intervention consists of 20 min of tDCS delivered over the primary motor cortex 5 days/week for 8 weeks. The comparator is a sham procedure that provides no effective stimulation. The primary outcome analysis will evaluate efficacy of tDCS for pain reduction after two months of stimulation. We will also assess the effects of treatment on analgesic consumption, pain interference, depressed mood, and quality of life. The statistical plan will include fixed classification factors for treatment (vs. sham), clinic sites, and assessment time, and the interaction of these factors adjusting for covariates (e.g., race/ethnicity, pain level).

Conclusion

At-home tDCS constitutes a promising nonpharmacologic treatment for pain mitigation in persons with ESKD/HD. This unique RCT could transform the way pain is managed in this vulnerable population.

Trial Registration

NCT05311956.
Naoxin’an capsules protect brain function and structure in patients with vascular cognitive impairment
Authors: Lu Hui , Dang Mingxi , Chen Kewei , Shang Huajie , Wang Bolong , Zhao Shaokun , Li Xin , Zhang Zhanjun , Zhang Junying , Chen Yaojing
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is one of the most common types of dementia. Naoxin'an capsule (NXA), a traditional Chinese medicine compound, has been used to treat VCI for a long time in the clinic. Previous studies proved that the NXA capsules could ameliorate the cerebral mitochondrion deficits of VCI animals. This study aimed to investigate the protectiveness of NXA on human brain structure and function in patients with VCI.

Methods: In total, 100 VCI patients were enrolled in this 24-week trial and randomly divided into the NXA capsules group (n = 50) and the ginkgo biloba capsules control group (n = 50). Before and after the treatment, cognitive behavior tests and multimodal brain magnetic resonance imaging were analyzed to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of NXA treatment on VCI patients after 24 weeks.

Results: We found that the NXA group significantly improved overall cognitive ability (Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive section, p = 0.001; Mini-Mental Status Examination, p = 0.003), memory (Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test, p < 0.001) and executive function (Trail Making Test-A, p = 0.024) performance after treatment compared with the control group. For brain function, the degree of centrality in the left middle frontal gyrus, right postcentral gyrus, and left supplementary motor area increased in the NXA group and decreased in the ginkgo biloba group after treatment. The fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) of the left precentral and right superior parietal gyrus increased, and the fALFF of the right parahippocampal and left inferior temporal gyrus decreased in the NXA group after treatment. For brain structure, the gray matter density of the left postcentral gyrus increased in the NXA group after treatment, and the total volume of white matter hyperintensity showed a decreasing trend but was not statistically significant. Furthermore, the improvement effect of NXA on executive function was associated with changes in brain function.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that the NXA capsules improved cognitive performance and multiregional brain function, as well as gray matter structure in the postcentral gyrus.
The genetic architecture of trait covariation in Populus euphratica, a desert tree
Authors: Lu Kaiyan , Wang Xueshun , Gong Huiying , Yang Dengcheng , Ye Meixia , Fang Qing , Zhang Xiao-Yu , Wu Rongling
Published: April 2023

Introduction

The cooperative strategy of phenotypic traits during the growth of plants reflects how plants allocate photosynthesis products, which is the most favorable decision for them to optimize growth, survival, and reproduction response to changing environment. Up to now, we still know little about why plants make such decision from the perspective of biological genetic mechanisms.

Methods

In this study, we construct an analytical mapping framework to explore the genetic mechanism regulating the interaction of two complex traits. The framework describes the dynamic growth of two traits and their interaction as Differential Interaction Regulatory Equations (DIRE), then DIRE is embedded into QTL mapping model to identify the key quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that regulate this interaction and clarify the genetic effect, genetic contribution and genetic network structure of these key QTLs. Computer simulation experiment proves the reliability and practicability of our framework.

Results

In order to verify that our framework is universal and flexible, we applied it to two sets of data from Populus euphratica, namely, aboveground stem length - underground taproot length, underground root number - underground root length, which represent relationships of phenotypic traits in two spatial dimensions of plant architecture. The analytical result shows that our model is well applicable to datasets of two dimensions.

Discussion

Our model helps to better illustrate the cooperation-competition patterns between phenotypic traits, and understand the decisions that plants make in a specific environment that are most conducive to their growth from the genetic perspective.
Assessment of transcriptional reprogramming of lettuce roots in response to chitin soil amendment
Authors: Li Leilei , Kaufmann Moritz , Makechemu Moffat , Van Poucke Christof , De Keyser Ellen , Uyttendaele Mieke , Zipfel Cyril , Cottyn Bart , Pothier Joël F.
Published: April 2023

Chitin soil amendment is known to improve soil quality, plant growth and stress resilience, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we monitored chitin’s effect on lettuce physiology every two weeks through an eight-week growth period, analyzed the early transcriptional reprogramming and related metabolomic changes of lettuce, in response to crab chitin treatment in peat-based potting soil. In commercial growth conditions, chitin amendment still promoted lettuce growth, increased chlorophyll content, the number of leaves and crop head weight from week six. The flavonoid content in lettuce leaves was altered as well, showing an increase at week two but a decrease from week six. Transcriptomic analysis showed that over 300 genes in lettuce root were significantly differentially expressed after chitin soil treatment. Gene Ontology-term (GO) enrichment analysis revealed statistical overrepresentation of GO terms linked to photosynthesis, pigment metabolic process and phenylpropanoid metabolic process. Further analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that the flavonoid pathway was mostly upregulated whereas the bifurcation of upstream phenylpropanoid pathway towards lignin biosynthesis was mostly downregulated. Metabolomic analysis revealed the upregulation of salicylic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid in chitin-treated lettuce seedlings. These phenolic compounds (PCs) mainly influence the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway and may play important roles in plant defense reactions. Our results suggest that chitin soil amendments might activate induced resistance by priming lettuce plants and promote lettuce growth via transcriptional changes.
Association between serum Chlamydia trachomatis antibody levels and infertility among reproductive-aged women in the U.S.
Authors: Li Peiyi , Chen Zhiyun
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Chlamydia trachomatis infection, the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterial infection worldwide, is a significant cause of infertility. Many countries have introduced the widespread use of serologic assays for IgG seropositivity to chlamydial plasmid gene product 3 (Pgp3). However, data on the association between the level of Pgp3-IgG in the multiplex bead array assay (Pgp3AbMBA) and female infertility are still scarce.

Methods

This cross-sectional analysis included 1,425 women from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2013 to 2016.

Results

In the fully adjusted logistic regression model, each standard deviation increments of Pgp3AbMBA (SD = 17,079.63) led to a 28% increase in the risk of infertility. The relationship remained consistent in women who had been pregnant and women who gave birth. Smooth curve fitting revealed that the association was linear across the entire range of Pgp3AbMBA. Subgroup analysis suggested that the association was significantly stronger in women who had ever used marijuana and lived in poverty.

Conclusions

This study revealed a linear and independent association between the level of Pgp3AbMBA and self-reported infertility in U.S. women. Furthermore, we found that women who had ever used marijuana and lived in poverty were at the highest risk of infertility upon chlamydial infection.
Spatial risk for a superspreading environment: Insights from six urban facilities in six global cities across four continents
Authors: Loo Becky P. Y. , Tsoi Ka Ho , Axhausen Kay W. , Cao Mengqiu , Lee Yongsung , Koh Keumseok Peter
Published: April 2023

Introduction

This study sets out to provide scientific evidence on the spatial risk for the formation of a superspreading environment.

Methods

Focusing on six common types of urban facilities (bars, cinemas, gyms and fitness centers, places of worship, public libraries and shopping malls), it first tests whether visitors' mobility characteristics differ systematically for different types of facility and at different locations. The study collects detailed human mobility and other locational data in Chicago, Hong Kong, London, São Paulo, Seoul and Zurich. Then, considering facility agglomeration, visitors' profile and the density of the population, facilities are classified into four potential spatial risk (PSR) classes. Finally, a kernel density function is employed to derive the risk surface in each city based on the spatial risk class and nature of activities.

Results

Results of the human mobility analysis reflect the geographical and cultural context of various facilities, transport characteristics and people's lifestyle across cities. Consistent across the six global cities, geographical agglomeration is a risk factor for bars. For other urban facilities, the lack of agglomeration is a risk factor. Based on the spatial risk maps, some high-risk areas of superspreading are identified and discussed in each city.

Discussion

Integrating activity-travel patterns in risk models can help identify areas that attract highly mobile visitors and are conducive to superspreading. Based on the findings, this study proposes a place-based strategy of non-pharmaceutical interventions that balance the control of the pandemic and the daily life of the urban population.