bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Theory Microstructure Modeling in Concentrated Suspensions
Authors: Abisset-Chavanne Emmanuelle , Mezher Rabih , Le Corre Steven , Ammar Amine , Chinesta Francisco
Published: July 2013

When suspensions involving rigid rods become too concentrated, standard dilute theories fail to describe their behavior. Rich microstructures involving complex clusters are observed, and no model allows describing its kinematics and rheological effects. In previous works the authors propose a first attempt to describe such clusters from a micromechanical model, but neither its validity nor the rheological effects were addressed. Later, authors applied this model for fitting the rheological measurements in concentrated suspensions of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by assuming a rheo-thinning behavior at the constitutive law level. However, three major issues were never addressed until now: (i) the validation of the micromechanical model by direct numerical simulation; (ii) the establishment of a general enough multi-scale kinetic theory description, taking into account interaction, diffusion and elastic effects; and (iii) proposing a numerical technique able to solve the kinetic theory description. This paper focuses on these three major issues, proving the validity of the micromechanical model, establishing a multi-scale kinetic theory description and, then, solving it by using an advanced and efficient separated representation of the cluster distribution function. These three aspects, never until now addressed in the past, constitute the main originality and the major contribution of the present paper.
Targeted Silencing of MART-1 Gene Expression by RNA Interference Enhances the Migration Ability of Uveal Melanoma Cells
Authors: Zhang Yidan , Jia Renbing , Wang Jing , Xu Xiaofang , Yao Yuting , Ge Shengfan , Fan Xianqun
Published: July 2013

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy and the leading potentially fatal primary intraocular disease in adults. Melanoma antigen recognized by T-cells (MART-1) has been studied extensively as a clinically important diagnostic marker for melanoma, however, its biological function remains unclear. In the present study, the UM cell line SP6.5, which showed a high level of MART-1 expression, was subjected to small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of MART-1. Silencing of MART-1 expression increased the migration ability of SP6.5 cells and down-regulated the expression of the metastasis suppressor NM23. Our results suggest that MART-1 is a candidate target for the development of therapeutic strategies for UM and in particular for the suppression of metastasis associated with this malignancy.
Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection in Atherosclerotic Lesion Development through Oxidative Stress: A Brief Overview
Authors: Di Pietro Marisa , Filardo Simone , De Santis Fiorenzo , Sessa Rosa
Published: July 2013

Chlamydia pneumoniae, an obligate intracellular pathogen, is known as a leading cause of respiratory tract infections and, in the last two decades, has been widely associated with atherosclerosis by seroepidemiological studies, and direct detection of the microorganism within atheroma. C. pneumoniae is presumed to play a role in atherosclerosis for its ability to disseminate via peripheral blood mononuclear cells, to replicate and persist within vascular cells, and for its pro-inflammatory and angiogenic effects. Once inside the vascular tissue, C. pneumoniae infection has been shown to induce the production of reactive oxygen species in all the cells involved in atherosclerotic process such as macrophages, platelets, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells, leading to oxidative stress. The aim of this review is to summarize the data linking C. pneumoniae-induced oxidative stress to atherosclerotic lesion development.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a New Acyclic Pyrimidine Derivative as a Probe for Imaging Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Thymidine Kinase Gene Expression
Authors: Meščić Andrijana , Betzel Thomas , Müller Adrienne , Slavik Roger , Čermak Stjepko , Raić-Malić Silvana , Ametamey Simon
Published: July 2013

With the idea of finding a more selective radiotracer for imaging herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-tk) gene expression by means of positron emission tomography (PET), a novel [18F]fluorine radiolabeled pyrimidine with 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)butyl side chain at N-1 (HHB-5-[18F]FEP) was prepared and evaluated as a potential PET probe. Unlabeled reference compound, HHB-5-FEP, was synthesized via a five-step reaction sequence starting from 5-(2-acetoxyethyl)-4-methoxypyrimidin-2-one. The radiosynthesis of HHB-[18F]-FEP was accomplished by nucleophilic radiofluorination of a tosylate precursor using [18F]fluoride-cryptate complex in 45% ± 4 (n = 4) radiochemical yields and high purity (>99%). The biological evaluation indicated the feasibility of using HHB-5-[18F]FEP as a PET radiotracer for monitoring HSV1-tk expression in vivo.
Synthesis and Bioassay of a New Class of Furanyl-1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives
Authors: El Sadek Mohamed , Hassan Seham , Abdelwahab Huda , Yacout Galila
Published: July 2013

Tyrosinase enzyme is a monophenol monoxygenase enzyme, which plays an important role in human as a rate limiting step enzyme for different specific metabolic pathways, as well as its useful application in industry and agriculture. So this study was carried out to test the effect of newly prepared compounds containing 1,3,4-oxadiazoles with different substituted groups on tyrosinase enzyme activity, hoping to use them in the treatment of some diseases arising from tyrosinase activity disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, autism, attention deficit, hyperactivity disorder, and cancer.
Elaboration of Stable and Antibody Functionalized Positively Charged Colloids by Polyelectrolyte Complexation between Chitosan and Hyaluronic Acid
Authors: Polexe Ramona , Delair Thierry
Published: July 2013

In this study, we describe the elaboration of multifunctional positively charged polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) nanoparticles, designed to be stable at physiological salt concentration and pH, for effective targeted delivery. These nanoparticles were obtained by charge neutralization between chitosan (CS) as polycation and hyaluronic acid (HA) as polyanion. We showed that the course of the complexation process and the physico-chemical properties of the resulting colloids were impacted by (i) internal parameters such as the Degree of Acetylation (DA, i.e., the molar ration of acetyl glucosamine residues) and molar mass of CS, the HA molar mass and (ii) external parameters like the charge mixing ratio and the polymer concentrations. As a result, nonstoichiometric colloidal PECs were obtained in water or PBS (pH 7.4) and remained stable over one month. The polymer interactions were characterized by thermal analysis (DSC and TGA) and the morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy. A model antibody, anti-ovalbumine (OVA) immunoglobulin A (IgA) was sorbed on the particle surface in water and PBS quantitatively in 4 h. The CS-HA/IgA nanoparticles average size was between 425–665 nm with a positive zeta potential. These results pointed out that CS-HA can be effective carriers for use in targeted drug delivery.
The Relationship of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) with Learning and Behavior in Healthy Children: A Review
Authors: Kuratko Connye , Barrett Erin , Nelson Edward , Salem Norman
Published: July 2013

Childhood is a period of brain growth and maturation. The long chain omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is a major lipid in the brain recognized as essential for normal brain function. In animals, low brain DHA results in impaired learning and behavior. In infants, DHA is important for optimal visual and cognitive development. The usual intake of DHA among toddlers and children is low and some studies show improvements in cognition and behavior as the result of supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids including DHA. The purpose of this review was to identify and evaluate current knowledge regarding the relationship of DHA with measures of learning and behavior in healthy school-age children. A systematic search of the literature identified 15 relevant publications for review. The search found studies which were diverse in purpose and design and without consistent conclusions regarding the treatment effect of DHA intake or biomarker status on specific cognitive tests. However, studies of brain activity reported benefits of DHA supplementation and over half of the studies reported a favorable role for DHA or long chain omega-3 fatty acids in at least one area of cognition or behavior. Studies also suggested an important role for DHA in school performance.
New Aspects of Gene-Silencing for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Koenig Olivia , Walker Tobias , Perle Nadja , Zech Almuth , Neumann Bernd , Schlensak Christian , Wendel Hans-Peter , Nolte Andrea
Published: July 2013

Coronary heart disease (CHD), mainly caused by atherosclerosis, represents the single leading cause of death in industrialized countries. Besides the classical interventional therapies new applications for treatment of vascular wall pathologies are appearing on the horizon. RNA interference (RNAi) represents a novel therapeutic strategy due to sequence-specific gene-silencing through the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA). The modulation of gene expression by short RNAs provides a powerful tool to theoretically silence any disease-related or disease-promoting gene of interest. In this review we outline the RNAi mechanisms, the currently used delivery systems and their possible applications to the cardiovascular system. Especially, the optimization of the targeting and transfection procedures could enhance the efficiency of siRNA delivery drastically and might open the way to clinical applicability. The new findings of the last years may show the techniques to new innovative therapies and could probably play an important role in treating CHD in the future.
Density and Viscosity Measurement of Diesel Fuels at Combined High Pressure and Elevated Temperature
Authors: Schaschke Carl , Fletcher Isobel , Glen Norman
Published: July 2013

We report the measurement of the viscosity and density of various diesel fuels, obtained from British refineries, at elevated pressures up to 500 MPa and temperatures in the range 298 K to 373 K. The measurement and prediction procedures of fluid properties under high pressure conditions is of increasing interest in many processes and systems including enhanced oil recovery, automotive engine fuel injection, braking, and hydraulic systems. Accurate data and understanding of the fluid characteristic in terms of pressure, volume and temperature is required particularly where the fluid is composed of a complex mixture or blend of aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons. In this study, high pressure viscosity data was obtained using a thermostatically-controlled falling sinker-type high pressure viscometer to provide reproducible and reliable viscosity data based on terminal velocity sinker fall times. This was supported with density measurements using a micro-pVT device. Both high-pressure devices were additionally capable of illustrating the freezing points of the hydrocarbon mixtures. This work has, thus, provided data that can extend the application of mixtures of commercially available fuels and to test the validity of available predictive density and viscosity models. This included a Tait-style equation for fluid compressibility prediction. For complex diesel fuel compositions, which have many unidentified components, the approach illustrates the need to apply appropriate correlations, which require accurate knowledge or prediction of thermodynamic properties.
Open Access and the Changing Landscape of Research Impact Indicators: New Roles for Repositories
Authors: Bernal Isabel
Published: July 2013

The debate about the need to revise metrics that evaluate research excellence has been ongoing for years, and a number of studies have identified important issues that have yet to be addressed. Internet and other technological developments have enabled the collection of richer data and new approaches to research assessment exercises. Open access strongly advocates for maximizing research impact by enhancing seamless accessibility. In addition, new tools and strategies have been used by open access journals and repositories to showcase how science can benefit from free online dissemination. Latest players in the debate include initiatives based on alt-metrics, which enrich the landscape with promising indicators. To start with, the article gives a brief overview of the debate and the role of open access in advancing a new frame to assess science. Next, the work focuses on the strategy that the Spanish National Research Council’s repository DIGITAL.CSIC is implementing to collect a rich set of statistics and other metrics that are useful for repository administrators, researchers and the institution alike. A preliminary analysis of data hints at correlations between free dissemination of research through DIGITAL.CSIC and enhanced impact, reusability and sharing of CSIC science on the web.
Can Night-Time Light Data Identify Typologies of Urbanization? A Global Assessment of Successes and Failures
Authors: Zhang Qian , Seto Karen
Published: July 2013

The world is rapidly urbanizing, but there is no single urbanization process. Rather, urban areas in different regions of the world are undergoing myriad types of transformation processes. The purpose of this paper is to examine how well data from DMSP/OLS nighttime lights (NTL) can identify different types of urbanization processes. Although data from DMSP/OLS NTL are increasingly used for the study of urban areas, to date there is no systematic assessment of how well these data identify different types of urban change. Here, we randomly select 240 sample locations distributed across all world regions to generate urbanization typologies with the DMSP/OLS NTL data and use Google Earth imagery to assess the validity of the NTL results. Our results indicate that where urbanization occurred, NTL have a high accuracy (93%) of characterizing these changes. There is also a relatively high error of commission (42%), where NTL identified urban change when no change occurred. This leads to an overestimation of urbanization by NTL. Our analysis shows that time series NTL data more accurately identifies urbanization in developed countries, but is less accurate in developing countries, suggesting the need to exert caution when using or interpreting NTL in developing countries.
Exploring Patterns and Effects of Aerosol Quantity Flag Anomalies in MODIS Surface Reflectance Products in the Tropics
Authors: Grogan Kenneth , Fensholt Rasmus
Published: July 2013

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) has been supplying a continuous data stream since 2000, lending to detailed time series analysis of the global terrestrial environment. This paper explores a quality anomaly present in the tropics relating to the aerosol quantity flag in the daily MODIS surface reflectance products (MOD09 series) and the 16-day Vegetation Index (VI) composite products (MOD13 series) derived from the daily observations. While the anomaly is to some extent a known issue reported by the MODIS Land Quality Assessment group, very little is known about the scale of the issue, the nature and patterns of its occurrence, and potential consequences for data analysis, which explains why it is not adequately recognized throughout the literature. Two tropical regions were used to explore the anomaly and demonstrate the effects it has on the quality of selected MODIS products—one in the South American Amazon, the other in mainland Southeast Asia. The origins of the anomaly are described qualitatively in detail, and quantitative estimates of affected evergreen forest area in the MOD13A1 time series are made using blue band thresholding. The anomaly originates in the 1 km State dataset, whereby, under certain conditions, high aerosol quantity pixels are given a low aerosol quantity label, resulting in poor quality pixels with “good” quality labels. MODIS users are advised to investigate whether this anomaly has significant implications for their respective analysis and to consider the effects it may have on past studies.
Soil Moisture & Snow Properties Determination with GNSS in Alpine Environments: Challenges, Status, and Perspectives
Authors: Botteron Cyril , Dawes Nicholas , Leclère Jérôme , Skaloud Jan , Weijs Steven , Farine Pierre-André
Published: July 2013

Moisture content in the soil and snow in the alpine environment is an important factor, not only for environmentally oriented research, but also for decision making in agriculture and hazard management. Current observation techniques quantifying soil moisture or characterizing a snow pack often require dedicated instrumentation that measures either at point scale or at very large (satellite pixel) scale. Given the heterogeneity of both snow cover and soil moisture in alpine terrain, observations of the spatial distribution of moisture and snow-cover are lacking at spatial scales relevant for alpine hydrometeorology. This paper provides an overview of the challenges and status of the determination of soil moisture and snow properties in alpine environments. Current measurement techniques and newly proposed ones, based on the reception of reflected Global Navigation Satellite Signals (i.e., GNSS Reflectometry or GNSS-R), or the use of laser scanning are reviewed, and the perspectives offered by these new techniques to fill the current gap in the instrumentation level are discussed. Some key enabling technologies including the availability of modernized GNSS signals and GNSS array beamforming techniques are also considered and discussed.
Using the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) within a Geographic Information System to Detect Swimming Pools for Mosquito Abatement: A Practical Approach
Authors: McFeeters Stuart
Published: July 2013

Mosquito-borne diseases affect millions of people worldwide. In the United States, since 1999, West Nile Virus (WNV) has infected 36,801 people and has caused the deaths of 1,580. In California, since 2002, nearly 3,600 people have been infected with WNV with an additional 124 fatalities. Analyses of remotely- and spatially-based data have proven to facilitate the study of mosquito-borne diseases, including WNV. This study proposes an efficient procedure to identify swimming pools that may serve as potential mosquito habitat. The procedure derives the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) from high resolution, multi-spectral imagery to detect the presence of surface water, and then incorporates vector-based data layers within a GIS to identify residential land parcels with detectable water. This study compared the parcels identified as having water (535) with parcels known to have swimming pools (682) resulting in an accuracy of 78.4%. Nineteen of the 147 land parcels with swimming pools had backyards with enough vegetation to obscure the presence of a swimming pool from the satellite. The remaining 128 parcels lacked enough surface water for the NDWI to indicate them as actually having surface water. It is likely then that swimming pools, associated with such parcels, may have enough water in them to provide adequate habitat for mosquitoes, and so field inspection by mosquito abatement personnel would be justified.
Three Dimensional Gait Analysis Using Wearable Acceleration and Gyro Sensors Based on Quaternion Calculations
Authors: Tadano Shigeru , Takeda Ryo , Miyagawa Hiroaki
Published: July 2013

This paper proposes a method for three dimensional gait analysis using wearable sensors and quaternion calculations. Seven sensor units consisting of a tri-axial acceleration and gyro sensors, were fixed to the lower limbs. The acceleration and angular velocity data of each sensor unit were measured during level walking. The initial orientations of the sensor units were estimated using acceleration data during upright standing position and the angular displacements were estimated afterwards using angular velocity data during gait. Here, an algorithm based on quaternion calculation was implemented for orientation estimation of the sensor units. The orientations of the sensor units were converted to the orientations of the body segments by a rotation matrix obtained from a calibration trial. Body segment orientations were then used for constructing a three dimensional wire frame animation of the volunteers during the gait. Gait analysis was conducted on five volunteers, and results were compared with those from a camera-based motion analysis system. Comparisons were made for the joint trajectory in the horizontal and sagittal plane. The average RMSE and correlation coefficient (CC) were 10.14 deg and 0.98, 7.88 deg and 0.97, 9.75 deg and 0.78 for the hip, knee and ankle flexion angles, respectively.
Sensors and Sensory Processing for Airborne Vibrations in Silk Moths and Honeybees
Authors: Ai Hiroyuki
Published: July 2013

Insects use airborne vibrations caused by their own movements to control their behaviors and produce airborne vibrations to communicate with conspecific mates. In this review, I use two examples to introduce how insects use airborne vibrations to accurately control behavior or for communication. The first example is vibration-sensitive sensilla along the wing margin that stabilize wingbeat frequency. There are two specialized sensors along the wing margin for detecting the airborne vibration caused by wingbeats. The response properties of these sensors suggest that each sensor plays a different role in the control of wingbeats. The second example is Johnston’s organ that contributes to regulating flying speed and perceiving vector information about food sources to hive-mates. There are parallel vibration processing pathways in the central nervous system related with these behaviors, flight and communication. Both examples indicate that the frequency of airborne vibration are filtered on the sensory level and that on the central nervous system level, the extracted vibration signals are integrated with other sensory signals for executing quick adaptive motor response.
Optimization of HIV-1 Envelope DNA Vaccine Candidates within Three Different Animal Models, Guinea Pigs, Rabbits and Cynomolgus Macaques
Authors: Borggren Marie , Vinner Lasse , Andresen Betina , Grevstad Berit , Repits Johanna , Melchers Mark , Elvang Tara , Sanders Rogier , Martinon Frédéric , Dereuddre-Bosquet Nathalie , Bowles Emma , Stewart-Jones Guillaume , Biswas Priscilla , Scarlatti Gabriella , Jansson Marianne , Heyndrickx Leo , Grand Roger , Fomsgaard Anders
Published: July 2013

HIV-1 DNA vaccines have many advantageous features. Evaluation of HIV-1 vaccine candidates often starts in small animal models before macaque and human trials. Here, we selected and optimized DNA vaccine candidates through systematic testing in rabbits for the induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAb). We compared three different animal models: guinea pigs, rabbits and cynomolgus macaques. Envelope genes from the prototype isolate HIV-1 Bx08 and two elite neutralizers were included. Codon-optimized genes, encoded secreted gp140 or membrane bound gp150, were modified for expression of stabilized soluble trimer gene products, and delivered individually or mixed. Specific IgG after repeated i.d. inoculations with electroporation confirmed in vivo expression and immunogenicity. Evaluations of rabbits and guinea pigs displayed similar results. The superior DNA construct in rabbits was a trivalent mix of non-modified codon-optimized gp140 envelope genes. Despite NAb responses with some potency and breadth in guinea pigs and rabbits, the DNA vaccinated macaques displayed less bNAb activity. It was concluded that a trivalent mix of non-modified gp140 genes from rationally selected clinical isolates was, in this study, the best option to induce high and broad NAb in the rabbit model, but this optimization does not directly translate into similar responses in cynomolgus macaques.
Les voûtes d'ogives du Promenoir des moines au Mont-Saint-Michel et le problème de leur datation
Authors: Gallet Yves
Published: July 2013

The pointed vaults ofthe monks' promenade at Mont-Saint-Michel and the problem oftheir dating, by Yves Gallet

Ever since the re-examination of the vaults of the abbey of Lessay by Yves-Marie Froidevaux in 1958, most historians of Mont-Saint-Michel have dated the pointed vaults of the monks' promenade to the abbacy of Roger 11(1106-1122). They would thus be among the oldest preserved examples in the Anglo-Norman world of this new kind of vault, and this would place Mont-Saint-Michel among the monuments presage the bossoming of early Gothic art in the Capetian domain. The archaeological and stylistic study of the edifice, however, leads to different conclusions. The vaults of the promenade are datable to the late twelfth or early thirteenth century and were constructed during the abbacy of Robert de Torigny ( 1154- 1186) or more probably that of Jourdain (1191-1212). The latter hypothesis would suggest that the work on the promenade was part of the refurbishing of the conxentual buildings after the fire that parrially destroved the monastery in 1204, a few years before the decision was taken to open a new work-site further to the east : la Merveille.
Le château de Sainte-Hermine (Vendée) : archéologie de la demeure d'un seigneur huguenot du début du XVIIe siècle
Authors: Delaval Alain
Published: July 2013

Das Schloss von Sainte-Hermine in der Nähe von Fontenay-le-Comte wurde auf den Fundamenten einer ehemaligen Burg der Herzöge von La Tremoïlle, dem Sitz der Herrschaft von Sainte-Hermine, durch den hugenottischen Edelmann Jacques des Nouhes, Herrn von La Labariere, und Schwiegersohn des hugenottischen Gouverneurs von Saumur, du Plessis-Mornav, wiedererrichtet. Diese neue Schlossresidenz, die unvollendet geblieben ist und einen Turm des Vorgängerbaus einbezieht, wurde im Jahre 1620 von einem ansonsten unbekannten Steinmerzmeister namens Mathurin Bernard erbaut.

Der Adelssitz setzt sich zusammen aus einem Hauptgebäude (Corps de Logis), das umgeben ist von dem älteren Turm im Osten, von einem Wohntrakt im Westen, und von dem Stumpf eines rückwärtigen Flügels im Nordwesten, der niemals gebaut wurde, und der vielleicht eine Galerie aufnehmen sollte. Dieses Schloss, das nach dem Tode von Madame des Nouhes und ihren beiden Söhnen unbewohnt blieb und den größten Feil des 18. Jahrhunderts leer stand, wurde in den 1830er Jahren durch den Vicomte de La Poëze im Inneren umgestaltet, sowie um 1877 durch Armand-Eugène Landois.

Durch neue Umbaumaßnahmen im Inneren konnten Fragmente originaler, bemalter Wandverkleidungen freigelegt weiden, insbesondere ein vollständig mit einem heraldischen Dekor von königlichen Wappen ausgemaltes Zimmer, der wahrscheinlich anlässlich des Besuchs von König Ludwig XIII. im April 1622 ausgeführt wurde.
In vitro antiviral activity and underlying molecular mechanisms of dipotassium glycyrrhetate against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
Authors: Wang Zhi-Wei , Sun Na , Wu Cai-Hong , Jiang Jun-Bing , Bai Yuan-Sheng , Li Hong-Quan
Published: July 2013

Background

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has caused large economic losses in the swine industry. Currently, there is no effective way to prevent PRRSV infection. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of dipotassium glycyrrhetate (DG), a derivative of glycyrrhetinic acid, on PRRSV infection ability.

Methods

The cytotoxicity of DG was measured by MTT assay, and the effects of DG on PRRSV N gene/protein were investigated using real-time PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence assay. In addition, the effect of DG on cell apoptosis was analysed by fluorescence staining.

Results

Our results indicated that DG could effectively inhibit virus replication and N gene expression in MARC-145 cells infected with PRRSV. When the infected cells received DG, the numbers of apoptotic cells were decreased, and the cleaved caspase-3 contents were decreased dramatically.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates that DG could effectively inhibit the PRRS virus via multiple pathways including inhibition of virus replication and N gene expression and reduction of apoptotic cells. DG can serve as a potential chemical for PRRSV prevention and control.
Un regard différent sur la psychopathologie
Authors: Odier Geneviève
Published: July 2013

Pouvoir poser un autre regard sur la psychopathologie demande, après avoir défini ce terme d’une part dans le contexte psychiatrique et d’autre part dans le contexte de l’Approche centrée sur la personne, de porter un regard sur soi et sur sa façon d’être au monde. Si nous reconnaissons l’incontestable interconnexion entre les individus, nous comprenons que ce que nous pouvons comprendre de nous-mêmes nous aide à comprendre les autres et réciproquement. La vision de Carl Rogers sur les capacités d’actualisation de la personne décourage, par son ouverture et son acceptation d’une réalité mouvante, toutes tentatives réductionnistes de cataloguer l’être humain. À travers une rétrospective de ses convictions, la nécessité de se libérer des conventions limitantes paraît évidente. Rogers nous conduit par sa foi inébranlable en un processus de vie fluide et directionnel dans une dimension spatiale où la dynamique d’une compréhension intuitive donne à notre conscience la possibilité d’élargir son champ d’exploration ; une tentative de percevoir une coïncidence parfaite entre soi et le monde.
Les fondements philosophiques de la thérapie centrée sur la personne
Authors: Wilkins Paul , Priels Jean-Marc
Published: July 2013

Dans cet article, l’Approche centrée sur la personne est située face aux trois grands paradigmes (moderniste, romantique et postmoderne) de la philosophie occidentale. Elle est également mise en en regard de la psychologie humaniste et de la phénoménologie. La théorie centrée sur la personne possède cependant sa propre cohérence théorique et pratique. Pour importantes que soient ses racines culturelles et intellectuelles, elle ne se laisse pas facilement réduire à une quelconque tradition de pensée.
Le regard positif inconditionnel : comment y parvenir ?
Authors: Haudiquet Xavier
Published: July 2013

Le regard positif inconditionnel, l’une des conditions que mentionne Carl Rogers pour créer un climat facilitateur de croissance, aux côtés de la congruence et de l’empathie, pose souvent problème au thérapeute. Sentiments et, plus encore, appréciations négatives et jugements sont autant d’obstacles qui empêchent de l’éprouver. Le thérapeute centré sur la personne est de fait tenu de conscientiser et de travailler ses jugements, s’il n’entend pas rester limité voire bloqué dans sa pratique. Par ailleurs, les trois conditions formant un tout, l’écoute empathique peut être une voie permettant, par la découverte de la réalité de l’autre, de sortir de ses propres sentiments et, par là, de ses jugements.
Ethics and Modes of Jouissance
Authors: Hoffmann Christian
Published: July 2013

Éthique et modes de jouissance La coupure freudienne du sujet permet d’élaborer une éthique de sa responsabilité subjective et de son mode singulier de jouissance.
Subject and Power in Contemporaneity
Authors: Birman Joel
Published: July 2013

Sujet et pouvoir dans la contemporanéité Cette contribution porte sur la souffrance et la douleur dans les formes de subjectivation contemporaine.
Fabriques et pratiques de « corps composés » – enjeux et réalisations d'idéaux
Authors: Desprats Péquignot Catherine
Published: July 2013

Au XXe siècle, les avancées médicales, scientifiques, technologiques ont remis en question des données et repères qui semblaient intangibles, confrontant à des problèmes nouveaux, entre autres, concernant le rapport au corps et au sexuel où rien désormais ne paraît plus guère faire obstacle, ni comme interdit, ni comme impossible. Dans le monde contemporain en témoignent des fabriques et des pratiques inédites de « corps composés ». En appui sur des réalisations médicales et des propositions artistiques, en questionner les enjeux et les idéaux, conduit à reprendre, de mythes d’origine en fantasmes, la question de l’imago du sein et celle de la mère phallique.
Fabrications and Practices of “Composed Bodies” – The Stakes and Realizations of Ideals
Authors: Desprats Péquignot Catherine
Published: July 2013

Fabriques et pratiques de « corps composés » – enjeux et réalisations d’idéaux Au XX e siècle, les avancées médicales, scientifiques, technologiques ont remis en question des données et repères qui semblaient intangibles, confrontant à des problèmes nouveaux, entre autres, concernant le rapport au corps et au sexuel où rien désormais ne paraît plus guère faire obstacle, ni comme interdit, ni comme impossible. Dans le monde contemporain en témoignent des fabriques et des pratiques inédites de « corps composés ». En appui sur des réalisations médicales et des propositions artistiques, en questionner les enjeux et les idéaux, conduit à reprendre, de mythes d’origine en fantasmes, la question de l’imago du sein et celle de la mère phallique.
Les artifices du désir dans la psychose
Authors: Westphal Laure
Published: July 2013

Quelle que soit son orientation, le clinicien reconnaît dans l’état maniaque un moment de triomphe euphorique dont les sujets semblent se satisfaire. Il existe des états maniaques endogènes, observables dans la psychose mais qui vont bien au-delà. Cette forme de manie s’aide parfois de toxiques et elle est en extension dans le monde contemporain. Elle peut venir à point nommé dans la psychose où le désir non sexualisé par l’Œdipe menace l’existence subjective. En effet, quelle que soit l’origine de la manie, elle a pour vertu de soutenir le sujet dans une trajectoire oniriquement désirante où le corps prend la consistance qui lui manquait. L’excitation artificielle cherche à éviter l’anéantissement tant redouté. Nous avons mesuré la portée de ce procédé à partir de l’étude d’un cas clinique.
Vision and Narcissism
Authors: Putois Olivier
Published: July 2013

Vision et Narcissisme Nous diagnostiquons critique lacanienne du dernier Merleau-Ponty le refus d’une identification du visible à l’image d’un sens suivant lequel le sujet pourrait le reconnaître (narcissisme charnel). Le stade du miroir montre au contraire qu’aucune image – même celle, spéculaire, du corps propre –, n’a de valeur représentative tant qu’elle ne reçoit pas son sens inconscient par une réponse signifiante proférée au lieu de l’Autre ; et que, corrélativement, le primat d’une telle réponse signifiante opacifie l’image, en mettant en évidence l’absence de sens immanent qui découle de son conditionnement diacritique. La fascination schizophrénique pour l’image spéculaire caractéristique du signe du miroir confirme a contrario le primat d’une telle réponse, en manifestant la dépersonnalisation que produit son absence ; elle permet ainsi d’invalider cliniquement la thèse merleau-pontyenne.
Pour introduire la névrose extraordinaire
Authors: Evrard Renaud
Published: July 2013

La notion de « névrose extraordinaire » fut au centre de débats, au milieu du XIXe siècle, au sein de la Société Médico-Psychologique. Il s’agissait alors de mettre un nom sur un ensemble de cas à la limite des connaissances psychiatriques de l’époque, mêlant entre autres somnambulisme, double personnalité, crises hystériques et phénomènes de lucidité. De nos jours, cette notion pourrait trouver sa place dans la nomenclature en tant qu’alternative diagnostique à la psychose pour une autre clinique : celle des hallucinations et délires non-psychotiques. Plus précisément, les récentes théorisations lacaniennes sur les formes ordinaires et extraordinaires de la structure psychotique induisent, par symétrie, une réflexion sur ce que seraient les formes ordinaires et extraordinaires de la structure névrotique.
On Extraordinary Neurosis: An Introduction
Authors: Evrard Renaud
Published: July 2013

Pour introduire la névrose extraordinaire La notion de « névrose extraordinaire » fut au centre de débats, au milieu du XIX e siècle, au sein de la Société Médico-Psychologique. Il s’agissait alors de mettre un nom sur un ensemble de cas à la limite des connaissances psychiatriques de l’époque, mêlant entre autres somnambulisme, double personnalité, crises hystériques et phénomènes de lucidité. De nos jours, cette notion pourrait trouver sa place dans la nomenclature en tant qu’alternative diagnostique à la psychose pour une autre clinique : celle des hallucinations et délires non-psychotiques. Plus précisément, les récentes théorisations lacaniennes sur les formes ordinaires et extraordinaires de la structure psychotique induisent, par symétrie, une réflexion sur ce que seraient les formes ordinaires et extraordinaires de la structure névrotique.
L'opposition à la langue maternelle
Authors: Uriburu Maria Eugenia
Published: July 2013

Cet article présente l’indexation bibliographique complète de Louis Wolfson et de tous les auteurs qui ont pu s’intéresser à ses productions au cours des quarante dernières années. L’auteure se propose d’explorer quelques éléments épistémologiques et historiques de la publication de 1970 et s’interroge sur les effets éthiques d’une psychopathologie – notamment d’une partie de la communauté analytique – qui déborde de ses frontières. Pour conclure, elle cite les expériences innovantes qui ont eu lieu grâce à la publication de cette œuvre.
The Opposition to the Mother Tongue
Authors: Uriburu Maria Eugenia
Published: July 2013

L’opposition à la langue maternelle Cet article présente l’indexation bibliographie complète de Louis Wolfson et de tous les auteurs qui ont pu s’intéresser à ses productions au cours des quarante dernières années. L’auteure se propose d’explorer quelques éléments épistémologiques et historiques de la publication de 1970 et s’interroge sur les effets éthiques d’une psychopathologie – notamment d’une partie de la communauté analytique – qui déborde de ses frontières. Pour conclure, elle cite les expériences innovantes qui ont eu lieu grâce à la publication de cette œuvre.
La couleur dans l’environnement urbain
Authors: Nguyen Luan , Teller Jacques
Published: July 2013

L’objet de cet article est de présenter un protocole permettant la caractérisation d’attributs chromatiques dans un fragment urbain défini. Le défi consiste à fournir des réponses quantitatives à ces deux questions : comment la composante chromatique s’organise-t-elle ? Quelle structure la couleur développe-t-elle dans un tissu urbain ? Notre recherche devra mener à l’établissement d’une typologie de la couleur dans l’environnement urbain. L’établissement de la méthode présentée ici a été amorcé par la prise en compte d’un manque d’outils efficaces dans les pratiques actuelles, en termes de caractérisation chromatique. Le protocole est illustré à travers l’étude de la rue des Anglais à Liège et sa stabilité est testée par une série de validations.
Antibody Polyreactivity in Health and Disease: Statu Variabilis
Authors: Dimitrov Jordan D. , Planchais Cyril , Roumenina Lubka T. , Vassilev Tchavdar L. , Kaveri Srinivas V. , Lacroix-Desmazes Sebastien
Published: July 2013

An Ab molecule or a BCR that is able to bind multiple structurally unrelated Ags is defined as polyreactive. Polyreactive Abs and BCRs constitute an important part of immune repertoires under physiological conditions and may play essential roles in immune defense and in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. In this review, we integrate and discuss different findings that reveal the indispensable role of Ag-binding polyreactivity in the immune system. First, we describe the functional and molecular characteristics of polyreactive Abs. The following part of the review concentrates on the biological roles attributed to polyreactive Abs and to polyreactive BCRs. Finally, we discuss recent studies that link Ig polyreactivity with distinct pathological conditions.
Histomorphometrical and ultrastructural study of the effects of carbendazim on the magnum of the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Authors: Kimaro Wahabu H. , Madekurozwa Mary-Catherine , Groenewald Herman B.
Published: July 2013

The study investigated the effect of various doses of carbendazim on the morphology of the magnum of the Japanese quail. No morphological changes were observed in the magnum in birds treated with carbendazim at doses of 25 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg bodyweight. A carbendazim dose of 400 mg/kg bodyweight was the lowest dose which caused morphological changes in the magnum. Histologically, carbendazim caused pyknosis and glandular atrophy in the magnum mucosa. Carbendazim also caused significant decreases in the height of the mucosal folds, epithelial height, glandular width and glandular luminal diameter at 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg (p < 0.05). At ultrastructural level, dose-dependent deciliation was observed. Pyknotic nuclei, dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, swollen mitochondria, numerous vacuoles and lysosomes in the luminal and glandular epithelia were identified. The observed degenerative changes could be due to cytoskeletal disruption caused by carbendazim toxicity. Degeneration of the luminal and glandular cells in the magnum pose a potential threat to the egg production and reproduction of exposed birds.
Plantegroeiklassifikasie van die A-landtipe van die Mooirivier - opvanggebied, Transvaal
Authors: Bezuidenhout H.
Published: July 2013

The aim of this study was to identify, characterize and interpret ecologically, by using habitat characteristics, the major vege­tation units and their variations of the A land type. Five plant communities were successfully distinguished by applying a numerical classification and Braun-Blanquet procedures. The plant communities could easily be correlated with specific habitat types. A clear distinction could be made between plant communities of the upland and lowland areas. Vegetation gradients and associated gradients in habitat were identified by using an ordination technique. The study emphasized the importance of topography and soil type for the delimitation of management units for farming or nature conservation practices.
Biotegnologie — ’n Nuwe benadering in planteteling
Authors: Ferreira D. I.
Published: July 2013

Conventional plant breeding has made a significant impact on the increase in crop production during the last half century. Several shortcomings however, opened up the opportunities for the application of biotechnology in plant breeding. The vari­ous approaches in the field of cell biology (tissue culture) and molecular biology (recombinant DNA technology) are dis­cussed and the application thereof is advocated in a global approach to plant breeding.
Die aanwending van ’n eenvoudige grondwaterbalans om droogte in natuurlike veld te karakteriseer
Authors: Du Pisani A. L.
Published: July 2013

The characterisation of drought is something which has caused much debate and investigation and is even in the nineties still a thorny problem. This article describes a method whereby drought in natural veld is characterised by using a soil water balance to build a "climatology" of soil water content. The real time situation is then compared to the "soil water climate" and described in terms of probabilities.
Gesondheid in Afrika
Authors: Slabber C. F.
Published: July 2013

“For almost nine hundred million people, approximate­ly one sixth of mankind, the march of human progress has now become a retreat. In many nations, development is being thrown into reverse.” UNICEF - The State of the World’s Children, 1989.
Omgewingsfaktore en Fitoplanktonproduksie in die Vaalrivier by Balkfontein
Authors: Blerk J. M. , Pieterse A. J. H.
Published: July 2013

Die Vaalrivier word as die belangrikste rivier in Suid-Afrika beskou vanweë die konsentrasie van ekonomiese aktiwiteit in veral die sentrale gedeeltes van die opvanggebied. Hierdie studie is te Balkfontein naby Bothaville, waar die OVS - Goudveldwaterraad water uit die Vaalrivier onttrek, onderneem.
Streshormone en fisieke aktiwiteit
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: July 2013

Hormone secretion during physical activity of specific duration and intensity is part of the stress response. In a study to investigate the secretion of ß-endorphin, leucine enkephalin and other recognised stress hormones during physical exercise, blood samples were taken from fourteen (14) healthy, male athletes who competed in a 21 km roadrace. Blood samples were collected before and after completion of the race. This study shows that ß-endorphin/ß-lipotropin, leucine enkephalin, prolactin, and melatonin may be classified as stress hormones in physical activity of duration 80 to 120 minutes and intensity exceeding 75%-V0₂max. Widespread intra-individual variation in serum cortisol concentrations prevent definite conclusion. The un­expected increase in serum testosterone levels warrants further research.
Die bloed-brein-skans
Authors: Meij H. S.
Published: July 2013

The composition of the extracellular fluid (ECF) of the brain is of particular importance, because normal functioning of brain cells depends largely upon a chemically stable fluid environment. Changes in the ECF can lead to serious impairment of brain function. The existence of a barrier between the blood and the brain tissue, by means of which a stable surrounding is maintained, was postulated about 80 years ago and we now know that it resides in the continuous layer of endothelium cells of the brain blood capillaries.
Die fisika van motorbotsings en padverkeersveiligheid
Authors: Saayman R.
Published: July 2013

A survey is given of the interdependent physical variables and principles relevant to the motion of a road vehicle in a traffic situation and its application to analyse and prevent actual collisions. As introduction recent RSA collision statistics and research results on contributing factors and types of collisions which occur, are presented. Then speed as cause is investigated with a discussion of the relative velocity between vehicles; stopping ability and safe following distances; the decision to stop or not at a changing traffic light; as well as estimations of the speed before collisions from wheel skidding marks and projectile flips and vaults. Thirdly vehicle stability is discussed with applications of weight displacement during sudden accelerations; explanations for skidding out of and turning over on a road bend; as well as load displacement.
Die bewaring van ons kusomgewing
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: July 2013

Dit word allerweë aanvaar dat Suid-Afrika ’n land van besondere skoonheid is — ’n land met ’n verstommende veelvuldigheid aan landskapsvorms, plante en diere, asook aan menslike gemeenskappe.
Parameterryke onvoorwaardelike verdelings met ’n stogastiese parameter in die voorwaardelike gammaverdeling
Authors: Bekker A. , Roux J. J. J.
Published: July 2013

Suppose that the scale parameter in the two-parameter gamma distribution (as conditional distribution) is a function of a variate. This stochastic scale parameter is determined by the form which the regression curve can assume. Parameter-rich unconditional distributions with the two-parameter gamma distribution as a mixed distribution are derived for the regres­sion functions ay and a/y. A generalized distribution is used as a mixed distribution to derive a wide class of unconditional distributions with enrichment induced by regression parameters.
Die invloed van drie kruisbestuiwers op die saadinhoud van Minneola tangelo (Citrus parodist x C reticulata)
Authors: Esterhuizen H. J. , Holtzhausen L. C. , Swart E.
Published: July 2013

The influence of cross-pollination by Clementine, Empress and Valencia on the seed content of Minneola tangelo was inves­tigated. Clementine and Empress had the largest influence on the average seed content of fruit while that of Valencia was minimal. The average seed content of the fruit decreased with increasing distance from the pollinator. The three cultivars in this study can be used as cross-pollinators. A specific distance should be allowed between the cultivar and cross-pollinator to ensure fruit with acceptable seed content and fruit size for export.