bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MAGISTRACY IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD
Authors: Valeeva Svetlana N. , Maksimov Viktor V. , Shaidullin Marat R.
Published: September 2023

Purpose. To carry out a retrospective analysis of periods of formation of magistracy in Russia and abroad and to describe key changes and trends that have influenced its development. Consider the stages of transformation of preparation of masters of electrical profile on the example of Russia.

Methods. The study used historical analysis, analysis of normative documents, which allowed to study the process of transformation of the magistracy in Russia and abroad.

Results. The study revealed the following key trends that contribute to the establishment and development of the magistracy: positive dynamics of the increase in the number of applicants for the magistracy, modernization of master’s degree programs, a tendency to expand the target of master’s education: from the training of research and scientific-pedagogical personnel to the training of highly qualified specialists.
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES AS ONE OF THE KEY PROFES-SIONAL COMPETENCIES OF THE 21ST-CENTURY GRADUATES
Authors: Alexeeva Dina A. , Isaikina Maria A. , Shilova Svetlana A.
Published: September 2023

Purpose. The given article is devoted to the issue of social responsibilities in the educational context. The purpose of the article is to analyze the concept of social responsibilities as one of the main professional competencies and its reflection in educational results of higher education.

Methodology. The methods of descriptive and evaluative analysis and synthesis are applied. This work covers the latest research results, normative documents, cur-rent trends in the labor market, as well as issues of psychological adaptability and social responsibility of those to secure the future of the economy. The authors prove that social responsibility is crucial in the 21st century.

Results. The necessary conditions for the sustainable development of modern socie-ty are economic stability and continuous professional growth of the participants of social interactions. Higher education aims to develop students’ hard skills and their soft skills, which are currently referred to as life competencies. The paper reveals the conditions that need to be created within the framework of the educational pro-cess for the graduates to meet the requirements of the labor market. The work de-scribes the tendencies and the potentials of the higher educational system to provide its graduates with appropriate career trajectories. The ongoing transformation of the Russian educational system carried out according to current requirements of the society, contributes to the relevance of this study. The results of the research can be applied in teaching process at higher educational establishments.
INFOGRAPHICS AS A METHOD OF VISUALIZING DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL CONTENT
Authors: Alekseeva Elena E.
Published: September 2023

Purpose. The article is devoted to the topic of effective use of visualization of digital educational content in the educational process, relevant in the conditions of the modern digital educational environment. The subject of the analysis is infographics as a method of visualizing digital educational content. The author aims to reveal the potential of using infographics in the educational process, working with digital content, as a way of accessible explanation of complex, voluminous information.

Methodology. The basis of the research is formed by the methods of studying and analyzing publications, which consider aspects of this problem, summarizing their own experience in using infographics in the educational process, as well as systematizing the studied information.

Results. The advantages of digital educational content visualization are described and the criteria for evaluating educational infographics are highlighted.

Practical implications. The results obtained can be applied in higher and secondary school didactics.
ESSENTIAL GENERALIZATION OF THE RESULTS OF THE EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON THE FORMATION OF THE READINESS OF FUTURE LAWYERS FOR LAW-MAKING ACTIVITIES
Authors: Naumova Lyudmila Yu.
Published: September 2023

Relevance. The article interprets the results of an empirical study on the formation of the readiness of future lawyers for law-making activities based on the use of pedagogical stimulation methods and the introduction of developed pedagogical support, means, conditions and methods into educational activities. The training of future qualified lawyers is carried out in educational institutions of higher education, where a psychological and pedagogical process is built to form their readiness for law-making activities. The criteria for assessing the level of formation of the readiness of future lawyers for law-making activities in the course of the empirical study were: cognitive-legal; orientation-value; activity-creative. The criteria levels were familiarization-informational, professionally necessary, optimally sufficient. The use of these criteria for diagnostic purposes allows for a comprehensive assessment of the readiness of future lawyers for law-making activities.

Materials and methods. As a methodological and practical tool for assessing the readiness of future lawyers for law-making activities, author’s questionnaires, testing, analysis of the results of extracurricular activities, academic performance and involvement in scientific research by students were used.

The purpose of this study is to present and analyze the empirical data obtained during the pedagogical experiment on pedagogical stimulation of the formation of the readiness of future lawyers for law-making activities.

The hypothesis of the study was the assumption that the consistent development and implementation of psychological and pedagogical support, conditions and means, as well as diagnostic criteria in educational activities will successfully stimulate the readiness of future lawyers for law-making activities.

Research results. The data obtained as a result of the introduction of the developed conditions and means of pedagogical stimulation, as well as those obtained in the course of diagnostics during an empirical study, after appropriate adjustments to the content of education, confirm with a high degree of certainty the hypothesis of the study that the introduction of pedagogical support, conditions and means will be effective, and statistical processing of the obtained results testifies to their significance.
Russian New Martyry as a Factor of Identity and Communication of Generations of the Russian People
Authors: Masayev M. , Lykova N.
Published: September 2023

In modern cultural thought, the use of the concept of "cultural identity" has become quite frequent. At the same time, this concept is currently very ambiguous, which is due to a wide range of problems considered within the framework of the topic of cultural identity, since each of the fields of humanitarian knowledge characterizes this phenomenon in its own way, from the standpoint of this particular science. This study highlights some aspects according to a number of opinions of authoritative authors in the phenomenon of new martyrdom from the point of culturological view. At the same time, it is emphasized that the relevance of the issue lies not only in the fact that we cannot bypass the phenomenon of new martyrdomas a retrospection of a metahistorical response to the spiritual challenges of the Great Russian revolution. This problem, from the perspective of the cultural dimension of the phenomenon of Russian New Martyrdom, has practically not been studied in such a formulation of the question.
Operational Risk Management: Optimal Inspection Policy
Authors: Kim Youngsoo , Xu Yuqian
Published: September 2023

Major banks around the world lost nearly $210 billion during the period of 2011–2016 due to operational risk events. To mitigate the severe consequences that can arise from such events, the Basel Regulatory Committee has mandated that financial institutions worldwide conduct inspections on operational risk. In light of the importance of operational risk and its current regulation in the industry, this paper proposes a continuous-time principal-agent model that explores the optimal inspection policy of a financial firm (principal) and the effort of its employees (agent) to reduce the occurrence of risk events. First, we characterize the optimal inspection strategy under two commonly used policies in practice, namely random and periodic policies. This characterization reveals the conditions for two different modes of inspection (effort inducement and error correction), as well as the nuanced interactions among the inspection frequency, the penalty charged for errors, and the wage paid to employees. Next, by comparing random and periodic policies, we find that the random policy outperforms the periodic policy if and only if the inspection cost is high. Furthermore, we propose a hybrid policy that strictly dominates the random policy and weakly dominates the periodic policy, suggesting that a proper reduction of the random element in the inspection policy, in the manner of our proposed hybrid policy, can always improve its performance. Finally, we examine the complete information benchmark (without moral hazard), supplemental mitigation strategies, and numerical studies to provide further insights and show the robustness of our main findings.

This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.

Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.00322 .
Community water fluoridation and the benefits for adults
Authors: Walmsley A Damien , Jones Colwyn M , Morris A John
Published: September 2023

While community water fluoridation (CWF) is widely endorsed by public health bodies around the world as an effective and safe public health measure to reduce levels of tooth decay, much of the evidence underpinning this, and therefore much of the stated rationale, is centred on the benefits for children, despite dental caries in adults being a significant public health problem. In this article, we explore why this is and what the available evidence tells us about the impact of CWF on adults.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Fluoridation is an issue to consider when risk-assessing patients of all ages for dental caries.
Pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption: case report
Authors: Ondhia Amrisha , Eissa Nader , Chaudhary Mohsin
Published: September 2023

This case describes the presentation of pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption affecting multiple permanent teeth in an 11-year-old female child. Pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption is a lesion that is often located within the dentine, adjacent to the enamel–dentine junction in the occlusal face of the tooth crown. Histological reports have shown the presence of resorptive cells in these lesions. Previous literature presents cases usually affecting a single tooth, in this case 10 permanent teeth were found to be affected. Clinicians should be aware of this diagnosis and its treatment modalities to ensure appropriate management is carried out.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This case highlights pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption for clinicians based in both primary and secondary care settings
Multiple supernumerary teeth: a sign of an underlying syndrome?
Authors: Amin Nima , Parker K , Acharya P
Published: September 2023

Supernumerary teeth can be an important sign for early diagnosis of an underlying syndrome, and in some circumstances, may be one of the only presenting features. Dentists are best placed to detect supernumerary teeth and therefore, it is important to understand the syndromes associated with them to aid early diagnosis of any associated syndromes. Craniofacial, ophthalmological and gastro-intestinal findings are just a few of the characteristics that may cause a dentist to suspect an underlying genetic disorder. Although it is not within the scope for dentists to diagnose these rare associated syndromes, early referral to the general medical practitioner may in turn help patients access the interdisciplinary management they may need.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: An awareness of the signs and symptoms of syndromes associated with supernumerary teeth can aid early diagnosis.
Use of thoracic ultrasound to investigate respiratory disease: an update
Authors: Johns Imogen
Published: September 2023

Ultrasonographic examination of the adult or foal thorax can be used to identify both pleural and parenchymal lesions. Whilst perhaps most useful for the identification, quantification and characterisation of pleural fluid, abnormalities within the pulmonary parenchyma can be visualised as long as the lesion is peripheral enough to result in a lack of aeration of the normal visceral pleural surface. Ultrasonographic examination is indicated in the investigation of suspected respiratory disease in foals and horses. In animals with suspected intrathoracic disease, ultrasound can be used to identify pleural effusion, pneumothorax, rib fractures, pulmonary parenchymal disease, diaphragmatic hernias and other miscellaneous conditions.
Fractured teeth in equids
Authors: Reardon Richard
Published: September 2023

Dental fractures are common in equids; in some cases, they result in no apparent clinical problems, while in others they can lead to endodontic infection resulting in clinical sequelae. Causes of dental fractures are not always easy to elucidate, but can include external trauma, structural weakening because of endodontic or infundibular disease, iatrogenic and idiopathic causes. Appropriate management of fractured teeth is reliant on a good understanding of dental anatomy and physiology. Investigation should include determining which parts of the tooth are involved in the fracture, how the body has responded to the dental insult as well as the age of the animal and the chronicity of the fracture. Treatment options include endodontic procedures (both vital and non-vital), restorative therapies, tooth extraction and careful proactive monitoring.
EquineReview
Authors: Crabtree James
Published: September 2023

Introduction:

For this edition of the Equine Review, the author has selected three interesting and clinically relevant abstracts that were presented at the 13th International Symposium on Equine Reproduction in Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil on the 10–14th July 2023, published in the Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, volume 125, June 2023; accessible at https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-equine-veterinary-science/vol/125/suppl/C .
BİR TERAPİ ODASI SİMÜLASYONU OLARAK GÜLSEREN BUDAYICIOĞLU EVRENİ DRAMALARI
Authors: BAL Zeynep Ekin , PARLAYANDEMİR Gizem
Published: September 2023

Televizyon dramaları toplumsal dönüşümlerden ve popüler kültürden etkilenmektedir. Anlatılar da psikolojiden neredeyse başlangıcından beri beslenmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra gerek psikolojinin popülerleşmesi gerekse dünya yazınında Irvin Yalom ve Türkiye’de Gülseren Budayıcıoğlu gibi örneklerle psikolojinin kitleselleşmesi, televizyon dramalarında da terapinin görünürlüğünün artmasını sağlamıştır. Bu artış; bir yanıyla sinemada ve televizyonda terapiyi merkezine alan veya içeren anlatıların terapötik potansiyel taşıması nedeniyle toplumun sağaltılması noktasında bir fırsat olarak görülebilecek olması ile birlikte temsil noktasındaki tartışmaları da arttırmıştır. Bu çalışmada psikiyatrist Gülseren Budayıcıoğlu’nun romanlarından uyarlanan ve onun danışmanlığında gerçekleştirilen televizyon dramalarından, içinde terapi ve terapistin yer bulduğu, İstanbullu Gelin, Doğduğun Ev Kaderindir, Kırmızı Oda, Masumlar Apartmanı ve Çöp Adam dramalarındaki söylem ve temsiller betimsel analiz yöntemiyle tartışılmıştır. Bu temsili terapi süreciyle birlikte karakterler toplumun bir parçası olarak değil, bütün çevresel etkilerden bağımsız bir kendilik ve aile bütünlüğü içerisinde ele alınmaktadır. Birey bütünden ayrıksı bir parçadır. Dramaların kendi içindeki etkileşimleri de göz önünde bulundurulduğunda bütün anlatıların kurmaca bir transmedya evreninin parçası olarak değerlendirilebileceği görülmüştür. Bütün içerikler aynı dünyaya hizmet etmekte, benzer bir söylemi yeniden üretmektedir. İncelenen dramalarda toplumu terapiye gitme konusunda teşvik edici bir boyut olabilse de anlatıların genel itibariyle terapötik bir sağaltım üretmediği, kullanılan anlatı biçemi ve müzikle katharsis sağladığından bahsedilebilir.
Écrire comme marchent les mouettes : Écologie et sociologie du geste chez Marcel Proust
Authors: Stücklin Lancelot
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Dans le roman À l'ombre des jeunes filles en fleurs , la saison estivale et la vie au bord de mer provoquent un relâchement des mœurs au travers duquel les distinctions traditionnelles de la société fin-de-siècle s'allègent et s'assouplissent. Entre les personnages qui se promènent le long de la mer et constituent une communauté en perpétuelle évolution, gestes, postures, degré de tonicité corporelle s'associent pour renverser les anciennes hiérarchies sociales. Cet article vise à mettre en lumière la valeur intersubjective, politique et sociale de la description des gestes du corps chez Marcel Proust ainsi que la participation active de la part du lecteur qui en résulte.
Character Ecologies in Zola's Rougon-Macquart : Beyond Heredity, Beyond Metaphor
Authors: Haklin Kathryn A.
Published: September 2023

Abstract: This article reframes Zola's character networks in the Rougon-Macquart as ecologies. By comparing episodes of transgression in La curée and La faute de l'abbé Mouret , I demonstrate how characters become fused with plants and gardens in each novel, forming a singular, merged entity. Consequently, I argue that narrative setting not merely serves as a location in which a story unfolds, but rather is endowed with a human-like agency. The alliance between character and environment therefore urges a reexamination of the writer's conception of milieu , which expands to include an ecological dimension, alongside the social and hereditary.
Mute Peal: The Queer Sonic Dynamics of Murmurs in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
Authors: Lakoff Jeremy
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Joyce's use of free-indirect style in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man means that the narrative is filtered and distorted through Stephen's faltering and peculiar sensory perceptions. While Stephen's sight, touch, and smell have attracted scholarly attention, little has been said about the ways through which he hears his surroundings. This essay posits that sound, with its capacity to penetrate and resonate within the subject, plays an important role in shaping Stephen's sensorium and thus the novel's atmosphere. Moreover, Joyce's exploration of different registers of sound—especially the murmur—is a vehicle for mapping the flow and repression of Stephen's muffled and muted psychosexual energies, as well as those of the society around him. Uncertain, indistinct, and transgressive murmurs echo throughout the novel, calling into question the normative stability of the self, the clarity of desire, and the revelatory power of confession. Ultimately, this reading suggests a new axis along which to analyze literary representations of sensation: that of intensity, dynamics, and register.
Isaiah and the Issue of Genre in the Chronicle of Pseudo-Joshua the Stylite
Authors: Wolfe James C.
Published: September 2023

Abstract: This article seeks to elucidate the thesis and literary programme of the Chronicle of Pseudo-Joshua the Stylite, which was written in Syriac in Edessa by an anonymous author sometime in the first two decades of the sixth century during the reign of the Roman emperor Anastasius. To do so, it examines how the anonymous author situates events in the Chronicle against historical and theological precedent from the book of Isaiah, through both implicit allusions and explicit references. It suggests that the creation of this inter-text between the Chronicle and the book of Isaiah was intended to function as both a model of and model for the harmonization of local history with the much larger trajectories of salvation history and the history of the late Roman empire. It argues, therefore, that the Chronicle represents one of the many ways in which late antique Syriac writers negotiated not only their place in the late Roman empire but also their place in contemporary Roman literary discourses. As a result, its ultimate contention is that the Chronicle is an example of the trend of "theological Roman patriotism" found in other historiographical texts written in Greek and Latin from the eastern empire in the sixth century.
The Classical Canon and its Uses in Late Late Antiquity: 600–775 CE
Authors: Herren Michael W.
Published: September 2023

Abstract: This essay has two essential aims. The first is to provide an overview of classical Latin texts known in Western Europe ca. 600–ca. 775 ce. The second is to establish what classical works were favored and formed literary tastes and literary techniques. The survey concentrates on a few regions and several influential writers of late Late Antiquity. It draws evidence from dated manuscripts, book-lists, glossaries, and quotations to provide a rounded picture of the literary culture of western Europe in those years. Using the terms Old Canon (works written 200 bce–150 ce) and New Canon (works written 150–550 ce), evidence shows that few Old Canon works were copied or read in comparison to New Canon works. By contrast, some New Canon works were received in the seventh century and copied and commented in profusion from the late eighth century onwards. Although book production was determined chiefly by the principle of utility, selecting works essential to Bible study, reading tastes tell a different story. Some "elite" authors imbibed New Canon writings and imitated their techniques, including narrative structure, forgery, parody, and satire. The essay invites a re-evaluation of the literary culture of the years 600–ca. 775 ce.
Towards quantum telescopes: demonstration of a two-photon interferometer for precision astrometry
Authors: Crawford Jesse , Dolzhenko Denis , Keach Michael , Mueninghoff Aaron , Abrahao Raphael A. , Martinez-Rincon Julian , Stankus Paul , Vintskevich Stephen , Nomerotski Andrei
Published: September 2023

Classical optical interferometry requires maintaining live, phase-stable links between telescope stations. This requirement greatly adds to the cost of extending to long baseline separations and limits on baselines will in turn limit the achievable angular resolution. Here we describe a novel type of two-photon interferometer for astrometry, which uses photons from two separate sky sources and does not require an optical link between stations. Such techniques may make large increases in interferometric baselines practical, even by orders of magnitude, with a corresponding improvement in astrometric precision benefiting numerous fields in astrophysics. We tested a benchtop analogue version of the two-source interferometer and unambiguously observe correlated behavior in detections of photon pairs from two thermal light sources, in agreement with theoretical predictions. This work opens new possibilities in future astronomical measurements.
Gallium arsenide whispering gallery mode resonators for terahertz photonics
Authors: Suresh Mallika Irene , Schwefel Harald G. L. , Vogt Dominik Walter
Published: September 2023

As the field of terahertz (THz) photonics advances, we present a monolithic gallium arsenide (GaAs) disk-shaped whispering gallery mode resonator that has potential as a component in THz nonlinear optics. GaAs is a material with significant optical nonlinearity which can be enhanced when the crystal is shaped into a microdisk resonator. A 4-mm-disk-resonator was fabricated using single-point diamond turning and was characterized to obtain a quality (Q) factor of 2.21k at ∼150 GHz and 1.41k at ∼300 GHz. We also demonstrated the blue-shifting of up to ∼0.3 GHz of the THz modes using a block of metal. This post-fabrication degree of freedom could be useful for phase-matching requirements for nonlinear optical processes, such as detection based on optical up-conversion of THz radiation. This proof-of-concept demonstration can pave the way for the implementation of a compact, tunable and efficient device which could be integrated into nonlinear photonic platforms for THz generation, manipulation and detection.
High sensitivity composite F-P cavity fiber optic sensor based on MEMS for temperature and salinity measurement of seawater
Authors: Xue Ding , Zhang Hongxia , Wang Shuang , Li Hongzhi , Jiang Junfeng , Jia Dagong , Liu Tiegen
Published: September 2023

We proposed an optical fiber salinity sensor with a composite Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavity structure for simultaneous measurement of temperature and salinity based on microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology. The sensor contains two sensing cavities. The silicon cavity is used for temperature sensing, and the seawater cavity processed by the glass microstructure is sensitive to the refractive index of seawater for salinity sensing. At the same time, the influence of the salinity-temperature cross-sensitivity error of the seawater cavity is effectively compensated by using the temperature single parameter sensitivity characteristics of the silicon cavity. The structural design of the sensor seawater cavity includes a cross-shaped groove and a cylindrical fluid cavity. The surface hydrophilicity treatment was performed on the interior of the cavity to solve the effect of no water injection in the cavity caused by the miniaturization of the sensor. The optical path difference (OPD) demodulation method is used to demodulate the two F-P cavities with large dynamic range and high resolution. In the range of 5∼40°C and 5∼ 40 ‰, the temperature and salinity sensitivity of the sensor can reach 110.25 nm/°C and 178.75 nm/‰, respectively, and the resolution can reach 5.02 × 10−3°C and 0.0138‰. It has the advantages of mass production, high stability, and small size, which give it great potential for marine applications.
Suppressing turbulence-induced laser beam wandering by using an axicon
Authors: Zeng Tao , Gui Ya , Guo Jiewei , Guo Lanjun
Published: September 2023

Laser beam wandering induced by air turbulence could be crucial for applications such as free-space optical communications, LIDAR, and remote air lasing. In this study, the influence of air turbulence on the transverse wandering of a Gauss laser beam with and without an axicon as the focusing optical component has been investigated. It has been demonstrated that the turbulence-induced beam wandering could be dramatically suppressed by using an axicon. Further, the corresponding mechanism has been discussed. This work would bring great benefits to many practical applications relying on a stable laser beam in a turbulent atmosphere.
Switchable whispering gallery mode lasing via phase transition
Authors: Tong Junhua , Ge Kun , Xu Zhiyang , Zhai Tianrui
Published: September 2023

Combining phase-transition materials with optical microcavities may advance the applications of whispering-gallery mode (WGM) lasing in performance customization, sensing, and optical switching. In this study, switchable WGM lasing based on phase transition is reported. The device is designed by introducing the phase-transition hydrogel into the capillary microcavity. After approaching the phase-transition point in hydrogel, the number of WGM lasing modes decreases sharply with a significant blueshift in the wavelength. The phenomenon is caused by the increase in light scattering and decrease in effective refractive index of the device. Furthermore, single-mode lasing is obtained by manipulating the phase transition, which exhibits superior reversibility. This study may pave the way for designing and multifunctioning of novel WGM lasing in photonic devices.
Einsatz von Cloud-Technologien und -ressourcen in der Co-Simulation
Authors: Wack Thorsten , Schröder Andreas
Published: September 2023

Schnell veränderliche (gesetzliche) Rahmenbedingungen, volatile Märkte und immer stärker ausgeprägte Cross-industrielle Netzwerke machen den Einsatz von computergestützten Simulations- und Optimierungslösungen notwendig. Oftmals stellen die beteiligten Komponentenlieferanten ihre Teilmodelle jedoch nur als Black-Box bereit, um ihr geistige Eigentum zu schützen. In diesem Fall ist im Rahmen der Systemintegration eine monolithische Berechnung des Gesamtsystems nicht mehr möglich. Hier kann die Methode der Co-Simulation entscheidend weiterhelfen, mögliche Betriebszustände und Optima effizient zu ermitteln.

Im vorliegenden Artikel wird beschrieben, wie diese Methode unter Einsatz von Multi-Cloud-Technologien und -Ressourcen in einem skalierbaren System implementiert wurde. Dabei werden sowohl Privacy-Aspekte der beteiligten Akteure als auch eine optimale Ausnutzung lokaler und in der Cloud verfügbarer Ressourcen unter Berücksichtigung von Performance- und Kostenaspekten betrachtet. Der Einsatz der ausgewählten Technologien erlaubt es, eine Vielzahl an Berechnungen parallel durchzuführen und so komplexe Parameterräume durch entsprechende Variationsrechnungen in kürzester Zeit abzutasten.
Digitalisierungsaktivitäten der DAX40-Unternehmen
Authors: Pfister Matthias , Pantani Kristopher
Published: September 2023

Die vorliegende Studie widmet sich der Untersuchung der Berichterstattung über die digitale Transformation der DAX40-Unternehmen mittels einer deduktiven Inhaltsanalyse von Geschäftsberichten. Das Ziel der Studie besteht darin, Einblicke in den Fortschritt und die strategischen Ansätze der Unternehmen bei der digitalen Transformation zu gewinnen. Zur Durchführung der Studie wurden die Geschäftsberichte der DAX40-Unternehmen mithilfe fortschrittlicher Textanalysemethoden auf spezifische Schlüsselwörter und Indikatoren hin untersucht, um relevante Informationen zur digitalen Transformation zu extrahieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die meisten DAX40-Unternehmen die digitale Transformation als strategischen Schwerpunkt erkannt haben, wobei branchenbezogene Unterschiede bestehen. Dabei konzentrieren sie sich in unterschiedlichem Maße auf Aspekte wie die Automatisierung, Vernetzung, digitalen Kundenzugang sowie die Nutzung digitaler Daten.
Innovationstrends bei Cloud-Services – Analyse der internationalen Patentaktivitäten
Authors: Fritz Theresa , Saiger Daniel , Burr Wolfgang
Published: September 2023

Der Einsatz von Cloud-Computing bietet Unternehmen durch die Virtualisierung von Rechenressourcen in Verbindung mit dem Zugriff über das Internet eine Vielzahl neuer Möglichkeiten. Innovative digitale Dienstleistungen können in Form von Cloud-Services genutzt und angeboten werden. Infolge wurden die Entwicklung von Cloud-Diensten in den letzten Jahren stark vorangetrieben und eine Vielzahl von Patenten angemeldet. Neben dem Schutz vor Nachahmung dienen Patente auch als Informationsquelle für technisches Wissen sowie zur Identifikation und Früherkennung von Trends. Für die Analyse der geografischen Innovationstrends im Bereich Cloud-Services werden demzufolge Patentdaten herangezogen und die Patentaktivitäten der Länder näher untersucht. Die Verwendung von Patentdaten als Indikator für Innovationsaktivitäten zeigt, dass auf geografischer Ebene neben den USA die asiatischen Länder, hier insbesondere China, als Innovationstreiber einzustufen sind. China weist dabei aufgrund staatlicher Anreize die höchste Patentaktivität auf. Die asiatischen Länder, insbesondere China, sind somit neben den USA als Innovationstreiber im Bereich Cloud-Services zu identifizieren.
Interventions to increase help-seeking for mental health care in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review
Authors: van den Broek Myrthe , Gandhi Yashi , Sureshkumar Diliniya Stanislaus , Prina Matthew , Bhatia Urvita , Patel Vikram , Singla Daisy R. , Velleman Richard , Weiss Helen A. , Garg Ankur , Sequeira Miriam , Pusdekar Veera , Jordans Mark J. D. , Nadkarni Abhijit
Published: September 2023

Mental health problems are a significant and growing cause of morbidity worldwide. Despite the availability of evidence-based interventions, most people experiencing mental health problems remain untreated. This treatment gap is particularly large in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and is due to both supply-side and demand-side barriers. The aim of this systematic review is to identify and synthesise the evidence on interventions to improve help-seeking for mental health problems in LMICs. The protocol was registered a priori (Registration number: CRD42021255635). We searched eight databases using terms based on three concepts: ‘mental health/illness’ AND ‘help-seeking’ AND ‘LMICs’; and included all age groups and mental health problems. Forty-two papers were eligible and included in this review. Intervention components were grouped into three categories following the steps in the help-seeking process: (1) raising mental health awareness among the general population (e.g., distribution of printed or audio-visual materials), (2) identification of individuals experiencing mental health problems (e.g., community-level screening or detection), and (3) promoting help-seeking among people in need of mental health care (e.g., sending reminders). The majority of interventions (80%) included components in a combination of the aforementioned categories. Most studies report positive outcomes, yet results on the effectiveness is mixed, with a clear trend in favour of interventions with components from more than one category. Ten out of 42 studies (24%) yielded a statistically significant effect of the intervention on help-seeking; and all targeted a combination of the aforementioned categories (i.e., raising awareness, identification and help-seeking promotion). Only six studies (14%) focused on children and adolescents. Due to the limited number of robust studies done in LMICs and the heterogeneity of study designs, outcomes and components used, no definite conclusions can be drawn with regards to the effects of individual strategies or content of the interventions.
Preliminary characterization of Plasmodium vivax sporozoite antigens as pre-erythrocytic vaccine candidates
Authors: Nicholas Justin , De Sai Lata , Thawornpan Pongsakorn , Brashear Awtum M. , Kolli Surendra Kumar , Subramani Pradeep Annamalai , Barnes Samantha J. , Cui Liwang , Chootong Patchanee , Ntumngia Francis Babila , Adams John H.
Published: September 2023

Plasmodium vivax pre-erythrocytic (PE) vaccine research has lagged far behind efforts to develop Plasmodium falciparum vaccines. There is a critical gap in our knowledge of PE antigen targets that can induce functionally inhibitory neutralizing antibody responses. To overcome this gap and guide the selection of potential PE vaccine candidates, we considered key characteristics such as surface exposure, essentiality to infectivity and liver stage development, expression as recombinant proteins, and functional immunogenicity. Selected P. vivax sporozoite antigens were surface sporozoite protein 3 (SSP3), sporozoite microneme protein essential for cell traversal (SPECT1), sporozoite surface protein essential for liver-stage development (SPELD), and M2 domain of MAEBL. Sequence analysis revealed little variation occurred in putative B-cell and T-cell epitopes of the PE candidates. Each antigen was tested for expression as refolded recombinant proteins using an established bacterial expression platform and only SPELD failed. The successfully expressed antigens were immunogenic in vaccinated laboratory mice and were positively reactive with serum antibodies of P. vivax-exposed residents living in an endemic region in Thailand. Vaccine immune antisera were tested for reactivity to native sporozoite proteins and for their potential vaccine efficacy using an in vitro inhibition of liver stage development assay in primary human hepatocytes quantified on day 6 post-infection by high content imaging analysis. The anti-PE sera produced significant inhibition of P. vivax sporozoite invasion and liver stage development. This report provides an initial characterization of potential new PE candidates for a future P. vivax vaccine.
A 3D printed electronic wearable device to generate vertical, horizontal and phono-articulatory jaw movement parameters: A concept implementation
Authors: Farook Taseef Hasan , Ahmed Saif , Talukder Md Shoriful Islam , Dudley James
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The current research aimed to develop a concept open-source 3D printable, electronic wearable head gear to record jaw movement parameters.

Materials & methods

A 3D printed wearable device was designed and manufactured then fitted with open-source sensors to record vertical, horizontal and phono-articulatory jaw motions. Mean deviation and relative error were measured invitro. The device was implemented on two volunteers for the parameters of maximum anterior protrusion (MAP), maximum lateral excursion (MLE), normal (NMO), and maximum (MMO) mouth opening and fricative phono-articulation. Raw data was normalized using z-score and root mean squared error (RMSE) values were used to evaluate relative differences in readings across the two participants.

Results

RMSE differences across the left and right piezoresistive sensors demonstrated near similar bilateral movements during normal (0.12) and maximal mouth (0.09) opening for participant 1, while varying greatly for participant 2 (0.25 and 0.14, respectively). There were larger differences in RMSE during accelerometric motion in different axes for MAP, MLE and Fricatives.

Conclusion

The current implementation demonstrated that a 3D printed electronic wearable device with open-source sensor technology can record horizontal, vertical, and phono-articulatory maxillomandibular movements in two participants. However, future efforts must be made to overcome the limitations documented within the current experiment.
The impact of meteorological parameters on the number of applications to the emergency department with acute urticaria: A retrospective study
Authors: Delice Orhan , Güçlü Utlu Sibel , Arslan Şenol , Doru Halil Ibrahim , Daş Murat
Published: September 2023

The study aimed to investigate the relationship between the patients who applied to the emergency department with acute urticarial and meteorological factors and determine the associated weather conditions. The relationship between acute urticaria patients who applied to the emergency department of a training and research hospital in a city with high altitude and continental climate characteristics in the eastern part of Turkey between January 2019 and December 2019 and meteorological data was evaluated retrospectively. The necessary data for the weather were obtained from the data of the Erzurum Meteorology Directorate, and the patient data were obtained from the hospital information management system and patient files. The meteorological data of the patients at the date of admission and the characteristics of the patients at that date were compared. The study identified 691 patients who applied to the emergency department diagnosed with urticaria in 2019. According to the seasons, it was observed that the patients applied most frequently in the summer months [n = 239; 34.6%]. In the univariable regression model, which was created by taking the values of weather events as a reference on the days when the urticaria presentation was not observed (Group I), it was determined that every 1-hour increase in the sunshine hour increased the probability of urticaria by 7.4% (p = 0.018). When the meteorological parameters on the days without urticaria (Group I) and the days with urticaria presentation (Group II) were compared, the sunshine hours were 7.9 (4.0–10.6) hours in Group II and 6.65 (3.3–8.85) hours in Group I (p = 0.001). Regarding relative humidity, higher humidity rates were observed in Group I compared to Group II (p = 0.009). In terms of mean temperature, daily maximum, and minimum temperature, higher temperature rates were detected in Group II (p<0.001). A relationship was determined between urticaria attacks and relative humidity and daily maximum and minimum temperature in patients who applied to the emergency department with acute urticaria.
Wikipedia as a tool for contemporary history of science: A case study on CRISPR
Authors: Benjakob Omer , Guley Olha , Sevin Jean-Marc , Blondel Leo , Augustoni Ariane , Collet Matthieu , Jouveshomme Louise , Amit Roy , Linder Ariel , Aviram Rona
Published: September 2023

Rapid developments and methodological divides hinder the study of how scientific knowledge accumulates, consolidates and transfers to the public sphere. Our work proposes using Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia, as a historiographical source for contemporary science. We chose the high-profile field of gene editing as our test case, performing a historical analysis of the English-language Wikipedia articles on CRISPR. Using a mixed-method approach, we qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed the CRISPR article’s text, sections and references, alongside 50 affiliated articles. These, we found, documented the CRISPR field’s maturation from a fundamental scientific discovery to a biotechnological revolution with vast social and cultural implications. We developed automated tools to support such research and demonstrated its applicability to two other scientific fields–coronavirus and circadian clocks. Our method utilizes Wikipedia as a digital and free archive, showing it can document the incremental growth of knowledge and the manner scientific research accumulates and translates into public discourse. Using Wikipedia in this manner compliments and overcomes some issues with contemporary histories and can also augment existing bibliometric research.
The mechanism and effectiveness of mindfulness-based intervention for reducing the psychological distress of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder: A protocol of randomized control trial of ecological momentary intervention and assessment
Authors: Wang Qi , Ng Siu-man , Zhou Xiaochen
Published: September 2023

Background

Existing studies have unequivocally demonstrated that parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience various stressful daily life events and suffer from psychological distress. Mindfulness level is found to be an effective buffer between parents’ appraisal of stress life events and psychological distress. However, the mechanism behind the function of mindfulness is unclear, and traditional mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) in experimental settings is not tailored to personal real-life needs. This study proposes to conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to examine the effectiveness of MBI delivered by ecological momentary intervention (EMI) and assessed by ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in changing participants’ cognitive appraisal of stressful life events and thus reducing the psychological distress of parents of children with ASD.

Method

The proposed study will recruit 670 parents of children with ASD and randomly assign them to the intervention and control groups (335 in each group). Participants in the intervention group will install the EMI/A app on their smartphones. In the app, participants can receive practice prompts daily, browse and practice different mindfulness exercises in the intervention library at any time, talk to a virtual counselor (chatbot) when feeling stressed, complete EMA on the cognitive appraisal of life events, and receive the log of change of psychological status daily. Participants in the control group will only receive audio-based standardized mindfulness practice instructions three times per week. The effects of MBI will be assessed based on the EMA data, right after the intervention and at the 2-month follow-up. The primary outcome will be participants’ psychological distress measured by the depression anxiety stress scale. The secondary outcomes will include participants’ subjective well-being, measured by the satisfaction with life scale, and level of resilience, measured by the psychological empowerment scale. Multilevel structural equational modelling will be applied to examine the pathways of the relationship between daily life events, cognitive appraisal, and psychological distress.

Discussion

The potential benefit of the proposed study is to increase the psychological well-being of parents of children with ASD, and the method may extend to participants suffering from other psychological issues in the future.

Trial registration: This trial has been registered on clinicaltrials.gov with the ID of NCT05746468.
The extent of nitrogen isotopic fractionation in rumen bacteria is associated with changes in rumen nitrogen metabolism
Authors: Cantalapiedra-Hijar Gonzalo , Martinez-Fernandez Gonzalo , Forano Evelyne , Denman Stuart E. , Morgavi Diego , McSweeney Christopher S.
Published: September 2023

Nitrogen use efficiency is an important index in ruminants and can be indirectly evaluated through the N isotopic discrimination between the animal and its diet (Δ15Nanimal-diet). The concentration and source of N may determine both the extent of the N isotopic discrimination in bacteria and N use efficiency. We hypothesised that the uptake and release of ammonia by rumen bacteria will affect the natural 15N enrichment of the bacterial biomass over their substrates (Δ15Nbacteria-substrate) and thereby further impacting Δ15Nanimal-diet. To test this hypothesis, two independent in vitro experiments were conducted using two contrasting N sources (organic vs inorganic) at different levels either in pure rumen bacteria culture incubations (Experiment #1) or in mixed rumen cultures (Experiment #2). In Experiment #1, tryptone casein or ammonium chloride were tested at low (1 mM N) and high (11.5 mM N) concentrations on three rumen bacterial strains (Fibrobacter succinogenes, Eubacterium limosum and Xylanibacter ruminicola) incubated in triplicate in anaerobic batch monocultures during 48h. In Experiment #2 mixed rumen cultures were incubated during 120 h with peptone or ammonium chloride at five different levels of N (1.5, 3, 4.5, 6 and 12-mM). In experiment #1, Δ15Nbacteria-substrate was lowest when the ammonia-consumer bacterium Fibrobacter succinogenes was grown on ammonium chloride, and highest when the proteolytic bacterial strain Xylanibacter ruminicola was grown on tryptone. In experiment #2, Δ15Nbacteria-substrate was lower with inorganic (ammonium chloride) vs organic (peptone) N source. A strong negative correlation between Δ15Nbacteria-substrate and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, a potential fibrolytic rumen bacterium, was detected. Together, our results showed that Δ15Nbacteria-substrate may change according to the balance between synthesis of microbial protein from ammonia versus non-ammonia N sources and confirm the key role of rumen bacteria as modulators of Δ15Nanimal-diet.