bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A resolved Lyman α profile with doubly peaked emission at z ∼ 7
Authors: Moya-Sierralta C. , González-López J. , Infante L. , Barrientos L. F. , Hu W. , Malhotra S. , Rhoads J. , Wang J. , Wold I. , Zheng Z.
Published: November 2024

Context. The epoch of reionization is a landmark in structure formation and galaxy evolution. How it happened is still not clear, especially regarding which population of objects was responsible for contributing the bulk of ionizing photons to this process. Doubly peaked Lyman-alpha profiles in this epoch are of particular interest since they hold information about the escape of ionizing radiation and the environment surrounding the source.

Aims. We wish to understand the escape mechanisms of ionizing radiation in Lyα emitters during this time and the origin of a doubly peaked Lyman-alpha profile. We also wish to estimate the size of a potential ionized bubble.

Methods. Using radiative transfer models, we fit the line profile of a bright Lyα emitter at z ∼ 6.9 using various gas geometries. The line modeling reveals significant radiation escape from this system.

Results. The studied source shows significant escape (fesc(Lyα) ∼ 0.8, as predicted by the best fitting radiative transfer model) and appears to inhabit an ionized bubble of radius Rb ≈ 0.8−0.3+0.5 pMpc(tage/108)1/3. Radiative transfer modeling predicts the line to be completely redward of the systemic redshift. We suggest the line morphology is produced by inflows, by multiple components emitting Lyα, or by an absorbing component in the red wing.

Conclusions. We propose that CDFS-1’s profile has two red peaks produced by winds within the system. Its high fesc(Lyα) and the low-velocity offset from the systemic redshift suggest that the source is an active ionizing agent. Future observations will reveal whether a peak is present blueward of the systemic redshift or if multiple components produce the profile.
Morphological and Elements of Roadside Dust at Academic Institutions in Perlis
Authors: Azahari Muhammad Amir , Ramli Norazrin , Noor Norazian Mohamed , Mahmad Mohd Khairul Nizam , Monica Matei , Elena Holban , Isabela Sadica
Published: November 2024

This research studied the morphological and elemental composition of roadside dust at an academic institution in Perlis using the Dust Fall Jar method. Samples were collected from three spots, two beside the main road near the academic institution and one in the control environment area, within a radius of 1000 meters as the control spot. Samples were collected for five consecutive days and then analyzed using SEM-EDX. The SEM-EDX analysis revealed that roadside dust particles exhibited varied shapes and uneven surfaces. Plant debris and tire wear have been identified as the sources of fibrous, elongated, and rounded micrometer-sized particles. Minerals, heavy metals, and carbon-containing particles were also found. The SEM-EDX investigation revealed notable elements roadside dust at an academic institution, irregularly shaped particle which might be composed of minerals, soil, or even carbon-containing materials, commonly found in roadside environments. The other element found is aluminum oxide by the characteristic morphology observed in the SEM-EDX image which are elongated, fibrous, cylindrical structures and irregularly shaped particles. This matrix could be composed of various materials, such as other carbon-based materials or inorganic compounds. This study highlights the necessity of implementing efficient environmental management solutions.
Developing Mathematical Models to Study Changes in Groundwater Levels and Salt Concentration
Authors: Daliev Sherzod , Sirojiddinov Fazliddin , Khaitov Oxun
Published: November 2024

Understanding how groundwater and salt concentrations change when freshwater supplies are monitored is crucial. In this work, groundwater fluxes and salt migration were considered when studying groundwater level changes and mineralisation processes. To study salt and water level changes, a more realistic mathematical model was developed to reflect the object’s basic features. To monitor geofiltration and geomigration using mathematical and numerical modelling to provide recommendations, nonlinear differential equations were applied. Scientific research on mathematical and numerical modelling and computer experimentation of the issue is briefly reviewed. Also developed were a mathematical model with two integer-valued boundary conditions and an efficient finite difference numerical approach. Changing groundwater and pressure water levels, filtration permeability, water loss coefficient, and filtration rate connected to water level all affect the environment when building a mathematical model for salt migration filtration. The article predicts groundwater, pore water, and salt concentrations in high- and low- permeability layers. Scientific research on mathematical and numerical modelling and computer experimentation of the issue is briefly reviewed. Also developed were a mathematical model with two integer-valued boundary conditions and an efficient finite difference numerical approach. Changing groundwater and pressure water levels, filtration permeability, water loss coefficient, and filtration rate connected to water level all affect the environment when building a mathematical model for salt migration filtration. This study considered soil density, active porosity, and third-order boundary conditions Open, unlike earlier studies. Since the problem is represented by nonlinear differential equations with free variables, analytical solutions are unattainable. An effective numerical method and a stable implicit system with high-accuracy approximation, finite difference approach, and forward and backward sweep approaches were given to overcome these challenges.
Performance Analysis of Mobile Vertical Burner Using Various Types of Biomass Pellets
Authors: Syahputra Muhammad , Haditanto Maxmillian , Harianto Sugeng , Hajad Makbul , Purwantana Bambang , Karyadi Joko
Published: November 2024

The high availability of biomass waste in the agricultural sector as an energy source promises sustainable energy for drying agriculture product. The low efficiency of air heating of biomass burners due to their separate design from the heat exchanger. This study aims to analyse the effect of various types of biomass pellets on the performance of a mobile vertical burner according to the air heating system efficiency and carbon emission production. This experiment used biomass waste from tea plantations as raw material for the pellets. There are three variations of biomass pellets used in this study: black pellet (A), mixed pellet (B), and white pellet (C). An analysis for the efficiency of the air heating system is conducted at six different heating process levels. The analysis showed that the mobile vertical burner machine can provide up to 1,028 CFM with a temperature of 89.9°C. The highest air heating efficiency is achieved using black pellet [80.6%], followed by mixed pellet [75.2%], and white pellet [71.4%]. Carbon monoxide gas emission production from this machine ranges from 33,6-114,8 ppm. These results indicate that black pellets have the potential to improve air heating efficiency with low gas emission production.
Analysis of soil salinity monitoring in irrigated areas (in case of Shimbay district, Republic of Karakalpakstan)
Authors: Jumaniyazov Ilyaskhoja , Juliev Mukhiddin , Khudaybergenov Yakhshimurad , Jaksibaev Rashid , Orazbaev Azizbek , Amangeldieva Umida
Published: November 2024

Soil salinity increasing is one of the most dangerous factors for food security and ecological conditions in the world and also in Uzbekistan. Currently, salinity affects around 47% of Uzbekistan's irrigated lands. The study area is located in the western part of Uzbekistan and downstream of the Amu Darya River. The satellite images were acquired between the 2015- 2024 years over the 5-year time period. In order to analyse soil salinity was used Normalized Difference Salinity Index (NDSI) by the ArcGIS Pro software and RS data. Especially, slightly saline soils are the biggest occupied land and equal to 30% of the total area of the district, which of 127,735.4 ha. Also, saline soils are the second biggest land class which occupies 28.1% of the total area of the district, of which 119,612.9 ha. Meanwhile, non-saline soils occupied 20.55% of the total area, as well as both strongly saline and extremely saline soils occupied area is 21.34% of the total district of the study area, which is 87456.6 ha with 90827.43 ha.
The effect of fermented poultry manure on the yield and quality parameters of triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) cultivated organic way on acidic sandy soil
Authors: Kosztyuné Krajnyák Edit , Szabó Béla , Kovács Zoltán , Makszim Györgyné Nagy Tímea , Györgyiné Kovács Andrea , Csabai Judit , Abdurahmanov Ilhom , Abdurakhmonov Zoirjon
Published: November 2024

Triticale has been introduced into grain-growing fields and acidic sandy soils among cereals. Extensive breeding has resulted in the development of excellent triticale varieties. In our work, we used the triticale variety GK Maros as the crop, known for its high adaptability and cost- effectiveness in production. This variety's vigorous root and stem growth contributes to its tolerance to drought and heat shock. Our experiment was set up at the University of Nyíregyháza's study farm in 2023/2024, on 10 hectares. The experimental area has been under organic farming since 2015. The manure used in the experiment is a by-product of one of Europe's largest poultry breeding companies, Baromfi Coop Ltd. This granulated organic manure is successfully used in many areas of crop production. Our study aimed to investigate the impact of fermented poultry manure on triticale crops in a large-scale field experiment. Our study focused on overall triticale yield and quality parameters, including protein content, weight per hectare, and gluten content. Our findings show that using poultry manure on sandy soils for triticale production increased yield, although the first year did not show a significant increase. Our research is unique and innovative because it addresses a significant gap in knowledge. While there is extensive research showing the effectiveness of various organic fertilizers, these findings may not be applicable in organic farming, poor soil conditions, and extreme weather conditions. Our experiment aims to bridge this gap in knowledge.
Control of unstable water flow in open channels
Authors: Muhamediyeva Dilnoz , Mamatov Narzillo , Turgunov Bakhodirjon , Yusupova Dilfuza
Published: November 2024

The analysis and modeling of hydrodynamic processes in open channels are crucial for effective water resource management and hydraulic structure design. This study investigates unsteady water flow in main channels using the Saint-Venant equations. Analytical and numerical methods were employed to model various flow scenarios. The developed mathematical model effectively describes and analyzes flow characteristics such as discharge, free surface elevation, and flow velocity. The obtained results have practical applications in water resource management, flood forecasting, and infrastructure design for water conservation. Overall, this work contributes to the advancement of knowledge in open channel hydraulics and provides a basis for developing more accurate and reliable water system modeling methods. These equations allow for the simulation of hydrodynamic processes in rivers, channels, and reservoirs, enabling the prediction of water level fluctuations, flow velocities, and pressure distribution under various operating conditions. This plays a vital role in water resource management and the design of hydraulic structures.
Advantages of determining the area of natural water bodies based on remote sensing and GIS technologies
Authors: Barnokhon Saipova , Gulnoza Khamdamova , Alyona Vodovenko , Vohidjon Niyazov , Ulugbek Raximov , Dildora Djurayeva
Published: November 2024

Investigating natural water bodies and monitoring the expansion or contraction of their area is one of the urgent issues of today. Nowadays, the possibilities of doing this have become easier based on remote sensing and GIS technologies. Using Landsat 1-8 remote sensing data with ArcGIS software is considered effective. The Landsat satellite platform has yielded good results in conducting long-term repetitive monitoring, particularly in determining the area of the Aydarkul-Arnasay-Tuzkan lake system (AATLS), which is the subject of the study. Images from the Landsat 1-8 satellites from the years 1973, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2022 were taken and classified based on unsupervised classification. As a result, analytical digital data on the area changes of the AATLS were generated.
Design of an optimal irrigation system taking into account the characteristics of the earth using simulation-optimization models
Authors: Khakimova Kamola , Mamanazarova Dilobar , Urinova Nilufar , Mamadaminova Bakhtigul , Jumayeva Shoira
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a novel algorithm for the design of an optimal irrigation system, which utilizes land topographic data, specifically digital land surface models (DSMs). The proposed approach incorporates an inter-farm irrigation network map, canal profile, and spatial model of the region as part of the topographic data. By dividing the land into sections with similar topographical characteristics, this method facilitates the identification and optimization of key parameters related to the land and irrigation system, ultimately leading to an optimal design of the irrigation system.
Monitoring and mapping of desertification process using geospatial data and GIS technologies in Mirzachul area
Authors: Abdimuminov Bakhodir , Mamatkulov Zokhid , Allanov Kilich , Abdunazarav Husan , Umarova Mahbuba , Choriev Abdukayim
Published: November 2024

Desertification reduces the land’s ability to withstand changes in climate, including the availability of water and other resources. Remote sensing technology has the potential to monitor and assess land degradation over time. The aim of this study is to use remote sensing images to assess desertification in Uzbekistan and compare the results with formal land productivity monitoring. The Mirzachul area was selected as a case study for monitoring desertification. Landsat images from 1994 to 2024 and the Soil Map of Uzbekistan were used as secondary data to determine the types of soil present in the case study area. The analysis focused on NDVI, SAVI, and WDVI. The results showed a significant difference in sandy bare soil and steppe trends in 1994, with approximately 4.5 million hectares of sandy bare soil and 250,000 hectares of steppe. However, by 2024, the area of sandy bare soil had decreased sharply by about 50% to 1.5 million hectares, while the area of steppe had increased to 2 million hectares.
Mapping the Landscape: A Bibliometric Analysis of Digital Education Research
Authors: Juliev M. , Abdikairov B. , Kholmurodova M. , Djanpulatova Z. , Mingboyeva M. , Makhmudova M.
Published: November 2024

Everyday actions, working settings, and routines—including education—are being rapidly altered by digital media. Learning processes can be supported and enhanced by social media, apps, and computer programs. The COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing social life limitations hastened the transition to the use of digital media in education, particularly for distance learning. In the present research we tried to collect all Scopus- based publications in English for 13 years using digital education as a keyword. We analyzed the most popular journals, top authors, top-cited papers, top countries, and top funding sponsors in the digital education issues worldwide.
Applying the ELSA Framework to Assess Ecosystem Vulnerability in Wetlands of the Aral Sea Region
Authors: Reymov Polat , Khudaybergenov Yakhshimurad , Statov Viktor , Mamutov Nizamatdin
Published: November 2024

Wetlands are vital ecosystems that provide numerous ecological services, including water purification, flood control, and wildlife habitat. However, wetlands are under threat due to human activities and climate change. Accurate mapping and monitoring of wetlands are crucial for effective conservation and management. Remote sensing techniques have revolutionized wetland mapping by providing detailed and up-to-date information on wetland extent, vegetation composition, and hydrological patterns. Wetlands play a crucial role in global ecosystems, providing numerous ecological services such as flood control, water purification, and habitat for diverse flora and fauna. Monitoring of the wetland dynamics are essential for effective conservation and sustainable management. This research paper provides a detailed examination of recent advances in remote sensing research of wetlands, focusing on the utilization of inventory geoecological mapping. Wetland ecosystems are dynamic and sensitive to environmental changes, making their monitoring a challenging but imperative task. Remote sensing technologies offer a unique opportunity to observe and analyze wetland characteristics at various scales. We explore the use of remote sensing in wetlands mapping, highlighting its benefits, challenges, and future prospects with a special emphasis on vulnerability assessment and vulnerability prediction using ELSA (Essential Life Support Area) approach.
"Navigating Innovation: The Experience of Developing the HydroUz Information and Reference System"
Authors: Djumanov Jamoljon , Mirsoatov Alisher , Anorboev Erkin , Mamirov Farrukh , Abdullaev Bakhromjon , Ruziev Ilkhom
Published: November 2024

This article discusses the use of the DotSpatial library to develop a desktop GIS in Visual Studio using the C# language. The library provides features like memory management, security and exception handling etc. The class library provides the developer with libraries for web application development, user interface design, database connectivity, network connectivity etc. The article describes the main working functions of the software for the information and reference system HydroUZ
La médiation technologique à l’ère de l’intelligence artificielle
Authors: Marin Philippe
Published: November 2024

Nous portons dans cet article un regard sur les relations que le concepteur entretient avec son milieu technique, en envisageant le renforcement de la place de l’intelligence artificielle. Il s’agit d’éclairer le rôle des techniques numériques dans les processus de conception. Cela nous permet de formuler des recommandations qui pourraient faciliter l’appropriation inventives des outils et des techniques. L’articulation de la « pensée par le projet » et de la « pensée computationnelle » est envisagée en regardant les modalités de la médiation technologique et en considérant la constitution d’une écologie de la conception. Cette dernière se réalise à travers les interactions entre agents humains et non-humains, à travers les flux informationnels générés et traités par les machines et les algorithmes. Ils enrichissent nos environnements de conception, ils automatisent la production de nos contenus et ils accompagnent la constitution de nos pensées et de nos imaginaires.
Classification automatique d’emprises au sol de maisons dites « andalouses » à l’aide de modèle de Machine Learning
Authors: Ben Zid Afef , Najjar Asma , Hamrouni Imen
Published: November 2024

L’apprentissage automatique (ML) est une branche de l’IA qui utilise des données et des algorithmes pour imiter l’apprentissage humain. Intégrant l’informatique, la robotique et les sciences cognitives, il offre des applications transformatrices dans divers domaines. En architecture du patrimoine, le ML analyse les motifs, les styles et les matériaux pour aider à la préservation. Cet Article présente un modèle de classification basé sur le ML pour l’architecture andalouse en Tunisie et en Espagne, comparant des maisons construites par les Morisques expulsés d’Espagne en 1609 à celles de l’Espagne musulmane médiévale. L’objectif est d’identifier les caractéristiques architecturales distinctives. Les données ont été générées à l’aide d’un algorithme DCGAN, et des modèles ML ont atteint des taux de succès de 87,55% avec k-NN et 84,21% avec SVM. Le modèle montre un potentiel pour des applications plus larges en architecture.
Cadre méthodologique pour la rétroconception paramétrique assistée par intelligence artificielle. Cas des thermes impériaux romains en Afrique du Nord
Authors: Naifer Zaineb , Claeys Damien , Bouaita Karim , Roobaert Louis
Published: November 2024

Un cadre méthodologique de restitution de thermes romains en ruines est proposé et comprend deux phases reposant sur l’application de deux méthodes distinctes : (1) la rétroconception paramétrique du processus de conception des édifices pour identifier des méthodes et des règles permettant de les modéliser, aboutissant à la création d’un modèle paramétrique de jeu de données (PDSM) ; (2) l’intelligence artificielle pour développer un modèle de complétion artificiellement intelligent (AICM), capable de reconstituer des plans fragmentaires. Le cadre méthodologique comprend cinq étapes (analyse des données, prétraitement, choix de l’algorithme, complétion des plans, post-traitement). Deux étapes sont plus particulièrement développées ici : (1) l’analyse des données menant à la création du PDSM ; (2) la sélection de l’algorithme approprié au modèle AICM. Le corpus étudié comprend 29 thermes impériaux romains (23 situés en Afrique du Nord et 6 à Rome), qui présentent des variations quant à l’avancement des fouilles et à la disponibilité documentaire.
La réalité augmentée pour la conservation et la valorisation de l’architecture vernaculaire
Authors: Rhouma Neila
Published: November 2024

Selon « Marvin Minsky (1927-2016), l'un des pères fondateurs de l'intelligence artificielle, […] l'intelligence artificielle (IA) n’est pas une science en tant que telle, mais plusieurs branches qui se sont développées au cours des six dernières décennies : reconnaissance de la parole ou d'images, apprentissage automatique et même jeu [1]». L’ (IA) investie, aujourd’hui, bien des domaines, allant de l’informatique jusqu’à la médecine, tout en passant par l’architecture. Dans ce dernier, elle permet d’automatiser des tâches répétitives et des conceptions, générer des plans d'étage, et résoudre des problèmes complexes. Outre ces tâches, l'IA permet, également, la valorisation et la conservation de l’architecture vernaculaire. Dans ce contexte, nous vous présenterons le projet « Femmes et Artisanat en Média(tisa)tion » (FAM) consacré à la valorisation et la conservation du tissage traditionnel Amazigh du Sud tunisien via la création d’un musée vivant habité par la réalité augmentée. Ce qui suscite bien des questionnements: Comment l’IA permet-elle la réhabilitation de l’architecture vernaculaire? Comment la réalité augmentée contribue-t-elle à la résurrection d’un espace abandonné?
Blutdruckziele bei Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Obermüller Nicholas
Published: November 2024

Bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus, insbesondere vom Typ 2, entwickelt sich vermehrt eine ausgeprägte arterielle Hypertonie – letztlich in bis zu 80 % der Fälle. Die arterielle Hypertonie ist hier also 2–3-mal häufiger als bei Menschen ohne Diabetes. Eine extrazelluläre Volumenausdehnung und eine arterielle Gefäßsteifigkeit sind Hauptfaktoren des Hypertonus in dieser Patientengruppe. Das Therapieziel ist es deshalb, frühzeitig die Hypertonie zu normalisieren. Dabei sollten zudem bestehende oder sich entwickelnde kardiale wie auch zerebrale Schäden sowie eine Niereninsuffizienz und eine Proteinurie optimal behandelt werden. Unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Leitlinien sollte der gewünschte Zielblutdruck bei Personen mit Diabetes im Bereich beziehungsweise bei < 130/80 mmHg liegen, auch bei dem Vorliegen einer chronischen Niereninsuffizienz und einer relevanten Protein­urie. Darüber hinaus sind gezielte Lebens-Stil-Interventionen und eine effektive antidiabetische Therapie anzustreben. Inhibitoren der Natrium-Glukose-Kotransporter 2 (SGLT-2: Sodium Glucose Linked Transporter-2) sind Bestandteil der Diabetestherapie, haben gewisse antihypertensive Eigenschaften und sind nephroprotektiv. Hemmer des Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-Systems (RAAS) in ausreichender Dosierung sind ein primärer Bestandteil der medikamentösen antihypertensiven Therapie, kombiniert mit einem Diuretikum oder/und einem Kalziumantagonisten. Oft müssen Medikamente aus anderen Substanzklassen ergänzt werden. In der klinischen Praxis sind ein sehr hohes und junges Alter, Begleit­erkrankungen, Hypotonieneigung und Klimaveränderungen zu berücksichtigen.
In Silico Identification of Promising PDE5 Inhibitors Against
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among Natural Derivatives: A Study Involving Docking
and ADMET Analysis
Authors: Kumar Anil , Rajput Dharmendra , Gupta Naveen , Singh Harpreet , Chopra Shivani , Chopra Hitesh
Published: November 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a significant worldwide health
challenge due to its high mortality rate, underscoring the need for advanced
therapeutic strategies. This study employs a computer-based method to identify
potential phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors from a library of approved
IBS_Scaff 532 natural compounds. PDE5 inhibitors have gained attention for their
potential anti-tumor effects. Using molecular docking simulations, the
researchers assessed how well these compounds bind to the PDE5 enzyme, which
regulates cellular cGMP pathways. Additionally, ADMET profiling predicted the
pharmacological and safety properties of candidate inhibitors. Notably,
compounds like IBS_NC-0322 and IBS_NC-0320 exhibited favorable ADMET properties
and strong binding affinities. These findings suggest their potential as
therapeutic agents for treating HCC. While in silico methods serve as valuable
screening tools, subsequent experimental validation and clinical trials are
essential for confirmation.
Strategies and Management for Psychiatric Drug Withdrawal: A
Systematic Review of Case Reports and Series
Authors: Eserian Jaqueline K. , Blanco Vinícius P. , Mercuri Lucildes P. , Matos Jivaldo R. , Kalleian Eugênia A. , Galduróz José C. F.
Published: November 2024

In recent years, an increasing number of case reports on psychiatric drug
withdrawal have emerged, offering detailed clinical insights and valuable
real-world evidence on the withdrawal process. The objective of this review was
to evaluate the strategies and management for withdrawing psychiatric drugs, as
detailed in case reports and series. A systematic review of case reports and
series published between 2013 and 2023 was conducted to capture the latest
trends in psychiatric drug withdrawal. Cases were identified following the
PRISMA guidelines by searching electronic databases Medline and Scopus. Finally,
47 case reports and series were included. The primary reason for drug withdrawal
was attributed to the emergence of adverse events, followed by medication
dependence or abuse, and clinical decision-making or symptom resolution. Gradual
reduction of doses was implemented through various management approaches as the
primary strategy for drug withdrawal, and drug substitution emerged as the
second most employed strategy. Also, patients were mostly undergoing
polypharmacy. Favorable treatment outcomes were reported in the majority of
cases, suggesting that psychiatric drug withdrawal is feasible – though quite
challenging in some situations. However, the remarkably low number of
unsuccessful cases may create a misleading impression of the significant
difficulty associated with withdrawing psychiatric drugs.
Systematic Review of Plant-Based Excipients in Topical Drug Delivery
Authors: Nammas Mohammad
Published: November 2024

This review explores the use of plant-based excipients in topical drug delivery. The review examines the advantages and challenges of using plant-based excipients, as well as case studies that demonstrate their effectiveness in delivering drugs through the skin. The review also discusses future perspectives on the use of plant-based excipients, including the potential for developing new formulations and improving drug delivery efficiency. The findings of this review suggest that plant-based excipients have significant potential in topical drug delivery and could offer a more sustainable and natural alternative to synthetic excipients. Overall, this review provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in the pharmaceutical industry who are interested in developing new and innovative drug delivery systems.
Tracheal Replacement: A Scoping Review
Authors: Johnston Darin T. , Powers David B. , Hartwig Matthew G. , Kahmke Russel R. , Cendales Linda C.
Published: November 2024

Objective To summarize patient characteristics and outcomes for the historical and current methods of long-segment tracheal replacement in humans.

Materials and Methods A single reviewer screened the abstracts and full texts using Covidence for file management. Studies published in English that reported human subjects with circumferential or near-circumferential (>270 degrees) cervical tracheal replacements were included. Articles with subjects treated with primary anastomosis alone, retracted articles, abstracts, expert opinion articles, and conference presentations were excluded.

Results A total of 32 articles were included in the review reporting 156 cases of long-segment tracheal replacement including synthetic (alive at 1–8 years n = 6/64), regenerative medicine (dead at 15 days–55 months n = 4, not reported n = 6), cadaveric tracheal allograft (alive at 5 months–10 years n = 32/38), aortic allograft (alive at 6–85 months n = 12/16), free tissue transfer (alive at 6–108 months n = 13/21), allotransplantation (alive at 6–24 months n = 5/8), and vascular composite allograft (VCA) (alive at 20 months n = 1/1).

Conclusion Silicone and Marlex prostheses have poor long-term outcomes. The cadaveric tracheal allograft can only replace near-circumferential tracheal defects and is therefore limited to benign tracheal pathology. Inadequate structural support plagues the aortic allograft and often requires numerous invasive procedures and maintenance of an intraluminal stent. A lack of mucociliary clearance exists in all methods of tracheal replacement except cadaveric tracheal allograft and VCA and can cause fatal mucous plugging and chronic pulmonary infections. VCA and allotransplantation require long-term immunomodulation therapy.
Benchmarking simulation methods for understanding warm dense matter
Authors: Cornish Indiah
Published: November 2024

Combining different simulations to achieve accurate theoretical predictions that are based on first principles
Flexible magnetoelectric systems: Types, principles, materials, preparation and application
Authors: Zhang Shanfei , Li Zhuofan , Xu Yizhuo , Su Bin
Published: November 2024

Recently, the rapid development of flexible electronic materials and devices has profoundly influenced various aspects of social development. Flexible magnetoelectric systems (FMESs), leveraging magnetoelectric coupling, hold vast potential applications in the fields of flexible sensing, memory storage, biomedicine, energy harvesting, and soft robotics. Consequently, they have emerged as a significant branch within the realm of flexible electronic devices. According to its working principle, FMES are divided into three categories: FMES based on magnetodeformation and piezoelectric effects, FMES based on giant magnetoresistive effect, and FMES based on electromagnetic induction. Although some articles have reviewed the first two types of FMES, there is a lack of systematic introduction of the FMES based on electromagnetic induction in existing studies, especially the development history and research status of the three types of FMES. Therefore, this paper systematically reviews the development history and research status of these three kinds of FMES and reveals the working principle and mode of the flexible magnetoelectric system from the perspective of the force-electricity-magnetism coupling mode. In addition, the material selection criteria, device manufacturing methods, and application fields of the FMES are also introduced. Finally, this review delves into the challenges and opportunities confronting the development of FMES, exploring the future development directions. This review aims to establish a theoretical foundation and provide methodological strategies for future research on FMES. It is anticipated to promptly address the current gap in this research field and facilitate the development of the flexible electronic family.
Coherence of NV defects in isotopically enriched 6H-28SiC at ambient conditions
Authors: Murzakhanov Fadis , Mamin Georgy , Sadovnikova Margarita , Mokhov Evgeniy , Nagalyuk Sergey , Gafurov Marat , Soltamov Victor
Published: November 2024

The unique spin-optical properties of NV defects in SiC, coupled with silicon carbide's advanced technology compared to diamond, make them a promising candidate for quantum technology applications. In this study, using photoinduced pulse ESR at 94 GHz (3.4 T), we reveal the room temperature spin coherence of NV defects in 6H-28SiC, purified to reduce 29Si concentration to ≈1%, four times below its natural level. We demonstrate room temperature (300 K) Hahn-echo coherence time T2 = 23.6 μs, spin–lattice relaxation time T1 = 0.1 ms, and coherent control over optically polarized NV spin states through Rabi nutation experiments. We reveal long inhomogeneous dephasing time T2* = 1.5 μs, which is about five times greater than that measured for NV defects in SiC with natural isotopic content. Our observations highlight again the potential of NV defects in 6H-28SiC, which exhibit near-infrared optical excitation and emission properties compatible with O-band fiber optics, as promising candidates for applications in quantum sensing, communication, and computation.
Spectroscopic properties under vibrational strong coupling in disordered matter from path-integral Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: de la Fuente Diez Jaime , Spezia Riccardo , Vuilleumier Rodolphe
Published: November 2024

Vibrational strong coupling (VSC), the strong coupling between a Fabry–Perrot cavity and molecular vibrations at mid-infrared frequencies, has received important attention in the last years due to its capacity of modifying both vibrational spectra and chemical reactivity. VSC is a collective effect, and in this work, we introduce Path Integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) simulations that not only take into account the quantum character of the molecular vibrations and of the optical resonance of the cavity but also reproduce this collective behavior by considering multiple replicas of the molecular system. Moreover, we show that it is possible to extract from the PIMC simulations the decomposition of the hybrid optical and molecular states in terms of the bare molecular modes. On a model system of an ensemble of disordered Morse oscillators coupled to a single cavity through the Pauli–Fierz Hamiltonian, PIMC can retrieve known features obtained from analytical modes such as the Tavis–Cummings model and obtain a very close agreement with exact diagonalization for a small number of Morse oscillators. We also find that notwithstanding the anhamonic character of the Morse oscillators, the collective mode coupled to the cavity behaves as a harmonic oscillator, following the quantum central limit theorem.
Molecular beam epitaxy and band structures of type-II antiferromagnetic semiconductor EuTe thin films
Authors: Qiu Xiaodong , Xiao Zhixiong , Yu Fan , Yin Yuling , Huang Lin , Yang Bin , Tian Qichao , Wang Kaili , Mu Yuyang , Meng Qinghao , Wan Xiangang , Liu Junming , Wu Di , Zhang Yi
Published: November 2024

The rare-earth Eu-based compounds with a unique half-filled 4f orbital have attracted an amount of research interest recently. Here, we synthesized EuTe(001) single-crystal thin films on SrTiO3(001) substrate via molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The scanning tunneling microscopy and x-ray diffraction results indicate that the grown EuTe thin films orientated as EuTe[100]//SrTiO3[110] in plane. In the angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopic (ARPES) measurements, the grown EuTe films show a semiconductive band structure with the valence band maximum lying on the center point of the Brillouin zone. The bandgap size of EuTe was further identified by the optical transmission spectra as 2.2 eV. The antiferromagnetic transition temperature of the grown EuTe film is 10.5 K measured by a superconductive quantum interference device (SQUID). Our results provide important information on the fundamental electronic structures for the further research and applications of the Eu-based compounds.
Longitudinal and transverse collective dynamics in water by simulation using the BK3 model
Authors: Mocchetti E. , Xu H. , Millot C. , Friant-Michel P. , Wax J.-F.
Published: November 2024

Using a recent polarizable model for water (the BK3 model), we explore the collective dynamic modes in liquid water by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The dynamic structure factor and the longitudinal and transverse current correlation spectral densities are computed over the whole frequency range below intramolecular excitations. MD results of atom–atom partial correlation functions are fitted using the Generalized Collective Modes (GCMs) model, involving relaxing modes occurring in the longitudinal component and propagating modes occurring in both components. Three systems are studied as follows: (1) BK3 ambient water, (2) SPC/E ambient water, and (3) BK3 ambient heavy water. Comparison between the results of these systems reveals the influence of the polarizability, or the influence of the molecular mass, on the collective dynamics. Moreover, the GCM fitting allows a quantitative description of the excitation modes in terms of the frequencies, damping coefficients and possible coupling between longitudinal and transverse modes. The differences between the three situations are also clearly evidenced within this formalism.
NEXAFS spectroscopy of alkylated benzothienobenzothiophene thin films at the carbon and sulfur K-edges
Authors: Chantler Paul Alexander , Thomsen Lars , Roychoudhury Subhayan , Glover Chris J. , Mitchell Valerie , McGregor Sarah K. M. , Lo Shih-Chun , Namdas Ebinazar B. , Prendergast David , McNeill Christopher R.
Published: November 2024

Alkylated benzothienobenzothiophenes are an important class of organic semiconductors that exhibit high performance in solution-processed organic field-effect transistors. In this work, we study the near-edge x-ray absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) spectra of 2,7-didecyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (C10-BTBT) at both the carbon and sulfur K-edges. Angle-resolved experiments of thin films are performed to characterize the dichroism associated with molecular orientation. First-principles calculations using the density functional theory-based many-body x-ray absorption spectroscopy (MBXAS) method are also performed to correlate the peaks observed and their dichroism with transitions to specific antibonding molecular orbitals. Interestingly, the dichroism of the dominant, lowest energy peak is opposite at the carbon and sulfur K-edges. While the low-energy peak at the carbon K-edge is assigned to carbon 1s → π* transitions with transition dipole moment (TDM) perpendicular to the planar BTBT core, the dominant low energy peak at the sulfur K-edge is assigned to sulfur 1s → σ* transitions with TDM oriented along the long axis of the BTBT core. These differences at the sulfur and carbon K-edges are understood through the MBAXS simulations that find a reordering of the energy of the lowest energy π* and σ* transitions at the sulfur K-edge due to the strong localization of the σ* orbital over the sulfur atom. This work highlights differences in the NEXAFS spectra of organic semiconductors at carbon and sulfur K-edges and provides new insights into peak assignment and x-ray dichroism relevant for studying the molecular orientation of organic semiconductor films.
A deep learning framework for solving the prediction and reconstruction problem of Bingham fluid flow field
Authors: Gao Zehui , Yin Ruiqi , Zhai Ruizhi , Lin Ji , Yin Deshun
Published: November 2024

As a typical non-Newtonian fluid, Bingham fluid is employed in a multitude of fields, including petroleum, construction, and the chemical industry. However, due to the intricate intrinsic properties of Bingham fluids and the necessity for precision and efficacy in specific engineering applications, the rapid and precise prediction and reconstruction of its flow field information has become a challenge and a focal point of contemporary research. In this paper, we introduce a novel deep-learning approach to address the two-dimensional laminar motion of Bingham fluids. The proposed Papanastasiou Regularization Physics-Informed Neural Network (PR-PINN) framework effectively predicts and reconstructs the flow field of Bingham fluids. Initially, the framework applies Papanastasiou regularization to the governing equations of Bingham fluids, enhancing the network's adaptability to solving the flow field problem by incorporating boundary conditions and an adaptive weight assignment strategy. We consider two scenarios: equal-diameter circular pipe flow and conical pipe flow. The PR-PINN network is utilized for flow field prediction and reconstruction. Our results show that PR-PINN achieves high accuracy in flow field prediction and can reconstruct velocity and pressure fields using limited measurement data. Based on these findings, we explore the impact of boundary constraints, the effect of large intrinsic parameters on prediction accuracy, and the influence of measurement points and boundary constraints on flow field reconstruction. In summary, the PR-PINN network exhibits satisfactory performance and significant potential for predicting and reconstructing Bingham fluid flow fields.
Anisotropy of energetic particles and thermal transport on internal kink stability in HL-3
Authors: Bai X. , Liu Y. Q. , Dong G. Q. , Hao G. Z.
Published: November 2024

The kinetic effects of Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) induced energetic particles (EPs) on the stability of internal kink mode are numerically investigated in the presence of anisotropic thermal transport for the new medium-sized tokamak HL-3, utilizing the MHD-kinetic hybrid code MARS-K (Liu Y Q et al. 2008 Phys. Plasmas 15 112503). It is found that after including realistic level of thermal transport, the kinetic effect of EPs on the mode stability is stabilizing in the co-NBI case while destabilizing in the counter-NBI case, in contrast to the similar stabilizing effect with both NBI cases at vanishing thermal transport. Detailed investigation reveals that this opposite effect with the two NBI cases is due to the different non-adiabatic transit resonance contributions of passing EPs in the presence of thermal transport. Anisotropic thermal transport can indirectly affect the non-adiabatic contribution of passing EPs by modifying the mode eigenvalue, which also contributes to the resonance condition between the mode and passing EPs. The non-perturbative approach adopted in the study also enables comparison of different modifications to the mode eigen-structure between the two NBI cases.
Extensional rheology of all-polystyrene nanocomposites
Authors: Cui Teng , Zhu Yihui , Liu Shuang , Huang Qian
Published: November 2024

All-polystyrene nanocomposites have been proved as an ideal model system due to the identical chemistry of the nanoparticles and the polymer matrix. Previous neutron scattering measurements have confirmed that the nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed in the polymer matrix when the radius of the nanoparticles is smaller than the radius of gyration of the polymer chains. In the recent work [Ouyang et al., “The second network of soft-nanoparticles in linear polymers of the same chemistry,” Polymer 283, 126216 (2023)], linear viscoelasticity and dynamics of all-polystyrene nanocomposites involving nanoparticles of different fraction and rigidness have been systematically studied. Here, we prepared similar samples and studied their nonlinear rheological behavior in extensional flow. We show that with harder and more fraction of the nanoparticles, strain hardening in fast extensional flow is weakened, probably due to flow-induced phase separation.
Experimental study on pressure drop fluctuations for boiling flow at various gravity levels
Authors: Li Chong , Fang Xiande , Du Siliang , Yang Quanquan , Chen Zhong
Published: November 2024

Experiments were conducted on the pressure drop fluctuations of R245fa boiling through a horizontal microchannel with a diameter of 0.94 mm and a heated length of 170 mm at various gravity levels. The visualization results show that under inlet saturation conditions, three typical periodic oscillation modes are observed: continuous two-phase flow, bubbly/annular alternating flow, and churn/annular alternating flow. The flow oscillation characteristics within the channel are closely related to bubble dynamics, the vapor–liquid interface evolution, and the upstream compressible vapor volume. It has also been found that increasing the mass flux or decreasing the heat flux can enhance the suppression effect on pressure drop oscillation. In addition, under inlet subcooling conditions, although the total pressure drop increases with the increase in gravity level (1–2.78 g), and the amplitude of pressure drop fluctuation first increases and then decreases with the increase in gravity level, with the transition point occurring approximately at an = 1.10 g. The impact of gravity level on the amplitude of pressure drop fluctuation is primarily determined by the relative dominance of bubbly flow and annular flow within the channel.
Shear-driven diffusion with stochastic resetting
Authors: Abdoli Iman , Olsen Kristian Stølevik , Löwen Hartmut
Published: November 2024

External flows, such as shear flow, add directional biases to particle motion, introducing anisotropic behavior into the system. Here, we explore the non-equilibrium dynamics that emerge from the interplay between linear shear flow and stochastic resetting. The particle diffuses with a constant diffusion coefficient while simultaneously experiencing linear shear and being stochastically returned to its initial position at a constant rate. We perturbatively derive the steady-state probability distribution that captures the effects of shear-induced anisotropy on the spatial structure of the distribution. We show that the dynamics, which initially spread diffusively, will at late times reach a steady state due to resetting. At intermediate timescales, the system approaches this steady state either by passing through a superdiffusive regime (in the shear-dominated case) or by exhibiting purely sub-diffusive behavior (in the resetting-dominated case). The steady state also gains cross correlations, a feature absent in simpler resetting systems. We also show that the skewness has a non-monotonic behavior when one passes from the shear-dominated to the resetting-dominated regime. We demonstrate that at small resetting rates, the energetic cost of maintaining the steady state becomes significantly higher due to the displacement caused by shear, a unique scaling not seen without shear. Surprisingly, if only the x-position is reset, the system can maintain a Brownian yet non-Gaussian diffusion pattern with non-trivial tails in the distribution.