bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship among Body Weight, Scrotal Circumference and Sperm Quantity of Bali Bulls in Baturiti Artificial Insemination Center
Authors: Indriastuti R , Ulum M F , Arifiantini R I , Memili E , Purwantara B
Published: June 2020

Bali cattle are one of the native cattle breeds in Indonesia as a meat producer. The objective of this study was to analyze the correlation between body weight and scrotal circumference and sperm quantity of Bali bulls. To accomplish this objective, primary and secondary data of Bali bulls in Baturiti Artificial Insemination (AI) Center, Bali from 2017 to 2019 were used in this research, consisted of scrotal circumference (SC), body weight (BW), semen volume (SV) and sperm concentration (SCon) (n = 9 bulls in productive age). Total Number Sperm (TNS) was calculated multiply value of SV and SCon. The data were analyzed statistically using Correlation Pearson Square. There was no significant correlation among body weight, scrotal circumference, and sperm quantity of Bali bulls in this research (P>0.05). Low positive correlation was found between BW with SC (0.296), very low positive correlation with SV (0.049), very low negative correlation with SCon (−0.089) and moderate positive correlation with TNS (0.427). Moreover, SC showed low negative correlation with SCon (−0.202), very low negative correlation with SV (−0.028) and low positive correlation with TNS (0.286). In conclusion, BW showed positive correlation SC, SV and TNS, but showed a negative correlation SCon. SC had positive correlation with TNS but they showed negative correlation with SV and SCon of Bali bulls.
Evaluation of Friesian Holstein Bulls Fertility in Lembang and Singosari Artificial Insemination Center using West Java ISIKHNAS Data
Authors: Rosyada Z N A , Tumbelaka L I , Ulum M F , Harsi T , Herwiyati E , Memili E , Purwantara B
Published: June 2020

Friesian Holstein bull (FH) is one of dairy cattle in Indonesia. It is important to increase the production of dairy cattle to meet the need for milk consumption. The way to develop is through artificial insemination (AI). This study was aimed to evaluate the FH bull fertility by calculating the percentage of first service conception rate (%FSCR) of FH bulls in Lembang and Singosari AI Center using ISIKHNAS data in West Java for the year 2017 until 2018. The data included in this study after editing consisted of AI data (n=141176) and service records as well as pregnancy diagnosis information (n=98120). The study showed that the FH bull semen spread in West Java mostly from Lembang and Singosari AI Center. The fertility rate can be grouped into high fertile (HF), and low fertile (LF) level and also divided into two groups based on the number of AI services. The %FSCR of FH bulls semen that used for AI <1000 services in Singosari 64.29% as HF level; 22.22% as LF level, while in Lembang had 74. 03% as HF; 21.15% as LF level. Then, the AI> 1000 services in Lembang had %FSCR is 61.61% as HF level; 35. 28% as LF level. While Singosari had 63.11% as HF level; 33.78% as LF level. In conclusion, the FH bulls in Lembang and Singosari AI center had the HF of the %FSCR is about 53.13 until 74.03%. It is needed the more accurate assessment through genomic analysis to get the biomarker of HF bulls as a suggestion to improve the FH breeding cattle.
Effect of Sericin Supplementation in Collection Medium on Bovine Oocyte Nuclear Maturation
Authors: Satrio F A , Karja N W K , Setiadi M A , Kaiin E M , Gunawan M , Memili E , Purwantara B
Published: June 2020

Sericin is a water-soluble globular protein derived from silkworm Bombyx mori and has the competency as an antioxidant. This study was conducted to examine the effect of sericin supplementation in the collection medium on bovine oocyte nuclear maturation. Sericin with different concentration (0 (control), 0.1 %, 0.5 %, and 1%) was added to collection medium and maturated for 24 hour at 38.5 °C in 5% of CO2 air. Matured oocytes were stained with acetic-orcein and determined the oocyte nuclear stage under a stereomicroscope. After in vitro maturation, 74-87% of oocytes were reached nuclear maturation (metaphase II). The maturation rates of oocytes were significantly higher at 0.1% group (87.7%) (P<0.05) compared to other groups. There was no significant differences were observed between control group (74.6%), 0.5% group (79.4%), and 1% group (78.3%) (P>0.05). These findings showed that supplementation of 0.1% sericin in the collection medium improved the nuclear maturation of bovine oocytes.
The Effect of Supplementation of Leucaena leucochepala Leaves on Digestibility of Dry Matter and Organic Matter in Friesian Holstein Dairy Cows Rations
Authors: Nugroho D F , Suranindyah Y Y , Astuti A
Published: June 2020

The study was conducted to measure digestibility of dry matter and organic matter in Holstein Friesian cow ration which was supplemented with Leucaena Leucocephala leaves. The experiment was designed followed completely randomized design, consisted of 3 treatments, namely P0, P1 and P2 with 4 replications. Treatment P0 was basal ration, composed of 35% forage + 65% concentrate of total dry matter. Treatment P1 and P2 contained basal ration supplemented by Leucaena Leucocephala leaves as much as 10% and 20% of total forage dry matter, respectively. The data on dry matter, organic matter digestibility and nutrient consumption were collected during 14 days. The results showed no significant different of dry matter, organic matter, crude fibre digestibility among rations. Dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and crude fibre of ration P1 and P2 were higher than P0. In conclusion, there was no effect of Leucaena Leucocephala leaves supplementation on dry matter and organic matter digestibility of ration but increased the consumption of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and crude fiber.
Indonesia’s Broilers Business Facing Oversupply Difficulties
Authors: Nugroho B A
Published: June 2020

Indonesian production of poultry meat has undergone significant expansion and modernization over recent years and, while there have been cyclical fluctuations, growth has been consistent throughout the past three decades. Between 1993 and 2013, for example, the Indonesian broiler industry was the sixth-fastest growing in the world. The aim of this article is to identify the Indonesia’s broilers business facing with oversupply difficulties and its evolution. Methods of information and data analyzes were descriptive, analytical or assessment based on evidence from the existing condition of the Indonesia’s broilers business and its evolution. Indonesia’s poultry sector continues to demonstrate strong growth, despite industry reports of oversupply. The government has taken some efforts to regulate the import of breeder stock in order to slow growth and strengthen prices, although the results are negligible. According to the survey conducted by Ministry of Agriculture based on monitoring of Market Information Service on June 25, 2019, the average price per kg live bird (LB) in the National is IDR 20,216, while the average price on Java Island is around IDR 11,327, and LB prices in Central Java and East Java are only around IDR 8,845 and IDR 10,736. The fall in the price of broilers meat in Java, due to not all of meat produced is absorbed in traditional markets. This situation occurs because the broiler farmers predicts there will be an increase in demand after period of Eid al-Fitr celebration, it turned out that such conditions did not occur so the product becomes abundant and finally the price down.
Viability of Probiotic Lactic Acid Microencapsulated with Maltodextrin in the Simulated Gastric Juice and Bile Salt
Authors: Astutiningrum O P , Akhirini N , Harimurti S
Published: June 2020

Probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) consisted of Lactobacillus murinus Ar3, Streptococcus thermophilus Kp2, and Pediococcus acidilacti Kd6 were encapsulated with skimmed milk-maltodextrin. In vitro studies were used to determine the effects of simulated gastric juice (SGJ) and bile salt on the viability of encapsulated probiotics. The results showed that the viability of microencapsulated LAB decreased 0.45 log units during 3-h exposure to SGJ with pepsin at pH 2.5. After 4-h exposure in bile salt solutions at pH 6.5, the number of microencapsulated LAB increased by 1.10 log units. Microencapsulated LAB was completely released from the coated after exposure to bile salt during 4-h. This study confirmed that maltodextrin in microencapsulation might be an effective method that could allow viable probiotic bacteria to reach the large intestine.
Effect of Dietary Nano-encapsulated Mindi (Melia azedarach Linn.) Leaf Extract on Growth Performance and Intestinal pH of Broiler Chickens
Authors: Masjid N A S , Zuprizal  , Dono N D
Published: June 2020

A four weeks study was conducted to evaluate the effects of nano-encapsulated Mindi (Melia azedarach Linn.) leaves extract inclusion in drinking water on growth performance and intestinal pH in broiler chickens. A hundred and ninety two chicks were allotted into eight treatment groups: a negative control group without any treatment in the drinking water (T1), a positive control group with tetracycline 100 ppm (T2), groups with 100 mg (T3), 200 mg (T4), 400 mg (T5) mindi leaves extract per litre, or groups with 100 mg (T6), 200 mg (T7), 400 mg (T8) nano-encapsulated mindi leaves extract per litre (L). Each treatment was replicated four times with six birds per pen. Oneway ANOVA was used to analyse collected data, continued with Duncan‧s new Multiple Range Test for data with significant difference. No treatment effect were detected on feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, water intake, or final weight. However, inclusion with 200 mg mindi leaves extract per L reduced pH (P<0.05) in the jejunum and ileum. Current research indicated that addition of low dose Mindi leaves extract–nanocapsulated or non-nanoencapsulated–might give significant effect on improving intestinal health condition in broiler chickens.
Effect of Combination of Protected and Non-Protected Corn Oil Supplementation on In Vitro Nutrient Digestibility
Authors: Anam M S , Yusiati L M , Hanim C , Bachruddin Z , Astuti A
Published: June 2020

This research was done to study the effect of supplementation of the combination of corn oil (CO) and protected corn oil (PCO) using formaldehyde on in vitro nutrient digestibility in the rumen and post rumen. Protection of corn oil is carried out by mixing skim milk powder and corn oil (2:1) using formaldehyde 1,5%. Feed for fermentation substrate consists of Penissetum purpureum and wheat pollard (60:40). The combination of CO and PCO in several rations was added as the supplement to feed substrate (dry matter basis). The ratios of CO: PCO supplementation that given were T0 (0%:0%) as a control, T1 (5%:0%), T2 (3.75%:1.25%), T3 (2.5%:2.5%), T4 (1.25%:3.75%), and T5 (0%:5%). Their effects on dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), crude protein digestibility (CPD) and crude fiber digestibility (CFD) digestibility were studied using the two-stage in vitro digestibility method of Tilley and Terry (1963) modified by Utomo (2012). Data were statistically analyzed using oneway analysis of variance continued by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that T1 and T2 significantly (P<0.05) decreased DMD, OMD and CFD at 48 h and 96 h incubation and did not affect rumen CPD. In conclusion, the supplementation of corn oil 1.25% combined with protected corn oil 3.75% had no negative effect on DMD, OMD, CPD and CFD on rumen and post-rumen digestibility.
Heating Effect on Rumen Digestion of Protein Feeds Fermented by Lactid Acid Bacteria
Authors: Sanjaya H L , Bachrudin Z , Kurniawati A , Hanim C , Yusiati L M
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to measure the in vitro digestibility of protein feeds as a product of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation with different levels of molasses addition and incubation time. The LAB fermentation of protein feeds experiment had treatments given in the form of addition of molasses with levels of 0%, 3%, and 5% as well as at different incubation times of 0, 1, and 2 weeks. The best result of LAB fermentation was then protected from the rumen digestion by a heating treatment, carbohydrate, and fat addition. The parameter observed includes levels of pH and lactic acid production for LAB fermentation of protein feeds experiment and dry matter (DMD), organic matter (OMD), and crude protein digestibility (CPD) for protected rumen digestion experiment. Result showed that the lowest pH were 4.65±0.02, reached at the treatment with one week incubation (p<0.05) and 0% molasses addition (p<0.05). The highest lactic acid content were 1.82±0.10 mg/g fermentation feed based on treatment one weeks incubation (p<0.05) and 0% molasses addition (p>0.05). The highest content of protein showed at the treatment with two weeks incubation (p>0.05) and 5% molasses addition (p<0.05). Heating treatment had no significant compared to control, with the result respectively DMD 42.48±4.08%; 38.62±6.31%, OMD 53.21±4.74%; 49.71±5.62%, and CPD 38.15±4.71%; 34.88±2.72% (p>0.05). Fermentation could improve the nutrient quality of concentrate, but further research is needed to find ways to protect fermented concentrate.
Mammary Gland Health and Identification of β-defensin Gene of Holstein-Friesian Cows
Authors: Herlina N , Wulandari A S , Yanthi N D , Aditia D R , Yaman M A
Published: June 2020

β-Defensin in bovine had known as an antimicrobial peptide group with a broad-spectrum activity. The defensin peptide found abundant in neutrophils and epithelial cells including in the mammary gland. The objectives of this research are to identify the β-defensin gene and mammary gland health status. Blood and milk samples were obtained from various lactated cows located from several farms in Bogor. The research consisted of two main activities including collecting blood and milk then laboratory examinations which carried out through amplifying genomic DNA fragments of β-defensin using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and milk analysis through somatic cell count. Therefore, based on these results, the β-defensin are found and identified in all samples with a low or high number of somatic cell. Hence, the genetic diversity of β-defensin gene need to be calculated to be used as genetic marker prior to select dairy cattle with increased resistance to infection of the mammary gland method. Other defensin genes need to be hold to assisted breeding programmes in accordance with mammary gland health.
Age-Dependent Changes in Fresh Semen Quality of Swamp Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Isnaini N , Harsi T , Zamani W R
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fresh semen quality of swamp buffalo raised in Lembang Artificial Insemination Center with respect to different age. The semen was collected from one swamp buffalo bull at three different stages (5, 6, and 7 years old). The evaluation of semen quality was conducted directly upon collection. Semen color, consistency, and mass sperm motility were analyzed descriptively, while semen volume, pH, sperm concentration and individual sperm motility were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by least significant difference test. The results showed that the dominant physical characteristics of swamp buffalo’s semen were milky white color with moderate consistency and fast mass sperm motility (++). There was a highly significant effect (P<0.01) of age on semen volume, sperm concentration, and individual sperm motility, whereas semen pH was not affected (P>0.05) by age. Swamp buffalo had higher (P<0.01) semen volume and sperm concentration at 7 years old, but with lower (P<0.01) individual sperm motility as compared to 5 and 6 years old. In brief, this study reveals that semen production of swamp buffalo is dependent of age with 7 years old become the most superior age.
The Weight Gain and Growth of Crossbred Bulls Fed Locally Inspired Supplements Compared with Current Feeding Systems in Village Smallholdings in Malang, East Java
Authors: Setiadi D , Kusmartono  , Kasmiyati  , Mashudi  , Zakariya A Z , Harper K J , Poppi D P
Published: June 2020

Growth rates of cattle in village smallholder farms are often low (0,2-0,5 kg/d) due to the ration formulation not meeting the nutrient requirements for cattle to achieve their potential live weight gain. This experiment aims to determine the growth of crossbred bulls fed a range of supplemented diets using local products comparing them to current traditional feeding system. This village was conducted in Kucur village, Dau sub-district, Malang. Fifyt cross bred aged between 1.5-2 years were allocated into five treatments; cassava-based diet by recent ACIAR-UB experiment (T1), commercial concentrate (T2), YaYa diet (T3), Santos diet (T4) and current feeding system (CFS) by smallholder farmers (T0) as the control. Cassava-based diet (T1) consisted of 50% cassava, 25% copra meal (CM) and 25% palm kernel cake (PKC). Local concentrate (T2) was bought from local cooperative in Malang. Yaya diet (T2) consisted of 30% cassava, 20% corn cob, 20% copra meal, 20% palm kernel cake and 10% rice bran. Santos diet (T4) consisted of 40 % corn cob, 20% palm kernel cake 20% rice bran, and 20% wheat pollard. Control treatment (T0) was 1 kg wheat pollard a day which was the general current feeding system by local smallholders. The experiment found that cassava-based diet (T1) supplementation showed the highest body growth compared to the other diets.
The Acrosome Integrity Examination of Post-thawed Spermatozoa of Several Ongole Grade Bull in Indonesia Using Giemsa Staining Method
Authors: Prihantoko K D , Yuliastuti F , Haniarti H , Kusumawati A , Widayati D T , Budiyanto A
Published: June 2020

Cement cryopreservation is a preserving technique of spermatozoa cells that the spermatozoa cells can be used in a long period of time. Frozen semen is produced by the National Artificial Insemination Center (AIC) and the Regional Artificial Insemination Center (RAIC) in Indonesia. The indicators in predicting spermatozoa fertilizing ability include individual motility and movement scores, but the indicators have not been able to accurately predict the spermatozoa fertilizing ability, Acrosome integrity of spermatozoa cells is an important indicator of the success of the fertilization. The study aimed at evaluating the quality of the acrosome integrity of Ongole Grade Bull post-thawed spermatozoa from several Artificial Insemination Centers (AIC) in Indonesia using Giemsa staining method. It used 60 straw samples of 6 PO cattle aged 6 to 8 years with healthy and normal reproductive organs obtained from 3 different Artificial Insemination Centers (AICs) in Indonesia. The spermatozoa acrosome integrity was evaluated using Trypan Blue-Giemsa (TBG) and Giemsa stainings combined with fixation using methanol. The results showed that the motility (43.60±1.65%) and the viability of the spermatozoa (55.75±1.83%) of Ongole grade bull in the AIC A was higher than those in the other AIC (P<0.05). The results of the evaluation of the acrosome integrity of the Ongole grade bull from the AIC A using the TBG staining showed that the acrosome integrity of the bull from the AIC A was higher than that of the bull from the other AIC (P<0.05) (77.00±1.52%). They also showed that the acrosome integrity of the Ongole grade bull from the AIC A evaluated using Giemsa staining was also higher than that of the bull from the other AIC (P<0.05) (76.84±1.57%). Spermatozoa acrosomes can be evaluated using TBG or Giemsa stainings. However, the TBG staining is more complex and it takes a long time for the staining to give expected results. Meanwhile, the Giemsa staining combined with fixation using methanol is a simple method and it does not take a long time for the staining to give satisfying results.
A Dietary Inclusion Made of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Leaf Powder in Feeding toward the Performance and Carcass Quality of Local Chickens
Authors: Laihad J T , Leke J R , Nangoy F N
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the performance and carcass quality of local chickens given by dietary inclusion, composing of papaya (Carica papaya L.) leaf powder. The experimental free-range chickens used 200 chickens, by the age of 16 weeks and average body weight of 780.58±9.34 gr. Feed was made from corn, rice bran, fish flour, concentrate, and papaya leaves. The research applied Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 8 replications. The treatments comprised of R0 = 100% based diet (BD) + 0 % papaya leaf powder (PLP), R1 = 97% BD + 3 % PLP, R2 = 94 % BD + 6 % PLP, R3 = 91 % BD + 9 % PLP, and R4 = 88 % BD + 12 % PLP. Parameters were final weight, carcass weight, and carcass percentage. The result showed that feather performance and carcass quality were not significantly different (P 0.05) against final weight (gr), carcass weight (gr) and carcass percentage (%). In conclusion, papaya leaf can be used as dietary component in feeding to improve carcass quality without negative impact on performance of productive local chickens.
Providing High Quality Forages with Hydroponic Fodder System
Authors: Ndaru P H , Huda A N , Marjuki  , Prasetyo R D , Shofiatun U , Nuningtyas Y F , Ndaru R K , Kusmartono
Published: June 2020

Hydroponic fodder is an alternative technology to provide the sustainability of high-quality forage for ruminant. Hydroponic sprout contains grass juice which is essential to increase the ruminant performance because the grass juice from hydroponic can contribute to the enhancement of microbial activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of harvesting time toward fodder production and nutrient content of hydroponic maize fodder. This study used maize seed and hypochlorite solution for a disinfectant agent. The method used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments. The treatments used was the difference of harvesting time, P1 = 8 days, P2 = 12 days, P3 = 16 days, P4 = 20 days, P5 = 24 days. Variables measured were % germination, growth (plant height), forage production, and nutrient content (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and crude fiber). The results showed that the harvesting time is a highly significant effect (P <0.01) on plant height, forage production, and nutrient content. Based on research, hydroponic maize fodder has an advantage as a source of quality forage for livestock because it has a high protein. The crude protein contains on P1 with 12,36 %, P2 = 14,91%, P3 = 17,11%, P4 18,43% and P5 = 17,58 %. The conclusion is the 20th day of harvesting time has good quality and production as an alternative animal forage.
Economic Value of Dwarf Elephant Grass and Dried Distiller Grain with Soluble as Feed of Smallholder Dairy Farm in Tulungrejo Village, Ngantang District, Malang Regency
Authors: Huda A N , Ndaru P H , Ridhowi A , Nuningtyas Y F , Putritamara J A , Soetanto H
Published: June 2020

The average number of lactation dairy cattle ownership in community farms in Tulungrejo Village, Ngantang District, Malang Regency ranges from 5-6 cows per household. Farmers rely on grass as the main feed for dairy cows and concentrate from local Dairy Cooperative as additional feed. Average milk production was 10-11 liters/cow/day. Changes in the use of feed types have occurred in the last two years. The use of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) by farmers has slowly changed to dwarf elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureumcv Mott) until now. The amount of concentrate given was reduced and replaced by DDGS by ratio (concentrate: DDGS) 1: 4. This study analyzed the economic value of the use of dwarf elephant grass and DDGS as feed especially its impact on farmers’ income. Data obtained through interview methods from 37 respondents of dairy farmers in Tulungrejo Village, Ngantang District, Malang Regency in July - September 2019. Data analysis was carried out in a descriptive quantitative manner. The results showed the average daily milk production increased by 18% or equivalent to 1.77 liters/cow/day and there was a 18.68% increase in farmer income or equivalent to IDR 7,397,160 within 2 years.
Factors Affecting the Women’s Labor Participation at Home Industry of Rambak Crackers in Tulungagung Regency
Authors: Kusumastuti A E , Ningsih U W , Astuti A W
Published: June 2020

This research was conducted at the village of Sembung, Tulungagung subdistrict, Tulungagung Regency from November - December 2017. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting the woman’s labour participation at home industry of rambak crackers in Tulungagung Regency. Around 75 females staff and 30 owners of home industry were selected as respondents by purposive sampling. The research method used was survey method. Data were collected by survey, observation, and direct interviews by using structured questionnaires. Data were analysed by using multiple linier regression and descriptive analysis. The research results showed that the distance and wages were significantly influence the level of labor woman participation. The value of coefficient determination was around 0.669. It means that the contributions effect of X variable to Y was 66.9%. It can be concluded that the variable of distance and the number of wages were giving significant effect on women’s labor participation rate.
Characteristics of Casein–Chitosan Edible Coating and Its Preservative Effect in Meat during Accelerated Storage
Authors: Apriliyani M W , Rahayu P P , Andriani R D , Manab A , Purwadi  , Sawitri M E , Utama D T
Published: June 2020

Meat is one of perishable foods that should be handled hygienically to preserve its quality. Edible coating containing antibacterial agent can be used for preserving meat by providing a barrier against microbial contamination. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of edible coating made from casein-chitosan (CC) and casein-chitosan modified (CCM) on preserving the quality of meat during accelerated storage test. The coating solutions were characterized in terms of their composition (carbohydrate, protein, fat, moisture content, pH, Aw, and antioxidant capacity) in order to optimize coatings composition, then applied to the meat for accelerated storage test for 24, 120, 216, and 312 h at 7°C. The carbohydrate, protein, fat, ash, moisture content, pH, aw, and antioxidant capacity of CCM edible coating were different with those of CC edible coating. CCM edible coating showed better antioxidant effect than CC but showed comparable antimicrobial capacity in meat during accelerated storage. Therefore, CCM edible coating could be used to preserve meat.
Effects of Garlic Flour (Allium sativum) and Pecan Oil (Aleurites mollucana) Combination in Feeding Against Egg’s Performance and Quality from the MB 402 Egg-Layers
Authors: Leke J R , Wantansen E , Sompi F N , Kawatu M , Telleng
Published: June 2020

The research is purposed to examine effects of garlic flour (Allium Sativum) and pecan oil (Aleurites Mollucana) combination in feeding against egg’s performance and quality from the MB 402 egg-layers. 200 egg-layers of the MB 402 were taken as samples in this research. Complete Randomized Design was utilized for 5 treatments and repetitions. Each of repetitions contained 8 egg-layers of the MB 402. Then, the treatment used was as follows: P0 = 100 % of Basal Feed (PB), P1 = 95% of Basal Diet (BD)+ 4% Garlic Flour ( GF) + 1% of pecan oil (PO); P2 = 95% of Basal Diet (BD) + 3 % (GF) +2 % (PO), P3 = 95% of Basal Diet (BD) + 2 % (GF) + 3% (PO), P4 = 95 % of Basal Diet (BD) + 1 % (GF) + 4 % (PO). Additionally, variables observed comprised of egg’s protein, albumen protein, cholesterol, and egg shell’s calcium and phosphor. As result, this research finds that combination of garlic flour and pecan oil in feeding up to 1% GF and 4 % PO demonstrated significant difference (P < 0,01) against egg’s albumen, protein and cholesterol, and egg shell’s calcium and phosphor, but it did not give significant effect (P > 0,05) against egg’s yolk protein. In conclusion, 1 % GF + 4% of garlic flour and pecan oil respectively, in feeding can improve egg’s albumen protein, cholesterol, and egg shell’s calcium and phosphor, but not provide similar effect on egg’s yolk protein.
Effect of Using Different Levels of Cassava Meal on Nutrient Intake, Fiber Digestibility and Body Condition Score in Crossbreed Limousin Bulls
Authors: Retnaningrum S , Kusmartono  , Mashudi  , Harper K J , Poppi D
Published: June 2020

An experiment was conducted in Malang, East Java-Indonesia to evaluate the effect of using cassava meal in the diet at levels of 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 % on feed intake, fiber digestibility and profit margin in crossbreed Limousin bulls. In this trial, thirty crossbred Limousin bulls were allocated to a completely randomized block design with 6 blocks based on initial body weight and 5 treatments based on cassava meal level in the diet. The result of this research shows that the level of cassava meal significantly affected (P<0.05) on nutrient intake, fiber digestibility and body condition score (BCS). Treatment with 40% cassava meal had the highest nutrient intake, fiber digestibility and profit margin. The treatment with 70% cassava meal level had the lowest nutrient intake, fiber digestibility and BCS. It was concluded that a high level (>40%) of cassava meal in the diet reduced nutrient intake, fiber digestibilty and causing low BCS.
The Effectiveness of Biacid (Organic Acid and Essential Oil) as Substitute for Antibiotics on Ileal Characteristics of Broilers
Authors: Djunaidi I H , Natsir M H , Nuningtyas Y F , Yusrifar M
Published: June 2020

The research was aimed to evaluate the characteristics of ileal broiler with the inclusion of Biacid as feed additive on broiler feed. The material was used 900 DOC broiler with average body weight 45.34±4.403 g and coefficient of diversity 9.71 % and reared for 35 days. The method that used in the research was experiment using completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The feed treatments consisted of P0=basal feed without Biacid, P1=basal feed + Biacid 0.075 %, P2=basal feed + Biacid 0.100 %, and P3=basal feed + Biacid 0.125 %. The variables measured were villus number, villus height, villus surface area,and crypt depth. The data was analyzed use Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result showed that the inclusion of Biacid had a significant effect (P<0.05) on villus high and crypt depth, but not significant effect (P>0.05) on villus number and villus surface area. The conclusion research that is addition 0.075 % Biacid give the best result from villus total, villus surface area, and crypt depth at level.
Natural Increase and Output of Swamp Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in Banyuwangi Regency
Authors: Budiarto A , Ciptadi G , Nasich M , Fatich
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this research was to find out the natural increase output production of Swamp Buffalo in Banyuwangi Regency. This research was conducted in 3 subdistricts area. The research material used was 122 breeders, with a total number of 384 buffaloes. The method used was surveyed. Variable observed in this study is reproduction performance, the structure of the population, mutation, percentage of births and deaths, service per conception (S/C), conception rate (CR), anestrus postpartum (APP), days open (DO). Data obtained are tabulated with Microsoft Excel and average, the standard of deviation, and then analyzed with descriptive. The results showed that the average value of the calving interval was 16.39 ± 0.42 months, Anestrus Postpartum was 4.78 ± 0.39 months, Service Per Conception was 1.3 ± 0.07, Conception Rate (CR) was 70.26 ± 8.30%, Days Open was 5.82 ± 0.35 months, output was 15.10% and the natural increase (NI) value of swamp buffalo in Banyuwangi Regency was 16,93%..Concluded that the value of the increasing natural number of buffalo in the Banyuwangi Regency is a low category, and out of balance with the number of buffalo that comes out of breeding.
Physicochemical Quality and Organoleptic Properties of Commercial Beef Meatballs in Malang City, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Rosyidi D
Published: June 2020

The objective of this research was to determine the physical, chemical and organoleptic properties of commercial beef meatballs obtained from five different districts; Klojen, Sukun, Blimbing, Lowokwaru and Kedungkandang, in Malang city. Randomized complete design was used with seven random samples obtained from each district. The pH, water-holding capacity (WHC), elasticity, protein, moisture and fat content of the samples were analyzed. Organoleptic quality variables including color, aroma, flavor, and texture, had been observed. The results showed that there were no significant differences on all variables among five districts. The pH, WHC and elasticity ranged from 6.17 to 6.32, 66.77% to 72.23%, and 20.14 N/m2 to 20.55 N/m2, respectively. The moisture, fat and protein content ranged from 73.81% to 74.76%, 4.19% to 5.71%, and 12.38% to 14.28%, respectively. The acceptance on color, aroma, flavor and texture ranged from 3.17 to 3.97, 3.02 to 4.68, 3.68 to 4.28, and 3.27 to 4.41, respectively. These suggest that the physicochemical quality and organoleptic properties of commercial beef meatballs in five different districts in Malang city were comparable.
Effect of the Substitution the Fish Meal with Shrimp Head Waste Fermented in Diet on Broiler Performance
Authors: Mirzah M , Montesqrit  , Fitrah E , Choirul A
Published: June 2020

The experiment aimed to investigate the effect of fish meal (FM) substitution with the shrimp head waste fermented (SHWF) in the diet on broiler performance. The SHWF is the shrimp waste fermented with Waretha inoculum containing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens bacteria. The materials used for this experiment were 100 day-old-chick (doc) Arbor Acres CP-707 strains unsexed. The experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design in five treatments and four replications with five chicks each. The broilers were randomly assigned in five different levels of SHWF as substitution of fish meal in the ration. The treatments were 0 % substitute (R0), 5 % FM substitute with SHWF (R1), 10 % FM substitute with SHWF (R2), 15 % FM substitute with SHWF (R3), and 20 % FM substitute with SHWF (R4) respectively. The result of this experiment indicated that feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and body weight were not significantly (P > 0.05). However, the percentage of carcass and abdominal fat showed a significant effect (P <0.05). The conclusion of this experiment is that substitution FM with SHWF until 20% in broiler diet can maintain a performance broiler. In this treatment, were the consumption of 2428.28 grams/head, bodyweight gain 1330.07 g/head, feed conversion ratio of 1.82; body weight 1383.17 g, the percentage of carcasses was 73.86%, carcass fat was 2.67% and percentage of abdomen fat was 1.92 %.
The Use of Cassava Peel as a Source of Energy for Substituting Rice Bran in Ration Containing Gliricidia maculata Leaves in Dairy Cows
Authors: Agustin F , Erpomen  , Ningrat R W S
Published: June 2020

The objectives of this research are (1) to obtain an alternative feed; (2) to determine the best level of using cassava peel in ruminant ration to substitute rice bran in term of nutrients intake, digestibility of nutrients, and milk yield; (3) to obtain ration formulation for lactating dairy cows using cassava peel. The cattle used in this study were 4 Frisian Holstein dairy cows aged 5 years with a body weight of 400 kg. This research was conducted using the Latin Square Design 4x4 consisted of 4 treatments (rations). The ration was prepared with a ratio of forage and concentrate 55:45. The treatments were the use of cassava peel as follows: T1=0% Cassava peel; T2=3% Cassava peel; T3=6%Cassava peel; T4=9% Cassava peel. The result showed that there is no significantly different (P>0.05) on nutrient intake, nutrient digestibility, and milk yield. It can be concluded that the cassava peel can be used in dairy cattle ration up to 9% with the value of dry matter intake 13.29 kg day-, organic matter intake 12.59 kgday-, crude protein intake 1.97 kg day-, digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein were 71.75%, 73.62%, and 73.67%, respectively. Milk yield was 8.64 kg.
Microclimate Analysis of Opened House and Closed House in Broiler Rearing
Authors: Muharlien  , Sudjarwo E , Yulianti D L , Hamiyanti A A
Published: June 2020

This study aims to analyse the microclimate of opened house and closed house in broiler rearing. The research location was Sumber Rejo Village, Gedangan District,Malang City. The number of CP 707 broiler strains in the opened house was 8,000 and 16,000 in closed house. Microclimate data collected were temperature (°C) and relative humidity of the cage (percentage), and air speed (feet/minute). The instrument used was thermohygro with sensors that can record data automatically and air speed measured to determine parameters of the rearing period. The temperature and humidity data of the house measured periodically on 06.00 a.m., 12.00 a.m., and 18.00 a.m. Data collected for 35 days of the rearing period, starting on September 13th until October 18th, 2019. Data tabulated and analysed using unpaired t-test. Based on the analysis results there were not significant differences in the temperature and relative humidity of opened and closed house air during daytime observations (P>0.01). There was a significant difference in viscosity (P<0.05) within house systems. It is suggested to do further research about effect of house system on broiler performance.
The Decreasing of Quality Liquid Semen Using Four Months Storages of Tris Aminomethan and CEP-3 Diluents
Authors: Yekti A P A , Cahyo W D , Wahjuningsih S , Kuswati  , Huda A N , Susilawati T
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the decreasing of Limmousin liquid semen quality using four months storages of Tris Aminomethan and Caudal Epididymal Plasma (CEP-3) diluents. This research was conducted at Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya. The material used was fresh semen of Limousin bull which was collected in artificial insemination center Singosari. The method used was experimental laboratory with two treatments and 10 replications including T0 (Tris Aminomethan + 20% Egg Yolk) and T1 (CEP-3 + 10% Egg Yolk). Data was analyzed by using t-paired test. The result showed that Tris Aminomethan + 20% Egg Yolk gave the best result in percentage of motility, viability and abnormality. The individu motility of T0 was higher (27.3±1.4) than T1 (26.8±2.4). The percentage of viability on T0 was higher (60.5±1.1) than T1 (60.0±3.0). while the percentage of abnormality was lower (13.9±0.4) than T1 (14.4±2.6). In conclusion after 4 months storage of diluents, tris Aminomethan + 20% egg yolk gave the best treatment in motility, viability and abnormality in liquid semen.
Some Factors Affecting the Semen Production Continuity of Elite Bulls: Reviewing Data at Singosari National Artificial Insemination Center (SNAIC), Indonesia
Authors: Suyadi S , Herwijanti E , Septian W A , Furqon A , Nugroho C D , Putri R F , Novianti I
Published: June 2020

Singosari National Artificial Insemination Center (SNAIC), East Java is one of the most important Government Institution which produces frozen semen from elite bulls and distributes it to overall Indonesia regions of the most part and to overseas of the other small part. The local elite bulls at SNAIC were originated and selected from the population based on the phenotypic characteristics and pedigrees. While the exotic breed was originated from the certified elite bulls from company in overseas. This paper was aimed to review the consistency of semen production of elite bulls over the years from 2012 to 2018. The semen production was controlled by the age of bulls. The semen volume was quite low from the age of 2 – 4 years old, increased from 5 – 8 years old, and reached maximum volume by 9 years old and forward. The individual motility of sperm was low in first phase of semen collection by age of 2 years and then reached stable motility from the age of 3 years old and forward. While the sperm concentration was stable normal and not affected the age of bulls, ranged from 1004 ± 289 to 1124 ± 306 (x106) sperm / ml. When the body weight was grouped as low, medium and high, the semen volume, sperm motility and sperm concentration per ml were significantly increased in all parameters. The semen could be collected continuously by months over year although the ejaculate volume and sperm motility were significant different three monthly might be due to the different climate and quality of consumed feed. The higher semen production was during the period of October – December and the lowest was from January to March. The semen production during the periods of April – June was similar to those from July – September. In conclusion, by excluding the feed and feeding factors, the semen production of elite bulls at Singosari National Insemination Center (SNAIC) were affected by age of bulls, body weight and months of semen collection.
Is The Reproductive Performance of Goats That are Kept Intensively Different from those Maintained by Small Farmer? A Review
Authors: Suyadi S , Susilorini T E , Septian W A , Furqon A , Nugroho C D , Putri R F
Published: June 2020

Reproduction in most important factor determining the effectivity of the goat farming trough the success of increasing number of animal in the herd or population. Reproduction performance is the phenotypic trait and those more influenced by management factor than by genetic factor. However, the Indonesian local goat was reported having high adaptability and tolerance to the tropical climate with high environmental daily temperature and humidity, low quality feed and some parasites. This paper reviews the reproduction performances of local goats under intensive management in the company and when those kept by small holder farmers. The data analysis showed that the reproductive parameters in intensively were higher than those of managed by small farmers (Service per Conception, litter size, pre-weaning mortality, and birth weight), the weaning weight were similar in both groups, while Days Open and Kidding Interval were significant lower in intensive farming than those maintained by small farmers as well as extensive farming. In conclusion, the reproduction performances that were controlled by good management system, good feeding and management will improve service per conception, litter size, birth weight, and reduced pre-weaning mortality, while on the other hands, the extensive farming increased the performances of days open and kidding interval time.
The Effect of White Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) Flour Addition in Feed to the Performances of Laying Hens
Authors: Natsir M H , Wicaksono M I T
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Pleurotus ostreatus flour addition at different concentrations in feed to the production performances of laying hens. The research materials were 240 Hy-line laying hens at the age of 32 weeks. The method used in this study was conducted as laboratory experiment in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 5 replications. The control treatments consisted of basal feed (P0) as the negative control treatment; and basal feed added with 0.2% Zinc Bacitracin (P1) as the positive control treatment. The experimental treatments include basal feed with the addition of Pleourotus ostreatus flour at 0.3% (P2); 0.6% (P3); 0.9% (P4); and 1.2% (P5). The observed variables were feed intake, hen day production (HDP), egg mass and weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and income over feed cost (IOFC). The obtained data was analysed with Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) with the help of Microsoft Excel and followed with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) to determine significances. The results showed that the addition of Pleurotus ostreatus flour in feed significantly affect (P<0.05) the egg weight and had highly significant effect (P<0.01) on the IOFC of laying hens. However, there is no significant effect (P>0.05) on feed intake, HDP, egg mass, and FCR. This research concludes that the addition of Pleurotus ostreatus flour on feed as Antibiotic Growth Promoter (AGP) substitution at 0.6% concentration had the best egg weight and IOFC.
Simulation analysis of the tooth modification about wind power gearbox based on Romax software
Authors: Cheng L I , Jianzhong L I , Song M U , Youliang S U , Tao Wang , Kai Jing
Published: June 2020

At present, the gearboxes are faced with the problems of high failure rate, large vibration and noise, short service life etc. Gear modification is an effective means to reduce vibration and noise, extend life, which has been proved by practical experience at home and abroad for many years. With the introduction of some professional gear software or wind turbine analysis software from abroad, the work efficiency has been improved greatly and the extra cost due to experimental verification has also been reduced. With the use of Romax WIND excellent load distribution analysis function on the basis of the theory of gear modification, the static simulation analysis of the gearbox through the Romax WIND software was carried out under the equivalent loads. According to the load distribution on the tooth surface of gear, transmission errors and other parameters, the length, amount and curve of axial modification and the tooth profile of the high-speed pinion gear were analyzed and determined in the end. Conclusions can provide reference for gear modification.
Numerical simulation and experimental analysis of labyrinth valve flow characteristics based on CFX
Authors: Wang Tao , Wang Maosheng , Su Youliang , Mu Song , Jing Kai , Li Cheng
Published: June 2020

Focused on a particular type of labyrinth regulating valve, with its three-dimensional solid model solid works established its internal flow model as the research object. Divided and generate computational grid by pre-processing software Gambit. Application method CFX internal fluid flow control valve characteristics simulation, the valve flow characteristics of flow field visualization results. According to the simulation results analysis labyrinth valve flow characteristics of the internal flow field obtained under different openings in the spool of the valve flow characteristic curve and the same ideal opening under pressure and quality of the relationship between the flow curves for the new follow-up study valves. It was shown by the comparison of the simulation data to those of experimental measurement that the former was well consistent with the latter, providing a basis for further optimization and design of the control valves.