bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gratitude Inhibiting Personality Traits, Employees Social Cognition and Well-Being: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Jawed Kaynat , Siddiqui Danish Ahmed
Published: December 2019

This study analyzed the relationshipof gratitude on different factors such as Empathy, Self-Competence, Self-Compassion, flourishing, satisfaction with life,cynicism, narcissism, materialism and Indebtedness with the aim to find out which factor has most positive impact and which has negative impact so that organization can work on the motivation strategies for their employees accordingly.
Democracy Versus Dictatorship? The Political Determinants of Growth Episodes
Authors: Sen Kunal , Pritchett Lant , Kar Sabyasachi , Raihan Selim
Published: December 2019

Whether democracy causes economic growth has been a matter of theoretical and empirical debate. We argue that looking at the average effect of democracy on long-run growth ignores the heterogeneity of growth experiences among authoritarian regimes relative to democratic regimes. Furthermore, the emphasis on long-run growth is not compatible with the stylized facts of economic growth in developing countries, which is characterized by frequent shifts in growth regimes from stagnant or declining growth to accelerations in growth and back again to decelerating growth. We examine the political determinants of the magnitude of growth in accelerations and deceleration episodes for 125 countries for 1950–2010. We find that the effect of the political regime on growth is asymmetric across accelerations and decelerations and that democracies do not necessarily outperform autocracies in a growth acceleration episode, though they are likely to prevent large growth collapses. We also highlight the importance of the type of autocracy in understanding the effects of regime type on growth.
Measuring Bulk Product Transportation Fuel Efficiency
Authors: Baumel C. Phillip
Published: December 2019

This paper reviews the literature that compares the fuel efficiencies of bulk commodity transportation modes. Most studies used net-ton-miles per gallon to compare modal fuel efficiencies. Net-tonmiles per gallon have traditionally been estimated from aggregate industry data of total net-tonmiles and total fuel consumed. More recent studies have targeted specific origins, destinations, products hauled, types and sizes of equipment, backhauls, and miles traveled to estimate total fuel consumption. This paper shows that fuel efficiency estimates based only on net-ton-miles per gallon can be erroneous. The paper identifies basic variables and measurement methods that can improve the accuracy of modal fuel efficiency comparisons.
Demand Analysis for Coal on the United States Inland Waterway System: Fully Modified Cointegration (FM-OLS) Approach
Authors: Chi Junwook , Baek Jungho
Published: December 2019

The Phillip-Hansen fully-modified cointegration (FM-OLS) approach is applied to examine the dynamic relationship between demand for coal barge transportation, and explanatory variables such as barge and rail rates, domestic coal consumption and production, and coal exports. The results provide strong evidence that there exists a long-run equilibrium relationship between demand for coal barge transportation and the selected variables. It is also found that, in the long-run, the domestic coal consumption and coal exports are more important than other variables in determining the demand for coal barge transportation. In the short run, on the other hand, domestic coal production is found to be the only significant determinant of coal demand. This dynamic analysis will shed new light on the dynamic interrelationships between the demand for coal barge transportation and its major determinants, and contribute to the empirical literature on transportation economics.
A Message from the Editor
Authors: Obeng Kofi , Babcock Michael W.
Published: December 2019

Message from the Editor
Airport Choice Modeling: Empirical Evidence from a Non-Hub Airport
Authors: Leon Steve
Published: December 2019

A comprehensive review of airport choice modeling studies is presented in this paper, highlighting the key determinants of passenger preferences. Empirical research presented which models using binary logistic regression in the likelihood that airline travelers in the Fargo-Moorhead Metropolitan Statistical Area will not use the local airport, but instead use the competing major hub airport in Minneapolis-St. Paul, located 250 miles away as a viable origin airport. Moreover, this study investigates whether collecting empirical data from local travel agents may perhaps allow airport planners and airport managers to identify important passenger choice behaviors without incurring the added time and expense of administering formal passenger surveys. This study found that it is possible to obtain useful data from travel agents at significantly less time and effort. The significant factors obtained from the regression analysis were trip purpose, trip duration, number of connections, and airline.
Effective Communication-Based Teaching Skill for Early Childhood Education Students
Authors: Nurani Yuliani , Hartati Sofia , Utami Ade Dwi , Hapidin Hapidin , Pratiwi Niken
Published: December 2019

The research aims to develop a series of effective communication-based teaching skills for early childhood education teachers that develop in accordance with the Indonesian National Curriculum framework used recently in Department of Early Childhood Education, Faculty of Education, State University Jakarta. Research will be conducted in two years using research and development methods. The literature review has been conducted on effective communication and teaching skills for the first year and a series of teaching skill indicators. Data gathered from early childhood education teachers in Jakarta are related to the theory and practice of teaching skills with observation, interviews and performance tests. The results of the study are indicators for Early Childhood Education (PAUD) teacher teaching skills. On the other hand, drafts of effective communication practices are conducted to be applied in teacher teaching skills. These two concepts will be used to develop a model of effective communication based teaching skills for teachers of early childhood. The result can be consideration of educational institutions educators, researchers and governments in developing training models to improve teacher teaching skills.
Spatiotemporal Variations in Temperature Accumulation, Phenological Development and Grain Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Hamid Abdul , Akbar M. Ali , Ullah M. Jafar , Marma Mong Sanue , Islam M. Mahbubul , Biswas Jatish C. , Neogi M. G.
Published: December 2019

Planting date effect on phenological development, temperature accumulation and grain yield of maize was evaluated at three locations of Bangladesh differing in environmental conditions. Marked variations were observed in days to attaining phenological stages, temperature accumulation, duration of growth stages and grain yield across locations and planting dates. October planted maize in Bandarban completed its life cycle in 116 days while February planted maize in Kaharol suffered from high temperatures. December planted maize in Birganj experienced cool weather in vegetative phase and nearly optimal temperatures during reproductive phase. High temperatures hastened maturity reducing the duration of reproductive growth. Early planted maize produced the highest grain yield. Higher grain yield was positively related with the duration of reproductive growth phase. Late planting reduced maize grain yield mainly through lowering the number of kernels per ear and reducing kernel weight.
Social welfare in the 2nd Republic of Poland – introduction to source texts
Authors: Brenk Mikołaj , Chaczko Krzysztof , Pląsek Rafał
Published: December 2019

The article presents selected aspects of the functioning of social welfare in Poland in the interwar period. The first part focuses on the key legal acts for the social welfare system created from the basics, i.e. the Social Welfare Act of 1923, as well as legal acts regulating the work of social carers, as well as those separating the assistance competences of individual levels of state administration. The second part presents fragments of theoretical works of key importance for the development of the social welfare discourse in the Second Republic of Poland. In turn, the third part shows practical aspects of the system's functioning. The authors tried to show both systemic problems that did not allow for fully effective functioning of social welfare, as well as the importance of the solutions introduced, which for the first time in the history of Poland guaranteed citizens access to basic social benefits from the state.
Medžiagų inžinerija ir medžiagotyra
Authors: Bendikienė Regita , Čiuplys Antanas , Kavaliauskienė Lina , Žaldarys Gintautas
Published: December 2019

Metodiniai nurodymai skirti studentams, studijuojantiems „Medžiagų inžinerijos ir medžiagotyros“ studijų modulį. Laboratorinių darbų metodiniai nurodymai parengti laikantis vienodos tvarkos: pradžioje nurodoma darbo užduotis, teorinė dalis ir darbo aprašymas. Knygoje pateikiami trumpi metalų liejininkystės, plastinio deformavimo, suvirinimo, medienos struktūros tyrimo bei gumos ir plastiko technologinių charakteristikų nustatymo laboratorinių darbų aprašai. Leidinys iliustruotas grafikais, paveikslais, pateiktos formulės, reikalingos skaičiavimams atlikti.
Compliance and Fatigue Life Analysis of U-shaped Flexure Hinge
Authors: Liang JingJing , Li Rui Qin , Bai Shao Ping , Li Qing , Kang Shu Hua
Published: December 2019

This paper establishes four models of U-shaped flexure hinges with different notch shapes and structure parameters, and presents the close-form compliance equations for the four structure types of U-shaped flexure hinges. The compliance of the flexure hinges is developed based on the Castiglione’s second theorem and calculus theory. A relationship between compliances and structure parameters is deduced using the models. The influences of the notch structure parameters on the compliance of the flexure hinges are investigated. Moreover, fatigue life of U-shaped flexure hinges is studied by finite element analysis, the results show that the fatigue life of flexure hinge increases gradually with the increasing of flexure hinge center thickness t and hinge notch width m.  With the increasing of the major axis of the ellipse a and semi minor axis of the ellipse b, the fatigue life of flexure hinge fluctuates locally, the general trend is a gradual decrease. The stress and fatigue life of U-shaped flexure hinges and arc flexure hinge are compared. The results show that the reliability of U-shaped flexure hinge is higher than that of circular arc flexure hinge.
Experimental Investigation of Water Droplet Heating in Humidified Air Flow
Authors: RAMANAUSKAS Virginijus , PUIDA Egidijus , MILIAUSKAS Gintautas , PAUKŠTAITIS Linas
Published: December 2019

The droplet heat and mass transfer processes are important for liquid spraying technologies, which were investigated when applying the theoretical and numerical modelling and experimental methods. In this work, results of experimental research on the heating of water droplets in purified biofuel flue gas were presented and analyzed. In experimental investigation, the purified biofuel flue gas is replaced by additionally humidified airflow. The experiment methods and results processing are discussed and provided. Impact of air heating and additional humidification was estimated. While heating and additionally humidifying the air flow was focused on boundary conditions in condense economizers, when the flue gas temperature is 20-100°C and water vapor volume fraction is 0-0.2.
Балтийская гидронимия верхнего поволжья
Authors: Yuyukin Maxim Anatoľevich
Published: December 2019

Статья посвящена лингвистическому (преимущественно этимологическому) анализу 36 гидронимов бассейна верхней Волги, которые, по мнению автора, имеют балтийское происхождение и, по его сведениям, еще не привлекали внимание топонимистов. Были использованы традиционные методы топонимического исследования, основанные на принципах сравнительно-исторического языкознания (дескриптивный, исторический, этимологический, сравнительный, структурный и др.). Важнейшим результатом проведенного исследования явилось открытие ряда достоверных балтизмов в гидронимии территорий, расположенных значительно дальше на север и северо-восток от границы балтийского ареала, известной в настоящее время (в бассейне Мологи (на всем ее протяжении), на южном и западном берегах Рыбинского водохранилища и в низовье Костромы). Были также установлены семантические и словообразовательные типы названий, выявлены их более кокретные языковые связи (там, где это возможно), фонетические особенности (как исконные, так и являющиеся результатом русской адаптации) и географическая дистрибуция.
Trust and Violence
Authors: Mensch James ,   Romanian Society for Phenomenology
Published: December 2019

Jean Améry’s memoir of his imprisonment and torture by the Nazis links the loss of “trust in the world” to the violence he experienced. The loss of trust makes him feel homeless. He can no longer find a place in the intersubjective world, the world for everyone. What is this “trust in the world” (Weltvertrauen)? How does violence destroy it? In this article, I use Améry’s remarks as guide for understanding the relation of violence, trust, and homelessness. Trust, I argue, is crucial to the constitution of the intersubjective world. Violence, by undermining trust in Others, destroys the sense that this world is “for everyone.” In excluding the victim from its “for everyone,” it enforces a homelessness that transforms the victim’s very being-in-the-world.
La morale de l’intelligence, gage de liberté chez Jeanne Lapointe
Authors: Raby Claudia
Published: December 2019

Mue par la même révolte et le même désir d’émancipation que plusieurs intellectuels de sa génération, Jeanne Lapointe participe du large mouvement des années 1950 qui prépare l’avènement de la modernité au Québec. Elle réclame la liberté humaine sur plusieurs tribunes en valorisant « une morale de l’intelligence » dont le but est de déconstruire toute forme de dogmatisme. Par sa vision humaniste de la littérature, de la critique et de l’éducation, la première femme professeure titulaire à la Faculté des lettres de l’Université Laval confronte le traditionalisme religieux, qui s’essouffle. Cette période marque le début d’un parcours exceptionnel consacré à la liberté artistique, intellectuelle et sociale au Québec.
Jeanne Lapointe et son approche de la poésie : l’exigence de vérité
Authors: Néron Camille
Published: December 2019

La lecture des textes de Jeanne Lapointe consacrés en totalité ou en partie à la poésie révèle que sa vision de la poésie repose sur le point de vue sensible et honnête du poète. Lapointe se porte à la défense de ce genre littéraire par lequel l’écrivain cherche, sans vergogne nous semble-t-il, une vérité autre, plus profonde que ne l’offre le portrait sociologique d’une époque ou d’un peuple, dépeint en majorité dans le roman. Lapointe commente la littérature québécoise en fonction de cette exigence de vérité et cite en exemple les oeuvres d’Anne Hébert et d’Hector de Saint-Denys Garneau.
Los pasatiempos como recurso didáctico en el aula de E/LE (1): Planteamientos generales. Los mensajes cifrados
Authors: Aguilar Ruiz Manuel José
Published: December 2019

Resumen: Los juegos lingüísticos que conocemos como pasatiempos (normalmente, los crucigramas y sopas de letras) se han venido ofreciendo tradicionalmente como un recurso lúdico muy útil para el aprendizaje de español como L2 y LE. Su uso se ha extendido en los últimos tiempos, sobre todo, gracias a las ventajas de multitud de páginas web como, por ejemplo, los Pasatiempos de Rayuela, del Instituto Cervantes. El aprovechamiento didáctico de estos juegos presenta un potencial enorme, ya que pueden emplearse, siempre lúdicamente, no solo como actividad motivadora en la que el aprendiz de E/LE adquiera vocabulario nuevo, sino también como un ejercicio de refuerzo que le ayude a repasar el léxico ya aprendido.
En el presente artículo trataremos de analizar brevemente los beneficios que conlleva utilizar este tipo de juegos en clase de E/LE. Nos centraremos fundamentalmente en el pasatiempo llamado mensaje cifrado o criptograma, y en algunos modos de resolverlo mediante la reflexión de la morfología y fonotaxis española, además de ofrecer un método para crearlo.
 
Palabras clave: Español, E/LE, pasatiempos, mensaje cifrado.
 
Abstract: Word puzzles as crosswords and word search puzzles have been traditionally offered as a playful resource for learning Spanish as a Second Language and Spanish as a Foreign Language. Its use has extended in recent times thanks to the advantages of a multitude of webs, such as Pasatiempos de Rayuela by Instituto Cervantes. The didactic use of these games presents an enormous potential, since they can be used not only as a motivating activity in which the learner of Spanish acquires new vocabulary, but also as a reinforcement exercise that helps the learner of Spanish to review the vocabulary learned.
In this article we will try to briefly analyze the benefits of using this type of games in Spanish class. We focus primarily on the puzle called cryptogram and in some ways to solve it by through the Spanish morphology and phonotactics, and we will offer a method to create it.
 
Keywords: Spanish, Spanish as a Second Language / Spanish as a Foreign Language, word puzzles, cryptogram
La influencia de dialectos chinos en el aprendizaje de la pronunciación de español
Authors: Chen Danna , Wang Lili
Published: December 2019

Resumen: Este trabajo pretende mostrar la influencia fonológica de los dialectos chinos en el aprendizaje de español tomando el shanghainés como ejemplo. Se hace una comparación entre el inventario consonántico y vocálico, así como la entonación del dialecto shanghainés y del chino mandarín para encontrar las características fonológicas propias del primero que ayudan en el aprendizaje del español. La investigación revela que se facilita la pronunciación de las consonantes oclusivas sonoras y la entonación menos marcada para los hablantes del shanghainés gracias a su dialecto pero no les resultan fáciles los grupos consonánticos ni la vibrante. El gran número de consonantes nasales en el chino mandarín dificulta la distinción entre las sílabas que contienen los sonidos nasales y aquellas sin ellos. Por último, se propone el trabajo colaborativo entre el profesorado nativo y no nativo para emprender una enseñanza fonética correcta y eficaz.
Palabras clave: estudio contrastivo, pronunciación de español, dialecto de China, shanghainés
Abstract: This paper aims to show the phonological influence of Chinese dialects in Spanish learning Spanish taking Shanghainese as an example. A comparison between the consonantal and vocalic inventory, as well as the intonation of the Shanghai dialect (Shanghainese) and Mandarin Chinese are made to find the phonological characteristics of the Shanghai dialect that contribute to the learning of Spanish. The research reveals that the Shanghai dialect facilitate the learning of the pronunciation of occlusive voiced consonants and the intonation in Spanish, however, like other Mandarin Chinese speakers, the Shanghainese speakers also find it difficult to pronounce the consonant groups and the alveolar trill. The large number of nasal consonants in Mandarin Chinese makes it hard to distinguish between the syllables that contain the nasal sounds and those without them. Finally, the collaborative work between native and non-native teachers is proposed to undertake a correct and effective phonetic teaching.
Keywords: contrastive study, Spanish pronunciation, Chinese dialect, Shanghainese
«Y uno podría pensar: …». Aproximación al discurso directo de pensamiento en el aula de E/LE a través de corpus conversacionales de nativos y de aprendices de español
Authors: Navarro Ciurana David
Published: December 2019

El discurso directo de pensamiento engloba todas aquellas citas que son reproducidas en la conversación y que se refieren a pensamientos no oralizados. Sin embargo, a pesar de su frecuencia en el español coloquial, no suele incluirse en los manuales de E/LE. En este artículo, se comparan dos corpus de conversaciones coloquiales, uno de nativos y otro de aprendices de español con un nivel aproximado B2. El objetivo es analizar qué similitudes y diferencias presentan la forma y las funciones pragmáticas del discurso directo de pensamiento en ambos corpus. El estudio de ambos corpus demuestra que, si bien la forma de aparición y frecuencia son similares, los aprendices de español del corpus no registran la atenuación a través de la impersonalización, por lo que se plantea su inclusión en el aula de E/LE a través de una propuesta didáctica.
Translingüismo: revisión de la literatura y aplicación didáctica para la enseñanza de ELE y ELE2
Authors: Pino Rodríguez Ana María , Trujillo Sáez Fernando Jesús , González Vázquez Antonio
Published: December 2019

El translanguaging o translingüismo supone el uso flexible de la totalidad de los recursos lingüísticos a disposición de los usuarios de más de una lengua. Ha cobrado relevancia a lo largo de los últimos años, y lo ha hecho, especialmente, en relación al tratamiento del multilingüismo en el ámbito educativo. Está aún en expansión y, por ello, es posible encontrar  definiciones diversas del mismo, lo cual hace del translanguaging una voz polisémica cuyas acepciones pueden interpretarse en distintos planos: el cognitivo, el discursivo y el sociopolítico. Cualquiera de ellas tiene implicaciones concretas a pie de aula y todas determinan un giro en los estudios sociolingüísticos actuales. Este giro queda reflejado en la actualización del Marco Común Europeo para las Lenguas (2018) y viene a trasladar el foco de atención de la investigación académica y de la Didáctica de Lenguas extrajeras desde las propias lenguas, como entidades discretas, hasta sus usuarios.
Effects of a Single Bout of Aquatic Exercise on Mood in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Genova Helen , Dacosta-Aguayo Rosalia , Goverover Yael , Smith Angela , Bober Chris , DeLuca John
Published: December 2019

Background:

Physical activity is known to be an effective way of managing multiple sclerosis (MS)–related symptoms. Furthermore, it has been reported that even a single bout of physical activity can yield improvements in mood in persons with MS. Aquatic exercise can be an effective and enjoyable physical activity in persons with MS. However, there is little research on the immediate effects of aquatic exercise on mood in people with MS. Thus, we assessed the acute effects of a single bout of aquatic exercise on mood.

Methods:

Eight adults with MS participated in a 45-minute aquatic exercise class as well as 45 minutes of a seated rest control condition. The Profile of Mood States questionnaire was given before and after each condition (rest and aquatic exercise). Repeated-measures analysis of variance and paired-samples t tests were used to examine whether aquatic exercise resulted in improvement in mood. Due to the small sample size, effect sizes were considered.

Results:

Moderate-to-large effect sizes indicated a condition × time interaction such that mood increased and fatigue decreased after a single bout of aquatic exercise compared with after rest.

Conclusions:

This proof-of-concept study suggests that mood symptoms are improved immediately after a short bout of aquatic exercise. Future research is needed to explore whether these effects are reliable and whether they can be sustained with more frequent bouts of aquatic exercise.
EXAMINING OF THE CONCEPTS OF SPACE AND PLACE IN TERMS OF THEIR MEANING
Authors: USTA Gülay
Published: December 2019

When the concept of space, which is the main object of architecture, the art of creating spaces throughout the human history, is examined it is remarkable that there are different approaches. Especially in different disciplines, the concept of space is expressed in different ways in terms of semantics. It is the right approach to take these conceptual differences as diversity and wealth. In this study, the definitions of the concept of space that is an object of architecture according to different perspectives are emphasized and the concepts of space and place are discussed. In general, it is accepted that the concept of space can be an abstract space, and the concept of space is a place that holds human experiences. When the concept of place is examined, it is seen that the concept of “home” puts the deepest meaning. The concept of “home” which has an important part in all civilizations and cultures throughout human history has etymologically important semantic values. Especially in the Anatolian architecture home has a deep meaning that makes it the subject of several phrases and proverbs.
INVESTIGATION OF DATA COLONING IN SOCIAL MEDIA THROUGH FACEBOOK APPLICATION
Authors: YENİCELER İrem
Published: December 2019

The process starting with Web 2.0 has been the initiator of a phenomenon called social media by opening the way for active internet users. These practices, which were originally thought to make individuals social by taking their name from the name, have become a state that makes individuals add information to individuals, share their knowledge with third degree people and make them all dependent. For these reasons, it has become necessary to investigate the social media and to emphasize the effects of these activities. In this study, what causes the dependencies of individuals to social media and what the social media brings to and from the lives of individuals will be examined. In this study, data colonialism, which is one of the hidden sides of social media, will be revealed by Facebook application analysis.
Certificateless Digital Signature Technology for e-Governance Solutions
Authors: Dhir Shuchi , K.A Dr. Sumithra Devi
Published: December 2019

. In spite of the fact that digital signing is an essential requirement for implementation of e-governance solutions in any organization, its use in large scale Government ICT implementation is negligible in India. In order to understand the reasons for low-level acceptance of the technology, authors performed a detailed study of a famous e-governance initiative of India. The outcome of the study revealed that the reasons are related to the challenges concerning the use of cryptographic devices carrying private key and the complicated process of generation, maintenance and disposal of Digital Signature Certificates (DSC).The solution, for the challenges understood from the case study, required implementation of a certificateless technology where private keys should be generated as and when required rather than storing them on cryptographic devices. Although many solutions which provide certificateless technology exist, to date there have been no practical implementation for using biometrics for implementing the solution. This paper presents the first realistic architecture to implement Identity Based Cryptography with biometrics using RSA algorithm. The solution presented in the paper is capable of providing a certificateless digital signature technology to the users, where public and private keys are generated on-the-fly.
Track Finding with Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Kucharczyk Marcin , Wolter Marcin
Published: December 2019

High Energy Physics experiments require fast and efficient methods toreconstruct the tracks of charged particles. Commonly used algorithms aresequential and the CPU required increases rapidly with a number of tracks.Neural networks can speed up the process due to their capability to modelcomplex non-linear data dependencies and finding all tracks in parallel.In this paper we describe the application of the Deep Neural Networkto the reconstruction of straight tracks in a toy two-dimensional model. It isplanned to apply this method to the experimental data taken by the MUonEexperiment at CERN.
The representational space of observed actions
Authors: Tucciarelli Raffaele , Wurm Moritz , Baccolo Elisa , Lingnau Angelika
Published: December 2019

Categorizing and understanding other people’s actions is a key human capability. Whereas there exists a growing literature regarding the organization of objects, the representational space underlying the organization of observed actions remains largely unexplored. Here we examined the organizing principles of a large set of actions and the corresponding neural representations. Using multiple regression representational similarity analysis of fMRI data, in which we accounted for variability due to major action components (body parts, scenes, movements, objects, sociality, transitivity) and three control models (distance between observer and actor, number of people, HMAX-C1), we found that the semantic dissimilarity structure was best captured by patterns of activation in the lateral occipitotemporal cortex (LOTC). Together, our results demonstrate that the organization of observed actions in the LOTC resembles the organizing principles used by participants to classify actions behaviorally, in line with the view that this region is crucial for accessing the meaning of actions.
Molecular determinants of the Ska-Ndc80 interaction and their influence on microtubule tracking and force-coupling
Authors: Huis in 't Veld Pim J , Volkov Vladimir A , Stender Isabelle D , Musacchio Andrea , Dogterom Marileen
Published: December 2019

Errorless chromosome segregation requires load-bearing attachments of the plus ends of spindle microtubules to chromosome structures named kinetochores. How these end-on kinetochore attachments are established following initial lateral contacts with the microtubule lattice is poorly understood. Two microtubule-binding complexes, the Ndc80 and Ska complexes, are important for efficient end-on coupling and may function as a unit in this process, but precise conditions for their interaction are unknown. Here, we report that the Ska-Ndc80 interaction is phosphorylation-dependent and does not require microtubules, applied force, or several previously identified functional determinants including the Ndc80-loop and the Ndc80-tail. Both the Ndc80-tail, which we reveal to be essential for microtubule end-tracking, and Ndc80-bound Ska stabilize microtubule ends in a stalled conformation. Modulation of force-coupling efficiency demonstrates that the duration of stalled microtubule disassembly predicts whether a microtubule is stabilized and rescued by the kinetochore, likely reflecting a structural transition of the microtubule end.
Gradient-independent Wnt signaling instructs asymmetric neurite pruning in C. elegans
Authors: Lu Menghao , Mizumoto Kota
Published: December 2019

During development, the nervous system undergoes a refinement process by which neurons initially extend an excess number of neurites, the majority of which will be eliminated by the mechanism called neurite pruning. Some neurites undergo stereotyped and developmentally regulated pruning. However, the signaling cues that instruct stereotyped neurite pruning are yet to be fully elucidated. Here we show that Wnt morphogen instructs stereotyped neurite pruning for proper neurite projection patterning of the cholinergic motor neuron called PDB in C. elegans. In lin-44/wnt and lin-17/frizzled mutant animals, the PDB neurites often failed to prune and grew towards the lin-44-expressing cells. Surprisingly, membrane-tethered lin-44 is sufficient to induce proper neurite pruning in PDB, suggesting that neurite pruning does not require a Wnt gradient. LIN-17 and DSH-1/Dishevelled proteins were recruited to the pruning neurites in lin-44-dependent manners. Our results revealed the novel gradient-independent role of Wnt signaling in instructing neurite pruning.
Insights into the dynamic control of breathing revealed through cell-type-specific responses to substance P
Authors: Baertsch Nathan A , Ramirez Jan-Marino
Published: December 2019

The rhythm generating network for breathing must continuously adjust to changing metabolic and behavioral demands. Here, we examined network-based mechanisms in the mouse preBötzinger complex using substance P, a potent excitatory modulator of breathing frequency and stability, as a tool to dissect network properties that underlie dynamic breathing. We find that substance P does not alter the balance of excitation and inhibition during breaths or the duration of the resulting refractory period. Instead, mechanisms of recurrent excitation between breaths are enhanced such that the rate that excitation percolates through the network is increased. We propose a conceptual framework in which three distinct phases of inspiration, the burst phase, refractory phase, and percolation phase, can be differentially modulated to control breathing dynamics and stability. Unraveling mechanisms that support this dynamic control may improve our understanding of nervous system disorders that destabilize breathing, many of which involve changes in brainstem neuromodulatory systems.
Critical multi-stranded approach for determining the ecological values of diatoms in unique aquatic ecosystems of anthropogenic origin
Authors: Olszyński Rafał M. , Szczepocka Ewelina , Żelazna-Wieczorek Joanna
Published: December 2019

Background

The ecological state of surface waters is typically assessed by a multi-aspect approach based on a determination of its chemical and physical parameters, by hydromorphology and the use of indicator organisms such as benthic diatoms. By assigning ecological indicator values, it is possible to create diatom indices which serve as the basic tool in assessing the ecological status of surface waters. These ecological indicator values are set according to classification systems, such as the Van Dam, Mertens & Sinkeldam (1994) system, which classifies species of diatoms according to seven different ecological factors. However, recent studies on the autecology of diatoms have shown the need to verify and establish new ecological indicator values. To this end, aquatic ecosystems are good environments to observe the range of tolerance of benthic diatoms to environmental conditions due to their unique physical and chemical parameters. The aim of the present study was to propose the establishment of new, or altered, ecological indicator values, according to the Van Dam, Mertens & Sinkeldam (1994) classification, of species of diatoms characteristic of three post-mining aquatic ecosystems.

Methods

In total, 36 species were identified that were characteristic of three waterbodies: a salt aquatic complex (water outflow, a drainage ditch and a pond), mined iron ore reservoirs and a mined lignite reservoir. Their ecological indicator values were specified using OMNIDIA software, and the environmental conditions prevailing in the studied ecosystems were determined. Of the 36 characteristic species, 16 lacking at least one assigned ecological indicator value were analyzed further. The analysis identified three groups of selected characteristic species which showed a correlation, or lack of such, to the tested physical and chemical parameters.

Results

Based on this multistage study of the autecology of characteristic diatoms, comprising an analysis of environmental conditions, literature analysis and reference ecological indicator values of other species, it is proposed that 32 ecological indicator values be established or adjusted for 16 species, and that Planothidium frequentissimum be excluded from water quality assessments.
Gouverner par la traduction au Canada : le cas des discours sur le budget
Authors:   Université de Montréal (Canadá), Gagnon Chantal
Published: December 2019

Koskinen soutient que la fonction centrale d’une institution, c’est la gouvernance (2014: 481), et que les institutions multilingues ont recours à la traduction pour gouverner. Ce besoin de gouverner par la traduction crée une pratique de traduction particulière. C’est à partir de ce point de vue que nous analyserons les discours sur le budget du gouvernement fédéral de 1970 à 1995. Pour étudier les textes politico-budgétaires de notre corpus, nous adopterons l’approche de l’analyse critique du discours, qui a pour ambition d’informer le grand public à propos des relations de pouvoir, souvent dissimulées dans les situations communicationnelles (Fairclough, 2015 [1989]). Nous nous interrogerons notamment sur les éventuelles divergences entre les allocutions françaises et anglaises du corpus. Ces divergences évoquent-elles une lutte de pouvoir entre les deux communautés linguistiques? Pour repérer les marqueurs idéologiques du corpus, nous relèverons, à l’aide d’une analyse semi-automatisée, les occurrences des lemmes Canada dans les textes originaux anglais et leur traduction française. Pour effectuer ce forage textuel, nous utiliserons des concordanciers bilingue et unilingue. Dans nos travaux précédents, notamment effectués sur la traduction de messages télévisés, la traduction des lemmes Canada laissait entrevoir une lutte de pouvoir entre le discours nationaliste québécois et le discours nationaliste pan-canadien. La présente étude montrera que ce type de lutte de pouvoir est encore présent dans les discours sur le budget, avec certaines différences.
Enhancing thematic competence by exposure to professional discourse in economic translation1
Authors:   Palacký University Olomouc (Czechia), Klabal Ondrej , Kubánek Michal ,   Palacký University Olomouc (Czechia)
Published: December 2019

This paper discusses a situation in a course on economic translation for BA students, and tries to show how exposure to professional discourse helps master the “lingo” of the professional community. An experiment was carried out to show what impact, if any, exposure to professional discourse has on the terminological and phraseological quality as well as on the overall acceptability of translation in this domain. In controlled classroom settings, students were assigned to translate a text on macroeconomic outlook from English to Czech. The first group of participants was asked to translate the text immediately. The second group was first exposed to three TV interviews on the same topic, and then asked to translate the text. The third group was presented with three newspaper articles on the same topic, and then asked to translate the text. The student translations were then assessed with respect to selected rich points to see if there were any differences between the groups. The results suggest that exposure to professional discourse in written form increases the use of idiomatic terminology and phraseology as well as the overall acceptability of the translation while the oral form only increases the overall acceptability of the translation. The potential of using such exercises in specialized translation classroom is discussed.
Estudio contrastivo (francés-español) de convenciones textuales y rasgos lingüísticos de pólizas de seguro de automóvil
Authors:   Universidad de Córdoba (España), Díaz Alarcón Soledad , Aguilar Camacho María del Carmen ,   Universidad de Córdoba (España)
Published: December 2019

La normativa europea impone la obligación de asegurar los vehículos a motor. Esta obligación se traduce, en la práctica, en la firma de un contrato de seguro que establece los derechos y obligaciones del asegurado y que denominamos póliza de seguro de automóvil. Esta póliza debe estar redactada en una lengua comprensible para ambos contratantes, lo que implica necesariamente su traducción. Disponer de una traducción de calidad requiere, por parte del traductor, el conocimiento tanto de las convenciones como de la estructura teórica del género textual en cuestión. En este trabajo presentamos los resultados de un análisis descriptivo-comparativo de pólizas de seguro de automóvil españolas y francesas. Nuestro principal objetivo es proporcionar al profesional de la traducción, así como al docente y alumno de traducción, el conocimiento de las convenciones de género que rigen este tipo de pólizas, al igual que sus peculiaridades lingüísticas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran las coincidencias y divergencias recogidas en las condiciones particulares y generales, modalidades y servicios concebidos, así como los rasgos morfosintácticos y léxicos característicos de los textos en ambas lenguas. Una significativa selección de ejemplos extraídos de pólizas de seguro de automóvil españolas y francesas sustentan nuestro estudio.
Dietary Effects of Almond (Prunus amygdalus dulcis) Seed Powder on the Reproductive Indices in Male African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Broodstock
Authors: Ayokanmi Dada Adekunle , Cynthia Elemuo Chioma , Opeyemi Oke Israel
Published: December 2019

Aims: To examine the dietary effects of Prunus amygdalus dulcis seed meal on the sperm quality of male African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus).

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out at the Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology Teaching and Research Farm, The Federal University of Technology, Akure for a period of 70 days.

Methodology: Five diets with crude protein of 40% were formulated with different inclusion levels of P. amygdalus dulcis seed powder. D1 (control) has 0 g of the powder, while D2, D3, D4 and D5 has 5, 10, 15 and 20 g of the P. amygdalus dulcis seed powder in 100 g of feed respectively. A total of 45 C. gariepinus were randomly distributed into 15 concrete tanks (2×2×1.5 m) at stocking density of 3 fish per tank and constant water level of 1 m was maintained in the experimental tanks. The fish were fed at 3% of body weight twice a day between 08.00-09.00 and 16.00-17.00 hours for a period of 70 days. At the end of the 70-day experiment, gonadosomatic index and reproductive indices such as milt volume, motility duration, spermatozoa count, percentage motility, percentage fertilization, percentage hatchability and percentage survival of fry were determined. The qualities of the milt were assessed by aid of microscope and by fertility tests. Histological examination of the testes of fish fed each of the diets was also carried out.

Results: Fish fed experimental diets showed significantly improved gonado-somatic index and reproductive indices over the control treatment. Higher gonado-somatic index and reproductive indices were recorded for the fish fed diet of 20 g/kg P. amygdalus dulcis seed powder compared to other experimental diets.

Conclusion: The results indicated that supplementing diets with P. amygdalus dulcis seed powder enhanced growth and improved gonadosomatic index, and reproductive indices of male C. gariepinus broodstocks which can be exploited in fish seeds production.
Adaptation and Impact of Zero Tillage Technology for Wheat Cultivation in Eastern Region of Bihar
Authors: Gupta Sanjeev Kumar , Kumar Sanoj , Sohane R. K. , Pathak S. K. , Raghawan S. , Patil Shridhar , Patel Arvind Bhai
Published: December 2019

The present study aims to determine the adaptation and impact of zero tiltage technology for wheat cultivation in Eastern region of Bihar.

There is an increasing recognition among policy-makers of the largely untapped potential of the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) for meeting state- and national-level food needs in India. Zero-tillage (ZT) technology has been proven for enhancing wheat productivity and, hence, food security in the IGP while reducing production costs – a 'win-win' which support rapid/fast technology scaling even though adoption remains modest to date. ZT technology is well known in the form of CA, that involves continuous minimum mechanical soil disturbance, permanent organic soil cover with crop residues or cover crops and diversified, efficient and economically viable crop rotations provide opportunities for saving on inputs, improving resource use efficiency and mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and climate change adaptation. Under the Farmers First project, an attempt was made to introduce ZT technology among two adopted villages under Goradih block of Bhagalpur district in Bihar, India. The result has shown that ZT is gaining popularity amongst the farmers in the adopted villages for establishing wheat crop for higher income and sustainability of the farming community. This technology allows rice-wheat farmers for direct drilling of wheat sooner after rice harvest without any preparatory tillage, so that wheat crop heads and fills grain before the onset of pre-monsoon. This involves sowing with a specially-designed zero-till seed-cum-fertilizer drill/planter, which has inverted 'T' type furrow opener to make a narrow slit in the soil for placing seed and fertilizer.  Wheat was sown by zero tillage technology that helped in advancing sowing time, reduced cost of cultivation in terms of land preparation (Rs.3850/ha), saving in labours time (6-7 hrs/ha), fuel (44 ltr/ha), environmental pollution (60%) as well as water-saving (33%).
Knowledge of Pre-hospital Emergency Medical Technician about Endotracheal Intubation: A Manikin Study
Authors: Parviz Pourazizi , Iraj Aghaei , Ehsan Kazemnezhad Leyli , Majid Pourshaikhian
Published: December 2019

Background: Pre-hospital emergency is an important part of the health-care system helping for critically ill patients in the life-threatening conditions by endotracheal intubation, preventing complications and mortality. The present study was conducted to determine the knowledge of pre-hospital emergency staff about the endotracheal intubation.

Methods and Materials: This was an analytical cross-sectional study performed on 70 pre-hospital staff in Rasht. Samples were obtained through census. Data collection tools included a researcher-made questionnaire with three parts: Demographic and job characteristics with 14 questions and knowledge questionnaire, with 15 questions. The reliability coefficient of the knowledge questionnaire was 0.87 and the interclass correlation coefficient was 0.86. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, mean and standard deviation (in the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests) were used. The collected data were entered into SPSS 24 software and analyzed.

Results: The majority of study participants were in the age groups of 26-30 and 36-40 years. Regarding education, the majority had associate and bachelor's degree. The findings of the pre-hospital emergency department staff's knowledge and status of the endotracheal tube insertion based on individual and occupational variables showed that the knowledge score based on work experience in the health system (p=0.05) and having unsuccessful intubation at six months (p=0.009) was statistically different, so that employees with higher work experience were less aware of endotracheal intubation and employees who have had a history of unsuccessful intubation for the past six months have had a higher level of knowledge.

Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the knowledge of pre-hospital emergency personnel was in moderate level and needs educational programs to reach the optimum level.
Mn(III)‐Mediated Regioselective 6‐endo‐trig Radical Cyclization of o‐Vinylaryl Isocyanides to Access 2‐Functionalized Quinolines
Authors: Liu Yan , Li Shi‐Jun , Chen Xiao‐Lan , Fan Lu‐Lu , Li Xiao‐Yun , Zhu Shan‐Shan , Qu Ling‐Bo , Yu Bing
Published: December 2019

A Mn(III)‐mediated radical cyclization reaction of o‐vinylaryl isocyanides and arylboronic acids or diphenylphosphine oxides to access various 2‐functionalized quinolines under mild conditions was developed. With the introduction of radical stabilizing substituents (e. g. aryl and methyl group) on vinyl group, this reaction provides a regiospecific 6‐endo‐trig radical cyclization of o‐vinylaryl isocyanides, giving a number of structurally unique and biologically potential 2‐functionalized quinoline derivatives.

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