bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on short-term traffic flow prediction based on the tensor decomposition algorithm
Authors: Tong Mingyu , Duan Huiming , Luo Xilin
Published: November 2020

In view of the uncertainties in short-time traffic flows and the multimode correlation of traffic flow data, a grey prediction model for short-time traffic flows based on tensor decomposition is proposed. First, traffic flow data are expressed as tensors based on the multimode characteristics of traffic flow data, and the principle of the tensor decomposition algorithm is introduced. Second, the Verhulst model is a classic grey prediction model that can effectively predict saturated S-type data, but traffic flow data do not have saturated S-type data. Therefore, the tensor decomposition algorithm is applied to the Verhulst model, and then, the Verhulst model of the tensor decomposition algorithm is established. Finally, the new model is applied to short-term traffic flow prediction, and an instance analysis shows that the model can deeply excavate the multimode correlation of traffic flow data. At the same time, the effect of the new model is superior to five other grey prediction models. The predicted results can provide intelligent transportation system planning, control and optimization with reliable real-time dynamic information in a timely manner.
Effects and Acceptability of an Individualized Home-Based 10-Week Training Program in Adults with Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1
Authors: Lessard Isabelle , Gaboury Sébastien , Gagnon Cynthia , Bouchard Kévin , Chapron Kévin , Lavoie Mélissa , Lapointe Patrick , Duchesne Elise
Published: November 2020

Background:

Muscle weakness is a cardinal sign of myotonic dystrophy type 1, causing important functional mobility limitations and increasing the risk of falling. As a non-pharmacological, accessible and safe treatment for this population, strength training is an intervention of choice.

Objective:

To document the effects and acceptability of an individualized semi-supervised home-based exercise program on functional mobility, balance and lower limb strength, and to determine if an assistive training device has a significant impact on outcomes.

Methods:

This study used a pre-post test design and men with the adult form of DM1 were randomly assigned to the control or device group. The training program was performed three times a week for 10 weeks and included three exercises (sit-to-stand, squat, and alternated lunges). Outcome measures included maximal isometric muscle strength, 10-Meter Walk Test, Mini-BESTest, 30-Second Chair Stand Test and 6-minute walk test.

Results:

No outcome measures showed a significant difference, except for the strength of the knee flexors muscle group between the two assessments. All participants improved beyond the standard error of measurement in at least two outcome measures. The program and the device were well accepted and all participants reported many perceived improvements at the end of the program.

Conclusions:

Our results provide encouraging data on the effects and acceptability of a home-based training program for men with the adult form of DM1. These programs would reduce the financial burden on the health system while improving the clinical services offered to this population.
ASSOCIATION OF GENOTYPES OF POLYMORPHISMS OF GENES FGFR2, LSP, AND LOC643714 WITH THE RISK OF A POSITIVE MUTATIONAL STATUS OF THE HER-2/NEU GENE IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Klimuk Bogdana , Polinik Svitlana , Ribchenko Lyudmila , Zakhartseva Lubov , Dugan Oleksyi , Klymenko Sergiy
Published: November 2020

Breast cancer is the result of genetic and environmental factors that lead to the accumulation of mutations in key regulatory genes. Genetic predisposition to cancer pathologies may be due to mutations in individual genes, such as in BRCA1 and BRCA2, or may be due to a cumulative effect as a result of the interaction of genes of low penetrance. This paper reviews the alleles that determine the risk of high and low penetrance breast cancer and discusses ongoing efforts to identify additional susceptibility genes. The identification of propensity genes is a prerequisite for an individualized assessment of breast cancer risk and a decrease in the incidence of breast cancer. The main goal of this study is to determine the associations of polymorphic variants rs2981582 and rs1219648 of FGFR2, rs3817198 of LSP and rs3803662 of LOC643714 with the risk of breast cancer and the development of a positive mutational status of Her-2/neu. The study group included 300 women diagnosed with breast cancer. Fluorescent in situ hybridization was performed on tumor tissue materials from these patients to determine the amplification status of the Her-2/neu. The distribution of genotypes and alleles was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction for the following polymorphic variants rs1219648 of FGFR2 (n = 44), rs2981582 of FGFR (n = 99), rs3817198 of LSP1 (n = 75) and rs3803662 of the LOC643714 (n = 82). Among the studied genotypes of polymorphic variants rs3817198 of LSP1, rs3803662 of LOC643714, rs2981582 and rs1219648 of FGFR2, with the inclusion of the risk allele, the association of the propensity to develop breast cancer in women according to the multiplicative model of inheritance (p> 0.05) was not determined. According to the codominant inheritance model, there is an associative relationship with the risk of breast cancer and polymorphism rs3817198 of LSP1, rs3803662 of LOC64371 and rs2981582 of FGFR2 with homozygous genotypes for rare alleles (p <0.05). Women with a positive amplification status of the Her-2/neu, patients with breast cancer, were more likely to carry the risk allele G (OR = 4.80; 95% CI 1.21–28.04, p <0.05) and genotype GG ( OR = 5.82; 95% CI 1.38-16.74, p <0.05) rs3803662 polymorphism of LOC643714, compared with a group of women with negative amplification status of Her-2/neu in patients diagnosed with breast cancer. The results of this study can be useful for searching for additional genetic predictors of breast cancer and a positive mutational status of Her-2/neu.
ПЕРЕКРЕСТНЫЕ ТРОПЫ КИЕВСКОЙ ХИРУРГИИ (ЧАСТЬ 1). УНИВЕРСИТЕТСКАЯ КЛИНИКА
Authors: Dubenko Dmytro
Published: November 2020

В работе освещены исторические аспекты развития и становления хирургии в Киеве в 19 и 20 веках. На основе архивных документов изображена хронология создания факультетской хирургической клиники Киевского университета святого Владимира. Описаны отдельные факты работы клиники во времена Российской империи, революционных событий 1917-1921 годов, Советской власти и немецкой оккупации Киева 1941-1943 годов. В работе представлены биографические факты о руководителях и работниках факультетской хирургической клиники, в частности, Евгении Черняховском, Юрии Вороном, Вере Гедройц, Николае Волковиче, Алексее Лазуренко.
INFLUENCE OF SLEEP DISTURBANCES ON COGNITIVE DECLINE IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON’S DISEASE
Authors: Shkodina Anastasiia , Tarianyk Kateryna , Boiko Dmytro
Published: November 2020

The article summarizes the arguments and counter-arguments within the scientific discussion on the impact of sleep disorders on the development of cognitive decline in patients with Parkinson's disease. The main purpose of the study is to study the possibility of predicting the development of cognitive decline by assessing the severity of sleep disorders and their differences in the presence of cognitive impairment. Systematization of literature sources and approaches to solving the problem showed that sleep disorders develop in the early stages of Parkinson's disease and are often accompanied by cognitive impairment. Cognitive decline is manifested throughout Parkinson's disease and ranges from moderate in the early stages to dementia in the late stages. The relevance of the study of the relationship between sleep disorders and cognitive functions lies in the possibility of further improving the prediction of the development of cognitive decline in order to effectively correct it. Treatment of sleep disorders can be accompanied by improved memory and even morphological changes in the brain. Therefore, the question arises about the possibility of correcting cognitive decline by influencing sleep disorders. The methodology of the study included assessment of the overall status of patients on a unified scale of Parkinson's disease, Montreal cognitive rating scale and sleep scale in Parkinson's disease. The duration of the study was 8 months. Patients with Parkinson's disease were selected as the study. The article presents the results of a survey of patients who show that patients with Parkinson's disease and cognitive decline showed a predominance of motor disorders, sleep disorders and the overall score on the sleep scale in Parkinson's disease. In the presence of cognitive decline more pronounced disorders of motor functions in everyday life, which can lead to sleep disorders and its quality. The study empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the assessment of sleep disorders can be used to predict the risk of developing cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease. The results of this study may be useful for improving the early diagnosis and prevention of cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease, which, in turn, leads to improved quality of treatment of these patients. Such changes can directly affect the choice of therapeutic tactics and improve the quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease. The question of the features of various sleep disorders and their prognostic value in relation to cognitive decline in patients with various forms of Parkinson's disease remains open.
Effect of Mexidol-Vet® on the course and outcome of acute radiation injury in rats
Authors: Vasil'ev Roman
Published: November 2020

This paper presents experimental data on the effect of the drug Mexidol-Vet® on the course and outcome of acute radiation damage in rats caused by a single, general, external gamma radiation. There was a 20 % decrease in mortality in animals relative to the control values, activation of erythropoiesis, and a decrease in the severity of erythrocytopenia, leukocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia with the use of Mexidol-Vet®. The supposed mechanism of radioprotective and therapeutic action is the pronounced antioxidant and membrane-protective properties of the drug.
Study of phase transformations in complex phase steel using a mesoscale cellular automaton model Part I: Modeling Fundamentals
Authors: Opara Jarosław , Kuziak Roman
Published: November 2020

A two-dimensional mesoscale model based on the concept of hybrid cellular automata is developed to study phase transformations in a complex phase steel during continuous cooling. The model is capable of simulating microstructure evolution with carbon diffusion in the volume and along grain boundaries, γ/α interfaces migration into austenite, as well as formation of bainite and martensite islands during intensive cooling in lower temperatures. In contrast to the classic statistical approaches which are based on the assumption of modeling one point in the material with homogeneous microstructure, the proposed phase transformations’ model in the mesoscale accounts for material heterogeneity. The simulation results in the form of a digital material representation with microstructures and maps showing the carbon concentration field as well as microhardness distribution are presented. One of the main advantages of the model is that has only seven adjustment coefficients that are used in the fitting process.
Study of phase transformations in complex phase steel using a mesoscale cellular automaton model Part II: Experiments and Validation
Authors: Opara Jaroslaw , Kuziak Roman
Published: November 2020

A two-dimensional mesoscale model based on the concept of hybrid cellular automata was used to study phase transformations in a complex phase steel during continuous cooling. This model enables simulation of the decomposition of austenite into ferrite, bainite, and martensite, accompanied by calculations of volume and grain boundary diffusion of carbon. In effect, as a result, one can observe the morphology of simulated microstructures, corresponding carbon segregation as well as microhardness distribution. These results with the kinetics of austenite to ferrite phase transformation and predicted values of the complex phase steel hardness are the subject of model validation. A series of dilatometric experiments were carried out with constant cooling rates in order to construct a CCT diagram and validate the presented model. The convergence of simulated results with empirical outcomes was confirmed quantitatively using a dedicated goal function and data summaries in the table and graphs. However, some qualitative and quantitative discrepancies in terms of microstructure morphology are indicated which was possible thanks to applying a wide range of different validation parameters of the model. It is emphasized how crucial is the use of appropriate validation methodology.
Visión global y nacional del estaño entre 2010 y 2014
Authors: Silva Fábio Tenório , Araújo Franciolli da Silva Dantas , Fecury Amanda Alves , Oliveira Euzébio , Dendasck Carla Viana , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos
Published: November 2020

La producción brasileña de estaño a escala industrial comenzó en la década de 1940 y se expandió en 1950. Sin embargo, la importancia interna sólo ocurrió con el descubrimiento del yacimiento de cassiterita de Rondánia en 1950. A pesar de ello, el Brasil no formaba parte del International Tin Counciul (ITC), que era el acuerdo de mercado de los países mayoritarios en la producción de estaño en ese momento y esto se convirtió en un obstáculo para la valorización del estaño en el comercio internacional. La lata metálica se emplea en el recubrimiento para contenedores de acero, en la producción de soldadura para juntas de tuberías o circuitos eléctricos, en cerámica, en la fabricación de vidrio, en la producción de latón y en su forma secundaria, chatarra, se utiliza en la producción de estaño. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar el panorama mundial y nacional del estaño entre 2010 y 2014. Los datos para realizar este artículo fueron tomados del Departamento Nacional de Producción Mineral – DNPM (http://www.dnpm.gov.br/). La investigación bibliográfica se llevó a cabo en artículos científicos encontrados en la red informática mundial. Tin pasó por un período relativamente positivo entre los años encuestados. Se encontró que la producción mundial de estaño tenía pocos cambios; mientras que Asia es el principal continente que posee reservas de estaño; que la producción brasileña de estaño metálico y contenido aumentó durante el período analizado; que el Brasil exporta más que el estaño de las importaciones; que el consumo aparente variaba, acercándose a un máximo; y que el precio de la tonelada fue muy cercano durante los años encuestados. Las crisis en el mercado internacional no han podido afectar tan fuertemente a la producción que aumentó de las inversiones en la extracción de materias primas.
Colapso del puerto de Santana-AP en marzo de 2013: Perspectivas de un impacto socioambiental en el río Amazonas, Brasil
Authors: Souza Keulle Oliveira da , Silva Inailza Barata , Cordeiro Nadabe de Jesus da Silva , Neto Lúcio Osvaldo Rabelo Mendes , Macêdo Jucimeire Rocha , Moreira Elisângela Claudia de Medeiros , Dendasck Carla Viana , Moraes Jones Souza , Ramos João Batista Santiago , Silva Iracely Rodrigues da , Oliveira Euzébio de
Published: November 2020

Este artículo consiste en un análisis del colapso del Puerto de Exportación de Mineral de Hierro, ubicado en el municipio de Santana/AP, que tuvo lugar en marzo de 2013, y sus consecuencias, especialmente sociales y ambientales. Sobre la base de estos aspectos, este artículo tenía como objetivo analizar cuáles eran y siguen siendo las implicaciones de un impacto socioambiental en el río Amazonas, seis años después del colapso del Puerto de Santana-AP. Metodológicamente, se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo-analítico y exploratorio, desarrollado a través de una investigación de revisión bibliográfica, sobre la literatura publicada en libros, artículos científicos publicados en revistas, así como el análisis de documentos e informes oficiales, relacionados con estudios sobre el desastre. Una nueva fase de exploración mineral se desencadenó en el estado de Amapá en las primeras décadas del siglo XXI. En este contexto, los municipios de Santana y Pedra Branca do Amapari eran y siguen siendo ciudades estratégicas para el funcionamiento de la dinámica de la exploración mineral en el Estado. El colapso de la estructura portuaria mató a seis personas, vertió una gran cantidad de mineral de hierro sobre el río Amazonas, afectando directamente las características ambientales de Río, así como el modo de vida de las comunidades que dependen de él, porque estos pueblos tienen relaciones culturales de utilidad directa y supervivencia con él. A largo plazo, el desastre afectó la economía mineral amapaense, causó despidos masivos, quiebra de muchos proveedores de servicios, entre otros. Dadas las debilidades evidenciadas y agravadas por el derrumbe del Puerto de Santana, se concluye que es esencial reformatear las políticas urbanísticas-territoriales que invierten, desde la instalación de estas empresas, incluso en la prevención y alertas de posibles desastres, especialmente en regiones que tienen grandes proyectos minerales, como el caso en estudio.
Panorama nacional del niobio entre 2010 y 2014
Authors: Brittes Tamires Luara de Oliveira , Araújo Franciolli da Silva Dantas , Fecury Amanda Alves , Oliveira Euzébio , Dendasck Carla Viana , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos
Published: November 2020

La minería es la actividad de extracción de un bien mineral de la corteza terrestre. El niobio (Nb) es el elemento del número 41 en la tabla periódica de elementos químicos, como el metal de transición, con su grado de dureza en la escala de mohs igual a 6. Los principales productos de niobio de interés industrial son actualmente ferroniobio, aleaciones de vacío de niobio pentoxido y niobio metálico. Brasil es el titular de las mayores reservas minerales y lidera el mercado cuando se habla de Niobio, actualmente sus reservas se estiman alrededor de 842,460.00 toneladas con un contenido promedio de 0.73% de Nb2O5. Con la incorporación de nuevas políticas y renovaciones de contratos, Brasil ha consolidado su posición en el mercado internacional, teniendo como principales consumidores Estados Unidos, Japón, Holanda, China, Alemania, Canadá, Corea del Sur, Rusia y el Reino Unido. El aumento del precio del petróleo en el período de 2003 a julio de 2008 hizo posible nuevos proyectos de exploración y el mantenimiento de líneas de transmisión desactivadas, lo que requirió una mayor producción de tubos de acero con resistencia al calor y a las bajas temperaturas, lo que impulsó las inversiones en nuevos estudios sobre el uso de sustancias que satisfacían la demanda , aumentando así el mercado interior del Niobio.
Panorama national du niobium entre les années 2010 à 2014
Authors: Brittes Tamires Luara de Oliveira , Araújo Franciolli da Silva Dantas , Fecury Amanda Alves , Oliveira Euzébio , Dendasck Carla Viana , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos
Published: November 2020

L’exploitation minière est l’activité d’extraction d’un bien minéral de la croûte terrestre. Niobium (Nb) est l’élément n ° 41 dans le tableau périodique des éléments chimiques, tels que le métal de transition, avec son degré de dureté sur l’échelle mohs égale à 6. Les principaux produits niobium d’intérêt industriel sont actuellement le ferroniobium, les alliages de vide à base de pentoxide niobium et le niobium métallique. Le Brésil est le détenteur des plus grandes réserves minérales et est en tête du marché lorsqu’il parle de Niobium, actuellement ses réserves sont estimées à environ 842.460,00 tonnes avec une teneur moyenne de 0,73% de Nb2O5. Avec l’ajout de nouvelles politiques et de renouvellements de contrats, le Brésil a consolidé sa position sur le marché international, ayant comme principaux consommateurs les États-Unis, le Japon, la Hollande, la Chine, l’Allemagne, le Canada, la Corée du Sud, la Russie et le Royaume-Uni. La hausse du prix du pétrole entre 2003 et juillet 2008 a permis de nouveaux projets d’exploration et le maintien de lignes de transmission désactivées, ce qui a nécessité une plus grande production de tuyaux d’acier résistants à la chaleur et à des températures basses, ce qui a stimulé les investissements dans de nouvelles études sur l’utilisation de substances qui répondaient à la demande. , augmentant ainsi le marché intérieur de Niobium.
Réserve, production, marché et consommation de manganèse brésilien entre 2010 et 2013
Authors: Torres Carine Correa , Araújo Franciolli da Silva Dantas , Fecury Amanda Alves , Oliveira Euzébio , Dendasck Carla Viana , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos
Published: November 2020

Habituellement trouvé à l’état solide, le manganèse (Mn) est une substance métallique, est l’un des éléments les plus abondants de la croûte terrestre, étant associé à d’autres éléments, formant divers types de minéraux, mais il ya peu qui composent les minéraux du minerai de manganèse. L’extraction, ou l’extraction, du minerai de manganèse peut être effectuée par la méthode à ciel ouvert à l’aide d’excavatrices mécaniques, rippesr, draglines, ou d’autres équipements, sans l’utilisation d’explosifs. Les réserves examinées dans l’article se réfèrent aux réserves lavables officiellement approuvées par le Département national de la production minérale, sans tenir compte de celles qui sont sous licence, extraction et autorisation d’exploitation minière. La recherche a été réalisée dans des résumés minéraux publiés par le Département national de la production minérale – DNPM, les données ont été prises à partir des résumés et compilées dans le programme Excel de l’ensemble Office de Microsoft Corporatoion, pour une analyse plus approfondie. Des articles scientifiques des bases de données Google Scholar, Scielo et Periodicos Capes ont été utilisés. On a observé que la production de manganèse est étroitement liée au marché de consommation, diminuant ou augmentant en fonction de ses besoins. Ce qui peut influencer le maintien du Brésil dans une position privilégiée parmi les principaux producteurs de manganèse dans le monde, ce sont ses réserves. Étant donné qu’il s’existe de réserves importantes et à forte teneur au Brésil, l’exploitation du minerai de manganèse devient économiquement viable, augmentant la production, compte tenu de la demande du marché de consommation national et étranger. Les États qui détiennent la majorité de la production sont Pará (70%), Minas Gerais (15%) et Mato Grosso do Sul (14,6%). Compte tenu des résultats présentés, il est entendu que le Brésil a suffisamment de potentiel pour être dans une position plus avantageuse parmi les principaux producteurs de manganèse dans le monde, en raison des réserves qu’il possède. Bien qu’il dispose de quantités considérables, le Brésil doit encore investir dans la recherche qui indique de nouvelles réserves à exploiter, afin que la production brésilienne réponde à la demande croissante du marché de consommation, en particulier lorsqu’il se réfère à l’exportation de ses produits, puisque son augmentation offre des avantages au pays.
Panorama nazionale dell'argento tra il 2010 e il 2014
Authors: Feio Stefanie Cecília Passinho , Araújo Franciolli da Silva Dantas , Fecury Amanda Alves , Oliveira Euzébio , Dendasck Carla Viana
Published: November 2020

Avendo il nome derivato dalla parola latina Argentun, l'argento (Ag) è un metallo di transizione che ha un'elevata conduzione elettrica e resistenza alla corrosione. Di solito si trova aggregato con minerali di rame, zinco e oro. Ampiamente utilizzato nella produzione di specchi e monete, in processi dentali come l'amalgama d'argento, nella produzione di gioielli e posate, nella fotografia e nei dispositivi elettronici a causa della sua elevata conduttività elettrica. Questa ricerca si propone di descrivere i dati ottenuti nei riassunti minerari del Dipartimento Nazionale di Ricerca Mineraria (http://www.dnpm.gov.br), la ricerca bibliografica è stata condotta in articoli scientifici, utilizzando computer del laboratorio informatico dell'Istituto Federale di Istruzione, Scienza e Tecnologia di Amapá. Quando si tratta di estrazione dell'argento, il Messico è il paese che si distingue come produttore e il Perù ha attualmente la più grande riserva del mondo. Il Brasile ha piccole riserve di minerale d'argento, la sua partecipazione alla produzione mondiale di questo metallo è quasi trascurabile. Nel paese non ci sono mai stati record dell'estrazione dell'argento come prodotto principale, si trova sempre associato ad altre sostanze e arato come un prodotto accessorio della loro estrazione. La produzione nazionale avviene principalmente in metalli primari e, in misura minore, in metallo concentrato, perché è più costoso e richiede più fasi di lavorazione. La domanda di argento è molto più alta della sua produzione nel paese, il che rende la spesa per le importazioni superiore a quella delle esportazioni. Il materiale più esportato è il bene primario e il più importato è il prodotto semilavorati. Il consumo interno di argento nel paese è quasi stabile, con poche variazioni. I settori che consumano più argento sono: la monetazione, l'industria fotografica, il settore gioielliere e l'elettronica. Il suo prezzo ha registrato un calo dopo un aumento record nel 2011 a causa della bassa domanda industriale associata alla grande offerta di metallo.
Panorama brasiliano del tungsteno (w) tra il 2008 e il 2014
Authors: Barros Yara Lorrane Souza , Araújo Franciolli da Silva Dantas , Fecury Amanda Alves , Oliveira Euzébio , Dendasck Carla Viana , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos
Published: November 2020

I minerali sono sostanze chimiche naturali, che hanno una struttura interna ordinata e alcune caratteristiche costanti che ne consentono l’identificazione come minerale. Il tungsteno (W) è una sostanza chimica che ha un punto di fusione di 3.419 ° C e un peso specifico di 19,3 g / cm3 … Ci sono circa 20 minerali che contengono tungsteno nella loro composizione chimica, scheelite e wolframite sono i principali . I dati sono stati presi dal National Department of Mineral Production – DNPM (http://www.dnpm.gov.br/). I dati sono stati compilati utilizzando l’applicazione Excel, parte della suite Microsoft Corporation Office. La ricerca bibliografica è stata condotta su articoli scientifici presenti nel world wide web. I dati mostrano che tra il 2008 e il 2010 c’è stata una diminuzione della produzione di tungsteno sotto forma di minerale contenuto e concentrato. A partire dal 2011, la produzione è cresciuta. Il Brasile ha esportato quasi quattro volte quello che ha importato tungsteno nel periodo preso in esame. Tra il 2008 e il 2012 c’è stato un aumento del consumo apparente di tungsteno. Nel 2013 e 2014 si è registrato un forte calo rispetto agli altri anni. Il quadro brasiliano del tungsteno ha mostrato difficoltà, ma ha continuato a crescere, portando ricerche che possono migliorare i consumi e la produzione della materia prima nel territorio nazionale.
l’accessibilité à Internet au Brésil au cours des années 2008 et 2016
Authors: Nunes Filipe Sales , Fecury Amanda Alves , Oliveira Euzébio , Dendasck Carla Viana , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos
Published: November 2020

Internet est la jonction de plusieurs réseaux de communication, à l’échelle mondiale, interconnectant des réseaux des endroits les plus différents du monde. Il est populaire dans le monde entier, étant consulté par plus de 2 milliards d’utilisateurs. L’objectif de ce travail est de démontrer l’évolution de l’accessibilité à Internet au Brésil au cours des années 2008 et 2016. Pour cela, une recherche a été effectuée dans la base de données du CETIC sur le site Internet (http://cetic.br/). Le pourcentage d’individus ayant accédé à Internet au cours des 9 dernières années a presque doublé, atteignant 69% en 2016, soit une augmentation de 30% par rapport à 2008. En 2014, le gouvernement brésilien et les entreprises de télécommunications majoritaires dans le pays, ils ont accepté d’augmenter la couverture du haut débit fixe et de l’internet mobile. Les classes sociales inférieures C et DE, au cours des années 2008 et 2016, ont obtenu une augmentation de 30% du pourcentage d’accès à Internet. Le sud-est est l’une des régions qui contient le plus d’accès Internet au Brésil. Le téléphone portable est également l’un des moyens considérés lors de l’accès à la maison, puisque plus de la moitié de la population brésilienne utilise cet appareil pour accéder à Internet. Il est à noter que davantage de Brésiliens ont la possibilité d’accéder à Internet au Brésil. En raison de plusieurs facteurs tels que les plans créés par le gouvernement pour accroître l’accès dans le pays, une telle initiative peut être considérée comme extrêmement importante pour l’avancement de plusieurs régions du Brésil. L’accès à Internet permet d’améliorer l’économie et l’éducation dans le pays, en plus de la vie de la population qui peut plus facilement profiter de nouveaux moyens d’interaction grâce à des plateformes virtuelles. L’accessibilité à l’accès Internet au Brésil s’est accrue et a généré de meilleurs changements pour la vie de ses utilisateurs.
A spatially explicit approach for estimating space use and density of common genets
Authors:   Dept. of Biology & CESAM, Univ. of Aveiro, Portugal, Sarmento P. , Cruz J. ,   Univ. of York, UK, Eira C. ,   Dept. of Biology & CESAM, Univ. of Aveiro, Portugal, Fonseca C. ,   Dept. of Biology & CESAM, Univ. of Aveiro, Portugal
Published: November 2020

Many species that occur at low densities are not accurately estimated using capture–recapture methods as such techniques assume that populations are well–defined in space. To solve this bias, spatially explicit capture–recapture (SECR) models have recently been developed. These models incorporate movement and can identify areas where it is more likely for individuals to concentrate their activity. In this study, we used data from camera–trap surveys of common genets (Genetta genetta) in Serra da Malcata (Portugal), designed to compare abundance estimates produced by SECR models with traditional closed–capture models. Using the SECR models, we observed spatial heterogeneity in genet distribution and density estimates were approximately two times lower than those obtained from the closed population models. The non–spatial model estimates were constrained to sampling grid size and likely underestimated movements, thereby overestimating density. Future research should consider the incorporation of cost–weighed models that can include explicit hypothesis on how environmental variables influence the distance metric.
Habitat use pattern and conservation status of smooth–coated otters Lutrogale perspicillata in the Upper Ganges Basin, India
Authors:   WWF, India, Khan M. S. , Dimri N. K. ,   WWF, India, Nawab A. ,   WWF, India, Ilyas O. ,   WWF, India, Gautam P. ,   FES, NDDB House, India
Published: November 2020

Smooth–coated otters inhabit several major river systems in southern Asia, and their environmental requirements link them to food and water security issues as the region is so densely populated by humans. The lack of baseline data on their distribution and ecology is another major constraint that the species is facing in India. The present study was stimulated by the rapid decline in the otter’s population in the country and focuses on estimating the conservation status, habitat use pattern, and associated threats in the upper Ganges River Basin (N India). Our findings contribute towards a better understanding of the complex ecological interactions and the design of effective conservation measures. Coupled with the habitat preferences, the study also provides new locations in the species distribution. This paper highlights the gap areas in the conservation of the species and suggests areas that should be prioritized for management.
The lion in Ghana: its historical and current status
Authors:   FIZV. Italy, Angelici F. M. , Mahama A. ,   Mole National Park, Ghana, Rossi L. ,   Italy
Published: November 2020

Historically, the lion (Panthera leo) population in Ghana has been little studied and its status is poorly documented. Currently, after recent unsuccessful attempts to find signs of the presence of the species, many authors believe that the Ghanaian lion population is most likely extinct. In an attempt to gather more data, since 2005 we have been carrying out lion surveys in the most important parks and other protected areas of Ghana, mainly focusing on Mole National Park (MNP). We have also been extensively reviewing the literature in an attempt to reconstruct the history of the presence of the lion in the country. Although our research has not provided unequivocal evidence of the presence of the lion, we have collected circumstantial evidence that suggests that a small lion population might still be present in MNP and its surrounding areas.
The role of frugivorous birds and bats in the colonization of cloud forest plant species in burned areas in western Mexico
Authors:   Univ. de Girona, Spain, Rost J. , Jardel–Peláez E. J. ,   IMECBIO, Centro Universitario de la Costa Sur, Univ. de Guadalajara, Mexico, Bas J. M. ,   Univ. de Girona, Spain, Pons P. ,   Univ. de Girona, Spain, Loera J. ,   IMECBIO, Centro Universitario de la Costa Sur, Univ. de Guadalajara, Mexico, Vargas-Jaramillo S. ,   IMECBIO, Centro Universitario de la Costa Sur, Univ. de Guadalajara, Mexico, Santana E. ,   IMECBIO, Centro Universitario de la Costa Sur, Univ. de Guadalajara, Mexico
Published: November 2020

The extension of montane cloud forests in western Mexico is threatened by several disturbances that limit their extension. In this study we aim to assess the contribution of birds and bats in the dispersal and colonization of cloud–forest plants in contiguous surface–burned pine forests. We sampled seed rain and sapling establishment over one year in two surface–burned sites, which differed in the size of their closest cloud forest patch. A total of 17 plant species were found, most of which were late–successional trees, shrubs and climbers. Distance influenced the seed rain of only one dispersed taxon (Solanum sp.) and had no effect on the sapling distribution of this or other plants. In turn, marked differences were found between sites, with more seeds dispersed and higher sapling density in the site that was next to the larger cloud forest patch. The role of long–distance dispersers and the existence of seed banks before fire could explain the little importance of distance from seed source on seed dispersal and sapling distribution. Nevertheless, dispersal by birds and bats before or after fire facilitates the regeneration and conservation of cloud forests in disturbed areas formerly occupied by other habitats.
Use of water troughs by wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in a farmland area of north–west Spain
Authors:   Univ. de León, Spain, Armenteros J. A. , Sánchez–García C. ,   The Game & Wildlife Conserva-tion Trust, UK, Alonso M. E. ,   Univ. de León, Spain, Larsen R. T. ,   Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young Univ. USA, Gaudioso V. R. ,   Univ. de León, Spain
Published: November 2020

Installation of water troughs is a common approach to increase densities of small game species in the Iberian peninsula but little is known about the watering patterns of target species, such as the wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Using camera trapping, we monitored the use of water troughs by wild rabbits over 228 weeks in three consecutive periods, from June to October in 2008, 2009 and 2010, on farmland in north–west Spain. Wild rabbits used 43% of the water troughs. A significantly higher number of rabbits were observed drinking at troughs surrounded by shrub cover than at those in open fields. Most drinking events were recorded from July to September (98%), though the use of water troughs was not clearly related to weather. Wild rabbits drank mainly during the morning (52% of rabbits), less so in the evening and at night, and rarely in the afternoon. Wild rabbits were photographed together with red–legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) in 6% of photographs. These findings suggest water troughs are useful for species such as wild rabbits and should be allocated close to shrub areas.
A contribution to ethnobotany and review of phytochemistry and biological activities of the Iranian local endemic species Sclerorhachis leptoclada Rech.f.
Authors: Mohammadi Toktam , Pirani Atefeh , Vaezi Jamil , Moazzeni Hamid
Published: November 2020

Background: Sclerorhachis leptoclada Rech.f. is endemic to the South Khorassan province in east of Iran. Although S. leptoclada has been widely used as medicinal and edible plant by indigenous people, its ethnobotanical uses have not been well documented yet. This study presents the results of an ethnobotanical survey and reviews phytochemistry and biological activities of S. leptoclada. Methods: The ethnobotanical study was conducted in Birjand and adjacent areas between March 2018 and December 2019. During this survey, 58 local people were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The ethnobotanical data were analyzed by using indices Fidelity Level (FL) and Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC). In addition, the available scientific literatures were reviewed to avail the information on phytochemistry and biological activities of Sclerorhachis leptoclada. Results: The present study revealed the folklore uses of Sclerorhachis leptoclada for different purposes such as increasing lactation, blood purification, treating digestive disorders, headache, body pains, herpes, and cold. The literature review showed that a total of 57 compounds have been isolated from S. leptoclada. Conclusions: Variety of ethnomedicinal uses of Sclerorhachis leptoclada highlights its notable pharmacological potential. However, further tests on its bioactivity, active phytochemicals, and their mechanisms of action are needed to ensure a safe use. The limited distribution of the plant and excessive harvesting of the aerial plant parts necessitate educating local people to conserve populations of this local endemic species. Keywords: Asteraceae, ethnobotany, Iran, medicinal plants, Sclerorhachis
Measuring the Spiritual Brand Attribute of Islamic Banks
Authors: Ab Hamid Siti Ngayesah , Wan Jusoh Wan Jamaliah , Maulan Suharni
Published: November 2020

Islamic banking institutions are different from their conventional counterparts as they incorporate religious and spiritual values in their operations. Despite this significant difference, few studies have investigated this spiritual aspect especially from the perspective of the brand. The main purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable scale to measure the spiritual brand attribute of Islamic banks. Based on the result of the interviews and review of literature, 28 items were proposed and analysed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A total of 14 items remain on the final scale classified in three dimensions which are beliefs, ethics, and corporate social responsibility (CSR). The new brand attribute scale is different from the existing scale as it focuses mainly on the spiritual and religious aspect incorporated into the Islamic banking brand.
Research on Starvation in the Warsaw Ghetto – Ethical Problems
Authors: Janczewska Marta
Published: November 2020

Research team of physicians and lab technicians under Izrael Milejkowski’s direction undertook the effort to carry out a series of clinical and biochemical experiments on patients dying of starvation in the Warsaw ghetto so as to receive the fullest possible picture of hunger disease. The research was carried out according to all the rigors of strict scientific discipline, and the authors during their work on academic articles, published it after the war entitled: „Starvation disease: hunger research carried out in the Warsaw ghetto in 1942,” according to their own words, they “supplemented the gap in accordance with the progress of knowledge.” The article is devoted to the reflections over ethical dilemmas of the research team, who were forced in their work to perform numerous medical treatments of experimental nature on extremely exhausted patients. The ill, according to Dr Fajgenblat’s words,“demonstrated negativism toward the research and treatment, which extremely hindered the work, and sometimes even frustrated it.” The article attempts to look at the monumental research work of the Warsaw ghetto doctors as a special kind of response of the medical profession to the feeling of helplessness to the dying patients. The article analyzes the situation of Warsaw ghetto doctors, who undertook the research without support of any outer authority, which could settle their possible ethical dilemmas (Polish deontological codes, European discussions on the conditions of the admissibility of medical research on patients, etc.).
Dziennik Hindy i Chaniny Malachi
Authors: Grabowski Jan , Balint Lea
Published: November 2020

Relacja Hindy Malachi jest wprowadzeniem do obszernego dziennika, spisanego przez nią i przez jej męża – Chaninę Malachiego. Świadectwo Malachich jest dokumentem ważnym, wstrząsającym i zmuszającym do refleksji. Z wielu powodów.

Autorka spisuje swoje przeżycia „na gorąco”, będąc nadal w ukryciu po „aryjskiej stronie” w Warszawie. Pisze, chcąc ocalić pamięć własnego cierpienia, agonii najbliższych i zagłady swego narodu. Pisze, używając skrótów myślowych, jakby w obawie przed nadchodzącym nieuchronnym końcem. Nawet na tle dzienników i zapisków z lat wojny tekst Malachi odznacza się niesłychaną barwnością, wręcz namacalnym zagęszczeniem treści i aż do bólu trafnymi spostrzeżeniami. W perspektywnie prześladowań niemieckich, łapanek i wywózek, niezwykle wyraźnie rysuje się nie tyle obojętność wielu Polaków wobec tragedii narodu żydowskiego, ile ich narastająca wrogość do ofiar ludobójstwa. Hinda Malachi wśród Polaków czuje się jak tropione zwierzę. Niewłaściwie wymówiona głoska „ł”, ciemne włosy, smutne spojrzenie, wolne ruchy, szybkie ruchy, przygarbiona postać – wszystkie te z pozoru nic nieznaczące cechy nader łatwo mogą ściągnąć na nią śmierć. A zwiastunami śmierci nie są żandarmi niemieccy, którzy nie mają najmniejszego pojęcia, czym się różni Żyd od nie-Żyda, lecz Polacy, współpasażerowie w pociągu, współlokatorzy w kamienicy bądź zwykli przechodnie.
Jean Améry, Poza winą i karą. Próby przełamania podjęte przez złamanego
Authors: Buryła Sławomir
Published: November 2020

Staram się nie używać zbyt często przymiotnika „znakomity”. Wolę na tle kultury, która co i rusz podkreśla swe przywiązanie do superlatywów, zachować nieco dystansu, sięgając po synonimiczne określenia: „interesujący”, „ciekawy”. Kiedy jednak trzymam w ręku eseje Jeana Améry’ego, trudno się oprzeć pokusie i nie użyć mocniejszych sformułowań niż „interesujący”. Być może ekstatyczne słowo „wspaniały” nie licuje z tematyką zbioru Poza winą i karą, ale wiadoma to przecież prawda, że również i o piekle można pisać zachwycająco. Myślę oczywiście nie tyle o Dante Alighierim, co o jego rodaku Primo Levim. Znamy też wszyscy nazwiska pozostałych „piewców” dwudziestowiecznego inferno – Tadeusz Borowski, Imre Kertész, Elie Wiesel... Nie zadrżała im ręka, gdy mieli zmierzyć się z rzeczywistością, która – mówiąc banalnie – przerastała ich wyobraźnię. W związku z prozą Borowskiego wspomina się o niebezpiecznym uroku grozy, o złu, które – doskonale artystycznie przetworzone – budzi podziw. Może nie jest to najszczęśliwsze sformułowanie. Podziwiamy przecież nie erupcję dwudziestowiecznego okrucieństwa, której symbolem  stały się brama wejściowa w Auschwitz i komin krematorium w Birkenau, ale jej literacki wyraz.
Omówienia najnowszej literatury na temat Zagłady Żydów: Francja
Authors: Kichlewsky Audrey
Published: November 2020

Mimo że we Francji nie ma prawdziwego centrum studiów nad Zagładą, liczba publikacji dotyczących losów Żydów podczas II wojny światowej jest znaczna. Od kilku lat można wyróżnić kilka podstawowych zakresów tych badań. Historycy francuscy, którzy długo skupiali się przede wszystkim nad reżimem Vichy, powrócili do analizy mechanizmów nazistowskiej machiny. W przypadku Francji analizowano głównie wyspecjalizowane instytucje pełniące określoną rolę wobec społeczności żydowskiej, najczęściej lokalne. Z czasem coraz więcej ocalonych odchodzi, a ich wspomnienia, na ogół w postaci pamiętników lub pisanych współcześnie do zdarzeń dzienników, pojawiają się, odkryte po sześćdziesięciu latach.
Omówienia najnowszej literatury na temat Zagłady Żydów: Ukraina
Authors: Szczupak Igor , Abakunowa Anna
Published: November 2020

W historiografii radzieckiej historia Holokaustu na Ukrainie omawiana była skrótowo w kontekście II Wojny Światowej lub Wielkiej Wojny Ojczyźnianej (np. w pracach M. Kowala, T. Pierszynej i in.). Często w pracach na temat historii II Wojny Światowej w ogóle nie wspominano o eksterminacji Żydów, nawet w przypadku wzmianek o masowych mordach ludności cywilnej autorzy nie pisali o nazistowskiej polityce „ostatecznego rozwiązania problemu żydowskiego”. Dla historiografii radzieckiej charakterystyczne było sformułowanie o mordowaniu przez nazistów „radzieckiej ludności cywilnej bez względu na płeć, wiek i narodowość”. Odzwierciedlało ono radzieckie podejście do rozpatrywania  „wspólnego losu” ludzi radzieckich, w które nie wpisywały się fakty o odmiennych losach odrębnych narodów, w szczególności o prowadzonej przez faszystów celowej eksterminacji Żydów. Niektórzy historycy, wspominając w duchu radzieckim o mordach dokonywanych na Żydach pisali o „pomocy dla nazistów świadczonej przez żydowskich kolaboracjonistów”. Tak oto, T. Pierszyna w swojej pracy twierdzi, że zamordowanie przez hitlerowców 200 tysięcy osób w obozie koncentracyjnym w Janowie dokonało się przy „współudziale syjonistów”
“History and Memory after the Holocaust in Germany, Poland, Russia, and Britain”
Authors: Leociak Jacek
Published: November 2020

Konferencja międzynarodowa: “History and Memory after the Holocaust in Germany, Poland, Russia, and Britain” ,University of Leicester,The School of Historical Studies, The Stanley Burton Centre for Holocaust Studies 8-9 maja 2007.

Na Wydziale Historii Uniwersytetu w Leicester od 1990 roku istnieje ośrodek zajmujący się interdyscyplinarnymi studiami nad Zagłada Żydów, od 1993 roku działający pod auspicjami wielkiej korporacji prawniczej Burton Trust jako The Stanley Burton Centre for Holocaust Studies. Ośrodkiem kieruje dr Chris Szejnmann i jego zastepca dr Olaf Jansen. Centrum zajmuje się pracą badawczą i dydaktyczną. Od 2005 r. Centrum organizuje raz w roku międzynarodowe konferencje. Pierwsza była próbą spojrzenia na problematykę Zagłady po 60 latach od zakończenia wojny. Materiały z konferencji pt. „How the Holocaust Looks Now. International Perspectives”, pod red. Ch. Szejnmana i M. Daviesa ukazały się w tym roku w wydawnictwie Palgrave Macmillian, inaugurując tym samym specjalną serię wydawniczą, mająca publikować plon corocznych konferencji. Referaty z ubiegłorocznego spotkania pod hasłem „Perpetrators of the Holocaust and other Genocides” są przygotowane do druku.