bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socio-Emotional Competencies and Academic Performance in Latin American University Students: An Approach to Sustainable Development
Authors: Garavito-Checalla Elisa Candida , Valero-Ancco Vidnay Noel , Roque-Yupanqui Jessy Ayme , Atencio-Maquera Nicolas , Cariapaza-Mamani Guido Jhemy , Coapaza-Mamani Marina Yanet
Published: November 2024

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the socio-emotional competencies of Latin American university students and their relationship with academic performance and emotional well-being in alignment with SDG 4 (quality education).
Theoretical Framework: The study is grounded in theories of emotional intelligence and emotion regulation, emphasizing the importance of skills such as empathy and resilience for academic and personal success within the university context.
 
Methods: A systematic review was conducted of articles published in the SciELO repository from 2019 to 2024, employing quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. The reviewed studies included tools such as the TMMS-24 and the Self-Efficacy Scale of Multiple Intelligences to evaluate socio-emotional skills.
 
Results and Discussion: Findings show that socio-emotional competencies such as emotional intelligence, empathy, and emotional self-regulation significantly enhance academic performance and act as protective factors against academic stress. Additionally, these skills promote emotional well-being and facilitate better adaptation to university life.
 
Research Implications: It is recommended that university curricula include educational programs that strengthen socio-emotional competencies, tailored to the cultural realities of each region.
 
Originality: This study provides evidence on the correlates of socio-emotional competencies in Latin American higher education and offers recommendations to improve student academic performance and well-being.
The Key Success Factors Influencing Teacher Ethics for Higher Education Institutions in Minority Areas of Sichuan Province
Authors: Qiao Xiaohu , Noichun Nuntiya , Boonphadung Suttipong
Published: November 2024

Objective: To explore in-depth factors affecting teacher ethics for higher education institutions in ethnic areas of Sichuan and to improve the level of teacher ethics and to provide a talent base for the high-quality development of higher education.
 
Theoretical framework: Teacher ethics for higher education institutions is a synthesis of ethical concepts, ethical qualities, and behavioral norms that teachers should follow in the course of their professional work.
 
Method: this study constructed a structural equation model of teacher ethics and further analyzed the influence of ethical climate, professional identity, and psychological contract on teacher ethics. This study used SPSS and AMOS software to process and analyze 400 questionnaire data.
 
Result and Discussion: ethical climate, professional identity, and psychological contract all have a significant positive effect on teacher ethics. Ethical climate and psychological contract both have a significant positive effect on professional identity. Professional identity plays a significant mediating effect between ethical climate and teacher ethics, psychological contract and teacher ethics.
 
Research Implication: This study has constructed the index system of the influencing factors of teacher ethics to understand the influencing mechanism of teacher ethics of higher education institutions in the ethnic areas of Sichuan.
 
Originality/Value: It enriches the research results in the field of teacher ethics in higher education institutions.
Strategic Implementation for Higher Education Institutions in Saudi Arabia: Supporting SDG4
Authors: Ali Albadri Albaloula
Published: November 2024

Introduction: The objective of this study is to identify the internal variables which impact the success of strategic implementation (SI) at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU) from the perspective of faculty staff and compare the results with previous studies and literature in SI at some universities and colleges.
 
Design/methodology/ approach:  An online questionnaire was designed and sent out to academic members in PSAU. The questionnaire contained four major factors related to the university SI aspects, each one of these factors contains a number of related variables measured by using the Likert scale. Content analysis was done and researcher’s observations had been considered. Fifteen similar studies have been reviewed and compared their findings with this study.
 
Findings: The university structure, leadership & management and resources have significant positive impact on the success of SI’s KPIs. These influencing factors have been compared with the reviewed studies. Recommendations have been added.
 
Research limitations/implications: The study sample was drawn from one university (PSAU), which represents all colleges and universities of HEIs in Saudi Arabia. Although the sample size is small, the study focusses on critical internal success factors that influence SI anticipating to have an impact on all Saudi universities and the region as a whole.
 
Originality/value: All of the subjects covered in the reviewed studies and literature are similar and relevant to the topic of this research. The research’s conclusions highlight the relevant challenges of SI for universities and colleges of HEIs, which will be extremely useful to decision makers and policymakers in these institutions. Furthermore, identifying these factors, comprehending their nature within the SI context and their interrelationships will enrich the strategic management disciplines.
Queer Identities and Marginalization in East and Southeast Asia: Promoting SDG5 Gender Equality and LGBTQ+ Rights
Authors: Wenxiao Sun , Abdullah Karmilah , Yee Sharon Ong Yong
Published: November 2024

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare and analyze the identity construction and marginalization of LGBTQ+ communities in East and Southeast Asia, with a specific focus on tomboys and transgender women.
 
Theoretical Framework: Grounded in Queer Theory and Cognitive Dissonance Theory, the research explores how cultural, social, and political factors influence self-identification and mental health within these groups.
 
Method: A mixed-methods approach, incorporating a literature review and cross-cultural comparison, was employed, covering countries such as China, South Korea, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand.
 
Results and Discussion: The findings reveal that cultural context, government policies, and religious beliefs significantly impact visibility and social acceptance of LGBTQ+ individuals. The discussion highlights the importance of supportive legal frameworks and mental health resources to address marginalization.
 
Research Implications: The study contributes to the understanding of LGBTQ+ identities in East and Southeast Asia, offering policy recommendations that align with SDG 5 (Gender Equality).
 
Originality/Value: This research is one of the few studies providing a cross-cultural perspective on tomboy and transgender female identity construction in East and Southeast Asia, making it valuable for future policy development and mental health support initiatives.
The Effect of the Level of Institutionalization in Hotel Enterprises on the Job Satisfaction and Performance of Employees to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals: The Case of Tourism Center Istanbul
Authors: Sormaz Ümit , Özata Esat , Onur Neslihan , Varol Emre
Published: November 2024

Objective: This research was conducted to measure the effect of the perceived INS-L of hotel businesses on employees' JS and JP to achieve the sustainable development goals (SDG).
 
Theoretical Framework: The dynamism in the tourism sector has caused hotel businesses serving in destinations to increase both qualitatively and quantitatively, creating an intense competitive environment in the sector. In the tourism sector, where the number of conscious customers increases day by day, it has been understood over time that investments made only in physical terms are not sufficient, and investments in human resources have been increased.
 
Method: This research was conducted in İstanbul, the tourism center of Turkey, which has the highest number of hotel establishments. A total of 677 employees working in hotel businesses participated in the research voluntarily. Care was taken to select the participants from employees working in different departments and in hotel businesses of different structures and classes. Survey forms consisting of questions used in previous studies were applied and the data were evaluated in the statistical package program.
 
Results and Discussion: In the research, it was determined that employees' perceptions of INS-L had an impact on their JS and JP, and that there was a significant relationship between employees' JS and JP.
 
Research  Implications: At the end of the research; it has been emphasized that the INS-L of hotel businesses is important in achieving guest satisfaction and business success, and suggestions have been developed for businesses to ensure this.
 
Originality/Value: The research examining the effect of employees' INS-L levels on their JS and JP offers significant originality and value for the tourism sector.
Determinant of Firm Value of Bank in Asean: Implications for Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Kristanti Ika Neni , Kusuma Hadri , Urumsah Dekar
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study aims to analyze how risk management and corporate governance influence firm value in banks across ASEAN countries. It examines the mediating role of financial performance and provides practical recommendations for enhancing financial outcomes and firm value, aligning with the broader objectives of the SDGs to ensure inclusive and sustainable economic development.
 
Theoretical Framework: This study aims to examine the effect of risk management and corporate governance on firm value while investigating the mediating role of financial performance.
 
Method: This study uses a quantitative approach to analyze secondary data from ten ASEAN countries between 2014 and 2023, focusing on various banks. A total of 1,170 observations are selected through purposive sampling from national bank websites. Data analysis will be conducted using SmartPLS 3.0 to explore factors influencing firm value in the banking sector.
 
Results and Discussion: The results show that corporate governance positively influences firm value, while risk management has an insignificant effect. Additionally, both risk management and corporate governance significantly affect financial performance, with financial performance serving as a mediator between these two factors and firm value.
 
Research Implications: This study encourages bank managers in ASEAN to strengthen corporate governance, which positively impacts firm value. They should also reassess risk management strategies and focus on improving financial performance as a mediator. An integrated approach and continuous monitoring are essential for enhancing performance and firm value.
 
Originality/Value: This research highlights the mediating role of financial performance, offering a comprehensive view of these relationships. Additionally, the use of a diverse dataset across multiple countries provides regionally relevant insights for bank managers and policymakers in the context of SDGs.
Energize Distribution Transformer 1 at Electrical Engineering Workshop State Polytechnic of Samarinda
Authors:   State Polytechnic of Samarinda, Indonesia, Ipniansyah Ipniansyah , Bustani Bustani ,   State Polytechnic of Samarinda, Indonesia, Susilo Rizky Aprylianto ,   State Polytechnic of Samarinda, Indonesia, Djalil Syahrir ,   State Polytechnic of Samarinda, Indonesia, Qomaruddin Qomaruddin ,   State Polytechnic of Samarinda, Indonesia, Arbain Arbain ,   State Polytechnic of Samarinda, Indonesia
Published: November 2024

Distribution transformers play a vital role in the electrical infrastructure by converting high voltage from the primary voltage source to a voltage suitable for use by end consumers. The energizing process, which is connecting the distribution transformer to the power source, is a critical stage in the implementation and operation of the electrical network. However, a thorough understanding of the factors that affect the efficiency, safety, and reliability of energizing is needed to ensure optimal transformer performance. The transformer energizing process begins with the secondary side of the transformer being given a voltage of 220/380 V 3 phase 50 Hz as input and making the secondary polarity of the transformer primary. Then the primary side of the transformer changes to the secondary side which outputs a voltage of 20 kV 3 phase 50 Hz. During the energizing process, the current flowing on the input or source side was measured at ± 5 A for each phase, 16.83 A at neutral, and 0.06 A at ground. The results of this process successfully energized the 25 kVA distribution transformer to a step-up with a note of the loss for the induction process indicated by the current flowing on the input side under no-load conditions.
Implementation of Problem-Based Learning Model in the Integration of Anti-Corruption Education Values in Pancasila Education Learning in Elementary School 1 Jatiroto
Authors:   Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, Parmini Parmini , Triyanto Triyanto ,   Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, Winarno Winarno ,   Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
Published: November 2024

The importance of integrating anti-corruption education values in Pancasila Education learning. The purpose of this study is to describe the form of integrating anti-corruption education values in Pancasila Education learning through the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. This type of research uses a qualitative approach, data collection techniques with document analysis and interviews. The research subjects were teachers, students and principals. The results of the study are the integration of anti-corruption education values and character values in Pancasila Education Learning and based on the similarity of character values with the assimilation model. Meanwhile, the application of PBL in Pancasila Education learning is carried out through giving problems that are solved through six stages, namely: orientation; discussion with other teachers; discussion with parents; discussion with group mates; presenting results; analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating. The conclusion of the research is that the implementation of PBL in integrating anti-corruption education values in Pancasila Education learning is done through giving problems that are contextual in nature and carried out by students with six stages. Integration of character values from Pancasila Education and anticorruption education through assimilation.
Bienestar financiero en los empleados a través de la educación financiera en las organizaciones
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexia Pacheco Gabriela , García Rivera Blanca Rosa ,   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Aranibar Mónica Fernanda ,   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Pérez Tejada Melina Ortega ,   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California
Published: November 2024

Actualmente, la educación financiera es crucial para la toma de decisiones económicas informadas. El objetivo de esta investigación es explorar el impacto que tiene la educación financiera en el bienestar financiero de los empleados de las organizaciones. Este estudio se desarrolla con un enfoque cualitativo, exploratorio y transversal, utilizando bases de datos de INEGI, CONCANACO y la OCDE. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura y un diagnóstico situacional. El estudio se enfoca en una combinación de teorías económicas y prácticas financieras, abarcando el análisis de la alfabetización financiera a nivel mundial, la consolidación de la educación financiera, el crecimiento y desarrollo económico, la transición generacional de la educación financiera, el ahorro, la inversión, el manejo de deudas y los tensores financieros. Además, resalta la importancia de fomentar el desarrollo de la conciencia y la gestión eficiente de los recursos financieros, contribuyendo a aliviar la pobreza, promover el progreso social y alcanzar un desarrollo sostenible. Los hallazgos evidencian mejoras considerables que se lograrían con una población financieramente educada, contribuyendo no solo al bienestar organizacional a través de su capital humano, sino también a una economía más estable y resiliente. La alfabetización financiera conduce al uso eficiente de los recursos económicos. Una sociedad con educación financiera es una sociedad económicamente próspera y saludable.
Requerimientos de las NIIF en el impuesto diferido en las PYMES
Authors:   Tecnológico de Antioquia Institución Universitaria, Rico Buitrago Jesús Daniel , Galviz Cataño Diego Fernando ,   Tecnológico de Antioquia Institución Universitaria, García Gutiérrez Sorely Amparo ,   Tecnológico de Antioquia Institución Universitaria
Published: November 2024

El impuesto diferido surge como respuesta de los estándares internacionales de información financiera para mitigar el impacto de la normatividad fiscal en la información financiera. El objetivo del presente capítulo es analizar los requerimientos de las NIIF en el impuesto diferido en las PYMES, tomando diversos referentes teóricos y normativos. Asimismo, el presente capítulo evidencia una metodología cualitativa, descriptiva y documental, donde se aplicaron técnicas de recolección de datos, tales como, la observación del objeto de estudio en las organizaciones y la discusión y análisis de información documental tanto primaria como secundaria en artículos de investigación relacionados con el impuesto diferido, que a su vez se complementa con la explicación y desarrollo de un caso práctico. Los resultados muestran que el impuesto diferido tiene impacto en el estado de situación financiera y en el estado de resultado integral, al ser una cuenta que puede ser activo y pasivo y que tiene como contrapartida cuentas de resultados y del otro resultado integral. Asimismo, la organización debe garantizar que la información financiera se prepara y emite con base en los estándares internacionales, donde se observa que los activos, pasivos con diferencias temporarias y que, por ende, causan el impuesto diferido se presentan y revelan en el estado de resultados integral y las notas conforme a las NIIF para PYMES.
ESG (Environmental, Social And Governance) uma jornada para Instituições De Educação Superior
Authors:   Centro Universitário Anhanguera de São Paulo, Carvalho Alexey
Published: November 2024

Este capítulo apresenta um estudo de caso realizado em um grupo de ensino superior privado de capital aberto com o objetivo de contribuir para práticas, estratégias e ações que possam ajudar outras IES ou grupos educacionais a adotar essas práticas. Metodologicamente, enquadra-se como um estudo exploratório, pois busca aprimorar as ideias sobre as variáveis que estão sendo trabalhadas, foi aplicado um estudo de caso para estabelecer critérios de acessibilidade, cujos resultados são apresentados na seção seguinte. Além disso, são discutidas as diretrizes da Prática Recomendada da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT), PR2030, e outras estruturas e classificações universitárias relevantes. A jornada proposta inclui ações e práticas relacionadas às funções das IES, enfatizando a importância do engajamento das partes interessadas. Ao incorporar a agenda ESG em suas prioridades, as IES têm uma oportunidade significativa de elevar suas iniciativas de alcance, responsabilidade social e ambiental, ampliando sua já relevante participação no desenvolvimento econômico e social das regiões onde atuam.
Expectations of prospective orthodontic patients regarding post-orthodontic retention
Authors: Mahida Hafsa Khalid , Sarwat Memon  , Memon Jaweria
Published: November 2024

Objective: To assess the awareness among patients of prospective orthodontics about post-orthodontic retention.
Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2022 to May 2023 at the Department of Orthodontics, Ziauddin University, Karachi, and comprised patients of either gender enrolled for their first appointment at the outpatient clinic. Each patient received a validated questionnaire which explored their understanding, attitudes and expectations regarding the importance of retention after orthodontic treatment. Data was analysed using SPSS 25.
Results: Of the 206 questionnaires distributed, 203(98.5%) were returned duly filled. The overall mean age of the sample was 20.25±5.24 years (range: 8-48 years). There were 131(64.5%) females with mean age 12±3.2 years, and 72(35.5%) males with mean age 16±2.1 years. Majority of the participants 133(64.9%) believed that movement of teeth cannot occur without orthodontic appliances, 115(56.1%) believed that parents and guardians were responsible for the stability of the treatment results, while 88(42.9%) believed that dentists/orthodontists were responsible for the stability of the treatment outcomes. There were 132(64.4%) subjects who found removable retainer as a favourable retention device, while 71(34.6%) favoured fixed retainers.
Conclusion: There was a notable gap in patients’ understanding of the retention phase, its importance and treatment durability expectations.
Key Words: Orthodontic retainers, Retention, After treatment, Care goals, Awareness.
Predictive value of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in assessing the outcomes of diabetic foot ulcer
Authors: Zia Ur Rehman  , Shaikh Hafsa , Bachani Filza
Published: November 2024

Objective: To assess the correlation of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio with clinical outcomes in diabetic foot ulcer cases.
Method: The retrospective, cross-sectional, single-centre study was conducted at Section of Vascular Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi (Pakistan), and comprised data from January 2019 to January 2022 of diabetic foot inpatients of either gender aged at least 18 years.  Un-hospital complications and outcomes were noted along with other data on a self-designed proforma. Diagnostic performance of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and its correlation with qualitative variables were assessed. Data was analysed using SPSS 26.
Results: Of the 130 patients with mean age 60.13+/-11.75 years, 98(75.4%) were males. Surgical intervention was needed in 118(90.8%) cases, with below-knee amputation being the most frequent procedure 38(32.3%). Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio >4 was significantly associated with a higher grade of diabetic foot ulcer, major amputation, and postoperative complications (p<0.0001) as well as with in-hospital (p=0.008) and 1-year mortality (p=0.01).
Conclusion: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio could be potentially used as a sensitive and economically feasible biomarker for evaluating the prognosis of patients presenting with diabetic foot ulcers.
Key Words: Diabetic foot, Outcomes, Complications, Surgery.
Exploring the adoption and utilisation of ChatGPT in everyday academic practices among medical and dental students of Rawalpindi and Islamabad: a study on the impact and perceived effectiveness
Authors: Khadija Qamar  , Saad Waseem Butt  , Mehwish Abaid  , Ahmed Rashid  , Rafia Tahira  , Aarij Sohail Iqbal
Published: November 2024

Objective: To assess the usage of chatbot generative pretrained transformer among medical and dental students in Pakistan.
Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan, from June 15 to July 31, 2023, and comprised medical and dental students in public and private medical and dental colleges of Rawalpindi and Islamabad who had used the chatbot generative pretrained transformer programme at least once for their academics or had prior knowledge of it. Responses were obtained through a structured online survey. Data was analysed using SPSS 27.
Result: Of the 315 respondents, 181(57.5%) were females, 134(42.5%) were males, 260(82.5%) were from public institutions, 55(17.5%) were from private, 259(82.20%) were medical students and 56(17.80%) were dental students. Overall, 192(61%) respondents had used ChatGPT for academics prior to the study. For them, its utility was most for case-based learning, problem-based learning and for seeking clarification of topics. Fruitful acquisition of knowledge was reported by 85.7% of the study participants and 72.8% participants regarded ChatGPT as a valuable resource for improving academic performance. The mean perceived usefulness score was 17.93±5.08 and the mean perceived risk score was 8.46±2.44.
Conclusion: Chatbot generative pretrained transformer was found to improve academic performance of medical and dental students.
Key Words: Academic performance, Medical education, Problem-based learning, Research, Risk.
Anticoagulation knowledge assessment in unprivileged people of Baluchistan
Authors: Tariq Khuzaima , Usman Ahmad  , Maheen Sheikh
Published: November 2024

The descriptive, cross-sectional study was planned to assess patients' knowledge on warfarin usage at a newly-developed health facility in Quetta, Pakistan. Warfarin knowledge and anticoagulant control was assessed using the pre-validated 29-item Anticoagulation Knowledge Assessment questionnaire which was dispensed during face-to-face interviews. Each question carried 3.45 points, and a minimum of 21 correct answers (21*3.45=72.4%) was the cut-off score. Data was analysed using SPSS 27. Of the 37 patients, 23(62.1%) were females, and 16(43%) were aged 31-40 years. Mechanical mitral valve replacement 9(24.3%) and mitral stenosis with atrial fibrillation 8(21.6%) were the main grounds for warfarin use. The awareness cut-off score was met by 4(10.8%) patients. The international normalised ratio, assessed using Jonckheere-Terpstra test, had no significant association with education level (p=0.380) or awareness score (p=0.102). The knowledge level among warfarin users was found to be poor. Effective policies are needed to identify hindrances and remove them to improve awareness levels.
The impact of sleep deprivation on the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome depending on obesity status
Authors: Kim Ja Young , Eujene Jung  , Lee Seonah
Published: November 2024

Objective: To determine how sleep insufficiency affects the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome in the presence of obesity.
Method: The observational study was conducted in South Korea on the basis of data collected by a cohort study conducted from January 2001 to December 2020, and comprised adults of either gender aged 40-69 years. During the 20-year period, 9 follow-up surveys were conducted at two-year intervals. Those with sleep <7 hours were in the insufficient sleep group A, and those with >7 hours of sleep were in the sufficient sleep group B. The main exposure variable was sleeping insufficiency, and the dependent variable was the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome. The hazard ratio between sleep insufficiency and obesity was identified, and the risk with respect to obesity was worked out. Finally, the joint effect of sleep insufficiency and obesity on the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome was determined. Data was analysed using SAS 9.4.
Results: Of the 3,698 subjects, 2,411(65.2%) were in group A; 1,234(51.2%) females and 1,177(48.8%) males with mean age 50.4+/-7.55 years, and 1,287(34.8%) subjects were in group B; 747(58%) males and 540(42%) females with mean age 50.4+/-7.41 years. There were 1,637(44.3%) obese subjects; in group A 1,097(45.5%) and in group B 540(42%). Overall, 127(3.4%) subjects developed acute coronary syndrome; in group A 85(3.5%) and in group B 42(3.3%). Incidence of acute coronary syndrome was no significantly associated with sleep sufficiency and obesity status (p>0.05). The risk of developing acute coronary syndrome was significantly higher in obese individuals having sleep insufficiency compared to non-obese individuals without sleep insufficiency (hazard ratio: 1.54, 95% confidence interval: 1.03-2.62).
Conclusion: There was a significant combined effect of obesity and sleep insufficiency on the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome.
Key Words: Acute coronary syndrome, Obesity, Sleep insufficiency.
Anatomical variations in pneumatization types and volume of sphenoid sinus in a subset of Pakistani people
Authors: Aijaz Asma , Naheed Khan
Published: November 2024

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between volume and pneumatization pattern of sphenoid sinus using computed tomography images.
Method: The prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Radiology Department of Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, from October 2020 to February 2021, and comprised patients of either gender aged 20-70 years who were subjected to computed tomography of paranasal sinuses. The scans were analysed for sphenoid volume and four pneumatization types of sphenoid sinus, including Type-I conchal, Type-II presellar, Type-III sellar and Type-IV postsellar. Significant differences in sphenoid volume and pneumatization pattern were noted. Data was analysed using GraphPad Prism 9.
Results: Of the 300 patients with mean age 39.28±10.99 years171(57%) were males and 129(43%) were females. The mean sphenoid volume in males was 11.01±3.50cm3 compared to 7.7±2.13cm3 in females. The majority of sinuses presented postsellar pneumatization type 192(64%), followed by sellar 84(29%), presellar 26(8.7%) and conchal pneumatization 2(0.7%). Significant difference in volume was observed with respect to gender and typology of the sphenoid sinus (p<0.001).
Conclusion: There was a significant relationship of sphenoid volume with and gender and pneumatisation variants, confirming the significance of ethnic heterogeneity.
Key Words: Paranasal sinuses, Sphenoid bone, Sphenoid sinus, Computed tomography.
Varicella zoster meningoencephalitis without exanthem: immunocompetent host
Authors: Shafaq saleem  , Tariq Hafiz Muhammad Motsim
Published: November 2024

In an immunocompetent person, varicella zoster virus (VZV) is an uncommon cause of aseptic meningoencephalitis. Reactivation of the latent varicella zoster virus from nerve infection results in shingles, a condition marked by rash, intense pain, and dermal involvement in immunocompromised hosts. We present an unusual case of a 22-year-old immunocompetent male diagnosed as VZV meningoencephalitis without exanthem. Workup revealed no risk factors for contracting VZV nor was there any childhood history associated with it. The patient responded to the treatment given and became symptom-free thereafter.
Keywords: Varicella meningoencephalitis, Aseptic meningitis, Acyclovir, Immunocompetent, Varicella vaccines.
Effects of complex decongestive physical therapy on upper limb circumference and sensory function in post-mastectomy lymph oedema, A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Nawaz Momena , Bashir Muhammad Salman , Noor Rabiya , Ikram Mehwish
Published: November 2024

The quasi-experimental study was conducted at the Allied Hospital, Faisalabad to investigate the effect of complex decongestive physical therapy on sensory testing in post-mastectomy-related lymphoedema patients. The sample comprised 18 participants enrolled using convenience sampling technique. All the participants received complex decongestive physical therapy during 5 sessions per week for 3 weeks. The intervention comprised manual lymphatic drainage, multi-layered compression bandages, skin care and patient-oriented exercises for breast cancer-related lymphoedema. Upper limb circumference of the subjects was measured, while two-point discrimination test, pressure pain threshold test and tactile localisation test were also conducted. Complex decongestive physical therapy showed a significant difference in pre- and post-intervention values (p<0.05). Complex decongestive physical therapy was found to be effective in improving sensory perceptions, like discrimination, tactile and pain pressure threshold, as well as oedema.
Key Words: Compression bandages, Mastectomy, Quality of life, Range of motion, Breast cancer lymphoedema.
Addressing the overuse of blood transfusions in healthcare: minimisation approaches
Authors: Ayesha Imran Butt  , Ayila Akram  , Khan Iftikhar
Published: November 2024

Dear Editor,
We recognise the significance of blood transfusion, a common medical procedure in both public and private healthcare settings. It offers crucial lifesaving benefits in replacing blood lost due to surgery or injury and various diseases like anaemia or leukaemia.
The World Health Organization (WHO) states that around 112.5 million blood donations are collected each year and transformed into various Blood Components (BCs) [1].
Whereas, the benefits of blood transfusions in therapy or as support to other treatments are undeniable, it's important to acknowledge their significant cost. Despite being generally beneficial to patients, blood transfusions are not without certain risks. In some instances, patients may exhibit adverse reactions, also known as transfusion-associated hazards (TAHs), to blood transfusions. [1]. The risk of transfusion-associated reactions is heightened by the growing trend of unnecessary transfusions. Even 10% of patients hospitalised with top five medical emergencies require blood transfusion. [2]. With expanding rate of blood transfusions, there is an exponential surge of transfusion-related reactions as well which include transmission of infectious agents and bloodborne pathogens like HIV, Hepatitis, and Syphilis [2], allergic and haemolytic reactions, acute organ failure, and even death.
Blood and blood products are frequently prescribed by physicians without thoroughly investigating the root cause. This norm has led to several cases of sudden unanticipated transfusion reactions, creating a shortage of required blood or blood products in many hospitals across the globe. In 2021, research led by Tufa Feyisa and colleagues in Ethiopia brought attention to the improper utilisation of blood transfusions. It indicated that 41.2% of transfusions aimed at managing moderate anaemia were later found to be unnecessary. This study significantly impacted recommendations for both global and local blood transfusion guidelines, thereby minimizing the wastage and shortages of blood products [3]. Similar issues were raised in a study conducted in Uganda, which highlighted blood transfusions being utilized as a rapid solution for a prevalent issue – anaemia in children. Data gathered from two major hospitals in Uganda revealed that half of the transfusions occurred either without pre-transfusion haemoglobin level testing or lacked accurate justification [4].
Healthcare providers must possess a comprehensive understanding of both the advantages and foreseeable risks to effectively assess and analyse the balance between the advantages and risks. This includes knowledge of preventing transfusion-associated hazards (TAHs), considering overall costs, and being aware of alternative treatment possibilities.
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Examining the effects of alcohol prohibition Laws in Pakistan on public health
Authors: Khan Muhammad Akhtar Abbas , Akhtar Farzeen
Published: November 2024

Globally, more than 3.3 million people die of alcohol use every year. Alcohol consumption has a causal association with more than 230 disorders. Pakistan framed its first alcohol prohibition laws in 1977. These laws were further strengthened in 1979 through an ordinance. There is a complete ban on Muslims for alcohol use in the country, while non-Muslims can get a limited quota. There is a punishment of 80 whips for drinking for Muslim citizens. The biggest loophole in the policy is the issuance of quota permits to non-Muslims. These quotas are largely misused by the Muslims in the country. The use of tainted alcohol takes the lives of hundreds of people every year. There is a need to revisit the alcohol policy of Pakistan. There should either be a complete ban on alcohol use for all citizens or the government should take concrete measures for restraining the availability of substandard, or tainted alcoholic beverages.
Key Words: Alcohol, Prohibition, Public health, Hudood ordinance, Alcohol-related harm.
Why imitation matters for a speech and language pathologist?
Authors: Saleem Khadija , Saba Abrar  , Muhammad Sikander Ghayas Khan
Published: November 2024

Dear Editor,
I want to shed light on an important preverbal skill “Imitation” for speech Language Pathologists and parents. Imitation arises very early in typical development and serves as a pivotal factor in a baby's acquisition of new skills from infancy, toddler stage, childhood and beyond. Initially, a newborn's abilities, like sucking for feeding, are reflexive and innate, requiring no explicit teaching.1
In typical development, learning to imitate often occurs spontaneously. Observing and mimicking parents, siblings, or peers is how a child learns to navigate various milestones, such as feeding, using the potty, riding a bike, writing, and tying shoes.2. Additionally, imitation plays a significant role in social development, aiding in making friends and learning to interact and play with others. 3
There are many levels of imitation developed by professionals in the form of hierarchy. Organizing them into smaller, achievable steps with practical examples and detailed instructions serves as a helpful reminder.4
The following are the levels of imitation:
Level-1: The child will mimic actions with objects
Your goal is for the child to mimic listed actions. Demonstrate each action 3 to 5 times, assisting if needed. Use simple language and short phrases. For example;
1-Pop a bubble on the floor with your hand, saying "Pop!"
2-Pop a bubble in the air with your finger, also saying "Pop!"
Level-2: The child will mimic movements, gestures, and sign language with bubbles
Demonstrate the body movements and gestures for the child to copy. Assist him in performing each gesture after showing him 3 to 5 times. Remember, the child is not expected to talk yet, but your simple and repetitive words are crucial. For example;
1-Kick, stomp, or clap bubbles while saying "Pop!"
2- Then, clap to show excitement after popping bubbles and say "Yayyy (yahoo)."
Level-3: The child will mimic facial and mouth movements without speaking while interacting with bubbles
Keep it simple and use single words. Emphasize the importance of copying the movements. For example;
1-Blow a bubble and utter "Blow!"
2-Mimic eating a bubble, then say "Eat!"
Level-4: Model play sounds for the child to imitate while playing with bubbles together
For example
1-Model the sound /p-p-p/ without a vowel as you pop bubbles.
2-Enhance anticipation by audibly inhaling before blowing 5.
Dear Editor, by adhering to these guidelines and instructions, parents and professionals alike can initiate therapy effectively, paving the way for success and reaching significant milestones.
Prophylaxis in dental patients with pacemakers for infective endocarditis and its awareness amongst the Pakistani society
Authors: Ur Rahman Absar , Khan Laiba , Riaz Hamza , Hafiza Umme Aemon
Published: November 2024

Madam,
Infective endocarditis is a condition posing a significant threat to life, affects the inner lining of the heart, known as the endocardium. It is particularly common among individuals with pre-existing cardiac conditions, especially following invasive dental procedures. The progression of infective endocarditis subsequent to dental treatments involves a series of events. This includes the disturbance of the oral mucosa, resulting in temporary bacteraemia, which ultimately becomes a key factor in the development of infective endocarditis.1 However, this disease has a low incidence but a high mortality rate worldwide. It is estimated that in developed countries 3 to-9 cases per 100,000 are reported with a mortality of about 15to-22 %.2
In patients with pacemakers very few cases, 0.13% to 7% are reported.3
Although the occurrence of infective endocarditis in pacemaker patients is rare but the matter of concern is the lack of awareness among dental professionals and patients regarding the cautions that are required to prevent such a condition, especially in a country with a mediocre healthcare system like Pakistan. According to a cross-sectional study conducted in Pakistan only 62.5% of healthcare professionals were aware that prophylactic measures are to be taken when dealing with patients at risk for infective endocarditis. Although dentists were seen to be aware of the need for prophylaxis, most dentists (58.82 and 55.4%) were unaware of the dose and dosage of azithromycin and clindamycin in patients with penicillin allergies.4 The study also highlighted the need for education and training in dental schools regarding antimicrobial stewardship. Most of the patients in Pakistan are from a low socioeconomic background and are unaware of such guidelines, this warrant to conduct surveys and educate the general public through different means on the precautions cardiac patients need to take and the importance of providing healthcare professionals with adequate histories.
The outcome of IE could be highly fatal in most cases and these worrying statistics and facts call the need for intervention to be done while training medical/dental professionals and awareness among cardiac patients. It is crucial for healthcare providers to recognize the significance of comprehensive patient history-taking, a skill that should be instilled at an early stage of training. Integrating antibiotic prophylaxis education into medical school curricula, covering regimens, alternatives, and indications, is paramount. Cardiologists should ensure patients under their care to understand the precautions essential for dental procedures.
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Greater Occipital Nerve Blockade in Chronic Migraine: Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dwiastri Iris Sarwastuti
Published: November 2024

Chronic migraine significantly impacts quality of life and remains a therapeutic challenge, with many patients experiencing limited relief from traditional treatments. Greater occipital nerve (GON) blockade has emerged as a potential intervention, utilizing bupivacaine to alleviate migraine frequency and severity. This meta-analysis assesses the efficacy of GON blockade in reducing headache days per month in patients with chronic migraine. A meta-analysis was conducted, encompassing four randomized, placebo-controlled studies published between 2014 and 2024. The studies included a total of 202 participants (105 in the intervention group and 97 in the placebo group) who received GON blockade with bupivacaine or a placebo. The primary outcome measured was the mean difference in monthly headache days between the intervention and placebo groups. Statistical heterogeneity across studies was also assessed. The pooled analysis revealed a statistically significant reduction in monthly headache days in the GON blockade group compared to placebo, with an average difference of -5.7 days (95% CI: -8.5 to -2.9; p < 0.0001). Individual studies demonstrated consistent reductions in headache days in the intervention group, with mean differences ranging from -1.1 to -12.8 days. Heterogeneity was moderate (I² = 30.3%), indicating some variability across studies but an overall trend favoring the intervention. This meta-analysis supports the efficacy of GON blockade with bupivacaine as a promising treatment option for chronic migraine, showing a meaningful reduction in headache frequency. While GON blockade demonstrates short-term benefits, further research with extended follow-up periods and larger, more diverse samples is recommended to evaluate its long-term effectiveness and generalizability. These findings suggest that GON blockade may offer substantial relief for patients suffering from chronic migraines, providing a potential alternative for those who have not responded to conventional therapies.
Analisis Pengaruh Brand Image, Persepsi Harga, Promosi Dan Kualitas Produk Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Vans Indonesia
Authors: Andika Yanutri Pambudi  , Wiyadi
Published: November 2024

This study aims to analyze the influence of brand image, price perception, promotion, and product quality on product purchasing decisions vans indonesia. This study is included in the category of survey research using questionnaires as a primary data collection tool. The population in this study is all FEB UMS students who have made purchases and who have used Vans Indonesia products. The sampling technique used in this study is purposive sampling. The results can be concluded that partially brand image and product quality does not significantly affect the purchase decision, while the perception of price and promotion have a positive and significant effect on the purchase decision
Pengaruh Pengalaman, Komitmen Profesi, Locus of Control dan Independensi Terhadap Perilaku Auditor dalam Situasi Konflik Audit
Authors: Amanda Intan Puspitasari  , Muhammad Abdul Aris
Published: November 2024

This study aims to determine the influence of experience, professional commitment, locus of control and independence on the behavior of auditors in audit conflict situations . This study includes quantitative research with primary data types. Source data obtained from the filling of questionnaires. The population in this study are auditors who work at the public accounting firm (KAP) in Yogyakarta and Surakarta. Sampling technique performed in the study is to use convenience sampling, and the final result obtained a sample of 49 respondents. The results of the study can be concluded that the auditor's experience, professional commitment, and independence does not affect the behavior of auditors in audit conflict situations, while the locus of control affects the behavior of auditors in audit conflict situations.
Strategy to Increase the Number of Product Sales Using the Swot Method: Case Study in Solo Coffee Rates
Authors: Lucky Chrisaviano  , Bekti Nugrahadi  , Anita Oktaviana Trisna Devi
Published: November 2024

Laju Kopi is a coffee shop centered in Yogyakarta and founded in 2018. They expanded at Solo in 2021. Laju Kopi Solo experienced a decline in sales because the company had not yet established an appropriate marketing strategy. This research aims to determine the strategy to increase product sales at Laju Kopi Solo using SWOT analysis. Research data collection used interview methods and distributed questionnaires to owners, employees, and consumers. This is to find out internal and external factors. After the value analysis of these factors, it can be identified that the Laju Kopi Solo is in quadrant I in the SWOT matrix. It shows that the Laju Kopi Solo is in a state of growth. Therefore, It can produce strategies that can increase product sales at Laju Kopi Solo.
Konsep Pendidikan Akhlak Siswa Menurut Habib Abdillah Bin Al-Haddad dalam Kitab Adabu Sulukil Murid
Authors: Muhammad Izhar Ar-rasyid Manik
Published: November 2024

The aim of this research is to analyze the ideal students in practicing muamalah in everyday life both in the classroom and outside the classroom, as we find in the current era the morale of students is experiencing a decline, and here we can find out the relevance of Habib Abdillah's thoughts bin Alawi al Haddad in the book of adabu sulukil pupil, this research uses a literature review or library research. This research covers how Habib abdillah bin alawi al haddad thinks about ideal students and educational methods in the book of adabu sulukil pupil, which is really needed for improve the morality of students to become good individuals and have good morals so that one of the goals of learning is achieved. The results of this research show that an ideal student is a form of education discovered by Habib Abdullah bin Alawi al-Haddad which can be said to be very practical. And guided by the Koran and Al Hadith.