bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The extinct marine megafauna of the Phanerozoic
Authors: Pimiento Catalina , Kocáková Kristína , Mathes Gregor H. , Argyriou Thodoris , Cadena Edwin-Alberto , Cooper Jack A. , Cortés Dirley , Field Daniel J. , Klug Christian , Scheyer Torsten M. , Valenzuela-Toro Ana M. , Buess Timon , Günter Meike , Gardiner Amanda M. , Hatt Pascale , Holdener Geraldine , Jacober Giulia , Kobelt Sabrina , Masseraz Sheldon , Mehli Ian , Reiff Sarah , Rigendinger Eva , Ruckstuhl Mimo , Schneider Santana , Seige Clarissa , Senn Nathalie , Staccoli Valeria , Baumann Jessica , Flüeler Livio , Guevara Lino J. , Ickin Esin , Kissling Kimberley C. , Rogenmoser Janis , Spitznagel Dominik , Villafaña Jaime A. , Zanatta Chiara
Published: May 2024

The modern marine megafauna is known to play important ecological roles and includes many charismatic species that have drawn the attention of both the scientific community and the public. However, the extinct marine megafauna has never been assessed as a whole, nor has it been defined in deep time. Here, we review the literature to define and list the species that constitute the extinct marine megafauna, and to explore biological and ecological patterns throughout the Phanerozoic. We propose a size cut-off of 1 m of length to define the extinct marine megafauna. Based on this definition, we list 706 taxa belonging to eight main groups. We found that the extinct marine megafauna was conspicuous over the Phanerozoic and ubiquitous across all geological eras and periods, with the Mesozoic, especially the Cretaceous, having the greatest number of taxa. Marine reptiles include the largest size recorded (21 m; Shonisaurus sikanniensis) and contain the highest number of extinct marine megafaunal taxa. This contrasts with today’s assemblage, where marine animals achieve sizes of >30 m. The extinct marine megafaunal taxa were found to be well-represented in the Paleobiology Database, but not better sampled than their smaller counterparts. Among the extinct marine megafauna, there appears to be an overall increase in body size through time. Most extinct megafaunal taxa were inferred to be macropredators preferentially living in coastal environments. Across the Phanerozoic, megafaunal species had similar extinction risks as smaller species, in stark contrast to modern oceans where the large species are most affected by human perturbations. Our work represents a first step towards a better understanding of the marine megafauna that lived in the geological past. However, more work is required to expand our list of taxa and their traits so that we can obtain a more complete picture of their ecology and evolution.
Approaches to improving mental health care for autistic children and young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pemovska Tamara , Loizou Sofia , Appleton Rebecca , Spain Debbie , Stefanidou Theodora , Kular Ariana , Cooper Ruth , Greenburgh Anna , Griffiths Jessica , Barnett Phoebe , Foye Una , Baldwin Helen , Minchin Matilda , Brady Gráinne , Saunders Katherine R. K. , Ahmed Nafiso , Jackson Robin , Olive Rachel Rowan , Parker Jennie , Timmerman Amanda , Sapiets Suzi , Driskell Eva , Chipp Beverley , Parsons Bethany , Totsika Vaso , Mandy Will , Pender Richard , Clery Philippa , Lloyd-Evans Brynmor , Simpson Alan , Johnson Sonia
Published: May 2024

Autistic children and young people (CYP) experience mental health difficulties but face many barriers to accessing and benefiting from mental health care. There is a need to explore strategies in mental health care for autistic CYP to guide clinical practice and future research and support their mental health needs. Our aim was to identify strategies used to improve mental health care for autistic CYP and examine evidence on their acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness. A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out. All study designs reporting acceptability/feasibility outcomes and empirical quantitative studies reporting effectiveness outcomes for strategies tested within mental health care were eligible. We conducted a narrative synthesis and separate meta-analyses by informant (self, parent, and clinician). Fifty-seven papers were included, with most investigating cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based interventions for anxiety and several exploring service-level strategies, such as autism screening tools, clinician training, and adaptations regarding organization of services. Most papers described caregiver involvement in therapy and reported adaptations to communication and intervention content; a few reported environmental adjustments. In the meta-analyses, parent- and clinician-reported outcomes, but not self-reported outcomes, showed with moderate certainty that CBT for anxiety was an effective treatment compared to any comparison condition in reducing anxiety symptoms in autistic individuals. The certainty of evidence for effectiveness, synthesized narratively, ranged from low to moderate. Evidence for feasibility and acceptability tended to be positive. Many identified strategies are simple, reasonable adjustments that can be implemented in services to enhance mental health care for autistic individuals. Notable research gaps persist, however.
“An Army of Little Mothers”: Progressive Era Eugenic Maternalism and the Medicalization of Motherhood
Authors: Marsella Jamie
Published: May 2024

This article explores the role of the Little Mothers’ Leagues in New York City, clubs created by public health authorities to educate working-class girls as young as eight years old who took care of their younger siblings while their parents worked. The Little Mothers’ Leagues served as an essential link between social reform and eugenic public health programming during the first two decades of the twentieth century. Eugenic maternalism, as articulated by the Little Mothers’ Leagues, distilled a sense of Americanness into a set of hygienic practices and rituals that could be easily understood and imitated. Through the Little Mothers’ Leagues, eugenic maternalist reformers addressed essential questions regarding the role of social reform in the “Americanization” process, the role of young girls as citizens and as entry points to the immigrant home, and the extent to which environmental reform could regulate the immigrant family. Examining the Little Mothers’ Leagues as a project that was both eugenic and maternalist allows us to better understand the ways that eugenic thinking permeated popular discourse through child welfare reform and domestic science.
Legislating Morality in the Gilded Age and Progressive Era: Moral Panic and the “White Slave” Case That Changed America
Authors: Unger Nancy C.
Published: May 2024

This article is based on the presidential address presented to the Society for Historians of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era at the meeting of the Organization of American Historians in Los Angeles in 2023. Its focus is Maury Diggs and Drew Caminetti, two white men from Sacramento, California, charged with violating the Mann Act (known as the White Slave Trafficking Act) in 1913. The Gilded Age and Progressive Era obsession with white slavery, a phenomenon that has particular resonance in today’s climate, reveals the power of moral panics. Examining the steps, and missteps, that various legal, social, and political entities, including all three branches of government, took in response to Diggs and Caminetti’s actions highlights some of the major social changes gripping the nation. Moral panics can be investigated as crucial historical sites of contestation, revealing efforts to neutralize or turn back the societal changes perceived to be the greatest threat to the prevailing social power structure—in this case foreigners, the new leisure culture, the liberalization of sexual attitudes, and the threat of female independence. Understanding the origins and repercussions of past moral panics can help identify, understand, and possibly defuse future panics.
Shell Reworking Impacts on Climate Variability Reconstructions Using Individual Foraminiferal Analyses
Authors: Bienzobas Montávez Natalia , Thirumalai Kaustubh , Marino Gianluca
Published: May 2024

Particle mixing by benthic fauna beneath the sediment‐water interface (or bioturbation) fundamentally challenges the proxy based retrieval of past climatic conditions from deep‐sea sediment cores. Previous efforts targeted the impacts of bioturbation on the nature of paleoceanographic changes gleaned from the proxy record, whereas impacts on seasonal and/or interannual variability reconstructions have received less attention. We present TurbIFA (Tracking uncertainty of reworking & bioturbation on IFA), a software that adapts and combines existing algorithms to quantitatively estimate the impact of sediment reworking and other uncertainties and assess significance of ocean and climate variability reconstructions based on individual foraminiferal analyses (IFA). Building upon previous idealized investigations of bioturbation using hydroclimate‐sediment simulations, TurbIFA advances the IFA proxy system modeling such that users may directly assess the sensitivity of their data to various local parameters related to shell reworking across the global ocean. Using the output of state‐of‐the‐art coupled atmosphere‐ocean general circulation models, TurbIFA simulates planktic foraminiferal δ18O or Mg/Ca‐temperature signal carriers and evaluates uncertainties in the sample size, analytical protocols along with as those arising from bioturbation. Application of TurbIFA to synthetic and existing data sets indicates that the significance of IFA‐based reconstructions can be assessed once the impacts of sediment accumulation rates, sediment mixed layer depths, length of time integrated by the chosen IFA sampling interval, and changes in the amplitude of climate variability (i.e., the targeted environmental signal) are comprehensively evaluated. We contend that TurbIFA can aid quantitative assessments of past seasonal and interannual variability gleaned from the paleoceanographic record.
Physical Mechanisms of Deep Convective Boundary Layer Leading to Dust Emission in the Taklimakan Desert
Authors: Zhang Lu , Zhang Hongsheng , Cai Xuhui , Song Yu , Mamtimin Ali , He Qing
Published: May 2024

Deserts play an important role in the climate system, which is closely associated with the emission and transport of dust aerosols. Based on the intensive observation experiment in the Taklimakan Desert, the potential physical processes between the deep convective boundary layer (CBL) and dust emission are revealed in this study. Deep CBL enables the formation of clouds in the late afternoon, leading to significant cooling of surface. Large‐scale buoyant coherent structures thereby transform into the mechanical coherent structures confined near the surface. The responses promote the earlier occurrence of low‐level jet (LLJ) than in cloudless conditions, which allows the downward transport of LLJ momentum and substantially increases surface wind. Therefore, dust emission is initiated by strong wind at dusk and lasts for several hours. The results are useful to predict dust emissions and improve our understanding of distinctive boundary‐layer processes in desert regions.
Multiple myeloma patients with a long remission after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Pasvolsky Oren , Wang Zhongya , Milton Denái R. , Tanner Mark R. , Bashir Qaiser , Srour Samer , Saini Neeraj , Lin Paul , Ramdial Jeremy , Nieto Yago , Tang Guilin , Kebriaei Partow , Aljawai Yosra , Khan Hina N. , Lee Hans C. , Ye Christine , Patel Krina K. , Thomas Sheeba K. , Orlowski Robert Z. , Shpall Elizabeth J. , Champlin Richard E. , Qazilbash Muzaffar H.
Published: May 2024

Autologous stem cell transplantation (autoHCT) is considered standard of care for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM). Although most patients eventually progress after autoHCT, a small proportion achieve a durable response. In this retrospective study we included 1576 patients, 244 (15%) of whom were long-term responders (LTR), defined as having a progression-free survival (PFS) of ≥8 years after transplant. Patients in the LTR group were younger than the non-LTR group (median age 58.4 vs. 59.5 years; p = 0.012), less likely to have high-risk cytogenetics (4% vs. 14%; p < 0.001), more often had <50% bone marrow plasma cells (67% vs. 58%; p = 0.018) and R-ISS stage I disease (43% vs. 34%). More patients in the LTR group received post-transplant maintenance (63% vs. 52%; p = 0.002). Patients in the LTR group had higher rates of complete response (CR) at day100 (41% vs. 27%; p < 0.001) and at best post-transplant response (70% vs. 37%; p < 0.001), compared to the non-LTR group. Patients in the LTR groups had a median PFS of 169.3 months and the median overall survival (OS) had not been reached. The leading cause of death in the LTR was disease progression. In conclusion, 15% of patients in the cohort were LTR after upfront autoHCT, with distinct characteristics and a median PFS of more than 14 years.
Spatial distribution, influencing factors and innovative development countermeasures of farmer cooperatives in Hunan Province, China
Authors: Bin Liu , Chengli Tang , Guohua Zhou , Qiuhong Li , Chun Yi
Published: May 2024

China’s rural reform is reliant on farmers' cooperatives as a key organization vehicle. It plays an important role in promoting rural revitalization. Such as, realizing the organic connection between small farmers and agricultural modernization. This study used the nearest neighbor index and kernel density estimation to analyze the spatial distribution and structural characteristics of farmer cooperatives in Hunan Province. It revealed the spatial differentiation law of cooperatives. Also using geographical detectors to figure out the main factors that affect the spatial distribution. The results show that: ① Hunan Farmers Cooperatives show significant spatial agglomeration. The overall spatial distribution shows the spatial characteristics of "one core, one circle, and multiple points". And the spatial distribution pattern of "large agglomeration, finger-shaped radiation distribution". Among them, the distribution of provincial demonstration cooperatives is relatively balanced. ② Cooperatives in six types of industries, such as planting, forestry, and feeding, showed agglomeration distribution. Different industrial cooperatives spread out in different ways, such as in an anti-"L" shape, a dual-core shape, or a one-center area. ③ The 24 influence factors selected from the five dimensions of the natural environment, social economic basis, production basis, output capacity, and facility basis have high, general, and weak influence on cooperatives' spatial distribution. The development and distribution of cooperatives mainly depend on resource endowment, social and economic development level, and market dependence. The spatial distribution heterogeneity of different professional cooperatives is mainly affected by slope, per capita disposable income of rural residents, road density, and other factors. ④ The progression of farmer cooperatives in Hunan Province should prioritize high-quality development, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches and transformative strategies within rural industrial organizations. It is imperative to optimize the spatial distribution of cooperatives, strategically contributing to the establishment of a novel framework for modern agricultural development in Hunan Province. Additionally, there is a critical emphasis on spearheading collaborative initiatives among cooperatives of varied industrial types, aimed at fostering the integrated development of rural primary, secondary, and tertiary industries.
Isobutyric acid enhances the anti-tumour effect of anti-PD-1 antibody
Authors: Murayama Masakazu , Hosonuma Masahiro , Kuramasu Atsuo , Kobayashi Sei , Sasaki Akiko , Baba Yuta , Narikawa Yoichiro , Toyoda Hitoshi , Isobe Junya , Funayama Eiji , Tajima Kohei , Sasaki Aya , Maruyama Yuki , Yamazaki Yoshitaka , Shida Midori , Hamada Kazuyuki , Hirasawa Yuya , Tsurui Toshiaki , Ariizumi Hirotsugu , Ishiguro Tomoyuki , Suzuki Risako , Ohkuma Ryotaro , Kubota Yutaro , Horiike Atsushi , Sambe Takehiko , Tsuji Mayumi , Wada Satoshi , Kobayashi Shinichi , Shimane Toshikazu , Tsunoda Takuya , Kobayashi Hitome , Kiuchi Yuji , Yoshimura Kiyoshi
Published: May 2024

The low response rate of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is a challenge. The efficacy of ICIs is influenced by the tumour microenvironment, which is controlled by the gut microbiota. In particular, intestinal bacteria and their metabolites, such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are important regulators of cancer immunity; however, our knowledge on the effects of individual SCFAs remains limited. Here, we show that isobutyric acid has the strongest effect among SCFAs on both immune activity and tumour growth. In vitro, cancer cell numbers were suppressed by approximately 75% in humans and mice compared with those in controls. Oral administration of isobutyric acid to carcinoma-bearing mice enhanced the effect of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, reducing tumour volume by approximately 80% and 60% compared with those in the control group and anti-PD-1 antibody alone group, respectively. Taken together, these findings may support the development of novel cancer therapies that can improve the response rate to ICIs.
Development of a nomogram for identifying periodontitis cases in Denmark
Authors: Cassiano Luisa Schertel , Jensen Anne B. , Pajaniaye Julie B. , Leite Fábio R. M. , Li Huihua , Andersen Anette , Bitencourt Fernando V. , Nascimento Gustavo G.
Published: May 2024

Although self-reported health outcomes are of importance, attempts to validate a clinical applicable instrument (e.g., nomogram) combining sociodemographic and self-reported information on periodontitis have yet to be performed to identify periodontitis cases. Clinical and self-reported periodontitis, along with sociodemographic data, were collected from 197 adults. Akaike information criterion models were developed to identify periodontitis, and nomograms developed based on its regression coefficients. The discriminatory capability was evaluated by receiver-operating characteristic curves. Decision curve analysis was performed. Smoking [OR 3.69 (95%CI 1.89, 7.21)], poor/fair self-rated oral health [OR 6.62 (95%CI 3.23, 13.56)], previous periodontal treatment [OR 9.47 (95%CI 4.02, 22.25)], and tooth loss [OR 4.96 (95%CI 2.47, 9.97)], determined higher probability of having "Moderate/Severe Periodontitis". Age [OR 1.08 (95%CI 1.05, 1.12)], low educational level [OR 1.65 (95%CI 1.34, 2.23)], poor/fair self-rated oral health [OR 3.57 (95%CI 1.82, 6.99)], and previous periodontal treatment [OR 6.66 (95%CI 2.83, 15.68)] determined higher probability for "Any Periodontitis". Both nomograms showed excellent discriminatory capability (AUC of 0.83 (95%CI 0.75, 0.91) and 0.81 (95% CI 0.74, 0.88), good calibration, and slight overestimation of high risk and underestimation of low risk. Hence, our nomograms could help identify periodontitis among adults in Denmark.
Root exudates and rhizosphere microbiota in responding to long-term continuous cropping of tobacco
Authors: Li Abo , Jin Keke , Zhang YuZhen , Deng Xiaopeng , Chen Yi , Wei Xiaomeng , Hu Binbin , Jiang Yonglei
Published: May 2024

Soil sickness a severe problem in tobacco production, leading to soil-borne diseases and reduce in tobacco yield. This occurs as a result of the interaction between root exudates and rhizosphere microorganisms, which is however, little studied until now. By combining the field investigation and pot experiment, we found the output yield consistently decreased during the first 10 years of continuous cropping in a tobacco field, but increased at the 15th year (15Y). The root exudate and rhizosphere bacterial community was further analyzed to reveal the underlying mechanism of the suppressive soil formation. Root exudate of 15Y tobacco enriched in amino acids and derivatives, while depleted in the typical autotoxins including phenolic acids and alkaloids. This was correlated to the low microbial diversity in 15Y, but also the changes in community composition and topological properties of the co-occurrence network. Especially, the reduced autotoxins were associated with low Actinobacteria abundance, low network complexity and high network modularity, which significantly correlated with the recovered output yield in 15Y. This study revealed the coevolution of rhizosphere microbiota and root exudate as the soil domesticated by continuous cropping of tobacco, and indicated a potential role of the autotoxins and theirs effect on the microbial community in the formation of suppressive soil.
Molecular modeling and simulation approaches to characterize potential molecular targets for burdock inulin to instigate protection against autoimmune diseases
Authors: Hashmi Huma Farooque , Xuan Xu , Chen Kaoshan , Zhang Pengying , Shahab Muhammad , Zheng Guojun , Younous Youssouf Ali , Salamatullah Ahmad Mohammad , Bourhia Mohammed
Published: May 2024

In the current study, we utilized molecular modeling and simulation approaches to define putative potential molecular targets for Burdock Inulin, including inflammatory proteins such as iNOS, COX-2, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1β. Molecular docking results revealed potential interactions and good binding affinity for these targets; however, IL-1β, COX-2, and iNOS were identified as the best targets for Inulin. Molecular simulation-based stability assessment demonstrated that inulin could primarily target iNOS and may also supplementarily target COX-2 and IL-1β during DSS-induced colitis to reduce the role of these inflammatory mechanisms. Furthermore, residual flexibility, hydrogen bonding, and structural packing were reported with uniform trajectories, showing no significant perturbation throughout the simulation. The protein motions within the simulation trajectories were clustered using principal component analysis (PCA). The IL-1β–Inulin complex, approximately 70% of the total motion was attributed to the first three eigenvectors, while the remaining motion was contributed by the remaining eigenvectors. In contrast, for the COX2–Inulin complex, 75% of the total motion was attributed to the eigenvectors. Furthermore, in the iNOS–Inulin complex, the first three eigenvectors contributed to 60% of the total motion. Furthermore, the iNOS–Inulin complex contributed 60% to the total motion through the first three eigenvectors. To explore thermodynamically favorable changes upon mutation, motion mode analysis was carried out. The Free Energy Landscape (FEL) results demonstrated that the IL-1β–Inulin achieved a single conformation with the lowest energy, while COX2–Inulin and iNOS–Inulin exhibited two lowest-energy conformations each. IL-1β–Inulin and COX2–Inulin displayed total binding free energies of − 27.76 kcal/mol and − 37.78 kcal/mol, respectively, while iNOS–Inulin demonstrated the best binding free energy results at − 45.89 kcal/mol. This indicates a stronger pharmacological potential of iNOS than the other two complexes. Thus, further experiments are needed to use inulin to target iNOS and reduce DSS-induced colitis and other autoimmune diseases.
Facile synthesis of anthranilic acid based dual functionalized novel hyper cross-linked polymer for promising CO2 capture and efficient Cr3+ adsorption
Authors: Abid Amin , Raza Saqlain , Qureshi Ahmad Kaleem , Ali Sajjad , Areej Isham , Nazeer Shahid , Tan Bien , Al-onazi Wedad A. , Rizwan Muhammad , Iqbal Rashid
Published: May 2024

A novel hyper cross-linked polymer of 2-Aminobenzoic acid (HCP-AA) is synthesized for the adsorption of Cr3+ and CO2. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of HCP-AA is 615 m2 g−1. HCP-AA of particle size 0.5 nm showed maximum adsorption of Cr3+ for lab prepared wastewater (93%) while it was 88% for real industrial wastewater. It is might be due to electrostatic interactions, cation-π interactions, lone pair interactions and cation exchange at pH 7; contact time of 8 min; adsorbent dose 0.8 g. The adsorption capacity was calculated 52.63 mg g−1 for chromium metal ions at optimum conditions. Freundlich isotherm studies R2 = 0.9273 value is the best fit and follows pseudo second order kinetic model (R2 = 0.979). The adsorption is found non-spontaneous and exothermic through thermodynamic calculations like Gibbs free energy (ΔG), enthalpy change (ΔH) and entropy change (ΔS) were 6.58 kJ mol−1, − 60.91 kJ mol−1 and − 45.79 kJ mol−1 K−1, respectively. The CO2 adsorption capacity of HCP-AA is 1.39 mmol/g with quantity of 31.1 cm3/g (6.1 wt%) at 273Kwhile at 298 K adsorption capacity is 1.12 mmol/g with quantity 25.2 cm3/g (5 wt%). Overall, study suggests that carboxyl (–COOH) and amino (–NH2) groups may be actively enhancing the adsorption capacity of HCP-AA for Cr3+ and CO2.
Evaluation of CSF 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α and erythrocyte anisocytosis as prognostic biomarkers for delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Wiśniewski Karol , Zaczkowski Karol , Szmyd Bartosz M. , Popęda Marta , Bieńkowski Michał , Posmyk Bartłomiej , Bobeff Ernest J. , Jaskólski Dariusz J.
Published: May 2024

Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a serious, life-threatening, complication affecting patients who have survived the initial bleeding from a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Due to the challenging diagnosis, potential DCI prognostic markers should be of value in clinical practice. According to recent reports isoprostanes and red blood cell distribution (RDW) showed to be promising in this respect. We conducted a prospective study of 27 aSAH patients and control group (n = 8). All patients from the study group were treated within the first day of the initial bleeding. We collected data regarding clinical status and results of biochemical, and radiological examinations. We measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (F2-IsoP) and RDW on days 1, 3, and 5. Both CSF F2-IsoP level and RDW-SD measured on day 1 were significant predictors of DCI. The receiver operating characteristics curve for DCI prediction based on the multivariate model yielded an area under the curve of 0.924 (95% CI 0.824–1.000, p < 0.001). In our study, the model based on the combination of RDW and the level of isoprostanes in CSF on the first day after the initial bleeding showed a prognostic value for DCI prediction. Further studies are required to validate this observation.
Screening practices and risk assessment for maculopathy in pentosan polysulfate users across different exposure levels
Authors: Kwon Hyeon Yoon , Kim Jiyeong , Ahn Seong Joon
Published: May 2024

In this population-based cohort study, we investigated screening practices for maculopathy and incidences of specific macular/retinal conditions in pentosan polysulfate (PPS) users and assessed the relationship between these outcomes and drug exposure levels. Using a health claims database that covers approximately 50 million Koreans, we identified 138,593 individuals who were prescribed PPS between 2010 and 2021. For the 133,762 PPS users who initiated therapy between 2012 and 2021, the cumulative PPS dose for each participant was evaluated, and based on their cumulative PPS dose, patients were categorized into the high-risk (≥ 500 g), low-risk (50–500 g), and minimal exposure (< 50 g) groups. We analyzed the performance and methods of these examination methods used between 2018 and 2021 and compared them among cumulative dose groups to determine whether high-risk users underwent maculopathy screening more frequently or appropriately. We assessed the cumulative incidence of overall macular degeneration and maculopathy excluding common macular diseases following PPS therapy initiation. Most PPS users (99.7%) received a cumulative PPS dose < 500 g and the high- and low-risk groups comprised 445 (0.3%) and 22,185 (16.6%) patients, respectively. During the study period, monitoring examinations were conducted in 52.6% and 49.4% of high- and low-risk patients, respectively, revealing no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.156). No significant differences were observed in the annual percentages of patients receiving ophthalmic examinations between the high- and low-risk groups (all P > 0.05). The cumulative incidences of overall macular degeneration and maculopathy excluding common macular diseases in high-risk users were 19.3% and 9.0%, respectively, which were significantly different from those of low-risk users (both P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed significantly higher risks of maculopathy excluding common macular diseases in the low- (Hazard ratio [HR] of 1.55 [95% CI 1.13–2.12]) and high-risk groups (HR of 1.66 [95% CI 1.22–2.27]) compared to the minimal exposure group. Our findings suggest a need for increased emphasis on PPS maculopathy screening in high-risk patients, highlighting raising awareness regarding exposure-dependent risks and the establishment of screening guidelines.
In Situ Synthesis of Multifunctional Hybrid Nanocomposites Based on Graphene Derivatives and Inorganic Nanoparticles for Advanced Applications
Authors: Ingrosso C. , Depalo N. , Fanizza E , Panniello A. , Comparelli R. , Agostiano A. , Striccoli M. , Curri M. L.
Published: May 2024

Hybrid nanocomposites based on graphene derivatives decorated with inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted the interest of the scientific community for advanced technology applications, due to the synergistic combination of the superior properties of graphene with the unique size- and shape-dependent functionalities of the inorganic matter, at the nanoscale. Such a combination is able not only to enhance the properties of the single components, but also to achieve original and unprecedented functionalities, thus motivating significant efforts in developing innovative solutions for preparing multifunctional nanocomposites. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the latest bottom-up and top-down methods, and often unconventional chemical and physical approaches, for the in situ decoration of graphene derivatives with inorganic NPs, and also offers insights into the origin of their structure- and morphology-related properties, in view of their potential applications. After a general description of the properties of graphene derivatives, their covalent and non-covalent functionalisation routes, selected examples of in situ and ex situ methods for preparing nanocomposites with inorganic NPs, polymers and molecules are addressed, and a comprehensive discussion of the latest unconventional in situ routes for manufacturing functional hybrid nanocomposite materials and their technological application in devices is reported.
Water-sensitive fluorescent microgel inks to produce verifiable information for highly secured anti-counterfeiting
Authors: Shang Hui , Le Xiaoxia , Sun Yu , Wu Shuangshuang , Wang Yu , Théato Patrick , Chen Tao
Published: May 2024

The printable multicolor microgels exhibit excellent discoloration behavior and can act as fluorescent anti-counterfeiting inks, which are ascribed to the water-responsive FRET effect and changes in the aggregation state of fluorescent dyes.
Development of analytical model for managing emergency preparedness and response system to nuclear power facility accident
Authors: Burlov Vyacheslav , Polyukhovich Maxim , Idrisova Jamila , Logvinova Yulia
Published: May 2024

In this work, a control model of the emergency preparedness system for nuclear and radiation accidents was synthesized, a block diagram of the control system of the emergency preparedness system for nuclear and radiation accidents was developed, and the control vector of the emergency preparedness system for nuclear and radiation accidents was determined to achieve the required performance indicator of target emergency preparedness and response activities.
Experimental study in heat accumulators with a phase transition of matter
Authors: Makhmudov R.M. , Fayziev Z.X. , Kholmuradova Z.I. , Uzboev M.D. , Taniberdiyev Sh.X.
Published: May 2024

The proposed article is devoted to the study of a heat accumulator with a phase transition of a substance, which is a model of an accumulator with a semi-co- occupational heat pipe through which a coolant (water) passes at different temperatures. To intensify the heat exchange process between the coolant and the heat-storing material, the tube is fitted with longitudinal and transverse ribs, and aluminum shavings are added to the HSM composition. The experimental results make it possible to suggest that there are such values of the studied parameters (flow rate, coolant temperature) at which a further increase in the latter does not have a significant effect on the rate of processes in heat accumulators based on a phase transition.
Wind influence on the spent nuclear fuel safety in dry cask storage
Authors: Kaisenov N.E. , Melikhov O.I. , Melikhov V.I. , Tripolets I.N.
Published: May 2024

This article examines the effect of wind load on the safety of spent fuel storage in a naturally ventilated building. To assess the influence of wind influences characteristic of the Akkuyu NPP site on the temperature of fuel rod cladding, a CFD model of the spent fuel storage building was developed. Reynolds-averaged governing equations of motion (RANS model) with a k-ε turbulence model were used. Computational grid included about 17 million cells. The CFD model allowed us to study different directions and intensities of wind loads, estimate the temperature around the containers and identify stagnant zones. Based on the modeling results, the dependences of the influence of wind load on the thermal fields in the building were obtained. These dependencies allowed for design decisions to be made that guaranteed safety and ensured the continuation of construction of the building.
Neural network analysis of the productivity of biogas plants for small agricultural enterprises
Authors: Klyosov Dmitry , Lomazov Vadim , Miroshnichenko Irina , Lomazov Alexander
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of assessing the productivity of biogas plants. The aim of the work is to build intelligent tools for evaluating the performance of biogas plants by determining the output of biogas depending on the properties of raw materials based on the fuzzy inference method according to the Sugeno algorithm. First of all, the output of biogas is influenced by the chemical composition of the raw materials used. The chemical composition indicators were obtained by the authors in the framework of experimental studies. To carry out the analysis, a knowledge base was built on the following parameters: humidity, crude ash content, crude fat content, crude protein content, crude fiber content, nitrogen-free extractive substances content. The fuzzification of its vertices in the section of 2- and 3-term sets has been carried out. Membership functions of fuzzy sets for each parameter are constructed. The fuzzification of the root is defined in 5 categories. A system of rules was compiled based on experimental data, and the biogas yield was calculated depending on the initial parameters. The results obtained can be used in the organization of biogas plants.
Scientific and technical basis for biogas production and utilization in Turkmenistan
Authors: Danatarova Mahri , Orazberdiyeva Mahriban
Published: May 2024

This study demonstrates the feasibility of biogas production from poultry litter. Based on this research a biogas plant (digester) with a volume of 2 m3 was designed, constructed, and operated, as a result of digestion in 20 days, biogas with the content of methane (CH4) 65.77% was obtained. The study also calculated biogas production in a thermophilic and mesophilic mode for 20 days in June and July to assess the energy supply of the “Kekech” poultry farm with 45,000 chickens. The results of the research showed that in thermophile mode in May month on average per day, it is possible to receive 167200 m3 of biogas, and in mesophile mode 162954 m3, and for July month for thermophile mode 158554 m3/day, and in mesophile mode 165000 m3/day.
European Spongy moth (Lymantria dispar) (Lepidoptera) outbreaks in some regions of European Russia in 2023
Authors: Ruchin Alexander , Lobachev Evgeniy , Lukiyanov Sergei
Published: May 2024

A study was conducted to investigate the distribution and significant increase in the abundance of Lymantria dispar within the forest-steppe zone of European Russia, encompassing the regions of Ryazan, Moscow, Vladimir, and Ulyanovsk. The examination of hotspots associated with this pest during the year 2023 involved an analysis of data derived from diverse sources. The investigation encompassed an assessment of plant species that either attracted or repelled the pest’s caterpillars under natural conditions. The defoliation phenomenon was observed to vary across distinct plant species, with notable instances of extensive destruction identified on Betula, Quercus robur, Populus tremula, and various Salix species at multiple observation plots. Conversely, conifers such as Larix sibirica, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, and certain invasive (introduced) species, including Acer negundo, Elaeagnus argentea, Hirrarchaea rhamnoides, and Syringa vulgaris, exhibited an absence of caterpillar presence.
The structure of the pore space of Tournaisian reservoir rocks in the southeast of Tatarstan Republic
Authors: Kolchugin Anton , Morozov Vladimir , Korolev Eduard , Khauzkin Alexey , Eskin Alexey
Published: May 2024

The article shows the main types of structures of the porosity of the Tournaisian reservoirs from the southeast of Tatarstan. The main type of pore space is intergrain porosity, while the fractures have a subordinate significance. They are analyzed in detail main factors of the origin of the pore space of the Tournaisian reservoir rock. There are include depositional, diagenetic, structural and tectonically factors. The depositional factor is the selectivity of rock types as reservoirs, only two lithological types of limestone have industrially significant reservoir properties and represented by peloidal and crinoid-peloidal packstones. The diagenetic factor realizes via secondary leaching of carbonate rocks during burial diagenesis of rocks. Leaching processes provide the main increase in rock porosity. On the one hand, the structural and tectonic factor provides the possibility of oil charge in the structure, on the other hand, it shows the heterogeneity of the distribution of porosity depending on the position of the reservoir rocks on the structure. The highest porosity values are characteristic for the crest part, lower for the flanks and minimal for the deflections of the oil-bearing structures.
Anomalous geoobjects in the Lithosphere of Uzbekistan and their interrelations with ore deposits
Authors: Sidorova I.P. , Saxobidinov R.I. , Golovko E.A.
Published: May 2024

One of the priority tasks of the Geological Service of the Republic of Uzbekistan is the study of the paleozoic foundation under the cover of Meso-Cenozoic sediments, mainly using deep seismic sounding profiles, in order to trace known ore fields and mineralized zones in the overlying part of the basement. In recent years, in the laboratory “Structure of the Lithosphere” of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics named after Kh.M. Abdullayev, new data have been obtained as a result of reinterpretation of a complex of geophysical data. In the present work examines the role of anomalous geoobjects with high and low seismic density parameters along deep seismic sounding (DSS) profiles in the Lithosphere of Uzbekistan from the point of view of their spatial correlation with explored deposits of ore minerals. New regional features of the interrelationships between the geological structure of the lithospheric deep structures of Uzbekistan and the spatial distribution of deposits have been identified.
Structure and composition of the Sarailinsky depression oil source strata in territory of the Tatarstan Republic
Authors: Korolev Eduard , Morozov Vladimir , Eskin Aleksey , Kolchugin Anton , Khauzkin Alexey
Published: May 2024

The work carried out a study of core material from oil source rocks of the Sarailinsky depression, located between the southern and northern domes of the Tatar arch within the Tatarstan Republic. The well sections of the Sarailinsky strata are dominated by carbonate rocks, represented by packstones, wackestones and mudstones. Among the limestones lie interlayers of carbonate-siliceous rocks and mudstones. All rock lithotypes are enriched to varying degrees in sapropelic organic matter, which allows them to be classified as oil source deposits. There is a tendency for the relative content of organic matter to increase in the series: limestone → carbonate-siliceous rocks → mudstones. Judging by the interlayering of rocks of different composition in the section, the formation of the Sarailinsky strata took place in a marine sedimentation basin, with periodically changing environmental conditions. Under normal conditions, limestone was formed, under abnormal conditions, carbonate-siliceous rocks enriched in organic matter were formed, and when the removal of terrigenous material from the continent intensified, argillites were formed.
Processes of vibroimpact treatment of wells
Authors: Zaripova Lilia , Shaydakov Vladimir
Published: May 2024

The article presents the results of statistical processing of patent and scientific and technical information published in Russia, Great Britain, China, USA, EU countries, Japan on the problem of vibration shock treatment of injection wells, which is used to clean the bottom-hole formation zone from mechanical impurities, corrosion products, asphalt resin paraffin oil components. It was revealed that about 90% of the information is presented in journal articles, conference materials and patents. To a lesser extent, information is presented in books and dissertation research. There are practically no educational and methodological publications. The publication activity is devoted to the oscillatory movement of rock particles in a productive formation, the effect on rheological properties, the reduction of hydraulic resistance, the destruction of oil-water emulsions, the effect on the deposition of salts and paraffins.
Investigation of the stress state of an elastic hollow ball during filtration of liquid through its wall
Authors: Khabibullin Marat , Gizzatullina Alina , Suleimanov Rustem , Khabibullin Arsen
Published: May 2024

When determining the stress state of an elastic hollow ball when filtering liquid through its wall, it is necessary to solve the stress problem for the case of liquid filtration to the center of the ball with a decrease in pressure in its cavity. This case represents for us an element of the general problem of the stressed state of the annular filter behind the casing during well operation. First, the problem of liquid filtration is solved -pressure changes in the body under study are determined during liquid filtration. Then the equilibrium equation with respect to radial deformation is solved. A change in the sign of the filtration potential leads to a change in the tangential stresses on the well wall to a value equal to a tripled depression of reservoir pressure (with radial stresses equal to zero). This explains the negative effect of well shutdowns, and even more so the change in the direction of the filtration flow in the downhole part of the formation on the stability of the walls of wells, the operation of which is complicated by sand formation. The maximum difference of the main normal stresses is observed on the well wall, therefore, in order to prevent formation destruction near the bottom, a necessary condition is that the strength properties of rocks correspond to the stresses acting in this zone. When operating wells prone to plugging, it is necessary to limit the depression of reservoir pressure to the maximum permissible value when the material of the filter zone is in an elastic state throughout the volume.
Determination of the residual life of the pipe metal under conditions of corrosion fatigue
Authors: Garifullina Gulnaz , Gizzatullina Alina
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a method for calculating the residual metal life of pipelines with crack-like defects. The results of corrosion and fatigue tests of ordinary grade structural steel VSt3sp, widely used in the oil and gas industry, are presented. The work carried out studies on the effect of cathodic polarization on the cyclic crack resistance of VSt3sp steel under the influence of a carbonate-bicarbonate medium.
Microhardness, Surface Roughness, and Wear Resistance Enhancement of Reinforced Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement Using Fluorinated Graphene Oxide Nanosheets
Authors: Aboelwafa Mona R. , Shaheen Sarah D.
Published: May 2024

Objectives Conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs) have been considered the most prevalent restorative material however; the reduced mechanical qualities and decreased wear resistance have been the main challenges facing their wide clinical application. This study was designed to assess the mechanical properties of fluorinated graphene (FG) oxide-modified conventional GIC.

Materials and Methods Composites of FG/GIC samples were prepared using (Medifil from PROMEDICA, Germany, shade A3) at different concentrations (0wt%) control group and (1wt%, 2wt% and 3wt% FG) groups using cylindrical molds (3mm × 6mm). FG was prepared using hydrothermal technique and characterized using XPERT-PRO Powder Diffractometer system for X-ray diffraction analysis and JEOL JEM-2100 high resolution transmission electron microscope. Vickers' hardness and wear resistance of GI samples were measured. Mechanical abrasion was performed via three-body tooth brushing wear test using ROBOTA chewing simulator coupled with a thermocycling protocol (Model ACH-09075DC-T, AD-Tech Technology Co., Ltd., Leinfelden-Echterdingen, Germany).

Statistical Analysis Comparisons between groups with respect to normally distributed numeric variables were performed using one-way analysis of variance test followed by posthoc test. While paired t-test was utilized for comparing data within the same group.

Results: The surface roughness values of GICs (1wt% FG) and (2wt% FG) composites were significantly lower than those of the control and 3wt%FG groups. Vickers' hardness numbers were significantly higher in FG/GICs composites than in the control group (p≤0.05).

Conclusion GIC/FG combinations have sufficient strength to resist the occlusion stresses with improved hardness as compared with conventional GIC. GIC/FG appeared to be a promising restorative material.