bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capture methods of Caiman latirostris Daudin, 1802 (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae) in northern Uruguay, with notes of defensive and feeding behaviours
Authors: Borteiro Claudio , Gutiérrez Francisco , Tedros Marcelo , Kolenc Francisco , Martins Verdade Luciano
Published: February 2023

Caiman latirostris is a Neotropical crocodilian for which there is scarce natural history information in regard to other species, as also about survey methods used by field researchers. In this work we report the capture methodology implemented during population monitoring in northern Uruguay and some observations about defensive and feeding behaviours. We found the use of a metallic clamp as very useful for capturing juveniles and subadult individuals (< 120 cm total length) in vegetated habitats, while a wire snare was used for adults. Regardless locomotor escape, we provide a reappraisal of defensive behaviours in the presence of humans, with particular comments on tonic immobility. In addition, we suggest an apparent case of carcass consumption (scavenging) for the species, a presumedly common behaviour but sometimes hard to observe in wild crocodilians.
Food taboo and dietary habits among low-income people in Kedah, Malaysia
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmad Zubir
Published: February 2023

Food beliefs and taboos about certain foods influence the use and consumption of food in the household. Today, especially in rural areas, some people believe certain foods affect health. This practice has resulted in the non-optimized intake of some food categories. As a result, it is not easy to diversify the types of food for daily diet. This study aims to investigate the beliefs and convictions of rural communities in Kedah regarding certain foods that may influence health. This study also identified the pattern of food intake among residents in rural areas of Kedah State following the belief that some foods can affect health. This study focuses on the rural areas of Kedah State, which include Kubang Pasu, Baling, Pendang, Alor Setar, and Kuala Muda districts. A total of 225 farmers in the rural areas of the selected districts were selected using stratified random sampling. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25 and food intake results. The results of the study show that low-income residents in rural areas of Kedah believe that some foods have an impact on health. A total of 37.11% believe that coffee, carbonated drinks, fresh milk, and low-fat milk cause headaches, stomach aches, heartburn, and nausea, followed by 18.66% who admit that spicy foods such as mutton, beef, and durian cause headaches, high blood pressure and skin problems. The impact of the food taboo has resulted in an overall food consumption rate below 29.9 in households of low-income residents in rural areas in Kedah State. The study's findings suggest that the Malaysian Ministry of Health should develop nutrition and health awareness programs and activities for the rural population. At the same time, there is a need for a comprehensive restructuring of the curriculum and syllabus by addressing the need for healthy eating as early as primary school so that nutrition and health awareness can be embedded in early childhood education.
The study of functional and technological properties of vegetarian ice cream
Authors: Bal-Prylypko Larysa , Nikolaenko Mykola , Volkhova Taisiia , Holembovska Nataliia , Tyshchenko Liudmyla , Ivaniuta Anastasiia , Israelian Valentyna , Menchynska Alina , Shynkaruk Oleksandra , Melnik Viktoriia
Published: February 2023

The use perspective and expediency of plant-based milk, enriched with fiber when combined with organic products, biobased products, and sugar substitute products, has been substantiated in the manufacturing process of vegetarian ice cream. When combined with pumpkin fiber, stevia, bananas, pistachios, coconut oil, and coffee beans with different functional and technological properties, rice milk has a purposeful influence on organoleptic and Physico-chemical properties of food products. Accordingly, the expediency of added rice milk (62%) has been determined to optimize vegetarian ice cream's vitamin and mineral composition. The optimal component ratio has been determined employing experimental studies and multi-criteria optimization: for ice cream "Banana & Pistachio": rice milk –  62%, pumpkin fiber – 2.5%, – 0.5%, banana – 16%, pistachio – 6.8%, coconut oil – 12.2%; “Coffee and chocolate”: rice milk – 62%, pumpkin fiber – 4.8%, stevia – 4%, cocoa powder – 7%, coffee beans – 8%, coconut oil – 14.2%,  It has been found that the main physicochemical parameters of the vegetarian ice cream depend on the chemical composition of the ice cream mixture and its freezing conditions. Thus, when the fat content increases, the stability of air bubbles increases, but their sizes decrease. The study results make it clear that the increase in the fat amount is good for the ice cream structure and consistency, while the distance between the fat balls decreases, which, in turn, helps to obtain the product with the smaller ice crystals.
The quality characteristics of biscuits made with plantain and purple rice flour as substitutes for wheat flour
Authors: Budaraga I Ketut , Asnurita  , Novera Yolan
Published: February 2023

Biscuits are wheat flour-based manufactured food products. Another option is to locate a flour substitute, such as plantain flour or purple rice. This study aims to establish the ideal ratio of purple rice flour and plantain flour based on the quality attributes of biscuits. This study employed a one-factor, Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatment levels and three replications. The observational data were analysed using ANOVA with the DNMRT further test at a 5% significant level. The treatment in this study compared purple rice flour and plantain flour to prepare biscuits. The ratio of purple rice flour to plantain flour had a very significant (p <0.01) effect on water content (3.56%), ash content (2.11%), fat content (25.18%), crude fiber content (17.85%), protein content (4.72%), and carbohydrate content (61.49%), but no significant effect (p >0.01) on antioxidant activity (55.83%). Except for protein, all treatments meet the SNI's requirements for biscuit quality. Based on the organoleptic test of taste, aroma, texture, and colour preferred by panellist with score of A (90-10) 3.52%, B (80-20) 3.97%, C (70-30) 4.42%, D (60-40) 5.03%, and E (50-50) 5.52% were obtained. The best-quality biscuits were in treatment E. (comparison of purple rice flour and plantain flour 50:50).
Neurogenic Аrthropathy, Сhronic Osteomyelitis, Diabetic Foot: Differential X-Ray and MSCT Diagnostics
Authors: Diachkova G. V. , Sudnitsyn A. S. , Klyushin N. M. , Burtsev A. V. , Diachkov K. A. , Khieva E. V.
Published: February 2023

X-ray and MSCT-differential diagnostics between neurogenic arthropathy, diabetic osteoneuroarthropathy (DONAP), complicated by osteomyelitis and chronic osteomyelitis, has not been studied enough.

The purpose of the study was to study the MSCT semiotics of various variants of neurogenic arthropathy, DONAP complicated by osteomyelitis and chronic post-traumatic osteomyelitis in order to substantiate etiopathogenetic treatment. In 44 patients with neurogenic arthropathy, DONAP, complicated by osteomyelitis and chronic osteomyelitis, the results of polypositional radiography, MSCT were studied before treatment for the purpose of differential diagnosis. Single center retrospective study. MSCT and x-ray revealed differential diagnostics differences between neurogenic arthropathy, DONAP, complicated by osteomyelitis and chronic osteomyelitis. They are manifested by the localization of destructive processes, characteristic changes in the angles of the foot and a violation of the architectonics of the bones, concomitant changes in blood vessels and soft tissues. Neurogenic arthropathy is characterized by disorganization of the joints, bone resorption, giving the impression of surgical amputation, sharpening of the ends of the metatarsal bones, a symptom of «pestle in a mortar», a violation of the structure of spongy bones. DONAP is manifested by pronounced destructive changes in the midfoot, collapse of the tarsal bones with defects, fragmentation, vascular calcifications (Menckeberg), a «pathological» reference line, an increase in the Meary angle, a decrease in the angle of the calcaneus, and a «rocking foot», increased density of the calcaneus. Chronic osteomyelitis is characterized by an isolated lesion of one or more bones; the presence of a fistulous tract, focal disorders of the trabecular pattern, a decrease in the density of adjacent bones, the presence of isolated foci of sclerosis.
Using Intravascular Ultrasound as Experience in a Comorbid Patient of High Surgical Risk
Authors: Shakhov E. B. , Petrova E. B. , Lyamaev A. D. , Chebotar’ E. V. , Shul’ts A. A. , Sharlanov S. P.
Published: February 2023

Intravascular ultrasound examination (ICSI) allows to assess the nature of atherosclerotic plaque, the degree of significance and extent of stenosis, as well as to monitor the position of the stent in the lumen of the coronary artery. Insufficient opening of the stent, unrecognized during angiographic control, can lead to thrombosis or restenosis in the early or long term. The clinical case presented in the publication demonstrates the difference between the results of fluoroscopycontrolled stenting and ICSI-controlled stenting during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a high-risk surgical patient with significant concomitant pathology.
EXAMINING THE REPERCUSSIONS OF EMOTIONAL LABOR AMONG MEDICAL DOCTORS - AN EXPLANATORY SEQUENTIAL MIXED-METHOD DESIGN
Authors:   Bahria Business School, Bahria University, Islamabad, Javed Saman , Batool Noshaba ,   Air University School of Management, Air University, Islamabad, Hassan Saad ,   Air University School of Management, Air University, Islamabad
Published: February 2023

Emotional labor prevails in a variety of fields. However, degree of emotional labor practiced by medical professionals, during the COVID-19 pandemic, is considerably higher. This study adopts an explanatory sequential mixed-method approach, where a survey-based quantitative study was conducted on 406 doctors working across Pakistan; followed by an interview-based qualitative study, conducted on 15 doctors. Quantitative analysis reveals that surface and deep acting both lead to high emotional exhaustion and low well-being, whereas genuine emotions lead to low emotional exhaustion and high well-being. No significant impact of emotional job demands is found on well-being via emotional exhaustion. Results from qualitative study reaffirm that due to high emotional job demands, doctors tend to heavily engage in emotional labor, which leads to emotional exhaustion, and compromises their well-being. The research highlights the contextual nature of emotional labor construct and investigates lesser-explored facets of psychological and physical well-being. The study also adds to the scant mixed-method literature, specifically an explanatory sequential design entailing structural equation modeling and thematic analysis. Keywords: Emotional Job Demands, Emotional Labor, Emotional Exhaustion, Psychological/Eudaimonic Well-being, Physical Well-being, COVID-19.
CONSERVATION CHALLENGES IN PRESERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE OF PAKISTAN: MARYAM ZAMANI MOSQUE; THREATS, AND RISKS
Authors:   School of Architecture and Planning, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan, Mehmood Malik Ayesha , Naz Ar. Farhana ,   Department of Interior Design, Lahore College For Women University, Lahore, Imran Ar. Rimsha ,   Visiting lecturer University of Sargodha
Published: February 2023

Maryam Zamani mosque has its religious significance. This mosque is about 4000 years old. Jahangir built this mosque after his mother and later on Raja Ranjit Singh converted the mosque to a gunpowder factory and then the British returned the mosque to the Muslims. Recently the WCLA (walled city authority) documented and conserved some parts of the mosque. This research aims to study the impacts of the conservation and and restoration works that includes the shrine and ablution parts of the mosque. The methodology adopted for this research is through site surveys, documentation of the conservation report by WCLA. The research findings indicate that the conservation attempt is arguable because conservation of the heritage buildings should be in their original context. Walled city of Lahore authority did a short-term solution of this by filling cracks with plaster, but they did not pay attention to its material and its decoration. Another cause is ignoring this heritage site for decades and the material of this mosque is also outdated. Other than authorities, people should also take responsibility toward heritage buildings. Cultural heritage should be respected because respecting the heritage means respecting the forefather’s efforts. Keywords: Damage mapping, Cracks, Conservation, Lahore, Maryam Zamani, Mosque
GENDER AND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
Authors:   National University of Modern Languages, Karachi, Pakistan, Hassan Saima , Iqbal Aqsa ,   National University of Modern Languages, Karachi, Pakistan
Published: February 2023

Language acquisition is a complex and lengthy process that has many levels and is affected by different variables. A Sociolinguistic approach to Language Acquisition (LA) is one that studies the relationship between social contextual variables. This review paper intends to focus on one of the variables of language acquisition i.e. gender, which is an important factor in First and Second Language Acquisition. A brief overview of research studies and general trends in sociolinguistic gender over time is presented in order to explore relationship of gender and its role in first and second language acquisition. Keywords: Genderlect; Language Acquisition; Language Change/Maintenance; Bilingualism; Multilingualism; Language Variation.
DIFFERENT INTERACTIVE FUNCTIONS OF RESPONSE TOKEN “khě” IN ORDINARY PASHTO CONVERSATION
Authors:   Department of English, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khatoon Salma , Muhammad Sultan ,   Department of English, Hazara University Mansehra, Saleem Amjad ,   Department of English and Applied Linguistics, University of Peshawar
Published: February 2023

Listeners’ participation and active listenership are expressed by using minimal response tokens by listeners. Listeners use different types of response tokens to participate in conversation and to help continue the smooth flow of conversation. This study explores various interactive functions of “khě” (ok) in everyday Pashto conversation by the native speakers of the language. This paper argues that “khě” is a multifunctional token which serves different functions in everyday Pashto conversation. In addition to being used as an acknowledgment token, it marks pre-shift and closure in a conversation. It is also used to make request and express surprise and threat. These functions depend upon the occurrence of response token “khě” in a sequential environment and prosody. Keywords: Pashto conversation, Response tokens, TCUs, Interactive functions, Sequential environment, Prosody
TRANSLATION AND PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF WONG AND LAW EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE SCALE FOR ADOLESCENTS
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Foundation University Islamabad Pakistan, Masood Hina , Akhtar Tanvir ,   Department of Psychology, Foundation University Islamabad Pakistan
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study was to translate, validate, and confirm the psychometric properties of the WLEIS. This scale was developed in 2002 by Wong and Law. The Scale, which has 16 items on the 7-point Likert scale, was used. Initially, a sample of (n = 30) students was used to measure the reliability of the translated instrument. The reliability of this scale was (r =.91) suggested that it would be an appropriate scale to apply with Pakistani adolescents. In addition, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to evaluate the factor structure on a sample of 300 adolescents. According to the confirmatory factor analysis, the translated scale was a valid indicator that can be applied in Pakistan. The validity and reliability of Wong and Law emotional intelligence scale were examined by looking at the Cronbach's alpha value (α), composite reliability (CR) and average variance extracted (AVE). The Cronbach's Alpha value for the four WLEIS components was .88, .89, .80, and .89; the composite reliability, it was .88, .90, .86, and .87; and the AVE, it was .65, .70, .62, and .63, respectively. The Wong & Law Emotional Intelligence Scale has also been proven to be accurate and valid in Pakistan. Key Words: Emotional Intelligence, Reliability, Validity, Adolescents
Depression in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Preliminary results of the cohort study
Authors: Rotaru Lilia , Gavriliuc Olga , Grosu Oxana
Published: February 2023

Depression is one of the most common psychological disorders in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The diagnosis of depression in PD is difficult because many of the physical symptoms associated with depression (e.g., change in sleep) may be due to the disease itself, and sometimes depressive symptoms can be confused with symptoms such as bradykinesia, apathy, or cognitive decline. In this study we assessed depressive symptoms in 102 patients with BP, and the presence of depression was detected in 55% of patients, being more common in patients with higher disease severity.
The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the state of cellular immunity in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with and without relapse
Authors: Tudor Elena , Ghinda Serghei , Gudumac Valentin
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative study of the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the state of cellular immunity, free radical oxidation reactions and antioxidant protection in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with and without relapse. Material and methods. The study was carried out on two groups of patients: the first group basic which included 39 patients with relapsed pulmonary tuberculosis (TBR); 2nd control group 39 patients with non-relapsed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-2 IL-6), CD-3 lymphocyte content, lymphocyte blast transformation response to phytohemagglutinin and tuberculin, NBT-test, AOPP, SOD, and catalase were determined in patients of both groups and healthy people. Results. In patients with tuberculosis with relapses, compared with patients without relapses, complaints of cough and dyspnea were more often presented, a longer duration of hospitalization, late abacillation. In patients with relapses, a pronounced suppression of the functional and specific activity of lymphocytes and neutrophils was noted, which is confirmed by high levels of lipid peroxidation (Advanced Oxidation Protein Products AORP) and low levels of the antioxidant system (SOD and catalase). The high content of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with relapses indicates a higher activity of the inflammatory process in these patients and corresponds to a low blast formation rate for both phytohemagglutinin and tuberculin. Conclusion. Сhanges in the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the state of cellular immunity and the characteristics of reactions of free radical oxidation and antioxidant protection indicate a higher activity of the inflammatory process in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with relapses compared to patients without relapses, which led to a longer duration of hospitalization, late abacillation.
A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF OUR NINE YEARS OF EXPERIENCE WITH ABNORMAL PLACENTATION — RISK FACTORS AND PREGNANCY OUTCOMES
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nadezhda Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria,, Buteva Zornitsa , Stamenov Georgy ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nadezhda Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria,, Totev Tihomir ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Pleven, Bulgaria.
Published: February 2023

Purpose: Placenta previa and morbidly adherent placenta are life-threatening conditions that necessitate close monitoring during pregnancy and can result in increased ante- and intrapartum complications. This study aims to evaluate the frequency of placental disorders in our population, reveal the impact of the known risk factors on maternal morbidity, and study new predisposing conditions and their effects on pregnancy outcomes. Materials and Methods: We performed a single-centered retrospective study in which we analyzed 330 women diagnosed with abnormal placentation—placenta previa and placenta accreta spectrum (PAS). We included all the women that gave birth at Nadezhda Hospital, from March 2013 to August 2021. We processed the data using the chi-square test, Cramer's V test, and cross-section analysis. Results: The frequency of placenta previa in our population is higher than the worldwide reported data. We were unable to demonstrate the connection between previous uterine manipulations (c-section, D&C, operative hysteroscopy, etc.) and the occurrence of higher-grade placenta previa in our population. However, the more surgeries performed, the more complications during pregnancy and delivery occur (antepartum bleeding, increased blood loss, surgical management of postpartum hemorrhage, peripartum hysterectomy). Pregnancies following assisted reproductive techniques (ART) are at a three-times higher risk of placenta previa. Endometriosis determines a greater risk of developing an abnormally adherent placenta. Conclusion: More prospective studies need to be performed to define the exact risk factors for abnormal placentation that affect the Bulgarian population. A better understanding of the condition will lead to better management of higher-risk pregnancies, thus reducing maternal and fetal morbidity.
METHOD FOR CALCULATION OF BROADENING DURING COLD ROLLING OF STRIPS
Authors: PILIPENKO S.
Published: February 2023

The paper considers a method for calculating the magnitude of strip broadening during cold rolling of strips on rolls with a smooth barrel. The main formulas that can be used for this are given, the methodology for conducting the calculation is described. A formula has been proposed for use. To reveal the accuracy of determining the band broadening, experimental and computational studies were carried out. Studies have shown the adequacy of the formula proposed for use. The influence of the roll diameter and the value of the friction coefficient on the calculated value of the broadening determined by various methods is determined. Conclusions are drawn.
ON THE PRACTICE OF FORMING THE TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE OF NOVOPOLOTSK
Authors: SHLEIMOVICH М.
Published: February 2023

The actual topic of the practice of forming a street network and a passenger transport system is touched upon on the example of the city of Novopolotsk. The article explores and analyzes design solutions for the creation and improvement of transport infrastructure. Illustrations include graphic diagrams and drawings borrowed from literary sources and archives of design organizations, independently prepared for publication by the author.
THE EFFECT OF THE PERCENTAGE OF THE ACTIVATOR TYPE
AND THE BALLAST ADDITIVE Al2O3 ON THE SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF DIFFUSION CHROME AND VANADED LAYERS
Authors: DOLGIKH А. , ANDRUKOVICH A. , KOSYAK L. , ANISIMOV V.
Published: February 2023

Protective coatings of various types are increasingly used in modern industry. The study of the operational properties of coatings, which include the surface quality after application, is an urgent task that determines the operational characteristics and the possibility of using machine parts with coatings without additional machining. The surface roughness of the samples with diffusion-applied protective single-component coatings based on chromium and vanadium carbides was investigated and the area of possible operation of the parts was determined. Of practical interest is the study of the influence of technological factors of coating application (changes in the percentage and type of the activator of the saturation process, the percentage of the ballast additive) on the arithmetic mean height of microdimensions.
Assessing customer satisfaction with the retail service quality of Zara Vietnam stores
Authors: Tho PhD. To Anh
Published: February 2023

The goal of this study is to investigate customer satisfaction with the retail service quality at ZARA Vietnam outlets by using the Retail Service Quality Scale (RSQS) on five dimensions such as reliability, physical aspects, problem-solving, personal interaction, and policy. By using Smart PLS 3.2.0 software for a sample of 186 ZARA clients, the results showed that consumer satisfaction with the retail service quality at ZARA stores is fulfilled in physical aspects, reliability, problem-solving, and policy. On the other hand, personal interactions were not appreciated by customers. The findings provide some guidance for foreign fashion brands on how to improve retail service quality in Vietnam.
Adopting digital transformation in small and medium enterprises: An empirical model of Influencing factorsbased on TOE-TAM integrated
Authors: Truong PhD. Nguyen Xuan
Published: February 2023

This study examined relations between factors impacting the adoption of DT of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Vietnam context by mixed method research. The qualitative research was carried out by a group discussion with 11 participants and a cross-sectional survey with 346 valid questionnaires. The results show the relative advantage, perceived benefits of DT, compatibility, security concern, competitive pressure, vendor support, top management support, investment readiness, perceived usefulness, and attitudes toward adoption have impacted the adoption of DT in SMEs in Vietnam. This research contributed to extending the academic framework and examining causal relationships through the adoption of new characteristics from the integrated perspective by TOE with TAM beyond the research models existing. The findings are the basis for the government to propose policies to promote DT and SMEs in the specific environmental context to prepare technological and organizational readiness for successful DT.
A Systematic Literature Review of Online Repurchase Intention of Gold Jewelry
Authors: Heydari Maryam , Khalid Haliyana
Published: February 2023

Purpose - The literature on online repurchase intention of gold jewelry is not only well organized, but also, no research focus on incorporating all previous works about it. The aim of this research will be delivering a systematic review of contributions” associated with online repurchase intention of gold jewelry”.Design/methodology/approach - This study assesses preious works covered in the Web of Science index”.Findings – Based on the aim of this study, it provides a dept literature review analysis (including different measures, methods, geographical scopes,”, etc.), and also delivers an well-organized model of Online repurchase intention. As a result of these categorizations, research gaps in the application of repurchase intention were identified. These gaps can be beneficial for researchers in the academic world as future lines of research.Implications/limitation – Providing a new approach including theoretical and practical studies by concentrating e-servicescape” as a leading factor for the online repurchase intention”. Upcoming research may assess the usefulness of various types of e-servicescape” deeply to confirm whether making a assuring structure of online repurchase intention that is conclusive and overwhelming.Implications - For private sector and governor policymakers, both cooperating chances and collaboration among the beneficiers of the Gold Jewelry ought to be reassessed by considering e-servicescape aspects.Originality/value – Including and analyzing the new aspect of e-servicescape” in the analytical review of online repurchase intention” is the Uniqueness of this research.Paper type Literature review.
The Effect of Self Esteem and Language Anxiety on Learning English as a Foreign Language
Authors: ALGhazo Abeer
Published: February 2023

In the field of a foreign language acquisition, there are many affective factors that play crucial roles on language learning and teaching processes. Foreign language anxiety and learners ‘self- esteem reflect their responses to language learning contexts. So exploring those factors and variables are crucial in learning context. Consequently, this study tries to investigate the extent to what the Jordanian university students are anxious in English language class and their level of self-esteem. Moreover, it tries to investigate if there is any statistically significant correlation between the students’ foreign language anxiety, and self-esteem. A sample of the study consists of 50 EFL students studying at ANU for the academic year 2022. They are chosen purposefully from two classes of English language skills course, Level one with 25 students each. To achieve the purpose of the study, the researcher used these scales as instruments used by the researcher: The Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale adapted from Horwitz et al. (1986) and the Self-Esteem Scale which developed by Rosenberg (1965). The results of the study revealed that the overall degree for the students' anxiety is moderate. Furthermore, the current findings indicated that there isn’t any significant correlation between language anxiety and self-esteem among the learners in EFL classes.
Arqueologia, história e antiguidade próximo-oriental
Authors: Tardeli Ana Beatriz Martins , Bonfá Douglas Cerdeira
Published: February 2023

A proposta aqui é retraçar os caminhos que deram origem à institucionalização das disciplinas ‘Arqueologia’ e ‘História Antiga’ e destacar como suas teorias e metodologias foram se diversificando dependendo do contexto social no qual estavam sendo realizadas e pensadas. Para tanto, é explicitado o período que se configura do século XIX ao XX, quando o Imperialismo e o Nacionalismo estavam em voga e acabaram por fundamentar preceitos e atitudes ante os estudos histórico e arqueológico dos locais ‘subalternizados’, a saber: continentes asiático, africano e latino-americano. Assim, é realizado um estudo de caso voltado para a antiga Mesopotâmia a partir do filme ‘Eternos’, de produção da Marvel Studios, salientando narrativas imperialistas e demonstrando a importância de se analisar documentos/monumentos através de uma chave de leitura crítica, utilizando fontes da Antiguidade.
The Potential of Quantified Surface Data in Understanding the Rural Landscapes of Middle Byzantine Komana
Authors: Tatbul Mustafa Nuri , Erciyas Deniz Burcu
Published: February 2023

The Middle Byzantine period in Anatolia is considered a recovery period after two centuries of instability at the end of the Early Byzantine period. From the late ninth through the twelfth centuries, building small churches became a trend as rural settlements and monastic communities expanded across the countryside. During extensive surveys at Komana, near Tokat in Turkey, a number of churches were identified in rural contexts through scattered architectural fragments, especially brickwork typical of the Middle Byzantine period. These sites were later revisited for intensive collection in an attempt, firstly, to test whether identification of Middle Byzantine churches through qualitative data could be verified and, secondly, to improve our understanding of site types and their extent in the rural landscapes of Middle Byzantine Komana. In this article, the results of the intensive surveys will be discussed in the context of the new trends of the Middle Byzantine period.
Monumental Stone Structure Archaeology in Northwest Saudi Arabia: New Investigations from the Al Ha’it Oasis
Authors: Nassr Ahmed , Elhassan Ahmed , Tueaiman Ali , al-Hajj Mohammed
Published: February 2023

Increased archaeological fieldwork in Saudi Arabia is contributing toward a more precise general idea about ancient Arabia. Moreover, the history of Arabian archaeology demonstrates that major discoveries and advances have been achieved as a result of systematic field enterprises. However, several regions in Saudi Arabia remain unstudied. One such major area is Ha’il in the north. Our intensive desktop-archaeological survey using remote sensing revealed the region’s archaeological richness. Several monumental structures were observed in the al Ha’it oasis. Based on those findings, we conducted an archaeological survey and excavations, resulting in the discovery of eight new archaeological sites. Three major types of funerary stone structures identified in this area include pendants, tumuli, and tower tombs. In addition, we encountered mustatils and kites of the Neolithic and Bronze Age. This article presents the investigations carried out in these new sites and places them within the context of Arabian archaeology.
Arkeolojik Peyzaj-Turizm Etkileşimi Açısından Kentsel Kültürel Mirasın Sürdürülebilirliği: İznik Kenti Örneği
Authors: KAPUCİ Umut , CENGİZ Canan
Published: February 2023

Araştırma alanı olarak seçilen İznik, Marmara Bölgesi'nde İznik Gölü kıyısında Bursa iline bağlı bir ilçedir. Tarihin ilkçağlarından bugüne, farklı dönemlerdeki uygarlıkların kültürlerini yansıtan çok sayıda arkeolojik değerleri ve anıtsal yapıları barındıran kent, kültür ve inanç turizmi açısından zengin bir tarihî dokuya sahiptir. İznik kenti, tarihi sürecindeki dönemlere ait bilgileri içeren yapılar ve kalıntıları aracılığı ile kentsel ve sosyal gelişimini ve değişimini kavramaya yönelik veriler sunan önemli arkeolojik bir yerleşim alanı özelliği taşımaktadır. 2014 yılından itibaren UNESCO Dünya Mirası Geçici Listesi'nde yer alan İznik, Prehistorik dönemlerden itibaren farklı medeniyet ve kültürel yaşam biçimlerine ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Kent doğal ve tarihi değerleri, özgün arkeolojik peyzaj özellikleri, farklı kültür katmanları ile sahip olduğu turizm kaynak değerleri yönüyle korunması gereken bir kültürel miras alanı niteliğindedir. Bu makalede, çok katmanlı yerleşim karakteri gösteren İznik kentinin tarihsel süreçte kent kimliğinin gelişiminde etkili olan arkeolojik peyzaj özellikleri ile anıtsal yapıları incelenerek, turizm ve kültürel mirasın sürdürülebilirliği kapsamındaki sahip olduğu olanaklar ve sorunları ortaya koyulmuştur. Sonuçta, İznik kentinde kültürel miras değerlerinin korunması, yaşatılması ve gelecek kuşaklara aktarılması amacıyla bütünleşik koruma ve planlama yaklaşımı temelinde değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır.
Posicionamiento de la marca UTN desde la percepción de los públicos internos y externos
Authors: Posada Hernández Julián , Acosta Torres Mónica , Loaiza Polo Santiago
Published: February 2023

La marca se ha convertido en uno de los elementos intangibles más importantes de una organización, es así como su correcta construcción y gestión afecta directamente a la percepción de los diferentes públicos.  Para esta investigación se ha tomado como objeto de estudio el sector de educación superior,  específicamente a la Universidad Técnica del Norte, en vista de que es un referente a nivel zona 1 del Ecuador. Este es un estudio mixto de alcance relacional descriptivo en donde en primer lugar  se realizó un análisis cuantitativo a un universo de140428 estudiantes internos y eternos con una muestra probabilística de 778 estudiantes, y se basó  en 5 hipótesis que respondían a los criterios de valor de marca: calidad percibida, asociación de marca y recordación de marca. Posteriormente se profundizó con criterios de expertos en el campo de la marca para determinar la influencia de los signos de identificación institucional con sus públicos, sumado a un trabajo de observación en el campus universitario. Se concluye que los públicos internos al tener un mayor contacto con la institución la perciben como mejor a diferencia de los públicos externos, puesto que existe un nivel de empoderamiento y afinidad con la institución, aún así los públicos externos tienen una muy buena percepción de la institución como un referente de calidad de la región.
Dificultades en la enseñanza - aprendizaje de la estadística y probabilidad: Una perspectiva de estudiantes.
Authors: Alvarez Nevy , Rivadeneira Flores Jaime Oswaldo , Montero Zambrano Sonia Del Pilar
Published: February 2023

La enseñanza de estadística y probabilidad en el bachillerato ecuatoriano se fundamenta en el desarrollo de destrezas enfocadas a la resolución e interpretación de problemas, la misma que actualmente enfrenta dificultades al evidenciar bajos resultados en las evaluaciones al finalizar la educación secundaria. El objetivo de la presente investigación es identificar las dificultades que enfrenta el proceso enseñanza – aprendizaje de la estadística y probabilidad para valorar el estado de la educación secundaria en el cantón Ibarra, provincia de Imbabura – Ecuador. La presente es una investigación cuantitativa de carácter descriptivo - correlacional y de corte transversal; la población estudiada fue de 362 estudiantes mediante una encuesta previamente elaborada. A través de la prueba de hipótesis Chi-cuadrado se encontró que existe relación entre las dificultades cognitivas de aprendizaje y la didáctica aplicada por los docentes (p<0,05); mientras que no existe relación entre la actitud hacia el aprendizaje y la didáctica aplicada por el docente (p>0,05). Se concluye que las dificultades cognitivas de aprendizaje se presentan por la aplicación de métodos y técnicas tradicionales de enseñanza que desencadenan conocimientos superficiales.
Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Yenilikçi Davranış Özellikleri ile Motivasyonel Kararlılık Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: AKSOY Fatma , DURGUN Hanife
Published: February 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışma hemşirelik öğrencilerinin yenilikçi davranış özellikleri ile motivasyonel kararlılık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla planlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı tipte planlanan araştırmanın örneklemini araştırmanın dahil edilme kriterlerine uyan 334 hemşirelik öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Veriler Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Yenilikçi Davranış Ölçeği (YDÖ) ve Motivasyonel Kararlılık Ölçeği ile 10-30 Ekim 2021 tarihleri arasında toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin Yenilikçi Davranış Ölçeği puan ortalamalarının 75.53±16.92, Motivasyonel Kararlılık Ölçeği puan ortalamalarının ise 41.94±9.85 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin akademik başarı algıları ile motivasyonel kararlılık ölçeği puan ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı düzeyde fark bulunurken (p0.05). Ayrıca hemşirelik öğrencilerinin Yenilikçi Davranış Ölçeği puan ortalamaları ile Motivasyonel Kararlılık Ölçeği puan ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel açıdan ileri düzeyde pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır (r=0.683; p
Pakistan-India Relations: A Critical Appraisal of Power Politics
Authors: Independent Research Scholar Fahad Ahmed Misson
Published: February 2023

Pakistan-India relations are mired in power politics making the two countries as rivals with competing identities and interests. By the logic of power politics, the two neighbouring countries survive in a condition of security dilemma and are locked in patterns of enduring rivalry, militarised geopolitics and antagonistic national security paradigms. Despite the enduring rivalry, the India-Pakistan relations are also marked by contexts of cooperation where the two sides have exhibited orderly relations and given way for negotiations. In order to give meaning to this oscillating state-to-state relationship, the present study looks into the variable of threat perception whether it is an objective phenomenon or a subjective phenomenon. To this end, the study aims at demystifying Pakistan-India relations from the lens of Stephen Walt’s Balance of Threat Theory. By bringing up the ideational component of ‘aggressive intentions’ in his model, Walt conceptualises threat perception as a subjective phenomenon, which allows for an emancipatory framework of meaning and action that goes beyond the orthodox and regressive logic of traditional power politics to understand Pakistan-India relations. The present study argues that the state elites of the two countries can dial down their tensions by transforming their will and intentions towards more peaceful behaviours and outcomes.
FOOD HYGIENE KNOWLEDGE AND PREFERENCES OF EATING PLACES AMONG CONSUMERS IN GREATER JAKARTA, INDONESIA
Authors: CEMPAKA LARAS
Published: February 2023

Food safety is a very important issue and needs to get the main attention in the supervision, especially in developing countries including Indonesia. Many of the diseases in circulation are sourced from foods where consumers are less aware of the usual foods being consumed may be unhygienic or unhealthy. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 107 consumers at a urban area, Greater Jakarta, in Indonesia. This paper specifically discusses the preliminary study of food hygiene knowledge and practices. A web-based questionnaire pertaining to knowledge and practices related to personal hygiene (5 items), food handling practices (11 items), food hygiene preferences (6 items), and eating places preferences (8 items). A score of 5 was given to strongly agree and 1 to the strongly disagree. Mean age of consumers was 22 years old (sd 5.96), female (65.42%), mostly undergraduates students. Overall mean knowledge score (personal hygiene 4.23 ± 0.81; food handling practices 3.91 ± 0.87, food hygiene preferences 3.59 ± 0.96, eating places preferences 4.22 ± 0.83). Overall knowledge was significantly associated with age (p=0.040) and level of education (p=0.005). While preferences of eating place was significantly associated with level of education (p=0.001). This study suggested there is positive relationship between food handling practices, food hygiene preferences, eating place preferences among respondents.
GONADOSOMATIC INDEX (GSI) HEPATOSOMATIC INDEX (HSI), CONDITION FACTOR (K) AND LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP (LWR) IN EPINEPHELUS GUAZA INHABITING SUSA COAST, EL-GABAL AL-AKHADAR, LIBYA
Authors: M. Saleh Hana , A. S. Ali Ramadan
Published: February 2023

A total of 207 specimens of Epinephelus guaza (Family: Serranidae) were collected from Catches by long line and spear fishing operating on Susa Coast on the Mediterranean sea , Libya were studied monthly from April 2010 to March 2011. hepatosomatic index (HSI), condition factor (K) and length-weight relationship (LWR) were evaluated. Monthly variations of GSI in both sexes showed the higher values during the period from June to September when HSI values were lower. Based on the values of GSI and HSI, the reproductive cycle of E. guaza is designated into prespawning period (April–May), spawning period (June-September), and posts pawning period (October-November). The correlation coefficient for length weight relationship was 0.99. The value of regression coefficient for both sexes was isometric (b = 2.969). The highest values of condition factors were recorded in summer (K 1.75) and autumn (K 1.63). The data revealed that E. guaza is a seasonal breeder and reproduction took a longer duration of time.
SCREENING OF DIFFERENT ISOLATES OF AZOSPIRILLUMFOR GROWTH AT DIFFERENT SALT (NACL) CONCENTRATIONS
Authors: Taher Amal A.A. , Abubaker Nagah S. A. , El-Komy Hesham M. A.
Published: February 2023

Azospirillum was abundant in the rhizosphere of halophytes collected from El- Thaliga salt marsh near Benghazi, Libya. More than twenty five isolated of Azospirillum were isolated from rhizosphere by enrichement method using DN semisolid medium with or without salt. After several transfer for purification, 13 isolates were screened to select the most efficient strains in a microcosms experiment with wheat. According to the cultural, morphological and biochemical experiments Azospirillum isolated were belonging to A. brasilense and isolated was belonging to A. lipoferum, Azospirillum isolates were screened for growth at different NaCl concentration in liquid DN medium.
ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN WASTEWATER, SOIL AND UPTAKE BY PLANT SPECIES WITH PHYTOREMEDIATION POTENT
Authors: Al hasi Sabah. M. , El-Barasi Yacoub M. , Fawzy Manal , Shaltout Kamal H.
Published: February 2023

The present study was to evaluate the concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cr and Cu) in soils, waste water and different plant organs; define which species and which plant organs exhibit the greatest accumulation and evaluate whether these species could be usefully employed in phytoremediation programs. Al- Marj plain is located in north eastern parts of Libya at the western edge of Al-Akhdar Mountain. Seven locations, distributed in polluted area. Data collected from heavy metal analysis demonstrated that the levels of the recorded metals in waste water were above the standard levels of USEPA, FAO and standard levels of Syrian Standard adopted by National Environmental Quality Standards for municipal and liquid industrial effluents in Libya. Heavy metals concentration in polluted soil samples were decreased in Sequence of: Cu>Cr>Cd. The thirteen species were subjected to suitable analysis to determine their capabilities for heavy metals accumulation as well as the metal allocation was also investigated. The results indicated that Cd could be accumulated in all plant organs (roots, stems and leaves). Generally, roots of some selected plants attained higher Cr and Cu, concentrations than other organs. The bioaccumulation factors of the investigated metals (BAF) increased in the sequence: Cu > Cr>Cd. According to the results Conium mculatum, Juncusrigidus,Uricadioica and Phragmitesaustralis could be used successfully in bio monitoring and phytoremediation programs  for heavy metal contaminated soils.
URBAN PLANNING AND PROBLEMATIC OF PUBLIC SPACES CONSTRUCTION IN THE CITY OF DSCHANG FROM 1960 TO 2014: ANALYSIS OF THE CASE OF GREEN SPACES
Authors: Nimpa Nguemo Christiane Guillaine , Tchekote Hervé , Yemmafouo Aristide
Published: February 2023

After independence, the authorities of the young Cameroonian state had equipped most cities in the country with many documents for planning and management of urban space. This is the case of the city of Dschang in west Cameroon which, inspired by the colonial plans of town planning and development of the city, produced two important development documents respectively in 1963 and 1982. These Planning documents focused on the construction of public space including green spaces, amenity and aesthetics. However, despite the importance of the latter, it was till the creation of the University of Dschang in 1993 and then the influx of students from the year 2000, the city registered more than 50,000 inhabitants in 2010. This led to the emergence of a new urban dynamic with more consideration of green spaces by the actors of city construction. An ecological dynamic which takes into account the perspective of the old city development plans, has helped guide the development of the city. The analysis of Dschang city planning documents, the observation of urban space dynamics (with a remarkable contribution of aerial photographs), interviews with 300 households and resource persons show that the public spaces of the Dschang city are spreading more and more into green spaces. This participates more in increasing the tourist and cultural vocation of the city while building new landscapes.
ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF TEUCRIUM L. (LAMIACEAE) COLLECTED FROM DIFFERENT LOCATIONS IN LIBYA.
Authors: M.Asker Abdelbaset , Hassan Salem A. , Mohammed Baset E.S.
Published: February 2023

A The essential oil was extracted from the dried shoots of plant materials, twelve compounds were identified by Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses revealed that essential oil contains mainly  germacrene B, β-caryophyllene, Limonene, α-pinene, Germacrene D, β-Elemene, α-Copaene, α-Cadinol, Terpinen, Isoborneol, Camphene and Linalool. However, T. zanonii was specified by the presence of all assessed oils, while section Chamaedrys (T.barbeyanum) was characterized by the absence of α-pinene, α-cadinol and Isoborneol. Although, αpinene and α-cadinol were also absent in T.polium subsp. flavovirens, these were detected in the two other forms of T.polium. Contrary, Linalool and Terpinen were detected in the two forms of T.polium and not detect in subspecies. The Terpinen is also undetected in T.brevifolium, T.campanulatum and T.fruticans, which are belonged to section Teucrium.