bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effective Strategies for Combating the Crime of Gambling in Batam City
Authors: Mariani Evi , Rina Rina , Sarmauli Sarmauli , Windarti Maria Titik , Ming David
Published: April 2023

Along with the development of technology has an impact on all aspects of life. Technological developments also have an impact on gambling crimes, one of which is Gelper gambling or an electronic game arena located in Batam City.
Although many gambling places have been closed by the police, until now there are still some spots. Gambling is an activity that is prohibited and regulated in Law no. 303 of the Criminal Code. Gambling is a game of luck or chance. Because in gambling cases, players don't need certain abilities to play. Therefore, if there are players who experience victory it is a factor of luck and not of ability. This study discusses the Criminological Review of gambling in the Batam City Police Legal area. The purpose of this study is to find out what factors are the causes of the spread of gambling on the game arena and what efforts are being made to overcome it. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a sociological juridical approach. With the aim of obtaining accurate information in accordance with the gambling phenomenon that occurs in society in Batam City. And also explained about the laws that apply to players and owners of gambling in Batam City. With the aim of obtaining accurate information in accordance with the gambling phenomenon that occurs in society in Batam City.
Hepatoprotective Effect of Herbal Medicinal Plant Extract against Paracetamol Induced Liver Injury in Rats
Authors: Sharma Pawan , Nakra Vinod , Jain Vidhi , Singh Saluja Manmeet
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the hepatoprotective efficacy of Whole plant extract of Adiantum capillus against Paracetamol induced liver damage in rats. Wistar albino rats were orally fed 500 mg/kg of body weight of Methanolic and Acetonic extract of Adiantum capillus Whole plant, with Silymarin serving as the reference. By restoring functional parameters, physical parameters, biochemical parameters, and decreasing blood enzymes alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin (TBL) in the selected animal, the methanolic and Acetonic extracts exhibited a potent hepatoprotective effect. The plant's chemical composition includes, among others, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, terpenoids, phenolics, and saponins. The overall experimental data suggest that bioactive phytoconstituents, such as flavonoids and alkaloids, present in the Methanolic and Acetonic extracts of Adiantum capillus plant may be responsible for the plant's significant hepatoprotective effect. The results thus support the use of Adiantum capillus plant as a hepatoprotectant.
Toxoplasmose: aspectos biológicos e imunológicos
Authors: Oliveira Mário Cézar de , Coutinho Loyane Bertagnolli ,   Carla Viana Dendasck,   Anísio Francisco Soares,   Cláudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos Dias,   Josué Ribeiro da Silva Nunes
Published: April 2023

T. gondii teve seu primeiro registro feito por Charles Nicolle e Louis Manceaux (1908) em células mononucleares do baço e do fígado de roedores africanos (Ctenodactylus gundi) e simultaneamente por Alfonso Splendore (1908) no Brasil identificando o parasito em tecido de coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Nicolle e Manceaux nomearam o gênero Toxoplasma por apresentar uma forma de arco (grego: toxo, arco; plasma, vida) (KIM e WEISS, 2008). Embora T. gondii apresente uma distribuição mundial, existe apenas uma espécie Toxoplasma gondii descrita no gênero Toxoplasma (DUBEY, 2008). T. gondii causa infecções congênitas e abortos, bem como infecções oportunistas em indivíduos imunocomprometidos (UNNO; KITOH e TAKASHIMA, 2010). Estima-se que aproximadamente 25-30% da população humana mundial esteja infectada por T. gondii (MONTOYA e LIESENFELD, 2004). Contudo, as prevalências variam muito entre países e, muitas vezes, dentro de um determinado país ou entre diferentes comunidades de uma mesma região (PAPPAS et al., 2009). A baixa soroprevalência (10-30%) foi encontrada na América do Norte, sudoeste da Ásia, norte da Europa e nos países em torno do deserto do Saara na África. Prevalências moderadas (30-50%) foram encontradas em países localizados no centro e no sul da Europa e altas prevalências foram encontradas na América Latina e nos países Africanos tropicais (ROBERT-GANGNEUX e DARDÉ, 2012; FLEGR et al., 2014). No Brasil, 50-80% da população adulta é soropositiva para infecção por T. gondii e a transmissão pela água tem sido implicada como uma das maiores causas de infecção nos humanos (BAHIA-OLIVEIRA et al., 2003; DE MOURA et al., 2006).
Guilda trófico de aves em cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale) e mamoeiro (Carica papaya) NA Fazenda Serra Graciosa, distrito de Carumbé, Acorizal – MT
Authors: Nunes Josué Ribeiro da Silva , Gonçalves Bruna Alencar , Moura Nelson Antunes de , Arruda Nasson Delgado de , Cabral Patrick Rodrigues Fleury ,   Carla Viana Dendasck,   Anísio Francisco Soares,   Cláudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos Dias,   Josué Ribeiro da Silva Nunes
Published: April 2023

Um dos mais frágeis ecossistemas Brasileiro é o cerrado, que ocupa áreas do estado de Goiás, Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Bahia, Maranhão, Roraima, Piauí, Pará, e Rondônia e do Distrito federal, ocupando esse bioma cerca de 22% do Território Nacional (NUNES et al 2017; BRASIL 2004). Apesar de sua riqueza em biodiversidade, o Cerrado hoje se encontra muito fragilizado. A rica flora com cerca de seis mil espécies vegetais e fauna com aproximadamente oitocentas espécies, incluindo grande variedade de peixes e outros animais não vem sendo poupados, pelo avanço da agropecuária (Brasil, 2004). Diante da devastação que o Cerrado vem sofrendo muitas espécies especialmente da avifauna, procuram nos pomares formados nas fazendas recursos alimentares, especialmente nas espécies frutíferas introduzidas pelo homem (NUNES et al., 2020a e 2020b). O cajueiro é uma árvore frutífera e pode ser conhecido por diversos nomes populares, acajaíba, acaju, caju-manso, caju banana. Possui altura de 5 a 10m. Ocorre em campos e dunas da costa norte do país nos estados de Piauí e Maranhão; cultivada em quase todos os estados brasileiros. Cresce normalmente em quase todos os solos secos, entretanto dificilmente produz frutos em solos argilosos. Produz anualmente grande quantidade de sementes viáveis, prontamente disseminadas pela fauna. Floresce a partir do mês de junho, até novembro. Os frutos amadurecem nos meses de setembro até janeiro (LORENZI, 2008). O mamoeiro é uma árvore frutífera, a melhor época de seu plantio é no período chuvoso, de origem sul do México, seu período de frutificação ocorre de dezembro a fevereiro, já sua floração se dá de outubro a dezembro. Esta espécie também é comumente visitada pela avifauna que a procura para se alimentar de seus frutos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo, identificar as espécies de aves, que visitaram indivíduos de caju e mamão em uma área de Cerrado.
Ecological and Economic Provision of Recreational Forest Use in the Context of Decentralization: The Prerequisites, Goals, and Requirements of Wartime
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Gultekin Oksana O.
Published: April 2023

It is defined that the factor of the presence of a large number of injured citizens of Ukraine as a result of Russian aggression requires the introduction of additional capacities in the recreational industry to ensure their recovery, in particular by means of psychological rehabilitation. It is revealed that, based on the existing natural and recreational potential of forest biogeocenoses, forestry of Ukraine has significant reserves for the development of recreational infrastructure. It is substantiated that due to the significant impact of recreational activities in forest biogeocenoses on the ecological sustainability of forest ecosystems, it is expedient to develop a system of ecological and economic provision for recreational forest management, taking into account the requirements of wartime and the consequences of deepening decentralization of power and local self-government reform. It is determined that a modern system of ecological and economic provision for recreational forest use should be based on taking into account information and digital, environmental-resource and institutional factors caused by corporatization of the forest sector of the national economy; digital transformation of the system of control over the economic development of forest resources potential; implementation of the basic provisions of international environmental conventions in the domestic practice of forestry. It is proved that an effective system of ecological and economic provision for recreational forest use in wartime conditions can be formed as a result of achieving the main, auxiliary and interim goals of forming a set of recreational and tourism products based on the development of the recreational value of forest biogeocenoses. It is found that in the spectrum of the main goals of ecological and economic provision for recreational forest management, the normalization of the tourist flow is of great importance, taking into account the maximum permissible recreational load on forest biogeocenoses to prevent manifestations of recreational digression. It is substantiated that the development of the infrastructure of recreational forest management and the expansion of the range of recreational services by permanent forest users will make it possible to ensure more efficient commercialization of protected objects that are in the use of forestry entities, thus allowing to increase the level of capitalization of forestry in different natural climatic zones.
Modern Contradictions in the Domestic Electric Power Industry
Authors:   Burshtyn Energy Professional College of Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Danyliuk Mykola O. , Barabaliuk Ruslana S. ,   Burshtyn Energy Professional College of Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Kovalskyi Taras A. ,   Burshtyn Energy Professional College of Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas
Published: April 2023

The article is concerned with studying the current state of the domestic electric power industry and the existing and potential contradictions between stakeholders in the process of its restoration and modernization. Based on the studies of world experience, possible changes are indicated, namely: recovery of the energy system on the basis of decentralization; development of mini-power plants; creation of an energy storage system at existing hydroelectric power plants; development of hybrid projects in the field of renewable energy sources (RES) and the introduction of other generating capacities of «green» energy. The need to amend the Draft Concept of the «green» transition of Ukraine until 2050 to increase the share of electric energy from the nuclear energy sector is substantiated. It is noted that the domestic energy sector will undergo significant changes in the coming decade, but positive changes are possible only with the interaction and beneficial cooperation of all business structures, as well as with the support of their activities by individual territorial communities and public organizations. Attention is focused on a significant number of stakeholders in the electric energy market, some of which have counter interests, which will cause conflicts and contradictions. The article also points out that one of the important ones is the contradiction between the need for a radical energy transition to new technologies and the interests of current raw materials and energy monopolies to maintain the status of traditional energy for as long as possible. As a result of the study, it is determined that the current sector of the domestic electric power industry is characterized by a significant number and versatility of contradictions, which are proposed to be classified on the basis of «sphere of manifestation» into the following: economic; social; market-based, and technological. It is proposed to consider the processes of detection and identification of contradictions as an important prerequisite for a solid foundation in order to ensure a stable, consistent and innovative development of the electric power industry sector of the national economy.
Theoretical Foundations of the Performance of Industrial Enterprises with Consideration of Potential: The Essence, Meaning, Indicators, Approaches to Management
Authors:   Vinnytsia National Technical University, Burennikova Nataliia V. , Yarmolenko Viktor О. ,   -, Burennikov Yuriy Yu. ,   Vinnytsia National Technical University, Shuberanskіy Vitaly Е. ,   Vinnytsia National Technical University
Published: April 2023

The purpose of the article is to update the theoretical and methodological issues regarding the performance of industrial enterprises, taking into consideration their potentials, and to highlight some aspects of improving this performance with the proposed approach to its total assessment, as well as the potentials of enterprises with the help of certain indicators for their effective management with the formulation of appropriate definitions. The disclosure of the essence of the performance of enterprises on the basis of the updated paradigm through the prism of potentials, as well as the identification of suitable approaches to the evaluation of this performance on the basis of its components (which constitutes the scientific novelty of the presented publication), is subordinated to the general logic and structure of the material presented in it. The relevance of questions regarding the performance of various processes (economic, social, environmental, etc.) that take place in enterprises and the potential of which allows to re-explain, evaluate, measure, predict individual parameters of the dynamics of functioning and development of enterprises as complex, purposeful systems, is pointed out. Also pointed out is the appropriateness of approaches to calculating the indicators of the components of performance of activity/process with the use of the potential of enterprises in the context of the paradigm of «knowledge – measurement – evaluation – management» of performance. To assess the management situation regarding the performance of the activity/process, taking into consideration the potential and to determine the effectiveness of management, a model for assessing the components of performance is proposed, taking into account the potential, which is based on the values of changes in the relevant indicators. The algorithm that can be a guiding means for management specialists (experts) during performance management, considering the identified potentials and indicating the role of SEE-management, is outlined
Features of Accounting for Settlements with Virtual Assets (Cryptocurrency) in the Field of e-Commerce: The International and Domestic Experience
Authors:   West Ukrainian National University, Panasyuk Valentyna M. , Halchak Khrystyna R. ,   West Ukrainian National University, Bosyi Volodymyr A. ,   West Ukrainian National University
Published: April 2023

Over the past few years, the term «cryptocurrency» has firmly entered the public consciousness. Virtual assets are gaining popularity because of their main advantages: availability, anonymity, the ability to make quick money, etc. Cryptocurrency is a code in a large book called «blockchain». Owing to the fact that the technology of «blockchain» is inherently similar to an accounting book, the world’s leading scientists are studying the issue of its implementation in the accounting system. This would allow to record each transaction automatically, reduce the cost and increase the speed of transactions. The article discusses the issue of accounting for settlements in the field of e-commerce using speculative assets. The regulatory framework for taxation of transactions with cryptocurrencies in Ukraine is analyzed. Several approaches to accounting for transactions with risky assets in Ukraine are proposed. The results of the study provide a detailed assessment of the situation in the international trade market and the state of development of settlements using cryptocurrencies, highlights the problematic aspects of normative regulation and accounting for transactions with risky assets in Ukraine and over the world. The field of e-commerce includes all transactions carried out via the Internet. This is indeed doing business online, i. e., by means of websites, social networks or mobile applications. The introduction of a method of making payments with cryptocurrency will greatly simplify the processing of transactions. This payment in digital currency is delivered anywhere in the world, regardless of the place of departure without intermediaries. At this, the cost of the transaction, or the payment fee, is much lower than with a regular bank transfer. The cryptocurrency market is currently quite volatile, classifying transactions with digital assets as «high-risk». The introduction of cryptocurrencies as a full-fledged means of payment is impossible without market regulation by financial institutions. Until that happens, commodity prices in cryptocurrency can fluctuate up to 25% compared to the previous day. Trading under such price conditions is impossible. However, a type of cryptocurrency such as «stablecoins» is protected from market fluctuations, since their pricing principle is based on the exchange rate of the real currency. For example, the USDT stablecoin is pegged to the US dollar, so its value changes along with the value of the real currency. In this case, an electronic currency such as USDT can be considered a means of payment and used in e-commerce.
Applying the Non-Parametric Methods for Assessing the Efficiency of Primary Health Care Institutions
Authors:   Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University, Ovcharenko Polina Ye.
Published: April 2023

The medical reform carried out in Ukraine in recent years has led to the emergence of a number of managerial problems faced by the heads of health care institutions. Now they are forced to perform the entire scope of management functions, including the assessment and analysis of performance of the headed institutions. The article poses the problem of inconsistency of the arrays of primary data for assessing and analyzing the efficiency of health care institutions and secondary economic and statistical models of processing these data in order to useful information support regarding the actions of the management of institutions. The structure and content of primary data do not fit any model of further processing due to the non-compliance of the system for collecting arrays of primary data with the key requirements and principles of forming such arrays. The purpose of the article is to identify, on the basis of the calculation experiment, the key problems of domestic approaches to the formation of primary data for the use of non-parametric models for assessing the performance of health care institutions and to develop recommendations for solving these problems. To solve the tasks set, the world experience on the effective application of non-parametric models for evaluating the effectiveness of health care institutions was analyzed, the appropriate factual material was selected and a calculation experiment was carried out to establish a simple causal relationship between the indicators of evaluation of health care institutions, which are components of statistical accounting indicators approved by the State in this sphere. It is found that currently a very large number of indicators are used for evaluation, with excessive use of cost effectiveness indicators, while the statistical relationship of the behavior of indicators against each other is insignificant or absent altogether because the dominant principle of the selection of indicators is statistical availability and regularity of initial data. The main directions of solving the indicated problem are: changing approaches to the formation of primary indicators for the activities of health care institutions in general, necessarily basing not on the simplicity of their calculation, but on the requirements of models of further economic and statistical processing; structuring of the primary information base according to the directions of institutional interaction at the local level and uniform filling with appropriate and adequate assessment indicators by each of the directions.
The Financial-Economic Mechanism of Resolving the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict
Authors:   Kyiv National Economic University named after V. Hetman, Fedirko Nataliia V. , Gamkrelidze Kostiantyn Yu. ,   Kyiv National Economic University named after V. Hetman
Published: April 2023

The purpose of the article is the scientific substantiation of the content and structure of the financial-economic mechanism of resolving the intercountry conflict and the peculiarities of its application in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The research methodology is based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of financial and economic instruments used in Ukraine in the development of the State policy to resolve the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, and their scientific generalization to substantiate the components of the financial and economic mechanism for its implementation. The authors have examined the financial and economic resources of Ukraine in the field of defense and compared them with the capabilities of the Russian Federation, the mechanisms of distribution of expenditures of the State Budget of Ukraine on national defense and public order, the role of budget programs in financing security measures are analyzed. In addition, an analysis of the instruments of economic influence used by Ukraine to limit the capabilities of the Russian Federation, in particular economic sanctions, was carried out. The levers of economic support for Ukraine used by the international community are characterized. The structure of the financial-economic mechanism of resolving the intercountry conflict, which includes certain directions, goals, subjects, objects, instruments and forms of the State influence, is substantiated. It is shown that economic incentives and restrictions have both a direct and indirect impact both on the possibilities of Russia’s military actions and on the possibilities of military counteraction on the part of Ukraine. Blocking the economic activity of the Russian Federation entails a multiplicative restrictive effect for its economy and the federal budget. Such economic restraint reduces the possibility of financial support for hostilities and affects the decline in the standard of living of Russians. Instead, economic assistance to Ukraine stimulates its economy and supports its financial resources both directly and indirectly through the market mechanism.
The Foresight-Innovation Mechanism of Enterprise Management in the Context of Digitalization: The Theoretical Aspects
Authors:   Ukrainian Engineering and Pedagogical Academy, Prokhorova Viktoriia V. , Chobitok Ihor O. ,   Ukrainian Engineering and Pedagogical Academy
Published: April 2023

The purpose of the article is the formation of theoretical aspects of the foresight-innovation mechanism of enterprise management in the context of digitalization. The realities of today set ambitious tasks before domestic enterprises to implement cardinal scientific, technical and socioeconomic development, increase the level of development, create comfortable conditions, as well as form conditions and opportunities for self-realization and disclosure of the talents of each employee. The instruments for achieving these goals are national projects and complexes of planned activities for the formation of a foresight-innovation mechanism for managing enterprises in the context of digitalization. The article forms the theoretical aspects of the foresight-innovation mechanism of enterprise management in the context of digitalization – this is the process of improving or contriving innovative products or services in order to switch to paperless technologies, robotization, the use of artificial intelligence, blockchain, identification technologies and other advanced technologies, which are formed under the influence of the active development of scientific-technological progress and in accordance with changing market challenges focused on satisfaction of consumer needs. These technologies provide increased efficiency and achievement of competitive advantages based on the identification of possible alternatives to the future and on the choice of the most profitable option. The introduction of the foresight-innovation mechanism of enterprise management in the conditions of digitalization should be built in a certain order, since when building a mechanism for each enterprise, it is necessary to take into account its specifics of activities, to develop in detail and implement a strategy in order to organize the process of creating an innovative product and implementing it in the market.
Ứng dụng mô hình ARDL trong phân tích tác động của cơ cấu xuất khẩu tới tăng trưởng kinh tế Việt Nam
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Thu Thủy
Published: April 2023

Ứng dụng mô hình tự hồi quy phân phối trễ (ARDL), nghiên cứu đánh giá tác động của cơ cấu hàng hóa xuất khẩu tới tăng trường kinh tế Việt Nam giai đoạn 2010-2019. Các thước đo cơ cấu hàng hóa xuất khẩu khác nhau đã được sử dụng để có góc nhìn đầy đủ, đa chiều về tác động này. Kết quả nghiên cứu chỉ ra: (i) Trong ngắn hạn, đa dạng hóa mặt hàng xuất khẩu nói chung và đa dạng hóa theo chiều rộng có tác động ngược chiều, trong khi chưa thấy bằng chứng rõ nét về tác động của sự thay đổi thành phần xuất khẩu và đa dạng hóa theo chiều sâu tới tăng trưởng kinh tế. (ii) Trong dài hạn, đa dạng hóa, cả theo chiều rộng và theo chiều sâu cùng thể hiện rõ vai trò động lực với tăng trưởng kinh tế. Nghiên cứu cũng tiếp tục khẳng định vai trò quan trọng của xuất khẩu hàng hóa nói chung với tăng trưởng kinh tế, đồng thời nhấn mạnh sự cần thiết của chuyển dịch cơ cấu hàng hóa xuất khẩu. Từ kết quả trên, một số luận giải và hàm ý đã được đề xuất.
Các yếu tố tác động đến hiệu qủa sử dụng dịch vụ bảo hiểm số: Nghiên cứu điển hình một số đơn vị bảo hiểm nhân thọ tại thị trường Việt Nam
Authors: Trần Thị Thanh Nga , Đặng Thị Thu Thảo
Published: April 2023

Mục tiêu nghiên cứu nhằm xác định các yếu tố: công nghệ, tổ chức, môi trường tác động đến hiệu quả sử dụng dịch vụ bảo hiểm số (Insurtech) tại Việt Nam. Nghiên cứu sử dụng mô hình cấu trúc tuyến tính theo phương pháp PLS-SEM, dựa trên 200 mẫu phân tích tại 8 doanh nghiệp bảo hiểm nhân thọ Việt Nam. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, yếu tố công nghệ (quy trình số hóa, an toàn dữ liệu và bảo mật thông tin, chiến lược chuyển đổi số); tổ chức (nhân lực doanh nghiệp); môi trường (nhu cầu khách hàng, đại dịch Covid 19) ảnh hưởng đến khả năng thích ứng công nghệ. Đồng thời, yếu tố khả năng thích ứng công nghệ của các doanh nghiệp bảo hiểm có ảnh hưởng quan trọng đến hiệu quả sử dụng dịch vụ bảo hiểm số.
A Review on Various Secretion Systems: A Versatile Molecular Weapon for Bacterial Pathogenesis, Special Reference to Type 7 Secretion System (T7SS) in Multi Drug Resistance Staphylococcus aureus.
Authors:   PhD Scholar, All india institute of medical sciences, Rishikesh, Kumar Ankur , Kothari Ashish ,   PhD Scholar, All india institute of medical sciences, Rishikesh, Kumar Prashant ,   PhD Scholar, All india institute of medical sciences, Rishikesh, Pai Manju ,   Scientist, All india institute of medical sciences, Rishikesh, Mohan Kriti ,   Associate Professor, All india institute of medical sciences, Gorakhpur, Ji Omar Balram ,   Department of Microbiology, All india institute of medical sciences, Rishikesh
Published: April 2023

S. aureus pathogens utilize multiple methods to invade mammalian hosts, damage tissue sites, and baffle the immune system from responding. Secretion of proteins across phospholipid membranes are one of the essential strategy components in these strategies for many bacterial pathogens. Secreted proteins play many roles in promoting bacterial virulence, from enhancing attachment to eukaryotic cells, to scavenging resources in an environmental niche, to directly intoxicating target cells and disrupting their functions. Many pathogens use dedicated protein secretion systems to secrete virulence factors from the cytosol of the host environment or bacteria into host cells. In general, bacterial protein secretion apparatuses are classified into classes, based on their structures, functions, and specificity. Some systems are conserved in all classes of bacteria and secrete a broad array of substrates, while others are only found in a small number of bacterial species and/or are specific to only one or a few proteins. In this chapter, we review the canonical features of several common bacterial protein secretion systems, as well as their roles in promoting the virulence of bacterial pathogens and immune-pathogenesis. Additionally, we address recent findings that indicate that the innate immune system of the host can detect and respond to the presence of protein secretion systems during mammalian infection.
Advances in the Diagnosis of HIV-Associated Tuberculosis
Authors: Gupta-Wright Ankur , Lawn Stephen D.
Published: April 2023

HIV-associated tuberculosis (HIV-TB) remains a global public health challenge, with the major burden being borne by countries in low-resource settings. If World Health Organization targets to reduce TB deaths by 95% and new cases by 90% are to be met by 2035, major improvements in diagnostic strategies are among the most pressing needs. HIV coinfection presents particular challenges in the diagnosis of TB due, for example, to the relatively low mycobacterial burden in sputum specimens and rapid dissemination beyond the lungs. Low and middle-income countries still typically rely on traditional diagnostics such as chest radiology and sputum microscopy, which lack sufficient accuracy. Desired characteristics for an HIV-TB diagnostic test are well described and include the ability to test a wide variety of clinical samples, diagnose extra-pulmonary TB, have good accuracy to detect low mycobacterial burden disease, and be deployable at the peripheries of healthcare systems. Following a long period of under-investment in TB research, development of TB diagnostics has progressed rapidly over the past decade and the technology landscape looks much more promising. This article will summarise advances in diagnostics that are particularly relevant to HIV-TB. The Xpert® MTB/RIF and Determine™ TB LAM assays have the most evidence assessing their use in HIV-TB. In addition to nucleic-acid amplification tests and antigen detection we will review new diagnostic technologies. Finally, we discuss whether use of empirical TB treatment offsets the potential impact and reduces the need for new diagnostics.
Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Application Rate on Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Phenology, Yield and Soil Nutrient Status
Authors: Murtaza Ghulam , Sheryar Ali , Hayat Hafiz Saqib , Bukhari Anum , Shaheryar Muhammad , Ghaffor Kamran , Shah Muhammad Nadeem , Mehran Muhammad , Akram Hafiz Muhammad Bilawal
Published: April 2023

Purpose: Over and under dose application and of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) leads to inferior growth and yield reduction in field crops. Different nutrients have synergetic and antagonistic effects according to soil properties, climate, crop type and management practices at the same time. Research Methods: In this field study, we tried to explore the combined effect of N and P on peanut phenology, yield and soil N and P status. Three N (N1=20, N2=40, N3=60 kg ha-1) and three P (P1=60, P2=80, P3=100kg ha-1) application rates were applied in a split-plot complete randomized design in 2016 and 2017 growing seasons of peanut, while after harvesting of peanut field was fallow. Findings: Our results demonstrated that combined or individual application of N and P not affected phenophases of peanuts (germination, flowering and pegging) except physiological maturity, and a low rate of N application increased maturity duration time in peanut. While pod production in low N doses was more as compared to high dose application of N and P, except N3P2 in both years, a greater number of pods attained less grain weight and lower yield. Concurrently, a higher dose of N and P individually produced higher yield (2614, 2647 in N3, 2549, 2527 kg ha-1 in N2) and lower yield was quantified 2216 and 2205 in N1 in both years (2016-2017) respectively. Similarly, 2658, 2647, and 2496, 2507 kg ha-1 were weighted in P3 and P2 respectively. But their combined effect was non-significant (P0.05). In the case of soil total N and available P, N increment doubled (~0.8 g kg-1) as compared to initial N status regardless of N application rate but P had no effect on available P contents in upper soil (0-15 cm) surface. So, peanut cultivation can be a promising strategy for N increment in a semi-arid area of Pakistan. Limitations: Due to the limited availability of funds, we analyzed areas of topsoil (0-15). It will be better to do soil analysis in depth for further studies. These findings are valuable for researchers, farmers, and regional agriculture departments, because alternation in nitrogen rate application didn’t change the soil N level with the combination of phosphorus in peanut. So, Findings suggested that low N application was enough for peanut cultivation. Nitrogen and phosphorus have a significant effect on the growth and yield of peanuts. Peanut crop needs the half amount of nitrogen than phosphorus because it is a leguminous crop and has nitrogen factories in the root nodules.
Perbandingan Kualitas Minyak Atsiri Gagang Cengkeh Basah dan Kering (Eugenia aromaticum) dengan Metode Destilasi Uap Air
Authors: Nahrowi Fauzan , Handayani Catur Budi , Asmoro Novian Wely
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of essential oils from wet clove handles and dry clove handles. The experimental design in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 treatments, namely wet handle and dry handle with 3 replications in each treatment. The results of this study showed that there was a significantly different interaction (p<0.05) including, water content, yield, refractive index, eugenol content between wet and dry clove handle treatments and the interaction did not have a significantly different interaction (p>0.05) including weight types between wet and dry clove handle treatment with moisture content value of wet clove handle 63.67% and dry clove handle moisture content 12.96%, essential oil yield value of wet clove handle 0.16% and essential oil yield of dry clove handle 0, 39%, the value of the specific gravity of wet clove handle essential oil 1044.22 g/ml and the dry clove handle essential oil value of 1042.22 g/ml, the value of the refractive index of the wet clove handle essential oil 1.471 and the refractive index of the dry clove handle essential oil 1.473, the value of eugenol content of wet clove handle essential oil 95.56% and dry clove handle essential oil 94.73%. The best essential oil treatment was found in the wet clove handle treatment with a value of 95.56% eugenol content.Keywords: clove handle, chemical characteristics, essential oil
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, PHYSICAL QUALITY, AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF WATERMELON ALBEDO (Citrullus lanatus) ICE CREAM WITH HONEY
Authors: Mahmudah Nur Aini , Hariyanti Asih Putri , Luthfiya Lulu’ , Sari Fitri Komala
Published: April 2023

Antioxidant are nutritional and non-nutritional substances within in food preventing or slowering oxidative damage in the body. Antioxidant can be obtained by consuming healthy foods, fruits, and vegetables. Watermelon’s albedo and honey are both containing antioxidant which have the opportunity to be developed into products such as ice cream. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity, physical quality, and sensory properties of watermelon albedo ice cream with the addition of honey. This research was conducted experimentally by a completely randomized design (CRD), with four treatment levels. The ratio of watermelon albedo and honey were 30%:0%, 30%:10%, 20%:20%, and 10%:30%. Analysis carried out were antioxidant activity, physical quality (overrun, melting speed, and total solids), and sensory properties (color, aroma, taste, and texture). There was no significant difference in antioxidant activity of all ice cream samples (F0, F1, F2 and F3). The physical quality analysis resulted there were significant differences in melting speed and total solids parameters. The organoleptic quality test resulted that panelist preferred ice cream without the addition of watermelon albedo and honey.
Olfactory ensheathing cells and neuropathic pain
Authors: Liu Ji-peng , Wang Jia-ling , Hu Bai-er , Zou Fei-long , Wu Chang-lei , Shen Jie , Zhang Wen-jun
Published: April 2023

Damage to the nervous system can lead to functional impairment, including sensory and motor functions. Importantly, neuropathic pain (NPP) can be induced after nerve injury, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Therefore, the repair of nerve damage and the treatment of pain are particularly important. However, the current treatment of NPP is very weak, which promotes researchers to find new methods and directions for treatment. Recently, cell transplantation technology has received great attention and has become a hot spot for the treatment of nerve injury and pain. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are a kind of glial cells with the characteristics of lifelong survival in the nervous system and continuous division and renewal. They also secrete a variety of neurotrophic factors, bridge the fibers at both ends of the injured nerve, change the local injury microenvironment, and promote axon regeneration and other biological functions. Different studies have revealed that the transplantation of OECs can repair damaged nerves and exert analgesic effect. Some progress has been made in the effect of OECs transplantation in inhibiting NPP. Therefore, in this paper, we provided a comprehensive overview of the biology of OECs, described the possible pathogenesis of NPP. Moreover, we discussed on the therapeutic effect of OECs transplantation on central nervous system injury and NPP, and prospected some possible problems of OECs transplantation as pain treatment. To provide some valuable information for the treatment of pain by OECs transplantation in the future.
Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of the Late Jurassic A-type granite in central Inner Mongolia, North China
Authors: Wang Shuai , Li Yingjie , Jin Song , Dong Peipei , Zhang Xiawei , Zhao Dongfang , Kong Xingrui , Liu Pengyu
Published: April 2023

Lying along the south of Mongol–Okhotsk Suture Belt (MOSB) in Horqin Right Middle Banner of Inner Mongolia, the Chuhuertu granite is exposed in the Duerji tectonic melange. Based on systematic field geological characteristics, petrology, geochemistry, and zircon U-Pb chronology, we determined the petrogenesis of pluton and the tectonic setting, and provide evidence for the dominant factors of granite magmatism of the study area. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating showed an age of 155.6 ± 1.6 Ma, indicating that the formation age of the Chuhuertu granite is Late Jurassic. The granite is geochemically characterized by high SiO2 (73.04–76.01 wt.%) and alkali (Na2O + K2O = 7.81–9.50 wt.%) but low CaO (0.20–0.98 wt.%) and MgO (0.10–0.22 wt.%). The granite has obvious negative Eu anomaly (Eu = 0.30–0.75), relative enrichment of Rb, Th, U, K, and Ga, depletion of Ba, Sr, P, and Ti, as well as high 10000Ga/Al (2.52–2.90), and TFeO/MgO (5.76–14.90). The differentiation index (DI) of the samples is 92.05–96.36. The petrological, mineralogical, and geochemical characteristics of the granite show the characteristics of highly differentiated A-type granite. In accordance with the region, Mesozoic A-type granites have positive correlation εNd(t) values, which suggest that the granite may have formed through partial melting of intermediate basic crust in neoaccretion under low pressure and high temperature, and subsequent crystallization differentiation. Therefore, Chuhuertu granite is the product of extension of the closure of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean (MOO), and, together with other A-type granites distributed in mid-eastern Inner Mongolia, indicates extensive middle and lower crust extension in the Late Jurassic.
Gut microbiota and oleoylethanolamide in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis
Authors: De Filippo Carlotta , Costa Alessia , Becagli Maria Vittoria , Monroy Mariela Mejia , Provensi Gustavo , Passani Maria Beatrice
Published: April 2023

A vast literature strongly suggests that the endocannabinoid (eCB) system and related bioactive lipids (the paracannabinoid system) contribute to numerous physiological processes and are involved in pathological conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and intestinal inflammation. The gut paracannabinoid system exerts a prominent role in gut physiology as it affects motility, permeability, and inflammatory responses. Another important player in the regulation of host metabolism is the intestinal microbiota, as microorganisms are indispensable to protect the intestine against exogenous pathogens and potentially harmful resident microorganisms. In turn, the composition of the microbiota is regulated by intestinal immune responses. The intestinal microbial community plays a fundamental role in the development of the innate immune system and is essential in shaping adaptive immunity. The active interplay between microbiota and paracannabinoids is beginning to appear as potent regulatory system of the gastrointestinal homeostasis. In this context, oleoylethanolamide (OEA), a key component of the physiological systems involved in the regulation of dietary fat consumption, energy homeostasis, intestinal motility, and a key factor in modulating eating behavior, is a less studied lipid mediator. In the small intestine namely duodenum and jejunum, levels of OEA change according to the nutrient status as they decrease during food deprivation and increase upon refeeding. Recently, we and others showed that OEA treatment in rodents protects against inflammatory events and changes the intestinal microbiota composition. In this review, we briefly define the role of OEA and of the gut microbiota in intestinal homeostasis and recapitulate recent findings suggesting an interplay between OEA and the intestinal microorganisms.
A Wasserstein-based distributionally robust neural network for non-intrusive load monitoring
Authors: Zhang Qing , Yan Yi , Kong Fannie , Chen Shifei , Yang Linfeng
Published: April 2023

Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is a technique that uses electrical data analysis to disaggregate the total energy consumption of a building or home into the energy consumption of individual appliances. To address the data uncertainty problem in non-intrusive load monitoring, this paper constructs an ambiguity set to improve the robustness of the model based on the distributionally robust optimization (DRO) framework using the Wasserstein metric. Also, for the hard-to-solve semi-infinite programming problem, a novel and computationally efficient upper-layer approximation is used to transform it into an easily solvable regularization problem. Two different data feature extraction methods are used on two open-source datasets, and the experimental results show that the proposed model has good robustness and performs better in identifying devices with large fluctuations. The improvement is about 6% compared to that of the convolutional neural network model without the addition of distributionally robust optimization. The proposed method supports transfer learning and can be added to the neural network in the form of a single-layer net, avoiding unnecessary training times, while ensuring accuracy.
Vegetation impacts ditch methane emissions from boreal forestry-drained peatlands—Moss-free ditches have an order-of-magnitude higher emissions than moss-covered ditches
Authors: Rissanen Antti J. , Ojanen Paavo , Stenberg Leena , Larmola Tuula , Anttila Jani , Tuominen Sakari , Minkkinen Kari , Koskinen Markku , Mäkipää Raisa
Published: April 2023

Ditches of forestry-drained peatlands are an important source of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere. These CH4 emissions are currently estimated using the IPCC Tier 1 emission factor (21.7 g CH4 m−2 y−1), which is based on a limited number of observations (11 study sites) and does not take into account that the emissions are affected by the condition and age of the ditches. Furthermore, the total area of different kinds of ditches remains insufficiently estimated. To construct more advanced ditch CH4 emission factors for Finland, we measured CH4 emissions in ditches of 3 forestry-drained peatland areas (manual chamber technique) and amended this dataset with previously measured unpublished and published data from 18 study areas. In a predetermined 2-type ditch classification scheme, the mean CH4 emissions (±standard error) were 2.6 ± 0.8 g CH4 m−2 y−1 and 20.6 ± 7.0 g CH4 m-2 y−1 in moss-covered and moss-free ditches, respectively. In a more detailed 4-type classification scheme, the yearly emissions were 0.6 ± 0.3, 3.8 ± 1.1, 8.8 ± 3.2, and 25.1 ± 9.7 g CH4 m−2 y−1 in Sphagnum-covered, Sphagnum- and vascular plant—covered, moss-free and vascular plant-covered, and plant - free ditches, respectively. Hence, we found that Tier 1 emission factor may overestimate ditch CH4 emissions through overestimation of the emissions of moss-covered ditches, irrespective of whether they harbor potentially CH4 conducing vascular plants. Based on the areal estimates and the CH4 emission factors for moss-covered and moss-free ditches, CH4 emissions of ditches of forestry-drained peatlands in Finland were 8,600 t a−1, which is 63% lower than the current greenhouse gas inventory estimates for ditch CH4 emissions (23,200 t a−1). We suggest that the Tier 1 emission factor should be replaced with more advanced emission factors in the estimation of ditch CH4 emissions of boreal forestry-drained peatlands also in other countries than in Finland. Furthermore, our results suggest that the current practice in Finland to minimize ditch-network maintenance by ditch cleaning will likely decrease CH4 emissions from ditches, since old moss-covered ditches have very low emissions.
Greenhouse gas emissions and Green Deal in the European Union
Authors: Mogoș Radu Ioan , Petrescu Irina , Chiotan Radu Alexandru , Crețu Romeo Cătălin , Troacă Victor Adrian , Mogoș Paula Liliana
Published: April 2023

Greenhouse gas emissions (GE) represent an element that influences the lives of all people on the planet. This action must be controlled and prevented because the negative effects are starting to appear more and more in everyday life, sometimes with devastating consequences from a climate point of view and not only for the inhabitants of certain regions. At the European level, one of the main measures taken was the implementation of the Green Deal as a response to the fight against GE. The purpose of this article is to offer a description of the main elements that are influencing the GE, as well as the role of the Green Deal. It also aims to identify the characteristics of the EU countries from the GE point of view before and after the Green Deal was proposed. In this regard two more cluster analyses are also carried out regarding GE at the European level. One analysis concerns the identification and evolution of the main groups of countries from this point of view for years 2018 and 2020. The second analysis concerns the main fields in the industry for year 2020. The used methodology was DM-CRISP. In the final part of the article the obtained results are analyzed, a discussion is added based on them and also a conclusion section.