bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONSUMO ALIMENTAR E ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE MULHERES COM CÂNCER DE MAMA EM TRATAMENTO QUIMIOTERÁPICO
Authors: de Moraes Pereira Isabela , da Silva Pardim Isabella , Cristina Genaro Sandra
Published: December 2020

The objective of this study was to analyze the food intake and nutritional status of women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. The sample consisted of 14 women, over 19 years old, survivors of breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy treatment at the Prudentino Center of Oncology, in the city of Presidente Prudente, SP. Of these, 64.3% were overweight; 71.43% had deficient intake of vitamin A, vitamin E (78.57%) and 71% had inadequate fiber intake. Consumption of 24 ± 9.6 kcal / kg / P and 0.7 ± 0.4 g / kg of protein was observed. It is concluded that food intake is below adequate and overweight is still prevalent in this group of women. It is extremely important to develop strategies for dietary reeducation, emphasizing the importance of healthy and balanced diet for the prevention and treatment of diseases, including breast cancer, aiming at improving nutritional status, maintaining healthy weight, thus contributing to a good prognosis.
Assessment of the Impact of Income Inequality on Population’s Migration
Authors: Laskienė Daiva , Zykiene Ineta , Verdnikovaitė Paulina
Published: December 2020

. Income inequality and population’s migration are economic processes ongoing in every country, but their scales are different. Although both phenomena – income inequality and population’s migration – earn sufficient scientific attention, scientific literature is still lacking comprehensive studies on interdependence between them. This research is aimed at the assessment of the impact of income inequality on population’s migration. This article highlights how significant it is to assess the impact of income inequality on population’s migration, and reviews the issues of income inequality and population’s migration previously analysed in scientific studies. The research is based on the methodology developed for the EU Member States. The paper provides original perspective as the EU Member States are divided into six groups by their income inequality and net migration rates and the impact of income inequality on population’s migration is researched in particular groups of the current EU Member States by applying the methods of correlation and regression analysis. The results of the research indicate that the impact of income inequality on population’s migration differs within and between the EU Member State groups. Research results revealed that, income inequality has a more significant impact on population’s immigration than on emigration in all EU Member State groups. Income inequality causes population’s emigration only in the states with medium income inequality rates. The paper contributes to the scientific literature of regional development as the quantitative analysis of the interconnection between income inequality and population’s migration is scarce.
Aktuelle Herausforderungen der Arbeitsmarktintegration von Geflüchteten in Sachsen-Anhalt. Erfahrungen von Haupt- und Ehrenamtlichen in heterogenen Akteursnetzwerken
Authors: Apfelbaum Birgit , Apitz Stefan , Radom Robin
Published: December 2020

Zur Förderung der Arbeitsmarktintegration von Geflüchteten bedarf es auch im Bundesland Sachsen-Anhalt eines komplexen Zusammenspiels heterogener Akteursgruppen. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Wahrnehmung der Zusammenarbeit von Integrationsakteuren aus Sicht der Akteure selbst und identifiziert aktuelle Herausforderungen beim Arbeitsmarktzugang Geflüchteter. Generell wird die Zusammenarbeit als gut eingeschätzt, in der Kooperation von Haupt- und Ehrenamtlichen besteht noch Optimierungspotenzial. Als ein möglicher Ansatz zur Stärkung von Akteursnetzwerken und der Förderung des Kompetenzaufbaus wird ein im Rahmen eines Hochschulprojektes entwickelter Praxisansatz zur Diskussion gestellt. Ziel ist die Verbesserung der Kooperationsfähigkeit aller Akteure durch Schaffung eines regelmäßigen Forums für wechselseitigen Wissens- und Erfahrungsaustausch mit Stakeholdern.
Overview on the Side Effects of Doxorubicin
Authors: Ajaykumar Chittipolu
Published: December 2020

Doxorubicin is an anthracycline antibiotic extracted from the bacterium Streptomyces peucetius. Its cytotoxic effect produced by intercalating with DNA causing breakdown of DNA strand which causes cancer cell apoptosis. Despite being an effective anticancer agent it causes several crucial side effects like carditoxicity, neuropathy, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, alopecia, typhlitis, myelosuppression, neutropenia, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, nausea, and diarrhoea were caused mainly due to the inability to distinguish between cancer cells and normal cells. This chapter mainly focuses on doxorubicin’s side effects, current understanding of the molecular mechanisms, and management and preventive strategies of doxorubicin’s cardiotoxicity during the treatment of various type of cancer.
People in the News
Authors: Galloway Ann-Christe
Published: December 2020

Faye A. Chadwell
Grain chemical composition of dents, popping maize and sweet maize genotypes
Authors: Radosavljević Milica , Milašinović-Šeremešić Marija , Terzić Dušanka , Jovanović Života , Srdić Jelena , Nikolić Valentina
Published: December 2020

Maize is one of the most important field crops both in the world and in our country. All commercially grown maize hybrids can be classified into one of five elementary types: dent, flint, floury, popping and sweet maize. The objectives of this study were to characterize the grain chemical compositions of yellow-seeded and white-seeded maize dents, popping maize and sweet maize genotypes. The results show that grains contents of starch, protein, oil, crude fibre, and ash of four selected maize genotypes ranged in the intervals: 53.54-68.13%; 9.19-13.00%; 4.35-5.39%; 2.13-3.93% and 1.28-2.85%, respectively. The amylose to amylopectin ratio varied from 21:79 to 28:72, which is a principal property of normal maize starch. The content of lignocellulosic fibres: NDF, ADF, ADL, hemicellulose and cellulose ranged from 11.31-15.27%; 2.51-3.54%, 0.24-0.52%, 8.10-12.68% and 2.14-3.02%, respectively. The solubility index of albumin, globulin, zein and glutelin ranged from 9.46-29.42%, 5.64-13.13%, 21.11-28.10% and 18.81-23.69%, respectively
Lymphoma 101: The Plot Thickens
Authors: Gordon Leo I.
Published: December 2020

Staging in lymphoma has changed significantly over time, from the Ann Arbor criteria (1971) to the Cotswolds criteria (1989) to the Lugano Classification (2011). The evolution of imaging technology has played a major role in these changes, and PET/CT is now standard for certain lymphomas, whereas chest radiographs are no longer routine. More recently, response criteria have been refined to account for possible flare reactions of immunomodulatory therapy with a provisional term called “indeterminate response.” The latest RECIL criteria use single-dimension measurements to assess response to therapy in patients with lymphoma. Finally, clinical data can be represented graphically in many ways, including the Kaplan-Meir plot, forest plot, waterfall plot, and swimmers plot. Each representation has its own strengths and limitations.
Controversies in the Management of Early-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Advani Ranjana H.
Published: December 2020

Early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma is a highly curable malignancy, but controversies surrounding treatment recommendations persist due to the sheer number of treatment choices available, as well as the effort to balance risk versus benefit for each individual patient. The gold standard for treatment has evolved over the years. Currently, in the PET era, fine-tuning therapy approaches is largely focused on avoiding giving too much therapy to patients with a negative interim PET and too little therapy to those with a positive interim PET. Careful patient selection for therapy has become increasingly important, as patient risk factors for early-stage disease are variably defined by German Hodgkin Study Group, EORTC, and NCCN criteria.
Børneværnet på museum
Authors: Egholk Kirsten
Published: December 2020

Den 7. februar 2020 åbnede det nye Københavns Museum i Stormgade 18. Fra 1937 til 1965 husede bygningen Københavns Kommunes Børne- og Ungdomsværn, som førte tilsyn med børn og traf afgørelser om anbringelse af børn under 18 udenfor hjemmet på grund af barnets eller hjemmets forhold. Museet ønskede at formidle denne historie i de nye udstillinger og inviterede tidligere anbragte københavnske børn til at deltage med deres fortælling. Artiklen reflekterer over etnologiske kvalitative metoder i forbindelse med indsamling af en kompleks velfærdshistorie med fokus på de tidligere anbragte børns historier og museologiske udfordringer ved forskellige formidlingsformer som udstillingsmediet, en interaktiv installation og et dilemmaspil.
Centros especiales de empleo de Euskadi. El modelo vasco de inclusión sociolaboral
Authors: Echebarria Rubio Ane
Published: December 2020

El empleo se ha convertido en uno de los principales instrumentos de inclusión social de las personas con discapacidad. La inclusión laboral supone el derecho a trabajar en igualdad de condiciones con las demás personas, en un entorno abierto, accesible e inclusivo, y mediante un trabajo libremente elegido. Los Centros Especiales de Empleo de Euskadi, que conforman el llamado Modelo Vasco de Inclusión Sociolaboral, llevan años trabajando con el objetivo de crear empleo de calidad para las personas con más necesidades de apoyo y facilitar el tránsito al mercado de empleo ordinario para el colectivo. En el presente estudio, se han analizado las cualidades de los centros especiales de empleo para el desarrollo profesional y personal de las personas con discapacidad, poniendo una especial atención en el funcionamiento y características de las entidades pertenecientes al llamado Modelo Vasco de Inclusión Sociolaboral.
The variational iteration method for the soliton solution of nonlinear generalized Landau-Ginzburg-Higgs equation
Authors: Mo Jia-Qi  , Zhang Wei-Jiang  , He Ming  ,   (1)安徽师范大学数学系，芜湖 241000; (2)上海交通大学数学系，上海 200240
Published: December 2020

Using the perturbation method, a class of nonlinear generalized Landau-Ginzburg-Higgs equations are studied. Firstly, by introducing a varitational iteration, the Lagrange multiplicator is accounted for. Then the iteration of the solution for original equation is constructed and the approximate solution is obtained.
Influence of nonlinear coupling on quantum decay rate of metastable dissipative systems
Authors: Bi Lei  , Bao Jing-Dong  ,   北京师范大学物理系，北京 100875
Published: December 2020

We develop the fast-Fourier-transformation path-integral approach to investigate the quantum decay of a nonlinear dissipative system. The action of the bounce trajectory, i.e. the exponential factor of decay rate, is obtained. In the case of the nonlinear coupling f(x)=tanh［λ(x-xb)］ between the system and its environment, we find that the nonlinear coupling suppresses the decay rate. In contrast to the usual linear coupling, the action will not abide by the law SB=a［1-b(T/Tc)2］ and the crossover temperature rebounds, which means that the system steps into the quantum tunneling region at a higher temperature.
A new method for studying the average mutual information of binary symmetric discrete channel
Authors: Xiao Hai-Lin  , Nie Zai-Ping  ,   电子科技大学电子工程学院,成都 610054
Published: December 2020

We use the synergetics to study how to allocate input probability in the binary symmetric discrete channel in order to maximize average mutual information for memoryless and memory channels with interference. We obtained the result that for the memoryless channel, the maximal average mutual information is in accordance with that the equivalent input probability can give according to the information theory. Moreover, we also studied the binary discrete memory channel with interference (noise), taking into account the input and output symbols having different memory degree and interference factor, and finally obtained the symbol optimized input probability. This a new method for studying information theory is presented.
Adaptive neural Legendre orthogonal polynomial nonlinear channel equalization for chaos-based communications systems
Authors: Zhao Hai-Quan  , Zhang Jia-Shu  , Zeng Xiang-Ping  ,   (1)成都信息工程学院电子实验中心,成都 610225; (2)西南交通大学信号与信息处理四川省重点实验室，成都 610031; (3)西南交通大学信号与信息处理四川省重点实验室，成都 610031；成都信息工程学院电子工程系,成都 610225
Published: December 2020

The performance of chaos-based communications systems is greatly affected by many sorts of nonlinear distortions. If nonlinear distortions in the channel can be removed, the performance of chaos-based communications systems can be improved. According to analysis of Volterra filter, a novel structure of neural network Legendre orthogonal polynomial equalizer is proposed based on the theory of chaotic signal reconstruction. Combining the characteristic of single layer neural network and structure of Legendre orthogonal polynomial, the equalizer is designed and realized after the analysis of a few parameter nonlinear filters, and adaptive algorithm is deduced using the normalized least mean square algorithm. To support the analysis, simulation results for nonlinear chaos-based communication channel are provided.
Nonlinear evolution of chaotic signal transmission in optical fiber
Authors: Yan Sen-Lin  ,   南京晓庄学院物理系，南京 210017
Published: December 2020

Theory of chaotic signal transmission in optical fiber and physical mechanism of chaotic signal acting on optical fiber transmission medium are theoretically studied. A physical model of nonlinear evolution of chaotic signal propagation in optical fiber is presented by coupling chaotic laser system with optical fiber channel. Action of self-phase modulation of optical fiber on propagation and evolution of chaotic signal is analyzed in detail. Self-phase modulation of fiber does not affect the pulse shape of chaotic signal, however, its product of nonlinear phase shift can widen the chaotic signal spectrum. Self-phase modulation does not affect the power distribution and field intensity distribution of chaotic pulse signal. However, it can affect the power spectrum distribution, the transformation of optical field of chaotic signal and field's slow-variying part. A frequency chipped model of nonlinear evolution of chaotic signal in fiber is presented. The evolution and characteristic of the phase, spectrum, field and field's slow-varying part in fiber are numerically simulated.
Lattice Boltzmann method for the production and evolution of spiral waves
Authors: Deng Min-Yi  , Shi Juan  , Li Hua-Bing  , Kong Ling-Jiang  , Liu Mu-Ren  ,   (1)广西师范大学物理与电子工程学院，桂林 541004; (2)桂林电子科技大学电子工程系，桂林 541004; (3)桂林电子科技大学信息材料科学与工程系，桂林 541004
Published: December 2020

We proposed a five-speed lattice Boltzmann method to investigate the evolutionof the reaction-diffusion system. As an example, the production mechanism and evolution of the spiral wave were studied. We found that the system may evolve to three final states: homogenous, chaotic, and spiral waves-like, depending on the parameter of the system, and the crushing of the spiral waves in Selkov reaction-diffusion system belongs to the Doppler class.
Two-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation of screening of the bias field in terahertz generation from semi-insulated GaAs photoconductors
Authors: Jia Wan-Li  , Ji Wei-Li  , Shi Wei  ,   (1)西安理工大学理学院，西安 710048; (2)西安理工大学理学院，西安 710048；中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所信息功能材料国家重点实验室，上海 200050
Published: December 2020

Ensemble-Monte Carlo model is used to simulate the time-resolved spatial electric field distribution and the influence on terahertz emission by screening of the bias field by the space charge in semi-insulated GaAs (SI-GaAs) photoconductive switches under different experimental conditions. The time-resolved spatial electric field distribution of photo-generated carriers shows that space charge screening is one of the important factors that limit high-power terahertz radiation of the biased SI-GaAs photoconductors triggerd by high optical energy pulses, and space charge screening can produce bipolar terahertz waveforms. When large-aperture biased photoconductors are triggerd by uniform gap illumination of high optical energy pulse, the effect of space-charge screening on terahertz radiation is small.
Radar cross section computation using symplectic Runge-Kutta-Nystrom method
Authors: Li Min-Quan  , Tao Xiao-Jun  , Zhao Jin  , Wu Xian-Liang  ,   安徽大学计算智能与信号处理教育部重点实验室，合肥 230039;安徽大学光电信息获取与控制教育部重点实验室，合肥 230039
Published: December 2020

In this paper, a high-order symplectic finite difference time domain schemes is constructed for Hamilton system, using the symplectic Runge-Kutta-Nystrom (SYRKN) method. On the basis of fixed phase space and total energy in the Hamilton system, a formula of iterative algorithm is proposed which can be used to calculate the radar cross section of a metal cylinder. Calculation results have shown that the SYRKN method is accurate and fast.
Inter-mode intensity correlations in a free-running diode laser
Authors: Zhang Yu-Chi  , Wang Xiao-Yong  , Li Gang  , Wang Jun-Min  , Zhang Tian-Cai  ,   山西大学光电研究所，量子光学与光量子器件国家重点实验室，太原 030006
Published: December 2020

Intensity fluctuation and phase noise are key factors limiting the applications of the diode lasers is many fields. The intensity noise of a free-running diode laser was investigated experimentally. Tens of longitudinal modes from the diode laser were successfully separated and identified by a self-made monochromator with 0.01 nm resolution. The noise of either the individual mode or the jointed modes of main mode and the sideband modes was detected using a low-noise radio frequency photodetector. The properties of the intensity noise between either the main mode and the side modes, or the side modes themselves were investigated systematically. The anticorrelation between main mode and side modes was confirmed, and the periodical anticorrelations between small longitudinal modes were found. These results can help us to understand the mechanism of the intensity noise of the diode lasers as well as the noise suppression for intensity-squeezed light generation.
Investigation on inverted and non-inverted wavelength conversion based on transient cross phase modulation of semiconductor optical amplifier
Authors: Dong Jian-Ji  , Zhang Xin-Liang  , Fu Song-Nian  , Shum P.  , Huang De-Xiu  ,   (1)华中科技大学光电子科学与工程学院，武汉 430074; (2)南洋理工大学网络技术研究中心，新加坡 637553
Published: December 2020

All-optical wavelength conversion based on transient cross phase modulation of semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is a promising approach to achieve high-speed all-optical signal processing. We experimentally demonstrate inverted and non-inverted wavelength conversion (WC) based on single SOA and an optical bandpass filter with 0.4 nm bandwidth. When the central wavelength of the following filter is blue shifted by 0.25 nm or red shifted by 0.05 nm with respect to the wavelength of probe signal, the WC is inverted. When the filter detuning is blue shifted 0.29 nm or red shifted 0.25 nm, the WC is non-inverted. The polarity evolution from inverted WC to non-inverted WC is also presented with numerical simulation. The obtained results are in good agreement with the experiment.
Application of full vectorial mode matching method to the calculation of eigenmodes of three-dimensional bent waveguide
Authors: Cai Xin-Lun  , Huang De-Xiu  , Zhang Xin-Liang  ,   华中科技大学光电子科学与工程学院，武汉 430074
Published: December 2020

The eigenmodes of bent rib and bent strip waveguides are calculated by accurate and rigorous full vectorial mode matching method. Mode index and bending loss are presented as functions of bending radius. The computation result shows an excellent agreement with that obtained by finite difference method. Comparison of the strip waveguides with radius of 12 and 50 μm indicates that the phenomena of TE-TM coupling occurring on the side wall will become very strong when the bending radius is decreased, and this is the reason why the modes in the bend waveguide with small radius are hybrid mode instead of TE mode or TM mode in the traditional sense. The difference between transverse components of hybrid mode will be abated if the bending loss decreased, and when the two components are comparable, the polarization dependence of bent waveguide will decrease greatly.
Modulated photon confined states with graded-index photonic quantum well structure
Authors: Liu Jing  , Sun Jun-Qiang  , Huang De-Xiu  , Huang Chong-Qing  , Wu Ming  ,   (1)湖南理工学院物理与电子信息系,岳阳 414006; (2)华中科技大学光电子科学与工程学院,武汉 430074; (3)华中科技大学光电子科学与工程学院,武汉 430074;湖南理工学院物理与电子信息系,岳阳 414006
Published: December 2020

The formation of a photonic quantum well structure by sandwiching a graded-index photonic crystal between two symmetrical constant-index photonic crystals is demonstrated. The transmission spectra of various quantum wells with different refractive index profiles in the well region are calculated by finite-difference time-domain method. The results show that the observed fine peaks are quantized states of a photonic band, provided the photonic band of the photonic crystal in the well region is just located in the photonic band gap of the photonic crystal in the barrier region. It is found that the number of the quantized states are equal to the number of periods of the well region, the un-folded new confined states can be obtained by adjusting profile exponent in a given frequency region, in this way the multiple photon confined states can be gained without increasing the size of quantum well structures within limited forbidden band gap region. This method can lead to the maximization of channel density and optimization of the use of effective bandwidth. This structure can be applied to built super-narrow band optical filter and multi-channel narrow band optical filter, it may find application in super-dense wavelength division multiplexing for optical communication and precise optical measurement.
The techniques of single probe and emission spectroscopy diagnostics in low temperature argon plasmas
Authors: Niu Tian-Ye  , Cao Jin-Xiang  , Liu Lei  , Liu Jin-Ying  , Wang Yan  , Wang Liang  , Lü You  , Wang Ge  , Zhu Ying  ,   中国科学技术大学近代物理系，中国科学院基础等离子体物理重点实验室，合肥 230026
Published: December 2020

Electric probe and analytical emission spectroscopy were used to acquire I-V curve and spectra of cylindrical plasmas produced by dc high-voltage discharge in the laboratory. The electron excitation temperature, electron temperature and electron density were obtained using respectively the electron energy probability function, Fermi-Dirac model and Schottky diffusion theory of low pressure discharge. The inherent relationships between the method of emission spectroscopy for determination of electron excitation temperatures, method of low-pressure discharge theory for estimation of electron density, and method of electric probe for calculation of electron temperature and density were explored. Further more, the spcial features of different diagnostic techniques were discussed. It was pointed out that the methods described in the article have preferential applications in plasma diagnostics under special environments.
Low pressure chemical vapor deposition synthesis of InN nanowires and their field electron emission
Authors: Ye Fan  , Cai Xing-Min  , Wang Xiao-Ming  , Zhao Jian-Guo  , Xie Er-Qing  ,   (1)兰州大学物理科学与技术学院，兰州 730000; (2)深圳大学物理科学学院,深圳 518060
Published: December 2020

InN nanowires were prepared on Si substrates by low pressure chemical vapor deposition using Au as the catalyst. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the diameter of these nanowires is 60—100 nm, and the length is larger than 1 μm. High resolution transmission electron microscopy showed that the synthesized nanowires are a mixture of hexagonal and cubic phase. The field electron emission characteristics of these InN nanowires are good and the field emission current is stable. The turn-on electric field was 10.02 V/μm(the current density being 10 μA/cm2)，and at the high electric field of 24　V/μm，the current density was as high as to 5.5 mA/cm2. The field electron emission mechanism of these nanowires is discussed.
Influences of acetylene gas flow rate on mechanical properties and chemical structure of nanocomposite TiC diamond-like carbon films
Authors: Ma Guo-Jia  , Liu Xi-Liang  , Zhang Hua-Fang  , Wu Hong-Chen  , Peng Li-Ping  , Jiang Yan-Li  ,   (1)北京航空制造工程研究所，北京 100024; (2)哈尔滨工程大学机电工程学院，哈尔滨 150001
Published: December 2020

Nanocomposite TiC diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were prepared on silicon (100) wafer and Ti alloy samples by reactive magnetron sputtering combining with plasma source ion implantation. The hardness of the films was evaluated using nanoindentation. Micro-nick was employed to investigate the critical loading of the films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the chemical structure of the DLC films containing Ti. The results showed that changing acetylene gas flow rate could control Ti concentration in the films. Many nanometer TiC crystalline grains and nanocomposite TiC/DLC structure were formed by choosing proper C and Ti ratio, and the mechanical properties of the films were distinctly improved. In addition, ion implantation formed the transition layer which enhanced the adherence of the films.
Numerical analysis of thermal response of mid-infrared high reflectance coating under different laser irradiation angles
Authors: Wang Ying  , Liu Xu  , Zhang Yue-Guang  , Gu Pei-Fu  , Li Yi-Yu  , Li Ming-Yu  ,   浙江大学现代光学仪器国家重点实验室,杭州 310027
Published: December 2020

Thermal response of mid-infrared high reflectance coating exposed to laser beam of wavelength of 4.3 μm at different incident angles was studied by numerical method. In this paper, the incident beam was modeled as a tapered wave with a Gaussian spectrum. Joule loss due to absorption in the absorptive layers was calculated analytically and temperature profile in the multilayer was presented. The temperature distributions of high reflectance coating with different incident angles of transverse electric (TE) mode and transverse magnetic (TM) mode laser beams were compared. For the TE mode laser, the highest temperature peak appears at the incident angle of 35°, for the TM mode, the magnitude of the temperature peak decreases with increasing incident angle.
Reflectivity and phase shift of semiconductor far-infrared mirrors
Authors: Xu Min  , Zhang Yue-Heng  , Shen Wen-Zhong  ,   上海交通大学物理系,上海 200240
Published: December 2020

We have carried out an in-depth investigation on the reflectivity R　and phase shift φ of a novel semiconductor mirror, which can be applied in the far-infrared (FIR) spectral range. By fitting FIR reflection spectra of the GaAs material with different doping concentrations, empirical formulas are obtained for the doping concentration-dependent carrier relaxation time τ of n-GaAs and p-GaAs. The effects of structure and material parameters on the reflectivity and the phase shift of the mirror are analytically studied on the　basis of the deduced formulas. All the related parameters of the mirror are further optimized, and the corresponding wavelength selectivity is calculated according to the highest absorption in the detector cavity. The experimental FIR reflection result confirms the theoretical simulation, revealing the unique properties of this mirror, which establishes the basis of optimum designing of various FIR mirrors.
Studies on surface roughness and growth mechanisms of microcrystalline silicon films by grazing incidence X-ray reflectivity
Authors: Zhou Bing-Qing  , Liu Feng-Zhen  , Zhu Mei-Fang  , Zhou Yu-Qin  , Wu Zhong-Hua  , Chen Xing  ,   (1)内蒙古师范大学物理与电子信息学院,呼和浩特 010022; (2)中国科学院高能物理研究所北京同步辐射实验室,北京 100049; (3)中国科学院研究生院物理科学学院,北京 100049
Published: December 2020

The microcrystalline silicon films at different growth stages were deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The reflectivity of grazing incidence X-ray from synchrotron radiation has been applied to investigate the evolution of surface roughness of these thin films. By study of surface morphology of microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H), we understand their growth kinetics and growth mechanism. The results show that the growth exponent β is 0.21±0.01 and 0.24±0.01 for μc-Si:H films deposited on glass substrate at fixed substrate temperature, Under the following condition of electrode distance, pressure, rf power density, H2 dilutied at 200 ℃ to be 2 cm, 6.66×102　Pa and 0.22 W/cm2, 99% and 98%, respectively. According to the KPZ model in the PECVD case the growth mechanism of the μc-Si:H films is a finite diffusion growth.
Research on sampled-data synchronization of Lorenz system families
Authors: Jin Hui_Yu  , Xi Hong_Sheng  ,   中国科学技术大学自动化系，合肥 230026
Published: December 2020

In this paper, sampled-data synchronization of continuous chaotic systems is proposed from the viewpoint of digital measurement of continuous chaotic systems. Based on the results of control theory, a sampled-data synchronization system of Lorenz system families is designed. The synchronization system can synchronize the driven system at sampling points by sampling only one state variable. Numerical simulations illustrated the effectiveness of the synchronization system.
Structures and magnetism of FeBN (N≤6) clusters
Authors: Yang Zhi  , Yan Yu-Li  , Zhao Wen-Jie  , Lei Xue-Ling  , Ge Gui-Xian  , Luo You-Hua  ,   (1)河南大学理论物理研究所，开封 475001; (2)河南大学理论物理研究所，开封 475001；华东理工大学理学院，上海 200237
Published: December 2020

Taking account of spin-multiplicity states，the ground-state structures of FeBN(N≤6)clusters have been predicted using the generalized gradient approximation(GGA) density functional theory. The results indicate that the spin-multiplicity states of the ground-state clusters are respectively 4,3,2,1,2 and 1，and FeB4 is the most stable of the clusters. Also, we studied magnetic properties of the ground-state clusters systematically and found that the magnetic moment of Fe atom and total magnetic moment are decreasing with the increasing of cluster size except FeB5.
New treatment of CARS spectrum to determine the Raman depolarization ratio
Authors: Yu Yuan-Qin  , Lin Ke  , Yu Feng  , Zhou Xiao-Guo  , Liu Shi-Lin  , Ma Xing-Xiao  ,   合肥微尺度物质科学国家实验室(筹)，中国科学技术大学化学物理系，合肥 230026
Published: December 2020

The Raman depolarization ratio ρ can be determined accurately by polarization-resolved coherent anti-stokes scattering (CARS) technique (J. Raman Spectrosc., 2000, 31: 725). The polarized CARS spectra are recorded at a series of polarization angles φd, and simulated by a Lorentz bandshape to obtain signal amplitude HR of the resonant part. From the dependence of HR on polarization angle φd, the angle φ0d corresponding to HR=0 can be determined. So the Raman depolarization ratio can be obtained from the relationship ρ＝-1/(tanθtanφ0d), where θ is the polarization angle between Pump beam and Stokes beam. In this report, we introduce another method to process the data from polarized CARS spectrum, namely the method of intersecting point. Compared with the original method, our method needs not any knowledge of frequency distribution of the CARS spectrum, and is simpler.
Kinetic study of E′ center formed by radiation with low energy particles in high purity silica
Authors: Xiao Zhong-Yin  , Luo Wen-Yun  , Wang Ting-Yun  ,   上海大学通信与信息工程学院,上海 200072
Published: December 2020

In this paper, a kinetic model for the radiation-induced production of the intrinsic point defect E′ center is proposed. The results show that E′ center concentration increases linearly with dose in low dose regions, and it tends to saturate in high dose regions. Further, it is found that E′ center is dual exponential function of dose, and the saturate state collapses if the second reaction is considered. The theoretical result is in good agreement with the experiment.
Study on percolation law of 2D porous and fractured double-medium
Authors: Feng Zeng-Chao  , Zhao Yang-Sheng  , Lü Zhao-Xing  ,   太原理工大学采矿工艺研究所，太原 030024
Published: December 2020

Based on percolation theory of porous medium, the fracture as a very important permeability channel is taken into account in the theoretical research on percolation of medium. The research method on percolation of more general porous and fractured double-medium is put forward. Through the numerical calculation on the pore and fracture in donc in 2D, the relation between percolation probability and important parameters such as porosity, fracture fractal dimension and initial value of fracture distribution are obtained. The mathematical formula on percolation threshold of porous and fractured double-medium is also obtained. The percolation law of pore and fracture is further shown.
Structural stability and electronic properties of ordered identical Nb4 clusters on the Cu(100) surface
Authors: Wang Xiao-Chun  , Lin Qiu-Bao  , Li Ren-Quan  , Zhu Zi-Zhong  ,   厦门大学物理系，厦门大学理论物理与天体物理研究所,厦门 361005
Published: December 2020

First-principles density-functional theory and supercell models are employed to study the structural stability and electronic properties of the periodic two-dimensional arrays of identical Nb4 clusters on the Cu(100) surface. The total-energy calculations show that Nb4 clusters with both tetrahedron and quadrangle configurations can be stably absorbed on the Cu(100) surface, which might have important applications. The adsorption of quadrangular Nb4 clusters is shown to be more stable than that of tetrahedral Nb4. The energy barrier for the transition of tetrahedral Nb4 adsorption to the quadrangular one is around 0.94eV/cluster. Electronic structure calculations suggest that adsorption of Nb4 on Cu(100) surface causes significant charge redistributions between the surface Cu layer and the Nb4 adsorbate leading to remarkable changes in the electronic structure of the copper surface.
Characterization of the orientation of ethanol-water clusters by polarized fluorescence spectrum
Authors: Liu Ying  , Song Chun-Yuan  , He Wen-Liang  , Luo Xiao-Sen  , Lu Jian  , Ni Xiao-Wu  ,   (1)南京理工大学理学院，南京 210094; (2)南京理工大学理学院，南京 210094；徐州师范大学物理系，徐州 221116; (3)徐州师范大学物理系，徐州 221116
Published: December 2020

The fluorescence spectra of the ethanol-water mixture excited by 236nm UV-light and the polarization of the fluorescence are investigated respectively. With different polarization degree of an incident light, the fluorescence was collected between 300nm　and 400nm both in horizontal and vertical polarization direction. The experimental result shows that the fluorescence, emitted from the ethanol-water solution when excited by linearly polarized light, is a polarized light and its polarization degree is calculated too. By analyzing theoretically, the Stokes vector of the fluorescence polarization condition has been obtained, and the polarization condition is testified. By calculating Mueller matrix of the solution, the orientation characteristic of ethanol-water cluster molecules has been analyzed. The research can contribute to the study of the new molecule clusters of ethanol-water.
Femtosecond laser pulse control of multidimensional vibrational dynamics: (Ⅰ) the three vibrational mode two electronic state system
Authors: Li Hong  , Zhang Yong-Qiang  , Cheng Jie  , Wang Lu-Xia  , Liu De-Sheng  ,   (1)山东济宁学院物理系，曲阜 273100; (2)山东济宁学院物理系，曲阜 273100；北京科技大学物理系,北京 100083; (3)山东济宁学院物理系，曲阜 273100；山东大学物理与微电子学院，济南 250100; (4)山东济宁学院物理系，曲阜 273100；山东大学物理与微电子学院，济南 250100；山东大学晶体材料国家重点实验室,济南 250100
Published: December 2020

With the combination of optimal control theory and MCTDH method, given a certain target state, the quantum dynamics of pyrazine molecule system, which has been modeled as two electronic states and three vibrational modes, have been simulated. With the electronic excited state as the target state, what we get of the optimal pulse has a form of cuniform, which excites the wave-packet to the electronic excited state. In the tuning mode coordinate, the reduced probabilities oscillate strongly to obtain a high yield of target state. Given different target states, the evolution of probability density also demonstrates different behaviors. With the target state at the vibrational ground state of each coordinate in electronic excited state, the wave-packet is directly excited to their equilibrium positions.　With the target state at the shifted vibrational state, the wave-packet oscillates strongly to reach its target state.
Lie symmetries and adiabatic invariants for holonomic systems in event space
Authors: Zhang Yi  ,   苏州科技学院土木工程系，苏州  215011
Published: December 2020

The perturbations of Lie symmetries and adiabatic invariants for holonomic mechanical systems in event space are studied. Based on the definition of high-order adiabatic invariants of a mechanical system, the perturbation of Lie symmetries for the system under the action of small disturbance is investigated, and a type of Hojman high-order adiabatic invariants of the system are obtained. The conditions for the existence of the adiabatic invariants and the form of the adiabatic invariants are given. An example is presented to illustrate the results.
Linear generalized synchronization of chaotic systems by using white noise
Authors: Hu Ai-Hua  , Xu Zhen-Yuan  ,   江南大学理学院,无锡 214122
Published: December 2020

Given a chaotic drive system and the synchronization function, a response system was developed to implement linear generalized synchronization (GS) to the drive system. The method proposed here mainly utilizes the unidirectional coupling determined by white noise distribution. It is analytically proved that GS could be realized by using the white noise that satisfies certain conditions. In addition, the Chua's circuit was taken for illustration and verification.
Infrared characteristics of acidic droplet in different movement states on the surface of GaAs
Authors: Liu Lin  , Ye Yu-Tang  , Wu Yun-Feng  , Fang Liang  , Lu Jia-Jia  ,   电子科技大学光电信息学院,成都 610054
Published: December 2020

Using the infrared thermal image real-time monitoring system developed independently in our laboratory, the infrared characteristics of H2SO4-H2O2-H2O droplet in different movement states on the surface of GaAs substrate is studied, including, for instance, the static state, the slow motion state and the quick motion state. The obtained experimental results and the merit of our system are discussed. The main conclusions drawn from the experiments includes: In the static state, the created heat produces convection inside the droplet, the peak value of infrared radiation distribution is located at the top of droplet and the heat diffuses to the ambient along GaAs substrate, which causes the radiation to drop steeply at the edge of droplet. In the slow motion state, the residual heat phenomenon revealing as “comet tail" is observed when the droplet moves across the substrate surface, and as the temperature decreases, the radiation peak “co-moves” with the droplet in the same direction, in addition, the displacement curve of the radiation peak lags behind the actual displacement of the droplet and the maximum temperature may appear in the “comet tail”. In the quick motion state, the phenomenon shows as “liquid film trace" because the droplet leaves the substrate without reacting with GaAs, and the value of infrared radiation varies smoothly, showing in the gray_scale pattern as a half ellipse extending from the edge to the center of liquid film. The distribution and characteristic variety of grey-scale in the center of the trace is also analyzed. The proposed infrared monitoring system of thermal behavior of moving droplets will prompt the research of the droplet itself as well as the interdisciplinary studies, in which, for example, the infrared technology being introduced into material sciences and chemistry sciences and so on.
UV light-induced atom desorption for magnetic trap in single vacuum chamber
Authors: Zhang Peng-Fei  , Xu Xin-Ping  , Zhang Hai-Chao  , Zhou Shan-Yu  , Wang Yu-Zhu  ,   中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所量子光学重点实验室，上海 201800
Published: December 2020

UV (390nm) light was used to modulate the rubidium partial pressure by inducing desorption of Rb atoms from the inner walls of the vacuum cell. A few mW/cm2 of UV light was enough to increase the rubidium partial pressure by a factor of 30 in about 1 s. After the source was turned off, the pressure quickly decayed back to its previous value with a time constant as short as 120 ms, allowing for long tapping lifetimes after the MOT holding phase. The number-lifetime product of the magnetic trap was shown as a function of the duration of the MOT holding phase, the maximum value was achieved after a MOT holding time of 1.25 s.
Incoherently coupled spatial soliton pairs in two-photon photorefractive media
Authors: Zhang Yu  , Hou Chun-Feng  , Sun Xiu-Dong  ,   哈尔滨工业大学物理系，哈尔滨 150001
Published: December 2020

The coupling of two mutually incoherent optical beams with the same polarization and wavelength in two-photon photorefractive crystals is studied. It is shown that incoherently coupled dark-dark, bright-bright, and bright-dark soliton pairs are possible due to two-photon photorefractive effect.
One type of high order coupled photovoltaic spatial solitons
Authors: Wu Dan-Dan  ,   华南理工大学南校区物理教学实验中心，广州 510006
Published: December 2020

By numerical simulation we theoretically study one type of high order coupled photovoltaic spatial solitons that can be realized by using four parallel beams with two different frequency components in photovoltaic crystals whose light-induced refractive index perturbation is positive. The numerical results show that this kind of coupled soliton can be approached by hyperbolic secant beams undersome suitable conditions. The optical steering properties of such a high ordercoupled soliton are investigated. It is shown that such a coupled soliton cannot be realized when the incident beams remarkably deviated from the lateral symmetry.
Numerical simulation of columnar to equiaxial transition during solidification of Ti-44at%Al alloy
Authors: Wang Kuang-Fei  , Li Bang-Sheng  , Ren Ming-Xing  , Mi Guo-Fa  , Guo Jing-Jie  , Fu Heng-Zhi  ,   (1)哈尔滨工业大学材料科学与工程学院，哈尔滨 150001; (2)河南理工大学材料科学与工程学院，焦作 454100
Published: December 2020

Solute diffusion controlled solidification model was employed to simulate the columnar to equiaxial transition (CET) of TiAl alloy casting. The simulation results show that solute shock wave occurs when the diffusion fields of columnar and equiaxial dendrites meet. It could be one of the main factors blocking the columnar dendrite growth. Using this model, the CET in small castings was qualitatively predicted. It was found that the thermal gradient and solute undercooling ahead of the columnar tips of CET act jointly on CET, being in good agreement with experimental observations.
Equivalent parallel RLC model in the mesoscopic structure of nanocrystalline Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 alloy
Authors: Yang Quan-Min  , Xu Qi-Ming  , Fang Yun-Zhang  , Wang Ling-Ling  , Shi Fang-Ye  ,   (1)湖南大学应用物理系,长沙 410082; (2)西安建筑科技大学材料科学与工程学院,西安 710055; (3)西安建筑科技大学材料科学与工程学院,西安 710055；浙江师范大学数理学院,浙江金华 321004；连云港师范高等专科学校物理系,连云港 222006; (4)浙江师范大学数理学院,浙江金华 321004
Published: December 2020

Based on the AFM observation of the mesoscopic structure and the XRD experimental results of Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 nanocrystalline alloy, we proposed a model for exploring the influence of the mesoscopic structure on the soft magntic properties of this kind of Fe-based nanocrystalline alloys, and calculate the frequency function——D-function for the soft magntic properties of Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 nanocrystalline alloy. With the frequency function, we succeeded in exploring the influence of the frequency on the soft magntic properties of Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 nanocrystalline alloy. Analysis shows that the D-function is a complex function, the real part Re(D) shows the inductance and capacitance of nanocrystalline Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9, the imaginary part Im(D) shows its resistance. We have built an equivalent parallel RLC model for the mesoscopic structure of Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 nanocrystalline alloy. Based on the model we have calculated vextGMI=v|Re(D)=0, which is the condition of maximum GMI value for Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 nanocrystalline alloy, as well as influence of the factors μ,σ,ω,R,Hex and the micro-magntic-structure on the maximum GMI value.
Synchronization for a class of chaotic systems via scalar controller
Authors: Zhou  Ping  ,   重庆邮电大学非线性系统研究所，重庆 400065
Published: December 2020

Adding a suitable scalar controller to a class of chaotic systems, we can realize the synchronization for these chaotic systems. The method of obtaining the scalar controller from chaotic systems is established. The sufficient and necessary condition of chaos synchronization is obtained, which is irrelative to the chaotic system.
Simulation of optical coherence tomography using Monte Carlo method
Authors: Jia Ya-Qing  , Liang Yan-Mei  , Zhu Xiao-Nong  ,   南开大学现代光学研究所，光电信息技术科学教育部重点实验室，天津 300071
Published: December 2020

The new assumption that a photon cannot be split is made in the Monte Carlo simulation for optical scattering response function is made，which eliminates the uncertainly in arbitrarily choosing the threshold of photon death. A hyperbolic method is proposed to simulate the Gaussian beam used in optical coherence tomography systems where curved sample interfaces are encountered. Comparison between the calculated OCT pictures of a microscope slide (flat interface) and a cornea (curved interface) with the corresponding experimental ones indicates the effectiveness and the relative advantage of our new simulation method.
Measurement of thickness and refractive index of Zn1-xMgxO film grown on sapphire substrate by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Yan Feng-Ping  , Zheng Kai  , Wang Lin  , Li Yi-Fan  , Gong Tao-Rong  , Jian Shui-Sheng  , K. Ogata  , K. Koike  , S. Sasa  , M. Inoue  , M. Yano  ,   (1)Bio Venture Center,Osaka Institute of Technology; (2)New Material Research Center,Osaka Institute of Technology; (3)New Material Research Center,Osaka Institute of Technology;Bio Venture Center,Osaka Institute of Technology; (4)北京交通大学光波技术研究所，北京 100044; (5)北京交通大学光波技术研究所，北京 100044;New Material Research Center,Osaka Institute of Technology
Published: December 2020

The thickness and refractive index of Zn1-xMgxO film grown on A-sapphire substrate by molecular beam epitaxy were measured by ellipsometry. Combined with Mg content measured by inductively coupled plasma (ICP), the curves showing the relationships of thickness with film growth condition and the refractive index with the Mg content in the film were deduced by numerical analysis, which may serve as a theoretical basis for controlling the thickness and the refractive index in Zn1-xMgxO film growth process.
Several methods for dealing with metal in FDTD
Authors: Yang Guang-Jie  , Kong Fan-Min  , Li Kang  , Mei Liang-Mo  ,   山东大学信息科学与工程学院，济南 250100
Published: December 2020

There are important applications of metal in metamaterials. Three methods for dealing with metal in FDTD are analyzed and compared. ADE(auxiliary differential equation method) and PLRC(piecewise linear recursive convolution) have the same numerical result. However, there is a little difference between Sakoda's method and ADE. It is due to the error in calculation of convolution integral with Sakoda's method. Improving the convolution integral with the method used in PLRC, these three methods give the same results.