bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INNOVATIVE METHOD FOR SENSORY ANALYSIS OF SUGARS
Authors: КУЛЬНЕВА Н.Г. , МАТВИЕНКО Н.А. , ЖУРАВЛЕВ М.В.
Published: November 2022

Обоснована актуальность разработки инструментальных методов сенсорного анализа для оценки качества пищевых продуктов. Предложена методология сенсорного анализа с использованием устройства «Электронный нос». Устройство представляет собой набор селективных сенсоров, чувствительных к летучим компонентам, входящим в состав продуктов или адсорбированных ими в процессе производства и хранения. Подбор сенсоров определяется видом исследуемого продукта. Отпечаток аромата, фиксируемый сенсорами, сравнивается с образцами стандартных ароматов, имеющихся в базе информационного устройства. Программное обеспечение устройства позволяет провести качественный и количественный анализ полученных результатов и представить их в форме визуальных отпечатков или табличных значений. Апробация метода проведена на образцах сахара белого категории «Экстра», желтого исходного и аффинированного желтого сахара с добавкой шиповника. Полученные результаты хорошо коррелируют с органолептическими характеристиками продуктов и их химическим составом, установленными иными методами.

The relevance of the development of instrumental methods of sensory analysis for assessing the quality of food products is substantiated. The methodology of sensory analysis using the device «Electronic Nose» is proposed. The device is a set of selective sensors that are sensitive to volatile components that are part of the products or adsorbed by them during production and storage. The selection of sensors is determined by the type of product studied. The smell imprint recorded by the sensors is compared with samples of standard smells available in the database of the information device. The device software allows you to conduct a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results and presents them in the form of visual prints or tabular values. Approbation of the method was carried out on samples of «Extra» category white sugar, initial and refined B-sugar and refined B-sugar with addition of rose hips. The results obtained correlate well with the organoleptic characteristics of the products and their chemical composition, established by other methods.
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF MILK UNDER THE ACTION OF STREPTOCOCCUS THERMOPHILUS IN CHEESE PRODUCTION
Authors: СВИРИДЕНКО Г.М. , ШУХАЛОВА О.М. , ВАХРУШЕВА Д.С. , МАМЫКИН Д.С.
Published: November 2022

В статье приведены результаты биотрансформации молока, а также оценка влияния микробиологических и биохимических процессов при различных технологических параметрах производства созревающих сыров под действием Streptococcus thermophilus. В рамках проводимых исследований вырабатывались сыры по единой технологической схеме производства полутвердого созревающего сыра Голландский с массовой долей жира в пересчете на сухое вещество 45%. В сырах в качестве исследуемой микрофлоры применялась комбинация штаммов отдельного вида кислотообразующих заквасочных микроорганизмов Streptococcus thermophilus. Проведена оценка степени влияния температуры второго нагревания и условий созревания на протекание физико-химических, биохимических и органолептических процессов и качественные показатели сыра, определяемые уровнем развития и метаболизма используемых заквасочных культур.

The article presents the results of milk biotransformation, as well as an assessment of the influence of microbiological and biochemical processes at various technological parameters for the manufacture of ripening cheeses under the influence of Streptococcus thermophilus. As part of the research, cheeses were made according to a single technological scheme for the manufacture of semi-hard ripening Dutch cheese with a mass fraction of fat in terms of dry matter of 45%. In cheeses, a combination of strains of a separate type of acid-forming starter microorganisms of Streptococcus thermophilus. was used as the studied microflora. An assessment was made of the degree of influence of the temperature of the second heating and ripening conditions on the course of physicochemical, biochemical and organoleptic processes and the quality indicators of cheese, determined by the level of development and metabolism of the used starter cultures.
CHANGES IN THE ACTIVITY OF ENZYME SYSTEMS DURING SECONDARY FERMENTATION OF WINE MATERIALS
Authors: НЕРОВНЫХ Л.П.
Published: November 2022

Исследована целесообразность применения препаратов сухих инактивированных (клеточных стенок) дрожжей – глутарома, сэлклина, биопротекта, эливита и активита – в технологии игристых вин, произведенных классическим и резервуарным способами. В статье приводится сравнительная оценка влияния различных биопрепаратов и их смесей с бентонитом на активность гидролитических и окислительно-восстановительных ферментов при вторичном брожении. Установлена тенденция изменения активности гидролаз в ходе бутылочной и резервуарной шампанизации. В процессе вторичного брожения активность гидролаз – протеиназ и эстераз – в начальный период снижалась и достигала минимума на 30-е сутки, затем увеличивалась. Наибольший эффект отмечен при совместном применении препаратов клеточных стенок и суспензии бентонита. Применение в процессе вторичного брожения смеси минералов и биопрепаратов оказывает значительное влияние на биохимические процессы, происходящие при приготовлении игристых вин, а следовательно, может влиять на их качество.

The expediency of using preparations of dry inactivated (cell walls) yeast – glutarome, selcline, bioprotect, elivite and activite – in the technology of sparkling wines produced by classical and reservoir methods has been investigated. The article provides a comparative assessment of the effect of various biological preparations and their mixtures with bentonite on the activity of hydrolytic and redox enzymes during secondary fermentation. The trend of changing the activity of hydrolases during bottle and tank champanization has been established. In the process of secondary fermentation, the activity of hydrolases – proteinases and esterases in the initial period decreased and reached a minimum on the 30th day, then increased. The greatest effect was observed with the combined use of cell wall preparations and bentonite suspension. The use of a mixture of minerals and biological products in the process of secondary fermentation has a significant impact on the biochemical processes occurring during the preparation of sparkling wines, and therefore can affect
Brønsted Base-Catalyzed Domino Annulation of α-oxo-β, γ-Unsaturated Ketones and Malononitrile: Facile Access to Poly-substituted Tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furanols
Authors: Luo JInyun , Feng Zenan , Cai Zhihua , Du Guangfen , Liu Jichang , Dai Bin , He Lin
Published: November 2022

An efficient and atom-economical Brϕnsted base-catalyzed domino reaction of α-oxo-β, γ-unsaturated ketone is described. Under the catalysis of 20 mol% K2CO3, both symmetrical cinnamils and unsymmetrical β, γ-unsaturated diketones can react with malononitrile to produce polysubstituted tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furanols in good to high yields and excellent diastereoselectivity. Three quaternary carbon centers and one tertiary carbon center can be constructed simultaneously, and the reaction can be easily scaled up.
Kognitive Aspekte des Übersetzungsprozesses : Eye-Tracking im interkulturellen Vergleich
Authors: Lee KyeongHwa
Published: November 2022

What happens in the mind when we translate? And how does our mother tongue influence our speaking, writing, thinking and translating? In the answer to one question lies the resolution of the other. KyeongHwa Lee has explored both questions using eye tracking, writing process analysis, and a survey of study participants. She can prove that people of different native languages store and process the information of a sentence in different ways. The syntactic structure and the information structure of their respective native language obviously play a decisive role. They influence how we understand texts, how we speak and write, and how we translate from one language to another. Similar sentence structure of working languages apparently facilitates the language transfer process. But the influence of the mother tongue goes far beyond that: it also shapes our thinking.
Student Perspectives on the Use of Interactive Video Lectures in Online Classes
Authors: Ottusch Timothy M. , Jordan Ashley C.
Published: November 2022

As enrollment in online courses continues to rise, examining quality student engagement opportunities in online settings is important for their success and well-being. The current study sought to understand students’ perspectives on using interactive video lectures in fully online classes. Surveys were collected from 161 undergraduate students across two psychology and two family studies and human development online courses. All four courses used online video lectures with embedded questions and pauses to allow time for answering. The survey results report students felt the embedded questions supported their understanding of the content and kept them engaged. Students explicitly reported paying more attention to the videos because there were questions to answer. Students also appreciated the immediate feedback they received, particularly from multiple-choice questions, and felt it helped solidify what they needed to further study. Implications for future practice and research are included.
PENGARUH MANAJEMEN MODAL KERJA TERHADAP LIKUIDITAS DENGAN PROFITABILITAS SEBAGAI PEMODERASI PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR
Authors: Supramono Supramono , Nanna Cindy Christine
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of working capital management on liquidity with profitability as a moderation variable in manufacturing companies. The number of samples used was 41 companies obtained using the purposive sampling method. The source of the research data used is secondary data in the form of annual financial reports published by the official website of www.idnfinancials.com for the period 2016-2019. The data analysis techniques used are panel data analysis and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results of the study showed that working capital management does not have a significant effect on liquidity, profitability as a moderation variable is not able to moderate working capital management to liquidity.
PENDEKATAN INDEKS DAYA SAING DAN PENGARUH SEKTOR PARIWISATA DALAM MENINGKATKAN EKONOMI DAERAH KOTA BATU
Authors: Puspitasari Niken , Rahmawati Farida
Published: November 2022

Batu City has an artificial tourism base, which could be a strategic tourism destination in East Java province. The tourism competitiveness index analysis and the effect of the tourism sector on local generated revenue were also used to analyze the economic growth that has come to Batu City's tourism sector. In studying the effect of the tourism sector on locally generated revenue in Batu City, the research uses the quantitative method with the calculation of the tourism competitiveness index and multiple rectilinear regression. The results obtained by Batu City indicate that tourism competitiveness is already good in the refinement development stage, as indicated by the pillars Safety and Security, Human Resources and Labor Market, Environmental Sustainability, natural resources, Business Environment, Price Competitiveness, and Ground and Port Infrastructure. But in the Health and Hygiene, ICT Readiness, Prioritization of Travel & Tourism, International Openness, and Tourist Service Infrastructure are still in the early stages of development. And the tourism sector, which is related to the tourism competitiveness index, has to have a significant and positive effect on local generated revenue, whereas the room occupancy rate and total population have no significant and negative effect.
Análisis del turismo rural comunitario en Colombia y España: estudio de casos
Authors: Saavedra Camargo Janeth Alejandra , García Revilla Raquel , Martínez Moure Olga , Mora Forero Jorge Alexander
Published: November 2022

El turismo a lo largo de la historia ha demostrado su capacidad para adaptarse a las coyunturas y tendencias, las cuales, por lo general, son acordes a las características del entorno, las necesidades y/o motivaciones de los viajeros. Pues bien, no es un secreto que el confinamiento preventivo al cual se han sometido recientemente la gran mayoría de los países por la pandemia del COVID-19 pone al turismo en “cuidados intensivos”. No obstante, si se analizan las tendencias turísticas futuras, el turismo va a tener una clara propensión a visitar lugares de baja concurrencia. Por ello, esta obra describe la articulación del turismo rural con la gestión de las comunidades rurales. Esto permite ilustrar la realidad turística de las comunidades que habitan el territorio rural.
Synthesis and Repetitive Application of Nanocrystalline ZnO Based Floating Photocatalyst for the Detoxification of Water from Bacteria and Viruses Mixtures
Authors:   Lithuanian Energy Institute, Breslaujos st. 3, Kaunas, Lithuania, rastine@lei.lt, Lelis Martynas , Tuckute Simona ,   Vytautas Magnus University, K. Donelaičio st. 58, Kaunas, Lithuania, dek@gmf.vdu, Demikyte Emilija , Vasiliauske Deimante , Urbonavicius Marius , Varnagiris Sarunas , Sakalauskaite Sandra
Published: November 2022

Usually, the most efficient photocatalyst materials are synthesized as fine nanocrystalline powders and this rises significant handling and repetitive application issues. More recently, researchers started to immobilize photocatalyst (nano)materials on relatively large low density supports creating floating photocatalyst particles. Such approach allows to effectively retrieve and re-apply the used photocatalyst material. In current study we used reactive magnetron sputtering technique and deposited unconventional orange colour nanocrystalline ZnO based photocatalyst on floating high-density polyethylene (HDPE) grains. The structure of the synthesized photocatalyst was characterized by XRD, SEM, and XPS techniques. The repetitive measurements of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye bleaching by the ZnO based photocatalyst film under visible light irradiation showed high stability over ten cycles. Visible light induced photocatalytic efficiency of the floating photocatalyst grains (FPG) was also estimated by the repetitive treatment of water samples containing Salmonella typhimurium (strain SL1344) and Micrococcus luteus bacteria, as well as water samples containing PRD1 and T4 bacteriophages. These tests indicated complex interaction between the bacteria, viruses, photocatalyst and its HDPE support. For example, they revealed that FPGs lose most of its photocatalytic efficiency in just 3 cycles. To stabilize the ZnO based FPGs and enhance its photocatalytic efficiency under the visible light irradiation, before the depositing of ZnO films we pre-covered HDPE grains by Ni underlayer. The addition of Ni resulted in mixed results – Ni underlayer reduced the efficiency of S. typhimurium disinfection during the first cycle but increased the efficiency and detoxication stability over consecutive tests using the same set of FPGs.
Important Parameters for Increased Productivity in Bridge Design and Production
Authors: Lagerkvist Johan , Karlsson Mats , Rempling Rasmus , Bosch-Sijtsema Petra , Lædre Ola , Simonsson Peter
Published: November 2022

There is great potential for increased productivity in the production of bridges in terms of optimizing material use, time and cost for design and production. Hence, the environmental impact and cost can be optimized. To find out how standardisation of parts of bridges and which parameters are of most importance for increased productivity in the production of bridges, a quantitate study was performed on the Swedish bridge construction industry. The questionnaire received 151 responses. The results show in which aspects and parameters the industry’s three major actors – engineers, contractors, and clients – see greatest potential in order to increase the productivity. By standardising parts in bridges, there is great potential in making the construction of bridges more productive.
Conceptual Design of Long-Span Suspension Bridges: Tower Structural Forms
Authors: Proverbio Marco , Jamal Assad , Marcussen Jens B.
Published: November 2022

Towers are highly visible and characteristic structural components in long-span bridges. Although several tower arrangements have been proposed for medium-span cable-supported bridges, few solutions have been feasible and optimal for long-span suspension bridges. The most widely adopted form is the H-frame, where vertical (or slightly inclined) legs are connected by one or more cross beams. Another solution is the A-frame in which two inclined legs, not necessarily connected by intermediate cross beams, merge at the tower top. On a few occasions single-shaft towers, often used in cable-stayed bridges, have also been used in suspension bridges. This paper compares alternative tower forms for long-span suspension bridges, based on COWI experience in recent bridge design projects. Different arrangements are investigated, with the objective of improving structural efficiency and reducing material quantities. Finally, constructability aspects and the interaction between the towers and other bridge elements are discussed.
Study on Long-term Deflection Control Performance of Long-span Prestressed Concrete Combination Structure Rail Transit Bridges
Authors: Lai Ya-ping , Yang Ding , Li Lin
Published: November 2022

Rail transit bridges must meet stringent requirements for deflection control throughout the operation period. To provide a reference for the selection of bridge type and structure for long-span rail transit bridges, this paper conducted a comparative study of four PC(prestressed concrete) combination structure bridge types’ long-term deflection control performance. The structural configurations of the bridge types under research were trial designed using the same arrangement with a main span of 250 m and design parameters, and the Finite Element models for long-term deflection calculations were developed. According to the findings, all of these bridge types exhibit high vertical structural stiffness and excellent long-term deflection control performance, satisfying rail transit's technical requirements. Additionally, Excess weight and prestress loss have a less detrimental effect on arch-assisted girder bridges.
The Behavior of Long-span Suspended Footbridge Under Wind Load
Authors: Kim Soomin , Kim Jeong-Gon , Chung WooJin , Kim Ho-Kyung
Published: November 2022

This study examined the wind resistance characteristics of a 660 m span suspended footbridge using a wind tunnel test and numerical analysis method. The target bridge deck is a hexagonal cross- section beam supported by a three-dimensional catenary cable structure. A wind tunnel experiment was conducted to investigate the wind characteristics in the mountainous valley terrain in the simulated atmospheric boundary layer model. The wind load of the girder was applied to the numerical model considering aerodynamic coefficients and the topographical characteristics. The behavior of the girder according to the wind load was analyzed. Above a certain wind speed, the lateral and vertical displacement increased sharply, and the torsional displacement reversed from nose up direction to nose down direction. This phenomenon was due to the loss of the initial tension of the leeward cables due to the geometrical behavior of the three-dimensional cable structure. This study identifies the behavior of long-span suspended footbridges under wind loads.
Effect of steel diaphragms on girder performance of simply supported T-girder bridges with wide girder spacing
Authors: Liu Chang , Duanmu Xiangyong , Yu Chengxu , Xu Dong , Qiu Tijun
Published: November 2022

A promising system for accelerated bridge construction is the simply supported T-girder bridge with wide girder spacing and steel diaphragms. However, the influence of steel diaphragms on this system is unclear. A space grillage model was presented to conduct a parametric study. Three forms of the number of steel diaphragms were considered: with three diaphragms, with two end diaphragms only, and without diaphragm. It is found that the reduction of the number of steel diaphragms reduces the stresses of girders under dead load; under eccentric vehicle load, the removal of steel diaphragms changes the load transfer coefficient and leads to uneven load distribution. However, under load combination conditions, the removal of steel diaphragms has a modest positive effect of reducing stress and deflection envelop values for girders and can bring the most adverse situation of each girder closer.
Effects of Axial Compression Ratio in Socketed Precast Pier-Footing Connection
Authors: Xu Yan , Shivahari Suresh , ZengZeng
Published: November 2022

A socket connection is one of the emerging and most recommended joint connections in prefabricated substructures. At present, a large number of researches on socket connections has been carried out and most of them deal with pier-spread footing in the shallow foundation. This paper aims to study the effect of axial compression ratio using quasi-static tests of 2 specimens with socket connections. Specimen M1 is subjected to vertical and horizontal loading, whereas Specimen M2 is subjected to horizontal loading only. The experimental results showed that the axial compression ratio has a huge influence on the socket wall stress, i.e., the greater the axial compression ratio, the greater the socket maximum wall stress. But under the same horizontal force, the greater the axial compression ratio, the smaller the socket wall stress. And during increment of axial compression ratio, horizontal bearing capacity and horizontal stiffness of pier increase significantly.
Advances in and Benefits of Rapid Steel Connections
Authors: Al-Sabah Salam , Laefer Debra F. , Schultz Arturo E. , McGetrick Patrick
Published: November 2022

Pairing of robotic arms with precision cutting in the form of laser, plasma, and water jet cutting has opened the door to entirely new forms of structural steel connections that can be assembled with no field welding and minimal (if any) bolting. Such connections can offer increased erection speed, decreased safety issues, and in some cases the opportunity for rapid disassembly, thereby creating a pathway for direct reuse. This paper provides an overview on the testing, numerical modeling, and field assembly of one such connection – the Intermeshed Steel Connection (ISC). This paper highlights features and behaviors of this connection when simulated, tested, and erected in a beam- to-beam connection and focuses on compliance, ability to be designed reliably, load transfer between the side plates and the main member, and the relatively rapid speed of erection compared to a traditional fully bolted connection. Because of its limited number of pieces, the connection may enable in-situ robotic assembly.
Advancements in Timber Construction: A Review of Prefabricated Mass Timber Floor Assemblies
Authors: Owolabi David , Loss Cristiano
Published: November 2022

This paper provides a state-of-the-art review of prefabricated mass timber floors, with a focus on composite floor assemblies for common residential and long-span office applications. The discussion relates to different design aspects, including connection systems and methods of assembly. Also, design methods and code provisions for the floor assemblies comprising ultimate limit state design, vibration control and long-term behaviour are expounded. A life-cycle overview of floor solutions is also presented to highlight their sustainability potential. The paper demonstrates how the building industry can leverage the structural performance, light weight and prefabrication capabilities of these innovative floor solutions for a better-built environment.
Parameterized Analysis of Guide Beam in the Incremental Launching Construction of Five-span Steel Box Girder Bridge
Authors: Hu Jinrui , Liu Chao
Published: November 2022

The parameters of the guide beam have a great influence on the structural behavior of the incremental launching construction bridge. Based on an incremental launching construction engineering of a five-span steel box girder bridge, this paper established the finite element model. The influence of the length, stiffness, and weight of the guide beam on the behavior of the main beam was analyzed, and the original design scheme was optimized and compared. Finally, some suggestions were put forward for the design and parametric analysis of the incremental launching guide beam.
The Modern PU-Based Flexible Plug Expansion Joint for Bridges – The Ideal Solution For City Expressways With Recent Innovations Making Installation Even Faster and More Reliable than Before
Authors: Shen Golden , Savioz Pascal , Ortmann Dominik
Published: November 2022

The modern polyurethane-based flexible plug expansion joint is vastly superior to the traditional asphaltic-type flexible plug joint, as has been shown by extensive laboratory testing and years of experience under traffic on many bridges. The advantages offered by the PU-based version include its great strength and elasticity (with the material allowing 650% elongation before failure), its resistance to both very low and very high temperatures, and the special advantages it offers when used to replace old small-movement joints in existing structures. These advantages relating to installation on existing, heavily trafficked structures have now been enhanced by recent prefabrication innovations that make installation even quicker and easier, thereby further reducing the impact on traffic. The expansion joint type and these recent innovations are described, with reference to their first applications on some of Shanghai’s busiest city expressways.
Long-term Missing Wind Data Recovery for Bridge Health Monitoring Using Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Zhiwei , Zhang Wenming , Zhang Yufeng
Published: November 2022

As the performance of the electronic equipment for bridge SHM system deteriorates, wind data often suffer from long-term data missing, which creates barriers for safety monitoring of the bridge structures. Therefore, we proposed a framework for long-term missing wind data recovery based on a deep neural network (DNN) utilizing a free access database (ECMWF). This framework consisted of one regression task (Task 1) and one temporal super-resolution task (Task 2). In Task 1, the hourly wind data provided by ECMWF were learned to the hourly ones of the SHM system. In Task 2, the low-resolution wind data were upsampled to high-resolution ones (10-min averages). The U-net architecture provided the basis for the DNNs in both tasks. The proposed framework's feasibility was verified through a case study of Sutong Bridge. The proposed methodology provides a new perspective for recovering long-term continuous missing SHM data.
Numerical Examination in Bridge Responses due to Fracture of Truss Member in a Steel Truss Bridge under Vehicle Loadings
Authors: Borjigin Sudanna , Chang Kai-Chun , Ogura Norihiko , Shiotani Tomoki
Published: November 2022

This study investigated the bridge responses and modal parameters of a steel truss bridge based on FE analysis considering vehicle loadings and aimed to propose an adjustable damage scenario for a loading test on the target bridge. The idea of this study is that the modal parameters and stress distribution identified under assumed damage scenario can provide useful information to decide artificial truss member cut-off patterns and to ensure the bridge safety in the vehicle loading tests. A three-dimensional FE model is constructed using commercial FE analysis software suite for calculating modal parameters (natural frequencies and mode shapes) and maximum internal member force of the bridges. The eigenvalue analysis and static loading analysis were conducted with intact bridge and damaged bridge whose member fracture is simulated by removing one vertical, diagonal member, or two vertical members, in order to find the most severe condition for cutting locations where largest axial force occurs. Results show that variation in modal frequency and mode shape due to different damage scenario are conspicuous. Effect of cut-off pattern changes of damage scenarios are observable by comparing the analysis results between intact and damaged bridge. Finally, two vertical steel members are determined to be cut off in the field loading test.
Research on the Layout of Temporary Piers of Large-span and Super- Width Steel Box Girder during Incremental Launching Construction
Authors: Xie Wei , Su Qingtian , Zhang Yong
Published: November 2022

It is difficult to understand the mechanical performance of large-span and super-width steel box girder during the incremental launching construction, and it varies with the number of temporary piers. Combined with the engineering example of Qilu Yellow River Bridge in Jinan, this paper conducts research on the layout of temporary piers. Firstly, stress envelope of main girder and maximum support reaction forces under different layout schemes are analyzed with the frame model. Then, the local plate-shell model is used to obtain stress distribution of main plates and local stability of main girder segment under the most unfavorable loading conditions. The results show that local mechanical performance of steel box girder plays a crucial role in ensuring its safety during the incremental launching construction. Besides, rational spacing between temporary piers is 70m for Qilu Yellow River Bridge.
Preliminary Analyses for the Study of the Effects of an Explosive Action on a Long-Span Suspension Bridge
Authors: Sgambi Luca , Dupont Baptiste , Garavaglia Elsa
Published: November 2022

Terrorist attacks have nowadays become an important issue for the structural design of constructions such as bridges. Indeed, during the last decades, the increase in the number of terrorist attacks has resulted in the loss of many human lives and socio-economic impact on our society. The aims of this research consist in a series of preliminary analyses in view of a study of the effects of an explosion on a long-span suspension bridge. As a suspension bridge was considered the project of the bridge over the Strait of Messina, having as main span of 3300 meters. The structure was modeled using ABAQUS/Explicit software using beams-type 3D finite element modeling. The objectives of the research are double. The first one is the study of the pressures generated by an explosive charge to model the phenomenon during numerical simulations while, the second objective, is to test different discretizations to have a reliable numerical response.
Fatigue Tests on Compact-tension Specimens Repaired by CFRP
Authors: Zheng Yuanpeng , Chen Tao
Published: November 2022

Six fatigue tests were conducted to investigate the fatigue behaviour of CFRP-repaired compact- tension specimens (CT specimens), considering the effects of CFRP material type, patch configuration and patch layer numbers. Beach marking technique and digital image correlation (DIC) technology were employed to depict the crack propagation and the strain distribution on the specimens. The differences in fatigue life and fatigue crack growth rates (FCGR) results reveal that CFRP patches can prolong the fatigue life, even tripling the cycle number in a test. There is a salient advantage in double-side repairing compared to its one-side counterpart. However, the CFRP sheet layer number doesn’t guarantee the strengthening efficacy. The specimen repaired by CFRP plate had a mixed failure mode of adhesive layer failure and CFRP debonding. The failure mode of CFRP- sheet repaired specimens was a mix of CFRP debonding, delamination and adhesive layer failure.
Design and Dehumidification Effect of Dry Air Dehumidification System Inside the Main Cable
Authors: Wei Chen , Ruili Shen , Xiang Cheng , Tianbao Wan , Jun Zhao , Zhubing Zhou
Published: November 2022

To improve the durability of the main cable of the suspension bridge, a new dehumidification system for delivering dry air from the interior of the main cable is proposed. The dehumidification system delivers dry air through the dry air supply conduct embedded inside the main cable, which can improve the dry air delivery efficiency. Based on the 1560m long-span suspension bridge of Longtan Yangtze River Bridge, the overall design of the new dehumidification system of the main cable is carried out. The components of the new dehumidification system are designed, the key technologies for the design of the new dehumidification system are clarified, and the corresponding solutions are proposed. To verify the dehumidification effect of the new dehumidification system, the main cable dehumidification test was carried out to test the relative humidity change pattern inside the main cable during the dry air delivering process. The test results show that the new dehumidification system has a good dehumidification effect and can be used to protect the main cable of the long-span suspension bridge against corrosion.
Mechanical performance of skewed deck-extension bridge
Authors: Xue Jun-Qing , Mao Sheng-rong , Briseghella Bruno , Chen Baochun , Miao Jian-bao , Wang Xu
Published: November 2022

The deck-extension bridges is the most widely used jointless bridges in China due to the simple structure and convenient construction. The mechanical performance of skewed bridges is more complex than that of right bridges. To understand the difference between the skewed deck- extension bridge (SDEB) and the skewed jointed bridge (SJB), a SDEB built in China was chosen as a case study. The girders and approach slabs longitudinal displacements were monitored. A finite element model (FEM) was implemented by using the MIDAS-Civil software, of which the accuracy was verified by monitoring results. The mechanical performance of the SDEB and SJB under different load cases was compared. The influence of different skew angles on the mechanical performance of the SDEB was studied. The results indicated that the mid-span bending moment of the SDEB was slightly smaller by 5% than that of the SJB. Compared with the SJB, the mid-span torque of the girder in the side span and axial force at the girder end in the SDEB were significantly larger, which should be paid special attentions to during the design. The in-plane rotation of the girder in the SDEB was limited by the approach slab; therefore, the lateral displacement of the SDEB was significantly smaller than that of the SJB, especially for the skew angle of 30°. Bearing unseating and deck cracks may be improved in SDEB.
Study on Risk of Ship Collision in Bridge Life-cycle Based on Synergetic Theory
Authors: Liu Yihua , Guo Xin
Published: November 2022

The study on the risk of ship-bridge collision has always been a significant subject in academic research. However, the study of ship-bridge collision risk is rarely mentioned from the perspective of the bridge life-cycle. This paper proposes the concept of "bridge-ship common safety" based on the synergetic theory and constructs a high-level cooperative platform to solve the problem of bridge-ship collision. It was given in this article by analyzing the interaction relationship among subsystems of environment, ship, and bridge. In this paper, it proposed the analysis method of the ship-bridge collision risk based on synergetic theory with order parameters, including ship-bridge collision probability and collapse probability of bridge. Finally, the Lanjiang Xiangnv Bridge project as the case study is demonstrated. The risk of bridges is evaluated by utilizing order parameters and synergetic degrees. The result shows that the model can reflect the risk of ship-bridge collision properly, which achieves great scientific significance and academic value for enriching the theory in bridge-ship collision avoidance and implementing the concept of " bridge-ship common safety ".
Experimental Study on Scour Depth Monitoring of Bridge Foundation Based on Ultrasonic Wave
Authors: Ma Shuaibin , Wu Wenpeng , Liu Sisi , Long Shiguo
Published: November 2022

Foundation scour phenomenon is the result of the water current erosion, which could lead to the removal of streambed materials around the foundation of bridge pier or abutment. The structural damage caused by foundation scour usually has no obvious foreboding. It will easily lead to bridge collapse without early warning. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct the real-time monitoring of the foundation scour for bridges. This paper proposed an ultrasonic-based scour monitoring method for the bridge foundation. The local scour test model based on ultrasonic wave method is established by using the glass box in the laboratory. In the test, the possible scour pit is simulated by shaping the fine gravel in the glass box. An acoustic detector made by our research group was used for signal transmitter and receiver in the test. In addition, the influence of different inclination angles of the scour pit on monitoring result is also investigated in this study.
Flutter Behavior and Stability Evaluation of Suspended Footbridge through Wind Tunnel Experiments and Aeroelastic Flutter Analysis
Authors: Lee Sang Hyeon , Kim Ho-Kyung , Hwang Youchan
Published: November 2022

Suspended footbridges are set apart by being much more lightweight and slender compared to conventional highway bridges. For this reason, the stiffness and damping of the bridge system are significantly lower, causing an outsized influence of wind load. Therefore, a precise evaluation must be performed to secure the wind stability of the suspended footbridge. However, design specifications are not documented, and reported studies are insufficient. In this study, a conventional 2-DOF section model test was conducted to estimate the flutter wind velocity of the suspended footbridge and observe the flutter behavior. Frequency domain step-by-step flutter analysis was performed to identify the flutter generation mechanism of examined suspended footbridge. It was deduced that the decrease of torsional damping due to the torsional-driven vertical vibration and coupled aeroelastic force induced the torsional flutter.
Analysis of Lateral Torsional Buckling of Steel I-Beams within Preflexed Beams in Pre-Bending Stage
Authors: Tian Lin-jie , Yang Ming , Li Zhe
Published: November 2022

In order to study the lateral torsional buckling (LTB) law of steel I-beams within preflexed beams in pre-bending stage, the traditional Rayleigh Ritz method was applied, and the modified Rayleigh Ritz method was proposed by considering the restraint effects caused by lateral braces. A large number of finite element models were established by ABAQUS. The theoretical and simulation results show that the modified Rayleigh Ritz method proposed in this paper can reduce the maximum relative error of traditional Rayleigh Ritz method by about 13%. The effects of different parameters on the LTB of steel I-beams were obtained through parameter analysis. The study in this paper can provide reference value for the analysis of LTB of steel I- beams and the parameter selection of preflexed beams in pre-bending stage.
Numerical Investigation on Anchorage Zone Capacity of Post- Tensioned RPC
Authors: Mohamed Elobaid Musa Moneef , Xueyu Xiong
Published: November 2022

The bearing capacity of the anchorage zone is involved in prestressed structures, which is a problem for the local compression zone. This paper used ABAQUS software to simulate the local compression of reactive powder concrete (RPC) under various conditions, according to RPC's deformation characteristics and mechanical properties. The damage parameters are filled in according to the constitutive model. The specimens with the duct have been simulated with different bearing plate lengths, stirrup spacing, and various reinforcement ratios and were studied. The load-displacement curves and ultimate bearing capacity were obtained. The summary and analysis showed that the stirrup spacing could provide a beneficial behavior in controlling the cracks. Moreover, the steel stirrup reinforcement can dissipate the energy in the specimen, and the RPC specimen's local compression bearing capacity is improved by increasing the bearing plate's length.
Mixed Mode Fatigue Crack Propagation Mechanism of the Diaphragm Cutout Detail in Steel Bridge Deck
Authors: Yu Li , Chen Hui , Zhu Chenhui , Mao Yubo , Wang Chunsheng
Published: November 2022

Based on the extended finite element method (XFEM), finite element model of a typical steel bridge deck was established to analyze the fatigue crack propagation of diaphragm cutout detail. It was considered the parameters of welding residual stress, vehicle load and initial crack in the fatigue mechanism analysis. Residual tensile stress in the cutout edge of the diaphragm of two types of cutout was calculated. Cutout with higher residual tensile stress provided the welding residual stress field for calculation of fatigue crack propagation. Under coupling action of vehicle load and welding residual field, the fatigue crack in diaphragm cutout edge was mixed mode crack of Modes I, II, dominated by Mode I.
Parameter Analysis on Double-side Welded Connection of Orthotropic Steel Decks Based on Structural Stress
Authors: Sun Kai , Jiang Xu , Wu Wei , Qia Xuhong
Published: November 2022

Rib-to-deck welded connections of orthotropic steel decks(OSD’s) are prone to fatigue problems and the new type of double-side welded connection is applied for optimization. To further reveal transformation mechanism of fatigue mode, the geometrical parameters of double-side welded connection are analysed based on structural stress method. The results show that, compared with other parameters, the thickness of deck brings the greatest impact on the structural stress at the concerned position, but does not change the fatigue failure mode. The fatigue mode of double-side welded connection is related to both internal and external weld size, and the external weld size should be controlled within a certain range relatively. For the basic structure analyzed, when the external weld size is 4mm, 6mm, 8mm and 10mm, the internal weld size shall not be less than 1.5mm, 1.5mm, 3mm and 4.5mm respectively.
TERRITORIAL FACTOR OF CONFLICT-GENEITY OF POLITICAL RELATIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN
Authors:   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Tarasov Ilya N. , Abdullayev Abas A. ,   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University
Published: November 2022

The article is concerned with a seemingly unnoticeable phenomenon of the regional political process in the Republic of Dagestan: territoriality. It would seem, that Russian and foreign researchers are aware of that characteristic of the North Caucasus regions. However, the factor of territoriality is often ignored not only in research, but also in real political practice. When it comes to the conflict-geneity of political relations, social, economic, and culturalhistorical factors come to the fore. They are indeed more voluminous in their content and impact than territoriality. The authors draw attention to the fact thatin the Dagestan reality territoriality is a link in the genesis of conflict. Atthe local level, diverse contradictions of a social, economic, and cultural-historical nature are tightly knotted. Guided by the principles of social-cultural approach and based on a broad interpretation of ethnoterritorial conflict, the authors show the importance of the territoriality factor not only for land relations in local ethnic territory and on their borders, but also for the content of regional policy in Dagestan in general. The article provides a retrospective of the main stages in the formation and reproduction of ethnoterritorial communities. Some cases of ethnoterritorial conflicts in recent years demonstrate the danger of underestimating the territoriality factor in local conflict management. The authors conclude that a scientifically substantiated federal policy of regional development in the North Caucasus must be developed, in which territoriality is understood as a central element of the state governance
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS. EVOLUTION OF PERCEPTIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Zhabrov Alexander V.
Published: November 2022

Thinkers have used the term «institute» for centuries. At the same time, there was no more or less clear and uniform definition of that category for a long time. Even today there are unsolved oppositions in the area, and the dynamics of ideas is very high. The article deals with the interpretation and operationalization of one of the main concepts of political science – «political institution». The relevance of the work is caused by insufficient methodological definiteness of the term in modern Russian political science. Such insufficiency makes it impossible to study the structure of the Russian political system and the process of its development and the issues that appear during the institutionalization of political life. The scientific novelty of the article can be traced in the establishment of general trends in evolution, the idea of institution and identification of the main steps of that process. The article considers and characterizes differences between the philosophical and scientific views on institutions. Base periods with their own specifics are also considered within each of them. It describes the influence that the basic approaches of classical political science (systematical, structural-functional, behavioral, etc.) had on the development of institutional research. The modern neo-institutional step of the development of ideas about institutions and the formation of a «new look» at it is considered separately and specifically. At the end of the article, the relevant definition of the main concept is provided.
AFRICAN VECTOR IN INDIA’S FOREIGN POLICY STRATEGY IN THE 21ST CENTURY (POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS)
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Medushevsky Nikolay A. , Pechishcheva Liudmila A. ,   Russian State University for the Humanities, Shishkina Alisa R. ,   Higher School of Economics
Published: November 2022

The research article is concerned with the mechanisms of cooperation between India and African countries in the latest historical period. The international support that India has provided to many African countries over the decades underscores the political commitment of the Indian leadership to speak on behalf of the nations of the global South. The government of Narendra Modi focuses on the common historical struggle of Indians and Africans against the colonial powers, as on the importance of developing cooperation in the politics, economy, energy, education, culture and humanitarian issues. The parties are interested in developing new approaches to environmental protection, and closely cooperate within the framework of the UN mechanism for sustainable development, actively participating in the formation and discussion of the climate agenda. Three successful Africa-India summits (in 2008, 2011 and 2015) showed a common interest in expanding the nature and areas of interaction. Moreover, India, experiencing an acute need for primary energy resources and minerals, sees in Africa not only a potential supplier of those resources, but also a capacious market for its products. In pursuit of all the interests mentioned, India, on the way of cooperation with African countries, often encounters the unpreparedness of African colleagues for direct dialogue, as well as opposition from other major players operating in the region. Among them, the UK and China play a key role. The authors come to the conclusion that at present India has a clear and comprehensive strategy for promoting its interests in Africa and considers the continent as a strategic one. At the same time, a large number of the variables associated with a specific process of interaction and regional development remain in the system of cooperation between India and African countries.