bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethics and Clinical Education
Authors: De Witt Patricia Ann
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the ethical concerns which were identified in a mixed methods study to determine the facilitators and barriers to quality clinical education on the clinical training platform of the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits).Ethical and professional behaviour concerns were extracted and analysed from focus groups and questionnaires that were used to collect data for the study. The ethical and professional behaviour concerns and responsibilities are discussed in terms of the clinical educators in their role as both clinicians and educators. Ethical and professional concerns and responsibilities are also highlighted in respect of students in their role as developing learners and professionals. How students learn ethical and professional behaviour is discussed as well as how a clinical educator should encourage these important clinical competencies which students tend to lear in an overt rather than covert manner. The paper also considers how in a service delivery placement where the focus is on clients' right to care, and the students' right to education may be overlooked and their professional learning compromised.  The importance of a sound clinical education-student relationship is cdetral to professional education and facilitation of reflective practice and clinical reasoning essential for the learning or ethical and professional behaviour.
Key words
Clinical education, professional and ethical behaviour
Spirituality in the Occupational Therapy Community Fieldwork Process: A qualitative study in the South African context
Authors: Mthembu Thuli Godfrey , Wegner Lisa , Roman Nicolette Vanessa
Published: February 2025

Background: Spirituality forms part of communities, is influenced by the environment and provides meaning and purpose to occupations. However, spirituality has been a controversial concept within the profession of occupational therapy and cause for much debate and a range of viewpoints among students and educators practising in communities. Yet, there has been limited research on spirituality in the community fieldwork process in a South African context.Methods: An exploratory-descriptive qualitative study was used to explore occupational therapy educators' and students' perceptions regarding spirituality in the community fieldwork process using focus group discussions which were thematically analysed.Results: Three themes emerged: students' exposure to spirituality in community settings, community development strategies and perceived enablers of spiritual occupations. The results indicated that community entry, asset-based community development and empowerment strategies of locality development seemed to assist students in exposure of spirituality in communities. These strategies enhanced students' understanding of the role of spiritual occupations in which community members collectively engage in order to improve their social participation and connectedness.Conclusions: The findings provided an understanding of and insight into spirituality in occupational therapy community fieldwork process. These findings may help us to understand the significance of experiential learning regarding spirituality in communities.
Street Vending in South Africa: An entrepreneurial occupation
Authors: Gamieldien Fadia , Van Niekerk Lana
Published: February 2025

Background: Not all occupations are undertaken entirely by choice. Numerous personal, cultural, economic and social factors influence participation in occupation. In low and middle-income countries, such as South Africa, disparate socio-economic factors might necessitate participation in occupations considered to be 'less desirable'. In this article the occupation of street vending is explored and discussed, with an emphasis on livelihood creation and the meaning and purpose derived from this occupation. Street vending is considered for its potential as a vocational occupation for people facing disabling conditions.
Methods: A collective case study was done comprising six participants who were selected through maximum variation sampling. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews and participant observation. Data analysis took the form of an inductive content analysis.
Results: Occupational therapists need a comprehensive understanding of occupations before making judgements about these, especially when such occupations are not considered mainstream. One such occupation, namely street vending, predominates in the informal economy of South Africa. Findings revealed that, despite hardships associated with this occupation, street vendors adapt to social, political and economic challenges in their context.
Recommendations: A comprehensive approach is needed when appraising the suitability of occupations; one that focuses on the transformative value of occupations in livelihood creation, rather than focusing narrowly on their therapeutic use or potential to contribute to personal meaning. Occupational therapists should adopt a multi-dimensional approach by considering vocational occupations within their social, cultural and political context, whilst keeping the functional requirement in mind and matching these dimensions with impairment or disability if prevalent.
 
Key words:  street vending; livelihood creation; informal economy; occupation; occupational justice
The incidence of sensory integration problems in a distinct sample of individuals with disorders characterised by symptoms of psychosis
Authors: Annandale Tharina Catharina , Van Jaarsveld Annamarie , Van Heerden Rita , Nel Riette
Published: February 2025

Background: Individuals with psychosis present with functional problems that impact negatively on their occupational performance. The framework of sensory integration provides for the assessment and treatment of occupational performance problems related to functions supported by the sensory systems.Methods: The prevalence of sensory integration problems of individuals with disorders characterised by symptoms of psychosis was investigated by using a descriptive study design. Forty-nine (49) adult individuals with symptoms of psychosis admitted to acute wards of a psychiatric institution in South Africa participated in the study. The sensory integration functions of the individuals were established using the Schroeder, Block and Campbell Adult Psychiatric Sensory Integration Evaluation (SBC).Results: The results indicated that the individuals with disorders characterised by symptoms of psychosis experienced sensory integration problems.Conclusion: The prevalence of sensory integration problems found in this study warrants further research with regards to the effect of sensory integration intervention on the mental health care user with disorders characterised by symptoms of psychosis.
Occupational Therapy intervention intoOsteoArthritis of the Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb in the South African context
Authors: Teuchert Robyn Michelle , De Klerk Susan , Kotzé Marianne , Nieuwoudt Hester Cecilia , Otero Manja , Van Zyl Nicola
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The carpometacarpal joint (CMCJ) plays a pivotal role in thumb function and essentially, hand function. Investigation concerning the most preferable occupational therapy treatment approach for osteoarthritis (OA) of the CMCJ was therefore indicated. Factors that affect the course of treatment in the South African context were to be identified.Â 
Methodology: A descriptive qualitative research design was implemented with a purposive sample of occupational therapists in the Western Cape. Semi-structured interviews were held. These were transcribed and analysed.
Results: A fixed treatment regimen was not followed by participants of the study. Factors contributing to the choice of treatment emerged from the data. These included the source of the referral, aspects of the OT process and the patient. Results demonstrated that it would not be practical to set up a rigid regimen, due to the diverse nature by which OA of the CMCJ presents in patients as well as the contributing factors participants reported to impact intervention.
Discussion:  The compilation of a basic guideline is proposed. Each phase of the occupational therapy process according to the stage of OA of the CMCJ should be included to provide meaningful intervention. A proposed guideline is presented based on the results of the study.
Disparities in Response to the All of Us Research Program COVID-19 Participant Experience (COPE) Survey
Authors: Zhao Sophia , Chen Zhuo
Published: February 2025

This study demonstrated the successful longitudinal recruitment of a large number of diverse participants to the COPE survey in a very short time, empowered by the All of Us Research Program, its infrastructure, and databases. Despite the disparity of response rates across demographic groups, the data collected in the COPE surveys will enable researchers to investigate how the pandemic differentially affects diverse populations and their health status across the United States. Additionally, the findings highlight the need for future research aimed at improving response rates among underrepresented groups, ensuring the All of Us Research Program achieves its goals of diversity and inclusivity in research.
Tropical Regions and the Concept of ‘International Medicine’- Measures that the Government Might Need to Take to Respond to Natural Disasters
Authors: Jeyatheepan Jeyaretnam
Published: February 2025

Insufficient supply and sanitation services affect the lives of billions of people in developing countries. The situation is exacerbated during natural disasters because existing infrastructure is destroyed and scarce resources are diverted to crisis management and subsequent reconstruction. By comparison, many developed countries have preventative measures in place to reduce the risk of damage as well as strategies and measures to mitigate the impact of the next disaster. In these situations, environmental health professionals from governmental and non-governmental organizations can play an important role in disaster prevention, mitigation, and response. Nevertheless, the success of environmental health programs depends on existing social inequalities. In many developing countries, the poorest and most vulnerable people already live in a situation of poor water supply and sanitation, which is exacerbated by natural disasters.
Proportionality Analysis and Non-refoulement Jurisprudence in India: A Comparative Approach
Authors: Ahmed Sabreen
Published: February 2025

India does not have an explicit refugee regime and most of the jurisprudence on refugee protection comes from the judgements. However, in the absence of law or explicit domestication of international refugee law, the Supreme Court of India (SCI) struggles with consistent interpretation of non-refoulement. Many scholars suggest the presence of non-refoulement as a substantive right under the Right to life in the Constitution of India (1950). However, it has not been consistently accepted. Significantly Art 21 allows limitation in the form of ‘procedure established by law’, to avail constitutional justification for limiting non-refoulement rights citing national security concerns. An analysis of the recent repatriation judgment of SC of India suggests the application of the Wednesbury-like approach which is aimed at finding a reasonable justification for the state’s action without getting into the ‘balancing mechanism’. This article adopts comparative, analytical and doctrinal methodology to examine how the Indian Judiciary can utilize the proportionality analysis in non-refoulement cases to attain better outcomes. Firstly, this article explains the concepts of Wednesbury and Proportionality Analysis rooted in European Jurisprudence and its application by the EctHR, the Inter-American System of Human Rights and the African Courts. In the absence of any consistent European and American scholarship, this article draws from the African court’s jurisprudence to understand how proportionality analysis is interpreted regionally and applied by national courts (Kenyan High Court) in non-refoulement cases. Finally, the article suggests that without any constitutional provision of limitation (like in Kenya), the Supreme Court of India needs to adopt the ‘rainbow of review’ approach in refoulement decisions to achieve better outcomes. This would allow the SC to make a gradual shift towards the proportionality analysis from the Wednesbury principle, depending on the criticality of human rights violation, without signalling a complete change in judicial attitude.
Formation of Environmental Taxation: Principles and Approaches
Authors: Filogin A. G.
Published: February 2025

Currently, environmental taxation is a recognized instrument of States’ environmental policy in their fight against climate change and in protecting the environment. The complexity of the tasks that States are facing in setting environmental taxes requires an analysis of macro and microeconomic indicators, as well as social consequences. The purpose of the paper is to study the implementation of the environmental taxation system. The paper examines the economic concepts of using taxes as a means of regulating the environmental sphere, determines the essence of environmental taxes and the principles of their organization. The paper analyzes various models and concepts of taxation, their advantages and disadvantages, determines the principles of building an environmental taxation system, and elucidates the ways to optimize the environmental tax system to achieve the best environmental and economic results. In addition, the author examines the potential obstacles faced by the State when introducing environmental taxation as an instrument of environmental regulation, taking into account the existing experience.
Gaps in the Regulatory Framework for Rehabilitation in Criminal Proceedings
Authors: Stelmakh V. Yu.
Published: February 2025

The paper states that civil and criminal procedural legislation regulating rehabilitation does not have a strict division into general and special norms and should be applied simultaneously and comprehensively. Despite the fact that civil legislation specifies the application of only two preventive measures as grounds for the emergence of the right to rehabilitation — detention and travel restriction order. This right arises in the event of the illegal selection of all preventive measures provided for by the criminal procedure law. Such a basis for rehabilitation as the use of coercive measures also applies to persons directly in relation to whom investigative actions were carried out that restricted personal rights. In the criminal procedure legislation of the Russian Federation, it is advisable to establish such a circumstance, which excludes rehabilitation, as self-incrimination of the accused (suspect). Partial termination of criminal prosecution entails the right to rehabilitation only if it concerns a separate episode of criminal activity that was originally incriminated to the person. A reduction in the scope of the charge within the framework of one fact may entail the emergence of the right to rehabilitation only on condition that the original charge, due to its gravity, entailed the occurrence of such legal consequences that, in principle, could not have occurred if the charge had been brought in a reduced scope.
Internet of Things: Forensic Aspects
Authors: Korin A. V.
Published: February 2025

The paper presents an overview of criminal threats in the field of exploitation of smart devices (IoT devices). Particular attention is given to the use of botnets of compromised smart devices to carry out DDoS attacks, distribute malware, mine cryptocurrency, and turn smart devices into proxy servers. The author examines the main factors that determine the vulnerability of smart devices. It is concluded that IoT devices are valuable sources of forensically significant information, primarily information about spatio-temporal factors. The possibility of using smart devices to counteract crime investigations was noted. The author draws attention to the advisability of involving a specialist to work with smart devices during investigative actions, since smart devices are carriers of digital traces. The importance of the preparatory stage in conducting investigative actions that involve working with smart devices is emphasized. An algorithm for the step-by-step verification of forensically significant information obtained from smart devices has been formulated.
Implications of Higher Mode Effects on Seismic Shear Demand of Eccentrically Braced Frames with Short Link Beam
Authors: Yildirim Ahmet Metin , Doran Bilge , Fahjan Yasin
Published: February 2025

The capacity design philosophy primarily focuses on limiting the seismic shear force that will affect the structural system and has been widely accepted in the structural earthquake engineering community. However, several sources in the literature indicate that there are still some problematic points in this design philosophy. The main problem is that the proposed solution in this philosophy considers the first fundamental mode of the structural system but overlooks the effects of higher modes. This problem may lead to increased seismic shear force demand that is attempted to be limited by the capacity design philosophy. A similar problem with cantilever walls was first identified in the mid-1970s, and several solutions, which consider both dynamic effects and capacity design principles, were proposed in the relevant literature. Regarding Eccentrically Braced Frames (EBFs) with short link beam, no specific study on the dynamic amplification of shear force demand has been observed in the literature. However, other studies in different contexts have alluded to the possibility of such a phenomenon in EBFs and other steel frames. This study focuses on the dynamic amplification of shear force demands and determines its range using incremental dynamic analysis and multi-modal pushover analyses. Consequently, it has been demonstrated that limiting the shear force demand of the system, as recommended by the capacity design principles in all steel structure design specifications, is not possible. The use of a dynamic amplification factor is suggested to address non-ductile failure modes and enhance structural reliability. In this context, the current study examines the previously mentioned issue for eccentrically braced frames with short link beam in 4-story and 8-story buildings, representing low-rise and mid-rise buildings respectively. As a result, the seismic shear demands for EBFs found in Incremental Dynamic Analysis are significantly higher than those calculated by using capacity design principles for both 4-story and 8-story buildings. Additionally, the results from Incremental Dynamic Analysis have been comparatively examined with multi-modal pushover analyses. The internal force demands for elements of EBFs, especially in braces, increased due to the higher base shear demands, excluding the link beam.
Extraction of Methylparaben and Propylparaben using Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Darraj Raneem , Haroun Mohammad , Abbod Ayat , Ghoraibi Ibrahim Al
Published: February 2025

Parabens, notably methylparaben (MP) and propylparaben (PP), are being extensively utilized as preservatives in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and personal care products because of their antimicrobial characteristics. Their widespread application and persistence in environmental systems have, however, raised important issues regarding human health and environmental stability, such as endocrine disruption and bioaccumulation. There is therefore a growing demand for the development of extraction methods that are efficient, selective, and environment-friendly for parabens. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were found to be useful materials for paraben extraction because they have a large surface area, simple functionalization procedures, and fast magnetic separation features. The current paper reviews the application of MNPs for the extraction and elimination of methylparaben (MP) and propylparaben (PP) from pharmaceutical and environmental samples. The review covers different functionalization procedures such as surfactant-coated MNPs and magnetic solid-phase extraction, detailing their efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability. The paper also mentions novel methods such as green magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers and syringe-to-syringe magnetic fluid phase microextraction. By comparative analysis of various MNP-based methodologies, this article tries to find the best approaches to paraben contamination mitigation and environmental safety enhancement.
Plant science: Pioneering sustainable solutions for global challenges
Authors: Hoque Mohammad Bellal , Oyshi Tanzim Hossain , Hannan Md. Abdul , Haque Papia , Rahman Md. Mostafizur , Jalil Mohammed Abdul
Published: February 2025

Plant science, a field that includes several disciplines, is vital for confronting global issues such as food safety, climate change, and the preservation of biodiversity. Plants serve as the cornerstone of terrestrial existence by governing ecosystems, producing food, and conserving carbon. The expanding worldwide population and global warming have increased the demand for sustainable farming techniques and adaptable crop varieties. Developments in plant physiological science, inheritance, and breeding, such as photosynthesis optimization and genomic selection, are changing agriculture. For instance, photosynthetic efficiency improvements have led to crop yield increases by up to 20% in wheat and rice varieties. Sustainable actions, such as agricultural ecology and precision agriculture, strike an equilibrium between profitability and the welfare of the environment. Additionally, the biological relationships between soil ecosystems, plants, and animals emphasize the significance of biodiversity to the longevity of ecosystems. These biological cycles have been disturbed by human activities, such as agriculture and deforestation, underscoring the necessity of conservation measures. Future developments in digital agriculture, climate-adaptable crops, and genetic modification will be essential for producing food in an environmentally friendly way. For example, CRISPR-based modifications have improved drought tolerance in maize, reducing water usage by 30%. This review emphasizes plant science’s essential function in ensuring a sustainable future for both ecological and agricultural systems, which is fueled by technology breakthroughs and sustainable practices.
Evaluation of products for Drosophila suzukii control and their impact on grape quality
Authors: Pavloušek Pavel , Svoboda Zdeněk , Flajšingerová Ivana
Published: February 2025

The pest Drosophila suzukii also causes significant damage to grapevine berries. Kaolin-based products and biostimulants were tested in an experiment to reduce the development of Drosophila suzukii and the development of sour rot, while the effect on grape quality parameters was also investigated. Surround, building kaolin, NovaFerm Orion, NovaFerm Sirius and Hycolat were tested on Riesling, Traminer and Palava varieties between 2023 and 2024. In terms of reducing damage to Drosophila suzukii berries, the most effective application was Surround (3%, 5%). Of the biostimulants, NovaFerm Orion and Hycolat were the most effective. The same products also showed good efficacy in point of reducing the development of sour rot. In view of the effect on grape quality parameters, the most significant negative impact was on pH values. Rheinriesling and Traminer showed an increase in pH values compared to the untreated control. pH is a very important parameter in the context of grape processing and fermentation.
An Inclusive Lens on Aid for Trade
Authors:   Institute of Development Studies, Saha Amrita , Quak Evert-jan , Turner Liz ,   Agulhas Applied Knowledge
Published: February 2025

In a rapidly evolving global trade and development landscape, addressing trade-related challenges through aid for trade (AfT) remains highly relevant. The World Trade Organization–Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development AfT Global Reviews increasingly mention sustainable development priorities. However, the benefits and costs generated by trade on different sectors, locations, and groups (e.g. workers, producers, marginalised, and vulnerable) remain hard to identify and track. To establish how AfT can benefit the poor and disadvantaged, socioeconomic enablers and barriers that affect development impacts must be assessed. This Policy Briefing provides a framing for an inclusive lens on AfT to enable more inclusive policy and programming.
DIGITIZATION OF ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION LEARNING IN ENHANCING STUDENT LEARNING MOTIVATION AT SMP NU SUNAN GIRI KEPANJEN
Authors: Muhammad Arif Nasruddin, Widiatul Fauziah  , Solihin
Published: February 2025

The widespread adoption of technological advancements today has brought changes to many aspects of society, including education. The Ministry of Education and Culture has sought to adjust teaching strategies to accommodate new technological advancements, such as internet usage. SMP NU Sunan Giri Kepanjen, which has implemented digital learning, follows these guidelines. This policy is developed with consideration for the latest technological advancements in the field of education, particularly in Islamic Religious Education. This study aims to assess the level of digitization in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning at SMP NU Sunan Giri Kepanjen; to examine student learning motivation in PAI classes at SMP NU Sunan Giri Kepanjen; and to identify the factors that facilitate or hinder the digitization of Islamic Religious Education learning at SMP NU Sunan Giri Kepanjen. The research method used in this study is descriptive qualitative, with data collected through documentation, in-depth interviews, and observation.
The research found that digitization in Islamic Religious Education learning can enhance students' motivation to learn. The digital tools used include educational videos and presentations using digital devices.
EXPLORING THE STUDENT TEACHERS’ DIGITAL LITERACY AND TEACHING CREATIVITY AT TADRIS BAHASA INGGRIS, FTK UIN MATARAM
Authors: Rahmat Hery , Jaelani
Published: February 2025

Teaching Practice Program (PPL) contributes to the development of professional teachers by educating and training the students in practice at schools. Though, some students still lack confidence and are perplexed when they teach in a real classroom setting. This study aims to find out the student teachers at Tadris Bahasa Inggris (TBI), FTK UIN Mataram Digital Literacy level, their Teaching Creativity, and the correlation between the two variables during the Teaching Practice Program. This research is a quantitative approach that used a descriptive correlational design with two variables namely Digital Literacy Level (X) and Teaching Creativity Index (Y). The population of this research is 122 student teachers of the sixth semester enrolled in the Teaching Practice (PPL) course program with 82 students as sample. The researchers use two-part questionnaires namely Digital Literacy scale suggested by Amin et al. (2021) with 27 items and Dikici & Soh's (2015) Creativity Fostering Teacher Behaviour Index (CFTIndex) with 28 items. The research found that (1) The student teachers’ Digital Literacy is 0.722 or 72.2 % or high Category; (2) The student teachers’ Creativity Teaching is 0.7203 or 72.03 % or high Category; and (3) There is a significant correlation between the Digital Literacy and Teaching Creativity at TBI, FTK, UIN Mataram. It is indicated that rtable > rcount (0.522 > 0.213) so that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. As it is compared to the coefficient of the interval from 0.40-0.599, the correlation has a level medium relationship.
Ta’liim Maharat Qira'at Al-Lughah Al-‘Arabiah An-Naatiqiina Bigairiha
Authors: Rahayu Farkhan , Warseto Andri , Suparmanto Suparmanto , Nurlaeli Wijayanti Hani
Published: February 2025

Islamic Boarding School Al-Iman for girls seeks to realize the reading skills of students through teaching Muthola'ah using the book “Al-Qiro'ah Arrosyidah” starting from second grade to sixth grade. For this reason, Islamic Boarding School Al-Iman for girls establishes standard methods and steps for teaching Muthola'ah for all grade levels, so that teachers can adapt the teaching and learning process to the goals set by the boarding school. This prompted researchers to further research the teaching Muthola'ah in second grade. This study aims to explain the teaching of reading skills for the second grade at the Islamic Boarding School Al-Iman for girls. The method used is a descriptive method by thoroughly explaining the teaching of reading skills at the Islamic Boarding School Al-Iman for girls.
Australia's Strategic Hedging in the Indo-Pacific: A Neoclassical Realist Analysis of RCEP and AUKUS
Authors: Rezza Syah
Published: February 2025

Hedging will continue to remain as the linchpin between Australia and China amidst this complex geopolitical environment of the Indo-Pacific. This paper delves into the details of this approach, namely Australia’s participation in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and the AUKUS pact, through neoclassical realism. The researcher reflects on how leadership styles and domestic political pressures influence the Australian approach towards China. Second, it explains the factors related to the increasing geopolitical role in the Indo-Pacific and how they affect Australian foreign policy. The study foregrounds the strategic rationale for Australia’s economic and security maneuvers, underlining leadership and internal dynamics in steering foreign policy. Examining the policy documents, speeches, and academic discourses of these policymakers uncovers the intricate calculations by Australia to attempt to reconcile its economic interests with security needs in a dynamic regional order. The study provides an in-depth view of leadership’s role in facing the trials and opportunities that arise due to China’s rise and furthering the deepening of the discourse on state behavior in international relations.
Keywords: Australia, China, RCEP, AUKUS, Neoclassical Realism
 
Hedging akan terus menjadi kunci utama antara Australia dan Tiongkok di tengah lingkungan geopolitik yang rumit di Indo-Pasifik. Tulisan ini membahas pendekatan tersebut secara rinci, yakni partisipasi Australia dalam Kemitraan Ekonomi Komprehensif Regional (RCEP) dan pakta AUKUS, dengan menggunakan sudut pandang realisme neoklasik. Penulis merefleksikan bagaimana gaya kepemimpinan dan tekanan politik dalam negeri berinteraksi untuk membentuk pendekatan Australia terhadap Tiongkok. Kedua, tulisan ini menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dengan peningkatan peran geopolitik di Indo-Pasifik dan pengaruh faktor-faktor tersebut terhadap kebijakan luar negeri Australia. Studi ini mengedepankan alasan strategis untuk manuver ekonomi dan keamanan Australia, menggarisbawahi kepemimpinan dan dinamika internal dalam mengarahkan kebijakan luar negeri. Kajian terhadap dokumen kebijakan, pidato, dan wacana akademis para pembuat kebijakan dapat digunakan untuk menelusuri perhitungan Australia yang rumit dalam penyesuaian kepentingan ekonominya dengan kebutuhan keamanan dalam dinamika tatanan regional. Penelitian ini memberikan pandangan mendalam tentang peran kepemimpinan dalam ketahanan dan menanggapi peluang yang muncul akibat kebangkitan Tiongkok sekaligus memajukan pendalaman diskursus tentang perilaku negara dalam hubungan internasional.
Kata-kata Kunci: Australia, Tiongkok, RCEP, AUKUS, Realisme Neoklasik
The Clash of Liberties: Religious Freedom, Human Rights, and the Ascendance of Christian Nationalism in the United States
Authors: Kusumawikan James William
Published: February 2025

The guarantee of religious freedom enshrined in the United States Constitution, intended to protect the diverse religious beliefs of its citizens, has inadvertently spawned unforeseen consequences. This article examines how the noble principle of religious freedom has intersected with the rise of Christian nationalism, posing a significant threat to democracy and human rights within the nation. Despite the Constitution's emphasis on individual liberties, the emergence of Christian nationalism has fueled a divisive narrative that privileges certain religious identities over others, thereby undermining the foundational principles of equality and pluralism. Through an analysis of historical contexts, legal frameworks, and contemporary socio-political dynamics, this article explores the complex interplay between religious freedom, human rights, and the encroachment of Christian nationalism on democratic norms. It sheds light on the challenges posed by this paradoxical situation and underscores the urgent need for safeguarding both religious freedom and human rights within the United States' democratic framework.
Keywords: Religious freedom, US Constitution, Christian nationalism, Democracy, Human rights, Pluralism, Socio-political dynamics.
Jaminan kebebasan beragama yang diabadikan dalam Konstitusi Amerika Serikat, yang dimaksudkan untuk melindungi beragam keyakinan agama warga negaranya, telah secara tidak sengaja menimbulkan konsekuensi yang tidak terduga. Artikel ini mengkaji bagaimana prinsip mulia kebebasan beragama telah bersinggungan dengan kebangkitan nasionalisme Kristen, yang menimbulkan ancaman signifikan terhadap demokrasi dan hak asasi manusia di dalam negara tersebut. Meskipun Konstitusi menekankan kebebasan individu, kemunculan nasionalisme Kristen telah memicu narasi yang memprivilesekan identitas agama tertentu di atas yang lain, sehingga merongrong prinsip-prinsip dasar kesetaraan dan pluralisme. Melalui analisis konteks historis, kerangka hukum, dan dinamika sosial-politik kontemporer, artikel ini mengeksplorasi interaksi kompleks antara kebebasan beragama, hak asasi manusia, dan merambahnya nasionalisme Kristen pada norma-norma demokrasi. Artikel ini mengeksplorasi tantangan yang ditimbulkan oleh situasi paradoksal yang ditimbulkan dan menekankan perlunya upaya yang mendesak untuk melindungi baik kebebasan beragama maupun hak asasi manusia dalam kerangka demokrasi Amerika Serikat.
Kata-kata Kunci: Kebebasan beragama, Konstitusi AS, Nasionalisme Kristen, Demokrasi, Hak asasi manusia, Pluralisme, Dinamika sosial-politik.
Analyzing The Easing of Japan’s Arms Disarmament Policy Between 2010-2020
Authors: Iswari Rani Dian , Musyaffa Nadhif Fadhlan
Published: February 2025

Arms disarmament policy is widely implemented among countries in the world, especially after the Cold War era. On the other hand, the Japanese Government's policy in easing disarmament arms policy has become a new 'way' in Japan's military ideology since its loss in World War II and was forced to implement pacifism. This study uses the defensive realism theory to explain why Japan eased its arms disarmament policy from 2010 to 2020 under three prime ministers. This research was conducted using qualitative methods using primary data from ministries and departments of Japan and secondary data from scientific journals, books, theses, newspaper articles, and websites. The study results show that easing Japan's disarmament policy is a form of action to maintain the balance of power, especially to balance the aggressiveness of the People's Republic of China (China) and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) in terms of military.
Keywords: balance of power, Japan's arms disarmament policy, Japan’ military, policy loosening/easing
Kebijakan perlucutan senjata banyak diterapkan oleh negara-negara di dunia, terutama setelah era Perang Dingin. Di sisi lain, kebijakan Pemerintah Jepang dalam melonggarkan kebijakan perlucutan senjata menjadi 'cara' baru dalam ideologi militer Jepang sejak kekalahannya dalam Perang Dunia II dan terpaksa menerapkan pasifisme. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori realisme defensif untuk menjelaskan mengapa Jepang melonggarkan kebijakan perlucutan senjatanya pada tahun 2010 hingga 2020 di bawah tiga perdana menteri. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan data primer dari kementerian dan departemen di Jepang dan data sekunder dari jurnal ilmiah, buku, tesis, artikel surat kabar, dan website. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pelonggaran kebijakan perlucutan senjata Jepang merupakan salah satu bentuk tindakan untuk menjaga keseimbangan kekuatan, terutama untuk menyeimbangkan agresivitas negara Republik Rakyat Tiongkok (Tiongkok) dan Republik Demokratik Rakyat Korea (Korea Utara) dalam hal militer.
Kata-kata Kunci: keseimbangan kekuatan, kebijakan perlucutan senjata Jepang, militer Jepang, pelonggaran kebijakan
Novel approaches in peripheral nerve repair: a review of current and emerging therapies
Authors: Lee Jason C. , Trott Skylar , Wax Mark K.
Published: February 2025

The peripheral nervous system is a complex anatomical structure essential for the normal functioning of the human body. Defects in peripheral nerves can lead to significant morbidity and a marked decline in quality of life. These defects may arise iatrogenically, from trauma, or as a result of degeneration. Among these, head and neck surgeons most frequently encounter nerve damage or sacrifice during surgical procedures. In the treatment of head and neck cancer, nerve resection - whether complete or partial - is often necessary, compromising the nerve’s anatomic and functional integrity. Despite advances in treatment, a well-defined, universally accepted paradigm for the functional rehabilitation of patients with sensory or motor deficits remains elusive. This review summarizes recent breakthroughs in peripheral nerve repair, highlights novel repair strategies, and identifies critical gaps that must be addressed to advance the field.
Towards practical all-solid-state batteries: structural engineering innovations for sulfide-based solid electrolytes
Authors: Roh Jihun , Do Namgyu , Lee Hyungjin , Lee Sangki , Pyun Jangwook , Hong Seung-Tae , Chae Munseok S.
Published: February 2025

Sulfide-based solid electrolytes have emerged as pivotal components for the advancement of next-generation all-solid-state batteries, owing to the battery safety and higher energy density. This paper reviews the recent material innovations in sulfide-based solid electrolytes, focusing on enhancing their ionic conductivities based on an understanding of their crystal structures. Through a comprehensive analysis of current research trends and future perspectives, this review aims to provide a roadmap for the development of more robust and efficient sulfide-based solid electrolytes, which contribute to the realization of safer and higher-performance all-solid-state batteries.
The oncobiome; what, so what, now what?
Authors: Abbas Munawar , Tangney Mark
Published: February 2025

Microbial communities inhabiting various body sites play critical roles in the initiation, progression, and treatment of cancer. The gut microbiota, a highly diverse microbial ecosystem, interacts with immune cells to modulate inflammation and immune surveillance, influencing cancer risk and therapeutic outcomes. Local tissue microbiota may impact the transition from premalignant states to malignancy. Characterization of the intratumoral microbiota increasingly reveals distinct microbiomes that may influence tumor growth, immune responses, and treatment efficacy. Various bacteria species have been reported to modulate cancer therapies through mechanisms such as altering drug metabolism and shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME). For instance, gut or intratumoral bacterial enzymatic activity can convert prodrugs into active forms, enhancing therapeutic effects or, conversely, inactivating small-molecule chemotherapeutics. Specific bacterial species have also been linked to improved responses to immunotherapy, underscoring the microbiome’s role in treatment outcomes. Furthermore, unique microbial signatures in cancer patients, compared with healthy individuals, demonstrate the diagnostic potential of microbiota. Beyond the gut, tumor-associated and local microbiomes also affect therapy by influencing inflammation, tumor progression, and drug resistance. This review explores the multifaceted relationships between microbiomes and cancer, focusing on their roles in modulating the TME, immune activation, and treatment efficacy. The diagnostic and therapeutic potential of bacterial members of microbiota represents a promising avenue for advancing precision oncology and improving patient outcomes. By leveraging microbial biomarkers and interventions, new strategies can be developed to optimize cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Understanding turnover intention in Gen Z: Servant leadership and ethical climate in organization
Authors: Putri Safira Dwi Tyas , Salendu Alice , Pahlawan Aditya Wira
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the relationship between servant leadership and turnover intention among Generation Z employees in Indonesia, focusing on the mediating role of principled ethical climate and the moderating role of interpersonal justice. A cross-sectional quantitative approach was employed, collecting data from 317 Gen Z employees with at least one year of direct supervision. Data were analyzed using the Hayes PROCESS Model. The findings reveal that servant leadership directly negatively affects turnover intention, emphasizing its effectiveness in reducing employees’ desire to leave the organization. However, servant leadership also positively influences a principled ethical climate, significantly increasing turnover intention. This highlights a dual effect: while servant leadership can enhance retention, it also fosters a principled ethical environment that may be perceived as restrictive by Gen Z employees, who prioritize flexibility, leading to higher turnover intention. Interpersonal justice significantly moderates the relationship between servant leadership and a principled ethical climate. High levels of interpersonal justice weaken the positive influence of servant leadership on a principled ethical environment. Nevertheless, the indirect effect of interpersonal justice on turnover intention is insignificant, indicating that its role primarily impacts organizational climate rather than directly influencing turnover intention. This study contributes to the literature by elucidating the complex interplay between servant leadership, ethical climate, and justice in the Gen Z workforce. Practically, organizations are encouraged to adopt servant leadership styles while promoting a flexible and equitable culture to retain Gen Z talent. Future research could use longitudinal or cross-cultural approaches to explore these dynamics further.
Introducing the Effective Gravitational Constant 4πε0G
Authors: Christodoulou Dimitris M. , Kazanas Demosthenes
Published: February 2025

The gravitational and electrostatic fields are both conservative fields, thus their forces exhibit similar forms. But there are also differences best seen in Gauss's law, where the sources of these fields are leveraged by the vacuum differently: the source of gravity is enhanced by a modest factor of $4\pi$, whereas the Coulomb source is strongly amplified by a factor of $\sim\!\! 10^{11}$. Discontented by such vexing disparities, we cast Newton's gravitational law and Coulomb's law in the same form that allows for categorical comparisons. The conformity of these force laws suggests that the effective universal gravitational constant is $4\pi\varepsilon_0 G$, where $\varepsilon_0$ is the vacuum permittivity and $G$ is the Newtonian gravitational constant. Furthermore, there is no need for adopting an equivalence principle. The numerical value of $4\pi\varepsilon_0 G$ appears also in the deep limit of MOND and in varying-$G$ gravity, where it specifies (apart from units) the magnitude of the mysterious constant $\mathcal{A}_0$, the only constant in such theories besides their gravitationally interacting masses. The same methodology also offers self-consistent definitions and insightful clarifications concerning dimensionless constants in general and some particular fundamental constants of cosmology and particle physics.
Beyond Curcumin: Highlighting the Potential of Ayurvedic Medicinal Flora in Cancer Research
Authors: Ramakrishnan Bhuvanasree
Published: February 2025

Conventional cancer therapies pose a toxicity risk to healthy cells, which leads to severe physical and physiological changes in both cancer patients and survivors. These treatments, in combination with phytochemicals, have been found to exhibit minimal side effects and additional anti-oxidant effects. The Indian state of Kerala is well known for its Ayurvedic history and harbors medicinal flora whose phytochemicals have been broadly studied for their anticancer properties. Prompt advancements in preclinical and clinical studies surrounding the bioavailability and stability of bioactive compounds are essential to incorporating phytotherapy into cancer treatment. This review delves into a few rarely discussed yet promising medicinal plants found in Kerala, presenting existing evidence of their anticancer properties, mainly focusing on their phytoconstituents.
Mlulti-Scale Temporal Integration for Enhanced Greenhouse Gas Forecasting: Advancing Climate Sustainability
Authors: Wang Haozhe , Mei Yuqi , Ren Jingxuan , Zhu Xiaoxu , Qian Zhong
Published: February 2025

Accurate forecasting of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations is crucial for climate policy evaluation, mitigation strategy formulation, and global sustainable development. Precise predictions of GHG concentrations provide early warnings of critical climate thresholds, enabling proactive policy adjustments, sustainable industrial transitions, and timely societal actions to ensure long-term ecological security and the well-being of future generations. Current modeling approaches face challenges in capturing multi-scale temporal patterns in GHG data, with traditional methods like Global Circulation Models (GCMs) and conventional machine learning models limited in simulating long-term variations and multi-scale patterns. To address these limitations, this study proposes MGGTSP, a novel multi-encoder framework that integrates daily and monthly data using an Input Attention encoder, an Autoformer encoder, and a Temporal Attention mechanism. Evaluated on NOAA datasets from Mauna Loa, Barrow, American Samoa, and Antarctica over five decades, MGGTSP outperforms 14 baseline models, achieving an R² of 0.9627 and a MAPE of 1.47%, demonstrating exceptional predictive accuracy. In multi-step forecasting, it shows only a 3.3% reduction in R² over ten steps, significantly outperforming Transformer-based models in separating short-term fluctuations from long-term trends. This research provides a robust tool for cross-scale climate prediction and policy formulation, enabling precise climate policy targeting, low-carbon transitions, sustainable resource use, and enhanced ecosystem resilience. It also advances the understanding of multi-scale data processing in climate science, supporting informed decision-making for sustainable development initiatives.
Education in the World of AI
Authors: Asperis Robert
Published: February 2025

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education has transformed traditional teaching and learning methods, providing more personalized and efficient learning experiences. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into education has been a focal point of recent research, revealing both promising advancements and notable challenges. This review seeks to determine the effects of AI on education. Despite the promising potential of AI in education, challenges such as data privacy, digital literacy, and teacher preparedness remain significant concerns. Many educators struggle to adapt to AI-driven technologies due to a lack of training, while some students face barriers to accessing AI-powered tools due to economic and infrastructural limitations. Addressing these issues requires collaboration between policymakers, educational institutions, and technology developers to create inclusive AI solutions that benefit all learners, regardless of their socioeconomic background. By implementing these recommendations, education systems can harness the power of AI while upholding the fundamental values of inclusivity, ethics, and human-centered learning.