bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antecedents of Job Satisfaction in Saudi Arabia: Impact of Industrial Sector
Authors: Alzalabani Abdulmonem Hamdan
Published: October 2017

The exhaustive effort of Government of Saudi Arabia to standardize HRM practices across different industrial sectors in the Kingdom is expected to enhance the participation of its nationals in private sectors including SME’s. This study is an effort to understand the perceived level of job satisfaction, job stress, work place violence and role clarity after the enforcement of “Nitagat” program and various amendments in the present law to promote employee well being and employee participation in order to enhance job satisfaction.The study reports a moderately better level of job satisfaction across all respondents but constrained by industry type. In spite of the best efforts of competent authorities to ensure better work environment by amending and designing regulations a significant higher job stress and work place violence is reported in private sector as compared to public sector which has fared better scores on Role clarity and lower scores on work place violence and job stress. As demonstrated through Structural equation model, the relations between job stress, role clarity and work place violence across industry sector (public vs private) further implying that key practices pertaining to HRM still remain a concern to be addressed.
Learning performance and brain structure of artificially-reared honey bees fed with different quantities of food
Authors: Steijven Karin , Spaethe Johannes , Steffan-Dewenter Ingolf , Härtel Stephan
Published: October 2017

Background

Artificial rearing of honey bee larvae is an established method which enables to fully standardize the rearing environment and to manipulate the supplied diet to the brood. However, there are no studies which compare learning performance or neuroanatomic differences of artificially-reared (in-lab) bees in comparison with their in-hive reared counterparts.

Methods

Here we tested how different quantities of food during larval development affect body size, brain morphology and learning ability of adult honey bees. We used in-lab rearing to be able to manipulate the total quantity of food consumed during larval development. After hatching, a subset of the bees was taken for which we made 3D reconstructions of the brains using confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Learning ability and memory formation of the remaining bees was tested in a differential olfactory conditioning experiment. Finally, we evaluated how bees reared with different quantities of artificial diet compared to in-hive reared bees.

Results

Thorax and head size of in-lab reared honey bees, when fed the standard diet of 160 µl or less, were slightly smaller than hive bees. The brain structure analyses showed that artificially reared bees had smaller mushroom body (MB) lateral calyces than their in-hive counterparts, independently of the quantity of food they received. However, they showed the same total brain size and the same associative learning ability as in-hive reared bees. In terms of mid-term memory, but not early long-term memory, they performed even better than the in-hive control.

Discussion

We have demonstrated that bees that are reared artificially (according to the Aupinel protocol) and kept in lab-conditions perform the same or even better than their in-hive sisters in an olfactory conditioning experiment even though their lateral calyces were consistently smaller at emergence. The applied combination of experimental manipulation during the larval phase plus subsequent behavioral and neuro-anatomic analyses is a powerful tool for basic and applied honey bee research.
Self-efficacy, relationship satisfaction, and social support: the quality of life of maternal caregivers of children with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Thorsteinsson Einar B. , Loi Natasha M. , Rayner Kylie
Published: October 2017

Objectives

To examine maternal functioning and wellbeing as important aspects of a family’s adaptation to chronic paediatric conditions, in particular, children with diabetes.

Method

This cross-sectional study investigated the difference between the perceived quality of life of mothers of children with diabetes (n = 63) and mothers of children without diabetes (n = 114). The study also examined the role of self-efficacy, relationship satisfaction, number of social support providers, and satisfaction with social support in predicting quality of life.

Results

Mothers who had a child with diabetes had lower quality of life measured by general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, and mental health than mothers that did not have a child with diabetes. Self-efficacy, relationship satisfaction, and social support were significant predictors of quality of life (mental health domain).

Conclusion

In order to enhance their psychological wellbeing, mothers of children with diabetes require adequate psychosocial support. Other implications for research and potential interventions are discussed.
Attributing Changing Rates of Temperature Record Breaking to Anthropogenic Influences
Authors: King Andrew D.
Published: October 2017

Record‐breaking temperatures attract attention from the media, so understanding how and why the rate of record breaking is changing may be useful in communicating the effects of climate change. A simple methodology designed for estimating the anthropogenic influence on rates of record breaking in a given time series is proposed here. The frequency of hot and cold record‐breaking temperature occurrences is shown to be changing due to the anthropogenic influence on the climate. Using ensembles of model simulations with and without human‐induced forcings, it is demonstrated that the effect of climate change on global record‐breaking temperatures can be detected as far back as the 1930s. On local scales, a climate change signal is detected more recently at most locations. The anthropogenic influence on the increased occurrence of hot record‐breaking temperatures is clearer than it is for the decreased occurrence of cold records. The approach proposed here could be applied in rapid attribution studies of record extremes to quantify the influence of climate change on the rate of record breaking in addition to the climate anomaly being studied. This application is demonstrated for the global temperature record of 2016 and the Central England temperature record in 2014.
Mass and Energy Transfer Across the Earth's Magnetopause Caused by Vortex‐Induced Reconnection
Authors: Nakamura T. K. M. , Eriksson S. , Hasegawa H. , Zenitani S. , Li W. Y. , Genestreti K. J. , Nakamura R. , Daughton W.
Published: October 2017

When the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is strongly northward, a boundary layer that contains a considerable amount of plasma of magnetosheath origin is often observed along and earthward of the low‐latitude magnetopause. Such a preexisting boundary layer, with a higher density than observed in the adjacent magnetosphere, reduces the local Alfvén speed and allows the Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) instability to grow more strongly. We employ a three‐dimensional fully kinetic simulation to model an event observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission in which the spacecraft detected substantial KH waves between a preexisting boundary layer and the magnetosheath during strong northward IMF. Initial results of this simulation have successfully demonstrated ion‐scale signatures of magnetic reconnection induced by the nonlinearly developed KH vortex, which are quantitatively consistent with MMS observations. We further quantify the simulated mass and energy transfer processes driven by this vortex‐induced reconnection (VIR) and show that during this particular MMS event, (i) mass enters a new mixing layer formed by the VIR more efficiently from the preexisting boundary layer side than from the magnetosheath side, (ii) mixed plasmas within the new mixing layer convect tailward along the magnetopause at more than half the magnetosheath flow speed, and (iii) energy dissipation in localized VIR dissipation regions results in a strong parallel electron heating within the mixing layer. The quantitative agreements between the simulation and MMS observations allow new predictions that elucidate how the mass and energy transfer processes occur near the magnetopause during strong northward IMF.
Asymmetric Tunable Photonic Bandgaps in Self‐Organized 3D Nanostructure of Polymer‐Stabilized Blue Phase I Modulated by Voltage Polarity
Authors: Wang Meng , Zou Cheng , Sun Jian , Zhang Lanying , Wang Ling , Xiao Jiumei , Li Fasheng , Song Ping , Yang Huai
Published: October 2017

Electrically responsive photonic crystals represent one of the most promising intelligent materials for technological applications in optoelectronics. In this research, a polymer‐stabilized blue phase (PSBP) I film with the self‐organized 3D nanostructure is fabricated, and an electrically tunable photonic bandgap (PBG) is achieved. Interestingly, the large‐scale shift of the PBG covering the entire visible spectrum is found to be asymmetric and can be modulated by the polarity and magnitude of bias voltage. Moreover, to demonstrate the usability in optical devices, blue phase lasers are developed by doping the PSBP material with fluorescent dyes. And mirrorless lasing emission with electrically tunable wavelength is observed. This self‐assembled soft material is prospective to produce large‐scale electrically responsive photonic crystals in facile fabrication process and has enormous potential applications in intelligent optoelectronic devices, such as 3D tunable lasers, reflective full‐color displays, or photonic integrated circuits.
Ultrathin 2D GeSe2 Rhombic Flakes with High Anisotropy Realized by Van der Waals Epitaxy
Authors: Zhou Xing , Hu Xiaozong , Zhou Shasha , Zhang Qi , Li Huiqiao , Zhai Tianyou
Published: October 2017

As a layered p‐type semiconductor with a wide bandgap of 2.7 eV, GeSe2 can compensate for the rarity of p‐type semiconductors, which are desired for the production of high‐integration logic circuits with low power consumption. Herein, ultrathin 2D single crystals of β‐GeSe2 are produced using van der Waals epitaxy and halide assistance; each crystalline flake is ≈7 nm thick and shaped as a rhombus. The optical and electrical properties of the flakes are studied systematically, and the temperature‐dependent Raman spectra of the flakes reveal that the intensity of the Raman peaks decrease with increasing temperature. Low‐temperature electrical measurements suggest that the variable‐range hopping model is best for describing the electrical transport at 20–180 K; meanwhile, optical‐phonon‐assisted hopping can account for the transport behavior at 180–460 K. Impressively, the angle‐resolved polarized Raman measurements indicate strong in‐plane anisotropy of the rhombic GeSe2 flake under a parallel polarization configuration, which may result from the low symmetry of the monoclinic crystal structure of GeSe2. Furthermore, a photodetector based on a rhombic GeSe2 flake is constructed and shown to exhibit a high responsivity of 2.5 A W−1 and a fast response of ≈0.2 s.
Designification of Neurotechnological Devices through 3D Printed Functional Materials
Authors: Castro Nathan J. , Hutmacher Dietmar W.
Published: October 2017

Neurotechnology as a research area can be defined as the convergence of neuroscience and tissue engineering/regenerative medicine. Through directed global initiatives concentrated on a better understanding of the human brain, an exponential rise in innovative functional biomaterials for the symbiotic integration of man and machine has risen. Unfortunately, neurotechnology as with other disruptive technologies faces the daunting path of traversing the broad chasm between the bench (development of technology) and the bedside (application of technology). Clinical translation of medical devices intended to assess, monitor, and treat sensorimotor injuries must address a selection of design and functional constraints which are cost limiting from a traditional manufacturing perspective. As a highly versatile technology, 3D printing in combination with advanced functional materials can be used to manufacture scaffolds for tissue engineering the neural‐prosthesis interface as well as devices with predesigned capabilities of integrating spatial and temporal data sets usable in a diagnostic and therapeutic context. Therefore, recent neurotechnological advancements will be discussed in the realm of 3D printed functional materials (>2013) with a focus on their potential for clinical translation.
Toward Bioelectronic Nanomaterials: Photoconductivity in Protein–Porphyrin Hybrids Wrapped around SWCNT
Authors: López‐Andarias Javier , Mejías Sara H. , Sakurai Tsuneaki , Matsuda Wakana , Seki Shu , Feixas Ferran , Osuna Sílvia , Atienza Carmen , Martín Nazario , Cortajarena Aitziber L.
Published: October 2017

The development of sophisticated ordered functional materials is one of the important challenges in current science. One of the keys to enhance the properties of these materials is the control of the organization and morphology at different scales. This work presents a novel bioinspired methodology to achieve highly ordered donor/acceptor bio‐nanohybrids using a designed repeat protein as scaffold, endowed with photoactive and electron donating porphyrin (P) units, to efficiently wrap around electron accepting single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). A systematic experimental and theoretical study to evaluate the effect of the length of the protein reveals that longer proteins wrap around the SWCNT in a more efficient manner due to the stronger supramolecular interaction existing between the inner concave surface of the protein (namely Trp and His residues) and the convex surface of the (7,6)‐SWCNT. Interestingly, spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction data further confirm that the so‐called protein‐P–SWCNT donor–acceptor bio‐nanohybrids retain the original protein structure. Finally, the new bio‐nanohybrids show a remarkable enhancement on the photoconductivity values by flash‐photolysis microwave conductivity (FP‐TRMC technique) demonstrating that the major charge carriers of electrons are injected into the SWCNTs and move along the 1D‐structures.
Biomolecule‐Responsive Hydrogels in Medicine
Authors: Sharifzadeh Ghorbanali , Hosseinkhani Hossein
Published: October 2017

Recent advances and applications of biomolecule‐responsive hydrogels, namely, glucose‐responsive hydrogels, protein‐responsive hydrogels, and nucleic‐acid‐responsive hydrogels are highlighted. However, achieving the ultimate purpose of using biomolecule‐responsive hydrogels in preclinical and clinical areas is still at the very early stage and calls for more novel designing concepts and advance ideas. On the way toward the real/clinical application of biomolecule‐responsive hydrogels, plenty of factors should be extensively studied and examined under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. For example, biocompatibility, biointegration, and toxicity of biomolecule‐responsive hydrogels should be carefully evaluated. From the living body's point of view, biocompatibility is seriously depended on the interactions at the tissue/polymer interface. These interactions are influenced by physical nature, chemical structure, surface properties, and degradation of the materials. In addition, the developments of advanced hydrogels with tunable biological and mechanical properties which cause no/low side effects are of great importance.
Progress and Opportunities in Soft Photonics and Biologically Inspired Optics
Authors: Kolle Mathias , Lee Seungwoo
Published: October 2017

Optical components made fully or partially from reconfigurable, stimuli‐responsive, soft solids or fluids—collectively referred to as soft photonics—are poised to form the platform for tunable optical devices with unprecedented functionality and performance characteristics. Currently, however, soft solid and fluid material systems still represent an underutilized class of materials in the optical engineers' toolbox. This is in part due to challenges in fabrication, integration, and structural control on the nano‐ and microscale associated with the application of soft components in optics. These challenges might be addressed with the help of a resourceful ally: nature. Organisms from many different phyla have evolved an impressive arsenal of light manipulation strategies that rely on the ability to generate and dynamically reconfigure hierarchically structured, complex optical material designs, often involving soft or fluid components. A comprehensive understanding of design concepts, structure formation principles, material integration, and control mechanisms employed in biological photonic systems will allow this study to challenge current paradigms in optical technology. This review provides an overview of recent developments in the fields of soft photonics and biologically inspired optics, emphasizes the ties between the two fields, and outlines future opportunities that result from advancements in soft and bioinspired photonics.
High‐Performance Nanocomposites Inspired by Nature
Authors: Peng Jingsong , Cheng Qunfeng
Published: October 2017

Natural materials, including nacre, bone, and the lobster cuticle, exhibit excellent mechanical properties, combining high strength and toughness. Such materials have the added benefit of being light in weight. These advantageous features are due to such natural materials' orderly hierarchical architectures and abundant interface interactions. How to utilize these design principles created by nature to fabricate high‐performance bioinspired nanocomposites remains a great research challenge. A logical roadmap for developing these nanocomposites can be described as “discovery, invention, and creation.” Here, the discovery of the relationship between natural materials' design principles and such materials' extraordinary mechanical properties is discussed. Then, the invention of bioinspired strategies for mimicking natural materials is considered and representative strategies addressed. Next, the creation of multifunctional nanocomposites is discussed and bioinspired nanocomposites, including fiber nanocomposites, 2D film nanocomposites, and 3D bulk nanocomposites reviewed. Finally, a perspective and outlook for future directions in making bioinspired nanocomposites is provided to offer inspiration to the community and a clear vision for future research.
Electric‐Field‐Controlled Phase Transformation in WO3 Thin Films through Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wang Meng , Shen Shengchun , Ni Jinyang , Lu Nianpeng , Li Zhuolu , Li Hao‐Bo , Yang Shuzhen , Chen Tianzhe , Guo Jingwen , Wang Yujia , Xiang Hongjun , Yu Pu
Published: October 2017

Field‐effect transistors with ionic‐liquid gating (ILG) have been widely employed and have led to numerous intriguing phenomena in the last decade, due to the associated excellent carrier‐density tunability. However, the role of the electrochemical effect during ILG has become a heavily debated topic recently. Herein, using ILG, a field‐induced insulator‐to‐metal transition is achieved in WO3 thin films with the emergence of structural transformations of the whole films. The subsequent secondary‐ion mass spectrometry study provides solid evidence that electrochemically driven hydrogen evolution dominates the discovered electrical and structural transformation through surface absorption and bulk intercalation.
A Supramolecular Nanocomposite as a Near‐Infrared‐Transmitting Optical Filter for Security and Forensic Applications
Authors: Ghosh Samrat , Cherumukkil Sandeep , Suresh Cherumuttathu H. , Ajayaghosh Ayyappanpillai
Published: October 2017

Visibly opaque but near‐infrared (NIR)‐transparent materials are an essential component for night‐vision photography, security imaging, and forensic applications. Herein, the development of a novel supramolecular black dye from a diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)‐based low‐molecular‐weight organogelator is described. In the solution state, the monomer of DPP–Amide exhibits a deep green color with a broad absorption in the visible region due to firm intramolecular charge transfer from the donor to the acceptor unit. Interestingly, due to the synergistic effect of H‐bonding and π‐stacking, DPP–Amide can form a black organogel in toluene with complete spectral coverage from 300 to 800 nm, and transmits beyond 850 nm. In the gel state, complete visible‐spectrum coverage is achieved due to the simultaneous formation of both H‐ and J‐type aggregates, which is confirmed via absorption studies. To create a free‐standing NIR‐transmitting elastomeric black filter, nanoscopic molecular aggregates of DPP–Amide (0.15 wt%) are embedded into a poly(dimethylsiloxane) matrix. This nanocomposite possesses high NIR transparency with good thermal and photostability for practical applications. Finally, the use of the developed material for NIR photography, security, and forensic‐related applications is demonstrated.
Understanding the SEI Formation at Pristine Li‐Ion Cathodes: Chemisorption and Reaction of DEC on LiCoO2 Surfaces Studied by a Combined SXPS/HREELS Approach
Authors: Späth Thomas , Becker Dirk , Schulz Natalia , Hausbrand René , Jaegermann Wolfram
Published: October 2017

Reactions and solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation at electrode–electrolyte interfaces are crucial for the stability and performance of Li‐ion batteries, but are still not fully understood on a fundamental level. For improving battery properties, a detailed understanding of these degradation processes is needed. In this contribution, the interface formation between a thin film LiCoO2 cathode material and diethyl carbonate (DEC) as typical battery electrolyte solvent is presented. A surface‐science approach is used performing a stepwise adsorption of DEC onto LiCoO2 at low temperatures. The interface is studied after each step by synchrotron‐based X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (SXPS) and high‐resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the decomposition of carbonate solvents in contact with fully lithiated cathode materials as observed in adsorption experiments is complex, including the reduction of solvent, subsequent decomposition reactions, and also catalytic effects. In the present case, lithium ethyl carbonate, lithium ethoxide, and lithium oxides are assigned as reaction products. The spectra provide indications for partial electron transfer coupled to covalent interaction involving surface oxygen O2p orbital and DEC lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) states.
Solar‐to‐Hydrogen Energy Conversion Based on Water Splitting
Authors: Qi Jing , Zhang Wei , Cao Rui
Published: October 2017

Artificial photosynthesis provides a blueprint to harvest solar energy to sustain the future energy demands. Solar‐driven water splitting, converting solar energy into hydrogen energy, is the prototype of photosynthesis. Various systems have been designed and evaluated to understand the reaction pathways and/or to meet the requirements of potential applications. In solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion, electrocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions are key research areas that are meaningful both theoretically and practically. To utilize hydrogen energy, fuel cell technology has been extensively investigated because of its high efficiency in releasing chemical energy. In this review, general concepts of the photosynthesis in green plants are discussed, different strategies for the light‐driven water splitting proposed in laboratories are introduced, the progress of electrocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions are reviewed, and finally, the reactions in hydrogen fuel cells are briefly discussed. Overall, the mass and energy circulation in the solar‐hydrogen‐electricity circle are delineated. The authors conclude that attention from scientists and engineers of relevant research areas is still highly needed to eliminate the wide disparity between the aspirations and realities of artificial photosynthesis.
A recessive ataxia diagnosis algorithm for the next generation sequencing era
Authors: Renaud Mathilde , Tranchant Christine , Martin Juan Vicente Torres , Mochel Fanny , Synofzik Matthis , van de Warrenburg Bart , Pandolfo Massimo , Koenig Michel , Kolb Stefan A. , Anheim Mathieu ,   the RADIAL Working Group
Published: October 2017

Objective

Differential diagnosis of autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias can be challenging. A ranking algorithm named RADIAL that predicts the molecular diagnosis based on the clinical phenotype of a patient has been developed to guide genetic testing and to align genetic findings with the clinical context.

Methods

An algorithm that follows clinical practice, including patient history, clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, electromyography, and biomarker features, was developed following a review of the literature on 67 autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias and personal clinical experience. Frequency and specificity of each feature were defined for each autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia, and corresponding prediction scores were assigned. Clinical and paraclinical features of patients are entered into the algorithm, and a patient's total score for each autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia is calculated, producing a ranking of possible diagnoses. Sensitivity and specificity of the algorithm were assessed by blinded analysis of a multinational cohort of 834 patients with molecularly confirmed autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia. The performance of the algorithm was assessed versus a blinded panel of autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia experts.

Results

The correct diagnosis was ranked within the top 3 highest‐scoring diagnoses at a sensitivity and specificity of >90% for 84% and 91% of the evaluated genes, respectively. Mean sensitivity and specificity of the top 3 highest‐scoring diagnoses were 92% and 95%, respectively. The algorithm outperformed the panel of ataxia experts (p = 0.001).

Interpretation

Our algorithm is highly sensitive and specific, accurately predicting the underlying molecular diagnoses of autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias, thereby guiding targeted sequencing or facilitating interpretation of next‐generation sequencing data. Ann Neurol 2017;82:892–899
How Large Can We Build a Cyclic Assembly? Impact of Ring Size on Chelate Cooperativity in Noncovalent Macrocyclizations
Authors: Montoro‐García Carlos , Mayoral María J. , Chamorro Raquel , González‐Rodríguez David
Published: October 2017

Self‐assembled systems rely on intramolecular cooperative effects to control their growth and regulate their shape, thus yielding discrete, well‐defined structures. However, as the size of the system increases, cooperative effects tend to dissipate. We analyze here this situation by studying a set of oligomers of different lengths capped with guanosine and cytidine nucleosides, which associate in cyclic tetramers by complementary Watson–Crick H‐bonding interactions. As the monomer length increases, and thus the number of C(sp)–C(sp2) σ‐bonds in the π‐conjugated skeleton, the macrocycle stability decreases due to a notable reduction in effective molarity (EM), which has a clear entropic origin. We determined the relationship between EM or ΔS and the number of σ‐bonds, which allowed us to predict the maximum monomer lengths at which cyclic species would still assemble quantitatively, or whether the cyclic species would not able to compete at all with linear oligomers over the whole concentration range.
Conversational Resources for Clinical Practice with Families: Social Construction in Action
Authors: Martins Pedro Pablo Sampaio , McNamee Sheila , Guanaes‐Lorenzi Carla
Published: October 2017

Social constructionism offers an account of therapeutic process that focuses on conversation and relationships as the space where people jointly create understandings about themselves, their lives, and their problems. Conversational resources are guides that focus practitioners’ attention on the ways they interact, relate, and talk to patients and amongst themselves. Focus is also placed on the effects that these conversations create in interaction. This article describes three conversational resources: ‘inviting the social into the individual,’ ‘weaving family dialogue,’ and ‘knowing oneself in other voices’, which help bring about change in the context of a clinical practice with families in mental health. It analyses the transcripts of 33 family therapy sessions (with three families) in a psychiatric day‐hospital. This focuses on how resources are worked out in conversation and describes practical therapeutic resources for professionals who are interested in working within a critical and transformative frame with families in mental health care.
Systemic Therapy and the Unbearable Lightness of Psychiatry
Authors: Stagoll Brian
Published: October 2017

This article is based on a transcript of the 2016 David Ingamells Memorial Lecture, at the Melbourne Clinic, sponsored by the Faculty of Psychotherapy of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatry. David was a leader in family therapy in Melbourne in the 1980s and ‘90s. Being invited to give this lecture led me to reflect on 50 years in psychiatry, and how systemic views have evolved over this time. Where did our foundational visions of social psychiatry come from, and where did they lead? How do our original heroes Laing and Bateson look nowadays? How has the concept of schizophrenia changed, and where does the DSM fit in? How can we move beyond the dominant ‘neuro‐molecular narrative’ and reconcile it with psychotherapy and ‘a social view of health?’
Working with Stepfamilies
Authors: Miran‐Khan Claire
Published: October 2017

Stepfamilies are complex family systems that warrant a specific model to guide therapy practice. Once a stepfamily has formed it's easy to overlook the lack of an attachment history that is commonly embedded in a biologically connected nuclear family. This can result in stepparents picking up parental responsibility for their stepchildren, which often may not go well. This paper highlights the need for clarity concerning the different levels of connection within a stepfamily, and the importance of avoiding ‘nuclear family‐style’ solutions and assumed attachments. This is especially important in the early stages of the relationship when everyone is adjusting to changing circumstances, which is often a time when issues of loyalty and betrayal fuel many of the actions taken. A range of family therapy techniques can be helpfully adapted to working with stepfamilies, especially as relationships with children often bring them to therapy. In particular, therapists can utilise ideas from structural family therapy to help guide the stepfamily to navigate the complexities of everyday life.
Adolescent Self‐cutting: An Embodiment of the Unsaid
Authors: Zamorano Claudio , Rojas Constanza
Published: October 2017

This paper describes adolescent self‐cutting from a systemic–relational standpoint utilising two key concepts: embodied mind and the unsaid. Varella's notion of embodiment is introduced to understand the body as a field of meaning and the unsaid is conceptualised as what holds ‘said meaning’ and gives a sense of identity. These ideas are illustrated by reflections on a clinical vignette.
The Dyadic Effects of Controlling Emotional Abuse on Subjective Emotional Experience in Iranian Older Married Couples
Authors: Hazrati Maryam , Hamid Tengku Aizan , Ibrahim Rahimah , Hassan Siti Aishah , Sharif Farkhondeh , Bagheri Zahra
Published: October 2017

This randomised control trial study examines the impact of an emotional‐focused intervention on emotional abuse and subjective emotional experience in Iranian older married couples. In the study, 57 older couples were randomly assigned into control and experimental groups with the latter taking part in an intervention program over 4 weeks, twice a week, with sessions lasting 90 minutes. In the experimental group, significant improvements were found for reducing emotional abuse behaviours and increasing subjective emotional experience. Dyadic analysis revealed that a partner's ability to control their own emotional abuse significantly effects both his/her subjective emotional experience and that of their spouse.
Hospitality in Family Therapy Practice: A Further Engagement with Jacques Derrida
Authors: Rober Peter , De Haene Lucia
Published: October 2017

Derrida's concept of hospitality has been proposed by some authors working from a collaborative perspective as an interesting tool to reflect on the therapeutic relationship as an ethical relationship in which the therapist develops a welcoming openness to the client. In this paper, we engage with this recent emphasis on the therapist's ethical position of welcoming the client's otherness and turn to Jacques Derrida's original texts with the aim of developing an in‐depth understanding of what exactly is at stake in this therapeutic position of hospitality. This reading evolves into an understanding of how Derrida's notion of hospitality invites clinicians to identify how the therapeutic position intricately intertwines healing and violence. The concept of hospitality calls on therapists to accept the complexity of therapeutic responsibility as a form of supportive presence that necessarily and simultaneously involves the violence of appropriation and power difference.
Evaluation of wood fiber composites based on a novel simultaneous defibration and compounding process
Authors: Mertens Oliver , Christian Krause Kim , Krause Andreas
Published: October 2017

The distinctive length and morphology characteristics of thermomechanical produced wood fibers make it a promising candidate for the utilization in polymer composites. However, due to the low bulk density of these fibers, the feeding into the compounding process (i.e., extruders) is quite challenging. In this study, a novel simultaneous defibration and compounding process are conducted in order to solve the feed‐in problem of thermomechanical fibers. A disc‐refiner was used to defibrate wood chips to fibers and compound the fibers with neat polymer granulates in one process step. After the process, the material showed typically thermomechanical fibers with chopped polymer particles which were inseparably attached to the fiber. The observed mechanical properties of the composites were slightly lower than some literature values. With field emission scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray microtomography analysis, voids and a polymer enriched surface were found influencing the composites performance. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45859.
A facile method of preparing highly porous polylactide microfibers
Authors: Liu Qingsheng , Yang Qibing , Zhou Yuqi , Zhao Mingming , Shen Ying , Zhou Fenglei , Gong R Hugh , Deng Bingyao
Published: October 2017

Highly porous polylactide (PLA) microfibers with the diameter of about 14 µm are prepared by melt‐spinning and stretching core–sheath PLA fibers (CSF) and sequent treatment of ethyl acetate. The resultant pores are regular and elliptical. The average values of length of major axis and minor axis of elliptical pores are around 1 and 0.5 μm, respectively. This new and facile method can prepare porous PLA fibers on industrial scale, and nearly overcome all the shortcomings of melt‐spinning and stretching method. In addition, highly porous structure in partially oriented poly(l‐lactide) yarn (POY) can be also formed by treating POY using ethyl acetate. The obtained pores are irregular. In addition, the formation mechanism of pore structure in CSF is different with the one in POY. The former is the separation of row‐nucleated lamellae induced by stretching while the latter is swelling and subsequent solvent‐induced crystallization. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45860.
Pacinian Corpuscles in the Human Fetal Finger and Thumb: A Study Using 3D Reconstruction and Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Kim Ji Hyun , Park Channy , Yang Xiaopeng , Murakami Gen , Abe Hiroshi , Shibata Shunichi
Published: October 2017

The detailed distribution of Pacinian corpuscles was evaluated by viewing the transverse sections of all fingers and thumbs, including the interdigital areas, from eight hands of five fetuses of gestational age 28–33 weeks (crown‐rump length 230–290 mm). Among the 40 fingers and thumbs, serial sections were prepared for 3D reconstructions of nerve elements in the distal and middle phalangeal segments of three fifth fingers; in these three fingers, the distal segment contained 45–75 Pacinian corpuscles. These Pacinian corpuscles were 0.2–1.0 mm in length and 0.05–0.3 mm in thickness, oriented along the proximodistal axis and arranged along the palmar digital nerve branches. Other than beneath the digital skin, small corpuscles (<0.1 mm in thickness) were observed within the tendon sheath of the flexors in the middle or distal segment of five fetuses and in the nail beds of four fetuses. Clusters of 5–20 corpuscles formed bouquet‐ or tree‐like arrangements along neurovascular bundles in the fingers, thumbs and interdigital areas. Because the space beneath the skin was thick and loose in the interdigital area, trees in the interdigital area were up to 2 mm long. Regardless of site, the central core of each corpuscle was positive for S100 protein, while the core and parts of the capillaries in the corpuscle were weakly positive for nestin. Because corpuscles in the tendon sheath and nail bed, as well as bouquet‐ and tree‐like arrangements of corpuscles, have not been reported in adults, these morphologies are likely specific to fetuses. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 301:154–165, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphological Characterization of the Myenteric Plexus of the Ileum and Distal colon of Dogs Affected by Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: SchÄfer Bárbara Tavares , Silveira Mariana Póvoa , Palombit Kelly , Mendes Cristina Eusébio , Watanabe Ii Sei , Miglino Maria Angélica , Castelucci Patricia
Published: October 2017

Duchenne‐like muscular dystrophy (canine dystrophinopathy) is a hereditary degenerative disease characterized by muscle changes similar to those described for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and by alterations in the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract. Some authors have suggested that these abnormalities may be associated with intestinal motility. This study analyzed the nitrergic and cholinergic neurons and P2X7 receptor expression in the myenteric plexus of the ileum and distal colon of dogs with muscular dystrophy. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to detect nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and acetylcholine transferase (ChAT) expression and to label all HuC/D‐ and P2X7 receptor‐immunoreactive (IR) neurons. Transmission electron microscopy and basic histology were performed for further analysis. The results showed that nitrergic neurons exhibited a Dogiel type I morphology in the ileum and distal colon. The neuronal profile results showed that there were fewer NOS‐, ChAT‐, and HuC/D‐IR neurons in the ileum than in the distal colon in the dystrophic (DT) dogs. Additionally, there were more NOS‐, ChAT‐ and HuC/D‐IR neurons per ganglion in the distal colon than in the ileum. The P2X7 receptor‐expressing neurons colocalized with nitrergic and cholinergic neurons. Transmission and light microscopy revealed collagen between the muscle fibers, between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers and within the myenteric ganglia of dogs with muscular dystrophy. These findings provide a morphological description of the myenteric neurons in the ileum and distal colon of these DT dogs and may contribute to a better understanding of the gastrointestinal disorders found in patients with DMD. Anat Rec, 301:673–685, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conversion of Triple Bonds into Single Bonds in a Domino Carbopalladation with Norbornene
Authors: Zhu Chuanle , Chen Pengquan , Zhu Rui , Jiang Guangbin , Lin Zhiming , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: October 2017

A domino carbopalladation reaction of haloalkynes is presented. Remarkably, the four‐time carbopalladation process converts the carbon‐carbon triple bonds of haloalkynes stepwise into carbon–carbon double bonds, and finally to carbon‐carbon single bonds. Features of this reaction are that the carbon‐carbon double bonds of stable vinyl palladium intermediates are transformed into carbon‐carbon single bonds with the generation of unstable alkyl palladium intermediates. The subsequently formed π‐allylpalladium species are independently trapped by N‐tosylhydrazones, boronic acids, and B2pin2 in a highly diastereoselective manner, delivering the corresponding polycyclic and twisted products with a bicyclo[3.2.1]oct‐2‐en‐3‐yl)tricyclo[3.2.1.02,4]octane core skeleton in moderate to good yields via C−C and C−B bond formations. Significantly, the dual roles of norbornenes, ring construction and ring expansion, and the identification of electron‐rich tri(2‐furyl)phosphine as the ligand are found to be critical for the success of these transformations.
Control of Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems with Microinverters: New Theoretical Design and Numerical Evaluation
Authors: Yahya Abdelhafid , El Fadil Hassan , Oulcaid Mustapha , Ammeh Leila , Giri Fouad , Guerrero Josep M.
Published: October 2017

This paper addresses the problem of controlling grid connected photovoltaic (PV) systems that are driven with microinverters. The systems to be controlled consist of a solar panel, a boost dc–dc converter, a DC link capacitor, a single‐phase full‐bridge inverter, a filter inductor, and an isolation transformer. We seek controllers that are able to simultaneously achieve four control objectives, namely: (i) asymptotic stability of the closed loop control system; (ii) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of the PV module; (iii) tight regulation of the DC bus voltage; and (iv) unity power factor (PF) in the grid. To achieve these objectives, a new multiloop nonlinear controller is designed using the backstepping design technique. A key feature of the control design is that it relies on an averaged nonlinear system model accounting, on the one hand, for the nonlinear dynamics of the underlying boost converter and inverter and, on the other, for the nonlinear characteristic of the PV panel. To achieve the MPPT objective, a power optimizer is designed that computes online the optimal PV panel voltage used as a reference signal by the PV voltage regulator. It is formally shown that the proposed controller meets all the objectives. This theoretical result is confirmed by numerical simulation tests.
Magnetic fields in massive stars and magnetically confined winds
Authors: ud‐Doula A.
Published: October 2017

Massive stars (at least 8 times as massive as the Sun) possess strong stellar winds driven by radiation. With the advent of collaborations like MiMeS or BOB, an increasing number of these massive stars have been confirmed to have global magnetic fields. Such magnetic fields can have significant influence on the dynamics of these stellar winds, which are strongly ionized. Such interaction of the wind and magnetic field can generate copious amount of X‐rays, can spin the star down, and can also help form large‐scale disk‐like structures. In this paper, we discuss the nature of such radiatively driven winds and how they interact with magnetic fields, often leading to confined winds.
On the magnetic activity cycle and rotation of the yellow subgiant β Aql
Authors: Butkovskaya V. V. , Plachinda S. I. , Bondar' N. I. , Baklanova D. N.
Published: October 2017

The cycles of activity similar to the solar one are thought to exist in other stars with outer convection zones. The long‐term monitoring of magnetic cycles in stars similar in structure to the Sun is a main diagnostic method for understanding how dynamo generation and amplification of magnetic fields occur. We have performed a search for solar‐like magnetic activity on the yellow subgiant β Aql. Direct measurements of the longitudinal magnetic field of β Aql were performed by measuring the Zeeman splitting in spectral lines, using the circularly polarized spectra obtained at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory over 51 nights during 1997–2015. The magnetic field on β Aql was detected with the confidence level above 3σ over 24 nights. The activity cycle of β Aql was found to be 969 ± 27 days. We assume that the activity of β Aql is similar to that of stars younger than the Sun. The most probable rotation period was found to be Prot = 5.08697 ± 0.00031 days. Assuming the global magnetic field of β Aql as a dipole, we estimated the polar field strength Bpol = 24 G, the angle between the rotation axis and the line of sight i = 25°, and the angle between the rotation and dipole axes β = 96°.
A search for spectral variability in the highly magnetized O9.7 V star HD 54879
Authors: Järvinen S. P. , Hubrig S. , Ilyin I. , Shenar T. , Schöller M.
Published: October 2017

The O9.7 V star HD 54879 possesses the second strongest magnetic field among the single, magnetic, O‐type stars. In contrast to other magnetic O‐type stars, the chemical abundance analysis of HD 54879 indicated a rather normal optical spectrum without obvious element enhancements or depletions. Furthermore, spectral variability was detected only in lines partly formed in the magnetosphere. As this star shows such a deviate, almost nonvariable, spectral behavior, we performed a deeper analysis of its spectral variability on different timescales using all currently available HARPSpol and FORS 2 spectropolarimetric observations. The longitudinal magnetic field strengths measured at different epochs indicate the presence of variability possibly related to stellar rotation, but the current data do not allow us yet to identify the periodicity of the field variation. As spectropolarimetric observations obtained at different epochs consist of subexposures with different integration times, we investigated spectral variability on timescales of minutes. The detected level of variability in line profiles of different elements is rather low, between 0.2 and 1.7%, depending on the integration time of the exposures and the considered element.
Molecular cloning and tissue distribution of a novel marmoset ABC transporter
Authors: Uehara Shotaro , Uno Yasuhiro , Inoue Takashi , Sasaki Erika , Yamazaki Hiroshi
Published: October 2017

Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) have been recognized as a useful small non‐human primate model in preclinical testing for drug development. In this study, a cDNA of novel ATP‐dependent efflux transporter ABCB1 was cloned from marmoset liver tissue. Marmoset ABCB1 cDNA encodes a protein of 1279 amino acid residues (MW = 141.4 kDa) containing characteristic regions of an ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) protein, two hydrophobic transmembrane regions and two cytoplasmic nucleotide‐binding regions, similar to human ABCB1. The deduced amino acid sequences were more highly identical (95%) to those of human ABCB1 compared with non‐primate species such as dogs, pigs and rodents (79–90%). A close evolutionary relationship of ABCB1 among marmosets, cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys and humans was evident from a phylogenetic analysis using ABCB1 amino acid sequences from primates, dogs, pigs and rodents. Tissue distribution analyses by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction indicated that marmoset ABCB1 mRNA was most abundant in kidneys, followed by small intestines and livers, similar to human ABCB1, and marmoset ABCB1 proteins in these tissues were also detected by immunoblotting. These results indicated that the primary structure and tissue distribution of ABCB1 in marmosets were similar to those of humans, suggesting similar molecular characteristics of ABCB1 between marmosets and humans.
Broad Chromatin Domains: An Important Facet of Genome Regulation
Authors: Carelli Francesco N. , Sharma Garima , Ahringer Julie
Published: October 2017

Chromatin composition differs across the genome, with distinct compositions characterizing regions associated with different properties and functions. Whereas many histone modifications show local enrichment over genes or regulatory elements, marking can also span large genomic intervals defining broad chromatin domains. Here we highlight structural and functional features of chromatin domains marked by histone modifications, with a particular emphasis on the potential roles of H3K27 methylation domains in the organization and regulation of genome activity in metazoans.