bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-Diabetic Potentials of Thiazolidinedione Analogues with Efficient Synthetic Procedures: A Review of Literature
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Salahuddin  , Kumar Rajnish , Sahu Rakesh , Mishra Shivali , Singh Chanchal , Tiglani Devleena
Published: February 2021

Background::

Diabetes mellitus refers to one of the leading cause of diseases that affect large populations of human and is characterized by a high glucose level in the blood (also known as hyperglycemia). Thiazolidinedione (TZD) is a five-member heterocyclic compound consisting of three carbons, nitrogen and sulfur. It is also known as glitazones, can be used as potent hypoglycemic agents and is also reduce many other cardiovascular risk factors including percutaneous coronary intervention, carotid and coronary atherosclerosis. As it plays a very important role in the field of medicinal chemistry or pharmaceutical sciences, novel medicine developed and many are on underdevelopment, these derivatives have thiazolidinedione as their primary nucleus.

Objective::

This article has discussed the different synthetic procedures of thiazolidinediones that exhibited potential antidiabetic activity by the activation of PPAR-γ, by reducing the blood glucose levels and by different metabolic process incorporation.

Conclusion::

Thiazolidinediones has effective profile as the future investigational drug and can be processed in drug discovery because of its efficient anti-diabetic potential.
Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus in Children
Authors: Tsang Vivian , Leung Alexander K.C. , Lam Joseph M.
Published: February 2021

Background:

The skin is commonly involved in autoimmune diseases, such as lupus erythematous. The cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) can manifest with or without systemic symptoms. It is advantageous from a patient and healthcare system standpoint for early diagnosis and intervention. Prevention of complications is especially important in the pediatric population.

Objective:

To familiarize physicians with the clinical presentation, diagnosis, evaluation, and management of pediatric cutaneous lupus.

Methods:

The search term “cutaneous lupus” was entered into a Pubmed search. A narrow scope was applied to the categories of “epidemiology”, “clinical diagnosis”, “investigations”, “comorbidities”, and “treatment”. Meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews were included. The search was restricted to English literature and children. A descriptive, narrative synthesis of the retrieved articles was provided.

Results:

A variety of innate and adaptive immune responses are being investigated to explain the pathogenesis of CLE. There are a number of variations of cutaneous manifestations varying from localized malar rash as in the case of ACLE lesions and papulosquamous psoriasiform lesions as in the case of SCLE to the multiple subtypes within chronic CLE. First-line pharmacological treatments include topicals, such as typical calcineurin inhibitors and corticosteroids, or oral agents, such as glucocorticoids, antimalarial drugs, and hydroxychloroquine.

Conclusion:

CLE is inclusive of a number of subtypes that have varying dermatological manifestations in adult and pediatric populations. The current treatment modalities will change based on the newly understood molecular targets. Ongoing research on the mechanisms underlying CLE is necessary to derive new interventions for pediatric patients.
The Pattern of Carbohydrate Intake among University Students from Eastern Indonesia Tends to be Diverse
Authors: Helmyati Siti , Amalia Anita W. , Sholihah Haifa , Kurnia Mirasari , Kiasaty Savira , Wigati Maria , Rohana A.J. , Ishak Wan R.W. , Hamid Noor A. , Malik Vasanti , Hu Frank
Published: February 2021

Background:

Along with the shift in consumption patterns of carbohydrate staple
foods in Indonesia, many communities are abandoning local traditional foods such as tubers and
sago and turning to white rice.

Objective:

Considering the rise of modern living patterns that are loved by teenagers and young
adults, the researchers aimed to identify the basic food consumption patterns of adolescents and
young people in Indonesia and the factors that influence them.

Methods:

The subjects involved in this study were 108 Universitas Gadjah Mada students representing
various regions and tribes in Indonesia. The proportion of each part of Indonesia was
determined by the proportionate stratified random sampling technique, while the research subjects
were selected by purposive sampling. Subjects were interviewed using the semi-quantitative
food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Data on knowledge factors related to nutrition and perceptions
were obtained using a separate questionnaire.

Results:

The most consumed staple carbohydrate foods are cereals, especially white rice (82%),
tubers (10.6%), noodles, pasta and bread (12.3%) and sago (1.8%). Several factors that influence
the consumption pattern significantly (p<0.05) are sex, place of origin, and nutritional status.

Conclusions:

There is a high dependency on white rice among young adults in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
The culture and place of origin have an important role in shaping the pattern of carbohydrate
consumption. Strategic interventions are needed to increase youth food diversification.
Comparison Between the Maximum Standard Uptake Value and the Ratio of Lymph Node to Primary Tumor Attenuation in Head and Neck Cancers: A Prospective Study
Authors: Toprak Ugur , Saylisoy Suzan , Etiz Durmus , Entok Emre , Tepe Murat , Akcay Melek Cosar , Dincer Murat
Published: February 2021

Objective:

The study aimed to investigate the relationship between the ratio of lymph
node attenuation to primary lesion attenuation on contrast-enhanced CT and the PET/CT standard
uptake value (SUVmax) in head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC).

Methods:

Volunteers with advanced-stage, histopathologically proven HNSCC, indicated to have
radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy, were evaluated for CT and PET/CT for radiotherapy planning.
The attenuation and SUVmax of the primary lesion and the largest, possibly metastatic lymph
node, and the round index and volume of the lymph node were calculated. The relationship between
lymph node/primary lesion attenuation and SUVmax ratios was investigated. The differences
in CT findings between the SUVmax < and ≥3 groups were examined.

Results:

Thirty-two cases with adequate diagnostic quality were studied. There was a very strong
positive correlation between the primary lesion and lymph node attenuation (r=0.817, p<0.001), a
strong correlation between the lymph node volume and SUVmax (r=0.681, p<0.001), and a moderate
negative correlation between lymph node/primary lesion SUVmax and attenuation (r=-0.503,
p=0.004). In patients with ≥3 SUVmax, lymph node volume and lymph node/primary lesion SUVmax
were significantly higher, and the attenuation ratio was close to 1 (PPV 94.1, 86.3%, respectively).

Conclusion:

In HNSCC, the lymph node/primary lesion attenuation ratio can be used instead of
SUVmax if supported by other conventional CT findings. Metastasis should be considered if
lymph node attenuation is similar to primary mass attenuation and excluded if higher. CT attenuation
rate can be used as a supportive finding if PET/CT cannot be performed or lymph node SUVmax
is close to the acceptable cut-off for metastasis.
COVID-19: Role of Robotics, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning During the Pandemic
Authors: Sodhi Gurpreet Kour , Kaur Simarpreet , Gaba Gurjot Singh , Kansal Lavish , Sharma Ashutosh , Dhiman Gaurav
Published: February 2021

:

The outbreak of COVID-19 has led to a global health emergency. Emerging from China,
it has now been declared as a pandemic. Owing to the fast pace at which it spreads, its control and
prevention have now become the greatest challenge. The inner structural analysis of the virus is an
important area of research for the invention of the potential drug. The countries are following different
strategies and policies to fight against COVID-19; various schemes have also been employed to
cope up with the economic crisis. While the government is struggling to balance between the
public health sector and the economic collapse, the researchers and medicine practitioners are inclined
towards obtaining treatment and early detection of the deadly disease. Further, the impact of
COVID-19 on Dentistry is alarming and posing severe threats to the professionals as well. Now,
the technology is helping the countries fight against the disease. ML and AI based applications are
substantially aiding the process of detection and diagnosis of novel coronavirus. Science of
Robotics is another approach followed with an aim to improve patient care.
Human Saliva Metabolome for Oral Lichen Planus Biomarker Identification
Authors: Wang Xiaoshuang , Liu Liwei , Du Qiuzheng , Sun Zhi , Yue Erli , Xue Peng , Zhao Hongyu
Published: February 2021

Background:

Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is one of the most common oral mucosal diseases.
However, the current diagnostic method for OLP has limitations, and sometimes it is easy to be
misdiagnosed. Salivary metabolomics may provide new ideas for the diagnosis of OLP.

Objective:

To identify the biomarkers for the early detection of OLP.

Methods:

A non-targeted metabolomic analysis method was established based on UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap
HRMS (Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/orbitrap high resolution mass
spectrometry) to analyze the differential metabolites in saliva samples of patients with OLP and
healthy subjects. Saliva samples were collected from 120 OLP patients and 125 healthy subjects.

Results:

A total of 19 differential metabolites were identified, including 6 amino acid metabolites,
2 carnitines, 2 lipid metabolites and 9 other metabolites. The integrated biomarkers were constructed
by 3 metabolites according to Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC). Meanwhile, multiple
metabolic pathways were found to be involved in the occurrence and development of OLP.

Conclusion:

Metabolomics can be used to characterize the characteristics of metabolic disorders in
patients with OLP, which is also helpful to the early diagnosis of OLP and reveal the pathological
process of OLP.
Therapeutic Benefit of Salvigenin Against Various forms of Human Disorders Including Cancerous Disorders: Medicinal Properties and Biological Application in the Modern Medicine
Authors: Patel Dinesh Kumar
Published: February 2021

:

Natural products have always been used in medicine for the discovery of new biological
molecules against different types of human disorders. Crude drugs have been used in different systems
of medicine, including Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Ayurvedic System of Medicine.
From ancient time to this modern age, special emphasis has been given to the traditional
knowledge of plants based products for the development of newer and better modern drugs. Traditional
medicines are always better choices in the medicine and healthcare system by the people of
developing countries for the treatment of human disorders. Polyphenolic compounds have been
used in medicine due to their vast medicinal application and pharmacological activities. Flavonoidal
class chemicals are the better examples of polyphenolic compounds, which have a 15-
carbon skeleton chemical structure. Salvigenin is a pure flavonoid class phytochemical found to be
present in the Salvia lachnocalyx, Salvia hydrangea and Plectranthus amboinicus and other medicinal
plants and vegetables. Pharmacologically salvigenin has been found to have cytotoxic effects
on various forms of cancer cells, such as colon adenocarcinoma, breast adenocarcinoma and glioblastoma.
Further salvigenin has beneficial potential in the medicine for the treatment of diabetes
and protects cells against oxidative stress. In order to know the therapeutic benefit of salvigenin in
the medicine, here in the present study, all the scientific research data of salvigenin have been collected
and analyzed for their biological significance in medicine. Extensive pharmacological investigation
has been performed to know the better medicinal properties of the salvigenin in modern
medicine. Analytical techniques used in the separation, isolation and identification of salvigenin
have also been searched and presented in the present work. From the above-presented data, it was
found that salvigenin has significant biological potential in medicine and could be used for the development
of newer and better molecule or drugs against various forms of human disorders, including
cancerous disorders.
Hopping Robot: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Jiang Jingang , Zeng Yang , Yu Xiaoyang , Wu Dianhao , Guo Yafeng
Published: February 2021

Background:

Search and rescue in high-risk situations and searches in unknown environments pose certain threats to human physical life. The development of mobile robots with exploratory capabilities that can be adapted to complex sites, with high mobility and high obstacle-crossing capabilities, is therefore a research trend. Existing wheeled and tracked mobile robots have excellent locomotion, but they are less adaptable and less efficient when faced with complex terrain or outer space environments. Therefore, how to increase the obstacle-crossing ability and improve the movement efficiency of mobile robots has become a research hotspot in the field of mobile robotics.

Objective:

To introduce the classification, characteristics and development of existing hopping robots.

Methods:

The various products and patents of hopping robots are summarized, and the structural features, differences and applications of typical hopping robots are introduced.

Results:

By analyzing a variety of hopping robots, the typical characteristics and the current problems of hopping robots are analyzed, the development trend of hopping robots is prospected, the current research status of hopping robots are discussed and the future prospects are carried out.

Conclusion:

Hopping robots can be divided into mechanical energy drive, combustion energy drive and new energy drive according to the driving method. Depending on the drive energy used, jumping robots can achieve a jump height 0.5-30 times higher than their own size, and combined with a specific mechanical structure design, they have the characteristics of high explosive, high mobility, and can solve interstellar exploration, terrain exploration and rescue problems. Compared to mechanical energy drives, combustion chemistry is two orders of magnitude more energy intensive than even the highest performing batteries. The use of recycled renewable energy solves the energy self-loading problem of chemical combustion drives and is more environmentally friendly than the two previous types of new energy drives. Therefore, such products should be invented and patented in the future.
Regulatory Aspects of Personalised Medicines
Authors: Dhingra Ishita , Mani Neel , Thakkar Arti R.
Published: February 2021

:

The advent of big data analysis, genetic engineering and epigenetics has transformed the
healthcare system by shifting the strategy for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases from
“one-size-fits-all” approach to “personalised” approach. Identification of biomarkers from molecular
diagnosis has made tailoring of the medical treatment possible. Optimization of treatment decreases
the costs related to the ineffective treatments and helps in avoiding possible side effects
and adverse drug reactions. The efficient development of personalised medicine is largely dependent
on the tools, sequencing techniques used and regulatory policies related to the personalised
medicine products, tests and companion diagnostics. The uncertainties in the regulations governing
personalised medicine should be eliminated and specific guidelines should be laid down by the respective
regulatory authorities to bridge the emerging tools and technologies with the regulatory
policies. Also, proper regulatory approval pathways for companion diagnostics will resolve the
complications of organized development of therapeutic products and diagnostic tests.
Right-Sided Heart Failure Presentation in Severe Valvular Aortic Stenosis: How to Deal with Diuretic Use?
Authors: Rusnanta Fahmy , Tri Tjahjono Cholid , Fuji Rahimah Anna , Martini Heny
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: Patients with right-sided heart failure and severe aortic stenosis (AS) have many clinical challenges to overcome fluid retention. Typical diuretic therapeutic approach can be recommended for the guidance of removing fluid overload in severe AS with right ventricular (RV) failure. The aim of this case review is to understand how to assess and manage RHF and severe AS. CASE SUMMARY: A 65-year-old female with worsening bilateral leg swelling and she aware of shortness of breath for 3 months. Physical examination revealed a grade 3/6 ejection systolic murmur at the aortic area radiating to the neck, a grade 2/6 diastolic murmur at the pulmonic area, and a grade 3/6 systolic murmur at the apex radiating to the axilla, increased jugular venous pressure, prominent bilateral leg swelling, and minimal rhonci at the base of the lungs. The chest X-ray showed worsening cardiomegaly in the last 3 months. Echocardiography revealed high gradient severe valvular AS, decreased systolic RV function, and other valvular dysfunctions including moderate mitral regurgitation, moderate pulmonary regurgitation, and mild tricuspid regurgitation. She was introduced high dose furosemide infusion. The average urine output production was 5 L/day and negative fluid balance was 3 L/day. Furosemide dose was adjusted daily according to urine output production and she was discharged after 6 days hospitalization. DISCUSSION: This case report provides an example of RV failure in severe AS patient. Hemodynamic monitoring and typical approach of diuretic therapies should be needed in the management of fluid overload in severe AS. KEYWORDS: right-sided heart failure, severe aortic stenosis, diuretic.
Historic squares’ identity expression: Namik Kemal Square, Famagusta-Cyprus
Authors:   Faculty of Architecture, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus, Ukabi Ejeng , Akçay Ayten Özsavaş ,   Faculty of Architecture, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
Published: February 2021

Historic square's naturalistic layers harmonize in contrast with man's unstable taste, changing intentions with time, and neoliberal policies. Consequently, the challenge of what will stand out on the square's expression to the future remains an enormous pertinence amid the identity struggle. Recall that historic squares represent the bedrock for the chronological events that shaped human settlements, be it socio-economic, cultural, religious, political, art and architecture, educational, and folklore. This paper aims to analyze the square's identity as part of its historical and cultural representation. Besides, examine the layers on the surfaces (facades) facing it and their functional changes from history to now. The paper adopted an integrated study approach, using a literature review simultaneously with fieldwork to perform the analysis to describe and observe beyond the structural image to the social implications of the surrounding works of art, architecture, and nature. Based on the results, Namik Kemal Square is characterized socially, physically, and functionally by the surfaces of Lusignan, Venetian, Ottoman, British, Republic of Cyprus, the Turkish Federated State of Cyprus, and Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus to now. The square exemplifies a mix of hard/soft surfaces and old/new textual layers. Presently, some functions have changed; others are changing, while only a small percentage maintained uncompromising character. The study hypothesizes that though place remains, occupancy changes with pre-existing tissues. Therefore, the surfaces of the diverse identities about people's existence in a setting (square) should be conserved for livability. Furthermore, design principles that will displace the square's identity should be discouraged.
Design Guidelines of a Computer-Based Intervention for Computer Vision Syndrome: Focus Group Study and Real-World Deployment
Authors: Hwang Youjin , Shin Donghoon , Eun Jinsu , Suh Bongwon , Lee Joonhwan
Published: February 2021

Background

Prolonged time of computer use increases the prevalence of ocular problems, including eye strain, tired eyes, irritation, redness, blurred vision, and double vision, which are collectively referred to as computer vision syndrome (CVS). Approximately 70% of computer users have vision-related problems. For these reasons, properly designed interventions for users with CVS are required. To design an effective screen intervention for preventing or improving CVS, we must understand the effective interfaces of computer-based interventions.

Objective

In this study, we aimed to explore the interface elements of computer-based interventions for CVS to set design guidelines based on the pros and cons of each interface element.

Methods

We conducted an iterative user study to achieve our research objective. First, we conducted a workshop to evaluate the overall interface elements that were included in previous systems for CVS (n=7). Through the workshop, participants evaluated existing interface elements. Based on the evaluation results, we eliminated the elements that negatively affect intervention outcomes. Second, we designed our prototype system LiquidEye that includes multiple interface options (n=11). Interface options included interface elements that were positively evaluated in the workshop study. Lastly, we deployed LiquidEye in the real world to see how the included elements affected the intervention outcomes. Participants used LiquidEye for 14 days, and during this period, we collected participants’ daily logs (n=680). Additionally, we conducted prestudy and poststudy surveys, and poststudy interviews to explore how each interface element affects participation in the system.

Results

User data logs collected from the 14 days of deployment were analyzed with multiple regression analysis to explore the interface elements affecting user participation in the intervention (LiquidEye). Statistically significant elements were the instruction page of the eye resting strategy (P=.01), goal setting of the resting period (P=.009), compliment feedback after completing resting (P<.001), a mid-size popup window (P=.02), and CVS symptom-like effects (P=.004).

Conclusions

Based on the study results, we suggested design implications to consider when designing computer-based interventions for CVS. The sophisticated design of the customization interface can make it possible for users to use the system more interactively, which can result in higher engagement in managing eye conditions. There are important technical challenges that still need to be addressed, but given the fact that this study was able to clarify the various factors related to computer-based interventions, the findings are expected to contribute greatly to the research of various computer-based intervention designs in the future.
Revolutionizing Medical Data Sharing Using Advanced Privacy-Enhancing Technologies: Technical, Legal, and Ethical Synthesis (Preprint)
Authors: Scheibner James , Raisaro Jean Louis , Troncoso-Pastoriza Juan Ramón , Ienca Marcello , Fellay Jacques , Vayena Effy , Hubaux Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Multisite medical data sharing is critical in modern clinical practice and medical research. The challenge is to conduct data sharing that preserves individual privacy and data utility. The shortcomings of traditional privacy-enhancing technologies mean that institutions rely upon bespoke data sharing contracts. The lengthy process and administration induced by these contracts increases the inefficiency of data sharing and may disincentivize important clinical treatment and medical research.
This paper provides a synthesis between 2 novel advanced privacy-enhancing technologies—homomorphic encryption and secure multiparty computation (defined together as multiparty homomorphic encryption). These privacy-enhancing technologies provide a mathematical guarantee of privacy, with multiparty homomorphic encryption providing a performance advantage over separately using homomorphic encryption or secure multiparty computation. We argue multiparty homomorphic encryption fulfills legal requirements for medical data sharing under the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation which has set a global benchmark for data protection. Specifically, the data processed and shared using multiparty homomorphic encryption can be considered anonymized data. We explain how multiparty homomorphic encryption can reduce the reliance upon customized contractual measures between institutions. The proposed approach can accelerate the pace of medical research while offering additional incentives for health care and research institutes to employ common data interoperability standards.
Matching-adjusted indirect comparison of palbociclib versus ribociclib and abemaciclib in hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer
Authors: Rugo Hope S , Haltner Anja , Zhan Lin , Tran Anh , Bananis Eustratios , Hooper Becky , Mitra Debanjali , Cameron Chris
Published: February 2021

Aim:
Palbociclib (PAL), ribociclib (RIB) and abemaciclib (ABM), in combination with fulvestrant (FUL), are approved for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. This study aims to determine relative efficacy of PAL+FUL versus RIB+FUL and ABM+FUL using matching-adjusted indirect treatment comparisons.
Patients & methods:
Anchored matching-adjusted indirect treatment comparisons were conducted using individual patient data from PALOMA-3 and published summary-level data from MONARCH 2 and MONALEESA-3. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS).
Results:
OS was similar for PAL+FUL versus ABM+FUL (hazard ratio: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.54–1.40) and RIB+FUL (hazard ratio: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.48–1.63).
Conclusion:
Adjusting for cross-trial differences suggests similar OS between treatments, underscoring the importance of accounting for these differences when indirectly comparing treatments.
Evaluation of Dry-Heat Cookery Method on Volatile Flavor Compound Development and Consumer Evaluation of Six Beef Muscles
Authors: Vierck Kelly R. , Legako Jerrad F. , Brooks J. Chance
Published: February 2021

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of dry-heat cookery on beef flavor development of multiple beef muscles. Beef strip loins, top sirloin butts, paired tenderloins, paired shoulder clods, and chuck rolls were collected from USDA Low Choice carcasses (Small00–Small100 marbling; N = 20). Subprimals were wet aged in the absence of light for 21 d at 0°C to 4°C. Subprimals were fabricated into 2.54-cm-thick steaks representative of the following muscles: Gluteus medius, Infraspinatus, Longissimus lumborum, Psoas major, Serratus ventralis, and Triceps brachii and randomly assigned to one of 4 dry-heat cookery methods: charbroiler grill (CHAR), clamshell grill (CLAM), convection oven (OVEN), and salamander broiler (SALA). Steaks were cooked to a medium degree of doneness (71°C) on the randomly assigned cooking method. Untrained consumer panelists (N = 300) evaluated each sample for flavor, tenderness, juiciness, and overall liking. No interactions were observed between cooking method and muscle (P ≥ 0.344) for any palatability traits evaluated. Consumers preferred CHAR steaks (P < 0.05) over CLAM steaks for flavor, tenderness, juiciness, and overall liking. Additionally, CLAM steaks were rated lower (P < 0.05) than all other methods for tenderness and juiciness. OVEN and SALA steaks were rated higher (P < 0.05) than CLAM steaks by consumers for tenderness and juiciness but were similar (P > 0.05) to CLAM steaks for overall liking. CHAR steaks produced a greater concentration of Maillard compounds compared with the other cooking methods. Steaks cooked using OVEN and SALA (P < 0.05) produced more lipid oxidation products. Additionally, CHAR steaks produced the greatest (P < 0.05) total volatile production compared with all other treatments, which may be a result of the combination of Maillard reaction products and the lipid degradation products.
ПАРАЛЛЕЛЬНЫЙ ПОТОКОВЫЙ ПРОЦЕССОР НА НОВЫХ АРХИТЕКТУРНЫХ ПРИНЦИПАХ ДЛЯ РЕШЕНИЯ ШИРОКОГО КРУГА ЗАДАЧ
Authors: Бобков С.Г. , Левченко Н.Н. , Окунев А.С.
Published: February 2021

Рассматриваются проблемы создания параллельных систем на базе потоковых процессоров с динамически формируемым контекстом. В основе потоковой модели лежит активация узлов по готовности данных. Главным преимуществом таких процессоров является возможность аппаратного распараллеливания программ на сотни ядер.
БЛОК ТЕНЗОРНЫХ ВЫЧИСЛЕНИЙ ДЛЯ УСКОРЕНИЯ РАСЧЕТА ИСКУССТВЕННЫХ НЕЙРОННЫХ СЕТЕЙ
Authors: Осипенко П.Н.
Published: February 2021

Разработка конфигурируемого IP-ядра тензорных вычислений для ускорения расчета искусственных нейронных сетей (IVA TPU), предназначенного для встраивания в SoC. Приведены характеристики IP-ядра и параметры разрабатываемых микросхем на его основе. Дается описание маршрута программирования IP-ядра IVA TPU.
СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ СИЛОВОЙ ЭЛЕКТРОНИКИ НА КАРБИДЕ КРЕМНИЯ
Authors: Гейфман Е.М. , Грехов И.В. , Иванов П.А. , Каменцев Г.Ю. , Чибиркин В.В.
Published: February 2021

Силовые полупроводниковые приборы (СПП) на основе карбида кремния являются перспективной электронной компонентной базой для силовой электроники и импульсной техники. Технический уровень СПП оказывает существенное влияние на темпы роста важнейших отраслей экономики России.
АНАЛОГО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬ С НЕРАВНОМЕРНОЙ ДИСКРЕТИЗАЦИЕЙ НА БАЗЕ АЦП ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬНОГО ПРИБЛИЖЕНИЯ
Authors: Быкова А.В. , Полунин М.Н.
Published: February 2021

Спроектирован аналого-информационный преобразователь (АИП) с архитектурой неравномерной дискретизации на базе АЦП последовательного приближения. Описаны принцип работы, основные характеристики и результаты моделирования АИП.
ХИМИЧЕСКАЯ ЗАЩИТНОИДЕНТИФИКАЦИОННАЯ МАРКИРОВКА ЭЛЕКТРОННЫХ КОМПОНЕНТОВ
Authors: Горбась А.В. , Конькова Н.А. , Кузьмин В.В.
Published: February 2021

Приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований по разработке композиционных химических составов для маркировки электронных компонентов в целях защиты маркированного предмета от подделки или подмены.
МЕТОДЫ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ РАДИАЦИОННО-ИНДУЦИРОВАННЫХ СЛУЧАЙНЫХ СБОЕВ В КОМБИНАЦИОННЫХ СХЕМАХ НА СХЕМОТЕХНИЧЕСКОМ И ЛОГИЧЕСКОМ УРОВНЕ
Authors: Тельпухов Д.В. , Надоленко В.В. , Деменева А.И. , Жукова Т.Д.
Published: February 2021

В работе представлены методы моделирования случайных сбоев переключения на логическом и схемотехническом уровнях абстракции. Рассмотрен метод моделирования сбоев на логическом уровне с предварительной характеризацией элементов на транзисторном уровне. Для сравнения автоматизированных средств моделирования проведено исследование методов на наборе схем LGSynth’89.
РАЗРАБОТКА СПОСОБА УЧЕТА ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ ВАХ ТРАНЗИСТОРА, РАБОТАЮЩЕГО В ПЕРЕХОДНОМ РЕЖИМЕ ОТ PDSOI/FDSOI В КОМПАКТНОЙ МОДЕЛИ
Authors: Шипицин Д.С. , Потупчик Ф.Г. , Шемякин А.В. , Яшин Г.А.
Published: February 2021

Исследованы и разработаны дополнения к оригинальной модели КНИ КМОП-транзисторов BSIMSOI4.5, учитывающие эффекты изменения подвижности носителей в канале и уменьшения паразитного сопротивления при ненулевом смещении на подложке КНИ-транзистора, который работает в переходном режиме.
МАРШРУТ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ВЕРИФИКАЦИИ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЙ МОДЕЛИ АНАЛОГОВЫХ БЛОКОВ НА ЯЗЫКЕ PYTHON НА ПРИМЕРЕ АЦП ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬНОГО ПРИБЛИЖЕНИЯ
Authors: Липатов И.А. , Скрипниченко М.Н.
Published: February 2021

В статье описан разработанный маршрут смешанного моделирования АЦП последовательного приближения с цифровой частью на языке SystemVerilog и моделью аналоговой части на языке Python. В аналоговой части описывается изменение напряжения на входе компаратора в зависимости от переключения ключей матрицы конденсаторов. Приведены преимущества разработанного подхода и компоненты процесса верификации.
ИС 6-БИТНОГО ВЕКТОРНОГО ФАЗОВРАЩАТЕЛЯ X-ДИАПАЗОНА С ИНТЕГРИРОВАННЫМИ КОРРЕКТИРУЮЩИМИ ЦАП НА ОСНОВЕ 0,25 МКМ SIGE БИКМОП-ТЕХНОЛОГИИ
Authors: Помазанов А.В. , Шеерман Ф.И. , Коколов А.А. , Миненко Д.Е. , Шутов Е.А. , Федоров Е.А. , Коряковцев А.С. , Бабак Л.И.
Published: February 2021

Для приемо-передающих модулей с АФАР разработана ИС 6-битного векторного управляемого фазовращателя (УФВ) Х-диапазона на основе 0,25 мкм SiGe БиКМОП-технологии. Для уменьшения фазовой ошибки в каждом состоянии УФВ используются интегрированные в ИС дополнительные корректирующие ЦАП. В полосе частот 8-12 ГГц измеренная среднеквадратичная ошибка (СКО) по фазе не превышает 1,5°, СКО по амплитуде составляет 0,4 дБ.
НЕНАПРАВЛЕННАЯ СДВОЕННАЯ МИКРОПОЛОСКОВАЯ АНТЕННА X-ДИАПАЗОНА
Authors: Кондратьев А.В. , Скобелев Д.Н. , Меджитов Р.Д.
Published: February 2021

Разработана сдвоенная микрополосковая печатная антенная решетка для диапазона частот 10-12 ГГц, предназначенная для использования совместно с маломощным радаром с непрерывной линейной частотной модуляцией излучаемого сигнала. Неравномерность диаграммы направленности в азимутальной плоскости - менее 2 дБ, КСВН не более - 2,5, коэффициент усиления антенны - порядка 4,5 dBi при ширине диаграммы направленности в угломестной плоскости порядка 50°. Уровень развязки между антеннами - порядка 40 дБ.
ТЕПЛОВОЙ МЭМС-СЕНСОР ПОТОКА ДЛЯ КОМПАКТНОГО ГАЗОВОГО ХРОМАТОГРАФА
Authors: Чиненков М.Ю. , Дюжев Н.А. , Демин Г.Д. , Рябов В.Т. , Поздняков М.М. , Евсиков И.Д. , Елисеев М.А. , Платонов В.И.
Published: February 2021

Разработана математическая модель чувствительного элемента теплового сенсора расхода газа для компактного газового хроматографа. Рассчитана зависимость температурного отклика терморезисторов чувствительного элемента от скорости протекания потока газовой смеси различного типа. Получен профиль распределения концентрации газа и температуры в месте локализации чувствительного элемента.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ОРБИТАЛЬНОГО ДВИЖЕНИЯ ИНЕРЦИОННОЙ МАССЫ МИКРОМЕХАНИЧЕСКОГО ГИРОСКОПА
Authors: Лысенко И.Е. , Науменко Д.В. , Ежова О.А. , Ткаченко А.В.
Published: February 2021

В данной работе представлено исследование орбитального движения инерционной массы микромеханического гироскопа. Целью данного исследования являются разработка методики возбуждения орбитального движения инерционной массы микромеханического гироскопа от одного источника сигнала с фиксированной частотой, а также проверка теоретических расчетов сложения взаимно перпендикулярных гармонических колебаний на частоте, близкой к собственной частоте гироскопа. Данное исследование необходимо при разработке микромеханического орбитального гироскопа на основе высокоаспектных торсионных подвесов. Данное исследование проводилось различными методами: аналитически, численно методом конечных элементов в программном пакете ANSYS Workbench, экспериментально на микросистемном анализаторе Polytec MSA-500. Колебания задавались при помощи генератора, детектирование движения определялось методом лазерной доплеровской виброметрии, определение траектории зафиксировано на видеофрагменте, сделанном при помощи стробоскопической видеомикроскопии.
Sergio Eduardo Carrera Quezada, Sementeras de papel. La regularización de la propiedad rural en la Huasteca serrana, 1550-1720
Authors: Roa López Mario Alberto
Published: February 2021

Reseña sobre Sergio Eduardo Carrera Quezada, Sementeras de papel. La regularización de la propiedad rural en la Huasteca serrana, 1550-1720 (México: El Colegio de México; México: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social, 2018).
SARS-CoV-2 en aguas residuales y superficiales: ¿cómo lidiar con el problema?
Authors: Rodríguez Rodríguez Yaset , Regla Rosa Domínguez Elena , Jauregui-Haza Ulises , Boluda Carlos José , Rodríguez de Francisco Luis Enrique
Published: February 2021

Introducción: hoy la humanidad sufre uno de los peores episodios debido a la pandemia causada por el SARS-CoV-2. Su alta infectividad, rápida propagación y persistencia en ciertas superficies dificultan el combate de este virus. Su presencia en aguas residuales y posible transmisión fecal-oral podría ser una nueva amenaza para la salud pública.

Objetivo: alertar a la comunidad científica internacional y a los gobiernos sobre la presencia de SARS-CoV-2 en las aguas residuales y sobre qué hacer para evitar su propagación por este medio.

Métodos: se realizó una revisión de artículos referenciados en SCOPUS y Web of Science desde el año 2019 relacionados con la presencia del virus en aguas residuales y superficiales.

Resultados y discusión: es necesario establecer sistemas de monitoreo, utilizar métodos analíticos sensibles y rápidos para la detección del virus en las aguas residuales y superficiales. Asimismo, implantar protocolos de inactivación del virus en las unidades de salud y en las plantas de tratamiento de aguas. Se recomiendan procesos con oxidantes químicos, radiación ultravioleta, fotocatálisis, foto-Fenton, ozono o filtración por membrana. Además, se debe alertar a la población sobre la importancia del lavado y de la desinfección de productos agrícolas, así como del cuidado en su manejo por parte de los trabajadores agrícolas.
Relación entre nivel del antígeno prostático específico y hallazgos gammagráficos en el cáncer de próstata, Instituto de Oncología Doctor Heriberto Pieter, enero-junio 2018
Authors: Arias Rodríguez Samuels , Capellan Mata Cinthia Lisbeth , Díaz Mora Carlene
Published: February 2021

Se realizó un estudio relacional, transversal y de fuente retrospectiva de la información, cuyo objetivo fue determinar la relación entre el nivel del antígeno prostático específico y hallazgos gammagráficos en el cáncer de próstata, Instituto de Oncología Dr. Heriberto Pieter. El universo estuvo conformado por 262 pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer de próstata y la muestra por 216 pacientes, representando un 82,4 %. Para la recolección de los datos se utilizó un formulario con ocho preguntas a partir de las variables de estudio. Los resultados mostraron que 69,4 % de los pacientes evidenciaron una relación entre el nivel de antígeno prostático específico y la gammagrafía ósea. El grupo etario más afectado con cáncer de próstata fue mayor de 75 años. 46,5 % de los pacientes con metástasis ósea mostraron un nivel de PSA mayor o igual a 100 ng/mL. Los principales focos metastásicos fueron columna lumbosacra y la pelvis con 24,3 y 20,7 % de metástasis, respectivamente. La escala de Gleason más frecuente en pacientes metastásico fue siete, mientras que en los no metastásico fue menor o igual a seis con 53,8 %
Breathing through a diving snorkel; theory and experiment of air flow resistance and cost of breathing
Authors:   Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Univ of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Schellart N.A.M. ,   Foundation for Dive Research (SDR), Aerdenhout, The Netherlands
Published: February 2021

The snorkel allows a surface swimmer to observe the underwater world through the face mask without being disturbed by inhaling. The effect of a snorkel on breathing resistance and cost is widely held to be substantial. This study aims to model these parameters and to measure indirectly the actual increases. Further, resistances of differing designs and dimensions were assessed and recommendations were made concerning use and choice. Maximal voluntary ventilation in 12 seconds (MVV12) was measured in 19 volunteers seated on dry land with and without a classic J-type snorkel (inner diameter 20.5 mm). The extra and total resistances and costs were calculated using the MVV12 data and using estimated airways resistance extrapolated from subject’s demography and spirometric literature data. MVV12 measurements with snorkel showed a minute volume of 152 ± 38 L∙min-1, 6.0±3.7% lower than without snorkel (p = 7.0x10-6). The theoretical MVV12, calculated from snorkel and airways resistances, decreased by 3.2%. Experimental total breathing resistance (457 ± 83 Pa∙s∙L-1) was 6.5 ± 3.2% higher than without snorkel (p = 2.6x10-7), but the total mechanical breathing cost was unaffected by the snorkel (13.58 Watts with; 13.64 Watts without). Divers’ estimations of resistance increase were exaggerated (8.8% at rest, 23% swimming). Classical J-type snorkels with an inner diameter ≥19.5 mm add 3-16% resistance . There is no risk of hypercapnia. Scuba divers are recommended to use their snorkel to breathe more comfortably on the surface. It is recommended the snorkel be made a mandatory safety accessory. The best multipurpose snorkel (19-21 mm) has no top appendages and no water release valve.
Seizure during hyperbaric oxygen therapy: experience at a single academic hospital in Korea
Authors:   Dept of Emergency Med,Yonsei Univ Wonju College of Med, Wonju, Korea, Lee Chan Hee , Choi Jin Geul ,   Dept of Emergency Med,Yonsei Univ Wonju College of Med, Wonju, Korea,   Research Institute of Hyperbaric Medicine and Science Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea, Lee Je Seop ,   Dept of Emergency Med,Yonsei Univ Wonju College of Med, Wonju, Korea,   Research Institute of Hyperbaric Medicine and Science Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea, Lee Yoonsuk ,   Dept of Emergency Med,Yonsei Univ Wonju College of Med, Wonju, Korea,   Research Institute of Hyperbaric Medicine and Science Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea, Kim Hyun ,   Dept of Emergency Med,Yonsei Univ Wonju College of Med, Wonju, Korea,   Research Institute of Hyperbaric Medicine and Science Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea, Kim Yoon-Seop ,   Dept of Emergency Med,Yonsei Univ Wonju College of Med, Wonju, Korea,   Research Institute of Hyperbaric Medicine and Science Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea, Cha Yong Sung ,   Dept of Emergency Med,Yonsei Univ Wonju College of Med, Wonju, Korea,   Research Institute of Hyperbaric Medicine and Science Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
Published: February 2021

Background: Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy is a safe and well-tolerated treatment modality. Seizures, one of the most severe central nervous system side effects of HBO2 therapy, can occur. Episodes of seizures during HBO2 therapy have not yet been reported in countries such as Korea, where hyperbaric medicine is still in the developmental stage. Methods: The registry data of all patients treated with HBO2 therapy in a tertiary academic hospital in Korea were prospectively collected, and patients who developed seizures during HBO2 therapy between October 2016 and December 2019 were evaluated. In addition, we reviewed previous studies on occurrence of seizures during HBO2 therapy. Results: During the study period, a total of 10,425 treatments were provided to 1,308 patients. The most frequently treated indication was carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning (n=547, 41.8%). During the HBO2 therapy sessions (total: 10,425), five seizure episodes occurred (patients with CO poisoning: n=4; patients with arterial gas embolism [AGE]: n=1). The frequency of seizures in patients with CO poisoning (0.148%) and AGE (3.448%) was significantly higher than that in patients with all indications (0.048%) (p=0.001). None of the patients had lasting effects due to the seizures. Conclusion: Our study revealed a similar frequency rate in terms of all indications and CO poisoning, and a slightly higher rate in AGE. Seizures were observed in patients with CO poisoning and AGE. Therefore, if clinicians plan to operate a hyperbaric center in a country like Korea, where there are several patients with acute CO poisoning, they should be prepared to handle seizures that may occur during HBO2 therapy
An echo from the past: Building a Doppler repository for big data in diving research
Authors:   Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Univ of NC at Chapel Hill and NC State Univ, North Carolina U.S., Papadopoulou Virginie , Lindholm Peter ,   Dept of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Univ of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, U.S.
Published: February 2021

Decompression sickness (DCS) remains a major operational concern for diving operations, submarine escape and high-altitude jumps. Aside from DCS symptoms, venous gas emboli (VGE) detected with ultrasound postdive are often used as a marker of decompression stress in humans, with a specificity of 100% even though the sensitivity is poor [1]. Being non-invasive, portable and non-ionizing, ultrasound is particularly suited to regular and repeated monitoring. It could help elucidate interand intra-subject variability in VGE and DCS susceptibility, but analyzing these recordings remains a cumbersome task [2].
Board characteristics and financial performance in the insurance industry: An international empirical survey
Authors: di Biase Pasquale , Onorato Grazia
Published: February 2021

There are few studies in the literature on how the characteristics of boards of directors affect the performance of insurance companies. The purpose of this research is to investigate the characteristics of a company’s board that can have a significant impact on financial performance in the insurance sector. For this purpose, we performed a dynamic pooled regression model to test the impact of a wide range of board-specific factors. The survey has been conducted on an international sample of 119 listed insurance companies operating in the period 2009-2019. The sample includes companies from three geographical areas: North America, Europe and Asia. Our findings provide evidence that board structure and board independence are the most relevant governance factors, with a potentially positive impact on insurers’ market performance. These findings indirectly outline the opportunity for insurance companies to improve corporate fair value by strengthening internal governance models through effective board policies, an adequate qualification of board members and a well-balanced membership of the board. At the same time, there is still room for improvement as regards the level of board independence by strengthening internal governance policies in order to maintain an adequate number of independent and non-executive board members. The study upgrades the evidence arising from the existing literature by providing new elements to support a deeper understanding of the effects of insurance companies’ board characteristics on financial performance. Empirical results may also have important implications for both managers and policy makers.
An empirical taxonomy of purchasing practices in manufacturing firms in developing countries
Authors: Al-Rashid Abdelsalam , Al-Hiyari Rawan , Samawi Ghazi A , Mdanat Metri , Salhieh Loay
Published: February 2021

Purchasing has been viewed in recent literature as a strategic contributor to achieve competitiveness. However, purchasing models in extant literature lack a comprehensive approach to define the variety of purchasing practices implemented in each purchasing strategic category. This paper provides a rich description and an empirical assessment of different practices in the purchasing construct. The study proposes a framework to allocate a variety of purchasing practices according to their strategic priorities that need to be achieved. An abductive approach was used. Based on reviewed literature and in-depth interviews with ten academic consultants and purchasing managers, a Likert scale questionnaire administered to purchasing executives representing manufacturing companies registered in the Amman Stock Exchange from 62 companies in 11 industries. The questionnaire explored purchasing practices related to cost (13 items), quality (10 items), and availability (4 items). The results indicate that purchasing practices can be grouped into three categories including cost practices, quality practices, and availability practices. There is a significant relationship between different purchasing practices and related strategic priorities. Purchasing practices can be utilized to achieve multiple strategic priorities. This paper provides some insights for future research in the area purchasing practices.