bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Water Instant Noodle on Histologycal Appearance of Pregnant Mice (Mus musculus L.)
Authors: Sister Sianturi
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAK

 

Penelitian ini dilakukan sebagai lanjutan dari penelitian sebelumnya yaitu uji pemberian air rebusan mie instan pada mencit betina bunting dan diperoleh hasil bahwa terdapat kelainan fetus tetapi pada analisis statistic kelainan tersebut tidak signifikan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran histologi organ hepar mencit betina bunting setelah pemberian air rebusan mie instan. Tahapan penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: persiapan hewan uji mencit betina bunting yang sudah diberi perlakuan air rebusan mie instan dari 3 merek yang berbeda yaitu P1, P2, dan P3.Masing-masing perlakuan tersebut terdiri atas pemberian air rebusan dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda yaitu 30%, 50%, dan 70% selama 14 hari, kemudian mencit dikorbankan lalu diambil organ hepar,  pembuatan preparat histology, lalu diamati struktur histologinya. Metode pembuatan preparat histologi mengikuti prosedur pewarnaan HE (Haematoxyllin-Eosine). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perubahan struktur sel hepatosit hepar pada perlakuan yaitu degenerasi midzonal dan nekrosis. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya pengaruh pemberian perlakuan air rebusan mi instan terhadap susunan sel hepar. Penelitian menggunakan jumlah sampel organ yang terbatas sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian dengan sampel yang lebih banyak dan diperlukan adanya analisis statistik untuk mengetahui tingkat derajat kerusakan sel.

 

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted based on previous research, to test of giving instant noodle boiled water to pregnant female mice and the results showed that there were fetal abnormalities but the statistical analysis of these abnormalities was not significant. This study was conducted to determine the histology of the liver of pregnant female mice after giving instant noodle boiled water. The stages of this research are as follows: preparation of pregnant female mice that have been treated with instant noodle boiled water from 3 different brands, namely P1, P2, and P3. Each treatment consisted of giving boiled water with different concentrations of 30 %, 50%, and 70% for 14 days, then the mice were sacrificed and then the liver was taken, histology preparations were made, then the histological structure was observed. The method of making histology preparations followed the HE (Haematoxyllin-Eosine) staining procedure. The results showed that there were changes in the structure of the liver hepatocyte cells in the treatment, namely midzonal degeneration and necrosis. This shows that there is an effect of giving instant noodle boiled water treatment on the composition of liver cells. The study used a limited number of organ samples, so it is necessary to do research with more samples and statistical analysis is needed to determine the degree of cell damage
Antibacterial Activity of Grape Seeds Extracts (Vitis vinifera L.) Against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 31987
Authors: Fathin Hamida  , Vilya Syafriana  , Carla Febriayu Ramadhani  , Elsa Vera Nanda
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAK

Streptococcus mutans merupakan salah satu bakteri penyebab karies gigi. Penggunaan antibiotic merupakan terapi infeksi yang umum dilakukan untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Biji anggur diketahui mengandung senyawa polifenol yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aktivitas ektrak biji anggur terhadap Streptococcus mutans. Bahan uji yang digunakan adalah buah anggur yang diambil bijinya. Buah anggur diperoleh dari Pasar Induk, Kramat Jati, Jakarta Timur. Ekstrak biji anggur diperoleh dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etil asetat dan etanol 70%. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi cakram pada media Mueller Hinton Agar dengan konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 20%, dan 40%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 70% biji anggur memiliki aktivitas antibakteri pada konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 20%, dan 40% dengan nilai hambatan secara berurutan sebesar 8,46 mm; 8,91 mm; 9,89 mm; dan 11,04 mm. Hasil pada ekstrak etil asetat juga menunjukkan ada aktivitas penghambatan pada konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 20%, dan 40% dengan nilai hambatan secara berurutan sebesar 7,72 mm; 8,50 mm; 9,64 mm; dan 10,51 mm. Ekstrak etanol 70% biji anggur memiliki daya hambat yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan ekstrak etil asetat. Hasil ini dapat menjadi acuan untuk pengembangan potensi biji anggur sebagai bahan obat atau kosmedik (kosmetik-medik) penanganan karies gigi.

 

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus mutans is one of the bacteria that cause dental caries. The antibiotics usually used for the therapy of this infection to inhibit bacterial growth. Polyphenol, which recommended as an antibacterial agent, is common secondary metabolites in grape seeds. The purpose of this study is to know the activity of grape seed extract against Streptococcus mutans. The grape seeds were obtained from fresh fruits which bought from Pasar Induk, Kramat Jati, East Jakarta. The grape seed extract was obtained by the maceration method using ethyl acetate and 70% ethanol. The antibacterial activity test was carried out using the disk diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar media with a concentration of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40%. The results showed that 70% ethanol extract of grape seeds had antibacterial activity at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% with a value of 8.46 mm; 8.91 mm; 9.89 mm; and 11.04 mm respectively. The results of ethyl acetate extract also showed inhibitory activity at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% with values ​​of 7.72 mm; 8.50 mm; 9.64 mm; and 10.51 mm respectively. The inhibition of 70% ethanol extract of grape seed is greater than ethyl acetate extract. The results of the study can be used as reference for the potential development of grape seed as a medicinal or cosmedic cosmetic-medical) ingredient for treating dental caries.
איכות חיים בת-קיימה בישראל
Authors: יערי מנחם , הלפמן אלחנן , וייס אריאל , זוסמן נתן , חפץ אורי , מנדל הדס , עופר אבנר , פייטלסון ערן , פינקל יואל , קדר אורית , קנדל יוג'ין , ניב ירדן
Published: June 2021

איכות חיים טובה (well-being) היא שאיפתם של בני אדם רבים. ממשלות ומדינות שואפות להבטיח איכות חיים לתושביהן, ואף יש מי שיטענו שזו אמורה להיות תכליתן העליונה. אולם אין די בכך שהמדינה משגשגת ותושביה נהנים מרמת איכות חיים גבוהה אם אלה לא יוכלו להתקיים לאורך זמן. לפיכך על איכות החיים להיות בת-קיימה. המדינה זקוקה לאבני בוחן למדידת איכות החיים של תושביה כדי שתוכל לפעול לשיפורה. ממשלת ישראל הצטרפה למדינות רבות בעולם ואימצה בשנת 2015 אוסף מדדים מקיף למצב איכות החיים בישראל, ולמן שנת 2016 הלשכה המרכזית לסטטיסטיקה מפרסמת את המדדים האלה מדי שנה. כדי להשלים את פיתוח מדדי איכות החיים לישראל ולקבוע גם את המדדים לקיימותה פנו אל האקדמיה המשרד להגנת הסביבה, בנק ישראל, הלשכה המרכזית לסטטיסטיקה וקרן יד הנדיב בבקשה שתקים ועדת מומחים שתגבש המלצות בעניין זה. הפנייה אל האקדמיה נעשתה מתוקף תפקידה על פי חוק "לייעץ לממשלה בפעולות הנוגעות למחקר ולתכנון מדעי בעלי חשיבות לאומית". ואכן, נשיאת האקדמיה פרופ' נילי כהן מינתה את הוועדה במרס 2017, וחבריה הם חוקרים מתחומים שונים של מדעי החברה. בדוח זה מובאות מסקנותיה. יכולתה של מדינת ישראל לאפשר לתושביה איכות חיים טובה תלויה במשאבים או במלאי ההון העומדים לרשותה, ובייחוד במשאביה הכלכליים, הטבעיים, האנושיים, החברתיים והתרבותיים. בליבו של דוח זה עומדים מיפוי של משאבים אלה והמלצה לדרך מדידתם.
ההון הכלכלי, מרכיביו ותמונת המצב בישראל
Authors: שראל מיכאל
Published: June 2021

ההון הכלכלי כולל את אותן תשומות הנחוצות לייצור בתהליכים כלכליים בהווה ובעתיד ואשר אינן משמשות לצריכה שוטפת. כמושג, ההון מסתדר היטב עם ההיבט של פיתוח בר־קיימה (Smith et al., 2001). תמצית הקיימות היא שאנו מעוניינים שהייצור הכלכלי ימשיך לטובת העתיד (לא מכיוון שהייצור טוב מטבעו, אלא משום שהוא תורם לרווחת האדם). לשם כך עלינו לשמור על כמות מספקת של אמצעי הייצור — ההון הכלכלי — לאורך זמן. כבסיס רעיוני לפיתוח אינדיקטורים לפיתוח בר־קיימה גישת ההון מדברת על הצורך למדוד את היקף מלאי ההון ואת התפתחות סוגי ההון השונים לאורך זמן. ממצאים טנטטיביים באשר לישראל: •ייתכן שיש מחסור בהון פיזי, ומכל מקום אין כל עדות ל"עודף" בהון פיזי. •יש עדויות למחסור בהון ציבורי. •יש שפע של השקעות במו"פ, אך מידת החדשנות לא ממש חריגה. •גם האינדיקטור (החלקי) באשר לשירותי הון ידע מצביע על היקף מצומצם יחסית. •מצבה של ישראל מעולה בתחום המאזן החיצוני של המשק (מאזן התשלומים, עודף הנכסים על פני ההתחייבויות והחוב החיצוני). •מצבה של ישראל טוב מאוד בכל הקשור לחובות ברוטו של מגזרי המשק השונים. •קיימת בעיה פוטנציאלית חמורה בהרחבת הגירעון המבני של הממשלה בשנים האחרונות (אחרי 2015). הרחבה זו עלולה לסכן את היציבות ואת הקיימות, במיוחד אם יחמיר המשבר הכלכלי בעקבות התפשטות נגיף הקורונה בשנת 2020 , או אם יתפתח בעתיד הקרוב (בד בבד עם משבר נגיף הקורונה או סמוך אליו) משבר חמור נוסף מכל מקור אחר.
הון טבעי והון טבעי קריטי בישראל
Authors: צחור אסף
Published: June 2021

המונח "הון טבעי" מתייחס לסך האובייקטים הביוטיים והאביוטיים בסביבה הטבעית — הקרקעות, המים והאוויר, משאבי הטבע, המערכות האקולוגיות, הפלורה והפאונה, על מרכיביהם — אשר באינטראקצייה ביניהם מעלים תועלות חיוניות לחברת האדם: לעצם הקיום האנושי ולאיכות החיים. ככל שאובייקטים טבעיים אלו הולכים ואוזלים, ככל שמשאבי הטבע מתמצים או מידרדרים באיכותם, כך הזדמנויות הייצור והצריכה של מוצרים ושירותים מצטמצמות, תהליכי הפיתוח הכלכליים והאנושיים נפגעים, ואיכות החיים הכללית נשחקת. בהמשך לדיון הכללי בגישת ההון, סקירה מדעית זו מתמקדת בהון הטבעי, ובייחוד בהמשגה המקובלת שלו, ברכיביו, בתכונותיו הייחודיות ובגישה המקובלת לאומדנו ולקשיי תמחורו. באמצעות חמישה מבחנים, המכונים "מבחני קריטיות", הסקירה מציעה מיפוי ראשוני של נכסי הון טבעי החיוניים לאיכות החיים בישראל. לשיטה זו, נכסים טבעיים )או אקולוגיים( נדירים, מתכלים, חסרי תחליף, שנמצאים בריבונות לאומית ישראלית, והם בעלי זיקה ברורה לאיכות החיים בישראל, יהיו קריטיים מנכסים אחרים. את הנכסים האלה יש לנטר ולמדוד. הסקירה מגדירה כל אחד מהם ודנה בתרומתו לאיכות החיים לפי גישת שירותי המערכת האקולוגית ולאור מבחני הקריטיות. היא בוחנת בקצרה גם את הגורמים המשפיעים על מצבם של כל אחד מהנכסים ואת האומדנים המקובלים להערכתם ומתייחסת לאתגרים המרכזיים המסכנים את מצבם של נכסים אלה ושעימם ישראל מתמודדת. סקירה זו ממשיכה כדלהלן: הפרק הבא — הון טבעי: סקירה תאורטית — סוקר כמה מהנדבכים המרכזיים של גישת ההון אשר מתווים את גבולות הדיון בסקירה זו. פרק זה ממשיך בהמשגה של מחלקת הון טבעי ורכיביה, ומתייחס לתכונותיו הייחודיות של הון טבעי, דן בשיטותיה של מדידת נכסי ההון הטבעי ומציע כמה עקרונות לחיבור המדדים לתהליכים של עיצוב מדיניות. הפרק השלישי — נכסי הון טבעי קריטיים בהקשר הישראלי — כולל שבעה תתי־פרקים. בתתי־פרקים אלו הסקירה ממפה מיפוי ראשוני את נכסי ההון הטבעי הקריטיים ביותר לאיכות החיים בישראל, אגב הגדרת כל נכס, בירור תרומתו לאיכות החיים לפי גישת שירותי המערכת האקולוגית, בחינת מידת הקריטיות שלו לאיכות החיים בישראל לפי חמישה מבחני הקריטיות המוזכרים לעיל וסקירה קצרה של הגורמים המשפיעים על מצבו והאומדנים המקובלים להערכתם, לרבות ציון של יחידות המדידה הראויות. סקירה זו מזהה שש קטגוריות של נכסים קריטיים בישראל: קרקע, אדמה, מחצבי מינרלים ומקורות אנרגייה, אוויר, מערכות אקולוגיות ייחודיות בשמורות טבע )הכוללות מגוון ביולוגי( ומשאבי מים.
Culture and the Future Sustainability of Well-being in Israeli Society
Authors: Katz-Gerro Tally
Published: June 2021

This document summarizes the capital approach to sustainable well-being in the domain of culture. It provides an overview of the components of cultural capital discussed in the scientific literature, with an emphasis on cultural participation, as this is the single most important indicator whose links to well-being have been evaluated. The document provides an initial mapping of the critical components of cultural capital specific to the Israeli context, building on previous work conducted in other countries and on social science theory in this area. It presents the theoretical approach to the definition of these components and the international experience of using it for measuring sustainable well-being. The emphasis on cultural participation as one possible operationalization of cultural capital has three motivations. First, research points to a certain set of cultural participation indicators as representing cultural skills that are legitimate and desirable in society. Second, this set of cultural participation indicators has been shown to be associated with returns in the educational system and the labor market. Third, this set has been investigated in relation to indicators of psychological and physical well-being.
Advice to a Nation
Authors: Aliuddin Dina
Published: June 2021

This paper analyses the political thinking of Almarhum Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III through his Syair Nasihat or The Ode of Advice. Almarhum Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin III wrote Syair Nasihat in 1957 and it expresses His Majesty’s insights on how culture and ethical values are essential social elements for preserving and promoting what is recognisable today as the Maqāsid of the Sharī’ah. This paper argues that although the concept of ‘Islamic Governance’ is a recent addition to the Muslim political vocabulary, the practice of governing in an Islamic way is not. Almarhum Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III conveyed his ideas on Islamic Governance via the verses of his Ode of Advice where he expounded aspects of the Maqāsid, and as the mission of a true Islamic leader.
Approaches in Islamic Public Sector Management
Authors: Mohammed Jamil Azaharaini
Published: June 2021

Modern Public Sector Management are groups of public officials with the authority to formulate, interpret and implement government policies and programmes to achieve desired socio-economic development goals using a series of processes from planning, organising to leading and controlling. This paper explores whether or not the delivery of goods and services to the public is implemented in accordance with the objectives of the Qur’an and Sunnah, and in the light of the discussion made by a number of Islamic scholars that ‘none of the existing Muslim Countries has so far achieved a form of government that could be called genuinely Islamic’. By reflecting upon those claims, this paper examines the concept of Islamic Governance and the Maqāsid of the Sharī’ah and suggests approaches towards making Islamic values and principles play a more prominent role in the conduct of public affairs in Negara Brunei Darussalam.
Manoeuvring Power Dynamics: The Brunei Constitution 1959
Authors: Zawawi Majdey
Published: June 2021

Power plays an important role for progress and attaining the goals and needs of the state, and the authority to exercise power is through the constitution. Throughout the last two centuries, Brunei has undergone several manifestations of power, which was finally concluded with the establishment of the constitution. This paper will identify how power was manifested within three distinct systems that was utilised during the course of the late 19th and early 20th century. Through the use of historical analysis, the paper will categorise the different dynamics of power that will reveal the authority within the state within each structure. The constitution will be examined to reveal that it was an effort towards the reclamation of power for the state. This paper proposes that the constitution allows the rearticulating of power to fit the context of an Islamic system of governance. As a result of that, it allows the existence of key functions of an Islamic governance to be conceptualised.
Muslim State in a World of Nation-State
Authors: Aibong Nassef Manabilang
Published: June 2021

Muslim views on the polity represent the paradigmatic understandings of how Muslims relate citizenry, authority, territoriality, and sovereignty to the overarching influence of the Western nation-state system. For instance, the meaning of citizenry in the modern state system was adopted by several Muslim societies during the decolonisation period. Faith or submission to the will of Allah was the main criterion to become part of the group (usually referred to as the ummah). However, orientalists regarded ummah as a synonym for tribe, while Arab linguists insisted on a religious connotation. Authority, on the other hand, is ultimately enshrined in the personhood of the Prophetﷺ who is the spiritual leader, executor, legislator, and judicial interpreter of Allah’s message. Since in reality the Prophetﷺ is no longer existing, leadership is bestowed on the subsequent followers, and sometimes the ummah may possess leadership status through a social contract between the ruler and the ruled. The manifestation of operationalised authority needs a political space, domain, or place, which is attainable via the notion of territoriality. This is loosely conceptualised as an ummah that has geographical aspects, cultural traits, and a lingua franca. In the 8th century, jurists divided Muslim territoriality into two analytical terms, the abode of Islam (dār al-Islam) and the abode of war/the enemy (dār al-Harb), while the Shia version of abodes rests in the Qur’ānic dichotomy of “oppressed–oppressor.” The last concept pertains to sovereignty (hakimiyyah), commonly understood as “the will of God” and advanced by Islamists in the 20th century. In medieval times, it was understood as the promotion of public welfare envisaged in Sharī’ah, while in modern times, Islamic modernists argued that Islamists wrongfully understood sovereignty and that the root word used in the Qur’ān meant “to govern.” Nowadays, the assertion that symbolises Allah’s sovereignty can be found in some modern Muslim states.
State Actor Dynamics in Brunei’s Healthcare Policies
Authors: Fauzi Syazana
Published: June 2021

This study seeks to ascertain the state actor dynamics in Brunei’s healthcare policies from the perspectives of an Islamic system of governance, by first identifying the state actors, or institutions, involved in influencing, formulating and implementing Brunei’s healthcare policies. The ‘IGC Matrix’ is employed to establish the Islamic health ‘sets of expectations’ (SoEs), particularly in terms of prevention and treatment, and medical ethics, primarily derived from the Qur’ān and Prophet Muhammadﷺ’s Sunnah, in order to construct for this study a framework of reference. The SoEs are then compared against Brunei’s healthcare policies and activities to determine how much of the Islamic health SoEs are met. This study reveals that Brunei’s healthcare policies are largely motivated by non-Islamic inspirations, specifically by the World Health Organisation (WHO), but with numerous overlaps with Islamic demands. In other words, Brunei’s healthcare policies may be stemmed from a non-Islamic influence, but it does not necessarily mean that they are un-Islamic. And most, if not all, of Brunei’s healthcare policies demonstrate a top-down approach, where the state actors play a crucial role in shaping Brunei’s dynamical SoEs.
Fosterdiagnostikk mellom medisin og etikk
Authors: Levold Nora , Svingen Marit , Bruholt Ingrid
Published: June 2021

Artikkelen undersøker hvordan NIPT ble vedtatt implementert i det norske fosterdiagnostiske systemet gjennom en fagligpolitisk prosess mellom 2012 og 2017. Prosessen innebar at Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter for helsetjenesten, Helsedirektoratet (Hdir), Bioteknologirådet og Helse- og Omsorgsdepartementet (HOD) ga sine vurderinger av testen og sine råd omkring en eventuell implementering. Artikkelen finner at det i denne prosessen foregikk en forsiktig konvergens mellom de tradisjonelt helt ulike (og gjensidig utelukkende) måtene å forstå og å ramme inn fosterdiagnostikk på i Norge, dvs. i en ‘behandlingsramme’ og en ‘sorteringsramme’. Artikkelen argumenterer videre for at denne konvergensen var mulig fordi prosessen ble holdt innenfor de fagligpolitiske byråkratiene, og de ulike etatene var innstilt på å ‘samarbeide’ om å inkludere både kunnskap og verdier fra begge rammene i sine tilrådninger. Politikk for fosterdiagnostikk er imidlertid et svært politisk betent område i Norge, og denne konvergensen var et skjørt byggverk. Den sprakk da også opp i løpet av tre uker i mai 2020, da Fremskrittspartiet plutselig inngikk et ‘bioteknologiforlik’ med Arbeiderpartiet og SV etter at de hadde gått ut av Solbergregjeringen. Dermed endte spørsmålet om implementeringen av NIPT i Stortinget, hvor konvergensen i den fagpolitiske prosessen ble erstattet av de tradisjonelle frontene, og de gamle innrammingene igjen ble ‘satt i arbeid’. Artikkelen diskuterer avslutningsvis kort de bortimot uløselige dilemmaene disse innrammingene både representerer og produserer.
Analisis Kesiapan Guru dalam Penulisan dan Publikasi Karya Tulis Ilmiah
Authors: Syarifuddin Syarifuddin
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesiapan guru dalam menghasilkan dan mempublikasikan karya tulis ilmiah, baik dalam bentuk artikel ilmiah, laporan hasil penelitian, buku, dan jenis karya tulis ilmiah lainnya. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek penelitian adalah 23 orang guru yang terdiri dari guru sekolah dasar, guru sekolah menengah pertama, dan guru sekolah menengah atas, serta guru madrasah sederajat yang berada di wilayah kabupaten Bima yang bersedia memberikan tanggapan saat dilakukan penelitian. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data terdiri dari pertanyaan pilihan jawaban dan jawaban singkat. Pertanyaan tersebut disusun dalam bentuk google form dan edarkan secara online melalui media sosial whatsapp dan media sosial lainnya. Analisis data dengan mendeskripsikan pilihan jawaban maupun jawaban singkat dari responden kemudian mengelompokkannya berdasarkan kategori jawaban. Penelitian ini menunjukan tingkat kesiapan guru dalam menghasilkan karya tulis ilmiah masih rendah. Demikian juga dalam kesiapan maupun pengetahuan guru dalam mempublikasikan karya tulis ilmiah masih dalam kategori rendah. Porsentase guru yang pernah melakukan publikasi hasil penelitian sebesar 30.4%, dan porsentase guru yang pernah melakukan publikasi dalam bentuk buku hanya 8.7%. Porsentase tersebut berada pada kategori yang masih rendah.
Desenvolvimento de um metatexto didático para alunos do Ensino Médio
Authors: Leite Lopes Francisca Natália , Araújo Rebouças Francisco Ismael , Pereira Alves Luiz Eleildo
Published: June 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo relatar uma experiência de desenvolvimento de metatexto didático à luz dos pressupostos sociocognitivistas da linguagem e discutir como as questões desse metatexto revelam uma interseção entre teoria e prática. Para tais reflexões, discutimos questões importantes no que tange ao conceito de texto como evento comunicativo (BEAUGRANDE, 1997), bem como ao de atividade didática como metatexto à luz de Costa, Monteiro e Alves (2016) e à ideia de leitura como um sistema complexo (FRANCO, 2011). Construímos uma atividade a partir do poema Ismália, de Alphonsus de Guimaraens, voltada a alunos do 1º ano do ensino médio. Selecionamos sete questões, bem como o texto introdutório, para analisar os processos envolvidos no desenvolvimento desse metatexto. Intencionamos, com o desenvolvimento desse metatexto, estimular a leitura de um texto literário dentro da perspectiva de texto como evento comunicativo (BEAUGRANDE, 1997), em que todos os elementos, linguísticos e extralinguísticos servirão de base à construção de sentidos, induzindo a autonomia do aluno em sala de aula. Desse modo, espera-se que o ensino de língua materna não proporcione somente o desenvolvimento de habilidades linguísticas e estruturais, mas que também revele questões cognitivas do discente em face à emergência de sentidos mais amplos.
O ensino como trabalho: reflexões sobre a dimensão prescritiva do ensino de análise linguística em documentos oficiais
Authors: Sousa Francisco Rafael Mota de , Serafim Mônica De Souza , Ribeiro Pollyanne Bicalho
Published: June 2021

Compreender a disciplina escolar Língua Portuguesa requer não só dominar os conhecimentos de tal campo, mas mobilizá-los com outros aspectos da prática educativa, incluindo as recomendações de documentos oficiais. Entendidos como textos que prescrevem o trabalho docente, esses documentos constituem política oficial de Estado direcionando a práxis pedagógica de modo a atingir os objetivos propostos. Nesse sentido, este artigo reflete sobre a dimensão prescritiva do componente curricular Língua Portuguesa no Ensino Fundamental Anos Finais a partir da discussão sobre como os documentos oficiais recomendam o ensino de Análise Linguística. Para isso, fundamentados no conceito de trabalho prescrito (CLOT, 2007, 2013; MACHADO, 2002) e nas discussões sobre ensino de gramática/análise linguística (MENDONÇA, 2006; GERALDI, 2011), analisamos os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN) e a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), considerando as concepções de língua/linguagem e os objetivos para o ensino de Análise Linguística. Uma confrontação dos dois documentos mostrou que por serem guiados por uma perspectiva sociointeracionista da linguagem, eles confluem em muitos pontos sobre o ensino de Análise Linguística a partir de uma vertente que toma a língua em função de seus usos sociais, permitindo uma configuração do ensino de português alicerçado numa visão dialógica de linguagem, cujas práticas didáticas devem contribuir para a ampliação dos letramentos dos estudantes.
Da página em branco à educação do desejo: Escrita criativa e utopia no ensino de literatura
Authors: Lima Felipe Benicio de
Published: June 2021

Neste artigo, teço uma reflexão acerca do ensino de literatura, com enfoque na prática da escrita literária em sala de aula como uma importante e potente ferramenta para a formação crítica dos/as alunos/as. A partir de uma discussão acerca do que é literatura (ECO, 2003; EAGLETON, 2006), e de como ela vem sendo ensinada (LAJOLO, 1994; ZILBERMAN, 1990), argumento em prol da exploração da escrita criativa (MORLEY, 2007), mais especificamente, a escrita literária, no âmbito do ensino de literatura como uma maneira de ampliar as possibilidades pedagógicas dessa disciplina. Mas apenas isso: entendendo a necessidade de criação (por meio da imaginação, fabulação) como um traço inerente ao ser humano, conforme apontado por Gullar (2014) e Candido (1995), exploro a maneira como a escrita literária pode funcionar como uma ferramenta utópica (SOUSA, 2007; SZACHI, 1972), que promove uma educação do desejo (LEVITAS, 2011), por meio da qual os/as alunos/as podem exercitar a liberdade de criar mundos outros, lançando um olhar crítico para o mundo à sua volta. Em última instância, tal prática almeja ser uma outra forma cativar os/as alunos/as, tornando-os/as leitores/as críticos/as — objetivo primordial do ensino de literatura.
Utilising Online Gamification to Promote Student Success and Retention in Tertiary Settings
Authors: Harrington Ingrid , Mellors Marc J.
Published: June 2021

The role of gamification in Australian higher educational learning has gained increasing currency in recent years, with many proponents promoting its usefulness for improving the university student experience by increasing progression and lowering attrition, particularly among first year students (Charles, Charles, McNeill, Bustard, & Black, 2011). However, some students express reservations that the inherently competitive nature of some gamified learning activities negatively impact their learning experience, especially when compared to classic instructional methods (Charles et al., 2011). This discussion and instructional paper undertakes a review of the gamification literature within the Australian higher education context, concurrently exploring what it means and how to use gamification to enhance student learning. The paper provides a short biographic summary of the positive impact selected popular gamified activities has had on improving student engagement, participation and retention in tertiary settings.
Outcome Prediction for Patients With Ischemic Stroke in Acute Care: New Three-Level Model by Eating and Bladder Functions
Authors: Uchida Kensaku , Uchiyama Yuki , Domen Kazuhisa , Koyama Tetsuo
Published: June 2021

Objective To develop a new prediction model by combining independence in eating and bladder management functions, and to assess its utility in an acute care setting.Methods Patients with ischemic stroke who were admitted in our acute stroke care unit (n=250) were enrolled in this study. Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores for eating and bladder management on the initial day of rehabilitative treatment (median, 3 days) were collected as predictive variables. These scores were divided into low (<5) and high (≥5) and categorized as values 0 and 1, respectively. From the simple summation of these two-level model values, we derived a three-level model that categorized the scores as values 0, 1, and 2. The FIM-motor scores at discharge (median, 14 days) were collected as outcome measurements. The three-level model was assessed by observing the distribution patterns of the outcome FIM-motor scores and logistic regression analyses.Results The median outcome FIM-motor score was 19 (interquartile range [IQR],13.8–45.3) for the value 0 category (n=14), 66.5 (IQR, 59.5–81.8) for the value 1 category (n=16), and 84 (IQR, 77–89) for the value 2 category (n=95) in the three-level model. Data fitting by logistic regression for FIM-motor scores of 41.3 and 61.4 reached 50% probability of values 1 and 2, respectively.Conclusion Despite the simplicity of the three-level model, it may be useful for predicting outcomes of patients with ischemic stroke in acute care.
How Two Different Cenozoic Geologic and Glacial History Paradigms Explain the Southcentral Montana Musselshell-Yellowstone River Drainage Divide Origin, USA
Authors: Clausen Eric
Published: June 2021

The accepted Cenozoic geologic and glacial history paradigm (accepted paradigm) considers the southcentral Montana Musselshell-Yellowstone River drainage divide to have originated during Tertiary (or preglacial) time while a new and different Cenozoic geologic and glacial history paradigm (new paradigm) describes how headward erosion of a northeast-oriented Musselshell River valley segment captured huge southeast-oriented meltwater floods to create the drainage divide late during a continental ice sheet’s melt history. Northwest to southeast oriented divide crossings (low points observed on detailed topographic maps where water once flowed across the drainage divide), southeast-oriented Yellowstone and Musselshell River segments immediately upstream from northeast-oriented Yellowstone and Musselshell River segments, and southeast- and northwest-oriented tributaries to northeast-oriented Yellowstone and Musselshell River segments indicate a major southeast-oriented drainage system predated the northeast-oriented Yellowstone and Musselshell River segments. Closeness of the divide crossings, divide crossing floor elevations, large escarpment-surrounded erosional amphitheater-shaped basins, and unusual flat-floored internally drained basin areas (straddling the drainage divide), all suggest the previous southeast-oriented drainage system moved large quantities of water which deeply eroded the region. In the mid-20th century geomorphologists working from the accepted paradigm perspective determined trying to explain such erosional landform evidence from the accepted paradigm perspective was a nonproductive research activity and now rarely investigate erosional landform origins. On the other hand, the new paradigm appears to explain most, if not all observed erosional landform features, although the two paradigms lead to significantly different regional Cenozoic geologic and glacial histories that cannot be easily compared.  
Antecedentenscreening in de financiële sector
Authors: van ’t Zand E.G. , Schuyt P.M. , Crijns J.H.
Published: June 2021

Antecedentenscreening in de financiële sector – een empirische blik op integriteitswaarborging door de uitwisseling en beoordeling van antecedenten

In de financiële sector vinden steeds meer integriteitstoetsingen en -screenings plaats. Het beoordelen van integriteit draait niet alleen om strafrechtelijke antecedenten, maar ook om toezichtantecedenten, (fiscaal) bestuursrechtelijke antecedenten, financiële antecedenten en tuchtrechtelijke antecedenten. Juridisch-empirisch onderzoek laat zien dat de financiële sector zich kenmerkt door een bont geschakeerd palet aan instanties die integriteitseisen stellen, het gedrag van professionals en ondernemingen toetsen en daarvoor onderling gegevens over antecedenten delen. Aangezien het totale integriteitsinstrumentarium veel overlap kent, is meer duidelijkheid over hoe lang, op welke wijze en in welke contexten antecedenten kunnen doorwerken onontbeerlijk. Daarbij lijkt het aangewezen meer oog te hebben voor de consistentie en systematiek in het totale systeem van integriteitstoetsingen en -screenings.
Douanebeslag en het strafrecht
Authors: Altena A.P.
Published: June 2021

Douanebeslag en het strafrecht

Wanneer het gaat over beslag dat wordt gelegd in strafzaken, dan zal men niet snel denken aan de Algemene douanewet als grondslag voor beslag. Toch biedt deze wet een niet-strafvorderlijke beslaggrond voor opsporingsambtenaren. Dit douanebeslag is ook op andere vlakken verbonden met het strafrecht. Zo is het uitsluitend de strafrechter die controleert of deze fiscale beslaggrond terecht is toegepast. In dit artikel wordt onderzocht wat het douanebeslag precies inhoudt en welke verwevenheid er bestaat met het strafrecht.
Gebleken onschuld tijdens de civiele schadevergoedingsprocedure
Authors: Nan J.S.
Published: June 2021

Gebleken onschuld tijdens de civiele schadevergoedingsprocedure – Noot bij HR 25 september 2020, ECLI:NL:HR:2020:1526

Schadevergoeding voor schade door het strafproces De gewezen verdachte kan na een goede afloop van de tsrafzaak om vergoeding van bepaalde kosten en schade verzoeken binnen het strafproces. Die mogelijkheden worden aangevuld door de civiele actie uit onrechtmatige overheidsdaad. De civiele rechter moet behoorlijk strenge eisen stellen eerdat een vordering kan worden toegewezen. Bij de zogeheten ‘gebleken onschuld’ moet vanuit de strafzaak komen vast te staan dat eiser inderdaad onschuldig is. Hoewel dit kan knellen met de onschuldpresumptie van art. 6 lid 2 EVRM, houdt de civiele kamer vast aan deze grondslag voor schadevergoeding.
A BAYESIAN APPROACH TO DETECT INFORMATIVE OBSERVATIONS IN A REGRESSION EXPERIMENT BASED ON GENERALIZED ENTROPY MEASURES
Authors: MORALES D. , PARDO L.
Published: June 2021

In this paper we identify subsets of the data that appear to have a disproportionate influence on the estimated normal regression model in a Bayesian context. Generalized entropy measures are used to detect a set of most informative observations in a given design.
ON BEST APPROXIMATIONS IN THE LEBESGUE-BOCHNER SPACE $L^1(X)$
Authors: PAPAGEORGIOU NIKOLAOS S.
Published: June 2021

If $\Sigma_0\subseteq \Sigma$ is a sub-$\sigma$-field and $X$ a reflexive Banach space, we show that the Lebesgue-Bochner space $L^1(\Sigma_0, X )$ is proximinal in $L^1(\Sigma, X)$. Then we examine how the set of best approximations and the distance function depend on $\Sigma_0$.
GEODESIC TUBES ON LOCALLY SYMMETRIC SPACES
Authors: PAPANTONIOU B. J.
Published: June 2021

In this paper we state and prove a characteristic relation which exists, between the eigenspaces of the Ricci transformation $R(N, - )N$ acting on the orthocomplement space of $N$ in $T_mM$ where $m \in M$, $M$ being a locally symmetric space, and the Weingarten map $S_N$ of small enough geodesic tubes of $M$.
Modelos de machine learning para predição do sucesso de startups
Authors: Rodrigues Fabiano , Rodrigues Francisco Aparecido , Rocha Rodrigues Thelma Valéria
Published: June 2021

Este estudo analisa resultados obtidos com modelos de machine learning para predição do sucesso de startups. Como proxy de sucesso considera-se a perspectiva do investidor, na qual a aquisição da startup ou realização de IPO (Initial Public Offering) são formas de recuperação do investimento. A revisão da literatura aborda startups e veículos de financiamento, estudos anteriores sobre predição do sucesso de startups via modelos de machine learning, e trade-offs entre técnicas de machine learning. Na parte empírica, foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa baseada em dados secundários oriundos da plataforma americana Crunchbase, com startups de 171 países. O design de pesquisa estabeleceu como filtro startups fundadas entre junho/2010 e junho/2015, e uma janela de predição entre junho/2015 e junho/2020 para prever o sucesso das startups. A amostra utilizada, após etapa de pré-processamento dos dados, foi de 18.571 startups. Foram utilizados seis modelos de classificação binária para a predição: Regressão Logística, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Extreme Gradiente Boosting, Support Vector Machine e Rede Neural. Ao final, os modelos Random Forest e Extreme Gradient Boosting apresentaram os melhores desempenhos na tarefa de classificação. Este artigo, envolvendo machine learning e startups, contribui para áreas de pesquisa híbridas ao mesclar os campos da Administração e Ciência de Dados. Além disso, contribui para investidores com uma ferramenta de mapeamento inicial de startups na busca de targets com maior probabilidade de sucesso.
Descompasso na saúde pública: o acesso à justiça e a judicialização versos o direito à saúde na Constituição de 1988
Authors: Fortunato Beatriz Casagrande , Botelho Marcos César
Published: June 2021

A realidade brasileira nacional dos últimos anos é de inúmeros processos judiciais solicitando a prestação de serviços com fundamento no direito à saúde, seja pela ineficiência e/ou ineficácia das políticas públicas existentes, ou então sua inexistência. Essa situação, conhecida como judicialização da saúde, pode conduzir os juízes a interpretações exacerbadas aplicando e determinando a efetivação de um direito a saúde de forma ilimitada. Consequentemente, os processos, carregam desigualdades e desproporcionalidades, vez que beneficiam tão somente seus demandantes quando procedentes. Desse modo, diante desse contexto, o presente trabalho, a luz do método dedutivo, pretende demonstrar que os problemas da judicialização da saúde simbolizam uma forma desigual de acessar prestações e serviços de saúde, e até mesmo desproporcional, considerando a exequibilidade das decisões judiciacias. Destarte, conclui-se pela necessidade de uma justiça por equidade, a partir do apoio técnico especializado ao magistrado, como a platarforma e-NATJus.
Uma análise juseconômica dos desincentivos à prática de insider trading no Brasil
Authors: Ferraz Daniel Amin , Otman Samira Mohamad Ali Mahmoud
Published: June 2021

A noção popular de que o uso de informação privilegiada (insider trading) é um crime sem punição, e cuja prática “compensa”, tem sido difundida no Brasil. Mesmo o aumento do número de condenações na esfera administrativa não parece dissuadir a sua ocorrência, a despeito da cominação de multas superiores ao ganho esperado pela prática do crime. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar a estrutura de desincentivos à prática de insider trading no Brasil, e verificar se é suficiente para repelir o seu cometimento. Por meio de análise normativa e da atividade sancionadora da CVM (e correspondente judicialização de casos), da jurisprudência do STJ sobre a matéria e de pesquisa doutrinária, este artigo demonstra, à luz da Teoria Econômica do Crime, que a fixação de multas elevadas em relação às vantagens obtidas com esse crime não é suficiente para desincentivar essa prática devido à baixa probabilidade de punição dos agentes.
Práticas colaborativas & bioética: a interdisciplinaridade do conflito
Authors: De Lucca Jamile Garcia , Wolkmer Maria de Fátima Schumacher , Borges Gustavo Silveira
Published: June 2021

Diante dos avanços materiais e tecnológicos da medicina, a expectativa de vida aumentou significativamente. No entanto, em que pese a redução de doenças e mortalidades, quando o paciente se encontra acometido por doenças incuráveis ou não mais responsivas a tratamentos, surgem os conflitos de fim de vida. A contemporaneidade nos coloca diante de novos tipos de conflitos, tão complexos que ultrapassam as concepções tradicionais de Direito ou Medicina. Levando isso em consideração, o presente artigo busca explicitar como as Práticas Colaborativas podem auxiliar na transição dos conflitos de fim de vida a partir de um diálogo interdisciplinar, considerando a Bioética e seus princípios. O método de abordagem utilizado é o dedutivo, com técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica e procedimento monográfico.
TB prevention cascade at a district hospital in rural Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: van de Water B. J. , Meyer T. N. , Wilson M. , Young C. , Gaunt B. , le Roux K. W.
Published: June 2021

SETTING: Rural Eastern Cape, South Africa.OBJECTIVE: To identify steps in the TB preventive care cascade from routinely collected data among TB patients at a district hospital prior to the implementation of a novel TB program.DESIGN: This was a retrospective
study. We adapted the TB prevention cascade to measure indicators routinely collected at district hospitals for TB using a cascade framework to evaluate outcomes in the cohort of close contacts.RESULTS: A total of 1,722 charts of TB patients were reviewed. The majority of patients
(87%) were newly diagnosed with no previous episodes of TB. A total of 1,548 (90%) patients identified at least one close contact. A total of 7,548 contacts were identified with a median of 4.9 (range 1–16) contacts per patient. Among all contacts identified, 2,913 (39%) were screened
for TB. Only 15 (0.5%) started TB preventive therapy and 122 (4.4%) started TB treatment. Nearly 25% of all medical history and clinical information was left unanswered among the 1,722 TB charts reviewed.CONCLUSION: Few close contacts were screened or started on TB preventive therapy
in this cohort. Primary care providers for TB care in district health facilities should be informed of best practices for screening and treating TB infection and disease.
„Ein Bild, das uns gleich sei“ Warum glauben wir, mit Robotern auf Augenhöhe kommunizieren zu können?
Authors: Siegemund Axel
Published: June 2021

Die Erforschung menschlicher Zuschreibungen auf Roboter konzentriert sich auf die Frage, wie man bio- bzw. anthropomorphe Maschinen schafft, um Akzeptanz oder einen bestimmten Umgang mit ihnen zu stiften. Abgesehen davon müssen wir kommunikationstheoretisch fragen, warum Maschinen überhaupt für Zuschreibungen offen sind. Dieser Artikel argumentiert, dass wir Roboter menschenähnlich konzeptualisieren, weil wir sie als Speicher für unverfügbar gemachte Standards und Handlungsanweisungen brauchen. Künftig werden sie als Medien des Unverfügbaren wirken. Sie werden zur Interaktion mit dem Unantastbaren beitragen, Überzeugungen generieren und Handlungen anleiten.
Die Bewertung, Akkreditierung und die Auswahl von Professor*innen und wissenschaftlichem Personal an Universitäten in Spanien
Authors: Gardella Mercè Darnaculleta
Published: June 2021

The article outlines the evaluation, accreditation and selection of professors and academic staff at universities in Spain. First, the historical development of the selection system is outlined, in order to be able to deal with the current design of the access to an academic position at a university. The article concludes with a critical look at the current competitive system and accreditation system.
Rechtliche Grundlagen der Alternativen Bildung in Taiwan: Die Bildungsverfassung als Ausgangspunkt
Authors: Hsu Chiao-Ching
Published: June 2021

Die Alternativschulen in Taiwan sind die Bildungseinrichtung, die das Lernen außerhalb des gesetzlichen nationalen Lehrplans anbieten. Der Artikel beschreibt ihre Rechtsgrundlagen und Entwicklung und analysiert die Verfassungsmäßigkeit der Alternativschulgesetze.
Die deutschen Schulgesetze als Mittel der Steuerung im Bildungswesen
Authors: Breiwe René
Published: June 2021

Der Beitrag zeigt, inwiefern die deutschen Schulgesetze zwischen der Performation und Transformation machtwirksamer Differenzordnungen changieren. Hierzu wird eine bildungswissenschaftliche Analyse der Gesetze aufgegriffen und aktualisiert. Zudem erfolgen Impulse zur Weiterentwicklung der Gesetze.
Paying for the Consequences. How Privatization and Austerity Disabled Infection Protection Law
Authors: García Helena Alviar , Frankenberg Günter
Published: June 2021

The authors argue that the privatization of health care not only privileges profitable health provision and loses sight especially of community services and basic medical treatment but also tends to imply a crippling change of the legal tools available to face a pandemic. Privatization, flanked by austerity programs, disempowers public health institutions and authorities as well as disables the regular legal regimes covering public health. When confronted by a pandemic, they hold, privatized systems lay bare the limitations of healthcare understood as a business and framed within insurance contracts, not universal rights. After introducing the core elements of neoliberalism and the tailor-made reduction of law’s vertical, regulatory power the authors discuss in which respects public health systems are privatized how deregulation, austerity and reduced welfare are essential to privatization. They show how the law of danger prevention is replaced by a legal regime of market transactions, focusing on the liberalized elements of healthcare and some of the crucial legal instruments in various socio-economic and political contexts. In the final section follows an analysis of various legal strategies in a few selected countries that illustrates how privatization disabled regular infection protection law and as a consequence favored authoritarian responses to the pandemic.
Post-Conflict Land Restitution: The German Experience in Relation to Colombian Law 1448 of 2011
Authors: Baade Björnstjern
Published: June 2021

This article compares the legal regimes of land restitution that were enacted in Germany, after World War II and again after the Cold War, with those enacted in Colombia after a decades-long armed conflict, in which many people lost their land. Many parallels can be drawn between these experiences: both countries decided to restitute land in an effective manner but also excluded groups of victims - which was accepted by both countries’ constitutional courts. Important differences emerge regarding the function of restitution for the resolution of the conflict and in its implementation in practice. These differences are owed to the different origins and causes of the conflicts, and to different circumstances prevailing at the time of restitution. It can be clearly shown that post-conflict restitution of land is very context-sensitive. Neither in Germany nor in Colombia were the objectives of the restitution regimes, individual justice and further policy aims, fully achieved. Nevertheless, the considerable extent to which justice was indeed attained by restitution should not be talked down or diminished.
Sexualisierte Gewalt gegen Kinder und elektronische Medien. Die Sichtweise der forensischen Psychiatrie
Authors: Nedopil Norbert , Schiltz Kolja
Published: June 2021

Pädosexuelle Internetpornographie und Kindsmissbrauch im Internet werden immer häufiger aufgedeckt. Über die dadurch verursachten Schäden bei den Opfern wissen wir relativ wenig; die Täter bleiben wegen der Anonymität und der grenzüberschreitenden Aktivität im Internet oft unentdeckt. Das Phänomen gewinnt nicht nur für Polizei und Justiz zunehmende Bedeutung sondern auch für die forensische Psychiatrie. Schuldfähigkeitsbegutachtungen, Risikoeinschätzungen, Behandlungs- und Präventionsmöglichkeiten gehören auch bei diesen Tätern zu den wesentlichen Aufgaben, aber auch die vorbeugende Betreuung bei jenen, die sich selber in der Gefahr sehen, derartige Straftaten zu begehen. Um diese Ziele zu erreichen, ist es erforderlich, das aktuelle Wissen über die Verbreitung der Delinquenz, die Motivationen und das Bedingungsgefüge für Tatbegehungen, die Umstände, unter denen die Delinquenz von statten geht, und die Methoden der Prävention zu kennen. Der Artikel versucht den aktuellen Wissenstand zusammen zu fassen und daraus Schlussfolgerungen für die Schuldfähigkeitsbeurteilung, die Risikoerfassung und die Behandlung und Prävention bei identifizierten Tätern, aber auch bei jenen, die vorsorgend eine Therapie suchen, abzuleiten.