bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First‐Principles Study on the Electronic, Magnetic, and Optical Properties in TM Atom Doped Cadmium Sulfide Nanosheets
Authors: Chen Xinlian , Li Ping , Ren Miaojuan , Wang Peiji
Published: July 2019

The authors perform first‐principles calculation on the electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of transition‐metal (TM) atom (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, or Ni) doped CdS nanosheets (CdSNSs). The results indicate that the pristine CdSNSs are nonmagnetic and exhibit a direct semiconductor feature with the bandgap of ≈1.80 eV. However, TM atom doping results in spin‐polarized states with the preservation of its direct band gap character. The authors find that Cr, Co, or Ni doped nanosheets are half‐metallic. In contrast, Mn and Fe doped nanosheets are still semiconductors. The authors also find that the magnetism of TM‐doped CdS NSs is mainly attributed to the TM atom with a strong localized magnetic moment. Moreover, the red‐shift phenomenon is found in the region below 1.5 eV, which makes TM atom doped CdSNSs a good platform for realizing optical properties in the visible region.
Review of sensorless control techniques for PMSM drives
Authors: Wang Qiong , Wang Shuanghong , Chen Chuanhai
Published: July 2019

Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive systems have been increasingly applied in all kinds of high‐power AC drives because of their inherent advantages of good performance, rapid dynamic response, as well as high reliability and efficiency. Precise control of the system traditionally depends on the shaft encoder, but the presence of the encoder could result in increased cost and volume, reduced reliability, etc. Therefore, the development of sensorless control techniques is important to avoid the above issues by the elimination of the sensor. Based on the running process of the motor, sensorless control techniques can be classified into four categories: initial position detection methods (IPDMs), low‐speed control strategies, mid‐high‐speed control strategies, and full‐speed control strategies. The fundamental principles, their advantages and disadvantages, the control precision, and the application range of these strategies on surface and interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (SPMSMs, IPMSMs) are described in detail in this paper. Finally, the development trend of PMSM sensorless control technologies is discussed. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Vitamin D, Autoimmune Disease and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Harrison Stephanie R. , Li Danyang , Jeffery Louisa E. , Raza Karim , Hewison Martin
Published: July 2019

Vitamin D has been reported to influence physiological systems that extend far beyond its established functions in calcium and bone homeostasis. Prominent amongst these are the potent immunomodulatory effects of the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3). The nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) for 1,25-(OH)2D3 is expressed by many cells within the immune system and resulting effects include modulation of T cell phenotype to suppress pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 CD4+ T cells and promote tolerogenic regulatory T cells. In addition, antigen-presenting cells have been shown to express the enzyme 1α-hydroxylase that converts precursor 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3) to 1,25-(OH)2D3, so that immune microenvironments are able to both activate and respond to vitamin D. As a consequence of this local, intracrine, system, immune responses may vary according to the availability of 25-OHD3, and vitamin D deficiency has been linked to various autoimmune disorders including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this review is to explore the immune activities of vitamin D that impact autoimmune disease, with specific reference to RA. As well as outlining the mechanisms linking vitamin D with autoimmune disease, the review will also describe the different studies that have linked vitamin D status to RA, and the current supplementation studies that have explored the potential benefits of vitamin D for prevention or treatment of RA. The overall aim of the review is to provide a fresh perspective on the potential role of vitamin D in RA pathogenesis and treatment.
Compliance with the ERAS Protocol and 3‐Year Survival After Laparoscopic Surgery for Non‐metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Pisarska Magdalena , Torbicz Grzegorz , Gajewska Natalia , Rubinkiewicz Mateusz , Wierdak Mateusz , Major Piotr , Budzyński Andrzej , Ljungqvist Olle , Pędziwiatr Michał
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways have been proven to enhance postoperative recovery, reduce morbidity, and reduce length of hospital stay after colorectal cancer surgery. However, despite the benefits of the ERAS program on short‐term results, little is known about its impact on long‐term results.

Objective

The aim of the study was to determine the association between adherence to the ERAS protocol and long‐term survival after laparoscopic colorectal resection for non‐metastatic cancer.

Material and Methodology

Between 2013 and 2016, 350 patients underwent laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection in the 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, and were enrolled for further analysis. The relationship between the rate of compliance with the ERAS protocol and 3‐year survival was analyzed according to the Kaplan–Meier method with log‐rank tests. Patients were divided into two groups according to their degree of adherence to the ERAS interventions: Group 1 (109 patients), < 80% adherence, and Group 2 (241 patients), ≥ 80% adherence. The primary outcome was overall 3‐year survival. The secondary outcomes were postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, and recovery parameters.

Results

The groups were similar in terms of demographics and surgical parameters. The median compliance to ERAS interventions was 85.2%. The Cox proportional model showed that AJCC III (HR 3.28, 95% CI 1.61–6.59, p = 0.0021), postoperative complications (HR 2.63, 95% CI 1.19–5.52, p = 0.0161), and compliance with ERAS protocol < 80% (HR 3.38, 95% CI 2.23–5.21, p = 0.0102) were independent predictors for poor prognosis. Additionally, analysis revealed that adherence to the ERAS protocol in Group 2 with ≥ 80% adherence was associated with a significantly shorter length of hospital stay (6 vs. 4 days, p < 0.0001), a lower rate of postoperative complications (44.7% vs. 23.3%, p < 0.0001), and improved functional recovery parameters: tolerance of oral diet (53.4% vs. 81.5%, p < 0.0001) and mobilization (77.7% vs. 96.1%, p < 0.0001) on the first postoperative day.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study reports an association between adherence to the ERAS protocol and long‐term survival after laparoscopic colorectal resection for non‐metastatic cancer. Lower adherence to the protocol, independent from stage of cancer and postoperative complications, was an independent risk factors for poorer survival rates.
Selective Histological Examination After Cholecystectomy: An Analysis of Current Daily Practice in The Netherlands
Authors: Corten B. J. G. A. , Leclercq W. K. G. , Dejong C. H. , Roumen R. M. H. , Slooter G. D.
Published: July 2019

Background

The 2016 Dutch national guidelines on handling of a removed gallbladder for cholelithiasis proposes a selective histopathologic policy (Sel‐HP) rather than routine policy (Rout‐HP). The aim of this study was to determine the current implementation of the present guideline and the daily practice of Sel‐HP.

Methods

Surgeons who were engaged in gallbladder surgery in the Netherlands and were involved in local hospitals’ gallbladder protocols completed a questionnaire study regarding gallbladder policy, between December 2017 and May 2018. Data were analyzed using standard statistics.

Results

A 100% response rate was obtained (n = 74). Approximately 64% of all gallbladders (n = 22,500) were examined microscopically. Sixty‐nine (93.2%) hospitals confirmed they were aware of the new guidelines, and 56 (75.7%) knew the guideline was adjusted in favor of Sel‐HP. Half of the hospitals (n = 35, 47.3%) had adopted a Sel‐HP, and 39 (52.7%) a Rout‐HP. Of the 39 hospitals who had a Rout‐HP, 36 were open to a transition to a Sel‐HP although some expressed the need for more evidence on safety or novel guidelines.

Conclusions

The current implementation of the 2016 Dutch guideline advising a selective microscopic analysis of removed gallbladders for gallstone disease is suboptimal. Evidence demonstrating safety and cost‐effectiveness of an on demand histopathological examination will aid in the implementation process.
Cytokine profiling in anti neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: a cross-sectional cohort study
Authors: Hoffmann Johanna Charlotte , Patschan Daniel , Dihazi Hassan , Müller Claudia , Schwarze Katrin , Henze Elvira , Ritter Oliver , Müller Gerhard Anton , Patschan Susann
Published: July 2019

ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV) are severe diseases, potentially affecting lungs, kidney, and other organs. Nevertheless, risk profiling remains difficult. Aim of the current study was to analyze serological characteristics in AAV. The principal goal was to identify diagnostic markers that potentially allow a more sophisticated risk profiling in AAV. AAV subjects were recruited and evaluated for disease activity, disease stage, medication, and laboratory findings. Serum concentrations of the following parameters were measured: IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 A, IL-17 F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, TNF-α, sCD40L, IL-4, IL-10, IL-25, IL-31, IL-33, and INF-γ. A total number of 62 AAV subjects was included in the study (39 females; 23 males). Forty-five subjects were PR3+, 17 subjects showed ANCA specificity for MPO. The majority of all cytokines fell under the lower detection limit of the assay. Serum IL-10 was higher in both, AAV and SSc as compared to controls; it was also higher in early systemic AAV. Serum IL-33 was elevated in AAV and SSc; in AAV, higher levels were found in non-necrotizing GN and RTX untreated subjects. Serum CD40L was raised in AAV as well; higher concentrations were also found in PR3+ and MPO+ patients and early systemic, generalized, and refractory AAV. IL-10 may potentially serve as a marker of early systemic AAV. IL-33 may help to identify subjects with a higher risk for necrotizing GN in AAV.
Occurrence of Placer Gold in the Marlagalla-Allapatna Areas, Mandya District, Karnataka
Authors: Rajendran R. , Jagadeesan P. , Thirupathi P.V. , Durani Smeer , Rai S.D. , Bhatt A.K. , Zakaulla Syed , Nanda L.K. , Rai A.K.
Published: July 2019

Occurrence of placer gold is reported for the first time in the insitu and colluvial gravels derived from amphibolite/hornblende schist, associated pegmatite and quartz veins of Nagamangala schist belt in Marlagalla –Allapatna areas, Mandya district, Karnataka. Gold occurs in the form of small nuggets, measured up to 3mmx4mm in size and 0.2 gram in weight. The host rock is amphibolite which are intruded by numerous pegmatite and quartz veins. The pegmatites are complex, highly evolved type and contain economic concentration of rare metal bearing minerals viz., columbite-tantalite, beryl and spodumene. Prolonged weathering of these rocks resulted in liberation of gold from host rocks and concentrated in the insitu/eluvial and colluvial gravels. The present finding of gold opens up a new vista for further detailed geological/geochemical exploration to establish and evaluate gold potential in the eluvial, colluvial gravels as well as in the other lithounits of Nagamangala schist belt in Marlagalla-Allapatna areas.
Planktonic Foraminifera from the Neogene Volcaniclastic Sediments of South Andaman Island: Implication on Stratigraphy
Authors: Koley Tarun , Parhi Swetalina , Anju C.S. , Wanjarwadkar K.M.
Published: July 2019

The Neogene volcaniclastic sediments of South Andaman are inter-bedded with shale and siltstone; and occur as a linear band in South Andaman. Planktonic foraminiferal assemblage comprising Globigerinoides quadrilobatus triloba Reuss 1850, G. quadrilobatus altiapertura Bolli 1957, G. quadrilobatus primodius Blow and Banner 1962, G. quadrilobatus sacculifer Brady 1877, G. subquadratus Brönninman & Bermùdez, 1960, G. sicanus de Stefani 1952, Globorotalia foshi peripheroronda Blow & Banner 1966, G. scitula, G. siakensis Leroy 1939, Globorotalia sp.cf. G. opima nana Bolli 1957, G. kugleri Bolli 1957, G. sp. cf. G. scitula Brady, 1882, Globoquadrina cf. lermeuri Akers, 1955, G. altispira globosa Cushman & Jervis, G. dehiscens Chapman, Parr & Collins, 1934 and Globoquadrina sp. from the inter-bedded shale and claystone indicate early Miocene age. Neogene Archipelago Group conformably overlies the Oligocene Andaman Flysch Group without any break in sedimentation. Planktonic foraminiferal assemblage in the lower part of the sequence indicates a level near to Oligo-Miocene boundary. The thick interlayered tuff sequence of South Andaman indicates rejuvenation of arc volcanism in this region during early Miocene.
Micromorphology and Textural Variations in the Ane Ghat Waterfall Tufa Deposits from Upland Deccan Traps and their Genesis
Authors: Ukey Madhuri S. , Pardeshi Ravindrasinh G.
Published: July 2019

Calc tufa associated with waterfalls and rapids from Ane Ghat in the western Deccan Traps have been studied on the basis of their field occurrence, morphology and microtextures. The calc tufas are semi-consolidated and show porous, spongy morphology and occasionally ‘soda straw’ structure. Blue green algae, moss and diatoms are the predominant biotic components of the calc tufa. The growth of such calcifying biota has played a constructive role in building calc tufa deposits at Ane Ghat. Mineralogically, the tufas are made of calcite and contain variable carbonate percentage (53 to 78%). Petrographically, they contain fragments of basalt, devitrified glass, plagioclase, quartz, agate, zeolites, etc. set in a clay-rich and clay-poor micrite. Irregular pore spaces and voids are partially filled with spary calcite lined by thin layers of clay. SEM images of pristine calc tuffa surfaces reveal micro-morphological and textural features that dominantly reflect precipitation. Images of insoluble residue of phases like glass, plagioclase and zeolites indicate some dissolution and corrosive features indicating post depositional diagenetic processes. δ18O V-SMOW values range from 27.03 to 28.92‰ and δ13C V-PDB values of -3.58 to -6.02‰ are recorded for the Ane Ghat samples. The calc tufas were precipitated from waters at paleo-temperatures of 16.3 to 27.1°C. The calc tufa from Ane Ghat represents biological and physico-chemical calcification processes in response to variability in calcium carbonate saturation and water chemistry in temperate to semi-arid climate.
The Impact of Childcare on Poor Urban Women’s Economic Empowerment in Africa
Authors: Clark Shelley , Kabiru Caroline W. , Laszlo Sonia , Muthuri Stella
Published: July 2019

Despite evidence from other regions, researchers and policy-makers remain skeptical that women’s disproportionate childcare responsibilities act as a significant barrier to women’s economic empowerment in Africa. This randomized control trial study in an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya, demonstrates that limited access to affordable early childcare inhibits poor urban women’s participation in paid work. Women who were offered vouchers for subsidized early childcare were, on average, 8.5 percentage points more likely to be employed than those who were not given vouchers. Most of these employment gains were realized by married mothers. Single mothers, in contrast, benefited by significantly reducing the time spent working without any loss to their earnings by shifting to jobs with more regular hours. The effects on other measures of women’s economic empowerment were mixed. With the exception of children’s health care, access to subsidized daycare did not increase women’s participation in other important household decisions. In addition, contrary to concerns that reducing the costs of childcare may elevate women’s desire for more children, we find no effect on women’s fertility intentions. These findings demonstrate that the impact of subsidized childcare differs by marital status and across outcomes. Nonetheless, in poor urban Africa, as elsewhere, failure to address women’s childcare needs undermines efforts to promote women’s economic empowerment.
Picnic benches and the circular economy
Authors: Mohan Raj Jagan
Published: July 2019

With the growing need to increase plastic recycling rates, Jagan Mohan Raj – Innovation Director, RPC bpi recycled products outlines a different approach to the use of recycled polymers.
Authoritarian resurgence: towards a unified analytical framework
Authors: Cassani Andrea , Tomini Luca
Published: July 2019

This introductory note to the Special Issue ‘Autocracy Strikes Back: Authoritarian Resurgence in the Early 21st Century’ situates this collection of articles in the burgeoning literature on authoritarian resurgence, and illustrates the conceptual terrain on which these articles make their contribution. In this regard, we discuss autocratization, authoritarian resilience, democratic transition failure, and autocracy-to-autocracy transition as processes of regime change representing different ways in which authoritarian resurgence may advance. Relatedly, we clarify how these processes of regime change differ from each other and provide a few basic coordinates to frame their comparative analysis.
Differentiated reputation effects on trust in ability and dedication: A coproducer selection context
Authors: Chang Chin-Wen , Chuang Cheng-Min
Published: July 2019

Research has demonstrated that trusting belief in one's ability is critical to coproducer selection; however, the importance of trusting belief in dedication has been ignored. This study aims to explore how reputation (i.e., word-of-mouth, certification, and recommendation) affects trusting belief in a potential coproducer's ability and dedication and examines its mediating effects in coproducing with a potential partner.

Empirical results show significant mediating effects of trusting belief in a potential coproducer's ability from certification, word-of-mouth, and recommendation, which in turn motivate coproduction, whereas certification leads to the motivation for coproduction through trusting belief in a potential coproducer's dedication. The findings refer to a unitary acceptance of ability but a divergent recognition of dedication. The focal party may regard certification as factual without personal distortion, while the recommendation is an evaluation worth considering. In considering dedication, the focal party may be unable to assess the extent of distortion from second-hand information (e.g., word-of-mouth).
The relationship between ethical leadership and employee voice: The roles of error management climate and organizational commitment
Authors: Cheng Jin , Bai Haiqing , Hu Caixia
Published: July 2019

Studies have shown that voice could be utilized as an effective method to improve organizational effectiveness. This study explores the relationship between ethical leadership and employee voice behavior by focusing on the mediating role of the error management climate and the moderating role of the employee's organizational commitment. Analysis of data collected in three phases in China indicates that the error management climate partly mediates the relationship between ethical leadership and voice behavior. Also, organizational commitment is found to moderate the relationship between the error management climate and voice behavior. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.
Examining social support and its relation to worry in Malaysia
Authors: Saifuddin Aneesa Binti Ahmad , Tam Cai Lian , Lim Peng Chong , Bonn Gregory
Published: July 2019

This study examined the role of social support in managing worry among a sample of Malaysian adults. An online questionnaire was completed by 136 participants (age M = 34, SD = 7.65; 71% female, 29% male). Each wrote open-ended, essay-type descriptions of their experiences with social support in relation to worry, as well as completing measures of pathological worry (Penn State Worry Questionnaire), normal worry (Worry Domains Questionnaire), and perceived social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support). Results indicated that young adults experienced a higher degree of normal worry compared to older adults, but pathological worry was not significantly different between the two groups. No significant differences in worry were found in relation to gender, ethnicity or marital status. Perceived social support was negatively related to levels of both normal and pathological worry. Qualitative analyses pointed towards four important roles for social support: providing a sense of belonging and security, providing emotional relief or catharsis, helping to reappraise situations, and facilitating problem-solving and decision-making. The role of social support as a secure base that facilitates emotion management and helps to ground thinking is discussed.
Resistance of Conilon coffee cultivar Vitoria Incaper 8142 to Meloidogyne paranaensis under field conditions
Authors: Salgado Sônia Maria de Lima , Fatobene Bárbhara Joana dos Reis , Mendes-Resende Marcela Pedroso , Terra Willian César , Silva Vania Aparecida , Lima Inorbert de Melo
Published: July 2019

Meloidogyne paranaensis is responsible for considerable losses in coffee production. Because of the distribution of this species in the main Coffea arabica producing regions, there is a need for management practices to ensure the sustainability of coffee production. In this work, we evaluated the agronomic performance of resistant clones of the Conilon coffee cultivar Vitoria Incaper 8142 in areas infested by M. paranaensis in the west region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Clones 2V, 3V, and 6V presented the lowest number of nematodes per gram of roots and were considered resistant to M. paranaensis. All other clones were considered tolerant to this nematode, and one had good vegetative growth but allowed nematode reproduction. Clones of Vitoria Incaper 8142 of C. canephora represent an alternative to coffee production in areas infested by M. paranaensis including areas traditionally cultivated with C. arabica.
Do as I Say, Not as They Do: Social Construction in the Epistle of Barnabas Through Canonical Interpretation and Ritual
Authors: Yuh Jason N.
Published: July 2019

Scholars have not yet expounded on the importance and rationale of a key metaphor found in the Epistle of Barnabas: the circumcision of hearing (Barn. 9.1–3). In part, that is because the significance of this metaphor does not directly contribute to the theological outlook or background of Barnabas, which are topics that have largely preoccupied Barnabas scholarship. Yet, not only is this metaphor significant, but its significance lies in its social and communal implications. To explore these implications, I draw upon interdisciplinary research on canon and ritual. Research in these areas has independently demonstrated that canon and ritual are fundamental elements of any group, and I employ theoretical tools from these research areas to explain how Barnabas attempts to create and/or sustain his group by offering a new canon (or canonical interpretation) that could only be understood through the circumcision of hearing. Owing to the theoretical richness of canon and ritual, my study can also serve as a methodological template to examine the dynamics of other communal groups.
The Vow-Curse in Ancient Jewish Texts
Authors: Manekin-Bamberger Avigail
Published: July 2019

Uttering a vow was an important and popular religious practice in ancient Judaism. It is mentioned frequently in biblical literature, and an entire rabbinic tractate, Nedarim, is devoted to this subject. In this article, I argue that starting from the Second Temple period, alongside the regular use of the vow, vows were also used as an aggressive binding mechanism in interpersonal situations. This practice became so popular that in certain contexts the vow became synonymous with the curse, as in a number of ossuaries in Jerusalem and in the later Aramaic incantation bowls. Moreover, this semantic expansion was not an isolated Jewish phenomenon but echoed both the use of the anathema in the Pauline epistles and contemporary Greco-Roman and Babylonian magical practices.
The Doctrine of the Extent of the Atonement among the Early English Particular Baptists
Authors: Wenkel David H.
Published: July 2019

This essay challenges the view that the early English Baptists who are often labeled as “Particular Baptists” always held a doctrine of strict particularism or particular redemption. It does so on the basis of the two London Baptist Confessions of 1644 and 1646. The main argument asserted here is that the two earliest confessions of the English Particular Baptists supported a variety of positions on the doctrine of the atonement because they focus on the subjective application of Christ’s work rather than his objective accomplishment. The first two editions of the earliest London Baptist confession represent a unique voice that reflects an attempt to include a range of Calvinistic views on the atonement. Such careful ambiguity reflects the pattern of Reformed confessionalism in the seventeenth century. This paper then goes on to argue that some individuals did indeed hold to “strict particularism”—which is compatible with, but not required by, the first two confessions.
An Origenian Background for theLetter to Theodore
Authors: Zeddies Michael
Published: July 2019

TheLetter to Theodoremay need to be reattributed to Origen of Alexandria. Many of its features seem demonstrably Origenian, and its language aligns with early Christian and Origenian usage. Two noncanonical gospel fragments in the letter do not betray a modern author, but rather evoke early Christian symbolism and narrative structure. The single garment worn by a character in the first fragment reflects Christian symbolism and resembles the philosopher’s garment, which many early Christians adopted and portrayed in material artifacts. Origen’s intellectual interests can explain the letter’s preparation for philosophical exegesis, and its language reflects his text-critical practice. Nevertheless, Origen’s circumstances indicate the text of the noncanonical gospel fragments is unreliable. The letter also echoes Papias in the manner that Origen does. Morton Smith’s account of its discovery does not betray a forgery or hoax, but plausibly depends on other nonfiction works of manuscript discoveries written during the 1960s. Further work may be needed to secure attribution, but Origenian authorship is a simpler explanation of the evidence than modern forgery.
A first attempt to evaluate the age and growth of blue hake Antimora rostrata (Moridae, Gadiformes, Teleostei) from the Lazarev and Weddell seas (Antarctic)
Authors: Vedishcheva Elena V. , Korostelev Nikolai B. , Gordeev Ilya I. , Orlov Alexei M.
Published: July 2019

For the first time, the results of the study of the age and growth of blue hake Antimora rostrata in the waters of the Lazarev and Weddell seas (Antarctic) are presented. The longline catches were represented by fish from 42 to 69 cm in total length with weights between 420 and 2,900 g, and most individuals aged 25 to 27 years. A minimum age of 16 years was observed in a fish 47 cm long and weighing 450 g, while a maximum age of 35 years was recorded for an individual of 69 cm in length and 1,640 g in weight. The blue hake in the Lazarev and Weddell seas shows similar growth patterns to the fish from the Ross Sea and waters off Greenland.
True aneurysmal dilatation of a valved bovine jugular vein conduit after right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction: a rare complication
Authors: Yoldaş Tamer , Örün Utku A. , Tak Sercan
Published: July 2019

Valved bovine jugular vein conduit is considered a suitable choice for paediatric population with congenital heart defect requiring right ventricle to main pulmonary artery connection. However, complications related to the use of this device have been reported, with conduit failure occurring mainly as a consequence of stenosis, conduit thrombosis, and valve regurgitation. We present a case of aneurysmal conduit failure of a valved bovine jugular vein conduit used to reconstruct the right ventricular outflow tract.
The ‘emancipation of media’: Latin American advocacy for a New International Information Order in the 1970s
Authors: Freije Vanessa
Published: July 2019

Throughout the 1970s, journalists and leaders in the Global South organized around the concept of a New International Information Order (NIIO), premised upon the self-determination of news access and production. Though largely forgotten today, the NIIO constituted a key platform of the ‘Third World’ solidarity movement. Latin America was a prominent site for NIIO activism, and this article examines the regional and local meetings that frequently brought together governing officials, reporters, and academics. Focusing on the shifting expectations of exiled Latin Americans living in Mexico City, the article explores the domestic political factors that eventually attenuated enthusiasm for the NIIO. By the late 1970s, Latin American advocates argued that repressive governments could not be trusted to safeguard socially responsible information initiatives, such as regional wire services. Moreover, they underscored that national democratization was necessary before global inequities could be resolved.
Analgetikaunverträglichkeit: Intoleranz oder Allergie?
Authors: Ballmer-Weber Barbara K.
Published: July 2019

Zusammenfassung. Nichtsteroidale Analgetika (NSAID) können sowohl nicht immunologisch vermittelte Intoleranzreaktionen als auch allergische Reaktionen auslösen. Die Intoleranzreaktionen sind häufiger. Klinisch lassen sich Intoleranzreaktionen nicht von allergischen Reaktionen vom Soforttyp unterscheiden. Sie äussern sich hauptsächlich mit kutanen und respiratorischen Symptomen. Da der Wirkmechanismus der nicht-selektiven NSAID, nämlich die Hemmung der Cylclooxygease (COX), v. a. der COX-1, auch die Ursache für die Intoleranzreaktion auf NSAID ist, ist bei vielen Patienten eine Unverträglichkeit auf verschiedene strukturell nicht verwandte COX-1-Hemmer zu befürchten (breite NSAID-Intoleranz). Bei der Allergie auf ein NSAID ist jedoch nur eine Kreuzreaktion zu strukturverwandten NSAID zu erwarten. Wichtig für den Patienten ist es, im Rahmen der allergologischen Abklärung für ihn gut verträgliche Ausweichanalgetika zu identifizieren.
Die Medikamentenallergie beim Kind: häufiger vermutet als existent
Authors: Roduit Caroline
Published: July 2019

Zusammenfassung. Unerwünschte Arzneimittelreaktionen sind häufig im Kindesalter. Jedoch ist nur ein kleiner Anteil dieser Reaktionen auf Medikamentenallergien zurückzuführen. Etwa 10 % aller Eltern berichten, dass bei ihren Kindern der Verdacht auf eine Medikamentenallergie vorliegt. Obwohl keine verlässlichen epidemiologischen Daten vorliegen, legen Studien nahe, dass nur 10 % dieser Kinder eine echte Medikamentenallergie haben. Die häufigste Medikamentenallergie bei Kindern ist die Allergie auf Antibiotika, insbesondere Betalaktam-Antibiotika. Bei Kindern besteht eine der grössten Schwierigkeiten der Diagnose der Medikamentenallergie darin, bei einem makulopapulösem Exanthem zwischen einer Medikamentenallergie und einem virusinduzierten Exanthem zu unterscheiden, insbesondere bei Reaktionen nach Antibiotika. Daher wird eine hohe Anzahl der Kinder fälschlicherweise als «medikamentenallergisch» bezeichnet. Im Falle eines Verdachtes auf eine Medikamentenallergie, wird daher eine komplette allergologische Diagnostik empfohlen.
Weakening of Triennial Oscillation of the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (at 1° × 1° Gridded Scale) Under Future Global Warming
Authors: Jena Pravat , Azad Sarita
Published: July 2019

India's agriculture is a significant component of the Gross National Product (GNP) and is largely dependent on the Indian summer monsoon. This makes an accurate prediction of rainfall a key factor in improving agricultural production. A statistical cycle, widely known to have a strong 2.85‐year period and will therefore be called a triennial oscillation here, plays a vital role in such predictions. In the present work, we examine the spatial distribution of this short‐period oscillation at 1° × 1° (lat./long.) resolution using 1,260‐month data (1901–2005). A power spectral analysis of the observed data set shows that the statistically significant triennial oscillation (at 95% confidence level) is present over 54% of the total number of 354 grids across India, which covers 69.03% area. Projections of selected data from models used in Coupled‐Model Inter‐comparison Project Phase 5 predict weakening of this oscillation (in amplitude) by 2100. The projections indicate reduced confidence levels of this oscillation at 80%, 85%, and 90%, respectively, in 3%, 20%, and 62% of the selected 54% grids, which covers  41.3% area. A weakened triennial monsoon cycle will have a severe impact on agriculture and water resource management, particularly over the southwest‐coastal, northern, and northeast‐central parts of India.
Half‐a‐Degree Matters for Reducing and Delaying Global Land Exposure to Combined Daytime‐Nighttime Hot Extremes
Authors: Chen Yang , Zhou Baiquan , Zhai Panmao , Moufouma‐Okia Wilfran
Published: July 2019

The Paris Agreement has motivated rapid analysis differentiating changes in frequency/intensity of weather and climate extremes in 1.5 versus 2 °C warmer worlds. However, implications of these global warming levels on locations, spatial scales, and emergence timings of hot spots to extremes are more relevant to policy‐making but remain strikingly under‐addressed. Based on a bivariate definitional framework, we show that compared to 2 °C, the 1.5 °C target could avoid a transition of prevailing type of summertime hot extremes from daytime‐/nighttime‐only events to combined daytime‐nighttime hot extremes in approximately 18% of global continents and protect 14–26% of land areas from seeing over threefold‐to‐tenfold increases in occurrence of combined hot extremes. This half‐a‐degree reduction also matters for around 21% of global lands, mostly within the tropics, in constraining historically unprecedented combined hot extremes from becoming the new norm within just one to three decades ahead. By contrast, previous analyses based on univariate‐defined hot days substantially underestimate the magnitude, areal extent, and emergence rate of 0.5 °C‐caused aggravation of summertime hot extremes. These projected changes of bivariate‐classified hot extremes, therefore, underline not only the imperative but also the urgency of striving for the lower Paris target.
Oceanic Drivers of Widespread Summer Droughts in the United States Over the Common Era
Authors: Baek Seung H. , Steiger Nathan J. , Smerdon Jason E. , Seager Richard
Published: July 2019

We examine oceanic drivers of widespread droughts over the contiguous United States (herein pan‐CONUS droughts) during the Common Era in what is one of the first analyses of the new Paleo Hydrodynamics Data Assimilation (PHYDA) product. The canonical understanding of oceanic influences on North American hydroclimate suggests that pan‐CONUS droughts are forced by a contemporaneous cold tropical Pacific Ocean and a warm tropical Atlantic Ocean. We test this hypothesis using the paleoclimate record. Composite analyses find a robust association between pan‐CONUS drought events and cold tropical Pacific conditions, but not with warm Atlantic conditions. Similarly, a self‐organizing map analysis shows that pan‐CONUS drought years are most commonly associated with a global sea surface temperature pattern displaying strong La Niña and cold Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) conditions. Our results confirm previous model‐based findings for the instrumental period and show that cold tropical Pacific Ocean conditions are the principal driver of pan‐CONUS droughts on annual timescales.
Antitumorigenic and antiangiogenic efficacy of apatinib in liver cancer evaluated by multimodality molecular imaging
Authors: Liang Qian , Kong Lingxin , Du Yang , Zhu Xu , Tian Jie
Published: July 2019

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Sorafenib is the standard first-line treatment for advanced HCC, but its efficacy is limited. Apatinib is a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has shown promising antitumor effects in gastric and non-small cell lung cancers in clinical trials, but there have been only a few studies reporting its anti-HCC effects in vitro and in HCC xenograft models. Hence, our present study systemically investigated and compared the antitumorigenic and antiangiogenic efficacy of apatinib and sorafenib in HCC in vitro and in vivo using multimodality molecular imaging, including bioluminescence imaging (BLI), bioluminescence tomography (BLT), fluorescence molecular imaging (FMI), and computed tomography angiography (CTA). Moreover, the safety and side effects of the two drugs were systemically evaluated. We found that apatinib showed a comparable therapeutic efficacy to sorafenib for the inhibition of HCC. The drug safety evaluation revealed that both of these drugs caused hypertension and mild liver and kidney damage. Sorafenib caused diarrhea, rash, and weight loss in mice, but these effects were not observed in mice treated with apatinib. In conclusion, apatinib has similar antitumorigenic and antiangiogenic efficacy as sorafenib in HCC with less toxicity. These findings may provide preclinical evidence supporting the potential application of apatinib for the treatment of HCC patients.
The antimalarial drug amodiaquine stabilizes p53 through ribosome biogenesis stress, independently of its autophagy-inhibitory activity
Authors: Espinoza Jaime A. , Zisi Asimina , Kanellis Dimitris C. , Carreras-Puigvert Jordi , Henriksson Martin , Hühn Daniela , Watanabe Kenji , Helleday Thomas , Lindström Mikael S. , Bartek Jiri
Published: July 2019

Pharmacological inhibition of ribosome biogenesis is a promising avenue for cancer therapy. Herein, we report a novel activity of the FDA-approved antimalarial drug amodiaquine which inhibits rRNA transcription, a rate-limiting step for ribosome biogenesis, in a dose-dependent manner. Amodiaquine triggers degradation of the catalytic subunit of RNA polymerase I (Pol I), with ensuing RPL5/RPL11-dependent stabilization of p53. Pol I shutdown occurs in the absence of DNA damage and without the subsequent ATM-dependent inhibition of rRNA transcription. RNAseq analysis revealed mechanistic similarities of amodiaquine with BMH-21, the first-in-class Pol I inhibitor, and with chloroquine, the antimalarial analog of amodiaquine, with well-established autophagy-inhibitory activity. Interestingly, autophagy inhibition caused by amodiaquine is not involved in the inhibition of rRNA transcription, suggesting two independent anticancer mechanisms. In vitro, amodiaquine is more efficient than chloroquine in restraining the proliferation of human cell lines derived from colorectal carcinomas, a cancer type with predicted susceptibility to ribosome biogenesis stress. Taken together, our data reveal an unsuspected activity of a drug approved and used in the clinics for over 30 years, and provide rationale for repurposing amodiaquine in cancer therapy.
Long non-coding RNA Rpph1 promotes inflammation and proliferation of mesangial cells in diabetic nephropathy via an interaction with Gal-3
Authors: Zhang Panyang , Sun Yan , Peng Rui , Chen Wenyun , Fu Xia , Zhang Luyu , Peng Huimin , Zhang Zheng
Published: July 2019

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most significant complications of diabetes and is the primary cause of end-stage kidney disease. Cumulating evidence has shown that renal inflammation plays a role in the development and progression of DN, but the exact cellular mechanisms are unclear. Irregular expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is present in many diseases, including DN. However, the relationship between lncRNAs and inflammation in DN is unclear. In this study, we identified differentially expressed lncRNAs in DN using RNA-sequencing. Among these lncRNAs, we identified seven DN-related lncRNAs in vivo and in vitro using quantitative real-time PCR. One lncRNA in particular, Rpph1 (ribonuclease P RNA component H1), exhibited significantly increased expression. Further, over-expression or knockdown of Rpph1 was found to regulate cell proliferation and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in mesangial cells (MCs). The results revealed that Rpph1 directly interacts with the DN-related factor galectin-3 (Gal-3). Further, over-expression of Rpph1 promoted inflammation and cell proliferation through the Gal-3/Mek/Erk signaling pathway in MCs under low glucose conditions, while knockdown of Rpph1 inhibited inflammation and cell proliferation through the Gal-3/Mek/Erk pathway in MCs under high glucose conditions. These results provide new insight into the association between Rpph1 and the Gal-3/Mek/Erk signaling pathway during DN progression.
An adaptive variational algorithm for exact molecular simulations on a quantum computer
Authors: Grimsley Harper R. , Economou Sophia E. , Barnes Edwin , Mayhall Nicholas J.
Published: July 2019

Quantum simulation of chemical systems is one of the most promising near-term applications of quantum computers. The variational quantum eigensolver, a leading algorithm for molecular simulations on quantum hardware, has a serious limitation in that it typically relies on a pre-selected wavefunction ansatz that results in approximate wavefunctions and energies. Here we present an arbitrarily accurate variational algorithm that, instead of fixing an ansatz upfront, grows it systematically one operator at a time in a way dictated by the molecule being simulated. This generates an ansatz with a small number of parameters, leading to shallow-depth circuits. We present numerical simulations, including for a prototypical strongly correlated molecule, which show that our algorithm performs much better than a unitary coupled cluster approach, in terms of both circuit depth and chemical accuracy. Our results highlight the potential of our adaptive algorithm for exact simulations with present-day and near-term quantum hardware.
Highly coherent spin states in carbon nanotubes coupled to cavity photons
Authors: Cubaynes T. , Delbecq M. R. , Dartiailh M. C. , Assouly R. , Desjardins M. M. , Contamin L. C. , Bruhat L. E. , Leghtas Z. , Mallet F. , Cottet A. , Kontos T.
Published: July 2019

Spins confined in quantum dots are considered as a promising platform for quantum information processing. While many advanced quantum operations have been demonstrated, experimental as well as theoretical efforts are now focusing on the development of scalable spin quantum bit architectures. One particularly promising method relies on the coupling of spin quantum bits to microwave cavity photons. This would enable the coupling of distant spins via the exchange of virtual photons for two qubit gate applications, which still remains to be demonstrated with spin qubits. Here, we use a circuit QED spin–photon interface to drive a single electronic spin in a carbon nanotube-based double quantum dot using cavity photons. The microwave spectroscopy allows us to identify an electrically controlled spin transition with a decoherence rate which can be tuned to be as low as 250 kHz. We show that this value is consistent with the expected hyperfine coupling in carbon nanotubes. These coherence properties, which can be attributed to the use of pristine carbon nanotubes stapled inside the cavity, should enable coherent spin–spin interaction via cavity photons and compare favorably to the ones recently demonstrated in Si-based circuit QED experiments. Our clean and controlled nano-assembly technique of carbon nanotubes in the cavity could be further improved by purified 12C growth to get rid of the nuclear spins resulting in an even higher spin coherence.
Network pharmacology modeling identifies synergistic Aurora B and ZAK interaction in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Tang Jing , Gautam Prson , Gupta Abhishekh , He Liye , Timonen Sanna , Akimov Yevhen , Wang Wenyu , Szwajda Agnieszka , Jaiswal Alok , Turei Denes , Yadav Bhagwan , Kankainen Matti , Saarela Jani , Saez-Rodriguez Julio , Wennerberg Krister , Aittokallio Tero
Published: July 2019

Cancer cells with heterogeneous mutation landscapes and extensive functional redundancy easily develop resistance to monotherapies by emerging activation of compensating or bypassing pathways. To achieve more effective and sustained clinical responses, synergistic interactions of multiple druggable targets that inhibit redundant cancer survival pathways are often required. Here, we report a systematic polypharmacology strategy to predict, test, and understand the selective drug combinations for MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells. We started by applying our network pharmacology model to predict synergistic drug combinations. Next, by utilizing kinome-wide drug-target profiles and gene expression data, we pinpointed a synergistic target interaction between Aurora B and ZAK kinase inhibition that led to enhanced growth inhibition and cytotoxicity, as validated by combinatorial siRNA, CRISPR/Cas9, and drug combination experiments. The mechanism of such a context-specific target interaction was elucidated using a dynamic simulation of MDA-MB-231 signaling network, suggesting a cross-talk between p53 and p38 pathways. Our results demonstrate the potential of polypharmacological modeling to systematically interrogate target interactions that may lead to clinically actionable and personalized treatment options.
High throughput development of TCR-mimic antibody that targets survivin-2B80-88/HLA-A*A24 and its application in a bispecific T-cell engager
Authors: Kurosawa Nobuyuki , Wakata Yuka , Ida Kenta , Midorikawa Aki , Isobe Masaharu
Published: July 2019

Intracellular tumor-associated antigens are targeted by antibodies known as T-cell receptor mimic antibodies (TCRm-Abs), which recognize T-cell epitopes with better stabilities and higher affinities than T-cell receptors. However, TCRm-Abs have been proven difficult to produce using conventional techniques. Here, we developed TCRm-Abs that recognize the survivin-2B-derived nonamer peptide, AYACNTSTL (SV2B80-88), presented on HLA-A*24 (SV2B80-88/HLA-A*24) from immunized mice by using a fluorescence-activated cell sorting-based antigen-specific plasma cells isolation method combined with a high-throughput single-cell-based immunoglobulin-gene-cloning technology. This approach yielded a remarkable efficiency in generating candidate antibody clones that recognize SV2B80-88/HLA-A*24. The screening of the antibody clones for their affinity and ability to bind key amino-acid residues within the target peptide revealed that one clone, #21-3, specifically recognized SV2B80-88/HLA-A*24 on T2 cells. The specificity of #21-3 was further established through survivin-2B-positive tumor cell lines that exogenously or endogenously express HLA-A*24. A bispecific T-cell engager comprised of #21-3 and anti-CD3 showed specific cytotoxicity towards cells bearing SV2B80-88/HLA-A*24 by recruiting and activating T-cells in vitro. The efficient development of TCRm-Ab overcomes the limitations that hamper antibody-based immunotherapeutic approaches and enables the targeting of intracellular tumor-associated antigens.