bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Profitability, Leverage, Liquidity, Size, and Company Growth on the Dividend Payout Ratio in the Indonesian Capital Market 2013-2018
Authors: Azhariyah Anjumul , Witjaksono Andre Dwijanto , Hartono Ulil
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of Profitability, Leverage, Liquidity, Size, and Company Growth on Dividend Payout Ratio in the Indonesian capital market 2013-2018. The population of this research is 525 companies from all sectors listed on the IDX except for the finance sector. By using purposive sampling method, the number obtained is 10 companies. The data testing method used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that simultaneously the variables of profitability, leverage, liquidity, size and company growth had no effect on the dividend payout ratio. Partially, profitability, leverage, liquidity, company size have no effect on the dividend payout ratio, while the company growth variable has a significant negative effect on the dividend payout ratio.
Intellectual Agility Stimulation to Improve Organizational Performance
Authors: Sutrisno Sutrisno
Published: April 2021

This study aims to develop theoretical leadership and organization, which describes the dimensions of Intellectual Capital, Intellectual Property and Organizational Performance. Based on the substantive and strategic dimensions of generating new concepts, the theory of intellectual agility stimulation (intellectual property) becomes a stimulus for the leader’s thinking in making decisions in the right time, condition and situation. This study employs in depth literature review from main source. Based on a complete and in-depth literature review, the empirical model of research shows that sharing knowledge that includes donating, collecting will trigger an increase in Intellectual Agility Stimulus and Professional competence. As a result, it will improve the performance of organizations that are ready to face the industrial revolution 4.0.
Analysis of Teacher Performance in the Mathematics Learning Process at SMP Negeri 2 Bilah Hulu
Authors: Sari Mulia Kurnia , Siregar Sakinah Ubudiyah
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the performance of teachers in Junior High School 2 Bilah Hulu. This research uses descriptive research. The population of this study were 5 mathematics teachers at SMP Negeri 2 Bilah Hulu. Saturated sampling was used to take the sample, meaning that all members of the population were sampled. The data collection technique used a questionnaire with a Likert scale technique. The results of data analysis showed mastery of the material with an average of 86.4, the manifestation of creativity with an average of 80.2, utilization of teaching time with an average of 82.6, student understanding with an average of 83.6 and mastery of the class state with an average average 84.4. The overall results of the indicators get an average of 83.96 with good criteria.
Oral Health Status and its Impact on Daily Performance in Adult Population with Diabetes
Authors: Lucky Jesmin Sultana , Kabir Kazi Silvia , Rahman AFM Shahidur , Das Polash
Published: April 2021

Background: According to World Health Organization (WHO), diabetes mellitus, is a silent epidemic which affects large number of people around the world and is directly related to the oral health status of the patients.

Objectives: To know the level of oral health and its impact on daily performance in adult population with Diabetes.

Methods: A cross sectional study was comprised of group of 100 diabetic patients (males=68, females=32) from the OPD of Dhaka Dental College and Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical college, Dental unit of Dhaka. Oral health status is assessed by WHO described DMFT caries index and CPITN (community periodontal index treatment need). And oral impact on daily performance is determined by a modified form of OIDP index. Clinical examinations were included for the assessment of Dental Status. Chi-square was used for statistical evaluation.

Results: Mean DMFT of the study population of Decayed, Missing and filled tooth were 3.89±3.35, 3.04±2.66 and 3.87±2.66 However, in case of CPITN index of the study population, Supragingival or subgingival pocket more than 6mm was in 32% cases. Mean scores of overall impacts on daily performances (OIDP) was 2.18±1.85. Bivariate analysis revealed that the self-reported oral impacts from the participants were not significantly associated (p≥0.05) with those who were diagnosed with presence of periodontal pockets more than 6 mm (32%).

Conclusions: Oral health is an essential part of general health. Despite dental caries was comparatively low in diabetics, periodontal status was compromised which affected the participant’s daily life chiefly through difficulty in eating. Routinely follow-up of dental problems of the diabetics and oral health education is much required.

Update Dent. Coll. j: 2021; 11 (1): 7-10
Association between personal characteristics and musculoskeletal disorders among the dental surgeons working in Dhaka city
Authors: Sultana Nihar , Rubby Md Golam , Mian Md Anower Hussain
Published: April 2021

Background: Occupational hazards are common in different working populations. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the most important occupational hazards particularly in dental professionals. This disorder which is multi factorial in origin has relation with different characteristics. The study aims to find out the association between personal characteristics in terms of socio demographic, occupation characteristics and MSDs among the dental surgeons working in Dhaka city.

Methods: Present cross sectional study was conducted among purposively selected 290 dental surgeons working in thirteen private and public tertiary level hospitals in Dhaka city. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection including socio demographic and occupational characteristics which reflect the personal characteristics of dental surgeons. To determine the MSDs, Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was used which records the prevalence of MSDs in terms of musculoskeletal symptoms. Collected data were analyzed by using SPSS software (Version 22).

Results : Almost 64.0% dental surgeons experienced MSDs in past 12 months in at least one region of the body, and the major affected part was neck, followed by lower back, shoulders and hands / wrists. Regarding the relationship between personal characteristics and MSDs, present study found significant relationship exists between some socio demographic characteristics like age, physical activity; some occupational characteristics like work status, practicing area, practicing four handed dentistry, maintaining back position upright, psychosocial stress with MSDs in chi square test.

Conclusion: This study concludes that the existence of significant relationship between different personal characteristics and MSDs among dental surgeons which need to be address properly, so that dental professionals will be able to take corrective measures to combat with this disorder.

Update Dent. Coll. j: 2021; 11 (1): 11-15
Uncomplicated crown fracture management
Authors: Siddiqua Niher Tabassum , Karim Fahd AA , Rahman Md Toufiqur , Mamun Abdullah Al
Published: April 2021

Background: Trauma-related injuries of the maxillofacial region occur more often these days and dentists are facing this condition frequently in their regular practice life. Traumatic dental injuries affects the same region with different frequencies in different age groups. It should be noted that upper central incisors are mostly traumatized by injuries compare to the other incisors. The maxillary central incisors were about 72%, while premolars, canine, mandibular incisors, the upper lateral incisors injury rate is up to 8%. A strong impact most often affects the crown and a weak and dull impact on the root apical direction and may result in avulsion of tooth and root fracture. Dental injuries caused by trauma have been an emergency condition, treatment options depend on the severity of injuries and clinical condition of the tooth at that moment. Combination treatment for a traumatic fracture of the tooth includes fixation of the tooth, the performance of surgical manipulation, determination of the need for endodontic treatment, restoration, and orthodontic consultations.

Problem: In our case patient has an uncomplicated crown fracture.

Solution: Direct composite restoration.

Update Dent. Coll. j: 2021; 11 (1): 20-22
COVID-19 Australia: Epidemiology Report 38: Reporting period ending 28 March 2021
Authors:   COVID-19 National Incident Room Surveillance Team
Published: April 2021

This is the thirty-eighth epidemiological report for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), reported in Australia as at 23:59 Australian Eastern Daylight Time [AEDT] 28 March 2021. It includes data on COVID-19 cases diagnosed in Australia and the international situation.
Penerapan Metode SMA Untuk Peramalan Tingkat Produksi Tanaman Pangan di Dinas Pertanian
Authors: Sitorus Novita Sari , Siagian Yessica , Aulia Romy
Published: April 2021

Abstract: Food is the most important foodstuff needed by humans, in addition to consumption, the production of food crops can also be used as a source of business in the economy. This study aims to predict the production of food crops in the Agriculture Office of Asahan Regency. Based on data on food crop production from 2012 to 2019 at the Asahan District Agriculture Office experienced ups and downs, food crop production sometimes does not meet the consumption of people in Asahan Regency (devisit) and sometimes overproduction (surplus). So far, the Agriculture Office of Asahan Regency has predicted the production of food crops only with estimates so that the results are not accurate. Based on these problems, a proper forecasting system is needed so that it is able to predict the production rate of food crops quickly and accurately. Applications are built using Visual Basic Net 2010 and MySQL databases and use the Single Moving Average method. The results of this study can help the Agriculture Office of Asahan Regency in predicting the amount of food crop production in the next period according to the needs. Keywords : Forecasting, Production, Food Crops, Single Moving Average  Abstrak: Pangan merupakan bahan makanan paling utama yang di butuhkan oleh manusia, selain untuk dikomsumsi, hasil produksi dari tanamana pangan juga dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber usaha dalam perekonomian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan prediksi produksi tanaman pangan pada Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Asahan. Berdasarkan data produksi tanaman pangan dari tahun 2012 sampai dengan tahun 2019 pada Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Asahan mengalami naik turun, produksi tanaman pangan terkadang tidak memenuhi konsumsi masyarakat di Kabupaten Asahan (devisit) dan terkadang kelebihan produksi (surplus). Selama ini Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Asahan melakukan prediksi produksi tanaman pangan hanya dengan perkiraaan-perkiraan saja sehingga hasilnya tidak akurat. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut maka dibutuhkan sistem peramalan yang tepat sehingga mampu meramalkan tingkat produksi tanaman pangan dengan cepat dan akurat. Aplikasi dibangun menggunakan Visual Basic Net 2010 dan database MySQL serta menggunakan metode Single Moving Average. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat membantu Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Asahan dalam memprediksi jumlah produksi tanaman pangan pada periode berikutnya sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Kata Kunci : Peramalan, Produksi, Tanaman Pangan, Single Moving Average
Penerapan Model Scrum dalam Perancangan Sistem Informasi Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat
Authors: Kurniawan Edi , Imtihan Khairul , Tantoni Ahmad
Published: April 2021

Abstract:Application of the Scrum model in the design of research and community service information systems (Case study at STMIK Lombok), the Institute for Research and Community Service (LPPM) is an activity unit that functions to manage all research and community service activities carried out by lecturers in connection with the lecturer improving the quality of the lecturer. The formulation of the problem is how to design and build a research and community service information system so as to facilitate the process of submitting proposals, accepting, selecting, reviewing, approving, controlling implementation and facilitating reporting. This study uses data collection methods namely observation and interviews, while the system development method uses the Scrum method, the following is a description of the stages of software development using the Scrum method, namely: Produck Backlog, Sprint Backlog, Sprint and Working Increment of the Software. Based on the data analysis, it was concluded that the research and community service information system was designed to facilitate the submission of research proposals as well as the dedication and reporting of research and service activities being carried out by lecturers. Presentation of information in this system includes lecturer data input, input of research proposal, dedication proposal input, print decision letter and report data input.            Keywords:Information Systems Research and Community Service, SCRUM Method  Abstrak:Penerapan model Scrum dalam perancangan sistem informasi penelititan dan pengabdian kepada masyarakat (Studi kasus di STMIK Lombok), Lembaga Penelititan dan Pengabdian pada Masyarakat (LPPM) adalah sebuah unit kegiatan yang berfungsi mengelola semua kegiatan penelititan dan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang dilakasanakan oleh dosen dalam kaitan dengan peningkatan kualitas dosen tersebut. Adapun perumusan masalahnya bagaimana merancang dan membangun sistem informasi penelitian dan pengabdian kepada masyarakat sehingga mempermudah dalam proses pengajuan proposal, penerimaan, seleksi, review, persetujuan, pengontrolan pelaksanaan dan mempermudah pelaporan. metode pengembangan sistemnnya menggunakan metode Scrum, uraian dari tahap-tahap pengembangan perangkat lunak menggunakan metode Scrum yaitu : Produck Backlog, Sprint Backlog, Sprint dan Working Increment Of The Software. Berdasarkan analisa data yang dilakukan diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa Sistem informasi penelitian dan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dirancang untuk melakukan kemudahan dalam pengajuan usulan proposal penelitian maupun pengabdian dan pelaporan kegiatan penelitian dan pengabdian yang sedang dilakukan oleh dosen. Penyajian informasi dalam sistem ini meliputi input data dosen, input proposal penelitian, input proposal pengabdian, mencetak surat keputusan dan input data laporan. Kata kunci:Sistem Informasi Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Metode SCRUM.
Analisis Komoditas Padi Pascapanen Berbasis E-SCM Studi Kasus Kilang Padi Sumber Rezeki
Authors: Dewi Afrianti , Azhar Zulfi , Fauziah Rizky
Published: April 2021

Abstrct :  The object of this research is the Sumber Rezeki Rice Refinery which produces rice in Taman Sari, Kec.Pulo Bandring. This Rice Refinery in the processing of supply chain management that has been done can increase the amount of profit and market share by purchasing rice. Aspects of analysis that occur produce effectiveness and efficiency together in one flow cycle. The use of observations and discussions in the field and designing an application system so that it is able to cope with the rice supply that occurs and predict the rice stock that must be provided by the Sumber Rezeki Rice Refinery.  Keywords: a source of sustenance; predictions; scm; application system; rice stock.  Abstrak : Objek pada penelitian ini adalah pada Kilang Padi Sumber Rezeki yang berproduksi beras di Taman Sari, Kec.Pulo Bandring. Kilang Padi ini dalam pengolahan supply chain management yang telah dilakukannya dapat meningkatkan jumlah keuntungan dan pangsa pasar dengan melakukan pembelian beras. Aspek analisis yang terjadi menghasilkan keefektifan dan keefesienan  bersama-sama dalam satu siklus aliran. Penggunaan observasi dan diskusi di lapangan serta melakukan  perancangan sistem aplikasi sehingga mampu menanggulangi persediaan beras yang terjadi dan memprediksi stok beras yang harus disediakan oleh Kilang Padi Sumber Rezeki. Kata kunci : Kilang padi sumber rezeki; prediksi; scm; sistem aplikasi; stok beras.
Sistem Informasi Survei Penyusunan Disagregasi Pembentukan Modal Tetap Bruto (PMTB) Berbasis Web
Authors: Yudha Cris Karya , Tasril Virdyra , Putra Randi Rian
Published: April 2021

Abstract: Susenas is one of the important household socio-economic data sources in Indonesia. Susenas has become the main reference for meeting the needs of the government in implementing national development so that it is in line with the National Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMN), nine priority agendas or nawacita and the goals of Sustainable Development. A survey is a method of collecting data by giving questions to respondents. a survey is the best way to get correct information and the results can be justified. In the process of collecting PMTB survey data, which is carried out by partner officers, it is still implementing a manual system where partner officers come to the company / business under the form to fill in the company's income and expenditure data, and then the partner returns to the ledger to be analyzed by the Balance Sheet officer, the author intends to create a web-based system that is considered to provide an effective solution and can be used as a tool for PMTB data collection using the interview research method and direct observation to the Medan City BPS office.                                                 Keywords: BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik), PMTB, Survei, User, Web  Abstrak: Susenas merupakan salah satu sumber data sosial ekonomi rumah tangga yang penting diindonesia. Susenas telah menjadi rujukan utama untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pemerintah dalam mengimplementasikan pembangunan nasional agar sejalan dengan Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional (RPJMN), sembilan agenda prioritas atau nawacita dan tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan. Survei adalah metode pengumpulan data dengan memberikan pertanyaan – pertanyaan kepada responden. survei merupakan cara terbaik dalam mendapatkan sebuah informasi yang benar dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan hasilnya. Dalam proses pengumpulan data survei PMTB yang dilakukan oleh petugas mitra masih menerapkan sistem manual yang mana petugas mitra datang ke perusahaan/usaha membawah formulir pengisian data pendapatan dan pengeluaran perusahaan, dan selanjutnya mitra kembali menulis ke buku besar untuk dapat di analisa oleh petugas Neraca, penulis bermaksud membuat suatu sistem berbasis web yang dipandang dapat memberikan solusi yang efektif serta dapat dijadikan sebagai alat pendataan PMTB dengan menggunakan metode penelitian wawancara dan observasi langsung ke kantor BPS Kota Medan.                                                              Kata kunci: BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik), PMTB, Survei, User, Web
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Untuk Menentukan Sanksi Pelanggaran Siswa Menggunakan Metode TOPSIS
Authors: Sari Rita Ratna , Nurwati Nurwati , Rahayu Elly
Published: April 2021

Abstract:All students in the world of education in the learning process are not separated from the various rules and regulations that apply or are implemented by the school and it is mandatory to be obeyed by every student. With this, it is intended that every student knows about discipline. At SMP Negeri 1 Bosar Maligas presence, tidiness, personality and order are aspects of discipline which are used as references to measure the level of student discipline. The mechanism for measuring the level of discipline of each student is measured manually, namely by accumulating points of violations committed by students, then determining the sanctions that will be given. The purpose of this study is to analyze and design a decision support system to determine the level of discipline and sanctions for student violations using the TOPSIS (Technique Order Preference by Similarity To Ideal Solution) method and implement the system to assist counseling teachers in monitoring student discipline levels, and can be effective and efficiently find the number of points of violation committed by students. The system is designed using the MySQL database, PHP programming language, and Macromedia Dreamweaver application software. Keywords: Discipline, TOPSIS, Macromedia Dreamweaver, Hypertext PrePocessor, Decision Support Systems.  Abstrak: Semua siswa di dalam dunia pendidikan  dalam proses belajar tidak ada yang  terlepas dari berbagai tata tertib dan peraturan yang berlaku atau di jalankan oleh sekolah dan memang wajib harus di taati oleh setiap siswa. Dengan adanya hal tersebut bertujuan supaya setiap siswa mengetahui tentang kedisiplinan.  Di SMP Negeri 1 Bosar Maligas kehadiran, kerapian, kepribadian dan ketertiban  merupakan aspek kedisiplinan yang dijadikan sebagai acuan untuk mengukur tingkat kedisiplinan siswa. Mekanisme pengukuran tingkat  disiplin dari masing-masing siswa diukur dengan cara manual, yaitu dengan mengakumulasi point pelanggaran yang dilakukan siswa, kemudian ditentukan sanksi yang akan diberikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis dan merancang sistem pendukung keputusan untuk menentukan tingkat kedisiplinan dan sanksi pelanggaran siswa menggunakan metode TOPSIS (Technique Order Preferenceby Similarity ToIdeal Solution) dan mengimplementasikan sistem tersebut untuk membantu guru BK dalam memantau tingkat kedisiplinan siswa, dan dapat dengan efektif dan efesien mencari jumlah point pelanggaran yang di lakukan oleh siswa.Sistemdi rancang menggunakan database MySQL,bahasa pemrograman PHP, dan software aplikasi macromedia dreamweaver. Kata Kunci :Kedisiplinan, TOPSIS, Macromedia Dreamweaver, PHP, Sistem Pendukung Keputusan.
Arte Urbano, como token no fungible, y patrimonio cultural.
Authors: Vermibus Vermibus
Published: April 2021

La efimeridad del arte urbano es una característica aparentemente fundamental, pero a la vez muchos artistas crean versiones digitales para que las obras sobrevivan en las redes sociales. Ahora las obras se registran como NFTs en la blockchain. Esto afectará tanto a como se concibe el patrimonio cultural como a la conservación del arte urbano.
El arte urbano un museo al aire libre de nuestro patrimonio: el caso de Fuenlabrada como recorrido artístico.
Authors: López Méndez Lorena
Published: April 2021

El arte urbano, a pesar de ser un fenómeno artístico que ha evolucionado exponencialmente en las últimas décadas, en ocasiones pasa desapercibido por los viandantes de una ciudad, pero en otras las pinturas murales son valoradas por el trasfondo social, cultural y político que transmiten; algunos mensajes tienen una intencionalidad por parte del autor de hacerse públicos, de llamar la atención y provocar al espectador. Como es el caso de los murales que pueden ser visitados en el municipio madrileño de Fuenlabrada. Murales que  favorecen un recorrido artístico  y participativo, como si se tratase de un museo al aire libre, pudiéndose considerar a día de hoy parte del paisaje urbanístico de la ciudad y por tanto parte de nuestro  patrimonio cultural e inmaterial.
Short-term electricity grid maximum demand forecasting with the ARIMAX-SVR Machine Learning Hybrid Model
Authors: Chow Hon Fung
Published: April 2021

This paper proposes and discusses the viability of a short-term grid maximum demand forecasting model combining autoregressive integrated moving average with regressors (ARIMAX) and support vector regression (SVR). Grid demand forecasting is essential to generation unit scheduling, maintenance planning and system security. Traditionally, grid demand is forecasted using multivariate linear regression models with parameters adjusted to past data. A disadvantage of the linear regression model is that the parameters require regular adjustment, otherwise the prediction accuracy will deteriorate over time. With recent advances in the field of machine learning and lower computational costs, the usage of machine learning in the power industry becomes increasingly practicable. The proposed model is a machine learning model that combines ARIMAX and SVR to exploit their respective effectiveness in predicting linear and non-linear data. In contrast to linear regression models, the machine learning model automatically updates itself when new data is included. The hybrid model is benchmarked against other forecasting models and demonstrated a marked improvement in accuracy, achieving RMSE of 67.7MW and MAPE of 1.32% in a seven-day forecast.
PENERAPAN CONTENT AND LANGUAGE INTEGRATED LEARNING (CLIL) PADA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DI TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN DASAR DI INDONESIA
Authors: Amiroh Bebasari , Ginting Daniel , Fortunasari Cindy
Published: April 2021

This article aims to describe the fitness of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) in Mathematics subject for elementary education in Indonesia. The research was a qualitative study conducted through a case study. The case study was conducted in the context of elementary education. This research discovered that CLIL needed to be conducted in consideration of the urgency of teaching Mathematics in English, the appropriate method of teaching Mathematics in English, the appropriate duration of applying CLIL, and the impacts of CLIL on learners. Through the application of CLIL in teaching Mathematics in English, Indonesian students will be accustomed to the concept of understanding word problems in English, be accustomed to the application of higher order thinking in solving math problems, have higher interest in math and English, and have a stronger foundation for a more complex math learning at a higher level.
The effect of C-type natriuretic peptide on delayed rectifier potassium currents in gastric antral circular myocytes of the guinea-pig
Authors: Xu HY , Huang X , Yang M , Sun J-B , Piao L-H , Zhang Y , Gao L , Xu W-X
Published: April 2021

C-type natriuretic peptides (CNP) play an inhibitory role in smooth muscle motility of the gastrointestinal tract, but the effect of CNP on delayed rectifier potassium currents is still unclear. This study was designed to investigate the effect of CNP on delayed rectifier potassium currents and its mechanism by using conventional whole-cell patch-clamp technique in guinea-pig gastric myocytes isolated by collagenase. CNP significantly inhibited delayed rectifier potassium currents [I(K (V))] in dose-dependent manner, and CNP inhibited the peak current elicited by depolarized step pulse to 86.1+/-1.6 % (n=7, P<0.05), 78.4+/-2.6 % (n=10, P<0.01) and 67.7+/-2.3 % (n=14, P<0.01), at concentrations of 0.01 micromol/l, 0.1 micromol/l and 1 micromol/l, respectively, at +60 mV. When the cells were preincubated with 0.1 micromol/l LY83583, a guanylate cyclase inhibitor, the 1 ?micromol/l CNP-induced inhibition of I(K (V)) was significantly impaired but when the cells were preincubated with 0.1 micromol/l zaprinast, a cGMP-sensitive phosphodiesterase inhibitor, the 0.01 micromol/l CNP-induced inhibition of I(K (V)) was significantly potentiated. 8-Br-cGMP, a membrane permeable cGMP analogue mimicked inhibitory effect of CNP on I(K (V)). CNP-induced inhibition of I(K (V)) was completely blocked by KT5823, an inhibitor of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). The results suggest that CNP inhibits the delayed rectifier potassium currents via cGMP-PKG signal pathway in the gastric antral circular myocytes of the guinea-pig.
Fibronectin in Fracture Healing: Biological Mechanisms and Regenerative Avenues
Authors: Klavert Jonathan , van der Eerden Bram C. J.
Published: April 2021

The importance of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in mediating bone fracture repair is evident, and fibronectin (FN) has emerged as a pivotal regulator of this process. FN is an evolutionarily conserved glycoprotein found in all tissues of the body, and functions in several stages of fracture healing. FN acts as a three-dimensional scaffold immediately following trauma, guiding the assembly of additional ECM components. Furthermore, FN regulates cellular behavior via integrin-binding and growth factor-binding domains, promoting downstream responses including cell recruitment, proliferation and differentiation. Due to its diverse functions, the development of FN-based strategies to promote fracture healing is under intense research. In this review, we discuss the recent advancements in utilizing FN-based biomaterials, showing promise in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
Making Diabetes Care Fit—Are We Making Progress?
Authors: Ruissen Merel M. , Rodriguez-Gutierrez René , Montori Victor M. , Kunneman Marleen
Published: April 2021

The care of patients with diabetes requires plans of care that make intellectual, practical, and emotional sense to patients. For these plans to fit well, patients and clinicians must work together to develop a common understanding of the patient’s problematic human situation and co-create a plan of care that responds well to it. This process, which starts at the point of care, needs to continue at the point of life. There, patients work to fit the demands of their care plan along with the demands placed by their lives and loves. Thought in this way, diabetes care goes beyond the control of metabolic parameters and the achievement of glycemic control targets. Instead, it is a highly individualized endeavor that must arrive at a care plan that reflects the biology and biography of the patient, the best available research evidence, and the priorities and values of the patient and her community. It must also be feasible within the life of the patient, minimally disrupting those aspects of the patient life that are treasured and justify the pursuit of care in the first place. Patient-centered methods such as shared decision making and minimally disruptive medicine have joined technological advances, patient empowerment, self-management support, and expert patient communities to advance the fit of diabetes care both at the point of care and at the point of life.
Activation of TRPV1 by Capsaicin or Heat Drives Changes in 2-Acyl Glycerols and N-Acyl Ethanolamines in a Time, Dose, and Temperature Dependent Manner
Authors: Manchanda Meera , Leishman Emma , Sangani Kishan , Alamri Ali , Bradshaw Heather B.
Published: April 2021

Endocannabinoids (eCBs) and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are associated with thermoregulation; however, there are many gaps in the understanding of how these signaling systems work together in responding to changes in temperature. TRPV1, a calcium-permeable ion channel, is activated by capsaicin, elevated temperature, the eCB Anandamide, and over 15 additional endogenous lipids. There is also evidence for signaling crosstalk between TRPV1 and the eCB receptor, CB1. We recently found that activation of TRPV1-HEK cells by capsaicin increases the production of the eCB, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), suggesting a molecular link between these receptors. Here, we tested the hypothesis that TRPV1 activation by capsaicin drives regulation of a wider-range of lipid signaling molecules and is time and dose-dependent. We also tested the hypothesis that changes in temperature that drive changes in calcium mobilization in TRPV1-HEK will likewise drive similar changes in lipid signaling molecule regulation. Lipid analysis was conducted by partial purification of methanolic extracts on C18 solid phase extraction columns followed by HPLC/MS/MS. Capsaicin increased the release of 2-acyl glycerols (2-AG, 2-linoleoyl glycerol, 2-oleoyl glycerol), in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, whereas levels of N-acyl ethanolamines (NAEs), including Anandamide, were significantly decreased. Analogous changes in 2-acyl glycerols and NAEs were measured upon ramping the temperature from 37 to 45°C. In contrast, opposite effects were measured when analyzing lipids after they were maintained at 27°C and then quickly ramped to 37°C, wherein 2-acyl glycerol levels decreased and NAEs increased. These results provide further evidence that the eCB system and TRPV1 have integrated signaling functions that are associated with the molecular response to temperature variation.
Toward Understanding the Molecular Role of SNX27/Retromer in Human Health and Disease
Authors: Chandra Mintu , Kendall Amy K. , Jackson Lauren P.
Published: April 2021

Aberrations in membrane trafficking pathways have profound effects in cellular dynamics of cellular sorting processes and can drive severe physiological outcomes. Sorting nexin 27 (SNX27) is a metazoan-specific sorting nexin protein from the PX-FERM domain family and is required for endosomal recycling of many important transmembrane receptors. Multiple studies have shown SNX27-mediated recycling requires association with retromer, one of the best-known regulators of endosomal trafficking. SNX27/retromer downregulation is strongly linked to Down’s Syndrome (DS) via glutamate receptor dysfunction and to Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) through increased intracellular production of amyloid peptides from amyloid precursor protein (APP) breakdown. SNX27 is further linked to addiction via its role in potassium channel trafficking, and its over-expression is linked to tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and metastasis. Thus, the correct sorting of multiple receptors by SNX27/retromer is vital for normal cellular function to prevent human diseases. The role of SNX27 in regulating cargo recycling from endosomes to the cell surface is firmly established, but how SNX27 assembles with retromer to generate tubulovesicular carriers remains elusive. Whether SNX27/retromer may be a putative therapeutic target to prevent neurodegenerative disease is now an emerging area of study. This review will provide an update on our molecular understanding of endosomal trafficking events mediated by the SNX27/retromer complex on endosomes.
Loss of stra8 Increases Germ Cell Apoptosis but Is Still Compatible With Sperm Production in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Skaftnesmo Kai O. , Crespo Diego , Kleppe Lene , Andersson Eva , Edvardsen Rolf B. , Norberg Birgitta , Fjelldal Per Gunnar , Hansen Tom J. , Schulz Rüdiger W. , Wargelius Anna
Published: April 2021

Entering meiosis strictly depends on stimulated by retinoic acid 8 (Stra8) gene function in mammals. This gene is missing in a number of fish species, including medaka and zebrafish, but is present in the majority of fishes, including Atlantic salmon. Here, we have examined the effects of removing stra8 on male fertility in Atlantic salmon. As in mammals, stra8 expression was restricted to germ cells in the testis, transcript levels increased during the start of puberty, and decreased when blocking the production of retinoic acid. We targeted the salmon stra8 gene with two gRNAs one of these were highly effective and produced numerous mutations in stra8, which led to a loss of wild-type (WT) stra8 expression in F0 salmon testis. In maturing stra8 crispants, the spermatogenetic tubuli were partially disorganized and displayed a sevenfold increase in germ cell apoptosis, in particular among type B spermatogonia and spermatocytes. The production of spermatogenic cysts, on the other hand, increased in maturing stra8 crispants. Gene expression analysis revealed unchanged (lin28a, ret) or reduced levels (egr1, dusp4) of transcripts associated with undifferentiated spermatogonia. Decreased expression was recorded for some genes expressed in differentiating spermatogonia including dmrt1 and ccnd2 or in spermatocytes, such as ccna1. Different from Stra8-deficient mammals, a large number of germ cells completed spermatogenesis, sperm was produced and fertilization rates were similar in WT and crispant males. While loss of stra8 increased germ cell apoptosis during salmon spermatogenesis, crispants compensated this cell loss by an elevated production of spermatogenic cysts, and were able to produce functional sperm. It appears that also in a fish species with a stra8 gene in the genome, the critical relevance this gene has attained for mammalian spermatogenesis is not yet given, although detrimental effects of the loss of stra8 were clearly visible during maturation.
The Regulatory Role of Oxygen Metabolism in Exercise-Induced Cardiomyocyte Regeneration
Authors: Bo Bing , Li Shuangshuang , Zhou Ke , Wei Jianshe
Published: April 2021

During heart failure, the heart is unable to regenerate lost or damaged cardiomyocytes and is therefore unable to generate adequate cardiac output. Previous research has demonstrated that cardiac regeneration can be promoted by a hypoxia-related oxygen metabolic mechanism. Numerous studies have indicated that exercise plays a regulatory role in the activation of regeneration capacity in both healthy and injured adult cardiomyocytes. However, the role of oxygen metabolism in regulating exercise-induced cardiomyocyte regeneration is unclear. This review focuses on the alteration of the oxygen environment and metabolism in the myocardium induced by exercise, including the effects of mild hypoxia, changes in energy metabolism, enhanced elimination of reactive oxygen species, augmentation of antioxidative capacity, and regulation of the oxygen-related metabolic and molecular pathway in the heart. Deciphering the regulatory role of oxygen metabolism and related factors during and after exercise in cardiomyocyte regeneration will provide biological insight into endogenous cardiac repair mechanisms. Furthermore, this work provides strong evidence for exercise as a cost-effective intervention to improve cardiomyocyte regeneration and restore cardiac function in this patient population.
DNA Double-Strand Breaks: A Double-Edged Sword for Trypanosomatids
Authors: da Silva Marcelo Santos
Published: April 2021

For nearly all eukaryotic cells, stochastic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are one of the most deleterious types of DNA lesions. DSB processing and repair can cause sequence deletions, loss of heterozygosity, and chromosome rearrangements resulting in cell death or carcinogenesis. However, trypanosomatids (single-celled eukaryotes parasites) do not seem to follow this premise strictly. Several studies have shown that trypanosomatids depend on DSBs to perform several events of paramount importance during their life cycle. For Trypanosoma brucei, DSBs formation is associated with host immune evasion via antigenic variation. In Trypanosoma cruzi, DSBs play a crucial role in the genetic exchange, a mechanism that is still little explored but appear to be of fundamental importance for generating variability. In Leishmania spp., DSBs are necessary to generate genomic changes by gene copy number variation (CNVs), events that are essential for these organisms to overcome inhospitable conditions. As DSB repair in trypanosomatids is primarily conducted via homologous recombination (HR), most of the events associated with DSBs are HR-dependent. This review will discuss the latest findings on how trypanosomatids balance the benefits and inexorable challenges caused by DSBs.
Layer-By-Layer Fabrication of Large and Thick Human Cardiac Muscle Patch Constructs With Superior Electrophysiological Properties
Authors: Pretorius Danielle , Kahn-Krell Asher M. , Lou Xi , Fast Vladimir G. , Berry Joel L. , Kamp Timothy J. , Zhang Jianyi
Published: April 2021

Engineered cardiac tissues fabricated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) show promise for ameliorating damage from myocardial infarction, while also restoring function to the damaged left ventricular (LV) myocardium. For these constructs to reach their clinical potential, they need to be of a clinically relevant volume and thickness, and capable of generating synchronous and forceful contraction to assist the pumping action of the recipient heart. Design prerequisites include a structure thickness sufficient to produce a beneficial contractile force, prevascularization to overcome diffusion limitations and sufficient structural development to allow for maximal cell communication. Previous attempts to meet these prerequisites have been hindered by lack of oxygen and nutrient transport due to diffusion limits (100–200 μm) resulting in necrosis. This study employs a layer-by-layer (LbL) fabrication method to produce cardiac tissue constructs that meet these design prerequisites and mimic normal myocardium in form and function. Thick (>2 mm) cardiac tissues created from hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, -endothelial cells (ECs) and -fibroblasts (FBs) were assessed,in vitro, over a 4-week period for viability (<6% necrotic cells), cell morphology and functionality. Functional performance assessment showed enhancedt-tubule network development, gap junction communication as well as previously unseen, physiologically relevant conduction velocities (CVs) (>30 cm/s). These results demonstrate that LbL fabrication can be utilized successfully to create prevascularized, functional cardiac tissue constructs from hiPSCs for potential therapeutic applications.
Expression of Lipid-Metabolism Genes Is Correlated With Immune Microenvironment and Predicts Prognosis in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Qian Hu , Lei Ting , Hu Yihe , Lei Pengfei
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Osteosarcoma was the most popular primary malignant tumor in children and adolescent, and the 5-year survival of osteosarcoma patients gained no substantial improvement over the past 35 years. This study aims to explore the role of lipid metabolism in the development and diagnosis of osteosarcoma.

Methods

Clinical information and corresponding RNA data of osteosarcoma patients were downloaded from TRGET and GEO databases. Consensus clustering was performed to identify new molecular subgroups. ESTIMATE, TIMER and ssGSEA analyses were applied to determinate the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and immune status of the identified subgroups. Functional analyses including GO, KEGG, GSVA and GSEA analyses were conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Prognostic risk model was constructed using LASSO algorithm and multivariate Cox regression analysis.

Results

Two molecular subgroups with significantly different survival were identified. Better prognosis was associated with high immune score, low tumor purity, high abundance of immune infiltrating cells and relatively high immune status. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that the DEGs between the two subgroups were mainly enriched in immune- and bone remodeling-associated pathways. GSVA and GSEA analyses indicated that, lipid catabolism downregulation and lipid hydroxylation upregulation may impede the bone remodeling and development of immune system. Risk model based on lipid metabolism related genes (LMRGs) showed potent potential for survival prediction in osteosarcoma. Nomogram integrating risk model and clinical characteristics could predict the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients accurately.

Conclusion

Expression of lipid-metabolism genes is correlated with immune microenvironment of osteosarcoma patients and could be applied to predict the prognosis of in osteosarcoma accurately.
The Antibacterial Effects of Supermolecular Nano-Carriers by Combination of Silver and Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Feng Gui-ning , Huang Xiao-tao , Jiang Xin-lin , Deng Ting-wei , Li Qiu-xia , Li Jie-xia , Wu Qian-ni , Li Song-pei , Sun Xian-qiang , Huang Yu-gang , Qin Ai-ping , Liang Lu , Fu Ji-jun
Published: April 2021

The over-use of antibiotics has promoted multidrug resistance and decreased the efficacy of antibiotic therapy. Thus, it is still in great need to develop efficient treatment strategies to combat the bacteria infection. The antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and silver nanoparticles have been emerged as effective antibacterial methods. However, the silver therapy may induce serious damages to human cells at high concentrations and, the bare silver nanoparticles may rapidly aggregate, which would reduce the antibacterial efficacy. The encapsulation of sliver by nano-carrier is a promising way to avoid its aggregation and facilitates the co-delivery of drugs for combination therapy, which does not require high concentration of sliver to exert antibacterial efficacy. This work constructed a self-assembled supermolecular nano-carrier consisting of the photosensitizers (PSs), the anti-inflammatory agent and silver. The synthesized supermolecular nano-carrier produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) under the exposure of 620-nm laser. It exhibited satisfying biocompatibility in L02 cells. And, this nano-carrier showed excellent antibacterial efficacy in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) as indicated by bacterial growth and colony formation. Its antibacterial performance is further validated by the bacteria morphology through the scanning electron microscope (SEM), showing severely damaged structures of bacteria. To summary, the supermolecular nano-carrier TCPP-MTX-Ag-NP combining the therapeutic effects of ROS and silver may serve as a novel strategy of treatment for bacterial infection.
Promoting the Performance of Li–CO2 Batteries via Constructing Three-Dimensional Interconnected K+ Doped MnO2 Nanowires Networks
Authors: Tang Zhuolin , Yuan Mengming , Zhu Huali , Zeng Guang , Liu Jun , Duan Junfei , Chen Zhaoyong
Published: April 2021

Nowadays, Li–CO2 batteries have attracted enormous interests due to their high energy density for integrated energy storage and conversion devices, superiorities of capturing and converting CO2. Nevertheless, the actual application of Li–CO2 batteries is hindered attributed to excessive overpotential and poor lifespan. In the past decades, catalysts have been employed in the Li–CO2 batteries and been demonstrated to reduce the decomposition potential of the as-formed Li2CO3 during charge process with high efficiency. However, as a representative of promising catalysts, the high costs of noble metals limit the further development, which gives rise to the exploration of catalysts with high efficiency and low cost. In this work, we prepared a K+ doped MnO2 nanowires networks with three-dimensional interconnections (3D KMO NWs) catalyst through a simple hydrothermal method. The interconnected 3D nanowires network catalysts could accelerate the Li ions diffusion, CO2 transfer and the decomposition of discharge products Li2CO3. It is found that high content of K+ doping can promote the diffusion of ions, electrons and CO2 in the MnO2 air cathode, and promote the octahedral effect of MnO6, stabilize the structure of MnO2 hosts, and improve the catalytic activity of CO2. Therefore, it shows a high total discharge capacity of 9,043 mAh g−1, a low overpotential of 1.25 V, and a longer cycle performance.
Deletion of the ATP2 Gene in Candida albicans Blocks Its Escape From Macrophage Clearance
Authors: Zhang Yishan , Tang Chuanyan , Zhang Zhanpeng , Li Shuixiu , Zhao Yajing , Weng Luobei , Zhang Hong
Published: April 2021

Macrophages provide the first-line defense against invasive fungal infections and, therefore, escape from macrophage becomes the basis for the establishment ofCandida albicansinvasive infection. Here, we found that deletion ofATP2(atp2Δ/Δ) inC. albicansresulted in a dramatic decrease from 69.2% (WT) to 1.2% in the escape ratein vitro. The effect ofATP2on macrophage clearance stands out among the genes currently known to affect clearance. In the normal mice, theatp2Δ/Δ cells were undetectable in major organs 72 h after systemic infection, while WT cells persistedin vivo. However, in the macrophage-depleted mice,atp2Δ/Δ could persist for 72 h at an amount comparable to that at 24 h. Regarding the mechanism, WT cells sustained growth and switched to hyphal form, which was more conducive to escape from macrophages, in media that mimic the glucose-deficient environment in macrophages. In contrast,atp2Δ/Δ cells can remained viable but were unable to complete morphogenesis in these media, resulting in them being trapped within macrophages in the yeast form. Meanwhile,atp2Δ/Δ cells were killed by oxidative stress in alternative carbon sources by 2- to 3-fold more than WT cells. Taken together,ATP2deletion preventsC. albicansfrom escaping macrophage clearance, and thereforeATP2has a functional basis as a drug target that interferes with macrophage clearance.