bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transient thermal convective and radiative diffusion–reaction of magneto‐metallic Brinkman‐type nanofluid flow with isothermal and ramped temperature impacts
Authors: Reddy B. Prabhakar , Shamshuddin M. D. , Salawu S. O. , Matao M. Paul
Published: September 2024

Fluid‐containing nanoparticle research is well‐known for its heat transmission properties due to real‐world applications in various thermal systems. This demonstration shows how time‐dependent magneto‐hydrodynamic (MHD) Brinkman‐type nanofluid can flow through a vertical oscillating absorbent plate immersed in a porous environment. The governing dimensional partial differential system of equations is translated into a non‐dimensional partial differential system with applicable scaling variables. The transient equations governing nanofluid flow's momentum, thermal and mass are solved using the finite semi‐discretization difference line method. The obtained outcomes are validated by comparing them with previous works. Graphical resolutions for momentum, heat, and mass distribution fields are presented to examine essential physical terms with the isothermal and ramped temperature impacts. It was found that magnifying the Brinkman parameter and magnetic parameter brings in a decrement in fluid velocity. In contrast, reversal deportment is exposed with an enlargement of permeability parameters and thermal and solute buoyancy effects. Reynold's number has shown a declining impact in the fluid velocity, but time progress unveiled a contrary tendency. The sprouting radiation parameter deepens the fluid temperature, whereas the rising heat absorption parameter curtails the fluid temperature. The fluid concentration deflates for growing Schmidt number and chemical reactive agent. The wall friction increased with the porosity parameter but has shown a reverse trend with magnetic and Brinkman parameters. Increasing the Prandtl number and heat‐consumption parameter helps to raise the temperature gradient. The concentration gradient lessened on augmentation of chemical reaction and Schmidt number.
Implementing open science and reproducible research practices in mental health research through registered reports
Authors: Baldwin Jessie R. , Larsson Henrik
Published: September 2024

To increase the number of pre‐registered observational studies, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (JCPP) Advances is delighted to now invite Registered Reports. Registered Reports are a format of article in which the study protocol is pre‐registered and peer‐reviewed before the research is conducted. If the protocol is of high quality and the proposed research topic is important, JCPP Advances will commit to publishing the study regardless of the results. This article format crucially addresses publication bias, as decisions on publication are entirely independent of the results.
N121T and N121S substitutions on the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein impact on serum neutralization
Authors: Lo Van Thi , Lim Hyun A. , Jang Seong Sik , Kim Min Chan , Chamfort Alain Chrysler , Kim Ha Yeon , Mun Da Young , Kang Min Chang , Lee Han Byul , Kim Sunjoo , Lee Younghee , Park Sangkyu , Yoon Sun‐Woo , Kim Hye Kwon
Published: September 2024

The N121 site on the spike protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 is associated with heme and its metabolite, biliverdin, which can affect antibody binding. Both N121T and N121S substitutions have been observed in natural conditions and in a hamster model of dual infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 and Influenza A virus. Serum pseudotype neutralization assays against HIV‐1 particles carrying wild‐type, N121T, and N121S spikes with immune mouse and human sera revealed that N121T and N121S mutations had a greater impact on serum neutralization than biliverdin treatment. Although N121T and N121S substitutions are not currently major SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern, this study could provide fundamental information to prepare for potential future mutations at the N121 site of SARS‐CoV‐2.
Criteria for second generation comparator tests in validation of novel HPV DNA tests for use in cervical cancer screening
Authors: Arbyn Marc , Cuschieri Kate , Bonde Jesper , Schuurman Rob , Cocuzza Clementina , Broeck Davy Vanden , Zhao Fang‐Hui , Rezhake Remila , Gultekin Murat , de Sanjosé Silvia , Canfell Karen , Hawkes David , Saville Marion , Hillemanns Peter , Dillner Joakim , Berkhof Johannes , Prétet Jean‐Luc , Gheit Tarik , Clifford Gary , Basu Partha , Almonte Maribel , Wentzensen Nicolas , Poljak Mario
Published: September 2024

While HC2 and GP5+/6+ PCR‐EIA were pivotal in test validation of new HPV assays, they represent the first generation of comparator tests based upon technologies that are not in widespread use anymore. In the current guideline, criteria for second‐generation comparator tests are presented that include more detailed resolution of HPV genotypes. Second‐generation comparator tests should preferentially target only the 12 genotypes classified as carcinogenic (IARC‐group I), and show consistent non‐inferior sensitivity for CIN2+ and CIN3+ and specificity for ≤CIN1 compared to one of the first‐generations comparators, in at least three validation studies using benchmarks of 0.95 for relative sensitivity and 0.98 for relative specificity. Validation should take into account used storage media and other sample handling procedures. Meta‐analyses were conducted to identify the assays that fulfill these stringent criteria. Four tests fulfilled the new criteria: (1) RealTime High‐Risk HPV Test (Abbott), (2) Cobas‐4800 HPV test (Roche Molecular System), (3) Onclarity HPV Assay (BD Diagnostics), and (4) Anyplex II HPV HR Detection (Seegene), each evaluated in three to six studies. Whereas the four assays target 14 carcinogenic genotypes, the first two identify separately HPV16 and 18, the third assay identifies five types separately and the fourth identifies all the types separately.
Serial transverse enteroplasty in adults with parenteral nutrition dependence: A case series
Authors: Mlaver Eli , Smith Savannah R. , Matar Abraham J. , Zhao Vivian M. , Leong Rachel , Sharma Jyotirmay , Srinivasan Jahnavi K. , Galloway John R.
Published: September 2024

Background

Serial transverse enteroplasty is used to treat patients with chronic intestinal failure owing to short bowel syndrome. Current literature lacks discussion of its role for other etiologies of intestinal failure and its impact on adult patients' nutrition support needs and quality of life.

Methods

We performed a case series on adults with parenteral nutrition (PN) dependence who underwent serial transverse enteroplasty at Emory University Hospital, a quaternary referral center between 2011 and 2022. Data collected included demographics, operative technique, and preoperative and postoperative PN requirements. A phone survey was administered to evaluate the impact of PN and the operation on quality of life.

Results

Ten patients underwent the procedure of interest during the study period. Indications included short bowel syndrome following multiple abdominal operations or intra‐abdominal catastrophe and chronic partial bowel obstruction with dysmotility. Bowel length increased by a median of 83%. All patients were discharged home after a median hospital stay of 21 days. At 1‐year follow‐up, survival was 100%, two (20%) patients fully weaned from PN, three others (30%) reduced PN frequency, and six (60%) decreased their daily parenteral energy requirement. Two additional patients fully weaned from PN by 18 months postoperatively.

Conclusion

This represents one of the largest case series of serial transverse enteroplasty in adults. Small intestinal length nearly doubled, and PN dependence was reduced in most patients. Given the low morbidity and good quality of life observed in this series, this procedure should be more widely investigated for patients with chronic intestinal failure.
A Novel Prediction Model for Churning Power Loss of Spur Gear
Authors: Jia Fuchun , Wang Binyu , Fu Yao
Published: September 2024

The prediction of churning power loss has been a difficult problem in the analysis of spur gears. Thus, an analytical prediction model based on the redefinition of churning power loss and energy transformation is proposed to estimate the churning power of spur gears. Churning power loss is defined as the combination of the power loss due to the drag on the end face, the power loss due to the tangential flow, the power loss due to the acceleration of lubricants in the tooth space, and the power loss due to the centrifugal force. Several comparisons of prediction and experimental results are made and good agreement of those is obtained. Finally, the components of churning power loss under different gears and work conditions are analyzed, and the influences of each part on churning power loss are obtained.
On the stability of constant higher order mean curvature hypersurfaces in a Riemannian manifold
Authors: Elbert Maria Fernanda , Nelli Barbara
Published: September 2024

We propose a notion of stability for constant ‐mean curvature hypersurfaces in a general Riemannian manifold and we give some applications. When the ambient manifold is a Space Form, our notion coincides with the known one, given by means of the variational problem.
Posttransplant complications: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions
Authors: Liu Xiaoyou , Shen Junyi , Yan Hongyan , Hu Jianmin , Liao Guorong , Liu Ding , Zhou Song , Zhang Jie , Liao Jun , Guo Zefeng , Li Yuzhu , Yang Siqiang , Li Shichao , Chen Hua , Guo Ying , Li Min , Fan Lipei , Li Liuyang , Luo Peng , Zhao Ming , Liu Yongguang
Published: September 2024

Posttransplantation complications pose a major challenge to the long‐term survival and quality of life of organ transplant recipients. These complications encompass immune‐mediated complications, infectious complications, metabolic complications, and malignancies, with each type influenced by various risk factors and pathological mechanisms. The molecular mechanisms underlying posttransplantation complications involve a complex interplay of immunological, metabolic, and oncogenic processes, including innate and adaptive immune activation, immunosuppressant side effects, and viral reactivation. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical features, risk factors, and molecular mechanisms of major posttransplantation complications. We systematically summarize the current understanding of the immunological basis of allograft rejection and graft‐versus‐host disease, the metabolic dysregulation associated with immunosuppressive agents, and the role of oncogenic viruses in posttransplantation malignancies. Furthermore, we discuss potential prevention and intervention strategies based on these mechanistic insights, highlighting the importance of optimizing immunosuppressive regimens, enhancing infection prophylaxis, and implementing targeted therapies. We also emphasize the need for future research to develop individualized complication control strategies under the guidance of precision medicine, ultimately improving the prognosis and quality of life of transplant recipients.
Targeting chronic lymphocytic leukemia with B‐cell activating factor receptor CAR T cells
Authors: Qie Yaqing , Gadd Martha E. , Shao Qing , To Tommy , Liu Andrew , Li Shuhua , Rivera‐Valentin Rocio , Yassine Farah , Murthy Hemant S. , Dronca Roxana , Kharfan‐Dabaja Mohamed A. , Qin Hong , Luo Yan
Published: September 2024

The challenge of disease relapsed/refractory (R/R) remains a therapeutic hurdle in chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy, especially for hematological diseases, with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) being particularly resistant to CD19 CAR T cells. Currently, there is no approved CAR T‐cell therapy for CLL patients. In this study, we aimed to address this unmet medical need by choosing the B‐cell activating factor receptor (BAFF‐R) as a promising target for CAR design against CLL. BAFF‐R is essential for B‐cell survival and is consistently expressed on CLL tumors. Our research discovered that BAFF‐R CAR T‐cell therapy exerted the cytotoxic effects on both CLL cell lines and primary B cells derived from CLL patients. In addition, the CAR T cells exhibited cytotoxicity against CD19‐knockout CLL cells that are resistant to CD19 CAR T therapy. Furthermore, we were able to generate BAFF‐R CAR T cells from small blood samples collected from CLL patients and then demonstrated the cytotoxic effects of these patient‐derived CAR T cells against autologous tumor cells. Given these promising results, BAFF‐R CAR T‐cell therapy has the potential to meet the long‐standing need for an effective treatment on CLL patients.
Targeting RAC1 reactivates pyroptosis to reverse paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer by suppressing P21‐activated kinase 4
Authors: Wu Jiangchun , Wu Yong , Zhao Tianyi , Wang Xiangwei , Guo Qinhao , Wang Simin , Chen Siyu , Ju Xingzhu , Li Jin , Wu Xiaohua , Zheng Zhong
Published: September 2024

Pyroptosis may play an important role in the resistance of ovarian cancer (OC) to chemotherapy. However, the mechanism by which pyroptosis modulation can attenuate chemotherapy resistance has not been comprehensively studied in OC. Here, we demonstrated that RAS‐associated C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) is highly expressed in OC and is negatively correlated with patient outcomes. Through cell function tests and in vivo tumor formation tests, we found that RAC1 can promote tumor growth by mediating paclitaxel (PTX) resistance. RAC1 can mediate OC progression by inhibiting pyroptosis, as evidenced by high‐throughput automated confocal imaging, the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β/IL‐18 and the nucleotide oligomerization domain‐like receptor family pyrin domain‐containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Mechanically, RNA‐seq, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), coimmunoprecipitation (Co‐IP), mass spectrometry (MS), and ubiquitination tests further confirmed that RAC1 inhibits caspase‐1/gasdermin D (GSDMD)‐mediated canonical pyroptosis through the P21‐activated kinase 4 (PAK4)/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, thereby promoting PTX resistance in OC cells. Finally, the whole molecular pathway was verified by the results of in vivo drug combination tests, clinical specimen detection and the prognosis. In summary, our results suggest that the combination of RAC1 inhibitors with PTX can reverse PTX resistance by inducing pyroptosis through the PAK4/MAPK pathway.
On the matrix versions of the k analog of ℑ‐incomplete Gauss hypergeometric functions and associated fractional calculus
Authors: Qadha Muneera Abdullah , Qadha Sarah Abdullah , Bakhet Ahmed
Published: September 2024

In this paper, our aim is to introduce a new definition of (
‐incomplete Wright hypergeometric matrix functions (
‐IWHMFs) using the
‐incomplete Pochhammer matrix symbol. First, we define the
‐incomplete gamma matrix function and introduce the
‐incomplete Pochhammer matrix symbols. Furthermore, we present differential formulas and integral representation related to these
‐IWHMFs. We have also obtained some results regarding the
‐fractional calculus operators of these
‐IWHMFs. Finally, we investigate the solutions of fractional kinetic equations (FKEs) involving the
‐IWHMFs.
Spectral methods utilizing generalized Bernstein‐like basis functions for time‐fractional advection–diffusion equations
Authors: Algazaa Shahad Adil Taher , Saeidian Jamshid
Published: September 2024

This paper presents two methods for solving two‐dimensional linear and nonlinear time‐fractional advection–diffusion equations with Caputo fractional derivatives. To effectively manage endpoint singularities, we propose an advanced space‐time Galerkin technique and a collocation spectral method, both employing generalized Bernstein‐like basis functions (GBFs). The properties and behaviors of these functions are examined, highlighting their practical applications. The space‐time spectral methods incorporate GBFs in the temporal domain and classical Bernstein polynomials in the spatial domain. Fractional equations frequently produce irregular solutions despite smooth input data due to their singular kernel. To address this, GBFs are applied to the time derivative and classical Bernstein polynomials to the spatial derivative. A thorough error analysis confirms the technique's accuracy and convergence, offering a robust theoretical basis. Numerical experiments validate the method, demonstrating its effectiveness in solving both linear and nonlinear time‐fractional advection–diffusion equations.
Wave propagation for the isentropic compressible Navier–Stokes/Allen–Cahn system
Authors: Chen Yazhou , Tang Houzhi , Zhang Yue
Published: September 2024

We study the Cauchy problem for the three‐dimensional isentropic compressible Navier–Stokes/Allen–Cahn system, which models the phase transitions in two‐component patterns interacting with a compressible fluid. Under the assumption that the initial perturbation is small and decays spatially, we establish the global existence and the pointwise behavior of strong solutions to this nonconserved system. To deal with the source terms involving the phase variable, we employ the Green's function and space‐time weighted estimates. The analysis shows that the phase variable mainly contains the diffusion wave with exponential decaying amplitude over time, and consequently the density and momentum of the compressible fluid adhere to a generalized Huygens principle.
Convex combinations of some convergent sequences
Authors: Stević Stevo
Published: September 2024

We consider the convex combinations
, of a pair of sequences of real numbers
and
such that
, converging to
, and study the location of the limit inside the intervals
, for every
or for sufficiently large
. We also investigate the same problem for the case of two corresponding sequences converging to
. Among other results, we prove some, a bit, unexpected ones. Namely, for each
, we determine the exact index
at which the sequence
changes the monotonicity, and we also determine the type of the monotonicity. A number of interesting remarks are also presented.
Fast, automated, real‐time 3D passive balloon catheter tracking during MRI‐guided cardiac catheterization using orthogonal projection imaging and real‐time image‐based catheter detection
Authors: Kowalik Grzegorz T. , Kerfoot Eric , Kunze Karl , Neji Radhouene , Moon Tracy , Mellor Nina , Razavi Reza , Pushparajah Kuberan , Roujol Sébastien
Published: September 2024

Purpose

MRI‐guidance of cardiac catheterization is currently performed using one or multiple 2D imaging planes, which may be suboptimal for catheter navigation, especially in patients with complex anatomies. The purpose of the work was to develop a robust real‐time 3D catheter tracking method and 3D visualization strategy for improved MRI‐guidance of cardiac catheterization procedures.

Methods

A fast 3D tracking technique was developed using continuous acquisition of two orthogonal 2D‐projection images. Each projection corresponds to a gradient echo stack of slices with only the central k‐space lines being collected for each slice. To enhance catheter contrast, a saturation pulse is added ahead of the projection pair. An offline image processing algorithm was developed to identify the 2D coordinates of the balloon in each projection image and to estimate its corresponding 3D coordinates. Post‐processing includes background signal suppression using an atlas of background 2D‐projection images. 3D visualization of the catheter and anatomy is proposed using three live sagittal, coronal, and axial (MPR) views and 3D rendering. The technique was tested in a subset of a catheterization step in three patients undergoing MRI‐guided cardiac catheterization using a passive balloon catheter.

Results

The extraction of the catheter balloon 3D coordinates was successful in all patients and for the majority of time‐points (accuracy >96%). This tracking method enabled a novel 3D visualization strategy for passive balloon catheter, providing enhanced anatomical context during catheter navigation.

Conclusion

The proposed tracking strategy shows promise for robust tracking of passive balloon catheter and may enable enhanced visualization during MRI‐guided cardiac catheterization.
High‐quality FLORET UTE imaging for clinical translation
Authors: Willmering Matthew M. , Krishnamoorthy Guruprasad , Robison Ryan K. , Rosenberg Jens T. , Woods Jason C. , Pipe James G.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To develop a robust 3D ultrashort‐TE (UTE) protocol that can reproducibly provide high‐quality images, assessed by the ability to yield clinically diagnostic images, and is suitable for clinical translation.

Theory and Methods

Building on previous work, a UTE sampled with Fermat looped orthogonally encoded trajectories (FLORET) was chosen as a starting point due to its shorter, clinically reasonable scan times. Modifications to previous FLORET implementations included gradient waveform frequency limitations, a new trajectory ordering scheme, a balanced SSFP implementation, fast gradient spoiling, and full inline reconstruction. FLORET images were collected in phantoms and humans on multiple scanners and sites to demonstrate these improvements.

Results

The updates to FLORET provided high‐quality images in phantom, musculoskeletal, and pulmonary applications. The gradient waveform modifications and new trajectory ordering scheme significantly reduced visible artifacts. Fast spoiling reduced acquisition time by 20%–28%. Across the various scanners and sites, the inline image quality was consistent and of diagnostic quality. Total image acquisition plus reconstruction time was less than 4 min for musculoskeletal and pulmonary applications with reconstructions taking less than 1 min.

Conclusion

Recently developed improvements for the FLORET sequence have enabled robust, high‐quality UTE acquisitions with short acquisition and reconstruction times. This enables clinical UTE imaging as demonstrated by the implementation of the sequence and acquisition on five MRI scanners, at three different sites, without the need for any additional system characterization or measurements.
Skeletal muscle symptoms and quantitative MRI in females with dystrophinopathy
Authors: Jenkins Breana M. , Dixon Lathan D. , Kokesh Kevin J. , Zingariello Carla D. , Vandenborne Krista , Walter Glenn A. , Barnard Alison M.
Published: September 2024

Introduction/Aims

The dystrophinopathies primarily affect males; however, female carriers of pathogenic dystrophin variants can develop skeletal muscle symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate muscle involvement and symptoms in females with dystrophinopathy using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional assessments, and patient‐reported outcomes.

Methods

Controls and females with dystrophinopathy with muscle symptoms of pain, weakness, fatigue, or excessive tightness were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. Participants underwent lower extremity MRI to quantify muscle inflammation, replacement by fat, and disease asymmetry. Cardiac MRI, functional ability, muscle symptoms, and serum creatine kinase levels were also evaluated.

Results

Six pediatric females with dystrophinopathy (mean age: 11.7 years), 11 adult females with dystrophinopathy (mean age: 41.3 years), and seven controls enrolled. The mean fat fraction was increased in females with dystrophinopathy compared to controls in the soleus (0.11 vs. 0.03, p = .0272) and vastus lateralis (0.16 vs. 0.03, p = .004). Magnetic resonance spectroscopy water T2, indicative of muscle inflammation, was elevated in the soleus and/or vastus lateralis in 11 of 17 individuals. North Star Ambulatory Assessment score was lower in the dystrophinopathy group compared to controls (29 vs. 34 points, p = .0428). From cardiac MRI, left ventricle T1 relaxation times were elevated in females with dystrophinopathy compared to controls (1311 ± 55 vs. 1263 ± 25 ms, p < .05), but ejection fraction and circumferential strain did not differ.

Discussion

Symptomatic females with dystrophinopathy quantitatively demonstrate muscle replacement by fat and inflammation, along with impairments in functional ability and cardiac function. Additional research is needed to evaluate how symptoms and muscle involvement change longitudinally.
Giving Journeys: The Role of Private Foundations
Authors: Williamson Alexandra , Luke Belinda
Published: September 2024

The giving journeys of individuals, relating to their life stories and life places, have been positioned in the literature as romanticized versions of self. This research adopts a theory of philanthropic identity narratives using a journey metaphor, and explores the role and journeys associated with establishing a giving structure in the form of a private foundation. Findings from interviews with managers and trustees of private philanthropic foundations undertaken in two phases, 7 years apart, show that establishing a foundation shifts the emphasis of a giving journey from being individual‐focused to philanthropy‐focused, facilitating a legacy of giving rather than self. This paper contributes to theoretical and practical understandings of philanthropic journeys by adding a foundation lens, highlighting the shift in emphasis between identity and action, where establishing a giving structure is less about an individual founder's identity and more about focused philanthropic activity, irrespective of what that particular focus may be.
Feasibility of using urinary c‐peptide to guide diabetes management in a district general hospital type 1 diabetes population
Authors: Redford Christopher
Published: September 2024

Background: C‐peptide measurement is a well‐recognised tool for distinguishing individuals with insulin deficiency from those with retained insulin secretion; however, it is not routinely performed across the UK.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of routine urinary c‐peptide testing in a district general hospital type 1 diabetes clinic.

Methods: In this single‐centre study, adults with type 1 diabetes for at least 3 years were offered random urine c‐peptide–to–creatinine ratio (UCPCR) testing during routine clinic review. A UCPCR of >0.2 prompted further evaluation of the individual and their diabetes treatment.

Results: Of 200 recruited individuals, 172 (87%) submitted a urine sample. Of the 172 individuals, 26 (15%) had a UCPCR of >0.2, which prompted a review of their diagnosis and treatment strategies, and 12 (7%) had a UCPCR of >0.6, suggesting significant inherent insulin secretion and a likelihood of positive response to alternative or additional pharmacological agents.

Conclusions: Urinary c‐peptide level testing performed routinely at a district general hospital type 1 diabetes clinic is practical. It can alter patient clinical outcomes, lead to more appropriate and effective pharmacological treatments and ensure appropriate use of expensive technologies.
The role of protein corona in advancing plasma proteomics
Authors: Saei Amir Ata , Sun Liangliang , Mahmoudi Morteza
Published: September 2024

The protein corona, a layer of biomolecules forming around nanoparticles in biological environments, critically influences nanoparticle interactions with biosystems, affecting pharmacokinetics and biological outcomes. Initially, the protein corona presented challenges for nanomedicine and nanotoxicology, such as nutrient depletion in cell cultures and masking of nanoparticle‐targeting species. However, recent advancements have highlighted its potential in environmental toxicity, proteomics, and immunology. This viewpoint focuses on leveraging the protein corona to enhance the depth of plasma proteome analysis, addressing challenges posed by the high dynamic range of protein concentrations in plasma. The protein corona simplifies sample preparation, enriches low‐abundance proteins, and improves proteome coverage. Innovations include using diverse nanoparticles and spiking small molecules to increase the number of quantified proteins. Reproducibility issues across core facilities necessitate standardized protocols. Moreover, top‐down proteomics enables proteoform‐specific measurements, providing deeper insights into protein corona composition. Future research should aim at improving top‐down proteomics techniques and integrating protein corona studies and proteomics for personalized medicine and advanced diagnostics.
Lung ultrasound in children with primary ciliary dyskinesia or cystic fibrosis
Authors: Marzook Noah , Dubrovsky Alexander S. , Muchantef Karl , Zielinski David , Lands Larry C. , Shapiro Adam J.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and cystic fibrosis (CF) are respiratory conditions requiring regular chest radiography (CXR) surveillance to monitor pulmonary disease. However, CXR is insensitive for lung disease in CF and PCD. Lung ultrasound (LU) is a radiation‐free alternative showing good correlation with severity of lung disease in CF but has not been studied in PCD.

Method

Standardized, six‐zone LU studies and CXR were performed on a convenience sample of children with PCD or CF during a single visit when well. LU studies were graded using the LU scoring system, while CXR studies received a modified Chrispin‐Norman score. Scores were correlated with clinical outcomes.

Result

Data from 30 patients with PCD and 30 with CF (median age PCD 11.5 years, CF 9.1 years) with overall mild pulmonary disease (PCD median FEV1 90% predicted, CF FEV1 100%) were analyzed. LU abnormalities appear in 11/30 (36%) patients with PCD and 9/30 (30%) with CF. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive, and negative predictive values for abnormal LU compared to the gold standard of CXR are 42%, 61%, 42%, and 61% in PCD, and 44%, 81%, 50%, and 77% in CF, respectively. Correlation between LU and CXR scores are poor for both diseases (PCD r = −0.1288, p = 0.4977; CF r = 0.0343, p = 0.8571), and LU score does not correlate with clinical outcomes in PCD.

Conclusion

The correlation of LU findings with CXR surveillance studies is poor in patients with mild disease burdens from PCD or CF, and LU scores do not correlate with clinical outcomes in PCD.
Resistance to acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACCase)‐inhibiting herbicides in Lolium multiflorumLam. populations of Argentina
Authors: Depetris Mara B. , Muñiz Padilla Esteban , Ayala Fabián , Tuesca Daniel , Breccia Gabriela
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is one of the most troublesome grass weeds in Argentina. The extensive and repetitive use of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACCase)‐inhibiting herbicides has induced resistance in this weed species. The objectives of this study were to quantify the resistance levels to ACCase‐inhibiting herbicides in two resistant populations and to identify the target‐site mutations associated with their resistance.

RESULTS

Two resistant Italian ryegrass populations, Roldán and H2, were studied. Roldán was a suspected haloxyfop‐resistant population, located in a wheat field from Santa Fe province with a history of ACCase‐inhibiting herbicide use. The H2 population was obtained from the susceptible Hernandarias population (H0) after two cycles of selection with the herbicide quizalofop‐ethyl. Whole‐plant dose–response assays revealed that the resistant populations exhibited a high resistance to haloxyfop, with resistance factors (RF) exceeding 97‐fold. Additionally, both populations showed a moderate resistance to pinoxaden (RF > 7), while maintaining susceptibility to clethodim. Partial chloroplastic ACCase sequences revealed isoleucine‐to‐asparagine substitution at position 2041 (Ile‐2041‐Asn) in both resistant populations.

CONCLUSION

This work provides a better understanding of cross‐resistance to ACCase‐inhibiting herbicides in L. multiflorum populations and represents the first report of the target‐site mutation Ile‐2041‐Asn conferring resistance in populations from Argentina. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Population PK modeling of certolizumab pegol in pregnant women with chronic inflammatory diseases
Authors: Menshykau Denis , Sidhu Jagdev , Shaughnessy Laura , Lledo‐Garcia Rocio , Dua Pinky , Teil Marie , Khandelwal Akash
Published: September 2024

Certolizumab pegol (CZP; CIMZIA™) is the only Fc‐free tumor necrosis factor inhibitor with data from a clinical study demonstrating no to minimal placental transfer. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of certolizumab pegol during pregnancy and postpartum in women with chronic inflammatory diseases were assessed using a population PK model based on data from the CHERISH study (NCT04163016), a longitudinal, prospective, open‐label PK phase IB study. Model development was performed in NONMEM using a frequentist prior approach, with prior information based on a population PK model for certolizumab pegol in non‐pregnant adult patients (NCT04740814). A one‐compartment model with first‐order absorption (Ka = 0.236 1/day) and linear elimination (CL/F = 0.416 L/day) from the central compartment (V/F = 7.86 L) best described certolizumab pegol PK in the CHERISH study. The structural model parameters were estimated with good precision (RSE < 25%). Baseline BW was included as a covariate on CL/F and V/F. Pregnancy trimester and time‐varying log‐transformed anti‐drug antibody (ADA) titer were identified as the only significant covariates for CL/F with a comparable influence on CL/F. Individuals with higher ADA titer (75th percentile) during pregnancy exhibited CL/F up to 1.43‐fold higher relative to individuals postpartum that showed median levels of ADA titer. However, the confidence interval for the combined effect of pregnancy stage and ADA titer effects on CL/F overlapped with the CL/F range of the typical individual postpartum. In addition, simulations showed a large overlap in certolizumab pegol concentrations between pregnant and non‐pregnant adults. The findings of this population PK analysis support the maintenance of established certolizumab pegol dosing regimens throughout pregnancy.
Additively Manufactured Ceramics for Compact Quantum Technologies
Authors: Christ Marc , Zimmermann Conrad , Neinert Sascha , Leykauf Bastian , Döringshoff Klaus , Krutzik Markus
Published: September 2024

Quantum technologies are advancing from fundamental research in specialized laboratories to practical applications in the field, driving the demand for robust, scalable, and reproducible system integration techniques. Ceramic components can be pivotal thanks to high stiffness, low thermal expansion, and excellent dimensional stability under thermal stress. Lithography‐based additive manufacturing of technical ceramics is explored, especially for miniaturized physics packages and electro‐optical systems. This approach enables functional systems with precisely manufactured, intricate structures, and high mechanical stability while minimizing size and weight. It facilitates rapid prototyping, simplifies fabrication and leads to highly integrated, reliable devices. As an electrical insulator with low outgassing and high temperature stability, printed technical ceramics such as and AlN bridge a technology gap in quantum technology and offer advantages over other printable materials. This potential is demonstrated with CerAMRef, a micro‐integrated rubidium D2 line optical frequency reference on a printed micro‐optical bench and housing. The frequency instability of the reference is comparable to laboratory setups while the volume of the integrated spectroscopy setup is only . Potential for future applications is identified in compact atomic magnetometers, miniaturized optical atom traps, and vacuum system integration.
Efficient Arbitrated Quantum Digital Signature with Multi‐Receiver Verification
Authors: Xiong Siyu , Tang Bangying , Han Hui , Huang Jinquan , Bai Mingqiang , Li Fangzhao , Yu Wanrong , Mo Zhiwen , Liu Bo
Published: September 2024

Quantum digital signature is used to authenticate the identity of the signer with information theoretical security while providing non‐forgery and non‐repudiation services. In traditional multi‐receiver quantum digital signature schemes without an arbitrator, the transferability of one‐to‐one signature is always required to achieve unforgeability, with complicated implementation and heavy key consumption. In this article, an arbitrated quantum digital signature scheme is proposed, in which the signature can be verified by multiple receivers simultaneously, and meanwhile, the transferability of the signature is still kept. This scheme can be simplified performed to various quantum secure networks, due to the proposed efficient signature calculation procedure with low secure key consumption and low computation complexity, by employing one‐time universal hashing algorithm and a one‐time pad encryption scheme. The evaluation results show that this scheme uses at least two orders of magnitude less key than existing signature schemes with transferability when signing files of the same length with the same number of receivers and security parameter settings.
Selective Temperature Sensing in Nanodiamonds Using Dressed States
Authors: Beaver Nathaniel M. , Stevenson Paul
Published: September 2024

Temperature sensing at the nanoscale is a significant experimental challenge. Here, an approach using dressed states is reported to make a leading quantum sensor – the nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) center in diamond – selectively sensitive to temperature, even in the presence of normally confounding magnetic fields. Using an experimentally straightforward approach, the magnetic sensitivity of the NV center is suppressed by a factor of seven, while retaining full temperature sensitivity and narrowing the NV center linewidth. These results demonstrate the power of engineering the sensor Hamiltonian using external control fields to enable sensing with improved specificity to target signals.
Reaching millions: Water, substitute infrastructure, and the politics of scale in Kenya
Authors: Gedeon Achi Fiona
Published: September 2024

This article analyzes the politics of scale in global development by focusing on a sanitation program in western Kenya. It follows the daily work of a nongovernmental organization that seeks to provide access to chlorine dispensers to millions of people for the purpose of disinfecting water. By engaging with literatures on development and infrastructure, this article proposes reach as an analytic that jointly attends to the aspirations, labors, and uncertain outcomes embedded in scale work. An ethnography of reach emphasizes the temporality of off‐grid infrastructures to capture the ambivalent relationships between aspirations and results and between standardization and adaptation, as well as the unstable nature of care. This proves useful to theorizing expansion as potentially generative of, rather than only inimical to, the good life—thereby troubling the vision of scale making as replication often used to understand development projects and their consequences.
In Situ Construction of Bimetallic Selenides Heterogeneous Interface on Oxidation‐Stable Ti3C2Tx MXene Toward Lithium Storage with Ultrafast Charge Transfer Kinetics
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhao Shasha , Zhang Xiong , Xu Yanan , An Yabin , Li Chen , Yi Sha , Liu Cong , Wang Kai , Sun Xianzhong , Zhang Haitao , Ma Yanwei
Published: September 2024

Ti3C2Tx (MXene) is widely acknowledged as an excellent substrate for constructing heterogeneous structures with transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) for boosting the electrochemical performance of lithium‐ion storage. However, conventional synthesis strategies inevitably lead to poor electrochemical charge transfer due to Ti3C2Tx‐derived TiO2 at the heterogeneous interface between Ti3C2Tx and TMCs. Here, an innovative in situ selenization strategy is proposed to replace the originally generated TiO2 on Ti3C2Tx with metallic TiSe2 interphase, clearing the bottleneck of slow charge transfer barrier caused by MXene oxidation. The construction of bimetallic selenide formed by CoSe2 and TiSe2 generates intrinsic electric fields to guide the fast ion diffusion kinetics in a heterogeneous interface. Additionally, the CoSe2/TiSe2/Ti3C2Tx heterogeneous structure with enhanced structural stability and improved rate performance is confirmed by both experiments and theoretical calculations. The engineered heterogeneous structure exhibits an ultra‐high pseudocapacitance contribution (73.1% at 0.1 mV s−1), rendering it well‐suited to offset the kinetics differences between double‐layer materials. The assembled lithium‐ion capacitor based on CoSe2/TiSe2/Ti3C2Tx possesses a high energy density and an ultralong life span (89.5% after 10 000 times at 2 A g−1). This devised strategy provides a feasible solution for utilizing the performance advantages of MXene substrates in lithium storage with ultrafast charge transfer kinetics.
A Synergistically Regulated Cathode/Electrolyte Interphase With High Stability and Rapid Zn2+ Migration Toward Advanced Flexible Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ren Tiantian , Xu Ao , Chen Chunxia , Wang Yangyang , Zhang Yuhang , Wang Hui , Liu Xiaojie
Published: September 2024

Na3V2(PO4)3(NVP), as a representative sodium superionic conductor with a stable polyanion framework, is considered a cathode candidate for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries attributed to their high discharge platform and open 3D structure. Nevertheless, the structural stability of NVP and the cathode‐electrolyte interphase (CEI) layer formed on NVP can be deteriorated by the aqueous electrolyte to a certain extent, which will result in slow Zn2+ migration. To solve these problems, doping Si elements to NVP and adding sodium acetate (NaAc) to the electrolyte are utilized as a synergistic regulation route to enable a highly stable  CEI with rapid Zn2+ migration. In this regard, Ac− competitively takes part in the solvation structure of Zn2+ in aqueous electrolyte, weakening the interaction between water and Zn2+, and meanwhile a highly stable CEI is formed to avoid structural damage and enable rapid Zn2+ migration. The NVPS/C@rGO electrode exhibits a notable capacity of 115.5 mAh g−1 at a current density of 50 mA g−1 in the mixed electrolyte (3 M ZnOTF2+3 M NaAc). Eventually, a collapsible “sandwich” soft pack battery is designed and fabricated and can be used to power small fans and LEDs, which proves the practical application of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries in flexible batteries.
Synergistic Coordination in Cu Single‐Atom Catalysts Enhances High‐Valent Copper‐Oxo Species for Efficient PMS Activation
Authors: Shen Yi , Pan Yongliang , Zhu Chao , Zhang Haizhong , Wang Jun , Liu Renlan , Fang Qile , Song Shuang , Chen Baoliang
Published: September 2024

In the domain of heterogeneous catalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS), high‐valent metal‐oxo (HVMO) species are widely recognized as potent oxidants for the abatement of organic pollutants. However, the generation selectivity and efficiency of HVMO are often constrained by stringent requirements for catalyst adsorption sites and electron transfer efficiency. In this study, a single‐atom catalyst, CuSA/CNP&S, is synthesized featuring multiple types (planar/axial) of heteroatom coordination via an H‐bond‐assisted self‐assembly strategy. It is confirmed that CuN3 active centers with axial S coordination are uniformly distributed in a carbon matrix modified by planar P atoms. CuSA/CNP&S activated PMS to selectively generate Cu(III)═OH species as the primary reactive oxygen species (ROS). The pseudo‐first‐order kinetic rate for bisphenol A degradation reached 1.51 min−1, a 17.57‐fold increase compared to the unmodified CuSA/CN catalyst. Additionally, the CuSA/CNP&S catalyst demonstrates high efficiency and durability in removing contaminants from various aqueous matrices. Theoretical calculations and experimental results indicate that the intrinsic electric field generated by distal planar P atoms enhances electron transfer efficiency within the carbon matrix. Meanwhile, axial S coordination elevates the d‐band center and tunes the eg* band broadening of Cu, thereby enhancing the adsorption selectivity for the terminal oxygen of PMS. This multitype coordination synergistically mitigates the issues of low selectivity and yield of HVMO species.
E2E test execution optimization for web application based on state reuse
Authors: Zhao Ruilian , Zhang Shukai , Zhu Zhifan , Shang Ying , Wang Weiwei
Published: September 2024

End‐to‐end (E2E) testing is a commonly used technique for web application testing. Unlike traditional unit tests, E2E tests focus on test scenarios that target the entire business, which integrate and collaborate of various components and services to make the whole application work. As a result, one drawback of E2E tests is their longer execution time, seriously affecting testing efficiency of web applications. In order to speed up the execution of E2E tests for web applications, this paper proposes a test execution optimization approach based page state reuse. Through analyzing the common operations of E2E tests, a common prefix trees is constructed to organize the same operations among test scripts in a test suite of web applications. Under the guidance of the prefix tree, the optimal reusable state is identified and duplicated to maximize the utilization of page states triggered by the same operations, thereby reducing the overall execution time of the test suite. Besides, to realize page state reuse automatically, we design a browser process replication strategy, which implement querying the active page and duplicating the web page. To verify the effectiveness of our method, experiments and evaluations were conducted on 347 E2E tests from eight open‐source web applications, and the results showed that our approach reduced the E2E testing execution time for web applications by 52%–68%.
A Review on Suppressing Nonradiative Recombination Losses in Antimony Chalcogenide Thin‐Film Solar Cell
Authors: Liu Yike , Xu Shunjian , Luo Yongping , Chen Guojie , Chen Shuo , Zheng Zhuanghao , Liang Guangxing
Published: September 2024

Antimony chalcogenide solar cells have captured considerable attention in recent years with an efficiency of over 10%, due to their use of Earth‐abundant materials and superior physical characteristics. Despite these achievements, significant nonradiative recombination processes within these solar cells present a substantial obstacle to further efficiency improvements. Therefore, this review delves into the primary mechanisms responsible for nonradiative recombination losses in antimony chalcogenide solar cells. Additionally, the latest advancements in addressing these losses are summarized. Finally, potential directions for future research efforts aimed at reducing nonrecombination losses and enhancing the overall performance of these devices are outlined.
Fatty Acid–Based pH‐Switchable Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Extraction and Preconcentration of Chlorobenzenes From Water Samples Followed by Gas Chromatography–Electron Capture Detection
Authors: Ataee Mari , Ahmadi Jouybari Touraj , Ahmadi Jouybari Hadi , Hosseini Fatemeh , Fattahi Nazir
Published: September 2024

An easy, safe, simple, and efficient pH‐switchable hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (DES)‐based liquid‐phase microextraction was developed for the extraction of chlorobenzenes (CBs) from water samples followed by a gas chromatography–electron capture detector (GC–ECD). The switchability of the synthesized DESs was tested by changing the pH. The DES synthesized from thymol:octanoic acid (OA) in a molar ratio of 2:1 had the highest efficiency in extracting CBs from water samples. 1,4‐Dibromobenzene was used as internal standard (IS). The optimal conditions were established to be 20.0 µL of thymol:OA (2:1), 100 µL of 5 mol L−1 KOH, 100 µL of 5 mol L−1 HCl, 60 s of extraction time, and without salt addition. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration graphs were linear in the range of 0.005–150 µg L−1, and limits of detection were in the range of 0.001–0.03 µg L−1. The relative standard deviations, including intraday and inter‐day for 5.0 µg L−1 of dichlorobenzene isomers, 2.0 µg L−1 of trichlorobenzene and tetrachlorobenzene isomers, and 0.50 µg L−1 of pentachlorobenzene and hexachlorobenzene isomers in water with using IS, were in the range of 0.6%–3.2% (n = 7) and 3.8%–6.7% (n = 7), respectively. The accuracies, including inter‐day and intraday, were in the range of 93.5%–106.3% and 91.7%–109.4%, respectively.