bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nouveaux espaces numériques du dessin
Authors: Clérisse Alexandre
Published: March 2018

Alexandre Clérisse propose ici une explication du processus du dessin sous Illustrator, un logiciel vectoriel qui permet une composition intégrale de la case, de la planche et de l’album par ordinateur. Ceci n’interdit pas, en amont, un dialogue avec le dessin traditionnel au profit d’une très grande variété de formes, d’une gamme complexe de signes graphiques et d’une remarquable liberté de création.
Du document de genèse à la genèse d’un genre
Authors: Hébert Sophie
Published: March 2018

Le carnet d’écrivain, au xxe siècle, semble être l’objet d’une mutation radicale née de la confluence fortuite de nombreuses tendances théoriques, génériques comme génétiques. En effet, au fil des publications, fruits de choix auctoriaux ou éditoriaux, le carnet passe du statut de document de genèse, premier mais secondaire, à celui de genre émergent, marginal mais digne d’intérêt, jouant avec la fixité des jalons théoriques, cherchant à libérer le texte autant que l’auteur du carcan des catégories. Par la pratique scripturale qu’il favorise, par l’image de la littérature qu’il véhicule, par la posture auctoriale qu’il facilite, le carnet au xxe siècle se construit, ouvertement, en opposition avec le genre diariste, développant des imaginaires spécifiques, aux incidences textuelles autant que sociopoétiques évidentes.
Transformation and Upgrade of the Optical Fiber Industry in China
Authors: Huimin Ma , Dai Xin , Yin Changqin , Wang Ke , Huang Han , Xu Lu , Xiong Jie , Zhang Jinlong , Gong Yeming
Published: March 2018

This chapter describes the development stage of China's optical fiber manufacturing industry, and then analyses the Yangtze Optical Fibre and Cable Joint Stock Limited Company (YOFC) development stage. According to YOFC case, the authors show that continuous learning and absorption, proprietary R&D and product innovation, good use of every opportunity and favorable development policy, talent reserve and intelligence support, active transformation by sizing up the situation, independent operation, and elimination of monopolization are the implications of transformation and upgrade of the optical fiber industry.
Industry 4.0 From the Systems Engineering Perspective
Authors: Bureš Vladimír
Published: March 2018

Systems engineering focuses on design, development, and implementation of complex systems. Not only does the Industry 4.0 concept consist of various technical components that need to be properly set and interconnected, but it is also tied to various managerial aspects. Thus, systems engineering approach can be used for its successful deployment. Overemphasis of technological aspects of Industry 4.0 represents the main starting point of this chapter. Then, collocation analysis, word clusters identification, selection and exemplification of selected domain in the business management realm, and frequency analysis are used in order to develop a holistic framework of Industry 4.0. This framework comprises six levels – physical, activity, outcome, content, triggers, and context. Moreover, the information and control level is integrated. The new holistic framework helps to consider Industry 4.0 from the complex systems engineering perspective – design and deployment of a complex system with required parameters and functionality.
A Meshfree-Based Lattice Boltzmann Approach for Simulation of Fluid Flows Within Complex Geometries
Authors: Tanwar Sonam
Published: March 2018

This chapter develops a meshless formulation of lattice Boltzmann method for simulation of fluid flows within complex and irregular geometries. The meshless feature of proposed technique will improve the accuracy of standard lattice Boltzmann method within complicated fluid domains. Discretization of such domains itself may introduce significant numerical errors into the solution. Specifically, in phase transition or moving boundary problems, discretization of the domain is a time-consuming and complex process. In these problems, at each time step, the computational domain may change its shape and need to be re-meshed accordingly for the purpose of accuracy and stability of the solution. The author proposes to combine lattice Boltzmann method with a Galerkin meshfree technique popularly known as element-free Galerkin method in this chapter to remove the difficulties associated with traditional grid-based methods.
Lattice Boltzmann Shallow Water Simulation With Surface Pressure
Authors: Zabala Iñaki , Blanco Jesús M.
Published: March 2018

Shallow water conditions are produced in coastal and river areas and allow the simplification of fluid solving by integrating in height to the fluid equations, discarding vertical flow so a 3D problem is solved with a set of 2D equations. Usually the boundary conditions defined by the surface pressure are discarded, as it is considered that the difference in atmospheric pressure in simulation domain is irrelevant in most hydraulic and coastal engineering scenarios. However, anticyclones and depressions produce noticeable pressure gradients that may affect the consequences of phenomena like tides and tsunamis. This chapter demonstrates how to remove this weakness from the LBM-SW by incorporating pressure into the LBM for this kind of scenario in a consistent manner. Other small-scale effects like buoyancy may be solved using this approach.
PCG-Based Biometrics
Authors: Meitei Takhellambam Gautam , Singh Sinam Ajitkumar , Majumder Swanirbhar
Published: March 2018

These days the wide usage of data has opened security vulnerabilities everywhere. This has led to research in the biometrics area for improving security. Presently with wide development of technology different forms of biometrics are being used in various applications. Thus, fingerprint and face are no longer the only ones being used in this field. The authors have concentrated on PCG as a biometric in this chapter. A very few sources are available in this area deeming it to be nascent. Recent proposals were examined, and it was observed that PCG reduces the risks of vulnerability faced by other biometric system. A simple biometric system would consist of steps like preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, and comparison or matching phase. In this chapter, some pre-processing steps as implemented by various authors using wavelets and other feature extraction techniques, implemented for the PCG biometric system by various researchers, are reviewed. Later, in the matching phase, Euclidean distance, GMM, FSR, VQ method are examined.
Early Detection of Breast Cancer Using Image Processing Techniques
Authors: S. Amutha , R. Ramesh Babu D.
Published: March 2018

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death among women according to Cancer Facts and Figures. In order to increase the survival rate of women due to breast cancer, early and accurate detection of breast cancer is very essential. The quality of the image acquired through different breast imaging modalities: mammography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have drawbacks which reduces the efficiency of accurate detection. As per the literature survey, the quality of the image acquired through the breast imaging modalities is not optimal for the accurate detection of cancer at the early stage. Digital image enhancement methods have been widely used in radiology in order to enhance the image quality. Considerable research has been undertaken in the development of enhancement of the image to assist radiologists in the identification of breast abnormalities. In order to further improve the efficiency of detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer, the quality of the image has to be improved.
A Hybrid Watermarking Technique for Copyright Protection of Medical Signals in Teleradiology
Authors: Thanki Rohit M. , Borra Surekha , Borisagar Komal R.
Published: March 2018

Today, an individual's health is being monitored for diagnosis and treatment of diseases upon analyzing various medical data such as images and signals. Modifications of this medical data when it is transferred over an open communication channel or network leads to deviations in diagnosis and creates a serious health issue for any individual. Digital watermarking techniques are one of the solutions for providing protection to multimedia contents. This chapter gives requirements and various techniques for the security of medical data using watermarking. This chapter also demonstrates a novel hybrid watermarking technique based on fast discrete curvelet transform (FDCuT), redundant discrete wavelet transform (RDWT), and discrete cosine transform (DCT). This watermarking technique can be used for securing medical various types of medical images and ECG signals over an open communication channel.
Classification Systems for Trigeminal Neuralgia and Quantification of Facial Pain
Authors: Brandel Michael G. , Porras Kevin , Steinberg Jeffrey A. , Rennert Robert C. , Wali Arvin R. , Santiago-Dieppa David R. , Cheung Vincent J. , Hirshman Brian R. , Pannell Jeffrey Scott , Alksne John F. , Khalessi Alexander A.
Published: March 2018

Trigeminal neuralgia is a rare syndrome classically described as brief paroxysms of severe, lancinating facial pain along a unilateral trigeminal nerve distribution. Numerous clinical presentations of trigeminal neuralgia exist, with various distinct etiologies. Several classification schemes have been designed for clinical and research purposes. However, varying terminology and inconsistent utilization of these systems can lead to diagnostic confusion and ungeneralizable research findings. Similarly, multiple pain scales have been used for trigeminal neuralgia with differing degrees of granularity, validity, and reliability. This chapter provides an overview of the commonly used classification systems and pain scales in the context of their evolution and utilization. Furthermore, the authors provide recommendations for application of these systems to clinical and research practice.
Glycerol Rhizotomy as a Treatment Modality for Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Dru Alexander B. , Zaidi Hasan A. , Shetter Andrew G.
Published: March 2018

In this chapter, the authors discuss the use of glycerol rhizotomy (GR) as a treatment modality for trigeminal neuralgia. GR was first described by Håkanson and has been used for more than 40 years as a minimally invasive, safe option for the management of facial pain. Here, the authors discuss the history behind the discovery of GR, relevant biochemical mechanisms of neurolysis, indications, a step-by-step procedural outline for GR and intraoperative cisternography, potential side effects, efficacy of treatment, and new applications for the imaging technique. GR has stood the test of time in neurosurgery, and this chapter demonstrates its utility in patients who are poor surgical candidates for microvascular decompression and for whom medical treatment has failed to manage their intractable pain.
Pain Psychiatry of Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Kim Lily H. , Schneider Michael Bret
Published: March 2018

In addition to the repeated episodes of paroxysmal, electrical facial pain classically associated with the disease, many patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) suffer from severe emotional distress. At present, there is no universally agreed pathophysiological explanation for the high incidence of depression and anxiety within this patient population. Despite the unclear understanding, the psychiatric comorbidities should be addressed as a part of comprehensive, multi-modal approach. Anticonvulsants or serotonin and norepineprhine reuptake inhibitors are viable pharmacological options that can supplement the currently used carbamazepine therapy. For medically refractory cases, surgical interventions are being suggested as effective alternatives in managing both the pain and the psychiatric complaints of TN. Examples include microvascular decompression, stereotactic radiosurgery, and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Continued research to understand TN should take into account the psychiatric burden in this population in order to promote a holistic treatment approach.
Integrating Tagging Software in Web Application
Authors: Gupta Karan , Goel Anita
Published: March 2018

Tag software is included in web applications to facilitate categorization and classification of information. Generally, freely available tag software is adapted or new code written to incorporate tagging. However, there is an absence of requirement and design document for tagging, even academically. It becomes difficult to know the features that can be included in tag software; also, not all features may be required. This chapter presents a framework for integration of tag software in web applications. The framework has four components corresponding to phases of the software development lifecycle. For requirement, a weighted requirement checklist is presented to ease requirement selection. A metric, software estimation, is defined for quantifying selected requirement. A logical design defined for design phase displays interaction of entities with users. For development, best mechanisms are suggested to web applications. Software engineering artefacts are provided to help during testing. A case study is presented where estimation and design is applied to freely available tag software.
Proposition of a New Ontology-Based P2P System for Semantic Integration of Heterogeneous Data Sources
Authors: Ougouti Naïma Souâd , Belbachir Hafida , Amghar Youssef
Published: March 2018

Semantic web offers new opportunities to multi-sources integration field, and many approaches like P2P systems are revisited taking into account the new requirements. In this chapter, the authors present their P2P heterogeneous and distributed data integration system. It is a super-peer system, where peers are regrouped by type of data (relational, image, text, etc.) around a super-peer which contains a domain ontology. Peers data sources are exported in a common format in the form of a semantically rich ontology. Schemas reconciliation is done by matching domain and local ontologies by the use of a similarity function whose contribution is based on the direct and indirect semantic neighborhood. Queries are described using ontologies, then routed towards relevant peers thanks to a semantic topology built on top of the existing physical one.
Supporting Structural Evolution of Data in Web-Based Systems via Schema Versioning in the tXSchema Framework
Authors: Brahmia Zouhaier , Grandi Fabio , Oliboni Barbara , Bouaziz Rafik
Published: March 2018

τXSchema is a framework for creating and validating temporal XML documents, while using a temporal schema that consists of three components: a conventional XML schema document annotated with a set of temporal logical and physical annotations. Each one of these components can evolve over time to reflect changes in the real world. In addition, schema versioning has been long advocated to be the most efficient way to keep track of both data and schema evolution. Hence, in this chapter the authors complete τXSchema, which is predisposed from the origin to support schema versioning, by defining the operations that are necessary to exploit such a feature and make schema versioning functionalities available to end users. Precisely, the authors' approach provides a complete and sound set of change primitives and a set of high-level change operations, for the maintenance of each component of a τXSchema schema, and defines their operational semantics. Furthermore, they propose a new technique for schema versioning in τXSchema, allowing a complete, integrated, and safe management of schema changes.
Measurable and Behavioral Non-Functional Requirements in Web Service Composition
Authors: El Kassmi Ilyass , Jarir Zahi
Published: March 2018

Handling non-functional requirements (NFRs) in web service composition has gained increasing attention in the literature. However, this challenge is still open, despite the efforts of the scientific community, due to its complexity. This complexity starts from the fact that NFRs can represent structural constraints, QoS attributes, temporal constraints, or behavioral attributes. Therefore, this characterization makes the task of web service composition lifecycle (e.g., specification, verification, integration, etc.) increasingly complicated. Therefore, this chapter investigates this point of view and suggests a complete approach supporting specification, formalization, validation, and code generation of desired composite web service. This approach has the advantage to tackle with quantifiable (i.e., measurable) and behavioral NFRs, and provide a support for composing NFRs with FRs using seamless weaving.
A Novel Method for Calculating Customer Reviews Ratings
Authors: Vourgidis Ioannis S. , Carter Jenny , Maglaras Leandros , Janicke Helge , Folia Zoe , Fragkou Pavlina
Published: March 2018

The number of consumers consulting online reviews in order to purchase a product or service, keeps growing. In addition to that, consumers can add an online review in order to express their experience upon the services or products received. This iterative process makes reviews matter regarding consumer's purchase decision. Apart from reviews, consumers are welcomed to provide numerical ratings for the product or services they bought. If a hotel is exposed to an online hotel review site, then it very possible to improve the possibility of a consumer to consider booking a room in this hotel. According to this chapter, regardless of positive or negative reviews, hotel awareness is enhanced. Online reviews significantly improve hotel awareness for lesser-known hotels than for well-known hotels.
A Holistic Professional Development Model
Authors: Golden Julie Ellen , Brown Victoria
Published: March 2018

Institutions struggle to develop online curriculum that meets increasing student demands for online education. The explosive growth of online learning necessitates that many higher education faculty transition from a traditional classroom to a web-based format, sometimes with little or no training. This chapter describes a holistic online faculty professional development (PD) model developed through use of a concerns-based adoption model (CBAM). The CBAM model provides an affective and behavioral lens for managing change. Through two of CBAM's components called stages of concern and levels of use, a PD plan was constructed that approaches the transition to distance learning as an ongoing process rather than simply as technology training. The holistic PD model considers each faculty member as an individual with unique needs. Components of the PD model and new Center for E-Learning (CeL) development and program building are explained. Impact on faculty and students and recommendations for program planning and future research are included.
Building Quality Online Courses
Authors: Outlaw Veronica , Rice Margaret L. , Wright Vivian H.
Published: March 2018

The authors have personally experienced the burdens of creating online courses without the assistance of trained instructional designers. Many faculty are employed in conditions where they develop online courses without the proper knowledge and training of many essential aspects that should accompany the development of an online course (e.g., design, development, learning styles, copyright, design principles, accessibility, incorporating technology, and technical skills) (Singleton et al., 2013; Speck, 2000; Wickersham et al., 2007). The authors propose and describe the use of a detailed online course development and delivery model (Outlaw & Rice, 2015) that was created to provide distance education units with a systematic approach to course development. The proposed model nourishes the partnerships between faculty and designers to improve the quality of online courses, while providing the support faculty need to successfully create online courses. The authors discuss a model that provides consistency in efforts to create efficient workflows to develop online courses.
Learning Mathematics and Technology Through Inquiry, Cooperation, and Communication
Authors: Flores Alfinio , Park Jungeun , Bernhardt Stephen A.
Published: March 2018

This chapter describes an empirical study aimed to design, implement, and refine a learning trajectory for developing future mathematics teachers' Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). The learning trajectory is set in an instructional context where mathematics and technology are learned through inquiry, cooperation, communication, and modeling early in the teacher preparation program with the intent to establish a classroom model of instruction. The chapter focuses on preservice teachers' learning in two dimensions of TPACK. One dimension is the extension of preservice teachers knowledge to each one of the four principal components of TPACK: Overarching conceptions, Students understanding and thinking, Curriculum and curricular materials, and Instructional strategies and representations for teaching. The second dimension is along preservice teachers' progression in the five levels of adoption of technology: Recognizing, Accepting, Adapting, Exploring, and Extending. The learning trajectory is based on research and theory for learning mathematics in a meaningful way.
Predictors of Instructional Strategy Use of Faculty in Career and Technical Education Programs
Authors: Fletcher Jr. Edward C. , Djajalaksana Yenni
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this research study was to identify potential signature pedagogies in the field of CTE as well as specific disciplines within CTE, and to explain instructional strategy use by faculty's demographic characteristics, course delivery modes, and academic discipline. Based on a national survey of CTE faculty teaching at the postsecondary level, this study found faculty which teach in family and consumer sciences education are significantly more likely to use authentic reflective assessments; Engineering and technology education faculty are significantly more likely to implement knowledge acquisition activities; career and workforce education faculty are significantly more likely to infuse online activities in their courses; and business and/or marketing education faculty are significantly more likely to integrate research, group and discussion-based, knowledge acquisition, and online activities. Findings point to a need for faculty to continue considering alternatives pedagogies which create more engaged courses and maximize student learning.
STEM Teaching and Learning via Technology-Enhanced Inquiry
Authors: Connell Michael L. , Abramovich Sergei
Published: March 2018

This chapter aims to address several limitations of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) – a theoretical model used in the application of technology when teaching STEM disciplines. To this end, a supplement to TPACK drawn from the Action on Objects (AO) framework (Connell, 2001) is suggested. To illustrate the value of the proposed enhancement of TPACK, an example integrating science, technology, and mathematics is provided. The Texas College and Career Readiness Standards are used to demonstrate the relationship between the proposed theoretical modification of the leading model and the current teaching practice involving such scientific activities as measuring, record keeping, analyzing, conjecturing and evaluating. Additional suggestions and applications of the TPACK/AO model are provided.
Exploring the Development of Pre-Service Teachers' ICT-TPACK Using a Cognitive Stimulation Tool
Authors: Jang Syh-Jong , Tsai Meng-Fang
Published: March 2018

Self-regulated learning (SRL) skills and Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) are important issues in current educational studies. Most of SRL studies have highlighted the relationship between self-regulation and academic performances. However, few existing research on the aspect of SRL is seldom applied to the research on TPACK of pre-service teachers. The purpose of this paper was to examine pre-service teachers' development of TPACK with appropriate Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) using cognitive stimulation tool (CST). Pre-service teachers self-rated their ICT-TPACK at two time points, and the statistical analysis indicated significant difference. The analysis of qualitative data showed that pre-service teachers used cognitive regulation strategies to develop their understanding and application skills on ICT-TPACK and were able to use reflective practices to demonstrate their understanding of TPACK at the end of the semester. The research implications of this study and TPACK instrument development are provided along with suggestions.
The Writing on My Wall
Authors: Renner Jasmine , Click Ivy
Published: March 2018

College professors and students are increasingly relying on social networking sites to make connections. With this new technology, questions about the lines of what is private and what is public have become blurry and misunderstood. Faculty find themselves involved in situations that are less than desirable and pose First Amendment concerns. A review of literature was conducted using a basic framework for analyzing free speech rights of college professors. A sampling of recent administrative decisions where college professors were reprimanded for online postings considered inappropriate by university authorities was also discussed. A content analysis of information posted to 85 faculty members' Facebook walls was conducted. Results indicate that faculty members' posts were a combination of private and public concern. Implications of privacy rights for college professors on social networking sites and whether they fit within the purview of the freedom of speech First Amendment constitutional rights are considered.
Digital Storytelling and Its Tools for Language Teaching
Authors: Aşık Asuman
Published: March 2018

This paper presents the analysis of the self-reported reflections of pre-service English teachers about the use of digital storytelling and its tools in terms of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge. Through the reflection reports of 78 pre-service English teachers and a focus-group interview after implementing a digital storytelling project, the present study investigated the perceptions and reflections of pre-service English teachers regarding the use of digital storytelling to teach English to young learners. The data were analysed through mixed (qualitative and quantitative) methods. The results revealed that pre-service English teachers reflected positive perceptions towards to the use of digital storytelling. Their reflections are significant in terms of the tools to be used for digital storytelling, the viewpoints regarding young learners and the improvement in their Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge. The findings should be of interest to teacher education programs in supporting pre-service teachers to integrate technology into language classrooms.
E-LearningFacultyModules.org
Authors: McHaney Roger , Spire Lynda , Boggs Rosemary
Published: March 2018

A team at Kansas State University recently launched the E-Learning Faculty Modules wiki to enhance and support online faculty development. This project is customized for teaching in the Kansas State University distance-learning program but contains a broad set of information that might be useful to others. This site is constructed using wiki technology, which permits access, multimedia expressiveness, remote collaboration, tracking, and reversibility of postings. Other tools on the site are derived from MediaWiki and its open-source capabilities. The wiki includes an overall ontology, templates, categories, completed and seeded entries, input boxes, and menus that ensure users can easily use and join the community. Taken holistically, these attributes create an ideal venue for sharing ideas and encouraging synergistic improvement of teaching practices. This chapter describes the implementation process of E-LearningFacultyModules.org and gives insight into its purpose, features, and uses.
Community College Perceptions of Online Education
Authors: Taylor III Robert Lee
Published: March 2018

When a college's faculty, staff, or students perceive distance learning negatively, the implementation of distance learning can be adversely affected. This chapter addresses the perceptions of community college educators regarding the increased frequency of distance learning at their institution. It explores the current literature on distance education. Key components such as instructor skepticism, ethics, faculty development, and evaluation methods are the crux of the information. Research has been conducted in many different areas and about many different perceptions and points which are examined.
Parochial School Teachers Instructional Use of the Interactive Whiteboard
Authors: Powers Jillian R.
Published: March 2018

This chapter presents findings from a study that utilized Davis' (1989) Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to investigate K-8 teachers' instructional usage of the interactive whiteboard (IWB). Through surveying 145 teachers and 40 administrators of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod schools, the researcher used multiple regression and moderator analyses to examine whether the TAM model helped explain teachers' reported teacher-centered and student-centered instructional IWB use. The results of the study indicated two variables adapted from the TAM, teachers' perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) of the IWB, contributed to the prediction of teacher-centered instructional usage, and PU contributed to the prediction of student-centered instructional usage. Moderator analysis indicated the variable for teachers' technological pedagogical content knowledge of the IWB moderated the relationships between PEOU of the IWB and each teacher and student-centered instructional usage, as well as between PU of the IWB and teacher-centered instructional usage.
How to Thrive in the Changing Landscape of Teacher Education
Authors: Pinter Holly Henderson , Winter Kim K. , Watson Myra K.
Published: March 2018

This chapter explores a number of issues for consideration when adopting and implementing edTPA as a summative performance-based assessment of preservice teacher candidate tasks. This chapter aims to offer guidance and support for programs in the beginning stages of implementation of edTPA. Each of the considerations includes a vignette from personal experiences at a regional comprehensive university in the southeast. Issues discussed include timeline for implementation, buy-in, decision-making processes, professional development and training, mapping, and next steps. The vignettes detail particular issues or concerns and include faculty, staff, and/or teacher candidates. Data used to develop the vignettes was collected via interviews, surveys, and reflections.
International Faculty Development in U.S. Higher Education
Authors: Lee Tony , Lim Doo Hun
Published: March 2018

The growth of international graduates in U.S. higher education institutions has prompted an increase of international faculty in U.S. higher education institutions especially in the field of science and engineering. International faculty play important roles and impacts many aspects of teaching, research, and globalization in U.S. institutions. Despite their success in teaching, research, and contribution toward globalization, many international faculty are dissatisfied with their job compared to the U.S.-born faculty. This chapter provides a review of the common issues that international faculty face in U.S. higher education institutions. In addition, the authors provide recommendations of the types of support systems that institutional administrators can implement to support their international faculty members.
Context and Teaching With Technology in the Digital Age
Authors: Rosenberg Joshua M. , Koehler Matthew J.
Published: March 2018

Context is an essential aspect of educational research. In this chapter, the authors discuss how context has been avoided or has referred to different constructs among educational technology research, especially among research on the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework. The authors discuss the descriptive, inferential, and practical implications of the framework for the context of teachers' TPACK advanced by Porras-Hernández and Salinas-Amescua (2013). Then, they exemplify the power of this framework by using it to guide a descriptive study conducted to determine the extent to which the publications included context. They also describe what researchers meant by context as understood through the framework for context. The authors found that context was important but often missing from research about TPACK and that the meaning of context has differed widely. They discuss these findings in relation to the TPACK literature as well as for educational technology research.
Department Chair Perspectives About Contingent Faculty in Higher Education
Authors: Timmerman Lorna C. , Mulvihill Thalia M.
Published: March 2018

This chapter examined the increasing reliance on contingent faculty in U.S. higher education as an administrative problem ripe for continued investigation. The specific purpose of this inquiry was to gain a better understanding of the impact of employing contingent faculty from the viewpoint of a departmental chair of a medium-sized Midwestern research university who routinely hired many contingent faculty. Within the context of these interviews, the chair discussed various aspects of his leadership style, his experiences and responsibilities in the job, his organizational philosophies, his departmental vision and his concerns related to the changing landscape of higher education. As Bolman and Deal's (2003) four-frames model suggests, effective leaders draw from all four frames to make the best decisions and to come to the most productive solutions. The results of this examination revealed this leader's propensity for leading with the human resource frame and then blending in the remaining frames when thinking and acting on issues related to contingent faculty.
Diverse Student Scholars
Authors: Sims Jeanetta D. , Shuff Jalea , Lai Hung-Lin , Lim Oon Feng , Neese Ashley , Neese Sarah , Sims Atoya
Published: March 2018

With student co-authors, this book chapter shares the impetus, background, origin, and sources of institutional support for Diverse Student Scholars, which is a predominantly undergraduate, interdisciplinary research program created and founded by the first faculty author. Along with offering student involvement details on the Diverse Student Scholars program, the relevance of institution-mission fit for undergraduate research is discussed. The authors summarize the Diverse Student Scholars program impact and connect student undergraduate research engagement with the potential for advancing workforce diversity competencies.
Faculty Participation in Online Higher Education
Authors: Hoffman Michael S.
Published: March 2018

In the past decade, enrollments in distance education, and specifically online education, have grown dramatically in the United States. According to the 2009 Sloan Report (), enrollments in online courses increased from 9.6% of total postsecondary enrollments in 2002 to 25.3% in 2009. Unfortunately, a number of barriers exist that may result in an inability of higher education institutions to provide quality online education programming in sufficient scale to meet the expected student demand. The Managing Online Education report () identifies the resistance of faculty towards teaching in an online environment as foremost among ten factors that “impede institutional efforts to expand online education programs” (p. 1). An understanding of the factors that both motivate and discourage faculty member participation in online education programs is critical if institutions are to leverage their existing faculty to meet the current and future demand for online education. This case study first presents a number of motivating and inhibiting factors and then discusses how St. Bonaventure University leveraged these factors in an attempt to boost faculty participation in online education.
What Counts as Quality Teaching?
Authors: Hulme Moira
Published: March 2018

The professional development of teachers has attracted much critical attention in each of the four nations of the United Kingdom since 2010. This chapter offers a ‘home international' comparison of policies to support the initial qualification and continuing education of teachers in the period following political devolution. A rationale is offered for cross-national comparison in this small and closely linked system. A comparison is offered of routes into teaching and the teachers' Standards in order to explicate divergent models of professionalism. By comparing policies across the Anglo-Celtic isles debate on the distinctive contribution of higher education to professional learning is enabled. Tensions are acknowledged within a policy ensemble that seeks to promote research excellence and teacher development.
Reconceptualising Cyber Security
Authors: Liaropoulos Andrew N.
Published: March 2018

The cyber security discourse is dominated by states and corporations that focus on the protection of critical information infrastructure and databases. The priority is the security of information systems and networks, rather than the protection of connected users. The dominance of war metaphors in the cyber security debates has produced a security dilemma, which is not sufficiently addressing the needs of people. This article underlines this shortcoming and views cyber security through a human-centric perspective. Freedom of expression and the right to privacy are under attack in the era of cyber surveillance. From a human-centric perspective such rights should be understood as a critical part of cyber security. Human rights protections need to be effectively addressed in the digital sphere and gain their place in the cyber security agendas.
Cyber Security Education and Research in the Finland's Universities and Universities of Applied Sciences
Authors: Lehto Martti
Published: March 2018

The revolution in information technology that began in the 1990s has been transforming Finland into an information society. Imaginative data processing and utilization, arising from the needs of citizens and the business community, are some of the most important elements in a thriving society. Information and know-how have become key ‘commodities' in society, and they can be utilized all the more efficiently through information technology. For all nations, the information technology revolution quietly changed the way business and government operate, as well as the daily life of citizens. Our daily life, fundamental rights, social interactions and economies depend on information and communication technology working seamlessly. An open and free cyberspace has promoted political and social inclusion worldwide; it has broken down barriers between countries, communities and citizens, allowing interaction and sharing of information and ideas across the globe. Individuals, public and private organizations alike depend on the cyber world. From the citizens using social media, to banks growing their business, to law enforcement supporting national security – every sector of the society is increasingly dependent upon technology and networked systems. While the public sector, the economy and the business community as well as citizens benefit from globally networked services, the digital IT society contains inherent vulnerabilities which may generate security risks to citizens, the business community or the vital functions of society. Without sufficient awareness of the risks in cyber world, however, behavioral decisions and unseen threats can negatively impact the security of the critical infrastructure and can cause physical damage in the real world. On an individual level, what is at stake is the vulnerability of each individual user in cyber world. As the world grows more connected through cyber world, a highly skilled cyber security workforce is required to secure, protect, and defend national critical information infrastructure. Across the private and public sector organizations are looking for well-trained professionals to assess, design, develop, and implement cyber security solutions and strategies. While the demand for cyber security professionals is high, the supply is low. Meeting the growing demand for cyber security professionals begins in the education system. The most efficient custom to increase cyber security is the improvement of the know-how. The cyber security strategies and development plans require the improvement of the know-how of the citizens and actors of the economic life and public administration. Pursuant to Finland's Cyber Security Strategy (2013) “the implementation of cyber security R&D and education at different levels does not only strengthen national expertise, it also bolsters Finland as an information society.” In this article are analyzed the cyber security research and education which is offered in Finland's universities and universities of applied sciences.
Visual Cryptography for Securing Images in Cloud
Authors: P. Punithavathi , Subbiah Geetha
Published: March 2018

Images are becoming an inevitable part of knowledge in the modern day society. As data is growing at a rapid rate, costs involved in storing and maintaining data is also raising rapidly. The best alternate solution to reduce the storage cost is outsourcing all the data to the cloud. To ensure confidentiality and integrity of the data, a security technique has to be provided to the data even before it is stored on the cloud using cryptography. An attempt is made to explore the possibility of usage of visual cryptography for providing robust security to the secret image. Visual cryptography proves to be more efficient than other cryptography techniques because it is simple and does not require any key management technique.
Security Challenges for Cloud Computing Development Framework in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mohammed Lawan A. , Munir Kashif
Published: March 2018

In recent years, cloud computing or on-demand computing technologies and applications have become ubiquitous, permeating every aspect of our personal and professional lives. Governments and enterprises are now adopting cloud technologies for numerous applications to increase their operational efficiency, improve their responsiveness and competitiveness. For these reasons, the requirements for developing cloud applications have increased. Despite having many advantages for IT organizations, cloud has some issues that must be consider during its deployment. The main concerns are security, privacy and trust. These issues arise during the deployment of mostly public cloud infrastructure. In this chapter, security, privacy and trust issues of cloud computing deployment in Saudi Arabia were identified and the solutions to overcome these problems were discussed.
Towards a Model of Social Media Impacts on Cybersecurity Knowledge Transfer
Authors: Patnayakuni Nainika , Patnayakuni Ravi , Gupta Jatinder N. D.
Published: March 2018

Technical solutions to security have been suggested but found lacking and it has been recognized that security is a people issue as well, and behavioral research on information security is critical. Individual learning about cybersecurity is not formal and linear, but complex and network based. In this paper we develop a model of how social media characteristics impact cybersecurity knowledge transfer using technology threat avoidance theory. In developing the conceptual model we seek to answer the following questions. How do users discover cybersecurity knowledge on social media platforms? What are the platform and interaction characteristics that enable them to find cybersecurity knowledge and share this knowledge with others? In doing so we consider the impact of the threat and protection context on cybersecurity knowledge transfer which is different from knowledge transfer in the other contexts.
Exploring Information Security Governance in Cloud Computing Organisation
Authors: Gangwar Hemlata , Date Hema
Published: March 2018

The paper reveals factors impacting information security governance within the cloud computing technology implementation in organizations. Case study methodology was used and 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted with directors and information security professionals from 5 different types of organizations. The main component that were identified as playing a significant role in information security governance were: information security strategy, security policies and procedure, risk management and assessment program, compliance and standard, monitoring and auditing, business continuity and disaster recovery, asset management and access control and identity management. The results show that awareness through education and training of employees needs to be given very particular attention in cloud computing security. The paper does not include any end-user perspective in interviews and this end-user context is missing. Companies need to focus upon awareness through education and training of employees. Moreover, management and employee support is the critical component of the effective information security governance framework implementation. Also, organisations should develop their information security using a very precise and detailed planning process that ensures the right cloud computing acceptance by the users. The proposed information security governance framework offers organisations a holistic perspective for governing information security, and minimizes risk and cultivates an acceptable level of information security culture.
Cyber Terrorism Taxonomies
Authors: Al Mazari Ali , Anjariny Ahmed H. , Habib Shakeel A. , Nyakwende Emmanuel
Published: March 2018

The aim of this paper is to identify common features in: the definition of cyber terrorism, cyber terrorism targets, cyber terrorism crimes and then develop effective mitigation strategies and countermeasures to tackle this phenomenon. Through rigorous analysis of literature covering academic articles and official reports, we develop cyber terrorism definition taxonomy which includes five elements: target, motive, means, effect and intention; cyber terrorism targets taxonomy identified from the following target areas: military forces, government cyber and physical infrastructures, critical national infrastructures, social and national identity, and private industry and entities. The cyber terrorism risk factors are classified into main five categories: national security, financial, social and cultural, operational disruption and physical destructions risks. The following identified patterns constituted the cyber terrorism targets taxonomy: incursion, destruction, service interruption, disinformation and web sites defacement. The authors categorized effective strategic approaches to tackle cyber terrorism as: administrative, technological, national and local alliances, international alliances, and education, training and psychological approach. They developed cyber terrorism taxonomies which represent a systematic organization and classification of knowledge that improves scientific awareness of cyber terrorism definition, boundaries, potential targets, crime patterns and effective mitigation strategies.
Applications of Digital Signature Certificates for Online Information Security
Authors: Banday Mohammad Tariq
Published: March 2018

Information security has been the focus of research since decades; however, with the advent of Internet and its vast growth, online information security research has become recurrent. Novel methods, techniques, protocols, and procedures are continuously developed to secure information from growing threats. Digital signature certificates, currently offers one of the most trusted solutions to achieve CIA-trio for online information. This chapter discusses online information security through cryptography. It explains digital signature certificates; their benefits, the underlying standards, involved techniques, procedures, algorithms, processes, structure, management, formats, and illustration of their working. It highlights the potential of digital signatures and certificates in information security across different devices, services, and applications. It introduces a few useful tools to learn, train, and implement digital signature certificates.