bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Nutritional Risk in the Acute Care Setting: Progress Towards a Practice and Evidence Informed Systems Level Approach
Authors: Chamberlain Diane , Doeltgen Sebastian , Knowles Reegan , Yaxley Alison , Miller Michelle
Published: August 2021

BackgroundTo improve nutritional assessment and care pathways in the acute care setting, it is important to understand the indicators that may predict nutritional risk. Informed by a review of systematic reviews, this project engaged stakeholders to prioritise and reach consensus on a list of evidence based and clinically contextualised indicators for identifying malnutrition risk in the acute care setting. MethodsA modified Delphi approach was employed which consisted of four rounds of consultation with 54 stakeholders and 10 experts to reach consensus and refine a list of 57 risk indicators identified from a review of systematic reviews. Weighted mean and variance scores for each indicator were evaluated. Consistency was tested with intra class correlation coefficient. Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the reliability of the indicators. The final list of indicators was subject to Cronbach’s alpha and exploratory principal component analysis. ResultsFifteen indicators were considered to be the most important in identifying nutritional risk. There was 82% agreement for the final 15 indicators that they collectively would predict malnutrition risk in hospital inpatients. Conclusion The 15 indicators identified are supported by evidence and are clinically informed. This represents an opportunity for translation into a novel and automated systems level approach for identifying malnutrition risk in the acute care setting.
All-Fiber Optical Nonreciprocity Based on Parity-Time-Symmetric Fabry-Perot Resonators
Authors: Li Zheng , Zhang Jiejun , Zhi Yanyan , Li Lingzhi , Liao Baoliang , Yao Jianping
Published: August 2021

Nonreciprocal light transmission in an all-fiber device with remotely tunable isolation ratio and switchable isolation direction is proposed and demonstrated. Three cascaded fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are inscribed in an erbium-ytterbium co-doped fiber (EYDF) to form two mutually coupled Fabry-Perot (FP) resonators. The two FP resonators have an identical geometry, but the gain and loss of the FP resonators, and their mutual coupling are manipulated by controlling the pumping power to realize broken parity-time (PT) symmetry. Strong optical nonreciprocity is achieved due to gain saturation nonlinearity that is enhanced by the broken PT symmetry. The proposed device is fabricated, and its operation is experimentally evaluated. Nonreciprocal light transmission with an isolation ratio of 8.58 dB at 1550 nm and a 3-dB bandwidth of 125 MHz is experimentally demonstrated. Our study also indicates, by optimizing the design, an isolation ratio up to 33 dB can be achieved. The proposed approach provides an all-fiber solution for a remotely tunable and optically controlled isolator, which may find great applications in software-defined optical networks.
The Identity and Distribution of Striped Bagrid Catfish, Mystus Tengara (Hamilton 1822) Revealed Through Integrative Taxonomy
Authors: Nair Sangeetha , Kumari Kavita , Kumar Pavan , Raghavan Rajeev , Jaiswar Ashok
Published: August 2021

In the present study, an integrated taxonomic approach has been applied to clarify the taxonomic status, identity and distribution of bagrid catfish, Mystus tengara. Comparative morphometric evaluation of M. tengara identified in the present study from distant geographical location revealed variations of the traits in response to body length and environment, without significant genetic distance. The observed morphometric traits of M. tengara were found to be overlapping with available morphometric traits of M. tengara, M. carcio and M. vittatus. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COI) gene also could not resolve their identity, and five paraphyletic clades comprising of M. tengara, M. vittatus and M. carcio from India, Nepal and Bangladeshwere observed. Morphological and genetic evidence along withcomparative evaluation of M. tengara, from its type locality, we consider M. tengara identified in the present study to be true, with its distribution extending from North East India to West Bengal, North India, Central India, Northern peninsular India and Bangladesh. The observation of paraphyletic subclade and evaluation of genetic distance between subclades reveals, there could be at least four cryptic species in this group. Further confirmation on the identity of M. vittatus and M. carcio, by integrated taxonomic approach based on fresh specimens collected from type locality, is required.
Stressful Events and Oral Health Related Quality of Life Aboard: a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Carlos Juliana Cristina , Leão Anna Thereza Thomé , Penoni Daniela Cia
Published: August 2021

Background: Stressful events may affect self-perceived general and oral health. While the working environment is known to expose military personnel to chronic stress, oral health reports in these populations is limited. Methods: This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the association of oral health related quality of life (OHRQL) and stress in the military population aboard a training ship for 6 months. The participants included were 259 crew and 227 cadets. Two anonymous questionnaires, the perceived stress scale (PSS-14) and the oral health impact profile (OHIP-14), were applied at baseline and follow-up (six-month later). Socio-demographic characteristics were also obtained. Results: Multivariate Poisson regression analysis showed that PSS-14 predicted higher OHIP-14 scores at baseline and follow-up. At follow-up, besides PSS-14 (RR: 2.03; 1.42-2.90), being part of the crew group represented an increase of 87% on the OHIP-14 scores (RR:1.87; 1.27-2.74). Older individuals were 24% less likely to present higher OHIP-14 scores (RR:0.76; 0.58-0.99) than younger ones. Conclusion: Oral health related quality of life has worsened over time in this military population, and stress was an associated factor of that. Trial registration: 10751419.8.0000.5256/2019.
Clinical Application of Foldable Capsular Vitreous Bodies in the Treatment of Severe Ocular Trauma and Silicone Oil Dependent Eyes
Authors: Jiang Hao , Xue Chao , Gao Yanlin , Chen Ying , Wang Yan
Published: August 2021

Background: Recently, a new type of foldable capsular vitreous body (FCVB) has been developed for clinical application to fill the vitreous cavity with vitreous substitutes. It may be an ideal substitute for the vitreous body in eyes with severe retinal detachment. The aim of this study was to assess the application of a foldable capsular vitreous body (FCVB) in the treatment of severe ocular trauma and silicone oil (SO) dependent eyes.Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical application of FCVB in the treatment of severe ocular trauma and SO dependent eyes. The results of best-corrected visual acuity and intraocular pressure (IOP) evaluation, B-scan ultrasonography or color Doppler ultrasonography, ultrasound biomicroscopy, and anterior segment photography were recorded during follow-up. A paired t-test was used to compare the difference in IOP before and after FCVB implantation. Results: Seven eyes of seven patients were included in the 6 months follow-up. In all cases, B-scan ultrasonography and ultrasound biomicroscopy showed that FCVB adapted closely to the globe wall and ciliary body, thus supporting the retina. Visual acuity did not improve, except in one case from LP to HM. The mean±SD IOP was 9.29±1.60mmHg prior to FCVB implantation and 10.43±0.98mmHg after implantation, with no significant difference between these measurements (P=0.066). Five of the seven patients developed differing degrees of corneal opacity and keratopathy. Conclusions: FCVB implantation may be a safe and effective method for the treatment of severe ocular trauma and SO dependent eyes. However, corneal opacity and keratopathy are potential serious complications after surgery. Appropriate case selection and proper surgical time require further investigation.
Assessment of the Knowledge of CT Scanner Operators on the Use of Dose Reduction Software Called Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) During a CT Scan
Authors: Kamdem Eddy Fotso , Samba Odette Ngano , Abogo Serge , Tambe Joshua , Amougou Jean Claude Mballa , Guegang Emilienne , Zeh Odile Fernande , Nguemgne Célestine , Nwedjiwe Narcisse Fidèle Nana , Fotue Alain Jervé
Published: August 2021

Objectif : Evaluate the knowledge of medical imaging technicians on the use of dose reduction software and the concept of patient radiation protection.Materials and methods : Descriptive and analytical transversal study from January 1 to December 1, 2020, conducted in the radiology and medical imaging services of Cameroon's public and private hospitals with a CT scanner. It was the first study on this topic that was conducted in Cameroon. This study was conducted from a questionnaire distributed to all medical imaging technicians in 10 country hospitals relating to the notions of dose reduction software and patient radiation protection.Results: 80 questionnaires were distributed and analyzed. The average age of medical imaging technicians was 30 years old. There were 32 women and 48 men. Most of the medical imaging technicians worked in private centers (n = 6). 75% of medical imaging technicians had been in practice for more than 5 years. 75% of medical imaging technicians gave the wrong answer regarding the use of dose reduction software. Finally, only a third of the practitioners had received training in patient radiation protection.Conclusion : Although the majority of medical imaging technicians declares to take into account the dangers related to ionizing radiation during examinations, a broader dissemination of patient radiation protection training and the use of dose reduction software, particularly during the initial curriculum. Radiology technicians could be one of the solutions to improve the knowledge of hospital practitioners in patient radiation protection. However, the use of ionizing radiation, however, need to know and take into account the potential risks of radio-induced cancer linked to high X-ray doses.
Development of Optimized Protocol for Culturing African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) Field Isolates in MA104 Cells
Authors: Kwon Hyeok-il , DO DUY tien , Vo Hung Van , Lee Seung-Chul , kim Min-Ho , Nguyen Dung Thi Thuy , Tran Tan Minh , Le Quang Tin Vinh , Ngo Tram Thi , Nguyen Nam Minh , Lee Joo Young , Nguyen Toan Tat
Published: August 2021

I. Background: ASFV causes a highly contagious hemorrhagic disease with a high mortality rates in domestic pigs. The virus has been isolated across various cell lines, but identifying a cell line to develop an effective commercial vaccine has been challenging which a major obstacle to effective vaccine development is identifying a commercial cell line that is suitable for high-yield viral replication.II. Methods and Results: The goal of this study was to identify a candidate commercial cell line for the replication of African swine fever virus (ASFV) by comparing several available cell lines with various medium factors. In the sensitivity test of cells, MA104 and MARC-145 had strong potential for ASFV replication. Next, MA104 cells were used to compare the adaptation of ASFV obtained from tissue homogenates and blood samples in various infectious media. At the 10th passage, the ASFV obtained from the blood sample had a significantly higher viral load than that obtained from the tissue sample (P = 0.000), exhibiting a mean Ct value = 20.39 ± 1.99 compared with 25.36 ± 2.11. For blood samples, ASFV grew on infectious medium B more robustly than on infectious medium A (P = 0.006), corresponding to a Ct value = 19.58 ± 2.10 versus 21.20 ± 1.47. ASFV originating from blood specimens continued to multiply gradually and peaked in the 15th passage, exhibiting a Ct value = 14.36 ± 0.22 in infectious medium B and a Ct value = 15.42 ± 0.14 in infectious medium A. However, there was no difference (P = 0.062) in ASFV growth between infectious media A and B when ASFV was cultured from tissue homogenates. III. Conclusions: A model was developed to enhance ASFV replication through adaptation to MA104 cells and the lack of mutation in serial culture passages may serve to maintain the immunogenicity of ASFV isolates when they are developed as vaccine candidates.
Successful Treatment of a Spinal Clear Cell Meningiomas Patient With Anti-PD-1 Plus Anti- Angiogenesis
Authors: Wang Yong , Liu Baoyan , Tao Rongjie , Qi Yingxue , Luo Ningning , Gao Yongsheng , Yuan Shuanghu
Published: August 2021

Clear cell meningioma (CCM), an unusual subtype of World Health Organization (WHO) grade II meningioma, represents only 0.2– 0.8% of meningiomas. Spinal CCMs are even rarer with unique clinical features: more common in younger patients; more likely to appear in lumbar spine; high recurrence rate. Although surgery and radiotherapy are the most common treatment for primary tumors and disease recurrence, there are lack of treatment options for recurrent or metastasis disease. It is urgent need to explore new effective treatment method. In our case, we firstly reported a rare spinal CCM patient with PD-L1 positive and multiple metastases benefiting from PD-1 inhibitor plus anti- angiogenesis therapy. This treatment program is effective, safe, and has a strong therapeutic reference value, which provides promising treatment options and the direction of future clinical trials for spinal CCMs.
Skip-YOLO: Domestic Garbage Detection Using Deep Learning Method in Complex Multi-scenes
Authors: Zhao Lun , Pan Yunlong , Wang Sen , Zhang Liang , Islam Md Shafiqul
Published: August 2021

In In the field of garbage intelligent identification, similar garbage are difficult to be effectively detected due to different kinds of characteristics. This paper proposes a Skip-YOLO model for garbage detection in real life through the visual analysis of feature mapping in different neural networks. First of all, the receptive field of the model is enlarged through the large-size convolution kernel, which enhanced the shallow information of images. Secondly, the high-dimensional feature mappings of garbage is extracted by dense convolutional blocks. The sensitivity of similar features in the same type of garbage is enhanced by strengthening the sharing of shallow low semantics and deep high semantics information. Finally, the multi-scale high-dimensional feature mappings is integrated and sent to the YOLO layer to predict the type and location of garbage. Experimental results show that compared with the YOLOv3, the overall detection precision is increased by 22.5%, and the average recall rate is increased by 18.6%. In qualitative comparison, it successfully detects domestic garbage in complex multi-scenes. In addition, our approach alleviates the overfitting problem of deep residual blocks. The application case of waste sorting production line is used to further highlight the model generalization performance of our method.
Z-Guggulsterone attenuates cognitive deficits and reduces amyloid-β levels in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice by inhibiting toll-like receptor 4 pathway
Authors: Liu Jing , Yang Yang , Guo Yane , Shang Yanchang , Zhou Bo , Fan Jiao , Wei Chao
Published: August 2021

Background

Accumulating evidence has indicated that inflammatory damage plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and represents one of the therapeutic targets. Z-Guggulsterone (Z-GS) is an active component extracted from myrrh, which has been widely used as an anti-inflammatory agent. The present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of Z-GS on the disease progression, as well as the underlying mechanisms in the transgenic mouse models of AD.
Methods

Using behavioral, histological, and biochemical methods, outcomes of Z-GS treatment on neuropathology and cognitive deficits were studied in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mice.
Results

We found that Z-GS treatment resulted in a dramatic improvement of learning and memory deficits, a significant decrease in cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) levels and plaque burden, a marked alleviation in neuroinflammation, and a profound reduction in synaptic defects in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Furthermore, amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing was strongly suppressed with Z-GS treatment by inhibiting beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) protein expression to produce Aβ in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. In addtion, Z-GS modulated anti-inflammatory pathway via decreasing phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B alpha (IκBα) and p65, which was achieved by inhibiting the activation of TLR4.
Conclusions

Collectively, Our results demonstrate that Z-GS protects neurons against inflammatory damage in AD, and this neuroprotective property involves the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Identification of Chemotherapeutic Dihydromyricetin With Enhanced Anti-tumor Activity and Biosafety for Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Wang Zijian , Guo Zicheng , You Wenjie , Wang Wang , Zhou Fenfang , Zhang Renjie , He Zhiwen , Chen Hongbo , Wang Xinghuan
Published: August 2021

Background: Muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is one of the most common malignant diseases in elderly men, such as veterans. Postoperative chemotherapy plays a vital role in preventing recurrence and metastasis of MIBC. However, fewer of chemotherapeutic drugs with remarkable anti-tumor activity and biosafety are available for clinical treatment.Methods: In this work, a novel plant-derived drug, named as dihydromyricetin (DHM), was selected for postoperative chemotherapy of MIBC. The anti-tumor activity was evaluated using a series of in vitro tests, such as MTT assay, flow cytometry and western blot. Furthermore, a xenograft model of BALB/C57 nude mice was established to verify the good anti-tumor activity and biosafety of DHM in vivo. Results: DHM could effectively inhibit the proliferation, survival and migration of MIBC cell, and promote apoptosis (P<0.05). Cytotoxic macrophage polarization from M0 to M1 was promoted by DHM treatment, and the hub genes in cell cycle and apoptosis signaling pathways were differential expressed. We also found that DHM could reverse the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of MIBC cell. The in vivo results revealed that intravenous injection of DHM with a dose of 20 mg/kg for 7 times could significantly suppress the in vivo tumorigenesis of MIBC (P<0.05), while triggered no obvious drug side effects. Conclusion: This work identified a novel chemotherapeutic DHM with remarkable anti-tumor activity and biosafety, which could serve as a promising alternative for postoperative chemotherapy of MIBC.
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to verify the impact on Wnt Signaling Pathway in Taodan Granules Treated Psoriasis
Authors: Luo Ying , Zhang Ying , Yin Shuang-yi , Luo Yue , Ding Xiao-jie , Ru Yi , Xing Meng , Fei Xiao-ya , Song Jian-kun , Zhang Hui-ping , Liu Tai-yi , Li Bin , Kuai Le
Published: August 2021

Background: Taodan granules (TDGs), traditional Chinese herbals, are effective in treating psoriasis. However, mechanisms of TDGs remain indistinct. The current study aims to indicate the molecular mechanisms of TDGs in treating psoriasis.Methods: Primarily, transcriptional profiling was applied to identify differentially expression genes (DEGs). The following was that we used Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) analysis for functional enrichment analysis. Eventually, RT-PCR was performed to validation. Results: The results revealed that TDGs could regulated the Wnt signaling pathway to ameliorate skin lesions of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriatic mouse models. IPA core network associated with Wnt signaling pathways in TDGs for psoriasis was established. Thereinto zeste homolog (EZH) 2, CTNNB1, TP63, and WD repeat domain (WDR) 5 could be considered as upstream genes in the Wnt signaling pathway.Conclusions: The Wnt signaling pathway with these above upstream genes might be potential therapeutic targets of TDGs for psoriasis.
Investigating Changes in β-Adrenergic Gene Expression (ADRB1 and ADRB2) in Takotsubo (Stress) Cardiomyopathy Syndrome
Authors: Onrat Serap Tutgun , Dural İbrahim Ethem , Yalım Zafer , Onrat Ersel
Published: August 2021

Background:Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (TC) is a rare disorder that is mostly caused by stress and is often misdiagnosed. We aimed to analyze Takotsubo Syndrome at the molecular level by using the Oxford Nanopore Minion Device and its protocol. Methods and Results: Ten patients who were previously diagnosed with Takotsubo Syndrome (increased after decrease in ejection fraction and without critical stenosis in coronary arteries) and 10 healthy individuals in the control group were included in our project. The mean age was 53±12.2 for the patient group and 52.4±9.9 for the control group, and the left ventricular ejection fraction was 50.3±11.5 for the patient group and 64.2±2.8 for the control group (p<0.05). Peripheral blood of patients and healthy individuals was taken and their DNA was obtained. By making long reads throughout the genome, the most studied regions responsible for b- adrenergic signaling pathways; The gene expression level of cardiac β-1 ADRB1(rs1801253-ENST00000369295.4), G>C, (Gly389Arg) and cardiac β-2 ADRB2 (rs1800888-ENSG00000169252), C>T, (Thr165Ile) adrenoceptors was investigated. As a result; no structural variation was detected leading to Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy. The results obtained from the bioinformatics analysis were also checked from the VarSome Tools and similar results were found.Conclusions: Many publications in TC susceptibility have that may lead to adrenergic pathway dysregulation, most studied adrenergic receptor genes in the similar literatures too. We searched for genetic variants in b1AR and b2AR genes in our study and however we could not find any variants in this study, we think larger numbers of cohort studies are needed.
Big Data Classification of Remote Sensing Image Based on Cloud Computing and Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Wu Xiaobo
Published: August 2021

In recent years, with the continuous development of cloud computing and big data technology, information technology is penetrating all corners of enterprise development at a speed that ordinary people cannot imagine. Today's remote sensing image classification plays an important role in many applications. This article is based on cloud computing and convolutional neural network to study the remote sensing image big data classification. This article takes cloud computing technology and convolutional neural network technology as the technical points. First, it introduces cloud computing technology in more detail from the basic concepts, characteristics and classification of cloud computing, and then compares traditional methods from the selection of feature extraction methods and classifiers. The remote sensing image classification method is described, and finally the convolutional neural network model that needs to be applied in this research is explained. In the experiment, the features extracted by multiple pre-training networks are fused. Through the study of the three feature fusion methods, it is found that the classification accuracy rate has been further improved on the three data sets. The experimental results in this paper show that the remote sensing image big data classification method based on cloud computing and convolutional neural network has more than a little improvement in accuracy than the traditional remote sensing image classification method, and the accuracy rate has reached 86.3%.
Clinical Validity of the Smallest Oblique Sagittal Area of the Neural Foramen in Patients With Suspected Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy
Authors: Jia Yukun , Peng Zhan , Qin Yuantian , Li Jin , Wang Guangye
Published: August 2021

Objective To evaluate the smallest oblique sagittal area of the neural foramen in detecting cervical spondylotic radiculopathy and to determine its potential significance for treatment decisions. Methods The subjects of the study were patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy who visited the spine surgery from 2016 to 2019. All patients were compared according to the minimum oblique sagittal area and the cut-off point value, and they were divided into positive and negative parameters. The changes in neck disability index (NDI), Japanese Orthopaedic Association score (JOA) and visual analog scale (VAS) during the two treatment groups from baseline to at least 24 months of follow-up were compared.Results In the surgery group, there was no significant difference in symptom improvement between patients with positive and negative parameters. In the non-surgical group, for patients with positive parameters, NDI decreased by 2.35, JOA increased by 0.88, and neck VAS score improved by 0.42. For patients with negative parameters, NDI decreased by 10.32, JOA increased by 2.86 on average, and neck VAS score improved by 2.46 points on average (both p＜0.01 on t test).Conclusions In patients undergoing surgery, the symptoms of the patients have been significantly improved after surgery, and the smallest oblique sagittal area of the neural foramen seems to be unable to predict the outcome of the surgery. However, in non-surgical patients, the improvement of symptoms in the stenosis group was more limited. This may imply that surgery may be effective for patients who had positive parameters.
The Impact of E-learning During COVID-19 Pandemic on Body Aches Among Students in a Palestinian University
Authors: Yaseen Qais B. , Salah Heba
Published: August 2021

Background: Musculoskeletal system pain is a major concern in our life due to its negative effects on our ability to perform our daily functions. During the COVID-19 pandemic several countries around the world switched their teaching programs into e-learning programs, where students spend long hour using desktop/ laptop or tablet devices. The use of these devices was associated with several complains among the students like neck, shoulder and back pain. The aim of this study is to evaluate the degree of different body aches associated with e-learning on university students and to find a link between the most common body posture, the duration of usage of desktop/ laptop or tablet devices with the negative health outcome on these students. Methods: The subjects of this study were students from An-Najah university in Palestine. 385 questionnaires were filled using Google forms as a web-based questionnaire and all the subjects were using e-learning approach due to COVID-19 pandemic. Upon completion of the study, descriptive statistics, correlation statistics with Pearson coefficient and Chi square analysis were used to study the sample.Results: Our study showed that a large percentage of participants used the desktop/ laptop or tablet devices for e-learning during the pandemic. The Duration of these devices use was correlated with the duration and degree of pain among the participants, and also associated with the difficulty in their ability to perform several daily activities. In addition, most of the students used the sitting position with the supine bent forward during the device usage. When comparing the pain level and duration associated with desktop/ laptop or tablet device usage in both genders, female tend to have higher duration and more severe pain compared to male. Conclusion: The university students that participated in this study had an increase in body aches during the e-learning process, and the aches duration and severity increases if the duration of desktop/laptop or tablet usage increase.
Comparison on two algorithms of skeletal muscle mass index: an observational study in 141,451 Chinese adults
Authors: zheng Yansong , huang zhen , Dong shengyong , zeng qiang
Published: August 2021

Background/AimsThere were two methods used for measuring skeletal muscle mass index (SMI); one is SMM (%) = skeletal muscle mass(kg) /body weight mass (kg)×100%, and the other is SMH (kg/m2) = skeletal muscle mass(kg)/ height (m)2. The aim of this study was to compare on the distribution of the two algorithms of SMI.MethodsThis study included 141,451 participants who accepted physical examination. Body mass index (BMI), and body fat percentage (BFP) were estimated using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. SMI was calculated by the two algorithms.ResultsLevels of BMI, BFP, SMM and SMH differed significantly among the sexes. BMI and BFP were significantly positively correlated with age, while SMM was significantly negatively correlated with age (β = -0.23, P < .001). There was no significant correlation between SMH and age. Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between SMM and BMI (β = -0.53, P < .001), and a positive correlation between SMH and BMI (β = 0.79, P < .001). Both SMM (β= -0.98, P < .001) and SMH (β = -0.0642, P < .001) were negatively correlated with BFP. Nevertheless, the correlation coefficient of the former was significantly greater than that of the latter. In gender stratification, SMM maintained the analogous correlation, while the correlation between SMH and other indicators changed. SMM showed a gradual downward trend, but SMH and BFP showed a gradual upward trend from low body weight to grade Ⅲ obesity.ConclusionsSMM may be a more ideal algorithm for reflecting SMI, compared to SMH.
Application of structural allogenous bone graft in two-stage exchange arthroplasty for knee periprosthetic joint infection: a case control study
Authors: Chuang ChiehAn , Lee Sheng-Hsun , Chang Chih-Hsiang , Hu Chih-Chien , Shih Hsin-Nung , Ueng Steve W.N. , Chang Yuhan
Published: August 2021

Background:
Knee prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a common but devastating complication after knee arthroplasty. The revision surgeries for knee PJI may become more challenging when it is associated with large bone defects. The application of structural bone allograft in knee revision surgeries with large bone defects is not a new technique. However, there is a lack of literature reporting its efficacy in PJI cases. This study aimed to investigate the outcome of structural fresh frozen allogenous bone grafts in treating patients in knee PJI with large bone defects.
Methods:
We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of knee PJI cases treated with two-stage exchange arthroplasty at our institution from 2010 to 2016. 12 patients with structural allogenous bone graft reconstructions were identified as the study group. 24 patients without structural allograft reconstructions matched with the study group by age, gender, and Charlson comorbidity index were enrolled as the control group. The functional outcome of the study group was evaluated with the Knee Society Score (KSS). Treatment success was assessed according to the Delphi-based consensus definition. The infection relapse rate and implant survivorship were compared between groups.
Results:
Revision knees with structural allograft presented excellent improvement in the KSS (33.1 to 75.4). There was no significant difference between infection relapse-free survival rate and prosthesis survival rate in two groups. The 8-year prosthesis survival rate was 90.9% in the study group and 91% in the control group (p = 0.913). The 8-year infection relapse-free survival rate was 80% and 83.3% in the study group and control group, respectively (p = 0.377).
Conclusion:
The structural fresh frozen allogenous bone graft provided an effective way for bone defect reconstruction in knee PJI with accountable survival rate. Meanwhile, using structural allografts did not increase the relapse rate of infection.
Aerosol Jet Printing of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticle Ink with Ultraviolet Radiation Curing for Thin Film Temperature Sensors
Authors: Chang Yi-Tse , Hung Kuan-Yi , Young Hong-Tsu , Li Kuan-Ming , Chen Roland
Published: August 2021

In this study, ultraviolet (UV) radiation curing process and furnace curing process for curing aerosol jet printed nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticle thin films were investigated. NiO has a negative temperature coefficient and can be used to fabricate temperature sensors. Four UV power settings (for 10 minutes) and four furnace temperatures (for one hour) were used to cure the aerosol jet printed sensors. The resultant sensor resistance at 100°C and 180°C were measured, and the sensor’s sensitivity was characterized by B value. Confocal microscopy was performed to characterize the sensor surface. The 60% UV power setting yields the lowest resistance and the highest B value among all sensors. The analysis of variations shows that the UV power setting is not a significant factor on the resistance and B value, while the furnace temperature is a significant factor. This indicates that UV curing is a more robust method and does not need to be optimized to achieve good results. The UV curing process not only reduces the required curing time but also improve the performance of the temperature sensor.
Screening of key biomarkers of tendinopathy based on bioinformatics and machine learning algorithms
Authors: Zhu Yaxi , Huang Jia Qiang , Zhou Yun Dong , Ming Yu Yang , Zhuang Zhao , Xia Hong
Published: August 2021

Tendinopathy is a complex, multifaceted tendon disease that is often associated with overuse and causes significant health care costs with its high prevalence. At present, the pathogenesis and effective treatment of tendinopathy cannot be fully elucidated. This study aims to deeply explore and analyze the key genes, functional pathways, and immune infiltration characteristics of the occurrence and development of tendinopathy.MethodsThe gene expression profiles of GSE106292, GSE26051 and GSE167226 were downloaded from GEO database. The WGCNA analysis was performed on GSE106292 data set by the R package in R software, and differential gene analysis was performed on GSE26051 and GSE167226 data sets by combining and screening. The gene enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG and immune cell infiltration analysis were performed. Lasso logistic regression, support vector machine (SVM-REF) and Gaussian mixture model (GMMS) algorithm were used to screen and identify early diagnostic genes.ResultsWe have obtained a total of 171 DEGs through WGCNA analysis and screening of different expressed genes. By GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, it was found that these malregulated genes were related to mTOR, HIF-1, MAPK, NF-κB and VEGF signaling pathways. Immunoinfiltration analysis showed that M1 macrophages, activated mast cells and activated NK cells had infiltration significance. MacroD1 may be an early diagnosis gene, and it was found based on Lasso, SVM-REF and GMMS algorithm.ConclusionsBased on comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, we identified the potential early diagnosis genes MACROD1, key regulatory pathways and immune infiltration characteristics of tendinopathy. These key genes and pathways may be used as biomarkers and molecular therapeutic targets for early tendon injury to guide drugs and basic research.
Wprowadzenie: Teoria wojny sprawiedliwej – 600 lat po wstąpieniu Pawła Włodkowica na Soborze w Konstancji
Authors: Cebula Adam , Płotka Magdalena
Published: August 2021

Niniejszy tom Studia Philosophiae Christianae zawiera część artykułów zaprezentowanych podczas międzynarodowej konferencji zorganizowanej w październiku 2015 r. na Uniwersytecie Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie dla upamiętnienia sześćsetnej rocznicy wystąpienia Pawła Włodkowica na Soborze Powszechnym w Konstancji. Wraz z polskim przekładem wystąpienia Michaela Walzera – gościa specjalnego konferencji – stanowią one próbkę rozważań dotyczących zaledwie kilku aspektów niezwykle rozległej problematyki łączącej się z teorią wojny sprawiedliwej. Mamy nadzieję, że staną się one inspiracją do dalszych badań w dziedzinie etyki wojny – zachowującej wciąż, mimo upływu wieków, jak również próby ogłoszenia przed kilkudziesięciu laty epoki „końca historii”, swoją niezmienną aktualność.
Uwagi metodologiczne na temat badań nad pochodzeniem człowieka
Authors: Bugajak Grzegorz
Published: August 2021

Pytanie o początki człowieka, stawiane na gruncie nauk biologicznych, jest pytaniem o linię filogenetyczną, wiodącą do pojawienia się gatunku Homo sapiens. Dysponując jakąś hipotezą, dotyczącą przebiegu tej linii, biolog może starać się ustalić, kiedy i gdzie zaszła zmiana na tyle decydująca, że należy ją uznać za równoznaczną powstaniu naszego – prawdziwie nowego – gatunku. Problem polega jednak na tym, że kryteria, pozwalające jednoznacznie odróżnić jeden gatunek od drugiego, wydają się być trudne, a być może nawet niemożliwe do sformułowania. Oznacza to, że samo pojęcie „prawdziwie nowego” gatunku jest w pewnym sensie puste. W artykule zostały ukazane kluczowe problemy metodologiczne, występujące na gruncie antropologii przyrodniczej, mające znaczenie dla jej ustaleń.

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Zgłoszono: 12/08/2020. Zrecenzowano: 10/09/2020. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 12/10/2020
Realizm strukturalny a problem reprezentacji w nauce w kontekście sporu o realizm naukowy
Authors: Buczkowska Janina
Published: August 2021

Przedmiotem artykułu jest ukazanie realizmu strukturalnego jako stanowiska realistycznego w dyskusji, prowadzonej wokół realizmu naukowego – jego wybranych zalet i słabości. Realizm strukturalny jest odpowiedzią na wyzwanie, jakie realizmowi naukowemu stawiają historyczne fakty zmiany teorii w nauce. Nawiązuje on do semantycznego ujęcia teorii naukowych i wypracowanego w tym podejściu aparatu pojęciowego. Zgodnie z realizmem strukturalnym to, co zostaje zachowane z dojrzałych teorii naukowych po zmianie teorii, to ich sformułowania matematyczne, będące abstrakcyjnymi modelami teorii. Są one aproksymacyjnie prawdziwe, gdyż reprezentują realne struktury rzeczywistości w sposób wolny od ontologicznej interpretacji, narzuconej przez język teorii. Realizm strukturalny i nawiązujący do niego semirealizm, który rozszerza niezmienniczość dojrzałych teorii na własności detekcyjne obiektów fizycznych, bronią tezy realizmu naukowego w kwestii aproksymacyjnej prawdziwości teorii naukowych, interpretując realistycznie zmiany teorii naukowych. Pozostawiają jednak na boku istotny dla realizmu problem reprezentowania rzeczywistości w teoriach naukowych. Oba wspomniane stanowiska, nawiązując do modelowego ujęcia teorii naukowych, przyjmują, że reprezentacja jest izomorfizmem struktur matematycznego modelu teorii i rzeczywistości. Takie rozumienie reprezentacji jest zbyt wąskie, nie uwzględnia, że struktura zjawisk nie jest jednoznacznie określona. Strukturę tę dla teorii zastępuje matematyczny model danych, który odzwierciedla zjawiska przedstawione jako związki własności określonych przez teorię. Realistyczna interpretacja modelu danych stanowi dla realizmu strukturalnego konieczne uzupełnienie, aby spełniał on naczelną tezę realizmu, głoszącą, że nauka poznaje świat taki, jaki jest niezależnie od teorii. Stanowi to podstawę, aby broniona w realizmie strukturalnym aproksymacyjna prawdziwość teorii naukowych miała ugruntowane uzasadnienie. Wskazanie potrzeby rozszerzenia realizmu strukturalnego i semirealizmu o odpowiednią dla nich koncepcję reprezentacji jest tezą tej pracy. W artykule zostały przedstawione podstawowe elementy współczesnej dyskusji wokół realizmu naukowego oraz stanowiska realizmu strukturalnego i semirealizmu jako uzgodnienie realizmu naukowego z faktem radykalnej zmiany teorii. Następnie zostały ukazane konsekwencje, jakie dla realizmu strukturalnego wynikają z semantycznego (modelowego) ujęcia teorii naukowych i związanego z tym pojęcia reprezentacji jako izomorfizmu struktur. Ostatni fragment został poświęcony wskazaniu, że aby spełnić postulaty realizmu naukowego zarówno realizm strukturalny, jak i semirealizm powinny być uzupełnione o interpretację reprezentacji rzeczywistości w modelu danych w duchu realizmu naukowego. -------------- Zgłoszono: 17/09/2020. Zrecenzowano: 12/10/2020. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 09/11/2020
The Pivotal Role of Transient Receptor Potential Channels in Oral
Physiology
Authors: Chalazias Andreas , Plemmenos Grigorios , Evangeliou Evangelos , Piperi Christina
Published: August 2021

Background:

Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels constitute a large
family of non-selective permeable ion channels involved in the perception of environmental
stimuli with a central and continuously expanding role in oral tissue homeostasis. Recent
studies indicate the regulatory role of TRPs in pulp physiology, oral mucosa sensation,
dental pain nociception and salivary gland secretion. This review provides an update
on the diverse functions of TRP channels in the physiology of the oral cavity, with emphasis
on their cellular location, the underlying molecular mechanisms and clinical significance.

Methods:

A structured search of bibliographic databases (PubMed and MEDLINE) was
performed for peer-reviewed studies on the function of TRP channels on oral cavity physiology
in the last ten years. A qualitative content analysis was performed of screened papers
and a critical discussion on the main findings is provided.

Results:

TRPs expression has been detected in major cell types of the oral cavity, including
odontoblasts, periodontal ligament, oral epithelial, salivary gland cells, and chondrocytes
of temporomandibular joints, where they mediate signal perception and transduction
of mechanical, thermal, and osmotic stimuli. They contribute to pulp physiology through
dentin formation, mineralization, and periodontal ligament formation, along with alveolar
bone remodeling in the dental pulp and periodontal ligament cells. TRPs are also involved
in oral mucosa sensation, dental pain nociception, saliva secretion, swallowing reflex and
temporomandibular joints' development.

Conclusion:

Various TRP channels regulate oral cavity homeostasis, playing an important
role in the transduction of external stimuli to intracellular signals in a cell typespecific
manner and presenting promising drug targets for the development of pharmacological
strategies to manage oral diseases.
Research Progress on the Drug Resistance of ALK Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Li Zhen , Liu Fang , Wu Shuang , Ding Shi , Chen Ye , Liu Ju
Published: August 2021

Background:

The fusion and rearrangement of the ALK gene of anaplastic lymphoma kinase
is an important cause of a variety of cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and
anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Since crizotinib first came out, many ALK inhibitors have
come out one after another, but the fatal flaw in each generation of ALK inhibitors is the body's resistance
to drugs. Therefore, how to solve the problem of drug resistance has become an important
bottleneck in the application and development of ALK inhibitors. This article briefly introduces the
drug resistance of ALK inhibitors and the modified forms of ALK inhibitors, which provide a theoretical
basis for solving the drug resistance of ALK inhibitors and the development of a new generation of
ALK kinase inhibitors.

Method:

We use relevant databases to query relevant literature, and then screen and select based on
the relevance and cutting edge of the content. We then summarize and analyze appropriate articles,
integrate and classify relevant studies, and finally write articles based on topics.

Result:

This article starts with the problem of ALK resistance, first introduces the composition of
ALK kinase, and then introduces the problem of resistance of ALK kinase inhibitors. Later, the structural
modification to overcome ALK resistance was introduced, and finally, the method to overcome
ALK resistance was introduced.

Conclusion:

This article summarizes the resistance pathways of ALK kinase inhibitors, and integrates
the efforts made to overcome the structural modification of ALK resistance problems, and hopes to
provide some inspiration for the development of the next generation of ALK kinase inhibitors.
Molecular Modeling Targeting Transmembrane Serine Protease 2
(TMPRSS2) as an Alternative Drug Target Against Coronaviruses
Authors: dos Santos Nascimento Igor José , da Silva-Júnior Edeildo Ferreira , de Aquino Thiago Mendonça
Published: August 2021

:

Since December 2019, the new Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the etiological agent SARS-CoV-2 has been responsible for several cases worldwide, becoming pandemic in March 2020. Pharmaceutical companies and academics have joined their efforts to discover new therapies to control the disease since there are no specific drugs to combat this emerging virus. Thus, several tar-gets have been explored; among them, the transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) has gained greater interest in the scientific community. In this context, this review will describe the importance of TMPRSS2 protease and the significant advances in virtual screening focused on discovering new inhibitors. In this review, it was observed that molecular modeling methods could be powerful tools in identifying new molecules against SARS-CoV-2. Thus, this review could be used to guide re-searchers worldwide to explore the biological and clinical potential of compounds that could be promising drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2, acting by inhibition of TMPRSS2 protein.
Alzheimer's Disease and β-secretase Inhibition: An Update with a Focus
on Computer-aided Inhibitor Design
Authors: Ugbaja Samuel C. , Lawal Isiaka A. , Kumalo Hezekiel M. , Lawal Monsurat M.
Published: August 2021

Introduction:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an intensifying neurodegenerative illness due to its irreversible nature. Identification of β‐site Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) cleaving en-zyme1 (BACE1) has been a significant medicinal focus towards AD treatment, and this has opened ground for several investigations. Despite the numerous works in this direction, no BACE1 inhibitor has made it to the final approval stage as an anti-AD drug.

Method:

We provide an introductory background of the subject with a general overview of the pathogenesis of AD. The review features BACE1 inhibitor design and development with a focus on some clinical trials and discontinued drugs. Using the topical keywords BACE1, inhibitor design, and computational/theoretical study in the Web of Science and Scopus database, we retrieved over 49 relevant articles. The search years are from 2010 and 2020, with analysis conducted from May 2020 to March 2021.

Results and Discussion:

Researchers have employed computational methodologies to unravel po-tential BACE1 inhibitors with a significant outcome. The most used computer-aided approach in BACE1 inhibitor design and binding/interaction studies are pharmacophore development, quantita-tive structure-activity relationship (QSAR), virtual screening, docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. These methods, plus more advanced ones including quantum mechan-ics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) and QM, have proven substantial in the computational frame-work for BACE1 inhibitor design. Computational chemists have embraced the incorporation of in vitro assay to provide insight into the inhibition performance of identified molecules with potential inhibition towards BACE1. Significant IC50 values up to 50 nM, better than clinical trial com-pounds, are available in the literature.

Conclusion:

Researchers have employed computational methodologies to unravel po-tential BACE1 inhibitors with a significant outcome. The most used computer-aided approach in BACE1 inhibitor design and binding/interaction studies are pharmacophore development, quantita-tive structure-activity relationship (QSAR), virtual screening, docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. These methods, plus more advanced ones including quantum mechan-ics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) and QM, have proven substantial in the computational frame-work for BACE1 inhibitor design. Computational chemists have embraced the incorporation of in vitro assay to provide insight into the inhibition performance of identified molecules with potential inhibition towards BACE1. Significant IC50 values up to 50 nM, better than clinical trial com-pounds, are available in the literature.