bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Separating the aperiodic and periodic components of neural activity in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Wang Zhuyong , Mo Yixiang , Sun Yujia , Hu Kai , Peng Chunkai , Zhang Shizhong , Xue Sha
Published: July 2022

Most studies on electrophysiology have not separated aperiodic activity from the spectra but have rather evaluated a combined periodic oscillatory component and the aperiodic component. As the understanding of aperiodic activity gradually deepens, its potential physiological significance has acquired increased appreciation.

Herein, we investigated the two components in scalp electroencephalogram in 16 healthy controls and 15 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD); the results revealed that aperiodic parameters were approximately symmetrically distributed in topography in patients with PD and were significantly modulated by dopaminergic medication in channels C4, C3, CP5 and FC5. In sum, our findings might provide indicators for evaluating treatment response in PD and highlight the importance of re‐evaluating the neuronal power spectra parameterization.
The mesotendineum of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT)
Authors: Orth Saskia , Staszyk Carsten , Rijkenhuizen Astrid B. M.
Published: July 2022

Background

It is a common assumption that the mesotendineum of the SDFT creates an extrasynovial space within the tendon sheath. Thus, an incision of the palmar/plantar annular ligament (PAL) in this area should not result in the opening of the digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS).

Objective

To identify differences in the conformation of the mesotendineum of the SDFT, which do not allow for an extrasynovial midline desmotomy of the PAL in every horse.

Study design

A prospective study on horse cadaver limbs.

Methods

A total of 60 cadaver limbs from 15 horses were taken and divided into two groups. A midline or a lateral desmotomy of the PAL was performed. An opening of the DFTS in the course of midline desmotomy was investigated, the attachment of the mesotendineum at the SDFT and the PAL was measured. A correlation between the conformation of the mesotendineum and the opening of the DFTS was investigated.

Results

Four different types of the mesotendineum could be detected. Type 1 and 2 both include a continuous mesotendineum, but differ in their width. Type 3 and 4 show a discontinuous attachment of the mesotendineum. In type 3, there is no attachment in its distal part, and in type 4, the interruption of the attachment is seen in its central part. Using the conventional desmotomy in the midline, the DFTS was entered in 50% of the limbs because of a thin, interrupted or a missing attachment at the distal part of the mesotendineum.

Main limitations

The relatively low number of cases and the heterogeneous distribution of breeds did not allow for substantial statistical analysis.

Conclusion

This study shows that an extrasynovial midline dissection of the PAL is not always guaranteed due to different anatomical conformations of mesotendineum.
Acquired large colon strangulating inguinal herniation in two Arabian foals
Authors: Haion Orr , Tatz Amos J. , Dahan Roee , Kelmer Gal
Published: July 2022

Large colon inguinal hernias are rare, and successful outcome reports are lacking. The present case report describes the clinical presentation, surgical treatment and outcome of two Arabian foals, presented to the hospital at several weeks of age, with colic signs due to inguinal herniation of the large colon. Case 1 describes a right indirect inguinal hernia and Case 2 describes a left direct inguinal hernia, both involving the pelvic flexure. In both cases, the colts underwent surgical treatment while preserving the ipsilateral testis, recovered well and had good long‐term outcomes.
Uncoupled fracture model of Q690 high‐strength steel based on stress triaxiality and Lode angle parameter
Authors: You Qiang , Wang Jian‐Tao , Wu Xiao‐Hong , Sun Qing , Zhao Bing‐Zhen
Published: July 2022

In order to accelerate the popularization of high‐strength (HS) steel, the fracture property of Chinese Q690 HS steel was investigated through experiments, numerical simulation, and model establishment in this paper. A three‐dimensional fracture dataset of Q690 steel based on “stress triaxiality‐Lode angle parameter‐fracture strain” was obtained by a hybrid method of experiment and simulation, illustrating that the ductility of Q690 steel under plane strain is lower than that under axisymmetric tension. Eight existing uncoupled fracture models were calibrated, and the Xue‐W model shows reasonable applicability on Q690 steel. To improve the accuracy of fracture prediction, a stress triaxiality and Lode angle parameter dependent uncoupled ductile fracture model was newly proposed, and a simplified version that can be conveniently calibrated without specially designed specimen was provided for engineering application. The proposed model and the simplified version were verified, respectively, and both can achieve satisfactory prediction on the fracture behavior of Q690 HS steel.
Binding of dual‐flavour compounds by soy protein isolate in aqueous model systems
Authors: Guo Jun , Zeng Maomao , Chen Jie
Published: July 2022

By the technique of headspace solid‐phase microextraction/gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME‐GC/MS) and static headspace/gas chromatography (HS/GC), the interaction of dual‐flavours and soy protein isolates (SPI) was determinated at low flavour concentration (0.04–0.16 mm) and high flavour concentration (0.4–1.6 mm). The results show that the mixture of ethyl caprylate and undecanal that has elongated structure possesses the same binding sites on SPI and shows competitive binding; the mixture of carvone that has compact structure, at low flavour concentration, possesses different and independent binding sites on SPI, and there maybe existed noncompetitive binding. If high concentration multi‐flavour binding with SPI induces the conformational change and increased more binding sites for another single flavour, there may be existed anticompetitive binding. ‘Salt out’ effects of interaction model were observed for terpene flavours.
Moving away from trading on the margins: Economic empowerment of informal businesses through FinTech
Authors: Senyo P. K. , Gozman Daniel , Karanasios Stan , Dacre Nicholas , Baba Melissa
Published: July 2022

While there have been increasing studies on the impact of financial technology (FinTech), limited research has explored how FinTech supports economic empowerment for informal businesses. Drawing on institutional logics and a case study of mobile money—a FinTech innovation—this study develops a model of mobile money‐driven economic empowerment. We argue that this model is important to explain how those at the bottom of the economic pyramid, who are often neglected, use FinTech innovations to create and run informal businesses. Our findings and model explain the dynamics between logics, actors, and mobile money at three levels: regulatory, payments infrastructure, and informal economy. We identify three corresponding effects as outcomes of economic empowerment for informal businesses: greater access to start‐up capital, new employment opportunities, and improved financial management. By illustrating these effects, our study contributes to a better understanding of how FinTech innovations offer a possible pathway to economic empowerment for informal businesses.
Sensory plasticity in a socially plastic bee
Authors: Boulton Rebecca A. , Field Jeremy
Published: July 2022

The social Hymenoptera have contributed much to our understanding of the evolution of sensory systems. Attention has focussed chiefly on how sociality and sensory systems have evolved together. In the Hymenoptera, the antennal sensilla are important for optimizing the perception of olfactory social information. Social species have denser antennal sensilla than solitary species, which is thought to enhance social cohesion through nestmate recognition. In the current study, we test whether sensilla numbers vary between populations of the socially plastic sweat beeHalictus rubicundusfrom regions that vary in climate and the degree to which sociality is expressed. We found population differences in both olfactory and hygro/thermoreceptive sensilla numbers. We also found evidence that olfactory sensilla density is developmentally plastic: when we transplanted bees from Scotland to the south‐east of England, their offspring (which developed in the south) had more olfactory hairs than the transplanted individuals themselves (which developed in Scotland). The transplanted bees displayed a mix of social (a queen plus workers) and solitary nesting, but neither individual nor nest phenotype was related to sensilla density. We suggest that this general, rather than caste‐specific sensory plasticity provides a flexible means to optimize sensory perception according to the most pressing demands of the environment. Sensory plasticity may support social plasticity inH. rubicundusbut does not appear to be causally related to it.
Efficacy of various concentrations of synthetic hormones on the induced breeding of Channa marulius (Sole)
Authors: Nazir Sadia , Khan Noor , Azmat Hamda , Naveed Saima , Ramzan Malik Muhammad , Davies Simon J.
Published: July 2022

A study was conducted to determine the artificial breeding response, embryonic and larval development of giant snakehead, Channa marulius, with the application of various dosages of stimulatory hormones: Suprefact® (LHRH) agonist and Ovaprim® (GnRH + dopamine inhibitor). First and second hormonal dosages of Suprefact® (diluted) and Ovaprim® (0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 ml for male and 0.8, 0.9, and 1.0 ml for females per kilogram body weight) were used. There were three treatments T1, T2, and T3 and each treatment had three replicates. Male fish were treated with T1 (0.3), T2 (0.4), T3 (0.5) ml kg−1 of body weight while female fish with T1 (0.8), T2 (0.9), T3 (1.0) ml kg−1 of body weight. The results showed that fish stimulated with T3 (1.0) obtained better fecundity rate (2951.7) followed by T2 (0.4) (2678.3), while the lowest fecundity (466.7) was recorded in T1. The numerically higher values of gonado‐somatic index (males and females) and fertilization rate appeared in T2. The highest survival rate (97.1%) was found in T3 followed by T2 (97.0%), while the lowest (32.2%) in T1. In conclusion, the application of Suprefact® and Ovaprim® at 0.4 and 0.5 ml kg−1 body weight for male and 0.9 and 1.0 ml kg−1 for female fish successfully stimulated snakehead fish induced breeding.
Postnatal remodeling of the laryngeal airway removes body size dependency of spectral features for ultrasonic whistling in laboratory mice
Authors: Darwaiz T. , Pasch B. , Riede T.
Published: July 2022

In many mammals, spectral properties of acoustic signals scale with body size within and among species. In rodents, however, despite drastic changes in body size, fundamental frequency (F0) range of ultrasonic whistles produced for social communication remain relatively uniform from birth to adulthood. Such divergent patterns may be due to a novel sound production mechanism unique to rodents involving an intralaryngeal midline pocket termed the ventral pouch. In this study, we analyzed the postnatal shape and size of the laryngeal airway in CD1 mice over ontogeny to better understand the association between ventral pouch geometry and F0 of ultrasonic whistles. Ventral pouch volume (0.06 ± 0.01 mm3) did not differ between pups and 1‐year‐old adults despite extensive shape‐inducing remodeling of the intralaryngeal musculature and connective tissue. In contrast, ventral pouch volume was 50% less in 2‐year‐old compared to 1‐year‐old mice. Thus, allometry of the laryngeal airway appears to explain spectral overlap between ultrasonic whistles of young, small mice and older, larger mice. The causal association between the reduction in vocal behavior and a seemingly shrinking ventral pouch in geriatric mice remains unclear. Together, these data inform our understanding of the postnatal development and remodeling of the intralaryngeal airway inMus musculus.
Compositional and spectroscopic investigation of three ungrouped carbonaceous chondrites
Authors: Yesiltas Mehmet , Kebukawa Yoko , Glotch Timothy D. , Zolensky Michael , Fries Marc , Aysal Namik , Tukel Fatma S.
Published: July 2022

Ungrouped carbonaceous chondrites are not easily classified into one of the well‐established groups due to compositional/petrological differences and geochemical anomalies. Type 2 ungrouped carbonaceous chondrites represent a very small fraction of all carbonaceous chondrites. They can potentially represent different aspects of asteroids and their regolith material. By conducting a multitechnique investigation, we show that Queen Alexandra Range (QUE) 99038 and Elephant Moraine (EET) 83226 do not resemble type 2 carbonaceous chondrites. QUE 99038 exhibits coarse‐grained matrix, Fe‐rich rims on olivines, and an apparent lack of tochilinite, suggesting that QUE 99038 has been metamorphosed. Its polyaromatic organic matter structures closely resemble oxidized CV3 chondrites. EET 83226 exhibits a clastic texture with high porosity and shows similarities to CO3 chondrites. It consists of numerous large chondrules with fine‐grained rims that are often fragmented and discontinuous and set within matrix, suggesting a formation mechanism for the rims in a regolith environment. The kind of processes that can result in such chemical compositions as in QUE 99038 and EET 83226 is currently not fully known and clearly presents a conundrum. Tarda is a highly friable carbonaceous chondrite with close resemblance to Tagish Lake (ungrouped C2 chondrite). It comprises different types of chondrules (some with Fe‐rich rims), framboid magnetite, sulfides, carbonates, and phyllosilicate‐ and carbon‐rich matrix, and is consistent with being an ungrouped C2 chondrite.
Liability of shipowners and classification societies for environmental damage and unsafe working conditions at recycling yards
Authors: Glinski Carola
Published: July 2022

This article deals with two liability issues that are highly relevant for value chain responsibility in the maritime sector, in particular for safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships: liability of shipowners and ship managers for unsafe downstream value chains for end‐of‐life ships and liability of classification societies in their role under the Ship Recycling Regulation. After an introduction to the current regime of ship recycling and its shortcomings, the article first elaborates on recent developments in value chain responsibility before it presents liability as an important regulatory tool. It then analyses relevant recent case law, including by the Court of Justice of the European Union and by national courts in France, Germany and the United Kingdom, showing that liability risks for shipowners and classification organizations have increased significantly, which may have a positive impact on environmentally sound and safe ship recycling. The article concludes, however, that a clear legislative framework for liability would be preferable to avoid uncertainty and national differences.
Issue opacity and sustainability standard effectiveness
Authors: Wijen Frank , Flowers Mallory Elise
Published: July 2022

Many voluntary sustainability standards govern opaque environmental and social issues, which are difficult to understand and address. Extant studies show mixed evidence around the effectiveness of such standards. We develop a theoretical framework that relates different degrees and types of opacity to standard effectiveness. Systemic opacity results from issues embedded in complex, diverse, and dynamic settings, whereas behavioral opacity stems from human challenges in interpreting and acting upon focal issues. Rigid sustainability standards, oriented toward compliance, are effective for addressing issues that are transparent or enshrouded by behavioral opacity, but are counterproductive for issues with systemic opacity. The trade‐off between rigidity and flexibility leads to optimal effectiveness when standards governing systemically and behaviorally opaque issues are moderately rigid. Our ideas are illustrated with two leading sustainability standards in the fisheries and real estate sectors, which effectively address transparent issues but show limited success when facing opacity. We conclude that unpacking issue opacity is instrumental in designing and implementing more effective sustainability standards.
Travel mode classification based on GNSS trajectories and open geospatial data
Authors: Wu Hangbin , Jin Huiling , Xu Zeran , Liu Chun , Li Jian , Huang Wei
Published: July 2022

Accurate travel modes inferred from global navigation satellite system (GNSS) trajectory data can be instrumental to city development, such as travel planning and modeling and traffic flow prediction. With the advancement of mobile sensors, the Internet, and GNSS devices, massive GNSS trajectories have been recorded, laying a foundation for travel mode classification at a fine granular scale. However, the lack of discriminative features reduces the accuracy and robustness of travel mode classification. Thus, in this study, considering the relationship between trajectories and the surrounding transportation environment, a set of discriminative features extracted from geospatial data combined with various GNSS features generated from GNSS trajectories is proposed to better distinguish different travel modes. Based on this, we conduct a systematic comparison of a group of state‐of‐the‐art methods using GeoLife and OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, the results of which will provide guidance for properly selecting models for future travel mode classification‐related work. In addition, the comparison results show that adding GIS‐based domain expert features is robust in improving the classification accuracy of all classifiers in this study.
Leptin mediates the regulation of muscle mass and strength by adipose tissue
Authors: Collins Kelsey H. , Gui Chang , Ely Erica V. , Lenz Kristin L. , Harris Charles A. , Guilak Farshid , Meyer Gretchen A.
Published: July 2022

Adipose tissue secretes numerous cytokines (termed ‘adipokines’) that have known or hypothesized actions on skeletal muscle. The majority of adipokines have been implicated in the pathological link between excess adipose and muscle insulin resistance, but approximately half also have documented in vitro effects on myogenesis and/or hypertrophy. This complexity suggests a potential dual role for adipokines in the regulation of muscle mass in homeostasis and the development of pathology. In this study, we used lipodystrophic ‘fat‐free’ mice to demonstrate that adipose tissue is indeed necessary for the development of normal muscle mass and strength. Fat‐free mice had significantly reduced mass (∼15%) and peak contractile tension (∼20%) of fast‐twitch muscles, a slowing of contractile dynamics and decreased cross‐sectional area of fast twitch fibres compared to wild‐type littermates. These deficits in mass and contractile tension were fully rescued by reconstitution of ∼10% of normal adipose mass, indicating that this phenotype is the direct consequence of absent adipose. We then showed that the rescue is solely mediated by the adipokine leptin, as similar reconstitution of adipose from leptin‐knockout mice fails to rescue mass or strength. Together, these data indicate that the development of muscle mass and strength in wild‐type mice is dependent on adipose‐secreted leptin. This finding extends our current understanding of the multiple roles of adipokines in physiology as well as disease pathophysiology to include a critical role for the adipokine leptin in muscle homeostasis.

image

Key points

Adipose‐derived cytokines (adipokines) have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in obesity but likely have other under‐appreciated roles in muscle physiology.

Here we use a fat‐free mouse to show that adipose tissue is necessary for the normal development of muscle mass and strength.

Through add‐back of genetically modified adipose tissue we show that leptin is the key adipokine mediating this regulation.

This expands our understanding of leptin's role in adipose–muscle signalling to include development and homeostasis and adds the surprising finding that leptin is the sole mediator of the maintenance of muscle mass and strength by adipose tissue.
Tiempo útil del botón de gastrostomía de retenedor elástico vs tubo de gastrostomía con retenedor inflable en niños. Experimento clínico aleatorizado
Authors:   , Salamanca Gallo Edgar
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: Determinar el tiempo útil y la seguridad de dos tipos de dispositivos de gastrostomía (botones de poliuretano con retenedor elástico y sondas de silicona con retenedor de balón), en niños. Diseño: Experimento clínico aleatorizado. Lugar: Fundación Cardioinfantil IC, Hospital Santa Clara de Bogotá, Cínica Infantil Colsubsidio. Población: Niños menores de 18 años con gastrostomía con más de tres meses de haber sido realizada. Intervenciones:
Prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular y disfunción endotelial en pacientes con espondiloartritis
Authors:   , Jaimes Fernández Diego Alejandro
Published: July 2022

Estimar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular y disfunción endotelial en un grupo de pacientes con diagnóstico de Espondiloartritis (EAS), con la prevalencia en pacientes con artritis Reumatoide (AR). Se identificaron características demográficas y realizaron medidas antropométricas incluyendo edad, genero, presión arterial, talla peso y perímetro abdominal así como la toma de sangre venosa para procesamiento de perfil lipídico glicemia y reactantes de fase aguda. Se indagó por antecedentes de dislipidemia e hipertensión arterial. Se planeó la realización de una prueba no invasiva de disfunción endotelial la cual no pudo ser realizada debido a limitaciones técnicas.
Factores asociados a la asistencia de las mujeres embarazadas a la consulta odontológica : Hospital de Engativá (E.S.E II nivel)
Authors:   , Díaz Quijano Diana Marcela
Published: July 2022

Determinar la prevalencia de asistencia a la consulta odontológica durante el embarazo de las mujeres que asisten al primer control neonatal y que tuvieron su parto en el hospital de Engativá durante los años 2011 y 2012.
Análisis costo-utilidad del manejo integral de las pacientes con carcinoma de seno tratadas con reconstrucción de seno inmediata vs. Diferida en Colombia
Authors:   , Perea Bello Ana Helena
Published: July 2022

Introducción: La reconstrucción mamaria inmediata o diferida- es parte del tratamiento integral del cáncer de seno. Cada país y sistema de salud costea, lleva a cabo y evalúa estos procedimientos de forma diferente. Son pocos los estudios de costo-utilidad que se encuentran en la literatura mundial. Es importante determinar si esta estrategia terapéutica resulta costo-útil en Colombia. Objetivo: Evaluar la costo-utilidad para Colombia del tratamiento integral del cáncer mamario temprano con reconstrucción mamaria inmediata, comparado con reconstrucción mamaria diferida. Metodología: Se construyó un modelo de árbol de decisiones, horizonte temporal de un año, desde la perspectiva del tercero pagador, con datos de costos del Manual del Instituto de Seguros Sociales 2001+ ajuste de 30% según metodología propuesta por el Instituto de Evaluación Tecnológica en Salud y modelo de facturación del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio - Centro Javeriano de Oncología. Los datos de probabilidades de transición y utilidades fueron obtenidos de médicos especialistas, pacientes y literatura médica. Se hicieron análisis de sensibilidad univariado y probabilístico. Resultados: Los costos esperados por paciente son COP $26.710.605 (USD$ 11.165) y COP $26.459.557 (USD$ 11.060) para la reconstrucción inmediata y diferida, respectivamente. En comparación con la reconstrucción diferida, la reconstrucción mamaria inmediata, genera un costo incremental de COP $251.049 (USD$ 105). El tratamiento integral con reconstrucción mamaria inmediata genera 0,75 AVACs, mientras la diferida genera 0,63 AVACs, con una RCUI de COP $2.154.675 por AVAC (USD$ 901). Conclusiones: El costo por AVAC ganado no supera el umbral de aceptabilidad sugerido de tres (3) PIB per cápita, sin importar si la reconstrucción se hace de forma inmediata o diferida. Los costos durante el primer año de la reconstrucción mamaria son similares, pero la utilidad percibida por pacientes y según la literatura es mayor cuando se hace reconstrucción inmediata. La decisión quirúrgica, debe ser tomada por una paciente adecuadamente informada.
Estimación de la carga de enfermedad cerebrovascular para Colombia en el año 2014
Authors:   , Chirveches Calvache María Alejandra
Published: July 2022

Introducción: La enfermedad cerebrovascular (ECV) fue la tercera causa de mortalidad en nuestro país, después de la violencia y las enfermedades coronarias, en 2010. Los sobrevivientes de ECV presentan secuelas posteriores al evento, generando gran discapacidad y altos gastos para el sistema de salud, y para sus familias. Estimar la carga de ECV para Colombia ayuda a generar indicadores clave para la toma de decisiones y priorización de planes y estrategias en salud pública, para disminuir la mortalidad, morbilidad y costos que este grupo de enfermedades genera a nuestro sistema de salud. Objetivo: Estimar la carga de ECV para Colombia, medida en años de vida ajustados por discapacidad (AVAD o DALY) a partir de su incidencia, morbilidad y mortalidad durante el año 2014. Metodología: Siguiendo la aproximación del GBD 2010 con su nueva metodología, se estimaran los años de vida perdidos por muerte prematura (AVPM), años de vida perdidos por discapacidad (AVPD) y AVAD, empleando las tablas de expectativa de vida 2010, sin aplicar tasa de descuento (r = 0) o ponderación por edad. Se realizó un análisis de escenarios empleando la metodología planteada en el año 1990 para evaluar el efecto de los parámetros de la estimación. Resultados: Se obtuvo la tasa de incidencia por ECV (1,31/1.000) para Colombia durante 2014 distribuida por sexo, por edad y distribución geográfica. Se estimaron AVAD, AVPM, AVPD de 2009 a 2014. Para 2014 se estimaron las tasas de AVAD (14), AVPM (7,1) y AVPD (6,9) por 1.000 habitantes, adicionalmente se aplicaron variaciones de parámetros para estimar AVAD AVPM y AVPD por otras metodologías. Conclusiones: Las estimaciones de incidencia, mortalidad, prevalencia de discapacidad por ECV, AVPM, AVPD y AVAD por ECV, presentan una direccionalidad similar a la de publicaciones y estimaciones internacionales mostrando que la ECV representa una causa importante de discapacidad y mortalidad para Colombia generando una alta carga de enfermedad.
Simulación clínica en reumatología : efecto de una intervención educativa basada en simulación clínica en el diagnóstico de artritis reumatoide y artrosis por parte de médicos generales, un experimento clínico aleatorizado
Authors:   , Fernández Ávila Daniel Gerardo
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de una herramienta educativa para médicos generales basada en simulación clínica reumatológica, para el diagnóstico de artritis reumatoide y artrosis. Diseño: experimento clínico aleatorizado. Lugar: Bogotá, Colombia. Población: Médicos generales de consulta externa. Intervención: Los sujetos de investigación fueron asignados a uno de dos grupos: a) grupo experimental: intervención educativa en artritis reumatoide con simulación clínica, b) grupo control: intervención educativa sobre aspectos básicos de diagnóstico y tratamiento de osteoporosis. Medición: Cuatro semanas después de la intervención educativa, los integrantes de los dos grupos enfrentaron un proceso evaluativo que incluyó cuatro casos clínicos con pacientes reales (dos pacientes con artritis reumatoide y dos pacientes con artrosis), dos casos clínicos con dos modelos de simulación clínica (un caso de artritis reumatoide y un caso de artrosis) y seis casos clínicos virtuales (tres casos de artritis reumatoide y tres casos de artrosis), en los cuales los participantes anotaron los hallazgos semiológicos detectados, establecieron un diagnóstico y definieron los paraclínicos que solicitarían, si era el caso, para corroborar su diagnóstico Resultados: 160 médicos (80 para el grupo de intervención educativa activa en artritis reumatoide y 80 para el grupo control),89 eran mujeres (56%). Edad promedio 35,0 años (desviación estándar 7,7 años). Se definió como éxito cuando el médico diagnosticara en forma correcta a por lo menos 10 de los 12 casos que se le presentaron, se encontró una diferencia de 81,3% (Intervalo de Confianza del 95% 72-90%) en éxitos a favor del grupo activo (88,8% vs 7,5%) diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p=menor que 0,001). Se encontró un mayor número de aciertos en la detección de los hallazgos semiológicos en el grupo activo comparado con el control (valor de p menor que 0.001) Conclusiones: El presente estudio mostró la efectividad de una intervención educativa basada en simulación clínica para mejorar el abordaje diagnóstico en artritis reumatoide y artrosis, creándose un nuevo horizonte en la enseñanza de la reumatología moderna, lo cual redundará en un beneficio para los pacientes, y en una mejora de la calidad y el empleo de recursos del sistema de salud.
Democratizar el museo en Latinoamérica. ¿Qué ha sucedido en los museos latinoamericanos en las primeras dos décadas del siglo XXI?
Authors: Panozzo Zenere Alejandra
Published: July 2022

En este artículo se interrogan las implicaciones sobre la democratización del museo en el continente latinoamericano en las primeras dos décadas del s. XXI. Se revisan formulaciones ya instaladas en el campo disciplinar para marcar ciertos matices y fisuras que comienzan a ser perceptibles con mayor insistencia en la actualidad. El objetivo que guía este recorrido consiste, entonces, en analizar diferentes aspectos positivos y negativos de la puesta en ejecución de modalidades y modelos de trabajo de base comunitaria que implican una dinámica museística con y desde otros. Para ello, se propone articular un conjunto de producciones ancladas en la museología, las lecturas decoloniales y los estudios culturales con distintas manifestaciones contemporáneas que se presentan a lo largo del continente a fin de acercarnos a la complejidad que amerita este tipo de revisionismos.
Tensiones entre patrimonialización y cotidianidad de los cafeteros, dilemas para la preservación y gestión sociocultural del paisaje cultural del Quindío, Colombia
Authors: Duis Urte
Published: July 2022

Desde las aproximaciones teórico-conceptuales y los estudios fenomenológico-interpretativos, este texto, resultado de una investigación de maestría, resalta las relaciones socioculturales e históricas que tejen los habitantes en el espacio, significando y resignificando su patrimonio en la cotidianidad. En este sentido, el paisaje y el patrimonio son productos culturales en permanente evolución y, por tanto, los tradicionales procedimientos de patrimonialización basados en elementos simbólicos del pasado ponen en riesgo la sostenibilidad sociocultural del paisaje patrimonial por no integrar a sus habitantes. En consecuencia, la gestión sociocultural en la actualidad requiere una reflexión profunda sobre las condiciones y necesidades sociales, estéticas, culturales, sociales y funcionales de los habitantes rurales del Paisaje Cultural Cafetero de Colombia (PCCC), ya que son sus valores, usos y prácticas los que lo crearon y sustentaron. Su sostenibilidad depende, en este sentido, de la capacidad del colectivo para forjar acciones hacia la conservación del paisaje cotidiano. En este marco es importante dar una mirada a la evolución de los conceptos que hoy día integran múltiples miradas e interpretaciones.
Aproximación metodológica para la innovación y transformación digital de los procesos de negocio. Un caso de estudio
Authors: Aguirre Mayorga Hugo Santiago
Published: July 2022

Los procesos de negocio son la columna vertebral de cualquier organización y su innovación es uno de factores críticos para lograr los objetivos de la transformación digital. Existen diferentes enfoques metodológicos para la mejora de procesos como son la reingeniería, lean, seis sigma, los cuales inicialmente no fueron desarrollados para soportar la transformación digital de los procesos. En este artículo se propone una aproximación metodológica para la innovación y transformación digital de los procesos que consta de cuatro fases: alineación estratégica, diagnóstico y análisis del estado actual, innovación del proceso y transformación digital del proceso. En cada fase se proponen actividades y herramientas que tienen como base los enfoques BPM (Business Process Management) y design thinking, combinadas con otras desarrolladas por el autor. Esta metodología se aplica en un caso de estudio para la innovación de un proceso de una compañía del sector eléctrico en Colombia.
First report of Ornithodoros puertoricensis (Argasidae) and Amblyomma dissimile (Ixodidae) on Tamandua mexicana (Myrmecophagidae)
Authors: Rodriguez Miguel Mateo , Oviedo Angel , S. Flores Fernando , R. Castro Lyda
Published: July 2022

N/A
Gliotoxin, an Immunosuppressive Fungal Metabolite, Primes Plant Immunity: Evidence from
Trichoderma virens
-Tomato Interaction
Authors: Zaid Rinat , Koren Roni , Kligun Efrat , Gupta Rupali , Leibman-Markus Meirav , Mukherjee Prasun K. , Kenerley Charles M. , Bar Maya , Horwitz Benjamin A.
Published: July 2022

A single fungal metabolite induces far-reaching transcriptomic reprogramming in the plant, priming immune responses and defense, in contrast to its immunosuppressive effect on animal cells. While the negative effects of gliotoxin-producing
Trichoderma
strains on growth may be observed only under a particular set of laboratory conditions, gliotoxin-linked molecular patterns, including the potential for limited cell death, could strongly prime plant defense, even in mature soil-grown plants in which the same
Trichoderma
strain promotes growth.
The Unfolded-Protein Response Triggers the Arthropod Immune Deficiency Pathway
Authors: Sidak-Loftis Lindsay C. , Rosche Kristin L. , Pence Natasha , Ujczo Jessica K. , Hurtado Joanna , Fisk Elis A. , Goodman Alan G. , Noh Susan M. , Peters John W. , Shaw Dana K.
Published: July 2022

The ability of an arthropod to harbor and transmit pathogens is termed “vector competency.” Many factors influence vector competency, including how arthropod immune processes respond to the microbe. Divergences in innate immunity between arthropods are increasingly being reported.
Genome Sequence of a Potent Biosurfactant-Producing Bacterium,
Franconibacter
sp. Strain IITDAS19
Authors: Sharma Jyoti , Kalakoti Yogesh , Srivastava Preeti , Sundar Durai
Published: July 2022

Here, we report the whole-genome sequence of
Franconibacter
sp. strain IITDAS19, a potent biosurfactant-producing bacterium that was isolated from oil-contaminated soil. The sequence provided information on the genes and enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of the biosurfactant.
Genome Sequences of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype A and O Strains Obtained from Subclinically Infected Asian Buffalo
(Bubalus bubalis)
in Pakistan
Authors: Stenfeldt Carolina , Bertram Miranda , Holinka-Patterson Lauren , Fish Ian , Farooq Umer , Ahmed Zaheer , Hartwig Ethan J. , Smoliga George R. , Naeem Khalid , Rodriguez Luis , Arzt Jonathan
Published: July 2022

We report the nearly full genome sequences of 14 isolates of serotype A foot-and-mouth disease virus and 5 isolates of serotype O, which were obtained from subclinically infected Asian buffalo in Pakistan in 2011 to 2012. Sequences from subclinically infected animals are rare and complement the more commonly available sequences from clinical cases.
Physical transport of magmatic sulfides promotes copper enrichment in hydrothermal ore fluids
Authors: Heinrich Christoph A. , Connolly James A.D.
Published: July 2022

Loss of magmatic sulfides to the mantle is posited to explain the copper deficit of evolved arc magmas and the depleted Cu/Ag ratio of the continental crust. We address the question of whether saturating sulfides may instead be mechanically entrained with rising magmas, and how this would affect their geochemical fate in the upper crust. Entrainment is plausible considering sulfide wetting properties and settling velocities relative to magma ascent velocities. Entrained sulfide increases the pressure at which magmas become saturated with respect to H-O-S fluids in the upper crust by 10–100 MPa, with the pressure difference increasing with temperature, water content, and oxidation. Bubbles are likely to nucleate on sulfide particles, allowing transfer of S and Cu from the sulfide to the fluid over a small crystallization interval without limitations by diffusion through the silicate melt. This sequence of processes gives magmatic sulfides an active role in ore metal transport and enrichment to form porphyry copper deposits, and may have global implications for crustal Cu budgets.
Prevention and management of minor complications in percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
Authors: Boeykens Kurt , Duysburgh Ivo , Verlinden Wim
Published: July 2022

Background

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) was developed by Ponsky-Gauderer in the early 1980s. These tubes are placed through the abdominal wall mainly to administer fluids, drugs and/or enteral nutrition but can also be used for drainage or decompression. The tubes consist of an internal and external retention device. It is a generally safe technique but major or minor complications may arise during and after tube placement.

Method

A narrative review of the literature investigating minor complications after PEG placement.

Results

This review was written from a clinical viewpoint focusing on prevention and management of minor complications and documented with real cases from more than 21 years of clinical practice.

Conclusions

Depending on the literature the incidence of minor complications after gastrostomy placement can be high. To decrease associated morbidity, prevention, early recognition and popper management of these complications are important.
Brief intervention to reduce fatigue impact in patients with inflammatory arthritis: design and outcomes of a single-arm feasibility study
Authors: Dures Emma , Bridgewater Susan , Abbott Bryan , Adams Jo , Berry Alice , McCracken Lance M , Creanor Siobhan , Hewlett Sarah , Lomax Joe , Ndosi Mwidimi , Thorn Joanna , Urban Marie , Ewings Paul
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Patients with inflammatory arthritis report that fatigue is challenging to manage. We developed a manualised, one-to-one, cognitive–behavioural intervention, delivered by rheumatology health professionals (RHPs). The Fatigue - Reducing its Effects through individualised support Episodes in Inflammatory Arthritis (FREE-IA) study tested the feasibility of RHP training, intervention delivery and outcome collection ahead of a potential trial of clinical and cost-effectiveness.

Methods

In this single-arm feasibility study, eligible patients were ≥18 years, had a clinician-confirmed diagnosis of an inflammatory arthritis and scored ≥6/10 on the Bristol Rheumatoid Arthritis Fatigue (BRAF) Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Fatigue Effect. Following training, RHPs delivered two to four sessions to participants. Baseline data were collected before the first session (T0) and outcomes at 6 weeks (T1) and 6 months (T2). The proposed primary outcome was fatigue impact (BRAF NRS Fatigue Effect). Secondary outcomes included fatigue severity and coping, disease impact and disability, and measures of therapeutic mechanism (self-efficacy and confidence to manage health).

Results

Eight RHPs at five hospitals delivered 113 sessions to 46 participants. Of a potential 138 primary and secondary outcome responses at T0, T1 and T2, there were 13 (9.4%) and 27 (19.6%) missing primary and secondary outcome responses, respectively. Results indicated improvements in all measures except disability, at either T1 or T2, or both.

Conclusions

This study showed it was feasible to deliver the intervention, including training RHPs, and recruit and follow-up participants with high retention. While there was no control group, observed within-group improvements suggest potential promise of the intervention and support for a definitive trial to test effectiveness.
COVID-19 outbreak rates and infection attack rates associated with the workplace: a descriptive epidemiological study
Authors: Chen Yiqun , Aldridge Timothy , Ferraro Claire , Khaw Fu-Meng
Published: July 2022

Objectives

A large number of COVID-19 outbreaks/clusters have been reported in a variety of workplace settings since the start of the pandemic but the rate of outbreak occurrence in the workplace has not previously been assessed. The objectives of this paper are to identify the geographical areas and industrial sectors with a high rate of outbreaks of COVID-19 and to compare infection attack rates by enterprise size and sector in England.

Methods

Public Health England (PHE) HPZone data on COVID-19 outbreaks in workplaces, between 18 May and 12 October 2020, were analysed. The workplace outbreak rates by region and sector were calculated, using National Population Database (NPD) with the total number of workplaces as the denominator. The infection attack rates were calculated by enterprise size and sector using PHE Situations of Interest data with the number of test-confirmed COVID-19 cases in a workplace outbreak as the numerator and using NPD data with the number employed in that workplace as the denominator.

Results

The highest attack rate was for outbreaks in close contact services (median 16.5%), followed by outbreaks in restaurants and catering (median 10.2%), and in manufacturers and packers of non-food products (median 6.7%). The overall outbreak rate was 66 per 100 000 workplaces. Of the nine English regions, the North West had the highest workplace outbreak rate (155 per 100 000 workplaces). Of the industrial sectors, manufacturers and packers of food had the highest outbreak rate (1672 per 100 000), which was consistent across seven of the regions. In addition, high outbreak rates in warehouses were observed in the East Midlands and the North West.

Conclusions

Early identification of geographical regions and industrial sectors with higher rates of COVID-19 workplace outbreaks can inform interventions to limit transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
Moral and exhausting distress working in the frontline of COVID-19: a Swedish survey during the first wave in four healthcare settings
Authors: Svantesson Mia , Durnell Linda , Hammarström Erik , Jarl Gustav , Sandman Lars
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To describe the prevalence and sources of experienced moral stress and anxiety by Swedish frontline healthcare staff in the early phase of COVID-19.

Design

Cross-sectional survey, quantitative and qualitative.

Participants and setting

1074 healthcare professionals (75% nurses) in intensive, ward-based, primary and municipal care in one Swedish county.

Measures

A study-specific closed-ended and an open-ended questionnaire about moral stress and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale measuring anxiety, followed by an open question about anxiety.

Findings

Moral stress was experienced by 52% of respondents and anxiety by 40%. Moral stress in concern for others attributed to institutional constraints comprised experiences of being deprived of possibilities to respond to humane and professional responsibility. Staff experienced being restricted in fulfilling patients’ and families’ need for closeness and security as well as being compelled to provide substandard and inhumane care. Uncertainty about right and good, without blame, was also described. However, a burdensome guilt also emerged as a moral distress, blaming oneself. This comprised feeling complicit in the spread of COVID-19, inadequacy in care and carrying patients’ suffering. Staff also experienced an exhausting distress as a self-concern in an uncontrollable work situation. This comprised a taxing insecurity by being in limbo, being alone and fear of failing, despair of being deprived control by not being heard; unable to influence; distrusting management; as well as an excessive workload.

Conclusions

We have not only contributed with knowledge about experiences of being in the frontline of COVID-19, but also with an understanding of a demarcation between moral stress/distress as a concern for patients and family, and exhausting distress in work situation as self-concern. A lesson for management is that ethics support should first include acknowledgement of self-concern and mitigation of guilt before any structured ethical reflection. Preventive measures for major events should focus on connectedness between all parties concerned, preventing inhumane care and burn-out.
Post-COVID pain and quality of life in COVID-19 patients: protocol for a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Miao Mengrong , Xu Yongxing , Yang Yitian , Li Pule , Jia Mengqi , Wen Zhaoyu , Yu Mengmeng , Zhang Jiaqiang , Gu Jianwen
Published: July 2022

Introduction

During the COVID-19 pandemic, approximately 10%–35% of COVID-19 infected patients experience post-COVID sequela. Among these sequelae, pain symptoms should not be neglected. In addition, the sequelae of COVID-19 also decrease the quality of life of these populations. However, meta-analyses that systematically evaluated post-COVID pain are sparse.

Methods and analysis

A comprehensive screening will be performed by searching MEDLINE and Embase without language restriction from inception to August 2021. Cohort studies, case–control studies, cross-sectional studies and case series will be included. Case report and interventional studies will be excluded. Studies with less than 20 participants will be also excluded. We aim to investigate the prevalence of pain-related symptoms in patients after the acute phase of COVID-19. The impact of COVID-19 on the quality of life and pain symptoms among these populations in the post-acute phase will also be evaluated. ROBINS-I tool will be used to assess the risk of bias of cohort studies. The risk of bias tool developed by Hoy et al will be used to assess the risk of bias of prevalence studies. Metaprop command in Stata will be used to estimate the pooled prevalence of pain symptoms. DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models will be used to calculate the pooled relative risks. All analyses will be calculated using Stata software (V.15.0; StataCorp)

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval is not required. Results of our study will be submitted to a peer-review journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021272800.