bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Asian rock-dwelling antlions Gatzara Navás, 1915 and Nepsalus Navás, 1914 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae): new advancements in systematics, biogeography and life history
Authors: Zheng Yuchen , Tu Yuezheng , Mai Zuqi , Badano Davide , Liu Xingyue
Published: June 2024

The antlion genera Gatzara and Nepsalus (Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae) inhabit mountain forests and are characterised by camouflaging larvae. Both genera remain poorly known despite recent findings on systematics and distribution. We report the discovery of new specimens and the previously unknown larvae of the rare species Gatzara jubilaea Navás, 1915, Nepsalus insolitus (Walker, 1860) and N. decorosus (Yang, 1988). These provide new evidence regarding the affinities of these species, and updated knowledge of the distribution, larval morphology and biology. Moreover, a new species of Nepsalus, N. maclachlani Badano, Zheng & Liu, sp. nov. is described from Sri Lanka based on historical museum collections. The discovery of the immature stages of Gatzara shows that the larvae of this genus share the same specialised ecological characteristics and habits as those of Nepsalus but are less morphologically derived. We also reconstruct a molecular phylogeny of this lineage, estimating the divergence time and biogeographical history by adding the new samples. The evolution of the Gatzara + Nepsalus lineage is associated with two major mountain ranges on the southern Tibetan Plateau, i.e. the Himalayas and the Hengduan Mountains. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:68E68211-DFC1-4D98-997B-8A23BA8F9B69
Frequency, Dispersion, Association, and Keyness
Authors: Gries Stefan Th.
Published: June 2024

This book is an attempt to revisit the main specifically corpus-linguistic statistics/measures the field has been relying on for decades: frequency, dispersion, association, and keyness. The book first discusses the purpose of these measures and how they have been measured. Then, the book makes three main proposals: First, that many measures of dispersion, association, and keyness are too confounded with frequency and how to 'take frequency out of them' to obtain conceptually cleaner and more interpretable measures. Second, that many existing measures can be replaced by the simple information-theoretic measure of the Kullback-Leibler divergence and that it, too, can have frequency 'removed' from it. Third, that corpus linguistics should abandon the tradition of trying to describe its findings with a single number and adopt a tupleization approach instead, where we use several separate dimensions of information for description and interpretation. The book is written in an informal, hands-on style and comes with its own R package featuring functions, example data, and several thousand lines of code exemplifying all applications.
Impact of Quantum Coherence on Inelastic Thermoelectric Devices: From Diode to Transistor
Authors: Cao 曹 Bei 蓓 , Han 韩 Chongze 崇泽 , Hao 郝 Xiang 翔 , Wang 王 Chen 晨 , Lu 陆 Jincheng 金成
Published: June 2024

We present a study on inelastic thermoelectric devices, wherein charge currents and electronic and phononic heat currents are intricately interconnected. The employment of double quantum dots in conjunction with a phonon reservoir positions them as promising candidates for quantum thermoelectric diodes and transistors. We illustrate that quantum coherence yields significant charge and Seebeck rectification effects. It is worth noting that, while the thermal transistor effect is observable in the linear response regime, especially when phonon-assisted inelastic processes dominate the transport, quantum coherence does not enhance thermal amplification. Our work may provide valuable insights for the optimization of inelastic thermoelectric devices.
Study on the effects of medium-low pressure and oxygen concentration on positive streamer based on a two-dimensional fluid model
Authors: Chen Minxin , Yang Zefeng , Wei Wenfu , Wu Jian
Published: June 2024

We studied positive streamers with a 5 mm gap under 20–101 kPa pressure and 1%–31% O2 concentrations conditions using a 2D axisymmetric fluid model based on local field approximation. As the pressure decreases from 101 kPa to 20 kPa, the axial reduced electric field, the mean electron energy and the electron diffusion coefficient increase, which leads to the acceleration of the streamer propagation velocity and the increase of the streamer channel radius. The opposite change of ionization cross section and gas molecular density caused by the decrease of pressure leads to the non-monotonic change of the peak of net ionization rate. At medium-low pressure, there is a wider ionization region at the streamer head. As the O2 concentration decreases from 31% to 1% in N2/O2, the streamer propagation velocity decreases. When the O2 concentration drops to 1%, the streamer velocity decreases with a descent gradient of nearly 4 times, compared to 11% O2. Based on the space charge effect and chemical reaction rate, a possible mechanism is proposed to explain the abrupt change in the streamer velocity.
Magnetic parity violation and parity-time-reversal-symmetric magnets
Authors: Watanabe Hikaru , Yanase Youichi
Published: June 2024

Parity-time-reversal symmetry (

PT

symmetry), a symmetry for the combined operations of space inversion (

P

) and time reversal (

T

), is a fundamental concept of physics and characterizes the functionality of materials as well as

P

and

T

symmetries. In particular, the

PT

-symmetric systems can be found in the centrosymmetric crystals undergoing the parity-violating magnetic order which we call the odd-parity magnetic multipole order. While this spontaneous order leaves

PT

symmetry intact, the simultaneous violation of

P

and

T

symmetries gives rise to various emergent responses that are qualitatively different from those allowed by the nonmagnetic

P

-symmetry breaking or by the ferromagnetic order. In this review, we introduce candidates hosting the intriguing spontaneous order and overview the characteristic physical responses. Various off-diagonal and/or nonreciprocal responses are identified, which are closely related to the unusual electronic structures such as hidden spin-momentum locking and asymmetric band dispersion.
Reversible negative compressibility metamaterials inspired by Braess’s Paradox
Authors: Zha Jinmeng , Zhang Zhen
Published: June 2024

Negative compressibility metamaterials have attracted significant attention due to their distinctive properties and promising applications. Negative compressibility has been interpreted in two ways. Regarding the negative compressibility induced by a uniaxial load, it can only occur abruptly when the load reaches a certain threshold. Hence, it can be termed as transient negative compressibility. However, fabrication and experiments of such metamaterials have rarely been reported. Herein, we demonstrate them. Inspired by Braess’s paradox, a novel mechanical model is proposed with reversible negative compressibility. It shows multiple types of force responses during a loading-unloading cycle, including transient negative compressibility and hysteresis. Phase diagrams are employed to visualize the relationship between force responses and system parameters. Besides, explicit expressions for the conditions and intensity of negative compressibility are obtained for design and optimization. The model replacement method inspired by compliant mechanism design is then introduced to derive specific unit cell structures, thus avoiding intuition-based approaches. Additive manufacturing technology is utilized to fabricate the prototypes, and negative compressibility is validated via simulations and experiments. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that metamaterials with transient negative compressibility can be activated through electrical heating and can function as actuators, thereby possessing machine-like properties. The proposed mechanical metamaterial and the introduced design methodology have potentials to impact micro-electromechanical systems, force sensors, protective devices, and other applications.
Rotating effects on the photoionization cross-section of a 2D quantum ring
Authors: Pereira Carlos Magno O , Azevedo Frankbelson dos S , Pereira Luís Fernando C , Silva Edilberto O
Published: June 2024

In this article, we investigate the nonrelativistic quantum motion of a charged particle within a rotating frame, taking into account the Aharonov–Bohm (AB) effect and a uniform magnetic field. Our analysis entails the derivation of the equation of motion and the corresponding radial equation to describe the system. Solving the resulting radial equation enables us to determine the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, providing a clear expression for the energy levels. Furthermore, our numerical analysis highlights the substantial influence of rotation on both energy levels and optical properties. Specifically, we evaluate the photoionization cross-section with and without the effects of rotation. To elucidate the impact of rotation on the photoionization process of the system, we present graphics that offer an appealing visualization of the intrinsic nature of the physics involved.
Molten fluoride salt-assisted synthesis of titanium carbide (Ti2C) MXene and its application for 2 µm mode-locking in a thulium-doped fiber laser
Authors: Ahmad Harith , Kamely Aizuddin Ahmad , Samion Muhamad Zharif , Nizamani Bilal , Reduan Siti Aisyah , Thambiratnam Kavintheran
Published: June 2024

Titanium carbide (Ti2C), a new two-dimensional material named MXenes, has attracted interest due to its potential applications in numerous fields. Of the many unique characteristics of Ti2C MXene, its nonlinear properties are attractive for optoelectronic applications, specifically for ultrafast laser generation. In this work, a Ti2C MXene was fabricated by etching a MAX phase precursor titanium aluminum carbide (Ti2AlC) using a mixture of lithium fluoride and hydrochloric acid, eliminating the risk of using the harmful hydrofluoric acid. The Ti2C MXene was prepared in solution form and then dropped onto a reduced core diameter of tapered fiber before being used as a saturable absorber (SA). The SA device was inserted into a thulium-doped fiber laser to generate stable mode-locked pulses at a center wavelength of 1951 nm with a pulse width of 1.67 ps. The mode-locked laser was highly stable when tested over time, with peak optical power fluctuations of as little as 0.005 dB measured. The results show that the Ti2C MXene exhibit outstanding performance for ultrafast laser generation.
Radiation induced non-linear oscillations in ITER baseline scenario plasmas in DIII-D
Authors: Turco F. , Luce T.C. , Osborne T. , Odstrcil T. , Hanson J.M. , McLean A. , Hyatt A.
Published: June 2024

This work shows how the radiation brought about by metals or metal-equivalent radiators such as Kr and Xe produces non-linear dynamics on otherwise stationaryβNflattops of DIII-D ITER Baseline Scenario demonstration discharges. The Kr and Xe gases are used to reproduce the radiative loss rates of W in present machines that operate at core temperatures much lower than the expected ITER temperature. Experiments on DIII-D with injection of Kr and Xe, as well as with sources of intrinsic metals reach the range of radiated fraction values expected in the ITER core and experience slow oscillations in temperature and radiated power. In many cases of high radiated fraction, the core temperature decreases enough for the safety factor profile to rise above the 1/1 rational surface, naturally eliminating sawteeth and occasionally producing a persistent helical core. The oscillations can be reproduced by a modified Lotka–Volterra system for temperature and radiated fraction if diffusion and noise are included, which indicates that the interplay between temperature and radiation can be the main cause of the cyclic nature of the system. A new physics based model which includes equations for temperature, density and input power can also reproduce the oscillations observed in the experiments. The present results suggest that the non-linearity of the system can be increased by the inclusion of the inherently non-linear alpha heating term, which is proportional to ∼ne2Ti2, and obtains oscillations in the model when added to an otherwise more stationary system.
Microwave reflective properties of core-shell FeNX@C/Fe4N composite
Authors: Li Yongqing , Zheng Changkuan , Wang Qun
Published: June 2024

To improve the electromagnetic properties of iron nitride, the core-shell FeNX@C/Fe4N composite material was designed by microwave plasma technique. Within the frequency range of 2-18 GHz, the microwave reflective characteristics of the novel composites mixed with 50% wax were examined. The composition of the core-shell FeNX@C was analyzed by XRD, Raman, and TEM, and the complex permeability and complex permittivity with frequency change were discussed. The results show that the RLmin value (RLmin=-55.1 dB) of FeNx@C/Fe4N composite appears at 17.8 GHz with a thickness of 1.5 mm, and the RLmin value reaches -42.1 dB at the thickness of 3.5 mm corresponding to 6.6 GHz. This work demonstrates the potential prospects for the application of microwave absorbers in the range of 2-18 GHz.
Study on preparation and properties of reversible discoloration coatings for transformer bushing temperature detection
Authors: Wang Wanwei , Liu Guanke , Dai Xiliang , Zhong Rongfu , Liu Zehuai
Published: June 2024

Influenced by seasonal fluctuation and stringent operation requirements of transformer bushing, overheating often occurs. In order to detect the heating phenomenon, the reversible discoloration coating is prepared and its characteristics are investigated. The result shows that as the temperature increases, the color-changing material changes obviously from blue to colorless. With the increase of bisphenol A (BPA), the sample color is gradually deepened. With the rise of octadecyl alcohol, the color gradually becomes lighter, and the change range is smaller than BPA. By SEM images and laser particle size images of color-changing material, the size distribution of microcapsules is relatively concentrated and the dispersion is great. The color change temperature of reversible discoloration coating ranges from 48°C to 58°C. The discoloration is obvious. It is distributed that the reversible discoloration coating is thermally stable by the DSC test. As a result, a reference for the temperature detection of transformer high-voltage bushing is provided.
Phase composition, microstructure, and microwave dielectric properties of Mg1-
x(Li0.5Y0.5)xMoxW1-
xO4 ceramics with low sintering temperatures
Authors: Rao Sijing
Published: June 2024

Generally, doping is an effective method to improve the microwave dielectric properties and regulate the sintering behavior of microwave dielectric ceramics. In this study, the temperature-stable Mg1-

x
(Li0.5Y0.5)
x
Mo
x
W1-

x
O4 ceramics were prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction method, and the effects of doping on the phase, density, microstructure, and microwave dielectric properties of the samples were investigated. The presence of secondary phase Li0.5Y0.5MoO4 successfully improved the sintering behavior of the sample, achieving densification at low sintering temperatures, while effectively adjusting the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency and improving the temperature stability of the sample. Notably, when sintered at 875°C, Mg1-

x
(Li0.5Y0.5)
x
Mo
x
W1-

x
O4 ceramics exhibited satisfactory microwave dielectric properties: ε

r
= 14.83, Q×f = 19, 887 GHz, and τ

f
= 4.11 ppm/ºC, making the ceramics as candidates for LTCC technology.
Study on the effect of Mg and Ag trace elements on the properties of Al-Cu-Mn alloy
Authors: Zhang Jiang , Hong Mengli , Hong Xiaolu , Lv Jianjun , Liu Yongqiang , Chen Dahui , Peng Yinjiang
Published: June 2024

This article introduces the addition of Mg, Ag trace elements, and AlTi5B refiners to the Al-Cu-Mn alloy furnace charge to regulate the size, morphology, and distribution of precipitates, as well as the distribution of particles, to form highly dispersed and thermally stable nanoparticles. A high strength and toughness Al-Cu-Mn-Mg-Ag alloy with fine microstructure and uniform grain distribution is obtained. The experimental results indicate that the addition of Mg, Ag trace elements, and AlTi5B in Al-Cu-Mn alloy can significantly refine α- Al dendrite, the grain size can be refined to 150 μ below m, and the microstructure is more uniform. When the Mg content is 0.2% and Ag content is 0.3%, the T (Al20Cu2Mn3) phase at the grain boundary is significantly increased, and the T phase is in a point-like and discontinuous distribution at the grain boundary. At this time, the comprehensive performance of the alloy is the best (Rm: 431 MPa; RP0.2: 251 MPa; A: 13.2%; hot crack ring width: 20 mm).
Analysis of the influence of damp-heat aging on the shear failure of the adhesive joint of composite materials
Authors: Yao Zhipeng , Gai Di , Xu Hai , Yu Shengjie , Yang Shiyu , Zhao Zheng
Published: June 2024

In this study, a comprehensive temperature and humidity environment chamber was used to accelerate the artificial aging of carbon fiber bonded joint specimens in wet and hot environments, and shear tests were conducted on non-aging and wet and hot aging specimens, respectively. At the same time, acoustic emission technology was used to monitor the damage to the specimen, and the influence of wet and heat aging on the shear properties and damage forms of the bonded joint was explored. It is found that under shearing load, the unaged bonded joint specimens first show delamination degumming damage with an energy distribution of about 1000 (mV*mS) and then fiber fracture damage with an energy distribution of more than 4000 (mV*mS). According to the load strain curve, it can be seen that the shear strength of the moisture-heat aging specimen decreases by 30% compared with that of the non-aging specimen, from 33.6 kN to 22.3 kN. According to the load energy curve, it can be seen that the rubber layer of the specimen is damaged at the inflection point of the load curve, the rubber layer of the non-aging specimen is damaged at 15 kN, and the rubber layer of the moisture-heat aging specimen is damaged at 8 kN. The test results show that the wet heat aging reduces the interlayer properties of the specimens. The structural adhesive delamination is serious, which leads to the damage of the aged specimens in advance compared with the non-aged specimens. The overall deformation of the specimens increases.
Differentiation of aging properties in different circumferential layers of the polyethylene pipeline
Authors: Lin Nan , Sun Xingze , Sun Ming , Cui Wei , Meng Tao , Wang Deguo
Published: June 2024

Polyethylene (PE) pipelines have been widely used as a substitute for steel pipelines in urban natural gas transportation around the world, due to their corrosion resistance, low cost, and good construction performance. As a kind of non-metallic material, PE pipelines age while being used. Currently, the aging status of PE pipelines is not clear and a reliable method to evaluate the aging life of them is necessary to be deeply explored. Due to the different contact with oxygen while using, the aging conditions of the outer, middle, and inner layers are also various. According to the research in this work, the aged PE80 pipelines in accelerated aging experiments were divided into three layers including outer, middle, and inner layers. The aging performance of the three layers has great differences. A comprehensive method for the aging properties of PE80 pipelines should be established while evaluating PE pipelines in service.
Effects of the preparation conditions of GaAs nanowires in MBE on their optical properties
Authors: Meng Bingheng , Kang Yubing , Tang Jilong , Wei Zhipeng
Published: June 2024

The study investigated the morphology, optical properties, and crystal quality of GaAs nanowires (NWs) produced through one/two temperature molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). It is shown that NWs prepared at two temperatures have larger diameters and lengths than those prepared at one temperature. To investigate the optical properties of NWs, we conducted photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The results indicate that the intensity of the luminescence from the type II quantum well increases significantly, while the defect luminescence is suppressed. Moreover, X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests demonstrate a marked enhancement in the crystal quality of samples grown at two temperatures.
Study on the properties of polypyrrole (PPy) coated 3D spacer conductive fabric
Authors: Luo Juan , Chen Si , Shi Dawei
Published: June 2024

In this study, the 3D spacer fabric with electrical conductivity was prepared and its properties make an inquiry. The synthesis of polypyrrole (PPy) on the spacer fabric surface demonstrated by Infrared curves and SEM images. The test results of tensile properties of conductive fabric show that when the fabric is deformed by stress, its conductivity decreases, and the change of resistance shows a trend of slow increase and then rapid increase. The tribological properties of conductive fabric show that the tribological fastness of conductive fabric after alkali treatment is better than that of untreated fabric. The research on the properties of 3D conductive fabric provides theoretical foundation for its application in intelligent spinning, electromagnetic shielding, and other fields.
Electroless deposition of nickel microbumps for fine-pith flip-chip bonding
Authors: Lu Yu , Lin Chang , Wang Shuaishuai , Zhang Kaixin , Lang Taifu , Li Yang , Li Qiwei , Yang Tianxi , Huang Zhonghang , Yan Chunli , Sun Jie , Yan Qun
Published: June 2024

The reliability of micro-light-emitting diode (Micro-LED) is closely associated with the uniformity of microbumps arrays. With continual decreases in pixel pitch in recent years, it is a challenge to guarantee the uniformity of bump arrays. To satisfy current requirements for ultra-high-density interconnections, this study proposes an electroless plating method for fabricating highly uniform nickel microbumps. This technique differs from electroplating, in which the morphology and consistency of microbumps can be easily controlled. Furthermore, it is a high-selectivity and cost-effective method of microbumps fabrication that eliminates solder wastage and avoids metal lift-off in traditional evaporation. To minimize the non-uniformity of the bumps, we aim to optimize the oxygen plasma treatment parameters and deposition intervals to eliminate the issues of skip plating, hydrogen bubble entrapment, and nodules. Under the combined effect of plasma treatment and intermittent deposition method, microbump arrays with less than 5% uniformity were successfully prepared, achieving the demands of high-density bonding. In addition, the preparation process is highly reproducible, extending the application range of this technique.
Study on the impact of strong magnetic fields on the photocatalytic performance of CaTiO3/TiO2 composite materials
Authors: Li Qiang , Lin Changxin
Published: June 2024

The doped perovskite phase compounds exhibit unique electromagnetic properties and high activity in oxidation-reduction, hydrogenation, isomerization, electrocatalysis, etc., which is also a current research hotspot in materials science. Therefore, exploring the photocatalytic performance of the composite prepared by CaTiO3 and TiO2 in a strong magnetic environment is naturally of great interest. Composite materials of Ca2+/Ti4 with varying molar ratios were prepared by using the sol-gel method, and these materials were subjected to experiments for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue. Comparative analysis revealed that the catalytic effect was most favorable when Ca2+/Ti4+=0.3. At this ratio, the adsorption rate of the composite material showed minimal change with an increase in the dosage, while the initial concentration of the solution significantly affected the adsorption rate. The catalytic effect of the Ca2+/Ti4+=0.3 composite material prepared under a 9T magnetic field was improved compared to those prepared under 6T and no magnetic field conditions. The 9T composite material exhibited a reduction in cell size, a redshift in the absorption spectrum, and a decrease in powder particle size.
Design of a novel D-A-D type furan-based charge transfer organic photoelectric material
Authors: Ma Linyi , Jin Xuhui
Published: June 2024

This work describes the synthesis of a novel D-A-D type furan derivative using a [2+2] cycloaddition and ring-opening reaction. Compared to thiophene-based materials, furan derivatives have lower aromaticity and more quinone-like structures, resulting in better π-electron delocalization. The novel D-A-D furan molecule in this paper exhibits a reduced bandgap and enhanced absorption in the near-infrared and visible regions, as well as strong fluorescence and good solubility.
Preparation and sensing performance of chiral carbon Dot@MOF electrode material
Authors: Wu Liping , Duan Qian
Published: June 2024

Chirality is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature. The identification of chiral compounds has important theoretical significance and application prospects in many fields such as biology, medicine, and food. This paper proposes an innovative approach to differentiate enantiomers by using the synergistic effect of chiral MOFs and CDs through electrochemiluminescence. The results demonstrate that CDs@[Zn(D-cam)(phen)(H2O)]n exhibit higher electrochemiluminescent response towards L/D-Trp, enabling the detection of Trp enantiomers. This research suggests that selective recognition of amino acid enantiomers can be achieved through ECL-based nanocomposites of CDs and porous MOFs.
Synthesized robust and thermal stable zirconia aerogel by using N, N-dimethylformamide as a drying inhibitor
Authors: Hou Sifan , Sun Yinjie , Zhang Kai , Li Guoqi , Fan Jinpeng
Published: June 2024

N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) is used as a drying inhibitor to prepare ZrO2 aerogels. The properties were investigated and the result reflected that adding DMF can get bulk aerogels with better mechanical strength (0.51 MPa), lower density (0.38 g/cm3), lower thermal conductivity (0.024 W·m-1·K-1), and higher specific surface area (123.46 m2/g) after heat treatment. Its performance as a drying inhibitor is better than that of formamide (FA). It indicates that DMF can be used as a drying inhibitor to prepare zirconia aerogel with excellent thermal stability and mechanical strength.
Study on the preparation and properties of hydrogel electrolytes
Authors: Wang Xuanye , Zhuo Wenhan , Cui Yueyue , Hu Manfang
Published: June 2024

Hydrogels are water-rich network polymers. The hydrophilic groups on the polymer molecular chains ensure their swelling property and high water content, and the cross-linked hydrogel network and the intermolecular interactions between the polymer molecular chains generate cohesive forces to prevent further penetration of water molecules. The porous structure of the gel enables water molecules to freely traverse the polymer network and the high-frequency flow of molecules in water offers a viable method for the preparation of hydrogel electrolytes. As a result, hydrogel electrolytes are now an important conductive material to compensate for the defects of conventional electronic materials, such as hardness and roughness, and lack of environmental friendliness. This paper starts with the method of hydrogel electrolyte preparation. Good stretchability, conductivity, biocompatibility, and self-healing properties are demonstrated by introducing different materials such as conductive nanomaterials. The types of synthetic conductive hydrogel matrices are extended according to the type of composite materials, making the hydrogel electrolytes usable in many fields like sensing, electrochemical energy storage, biomedicine, environmental detection, flexible wearable fields, and other applications.
Design and synthesis of novel A-D-A type small molecule dyes
Authors: Zhang Chen , Jin Xuhui
Published: June 2024

This article introduces two novel A-D-A type small molecules. Compared to traditional methylene-based dye materials, these compounds exhibit enhanced conjugation and improved stability. The newly studied A-D-A type small molecules in this research possess narrow bandgaps, broad absorption in the visible light range, strong fluorescence, and good solubility.
Study on the properties of slump-retaining polycarboxylate superplasticizer synthesized by EPEG at different pH
Authors: Lin Zhiqun
Published: June 2024

The application of EPEG-type polycarboxylate water reducer in concrete is gradually widespread and studying its preparation process and performance comparison will help promote the EPEG market. In this study, ethylene glycol nonvinyl polyoxymethylene ether (EPEG-2400), acrylic acid (AA) and hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) were used as the main synthetic monomers. Under the redox initiation system of hydrogen peroxide-formaldehyde sodium bisulfite, EPEG-type water-retaining polycarboxylate water reducer was synthesized by free radical copolymerization in aqueous solution. The influence of different pH values on the dispersibility of the synthesized polycarboxylate water reducer was studied. The results show that different pH values have little influence on the molecular weight of EPEG water-retaining polycarboxylate water reducer and the work performance of EPEG-synthesized water-retaining polycarboxylate water reducer is better under neutral conditions.
Preparation and properties of ambient self-crosslinking acrylic emulsion
Authors: Xu Jianhui , Li Haiying , Tang Shutong , Chen Shiqi , Huang Hao , Dang Jing , Li Yuanyuan
Published: June 2024

With styrene (St), butyl acrylate (BA), and methyl methacrylate (MMA) as monomers, a core-shell structure was utilized to synthesize a polymerization emulsion. Then, self-crosslinked polyacrylic acid emulsions with different crosslinking degrees were synthesized by changing the amount of DAAM using deception acrylamide (DAAM) and adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) as functional monomers. The basic performance tests demonstrated that the inclusion of DAAM resulted in an increase in the emulsion’s stability and film’s solvent resistance; The DSC test demonstrated that boosting the crosslinking degree was advantageous in improving the T
g of the film; according to FT-IR and microscopic tests, the crosslinking reaction took place in the system. The self-crosslinking acrylic emulsion of this system has a certain application prospect as a binder.
The synthesis of Fe3O4@SiO2 superparamagnetic materials and mechanism of catalysis
Authors: Xu Hetong , Wang Jianhua , Hui Xin , Zhang Runan
Published: June 2024

The superparamagnetic Fe3O4 was fabricated by the solvothermal synthesis, in which medium ferric chloride is the iron source and deoxidizer using as ethylene glycol. The core-shell material Fe3O4@SiO2 was fabricated by the scheme which was composed of Anhydrous ethanol, deionized water, ammonia water, and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). The structural and optical characteristics of the samples Fe3O4 and core-shell Fe3O4@SiO2 was detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and UV/VIS/IR spectrophotometer. The conclusions illustrate that the spherical core-shell structure of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2 were fabricated with superparamagnetic. The Ostwald ripening effect on structure of sample Fe3O4 was concluded to form inverse spinel polycrystal structure by nanometer particles. The visual-driven photocatalytic properties of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles toward the deposition of methodology blue was studied. The obtained conclusions indicate that Fe3O4@SiO2 after irradiated by visible light, its degradation rate of methodology methylene mlue (MB) was enhanced than Fe3O4 in the presence of H2O2. The samples Fe3O4 and core-shell Fe3O4@SiO2 materials are recycled by external magnetic field and reused for special superparamagnetic property. The sample Fe3O4 and core-shell Fe3O4@SiO2 materials represent higher catalytic property and excellent fixity consistent with the decomposition rate of methodology methylene mlue (MB) after being recycling and reuse severe times. The photocatalytic mechanism was dismissed based on the determined active agent during the process of degraded wastewater.
Synthesis of chiral phosphine-functionalized ionic liquids and their application in asymmetric hydrogenation
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Wang Fan , Jin Xin
Published: June 2024

The present report prepared three novel chiral phosphine-functionalized polyetherimidazolium ionic liquids through ion-exchange reactions of chiral sulfonated BINAP ligands and hydroxyl-functionalized polyetherimidazolium ionic liquids grounded on the phosphine ligand-ionic liquid integration. Using these synthetics, methyl acetoacetate was subjected to asymmetric homogeneous hydrogenation catalyzed by ruthenium. The structural characterization of the three chiral phosphine-functionalized polyetherimidazolium ionic liquids was conducted using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 31P NMR in combination with HR-MS. Compared with their precursor sulfonated BINAP, the prepared chiral phosphine-functionalized ionic liquids exhibited comparable or better catalytic activity and enantioselectivity.
Pitting corrosion of 4Cr13 steel in a chlorine tank
Authors: Li Qingshan , Xie Xumeng , Xie Limin , Xia Xinhua , Lou Hongjun , Pan Wenjie , Xi Lingli , Xie Hongbin , Jin Muda
Published: June 2024

Pitting corrosion is harmful and often occurs in chloride solution. The pitting corrosion of 4Cr13 steel in a chlorine tank was investigated in this study. Cr-depleted rings were observed and the Cr-depleted ring coincided with the bumps consisting of corrosion product. Carbides distributed along the Cr-depleted ring were also observed. Many pitting with spherical or shallow shapes were observed by cross-section morphology exam. The depth of pitting for Sample A is smaller than that for Sample B which accorded with surface morphology. The corrosion product was composed of a Fe-rich outer layer and a Cr-rich inner layer. The Fe-rich outer layer will rapture and fall off with the increase of corrosion products, and then the Cr-rich inner layer was revealed. As a result, Cr-depleted rings were inspected with SEM-EDS. The pitting corrosion mechanism of 4Cr13 steel in the chlorine tank was also discussed.
Mechanical properties analysis of cross-linked epoxy resin
Authors: Huang Ruodong , Gao Chao , Zhou Fusheng , Yu Jiahe , Yang Hao
Published: June 2024

For this study, bisphenol A epoxy resin (DGEBA) was used as the resin matrix, and 3,3’-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (33DDS) was used as the curing agent. The effects of different cross-linking densities on the mechanical properties of epoxy resins were studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and the changes in the mechanical properties of epoxy resins under five different cross-linking density levels were predicted [1]. The results showed that as the cross-linking density of the epoxy resin increased, the mechanical parameters (such as elastic modulus, shear modulus, and bulk modulus) of the epoxy resin system also increased. This indicates the importance of improving the curing process of epoxy resin to enhance its mechanical properties.
Construction of a three-dimensional culture system based on Gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel for lung cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Bingyu , Zhang Xue , Wen Xianxin , Qin Dui
Published: June 2024

Hypoxia and acidity are key characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) is a versatile biomaterial extensively utilized in various biomedical fields. Studies have shown that during the photocrosslinking process of GelMA hydrogel, the commonly used photoinitiator Irgacure 2959 consumes oxygen and induces an acidic and hypoxia environment. However, there is currently limited research on its involvement in the three-dimensional (3D) culture of tumor cells. Therefore, we constructed a 3D culture system utilizing GelMA hydrogel and investigated its influence on the growth and drug response of lung cancer cells (A549). The results demonstrated that the GelMA hydrogel-based 3D culture system exhibited excellent biocompatibility and robust mechanical properties and provided an acidic microenvironment conducive to tumor cell proliferation. Furthermore, the cancer cells exhibited heightened sensitivity to chemotherapeutics in this 3D culture model. These results suggest that the GelMA hydrogel-based 3D culture system can serve as a perfect model for in vitro study of tumor cells.
The penetrating restoration mechanism of reactive polymer on slight crack of asphalt pavement
Authors: Wang Jie , Yuan Bo , Yang Bo , Dang Jing , Tang Shutong , Li Yuanyuan , Chen Yaohui
Published: June 2024

To explore the penetrating restoration mechanism of reactive polymer on slight crack (<3 mm) of asphalt pavement, based on the self-developed reactive MMA material, through the combination of viscosity control and micro-analysis methods, the penetration depth of different viscosities of binding materials to micro-crack and microstructure of the preventive maintenance interface were studied. The results show that the penetration depth of the binding material to the micro-crack is positively correlated with the viscosity of the material, and the restoration effect of the micro-crack depends on the fullness of the filling and curing state of the material in the crack. When the filler content is 20%, the penetration depth of the binding material to the micro-crack can reach 1 mm. The penetration depth can be changed through viscosity control, and a full-continuous restoration structure can be obtained. The microstructure of the micro-crack restoration area shows that the penetration enhancement of the polymer seal material to the micro-crack in the pavement includes three processes: penetration, filling, and curing.
Molecular dynamics study on self-assembled dodecylphosphocholine nanomicelles used as drug delivery system for carrying curcumin
Authors: Shu Qijiang , Bi Jun , Lu Jingjing
Published: June 2024

Curcumin has rich and diverse medicinal effects. Incorporating curcumin into suitable nanocarriers can inhibit its unfavorable biological characteristics and improve its utilization rate. In this work, we combine quantum chemistry and molecular simulation techniques to investigate the mechanism of action of dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) molecules encapsulating curcumin. The results show that van der Waals forces act as the main actuating force to load the drug. Hydrogen bonding and electrostatic forces also contribute to the clustering of DPC molecules. A typical spacing at which intermolecular interactions occur is mainly around 0.52 nm. All quantitative data and visualization images of the system conformation together show that the DPC molecules self-assemble to form multiple micelles and present a good morphology for loading curcumin. This demonstrates the potential of DPC to act as a novel vehicle for delivering curcumin.
Effect of particle/matrix interface parameters on mechanical properties of high-energy propellant based on three-dimensional RVE model
Authors: Zhao Jiuling
Published: June 2024

For composite solid propellant, the interface is the medium to transfer the load between particles and matrix. Because there are a large number of particle/matrix interface layers in the propellant, the mechanical properties of the interface become an important factor affecting the macro-mechanical properties of the propellant. It is necessary to study the influence of different interface mechanical parameters on the mechanical properties of high-energy propellants. In this paper, the three-dimensional representative volume element (RVE) model of solid propellant is established, and the three-dimensional bilinear cohesion interface parameters are established for this model. The influence law of interface parameters on its mechanical properties is obtained through simulation research. The results show that both the interfacial strength and the maximum failure displacement of the interface affect the tensile strength of high-energy propellant, and the interfacial strength plays a leading role and is very significant.
A connection between discrete and regularized Laplacian determinants on fractals
Authors: Tsougkas Konstantinos
Published: June 2024

The spectral zeta function of the Laplacian on self-similar fractal sets has been previously studied and shown to meromorphically extend to the complex plane. In this work we establish that under certain conditions a relationship exists between the logarithm of the determinant of the discrete graph Laplacian on the sequence of graphs approximating the fractal and the regularized Laplacian determinant on the fractal itself which is defined via help of the spectral zeta function. We then at the end present some concrete examples of this phenomenon.
Conceptual agroindustry for refining nutmeg essential oil based on circular economics
Authors: Pratondo Utomo Tanto , Hidayati Sri , Sartika Dewi , Suharyono  , Rini Hartari Widia
Published: June 2024

Indonesia, as the largest nutmeg producer in the world, must continue to improve its performance, both upstream and downstream, in order to continue to increase its competitiveness. The nutmeg essential oil refining agro-industry in Indonesia, one of the downstream industries, generally still uses a production process which can be said to have not experienced any real changes from the past, including using a distillation process for a long time, the resulting yield is not optimal, and is still unable to re-utilize liquid waste in the form of hydrosols left over from the separation of essential oils produced. Efforts that are thought to be able to overcome this problem are by implementing a circular economy approach that can accommodate economic and social activities to overcome problems in the nutmeg essential oil refining agro-industry, including through a circular material input model (circular inputs) and product life extension (product use). The purposes of this paper was to study the conceptual agro-industry of nutmeg essential oil refining in a comprehensive manner based on a review of the latest related scientific papers, such as papers downloaded from Science direct, Emerald insight, Google scholar, Garuda portal, Cross-reef as well as DOAJ.
IoT Model for Production House Control from the Development of Wetland Commodity Start-up
Authors: Heryani Hesty , Ridha Yanti Noor , Irawansyah Herry , Wiranda Nuruddin , Rizky Baskara Andreyan
Published: June 2024

A startup must have a realistic vision and a profitable business plan. It should be able to find customers willing to pay during the customer validation process. Products which customers are interested in must gain popularity consistently with repeatable and scalable startup business models. The aim of the research was to design an IoT model for production house control from the development of a Wetland Commodity Start-up. The business model was designed based on the concept of a Product-Service System (PSS) oriented towardscreating according to the wishes and needs of the users. The design thinking developed referredto 5 (five) stages of the process, namely Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype and Test. It was hoped the User would reach the stage of trying out the trial product after it had been made. Oneof the outputs was in the form of an IoT model implemented in an environmentally friendly wetland commodity production house. The advantages of this model were in terms of efficiency of electricity resources and smart monitoring based on mobile (Android & IoS). The power source was carried out in a hybrid manner, that is electricity from PLN and solar panels, so that it could detect quickly when a power outage occurred and then automatically switch according to the availability of electric power. Another advantage was smart monitoring. With this feature, the model was able to monitor and control nutrients so it was in sufficient ppm concentration according to the growth phase of the commodity.
Halal Supply Chain Performance Measurement Model Involving Traceability Aspects: A Study in A Chicken Slaughterhouse
Authors: Vikaliana R , Iskandar YA , Ikhwanissa R
Published: June 2024

The food and beverage industry in Indonesia has the greatest overall consumption value of halal products across all industries, according to a research published by the Halal Market 2020/2021. The public becomes more aware of a product’s halal status as a result of this case, and they also demand further information about it. Thus, to guarantee a product’s transparency, halal traceability is required. Halal traceability refers to the process of tracking a product’s halal status. This study was carried out at PT Sreeya Sewu, a chicken slaughterhouse business that has integrated halal blockchain technology for halal traceability. The purpose of this study is to develop supply chain KPIs that take traceability into account. 12 Key Performance Indicators/KPIs will be chosen and verified once KPIs are created using the SCOR methodology. AHP pairwise comparisons will be used to weight the verified KPIs. According to the findings, KPI-02 has the most weight. KPI-10 Cycle time for item trace has the lowest weight at 0.076 and the highest percentage at 0.533 for halal training.
Analysis of the Institutional Risk of The Halal Supply Chain in The Potato Chips Micro Scale using The SCOR Methods
Authors: Pujiastuti Yuyun , Asmaul Mustaniroh Siti , Sucipto Sucipto
Published: June 2024

The agropolitan city of Batu is ready to boost the number of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) each year through its flagship product, potato chips. Throughout the supply chain, potato chips can change from halal to non-halal due to contamination by non-halal materials, production processes that do not comply with halal criteria (SJPH), and no separation of halal and non-halal products during storage and distribution. This research aims to illustrate institutional risks in the halal supply chain for the potato chip MSME cluster using the SCOR method. SSOP and GMP are added to strengthen the analysis. Key actors in the halal supply chain institution include suppliers, manufacturers, and retailers. The study identifies several risky activities that threaten the halal integrity of potato chip products. Using the SCOR method for risk mapping in the halal supply chain institution resulted in 69 risk events and 70 risk agents. The potential risks in the halal supply chain for potato chips occur mainly at the manufacturer level (70% of the total risk events). They are most prevalent in the production process variable. The majority of risk agents in micro-scale businesses are related to the implementation of PPH, SJPH, SSOP, and food safety.