bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bilateral radiological presentation in Rasmussen´s encephalitis with good surgical outcome
Authors: Silveira Rayanne Maria Brandão da , Arruda Ianne , Arruda Rivus , Guaranha Mirian Bittar , Corso Jeana , Carrete Júnior Henrique , Peixoto-Santos José Eduardo , Centeno Ricardo Silva , Yacubian Elza Marcia Targas , Guilhoto Laura Maria Figueiredo Ferreira
Published: July 2023

Case presentation: A 4-year-old and 5-month-old child with a history of sudden onset of clonic seizures that started in the left hallux and progressed to the ipsilateral hemibody and face, lasting up to five minutes. After that, she presented walking and learning difficulty and was unable to perform everyday activities (drawing, writing), which evolved in five months. Electroencephalogram (EEG): diffuse slowing predominating in the right hemisphere; very frequent, almost continuous bilateral interictal epileptiform activity in frontocentroparietal regions mainly on the right. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed right hemispheric atrophy, with predominantly frontoparietal cortical thinning and reduced brainstem volume on the right, in addition to a nonspecific signal alteration in the left thalamic-mesencephalic area, with possible inflammatory or demyelinating origin. She received CBZ and LEV without seizure control. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was unremarkable including autoantibodies. At age 5-year-old and 2-month-old she developed progressive left hemiparesis. She received two cycles of pulse therapy (methylprednisolone 30 mg/kg for three days), without significant improvement, with continuous clonic seizures in left hallux. Video-EEG revealed right sided epileptiform activity with midline involvement. At age 6-year-old and 8-month-old the child underwent right hemispherotomy and has been seizure free since then, presenting left hemiparesis and taking clobazam, LEV, ESM and CBZ. Histopathology revealed signs of Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE), with frequent microglial nodules and perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate, and some lymphocytes surrounding neurons. Discussion: Bilateral brain disease in RE is debated, but it is probably very rare. Only two out of 200 published cases had evidence of bilateral disease. Conclusion: Although rare, the possibility of bilateral involvement in RE should be considered to stress early surgical treatment and to improve outcome.
Kappa index and oligoclonal bands detection in cerebrospinal fluid samples of patients with suspected multiple sclerosis
Authors: Senne Carlos , Giaffer Carlos , Vega Marcio , Salomão Daiane , Domingues Renan
Published: July 2023

Introduction: The evaluation of the intrathecal production of immunoglobulin G (IgG) can be useful in the evaluation of multiple sclerosis (MS) suspected cases and the most important test to verify it is the detection of oligoclonal bands (OCBs) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum. Recent studies have reported that measuring CSF IgG free light chains (FLC), especially the Kappa Index, is comparable with OCBs as markers of IgG synthesis. It is still unknown if diagnostic sensitivity be increased by performing these two methods in parallel. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of the Kappa index and the oligoclonal bands (BOCs) in samples from patients with suspected MS. Methods: Patients with suspected MS underwent CSF analysis. Intrathecal synthesis of IgG was evaluated with BOCs, IgG index, Reiber nomogram, and kappa index. Results: One hundred and seventy-one serum and CSF samples were included, 76 of them had positive CSF BOC. Among the BOC+ cases, 48 (63.2%) were also positive with the Reiber nomogram, 53 (69.7%) were also positive with the IgG index, and 74 (97.4%) were also positive with the kappa index. Among the patients without BOCs, 5 (5.2%) cases had a positive Reiber, eight had a positive IgG index (8.4%), and eight (8.4%) had a positive kappa index. Conclusion: The Kappa index was the method with the highest association with BOCs, confirming that this method is at least as sensitive as the detection of BOCs. Positive kappa results found among cases without BOCs may be false positives but may also indicate false negative results with BOC. Therefore, it is possible that kappa index can help to diagnose cases of MS without detection of BOCs.
Mastocytosis, pachymeningitis and systemic neoplasia
Authors: Kanda Rafael Guimarães , Figueiredo Diego Silva , Marchiori Tania Aparecida
Published: July 2023

Mastocytosis is a condition characterized by abnormal growth and accumulation of dysfunctional mast cells in one or more organs. Diagnosis is challenging due to its rarity, non-specific symptoms, and imaging findings, requiring a combination of physical examination, histopathological findings, genomic testing, and laboratory results. In this report, we present the case of a 40-year-old female patient with a history of systemic mastocytosis who presented to the emergency department with a 10-day history of headache, dizziness, and visual disturbances. Physical examination revealed bilateral sixth cranial nerve palsy, papillary edema, and a hardened right breast. The cerebrospinal fluid study showed an opening pressure of 76 cmH2 O and a closing pressure of 34 cmH2 O. Magnetic resonance imaging of the skull and neuraxis showed pachymeningitis, a recent ischemic lesion in the left cerebellar hemisphere, bilateral optic neuropathy, multiple bone lesions, and pathological fractures throughout the thoracic and lumbar spine.Ppositron emission tomography-computed tomography showed hypermetabolism in the right breast and liver, with a breast and liver biopsy confirming neoplasia. Mastocytosis can cause acute and chronic nervous system disorders, including headache, anxiety, memory loss, and vertigo/dizziness, with mostly unspecific magnetic resonance imaging imaging. The etiology of the intracranial hypertension finding was extensively discussed by the assisting team. A deep literature review was conducted on mastocytosis with pachymeningitis, which is extremely rare. No sign of meningeal carcinomatosis was found, leading us to believe that mast cell infiltration may have been possible. A meningeal biopsy was suggested to confirm mast cell infiltration, but it was not performed due to the increased risk to the patient. The patient’s complications were likely caused by mastocytosis, either through mast cell infiltration or an increased predisposition to neoplasms.
Analisis Peran Kalimat Afirmatif dalam Novel Hujan Karya Tere Liye
Authors: Simon Ruruk  , Sandrianti Solli Pakatung
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan  mendeskripsikan  Peran Kalimat Afirmatif  dalam novel Hujan karya Tere Liye.  Jenis  penelitian ini berjenis penelitian kualitataif. Data bersumber dari novel Hujan karya tere liye. Data di kumpulkan dengan menggunakan teknik baca dan teknik catat.  Hasil penelitian peran kalimat afirmatif dalam novel Hujan karya Tere Liye (1) Peran Pelaku-Perbuatan/tindakan, (2) Peran Pelaku-Perbuatan-Sasaran ,(3) Peran Pelaku –Perbuatan-Waktu,(4) Peran Pelaku-Perbuatan-Tempat ,(5) Peran Waktu-Pelaku-Perbuatan-Sasaran
Piranti Kohesi Persona Dalam Buku Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Sma Kelas XI Karangan Maryanto
Authors: Rita Tanduk  , Serli
Published: July 2023

Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan bentuk piranti kohesi persona yang terdapat dalam buku Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia SMA Kelas XI Karangan Maryanto. Manfaat penelitian ini diharapkan dapat (1) Memberikan informasi kepada peneliti mengenai bentuk piranti kohesi persona dalam Buku Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia SMA Kelas XI Karangan Maryanto. (2) Menambah pengetahuan peneliti tentang analisis wacana khususnya piranti kohesi persona. (3) Memberikan pengetahuan kepada pembaca mengenai bentuk piranti kohesi person dalam buku Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia SMA Kelas XI Karangan Maryanto. (4) Sebagai bahan acuan dalam meneliti buku pelajaran bahasa Indonesia dengan menggunakan tinjauan yang sama. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini bersumber dari Buku Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia SMA Kelas XI Karangan Maryanto. Metode penelitian yang penulis gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Teknik yang digunakan penelitian ini adalah teknik baca dan teknik catat. Teknik baca digunakan dengan cara membaca secara teliti dari objek penelitian, sedangkan teknik catat digunakan untuk mencatat piranti kohesi persona yang terdapat dalam Buku Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia SMA Kelas XI Karangan Maryanto.  Hasil penelitian piranti kohesi persona yang terdapat dalam Buku Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia SMA Kelas XI Karangan Maryanto. (1) Bentuk piranti kohesi persona pertama tunggal, saya dan aku. (2) Bentuk piranti kohesi persona kedua tunggal, kamu dan engkau. (3) Bentuk piranti kohesi persona ketiga tunggal, dia dan ia, (4) Bentuk piranti kohesi persona pertama jamak, kami dan kita. (5) Bentuk piranti kohesi persona kedua jamak, kalian. (6) Bentuk piranti kohesi persona ketiga jamak, mereka.
Referensi Persona Dalam Novel Lilin Karya Saniyyah Putri Salsabila Said
Authors: Anastasia Baan  , Riska Erawati Sanda
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan bentuk Referensi persona dalam novel Lilin  karya Saniyyah Putri Salsabila Said. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini yaitu teks novel Lilin  karya Saniyyah Putri Salsabila Said. Populasi penelitian ini yaitu semua  referensi  persona yang  digunakan  dalam Novel “Lilin” karya Saniyyah Putri Salsabila Said. Sedangkan  sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 56 referensi persona dalam novel  Lilin Karya Saniyyah Putri Salsabila Said.  Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik baca dan teknik  catat. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) mengidentifikasi bentuk referensi  persona dalam novel “Lilin” karya Saniyyah Putri Salsabila Said (2) mengklasifikasi bentuk referensi  persona dalam novel “Lilin” karya Saniyyah Putri Salsabila Said (3) menganalisis  bentuk referensi  persona dalam novel “Lilin” karya Saniyyah Putri Salsabila Said. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk  referensi persona yang digunakan dalam novel “Lilin” karya Saniyyah Putri Salsabila Said yaitu (1) persona pertama saya, aku, kami dan  kita (2) persona kedua  kamu, anda dan  kalian  (3) persona ketiga dia, ia dan mereka.
Struktur Kalimat Transitif Bahasa Indonesia Dalam Novel Merayakan Kehilangan Karha Brian Khrisna
Authors: Elisabeth Mangera  , Musa Bosa
Published: July 2023

Manfaat yang di harapkan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Menambahkan pengetahuan bagi penulis sendiri tentang struktur kalimat transitif bahasa Indonesia dalam Novel Merayakan  Kehilangan karya Brian Kharisna(2)Memberikan  pengetahuan bagi orang yang berkecimpungan di bidang bahasa tentangs truktur kalmiat  transitif bahasa Indonesia yang di gunakan dalam Novel Merayakan Kehilangan karya Brian Kharisna dan(3) Dapat dijadikan acuan dalam meneliti struktur kalimat lain dalam bahasa Indonesia. Data  penelitian ini bersumber dari Novel Merayakan Kehilangan karya Brian Kharisna.Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 42 kalimat transitif bahasa Indonesia  yang digunakan dalam  novel Merayakan Kehilangan karya Brian Khrisna.Sedangkan populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 42 kalimat transitif bahasa Indonesia  yang digunakan  dalam  novel Merayakan Kehilangan   karya Brian Khrisna.Teknik  pegumpulan data ada dua yaitu(1)Teknik observasi dan(2)teknik dukumentasi.Teknik observasi di gunakan untuk mengamati pengunaan kalimat transitif bahasa Indonesia dalam novel Merayakan Kehilangan karya Brian Khrisna.Teknik  dokumentasi  di gunakan untuk mencatat kalimat transitif  yang di temukan penelitian ini adalah novel Merayakan Kehilangan karya Brian Khrisna.yang di temukan  dalam novel Merayakan Kehilangan karya Brian Khrisna.Sumber data dalam penelitan ini adalah novel Merayakan Kehilangan karya Brian Khrisna.Struktur kalimat transitif bahasa Indonesia yang ditemukan dalam novel Merayakan Kehilangan karya Brian Khrisna, adalah sebagai berikut:

            1.Struktur S + P + O ( Subjek + Predikat+ Objek)

            2.Struktur S + P + O + K ( Subjek+ Predikat + 0bjek-+Keterangan )

            3.Struktur  K + S + P + O ( Keterangan + Subjek+ Predikat +Objek )

            4.Struktur S+ K +P + O(Subjek + Keterangan + Predikat + Objek)
Campur Kode Pada Penyiaran Radio Pemerintah Kabupaten Frekuensi Modulasi (RPK FM) Tana Toraja
Authors: Resnita Dewi  , Anatasia Jultisia
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk penggunaan campur kode pada Penyiaran Radio Pemerintah Kabupaten Frekuensi Modulasi Tana Toraja.  Penelitian ini berjenis kualitatif. Data dikumpul dengan (1) Teknik observasi mengamati penggunaan campur kode pada Penyiaran Radio Pemerintah Kabupaten Frekuensi Modulasi Tana Toraja, (2) Teknik rekam dimungkinkan terjadi jika bahasa masih dituturkan oleh pemiliknya, (3) teknik catat adalah teknik lanjutan yang diterapkan ketika menerapkan teknik rekam.  Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat tiga jenis dan empat bentuk campur kode yang digunakan oleh penutur dalam Penyiaran Radio Pemerintah Kabupaten Frekuensi Modulasi Tana Toraja yaitu jenis campur kode ke dalam (inner code maxing), jenis campur kode ke luar (auter code maxing), jenis campur kode campuran (hybrid code maxing) dan penyisipan bentuk kata, penyisipan bentuk frasa, penyisipan bentuk baster, penyisipan bentuk perulangan kata.
Implementasi Pembelajaran Daring Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Di SMK Negeri 2 Tana Toraja
Authors: Milka  , Nova
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Mendeskripsikan perencanaan pembelajaran daring (2) Mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring (3) Mendeskripsikan evaluasi pembelajaran daring (4) Mendeskripsikan faktor penghambat dan pendukung pembelajaran daring pada mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia di SMK Negeri 2 Tana Toraja.  Penelitian ini berjenis kualitatif. Data dikumpul dengan (1) Teknik observasi, yaitu mengamati pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring (2) Teknik wawancara, yaitu dilakukan kepada Guru atau narasumber untuk mengumpulkan data mengenai pembelajaran daring (3) Teknik Dokumentasi, yaitu mengambil gambar dan profil sekolah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Implementasi Pembelajaran Daring Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SMK Negeri 2 Tana Toraja terdapat 1) Perencanaa pembelajaran daring terlihat bahwa guru dan siswa tepat waktu dalam dalam memulai pembelajaran 2) Pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring sudah berjalan efektif dilihat dari pencapaian nilai dan hasil tugas-tugas siswa sudah mencapai target nilai yang telah ditetapkan 3) Evaluasi pembelajaran daring, dilihat dari segi pengetahuan, keterampilan dan keafektifan siswa 4) Faktor penghambat, terkendala karena faktor jaringan dan pendukung pembelajaran daring  adanya sarana berupa wifi laptop dan handphone.
Penggunaan Deiksis Temporal dan Lokati dalam Novel Konspirasi Alam Semesta Karya Fiersa Besari (Tinjauan Pragmatik)
Authors: Rita Tanduk  , Evi Layuk Dama
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penggunaan deiksis temporal dan lokatif dalam novel Konspirasi Alam Semesta karya Fiersa Besari tahun 2017. Penelitian ini berjenis kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan  (1) teknik baca, yaitu melihat serta memahami isi dari apa yang tulis; (2) teknik catat, yaitu teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan untuk mencatat data-data berupa penggunaan deiksis temporal dan lokatif dalam novel Konspirasi Alam Semesta karya Firsa Besari. Penggunaan deiksis temporal dan lokatif dalam novel Konspirasi Alam Semesta karya Fiersa Besari. Dapat dilihat dari contoh deiksis temporal dan lokatif sebagai berikut: (1) Contoh deiksi temporal  yang terdapat dalam novel Konspirsi Alam Semesta karya Fierse Besari yang terbit pada tahun 2017 adalah nanti, tadi, kemarin, esok, dan sekarang. (2) Contoh deiksis lokatif yang terdapat dalam novel Konspirasi Alam Semesta karya Fiersa Besari yang terbit pada tahun 2017 adalah di sana, di sini, ke sana, ke sini dan sana.
Pelatihan “Public Speaking” bagi Siswa SMK Negeri Tapango dalam Kegiatan Pagelaran Seni dan Workshop Sanggar Uhhai Tammatti
Authors: Bungatang  , Andi Dewi Rizka Ainulia  , Irnayanti Bahar  , Harti Oktarina  , Khaerati
Published: July 2023

Pelaksanaan kegiatan bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan mengenai materi public speaking dalam meningkatkan keterampilan dan softskill siswa, selain itu menerapkan secara langsung kepada siswa untuk melakukan public speaking di depan umum secara mandiri untuk melihat tingkat pemahaman siswa. Metode penyajian pelatihan yaitu dengan metode ceramah, Tanya jawab, pemecahan masalah, dan praktik. Adapun hasil yang dicapai yaitu semua siswa SMK yang tergabung dalam sanggar Uhhai Tammatti, telah mengetahui tentang materi-materi terkait public speaking melalui presentasi materi yang dipaparkan selain itu semua peserta kegiatan telah mengetahui pentingnya public speaking untuk dipelajari dan diterapkan, melalui kegiatan ini keterampilan dan softskill siswa lebih meningkat untuk tampil berbicara di depan umum. Pelatihan ini memberikan pengetahuan, teknik, pengalaman, dan keterampilan kepada siswa dalam mendukung aktivitasnya dalam melakukan kegiatan di sekolah dan maupun masyarakat. Selain pengetahuan dan pengalaman, siswa juga mendapatkan manfaat dari kegiatan ini, yakni kemampuan public speaking yang dimiliki dapat menjadi alternatif profesi di masa yang akan datang.
Hubungan Perkembangan Motorik Halus, Perkembangan Motorik Kasar dan Sosial Emosional terhadap Kejadian Stunting pada Usia 24 – 59 Bulan di Puskesmas Karet Kuningan Kecamatan Setiabudi Tahun 2022
Authors: Hasanah Eti Nurbaiti
Published: July 2023

Latar belakang: Stunting adalah kondisi gagal tumbuh pada anak balita (bayi di bawah lima tahun) akibat dari kekurangan gizi kronis sehingga anak terlalu pendek untuk usianya. Balita pendek (stunted) dan sangat pendek (severely stunted) adalah balita dengan tinggi badan (TB/U) menurut nilai z-score kurang dari -2SD/standar deviasi (stunted) dan kurang dari – 3SD (severely stunted). Stunting merupakan masalah kurang gizi kronis yang disebabkan oleh asupan gizi yang kurang dalam waktu cukup lama akibat pemberian makanan yang tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan gizi.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui Hubungan Perkembangan Motorik Halus, Perkembangan Motorik Kasar dan Sosial Emosional terhadap Kejadian Stunting pada Usia 24-59 Bulan di Puskesmas Karet Kuningan Kecamatan Setiabudi Tahun 2022.
Metode: Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Studi kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, dimana penelitian dilakukan pada saat pengambilan data antara variabel independen dengan variabel dependen yang dilakukan secara bersama-sama pada waktu yang sama, dengan sampel 30, penelitian ini dilakukan pada pada Bulan Januari-Februari 2022.
Hasil: Hubungan antara perkembangan Motorik Halus dengan kejadian stunting dengan nilai P-value 0,003, perkembangan motorik kasar dengan kejadian stunting nilai P-value 0,014 dan Sosial emosional dengan kejadian stunting nilai P-value 0,000.
Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan perkembangan motorik halus, motorik kasar dan sosial emosional terhadap kejadian stunting pada usia 24-59 bulan di Puskesmas Karet kuningan Kecamatan setiabudi dan yang paling berpeluang pada sosial emosional.
Perspectives on sociodemographic factors and solid waste management in the district of Chachapoyas
Authors: Coronel-Chugden Jose-Walter , Huaman-Romani Yersi-Luis , Ayay-Arista Guido , Flores-Castillo Marcos-Marcelo , Cahuana-Lipa Rocio , Machaca-Mamani Julio-Cesar
Published: July 2023

The accelerated production of solid waste in the urban-rural context requires studies to optimize the environmental pollution gap. The objective of the study is to know the perspectives of sociodemographic factors and solid waste management in the district of Chachapoyas. The research is of a causal descriptive type at an explanatory level. The sample is composed of 382 families obtained through probabilistic sampling. The survey technique was used, and the questionnaire was a valid and reliable instrument (Cronbach's alpha = 0.777). The results indicate that the sociodemographic profile has a significant effect (p<0.05) on solid waste management, including economic status, age, occupation, education level, monthly income, area of residence, and number of persons per household. In addition, it was found that solid waste management in the city has a regular level of performance. However, there are gaps that need to be addressed in the following order of priority: storage, final disposal, generation, treatment, and recycling. In conclusion, solid waste management in the city of Chachapoyas is average, indicating the need to address these gaps in the formulation of new public policies.
Deriving Positive Duties from Kant's Formula of Universal Law
Authors: Duindam Guus
Published: July 2023

According to the objection from positive duties, Kant's Formula of Universal Law is flawed because it cannot be used to derive any affirmative moral requirements. This paper offers a response to that objection and proposes a novel way to derive positive duties from Kant's formula. The Formula of Universal Law yields positive duties to adopt our own perfection and others’ happiness as ends because we could not rationally fail to will those ends as universal ends.
Fotografía documental e internet en los procesos migratorios: canales de ida y vuelta a Andalucía, España
Authors: Ramírez-Alvarado María del Mar , Jiménez-Marín Gloria
Published: July 2023

Internet se ha convertido en un elemento fundamental a la hora de dar testimonio sobre los movimientos migratorios. A ello se le suma la potencialidad de la fotografía como motor de cambio, registro de evidencias y retrato de realidades de distinto corte. Analizar la incidencia propia de esta realidad en la comunicación, sobre todo en un entorno regional, pone de manifiesto su influencia en las transformaciones sociales y demográficas. El objetivo es poner de relieve el valor de la fotografía como archivo documental de los procesos migratorios en el espacio digital. La metodología parte del trabajo exploratorio y analítico descriptivo a partir de fuentes fotográficas, de carácter estadístico y revisión de literatura especializada en el caso de Andalucía (España).
(De)Coding La Desbandá: a Dialogue between Modern Photojournalism and Photographic Document during Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)
Authors: Almodóvar Anaya Raquel , Rodríguez Rey Ana María
Published: July 2023

The Desbandá is one of the most sinister and darkest episodes of Franco's repression in Andalusia during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). Occurring after the fall of Malaga on 8 February 1937, the forced displacement and massacre of thousands of civilians by the Nazi air force (which tried out attacks in this episode that would later be repeated in Guernica) was widely reported in the international press at the time. There were photo reports such as the one by Gerda Taro and Robert Capa published by the French magazine Regards, as well as a chronicle with photographs taken on the ground and published in book form under the title El crimen de la carretera de Málaga a Almería (1937) by Norman Bethune. Recent discoveries such as the work of Antoni Campañà allow us to offer, for the first time, an integrating and novel view: the representation of human experience(s) based on the same collective trauma through photography as a means of mass communication in the Western context of the first third of the 20th century, and as a prologue to what was to become World War II.
Renal Toxicity Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride in Experimental Model
Authors: Baig Mirza Fahad , Ahmad Khan Muhammad Khalil
Published: July 2023

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is largely used as a solvent in chemical industries. It is also well known for hepatic and renal toxic actions. It imposes serious health threats. It is also one of the major causes that is toxic for the vital organs like lungs, kidney, liver, brain, etc. Objective: To check nephrotoxicity of Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) on Rat Kidneys. Methods: The experiment was conducted at the animal house of the Department of Zoology, University of Okara. The targeted animal was Albino Rat. Two groups were designed control and experimental groups. The rats were fed with 30% diluted CCl4 to check the toxic effect on the kidneys and normal saline to the control group for comparison. A trial for 12 days was conducted for this purpose. Sampling or dissection was done after 12 days to determine serum Urea, Creatinine, and Electrolytes Sodium (Na), and Potassium (K). Rats were dissected and the heart was punctured to take a blood sample and to collect organs. Results: We observed the increased values of Urea, Creatinine and Electrolytes, Sodium (Na), and Potassium (K) as compared to normal values, which have proved the renal toxicity was induced by CCl4 in Albino Rats. All the experimental data were analyzed by using SPSS-19. The level of significance among the various treatments was determined by LSD at a 0.05% level of probability. Conclusions: These findings underline the substantial health risks that CCl4 poses and emphasize the necessity of putting preventative measures and safety regulations in place.
Strategies for effective integration of managementinformation system in secondary schools: teachers’perspective from Awka Education zone in Anambra State
Authors:   Department of Social Studies Education, Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe, Nigeria, Ogochukwu Anike Dorathy
Published: July 2023

This study looked into effective integration of management information system (MIS) in secondary schools in AwkaEducation Zone in Anambra State. The study was guided by three research questions and two hypotheses tested atthe 0.05 level of significance based on a descriptive survey research approach. The sampling technique adoptedwas purposive type in order to focus on a determined specialized number of respondents. The study’s samplesize was 130 secondary school teachers. A researcher-created questionnaire was used to gather the data. Thetool was rigorously evaluated by two experts. When the instrument’s internal consistency was examined usingCronbach’s alpha, a reliability value of 0.88 was found. At-test was used to assess the hypotheses after arithmeticmean and standard deviation scores were used to analyze the data. The findings demonstrated that the MISassists the school in managing tests, enrolments, and fees by providing different people with password protection.The findings further revealed that MIS opportunities and needs should be identified and prioritized accordingto educational objectives rather than technical criteria. In addition, there is no significant difference in the maleand female teachers’ knowledge about MIS in secondary schools. The implications of the study were drawn andrecommendations proffered.
GEMİ KAPTANININ TÜRK TİCARET KANUNUN’DAN KAYNAKLANAN YETKİ VE GÖREVLERİ İLE HUKUKİ SORUMLULUĞU
Authors: ALHAN Yunus
Published: July 2023

Kaptanın görev ve yetkilerinin belirlendiği birçok uluslararası hukuk düzenlemesi olduğu gibi, ülkeler de bu düzenlemelerle uyumlu olarak iç hukuk sistemlerinde kaptanın görev, yetki ve sorumluluklarını belirlemişlerdir. TTK 1088-1118 hükümleri ile kaptanın yetki, görevlerini ana hatlarıyla çizerek bir çerçeve oluşturulmuştur. Bu hükümlere bakarak; kaptanın deniz ticaretinin tarihsel gelişimi içinde ilk başlarda belirgin olmayan yetkilerinin zaman içinde önemli ölçüde artıp, deniz ticaretinin önemli bir süjesine dönüştüğü görülmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra kaptan geminin sefere hazır bir şekilde yola çıkması, yolda iken denizin olağan tehlikelerine karşı güvenli bir şekilde ilerlemesi ve varma limanına sağ salim varması noktasında önemli görevlere sahiptir. Kaptanın yolculuk başlamadan önce, yolculuk sırasında, yolculuk bittikten sonraki görevlerini TTK’ nın, ‘‘Deniz Ticareti’’ başlıklı 5. Kitabının Üçüncü Kısmını oluşturan ‘‘Kaptan’’ bahsindeki ve Dördüncü Kısmını oluşturan ‘‘Deniz Ticareti Sözleşmeleri’’ hükümlerinde yer almaktadır.
Neoslohová sakrálna architektúra a jej prejavy na Slovensku
Authors:   Ústav dejín a teórie architektúry a obnovy pamiatok, Fakulta architektúry a dizajnu STU, Botek Andrej
Published: July 2023

The changes in social, national and cultural conciousness around a third into the 19th century brought also inspiration in the field of artistic and architectural creation. There was an emphasis oo the artist´s individuality, and inner movements were characteristic. The dynamism and freedom of creation stood in contrast to classicist reservedness and moderation. State, church and national communities simultaneously look for security and support in tradition. It brings preferred historical themes and a direct connection to the historical principles of creation in architecture. The neostyles were applied, and by the end of the 19th century, so was eclecticism. This article deals with the origin and development of neostyles in the field of sacral architecture with a focus on Slovak territory.
Problems Facing External Auditors in Kuwait
Authors: Al-Duwaila Nabi , AL-Mutairi Abdullah
Published: July 2023

Audit quality maintains positive association with the level of confidence of different stakeholders who are concerned about the financial and operational performance of audited financial statements. Hence, the role of the external auditor is unavoidable to restore good corporate governance. The purpose of the study is to identify the problems, which face the external auditors in Kuwait. In order to achieve this objective, 120 questionnaires have been distributed to random external auditors in Kuwait. A total of 100 questionnaires were returned; resulting in 83% usable response rate. The study showed that the external auditors in Kuwait faced many problems regarding the laws and legislations. It also demonstrated that the absence of independent and specialized party for legislations of auditing, insufficient role of professional associations in educating auditors, the weak of internal control over audited companies and the low fees of auditing as the most important problems facing external auditors in Kuwait. The analysis revealed that the lack of confidence between the audit offices and firms, clients relax to some of the audit offices and firm slowdown in paying audit fees seem to be the least significant obstacles facing external auditors. The study concluded that applying appropriate criteria for calculating the audit fees and educating auditors on the importance of adhering to professional ethics are important variables to overcome the auditors’ problems.
The Relationship Between Interest and Liquidated Damages in Construction Contracts
Authors: Shi Zhijun
Published: July 2023

There are certain differences in practice regarding whether the contractor of a construction project construction contract can claim both the contractual or statutory interest and liquidated damages from the employer. From the origin and essence of interest, it can be known that it is a part of the "proceeds" obtained by the lender according to the contract. As long as the delayed payment behavior exists, interest becomes the property that the right holder will inevitably lose. The consequences of the aforementioned "loss" have a direct causal relationship with the debtor's breach of contract and there is no difference due to the construction project or contract. As far as liquidated damages are concerned, they are also a form of liability for breach of contract, with the main purpose of compensating for the losses of the observant party. It is not inappropriate to classify the interest lost by the right holder as a loss under the scope of liability for breach of contract. The basic legal relationship between the employer and the contractor arising from the construction of the project is a contract of contract, not a loan contract. As for the outstanding project funds of the employer, it undoubtedly belongs to the category of overdue payments that are payable but not paid.
Recht spreken én schrijven
Authors: van der Bruggen Geerke , Pander Maat Henk , van Lent Leonie
Published: July 2023

Judicial communication

There is a growing interest in judicial communication – i.e. the interaction of judges with parties in court and the communicative quality of (written) judicial decisions. The aim of our research was to find out more about the role of these communicative aspects, specifically of specific text elements in judicial decisions, in outcome justice judgments of – different types of – litigating parties.

Respondents in this research were three types of parties involved in administrative court proceedings: citizens, their lawyers, and the officials that represent the government. When receiving the written judicial decision in their case, they also got our questionnaire.

All types of litigants in our research perceived a higher level of outcome fairness when the decision was favorable for them. Apart from that, the perceived outcome fairness also depended on the respondents’ trust in judges and their judgments about the judicial communication during the court hearing (interpersonal justice) and in the written court decision (informational justice).

For citizens, outcome favorability did not influence the effect of these factors on perceived outcome fairness. In this respect a clear difference between non-professionals and professionals was found. For both types of professionals involved (the lawyers and the government representatives), trust in judges was more important with low outcome favorability. Only for government officials interpersonal justice was more important in perceived outcome fairness if the outcome was unfavorable.

This means that good interaction with the judge during the court hearing and an understandable and convincing court decision always matter for citizens, regardless of the outcome. At the same time, citizens are the least satisfied litigants when it comes to judicial communication. Also their general trust in judges is lower. As legitimacy of the judiciary is an important goal of judicial communication, the Dutch judiciary is rightly investing in better communication with (litigating) citizens.
Recent Advancement in Ocular Drug Delivery System: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mittal Chavi , Amle Vandana Sonaji , Kumar Roshan , Sood Prachi , Uniyal Archna , Singh Harjeet
Published: July 2023

Recent scientific and technological advancements have made ophthalmology a top priority for the study of therapeutic products, including the creation, preclinical testing, and clinical evaluation of novel medications, medical devices, and drug-medical device combinations. In order to decrease metabolism and elimination and increase residence time in ocular tissues and compartments, sustained-release drug delivery systems such as liposomes, micelles, nano-emulsions, nanoparticles with colloidal structures, and intraocular implants have been developed. Research is also being conducted in the area of cutting-edge medicines, including those based on gene or cell systems, both of which are considered high-risk products because to their intricate structures. Regarding the definition of drug (medicinal product) and recent changes in regulation, this article reviews recent advancements in ophthalmic drug, gene, and cellular delivery systems and related goods as well as breakthroughs in advanced therapeutic medicinal Products.
بيان اهمية استعمال تكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات للأسر والأفراد في المجتمع العراقي بالاساليب الاحصائية
Authors: احمد احمد , عبود سهيل , عبد الجبار انعام
Published: July 2023

تساهم تكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات بدور مهم وفعال وعلى مستوى جميع الانشطة الاقتصادية والسياسية والاجتماعية تزامنا مع وظائف العمل الجديدة في بلدان العالم, ولزيادة النمو الاقتصادي لدولة العراق تمت دراسة مقارنة بين محافظات العراق من خلال بيانات المسح المقدم من قبل وزارة التخطيط في جمهورية العراق/ الجهاز المركزي للاحصاء/ مديرية احصاء النقل والاتصالات والمتمثلة بمدى استخدام تكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات لدى الاسر والافراد في المنازل لسنة 2014 باستعمال التحليل العنقودي من خلال تصنيف المتغيرات في مجاميع تمتاز بصفات وخصائص مشتركة داخل كل مجموعة, وتطبيق طريقة التحليل العنقودي (الربط بين المجاميع) وتم التوصل الى تصنيف فئات العمر والمستوى التعليمي والمحافظات الى مجاميع.
مقارنة بعض طرائق التقدير لانموذج الانحدار الخطي المتعدد بوجود مشكلتي الارتباط الذاتي والتعدد الخطي معاً
Authors: حسين سجى , عبد الجبار زينب
Published: July 2023

من المشاكل التي يمكن ان تظهر في انموذج الانحدار الخطي المتعدد مشكلتي الارتباط الذاتي والتعدد الخطي معا . اذ ان استعمال طريقة المربعات الصغرى الاعتيادية (OLS) لتقدير انموذج الانحدار الخطي المتعدد الذي يعاني من وجود هاتين المشكلتين يؤدي الى تقديرات غير صحيحة وغير مرغوب بها .وفي هذا البحث تم استعمال عده طرائق للتقدير لمعالجة المشكلتين معا وهي طريقة ((Trenkler وطريقة Kaciranlar) (وطريقة ) For Two Stage Ridge Regression Estimator Relaxation ( ومن ثم مقارنة هذه الطرائق من خلال معيار MSE للوصول الى افضل طريقة حيث بينت نتائج المحاكاه بان طريقة (Kaciranlar) هي افضل طريقة
تحديد حجم الدفعة باستعمال خوارزمية Silver-Meal في ظل نظرية القيود / دراسة حالة في شركة ديالى العامة
Authors: جواد مها , العبيدي عمر
Published: July 2023

يهدف البحث الى تكيف تقنيات تحديد حجم الدفعة وأبرزها بخوارزمية Silver-Meal في الشركات العراقية. اعتمد البحث منهج دراسة الحالة للوقوف بشكل موضوعي على مشكلة البحث والمتمثلة بتحديد حجم الدفعة الأفضل لكل منتوج من منتجات معمل المقاييس الالكترونية في شركة ديالى وفي ظل الاختناقات التي تعانيها محطات العمل او القيود والتي تحد من الطاقة الانتاجية. أظهرت نتائج البحث بقدرة تطبيق نظرية القيود بتحديد المزيج الأفضل الذي يحقق الربح الأعلى وبحسب الأولوية، ومساهمتها بمعالجة الاختناق من خلال جدولة الإنتاج في ضوء الطاقة المتاحة في كل محطة عمل شهريا، كما بينت النتائج بأفضلية خوارزمية Silver-Meal في تحديد الحجم الأفضل الدفعة على أسلوب الشركة المتبع وباعتماد معاير الكلفة. الاخذ بالتوصيات التي قدمها البحث والمتمثلة باعتماد الأساليب العلمية في تحديد حجم الدفعة وتطبيق نظرية القيود وإعادة الترتيب الداخلي للمعمل وتدريب العاملين لاستخدام هذه التقنيات يحقق للشركة القدرة على تخفيض تكاليفها وبالتالي زيادة أرباحها.
تطبيق معيار IFRS 3 تجميع الاعمال في البيئة العراقية - المتطلبات والتحديات
Authors: الشمري محمد , العامري زهرة
Published: July 2023

بعد توجيه ديوان الرقابة المالية الاتحادي بصفته جهة مستقلة تراقب على المال العام والمختلط المؤسسات المندمجة الممولة ذاتياّ باعتماد معيار الابلاغ المالي الدولي رقم (3) تجميع الاعمال (IFRS3) كاساس في عمليات الاندماج كونه يوفر معلومات اكثر ملائمة عن هذه الشركات، وعلى ضوء ذلك دارت تساؤلات البحث في محورين, الأول مدى توافر الشروط لتطبيق معيار(3) في الشركات الصناعية العراقية(قطاع عام الممول ذاتياً)؟ والثاني ماهي التحديات التي من المحتمل تواجها تلك الشركات عند تطبيق معيار الابلاغ المالي الدولية رقم (3) تجميع الاعمال، وقد تجلى الهدف الرئيس للبحث من تحديد متطلبات وتحديات تطبيق معيار الابلاغ المالي الدولي (3) تجميع الاعمال في الشركات الممولة ذاتياً بالبيئة العراقية, وتوصل البحث الى عدة استنتاجات كان من اهمها: ان اهم متطلب لتطبيق معيار (IFRS3) هو تقييم الاصول والالتزامات بالقيمة العادلة والتي من شروطها توافر اسواق نشطة وهذا غير متوفر حالياً في البيئة العراقية. ومن التوصيات التي جاء بها البحث: بالامكان الاعتماد على القيمة الحالية للتدفقات النقدية المستقبلية بدل من القيمة العادلة للأصول والخصوم للشركات العراقية المندمجة لأغراض التقييم والمقارنة في تاريخ الإندماج وبالتالي تحديد قيمة الشهرة.
اثر المسوولية الاجتماعية للمنظمة التعليمية في تطبيق معايير جودة التعليم العالي دراسة استطلاعية لأراء عينة من اساتذة قسمي الادارة والمحاسبة في كلية الرافدين الجامعة
Authors: الجبوري زياد
Published: July 2023

يهدف البحث الى قياس مستوى المسؤولية الاجتماعية لدى المنظمات التعليمية اتجاه تطبيق معايير الجودة، باعتبار ان المسؤولية الاجتماعية هي التزام اخلاقي لاتفرضه الانظمة والقوانين بل تفرضه ضرورات المنفعة المجتمعية العامة، اما الجودة فهي تمثل فلسفة شاملة للحياة والعمل ليس فقط لمنظمات الاعمال بل امتدت وبشكل ملحوظ نحو المؤسسات التعليمية، وقد اختير مجتمع وعينة البحث بصورة قصدية لاساتذة قسمي الادارة والمحاسبة في كلية الرافدين الجامعة والبالغ عددهم (30) استاذ واستاذة وتم معالجة البيانات التي تم جمعها باستخدام الوسائل الاحصائية كالتوزيع الاحصائي والوسط الحسابي الموزون والنسبة المئوية والانحراف المعياري ومعامل ارتباط اسبيرمان وتحليل الانحدار البسيط ومن اهم الاستنتاجات التي تم التوصل اليها ان هناك اهتمام كبير جدا بالمسؤولية الاجتماعية وخاصة في مجال الرؤية الاستراتيجية وكان على حساب متغيرين ثقافة المنظمة والتحسين المستمر مما يتوجب تركيز الاهتمام بها وبشكل كبير، ومن اهم التوصيات هي تعزيز الجهود الرامية للكلية باتجاه تطوير ثقافتها التنظيمية والعمل على نشرها بالشكل الذي يليق بسمعة الكلية مما يؤدي الى التزامها بأجراء عمليات التحسين المستمر على انشطتها واقسامها.
القيم الإخبارية لمقاطع الفيديو في المواقع الإلكترونية - دراسة تحليلية في موقعي شبكة الإعلام العراقي والحرة عراق
Authors: حسني حسني
Published: July 2023

يسعى هذا البحث للتعرف إلى القيم الإخبارية التي تضمنتها مقاطع الفيديو المنشورة في المواقع الإلكترونية ممثلة بموقعي شبكة الإعلام العراقي والحرة عراق للمدة من 1/1/2019م إلى 31/1/2019م، ينتمي البحث إلى البحوث الوصفية واعتمد الباحث على منهج المسح التحليلي مستخدمًا أداة تحليل المضمون لتحقيق الأهداف، توصل الباحث إلى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات أهمها: إنَّ القيمة الإخبارية الأكثر ظهورًا في مقاطع الفيديو في الموقعين قيد التحليل هي قيمة الآنية أو الحالية، ما يعكس اهتمام القائمين بالاتصال في مواكبة ما يجري من أحداث وقضايا داخل المجتمع العراقي أو خارجه وتقديمها بشكل فوري، فضلًا عن اكتساب الموقعين صفة المواقع المحافظة لظهور قيم مثل الأهمية والقرب على حساب قيم أخرى مثل الإثارة والغرابة التي غالبًا ما تظهر في مواقع شعبية.
تأثير القيادة الرؤيوية في مشاركة المعرفة بحث تحليلي في قسم الموارد البشرية - رئاسة جامعة بغداد
Authors: كاظم حيدر
Published: July 2023

يسعى البحث الى تسليط الضوء على اهمية اعتماد القيادة الرؤيوية كأداة مهمة وفاعلة من اجل طرح وتوليد وتقديم افكار مفيدة وابتكار وسائل وطرق بديلة بغية توظيفها في تطوير القوى العاملة وخلق ممارسات عمل مرنة ومبتكرة. اذ يمكن نجاح القيادة الرؤيوية في التأثير في التشارك المعرفي بين القوى العاملة من خلال جعل الموظفين اكثر التزاما وولاء في اداء المهام الموكلة اليهم دون الحاجة الى توجيههم او ارشادهم ومتابعتهم. اذ تمثل القيادة الرؤيوية ودورها في التأثير على مشاركة المعرفة، الاساس الفكري للبحث الحالي، وكيفية الاستفادة منها في تعزيز الكفاءة المعرفية والمهارات الادارية والفنية من اجل خلق قوى عاملة مؤهلة وفعالة في التأثير والتواصل الجيد مع رؤسائهم في العمل من خلال توفير البيئة الداعمة والمستلزمات الضرورية لانجاح اساليب القيادة الرؤيوية. تضمنت عينة البحث 80 فرداً تم توزيع استبانة البحث كأداة لجمع البيانات حيث تم اختيارهم بصورة عشوائية من بين مدارء وموظفي شعب ووحدات قسم الموارد الادارية برئاسة جامعة بغداد. اظهرت النتائج ان هنالك علاقة وثيقة بين ابعاد القيادة الرؤيوية في المشاركة بالمعرفة. اذ ارتبطت البرامج التدريبية التي تتاح للموظفين بشكل ايجابي على تنمية معرفة المتدربين من اجل مشاركتها في بيئة العمل. وفي ضوء النتائج التي توصل اليها البحث قدمت مجموعة من الاستناجات والتوصيات.
Yunan Başbakanı İoannis Metaksas’ın Ankara Ziyareti ve Akisleri (18-22 Ekim 1937)
Authors: YILDIRIM KIRIŞ Özlem
Published: July 2023

İonnis Metaksas, 1871’de Kefalonya’da doğdu. Metaksas, yirmi yaşında Atina Harbiye Mektebini teğmen rütbesiyle birincilikle tamamladı ve tahsilini geliştirmek üzere Almanya Harp Akademisine gitti. Balkan Savaşlarında görev alan Metaksas, 1915 senesinde Erkânı Harbiye Reisliğine getirildi. Venizelos’un iktidara gelmesinden sonra Venizelos ile anlaşamayan Metaksas, vazifesinden ayrıldı ve 1917 yılında siyaset hayatına atıldı. 1936 da kurulan Demircis Kabinesinde, Harbiye Nazırlığı görevinde bulundu daha sonra Başbakanlık görevine atandı. General Metaksas, 4 Ağustos 1936’da geniş yetkilere sahip olarak Hükümet Reisi oldu.

Bu çalışmada Yunanistan Başbakanı İoannis Metaksas’ın 18-22 Ekim 1937’de Türkiye’ye yaptığı ziyaret ve bu ziyaret kapsamında İstanbul ve Ankara’daki görüşme ve temasları değerlendirilmiştir. Metaksas’ın Ankara’da yapmış olduğu ikili müzakereler Türk-Yunan ilişkilerinin seyri ve Balkan Antantı birliği açısından büyük önem taşımıştır. Metaksas, Ankara ziyaretinde Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Başbakan İsmet İnönü ve Başbakan Vekili Celal Bayar ile ikili görüşmeler yapmıştır. Ankara’da çeşitli yerleri ve kurumları ziyaret eden Metaksas, şehir halkı tarafından ilgi, coşku ve sevgiyle karşılanmıştır.
Impact of optimism versus pessimism on life satisfaction in university students
Authors: Gavín-Chocano Óscar , García-Martínez Inmaculada , Molero David
Published: July 2023

Being optimistic or pessimistic is a form of intuitive, premonitory thinking that is conditioned by one’s personal experience. Some authors consider this attitude to be a subjective construction relating to expectations generated, motivation and effort. Others authors consider it to be a personality trait linked to life satisfaction and adaptive response to context. For this study, 561 university students participated, with an average age of 20.31 years (±3.46). The instruments used were the Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). The aim of the study was to determine the structure of the LOT-R instrument, since many studies have questioned its unidimensional or twodimensional structure, which compromises the instrument’s validity. Subsequently, it was related to the SWLS through a Structural Equation Model. The results showed that the two-dimensional model (optimism and pessimism) was the most appropriate (χ²/df = 4.36; RMSEA=.072; SRMR=.044; GFI=.960; CFI=.979). Subsequently, the results described above were related to the Life Satisfaction variable, which reinforced the theoretical model proposed. Findings corroborated the double dimensionality of the LOT-R instrument, with a positive relationship between optimism and life satisfaction, and a negative relationship between pessimism and life satisfaction.
Unmasking Structural Racism in U.S. Medical Education: Advancing Equity for Underrepresented Medical Students
Authors: Traylor Daryl O , Anderson Eboni E , Kirby Destiney , Hodges Asia Nichole , Clark Brianna , Sinatra Stephen
Published: July 2023

The COVID pandemic cast a harsh light on the structural and systemic health inequalities that exist in American society and in U.S. medical education. Black and Brown communities were disproportionately affected, and the pandemic highlighted the need for a diverse physician and healthcare workforce. Both the lack of equitable, high-quality healthcare in underrepresented communities and the obstacles that students who are underrepresented in medicine (URiM) experience in medical school are direct consequences of the structural racism that flourishes in U.S. medical schools and healthcare institutions. In this article, we explain structural racism and how it has manifested itself in medical education, including the lack of diversity among faculty and leadership, implicit biases and stereotypes about people of color, and discriminatory language used in evaluations of URiM students. We conclude with potential solutions for addressing structural racism in medical education. These include increasing diversity among faculty and leadership, implementing antiracist curricula, and providing mentorship and support for URiM students. Ultimately, we aim to promote discussion and action to eliminate structural racism in medical education in America.
The role of "Food Hubs" in the relationship construction between organic farm producers through short chain supply in Porto Alegre (RS)
Authors: Klein Adriano Diego , Klein Caroline Rippe de Mello , Schultz Glauco
Published: July 2023

This article will analyze the role of food hubs, whose concept can be understood as that of multiplatform that sells fresh organic products, which generate interactive relationships between producers and consumers. Based on this premise, so that we can understand this conceptual transcendence, 3 food hubs in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre were chosen as a study to verify and understand how these relationships occur. Through the research, in a first analysis, it was possible to observe the various initiatives that generate loyalty, engagement, empathy between the parties and, above all, the incentive that leads to interaction and mutual knowledge. In this way, these food hubs proved to be promoters of the producer-consumer relationship, far beyond the mere communication of information, which end up encouraging long-term interactions and empathy between the stakeholders involved in the entire process.