bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sprint and Strength Training Modulates Autophagy and Proteostasis in Aging Sprinters
Authors: HENTILÄ JAAKKO , HULMI JUHA J. , LAAKKONEN EIJA K. , AHTIAINEN JUHA P. , SUOMINEN HARRI , KORHONEN MARKO T.
Published: March 2020

Purpose

Exercise and aging may modulate muscle protein homeostasis and autophagy, but few studies examine highly trained middle-age or older individuals. This study elucidated the effects of a new long-term training stimulus on markers of muscle autophagy and unfolded protein response (UPR) and on sprint running performance in masters sprinters.

Methods

Thirty-two male competitive sprinters (age 40–76 yr) were randomly divided into experimental (EX) and control (CTRL) groups. The EX training program was a combination of heavy and explosive strength and sprint exercises aimed at improving sprint performance. Fifteen and thirteen participants completed the 20-wk intervention period in EX and CTRL, respectively. The latter were told to continue their routine exercises. Key protein markers were analyzed by Western blotting from vastus lateralis (VL) muscle biopsies. The muscle thickness of VL was analyzed by ultrasonography and sprint performance by a 60-m running test.

Results

EX induced improvement in 60-m sprint performance when compared with controls (time–group, P = 0.003) without changes in VL muscle thickness. Content of lipidated microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3-II) increased in EX (P = 0.022), suggesting increased autophagosome content. In addition, an autophagosome clearance marker sequestosome 1 (p62) decreased in EX (P = 0.006). Markers of UPR selectively modulated with decreases (e.g., ATF4, P = 0.003) and increases (e.g., EIF2α, P = 0.019) observed in EX.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that a new intensive training stimulus that combines strength training with sprint training may increase muscle autophagosome content in a basal state without any evidence of impaired autophagosome clearance in masters sprinters. Simultaneously, the combined training may have a selective effect on the content of UPR signaling components.
Implications of the Syrian Civil War on the Alawites
Authors: Sinkaya Bayram
Published: March 2020

Anti-regime demonstrations erupted in Syria in 2011 that turned into armed conflicts and then a civil war wrecked the country for over eight years have profoundly impacted all social groups. The Alawite background of the long-lasting ruling family, the Assads, and the growing sectarian characteristics of the conflict drew projections particularly on the Alawite community. Indeed, it was regarded very critical both for the continuation of the ruling regime, and for the potential success of its opposition. There have been many debates in various occasions on the Alawite’s relations with the opposition and the Assad administration, however, currently there are few scholarly researches on implications of the civil war with regard to the Alawite community. Moreover, the existing literature underexplored communitarian concerns of the Alawites and effects of clashes on them. It also underestimated breaks among the Alawites, and their complicated relations with the regime and the opposition. This article aimed at analyzing the position of Syrian Alawites in a period that start with the anti-government demonstrations that evolved into the civil war. In this respect, it reviewed the Alawites’ relations with both the Assad administration and the opposition, and it discussed implications of the civil war on this community. It appeared that the Alawites did not act in a monolithic way in the face of anti-regime demonstrations; while some of them stood behind the Assad administration, a considerable part of them tended towards opposition. However, the growing sectarian color of the conflict that deepened sectarian concerns of the most of the Alawites, led them to extend their support to the Assad administration against the Islamist-dominated opposition. However, it did not mean that the Alawites had seamless relations with the Assad administration; and the Alawite support for the Assad could not be explained solely by sectarian reasons. There has been a number of sociological, historical and political factors that affected the Alawite choice.
Hubungan antara Lingkungan Fisik dengan Kelelahan Kerja Pegawai Produksi di Pabrik Tahu Sutera Galih Dabeda
Authors: Yogisutanti Gurdani , Firmansyah Dhony , Suyono Suyono
Published: March 2020

Background: Fatigue is a workplace accident that decreased efficiency and endurance at work. This study aims to determine the factors that influence work fatigue in tofu production workers at the Galih Dabeda Silk Tofu Factory Kampung Cibuntu Bandung. Method: The research was cross sectional design and sample in the form of total sampling with a total of 80 employees. Data collection is done through interviews and direct measurements. Data analysis was performed univariately and bivariately with chi square test and the magnitude of the relationship (OR). Results: Factors related to work fatigue are noise (p-value 0,0001) and lighting (p-value 0,0001), but heat stress (p-value 0.532; OR 1.045 95%; 0.987- 1,112) did not correlate with fatigue. Conclusion: The conclusion that can be drawn from this study is the noise and lighting associated with the occurrence of work fatigue in employees in the factory know, while the heat pressure is not proven to be associated with work fatigue. Suggestions that can be recommended are to provide alternating hours of rest for 30-60 minutes to employees, use personal protective equipment as needed and drink water at least 8-10 glasses a day or 160 - 200 ml of water in one day according to their respective needs the worker.
Medical adhesive-related skin injury
Authors: Kelly-O'Flynn Sinéad , Mohamud Luxmi , Copson Dale
Published: March 2020

The skin's main function is to act as a physical barrier against harmful substances. Medical adhesive-related skin injury (MARSI) is a prevalent and under-reported condition that compromises the skin's integrity. Repeated applications and removal of appliances can increase the likelihood of MARSI occurring. Prevention and treatment are key to ensure appropriate skin preparation, product appliance and removal. The use of structured approaches is imperative and there is a need to increase the awareness of MARSI among patients and health professionals to ensure that informed decisions are made.
Developments in silicone technology for use in stoma care
Authors: Swift Thomas , Westgate Gillian , Van Onselen Julie , Lee Stewart
Published: March 2020

Soft silicone's flexibility, adhesive capacity and non-toxic, non-odourous and hypoallergenic nature have made it an established material for adhesive and protective therapeutic devices. In wound care, silicone is a component of contact layer dressings for superficial wounds and silicone gel sheeting for reducing the risk of scarring, as well as of barriers for incontinence-associated dermatitis. Regarding stoma accessories, silicone is established in barrier films to prevent contact dermatitis, adhesive removers to prevent skin stripping and filler gels to prevent appliance leaks. Until recently, silicone has not been used in stoma appliances flanges, as its hydrophobic nature has not allowed for moisture management to permit trans-epidermal water loss and prevent maceration. Traditional hydrocolloid appliances manage moisture by absorbing water, but this can lead to saturation and moisture-associated skin damage (MASD), as well as increased adhesion and resultant skin tears on removal, known as medical adhesive-related skin injury (MARSI). However, novel silicone compounds have been developed with a distinct evaporation-based mechanism of moisture management. This uses colloidal separation to allow the passage of water vapour at a rate equivalent to normal trans-epidermal water loss. It has been shown to minimise MASD, increase wear time and permit atraumatic removal without the use of adhesive solvents. Trio Healthcare has introduced this technology with a range of silicone-based flange extenders and is working with the University of Bradford Centre for Skin Sciences on prototype silicone-based stoma appliance flanges designed to significantly reduce the incidence of peristomal skin complications, such as MARSI and MASD. It is hoped that this will also increase appliance wear time, reduce costs and improve patient quality of life.
Maternity leave as a specialist nurse
Authors: Goringe Michelle
Published: March 2020

Michelle Goringe, IBD Nurse Specialist at York Teaching Hospital, recalls the challenges of taking time off and returning to work as a new mother
Robust and fast filtering method for enhancement of two-dimensional quality-guided path unwrapping algorithms
Authors: Mostafavi Amjad Jafar
Published: March 2020

This paper presents a new filtering algorithm for reducing phase noise based on the bicubic interpolation method (BIM). The unwrapped phase map accuracy is enhanced by the combination of BIM with a conventional unwrapping algorithm. The bicubic interpolation filtering (BIF) and bicubic interpolation smoothed filtering (BISF) methods are two powerful low-pass filters. The simulation shows that the BIF and BISF convert the initial noise distribution to Gaussian distribution. The Mirau interferometer is used to improve the performance of the proposed filtering algorithms. The root mean square error between two quality-guided path unwrapping algorithms and BISF method is estimated at approximately 31 nm.
Molecular Rydberg-state excitation in laser pulses: bandwidth and orbital symmetry
Authors: Shu Zheng , Liu Mingqing , Hu Shilin , Chen Jing
Published: March 2020

We have performed a comparison study of the Rydberg-state excitation of model molecules (1π
g
and 1π
u
states) in different laser fields by the approaches of time-dependent Schrödinger equation and a fully quantum-mechanical model, and both simulations show good accordance. It is found that the peak structure of the Rydberg-state population vs laser intensity becomes pronounced for longer laser pulses due to the stronger interference effect between the subwave packets released in different optical cycles, and the locations of the intensity-dependent peaks closely satisfy the multi-photon resonant transition condition. In addition, it is demonstrated that the populations of the Rydberg states possessing the identical parity oscillate in an inverse manner with increasing laser intensity for different initial states (1π
g
and 1π
u
), and the aforementioned distinct phenomenon is attributed to the additional phase introduced by the symmetry of 1π
g
state with respect to that of 1π
u
state.
Nonlinear refraction in CH3NH3PbBr3 single crystals
Authors: Kriso Christian , Stein Markus , Haeger Tobias , Pourdavoud Neda , Gerhard Marina , Rahimi-Iman Arash , Riedl Thomas , Koch Martin
Published: March 2020

We measure both nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction in a

C
H

3

N
H

3

P
b
B
r

3

single crystal using the Z-scan technique with femtosecond laser pulses. At 1000 nm, we obtain values of 5.2 cm/GW and

+

9.5

⋅

10

−
14

c
m

2

/

W

for nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction, respectively. The sign and magnitude of the observed refractive nonlinearity are reproduced well by the two-band model. Our results suggest that the large nonlinear refractive index measured in perovskite nanostructures cannot be explained by an intrinsically high bound-electronic nonlinear refractive index in this emerging material class but is possibly caused by free carriers or quantum confinement effects.
Single-mode Bragg ring laser diodes
Authors: Janjua Bilal , Lon Iu Meng , Charles Paul , Chen Eric , Helmy Amr S.
Published: March 2020

We have designed and fabricated a monolithic semiconductor ring laser based on a Bragg waveguide structure. Through careful control of the waveguiding, we have overcome the inherent “leaky” nature of this waveguide mode and demonstrated a ring laser lasing in the Bragg mode. Best behavior was obtained from lasers with a diameter of 400 µm, where they exhibited output power

>

1

m
W

, in continuous wave (CW) operation. A tangent waveguide provided access to the ring cavity using two ports through evanescent coupling. To meet the stringent waveguiding requirements imposed by the Bragg structure, a two-step etching process, consisting of a shallow-etched coupler and a deep-etched bend section of the ring, was developed in order to reduce the bend and scattering losses. The laser showed a threshold current density of

∼

2.2

k
A

/

c
m

2

in CW operation with single longitudinal mode operation with a signal-to-noise ratio of 30 dBm obtained at 1.5

I

t
h

. Broadband phase-matching of

χ

(
2
)

nonlinearity is observed, offering self-pumped parametric C-band conversion

>

40

n
m

with efficiency of

142

%

W

−
1

c
m

−
2

.
Phase-modulated axilenses for infrared multiband spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Yuyao , Britton Wesley A. , Dal Negro Luca
Published: March 2020

We design and characterize compact phase-modulated axilens devices that combine efficient point focusing and grating selectivity within four-level phase mask configurations. Specifically, we select and characterize in detail two device configurations designed for long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) operation in the

6

µ

m

−

12

µ

m

wavelength range. These devices are ideally suited for monolithic integration atop the substrate layers of infrared focal plane arrays (IR-FPAs) for use in multiband LWIR photodetection. We systematically study their focusing efficiency, spectral response, and crosstalk ratio, and we demonstrate a single-component microspectrometer. Our design method leverages the Rayleigh–Sommerfeld (RS) diffraction theory that is validated numerically using the finite element method (FEM). The proposed devices are broadband and polarization insensitive and add fundamental spectroscopic capabilities to miniaturized optical components for a number of applications in LWIR detection and spectroscopy.
Dual-polarization Dirac cones in a simple 2D square lattice photonic crystal
Authors: Rodríguez J. A. , Wang B. , Cappelli M. A.
Published: March 2020

We report on dual-polarization Dirac cones in a simple square lattice
two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal (PC) based on transmission at
accidental degeneracies centered at the

k
=

0

symmetry (

Γ

) point. Finite difference time domain
simulations are used to identify the material and geometric parameters
for Dirac-like dispersion. A configuration that produces a Dirac-like
point for both transverse electric and transverse magnetic
polarizations at the same frequency is presented. The PC dispersion
shows the expected threefold degenerate linear branch crossings at the
Dirac-like point. Full-field electromagnetic wave simulations exhibit
some common behaviors of devices based on Dirac-like dispersion, such
as cloaking and waveguiding. The configuration works for a
considerable range of the parameter space, and thus is experimentally
realizable with a wide range of materials.
Production of 100-TW single attosecond x-ray pulse
Authors: Xu Xinrong , Zhang Yuxue , Zhang Hua , Lu Haiyang , Zhou Weiming , Zhou Cangtao , Dromey Brendan , Zhu Shaoping , Zepf Mathew , He Xiantu , Qiao Bin
Published: March 2020

Attosecond light sources have provided insight into the fastest atomic-scale electronic dynamics. True attosecond-pump–attosecond-probe experiments require a single attosecond pulse at high intensity and large photon energy, a challenge that has yet to be conquered. Here we show 100-TW single attosecond x-ray pulses with unprecedented intensity of

10

21

W

/

c
m

2

and duration 8.0 as can be produced by intense laser irradiation of a capacitor-nanofoil target composed of two separate nanofoils. In the interaction, a strong electrostatic potential develops between the two foils, which drags electrons out of the second foil and piles them up in vacuum, forming an ultradense relativistic electron nanobunch. This nanobunch reaches both high density and high energy in only half a laser cycle and smears out in others, resulting in coherent synchrotron emission of a single, intense attosecond pulse. Such a pulse enables the capture and control of electron motion at the picometer–attosecond scale.
Double grating shearing interferometry for X-ray free-electron laser beams
Authors: Makita Mikako , Seniutinas Gediminas , Seaberg Matthew H. , Lee Hae Ja , Galtier Eric C. , Liang Mengning , Aquila Andrew , Boutet Sébastien , Hashim Akel , Hunter Mark S. , van Driel Tim , Zastrau Ulf , David Christian , Nagler Bob
Published: March 2020

The advancements in bright and coherent X-ray free-electron lasers
(XFEL) have in the last decade revolutionized diverse fields of study,
leading to an ever-increasing demand in more intense X-ray pulses. The
accurate knowledge of the wavefront and the focal profile of such
pulses ultimately dictates much of the experimental outcome. Here we
present a single-shot shearing interferometry method to measure the
wavefront of a focused hard XFEL pulse. Two identical transmission
gratings are placed near the focus, and the interference pattern of
overlapping diffraction orders is analyzed, resulting in a
two-dimensional reconstruction of the X-ray wavefront. The spatial
resolution and wavefront sensitivity can be tuned in-situ during the measurement. The method is non-invasive
(i.e., the zeroth order or transmitted pulse is not modified in
intensity or profile), allowing for either a simultaneous intensity
measurement at high resolution or a fully characterized transmitted
pulse for general experimental use.
Ethics and the study of media as environments1
Authors: Strate Lance
Published: March 2020

Despite the different positions that Marshall McLuhan and Neil Postman took in regard to moral or ethical judgements, common ground can be found in the insistence that we first need to work towards understanding media, and only then can we take part in their ethical evaluation. Media ecology, as the study of media as environments and the study of environments as media, is also the study of the conditions we live under, that in turn condition us. Based in part on the philosophy of Hannah Arendt, the human condition can be divided into three basic categories, the symbolic, the technological and the biophysical, with the possible addition of a fourth, the spiritual. As part of the human condition, ethics can be considered a medium with a message of its own, a medium that is altered as we move from oral to chirographic, typographic and electronic media environments. Building on this understanding, we can develop a media ecology ethics, and to that end, some basic elements of a media ecology ethics are introduced.
AlmaMater: património bibliográfico e identidade na Universidade de Coimbra
Authors: Miguéis Ana Eva
Published: March 2020

A AlmaMater é a biblioteca digital de fundo antigo da Universidade de Coimbra, apresentada publicamente em julho de 2010. A AlmaMater congrega várias coleções digitais representativas da Biblioteca Geral da Universidade de Coimbra, das bibliotecas de diferentes unidades orgânicas e, também, bibliotecas temáticas, como é o caso da República Digital, História da Ciência ou Mapas Nabais Conde, que assinalam acontecimentos ou factos importantes diversos e que constituem, no seu conjunto, um repositório bibliográfi co de grande valor histórico, bibliográfi co e documental. A Alma- Mater resultou de um propósito muito claro da Universidade de Coimbra, que foi o de promover e facilitar o acesso aos fundos antigos das suas bibliotecas, aos investigadores e ao grande público, e de os disponibilizar através de uma plataforma na Internet, dando a conhecer o importante património bibliográfico da Universidade e reforçando a sua identidade. Os recursos digitais disponibilizados na AlmaMater abarcam um conjunto diversifi cado de documentos – livros, jornais, revistas, fotografias, mapas, gravuras – que vão do Séc. XIII ao séc. XX, sendo possível percorrer todo este intervalo de tempo, de forma ágil e intuitiva. Neste texto, pretende-se abordar os aspetos mais significativos desta biblioteca digital, fazendo referência à sua estrutura e organização, aos fundos bibliográficos que a constituem, aos aspetos e funcionalidades desenvolvidas e às melhorias implementadas ao longo do tempo. Reconhece-se que a experiência adquirida no tratamento do património bibliográfico da Universidade de Coimbra, o acompanhamento dos processos de digitalização, o desenvolvimento de plataformas digitais e a integração de objetos digitais foram fatores determinante para o sucesso deste projeto. Conclui-se, afirmando que a AlmaMater é um projeto de grande importância estratégica, com impacto na divulgação do valioso património cultural da Universidade de Coimbra junto de investigadores nacionais e internacionais, e também junto dos cidadãos, cumprindo deste modo com uma importante função universitária, a de suscitar a curiosidade de novos públicos.
A construção dos novos estabelecimentos da Reforma Pombalina da Universidade de Coimbra, dirigida por Guilherme Elsden
Authors: Lobo Rui
Published: March 2020

Há cerca de três anos, iniciámos um processo de cotejo sistemático da documentação escrita relativa à Reforma Pombalina da Universidade de Coimbra (1772-1777), com os levantamentos, desenhos e projetos para os novos estabelecimentos, dirigidos e produzidos pelo Tenente-Coronel de origem britânica Guilherme Elsden. Nesse quadro, realizámos uma comunicação para o ciclo de conferências «A Universidade de Coimbra no caminho para a Contemporaneidade», da 19ª Semana Cultural da Universidade de Coimbra (dedicada ao tema «Quem somos?»), que teve lugar na Casa das Caldeiras, em Coimbra, a 27 de abril de 2017. Coordenámos, seguidamente, uma exposição de desenhos da Reforma Pombalina, no Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro (com a Dr.ª Virgínia Gomes, patente entre outubro de 2018 e fevereiro de 2019), onde pudemos organizar cronologicamente um conjunto alargado de peças gráfi cas (algumas pertencentes à Biblioteca Geral da Universidade de Coimbra), sequência que veio validar e reforçar a nossa primeira leitura dos factos. No presente artigo (que resulta, em grande medida, do texto da comunicação de 2017) retomamos o estabelecimento de uma base cronológica para a datação de alguns desenhos-chave que foram sendo realizados no curto espaço de pouco mais de um ano, entre finais de 1772 e inícios de 1774. A seriação desses desenhos mostra como a Reforma Pombalina recebeu um incremento no impacto urbano e na escala das suas arquiteturas durante esse tempo, em particular na definição de estabelecimentos como o Observatório Astronómico e o Laboratório Chimico. Esse incremento deveu- -se, em parte, ao desenvolvimento natural das propostas, mas também, e em grande medida, ao competente desempenho de Elsden e ao crescente entusiasmo do próprio Marquês de Pombal em relação aos novos projetos.
Very Early Onset of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Patient With Long-Segment Hirschsprung's Disease
Authors: Wolfson Sharon , Whitfield Van Buren Kristin
Published: March 2020

Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a congenital defect caused by impaired development of the enteric nervous system. Inflammatory bowel disease has an increased prevalence in patients with HSCR. We describe the clinical course of a patient with long-segment HSCR who, at the age of 12 months, developed diffuse intestinal inflammation most clinically consistent with very early onset inflammatory bowel disease. We further explore previous studies that implicate the underlying neuroenteric abnormalities in HSCR as possible explanations for this patient's intestinal immune and inflammatory dysregulation.
THE TIME DELAY OF AIR/OXYGEN MIXTURE DELIVERY AFTER THE CHANGE OF SET FIO2: AN IMPROVEMENT OF A NEONATAL MATHEMATICAL MODEL
Authors: Tejkl Leoš , Ráfl Jakub , Kudrna Petr
Published: March 2020

Oxygen therapy is an essential treatment of premature infants suffering from hypoxemia. Normoxemia is maintained by an adjustment of the fraction of oxygen (FiO2) in the inhaled gas mixture that is set manually or automatically based on peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2). Automatic closed-loop systems could be more successful in controlling SpO2 than traditional manual approaches. Computer models of neonatal oxygen transport have been developed as a tool for design, validation, and comparison of the automatic control algorithms. The aim of this study was to investigate and implement the time delay of oxygen delivery after a change of set FiO2 during noninvasive ventilation support to enhance an available mathematical model of neonatal oxygen transport. The time delay of oxygen delivery after the change of FiO2 during the noninvasive nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (nCPAP) ventilation support and during the High Flow High Humidity Nasal Cannula (HFHHNC) ventilation support was experimentally measured using an electromechanical gas blender and a physical model of neonatal lungs. Results show the overall time delay of the change in the oxygen fraction can be divided into the baseline of delay, with a typical time delay 5.5 s for nCPAP and 6.5 s for HFHHNC s, and an exponential rising phase with a time constant about 2–3 s. A delay subsystem was implemented into the mathematical model for a more realistic performance when simulating closed-loop control of oxygenation.
Bioimpedance analysis in determining body composition in women with systemic lupus erythematosus: a pilot study
Authors: Kondratyeva L. V. , Panafidina T. A. , Popkova T. V. , Varaeva Yu. R. , Starodubova A. V.
Published: March 2020

Objective: to determine body composition (BC) in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), by using bioimpedance analysis.

Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 12 women with a reliable diagnosis of SLE, who were followed up at the Clinic of the V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology. Their median age was 46.5 [38.5; 54.7] years. All the patients underwent estimation of waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI). BC was analyzed using an InBody 770 multi-frequency bioimpedance analyzer (Biospace Co. Ltd, South Korea) at the Clinical Nutrition Clinic, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Biotechnology.

Results and discussion. BMI corresponding to overweight or obesity was observed in 67% of patients; abdominal obesity (AO) was seen in 83%. BC study showed that in most patients, adipose tissue mass was greater than the normal values (75%), lean body mass, skeletal muscle mass, and the amount of body water were within normal limits (83%), and the basal metabolic rate was reduced (67%). There were positive correlations between the percentage of adipose tissue and BMI (r=0.9; p<0.01), WC (r=0.7; p<0.01), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (r=0.6; p<0.05), and complement C3 concentrations (r=0.9; p<0.01). Similar results were obtained when assessing the relationship between visceral fat area and BMI (r=0.9; p<0.01), WC (r=0.78; p<0.01), CRP (r=0.6; p<0.05), complement component C3 (r=0.8; p<0.01). There was an inverse correlation between visceral fat area and the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) (r=-0.6; p<0.05).

Conclusion. Most women with SLE have AO, increased adipose tissue mass, normal lean body mass, and decreased basal metabolism. There is a direct correlation of visceral fat content and inflammatory markers (CRP, complement component C3) and an inverse correlation of those with the SLEDAI-2K.
Data from a prospective study of the features of systemic lupus erythematosus in patients of Kyrgyzstan (Eurasian RENAISSANCE Register)
Authors: Koilubaeva G. M. , Aseeva E. A. , Solovyev S. K. , Karimova E. R. , Nikishina N. Yu. , Dzhuzenova F. S. , Lila A. M. , Nasonov E. L. , Dzhichambaev E. Zh.
Published: March 2020

Objective: to study and analyze the clinical and laboratory manifestations, course, and outcome of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in patients living in Kyrgyzstan.

Patients and methods. The prospective study included 150 young patients aged 34 [26, 44] years in a Kyrgyz cohort (KC) with SLE, the disease of which was 3.0 [0.7; 10] years. All clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data of patients, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) indicators, and treatment regimens were recorded in the international research base, such as British Lupus Integrated Prospective System (BLIPS). SLE activity was assessed using the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K). At the end of the observation, the investigators assessed the following indicators: the number of exacerbations of SLE by the SELENA Flare Index (SFI); the onset of complete or drug-induced remission; the number of deaths; and the development of irreversible organ damages (IOD) according to the damage index (DI).

Results and discussion. When seeing the physician for the first time, the KC included more patients with high (n=61 (40.66%)) and very high (n=40 (26.67%)) disease activity. Most (n=60 (40%)) patients were observed to have a subacute type of the course of the disease. At the first visit, the most common manifestations of SLE were damages to the skin (n=99 (72.67%)), serous membranes (n=91 (60.67%)), and lupus nephritis (n=79 (52.67%)). IODs were identified in 15.33% of the patients and were absent in 84.67%. IODs were more often due to the administration of glucocorticoids (GCs) in 43.48% of cases. However, GC therapy was not a predictor of organ damages (relative risk, 0.91; p>0.05). In the KC, the significant predictors of adverse outcomes were old-age onset SLE and its high activity, acute course, and frequent exacerbations.

Conclusion. The KC patients had high and very high clinical and laboratory activities (40.6 and 26.6%, respectively), mainly those of acute and subacute SLE (32 and 40%, respectively), obvious immunological disorders. There was a preponderance of damages to the skin (73%), serous membranes (61%), and kidney (53%) among the clinical manifestations of SLE. IODs were found in 15.33% of patients at their study inclusion. These were more frequently represented by GC-induced changes. However, the ongoing GC therapy in the KC patients was not a predictor of organ damages. The significant predictors of an adverse outcome in our patients were old-age onset SLE and its high activity, acute course, and frequent exacerbations.
Cryoglobulinemia and cryoglobulinemic vasculitis: etiological aspects and pathophysiological associations
Authors: Golovach I. Yu. , Yegudina Ye. D.
Published: March 2020

The term cryoglobulinemia (CG) is used when detecting serum immunoglobulins that reversibly precipitate and form a gel at a temperature below 37 °C and dissolve when the temperature rises above 37 °C. Type I CG consists of only one isotype or a subclass of monoclonal immunoglobulins, while types II and III are classified as mixed CG (MCG) that is primarily characterized by the presence of immunoglobulins G and M. Types II and II-III MCG can result in cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CGV) more frequently, whereas type III can lead to this condition less frequently. The presence of type I cryoglobulins is always associated with B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases. On the contrary, type II or type III MCG is more commonly associated with systemic autoimmune diseases and chronic infections. Thus, hepatitis C virus infection contributes to the development of MCG in 80–90% of cases. CGV is considered a rare disease worldwide (<5 cases per 10,000 people in the general European and North American populations). Among autoimmune diseases, primary Sjögren's syndrome (Sjögren's disease), systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis are most often associated with MCG. The pathogenetic role of cryoglobulins in inducing vasculitis is associated with both leukocyte recruitment to the vessels and deposition of immune complexes, with complement system activation and microvascular damage. The pathogenesis of MCG is associated with B-cell lymphoproliferation, autoantibody production, immunoglobulin synthesis, rheumatoid factor activity and the subsequent formation of cryoprecipitated immune complexes in conjunction with ineffective cryoglobulin clearance by monocytes and/or macrophages. This review contains updated information on the epidemiology, etiology, and pathogenesis of CG, with particular emphasis on MCG and CGV.
Rheumatic pain management: molecular aspects
Authors: Chetina E. V. , Sharapova E. P.
Published: March 2020

Rheumatic diseases (RDs), including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, are non-infectious slowly progressive incurable inflammatory diseases that lead to prolonged disability due to damage to the musculoskeletal system. Pain is a dominant symptom at any stage of these diseases, is directly related to joint functioning, and determines the quality of life in patients. Moreover, despite the significant successes of studying the role of inflammation and regulation of autoimmune processes, the pathogenetic mechanisms for the development and maintenance of pain in RDs are little investigated. The nociceptive mechanisms due to inflammation and/or joint structural impairment are involved in the development of rheumatic pain. In addition, the latter is also associated with impaired signaling in the nervous system and with psychological problems in patients.

At the present stage, pain treatment includes non-pharmacological interventions, as well as the use of certain pharmacological agents, in particular opioids and narcotic drugs. However, despite significant successes in the design of drugs that relieve pain, at present, a significant proportion of patients with RDs still experience pain after therapy. When designing novel drugs for the treatment of pain, it is necessary to take into account the molecular mechanisms of its development in RDs. This review considers the features of the manifestations of pain, its molecular markers and mechanisms at different stages of the disease in patients with the two most common RDs, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
Comportamiento desviado en el trabajo y compartir conocimiento: la relación y el efecto mediador de la alienación laboral
Authors: García Contreras Rigoberto , Fierro Moreno Eréndira
Published: March 2020

El objetivo de este artículo científico es determinar el nivel de asociación entre los comportamientos desviados en el trabajo, la alienación laboral y el compartir conocimiento; asimismo, se determinó en qué medida la alienación laboral media la relación entre los comportamientos desviados en el trabajo y la compartición de conocimiento. A partir de una revisión de literatura y bajo la perspectiva teórica de la “teoría del intercambio social” se formularon las hipótesis de investigación. Por medio de un estudio transeccional en organizaciones mexicanas del sector público, y con base en la percepción de 239 servidores públicos se probaron las hipótesis planteadas.Se realizó un análisis multivariante con la técnica de modelación de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM). Los resultados confirmaron la asociación entre las variables en estudio, y se corroboró que la alienación laboral funge como variable mediadora entre los comportamientos desviados en el trabajo y la compartición de conocimiento entre los empleados.
Capital intelectual y desempeño organizacional: el caso de las instituciones de educación básica en México
Authors: Morales Clark Laura Elena
Published: March 2020

El presente trabajo tiene como propósito analizar cómo influye el capital intelectualen el desempeño organizacional de los establecimientos de educación básica privada del sur de Sonora, México. Esta investigación se realizó bajo una metodología cuantitativa, con un alcance correlacional. La construcción de un marco teórico sólido permitió aplicarun cuestionario a un total de 81 directivos de los centros educativos de nivel básico del sector privado. A fin de cuantificar la relación entre las variables, se utilizó la técnica de regresión lineal múltiple, en la que el 60,5% de la variabilidad en el desempeño organizacional se explica por el capital intelectual. Los resultados confirman que en el contexto educativo privado los activos intangibles tienen un impacto positivo y relevante en el desempeño organizacional.
La teoría fundamentada como metodología de construccion teórica
Authors: Contreras Cuentas Margarita Maria , Páramo Morales Dagoberto , Rojano Alvarado Yolmis Nicolas
Published: March 2020

El presente artículo proporciona una base de conocimiento básico para los investigadores que opten por la utilización de los pasos de la teoría fundamentada como marco analítico, en la búsqueda de nuevo conocimiento. A pesar del significativo avance en lo que a este método de investigación se refiere, la realidad actual refleja un desconocimiento en el ámbito metodológico, a fin de iniciarse en este camino reflexivo como investigador cualitativo. Se realizó una revisión de literatura sistemática sobre la teoría fundamentada y su aplicación, con la utilización de bases de datos tales como Science Direct y Web of Science, reconocidas científicamente por su alto impacto académico; un total de 52 artículos con aplicación del método en diferentes áreas se analizaron. Entre las contribuciones se destacan los beneficios para la construcción de conocimiento, abordados científicamente desde la teoría fundamentada como enfoque metodológico. De esta manera, se logra identificar la afinidad del método con las ciencias sociales como campo de aplicación, además de la creciente utilización de este método de estudio en el ámbito académico.
DYNAMICS AND DIFFERENCES OF BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF ATHLETES IN VARIOUS PHASES OF MIDDLE MOUNTAIN TRAINING COMPARED TO SEA LEVEL TRAINING
Authors: Miakinchenko E , Kryuchkov A , Dudko G , Dikunets M , Miakinchenko P
Published: March 2020

Aim. The purpose of the article is to study the dynamics of responses and the current state of the body of highly skilled athletes by indicators of the biochemical profile during adaptation to natural hypobaric hypoxia. Materials and methods. The dynamics of 16 biochemical indicators was compared at similar stages of the annual training conducted in middle mountain areas (~ 1550 m) and at sea level. Fifteen female biathlon athletes of the Russian national team participated in the study. The following methods were used: analysis of morning hematological and biochemical indicators of blood during 3 mid-mountain and 4 lowland sports training events. Training loads were recorded. Results. With a comparable level and type of loads, middle mountain training leads to significant (P <0.05) positive shifts in hematological indicators (hemoglobin, hematocrit), starting from the 2nd and 3rd phases of adaptation. In the same period, the level of cortisol and urea rises. Aminotransferases (ALT, AST), on the contrary, are more reactive in the phase of acute acclimatization (P <0.05). There were no signs of a more significant deterioration in the anabolic support of the training process in terms of testosterone. In middle mountain areas, on average, there is a decreased level of phosphorus and iron and an increased level of calcium, as well as a reduced level of muscle tissue damage compared to training at sea level. Conclusion. The dynamics of biochemical indicators in the middle mountain areas and at sea level is similar, this may be a consequence of responses to the load. At the same time, training in the middle mountain areas has a high physiological cost with positive changes in oxygen transport systems. The obtained dynamics and differences in the studied indicators in the phases of middle mountain training can be used to improve the training loads of athletes in cyclic sports.
CORRELATION BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY OF THE BRAIN
Authors: Feklicheva I , Chipeeva N , Zakharov I , Maslennikova E , Ismatullina V
Published: March 2020

Aim. The purpose of the article is to study the correlation between physical activity and functional connectivity (FC) of the brain based on EEG data. Materials and methods. The study sample included 43 healthy persons aged from 17 to 35 years (26 women). The participants were divided into two groups. The first group (21 persons) was engaged in physical activity for more than 3 hours a week, the second (22 persons) group was not engaged in physical activity. In all participants, 10-minute EEG recording at rest was performed. To assess the differences in the global characteristics of functional connectivity, such graph metrics as the characteristic path length, clustering coefficient, small world index, and modularity were chosen. Results. Significant differences between the two groups in terms of the cluster coefficient were obtained using the Wilcoxon test (W = 201, p < 0.001). To compare the intergroup differences, the DOT (double one-sided test) procedure was used, which allowed assessing the equivalence of groups based on a pre-selected effect size. When comparing the two groups, statistically significant differences are observed for two one-sided Student’s tests, while the effect size exceeds the pre-selected effect size (d = 0.05), both for the upper and lower reference values, which indicates not only statistical significance, but also the inequality of the samples. Conclusion. Young people who regularly engage in physical activity for more than 3 hours per week have higher functional connectivity of the brain than those of the same age who do not engage in physical activity, which is expressed in the clustering coefficient. In general, the results of this study show that physical activity increases functional connectivity of the brain in the alpha range. The connectivity increases due to the emergence of new functional clusters within existing associations of brain regions.
TYPOLOGICAL VARIABILITY OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES IN SCHOOLCHILDREN FOR PROGNOSING SUCCESS IN SPORTS AND HEALTH ENHANCEMENT ACTIVITIES
Authors: Kolpakov V , Tomilova E , Strizhak N , Krivoshchekov S , Bespalova T
Published: March 2020

Aim. The purpose of the article is to provide a clinical and physiological assessment of adaptive variability of the psychophysiological status in schoolchildren and to obtain prognostic markers for forming success during health enhancement and sports activities. Materials and methods. 187 male schoolchildren of the first and second health group from secondary educational institutions in Tyumen participated in the study. A set of clinical and physiological methods was used. Habitual physical activity (HPA) was measured on a daily basis using Huawei Band 2 Pro (China) fitness tracker provided with accelerometer and gyroscope. The band is available for both Android (version 4.4 or later) and iOS 8.0 or later, which allows registering data at any time period. The type of partial body constitution was established according to a three-component scheme and a HPA level (low HPA – FTC-1, medium HPA – FTC-2, high HPA – FTC-3). Results. Based on the concept of typological variability of physiological individuality, a systemic relationship between the indicators of anxiety, aggressiveness and depression was established in primary schoolchildren with different levels of habitual physical activity (low – LHPA, medium – MHPA, high – HHPA) and of different functional types (FTC-1, FTC-2, FTC-3). Compared with other groups, primary schoolchildren with LHPA – FTC-1 showed an increase in general anxiety and a total indicator of depression, a decrease in mood, a negative assessment of their own inefficiency, and the lowest indicator of aggressiveness with an auto-aggressive orientation. In children with HHPA, there was a decrease in the general level of depression and mood, a negative assessment of generally accepted rules, aggressive behavior, a negative assessment of their own inefficiency combined with an increased level of aggressiveness of a heteroaggressive orientation. Conclusion. Clinical and physiological characteristics of three physiological norm variants (functional constitutional types, children with low (FTC-1), medium (FTC-2) and high (FTC-3) habitual physical activity) determined the selection of psychophysiological markers of stress reactivity in primary schoolchildren, which provides an objective basis for prognostic assessment and targeted success formation in sports and health enhancement activities, as well as the creation of effective monitoring of transition states and preventive forms for correcting dysregulation.
MODEL INDICATORS OF PHYSICAL PREPAREDNESS OF ELITE FEMALE SKI-RACERS IN PREPARATION FOR THE 2022 WINTER OLYMPIC GAMES IN BEIJING (CHINA)
Authors: Golovachev A , Kolykhmatov V , Shirokova S
Published: March 2020

Aim. The purpose of the article is to develop model characteristics of physical qualities in elite skiers that determine the level of their physical fitness, the achievement of which is able to ensure successful performance at 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing (China). Materials and methods. The study involved 19 female skiers, specializing in various types of competitive activity, aged from 19 to 27 years, with experience from 6 to 13 years and qualification from CMS to MSIC. The physical fitness of athletes was studied during the 2015–2018 Olympic cycle. using special training devices (strain gauge platform and inertial training machine) as part of the scientific program dedicated to integrated examinations in the laboratory of cyclic Olympic sports (All-Russian Research Institute of Physical Education and Sports). Results. Taking into account the requirements for the model features of athletes during their preparation for the Olympic Games, 9 statistically significant indicators were selected to assess explosive force of the arms and legs, speed and strength endurance of the hands, which determine the general development of physical fitness. Conclusion. The results presented in the article are a logical continuation of a comprehensive study on the formation of a structural-functional model (Olympian-2022 model). This model allows to assess the development of the functional status and leading physical qualities in elite athletes, identify their readiness to perform specialized muscle activity and improve the training process for 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing (China).