bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma arising from a preexisting cyst of the liver
Authors: Hayashi Itsuro , Tomoda Hirotsugu , Tanimoto Masanori , Furusawa Motonosuke , Katsuda Yasaburo , Shirai Shigeo , Morimatsu Minoru
Published: February 2007

A case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the liver of a 46‐year‐old female is described. The resected mass from the left lobe of the liver measured 3 × 3 × 2 cm. The cut surface showed a well demarcated white, round shape, and a cystic formation measuring 1.8 × 1.4 cm was present in the center of the mass. Microscopically, the mass showed high‐grade‐type mucoepidermoid carcinoma, which consisted of squamous cells, mucus‐producing cells, and glandular cells. The cystic wall was lined with apparently benign glandular, mucus‐producing cells, squamous metaplastic cells, and tumor cells. The tumor was intimately contiguous with the cyst and gradual transition between tumor cells and cystic lining cells was recognized. It is suggested that the mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the liver in the present case was derived from malignant transformation of a preexisting cyst of the liver.
Epithelial ovarian tumor in a phenotypic male
Authors: Monge Odd R. , Wiig Johan N , Halvorsen Tore B. , Jorgensen Ole G. , Kjorstad Kjell , Brogger Anton W.
Published: February 2007

Laparotomy in a 41‐year‐old married man with non‐treated left cryptorchidism revealed female internal genitals on the left side, and an epithelial ovarian tumor of intermediate malignancy. Germinal malignancies are frequent in intersexes, but non‐germinal gonadal neoplasms are rare. This is the second reported case of epithelial ovarian tumor in intersexes, and the first case of epithelial ovarian tumor in an intersex registered as made.
Advanced gastric cancer successfully resected following cisplatin therapy: Report of a case
Authors: Saji Shigetoyo , Kishimoto Yasushi , Sakata Kazuki , Furuta Tomohiko , Tanemura Hiromi , Kawata Ryo
Published: February 2007

A case of unresectable advanced gastric cancer was treated with cisdichlorodiammine platinum (CDDP) at a dosage of 30 mg/day for 5 days every month after operation. After three courses of administration, examinations revealed that the tumor had disappeared, and an evaluation of complete response was made. Four months later, a second‐look operation was performed; and it was found that the cancer was smaller than a thumb and could be resected radically. No significant side effects were observed during CDDP therapy.
In vivo ethane production in vitamin E‐deficient rats with DMH‐induced colon cancer
Authors: Slater Gary , Kang Jae , Cohen Gerald , Szporn Arnold , Aufses Arthur H.
Published: February 2007

The effect of both a vitamin E‐deficient and a high polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) diet was tested on rats injected with the colon carcinogen 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine (DMH). In vivo lipid peroxidation was monitored by measuring exhaled ethane from the animals. Higher mean weights were found in animals fed high PUFA and vitamin E‐sufficient diets. There was no difference in ethane exhalation between DMH‐treated and control animals regardless of diet. Mean ethane exhalation was highest in animals fed either vitamin E‐deficient or high PUFA diets. There was no difference in tumor formation between the vitamin E‐deficient and the vitamin E‐sufficient groups. The high PUFA groups had more tumors than the low PUFA groups. Diet was shown to be the major factor affecting ethane exhalation. There was no evidence that vitamin E‐deficiency promoted DMH‐induced tumors or that DMH caused increased lipid peroxidation.
Importance of biologic status to the postoperative prognosis of patients with stage III nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Nakahara Kazuya , Monden Yasumasa , Ohno Kiyoshi , Fujii Yoshitaka , Hashimoto Junpei , Kitagawa Youichiro , Kawashima Yasunaru
Published: February 2007

The prognosis of patients with stage III nonsmall cell lung cancer was studied, with special attention to their biologic status prior to lung resection. The biologic status was estimated from the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in the peripheral blood, serum albumin level, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Among 46 patients who underwent potentially curative operations, 31 cases of biologic status A or B (more than two parameters normal) revealed 37.6% of a 5‐year survival rate, whereas there was no 5‐year survivor in 15 cases of biologic status C or D (more than two parameters abnormal). Of the 5‐year survival rate in T3N0disease of biologic status A or B, the 60% surviving (of 10 cases) was in marked contrast to the same stage disease of biologic status C or D where only 1 patient (of 10 cases) was still surviving at more than 30 months. In 30 patients with T3N0, T3N1, and T2N2diseases of biologic status A or B, where long‐term survivors were derived, the 5‐year survival rate in 30 patients of biologic status A or B was 36.6% in contrast to no long‐term survivor in the same stage diseases of biologic status C or D (n = 25). We conclude that surgical results in stage III nonsmall cell lung cancer will be beneficial in patients of biologic status A or B, but nonbeneficial in patients with the same stage of biologic status C or D.
Testicular seminoma: Histological findings and their prognostic significance for stage II disease
Authors: Evensen Jan Folkvard , Fosså Sophie Dorothea , Kjellevold Kjell , Lien Hans Henrik
Published: February 2007

Risk factors, their interrelationship, and prognostic relevance for seminoma stage II disease have been examined. The size of the primary tumor was significantly correlated with the pT category, as was the presence of tumor invasion of small vessels. The pT category was correlated neither with clinical substage nor relapse rate. There was a poorer 3‐year survival for anaplastic seminomas as compared to that of classical seminomas; the difference was not significant. The 5‐year survival for seminomas rich in lymphocytes was better than those of poor lymphocytic infiltration, but this difference also was not significant. No difference in survival or relapse rate was found between HCG‐producing and HCG‐nonproducing seminomas.
Two‐dimensional immunoelectrophoretic analysis of urinary ultraconcentrates: Antigenic differences between bladder cancer positive patients, normal individuals, and patients with urinary tract infections
Authors: Hewitt Charles W. , Black Kirby S. , Quintero Carolyn S. , Slater Kurt J. , Martin Donald C.
Published: February 2007

Urine ultraconcentrates (100‐fold) from bladder cancer patients, patients suffering from urinary tract infection, and normal individuals were analyzed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and two‐dimensional immunoelectrophoresis. A combined sample of normal urine was resolved into 1 to 3 protein bands by PAGE, whereas a single concentrated bladder cancer urine was resolved into 10–12 protein bands. Yet, this same concentrated urine sample was resolved into 17–20 antigen peaks by two‐dimensional immunoelectrophoresis (2DIEP) against antihuman serum. A significant (P < 0.05) increase was observed in the relative antigen concentration when comparing 2DIEP profiles of bladder cancer urines to normal controls. A significant increase in the relative antigen concentration and the number of antigen peaks was also found when comparing immunoelectrophoretic patterns obtained from ultraconcentrated urine specimens of bladder cancer positive urine and normal controls using a rabbit antibladder cancer urine antisera (P < 0.002 and P < 0.02, respectively). In addition, significant (P < 0.02) antigenic differences were found when comparing concentrated urine samples from bladder cancer positive individuals to those with urinary tract infection. The bladder cancer group demonstrated 8/9 positive results for relative antigen concentrations greater than 3.0. Fifteen of 16 normal or urinary tract infected individuals combined had relative antigen concentrations less than 3.0. These differences were highly significant (P < 0.001). No differences were found between concentrated bladder cancer and normal urine specimens tested against rabbit antinormal urine antisera.
Autotransplantation of colonic tumors into the colonic wall of the rat
Authors: Rubio C. , Nylander G. , Wallin B. , Sveander M. , Duvander A. , Alun M.
Published: February 2007

Colonic tumors were induced in Sprague‐Dawley rats by weekly subcutaneous injections of 1,2 Dimethylhydrazine (DMH) for 4 months. The animals were thereafter laparotomized and a palpable tumor was transplanted into the same animal in a tumor‐free area of the transverse colon. Autotransplanted tumors were considered those tumors growing in the wall of the transverse colon, covered by intact colonic mucosa. The frequency of autotransplanted tumors was 34%. The possibility that auto‐transplantation may also occur in humans by accident, during procedures to remove a colorectal adenocarcinoma, is discussed.
Effect of axillary nodal status on the long‐term survival following mastectomy for breast carcinoma: Nodal metastases may not always suggest systemic disease
Authors: Yang Jung Hyun , Slack Nelson H. , Nemoto Takuma
Published: February 2007

Records of 215 patients receiving radical mastectomies from 1958 to 1968 at Roswell Park Memorial Institute were reviewed for the significance of axillary nodal status on long‐term survival and recurrence. Ten‐year disease‐free interval rates were 83%, 47%, and 17%, respectively, for patients with negative nodes, 1–3 positive nodes, and ≥ 4 positive nodes. Fifteen‐year rates were 80%, 37%, and 8%, respectively. Survival and disease‐free interval curves for the 3 nodal status groups were significantly different from each other (P<0.0001). Curves for three subclasses of the ≥ 4 positive node group (4–6, 7–12, and ≥ 13) were similar in overall survival, but were significantly (P=0.04) different for disease‐free interval, due to a rapid rate of recurrence in the ≥ 13 positive node group. Hazard rates of treatment failure during each successive 3‐year period for 9 years following mastectomy for those with 1–3 positive nodes or ≥ 4 positive nodes decreased with time, whereas the rates for those with negative nodes were low and relatively constant throughout follow‐up. These findings support the thesis that a significant proportion of negative nodes patients are cured by mastectomy and that a smaller group of node‐positive patients have regional disease with a chance of cure by mastectomy.
Epstein‐barr virus related lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma of lung
Authors: Bégin Louis R. , Eskandari Jan , Joncas Jean , Panasci Lawrence
Published: February 2007

A malignant neoplasm localized to the lung is reported in a rather unusual host: a 40‐year‐old female, nonsmoker, of South‐East Asiatic origin. The histology was of nasopharyngeal‐like carcinoma character and ultrastructural examination confirmed a diagnosis of nonkeratinizing, poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. The clinicopathologic findings were more suggestive of a primary pulmonary origin than the manifestation of an occult nasopharyngeal primary. The immunological profile was highly suggestive of an Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) associated epithelial neoplasia. This case might widen the spectrum of EBV‐associated neoplasia, by inclusion of lower respiratory tract as a target organ.
Simultaneous endometrioid carcinoma of the uterine corpus and ovary: A clinicopathologic study of 15 cases
Authors: Jambhekar Nirmala A. , Sampat Mrudula B.
Published: February 2007

The clinical stage assigned to simultaneously presenting carcinomas of the uterine corpus and ovary remains variable, depending on which of the two sites is considered to be the primary. Simultaneous involvement may occasionally represent independent primaries, a fact often overlooked. A review of all cases with a tissue diagnosis of carcinoma involving uterus and ovary was undertaken to identify those cases which possibly represent independent primaries. Seventeen such cases were identified on the basis of pathologic features, 15 of which revealed endometrioid type carcinoma at both sites. These 15 patients, who constitute the study group, were treated surgically with or without adjuvant therapy. Thirteen patients have been followed up for 1 to 12 years. Twelve patients are alive and free of disease. Vaginal vault recurrence occurred in a single patient. This was treated successfully. One patient died of an unrelated cause. The good survival fortifies the pathological impression that these cases represent independent primaries.
Surgical considerations in maxillofacial prosthetic rehabiliation of the maxillectomy patient
Authors: Jacobs John R. , Marunick Mark T.
Published: February 2007

The radical maxillectomy performed for cancer of the paranasal sinuses has as its sequella some of the potentially most devastating functional losses in the field of head and neck oncology. The patient is left after surgical management with a defect that often prevents effective speech, deglutition, and mastication. This paper addresses the surgical considerations involved in the performance of a radical maxillectomy that can result in a favorable defect allowing subsequent optimal prosthetic rehabilitation of the patient.
Adenomatoid tumors in the tunica albuginea of the testis
Authors: Arcadi John A.
Published: February 2007

Adenomatoid tumors of the tunica albuginea of the testis is rarely seen. Only 15 such cases have been described. A patient is presented in whom such a tumor was found and excised through a scrotal incision. He is alive and well 27 years later. The author presents reasons for the type of scrotal exploration done. The pathological histology is discussed. An adenomatoid tumor can easily be confused with a prostatic adenocarcinoma on frozen section.
Radiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus
Authors: Harrison Louis B. , Fogel Thomas D. , Picone James R. , Fischer Diana B. , Weissberg Joseph B.
Published: February 2007

Between 1965 and 1981, 119 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus were treated with radiation therapy with curative intent. Radiation was employed in combination with surgery and delivered pre‐ and/or postoperatively in 20 patients (17%). The remainder received radiotherapy alone. The overall survival rate was statistically higher in patients who had surgery and radiation compared to the group receiving radiation alone. The one‐, two‐, and five‐year survival rates of patients receiving combined treatment vs radiotherapy alone were 65% vs 35%, 25% vs 14%, and 15 % vs 6%. Age, total radiation dose, and inclusion of the supraclavicular areas in the radiation portals did not impact on outcome. Other prognostic factors are discussed. Long term survivors were noted to be at substantial risk for the development of a second epidermoid malignancy in the upper aerodigestive tract. Cumulative risk at five years was approximately 25%.
Angiogenic activity by spleen cell supernatants from tumor‐bearing and tumor‐resected mice
Authors: Davel Lilia , Miguez Marta , Jasnis María Adela , Eiján Ana María , Oisgold‐Dagá Sara , De Lustig Eugenia Sacerdote
Published: February 2007

Supernatants of cultured spleen cells (SCS) from small tumor‐bearing mice (STBM) and large tumor‐bearing mice (LTBM) are able to enhance tumor growth as well as accelerate tumor takes in vivo when inoculated 24 h before tumor implant. After tumor resection enhancing activity disappears at a rate depending on the size of the resected tumor. Spleen cells from tumor‐bearing mice also evoke a complex vascular response, lymphocyte‐induced angiogenesis (LIA) elicited via the release of lymphokines from activated T cells. As angiogenic factors promote tumor development we investigated if SCS from tumor‐bearing and tumor‐resected mice contain factors capable of evoking a LIA response. Angiogenic activity was detected by SCS of small and large tumor‐bearing mice as well as in large tumor‐resected mice. On the other hand, SCS from small tumor‐resected mice are not able to evoke an angiogenic response. Possibly, the large antigenic burden in LTRM stimulate the immune system in a different way than in STRM. We can suggest that the different behavior of spleen cells after small and large tumor removal can be explained by quantitative or qualitative changes in the spleen subpopulations.
Gamma glutamyl transferase activity in rat colon during experimental colonic carcinogenesis
Authors: Traynor O. J. , Lee Y. C. , Whittaker K. B. , Zinsmeister A. R. , Moss D. W. , Wood C. B.
Published: February 2007

Colonic gamma glutamyl transferase activity is raised in colonic malignancy. This study was undertaken to determine how early and how extensively this raised activity occurs during carcinogenesis. Sixty rats were given weekly injections of dimethylhydrazine for 16 weeks, and 20 rats acted as controls. Groups of treated and control rats were sacrificed at regular intervals during the pre‐cancerous phase of carcinogenesis, and gamma glutamyl transferase activity was measured at several sites in the colon. Gamma glutamyl transferase activity was raised as early as 4 weeks after the first injection of dimethylhydrazine (p < 0.05), and the elevation persisted until the development of overt tumours. The raised gamma glutamyl transferase activity was observed throughout both the proximal and distal colon long before the appearance of macroscopic tumours. We conclude that an early and widespread elevation of colonic gamma glutamyl transferase activity occurs during carcinogenesis. This may have useful applications in the early detection of colonic malignancy.
Parotid lymph node metastases from squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
Authors: Shimm David S.
Published: February 2007

Nineteen parotid lymph node metastases from squamous cell carcinoma of the skin were treated, seven with irradiation and 12 with surgery and postoperative irradiation. In the group treated with combined therapy, size of nodal metastasis and extent were strong predictors of relapse. Further postoperative irradiation with 60 Gy is not adequate to control extensive parotid nodal disease. Finally, elective treatment of clinically negative parotid nodes is not necessary in patients who can be closely followed, since early nodal disease can be controlled readily.
Intraperitoneal infusion of 5‐FU in liver metastases from colorectal cancer
Authors: Ekberg Henrik , Tranberg Karl‐Göran , Persson Bo , Jeppsson Bengt , Nilsson Lars‐Göran , Gustafson Torbjörn , Andersson Karl‐Erik , Bengmark Stig
Published: February 2007

Intraperitoneal 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) was given to eight patients with unresectable colorectal liver cancer and to one patient after radical hepatectomy. A subcutaneous Intraperitoneal access device was implanted, and treatment consisted of continuous infusion of 1,000 mg 5‐FU/d for 5 days, repeated every 6 weeks. Evaluation of treatment was performed after every two cycles of therapy. A total of 32 infusion cycles were given. The mean steady‐state concentration of 5‐FU was 0.56 ± 0.04 μmo1/1 (mean ± SEM), and the total body clearance was 10.0 ± 0.71/min (mean ± SEM). The levels of 5‐FU in peripheral venous blood were stable and reproducible. When incubated in whole blood at 37°C the concentration of 5‐FU fell rapidly and after 2h, only 22% of the starting level remained. When kept ice‐cold, 5‐FU samples were stable. Patient acceptance was excellent, and the therapy was free from complications except for slight abdominal discomfort, not enough to require alleviation by analgesic drugs. Computerized tomography (CT) scan showed stationary tumor volume after two cycles of therapy in four of eight patients who could be evaluated. It is concluded that continuous intraperitioneal infusion of 5‐FU produces stable and reproducible levels of the drug in peripheral venous blood, that 5‐FU is degraded by blood cells at 37°C, that the use of a subcutaneous access device makes the delivery easy and safe, and that the efficacy of the therapy seems to be similar to that obtained with hepatic arterial infuson.
The effect of prior adjuvant chemotherapy on survival in metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Ahmann Frederick R. , Jones Stephen E. , Moon Thomas E.
Published: February 2007

Some adjuvantly treated patients develop recurrent breast cancer and little is known about the effect of prior adjuvant chemotherapy on subsequent response rates to systemic therapy or on overall survival. We describe our retrospective comparison of 179 patients who received doxorubicin containing adjuvant chemotherapy and developed recurrent breast cancer on University of Arizona Cancer Center clinical trials with 202 non‐adjuvantly treated patients entered onto clinical protocols for recurrent or metastatic breast cancer during the same period. Adjuvant failures had a shorter median survival from the date of onset of recurrent disease (18 months versus 28 months, P < 0.001), a lower response rate to initial combination chemotherapy (38% versus 69%, P = 0.001), and a high incidence of CNS involvement at the time of relapse (11%). In patients having recurrent or metastatic breast cancer, a history of prior adjuvant chemotherapy appears to identify a subgroup who will have a higher incidence of CNS involvement, a lower response rate to chemotherapy and a shorter survival with metastatic disease. These findings may help explain the failure of improved relapse free survival seen in many adjuvant chemotherapy trials to result in improved overall survival.
Antibody to the aids virus in Kaposi's sarcoma in Nigeria
Authors: Otu Akpan A.
Published: February 2007

The present study has investigated whether Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in Nigeria is associated with infection with the AIDS virus variously called human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV‐III), lymphadenopathy/ AIDS virus (LAV), and AlDS‐associated retrovirus (ARV). Serum samples from 40 KS patients, 30 patients with malignant melanoma of the foot (contemporaneous controls), and 50 normal nontumour‐bearing controls were tested for anti‐AIDS virus antibody by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The assay consistently and reproducibly failed to show seropositivity in all the patients and controls. These results show that Kaposi's sarcoma in Nigeria is not associated with infection with the AIDS virus and that the virus is not endemic in this region.
The value of tumour marker kinetics in the management of patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Buamah P. K. , James O. F. W. , Skillen A. W. , Harris A. L.
Published: February 2007

Serum alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) has been measured during chemotherapy of ten patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Whenever the AFP concentration of a sample was lower than that of the previous sample the apparent half‐life (AHL) of the protein was calculated. The biological half‐life of AFP is 5 days so that values in excess of this were indicative of continuing or increased synthesis and secretion of AFP. The AHL for AFP provided a means of assessing efficacy of treatment. Increases in AHL generally predicted a rise in serum AFP and give advance warning of the need to change therapy.
Establishment and characterization of a human urinary bladder carcinoma cell line (TSGH‐8301)
Authors: Yeh Ming‐Yang , Yü Dah‐Shyong , Chen Shan‐Chun , Lin Ming‐Shan , Chang Sun‐Yran , Ma Cheng‐Ping , Han Shou‐Hwa
Published: February 2007

A cell line derived from a well‐differentiated human transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, designated TSGH‐8301, was established in vitro. The cultured epithelioid cells exhibited monolayer growth and loss of contact inhibition. The tumorigenicity of TSGH‐8301 had been shown by growth in soft agar and tumor induction in athymic nude mice. A reverse ratio of lactate dehydrogenase (LHD) isoenzyme in the cell line and nude mouse‐grown tumors was seen predominantly with LDH‐V. Chromosomal analysis revealed a heterodiploid stem line with a modal number of 50. Sera of urinary bladder cancer patients reacted with membrane antigens of the TSGH‐8301 cells, suggesting the existence of tumor‐associated antigens in the cells. In vitro chemosensitivity tests of these cells may provide data valuable in the selection of proper anticancer drugs for the TSGH‐8301 donor patient.
Chordoma: Natural history and treatment results in 33 cases
Authors: Azzarelli Alberto , Quagliuolo Vittorio , Cerasoli Serenella , Zucali Roberto , Bignami Paola , Mazzaferro Vincenzo , Dossena Giovanni , Gennari Leandro
Published: February 2007

Thirty‐three chordomas were observed at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan from 1933 to 1983: 27 sacrococcygeal, 3 spheno‐occipital, and 3 vertebral. The male:female ratio was 2.7, and the median age was 63 yr for patients with sacrococcygeal and 35.2 yr for those with nonsacral chordomas. After pathologic reassessment, distinct cytologic patterns were found: physaliphorous, syncytial, and mixed subtypes, with variable degrees of cytologic atypia. However, no evident difference in survival was documented in relation to these cytohistologic features. Four cases had a prior traumatic fracture, and the pathogenetic role of trauma is stressed. Eight cases were operated with adequate surgery and only three recurred, whereas of 11 inadequate operations, 10 developed local relapse. However, follow‐up for recent adequate operations is short. Radiation therapy seemed to be effective with adjuvant or palliative aims. No chemotherapeutic regimen achieved any result; one case had a short complete remission after cis‐dichlorodiammineplatinum + vinblastine + bleomycin (PVB). This analysis confirms the possibility of achieving radicality with high resection of the sacrum for lesions confined below the second sacral vertebra. Nonsacral chordomas were all unresectable. The best treatment for unresectable lesions seems to be palliative surgery plus radiotherapy.
Preliminary observations of malignant melanoma therapy using radiolabeled alpha‐methyltyrosine
Authors: McLaughlin William H. , Thramann William M. , Lambrecht Richard M. , Milius Richard A. , Bloomer William D.
Published: February 2007

A strategy for cancer therapy using astatine‐211‐labeled alpha‐methyltyrosine (211At‐AMT) was studied in cultured B16 melanoma cells and compared to the radiotoxicity of iodine‐125‐labeled iododeoxyuridine (125IUdR), a thymidine analogue. Both 125I and 211 At deliver lethal doses of irradiation to melanoma cells when administered as 125IUdR and 211At‐AMT. The alpha decay of astatine‐211 is more effective however, needing only a fraction of the cellular radioactivity of 125IUdR to effect comparable clonogenic survival. Compared with 125IUdR, 125I‐AMT is not cytotoxic because the range of the low energy electrons released does not interact with DNA. Uptake of radiolabeled AMT by melanotic cells is enhanced by theophylline. This preliminary evidence suggests that 211At‐labeled melanin precursors may be exquisitely cytotoxic to B16 melanoma cells.
Serum pseudocholinesterase levels in murine C3H mammary adenocarcinoma
Authors: Haid Max , Vender Jeffrey S.
Published: February 2007

Serum pseudocholinesterase (PSC) levels may be depressed in persons with malignancy. Deficiency of this enzyme can lead to prolonged apnea in patients who receive succinylcholine. An animal model was developed to study this phenomenon in a controlled setting. C3H/HeJ mice inoculated subcutaneously with C3H mammary adenocarcinoma demonstrated lowering of their PSC levels. This decrease was attenuated by chemotherapy with intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide which also prolonged survival. Non‐tumor bearing control animals identically treated with cyclophosphamide experienced a transient drop in PSC on the 29th day which reverted to control values by the 36th day. No gradient of PSC could be demonstrated across a tumor's vascular bed. The effect of other chemotherapy agents on PSC is unknown. A possible role for PSC as a nonspecific marker for malignancy is worthy of further study.
Endocrine function after hetero‐ and ortho‐topic segmental pancreatic transplantation in primates
Authors: Du Toit Don F. , Heydenrych Jacobus J. , Smit Ben , Louw Gabriel , Zuurmond Theuns , Els Daniel , Weideman André , Wolfe‐Coote Sonja , Toit Lorraine Du , Davids Henry
Published: February 2007

This study assessed the early postoperative pancreatic endocrine function after intraperitoneal segmental hetero‐ and ortho‐topic pancreatic allotransplantation in hemipancreatectomized, nonimmunesuppressed chacma baboons. Hemipancreatectomized animals remained normoglycaemic but rendered significantly reduced K values and insulin release during IVGTT, findings consistent with major pancreatic resection. Segmental hetero‐or ortho‐topic pancreatic transplantation did not improve reduced K values and hypoinsulinaemia following hemipancreatectomy although orthotopically sited grafts rendered the best glucose tolerance test curves. Glucagon output during IVGTT remained the same in both transplant models. It is concluded that the postoperative hormonal response was similar in both orthotopic and heterotopic transplant recipients, which indicates that drainage of graft venous effluent into the portal circulation has no advantage over systemic insulin drainage as reflected in this “diabetic” model.
Functioning metastases of a nonfunctioning paraganglioma
Authors: Fernandez‐Llamazares J. , Sabrià‐Leal M. , Armengol‐Carrasco M. , Garcia‐Bonafe M. , Salvà‐Lacombe J. A.
Published: February 2007

A case of nonfunctioning paraganglioma, initially qualified as benign, is described. Two years following extirpation, functioning bone and lung metastases were manifested by hypertensive crises and increased levels of vanilmandelic acid and catecholamines in urine. The criteria for benign and malignant paragangliomas are discussed with regard to functional transformation of the tumor described in this case. It is concluded that the phenotypic heterogeneity of the primary tumor cells could explain the difference in biological behavior of the primary tumor and its metastases.
Early oral and oropharyngeal cancer in nontobacco users
Authors: Tabah R. J. , Razack M. S. , Sako K.
Published: February 2007

In order to define the clinical behavior and characteristics of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cancer in nontobacco users, 40 surgically treated American Joint Commission (AJC) stage I and II tumors in 36 nontobacco‐using patients were retrospectively compared with 306 similarly staged and treated tumors in 286 tobacco‐using patients. Significantly more nontobacco‐associated tumors were found in females (P < 0.005) whose mean age was significantly greater than that of tobacco users (P < 0.001). Nontobacco users had proportionately more tumors of the buccal mucosa, oral tongue, and hard palate and fewer of the floor of mouth (P < 0.025). There was no difference in the distribution of histologic grades between the two groups. The incidence of initial or subsequent nodal disease and the incidence of second upper aerodigestive tract cancers were similar. Despite similar rates of failure of initial treatment, the mean time to failure was significantly greater in nontobacco users (P < 0.01). There was no difference in determinate 5‐year survival between the two groups. Oral and oropharyngeal cancers in nontobacco users are no more aggressive than similar lesions in tobacco users.
Metastatic extramammary Paget's disease: Dramatic response to combined modality treatment
Authors: Balducci Lodovico , Athar Mohammad , Smith George F. , Khansur Tawfiq , McKenzie David , Crawford E. David
Published: February 2007

A case of extramammary Paget's disease is reported. The distinguishing features of the case are: (1) localization of the primary lesion to the scrotum, (2) development of metastases in the absence of a recognizable underlying carcinoma, and (3) response of the systemic disease to a combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The histogenesis, clinical behavior, and treatment of extramammary Paget's disease are reviewed.
Identification of synchronous esophageal tumors in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Abemayor Elliot , Moore Dennis M. , Hanson David G.
Published: February 2007

Patients with a primary head and neck neoplasm are at risk for additional malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract, which may be asymptomatic. This phenomenon may reflect the regional carcinogenic influence of alcohol and tobacco abuse. A review of the recent literature documents the value of performing laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, and esophagoscopy on all patients being staged for head and neck tumors to identify second synchronous cancers, the presence of which may significantly alter the treatment plan.
Coordinating cancer care using a weekly patient‐oriented conference
Authors: Sugarbaker Paul H.
Published: February 2007

A patient‐oriented conference is described that has been successfully used to help coordinate a multidisciplinary approach to cancer. The conference is devoted to concerns of a nonmedical nature and attempts to address these issues directly in the context of a total care plan. The group must realize that similar patient‐related problems will occur again and again. The conference attempts to develop a system by which needs of patients are recognized so that the responsibilities of the various care givers can be efficiently and effectively integrated into a quality product. The conference provides a process for continuous feedback by patients and staff members into the system. It can improve the overall quality of care and by direct association can improve the quality of life of the patient. It can make caring for cancer patients more satisfying, both professionally and personally.
The characteristics of thymoma with myasthenia gravis: A 28‐year experience
Authors: Monden Yasumasa , Uyama Tadashi , Taniki Toshikatu , Hashimoto Jumpei , Fujii Yoshitaka , Nakahara Kazuya , Kawashima Yasunaru , Masaoka Akira
Published: February 2007

Of 134 patients with thymoma, 79 (59%) also had myasthenia gravis (MG). The thymoma with MG differed from that in the absence of MG in the following aspects: The ratio of lymphocytes to epithelial cells in the tumor was larger, the polygonal cell type was more prominent (i.e., in 83% of the MG patients this cell type predominated), and the differentiation of epithelial cells in the tumor was more advanced in the group with MG than in the group without MG. Furthermore, the clinical stage of thymoma was earlier, the recurrence rate was lower, and the survival curve was better in the group with MG than in the group without MG. These findings suggest that the thymoma with MG is less malignant than that without MG.
Role of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes in the host defense mechanism against lung cancer
Authors: Yasumoto Kosei , Takeo Sadanori , Yano Tokujiro , Nakahashi Hisashi , Nagashima Akira , Sugimachi Keizo , Nomoto Kikuo
Published: February 2007

Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and tumor‐associated macrophages (TAM) were recovered from 22 patients with primary lung cancer. The TIL did not exhibit any cytolytic activity against various target cells. The average percentage of TIL recovered was 6.7 ± 1.3% in patients without recurrence, as compared to 3.6 ± 0.6% in those with recurrence within 2 years after complete resection of lung cancer (P<0.05). The average cytostatic activity of TAM was 38.5 ± 6.8% in patients without recurrence, although it was 25.2 ± 4.6% in those with recurrence within 2 years after complete resection (P<0.1). The activity of macrophage activating factor (MAF) induced by TIL was also higher in patients showing no recurrence. A significant positive correlation was observed between MAF activity induced by TIL and the cytostatic activity of individual TAM. These results suggest that antitumor activity of TAM may be controlled by specifically sensitized TIL through lymphokines.
Primary pulmonary rhabdomyosarcoma in a child, with a review of literature
Authors: Shariff Shameem , Thomas John A. , Shetty Nithyananda , D'Cunha Stephen
Published: February 2007

A cyst in the left lower lobe of the lung was removed from a 15‐month‐old girl and showed evidence suggesting a preexistent congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation; in addition a rhabdomyosarcoma was identified. Primitive mesenchyme and mesenchymal elements also were seen. The origin of the rhabdomyosarcoma is discussed. The findings in the present case are compared with those of all childhood pulmonary rhabdomyosarcomas reported in the literature. This report of a child with a coexistent congenital adenomatoid malformation and a rhabdomyosarcoma is the third of its kind in the literature.
Skin cancer of the nose: Options for reconstruction
Authors: Conte Charles C. , Razack Mohamed S. , Sako Kumao
Published: February 2007

The nose is the most common site of skin cancer on the human body. This review was compiled to enumerate the many reconstructive techniques which are available and to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each technique. Five hundred twenty‐one patients with nasal cancer were treated at Roswell Park Memorial Institute from 1964 to 1981. Four hundred five patients were treated by cryotherapy, electrocautery, chemosurgery, radiation therapy, or local excision with primary closure. Forty‐six patients were treated with simple nasolabial flaps. The remaining 70 patients underwent more extensive resections and reconstructions. Their records were reviewed. At 5 years the local recurrence rate was 3% for basal cell carcinoma and 20% for squamous cell carcinoma. The multiple reconstructive techniques which were utilized in these patients are discussed. Skin‐grafting procedures were used to manage 51% of the patients. Prostheses were used in 9%. Multiple different reconstructive flaps were used for the remaining 40% of the patients. The management of large nasal carcinomas must be individualized with therapeutic decisions being made by a practitioner who is familiar with the many reconstructive options. This will ensure the optimal functional and aesthetic result for each patient.
Primary malignant melanoma of the nasal cavity: A clinicopathologic study of nine cases
Authors: Matias Carlos , Corde Jose , Soares Jorge
Published: February 2007

Nine cases of primary malignant melanoma of the nasal cavity are presented. All the patients had epistaxis and nasal obstruction at admission. Gross aspect of the neoplasia showed a fungating mass located in the right nasal cavity in six cases and in the left nasal cavity in three. Eight tumors were formed by polygonal cells and one tumor by spindle cells. Melanosis of the adjacent mucosa was found in only 1 case. S‐100 protein was demonstrated by indirect immunoperoxidase in all cases. The mean survival rate was 23.8 months. Prognosis was not related to the histologic pattern, cell atypia, necrosis, pigment secretion, or mitotic index. Radiotherapy seemed to have some beneficial influence on the survival but did not influence the local recurrence and metastatic spread of the disease.
Benign nasopharyngeal lymphoid tumors, lymphoepithelial lesions, and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis
Authors: Puterman Marco , Fliss Dan M. , Coldstein Jed , Zirkin Howard
Published: February 2007

A clinico‐pathologic and immunologic case study of a 57‐year‐old woman who has shown progressive lymphoid proliferations and lymphocyte dysfunction over the course of 10 years is presented. Early in the course ofher disease, she presented with recurrent benign nasopharyngeal lymphoid tumors. She subsequently developedbenign lymphoepithelial lesions involving both a submandibular and then a parotid salivary gland. She eventually underwent pneumonectomy for lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis with marked cystic degeneration and lung destruction. Although frank malignancy has not been demonstrated review of her nasopharyngeal biopsies andof her pulmonary pathology shows a tendency toward distinct cellular uniformity with loss of follicles and germinal centers. Concurrently, immunologic studies have demonstrated abnormalities of cell mediated (T cell)function.
Primary malignant lymphoma of the mandible
Authors: Wen B‐Chen , Zahra Mohammed K. , Hussey David H. , Fred Doornbos J. , Vigliotti Antonio
Published: February 2007

From 1945 through 1985, 32 cases of primary lymphoma of bone were treated at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. Sixteen cases (50%) demonstrated the lesion in the long tubular bones with a predilection for the lower and upper extremities. The frequently involved flat bones (six cases) were the bones of the pelvis. There were only three cases (9%) where the mandible was the primary site. In this report, the literature is reviewed and three cases with primary lymphoma of the mandible are presented.
Renal angiomyolipomas
Authors: Drago Joseph R. , Nesbitt John A. , Leb Robert
Published: February 2007

Renal angiomyolipomas are generally benign tumors which are composed of smooth muscle, fat, and blood vessels. Classically these have been diagnosed with the use of arteriograms; however, since ultrasound and CAT scans have come into use these now are the common modalities for diagnosis. All angiomyolipomas generally can be followed conservatively, whereas larger ones have a tendency to bleed and require intervention. This paper reviews the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients with angiomyolipomas.
Thermal dose‐response of magnetic‐induction thermoradiotherapy
Authors: Kristian Storm F. , Elashoff Robert M. , Baker Harvey W. , Scanlon Edward F. , Rn Beverly Drury, , Lee Martha , Ms Denise Roe , Morton Donald L
Published: February 2007

Sixty‐three patients with advanced cancer underwent ≥ 5,000 cGy combined with Concentric Coil magnetic‐induction localized hyperthermia. Tumor regression (CR + PR) was compared to thermal dose received, incorporating the premise that hyperthermia response is a function of time as well as temperature. A computer program was developed (after Saparto and Dewey [2]) which stored minimum tumor temperatures recorded spatially and temporally during treatment and correlated response with T43 (equivalent minutes at 43 °C during the first treatment) and CT43 (cumulative T43, computed by multiplying T43 by the actual number of identical subsequent treatments received during the course of therapy). Those who responded—N = 46 (73%)—had significantly higher median thermal doses than those who did not respond. Comparison of T43 and CT43 thermal dose values between responders and nonresponders was significantly different at p values of 0.05 and 0.04, respectively. The data indicate that magnetic‐induction hyperthermia and high‐dose XRT was an effective treatment combination in advanced disease and that tumor response improved as thermal dose increased.
Mouse ovarian tumor cells: An experimental model for progestin‐mediated radiotherapy
Authors: Blumenthal Rosalyn D. , McLaughlin William H. , Jordan Jerold J. , Cryan Ellen V. , Bloomer William D.
Published: February 2007

Mouse ovarian tumor (MOT) cells have been grown in C3HeB/FeJ mice as an ascites and as a subcutaneous tumor and in cell culture as a suspension. These cells contain saturable, high‐affinity, specific progesterone receptors. Estrogen receptors were not detectable in these cells. MOT cells can be used as both an in vivo and an in vitro model for progestin‐mediated radiotherapy.
Stage II malignant melanoma: Presentation of a prognostic model and an assessment of specific active immunotherapy in 1,273 patients
Authors: Slingluff Craig L. , Vollmer Robin , Seigler H. F.
Published: February 2007

The ability to redefine risk factors and to predict prognosis in patients with malignant melanoma at the time they manifest nodal metastasis can be a benefit to the patient emotionally and to the physician therapeutically. A retrospective review of 1,273 patients with stage II malignant melanoma was performed at our institution. The most significant prognostic factors in a simultaneous hazard Cox multivariate analysis, predicting melanoma‐related mortality among stage II patients, were the number of positive nodes (P < 0.0001), age (P = 0.0004), site of the primary lesion (P = 0.0036), disease‐free interval (P = 0.016), thickness of the primary lesion (P = 0.017), and sex of the patient (P = 0.0616). We have developed a model for predicting survival of stage II patients, designed for use in the clinic setting. Its application in a computer system makes it accessible and understandable. The most favorable risk group (18% of the population) has actuarial 5‐ and 10‐year survival rates of 58% and 49%, respectively, from the time of the nodal metastasis. The least favorable risk group (7% of the population) has 5‐ and 10‐year survival rates of 15% and 10%, respectively. There are three intermediate risk groups. All groups differ prognostically (P < 0.04). The principal adjuvant therapy offered to these patients was specific active immunotherapy, which appears to have a 10‐20% survival benefit in stage II patients with greater than one positive node, when compared with institutional controls. The apparent survival benefit of the immunotherapy supports continued clinical investigation of its therapeutic potential.
Effect of chronically administered pentagastrin on the nude mouse
Authors: Johnson Frank E. , Laregina Marie C. , Devine Joseph E. , Hudd Charles A. M.
Published: February 2007

The nude mouse has been used to evaluate the effect of gastrin on xenografted tissues, but little is known about long‐term actions of gastrin on native organs in this species. We investigated the impact of chronically administered synthetic pentagastrin on the nude mouse. Six groups of mice (eight animals each) received intraperitoneal injections twice daily for 14 days with saline or pentagastrin at 0.5, 5, 50, 500, or 5,000 g/kg. Behavior, overall health, and body weight were unaffected by this treatment. Of the seven organs examined at necropsy, only the pancreas showed a weight gain in response to pentagastrin treatment, and this occurred only at the highest dose. Total DNA content of the pancreas decreased in a dose‐related manner, indicating hypoplasia, whereas pancreatic RNA content increased, indicating hypertrophy. No effect on the stomach was observed. This work indicates that the nude mouse is less sensitive than other species to visceral growth regulation by pentagastrin, and that toxicity is low.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid
Authors: Sarda A. K. , Bal S. , Arunabh  , Singh M. K. , Kapur M. M.
Published: February 2007

Eight cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid are reviewed. The clinical features and natural history of our cases are presented. All tumours showed an aggressive biological behaviour. Two patients showed association with well‐differentiated thyroid cancer. It is difficult to conclude whether these tumours are de novo occurrences or were a result of a complete replacement of a previously existing condition after a change in histologic character.
Resection of hepatocellular carcinoma with obstructive jaundice caused by compression of the common hepatic duct
Authors: Lee Kwang Choon , Sakai Katsuji , Kinoshita Hiroaki , Hirohashi Kazuhiro , Tsuji Yasutoshi , Kubo Shoji , Iwasa Ryutaro
Published: February 2007

We treated a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma in whom jaundice was caused by obstruction of the common hepatic duct because of compression by the tumor. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage was performed preoperatively. The tumor was entirely in the medial segment of the liver, without invasion of the hepatic ducts, and medial segmentectomy was performed. As of the end 1985 of 58 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma complicated by extrahepatic obstructive jaundice have been reported in Japan. In only four was obstructivejaundice caused by extraluminal biliary compression. We review ten patients treated by liver resection.