bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEMYSTIFYING SUSTAINABLE DISTRICT-LEVEL INDUSTRIAL BUILDING RENOVATION: A TAXONOMY FRAMEWORK AND THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
Authors: Ma Xiaozhi , Yuan Hongping , Zhou Shudong , Yu Yong
Published: June 2023

With the progress of urbanization, most people live in cities and adjacent urban areas. Meanwhile, the transformation and development of cities and their industries leaves behind a large volume of old building blocks and requires renovating some urban spaces. Notably, urban renewal plays an important role in the sustainable development of cities. As a typical task of urban renewal, the renovation of industrial buildings involves the protection of the industrial heritage and the adaptive reuse of the existing building spaces. Yet, the complex nature of district-level industrial building renovation work spells challenges to effective urban renovation and sustainable city renewal. Although a few studies were devoted to the renovation of industrial buildings, very limited research focused on the renovation of existing industrial urban areas. In particular, the cooperation of different work disciplines to orchestrate sustainable district-level industrial building renovation and strategies to facilitate effective administration of such a way of urban renewal remain to be clarified. To close such a gap, this research employs an approach of multi-case study to conceptualize sustainable district-level industrial building renovation. Four case projects from the Big Bay Area cities, including Dongguan, Foshan, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, are investigated and analyzed due to specific local policies of renovation and their rapid urbanization. Based on the knowledge disciplines of urban planning, industrial heritage reservation, and building renovation, a taxonomy framework is introduced, and the relevant sustainable development strategies are identified. The framework demystifies sustainable district-level industrial building renovation regarding the key aspects of sustainable management to achieve sustainable urban renewal and their hierarchical relations and enhances the knowledge body of industrial building renovation by broadening the scope to the urban scale. Furthermore, the proposed strategies can provide practical implications to sustainable urban renewal with industrial building renovation.
NIGHTTIME LIGHT: A POTENTIAL PROXY FOR LOCAL NOCTURNAL URBAN HEAT ISLAND INTENSITY IN SEOUL
Authors: Nganyiyimana Jacques , Ngarambe Jack , Yun Geun Young
Published: June 2023

Nighttime light (NTL) imagery provides valuable information for monitoring urban development, human activity, and, consequently, urban thermal environments. However, only a few studies have attempted to directly draw linkages between NTL and urban heat island (UHI) formation. Establishing associations between NTL and UHI indicators could potentially ease the process of identifying heightened thermal environments and thus pinpointing urban hotspots in need of policy interventions and strategic mitigation measures. In the present study, through clustering and correlation analysis, we study ties between NTL, surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) and atmospheric urban heat island intensity (AUHII) in Seoul. NTL data was derived from the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership-Visible and Infrared imager/Radiometer Suite (SNPP-VIIRS), while SUHII data was obtained from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite instrument. Additionally, AUHII was computed from archived weather data collected from multiple automatic weather stations (AWSs) in Seoul. Our results show that NTL is highly positively correlated with SUHII (R > 0.86, p < 0.05) and AUHII (R > 0.68, p < 0.05). The findings highlight the potential usage of NTL as a proxy for UHI formation, simplifying the process of identifying heightened thermal areas in Seoul that may require rapid policy intervention.
Department of Accountancy
Authors: Chan David Y. , Fitzsimons Adrian P.
Published: June 2023

Accountancy departments across higher education have been experiencing enrollment declines and these declines will likely continue going forward. Program directors need to be innovative and diversify their offerings in order to attract students. Traditionally most accountancy programs in higher education have limited their program offerings to two tracks: 1) audit and 2) tax. This chapter provides program directors with strategic direction and guidance on alternative offerings that an accountancy department can implement to expand their offerings and to attract new students. These alternative offerings include higher education programs developed and endorsed by professional associations such as the Institute of Internal Auditors, Association of Certified Fraud Examiners, and ISACA. Program Directors can implement all these programs or in piecemeal. The authors have implemented these programs into their accountancy program at their university or college with success and share with readers how they can get these programs up and running quickly and with ease.
A Study on the Adoption of Smart Home Technologies Among the Homeowners in Malaysia
Authors: Kam Kenn Jhun , Wei Lim Jun , Lim Tze Shwan , Ilmi Habizah Sheikh , Soon Lam Tatt
Published: June 2023

It is an undeniable fact that by implementing smart home technology (SHT), the quality of life for the occupants within can be improved for different aspects such as safety, leisure, comfort, and healthcare. However, it is discovered that Malaysians are highly reluctant in adopting SHT in their house. The research approach undertaken was quantitative method by sending questionnaire through emails. This research found the main key features of SHT are that they have high helpfulness level in improving the occupants' quality of life; the chapter lays out the main factors affecting the home buyers to adopt SHT and the main challenges exist staying in a smart home. Moreover, attractiveness and clear interface are both main factors affecting the smart homeowners to adopt SHT from the smart home users' perspective. However, poor operationality is rated as the most challenging limitation faced by the smart home users themselves. Also, poor operationality has the most significant influence on the smart home user's overall satisfaction level toward the smart home system.
Virtual Reality (VR) Technology in Construction Education
Authors: Soon Lam Tatt , Chow Kai Kong , Tan Hai Chen , Kamarazaly Myzatul Aishah , Lim Tze Shwan
Published: June 2023

In the construction-related course, there is a lot of knowledge that is tough to verbalize or teach, especially understanding building details through imagination without experiencing or seeing the construction elements in reality. Visual reality (VR) enables users to visualize the complexity of buildings. The research method used in this research is qualitative method in which interviews were conducted in this research. The interviewees were invited to try the VR technology and data was collected. Throughout the whole research, the workflow of converting a 3D model to a VR model is developed, the constraints of adopting VR are identified and strategies are recommended. The results in the findings showed that all the interviewees need guidance when using the VR technology and some of them suffer from motion sickness. The findings of this research serve as a reference for universities that are interested in adopting VR technology in education to enhance knowledge of VR technology and provide better understanding in the classes.
Experience Design's Impact on Graphic Design
Authors: Ergen İsmail
Published: June 2023

Even straightforward objects whose nature we believe we comprehend go through the design process. The task of design is to connect people and technology. Every advance in technology brings about new experiences and ways of life. In this chapter the authors explain how design alters the abilities, motivations, and expectations in daily life, and how graphic design reacts to this shift. If we want to anticipate the future, we need to look closely at the digital technologies that emerged recently and first analyze the transition—how it occurred and how quickly it happened.
Internet Addiction and Self-Esteem Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Touloupis Thanos , Armaou Antonia , Vasiou Aikaterini
Published: June 2023

Considering excessive internet use by early and middle adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, the present chapter describes an original preliminary study of junior high school students' internet addiction during the pandemic period, while also examining the role of self-esteem. Overall, 235 students (60.4% girls) of the three grades of schools in Attica (Greece) completed a self-report questionnaire, which included scales on internet addiction and self-esteem. Above average/normal and excessive/addictive internet use and indicative behaviors (e.g., lack of control) seemed to concern students, especially girls. Self-esteem proved to be a statistically significant negative predictor of the students' internet addiction. The findings contribute not only theoretically but also practically, highlighting the necessity of implementing school awareness-prevention actions to strengthen early and middle adolescents' social-emotional skills and safe internet use.
Digital Game Addiction
Authors: Relva Inês , Monteiro Ana Paula , Costa Bárbara , Simões Margarida
Published: June 2023

The internet and the use of digital technologies are more and more generalized for everyday tasks such as school activities—communication but also entertainment. Its use is cross-sectional at various ages, starting earlier and earlier. Thus, this chapter aims to clarify the meaning of digital game addiction and its implication to the child/adolescent life, namely on the family functioning but also other areas. Risk and protector factors will be explored regarding digital game addiction. Positive outcomes that have been considered important in the use of digital games will be explored motives as well for digital gaming. Research in area has shown that parents have difficulties in management of child behavior because they also have difficulties themselves to stop their behaviors, so warning signs of the presence of digital game addiction will also be explored to help parents recognize this problem. Some measures will be presented. Finally, preventive and intervention strategies will be presented at the family level. Some empirically validated intervention strategies stand out.
How Adolescents Use Social Media to Navigate Their Mental Health
Authors: Khan Mohid , Stark Ian Scott
Published: June 2023

Research on the negative impact of social media on mental health is extensive and well-documented. However, in this process, relatively little attention has been paid to social media communities oriented around mental health. This study aimed to address this gap by using uses and gratifications theory to analyze the posts and comments related to mental health, anxiety, depression, and self-esteem in the “/r/teenagers” community on Reddit. The results revealed that many users in these communities turn to social media to identify with others and seek advice, while a smaller percentage uses social media for entertainment and escapism. An even smaller minority of users leverage social media platforms to educate others. By exploring the motivations and reasons behind social media use in mental health communities, this study provides valuable insights into the potential benefits and drawbacks of social media use in this context, as well as avenues for future research and intervention.
Mathematical Modeling of the Heat Generated through an Evaporator-Absorber Accompanied by Thermal Storage for the Solar Energy Applications
Authors: Latrache Firyal , Hammouch Zakia , Lamnaouar Karima , Bellach Benaissa , Ghammouri Mohammed
Published: June 2023

An evaporator-absorber geometry allows the absorption of incident solar radiation andconverts it into thermal energy useful for the evaporation of a working fluid. The evaporator-absorberworks with two fluids: a heat transfer fluid transmitting heat to a working fluid, which, circulatesalong the thermal circuit composed of an evaporator, a turbine, a condenser and a pump. The aim ofthis research work is to analyze the heat transfer through the evaporator-absorber and to extract themathematical equations model the heat exchange process between the component elements of theevaporator-absorber: a serpentine tube, a working fluid and a cylindrical tube. In this case, theworking fluid is water, and the heat transfer fluid is air, which is heated by the thermal energyconverted from solar energy. The mathematical equations describing the heat transfer are extractedby using the nodal method and discretized by the finite difference method. Afterwards, the presentwork estimates the outlet temperature of each element of the evaporator-absorber and studies thestorage capacity of the cylindrical tube. Then, the water temperature distribution on the geometry ofthe evaporator and the required quantity of water and the number of spires to have a high outlettemperature of the water vapor are determined. As a result, the mathematical modeling estimated thatthe outlet temperature of the serpentine tube is higher than the outlet temperature of the water.Additionally, the temperature of the storage tube maintains its increase throughout the day. Thequality of the heat transfer in the serpentine tube is improved by placing the tube in a vertical positionand by adopting a lower volume of water compared to the maximum volume, which is supported bythis tube.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Fluidized Bed Hydrodynamics at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Njuguna Fredrick , Ndiritu Hiram , Gathitu Benson , Hawi Meshack , Munyalo Jotham
Published: June 2023

Fluidized bed gasifiers operate at elevated temperatures, and experimental measurements for the hydrodynamic parameters at high temperatures are difficult and time consuming, making computational fluid dynamics simulation useful for such investigation. In this study, Opensource computational fluid dynamics code, OpenFOAM, was used to investigate temperature effect on the fluidized bed hydrodynamics on a 3D fluidized bed model using Eulerian-Eulerian approach. Silica sand of particle sizes of 500, 335 and 233 m was used as the bed materials under temperatures between 25 and 400 °C. To validate the simulation model, a laboratory scale fluidized bed unit was used to conduct experiments for the same range of temperature and sand particle sizes. The results revealed that the temperature of the bed materials greatly affect fluidized bed hydrodynamics. The minimum fluidization velocity increased with the sand particle diameter but decreased with the temperature. On the other hand, the bed porosity at the minimum fluidization point increased marginally with both the temperature and the particle size of the bed materials. Further analysis showed that the expanded bed height increased with the temperature for a specific superficial velocity while the bubbles grew in size with both the air flow rates and the temperature. The numerical model results were compared with the experimental results based on minimum fluidization velocity, bed porosity and pressure drop at the minimum fluidization point. The hydrodynamic results of the numerical model were in good agreement with the experimental results.
Impact of healthcare service quality on older people's satisfaction at geriatric medical centers: a rapid review
Authors: Sharkiya Samer H.
Published: June 2023

Introduction. Older adults are concerned about the quality of care as many of them are vulnerable to the co-occurrence of geriatric syndromes and age-related diseases due to accumulated impairments in multiple systems. Literature indicates that though people are living longer, they are not necessarily living healthier, which creates the need for providing quality healthcare services specifically to address the needs of this population. B This rapid review investigates the impact of healthcare service quality on older people’s satisfaction at geriatric medical centers.Methods. The rapid review includes 11 articles from searches on PubMed, PsycINFO and Google Scholar.Results. The reviewed studies indicate that the quality of healthcare services to older adults enhances their satisfaction at senior facilities and produces positive patient outcomes. A thematic analysis of these studies revealed four major themes related to the review topic: perceived quality of healthcare services, patients’ quality of life, patient satisfaction, and provider-patient communication.Implications for practice. Nurses should provide high-quality care to older adults in geriatric settings to improve patients’ and their families’ satisfaction. Nurses should target quality leadership, implement quality improvement, and communicate effectively. Nurses should also offer patient-centered care by involving family members in care planning.
Eight per thousand project for the Waldensian church in the central part of Africa
Authors: Deutou Wondeu Andrillene Laure , Atturo Sabrina
Published: June 2023

No abstract available.
A Case Report of Hebephrenic Schizophrenia in Intellectual Disability with Subependymal Heterotopia
Authors: Yeshaswini S. , Kongath Shahafas Ali , Vidhyavathi M.
Published: June 2023

Subependymal heterotopia (SH), also commonly known as periventricular nodular heterotopia, is believed to result from a faulty neuronal migration which is associated with seizure disorders and intellectual disability. Intellectual developmental delay (IDD) is a condition of arrested or incomplete development of mind with the impairment of intelligence. Although SH and IDD co-occur often, cases of schizophrenia in SH with IDD are less commonly reported. A thorough search of scientific databases with keywords of IDD, SH, and schizophrenia on PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar combined yielded limited results, prompting us to report this case of SH without any history of seizures who developed hebephrenic Schizophrenia. This highlights the need to check for the presence of SH by MRI scan in individuals with IDD and psychosis.
A Study of Post COVID-19 Psychiatric Disorders in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Central India
Authors: Mudgal Varchasvi , Rastogi Pali , Jain Priyash , Kaur Partik
Published: June 2023

Background and Aim:

COVID-19, one of the deadliest pandemics, has taken a toll on physical and mental health alike. It has been noticed that there is a rise in psychiatric comorbidities in COVID-19 recovered cases. Various disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders have been reported in COVID-19 survivors. The current study aims to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and their associated correlation in patients with a history of COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:

The study population comprised the patients referred to the psychiatry outpatient department (OPD) from the post-COVID-19 OPD over 3 months. Patients were assessed using a semi-structured pro forma, sociodemographic profile, treatment facility (institutional or home quarantined), duration of stay at the treatment facility, and medical and psychiatric diagnoses were recorded and analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results:

One hundred and sixty patients were included and assessed of which 66.25% were male and 33.75% were female. The mean age was 38.8 years. The referral rate was found to be 15.9%. The most common psychiatric disorder was sleep disorder (25%), followed by Reaction to severe stress and adjustment disorder (16.25%), depression (11.25%), and anxiety disorder (10%).

Conclusion:

We would like to emphasize on vigilant approach and constant supervision of these patients so that an early diagnosis could be made and an add-on the burden to the mental health care system could be reduced. For this to be achieved screening of such patients should be increased.
Assessing Diabetic Macular Edema through Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography: An Analysis of Foveal Thickness, External Limiting Membrane, and Ellipsoid Zone Integrity
Authors: Gayatri Dasari , Rao V. V. L. Narasimha , Chavali Satyavara Prasad
Published: June 2023

Background and Aim:

This study emphasizes using external limiting membrane (ELM) and EZ ellipsoid zone (EZ), disruption as imaging biomarkers in fovea-involved diabetic macular edema (DME).

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Gitam Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, from June 2021 to May 2022. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images of 17 patients with fovea-involved DME were analyzed in this retrospective pilot study. Neither disruption of ELM nor EZ was graded 0, only disruption of ELM was graded as 1, and disruptions of both ELM and EZ were graded 2.

Results:

Twenty-five eyes (SD-OCT pictures) of 17 patients, nine men and eight women, with a mean age of 54.23 years (35–77 years), were included in the study. Eleven (44%) eyes had mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NDPR) with clinically significant macular edema (CSME). Seven (28%) eyes had moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) with CSME, and 7 (28%) eyes had severe NPDR with CSME. Cystoid pattern of macular edema was present in 15 (60%) eyes; 3 (12%) eyes had cystoid pattern with vitreomacular traction (VMT), 1 (4%) eye had cystoid pattern with serous retinal detachment (RD), 5 (20%) eyes had diffuse macular edema, and 1 (4%) eye had diffuse CSME with VMT. Ten (40%) eyes had grade 0 ELM and EZ disruption with a foveal thickness of 245–310 μ (mean – 269.2), 3 (12%) eyes had grade 1 with foveal thickness varying from 263 to 348 μ (mean 301.3) and 12 (48%) eyes had grade 2 with a macular thickness of 315–651 μ (mean 467.8).

Conclusion:

A statistically significant association exists between foveal thickness and disruption of the ELM and EZ. Grade 0 had a foveal thickness ranging from 240 to 260 μ, grade 1 from 260 to 340 μ, and grade 2 from 340-≤650 μ.
Jigsaw: A Step toward Co-Operative Learning among Medical and Nursing Students
Authors: Kumar C. S. Vinod , Kalasuramath Suneeta , Reddy S. Jayandra , Reddy R. Sriman Narayan
Published: June 2023

Background and Aim:

To shift the paradigm from passive tutor driven tutorials to more responsible active learning by the students, a co operative teaching learning method could be a good alternative. The Jigsaw approach, a model of co operative learning, focuses on learning in groups with fellow learner co operation and reassures team work. Thus, this study was aimed at assessing the effectiveness of jigsaw strategy in comparison to tutorials in enhancing cognitive skills among the medical students in microbiology.

Materials and Methods:

A cross sectional study was carried out at microbiology department for 50 consenting MBBS students of professional year II and 50 consenting B.Sc nursing students of 2nd years. Students were randomly divided into two batches: Aand B of 25 students each. They were prepared for either a jigsaw (Experimental) or tutorial (Control) a week prior on predecided topics. The same groups were crossed over for another topic. Students’ performance was assessed by pretest, posttest, academic achievement level, and retention test by prevalidated multiple choice questionnaires. The student perception on TL methods was evaluated by using learning experience questionnaires.

Results:

Posttest scores of both groups were found to be significant at the level of P < 0.05. Among medical students, mean of posttest scores in the jigsaw is more than tutorial (12.4 v/s 9.7, crossover 13.3 v/s 11.2) and in nursing students (11.7 v/s 8.2, crossover 11.6 v/s 9.9). Mean retention tests scores and absolute achievement level were high in jigsaw groups. The students preferred jigsaw over the tutorial.

Conclusion:

Jigsaw strategy is a robust instructional tool, well perceived by the students to enhance cognitive skills as inferred by the results and can be tailored to the needs of varied topics across different disciplines.
Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with Primary Neuropsychiatric Presentation
Authors: Kulkarni Rajesh , Singh Rhea , Gohatre Himanshu , Ahmed Sabahat , Sangai Palash , Ambike Deepali
Published: June 2023

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease-causing inflammatory tissue damage with multiple organ involvement. We report a 12-year-old girl who presented with 6-month history of high-grade intermittent fever and weight loss, psychiatric symptoms beginning 10 days before admission, and generalized tonic–clonic seizure 4 days before admission to our hospital. Investigation excluded infectious etiology. Immunological workup revealed high titer of antinuclear and anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies. She was treated with steroids and azathioprine and responded well to treatment. It is important to have a very high index of suspicion for the diagnosis of SLE for early diagnosis, treatment, and meticulous monitoring.
Adoption of Automated Clinical Decision Support System: A Recent Literature Review and a Case Study
Authors: Panicker Rani Oomman , George Ankitha Elizabeth
Published: June 2023

Automated clinical decision support systems (CDSS) are knowledge-based systems that provide patient-specific information and data to clinicians at the proper time for enhancing the clinical workflow of hospital organizations. Nowadays, it is adopted by most of the health care professionals for clinical decision-making that helps to reduce the adverse clinical care events occurring during the treatment. In this article, we present a recent literature review on the adoption of computer-based CDSSs in the area of health care based on qualitative and quantitative techniques, published between 2007 and 2022. For this purpose, we searched Google Scholar and identified different adoption factors by using textual analysis from the included publications. We then ranked the different factors based on the total number of occurrences and represented them as a conceptual framework. A total of 14 different adoption factors were found from 13 studies, among them the usefulness of the system is the most prominent factor that influences the adoption of CDSS to a great extent. This literature review and the framework could be helpful to researchers and healthcare professionals working in the field of technology adoption, providing an overall idea of factors and techniques in this field of research. We have also mentioned the limitations and future research gaps of different studies, which will help the researchers to take an initiation towards these types of research. We also conducted a case study on adoption of fully automatic digital blood pressure monitor and identified that “usefulness” and “ease of use” could influence the adoption of fully automatic digital blood pressure monitor system.
Challenges in the Management of Buruli Ulcer in Nigeria – A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ilori Oluwatosin Stephen , Ilori Oluwatosin Ruth , Alabi Ayobami Oyetunji , Adedokun Stephen Ishola
Published: June 2023

Buruli ulcer (BU) is a disfiguring infective skin lesion caused by Mycobacterium
ulcerans. If untreated, BU may lead to extensive soft-tissue loss and other complications. The objective of this study is to highlight the challenges encountered in the diagnosis and management of a patient with BU in our hospital. The patient is a 5-year-old boy who presented with an extensive nonhealing ulcer, knee deformity, and fever. He was initially managed as a case of nonspecific ulcer. A recurrence of the ulcer with loss of part of the skin grafts a week after discharge led to the clinical suspicion of BU which was confirmed using microscopy. In South Western Nigeria, the major constraint in the management of BU includes underdiagnosing of the disease because it is not often screened for due to absence or insufficient standard diagnostic instruments dedicated for that purpose.
Prevalence of Hyperglycemia on Admission and its Effect on Short-Term Cardiovascular Outcomes of Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Center in South India
Authors: Mandal Amit , Iyyadurai Ramya , Ninan K. Fibi , Gunasekaran Karthik
Published: June 2023

Background and Aim:

Hyperglycemia has a significant negative impact on the morbidity and mortality of patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction. This retrospective study was conducted to determine the short-term clinical outcomes (inhospital mortality, cardiogenic shock, acute heart failure, stroke, fatal arrhythmia, and length of stay) of patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients and to compare the outcomes in NSTEMI patients with and without hyperglycemia on admission. We also wanted to identify the clinical profile and assess the mortality rates in patients with NSTEMI.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective study was conducted over 7 years (April 1, 2014–July 31, 2021). The data were extracted from the inpatient medical records and it was analyzed. All adult patients requiring admission in a single medical unit with a diagnosis of NSTEMI were included in the study. Descriptive statistics were obtained for all variables and entered in MS Excel and analyzed with SPSS (SPSS for Windows, version 16.0, Chicago, IL, USA) in the study, and appropriate statistical tests like P value were employed to ascertain the significance. Factors that were significant in univariate analysis were tested by multivariate regression analysis to identify those that independently predicted poor outcomes.

Results:

Our study cohort consisted of 260 patients, 144 (55.4%) patients had hyperglycemia on admission (admission blood sugar >200 mg/dl), and 116 (44.6%) had normoglycemia. In our cohort, 166 (63.8%) were male. The most common comorbidity was diabetes mellitus 195 (75%) and 134 (68.7%) diabetic patients had hyperglycemia at presentation. The most common clinical outcome was acute heart failure in 225 (86.5%), followed by cardiogenic shock in 110 (42.3%) patients. Fifteen (5.8%) patients had acute cerebrovascular accident during the hospital stay and 39 (15%) had developed fatal arrhythmias. The mean ± standard deviation duration of hospital stay was of 7.09 ± 5.396 days. The mortality in this cohort was 67 (25.8%). The presence of hyperglycemia on admission was not found to have an effect on mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.34–1.10, P = 0.102); however, the presence of hyperglycemia on admission was an independent predictor of cardiogenic shock (OR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.069–4.483, P = 0.032), acute heart failure (OR: 3.52, 95% CI: 1.44–8.59, P = 0.006), and acute cerebrovascular accident (OR: 13.76, 95% CI: 1.67–112.0, P = 0.015).

Conclusions:

The presence of hyperglycemia on admission is an independent predictor of short-term outcomes such as cardiogenic shock, acute heart failure, and acute cerebrovascular accident; however, it does not have an effect on inhospital mortality. NSTEMI is associated with significant mortality.
Contextual Importance of Leadership and Management Training in Undergraduate Medical Education: Literature Review
Authors: Rajeh Nisreen Abdullah
Published: June 2023

Leadership is recently known to be necessary at all levels within an organization, causing it to be extremely important for new graduates to understand what leadership is and to be familiar with different key leadership and management competencies. Leadership is also an integral part of medical practice. However, at present several medical colleges do not have a leadership and management curriculum, and thus, our medical college is not preparing its undergraduates in such skills as effective communication, conflict resolution, and time management. The search terms used were undergraduate medical leadership and management programs, undergraduate medical student leadership development programs, student leadership, and management training, clinical leadership, challenges of leadership and management programs in medical colleges, and skills needed for leadership and management course development. The review has shed light on skills needed for proposing a program on leadership and management for students at medical universities. The review also provided a rich combination of definitions of leadership, challenges to the type of leadership as well as how other medical organizations approach leadership and management. The theories suggest approaching competencies for leadership rather than building on pure theoretical knowledge of leadership. Furthermore, the research suggests differentiating the leadership training for undergraduate students based on how to add value to their career/study progressions, standardization, and organizational contribution. The literature further revealed the different challenges and barriers to developing leadership and management programs in medical colleges.
A Randomized Control Trial to Compare the Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine and Labetalol for Induced Hypotensive Anesthesia in Ear, Nose, and Throat Surgeries
Authors: Chacko Robin Sajan , Priyadharsini K. Soundarya , Arif Mohamed , Prasad T. Krishna
Published: June 2023

Background and Aim:

Induced hypotension is advantageous in certain types of procedures like endoscopic surgeries in which it establishes a clear surgical field and simultaneously reduces surgical blood loss. The quest for an ideal hypotensive agent still continues in this modern era where many classes of antihypertensive drugs are being studied to provide a predictable and safe reduction in blood pressure with least side effect profile. In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of dexmedetomidine and labetalol in providing hypotensive anesthesia in patients undergoing ear, nose, and throat surgeries.

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective, double-blinded, randomized controlled study. Fifty-eight individuals undergoing ear, nose, and throat surgeries were randomly divided into two groups (Groups A and B). Group A received an intravenous infusion of 0.25 mg/kg of labetalol as a bolus over a period of 10 min before induction of anesthesia and it was followed by a maintenance infusion of 30 mg/h till the end of surgery. Group B received a loading dose of 1 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine intravenously over a period of 10 min before induction of anesthesia and it was followed by a maintenance infusion of 0.4 μg/kg/h till the end of surgery. In both the groups, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, and oxy-hemoglobin saturation (SpO2) were recorded. These study variables were recorded before the administration of the study drug, immediately after the administration of the bolus dose of study drug, at the time of induction of anesthesia, immediately after intubation, and then at regular intervals until the end of the surgery. In addition to the abovementioned study, variables blood loss, recovery time, and surgeon satisfaction were also recorded.

Results:

The heart rate was significantly lower in Group B when compared to Group A at various time intervals. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of DBP, SBP, MAP, and SpO2. The blood loss was lesser and the surgeon satisfaction was better in Group B when compared to Group A. The difference in blood loss and surgeon satisfaction was statistically significant between the two groups. However, the recovery time was faster in Group A and the difference was statistically significant.

Conclusions:

Patients in both the groups showed a reduction in blood pressure, but dexmedetomidine was associated with greater reduction in heart rate, lesser blood loss, and more surgeon satisfaction, whereas labetalol was associated with faster recovery from anesthesia.
Overview of the Cause, Complications, Immunity, Therapy, Medication, and Certain Behavioral Changes of Premature Babies
Authors: Vallepu Rajani , Kadapa Mahammad Ishaq , Katheragandla Chaithanya , Nagaraju Chinthakunta
Published: June 2023

Babies born before 37 weeks of pregnancy are considered preterm. Babies born prematurely are also referred to as “preemies” or “preterms.” India has the world’s highest rate of premature births. About 1.5 million babies are born prematurely every year. As they grow up, preemies will encounter a variety of challenges. Many children who die before the age of 15 do so due to complications related to their premature birth. Although researchers have yet to pinpoint what exactly causes premature birth, doctors have shown that maternal health plays a role. Preterm birth can be caused by a variety of circumstances, including those of the mother as well as those of the pregnancy and the fetus. There are special care nurseries and neonatal intensive care units worldwide that provide medical attention to premature infants. The infant is placed in an incubator, and all vital signs are monitored, as well as feeding tubes, blood transfusions, and other forms of resuscitation. Major problems, behavioral changes, and therapies for premature infants were covered in this article. Problems with breathing, heart, brain, digestive tract, eyes, ears, teeth, and blood are among the most common serious consequences. The behavior of premature infants is distinct from that of full-term children. They are unable to effectively interact with others due to a lack of emotional intelligence, social awareness, and communication abilities. Medication given to premature infants has the potential to promote growth and appropriate lung, heart, and circulation development. The administration of these drugs is conditional on the state of the infant.
COVID-19 and Allergies: A Mini Review
Authors: Sharma Kriti
Published: June 2023

There has been concern that patients with asthma may develop more severe disease as a result of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Recent studies towards the exploration of the clinical aspects of COVID-19 have opened up a new postulation citing that people with minor allergies particularly food allergies have reported to possess lower chances of being infected. This postulation is cited more specifically for food allergies and asthma. However, the research on the validity of the postulation has not been done significantly and therefore the currently available literature does not provide a vivid elucidation of this association. Thus, this article highlights the current gaps and loopholes present in the current literature to give an impetus to the future researches considering to establish the possible connection between the pathobiology of COVID with allergic problems. It also discusses the possible interventions of the postulation in detail in coordination with the currently available confirmations. It will help in understanding the susceptibility and risk factors associated with the SARS-Cov2 virus disease which would eventually lead to the development of novel treatments and therapeutics for allergic conditions and COVID-19 disease.
Is Metabolic Syndrome a Fellow Traveler with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Women of Reproductive Age? A Case–Control Study
Authors: Balakrishnan Grrishma , Tyagi Manasvi , Uppinakudru Gurunandan , Thalanjeri Padmini , Kaveri Vismaya , Balasubramaniyam Kalpana , Ali Syed Irfan
Published: June 2023

Background and Aim:

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) has a major social, psychological, and economic impact on women aged 18–45 years, in the most productive stage of their life. This study was done to assess the impact of menstrual and obstetric patterns, cardiometabolic risk factors, and metabolic syndrome on women of reproductive age with AUB.

Materials and Methods:

Our hospital-based case–control study had 61 participants, of which 31 were cases and 30 were age-matched controls. They were compared on their age, age of menarche and marriage, number and type of deliveries, contraceptives used, cardiometabolic risk factors like body mass index, waist-hip ratio, waist-height ratio, fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and having metabolic syndrome.

Results:

The majority of the cases were 36–45 years of age. The mean age of marriage was significantly less but the parity was more ≥2 in cases when compared to controls. FBS, TC, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL in cases were significantly more than controls. A 33.3% of cases had metabolic syndrome. Women with metabolic syndrome were 15 times more likely to develop AUB, as compared to normal women.

Conclusion:

Age of menarche did not influence but lower age of marriage and increased number of pregnancies had a profound effect on the occurrence of AUB. Metabolic syndrome is significantly associated and could be a potential fellow traveler in women with AUB.
Post-Anaesthetic Herpetic Lesion following Extraction - A Case Report
Authors: Balasubramaniyan Nathiya , Sakthi S. , Bhagat M. James Antony , Durairaj D. , Ganesan Suresh Kumar
Published: June 2023

Rationale:

In Indian subcontinent, every adult may have suffered from chicken pox during their early childhood and harbour the virus, which eventually becomes inactive over years. These latent organisms can undergo sudden activation when triggered by injection of local anaesthesia in the oral cavity. Probably, some symptoms develop along the distribution of the nerve.

Patient Concerns:

Here, we present a case report of a 55-year-old male patient who reported to us with post-anaesthetic herpetic lesion involving the face unilaterally and also a lesion present in the intraoral cavity not crossing the midline.

Diagnosis:

The patient was diagnosed as post-anaesthetic herpetic lesion.

Treatment:

Symptomatic medical management was given.

Outcomes:

On two month follow-up, the lesion was completely resolved and replaced by healthy tissue.

Take-Away Lesson:

Medical history should also include a question about past experience with chicken pox before proceeding with extraction.
Outcomes of Open Rhinoplasty for Unilateral Cleft Patients using Photogrammetric Analysis - An Evaluative Study
Authors: Elkashty Sherif Mohamed , Taalab Ahmed Abdelaziz , AboShaban Mohammed Saad
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Secondary cleft rhinoplasty is a challenge due to the complex anatomy of the nose, with structural deformity and difficulty in surgical management. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an anatomical-based approach on enhancing tip and alar symmetry in secondary unilateral cleft rhinoplasty using photogrammetric evaluation.

Methods:

The study was conducted on 57 adult patients seeking rhinoplasty after primary repair of congenital unilateral cleft lip deformity. All patients were operated upon using an external open rhinoplasty approach using an anatomical-based surgical technique. The cases were periodically followed up at three, six, 12 and 18 months for both aesthetic and functional outcomes with photogrammetric analysis of facial profile using the software Mirror Suite programme to compare before and after the surgical procedure.

Results:

The photogrammetric analysis showed a significant improvement of facial angles (P = 0.05). The nasofrontal angle changed from a median of 146° to 132.5°, nasolabial angle of 73° to 95°, nasofacial angle of 21.5° to 32° and nasomental angle of 105° to 130°. The rotation angle of the nasal tip showed a significant cephalic rotation with a mean increase of the tip elongation of 1.8 cm achieved per lateralised millimetre.

Discussion:

Secondary rhinoplasty in unilateral cleft deformities needs accurate evaluation of the anatomical and pathological abnormalities. Open approach is preferred with using costal cartilage graft allowing adequate columellar lengthening, maxillary enhancement and alar repositioning which leads to optimise the definition, projection and cephalic rotation with better stabilisation and symmetry of the nasal tip.
A study of the effect of some musical compositions on glucagon-like peptide 1, insulin, leptin, and body weight of crowded adult albino rats
Authors: Al-Etreby Mohamed Z. , Khalil Ali A. , Abd-Elrhman Ahmed Abd-Elhamid
Published: June 2023

Background and Aim

Music therapy is an established health profession where music is used to address cognitive, emotional, social, and physical needs of individuals. Stress is a reaction of an organism to stimulus that changes psychophysiological equilibrium with harmful consequences, by affecting the concentration of hormones related to homeostasis.

The current study aimed to assess the possible effect of enhancing the quality of environment to alleviate stressful environmental conditions.

Materials and methods

A total of 45 adult male albino rats were chosen for this study. They were divided into five groups as follows: group 1, uncrowded control rats; group 2, rats exposed to crowding; group 3, rats exposed to crowding and listening to instrumental music; group 4, rats exposed to crowding and listening to soft songs; and group 5, rats exposed to crowding and listening to rallying songs. After 90 days, all rat groups were anesthetized, and a blood sample was collected for measurement of glucagon-like peptide 1 level, insulin level, and leptin level for these groups.

Results

Music had no significant (P<0.05) effect on water and food consumption, but it had a significant (P<0.01) effect on body weight in music listening groups in comparison with the control crowded group. Music listening can significantly (P<0.01) increase the level of glucagon-like peptide 1 and leptin but significantly (P<0.01) decrease the level of insulin in comparison with the control uncrowded group.

Conclusions

Music may alleviate stressful situations and improve the quality of life.
Comparative study between manipulation under anesthesia combined with local steroid injection versus local steroid injection alone in resistant cases of coccydynia
Authors: Elsadek Amer A.M.
Published: June 2023

Background and aim

Coccydynia is pain around and in the coccyx; it is not a diagnosis, but it is symptom. Typically, the affected patients suffer from pain while sitting and particularly when rising from sitting. The current study aims to compare the manipulation under anesthesia combined with local steroid injection versus local steroid injection alone in resistant cases of coccydynia.

Patients and methods

The present study included 20 patients with coccydynia of different etiologies that unresponsive to medical treatment for more than 3 months. Those patients were classified into two groups: the first group included 10 patents that received a local injection alone. The other 10 patients of the second group had local steroid injection followed by immediate mobilization under anesthesia. The degree of improvement was recorded in every outpatient visit (1 week following the procedure, 1 month later, 3 months later, and after 6 months).

Results

The obtained results were evaluated according to visual analog scale (VAS) score and ODI. Patients in the first group had 5025+ improved at least two grades on the VAS score two (20%) of them had relapsed and their complaint recurred after 2 months. Another three (30%) patients had recurrence of the original complain after 4 months, that is, 50% of the cases had recurrence. Patients in the second group had improvement of more than four grades in the VAS score with no recorded recurrence, however two of them felt some discomfort for about 2 days after the manipulation that improved spontaneously.

Conclusion

Manipulation under anesthesia combined with local steroid injection is more superior to local injection alone in management of resistant coccydynia.