bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Organizational Tradition, Control, and Self?Efficacy on the Success of Civil Servants of Education Staff at the Ujung Pandang State Polytechnic Office
Authors: Umanailo M Chairul Basrun , Fatmawati
Published: March 2021

This study aims to: (1) Analyze the influence of organizational culture on the performance of Civil Servant Education Personnel at the Ujung Pandang State Polytechnic office; (2) Analyzing the impact of the power of Locus of Control on the Performance of Civil Servant Education Personnel at the Ujung Pandang State Polytechnic Office; (3) Analyze the effect of Self Efficacy on the Performance of Civil Servant Education Personnel at the Ujung Pandang State Polytechnic Office. Civil servants of education personnel at the Ujung Pandang State Polytechnic Office are the object of researchers using organizational culture, which is a system adopted by the organization, and locus of control and self?efficacy as a trait personality. This study combines the procedure adopted and individual character to measure employee performance. The method used in this research is a quantitative approach. Sampling in this study used probability sampling techniques with the Slovin formula so that the total sample was 114 people. The data were collected using a questionnaire a
jurnal leadership healthy.pdf
Authors: Maryanty Iti
Published: March 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini supaya bisa memaparkan tentang membangun kepemimpinan pemuda remaja yang sehat melalui model 5c. Didalam membangun kepemimpinanan yang sehat ini remaja kristen mampu memiliki realitas dalam hidupnya model 5C ini bisa membentuk sikap dan karakter serta membangun spritualitas secara relevan dalam mencetak generasi muda yang ada sehingga memiliki jiwa kepemimpinan yang tinggi melalui model 5C. metode yang digunaan untuk meneliti yaitu menggunakan metode kepustakaan dimana dianggap bisa untuk meneliti pmembangun kepimimpinan pada pemuda remaja. Dengan meneliti menggunakan literature tentang membangun kepemimpinan yang sehat kepada pemuda remaja , Pratik yang akan dilakukan kepada pemuda remaja mereka mengalami peningkatan spritualitas, karakter dan panggilan, serta komuniti secara signifikan disetiap pertemuan dan mereka juga bisa memurikan orang lain untuk menjadi pemimpin yang sehat.
PENGARUH POLA PERMISIF ORANGTUA TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN KEPRIBADIAN ANAK
Authors: Ngongo Inggriani
Published: March 2021

Anda sebagai orangtua Anda harus menyadari bahwa anak itu adalah titipan Allah. Yang artinya, Allah memberikan kepercayaan kepada Anda sebagai orang tua untuk menjaga, merawat, membimbing, mengarahkan, serta memperlakukan mereka dengan baik, tanpa melalaikan atau membiarkan mereka melakukan segala sesuatu tanpa bimbingan dan arahan dari Anda. Pergunakanlah sebaik-baiknya kepercayaan yang Allah berikan kepada Anda yaitu menjadi orangtua yang baik. Memperhatikan dengan baik pola pengasuhan yang Anda gunakan dan seperti apa dampaknya bagi pembentukan kepribadian anak Anda. Dalam penulisan ini, akan menggunakan metode penelitian pustaka atau studi literatur. Riset pustaka membatasi kegiatannya hanya pada bahan-bahan koleksi perpustakaan saja tanpa memerlukan riset lapangan. Anda sebagai orangtua harus tahu cara dan gaya pengasuhan yang terbaik untuk anak Anda. Jika Anda memberikan kebebasan untuk anak bertindak sesuai dengan keinginannya, Anda juga harus memberikan dan menetapkan peraturan-peraturan yang disertai komitmen dengan anak Anda. Sehingga anak Anda memiliki kepribadian yang terbentuk dengan baik. Yang mampu membuat anak Anda mampu menentukan yang terbaik untuk kehidupannya ke depan. Didiklah anak Anda dengan sebaik-baiknya. Berikanlah dia kebebasan untuk berkarya sebanyak mungkin, tapi jangan pernah lupa untuk memberitahukan kepadanya setiap peraturan-peraturan dan batasan-batasan yang harus dipatuhinya. Besarkanlah, didiklah, dampingilah, arahkanlah,sayangilah, perhatikanlah, dan nasihatilah mereka dengan kasih TUHAN dan jangan pernah mengabaikan mereka.
Reducing Uncertainty in the Onset of Combustion Instabilities using Dynamic Pressure Information and Bayesian Neural Networks
Authors: McCartney Michael , Sengupta Ushnish , Juniper Matthew
Published: March 2021

Modern, low emission combustion systems with improved fuel-air mixing are more prone to combustion instabilities and therefore use advanced control methods to balance minimum NOx emissions and and the presence of thermoacoustic combustion instabilities. The exact operating conditions at which the system becomes encounters an instability is uncertain because of sources of stochasticity, such as turbulent combustion, and the influence of hidden variables, such as un-measured wall temperatures or differences in machine geometry within manufacturing tolerances. Practical systems tend to be more elaborate than laboratory systems and tend to have less instrumentation, meaning that they suffer more from uncertainty induced by hidden variables. In many commercial systems, the only direct measurement of the combustor comes from a dynamic pressure sensor. In this study we train a Bayesain Neural Network (BNN) to predict the probability of onset of thermoacoustic instability at various times in the future, using only dynamic pressure measurements and the current operating condition. We show that, on a practical system, the error in the onset time predicted by the BNNs is 45% lower than the error when using the operating condition alone and more informative than the warning provided by commonly used precursor detection methods. This is demonstrated on two systems: (i) a premixed hydrogen/methane annular combustor, where the hidden variables are wall temperatures that depend on the rate of change of operating condition, and (ii) full scale prototype combustion system, where the hidden variables arise from differences between the systems.
Upward socioeconomic status comparison temporarily hinders working memory: an exploratory study
Authors: Suran Tiziano , Carnaghi Andrea , Rumiati Raffaella I
Published: March 2021

Socioeconomic inequalities can be perpetrated by psychological mechanisms which negatively impact the cognitive resources of the more disadvantaged. When expecting to be evaluated against higher status peers, lower socioeconomic status individuals show a lower performance on a range of tasks, hypothesized to stem from a threat response. In the present study, we tested whether the same response can be triggered by the expectation of such an upward comparison regardless of objective resources. Right before a working memory task, participants were given a feedback about their relative socioeconomic status and were told their score was going to be compared to that of higher (or lower) socioeconomic status participants. While the overall performance was unaffected by the manipulation, a worse performance in participants in the upward comparison condition was found in the initial trials. Additionally, performance in the upward comparison group, but not in the downward one, was negatively correlated with trait anxiety. This result, together with the lack of a disparity in terms of objective resources between groups, suggests how threat mechanisms hindering performance do not only affect the more disadvantaged, but can be also triggered across the SES spectrum by the mere perception of inequalities under comparative settings.
PREDICTORS OF MENTAL HEALTH AFTER THE FIRST WAVE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN POLAND
Authors: Długosz Piotr
Published: March 2021

The aim of the article is to determine the predictors of mental health among Polish society. Research was conducted after the first wave of the pandemic. Due to such an approach, it was possible to determine whether secondary effects of the pandemic have impact on mental health, apart from socio-demographic and psychological factors. In order to gather the research material, the CAWI on-line survey method was applied and carried out within the framework of the Ariadna Research Panel on the sample of 1079 Poles aged 15 and over. The FCV-19S scale, which is used to measure the fear of COVID-19 was applied in the measurement. It is a verified diagnostic instrument used to measure mental health in a lot of countries. The results of a hierarchical regression analysis have shown that the factors which increase the level of fear of COVID-19 are demographic, social and psychological features as well as attitudes towards the pandemic. The results of research indicate the significance of social context in the analysis and explanation of the effects of disasters and cataclysms
Do your eye movements reveal your performance on an IQ test? A study linking eye movements and socio-demographic information to fluid intelligence.
Authors: Kasneci Enkelejda , Kasneci Gjergji , Trautwein Ulrich , Appel Tobias , Tibus Maike , Jaeggi Susanne M. , Gerjets Peter
Published: March 2021

Understanding the main factors contributing to individual differences in fluid intelligence is one of the main challenges of psychology. A vast body of research and numerous empirical findings are based on the framework of the Cultural-Fair IQ test 20-R (CFT 20-R). In this work, we extend and complement the current state of research by analysing the relationship of socio-demographic and eye-movement-related information and the ability of a participant to correctly solve a CFT test item. Our work shows that a participant's eye movements while solving a CFT test item contain discriminative information and can be used to predict whether the participant will succeed in the current task. Moreover, the information related to eye movements complements the information provided by socio-demographic data when it comes to success prediction. In combination, both types of information yield a significantly higher predictive performance than each information type individually. To better understand the influence of features related to eye movements and socio-demographic information for the prediction of a participant's performance on a CFT item, we employ state-of-the-art explainability techniques and show that, along with socio-demographic variables, eye-movement data, especially the number of saccades and the mean pupil diameter, adds highly discriminating power. This ultimately suggests more efficient processing and more invested mental effort. Beyond the specific contribution to research on the relationship between eye movements and fluid intelligence, the findings presented in this work pave the way for further in-depth investigations of factors predicting fluid intelligence.
Amid Armed Conflict: Perceptions and the Psychological Impact of Covid-19 in Western Libya
Authors: Tresh Miriam
Published: March 2021

Global data on the perceptions and psychological impact of the Covid-19 pandemic suggests the outbreak and restriction measures have had significant negative welfare effects. However, negative psychological symptoms do not emerge with the same intensity for all countries. In western Libya, citizens live under the dual threat of armed conflict and Covid -19. The situation merits investigation to understand citizens’ sensitivity to the pandemic under a pre-existing crisis. This research aims to extend current understanding by examining how coping strategies namely, perceived coping self-efficacy and perceived social support, moderate the effects of the two crises. Furthermore, it intends to explore the additive effect, if any, the outbreak has on the psychological impact of armed conflict. By so doing, it contributes to global data on beliefs, perceptions, and the psychological impact of the pandemic. An online survey in the region during the first surge in Covid-19 cases was completed by 717 respondents. Results show the negative psychological impact of the Covid-19 pandemic is not globally consistent. While citizens of western Libya share the normative belief that their government’s response to the outbreak is insufficient, their support for preventative measures diverges negatively from global trends. Moreover, citizens do not have adequate personal coping mechanisms to deal with the impact of armed conflict. These findings are discussed, and recommendations are put forward for action by the government and the international Covid-19 response in Libya. In conclusion, the ongoing civil war has compounded the already dire social and economic conditions, resulting in Covid-19 having little additive effect on citizens’ psychological wellbeing. Drawing on social capital, in the form of perceived social support, is thought to buffer the impact of conflict, though the socio-political and economic circumstances may limit this.
Prediction and error in early infant speech learning: a speech acquisition model
Authors: Nixon Jessie S. , Tomaschek Fabian
Published: March 2021

In the last two decades, statistical clustering models have emerged as a dominant model of how infants learn the sounds of their language. However, recent empirical and computational evidence suggests that purely statistical clustering methods may not be sufficient to explain speech sound acquisition. To model early development of speech perception, the present study used a two-layer network trained with Rescorla-Wagner learning equations, an implementation of discriminative, error-driven learning. The model contained no a priori linguistic units, such as phonemes or phonetic features. Instead, expectations about the upcoming acoustic speech signal were learned from the surrounding speech signal, with spectral components extracted from an audio recording of child-directed speech as both inputs and outputs of the model. To evaluate model performance, we simulated infant responses in the high-amplitude sucking paradigm using vowel and fricative pairs and continua. The simulations were able to discriminate vowel and consonant pairs and predicted the infant speech perception data. The model also showed the greatest amount of discrimination in the expected spectral frequencies. These results suggest that discriminative error-driven learning may provide a viable approach to mod- elling early infant speech sound acquisition.
Perception and evaluation of 23 positive emotions in Hong Kong and the Netherlands
Authors: Sun Rui , Hou Wai Kai , Hui Pui Hung , Siu Nicolson Y. F. , Engels Tiarah , Sauter Disa
Published: March 2021

Positive emotions are linked to numerous benefits, but not everyone appreciates the same kinds of positive emotional experiences. We examined how distinct positive emotions are perceived and whether individuals’ perceptions were linked to how societies evaluate those emotions. Participants from Hong Kong and the Netherlands rated 23 positive emotions on their individual perceptions (positivity, arousal, socially engaging) and societal evaluations (appropriate, valued, and approved of). We found that (1) there were cultural differences in judgements of all six aspects of positive emotions; (2) positivity, arousal, and social engagement predicted emotions being positively regarded at the societal level in both cultures; and (3) positivity mattered more for the Dutch, while arousal and social engagement mattered more in Hong Kong for societal evaluations. These findings provided a granular map of perception and evaluation of distinct positive emotions in two cultures, and highlight the role of cultures in the understanding of how positive emotions are perceived and evaluated.
Middle Iron Age pottery production inside the boundary of the Kızılırmak. The pottery inventory of Uşaklı Höyük
Authors: Calderone Sabina
Published: March 2021

This contribution concerns the preliminary analysis of the Middle Iron Age pottery assemblage from 2016-2017 Ușaklı Höyük excavation seasons. Given the lack of a coherent and regionally shared archaeological sequence, in particular for the first part of 1st mill. BC, the evidence from Ușaklı Höyük can represent a new connection point. The comparative approach with the main sites of the region and the type-variety system represent the methodological foundations of this study. On the basis of chrono-typological and contextual comparanda, the Middle Iron Age material culture of the site shares morphological and decorative elements with sites of the same period, confirming a general homogeneity. At the same time, some qualitative attributes suggest a peculiar trait, typical of Ușaklı Höyük pottery production.
The Uses and Abuses of Tree Thinking in Cultural Evolution
Authors: Evans Cara , Greenhill Simon J. , Watts Joseph , List Johann-Mattis , Botero Carlos A. , Gray Russell , Kirby Kathryn R.
Published: March 2021

Modern phylogenetic methods are increasingly being used to address questions about macro-level patterns in cultural evolution. These methods can illuminate the unobservable histories of cultural traits and identify the evolutionary drivers of trait-change over time, but their application is not without pitfalls. Here we outline the current scope of research in cultural tree thinking, highlighting a toolkit of best practices to navigate and avoid the pitfalls and ‘abuses’ associated with their application. We emphasise two principles that support the appropriate application of phylogenetic methodologies in cross-cultural research: researchers should (1) draw on multiple lines of evidence when deciding if and which types of phylogenetic methods and models are suitable for their cross-cultural data, and (2) carefully consider how different cultural traits might have different evolutionary histories across space and time. When used appropriately phylogenetic methods can provide powerful insights into the processes of evolutionary change that have shaped the broad patterns of human history.
Between governability and legitimacy: The ECB and structural reforms
Authors: Braun Benjamin , Di Carlo Donato , Diessner Sebastian , Düsterhöft Maximilian
Published: March 2021

How do European institutions affect the tension between economic globalization and social protection? While scholars have focused on the legal and economic logics of European integration embodied by the European Court of Justice and the Commission, much less is known about the monetary logic of integration embodied by the European Central Bank (ECB). Although the ECB lacks the authority to intervene in labor market or social policies, we document its persistent advocacy for structural reforms between 1999 and 2014, and its subsequent silence on the topic. To explain this puzzling pattern, we draw on the rationalist variant of historical institutionalism. Based on a mixed-methods analysis of speeches, parliamentary hearings, and interviews, we show that the ECB navigated a trade-off between ungovernability and illegitimacy. To maintain monetary governability in a heterogeneous currency area, the ECB pushed for structural reforms until legitimacy concerns compelled it to reverse course.
KAGHSI-2 (KSP046), MEGHRADZOR-1 (KSP059) AND BERDI GLUKH (KSP061) THREE RECENTLY DISCOVERED KURA-ARAXES SITES IN KOTAYK REGION, ARMENIA
Authors: Petrosyan Artur , Dan Roberto , Vitolo Priscilla , Gasparyan Boris , Cesaretti Andrea , Gasparro Onofrio
Published: March 2021

The paper deals with the results of the discovery of three new archaeological sites in the Kotayk region of modern Republic of Armenia dated to the 3th millennium BC. The archaeological materials collected during the survey are indeed referable to the Kura-Araxes culture that developed in those areas during the Early Bronze Age. The three sites add important information for the knowledge of central Armenia during the 3th millennium BC.
PENETAPAN TARIF KAMAR HOTEL BERINGIN DUA SOMLAKI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN (Willingness to Pay)
Authors: TUATFARU MIHEL
Published: March 2021

Hotel merupakan salah satu penunjang dalam menjawab kebutuhan konsumen dalam berkunjung ke suatu daerah. Salah satu hotel yang menjadi lokasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Hotel Beringin Dua, yang terletak di Saumlaki, Kecamatan Tanimbar Selatan Kabupaten Kepulauan Tanimbar. Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh peneliti dengan tujuan untuk melakukan analisis terkait dengan tarif kamar hotel Beringin Dua Saumlaki dengan pendekatan welingness To pay. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Deskriptif dengan metode pengumpulan data menggunakan Communication Method (survey dan wawancara) dan non communication method (observasi, experiment, dan kajian literatur). Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, tariff kamar hotel yang dikenakan kepada konsumen lebih rendah dari hasil yang diperoleh melalui analisis Price Sensivity Meter yang mana terdapat selisih pada kelas superior dan superior king.
Improving Signal to Noise Ratio in Ultra High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Tavaf Nader
Published: March 2021

Ultra-High Field (UHF) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) advantages, including higher image resolution, reduced acquisition time via parallel imaging, and better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) have opened new opportunities for various clinical and research projects, including functional MRI, brain connectivity mapping, and anatomical imaging. The advancement of these UHF MRI performance metrics, especially SNR, was the primary motivation of this thesis. Unaccelerated SNR depends on receive array sensitivity profile, receiver noise correlation and static magnetic field strength. Various receive array decoupling technologies, including overlap/inductive and preamplifier decoupling, were previously utilized to mitigate noise correlation. In this dissertation, I developed a novel self-decoupling principle to isolate elements of a loop-based receive array and demonstrated, via full-wave electromagnetic/circuit co-simulations validated by bench measurements, that the self-decoupling technique provides inter-element isolation on par with overlap decoupling while self-decoupling improves SNR. I then designed and constructed the first self-decoupled 32 and 64 channel receiver arrays for human brain MR imaging at 10.5T / 447MHz. Experimental comparisons of these receive arrays with the industry’s gold-standard 7T 32 channel receiver resulted in 1.81 times and 3.53 times more average SNR using the 10.5T 32 and 64 channel receivers I built, respectively. To further improve the SNR of accelerated MR images, I developed a novel data-driven model using a customized conditional generative adversarial network (GAN) architecture for parallel MR image reconstruction and demonstrated that, when applied to human brain images subsampled with rate of 4, the GAN model results in a peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 37.65 compared to GeneRalized Autocalibrating Partial Parallel Acquisition (GRAPPA)’s PSNR of 33.88.In summary, the works presented in this dissertation improved the SNR available for human brain imaging and provided the experimental realization of the advantages anticipated at 10.5T MRI. The insights from this thesis inform future efforts to build self-decoupled transmit arrays and high density, 128 channel loop-based receive arrays for human brain MRI especially at ultra-high field as well as future studies to utilize deep learning techniques for reconstruction and post-processing of parallel MR images.
Assessment of climate change vulnerability in Chiti area of Lamjung district, Nepal
Authors: Gurung Sher Bahadur
Published: March 2021

Climate change issue is the global concern of the present day. The present study attempts to assess the vulnerability of the community due to climate change for which Chiti area of Besisahar Municipality from Lamjung district of Nepal was selected as the study area. The climate change vulnerability was assessed using the Long Term Research Program (LTRP). The long term climate change vulnerability household surveys from 2014 baseline data to 2016, 2017 and 2019 data were analysed in this study. This study adapted IPCC (2001) methodology i.e. also used by C4 EcoSolutions on their baseline climate change vulnerability assessment. This is a bottom-up, integrative approach that considers both physical and social dimensions at a local level. Consequently, vulnerability is best understood as a function of three components: exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Exposure to climate change vulnerability is calculated with sum of changes in temperature, changes in rainfall patterns, changes in rainfall intensity, drought episodes and flooding events. Sensitivity is calculated based on slope failures, soil fertility, changes in natural environment (i) soil cover; ii) levels of river sedimentation; iii) water salinity; iv) river ecosystems; v) forest size; and vi) the presence of invasive species), economic dependency level, irrigation facilities and livelihood sources. The major finding is that Chiti has been facing climate change since last decade and it is found severely vulnerable due to climate change. There is an urgent need of improvement on climate change adaptive capacity which could result of awareness, information on climate change and adaptation, surplus production and change in agricultural practices. The present study has used awareness score based on conceptual awareness, experiential awareness, and engagement of household to talk about climate change and adaptation. The Long Term Research Approach is appropriate to assess climate change vulnerability in community level. Climate change awareness is one of the major components to reduce vulnerability to climate change in the research area. This is a post adaptation vulnerability analysis of local community which supports climate change vulnerability adaptation policy.
Black Art: An Aesthetic Transformation for Freedom and Justice
Authors: Dhakal Lekha Nath
Published: March 2021

This paper attempts to explore African Americans’ world view and its roots in Black Aesthetics. It also reveals that Black art is an aesthetic transformation of African Americans for freedom and an expectation of a higher level of life. Supporters of Black Aesthetics appealed to black artists to establish a new standard of judgment and beauty based on African myths, spirituality, belief systems and music in opposition to Western aesthetic. However, the Black Aesthetics had its origins in those first artistic resonances of black slaves in the form of spirituals, coded singing and signifying, and later in writings. Black aesthetic theory in the United States traces its origin to the literature of slavery and freedom. The slave narratives depict African-Americans’ artistic and academic labors to show their humanity and critical moments in the development of Black aesthetics. Writing about their own communities in order to establish a sense of self-worth and claiming their identities as African Americans are crucial elements in the works of many Black writers.
Competitor Accounting (CA) of Joint Venture Banks
Authors: Pokharel Prakash
Published: March 2021

In order to facilitate the collection and analysis of accounting information related with the competitor in the context of strategic management accounting, the term competitor accounting has been developed. However, no empirical results are available as to the extent to which such information influences strategic decision behavior. Main purpose of this study is to explore the effect of competitor accounting on performance of the joint venture banks, and compare the effectiveness of competitor accounting between those banks. For this structured questionnaire survey with 133 staffs of the concerned banks as well as unstructured interview with 4 senior managers were conducted. Various published and unpublished reports like annual reports of the concerned banks were also used. From the study it is found out that levels of CA formalised application appear limited, especially when compared with a widely held managerial perception that significant benefits could derive from CA. The CA practices noted were conducted in an unstructured and ad hoc manner. CA does not have any effect on performance of Nepalese joint venture banks because of not applying any formalised CA application.

The study had /some of the limitations generally associated with a qualitative as well as quantitative study. These limitations include the degree of subjectivity that is invoked when researchers interpret qualitative data, scarcity of various resources, and accuracy of secondary data.

The study clarifies the notion of CA and provides an outline of CA management issues arising in the context of a joint venture banks. An outline is provided of those parts of a bank operation that are most likely to be more active in CA, together with empirically informed suggestions with respect to CA uses in a joint venture banks.
Gender Discrimination and Its Impacts in Macro-Economic Development
Authors: Shrestha Savitri
Published: March 2021

Gender refers to the complex social construction of men’s and women’s identities. Sex and gender are different. The biological or physical construction is sex, which is created by nature. Gender is  purely a social construct.

Gender Equality is a concept that is yet to be materialized. Around the world different individuals and groups of people are marginalized and discriminated on the basis of various factors, but discrimination against women is universal. Due to this, women are not able to use their full potential or assert their rights to live healthy life, and it has a deep impact in economic development.

Gender equality is not only matter of human right but also basic of economic development. Gender inequality is a severe obstacle to socio-economic development, human capital development and income generation. Gender inequality is harmful to long term development and growth. Unequal gender will never alone be sufficient for poverty reduction and economic development.

Gender discrimination not only affects females but males as well. The discriminatory practices do not only affect individuals but national economy and world economy as a whole. Due to stereotypical division of work most men are over loaded with economic duties, while women are being limited to household works only. Fifty per cent of the world population is over-loaded with economic duties, while fifty per cent of the brain is underutilized. The economic value of the household work which is done by females is not calculated and reflected in a country’s economy. This devalues the effort and work done by females and also is loss for the national economy. Education and development goes together, for a better balance of gender, educational equality is must. Education is key factor to promote human capital, which ensures economic growth. Formal education, trainings, study programs improves the capacity of individuals to live a decent life, which is the basic of development. Gender will never alone be sufficient for development.

Gender equality is not only matter of human right but also basis of economic development.
Status of Employment Among Tamangs and Non-Tamangs Women in Sindhupalchowk District
Authors: Dulal Tulasa Devi
Published: March 2021

This paper tries to highlight the women’s working status in previous time to some changing status these days in Sinhupalchowk District. In the previous time women have to do all manual work, women reserve the grain, tend to the livestock, grow the vegetable in the kitchen garden, transplant the saplings at the start of the cropping season and than again reap, thresh and clean the harvest. Such activities are not restricted to the village economy alone; women are also equally involved in other development work of their community these days.

The family work could be defined as the total volume of physical and mental labour performed for the maintenance of a family. It incorporate all the endeavors applied for the person him/herself and for others. Indeed, the family work in total should be termed as the collective responsibility of all the members of family. However the burden of family work is usually greater for the women and for those people living in the marginalized economy of the household. The CNAS collected data suffices the ground to conclude that the women in Sindhupalchowk have miserable life .But now-days some women are changing their employment to government service and foreign employment.
Analyzing student performance in secondary education examination using logistic regressions
Authors: Acharya Krishna Prasad
Published: March 2021

The performance of the school examination results (CGPA) of 533 students who were admitted to higher secondary school in management stream of 2073 in Dolakha district was analyzed by examining their cumulative grade point average (CGPA) using binary logistic regression model. Factors affecting the CGPA were investigated. The factor that significantly influenced the CGPA in Secondary Education Examination (SEE) was types of schools. Other factors including gender and teaching language were found to be statistically not significant.
Role of Bone Marrow Trephine Biopsies in the Diagnosis of Hematological and Non-Hematological Disorders
Authors: Pande Kricha , Sinha Arvind Kumar , Pradhan Anju , Rijal Suman , Bhatta Nisha Keshari
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Bone marrow examination has become increasingly important for the diagnosis and treatment of hematologic and other illnesses. Bone marrow aspirates along with their peripheral smears and bone marrow trephine biopsies are considered to be complementary.Materials and Methods: This hospital-based, cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Pathology for one year (March 2011 to March 2012) at BPKIHS, Dharan. Fortyeight adequate bone marrow aspirates along with peripheral blood smears and trephine biopsies were selected and examined. Bone marrow trephine biopsies performed simultaneously with aspirate were correlated with the other two fi ndings to arrive at a conclusive diagnosis.Results: Bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy were found as complementary tests in 51.8% of cases. Bone marrow trephine biopsy provided a conclusive diagnosis in 25.9% of cases where bone marrow aspiration was inconclusive. Bone marrow aspiration alone was diagnostic in 22.2% of cases. In 43.7% of cases both aspiration and trephine biopsy were unable to provide a specificdiagnosis. Bone marrow biopsy was the diagnostic investigation in cases like aplastic anemia, myelofi brosis, and hypoplastic marrow.Conclusions: This study concludes that bone marrow aspiration smear along with peripheral smear findings and marrow trephine biopsy is required to arrive at a conclusive result.
The Pattern of viral seromarkers in patients with elevated plasma creatinine of ≥ 3.5mg/dl
Authors: Olaniyan Mathew Folaranmi , Ojediran Tolulope Busayo , Ozuruoke Donatus FN
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Viral seromarkers are expressed in the serum or plasma to indicate viral infection while chronic viral infections may lead to organ failures and also kidneys have receptors as a point of entry for some viruses. This work was therefore designed to characterize viral seromarkers in patients with elevated plasma creatinine of ≥ 3.5mg/dl to determine the possible contribution of viral infections to renal disease as elevated creatinine is an index of renal disease.Materials and Methods: The study population included 62 patients aged 41 – 75 years with elevated plasma creatinine of 3.9± 0.4 mg/dl as test subjects and 100 age-matched volunteers with normal plasma creatinine of 0.8±0.2mg/dl as control subjects. Anti-HCV, HBsAg, HBeAg, and HIV; HIVp24Ag/Ab were determined in the subjects by ELISA while plasma creatinine was measured by spectrophotometry.Results: The viral seromarkers obtained in the subjects include:14.5%(09) Anti-HCV; 4.8%(03) p24Ag/Ab; 22.3%(14) HBsAg and 25%(16) HBeAb in the patients with plasma creatinine of 3.9 ± 0.4 mg/dl while 5%(05) Anti-HCV; 2%(02) p24Ag/Ab ; 12%(12) HBsAg and 18%(18) HBeAb were obtained in subjects with plasma creatinine of 0.8±0.2mg/dl.

Conclusions:  There was a significant relationship between viral infection and renal disease (suggested by elevated plasma creatinine) as the expression of viral seromarkers of antiHCV, HBsAg, HBeAg, and HIV; HIVp24Ag/Ab in this work were more in patients with plasma creatinine of 3.9 ± 0.4 mg/dl than subjects with plasma creatinine of 0.8±0.2mg/dl while HBsAg and HBeAg were found to be more frequent.
Comparative Study of Colorectal Cancer Based on Tumor Location in Adolescent and Young Adult Population in Nepal
Authors: Deo Rajeeb Kumar , Chitalkar Prakash G , Malla Srijan , Shrestha Bikash , Shah Kunda B , Karki Binod
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Colorectal cancer in the Adolescent and Young Adult population are increasing and are characterized by a more advanced stage at diagnosis, poorer cell differentiation, higher signet ring histology, and left-sided colon location of the primary tumor. This study aims to compare colorectal cancer data in the Adolescent and Young Adult population-based on tumor location.Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of colorectal cancer in the Adolescent and Young Adult population from April 2017 to September 2020 in Shree Birendra Hospital. Data were collected for age, sex, clinical features, histology, TNM stage, colonoscopy finding, radiologic features, treatment, and follow-up status based on tumor location. Data were analyzed using Excel 2010 and SPSS v 17.Results: The total number of patients was 61 with the mean age of 32.36 ± 6.24 years. There was a male preponderance of 63.93%. Right-sided colorectal cancer was 24.59% while left-sided colorectal cancer was 75.41%. For right-sided colorectal cancers, the most common symptoms were pain abdomen (73.3%) and diarrhea (53.3%) while for left-sided colorectal cancers, it was pain abdomen (80.4%) and bleeding per rectum (45.7%). The most common histology was adenocarcinoma (95.08%) with moderately differentiated being most common in both locations. Surgery, radiation and chemotherapy for right-sided and left-sided colorectal cancer were 86.66%, 0.0%, 86.66% and 58.67%, 28.26%, 89.13% respectively.Conclusions: Left-sided colorectal cancer was more common in the Adolescent and Young Adult population in our study. There were signifi cant differences in the clinical presentation of colorectal cancer as per the tumor location.
Dysgerminoma in Pseudohermaphroditism: A Case Report
Authors: Pun Rashmey , Pudasaini Sujata , Mahaseth Rita , Shrestha Kriti
Published: March 2021

Female pseudohermaphroditism occurs when normal ovaries are present but the body is partially masculinized as individuals with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, also known as adrenogenital syndrome. This is an inherited disorder that accounts for about one-half of all cases of human intersexuality. We report a case of a 24-year-old male presenting with abdominal pain and increasing abdominal distension for one month. Computed tomography scan revealed large multiloculated heterogeneously enhancing solid –cystic lesion in the abdominopelvic cavity– malignant gonadal mass, gross ascites, and visualization of the poorly formed elongated uterus-like structure in the recto-uterine pouch and phallus-like structure with non-visualization of bilateral testes. Histopathology report suggested germ cell tumor and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of dysgerminoma. Since dysgerminoma is sensitive to platinum-based chemotherapy patient was subjected to chemotherapy and the patient showed a good response. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy with right salpingo-oophorectomy with omentectomy and appendectomy.
Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma: A Rare Aggressive Variant of Chondrosarcoma
Authors: Jhunjhunwala Adarsh Kumar , Ghosh Arnab , Shrestha Manish Kiran , Ghartimagar Dilasma , Thapa Sushma , Regmi Sudeep , Dhakal Binod
Published: March 2021

A 15-year-old boy reported a 2-month history of severe left thigh pain Physical examination revealed left thigh swelling measuring 6x5 cm. X-ray of the region showed mixed lytic and sclerotic lesion involving the femoral head and neck. A Computed Tomography scan showed mixed lytic and sclerotic lesion involving the femoral head and neck with cortical irregularity and mild periosteal reaction with associated soft tissue in the anterior aspect.  Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated heterogeneous signal intensity lesion with areas of sclerosis involving the femoral head and neck. The large associated soft tissue in the anterior aspect appears predominantly hyperintense on T2W images. On post-contrast axial and sagittal images, heterogeneous enhancement with areas of necrosis involving soft tissue was seen. A presumptive radiological differential diagnosis of Ewing Sarcoma and Osteosarcoma was made. However, on histopathology, it was a case of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma.
Adenoid Basal Carcinoma of Cervix: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Karna Alina , Sharma Nisha
Published: March 2021

Adenoid basal carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a rare low-grade tumor and its cell origin is still obscure. Adenoid basal carcinoma can be confused with adenoid basal hyperplasia, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. We present here a case of a 59 year-old-female who initially presented with a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion on Pap smear. Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. Histopathology revealed focal invasive adenoid basal carcinoma with extensive areas of a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion involving the endocervical gland. The immunohistochemical stain was positive for p16.
Radziecki ruch pionierski w powieści Пищеблок Aleksieja Iwanowa — doświadczenie pokoleniowe w nowej perspektywie
Authors: Arciszewska-Tomczak Katarzyna
Published: March 2021

The main subject of this article is an analysis of the novel Пищеблок. The author of the article gives special attention to the theme of vampirism, used by Ivanov as a metaphor for the authoritarian Soviet system and its influence on citizens of the USRR, especially on scouts. Scouting can be described as a generational experience of the inhabitants of the Soviet Union. To present scouting in the USRR, the writer recreates the nostalgia of childhood, describing in the process the political and propagandistic aspects of scouting. The article also presents literary production of Ivanov.
Thought-Forms Gone Rogue: A Theory for Psi-Critics and Parapsychologists
Authors: Parker Adrian
Published: March 2021

It is argued that psi-critics Reber and Alcock have lifted the debate from the impasse concerning the evidence for the existence of psi phenomena, toward focusing on understanding the nature of the phenomena. This focus concerns the demand to show that statistical findings are not anomalies but reflect real cause and effect relationships and to find a common theoretical framework for what otherwise appear to be heterogeneous rogue phenomena. It is maintained here that the demand for showing causal relationships is already met by a methodology using real-time recordings of changing target imagery along with receiver mentation. The demand by critics for a theoretical understanding linking all or most of the rogue phenomena, led to the proposition advanced here concerning thought-forms and co-conscious states. According to this, the many “rogue phenomena” both in psychology and parapsychology (such as automatic writing, lucid dream characters, spirit possessions, and entity experiences in psychedelic states) are to be understood as representing dissociated thought-forms with varying degrees of co-consciousness and in some cases the development of a genuine degree of autonomy and identity.

Keywords: altered states, thought-forms, consciousness, psi, skepticism, automatic writing, co-consciousness, possession
The Myth of Disenchantment: Magic, Modernity, and the Birth of the Human Sciences by Jason A. Josephson-Storm
Authors: Fernandes Dmitri Cerboncini , Moreira-Almeida Alexander
Published: March 2021

We live in a contradictory world. Self-proclaimed “skeptics”, as the original meaning itself suggests, should first of all strive for proper scientific rationality, for reflective and objective distancing in the apprehension of reality, for methodological caution and for the extended ability to theoretical and philosophical understanding of intricate problems, in practice, too often have entrenched themselves in dogmatic groups. Inquisitors often endowed with the appearance of religious fanaticism, in the worst sense of the term, invest their energies in a crusade of attacks to everyone to whom they attribute mistakes, naivety or even bad intentions. In practice, the universe of those who do not fit in their often restricted, idealized and naïve views of scientific practice. With them, there is hardly any possibility of frank dialogue or opening to research fields that escape their conceptions of what science and philosophy can approach and how they should operate. Charlatans, backward, believers, superstitious; these are some disqualifications generally granted to researchers who dare to go beyond the limits they established for science and rationality.

To substantiate their certainties, such self-proclaimed skeptics often claim to base their approach to science on the examples given by highly regarded scientists and philosophers of the past. We speak here of scholars of the stature of Giordano Bruno, Francis Bacon, René Descartes, Isaac Newton, the Encyclopedists, Immanuel Kant, Arthur Schopenhauer, Sigmund Freud, James Frazer, the Vienna Circle, Max Weber, etc. Despite their different approaches, we are talking about many of the very founders of modern Western knowledge. The self-proclaimed contemporary “skeptics” claim their inscriptions in the tradition inaugurated by these illustrious intellectual ancestors. They claim to defend with determination such a rationalist tradition against “pseudoscientists” and “mystic-religious" philosophers who, according to their opinions, wish to corrupt it through insidious insertions in a field that would not rightfully belong to them. This would be their main mission.
Retraction of: Parra, A., & Giménez Amarilla, P. (2017). Anomalous/paranormal experiences reported by nurses in relation to their patients in hospitals. Journal of Scientific Exploration, 31(1), 11–28.
Authors: Erickson Kathleen E
Published: March 2021

The Journal of Scientific Exploration is retracting this article because of multiple instances of plagiarism, with no attribution (no quotation marks used, no text citations). The first source is not cited and does not appear in the References. The second source is cited once but not related to the plagiarized text, and it does appear in the References list.
Signs of Reincarnation: Exploring Beliefs, Cases, and Theory by James Matlock
Authors: Braude Stephen
Published: March 2021

James Matlock’s book, Signs of Reincarnation, is a recent addition to a seemingly endless stream of confused or superficial works on the topic of survival. Admittedly (and as one would expect), the case material is often of genuine interest. But when Matlock tries to make sense of that material, he demonstrates little grasp of the current state of the debate. Even worse, he seems unaware of the intellectually responsible strategies for challenging and criticizing positions opposed to his own.

Since Matlock criticizes what he says are my views throughout his book, and because this issue of the JSE features two comprehensive reviews of that book, I’ll focus only on the principal respects in which Matlock misdescribes my position and ignores the extended discussions I’ve provided, not only in Immortal Remains (Braude, 2003), but elsewhere (e.g., Braude, 2005a, 2005b, 2014a, 2014b, 2020), explaining the problems with the tired and flawed lines of reasoning he endorses.