bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ СЕЛЕКТИВНЫХ ПРИЕМОВ КУЛЬТИВИРОВАНИЯ САХАРНОЙ СВЕКЛЫ, ПОВЫШАЮЩИХ КОМПЛЕКСНУЮ УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ К ОСМОТИЧЕСКИМ СТРЕССАМ
Authors: Черкасова Н.Н. , Жужжалова Т.П.
Published: October 2024

Оптимизирован состав питательной среды для получения регенерантов сахарной свеклы с комплексной устойчивостью к стрессовым факторам в условиях in vitro. Двукратный отбор в селективных условиях повысил толерантность регенерантов к ионному стрессу. Выявлены селективные концетрации для эффективного ризогенеза микроклонов. Отобраны линии сахарной свеклы с устойчивостью к осмотическому и ионному стрессам. Ключевые слова: стресс, растения-регенеранты, in vitro, маннит, ацетат кадмия, селективная питательная среда, сахарная свекла, ионная токсичность.

The composition of the nutrient medium for obtaining sugar beet regenerants with complex resistance to stress factors under in vitro conditions has been optimized. Double selection under selective conditions increased the tolerance of regenerants to ion stress. Selective concentrations for effective rhizogenesis of microclones were revealed. Sugar beet lines with resistance to osmotic and ionic stress were selected.
Фунгицид Мистерия, МЭ в защите сахарной свеклы от церкоспороза
Authors: Подковенко О.В. , Гаджиева Г.И.
Published: October 2024

Одной из наиболее распространенных и экономически значимых болезней, поражающих посевы сахарной свеклы в Республике Беларусь, является церкоспороз. При сильном поражении значительно снижаются урожайность и сахаристость корнеплодов, нарушаются физиологические процессы. Представлены результаты двухлетних исследований эффективности фунгицида Мистерия, МЭ (пираклостробин, 80 г/л + тебуконазол, 80 г/л + дифеноконазол, 40 г/л), применяемого для защиты культуры от данной болезни. Установлено, что в условиях депрессивного и позднего развития церкоспороза фунгицид сохраняет достаточную биологическую эффективность в течение 4–5 недель после опрыскивания. Двукратное применение сдерживает развитие болезни до уборки, что позволяет дополнительно получить до 22–27 % урожая корнеплодов и увеличить выход сахара на 9,0–34,0 %.

One of the most common and economically significant diseases affecting sugar beet crops in the Republic of Belarus is cercosporosis. With a strong damage, the yield and sugar content of root crops are significantly reduced, physiological processes are disrupted. The results of two-year studies of the effectiveness of the fungicide Mystery, ME (pyraclostrobin, 80 g/l + tebuconazole, 80 g/l + diphenoconazole, 40 g/l), used to protect the culture from this disease, are presented. It was found that in conditions of depressive and late development of cercosporosis, the fungicide retains sufficient biological efficiency for 4–5 weeks after spraying. Two–time use restrains the development of the disease before harvesting, which allows you to additionally obtain up to 22–27 % of the crop of root crops and increase the sugar yield by 9.0–34.0 %.
Продуктивность и экономическая эффективность возделывания яровой мягкой пшеницы при внекорневых обработках хелатными микроудобрениями
Authors: Никифоров В.М. , Никифоров М.И. , Пасечник Н.М.
Published: October 2024

Представлены результаты оценки эффективности внекорневого применения разных хелатных микроудобрений при возделывании яровой мягкой пшеницы в условиях полевого опыта 2019–2022 гг. на серых лесных почвах Брянской области. Установлено, что использование внекорневых подкормок посевов яровой мягкой пшеницы хелатами микроэлементов увеличивает массу зерна с колоса и массу 1000 семян на 2–3 %, количество продуктивных стеблей – на 3–4 %, урожайность – на 6–8 %, рентабельность производства зерна – на 25–27 %.

The results of evaluating the effectiveness of non–root application of various chelated micro fertilizers in the cultivation of spring soft wheat in the field experience in 2019–2022 on gray forest soils of the Bryansk region are presented. It was found that the use of non–root fertilizing of spring soft wheat crops with trace element chelates increases the weight of grain per ear and the weight of 1000 seeds by 2–3 %, the number of productive stems by 3–4 %, yield by 6–8 %, profitability of grain production by 25–27 %.
Quels leviers d’action complémentaires aux messages médiatiques sur les transitions sociétales ?
Authors: BILLAUDEAU Valérie
Published: October 2024

Face à l’augmentation des risques climatiques mis en évidence depuis plusieurs décennies dans les rapports du GIEC et les médias, le Collège des transitions sociétales-CTS favorise l’engagement en partageant une culture sur les enjeux sociétaux. Proposant de sortir du formatage médiatique, CTS expérimente une démarche de coopération et des actions pilotes pour tenter d’accélérer les transitions. Nous avons suivi leur programme d’action-recherche entre fin 2021 et l’été 2023, caméra « au poing ». Cette étude empirique met en lumière plusieurs pistes d’analyse : la volonté de faire vivre des espaces de délibération comme leviers d’action nécessaires aux transitions avec une démarche réflexive ; l’émergence du film de recherche comme forme alternative et complémentaire aux médias ; la possibilité, pour les chercheurs en SIC, de participer à une médiation transformatrice qui « prend appui sur un dispositif hybride composé d’objets communicants et auquel l’intervention humaine donne une épaisseur sociale à la communication » (Caune, 1999)
Role of CD4 Receptor in Diagnosis of AIDS
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, S.G.P.G.I.M.S., Lucknow, India, M Kumar , R Kumar ,   Department of Life Sciences, C.S.M. University, Kanpur, India, AA Mahdi ,   Department of Biochemistry, K.G. Medical University, Lucknow, India, TN Dhole ,   Department of Microbiology, S.G.P.G.I.M.S., Lucknow, India
Published: October 2024

This study was aimed to determine the Role of CD4 receptor in diagnosis of AIDS. Twenty apparently normal human subjects and 100 cases of different kinds of HIV /AIDS were included in this study. Their age ranged between below 29 to above 59 years. All these subjects were selected from Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India. Blood samples were collected from these volunteers in the sterilized vials and processed for CD4 Count using flow cytometry. Data were analyzed with statistical package (SPSS 16.0) software. Results were presented in simple tables with frequencies. Mean age in both case and control groups are having slightly difference. Most of the CD4 +ve patients in the age less than 29 years while CD4-ve in age between 29-39 years. Females are more common among case group while males among control group. Most of the positive cases have CD4 cell count between 200-500. CD4 cell count ranged from 467.23 ± 291.34 (Group I(cases)), 716.15 ± 288.22 (Group II(control)). Statistically, this difference among groups was significant (p<0.05). The Age group distribution mean comparison of two groups was significant (p<0.05) in age group (Less than 29). There is a strong relationship between CD4 cell count values and Viral load (R=0.837). The Gender wise mean comparison of viral load in CD4 positive patients was found significant (p<0.05). The study helps in early detection and monitoring of HIV. A viral load test measures how much human immunodeficiency virus is in the blood. Measuring the CD4 count by flow cytometry method to disease progression for HIV
Unraveling the Meaning of Effective Uptake Coefficients in Multiphase and Aerosol Chemistry
Authors: Reynolds Ryan , Wilson Kevin
Published: October 2024

Reactions of gas phase molecules with surfaces play key roles in atmospheric and environmental chemistry. Reactive uptake coefficients (γ), the fraction of gas-surface collisions that yield a reaction, are used to quantify the kinetics in these heterogeneous and multiphase systems. Unlike rate coefficients for homogeneous gas or liquid phase reactions, uptake coefficients are emergent quantities that depend upon a multitude of underlying elementary steps. As such, uptake coefficients adopt complex scaling behavior with reactant concentrations and other physicochemical properties of the interface, making predictions of γ particularly challenging. Typically, γgas is obtained by measuring the loss rate of a gas phase molecule above a liquid or solid surface relative to its collision frequency. By definition, γgas ≤ 1. Highly efficient reactions proceed at or near the gas-surface collision frequency and exhibit values of γgas near unity. Alternatively, heterogeneous kinetics are often measured using the consumption rate of a condensed phase reactant normalized to the gas-surface collision frequency, yielding instead an effective uptake coefficient (γeff). In many cases, γeff and γgas are not equal, yielding additional insights into the nature of the reaction. For example, substantial diffusive limitations in the condensed phase may inhibit reactivity, yielding γeff << γgas. In contrast, γeff > γgas in the presence of condensed phase secondary reactions, with values of γeff often exceeding 1 for the case of radical chain reactions. In this account, we will discuss how measurements of γeff in aerosol reveal the origins of complex physical and chemical behavior in multiphase reactions that can be uniquely observed and understood through the lens of effective uptake coefficients. For example, the scaling of γeff with water vapor in aqueous systems, or shell thickness in core-shell aerosol, yields insight into relative transport and reaction timescales of gaseous oxidants, while the scaling of γeff with oxidant and trace gas concentrations provides a distinctive signature of the underlying competition between free radical propagation and termination mechanisms. Further, changes in γeff induced by careful selection of the molecular structure of the condensed-phase reactants help identify new reaction pathways and indirectly report on the reaction kinetics of short-lived species, including Criegee Intermediates. Through these examples we will show how proper experimental design and accurate measurements of an effective uptake coefficient can be used to interrogate complex multiphase reaction mechanisms.
SE(3) Equivariant Topologies for Structure-based Drug Discovery
Authors: Prat Alvaro , Abdel Aty Hisham , Pabrinkis Aurimas , Bastas Orestis , Paquet Tanya , Kamuntavičius Gintautas , Tal Roy
Published: October 2024

Modeling protein-ligand interactions is a challenging task that has been approached through an array of perspectives. From physics-based computational approaches to vast deep learning pipelines, in silico methods hold promise in reducing experimental overhead in the otherwise tedious and costly drug discovery campaigns. We introduce Protein-Ligand Equivariant Transformer (ProLET), a generalizable model built upon chemically inspired SE(3) equivariant geometric deep learning. We evaluate ProLET on a wide range of established standards, including the notoriously difficult PoseBusters and Merck’s FEP benchmarks, consistently demonstrating superior performance in binding affinity prediction and pose estimation. We demonstrate its effectiveness across different stages in drug discovery, showing that ProLET can be used for lead optimization and hit identification as well as for prioritizing compounds that are selective towards a desired target. By bridging the gap between accuracy, efficiency, and generalizability, ProLET stands as a powerful and adaptive resource, signifying a step towards safe and reliable AI-driven drug discovery.
Photoluminescent Properties of Tb-UiO-66 Metal–Organic Frame-work Analogues
Authors: Canales Galvez Ximena A. , Richezzi Micaela , Bicalho Hudson A. , Labadie Natalia , Pellegrinet Silvina C. , Titi Hatem M. , Howarth Ashlee J.
Published: October 2024

Three new analogues of Tb-UiO-66 with various functional groups (–F, –Br, –NH2) on the terephthalic acid linker of the metal–organic framework (MOF) are synthesized and characterized. The photoluminescent properties of these analogues, as well as Tb-UiO-66 and Tb-UiO-66-(OH)2, are studied and correlated to the calculated energies for the triplet (T1) states of each linker. The results show that the addition of electron withdrawing groups, such as –F and –Br, lead to higher T1 energies, resulting in quantum yields in the range of 6-31 %. The addition of electron donating groups, on the other hand, lowers the T1 energy of the organic linker and inhibits energy transfer such that emission is not observed.
Electrochemical 3-Component Synthesis of Alkenesulfonates from Cinnamic Acids, SO2 and Alcohols
Authors: Chien Po-Chung , Breitschaft Florian A. , Kelm Harald , Waldvogel Siegfried. R. , Manolikakes Georg
Published: October 2024

A novel, electrochemical 3-component reaction for the synthesis of alkyl alkenesulfonates from cinnamic acids, SO2 and alkyl alcohols is reported. This metal-free process employs inexpensive and readily available graphite electrodes in combination with easy-to-use stock solutions of SO2 and enables a straightforward construction of the styrene sulfonate scaffold via a decarboxylative transformation. Mechanistic studies indicate a pseudo-Kolbe type reaction. This novel reaction pathway enables a regioselective synthesis alkenesulfonates from substituted cinnamic acids without double bond translocation. Gram-scale and anolyte reusability experiments demonstrate the applicability of this process for the construction of alkenesulfonates from cinnamic acids as potential biogenic feedstock.
Ruthenium Pincer Nitrosyl Complex Salts in Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenations under Mild Conditions
Authors: Correia Jose Tiago Menezes , Pinheiro Danielle Lobo Justo , Jørgensen Mike Steffen Bernhard , Larsen Rene Wugt , Nielsen Martin
Published: October 2024

The nitrosyl ligand exhibits interesting features for catalysis, such as strong π acidity, excellent stability, and potential non innocent behavior. Pincer complexes are known to be extraordinarily stable yet tunable and catalytically highly active. However, even though pincer nitrosyl complexes could potentially open new possibilities within catalysis, they have been scarcely explored and witnessed little development within this area. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a novel family of ruthenium PNP nitrosyl complex salts (PNP = (iPr2PCH2CH2)2NH and X = Cl, BF4, BPh4 and PF6) and their use for catalytic transfer hydrogenation of a range of carbonyl compounds. For the transfer hydrogenation of ketones, an optimization study showed that all catalysts (Ru-1 to Ru-4) are highly active at 90 °C, reaching high to full conversion already within 5 minutes, a behavior that was comparable to the well-known commercially available Ru-MACHO derivative Ru-5. At 35 °C, Ru 1 (X = Cl) and Ru 2 (X = BF4) were more efficient than Ru 3 (X = BPh4) and Ru-4 (X = PF6), likely due to their higher solubility in isopropanol. Interestingly, for the transfer hydrogenation of aldehydes, higher temperatures and longer reaction times were required. Thus, Ru-1 and Ru-3 performed better with the aldehydes, leading to full conversion after 7 hours at 70 °C. Overall, a large scope of ketones and aldehydes are presented for the first time with a pincer nitrosyl catalyst. Lastly, competition studies revealed that the hydrogenation of a ketone is suppressed by the presence of an aldehyde. The data indicates two different mechanisms for aldehyde and ketone transfer hydrogenation.
Molecular composition of organic peroxides in secondary organic aerosols revealed by peroxide-iodide reactivity
Authors: Li Kangwei , Zheng Zhensen , Resch Julian , Ma Jialiang , Kalberer Markus
Published: October 2024

Organic peroxides are health-relevant organic components in secondary organic aerosols (SOA), which is also a major compound class substantially contributing to SOA mass. However, their molecular identification in SOA is highly challenging and uncertain. Iodide is known to selectively react with peroxides, and their kinetics are fundamentally determined by the structures of individual peroxides. Here we extrapolate this knowledge and develop a novel analytical strategy for molecular characterization of organic peroxides in α-pinene SOA via iodometry kinetic experiments, using liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry. Through non-targeted analysis, more than 300 organic peroxides are identified in α-pinene SOA with unprecedented accuracy of their chemical formula. Their reactivity with iodide is highly compound-dependent and can vary four orders of magnitude, within the range observed for some commercial organic peroxides with known structures. In particular, more than 65% of organic peroxides in α-pinene SOA exhibit a slow reactivity with iodide, with an e-folding lifetime exceeding one day. The structures of 12 organic peroxides derived from stabilized Criegee intermediates are further proposed and discussed based on different experimental evidences. Our study improves the molecular-level identification and understanding of organic peroxides in SOA, offering numerous opportunities for further investigation into their formation chemistry, atmospheric transformation, and health impact. Additionally, the peroxide-iodide reactivity is proposed as a new metric that can provide both information on the oxidizing capability and structure of individual organic peroxide in SOA.
Direct Nitrogen Oxidation via Pd-nanoparticle Electrocatalysis
Authors: Adeosun Samuel , Thorn Jr. Robert P. , Lin Cuikun , Kelley Mitch D. , Farooq M. Umer , Gillespie Andrew K. , Dardik Trevor , Duncan Robert V.
Published: October 2024

Palladium nanoparticles with two different ligands were used as electrocatalysts at low temperature in a hermetic, one-pot electrochemical cell with either a LiOH or LiOD electrolyte. During initial, low-pressure experiments involving palladium (Pd) nanoparticle electrocatalysts with Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) ligands an abrupt, significant pressure drop occurred in the cell headspace air from 1.59 to 0.055 bar. This astounding, repeatable, and unexplained result initiated further experimentation. Synthetic methods for Pd nanoparticle electrocatalysts with EGCG ligands and with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) ligands are described. These Pd nanoparticles are capable of simultaneously generating ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate ions. Ion chromatography was used for quantification of nitrogen-containing anions and cations in the alkaline electrolyte. The Pd nanoparticles with PVP ligands and a 5 bar 3:1 H2/N2 gas mixture resulted in a nitrate yield rate of 1.16 µg h−1 mg−1 with current applied for 132 hr. The Pd nanoparticles with PVP ligands also achieved the highest ammonium and nitrite ion yield rates at 10 bar under similar conditions while the Pd-EGCG nanoparticles achieved lower yield rates Faradaic efficiencies (FE) values. This study demonstrates that direct generation of nitrite and nitrate salts avoids the need to further process ammonia into ammonium nitrate.
Atomic View of Photosynthetic Metabolite Permeability Pathways and Confinement in Cyanobacterial Carboxysomes
Authors: Sarkar Daipayan , Maffeo Christopher , Sutter Markus , Aksimentiev Aleksei , Kerfeld Cheryl , Vermaas Josh
Published: October 2024

Carboxysomes are protein microcompartments found in cyanobacteria, whose shell encapsulates rubisco at the heart of carbon fixation in the Calvin-cycle. Carboxysomes are thought to locally concentrate CO2 in the shell interior to improve rubisco efficiency through selective metabolite permeability, creating a concentrated catalytic center. However, permeability coefficients have not previously been determined for these gases, or for Calvin-cycle intermediates such as bicarbonate (HCO3-), 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA), or ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP). Starting from a high resolution cryo-EM structure of a synthetic beta-carboxysome shell, we perform unbiased all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) to track metabolite permeability across the shell. The synthetic carboxysome shell structure, lacking the BMC trimer proteins and encapsulation peptides, is found to have similar permeability coefficients for multiple metabolites, and is not selectively permeable to HCO3- relative to CO2. To resolve how these comparable permeabilities can be reconciled with the clear role of the carboxysome in the CO2-concentrating mechanism in cyanobacteria, complementary atomic-resolution Brownian Dynamics (ARBD) simulations estimate the mean first passage time for CO2 assimilation in a crowded model carboxysome. Despite a relatively high CO2 permeability of approximately 10^-2 cm/s across the carboxysome shell, the shell proteins reflect enough CO2 back towards rubisco that 2650 CO2 molecules can be fixed by rubisco for every 1 CO2 molecule that escapes under typical conditions. The permeabilities determined from all-atom molecular simulation are key inputs into flux modeling, and the insight gained into carbon fixation can facilitate the engineering of carboxysomes and other bacterial microcompartments for multiple applications.
Effects of Germicidal Far-UVC on Indoor Air Quality in a Conference Room
Authors: Narouei Farideh , Tang Zifeng , Wang Shiqi , Hashmi Raabia , Welch David , Sethuraman Sandhya , Brenner David , McNeill V. Faye
Published: October 2024

The application of 222 nm light from KrCl excimer lamps (GUV222 or Far-UVC) is a promising approach to reduce the indoor transmission of airborne pathogens, including the SARS-CoV-2 virus. GUV222 inactivates airborne pathogens and is believed to be relatively safe for human skin and eye exposure. However, UV light initiates photochemical reactions which may negatively impact indoor air quality. We conducted a series of experiments to assess the formation of ozone (O3), and resulting formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA), induced by commercial far-UVC devices in an office environment (small conference room) with an air exchange rate of 1.3 h-1. We studied scenarios with a single far-UVC lamp, corresponding to the manufacturer’s recommendations for disinfection of a space that size, and with four far-UVC lamps, to test conditions of greater far-UVC fluence. The single lamp did not significantly impact O3 or fine particulate matter levels in the room. Consistent with previous studies in the literature, the higher far-UVC fluences lead to increases in O3 of 5 to 10 ppb above background, and minor increases in particulate matter (16% ± 10 % increase in particle number count). The use of far-UVC at minimum intensities required for disinfection, and in conjunction with adequate ventilation rates (e.g. ANSI/ASHRAE recommendations), may allow the reduction of airborne pathogen levels while minimizing the formation of air pollutants in furnished indoor environments.
STUDY ON THE ROLE OF SURFACE EMG BASED SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE COMBINED WITH PRESSING KNEADING IN THE EXERCISE FATIGUE OF SOCCER PLAYERS
Authors: Zhang Bin , Cao Lei
Published: October 2024

In the present study, the author researched on the role of surface EMG based superoxide dismutase combined with pressing kneading in the exercise fatigue of soccer players. To observe the therapeutic effect of pressing and kneading manipulations for exercise fatigue of the anterior tibia muscle, sixty healthy subjects were randomly divided into two groups, 30 in each group. The test training was employed to induce left anterior tibia muscle fatigue. After this, subjects in the observation group received 5 min of tuna treatment, while subjects in the control group just lay down for 5 min. Then the integral EMG electricity, maximum amplitude, mean frequency and slope of the anterior tibia muscle and gastrocnemius muscle were measured using a surface electromyography (EMG) during the passive movements of the ankle joints in two groups. Rest and superoxide dismutase can both improve muscle fatigue. Superoxide dismutase can obtain a better effect within the same time frame.
EXERCISE BEHAVIOR AND PHYSICAL FITNESS OF WORKING GRADUATE STUDENTS: EVIDENCE FROM THE PHILIPPINES
Authors: MAEM Ricardo G. Santiago,
Published: October 2024

Most working students have to balance their time for their family, work, and studies. The aim of this paper is to determine the exercise behavior and physical fitness of working graduate students. The objective is to be able to relate their exercise behavior with their physical fitness. Forty (40) students of a college in Metro Manila were purposely selected for this study. Students belong to two (2) MBA classes. All were working students at the time of the tests. Exercise behavior was limited to frequency, duration and intensity of the exercises. Medical physical fitness tests and standards from the Department of Education (DepEd) were used to gauge the fitness of the students. Medical fitness tests identified by DepEd are: body mass index (BMI), Flexibility Tests: Zipper and Sit-and-Reach, Cardio vascular 3-minutes step test, and strength test, push-up and curl-up tests. Quantitative descriptive research was used. Mean was used to determine the percentage of the exercise behaviors and the physical fitness of the students. Chi-square was used to test the relationship between the exercise behavior and results of the physical fitness tests of the students. Under behavior, results show that majority of the students (75%) exercise once to 3 times a week from 75 to 300 minutes. The intensity of their exercises is moderate. Physical fitness tests show that 42.5% of the students have normal body mass index. Majority passed their flexibility, cardiovascular and strength tests, Chi-square results show that: There is significant relationship between exercise duration and the physical fitness curl-up test. There is significant relationship between the intensity of the exercises and the physical fitness curl-up test. All other physical fitness tests show no significant relationship to frequency, duration and intensity of the exercises. School Management are encouraged to conduct physical fitness tests every year to track students’ physical fitness. Results will help in initiating plans to improve students’ exercise behaviors.
PHYSICAL FITNESS AND HYPERTENSION RISK AMONG COMMUNITY DWELLING MIDDLE AGED AND OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Zhao Yanyan , Wang Hongzhao , Zhang Jing , Guan Peipei , Chen Yunfeng
Published: October 2024

To explore the association of hypertension with health-related fitness among middle aged and elderly people by measuring blood pressure and health-related fitness indicators. The cross sectional study was conducted by using convenience sampling. The 4370 middle aged and elderly people took part in annual physical examination report of community-dwelling residents. Face-to-face interview was performed to obtain basic information. Health-related fitness was evaluated based on Annual National Physical Health Monitoring. Hypertension was diagnosed by annual physical examination report. Mann-Whitney U Test, Chi square Test and binary logistic regression model were used to analyzed the evaluating results. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 35.5% and 31.1% for male and female, respectively. In all groups, BMI and RHR had significant effects on the prevalence of hypertension for both male and female, before and after adjusting for demographic characteristics. Hypertension in the elderly is associated with physical fitness declining, while in the middle-aged is not. Increased BMI and RHR are always risking factors for hypertension. Significant positive associations were detected between the HGS and the incident risk of hypertension among the middle aged.
Modeling of basic image-lossy compression procedures using transformation coding methods, as an example
Authors: Kuznetsova Kateryna , Kuznetsova Yelyzaveta , Malakhov Serhii
Published: October 2024

Using the set of transformation coding methods as the ground to synthesize of universal video compression algorithms is based on using the features of the human visual system: - exposure time; - observation distance; - the value of the interframe difference; - dimension and ratio of main observed objects; - type of images, etc. Transform coding allows transiting from spatial to spectral representation of the processed images and provides ample opportunities for their subsequent compression and/or steganographic processing. The main component of the research algorithm is the discrete cosine transform (DCT). It is universal for almost all types of images. DCT provides a good ability to concentrate most of the relevant information in a smaller (compared to other transformations) number of coefficients. This DCT property creates good initial conditions for all the following image compression procedures. By influencing the spectral representation of the processed images, it is possible to balance between the reproduction quality and the degree of compression of the original image, and by influencing the size of the sub-blocks and the parameters of their preprocessing, it is possible to reduce the total time of operations proceed. When using transform coding methods, the main parameters affecting the efficiency of the compression process are: - the used size of the sub-blocks into which the original image is divided; - the method of selecting significant coefficients; - the used principle of quantizing important coefficients. The size of the sub-blocks is decisive, since the number of such blocks and the total computation time for each element of the DCT matrices depend on it. An important step is the rounding process of the values obtained after DCT. The study uses a coarsening factor for this. The procedure for normalizing matrix elements is implemented by dividing the DCT values by a given coarsening constant, followed by rounding the result to the integer numbers. The aim of the work is to simulate the main steps of the compression of static images and study the influence of the main coding parameters on the qualitative and temporal characteristics of the reproduced images (processing time, computational complexity, reproduction quality, distortion characteristics, etc.).
“WANTING TO DEVOTE MYSELF TO SERVICE IN THE KALMYK STEPPE”: ABOUT THE ULUS TRUSTEE SALIM-GIREY NURALIKHANOV
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Lidzhieva Irina
Published: October 2024

At the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries. The Kalmyk steppe retained the status of a special territory within the Astrakhan province, which was expressed in a management system built taking into account the nomadic life of the autochthonous population, with the preservation of certain elements of self-government. Throughout the 19th century, foreign administration experienced a shortage of officials capable of not only adapting to the conditions of the steppe, but also building a system of communication with the local population. The solution to the problem could be graduates of educational institutions who are representatives of the nomadic foreign population and who have expressed a desire to enter the civil service. One of them is the Sultan of the Inner Kyrgyz Horde of S.-G. Z. Nuralikhanov, who, despite financial difficulties, was able to get an education and enter the service. Within the framework of this article, from the standpoint of socio-cultural anthropology, his-torical elitology and imagology, based on the analysis of office documentation and formal service lists, a study of his life path was conducted. In conclusion, it was concluded that, despite his short period of service in the Kalmyk steppe, Nuralikhanov was the only representative of the foreign population of the empire as part of the guardianship corps of the Administration of the Kalmyk people of the As-trakhan province.
THE HISTORY OF THE STUDY OF NUMISMATICS OF THE ALMATY REGION (6th -18th CENTURIES)
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Kazmadiyarova Inkar , Akymbek Yeral
Published: October 2024

This article examines the history of the study of coins found in the city and region of Almaty. The purpose of the article is to introduce scientific data and determine the prospects for the development of numismatic research in the field of monetary circulation in Almaty and the region. Based on the stated goal, the following research tasks have been identified: collecting materials on numismatics in Almaty and the Almaty region, analyzing, and systematizing the materials. In the course of the research, three groups of basic studies were considered – primary, field studies of numismatic material, scientific litera-ture of a monographic nature, which contains materials on numismatic material and scientific articles. The research available in Kazakhstani science on numismatic materials of Almaty and Almaty region has been studied and analyzed. The works reflecting the history of the study of numismatics in the context of Almaty and the region of different time periods are studied in detail. The historiographical analysis of sci-entific works on numismatic materials allowed us to determine the breadth of numismatic problems on which the works are based. Their possibilities and prospects for reproducing the picture of the history of the study of numismatics in Almaty and the Almaty region are determined. The main part of the research consists of work on archaeological materials with the inclusion of data on the study of individual coins and coin hoards. In particular, we can note that the coins found on the territory of Almaty have a more or less sufficient historiographical base compared to the coins found on the territory of the Almaty region. And it should be noted that there is no information about the location of most of the coins found. In turn, the lack of scientific fixation of coins negatively affects the peculiarity and trend of the development of the political and economic system of the state.
A Gendered Approach to Sectarianism: Assessing Gender-responsive Legislation in Sectarian-based Consociational Systems
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University -- Chouran Beirut, Bousleiman Joanna
Published: October 2024

Women's civil society and non-governmental organizations in Lebanon constantly advocate for the enactment of gender-responsive legislations, specifically those pertaining to personal status, gender quota, and nationality laws, claiming that the enactment of these legislations ensure political inclusion, rights, and gender equality. However, achieving gender equality appears to go beyond legislation and the legal framework while being faced with various impediments and barriers on the political, societal, and cultural levels that this thesis aims to explore. Gender-responsive legislations proved to be effective in European consociational systems such as in Switzerland and Belgium, where women reached a significant level of substantial equality. However, European consociationalism is based on ethnic and linguistic cleavages rather than religious divisions. Meanwhile, the enactment of gender-responsive legislations in Iraq’s sectarian-based consociational system did not lead to substantial improvement in women’s social and political standing. Hence, this study aspires to reveal why consociationalism succeeded in the effective empowering of gender legislations in the classic European consociations but not in Iraq. Is the problem with the primordial religious identities and laws that fundamentally discriminate against women or is it that political arrangement that should be blamed? Moreover, this thesis endeavors to investigate the extent to which the enactment of gender-responsive legislations in Lebanon’s sectarian-based consociational system can effectively advance women’s rights, and thus infer what is the way forward to substantially improve gender equality in a sectarian context. To offer such an assessment, this study comparatively reflects on the experience of gender-responsive legislations in the secular consociations of Switzerland and Belgium and the sectarian consociation of Iraq.
El renacimiento y re-existencia de lo analógico en la era digital. Percepción, aprendizaje e interacción como reflexión
Authors: Pérez-Velasco Andrés Felipe
Published: October 2024

En el presente artículo, se expresa que existen muy pocos documentos académicos que apuesten por las nuevas y complejas relaciones entre lo analógico y digital en siglo XXI. Se planteó primeramente el abordar las mediaciones analógicas y digitales frente a la percepción-aprendizaje-interacción en las prácticas cotidianas, y segundo, la revalorización y reinvención de lo analógico en el contexto actual. Se empleó la metodología desde la revisión documental de tipo cualitativo. Como resultado se obtuvieron que las mediaciones analógicas son muy superiores para desarrollar la percepción, el aprendizaje e interacción dentro del desarrollo humano. Por otro lado, se descubrió que están emergiendo nuevas apuestas en el siglo XXI que ponen en tensión lo analógico-digital, no solo en las formas expresivas, sino también en prácticas contemporáneas inéditas que se están tejiendo en las relaciones socio-culturales cotidianas, que se crean como praxis consciente, que se desbordan creativamente de la homogenización digital.
Sweden surpasses the UNAIDS 95-95-95 target: estimating HIV-1 incidence, 2003 to 2022
Authors: Lundgren Erik , Locke Macauley , Romero-Severson Ethan , Dimitrijevic Mira , Axelsson Maria , Andersson Emmi , Carlander Christina , Brännström Johanna , Norrgren Hans , Mansson Fredrik , Elvstam Olof , Gisslén Magnus , Fohlin Lisa , Sönnerborg Anders , Albert Jan , Leitner Thomas
Published: October 2024

Background

Sweden reached the UNAIDS 90–90–90 target in 2015. It is important to reassess the HIV epidemiological situation due to ever-changing migration patterns, the roll-out of PrEP and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aim

We aimed to assess the progress towards the UNAIDS 95–95–95 targets in Sweden by estimating the proportion of undiagnosed people with HIV (PWHIV) and HIV incidence trends.

Methods

We used routine laboratory data to inform a biomarker model of time since infection. When available, we used previous negative test dates, arrival dates for PWHIV from abroad and transmission modes to inform our incidence model. We also used data collected from the Swedish InfCareHIV register on antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Results

The yearly incidence of HIV in Sweden decreased after 2014. In part, this was because the fraction of undiagnosed PWHIV had decreased almost twofold since 2006. After 2015, three of four PWHIV in Sweden were diagnosed within 1.9 and 3.2 years after infection among men who have sex with men and in heterosexual groups, respectively. While 80% of new PWHIV in Sweden acquired HIV before immigration, they make up 50% of the current PWHIV in Sweden. By 2022, 96% of all PWHIV in Sweden had been diagnosed, and 99% of them were on ART, with 98% virally suppressed.

Conclusions

By 2022, about half of all PWHIV in Sweden acquired HIV abroad. Using our new biomarker model, we assess that Sweden has reached the UNAIDS goal at 96–99–98.
REVISITING THE THEORIES OF PUNISHMENT: PERSPECTIVE ON SANCTIONS AND INDIAN PHILOSOPHICAL FRAMEWORK
Authors: Singha Sukanya , Arora Insia
Published: October 2024

The intersection of criminal sanctions and Indian philosophical frameworks reveals how ancient legal concepts have evolved to meet modern justice needs. India's criminal justice system has long been shaped by its philosophical and religious traditions, particularly the ideas of Dharma and Danda. This analysis traces the evolution of criminal sanctions from ancient punitive systems to modern legal standards, showing how India has balanced its legal heritage with contemporary justice principles. The exploration highlights the dynamic relationship between tradition and innovation in shaping India's current legal system.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE PERFORMING ARTS INDUSTRY ON LOCAL COMMUNITIES IN URBAN AND RURAL SETTINGS: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY
Authors: Sreeanandan  , Roshni P R  , Baranipriya A
Published: October 2024

The performing arts industry in India significantly contributes to local economies through job creation, tourism revenue, and local business growth. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the economic impact of the performing arts in urban and rural areas, focusing on two key objectives: evaluating the economic contributions of the performing arts to urban and rural communities, and analyzing the differences in economic outcomes due to varying levels of infrastructure, investment, and audience participation. The analysis reveals that urban areas, with their superior infrastructure, higher investment levels, and diverse audiences, generate substantial economic benefits through large-scale events and festivals. These events create employment, drive tourism, and foster business growth. In contrast, rural areas, while benefiting from traditional and folk performances, face challenges such as limited infrastructure and financial constraints. However, rural arts festivals and cultural tourism initiatives have shown potential in stimulating local economies, especially in underdeveloped regions. The study highlights the need for targeted investment and policy interventions to bridge the urban-rural divide and promote equitable economic development through the performing arts. Digital platforms and government initiatives like “Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat” are identified as key opportunities to enhance the economic contributions of the performing arts in rural India.
HETEROTOPIA IN TASTE: A STUDY OF RUKMINI SRINIVAS’S TIFFIN AND SHOBHA NARAYAN’S MONSOON DIARY
Authors: Babu Jeremy Jain , George Jinu
Published: October 2024

Rukmini Srinivas’s Tiffin Memories and Recipes of Indian Vegetarian Food and Shobha Narayan’s Monsoon Diary: A Memoir with Recipes are cookbook memoirs that present the author's close association with food while in their home country and abroad. Shobha Narayan and Rukmini Srinivas state that they have difficult encounters with food while visiting a foreign country. They recollect their taste memory from childhood, through their cookbook memoirs by incorporating their favourite recipes in them. The challenging scenario with food in the transnational space as an Indian diaspora in the United States of America has made them discuss it along with their own solutions. The transnational space of the immigrants in a foreign land can be observed as a heterotopia where the diaspora resides in a state of crisis, especially in association with the food that they consume due to the different cuisines to which they have to adapt.
Editorial
Authors: Pellegrini Nahn Junior Edilbert , Laurentino da Silva Valmir , Louvain de Souza Thais
Published: October 2024

Prezados leitores e participantes da XVII Semana Científica da Faculdade de Medicina de Campos, IV Mostra de Extensão e IV Semana de Egressos. É com imensa satisfação e orgulho que apresentamos os Anais deste evento, realizado de 15 a 17 de agosto de 2024, em Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ. Nosso tema central, “Saúde Digital para a Transformação e Interiorização do SUS”, orientou ricas discussões e reflexões que, sem dúvida, ampliaram nosso entendimento sobre o papel da saúde digital no fortalecimento do Sistema Único de Saúde, especialmente em áreas mais afastadas dos grandes centros urbanos. Ao longo dos três dias, promovemos um ambiente de troca de conhecimento e experiências. A programação incluiu palestras, mesas-redondas e oficinas, proporcionando momentos de interação entre a comunidade acadêmica local e pesquisadores de várias partes do Brasil, além de palestrantes convidados de Portugal, Estados Unidos, Canadá e Inglaterra. A presença de mais de 1000 participantes confirma a relevância e o sucesso deste encontro, que permitiu uma frutífera integração e colaboração entre acadêmicos e profissionais. Foram apresentados 71 trabalhos científicos, criteriosamente avaliados por especialistas e bolsista de produtividade do CNPq. Os trabalhos foram apresentados nas modalidades oral e pôster, e divididos em três categorias: Trabalho Original (39 resumos), Relato de Caso (19 resumos) e Trabalhos de projetos de extensão (13 resumos). Esses trabalhos refletem o comprometimento e a qualidade da pesquisa científica realizada pelos autores. É motivo de grande orgulho termos recebido pesquisadores de renome, provenientes de várias regiões, como São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Espírito Santo e outras áreas do estado do Rio de Janeiro, que enriqueceram nossas discussões e contribuíram para o aprofundamento dos temas abordados. Agradecemos, a todos os participantes pelo engajamento e entusiasmo, aos autores por compartilharem seus trabalhos, e aos avaliadores pela dedicação e competência na análise dos trabalhos submetidos. Juntos, contribuímos para uma semana de aprendizado e de troca de experiências que, esperamos, impactará positivamente o futuro da saúde digital no SUS na nossa região.
Busca ativa de hipertensos e diabéticos na rede pública de ensino
Authors: Cardoso Sales Murilo , Aparecida de Castro Palermo Thaís , Peixoto Assed Beatriz , Pereira Neto Édio , Albertini Pereira Gomes Micaela
Published: October 2024

A Hipertensão Arterial e o Diabetes Mellitus estão entre as doenças crônicas mais comuns no mundo, impactando aproximadamente 9,3% da população. No Brasil, a prevalência de Hipertensão Arterial entre os adultos acima de 18 anos é de 25,7%, enquanto a de Diabetes Mellitus é de 8,9%. Dentre os fatores que impulsionam o aumento da prevalência desses agravos está o consumo alimentar inadequado, a inatividade física, o tabagismo e o consumo nocivo de bebidas alcóolicas. Desse modo, este projeto de extensão curricular buscou identificar e atender hipertensos e diabéticos, promovendo a conscientização sobre a saúde de professores e funcionários da rede pública. Inicialmente, ocorreu uma discussão sobre o conteúdo teórico e prático. Em seguida, os discentes foram organizados em grupos para atuar nas escolas municipais. A ação ocorreu pela manhã e, durante o atendimento, os participantes foram instruídos sobre a importância de cuidar da saúde individual e coletiva. Quando necessário, foram orientados a procurar as unidades de pronto atendimento da instituição. Os dados coletados incluíram informações como nome, idade, bairro, sexo, profissão, escolaridade, prática de atividade física, lazer, consumo de bebida alcoólica e tabagismo. Foram verificados o peso e a altura para o cálculo do índice de massa corporal, a circunferência abdominal, a pressão arterial e a glicemia capilar. O projeto de extensão possibilitou a detecção precoce e o monitoramento de doenças crônicas, fortalecendo os laços sociais por meio da colaboração entre a instituição e a comunidade, melhorando a qualidade de vida local. Essas iniciativas proporcionaram aos estudantes o desenvolvimento de habilidades clínicas, de comunicação e uma compreensão profunda das realidades socioeconômicas. Conclui-se que o projeto de extensão trouxe benefícios mútuos visto que promoveu a melhoraria da qualidade de vida da população, contribuindo para a redução da carga dessas doenças no sistema de saúde e estimulou o compromisso social e ético dos discentes.