bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiographic method for assessing the quality of sugar beet seeds
Authors: Potrakhov N.N. , Podvigina O.A. , Staroverov N.E. , Potrakhov Yu.N.
Published: November 2021

Currently, sugar beet is the main source of sugar in the Russian Federation. The use in modern production of intensive technologies for the cultivation of sugar beets, the main requirement of which is sowing seeds to the final density, entails the improvement and development of methods for pre-sowing preparation of seed material with high sowing qualities - laboratory germination not lower than 90-95%, single germination - 97-99 %, high germination energy and resistance to pathogens. Therefore, the problem of improving the quality of seeds is one of the most important tasks of crop production. The traditional assessment of the sowing qualities of selected seed samples is carried out according to standard methods in laboratory conditions, and further studies of this material become impossible. An alternative method for studying the qualitative characteristics of seeds is the non-destructive method of microfocus X-ray, which makes it possible to identify various anomalies in seed development and to study the relationship between the features of hidden structural defects of seeds and their biological properties. The uniqueness of the method lies in the fact that the biological and economic significance of defects and developmental anomalies can be identified from X-ray images of captured seeds with subsequent study and comparison with the results of plant growth and development. The purpose of the performed studies was the development of a promising X-ray technique for assessing the quality of sugar beet seeds. As a result of many years of joint research of the employees of the «Russian Scientific research institute of sugar beet and sugar» and Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI", X-ray signs were determined, which made it possible to assess their viability by the image of seeds. All radiographic signs were conventionally divided into positive and negative. Positive traits characterize the structure of normally fulfilled viable seeds, negative ones indicate the presence of developmental defects.
Nucleation, first growth stages and structure of nano-sized polymer coatings deposited from active gas phase
Authors: Rogachev A.A.
Published: November 2021

This paper presents an analysis of the structural-morphological, kinetic patterns of the initial growth stages of single-component and composite (polymer-polymer and metal-polymer) nanoscale coatings based on the products of electron-beam dispersion of polymers. The main features of the deposition processes from the active gas phase occurring on the substrate surface and the established size dependences of the structure and molecular composition are explained on the basis of the adsorption-polymerization mechanism for the formation of coatings. It was established that among the most important features of the deposition process from the active gas phase is the simultaneous flow of polymerization and structure formation of adsorbed molecular fragments of the polymer under the conditions of exposure of the active components of the plasma, dispersive filler, and the substrate surface. This feature has a decisive influence on the nucleation of polymer particles, the molecular structure and morphology of nanoscale layers, as well as the dependence of their properties on thickness. Using the PTFE and PE coatings, it was shown that the orientation and ordering of the formed layers changes during the coating growth: at the initial stages of deposition in the layer up to 150 nm, the molecules are oriented predominantly parallel, and in thicker layers due to the bulk structure formation perpendicularly substrate surface. When deposited on the surface subjected to plasma treatment, the growth rate of the formed coating at the initial stages of growth increases by more than 5 times. At the same time, such layers contain predominantly linear molecules with a relatively lower molecular weight. The introduction of micro-and nanoscale polymer coatings in the process of their growth of the formed silver or copper nanoclusters leads to the formation of highly oriented, continuous, highly dispersed layers already at the initial stages of growth. The orientation of the macromolecules of the matrix with the maintenance of Ag or Cu nanoclusters in it has parameters characteristic of single-component coatings. In PTFE+Mo coatings, a linear dependence of molecular orientation on the layer thickness appears. In composite coatings containing silver nanoclusters, the effect of selective plasmon absorption was established.
Conjugate Direction Particle Swarm Optimization Based Approach to Determine Kinetic Parameters from Part of Adiabatic Data
Authors:   Department of Safety Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China, Zhao Xiao-Qiao , Wang Hao ,   Jiaxing Tellhow Equipment Technology Co., Ltd, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314006, China, Wu Wen-Qian ,   Department of Safety Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China, Chen Wang-Hua ,   Department of Safety Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
Published: November 2021

Due to the limited detection range of the adiabatic equipment, it is difficult to get complete experimental curve of some materials and calculate the kinetic parameters. In this work, the conjugate direction particle swarm optimization (CDPSO) approach, as a global stochastic optimization algorithm, is proposed to estimate the kinetic parameters and complete experimental curve from part of adiabatic calorimetric data. This algorithm combines the conjugate direction algorithm (CD) which has the ability to escape from the local extremum and the global optimization ability of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) which finds the globally optimal solutions. One case was used to verify this method: 20% DTBP in toluene decompositions under adiabatic conditions. Comparing the experimental and calculated complete temperature curve, the accuracy of the fitted kinetic parameters calculated by no less than 70% temperature rise rate proportion of data is verified. The value of TD24 is well-deviated even used 10% proportion of data. The case reasonably proves the effectiveness of CDPSO algorithm in the estimation of kinetic parameters from part of adiabatic data.
Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Car Dust from Thailand and Implications for Human Exposure
Authors:   the National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Thialand, Kanchanapiya Premrudee , Nilyok Benjawan ,   Sirindhon International Institute of Technology, Thaialand, Songngam Supachai ,   National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Thialand, Olapiriyakul Sun ,   Sirindhon International Institute of Technology, Thaialand
Published: November 2021

Organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) are a group of compounds frequently detected in indoor dust that pose high health risks to exposure subjects. The present study reports on the investigation of the levels and profiles of seven target PFRs in car dust samples from Thailand. The samples were collected from the discarded air conditioning (AC) filter of 14 private cars (called AC dust samples) and from the bag filter installed in vacuum cleaners of 10 car washing services (called settled dust samples) in 2019. The concentrations of 7PFRs in AC dust samples were approximately 3,800-91,000 ng/g, whereas those from settled dust samples were about 11,000 to 15,000 ng/g. Tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) was found to be the most prominent of PFRs detected in both types of car dust with the highest concentration of 39,000 ng/g for AC filter dust and 10,000 ng/g for settled dust. The main PFR contributors in both dust types were TBEP (80%, 75%), followed by Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) (9%, 5%) and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TCPP) (7%, 4%), respectively. Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TCEP) and tri cresyl phosphate (TCP) were not detected in both types of car dust and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) was found only in settled dust samples. According to the results of exposure assessment to PFRs in car dust, the human exposures via ingestion for adults and toddlers ranged from 1.69×10-2 to 2.67 and 10.6 to 2,360 ng/kg/day. The human exposures via inhalation for adults and toddlers ranged from 3.27×10-4 to 5.17x10-2 and 2.58×10-1 to 40.9 ng/kg/day. The highest exposure among PFRs corresponded to TBEP for both adults and toddlers and the risk through ingestion was higher than inhalation intake. Toddlers were more exposed to PFR contaminants in comparison to adults. When comparing the estimated average daily intake (ADI) values with the reference doses (RfDs) for PFRs, it was found that exposure to PFRs in car cabins via inhalation and dust ingestion is unlikely to have adverse human health effects.
La mujer, protagonista del teatro español del Siglo de Oro
Authors: González Cañal Rafael
Published: November 2021

XLIII Jornadas de teatro clásico
Inocente y calumniada. Lucinda perseguida y otras damas lopescas
Authors: Borrego Esther
Published: November 2021

La dama agraviada, deshonrada, dolida, burlada o víctima de un código de honor que la subyuga y condena, es uno de los núcleos argumentales más frecuentes en las tramas de nuestras comedias áureas, sobre el que se han escrito cientos de páginas. Sin embargo, si focalizamos la condición de víctima de la mujer a causa de una «persecución» provocada por una injusta «calumnia», y si esa mujer es «perseguida» por el entorno de su galán (marido, amante, pretendiente), la crítica se reduce notablemente.
Inés de Castro y la teoría del chivo expiatorio
Authors:   Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, González Martínez Javier J.
Published: November 2021

El personaje Inés de Castro merece un lugar de honor entre los dramatizados por el teatro español del Siglo de Oro, pues su intervención en "Reinar después de morir", de Luis Vélez de Guevara, ha quedado como paradigmática de un mito francamente fecundo. A partir de la observación del mito a la luz de la teoría filosófico-literaria del chivo expiatorio de René Girard, se explica el fenómeno de Inés de Castro y su pervivencia a lo largo del tiempo y en diversidad de espacios culturales.
A távolsági ingázás néhány demográfiai sajátossága
Authors: Balcsók István
Published: November 2021

The study aims to show the most important demographic characteristics of long-termcommuting workers and the emerging territorial disparities using the latest available statistics.The main motivation for commuting, including long commuting, is still to get the job they deemappropriate, but about a quarter of a million people take on much greater burdens than averageand only travel home weekly or less frequently in Hungary. Most of them make this decision byforce, as there are no job opportunities in their place of residence, but the income they provide isvery important for their families. Long-term commuters mostly do seasonal work (construction,catering, etc.) and work in physical jobs. Unsurprisingly, men are more likely to take on the lifeform with increased physical and psychological strain, but not only the heads of the family intheir forties, but also young people in their 20s who are not yet independent of their familiesare represented in large numbers. Long commuting is characterised by marked territorialinequalities, and those affected mainly start from villages, despite the fact that the high level of public employment in the most disadvantaged areas is affecting the direction of the stay of theworkforce.
MADRASAH QUALITY CULTURE DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS AT MA MA'ARIF NU 1 KEMRANJEN BANYUMAS INDONESIA
Authors: Ernawati  , Abdul Basit
Published: November 2021

This research was conducted to determine the characteristics and management patterns of the quality development of madrasa culture in Madrasah Aliyah Ma'arif NU 1 Sirau  Kemranjen Banyumas Indonesia. This study uses a mixed approach (qualitative-quantitative), but is categorized as a case study because it cannot be generalized. The object of the research is the madrasa culture at Madrasah Aliyah Ma'arif NU 1 Sirau  Kemranjen Banyumas holistically covering all madrasa residents and their interactions. The research data were collected by means of observation, questionnaires and documentation. The results show that, first,  the characteristics of the madrasa culture consist of a madrasa atmosphere, a culture of cooperation, a culture of discipline, a culture of reading, a clean culture, physically and mentally healthy, a culture of religious, polite and civilized behavior in a positive condition. Second, Madrasah development management is carried out in such a way as to produce better character changes. Keywords: Madrasa culture, management, characteristics.
An Inference System for Classifying Oil Palm Fungal Diseases
Authors: Olajide Olajide Blessing , Olufemi Ayodeji Odeniyi , Olatunji Coker Olabiyi , Munu Stephen , Yakubu Yakubani
Published: November 2021

The oil palm plant is one of the major important cash crops of the Nigerian economy and a significant contributor to the world market for vegetable oils. Unfortunately, infection with fungi has caused a decline in the productivity of oil palms and subsequently the palm oil industry. Hence the need to detect oil palm plant disease earlier before it affects it informed this research to develop a fuzzy inference model to predict the influence of fungal disease on the oil plant plant. Following extensive review of related works, the factors associated with the severity of fungal diseases in the oil palm plant were identified following validation by Botanist. Fuzzy triangular membership functions were used to formulate the input factors identified alongside the target variables for identifying the severity of fungal diseases affecting the oil palm plant. The rule base was formulated using IF-THEN statements to combine the values of the input factors with the respective values of the target severity of oil palm plant disease. The classification model for oil palm plant disease severity was simulated using the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox available in the MATLAB R2015b Software. The results showed that the developed inference system for oil palm plant was capable of classifying and predicting the degree of the fungal disease infection into four groups; no severity, low severity, moderate severity and high severity.
Association between Students’ Self-Efficacy and Achievement in Electrochemistry When Taught using Software-Oriented Concept Mapping
Authors: Masinde Joseph
Published: November 2021

This study determined the association between Kenyan students’ self-efficacy and their achievement in electrochemistry when taught using taught using Software-Oriented Concept Mapping in comparison to the Conventional Instructional Approaches. The study was based on David Ausubel’s Meaningful Learning Theory, and was executed via the Quasi-experimental research design, using non-randomized pretest-posttest control group model. A sample of 400 students and 10 chemistry teachers was selected by multi-stage sampling procedure, through a combination of purposive, proportionate stratified and simple random sampling techniques. The study was piloted two weeks to the actual study, in two secondary schools within Kakamega County. A close-ended questionnaire and a standardized achievement test were used to collect the study’s raw data. Both research instruments were assessed for their validaty using the Rasch Model, and reliability using the internal consistency alpha coefficients method. The study’s null hypothesis was tested inferentially at the 0.05 alpha level of statistical significance, using Bivariate Pearson’s Correlation. Findings revealed a weak but significant positive association between students’ posttest self-efficacy and achievement scores [r=.228, p<.001 at α=.05]. These findings have important instructional implications in the field of Chemistry education.
Cine-Foro como estrategia Didáctica para el desarrollo del Pensamiento Crítico
Authors: Mejia Vargas Jhon Fredy , Pineda Infante Angie Stefanny
Published: November 2021

El siguiente artículo muestra los resultados parciales de una investigación que se ha propuesto verificar los efectos del Cine-Foro como estrategia didáctica para el desarrollo de habilidades de Pensamiento Crítico en una población de estudiantes de Sexto grado. Se ha tomado la Investigación Acción como la metodología más adecuada a los requerimientos de la investigación, el enfoque metodológico es mixto con énfasis en lo cualitativo. Se trabajó el concepto de Pensamiento Crítico desde la postura intelectual de Richard Paul y & Elder (2003). Desde este punto de vista el pensamiento crítico se compone de ocho elementos, a saber: Propósito, Problema, Información, Concepto, Supuestos, Inferencias, Consecuencias y Puntos de vista. Los instrumentos utilizados para la recolección de la información fueron, en primer lugar, la prueba Watson y Glaser, una prueba diagnóstica (50 preguntas). Después se implementó la estrategia del Cine-Foro (Cañizalez & Pulido, 2015) dividido en tres ciclos de películas, cada ciclo se evaluó con un cuestionario de 8 preguntas y un taller de 24 preguntas, los dos instrumentos evalúan los elementos del pensamiento por medio de estándares intelectuales. Aquí se presentan los resultados de la prueba diagnóstica, del cuestionario #1 y del taller #1, correspondientes al primer ciclo. Al comparar estos datos  se pudo corroborar el éxito parcial de la intervención.
TEORIJA KONEKTIVIZMA U OBRAZOVANJU
Authors: Bosanac Maja M. , Milutinović Jovana J.
Published: November 2021

Sve veće prodiranje tehnologije u proces obrazovanja rezultiralo je aktuelizovanjem sintagme o pedagogiji usmerenoj ka tehnologiji u okviru promišljanja o učenju za digitalno doba. U tom kontekstu, cilj rada jeste da se analizira konektivizam koji se definiše kao teorija učenja za digitalno doba u okviru onlajn učenja. Ovaj cilj konkretizovan je na sledeće zadatke: predstavljenje i analiziranje osnovnih postavki konektivizma kao potencijalne nove teorije učenja i dovođenje u vezu tih postavki s idejema učenja Ivana Iliča u okviru teorija deškolovanja, istraživanje relacija između konektivizma i drugih teorija učenja (biheviorizam, kognitivizam i konstruktivizam) i razmatranje kritika upućenih konektivizmu. Na osnovu analizirane literature izvode se zaključci o mogućnostima primene i aktuelizovanja teorije konektivizma u obrazovanju.
bacharéis e a tortura
Authors: Alves Falcão Lara Maria , De Amorim Ratton Jr José Luiz
Published: November 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar e problematizar percepções de operadores do Sistema de Justiça sobre a tortura policial. O material empírico que o subsidia foi coletado a partir de trinta e sete entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com juízes, promotores e defensores públicos que atuam na área criminal em Pernambuco. Os dados indicam que, para os entrevistados, a Polícia Militar, especialmente seus batalhões especializados, é a organização que protagoniza a prática de tortura, que aconteceria durante ou como desdobramento da atividade de policiamento na rua. A conexão entre as prisões por tráfico e os impactos da transferência de funções investigativas da Polícia Civil para a Polícia Militar para as dinâmicas da tortura são discutidos. Serão ainda apresentadas as hipóteses de que, para parte dos bacharéis ouvidos nesta pesquisa, a tortura seria um crime de oportunidade e haveria uma relação entre classe social e o ato de torturar. O estudo das percepções dos profissionais jurídicos permite entender como aqueles que decidem as implicações jurídicas da violência policial compreendem o fenômeno, chamando a atenção dos cientistas sociais sobre a possibilidade de atualização das dinâmicas organizacionais da tortura policial.
EL USO DE LA INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL EN LOS TRIBUNALES BRASILEÑOS PARA DIRECCIÓN DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS MEDIOAMBIENTALES EN LA AMAZONIA
Authors: Santana Ágatha Gonçalves , Teixeira Carla Noura , Moura Junior João Valério de
Published: November 2021

Este trabajo aborda las reflexiones que se han producido a partir de la cuarta revolución industrial dentro del Poder Judicial brasileño, esencialmente a partir del uso de la inteligencia artificial y sus posibilidades, mediante el uso de datos sensibles extraídos por sistemas algorítmicos programados a partir de las acciones propuestas y catalogadas en los Tribunales del país en el contexto de las políticas ambientales. El problema se centra en qué impactos puede presentar este cambio y cómo se pueden obtener mejoras en la comunicación y estructuración de datos sensibles para la dirección pontual de las políticas medioambientales y el desarrollo de un Estado sostenible. El objetivo es demostrar que el uso de estas nuevas tecnologías puede acelerar los estudios y tener un mayor índice de precisión, ahorrando tiempo y capital, además de mejorar la praxis. La metodología predominante trata de la investigación teórica de carácter básico, con objetivos exploratorios de naturaleza cualitativa, dentro del análisis del procedimiento documental, utilizando predominantemente la lógica deductiva al analizar la viabilidad y los impactos estructurales de la inteligencia artificial en las políticas ambientales a partir de los datos de las demandas. Se concluye con la observación de una viabilidad de desarrollo de políticas públicas ambientales para el Amazonas a partir de los datos sensitivos obtenidos a través del análisis de las acciones ajenas relativas a los daños e impactos ambientales, seleccionadas a través de los algoritmos programados sobre el sistema del Proceso Judicial Eletrônico.
ANÁLISE DA LEI N°. 13.344/2016: OS MECANISMOS DE REPRESSÃO E PROTEÇÃO DAS MULHERES VÍTIMAS DE TRÁFICO INTERNACIONAL PARA FINS DE EXPLORAÇÃO SEXUAL
Authors: Reichert Alexandra Dos Santos , Régis Jonathan Cardoso
Published: November 2021

O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de analisar a eficácia da Lei nº. 13.344/2016 quanto à prevenção, repressão, proteção e assistência às vítimas do tráfico internacional para fins de exploração sexual no Brasil, em especial o gênero feminino. O delito em questão é uma afronta à dignidade humana, princípio este que será enfatizado inclusive em meio aos mecanismos de combate. De forma sucinta, o estudo abrangeu o conceito do Instituto da vitimologia, examinando perfis das vítimas, aliciadores e conceitos usados para o tráfico de pessoas e exploração sexual. Com breves dados sobre pessoas traficadas e rotas existentes no Brasil e no mundo o trabalho foi finalizado com a análise acerca da aplicabilidade da supracitada lei, assim como sua eficácia. Para encetar a investigação foi utilizado o método indutivo a ser operacionalizado com as técnicas do referente, das categorias, dos conceitos operacionais e da pesquisa de fontes documentais, resultando em uma fonte de pesquisa para os operadores do Direito.
Gendered occupational aspirations among German youth: Role of parental occupations, gender division of labour, and family structure
Authors: Law Helen , Schober Pia
Published: November 2021

Objective: This study investigates how multiple domains of parental gender role socialisation as well as parent-child relationships and family structure may shape adolescents’ gendered occupational aspirations.

Background: Young people with gender-typical aspirations have a higher chance of choosing gender-typical post-secondary education fields and are more likely to work in gender-typical occupations as adults. Gender norms, family structures and parent-child relationships have undergone profound changes in recent decades. We extend the intergenerational transmission literature by considering whether the influence of parental role modelling may vary according to parent-child relationships and family structure.

Method: We draw on data from 2,235 adolescents from the German Socio-Economic Panel and apply logistic regressions.

Results: Children whose fathers were employed in gender-typical jobs had a greater likelihood of aspiring to a more gender-typical occupation. This relationship was not significant among sons who did not live continuously with both parents since birth, who were generally more likely to aspire to gender-typical occupations. Surprisingly, the gender-typicality of fathers' occupations seemed more influential among daughters whose parents had separated than among those who lived continuously with both parents. Regarding the parental gender division of paid and unpaid work, only mothers' continuous non-employment was associated with daughters being more likely to aspire to a gender-typical occupation.

Conclusion: On the whole, our findings suggest a rather weak influence of parental gender role modelling on children’s persistently gendered occupational aspirations in Germany. Yet, our study extends existing family research by pointing to significant variations across family structures.
Antioxidant and inhibitory activity of Roselle Extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Authors: Fikriyah Nuril , Isnaeni Isnaeni , Darmawati Asri
Published: November 2021

Background: Hibiscus sabdariffa known as roselle, which belongs to the family Malvaceae, grows in sub-tropical and tropical region including Indonesia. Several studies have reported the benefits of roselle for health. Roselle extract has been shown to have antibacterial effect as a support for antibacterial therapy, especially for case of antibiotic resistance, and antioxidant effect which can neutralize free radicals. Purpose: The aim of this study was obtaining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and inhibition concentration (IC50) of roselle extract. Methods: Antibacterial effect of roselle extract against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was tested in nutrient agar media using diffusion method. Antioxidant activity of roselle extract was performed by DPPH. The violet color of DPPH solutions that was reduced by roselle extract were measured using visible spectrophotometer at the wavelength of 516 nm. Result: The result of this study obtained the (MIC) and IC50 of roselle extract were 2,5% and 1251±202,32 ppm, respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that roselle extract have antibacterial effect against MRSA and antioxidant effect.
Broadcast Journalism of Private Radio in Cirebon, Indonesia, in the Convergence Era
Authors: Fajriyah Ningrum Afiaty , Adiprasetio Justito
Published: November 2021

Convergence is a deep integration of knowledge, tools, and all relevant areas of human activities. As an inevitable condition, convergence has also changed a lot of aspects of mass media at the international, national, and local levels. This study elaborates how the local radios in Cirebon, namely Sindangkasih FM, Suara Gratia FM, and Cirebon Radio, are adapting to the convergence culture. This study seeks to demonstrate how the convergence culture can affect private broadcast media, which are not in the epicentrum of media in Indonesia. This study indicates that these three private radios in Cirebon have tried to adapt to the convergence culture in minimally three aspects, namely structural, information coverage, and news presentation or storytelling convergence. The structural convergence happened at the organizational structure of the radio, in which more direct and fluid coordination in the newsgathering and writing processes is applied. At the news coverage level, reporters and scriptwriters are responsible for managing news content for old radio broadcasts and new online media as well. At the news presentation level, the news is not only broadcasted but also reported on new online channels, such as websites and social media. These convergences have further created a more convergent newsroom, including integrating journalism workflows, applying multiskilled journalism and resource sharing, using various technological tools, creating interactivity with the audience, and expanding the audience reach. Keywords: journalism, convergence, broadcasting, interactivity, radio
Using secondary resources of sunflower seed processing to create new natural origin surfactants
Authors: Tarasov V. Y. , Korobko S. S.
Published: November 2021

Today great attention is paid to development of advanced technologies for production of ecologically safe, nonpolluting and biodegradable products, including without limitation cosmetic-hygiene detergents and household products. One of the main ingredients in formulation of such products is surfactants. For the purpose of widening of the assortment of such products it is essential to create new types of biodegradable surfactants derived from renewable, as a rule, plant raw materials. The object of this paper is development of technology for production of non-ionic surfactant, alkyl polyglycoside (APG), with improved characteristics on the basis of the alternative plant raw material, sunflower husks, being the waste by-product of sunflower processing, which is the most commonly available raw material in our country. The output of sunflower processing aiming at sunflower oil production is growing year by year and takes the leading place in the oil-and-fat industry, therefore processing of the waste product in the form of husks is of particular interest now. In the course of work the existing technologies of APG production were studied and their shortcomings were identified. According to such technologies alkyl polyglycoside is produced by combining glucose or aqueous syrupy solution of glucose with C10- C16 alcohol. As the sources of starch, from which glucose is produced further, there are used rice, corn, potatoes or wheat. Such products represent no wastes and have rather high production cost. Fatty alcohols are produced from imported palm or coconut oil. The new technology suggested by us is based on usage of the available and cheap raw materials. Glucose syrup is made with the help of the method of hydrolysis of sunflower husks cellulose, and fatty acids are derived from the sunflower processing cycle at the stage of alkali refining of sunflower oil, comprising C16-C18 atoms. Analysis of organoleptic, physical-and-chemical characteristics and evaluation of consumer properties of the resulting alkyl polyglycoside were performed. It was established that according to the suggested method it is possible to produce a non-ionic surfactant with improved detergent (CCM) and foaming power (foam height, foam stability), and also having soft dermatological action. The alkyl polyglycoside, created and produced with the help of our technology, can be used as an alternate substitute of expensive foreign non-ionic surfactants, can be helpful for extension of the assortment of biodegradable foam detergents, nonpolluting and safe for the environment.
Future agro-industrial technologies and food security in advanced engineering education
Authors: Antipov S. T. , Panfilov V. A.
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to some aspects of creating technologies and equipment for the future agro-industrial complex of Russia. The focus is on the dependence of the solution to the issues of the accelerated development of the agro-industrial complex on the intellectualization of the educational process in higher education. The range of issues discussed includes: the role of fundamental science in the development of the country's agro-industrial complex; a new paradigm of scientific activity; close relationship of agricultural scientists and scientists of the food and processing sectors of the agro-industrial complex; quality of engineering education; the concept of advanced education and its fundamental orientation towards the future; the transition from the sum of scattered special knowledge to a system of knowledge in the form of a set of textbooks in special disciplines; description of a set of 19 books "Engineering of food technology". Particular attention is paid to the relationship between the future of the agro-industrial complex and the system of advanced engineering education. What does it take to achieve the goals of advanced engineering education? First, to expand the vector of work of professors, teachers and students from the transfer and assimilation of pragmatic knowledge to the formulation and solution of the problems of the agro-industrial complex. Secondly, to widely introduce methods of self-education based on information and telecommunication technologies, which is especially important for Russia, which has a huge territory. Third, to implement the ideas of advanced education in order to prepare students for the perception of the agro-industrial complex of the future. Therefore, the intellectualization of the educational process should be considered as a problem of today and a key to the country's food security.
Why does a subsidiary need a strategy?
Authors: Lutchenko T. V. , Khorev A. I. , Khorev I. A. , Grigorieva V. V.
Published: November 2021

A feature of the formation of Russian integrated structures is that they were formed by state structures - shareholders - without taking into account the opinion of those enterprises that entered them. However, the enterprises included in these structures would like to benefit from such integration. The basis for the effective operation of an enterprise in the long term is a sustainable competitive advantage, which it can obtain either through low costs or through product differentiation. Since the majority of subsidiaries do not have developed strategies, it becomes necessary to develop such strategies. Additional competitive advantages due to the implementation of focused strategies of the enterprise included in the integrated structures can be obtained only through the establishment of relationships between themselves, as well as enterprises and the parent company. The maximum competitive advantages will be gained by those enterprises as part of integrated structures that will be able to discover and profitably use relationships with other enterprises of this structure, but operating in related areas of activity. The role of the marketing service is also important in the formation of a focused strategy. The necessary market conditions for the implementation of focused strategies are the most accurate definition of consumer needs, the size and prospects of the market segment, a low number of competitors and sufficient resources to serve the segment. The main risks are determined by overflowing the market niche, reducing the differences between the needs of the segment and the entire market, changing prices in the segment towards the general market, penetration into the segment of competitors.
Student's meals during the working day
Authors: Pitkin V. A. , Holodnaya L. A.
Published: November 2021

One of the main components of a healthy lifestyle is proper nutrition. Most of the population has a disregard for their health. Lack of time, incompetence in matters of food culture, the rhythm of today's life-all this has led to promiscuity in the choice of products. Students are experiencing an increase in the use of fast food products containing a significant amount of various modified components, so poor nutrition is becoming one of the main causes of many diseases. You can prevent diseases if you lead a healthy lifestyle and, first of all, organize proper nutrition. You can prevent diseases if you lead a healthy lifestyle and, first of all, organize proper nutrition. The student must be healthy, physically strong, well-rounded and hardy. Of all the environmental factors that affect its physical and neuropsychiatric development, nutrition occupies an important place. The article analyzes the nutrition of students in the working day mode, studying at universities in the city of Krasnodar. In the course of the study, an anonymous survey was conducted on the basis of the 3rd year of the specialty Economic Security, in which there were 84 students aged 19-20 years. . All students study full-time. According to the study, it was found that students do not follow the diet, and they also revealed a predominance of carbohydrate-fat food consumption.
Cementless Hip Arthroplasty in Patients with Subchondral Insufficiency Fracture of the Femoral Head
Authors: Lee Young-Kyun , Won Seok-Hyung , Park Jung-Wee , Im Jin Woo , Ha Yong-Chan , Koo Kyung-Hoi
Published: November 2021

Background:

Subchondral insufficiency fracture of the femoral head (SIFFH) occurs in elderly patients and might be confused with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Subchondral insufficiency fracture of the femoral head is an insufficiency fracture at the dome of the femoral head and has been known to be associated with osteoporosis, hip dysplasia, and posterior pelvic tilt. This study’s aims were to evaluate (1) surgical complications, (2) radiological changes, (3) clinical results, and (4) survivorship of THA in patients with SIFFH.

Methods:

From November 2010 to June 2017, 21 patients (23 hips); 5 men (5 hips) and 16 women (18 hips) underwent cementless THA due to SIFFH at our institution. Their mean age was 71.9 years (range, 57 to 86) at the time of surgery, and mean T-score was −2.2 (range, −4.2 to 0.2). The mean lateral center-edge angle, abduction, and anteversion of the acetabulum were 29.9° (range, 14.8° to 47.5°), 38.5° (range, 31° to 45°), and 20.0° (range, 12° to 25°), respectively. The mean pelvic incidence, lumbar kyphotic angle and posterior pelvic tilt were 56.4° (range, 39° to 79°), 14.7° (range, −34° to 43°), and 13.0° (range, 3° to 34°), respectively.

Results:

An intraoperative calcar crack occurred in 1 hip. The mean anteversion and abduction of cup were 29.0° (range, 17° to 43°) and 43.3° (range, 37° to 50°), respectively. One patient sustained a traumatic posterior hip dislocation 2 weeks after the procedure, and was treated with open reduction. At a mean follow-up of 35.4 months (range, 24 to 79 months), no hip had prosthetic loosening or focal osteolysis. At the latest follow-up, the mean modified Harris hip score was 79.1 (range, 60 to 100) points, and mean UCLA activity score was 4.2 (range, 2 to 7) points. The survivorship was 95.7% (95% CI, 94.9% to 100%) at 6 years.

Conclusions:

Cementless THA is a favorable treatment option for SIFFH in elderly patients.

Level of Evidence:

3
Electrospun Resorbable Drug-eluting Nanofibers Promote Healing of Allograft Tendons
Authors: Weng Chun-Jui , Wu Yu-Chen , Hsu Ming-Yi , Chang Fu-Pang , Liu Shih-Jung
Published: November 2021

We developed biodegradable drug-eluting nanofibers employing an electrospinning technique, and evaluated their effectiveness on the healing of allograft tendon. Poly-D-L-lactide-glycolide was used as the polymeric material for nanofiber, while doxycycline was selected as the drug for delivery. The in vitro and in vivo drug release profiles were investigated. The biomechanical properties of allograft Achilles tendons repaired using the nanofibers were tested in euthanized rabbits at 2-, 4-, and 6-week time intervals. Histological examination was performed for the evaluation of tissue reaction and tendon healing. The level of postoperative animal activity was also monitored using an animal behavior cage. The experimental results showed that the degradable nanofibers as a vehicle could provide sustained release of doxycycline for over 40 days after surgery with very low systemic drug concentration. Allograft Achilles tendon reconstruction assisted with the drug-loaded nanofibers was associated with better biomechanical properties at 6 weeks post-surgery. In addition, the animals exhibited a better level of activity after surgery. Use of drug-eluting nanofibrous membranes could enhance healing in Achilles tendon reconstruction surgery with allograft.
Genome-Wide Lymphocytic mRNA Sequencing to Identify Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Mechanism in Silicosis
Authors: Li Hai bin , Zhang Lin , Guan Yi , Zhao Yingzheng , Li Ning , Liu Nan , Wang Yongheng , Si Xuezhe , Xu Hao , Lv Zhihao , Wu Weidong , Yao Sanqiao
Published: November 2021

Background

Lymphocytes are immune cells that play dual roles in the pathogenesis of silicosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a vital phenomenon in the pathogenesis of silicosis, is regulated by cytokines, chemokines, and other molecules secreted by lymphocytes; however, the underlying regulatory mechanism is unclear. Here, we investigated the role of lymphocytes in EMT in silicosis.
Methods

Three patients with silicosis and three healthy controls that underwent pre-job physical examination were recruited; fasting venous blood samples were collected and lymphocytes were separated by Ficoll. High-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatic analysis were used to identify specific genes and signaling pathways. The results were verified through the detection of related indices of peripheral blood samples.
Results

The baseline characteristics of subjects from silicosis group were matched with those of healthy controls. In comparison with healthy controls, patients with silicosis showed 1915 dysregulated genes that were thought to participate in various biological processes, including angiogenesis, tissue repair, cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT. Protein-protein interaction analysis grouped these genes into three hub targets, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), integrin beta 1 (ITGB1), and integrin-linked protein kinase (ILK). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) confirmed that PI3K, ITGB1, and ILK were tightly associated with EMT through the Wnt signaling pathway, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway, and cell adhesion molecular pathway. ITGB1 is a member of the adhesion molecule family. The identified genes were verified through the detection of soluble adhesion molecules in peripheral blood samples of patients with silicosis and healthy subjects.
Conclusion

Dysregulation of PI3K, ITGB1, and ILK in lymphocytes may contribute to EMT via JAK-STAT, Wnt, and cell adhesion molecular pathways in patients with silicosis.
Detection and molecular phylogenetic analysis of chicken astrovirus in Saga prefecture, Japan
Authors: Okamoto Osamu , Hirano Shinji , Miyoshi Hirotsugu , Ichinohe Natsumi
Published: November 2021

We detected three chicken astrovirus strains from 4-day-old broiler chickens with a high mortality rate and visceral gout, and one strain from 150-day-old hens without clinical symptoms in Saga prefecture, Japan. Phylogenetic analysis based on the ORF1 amino acid sequence revealed that the strains from the visceral gout case were classified into subgroup Bi, and the strain from chickens without clinical symptoms was classified into subgroup Aiii. Our data indicate that diseases caused by chicken astrovirus can occur in Japan, and that chicken astrovirus infection should be included in the differential diagnosis of chickens with visceral gout.
AP-1 complex activation is a conserved signature of immune system aging and a potential regulator of inflammaging in human and mice
Authors: Karakaslar Emin Onur , Hasham Muneer , Katiyar Neerja , Youn Ahrim , Sharma Siddhartha , Chung Cheng-han , Marches Radu , Korstanje Ron , Banchereau Jacques , Ucar Duygu
Published: November 2021

Increased inflammation with age (i.e., inflammaging) is a hallmark of aging conserved in human and mice, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, partially because a systematic comparative study of mouse and human immune system aging is lacking. We uncovered epigenomic/transcriptomic signatures of aging in spleen and peripheral blood lymphocytes from young (3 months) and old (18 months) mice in two strains: C57BL/6J (long-lived) and NZO/HILtJ (short-lived) and compared these to the aging signatures of human peripheral blood cells. The most predominant and conserved genomic signature of aging in human and mice tissues studied here was the epigenetic activation of several AP-1 complex members (Fos, Fosl2, Junb, Jund). Footprinting analyses showed that these transcription factors ‘bind’ more frequently with age and target pro-inflammatory and effector molecules, including the pro-inflammatory Il6. Analysis of single cell RNA-seq data from the mouse aging cell atlas (Tabula Muris Senis) revealed that AP-1 activation with age is a common feature across all immune cell types within spleens, yet macrophages express these molecules more often than other cells. Functional assays confirmed that spleen cells from older animals have increased c-JUN protein binding and increased IL6 production upon myeloid cell activation using poly(I:C) via TLR3. Western blot data revealed that c-JUN activation with age is not post-transcriptional since its phosphorylation levels were similar between young and old mice. Together, these data established that Jun and Fos families in the AP-1 complex are transcriptionally activated with age and target pro-inflammatory molecules and aging-related increases in the binding of these proteins likely modulate increased inflammation with age.
MELK Predicts Poor Prognosis and Promotes Metastasis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Via Activating the NF-κB Pathway
Authors: Ye Jiecheng , Deng Wanying , Zhong Ying , Liu Hui , Guo Baoyin , Qin Zixi , Li Peiwen , Zhong Xueyun , Wang Lihui
Published: November 2021

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide with a low 5-year survival rate due to the lack of effective therapeutic strategies. Accumulating evidence has indicated that Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) is highly expressed in several tumors and correlates with tumor development. However, the biological effects of MELK in ESCC are still unknown.Methods: We used data from ESCC patient tissue specimens and online datasets to evaluate differences in MELK expression between paired carcinoma. Two ESCC cell lines were selected and MELK was stably knocked down by small hairpin RNA (shRNA) of MELK. Cell phenotypical experiments and animal metastasis assays were performed to detect the influence of MELK knockdown in vitro and in vivo. The potential molecular mechanism of MELK-mediated ESCC metastasis was further investigated by Western blotting and Immunofluorescence staining.Results: In this study, the expression of MELK in human ESCC tissues was higher than that in adjacent normal tissues and was positively correlated with the poor prognosis of patients. Reducing MELK expression resulted in growth inhibition and suppression of the invasive ability of ESCC cells in vitro and in vivo. MELK inhibition induced alterations of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition associated proteins. Mechanistically, MELK interacted with IκB kinase (IKK) and promoted the phosphorylation of IKK, by which MELK regulated activation of the NF-κB pathway.Conclusions: Collectively, our study reveals the function and mechanism of MELK in the cell metastasis of ESCC, which may be a potential therapeutic target for ESCC.