bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical methods and image processing techniques for melissopalynological honey analysis
Authors: Javůrková Zdeňka , Pospiech Matej , Ljasovská Simona , Hrabec Pavel , Tremlová Bohuslava
Published: January 2021

Pollen analysis is a method used for verification of the botanical and geographical honey origin. Currently, much effort is being made to introduce automated systems with the use of image analysis programs. The automatic analysis is impeded by the insufficient depth of field of objects when using a light microscope, however, this can be avoided by using image reconstruction from images obtained from different focal planes. In this method, testing was performed on the normal focus (NF) and extended-depth-of-focus (EDF) images. These two methods were compared and statistically evaluated. The number of pollen grains and selected morphometric characteristics were compared. For EDF images, a higher number of pollen grains was obtained for the analysis, and except for the length/width ratio, a statistically significant difference was observed in the characteristics of pollen grains between the compared NF and EDF methods.
Dedication, innovation, and collaboration: A mixed-methods analysis of school meals in Connecticut during COVID-19
Authors: Connolly Katherine , Babbin Molly , McKee Sarah , McGinn Kevin , Cohen Juliana , Chafouleas Sandra , Schwartz Marlene
Published: January 2021

When school buildings across the U.S. closed in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many school districts mobilized to establish emer­gency school meal programs to operate outside the setting of school cafeterias. The aim of this conver­gent mixed-methods study is to (a) examine the structure and rates of participation in the spring 2020 meal programs in Connecticut, and (b) obtain insight about the challenges, strategies used, and lessons learned during this time by food service leaders. We obtained quantitative data from the Connecticut State Department of Education and district websites, and qualitative data from nine one-hour interviews with school food service lead­ers. Although the National School Lunch Program provides meals at standard price, reduced-price, or no cost based on student household income, all emergency meals during spring 2020 were provided at no cost following the school closures resulting from the COVID-19 public health emergency dec­lara­tion. The average number of meals distrib­uted from March to May 2020 was significantly lower than the overall participation rates (i.e., paid, free, and reduced-price meals combined) prior to COVID-19. However, participation rates in April and May 2020 approached those of free and reduced-price meal participation a year earlier. Four key action themes emerged from the interviews: (1) tailor the program to community needs and resources; (2) identify strategies to facilitate partici­pation; (3) develop partnerships to coordinate school, municipal, and community efforts; and (4) establish programs that encourage resiliency. The interviewees also saw this event as an oppor­tunity to improve the perception of school meals. Inno­vations developed during the spring 2020 school building closures provide a road map for best prac­tices for the 2020–2021 school year and beyond.
Digital diplomacy during the first 100 days: How GCC ministries of foreign affairs and ministers tweeted the blockade
Authors: Al-Mansouri Tarfa , Al-Mohannadi Haya , Feroun Mariam
Published: January 2021

Since the sudden outbreak of what is known as the GCC crisis or the blockade on June 5, 2017, the four nations in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) involved in the conflict –the State of Qatar, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and the Kingdom of Bahrain – have found themselves in a diplomatic race for the support of their position on the rift in traditional media, as well as on social media platforms. This paper focuses on the different ways the ministries of foreign affairs (MOFAs) and the ministers of foreign affairs (MFAs) used Twitter as an instrument of digital diplomacy during the first 100 days of the GCC crisis. In general, states tweet on a daily basis, and the ways in which a sovereign state presents itself online offers an insight into the patterns of representation of state identity, strategy, emotional expression, and recognition of others. This study is based on the content analysis of tweets created by the MOFAs and their respective MFAs of the GCC, with a focus on Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Bahrain over the first 100 days of the crisis (June 5, 2017–September 13, 2017).

This paper uses different types of tweets to examine the various kinds of political and diplomatic discourses perpetuated on Twitter by the GCC officials, in order to engage the online public sphere and navigate the domestic and international discourses. For example, if ministers engage in dialogue with their followers, then they are exercising a two-way digital diplomacy approach via Twitter. On the contrary, when they tweet about their bilateral meetings, it is an example of a one-way digital diplomacy approach, since they do not require any response from their followers. It was of specific interest to examine the differences of topic, content, and frequency of tweets, through the communication in Arabic and English. The study shows that the countries engaged in discourse around the topic of the blockade, but the type of discourse differed significantly depending on the state itself. While some chose to focus on the idea of legitimizing their stance on the topic of the blockade (i.e. Saudi Arabia), others were more direct in voicing their viewpoint, creating specific hashtags such as “#boycottQatar” (i.e. Bahrain). In addition, Qatar differed significantly in terms of the volume of tweets and the topic, tweeting often in both Arabic and English and shifting their focus towards affirming their strong diplomatic relations with countries outside the GCC, such as the Republic of Turkey. Overall, this study aims to compare the way the four GCC countries used Twitter, in order to engage their local and international communities to disseminate an image or a message.
Evolution of Production Indicators over Time in Nelore Cows from the Bolivian Tropics
Authors: Ikeda Atsuko , Marini Pablo R.
Published: January 2021

The objective of the present work was to analyze the evolution of the productive indicators over time in Nelore cows of the Bolivian tropics. The period between 1991 and 2016, corresponding to 3899 calvings of Nelore cows were used for the research work which belong to the Technology Center on Agriculture and Livestock in Bolivia belonging (FUNDATION CETABOL) and the Cooperativa Agropecuaria Integral San Juan de Yapacaní were used. Cows were ordered by birth period into three groups (1991-2000; 2001-2010; 2011-2016). The following variables were analyzed: Age at first calving in days, Live weight of cow in kg, Calf weight at birth in kg, Calf weight at weaning in kg, Calving interval in days, Longevity in days, Accumulative Productivity in kg Total calf production (CP) in kg. The age at first calving has decreased compared to the decade of 1991-2000, however the last period (2011-2016) has increased one more month compared to the period (2001-2010) showing significant differences (p≤0.05). The weights of the cows and the calving interval followed the same behavior in the sense of decreasing, showing that in the period 2011-2015, the cows had the lowest live weight and the lowest calving-calving interval. The calf weight at birth showed an increase in the last two periods with significant difference (p≤0.05) with the period 1991-2000. That the longest-lived cows were those from the 1991-2000 period, showing significant differences (p≤0.05). The cows of the period 2001-2010 presented the best value of the Accumulated Production (p≤0.05), although the highest production of kg of weaned calf was for the cows of the period 1991-2000. It was concluded of the evolution of the productive indicators over time in Nelore cows from the Bolivian tropics individually showed an improvement in their indicators, although the analysis of the more complex indicators did not show an improvement in the results.
Review analysis on phytochemical study of Heracleum L.
Authors: Ts Nomuun , G Odontuya
Published: January 2021

Heracleum L. genus are used in traditional medicine area for the treatment of many disorders such as dissolving gallstones, kidney disease, gynecopathy, adenitis, anthrax, and stopping haemorrhage. The phytochemical studies of Heracleum L.genus have been started since the 1982s and currently 111 natural compounds isolated from 23 plant species. These includes coumarin - 71 (64%), flavonoid - 14 (12.6%), iridoid - 2 (1.8%), lignan - 3(2.7%), lipid - 7 (6.3%), polyacetylene - 3 (2.7%),phenylpropanoid - 1 (0.9%), and other class of compounds - 10 (9%). From these, 28 new natural compounds belonging to coumarins, iridoids and phenylpropanoid have been isolated and their molecular structures were elucidated. This genus is rich of coumarin compounds by phytochemical study. There are two specific Heracleum species, namely H.sibiricum L., and H.dissectum Ldb. that grow in Mongolia, although their phytochemistry and biological activity studies have not been performed yet.

Балдарганы (Heracleum L.) төрлийн ургамлуудын химийн бүрэлдэхүүний судалгааны тойм

Хураангуй: Балдарганы төрлийн ургамлуудыг олон төрлийн өвчнийг анагаахад тустай хэмээн уламжлалт анагаах ухаанд цөсний чулууг задлах, бөөрний өвчин, эмэгтэйчүүдийн өвчин, булчирхайн үрэвсэл, боом, хатиг анагаах, цус алдалтыг зогсооход хэрэглэдэг. Балдарганы төрлийн ургамлуудын химийн бүрэлдэхүүн, найрлагыг 1982 оноос судалж эхэлсэн бөгөөд одоогоор 23-н зүйл ургамлаас 111 хоёрдогч метаболитыг ялгасан ба эдгээр нь кумарин - 71 (64%), флавоноид - 14 (12.6%), иридоид - 2 (1.8%), лигнан - 3 (2.7%), липид - 7 (6.3%), фенилпропаноид - 1 (0.9%), полиацетилен - 3 (2.7%) болон бусад ангиллын нэгдлүүд - 10 (9%) юм. Эдгээрээс фенолт нэгдлийн ангиллын кумарин, фенилпропаноид, терпеноидын ангиллын иридоид зэрэг 28-н байгалийн шинэ нэгдлийг ялгаж бүтэц байгууламжийг тогтоожээ. Химийн судалгааны дүнд  энэ төрлийн ургамалд кумарин зонхилон агуулагддаг байна. Манай оронд Балдарганы төрлийн ургамлуудаас Цуулбар балдаргана, Сибирь балдаргана гэсэн 2 зүйл ургадаг бөгөөд тэдгээрийн фитохими, биологийн идэвхийн судалгаа төдийлөн сайн хийгдээгүй байна.

Түлхүүр үг: Балдаргана, кумарин, флавоноид, иридоид, фенилпропаноид
Candida auris ve Antifungal İlaçlara Direnç Mekanizmaları
Authors: Alp Şehnaz , Arıkan Akdağlı Sevtap
Published: January 2021

Candida auris has been isolated from clinical samples in different regions and countries since it was first described in 2009. Due to the difficulties in identification; decreased susceptibility or resistance to antifungal agents; exceptional capacity to colonize and persist on surfaces; ability to survive despite standard disinfection procedures; and significant increase in the number of regions and countries with reported cases, C.auris has become a global health concern and placed among the World’s ten most concerned fungi list in 2018. It is stated that 60-90% of C.auris strains are resistant to fluconazole, 10-30% exhibit high minimum inhibitory concentration values for amphotericin B, and up to 5% can be considered as resistant to echinocandins. Existing data obtained from ongoing research on molecular mechanisms of antifungal resistance in C.auris revealed some common features with other Candida species. However, diverging aspects are also reported. In this review article, current information on molecular mechanisms and biofilm-related factors responsible for decreased susceptibility or resistance to antifungal agents and unexpectedly high survival potential of C.auris have been discussed.
Between the treatise and epiphany, that is, about Leszek Szaruga for the eighth time
Authors: Michałowski Piotr
Published: January 2021

The article, written on the occasion of the jubilee of an outstanding polish poet, prose writer, essayist, literary critic and literary scholar, possessing enormous achievements in each of these fields, is an attempt to determine his creative personality. The author wrote about him 8 times reserving individual books and now tries to merge his recognition into the overall portrait of the writer. He states that Szaruga is a linguistic poet and at the same time well-versed in literary tradition, as evidenced by numerous intertextual references, among others to the works of Borges in short stories and Lec in aphoristics. He perfectly accomplishes both classical forms: poetic treatise, lyrical miniature, sonnet as well as experimental: linguistic poems and concrete poetry. Finally, an experimental interpretation of one short poem is presented.
Podleganie uczniów i studentów ubezpieczeniom społecznym – przyczynek do dyskusji
Authors: Bigos Marcin
Published: January 2021

Aktywność zawodowa uczniów i studentów stanowi ważny element rynku pracy. Autor artykułu rozważa w tym kontekście zasadność objęcia uczniów i studentów do ukończenia 26 roku
życia wykonujących pracę na podstawie umów cywilnoprawnych dobrowolnymi ubezpieczeniami emerytalnym i rentowymi z tego tytułu, a także ubezpieczeniem wypadkowym, jeżeli
zostały przez nich złożone deklaracje o przystąpieniu do wymienionych ubezpieczeń. W ocenie autora analiza danych statystycznych dotyczących przyczyn wypadków w pracy oraz osób
w nich poszkodowanych uzasadnia potrzebę umożliwienia objęcia uczniów i studentów dobrowolnymi ubezpieczeniami społecznymi z tytułu wykonywania pracy na podstawie umów
cywilnoprawnych. Autor podejmuje zatem próbę wskazania optymalnego kierunku zmian, formułując dwie propozycje podlegania tych osób ubezpieczeniom społecznym.
LED Street Lighting Implementation Research, Support, and Testing
Authors: Kramer Robert
Published: January 2021

This report describes the results of technical analysis, field tests, and laboratory tests that were performed for LED highway lighting options by the Energy Efficiency and Reliability Center (EERC) at Purdue University Northwest for the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT). This effort was conducted over the past 3 years to evaluate and test the technology and viability of using modern highway lighting technology to enhance energy efficiency, safety, security, and economic development of communities and roadways. During the testing period there was a continuous discussion between INDOT and EERC regarding the laboratory and field testing of INDOT approved luminaires submitted by vendors. There were multiple discussions with INDOT and vendors regarding the individual details and issues for the 29 luminaires that were tested. A comparison study was conducted by EERC of the various alternatives and comparison to currently installed luminaires. Data was collected for field tests of the luminaires by EERC and INDOT personnel for the luminaires. Field data was evaluated and compared to lighting models using vendor supplied ies data files. Multiple presentations were made at 3 separate Purdue Road Schools regarding the results and procedures of the testing program by EERC in conjunction with INDOT. A total of 22 final reports, considered confidential by INDOT, for individual vendor luminaires have been prepared as part of this effort. These reports were submitted sequentially to INDOT as testing was completed during the course of this effort. A total of 29 luminaires were tested. Some luminaire testing was terminated during testing due to design issues or vendor requests. All testing was summarized in the INDOT specification sheet attached to each report. Observations regarding the consistency of the supplied test luminaire with the requirements of Section 7.2 of the INDOT test procedure “Procedure for evaluation and approval list requirements for solid state ballasted luminaires ITM 957-17P” is provided in the Appendix to the report for each luminaire. Details regarding how these tests were performed and the respective associated evaluation of performance and reliability are provided in the report. This effort included: consideration of published and vendor information; appraisal of products consistent with national industry standards; review of physical design, thermal performance; laboratory testing of photopic performance, reliability, life cycle data and characteristics, and power characteristics; technical and probabilistic risk studies; and field testing and analysis of LED light sources including comparison to currently installed conventional light sources. Assistance in preparing INDOT standards for highway lighting was provided on multiple occasions.
From a Bubbling Swirl of Signs
Authors: Baker Baranna ,   Semiotic Society of America
Published: January 2021

De-sign is an activity that is a result of semiotic and design processes combined to give a desired outcome. It is an outcome brought about by the conscious mind. But a De-sign outcome can be either tangible or intangible. Intangible results can lead to either an objective or a purely objective product. In other words, it can be a physical result or an imaginative state of mind. This paper explores the latter process of De-sign and how it relates to fictional subject matters and film. A commentary on language, beginning with the alphabet and moving onto the advent of written language, is included. The paper progresses from the world of written language, to an exploration of the mutable, purely objective world of fiction, to the more objective, rigid world of film, where elements left to the imagination, when reading, become fixed with little left for the purely objective activities of the mind. It will be shown that De-sign is an approach common to all purely objective thinking, whether it has an intangible or a tangible final product.
Phaidon’da Ruhun Ölümsüzlüğü
Authors: Güremen Refik ,   Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi
Published: January 2021

Bu yazı, Phaidon diyaloğunda Sokrates’in ruhun ölümsüzlüğünü ispatlamak için öne sürdüğü argümanlardan biri olan Karşıtların Döngüselliği argümanını değerlendirmektedir. Argümanın merkez terimleri olan “yaşıyor olma” ve “ölü olma”nın argüman boyunca aldığı ya da alabileceği çeşitli anlamlar göz önüne alınarak dört itiraz öne sürülmektedir. Bu iki terimin alabileceği farklı anlamlar, öznenin “beden” ya da “ruh” olarak alınmasına göre farklılık göstermektedir. Yazıda, bu terimlerin alabileceği anlamların hiçbirinde Karşıtların Döngüselliği argümanının başarılı sayılamayacağı yani ruhun ölümsüzlüğünü ispatlayamadığı ileri sürülmüştür. Argümandaki temel sorun, ruhun yaşıyor olması ve ölü olmasının döngüselliğe izin veren bir karşıtlık oluşturacak şekilde kullanılamamasıdır.
Nagel’ın Düşüncesinin Öncüleri
Authors: Gökel Nazım ,   Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi
Published: January 2021

Thomas Nagel’ın artık bir klasik haline gelmiş olan “Yarasa Olmak Nasıl Bir Şeydir?” (1974) başlıklı makalesinin belki de en önemli etkisi olarak, tabi ki bu dönemdeki benzer sezgilerle hareket eden diğer felsefecilerin de katkılarıyla, bilinç sorununu tekrar ana gündem maddesi haline getirmesi gösterilebilir. Fakat Nagel’ın herhangi bir organizmanın bilinçli bir deneyime sahip olmasını o organizma olmak gibi bir şeyin mevcudiyetine sıkı sıkıya bağladığı meşhur tanımı özgün bir tanım değildir; çünkü bu fikir daha önce Farrell (1950) ve Sprigge (1971) tarafından dile getirilmiştir. Bu makalede, ilk önce Farrell’ın deneyimin niteliklerini reddetme nedenini açıklamaya çalışacağım. İkinci bölümde ise, Sprigge’in düşüncelerini, özellikle bilinç ve ereksel nedenler arasındaki içsel bağı, ana hatlarıyla sunmaya çalışacağım. Böylece, literatürde adları sadece arada sırada dipnotlarda veya kaynak bölümlerinde geçen bu düşünürlerin görüşlerine geniş yer vererek çağdaş zihin felsefesi tarihindeki bir eksikliği kısmen gidermeyi amaçlıyorum. Sonuç bölümünde ise, Farrell, Sprigge ve Nagel’ın görüşlerini karşılaştırarak Nagel’ın (1974) makalesinin, diğer orijinal yanlarının dışında, özellikle hangi noktada çok önemli ve özgün bir tespitte bulunduğunu açıklayacağım.
Emmanuel Levinas'ta Komşuluk Kavramı
Authors: Buhurcu Yusuf ,   Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı çağdaş Fransız düşünür Emmanuel Levinas’ın komşuluk kavramını açıklamaktır. Bu konu daha önce semavi dinlerde de yer almasına rağmen onu felsefi bir mesele olarak ele alan Emmanuel Levinas olmuştur. Bu nedenle Levinas’ın komşuluk kavramını ve ona temel oluşturan başkalık felsefesini anlamak önem arz etmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada öncelikle Levinas’ın komşuluk düşüncesinin temelini oluşturan başkalık düşüncesinin çeşitli veçheleri gösterilecektir. Böylece etiği ontolojiye önceleyen Levinas’ın temel düşüncesine dair bir açıklama da yapılmış olacaktır. Bununla birlikte komşuluk kavramının nasıl olup da etik zemininden varlık alanına ve oradan da siyasete uzanan bir yol izlediği gösterilebilecektir. Levinas’ın felsefesinin değişken ve zorlu yapısı da göz önüne alındığında onun açık bir şekilde izah edilmesi de zorlaşmaktadır. Bu çalışma da bu zorlu ödeve talip olmanın bir sonucu olarak hazırlanmıştır. Böylece, Levinas’ın komşuluk kavramına yönelik sorularının çağdaş felsefeye bir yol göstermesi ümit edilmektedir.
“Nedir?” ve “Nereden/Nasıl Anlarız?” Sorularından Performatif Felsefenin Ürettiği “Devinen Bilgi”ye Doğru
Authors: Kurtoğlu Taşdelen Demet ,   Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi
Published: January 2021

Devinen bilgi kavramının araştırılması performatif felsefe araştırma alanı içerisinde verimli olabilecek bir alan açmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, felsefe yapma biçimi için önemli bulduğum üç soru tipini hem ayrı ayrı hem de ilişkileri içerisinde araştırmaya çalışacağım. İlk olarak felsefenin geleneksel olarak kabul edilen “nedir?” soru tipine ilişkin yorumlamamdan yola çıkacak, sonrasında ise nasıl’ın bilgisinden farklı olarak sorduğum “nereden/nasıl anlarız?” soru tipinin Bergsoncu sezgiden zekâya giden yöntemle nasıl pratiğe dönüştürülebileceği üzerinde duracağım. Nedir’li soruların deneyimin içinden ve süreç içerisinde sorulmalarının önemini vurgulayacak ve bizi deneyimin kendisi içerisine yerleştiren “nereden/nasıl anlarız?” soru tipinin “olma haline nasıl geçeriz?” soru tipine nasıl zemin hazırladığını araştıracağım. Nedenleri ve sonuçları tam olarak belirleyip bilemeyeceğimiz, “olma halleri”ne geçebilmek için yaratılan performatif ortamlar aracılığıyla olanakların deneylenmesi sonucu üretilen devinen bir bilgi türünden söz edeceğim. Felsefeye performatiflik içerisinden yaklaştığımızda ve yaratılan olma halleri’ni felsefe yapma biçiminin temeline koyduğumuzda, felsefenin birarada-üretilen bilgi için ortamlar yaratan bir pratiğe dönüştüğünü göstermeye çalışacağım.
Fizik ve Astronomi Bilimlerindeki Gelişmeler Bağlamında Modern Dönem Doğa Tasarımının Oluşumu Üzerine Bir Sorgulama
Authors: Özdemir Seçil ,   Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi
Published: January 2021

Modern doğa tasarımının oluşumunu Kopernik ile başlatmak gerekmektedir. Çünkü, onun ortaya koyduğu evren tasarımı, Aristoteles’in ve Batlamyus’un düşüncelerine dayalı evren tasarımının eksikliklerine dikkat çektiği gibi, onların tasarımından kaynaklanan insana, doğaya ve evrene ilişkin yerleşik kabullerin değişmesinin ve yeni kabullerin oluşmasının başat nedenidir. Bundan dolayı ileri sürdüğü yeni evren tasarımı ancak Brahe’nin, Galileo’nun, Kepler’in ve Newton’un çalışmalarıyla tamamlanabilmiştir. Bilimsel gelişmeler ve dönemin düşünce yapısı üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu makalenin amacı da sözü edilen bu gelişimi adı geçen bilim insanlarının başarıları ışığında anlattıktan sonra, modern döneme egemen olan doğa tasarımının belirgin bir resmini oluşturmaktır. Resmin bütünüyle fizik ve astronomideki gelişmeler ışığında oluşturulduğuna dikkat edilmelidir.
Rawls ve Nozick Bireysel Haklar, Tercihler ve Yetenekler Üzerine
Authors: Aydin Aysun ,   Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmada, John Rawls’un yeniden dağıtım teorisi ile Robert Nozick’in yetkilenme teorisinin bir karşılaştırması sunulacaktır. Bir tarafta Rawls’un hem toplumsal sözleşme teorileri arasındaki yeri bakımından hem de önerdiği yeniden dağıtım teorisi bakımından önemli olan adalet tezi yer alırken; diğer yanda Rawls’a adeta meydan okuyan ve yeniden dağıtım ve sözleşmeyi reddederek bireyi ve bireyin kendi üzerindeki tahakkümünü öne çıkaran Nozick’in yetkilenme teorisi yer alır. İki teoriyi toplumsal işbirliği ve bireycilik, sosyal-dağıtıcı adalet ve bireysel adalet, tercihlere/yeteneklere duyarlılık ve bireysel haklar kavramları bağlamında karşılaştırmak mümkündür. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmanın amacı iki düşünürün teorilerini hem kendi içlerindeki tutarlılık bakımından değerlendirmek hem de bireysel haklar ve tercihlere/yeteneklere duyarlılık açısından ele almaktır. Bu karşılaştırma iki görüşün toplumun temel yapısını belirleyen kabullerini göstermek ve genel olarak toplumsal birliktelik veya işbirliği ve bireycilik karşıtlığına örnek olması bakımından önemlidir. Aynı zamanda, bu karşılaştırma bireysel hakların ve tercihlerin sınırlarını gösterebilmek açısından da bir öneme sahiptir. Bu amaçla, öncelikle Rawls’un yeniden dağıtım teorisi daha sonra Nozick’in yetkilenme teorisi ele alınacaktır. Son olarak, bireysel hak ve tercihlere/yeteneklere duyarlılık kavramlarının iki düşünürün teorilerindeki yerleri ve kabulleri karşılaştırılarak sunulacaktır. Bu bağlamda, bu konuda görünen karşıtlığın iki teorinin kavramsal arka planları göz önünde bulundurulduğunda tam anlamıyla bir karşıtlık teşkil edip etmediği sorgulanacak ve Nozick’in eleştirilerine karşı Rawls’ın birey ve hak kavramsallaştırmasının tutarlılığı ve uygulanabilirliği savunulacaktır.
Port-Royal Mantığı’nda Tasımsal Geçerliliğin Saptanışı
Authors: Besler Arman ,   Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi
Published: January 2021

Antoine Arnauld ile Pierre Nicole’ün Mantık veya Düşünme Sanatı – daha iyi bilinen takma adıyla Port-Royal Mantığı – kitabı, geleneksel terim mantığının gelişim tarihinde en az iki bakımdan önemli bir aşamayı temsil etmektedir. Birincisi, bu kitap, “eski” mantığı, René Descartes’ın bilgi ve varlık anlayışınca belirlenmiş olan modern felsefeye ayarlı hale getirmekte ve sonraki dönemlerin mantıkçıları için terim mantığının terminolojisini bir dereceye kadar yeniden tanımlamaktadır. (Terminolojiyle ilgili nokta, en belirgin olarak Immanuel Kant’ın mantık yazılarında takip edilebilmektedir.) İkincisi ve daha önemlisi, bu kitap, kategorik tasım kuramında geçerlilik denetimi/saptaması için kullanılan ve Aristoteles’e dayanan standart kanıtkuramsal yaklaşım yerine, Ortaçağlarda geliştirilmiş, daha çok semantik yönelimli olduğu söylenebilecek alternatif bir yaklaşımı ana öğreti olarak sunmaktadır. Bu yaklaşımda, geçerli tasım biçimleri, kategorik önermelerde geçen terimlerin semantik bir özelliği olan dağıtım fikrini merkeze alan az sayıda kural yoluyla tespit edilir. Bu yazının asıl amacı semantik yönelimli bu yaklaşımın özünü Port-Royal örneği üzerinden aydınlatmaktır. Öncelikle, Port-Royal mantıkçılarının ilgili kuralları geçerli tasımsal biçimleri saptamak için nasıl uyguladıkları, bağlantılı bazı kavramların ve sorunların ışığında, ayrıntılı olarak açıklanmaktadır. Sonra da Port-Royal mantıkçılarının (belki de Aristoteles’i izleyerek) altık tasım biçimlerini eleyişlerinin, semantik yönelimli yaklaşımın ruhuna uygun olmayan bir tutum oluşturduğu, dolayısıyla da Port-Royal Mantığı’nın bu yaklaşımın arı olmayan bir örneklemesi olarak görülmesi gerektiği savunulmaktadır.
Political Realism and Political Reasons
Authors: Kiss Sam ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: January 2021

Some people, we may call them realists, endorse the priority thesis. This thesis says political reasons (distinct from moral, prudential, aesthetic, economic, and other kinds of reason) have normative priority whenever we assess political situations. Any putative political reasons, I argue, must satisfy an autonomy condition and an identity condition. I argue that no realist account of political reasons shows such reasons are distinct and autonomous as of yet. One account, the practice-based account, may have the wherewithal to show political reasons are distinct. I also say some things about the relations between identity, autonomy, and priority.
Cultural Mobility, Networks, and Theatre
Authors: Imre Zoltán
Published: January 2021

The Budapest premiere of Henrik Ibsen’s Kísértetek (Gengangere) was on 17 October 1908 by the Thália Társaság, a Hungarian independent theatre. Though banned earlier, by 1908, Ibsen’s text had already been played all over Europe. Between 1880 and 1908, the search of IbsenStage indicates 402 records, but probably the actual performance number was higher. The popularity of the text can be seen in the fact that all the independent theatres staged it, and most of the famous and less famous travelling companies and travelling stars also kept it in their repertoires. Though, usually, the high-artistic independent and the commercial international and regional travelling companies are treated separately, here, I argue for their close real and/or virtual interconnections, creating such a theatrical and cultural network, in which the local, the regional, the national, and the transnational interacted with and were influenced by each other. At the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, such interaction among different forces and agents on different levels was one of the special features of cultural mobility (Greenblatt) which characterized intercultural theatre culture, existing in Europe and America, and extending its influence almost all over the globe.
Russian Relations
Authors: Von Rosen Astrid , Klimova Eugenia , Nikolaeva Olga
Published: January 2021

This article explores the unlikely collaboration between a Swedish art and dance historian, a Russian amateur historian, and a Russian-Swedish doctoral student to seek out the early career of migrating dancer Anna Robenne (one of her names). The article looks into the activist ways in which the explorers interacted with Russian, Swedish, and Finnish archives in order to both reveal and make accessible cross-border materials and knowledge pertaining to Robenne. To explore the relationship between the Robenne materials, the archival institutions, and the group of collaborating historians, the authors draw on Caswell and Cifor’s notion of “radical empathy”. The article thus brings new archival theory into the performing arts domain and makes a dance contribution to the broader field of critical archival and heritage studies. To cross borders to account for Robenne’s Russian legacy counters previous historiography’s disinterest in following the careers of non-canonized migrating artists in the Nordic-Baltic region.
Inside Frozen Geographies
Authors: Klivis Edgaras
Published: January 2021

After the annexation of the Crimean Peninsula by the Russian Federation in 2014, the attitude of Baltic theatre producers and artists towards cultural and institutional partnerships with Russian theatres and their involvement in the mutual artistic exchanges, tours, common projects, and networking changed; not only due to these exchanges becoming a controversial issue in the public eye, but also due to the polarization they caused in the artistic community itself. Some artists, like Latvian stage director Alvis Hermanis, have decisively terminated all their previous creative partnerships, arrangements and tours, calling also other theatre artists “to take sides”. Others, like Russian stage and film director Kirill Serebrennikov who, for years, had been involved with Baltic theatres, would regard taking sides as a disastrous yielding of culture to the logic of war – theatre should be kept as the last link between societies gradually separated by reciprocal propaganda insanity. Building upon these conflicts describing the changes in intercultural theatrical cooperation between Russian and Baltic theatres, the article focuses on the analysis of three productions: Dreams of Rainis by Kirill Serebrennikov at the Latvian National Theatre (2015), Alexander Pushkin’s play Boris Godunov directed by Eimuntas Nekrošius at the Lithuanian National Drama Theatre (2015) and Brodsky/Baryshnikov staged by Alvis Hermanis at the New Riga Theatre in 2016. All of the performances refused to stay inside the frameworks marked for them by the regimes of propaganda wars, public diplomacy, or dispositif of security, but focused instead on the possibilities of intellectual disobedience.
Mundo postverdad y uso intensivo de la tecnología
Authors: Cavaller Víctor
Published: January 2021

Con las elecciones estadounidenses del pasado 2016, la era de la postverdad ha nacido en política. Vivir en un mundo postverdad o postfactual (del inglés post-truth) se define como una actitud o un estado de opinión −aplicado principalmente pero no exclusivamente en política− donde los hechos objetivos tienen menos influencia que las emociones o las creencias personales.
A rare case of Acute Febrile Neutrophilc Dermatosis – Sweet’s syndrome
Authors: Swamy Ashwini Kodigehalli Chikkanna , Prasad Sandhaya , Patra Anjan Kumar
Published: January 2021

Sweet syndrome is an inflammatory dermatosis characterized by non-itchy, sometimes tender, erythematous plaques and papules most commonly distributed on the arms, upper body, head and neck. Histological findings include a dense dermal neutrophilic infiltrate with oedema. We report a case of 32year old female patient with solitary well defined erythematous edematous plaques with whitish scales at the centre of the lesion present over the extensor aspect of left forearm since 5days with sparing of palms , soles and mucosae. Laboratory investigations and histopathology were suggestive of Neutrophilic dermatoses (Sweet’s syndrome). This case was presented to highlight Atypical presentationof sweet syndrome – annular morphology and localization of lesions only over left forearm Therefore high index of suspicion is needed for its diagnosis in cases of solitary and isolated presentation along with necessary histopathological and laboratory investigations.
Essential syphilitic alopecia: Non-scarring alopecia in 21-year-old man
Authors: Chehab Hafssa , Richert Bertrand
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Alopecia syphilitica is a less common clinical manifestations of secondary syphilis. It is uncommon for hair loss to be the sole or predominant manifestation, as hair loss is the chief clinical and histologic differential diagnosis of. The main difference between alopecia areata and Alopecia syphilitica is the detection of Treponema pallidum in syphilis. We present the case of a 21- year-old belgium man with different patches of non-cicatricial alopecia of his scalp. The patient denied previous history of genital or other skin lesions. Laboratory evaluation was positive for syphilis. The diagnosis of alopecia syphilitica was made and he was treated with single intramuscular injections of benzathine penicillin. The lesions improved with treatment in all the patients who attended follow-up. Dermatologists should maintain a high level of clinical suspicion for this uncommon manifestation of syphilis, particularly when it is the only symptom.
A Clinico-epidemiological study of patients with lichen planus and associated metabolic complications at a tertiary care centre
Authors: Sharma Astha , Khare Ashok K , Gupta Lalit K , Mittal Asit , Mehta Sharad , Balai Manisha
Published: January 2021

Background: An association between lichen planus and systemic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome has been reported. Aim: To assess the clinico-epidemiological profile of lichen planus, evaluate prevalence of underlying metabolic complications and compare the clinical profile of patients with and without metabolic syndrome. Material and methods: All the patients with lichen planus attending dermatology out patient department of a tertiary care centre in South Rajasthan over a period of one year were studied. Patients with lichenoid drug eruptions and those receiving systemic treatment for lichen planus were excluded from the study. Statistical analysis was done using the chi – square test. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 270 patients of lichen planus were enrolled. Male to female ratio was found to be 0.76: 1. Maximum (64; 23.7%) patients belonged to the age group of 31 – 40 years. Classical morphology was the most common (128; 47.4%) cutaneous pattern. Mucosal and nail involvement was seen in 80 (29.6%) and 87 (32.2%) patients respectively. Koebner phenomenon was present in 57 (21.1%) patients. The investigations were completed by 175 (64.8%) patients. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were found in 12.6% (22/175) and 14.3% (25/175) patients respectively. The diagnostic criteria for dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome were fulfilled by 39.4% (69/175) and 27.4% (48/175) patients respectively. Majority (81.2%) of the patients with metabolic syndrome belonged to age group 40 years and above, and oral and nail involvement was found to be more common in them. It is recommended that these patients should be screened for complications like diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Significant numbers of lichen planus patients were found to have dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome. Patients aged 40 years and above, with oral and nail involvement have higher propensity to be associated with metabolic syndrome and therefore such patients should be screened for metabolic complications. Timely screening and early intervention may reduce the risk of related morbidity and mortality. Limitations: Lack of control group is the drawback of our study. Age and sex matched comparative studies are required for confirmation of the results.
Public security in Poland
Authors: Tołwiński Maciej
Published: January 2021

Attention of the research dealing with the questions of security and defense for a long time was focused on the two traditional criteria of security – political and military. Security of an individual, group or community was usually neglected within the public discourse on security. However, in the 1990s, attention was riveted on other factors, which shifted the research interests from classical criteria (political and military) to the ones that have not been previously on the agenda of scientific debates. On of such criteria is the discussed in this article public security, which was virtually absent in the scientific research until the end of the XX century. The fall of the Berlin Wall, opening of the “Iron Curtain”, and disintegration of the bipolar world aroused broader interest to personal security – problems, opportunities, and dangers of humanity’s existence. The goal of this work consists in the attempt to describe and clarify the stance of Polish researchers on public security. The text is primarily of exploratory nature, and presents perspectives of the scholars on the topic.  
National security management: retrospective analysis
Authors: Feofilova Tatyana Yur'evna , Radygin Evgenii Vladimirovich , Amirbegi David Zurabovich , Bezdelova Ul'yana Dmitrievna
Published: January 2021

The subject of this research is the key changes in the institutional provision of national security. The object of this research is the national security management. Provision of national security is an inextricable element of state administration. The article examines the system of views that reflect state’s position on the question of national security protection, presented in the legislative acts, conceptual and strategic documents considering amendments thereto. The goal of this study consists in determination of transformation of approach of the government of the Russian Federation towards ensuring national security. Federal laws, conceptual and strategic documents of the Russian Federation served as the information base for this research. The scientific novelty consists in systematization of approaches of the state towards understanding of boundaries and organization of national security protection of the Russian Federation. The conducted retrospective analysis allows tracing the changes in approaches of the states towards ensuring national security, observing the transformation of government’s priorities within and outside the country, as well as determining interdependence of the system of national security protection and its structure on the power of state’s authority and the status of development of administration in the Russian Federation. The overall conclusion of this research lies in the statement that the system of national security management is dynamic; its transformation depends on the international relations and factors outside the Russian Federation, as well as on the level of development and stability of the national system of administration.
Tendencias de los artículos académicos sobre TIC y web social en el período 2013-2017
Authors:   Universidad de Salamanca (España), Piñeiro-Naval Valeriano , Morais Ricardo ,   Universidade da Beira Interior (Portugal)
Published: January 2021

Este trabajo pretende comprender el modo en que las TIC y la web social, agentes vertebradores de la actual sociedad digital, han sido tratadas en los artículos de índole académica. El objetivo es, por tanto, efectuar un balance de la investigación publicada en las revistas españolas e hispanoamericanas con mayor impacto durante el quinquenio 2013-2017, indexadas en Scimago Journal & Country Rank en la categoría de comunicación. Para ello, fueron triangulados metodológicamente la investigación bibliométrica y el análisis de contenido, lo que permitió abordar aspectos como la autoría o la financiación de los trabajos, así como identificar los objetos de estudio, las teorías o las metodologías empleadas en los 425 artículos de la muestra.
Clinical Nature and Treatment with Sclerotherapy of Pyogenic Granuloma: A Case Series
Authors: Shah Jigna S , Patel Anand , Lunagariya Nutan
Published: January 2021

Pyogenic granuloma is a misnomer, as in reality it arises in response to various irritating factors such as low-grade local irritation or hormonal factors, traumatic injury as well as presented as inflammatory hyperplasia that is not related to infection. Oral pyogenic granuloma is a lobulated or smooth exophytic lesion with pedunculated or sometimes sessile base, haemorrhagic in tendency. Although excisional surgery is the treatment of choice for it, some other treatment protocols such as laser therapy, sclerotherapy with 3% polidocanol, cryotherapy and steroid therapy have also been proposed. Here, Authors present a case series of gingival as well as extra gingival pyogenic granulomas which were diagnosed and treated by various therapies i.e., surgical excision, Carbon Dioxide (CO2) laser therapy and sclerotherapy. Regression period of lesion with different therapies was evaluated in detail. Maximum patients were female in the age group of 26-50 years in present case series. Almost all cases of pyogenic granuloma had typical clinical characteristic without bony alteration. Amongst all therapies sclerotherapy had the biggest advantage of less regression period for any case of pyogenic granuloma i.e., 7-8 days only.
Comparative Study of FOXC1 Expression in Selective Odontogenic Cysts and Tumours
Authors: Prasitsak Thanit , Intapa Chaidan
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Many studies have indicated that Forkhead Box C1 (FOXC1) is highly expressed in a various malignant neoplasms and its over expression is associated with tumour development, progression and metastasis. However, the role of FOXC1 in odontogenic lesions remains to be elucidated. Aim: This study aimed to investigate FOXC1 expression in selective Odontogenic Cysts (OC) and Odontogenic Tumours (OT). Materials and Methods: A descriptive study on OC and OT was performed on oral biopsy specimens at Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, between January 2009 and December 2016. Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mouse were used as study animal. Immunohistochemical reaction was performed using antibody against FOXC1 in 23 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues of eight Ameloblastoma (AM), one Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumour (AOT), seven Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC), five Dentigerous Cyst (DC), two Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst (COC) and three mouse embryonic head at Embryonic Day (E)14. The expression level of FOXC1 was evaluated using semi-quantitative analysis. Results: Immunoreactivity of FOXC1 was not detected in the epithelial lining of OKC, DC and COC but it was identified in the epithelial compartment of AM and AOT. Overall, semi-quantitative analysis demonstrated moderate staining of FOXC1 and staining score was 4.13 in AM and 5 in AOT. In addition, FOXC1 was not detected in normal tooth bud of mouse including both enamel organ and condensing ectomesenchyme. Conclusion: Expression of FOXC1 may contribute in tumouriogenesis of OT whereas it is may not be related with normal odontogenesis.
Empirical Analysis of Economic Viability and Cost of Installation of 3 HP Solar Irrigation Pump in Jaipur, Rajasthan
Authors: Gautam Yash , Singh O. P.
Published: January 2021

With the increase in population, urbanisation and development in India, the demand for energy has increased in recent years. Today, India relies heavily on fossil fuels to meet its energy requirements. Hence, this study analyses the economic viability of 3 HP solar irrigation pump for farmers of Jaipur, Rajasthan. Since, solar irrigation pump is now being preferred over diesel irrigation pumps in the study area. Rajasthan was selected purposively because it receives the highest annual global radiation. Jaipur was selected because the number solar irrigation pumps were maximum. Payback period, net present worth, benefit cost ratio and internal rate of return was used to analyze the economic viability. From the results it was clear that the adoption of solar irrigation pumps was economically feasible in the study area.
Application of Chemical Fertilizers in Cocoa-Based (Theobroma cacao) Agroforestry Systems; Impact on Yields and Policy Ramifications: Empirical Evidence from Cameroon
Authors: Tsufac Azembouh Roshinus , Awazi Nyong Princely , Yerima Bernard Palmer Kfuban , Enang Roger Kogge
Published: January 2021

Soil fertility decline has pushed farmers across the world to resort to chemical fertilizers in order to improve soil fertility and enhance crop yields. In agroforestry systems, the application of chemical fertilizers is a call for concern considering that agroforestry systems are supposedly agro-ecological, environmentally friendly and sustainable systems. It was within this context that this study sought to assess the application of chemical fertilizers in cocoa-based agroforestry systems and its policy ramifications. Data was collected through a household survey of 300 cocoa farmers in Cameroon, and analyzed on SPSS 17.0 employing descriptive and analytical techniques. It was found that the most commonly used chemical fertilizers by cocoa farmers in cocoa-based agroforestry systems were NPK 20:10:10 (60%), NPK 15:20:15 (50%), and Urea (40%). It was also noticed that a majority of the cocoa farmers sampled used no chemical fertilizer (35%), very small quantity (15%), small quantity (20%), and moderate quantity (20%). With respect to frequency of use, most cocoa farmers never used chemical fertilizer (35%), used it rarely (30%), or used it occasionally (15%). However, some cocoa farmers used chemical fertilizers frequently (5%) and very frequently (5%) in their cocoa agroforests. Coefficients of correlation and regression showed the existence of a statistically significant (p<0.05) direct and inverse non-causal and causal relationship between different explanatory variables (income level, availability of chemical fertilizers, access to information, membership in farming group and access to extension services) and cocoa farmers’ use of chemical fertilizers; while farm size and number of farms had a statistically significant inverse relationship. Correlation and regression coefficients showed the existence of a statistically significant (p<0.05) direct non-causal and causal relationship between different levels of cocoa yields (very high cocoa yield, high cocoa yield, average cocoa yield, low cocoa yield, very low cocoa yield, no change in cocoa yields) and the application of chemical fertilizers in cocoa-based agroforestry systems. On the basis of the study’s findings, it is recommended that measures be taken to limit the use of chemical fertilizers in cocoa-based agroforestry systems in order to enhance the sustainability of these systems.