bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hepatic-Specific Accessibility of Igf1 Gene Enhancers Is Independent of Growth Hormone Signaling
Authors: Santhanam Mahalakshmi , Chia Dennis J.
Published: October 2013

The diverse roles of IGF-1 in physiology include acting as the endocrine intermediate to elicit the anabolic actions of GH. The majority of serum IGF-1 is synthesized in liver, where GH stimulates Igf1 gene transcription via the transcription factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)5b. We and others have identified multiple Stat5-binding domains at the Igf1 locus that function in gene regulation, but it remains unclear whether the roles of these domains are tissue specific. Survey of the chromatin landscape of regulatory domains can provide insight about mechanisms of gene regulation, with chromatin accessibility regarded as a hallmark feature of regulatory domains. We prepared chromatin from liver, kidney, and spleen of C57BL/6 mice, and used formaldehyde-associated isolation of regulatory elements to assess chromatin accessibility at the major Igf1 promoter and 7 -binding enhancers. Whereas the promoters of other prototypical tissue-specific genes are open in a tissue-specific way, the major Igf1 promoter is open in all 3 tissues, albeit moderately more so in liver. In contrast, chromatin accessibility at Igf1 Stat5-binding domains is essentially restricted to liver, indicating that the enhancers are driving extensive differences in tissue expression. Furthermore, studies with Ghrhrlit/lit mice reveal that prior GH exposure is not necessary to establish open chromatin at these domains. Lastly, formaldehyde-associated isolation of regulatory elements of human liver samples confirms open chromatin at IGF1 Promoter 1, but unexpectedly, homologous Stat5-binding motifs are not accessible. We conclude that robust GH-stimulated hepatic Igf1 gene transcription utilizes tissue-specific mechanisms of epigenetic regulation that are established independent of GH signaling.
Connecting bilattice theory with multivalued logic
Authors: Genito Daniele , Gerla Giangiacomo
Published: October 2013

This is an exploratory paper whose aim is to investigate the potentialities of bilattice theory for an adequate definition of the deduction apparatus for multi-valued logic. We argue that bilattice theory enables us to obtain a nice extension of the graded approach to fuzzy logic. To give an example, a completeness theorem for a logic based on Boolean algebras is proved.
Vertical Cicatricial Tarsal Kink of Donor Site after Free Tarsal Graft
Authors: Chakrabarti Anindita , Warwar Ronald E.
Published: October 2013

An 81-year-old woman underwent a free tarsal graft procedure to repair a right lower eyelid defect following a Mohs’ resection of a basal cell carcinoma. Three weeks postoperatively, a horizontal contracture of the superior donor tarsus resulted in a vertical cicatricial tarsal kink of the upper eyelid, ultimately requiring a full thickness wedge resection to correct. Vertical cicatricial tarsal kink is a relatively rare and poorly characterized donor site complication of free tarsal grafts and tarsoconjunctival flaps.
Do Chronic Alcoholism Effect to The Cornea and Retina? (Alcohol and Eye)
Authors: Gunduz Abuzer , Cumurcu Tongabay , Cumurcu Birgul Elbozan , Demirel Ersin Ersan , Gül Isil Gögcegöz , Firat Pempegül
Published: October 2013

Objective: To compare quantitative anterior and posterior segment data obtained with the Pentacam and OCT in individuals who are chronic users of alcohol (ethanol). 
Methods: Our study was a prospective, case-control study conducted on two groups. The first group (Group 1) consisted of 30 male patients who had presented at the Psychiatry outpatient department of our hospital for the treatment of alcoholism. The second group (Group 2) consisted of 30 age- and sex-matched individuals as the control group. This group included the healthy persons accompanying their relatives who had come to the Eye Department for treatment. All cases underwent an ocular examination, measurement of the axial length, Pentacam examination and Spectral Domain Optic Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT). The quantitative data from these measurements were compared between the two groups. The significance level for the tests was 0.05. 
Results: The mean age was 45.0±8.03 (28-59) years in the group 1 and 41.83±8.5 (31-60) years in the control group. The mean alcohol use duration was 18.33±9.94 years in group 1. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for age or axial length. There was also no significant difference between the groups for the Pentacam K (keratometry), CCT (central corneal thickness), ACD (anterior chamber depth), ACA(anterior chamber angle), ACV(anterior chamber volume) and LT (lens thickness) data (p>0.05). There was also no difference between the groups for the SD-OCT FCT (Foveal 1 mm central ring thickness), S-GCC (Superior-hemiretinal ganglion cells complex), I-GCC (Inferior hemiretinal ganglion cells complex), G-RNFL (Global -Retinal nerve fiber layer), I-RNFL (Inferior -Retinal nerve fiber layer), S-RNFL (Superior-Retinal nerve fiber layer), N-RNFL (Nasal-Retinal nerve fiber layer) and T-RNFL (Temporal-Retinal nerve fiber layer) data (p>0.05). 
Conclusion: The results of this study were not find a difference between measurements of the ocular structures of individuals with a history of chronic alcohol use and healthy individuals in this quantitative study.
Fundus Autofluorescence and Fluorescein Angiogram Findings: Stargardt’s Disease
Authors: Turaka Kiran , Ziemianski Matthew C.
Published: October 2013

Fundus Autofluorescence is a new imaging modality to study the pathology of the retinal pigment epithelial cells. A young patient with suspected diagnosis of bilateral dry macular degeneration was later-on diagnosed to have Stargardt’s disease with the help of new ancillary test such as fundus autofluorescence in addition to other tests such as fluorescein angiography (FA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT).
Double-Dose Ranibizumab for Eyes with Refractory Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Modjtahedi Bobeck S. , Morse Lawrence S. , Rashid Saadia , Park Susanna S.
Published: October 2013

In this retrospective chart review of the 10 eyes (8 subjects) with exudative age-related macular degeneration that had persistent macular fluid on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) [after at least 3 monthly intravitreal ranibizumab (0.5mg) or bevacizumab (1.25mg)], central macular thickness was significantly lower after 2 monthly double-dose intravitreal ranibizumab injections (0.1mg, DDR) (324 + 77µm at baseline vs 248 + 50µm, P=0.02).
Seven of 10 eyes that received DDR had some qualitative anatomic improvement on SD-OCT with the first 2 DDR, but no further OCT improvements were noted thereafter with additional DDR. The DDR treatment effect was transient in 3 of 7 eyes despite sustained DDR treatment.
Best corrected visual acuity remained stable in 7 of 10 eyes over the initial period of DDR (first 2-3 injections), 2 eyes improved > 2 lines and 1 eye had > 2 lines of worsening. The improvement in BCVA did not correlate with improvement noted on SD-OCT.
Paracentesis was performed frequently for acute intraocular pressure elevation or as prophylaxis in eyes receiving DDR due to the higher volume injected intravitreally but no other ocular or systemic adverse effect was noted with DDR.
What Follow-Up for Early Gastric Cancer Patients Radically Treated?
Authors: Luca Baiocchi Gian , Massimo Tiberio Guido Alberto , Portolani Nazario , Coniglio Arianna , Gheza Federico , Molfino Sarah , Morgagni Paolo , Saragoni Luca , De Manzoni Giovanni , Giulini Stefano Maria
Published: October 2013

Introduction: At the present state of knowledge, submitting patients radically operated for Early Gastric Cancer (EGC) to an imaging-based oncological follow-up doesn't improve survival. 
Materials and Methods: The present study was performed consulting the available Literature in PubMed and Embase. Manuscripts published in the period 1990-2012 were selected. A research inboard the Italian Research Group for Gastric Cancer (IRGGC) was also managed. 
Results: After radical resection for EGC, the 5-years risk of recurrence is 1.7%-6.8%; the risk of another tumor is 1.2%- 4.8%, so follow-up could be useless in almost 90% of cases. However, a lot of patients actually require to be followed over time after the intervention; furthermore, follow up is the only practice that should provide reliable data about time and mode of recurrence. Indeed, many high quality and high volume centers all around the world, and 100% of the 8 IRGGC Centers involved in this survey keep their patients currently under control. Looking for a rational approach, follow-up has to be especially considered for N+ patients, it has to last 5 years long and it must be based on CT with i.v. contrast medium injection alternating to abdominal ultrasonography. 
Conclusions: Despite the absence of a clear survival advantage, the practice of follow-up after radical gastrectomy for EGC should be supported.
Adrenocortical Carcinoma: Update of Clinical Features and Diagnosis
Authors: Gurzu Simona , Jung Ioan
Published: October 2013

Adrenocortical carcinomas represent about 0.02% of all malignant tumors. They can be either non-functional being incidentally diagnosed but large functional or non-functional tumors weighing above four kilos were also described. In this review we intended to correlate our experience in field of adrenocortical carcinoma with the literature data and to present our vision about their histogenetic aspects, the prognostic factors and molecular examinations in the field. The histological characteristics in routine Hematoxylin and Eosin stain were analyzed in relationship to the immunohistochemical antibodies such as Inhibin, Melan-A, HMB45, Keratin, Ki67, Synaptophysin, Chromogranin, Calretinin, Neuron specific enolase (NSE), RET, CD56, Vimentin, Epithelial Membrane Antigen (EMA). The histological subtypes such as myoxoid carcinoma and also the possible associated-lipomatous metaplasia, together with the differential diagnosis and the metastatic behavior, based on the newest data published in literature, were also discussed. The main purpose of the review was to present the clinico-pathological complexity of this rare but challenging and aggressive tumor.
Prognostic Factors for Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix Treated with Concurrent-Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Gupta Manoj Kumar , Revannasiddaiah Swaroop , Thakur Priyanka , Sharma Mukesh , Pandey Kailash Chandra
Published: October 2013

Carcinoma of the uterine cervix is most commonly staged with the FIGO (Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique) system, which is essentially based upon benevolent intentions of simplicity and accessibility. Locally advanced carcinoma of the cervix (LACC) is defined as disease belonging to stages which are not amenable to routine upfront surgery. Staging for any cancer can be expected to provide valuable information with regards to prognosis and in choosing the appropriate and optimal pathway of clinical management. Hence, it could be said that improper staging or inadequate staging can lead to improper management. Carcinoma of the cervix (CC) continues to be staged by the FIGO system, which continues to ignore proven prognostic factors such as lymph nodal involvement, volume of disease and various other factors. This review intends to acquaint the reader about the exhaustive list of prognostic variables which are of potential significance in predicting prognosis, in determining optimal treatment, in predicting outcomes of treatment and possibly suggesting a subset of patients who may benefit with modified or intensified treatment strategies.
Azathioprine and Aspirin in Childhood Primary Arterial Stroke
Authors: Malik Muhammad Akbar , Naseer Muhammad , Malik Hamza
Published: October 2013

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine the complications of anticoagulants in acute phase, and of low dose Aspirin with and without Azathioprine in remission and maintenance phases in patients with arterial ischemic strokes (AIS). 
Study Type: observational and analytic. 
Place: The department of the Neurology of the Children’s Hospital Lahore-Pakistan. 
Setting and Duration: The study was conducted at the department of the Neurology of the Children's Hospital from 1st Jan 2009 to 31st December 2010. 
Methods: Over the period of 2 years, 68 patients with acute ischemic strokes were admitted, who presented within 14 days of onset of the symptoms. Patients with AIS were treated with anticoagulants at least for 04 weeks and this was followed by long term use of Aspirin. Patients ais due to progressive arteriopathy were treated with Azathioprine. Patient were followed in Hospital based cohort study at single center and were systemically assessed for clinical presentation, classification of choldhood primary ischaemic stroke (cPIS), adverse effects of anticoagulants, aspirin and azathioprine. 
Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 12.0 (Chicago, IL). Frequencies were calculated for categorical data including gender, final outcome and complications of anticoagulation therapy. 
Result: 68 children with cPIS (boys 62%, girls 38%) with mean age of 8.5 years (median age 7.4 + 3.5 years), were enrolled in this study.The mean time-interval between the symptoms onset and the patients’ admission to the hospital was 5.6 days (range 1 to 14 days). Motor deficit (70%); headache (64%) and fever (20%) were the commonest symptoms, whereas, hemiparesis (60%); seizure 55 % (focal 35%, generalized 20%); and decreased conscious level (30%), were the commonest neurological findings. Neuroradiological findings of head revealed; ischemic strokes 50 (73.5%); hemorrhagic strokes 10 (14.7%) and ischaemic- haemorrhagic lesions 8(11.8%). Conventional angiography and/or MRA revealed that at the time of admission 51 (51/68, 75%) of the cohort had non-progressive (obliterative) and 17 (17/68,25%) had evidence of progressive arteriopathy. No secondary hemorrhagic was documented among infarcts strokes, who were treated with heparin and anticoagulants. Hospital outcome was as; survivors 56 (81.5%) and deaths 12 (18.5%). 40patints discharged on long term oral aspirin, and 14 children of these were commenced also on Azathioprine and are on follow-up. The Neurological findings among 56 survivors were; normal 20%; minor disabilities 25%; moderate disabilities 20% and severe disabilities 35%. 
Conclusions and Recommendations: The spectrum of cPIS in children includes both progressive and nonprogressive forms. Characteristic features at diagnosis can be used to predict later progression, and to guide selection of patients for immunosuppressive therapy. Further studies are required to substantiate our findings.
Vulnerability of point-of-care test reagents and instruments to environmental stresses: implications for health professionals and developers
Authors: Louie Richard F. , Ferguson William J. , Curtis Corbin M. , Vy John H. , Kost Gerald J.
Published: October 2013

Strategic integration of point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tools during crisis response can accelerate triage and improve management of victims. Timely differential diagnosis is essential wherever care is provided to rule out or rule in disease, expedite life-saving treatment, and improve utilization of limited resources. POC testing needs to be accurate in any environment in which it is used. Devices are exposed to potentially adverse storage and operating conditions, such as high/low temperature and humidity during emergencies and field rescues. Therefore, characterizing environmental conditions allows technology developers, operators, and responders to understand the broad operational requirements of test reagents, instruments, and equipment in order to improve the quality and delivery of care in complex emergencies, disasters, and austere environmental settings. This review aims to describe the effects of environmental stress on POC testing performance and its impact on decision-making, to describe how to study the effects, and to summarize ways to mitigate the effects of environmental stresses through good laboratory practice, development of robust reagents, and novel thermal packaging solutions.
Comparison of two immunoassays for measurement of faecal calprotectin in detection of inflammatory bowel disease: (pre)-analytical and diagnostic performance characteristics
Authors: Oyaert Matthijs , Trouvé Charlotte , Baert Filip , De Smet Dieter , Langlois Michel , Vanpoucke Hilde
Published: October 2013

Background: Symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) can overlap. Faecal calprotectin has recently been established to be a non-invasive marker for neutrophilic intestinal inflammation. We compared two devices for extraction of faecal calprotectin. Based on these results, two immunoassays for measurement of faecal calprotectin were evaluated.

Methods: Samples were extracted using the Thermo Fisher extraction device (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and Smart Pep extraction device (Roche Diagnostics) and measured with the EliA Calprotectin immunoassay (Thermo Fisher Scientific) on ImmunoCAP 250. The performance of both assays was investigated by enrolling 183 consecutive patients (79 males, 104 females; median age 32 years) with clinical suspicion of IBD. Faecal calprotectin was measured using a recently launched immunoassay, EliA Calprotectin in comparison with an established immunochomatographic point-of-care-test (POCT, Quantum Blue Calprotectin; Bühlmann). Results were compared with endoscopic and histological findings.

Results: The use of the Thermo Fisher extraction device resulted in an underestimation of faecal calprotectin concentrations, especially in liquid stool samples. IBD was diagnosed in 51/183 patients (27.9%) [Crohn’s disease (CD, n=37), ulcerative colitis (UC, n=14)]. After adjusting the optimal cut-off for detection of IBD using receiver operating curve analysis, a sensitivity of 94.1% and 90.2% and specificity of 87.9% and 90.9% for the EliA and POCT assay, respectively, were obtained.

Conclusions: The Thermo Fisher device is not reliable for extraction of faecal calprotectin. The performance characteristics of the EliA Calprotectin assay are statistically equivalent to the Bühlmann POCT.
Placental abruption in an adolescent with liver cirrhosis and severe thrombocytopenia
Authors: Farshchi Annahita , Stohl Hindi E. , Lee Richard H.
Published: October 2013

Pregnancy in patients with cirrhosis of the liver poses significant risks to both the mother and her fetus. Little is known about the occurrence of thrombocytopenia or placental abruption in pregnant women with cirrhosis. We present an 18-year-old primigravida who was diagnosed with cirrhosis of the liver during evaluation of severe thrombocytopenia at 20 weeks’ gestation. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy confirmed large esophageal varices, and β-blocker therapy was initiated for primary prophylaxis of esophageal bleeding. She delivered via emergent cesarean section at 24 and 6/7 weeks for fetal heart rate decelerations and placental abruption. This case demonstrates how cirrhosis of the liver, especially in association with thrombocytopenia, may be associated with an increased risk for placental abruption. Hypersplenism should be considered in a pregnant woman with thrombocytopenia and leukopenia.
Para entender o Serviço Social na área sociojurídica
Authors: Borgianni Elisabete
Published: October 2013

Tendo como base as contribuições de Lukács para pensar o Direito, o artigo aborda as principais determinações do Serviço Social na área sociojurídica e discute se a melhor denominação seria "campo" ou "área" sociojurídica. Aponta ainda alguns dos desafios e possibilidades de atuação que estão postos aos assistentes sociais que trabalham nos espaços sócio‑ocupacionais próprios do universo jurídico ou que com ele têm interfaces.
Jogos de poder nas dobras do legal e do ilegal: anotações de um percurso de pesquisa
Authors: Telles Vera
Published: October 2013

O texto volta‑se para os jogos de poder que se processam justamente nas dobras do legal e ilegal, formal e informal. Se é verdade que a transitividade de pessoas, bens e mercadorias nas fronteiras incertas do legal e ilegal, formal e informal, constitui um fenômeno transversal da experiência contemporânea e está no cerne dos processos de mundialização, argumenta‑se que nem por isso a passagem de um lado a outro dessas fronteiras porosas é coisa simples. A questão que se procura trabalhar nesse texto é que esses campos de força oferecem uma via de entrada para entender o lugar e o papel do Estado nos ordenamentos sociais, pondo em foco os modos de operação das forças da lei e da ordem em contextos situados, sob a perspectiva do que alguns autores vêm propondo nos termos de uma "antropologia do Estado".
Serviço Social e Ministério Público: aproximações mediadas pela defesa e garantia de direitos humanos
Authors: Tejadas Silvia da Silva
Published: October 2013

Este artigo aborda a emergência do Ministério Público na esfera pública, balizado pela missão, ainda em disputa na instituição, de defesa do regime democrático e dos direitos humanos. A inserção do Serviço Social na Instituição é atravessada pelas contradições que a permeiam e compartilha de propósitos convergentes à sua missão, dado o projeto ético‑político‑profissional. Apresenta potencial para contribuir no diálogo com os movimentos sociais e conselhos de direitos, bem como no fomento e na fiscalização das políticas públicas, fundamentado em um ideário emancipatório.
O Serviço Social no Judiciário: construções e desafios com base na realidade paulista
Authors: Fávero Eunice Teresinha
Published: October 2013

Este artigo apresenta algumas construções históricas e importantes desafios colocados ao Serviço Social no Judiciário. Para isso, toma como base o cotidiano profissional no Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo, particularidades teórico‑metodológicas e éticas que se fazem presentes no exercício profissional nessa área, e movimentos políticos da categoria em direção ao acesso e à garantia de direitos.
Lutas Sociais e Direitos Humanos da criança e do adolescente: uma necessária articulação
Authors: Fuziwara Aurea Satomi
Published: October 2013

Este artigo problematiza os direitos humanos da criança e do adolescente, com fundamento na teoria crítica, abordando a sua construção histórica e os processos políticos em que se inserem. Problematizando dados sobre a situação da infância, reflete criticamente sobre o uso do discurso em torno da defesa de direitos.
Pedagogia crítica e Direitos Humanos: fundamentos para uma proposta pedagógico-crítica em Direitos Humanos
Authors: Carvalho Maria Elizete Guimarães , Estêvão Carlos Alberto Vilar
Published: October 2013

Este artigo reflete sobre a necessidade de encontrar uma teoria pedagógica que ofereça sustentação à ação educativa em Direitos Humanos, apresentando uma proposta pedagógico-crítica alicerçada nos pressupostos da teoria e da pedagogia críticas, privilegiando a pedagogia freireana, numa perspectiva atualizada para os Direitos Humanos. Nesse sentido, o trabalho tem o propósito de discutir um fundamento teórico-crítico para a Educação em Direitos Humanos, buscando novas formas de investigação e de análise para sua compreensão, apropriando-se de conceitos críticos como conscientização, autonomia, diálogo e emancipação. Finalmente, considera que uma prática pedagógica crítica em Direitos Humanos contribui para a leitura do mundo do excluído, para sua inclusão na sociedade e para a compreensão de que é possível desconstruir relações e práticas sociais injustas.
Democratizar a escola através do currículo: em busca de uma nova utopia...
Authors: Morgado José Carlos
Published: October 2013

Partindo da ideia de que é muito difícil construir uma escola inclusiva no seio de uma sociedade de progresso e abundância, mas onde pululam desigualdades, se acentua a precarização da juventude e proliferam casos de exclusão, importa questionar até que ponto a escola, conjugando o melhor do passado com as mudanças do presente e os avanços do futuro, poderá contribuir para inverter esta situação. Tal ensejo obriga-nos a repensar a missão social da escola e a pugnar para que o currículo, que aí se desenvolve, se assuma como um espaço coletivo de compromissos, um estímulo à participação, uma oportunidade de reflexão e uma forma de desenvolver uma verdadeira educação moral, onde os valores se assumam como eixos estruturantes de uma sociedade mais justa, mais solidária e mais democrática. Os professores assumem, neste processo, responsabilidades acrescidas, já que das suas capacidades intelectuais e das virtudes do seu carácter depende, em muito, da excelência do ato pedagógico. É, pois, em torno destes pressupostos que pretendo, ao longo deste texto, interpelar a escola e o currículo em busca de uma nova utopia.
Os aspectos metodológicos da prática pedagógica no 1º ano do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Silva Thalita Folmann da , Portilho Evelise Maria Labatut
Published: October 2013

A partir de 2010, em todas as escolas brasileiras o Ensino Fundamental de nove anos foi efetivado. Com a ampliação do ensino percebeu-se a necessidade de analisar a percepção e a atuação dos professores de 1º ano em relação a ampliação do ensino fundamental de nove anos, em duas escolas do município de Curitiba/Paraná, com ênfase nos aspectos metodológicos e relacionais de sala de aula. Os participantes deste estudo foram quatro professoras, duas da rede privada e duas da rede pública. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com as professoras, Diários das Professoras, Diário da Pesquisadora e Protocolo de Observação. Dentre os autores que contribuíram para a análise dos dados, estão Zabalza (2004), Pozo (2002), Freire (1996), Arroyo (2004), Claxton (2005), Soares (2007), entre outros. Durante a investigação foi possível perceber a preocupação governamental em oferecer subsídios teóricos e metodológicos para a ação docente. Entretanto, verificou-se que há muitos desafios em relação ao 1º ano do Ensino Fundamental, especialmente no tocante a prática pedagógica no processo de alfabetização/letramento. Para que um ensino seja significativo no ambiente formal de aprendizagem que é a escola, a prática pedagógica precisa estar de acordo com as características e necessidades das crianças, bem como pautada em concepções que favoreçam o desenvolvimento e a aprendizagem infantil, e possam influenciar as experiências posteriores dos aprendizes.
Ensino Fundamental: das competências para ensinar às competências para aprender
Authors: Mourão Luciana , Esteves Vera Vergara
Published: October 2013

Este artigo apresenta um ensaio teórico que procura relacionar as competências demandadas pelos parâmetros curriculares para as séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental às competências exigidas aos professores para alcançar esses objetivos pelos alunos. Tal relação é necessária, uma vez que a bibliografia sobre a formação do professor das séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental vem apontando, durante anos, uma série de deficiências nessa formação. A partir de dados dos censos escolares, testes de desempenho escolar e de uma revisão da literatura na área, pretendemos ligar duas faces de um mesmo problema: o nível de competência alcançada pelo aluno e a competência do professor no conteúdo que ensina. Examinamos esses dois aspectos na esperança de contribuir para a discussão sobre a política que orienta a avaliação do desempenho dos alunos e, paralelamente, discutir a competência do professor responsável por esse desempenho, sugerindo medidas capazes de equacionar e, paulatinamente, encontrar caminhos para a otimização do desempenho do alunado das séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental.
Políticas de avaliação do ensino naval
Authors: Aguiar Natália Morais Corrêa Borges de , Lins Maria Judith Sucupira da Costa
Published: October 2013

O presente artigo trata de um estudo de caso referente à avaliação do ensino naval e analisa contribuições de uma experiência de avaliação institucional na Marinha do Brasil. São analisadas as contribuições da Metodologia de Avaliação do Sistema de Ensino Naval, numa perspectiva comparativa dos resultados alcançados em três anos de sua implementação no Centro de Instituição Almirante Sylvio de Camargo (CIASC). A pesquisa analisa a avaliação institucional e os conceitos de meta-avaliação e de "cultura de avaliação" e sua fundamentação teórica são estudos de Penna Firme e Letichevsky (2002), Dias Sobrinho (2000) e Ristoff (1996, 2000). A partir das análises feitas, concluímos que a qualidade do ensino naval tem melhorado com o alcance progressivo de pontuações mais elevadas e verificamos que reuniões para discussão dos assuntos referentes à avaliação tornaram-se mais frequentes na organização de ensino, nas quais foram estabelecidas metas para a melhoria contínua em busca da excelência. Esta pesquisa abre caminhos para a construção de novos modelos de avaliação institucional, adaptados às distintas realidades acadêmicas.
Educação escolar hospitalar: o que mostram as pesquisas?
Authors: Saldanha Gilda Maria Maia Martins , Simões Regina Rovigati
Published: October 2013

O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer a evolução e as principais abordagens sobre a educação escolar hospitalar, retratadas em artigos científicos postados on-line, nos últimos quinze anos (1996 a 2010). A metodologia, do tipo estado da arte, encontrou 82 artigos nas bases de dados eletrônicos (Scielo e Google Acadêmico), interpretados pela Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados foram organizados em cinco categorias: Concepções e significados (25,61%); Relação educação e saúde (15,85%); Práticas pedagógicas e configuração didático-curricular (23,17%); Aspectos históricos, organizacionais e legais (13,42%) e Formação de professores (21,95%), mostrando a necessidade de maior número de investigações sobre a formação de professores, as vivências dos alunos em tratamento de saúde na escola regular, o processo de reinserção escolar e as práticas pedagógicas com enfoque na didática e no currículo. Apontaram ainda a urgente ampliação de políticas públicas que concorram para uma melhor legitimidade da escolarização de crianças em tratamento de saúde. Os achados contribuíram para a compreensão de como esse tipo de educação vem sendo desenvolvido nas diversas regiões do país, por meio das vozes de professores, alunos, pais e pesquisadores de hospitais e universidades.
Uma revisão sistemática de comportamentos pré-linguísticos e primeiros comportamentos linguísticos em crianças cegas congênitas
Authors: Sella Ana Carolina , Chiodelli Taís , Mendes Camila de Almeida
Published: October 2013

A ausência do desenvolvimento da linguagem pode resultar em diversos problemas. Uma população a qual pode ser bastante afetada por déficits de linguagem é a população nascida cega. O objetivo desta revisão sistemática da literatura foi compilar estudos empíricos que tiveram por alvo descrever e/ou avaliar o desenvolvimento de comportamentos pré-linguísticos e linguísticos iniciais em crianças cegas congênitas. Foram encontrados 19 estudos que possuíam todos os critérios definidos para esta revisão bibliográfica. Os 19 estudos foram analisados em relação: a) a quais bases de dados e periódicos publicaram e arquivam tais artigos; b) ao número de estudos envolvendo: primeiras palavras, alcançar e buscar objetos, atenção conjunta, e outros comportamentos linguísticos; à presença ou ausência de definições operacionais dos comportamentos-alvo; d) aos objetivos dos estudos. Os estudos foram publicados em 11 periódicos diferentes. A maior parte dos estudos tinha como foco as primeiras palavras dos participantes. Em relação às definições operacionais, 15 estudos possuíam alguma informação acerca de tal definição. O presente artigo sintetiza diversos estudos que abordam o desenvolvimento da linguagem em crianças cegas congênitas e pode ser utilizado como um guia para pesquisas futuras na área.
Diálogos sobre a noção de vítima e construção da identidade
Authors: Azevedo Letícia Rodrigues de
Published: October 2013

Este ensaio surge da necessidade de se problematizar a noção de vítima perante a emergência do uso deste termo nas últimas décadas, como identificador de sujeitos e experiências. Em plena realização de um projeto de pesquisa que trata da vitimização pelo sequestro relâmpago e suas repercussões à saúde das vítimas, nos deparamos com a necessidade de discutir o uso deste termo e outras questões imbricadas: "seria esse um atributo identitário vitalício?", "qual o peso que a vitimização tem na vida das pessoas?", entre outras. Nesse tocante, propomos este texto para problematizar a noção de vítima, discutindo-a como um traço identitário, na intenção de estimular possíveis reflexões sobre o tema.
Femicídios: narrativas de crimes de gênero
Authors: Meneghel Stela Nazareth , Ceccon Roger Flores , Hesler Lilian Zielke , Margarites Ane Freitas , Rosa Stefania , Vasconcelos Valmir Dorn
Published: October 2013

Femicídios são mortes violentas de mulheres, decorrentes do exercício de poder entre homens e mulheres. Este é um estudo qualitativo que utilizou a ferramenta das narrativas para analisar inquéritos policiais de homicídios femininos em Porto Alegre nos anos de 2006 a 2010. Foram estudados 92 inquéritos da Delegacia de Homicídios de Porto Alegre, dos quais selecionamos seis casos considerados representativos de: femicídio íntimo; femicídio com abuso sexual; morte por execução ou conexão, e femicídio de profissional do sexo. Observou-se a presença de crimes de gênero caracterizados pela crueldade, semelhantes aos encontrados em regiões de elevada violência e misoginia. O trabalho procura visibilizar os femicídios como crimes de natureza política, e objetiva denunciar essas mortes evitáveis, cujas vítimas são, em sua maioria, mulheres: jovens, negras, profissionais do sexo e moradoras de territórios marcados pelo tráfico e pela pobreza.
Impacto de la visita domiciliaria familiar en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes de medicina en el área de Pediatría Social
Authors: Cárdenas Leonor Angélica Galindo , Kambourova Miglena , Arango Liliana Zuliani , Peña María Eugenia Villegas
Published: October 2013

Este artículo reporta resultados de una investigación realizada con estudiantes de pregrado de Medicina de la Universidad de Antioquia para evaluar el impacto de la visita domiciliaria familiar la cual favorece los procesos de formación integral a partir de aprendizajes significativos. La investigación fue cualitativa-interpretativa, estudio de caso, de sistematización y con instrumentos: entrevistas, encuestas, grupos focales, análisis de documentos, observación participante (2006-2011). Los hallazgos demostraron que cuando la consulta medica se complementa con la visita domiciliaria familiar, los estudiantes se sensibilizan, se motivan más y se activa su predisposición de aprender significativamente. Además se evidenció que la visita domiciliaria familiar tiene eslabones de estrategia didáctica activa que al trabajarla intencionadamente impacta el perfil humanístico-social de los estudiantes como futuros profesionales del área de salud. Su aplicación es pertinente para la enseñanza de la pediatría social y de la medicina general.
composições... palavras... imagens... costuras...
Authors: Castro Eliane Dias de , Isoda Nara Mitiru de Tani , Duarte Renan Tobias , Galheigo Sandra Maria , Almeida Eduardo Augusto Alves de
Published: October 2013

Este exercício de composição é construído com: textos, tecidos, linhas, alfinetes, tesouras, livros e site de artistas, fotografias, programas de editoração, e uma conexão entre os participantes deste trabalho. Elementos que dão forma ao processo de criação gerado nos encontros para mobilização de desejos e ideias, experimentações e produção de audiovisual para apresentação do texto de fechamento do XV Congress of the World Federation of Occupational Therapists, realizado no ano de 2010, no Chile.
El ABP y el diagrama heurístico como herramientas para desarrollar la argumentación escolar en las asignaturas de ciencias
Authors: Pérez Campillo Yosajandi , Chamizo Guerrero José Antonio
Published: October 2013

En los últimos años se ha reconocido la importancia de la argumentación escolar en las asignaturas de ciencias, siendo el modelo de argumentación de Toulmin uno de los más aceptados. En la presente investigación, enmarcada en el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas, (ABP) sobre el tema de minerales con alumnos de química del bachillerato mexicano, se introduce una nueva herramienta denominada Diagrama Heurístico que facilita adquirir la competencia argumentativa.
Narrativas e desenhos (imagens) no ensino fundamental com temas geocientíficos
Authors: Compiani Maurício
Published: October 2013

O artigo discute narrativas e desenhos no ensino de temas geocientíficos nos resultados de dois projetos de formação continuada no Ensino Fundamental. O foco é nas atividades desenvolvidas por professoras de Português, Geografia e Artes que trabalharam interessantes articulações entre observação-leitura, com elaboração de textos/narrativas, descrições/narrativas, representações visuais e visoverbais (desenhos) de objetos ou eventos geocientíficos. O modo histórico de explicação do mundo pela Geologia/Geociências abre um leque de práticas de ensino-aprendizagem pouco usuais no Ensino Fundamental. Práticas que constituem as explicações escolares geocientíficas, lidando com a imagem, a percepção e a síntese nas suas inter-relações em como os objetos e espaços são significados e construídos conjugadamente com os raciocínios de causalidade e as narrativas históricas. Uma das ideias é mostrar que, na elaboração de conceitos mais generalizantes e histórico-espaciais, os processos de construção de conhecimentos são contínuos e descontínuos entre contextualização e descontextualização, síntese e análise.
Hope, Quality of Life, and Benefit From Treatment in Women Having Chemotherapy for Platinum-Resistant/Refractory Recurrent Ovarian Cancer: The Gynecologic Cancer Intergroup Symptom Benefit Study
Authors: Sjoquist Katrin M. , Friedlander Michael L. , O'Connell Rachel L. , Voysey Merryn , King Madeleine T. , Stockler Martin R. , Oza Amit M. , Gillies Kim , Martyn Julie K. , Butow Phyllis N.
Published: October 2013

Learning Objectives

Explain the connection between depression and unrealistic expectations of the benefits of palliative therapy. Distinguish the trait of general hopefulness from hope for a specific favorable outcome.
Treatment of Dexamethasone-Induced Hiccup in Chemotherapy Patients by Methylprednisolone Rotation
Authors: Lee Gyeong-Won , Oh Sung Yong , Kang Myoung Hee , Kang Jung Hun , Park Se Hoon , Hwang In Gyu , Yi Seong Yoon , Choi Young Jin , Ji Jun Ho , Lee Ha Yeon , Bruera Eduardo
Published: October 2013

Background.

Dexamethasone-induced hiccup (DIH) is an underrecognized symptom in patients with cancer, and little information is available about its treatment. The aims of this study were to investigate the feasibility of methylprednisolone rotation as treatment and to confirm the male predominance among those with cancer who experienced DIH during chemotherapy.

Methods.

Persons with cancer who experienced hiccups during chemotherapy treatment and who were receiving treatment with dexamethasone were presumed to have DIH. The following algorithmic practice was implemented for antiemetic corticosteroid use: rotation from dexamethasone to methylprednisolone in the next cycle and dexamethasone re-administration in the second cycle of chemotherapy after recognition of hiccups to confirm DIH. All other antiemetics except corticosteroid remained unchanged. Patients (n = 40) were recruited from eight cancer centers in Korea from September 2012 to April 2013. Data were collected retrospectively.

Results.

Hiccup intensity (numeric rating scale [NRS]: 5.38 vs. 0.53) and duration (68.44 minutes vs. 1.79 minutes) were significantly decreased after rotation to methylprednisolone, while intensity of emesis was not increased (NRS: 2.63 vs. 2.08). Median dose of dexamethasone and methylprednisolone were 10 mg and 50 mg, respectively. Thirty-four (85%) of 40 patients showed complete resolution of hiccups after methylprednisolone rotation in the next cycle. Of these 34 patients, 25 (73.5%) had recurrence of hiccups after dexamethasone re-administration. Compared with baseline values, hiccup intensity (NRS: 5.24 vs. 2.44) and duration (66.43 minutes vs. 22.00 minutes) were significantly attenuated after dexamethasone re-administration. Of the 40 eligible patients, 38 (95%) were male.

Conclusion.

DIH during chemotherapy could be controlled without losing antiemetic potential by replacing dexamethasone with methylprednisolone. We also identified a male predominance of DIH. Further prospective studies are warranted.
The Prevalence of Four Types of Childhood Maltreatment in Denmark
Authors: Christoffersen Mogens N , Armour Cherie , Lasgaard Mathias , Andersen Tonny E , Elklit Ask
Published: October 2013

Objectives:

To estimate the prevalence of four types of childhood maltreatment in Denmark while taking into considerations how each of the types of maltreatment vary as a function of gender or child-protection status.

Methods:

Data were collected from a Danish national study conducted by The Danish National Centre for Social Research in 2008 and 2009. The study used a stratified random probability sample of young people aged 24 years. A sample of 4718 young adults were randomly selected by Statistics Denmark using the total birth cohort of all children born in 1984. The response rate was 63% leaving a total effective sample size of 2980. A structured residential or telephone interview enquired about a range of respondents maltreatment experiences.

Results:

Maltreatment is experienced by a significant proportion of Danish children. The reported prevalence rates were; physical neglect (3.0%), emotional abuse (5.2%), physical abuse (5.4%) and sexual abuse (3.4%). All trauma types were experienced by a greater percentage of females compared to males with the exception of physical abuse and all trauma types were experienced by a greater percentage of children given child-protection status.

Conclusions:

Female children and children who are given child protection status are those most at risk for experiencing maltreatment in Denmark. However, variability in prevalence rates of maltreatment across studies is problematic. Methodological variations and variation in abuse definitions may be partly attributable.
Ordinal ultrafilters versus P-hierarchy
Authors: Starosolski Andrzej
Published: October 2013

An earlier paper [Starosolski A., P-hierarchy on βω, J. Symbolic Logic, 2008, 73(4), 1202–1214] investigated the relations between ordinal ultrafilters and the so-called P-hierarchy. The present paper focuses on the aspects of characterization of classes of ultrafilters of finite index, existence, generic existence and the Rudin-Keisler-order.
Approximation of solutions to second order nonlinear Picard problems with Carathéodory right-hand side
Authors: Gulgowski Jacek
Published: October 2013

We present an approximation method for Picard second order boundary value problems with Carathéodory righthand side. The method is based on the idea of replacing a measurable function in the right-hand side of the problem with its Kantorovich polynomial. We will show that this approximation scheme recovers essential solutions to the original BVP. We also consider the corresponding finite dimensional problem. We suggest a suitable mapping of solutions to finite dimensional problems to piecewise constant functions so that the later approximate a solution to the original BVP. That is why the presented idea may be used in numerical computations.
High-resolution bed topography mapping of Russell Glacier, Greenland, inferred from Operation IceBridge data
Authors: Morlighem M. , Rignot E. , Mouginot J. , Wu X. , Seroussi H. , Larour E. , Paden J.
Published: October 2013

Detailed maps of bed elevation and ice thickness are essential for understanding and projecting the evolution of the ice sheets. Such maps are traditionally obtained using airborne radar-sounding profiler data interpolated onto regular grids using geostatistical tools such as kriging. Here we compare three mapping techniques applied to a dense radar survey of Russell Glacier, West Greenland, by NASA Operation IceBridge: (1) radar tomography (RT) processing of the radar data to map the bed elevation, (2) interpolation of radar-derived thickness by ordinary kriging (KR) and (3) reconstruction of ice thickness based on the principles of mass conservation (MC) combining radar-sounding profiler and ice motion data. RT eliminates ambiguities caused by off-nadir reflections, but is spatially limited. KR yields a standard error in bed elevation of 35 m, but large errors (>300 m a−1) in flux divergence when combined with ice motion data. MC yields a comparable performance in bed elevation mapping, and errors smaller than 1 m a−1in flux divergence. When the number of radar-sounding tracks is reduced, the performance of KR decreases more rapidly than for MC. Our study site shows that MC is capable of maintaining precision levels of 60 m at 400 m posting with flight tracks separated by 5 km.
Linear Stability of a Thin Film Flowing Down an Uneven Incline
Authors: Jasmine HA
Published: October 2013

The linear stability of a thin film of viscous fluid falling down an uneven inclined heated wall is examined. Long wave theory developed by Benny [1] is employed. It is demonstrated that Marangoni effect makes the flow unstable when either the inclination is quite steep or when the bottom undulations are sufficiently short. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/rujs.v38i0.16546 Rajshahi University J. of Sci. 38, 25-39 (2010)
Stability of Radial Flow Subjected to a Radial Magnetic Field
Authors: Jasmine HA
Published: October 2013

The linear stability of radial flow of a viscous fluid in the presence of a radial magnetic field is investigated. Basic velocity field q0 = (c/r,0,W) and magnetic field B0= (A/r,0,0) are considered in an annulus between two concentric cylinders. To analyze hydro-magnetic stability, inner product method is employed. The stability condition derived is found to remain valid even when the local velocity is not entirely radial, and that the magnetic field exerts a stabilizing effect on the flow. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/rujs.v38i0.16547 Rajshahi University J. of Sci. 38, 41-48 (2010)
Numerical Method in Two Dimensional Boundary Layer Theory for Incompressible Viscous Fluid
Authors: Haque MA
Published: October 2013

In this paper laminar flow of incompressible viscous fluid has been considered. Here two numerical methods for solving boundary layer equation have been discussed; (i) Keller Box scheme, (ii) Shooting Method. In Shooting Method, the boundary value problem has been converted into an equivalent initial value problem. Finally the Runge-Kutta method is used to solve the initial value problem. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/rujs.v38i0.16549 Rajshahi University J. of Sci. 38, 61-73 (2010)
Post-Irradiation Ageing Effect on Cytological Characters of Crotalaria Saltiana
Authors: Shah ABS , Akhter A , Naz A , Ud-Deen MM , Kabir G
Published: October 2013

Post-irradiation ageing effect on different cytological characters of Crotalaria saltiana were studied. Mitotic index followed no decreasing or increasing tendency based on the doses of gamma rays. Interphase chromosome volume was not found to increase with an increase of gamma rays. Percentage of pollen sterility was found to be lower in the lower doses and higher in the higher doses. Irregularities such as, formation of fragments, bridges, laggards, single and multiple chromatid bridges, unequal distribution and abnormal nuclear arrangement were recorded. This study reflects that irradiated seeds of Crotalaria saltiana showed no such dose wise effect and that might be due to ageing effect for long time. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/rujs.v38i0.16551 Rajshahi University J. of Sci. 38, 87-95 (2010)