bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Health Outcomes Among Transition-Age Autistic Youth
Authors: Song Wei , McLean Kiley J. , Gifford Jordan , Kissner Hailey , Sipe Rosalind
Published: May 2024

Background

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with poor health outcomes in the general population. However, their impact on autistic youth remains unclear.

Objective

The primary objective was to understand how childhood adversity is related to the general health, mental health, and physical health of transition-age autistic youth.

Participants and Setting

Using data from the 2018–2021 National Survey of Children’s Health, this cross-sectional study involved 2056 autistic youth aged 12–17.

Methods

Logistic regression was employed to test the association between three measures of ACEs - individual ACEs, cumulative ACEs, and grouped ACEs based on contexts, and health outcomes of autistic youth.

Results

Our study observed a high prevalence of ACEs among autistic youth, with a substantially higher proportion experiencing multiple ACEs than their neurotypical peers. Individual ACEs were significantly associated with specific health issues. Cumulative ACEs demonstrated a clear dose-response relationship with health outcomes, with higher ACE counts increasing the likelihood of experiencing poor general health, mental health conditions, and physical health issues. Moreover, grouped ACEs associated with health differently, with community-based ACEs being particularly linked to general health status, mental health conditions, and physical health conditions, while family-based ACEs correlated more with more severe mental health conditions and being overweight.

Conclusion

These findings collectively emphasize the importance of addressing ACEs as a public health concern among transition-age autistic youth, highlighting the need for targeted interventions, prevention strategies, and support services to mitigate the negative impact of ACEs on the overall well-being of this growing community.
Detector Development for the CRESST Experiment
Authors: Angloher G. , Banik S. , Benato G. , Bento A. , Bertolini A. , Breier R. , Bucci C. , Burkhart J. , Canonica L. , D’Addabbo A. , Di Lorenzo S. , Einfalt L. , Erb A. , Feilitzsch F. V. , Fichtinger S. , Fuchs D. , Garai A. , Ghete V. M. , Gorla P. , Guillaumon P. V. , Gupta S. , Hauff D. , Ješkovský M. , Jochum J. , Kaznacheeva M. , Kinast A. , Kluck H. , Kraus H. , Kuckuk S. , Langenkämper A. , Mancuso M. , Marini L. , Mauri B. , Meyer L. , Mokina V. , Olmi M. , Ortmann T. , Pagliarone C. , Pattavina L. , Petricca F. , Potzel W. , Povinec P. , Pröbst F. , Pucci F. , Reindl F. , Rothe J. , Schäffner K. , Schieck J. , Schönert S. , Schwertner C. , Stahlberg M. , Stodolsky L. , Strandhagen C. , Strauss R. , Usherov I. , Wagner F. , Willers M. , Zema V.
Published: May 2024

Recently low-mass dark matter direct searches have been hindered by a low-energy background, drastically reducing the physics reach of the experiments. In the CRESST-III experiment, this signal is characterised by a significant increase of events below 200 eV. As the origin of this background is still unknown, it became necessary to develop new detector designs to reach a better understanding of the observations. Within the CRESST collaboration, three new different detector layouts have been developed, and they are presented in this contribution.
Time Reparametrization and Event Location for Discontinuous Differential Algebraic Equations
Authors: Lopez L. , Maset S.
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we consider numerical methods for the event location of differential algebraic equations. The event corresponds to cross a discontinuity surface, beyond which another differential algebraic equation holds. The methods are based on a particular change of the independent variable time, called time reparametrization or time transformation, reducing the equation to another equation where the event time is known in advance. From a numerical point of view, these methods never cross the discontinuity surface and reach it in a fixed number of steps. The methods works also for differential algebraic equations of index higher than one.
Agmatine ligand functionalized magnetic alginate beads for removal of U(VI) ions from solution
Authors: Bayramoglu Gulay , Arica Mehmet Yakup
Published: May 2024

In the presented work, magnetic alginate (MA) beads were prepared and activated with epichlorohydrin and then functionalized with agmatine ligands (MA-A). The materials were analyzed by FTIR, SEM, XRD, and BET methods. The adsorption capacity of the MA-A for U(VI) was 451.4 mg/g. The Langmuir isotherm model well described the experimental data for the adsorption of U(VI) ions. The second-order kinetic model data proposed that the adsorption of U(VI) ions preferred the chemisorption mechanism. The adsorption enthalpy of the MA-A beads for U(VI) ions was 35.4 kJ/mol. After seven cycles of use, the adsorption capacity of MA-A beads was not significantly changed for U(VI) ions. Finally, the functionalization of MA beads with agmatine ligand can be a good candidate for applications for environmental technologies to remove metal ions.
Workshop report - interdisciplinary metabolomic epidemiology: the pathway to clinical translation
Authors: Zanetti Krista A. , Guo Lining , Husain Deeba , Kelly Rachel S. , Lasky-Su Jessica , Broadhurst David , Wheelock Craig E.
Published: May 2024

Metabolomic epidemiology studies are complex and require a broad array of domain expertise. Although many metabolite-phenotype associations have been identified; to date, few findings have been translated to the clinic. Bridging this gap requires understanding of both the underlying biology of these associations and their potential clinical implications, necessitating an interdisciplinary team approach. To address this need in metabolomic epidemiology, a workshop was held at Metabolomics 2023 in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada that highlighted the domain expertise needed to effectively conduct these studies -- biochemistry, clinical science, epidemiology, and assay development for biomarker validation -- and emphasized the role of interdisciplinary teams to move findings towards clinical translation.
NMR and LC–MS-based metabolomics to investigate the efficacy of a commercial bio stimulant for the treatment of wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Hamade Kamar , Fliniaux Ophelie , Fontaine Jean-Xavier , Molinié Roland , Petit Laurent , Mathiron David , Sarazin Vivien , Mesnard Francois
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Bio stimulants are substances and/or microorganisms that are used to improve plant growth and crop yields by modulating physiological processes and metabolism of plants. While research has primarily focused on the broad effects of bio stimulants in crops, understanding their cellular and molecular influences in plants, using metabolomic analysis, could elucidate their effectiveness and offer possibilities for fine-tuning their application. One such bio stimulant containing galacturonic acid as elicitor is used in agriculture to improve wheat vigor and strengthen resistance to lodging.

Objective

However, whether a metabolic response is evolved by plants treated with this bio stimulant and the manner in which the latter might regulate plant metabolism have not been studied.

Method

Therefore, the present study used 1H-NMR and LC–MS to assess changes in primary and secondary metabolites in the roots, stems, and leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum) treated with the bio stimulant. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis effectively distinguished between treated and control samples, confirming a metabolic response to treatment in the roots, stems, and leaves of wheat.

Results

Fold-change analysis indicated that treatment with the bio stimulation solution appeared to increase the levels of hydroxycinnamic acid amides, lignin, and flavonoid metabolism in different plant parts, potentially promoting root growth, implantation, and developmental cell wall maturation and lignification.

Conclusion

These results demonstrate how non-targeted metabolomic approaches can be utilized to investigate and monitor the effects of new agroecological solutions based on systemic responses.
Environmental fate and safety analysis of methoxyfenozide application to control litchi and longan pests
Authors: Liu Yanping , Wang Xiaonan , Wang Siwei
Published: May 2024

Litchi and longan pests significantly affect crop yield and quality. Chemical prevention and control are very effective for production; therefore, it is crucial to study fate assessment and appropriate field efficacy before pesticide application on crops to appropriately assess the health and ecological risks linked with these agents. This study conducted Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) field trials and laboratory experiments to elucidate the dissipation, terminal residues, and efficacy of methoxyfenozide on litchi and longan in six locations throughout China. To detect methoxyfenozide residues on litchi and longan, a QuEChERS/UPLC-MS/MS-based method was designed. The initial methoxyfenozide levels in litchi and longan ranged from 2.21–2.86 to 0.83–0.95 mg kg−1 and indicated half-lives of 5.1–5.3 and 5.3–5.7 days, respectively. After 7 days of foliage treatment, the concentrations of terminal methoxyfenozide residue were 0.78–2.61 and 0.02–1.01 mg kg−1, which were less than the established maximum residue limit for methoxyfenozide in litchi and longan. The chronic (acceptable daily intake = 0.0055–0.0331%) dietary intake risk analysis for methoxyfenozide in longan and litchi indicated acceptable concentrations of terminal residue for the general population. Methoxyfenozide in litchi and longan was readily degraded in first-order kinetics models, the degradation rate on longan was higher than that on litchi, and their dietary risks were negligible to consumers. Two hundred forty grams per liter of methoxyfenozide suspension concentrate (SC) represents a highly efficacious insecticidal dose to control litchi and longan pests and indicates a significant application potential as it is rapidly degraded and linked with reduced post-treatment residue levels.
Need for formalized robotic training and curriculum in obstetrics and gynecology residency: an examination of current resident outlooks and perspectives
Authors: Adkoli Anusha , Eng Samanatha , Stephenson Ruth
Published: May 2024

The objectives of this study were to evaluate current robotic surgery training methodologies for ACGME-accredited obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) residency programs, better understand current resident perspectives, and explore potential areas for improvement within resident education. A cross-sectional study was done of ACGME-accredited OB/GYN residents in the 2023–2024 academic year. The study was done on a national setting via web-based survey. 75 surveys were included. The study was conducted via a 33-question survey study using a mixture of multiple choice, multiple answer, and Likert scale questions. Participants noted that 98.7% of their institutions perform robotic surgery and 90.7% have access to robotic console trainers. Outside of the operating room, slightly more than half of participants (57.3%) have formalized robotics training curriculums. A variety of training modalities were noted to be utilized by residents with the most helpful being hands-on training (67.7%) followed by dual-assist console (45.6%). The least helpful was noted to be online modules (58.7%). Most residents either strongly agree (45.3%) or agree (36.0%) that standardized robotics curriculums should be implemented for all OB/GYN residency programs. The largest barriers to completion of this training were noted to be attending comfort with resident participation in the case (74.0%), personal time (58.9%), and availability or access to trainers (42.5%). A formalized and standardized robotic training curriculum should be considered for OB/GYN residents with a multi-modal model utilizing a combination of training modalities as well as dedicated didactic hours.
Clark Measures on Polydiscs Associated to Product Functions and Multiplicative Embeddings
Authors: Jacobsson Nell P.
Published: May 2024

We study Clark measures on the unit polydisc, giving an overview of recent research and investigating the Clark measures of some new examples of multivariate inner functions. In particular, we study the relationship between Clark measures and multiplication; first by introducing compositions of inner functions and multiplicative embeddings, and then by studying products of one-variable inner functions.
Teaching of manual cataract extraction in ophthalmic surgical training programmes
Authors: McCreery Alexandra , O’Regan Amy , Horgan Noel
Published: May 2024

Background

Manual cataract extraction techniques such as extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) or manual small incision cataract (MSICS) surgery have been replaced by phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Surgical training opportunities for manual techniques of cataract extraction are limited in modern surgical training programmes.

Aims

This study evaluated the current trends of ECCE/MSICS training opportunities amongst trainees and trainers in the Irish Ophthalmic Surgical Training Program.

Methods

An electronic survey was distributed to all ophthalmic surgical trainees and consultants in the country. It addressed the experience and exposure to ECCE/MSICS.

Results

Nineteen of 33 (57%) trainees and 29 of 55 (55%) of consultants completed the survey. Twelve of 19 (63%) trainees viewed an ECCE procedure performed live. Twenty-seven of 29 (93%) consultants performed an ECCE procedure during their surgical career; 8 of 27 (30%) performed an ECCE within the last 1–3 years. Fourteen of 19 (74%) trainees stated they do not feel confident converting from phacoemulsification to ECCE independently. Sixteen of 19 (89%) trainees believe manual cataract extraction training should be included in their surgical training. Nineteen of 29 (65%) consultants believe training in manual cataract extraction should be part of the surgical training programme.

Conclusions

There is a paucity of manual cataract extraction being performed in Ireland, limiting live surgical training in this technique. This survey highlights the limited experience of trainees in this valuable skill that is occasionally required for a successful surgical outcome. The authors conclude that wet laboratory simulated training of manual cataract extraction will bridge this gap.
A retrospective analysis of the clinicopathological features and prognostic value of MAPK12 protein expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Liu Yue , Zhang Han , Zhao Shu , Zhang Yue
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 (MAPK12), also known as p38γ, is a member of the p38 MAPK family and plays a crucial role in tumor occurrence and invasion. However, there is still uncertainty regarding MAPK12 involvement in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

Methods

Our study investigated the expression of MAPK12 mRNA in various types of cancer using bioinformatic analysis. Furthermore, we performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect the expression of MAPK12 in patients with DLBCL and compared clinical indicators and survival rates.

Results

We found that the high expression rate of MAPK12 was 43.1% in DLBCL patients. Several clinical indicators, including IPI scores, Hans classifications, LDH levels, and Ki-67 expression were closely associated with MAPK12 expression. Survival analysis revealed that higher expression of MAPK12 was significantly correlated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in DLBCL patients. In addition, both univariate and multivariate analyses revealed IPI score, MAPK12 expression, and rituximab use as the independent OS risk factors (P < 0.05). To explore the functional role of MAPK12 in DLBCL, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and gene ontology (GO) were used to confirm the involvement of MAPK12 in the regulation of type II interferon production, positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation, and other related biological processes.

Conclusion

DLBCL patients have poor prognoses when MAPK12 levels are high, which is expected to be a therapeutic target and prognostic factor.
Predicting the use of chatbot systems in education: a comparative approach using PLS-SEM and machine learning algorithms
Authors: Yildiz Durak Hatice , Onan Aytuğ
Published: May 2024

Adopting innovations in educational practice is a challenging task. In order to promote the use of technological innovations, acceptance of the technology by potential users is a prerequisite. Indeed, understanding the various factors that influence technology acceptance is critical for technology acceptance research. The use and acceptance of chatbots in education as a technological innovation is a topic that needs to be investigated. Chatbots, which offer close to human interaction between the user and technology through text and voice, can provide significant benefits in educational environments. The UTAUT2 model (extending UTAUT), which is widely used to evaluate technology acceptance, can serve as a framework for evaluating the acceptance and use of chatbots. This study aims to predict factors influencing students' use of chatbots in education within the UTAUT2 framework. PLS-SEM and machine learning tested the model, involving 926 students. According to the findings of the study, behavioral intentions were influenced by various factors including performance expectations and attitudes. Facilitating conditions and intentions significantly impacted chatbot usage time. Moderator effects were observed with age, gender, and usage experience affecting behavioral intentions. Support vector machine and logistic regression showed high prediction accuracies for behavioral intentions and usage time, respectively. These results provide insights for chatbot designers to meet user needs in educational settings.
Recent Findings on the Effectiveness of Peer Support for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Werner James J. , Ufholz Kelsey , Yamajala Prashant
Published: May 2024

Purpose of Review

To review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from 2021–2023 that reported the effects of peer support interventions on outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Recent Findings

Literature searches yielded 137 articles and nine RCTs were ultimately reviewed. The reviewed trials involved in-person support groups, peer coach/mentor support, cultural peer support by community health workers, peer support during shared medical appointments (SMAs) including virtual reality-based SMAs, telehealth-facilitated programs, and telephone peer support. Most interventions combined two or more peer support strategies.

Peer support was associated with significant decreases in HbA1c in 6 of the 9 reviewed studies. The largest statistically significant improvements in HbA1c were reported in a study of community health workers in Asia (-2.7% at 12 months) and a Canadian study in which trained volunteer peer coaches with T2DM met with participants once and subsequently made weekly or biweekly phone calls to them (-1.35% at 12 months). Systolic blood pressure was significantly improved in 3 of 9 studies.

The findings suggest that peer support can be beneficial to glycemic control and blood pressure in T2DM patients. Studies of peer support embedded within SMAs resulted in significant reductions in HbA1c and suggest that linkages between healthcare systems, providers, and peer support programs may enhance T2DM outcomes.
Triboelectric power generation performance of polyvinyl alcohol using ZnO–CuO–AgO trimetallic nanoparticles
Authors: Yempally Swathi , Bonthula Sumalatha , Ponnamma Deepalekshmi
Published: May 2024

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), a new technology for gathering sustainable energy, have attracted much scientific interest. In this study, we describe a unique method for modifying the triboelectric power generation performance of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) by adding ZnO–CuO–AgO (ZCA) trimetallic nanoparticles to improve the performance of TENGs and answer the requirement for ecologically benign and biodegradable materials. Hydrothermal synthesis adopted to create ZnO–CuO–AgO trimetallic nanoparticles ensures a distinctive structure with a large surface area, essential for enhancing triboelectric power generation. From the AFM results, it is evident that 1% PVA/ZCA showed the highest output voltage of 0.27V. Despite following the general trend, at higher concentrations of ZCA nanofiller in the PVA matrix, the enhancement of output voltage is not observed, which can be attributed to the non-uniform distribution. The effect of spin-coated film thickness and nanoparticle concentration on the triboelectric performance of the PVA nanogenerator is studied by monitoring the open-circuit voltage in response to various mechanical stimuli. Finally, the developed biodegradable nanogenerators in this study can be used for sustainable energy harvesting applications such as wearable electronics, self-powered sensors, and environmental monitoring systems.
Thermally Conductive and UV-EMI Shielding Electronic Textiles for Unrestricted and Multifaceted Health Monitoring
Authors: Peng Yidong , Dong Jiancheng , Long Jiayan , Zhang Yuxi , Tang Xinwei , Lin Xi , Liu Haoran , Liu Tuoqi , Fan Wei , Liu Tianxi , Huang Yunpeng
Published: May 2024

Skin-attachable electronics have garnered considerable research attention in health monitoring and artificial intelligence domains, whereas susceptibility to electromagnetic interference (EMI), heat accumulation issues, and ultraviolet (UV)-induced aging problems pose significant constraints on their potential applications. Here, an ultra-elastic, highly breathable, and thermal-comfortable epidermal sensor with exceptional UV-EMI shielding performance and remarkable thermal conductivity is developed for high-fidelity monitoring of multiple human electrophysiological signals. Via filling the elastomeric microfibers with thermally conductive boron nitride nanoparticles and bridging the insulating fiber interfaces by plating Ag nanoparticles (NPs), an interwoven thermal conducting fiber network (0.72 W m−1 K−1) is constructed benefiting from the seamless thermal interfaces, facilitating unimpeded heat dissipation for comfort skin wearing. More excitingly, the elastomeric fiber substrates simultaneously achieve outstanding UV protection (UPF = 143.1) and EMI shielding (SET > 65, X-band) capabilities owing to the high electrical conductivity and surface plasmon resonance of Ag NPs. Furthermore, an electronic textile prepared by printing liquid metal on the UV-EMI shielding and thermally conductive nonwoven textile is finally utilized as an advanced epidermal sensor, which succeeds in monitoring different electrophysiological signals under vigorous electromagnetic interference. This research paves the way for developing protective and environmentally adaptive epidermal electronics for next-generation health regulation.
Design and implementation of a machine log for PBF-LB/M on basis of IoT communication architectures and an ETL pipeline
Authors: Poka Konstantin , Ali Sozol , Saeed Waleed , Merz Benjamin , Epperlein Martin , Hilgenberg Kai
Published: May 2024

Powder Bed Fusion with Laser Beam of Metals (PBF-LB/M) has gained more industrial relevance and already demonstrated applications at a small series scale. However, its widespread adoption in various use cases faces challenges due to the absence of interfaces to established Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) that support customers in the predominantly data-driven quality assurance. Current state-of-the-art PBF-LB/M machines utilize communication architectures, such as OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA), Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) and Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface (REST API). In the context of the Reference Architecture Model Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0) and the Internet of Things (IoT), the assets, particularly the physical PBF-LB/M machines, already have an integration layer implemented to communicate data such as process states or sensor values. Missing is an MES component acting as a communication and information layer. To address this gap, the proposed Extract Transform Load (ETL) pipeline aims to extract relevant data from the fabrication of each build cycle down to the level of scan vectors and additionally to register process signals. The suggested data schema for archiving each build cycle adheres to all terms defined by ISO/TC 261—Additive Manufacturing (AM). In relation to the measurement frequency, all data are reorganized into entities, such as the AM machine, build cycle, part, layer, and scan vector. These scan vectors are stored in a runtime-independent format, including all metadata, to be valid and traceable. The resulting machine log represents a comprehensive documentation of each build cycle, enabling data-driven quality assurance at process level.
Fatigue behavior of 4D printed materials: a review
Authors: Hossain Md Jarir
Published: May 2024

4D printing presents a new direction in additive manufacturing through the incorporation of the time dimension into objects, thereby empowering them to modify their shape, properties, or functioning in stimulus to external influences. It is critical to investigate the fatigue behavior of these materials to comprehend their durability and reliability in the context of repeated stress or environmental changes. However, there has been limited effort to study this phenomenon. The purpose of this literature review is to consolidate the current understanding of the fatigue properties of 4D printed materials and identify areas where research is lacking. The impact of this work is to establish a foundation through a literature review for advancements in material science and manufacturing research that can improve the understanding of the fatigue behavior of 4D printed materials.
Bioactive coatings on biopolymer materials: evaluation of mechanical, physical, thermal, and in vitro properties
Authors: Öksüz Kerim Emre
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study was to develop and characterize coatings of bioglass nanoparticles (BGNs) on biopolymer (poly [glycolide-co-L-lactide], (PGLA)) surgical sutures, and to investigate the effects of these coatings on the performance of the sutures as they slid through a skin substitute. Melt-derived BGNs were used to coat resorbable PGLA biopolymers, providing them with bioactivity, biocompatibility, and improved physical and mechanical properties. The structural, thermal, and physical properties of the coated and uncoated biopolymers were analyzed using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDXS). The dissolution profiles and bioactivity of the BGNs-coated PGLA biopolymers were assessed through Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Tensile strength tests were conducted on the biopolymers before and after immersion in simulated body fluid to evaluate the impact of the BGNs coating on the degradation of PGLA biopolymers. Incorporating BGNs into PGLA resulted in improved tensile strength properties. The study also found that increasing the BGNs ions content facilitated the formation of a hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) layer in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium and medium with L-glutamine and sodium bicarbonate solutions. In vitro bioactivity tests demonstrated that the coated suture biopolymers exhibited enhanced attachment, migration, and proliferation of fibroblasts, indicating favorable biocompatibility of the biomaterial for clinical applications.
Multifunctional 3D-printed composites based on biopolymeric matrices and tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum) waste for contextual fertilizer release and Cu(II) ions removal
Authors: Scaffaro Roberto , Gulino Emmanuel Fortunato , Citarrella Maria Clara
Published: May 2024

The production of tomatoes faces significant challenges, including the high amount of waste generated during the harvest stage and copper-contaminated soil due to pesticide use. To address these issues and to promote a more sustainable agriculture, innovative biodegradable green composites for contextual controlled soil fertilization and Cu removal were produced by 3D-printing technology. These composites were made by incorporating NPK fertilizer flour and tomato plant waste particles (SLP) into three different biodegradable polymeric matrices: polylactic acid (PLA); a commercial blend of biodegradable co-polyesters (Mater-Bi®, MB) and their blend (MB/PLA, 50:50). Rheological characterization suggested the potential processability of all of the composites by FDM. Morphological analysis of printed samples confirmed the good dispersion of both filler and fertilizer, which also acted as reinforcement for MB and MB/PLA composites. SLP and NPK moduli were evaluated by powder nanoindentation and, for almost composites, the theoretical Halpin-Tsai model satisfactorily fitted the actual tensile moduli. The decrease in NPK fertilizer release rate and the increase in Cu(II) removal efficiency were achieved using whole 3D-printed composites. By selecting the appropriate matrix and incorporating SLP particles, it was possible to tune the NPK release rate and achieve copper absorption efficiency. Notably, MB samples containing SLP particles displayed the fastest release and the highest Cu(II) removal efficiency.

Graphical abstract
A Deep Learning Framework for Monitoring Audience Engagement in Online Video Events
Authors: Vrochidis Alexandros , Dimitriou Nikolaos , Krinidis Stelios , Panagiotidis Savvas , Parcharidis Stathis , Tzovaras Dimitrios
Published: May 2024

This paper introduces a deep learning methodology for analyzing audience engagement in online video events. The proposed deep learning framework consists of six layers and starts with keyframe extraction from the video stream and the participants’ face detection. Subsequently, the head pose and emotion per participant are estimated using the HopeNet and JAA-Net deep architectures. Complementary to video analysis, the audio signal is also processed using a neural network that follows the DenseNet-121 architecture. Its purpose is to detect events related to audience engagement, including speech, pauses, and applause. With the combined analysis of video and audio streams, the interest and attention of each participant are inferred more accurately. An experimental evaluation is performed on a newly generated dataset consisting of recordings from online video events, where the proposed framework achieves promising results. Concretely, the F1 scores were 79.21% for interest estimation according to pose, 65.38% for emotion estimation, and 80% for sound event detection. The proposed framework has applications in online educational events, where it can help tutors assess audience engagement and comprehension while hinting at points in their lectures that may require further clarification. It is effective for video streaming platforms that want to provide video recommendations to online users according to audience engagement.
Using the Fuzzy Method and Multi-Criteria Decision Making to Analyze the Impact of Digital Economy on Urban Tourism
Authors: Wang Ning
Published: May 2024

Urban tourism promotes the economic growth of a nation around the year through direct and indirect incomes. In recent years, the digital economy has impacted the growth of urban tourism through hassle-free money transactions and expenditures. This article, therefore, introduces a Multi-Criteria Fuzzy-based Decision-Making Method (MCFDMM) for validating the impact of the digital economy impact over tourism. The study introduces a new framework, DLFDSS-RRM, that uses deep learning and fuzzy decision support systems for residence right management, enhancing resource allocation, security, and resident satisfaction in urban residential communities. The criteria such as expenses, positive response, and repeated payments are validated by the tourists across their travel plan. These conditions satisfying the tourist’s expectations are estimated based on their reviews of economic conditions are validated. The validation is performed against the growth of the country from urban tourism. The fuzzy process validates the growth of the country between two successive financial quarters based on the above conditions. In the condition analysis, the fuzzy process identifies the least derivatives contributing to minimal economic growth. This is reversed using the hiking condition that occurs in any quarter and hinders economic growth. Therefore, the process is validated using the metrics growth rate, condition satisfaction, analysis rate, analysis time, and unrelated assessment. The comparative analysis across various models reveals growth rates ranging from 0.263 to 0.4055, condition satisfaction percentages from 53.747 to 74.351, and analysis rates from 0.275 to 0.4662.
Analysis of Jet Blast Distance of a Refined Engine Nozzle Model for Departing Aircraft
Authors: Gao Haoran , Guo Dongxin , Li Zejun , Niu Tiantian , He Xin , Chen Yaqing
Published: May 2024

To evaluate the influence distance and evolution law of the jet blast under the full thrust state of the aircraft engine, we constructed a refined single-engine nozzle model in this study. Using a specific B737-800 engine as an illustrative example, this model takes into account both the internal combustion of the engine and the shearing effect of the tail cone on the airflow; based on a structured grid, the grid and far-field independence of the numerical solution were verified. The numerical simulation results obtained via the Fluent software were compared with the data outlined in the Boeing aircraft characteristics manual for a thorough analysis. Our results indicated that the calculated jet influence distance from the refined nozzle model aligns more closely with the data in the aircraft characteristics manual, albeit with superior accuracy compared to the simplified nozzle model employed in previous studies. The findings of this study can serve as a valuable reference for computing jet influence distances across various aircraft types and engine models, providing data support for the study of safety intervals for aircraft crossing the runway behind the takeoff point.
STBGRN: A Traffic Prediction Model Based on Spatiotemporal Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Units and Graph Convolutional Residual Networks
Authors: Zhang Jijie , Xu Xiaolong , Xiao Fu
Published: May 2024

With the development of society and the advancement of urbanization, the development of intelligent transportation system has attracted much attention. Efficient and accurate traffic flow prediction is one of the core tasks in the research of intelligent transportation system. Most of the existing spatiotemporal traffic flow prediction models do not make full use of various periodic spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of traffic flow, and it is difficult to effectively capture the complex spatiotemporal changes of traffic flow. To accurately predict the traffic flow of complex urban network, this paper proposes a traffic prediction model (STBGRN) based on spatiotemporal bidirectional gated cycle unit (ST-BiGRU) and graph convolution residual network (GCN-ResNet). The spatiotemporal information in traffic data is learned using the spatiotemporal bidirectional GRU coupled with the forward and backward information of the current time step, and the topology structure of the traffic network is captured by the graph convolution residual network, which is combined to complete the prediction task of the urban traffic network. In this paper, STBGRN was tested on two real data sets, SZ-taxi and Los-loop, and compared with other baseline methods, the RMSE index reached 3.857 and 5.461, and the MAE index reached 2.702 and 3.781, respectively. Accuracy index is 72.66% and 91.35%,$${R}^{2}$$R2index is 0.858 and 0.845, var index is 0.858 and 0.849. The experimental results show that STBGRN model can obtain spatiotemporal dependence from complex traffic data, and can be used in spatiotemporal traffic data processing.
Anticultism in France
Authors: Westbrook Donald A.
Published: May 2024

This Element introduces readers to the problem of anticultism and antireligious movements in France. The first section offers an overview of anticultism in France, including the paradoxical place of modern French secularism (laïcité) that has shaped a culture prejudiced against minority religions and new religions (sectes or 'cults') and impacted Europe more broadly. This includes state-sponsored expressions, in particular MIVILUDES, an organization funded by the French government to monitor cultic or sectarian deviances. The second section takes up the case of the American-born Church of Scientology, tracing its history in the country since the late 1950s and how it has become a major focus of anticultists in France. The Element concludes with reflections on the future of new and minority religions in France. A timeline provides major dates in the history of anticultism in modern French history, with a focus on items of relevance to Scientology in France.
Mites, Mildew and Anheuser-Busch: How Pests, Big Beer, and Hops Shaped the Craft Brewing Industry
Authors: Patton Cody
Published: May 2024

The American craft beer industry’s creation narrative is rooted in countercultural food politics. Popular stories describe how plucky brewers pioneered complex and hoppy beers that revolutionized a bland American beer industry dominated by industrial lagers. Hops are now the most celebrated ingredient in the craft beer industry and serve as visual representations of the artisanal and revolutionary values of small brewers that contrasts with the industrial and bland products of the nation’s massive lager brewers. The history of hops and brewing presented here, however, demonstrates the connections between big and small brewers and the environmental impacts of craft brewers’ hoppy beers otherwise obscured by their preferred dichotomous narrative. Craft beer grew in tandem with the modern hop industry and became enmeshed with big business and industrial agricultural practices to access their signature commodity, hops. By integrating environmental and business history, this article explores how brewers, scientists, farmers, and nonhumans influenced each other to create the modern craft brewing industry. This approach demonstrates the often-obscured connections between big and small firms by examining the environments, organisms, and supply chains they depend upon.
Impact of the numerical domain on turbulent flow statistics: scalings and considerations for canopy flows
Authors: Sathe Atharva S. , Giometto Marco G.
Published: May 2024

Large eddy simulations (LES) are widely used to study the effects of surface morphology on turbulence statistics, exchange processes and turbulence topology in urban canopies. However, as LES are only approximations of reality, special attention is needed for the computational model set-up to ensure an accurate representation of the physical processes of interest. This paper shows that the choice of the numerical domain can significantly affect the accuracy of turbulent flow statistics, potentially causing a mismatch between numerical studies and experimental data. The study examines the influence of cross-stream aspect ratio (YAR), streamwise aspect ratio (XAR) and scale separation (SS) on first- and second-order flow statistics and turbulence topology. It is found that domains with a low YAR underestimate the velocity variance, while those with a low XAR overestimate the variance value. The study proposes a new approach based on the Buckingham Pi theorem to evaluate the effect of SS, as the existing method has major limitations for canopy flows. The results suggest that domains with small SS underpredict the variance value. To minimise the artificial impact of the numerical domain on turbulent flow statistics, the study recommends guidelines for future research, including a YAR of 3 or more, an XAR of 6 or more and an SS of 12 or more. Error tables are presented to allow researchers to select smaller domains than recommended, depending on their research interests in specific parts of the flow.
On a localization-in-frequency approach for a class of elliptic problems with singular boundary data
Authors: Ferreira Lucas C. F. , Lagoin Wender S.
Published: May 2024

We consider a class of nonhomogeneous elliptic equations in the half-space with critical singular boundary potentials and nonlinear fractional derivative terms. The forcing terms are considered on the boundary and can be taken as singular measure. Employing a functional setting and approach based on localization-in-frequency and Littlewood–Paley decomposition, we obtain results on solvability, regularity, and symmetry of solutions.
Breaking down (and moving beyond) novelty as a trigger of curiosity
Authors: Liquin Emily G. , Lombrozo Tania
Published: May 2024

The Novelty Seeking Model (NSM) places “novelty” at center stage in characterizing the mechanisms behind curiosity. We argue that the NSM's conception of novelty is too broad, obscuring distinct constructs. More critically, the NSM underemphasizes triggers of curiosity that better unify these constructs and that have received stronger empirical support: those that signal the potential for useful learning.
National epidemiology of culture-confirmed brucellosis in Israel, 2004–2022
Authors: Weinberger Miriam , Moran-Gilad Jacob , Perry Markovich Michal , Bardenstein Svetlana
Published: May 2024

Brucellosis, a global zoonosis, is endemic in Israel. We used a national database of culture-confirmed cases (2004–2022) to analyse the trends of brucellosis. Of 2,489 unique cases, 99.8% were bacteraemic, 64% involved males, and the mean age was 30.5 years. Brucella melitensis was the dominant species (99.6%). Most cases occurred among the Arab sector (84.9%) followed by the Jewish (8.5%) and Druze (5.5%) sectors. The average annual incidence rates overall and for the Arab, Druze, and Jewish sectors were 1.6/100,000, 6.6/100,000, 5.5/100,000, and 0.18/100,000, respectively. The annual incidence rates among the Arab (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 36.4) and the Druze (IRR = 29.6) sectors were significantly higher than among the Jewish sector (p < 0.001). The highest incidence rates among the Arab sector occurred in the South District, peaking at 41.0/100,000 in 2012. The frequencies of B. melitensis isolated biotypes (biotype 1 – 69.1%, biotype 2 – 26.0%, and biotype 3 – 4.3%) differed from most Middle Eastern and European countries. A significant switch between the dominant biotypes was noted in the second half of the study period. Efforts for control and prevention should be sustained and guided by a One Health approach mindful of the differential trends and changing epidemiology.
Profiles of Dementia Caregivers according to Psychosocial and Resource Variables. Importance of Kinship
Authors: Huertas-Domingo Cristina , Losada-Baltar Andrés , Gallego-Alberto Laura , García-Batalloso Inés , García-García Laura , Márquez-González María
Published: May 2024

The present study aims to analyze the existence of different profiles in family caregivers of people with dementia according to psychosocial and resource variables. In addition, it aims to study whether there is a greater representation of each kinship group in each of the profiles and if there are differences in emotional distress among such profiles considering the kinship with the care-recipient. Participants were 288 family dementia caregivers, divided into four kinship groups (wives, husbands, sons and daughters). Psychosocial (familism, dysfunctional thoughts and experiential avoidance), resource (leisure activities and social support) and outcomes (depressive, anxious and guilt symptomatology) variables were collected. A hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward’s method, an exploratory factor analysis of two fixed factors and contingency tables were performed. Five clusters were obtained: Low psychosocial vulnerability-High resources, Low psychosocial vulnerability-Low resources, Mixed, High psychosocial vulnerability-High resources, and High psychosocial vulnerability-Low resources. Results suggested that clusters associated with lower distress were the Low psychosocial vulnerability-High resources and the High psychosocial vulnerability-High resources. Clusters associated with higher distress were the Low psychosocial vulnerability-Low resources and Mixed. High levels of dysfunctional thoughts, familism and experiential avoidance do not always have a maladaptive function. This could depend on sociocultural and resource variables such as the kinship with the caregiver or perceived social support. The identification of profiles of family caregivers potentially needing protection and vulnerable to psychological distress could help to increase the effectiveness of interventions aimed at this population.
Dementia Care Nurses in der vernetzten Versorgung von Menschen mit Demenz
Authors: Geyer Jennifer , Bieber Anja , Meyer Gabriele
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Zur Koordination einer vernetzten Demenzversorgung werden Beratungskonzepte mit Case Management (CM)-Strukturen empfohlen. Ein solcher Ansatz wurde mit dem Dementia Care Nurse Projekt in Sachsen-Anhalt erprobt und begleitend evaluiert. Studien zur Umsetzung von CM beschränken sich meist auf Kooperationen zwischen Case Manager_innen und medizinisch-pflegerischen Berufsgruppen. Vernetzungsprozesse mit sämtlichen, an der Demenzversorgung beteiligten Akteur_innen sind bislang kaum beschrieben. Ziel: Es galt, die Einschätzungen zur wahrgenommenen Vernetzung mit Dementia Care Nurses (DCNs) aus Sicht beteiligter Kooperationspartner_innen zu beschreiben und Ansätze für die Verstetigung der DCNs in der Regelversorgung abzuleiten. Methode: Es wurden acht halb strukturierte Interviews mit Kooperationspartner_innen aus dem Gesundheits- und Sozialwesen geführt, die am DCN-Projekt teilgenommen haben. Die Interviews wurden inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Die befragten Kooperationspartner_innen bewerteten die vernetzte Zusammenarbeit mit den DCNs im Projekt insgesamt positiv, besonders den proaktiven Zugang und die kontinuierlichere Begleitung der Menschen mit Demenz. Die Verstetigung in der Regelversorgung ist von der institutionellen Verortung und der Qualifikation der DCNs abhängig. Schlussfolgerung: Der Einsatz von DCNs ermöglicht eine bedarfsgerechtere Einbindung relevanter Akteur_innen in die individuelle Planung der Versorgung bei Demenz.
The Significance of Ancient Buried Landscapes as Natural Geomorphic Experiments
Authors: Conway‐Jones B. W. , White N. J.
Published: May 2024

There is considerable interest in developing quantitative methods for analyzing present‐day fluvial landscapes with a view to extracting information about tectonic forcing and drainage evolution, together with the influence of lithologic substrates and of paleoclimatic variations. In view of the multifactorial nature of this complex problem, it has previously been proposed that natural geomorphic experiments could play a significant role in developing a quantitative understanding of landscape growth and decay. Here, we describe and analyze a stacked sequence of five buried transient landscapes that punctuate marine strata along the fringes of the North Atlantic Ocean. We propose that these landscapes constitute a suite of natural experiments, which illuminate significant aspects of quantitative fluvial geomorphology. Our preliminary analysis of four of these buried landscapes suggests that the amplitude of external tectonic forcing plays a significant role in fluvial landscape evolution. In future, we hope that this suite of natural experiments will be further exploited by the fluvial community with a view to identifying the most appropriate analytical techniques.
Carbon Offset Programs Underestimate the Threat of Hurricanes
Authors: Bouch�r Sierra
Published: May 2024

A single hurricane in New England could wipe out millions of metric tons of forest carbon.