bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
X-ray phase imaging with the unified modulated pattern analysis of near-field speckles at a laboratory source
Authors: Zdora M.-C. , Zanette I. , Walker T. , Phillips N. W. , Smith R. , Deyhle H. , Ahmed S. , Thibault P.
Published: January 2020

X-ray phase-contrast techniques are powerful methods for discerning features with similar densities, which are normally indistinguishable with conventional absorption contrast. While these techniques are well-established tools at large-scale synchrotron facilities, efforts have increasingly focused on implementations at laboratory sources for widespread use. X-ray speckle-based imaging is one of the phase-contrast techniques with high potential for translation to conventional x-ray systems. It yields phase-contrast, transmission, and dark-field images with high sensitivity using a relatively simple and cost-effective setup tolerant to divergent and polychromatic beams. Recently, we have introduced the unified modulated pattern analysis (UMPA) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 203903 (2017)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.118.203903], which further simplifies the translation of x-ray speckle-based imaging to low-brilliance sources. Here, we present the proof-of-principle implementation of UMPA speckle-based imaging at a microfocus liquid-metal-jet x-ray laboratory source.
Magnetic induction tomography of structural defects with alkali–metal spin maser
Authors: Bevington Patrick , Gartman Rafal , Chalupczak Witold
Published: January 2020

Implementation of an alkali–metal spin maser in magnetic induction tomography is explored. While the spin maser vastly improves the detection speed and solves the problem of imperfect bias magnetic field stabilization in non-destructive testing, it provides only partial information about the spatial extent of the defect. We demonstrate two ways in which the whole image of the defect can be reconstructed and experimentally demonstrate that the amplitude of the spin maser signal can be used as an indicator of defect depth. Additionally, the spatial extent of the imaging of the defect is increased by the application of a spin maser operating at two frequencies. A significant benefit of operating in the spin maser mode is that the system follows any fluctuations in the Larmor frequency due to changes in the bias magnetic field strength. This removes the need for active stabilization of the bias magnetic field, greatly reducing the complexity of the system.
Gender and social control in negotiations over filial obligations: Adult children and their ageing parents in Iranian refugee families
Authors: Karimi Zeinab , Hiitola Johanna
Published: January 2020

This article investigates gendered meanings attached to filial obligations when they are negotiated between Iranian refugee parents and their children. We investigate gender in intergenerational relationships by using the frame of social control, understanding it as a form of institutional, normative and internalized control. This research is based on an ethnographic study of Iranian families living in Finland. The data consists of observations and interviews with adult children and their parents. The results show that the daughters were able to negotiate their filial obligations with their parents in strategic ways. They actively spoke against their parents’ normative control to make independent choices. However, following their parents’ wishes was also a way for the daughters to actively maintain their own cultural values. The sons were often expected to take care of their ageing parents and had little agency when negotiating the intensity of these demands for support. So rather than making decisions about maintaining their cultural values like the daughters, the sons were often automatically expected to offer support and guidance. However, the sons experienced less normative control when interacting with their parents.
Of nomadology: A requiem for India(n-ness)1
Authors: Ray Avishek
Published: January 2020

Despite the statist imagination of the ‘nomad’ pitted against an overtly instrumental understanding of space, ‘modern’ techniques of statist demographic control, and increasing surveillance on mobility, the trope of nomadology in the context of India often characterizes ‘the return of the repressed’. The Buddhists in the Ancient, the Bhakti–Sufi practitioners in the Medieval, and certain anti-imperialist ideologues in the Modern have perpetually latched on to the trope to articulate political dissidence. Thinking in these terms, the invocation of nomadology in Critical Theory – by Deleuze and Guattari, Rosi Braidotti, Michel de Certeau and Edward Said, among others – alluding to non-conformity, non-linearity and political subversion, has an intellectual history that is often purportedly grounded onto ‘India’. My article will explore how the dichotomy between the ‘good’ wanderer and the ‘bad’ wanderer in the ‘Indian tradition’ was premised upon a highly contingent process of religio-political partisanship and struggles over territorialization. Using the nineteenth-century Orientalist discourse on the Romani community and the Beats’ obsession with ‘India’ (cf. the Beat Movement) as case studies, this article, from the postcolonial vantage point, demonstrates how the impulse to assume nomadology as characteristic of ‘India(n-ness)’ – to have perpetually existed in the ‘Indian’ cultural repertoire – is symbolic of an ahistorical and essentialist notion of ‘India’.
The political culture of non-western fashion identities1
Authors: Craik Jennifer
Published: January 2020

The topic of non-western (or ethnic, exotic, world or fusion) fashion has been gaining traction as a legitimate field of scholarship in recent years. This rich vein of research and practice requires more attention to developing new approaches to analytic frameworks in which to evaluate the state of fashion in non-western contexts and to discuss more seamlessly the convergence and dialectical appropriation of non-western inspirations in western fashion and western inspirations in forging and negotiating non-western fashion identities. One indication of the inadequacies of current analytic frameworks used to understand non-western fashion is the use of oppositions and polarities such as colonial/postcolonial, exotic/indigenous and local/global. This article argues that non-western fashion can only be adequately unpacked and understood if the embedded politics of the cultures in which non-western emanates are recognized, drawing on the history of fashions in China and references to Chinoiserie in Eurocentric fashion.
Fashion as a tool for the reinterpretation of the past: The case of Romanian folk costume as inspiration for designers and consumers
Authors: Creangă Raluca
Published: January 2020

This article examines the ways in which fashion reinterprets the past through clothing. Descriptor of evolution, fashion has played an important role in defining attitudes and emotions throughout time. I aim to deconstruct the so-called ethnic style by analysing the Romanian traditional folk costume and its contemporary adaptations as a fashion piece, but also as a token that stimulates memories, emotions and experiences. Therefore, the deconstruction is based on the relationship between ethnic style and nostalgia, a powerful, reactive emotion that stimulates introspection and encourages creativity in new and innovative ways. The past becomes a constitutive factor for ethnic style – being a source of information and inspiration.
University students’ digital competence in three areas of the DigCom 2.1 model: A comparative study at three European universities
Authors: López-Meneses Eloy , Sirignano Fabrizio Manuel , Vázquez-Cano Esteban , Ramírez-Hurtado José Manuel
Published: January 2020

This study analysed the digital competence of 1,073 students at one Italian and two Spanish universities using the COBADI 2.0 (Basic Digital Competences/Registered Trademark 2970648) questionnaire. A quantitative methodology was applied to university students’ use of, and competence in, three areas of DigCom 2.1: information and data literacy, communication and collaboration, and digital content creation. The results showed that these future graduates had an upper intermediate level of competence in information and digital literacy, and communication and collaboration, but a lower intermediate level in terms of digital content creation, particularly in the creation and dissemination of multimedia content using different tools. Two student profiles were identified for time spent online: those who dedicated a lot of their time to gaming or interacting on social media, and those who used most of their online time to searching for information and completing academic work.
Interpoetyki korespondencji: figury uobecnienia, fikcjonalizacja i zakłócenia technologii obecności
Authors: Marzec Lucyna
Published: January 2020

Artykuł omawia korzyści płynące z konceptualizacji korespondencji jako medium interpoetyckiego. Analizuje tekstowe i wizualne sposoby uobecniania adresata i nadawcy w listach oraz ich zakłócenia powodowane przerwaniem pisania listu przez rozmowę telefoniczną. Wskazuje na rolę fikcjonalizacji odbiorcy i nadawcy jako warunku wytworzenia „wirtualnej rzeczywistości” listu. Przedstawia podstawowe figury i toposy uobecniania w korespondencji na podstawie zbiorów korespondencji: Wisławy Szymborskiej i Kornela Filipowicza, Marii Pawlikowskiej-Jasnorzewskiej i Stefana Jasnorzewskiego, Stanisława Barańczaka i Lecha Dymarskiego oraz Zofii i Kazimierza Moczarskich.
Ponad inter-, w kręgu trans-. Nowelizacje gier wideo jako przykład narracji transmedialnych
Authors: Sikorska Joanna
Published: January 2020

Artykuł składa się z dwóch części: w pierwszej, teoretycznej, autorka charakteryzuje nowelizacje z uwzględnieniem ich miejsca we współczesnym pejzażu kulturowo-medialnym. Nowelizowanie, czyli transformowanie tekstów audiowizualnych w medium literatury jest w ujęciu autorki przykładem transmedialnych i konwergentnych praktyk światotwórczych. W drugiej części artykułu autorka przedstawia typologię nowelizacji gier wideo (nowelizacje eksplanacyjne, alternatywne oraz symultaniczne). Analizuje wybrane przykłady nowelizacji i na tej podstawie wyciąga wnioski odnośnie do funkcji, jakie poszczególne ich typy pełnią w kreowaniu światoopowieści (storyworlds).
Tyldy Tildena
Authors: Rajewska Ewa
Published: January 2020

Artykuł koncentruje się na koncepcji interpretacji dziedzictwa narodowego autorstwa Freemana Tildena z jego klasycznej pracy Interpreting Our Heritage (1957) (pol. przekład: Interpretacja dziedzictwa, 2019, przeł. Agnieszka Wilga), zaprezentowanej w świetle literaturoznawczych ujęć interpretacji pióra Richarda Rorty’ego (esej Ścieżka P/pragmatysty: Umberto Eco o interpretacji) oraz Rity Felski (Literatura w użyciu).
Contemporary composer Vladimir Jovanović and his role in the renewal of church Byzantine music in Serbia from the 1990s until today
Authors: Blagojević Gordana
Published: January 2020

This work focuses on the role of the composer Vladimir (Vlada) Jovanović in the renewal of church Byzantine music in Serbia from the 1990s until today. This multi-talented artist worked and created art in his native Belgrade, with creativity that exceeded local frames. This research emphasizes Jovanović’s pedagogical and compositional work in the field of Byzantine music, which mostly took place through his activity in the St. John of Damascus choir in Belgrade. The author analyzes the problems in implementation of modal church Byzantine music, since the first students did not hear it in their surroundings, as well as the responses of the listeners. Special attention is paid to students’ narratives, which help us perceive the broad cultural and social impact of Jovanović’s creative work.
Aspects of Intertextuality in the Works of the ‘Stalowa Wola Generation’ (Eugeniusz Knapik, Andrzej Krzanowski, Aleksander Lasoń)
Authors: Kiwała Kinga
Published: January 2020

In the panorama of Polish music of the 2nd half of the 20th century the works of Silesian composers stand out. They were born in 1951 and thus they are referred to as the ‘Generation 51’ or the ‘Stalowa Wola Generation’ (from the place of their debut at the Festival ‘Young Musician for the Young City’ in Stalowa Wola in 1976): Eugeniusz Knapik, Aleksander Lasoń and Andrzej Krzanowski. They constituted the first generational phenomenon of such significance in Polish music since the debut of ‘Generation 33’ (Krzysztof Penderecki, Henryk Mikołaj Górecki and others). The musical style of these young authors was in tune with the Polish popular phenomenon of the 1970s of ‘New Romanticism’, consisting in a return to certain artistic and aesthetic values lost in modernism and avant-garde. One of the distinguishing features of Knapik’s, Lasoń’s and Krzanowski’s work is the application of various ‘intertextual strategies’ – quotations, allusions, and clear references to more or less specific musical traditions. In the works of ‘Generation 51’ composers, these strategies have a certain superior ‘axiological sense’ (Władysław Stróżewski), which is far from a purely ludic, postmodernist play on conventions and texts. The aim of the text is a review and an attempt to interpret those strategies. A methodological reference point will be the semantic analyses of possible intertextual references performed by Mieczysław Tomaszewski and Stanisław Balbus.
Experience as cognition: musical sense-making and the ‘in-time/ outside-of-time’ dichotomy
Authors: Reybrouck Mark
Published: January 2020

Musical sense-making relies on two distinctive strategies: tracking the moment-to-moment history of the actual unfolding and recollecting actual and previous sounding events in a kind of synoptic overview. Both positions are not opposed but complement each other. The aim of this contribution, therefore, is to provide a comprehensive framework that provides both conceptual and operational tools for coping with the sounds. Five major possibilities are proposed in this regard: (i) the concepts of perspective and resolution, which refer to the distance the listener takes with respect to the sounding music and the fine-grainedness of his/her discriminative abilities; (ii) the continuous/discrete dichotomy which conceives of the music as one continuous flow as against a division in separate and distinct elements; (iii) the in time/outside-of-time distinction, with the former proceeding in real time and the latter proceeding outside of the time of unfolding; (iv) the deictic approach to musical sense-making, which conceives of an act of mental pointing to the music, and (v) the levels of processing, which span a continuum between primitive sensory reactivity to actual sounding stimuli and high-level symbolic processing.
Freedom in music on the example of the works of Karlheinz Stockhausen and Iannis Xenakis
Authors: Humięcka-Jakubowska Justyna
Published: January 2020

In her article titled Niebezpieczne związki, czyli o granicach wolności w sztuce i w życiu [Dangerous liaisons, or on the limits of freedom in art and life] Elżbieta Korolczuk (2013) claimsthat ‘the sense of personal freedom and independence from other people – not only in the senseof intellectual and aesthetic influences, but also familial and emotional ties – is often perceived asnecessary in order to create new, original works, to be a truly creative individual’. It is not difficult to find new and original works in the oeuvre of Karlheinz Stockhausen and Iannis Xenakis and,paraphrasing the words of Maria Anna Potocka (2013) – it is thanks to them that ‘the world has moderniseditself and freed itself from outdated values’. In relation to creative work in music, this ‘senseof personal freedom and independence from other people‘ leads, on the one hand, to the ‘freedom ofmusic’ and, on the other, ensures achieving ‘freedom in music’. The aim of this discussion is to pointto those threads in the statements of Stockhausen and Xenakis, and those features of their works,which testify to the specific manifestations of the ‚‘freedom in music’ created by them.
Meanings of music in film from a cognitive perspective
Authors: Cieślak Agnieszka
Published: January 2020

Cognitive psychology, with its focus on mind and its processes, is one of the approaches to study film music. Although music alone is said to be already meaningful, it gains and transfers specific meanings in the film context. This article aims to contribute to understanding of what film music means and how these meanings are processed in the cross-modal perception of a film. A review of the selected empirical research on film music with regard to meaning is followed by a short overview of the Annabel J. Cohen’s Congruence-Association Model (CAM) of media cognition. The model provides a framework for the experiments’ results and encourages future interdisciplinary studies in this area.
Erik Satie – the ‘progenitor’ of muzak or the precursor of ‘pipedown’ movement? On the concept of musique d’ameublement
Authors: Makomaska Sylwia
Published: January 2020

Erik Satie (1866–1925) was a colourful and intriguing artist in the world of Parisian avant-garde. In the turbulent times of the early 20th century he created the concept of musique d’ameublement (‘furniture music’) – a vision of music that did not require attentive listening because it was supposed to play an extravagant role (as it was perceived in that period) of an acoustic background accompanying all everyday events. A change in recording and sound reproduction techniques in the 20th century that led to the ubiquity of music in the contemporary world seems to confirm that Satie’s ‘furniture music’ can be treated as a prophetic idea. However, the problem of how the concept of musique d’ameublement should be interpreted still remains ambiguous. The main aim of the present paper is to discuss the two contrary ways of the interpretation of ‘furniture music’. The first approach assumes that Satie can be treated as ‘the progenitor’ of muzak – a musical genre initially associated with the activities of Muzak company and then gradually identified with any background music provided on a mass scale to the public space. The second approach is an attempt to interpret the concept of musique d’ameublement in a completely different way – as an expression of opposition to an increasingly mechanized Western world dominated by progress and technology, where the role of music boils down only to the function of the acoustic background. Therefore, Satie becomes one of the precursors of the actions taken by the opponents of muzak (e. g. pipedown movements), who seek to eliminate the imposed background music from the public space. The reconstruction of musique d’ameublement (basing, inter alia, on selected source materials) is treated as a starting point for the discussion that leads to the acoustic ecology perspective.
Działalność pszczelarska we włoskim systemie prawnym
Authors: Różański Krzysztof
Published: January 2020

The aim of the article was to familiarise the readers with the Italian regulations and doctrine concerning beekeeping. The systematics contained in Act No. 313 of 24 December 2004 on apiculture has been analysed. Article 3 of this Act determines the agricultural character of the apiculture activity, qualifying it as an agricultural activity in the light of Article 2135 of the Civil Code. Migratory beekeeping, also classified as a related agricultural activity, consists in the relocation of bees to different regions of the country in order to increase crop productivity. Further, Act No. 313 provides legal definitions of basic institutions related to apiculture and introduces various forms of protection and support for this activity, including those from the apiculture sector. The solutions adopted by the Italian legislator constitute an interesting material for the Polish legislator to examine with regard to the possibility of introducing amendments to the regulation of the domestic beekeeping sector.
Umowa o pomocy przy zbiorach
Authors: Puślecki Damian
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this article is to define the normative form of a harvesting help contract and to resolve any doubts that may arise in its practical application. Due to the occurrence of accidents in agriculture, it is also necessary to answer the question to what extent the legal regulation of agricultural social insurance should provide protection for farmers’ helpers (assistants) against the loss of their ability to work. In conclusion, the author states that the Insurance Act regulates a new type of contract − a harvesting help contract − but the scope of its regulation raises serious doubts. The legislator has introduced a non-synthetic definition of the term and while only vaguely defining the rights and obligations of the farmer, defines in too much detail those of the helper. The analysed regulation does not provide for any specific form of the contract or its contents regarding the activities of duties performed during harvesting or the level of pay for the work provided. The protection of the helper is limited to the provision of health insurance and accident insurance benefits only. In view of the subject of insurance protection and the specificity of work in agriculture, such a narrow structure, does not seem to be justified.
Z prawnej problematyki finansowania urzędowej kontroli żywności
Authors: Serlikowska Agnieszka
Published: January 2020

The purpose of these deliberations is an attempt to answer the question of whether the legal instruments concerning the financing of statutory food controls ensure proper functioning of this form of supervision. In particular, the functioning of the system of fees in various EU Member States has been analysed. It has been found out that despite the fact that the EU legislator has regulated the system of financing official controls of foodstuffs, most national regulations do not provide sufficiently for the proper functioning of the control system, and do not ensure that all costs incurred are recovered. Moreover, the unclear criteria according to which the financing system operates reduces confidence in public administration bodies.
African Dimension of the Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Kaczmarek Filip
Published: January 2020

The research purpose of this paper is to examine the role of the BRI in China-Africa relations and the mutual interdependence between the BRI and other forms of Chinese presence in Africa. In order to attain this goal, the method of analysis of secondary data will be employed regarding concluded agreements, trade exchange, Official Development Assistance (ODA), foreign direct investment (FDI), debt, instruments of soft power and plans for the future. The analysis allows the several conclusions to be drawn. The BRI is so flexible that it can be extended in a relatively simple way and in a short period to other African countries. The BRI is the structuring factor in China’s strategic approach to Africa and can give new impetus to Chinese trade, investment and contracts in Africa. The former institutional co-operation framework that encompassed the whole of Africa was very general and did not result in the identification of such concrete sectoral priorities as is the case with the BRI. The Initiative has exerted influence on China’s policy in Africa. There is no doubt that the Initiative’s core task in Africa is infrastructure connectivity, but one of the tasks proposed for the future is industrial relocation. If this task is accomplished, it may be fundamental for Africa’s development.
Why is there no philosophy of international relations
Authors: Gałganek Andrzej
Published: January 2020

Why is there no philosophy of International Relations? Why, despite the significant intellectual and institutional development of International Relations after World War II, has IR failed to generate any ‘grand ideas’ that would influence the broadly understood humanities? None of the theories of international relations indicates the exceptional features of interna- tionality as its foundation. None of these theories formulates a fundamental claim to its subject matter in International Relations the way geography, history or sociology do. This leads to the conviction that international relations do not have to be formed by aspects of the social world that are specific to them, and can be interpreted in terms of ideas imported from the disciplines that deal with examining aspects relevant to them. The basic disadvantage of this openness of International Relations to other disciplines is the lack of reflection on its own ‘deep ontology.’ This seems to be the most important reason for the lack of a philosophy of International Rela- tions. The author accomplishes two basic goals in his text. Firstly, he undermines the legitimacy of the three attitudes prevailing in IR on understanding internationality, which he calls internal- ism, externalism and correlationism. Secondly, he presents the essence and consequences of the negative character of IR, which involves the absence of the philosophy of IR and studying internationality in the same manner as political science does. The author argues that understanding this ‘strange orthodoxy’ can be a means to overcom- ing it, thereby opening up the possibility of conceiving the ontology of IR, or outlining the path leading to the philosophy of International Relations. Finally, the author refers to the proposal of Justin Rosenberg, to then present an idea for an ontology on which the philosophy of Interna- tional Relations could be founded.
Civilizational Structure of Regional Integration Organizations
Authors: Sardak Sergii , Radziyevska Svitlana , Prysiazhniuk Yuriy
Published: January 2020

The paper advances a new comprehensive complex approach to the investigation of the civilizational aspects in the development of regional associations of countries. The research starts with the overview of historical dimensions of the civilizational approach and the contribution of the founding scholars to its development. It continues with the analysis of the scientific and methodological input of the followers and the critics of this approach. The authors suggest their theoretical approach to the identification of the modern local civilizations according to six parameters: natural, biological, technical, economic, social, and governing. The civilizational affiliation of countries and the civilizational structure of major 17 regional associations of countries are identified. The results demonstrate that some regional groups have been more homogeneous in terms of civilizational composition, others – less homogeneous, which does not interfere with their dynamic development. However, the logic of the historical dynamics of human development indicates the inevitability of changing the current situation through prolonged civilizational conflicts resulting in significant changes in the global social dynamics and the civilizational structure of the world and of regional associations of countries. The identification of the civilization structure of countries and regional associations contributes to the rational decision-making in the areas of international economic relations and to the formation of the integration/disintegration policies on the national and regional levels. It is predicted that from 2030 global social dynamics will undergo a fundamental break- through that will radically change the civilizational structure of the world and regional unions of countries.
Russian Politics Toward Ukraine: was there Ever a Strategic Partnership?
Authors: Brusylovska Olga , Koval Igor
Published: January 2020

The hypothesis of this research was that these states never had a rich level of strategic partner-ship (despite the officially proclaimed status), but always remained a sort of “negative strate- gic dependence” because of the high level of asymmetry in their relations. I. Zhovkva proved that the attribute of strategic partnership is community of strategic interests without its further reflections existing relations are superfluous. G. Perepelytsia marked that scientists must distinguish two definitions of strategic partnership – as a level of the attained cooperation and as an instrument of state foreign policy. In the given article strategic partnership is examined in two measures. The first part is sanctified to the use of the concept of strategic partnership in the foreign policy of the Russian Federation (on the example of Ukraine), and second to accordance of level of their cooperation proclaimed strategic partnership. After 1991, the goal of Moscow was ‘a friendly and neutral Ukraine.’ The relations were built primarily on an economic basis, but even then Russia widely used a ban on the import of some goods as a political instrument. After 2004, problems in Russian-Ukrainian relations related to the Russian military base in Crimea and the basing of the Russian Black Sea Fleet aggravated. Kremlin tried to destruct Ukraine rather than let it go its own way these witnessed against the contemporary concept of strategic partnership, which was the foundation of Russian politics towards Ukraine. Rather, the RF used very old policy of ‘stick and carrot’ (low gas prices and other economic preferences as the carrot, responsibility for ‘compatriots’ as the stick). The Treaty on Friendship, Cooperation, and Partnership between Ukraine and the Russian Federation was denounced as well as all Russian-Ukrainian agreements on the Black Sea Fleet, so, the RF itself refuses from using ‘strategic partnership’ as instrument of its policy towards Ukraine.
Rodzice w edukacji – między dyskursem instrumentalno-technicznym a krytyczno-emancypacyjnym
Authors: Wiatr Marta
Published: January 2020

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Etyka zawodowa nauczycieli – między uniwersalizmem a pluralizmem
Authors: Zając Dariusz
Published: January 2020

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Substitute Family Care in the Czech Republic and its Aspect in Special-needs Pedagogy.
Authors: Starek Lukas
Published: January 2020

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Kompetencyjny rollercoaster – rodzina, edukacja, praca i (nie)relacyjny wymiar tych przestrzeni
Authors: Wawrzonek Anna
Published: January 2020

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İÇSEL PAZARLAMA: LİTERATÜR İNCELEMESİ
Authors: AY Canan , KARTAL Burak
Published: January 2020

İşletmelerin çalışanlardan oluşan iç pazarında, pazarlama benzeri bir yaklaşım sergilemesini ifade eden içsel pazarlama’ kavramı, çalışan yani 'iç müşteri' tatminini ve dolaylı olarak pazara sunulan mal ve hizmet kalitesini artırmayı amaçlamaktadır. İçsel pazarlama kavramı kısa sayılabilecek tarihsel gelişim sürecinde tanım ve kapsam olarak oldukça genişlemiştir. Buna karşılık kavramla ilgili teorik belirsizlik ve farklılaşma artmış; buna paralel olarak az sayıda şirket içsel pazarlama kavramından uygulamada yeterince yararlanabilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile içsel pazarlamanın tanımları ve tarihsel gelişimi incelenmiş; böylesi bir kavrama neden ihtiyaç olduğu, kavramın ortaya çıkardığı sorunlar, kavramın uygulanması ile ilgili önemli kavramlar, modeller ve araçlar gözden geçirilmiştir. Ayrıca iç ve dış müşteri tatmini arasındaki ilişki ile iç müşterilerin hizmet kalitesini değerlendirmede kullanabilecekleri boyutlar özel olarak ele alınmıştır.
ÖRGÜT TASARIMINDA YENİ TEKNİKLERİN LİSANSÜSTÜ EĞİTİM ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ
Authors: ATAMAN Göksel
Published: January 2020

Yüksek lisans eğitimine olan talebin şekillenmesine etki eden faktörlere ışık tutmak amacıyla yapılan bu çalışmada, son on yılda Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İşletme Anabilim Dalı’na bağlı programların gelişim ve bunlara gerçekleşen başvurunun dağılımı incelenmektedir. 1990’lı yıllardan günümüze kadar yönetim dünyasında meydana gelen değişme ve gelişmelerin, özellikle yeni tekniklerin yaygın uygulanmasının lisansüstü eğitim üzerindeki etkisi sorgulanmaktadır. Değişim mühendisliği, toplam kalite yönetimi, temel yetenek ve dış kaynaklardan yararlanma, güçlendirme, takım çalışması ve kendi kendini yöneten takımlar, küçülme, stratejik işbirlikleri, öğrenen örgütler, şebeke ve sanal örgütler gibi tekniklerin ortaya çıkması ve yayılımının bu konuda verilecek eğitime duyulan ihtiyacı arttıracağından hareketle gerçekleştirilen araştırmada, sonuçlar bu düşünceyi doğrular niteliktedir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre işsizlik ile yüksek lisans programlarına başvurular arasında istatistiksel bir ilişki belirlenememiştir.
UZUN VADELİ HİSSE SENEDİ YATIRIMLARININ MUHASEBELEŞTİRİLMESİNDE MALİYET YÖNTEMİNİN KULLANILMASI (TÜRKİYE UYGULAMASI VE ULUSLARARASI UYGULAMALARIN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI)
Authors: ÇİFTCI Yavuz , YILMAZ Fatih
Published: January 2020

Uzun vadeli amaçlarla yapılan hisse senedi yatırımları, genel kabul görmüş yaklaşıma göre, muhasebe süreci açısından, yatırım yapan şirketin elinde bulundurduğu "oy hakkı oranı" esas alınarak aşağıdaki gibi sınıflandırılabilir: %50’den büyük değerler (Bağlı Şirket-Subsidiary Company), %20-%50 arasındaki değerler (İlgili Şirket-Associate Company) ve %20’den düşük değerler (Uzun Vadeli Hisse Senedi Yatırımı-Long Term Investment). Çalışmamızın amacı, yatırımcının %20’nin altında oy hakkına sahip olduğu ve kontrol gücü ile önemli etkinliğin söz konusu olmadığı uzun vadeli hisse senedi yatırımlarının muhasebeleştirilmesinde kullanılan “maliyet yöntemi”ni incelenmesi ve konuyla ilgili Türkiye’deki uygulama ile uluslararası uygulamalar karşılaştırılarak ortak ve farklı yönlerin ortaya konulmasıdır.
A STUDY ON JOB STRESS AND WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT
Authors: GÜRBÜZ F. Gülruh , TOĞRAN Elif
Published: January 2020

Günümüzde, çalışan bayanların işgücünün önemli bir parçasını oluşturdukları düşünülürse, şirketlerin çalışanlarının başarılarının ve buna bağlı olarak da kendi başarılarının temelinin, sağlıklı bir iş-aile hayatı dengesi kurmakla sağlanacağını anlamaları gerekmektedir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmamızın amacı, çalışan bayanların iş stresi ve iş tatmini arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek ve medeni durum, çocuk sahibi olmak, çocukların yaşı ve sayısının iş stresi seviyesi üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır. Ayrıca, yaş ve eğitim düzeyi gibi demografik karakterli değişkenlerin, çalışan bayanların iş stresi seviyelerinde herhangi bir etkileri olup olmadığını saptayabilmek için, bu değişkenler de analize dahil edilmiştir. Bu çalışma için kullanılacak veriler, İstanbul'daki iki denetim şirketinde çalışan bayanlara, 41 sorudan oluşan bir anket uygulanmak suretiyle elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları değişkenlerin tipine göre, çeşitli istatistiksel analizler kullanılmak suretiyle test edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, beş hipotezden dördü doğrulanmış, bir tanesi ise doğrulanamamıştır.
YÖNETİM AÇISINDAN MUHASEBEDE GELİŞEN YENİ TEKNİK ve YAKLAŞIMLAR
Authors: ŞAKRAK Münir
Published: January 2020

Advanced manufacturing technologies have changed manufacturing cost-behavior patterns. At the same time, international competition has become more vigorous. For this environment, it has been considered that corporate management accmınting systems are inadequate. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the new techniques and approaches developed in tlıe management accounting systems, in order to meet tlıe requirements of today’s environment.
BELİRSİZ ORTAMDA KARARVERME DUYARLILIK ANALİZİ
Authors: SAĞMANLI Metin , LÜLE Akın
Published: January 2020

Um eine Divestitionsalternative zu bewerten, werden Ofters nur dynamische Investitions- redinungsverfahren herangezogen, die von einer sicheren Unwelt ausgehen. Da wir aber in einer unsicheren Unwelt leben und wirtschaften, İst ein methodisches Vorgehen erwünscht welches die Unsiclıerheit beriicksichtigt. In diesem Artikel wird ein Ansatz erlautert, der versneht die Lhsiclıerlıeit zu berücksichtigen. Die Sensitivitütsanalyse ist eine der Ansiitze der Berücksichtigung der Unsicherheit bei Divestitionen.
TÜRKİYE’DE HAVA ULAŞIMININ GELİŞİMİ
Authors: TAŞLIGİL Nuran
Published: January 2020

In our country air transportatioıı started in 1933 between Ankara, Eskişehir and Istanbul Airports were built in the important cities and soon air transportations were wide spread. International flights began between Ankara- Istanbul and Athens in 1947. Yeşilköy was fırst used in 195 for international flights and Esenboğa in 1955. Today Turkish Airlines arrange journeys from İstanbul orfrom Ankara to our cities and also from İstanbul to other 60 important cities in the world. Until 1983 there was only Turkish Airlines but tlıen private companies began to work. Turkish Airlines had only 5 planes in 1933 but today it is the most important airline in the MiddleEast. After 1940, number ofpassengers increased especially because of the development of tourism. 62.7% o f it belongs to International lines and 37.3% for domestic lines. However 28% of it belongsforeign companies. At the beginning cargo transportation was only for luggages and posts, but then, every kind of goods was begun to transport and in 1995 it reached to 576.920 ton 60% o f total cargo transportation was made at Atatürk Airport.
GELENEKSEL MALİYET MUHASEBESİNDEN STRATEJİK MALİYET YÖNETİMİ YAKLAŞIMINA GEÇİŞ
Authors: GÖKŞENLİ Şule
Published: January 2020

Giving the first changing in the economical and technological environments. The traditional cost accounting systenıs are losing there importunes day by day. The traditional cost accounting systems are analyzing the existing data and the estimated costs. There for the intentionfor the strategic cost accounting management is of great importance. The modern cost accounting analysis calculate and analyzes the costsfirst at the organization level and after that the prodııction leveL For this reason the cost unite are in the foreground There calculation for different departments becomes more important. In this article three methods of the strategic analysis methods are explain: Product Life Cycles, Target Costiııg and Process Based Calculation. For a better use end the improvement of the strategic cost analysis this methods should be coordinated accordingly. For this coordination the technology improvements and strategic planing slıoııld be within the cost accounting and than a systems should be established.
AVRUPA SİYASAL BÜTÜNLEŞMESİNİN İKİ BOYUTU: VATANDAŞLIK VE KURUMSALLAŞMA
Authors: ALKAN Haluk
Published: January 2020

In this article, is examineted political integration in European from the citizenship and institutional form. First of all, related to this subject, is studied reconstructionalists and followers o f the nation-state citizenship authors. After that, is discussed of the present institution form under those ideas.
LİSANSÜSTÜ EĞİTİME GİRİŞ SINAVI (LES) SONUÇLARININ ÜÇ YÖNLÜ ÇAPRAZ SINIFLANDIRMA TABLOSU İLE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ALTAŞ Dilek , ZEREN YILDIRIM Esen
Published: January 2020

Kategorik değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler incelenirken, gözlem değerleri bir çapraz sınıflandırma tablosu üzerinde toplanır. Kategorik değişken sayısının iki olması durumunda, değişkenlerden biri satırda, diğeri sütunda olacak şekilde iki yönlü bir çapraz tablo oluşturulur. Bu tablodan hareketle, değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek amacıyla sıklıkla başvurulan yöntem, ki-kare analizidir. Ki-kare analizi ile ikiden çok sayıda değişkenin iç içe çapraz tablolarının analizi yapılamamaktadır. Bu durumda, değişkenler arasındaki ilişki yapısını incelemede loglineer analizden yararlanılabilir. Loglineer analiz, hem ki-karenin uygulanabildiği IX2 ya da 2XJ boyutlu tabloları, hem de kikarenin yetersiz kaldığı üç ve daha büyük boyutlu tabloları modeller aracılığıyla analiz eden bir yöntemdir. Bu çalışmada, Öğrenci Seçme ve Yerleştirme Merkezi (ÖSYM) tarafından uygulanan Lisansüstü Eğitime Giriş Sınavı (LES) sonuçları, üç yönlü bir çapraz tablo üzerinde sınıflandırılarak loglineer analizle incelenmiştir. Analiz kapsamında aralarındaki ilişki yapısı incelenen faktörler, öğrenim durumu (lisans, yüksek lisans, doktora mezunu olma), LES puanı (45 yada daha fazla, 45’den az) ve puan türü (sayısal, sözel, eşit ağırlıklı) değişkenleridir. Analiz sonucunda, söz konusu değişkenler arasındaki ilişki yapısı ortaya çıkarılmış, bulgular yorumlanmıştır.
T TESTİ, HOTELLING T, ANOVA VE MANOVA KULLANIM ALANLARI VE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: TURANLI Münevver , DEMİRHAN Dicle
Published: January 2020

As statistical inference procedures, both the univariate techniques (t test and ANOVA) and MANOVA are used to assess the statistical significance of differences between groups. The univariate procedures iticinde the t test for two group situations and analysis of variance for situations with three or more groups defined by two or more independent variables.
TAŞIMACILIK HİZMETLERİ
Authors: ŞENER Orhan
Published: January 2020

Çok sayıda ekonomik araştırma sonuçlanna göre, ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeyleri ile taşımacılık sistemleri arasında oldukça yakın bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Bütün gelişmiş ülkelerin taşımacılık sistemleri demir ve deniz yolu taşımacılığı ağırlıklı olup, gelişmekte olan ülkelerinki ise, kara yolu ağırlıklıdır. Araştırmalara göre taşımacılık maliyeti karayoluna göre demiryollarında 10 kat; denizyollarında ise 15 kat daha düşüktür. Demiryolu taşımacılığının azalan maliyetler ve sıfır marjinal maliyetle üretim koşullarına uygun olması nedeniyle, bu ilişkinin geçerli olacağını önceki bölümlerde incelemiş bulunuyoruz.
ÖRGÜT KÜLTÜRÜ: KÜLTÜREL ÖĞELER ve OLUŞUM SÜREÇLERİNE İLİŞKİN SORUNLAR
Authors: DOĞAN Binali
Published: January 2020

ABD firmalarının dünya pazarlarında diğer kültürlerle rekabet sırasında karşılaşmış oldukları güçlükler ve edinmiş oldukları deneyimler ile örgütleri çeşitli yönleri anlama konusundaki çabaların üst üste gelmesi konuyu çekici kılmıştır (Trice ve Beyer. 1993). Batı toplumlarındaki yapısal eşitsizlikler de konunun güncelleşmesinde diğer bir neden olarak sayılmaktadır (Meek, 1988). Bu ortam koşullarında Ouchi’in “Teori Z”, (Ouchi, 1989), Peters ve Watermanfm “Mükemmeli Arayış” (Peters ve Waterman, 1987) eserlerinin yayınlanması konuyu yönetim ve örgüt yazınına taşımakta önemli rol oynamıştır.
SOSYAL GÜVENLİK SİSTEMİMİZİN SORUNLARI VE ÖNERİLER
Authors: EKİCİ M.sena Ekici , KARAKAŞ Mehmet
Published: January 2020

Social security is a system to protect individuals against both phvsiologic and vocational and socia economical risks. Social security is the goal and Services such as social insurance, social aids and social Services are instruments to reach the goal. The most important purpose of the social security systems is to give individuals a feeling of security and let them save themselves from anxiety figure. In time, the coverage of social security has heen considerably expanded. The expansion has heen realized in terms of both individuals and the risks compensated which resulled in an increase in the expenditures of social security systems. Our social security system has focused important problems and has entered into an economical crisis in 1990 's. The annual revenues of social security foundations are not enough to cover the expenditures and the deficits are increasing day by day. The deficits of the system has become an important reason of the public deficits. The reform of our social security system shall be one of the elements that will secure stability in economics.
An Evaluation of the New Japanese Bonus–Malus System with No-claim and Claimed Subclasses
Authors: Okura Mahito , Yoshizawa Takuya , Sakaki Motohiro
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the new Japanese Bonus–Malus System (BMS 2012) in automobile insurance, which is an unusual system wherein both no-claim and claimed subclasses exist. To evaluate BMS 2012, we conduct a simulation analysis and compare BMS 2012 with the former Japanese BMS (BMS 2009) in terms of the present value of the total insurance premium that is closely related to the frequency of insurance claims. Based on the comparison, our main conclusion is that BMS 2012 offers more effects to lower the frequency of insurance claims than BMS 2009 does when the policyholders’ classes in BMS are high classes that evaluate as safety drivers, time discount and/or renewal rates are relatively low, and the policyholders’ risk averseness is large.
Final particles in Asia: Establishing an areal feature
Authors: Panov Vladimir
Published: January 2020

This paper presents the results of an areal study of the elements known as(sentence-)final particles(FPs) in the languages of Asia. FPs constitute a crucial part of many languages of the region and are reported in language-particular descriptions under various labels. However, they have not been the subject of large-scale areal studies. In this paper, I discuss the morphosyntactic and functional properties typically exhibited by the FPs of Asian languages and the parameters of their variation. On the basis of a sample of 53 languages and 6 sample functional types of FPs, I explore the areal distribution of FPs of the Asian type. I demonstrate that different FP-isoglosses exhibit different geographical coverage, but the overlap of some of them allows us to speak of a structural phenomenon highly typical of a macroarea which includes East, Southeast, and Northeast Asia.
Mean Combined Relative Grip Strength and Metabolic Syndrome: 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Churilla James R. , Summerlin Mary , Richardson Michael R. , Boltz Adrian J.
Published: January 2020

Churilla, JR, Summerlin, M, Richardson, MR, and Boltz, AJ. Mean combined relative grip strength and metabolic syndrome: 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 995–1000, 2020—The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among mean combined relative grip strength (MCRGS), the metabolic syndrome (MetS), and the individual MetS criterion using a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults (≥20 years of age). The study sample included subjects from the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES). Subject MCRGS, using an average of 3 attempts per hand, was measured by a trained examiner using a handgrip dynamometer. All anthropometric, blood pressure, and serum blood measures used to diagnose the MetS were obtained in a Mobile Examination Center using a subsample of NHANES subjects (N = 4,664). Results suggest a favorable inverse dose–response relationship exists across quartiles of increased MCRGS and likelihood of MetS in both men and women (p < 0.0001 for trend). In analyses adjusted for age, race, education, and meeting aerobic physical activity recommendations, when compared with a referent group in the lowest quartile of MCRGS (MCRGS <2.66 kg/body mass index [BMI] in men; MCRGS <1.58 kg/BMI in women), those in the third (MCRGS >3.20–3.77 kg/BMI in men; MCRGS >1.99–2.38 kg/BMI in women) and fourth quartile (MCRGS >3.77 kg/BMI in men; MCRGS >2.38 kg/BMI in women), were significantly less likely to have the MetS, independent of gender (p ≤ 0.05 for all). Similar findings varied according to individual MetS criterion. These findings provide the first data suggesting that increased MCRGS may be inversely related to the MetS or the individual MetS criterion in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults.