bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen‐bonded organic framework membranes through dispersion‐controlled deposition method for efficient CO2 separation
Authors: Wang Yuhan , Ren Yanxiong , Cao Yu , Zhao Junyi , Fu Jingqi , He Guangwei , Zhu Ziting , Sun Qian , Pan Fusheng , Jiang Zhongyi
Published: February 2025

Hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) feature a highly ordered pore structure, abundant organic functional groups, and unique solution‐processability, holding great promise in gas separations. In this study, we explored the fabrication of HOF membranes utilizing a dispersion‐controlled deposition (DCD) method. To achieve homogeneous dispersion, the bulk HOF aggregates were initially dispersed in solvent and then switched to anti‐solvent to generate the precipitated nanoparticles. Under vacuum‐assisted assembly, the HOF colloidal solution containing nanoparticles was uniformly deposited, and the intracrystalline defects were spontaneously healed during the mixed‐solvent evaporation. For the first time, HOF polycrystalline membranes were fabricated on flexible polymer substrates and demonstrated an ultrathin HOF selective layer of ~100 nm. The prepared HOF membranes exhibited high separation performance, with the CO2 permeance exceeding 600 GPU and the CO2/N2 selectivity exceeding 30. This work establishes a platform technology for HOF membrane fabrication and expands the families of carbon capture membranes.
A murine model of aortic regurgitation generated by trans‐apical wire destruction of the aortic valve
Authors: Huang Xiaoxia , Wang Qiancheng , Han Dan , Lin Hairuo , Li Zhihong , Zheng Cankun , Bin Jianping , Liao Wangjun , Cong Zhanchun , Shen Mengjia , Liao Yulin
Published: February 2025

Background

The mechanisms underlying cardiac remodeling in aortic valvular (AoV) disease remain poorly understood, partially due to the insufficiency of appropriate preclinical animal models. Here, we present a novel murine model of aortic regurgitation (AR) generated by trans‐apical wire destruction of the AoV.

Methods

Directed by echocardiography, apical puncture of the left ventricle (LV) was performed in adult male C57BL/6 mice, and a metal guidewire was used to induce AoV destruction. Echocardiography, invasive LV hemodynamic and histological examination were conducted to assess the degree of AR, LV function and remodeling.

Results

AR mice exhibited rapid aortic regurgitation velocity (424 ± 15.22 mm/s) immediately following successful surgery. Four weeks post‐surgery, echocardiography revealed a 54.6% increase in LV diastolic diameter and a 55.1% decrease in LV ejection fraction in AR mice compared to sham mice. Pressure‐volume catheterization indicated that AR mice had significantly larger LV end‐diastolic volumes (66.2 ± 1.5 μL vs. 41.8 ± 3.4 μL), reduced LV contractility (lower dP/dtmax and Ees), and diminished LV compliance (smaller dP/dtmin and longer Tau) compared to sham mice. Histological examination demonstrated that AR mice had significantly larger cardiomyocyte area and more myocardial fibrosis in LV tissue, as well as a 107% and a 122% increase of heart weight/tibial length and lung weight/tibial length, respectively, relative to sham mice.

Conclusions

The trans‐apex wire‐induced destruction of the AoV establishes a novel and efficient murine model to develop AR, characterized by significant eccentric LV hypertrophy, heart failure, and pulmonary congestion.
‘Tearing Effect’ of Alloy–Support Interaction for Alloy Redispersion in NiRu/TiO2 Hydrogenation Catalysts
Authors: Zou Sibei , Cao Liwei , Zhang Xingmo , Chen Chaoqi , Tada Mizuki , Muratsugu Satoshi , Tian Rongying , Sun Haoyue , Li Ang , Han Xiaodong , Liao Xiaozhou , Huang Jun , Masri Assaad R.
Published: February 2025

Supported alloy catalysts have been extensively applied to many significant industrial chemical processes due to the abundant active sites with distinguishable geometry and electron states. However, a detailed in‐situ investigation of the interaction between support and alloy nanoparticles is still lacking. Here, a subversive ‘tearing effect’ on the interface of TiO2‐supported NiRu alloy nanoparticles is in‐situ discovered by environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) with a dramatic redispersion process of alloy nanoparticles from ~25 nm to 2‐3 nm under the repeated hydrogen reduction. Dual‐driven by the distinct alloy‐support interaction involving the restructuring of alloy nanoparticles and growth of TiOx overlayer, larger NiRu alloy nanoparticles spontaneously disintegrate into atoms migrating on support. Atoms are finally captured by the defects generated on TiO2 during the repeat reduction, which also confines the further growth of the newly alloy nanoparticles. Owing to this specific alloy‐support interaction, smaller alloy nanoparticles on TiO2 support are much more stable than the bigger ones, which holds promise for industrial applications as durable catalysts. This novel metal‐support interaction with the ‘tearing effect’ revealed on supported alloy catalysts provides new knowledge on the structure‐performance relationships in all the alloy catalysts for hydrogenation reactions.
Enhanced Kinematics and Distribution Characteristics of Upper Scorpius and Ophiuchus Associations Based on Gaia DR3
Authors: Elsanhoury W. H.
Published: February 2025

The kinematics within the solar vicinity have revealed interesting features relevant to both stellar and Galactic structures. This study examines three stellar associations in the Upper Scorpius and Ophiuchus regions, along with their sub‐samples among Gaia DR3. The calculated kinematics and velocity ellipsoid characteristics, including the mean spatial velocity components (U, V, and W; km s−1), yielding values of approximately (−5.84 ± 2.42, −16.14 ± 4.02, −7.31 ± 2.70; km s−1). USC and Oph associations velocity dispersion within the ellipsoid () was found to be (1.36 ± 0.02, 0.80 ± 0.01, 0.96 ± 0.01; km s−1), their mean solar motion () was determined to be approximately 18.62 ± 4.32 km s−1, convergent point coordinates () were (95.91 ± 0.09°, −44.42 ± 0.02°), and Oort's constants, yielding A = 17.80 ± 0.24 km s−1 kpc−1 and B = −9.61 ± 0.32 km s−1 kpc−1. Finally, the density distribution function per absolute magnitudes of USC and Oph associations is examined to obtain both luminosity and mass functions; their analysis revealed the absence of any peaks or dips as consistent with other recent studies.
Assessing the Indirect Nexus Between Green Human Resource Management and Employee Green Behavior: A Fuzzy DEMATEL Approach
Authors: Chowdhury Shah Ridwan , Islam Md Asadul , Guha Souman , Rahman Mahfuzur , Sanju Nehad Laila
Published: February 2025

Green human resource management (GHRM) has become a proactive strategy to develop an ecological platform in the private sector. Because of stakeholder pressures and regulations, organizations are required to adopt and implement GHRM practices. Current literature indicates that various intervening mechanisms may intensify the role of GHRM practices on employee green behavior (EGB). However, there is a paucity of studies that assessed the role of multiple mediators based on inter‐assessment and prioritization to guide organizations in developing GHRM strategies. This study aims to fill this gap in the literature by examining 10 mediators identified from the literature and recommending the most influential ones based on expert opinions. Furthermore, to address the vagueness of human perceptions of GHRM practices, this study applied the fuzzy set theory and the decision‐making trial and evaluation laboratory method to obtain and analyze expert opinions. The analysis has revealed three key influential mediators out of nine that can positively influence the indirect nexus between GHRM practices and EGB. These three key mediators have the highest prominence and influential scores include environmental strategy (M7), employee environmental commitment (M2), and green organizational culture (M3). The originality of the paper lies in its theoretical, practical, contextual, and methodological contributions.
Antihyperglycemic Potential of Algerian Trigonella foenum‐graecum L. Seed Extract in Type 1 Diabetic Rats: Combined In‐Vivo Studies and In‐Silico Docking Analysis of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Chelbi Lilya , Habiba Ferhati , Aicha Rizi , Narimane Chelbi , Abdelmadjid Bairi
Published: February 2025

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) poses a significant global health challenge, with current treatments often proving inadequate. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the antihyperglycemic effects of methanolic extract from Algerian Trigonella foenum‐graecum L. seeds (MEF) in type 1 diabetic rats, combining both in‐vivo and in‐silico studies: molecular docking and ADMET. Polyphenol compounds (PCs) identified. Twenty‐four male rats divided into four groups: control, normal and diabetic rats treated with MEF. T1D was induced via a single 50 mg/kg streptozotocin injection. MEF was administered orally at a dose of 400 mg/kg b.w. for 28 days, with measurements of body weight and fasting blood glucose. Histopathological examinations of pancreatic tissues were conducted post‐treatment. HPLC identified fifteen PCs. We found that six main PCs had strong binding affinities for the IR (−9.463 to ‐7.893 kcal/mol). The ADMET modeling indicated favorable drug‐likeness, oral bioavailability, and no toxicity risk. Significantly, diabetic rats treated with MEF exhibited a marked reduction in fasting blood glucose levels (494.67 mg/dl to 144.17 mg/dl; p < 0.001), along with an increase in body weight and improvements in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. These findings suggest that MEF possesses substantial antihyperglycemic potential and may play a role in managing T1D complications.
Four new cassane diterpenoids from the seeds of Caesalpinia mimosoides
Authors: Ma Yu-Xin , Pu Xiao-Chen , Xi Rong-Gang , Zhang Yun-Qi , Ma Jun-Yi , Wu Zhaohua , Gao Huiyuan , Wang Miao
Published: February 2025

Four new cassane derivatives (1–4), along with five known compounds (5–9) were isolated from the seeds of Caesalpinia mimosoides. Their gross structures were elucidated by means of comprehensive spectroscopic analysis (UV, NMR, HRESIMS) as well as electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compounds 1–3 possessing norcassane‐type skeleton were observed, which was rare structural type in the Caesalpinia genus. The results of biological activity evaluation showed that compounds tested could inhibit the production of NO in LPS‐induced RAW 264.7 cells, especially compound 8 exhibited excellent inhibitory activity, implied that these compounds may be potential anti‐inflammatory candidates.
Pituitary Apoplexy Presenting With Oculomotor Nerve Palsy and Headache as the Initial Symptoms: A Case Report
Authors: Hou Qifan , Xu Lixin , Yi Jing
Published: February 2025

Pituitary apoplexy is a rare clinical syndrome. This report presents a case with initial symptoms of oculomotor nerve palsy and headache. A 48‐year‐old patient reported blurred vision in the right eye for 1 month, followed by a sudden onset of left eyelid ptosis and a 1‐day headache. Laboratory tests revealed normal pituitary function, except for an elevated growth hormone level (> 36.600 μg/L). Preoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans indicated space‐occupying lesion in the sellar region. The lesion was subsequently resected via transnasal subtotal surgery. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed a pituitary adenoma with infarction. The patient received hydrocortisone preoperatively and prednisone and levothyroxine postoperatively. On the second postoperative day, the headache resolved, and the left eyelid regained normal function within 2 weeks. Pituitary apoplexy is extremely rare, with initial presentations of oculomotor nerve palsy being exceptionally uncommon. Early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention are essential to preserve pituitary function and rapidly alleviate cranial nerve dysfunction.
Reversing the Solvent Polarity Effect on Fluorescence Quantum Yields of a GFP Chromophore Analogue by Inhibiting the Polarity‐Promoted Hula Twist
Authors: Chiu Chun-Wei , Tsao Li-Ling , Lin Hsuan-Yu , Liu Yi-Hung , Raabe Marco , Lin Ching-Wei , Cheng Yuan-Chung , Yang Jye-Shane
Published: February 2025

Flexible solvatochromic fluorescent dyes (SFD) typically exhibit a decrease in fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) and a red shift in fluorescence with increasing solvent polarity. In this study, we report a new E,Z‐isomerization‐active green fluorescence protein chromophore (GFPc) analogue (4), which uniquely demonstrates a reversed solvent polarity effect on ΦF and a record‐high ΦF of 0.43 in the red (>600 nm) region. This is achieved by ring‐bridging both the exocyclic C−C bond (the φ‐bond) and the phenyl‐amino C−N bond (the ω‐bond) of a known meta‐amino‐substituted GFPc (1), which shows typical SFD behavior in aprotic solvents but fluorescence quenching in protic solvents. Based on the reference compounds 2 (ω‐bridged) and 3 (φ‐bridged), the reversed solvent effect is attributed to enhanced one‐bond‐flip (OBF) E,Z‐isomerization in nonpolar solvents and the inhibition of hula twist (HT) pathway, which is accelerated in polar solvents. The drastic difference in fluorescence characteristics between 1 and 4 is further underscored by the superior performance of 4 in cell imaging. This work demonstrates the versatility of the GFP chromophore, whose properties could be drastically reshaped through specific structural editing at key positions.
The Determinants of Materiality Assessment Disclosures in the Sustainability Statements of Iberian‐Listed Companies
Authors: Morganho Catarina , Milánes‐Montero Patricia , Pérez‐Calderón Esteban
Published: February 2025

Effective January 1, 2024, the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) mandates that large corporations disclose sustainability data using the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS). This study investigates the materiality assessment disclosure (MAD) in Portuguese and Spanish corporations, focusing on its role as a foundation for meaningful sustainability reporting. This study analyzed annual reports from 45 major businesses (2018–2022) and employed content analysis and panel data methodologies to score an index that quantifies MAD levels. The results revealed an average MAD score, highlighting significant gaps in the materiality assessment processes and outcomes. Industry and board size were identified as influential variables in determining MAD levels. These findings underscore the lack of comprehensive consideration of the societal and environmental impacts. Enhanced transparency, accountability, and adherence to ESRS are urgently required to improve the quality and relevance of sustainability reporting.
Macro‐Level Climate and Minority Voice: How Indigenous Multiculturalism Relates to Collective Action
Authors: Gale Jessica , Yogeeswaran Kumar , Kende Judit , Osborne Danny , Vanderklei Mark , González Roberto , Sibley Chris G. , Green Eva G. T.
Published: February 2025

Inequalities and discrimination against Indigenous minorities are pervasive in post‐colonial societies. Collective action is critical for Indigenous minorities to redress these injustices. Integrating research on collective action, macro‐level norms and multiculturalism, we argue that macro‐level climates characterized by non‐Indigenous endorsement of Indigenous multiculturalism policies are likely associated with Indigenous minorities’ collective action. Two multilevel studies in Chile (non‐Indigenous majorities N = 1132; Indigenous minorities N = 1160; 26 communities) and New Zealand (NZ) (non‐Indigenous majorities N = 12,136; Indigenous minorities N = 3484; 108 communities) reveal that non‐Indigenous macro‐level (i.e., aggregated) endorsement of resource‐based policies was related to increased Indigenous minorities’ reaction to injustices and collective action. Non‐Indigenous macro‐level endorsement of symbolic policies showed similar (albeit weaker) results in NZ, but not in Chile. Thus, macro‐level climates that endorse concrete measures to address power asymmetries are particularly effective at fostering Indigenous minorities’ collective action. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Methyl Viologen as a Redox Mediator for Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy to Study Copper Corrosion Under Deaerated Conditions
Authors: Mena‐Morcillo Emmanuel , Moshrefi Reza , Behazin Mehran , Keech Peter George , Gateman Samantha Michelle
Published: February 2025

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is a popular tool to study corrosion with high spatial resolution. The feedback mode of SECM involves the use of an added redox mediator in solution to probe local surface kinetics. Depending on the redox mediator's oxidation state and formal potential, as well as the corroding metal's corrosion potential, the electroactive species can potentially polarize the substrate and alter the corrosion behavior at the macro and/or microscale. Therefore, the choice of redox mediator is material dependent. This study explored the use of methyl viologen (MV) as a potentially ideal redox mediator for studying the local reactivity of copper. The SECM solutions were deaerated prior to SECM approach curve measurements to avoid a convoluted response from the oxygen reduction reaction at the ultramicroelectrode. Since the formal potential of MV is lower than the corrosion potential of Cu and undergoes oxidation to regenerate at the substrate's surface, the redox mediator was successfully implemented for kinetic measurements without inducing oxidative etching, ultramicroelectrode fouling, or macroscale corrosion. This work highlights the importance of redox mediator choice for SECM corrosion studies to avoid misinterpretation of data and provides a systematic method of making such decision for accurate measurements.
Common ownership and competitive dissimilarity: A global perspective on competition and institutional ownership
Authors: Steinberg Philip J. , Hennig Jan C. , Oehmichen Jana , Heigermoser Judith
Published: February 2025

Research Summary

Research highlights that common institutional ownership (an investor owning publicly traded shares in two rival firms) can reduce rivals' incentives to compete. So far, this literature focused on domestic market competition. However, competition also arises in global markets, and common owners invest outside their home countries. We integrate the perspectives of global market competition and cross‐national distance into a model of shared principals with rival agents and argue for a positive effect of common ownership on rivals' competitive dissimilarity in global markets. Moreover, we argue that the competitive intensity in joint regions amplifies, and the cross‐national distance between common owners and their firms mitigates this effect. We find support for our theorizing using a multi‐industry dataset with 1574 of the largest firms worldwide.

Managerial Summary

When investors hold shares in two competing companies, it can reduce how aggressively those rivals compete. To avoid direct competition, these companies often adopt divergent strategic actions. Our research shows that this dynamic extends to how competitors behave in international markets. We also identify key boundary conditions to this effect: The effect weakens when competition within shared markets decreases and when the distance between the owned rivals and their common investor increases. For managers of globally operating companies, this highlights the need to consider not just competitors' strategies but also their ownership structure. Overlapping ownership could significantly influence competitive dynamics in global markets by shaping competitors' strategic approaches.
Direct‐Acting Antivirals Induce Lymphoproliferative Disease Response in HCV‐Infected Patients With Indolent B‐Cell Non‐Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: George Monica , Mustafayev Khalis , Ahmed Sairah , Thomas Sheeba K. , Jiang Ying , Patel Krina , Torres Harrys A.
Published: February 2025

B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in one of the most serious extrahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. No prospective studies have been conducted in the United States (US) on the impact of direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) in HCV‐infected patients with indolent B‐cell NHL not requiring chemotherapy. In this prospective study, we evaluated the general characteristics of US patients with HCV‐associated indolent B‐cell NHL and the oncologic impact of only DAA treatment without systemic cancer therapy in those patients. We enrolled patients seen at our center during 2014–2021; we analyzed only chemotherapy‐naïve patients treated with DAAs. Patients who required immediate conventional treatment for lymphoma were excluded from the study. The primary endpoints were sustained virologic response at 12 weeks (SVR12) and lymphoproliferative disease response, classified as complete response, partial response, stable disease, or progressive disease. The secondary endpoints were overall response rate (ORR) of NHL, duration of response (DOR), overall survival (OS), and progression‐free survival (PFS). Nine patients met the study criteria and were analyzed. Most patients were male (n = 6), White (n = 6), younger than 65 years (n = 6), and non‐cirrhotic (n = 8); had HCV genotype 1 (n = 5); and had been infected for more than 30 years (n = 7). All patients achieved SVR12. Six patients (67%) had complete response, and 3 (33%) had progressive disease. The ORR was 67%. The median DOR was 51 months (range 16–81 months). The 5‐year DOR, OS, and PFS rates were 100%, 83%, and 67%, respectively. HCV‐associated NHL is a late extrahepatic complication of HCV. Infected patients with indolent NHL have an excellent virologic responses to DAAs and most of them experienced a favorable oncologic response after HCV eradication without chemotherapy.
Baby steps of parenting: Turkish adaptation of Infancy Parenting Styles Questionnaire and mother‐ and infant‐related characteristics affecting parenting in infancy
Authors: Bahtiyar‐Saygan Bahar
Published: February 2025

The crucial importance of parenting for human development is well known, yet there has been little investigation, particularly regarding infancy parenting. This study investigates mother‐ and infant‐related characteristics affecting parenting styles in the first year after birth. Additionally, adapting an Infancy Parenting Styles Questionnaire (IPSQ) to Turkish is aimed. In total, 110 mothers with babies in the first year of their lives (Mage in months = 6.39, SDage in months = 3.72; 70 girls) participated in the study. Mothers filled out the IPSQ, Early Parenting Attitudes Questionnaire (EPAQ), Karitane Parental Self‐Confidence Scale (KPSC), and Parental Stress Index‐Short Form (PSI‐SF). Four components emerged: involvement, discipline, anxiety, and routine. The IPSQ was found to be reliable (α = .81) and valid. The findings revealed that income, the number of children, and parental confidence were significant predictors for involvement; maternal education, parental confidence, parenting stress, and sleep wellness of the baby were significant predictors for discipline; and the number of caregivers and parental confidence were significant predictors for routine sub‐components. Also, results indicated higher involvement and lower discipline in primiparous compared to multiparous mothers. The findings were discussed in light of the literature regarding the antecedents of parenting and its developmental outcomes.
Subchronic Inhalation of TiO2 Nanoparticles Leads to Deposition in the Lung and Alterations in Erythrocyte Morphology in Mice
Authors: Kulich Pavel , Marvanová Soňa , Skoupý Radim , Škorič Miša , Vysloužil Jan , Šerý Omar , Mikuška Pavel , Alexa Lukáš , Coufalík Pavel , Křůmal Kamil , Moravec Pavel , Večeřa Zbyněk , Machala Miroslav
Published: February 2025

TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) are extensively used in various applications, highlighting the importance of ongoing research into their effects. This work belongs among rare whole‐body inhalation studies investigating the effects of TiO2 NPs on mice. Unlike previous studies, the concentration of TiO2 NPs in the inhalation chamber (130.8 μg/m3) was significantly lower. This 11‐week study on mice confirmed in vivo the presence of TiO2 NPs in lung macrophages and type II pneumocytes including their intracellular localization by using the electron microscopy and the state‐of‐the‐art methods detecting NPs' chemical identity/crystal structure, such as the energy‐dispersed X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), cathodoluminescence (CL), and detailed diffraction pattern analysis using powder nanobeam diffraction (PNBD). For the first time in inhalation study in vivo, the alterations in erythrocyte morphology with evidence of echinocytes and stomatocytes, accompanied by iron accumulation in spleen, liver, and kidney, are reported following NP's exposure. Together with the histopathological evidence of hyperaemia in the spleen and kidney, and haemosiderin presence in the spleen, the finding of NPs containing iron might suggest the increased decomposition of damaged erythrocytes. The detection of TiO2 NPs on erythrocytes through CL analysis confirmed their potential systemic availability. On the contrary, TiO2 NPs were not confirmed in other organs (spleen, liver, and kidney); Ti was detected only in the kidney near the detection limit.
Stream pathogenic bacteria levels rebound post‐population control of wild pigs
Authors: Bradley Elizabeth A. , Lockaby B. G. , Madere Steven , Bolds Sara , Kalin Latif , Ditchkoff Stephen S. , Brown Vienna R.
Published: February 2025

The range and density of one of North America's most destructive and invasive mammalian species, wild pigs (Sus scrofa), has expanded rapidly over the past several decades. Alongside this growth, their fecal contamination of surface waters has impaired water quality through significantly increased levels of pathogenic bacteria, raising concerns over the potential for zoonotic disease transmission. Significant remediation of these water quality impacts has been shown as a result of reductions in wild pig populations due to control efforts; however, the duration of these remediation effects as populations rebound remains unclear. Our study sought to determine the longevity of water quality remediation resulting from wild pig population control efforts. We found that median concentrations of Escherichia coli and fecal coliform (CFU/100 mL) increased by 746% and 159% in the year following the conclusion of removal efforts, resulting in median concentrations of 79% and 159% greater than those observed prior. We also found increased public health risk, with samples exceeding E. coli and fecal coliform guidelines 10% and 12% more often than pre‐removal, respectively. While further research into wild pig population dynamics and fecal contamination is necessary, we conclude that ongoing population control efforts may be necessary to remediate water quality impacts and public health risks associated with invasive wild pigs.
外傷性十二指腸損傷に対して，幽門輪温存十二指腸憩室化手術にて救命し得た１例(A case of traumatic duodenal injury saved by pylorus preserving duodenal diverticulation)
Authors: 正雄 成田 , 真由 大山 , 槻 佐粧 , 紘典 鐘ヶ江 , 卓幸 本島 , 奈緒 山本
Published: February 2025

症例は20歳代の女性。鈍的腹部外傷にて当院へ救急搬送された。腹部造影CT検査にて，外傷性十二指腸損傷と第1腰椎破裂骨折を認めたため，外傷性十二指腸損傷に対して同日緊急手術を施行した。十二指腸水平部の後壁に2cm円大の穿孔部を認め，単純閉鎖と大網被覆を施行した。また，損傷部の減圧と食物の流入を防ぐため，幽門輪のすぐ肛門側で胃と十二指腸を離断し，胃空腸吻合による十二指腸憩室化を同時に施行した。術後3日目に術後出血で，開腹止血術を施行した。術後14日目に第1腰椎破裂骨折に対して後方固定術を施行した。その後は，遺残膿瘍に対してドレナージ管理を続け，術後77日目に自宅退院となった。
日本救急医学会 高齢者救急に関する用語の統一概念(Japanese Society for Emergency Medicine, Unified Concepts of Terminology Related to Geriatric Emergency Medicine)
Authors: 薫子 会田 , 丈夫 小豆畑 , 隆男 新井 , 秀樹 石川 , 雄一郎 石上 , 淑恵 井上 , 基高 稲葉 , 心太郎 梶本 , 寿 山下 , 祥一 太田 , 恵介 熊田 , 直 長門 , 裕行 横田 , 伸洋 稲垣 , 昌子 小澤 , 広子 菊池 , 敬士 仁平 , 拓 舩越 , 乃理子 宮川 , 有乃 矢口 , 俊彦 真弓 , 英智 成松
Published: February 2025

医療従事者でもDNARやACP等の用語を正しく理解し使用しているとは限らない。用語が正しく理解し使用されないと，臨床現場での混乱を招く。そのため，DNARやACP等の用語を正しく理解し，使用してもらうために，日本救急医学会高齢者救急委員会では，これらの用語について検討し，用語の統一概念を分かりやすく示すこととした。これらの概念が周知され，浸透し，臨床現場で正しく使用されることによって，共通の認識のもとで医療を実践できるようになることを願うものである。
Solvent Dehydration and Low Temperature Vacuum Drying for SEM Imaging of Pre‐Hatching Frog Embryos
Authors: Zurita‐Paredes Daniela , Flores‐Bolaños Daniela , Vizuete Karla , Debut Alexis , Romero‐Carvajal Andrés
Published: February 2025

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a fundamental technique to study the morphology of anuran embryos and tadpoles. Here, we present a drying method for SEM imaging of late frog embryos using commonly available dehydration solvents such as ethanol or methanol, xylene, and applying low temperature vacuum freeze drying. Briefly, embryos from early embryonic gills development to hatching were fixed with a paraformaldehyde—glutaraldehyde mix, then dehydrated to ethanol or methanol, and then slowly dried using low temperature and constant vacuum pressure. An extra step of clearing using xylene after ethanol dehydration improved results considerably. Our protocol successfully preserved embryo shape and the morphology of fragile and delicate superficial structures (e.g., external embryonic gills, apical ectodermal microridges and surface ciliation), while avoiding the use of some SEM toxic reagents.
Clinical and Multiorgan Proteomics Characteristics of the Diverse Fatal Phase in Super Elderly Patients With SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Wang Shuxia , Sun Jin , Hu Yazhuo , Zhang Wei , Qin Bangguo , Li Man , Zhang Nan , Wang Shengshu , Zhou Tingyu , Liu Miao , Ma Cong , Deng Xinli , Bai Yongyi , Qu Geping , Liu Lin , Shi Hui , Zhou Bo , Li Ke , Yang Bo , Li Suxia , Wang Fan , Ma Jinling , Zhang Lu , Wang Yajuan , An Li , Liu Wenhui , Chang Qing , Zhang Ru , Yin Xi , Yang Yang , Ao Qiangguo , Ma Qiang , Yan Shuangtong , Huang Haili , Song Peng , Zhao Shu , Gao Linggen , Lu Wenning , Xu Lining , Lei Li , Wang Keyu , Song Qing , Zhang Zhijian , Fang Xiangqun , He Yao , Zhang Qi , Jia Jianjun , Zhu Ping
Published: February 2025

This study aims to identify the risk factors associated with clinical outcomes and the proteomic changes in organs related to fatal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection within the super‐elderly population. This retrospective analysis included all elderly individuals with COVID‐19 admitted to the Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from December 2022 to January 2023. The follow‐up period ended on March 30, 2023. During this time, epidemiological, demographic, laboratory, and outcome data were analyzed descriptively. Proteomic sequencing was performed on super‐elderly patients who died from COVID‐19 at different stages of the disease. A total of 352 elderly COVID‐19 patients, with a mean age of 89.84 ± 8.54 years, were included in this study. During a median follow‐up period of 98 days, 79 patients died. Deceased patients were older and more likely to have cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, with a lower prevalence of lipid‐lowering therapy. The number of deaths in the acute and post‐acute phases were 34 and 45, respectively. Proteomics data suggest that the immune systems of patients who died in the acute phase underwent a more rapid and severe onslaught. Patients in the post‐acute phase showed higher levels of viral genome replication and a more robust immune response. However, the over‐activation of the immune system led to systemic organ dysfunction. Effective management of comorbidities may improve the prognosis of COVID‐19 in super‐elderly patients. The continuous replication of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus and its subsequent impact on the immune system are critical determinants of survival time in this demographic.
Effectiveness of nasogastric versus orogastric tube feeding in preterm infants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bharadwaj Shruthi Kumar , Devi Risha , Somanath Sanjana Hansoge , Pullattayil Abdul Kareem , Dhyani Vijay Shree
Published: February 2025

Objectives

This systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluated the effectiveness of nasogastric versus orogastric tube feeding on feeding performance in preterm neonates.

Methods

Randomized, quasi‐randomized, and cross‐over trials published in peer‐reviewed journals with no language or country restrictions were included. Preterm neonates (<37 weeks) receiving nasogastric or orogastric enteral feeding until full oral feeds were established formed the exposure and comparison groups. Primary outcome: time to achieve full enteral feeding; secondary outcomes: feeding performance, growth, and adverse events. A comprehensive literature search across multiple databases was conducted up to January 2024. Two authors independently screened studies, assessed the risk of bias, and performed a meta‐analysis using a random effects model. Evidence levels were determined following Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation guidelines.

Results

Six studies, including 273 preterm neonates, were included. Nasogastric feeding reduced the time to achieve full enteral feeds compared to orogastric feeding (mean difference [MD], −1.62 days; 95% confidence interval [CI], −2.25 to −0.99 days) with very low certainty of evidence. Combined episodes of bradycardia and desaturation per hour were higher in nasogastric feeding than orogastric feeding (MD, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.14–0.34), as were episodes of bradycardia (MD, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.04–0.13) and desaturation (MD, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.10–0.22). No significant differences were found in time to regain birth weight, apnea, necrotizing enterocolitis, or sepsis.

Conclusions

Nasogastric tube feeding reduces the time to achieve full enteral feeds but increases episodes of bradycardia and desaturation compared to orogastric feeding in preterm neonates. Cautious interpretation is required as the low to very low certainty evidence highlights the need for larger, well‐designed trials for evidence‐based recommendations.
Pressure‐Promoted Self‐Trapped Exciton Emission and White‐Light Harvesting in Lead Halide Metal–Organic Frameworks at Ambient Conditions
Authors: Yang Yunfeng , Zhao Xiaohui , Liang Jiaju , Yang Qing , Zhang Ting , Wang Yixuan , Yang Xinyi , Zou Bo
Published: February 2025

Lead halide metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) possess unique advantages in preparing single‐component white‐light‐emitting (WLE) materials due to their broadband emission based on self‐trapping excitons (STEs). However, in order to obtain high‐quality white light emission, challenges remain in adjusting and optimizing the color temperature and color coordinates of broadband STE emission. Herein, we have achieved tunable color emission and high‐quality white light emission with Commission International de l'Eclairage coordinates of (0.32, 0.38) and color temperature of 5777 K at ambient conditions in TMOF‐8(Cl) through pressure treatment. The irreversible lattice distortion after pressure treatment reduces the distance between [PbCl]+ unit and TDC2− unit. The enhanced hydrogen bonding interactions and electronic coupling between the Pb‐s orbitals and ligand energy levels turn on the charge transfer (CT) channel from [PbCl]+ unit to TDC2− unit. Adjusting the degree of lattice distortion can achieve the regulation of the relative intensity of STE and CT emission, thereby obtaining tunable color emission and high‐quality white light emission. This study provides a new perspective on the modulation of broadband STE emission in MOFs materials and a new platform for the development of high‐quality single‐component WLE materials.
Legg‐Calvé‐Perthes Disease: Past and Present
Authors: Frederick Ryan , Ponce Paola
Published: February 2025

Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease (LCPD) is a rare idiopathic condition that primarily affects the femoral head. It is characterized by a sudden necrosis, which leads to permanent and irreversible changes of its normal anatomy. Likely due to its rarity and complex etiology, there is a lacuna of its study in archaeological literature. This paper attempts to address this issue by aiming to (1) gather all known examples of LCPD in the archaeological record worldwide; (2) based on etiological speculation, analyze how individuals may have developed LCPD in the past; (3) assess how LCPD may have affected these individuals; and (4) how they may have managed the effects. In this study, a wide range of resources pertaining to archaeology, osteology, paleopathology, and clinical studies were consulted. The information was extracted from a number of available case studies and osteological site reports despite data‐access difficulties. In the archaeological record, there are 73 reported cases of LCPD affecting individuals, spanning from the Neolithic to the Postmedieval period, across the globe, with its highest peak in the Late Medieval period. Modern clinical literature has provided an empirical platform to investigate what may have caused LCPD in the past, though etiological conjecture continues to prevent any certainty in these extrapolations. The resulting prevalence of the cases of LCPD are also skewed by issues concerning skeletal preservation and inaccessible data, ultimately affecting its representation and the evaluation of the disease's laterality and sex preponderance. Nonetheless, physical debilitation caused by LCPD would have variably inhibited the individuals' mobility, causing pain, compromised quality of life, decline in mental state, and an inability to fully engage in ambulatory activities. However, coexisting osteological markers suggest methods of managing the disease's symptoms, such as resorting to an antalgic gait and/or using upper limb apparatus (crutch).
“Active Larynx”: Preliminary Evaluation of the Reliability of Visual Assessments of Laryngeal Inflammation
Authors: Pattisapu Prasanth , Manning Amy M. , Boutros Michael J. , McNutt Megan , Chiang Tendy , Grischkan Jonathan M. , Lind Meredith N. , Bridges John F.P.
Published: February 2025

Objective

The term “active larynx” is a nonspecific and subjective term used by otolaryngologists to describe laryngeal inflammation that can influence the timing of airway reconstruction. We sought to measure the reliability of visual assessments of laryngeal inflammation for later scale development.

Study Design

A cross‐sectional study.

Setting

Pediatric tertiary care center.

Methods

We created an image library from a direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy database. Blinded judges were asked to rate the characteristics of laryngeal inflammation (edema, erythema, cobblestoned appearance, and ventricular eversion; 5‐point Likert scale), the overall “activeness” of the larynx (10‐point scale), and whether laryngeal inflammation would influence a delay in reconstructive surgery (yes/no). A tentative scale was also constructed. Intraclass correlations with 2‐way random effects, and Fleiss's κ were used to evaluate interrater reliability. The convergent and discriminant validity of the tentative scale were measured.

Results

Three pediatric otolaryngologists reviewed 15 larynges for a total of 45 image ratings. Intraclass coefficients indicated substantial agreement for edema (0.76) and erythema (0.83) and moderate agreement for ventricular eversion (0.58). Cobblestoning had low agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] < 0.20). The agreement was substantial for overall “activeness” (ICC 0.76) and moderate for whether inflammation would delay surgery (ICC 0.47). By Fleiss's κ, edema and erythema had moderate agreement (0.50 and 0.61, respectively), whereas all others had poor agreement. The convergent and discriminant validity of the tentative scale were reassuring.

Conclusion

While the reliability of laryngeal inflammation by visual assessment is variable, the creation of an active larynx scale appears feasible.
Assessment of Tongue Condition in Healthy Adults: Examination From the Perspective of Oriental Medicine
Authors: Itai Shunsuke , Yonenaga Kazumichi , Tonosaki Kanata , Ono Sachiko , Watanabe Rinji , Hoshi Kazuto
Published: February 2025

Aim

Oral cavity is composed of teeth, gums, tongue, mucous membranes, and other components, with the tongue being an important organ in dentistry. In Oriental medicine, the condition of the tongue is highly emphasized for assessing overall health, diseases, and bodily states. In this study, we evaluated the condition of the tongue to describe its varied characteristics.

Methods

We evaluated the condition of 43 healthy adults without underlying medical conditions or medication. Photographic documentation of participant's tongue were taken and multiple physicians and dentists performed tongue examinations based on them. The evaluation was based on several criteria, including tongue quality, morphology, color, moisture level, thickness, and shape of the tongue coating.

Results

There was no significant difference in the condition of the tongue and tongue coating between males and females, both genders showed a higher incidence of tongue enlargement and tooth marks compared to normal observations. Even in individuals without awareness or symptoms, an irregular condition of the tongue was observed in a certain percentage through tongue examination.

Conclusion

Tongue examination proves to be a simple and valuable diagnostic tool, and the observation of the tongue is a familiar practice, especially for oral healthcare professionals. By paying a little more attention to the tongue during routine dental examinations, the study suggests the potential for early detection of diseases or changes in health.
A Note on the Local Observability of Uniform Hypergraphs
Authors: Gerbet Daniel , Röbenack Klaus
Published: February 2025

Hypergraphs generalize graphs in such a way that edges may connect any number of nodes. If all edges are adjacent to the same number of nodes, the hypergraph is called uniform. Thus, a graph is a 2‐uniform hypergraph. Each uniform hypergraph can be identified with an autonomous dynamical state‐space system, whose vector field is composed of homogenous polynomials. We consider the observability of dynamical systems, which possess this special structure. In control theory, the observability of a dynamical system asks for the possibility to reconstruct the systems state from an output trajectory, where the output is a projective measurement of the systems state. In addition, one can ask for the observable subspace of the state. Nonlinear systems, although observable at almost all points in the state space, may possess not‐locally observable ones. The existence and location of such states are important for observability analysis and observer design. Recently, the observability of these hypergraph systems has been studied for the general case. We apply an extended deterministic observability test to uniform hypergraphs and also compute the not‐observable states for different linear output maps. We are able to confirm the results of the recent study, at least for graphs with a small number of nodes, due to the computational complexity of our method. In addition, the not‐locally observable states are computed for different combinations of measured nodes.
What constitutes sustainable agriculture for different audiences in Germany? A comparative analysis of large‐scale text data
Authors: Bartkowski Bartosz , Baaken Marieke Cornelia , Nagpal Mansi , Sodoge Jan , de Brito Mariana Madruga
Published: February 2025

Agriculture contributes in several ways to achieving sustainability objectives. However, there is no agreement among different societal groups, such as farmers, consumers and scientists, on what constitutes ‘sustainable agriculture’. These differences affect how the impacts of agricultural production on sustainability objectives is perceived, which solutions are considered and implemented.

In this paper, we investigate the topics discussed under the heading ‘sustainable agriculture’ in German newspapers and agricultural magazines. To this end, we apply topic modelling to extract topics discussed in these two large‐scale text corpora. We complement these with scientific articles as a contrast case. We run separate topic models for each corpus and use the identified topics to compare the patterns qualitatively.

Results reveal heterogeneity in the topics across the three corpora with limited overlaps restricted to topics such as agricultural policy. This supports the assumption that farmers and the broader society in Germany have very different perceptions of sustainable agriculture. A surprising result is the absence of topics related to climate change from the agricultural magazine corpus.

These disparities may create challenges for designing and implementing democratically legitimized policies to promote sustainable agriculture.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Design, manufacturing, and compressive properties of three‐dimensional woven honeycomb composites
Authors: Liu Tao , Gao Yuxuan , Wang Xiaoyu , Cheng Siqi , Zhu Ruixing , Chen Yue
Published: February 2025

Honeycomb composites show excellent properties with higher specific stiffness and strength compared with traditional composites. This work designed and manufactured a novel three‐dimensional honeycomb composite with an integrated honeycomb core structure through three‐dimensional woven fabricating technology. The influences of boundary effects, hole size and sample width of honeycomb core composites were respectively investigated through experimental and numerical methods. The results show that the rise of free wall number at the edges caused compressive properties to decrease in the weft direction but increase in warp and out of plane directions. The strength of multi free wall samples (2 main bodies) only reaching 93.6% of the few free wall samples (3 main bodies). The mechanisms of hole size affecting the compressive properties include many complicated factors such as structural scale‐law and curing defects. Finally, the decrease of compressive strength along the weft direction with the rise of width was also due to the earlier buckling failure of the honeycomb wall. The investigation of this work benefits to the design and application of the proposed honeycomb composites in many special fields.

Highlights

A new three‐dimensional honeycomb core structure was designed and manufactured.

The compressive behaviors of honeycomb composites were studied in detail.

The number of free walls has great impacts on honeycomb composites.

The mechanism of hole size effects on honeycomb composites is complicated.

Fiber defects and buckling affect properties along weft direction apparently.
Development of high‐performance silk‐based composite films with enhanced thermal conductivity and EMI shielding effectiveness
Authors: Lee Jaekyung , Kim Jaeyeon , Kwon Oju , Lee Subin , Su Pei‐Chen , Kim Jooheon
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the development of a high‐performance silk‐based polymer composite with enhanced thermal conductivity and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding capabilities. This composite achieved significantly improved thermal and electrical properties by incorporating 3‐(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES)‐functionalized reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into a silk nanofiber (SNF) matrix. The APTES surface treatment enhanced the chemical bonding between the filler–filler and filler–matrix interfaces, resulting in enhanced compatibility and dispersion, as well as the formation of effective conductive networks. Furthermore, the incorporation of AgNPs facilitated conductive bridging between the rGO sheets and the SNF matrix, thereby enhancing the continuity of thermal and electrical pathways. By employing an aerogel intermediate layer in conjunction with hot‐pressing techniques, a dense and compact structure with continuous conductive pathways was created. Owing to this synergistic approach, the SNF/f‐rGO@Ag composite achieved a high through‐plane thermal conductivity of 4.23 W/m·K and an EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of 59.1 dB. These properties render the composite well‐suited for applications in advanced electronic devices that require efficient thermal management and robust EMI shielding.

Highlights

APTES surface functionalization improves filler dispersion and compatibility.

f‐Ag acts as a bridge between f‐rGO themselves and the SNF matrix.

Aerogel intermediate contributes to the formation of continuous conduction pathways

SNF/f‐rGO@Ag composite achieved 4.23 W/m·K through‐plane thermal conductivity.

EMI shielding effectiveness of SNF/f‐rGO@Ag reached 59.1 dB, outperforming benchmarks.