bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nickel Alloys for High Efficiency Fossil Power Plants
Authors: Agarwal D.C. , Gehrmann B.
Published: February 2025

To address the escalating energy demands of the 21st century and meet environmental protection objectives, new fossil-fueled power plant concepts must be developed with enhanced efficiency and advanced technologies for CO2, sulfur oxide, and nitrogen reduction. As plant temperatures and pressures increase to improve overall efficiency, the property requirements for alloys used in critical components become increasingly demanding, particularly regarding creep rupture strength, high-temperature corrosion resistance, and other essential characteristics. Newer and existing nickel alloys emerge as promising candidates for these challenging applications, necessitating comprehensive development through detailed property investigations across multiple categories. These investigations encompass a holistic approach, including chemical composition analysis, physical and chemical properties, mechanical and technological properties (addressing short-term and long-term behaviors, aging effects, and thermal stability), creep and fatigue characteristics, fracture mechanics, fabrication process optimization, welding performance, and component property evaluations. The research spans critical areas such as materials development for membrane walls, headers, piping, reheater and superheater components, and various other high-temperature power plant elements. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of existing and newly developed nickel alloys employed in components of fossil-fueled, high-efficiency 700°C steam power plants, highlighting the intricate materials science challenges and innovative solutions driving next-generation power generation technologies.
Material Development and Mechanical Integrity Analysis for Advanced Steam Turbines
Authors: Pirscher Andreas , Scarlin Brendon , Vanstone Rod
Published: February 2025

Development activities initiated over a decade ago within the COST 522 program and continuing through the COST 536 Action have yielded significant progress in constructing a new generation of steam power plants capable of operating under advanced steam conditions. These innovative plants promise substantially improved thermal efficiency, with steam temperatures reaching up to 620°C (1150°F). Recent successful power plant orders in Europe and the United States stem from critical advancements, including the development, testing, and qualification of 10% Cr steels with enhanced long-term creep properties for high-temperature components such as turbine rotors and valve casings. Extensive in-house development efforts have focused on fabrication, weldability, mechanical integrity, and fracture mechanics evaluations of full-sized forged and cast components. These materials will be implemented in several new coal-fired power plants, notably the Hempstead plant in the USA, which will operate with live steam temperatures of 599°C (1111°F) and reheat steam temperatures of 607°C (1125°F). The improved creep properties enable the construction of casings with reduced wall thicknesses, offering greater thermal flexibility at lower component costs and facilitating welded turbine rotors for high-temperature applications without requiring cooling in the steam inlet region. Looking forward, further efficiency improvements are anticipated through the introduction of nickel alloys in steam turbine and boiler components, with the European AD700 project targeting reheat steam temperatures of 720°C (1328°F) and the US Department of Energy project aiming even higher at 760°C (1400°F). The AD700 project has already demonstrated the technical feasibility of such advanced steam power plants, with engineering tasks progressing toward the construction of a 550 MW demonstration plant, while DOE activities continue to address boiler concerns and focus on rotor welding, mechanical integrity, and steam oxidation resistance.
Effects of Fuel Composition and Temperature on Fireside Corrosion Resistance of Advanced Materials in Ultra-Supercritical Coal-Fired Power Plants
Authors: Hack Horst , Stanko Greg
Published: February 2025

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the Ohio Coal Development Office (OCDO) are co-sponsoring a multi-year project managed by Energy Industries of Ohio (EIO) to evaluate materials for ultra-supercritical (USC) coal-fired boilers. USC technology improves cycle efficiency and reduces CO2 and pollutant emissions. With turbine throttle steam conditions reaching 732°C (1350°F) at 35 MPa (5000 psi), current boiler materials, which operate below 600°C (1112°F), lack the necessary high-temperature strength and corrosion resistance. This study focuses on the fireside corrosion resistance of candidate materials through field testing. Evaluated materials include ferritic steels (SAVE12, P92, HCM12A), austenitic stainless steels (Super304H, 347HFG, HR3C), and high-nickel alloys (Haynes 230, CCA617, Inconel 740, HR6W), along with protective coatings (weld overlays, diffusion coatings, laser claddings). Prior laboratory tests assessed corrosion under synthesized coal-ash and flue gas conditions for three North American coal types (Eastern bituminous, Midwestern high-sulfur bituminous, and Western sub-bituminous), with temperatures ranging from 455°C (850°F) to 870°C (1600°F). Promising materials were installed on retractable corrosion probes in three utility boilers burning different coal types. The probes maintained metal temperatures between 650°C (1200°F) and 870°C (1600°F). This paper presents new fireside corrosion probe results after approximately one year of exposure for Midwestern and Western coal types.
Impact of Steam-Side Oxidation on Boiler Heat Exchanger Tubes Design
Authors: Billard P. , Fillon R. , Gabrel J. , Vandenberghe B.
Published: February 2025

In fossil-fired boilers, combustion-generated thermal energy transfers to the working fluid via exchanger tubes, where an internal oxide layer forms over time, reducing thermal conductivity and raising metal temperatures. This self-activating process accelerates creep damage, significantly shortening component lifespan. Boiler design codes set Maximum Allowable Stresses based on mechanical properties, primarily creep resistance, but oxidation effects are only indirectly considered through “design temperature” selection—an approach inadequate for next-generation high-performance boilers with increasingly severe steam conditions. This paper highlights the need to integrate oxidation behavior into the design of advanced heat-exchanging components by examining the impact of steam oxidation on tube lifespan, including oxide layer growth, metal loss, temperature rise, and reduced creep rupture time, with thermal flux effects illustrated through examples. It also compares the behavior of two 9-12Cr% steels: Grade 92, known for strong creep resistance, and VM12, which offers superior oxidation resistance. Additionally, it proposes a revised “design temperature” expression incorporating oxidation resistance performance indices and exchanger thermal characteristics. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for further research into oxidation kinetics, thermal properties, and oxide layer exfoliation mechanisms.
Steamside Oxidation Behavior of Experimental 9%Cr Steels
Authors: Doğan Ö. N. , Holcomb G. R. , Alman D.E. , Jablonski P. D.
Published: February 2025

Reducing emissions and increasing economic competitiveness require more efficient steam power plants that utilize fossil fuels. One of the major challenges in designing these plants is the availability of materials that can stand the supercritical and ultra-supercritical steam conditions at a competitive cost. There are several programs around the world developing new ferritic and austenitic steels for superheater and reheater tubes exposed to the advanced steam conditions. The new steels must possess properties better than current steels in terms of creep strength, steamside oxidation resistance, fireside corrosion resistance, and thermal fatigue resistance. This paper introduces a series of experimental 9%Cr steels containing Cu, Co, and Ti. Stability of the phases in the new steels is discussed and compared to the phases in the commercially available materials. The steels were tested under both the dry and moist conditions at 650°C for their cyclical oxidation resistance. Results of oxidation tests are presented. Under the moist conditions, the experimental steels exhibited significantly less mass gain compared to the commercial P91 steel. Microstructural characterization of the scale revealed different oxide compositions.
An Investigation of Key Experimental Parameters in Steam Oxidation Testing and the Impact they have on the Interpretation of Experimental Results
Authors: Fry A. T.
Published: February 2025

The acceptance of materials for long-term, safety-critical power generation applications requires multiple testing stages and data generation. Initial screening involves short-term exposures under simplified, constant atmospheres and temperatures, which can eliminate unsuitable materials but fail to distinguish between those with broadly acceptable properties. Subsequent pilot plant testing, costing over £100K for month-long exposures, is typically required. An intermediate laboratory testing step that better replicates in-service conditions would offer a cost-effective approach to material selection and lifetime prediction. For steam oxidation degradation, key experimental parameters—such as water chemistry, pressure, steam delivery, and flow rate—must be tailored to produce oxide scale morphologies similar to those observed in actual plant conditions. This study examines the effects of these parameters through steam exposure tests on ferritic (P92), austenitic (Esshete 1250), and superalloy (IN740) materials. Results indicate that oxidation rates vary with dissolved oxygen levels in feed water, increasing for austenitic materials and decreasing for ferritic materials, while also influencing spallation tendencies. Additionally, steam pressure and delivery methods impact oxidation rates and scale morphology. A comparison with service-exposed materials revealed that traditional oxide scale morphologies were not adequately replicated, whereas cyclic oxidation tests provided a closer match to service-grown scales.
Service Experience with a Retrofit Modified 9Cr (Grade 91) Steel Header
Authors: Brett S J
Published: February 2025

In 2004, extensive Type IV cracking was discovered in the branch and attachment welds of a modified 9Cr (Grade 91) header after 58,000 hours of service. The header, installed as a retrofit in a 500MW unit in 1992, was inspected early due to concerns over the incorporation of low nitrogen-to-aluminum (N:Al) ratio components, a factor previously linked to premature failures of this steel grade in the UK. Investigations confirmed the presence of coarse aluminum nitride (AlN) precipitates, a depleted VN-type MX precipitate population, and reduced parent and Type IV creep strength in low N:Al ratio material. Cracking predominantly occurred on the header barrel sides of the welds in material that, despite meeting ASTM compositional requirements, exhibited this unfavorable N:Al ratio. This paper summarizes the inspection history, detailing crack distribution observed in 2004 and a subsequent outage in 2006. The findings are analyzed in the context of Grade 91’s Type IV creep life shortfall and its dependence on chemical composition, with broader implications for other Grade 91 components in service.
The Estimation of Residual Life of Low-Alloy Cast Steel Cr-Mo-V Type after Long-Term Creep Service
Authors: Zieliński A. , Dobrzański J. , Renowicz D. , Hernas A.
Published: February 2025

This study examined a three-way steam pipe made from low-alloy cast Cr-Mo-V steel after more than 100,000 hours of creep service. The investigation compared the microstructure and mechanical properties at both room and elevated temperatures to the material's initial state, including impact transition temperatures. The research utilized shortened creep tests under various conditions of stress and temperature, along with extensive investigations of both low-alloy Cr-Mo-V and high-alloyed 12Cr-Mo-V steels, to develop methods for estimating service life and residual life in practical applications. The findings enabled the development of parameter selection methods for long-term creep tests and helped determine the residual life of the low-alloy Cr-Mo-V cast steel. Additional low-cycle isothermal and thermal fatigue tests were conducted to assess the overall degree of material property degradation, with results being applicable to the diagnostics of pressure installations in power stations.
Application of a Comprehensive R&D Concept to Improve Long-Term Creep Behavior of Martensitic 9-12% Cr Steels
Authors: Cerjak H. , Holzer I. , Mayr P. , Pein C. , Sonderegger B. , Kozeschnik E.
Published: February 2025

The Institute for Materials Science, Welding and Forming (IWS) conducts extensive research on modern martensitic 9-12% Cr steels intended for use in environmentally friendly power plants. Their comprehensive research program encompasses mechanical testing of base and weld metals, analysis of creep and damage mechanisms, weldability studies, microstructural evolution during creep, mathematical modeling of precipitation and coarsening kinetics, and simulation of complex heat treatments and creep deformation behavior. Through these interconnected projects, which are briefly described, IWS develops a thorough understanding of these materials while working toward a quantitative model of their creep behavior.
Microstructural Characterization of Modern Martensitic Steels
Authors: Maile K. , Kauffmann F. , Klenk A. , Roos E. , Straub S. , Mayer K.H.
Published: February 2025

TAF steel is a Japanese high-boron 10.5% Cr martensitic stainless steel known for its exceptional high-temperature creep strength. Its high boron content (300-400 ppm) limited practical applications due to reduced hot workability in large turbine components. Recent research suggests that increasing boron content while adjusting nitrogen levels could enhance creep properties by promoting fine vanadium carbonitride formation while preventing boron nitride formation. This study presents microstructural investigations, particularly using transmission electron microscopy, focusing on precipitation characteristics and long-term precipitate evolution within the COST 536 framework.
Towards a Standard for Creep-Fatigue Testing
Authors: Holdsworth S R , Gandy D.
Published: February 2025

Procedures for assessing components subjected to cyclic loading at high temperatures require material property data that characterize creep-fatigue deformation behavior and resistance to cracking. While several standards and codes define test procedures for acquiring low cycle fatigue (LCF) and creep properties, no formal guidelines exist for determining creep-fatigue data. This paper reviews the results of a global survey conducted by EPRI to support the development of a new draft testing procedure intended for submission to ASTM and, ultimately, ISO standards committees. The survey included a review of relevant national and international standards, as well as responses to a questionnaire distributed to high-temperature testing specialists in Europe, North America, and Japan. Additionally, standards related to the calibration of load, extension, and temperature measurement devices were examined. The questionnaire responses provided insights into test specimen geometry, testing equipment, control and measurement of load, extension, and temperature, and data acquisition practices. This paper outlines the background and considerations for the proposed guidance in the new standard.
Rupture Strength Data for Austenitic Stainless Steels: Experiences Gained with Demanding Data Analyses
Authors: Spindler M W , Andersson H
Published: February 2025

The European Creep Collaborative Committee Working Group on Austenitic Stainless Steels (WG3B) has conducted comprehensive reviews of existing rupture strength values, compiled data for both existing and new grades of austenitic steels, and performed new assessments of rupture strength for these materials. Specifically, new creep rupture data assessments have been carried out for TP316L, TP316, Alloy 800H, Alloy 800HT, 253MA, Esshete 1250, HR3C, NF709, and NF709R. Various data analysis methods were applied by different assessors, and notably, most encountered similar challenges in simultaneously fitting high-stress, low-temperature data and low-stress, high-temperature data. These difficulties are consistent with those observed in assessments of modified 9Cr and 12Cr alloys. This paper summarizes WG3B’s experiences with such complex datasets and proposes several potential solutions to address these challenges.
Improved Methods of Creep-Fatigue Life Assessment of Components
Authors: Scholz A. , Berger C.
Published: February 2025

Here’s a refined version of your abstract for improved clarity, grammar, and readability: Enhanced life assessment methods contribute to the long-term operation of high-temperature components by reducing technical risks and increasing economic benefits. This study investigates creep-fatigue behavior under multi-stage loading, including cold start, warm start, and hot start cycles, as seen in medium-loaded power plants. During hold times, creep and stress relaxation accelerate crack initiation. Creep-fatigue life can be estimated using a modified damage accumulation rule that incorporates the fatigue fraction rule for fatigue damage and the life fraction rule for creep damage while accounting for mean stress effects, internal stress, and creep-fatigue interaction. In addition to generating advanced creep, fatigue, and creep-fatigue data, scatter band analyses are necessary to establish design curves and lower-bound properties. To improve life prediction methods, further advancements in deformation and lifetime modeling are essential. Verification requires complex experiments under variable creep conditions and multi-stage creep-fatigue interactions. A key challenge remains the development of methods to translate uniaxial material properties to multiaxial loading scenarios. Additionally, this study introduces a constitutive material model, implemented as a user subroutine for finite element applications, to simulate start-up and shut-down phases of components. Material parameter identification has been achieved using neural networks.
Advances in Welded Creep Resistant 9-12% Cr Steels
Authors: Abson D.J. , Rothwell J. S. , Cane B. J.
Published: February 2025

Research on high chromium ferritic materials for high temperature power plant components generally concentrates on the properties of the parent steel. Weldments, however, are often the weak link, leading to premature failures and associated forced outages and high maintenance spend. Clearly, consideration of the creep performance of weld metals and associated heat-affected zones (HAZs) in these materials is important. Despite this, relevant weldment creep rupture data are not commonly available, and weldment creep rupture “strength reduction factors” are not always known. This paper provides comment on the available information on parent materials, and highlights the need for the assessment of the creep performance of weldments. Strategies for increasing HAZ creep rupture strength are reviewed, and some available weldment data are considered. Less conventional welding processes (GTA/TIG variants and EB welding) appear to provide improved creep performance of weldments. They therefore merit further study, and should be considered for welding the new steel grades, particularly in supercritical and ultra-supercritical applications.
Weldability Investigation of Inconel Alloy 740 for Ultrasupercritical Boiler Applications
Authors: Sanders John M. , Ramirez Jose E. , Baker Brian A.
Published: February 2025

Inconel alloy 740, a precipitation-hardenable nickel-chromium-cobalt alloy with niobium addition, has emerged as a leading candidate material for ultra-supercritical (USC) boilers due to its superior stress rupture strength and corrosion resistance at operating temperatures near 760°C. While derived from Nimonic alloy 263, alloy 740's unique chemistry necessitates comprehensive weldability studies to address potential challenges including heat-affected zone liquation cracking, ductility-dip cracking, and post-weld heat treatment cracking. This ongoing investigation examines the alloy's weldability characteristics through material characterization studies comparing its cracking sensitivity to established aerospace alloys like Waspalloy and Inconel alloy 718. The research applies aerospace industry expertise to boiler applications requiring sections up to three inches thick, with gas tungsten arc welding and pulsed gas metal arc welding identified as the most promising processes for producing sound, crack-free welds.
Behavior of New Pipe Steels and Their Welds in Modern High Efficiency Power Stations with High Steam Parameter
Authors: Bendick W. , Hahn Bernd , Heuser Herbert , Fuchs Russel
Published: February 2025

The rising global energy demand has led to a surge in the construction of high-efficiency power plants with advanced steam parameters. National and international projects indicate that fossil fuels will continue to be the primary source of power generation in the coming years, despite significant efforts and progress in utilizing alternative energy sources. Economic pressures and climate protection concerns necessitate more cost-efficient and environmentally sustainable energy production. Achieving this requires reducing specific fuel and heat consumption per kilowatt-hour, making it essential to improve the efficiency of new power plants beyond those commissioned in Germany between 1992 and 2002. While new construction and process innovations contribute to efficiency gains, the primary factors driving improvement are increased steam pressure and temperature. Current design parameters include steam temperatures of 605 °C (live steam) and 625 °C (hot reheat steam), along with pressures of 300 bar (live steam) and 80 bar (hot reheat steam), which have become critical for obtaining building and operating licenses in Germany. However, the European Creep Collaborative Committee’s (ECCC) 2005 reassessment of the creep strength of steel T/P92 (X10CrWMoVNb9-2) has placed limitations on further increasing steam temperatures beyond 625 °C.
Selection of Erosion Resistant Materials in the Severe Environment of Coal Fired Power Plants
Authors: Harley Chris
Published: February 2025

Competitive pressures throughout the power generation market are forcing individual power plants to extend time between scheduled outages, and absolutely avoid costly forced outages. Coal fired power plant owners expect their engineering and maintenance teams to identify, predict and solve potential outage causing equipment failures and use the newest advanced technologies to resolve and evade these situations. In coal fired power plants, erosion not only leads to eventual failure, but during the life cycle of a component, affects the performance and efficiency due to the loss of engineered geometry. “Wear” is used very generally to describe a component wearing out; however, there are numerous “modes of wear.” Abrasion, erosion, and corrosion are a few of the instigators of critical component wear, loss of geometry, and eventual failure in coal fired plants. Identification of the wear derivation is critical to selecting the proper material to avoid costly down-times and extend outage to outage goals. This paper will focus on the proper selection of erosion resistant materials in the severe environment of a coal fired power plant by qualifying lab results with actual field experiences.
Alloys for Advanced Steam Turbines—Oxidation Behavior
Authors: Holcomb G. R.
Published: February 2025

Advanced ultra-supercritical (USC) steam power plants promise higher efficiencies and lower emissions. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) aims to achieve 60% efficiency in coal-based power generation, requiring steam temperatures of up to 760°C. This study presents ongoing research on the oxidation behavior of candidate materials for advanced steam turbines, with a focus on estimating chromium evaporation rates from protective chromia scales. Due to the high velocities and pressures in advanced steam turbines, evaporation rates of CrO2(OH)2(g) are predicted to reach up to 5 × 10−8 kg m−2s−1 at 760°C and 34.5 MPa, corresponding to a solid chromium loss of approximately 0.077 mm per year.
Overview of Oxy-Combustion Technology for Utility Coal-Fired Boilers
Authors: Vitalis Brian
Published: February 2025

With nearly half of the world's electricity generation fueled by coal and an increasing focus on limiting carbon dioxide emissions, several technologies are being evaluated and developed to capture and prevent such emissions while continuing to use this primary fossil energy resource. One method aimed at facilitating the capture and processing of the resulting carbon dioxide product is oxy-combustion. With appropriate adjustments to the process, the approach is applicable to both new and existing power plants. In oxy-combustion, rather than introducing ambient air to the system for burning the fuel, oxygen is separated from the nitrogen and used alone. Without the nitrogen from the air to dilute the flue gas, the flue gas volume leaving the system is significantly reduced and consists primarily of carbon dioxide and water vapor. Once the water vapor is reduced by condensation, the purification and compression processes otherwise required for carbon dioxide transport and sequestration are significantly reduced. As an introduction to and overview of this technology, the paper summarizes the basic concepts and system variations, for both new boiler and retrofit applications, and also serves as an organized review of subsystem issues identified in recent literature and publications. Topics such as the air separation units, flue gas recirculation, burners and combustion, furnace performance, emissions, air infiltration issues, and materials issues are introduced.
Versos e reversos do familismo em debate
Authors: Cristiane Bonfim Fernandez
Published: February 2025

O texto aborda discursos e tendências sobre familismo, a partir do debate em periódicos científicos nacionais e internacionais. Para tanto, foi feita uma revisão integrativa na base de dados scielo.br. A partir do descritor familismo, foram mapeados 18 artigos e selecionados 9. Há um predomínio de artigos em periódicos brasileiros e de autoria de estrangeiros; um equilíbrio na distribuição das produções no período de 1998-2022 e uma heterogeneidade na compreensão do familismo conforme o contexto sócio-histórico. Os resultados apontam que a família se configura uma importante força política em busca da definição dos rumos da sociedade, cujo posicionamento converge e/ou diverge dos espectros políticos de diferentes contextos socio históricos. A família pode sobrecarregar-se ao assumir responsabilidades pela ausência do Estado, pode confrontá-lo ou ser cooptado por ele. Conclui-se que a presença de famílias/familismo tem contribuído para construção da cultura brasileira, latino-americana e europeia.  
 
Palavras-chave: Familismo. Família. Familiar
The Reality of Applying the E-learning Experience at Al Nahda University College from the Point of View of Students and Faculty Members
Authors: Hewary Olash Abdalrheem , Hasb Allah Abdelsalam Alkhider , Alhariry Awatif Esmaail
Published: February 2025

Objectives: The study aimed to explore the reality of implementing e-learning at Al-Nahda University College from the perspectives of faculty members and students. It also sought to uncover the obstacles to e-learning usage at the college, as seen by these groups. Methods: The researchers adopted a descriptive method. The study involved 250 faculty members and 800 students. A stratified random sample was selected including 42 faculty members (representing 44% of the study population) and 187 students, The researchers relied on the questionnaire as the main tool for collecting information. Results: The study concluded with several key findings: e-learning techniques are effective and cover all aspects of the curriculum, and there is a smooth transition from traditional to electronic education. Faculty members are convinced of the value of e-learning and find the assessment methods diverse and appropriate. Conclusions: the researchers recommend that the college should prioritize the technical aspects related to the electronic infrastructure, such as enhancing network strength and servers, to improve internet speed. There is also a need to introduce a course across all faculties and a specialization that includes key electronic applications used in e-learning and emphasizes its importance. The Ministry of Higher Education is encouraged to formally adopt and support the e-learning system. Finally, there is a necessity for a high-efficiency technical support system to develop and manage these systems effectively.
درجة توظيف معلمي اللغة العربية لاستراتيجية الخرائط الذهنية الإلكترونية في تدريس طلبتهم
Authors: المزين خالد محمد عبد اللطيف
Published: February 2025

الأهداف: هدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى درجة توظيف معلمي اللغة العربية لاستراتيجية الخرائط الذهنية الإلكترونية في تدريس طلبتهم. المنهجية: لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي، وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (207) معلمًا ومعلمة للغة العربية، واستخدم الباحث أداة الاستبانة لجمع البيانات. النتائج: توصلت الدراسة إلى أن مجال التنفيذ هو أكثر درجة توظيف معلمي اللغة العربية لاستراتيجية الخرائط الذهنية الإلكترونية في تدريس طلبتهم، حيث بلغ وزنها النسبي75.1%، أما مجال التخطيط كانت أقل درجة توظيف معلمي اللغة العربية لاستراتيجية الخرائط الذهنية الإلكترونية في تدريس طلبتهم، حيث بلغ وزنها النسبي 73.6%، كما تبين أن الدرجة الكلية لدرجة توظيف معلمي اللغة العربية لاستراتيجية الخرائط الذهنية الإلكترونية في تدريس طلبتهم، كانت 74.7% وهو مستوى مرتفع، وأظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق في آراء عينة الدراسة حول درجة توظيف معلمي اللغة العربية لاستراتيجية الخرائط الذهنية الإلكترونية في تدريس طلبتهم تعزى للجنس، وسنوات الخدمة. الخلاصة: توصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من الآليات اللازمة لتطوير توظيف معلمي اللغة العربية لاستراتيجية الخرائط الذهنية الإلكترونية في التدريس، ومنها: تدريب معلمي اللغة العربية على تحديد وسائل واستراتيجيات التقويم المحددة وفق استراتيجية الخرائط الذهنية الإلكترونية، كذلك تدريب معلمي اللغة العربية على مراعاه مهارات التأمل الذاتي قبل وبعد تنفيذ استراتيجية الخرائط الذهنية الإلكترونية.
التأثيرات المباشرة وغير المباشرة للخبرة والمؤهل الدراسي على الأداء الإداري عبر اتجاهات الموظفين نحو استخدام منهجية كايزن في مديرية التربية بمحافظة الداخلية
Authors: القصابي خليفة بن أحمد , الرواحيــة طيبــة بنت سيــف , الذهلي ربيع بن المر
Published: February 2025

الأهداف: هدفت هذه الدراسة للتعرف إلى التأثيرات المباشرة وغير المباشرة للخبرة والمؤهل الدراسي على الأداء الإداري عبر اتجاهات الموظفين نحو استخدام منهجية كايزن في مديرية التربية بمحافظة الداخلية. المنهجية: استخدم الباحثون المنهج الوصفي من خلال استبانة طبقت على عينة مكونة من (190) موظفًا. النتائج: أظهرت نتائج الدراسة وجود تأثير سلبي مباشر ودال إحصائيا للمؤهل الدراسي على الاتجاه نحو استخدام منهجية كايزن، وتأثير مباشر موجب للخبرة على الاتجاه نحو استخدام منهجية كايزن، ووجود تأثير مباشر موجب للاتجاه نحو منهجية كايزن على الأداء الإداري، ووجود تأثير غير مباشر موجب للخبرة على الأداء الإداري عبر اتجاهات الموظفين نحو استخدام منهجية كايزن، بالإضافة إلى وجود تأثير غير مباشر سالب للمؤهل على الأداء الإداري عبر اتجاهات الموظفين نحو استخدام منهجية كايزن. الخلاصة: أوصت الدراسة بضرورة الاستفادة من العلاقة بين خبرات الموظفين وأدائهم الإداري عند عمليات التطوير، وكذلك الاستفادة من العلاقة بين خبرات الموظفين وأدائهم الإداري عند التأثير على اتجاهاتهم نحو منهجيات التطوير.
مستوى مهارات مديري المدارس في تقييم أداء الموظفين وفق منظومة قياس الأداء الفردي (إجادة) من وجهة نظرهم
Authors: آل الشيخ عزيزة بنت سعيد , الجابري أحمد بن سليمان , البلوشية شيخة بنت بطي , الذهلي ربيع بن المر , القصابي خليفة بن أحمد , اليحمدي حمد بن هلال , القضاة محمد إسماعيل
Published: February 2025

الأهداف: هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى التعرف على مستوى مهارات مديري المدارس في تقييم أداء الموظفين وفق منظومة قياس الأداء الفردي (إجادة) من وجهة نظرهم. المنهجية: تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي، كما استخدمت الاستبانة كأداة للدراسة، مكونة من (26) فقرة موزعة على (4) أبعاد، بالإضافة إلى سؤال مفتوح حول التحديات التي يواجهونها، وبعد التأكد من صدقها وثباتها؛ طبقت على (98) مديرًا أي بنسبة 30% من مديري المدارس في ثلاث محافظات (مسقط- الداخلية- الظاهرة). النتائج: بينت نتائج الدراسة أن مستوى مهارات مديري المدارس في تقييم أداء الموظفين وفق منظومة (إجادة) من وجهة نظرهم كان متوسط في الأبعاد (الإدارية- التحليلية- الفنية)، ومرتفع في البعد (الإنساني). الخلاصة: تم تقديم مجموعة توصيات أهمها: توفير دورات تدريبية لمديري المدارس في تحليل مؤشرات نتائج تقييم الأداء في منظومة إجادة، وورش عملية في تقديم التغذية الراجعة البناءة للموظفين المستخلصة من تقييمهم، وورش تدريبية في طرق موائمة الأهداف بالنتائج، وطرق احتساب التقييم.
A Comprehensive Review of Chromosome 7, Partial Monosomy 7p Syndrome
Authors: Asadi Shahin
Published: February 2025

Partial monosomy syndrome of chromosome 7p is a rare chromosomal disorder characterized by the deletion (monosomy) of part of the short arm (p) of chromosome number 7 (7p). Associated symptoms and findings may be variable and may depend on the size and specific location of the 7p deleted segment. However, in many cases, there is premature closure of the fibrous joints (cranial sutures) between some of the bones of the skull (craniosynostosis), leading to an abnormal head shape. For example, depending on the specific sutures involved, the forehead may appear unusually "triangular" (trigonocephaly) or the head may appear abnormally long and narrow with a pointed or conical point (turricephaly). Partial monosomy syndrome of chromosome 7p is also usually characterized by premature closure of one or more fibrous joints (cranial sutures) between certain bones in the skull (craniosynostosis), potentially leading to a deformed skull and abnormal head shape. In people with partial monosomy syndrome of chromosome 7p, there is a deletion (monosomy) of part of the short arm (p) of chromosome number 7. Based on reports in the medical literature, there is considerable variability in the size and location of the 7p deleted segment, potentially affecting the range and severity of symptoms and associated findings. Reported cases include variable "distal" deletions that extend to the terminal band (eg., from 7p13-pter to 7p21, p22-pter) and various "interstitial" deletions (eg., from 7p13 or 7p15 to 7p21).
Comparison of Acamprosate and Naltrexone Treatment in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) for Relapse Prevention
Authors: Jbara Jalal
Published: February 2025

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a common disorder in the modern world. Interventions and treatments for AUD have not changed since 2010, using psychosocial interventions and medications such as acamprosate and naltrexone. The comparison between the effectiveness of acamprosate and naltrexone was conducted to provide the best option for relapse prevention and abstinence maintenance. The results were that some studies found that naltrexone was twice as effective as acamprosate in preventing relapses over a year. Others showed that acamprosate had better results in increasing the abstinence rate [OR: 1.88 (1.57, 2.25), P < 0.001] and naltrexone, on the other hand, had a significantly reduced relapse rate [OR: 0.62 (0, 52, 0.75), P < 0.001], but with no noticeable difference in abstinence rate [OR: 1.26 (0.97, 1.64), P = 0.08]. Furthermore, the combination of acamprosate and naltrexone was incomparably better at preventing relapse. In summary, naltrexone shows overall better results in preventing relapse and increasing abstinence rates.
Percepción de los factores protectores en docentes de una institución de educación superior en Colombia
Authors: Peña Meneses Gilma Rocio , Rojas Burgos Efren Eduardo
Published: February 2025

Introducción: Los factores psicosociales laborales son características de la organización, que afectan el bienestar de las personas, la forma como se adaptan a los entornos, el manejo del estrés y las cargas laborales. Las organizaciones deben tener elementos protectores que reduzcan los niveles de exposición a los factores de riesgo psicosocial. Así, este estudio busca conocer la percepción que tienen los profesores de una institución de educación superior en Colombia frente a 5 factores principales del instrumento ENPROS1. Metodología: Se toma una muestra aleatoria de 50 profesores, el tratamiento de datos se realizó con SPSS a partir del análisis de componentes principales y se aplicó la regresión a la matriz de componentes factoriales. Resultados: Se encontraron 10 componentes principales en las 4 dimensiones. Discusión: En la quinta dimensión, sobre trabajo en equipo y ambiente psicosocial no se encontró varianza, dado que la evaluación de los docentes fue de 5 para más del 90 %, por tanto, no se realiza el análisis de componentes principales. Conclusiones: Una conclusión relevante es que la organización parece experimentar variaciones notables en cómo las dimensiones específicas se correlacionan con diferentes grupos, es decir, los docentes tienen percepciones diferentes sobre los factores protectores.
Trends in forming digital competence of future teachers in university education
Authors: Sapohov Mykyta
Published: February 2025

The article examines current trends in the formation of digital competence among future teachers in the context of the digital transformation of education. The concept of digital competence is analyzed based on international and national standards, particularly DigCompEdu and the Standard of Pedagogical Education of Ukraine. Special attention is given to key components of digital competence, including the use of digital resources, interactive learning, assessment of student achievements in a digital environment, and the development of students' digital literacy. The study highlights the role of digital technologies in teacher training, focusing on the use of online courses (Coursera, EdX, Prometheus, Moodle), distance learning platforms, and adaptive learning systems. The integration of augmented and virtual reality into the learning process, the impact of artificial intelligence on personalized education, as well as the effectiveness of gamification and interactive methods in teacher preparation, are analyzed in detail. Key challenges in implementing digital technologies in higher pedagogical education are identified, including insufficient teacher training in digital tools, the absence of a unified methodology for assessing students' digital competence, technical and organizational barriers to the adoption of innovative technologies, and the psychological aspects of student adaptation to digital learning. The article outlines the prospects for the development of digital competence among future educators, emphasizing the importance of collaboration between universities, technology companies, and EdTech platforms. The study also explores the adaptation of international best practices, the development of innovative educational methodologies, and the projected growth of digital pedagogy. It is anticipated that the role of digital tools in the learning process will continue to expand, leading to the widespread adoption of innovative technologies to enhance education quality.
ІНКЛЮЗИВНІСТЬ У ГУРТОЖИТКАХ ЗАКЛАДІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Філоненко О. І. , Токарь Б. С.
Published: February 2025

В статті проаналізовано планувальні рішення існуючого гуртожитку та заходи по підвищенню його інклюзивності.Розроблено рекомендації по організації безбар’єрного простору для проживання людей з особливими потребами. Представлені заходи із забезпечення доступності укриття в підвальному поверсі та з улаштування обладнання прибудинкової території.
A comprehensive review on persuading employees in creative industries
Authors: Ebrahiminejad Mehran , Amin Fereshteh , Sharifi Seyed Mehdi
Published: February 2025

Employees are the main and invaluable resources of any organization to provide useful ideas and solutions to renew the organization’s goods, services, and processes. Besides, employees are a valuable resource for organizations, especially creative organizations, due to their role in solving problems. In this matter, one of the important management skills is the ability to influence people and channel organizational communication processes to achieve optimal and creative productivity. Therefore, this paper aims to demonstrate the persuasion model in creative industries by reviewing the relevant literature. To do so, the library approach and systematic review were applied. First, research studies related to persuasion of employees inside and outside are identified during 2001–2022. The conducted investigations showed that 148 articles related to the persuasion of employees were identified inside and outside the country. Following the initial results, relevant articles were identified and evaluated based on various factors such as title, abstract, and content to select appropriate studies. Through searching databases and using relevant keywords, 38 articles was finally determined. Moreover, some components and indicators are described to persuade employees in creative industries. The findings reveal that the components of motivation, psychological characteristics, mental patterns, structural support, personality characteristics, ability, customer orientation, and social skills play a decisive role in forming employees’ persuasion.
DIGITAL STRATEGIES IN CONTEMPORARY FOREIGN POLICY
Authors:   Alfred Nobel University, Palieieva Yuliia S.
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to modern trends in foreign policy. Namely, the formulation of so-called digital
strategies in the foreign policy activities of countries. Diplomats and foreign ministries are faced with enor-
mous changes caused by digitalization. The ability to adequately and effectively respond to these chang-
es determines the future prosperity of countries. Foreign policy is already digital in many respects. The au-
thor of the article emphasizes that the formation of the information society and the development of infor-
mation and communication technologies lead to significant changes in the foreign policy of modern states.
Modern approaches to digital strategies of foreign policy of countries of the world are revealed, which can
be reduced to four categories.
The article discusses the fact that many countries around the world are looking for ways to solve the
problem of digitalization of foreign policy. Among the most developed strategies for digitalization of for-
eign policy, international experts name the policy approaches developed by Australia, Denmark, France,
the Netherlands, Norway and Switzerland. According to international experts, one of the most meaningful
is the Swiss Digital Foreign Policy Strategy, which covers more than 30 issues divided into 4 blocks. For ex-
ample, the remarks of the developers of the document Cybersecurity Strategy of the Netherlands for 2022-
2028 cannot fail to attract attention, which states that people and businesses should have the full bene-
fit of participating in the digital society. It is noted that Denmark wants to position itself as a technological,
diplomatic and digital pioneer country. It is emphasized that in 2017, Denmark became the first country
in the world to raise technology and digitalization to a cross-cutting priority of foreign and security policy.
Researched the Strategy of Foreign Policy Activities of Ukraine.
SERVICE IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT BODIES: LEGAL BASIS AND FEATURES IN THE CONDI- TIONS OF THE MARITAL STATE
Authors:   Vasyl Stus Donetsk National University, Pysmenna Olena P. , Kuran Oksana V. ,   Vasyl Stus Donetsk National University
Published: February 2025

This article analyzes the legal framework and peculiarities of the functioning of service in local self-
government bodies in Ukraine under martial law. It is determined that local self-government is an impor-
tant element of public administration which ensures the realization of the rights and interests of citizens at
the local level. This issue becomes especially relevant against the background of current challenges associ-
ated with the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine.
The article examines the legal regulation of local self-government in Ukraine, analyzes the basic prin-
ciples on which the activities of local self-government bodies are based and the specifics of their implemen-
tation under martial law. The author establishes that since the introduction of martial law, local self-gov-
ernment has played a key role in ensuring stability and security at the local level, as local authorities con-
tinue to provide services to the population, assist the army and adapt to new challenges.
Particular attention is paid to the analysis of legal conflicts and contradictions arising in the field of
service in local self-government bodies. The author reveals inconsistencies between the Law of Ukraine
“On Local Self-Government” and other legislative acts on the distribution of powers, which makes it diffi-
cult to determine the responsibility of local self-government bodies. The author also identifies problems in
the legislative regulation of the status and guarantees of the activities of local council deputies under mar-
tial law, as well as inconsistencies between the Laws of Ukraine “On Civil Service” and “On Service in Local
Self-Government Bodies” regarding the classification of positions.
Based on the analysis, the author formulates a number of recommendations aimed at improving the
legal framework for service in local self-government bodies. In particular, it is proposed to amend the legis-
lation to clearly define the powers and interaction of local self-government bodies and civil-military admin-
istrations, to legislate the status and guarantees of local council members under martial law, to eliminate
conflicts between the Laws of Ukraine “On Civil Service” and “On Service in Local Self-Government Bodies”,
and to ensure transparency and accountability of local self-government bodies.
The results of the study can be used to improve the regulatory framework aimed at increasing the ef-
ficiency of local self-government bodies in the current environment.