bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Feature-Encoded Physics-Informed Parameter Identification Neural Network for Musculoskeletal Systems
Authors: Taneja Karan , He Xiaolong , He QiZhi , Zhao Xinlun , Lin Yun-An , Loh Kenneth J. , Chen Jiun-Shyan
Published: August 2022

Identification of muscle-tendon force generation properties and muscle activities from physiological measurements, e.g., motion data and raw surface electromyography (sEMG), offers opportunities to construct a subject-specific musculoskeletal (MSK) digital twin system for health condition assessment and motion prediction. While machine learning approaches with capabilities in extracting complex features and patterns from a large amount of data have been applied to motion prediction given sEMG signals, the learned data-driven mapping is black-box and may not satisfy the underlying physics and has reduced generality. In this work, we propose a feature-encoded physics-informed parameter identification neural network (FEPI-PINN) for simultaneous prediction of motion and parameter identification of human MSK systems. In this approach, features of high-dimensional noisy sEMG signals are projected onto a low-dimensional noise-filtered embedding space for the enhancement of forwarding dynamics prediction. This FEPI-PINN model can be trained to relate sEMG signals to joint motion and simultaneously identify key MSK parameters. The numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed framework can effectively identify subject-specific muscle parameters and the trained physics-informed forward-dynamics surrogate yields accurate motion predictions of elbow flexion-extension motion that are in good agreement with the measured joint motion data.
Designing an Interchangeable Multi-Material Nozzle System for the Three-Dimensional Bioprinting Process
Authors: Nelson Cartwright , Tuladhar Slesha , Habib Ahasan
Published: August 2022

Three-dimensional bioprinting is a rapidly growing field attempting to recreate functional tissues for medical and pharmaceutical purposes. Development of functional tissue requires deposition of multiple biomaterials encapsulating multiple cell types, i.e., bio-ink necessitating switching ability between bio-inks. Existing systems use more than one print head to achieve this complex interchangeable deposition, decreasing efficiency, structural integrity, and accuracy. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to develop an alternative deposition system that will not require more than one print head for multimaterial bioprinting. To achieve that objective, we developed a nozzle system capable of switching between multiple bio-inks with continuous deposition, ensuring the minimum transition distance so that precise deposition transitioning can be achieved. This research progressed from a prototyping stage of nozzle system to the final selection of the system. Finally, the effect of rheological properties of different biomaterial compositions on the transition distance is investigated by fabricating the sample scaffolds.
Supplemental Material: The effects of pre-stress assumptions on dynamic rupture with complex fault geometry in the San Gorgonio Pass, California, region
Authors: Tarnowski J.M. , al. et , Oglesby D.D.
Published: August 2022

Contains alternate dynamic modeling results using different nucleation methods.  
Prediction modelling the impact of onset to treatment time on the modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days for patients with acute ischaemic stroke
Authors: Ennab Vogel Nicklas , Tatlisumak Turgut , Wester Per , Lyth Johan , Levin Lars-Åke
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Shortening the time from stroke onset to treatment increases the effectiveness of endovascular stroke therapies.

Aim

This study aimed to predict the modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days post-stroke (mRS-90d score) in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) with respect to four types of treatment: conservative therapy (CVT), intravenous thrombolysis only (IVT), mechanical thrombectomy only (MT) and pretreatment with IVT before MT (IVT+MT).

Patients and methods

This nationwide observational study included 124 484 confirmed cases of acute stroke in Sweden over 6 years (2012–2017). The associations between onset-to-treatment time (OTT), patient age and hospital admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score with the five-levelled mRS-90d score were retrospectively studied. A generalised linear model (GLM) was fitted to predict the mRS-90d scores for each patient group.

Results

The fitted GLM for CVT patients is a function of age and NIHSS score. For IVT, MT and IVT+MT patients, GLMs additionally employed OTT variables. By reducing the mean OTTs by 15 min, the number needed-to-treat (NNT) for one patient to make a favourable one-step shift in the mRS was 30 for IVT, 48 for MT and 21 for IVT+MT.

Discussion and conclusion

This study demonstrates linear associations of mRS-90d score with OTT for IVT, MT and IVT+MT, and shows in absolute effects measures that OTT reductions for IVT and/or MT produces substantial health gains for patients with AIS. Even moderate OTT reductions led to sharp drops in the NNT.
Sequencing of theZMYND15gene in a cohort of infertile Chinese men reveals novel mutations in patients with teratozoospermia
Authors: Wen Yuting , Wang Xiang , Zheng Rui , Dai Siyu , Li Jinhui , Yang Yihong , Shen Ying
Published: August 2022

Background

The information ofZMYND15in human reproduction is very limited, resulting in the unclear link betweenZMYND15variants and male infertility.

Methods

Whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing to identify the potential pathogenic variation ofZMYND15in infertile men, Papanicolaou staining and electron microscopy to investigate the spermatozoa morphology, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining to confirm the pathogenicity of the identified variants, and proteomic analysis and coimmunoprecipitation to clarify the potential molecular mechanism.

Results

A total of 31ZMYND15variants were identified in 227 infertile patients. Three deleterious biallelic variants, including a novel compound heterozygous variant of c.1105delG (p.A369Qfs*15) and c.1853T>C (p.F618S), a new homozygous splicing mutation of c.1297+5G>A and a reported homozygous nonsense mutation of c.1209T>A (p.Y403*), were detected in three affected individuals with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, showing a biallelic pathogenic mutation frequency of 1.3% (3/227). No biallelic pathogenic mutation was found in 692 fertile men. Morphology analysis showed abnormalities in sperm morphology in the patients harbouringZMYND15mutations. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining confirmed the nearly absent ZMYND15 expression in the sperm of the patients. Mechanistically, ZMYND15 might regulate spermatogenesis by interacting with key molecules involved in sperm development, such as DPY19L2, AKAP4 and FSIP2, and might also mediate the expression of the autophagy-associated protein SPATA33 to maintain sperm individualisation and unnecessary cytoplasm removal.

Conclusion

Our findings broaden the variant and phenotype spectrum ofZMYND15in male infertility, and reveal the potential signalling pathway of ZMYND15 regulating spermatogenesis, finally confirming the essential role ofZMYND15in human fertility.
Improving Hierarchical Short Text Clustering through Dominant Feature Learning
Authors: Akritidis Leonidas , Alamaniotis Miltiadis , Fevgas Athanasios , Tsompanopoulou Panagiota , Bozanis Panayiotis
Published: August 2022

This paper focuses on the popular problem of short text clustering. Since the short text documents typically exhibit high degrees of data sparseness and dimensionality, the problem in question is generally considered more challenging than the traditional clustering scenarios. Our proposed solution, named VEPH, is based on a novel algorithm that was published recently with the aim of optimally clustering short text documents. VEPH includes two stages: During the first stage, the original text vectors are projected on a lower dimensional space and the documents with projection vectors lying on the same dimensional space are grouped in the same cluster. The second stage is a refinement process which attempts to improve the quality of the clusters that were generated during the previous stage. The quality of a cluster is determined by its homogeneity and completeness and these are the two primary design criteria of this stage. Initially VEPH cleanses the clusters by removing all dissimilar elements, and then, it iteratively merges the similar clusters in a hierarchical agglomerative manner. The proposed algorithm has been experimentally evaluated in terms of F1 and NMI, by employing three datasets with diverse attributes. The results demonstrated its superiority over other state-of-the-art works of the relevant literature.
A Passive Online Technique for Learning Hybrid Automata from Input/Output Traces
Authors: Saberi Iman , Faghih Fathiyeh , Bavil Farzad Sobhi
Published: August 2022

Specification synthesis is the process of deriving a model from the input-output traces of a system. It is used extensively in test design, reverse engineering, and system identification. One type of the resulting artifact of this process for cyber-physical systems is hybrid automata. They are intuitive, precise, tool independent, and at a high level of abstraction, and can model systems with both discrete and continuous variables. In this article, we propose a new technique for synthesizing hybrid automaton from the input-output traces of a non-linear cyber-physical system. Similarity detection in non-linear behaviors is the main challenge for extracting such models. We address this problem by utilizing the Dynamic Time Warping technique. Our approach is passive, meaning that it does not need interaction with the system during automata synthesis from the logged traces; and online, which means that each input/output trace is used only once in the procedure. In other words, each new trace can be used to improve the already synthesized automaton. We evaluated our algorithm in one industrial and two simulated case studies. The accuracy of the derived automata shows promising results.
Adversarially Robust Streaming Algorithms via Differential Privacy
Authors: Hassidim Avinatan , Kaplan Haim , Mansour Yishay , Matias Yossi , Stemmer Uri
Published: August 2022

A streaming algorithm is said to be
adversarially robust
if its accuracy guarantees are maintained even when the data stream is chosen maliciously, by an
adaptive adversary
. We establish a connection between adversarial robustness of streaming algorithms and the notion of
differential privacy
. This connection allows us to design new adversarially robust streaming algorithms that outperform the current state-of-the-art constructions for many interesting regimes of parameters.
Symbolic Analysis for Data Plane Programs Specialization
Authors: Luinaud Thomas , Langlois J. M. Pierre , Savaria Yvon
Published: August 2022

Programmable network data planes have extended the capabilities of packet processing in network devices by allowing custom processing pipelines and agnostic packet processing. While a variety of applications can be implemented on current programmable data planes, there are significant constraints due to hardware limitations. One way to meet these constraints is by optimizing data plane programs. Program optimization can be achieved by specializing code that leverages architectural specificity or by compilation passes. In the case of programmable data planes, to respond to the varying requirements of a large set of applications, data plane programs can target different architectures. This leads to difficulties when developers want to reuse the code. One solution to that is to use compiler optimization techniques. We propose performing data plane program specialization to reduce the generated program size. To this end, we propose to specialize in programs written in P4, a Domain Specific Language (DSL) designed for specifying network data planes. The proposed method takes advantage of key aspects of the P4 language to perform a symbolic analysis on a P4 program and then partially evaluate the program to specialize it. The approach we propose is independent of the target architecture. We evaluate the specialization technique by implementing a packet deparser on an FPGA. The results demonstrate that program specialization can reduce the resource usage by a factor of 2 for various packet deparsers.
A Performance Comparison of Classification Algorithms for Rose Plants
Authors: Malik Muzamil , Aslam Waqar , Nasr Emad Abouel , Aslam Zahid , Kadry Seifedine
Published: August 2022

One of the key roles of Botanists is to be able to recognize flowers. This role has become highly challenging given that the number of discovered flower types are nearing half a million. To support Botanists, Information Technology offers promising solutions. Specifically, machine learning techniques are intrinsically appealing due to being precise enough as required. To this aim, two observations on flower leaves are relevant and leverage flower identification: one, flower plants exhibit unique features in their leaves thus allow distinction of their co-located flowers; two, leaves have a much longer life than flowers thus preserve identity properties longer. This paper proposes the use of machine learning-based identification of rose types by leveraging the features from their leaves. For this purpose, the performance of Naive Bayes, Generalized Linear Model, Multilayer Perceptron, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Gradient Boosted Trees, and Support Vector Machine has been analyzed. This study optimizes the RF model by investigating and tuning its various parameters such as the number of trees, the depth of trees, and splitting criteria. The best results are achieved with gain ratio because it takes more distinct values to avoid the problems associated with Information Gain. Optimizing the number of trees and the depth of trees of RF yield better accuracy than other models. Extensive experiments are performed to analyze the results of ensemble algorithms by using the voting method for each instance. Results suggest that the performance of ensemble classifiers is superior to that of individual models.
Effect of Minimally Invasive Internal Arch Nailing Surgery on Tissue Traumatic Stress Response in Patients with Vertebral Fractures
Authors: Zhou Zuzhong , Chen Zhixiang , Gao Liang , Sun Qizhao , Tang Wen
Published: August 2022

Objective. To analyze the influence of minimally invasive arch root nailing internal fixation surgery on tissue traumatic stress response in patients with vertebral fractures and explore the advantages of this treatment. Methods. One hundred and thirty‐six patients with vertebral fractures admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were selected and divided into two groups based on the treatment method: the control group was treated with open arch root nail internal fixation surgery and the study group was treated with minimally invasive arch root nail internal fixation. The lumbar spine function, ODI, VAS, JOA score, complications, inflammation, and stress response were compared between the two groups. Results. After the operation, the ratio of intervertebral space and anterior edge height increased, and the Cobb angle decreased in both groups; the surgical incision, hospital stay, and operation time in the study group were shorter than those in the control group, and the intraoperative drainage volume and intraoperative blood loss were smaller than those in the control group (P < 0.05); before surgery, there was no significant difference in ODI and VAS scores between the two groups (P > 0.05). After surgery, the ODI and VAS scores in the two groups were significantly decreased, and the JOA score was significantly increased; complications occurred in the control group and the study. The incidence of complications in the study group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05); after surgery, compared with the control group, the serum TNF‐α, CRP levels, and stress response indexes of the study group decreased more significantly (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation has high safety and obvious advantages. The patient’s stress response index and pain level are low, and it will not cause obvious damage to the patient. The postoperative lumbar spine function is significantly improved, which is beneficial to the patient’s postoperative recovery. It is easy to operate, will not damage the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae significantly, and the fluoroscopy time is relatively short, and it has a good recovery effect. Therefore, minimally invasive internal arch nailing surgery can be used as the preferred treatment for patients with vertebral fractures.
Baicalin Ameliorates DSS-Induced Colitis by Protecting Goblet Cells through Activating NLRP6 Inflammasomes
Authors: Li Yanan , Hu Jingyi , Cheng Cheng , Xu Feng , Au Ryan , Zhu Lei , Shen Hong
Published: August 2022

Objective. Baicalin is an active compound found in many natural herbs and has been used to treat intestinal disorders such as diarrhea and colon cancer. In this study, we used a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model to investigate baicalin’s mechanisms in the treatment of colitis. Methods. 3% DSS was administered through the drinking supply for 7 days to induce colitis followed by the administration of 5-aminosalicylic acid and baicalin at three different doses (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, W/W) for an additional 7 days. Body weight, stool consistency, and colon length were recorded. Colon tissue was stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) to be used for histopathological scoring. Cytokine levels of the colon tissue and serum were evaluated using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. mRNA expression and protein levels of tight junctions (TJs) were detected with qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Goblet cells and the mucosal layer of the colon were visualized by Alcian Blue/periodic acid-Schiff (AB/PAS) staining. Mucin 2 (MUC2) was evaluated in both mRNA expression and protein levels. Nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 6 (NLRP6) inflammasomes were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results. Treatment with baicalin significantly relieved colitis as evidenced by reversing both weight loss and colon length shortening. In addition, baicalin inhibited inflammation by reducing proinflammatory cytokines and protected the intestinal barrier by upregulating tight junction proteins. Moreover, goblet cell count and intestinal mucosa thickness were both significantly increased after baicalin treatment. Giving baicalin could upregulate the expression of NLRP6 and interleukin (IL-18) both in mRNA and protein. Conclusion. Baicalin ameliorates DSS-induced colitis by protecting goblet cells through activating NLRP6 inflammasomes.
[Retracted] Influence and Analysis of the Language and Cultural Ecological Environment in the Cognitive Process of English Writing
Authors: Liu Bin , Wang Jing
Published: August 2022

Language and culture ecological environment introduces ecological theory into language and culture research, expanding the horizon of language research. The influence of language and cultural, ecological environment on English writing covers many aspects. The cognitive process of English writing involves preparation before writing, self‐monitoring during writing, and self‐reflection after writing. Therefore, the use of metacognition and other strategies in the cognitive process of English writing is the key to improving the cognitive level of English writing. Under the guidance of the new curriculum standards for high school English, the cognitive process of English writing should pay attention to the guidance and shaping of students’ emotional experience and thinking values. Education is inseparable from the development of language and culture, and analyzing the educational ecosystem from an ecological perspective is conducive to further understanding the ecological view of language and culture. This paper focuses on the composition of the language and culture ecological environment and the influence of the language and culture environment on the cognitive process of English writing and appropriately reviews the history of cognitive psychology and ecology and development of knowledge research.
Improved GA and Its Application in Performance Optimization of Electronic Components
Authors: Zhao Wenrui , Wu Borui
Published: August 2022

In order to improve the performance optimization effect of electronic components, this paper uses the improved GA to construct the performance optimization system of electronic components. Moreover, this paper proposes an optimized reliability allocation process method based on cost function, which further optimizes the reliability design of electronic circuit systems. In addition, this paper conducts a sensitivity analysis of the electronic circuit system and compares and analyzes the evaluation results of component sensitivity and comprehensive importance based on simulation. Finally, this paper compares and demonstrates the different influences of various components in the electronic circuit system on the whole system. The experimental research shows that the performance optimization system of electronic components based on the improved GA proposed in this paper has a certain effect on improving the performance of electronic components.
Effects of Pamidronate Disodium Combined with Calcium on BMD Values and Severity of Pain in Elderly Patients with Osteoporosis Based on Mobile Terminal Platform for Internet of Things
Authors: Bai Zuoming , Wang Jianguo , Kang Mingming , Guo Peng , Wang Dong
Published: August 2022

Objective. To explore the effects of pamidronate disodium combined with calcium on BMD values and the severity of pain in elderly patients with osteoporosis based on the mobile terminal platform for the Internet of Things. Methods. The data of 120 patients admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the patients’ condition and medication wills, they were divided into the experimental group (

n
=
68

) and the control group (

n
=
52

). All patients were given chronic disease management based on the mobile terminals for the Internet of Things, and they received the treatment of bisphosphonates and calcium, with the supplement of calcium at a daily dose of 1000 mg. The control group was given alendronate sodium once a week, and the experimental group was given pamidronate disodium by intravenous infusion three times a month, with the treatment cycle as 1 year. The patients’ bone mineral density (BMD) values and the pain indexes were compared after treatment. Results. There was no statistical difference in general information between the two groups (

p
>
0.05

). The BMD values of the lumbar vertebrae L2-4, total hip, and femur neck at 6 months and 1 year after treatment in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (

p
<
0.001

). The pain scores at 6 months and 1 year after treatment in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (

p
<
0.001

). Conclusion. The treatment of pamidronate disodium combined with calcium based on the mobile terminal platform for the Internet of Things can reduce the severity of pain in elderly patients with osteoporosis and improve the BMD, which has a generalization value.
Exploring the Visual Space Structure of Oil Painting Based on Visual Importance
Authors: Zhao Yang , Lai Simin
Published: August 2022

For present and future design, research on visual-spatial language and the mastery of its fundamental concepts is extremely valuable. Since a more comprehensive research system has not yet been established to investigate the aesthetics of visual form and its significance, the research fields of spatial color and spatial structure relationships are currently relatively unique. The visual forms of design will be fundamentally affected by the diverse development of the design thinking ideology, and the expansion of design language will become a given. Design thinking and methods are significantly impacted by the emphasis on digital technology in online media. Design is no longer restricted to the arrangement of two-dimensional planes thanks to the visual space of oil paintings; three-dimensional space and time organization structures are combined with visual elements, and content layout evolves from static layout to dynamic interactive layout. In order to better understand visual space and intuition, this study begins by examining the structure of visual space in oil paintings. It does this by using artistic psychology and spatial space as research hints. The experimental results demonstrate that the depth-aware image quality evaluation algorithm in this study consumes more time than the MSEPF + 30 algorithm and the MSEPF + 50 algorithm by 12 ms and 15 ms, respectively, while the time consumption of individual particles is increased by 0.08 ms and 0.04 ms, respectively. This algorithm can thus meet the real-time requirements. As a result, it is anticipated that this study will address more comprehensive and detailed data as well as theoretical underpinnings that will be helpful in the study of painting art.
[Retracted] Factors Influencing Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaking following Pituitary Adenoma Transsphenoidal Surgery: A Meta‐Analysis and Comprehensive Review
Authors: Zhang Jiao , Liu Jingyun , Huang Liyan
Published: August 2022

Background. Surgical resection is the main method to treat pituitary adenoma. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage (CSF Leak) is the main complication after transsphenoidal surgery. The impact of postoperative CSF Leak can be predicted in advance, and preventive measures can be taken in time. Clinically, a variety of factors may affect the occurrence of postoperative CSF Leak. In this study, meta‐analysis was used to investigate the risk factors of postoperative CSF Leak as a clinical reference. Methods. The databases PubMed, Medline, Embrase, Cochrane library, CNKI, and CBM were searched for all studies on the risk factors of postoperative CSF Leak. Studies were screened and finally included. The quality of the included studies was assessed by the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale. We used Revman 5.4 software to conduct the pooled effect size of every potential statistically significant factor. Results. 13 articles with a total of 5967 patients with pituitary adenoma and 405 cases of postoperative CSF Leak were finally included, accounting for 6.79%. All of the 13 articles had a quality score > 5, indicating good quality. Meta‐analysis showed that patient age (OR = 0.71, 95% CI (0.41, 1.20), P = 0.20) was not a factor influencing postoperative CSF Leak, while BMI (MD = 2.26, 95% CI (1.31, 3.20), P < 0.00001), tumor size (MD = 1.35, 95% CI (0.22, 2.49), P = 0.02), whether a second operation was performed (OR = 2.20, 95% CI (1.45, 3.33), P = 0.0002), and intraoperative CSF Leak (OR = 8.88, 95% CI (3.64, 21.69), P < 0.00001) were risk factors for postoperative CSF Leak in patients. Discussion. BMI, tumor size, reoperation, and intraoperative CSF Leak are the risk factors of postoperative CSF Leak. However, not all the factors were covered in this study, it is still worth continuing to deeply investigate in this topic.
Self-Expandable Metal Stent as a Bridge to Surgery for Left-Sided Acute Malignant Colorectal Obstruction: Optimal Timing for Elective Surgery
Authors: Chen Shuxian , Zhou Sisi , Lin Yiting , Xue Wenwen , Huang Zeyu , Yu Jing , Yu Zefeng , Chen Suzuan
Published: August 2022

Objectives. This randomized, single-center, retrospective, comparative cohort study is aimed at investigating the optimal time interval from self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) placement to surgery and potential risk factors for complications in patients with acute malignant colorectal obstruction. Methods. A total of 64 patients with left-sided acute malignant colorectal obstruction treated with SEMS placement and subsequent surgery between January 2013 and September 2020 were enrolled and allocated to a case group (SEMS placing

time
≤
14

days;

n
=
19

patients) and a control group (SEMS placing

time
>
14

days;

n
=
45

patients). The primary outcome was the difference in baseline information, patients’ conditions during surgery, and postoperative conditions between the two groups. The secondary outcome included potential risk factors of postoperative complications. The propensity score matching (PSM) and super learner (SL) methods were used to eliminate multiple confounding factors of baseline data. A cohort of 21 samples was used for external validation, comprising 6 cases and 15 controls. Results. A significant difference was observed between the two groups in intraoperative blood loss (

P
=
0.009

), postoperative hospital stay (

P
=
0.002

), postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo

grading
≥
II

) (

P
<
0.001

), stoma creation (

P
<
0.001

), and primary anastomosis (

P
<
0.001

). After a 1 : 3 PSM analysis, no statistically significant differences between eight confounding variables of the two groups were observed (

P
>
0.05

). Caliper set as 0.2 multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the potential risk factor for postoperative complications was SEMS placing time (

RR
=
0.109

, 95% confidence interval

CI

=
0.028

-0.433;

P
=
0.002

), indicating that SEMS placing

time
>
14

days was an independent risk factor for postoperative complications in bridge-to-surgery (BTS) setting. The area under the AUC curve was 76.7% and validated using the validation cohort. Conclusions. Long duration of SEMS placement (>14 days) may not influence surgical difficulty but could increase the risk of postoperative complications.
Unified Mathematical Model of Gear Train Analysis Based on State Space Method
Authors: Qiu Jun , Wang Delun , Dong Huimin
Published: August 2022

The state space method of gear train analysis and the unified mathematical model of state space based gear train analysis are proposed in this paper. Firstly, the concept of basic gear train unit is defined, and the state transformation equation of basic gear train unit is established, which is applied to express the transformation rule of the basic gear train unit and the adjacency relationship between the units. Then, the gear train state space is formed based on the dual vectors including input state eigenvector and output state eigenvector, which describe the state characteristics of the gear train unit. The state space is established based on the mapping relationship among the input-output dual vectors, the state transformation matrix, and the gear train unit. Then the dual vector operation laws and mathematical operation methods in gear train state space are generated. Therefrom, a unified mathematical model based on the kinematic, statics, and structural characteristics of the gear train in the state space is established. Finally, the digital identification and automatic analysis of any complex gear train is realized. The fast comparison and analysis of a large number of gear train schemes is achievable in the scheme design stage.
Enhancing the Production Yield of Jatropha and Pongamia Oil‐Based Biodiesel by Introducing Nanocatalyst
Authors: Nagaraj Sathiesh Kumar , Ponnusamy Paranthaman , Gopal P. M. , Van Huu Tap , Nguyen Lan Huong , Kabir Sadib Bin
Published: August 2022

Fossil fuel depletion, increasing demands of energy, and harmful emission production led to do research on biofuels. In this research, biodiesel is developed by blending of Jatropha and Pongamia oil with the help of magnetic stirrer‐assisted transesterification process. Heterogeneous copper‐doped titanium oxide catalyst was synthesized by wet impregnation method. The developed catalyst is characterized through XRD and HRTEM analyses and used to enrich the biodiesel yield and fuel properties, viz., viscosity, flashpoint, and fire point. The maximum yield of 90.2% is obtained with catalyst concentration of 3 wt%, reaction time of 3 hrs, temperature of 60°C, and methanol to oil molar ratio of 20 : 1.
Modelling and Stability Analysis of Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCuV) Transmission Dynamics in Cotton Plant
Authors: Fantaye Abayneh Kebede
Published: August 2022

In this paper, the transmission dynamics of cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) disease in cotton plants was proposed and investigated qualitatively using the stability theory of a nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Cotton and vector populations were both taken into account in the models. Cotton population was categorized as susceptible (A) and infected (B). The vector population was also categorized as susceptible (C) and infected (D). We established that all model solutions are positive and bounded by relevant initial conditions. The existence of unique CLCuV free and endemic equilibrium points, as well as the basic reproduction number, which is computed using the next generation matrix approach, are investigated. The conditions for the local and global asymptotic stability of these equilibrium points are then established. When the basic reproduction number is less than one, the system has locally and globally asymptotically stable CLCuV free equilibrium point, but when the basic reproduction number is more than one, the system has locally and globally asymptotically stable endemic equilibrium point. The numerical simulation findings show that lowering the infection rate of cotton vectors has a significant impact on controlling cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) in the time frame given.
A Novel Hybrid Method to Predict PM2.5 Concentration Based on the SWT-QPSO-LSTM Hybrid Model
Authors: Du Meng , Chen Yixin , Liu Yang , Yin Hang
Published: August 2022

PM2.5 concentration is an important indicator to measure air quality. Its value is affected by meteorological factors and air pollutants, so it has the characteristics of nonlinearity, irregularity, and uncertainty. To accurately predict PM2.5 concentration, this paper proposes a hybrid prediction system based on the Synchrosqueezing Wavelet Transform (SWT) method, Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO) algorithm, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model. First, the original data are denoised by the SWT method and taken as the input of the prediction model. Then, the main parameters of the LSTM model are optimized by global search based on the QPSO algorithm, which solves the problems of slow convergence and local extremum of traditional parameter training algorithms. Finally, the PM2.5 daily concentration data of Chengdu, Shijiazhuang, Shenyang, and Wuhan are predicted by the proposed SWT-QPSO-LSTM model, and the prediction results are compared with those of single prediction models and hybrid prediction models. The experimental results show that the proposed model achieves higher prediction precision and lower prediction error than other models.
Changes in Physical Health‐Related Indexes of Chinese College Students before and after COVID‐19 Lockdown
Authors: Hu Donglin , Liu Zhiyun , Zhang He , Jiang Chen
Published: August 2022

The outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic has caused negative impacts on people’s lifestyles, as well as considerable indirect social impacts, which has even overshadowed the direct impact of virus infection itself. This study is aimed at examining the changes in physical health‐related indexes of Chinese college students before and after the COVID‐19 lockdown. The data of this study are from the National Physical Health Testing Program, covering 43 college students (male: 22) from a class of a Chinese university. Paired t‐tests were performed on the physical health test data separately collected in November 2019 before the COVID‐19 pandemic and October 2020 after the COVID‐19 lockdown was lifted. As shown by the test results, compared to the prelockdown data, college students had an increased body mass index (BMI) (0.43 (SD 0.94) P = 0.004), decreased vital capacity (VC) (‐128.98 (SD 310.13) ml P = 0.009), and lowered performance in the 800/1000 m endurance (‐6.21 (SD 8.81) points P < 0.001) and standing long jump tests (‐2.44 (SD 7.37) points P = 0.036) after the lockdown, and the differences in these regards all were significant. In addition, for the students in the overweight/obese group, their pre‐ and postlockdown physical fitness test results were found to have no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05), but the students in the control group showed a significantly increased BMI, as well as significantly decreased vital capacity and performance in the 800/1000 m endurance and standing long jump tests (P < 0.05). The findings of this study are expected to help government departments and policymakers better understand the impacts of school closures and online learning on the physical health of adolescents, while providing a basis for the formulation of measures that are aimed at reversing adolescents’ physical health decline.
Diagnosis of Genital Tuberculosis in Infertile Women by Using the Composite Reference Standard
Authors: Saxena Riden , Shrinet Kriti , Rai Sachchida Nand , Singh Kamal , Jain Shivi , Jain Shuchi , Singh Deeksha , Anupurba Shampa , Jain Madhu
Published: August 2022

Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) can be asymptomatic or even masquerade as other gynecological conditions. Conventional methods of FGTB diagnosis include various imaging, bacteriological, molecular, and pathological techniques that are only positive in a small percentage of patients, leaving many cases with undiagnosed condition. In the absence of a perfect diagnostic method, composite reference standards (CRSs) have been advocated in this diagnostic study. This study assesses the agreement between traditional diagnostic modalities using CRS and prevalent TB groups among different fallopian tube infertility manifestations. A total of 86 women with primary and secondary infertility were included in the study and subjected to bacteriological, pathological, and radiological examination for the diagnosis of FGTB. Results were evaluated statistically for concordance of the diagnostic tests to the CRS by sensitivity and specificity, while PPV and NPV were calculated for the performance of diagnostic tests of FGTB. We observed that 11.2% of women were found to be true positives by means of CRS. The positive findings by CRS were as follows: ultrasonography (13.9%), laparoscopy (14%), hysteroscopy (12%), GeneXpert (4.8%), culture (4.8%), polymerase chain reaction (4.8%), and histopathology (6.4%). GeneXpert and culture were found to have a perfect agreement with CRS. Hysterosalpingography, laparoscopy, and hysteroscopy have a fair agreement with CRS. Out of 43 women with tubal factor infertility, 6 women were found in the definitive TB group with mixed conditions of tubal manifestations. This study evaluates and demonstrates the reliability of the collective assessment of various diagnostic methods with CRS findings that help in identifying different TB groups of genital tuberculosis patients from all infertile patients by applying the criteria of CRS.
Analysis of Rotator Cuff Muscle Injury on the Drawing Side of the Recurve Bow: A Finite Element Method
Authors: Guo Cheng , Liu Xinlong , Yang Yi , Zhang Dong , Yang Dan , Yin Jun
Published: August 2022

Background. This study establishes the shoulder model on the drawing side of recurve archers by the finite element method and finds out the stress changes on the rotator cuff muscles in the position of the humerus and scapula under different stages of special techniques. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism of rotator cuff damage on a recurve archer’s drawing arm. Methods. A 22-year-old healthy male’s shoulder CT and MRI data were collected, and the drawing side shoulder joint finite element model was constructed, which contains the structure of the shoulder blades, clavicle, humerus, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis. The humerus on the drawing arm was simulated to raising the bow, drawing, holding, and releasing on the scapula plane, and stress changes in rotator cuff muscles are analyzed. Results. The peak stress on the infraspinatus increased slowly, and from the start of raising the bow to hold and release, the stress peak increased from 0.007 MPa to 0.009 MPa. The peak stress on teres minor rises slowly from 0.003 MPa at the start of raising the bow to 0.010 MPa at the moment of releasing. The peak stress in the subscapularis increased from 0.096 MPa to 0.163 MPa between the start of raising the bow and releasing. The peak stress on the supraspinatus varied greatly, and from the start of raising the bow to the start of drawing, the stress peak increased markedly from 1.159 MPa to 1.395 MPa. Subsequently, the stress peak immediately decreased to 1.257 MPa at the start of holding and then increased to 1.532 MPa at releasing. Conclusion. The position of the humerus and scapula would change with the different stages of special techniques. It causes stress changes in the rotator cuff muscles, and when the stress accumulates over time, the shoulder 5on the drawing side will gradually become injured and dysfunctional. In combination with the depth of the structural site and the surrounding structural features, corrective exercises can be used to prevent injury to the rotator cuff muscles.
Risk Measurement Model for Vehicle Group Based on Temporal and Spatial Similarities
Authors: Wen Huiying , Chen Xiaohua , Zhao Sheng
Published: August 2022

Vehicle rear-end collisions are primarily caused by tight car following in a continuous traffic flow, as well as a driver’s incorrect perception of the traffic environment ahead and delayed response. To facilitate an investigation pertaining to rear-end collision mechanisms and accurately measure the risk, the concept of a vehicle group is introduced herein. A risk measurement model for a vehicle group (RMVG) based on temporal and spatial similarities is proposed. First, vehicles are categorized based on their temporal and spatial similarities. Risk measurement metrics are defined based on the traffic composition, movement state, and conflict extent. Subsequently, vehicle group risk identification and risk measurement models based on an isolation forest are established. the rear-end collision risk of the vehicle groups is analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Finally, the RMVG is tested using the vehicle trajectory data set of Longpan South Road, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China, and the results are compared with those of a support vector machine and local outlier factor. The results show that the accuracy of the RMVG is higher than those of other models: its accuracy rate and specificity are 95.68% and 88.89%, respectively, whereas its false alarm rate is only 3.47%.
Application of Functional Nanomaterials in Aesthetic Art and Industrial Design Concept
Authors: Gong Da , Li Zhenghang , Song Yuyan , Han Jiaheng
Published: August 2022

Industrial design (ID) refers to industrial product design based on engineering, aesthetics, and economy. Traditional industrial design refers to the creative activities of designing and designing products produced by industrial means to make the best match with the environment and the people who use them. This paper aims to study how to analyze and study the application of aesthetic art, that is, the concept of industrial design, based on functional nanomaterials, and this paper describes the electrospinning technology. This paper puts forward the problem of the industrial design concept, which is based on design aesthetics. Therefore, this paper focuses on the development of industrial design and related elements. The application of functional nanomaterials in industrial design is designed and analyzed. The experimental results show that when the acid soaking time is 4∼12 days, the mechanical strength of the nanofiber membrane is 7∼9 MPa. Compared with the untreated nanofiber membrane, it increased by 25.4%∼48.8%, and the ductility decreased from 81.5% to 44.1%.
Poziotinib Inhibits HER2-Mutant–Driven Therapeutic Resistance and Multiorgan Metastasis in Breast Cancer
Authors: Kalra Rashi , Chen Ching Hui , Wang Junkai , Salam Ahmad Bin , Dobrolecki Lacey E. , Lewis Alaina , Sallas Christina , Yates Clayton C. , Gutierrez Carolina , Karanam Balasubramanyam , Anurag Meenakshi , Lim Bora , Ellis Matthew J. , Kavuri Shyam M.
Published: August 2022

The pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) neratinib is therapeutically active against metastatic breast cancers harboring activating HER2 mutations, but responses are variable and often not durable. Here we demonstrate that recurrent HER2 mutations have differential effects on endocrine therapy responsiveness, metastasis, and pan-HER TKI therapeutic sensitivity. The prevalence and prognostic significance may also depend on whether the HER2 mutant has arisen in the context of lobular versus ductal histology. The most highly recurrent HER2 mutant, L755S, was particularly resistant to neratinib but sensitive to the pan-HER TKI poziotinib, alone or in combination with fulvestrant. Poziotinib reduced tumor growth, diminished multiorgan metastasis, and inhibited mTOR activation more effectively than neratinib. Similar therapeutic effects of poziotinib were observed in both an engineered HER2L755S MCF7 model and a patient-derived xenograft harboring a HER2G778_P780dup mutation. Overall, these findings support the need for clinical evaluation of poziotinib for the treatment of HER2-mutant metastatic breast cancer.

Significance:

Evaluation of the functional impact of HER2 mutations on therapy-induced resistance and metastasis identifies robust antitumor activity of poziotinib and supports the clinical evaluation of poziotinib in ER+ HER2 mutant breast cancer.
Leveraging Therapy-Specific Polygenic Risk Scores to Predict Restrictive Lung Defects in Childhood Cancer Survivors
Authors: Im Cindy , Yuan Yan , Austin Eric D. , Stokes Dennis C. , Krasin Matthew J. , Davidoff Andrew M. , Sapkota Yadav , Wang Zhaoming , Ness Kirsten K. , Wilson Carmen L. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Hudson Melissa M. , Robison Leslie L. , Mulrooney Daniel A. , Yasui Yutaka
Published: August 2022

Therapy-related pulmonary complications are among the leading causes of morbidity among long-term survivors of childhood cancer. Restrictive ventilatory defects (RVD) are prevalent, with risks increasing after exposures to chest radiotherapy and radiomimetic chemotherapies. Using whole-genome sequencing data from 1,728 childhood cancer survivors in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study, we developed and validated a composite RVD risk prediction model that integrates clinical profiles and polygenic risk scores (PRS), including both published lung phenotype PRSs and a novel survivor-specific pharmaco/radiogenomic PRS (surPRS) for RVD risk reflecting gene-by-treatment (GxT) interaction effects. Overall, this new therapy-specific polygenic risk prediction model showed multiple indicators for superior discriminatory accuracy in an independent data set. The surPRS was significantly associated with RVD risk in both training (OR = 1.60, P = 3.7 × 10−10) and validation (OR = 1.44, P = 8.5 × 10−4) data sets. The composite model featuring the surPRS showed the best discriminatory accuracy (AUC = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.76–0.87), a significant improvement (P = 9.0 × 10−3) over clinical risk scores only (AUC = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.72–0.83). The odds of RVD in survivors in the highest quintile of composite model-predicted risk was ∼20-fold higher than those with median predicted risk or less (OR = 20.01, P = 2.2 × 10−16), exceeding the comparable estimate considering nongenetic risk factors only (OR = 9.20, P = 7.4 × 10−11). Inclusion of genetic predictors also selectively improved risk stratification for pulmonary complications across at-risk primary cancer diagnoses (AUCclinical = 0.72; AUCcomposite = 0.80, P = 0.012). Overall, this PRS approach that leverages GxT interaction effects supports late effects risk prediction among childhood cancer survivors.

Significance:

This study develops a therapy-specific polygenic risk prediction model to more precisely identify childhood cancer survivors at high risk for pulmonary complications, which could help improve risk stratification for other late effects.