bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-truth: conceptual and praxiological dimensions
Authors: Vysotskyi V. Y.
Published: May 2019

The article raises the problem of post-truth that is interpreted in conceptual and praxeological dimensions. The author proves that post-truth is an information and political technology that operates through the use of mechanisms of mixing the true with the false, emotionalizing, politainment, populism, cognitive distortions of mass consciousness, actualization and objectification of desires in order to ensure the sympathy of a wide audience to its source, as well as the legitimization of a certain kind of policy and its subjects. In contrast to the truth, which correlates with objective truth, post-truth, presenting an alternative view and assessment of reality, relies on the irrational aspects of human consciousness and behavior, his/her selfish interests, finding justifications for its existence in the effectiveness and efficiency of its action. The assertion of post-truth as a single correct interpretation of reality is helped by the effect of the spiral of silence and the effect of cognitive dissonance. The attitude to post-truth is determined by the place in the structure of power relations that generate and maintain the corresponding narrative. From the standpoint of the subject, a post-truth narrative is defined by its effectiveness and efficiency. From the recipient’s point of view, a post-truth narrative is defined by its ability to satisfy desires, interests, and feelings. In the socio-political space, post-truth plays a role as a new type of propaganda, which justifies the morally questionable policy of future benefits of its implementation for the majority of society to the detriment of political rivals, as well as national and religious minorities. In fact, the era of post-truth is determined by the fact that politics ceases to focus on universal justice, becomes a politics of disregard for minorities and citizens of other countries.
Features situational analysis of political instability in the conditions of globalization
Authors: Ishchenko I. V. , Dyachenko D. V.
Published: May 2019

In the field of scientific research is the selection and use of approaches for analyzing the state of the political system of society. The collapse of the colonial system, the socialist camp led to the formation of a significant number of states by transitional political regimes. Intensive globalization processes accelerated the already contradictory socio-political processes in transitional and quasi-democratic states. Despite the lack of experience of statehood in some countries, or the lack of democratic political traditions and practices, led to the formation of contradictions between formal and informal rules by the institutions of transitional societies. In the context of the study of the interaction of formal and informal institutions, the question of the use of situational analysis and the synergetic approach, in the process of studying the causes, consequences and the essence of political stability of the instability, is actualized. In cases of situational analysis, it is especially important to note that the essence of the method consists in studying both formal institutions (organizational forms) and informal (practices, models and rules of the game) - as the main subjects and objects of the political process. At the same time, if the situational analysis simply states the presence of certain formal or informal designs, the synergetic approach allows us to trace the dynamics and development of political processes. Considering the political system in which energy acts as the information produced by such formal institutions as political parties and organizations, the synergetic method allows us to consider the system as a self-regulating organization capable of arming the manifestations of political instability. Or vice versa - as a system artificially restraining social entropy, and therefore doomed to destruction, as a result of the action of attractors: economic, political, social, environmental, in the cases of our research.With the help of general scientific (historical, systematic, functional, sociological), general logical methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, analogy, abstraction) and the methods of politological theoretical and applied learning (institutional, structural comparative, comparative, axiological, behavioral), the analysis of the influence of non-institutional factors on the procedural, organizational and structural aspects of the political system is performed. Research allows us to reveal the essence, structure and consequence of existing processes in the political system. The synergistic method and situational approach details the existing processes, enabling to conduct a correct analysis of the relevant processes. Thus, it can be concluded that these two methods make it possible to qualitatively evaluate and demand. This allows us to correct the actual political practice, towards stabilizing the political environment.
Current state and prospects of development of civil society institutions in Ukraine
Authors: Liasota A. E.
Published: May 2019

An important feature of political modernization and development of the political system is the ability of the state to undergo structural changes in all spheres of public life, while preserving the stability of society, as well as the inclusion of the broad masses in the political process. After all, deep democratization of political and economic institutions is impossible without active participation of citizens.The article is devoted to the study of civil society, which is closely linked with the institutionalization of free and diverse citizens’ integration into public associations, which provide an opportunity to optimally ensure the implementation and protection of fundamental human and civil rights and freedoms. The establishment of civil society institutions is an indispensable attribute of a truly democratic state, a clear indicator of the freedom of its citizens. After all, it is the institutional structures that play a decisive role in the linear stage of evolution.In the discourse of this problem, attention should be paid to the legal forms of activity in Ukraine that determine the legal personality of civil society institutions. The urgency of the work, thus, is the need to study the problem of interaction of civil society institutes with state authorities. In Ukraine, this interaction takes place in the following legal forms: participation in drafting and discussing draft legal acts, involving civil society institutions in the provision of social services, civil society institutions exercising public control over the activities of state authorities, conducting state monitoring and monitoring and analysis of public opinion.
The issue of borders and cross-border processes in socio-humanitarian sciences
Authors: Benchak O. F.
Published: May 2019

The essence of social knowledge of borders and cross-border processes in the socio-humanitarian sciences in general and in sociology in particular has been analyzed in the article. The three stages of formation of knowledge about these phenomena and processes have been distinguished on this basis. Particular attention has been paid to the characteristics of the third stage, when interdisciplinary researches become dominant in social cognition due to the leading role of sociology. The special role of the sociology in the cognitive process, its possibilities in conducting theoretic, methodological and empirical studies has been determined. The necessity of constituting a separate direction - «sociology of borders and cross-border processes» as a medium-level sociological theory has been emphasized. Cross-border processes exist since there are boundaries. They may be limited by one or another part of states’ territories, but also they may cover all their depth. The purpose of boundaries’ establishing is to protect the state’s resource potential (human and natural). The purpose of their violation is to capture this potential. The large-scale violation of the border is the war of one country, which is accompanied by various human losses. The conducted analysis shows that the boundaries are a historical product that appeared at that stage of society’s development, when it became necessary to regulate the spatial existence of private property institutions and the existence of the state. Together with changes in these institutions’ development needs, the relevant cross-border processes are taking place in the space. That’s why, there are no unchanged borders. The exceptional significance of the sociological version of the system methodology being the methodological platform for interdisciplinary studies of cross-boundary processes and phenomena has been grounded.
Biocentrism as one of the main categories of everyday biopolitical discourse
Authors: Kravets А. Y.
Published: May 2019

The main aim of the article is the conceptualization of the categorical apparatus of biopolitics. The focus is on biocentrism as one of the main categories of modern biopolitical discourse. It is stated that biopolitics today offers a variety of research directions and a specific categorical apparatus, while fluctuations in the interpretations of the main terms and categories should be noted. The main terms are considered: «biopolitics», «political man», biopower and biocentrism. The definition of the above terms in the biopolitics is systematized and proposed author’s definitions. «Homo Politicus» as a phenomenon was a complicated and problematic subject of scientific conceptualization. Proposed particulars of the biopolitical view on «Homo Politicus»: «Homo Politicus» is genetically related with another biological species and this definitely has influence to his behaviour in social and political sphere. For instance, any human being as any social primates has genetic inclination to adaptation, domination, subjugation. In case with «Homo Sapiens» this has a form of genetic and social adaptation, political domination and subjugation. The inclination to the domination from one side to the subjugation to another side is genetically «imprinted» in to the nature of the «Homo Politicus». However it is important to be mentioned that nevertheless the «Homo Sapiens» shares inclination of social primates for hierarchical social organization, at the same time he developed capabilities which are unique in animal world, such as: language, culture and morale. Thus, ideas and values created by the human being commenced changing of his behavior in social and political sphere. Author’s definitions: «Political man» as an individual with innate properties of the brain and the psyche that affects his social and political behavior can be adjusted in the process of socialization and education and change in accordance with the challenges of the twenty-first century. Biopolitics as a new evolutionary paradigm of contemporary political science that explores the «political man» as a biological species with an emphasis on psycho-physiological mechanisms of political behavior and their influence on the political process. Biopower as a new model of power relations, enshrined at the legislative level, designed to protect life in all its forms and manifestations. Biocentrism is aimed at protecting life in all spheres, understanding that a person is only part of the overall biodiversity, and therefore has no right to destroy the biosphere guided by economic benefits.
Релігійно-церковний вимір українського національно-культурного відродження 1917–1921 років: концептуалізація наративу сучасної історіографії
Authors: Semerhei N. V.
Published: May 2019

У статті розглянуто стан сучасних історичних досліджень із теми українського церковно-релігійного життя у 1917–1921 роках. З’ясовано, що вчені-історики дійшли висновку, що релігійні мотивації українського національно-культурного відродження, які сформувалися в другій половині ХІХ століття, були вагомим складником національно-демократичної революції початку ХХ століття, а необхідність вирішення питання «національної церкви» обумовила інтерес усіх державних утворень того часу (Українська Центральна Рада, Українська Держава Павла Скоропадського, Директорія УНР) до процесів інституціювання церковно-релігійних організацій.Встановлено, що особливість історіографічного дискурсу порушеної теми полягає в її антологічності та синтетичності, масштабності та методологічності. На основі аналізу тематичного доробку вчених-істориків, виокремлено три групи досліджень, у яких запропоновано розв’язання тих чи тих питань релігійно-церковного виміру українського національно-культурного відродження 1917–1921 років. Перша група об’єднує наукові студії, у яких синтетично розглянуто зміст української церковно-релігійної історії 1917–1921 років. Це праці таких учених, як В. Ульяновський, Б. Андрусишин, В. Ганзуленко, М. Горяч, Б. Гудзяк, О. Турій, А. Колодний, О. Ігнатуша та інші. У другій групі об’єднано наукові праці, що присвячені висвітленню тогочасних державно-церковних відносин (Л. Бабенко, В. Єленський, А. Киридон, В. Пащенко, О. Саган, Л. Филипович, П. Яроцький та інші). Третю групу становлять персоналістичні дослідження, у яких вчені проаналізували внесок тогочасних релігійних діячів у побудову національної церкви, духовне та релігійне відродження України.Особливу увагу звернено на аналіз істориками впливу церковно-релігійного чинника на тогочасні суспільно-політичні процеси національно-демократичної революції. З’ясовано, що в сучасному історіографічному наративі висновується думка про те, що представлення церковно-релігійного питання в порядку денному українських державотворчих процесів 1917–1921 років відіграло вагому роль у розвитку концепту «національна церква» та духовно-культурному збагаченні української національної ідентичності.
Gender standards and expectations on sexual deviations in the gender culture of Ukraine
Authors: Svyatnenko I. O.
Published: May 2019

This article is devoted to the definition of the value structures of gender culture in aspects of gender stereotypes regarding the application of moral-pedagogical and legal sanctions in the manifestations of deviant behavior on the basis of the ideology of matriarchal racism (mysandry) and typical problems arising from its availability.The writings of the authors form the theoretical basis for the author’s theory, which consists essentially of the following key provisions set forth in the article:1) latent gender racism in Ukrainian gender culture is an ideology of double standards, which involves parallel promotion and prohibition in the area of sexual norms and deviations for men and women;2) Gender stereotypes refer to the assessment of male sexual behavior as subject to enhanced moral, legal and pedagogical control over women’s sexual behavior;3) the cultivation of homophobia is an instrument of gender power that allows women to manipulate men by imposing a number of prohibitions on public male homoeopathy in encouraging women’s similar behavior;4) stigmatization of homeroticism allows it to be used as a tool of social control, including the system of political security, in which the family acts as a grass root. As a result of the study, the author concludes that the study of the ideology and morality of latent gender racism in the gender culture of Ukraine has allowed to dismiss most of the assumptions about egalitarian peculiarities of gender positioning for male and female respondents. At the same time, the regime of privilege, available to the Ukrainian gender culture, makes it possible to define gender scenarios as matriarchal-racist and those that are agreed upon by both men and women. The consensual nature of such a situation proves not only the tacit consent of most with the guidelines of gender racism, but also the lack of understanding of the policy of gender equality of the western type. Such misunderstanding minimizes the chances of establishing an egalitarian gender culture and contributes to further deepening both gender inequality and the resulting gender conflict of Ukrainian society with all its implications.
Transformation of system of values in the context of global problems: theoretical sociological analysis
Authors: Rus-Poltavska Aksiniya
Published: May 2019

The article identifies the significant impact of global issues on the transformation of the system of values and describes the features of social being in the conditions of the modern crisis. The problem of destroying the value system as an obstacle to achieving personal interests in conditions of hard survival during a crisis has been studied. The social risks of transforming the value system in crisis conditions are indicated. This article also analyzes the reasons for the lack of constructive proposals for finding a better way out of the global crisis. Attention is focused on the low level of thinking of modern man. This is the reason that modern people can not understand complex modern problems and successfully solve them. Anxiety about this was expressed by the entire world community at «The World Conference on Sustainable Development» (Rio de Janeiro, 1992, 2017 and 2012.), where it was said about the need to introduce a new paradigm of thinking. The task was solved by our compatriot – academician, professor, systemologist Malyuta Alexander Nikolaevich. To successfully solve any problems of any nature and complexity, the scientist offers a new modern technology – the fundamental system methodology «Invariant modeling», based on the theory of hyper complex dynamic systems (HDS).The concept of third-generation system methods asserts that there are only three possible solutions in the crisis development zone. And only one of these options provides a harmonious way out of the global crisis.This article examines global problems that, in the current crisis, must be addressed first. We did not succeed in finding research that describes the system of values as a technology to activity. Therefore, in spite of the huge number of works on value issues, the lack of constructive proposals and effective ways to address the consequences of the transformation of the value system in a globalizing environment require further study and new developments. The article suggests an optimal way out of the crisis zone and further steps to develop a harmonious life-supporting society to revive the systems of moral norms and values that will contribute to constructive, purposeful and effective human activity.
The security dimension of Ukrainian-Russian relations around Crimea in the political activity of the People’s Movement of Ukraine in 1991–2008th.
Authors: Tkachuk Andriy
Published: May 2019

In this general article withsecurity dimension of Ukrainian-Russian relations around Crimea in the political activity of the People’s Movement of Ukraineis discussed. The key political statements of the PMU concerning the Crimea and Sevastopol military base of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation were investigated. An assessment of the position of political force on Russian policy in the Crimea is given. It was found out that in their activity, the members of the PMU paid constant attention to the lack of a clear state policy of the Ukrainian authorities regarding the Crimea and the military contingent located on the peninsula of the Russian Federation. In most cases, the PMU pointed out that the lack of well thought-out Ukrainian policy in the Crimea along with the activity of Russia itself is a catalyst for destabilizing events on the peninsula. Particular attention of the «Rukhvtsy» paid attention to the activity of various cultural and educational groups in the Crimea, which were completely loyal to Russia. In addition, the special emphasis in the article is made in the position of the PMU on the base of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation. It was found out that in the vision of political power, the presence of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia in the Crimea was destabilizing not only on the socio-political situation in the Crimea, but also throughout the territory of Ukraine. At the same time, «Rukhvtsy» indicated that the lack of well-thought Ukrainian policy in bilateral relations around Crimea could further develop into a full-scale conflict. The main proposals of the PMU concerning the possible regulation of tension in bilateral relations are outlined. It is concluded that in 1991–2008 the People’s Movement of Ukraine as a political force was clearly aware of the hidden threats to national security contained in the Ukrainian-Russian relations around Crimea. At the same time, in spite of numerous political statements and appeals to the top government of the state, the proposals voiced by the PMU did not take into account in any way that in the future they became a catalyst for the beginning of Russian open aggression against Ukraine.
Tactical urbanism in the context of urban practices development in Ukraine
Authors: Loktionova D. A.
Published: May 2019

The article presents the study of tactical urbanism phenomenon as a way of integrating a person into the socio-cultural environment of the city. The works and publications of both domestic and western researchers are considered. The research sources are outlined: from the classics of sociology to contemporaries, informational and analytical Internet resources which highlight the content of the tactical urbanism ideas. The author has revealed that the research focus of the predecessors is mainly focused on rethinking the problem of urban area spatial development. Taking into account this, the process of research definitive field theorizing is highlighted (starts from M.Castells).The content of «tactical urbanism» concept in the public discourse presented. It should be understood as targeted actions of the city authorities and the public in the field of urban environment in order to fill its traditional content. The process of urbanization movement institutionalization in the context of domestic development is presented. The domestic formal / informal local initiatives are analyzed. The basic forms and practices of tactical urbanism are demostrated, the circle of actors involved in the process of their realization is outlined. The main results of the sociological research showing the level of citizens responsibility and involvement in the process of improvement / arrangement of the city’s territory are highlighted. The features of the tactical urbanism phenomenon in the context of the domestic society development in modern conditions are generalized. It is established that the citizens involvement in the practice of tactical urbanization is fairly called a new form of civil participation. However, the results of the conducted sociological research have shown that despite the development of tactical urbanism ideas in the context of domestic urban practices implementation, the population readiness in urban changes and the level of their responsibility for these changes remains low.
Socio-philosophical analysis of the visualization of cultural identity in the “theater” of everyday life
Authors: Prokopovych L. V.
Published: May 2019

The purpose of the study is to identify the specific features and socio-philosophical foundations of the visualization of cultural identity in the “theater” of everyday life. The research methodology is based on: 1) the theory of the image, which evolves from the perception of the image as a simple sign to the understanding that in some cases it can become a symbol (with broad interpretational possibilities); 2) method of sociocultural analysis in the framework of concept of theatricality of sociocommunicative manifestations of culture. The effectiveness of the concept of theatricality of sociocommunicative manifestations of culture is due to the fact that it allows you to “collect” at one point performative, medial, iconic, semiotic and other concepts of philosophical understanding of social processes and phenomena. This approach showed the need for a new look at the dramatization of life, where not only “the whole world is the theater, and the people in it are actors”, but also every person is a “theater”. A look at the modern world as a combination of individual, personal “theaters” (the scientific novelty of the research) made it possible to identify the special functions of costume and jewelry in the scenography of these “theaters”. These functions are manifested in situations that require a person to create a certain image. Then the costume and jewelry become: 1) an active component of the sociocommunicative space, as mediums of information of a certain nature; 2) a form of self-presentation; 3) a way to visualize cultural identity. It is shown that the causes of the emergence of cultural phenomena of fashion and theatricalization of life are the same: in both cases, the desire of people to “try on” different roles is realized. This correlates with the possibility of simultaneously determining several identities for one person, which means not a loss of identity or the replacement of one’s own identity (imposed), but the search for additional personal identities. Costume and jewelry provide ample opportunities for such personal creative experiments with identity/roles in the “theater” of everyday life. Characteristic features of the modern “theater” of everyday life, as well as the cultural situation in general, are dynamism, frequent changes of form and states. Therefore, the change of images (which is easily accomplished by changing jewelry and accessories) contributes to this sociocultural game.
Eficácia da simulação na autoconfiança de estudantes de enfermagem para ressuscitação cardiopulmonar extra-hospitalar: um estudo quase experimental
Authors: Barbosa Genesis Souza , Bias Caio Guilherme Silva , Agostinho Lorene Soares , Oberg Luciana Maria Capurro de Queiroz , Lopes Rafael Oliveira Pitta , Sousa Regina Marcia Cardoso de
Published: May 2019

AIMS: To verify the effectiveness of the simulation in the self-confidence of nursing students for extra-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. METHODS: A quasi-experimental, before and after, single-group study, was performed with nursing undergraduate students. The sample was recruited among university students who were in the second or third year of graduation and accepted to participate in the research. The intervention protocol consisted of individual participation in a emergency simulated clinical scenario. The simulated scenario adopted consisted of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in extra-hospital cardiorespiratory arrest, using the Mini Anne Plus® low fidelity manikin. In addition to the sociodemographic variables, students' self-confidence for emergency action was analyzed, evaluated by the Self-Confidence Scale, before and after each simulation. Marginal and homogeneous Wilcoxon homogeneity tests were applied, and the accepted significance level was 5%.RESULTS: Thirteen two undergraduate students in nursing between the ages of 18 and 38 participated in the study. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) were observed in the answers of all the questions of the Self-confidence Scale when compared before and after the simulation. There was also a statistically significant increase (p < 0.001) in cardiological, respiratory and neurological scores after simulation.CONCLUSIONS: The simulation proved to be an effective educational strategy in increasing the self-confidence of nursing students to perform extra-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Avaliação postural de sujeitos com amputação de membro inferior
Authors: Leite Viviane , Luza Lisiane Piazza , Dias Sara Maria Soffiatti , Caviquioni Thamara , Zampirolo Ediane Roberge Fernandes , Da Silva Rudney
Published: May 2019

AIMS: To evaluate the posture of subjects with lower limb amputee.METHODS: Ten subjects participated in the study, males, with 38,2 ± 8,2 years, with unilateral lower limb amputation and prosthesis users. For the postural evaluation, the Postural Evaluation Software (SAPO) was used, and the images were evaluated according to the software protocol. Data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics (independent t test), with a significance level of p ≤ 0,05.RESULTS: The main alterations observed were: rearfoot valgus enlargement, flexed ankle, head tilted to the right and trunk in flexion. When compared the posture according to time of amputation, was observed a statistically significant difference in the horizontal asymmetry of scapula in relation to T3 (p = 0,004), being that subjects with amputation time of up to six years presented the left scapula higher than the right one (-5,28 ± 8,16°) and those with more than six years of amputation had the right upper right scapula (19,42 ± 11°). In the comparison between amputation levels, there was a statistically significant difference in the ankle angle (p = 0,008), with subjects with amputation below the knee presenting greater ankle flexion (81,97 ± 1,72°) than those with amputation at the level of the knee and above this (87,30 ± 2,65°).CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study demonstrate that all the evaluated subjects presented some postural alteration, however, it cannot be affirmed that the postural asymmetry of these is due to the amputation.
Níveis de fundamentação do sistema filosófico hegeliano
Authors: Wohlfart João Alberto
Published: May 2019

Este artigo tem como objeto de investigação os principais níveis de fundamentação enquanto momentos estruturantes do sistema filosófico hegeliano. No contexto filosófico da comemoração dos duzentos anos de publicação da Enciclopédia das Ciências Filosóficas, o objeto do trabalho é a reconstrução dos momentos estruturantes da passagem da Ciência da Lógica para a Filosofia da Natureza, da Filosofia da Natureza para a Filosofia do Espírito e dessas para a esfera do Espírito Absoluto. O artigo não tem como meta a discussão de tópicos intrínsecos à Ciência da Lógica ou à Filosofia do Espírito, mas visa à exposição de círculos da passagem dialética de uma esfera para a outra como um autodesenvolvimento sistemático qualitativo. Mesmo de caráter genérico, não aponta para a possível substantividade de uma parte do sistema, mas para as relações fundamentais entre os círculos. O texto é perpassado por uma chave interpretativa da filosofia hegeliana no sentido de que não é formado por partes fixas e estanques, mas é articulado na perspectiva de relações fundamentais caracterizadoras das interfaces entre as esferas.
Reconhecimento, religião e secularismo em Charles Taylor
Authors: Oliveira Juliano Cordeiro da Costa
Published: May 2019

O artigo objetiva investigar, à luz do filósofo Charles Taylor, a questão do reconhecimento dos sujeitos a partir da relação entre secularismo e religião. O fio condutor do pensamento de Taylor é o comunitarismo. Este se relaciona com a ideia de que o contexto das normas que regem uma sociedade deve ser o de uma comunidade que, em seus valores, práticas e instituições formam um horizonte constitutivo para a identidade de seus membros. Somente assim seria possível colocar as questões da justiça e, então, responder sobre o que é bom e o que deve valer para a comunidade. Segundo Taylor, os homens são seres expressivos porque pertencem a uma cultura que é nutrida e transmitida no interior de uma comunidade. Taylor parte da crítica hegeliana ao formalismo kantiano que deslocou o sujeito da comunidade, da história e da cultura, gerando demandas de reconhecimento. Ele enfatiza que a religião, por exemplo, ainda se relaciona com a formação das diversas identidades, tal qual uma esfera essencial na constituição dos sujeitos, mesmo em sociedades secularizadas. Taylor destaca a existência de múltiplas modernidades, uma vez que culturas não ocidentais foram modernizadas à sua maneira, sem a necessária separação entre identidades secularizadas e religiosas. O filósofo também defende uma redefinição do secularismo que valorize as religiões como fontes essenciais e indispensáveis para diversos sujeitos que se formaram a partir de outras linguagens, culturas e tradições diversas da concepção tradicional de secularismo. Como, então, pensar a questão do reconhecimento, no âmbito da relação entre secularismo e religião?
Adam Smith e a virtude da justiça
Authors: Coitinho Denis
Published: May 2019

O objetivo central desse artigo é refletir sobre o papel e o significado do critério de justiça no pensamento de Adam Smith, considerando especialmente a obra The Theory of Moral Sentiments e, parcialmente, as obras Lectures on Jurisprudence e An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. O propósito básico é tentar esboçar uma teoria da justiça que pode ser encontrada nas obras de Smith, particularmente no seu texto de 1759, a saber, The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Para tal, inicio esclarecendo alguns conceitos centrais de sua teoria moral sentimentalista, a saber, empatia (sympathy), espectador imparcial (impartial espectator) e mão invisível (invisible hand). Posteriormente, investigo o papel das virtudes nesta teoria normativa anti-utilitarista e a distinção entre virtudes positivas e negativas. De posse disso, o próximo passo será analisar a concepção de justiça retributiva defendida por Smith, que parece defender uma teoria híbrida da punição por englobar aspectos retributivista, preventivista, expressivista e reabilitacionista. Por fim, reflito sobre o significado da justiça como virtude negativa e sua ligação com os direitos.
Discrimination of Chinese yellow wine from different origins based on flavor fingerprint
Authors: Chen Tong , Qi Xingpu , Chen Mingjie , Lu Daoli , Chen Bin
Published: May 2019

In this study, discrimination of Chinese yellow wines from Shaoxing, Shandong, and Hubei in China has been carried out according to volatile flavor components. A total of 122 yellow wine samples were characterized by gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC–IMS). A simple color mixing method was visually used to select characteristic peaks based on the RGB color model. Then, the volatile organic compounds corresponding to the selected characteristic peaks were identified via library searching, and the height values of those peaks were arranged for further chemometric pretreatment. Principal component analysis was employed to reveal significant differences and potential patterns between samples. Finally, quadratic discriminant analysis was applied to develop a classification model and achieved a correct classified rate of 95.35% for the prediction set. The results prove that the aroma composition combined with chemometric tools can be used as a fingerprinting technique to protect the product of origin and enable the authenticity of Chinese yellow wine.
Psychometric validation of the Internet Gaming Disorder-20 Test among Chinese middle school and university students
Authors: Shu M. Yu , Ivan Jacob Agaloos Pesigan , Meng Xuan Zhang , Anise M. S. Wu
Published: May 2019

Background and aims

Internet gaming disorder (IGD) was proposed in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders of American Psychiatric Association as an area warranting more research attention. High prevalence of excessive Internet game use and related addictions has been reported in China, especially among youth; however, there is a lack of psychometrically and theoretically sound instruments for assessing IGD in the Chinese language.

Methods

This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of a Chinese version of the Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGD-20 Test) among Chinese middle school (n = 569; Mage = 13.34; 46.2% females) and university students (n = 523; Mage = 20.12; 48.4% females) samples in Beijing, China. All participants voluntarily completed an anonymous questionnaire.

Results

Confirmatory factor analysis results showed that the Chinese version of the IGD-20 Test had five factors (i.e., salience-tolerance, mood modification, withdrawal, conflict, and relapse). Measurement invariance was confirmed across the two samples. The test score was positively associated with the modified Young’s Internet Addiction Test for gaming addiction. Concurrent validation was further demonstrated by the IGD-20 Test’s positive correlation with weekly gameplay and depression symptoms. The latent profile analysis showed four different gamer classes (i.e., regular gamers, low-risk engaged gamers, high-risk engaged gamers, and probable disordered gamers), with the estimated prevalence of 2.1% of the last group.

Discussion and conclusion

The IGD-20 Test was applicable to Chinese youth and its Chinese version generally demonstrated good psychometric properties.
First record of Trachycephalus nigromaculatus (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae) in the state of Piauí, Brazil
Authors: Augusto Martins Renato , Moreira Assalim André
Published: May 2019

We present the first occurrence of Trachycephalus nigromaculatus Tschudi, 1838 in the state of Piauí. This new record is from southern Piauí and represents the northwestern known occurrence record of this species, expanding its geographic distribution.
New Technologies to Combat Herbicide Resistance
Authors: Edwards Rob
Published: May 2019

Herbicide resistance in problem weeds is now a major threat to global food production, being particularly widespread in wild grasses affecting cereal crops. In the UK, black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides) holds the title of number one agronomic problem in winter wheat, with the
loss of production associated with herbicide resistance now estimated to cost the farming sector at least £0.5 billion p.a. Black-grass presents us with many of the characteristic traits of a problem weed; being highly competitive, genetically diverse and obligately out-crossing, with
a growth habit that matches winter wheat. With the UK’s limited arable crop rotations and the reliance on the repeated use of a very limited range of selective herbicides we have been continuously performing a classic Darwinian selection for resistance traits in weeds that possess great
genetic diversity and plasticity in their growth habits. The result has been inevitable; the steady rise of herbicide resistance across the UK, which now affects over 2.1 million hectares of some of our best arable land. Once the resistance genie is out of the bottle, it has proven difficult
to prevent its establishment and spread. With the selective herbicide option being no longer effective, the options are to revert to cultural control; changing rotations and cover crops, manual rogueing of weeds, deep ploughing and chemical mulching with total herbicides such as glyphosate.
While new precision weeding technologies are being developed, their cost and scalability in arable farming remains unproven. As an agricultural scientist who has spent a working lifetime researching selective weed control, we seem to be giving up on a technology that has been a foundation
stone of the green revolution. For me it begs the question, are we really unable to use modern chemical and biological technology to counter resistance? I would argue the answer to that question is most patently no; solutions are around the corner if we choose to develop them.
'It inspires and motivates you to do something that makes a difference': Transformational education experiences and global citizenry in a tertiary travel award
Authors: Daly Nicola
Published: May 2019

Literature shows that international travel as part of tertiary studies can result in transformational learning and increased global citizenry. There is a growing body of research in this field but most has focused on study abroad programmes, mainly in North American universities, based on the delivery of course content in a setting outside the country of origin. This present study examines the experience of participants from a university on a tertiary travel award with specific educational intent, but not based on a credit-bearing course delivering subject-specific content. Fifteen participants and four chaperones from five annual intakes (2013-2017) were interviewed and themes from the interviews provide evidence of the transformative educational outcomes of such an undertaking, and of how such an experience can nurture global citizenry. Findings provide evidence of all three aspects of global citizenry emanating from the travel award experience: global awareness, global-mindedness and global competence.
An old story, a new voice: Tertiary education in the Bay of Plenty region
Authors: Amundsen Diana
Published: May 2019

In this article, I first critique neoliberal effects on the Aotearoa New Zealand tertiary education sector and then provide a close-up look at tertiary education in the Bay of Plenty region. Information is based on aspects of my doctoral research which was located across three tertiary education organisations comprising the Bay of Plenty Tertiary Education Partnership: The University of Waikato, Toi Ohomai Institute of Technology and, Te Whare Wānanga o Awanuiārangi.  The findings of this research examine connections across the partnership, delving into relevant aspects of universities, polytechnics and wānanga. I evaluate the historical, geographical, political and socio-cultural context of all three institutions. Lastly, I discuss campus connections between the partnership organisations. The emerging picture reveals an old story of expansion and growth with a new voice of tension between collaboration and competition in the face of a neoliberal education context. This article offers timely implications for contemporary and future University of Waikato campus connections and may appeal to academics, graduate students, policymakers and the general public.
Response
Authors: Rata Elizabeth Mary
Published: May 2019

No abstract.
THE ROLE OF THE HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 70 IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY
Authors: Ponasenko O. A. , Gankovskaya L. V. , Svitich O. A.
Published: May 2019

The problem of studying cardiovascular diseases (CVD) for a long time remains extremely important, and, therefore, there are many works that offer new ways to diagnose and treat this group of diseases. Great opportunities are provided by the study of molecular interactions for a more accurate understanding of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular pathology. Many studies have recently been devoted to finding potential markers of CVD risk with the aim of more accurate and early diagnosis. In this review we analyze the latest literature data dedicated to the role of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in cardiovascular pathology. HSP70 take part in such processes as arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, and atherosclerosis. In atherogenesis, serum heat shock proteins 70 play a major role. It has been proven that in patients with a high concentration of heat shock protein molecules circulating in the blood, increased values of the carotid intima-media complex were observed. The important role of antibodies to circulating HSP70 is noted. Found an association of high levels of these antibodies with atherosclerosis in patients with arterial hypertension in history, with myocardial infarction. Low levels of anti-HSP70 antibodies are observed in patients with acute coronary syndrome. This proves the complexity of the mechanism and the dual role of antibodies against serum heat shock proteins 70. Thus, antibodies against heat shock proteins 70 can be assessed as a protective marker, and as a predictor, which requires further study, and the HSP70 molecules themselves can somehow to participate in the development of cardiovascular pathologies. Much attention is paid to the role of the inflammatory process and the mechanisms of innate immunity in CVD. As it is currently believed that Danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are involved in the pathogenesis of these pathologies in the context of a “hazard/damage” model. According to this model, the triggering factor is stress, leading to the release of DAMPs and their binding to innate immunity receptors - Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Activation of TLRs triggers the signaling cascade in the cell leading to the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This contributes to the development of inflammation, which can provoke the emergence of new pathological processes in the body and worsen the course of existing diseases. The identification of new potential markers and knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of CVD can play an important role in the development of a new individual approach to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
PECULIARITIES OF ALLOGENIC INTERACTIONS IN THE SHORT-TERM CULTURE OF LYMPHOCYTES OF SPOUSES WHO HAVE CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASES OR EARLY REPRODUCTIVE LOSSES
Authors: Shabaldin A. V. , Shmulevich S. A. , Chistyakova G. N. , Remizova I. I. , Lukoyanycheva E. B. , Gorshkova S. V. , Shabaldina E. V.
Published: May 2019

We have studied HLA allogeneic interactions in short-term cultures of lymphocytes from the parents having children with congenital heart defects (CHD), or subject to early reproductive losses. Twentyone married couples (CHD as the main group) who had children with sporadic CHD (interventricular septal defect) without chromosomal diseases were observed. Fifty married couples (a comparison group) had two or more reproductive losses in early gestation (up to 9 weeks), denoted as PNPs (miscarriages, missed abortions, habitual miscarriages. Forty-one families with three or more healthy children represented a control group. Immune response in cell cultures was evaluated by increasing expression of HLA-DR in a mixed culture, as compared to spontaneous lymphocyte cultures. Initial labeling of female and male lymphocytes with monoclonal antibodies to CD45 conjugated to different fluorescent dyes (PC-5 and PC-7) allowed us to evaluate the immune response of female lymphocytes to males and vice versa. The suppressor effect of autologous female serum upon the mixed culture of the lymphocytes of the spouses was also evaluated. Results of the present study showed a difference in HLA allogeneic interactions in the short-term culture of lymphocytes registered for spouses with reproductive losses and children with congenital heart defects. Reproductive losses were associated with a low blocking effect of female auto-serum upon allogeneic HLA interactions in the short-term culture of the lymphocytes of the spouses. Congenital heart defects were associated with high activity of female B-lymphocytes (CD3-/HL-DR+) in short-term mixed culture of lymphocytes from the spouses.