bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria Moorela thermoacetica Nadia-3, isolated from “Nadiia” pit spoil heap of Chervonohrad mining region
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Ukraine, Сhayka O. M. , Peretyatko T. B. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Ukraine, Halushka A. A.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Thermophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria attract attention of scientists as the potential agents of purification of wastewater polluted by sulfur and its compounds, heavy metal ions and organic compounds. These bacteria oxidize different organic substrates using metals with variable valency as electron acceptors and transform them into non-toxic or less toxic forms for living organisms. However, wastewater contains high concentrations of different toxic xenobiotics, particularly, metal ions that have negative influence on living organisms. For this reason, it is important to use resistant strains of microorganisms for the purification of wastewater. The aim of this work was to identify the thermophilic sulfur-reducing bacteria, isolated from “Nadiia” pit spoil heap of Chervonohrad mining region, and to study their properties. Materials and Methods. Thermophilic sulfur-reducing bacteria were isolated from the samples of rock of “Nadiia” pit heap at 50 cm depth. Bacteria were cultivated in TF medium under the anaerobic conditions in anaerostates. Cell biomass was measured turbidimetrically using the photoelectric colorimeter KFK-3 (λ = 340 nm, 3 mm cuvette). Hydrogen sulfide content was measured photoelectrocolorymetrically by the production of methylene blue. Organic acids content was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Cr(VI), Fe(III), Мn(IV) and NO3– content was measured turbidimetrically. Results. Thermophilic sulfur-reducing bacteria were isolated from the rock of “Nadiia” pit heap of Chervonohrad mining region. They were identified as Moorela thermoacetica based on the morpho-physiological and biochemical properties and on the results of phylogenetic analysis. M. thermoacetica Nadia-3 grow in the synthetic TF medium, have the shape of elongated rods, are gram-positive, endospore-forming. They form light brown colonies. Optimal growth was observed at 50–55 °C, pH 6.5–7. The bacteria utilize glucose, starch, fructose, maltose, lactose, sodium lactate, arabinose, cellulose, maltose, glycerol, fumarate, and ethanol as carbon sources. The highest sulfidogenic activity of M. thermoacetica Nadia-3 was found in media with glycerol, lactose, and glucose. M. thermoacetica Nadia-3 reduce SO42-, S2O32-, Fe(III), NO3–, Cr(VI) compounds besides elemental sulfur. They accumulate biomass at K2Cr2O7 concentrations of 0.1–1 mM. Sulfur reduction is not the main way of energy accumulation. Conclusions. Thermophilic chromium-resistant sulfur-reducing bacteria M. thermoacetica Nadia-3, that produce hydrogen sulfide during the oxidation of different organic compounds, were isolated from the rock of “Nadiia” pit heap. They reduce Fe(III), Cr(VI), NO3–, SO42-, S2O32-, besides elemental sulfur.
The Flow of Dividends to the Seller: Customs Valuation Methodology
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow 125993, Russian Federation, Artemiev Alexey A.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to customs valuation methodology for foreign trade transactions run between related parties. It is proven that, in the conditions of a wide range of transfer pricing transactions, the actual sense of all costs and expenses of the buyer is vital. The study shows that, in determining the customs value, analysis of the business model in total, of the relationship between the parties, and of the real economic sense of various expenses is a must. Proposals for methodological approaches to customs valuation are developed and offered.
Devaluation’s Impact on the Formation of Kazakhstan Government Budget: The Factor of the National Fund Investment Income
Authors:   Kazakhstan Institute for Strategic Studies under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Nur- Sultan 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan, Dodonov Vyacheslav Yu.
Published: July 2021

Depreciation of the national currency — economies with predominantly raw material exports included — is reflected not only in the indicators of the external sector, but also in the sphere of public finance, in particular the formation of budget revenues. In Kazakhstan, the impact of devaluation on the formationof the state budget is specific, associated with the presence of a special source of its income in the form of transfers from the sovereign wealth fund (National Fund). During the period of low oil prices, revenues to the National Fund from the oil sector decreased, and its accelerated spending began, which brought to the forefront investment income as one of the main source of its receipts. The high investment income in the Kazakh currency secures relative stability of the fund’s volume and transfers to the budget, but this income is largely formed due to the exchange rate factor. The weakening of the Kazakhstani tenge against hard currencies placed as the main part of the fund’s assets ensures an increase in the tenge investment income through their revaluation. The growth of investment income, in turn, produces increased volumes of transfers to the budget. Thus, the devaluation of the tenge has become a factor of stability in the formation of state budget revenues.
Problems of Innovative Science and Technology Center Financing From Budgetary Funds
Authors:   Financial Research Institute, Moscow 127006, Russian Federation, Kudelich Makar I.
Published: July 2021

This article attempts to identify and analyze the problems of financial support for the creation and functioning of innovative science and technology centers (ISTCs) at the expense of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation which require their solution, in particular through improving legislation. The article provides an overview of the legal problems associated with the creation of ISTCs, the determination of the effectiveness of the Russian Federation’s tax expenditures on activities of the ISTCs, and the assessment of the volume and permissible directions of budget financing of the ISTCs. Conclusions are made about the absence of any formal criteria for support, or refusal to support, proposals to create an ISTC presented by the project initiator, including those related to the financial and economic justification of the requested amount of funds from the budgets of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation, as well as about the biased nature of budgetary efficiency calculation for Russia’s tax expenditures on activities of the ISTCs. The paper also contains proposals on possible mechanisms for determining and assessing the validity of financial support for ISTCs from the federal budget declared by project initiators.
High efficient removal of phosphate in aqueous solution by eco-friendly materials
Authors: Ho Ho Hong Quyen, Tran Vu Chi Mai
Published: July 2021

The efficiency of phosphate removal in aqueous solution by CaO, Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3 has been studied in this work. Batch of experiments conducted with the initial phosphate concentrations from 5 to 1000 ppm have shown that CaCO3 could be applied for phosphate removal at low concentration with the maximum phosphate removal capacity at 4.0 mg/g. In contrast, the highest phosphate removal capacity of CaO and Ca(OH)2 was 287.36 mg/g and 235.21 mg/g at initial concentration of 500 ppm, and phosphate removal rate was 85% and 97% at initial concentration of 5 ppm. Crystalline hydroxylapatite was detected in the precipitate by XRD analysis. The molar ratio of P in the precipitate and Ca in the materials (CaO and Ca(OH)2) was 0.52 and 0.56 at initial concentration of 500 ppm, compared to P/Ca molar ratio of 0.6 in hydroxylapatite. Moreover, hydroxylapatite is the main component of fertilizer that can be applied for agriculture.
An investigation on verbal bullying among Danang high school students
Authors: Le Le Quang Son, Le Nguyen Thanh Hang, Nguyen Thi Viet Phuong
Published: July 2021

Bullying among students in general and high school students in particular has become a pressing issue in the world and in Vietnam today. The paper focuses on investigating verbal bullying between high school students in Da Nang city, and developing measures to reduce bullying in high school students. Methods used in the research include theoretical analysis and synthesis, questionnaire, in-depth interviews, and educational experiment. Verbal bullying is explored in terms of the level and content of bullying, the awareness of consequences of bullying on students. Mitigating measures of verbal bullying are designed to use peer-to-peer influences through behavioral club activity, social networking forums, and acting in bullying situations brochure-building activities. The interventions are designed to focus on enhancing the ability to control emotions and form appropriate behaviors, thereby reducing verbal bullying. Experimental measures are implemented through real-life activities undertaken by high school students. Research findings reveal that all the measures suggested in the research appeared effective. Peer education is an effective option to influence verbal bullying behavior in high school students.
Drainage and management of offseason rain water in multipurpose reservoir using fuzzy model
Authors:   Mallabhum Institute of Technology, Bishnupur, India, Si Amalendu , Ganguly Uttam ,   Mallabhum Institute of Technology, Bishnupur, India
Published: July 2021

The function and management of the reservoir are fully dependent on the past history of the average weather. With the increase of global warming, there is an increase in temperature in the atmosphere, which results in melting ice in the polar region, increasing sea water labels, etc. These have bad impacts on our environment like floods and drought. It is difficult to predict the weather due to rapid changes in the climates. Then the offseason rainwater can be used to manage the crisis of the uncertain situation. This paper introduces a novel fuzzy model to redistribute reservoir water for different purposes based on the offseason rain intensity. The model has been developed for the period of the non-monsoon season with the set of parameters like inflow, outflow, rain intensity, water demand among the power generation, civil utilization, harvesting, industrial production, etc. The model has been optimized to obtain water distribution based on requirements for different purposes and maximize revenues.
الدور الثقافى للقنوات الفضائية العربية فى تقوية الروح الوطنية والإنتماء للوطن عند طلبة الجامعات العراقية
Authors: :ايمان عبد الرحمن المشهداني أ.م. د
Published: July 2021

المستخلص:

مع انتشار الثورة التكنولوجية فى العالم ومع تطور وسائل الإتصالات وشبكات الإنترنت والقنوات الفضائية تحول العالم إلى قرية كونية صغيرة تربطها شبكة اتصالات واحدة عبر الأقمار الصناعية , ومع إزدياد التنافس بين القنوات الفضائية على استقطاب الشباب , من خلال العديد من البرامج الإجتماعية والثقافية والعلمية والترفيهية الموجهه إلى المجتمع وخاصة الشباب بمختلف المراحل العمرية

وللحفاظ على الهوية الثقافية والحضارية أصبح التحدي المطروح علينا بشدة في عصر السماوات المفتوحة التي تكتظ بالأقمار الصناعية التي تحمل مئات القنوات التلفزيونية من كل أنحاء العالم بما تنطوي عليه من تأثيرات مختلفة تشكل الفكر والوجدان للشباب على حد السواء، فالإحساس بالخطر يستلزم البحث عن الهوية و الانتماء حتى لا نتعرض للصراع.

لقد غيرت تكنولوجيا الاتصال والإعلام الحديثة البيئة التي يعيش فيها شبابنا عن تلك التي كانت منذ زمن، فإذا كانت هذه الوسائل غيرت من أسلوب حياتنا وانتقالنا ووقت فراغنا وعلاقاتنا مع الأسرة والأصدقاء فكيف سيكون للأجيال الجديدة التي ستعيش في بيئة من الوسائل المعلوماتية الأكثر  تطورا بما لا يقاس بحاضرنا، وماذا سيحدث للخصوصيات والهويات المميزة بالصيغة التي نفكر فيها اليوم , ومن هنا نجد أن القنوات العربية تلعب دورا رئيسيا فى تقوية الروح الوطنية للشباب

الكلمات المفتاحية :- الفنوات التلفزيونية –الروح الوطنية –الانتماء للوطن

وقد توصل البحث الى عدد من النتائج منها :-

1-إن تنوع رغبات المشاهدة للبرامج قد ساهم في تحديد نوعية الموضوعات المفضلة لدى الطلبة بشكل خاص والمجتمع بشكل عام والتي ساهمت في تشكيل ثقافة التسامح والمحبة لدى الأفراد.

  2-ان افتقار بعض الفضائيات للتوازن في عرض وجهات النظريسهم في زيادة حدتها وتفاقمها.وشعورالمبحوثين  بعدم الانتماء

3- من خلال نتائج تحليل الاستبيان تبين أن البرامج الثقافية تعكس الواقع بشكل متفاوت مما يؤثر سلبا على احساس المبحوثين بالانتماء
أنتاج الإضلال المعاصر وطرق استهلاكه المعاصرة.
Authors: وجدان كريم عياي الباحثة
Published: July 2021

الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة على سيدنا محمد الأمين وعلى اله الكرام البررة الذين أذهب الله عنهم الرجس وطهرهم تطهيرا ، وعلى صحابته الاجلاء الذين اخلصوا لله فجعلهم من عباده الصالحين ، قد يتولد عند الانسان المسلم طرقا للإنتاج الإضلال في الفكر المعاصر وجمع العناصر الدائمة لعملية الإنتاج قد يكون أناتجه واستهلاكه من أنواعا من مؤسسات وأعلام ومراكز حلقات ودور الاهاب وهدم التعليم  ومطالعة الكتب أو مجلات أو نشريات أو صحف أو بيانات ضالة مشاهدة التلفاز والأنترنت مما يشمل على ضلال وفساد ومن خلال ذلك تعلم الإضلال والتعرف عليه وقراءته من مصادره أأ    وغيرها من الطرق الأخرى المعارضة والمضلة للإسلام سواء اكان انتاجا يتم استخدامه بدعم مادي أو دعم معنوي لاستخدامه وتكون داعمة للكفر والإضلال فهناك الكثير من هذا الأدوات التي استخدمه من أراد تضليل المجتمع الإسلامي وتدينه وابعاده عن المواجهات التي اريد لها، ومحاولة تشويه الأدوار فسعى الكثير من المخربون والمعادون من أصحاب التيارات المعادية للدين الإسلامي أن يشوهوا تعاليم الإسلام والفطرة الأخلاقي والتشكيك بالعقائد الإسلامية.Praise be to God, lord of the worlds and prayers be upon our master Muhammad the faithful and upon his honorable and honorable family from whom God has removed filth and cleansed them and upon his evacuated companions who were devoted to God and mode them among. His righteous servants A Muslim person may generate ways to produce misleading contemporary taught and collect permanent elements of the production process. Its production and consumption may be from types of institutions media, centers. the role of terrorism, demolishing Praise by to God, lord of the worlds and prayers be upon our master Muhammad the faithful and upon his honorable and honorable family from whom God has removed filth and cleansed them and upon his evacuated companions who were devoted to God and mode them among. His righteous servants A Muslim person may generate ways to produce misleading contemporary thought and collect permanent elements of the production process. Its production and consumption may be from types of institutions media, centers. the role of terrorism, demolishing education, reading books magazines, papers, or stray data, watching television and the internet, which includes delusion and corruption, and through this is to learn the ruins, get to know it and read it from its sources and other methods that oppose and mislead lslam, wether it is a product that is used with material support or moral support for its use and is supportive of disbelief and delusion. There are many of these who wanted to mislead and condemn the Islamic community and keep it away from the confrontations that l want and try distorting roles. Many saboteurs and opponents of the anti_islmic currents sought to distort the teachings of slam and the moral instinct and guest ion Islamic beliefs.
غريب اللغة بين التقييد والإبتذال
Authors: كاظم فضيل شاهر أ.م. د
Published: July 2021

غريب اللغة هو اللفظ أو العبارة الغامضة، وقد اختلف العربُ جمهوراً وعلماَء في استعماله وتوظيفه في الواقع أو في المؤلفات اللغويّة والمضان المقدَّسة، اذ جرى تقييد الغريب في العصور الأولى بمستوى الفصاحة فضلاً على تضمينه دلالة الغموض والبعد وعلى وفق مراتب القائلين وطبقاتهم في مستوى الفصاحة، إلّا انَّ الامر لم يجرِ على هذا في العصور اللاحقة إذ إنَّ استعمال اللفظ أو العبارة الغامضة أبتُذل وأُطلق على الفصيح وغيره فضلاً على حمله على دلالات أُخرى توسعاً ومجازاً نحو دلالات الوحشي والمولَّد والعامي والنادر والشاذ وتوزعه على دلالات الإبهام والإشكال والغموض والبعد، فمطلب الغرابة في هذه العصور شمل الغموض والبعد وزيادة، ووجِّه نحو طبقات المولَّدين والعوام وفئات من سفلة الناس وطبقات الصناع وأهل المهن، فتحولت دلالته إلى الاطلاق والابتذال.
معايير النخبة الأكاديمية العراقية في التعرض للقنوات الفضائية الإخبارية الأجنبية الناطقة باللغة العربية
Authors: حسين جاسم جابر الزركاني د.
Published: July 2021

برز دور وسائل الأتصال بشكل ملفت للنظر كأحد الأدوات الرئيسية للسياسة الخارجية للدول – وقد استعانت الدول بالإعلام من اجل تعزيز مكانتها الدولية وأهدافها الانية بما ينسجم مع سياسة الدولة أو المؤسسة اوالقناة الفضائية. في خضم ازدياد الأستنساخ السريع للقنوات الفضائية والتوسع الإعلامي المرئي والمسموع في ظل التغيرات التي يشهدها العالم لاسيما الجيوسياسية والتي ارجعها اغلبية الباحثين والمفكرين للسلطة الرابعة و الإعلام الجديد وما يحتويه من تقنيات ووسائل وبالخصوص ما يشهده الواقع العربي تحت مظلة ما يسمى الربيع العربي وفي اطار بزوغ مؤشرات جديدة تمهيداً لتشكيل عالم جديد سياساً وجغرافياً بدأ التركيز على المنطقة العربية من طرف الدول الكبرى وادركت ان التجمع وسيلة لتبادل الخطاب بينها وبين شعوب هذه الدول هو الفضائيات الأجنبية والموجهة للعالم العربي والناطقة باللغة العربية وان العالم كما قال ( ماكلوهان ) اصبح قرية واحدة تسمع كل اخبارها ولا تخفى منها خافية.
Maritime container terminal service quality in the face of COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Charłampowicz Jędrzej
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic had a serious impact on global trade in 2020. The interruption of the supply chains due to various restrictions influenced the rapid drop in the transport demand. In the last decade, the global containerized trade has noted the growth of approximately 55,5%, with an average pace of growth of about 5% yearly. Container shipping, as one of the industries vulnerable to economic shocks, has noted a significant drop in trade. The role of maritime container terminals as an integrator and facilitator of global trade in the global supply chains is undisputed. Therefore, the role of services provided by the maritime container terminals has grown in importance. This situation generates the necessity to adapt to these circumstances in a way that expresses the need of improving the service quality, as one of the key aspects of competitiveness. The purpose of this paper is to determine the possibility to verify the relation between COVID-19 impacts on maritime container transport and maritime container terminal service quality. Based on the findings the suggested actions for service quality improvement are proposed.
UAS Putri Rahayu 10200120139
Authors: Rahayu Putri
Published: July 2021

Negara merupakan suatu organisasi besar dan kompleks, terdiri dari unsur-unsur yang membentuknya yaitu adanya wilayah unsur negara, unsur negara dan penduduk dan unsur negara pemerintah yang sah dan efektif menjalankan tugasnya serta pengakuan internasional atas kemerdekaan dan kedaulatan negara yang bersangkutan. Maka setiap negara merdeka dan berdaulat haruslah memiliki warga negara yang sah. Sebaliknya di pandang dari segi kewargaan, maka setiap orang haruslah mempunyai status bersifat universal yang dalam pasal 28D ayat(4) UUD 1945 juga diakui sebagai hak setiap orang. Harus di sadari bahwa setiap negara memiliki kebebasan untuk menentukan asas kewarganegaraan seseorang. Asas kewarganegaraan merupakan pedoman dasar bahu suatu negara untuk menentukan siapakah yang menjadi warga negaranya. Status kewarganegaraan itu penting bagi setiap orang agar kedudukannya sebagai subjek hukum yang berhak menyandang hak dan kewajiban hukum dapat dijamin secara legal dan actual. StatuS kewarganegaraan itu dapat menjadi jembatan bagi setiap warga negara untuk menikmati keuntungan dari hukum internasional. Hal ini berkaitan dengan adanya keberadaan lembaga negara Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam kehidupan negara modern dianggap sebagai sistem ketatanegaraan yang sudah ada dan mapan.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI DAN KOMPENSASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA CV. JAYA BAKERY DI BANDAR LAMPUNG.
Authors: Ardansyah
Published: July 2021

Permasalahan yang dirumuskan adalah, Apakah Motivasi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan, Apakah kompensasi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan, Apakah Motivasi dan kompensasi secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan. Tujuan dalam penelitian adalah Untuk menganalisis menurunnya kinerja karyawan CV Jaya Bakery yang dipengaruhi oleh Motivasi dan kompensasi, dan Sebagai sumbangan pemikiran kepada pihak perusahaan dalam rangka berusaha meningkatkan kinerja karyawan. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah karyawan di CV Jaya Bakery yang berjumlah 40 orang responden. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Uji validitas dan realibelitas dalam penelitian menggunakan Spss versi 17 berstatus valid dan reliabel. Metode yang digunakan adalah Regresi linier berganda, Uji t dan Uji F. Hasil analisis Regresi linier berganda yaitu: Y= 9,609 + 0,435X1 + 0,315X2. Pengujian Hipotesis Motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan taraf signifikansi 5% yaitu dk = n-k maka dk = 40-3 = 37, thitung 3,847 > ttabel 2,026 artinya Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak, artinya terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara variabel Motivasi dengan kinerja karyawan. Pengujian Hipotesis kompensasi terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan taraf signifikansi 5% terdapat pengaruh antara Motivasi dengan kinerja karyawan. Pengujian Hipotesis F dengan taraf 5% yaitu F hitung (38,917) > F tabel (3,32), artinya Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Artinya Motivasi dan Kompensasi secara bersama- sama berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Dengan demikian hipotesis penelitian yang dinyatakan dalam penelitian ini dapat diterima, berarti variabel Motivasi dan kompensasi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan di CV Jaya Bakery.
Differential expression of hematopoietic SH2 domain containing in human epithelial ovarian cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: July 2021

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer (1). We performed discovery of genes associated with epithelial ovarian cancer and of the high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) subtype, using published microarray data (2, 3) to compare global gene expression profiles of normal ovary or fallopian tube with that of primary tumors from women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer or HGSC. We identified the gene encoding hematopoietic SH2 domain containing, HSH2D, as among the genes whose expression was most different in epithelial ovarian cancer as compared to the normal fallopian tube. HSH2D expression was significantly higher in high-grade serous ovarian tumors relative to normal fallopian tube. HSH2D expression correlated with progression-free survival in patients with ovarian cancer. These data indicate that expression of HSH2D is perturbed in epithelial ovarian cancers broadly and in ovarian cancers of the HGSC subtype. HSH2D may be relevant to pathways underlying ovarian cancer initiation (transformation) or progression.
The equivalence Spacetime curvature - Information wave function Entropy: a link between quantum mechanics and general relativity in Universe and Brain
Authors: ZAARAOUI hind
Published: July 2021

Our work consists on showing that the Spacetime curvature introduced by Einstein in the Universe and also in the Brain is a result of the Information Entropy of different quantum Paths of elementary particles (leptons, bosons…) of path integrals model. We started by seeing the structure of how the incoming information is processed and then propagated in the brain and how the latter is deformed in each neuron to thus create a potential reaction response distorted or not. In quantum physics, and particularly in quantum field theory (QFT), the paths in path integrals have an equivalent role to paths between two neighboring linked neurons (synapses + neurotransmitters + dendrites). Using this modeling, we prove mathematically that the entropy of the Information coming from the paths could be equivalent to the Spacetime curvature in Universe as in Brain
A Simple Model of Global Value Chains
Authors: Dutta Sourish
Published: July 2021

Nowadays most of the production processes are composed of different tasks performed by several geographically separated economic agents with its profound impact similar to what observed regarding the division of labour. This system of global production sharing, which is known as Global Value Chains (GVCs), is eventually forming an extensive network of economic values or value added that explains the changing nature of international trade & development. In this context, the gross nature of imports and exports data is such that it cannot provide any direct information about the foreign and domestic value added to an economy. Analysis of value-added trade requires much more sophisticated data like TiVA and WIOD. Nonetheless, we can get some indirect indications about the GVC phenomenon through a set of analytic refinements based on gross trade data and its informed classifications.
Minimisation de l’effort et autorégulation de l’activité physique
Authors: Cheval Boris , Boisgontier Matthieu P
Published: July 2021

La théorie présentée dans cet article vise à expliquer pourquoi de nombreuses personnes ne parviennent pas à transformer leur intention d’être physiquement actif en actions. Les principaux modèles de la motivation humaine indiquent que les processus cognitifs et affectifs sont des déterminants essentiels des comportements de santé, tels que l’activité physique. Cependant, des résultats récents suggèrent qu’un autre processus, l’attrait automatique pour la minimisation de l’effort pourrait permettre de mieux comprendre l’écart entre l’intention d’être actif physiquement et l’engagement réel dans l’activité physique. Les sociétés modernes offrant de nombreuses occasions de réduire la dépense énergétique, surmonter cette attrait automatique pour la minimisation de l’effort s’avère être un défi. La théorie de la minimisation de l’effort en activité physique propose un cadre théorique pour étudier le rapport de force qui régit les interactions entre l’attrait pour la minimisation de l’effort, les ressources cognitives allouées pour y résister et les affects impliqués dans les comportements d’activité physique. Ce cadre théorique a pour objectif de contribuer à une compréhension plus complète et précise des mécanismes neuropsychologiques impliqués dans l’autorégulation de l’activité physique.
tugas hukum tatanegara
Authors: irwansya Andri
Published: July 2021

Hak Azasi Manusia, Hak dan Kewajiban Warga Negara,Hukum Positif1. PendahuluanHak dan Kewajiban Warga Negara dalam batas-batastertentu telah difahami orang,akan tetapi karena setiap orangmelakukan akitivitas yang beraneka ragam dalam kehidupankenegaraan, maka apa yang menjadi hak dan kewajibannyaseringkali terlupakan. Dalam kehidupan kenegaraan kadangkala hak warga negara berhadapan dengan kewajibannya.Bahkan tidak jarang kewajiban warga negara lebih banyakdituntut sementara hak-hak warga negara kurang mendapatkanperhatian.Hak dan kewajiban warga negara dalam kehidupankenegaraan maupun hak dan kewajiban seseorang dalamkehidupan pribadinya, secara historis tidak pernah dirumuskansecara sempurna, karena organisasi negara tidak bersifat statis.Artinya organisasi negara itu mengalami perkembangan sejalandengan perkembangan manusia. Kedua konsep hak dankewajiban warga negara/manusia berjalan seiring. Hak dan kewajiban asasi marupakan konsekwensi logis dari pada hakdan kewajiban kenegaraan juga manusia tidak dapatmengembangkan hak asasinya tanpa hidup dalam organisasinegara.Hak dan kewajiban warga negara dan hak asasi manusiadewasa ini menjadi amat penting untuk dikaji lebih mendalammengingat negara kita sedang menumbuhkan kehidupandemokrasi. Betapa tidak, disatu pihak implementasi hak dankewajiban menjadi salah satu indikator keberhasilantumbuhnya kehidupan demokrasi. Dilain pihak hanya dalamsuatu negara yang menjalankan sistem pemerintahandemokrasi, hak asasi mnusia maupun hak dan kewajiban warganegara dapat terjamin.Hak asasi manusia marupun hak dan kewajiban warganegara sebagai salah satu elemen penting dari demokrasidisamping supremasi hukum, telah diatur dalam UUD 1945.Pengaturantersebutbersifat pokok-pokok saja sehingga memerlukan penjabaran baik melalui ketetapan MPR maupunperaturan perundang-undangan sebagai produk bersama DPRdan Presiden.Pengaturan hak asasi manusia maupun hak dan kewajibanwarga negara secara lebih operasional ke dalam pelbagaiperaturan perundang-undangan amat bermanfaat. Pengaturandemikian ituakan menjadi acuan bagi penyelenggara negaraagar terhindar dari tindakan sewenang-wenang tatkalamengoptimalisasikan tugas kenegaraan. Sedangkan bagimasyarakat/warga negara hal itu merupakanpegangan/pedoman dalam mengaktualisasikan hak-haknyadengan penuh rasa tanggung jawab. Akan tetapi bagaimanasubstansi HAM maupun hak dan kewajiban warga negaraIndonesia dalam perundang-undangan/ hukum positif menarikuntuk menjadi bahan kajian. Dengan kejelasan substansitersebut dapat memotivasi warga untuk memahaminya lebihmendalam serta memberdayakan hak dan kewajibannya dalamkonteks pelaksanaan otonomi dan semangat demokratisasi didaerah.B.PENDAHULUAN
ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU UPAYA MEMINIMALKAN BIAYA PERSEDIAAN PADA PERUSAHAAN ELANG SEDERHANA DI KOTA PALEMBANG.
Authors: Alam Iskandar Ali , Tandra Winarto
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji lebih dalam tentang penggunaan metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) dalam mengendalikan bahan baku Perusahaan Elang Sederhana. Data penelitian ini adalah jumlah pembelian, jumlah persediaan, jumlah pemakaian bahan baku yang digunakan dalam proses produksi, serta biaya pemesanan dan biaya penyimpanan bahan baku.Hasil penelitian didapatkan persediaan bahan baku yang optimal merupakan faktor penting dalam proses kelancaran produksi pada suatu perusahaan. Bahan baku ini dapat dikendalikan dengan menggunakan metode tertentu, salah satunya adalah metode Economic Order Quantity(EOQ) yang memiliki tingkat keakuratan perhitungan yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode konvensional. Hasil penelitian didapatkan persediaan optimal bahan baku Sagu Rumbia menggunakan metode EOQ sebesar 17.249 kg dengan frekuensi pembelian sebanyak 36 kali, Safety Stock sebesar 4.084 kg dan ROP dilakukan pada saat bahan baku digudang sebesar 4.946kg dengan TIC Rp 124.200.000, sedangkan menggunakan metode konvensional pembeliaan bahan baku sebesar 4960 kg dengan frekuensi pembelian sebanyak 36kali dan safety stock sebesar 5000 kg.Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah perhitungan menggunakan metode EOQ pada bahan baku sagu rumbia lebih efisien dibandingkan dengan metode konvensional. Hal ini terlihat dari hasil perbandingan TIC yang lebih efisien menggunakan metode EOQ sehingga mampu menghemat biaya dan mampu menambah keuntungan. Saran yang dianjurkan bagi menejemen Perusahaan Elang Sederhana adalah dengan menggunakan metode EOQ dalam proses pengendalian bahan baku perusahaan.
Reducing suicide risk in parentally bereaved youth through promoting effective parenting: Testing a developmental cascade model.
Authors: Zhang Na , Sandler Irwin , Tein Jenn-Yun , Wolchik Sharlene
Published: July 2021

Children who experience the death of a parent are at increased risk for suicidality. The Family Bereavement Program (FBP) is a preventive intervention for parentally bereaved families that was found to reduce suicidal thoughts or attempts in parentally bereaved youth up to 6 and 15 years later. In this study, we tested whether FBP-induced improvement in parenting led to changes in multiple factors that prior theory and research implicated in the pathway to suicide risk, namely, aversive self-views, caregiver and peer connectedness, grief, depressive symptoms and emotion suppression. The sample was 244 bereaved youth and their surviving caregiver from 156 families. Families were randomized into the FBP (twelve group-based sessions for parents, youth, and two joint sessions) or literature control condition. Caregivers and youth completed baseline, post-test, 6 years and 15 years follow-up assessments. Results showed that program-induced improved parenting at post-test was associated with reduced aversive self-views and increased caregiver connectedness at 6 years follow-up, and each was in turn associated with reduced suicide risk at 6 and 15 years follow-up. The mediated pathways via aversive self-views remained significant while controlling for the pathways via caregiver connectedness. We discussed the theoretical and clinical implications of the findings.
Top-Down Modulation of Motor Priming by Belief About Animacy: A Registered Replication Report
Authors: Cracco Emiel , Liepelt Roman , Brass Marcel , Genschow Oliver
Published: July 2021

Research has shown that people automatically imitate others and that this tendency is stronger when the other person is a human compared with a non-human agent. However, a controversial question is whether automatic imitation is also modulated by whether people believe the other person is a human. Although early research supported this hypothesis, not all studies reached the same conclusion and a recent meta-analysis found that there is currently neither evidence in favor nor against an influence of animacy beliefs on automatic imitation. One of the most prominent studies supporting such an influence is the study by Liepelt & Brass (2010), who found that automatic imitation was stronger when participants believed an ambiguous, gloved hand to be human, as opposed to wooden. In this registered report, we provide a high-powered replication of this study (N = 199). In contrast to Liepelt & Brass (2010), we did not find an effect of animacy beliefs on automatic imitation. However, we did find a correlation between automatic imitation and perceived self-other similarity. Together, these results suggest that the gloved hand procedure does not reliably influence automatic imitation, but that interindividual differences in perceived similarity do.
Use, Knowledge and Misconceptions of Effect Sizes in Psychology
Authors: Collins Elizabeth , Watt Roger
Published: July 2021

In this study, 247 psychologists were surveyed to examine effect size use, barriers to use, and effect size knowledge measured using quantitative and qualitative questions. This pre-print reports our findings.
Caregivers’ self-compassion and bereaved children’s adjustment: Testing caregivers’ mental health and parenting as mediators
Authors: Zhang Na , Sandler Irwin , Tein Jenn-Yun , Wolchik Sharlene , Donohue Erin
Published: July 2021

Objectives: Self-compassion, which involves mindfulness, self-kindness, and common humanity, has been found to be related to individuals’ mental health. Few studies have examined caregivers’ self-compassion in relation to parenting behaviors and child adjustment in addition to its relation their own mental health. In the current study we examined caregivers’ self-compassion as a protective factor related to parentally bereaved children’s internalizing and externalizing problems and further tested whether these relations were mediated by caregivers’ mental health (complicated grief and psychological distress) and parenting. Methods: The sample consisted of 74 caregivers (female = 78.4%) who participated in a larger study designed for bereaved families. At T1 (baseline) and T2 (20 weeks later), caregivers completed measures on demographic information, self-compassion, complicated grief, parental warmth, and consistent discipline, as well as child internalizing and externalizing problems. Results: Findings supported that caregivers’ self-compassion was prospectively related to decreased internalizing and externalizing problems in bereaved children. Mediation analyses showed that the effect of self-compassion on externalizing problems was mediated by parental warmth and by consistent discipline. In addition, caregivers’ self-compassion was prospectively associated with decreased complicated grief and psychological distress of the caregiver. Conclusions: These findings add to the knowledge on the benefits of self-compassion for bereaved families and suggest that caregivers’ self-compassion intervention may be a leveraging point to protect both bereaved caregivers from complicated grief and distress but also to strengthen parenting which leads to bereaved children’s adjustment.
Hard times and falling fertility in the United States
Authors: Cohen Philip N.
Published: July 2021

Recent reports have suggested that falling fertility in the US since the 2008 recession is being driven by women with advantaged status in the labor market taking advantage of career opportunities. This paper takes issue with that conclusion. Although high incomes are associated with lower fertility in general, both in the cross section and over time (within and between countries), economic crises also lead to lower fertility. I offer a new descriptive analysis using data from the American Community Survey for 2000-2019. In the U.S. case, the fertility decline was widespread after the 2008 recession, but most concentrated among younger women. Although women with above average education have long had lower birth rates, the analysis shows that birth rates fell most for women in states with higher than average unemployment rates, especially among those with below average education. This is consistent with evidence that birth rates are falling, and births delayed, by economic insecurity and hardship.
Comparative analysis of respiratory health profile among female beedi and non-beedi workers in a district of West Bengal
Authors: Biswas Sujata , Bharti Nisha , Basu Gandhari
Published: July 2021

Background: Beedi workers are more prone to develop chronic respiratory diseases over time.
Aims and Objectives: The present research aimed to investigate and compare the respiratory health profile and the factors associated among the beedi workers and non-beedi workers.
Materials and Methods: An analytical, community based, cross sectional study was conducted among 60 female beedi and non-beedi workers. Multistage sampling was used to select three wards out of twenty wards under a municipality of the study district. After interview with a pre-designed structured questionnaire, the respondents were examined clinically and pulmonary function test was done using a portable spirometer.
Results: All beedi workers were married and 23.3% were illiterate. Most of them had 1to 10 years exposure. Half of them initiated their work between 11 to 20 years. Rate of tobacco smoking, obesity, hypertension, asthma, diabetes was high among beedi workers. Forced Vital Capacity, Forced Expiratory Flow 25-75 and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate were significantly more among non-beedi workers. Forced Expiratory Volume in 1st second was more among non-beedi workers but FEV1/FVC ratio was same for both the group.
Conclusion: Significantly better respiratory health profile of non-beedi workers have reflected beedi binding as a reason behind chronic respiratory disease. Therefore, awareness generation session regarding occupation based adverse effects and safety measures must be conducted at regular interval to make the working condition favorable.
Online teaching during COVID19 pandemic in different medical Institutions of West Bengal- From student’s perspective
Authors: Saha Bhaskar , Halder Mrityunjoy , Mandal Mita , Das Subir Kumar
Published: July 2021

Background: Social distancing is important preventive strategy to prevent spreading of SARSCOV-2. The medical faculties are continuing the teaching-learning session using different online platform.
Aims and Objective: This online survey aims at exploring the different aspect of online teaching effects among medical students.
Materials and Methods: Forty-four validated questions in the Google survey form were distributed among the MBBS students of different medical colleges of West Bengal in this cross-sectional study, and analysed.
Results: The responses from 416 participants show that internet-based teaching has been adopted by 96.4% of colleges. Practical class and classes regarding clinical exposure are the two most neglected section of the MBBS curriculum during this pandemic. Total teaching hours per day also drastically reduced from mean of 5.56 h/ day in pre-pandemic time to 1.95 h/ day during this pandemic. Out of 69.7% of the participants who faced difficulty in following online classes, majority (56.25%) was due to technical problems including issues related to internet connectivity and software. Participants were of opinion that current session should be extended on an average of 3 months as the practical and clinical classes are way behind in syllabus completion. According to 72.35% of participants, online classes are less effective than the offline classes.
Conclusions: In nutshell, online teaching activities cannot replace the classical classroom teaching, though it is a cost-effective and viable method during this pandemic period.
Comparison of pattern of death during Pre-lockdown period and COVID 19 lockdown period in Central Kerala – An Autopsy Study
Authors: Babu Shilpa S , Raveendran Renju , KA Anwar
Published: July 2021

Background: The coronavirus pandemic is one of the deadliest pandemic in history. The authorities worldwide responded to this pandemic by implementing business closures, travel restrictions, lockdowns and quarantines.
Aims and Objectives: To determine the type of cases and compare the patterns of deaths which came for autopsy to Department of Forensic Medicine, Government Medical College, Kottayam during the Pre lockdown period in 2019 and COVID-19 Lockdown Period in 2020.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Kottayam. The study data was collected from postmortem reports of Department of Forensic Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Kottayam. Pre-lockdown period was taken as from 21 March to 31 May 2019.There were total 424 cases in 2019,whereas in the Lockdown period taken as from 21 March 2020 to31 May 2020,no: of cases reduced to 270. All these cases were grouped according to cause of death, manner of death and modalities of natural and unnatural deaths. Details of cases were entered utilizing a proforma.
Results: There were total 424 cases in the pre-lockdown period in the year 2019, whereas in the lockdown period in 2020, number of cases declined to 270. Among the manner of deaths, accidents accounted for most of the deaths in the year 2019, i.e. 44.6% deaths due to accidents, whereas in the year 2020, deaths due to natural diseases topped the list, 46.3%. These differences in the manner of deaths were found statisticallysignificant.
Conclusion: Two months into lockdown, statistically significant differences were noted in patterns of deaths. Further study should be conducted in the near future, when more data will become available. Providing early warning in patterns of mortality within the community could prove to be an invaluable public health asset.
A study of clinical and Immunofluorescence spectrum of Immunobullous diseases
Authors: Pokharel Nitesh R. , Pant Anil Dev , Rao Raghavendra , Koirala Surakchya
Published: July 2021

Background: Immunobullous disorders are a group of disorders involving the formation of a fluid filled cavity within or beneath the epidermis, due to the presence of autoantibodies against adhesion molecules in epidermis and dermis. Accurate diagnosis of these disorders requires clinicopathological correlation along with immunofluorescence study.
Aims and Objectives: This study was undertaken to describe the clinical features of immunobullous disorders and to analyse the utility of Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) in the diagnosis of these disorders.
Materials and Methods: A total of 42 Patients attending skin OPD between February 2014 and March 2017 who had a provisional diagnosis of immunobullous disease were enrolled in the study. Detailed clinical examination and DIF study were done in all cases.
Results: Out of 42 cases studied, 31 were diagnosed as pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and 11 as bullous pemphigoid (BP) that was confirmed by DIF. There were 20 (46.61%) male patients and 22 (52.38%) female patients in the age group of 18 to 81 years with a mean age of 52.64 years. A slightly female preponderance was observed. Mean age of presentation of PV patients is 50.83 years with age group range was between 18 to 77 years. Majority of patients presented at 4th and 5th decade of life. Age group range for BP was between 34 to 81years with mean age of presentation being 57.72 years. Majority of our patients presented at 5th decade or later. DIF was positive in all 42 cases (100%) of immunobullous disease. DIF in all 31 cases of PV showed 100% IgG deposition in intercellular substance (ICS) and 64.51% C3 deposition in ICS. BP showed 100% C3 deposition in all 11 cases, 63.63% IgG in seven of the eleven,18.18% IgA in two and 9% IgM, fibin in one each as a linear band at basement membrane zone (BMZ).
Conclusion: Both the clinical findings and the Imunofluorescence features are important in arriving at a definite diagnosis in immunobullous diseases. In all the cases DIF was absolutely essential tool to come to a final diagnosis.
Unraveling the Etiology of Periodontitis
Authors:   Nanoformulation    Research    lab, Department     of     Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education    &    Research,    Jamia Hamdard,     New     Delhi-110062, India, Iqbal Dr. Zeenat , Mirza Mohd.   Aamir
Published: July 2021

Across the globe, incidence of oral afflictions like gingivitis and periodontitis are increasing at a very fast pace. Evidencearethere to support the fact that despite of being an oro-dental infection, periodontitis is associated with the systemic diseases too. Different ecological niches of oral cavity can harbor both pathogenic and non-pathogenic micro-organisms. Although the main cause of the disease is the anaerobic or the facultative anaerobic bacteria, other factors such as poor personal hygiene, diet and immune related disorders are also responsible for the progression of the disease. The vicious circle starts from deposition of the bacterial plaque/biofilm on the tooth surface then leading to gingivitis. If left untreated, it progresses to the development of periodontal pockets and ultimately tooth loss. However traditional treatment modalities like high dose of systemic antibiotics are available but antimicrobial resistance and virulence of the periodontal pathogens is the major cause of the treatment failures. This review primarily focuses on the etiology, pathogenesis and microbiology of the periodontitis. It also discusses the virulence and antimicrobial resistance factors of the periodontopathic micro-organisms. It is an attempt to develop the thorough understanding of the disease so that better therapeutic outcomes of periodonto-therapy can be attained.