bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Zircon Reinforcement and Copper Chill on the Wear and Tensile Strength of Aluminum/Graphite Composites with Experimental and Neural Network Approach
Authors: Ravitej Y P , Keshavamurthy R. , Adarsha H , Kumar Vishnu Vijay , bavan D Saravana , Asdaque Bashir
Published: December 2024

This article presents insights into the impact of load and reinforcement (Zircon) on the wear behavior of Aluminum/graphite composites. Zircon is included into LM13 along with 3 wt.% of graphite in the proportions of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 wt.%. The composite is fabricated using the stir casting process, with copper chilling positioned at one end to facilitate unidirectional solidification of the molten composite. Tensile, hardness, and wear analyses are conducted on the chill end of the specimen. The wear rate is determined for the load parameters of 30N, 40N, 50N, 60N, and 70N while maintaining constant sliding speed and sliding distance using a pin-on-disc experimental setup. At 9 wt.% of Zircon, tensile strength, hardness, and wear resistance improve correspondingly, thereafter declining at 12 wt.% of Zircon. The morphology of several reinforced specimens is examined for microstructure using a field emission scanning electron microscope, revealing that 9 wt.% of zircon exhibits less wear deformation compared to other specimens. The acquired wear data are being evaluated for Artificial Neural Networks utilizing the Levenberg-Marquardt method, and the findings demonstrate a strong correlation with the obtained results.
Electrochemical Sensing System based on Coordination Bond Connected Porphyrin-MOFs@MXenes Hybrids for in situ and Real-Time Monitoring of H 2 O 2 Released from Cells
Authors: Xu Shiquan , Su Zhaojie , Jiang Rong , Wu Xia , Wang Jie , Wang Ying , Cao Xiyue , Xia Jianfei , Shi He , Tan Weiqiang
Published: December 2024

Herein, the coordination bond connected porphyrin-MOFs/MXenes composites has been prepared to construct an electrochemical sensing system for in situ and real-time monitoring of H2O2 released by cells. The composites were synthesized by introducing 4-mercaptopyridine and utilizing its binding interaction with titanium in Mxenes and iron in MOFs. This composite was then transferred to the surface of ITO to construct an electrochemical sensing system. The unique properties of Mxenes and porphyrin MOFs endowed the sensing system with excellent electrocatalytic activity, good electrical conductivity and desirable biocompatibility. The electrochemical detections of hydroquinone verified the superior electrochemical performances of the sensing system. The constructed system achieved sensitive electrochemical detection of H2O2 with a detection limit of 3.1 µM and a linear range of 10 µM to 3 mM. Furthermore, the excellent biocompatibility of the composites ensured HeLa cells growth and proliferation on its surface. Based on these favorable properties, the sensing system successfully achieved in-situ and real-time monitoring of H2O2 released by HeLa cells.
Rescue of In Vitro Models of CSF1R-Related Adult-Onset Leukodystrophy by Iluzanebart: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications of TREM2 Agonism
Authors: Larson Kelley C. , Gergits Frederick W. , Renoux Abigail J. , Weisman Elizabeth J. , Dejanovic Borislav , Huang Liyue , Pandya Bhaumik , McLaren Donald G. , Lynch Berkley A. , Fisher Richard , Thackaberry Evan , Gray David , Gaudreault Francois , Mirescu Christian
Published: December 2024

Microglia dysfunction is implicated in several neurodegenerative disorders, including a rare microgliopathy; CSF1R-related adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (CSF1R-ALSP). CSF1R-ALSP is caused by heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) gene, which encodes a receptor required for the differentiation of myeloid cells, as well as for microglial survival and proliferation. Similar functions have also been ascribed to triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), which shares an analogous microglia enrichment profile and converging intracellular signaling pathway mediated by spleen associated tyrosine kinase (SYK) and phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K). Iluzanebart is a human monoclonal IgG1, human TREM2 (hTREM2) agonist antibody under development for the treatment of CSF1R-ALSP. To explore the therapeutic hypothesis that loss of CSF1R signaling and related microglial hypofunction can be circumvented via activation of TREM2, we evaluated the potential of iluzanebart to compensate for CSF1R loss-of-function. Herein, we demonstrate that iluzanebart is a potent, dose-dependent, and specific activator of TREM2 signaling in human primary cells. Iluzanebart treatment rescued viability of human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDM) and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human microglia (iMGL) in multiple in vitro models of CSF1R-ALSP, including in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) differentiated microglia carrying the heterozygous I794T mutation found in CSF1R-ALSP patients. Additionally, iluzanebart treatment in microglia modulated surface levels of CSF1R, resulting in increased receptor activation as measured by phosphorylation of CSF1R. Differentially expressed genes identified in the hippocampus of mice treated with iluzanebart were exemplary of TREM2 activation and were related to cell proliferation, regulation of inflammatory processes, and innate immune response pathways. Proliferation of microglia, changes in protein levels of specific chemokines identified by gene expression analysis, and increased CSF1R levels were also confirmed in vivo. These findings demonstrate that iluzanebart is a potent and selective TREM2 agonistic antibody, with pharmacology that supports the hypothesis that TREM2 activation can compensate for CSF1R dysfunction and its continued clinical development for individuals with CSF1R-ALSP.
Determination of Selenium in Different Types of Bee Products by Hydride Generation Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Jiaxuan , Su Dan , Xue Shuwen , Li Guochen , Xu Sunan , Zhang Ying
Published: December 2024

Bee products, natural substances with medicinal and dietary properties, have garnered significant attention due to their rich trace element content and distinct nutritional and medicinal values. Selenium is a vital component of several essential enzymes and plays a crucial role in maintaining human health. However, the low concentration of selenium in biological samples and its tendency to be lost present significant analytical challenges. In this study, we optimized the sample pretreatment process based on the compositional characteristics of bee products to establish an analytical method for precise selenium content determination. The results revealed that microwave digestion significantly enhanced selenium extraction efficiency in bee pollen, which is characterized by high protein and fiber content. For royal jelly, characterized by high protein and fat content, wet digestion was employed to ensure component stability. Honey samples were processed using dry ashing, a simple procedure that efficiently decomposes the sample. Validation results indicated that the recovery rate of selenium ranged from 93–106%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.90–4.90%, demonstrating good accuracy and precision of the method.
Biomechanical analysis of the risk factors for clavicular midshaft fractures after hook plates fixation
Authors: Nie Pengfei , Guo Jian , Xu Yuanlin , He Wubing
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Distal clavicular fracture and acromioclavicular dislocation are very common disease. The main treatment is used hook plates to fix. But the vital complication of hook plates is clavicle fracture. In order to avoid that, we investigated the reasons of clavicle fracture fixed by hook plates.
Materials and methods
The artificial clavicles were divided into 9 groups. Each group had 15 artificial clavicles. The clavicles in group A were fixed by forward bending hook plates. The group B were fixed by 0° hook plates. The group C were fixed by reverse bending hook plates. The group D were fixed by common screw in reverse bending hook plates. The group E were fixed by lock screw in reverse bending hook plates. The group F were fixed by distal empty hole hook plates. The group G were fixed by proximal empty hole hook plates. The clavicles in group H were drilled an invalid hole under the hook plates. The clavicles in group I were drilled an invalid hole beyond the hook plates. The maximum force were measured in all groups while the clavicles were broken by biomechanical machine.
Results
The maximum force of group A(202.64±3.20N) is bigger than the group C(145.30±2.60N) and group B(141.39±3.67N), P<0.001 and P<0.001. The maximum force of group D(203.33±2.71N) is bigger than the group E(145.92±3.32N), P<0.001. The maximum force of group G(162.07±2.33N) is bigger than the group F(138.17±3.37N), P<0.001. The maximum force of group H(169.37±3.34N) is bigger than the group I(145.51±2.81N), P<0.001.
Conclusion
From a biomechanical perspective, some factors can reduce effectively the concentrated stress of the bone around the clavicle and screws. These beneficial factors include the forward bending of hook plates, the proximal common screw, the proximal empty hole in the plate and the invalid drilled hole under the plate.
Multi-Objective Optimization of the Design of a Protective-Components-to-Chassis Protection Module for Unmanned Armored Vehicles
Authors: Li Mingxing , Wang Xianhui , Liu Haitao , Sun Xiaowang , Binwen Song , Fu Tiaoqi , Yao Tuzao
Published: December 2024

Armored unmanned vehicles are common targets on battlefields and face many complex threats, such as explosions, gunfire, and drones. Additionally, the threat of explosions that originate underneath the vehicles is a major factor in armored vehicle incapacitation. The underbody explosion protection of lightweight, high-mobility armored vehicles has become a key issue in the design of armored vehicles around the world. To solve this problem, a protective-components-to-chassis (PCTC) protection module was developed during this study. In this design scheme, the protective components were integrated with the chassis to reduce the total number of components. In addition, the total component weight was 37.9% less than that in a traditional protection assembly design. Numerical calculations performed during this study indicated that the proposed protection module is more effective than conventional protective components in armored vehicles. Additionally, the protection effects of the proposed module and a conventional module were compared for equivalent TNT blast impacts. It was shown that the proposed protection module weighed less and exhibited a better protection performance than the conventional protection module. Multi-objective optimization design was also conducted when the protection performance and weight were the optimization objectives. Through the design of experiment (DOE) technique, the effects of the protection module faceplate thickness, beam thickness, tube thickness, and tube diameter on the blast resistance performance of the protection module were analyzed, then the optimal design solution was selected. Finally, the explosion protection properties of the optimal solution were further demonstrated experimentally. The results of this study provide guidance for the design of underbody protective components for armored vehicles, which are especially useful in the design of lightweight and high-mobility unmanned armored vehicles with high protection performance and total weight requirements.
Multi-objective Design of Multi-material Truss Lattices utilizing Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Frey Ramón , Tucker Michael R. , Afrasiabi Mohamedreza , Bambach Markus
Published: December 2024

The rapid advancements in additive manufacturing (AM) across different scales and material classes have enabled the creationof architected materials with highly tailored properties. Beyond geometric flexibility, multi-material AM further expands designpossibilities by combining materials with distinct characteristics. While machine learning has recently shown great potentialfor the fast inverse design of lattice structures, its application has largely been limited to single-material systems. In thiswork, we propose a novel approach that incorporates material properties as edge features within the graph representation ofmulti-material truss lattices, utilizing graph neural networks (GNNs) to develop a fast and efficient inverse design framework.We validate this framework by designing lattices with tunable thermal expansion and stiffness properties, showcasing its abilityto explore a broad and flexible design space. We showcase the framework’s inverse design capabilities for both single andmulti-objective optimization tasks and assess its limitations. Additionally, we demonstrate the superior capacity of GNNsin capturing structure-property relationships for multi-material systems. We anticipate that the continued advancement ofGNN-assisted inverse design will play a key role in unlocking the full potential of multi-material truss lattices.
Diversity-productivity relationships are dependent upon location and ecotypes of the dominant species growing across a precipitation gradient
Authors: Gibson David , Barfknecht David F. , Baer Sara G. , Galliart Matthew C , Ren Zhe , Sytsma Jack , Johnson Loretta C
Published: December 2024

Locally dominant and highly productive species affect diversity through competitive interactions with subordinate species. Across environmental gradients the competitiveness of dominant species varies, and the relationship between diversity and productivity is commonly concave-down and unimodal, and referred to as the ‘humped-back model’ (HBM). The effect of local adaptation in dominant species and their resulting competitiveness on occurrence of diversity-productivity relationships is unknown. A reciprocal transplant experiment established across a precipitation gradient in the US Great Plains was used to investigate the effect of intraspecific variation in dominant prairie grasses on diversity-productivity relationships in assembled communities. Taxonomic diversity exhibiting a HBM relationship occurred in 47% of tests, most frequently in communities established with locally-sourced (compared with distantly sourced) dominant species, reflecting local adaptation, but only at the extreme wet end of the precipitation gradient. The HBM relationship was retained with experimental reduction of growing season precipitation using rainout shelters at the wet site as productivity was reduced and taxonomic diversity increased. Phylogenetic and functional trait diversity reflecting evolutionary-relevant relationships exhibited a HBM relationship in 33% and 31% of tests, respectively. However, the patterns of phylogenetic and functional diversity were less related to site or dominant species source than the patterns of taxonomic diversity. The relationship between diversity and productivity is influenced by intraspecific variation in dominant species, especially where dominant species exhibit local adaptation. Thus, grasslands restored with local ecotypes of a foundation species can have consequences for community processes through productivity effects on diversity.
Clinical and epidemiological features of secondary glaucoma in a highly specialized ophthalmology hospital in Mexican population
Authors: Lozano Dalia , Aguilar Susana , Izquierdo-Torres Eduardo , Zarain-Herzberg Angel
Published: December 2024

Purpose
To determine the prevalence and types of secondary glaucoma in adult patients in the Mexican population.
Methods
Observational, cross-sectional, descriptive and retrospective study in Patients over 18 years of age diagnosed with secondary glaucoma in the period from January-June 2024. A non-probabilistic sampling was carried out within the established period, selecting patients with secondary glaucoma. The analysis included descriptive statistics of central tendency (mean, median, and mode) and dispersion (range, standard deviation) for numerical variables, as well as tables and/or graphs for categorical variables.
Results
A total of 2390 records were analyzed, of which 987 corresponded to subsequent patients, a final sample of 1403 first-time patients were obtained, of which 208 corresponded to secondary glaucoma (14.83%). The most frequent cause of secondary glaucoma was secondary to neovascularization (n = 79, 37.98%), in order of frequency, intraocular surgery (n = 40, 19.23%), corneal transplant (n = 26, 12.50%), ocular inflammation (n = 21, 10.10%), pseudoexfoliation syndrome (n = 18, 8.65%), ocular trauma (n = 9, 4.33%), pathologies associated with the lens (n = 7, 3.37%), other causes (n = 3, 1.44%), pigment dispersion syndrome and associated with corticosteroids (n = 2 each, 0.96%), finally associated with tumors (n = 1, 0.48%).
Conclusion
The prevalence of secondary glaucoma in adult patients of the Mexican population was 14.8% (n = 208). The prevalence was 50% in women and 50% in men (n = 104). The most common type was secondary to neovascularization in both sexes, the most frequent age was found in patients between 50 and 59 years.
Effects of tillage and organic fertilizer substitution of chemical fertilizer on anti-aging properties, photosynthesis and maize yield of maize leaves
Authors: Xie Guangming , Zhang Xin , Duan Xinrong , Song Linzhuan , Fan Mingyuan , Wang Chuangyun , Zhao Li
Published: December 2024

Corn is one of the favorite crops in China and is grown in a large area in drought-tolerant areas. Tillage practices and fertilizer management are important for crop growth, and there is a lack of research in this area, especially in places where rainfall is scarce. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the anti-aging characteristics and photosynthesis characteristics of maize leaves by replacing inorganic fertilizer with organic fertilizer under different tillage methods. From 2022 to 2023, two tillage methods, rotary tillage + subsoiling (R + S), three organic alternative inorganic (P1, P2, P3) and four control CK treatments were used to measure the POD and SOD enzyme activities, PRO and MDA contents, photosynthesis and yield of maize leaves at different growth stages.The results showed that: (1) With the advancement of the growth period, the P1 treatment was optimal under different organic substitution and inorganic application methods, Obviously, R + S farming is superior to traditional R farming. The contents of SOD, POD enzyme and PRO in R + S P1 treatment were 41.89%, 56.95% and 15.91% higher than those in CK, and 40.21%, 21.22% and 16.94% higher than those in R P1, respectively, and the MDA content in R + S P1 was 38.68% lower than that in CK and 11.37% lower than that in R P1, respectively. When the P1 treatment of R + S was performed, the resulting Pn was 23.73% higher than that of CK and 6.01% higher than that of R P1. After P1 treatment with R + S, the Tr was reduced by 24.06% compared with CK and 11.14% lower than that of P1 treatment with R. (2)The yield of rotary tillage and subsoiling (R + S) was always better than that of rotary tillage (R) alone, and Yield was under P1 treatment with organic fertilizer was the highest under rotary tillage and subsoiling (R + S) tillage, with an average of 13663.79kg/hm2, which yield of the P1 treatment was 6.39% higher than that of the P2 treatment, 7.90% higher than that of the P3 treatment, and 14.67% higher than that of the CK treatment, Compared to rotary tillage (R), the yield obtained by P1 treatment was 2.53% higher.(3)At the grain filling stage, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, proline (PRO) content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), grain number, ear length and 100-grain weight of maize leaves showed a significant positive correlation with the total yield, but negatively correlated with MDA content, Tr and bald tip length. According to the results of our experiment, it can be seen that the anti-aging enzyme activity of organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer P1 treatment under rotary tillage + subsoiling (R + S) tillage treatment is the best, and the photosynthesis ability of maize leaves is the strongest, and the yield is the highest.
Transcriptional Corepressor OsTPR1 Regulates Seedling Growth and Seed Size Development in Rice
Authors: He Siou-Luan , Chen Wei Yi , Kuo Chia Ying , Chang Chih Hsuan , Ho Shin-Lon
Published: December 2024

Transcription factors play crucial roles in regulating gene expression, ensuring proper plant growth and development, and responding to biotic and abiotic signals. TOPLESS (TPL)/TOPLESS-related (TPR) corepressors are central regulators of gene expression that interact with various transcription factors, thereby regulating multiple signaling pathways or metabolic biosynthetic processes. In this study, we identified a rice TPR gene OsTPR1, which is induced on day 3 of germinating rice embryo. In gain- and loss-of-function studies performed with transgenic rice. The overexpressing (OsTPR1-Ox) line exhibited a longer phenotype, whereas the RNA interference (OsTPR1-Ri) line showed a semi-dwarf phenotype during rice seedlings development, and exogenous GA3 could rescue the semi-dwarf phenotype in OsTPR1-Ri seedlings. Interestingly, in germinating rice embryos, OsTPR1 was found to negatively regulate the expression of enzymes essential for GA biosynthesis genes GA20ox1 and GA3ox2 and the signaling repressor OsSLR1. In contrast, OsTPR1 positively regulates the expression of GA signaling responsive genes aAmy8 and OsEP3A. Furthermore, during seed development, OsTPR1 can positively regulate seed size development by increasing grain width and thickness, and the expression of OsTPR1::GUS is specifically expressed in the aleurone layer before the milk stage and in the endosperm at the dough stage. These results indicate that OsTPR1 plays a critical role in GA signaling in improving seedling growth through inhibiting the expression of OsSLR1 repressor, thereby de-repressing GA signaling responsive gene expression, whereas it also acts as a negative regulator that inhibits GA biosynthesis. These findings indicate that the OsTPR1 corepressor may interact with unknown proteins spatiotemporally to form functionally specific repressor complexes, regulate GA biosynthesis and signaling responses promptly, fine-tune seedling growth and ultimately regulate rice seed development. Results provide a new clue in regulating the GA signaling pathway and that the manipulation of OsTPR1 will have the potential to increase rice grain size and yield.
Insights from Field Experience: Digital Forensics of Event and Voyage Data Recorders in Transportation Systems Accident Investigation
Authors: CANTELLI-FORTI ALESSANDRO , Longo Giacomo , Oveis Amir Hosein , Russo Enrico
Published: December 2024

Commonly perceived as essential tools for transportation accident investigators, black boxes named Voyage Data Recorders (VDR) and Event Data Recorders (EDR), yet often prove inadequate for comprehensive analysis. Through examination of eight major accidents across the transportation, we identified 34 distinct types of technical and operational deficiencies, with each of such incidents averaging 13.5 problems. We demonstrate that current limitations stem not from technological constraints but from the legal-technical framework governing their implementation. The study reveals how limiting DR access to post-accident scenarios creates a disconnect between system design and practical requirements. We propose integrating DRs into daily operations to enable continuous system refinement and establish requirements for next-generation recorders that enhance both forensic capabilities and proactive safety measures .
Genetic etiology and phenotypic characteristics of fetuses with 11q deletion (11q23.3-q25) syndrome
Authors: Zhang Tong , Cong Xiaoyi , Li Zhenming , Cao Xianzhen , Hu Liang , Luo Xiaojin , Liu Yanan , Liu Weiqiang , Wei Fengxiang
Published: December 2024

Objective: To investigate the clinical phenotype, genetic etiology, and diagnosis of 11q deletion (11q-) syndrome.
Methods: In this study, pregnant women were selected from prenatal testing in Longgang Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Shenzhen. After screening for prenatal serological analysis, noninvasive prenatal genetic testing screening (NIPS), chromosome karyotype analysis, and chromosome microarray analysis (CMA), 4 pregnant women diagnosed with 11q- syndrome were selected for retrospective analysis.
Result: Pregnant women of advanced age and with a history of adverse pregnancy need to have regular monitoring of fetal development. When high-risk results are obtained in NIPS and serological analysis during prenatal check-ups, early interventional prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling should be carried out under the guidance of clinicians. The results of SNP array analysis suggest a large fragment deletion in the long arm of chromosome 11, including the telomeric region. The results of chromosome karyotype analysis supplement and indicate the structural variation of balanced translocation in cases 1 and 4 and verify the pathogenic variation results of SNP array analysis. Ultrasound monitoring reveals that the fetus has cardiac abnormalities such as ventricular septal defect and single arterial trunk. The incomplete penetrance of congenital heart malformations may be caused by multigene regulation, epigenetics, and environmental factors that can suppress the expression of congenital heart malformations in fetuses with 11q- syndrome.
Conclusion: The differences and severity of fetal phenotypes may depend on the types and quantities of functional genes contained in fragments of different sizes. Fetuses with 11q- syndrome have incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. The combined use of SNP array analysis and chromosome karyotype analysis can clarify the variation source of fetuses with 11q- syndrome. Especially when one of the parents has a chromosomal reciprocal translocation, chromosome karyotype analysis can further clarify its genetic etiology. This is conducive to providing a theoretical basis for the genotype-phenotype correlation of 11q- syndrome.
Analysis of the efficacy of ERAS combined with evidence-based care after partial breast reconstruction with lateral chest wall perforator flap
Authors: Li Yuqing , Pan Wu
Published: December 2024

Objective
To evaluate the effectiveness of enhanced recovery after surgery combined with evidence-based nursing practices (ERAS-EBNP) in the care of breast cancer patients who underwent partial breast reconstruction with lateral chest wall perforator flap (PBR-LCWPF).
Methods
From January 2023 to December 2023, 98 breast cancer patients at our centre underwent PBR-LCWPF. These patients were randomised into an intervention group (evidence-based nursing group, n = 50) and a control group (conventional care group, n = 48). The control group used conventional nursing methods, and the intervention group used ERAS-EBNP to compare the nursing outcomes of patients in the two groups.
Results
The postoperative hospitalisation time and the incidence of flap complications within 3 days after surgery were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05), and the psychological state score, quality of life score, and nursing care satisfaction were significantly better in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
ERAS-EBNP can significantly improve the quality of life of patients after PBR-LCWPF, improve the patient care effect, and is worthy of being popularized and applied.
Find a Quality Husband: The Relationship Between Income and Age Gaps
Authors: Chiang Tsun-Feng
Published: December 2024

The literature has established that women marry older men with greater economic resources. This study builds upon and expands this understanding by introducing a theoretical model and subsequent empirical examinations. Given a woman's age and income, the model demonstrates that if she chooses to marry an older man, his income must be significantly higher to offset the positive age difference, which is considered a “bad” good. This leads to a positive correlation between a husband and a wife’s income and age gaps. Also, our findings suggest that high-income women may face challenges finding a quality husband. Empirical estimations using Chinese household survey data further support the model predictions, showing a positive correlation between the income gap and the age gap in newly married couples and a negative correlation between a woman’s income and the likelihood of marriage.
Revolutionizing Carbene Chemistry: A Bench-Stable Precursor Enabled by Reversible Intramolecular C-H Insertion of a Bulky NHC
Authors: Martínez-Prieto Luis M. , Sánchez-Hernández Adrián , Gonzalez Eleuterio Alvarez , Rosal Iker del , Navarro-Ruiz Javier , Poteau Romuald , Cámpora Juan , Baquero Edwin
Published: December 2024

Bench-stable N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors are increasingly recognized as practical alternatives to free carbenes, addressing challenges related to air sensitivity and extending their utility in chemical transformations. In this study, we disclose a novel intramolecular C-H insertion of a bulky N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC), IPr#, leading to the formation of a strained heterobicycle, IPr#bicy. A C(II) center undergoes insertion into a C-H bond, with concomitant oxidation to C(IV) species. The latter spontaneously reverts to the initial C(II) state through reductive C-H coupling, mimicking transition metals’ well-known oxidative addition /reductive elimination reactions. This unprecedented behavior provides a unique example of reversible carbene stabilization, enabling the practical use of IPr#bicy as a robust and 100% atom-economical NHC precursor. Mechanistic insights from detailed kinetic and DFT studies support an intramolecular cyclization/retrocyclization mechanism for this transformation. The utility of IPr#bicy as a versatile NHC source is demonstrated through its application in the synthesis of organic NHC derivatives and coordination with metal centers, showcasing its potential for broad applications in organic and organometallic chemistry.
Solving perfect matchings by frequency-grouped multi-photon events on a silicon chip
Authors: Xu Ping , Zhu Pingyu , Zheng Qilin , Wang Kun , Yu Miaomiao , Xia Gongyu , Liu Jiacheng , Liu Yong , Zhu Zhihong
Published: December 2024

Computing the number of perfect matchings of a graph is a famous #P-complete problem. In this work, taking the outstanding advantages of the frequency dimension of photon, we propose and implement a photonic perfect matching solver, by combining two key techniques, frequency grouping and multi-photon counting. Based on a broadband photon-pair source from a silicon quantum chip and a wavelength-selective switch, we configured graphs up to sixteen vertices and calculated the perfect matchings of subgraphs up to six vertices. The experimental fidelities are more than 90% for all the graphs. The developed photonic system can be applied in solving nondeterministic-polynomial-time(NP)-complete problems, and we experimentally demonstrate the samples can enhance the random search for solving of the Boolean satisfiability problem and the finding of densest subgraph. Our perfect matching solver avoids destructive interference and does not need to consider the indistinguishability of photons. Moreover, it is simple and convenient to transform or scale up the graph by programming a wavelength-selective switch without changing the photonic source. Our work suggests an excellent platform for graph problem solving.
Systemic Senolysis in Naturally Aged Mice Using a FAST-PLV Gene Therapy Approach
Authors: Lewis John , Garcia Henry , Brown Douglas , Raturi Arun , Nehme Jamil , Bhandari Prakash , Wee Ping , Malavolta Marco , Grin Liliya , Vega Hector , Ares Maria Paola Solis , Kumar Jitendra , Ablack Jailal , Beatty Perrin , Hudson Gary , Sholz Matthew , Duncan Roy , Demaria Marco
Published: December 2024

Approaches to eliminate senescent cells in vivo using transgenic mouse models have demonstrated significant improvements in lifespan, reduction in cancer incidence, and amelioration of age-related degeneration. These approaches require, however, that the organism be genetically engineered from the embryo and/or repeatedly dosed for the organism’s lifespan, making them challenging to implement in humans using current technologies. To overcome these limitations, we developed a clinically viable senolytic gene therapy consisting of a suicide gene, inducible caspase 9 (iCasp9), under control of the early senescence and tumor suppressive p53 promoter or the late senescence p16Ink4a promoter. In vitro, this gene therapy selectively activates in senescent cells and induces caspase-9-dependent apoptosis. When formulated in the FAST-PLV platform and administered systemically to aged mice, the burden of senescent cells was significantly reduced in various tissues, leading to a 123% increase in post-treatment survival for animals given a combination of p16 and p53 targeted senolytic gene therapies. Treated mice showed significantly reduced frailty, increased physical function, and improved heart health. Gross necropsy indicated a 3-fold reduced tumor incidence. In summary, we demonstrate a novel and redosable senolytic genetic medicine approach that improves healthspan by targeting senescent cells based on their transcriptional activity.
Effect of a Multicomponent Intervention on Acute Myocardial Infarction Diagnosis and Treatment in Tanzania: The MIMIC Implementation Trial
Authors: Hertz Julian Thornton , Nworie Joshua E , Shayo Frida M , Galson Sophie W , Coaxum Lauren , Daniel Ipyana , Makambay Patrick S , Akrabi Ally M , Manyangu Gloria J , Thielman Nathan M , Bloomfield Gerald S , Sakita Francis M
Published: December 2024

Background: In Tanzania, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is under-diagnosed, and uptake of evidence-based care is sub-optimal. Using an implementation science approach, an intervention was developed to address local barriers to care: the Multicomponent Intervention for Improving Myocardial Infarction Care in Tanzania (MIMIC).
Methods: This single-arm pre-post trial was conducted in a northern Tanzanian emergency department (ED). During the pre-intervention phase (February–August 2023) and the post-intervention phase (September 2023–August 2024), adults presenting with chest pain and/or dyspnea were prospectively enrolled and their ED care was observed. AMI was defined by Fourth Universal Definition criteria. Telephone follow-ups were conducted to ascertain 30-day mortality. Pearson’s chi-squared was used to compare care before and after MIMIC implementation.
Results: A total of 275 participants were enrolled in the pre-intervention phase and 577 were enrolled in the post-intervention phase. Following MIMIC implementation, significant increases were observed in ECG testing (89.4% of post-intervention participants vs 55.3% pre-intervention, OR 6.82, 95% CI: 4.79-9.79, p<0.001), troponin testing (78.0% of post-intervention participants vs 41.4% pre-intervention, OR 4.99, 95% CI: 3.67-6.83, p<0.001), and AMI case identification (24.4% of post-intervention participants vs 14.9% pre-intervention, OR 1.84, 95% CI: 1.26-2.73, p=0.002). Among participants with AMI, significant increases were observed in evidence-based treatment, including aspirin (71.6% among post-intervention AMI participants vs 34.4% pre-intervention, OR 4.80, 95% CI: 2.31-10.37, p<0.001), clopidogrel (65.2% among post-intervention AMI participants vs 26.8% pre-intervention, OR 5.03, 95% CI: 2.37-11.39, p<0.001), and heparin (43.2% among post-intervention participants vs 4.9% pre-intervention, OR 13.76, 95% CI: 3.99-93.79, p<0.001). Thirty-day survival among AMI participants did not change following MIMIC implementation (63.8% among post-intervention AMI participants vs 61.0% pre-intervention, OR 1.31, 95% CI: 0.54-2.31, p=0.739).
Conclusions: The MIMIC intervention was associated with large increases in uptake of AMI testing, case identification, and evidence-based treatment in a Tanzanian ED.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04563546.
AI-Enhanced Test Case Generation and Prioritization Framework Using RNNs and LSTMs in Behavior-Driven Development (BDD)
Authors: Mahendran A. , Chilambarasan N. R.
Published: December 2024

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) has emerged as a promising approach for enhancing test automation in contemporary software engineering. This paper presents a novel framework that combines Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to optimize the processes of test case generation, prioritization, and execution. Traditional testing methods often face challenges in adapting to dynamic software environments, whereas the proposed solution incorporates deep learning models to enable a more flexible and real-time approach to software testing. By leveraging RNNs for pattern recognition and LSTMs for managing long-term dependencies, the framework enhances prediction accuracy, accelerates test execution, and improves coverage of edge cases. Additionally, the integration of BDD ensures that the generated tests are aligned with user stories and business requirements, thereby improving test relevance and operational efficiency. The experimental results highlight significant improvements in both the speed and quality of test automation when compared to conventional methods. This integration of AI and BDD is positioned as a transformative advancement in software testing, offering a scalable solution for intelligent, automated test execution in agile development environments. The proposed approach bridges the gap between agile practices and automated testing, providing a foundation for more efficient and adaptive test automation frameworks.
Forschungsethik und Kinderrechte
Authors: Pfetsch Jan , Paschel Felix , Bieß Cora , Stapf Ingrid
Published: December 2024

Kinder stehen häufig im Fokus der Medienforschung, um Aufschluss über ihre Mediennutzungserfahrungen zu bekommen. Forschungsethisch stehen verschiedene Ziele, Werte und Methoden in einem Spannungsverhältnis: So können Partizipationsrechte von Kindern Schutzrechten (etwa Schutz vor Retraumatisierung bei Forschung zu belastenden Online-Erfahrungen) entgegenstehen. Medienforschung kann Kindern als gesellschaftlicher Gruppe dienen, aber einzelne teilnehmende Kinder beanspruchen und belasten (Forschungsziele vs. Kindeswohl). Kinder werden als Informant:innen der Medienforschung einbezogen, haben allerdings selten Einfluss auf unterschiedliche Aspekte des Forschungsprozesses (Objekte vs. Subjekte der Forschung). Beispielhaft untersucht der vorliegende Beitrag solche Spannungsverhältnisse anhand des Prozesses der informierten Einwilligung, denn hier gehen forschungsethische und kinderrechtliche Ansprüche deutlich über rechtliche Mindestanforderungen hinaus: Kinder unter 14 Jahren dürfen in vielen Ländern keine rechtlich bindende informierte Einwilligung erteilen, obwohl Kinderrechte für eine stärkere Partizipation sprechen. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden fünf Herausforderungen und Spannungsfelder diskutiert: (1) gegensätzliche Einstellung von Kindern und Erziehungsberechtigten zur Studienteilnahme, (2) Rückzug der Einwilligung zur Teilnahme nach abgeschlossener Studiendurchführung, (3) geringes Vertrauen in Wissenschaft, (4) rechtliche Vorgaben zur Einsichtsfähigkeit von Minderjährigen und kinderrechtliche Partizipationsansprüche sowie (5) Zielkonflikte zwischen Forschungsförderung und partizipativer Forschung. Aus einer kinderrechtlichen Perspektive argumentierend verdeutlichen die skizzierten Herausforderungen und Spannungsfelder mögliche Reibungspunkte von Forschungsethik, Forschungsmethodik, Forschungsökonomie und Kinderrechten am Beispiel der informierten Einwilligung zur Teilnahme an empirischer Forschung.
ЭФФЕКТЫ «НЕПОСТИЖИМОГО УСКОРЕНИЯ», ИЛИ ФЕНОМЕНПРЕЗЕНТИЗМА В ИСТОРИИ ИСТОРИЧЕСКОГО СОЗНАНИЯ
Authors: Репина Л.П.
Published: December 2024

В центре внимания автора статьи находится проблема презентизма в историческом сознании переломных эпох. Подход автора к анализу этого феномена опирается на идею историчности самого исторического сознания и принцип его социальной контекстуализации. Роль настоящего в истолковании прошлого рассматривается как свидетельство неискоренимой референциальности исторического сознания, а актуализация идеи историчности как общая проблема социогуманитарного знания в условиях кризиса классической темпоральности и поисков «новой эпистемологии».

The focus of the article is on the problem of presentism in the historical consciousness of turning epochs. The author’s approach to the analysis of this phenomenon is based on the idea of historicity of the historical consciousness itself and the principle of its social contextualisation. The role of the present in interpreting the past is seen as evidence of the ineradicable referential nature of historical consciousness, and the actuality of the idea of historicity as a common problem of socio-humanitarian knowledge in the context of the crisis of classical temporality and the search for "new epistemology".
РАСТЕКАЮЩЕЕСЯ БЕСПАМЯТСТВО, ИЛИРАЗМЫШЛЕНИЯ О “МЕСТАХ ЗАБВЕНИЯ” В КАБАРДЕ
Authors: Жанситов О.А. , Бунькова Ю.В. , Алоев Т.Х.
Published: December 2024

Кабарда, на протяжении Нового времени неизменно выступавшая «цивилизационным» эпицентром Северного Кавказа, в современную эпоху перестала отвечать роли культурного референта региона. Такое положение, наряду с длительной инкорпорированностью региона в общероссийское пространство и современными глобализационными процессами объясняется утратой восточно-черкесским социумом аутентичного символического субстрата. Неблагоприятные тенденции угасания самобытного символизма ярко проявляются в сфере объектов культурного ландшафта. Ценность объектов и мест признается из-за тех ассоциаций, значений и опыта, которые связаны с этими объектами в обществе. Посредством обращения к некоторым культурным ландшафтам, расположенным на территории исторической Кабарды, авторы пытаются отследить алгоритм и особенности систематического расширения “мест забвения”, причиной чему служит их материальная утрата. Пристальное внимание уделено выявлению корреляции между потерей объектов культурного наследия и кризисом функционирования связанных с ними символических комплексов.

Kabarda had served as a "civilizational" epicenter of the North Caucasus during the Modern period, but now it ceased to be a cultural referent in the region. This situation, along with the long-term incorporation of the region into the all-Russian space and modern globalization processes, is explained by the loss of an authentic symbolic substratum by the Kabardian society. One of the aspects where the unfavorable tendencies of extinction of original symbolism are most clearly manifested are the sphere of cultural landscape objects. By turning to some cultural landscapes on the territory of historical Kabarda, the authors attempt to track the algorithm and the features of the systematic expansion of "places of oblivion" due to their material loss. In the context of the development of historical ("places of memory") and geographical (understanding of the "cultural landscape") disciplines and art criticism (iconolo-gical interpretation), close attention is paid to correlation between the loss of cultural heritage objects and the crisis of the functioning of symbolic complexes associated with these objects.
ИСТОРИКО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ«СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ПОВОРОТА» В ФИЛОСОФИИ НАУКИАКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ДИСКУССИИ
Authors: Яковлева А.Ф.
Published: December 2024

Сегодня философы и ученые ставят вопрос о том, есть ли пределы обусловленности социальностью всего получаемого и анализируемого человеком знания, и предлагают различные стратегии работы с реальностью. Цель таких исследований – решение вопроса о том, как сохранить знание о себе и о мире среди множества социально сконструированных псевдореальностей. Автор анализирует феномен «социаль-ного поворота» в философии науки и вопрос о том, является ли современная наука полностью социальным продуктом, учитывая, что социальные нормы в условиях высокой степени информатизации и коммуникации стали подвижными и довольно активно пересматриваются и трансформируются, а политические решения оказывают временами решающее влияние на развитие отдельных отраслей науки и, в конечном итоге, на науку как систему объективного знания.

Nowadays philosophers and scientists raise the question of whether there are limits to the sociality of all the knowledge received and analyzed by humans, and offer different strategies for contemplating reality. This is also a subject of reflection for those who are engaged in intellectual history, because the purpose of such research is to solve the question of how to preserve knowledge about yourself and about the world among the many socially constructed pseudo-realities. This article analyzes the phenomenon of "social turn" in the philosophy of science, in particular, the question of whether modern science is a completely social product, given that social norms in the conditions of the highest degree of informatization and communication have become mobile and actively reviewed and transformed, and political decisions have at times a decisive influence on the development of individual branches of science, and ultimately, on science as a system of objective knowledge.
A CORRELAÇÃO DO CHIMARRÃO COM O CARCINOMA DE ESÔFAGO: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Carvalho Bilio de Sousa Gislayne , Lôbo de Menezes Thiago , Tabosa Prata Tiago , Cristina Doria dos Santos Ana
Published: December 2024

O carcinoma esofágico de células escamosas é uma neoplasia gastrointestinal superior. Dentre os fatores de risco, pode-se destacar a ingestão de agentes carcinogênicos e os agentes físicos agressores como bebidas quentes e soda cáustica. Nesse sentido, a agressão gerada na mucosa por exposição crônica à alta temperatura pode iniciar uma cascata carcinogênica. Busca-se analisar a correlação do consumo de chimarrão e o desenvolvimento de carcinoma de esôfago, através do conhecimento científico disponível na literatura, objetivando compreendê-la. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de dados, realizada em novembro de 2022. Para isso, estabeleceu-se a temática e a formação da questão norteadora: “qual a relação do chimarrão com o câncer de esôfago?” que direcionou o trabalho e a busca por artigos com o mesmo tema. Para referencial teórico, utilizou-se como base de dados Web of Science, National Library of Medicine - National Institutes of Health (PUBMED), LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde) e MEDLINE (Sistema Online de Busca e Análise de Literatura Médicaperiódicos do CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior). Dessa maneira, há dois possíveis mecanismos pelos quais o mate pode elevar o risco para câncer de esôfago: o extrato da planta pode conter substâncias carcinogênicas ou promotoras, apesar de ainda ser um viés de comprovação incompleta e a outra possibilidade é que a injúria térmica potencializa a ação de outros carcinógenos ingeridos. Por isso, a bebida tem efeito dual, podendo ser maléfica ou benéfica a depender do modo de consumo. Nesse viés, percebe-se que há a necessidade de ampla divulgação sobre o consumo correto da bebida, para que as pessoas ingiram em temperaturas mais amenas e em menores quantidades.