bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Of Other Spaces and Others' Memories: Reading Graveyards in Arundhati Roy's The Ministry of Utmost Happiness and Regina Scheer's Machandel
Authors: Essa Leila
Published: October 2021

This article probes the relationship between spatial belonging and memorialization in Arundhati Roy's The Ministry of Utmost Happiness (2017) and Regina Scheer's Machandel (2014), examining how the focus on graveyards in both novels ties in with their equally shared emphasis on social outsiders forming communities in (formerly) partitioned nations. It reassesses Michel Foucault's idea of heterotopias—exceptional spaces that reflect back on the rest of society—and shows how both texts position the perpetually shifting nature of such “other spaces” in contrast to the fixed and exclusionary notions of belonging that buttress contemporary right-wing nationalist discourses in India and Germany alike. Scrutinizing the memorializing function of the depicted graveyards in light of Michael Rothberg's concept of multidirectional memory, the article then demonstrates how Ministry and Machandel connect differently marginalized groups' histories and propose present-day solidarity between them. Reading heterotopia through multidirectionality and vice versa, this analysis showcases how Foucault's and Rothberg's respective concerns with discourse-destabilizing spaces and despatialized memory discourses productively complicate and complement each other. It is through the interplay of alternative material spaces and connective approaches to memory that Roy's and Scheer's novel develop visions of community centering on those otherwise marginalized.
Fear and Desiring in the Age of Paranoia
Authors: Guilmette Lauren
Published: October 2021

This article develops the ongoing relevance of the late feminist theorist Teresa Brennan's thinking about affect in her posthumous book, The Transmission of Affect (2004). Guilmette introduces the value of an image-text format, inspired by a multimedia example from Brennan's unpublished papers. Experimenting with images as well as words, Guilmette explores Brennan's conceptual distinction between affect and feeling through its recent uptake by decolonial feminist and queer readers, as a turn from the Western emphasis on individual agency to consider instead the responsibility that follows from what is absorbed into our bodies and psyches, and how we discern, work through and, when needed, resist these energetic transfers.
Seeking Balance: Material and Meaning in a Polychrome Guanyin
Authors: Tom Cybele , Granzotto Clara , Sutherland Ken
Published: October 2021

This essay explores the theoretical and practical issues involved in the conservation of a medieval Chinese sculpture of a bodhisattva.
A CÉLULA NO ENSINO DE BIOLOGIA: PAPEL DO LIVRO DIDÁTICO E CONCEPÇÕES DE ENSINO
Authors: Karas Mariane Beatriz , Do Espirito Santo Hermel Erica
Published: October 2021

A célula é a menor unidade estrutural e funcional dos diferentes organismos vivos, sendo capaz de existir de maneira independente. Todos os seres vivos são formados por uma ou várias células que são extremamente pequenas; desta forma, só é possível analisar, compreender e estudar com o auxílio de um microscópio. Os livros didáticos são uma das ferramentas mais utilizadas nas escolas, tanto pelos alunos quanto pelos professores. O conteúdo de biologia celular é apresentado de maneira detalhada e ricamente ilustrada nos livros didáticos; assim, torna-se imprescindível conhecer o que as pesquisas recentes apontam sobre o estudo da biologia celular mediado pelo livro didático. Para isso, a presente pesquisa de caráter bibliográfico-documental analisou as concepções de ensino de biologia celular e o papel atribuído ao livro didático em oito dissertações e três teses. Sobre as concepções de ensino houve predominância da concepção emancipatória, seguida da prática. Não houve indícios da concepção técnica. Os resultados apontam para uma tendência de ensino pautada na interação entre os sujeitos mediada por processos reflexivos. Com relação ao papel atribuído ao livro didático, foi possível identificar que os trabalhos expressam que ele tem função referencial e instrumental, ou seja, o papel do livro didático é pôr em prática métodos de aprendizagem com atividades e exercícios, sendo ele um fiel tradutor do programa curricular.
A UTILIZAÇÃO DE ORGANIZADORES PRÉVIOS PARA O ENSINO DE ESTEQUIOMETRIA: UMA PROPOSTA DE UNIDADE DE ENSINO POTENCIALMENTE SIGNIFICATIVA
Authors: Haupt Franciele Tatiana , Trajano Raupp Daniele , Lavayen Vladimir
Published: October 2021

Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta didática para o ensino de estequiometria com base na teoria da aprendizagem significativa e organizada no formato de uma unidade de ensino potencialmente significativa. O formato da sequência de aulas visa a promover um aprendizado de qualidade, que difere do aprendizado mecânico, tendo em conta que o conhecimento prévio dos alunos influencia fortemente a aprendizagem. Situações e problemas que envolvem o relacionamento com ingredientes e receitas culinárias são utilizados aqui para agregar novos conhecimentos. A justificativa para o desenvolvimento dessa estratégia de ensino é que a estequiometria é identificada como um assunto desafiador devido à necessidade do uso e da interpretação de linguagens químicas, físicas e matemáticas. Como resultado, espera-se que esta unidade contribua para a melhor compreensão dos conceitos de estequiometria e promova o uso de materiais de aprendizagem potencialmente significativos, além de demonstrar a construção de relações lógicas com o conhecimento científico e o distanciamento do ensino de química com base apenas na memorização de conteúdos.
Núcleos de Prática e Assistência Jurídica (NPAJ) de Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES): Instrumento de cidadania e acesso à justiça.
Authors: Pereira de Assis Wilson , Dias Bruno Smolarek
Published: October 2021

Neste artigo discorro sobre o surgimento, as atribuições, funções - sociais e pedagógicas, além das atuações dos Núcleos de Prática e Assistência Jurídica das Instituições de Ensino Superior. Falo sobre a importância dos NPAJ’s para o acadêmico, para a sociedade, para a Defensoria Pública, para o Poder Judiciário e para o Estado. Igualmente, discorro e defendo que os NPAJ’s são instrumentos de Cidadania e de Acesso à Justiça, vez que desempenham fundamental papel perante o mundo acadêmico e para a sociedade como um todo, especialmente a sociedade carente.
Panpsychism and the Limits of Physical Science
Authors: Ney A.
Published: October 2021

This essay critically engages with two themes in Philip Goff's book Galileo's Error regarding, first, the limits to what we can learn from physical science and, second, the comparative metaphysical and ethical implications of panpsychism and physicalism. I argue that the instrumentalist
and structuralist theses Goff uses to prop up his claims about the limits of physical science are unmotivated and, even if they were motivated, would not support the sort of panpsychism Goff recommends. The second part of the essay shows why physicalism is, contrary to Goff's claims,
no worse than panpsychism when it comes to providing accounts of free will, objective value, and meaning.
Engaging our Patients in Real Change for our Planet
Authors: Nobbe Sonya
Published: October 2021

“You carry Mother Earth within you. She is not outside of you. Mother Earth is not just your environment. In that insight of inter-being, it is possible to have real communication with the Earth, which is the highest form of prayer.” ~ Thich Nhat Hanh
Cardiorespiratory Fitness Assessment and Treatment for Health Span and Lifespan
Authors: Duizer David
Published: October 2021

Poor cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an important risk factor for age-related diseases including cardiovascular disease, cancer, dementia and osteoporosis. When evaluated through an active metabolism test and reported as VO2Max, or the maximal oxygen uptake during intense exercise, CRF is a highly valued functional marker to assess overall wellness and disease risk in the elderly. For every 3.5ml/kg/min increase in VO2Max there is an associated 13% decrease in all-cause mortality. CRF is trainable in the elderly through endurance and high intensity interval training. A Naturopathic Doctor’s holistic approach to optimal wellness includes exercise as a lifestyle intervention and CRF analysis enables their exercise protocols to be individualized for the purpose of improving VO2Max. VO2Max can be improved by up to 11% in 8 weeks with exercise consistency. CRF evaluation and treatment in the elderly population is a high priority of an evidence-informed optimal wellness program and one that Naturopathic Doctors are well trained to lead.
The Migraine-Metabolic Connection: Screening for and Addressing Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Migraine
Authors: Conway James R.
Published: October 2021

Patients presenting with migraine may benefit from screening for insulin-related comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome. Proper assessment optimizes patient care by simultaneously addressing migraine symptoms and offering therapeutic options that can collectively benefit both conditions and improve not only quality of life but risk factors of cardiovascular disease.
THE EFFECT OF DEBATE STRATEGY TOWARDS STUDENTS SPEAKING ABILITY AT THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF MA AL URWATUL WUTSQO JOMBANG
Authors: Khudriyah Khudriyah
Published: October 2021

English is very essential at globalization era. In today’s era, multilingualism has become more than just ‘important’. Knowing a foreign language other than native language has evolved to be extremely beneficial, so it is important to teach English as foreign language. This research is aimed to know the effect debate strategy towards students speaking ability, with quantitative approach. The result of the research is debate strategy has affected the students speaking ability of eleventh grade of MA al Urwatul Wutsqo Jombang, because based on the result of F-test the population variance is equal. Based on the result of t test is empirical t is higher that theoretical t, so the debate has affected the students speaking ability with low level, and the result of significance is 0,000 < 0, 05, there is difference speaking ability between students who are taught using debate as strategy and conventional method.
NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Indana Nurul , Fatikah Noor , Nady Nady
Published: October 2021

Along with development of globalization, literary works also makes an important contribution to education. One of the novels that included Islamic values ??especially in moral messages is the novel "Kasidah-Kasidah Cinta" written Muhammad Muhyidin which is full of knowledge, especially about religious knowledge, so that it feels more alive and real. The Islamic education value is the value of Islam that supports education implementation and even becomes a series or system such values as the value of faith, knowledge, worship morals, and the value of struggle. Meanwhile the value of education in the Kasidah-Kasidah Cinta novel is about faith, worship and morals education.Along with development of globalization, literary works also makes an important contribution to education. One of the novels that included Islamic values ??especially in moral messages is the novel "Kasidah-Kasidah Cinta" written Muhammad Muhyidin which is full of knowledge, especially about religious knowledge, so that it feels more alive and real. The Islamic education value is the value of Islam that supports education implementation and even becomes a series or system such values as the value of faith, knowledge, worship morals, and the value of struggle. Meanwhile the value of education in the Kasidah-Kasidah Cinta novel is about faith, worship and morals education.
Pendidikan Masa Kini Untuk Generasi Penerus Perjuangan Nabi Muhammad SAW.
Authors: Ya’cub Mihmidaty
Published: October 2021

To be able to realize the next generation of the Prophet's struggle, professional Islamic teachers are needed, namely teachers who are able to educate their students to become the next generation of the Prophet's struggle. It also requires the ability of teachers to use varied learning methods, productive learning strategies and modern educational media. It is also necessary to provide adequate infrastructure that can support teachers in carrying out the teaching and learning process well and attract students' interest. By knowing the characteristics of this millennial generation, the world of education can play a role and adjust learning strategies in such a way as to bring this millennial generation to an optimal level of success.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on maxillofacial trauma etiology
Authors: CAVUS OZKAN Melekber , SARAC Omer
Published: October 2021

Objective: Maxillofacial trauma (MFT) is a frequent presentation in the emergency department (ED) which requires a multidisciplinaryapproach. Although, its etiology and diversity of injuries are almost similar worldwide, the causes may differ among the countriesdepending on the sociocultural and environmental factors and local traffic regulations. This study aims to evaluate etiologies ofmaxillofacial traumas (MFTs) in ED and to compare etiologies of MFTs during COVID-19 pandemic with the previous year.Patients and Methods: Totally 84 (61 males, 23 females) patients admitted to ED of our center with MFT between March 15th – April30th, 2020 were included. The control group consisted of 148 (112 males, 36 females) MFT patients admitted to ED in the previousyear (March 15th-April 30th, 2019). Data including age, sex, cause of trauma, treatment, and COVID-19 infection status within 14 daysafter ED admission were compared between groups.Results: Mean age was 31.88±2.53 years in the patient group and 31.40±1.74 years in the control group. Number of patients admittedto ED with MFTs decreased by 43.3% during pandemic compared to the previous year. Majority of MFTs occurred at home, followedby public places, traffic, and workplaces in both time periods. During pandemic, the rate of home accidents increased and MFTsoccurred in the public places decreased.Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic-mandated social restrictions lead to a decrease in the number of MFTs. However, home accidentsare the main cause of MFTs. Spread of COVID-19 infection in the hospital setting can be minimized with necessary precautions.
A Brand-New Method of Quantifying Lease Incremental Borrowing Rate under IFRS 16 and Topic 842
Authors: Bellandi Francesco
Published: October 2021

One of the most contentious issues of lessee’s accounting under IFRS 16 and FASB ASC Topic 842 has been how to compute a lessee’s incremental borrowing rate (hereafter, IBR). A proper quantification of IBR is important because it affects the amount of a lessee’s right-of-use asset and lease liability recognized at lease commencement in the statement of financial position, as well as depreciation and interest expenses ongoing. Such a determination poses theoretical and practical difficulties to companies. This article develops a brand-new method that follows a conceptual approach that converge accounting and finance theory, to strike a balance between rigorous theory and practical application for companies. The proposed approach starts with a lessee’s actual average borrowing rate and compares it with its theoretical average borrowing rate based on synthetic rating. It then flexes the average rate along the interest term curve and derives the monthly rates applicable to each monthly cash flow. It adjusts the rates based on each specific lease features as defined in the standards, periodically updates the specific lease interest rate curves, and computes a lease IBR as the internal rate of return of the cash flows discounted at the monthly specific rates applicable to that specific lease. It finally compares with benchmarks. The proposed model is innovative because it is framed within, and consistent with, the definition of incremental borrowing rate in those accounting pronouncements, uses three starting references cross-checking each other, includes both an internal perspective of a company’s actual interest rates and an external market perspective, and is relatively easy to model in a partially automated spreadsheet application.
From National Lockdowns to Herd Immunity: Understanding the Spectrum of Government Responses to COVID-19 (2019-2021)
Authors: Howlett Michael
Published: October 2021

From National Lockdowns to Herd Immunity: Understanding the Spectrum of Government Responses to COVID-19 (2019-2021)

Governments around the world responded at roughly the same time but in several different ways to the emerging threat of COVID-19 in early 2020. This article sets out the nature of the different strategies that emerged over the course of the pandemic, focussing on the policy tools deployed. Some of these efforts were successful in containing the coronavirus while others were not, in some cases due to poor initial choices and in others due to poor implementation of the chosen strategy. Although the initial understanding each government had of the nature of the disease was the same, different state capacities and different levels of preparedness and effective leadership can be seen to have resulted over time in the emergence of six distinct approaches to the pandemic which, once deployed, proved difficult, although not impossible, to change as the pandemic unfolded.
Lokale democratie achter de schermen
Authors: Peters Klaartje , Boogaard Geerten , van den Berg Bibi , Van Kalken Lianne
Published: October 2021

Behind the screens. Lessons learned from online local council meetings during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Shortly after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, a temporary law came into force enabling online deliberation and decision-making by decentralised governments. For the duration of the law, a committee evaluated its operation and implementation. The commission focused on legality, technology and security, and on political-administrative effects, since there were concerns about the consequences of the law in these three areas. This article shows that although no significant legal and technical problems arose, online deliberation did have an effect on the practices of deliberation and decision-making. Online deliberation during the pandemic was not good for local democracy, which was also due to society temporarily going into lock-down. At the same time, online deliberation also appears to have its advantages. In order to reap the benefits of digital deliberation, however, a permanent law that includes hybrid forms of deliberation and technical improvements to online conference systems is needed.
Resilient performance of expansive subgrades stabilized with nanosized and activated fly ash
Authors: Aneke Frank Ikechukwu , Hassan Mohamed Mostafa
Published: October 2021

Subgrades across arid and semi-arid region are known for its random swelling, with high plasticity due to moisture infiltration of the pavement structures. Subgrades materials are significantly influenced by the cahnges in degree of saturation, which is unavoidable. Studies in the past, have reported several positive results on the stabilization of expansive soils with additives like lime, cement, fly ash, etc. In this study, resilient performance of expansive subgrades treated with 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% of nanosized and activated fly ash (NFA and AFA) is presented. Series of cation exchange capacity tests, zero swelling tests (ZST) and resilient modulus (M_R ) tests were performed to study the effects of NFA and AFA on resilient modulus (M_R) and swelling index of the subgrades material respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests was conducted to evaluate the morphological changes in the subgrades, and compounds responsible for resilient strength development. The result showed that, NFA and AFA inclusions in the treatment of expansive subgrades caused an increase in resilient strength and decrease in swelling stress to a limiting stabilizer content of 0.5% and 1.0% beyond which, the resilient modulus values increased triggering a significant decrease in swelling stress. The test result revealed that the reduction was caused by the pozzolanic reaction between the stabilizers and available moisture required for full completion of pozzolanic process. Based on the test result, nano-fly ash exhibite high potential in improving resilient strength and reducing swelling stress to 58.7% and 63% respectively on the average compared to activated fly ash. This study suggest a feasible solution to improve the quality and performance of expansive subgrades.
U-turn capacity at signalized intersections
Authors: Martiakhin Dmitri , Komarova Tatiana , Nemchinov Dmitri , Mikhailov Alexandr
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of a study of the intersections capacity, at which the U-turn lane is organized, depending on the traffic flow volume and its organization. Signalized intersection capacity depends on traffic flow, geometry, traffic organization type, driver’s behaviour and headways between drivers in each traffic lane. To analyse signalized intersection capacity it is necessary to determine traffic lanes saturation flow. The study presents field observation analyses of headways between drivers and saturation flow on U-turn lanes at signalised intersections in Moscow. To conduct research and identify patterns, intersections in Moscow were chosen with different conditions and different organization of the U-turns.
The study of moisture susceptibility for asphalt mixtures containing blast furnace slags
Authors: Ene Nicoleta Mariana , Răcănel Carmen , Burlacu Adrian
Published: October 2021

Nowadays, in the context of increasing traffic, extending road network, and environmental protection, an important target is to develop sustainable roads through the use of by-products derived from various manufacturing processes that can lead to the reduction of environmental degradation. Blast furnace slag is the resulting material during the casting processes of the iron. This is a non-metallic process that is obtained by melting the chemical compounds from the sterile, ash coxe, and the founders. As a result of global research, it has been found that an ecological asphalt mixture (with slags as aggregate) can be used as a pavement layer. However, there are inconveniences related to poor moisture susceptibility. In this context, this paper presents the study of moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures with blast furnace slags starting from a basic recipe of AC 31.5 type with natural aggregate and replacing the natural aggregate with slag in different percentages. The paper presents the tests carried out on 15 asphalt mixture recipes with partial and total replacement of natural aggregates with slag artificial aggregates and compared to a classic recipe where 100% natural aggregates were used. The used tests were chosen to characterize the water-related behavior: water absorption and indirect tensile strength test. The results indicate that asphalt mixture with slag aggregates can be a valuable resource in designing asphalt mixtures and satisfactory performance has been achieved.
Study of filming condition for deep learning based crack detection method
Authors: Fukuoka Tomotaka , Minami Takahiro , Fujiu Makoto , Takayama Junichi
Published: October 2021

Recently, the study of extending the service life of bridges has gained attention. In Japan, there are about 730,000 bridges with a length of 2 m or longer, and many of these were built during a period of high economic growth, and have now reached the end of their service life. Therefore, their rebuilding and the extension of their service life must be considered. However, some local public organizations have problems that insufficient manpower relative to the number of bridges to manage, as well as insufficient funding for maintenance. Thus, these organizations are unable to perform routine close visual inspections. Specific problems include “notably less staff and consulting technicians relative to the number of bridges to be managed” and “high inspection cost preventing from funding for repair.” As issues with the continuing close visual inspection of bridges are surfacing, the remote imaging system is expected to become a new inspection method that replaces close visual inspection. The practical potential of bridge inspections using images captured with a super-high-resolution camera was examined. A super-high-resolution camera enables us to take a wide area picture of a target bridge from a long distance. An image processing method could improve the efficiency of image-based inspection method. For example, a deep learning-based image processing method could extract a damaged area on a surface of a bridge automatically with high accuracy faster than human inspection. In general, the accuracy of an image processing method is affected by the quality of an input image. Filming conditions are one of the factors that determine the quality of a photo image. It is important to evaluate the effect of filming conditions to improve the reliability of an image processing method. In this paper, we evaluate the effect of the filming conditions for an image processing method by comparing the results of a deep learning-based crack detection method.
Croatian road sector management challenges
Authors: Čulo Ksenija , Skendrović Vladimir , Puž Goran
Published: October 2021

The road network in the Republic of Croatia is well developed and largely responds to traffic needs. The motorway network is largely built up and no major new investment is needed in the short term. The national road network is in good standing according to national and EU standards. However, public road management companies face operational and financial challenges in terms of: (a) overinvestment in the network; (b) weak governance; (c) high operating costs; (d) large debt stock; (e) short tenor of existing loans; (f) currency risk and (g) insufficient credit strength to access the loan market for long tenors on a stand-alone basis. The Government of the Republic of Croatia has therefore decided to address these chellenges and launched a project funded by IBRD called the Modernization and Restructuring of the Road Sector (MARS) aiming to enhance operational efficiency and improve the financial sustainability of the road sector. To these ends, the Government has approved a Sector Policy Letter, which contains a set of planned reforms. To ensure the contribution of the road sector to the overall economy, in addition to the financial sustainability of the sector itself, operational improvements are needed in the following key areas: (a) management of the road infrastructure sector; (b) planning, financing and implementation of investments in the road sector; (c) corporate governance and business operations. Much of the reform has already been implemented, but some of the most important are still in the process of being implemented.
Possibility of application of concrete sleeper with under sleepers pads
Authors: Perčin Zvonko
Published: October 2021

One of the most sensitive segments of the railway infrastructure are certainly bridges. All steel grid bridges have wooden sleeper attached to the bridge structure and cannot change the height when maintaining the upper structure rails. It has become a practice to reconstruct or replace damaged bridges in the past by taking care that the track construction is separated from the bridge constructions. One way is that steel grid structures are replaced with reinforced concrete structures in the form of a trough or if the spans are larger with steel structures in the form of a trough. The standard classical track construction today is a gangway with concrete sleepers and a ballast of crushed stone material. Such tracks have reduced elasticity, which is particularly important at contact between the sleepers and the stone material. In order to reduce the negative impacts of vibration and thus extend the durability of railway track today, railways increasingly apply concrete sleepers with under sleepers pads. Tests have shown that with the installation of the under sleeper pads it is possible to achieve a quieter passage of the train over the substrates of different stiffness, thus reducing the possibility of damage to the track construction and the vehicle itself.
Potential substitutions of traditional hydraulic binders in cold recycled mixtures using blast furnace slag
Authors: Valentin Jan , Vacková Pavla , Tarifa Nadia Maria Jose , Giannaka Dimitra
Published: October 2021

Cold recycling techniques are known for decades in pavement engineering as a suitable rehabilitation method mainly for existing asphalt pavements. Traditionally the most common solution is to use bituminous emulsion or foamed bitumen as a binder usually in combination with small amount of cement or lime as active fillers. In some countries cement or hydraulic road binders are preferred instead of bitumen based options since it is believed that hydraulic binders can increase the bearing capacity of cold recycled layer especially for pavements with underestimated structures which were designed >40 years ago. Based on that the Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU Prague is for more than 10 years evaluating and developing further alternatives for the cement-based approach of cold recycled mixtures. In the past experience with fly-ashes or activated fly-ash based alternative binders were presented. Presently the focus is concentrating on the potentials of using blast furnace slags which are not generally usable for the cement industry (e.g. because of limited content of glassy compounds which are very typical mainly for granulated blast furnace slags). Air-cooled blast furnace slags were selected and activated by high-speed milling to get a material with latent hydraulic properties. This modified slag was applied in several options to cold recycled mixtures and standard strength and deformation tests were performed, including the determination of resistance to water immersion. Separately pastes based on used treated fine-grained slags were tested and evaluated. Data of the pastes are discussed jointly with the results for experimentally tested cold recycled mixtures.
Enhancing capacity on ETCS Level 2 lines in Austria
Authors: Schöbel Andreas , Permiakova Olga
Published: October 2021

The European Train Control System (ETCS) is also applied in the network of Austrian Railways (ÖBB). In ETCS Level 2 it is possible to skip conventional trackside signals. This opportunity is very useful on recently built new high speed lines. Level 2 allows to increase capacity by adding additional blocks even on existing lines. This paper presents the potential increase of capacity on the high speed line between Vienna and St. Pölten which has been opened in the year 2012 and is operated by ETCS Level 2. Trackside signals are only used as a fall back option. Simulation software OPENTRACK has been applied to calculate headways for different block layouts. Results are presented in this paper and look promising for an increase of capacity on railway lines.
Calculation of the temperature distribution in heated switch points
Authors: Schladitz Markus , Adam Robert , Großmann Steffen
Published: October 2021

Snow and ice can accumulate between the moveable parts of a switch point during the winter season. As a result he point cannot be switched anymore. In order to prevent failures and delays of trains, switch points are heated. Electrical heating rods shall ensure the melting of snow and ice in the critical areas of a point. Practical experiences have shown that this is not always possible. A calculation model for the heating of a point has to be set up in order to investigate the effectivity of switch point heating systems. Besides that, various ambient factors (such as ambient temperature, wind, precipitation) reduce the heating of the point. However, the extent of impact of the weather conditions on the heating remains to be investigated. Therefore, it is important to study their thermal influence and implement it into the calculation model. The Thermal Network Method (TNM) is suitable in this case. Initially the single main components of a switch point will be set up in separate networks. After a verification with experimental setups, the separate networks can be connected to each other. An experimental setup of an entire model point gives the opportunity to compare calculated and measured heating results without the influence of weather conditions. Finally, the ambient conditions can be implemented into the TNM model by performing field tests. The finished model can give high-resolution temperature information for different heating powers, ambient temperatures, wind velocities, rain and snowfall. According to the practical experience of various railway companies the temperature distribution is calculated for different parameter scenarios and subsequently evaluated regarding its effectivity to prevent failures.
A Gloss to the Decision of the Supreme Court of 22 July 2020 (III CZP 31/19) on the Admissibility of the Victim's Claims for Compensation for the Costs of Care Provided Free of Charge by the Relatives Pursuant to Article 444 § 1 of the Polish Civil Code
Authors: Orlicki Marcin
Published: October 2021

The gloss refers to the Supreme Court’s resolution (III CZP 31/19), which states that pursuant to Article 444 § 1 of the Civil Code, an injured person who has suffered a bodily injury or health disorder may claim compensation for the costs of care provided to them free of charge by their relatives. The author of the gloss expresses his critical attitude towards the resolution, proving that the term 'cost' applied by the legislator in Article 444 § 1 must be interpreted as an expense. Therefore, if the victim has not paid any care expenses, he or she has not suffered damage and is not entitled to compensation. In addition, the obligation to take care of a family member who has suffered a bodily injury or health disorder results from the regulations of family law and is of the family law nature. Consequently, the care provided by a relative ought not to be considered as a benefit the value of which is taken into account while estimating the amount of damage.
Wykorzystanie luminescencyjnych koncentratorów słonecznych
w rozwiązaniach architektonicznych
Authors: Labus Agnieszka , Goleśna Agata , Łagan Bartosz , Brzęczek-Szafran Alina , Nikodem Julia , Undas Karol
Published: October 2021

Artykuł dotyczy charakterystyki
i zastosowania luminescencyjnych koncentratorów słonecznych LSC (ang. Luminescent
Solar Concentrator) w rozwiązaniach architektonicznych. Opisano metodę działania koncentratorów luminescencyjnych oraz wskazano kierunki ich zastosowania. Poruszone zostały kwestie wykorzystania luminescencyjnych koncentratorów i związane z tym możliwości rozwoju energii odnawialnej w rozwiązaniach architektonicznych. W oparciu o studium przypadku opisano wybrane projekty rozwiązań architektonicznych z użyciem technologii opartej na luminescencyjnych koncentratorach słonecznych. Efektem artykułu jest zidentyfikowanie obszarów w zakresie wykorzystania luminescencyjnych koncentratorów słonecznych
w rozwiązaniach architektonicznych.
Human Skeletal Remains Recovered from a Napo Funerary Urn in the Ecuadorian Amazon
Authors: Jastremski Nicole A. , Sánchez-Polo Alejandra
Published: October 2021

There is very little published literature regarding pre-Columbian burial practices that include human skeletal remains of the Napo culture (A.D. 1188–1480) in the western Amazon. Due to poor bone preservation and a history of looting practices, bioarchaeologists have rarely been able to collect, analyze, and interpret skeletal remains. Here, we provide the initial publication of a human skeleton from the Ecuadorian Amazon belonging to the Napo culture, preserved in a funerary urn acquired by the Museo de Arte Precolombino Casa del Alabado in Quito, Ecuador. This partial adult skeleton, radiocarbon dated to cal A.D. 1021–1155, consists primarily of broken long bones that indicate a robust individual with a height range of 160–170 cm. Although no trauma was observed, pathological conditions including cysts and likely Osgood-Schlatter’s disease were present and robust muscle insertions were noted. Taphonomic damage from termite osteophagy was inferred by the presence of round bore holes, cavities, tunneling, and cortical etching on the humerus, femur, and tibia. The urn itself is an anthropomorphic polychrome vessel that opens at the bottom, with six equally spaced holes to facilitate closure. The urn burial is similar to those of other Amazonian Polychrome Tradition cultures located to the east in Brazil.
 
Las prácticas funerarias precolombinas que incluyen restos humanos esqueléticos de la cultura Napo (1188–1480 D.C.), en el oeste de la Amazonía, han sido escasamente dadas a conocer en la literatura arqueológica. Debido a la pobre preservación de los huesos en ese medio y a una dilatada trayectoria de huaquerismo, desde la bioarqueología no ha sido posible recoger, analizar e interpretar restos humanos. Este artículo trata de solventar este vacío al atender desde una perspectiva bioarqueológica los restos óseos humanos provenientes de la Amazonía ecuatoriana pertenecientes a la cultura Napo, preservados en una urna funeraria que se conserva en el Museo de Arte Precolombino Casa del Alabado en Quito, Ecuador. Por un lado, este esqueleto parcial del que se conservan huesos largos fragmentados de un adulto fue datado mediante técnicas radiométricas entre 1021 y 1155 cal D.C.Habría sido una persona robusta, con una altura que oscilaría entre los 160 y 170 cm. Aunque no se ha observado ningún traumatismo, las patologías registradas incluyen quistes, como los debidos a la enfermedad de Osgood-Schlatter, e inserciones musculares robustas. Entre las afecciones tafonómicas más relevantes, se han apreciado las causadas por osteofagia de termitas, las cuales se infieren por la presencia de perforaciones redondas, cavidades, túneles y decapado cortical en húmero, fémur y tibia. Por otro lado, la urna es un ejemplar antropomorfo policromado de apertura basal con seis orificios espaciados que ayudaban a cerrarla. El entierro en urna es similar a aquellos otros de las culturas de la Tradición Polícroma Amazónica localizadas al este en Brasil.
Terminology Used to Describe Human Variation in Forensic Anthropology
Authors: Pilloud Marin , Skipper Cassie , Horsley SaMoura , Craig Alba , Latham Krista , Clemmons Chaunesey , Zejdlik Katie , Boehm Deborah , Philbin Casey
Published: October 2021

To understand the implications of the forensic anthropological practice of “ancestry” estimation, we explore terminology that has been employed in forensic anthropological research. The goal is to evaluate how such terms can often circulate within social contexts as a result, which may center forensic anthropologists as constituting “race” itself through analysis and categorization. This research evaluates terminology used in anthropological articles of the Journal of Forensic Sciences between 1972 and 2020 (n = 314). Terminology was placed into two categories: classifiers and descriptors. Classifiers were standardized into one of five options: “race,” “ancestry,” “population,” “ethnic,” or “other.” Descriptors included terms used to describe individuals within these classificatory systems. We also compared these terms to those in the NamUs database and the U.S. census. Our results found that the terms “ancestry” and “race” are often conflated and “ancestry” largely supplanted “race” in the 1990s without a similar change in research approach. The NamUs and census terminology are not the same as that used in forensic anthropological research; illustrating a disconnect in the terms used to identify the missing, unidentified, and in social contexts with those used in anthropological research. We provide histories of all of these terms and conclude with suggestions for how to use terminology in the future. It is important for forensic anthropologists to be cognizant of the terms they use in medicolegal contexts, publications, and in public and/or professional spaces. The continued use of misrepresentative and improper language further marginalizes groups and perpetuates oppression rooted in systemic racism.
Musikdramaturgie im Film
Authors: Rabenalt Robert
Published: October 2021

Die auditive Gestaltung im Kino lädt zum aufmerksamen Zuhören ein, um eine Geschichte interessant und unterhaltsam zu erzählen. Musik im Film ist ein dramaturgisches Mittel und beeinflusst dabei sowohl Form als auch Wirkung des Films. Der schillernde Begriff "Dramaturgie", der sich stets zwischen Theorie und Praxis behaupten muss, erfährt in diesem Buch eine für die Beschäftigung mit Filmmusik notwendige Konkretisierung.

Mit zahlreichen Beispielen und auf unterschiedlichen Wegen der Filmmusikanalyse, die vom Allgemeinen zum filmmusikalischen Detail führen oder umgekehrt von einem Teilmoment ausgehen und auf dessen Bedeutung für das Ganze schließen lassen, werden Grundformen und Ausnahmen des filmischen Erzählens thematisiert und die Rolle, die der Filmmusik dabei zukommt, illustriert.

Mit Blick auf das Verwenden und Komponieren von Musik sowie auf deren Wahrnehmung im Kontext einer Geschichte wird die oft benannte, aber bisher weder ausführlich noch systematisch untersuchte Bedeutung der Dramaturgie von Grund auf überdacht.

Das dramaturgisch Verbindende der verschiedenen eingenommenen Perspektiven, die Querverbindungen zwischen Musiktheorie, filmischer Montage, Erzählformen und Filmrezeption führen schließlich zu einem neuen, auf die dramaturgische Wirkungsweise von Musik spezialisierten Modell der auditiven Ebenen im Film. In Verbindung mit einer Systematik von dramaturgisch wirksamen Musik-Bild-Kopplungen und dem Konzept vom Fabelzusammenhang der Filmmusik wird ein universelles und zeitgemäßes Analysemodell für Filmmusik offeriert, das sich auch über die besprochenen Genres und Formen hinaus anwenden lässt. Ein ausführliches Glossar schließt das Buch ab, das damit für Medienschaffende und Forschende gleichermaßen von Interesse sein wird.
Applications of Thermo-TDR Sensors for Soil Physical Measurements
Authors: Lu Yili , Peng Wei , Ren Tusheng , Horton Robert
Published: October 2021

Advanced sensors provide new opportunities to improve the understanding of soil properties and processes. One such sensor is the thermo-TDR sensor, which combines the functions of heat pulse probes and time domain reflectometry probes. Recent advancements in fine-scale measurements of soil thermal, hydraulic, and electrical properties with the thermo-TDR sensor enable measuring soil state variables (temperature, water content, and ice content), thermal and electrical properties (thermal diffusivity, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and bulk electrical conductivity), structural parameters (bulk density and air-filled porosity) and fluxes (heat, water, and vapor) simultaneously. This chapter describes the theory, methodology, and potential applications of the thermo-TDR technique.
High Precision Optical Wavefront Generation Using Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulator (LC-SLM)
Authors: Zhao Zixin
Published: October 2021

LC-SLM provides a flexible way to modulate the phase of light with the help of a grayscale pattern loaded on it. Nevertheless, the modulated phase profile is of relatively low accuracy due to the nonlinear and nonuniform response of the liquid crystal layer in the SLM. To improve the performance of LC-SLM on the wavefront generation, the nonlinear and nonuniform phase response needs to be calibrated and compensated effectively. In this chapter, we present some state-of-art methods to measure the phase modulation curve of the LC-SLM. Some methods to measure the static aberration caused by the backplane of the LC-SLM are then presented. Last but not the least, the future development of the LC-SLM in phase modulation is also presented.
Kant and His Heritage in Belarusian Philosophy of the Soviet and Post-Soviet Periods
Authors: Rumyantseva Tatiana G.
Published: October 2021

The interpretation of Kant’s philosophy by thinkers in pre-Soviet Belarus has been the subject of not a few publications. They described the reception of his seminal ideas, the analysis, polemic and occasionally sharp criticism of these ideas. It is helpful now to look at Kantian studies beginning from the 1920s to the present time. I will show that immediately after the October 1917 revolution and until the 1930s interest in Kant’s teaching was waning. When they turned to his ideas during that period Belarusian authors described and analysed them primarily in textbooks or when examining, or rather criticising, the views of Western philosophers, thereby rigidly adhering to Lenin’s assessments. During and after World War II the number of studies was also very insignificant. It was not until the beginning of Perestroika that an urgent need was felt for a new reading of Western philosophy, and interest in Kant’s heritage in the country increased sharply. A surge of interest was registered beginning from 2004 which was declared “Immanuel Kant Year” by UNESCO. From that time onward Belarus has hosted a number of international forums devoted to Kant, materials of conferences, articles and textbooks have been published, dissertations defended etc. The article reviews the main trends of these studies in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods.
Inherited Mutations in Chinese Men With Prostate Cancer
Authors: Zhu Yao , Wei Yu , Zeng Hao , Li Yonghong , Ng Chi-Fai , Zhou Fangjian , He Caiyun , Sun Guangxi , Ni Yuchao , Chiu Peter K.F. , Teoh Jeremy Y.C. , Wang Beihe , Pan Jian , Wan Fangning , Dai Bo , Qin Xiaojian , Lin Guowen , Gan Hualei , Wu Junlong , Ye Dingwei
Published: October 2021

Background: Although China accounts for 7.8% of worldwide new prostate cancer (PCa) cases and 14.5% of new deaths according to GLOBOCAN 2020, the risk of PCa associated with germline mutations is poorly defined, hampered in part by lack of nationwide evidence. Here, we sequenced 19 PCa predisposition genes in 1,836 Chinese patients with PCa and estimated disease risk associated with inherited mutations. Patients and Methods: Patients were recruited from 4 tertiary cancer centers (n=1,160) and a commercial laboratory (n=676). Germline DNA was sequenced using a multigene panel, and pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) mutation frequencies in patients with PCa were compared with populations from the gnomAD (Genome Aggregation Database) and ChinaMAP (China Metabolic Analytics Project) databases. Clinical characteristics and progression-free survival were assessed by mutation status. Results: Of 1,160 patients from hospitals, 89.7% had Gleason scores ≥8, and 65.6% had metastases. P/LP mutations were identified in 8.49% of Chinese patients with PCa. Association with PCa risk was significant for mutations in ATM (odds ratio [OR], 5.9; 95% CI, 3.1–11.1), BRCA2 (OR, 15.3; 95% CI, 10.0–23.2), MSH2 (OR, 15.8; 95% CI, 4.2–59.6), and PALB2 (OR, 5.9; 95% CI, 2.7–13.2). Compared with those without mutations, patients with mutations in ATM, BRCA2, MSH2, or PALB2 showed a poor outcome with treatment using androgen deprivation therapy and abiraterone (hazard ratio, 2.19 [95% CI, 1.34–3.58] and 2.47 [95% CI, 1.23–4.96], respectively) but similar benefit from docetaxel. Conclusions: The present multicenter study confirmed that a significant proportion of Chinese patients with PCa had inherited mutations and identified predisposition genes in this underreported ethnicity. These data provide empirical evidence for precision prevention and prognostic estimation in Chinese patients with PCa.