bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clofazimine Inhalation Suspension Demonstrates Promising Toxicokinetics in Canines for Treating Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infection
Authors: Kunkel M. , Doyle-Eisele M. , Kuehl P. , Rotermund K. , Hittinger M. , Ufer S. , Reed M. , Grant M. , Hofmann T.
Published: January 2023

Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection is recognized as a major global health concern due to its rising prevalence worldwide. As an opportunistic pathogen with increasing antibiotics resistance, prolonged systemic dosing with multiple antibiotics remains the primary treatment paradigm.
Mitigating donor interests in the case of COVID-19 vaccine: the implication of COVAX and DAC membership
Authors: Fang Yian , Ma Tianyue , Wu Ming , Tsuei Sian Hsiang-Te
Published: January 2023

Introduction

The COVID-19 vaccine donation process allegedly prioritised national interests over humanitarian needs. We thus examined how donors allocated vaccines by recipient country needs versus donor national interests and how such decisions varied across donation channels (bilateral vs COVAX with country earmarking) or exposure to foreign aid norms (membership status in the Development Assistance Committee—DAC).

Methods

We used the two-part regression model to examine how the probability of becoming a recipient country and the volume of vaccines received were associated with recipient countries’ needs (disease burden and GDP per capita), donor countries’ interests (bilateral trade volume and voting distance in the United Nations General Assembly) and recipient countries’ population size. The analysis further interacted the determinants with channel and DAC status.

Results

Donors preferentially selected countries with higher disease burden, lower GDP per capita, closer trade relations, more different voting preferences, and smaller populations. Compared with bilateral arrangements, COVAX encouraged more needs-based considerations (lower GDP per capita), less interest-based calculus (more distant economic relations and voting preferences) and larger population size. Compared with the DAC counterparts, the non-DAC donors focused more on politically and economically aligned countries but also on less economically developed countries. As for the volume of vaccines donated, countries received more vaccines if they had tighter trade relations with donors, more different voting patterns than donors, and larger populations. COVAX was associated with raising the volumes of vaccines to politically distant countries, and non-DAC donors donated more to countries with stronger trade relations and political alignment.

Conclusion

Donors consider both recipient needs and national interests when allocating COVID-19 vaccines. COVAX and DAC partially mitigated donors’ focus on domestic interests. Future global health aid can similarly draw on multilateral and normative arrangements.
Synthesis and thermal stability of a novel polyfunctional pyridine-based derivative featuring amino, nitro, and guanidine groups
Authors: Liu Xuqin , Hao Lina , Zhang Renfa , Ma Congming , Ma Peng
Published: January 2023

A new pyridine derivative 1-(4-amino-3,5-dinitropyridin-2-yl) guanidine (ADG) was synthesized through nitration and substitution reaction using 4-amino-2-cholopyridine as raw material. Its structure was characterized by spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry. The crystal of ADG is monoclinic, space group Pbca with crystal parameters of a = 7.23 Å, b = 14.56 Å, c = 17.93 Å, α = β= γ= 90 Å, V = 1911 Å3, μ = 0.143 mm−1, and Z = 8. This new molecule exhibits moderate density ( ρ= 1.677 g cm−3), good thermal stability with a decomposition temperature of 217 °C, and moderate detonation property with detonation pressure of 20.83 GPa and detonation velocity of 7.00 km s−1. The Hirshfeld surface analysis revealed a significant contribution of weak interactions to the packing forces for molecules. Electron localization function analysis indicates that there is substantial electron localization in regions of C–H, N–H, and N–O covalent bond sites.
A flexible, high-efficiency, and low-cost FeS2@CTS hydrogel film for solar interface water evaporation
Authors: Xu Yunsong , Gu Yanran , Yao Zhongping , Lu Songtao , Wu Xiaohong , Jiang Zhaohua
Published: January 2023

Solar interfacial water evaporation to obtain pure water has attracted extensive attention in recent years. In this work, based on the excellent optical property of FeS2 and the cross-linking nanostructure of chitosan (CTS), a FeS2@CTS hydrogel composite film for solar interfacial water evaporation was developed by hydrothermal synthesis and the following composite coating technology. The prepared FeS2@CTS presented high solar absorptivity of 95.27% and fast optical response capability. Under the optimized condition, the evaporation rate of pure water reached 3.34 kg m−2 h−1 and the photothermal conversion efficiency was 103.06% under one sun irradiation. In five runs, the evaporation rate of the FeS2@CTS was stable, indicating the excellent cycle stability. Also, in the desalination test, the stable evaporation rate of 1.74 kg m−2 h−1 was obtained in five runs. Due to the simple preparation method, low cost, and outstanding interfacial evaporation property, this FeS2@CTS indicates great potential for the seawater desalination or other photothermal conversion applications.
Forest harvesting impacts on small, temperate zone lakes: a review
Authors: Becu Mariella H. J. , Michalski Tracy A. , Richardson John S.
Published: January 2023

Small lakes (<1 km2) are physically, chemically, and biologically linked to their watersheds through hydrologic, terrestrial, and aerial delivery of materials. Inputs affecting lake function and structure, such as nutrient, energy, sediment, and large wood subsidies, arrive at the lake on three spatial scales, that is, the lake watershed, lake-inflow streams, and lake riparian areas. Lakes are sinks in the waterscape and integrate cumulative inputs from the landscape. Lakes can, therefore, react to landscape disturbances such as forest harvesting. Forest harvesting and associated activities can induce changes in watershed water yields, inputs of organic and inorganic materials to lakes, and in lake temperatures and wind. These changes result in stressors that can alter the lake’s physical habitat, water quality, and food webs. Here we review the reported impacts of forest harvesting on small, temperate zone lakes. The magnitude of the lake response to harvesting can depend on factors such as the proportion of the watershed harvested, the intensity of this harvesting, silvicultural practices and other activities, and road construction and density. Other additional factors include the proximity of the lake to harvesting and its impact on hydrological pathways connecting perturbed areas to stream and lake systems. The majority of surveyed studies reported short-term increases in nutrient and energy inputs, increased sedimentation due to harvesting, and increases in wind speeds, where about half reported increases in primary production or decreases in zooplankton biomass. Results on benthic macroinvertebrate, fish, and amphibians were less frequently reported and were geographically variable. Variation in the direction and magnitude of a lake’s food web response is likely due to studies of lakes with differences in watershed characteristics and forestry activities that can affect the magnitude of the lake response (i.e., proportion of watershed harvesting, forestry operations methods, hydrological connections to the lake, and site-specific attributes). We also discuss watershed forestry management and the implementation of lakeshore riparian buffers in the context of reducing forestry impacts on lakes. Most studies have been short-term, and the long-term, cumulative effects of forest harvesting on lake ecosystems remain unclear.
Ultimate Dynamics Analysis of the 5D Structural Leukemia Model and Partitioning of the Parameter Space
Authors: Starkov K. E.
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we study the global dynamics of the 5D structural leukemia model with 14 parameters as developed by Clapp et al. [2015]. This model describes the interaction between leukemic cell populations and the immune system. Our analysis is based on the localization method of compact invariant sets. We develop this method by introducing the notion of a partitioning of the parameter space and the notion of a localization set corresponding to this partitioning as its parameters change. Further, we obtain ultimate upper and lower bounds for all variables of a state vector without imposing additional restrictions. Local asymptotic stability conditions with respect to the leukemia-free equilibrium point (EP) are given. We deduce formulas describing inner EPs expressed in terms of positive roots of one 7D equation. Based on this equation, it is shown that the number of inner EPs cannot exceed 3 and one case of a global bifurcation of EPs is detected. Next, we prove the existence of the attracting set. Further, in two theorems, the global eradication/extinction leukemia theorems are described. The impact of using parametrically variable localization sets for a qualitative analysis of the ultimate behavior of leukemic cell populations is discussed.
Modeling the Dynamics of a Ratio-Dependent Leslie–Gower Predator–Prey System with Strong Allee Effect
Authors: Xu Hainan , He Daihai
Published: January 2023

In this paper, the dynamics of a ratio-dependent predator–prey model with strong Allee effect and Holling IV functional response is investigated by using dynamical analysis. The model is shown to have complex dynamical behaviors including subcritical or supercritical Hopf bifurcation, saddle-node bifurcation, Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation of codimension-2, a nilpotent focus or cusp of codimension-2. The codimension-2 Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation point acts as an organizing center for the whole bifurcation set. The coexistence of stable and unstable positive equilibria, homoclinic cycle is also found. Our analysis shows that the ratio-dependent model may collapse suddenly due to certain parameter variation, i.e. the numbers of predator and prey will decrease sharply to zeroes after undergoing a short time of sustained oscillations with small amplitudes. Of particular interest is that the coalescence of saddle-node bifurcation point and Hopf bifurcation point may indicate the occurrence of relaxation oscillations and the critical state of extinction of predator and prey. Numerical simulations and phase portraits including one-parameter bifurcation curve and two-parameter bifurcation curves are given to illustrate the theoretical results.
On the Limit Cycles of a Class of Discontinuous Piecewise Differential Systems Formed by Two Rigid Centers Governed by Odd Degree Polynomials
Authors: Carvalho Tiago , Gonçalves Luiz Fernando , Llibre Jaume
Published: January 2023

We provide an upper bound for the maximum number of limit cycles for the class of discontinuous piecewise differential systems formed by two differential systems separated by the straight line [Formula: see text], one of which is a linear rigid center while the other is a rigid center formed of a linear part plus a homogeneous polynomial of odd degree. We solve the extended 16th Hilbert problem for this class of discontinuous piecewise differential systems.
Nöther currents, black hole entropy universality and CFT duality in conformal Weyl gravity
Authors: Aggarwal Daksh , Chang Dominic , Helmers Quentin Dancewicz , Sivrioglu Nesibe , Ram-Mohan L. R. , Rodriguez Leo , Rodriguez Shanshan , Suleiman Raid
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we study black hole entropy universality within the conformal Weyl gravity paradigm. We do this by first computing the entropy of specific vacuum and non-vacuum solutions, previously unexplored in conformal Weyl gravity via both the Nöther current method and Wald’s entropy formula. For the vacuum case, we explore the near horizon near extremal Kerr metric, which is also a vacuum solution to conformal Weyl gravity and not previously studied in this setting. For the non-vacuum case, we couple the conformal Weyl gravity field equations to a near horizon (linear) [Formula: see text] gauge potential and analyze the respective found solutions. We highlight the non-universality of black hole entropy between our studied black hole solutions of varying symmetries. However, despite non-universality, the respective black hole entropies are in congruence with Wald’s entropy formula for the specific gravity theory. Finally and despite non-universality, we comment on the construction of a near horizon CFT dual to one of our unique non-vacuum solutions. Due to the non-universality, we must introduce a parameter (similarly to entropy calculations in LQG) which we also call [Formula: see text] and relating to the Weyl anomaly coefficient. The construction follows an [Formula: see text] correspondence in the near horizon, which enables the computation of the full asymptotic symmetry group of the chosen non-vacuum conformal Weyl black hole and its near horizon quantum CFT dual. We conclude with a discussion and outlook for future work.
An inflationary equation-of-state
Authors: Pal Barun Kumar
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we have studied inflationary paradigm through an inflationary equation-of-state. With a single parameter equation-of-state as a function of the scalar field responsible for accelerated expansion, we find an observationally viable model satisfying all the constraints as laid down by the recent observations. The resulting model can efficiently cover a wide range of tensor-to-scalar ratio ranging from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text], other inflationary observables being consistent with the latest data. Nowadays, ultimate eliminator between inflationary models is the tensor-to-scalar ratio, the model presented here is capable of keeping up with the future probes of tensor-to-scalar ratio at the same time having good agreement with other inflationary observables.
Unscreening of f(R) gravity near the galactic center black hole: Testability through pericenter shift below S0-2’s orbit
Authors: Paul Debojit , Kalita Sanjeev , Talukdar Abhijit
Published: January 2023

General Relativity (GR) has been tested extensively in the solar system and is being tested in the new environment of the Galactic Center (GC) black hole where the dimensionless gravitational potential ([Formula: see text]) is 100 times stronger than the one encountered in solar system. Therefore, the neighborhood of the GC black hole is a naive opportunity to test modified theories of gravity. In this work, effect of [Formula: see text] gravity near the black hole is studied. The difference of pericenter shift between GR and [Formula: see text] gravity is studied for compact orbits having semi-major axis equal to and below [Formula: see text] au (S0-2 like orbits). In a model-dependent approach, we choose [Formula: see text] (power law gravity) model which is cosmologically motivated and study the deviation in orbital pericenter shift for both zero spin and non-zero spin of the black hole. It is found that effect of [Formula: see text] gravity becomes prominent for compact orbits. In model-independent approach to [Formula: see text] gravity with the generic scalaron fields ([Formula: see text]), we extract the parameters of [Formula: see text] gravity from the current bounds on Parametrized Post-Newtonian (PPN) parameters ([Formula: see text]) near the GC black hole. The screening of [Formula: see text] gravity is also investigated for these bounds on PPN parameters. It has been found that sufficiently massive scalarons ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]eV) are completely screened but light and intermediate mass scalarons ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]eV and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]eV) are unscreened towards S0-2 like orbits as well as in the orbit of the newly discovered short period star S4716 ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]au). The possibility of detection of the [Formula: see text] gravity effects due to these unscreened scalarons is forecasted with existing and upcoming astrometric capabilities of Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs).
CLINICAL EFFECT OF ARTHROSCOPIC TREATMENT OF ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT AVULSION FRACTURE WITH GATE-SHAPED KIRSCHNER WIRE
Authors: HE JIN , LUO JIAN , LI KAI , QIU XUZHONG , CHANG JIHUI , DAI LING , TANG DONGMEI , GUO DEHONG , ZHANG SHUANG
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is an important ligament of the knee joint. Avulsion fracture of the tibial insertion point of the ACL accounts for 14% of all ACL injuries. However, no gold standard approach for treating ACL avulsion fractures exists. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effect of the treatment of ACL avulsion fracture with gate-shaped Kirschner wire fixation via arthroscopy. METHODS: Clinical data of 46 patients (male:female, 1:1.3; age, [Formula: see text] years) with ACL avulsion fracture who were treated with gate-shaped Kirschner wire fixation via arthroscopy in the People’s Hospital of Zhongjiang County from February 2018 to March 2021 were collected. The clinical effect was retrospectively analyzed using preoperative and postoperative joint range of motion (ROM), Lysholm score, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score. RESULTS: After the operation, the ROM ([Formula: see text] deviation, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]), Lysholm score ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]), and IKDC score ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] at the last follow-up, [Formula: see text]) significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS: The Kirschner wire fixation technique via arthroscopy displayed good therapeutic efficacy, was simple and effective, and is worth recommending for treating ACL avulsion fractures.
Recent advances in Raman spectroscopy for skin diagnosis
Authors: Wu Min , Gao Beibei , Wei Xunbin
Published: January 2023

The skin is the largest organ in humans. It comprises about 16% of our body. Many diseases originate from the skin, including acne vulgaris, skin cancer, fungal skin disease, etc. As a common skin cancer in China, melanoma alone grows at year rate of nearly 4%. Therefore, it is crucial to develop an objective, reliable, accurate, non-invasive, and easy-to-use diagnostic method for skin diseases to support clinical decision-making. Raman spectroscopy is a highly specific imaging technique, which is sensitive, even to the single-cell level in skin diagnosis. Raman spectroscopy provides a pattern of signals with narrow bandwidths, making it a common and essential tool for researching individual characteristics of skin cells. Raman spectroscopy already has a number of clinical applications, including in thyroid, cervical and colorectal cancer. This review will introduce the advantages and recent developments in Raman spectroscopy, before focusing on the advances in skin diagnosis, including the advantages, methods, results, analysis, and notifications. Finally, we discuss the current limitations and future progress of Raman spectroscopy in the context of skin diagnosis.
Detection of Moving Objects in Earth Observation Satellite Images
Authors: Keto Eric , Watters Wesley Andrés
Published: January 2023

Moving objects have characteristic signatures in multi-spectral images made by Earth observation satellites that use push broom scanning. While the general concept is applicable to all satellites of this type, each satellite design has its own unique imaging system and requires unique methods to analyze the characteristic signatures. We assess the feasibility of detecting moving objects and measuring their velocities in one particular archive of satellite images made by Planet Labs Corporation with their constellation of SuperDove satellites. Planet Labs data presents a particular challenge in that the images in the archive are mosaics of individual exposures and therefore do not have unique time stamps. We explain how the timing information can be restored indirectly. Our results indicate that the movement of common transportation vehicles, airplanes, cars, and boats, can be detected and measured.
Entering the Green Stone Age – introduction
Authors: Smelror Morten , Hanghøj Karen , Schiellerup Henrik
Published: January 2023

The present special publication addresses opportunities and challenges in meeting the demand for essential and critical metals and minerals needed to supply the green and sustainable societies of the future. The notion of criticality in different countries is discussed and examples of ongoing national and cross-country research and mapping programmes are presented. In addition to the resource/reserve and technical–economic aspects, the social and environmental dimensions are also elaborated in some of the contributions, as holistic approaches to the exploration and exploitation of critical minerals and materials are needed to fulfill the green transition and goals for the Green Stone Age.
Distilled Meta-learning for Multi-Class Incremental Learning
Authors: Liu Hao , Yan Zhaoyu , Liu Bing , Zhao Jiaqi , Zhou Yong , El Saddik Abdulmotaleb
Published: January 2023

Meta-learning approaches have recently achieved promising performance in multi-class incremental learning. However, meta-learners still suffer from catastrophic forgetting, i.e., they tend to forget the learned knowledge from the old tasks when they focus on rapidly adapting to the new classes of the current task. To solve this problem, we propose a novel distilled meta-learning (DML) framework for multi-class incremental learning that integrates seamlessly meta-learning with knowledge distillation in each incremental stage. Specifically, during inner-loop training, knowledge distillation is incorporated into the DML to overcome catastrophic forgetting. During outer-loop training, a meta-update rule is designed for the meta-learner to learn across tasks and quickly adapt to new tasks. By virtue of the bilevel optimization, our model is encouraged to reach a balance between the retention of old knowledge and the learning of new knowledge. Experimental results on four benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposal and show that our method significantly outperforms other state-of-the-art incremental learning methods.
On Coalescence Time in Graphs: When Is Coalescing as Fast as Meeting?
Authors: Kanade Varun , Mallmann-Trenn Frederik , Sauerwald Thomas
Published: January 2023

Coalescing random walks is a fundamental distributed process, where a set of particles perform independent discrete-time random walks on an undirected graph. Whenever two or more particles meet at a given node, they merge and continue as a single random walk. The
coalescence time
is defined as the expected time until only one particle remains, starting from one particle at every node. Despite recent progress such as that of Cooper et al., the coalescence time for graphs, such as binary trees,
d
-dimensional tori, hypercubes, and, more generally, vertex-transitive graphs, remains unresolved.

We provide a powerful toolkit that results in tight bounds for various topologies including the aforementioned ones. The meeting time is defined as the worst-case expected time required for two random walks to arrive at the same node at the same time. As a general result, we establish that for graphs whose meeting time is only marginally larger than the mixing time (a factor of log
2
n
), the coalescence time of
n
random walks equals the meeting time up to constant factors. This upper bound is complemented by the construction of a graph family demonstrating that this result is the best possible up to constant factors. Finally, we prove a tight worst-case bound for the coalescence time of

O(n
3
)

. By duality, our results yield identical bounds on the voter model.

Our techniques also yield a new bound on the hitting time and cover time of regular graphs, improving and tightening previous results by Broder and Karlin, as well as those by Aldous and Fill.
Certifying Zeros of Polynomial Systems Using Interval Arithmetic
Authors: Breiding Paul , Rose Kemal , Timme Sascha
Published: January 2023

We establish interval arithmetic as a practical tool for certification in numerical algebraic geometry. Our software
HomotopyContinuation.jl
now has a built-in function
certify
, which proves the correctness of an isolated nonsingular solution to a square system of polynomial equations. The implementation rests on Krawczyk’s method. We demonstrate that it dramatically outperforms earlier approaches to certification. We see this contribution as a powerful new tool in numerical algebraic geometry, which can make certification the default and not just an option.
Somatic Mutations in Normal Tissues: New Perspectives on Early Carcinogenesis
Authors: Herms Albert , Jones Philip H.
Published: January 2023

Normal tissues progressively acquire mutations. Some mutations are positively selected, driving clonal expansions that may colonize the majority of a tissue by old age. In several cases mutant clonal expansion is due to biasing stem cell fate toward proliferation. However, the expansionary phase is transient and is followed by reversion toward wild-type behavior so that normal tissue integrity is retained. Here we consider the implications of these findings for carcinogenesis. We propose that to be considered a cancer driver, a mutant gene should be more prevalent in tumors than the normal lineage from which it emerged. Cancer risk is not dependent on mutational burden, but rather may reflect the relative frequency of pro- and anti-oncogenic mutants within a tissue. Understanding the basis of mutant clonal advantage over wild-type cells allows interventions to halt the expansion or even deplete oncogenic mutants from normal tissue, potentially lowering cancer risk.
Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts: Lessons from Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Sherman Mara H. , di Magliano Marina Pasca
Published: January 2023

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are present in all malignancies. Arguably, in none are they as prevalent as they are in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), where they often outnumber cancer cells. The origin and function of CAFs are still not completely understood, and attempts to target this cell population as a component of combination therapy have so far not succeeded. Our understanding of pancreatic CAFs is in rapid evolution. Heterogeneity of CAFs is the key concept to understand this cell population. We discuss heterogeneity of origin, with recent findings challenging the notion that CAFs uniformly derive from pancreatic stellate cells, and instead suggesting that multiple types of resident fibroblasts contribute to CAF expansion. Heterogeneity in gene expression divides CAFs in different subpopulations. Most importantly, heterogeneity in function underlies the complexity of CAFs. CAFs deposit components of the extracellular matrix, contributing to the high interstitial pressure in pancreatic cancer. CAFs serve as “feeder” cells for cancer cells by providing metabolites, thus mitigating the effect of the low-nutrient environment of PDAC. At the same time, CAFs regulate the function of the immune system, inhibiting antitumor immune responses. Understanding the functional role of different CAF populations and the drivers of each of their functional roles is key to devising new ways to target this cell population in PDAC.
Engineering the Immune Microenvironment into Organoid Models
Authors: Luckett Kathleen A. , Ganesh Karuna
Published: January 2023

Organoid models have revolutionized cancer research through their ability to capture the cellular heterogeneity and spatial organization of a tumor in 3D culture. Patient-derived organoids can also mirror responses to therapy in vitro, opening the doors to personalized medicine that can direct clinical decision-making. As cancer immunotherapy has flourished and efforts to develop novel immunotherapies have increased, models that incorporate immune cells into organoid coculture to recapitulate the complexity of the tumor microenvironment faithfully are in high demand. To this end, a wide variety of organoid immune coculture methods have been developed, each differing in the source of immune cells used, types of immune cells maintained in culture, and their specific utility. This review aims to organize these methods into a framework that will aid researchers in choosing the appropriate system for their experimental needs. We also highlight several nonimmune cell types that have been successfully incorporated into organoid culture and the biology these coculture models are poised to interrogate.
The Potent and Paradoxical Biology of Cellular Senescence in Cancer
Authors: Romesser Paul B. , Lowe Scott W.
Published: January 2023

Cellular senescence is a tumor-suppressive program that promotes tissue homeostasis by identifying damaged cells for immune-mediated clearance. Thus, the ability to evade senescence and the ensuing immune surveillance is a hallmark of cancer. Reactivation of senescence programs can result in profound immune-mediated tumor regressions or sensitize tumors to immunotherapy, although the aberrant persistence of senescent cells can promote tissue decline and contribute to the side effects of some cancer therapies. In this review, we first briefly describe the discovery of senescence as a tumor-suppressive program. Next, we highlight the dueling good and bad effects of the senescence-associated secretory program (SASP) in cancer, including SASP-dependent immune effects. We then summarize the beneficial and deleterious effects of senescence induction by cancer therapies and strategies in development to leverage senescence therapeutically. Finally, we highlight challenges and unmet needs in understanding senescence in cancer and developing senescence-modulating therapies.
AI in Computational Pathology of Cancer: Improving Diagnostic Workflows and Clinical Outcomes?
Authors: Cifci Didem , Veldhuizen Gregory P. , Foersch Sebastian , Kather Jakob Nikolas
Published: January 2023

Histopathology plays a fundamental role in the diagnosis and subtyping of solid tumors and has become a cornerstone of modern precision oncology. Histopathological evaluation is typically performed manually by expert pathologists due to the complexity of visual data. However, in the last ten years, new artificial intelligence (AI) methods have made it possible to train computers to perform visual tasks with high performance, reaching similar levels as experts in some applications. In cancer histopathology, these AI tools could help automate repetitive tasks, making more efficient use of pathologists’ time. In research studies, AI methods have been shown to have an astounding ability to predict genetic alterations and identify prognostic and predictive biomarkers directly from routine tissue slides. Here, we give an overview of these recent applications of AI in computational pathology, focusing on new tools for cancer research that could be pivotal in identifying clinical biomarkers for better treatment decisions.
The Typology of Reciprocal Constructions
Authors: Nordlinger Rachel
Published: January 2023

Reciprocal constructions involve a complex mapping of semantics onto morphosyntax, requiring multiple propositions to be overlaid onto a single clause and the permutation of semantic roles within the set of participants involved. This complexity challenges the standard processes relating predicates to situations, and thus languages arrive at a great diversity of solutions for how reciprocal situations are encoded within a single clausal structure. Recent typological work has showcased this diversity from different perspectives, but further work is needed to determine how different morphosyntactic and semantic properties interact and what implicational connections and correlations exist with other parts of the linguistic system. Theoretical typologies highlight the importance of reciprocal constructions for our understanding of grammatical structure crosslinguistically.
Homesign: Contested Issues
Authors: Goico Sara A. , Horton Laura
Published: January 2023

The term homesign has been used to describe the signing of deaf individuals who have not had sustained access to the linguistic resources of a named language. Early studies of child homesigners focused on documenting their manual communication systems through the lens of developmental psycholinguistics and generative linguistics, but a recent wave of linguistic ethnographic investigations is challenging many of the established theoretical presuppositions that underlie the foundational homesign research. Sparked by a larger critical movement within Deaf Studies led by deaf scholars, this new generation of scholarship interrogates how researchers portray deaf individuals and their communication practices and questions the conceptualization of language in the foundational body of homesign research. In this review, we discuss these contested issues and the current moment of transition within research on homesign.
On The Efficacy of Cobalt Boride Coating on NMC-811 Cathode Under Vinylene Carbonate Additive, High Temperature and Air Shelving Conditions
Authors: Jing Yaqi , Shao Yikun , Xin Huolin L.
Published: January 2023

Cobalt boride (CoB) is a novel coating material for high-voltage cathodes, which has demonstrated excellent protective capabilities for the NMC-811 cathode in the LiPF6-EC-EMC electrolyte. However, there is limited knowledge about its effect at high temperatures as well as in the second-generation electrolyte that contains the vinylene carbonate (VC) additive. In this work, the cycling performance of the CoB coated NMC-811 cathode was evaluated in EC-EMC-based electrolytes with and without VC using Li||NMC-811 coin cells at different temperatures. The CoB coating can effectively protect the NMC-811 cathode at room temperature without VC. But the protective capabilities of the CoB coating are slightly reduced in the presence of VC. Meanwhile, high temperature and air shelving both have a negative impact on the CoB coated material. Therefore, we conclude that the combination of CoB coating and VC additive is not beneficial to the NMC-811 cathode. High-temperature conditions can accelerate the decomposition of the electrolyte, causing the CoB coating to lose its protective capabilities. Air shelving can also reduce the protective capabilities of the CoB coating layer. Therefore, for CoB coated NMC-811 to fully release its long-cycle life performance, it is important to consider electrolyte formulation, and proper storage to optimize the long-cycle life performance of CoB coated NMC-811.
A Comparison of Carbonate-Based and Ether-Based Electrolyte Systems for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Liu Junxiang , Ihuaenyi Salvation , Kuphal Robert , Salinas Jessica , Xie Li , Yang Li , Janakiraman Umamaheswari , Fortier Mary E. , Fang Chengcheng
Published: January 2023

Electrolytes play a critical role in enabling the stable cycling of rechargeable lithium (Li) metal batteries. While carbonate-based and ether-based electrolytes are widely investigated respectively with notably improved electrochemical performances in Li metal batteries, few works have been conducted for systematical understanding and comparison of these two systems. Here, we side-by-side investigated carbonate-based (dimethyl carbonate, DMC) and ether-based (1,2-dimethoxyethane, DME) electrolyte systems in terms of cathodic chemical/electrochemical stabilities, anodic stability, transport properties, Li morphology, Coulombic efficiency, and full cell performances. The experimental results indicate that ether-based electrolyte systems exhibit all-around superior compatibilities with Li metal anode, although the carbonate-based systems can be significantly improved from the commercial baseline by introducing fluorinated co-solvent. The ether-based systems, even at low concentrations, demonstrate acceptable anodic stability when charged to a reasonable cut-off voltage in practical applications. This work sheds light on advanced electrolyte development toward practical Li metal batteries.
Fluorescence and Physical Properties of Tm3+/Ho3+ Co-Doped Tellurite Glasses for Mid-Infrared Laser
Authors: Wang Yameng , Zhang Manman , Sun Yingxin , Zhang Zejian , Li Runfa , Wang Yong , Chen Yuee
Published: January 2023

In this work, a series of Tm3+/Ho3+ co-doped tellurite glasses were successfully prepared by the melt-quenching method. The spectroscopic properties around 2 μm of Tm3+/Ho3+ co-doped tellurite glasses were studied under 808 nm laser excitation. Based on the Judd-Ofelt theory, the phenomenological intensity parameters Ω
t (t = 2, 4, 6) of the Tm3+/Ho3+ co-doped tellurite glasses were calculated. In addition, the emission cross-section and the gain coefficient of Ho3+ were calculated, and the maximum values are 0.76 × 10−20 cm−1 and 1.38 cm−1, respectively. These results portend that the Tm3+/Ho3+ co-doped tellurite glass has excellent spectroscopic properties and attractive laser performance in mid-infrared waveband.
Energy Optimization-Based Clustering Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks and Internet of Things-Survey
Authors: Prasad Vijayendra K. H. , Periyasamy Sasikumar
Published: January 2023

Research on popular themes today is mainly concentrated on cutting-edge home applications made up of Internet of Things gadgets. As its principal means of sensing, wireless sensor networks are a component of the Internet of Things. Tracking and monitoring applications benefit from the use of sensor nodes. Every step in the data collection, processing, and transmission processes carried out by wireless sensor nodes takes energy. Small capacity batteries on the sensor nodes in the networks make charging them frequently impractical. Energy optimization is required for sensor nodes since there is no other option but to replace the nodes. Clustering is a well-known and effective solution to increase the energy efficiency of the sensor nodes among the various routing techniques. The closest route between the cluster head node and the base station is thus determined using routing techniques in order to manage energy.
Encephalo-Arterio-Synangiosis with Cranioplasty after Treatment of Acute Subdural Hematoma Associated with Subcortical Hemorrhage Due to Unilateral Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Kato Naoki , Kakizaki Shota , Hirokawa Yusuke , Michishita Shotaro , Ishii Takuya , Terao Tohru , Murayama Yuichi
Published: January 2023

Moyamoya disease is often diagnosed after intracranial hemorrhage in adult patients. Here, we report a case of unilateral moyamoya disease treated with indirect revascularization combined with cranioplasty after treatment for acute subdural hematoma and subcortical hemorrhage. A middle-aged woman with disturbed consciousness was transferred to our hospital. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an acute subdural hematoma with left temporoparietal subcortical hemorrhage. Three-dimensional CT angiography indicated a scarcely enhanced left middle cerebral artery (MCA) that was suspected to be delayed or nonfilling due to increased intracranial pressure. Subsequently, hematoma evacuation and external decompression were performed. Postoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) revealed stenosis of the left MCA and moyamoya vessels, indicating unilateral moyamoya disease. Forty-five days after the initial procedure, we performed encephalo-arterio-synangiosis (EAS) using the superficial temporal artery simultaneously with cranioplasty for the skull defect. The modified Rankin Scale score of the patient one year after discharge was 1, and the repeat DSA showed good patency of the EAS. Revascularization using EAS in the second step can be an option for revascularization for hemorrhagic moyamoya disease if the patient required cranioplasty for postoperative skull defect after decompressive craniotomy.
Prediction of CI Engine Emissions Fueled with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Doped Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel using Multilayer Neural Network
Authors: Hussain Syed Sameer , Ali Syed Abbas , Bagwan Altaf Hussain , Husain Dilawar , Ahmad Akbar
Published: January 2023

Nanocatalysts play a significant role to improve the thermal and physical properties of biodiesel. In the present work, the multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as an additive with the fraction of 30, 40, and 50 ppm are dispersed with the different biodiesel–diesel blends of 10%, 30%, and 50% of waste cooking oil (WCO)-based biodiesel (B10, B30, B50) for the prediction of four-stroke compression ignition (CI) engine emissions using multilayer neural network (MLNN) model. An MLNN model uses a backpropagation algorithm to map input and output parameters. The input parameters to MLNN are load, blends, and MWCNTs in ppm. On the other hand, the output parameters are HC, CO, and NOx. The results for the optimum topological structure of 3-10-3 denoted mean square error (MSE) equal to 0.095 that are capable of predicting the emissions for different operating conditions. Thereafter, the developed MLNN model is tested on an experimental setup consisting of a single-cylinder four-stroke CI engine and emission analyzer. The emission characteristics predicted by MLNN are called to be nearly experimental measurements with reasonable accuracy as it depicts the good “R” values as 0.95, 0.96, and 0.976 for HC, CO, and NOx, respectively, and also gives the reasonable average relative error values as 0.83%, 1.01%, and 1.05%, for HC, CO, and NOx, respectively. Further, the developed model is suitable for predicting emissions of CI engines, thus minimizing the cost, time, and labor effort.
Fecal Microbiome Does Not Represent Whole Gut Microbiome
Authors: Ahn Ji-Seon , Lkhagva Enkhchimeg , Jung Sunjun , Kim Hyeon-Jin , Chung Hea-Jong , Hong Seong-Tshool
Published: January 2023

The current gut microbiome research relies on the fecal microbiome under the assumption that the fecal microbiome represents the microbiome of the entire gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, there have been growing concerns about using feces as a proxy to study the gut microbiome. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the composition of microbiome and metabolites in the feces and at 14 different locations of GI tracts of genetically homogenous sibling pigs to evaluate the validity of using feces as a proxy to the whole gut microbiome. The composition of intestinal microbes constituting the gut microbiome at each intestinal content and feces and their metabolic compositions were thoroughly investigated through metagenome sequencing and an ultraperformance LC-MS/MS, respectively. The fluctuation in the composition of the microbiome in the stomach and the small intestine became stabilized from the large intestine to feces and was able to be categorized into 3 groups. The taxonomic α-diversities measured by ACE (abundance-based coverage estimator) richness and Shannon diversity indicated that the microbiome in the large intestine was much more diverse than those of the small intestine and feces. The highly independent intestinal microbes in the stomach and the small intestine became flourished in the large intestine and converged into a community with tightly connected networks. β-Diversity analyses by NMDS plots, PCA, and unsupervised hierarchical clustering all showed that the diversities of microbiome compositions were lowest in feces while highest in the large intestine. In accordance with fluctuation of the composition of gut microbiome along with the GI tract, the metabolic composition also completely differed in a location-specific manner along with the GI tract. Comparative analysis of the fecal microbiome and metabolites with those of the whole GI tract indicated that fecal microbiome is insufficient to represent the whole gut microbiome.
Assessing the Impacts of Stay-in-Place Policy of COVID-19 Pandemic during the Chinese Spring Festival: A Stated Preference Approach
Authors: Pan Xiaofeng , Feng Tao , Chen Yanyi
Published: January 2023

This paper aims to investigate Chinese people’s willingness to stay in the city where they work when the Spring Festival meets the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, a stated choice experiment about intercity travel including three homecoming trips (i.e., trips carried by conventional railway, high-speed railways, and private car) and the option “stay in place” was designed. Respondents were requested to choose the most preferred alternative in the context of the current situation of the COVID-19 pandemic and relevant policies. Based on the data collected from 800 respondents, a latent class mixed logit model was developed and estimated to capture the potential correlations within alternatives and respondents and the preference heterogeneity between respondents. Two latent classes were identified, one of which paid more attention to epidemic prevention policies while the other cared more about the characteristics of homecoming trips. Results show that people’s willingness to stay in the city of work is largely dependent on epidemic prevention policies in their hometowns and decisions of social network members.
Theranostic Targeting of CUB Domain–Containing Protein 1 (CDCP1) in Multiple Subtypes of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Chopra Shalini , Trepka Kai , Sakhamuri Sasank , Carretero-González Alberto , Zhu Jun , Egusa Emily , Zhou Jie , Leung Kevin , Zhao Ning , Hooshdaran Nima , Feng Felix Y. , Wells James A. , Chou Jonathan , Evans Michael J.
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

Despite recent approvals for checkpoint inhibitors and antibody–drug conjugates targeting NECTIN4 or TROP2, metastatic bladder cancer remains incurable and new treatment strategies are urgently needed. CUB domain–containing protein 1 (CDCP1) is a cell surface protein and promising drug target for many cancers. This study aimed to determine whether CDCP1 is expressed in bladder cancer and whether CDCP1 can be targeted for treatment with radiolabeled antibodies.

Experimental Design:

CDCP1 expression was evaluated in four bladder cancer datasets (n = 1,047 biopsies). A tissue microarray of primary bladder cancer biopsies was probed for CDCP1 by IHC. CDCP1 expression was evaluated in patient-derived xenografts and cell lysates by immunoblot, flow cytometry, and saturation binding assays. Tumor detection in mouse bladder cancer models was tested using 89Zr-labeled 4A06, a monoclonal antibody targeting the ectodomain of CDCP1. 177Lu-4A06 was applied to mice bearing UMUC3 or HT-1376 xenografts to evaluate antitumor effects (CDCP1 expression in UMUC3 is 10-fold higher than HT-1376).

Results:

CDCP1 was highest in the basal/squamous subtype, and CDCP1 was expressed in 53% of primary biopsies. CDCP1 was not correlated with pathologic or tumor stage, metastatic site, or NECTIN4 and TROP2 at the mRNA or protein level. CDCP1 ranged from 105 to 106 receptors per cell. Mechanism studies showed that RAS signaling induced CDCP1 expression. 89Zr-4A06 PET detected five human bladder cancer xenografts. 177Lu-4A06 inhibited the growth of UMUC3 and HT-1376 xenografts, models with high and moderate CDCP1 expression, respectively.

Conclusions:

These data establish that CDCP1 is expressed in bladder cancer, including TROP2 and NECTIN4-null disease, and suggest that bladder cancer can be treated with CDCP1-targeted radiotherapy.