bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Composites Derived from Modified Loess/Chitosan and Its Adsorption Performance for Methyl Orange
Authors: Hu Haobin , Song Haiyan , Cheng Zhenyu , Wang Yufeng , Zhang Qi , Hu Huaisheng , Zhang Lala
Published: October 2024

A modified loess/chitosan composite (ML@CS) was prepared via solution. The microstructure and physicochemical properties of ML@CS were characterised via scanning electron microscope (SEM), Zeta potential, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). An aqueous solution of methyl orange (MO) was used as simulated wastewater from which the influence of the initial concentration and pH of MO, the dosage amount and regeneration performance of ML@CS, adsorption temperature, and time on the adsorption effect of MO were systematically investigated. The adsorption kinetics, isothermal adsorption, and adsorption mechanism were also analysed. The results indicate that ML@CS had a good adsorption effect on MO. When the initial concentration of MO was 200 mg/L, pH was 5.0, and ML@CS dosage was 1.0 g/L, the adsorption equilibrium could be reached within 180 min at room temperature, and the equilibrium adsorption capacity and removal rate reached 199.52 mg/g and 99.75%, respectively. After five adsorption–desorption cycles, the MO removal rate remained above 82%. The adsorption behaviour of ML@CS for MO conforms to the pseudo–second–order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm adsorption model. The spontaneous exothermic process was mainly controlled by monolayer chemical adsorption and the physical adsorption only played an auxiliary role. ML@CS efficiently adsorbed MO in water and can be used as a high-efficiency, low-cost adsorbent for printing and dyeing wastewater treatment.
Synthesis of Natural Products Using Engineered Plants and Microorganisms
Authors: Wei Yongjun , Qu Lingbo , Ji Xiaojun
Published: October 2024

Microorganisms and plants, particularly medicinal herbs, are abundant sources of diverse natural products, many of which are bioactive molecules with significant pharmaceutical or health benefits, and include artemisinin [...]
Exploring the Presence of Cannabinoids in Hemp-Infused Fermented Milk Drinks: An Analysis of Pre- and Post-Fermentation Levels
Authors: Kanabus Joanna , Bryła Marcin , Kycia Katarzyna , Markowska Joanna , Roszko Marek
Published: October 2024

Yoghurts are the most popular fermented dairy products. Consumer attention is directed towards products containing inputs that enrich the product with bioactive substances. The growing interest in the Cannabis sativa L. plant has resulted in the development of a market for hemp products. The main aim of this research work was to determine the effect of the lactic fermentation process on the stability of cannabinoids in fermented milk beverages containing hemp inputs (hemp oil, dried hemp, ethanolic hemp extract) at 0.5, 1 and 2% (w/v). The effect of the type of hemp input on the technological process (i.e., pH value, viability of LAB during 28 days of storage) was also checked and the sensory quality of the prepared samples was evaluated. It was shown that the choice of type/form and amount of hemp addition influenced the final cannabinoid content of the product after fermentation and post-fermentation, but no effect on the survival of yoghurt bacteria or pH changes during storage was confirmed. Fermented milk drinks containing hemp oil had the highest cannabinoid content. The QDA results of the sensory evaluation of the yoghurts show that the most acceptable product in terms of overall quality is the yoghurt containing 0.5% hemp extract and 2% hemp oil.
Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and ADME-Tox Investigations of Imidazo[1,2-a]Pyrimidines Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Benzenine Djamila , Daoud Ismail , Aissaoui Nadia , Kibou Zahira , Seijas Julio A. , Vázquez-Tato M. Pilar , Ziani-Cherif Chewki , Belarbi Lahcen , Choukchou-Braham Noureddine
Published: October 2024

A convenient and effective synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives has been developed under microwave irradiations using Al2O3 as a catalyst in solvent-free conditions. The functionalized imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives are useful in biochemistry and medical science. In our investigation, the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated against 13 microorganisms, including 6 Gram-positive bacteria, 4 Gram-negative bacteria, and 3 pathogenic fungi. Bioactivity tests revealed that the majority of the compounds exhibited good antimicrobial activity. Finally, molecular docking simulations and ADME-T predictions were performed, showing that the most active compounds have good binding modes with microbial targets and promising pharmacokinetic safety profiles.
Determination of PAH Contamination in Breast Milk Samples from Hungarian Volunteering Mothers, Using HPLC–FLD
Authors: Anditi Bernard Collins , Poór Viktória , Szerencsés Dénes , Szabó István , Wahr Mátyás , Kőnig-Péter Anikó , Dergez Timea
Published: October 2024

(1) The evidence is mounting that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of hazardous organic compounds with established carcinogenic and toxic properties. Humans may be exposed to PAHs through several different routes, including diet, inhalation, and dermal contact. There is also a possibility that they could transfer into breast milk following maternal exposure, which could potentially endanger breastfeeding infants. (2) The objective of this study was to ascertain the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in breast milk samples from 50 Hungarian mothers, employing high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC–FLD). An Incremental Life Risk Calculation (IRCL) model estimated the carcinogenic risk to infants. (3) Total PAH concentrations ranged from 0 to 78 ng/mL, with fluorene (5.3 ng/mL), phenanthrene (3.2 ng/mL), and pyrene (2.5 ng/mL) being the most abundant. PAHs were detected in 48 of the 50 samples, with phenanthrene present in 92% of samples. Dibenzo (a,h)anthracene was not detected. (4) According to the model measurements, most of the samples were within acceptable risk levels; however, 2 samples out of 50 posed a higher risk. Statistical analysis of questionnaires completed by the mothers indicated that factors such as diet, residence, and education may influence PAH levels in breast milk.
Enhancing Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Performance with ZIF-67-Derived Cobalt-Based Electrode Materials
Authors: Young Christine , Liao Zhen-Qi , Li Dong-Rong , Li Pei-Ling , Wang Chen-Yang , Ho Shu-Mei , Chen Chi-Chang
Published: October 2024

Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) have emerged as a promising energy storage solution for stabilizing power grids integrated with renewable energy sources. In this study, we synthesized and evaluated a series of zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) derivatives as electrode materials for VRFBs, aiming to enhance electrochemical performance. Four materials—Co/NC-700, Co/NC-800, Co3O4-350, and Co3O4-450—were prepared through thermal decomposition under different conditions and coated onto graphite felt (GF) electrodes. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses confirmed the structural integrity and distribution of the active materials. Electrochemical evaluations revealed that electrodes with ZIF-67-derived coatings exhibited significantly lower charge transfer resistance (Rct) and higher energy efficiency (EE) compared to uncoated GF electrodes. Co/NC-800//GF delivered the highest energy efficiency and discharge capacity among the tested configurations, maintaining stable performance over 100 charge–discharge cycles. These results indicate that Co/NC-800 holds great potential for use in VRFBs due to its superior electrochemical activity, stability, and scalability.
Preparation of Zeolite A from Ion-Adsorbing Rare Earth Tailings for Selective Adsorption of Pb2+: An Innovative Approach to Waste Valorization
Authors: Huang Qiangwei , Wang Wenbo , Lai Wenhui , Liang Binjun , Xiao Bin , Gu Jihan , Huang Zheyu , Zeng Xiangrong , Liu Hui , Hu Haixiang , Yuan Weiquan
Published: October 2024

Ion-adsorbing rare earth tailings (IRETs) contain a large amount of clay minerals, which are a potential source of silicon and aluminum for the preparation of zeolite materials. The complexity of the tailings’ composition and the impurity composition are the main difficulties in the controllable preparation of zeolite. Herein, IRETs were treated by classification activation technology for the preparation of IRET-ZEO, which was used for the removal of heavy metal Pb2+ in water. A new method of resource utilization of ion-type rare earth tailings is realized by “treating waste with waste”. The results showed that the IRETs were classified and then thermally activated, and the optimal activation parameter was calcination at 850 °C for 1 h. The optimal NaOH concentration used in the crystallization process was 5 mol/L, with a crystallization time of 3 h and a crystallization temperature of 85 °C, and the crystallization product was zeolite A. The removal rate of the Pb2+ solution with an initial concentration of 100 mg/L was as high as 96.7% in an acidic solution with a pH value from 2 to 5.5. In particular, when the solution pH was higher than 4.2, the adsorption rate of Pb2+ was close to 100%. The IRET-ZEO showed a fast adsorption rate (5 min to reach adsorption equilibrium), a large adsorption capacity (378.35 mg/g), excellent acid resistance, and selectivity and regenerability for Pb2+. This work provides a new strategy for the green resource utilization of IRETs and the treatment of lead-containing wastewater.
Unusual Anomalous Hall Effect in Two-Dimensional Ferromagnetic Cr7Te8
Authors: Ma Yifei , Yao Rui , Wu Jingrui , Gao Zhansheng , Luo Feng
Published: October 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) materials with inherent magnetism have attracted considerable attention in the fields of spintronics and condensed matter physics. The anomalous Hall effect (AHE) offers a theoretical foundation for understanding the origins of 2D ferromagnetism (2D-FM) and offers a valuable opportunity for applications in topological electronics. Here, we present uniform and large-size 2D Cr7Te8 nanosheets with varying thicknesses grown using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The 2D Cr7Te8 nanosheets with robust perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, even a few layers deep, exhibit a Curie temperature (TC) ranging from 180 to 270 K according to the varying thickness of Cr7Te8. Moreover, we observed a temperature-induced reversal in the sign of the anomalous Hall resistance, correlating with changes in the intrinsic Berry curvature. Additionally, the topological Hall effect (THE) observed at low temperatures suggests the presence of non-trivial spin chirality. Our findings about topologically non-trivial magnetic spin states in 2D ferromagnets provide a promising opportunity for new designs in magnetic memory spintronics.
Ferulic Acid Interferes with Radioactive Intestinal Injury Through the DJ-1-Nrf2 and Sirt1-NF-κB-NLRP3 Pathways
Authors: Zhang Xuemei , Zhang Haoyu , Huang Mingyue , Mei Yu , Hu Changkun , Huang Congshu , Zhang Huiting , Wei Xue , Gao Yue , Ma Zengchun
Published: October 2024

Radiation-induced intestinal injury is a common complication of radiotherapy for abdominal and pelvic malignancies. Due to its rapid proliferation, the small intestine is particularly sensitive to radiation, making it a critical factor limiting treatment. Ferulic acid (FA), a derivative of cinnamic acid, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-radiation properties. In this study, we established a mouse model of radiation-induced intestinal injury using a dose of 11 Gy at a rate of 96.62 cGy/min. Our findings indicate that FA’s protective effects against radiation-induced intestinal injury may be mediated through the parkinsonism-associated deglycase (DJ-1) nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Sirt1) nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3). FA was found to mitigate changes in oxidative stress indices and inflammatory factors induced by radiation, as well as to attenuate radiation-induced pathological alterations in the small intestine. Furthermore, FA enhanced the expression of DJ-1 and Nrf2 at both the transcriptional and protein levels, inhibited NLRP3 protein fluorescence intensity, and reduced the expression of NLRP3, interleukin-18 (IL-18), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Additionally, FA suppressed the transcription and translation of NF-κB, NLRP3, cysteine-aspartic acid protease-1 (Caspase-1), IL-18, and IL-1β by upregulating Sirt1, thereby alleviating radiation-induced inflammatory injury in the small intestine. Thus, FA holds promise as an effective therapeutic agent for ameliorating radiation-induced intestinal injury.
Synthesis, Electrochemistry and Density Functional Theory of Osmium(II) Containing Different 2,2′:6′,2″-Terpyridines
Authors: Mateyise Nandisiwe G. S. , Conradie Marrigje M. , Conradie Jeanet
Published: October 2024

In coordination chemistry, 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine is a versatile and extensively studied tridentate ligand. Terpyridine forms stable complexes with a variety of metal ions through coordination sites provided by the three nitrogen atoms in its pyridine rings. This paper presents an electrochemical study on various bis(terpyridine)osmium(II) complexes, addressing the absence of a systematic investigation into their redox behavior. Additionally, a computational chemistry analysis was conducted on these complexes, as well as on eight previously studied osmium(II)-bipyridine and -phenanthroline complexes, to expand both the experimental and theoretical understanding. The experimental redox potentials, Hammett constants, and DFT-calculated energies show linear correlations due to the electron-donating or electron-withdrawing nature of the substituents, as described by the Hammett constants. These substituent effects cause shifts to lower or higher redox potentials, respectively.
The Antifungal Effects of Berberine and Its Proposed Mechanism of Action Through CYP51 Inhibition, as Predicted by Molecular Docking and Binding Analysis
Authors: Zhang Chao-Wei , Huang Dong-Yu , Rajoka Muhammad Shahid Riaz , Wu Yan , He Zhen-Dan , Ye Liang , Wang Yan , Song Xun
Published: October 2024

Fungal infections present a significant health risk, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Berberine, a natural isoquinoline alkaloid, has demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, though its antifungal potential and underlying mechanisms against both yeast-like and filamentous fungi are not fully understood. This study investigates the antifungal efficacy of berberine against Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes in vitro, as well as its therapeutic potential in a murine model of cryptococcal infection. Berberine showed strong antifungal activity, with MIC values ranging from 64 to 128 µg/mL. SEM and TEM analyses revealed that berberine induced notable disruptions to the cell wall and membrane in C. neoformans. No signs of cell necrosis or apoptosis were observed in fungal cells treated with 2 × MIC berberine, and it did not increase intracellular ROS levels or affect mitochondrial membrane potential. Molecular docking and binding affinity assays demonstrated a strong interaction between berberine and the fungal enzyme CYP51, with a dissociation constant (KD) of less than 1 × 10−12 M, suggesting potent inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis. In vivo studies further showed that berberine promoted healing in guinea pigs infected with T. mentagrophytes, and in a murine cryptococcal infection model, it prolonged survival and reduced lung inflammation, showing comparable efficacy to fluconazole. These findings indicate that berberine exerts broad-spectrum antifungal effects through membrane disruption and CYP51 inhibition, highlighting its potential as a promising therapeutic option for fungal infections.
Antimicrobial Potential of Scorpion-Venom-Derived Peptides
Authors: Xia Zhiqiang , Xie Lixia , Li Bing , Lv Xiangyun , Zhang Hongzhou , Cao Zhijian
Published: October 2024

The frequent and irrational use of antibiotics by humans has led to the escalating rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with a high rate of morbidity-mortality worldwide, which poses a challenge to the development of effective treatments. A large number of host defense peptides from different organisms have gained interest due to their broad antibacterial spectrum, rapid action, and low target resistance, implying that these natural sources might be a new alternative to antimicrobial drugs. As important effectors of prey capture, defense against other animal attacks, and competitor deterrence, scorpion venoms have been developed as important candidate sources for modern drug development. With the rapid progress of bioanalytical and high throughput sequencing techniques, more and more scorpion-venom-derived peptides, including disulfide-bridged peptides (DBPs) and non-disulfide-bridged peptides (NDBPs), have been recently identified as having massive pharmacological activities in channelopathies, pathogen infections, and cancer treatments. In this review, we summarize the molecular diversity and corresponding structural classification of scorpion venom peptides with antibacterial, antifungal, and/or antiparasitic activity. We also aim to improve the understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which scorpion-venom-derived peptides exert these antimicrobial functions, and finally highlight their key aspects and prospects for antimicrobial therapeutic or pharmaceutical application.
20 (S)-Protopanaxadiol Alleviates DRP1-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a Depressive Model In Vitro and In Vivo via the SIRT1/PGC-1α Signaling Pathway
Authors: Guo Pengli , Wang Zixian , Sun Li , He Zhongmei , Li Jianming , Geng Jianan , Zong Ying , Chen Weijia , Du Rui
Published: October 2024

Depression is a complex and common mental illness affecting physical and psychological health. Panax ginseng C. A. Mey is a traditional Chinese medicine with abundant pharmacological activity and applications in regulating mood disorders. 20 (S)-Protopanaxadiol is the major intestinal metabolite of ginsenoside and one of the active components in ginseng. In this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of 20 (S)-Protopanaxadiol on neuronal damage and depression, which may involve mitochondrial dynamics. However, the mechanism underlying the antidepressant effects of 20 (S)-Protopanaxadiol is unelucidated. In the present study, we investigated the potential mechanisms underlying the antidepressant activity of 20 (S)-Protopanaxadiol by employing a corticosterone-induced HT22 cellular model and a chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS)-induced animal model in combination with a network pharmacology approach. In vitro, the results showed that 20 (S)-Protopanaxadiol ameliorated the corticosterone (CORT)-induced decrease in HT22 cell viability, decrease in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels, and increase in nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Furthermore, 20 (S)-Protopanaxadiol exerted improvement effects on the CORT-induced increase in HT22 cell mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis. In vivo, the results showed that 20 (S)-Protopanaxadiol ameliorated depressive symptoms and hippocampal neuronal damage in CUMS mice, and sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-1-Alpha (PGC-1α) activity were activated in the hippocampus of mice, thereby alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction and promoting the clearance of damaged mitochondria. In both in vivo and in vitro models, after inhibiting SIRT1 expression, the protective effect of 20 (S)-Protopanaxadiol on mitochondria was significantly weakened, and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1)-mediated mitochondrial division was significantly reduced. These findings suggest that 20 (S)-Protopanaxadiol may exert neuroprotective and antidepressant effects by attenuating DRP1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis by modulating the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway.
Plasmonics Meets Perovskite Photovoltaics: Innovations and Challenges in Boosting Efficiency
Authors: Wang Chen , Wang Xiaodan , Luo Bin , Shi Xiaohao , Shen Xiangqian
Published: October 2024

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered immense attention in recent years due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties and cost-effective fabrication methods, establishing them as promising candidates for next-generation photovoltaic technologies. Among the diverse strategies aimed at enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs, the incorporation of plasmonic nanoparticles has emerged as a pioneering approach. This review summarizes the latest research advancements in the utilization of plasmonic nanoparticles to enhance the performance of PSCs. We delve into the fundamental principles of plasmonic resonance and its interaction with perovskite materials, highlighting how localized surface plasmons can effectively broaden light absorption, facilitate hot-electron transfer (HET), and optimize charge separation dynamics. Recent strategies, including the design of tailored metal nanoparticles (MNPs), gratings, and hybrid plasmonic–photonic architectures, are critically evaluated for their efficacy in enhancing light trapping, increasing photocurrent, and mitigating charge recombination. Additionally, this review addresses the challenges associated with the integration of plasmonic elements into PSCs, including issues of scalability, compatibility, and cost-effectiveness. Finally, the review provides insights into future research directions aimed at advancing the field, thereby paving the way for next-generation, high-performance perovskite-based photovoltaic technologies.
Investigating Charge-Induced Transformations of Metal Nanoparticles in a Radically-Inert Liquid: A Liquid-Cell TEM Study
Authors: Koo Kunmo , Seo Jong Hyeok , Lee Joohyun , Lee Sooheyong , Kwon Ji-Hwan
Published: October 2024

We present a novel in situ liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM) approach to study the behavior of metal nanoparticles under high-energy electron irradiation. By utilizing a radically-inert liquid environment, we aim to minimize radiolysis effects and explore the influence of charge-induced transformations. We observed complex dynamics in nanoparticle behavior, including morphological changes and transitions between amorphous and crystalline states. These transformations are attributed to the delicate interplay between charge accumulation on the nanoparticles and enhanced radiolysis, suggesting a significant role for charge-assisted processes in nanoparticle evolution. Our findings provide valuable insights into the fundamental mechanisms driving nanoparticle behavior at the nanoscale and demonstrate the potential of liquid-cell TEM for studying complex physicochemical processes in controlled environments.
Atomic Fabrication of 2D Materials Using Electron Beams Inside an Electron Microscope
Authors: Zhou Mingrui , Zhang Wei , Sun Jinyi , Chu Fuqiang , Dong Guocai , Nie Meng , Xu Tao , Sun Litao
Published: October 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have garnered increasing attention due to their unusual properties and significant potential applications in electronic devices. However, the performance of these devices is closely related to the atomic structure of the material, which can be influenced through manipulation and fabrication at the atomic scale. Transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) and scanning TEMs (STEMs) provide an attractive platform for investigating atomic fabrication due to their ability to trigger and monitor structural evolution at the atomic scale using electron beams. Furthermore, the accuracy and consistency of atomic fabrication can be enhanced with an automated approach. In this paper, we briefly introduce the effect of electron beam irradiation and then discuss the atomic structure evolution that it can induced. Subsequently, the use of electron beams for achieving desired structures and patterns in a controllable manner is reviewed. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of atomic fabrication on 2D materials inside an electron microscope are discussed.
Functional Outcomes After Decompressive Surgery in Patients with Malignant Space-Occupying Cerebellar Infarction
Authors: Baki Enayatullah , Baumgart Lea , Kehl Victoria , Hess Felix , Wolff Andreas Wolfgang , Wagner Arthur , Hernandez Petzsche Moritz Roman , Boeckh-Behrens Tobias , Hemmer Bernhard , Meyer Bernhard , Gempt Jens , Wunderlich Silke
Published: October 2024

Background and Purpose: Decompressive surgery is a potentially life-saving treatment in patients with malignant space-occupying cerebellar infarction. However, there is only limited literature on functional outcomes and complications after surgery. Our aim was to establish markers which predict poor outcome. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data of all patients who underwent surgery due to malignant swelling of a space-occupying cerebellar infarction in our hospital between 2005 and 2023. Statistical analyses were conducted on multiple parameters to identify predictors of poor functional outcome (mRS 4–6) 90 days after surgery. Complications during hospitalization were reviewed for each patient. Results: In total, 58 patients received decompressive surgery. The 90-day mortality rate was 27.6% (n = 16). A good functional outcome (mRS 0–3) 90 days after surgery was achieved in 24 patients (41.4%). Multivariable analysis revealed multiple factors associated with a poor outcome on day 90 (mRS 4–6): a higher premorbid mRS score (OR 2.715 [95% CI, 1.166–6.323]; p = 0.021), higher NIHSS score on admission (OR 1.088 [95% CI, 1.014, 1.168]; p = 0.019) and the presence of an additional brainstem infarction (OR 7.035, [95% CI, 1.255, 39.424], p = 0.027). Hyperactive delirium was associated with good clinical outcome (OR 0.020 [95%CI, 0.001–0.623]; p = 0.026). Aspiration pneumonia (n = 22, 37.9%), urinary tract infection (n = 15, 25.9%), and hyperactive delirium (n = 8, 13.8%) were the most common complications during hospitalization. Conclusions: Decompressive surgery is a safe, life-saving treatment for malignant space-occupying cerebellar infarction. Higher premorbid mRS, higher NIHSS score on admission and the presence of brainstem infarction are associated with a poor functional outcome.
Gluten Unraveled: Latest Insights on Terminology, Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, Dietary Strategies, and Intestinal Microbiota Modulations—A Decade in Review
Authors: Stanciu Dana , Staykov Hristian , Dragomanova Stela , Tancheva Lyubka , Pop Radu , Ielciu Irina , Crișan Gianina
Published: October 2024

A decade of research on gluten-related disorders (GRDs) is reviewed in this study, with a particular emphasis on celiac disease (CD) and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). GRDs are triggered by the ingestion of gluten and gluten-like proteins found in wheat, barley, and rye. These proteins lead to intestinal damage in celiac disease, an autoimmune condition characterized by villous atrophy and a variety of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms. More enigmatic and less understood, NCGS involves symptoms similar to CD but without the immunological reaction or intestinal damage. Recent years have seen advances in the understanding of GRDs, particularly in connection to how intestinal microbiota influences disease progression and patient outcomes. The gluten-free diet (GFD) is still the standard therapy recommended for GRDs despite significant challenges, as discussed in this article. Precise diagnostic methods, patient education and dietary counseling are critical for improving patients’ quality of life. The purpose of this review is to provide a more clear and up-to-date understanding of GRDs, and to help further research on this important topic.
Dietary Patterns of Healthy Underweight Individuals Compared to Normal-BMI Individuals Using Photographic Food Diaries
Authors: Yu Ying , Zhang Zhengjie , Gao Xinrui , Hu Sumei , Speakman John R.
Published: October 2024

Background: Previously, we found that healthy underweight (HU) subjects, with BMI < 18.5, eat about 12% less food (by calories) each day. It is presently unclear whether this lower intake is associated with them making food choices that provide high satiation and satiety. Methods: Using 7-day photographic records of food intake, we analyzed 52 HU and 50 normal-weight participants. Results: We included 52 HU and 50 normal-weight participants in the final analysis. HU individuals ate 25% fewer calories than normal-weight individuals. Their intake included a higher % of rice (p = 0.0013) and vegetables (p = 0.0006) and a lower % of livestock meat (p = 0.0007), poultry meat (p < 0.0001), and starchy roots (p = 0.0015), compared with the normal-weight population. The percent energy from carbohydrates was significantly higher (p = 0.0234), and the % energy from fat was significantly lower (p < 0.0001) in the HU group, with no difference in the % energy from protein. HU individuals sourced more of their protein from plants. Dietary patterns were grouped into three clusters, with 24 individuals grouped into cluster 1 (87.5% normal-weight population), 28 individuals into cluster 2 (64.3% normal-weight group), and 50 individuals into cluster 3 (78% HU group). Conclusions: The HU group ate less overall and had proportionally more rice and vegetables and less poultry and livestock meat, starchy roots, and drinks. With respect to macronutrients, they also ate a greater % carbohydrates and less % fat, and they sourced more of their protein intake from plant sources. HU individuals did not follow a low-carbohydrate lifestyle.
Insights in Nutrition to Optimize Type 1 Diabetes Therapy
Authors: Cadario Francesco
Published: October 2024

Nutrition is an essential part of therapy for type 1 diabetes and is constantly evolving, offering growing opportunities to prevent this disease, slow down its evolution, and mitigate it. An attempt was made to bring together the current state of knowledge. In the path from the preclinical phase of the disease to its clinical onset, there is a phase known as the “honeymoon period” or partial remission, where different possible dietary options for combatting this disease have been presented. The most commonly used dietary models were compared, and the most frequent co-existing pathologies, such as overweight, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, celiac disease, and metabolic instability, were addressed from their nutritional and dietary perspectives to provide clinicians with an updated framework of knowledge and support researchers in further investigations into the topic. Finally, a glimpse into the possible interplay between nutrition and the gut microbiome, food security, and ultra-processed food is provided. It is hoped that clinicians treating people with type 1 diabetes will be provided with further opportunities for the daily management of their patients through personalized nutrition.
Social Determinants of Health, Diet, and Health Outcome
Authors: Jiao Li
Published: October 2024

This Special Issue delves into the intricate relationship between social determinants of health (SDOHs), diet, and health outcomes through 13 articles authored by scholars from 10 countries across five continents [...]
Eudermic Properties and Chemical–Physical Characterization of Honeys of Different Botanical Origin
Authors: Miraldi Elisabetta , Cappellucci Giorgio , Del Casino Cecilia , Giordano Emanuele , Guarnieri Massimo , Nepi Massimo , Biagi Marco , Baini Giulia
Published: October 2024

Background: Honey is a natural product that, thanks to its composition, particularly the high sugar content, is highly appreciated as an energy nourishment. In addition to sugars, it contains many other substances (carbohydrates, free amino acids, enzymatic proteins, organic acids, polyphenols) from which the therapeutic properties of honey arise: hydrating and osmotic activity, antimicrobial action, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory power. Objectives: The present work aims to deepen our knowledge/understanding of the activity of skin protection exerted by honey, as a synergic result of its multiple therapeutic effects. Moreover, this study wants to find possible correlations between biological properties and the chemical–physical traits of honey. Methods: To carry out this research, five varieties of citrus honey, one of acacia honey, one of chestnut honey, and one of multifloral honey were used. The honeys were first characterized by chemical–physical analysis and then were subjected to qualitative melissopalynological analysis. Tests were also carried out to evaluate both their antioxidant power and the effect on collagenase, an enzyme involved in the degradation of collagen present in the extracellular matrix and, therefore, in the processes of skin aging. Finally, honey samples were then used in in vitro experiments to assess their action in stimulating cell viability and proliferation on human keratinocytes. Results: Chemical–physical analysis demonstrated a good water content (about 17%), an important sugar content (with the monosaccharides glucose and fructose being the most represented in all the honey samples), various amino acids (with proline remarkably being the highest in all honeys), and a high concentration of polyphenols and total flavonoids (the maximum in chestnut honey, 762 mg/kg and 514 mg/kg, respectively). Conclusions The results obtained in this work confirm the ethnopharmacological use of honey in wound care, bring new scientific knowledge on the use of honey in dermatology, and highlight two fields of excellence, particularly incitrus and chestnut honey.
Is Serum Vitamin D Associated with Depression or Anxiety in Ante- and Postnatal Adult Women? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Authors: Centeno Luis Otávio Lobo , Fernandez Matheus dos Santos , Muniz Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes , Longoni Aline , de Assis Adriano Martimbianco
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: To collect evidence from studies that explored the associations between serum vitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations/status and the presence of depressive/anxiety symptoms in the ante- and/or postnatal periods (PROSPERO-CRD42023390895). Methods: Studies that assessed serum 25[OH]D concentrations in adult women during the ante/postnatal periods and those that used valid instruments to identify the experience/severity of depressive/anxiety symptoms were included. Independent researchers performed the identification/selection of studies, data extraction, risk of bias (RoB) assessment, and bibliometric analysis steps. Results: Of the total of 6769 eligible records, 15 cohort studies [high (n = 3), moderate (n = 7), and low (n = 5) RoB], nine cross-sectional studies [moderate (n = 3) and low (n = 6) RoB], and one case-control study [moderate RoB] were included (n = 25). Depression (n = 24) and anxiety (n = 4) symptoms were assessed. A significant difference in antenatal serum 25[OH]D concentrations between the groups of women with and without depression was identified (mean difference: −4.63 ng/mL; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: −8.88; −0.38). Postnatal serum 25[OH]D concentrations were found to be, on average, −2.36 ng/mL (95% CI: −4.59; −0.14) lower in women with postnatal depression than in those without. Maternal antenatal anxiety was associated with significantly lower concentrations/deficiency of 25[OH]D in only one included study. Conclusions: Based on very low/low-quality evidence, it was observed that reduced serum 25[OH]D concentrations in the ante- and postnatal period are associated with the presence of ante- and postnatal depressive symptoms, respectively. Low/deficient antenatal serum 25[OH]D concentrations may not be related to the presence of anxiety symptoms before childbirth. Well-designed longitudinal studies are needed to explore the estimated pooled effect of these associations.
Effect of Whole Blood Dietary Mineral Concentrations on Erythrocytes: Selenium, Manganese, and Chromium: NHANES Data
Authors: Costa Arthur , Sias Rebecca , Fuchs Sandra
Published: October 2024

Background: Selenium (Se), Manganese (Mn), and Chromium (Cr) are dietary minerals ingested from specific grains, vegetables, and animal meats. Prior research showed that these minerals affect animal erythrocyte health but have unknown effects on human red blood cells (RBCs) and hematology. This study evaluated the effects of these dietary minerals on RBC count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 23,844 American participants from the 2015–2016 and 2017–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We evaluated sex, age, ethnicity, education, income, and smoking status as covariates. Linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the effect of Cr, Se, and Mn on RBC count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin levels. We employed subpopulation-exclusion regressions further to explore the distinct effects of mineral elevation and deficiency. Additional analyses were performed to examine the relationship between Mn and RBC hemoglobin, RBC distribution width, transferrin receptor concentrations, transferrin saturation, and serum iron levels to support the interpretation of our findings. Optimizable ensemble machine learning models were used to corroborate regression results. Results: Adjusting for covariates, Cr was inversely associated with RBC count (Exp(b) = 0.954), hemoglobin (Exp(b) = 0.868), and hematocrit (Exp(b) = 0.668). Conversely, Se was positively associated with RBC count (Exp(b) = 1.003), hemoglobin (Exp(b) = 1.012), and hematocrit (Exp(b) = 1.032). Mn was positively associated with RBC count (Exp(b) = 1.020) but inversely associated with hemoglobin (Exp(b) = 0.945) and hematocrit (Exp(b) = 0.891). Conclusions: Cr was harmful to RBC health in all subpopulations, whereas Se was protective. Mn appears to contribute to the development of microcytic anemia, but only in subjects with clinically elevated Mn levels. Thus, excessive consumption of foods and supplements rich in Cr and Mn may harm human erythrocyte health and hematology.
Hepatitis B Vaccination, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Sample of Greek Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Statiri Anastasia , Adamakidou Theodoula , Govina Ourania , Margari Nikoletta , Vlachou Eugenia , Dokoutsidou Eleni
Published: October 2024

Background: Nursing students share their study time between clinical and university environments, and due to their clinical training, are at increased risk of contracting the hepatitis B virus (HBV). This study investigated the vaccination coverage, knowledge, attitudes, and practices of nursing students regarding HBV in Greece. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2022 to July 2023, using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire, with informed consent obtained from each participant. Results: A total of 1261 nursing students from University Institutions of the Attica region participated in the convenience sampling. The response rate of the nursing students was 68.6%. A total of 27.7% of the sample was fully vaccinated against HBV. The reasons for not accepting the vaccine were not found to be related to participants’ level of knowledge or attitudes (p > 0.05). The knowledge score ranged from 0% to 96.9%, with a mean of 62.2% (SD = 17.0%). Multivariate linear regression showed that longer year of nursing education was associated with better practices and attitudes towards HBV (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The emergence of low vaccination coverage of nursing students against HBV identifies the need for departments of nursing studies to proceed in the development of educational and intervention programs on infection control. This study was not registered.
Unite and Conquer: Association of Two G-Quadruplex Aptamers Provides Antiproliferative and Antimigration Activity for Cells from High-Grade Glioma Patients
Authors: Pavlova Svetlana , Fab Lika , Dzarieva Fatima , Ryabova Anastasia , Revishchin Alexander , Panteleev Dmitriy , Antipova Olga , Usachev Dmitry , Kopylov Alexey , Pavlova Galina
Published: October 2024

Background: High-grade gliomas remain a virtually incurable form of brain cancer. Current therapies are unable to completely eradicate the tumor, and the tumor cells that survive chemotherapy or radiation therapy often become more aggressive and resistant to further treatment, leading to inevitable relapses. While the antiproliferative effects of new therapeutic molecules are typically the primary focus of research, less attention is given to their influence on tumor cell migratory activity, which can play a significant role in recurrence. A potential solution may lie in the synergistic effects of multiple drugs on the tumor. Objectives: In this study, we investigated the effect of combined exposure to bi-(AID-1-T), an anti-proliferative aptamer, and its analog bi-(AID-1-C), on the migratory activity of human GBM cells. Results: We examined the effects of various sequences of adding bi-(AID-1-T) and bi-(AID-1-C) on five human GBM cell cultures. Our findings indicate that certain sequences significantly reduced the ability of tumor cells to migrate and proliferate. Additionally, the expression of Nestin, PARP1, L1CAM, Caveolin-1, and c-Myc was downregulated in human GBM cells that survived exposure, suggesting that the treatment had a persistent antitumor effect on these cells.
Cannabidiol (CBD): A Systematic Review of Clinical and Preclinical Evidence in the Treatment of Pain
Authors: Cásedas Guillermo , Yarza-Sancho Martín de , López Víctor
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Cannabis sativa L. is a plant that has been used for thousands of years for its industrial and medicinal properties. In recent years, there has been a rise in the study of this plant due to its bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical applications. Particularly, cannabidiol has demonstrated analgesic and non-psychoactive properties. The objective of this systematic review is to update and to gather the clinical and preclinical evidence on CBD in pain treatment. Methods: This study was performed following the PRISMA guidelines and using the following search terms “((cannabidiol) NOT (THC)) NOT (tetrahydrocannabinol)) AND (pain treatment)” in PubMed and Web of Science, with the following inclusion criteria: CBD pain treatment without THC in monotherapy, including both clinical and preclinical trials. From the initial sample of more than 500 articles, a total of 40 studies were selected, eliminating duplicate studies from the databases and considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. On one hand, clinical trials were analyzed using CBD products without THC used in monotherapy, assigning a Jadad score to evaluate the quality/bias of the trials; on the other hand, the main preclinical trials were analyzed, grouping the results into in vivo and in vitro trials. Results: Based on the review conducted, there is sufficient clinical and preclinical evidence of CBD in pain treatment, so CBD could be an effective and safe treatment in reducing pain due to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. These effects appear to be primarily mediated by the activation of TRPV-1, 5HT-1A, and CB1, with emerging therapeutic relevance in the management of osteoarthritis and chronic pain. Conclusions: Although clinical and preclinical research show promising results, clinical evidence is limited, and more studies should be performed in the future with isolated CBD.
Evaluation of Selected Plant Phenolics via Beta-Secretase-1 Inhibition, Molecular Docking, and Gene Expression Related to Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Uçar Akyürek Tugba , Orhan Ilkay Erdogan , Şenol Deniz F. Sezer , Eren Gokcen , Acar Busra , Sen Alaattin
Published: October 2024

Background: The goal of the current study was to investigate the inhibitory activity of six phenolic compounds, i.e., rosmarinic acid, gallic acid, oleuropein, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), 3-hydroxytyrosol, and quercetin, against β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1), also known as β-secretase or memapsin 2, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods and Results: The inhibitory potential against BACE1, molecular docking simulations, as well as neurotoxicity and the effect on the AD-related gene expression of the selected phenolics were tested. BACE1 inhibitory activity was carried out using the ELISA microplate assay via fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technology. Molecular docking experiments were performed in the human BACE1 active site (PDB code: 2WJO). Neurotoxicity of the compounds was carried out in SH-SY5Y, a human neuroblastoma cell line, by the Alamar Blue method. A gene expression analysis of the compounds on fourteen genes linked to AD was conducted using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Rosmarinic acid, EGCG, oleuropein, and quercetin (also used as the reference) were able to inhibit BACE1 with their respective IC50 values 4.06 ± 0.68, 1.62 ± 0.12, 9.87 ± 1.01, and 3.16 ± 0.30 mM. The inhibitory compounds were observed to occupy the non-catalytic site of the BACE1. However, hydrogen bonds were found to be present between rosmarinic acid and EGCG and aspartic amino acid D228 in the catalytic site. Oleuropein and quercetin effectively suppressed the expression of PSEN, APOE, and CLU, which are recognized to be linked to the pathogenesis of AD. Conclusions: The outcomes of the work bring quercetin, EGCG, and rosmarinic acid to the forefront as promising BACE1 inhibitors.