bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Fe/SiBr/Si₃N₄/silica fume nanocomposites from recycled metal waste for industrial applications
Authors: Taha Mohammed A. , Gad S. A. , Youness Rasha A.
Published: January 2025

Due to the high cost of raw materials, this work aims to benefit from metal waste, especially iron (Fe) and silicon bronze, which results from turning workshops and recycling them to obtain nanocomposites for industrial applications. In this respect, Fe/SiBr/Si3N4/silica fume nanocomposites possessing superior mechanical, wear, and magnetic characteristics have been produced using powder metallurgy (PM) technology. Milled sample particle size, crystal size, and phase composition were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The powders were compressed and sintered in argon to get excellent sinterability. The sintered nanocomposites’ physical, mechanical, wear, electrical, and magnetic properties were investigated. The microstructure was also examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The results showed a noticeable decrease in the size of particles and crystallite size after adding reinforcements, reaching 22 nm for the sample improved with 5 vol% silica fume and 5 vol% Si3N4 (FS4). In addition, after adding reinforcements, there was a clear improvement in the microhardness, Young’s modulus, and wear rate of Fe-SiBr, reaching 58, 27.89, and 43.21% percent for the sample FS4. Adding reinforcements harms the electrical conductivity of Fe-SiBr, as it decreases to 8.64 × 106 S/m for the same previous sample. Finally, adding reinforcements slightly affects the decrease in magnetization of the nanocomposites.
Endoscopic endonasal approach for pituitary neuroendocrine tumor with septal mucosa incision tailored to tumor extension intending unilateral septal mucosa preservation
Authors: Kino Hiroyoshi , Akutsu Hiroyoshi , Tanaka Shuho , Hara Takuma , Morinaga Yusuke , Miyamoto Hidetaka , Ii Rieko , Osawa Koutarou , Ishikawa Eiichi
Published: January 2025

Currently, the direct endonasal approach is widely used in endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) for pituitary neuroendocrine tumor. However, a large posterior septal perforation is inevitable. We routinely utilize a modified para/transseptal approach using the combination of a Killian and a contralateral rescue flap incision (PTSA with K-R incision). Especially, rescue flap incision is used on ipsilateral side of the tumor extension to facilitate lateral expansion of the anterior sphenoidotomy and tumor resection. One hundred eighty-nine patients underwent EES using PTSA with K-R incision in Tsukuba university hospital. Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 146 (77.2%) patients. Even in cases of significant lateral tumor extension (Knosp 3 or 4), GTR was achieved in 56 of 90 (62.2%) patients. Among the 168 patients with available rhinological follow-up data, postoperative anterior and posterior septal perforation occurred in six (3.6%) and 18 (10.7%) patients, respectively. Surgical intervention was required in one (0.6%) patient with anterior septal perforation. Thus, PTSA with K-R incision was effective in preserving the nasal septal mucosa on one side and gaining a sufficient surgical corridor with lateral expansion of the anterior sphenoidotomy on the other side. Our strategy may be preferable to improve maneuverability of instruments during tumor resection.
Understanding system interdependencies in sustainable paper production from residue grass biomass: Insights from fuzzy cognitive mapping
Authors: Ding Zhengqiu , Grundmann Philipp
Published: January 2025

This research investigates the pulp and paper industry's transition to sustainability by valorizing unused roadside and natural grasses for paper production. Large-scale production from residual grass poses multifaceted challenges, requiring collaboration across stakeholders, from biomass collection to manufacturing. To understand key drivers and barriers within this complex system, experts from various fields, including local farmers, researchers, policymakers, and industry executives were interviewed, leading to the development of a Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM). The analysis explores various scenarios to assess how socio-economic, technological, and political factors influence the transition to low-carbon practices. These scenarios highlight the effects of varying levels of technology development, economic conditions, and policy support on the transition's progress and outcomes. Results show that the system is highly sensitive to shifts in socio-economic and political conditions. Political interventions play a crucial role, especially during energy crises and increased public demand for sustainable solutions. Grass-based paper production is seen as a viable pathway, but challenges such as the economic feasibility of emerging technologies remain. We recommend targeted policies to improve the economic viability of grass-based products and optimize biomass allocation between energy and bio-based products, ensuring a more balanced and sustainable transition.
A Parametric study on the effects of winglet cant angle on wing aerodynamics and aeroacoustics
Authors: Vaezi Erfan , Madani S. Amirreza S. , Keshmiri Amir
Published: January 2025

The use of winglet devices is an efficient technique for enhancing aerodynamic performance. This study investigates the effects of winglet cant angles on both the aerodynamics and aeroacoustics of a commercial wing, comparing them to other significant parameters using a parametric analysis. A Full Factorial Design method is employed to generate a matrix of experiments, facilitating a detailed exploration of flow physics, with lift-to-drag ratio (L/D) and the integral of Acoustic Power Level (APL) as the primary representatives of aerodynamic and acoustic performance, respectively. The RANS formulation, along with the $$k{-}\epsilon$$ Realizable model and the Broadband Noise Source (BNS) model, are utilized to accurately simulate subsonic flows numerically. The study begins by examining the pressure coefficient ($$C_p$$) and APL distributions at various cant angles near the wingtip and root areas. The matrix of experiments is then analyzed to identify the most influential parameters based on the main effects of inputs and their two-way interactions. The results demonstrate that variations in winglet cant angle significantly alter the distribution of $$C_p$$ and APL along the span, particularly near the wingtip, and that cant angle strongly impacts overall performance, at times even outweighing atmospheric parameters such as pressure and temperature.
The impact of labeling automotive AI as trustworthy or reliable on user evaluation and technology acceptance
Authors: Dorsch John , Deroy Ophelia
Published: January 2025

This study explores whether labeling AI as either “trustworthy” or “reliable” influences user perceptions and acceptance of automotive AI technologies. Utilizing a one-way between-subjects design, the research presented online participants (N = 478) with a text presenting guidelines for either trustworthy or reliable AI, before asking them to evaluate 3 vignette scenarios and fill in a modified version of the Technology Acceptance Model which covers different variables, such as perceived ease of use, human-like trust, and overall attitude. While labeling AI as “trustworthy” did not significantly influence people’s judgements on specific scenarios, it increased perceived ease of use and human-like trust, namely benevolence, suggesting a facilitating influence on usability and an anthropomorphic effect on user perceptions. The study provides insights into how specific labels affect adopting certain perceptions of AI technology.
Inhibition of skin fibrosis via regulation of Th17/Treg imbalance in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Sekiguchi Akiko , Shimokawa Chikako , Kato Tamotsu , Uchiyama Akihiko , Yokoyama Yoko , Ogino Sachiko , Torii Ryoko , Hisaeda Hajime , Ohno Hiroshi , Motegi Sei-ichiro
Published: January 2025

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an idiopathic systemic connective tissue disorder characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs, with growing interest in the imbalance between Th17 cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the disease’s pathogenesis. Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Hp), a natural intestinal parasite of mice, is known to induce Tregs in the host. We aimed to investigate the effects of Hp-induced Tregs on bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis and clarify the role of the Th17/Treg balance in SSc fibrosis. Infection with Hp suppressed the development of bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis and the infiltration of CD3+ T cells and CD68+ macrophages. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that Hp infection increased Tregs and inhibited the induction of bleomycin-induced Th17 cells. Treg depletion nullified these effects, suggesting that Hp-induced Tregs may prevent bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis and inflammation. Analysis of the intestinal microbiota showed that bacteria positively correlated with Tregs exhibited a negative correlation with Th17 cells and dermal fibrosis in mice. SSc patients with severe fibrosis displayed a distinct microbiota profile. These results suggest that alterations in the intestinal microbiota may contribute to the Th17/Treg imbalance in SSc and its progression. Enhancing Tregs to regulate the Th17/Treg imbalance may present a promising strategy for suppressing fibrosis in SSc.
Ongoing replication stress tolerance and clonal T cell responses distinguish liver and lung recurrence and outcomes in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Link Jason M. , Eng Jennifer R. , Pelz Carl , MacPherson-Hawthorne Kevin , Worth Patrick J. , Sivagnanam Shamaline , Keith Dove J. , Owen Sydney , Langer Ellen M. , Grossblatt-Wait Alison , Salgado-Garza Gustavo , Creason Allison L. , Protzek Sara , Egger Julian , Holly Hannah , Heskett Michael B. , Chin Koei , Kirchberger Nell , Betre Konjit , Bucher Elmar , Kilburn David , Hu Zhi , Munks Michael W. , English Isabel A. , Tsuda Motoyuki , Goecks Jeremy , Demir Emek , Adey Andrew C. , Kardosh Adel , Lopez Charles D. , Sheppard Brett C. , Guimaraes Alex , Brinkerhoff Brian , Morgan Terry K. , Mills Gordon B. , Coussens Lisa M. , Brody Jonathan R. , Sears Rosalie C.
Published: January 2025

Patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma survive longer if disease spreads to the lung but not the liver. Here we generated overlapping, multi-omic datasets to identify molecular and cellular features that distinguish patients whose disease develops liver metastasis (liver cohort) from those whose disease develops lung metastasis without liver metastases (lung cohort). Lung cohort patients survived longer than liver cohort patients, despite sharing the same tumor subtype. We developed a primary organotropism (pORG) gene set enriched in liver cohort versus lung cohort primary tumors. We identified ongoing replication stress response pathways in high pORG/liver cohort tumors, whereas low pORG/lung cohort tumors had greater densities of lymphocytes and shared T cell clonal responses. Our study demonstrates that liver-avid pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is associated with tolerance to ongoing replication stress, limited tumor immunity and less-favorable outcomes, whereas low replication stress, lung-avid/liver-averse tumors are associated with active tumor immunity that may account for favorable outcomes.
Understanding the Ag–S interface stability and electrocatalytic activity of CO2 electroreduction in atomically precise Ag25 nanoclusters
Authors: Ye Yuting , Zhou Xia , Chen Yuping , Wang Likai , Tang Qing
Published: January 2025

The leaching dynamics of the Ag–S interface and mechanism of CO2 electroreduction for the Ag25(SR)18 nanocluster differ significantly from those for its Au25(SR)18 analogue.
Facile controlled growth of multilayer h-BN thin films using spaced-confined APCVD and its gate dielectric application
Authors: Zhao Yajuan , Shi Liang , Li Yalong , Ma Qian , Huang Jialu , Li Wenyan , Fu Zhen , Wang Haolin
Published: January 2025

Centimeter-scale multilayer h-BN thin films with tunable thickness are synthesized by space-confined APCVD, which can be used as a gate dielectric in electronic devices.
Lanthanide–radical complexes derived from a nitronyl nitroxide ligand with chelating and bridging functions: structure and magnetic properties
Authors: Zhou Yan , Xie Junfang , Huang Xiaohui , Jin Chaoyi , Ma Yue , Li Licun
Published: January 2025

Chains and linear trinuclear Ln–radical complexes have been obtained using nitronyl nitroxide with chelating and bridging functions, and the Dy derivative exhibits magnetic relaxation behavior.
The effect of introducing fluorine doping and sulfur vacancies on SnS2 as the anode electrode of LIBs: a density functional theory study
Authors: Guan Jiayi , Lin Kaihui , Liao Yanbing , Xu Zhiling , Lin Yuda , Zheng Shenghui
Published: January 2025

By introducing F-doping and sulfur vacancies in SnS2, first-principles calculations show that the F-SnS2−x structure exhibits excellent electrical conductivity and fast lithium ion migration kinetics.
Correction: The effect of particle size on the optical and electronic properties of hydrogenated silicon nanoparticles
Authors: Madden Eimear , Zwijnenburg Martijn A.
Published: January 2025

Correction for ‘The effect of particle size on the optical and electronic properties of hydrogenated silicon nanoparticles’ by Eimear Madden et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2024, 26, 11695–11707, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4CP00119B.
PbS@NiFe-LDH heterojunction: an efficient photo-assisted electrocatalyst for the OER
Authors: Zhang Shixiong , Ji Yajun , Zhang Pengcheng , Wang Shulei , Zhang Bin , Zhou Peng
Published: January 2025

Recently, photo-assisted electrocatalysis as an emerging catalytic approach that combines the technologies of photocatalysis and electrocatalysis has attracted great interest among researchers.
Highly efficient green phosphor Ca4La(PO4)3O:Eu2+,Tb3+ for white LEDs
Authors: Fan Congcong , Sun Dashuai , Lyu Zeyu , Zhou Luhui , Luo Pengcheng , Lu Zheng , Zhang Xiaowei , Wei Shuai , You Hongpeng
Published: January 2025

A highly quantum-efficient green phosphor was developed by constructing energy transfer from Eu2+ to Tb3+ ions.
A novel liquid flow electrochromic smart window for all-year-round dynamic photothermal regulation
Authors: Huang Ya , Wu Shuangdui , Zhao Siming , Guo Zhenyu , Zhao Zhuojing , Wu Xueke , Wang Baoshun , Wang Fei , Xi Aike , Lan Fan , Li Yunrui , Xu Jiaqi , Li Run , Zhao Yanlong , Zhang Rufan
Published: January 2025

A novel liquid flow electrochromic smart window was developed, capable of significantly reducing building energy consumption in most climate zones around the world.
The impact of a high-carbohydrate diet on the cognitive behavior of mice in a low-pressure, low-oxygen environment
Authors: Shang Weixuan , Huang Yali , Xu Zhiqiang , Li Lingjin , Gu Zhengbiao , Cheng Li , Hong Yan
Published: January 2025

HCD mitigates brain damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation in hypoxic mice, enhancing neuronal survival. It also modulates the gut microbiota, suggesting that the “microbiota–gut–brain” axis acts as a pathway for cognitive benefits of an HCD.
Development of benzofuran-derived sulfamates as dual aromatase-steroid sulfatase inhibitors (DASIs): design, synthesis and biological evaluation
Authors: Eissa Ahmed G. , Gozzi Francesca , Aloqab Oqab , Parrish Charlotte E. , Mohamed Nadira , Shiali Irene , Al-Baldawi Harith , Foster Paul A. , Simons Claire
Published: January 2025

Dual aromatase sulfatase inhibitors (DASIs) were developed from a common benzofuran pharmacophore resulting in potent low nanomolar inhibitors, which combined with molecular dynamics studies provided a clear rationale for the activity observed.
Polymeric nanoparticles with a thermoresponsive shell loaded with fluorescent molecules allow for thermally enhanced fluorescence imaging and singlet oxygen generation
Authors: Chepurna Oksana , Yakovliev Artem , Ziniuk Roman , Grebinyk Anna , Xu Hao , Nikolaeva Olena A. , Marynin Andrii I. , Vretik Liudmyla O. , Qu Junle , Ohulchanskyy Tymish Y.
Published: January 2025

Heating of core-thermoresponsive shell nanoparticles loaded with fluorescent molecules resulted in an increased fluorescence and singlet oxygen generation, which holds promise for thermally enhanced fluorescence bioimaging and photodynamic therapy.
Enhanced luminescence sensing of pymetrozine pesticide in Cow milk using a Cd(ii) coordination network with sensitivity up to 0.448 ppm
Authors: Kukreja Manish , Ahmad Musheer , Haq Nazrul , Kumar Astakala Anil , Siddiqui Kafeel Ahmad
Published: January 2025

A new coordination polymer, CP-1, synthesized with CdI2, BTC, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, exhibits strong luminescence for pymetrozine detection with high quenching efficiency and photocatalytic activity, showing potential for food safety applications.
Catalytic effects of iron adatoms in poly(para-phenylene) synthesis on rutile TiO2(110)
Authors: Rostami Mohammadreza , Yang Biao , Ma Xiaochuan , You Sifan , Zhou Jin , Zhang Meng , Cui Xuefeng , Zhang Haiming , Allegretti Francesco , Wang Bing , Chi Lifeng , Barth Johannes V.
Published: January 2025

We studied light and iron adatoms’ influence on debromination of 4,4′′-dibromo-p-terphenyl precursors forming poly(para-phenylene) wires via Ullmann coupling on TiO2(110), using scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy.
Palladium-catalyzed multicomponent [4 + 2] cycloaddition of 1,4-enynes with CO and arylamines to access polycyclic γ-lactams via dearomative rearrangement
Authors: Xue Qi , Fu Zheng-Li , Zhang Wen-Yu , Cheng Xia-Lu , Li Yang , Cai Hu , Li Jin-Heng
Published: January 2025

A novel palladium-catalyzed intermolecular dearomative [4 + 2] cycloaddition of 1,4-enynes with CO and arylamines to access polycyclic γ-lactams is described.
Supramolecular chiroptical sensing by achiral AIE-active thiols
Authors: Zhang Xueyan , Li Yang , Wang Li , Liu Hongcheng
Published: January 2025

AIE active thiols can detect amino acids, polypeptides, amines and amino alcohols by CD and CPL output with primary amine and ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) click reaction.
Composites of YF3: Yb3+, Er3+, Tm3+@C3N4-Au with near-infrared light-driven ability for photocatalytic wastewater purification
Authors: Long Zuhuan , Gao Yu , Zhang Yaojun , Ma Weili , Zheng Jiqi , Liu Yuxin , Ding Fu , Sun Yaguang , Xu Zhenhe
Published: January 2025

YF@CN-Au core–shell composites with varying Au NPs amounts were developed to effectively utilize the entire solar spectrum, from UV to NIR, for the photodegradation of MO, thereby significantly enhancing solar energy utilization efficiency.
Designing a filler material to reduce dielectric loss in epoxy-based substrates for high-frequency applications
Authors: Calisir Ilkan , Bennett Elliot L. , Yang Xiantao , Xiao Jianliang , Huang Yi
Published: January 2025

We present a new surface-engineered filler material—stearic acid-coated aluminum flakes—designed for use in epoxy-based dielectric substrates to significantly reduce dielectric loss.
Self-sensitized Cu(ii)-complex catalyzed solar driven CO2 reduction
Authors: Das Soumadip , Roy Aritra , Chakrabarti Navonil , Mukhopadhyay Narottam , Sarkar Aniruddha , Sen Gupta Sayam
Published: January 2025

Developing a self-sensitized catalyst from earth-abundant elements capable of efficient light harvesting and electron transfer is crucial for enhancing the efficacy of CO2 reduction, environmental cleanup, and improving clean energy prospects.
Chemodivergent dearomatization of benzene-linked O-oxime esters via EnT-induced radical cross-coupling
Authors: Zeng Guohui , Guo Dongwen , Jiang Huanfeng , Yin Biaolin
Published: January 2025

Radical-mediated dearomatization strategies offer a blueprint for building value-added and synthetically valuable three-dimensional skeletons from readily available aromatic starting materials.
Highly dispersed Ni–Fe active sites on a fullerene based electron buffer to boost the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Tang Qin , Wang Lingyue , Zhang Shenglong , Xue Pengfei , Zhang Yuye , Li Hongbo , Zhu Dongdong
Published: January 2025

A fullerene-based carbon material supported NiFe species (NiFe-OC60) is explored as a novel electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction with impressive activity and stability performance in alkaline electrolyte.
Multi-functional near-infrared fluorescent polymer dot–siRNA for gene expression regulation
Authors: Sun Di , Okosun Blessing O. , Xue Yujie , Tayutivutikul Kirati , Smith Kaitlyn H. , Darland Diane C. , Zhao Julia X.
Published: January 2025

Formation of Pdots and Pdot-siRNA and delivery mechanism to the cell. (A) Synthesis of Pdots and binding with siRNA around the Pdots. (B) Pdot-siRNA nanoplatform undergoes cellular uptake and siRNA delivery to target transcripts.
Research on the object detection in complex scenes using diagonal distance
Authors: Guo Dan , He Guoliang
Published: January 2025

The detection method based on IoU boundary box is an important method of image recognition. This paper proposes a diagonal distance loss function, , and a combined diagonal distance loss function, , based IoU. These functions use the distance between diagonals as a penalty, overcoming the degradation phenomenon of prior functions based on traditional IoU. The altered loss functions are also integrated into faster R‐CNN and SSD models, and their effectiveness is assessed on PASCAL VOC, MS COCO and SSDD data sets, yielding favourable results. This paper also extends the IoU calculation between two boxes when performing non‐maximum suppression to advance position precision. The experiments have demonstrated that the enhanced distance calculation method improves both loss function and non‐maximum suppression calculations by around .
Cyber–Physical–Social Security of High‐DER‐Penetrated Smart Grids: Threats, Countermeasures, and Challenges
Authors: Lu Qiuyu , Li Jun’e , Peng Zhao , Ni Ming
Published: January 2025

With the trend of large‐scale renewable distributed energy sources (DERs) penetrating into the smart grids (SGs), the SGs entail heavy reliance on information and communication technologies (ICT) and increasing impact of social behaviors on system operation and management. The SGs can be viewed as cyber–physical–social systems (CPSSs). However, the deep coupling of cyber, physical, and social spaces leads the SGs to be more complex and openness, and thus, a higher risk of exposure to various threats. To study the threats, countermeasures, and challenges of the high‐DER‐penetrated SGs from a cyber–physical–social perspective, the key features of the SGs on devices, networks, and applications are first analyzed. On this basis, the threats faced by the SGs due to the widespread deployment of terminal devices, open network environments, and the increasing importance of social behaviors are analyzed. Subsequently, the limitations of the deployed security measures in current power systems are discussed, and an overview of the state‐of‐art countermeasures for the SGs security faced by the threats is organized in three stages: prevention, detection, and mitigation. Finally, the research challenges, key gaps, and future directions for security enhancement of the SGs are also discussed.
KiDS-SBI: Simulation-based inference analysis of KiDS-1000 cosmic shear
Authors: von Wietersheim-Kramsta Maximilian , Lin Kiyam , Tessore Nicolas , Joachimi Benjamin , Loureiro Arthur , Reischke Robert , Wright Angus H.
Published: January 2025

We present a simulation-based inference (SBI) cosmological analysis of cosmic shear two-point statistics from the fourth weak gravitational lensing data release of the ESO Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS-1000). KiDS-SBI efficiently performs non-Limber projection of the matter power spectrum via Levin’s method and constructs log-normal random matter fields on the curved sky for arbitrary cosmologies, including effective prescriptions for intrinsic alignments and baryonic feedback. The forward model samples realistic galaxy positions and shapes, based on the observational characteristics of KiDS-1000. It incorporates shear measurement and redshift calibration uncertainties, as well as angular anisotropies due to variable survey depth and point spread function (PSF) variations. To enable direct comparisons with standard inference, we limited our analysis to pseudo-angular power spectra as summary statistics. Here, the SBI is based on neural density estimation of the likelihood with active learning to infer the posterior distribution of spatially flat ΛCDM cosmological parameters from 18 000 realisations. We inferred a mean marginal for the growth of the structure parameter of S8 ≡ σ8(Ωm/0.3)0.5 = 0.731 ± 0.033 (68%). We present a measurement of the goodness-of-fit for SBI, determining that the forward model fits the data well, with a probability-to-exceed of 0.42. For a fixed cosmology, the learnt likelihood is approximately Gaussian, while its constraints are wider, compared to a Gaussian likelihood analysis due to the cosmology dependence in the covariance. Neglecting variable depth and anisotropies in the point spread function in the model can cause S8 to be overestimated by ∼5%. Our results are in agreement with previous analyses of KiDS-1000 and reinforce a 2.9σ tension with early Universe constraints from cosmic microwave background measurements. This work highlights the importance of forward-modelling systematic effects in upcoming galaxy surveys, such as Euclid, Rubin, and Roman.
The supermassive black hole population from seeding via collisions in nuclear star clusters
Authors: Liempi M. , Schleicher D. R. G. , Benson A. , Escala A. , Vergara M. C.
Published: January 2025

The coexistence of nuclear star clusters (NSCs) and supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in galaxies with stellar masses of ∼1010 M⊙, scaling relations between their properties and the properties of the host galaxy (e.g., MNSCstellar − Mgalaxystellar and MBH − Mgalaxystellar), and the fact that NSCs seem to take on the role of SMBHs in less massive galaxies (and vice versa in the more massive ones) suggest that the origin of NSCs and SMBHs is related. In this study we implemented an ‘in situ’ NSC formation scenario in which NSCs are formed in the center of galaxies due to star formation in the accumulated gas. We explored the impact of the free parameter Ares, which regulates the amount of gas transferred to the NSC reservoir and thus plays a crucial role in shaping the cluster’s growth. Simultaneously, we included a black hole (BH) seed formation recipe based on stellar collisions within NSCs in the semi-analytic model GALACTICUS to explore the resulting population of SMBHs. We determined the parameter space of the NSCs that form a BH seed and find that in initially more compact NSCs, the formation of these BH seeds is more favorable. This leads to the formation of light, medium, and heavy BH seeds, which eventually reach masses of up to ∼109 M⊙ and is comparable to the observed SMBH mass function at masses above 108 M⊙ . Additionally, we compared the resulting population of NSCs with a NSC mass function derived from the stellar mass function of galaxies from the GAMA survey at ɀ < 0.06, finding a good agreement in terms of shape. We also find a considerable overlap in the observed scaling relations between the NSC mass, the stellar mass of the host galaxy, and the velocity dispersion, which is independent of the value of Ares . However, the chi-square analysis suggests that the model requires further refinement to achieve better quantitative agreement.
Continuous evolution of the polarization properties in the transient X-ray pulsar RX J0440.9+4431/LS V +44 17
Authors: Zhao Q. C. , Tao L. , Tsygankov S. S. , Mushtukov A. A. , Feng H. , Ge M. Y. , Li H. C. , Zhang S. N. , Zhang L.
Published: January 2025

We present a detailed time-resolved and phase-resolved polarimetric analysis of the transient X-ray pulsar RX J0440.9+4431/LS V +44 17, using data from the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) during the 2023 giant outburst. We conducted a time-resolved analysis by dividing the data into several intervals for each observation. This analysis reveals a continuous rotation of the phase-averaged polarization angle (PA) across the observations performed during the supercritical and subcritical regimes. To investigate the origin of the PA rotation, we performed a pulse phase-resolved polarimetric analysis over four time intervals, each spanning approximately three days. Applying the rotating vector model (RVM), the geometric parameters of the system were determined for each interval. Despite the short time gap of just ∼20 days, we observed significant variation in the RVM parameters between the first interval and the subsequent three, indicating the presence of an additional polarized component alongside the RVM component. Using a two-polarized component model with the assumption that this additional component remains constant across pulse phases, we calculated the phase-averaged PA and polarized flux of both the variable and constant components. The phase-averaged PA of each component remained relatively stable over time, but the polarized flux of the constant component decreased, while that of the variable component increased. The observed rotation of the PA is attributed to the gradual shift in the polarized flux ratio between the two components and is not directly related to the different accretion regimes.
Improving underwater imaging in an amplitude modulated laser system with radio frequency control technique
Authors: De Dominicis L. , de Collibus M. Ferri , Fornetti G. , Guarneri M. , Nuvoli M. , Ricci R. , Francucci M.
Published: January 2025

We present the results of an experiment aimed to demonstrate the low-pass filter dependence of water backscattered power in an amplitude-modulated laser scanner for underwater 3D imaging. We also demonstrate that improvements in target imaging are obtained by allowing the device to operate in the stop-band region. A simple model is described to account for the physics underlying the effect and suggesting future experimental schemes based on demodulated detection techniques.
Les affections dentaires du jeune cheval
Authors: Grulke Sigrid , de la Rebière de Pouyade Geoffroy , Salciccia Alexandra
Published: January 2025

Parmi les affections dentaires du jeune cheval, des anomalies maxillo-faciales de développement peuvent provoquer secondairement des anomalies dentaires par le manque de coaptation.
L’anomalie la plus fréquente est le “bec de perroquet” (mâchoire inférieure trop courte) mais il existe d’autres anomalies moins fréquentes comme la mâchoire de bouledogue, la mâchoire croisée ou la fente palatine.

Des traitements orthodontiques ou chirurgicaux parfois assez lourds sont discutés. La plupart des affections dentaires directes concernent les anomalies lors de l’éruption des dents d’adultes comme la rétention des dents lactéales ou une mauvaise implantation des dents donnant lieu à des diastèmes ou à une pousse anormale.

L’absence de certaines dents ou l’apparition de dents surnuméraires peut également être source d’anomalies importantes d’usure.

La présence de dents de loup n’est pas pathologique mais inconstante et les indications pour leur retrait sont discutées.

Certains types de tumeurs ou masses comme le fibrome ossifiant ou le kyste sinusal qui apparaissent en particulier chez le poulain sont présentés afin de reconnaître ces anomalies et de proposer un traitement précoce.
Mastering the Art of First Impressions: Tips to Write a Title, Abstract, and Keywords for a Medical Manuscript
Authors: Eapen Kurian C. , Koikkara Kirti Anna , Keshava Shyamkumar Nidugala
Published: January 2025

Formulating the title and abstract of a manuscript is crucial to convey the essence of the research paper to the reader at a superficial glance. The title should be short and crisp, yet it should define critical information about the paper, such as the disease highlighted, any intervention studied, or the primary outcome. A structured abstract is required in most journals for an original research article, conveying a summary of the research. The keywords used in the title and abstract also play a vital role in the article's discoverability on various search engines, thereby increasing the overall reach and impact of the article. In this article, we highlight a few key points to consider while drafting the title and abstract of a medical manuscript.
Basic Statistics for Radiologists: Part 1—Basic Data Interpretation and Inferential Statistics
Authors: Kumar Adarsh Anil , Valakkada Jineesh , Ayyappan Anoop , Kannath Santhosh
Published: January 2025

A systematic approach to statistical analysis is essential for accurate data interpretation and informed decision-making in the rapidly evolving field of radiology. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental statistical concepts for radiologists and clinicians. The first part of this series introduces foundational elements such as data types, distributions, descriptive and inferential statistics, hypothesis testing, and sampling methods. These are crucial for understanding the underlying structure of research data. The second part of this series delves deeper into advanced topics, including correlation and causality, regression analysis, survival curves, and the analysis of diagnostic tests using contingency tables and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. These tools are vital for evaluating the efficacy of imaging techniques and drawing valid conclusions from clinical studies. As radiology continues to push the boundaries of technology and therapeutic interventions, mastering these statistical principles will empower radiologists to critically assess literature, conduct rigorous research, and contribute to evidence-based practices. Despite the pivotal role of statistics in radiology, formal training in these methodologies is still limited to a certain extent. This primer aims to bridge that gap, providing radiologists with the necessary tools to enhance diagnostic accuracy, optimize patient outcomes, and advance the field through robust research.
Statistics Primer for Radiologists: Part 2—Advanced statistics for Enhancing Diagnostic Precision and Research Validity
Authors: Kumar Adarsh Anil , Kannath Santhosh , Valakkada Jineesh
Published: January 2025

Second part of this statistics primer focuses on advanced statistical concepts continuing on the foundation of basic statistics built from the first part of this primer. This advanced primer aims to delve deeper into essential statistical concepts beyond the basics, equipping the reader with the knowledge to effectively analyze complex data sets, explore correlations and causality, employ regression analysis techniques, interpret survival curves, and evaluate diagnostic tests rigorously. It primarily focuses on the statistical tests used to analyze the relationship between groups of variables (the statistical tests to analyze the difference between groups of variables was discussed in the part 1 of this series). Toward the end of the article concepts of survival curves and methods for assessing the diagnostic accuracy of tests are stressed upon.
Navigating the Editorial Gauntlet for Excellence in Radiology Publishing
Authors: Mohan Chander , Singhal Manphool , Verma Ashish
Published: January 2025

Any scientific journal of repute constantly strives to ensure the highest possible quality, integrity, and ethical standards of published research. This article attempts to the highlight multifaceted responsibilities of an Editor in Chief (EiC) and editors such as managing the peer review process, detecting plagiarism, and ensuring quality of selected manuscript before publication. The EiC also has to tackle issues of salami slicing, duplicate submissions, secondary publications, and guest and ghost authorship while adhering to constantly evolving guidelines of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). The EiC has to ensure adherence to journal guidelines, confidentiality in rigorous review by motivated reviewers, preventing reviewer burnout, incentivization of reviewers, and the review by biostatistician of manuscripts having large data set for appropriateness of statistical analysis. This article emphasizes the decision-making strategies to balance quality with timely publication, maintaining confidentiality, and managing conflicts of interest by the EiC. It also discusses the role of the EiC in educating prospective authors and residents on academic writing, and the optimal utilization of an advisory board to advance the journal's mission. Finally, the EiC's role in managing permissions for the reuse of published images, collaborating with editors of other journals, and enhancing the journal's indexing and impact factor is underscored. This article provides essential best practices for maintaining high ethical and publication standards in radiology journals and the maze that the editor has to wade through in ensuring all of these. In addition, the EiC needs to maintain the highest level of motivation throughout the tenure as it is an honorary responsibility undertaken voluntarily.
Synchronization of two coupled massive oscillators in the time-delayed Kuramoto model
Authors: Mahdavi Esmaeil , Zarei Mina , Shahbazi Farhad
Published: January 2025

We examine the impact of the time delay on two coupled massive oscillators within the second-order Kuramoto model, which is relevant to the operations of real-world networks that rely on signal transmission speed constraints. Our analytical and numerical exploration shows that time delay can cause multi-stability within phase-locked solutions, and the stability of these solutions decreases as the inertia increases. In addition to phase-locked solutions, we discovered non-phase-locked solutions that exhibit periodic and chaotic behaviors, depending on the amount of inertia and time delay.
Modeling ethanol/water adsorption in all-silica zeolites using the real adsorbed solution theory
Authors: Le Anne V. , Tsapatsis Michael , Siepmann J. Ilja , Bai Peng
Published: January 2025

A comprehensive set of single-component and binary isotherms were collected for ethanol/water adsorption into the siliceous forms of 185 known zeolites using grand-canonical Monte Carlo simulations. Using these data, a systematic analysis of ideal/real adsorbed-solution theory (IAST/RAST) was conducted and activity coefficients were derived for ethanol/water mixtures adsorbed in different zeolites based on RAST. It was found that activity coefficients of ethanol are close to unity while activity coefficients of water are larger in most zeolites, indicating a positive excess free energy of the mixture. This observation can be attributed to water/ethanol interactions being less favorable than water/water interactions in the single-component adsorption of water at comparable loadings. The deviation from ideal behavior can be highly structure-dependent but no clear correlation with pore diameters was identified. Our analysis also demonstrates the following: (1) accurate unary isotherms in the low-loading regime are critical for obtaining physically sensible activity coefficients; (2) the global regression scheme to solve for activity model parameters performs better than fitting activity models to activity coefficients calculated locally at each binary state point; and (3) including the dependence on adsorption potential offers only a minor benefit for describing binary adsorption at the lowest fugacities. Finally, the Margules activity model was found incapable of capturing the non-ideal adsorption behavior over the entire range of fugacities and compositions in all zeolites, but for conditions typical of solution-phase adsorption, RAST predictions using zeolite-specific or even bulk Margules parameters provide an improved description compared to IAST.
Simulation of high signal-to-noise ratio resonant photodetector for homodyne measurement and its verification
Authors: Wang Shaofeng , Liu Wei , Niu Xuyin , Wu Guangqian , Dong Ruifang
Published: January 2025

In this paper, two models for simulating the shot noise and electronic noise performances of resonant photodetectors designed for homodyne measurements are presented. One is based on a combination of a buffer and a low-noise amplifier, and the other is based on an operational amplifier. Through the comparisons between the numerical simulation results and the experimentally obtained data, excellent agreements are achieved, which show that the models provide a highly efficient guide for the development of a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) resonant photodetector. Furthermore, we demonstrate a high SNR resonant photodetector for homodyne measurements at the 147 MHz optical sideband, achieving a 20.8 dB SNR of the shot noise to the electronic noise with a 2 mW optical signal input, utilizing a combination of a buffer and a low-noise amplifier. Concurrently, we have obtained another resonant photodetector at the 1.14 GHz optical sideband, which exhibits a 13 dB SNR based on an operational amplifier.
Frequency-domain thermoreflectance with beam offset without the spot distortion for accurate thermal conductivity measurement of anisotropic materials
Authors: Akura Yuki , Ikeda Yasuaki , Matsunaga Yuki , Shimofuri Masaki , Banerjee Amit , Tsuchiya Toshiyuki , Hirotani Jun
Published: January 2025

The measurement of thermal conductivities of anisotropic materials and atomically thin films is pivotal for the thermal design of next-generation electronic devices. Frequency-domain thermoreflectance (FDTR) is a pump–probe technique that is known for its accurate and straightforward approach to determining thermal conductivity and stands out as one of the most effective methodologies. Existing research has focused on advancing a measurement system that incorporates beam-offset FDTR. In this approach, the irradiation positions of the pump and probe lasers are spatially offset to enhance sensitivity to in-plane thermal conductivity. Previous implementations primarily adjusted the laser positions by modifying the mirror angle, which inadvertently distorted the laser spot. Such distortion significantly compromises measurement accuracy, which is especially critical in beam-offset FDTR, where the spot radius has a crucial impact on measured values. This study introduces an advanced FDTR measurement system that realizes probe laser offset without inducing spot distortion, utilizing a relay optical system. The system was applied to measure the thermal conductivities of both isotropic standard materials and anisotropic samples, including highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and graphene. The findings corroborate those of prior studies, validating the measurement’s reliability in terms of sensitivity. This development of a beam-offset FDTR system without laser spot distortion establishes a robust basis for accurate thermal conductivity values of anisotropic materials via thermoreflectance methods.
Enhancing visible luminescence in sprayed-ZnO nanostructure through Cu doping
Authors: Bedia Fatima Zohra , Bedia Asma , Bedia Sidi Mohammed , Maloufi Nabila , Aillerie Michel , Rahmoun Khadidja
Published: January 2025

Cu-doped ZnO (CZO) is a low-cost, oxide-friendly material synthesized in various ratios (0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%) via spray pyrolysis on a glass substrate at 350 °C. SEM images revealed that the CZO films consist of aggregated spherical nanoparticles, each with a diameter of less than 20 nm. XRD and Raman measurements confirmed that the CZO thin films exhibit a polycrystalline wurtzite structure with a preferential 101̄1 orientation. The role of defects influencing the luminescence behavior of CZO films in the visible spectrum was investigated. Increasing the Cu content in ZnO crystals enhanced and produced four distinct color emissions in the visible photoluminescence spectrum: blue, green, yellow, and red. This rare occurrence in sprayed ZnO films is attributed to various defects, with the most prominent one being oxygen vacancies (Vo+–Vo++), zinc interstitials (Zni), and oxygen interstitials (Oi). Notably, the defects significantly decreased with the addition of 2 at. % Cu, unequivocally linked to the emergence of Zn vacancies (VZn). An increase in defects in the ZnO crystal leads to bandgap narrowing, from 3.273 to 3.202 eV. This study demonstrates that CZO films, synthesized through a cost-effective and straightforward method, are well-suited for optoelectronic applications.
Characterization and optimization of high-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells: Impact of recombination in the space charge region and trap-assisted Auger exciton recombination
Authors: Kostylyov V. P. , Sachenko A. V. , Evstigneev M. , Sokolovskyi I. O. , Shkrebtii A. I.
Published: January 2025

Since the photoconversion efficiency η of the silicon-based solar cells (SCs) under laboratory conditions is approaching the theoretical fundamental limit, further improvement of their performance requires theoretical modeling and/or numerical simulation to optimize the SCs parameters and design. The existing numerical approaches to modeling and optimizing the key parameters of high-efficiency solar cells based on monocrystalline silicon, the dominant material in photovoltaics, are described. It is shown that, in addition to the four usually considered recombination processes, namely, Shockley–Read-Hall, surface, radiative, and band-to-band Auger recombination mechanisms, the non-radiative exciton Auger recombination and recombination in the space charge region (SCR) have to be included. To develop the analytical SC characterization formalism, we proposed a simple expression to model the wavelength-dependent external quantum efficiency of the photocurrent near the absorption edge. Based on this parameterization, the theory developed allows for calculating and optimizing the base thickness-dependent short-circuit current, the open-circuit voltage, and the SC photoconversion efficiency. The accuracy of the approach to optimizing solar cell parameters, particularly thickness and base doping level, is demonstrated by its application to three Si solar cells reported in the literature: one with an efficiency of 26.63%, another with 26.81%, and a third with a record efficiency of 27.3%. The results show that the developed formalism enables further optimization of solar cell thickness and doping levels, leading to potential increases in efficiency.
A comprehensive review on solar drying using paraffin wax as PCM
Authors: Shah Mehul Ajaykumar , Ramana P. V.
Published: January 2025

Developing methods to alter the use of fossil fuels and save reserves for the betterment of the future is the primary concern in today's era. The radiation component of solar energy has a huge energy content. Utilizing solar energy to dry fruits, vegetables, and harvests will be a productive method of reducing reliance on fossil fuels and extending the shelf life of food items. Thus, an effort has been undertaken in this review paper to summarize research work performed previously and in the current research with the use of thermal energy storage materials. This paper discusses the practicalities of phase change materials (PCMs) and sensible heat storage. PCMs give more effective outcomes than reasonable heat-storage materials because phase changes involve substantial fusion heat. Due to its accessible availability, physical and thermodynamic features, high latent heat availability, and thermal cycle stability, paraffin wax is a commonly utilized PCM. A thorough deliberation was had about the techniques employed, the kind of thermal energy storage material used, the several kinds of solar dryers, and the efficiency comparison with natural drying methods.
The Peierls stress of interfacial dislocation under lattice mismatches
Authors: Zhang Shujun
Published: January 2025

The dislocation motion at heterointerfaces can be quantitatively predicted by estimating the Peierls barrier using the generalized stacking-fault energy surface. A simple formula is derived for the Peierls stress of misfit dislocations within the framework of the Peierls–Nabarro mechanism. This formula clarifies the correlation between a material’s yield strength, its elastic constant, and the dislocation structure, which is crucial for understanding the stability of heterointerfaces. Using the BAs/AlN heterojunction as an example, the validity of the energy barrier at the B–Al interface is confirmed through numerical results obtained from first-principles simulations.