bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation and Stability of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers of Chitosan and Poly(acrylic acid)
Authors: Liu Bing Tao , Fokkink Remco , de Keizer Arie
Published: May 2011

The article intends to introduce the authors’ experimental study on adsorption behaviour of chitosan and poly(acrylic acid) solution on silica by reflectometry. pH effect on adsorption-desorption of Chitosan and interaction with poly(acrylic acid) polyelectrolyte multilayer on silica has been studied. Builting multilayer formation on silica by 100ppm chitosan and 25ppm Poly(acrylic acid) solution with reflectometer. Effect of ionic strengths and molecular weight of chitosan have been discussed and we built 4 layers chitosan and 3 layers PAA and check BSA adsorption and stability. Atomic force microscopy measurement has been measured in the experiment. The results show adsorption kinetics, adsorbed mass plateau values, and reversibility of the layer formation which is typical for adsorption of strongly charged polyelectrolytes onto oppositely charged surfaces.
Sintering Kinetics of Hydroxyapatite Prepared by Chemical Coprecipitation Method
Authors: Zou Jian Peng
Published: May 2011

With chemical coprecipitation method, high purity hydroxyapatite was successfully prepared in this paper. The microstructure and components of HA were characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR, atomic emission spectrum and particle size analyzer. The results demonstrate that synthesized HA is very pure and is harmless to human body. Average particle size of HA powder is about 10.4μm. Crystallization degree of hydroxyapatite increases with the increase of sintering temperature and the optimal preparing technique is sintering at 750 for 2h with temperature-rising rate of 5°C·min-1. Grain growing activation energy of HA can be calculated as 24.8 kJ·mol-1 according to the relationship between grain size and sintering temperature. HA’s grain growth mechanism is interfacial diffusion controlling mechanism.
Pt/C Catalyst for Hydrosilylation of Allyl Glycidyl Ether with Trimethoxysilane
Authors: Li Ji , Zhang Lei , Ma Tian Long , Yang Chun Hui
Published: May 2011

Activated carbon-supported platinum was prepared and characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. And the hydrosilylation of allyl glycidyl ether with trimethoxysilane catalyzed by platinum on activated carbon was discussed. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, feeding fashion and mixture ratio of precursors on the Pt/C catalytic this hydrosilylation were also investigated. The results showed that the reaction can generate the product of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane at an efficiency of as high as 97.4% under the optimal conditions.
Metastable Phase Equilibria in the Aqueous Ternary System Containing Potassium, Lithium and Chloride Ions at 298.15 K
Authors: Zeng Ying , Yu Xu Dong , Zhang Jing Qiang , Li Long Gang
Published: May 2011

The metastable phase equilibrium in the ternary system containing potassium, lithium and chloride ions was studied at 298.15 K using an isothermal evaporation method. The solubility, density and refractive index of the equilibrated solution were measured. The crystalloid forms of the solid phase were determined using a schreinermarks wet residue method. On the basis of the experimental data, the metastable equilibrium phase diagram and the physicochemical properties vs composition in the ternary system at 298.15 K were plotted. The experimental results show that this system is of a simple eutectic type system, no double salt or solid solution formed at 298.15 K. The phase diagram consists of one invariant point, two uninvariant curves, and two crystallization regions. The crystallization regions correspond to potassium chloride (KCl) and lithium chloride monohydrate (LiCl·H2O), respectively. Salt KCl has the largest crystallization field, whereas salt LiCl·H2O has the smallest crystallization field. Salt LiCl has strong salting-out effect on salt KCl.
Study on Tribological Properties of Organic Bismuth Compounds as Lubricationg Additive
Authors: Hu Jian Qiang , Zhu Jiang , Gao Ke Yi , Fei Yi Wei
Published: May 2011

A bismuth diamyl-dithiocarbamate additive was synthesized. A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the tribological performance of the additive in mineral oil, and compared with same types of metal additives. The results show that it exhibits better load-carrying capacities than said organic metal additives. The surface analytical tools such as X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the topography, the compositions contents and the depth profile of some typical elements on the rubbing surface of worn scar. Smooth topography of worn scar further confirms that the additive showed good antiwear capacities, the results of X-ray photoelectron spectrometer and X-Ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy analyses indicated that tribochemical mixed protective films consists of bismuth compounds, sulfides, sulphates were formed on the rubbing surface, which contribute to improve the tribological properties of lubricants. Particularly, a large amounts of bismuth atoms play an important role in improving antiwear properties of oils.
TDI-IPDI Waterborne Polyurethane Emulsions: Properties and Application
Authors: Guo Yu Hua , Li Shu Cai , Wang Gao Sheng
Published: May 2011

TDI as main isocyanate, IPDI as end-capping reagent, waterborne polyurethane emulsions (WPUs) surface-sizing agent have been obtained. The properties of WPUs and papers sized by WPUs with different DMPA content, different NCO/OH molar ratio and nNCOTDI/nNCOIPDI are systematically examined. The results show that WPUs are new kinds of surface sizing agents with good properties. The water resistance, surface gloss and smoothness of papers sized by WPUs have dramatically increased. The folding endurance, tearing resistance and tensile strength of WPU sized papers are observed to increase obviously.
Preparation of Sulfated Zirconia-Modified Mesoporous SBA-15 and Catalytic Performance in Synthesis of Methyl Palmitate
Authors: Tian Zhi Ming , Deng Qi Gang , Li Le Yuan
Published: May 2011

Sulfated zirconia-modified mesoporous SBA-15 molecular sieves(ZS/SBA-15) had been prepared by homogeneous urea hydrolysis method. The modified materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron micrographs (TEM), nitrogen adsorption. XRD results exhibit that ZS/SBA-15 remains the highly order mesoporous channels with hexagonal structure. The average diameter of the pore decreases from 5.60 to 4.70 nm after addition of ZrO2and SO42-to SBA-15.The acid strength(0.80<H0<0.99)on catalyst surface was determined by mean of Hammett indication method, and the total amount of acid (1.42 mmol·g-1) was estimated by TPD of NH3. The catalyst (ZS/SBA-15) show best catalytic activity in synthesis of methyl palmitate.The optimum conditions of the esterification by orthogonal experiments were studied: the molar of methanol to palmitic acid 15: 1,the amount of catalyst 0.8 g, reaction time 8h .The conversion of methyl palmitate could reach 90.3% under the optimum conditions.
The Influence of Plasma Surface Treatment of Carbon Fibers on the Flexural and Tribological Properties of UHMWPE Composite
Authors: Li Jian
Published: May 2011

In this paper, the wear performance of a ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene composites filled with carbon fiber (CF/UHMWPE) were studied using a pin-on-disc method. The effects of surface treatment of CF and sliding load and on the friction and wear of the CF/UHMWPE composite are reported. It was observed that the sliding load is an important controlling factors; its effect is diminished when the CF is modified.
Study on the Piezoresistivity Character of Electrically Conductive Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Liu Xiao Ming , Wu Shao Peng
Published: May 2011

Raw materials, such as SBS modified asphalt, graphite powder and crumb rubber were selected to blend with aggregate mixture to product electrically conductive asphalt concrete. Experimental results demonstrated the stress or strain had a great influence on the resistance of conductive asphalt concrete, which exhibited sensitive piezoresistivity. In fact, the piezoresistivity reflects the change in microstructure. The reason for piezoresistivity may involve proximity effect, microcrack and the dislocation of conductive paths due to shear strength of aggregates. With further study on the variation of the resistance, it is hopeful to explore the microstructure change of asphalt concrete under dynamic compressive stress. Therefore this new-style asphalt concrete has extensively practical foreground in fatigue damage testing, highway traffic intelligent monitoring and so on.
Optimal Design of Mechanism Dimension for Tracked Vehicle's Tension Adjustor According to Virtual Prototype Technology
Authors: Wang You Jun , Yang Li Hao
Published: May 2011

In this paper, a virtual prototype of the shovel loader with four tracks was established, and the tension adjustor’s F-t curve under driving conditions was obtained by the simulation. Then, the finite element analysis and the dimension optimal design of the tension adjustor which is an important part of the tracked vehicles were carried out so as to find out its best bearing structure. At last, the new model after optimization was analyzed again. According to the comparison between the finite element analyze results before and after the optimization, the finite element model’s maximum strain and stress under working condition after the optimal design were greatly cut down. As a result the using safety of the tension adjustor and its service life were greatly improved.
Growth Kinetics of Intermetallic Compounds at the Interface of Liquid Sn-9Zn/Cu
Authors: Huang Hui Zhen , Wei Xiu Qin , Zhou Lang
Published: May 2011

The morphology and growth of the intermetallic compound (IMC) formed between liquid Sn-9Zn eutectic solder alloy and Cu at 220-260°C was investigated. Experimental results showed that γ-Cu5Zn8 was present at the Sn-9Zn/Cu interface as the reaction product. The IMC layer growth follows the parabolic-growth law, which indicates that the growth of the IMC is controlled by the diffusion mechanisms. The activation energy of γ-Cu5Zn8 layer growth for liquid Sn-9Zn reacting with Cu substrate is determined as 50.5 KJ/mol.
Low-Temperature Pack Aluminizing of X80 Pipeline Steel through Addition of Zinc and Surface Self-Nanocrystallization
Authors: Wang Yu , Huang Min , Xie Xiang Xu
Published: May 2011

Rapid low-temperature pack aluminizing was achieved on pipeline steel X80 through combined effect of surface refinement treatment and modification of pack powder. Self-nanocrystallization surface of pipeline steel X80 was obtained by surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT). In addition, zinc (Zn), which has lower melting point than that of Al, was added in the pack powder, to enhance the concentration of active aluminum (Al) atom. The mechanism of the low- temperature pack aluminizing was analyzed by examining the distribution of atoms and coating thickness using EDS and SEM. The study shows that aluminizing rate of as-SMATed pipeline steel with self-nanocrystallization surface is higher than that of non-SMATed pipeline steel under the same pack condition. The addition of Zn can increase the activity of diffusion atoms and accelerate the aluminizing by changing the state of pack powder from a single solid phase to a mixture of solid phase and liquid phase. The diffusion of atoms in this low-temperature pack aluminizing is considered as bulk diffusion which is driven by the activity of diffusion atoms in an unstable state following Fick law.
Cellular Structure Control of Aluminum Foams Based on Semi-Solid Forming Technology
Authors: You Xiao Hong , Wang Fang , Wang Lu Cai
Published: May 2011

Based on making principle of aluminum foams and semi-soild forming technology, a two-stage foaming process for Al-Si alloy foam named Semi-Solid Foaming (SSF) was put forward in this paper in order to control the cell structure of closed-cell aluminum foam. On the basis of introducing basic technology of SSF, effects of process parameters on foaming process and cell structure was investigated to obtain optimal parameters. The results show that the decomposing time of TiH2 can be controlled and two-stage foaming process, i.e. SSF, has been realized, to obtain Al-Si alloy foam of relatively homogenious cell structure with porosity of 74.6%, cell diameter ranging from 2.1mm to 3.2mm（average value is 2.3mm），and average circularity of 0.812. It is clarified that optimal parameters are as follows:agitation temperature is 580,the mixing time is 0.5min,the mixing speed is 1200r/min，re-foaming temperature of furnace is 720 and the heating time is 15min on condition of experiment.
Preparation and Characterization of Polypyrrole/Montmorillonite Composites and Percolation Analysis of Conductivity
Authors: Feng Hui Xia , Liu Sheng Li
Published: May 2011

With water as solution, ferric chloride (FeCl3∙6H2O) as oxidant, sulfuric acid (SA) as dopant, prepared polypyrrole/montmorillonite (PPy/MMT) via chemical oxidation polymerization. We researched the effect that the content of the polypyrrole to the conductivity of composite in the condition of n (Py): n (FeCl3∙6H2O): n (SA) =1: 1: 0.5. Using IR, XRD, IR, TEM and SEM modern characterization methods to characterize internal structure of composites, the results show PPy were intercalated into the inner space of MMT. The surfaces of MMT intercalated are coated by conductive polypyrrole particles with equal size and uniform arrangement. MMT dispersed among conductive polypyrrole matrix and overlapped each other, which formed a conductive network. Using percolation theory, we analyzed the conductivity of composites that conform to the classical statistical percolation theory.
Multi-Objective Optimization of a Bolt-Flange Structure
Authors: Liu Yuan Dong , Yin Yi Hui , Lu Ying Chun
Published: May 2011

The bolt-flange structure is most one of joint mode, and stress and mass are its major performance parameters. The multi-object optimization of a bolt-flange structure can be performed by using Finite element method and optimization method unitedly. The response surface design method was employed to determine the combination of geometrical parameters to be designed of the bolt-flange structure. The stress of the bolt-flange structure which has the different geometrical parameters was numerically simulated and analyzed by using the software ANSYS. The response surface model is obtained. The optimized geometrical parameters of the bolt-flange structure were obtained by using MATLAB multi-objective optimization method. The results showed that the maximum equivalent stress in the optimized bolt-flange structure decreased 13.4% than that in the original one and the mass of the optimized bolt-flange structure was lower 14.3% than that of the original one.
Study of the Structure Importance in Pipe Bridge Failure Fuzzy Assessment
Authors: Yu Xin Qi , Liu Qing Gang
Published: May 2011

The safety status of pipe bridge is often studied by fuzzy assessment. In fuzzy assessment, the structure importance must be calculated first. In this article, structure importance is calculated by Fault tree analysis(FTA) and Analytic hierarchy process(AHP). The result shows that the structure importance calculated by both methods is less than 30% different from each other. That means two methods are of high consistency and both is suitable for pipe bridge.
Porous SiO2/TiO2 Bilayer Antireflection Coatings with Self-Cleaning Capacity
Authors: Chen Ruo Yu , Wang Jian Wu , Wang Hong Ning , Yao Wei , Zhong Jing
Published: May 2011

The porous SiO2/TiO2bilayer antireflection coatings with self-cleaning capacity have been prepared by a sol-gel dip-coating method, the surfactant template, Pluronic F123 (PF123) was added to the sol as a pore generator. The performances of the coatings were analyzed with ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The self-cleaning function of coatings was evaluated by means of photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution, and mechanical strength of the coatings has also been studied. The results indicate that the average transmittance of porous SiO2/TiO2coating increases by 6% as compared to uncoated glass, the coating has a small particle size, a porous structure and a low roughness. After illuminated by ultraviolet light for 3 h, the 5 mg/L methyl orange can be degraded by 56.5%. In addition, the coating has an excellent mechanical strength.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of α-Fe2O3 Polyhedrons
Authors: Tian Li , Huang Ke Long
Published: May 2011

α-Fe2O3polyhedrons have been successfully synthesized via a one-pot hydrothermal process. The average diameter of the synthesized α-Fe2O3polyhedrons is about 0.8 μm. The structure and morphology of α-Fe2O3polyhedrons were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. And the possible formation mechanism is proposed that the α-Fe2O3polyhedrons are grown epitaxially from the FeOOH precursors by topotactic transformation. The experimental parameters play a crucial role in the growth of the α-Fe2O3polyhedrons. The results indicate that the phase and morphology of the products are greatly affected by the concentrations of disodium ethyleediamine tetracetate and NaOH in the starting solution. The magnetic properties of α-Fe2O3polyhedrons show weak ferromagnetic behavior with the saturation magnetization of 0.498 emu/g, remanent magnetization of 0.051 emu/g and coercivity of 372.81 Oe.
Support Effects of PW/SiO2 on Friedel-Crafts Acylation of Toluene with Acetic Anhydride
Authors: Zhang Lei , Su Kun Mei , Ming Jun , Li Zhen Huan , Cheng Bo Wen
Published: May 2011

Support effects of PW/SiO2on MPA (p-methoxyacetophenone) synthesis from toluene and acetic anhydride were carefully studied, and catalysts were carefully characterized by BET, XRD and NH3-TPD. The charactrerized results displayed that the interaction between PW and SiO2prevented the loss of acidic protons from PW to form the weak acid PW12O38.5over PW/SiO2. The weak acid site PW12O38.5over PW/SiO2came into being only in case of much more PW being loaded onto SiO2, and the appearance of PW12O38.5over PW/SiO2resulted in MPA yield decline.
Calorimetric Study of Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum as Set Retarders in Portland Cement
Authors: Yang Dao Wu , Liu Yi , Yao Yan , Tong Hai Xia
Published: May 2011

The paper is focused on clarifying the influence of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum in replacing natural gypsum (NG) in the production of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). FGD gypsum was taken from Yi Yang power plant in Hunan, China. OPC clinker blends with 1–7 % of FGD gypsum to produce the binder of clinker/FGD gypsum. The properties of FGD gypsum was investigated via Chemical analysis, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and differential thermal analysis (DTA)/thermogravimetric (TG) to evaluate the properties of binder. In present experiment, conduction calorimetry was applied to investigate the early hydration of binders. It was concluded that the blending of FGD gypsum reduced early hydration exothermic peak value of clinker and delayed the appearing time of exothermic peak at 30, and finally the early hydration of clinker was delayed effectively. This FGD gypsum is suitable as cement set retarders.
Experimental Study on Bioremediation of Petroleum Contaminated Soil in Puyang Oilfield
Authors: Chen Li , Zhang Fa Wang , Ren Shuo , Zhang Sheng
Published: May 2011

According to the previous experience on remediation experiment in laboratory and field, the study on microgial ecological remediation of petroleum contaminated soil in Puyang oilfield was carried out under 3 different conditions. Here the results from remediation show that the technology of microbe cooperated with alfalfa, single microbe technology and single alfalfa technology all possess remedial effect on petroleum contaminated soil through 99-day period remediation, and the technology of microbe cooperated with alfalfa creates the best remedial mission with petroleum hydrocarbon degradation rate of 65.27%, while the rest single technologies exerts degradation rate of about 40% on petroleum hydrocarbon, Moreover, the experiment results indicate that few nutriment such as soluble salt, NO3-, Cl-,etc can infiltrate into the lower soil layer(50cm). However, the distinct increase of NH4+ in the second and third remediation area may attribute to abundance fertilizer transportation into depth soil layer due to the nitrogen fixation of alfalfa’s roots. In addition, we also find that the remediation effect can be impacted by the factors containing tempertation, water, oxygen, nutriment and mini-geo-enviroment.
Research of Ice Jet Cleaning Surface
Authors: Liu Li Hong , Liu Ben Li
Published: May 2011

A plan of preparing ice particles continuously has been put forward, and the analyses and calculations are done in terms of theory. An injection ice jet system has been established. Through ice jet removing paint experiments by the use of the ice jet system established, the examination of the ice parameters which influence the surface cleaning performances such as ice diameter , ice temperature and ice flow rate is conducted. When the pressure, standoff and traverse speed are fixed, orthogonal cleaning paint experiment is conducted and three parameters of ice particles are investigated. The results of variance analysis and direct analysis of experimental data show that flow and temperature are more important factors affecting the surface cleaning performance of ice jet and the effect of diameter is rather little.
Cooling Mechanism of the Steel Slag Droplet Granulated by Gas Quenching Method
Authors: Li Jun Guo , Lu Hong Wei , Zhang Yu Zhu
Published: May 2011

After gas quenching and granulated, the molten steel slag changed into droplets. The cooling and solidification process of the droplets have been analyzed and calculated in this paper. It was suggested that there were three phases such as liquid cooling phase, nucleation and recalescence phase, and solid cooling phase. During the cooling process, there were two heat transfer modes such as convection and radiation from droplets surface to environment. On the other hand, there was a great amount of latent heat released during nucleation and solidification process. The physical model of droplets cooling has been established on the basis of heat transfer theory. And then the mathematic model with nonlinear ordinary differential equations could be extracted, which could be solved through fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The declining law of droplets temperature along with the cooling time could be drawn by Matlab software. It takes 249ms, 83ms and 185ms for liquid cooling, nucleation and recalescence and solid cooling phase, respectively. In conclusion, it takes about 332ms to solidify entirely for the droplets, and 517ms to be cooled from 1723 to 1073K.
Study on Swirl Composite Fluidization Mode with Circulating Fluidized Beds for Flue Gas Desulfurization
Authors: Hao Xiao Wen , Ma Chun Yuan , Zhao Qiang
Published: May 2011

Circulating Fluidization Bed (CFB) for Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) is widely used. But its desulfurization efficiency is lower than Wet FGD. Its investment is not much lower than Wet FGD. Flow field of CFB for FGD is hard to be uniform. Swirl Composite Fluidization Mode (SCFM) was brought forward compared to Venturi Fluidization Mode (VFM). Experiment and simulation under cold condition was proceeded. From the test, flow field along axis and in cross-sections for SCFM are uniform. Turbulent velocity fluctuation is violent. And particles concentration is high. SCFM has better flow effect than VFM. Uniformity increases with higher superficial velocity and more tangential swirl devices. Recommended tangential swirl devices number is between 3-6. SCFM technology has good foreground.
Novel Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquids Based on Benzimidazolium Cation: Synthesis and Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Indoles with α,β-unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Wang Bin , Liu Chen Jiang
Published: May 2011

Brønsted acidic ionic liquids based on benzimidazolium cation was synthesized and employed as an efficient catalysts for the Michael addition reaction of indoles to α,β-unsaturated ketones under mild conditions to afford the corresponding conjugate addition products in high yields (90%-98%). The catalyst 1-butyl-3-(3-sulfopropyl)benzimidazolium p-toluenesulfonate ([PSbbim][p-CH3PhSO3]) could be reused at least three times without a noticeably decrease in its activity.
Acid Extracting Pectin from Guangyechu White Bast and Subsequent Ammonium Sulfate Pulping
Authors: He Jie , Liu Bing Yue
Published: May 2011

In this paper, the process of acid extracting pectin from Guangyechu white bast and subsequent ammonium sulfate pulping was optimized by condition test. Under optimal conditions, the pectin yield was 3.99%, the screened pulp yield was 52.61%, KMnO4 value was 9.84 and whiteness was 51.7%ISO. And chemical compositions of Guangyechu white bast in each treatment stage were compared and analyzed.
Numerical Study on the Oscillation Characteristic of the Static Gas Wave Refrigerator Influenced by the Design Parameters
Authors: Liu Wei , Ji Xiao Hui
Published: May 2011

In order to study the relation between the design parameters and the oscillation characteristic of the static gas wave refrigerator, the oscillation characteristic influenced by the design parameters including inlet pressure, width of the nozzle and the spliter location is analysed by means of numerical study. The results show that (1)the higher the inlet pressure is, the bigger the fluidic momentum and curvature radius of the fluidic attachment are. The further the attachment location is, the higher the controlling pressure at the port of the interconnection line is, while the smaller the switching time of the fluidic is;(2)When the width of nozzle increases, the fluidic is more unstable and the switching time is shorter and attachment location is obviously further;(3)with the decrease of the spliter location, the time to oscillate becomes shorter and the switching pressure becomes smaller.
Volatility of Biodiesel Obtainted from Rapeseed Blends with Petroleum Diesel
Authors: Chen Xiu , Yuan Yin Nan , Lai Yong Bin
Published: May 2011

The volatility has been studied since it influences the ignition quality of the fuels in a compression ignition engine. The chemical composition of -10# petrodiesel (-10PD) and rapeseed biodiesel (RME) was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Volatility of -10PD and RME was studied by thermogravimetry (TG) and liquid volatile theory. Volatile index V was put forward for describing -10PD/RME volatility. A good correlation model was proposed for calculate the -10PD/RME volatility by RME blending ratio. The study showed that -10PD was mainly composed of alkanes: C8-C26. RME was mainly composed of saturated fatty acid methyl esters (SFAME): C14:0-C24:0, unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (UFAME): C16:1-C22:1, C18:2 and C18:3. The mass fraction of SFAME and UFAME was 14.69% and 83.40%, respectively. RME is considerably more volatile in comparison to -10PD. The -10PD/RME volatility has relation to RME blending ratio. The volatility of B0-B20 is very close to -10PD. The volatility of B20-B100 is better with increasing the RME blending ratio.
Numerical Investigation of Dusts Removal from Tramway Surface by Street Vacuum Sweeper
Authors: Wu Bo Fu , Men Jin Lai , Chen Jie
Published: May 2011

In order to enhance the operational safety of tram vehicle and reduce the wear of guide wheels mounted on the vehicle, it is necessary to remove particles such as dusts and silts from tramway surface. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of street vacuum sweeper for sucking up dusts from tramway surface. A numerical model was developed based on dusts removal process. Under different pressure drops across the pickup head of the street vacuum sweeper, the flow field and dusts removal efficiency were analyzed with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The numerical results show that a higher pressure drop can improve the airflow field in the pickup head and results in higher dusts removal efficiency, but higher pressure drop definitely need more energy. Therefore, a balance should be taken into consideration.
Facile and Scaled-Up Synthesis of Inorganic Metallic Ions Doped Nanoscaled Titanium Dioxides and their Enhanced Photocatalytic Property for Phenol Degradation
Authors: Liu Bao Cang , Chen Cheng , Li Fu , Zhang Bo , Li Chang Yan , Zhao Wen Zhi , Zhang Jun
Published: May 2011

Photodegradation emerged as an effective technology for elimination of phenol and phenolic compound contaminants. In this paper, we developed an facile and scaled-up synthesis method for production of nanoscaled titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalysts doped with inorganic metallic ions of Sn, Zn, Fe, Cr, Mo, W, V, Ce, Au, Ag, Pt, and Pd. The obtained photocatalysts show relatively small sizes around 10 nm with highly crystallinity and narrow size distribution, and their efficiencies for photocatalytic degradation of phenol are greatly enhanced by doping the metallic ions. The photocatalytic efficiencies of nanoscaled TiO2photocatalysts for phenol degradation could be improved to 93.6%, 89% and 98% by doping 2 wt.% Cr, 10 wt.% Ce, and 10 wt.% Pd, respectively, compared with that of the undoped nanoscaled TiO2photocatalysts around 42.5%. The doped nanoscaled TiO2photocatalysts may find potential application in treatment of phenol and phenolic compounds contaminants in industrial waste water.
Preparation and Process Optimization of LLDPE/EVA/Modified Nano-ZnO Composites
Authors: Liu Jia , Li Shun Xiang
Published: May 2011

The mechanism and method were deduced on surface modification of nano-ZnO by titanate coupling agent. EVADPE/ZnO nanocomposite material was prepared, and the tensile strength was tested. Three relatively optimal groups of process parameters were obtained by orthogonal experiment, BP-GA model and BP-PSO model respectively, in which the parameter obtained through BP-GA model was equal to that obtained through BP-PSO model. The iterative times of BP-PSO algorithm were smaller than that of BP-PSO algorithm. With analysis, it was showed that the group of process parameters obtained by BP-GA model and BP-PSO model based on the orthogonal experiment data were much better than that group obtained by orthogonal experiment. The optimal velocity of BP-PSO algorithm was faster than that of BP-PSO model.
Study of Parametric Effects on Aqueous Ammonia Process for Removal of SO2
Authors: Cong Xiao Chun , Sun Xu Jie , Xiang Wen Jiang , Yang Shu Li
Published: May 2011

A three-dimension computational fluid dynamics study on spray tower of aqueous ammonia process is presented. The gas flow is described using standard turbulence model ,and the motion of the liquid droples is described in a Lagrangian way, using the stochastic discrete particle mode. The influence of parameters including ammonia concentration, liquid gas ratio and porosity of air distributor on the efficiency of FGD was studied. When liquid-gas ratio is about 2.2, the concentration of NH3 is about 0.09% and the porosity of air distributor is between 70% and 80%, the SO2 removal efficiency of spray tower will be higher from the result. It can be taken as a reference for process design, optimization and intensive study of desulfurization by aqueous ammonia process.
Photoluminescence of Porous Silicon Doped with Europium Complexes
Authors: Tian Min , Zhong Fu Ru , Li Shuan Ming
Published: May 2011

Europium (Eu3+)/porous silicon (PS) nanocomposites have been formed by impregnation of PS layer in acetone solution of europium. The surface morphology of samples was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of samples shows an increased PL intensity of emission peak at 474 nm under excitation of 370 nm. It was found that there is an efficient energy transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+ and to Silicon nanocrystallites.
Fraction Distribution Changes of Heavy Metals in Co-Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge and Corn Straw
Authors: Zhang Qiu Rong , Zhang Shuang Quan , Pan Ting Ting
Published: May 2011

Maiz’s short sequential extraction procedure was used to extract the heavy metals in the carbon residues made from sewage sludge by co-pyrolysis with corn straw. The content of heavy metals in the residues was determined by ICP-MS to study the fraction distribution changes of heavy metals. It is concluded that the content of mobile and mobilization heavy metals exsisted in the residue decrease and the content of residual heavy metals increase due to the co-pyrolysis. The co-pyrolysis temperature has great effect on the fraction distribution changes of heavy metals. The content of residual fraction for Cr, Ni, Pb is up to the top at 700°C and for Cd、Cu、Zn is at 500°C. The carbon residues are unhazardous and safe.
Preparation of Alginate/Silica Composite Beads with In Vitro Apatite-Forming Ability
Authors: Xiao Fan , Gao Fei , Zhang Zhi Xian , Li Wei
Published: May 2011

Alginate/silica composite beads of mm-size for biomedical applications were prepared from water glass and sodium alginate via a simple sol-gel route. They kept their original shapes when soaked in the phosphate solution of lower pH. In this case, faint calcium phosphate peaks were observed in X-ray diffraction. Peaks corresponding to phosphate group were also found in FT-IR. Apatite was obtained on the surface of beads made with calcium chloride after soaking in phosphate solution while monetite was formed on the surface of beads made with calcium nitrate.
Reduction of Supercooling of Water by TiO2 Nanoparticles as Nucleating Agent
Authors: Mo Song Ping , Chen Ying , Jia Li Si , Li Xing , Luo Xiang Long
Published: May 2011

The solidification behaviors of titania(TiO2)-water nanofluid and deionized water (DI water) were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at cooling rates of 1.5—9.0 °C/min. The nanofluid with 0.3 wt% TiO2nanoparticles was prepared by dispersing the nanoparticles into DI water. The dispersion and stability was confirmed by a particle size and zeta potential analyzer. Experimental results show that the solidification temperature of the TiO2-water nanofluid was higher than that of DI water at the same cooling rate. The contact angles of TiO2 and the interior surface of the sample holder were measured, and the free energy barriers (FEB) of nucleation of the TiO2-water nanofluid and DI water were calculated. It was found that the FEB of nucleation induced by the TiO2 nanoparticles was lower than that by the flat surface, resulting in lower supercooling degree.
Preparation of Biodegradable Gradient Polymer by Microwave
Authors: Liu Ji Yan , Liu Xue Qing
Published: May 2011

A biodegradable gradient polymeric membrane based on chitosan (CS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been prepared by microwave technique. The composition and morphology variation along the thickness direction in membrane were measured by elemental analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The tensile properties of CS/PVA gradient membrane were tested. Results showed that the content of either polymer shows a gradient variation along the thickness direction. SEM photographs exhibit that morphology also evolves gradually with the varying percentage ratio of two polymers. As a result of such variations in composition and structure, the mechanical properties on both sides exhibit a significant difference. Compared with conventional isotropic membrane, gradient membrane has improved mechanical properties.
Graphitic Carbon-Coated ZrC- and Co-Nanoparticles Synthesized by Pulsed Plasma in Liquid
Authors: Chen Li Liang , Omurzak Emil , Takebe Shintaro , Iwamoto Chihiro , Mashimo Tsutomo
Published: May 2011

Graphitic carbon coated ZrC- and Co-nanoparticles were prepared by pulsed plasma in liquid (PPL); their structures were then investigated by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. In the process, metal electrodes were used as the metal source and liquid ethanol as the carbon source. The nanoparticles, with a small diameter size of 10 nm, have clear core/shell structures, indicating their potential for improving anti-oxidation properties and other applications.
Kinetic Process of Purple Cabbage Pigment on Macro Porous Absorbent Resin
Authors: Yi Jian Hua , Zhu Zhen Bao , Wu Yuan Fang
Published: May 2011

The adsorption kinetics of purple cabbage pigment (PCP) on LSA-21 macro porous adsorbent resin were studied at different adsorbent resin concentrations (1, 2, 4, 8 g adsorbent resin per liter of purple cabbage extraction solution) for the temperature range of 20~50°C. The results showed that the adsorption of PCP in purple cabbage extraction solution onto LSA-21 macro porous adsorbent resin is highly in agreement with both Langmuir and Freundlich models. Heat of adsorption (ΔH) value of 11.976 kJ/mol indicates the endothermic adsorption process. A decrease of Gibbs free energy (ΔG) with temperature increase also indicates the spontaneous nature of the process.
Determination Method and Extraction Process of Total Flavonoids from Leaves of Ilex Cornuta L.
Authors: Kuang Chun Tao , Li Xiang Zhou , Han Yan Li , Wu Yong Jun
Published: May 2011

Ilex Cornuta L is an important medicinal plant. Flavonoid compounds are its main biological compontents. AlCl3 method was identified as the appropriate determination method for total flavonoids content of extract obtained from the leaves of Ilex Cornuta L.. The proposed method was validated by the linearity, reproducibility, and recovery experiments. Good linearity was observed with the regression coefficient(R2= 0.999). The recovery rate was in the range of 94.9% and 110.0%, and the relative standard deviation was 2.8%, which indicated that the proposed method was credible. In addition, the extraction parameters including Ethanol concentration, solid-liquid ratio, extraction time and extraction times were optimized by means of an orthogonal design.
Modeling the Tensile Size-Dependency in Polymer Nanofiber Elasticity
Authors: Yuan Bo , Liu Qun Feng , Lin Cai , Chen Xiao Feng
Published: May 2011

In this paper, a higher order strain gradient model is constructed to predict this size dependence of the elastic property of nanofibers under uniaxial tensile tests. We can show that the size effects in tensile test can be explained using a new model based on the higher order strain gradient elasticity (HSGE). A series of mechanical testing were performed to verify the model, and good agreement is found between the model prediction and the data obtained in the experiment. Compared with the model prediction based on surface effect (SE), our model can better capture the size effect in tensile test.
Effect of PH-Shifting Treatment on the Biochemical and Thermal Properties of Myofibril Protein
Authors: Fu Xiang Jin , Lin Qin Lu , Li Zhong Hai , Xu Shi Ying , Kim Jin Moon
Published: May 2011

The pH-shifting treatment (including acid treatment and alkali treatment) caused partly denaturation and degrading of myofibril. The pH-shifting treatment increased the surface hydrophobicity, surface -SH content and total -SH content, reduced the Ca-ATPase activity. Acid treated myofibril (ACM) did not show any endothermic transition peak in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); while alkali treated myofibril (AKM) showed reduced T max value for myosin and actin. The SDS-PAGE indicated that acid treatment caused severe degrading of myosin heavy chain. High turbidity of ACM indicated more myofibril aggregated during acid treatment. The final G’ was in the decline order of M (550 Pa), AKM (135 Pa), and ACM (25 Pa). In conclusion, the alkali treatment was milder than the acid treatment.
Determination of Vitamin C by Infrared Spectroscopy Based on Nonlinear Modeling
Authors: Zhang Heng , Xu Zhao Tang , Li Wen Qian , Yang Shan Shan
Published: May 2011

The aim was to develop a nonlinearity model of quantitative analysis of vitamin C content by infrared spectroscopy and provide theoretical basis for nondestructive testing of vitamin C content in drugs. The infrared spectrum of vitamin C was smoothed and noise-eliminated by wavelet transform, which may obtained smooth curve and enhanced spectrum resolution. Absorption peak about 3000cm-1was selected as characteristic absorption peak to set up linearity or nonlinearity model. The result showed that nonlinearity model, correlation coefficient 0.9967, had more nicety than that of linearity model. The result of traditional titration of iodine as reference system, relative deviation of nonlinearity model was 2.75%, but that of linearity model was 28.03%. It was feasible and effective to determine vitamin C content by infrared spectroscopy based on nonlinear modeling.
Analysis and Experimental Study on Stability of Nonlinear Rotor-Bearing System
Authors: Gu Wei Dong , Wang Yong Liang , Fang Bo , Liu Zhan Sheng , Huang Wen Hu
Published: May 2011

The paper established the model of the practical Model test rig rotor-bearing system using finite element method, and discusses the phenomena of oil whirl and oil whip occurred in fluid lubricated bearing. The characteristics of stability of the nonlinear rotor-bearing system were numerically studied under different unbalance and different parameter of bearings, the model simulations are compared with measurements at the test rig, which can provide the theoretical reference for forecasting malfunction of oil film instability.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Interpenetrating Polymer Networks of Polydicyclopentadiene/Polystyrene
Authors: Xu Hua , Ning Qian , Yao Da Hu , He Yu Xin , Zhang Yu Qing
Published: May 2011

Novel interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) of Polydicyclopentadiene/Polystyrene (PDCPD/PS) were prepared by in-situ polymerization using Ziegler-Natta and peroxide as double catalytic systems. The structure of PDCPD/PS alloy was characterized by Soxhlet extraction, infrared spectrum (IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the polymerization of dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) was facilitated in the presence of styrene and the rate of polymerization as well as the conversion of PDCPD was improved with styrene content. The strong IR absorption peaks of PS indicated high penetration of PS within PDCPD networks, and in the process forming IPNs. There were no obvious traces of PS in the alloy brittle fracture, which prepared in liquid nitrogen and was etched by toluene. This result also demonstrated that PS was dispersed in molecular level in the polymer alloy networks and it tangled with PDCPD. The measurements mechanical properties showed that the tensile strength of the polymer alloy was improved with styrene content. This may be due to homogeneous dispersion of PS in the IPNs. The synergistic effect of PS and PDCPD also played a part in enhancing the mechanical properties of polymer alloy.
The Research of Chromatography Media in Separating and Purifying the Gangliosides of Porcine Brain
Authors: Li Gui Feng , Liu Qing Hua , Li Chuan Sheng , Zhu Ai Guo , Wang Xue , Shi Yan , Ma Bin
Published: May 2011

Ganglioside is a kind of acidic glycosphingolipid containing sialic acid. It is the major component of nerve cells and has a very important biological activity. This study is based on the molecular structure of ganglioside and the absorption of stovall stone to various ions. The chromatography media made by stovall stone loading chitosan has a better adsorption to gangliosides. The experiment showed that the best adsorption parameters are 8BV, chloroform: methanol (1:4), PH = 5.5, temperature is 2.0°C; Resolution: the mixture of chloroform, methanol and 0.9 mol/L NaAC (30:58:12 v/v/v) which is 10 times the volume of the filtrate, 8BV, PH = 5.5, temperature is 1.5°C and 22BV, 0.3mol/L methanol solution of potassium acetate; 180mg gangliosides with 75% purity were obtained from 300g fresh porcine brain. The recovery rate reached 95%. The target compound was confirmed by IR, UV and HPLC. Compared with the current method, this method is more suitable for industrial production.
Expression, Purification and Characterization of Recombinant Human Gelatin in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Liu Bin , Lei Yun Ting , Zhang Jing , Hu Li , Yang Shu Lin
Published: May 2011

Based on the idiographic character of collagenous domain of human type III collagen, a recombinant human gelatin monomeric gene (gel) was designed and synthesized. All hydrophobic amino acids (proline excluded) were replaced by hydrophilic amino acids to improve the hydrophilic properties, and the codons encoding amino acids were optimized according toPichia pastorisbias usage. Then a recombinant human gelatin expression vector pPIC9KG6 containing six monomeric genes ligated in the same orientation was constructed successfully. After verificated the validity of construction by DNA sequencing, the recombinant vector pPIC9KG6 was electroporated into thePichia pastorisGS115, and Mut+pPIC9KG6 transformants were selected on the basis of G418 resistance. Then a high-level expression strain was picked up from transformants by analyzing their recombinant protein expression levels. SDS-PAGE analysis of cell lysate and fermentation supernatant of the high-level expression strain showed that recombinant human gelatin can be expressed intracellularly and secreted expression, and its expression level reaches 16.06 g per liter. Secreted recombinant human gelatin was purified from fermentation supernatant by gel filtration chromatography. By UV spectroscopy and FTIR and SEM, it was confirmed that purified recombinant human gelatin is similar to animal-derived gelatin in protein structure.
Inhibition Mechanism and Kinetic Model for Ozagrel on Mushroom Tyrosinase
Authors: Shu Bai Li , Fan Ya Juan , Zhang Qi Meng , Liu Ying Li , Gu Yue
Published: May 2011

This investigation shows that ozagrel, an antithrombotic drug, can inhibit mushroom tyrosinase well. The IC50 value was 3.45 mmol/L. Ozagrel was estimated to be a reversible mixed-type inhibitor of mushroom tyrosinase by Lineweaver-Burk plots. The inhibition kinetics has been studied by using the kinetic method of the substrate reaction described by Tsou. The constants of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-substrate complex inhibited by 1.0 mmol/L ozagrel have been determined to be 87.28 and 66.07 µmol/L, respectively.
The Antibody Preparation of Human-Like Collagen
Authors: He Xin , Zhu Xiao Li , Fan Dai Di
Published: May 2011

Human-like collagen (HLC) is giant molecule bio-protein which produced by gene engineering. The biology characteristic of HLC is very special, such as the faction about good biocompatibility, cell adhesion, to promote new cell formation and cellula epithelialis formation, and hemostatic function. In this article we adopt the traditional method to produce the polyclonal antibody which injected the antigen into BALB/C mouse. And use the ELISA to detect the valence of antibody. Then prepare the polyclonal antibody for the purpose of gives us a convenience and dependable method to detect the product.
Preparation of Amorphous Nano-Sized Ni(OH)2 with the System of Tween-80/n-C4H9OH/c-C6H12
Authors: Liu Chang Jiu , Chen Shi Juan , Qi Mei Rong
Published: May 2011

In this paper, cathode material nickel hydroxide powder of MH-Ni battery was prepared through the method of micro emulsion deepfreeze deposition with the system of Tween-80/n-C4H9OH/c-C6H12/NiSO4 solution. By measurement of the maximum content of water of different micro-emulsion system, optimum system was determined. The effect of temprature, concentration and amount of nickel sulfate solution to the particle size of the sample powder was also discussed. The structural morphology of the sample powder were analyzed and measured by XRD, SAED, SEM, TEM and particle size distribution of the sample was also analyzed. The results showed that the sample was amorphous nano-sized particles, and the size distribution was wide.