bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-throughput engineering of a mammalian genome reveals building principles of methylation states at CG rich regions
Authors: Krebs Arnaud R , Dessus-Babus Sophie , Burger Lukas , Schübeler Dirk
Published: September 2014

The majority of mammalian promoters are CpG islands; regions of high CG density that require protection from DNA methylation to be functional. Importantly, how sequence architecture mediates this unmethylated state remains unclear. To address this question in a comprehensive manner, we developed a method to interrogate methylation states of hundreds of sequence variants inserted at the same genomic site in mouse embryonic stem cells. Using this assay, we were able to quantify the contribution of various sequence motifs towards the resulting DNA methylation state. Modeling of this comprehensive dataset revealed that CG density alone is a minor determinant of their unmethylated state. Instead, these data argue for a principal role for transcription factor binding sites, a prediction confirmed by testing synthetic mutant libraries. Taken together, these findings establish the hierarchy between the two cis-encoded mechanisms that define the DNA methylation state and thus the transcriptional competence of CpG islands.
Propene
Authors: Zimmermann Heinz
Published: September 2014

The article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Physical and Chemical Properties3.Production3.1.Production as Byproduct of Ethylene Production3.2.Production as Byproduct of Refinery Processes3.3.On‐Purpose Production of Propene3.3.1.Propane Dehydrogenation3.3.1.1.Oleflex Process3.3.1.2.Catofin Process3.3.1.3.STAR Process3.3.1.4.Linde Process3.3.2.Metathesis for Propene Production3.3.3.Olefin Cracking and Interconversion3.3.4.Catalytic Steam Cracking (ACO Process)3.3.5.Methanol‐based Production4.Storage, Transportation, Quality Requirements5.Uses5.1.Thermal Uses5.2.Chemical Uses5.2.1.Polypropylene5.2.2.Acrylonitrile5.2.3.Propene Oxide5.2.4.2‐Propanol5.2.5.Cumene5.2.6.Acrylic Acid6.Economic Aspects7.Toxicology and Occupational Health
Ocean dynamics and tropical Pacific climate change in ocean reanalyses and coupled climate models
Authors: Yang Chunxue , Giese Benjamin S. , Wu Lixin
Published: September 2014

The role of ocean dynamics in tropical Pacific climate change is studied using an ensemble run of Simple Ocean Data Assimilation—sparse input version 1 (SODAsi.1) and the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) historical runs. An eight‐member ensemble of ocean reanalyses (SODAsi.1) from 1871 to 2008 is produced by using forcing from eight ensemble members of an atmospheric reanalysis. The long‐term trends of tropical Pacific surface temperature, wind stress, subsurface temperature, and strength of the subtropical cells (STCs) are analyzed. The ensemble reanalysis shows that there is a slight cooling trend of surface and subsurface temperature in the central tropical Pacific due to enhanced tropical Pacific circulation. The STCs, which consist of equatorial upwelling, Ekman transport, extratropical subduction, and pycnocline transport from the subtropical to the tropical region, strengthen from 1900 to 2008. When the STCs are accelerated, equatorial upwelling increases bringing cold water from the subsurface that cools the surface. An increasing trend in convergence transport is mainly from the Southern Hemisphere. In contrast with the reanalysis most of the CMIP5 models have warming trends at the surface and the transport of the STCs has a decreasing trend. The CMIP5 models also underestimate tropical Pacific Ocean circulation relative to the reanalysis that is mostly due to differences in wind forcing.
Widely Adjustable and Quasi‐Reversible Electrochromic Device Based on Core–Shell Au–Ag Plasmonic Nanoparticles
Authors: Feng Ziying , Jiang Chen , He Yang , Chu Sheng , Chu Guang , Peng Rufang , Li Dongdong
Published: September 2014

Plasmonic effects in Au–Ag nanostructures are utilized to realize novel electrochromic device. A quasi ordered Au–Ag core–shell nanoparticle array is realized by thermal evaporation of Au and electrochemical deposition of Ag into a SiO2 hole array assisted by anodic aluminium oxide membranes. The thickness of the Ag shell could be changed by alternating the electrochemical deposition time: as a result, the color of the device can be widely and quasi‐reversibly tuned through this electrical control.
Rational Control of Diffraction and Interference from Conformal Phase Gratings: Toward High‐Resolution 3D Nanopatterning
Authors: Hyun Jerome K. , Park Junyong , Kim Eunhye , Lauhon Lincoln J. , Jeon Seokwoo
Published: September 2014

The effective control of the zeroth order diffraction efficiency in phase gratings is a key technique that enables implementation of high‐performance optical elements. An interesting and unexplored application is in the field of phase mask interference lithography, which uses a conformal grating to generate periodic 3D nanopatterns by the optically formed Talbot image. A good understanding of the influence of phase and diffraction on the Talbot image is necessary for achieving rational design of 3D nanopatterns, especially in the regime where the grating periodicity is close to the wavelength and where scalar treatments fail to accurately capture the phase optics. The ability to precisely control diffraction and interference in this regime is illustrated by tuning the grating height in the phase mask up to values that exceed a full phase cycle. These results highlight a powerful degree of freedom and solid guidelines for controlling the structural resolution of optically generated 3D nanopatterns.
Role of block copolymer on the coarsening of morphology in polymer blend: Effect of micelles
Authors: Huang Chongwen , Yu Wei
Published: September 2014

The reactive compatibilization of polystyrene/ethylene‐α‐octene copolymer (PS/POE) blend via Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction was investigated by rheology and electron microscope. It was found that the graft copolymer formed from interfacial reaction reduced the domain size and decreased the coarsening rate of morphology. The reduction of the interfacial tension is very limited according to the mean field theory even assuming that all block copolymer stays on the interface. With the help of self‐consistent field theory and rheological constitutive models, the distribution of graft copolymer was successfully estimated. It was found that large amount of copolymer had detached from the interfaces and formed micelles in the matrix. Both the block copolymer micelles in matrix and the block copolymers at the interface contribute to the suppression of coarsening in polymer blend, but play their roles at different stages of droplet coalescence. In droplet morphology, the micelles mainly hinder the approaching of droplets. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 285–295, 2015
Urban and rural infant‐feeding practices and health in early medieval Central Europe (9th–10th Century, Czech Republic)
Authors: Kaupová* Sylva , Herrscher Estelle , Velemínský Petr , Cabut Sandrine , Poláček Lumír , Brůžek Jaroslav
Published: September 2014

In the Central European context, the 9th and 10th centuries are well known for rapid cultural and societal changes concerning the development of the economic and political structures of states as well as the adoption of Christianity. A bioarchaeological study based on a subadult skeletal series was conducted to tackle the impact of these changes on infant and young child feeding practices and, consequently, their health in both urban and rural populations. Data on growth and frequency of nonspecific stress indicators of a subadult group aged 0–6 years were analyzed. A subsample of 41 individuals was selected for nitrogen and carbon isotope analyses, applying an intra‐individual sampling strategy (bone vs. tooth). The isotopic results attest to a mosaic of food behaviors. In the urban sample, some children may have been weaned during their second year of life, while some others may have still been consuming breast milk substantially up to 4–5 years of age. By contrast, data from the rural sample show more homogeneity, with a gradual cessation of breastfeeding starting after the age of 2 years. Several factors are suggested which may have been responsible for applied weaning strategies. There is no evidence that observed weaning strategies affected the level of biological stress which the urban subadult population had to face compared with the rural subadult population. Am J Phys Anthropol 155:635–651, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mendelian randomization of serum urate and parkinson disease progression
Authors: Simon Kelly Claire , Eberly Shirley , Gao Xiang , Oakes David , Tanner Caroline M. , Shoulson Ira , Fahn Stanley , Schwarzschild Michael A. , Ascherio Alberto ,   on behalf of the Parkinson Study Group
Published: September 2014

Objective

Higher serum urate concentrations predict more favorable prognosis in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). The purpose of this study was to test the causality of this association using a Mendelian randomization approach.

Methods

The study was conducted among participants in DATATOP and PRECEPT, 2 randomized trials among patients with early PD. The 808 patients with available DNA were genotyped for 3 SLC2A9 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that identify an allele associated with lower urate concentrations, and for selected SNPs in other genes encoding urate transporters that have modest or no effect on serum urate levels. An SLC2A9 score was created based on the total number of minor alleles at the 3 SLC2A9 loci. Primary outcome was disability requiring dopaminergic treatment.

Results

Serum urate concentrations were 0.69mg/dl lower among individuals with ≥4 SLC2A9 minor alleles as compared to those with ≤2 (p = 0.0002). The hazard ratio (HR) for progression to disability requiring dopaminergic treatment increased with increasing SLC2A9 score (HR = 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00–1.35, p = 0.056). In a comparative analysis, the HR was 1.27 (95% CI = 1.00–1.61, p = 0.0497) for a 0.5mg/dl genetically conferred decrease in serum urate, and 1.05 (95% CI = 1.01–1.10, p = 0.0133) for a 0.5mg/dl decrease in measured serum urate. No associations were found between polymorphisms in other genes associated with urate that do not affect serum urate and PD progression.

Interpretation

This Mendelian randomization analysis adds to the evidence of a causal protective effect of high urate levels. Ann Neurol 2014;76:862–868
Muscles Involved in Naris Dilation and Nose Motion in Rat
Authors: Deschênes Martin , Haidarliu Sebastian , Demers Maxime , Moore Jeffrey , Kleinfeld David , Ahissar Ehud
Published: September 2014

In a number of mammals muscle dilator nasi (naris) has been described as a muscle that reduces nasal airflow resistance by dilating the nostrils. Here we show that in rats the tendon of this muscle inserts into the aponeurosis above the nasal cartilage. Electrical stimulation of this muscle raises the nose and deflects it laterally towards the side of stimulation, but does not change the size of the nares. In alert head‐restrained rats, electromyographic recordings of muscle dilator nasi reveal that it is active during nose motion rather than nares dilation. Together these results suggest an alternative role for the muscle dilator nasi in directing the nares for active odor sampling rather than dilating the nares. We suggest that dilation of the nares results from contraction of muscles of the maxillary division of muscle nasolabialis profundus. This muscle group attaches to the outer wall of the nasal cartilage and to the plate of the mystacial pad. Contraction of these muscles exerts a dual action: it pulls the lateral nasal cartilage outward, thus dilating the naris, and drags the plate of the mystacial pad rostrally to produce a slight retraction of the vibrissae. On the basis of these results, we propose that muscle dilator nasi of the rat should be re‐named muscle deflector nasi, and that the maxillary parts of muscle nasolabialis profundus should be referred to as muscle dilator nasi. Anat Rec, 298:546–553, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Theoretical analysis of AC electric field transmission into biological tissue through frozen saline for electroporation
Authors: Xiao Chunyan , Rubinsky Boris
Published: September 2014

An analytical model was used to explore the feasibility of sinusoidal electric field transmission across a frozen saline layer into biological tissue. The study is relevant to electroporation and permeabilization of the cell membrane by electric fields. The concept was analyzed for frequencies in the range of conventional electroporation frequencies and electric field intensity. Theoretical analysis for a variety of tissues show that the transmission of electroporation type electric fields through a layer of frozen saline into tissue is feasible and the behavior of this composite system depends on tissue type, frozen domain temperature, and frequency. Freezing could become a valuable method for adherence of electroporation electrodes to moving tissue surfaces, such as the heart in the treatment of atrial fibrillation or blood vessels for the treatment of restenosis. Bioelectromagnetics 35:607–613, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
X‐ray phase contrast imaging of calcified tissue and biomaterial structure in bioreactor engineered tissues
Authors: Appel Alyssa A. , Larson Jeffery C. , Garson Alfred B. , Guan Huifeng , Zhong Zhong , Nguyen Bao‐Ngoc B. , Fisher John P. , Anastasio Mark A. , Brey Eric M.
Published: September 2014

Tissues engineered in bioreactor systems have been used clinically to replace damaged tissues and organs. In addition, these systems are under continued development for many tissue engineering applications. The ability to quantitatively assess material structure and tissue formation is critical for evaluating bioreactor efficacy and for preimplantation assessment of tissue quality. Techniques that allow for the nondestructive and longitudinal monitoring of large engineered tissues within the bioreactor systems will be essential for the translation of these strategies to viable clinical therapies. X‐ray Phase Contrast (XPC) imaging techniques have shown tremendous promise for a number of biomedical applications owing to their ability to provide image contrast based on multiple X‐ray properties, including absorption, refraction, and scatter. In this research, mesenchymal stem cell‐seeded alginate hydrogels were prepared and cultured under osteogenic conditions in a perfusion bioreactor. The constructs were imaged at various time points using XPC microcomputed tomography (µCT). Imaging was performed with systems using both synchrotron‐ and tube‐based X‐ray sources. XPC µCT allowed for simultaneous three‐dimensional (3D) quantification of hydrogel size and mineralization, as well as spatial information on hydrogel structure and mineralization. Samples were processed for histological evaluation and XPC showed similar features to histology and quantitative analysis consistent with the histomorphometry. These results provide evidence of the significant potential of techniques based on XPC for noninvasive 3D imaging engineered tissues grown in bioreactors. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 612–620. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improving product yields on D‐glucose in Escherichia coli via knockout of pgi and zwf and feeding of supplemental carbon sources
Authors: Shiue Eric , Brockman Irene M. , Prather Kristala L. J.
Published: September 2014

The use of lignocellulosic biomass as a feedstock for microbial fermentation processes presents an opportunity for increasing the yield of bioproducts derived directly from glucose. Lignocellulosic biomass consists of several fermentable sugars, including glucose, xylose, and arabinose. In this study, we investigate the ability of an E. coli Δpgi Δzwf mutant to consume alternative carbon sources (xylose, arabinose, and glycerol) for growth while reserving glucose for product formation. Deletion of pgi and zwf was found to eliminate catabolite repression as well as the ability of E. coli to consume glucose for biomass formation. In addition, the yield from glucose of the bioproduct D‐glucaric acid was significantly increased in a Δpgi Δzwf strain. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 579–587. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surface display of roGFP for monitoring redox status of extracellular microenvironments in Shewanella oneidensis biofilms
Authors: Sivakumar Krishnakumar , Mukherjee Manisha , Cheng Hsin‐I , Zhang Yingdan , Ji Lianghui , Cao Bin
Published: September 2014

Biofilms are the most ubiquitous and resilient form of microbial life on earth. One most important feature of a biofilm is the presence of a self‐produced matrix, which creates highly heterogeneous and dynamic microenvironments within biofilms. Redox status in biofilm microenvironments plays a critical role in biofilm development and function. However, there is a lack of non‐intrusive tools to quantify extracellular redox status of microenvironments within a biofilm matrix. In this study, using Shewanella oneidensis as a model organism, we demonstrated a novel approach to monitor extracellular redox status in biofilm microenvironments. Specifically, we displayed a redox sensitive fluorescence protein roGFP onto the cell surface of S. oneidensis by fusing it to the C‐terminus of BpfA, a large surface protein, and used the surface displayed roGFP as a sensor to quantify the extracellular redox status in the matrix of S. oneidensis biofilms. The fusion of roGFP into BpfA has no negative impacts on cell growth and biofilm formation. Upon exposure to oxidizing agents such as H2O2, Ag+, and SeO32−, S. oneidensis BpfA‐roGFP cells exhibited a characteristic fluorescence of roGFP. Proteinase treatment assay and super‐resolution structured illumination microscopy confirmed the surface localization of BpfA‐roGFP. We further used the surface displayed roGFP monitored the extracellular redox status in the matrix at different depths of a biofilm exposed to H2O2. This study provides a novel approach to non‐invasively monitor extracellular redox status in microenvironments within biofilms, which can be used to understand redox responses of biofilms to environmental perturbations. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 512–520. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Different ophthalmic artery origins: Embryology and clinical significance
Authors: Louw Louise
Published: September 2014

This retrospective study gives a summary of ophthalmic artery (OA) variations to serve as guidelines for surgical interventionists and trainees. Pubmed and Medline searches were conducted. The OA usually arises intradurally (superomedial, anteromedial, or rarely superolateral) from the internal carotid artery (ICA). Rare extradural origin (primitive dorsal OA) (PDOA) remnant and extremely rare interdural origin (primitive ventral OA) (PVOA) remnant are of significance when sectioning the dural ring. Rarely, a persistent PDOA with ICA origin, or a PDOA remnant with inferolateral trunk origin, enters the orbit via the superior orbital fissure (SOF) for sole or partial orbital supply. Extremely rare, the PDOA and PVOA persist and form double OAs that arise from the ICA and run via the SOF and optic foramen. Occasionally, the OA arises from the middle meningeal artery (MMA), when both the PDOA and VDOA regress and enter the orbit via the SOF. Sole orbital supply via the external carotid artery (ECA), i.e. meningo‐ophthalmic artery and/or MMA branches, or dual OAs (ECA and ICA origins) may occur. Other rare OA origins include anterior or posterior communicating artery; anterior or middle cerebral artery; basilar artery; posterior inferior cerebellar artery; and the carotid bifurcation. Primitive arteries (persistent or remnant), and/or abnormal anastomoses play pivotal roles in manifestations of OA variations. Of clinical importance are orbital collateral routes and dangerous extracranial‐intracranial anastomoses. Awareness of OA origins and collateral routes is imperative for transarterial embolizations or infusion chemotherapy in the ECA territory to prevent visual complications. Clin. Anat. 28:576–583, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Physical examination of the female internal and external genitalia with and without pelvic organ prolapse: A review
Authors: Pahwa Avita K. , Siegelman Evan S. , Arya Lily A.
Published: September 2014

Pelvic organ prolapse, a herniation of pelvic organs through the vagina, is a common condition in older women. Pelvic organ prolapse distorts vaginal anatomy making pelvic examination difficult. A clinician must accurately identify anatomic landmarks both in women presenting with symptoms of prolapse and in women noted to have coincidental prolapse during routine gynecologic examination. We present a systematic approach to the female pelvic examination including anatomic landmarks of the external genitalia, vagina, and uterus in women with normal support as well as changes that occur with pelvic organ prolapse. Knowledge and awareness of normal anatomic landmarks will improve a clinician's ability to identify defects in pelvic support and allow for better diagnosis and treatment of pelvic organ prolapse. Clin. Anat. 28:305–313, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Molybdenum Sulfides and Selenides as Possible Electrocatalysts for CO2 Reduction
Authors: Chan Karen , Tsai Charlie , Hansen Heine A. , Noerskov Jens K.
Published: September 2014

DFT calculations
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Allylboronates and Allylic Alcohols by Copper‐Catalyzed 1,6‐Boration.
Authors: Luo Yunfei , Roy Iain D. , Madec Amael G. E. , Lam Hon Wai
Published: September 2014

Highly enantioselective synthesis of δ‐hydroxy‐β,γ‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds is achieved by copper‐catalyzed 1,6‐boration using bis(pinacolato)diboron in the presence of a Cu(I) Josiphos complex as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Conversion of Methylarenes into Dithiocarbamates, Thioamides and Benzyl Esters.
Authors: Guntreddi Tirumaleswararao , Vanjari Rajeshwer , Singh Krishna Nand
Published: September 2014

Initial treatment of methylarenes with NBS and catalytic amounts of tBuOOH followed by reaction with carboxylic acids, S8 and amine, or CS2 and amine allow the synthesis of benzyl esters, thioamides and dithiocarbamates.
ChemInform Abstract: An Elegant Protocol for the Synthesis of N‐Substituted Pyrroles Through C—N Cross Coupling/Aromatization Process Using CuFe2O4 Nanoparticles as Catalyst under Ligand‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Satish G. , Reddy K. Harsha Vardhan , Ramesh K. , Kumar B. S. P. Anil , Nageswar Y. V. D.
Published: September 2014

The catalyst can be recycled and reused for up to 4 cycles without significant loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct C—N Coupling of Imidazoles with Aromatic and Benzylic Compounds via Electrooxidative C—H Functionalization.
Authors: Morofuji Tatsuya , Shimizu Akihiro , Yoshida Jun‐ichi
Published: September 2014

The use of protected imidazolium compounds as initial products avoiding overoxidation is the key to the success of this method.
ChemInform Abstract: A Radical Thia‐Brook Rearrangement.
Authors: Quiclet‐Sire Beatrice , Zard Samir Z.
Published: September 2014

A hitherto unknown migration of a silicon group from carbon to sulfur by a radical chain mechanism is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)‐Lentiginosine Using a Chiral Aziridine Based Approach.
Authors: Yoon Hojong , Cho Kyung Seon , Sim Taebo
Published: September 2014

The title alkaloid is obtained in 12 steps in 8.9% overall yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Red‐Emitting Nanocrystalline Phosphor CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ Derived from Elementary Constituents.
Authors: Cho Junsang , Bang Bo Keuk , Jeong Seok Jong , Kim Chang Hae
Published: September 2014

The highly efficient red‐emitting title phosphor is prepared by a one‐pot ammonothermal method by dissolving Ca, Al, Si, and Eu in supercritical ammonia containing sodium azide as a mineralizer at 400 °C followed by increasing the reaction temperature to 580 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Approaches to 3‐(2‐Nitroalkyl) Indoles and Their Use to Access Tryptamines and Related Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Lancianesi Stefano , Palmieri Alessandro , Petrini Marino
Published: September 2014

Review: 335 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Abyssomicins: Isolation, Properties, and Synthesis
Authors: Savic Vladimir
Published: September 2014

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Triplet Alkyl Nitrenes
Authors: Muthukrishnan Sivaramakrishnan , Ranaweera Ranaweera A. A. U. , Gudmundsdottir Anna D.
Published: September 2014

Review: solution and solid‐state reactivity of triplet alkyl nitrenes in photolysis of azidoalkanes; 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Fluoromalonate Esters: Fluoroaliphatic Building Blocks for the Life Sciences
Authors: Harsanyi Antal , Sandford Graham
Published: September 2014

Review: 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Borylcarbonyl Compounds: From Transient Intermediates to Robust Building Blocks
Authors: He Zhi , Zajdlik Adam , Yudin Andrei K.
Published: September 2014

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct and Indirect Single Electron Transfer (SET)‐Photochemical Approaches for the Preparation of Novel Phthalimide and Naphthalimide‐Based Lariat‐Type Crown Ethers
Authors: Cho Dae Won , Mariano Patrick S. , Yoon Ung Chan
Published: September 2014

Review: 87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclic Synthesis via Catalysis with N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes: Very Classical and Very Modern Chemical Species
Authors: Okano Takashi
Published: September 2014

Review: 101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic CO2 Conversion to Organic Carbonates with Alcohols in Combination with Dehydration System
Authors: Honda Masayoshi , Tamura Masazumi , Nakagawa Yoshinao , Tomishige Keiichi
Published: September 2014

Review: 186 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Radical Cations and Neutral Radicals Produced by Radiation in Low‐Temperature Matrices
Authors: Feldman Vladimir I.
Published: September 2014

Review: 164 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dithiolopyrrolone Natural Products. Isolation, Synthesis, and Biosynthesis
Authors: Qin Zhiwei , Huang Sheng , Yu Yi , Deng Hai
Published: September 2014

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: High Throughput Technology: Approaches of Research in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Schunk Stephan A. , Boehmer Natalia , Futter Cornelia , Kuschel Andreas , Prasetyo Eko , Roussiere Thomas
Published: September 2014

Review: 224 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Brief Survey on Basic Properties of Thin Films for Device Application
Authors: Rao M. C. , Shekhawat M. S.
Published: September 2014

Review: 19 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of Brownmillerite Ba2InGaO5.
Authors: Didier Christophe , Claridge John , Rosseinsky Matthew
Published: September 2014

The title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of BaCO3, Ga2O3, and In2O3 (alumina boat, 12 h at either 1100, 1200, or 1300 °C under ambient air) and characterized by powder XRD, time‐of‐flight neutron diffraction, and impedance measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures of Na2SeO4·1.5H2O and Na2SeO4·10H2O.
Authors: Weil Matthias , Bonneau Barbara
Published: September 2014

Na2SeO4·1.5H2O (I) and Na2SeO4·10H2O (II) are precipitated from a ≈60 wt% H2SeO4 solution containing excess Na2CO3 solution, drying in air, and redissolution of the anhydrous product in small amounts of H2O followed by evaporation at 300, 293, and 280 K.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of Cs2[Th(NO3)6].
Authors: Woidy Patrick , Kraus Florian
Published: September 2014

Cs2[Th(NO3)6] is prepared by reacting stoichiometric amounts of Th(NO3)4·5H2O and CsNO3 in H2O (333 K).
ChemInform Abstract: Mg Dopant in Cu2SnSe3: An N‐Type Former and a Promoter of Electrical Mobility up to 387 cm2V‐1s‐1.
Authors: Kuo Dong‐Hau , Wubet Walelign
Published: September 2014

Mg‐doped (Cu2‐xMgx)SnSe3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) bulk materials are prepared by a two‐step liquid‐phase reactive sintering method from mixtures of Cu2Se, SnSe2, and Mg using Te and Sb2S3 as soluble sintering aids (550 °C for 2 h and 300 °C for 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Fermi Arcs in a Doped Pseudospin‐1/2 Heisenberg Antiferromagnet.
Authors: Kim Y. K. , Krupin O. , Denlinger J. D. , Bostwick A. , Rotenberg E. , Zhao Q. , Mitchell J. F. , Allen J. W. , Kim B. J.
Published: September 2014

As revealed by angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy, electron‐doped Sr2IrO4 shows disconnected segments of zero‐energy states (Fermi arcs) and a gap as large as 80 meV.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Isostructural Layered Oxohalide Compounds Containing Mn2+, Te4+ and Si4+; Crystal Structure and Magnetic Susceptibility.
Authors: Zimmermann Iwan , Kremer Reinhard K. , Johnsson Mats
Published: September 2014

The new compounds Mn4(TeO3)(SiO4)X2 (X: Br, Cl) are synthesized by solid state reaction of MnO, MnX2, SiO2, and TeO2 (evacuated silica tube, 500—550 °C, 60 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Tertiary Alkyl Fluorides: Negishi Cross‐Couplings of Racemic α,α‐Dihaloketones.
Authors: Liang Yufan , Fu Gregory C.
Published: September 2014

This asymmetric cross‐coupling method employs geminal dihalides as electrophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative C—O Cross‐Coupling of Ketene Dithioacetals and Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Liang Deqiang , Wang Mang , Dong Ying , Guo Yaru , Liu Qun
Published: September 2014

using Pd(O‐Ac)2 as catalyst and PhI(O‐Ac)2 as oxidant
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Domino Reaction of CO2, Amines and Allyl Chlorides under Iridium Catalysis: Formation of Allyl Carbamates.
Authors: Zhang Min , Zhao Xiaoming , Zheng Shengcai
Published: September 2014

The title reaction affords also the corresponding allylamine in up to 13% isolated yield as by‐product.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Comparative Photoswitching Studies of Unsymmetrical 2,3‐Diarylcyclopent‐2‐en‐1‐ones.
Authors: Shirinian Valerii Z. , Lvov Andrey G. , Krayushkin Mikhail M. , Lubuzh Elena D. , Nabatov Boris V.
Published: September 2014

Some title compounds like (III) are prepared and studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Sustainable Heterogeneous Platinum Catalyst for Direct Methylation of Secondary Amines by Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen.
Authors: Kon Kenichi , Siddiki S. M. A. Hakim , Onodera Wataru , Shimizu Ken‐ichi
Published: September 2014

Pt and MoOx co‐loaded TiO2 is found to be highly effective for direct methylation of aliphatic and aromatic secondary amines by CO2 and H2 under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling of Aryl Iodides and tert‐Butyl β‐Keto Esters: Efficient Access to α‐Aryl Ketones and α‐Arylacetic Acid tert‐Butyl Esters.
Authors: Zhao Duo , Jiang Yongwen , Ma Dawei
Published: September 2014

Optimized reaction conditions allow the chemoselective synthesis of α‐arylketones (III) and (V) or α‐arylacetic acids (VII) through copper catalyzed coupling of iodides and β‐keto esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Diketones from Alkylaryl‐ and Diarylalkynes Using Mercuric Salts.
Authors: Jung Michael E. , Deng Gang
Published: September 2014

This new method is limited to nitrate and triflate mercuric salts.
ChemInform Abstract: ortho‐Benzoxylation of N‐Alkyl Benzamides with Aromatic Acids Catalyzed by Ruthenium(II) Complex.
Authors: Padala Kishor , Jeganmohan Masilamani
Published: September 2014

The title reaction proceeds with high regioselectivity and works well in the presence of various functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Oxidative Procedure for the Synthesis of Benzamides from Styrenes and Amines under Metal‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Sharif Muhammad , Gong Jin‐Long , Langer Peter , Beller Matthias , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: September 2014

The first example of oxidative transformation with no transition metal catalyst for the synthesis of benzamides from styrenes and amines in the presence of tert‐butyl hydroperoxide is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Efficient Cu‐Catalyzed S‐Transfer Reaction: From Amine to Sulfide.
Authors: Li Yiming , Pu Jiahua , Jiang Xuefeng
Published: September 2014

A copper‐catalyzed sulfur transfer reaction between arylamines, alkyl halides, and sodium thiosulfate is described to convert aromatic amines to a variety of alkyl aryl sulfides in a one‐pot manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyanoborohydride‐Promoted Radical Arylation of Benzene.
Authors: Kawamoto Takuji , Sato Aoi , Ryu Ilhyong
Published: September 2014

This radical arylation is tolerant to a wide range of functional groups and is highlighted by its chemoselectivity [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Furanodendralenes.
Authors: Fallon Thomas , Willis Anthony C. , Paddon‐Row Michael N. , Sherburn Michael S.
Published: September 2014

Diels—Alder reactions of furan‐containing dendralene analogs are investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Construction of All‐Carbon Quaternary Center by Means of Chiral Phosphoric Acid: Highly Enantioselective Friedel—Crafts Reaction of Indoles with β,β‐Disubstituted Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Mori Keiji , Wakazawa Manari , Akiyama Takahiko
Published: September 2014

Friedel‐Crafts alkylation of indoles by (Z)‐nitroalkenes proceeds highly enantioselective in the presence of chiral phosphoric acid.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of Benzimidazoles and Quinoxalines from Aromatic Diamines and Alcohols by Iridium‐Catalyzed Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Alkylation.
Authors: Hille Toni , Irrgang Torsten , Kempe Rhett
Published: September 2014

The synthesis of benzimidazoles starting from aromatic diamines and alcohols is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot, Four‐Component Synthesis of Novel Cytotoxic Agents 1‐(5‐Aryl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)‐1‐(1H‐pyrrol‐2‐yl)methanamines.
Authors: Shafiee Abbas , et al. et al.
Published: September 2014

Some new compounds, e.g. (Vd), (Vf) and (Vg), exhibit better or comparable cytotoxic activities against cancer cell lines A549, HT29 or HT1080 in comparison to the reference drug doxorubicin.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiproliferative Studies of 5‐Aryl‐2‐(3‐thienylamino)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles.
Authors: Revelant Germain , Gadais Charlene , Mathieu Veronique , Kirsch Gilbert , Hesse Stephanie
Published: September 2014

A wide range of the title compounds (IV) are formed in good yields in two steps starting from thiophen‐3‐isothiocyanates.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Alkynyl Aryl Ethers to Allenes to Form a 2,3‐Bismethylidene‐2,3‐dihydro‐4H‐1‐benzopyran Framework.
Authors: Minami Yasunori , Kanda Mayuko , Hiyama Tamejiro
Published: September 2014

The palladium‐catalyzed cycloaddition of alkynyl aryl ethers (I) to various allenes gives benzopyran derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 2,2‐Dialkyl‐3‐thioxochroman‐4‐one S‐(1‐Adamantylimides) with Some Nitrilimines.
Authors: Hegab Mohamed I. , El Shehry Mohamed F.
Published: September 2014

The title cycloaddition reactions afford spiro‐thiadiazole derivatives in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: A Chiral Thioxanthone as an Organocatalyst for Enantioselective [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition Reactions Induced by Visible Light.
Authors: Alonso Rafael , Bach Thorsten
Published: September 2014

The first chiral photocatalyst capable of processing visible light for a highly enantioselective photochemical reaction is synthesized from methyl thiosallicylate in a concise fashion.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Type of Chiral Sulfinamide Monophosphine Ligands: Stereodivergent Synthesis and Application in Enantioselective Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition Reactions.
Authors: Zhang Zhan‐Ming , Chen Peng , Li Wenbo , Niu Yanfei , Zhao Xiao‐Li , Zhang Junliang
Published: September 2014

The new title ligands can be easily prepared from inexpensive and commercially available starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient and Scalable Synthesis of Clionamine D.
Authors: Wang Sha‐Sha , Shi Yong , Tian Wei‐Sheng
Published: September 2014

Clionamine D is prepared from the steroid tigogenin in 9 steps on a multigram scale employing a Mn(OAc)3‐mediated radical [3 + 2] reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: The CuI‐Catalyzed Alkyne—Azide Cycloaddition as Direct Conjugation/Cyclization Method of Peptides to Steroids.
Authors: Echemendia Radell , Concepcion Odette , Morales Fidel E. , Paixao Marcio W. , Rivera Daniel G.
Published: September 2014

The copper‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of alkynyl peptides to azidosteroids allows the synthesis of triazole‐linked peptide‐steroid conjugates in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of a Route to Chiral Epidithiodioxopiperazine Moieties and Application to the Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)‐Hyalodendrin.
Authors: Takeuchi Ren , Shimokawa Jun , Fukuyama Tohru
Published: September 2014

The first enantioselective synthesis of (+)‐Hyalodendrin (I) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Biological Activity of 8‐Deoxyheronamide C from a Marine‐Derived Streptomyces sp.: Heronamides Target Saturated Hydrocarbon Chains in Lipid Membranes.
Authors: Sugiyama Ryosuke , Nishimura Shinichi , Matsumori Nobuaki , Tsunematsu Yuta , Hattori Akira , Kakeya Hideaki
Published: September 2014

Title compound (I), a new 20‐membered polyene macrolactam, is a unique membrane binder.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Monosporascone and Dihydromonosporascone.
Authors: Punch Kathryn A. , Piggott Matthew J.
Published: September 2014

The metabolite monosporacone (I) is synthesized in five steps with an overall yield of 57%.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Propolisbenzofuran B.
Authors: Jones Brian T. , Avetta Christopher T. , Thomson Regan J.
Published: September 2014

The first racemic total synthesis of propolisbenzofuran B in 17 steps from vanillin is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Computational Design of Metal‐Free Molecules for Activation of Small Molecules, Hydrogenation, and Hydroamination
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Xiang , Zhao Lili , Lu Gang , Li Haixia , Huang Fang
Published: September 2014

Review: 176 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in C—H Fluorination
Authors: Lin Aijun , Huehls C. Bryan , Yang Jiong
Published: September 2014

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Mono‐Carbonyl Analogues of Curcumin
Authors: Yin Song , Zheng Xing , Yao Xu , Wang Yuhong , Liao Duanfang
Published: September 2014

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes Mediated by Platinum Nanoparticles: An Overview
Authors: Lara P. , Philippot K.
Published: September 2014

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Supramolecular Nanostructures as Effective Catalysts for the Oxidation of Hydrocarbons and Functional Models of Dioxygenases
Authors: Matienko L. I. , Binyukov V. I. , Mosolova L. A. , Mil E. M. , Zaikov G. E.
Published: September 2014

Review: 22 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐Catalyzed Ullmann‐Type C‐Heteroatom Bond Formation: The Key Role of Dinucleating Ancillary Ligands
Authors: Jiang Yongwen , Xu Lanting , Zhou Chenggang , Ma Dawei
Published: September 2014

Review: 192 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Seven‐ and Higher‐Membered O‐Heterocycles
Authors: Kaur Navjeet , Kishore Dharma
Published: September 2014

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Coumarin Derivatives via Knoevenagel Condensation: A Review
Authors: Vekariya Rajesh H. , Patel Hitesh D.
Published: September 2014

Review: 137 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of Benzofuran Derivatives
Authors: Abu‐Hashem Ameen A. , Hussein Hoda A. R. , Aly Ahmed S. , Gouda Moustafa A.
Published: September 2014

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bio‐Esters Formation in Transesterification and Esterification Reactions on Carbon and Silica Supported Organo‐Sulfonic Acids‐Polyaniline Solid Catalysts
Authors: Kalemba‐Jaje Z. , Drelinkiewicz A. , Lalik E. , Konyushenko E. N. , Stejskal J.
Published: September 2014

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Diels—Alder‐Reaction with Inverse‐Electron‐Demand — A Review of an Efficient & Attractive Click‐Reaction Concept
Authors: Wiessler Manfred , Waldeck Waldemar , Pipkorn Ruediger , Lorenz Peter , Debus Juergen , Schrenk Hans‐Hermann , Braun Klaus
Published: September 2014

Review: 166 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Deep Eutectic Solvents: Sustainable Media for Nanoscale and Functional Materials
Authors: Wagle Durgesh V. , Zhao Hua , Baker Gary A.
Published: September 2014

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Sustainable Chromatography (an Oxymoron?)
Authors: Peterson Emily A. , Dillon Barry , Raheem Izzat , Richardson Paul , Richter Daniel , Schmidt Rachel , Sneddon Helen F.
Published: September 2014

Review: [54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Nanoparticle Networks: Development and Perspectives in the Landscape of Ionic Liquid Based Materials
Authors: Neouze Marie‐Alexandra , Kronstein Martin , Tielens Frederik
Published: September 2014

Review: 78 refs.
Do People With Psychosis Have Specific Difficulties Regulating Emotions?
Authors: Lincoln Tania M. , Hartmann Maike , Köther Ulf , Moritz Steffen
Published: September 2014

Difficulties in emotion regulation (ER) are present in psychotic disorders, but their precise nature is not yet fully understood and it is unclear which difficulties are unique to psychosis compared with other disorders. This study investigated whether ER difficulties in psychosis are more prominent for the ability to modify emotions or for the ability to tolerate and accept them. Furthermore, it investigated whether ER difficulties occur for sadness, anxiety, anger and shame likewise.

ER skills were assessed in participants with psychotic disorders (n = 37), participants with depression (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 28) using the Emotion Regulation Skill Questionnaire that asks participants to rate the intensity of different emotions over the past week and the skills employed to handle each of them.

Compared with healthy controls, participants with psychosis showed reduced skills related to awareness, understanding and acceptance of potentially distressing emotions, but not in the ability to modify them. These differences remained significant after controlling for depression. Participants with psychosis showed reduced ER skills in regard to all of the assessed emotions compared with the healthy controls, despite the fact that they only reported sadness as being significantly more intense. The participants with depression showed a similar pattern of ER skills to the psychosis sample, although with a tendency towards even more pronounced difficulties.

It is concluded that psychosis is characterized by difficulties in using specific ER skills related to awareness, understanding and acceptance to regulate anger, shame, anxiety and sadness. These difficulties are not unique to psychosis but nevertheless present a promising treatment target. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

The participants with psychosis found it more difficult to be aware of their emotions, to understand them and to accept them than the healthy control group. However, they reported equal skills when it came to actively modifying emotions.

The difficulties in emotion regulation reported by the participants with psychosis were comparable with those reported by the participants with depression, and they occurred for all types of negative emotions likewise.

The difficulties in using specific ER skills related to awareness, understanding and acceptance are a promising target for psychological treatment of psychosis.

Interventions that are aimed specifically at increasing these skills need to be further developed.
Complete Chemical Hydrolysis of Cellulose into Fermentable Sugars through Ionic Liquids and Antisolvent Pretreatments
Authors: Morales‐delaRosa Silvia , Campos‐Martin Jose M. , Fierro Jose L. G.
Published: September 2014

This work describes a relatively simple methodology for efficiently deconstructing cellulose into monomeric glucose, which is more easily transformed into a variety of platform molecules for the production of chemicals and fuels. The approach undertaken herein first involves the dissolution of cellulose in an ionic liquid (IL), followed by a second reconstruction step aided by an antisolvent. The regenerated cellulose exhibited strong structural and morphological changes, as revealed by XRD and SEM analyses. These changes dramatically affect the hydrolytic reactivity of cellulose with dilute mineral acids. As a consequence, the glucose yield obtained from the deconstructed–reconstructed cellulose was substantially higher than that achieved through hydrolysis of the starting cellulose. Factors that affect the hydrolysis reaction include the type of cellulose substrate, the type of IL used in pretreatment, and the type of acid used in the hydrolysis step. The best results were obtained by treating cellulose with IL and using phosphotungstic acid (0.067 mol L−1) as a catalyst at 413 K. Under these conditions, the conversion of cellulose was almost complete (>99 %), with a glucose yield of 87 % after only 5 h of reaction.
Control of Thickness and Chemical Properties of Atomic Layer Deposition Overcoats for Stabilizing Cu/γ‐Al2O3 Catalysts
Authors: O'Neill Brandon J. , Sener Canan , Jackson David H. K. , Kuech Thomas F. , Dumesic James A.
Published: September 2014

Whereas sintering and leaching of copper nanoparticles during liquid‐phase catalytic processing can be prevented by using atomic layer deposition (ALD) to overcoat the nanoparticles with AlOx, this acidic overcoat leads to reversible deactivation of the catalyst by resinification and blocking of the pores within the overcoat during hydrogenation of furfural. We demonstrate that decreasing the overcoat thickness from 45 to 5 ALD cycles is an effective method to increase the rate per gram of catalyst and to decrease the rate of deactivation for catalysts pretreated at 673 K, and a fully regenerable copper catalyst can be produced with only five ALD cycles of AlOx. Moreover, although an overcoat of MgOx does not lead to stabilization of copper nanoparticles against sintering and leaching during liquid‐phase hydrogenation reactions, the AlOx overcoat can be chemically modified to decrease acidity and deactivation through the addition of MgOx, while maintaining stability of the copper nanoparticles.
CO2 efflux from subterranean nests of ant communities in a seasonal tropical forest, Thailand
Authors: Hasin Sasitorn , Ohashi Mizue , Yamada Akinori , Hashimoto Yoshiaki , Tasen Wattanachai , Kume Tomonori , Yamane Seiki
Published: September 2014

Many ant species construct subterranean nests. The presence of their nests may explain soil respiration “hot spots”, an important factor in the high CO2 efflux from tropical forests. However, no studies have directly measured CO2 efflux from ant nests. We established 61 experimental plots containing 13 subterranean ant species to evaluate the CO2 efflux from subterranean ant nests in a tropical seasonal forest, Thailand. We examined differences in nest CO2 efflux among ant species. We determined the effects of environmental factors on nest CO2 efflux and calculated an index of nest structure. The mean CO2 efflux from nests was significantly higher than those from the surrounding soil in the wet and dry seasons. The CO2 efflux was species‐specific, showing significant differences among the 13 ant species. The soil moisture content significantly affected nest CO2 efflux, but there was no clear relationship between nest CO2 efflux and nest soil temperature. The diameter of the nest entrance hole affected CO2 efflux. However, there was no significant difference in CO2 efflux rates between single‐hole and multiple‐hole nests. Our results suggest that in a tropical forest ecosystem the increase in CO2 efflux from subterranean ant nests is caused by species‐specific activity of ants, the nest soil environment, and nest structure.