bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Presencia de haplotipos reproductivos y su efecto en una población de vacunos lecheros en la costa central del Perú
Authors: Calderón Velásquez Jorge Pedro , Gutiérrez Reynoso Gustavo Augusto , Garay Livia Gladys Luz
Published: July 2021

Se utilizaron 6350 registros de reproducción de un rebaño lechero entre 2000 hasta el primer semestre de 2016, con base a los índices reproductivos del rebaño, considerando el número de servicios por preñez, días vacíos, tasa de preñez y ocurrencia de abortos. Se genotiparon 58 vacas Holstein seleccionadas al azar para determinar la presencia de haplotipos reproductivos (HH) que afectan el comportamiento reproductivo de las vacas produciendo abortos. Se determinó que el 5.2% de las vacas eran portadoras para HH1, 5.2% para HH3 y 3.4% para HH5, no encontrándose animales portadores para los haplotipos HH2 y HH4. El 75% de las vacas portadoras (6/8) presentaron abortos no asociados al haplotipo, a excepción de un evento cuyo reproductor fue portador para el HH3.  Asimismo, el 54% de las vacas no portadoras presentaron eventos de aborto (27/50), no estableciéndose un efecto directo del haplotipo sobre la ocurrencia de abortos. El número de servicios por preñez asociado con la tasa de concepción genómica (CCR) determinó una correlación de 8.3% (p>0.05) y un coeficiente de regresión de -0.07115 servicios (p>0.05). De los cinco grupos genéticos de padres encontrados en el rebaño, cuatro grupos genéticos tienen presencia a través de la progenie de machos que presentaron los haplotipos reproductivos.
Caracterización de la crianza de llamas en la región Pasco, Perú
Authors: Rodriguez Vargas Aníbal Raúl , Gutierrez  Reynoso Gustavo Augusto , Wurzinger Maria
Published: July 2021

El objetivo del estudio fue describir el sistema de crianza de la población de llamas de cooperativas comunales (CC) y criadores individuales (CI) de la región Pasco, Perú. Se aplicaron encuestas en campo a cuatro administradores de CC y 145 CI. El objetivo principal de la crianza para las CC y los CI fue la producción de carne. Las llamas tipo K’ara predominaron en CC y el tipo Intermedio en CI. El tamaño promedio de rebaño en CC fue de 200 y en CI de 48 llamas. El apareamiento en CC fue controlado y en CI generalmente sin control. La edad al primer servicio de machos y hembras en CC y CI fue de 34.5 y 23.5, y 26.3 y 23.1 meses, respectivamente, con una proporción macho: hembra de 1.13 en CC y de 1.18 en CI. La permanencia promedio de los machos y hembras en el rebaño fue de 2.54 y 8.0 en CC y de 4.14 y 9.6 años en CI, respectivamente. Los reemplazos machos y hembras procedieron del mismo rebaño en 70 y 75% en CC y en 83.6 y 98.3%, en CI, respectivamente. La venta de reproductores machos fue destinado principalmente a criadores vecinos en 80 y 65% en CC y CI, respectivamente. La práctica de selección de machos y hembras se hizo en 26.9 y 16.6% de los CI, respectivamente. La selección de machos y hembras fue a los 6.5 meses en CC y a 11.3 y 14.0 meses de edad para machos y hembras, respectivamente, en CI. El criterio principal para la selección fue el tamaño de la llama.
Eficacia de soluciones salinas modificadas para la supervivencia de plerocercoides Tetraphyllidea de concha de abanico (Argopecten purpuratus)
Authors: Castro Teresa , Mateo Enrique C. , Peña César A.
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de este estudio fue obtener una solución salina modificada que permita una supervivencia más prolongada para el estudio morfológico de plerocercoides Tetrafilideos de la concha de abanico Argopecten purpuratus. Se evaluaron dos temperaturas: T-1, temperatura ambiente y T-2, temperatura constante de 0.5 °C y cinco soluciones: A = SSF (solución salina fisiológica – SSF – al 0.85%), B = ¼ AM (agua de mar) + ¾ SSF, C = ½ AM+ ½ SSF, D = ¾ AM + ¼ SSF, E = AM. Se utilizaron 100 larvas vivas recién extraídas de gónadas de A. purpuratus (10 por grupo experimental) durante 13 días. La mayor supervivencia se observó en las soluciones B y C del T-1, donde permanecieron vivos cuatro plerocercoides hasta el día 10 y tres hasta el día 12, respectivamente. Con excepción de la solución A, las larvas mantuvieron su actividad y forma normal en el resto de las soluciones hasta el día 6. Este trabajo demuestra que las soluciones salinas usuales (0.75 a 0.9%) pueden no ser óptimas para mantener plerocercoides marinos vivos y que una salinidad que se aproxima al agua de mar es más apropiada.
Pastores alpaqueros
Authors: Barrantes Campos Cecilio Antonio , Flores Mariazza Enrique Ricardo Ricardo , Ñaupari Vásquez Javier Arturo
Published: July 2021

El objetivo fue desarrollar un índice de vulnerabilidad del productor alpaquero (VPA) en función al índice de capacidad adaptativa (ICA) y sensibilidad (IS) al cambio climático. El estudio se realizó en 2014, obteniéndose información de 17 estancias alpaqueras de cinco anexos de la Comunidad Campesina Sallca Santa Ana (CCSSA), Huancavelica, Perú. Se generó un modelo conceptual de los ICA e IS, asignándoles pesos y valores de función a los recursos y atributos. Para ello, se formó un Panel Experto de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM) y Programa Nexus de la Comisión Fulbrigth, EEUU. El ICA se estimó de los recursos humanos, físicos, financieros, información y diversidad. El IS con los recursos medios de vida y pastizal. El VPA se estimó con la combinación del ICA e IS, utilizando lógica difusa obteniendo tres categorías: baja, media y alta. La prueba U Mann-Whitney contrastó 31 atributos de ICA e IS entre las categorías del VPA. El 58.8% de estancias de CCSSA tienen baja (0.2986 ± 0.0134) y 41.2% media (0.3800 ± 0.0069) ICA. El 52.9% de estancias tienen alta (0.5863 ± 0.0277), 35.3% media (0.4053 ± 0.0122) y 11.8% baja (0.2994 ± 0.0107) IS. El 76.5% de estancias tienen media (0.4390 ± 0.0208) y 23.5% alta (0.6605 ± 0.0266) VPA. Los atributos de jefe de familia y presencia de cobertizos difirieron significativamente entre categorías del ICA (p<0.15). Los atributos tendencia de pastizal (p<0.01), aporte del migrante y diversidad de vegetación (p<0.10), y condición de pastizal (p<0.15) difirieron significativamente entre categorías del IS. El VPA reveló que las estancias con alta vulnerabilidad le corresponden un alto IS (>0.47) y bajo ICA (<0.35). En cambio, las estancias con media vulnerabilidad presentan medio ICA e IS (0.35-0.47). Ambos casos, se ajustan a los resultados de otros índices de vulnerabilidad a nivel de productor.
Parámetros productivos y reproductivos de cuyes (Cavia porcellus) de las líneas Saños y Mantaro
Authors: Cruz Danny Julio , Passuni Huayta Jorge , Corredor Flor-Anita , Pascual Mariam
Published: July 2021

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los parámetros productivos y reproductivos de las líneas de cuyes Saños y Mantaro, desarrollados en la Estación Experimental Agraria Santa Ana, en la sierra central del Perú. Se analizaron registros de los años 2017 al 2020 de 1773 y 1888 cuyes de la línea Saños y Mantaro, respectivamente. Los parámetros productivos evaluados fueron los pesos al nacimiento (PN), al destete (PD) y a la cuarta (P4), octava (P8) y décimo tercera semana (P13). Los parámetros reproductivos fueron el tamaño de camada (TC) e intervalo entre partos (IP). Los efectos fijos considerados en el modelo fueron la línea genética (L), sexo (S), número de parto (NP), TC y temporada (Tp - trimestres). Se incluyeron covariables como el peso de la madre al parto (PMP); PN, PD, P4 y P8 en los parámetros productivos. El efecto animal fue incluido como aleatorio en los modelos de parámetros reproductivos. Se utilizó el procedimiento GLM y GLMM del software R (v. 4.0.2) para determinar los parámetros productivos y reproductivos, respectivamente. Los parámetros productivos de peso vivo para las líneas Saños y Mantaro fueron 153.3 ± 1.0 y 150.1 ± 1.0 g para PN, 289.1 ± 2.0 y 291.8 ± 2.1 g para PD, 407.6 ± 2.4 y 401.3 ± 2.9 g para P4, 629.9 ± 4.4 y 619.1 ± 4.5 g para P8, y 824.2 ± 4.7 y 817.2 ± 4.9 g para P13, respectivamente Los parámetros reproductivos de las líneas Saños y Mantaro fueron 88.0 ± 3.9 y 86.0 ± 3.8 días, respectivamente para IP, y 2.60 ± 0.05 y 2.64 ± 0.04 crías, respectivamente para TC. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (p<0.05), pero sin relevancia biológica para PN, P4, y P8 ajustados por los efectos fijos y respectivas covariables, siendo superior la línea Saños. Hubo diferencias estadísticas (p<0.05) para el TC, siendo superior en la línea Mantaro, así como diferencias no significativas en el IP (p>0.05) a favor de la línea Saños en PN, P4, P8 sobre la línea Mantaro, mientras que esta última supera en TC a la línea Saños.
Metales pesados en truchas arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) de crianza intensiva de la zona noroeste del lago Titicaca
Authors: Chui Heber N. , Roque Bernardo , Huaquisto Edilberto , Sardón Danitza L. , Belizario German , Calatayud Alfredo P.
Published: July 2021

Los sedimentos del lago Titicaca contienen metales pesados de origen minero, sugiriendo la contaminación de las granjas de peces que se desarrollan en sus aguas. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la concentración de metales pesados en los músculos de truchas arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) criadas en la zona noreste del lago Titicaca (3812 msnm), ubicado en las provincias de Puno y Huancané, Perú. Los metales pesados presentes en la carne de trucha se analizaron a través del método espectrofotométrico utilizando la técnica de plasma de acoplamiento inductivo junto a un espectrofotómetro de emisión óptica ICP-OES. La secuencia de la concentración de metales pesados hallada en los músculos de las truchas colectadas de la provincia de Puno fue: Zn > Fe > Cd > Mn > Pb > Cu > Hg y en la provincia de Huancané fue: Zn > Fe > Mn > Cu > Pb > Cd > Hg. Las concentraciones halladas no superaron los límites máximos permisibles recomendados por WHO/FAO, por lo que las truchas de las zonas evaluadas son aptas para el consumo humano.
Frecuencia de agentes bacterianos asociados a mortalidad en cuyes de centros de crianza familiar-comercial en Canchis, Cusco
Authors: Angulo-Tisoc José M. , Jara Luis M. , Pacheco Joel I. , Pezo Danilo
Published: July 2021

El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar los agentes bacterianos aislados y evaluar su susceptibilidad antibiótica a partir de casos de mortalidad en cuyes procedentes de dos centros de crianza familiar-comercial de la provincia de Canchis, Cusco. Se procesaron 230 animales (130 con lesiones respiratorias y 100 con lesiones enterohepáticas), tomándose muestras de hígado, pulmón, bazo e intestino. Se realizó un cultivo microbiológico y antibiograma en agar con discos de los principales antibióticos usados en sistemas de crianza de cuyes. A nivel de lesiones respiratorias se identificó a Streptococcus sp (47.1%), Bordetella sp (26.4%), Salmonella sp (13.8%), Klebsiella sp (9.2%) y Pasteurella sp (3.4%). Asimismo, en cuyes con lesiones entéricas se identificó a Salmonella sp (56.8%), E. coli (29.7%), Citrobacter sp (7.6%) y Klebsiella sp (5.9%). La mayor frecuencia de aislados bibacterianos en cuadros respiratorios fue para Streptococcus sp y Bordetella sp, en tanto que para lesiones hepático-entéricas fue Salmonella sp y E. coli. La frecuencia general de resistencia en las cepas aisladas fue de 5.4 y 3.6% para enrofloxacina y trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol, respectivamente. Los resultados evidencian la variedad de géneros bacterianos presentes en procesos respiratorios y entérico-hepáticos en cuyes, así como una frecuencia baja de resistencia antibiótica en las cepas aisladas.
Efecto de la sustitución de bacitracina con ajo, arándano o cúrcuma en la dieta sobre el desempeño en crecimiento, características de carcasa, contenido lipídico y estado antioxidante de la carne de pavos
Authors: Paredes Manuel , Chilón Deysi , Hobán Cristian , Ortiz Pedro
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de la adición de ajo, arándano o cúrcuma como reemplazo de la bacitracina en las dietas de pavo sobre el rendimiento del crecimiento, las características de la carcasa, y el contenido lipídico y estado antioxidante de la carne. Se trabajó con 500 pavos Hybrid Converter machos desde los 42 hasta los 98 días de edad. Las aves fueron asignadas a cinco tratamientos dietéticos (5 repeticiones por tratamiento y 10 aves por cada repetición) y alimentados con dietas isocalóricas e isonitrogenadas. En el grupo control no se agregaron ingredientes aditivos, mientras que los grupos experimentales consumieron dietas con 0.05% de bacitracina de zinc, 1% de ajo en polvo, 1% de arándano en polvo o 1% de cúrcuma en polvo. Los aditivos no tuvieron ningún efecto sobre el crecimiento y el rendimiento de carcasa, mientras que los pavos alimentados con dietas que contenían ajo, arándano y cúrcuma se caracterizaron por un menor peso de grasa abdominal, menor contenido de colesterol y menor oxidación lipídica de la carne, en comparación con la carne procedente de pavos que consumieron la dieta control o la dieta con bacitracina.
Vagrant and Neglected Minors in Soviet Lithuania 1944–1954: The Problem and the Solutions
Authors: Balčiūnė Ieva
Published: July 2021

This article presents the analysis of how the issue of vagrant and neglected (“беспризорные и безнадзорные”) minors in Soviet Lithuania was dealt with during the period of 1944–1954. After the Soviet occupation of Lithuania in 1944, stencil measures of dealing with the issue were imposed. However, the problem of vagrant and neglected minors in postwar Lithuania was specific and had changed. Therefore, the research reveals the dynamics of the problem and, by taking into account the Soviet Lithuanian context, the measures taken to solve it. Up until the beginning of the 1950s, vagrant and neglected minors were mostly street children and orphans from WWII. A considerable part of them had migrated from Russian and Belarusian territories in search for food. The government’s aims were to reduce their numbers, move them from the streets and change their official status. But in the 1950s, the problem, as it was seen, had transformed to juvenile delinquency and required respective measures. The research discovers how the system of custody, imprisonment, accommodation and care of these minors worked in early Soviet Lithuania.
Image segmentation and analysis for densification mapping of nanoporous gold after nanoindentation
Authors: Richert Claudia , Wu Yijuan , Hablitzel Murilo , Lilleodden Erica T. , Huber Norbert
Published: July 2021

Segmentation of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of focused ion beam (FIB) cross-sections through indented regions in nanoporous gold (np-Au) is carried out. A key challenge for image analysis of open porous materials is the appropriate binarization of the pore and gold ligament regions while excluding material lying below the cross-sectional plane. Here, a manual approach to thresholding is compared to global and local approaches. The global thresholding resulted in excessive deviations from the nominal solid fraction, due to a strong gray-scale gradient caused by the tilt angle during imaging and material shadowing. In contrast, the local thresholding approach delivered local solid fractions that were free of global gradients, and delivered a quality comparable to the manual segmentation. The extracted densification profiles vertically below the indenter as well as parallel to the surface showed an exponential-type decay from the indenter tip towards the nominal value of 1 far from the indenter.

Graphic abstract
perceived role of the strength and conditioning coach in athlete rehabilitation
Authors: Armstrong Andrew S. L. , Ramsey Cody A. , Body Simon
Published: July 2021

Strength and conditioning (S&C) coaches may collaborate with physiotherapists in athlete rehabilitation, but their role has not been documented. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify their role through the perspectives of physiotherapists and S&C coaches. The researchers conducted semi-structured interviews in New Zealand with four physiotherapists and five S&C coaches, including one who had previously been a physiotherapist. Thematic analysis identified 13 themes analysed in four categories: current role (teamwork with the rehabilitation team, level of involvement, and physical roles), proposed role (teamwork with the rehabilitation team, level of involvement, and physical roles), variables (rehabilitation team structure, governance, relationships in the rehabilitation team, and the athlete), and significance (positive and negative). Currently, most S&C coaches have a small role in providing performance training at the end of rehabilitation. Participants thought they should be involved earlier, but poor communication and collaboration with health professionals reduce their role. They proposed that S&C coaches should be somewhat involved following a health professional’s diagnosis, increasing their involvement as athlete function improves and the physiotherapist’s role decreases. Participants agreed that this role should be flexible and account for each clinical context.
Reapplication of bud break promoters in ‘Fuji Suprema’ apple trees
Authors: Petri José Luiz , Sezerino André Amarildo , Fenili Cristhian Leonardo
Published: July 2021

Abstract The aim of this work was to verify the effectiveness of the reapplication of bud break producers on flowering, sprouting and production of ‘Fuji Suprema’ apple trees. The experiment was carried out in an experimental orchard located in the municipality of Caçador, SC, during 2016/2017 to 2019/2020 seasons. Treatments were applied at stages B and C, and those with reapplication, from 7 to 14 days after the first application. Phenology, axillary and terminal bud break, frui set, production per plant and average fruit mass were evaluated. Phenology was advanced in relation to control with the application of bud break promoters. However, treatments applied at stage B provided greater advance in relation to applications at stage C. In axillary and terminal bud break, all treatments were superior to control. In some seasons, the sequential application of bud break promoters increased bud sprouting compared to single application treatment. There is no reduction fruit set in treatments with sequential application in relation to single application. In plant production, sequential applications did not differ from single application. The average fruit mass was not altered by the sequential application of bud break promoters.
Década da Ação em Nutrição e tributação de bebidas açucaradas no Brasil: onde estamos?
Authors: Mariath Aline Brandão , Martins Ana Paula Bortoletto
Published: July 2021

Resumo: O Brasil foi o primeiro país a comprometer-se com a Década da Ação em Nutrição da Organização das Nações Unidas, com metas ambiciosas relativas ao controle da obesidade e à redução do consumo de bebidas açucaradas. Neste estudo, descrevemos as iniciativas legislativas relacionadas à tributação de bebidas açucaradas apresentadas no Congresso Nacional durante os primeiros quatro anos da Década e a situação do processo decisório. Foram buscadas, nas bases de dados da Câmara dos Deputados e do Senado Federal, todas as propostas apresentadas entre 2016 e 2019 que tratassem do tema, sendo apresentados os resultados de forma narrativa, descrevendo-se o conteúdo dos projetos e a situação da tramitação. Ao todo, foram identificadas dez propostas. Seis delas visam ao aumento da tributação e ainda se encontram em apreciação de Comissões na Câmara dos Deputados. Quatro propostas buscavam sustar um ato normativo que resultou no aumento da tributação sobre concentrados de refrigerantes e foram rejeitadas e arquivadas. Ainda há um longo caminho a ser percorrido para o aumento da tributação das bebidas açucaradas no país. A complexidade e a morosidade do processo decisório no Congresso Nacional impõem dois riscos: que nenhum projeto seja convertido em lei ou, caso o seja, que não cause qualquer impacto na saúde pública até 2025.
Morphological and molecular identification of Cladosporium sphaerospermum isolates collected from tomato plant residues
Authors: Abedy A. N. AL , Musawi B. H. AL , Isawi H. I. N. AL , Abdalmoohsin R. G.
Published: July 2021

Abstract This study was conducted at the Agriculture College University of Karbala, Iraq to isolate and morphologically and molecularly diagnose thirteen Cladosporium isolates collected from tomato plant residues present in desert regions of Najaf and Karbala provinces, Iraq. We diagnosed the obtained isolates by PCR amplification using the ITS1 and ITS4 universal primer pair followed by sequencing. PCR amplification and analysis of nucleotide sequences using the BLAST program showed that all isolated fungi belong to Cladosporium sphaerospermum. Analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the identified C. sphaerospermum isolates 2, 6, 9, and 10 showed a genetic similarity reached 99%, 98%, 99%, and 99%, respectively, with those previously registered at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBl). By comparing the nucleotide sequences of the identified C. sphaerospermum isolates with the sequences belong to the same fungi and available at NCBI, it was revealed that the identified C. sphaerospermum isolates 2, 6, 9, and 10 have a genetic variation with those previously recorded at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBl); therefore, the identified sequences of C. sphaerospermum isolates have been registered in GenBank database (NCBI) under the accession numbers MN896004, MN896107, MN896963, and MN896971, respectively.
The application of ammonium sulphate and amino acid on cotton: effects on can improve growth, yield, quality and nitrogen absorption
Authors: Hussain N. , Yasmeen A. , Bilal M.
Published: July 2021

Abstract A field study was carried out to determine the influence of foliage applied plant growth promoter and retardant in improving soil applied sulphur fertilizer use efficiency in cotton during two consecutive summers 2014 and 2015. Experimental trial comprised of three different sources of sulphur (ammonium sulphate, potassium sulphate and elemental sulphur) and foliar spray of plant growth promoter and growth retardant including tap water was taken as control. Among treatments soil applied ammonium sulphate with foliage applied amino acid produced maximum plant height, sympodial branches, pods per plant, seed cotton yield, fiber yield, biological yield, protein contents, oil contents and leaf nitrogen uptake as compared to the other treatments. Whereas, soil applied potassium sulphate with foliar spray of mepiquat chloride on cotton significantly improved the boll weight and leaf potassium uptake. We conclude that soil applied ammonium sulphate and foliage spray of amino acid was more effective in improving the productivity and quality attributes of cotton.
Distribution and abundance of dinoflagellates from the coastal waters of Karachi, Pakistan, northern part of the Arabian Sea
Authors: Khokhar F. N. , Ahmed N. , Ali A. , Gabol K. , Khooharo A. R. , Faheem M. , Hussain A. , Burhan Z. N. , Siddiqui P. J. A.
Published: July 2021

Abstract The present study reports on seasonal and spatial variations in diversity, distribution and abundance of dinoflegellates and indicates the presence of HAB species in Pakistan waters. A total of 179 taxa, recorded in this study from offshore and near-shore waters, belong to 41 genera in 26 families and 10 orders. The high species count (149 species) was recorded from Manora Island offshore station (MI-1) and 105 spp, 109 spp and 115 spp were encountered from the Mubarak village offshore station (MV-1), Manora near shore station (MI-2) and Mubarak Village near-shore station (MV-2) respectively. Tripos furca was the dominant and frequently occurring species (> 1 x103 to > 25 x103 cells L-1 from coastal and >1x 105 cells L-l from near-shore stations) in addition to less abundant Alexandrium catenella, Alexandrium sp., Alexandrium minutum, and Prorocentrum micans (>103 to 25x 103cells/L). Another 44 species occurred in relatively low numbers (<103 cell L-l). Seventy species were found throughout the study period at all four stations. High number of species in three genera (Tripos (38), Protoperidinium (34) and Prorocentrum (20) was recorded. Potently toxic (16 genera 43 species) and HAB related (19 genera and 30 species) dinoflagellate taxa were also recorded. The percent contribution of dinoflagellates in total phytoplankton population generally remained below 20% except for a few instances. Manora Island stations had comparatively higher Shannon index and equitability and slightly lower dominance index. The PCA plot showed strong positive correlation among chlorophyll-a concentration, dissolved oxygen, total number of phytoplankton and dinoflagellates.
Prevalence and determinants of stunting among preschool and school-going children in the flood-affected areas of Pakistan
Authors: Haq I. ul , Mehmood Z. , Afzal T. , Khan N. , Ahmed B. , Nawsherwan  , Ali L. , Khan A. , Muhammad J. , Khan E. A. , Khan J. , Zakki S. A. , Xu J. , Shu Y.
Published: July 2021

Abstract Stunting is a significant public health problem in low- and middle-income countries. This study assessed the prevalence of stunting and associated risk factors of stunting among preschool and school-going children in flood-affected areas of Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was conducted by visiting 656 households through multi-stage sampling. Respondent’s anthropometric measurements, socio-demographic information and sanitation facilities were explored. A logistic regression model was used to determine determinants of stunting, controlling for all possible confounders. The overall prevalence of stunting in children was 40.5%, among children 36.1% boys and 46.3% of girls were stunted. The prevalence of stunting in under-five children was 50.7%. Female children (OR=1.35, 95% CI:0.94-2.0), children aged 13-24 months (OR=6.5, 95% CI: 3.0-13.9), mothers aged 15-24 years (OR=4.4, 95% CI: 2.6-7.2), joint family (OR=2.1, 95% CI: 1.4-3.0) did not have access to improved drinking water (OR=3.3, 95% CI: 1.9-5.9), and the toilet facility (OR=2.8, 95% CI, 1.9-4.3), while the children from district Nowshera (OR=1.7, 95% CI: 0.9-3.2) were significantly (P<0.05) associated in univariate analysis. The regression model revealed that child age, maternal age, family type, quality of water, and toilet facility, were the significant (P<0.05) factors contributing to child stunting in the flood-hit areas. Identification of key factors might be helpful for policymakers in designing comprehensive community-based programs for the reduction of stunting in flood-affected areas. In disasters such as flood, the detrimental consequences of the stunting problem could be even more on children. Evidence-based education and care must be provided to the families in the flood-affected regions to reduce the stunting problem. The determinants of stunting should be targeted by making comprehensive policies regarding proper nutrition, livelihood, clean water, and sanitation facilities in flood-hit regions.
Critérios técnicos, políticos e dinâmica regional na nomeação de secretários estaduais: um estudo de caso do Rio Grande do Norte
Authors: Gomes Sandra , Lacerda Alan Daniel Freire de , Silva André Luís Nogueira da
Published: July 2021

RESUMO Introdução: Estudos recentes sobre o perfil das nomeações de ministros em nível federal têm mostrado maior complexidade das lógicas subjacentes a esta decisão e, como consequência, a insuficiência explicativa da dicotomia entre nomeações “técnicas” versus “políticas”. Por outro lado, pouco se conhece ainda sobre os tipos de nomeação para o secretariado de primeiro escalão nos Executivos estaduais. A partir de um estudo de caso, comparamos se as lógicas de nomeações são similares ou distintas daquelas encontradas em nível federal. Materiais e Métodos: A partir da sistematização dos dados biográficos dos secretários nomeados entre 1995 e 2015 no Rio Grande do Norte, no Brasil (RN), foi possível ir além de informações básicas (tais como: formação educacional, ocupação profissional ou filiação partidária) dos secretários, identificando as trajetórias dos indivíduos nos contextos políticos e eleitorais do estado. Propomos, a partir daí, uma tipologia para mensurar competências técnica e política. Resultados: A análise das nomeações para o caso do RN com base nessa tipologia revela que há especificidades locais que explicam parte significativa das escolhas feitas pelos governadores na montagem do seu gabinete. O tipo de nomeação mais frequente é o de uma secretária ou secretário com um perfil misto, técnico e político ao mesmo tempo, o que confirma a insuficiência analítica da dicotomia “técnico” ou “político” como critérios de escolha exclusivos pelos chefes dos Executivos. Discussão: O estudo, a partir dessa análise exploratória de dados de um caso específico, abre avenidas para futuras investigações, entre elas a ideia da existência de uma espécie de presidencialismo de coalizão atenuado em alguns estados a ser entendido a partir de dinâmicas especificamente regionais.
Disseram que eu voltei americanizada: a história temática da Revista de Sociologia e Política
Authors: Codato Adriano , Lorencetti Mariana , Bittencourt Maiane
Published: July 2021

RESUMO Introdução: Periódicos são mediadores científicos legítimos em comunidades acadêmicas. Eles funcionam como marcadores institucionais para definir fronteiras entre disciplinas, domínios de pesquisa e áreas de conhecimento. O seu estudo permite compreender rotinas intelectuais, tópicos de investigação e a ascensão ou o declínio de modelos de análise ao longo do tempo. Este artigo trata desses problemas explorando as mudanças temáticas da Revista de Sociologia e Política durante três décadas de existência. Materiais e Métodos: Utilizando técnicas bibliométricas, analisamos os metadados de 746 documentos publicados entre novembro de 1993 (número 1) e dezembro de 2019 (n. 72). Dois tipos de análises foram feitos: 1) coocorrência de termos nos títulos e resumos dos artigos; 2) cocitação de autores nas referências bibliográficas. Resultados: Os dados mostraram uma mudança acentuada no perfil do periódico, que deixou de ser uma publicação centrada em temas variados de ciências sociais, história política e teoria social para se tornar uma publicação especializada em tópicos da agenda mainstream de Ciência Política. Descrevemos esse processo metaforicamente como “americanização” da Revista de Sociologia e Política. Discussão: A assunção de temas tradicionais de Ciência Política (tais como partidos, eleições, legislativo etc.), pautados por uma abordagem empírica e quantitativa, acompanha e documenta as transformações ocorridas na própria Ciência Política brasileira do início do século XXI.
SALICYLIC ACID AS A SALINE STRESS ATTENUATOR IN THE PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF Erythrina velutina SEEDS
Authors: Nóbrega Jackson Silva , Silva Toshik Iarley da , Silva Ronimeire Torres da , Lopes Maria de Fátima de Queiroz , Figueiredo Francisco Romário Andrade , Bruno Riselane de Lucena Alcântara
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Salinity is one of the problems that limit plant development, with the germination, growth, and initial establishment stages being the most sensitive to saline stress. Erythrina velutina, popularly known as “mulungu” in Brazil, is a species native to the Caatinga biome, which grows in conditions of soil rich in salts. The damage caused by salinity to the quality of its seeds and the use of techniques that mitigate such effects are little known. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate salicylic acid as a mitigator of saline stress in the physiological quality of mulungu seeds. The quality of two seed lots from two Brazilian states (L1: Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, and L2: Pentencostes, Ceará) was evaluated. A completely randomized design in a 2 (seed soaking with salicylic acid (SA) - distilled water and 1.0 mM SA) × 4 (electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw - 0.0, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 dS m-1) factorial scheme with four replications of 50 seeds each was used. Saline stress reduces the quality of mulungu seeds and seedlings. SA increases the vigor of the seeds, promoting improvements in germination under saline conditions.
Polaridade magnética e sensor Hall: uma proposta de experimento para os ensinos fundamental e médio
Authors: Soares Antonio Augusto , Pereira Junior Jefferson Buonafina , Moreira Ana Paula Furquim , Chiavini Luiz Cláudio
Published: July 2021

Apresentamos uma proposta de montagem experimental utilizando o Arduino e dois sensores Hall a3144 para o estudo da polaridade magnética de fontes de campo magnético. O uso do sensor Hall permite ao professor discutir junto a seus estudantes esse importante fenômeno da física moderna que se alicerça nos conceitos de campo elétrico e magnético. A montagem é simples e de relativo baixo custo, permitindo aos estudantes determinarem a polaridade (norte ou sul) de imãs e eletroímãs, por exemplo. Este experimento, de cunho qualitativo,é aplicável aos ensinos fundamental e médio e pode levar a uma maior concretização de conceitos relativos ao eletromagnetismo e, consequentemente, permitir um aprendizado num contexto de maior significação.
Demonstração e análise da interferência acústica utilizando um “tubo de Quincke” e a plataforma Arduino
Authors: de Morais Souza Cícero Jailton , da Silva Larissa Alexandre , Leite Ibson José Maciel , Monteiro Mário Anonio Alves
Published: July 2021

O presente trabalho apresenta uma aplicação do clássico interferômetro acústico de Quincke, conhecido como “tubo de Quincke”. O equipamento apresentado neste artigo foi construído com tubos de PVC e outros acessórios comumente utilizados em encanação. Como fonte sonora foi utilizada uma caixa de som convencional conectada a um notebook para a geração de ondas senoidais controladas pelo software GoldWave. Para medição da intensidade do som foi utilizado o sensor KY-038 junto a plataforma Arduino. O objetivo deste equipamento é auxiliar os estudos de interferência sonora em intervenções didáticas, tendo em vista a limitada existência de recursos didáticos para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem envolvendo ondas mecânicas, particularmente, nas aulas de interferência no ensino médio. Através do interferômetro acústico, foi possível calcular o comprimento de onda de cada frequência de som utilizada no experimento e, a partir destas medidas, determinar com boa precisão a velocidade do som no ar.
Repercussões da pandemia pela COVID-19 no serviço pré-hospitalar de urgência e a saúde do trabalhador
Authors: Dal Pai Daiane , Gemelli Mariana Pereira , Boufleuer Eduarda , Finckler Polla Victória Paim Rodrigues , Miorin Jeanini Dalcol , Tavares Juliana Petri , Cenci Dinorá Claudia
Published: July 2021

Resumo Objetivo conhecer repercussões da pandemia pela COVID-19 no trabalho e na saúde dos profissionais do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU) de uma capital da região Sul do Brasil. Métodos estudo qualitativo do tipo exploratório-descritivo, realizado com 55 trabalhadores de 16 equipes do SAMU, por meio de formulário eletrônico. Aplicou-se análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados foram identificadas as categorias: (1) mudanças percebidas frente a COVID-19: percebem aumento nas demandas assistenciais por agravos respiratórios, prejuízos nas relações com serviços da rede face aos novos protocolos e aumento do tempo resposta pela higienização das ambulâncias e paramentação/desparamentação; (2) dificuldades em relação aos Equipamentos de Proteção Individual (EPIs) e ao treinamento: sentem-se expostos ao risco de contaminação, preocupando-se com recursos de proteção; (3) os efeitos sociais e sobre a saúde dos trabalhadores: relataram sentimentos de medo e insegurança quanto à sua saúde e dos familiares, bem como as limitações do distanciamento social. Considerações finais e implicações para a prática a pandemia repercutiu sobre fluxos e rotinas laborais, bem como gerou novas necessidades acerca da precaução biológica e suporte emocional.
Effect of spatial and temporal variability of gauged and radar rainfall data on hydrological modelingof urban basins
Authors: Pontes Victor Costa , Fragoso Jr. Carlos Ruberto , Neves Marllus Gustavo Ferreira Passos das , Souza Vladimir Caramori Borges de
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT In urban areas, rainfall-runoff modeling provides large uncertainties due to the difficulty in representing the spatial distribution of rainfall events. In this context, the this work aims to evaluate the effect of temporal and spatial of rainfall data (weather radar and distributed rainfall gauges network) on runoff estimation in a urban basin. The Reginaldo basin, inserted in the urban area of the Maceió city, capital of state of Alagoas (Brazil), has a reasonable availability of rainfall datal covered with a high number and spatial distribution of rain gauges and weather radar, which was used as input of a hydrological model The EPA Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) has been used with 3 analysis rainfall scenarios: (i) considering uniform rainfall distribution based on measured average rainfall, (ii) considering distributed rainfall using catchment discretization, and (iii) considering distributed rainfall using radar cell discretization. In order to evaluate the model outcomes, we analyzed four hydrological output variables: (i) the peak flow; (ii) the peak time; (iii) the volume flowed and (iv) the volume losses. Based on this criterion, it was clear that, considering he analyzed scenarios, the effect of spatial distribution of rainfall data on hydrological response in small urban basins, with high impervious coverage, was not divergent for the analyzed scenarios and that the radar data showed significantly higher data resolution than rainfall gauges.
Thermal functioning of a tropical reservoir assessed through three-dimensional modelling and high-frequency monitoring
Authors: Plec Denis Furstenau , Silva Talita Fernanda das Graças , Vinçon-Leite Brigitte , Nascimento Nilo
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Urban lakes and reservoirs provide important ecosystem services. However, their water quality is being affected by anthropogenic pressures. The thermal regime is a strong driver of the vertical transport of nutrients, phytoplankton and oxygen. Thermal stratification can modify biogeochemical processes. In this paper, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model was implemented and validated with high-frequency measurement of water temperature. The simulation results were in agreement with the measurements. For all simulation period, the model performance was evaluated based on hourly values, presenting a maximum RMSE of 0.65 ºC and Relative Error of 2.08%. The results show that high-frequency measurement associated with a three-dimensional model could help to understand and identify the reasons for the changes in the thermal condition of a shallow urban lake. The impact of the stream inflow on the temperature was highlighted, showing that during higher discharge events, when the river temperature is colder than the lake water, it flows into the lake deeper layers. The inflow water sank to the deeper layers where the lake morphology changes. The model showed an impact along the entire lake, showing the importance of monitoring the inflow water temperature. This modelling tool could be further used to study specific patterns of reservoir hydrodynamics.
Mechanical and hydraulic compatibility of RAP with geosynthetics used in MSE walls
Authors: Soleimanbeigi A. , Ozocak A. , Li B. , Akmaz E. , Dayioglu A. Y. , Tanyu B. F. , Aydilek A. H. , Likos W. J.
Published: July 2021

Mechanical and hydraulic properties of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) as backfill in mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls were evaluated. Woven and nonwoven geotextiles and uniaxial and biaxial geogrids were used as reinforcements. Results of interface direct shear tests showed that the interface friction angle (δ) of RAP-geogrid was higher than that of RAP-geotextile. On average, the δ for RAP-biaxial geogrid was 15% higher than δ for RAP-uniaxial geogrid. For geotextile reinforcement, the δ for RAP-woven geotextile was 20% higher than δ for RAP-nonwoven geotextile. Compaction of RAP at elevated temperatures only slightly affected δ. Pullout capacities of RAP-uniaxial geogrid and RAP-woven geotextile are comparable to those of sand-uniaxial geogrid at different overburden pressures. The compacted RAP reinforced with uniaxial geogrid, however, exhibited significant creep strains at a range of sustained pullout forces that led to failure of the RAP-uniaxial geogrid. Reducing the pullout capacity by 40% is recommended for design to reduce the potential of creep failure. Long-term filtration tests showed that in all cases RAP-geosynthetic systems were able to drain freely and this behavior could be predicted with the existing clogging criteria that have been previously developed for sands and gravels.
Numerical modelling of geotextile tubes filled with gold mine tailings
Authors: Silva V. L. , Gardoni M. G. A. , Pimentel K. C.
Published: July 2021

Geotextile tubes are generally used in hydraulic and marine applications such as coastal protection and flood control. They are also used to dewater sludge from sewage treatment plants and dredged materials. Studies have been carried out to derive analytical solutions and develop empirical models as well as numerical simulations to represent the behaviour of geotextile tubes in such applications. However, there has been insufficient attention on dewatering of mining tailings. This article presents the numerical results of modelling a geotextile tube using Abaqus, a commercially available finite element software package. The mechanical behaviour of the tube was simulated while it was being filled with gold mining tailings. Back analyses of a large-scale field test as well as parametric analyses were performed to evaluate the influence of filling pressure, elastic modulus and finite element type on the stress–strain behaviour of the geotextile tube. In terms of validation, the numerical results agreed well with the analytical results and field test observations. A smaller elastic modulus causes greater strain. Comparing the results obtained using different types of finite elements, it was observed that the membrane element used to simulate the geotextile tube represented its mechanical behaviour well.
Individual Differences in Decisions on Physical Distancing during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zirenko Maria , Kornilova Tatiana
Published: July 2021

During the COVID-19 pandemic decisions on physical distancing including decisions on wearing face masks in public may depend on a number of individual characteristics, representations of threats and the degree of personal responsibility for complying with the imposed requirements.. This study on a Russian sample (N = 308) took placeduring April-May 2020. We used verbal tasks on social distancing to test the hypotheses that individual differences in empathy, implicit theories of emotions, the Dark Triad traits, rationality, and risk readiness predict decisions on whether or not to wear a mask. We developed five verbal tasks – situations where decisions on whether to wear a mask or not were made by choosing from several given reasons. Among the reasons for wearing a mask, Care for Self was chosen by 46% of participants who received this as a reason, the Law-abidingness reason was chosen by 44%, and 31% selected Care for Others. Regarding the reasons for not wearing a mask, 16% of participants chose Autonomy for Oneself, 11% – Risk Underestimation and 5% – Autonomy for Others. Logistic regressions identified that empathy, rationality, and narcissism were significant predictors of a decision to wear a face mask, while risk readiness and psychopathy were predictors of a decision not to wear a mask. Implicit theories of emotions and problem-solving self-efficacy were significant predictors only for choices between the reasons for wearing a mask. Personality variables of empathy, rationality, risk readiness, and the Dark Triad traits influence decisions on adhering to physical distancing.
Possible Selves and Academic Motivation in Russian and American College Students
Authors: Vasilevskaya Ekaterina , Molchanova Olga
Published: July 2021

The study presents the relationship between the positive and negative possible selves in the academic domain and academic motivation. Despite the fact that previous studies have noted the motivating potential of possible selves, the relationship between the attributes of possible selves and academic motivation has not been subjected to conscious scrutiny. The sample was formed with 361 participants, Russian (Moscow, HSE University) and American (Miami, Florida International University) college students. The Possible Selves Questionnaire and the Academic Motivation Scale were applied. It was found that Russian and American students that have a significant positive possible self in the academic domain have a higher motivation to accomplish things compared to those who do not have this image of the future. It was demonstrated that among Russian students attributes of positive possible selves (time spent thinking, actual achievement strategies, obstacles) are connected with self-development motivation. American students are characterized by interrelationships between attributes of positive possible selves (time spent thinking, perceived efficacy, outcome expectancy, importance, obstacles) and motivation to accomplish things, as well as partly other types of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The Russian students did not demonstrate any significant interrelationships between attributes of negative possible selves and academic motivation, while the Americans revealed the interrelationships between the outcome expectancy to avoid a negative possible self and motivation to accomplish things, as well as introjected motivation. The research results are discussed from the self-regulation perspective and in the context of socio-cultural differences.
Последствия школьной травли для ее участников
Authors: Бочавер А.А.
Published: July 2021

Статья посвящена краткосрочным и отдаленным последствиям, которые может оказывать опыт участия в школьном буллинге на различные аспекты благополучия вырастающих школьников в дальнейшем. Приводятся данные междисциплинарных лонгитюдных исследований (в первую очередь, British National Child Development Study, The Great Smoky Mountain Study, Finnish 1981 Birth Cohort Study и др.), метаанализов, а также «поперечных срезов», в которых анализируются последствия ситуаций школьного буллинга. Показано, что буллинг в школе вносит вклад в повышение рисков самоповреждающего и суицидального поведения, психосоматических проблем, употребления психоактивных веществ, криминализации и др., причем многое касается не только тех, кто оказывался в роли жертвы буллинга, но и тех, кто играл роль агрессивной жертвы или агрессора в буллинг-ситуациях. Вовлеченность в ситуацию буллинга негативно отражается в перспективе на физическом и психическом здоровье, реализуемой образовательной траектории и вовлеченности в учебу, дружеских и супружеских отношениях, успешности трудоустройства, финансовом благополучии выросших школьников. Спектр негативных последствий буллинга чрезвычайно широк и должен учитываться в проектировании антибуллинговых программ. В то же время налицо недостаток исследований последствий буллинга для детей, которые присутствовали в ситуациях буллинга в роли свидетелей: некоторые данные указывают на то, что такой опыт тоже может иметь негативные последствия для социализации, однако эти представления нуждаются в дальнейшем изучении. Наконец, рассматриваются основные направления и выигрыши от внедрения системы профилактики и прекращения буллинга в образовательных учреждениях.