bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-depressant, Anxiolytic, and the Muscle Relaxant Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Cissampelos pareira Linn. Leaves
Authors: Asif Mohammad , Dwivedi Jayesh , Yadav Sandeep
Published: May 2021

Background:

The ethnopharmacological relevance suggests that the ethnic minorities
of India use leaves of Cissampelos pareira L. as a traditional medicine for curing various psychopharmacological
disorders.

Objective:

To evaluate anti-depressant, anxiolytic, and muscle relaxant activity of hydro-alcoholic
extract of Cissampelos pareira.

Methods:

Leaves of Cissampelos pareira were extracted using a hydro-alcoholic solvent. The
safety of hydro-alcoholic extract of Cissampelos pareira was assessed by acute oral toxicity
(OECD 423). The anti-depressant activity was measured using open field test, locomotor test,
despair swim test, tail suspension test. The anxiolytic activity was assessed using elevated plus
maze and hole board test, and skeletal muscle relaxant activity was assessed using rotarod, grip
strength, chimney, and inclined plane test.

Results:

No moribund status or mortality was observed in experimental mice up to 2000 mg/kg
dose of Cissampelos pareira hydro-alcoholic extract (CPHE). In the open field and actophotometer
tests, CPHE 200 and 400 mg/kg treated mice significantly abridged ambulation, number of
central squares crossed, total locomotion, and depicted less coordinated movements, and in despair
swim and tail suspension tests, CPHE 400 mg/kg treated mice significantly decreased duration
of immobility and increased number of climbing, confirming its anti-depressant effect. In an
elevated plus-maze test, CPHE 200 and 400 mg/kg increased the open arm exploration, while in the
hole board test, CPHE 400 mg/kg treated rats augmented the number of head dips, depicting its anxiolytic
effect. In rotarod, grip strength, and inclined plane test, CPHE 400 mg/kg treated mice decreased
the fall-off time on a rotating rod, suspended wire, or inclined plane. Furthermore, in the
chimney test, treatment with CPHE 400 depicted less coordinated movements in mice; the mice of
this group took more time to leave the cylinder, depicting its skeletal muscle relaxant effect.

Conclusion:

Based on the results, of this study, it can be concluded that CPHE 400 mg/kg exhibits
strong anti-depressant, anxiolytic, and muscle relaxant effects, justifying its traditional uses.
Chi-Squared Test Analysis on Hybrid Cryptosystem
Authors: Munshi Najmul Hoque , Das Proteeti , Maitra Subhasis
Published: May 2021

:

Nowadays, the internet has reached every aspect of our day-to-day life. The idea of cryptography
is to provide security. It is an encryption technique used for network security when different
networks are interconnected and become vulnerable to attacks and intrusions. Different algorithms, like
DES, 3-DES, Modified DES, RSA, and Modified RSA algorithms for encryption, have been reported.
In this paper, a hybrid cryptosystem which is the combination of the traditional DES and RSA has
been discussed. The performance analysis, such as the chi-squared test and then frequency analysis of
the hybrid algorithm have been discussed in this article to show the novelty of the combined DES and
RSA work, and a comparative study has been performed with the traditional DES and RSA techniques.
The chi-squared methodology is a statistical way of evaluating the quality of ciphertext. If the ciphertext
needs to be strong then a high value of chi-squared is desired.
From Reduction to Oxidation: pH Controlled Reaction of 1-hydroxyethyl Radical with Caffeic Acid Analogues
Authors: Das Laboni , Shukla Shashi P. , Chatterjee Suchandra , Satpati Ashis K. , Adhikari Soumyakanti
Published: May 2021

Aims:

The aim is to search for newer and better antioxidants through kinetic
spectroscopic studies in combination with product analysis and computation.

Background:

Antioxidant effect of caffeic acid, its derivative, and analogues have been
well reported. The anti-oxidative efficiencies are related to their molecular structure,
and two reaction pathways are well accepted, H-atom transfer (HAT) or single electron
transfer. 1-hydroxy ethyl radical (1-HER) being ethanol-derived free radical might be
causing the onset of liver injury detected after alcohol administration. 1-HER has also
been reported to react with fatty acids and endogenous antioxidants such as glutathione,
ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol.

Objective:

The present study is an attempt to understand the reaction mechanism of 1-
HER with caffeic acid, its derivative and analogues in detail.

Methods:

Pulse radiolysis with kinetic absorption spectroscopy has been employed to
follow the reaction pathway and identify the intermediates produced in the reaction. The
reaction products have been detected using LCMS/MS. Based on these studies, a
consolidated mechanism has been proposed. Cyclic voltammetry measurements and
computational calculations have been used in support of the proposed mechanism.

Result:

In the reaction of 1-hydroxy ethyl radical (1-HER) with caffeic acid and its
oligomers, reduction takes place below the pKa1, while oxidation occurs with the
deprotonated phenolic moiety. The reduction of caffeic acid generates a carbon-centered
radical at the double bond of the side chain with a bimolecular rate constant of 1.4x1010
dm3 mol-1 s-1. Notably, a low concentration of oxygen is able to regenerate a part of the
caffeic acid molecules in the reduction process. At pH 10 a phenoxyl radical is formed
due to oxidation with a much lower bimolecular rate constant of (4.2x108 dm3 mol-1 s-1).
In the case of di-hydrocaffeic acid, only phenoxyl radical is formed at pH 10 and, no
reaction could be observed below pH 8.

Conclusion:

Change in reactive pattern from reduction to oxidation with change in pH
within same set of reactants has been evidently established in the present study. The
results point towards the importance of α−β unsaturation in the side chain of caffeic
acid oligomers for their reaction with 1-HER at neutral pH. The effect of oxygen
concentration on the antioxidative protection offered by this class of molecules might be
intriguing for the quest of the effectiveness of antioxidants at low concentration.

Other:

It may be inferred that the effect of pH on the reactivity pattern as observed is
not 1-HER, but substrate specific, in the present case phenolic acids. This study
generates further scope for in-depth studies on other polyphenols where unsaturation
exists in the side chain.
Essentials in the Treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Rad Fatemeh Mehrabi , Elyasi Hossein , Rahimi Hadis , Zamani Amir , Nafari Amirhossein
Published: May 2021

Background:

There are many coronaviruses, which can cause diseases in humans and animals. The new 2019 coronavirus is highly prevalent and contagious, infecting many people in almost all countries of the world. There are many problems involved in the treatment of COVID-19 that must be discussed and examined.

Research Methods:

A systematic review was conducted on double-blind studies found on such online databases as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, Highwire, MD Consult, and Scopus by Internet-based search.

Results and Conclusions:

Many deaths attributed to COVID-19 are caused by mistakes made in the prescription of medications, leading to the deterioration of the conditions of the patients, the most serious of which is the prescription of corticoids. Additionally, it has not been properly researched whether some drugs such as NSAIDs are indicated for use in COVID-19 or not. On the other hand, the application of some valuable medicinal herbs, such as peppermint and chamomile, in the treatment of this disease has not received enough attention, despite the fact that they may have valuable and remarkable effects in the treatment of this disease.
Association between Premenstrual Syndrome and Depression among Female Undergraduates in a Private Nigerian University
Authors: Falade Joshua , Bello Nurudeen O. , Adelekan Emmaunual O. , Orekoya Adefolurin , Ojikakor Chioma G. , Falade Olawumi O.
Published: May 2021

Background:

Depression among female undergraduates is associated with hormonal
changes and other stressful events around the menstrual cycle.

Aim:

This study assessed the relationship between premenstrual syndrome and depression among female
undergraduates in a private Nigerian university.

Methodology:

The study was conducted at the Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti. A stratified sampling
technique was used in this study. A semi-structured questionnaire with sections on sociodemographic
schedule proforma and the Becks Depression Inventory were used to collect information
from respondents. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version
21).

Result:

A total number of 440 students were recruited. Three hundred and sixty-two (82.3%) of the
respondents had depression, with prominent mild mood disturbance (43.9%). The odds of depression
were higher among respondents older than 20 years as compared with those who were 20 years old or
younger (AOR=91.194 CI;9.326,891.774) ). Also, the odds of depression were higher among respondents
who did have not close relationships with their mother compared to those who did (AOR=
10.5, CI; 3.525, 31.33). Besides, the odds of depression were higher among those with premenstrual
syndrome than respondents without a history of premenstrual syndrome (AOR=70.06 CI; 12.018,
48.406). Finally, the odds of depression were higher among respondents with a family history of premenstrual
(AOR=0.637 CI; 0.257, 1.574).

Conclusion:

There is a need to provide services aimed at preventing and managing premenstrual syndrome
among undergraduates and screen for depression to prevent and detect mental health problems
in this vulnerable population.
The Antiproliferative Effect of Soy (Glycine max) Isoflavones Contained in a Nutraceutical on Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Cárdenas-García Maura , Jiménez-Hernández Diana , Hernández-Linares María Guadalupe , Guerrero-Africani Marcela Lucía , Cabrera-Cosme Lilia Karina
Published: May 2021

Background:

Cancer is a homogenous group of diseases characterized by the dysregulation
of normal cell physiological processes, such as proliferation, growth, and migration. In Mexico,
cancer accounts for one of the main causes of death. Among the most common types of cancer
which affect the Mexican population are breast, cervical, and colon cancers.

Objective:

In the current research, we studied the effects of phenolic compounds of soy (Glycine
max), isoflavones, available as a nutraceutical commercial product, on the proliferation of several
cancer cell lines.

Methods:

Firstly, we carried out a series of experiments of simulated chemical digestion to later determine
the integrity and functionality of active compounds present in commercial capsule products
after their chemical digestion. Later on, we performed thin-layer chromatography, ultraviolet/
visible spectrophotometry, and analysis of the antioxidant activity of the phenolic compounds.
We also assessed the effects on the proliferation of several cancer cell lines.

Results:

By using such techniques, we demonstrated that soy isoflavones maintained their integrity
and activity, even after being chemically digested. Moreover, our results showed several cases in
which soy isoflavones did exert a noticeable effect on cell proliferation. Though the IC50 doses
were different for each cell line, cell proliferation was, in fact, lower in all of them.

Conclusion:

Our research provides strong evidence of the compelling antiproliferative effect of
soy isoflavones in the commercial product, even after simulated digestion, in distinct types of cancer.
Hence, this represents a breakthrough to continue investigating phenolic compounds as potential
coadjutants for anti-neoplastic treatments.
Exploring Cytotoxic and Atioxidant Properties of Heliotropium calcareum in Polar and Non-Polar Extracts
Authors: Uzair Muhammad , Rashid Faisal , Shah Hamid Saeed , Iqbal Jamshed
Published: May 2021

Background:

Plants are a vital source of natural drugs as the traditional use of plants as
therapeutic agents for a variety of ailments has been traced back thousands of years. The utilization
of Heliotropium calcareum has been evident since ancient times for treating various disease states
like inflammation associated with gout and rheumatism, poisonous bites, and other skin disorders.
The current research work was carried out to determine the phytochemistry and biological activities
of the crude methanolic extract obtained through maceration from the aerial parts of Heliotropium
calcareum.

Methods:

The plant was collected from district Bhakkar, Punjab, Pakistan. Maximum phenolic
(74.5 μg GAE/mg) and flavonoid contents (58.99 μg QE/mg) were observed in ethyl acetate fraction.
Significant antioxidant potential was observed in ethyl acetate fraction with the highest free
radical hunting activity of 92.6 ± 6.7 μM.

Results:

Cytotoxicity assay using MTT dye was performed where non-polar (n-hexane) and polar
(ethyl acetate) fractions displayed excellent cytotoxicity against HeLa cells (IC50 = 79.95 ± 3.718 &
164 ± 4 μg/mL, respectively). Furthermore, the above fractions showed momentous results in cell
cycle analysis and promising proapoptotic effect against cervical (HeLa) cancer cell lines. An nhexane
and ethyl acetate fraction were selected for cell cycle analysis to determine the quantitative
measurement of the degree of apoptosis. According to the results given below in the figure, the cervical
(HeLa) cancer cells were treated with n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions at various concentrations.
An increase in the cell population at G0/G1 phase and a decrease in the S-phase population
concerning untreated cells suggested the G0/G1 phase arrest in n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions
treated HeLa cells.

Conclusion:

Taken together, n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions were found to be the most
promising and active elements of H. calcareum and may be utilized to explore their cytotoxic effects
further in the animal model.
Microwave Irradiated Solid Phase and Catalyst-free Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridine Synthesis: Spectral Characterization, Fluorescence Study,
and Molecular Crystal Structure
Authors: Maru Minaxi S. , Kim Dongwon , Behal Jagriti , Jung Ok-sang
Published: May 2021

Background:

Solvent- and catalyst-free synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs)
under microwave radiation is directly dealt with the concept of green chemistry. They are the class
of pharmacological agents and drugs used as Ca2+ channel blockers, and they behave as
photoelectronic functional materials to exhibit fluorescence activity because of the electrondonating
and withdrawing groups present in them.

Objective:

An efficient and rapid microwave-assisted synthesis of 4-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-
methoxyphenyl)-3,5-dicarbmethoxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine (4) has been achieved under
solvent- and catalyst-free conditions using three components 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy
benzaldehyde, 3-oxobutanoic acid methyl ester, and ammonium carbonate in 25 minutes, which
was then subjected to spectroscopic characterization, single-crystal X-ray, and fluorescence study.

Methods:

The characterization methods were 1H and 13C NMR, FT-IR, LC-MS, and elemental
analysis. The single crystal structure was developed using a mixture of Methanol: Tetrahydrofuran
and was determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The fluorescence study was
accomplished in a spectrofluorometer by taking cresyl violet as a reference with two organic
solvents, methanol and chloroform.

Results:

The crystal structure is monoclinic, space group P21/n with a = 11.0557(3) Å, b =
7.3544(2) Å, c = 22.4852(7) Å and β = 104.107(2)°. The used single-crystal size is 0.200 × 0.200 ×
0.200 mm3. The NH⋅⋅⋅⋅O type intermolecular hydrogen bond is observed between N(1) and O(2)
atoms. The absorption and fluorescence spectra were found to depend on the chemical nature of the
substituents available on C(4), C(2), and C(3) atoms of the 1,4-DHP ring and solvent properties.

Conclusion:

The X-ray study shows flattened boat conformation of the 1,4-DHP ring and the
presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding, a major cause of the Ca2+ channel antagonist. More
fluorescence has been shown in methanol than chloroform, and the fluorescence nature of the
compound (4) may find potential application in the field of biology and chemical sensor.
Implementasi Kebijakan Pemerintah Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta tentang Hak Atas Tanah bagi Warga Keturunan
Authors: Nurwidyanto Nurwidyanto , Maksum Irfan Ridwan
Published: May 2021

This research aims to examine the paradigm of thinking of pro and contra parties against the Instruction of The Deputy Governor DIY K.898/I/A/1975. How to implement and what are the factors that influence the implementation of the policy. The approach used in this study is that post positivism approach is qualitative. Implementation of the instruction can be said successful, because from 9 variables of successful policy implementation according to Grindle (Subarsono, 2005), 8 of which have been fulfilled. From the content policy, there are five indicators that have been implemented and three indicators implemented from context of implementation. In the variable content of the policy, the first indicator of interest - the influencing is judged quite well, that are: communication between land stakeholders in Yogyakarta has been going well; existing resources are considered sufficient in the implementation of the policy; the attitude of policy implementers are more required to commit in implementing it and realize its goals and targets; and the last bureaucratic structure in the form of the division of duties has been in accordance with main duties and functions in each of the relevant areas.
Analisis Peran Aktor dalam Implementasi Kebijakan Pembangunan Sanitasi di Kabupaten Probolinggo
Authors: Sandy Oka Ferry
Published: May 2021

Implementation is an important stage that must be carried out after a policy is formulated. The implementation of sanitation policies in Probolinggo District has a high complexity with various problems because what will be changed is not only the physical building but also the knowledge and also the attitude of the people to behave in a clean and healthy life. The involvement of various parties is needed in helping to overcome these problems so that goals and objectives can be achieved. This study aims to identify, map and formulate the role of stakeholders in the implementation of sanitation development in Probolinggo Regency. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observations and documentation and then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. From the results of the study, 13 actors were involved in the implementation of sanitation development. Actors who are key players are BAPPEDA, Public Health Office , the Housing and Resettlement Zone Office, the Community and Village Empowerment Office, USAID IUWASH PLUS and the Village Government. Good coordination, synergy and communication are needed in the successful implementation.
Dinamika Perencanaan Tata Guna Lahan di Kabupaten Kediri
Authors: Putri Ninda Adisti
Published: May 2021

The imbalance between the needs with sufficient land, meanwhile, needs to be compared with land requirements. Kediri Regency has the potential for rapid development. This is a challenge to the existing land use planning policy in Kediri Regency. This study aims to predict the dynamics of land use change in Kediri Regency until 2030. The prediction model was built using the Cellular Automata approach based on an analysis of land use change trends from 2009 to 2018 taking into account the weight of the driving factors obtained using the AHP method. The results of modeling validation show an accuracy rate of 96.26%. The result is that in 2030 there will be a significant increase in the use of industrial land and warehousing of 331.56 Ha and settlements of 3650.94 Ha in Kediri Regency. But there are still mismatches between the dynamics of the regional spatial plan to be a challenge going forward in order to achieve the goals of the expected development. Modeling using Cellular Automata can be applied as an alternative to new methods in spatial policy evaluation.
The Implementation of the Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) Program in Malang Regency Land Office
Authors: Budiman Arif
Published: May 2021

Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap (PTSL) or Complete Systematic Land Registration is a program under the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/ National Land Agency (ATR/ BPN) in response to new directives from President Joko Widodo in 2016 to register all yet 79 million unregistered land parcels before 2025. The organization and its officers are still adapting to the sudden change in work rhythm from the usual target of 1 million land parcels per year to 5 million land parcels that gradually increases every year further. This research employs the descriptive method with the qualitative approach to study the process of PTSL program implementation in Malang Regency Land Office during the year of 2017 and 2018. By measuring success of the PTSL program implementation, it can be concluded that the goal of PTSL program in Malang Regency Land Office was achieved and PTSL program was delivered as expected.
A CGE Analysis of Indonesia's Free Trade Agreements
Authors: Yutiningsari Galuh Narulita
Published: May 2021

Using the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) CGE model of the global economy, this essay analyses how much trade agreements between Indonesia and its top three trading partners – China, Japan, and the USA – could benefit Indonesia and those trading partners. In addition, an analysis of unilateral trade liberalization in Indonesia is included to provide a comparison of alternative trade liberalization policy strategies. The study conducts experiments by simulating the potential effect of the removal tariffs on imported merchandise under each liberalization scenario. The result suggests that the impact of trade liberalization is variable between strategies, but the greatest economic benefit is from the unilateral scenario. However, the restrictiveness of preferential RoO and other regulations in bilateral agreements would limit the scope for achieving the full benefit projected for the bilateral liberalization scenarios – discount rates of around 25 percent have been suggested.
The Effect of Demographic Transition on Savings, Investment, and Capital Flows
Authors: Sidabutar Misnilawaty
Published: May 2021

The world population, as well as Indonesia, is aging and this demographic transition influences saving, investment, and capital flows. By looking at data from 1973 to 2017, this paper finds two things. First, the relationship between age groups and saving exhibits the inverted U-shape, but only old dependency impact negatively on investment based on 104 countries’ data. The capital flows represented by current account is deficit in the young dependency, but surplus in the old dependency. Second, demographic transition in Indonesia induced an increase in savings by a higher rate than investment and caused current account surplus in this period.
Perencanaan Program Penanggulangan Kemiskinan dalam Rangka Memberikan Pelayanan Ekonomi Masyarakat (Studi pada Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Blitar)
Authors: Wirasakti Dicky
Published: May 2021

Ponggok is the sub district with the largest poor people in Blitar Regency. According Ministry of Social Affairs data, there are 6,875 KPM BPNT programs. Geographically Ponggok is located in North Blitar which have fertile soil from Kelud eruption. Morphologically Ponggok is connect area between Kediri and Blitar regency so all area can be reached by transportation. Poverty at Ponggok is structural poverty because bad policies. This study aims to determine the process of poverty reduction program planning in Social Service of Blitar Regency. The research method used is qualitative method. Based on the research, the program planning in the Social Service has been suitable according to the stages in the planning theory, and according procedures regulated by Permendagri No.86 of 2017. Some factors that influence the planning process include: human resource planners, social cultural, and system used.
Proses Perencanaan dalam Penyusunan Rencana Kerja Pemerintah Daerah (RKPD) (Studi pada Bappeko Mojokerto)
Authors: Yusnita Febriana Panca
Published: May 2021

As a process, development is carried out continuously and well planned which covers all aspects of life in the country such as politics, economy, social culture and defense and security. Development is a way to achieve the ideals of independence stated in the Preamble of Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 that must be carried out carefully, effectively, efficiently and integrated. In implementing development, each local government requires accurate planning and expected to be able to evaluate development. The main key to the success of development lies in the quality of the development planning. One example of a development planning document is Rencana Kerja Pemerintah Daerah (RKPD). The objectives of this study is to describe and analyze the process of preparing RKPD. This study shows that the planning process in the preparation of RKPD has gone through the stage of problem diagnosis; formulation of objectives; and forecasts and projections. As for the alternative development stage; feasibility analysis; and evaluation, not done yet.
Analisis Pengaruh Remunerasi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Tenaga Kependidikan Tetap Non PNS di Lingkungan Kantor Pusat Universitas Brawijaya
Authors: Fatayati Siti Unun
Published: May 2021

This study aims to examine the significance of the effect of remuneration on employee performance with workload and discipline as an intervening variable for non permanent civil servants in UB's head office. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative research method. The sample in this research is non civil servant education staff in UB head office with a total of 200 respondents. Data analysis used is path analysis. The results showed the variable remuneration (X1) has a positive and significant effect on the workload variable (X2). The remuneration variable (X1) has a positive and significant effect on the discipline variable (X3). The remuneration variable (X1) has a positive and significant effect on the performance variable (Y1). The workload variable (X2) has a positive and significant effect on the performance variable (Y1). Discipline variable (X3) have positive and significant effect to performance variable (Y1).
Optimizing Stakeholder Role In Handling Conflict Between College of Pencak Silat Setia Hati Terate With Setia Hati Winongo (Study Implementation of Law Number 7 of Year 2012 about Handling Social Conflicts in madiun Regency and City)
Authors: Fikri Rachman
Published: May 2021

The regency and City of Madiun became the cultural center of Pencak Silat school. There are 11 schools that are affiliated with IPSI. The eleventh of the school has its own Pencak Silat identity. Different identity of the schools raises conflicts, such as PPSHT with PPSHW. Conflicts often occur when doing the tradition of Suran Agung. The Regency and city Madiun government have made various efforts to implementation of Law No. 7 of 2012 about handling of social conflict but that has not been optimal. The research raised of the problem about how the optimisation pattern of stakeholder role in the handling of conflicts between PPSHT and PPSHW in the Regency and city of Madiun by conducting a perspective mapping of stakeholders involved. The results of this study revealed that not yet optimal role of each stakeholder in the handling of conflicts even less do a transformation of conflict into the development of Pencak silat tourism destination. This is due to the absence of a policy derivative in the form in local regulations and has not yet synergitas the role of stakeholders between the regency government and the city of Madiun.
Kajian Lingkungan Hidup Strategis Revisi Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) Kota Semarang 2011-2031 untuk Pembangunan Berkelanjutan
Authors: Istandia Ika
Published: May 2021

The preparation of this Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is mandatory for the Government and Local Governments. Based on these obligations, the SEA Semarang City Spatial Planning Revised for 2011-2031 was prepared with the aim of improving the quality of the Regional Spatial Planning which so far has not been able to solve the City's problems, such as floods and tides. This study aims to determine the process of drafting the 2011-2031 Regional Spatial Planning for the City of Semarang. The research method that will be used is descriptive qualitative method. Based on the results involving stakeholders, such as the Government, the private sector and the community (Academics and non-Government Organizations). The process of preparing the SEA does not yet reflect the maximal sustainable values (interdependency, equilibrium and justice). This is because the analysis carried out is less detailed due to data and budget limitations, so the results of the studies conducted affect the formulation of recommendations for Policies, Plans and/ or Programs (PPP).
Mobile App for Parental Empowerment for Caregivers of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Prospective Open Trial
Authors: Bonnot Olivier , Adrien Vladimir , Venelle Veronique , Bonneau Dominique , Gollier-Briant Fanny , Mouchabac Stephane
Published: May 2021

Background

Conflicting data emerge from literature regarding the actual use of smartphone apps in medicine; some considered the introduction of smartphone apps in medicine to be a breakthrough, while others suggested that, in real-life, the use of smartphone apps in medicine is disappointingly low. Yet, digital tools become more present in medicine daily. To empower parents of a child with autism spectrum disorder, we developed the Smartautism smartphone app, which asks questions and provides feedback, using a screen with simple curves.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate usage of the app by caregivers of individuals with autism spectrum disorders.

Methods

We conducted a prospective longitudinal exploratory open study with families that have a child with autism spectrum disorder. Data were recorded over a period of 6 months, and the outcome criteria were (1) overall response rates for a feedback screen and qualitative questionnaires, and (2) response rates by degree of completion and by user interest, based on attrition.

Results

Participants (n=65) had a very high intent to use the app during the 6-month period (3698/3900 instances, 94.8%); however, secondary analysis showed that only 46% of participants (30/65) had constant response rates over 50%. Interestingly, these users were characterized by higher use and satisfaction with the feedback screen when compared to low (P<.001) and moderate (P=.007) users.

Conclusions

We found that real or perceived utility is an important incentive for parents who use empowerment smartphone apps.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012135
Conflicts of Interest in “Throwaway” Dermatology Publications: Analysis of the Open Payments Database
Authors: Roman Jorge , Elpern David J
Published: May 2021

Background

Dermatology journals, periodicals, editorials, and news magazines are influential resources that are not uniformly regulated and subject to influence from the pharmaceutical industry. This study evaluates industry payments to physician editorial board members of common dermatology publications, including “throwaway” publications.

Objective

The aim of this study was to characterize the extent and nature of industry payments to editorial board members of different dermatologic publications in order to ascertain differences in payments between different types of publications.

Methods

A list of editorial board members was compiled from a collection of clinical dermatology publications received over a 3-month period. Data from the Open Payments database from 2013 to 2019 were collected, and analysis of payments data was performed.

Results

Ten publications were evaluated, and payments data for 466 physicians were analyzed. The total compensation across all years was US $75,622,369.64. Consulting, services other than consulting, and travel or lodging payments constituted most of the payments. A fraction of dermatologists received the majority of payments. The top payers were manufacturers of biologic medications. Payment amounts were higher for throwaway publications compared to peer-reviewed journals.

Conclusions

Editorial board members of dermatology publications received substantial payments from the pharmaceutical industry. A minority of physicians receive the lion’s share of payments from industry. “Throwaway” publications have more financial conflict of interest than do peer-reviewed journals. The impact of these conflicts of interest on patient care, physicians' practice patterns, and patient perception of physicians is noteworthy.
POLICY OF NATIONAL CONSOLIDATION IN UKRAINE: THEORY AND PRACTICE
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, VAVILOV A.N.
Published: May 2021

The practical implementation of the policy of national consolidation was strongly influenced by such factors as the absence of a common Ukrainian identity formed and rooted in the mass consciousness, the presence of deep and diverse regional differences, as well as the socio-cultural proximity of Ukrainians and Russians, which is especially characteristic of the southeastern regions of the country. The purpose of this article is to study the theoretical and practical aspects of the formation of a political nation in Ukraine after gaining sovereignty in 1991. The article considers the "ethnic" and "political" approaches to the interpretation of the concept of "nation", as well as some theoretical models of the formation of a political nation in Ukraine. Research methodology - consisted in a systematic analysis of the facts and phenomena contributing to the consolidation of Ukraine, as well as in the study of political factors influencing this process. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the task of national consolidation began to act as a priority of the policy of state-building and took the form of Ukrainianization of various spheres of society. The example of politics in the language sphere shows that this strategy was implemented at an accelerated pace and was based on the practice of administrative pressure and prohibitions, which did not contribute to the harmonization of social relations and the strengthening of the unity of Ukrainian society.
IMPACT OF ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL SITUATION IN THE REGION ON THE LEVEL OF SOCIAL TENSION
Authors:   Central Russian Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA, ALEKSEYENOK A.A. , KAIRA Yu.V. ,   Central Russian Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the article is to determine the influence of the socio-economic and socio-political situation in the Orel region on the level of social tension. The research methodology is a sociological analysis of the respondents' answers about the socio-economic and socio-political situation in the region, as well as the level of social tension using two-dimensional analysis and correlation tables. As a result, the importance of conducting monitoring sociological studies of the main indicators of the social development of the region has been substantiated. It was revealed that the population of the region believes that the state of affairs in the economic sphere in the region is much worse than in the country as a whole. Despite the fact that the majority of respondents note an improvement in the political situation in the region, the fact that every third resident of the region declares that it has deteriorated is quite alarming. The authors come to the conclusion that dissatisfaction with the socio-political and socio-economic situation directly affects the civic position of the population, affects the growth of social tension. It is summarized that social tension is a complex multifactorial phenomenon that cannot be interpreted unambiguously. Therefore, to monitor it, constant research should be carried out.
SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION SYSTEMS OF INTERACTION "SOCIETY AND STATE" IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors:   Central Russian Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA, MERKULOV P.A. , KUSTOVA A.V. ,   Central Russian Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the article is to consider the processes of social transformation of the "society - state" system in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of sociological research are analyzed on the basis of three aspects: the transformation of the picture of the world of Russians, social interaction, public administration during the coronavirus pandemic. Attention is focused on the need to take into account the substantive and dynamic aspects of the transformation of the "society - state" system. The factors that determine the transformation of the picture of the world into pandemic-reality conditions, the characteristics and reasons for the formation of such social groups as covid dissidents and coronasceptics are analyzed. The features of the transformation of social interaction of Russians in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the resolution of the contradiction between solidarity and social disunity are analyzed. The attitude of the population to the measures implemented by the state administration apparatus, taken to reduce the dynamics and negative consequences of the spread of coronavirus, is considered. As a result of the secondary analysis of sociological research data, factors are highlighted that make it possible to consider the key trends of social transformation in society during the COVID-19 pandemic.
IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE POLICY IN THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL SPHERES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors:   Povolzhsky Institute of Management named after P.A. Stolypin, Branch of RANEPA, KOZHUMRATOVA A.K.
Published: May 2021

For the first time faced with total restrictions associated with the spread of a new coronavirus infection, our state, like other world powers, found itself in a situation of potential vulnerability of the population and an economic crisis. The aim of the study is to analyze the implemented system of state support for the Russian economy in a pandemic. The author singles out the main tools for stimulating the economy: support for small and medium-sized businesses, protection of the economic stability of citizens, the formation of a system of support measures that neutralizes the damage to industrial enterprises. The subject of the research is a set of measures of state support for the population and business, implemented during the period of restrictive measures. In order to neutralize the risks and threats of the new conditions, state authorities are implementing a support policy in relation to various groups of citizens and businesses. As a result of studying various aspects of the implementation of state policy aimed at developing the Russian economy and protecting the stability of the population in a pandemic, a number of the most effective innovations are identified that have had a tangible protectionist effect.
DEMOGRAPHIC POTENTIAL AS A RESOURCE OF STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONS AND MUNICIPAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors:   Federal Research Sociological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, KHARCHENKO K.V.
Published: May 2021

The article reveals the specificity of the demographic potential of the territory, considered in the context of both demographic processes and other types of potential: natural resource, spatial, economic, labor, investment. The purpose is to structure the system of criteria that make it possible to assess the demographic potential of a territory while solving the problem of overcoming inter-territorial inequalities within the framework of strategic planning. The research methodology is a reflexive analysis of a number of strategies for the socio-economic development of municipalities in terms of assessing demographic trends, SWOT analysis of the demographic potential of the territory, targets and measures in the field of demographic policy, as well as relevant strategic indicators. The structure of demographic potential, including undiscovered resources, is presented; unused resources (in particular, the resource of the working-age population not employed in the local economy) and “under-formed” resources (for example, the labor resource of young people, determined by educational policy and vocational guidance). As a result, demographic markers of disproportions in the socio-economic and spatial development of regions and municipalities were substantiated, as well as ways of moving from a descriptive analysis of demographic indicators to identifying criteria that characterize the demographic potential of a territory, the use of which can smooth out inter-territorial inequalities.
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE ARCTIC ZONE ON THE PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE AND MUNICIPAL-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
Authors:   Central Russian Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA, GOLOVINA T.A. , SAKHAROVA S.M. ,   Central Russian Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the study is to consider the theoretical and methodological aspects of state management of the socio-economic development of the Arctic zone on the basis of interaction between the state and business structures using public-private and municipal-private partnerships. The subject of the research is a set of organizational and managerial relations within the framework of public administration in the implementation of public-private and municipal-private partnerships in the Arctic zone. Research methodology: the theoretical and methodological research was based on the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists concerning the paradigm of public administration, mechanisms of public-private partnership for the development of infrastructure of territories. Results of the study: the institutional models of public administration providing support to business structures were examined, the essence of public-private partnership and its role in increasing the efficiency of public administration of the socio-economic development of territories were disclosed, an algorithm was proposed for the selection and implementation of infrastructure projects for the socio-economic development of the Arctic zone using mechanisms of public-private and municipal-private partnership.
Modular development enables rapid design of media for alternative hosts
Authors: Biedermann Andrew , Gengaro Isabella , Rodriguez Sergio , Love Kerry , Love John
Published: May 2021

Developing media to sustain cell growth and production is an essential
and ongoing activity in bioprocess development. Modifications to media
can often address host or product-specific challenges, such as low
productivity or poor product quality. For other applications, systematic
design of new media can facilitate the adoption of new industrially
relevant alternative hosts. Despite manifold existing methods, common
approaches for optimization often remain time and labor intensive. We
present here a novel approach to conventional media blending that
leverages stable, simple, concentrated stock solutions to enable rapid
improvement of measurable phenotypes of interest. We applied this
modular methodology to generate high-performing media for two phenotypes
of interest: biomass accumulation and heterologous protein production,
using high-throughput, milliliter-scale batch fermentations of Pichia
pastoris as a model system. In addition to these examples, we also
created a flexible open-source package for modular blending automation
on a low-cost liquid handling system to facilitate wide use of this
method. Our modular blending method enables rapid, flexible media
development, requiring minimal labor investment and prior knowledge of
the host organism, and should enable developing improved media for other
hosts and phenotypes of interest.
EVALUATION OF CANINE DETECTION OF COVID-19 INFECTED INDIVIDUALS UNDER CONTROLLED SETTINGS
Authors: Chaber Anne-Lise , Hazel Susan , Matthews Brett , Withers Alexander , Alvergnat Guillaume , Grandjean Dominique , Caraguel Charles
Published: May 2021

RT-PCR is currently the standard diagnostic method to detect symptomatic
and asymptomatic individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, RT-PCR
results are not immediate and may falsely be negative before an infected
individual sheds viral particle in the upper airway where swabs are
collected. Infected individuals emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
in their breath and sweat that are detectable by trained dogs. Here we
evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of dog detection against SARS-CoV-2
infection. Fifteen dogs previously trained at two centres in Australia
were presented to axillary sweat specimens collected from known
SARS-CoV-2 human cases and non-cases. The true infection status of the
cases and non-cases were confirmed based on RT-PCR results as well as
clinical presentation. Across dogs, the overall diagnostic sensitivity
(DSe) was 95.6% (95%CI: 93.6%-97.6%) and diagnostic specificity
(DSp) was 98.1% (95%CI: 96.3%-100.0%). The DSp decreased
significantly with non-case specimens sourced from UAE ( P-value
< 0.001). The location of evaluation did not impact the
detection performances. The accuracy of detection varied across dogs and
experienced dogs revealed a marginally better DSp ( P-value =
0.003). The potential and limitations of this alternative detection tool
are discussed.
Triple Semicircular Canal Occlusion Combined with Endolymphatic Sac Decompression: An Effective Surgical Strategy for Vertigo Control of Intractable Meniere’s Disease
Authors: Xie Bingbin , Wang Meiqun , Jiang Yunxia , Xie Wen , Zhang Shaorong , Liu Yuehui
Published: May 2021

Objective: To investigate the symptomatic relief and functional
preservation of a novel surgical strategy combined with triple
semicircular canal occlusion and endolymphatic sac decompression in
patients with intractable Meniere’s disease. Design: Retrospective
analysis. Setting: Patients with intractable Meniere’s disease in the
Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck in the Second Affiliated
Hospital of Nanchang University between July 2015 and June 2019.
Participants: Data from 46 patients diagnosed with Meniere’s disease,
and underwent surgery Methods: Triple semicircular canal occlusion
combined with endolymphatic sac decompression was performed in all
patients with intractable Meniere’s disease. Pre- and postoperative
vertigo attacks, hearing levels, tinnitus, aural fullness, and
equilibrium function rehabilitation were analyzed at defined time points
during follow-up. Results: A significant vertigo control rate was
observed in all patients postoperatively. The overall control rate of
vertigo postoperatively was 100% in the entire follow-up, with a
complete control rate of 97.8% and a substantial control rate of 2.2%.
The rate of hearing preservation was 54.35%, and all patients suffering
from hearing deterioration were at stages III and IV. The rate of
tinnitus and aural fullness alleviation was 65.8% and 100%,
respectively. Four patients failed to regain the equilibrium function
postoperatively. Conclusion: Combining triple semicircular canal
occlusion with endolymphatic sac decompression is an efficient strategy
for vertigo control in patients with intractable Meniere’s disease.
Patients in advanced stages suffered more from hearing function
deterioration. Hearing preservation and tinnitus alleviation warrant
further investigation.
Gastric cancer revealed by a pathologic fracture due to bone metastasis
Authors: Sabbah Meriam , Benzarti Zeineb , Bibani Norsaf , Bellil Nawel , Chammakhi Chiraz , Gargouri Dalila
Published: May 2021

Gastric cancer rarely disseminates to the bone. Initial clinical
presentation of bone metastasis without any preceding gastrointestinal
symptoms in gastric cancer patient is also extremely infrequent. Herein,
we report an original case of gastric cancer revealed by a pathologic
fracture due to bone metastasis.