bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Poor Outcomes in Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Pregnancies Complicated by Selective Fetal Growth Restriction
Authors: Soni Shelly , Gebb Juliana , Miller Kendra , Oliver Edward R. , Teefey Christina Paidas , Moldenhauer Julie S. , Khalek Nahla
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The aim of the study was to identify predictors of poor outcomes in monochorionic diamniotic twin (MCDA) pregnancies with selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR), irrespective of the umbilical artery (UA) Doppler abnormalities. Methods: Single-center retrospective analysis of MCDA twins diagnosed with sFGR that opted for expectant management between 2010 and 2021. The presence of any of the following variables in the growth-restricted fetus: low amniotic fluid volume (DVP ≤2 cm), lack of a cycling bladder, absent or reversed flow in the ductus venosus (DV) with atrial contraction, and elevated middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA-PSV) defined as ≥1.50 multiples of the median was categorized as complicated. sFGR cases were classified as simple in the absence of the above-mentioned variables. Results: Overall, 63.3% of cases qualified as simple, and 36.7% were complicated. Intertwin EFW discordance was higher in the complicated category (26 vs. 33%, p = 0.0002). The median gestational age at delivery was earlier (33 weeks vs. 30.5 weeks, p = 0.002), and the likelihood of survival was lower in the complicated category (p < 0.0001). The likelihood of two survivors to discharge was lower in type I complicated cases (70% in complicated type I vs. 97.1% in simple type I, p = 0.0003). On logistic regression analysis, an increase in the “complicated” score negatively correlated with two survivors to discharge (p < 0.0001). An ROC curve was created, and the AUC was 0.79. Increasing intertwin EFW discordance also decreased the probability of two survivors to discharge. Conclusion: The presence of oligohydramnios, lack of a cycling bladder, abnormal DV Doppler, and elevated MCA-PSV in the growth restricted fetus is associated with poor perinatal outcomes and a lower likelihood of having two survivors to discharge. The addition of intertwin EFW discordance to these variables helped improve the survival predictability.
Biochemical indices of blood in women suffering from anovulatory
infertility during xenical treatment
Authors: Mialiuk Oksana P. , Sabadyshyn Rostislav O. , Demianchuk Mykhailo R. , Shtrimaitis Oksana V. , Sadovnyk Olga V.
Published: March 2024

Summary. Obesity is a common problem among women of childbearing age.
It is known that obesity negatively affects various types of metabolism,
many organs and organ systems, and in particular, a woman's fertility. Thus,
obese women of childbearing age may experience menstrual irregularities,
endometrial pathology, and infertility. The aim of the study – to determine
changes in serum biochemical parameters in women with Xenical-induced
anovulatory infertility. Materials and Methods. We surveyed 82 obese women
who complained of no pregnancy for 2 years or more in the presence of
regular sex without the use of contraceptives. Patients were divided into
two equal groups: group 1 included 42 women, group 2 – 40 women.
Comprehensive treatment of obesity in patients of group 1 was supplemented
with the drug Xenical. A laboratory study was performed at the beginning of
the experiment, after 3 and 6 months: blood lipid spectrum, ALT, AST, CRP,
TSH, adiponectin, insulin, and OGTT. Results. Follow-up of patients in the
first stage of the study was carried out for 6 months. Six months later,
body weight in patients of group 1 decreased on average to (80.5±0.9) kg, in
patients of group 2 – to (94.4±1.1) kg. In group 1, 36 patients became
pregnant, in group 2 – 19. During the screening phase of the laboratory
study in the experimental and control groups, elevated levels of
cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and decreased levels of HDL
cholesterol and adiponectin. After 6 months, differences in the dynamics of
lipid metabolism were recorded. Thus, cholesterol in the main group
decreased by -0.35 [-0.75; 0.05] mol/l, and the control only -0.05 [-0.15;
0.25] mol/l (p = 0.027). There was a statistically significant difference
between the groups in the reduction of atherogenic LDL. In six months of the
study, all women who took Xenical showed normalization of cholesterol
levels, decreased CRP, and increased adiponectin levels. Conclusions.
Xenical is effective in the fight against obesity, improves laboratory blood
tests, has a particularly positive effect on lipid metabolism, which
resulted in the possibility of pregnancy in most patients who took this drug
Development of oxidative stress in different experimental models of
hypothyroidism in immature rats
Authors: Denefil Olha V. , Charnosh Sofia M.
Published: March 2024

Summary. Hypothyroidism is one of the common pathologies in the
practice of endocrinologist. Autoimmune thyroiditis and alimentary iodine
deficiency are the causes of hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism is especially
dangerous in children. An experiment study the pathology of the disease.
Today there are several models of experimental hypothyroidism: surgical
removal of the thyroid gland or thyrostatics using (thiourea derivatives –
propylthiouracil, metamazole, mercazolyl, thyroperoxidase blockers –
thiamazole), per os for 1–8 weeks. The aim of the study – to investigate the
processes of lipid peroxidation in immature rats in the simulation of
hypothyroidism by thyroidectomy, mercazolyl using and a combination of both
methods. Materials and Methods. The experiments performed on 75 white
sexually immature male rats aged 1.5–2.0 months of 3 groups. Group 1 –
hypothyroidism was induced by mercazolyl (75 mg/kg of body weight for 14
days), group 2 – by thyroidectomy, group 3 – by the combination of the first
two methods. Serum levels of diene conjugates (DC), TBA-active products,
superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity were determined. Results.
The results of the examination of rats indicate that each of the proposed
methods can achieve a deep hypothyroid state. The efficiency of expression
of hypothyroidism models for lipid peroxidation processes: thyroidectomy
(51.2 %) → mercazolyl (76.8 %) → thyroidectomy + mercazolyl (119.5 %). In
our experiments, a compensatory increase in SOD activity was noted. Changes
in the increase in SOD activity were as follows: thyroidectomy + mercazolyl
(1.6 times) → mercazolyl (2.6 times) → thyroidectomy (3.2 times). Catalase
activity changed ambiguously: in thyroidectomy it significantly increased
2.6 times, in feeding mercazolyl did not change significantly, and in
combined pathology – decreased by 44.4 %. Conclusions. 1. Thyroidectomy,
mercazolyl using and its combination are reliable methods of inducing
hypothyroidism in immature rats. As the hypothyroid state increases, these
methods can be presented in the following order: thyroidectomy → mercazolyl
→ thyroidectomy + mercazolyl. 2. In hypothyroidism, the processes of lipid
peroxidation activated as follows: thyroidectomy → mercazolyl →
thyroidectomy + mercazolyl. In response to thyroid pathology, the superoxide
dismutase activity of the blood compensatory increases: thyroidectomy +
mercazolyl → mercazolyl → thyroidectomy
Hypoxic-ischemic brain injuries in cardiosurgical patients (rationale of
causal connections)
Authors: Mankovskyi Dmytro S.
Published: March 2024

Summary. The presented article substantiates the materials on causation
in the most common variants of hypoxic-ischemic brain lesions in cardiac
surgery patients. The study showed that the functional changes assumed by
the patient's brain (under the conditions of heart surgery using the
resources of artificial circulation), reflects the state of the structural
patterns of the whole organism. The aim of the study – to analyze the
clinical and anamnestic materials on pathogenetic prototypes of
hypoxic-ischemic lesions that occur in patients as a result of cardiac
surgery. Materials and Methods. The materials were the results of anamnestic
profile clinical examinations and observations of patients (n = 118) who
were on routine hospitalization in the profile department of the State
Institution "Heart Institute of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine" in Kyiv.
The study used a thematic map of the patient, developed and processed by the
author. Its content was related to clinical prototypes associated with the
leading symptoms of the disease and contributed to the understanding of the
pathogenetic mechanisms of the latter. Results. The complex research,
scientific-theoretical, methodological, and patent-licensing information on
the specialty has shown that embolism is considered to be a priority
mechanism for the development of hypoxic-ischemic lesions. Another important
factor in the pathogenesis of hypoxic-ischemic disorders is hypoperfusion.
One of the reasons for the development of stroke during cardiac surgery,
especially in the surgical treatment of aortic pathology, is hypoperfusion
due to instability of central hemodynamics. The next level of influence on
systemic processes of development of hypoxic-ischemic defeats of the brain
of cardiac surgery patients is the systemic inflammatory response. According
to some researchers, CNS damage after cardiac surgery is largely due to side
effects associated with the use of artificial circulation. An important
point associated with the occurrence of hypoxic-ischemic changes in the
brain is called general anesthesia. The technique of total intravenous
and/or inhalation anesthesia does not provide adequate protection of CNS
structures from intraoperative pain. Conclusions. Analysis of clinical and
anamnestic materials on pathogenetic prototypes of hypoxic-ischemic lesions
that occur in patients as a result of cardiac surgery, shows the presence of
a complex of pathogenetic components, among which the leading role is played
by: embolism; hypoperfusion; systemic inflammatory response with changes in
hemostasis and the use of an arsenal of general anesthesia
Requirements for the level of doctors of philosophy training in nursing:
results of stakeholder survey
Authors: Synenko M.Yu. , Marushchak Mariya I. , Chornomydz Andriy V.
Published: March 2024

Summary. Increasing the skills of nursing staff is an important
strategy for achieving the goals of sustainable development and
strengthening the health care system. The aim of the study – to analyze the
needs of medical schools for specialists in the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy in nursing and the requirements for them, as well as the
educational program in 223 "Nursing", which is implemented at I.
Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, to provide the necessary
level of training. Materials and Methods. In order to achieve this goal,
letters of request were sent to the e-mails of 30 medical education
institutions to agree to take part in the survey. As a result, 10
institutions agreed to take the questionnaire and sent the completed
questionnaires. Results. The main requirements for doctors of nursing from
external stakeholders are as follows: a very high level of theoretical and
practical training with the formation of a significant number of necessary
competencies provided by the educational-scientific program in 223 "Nursing"
implemented at Ternopil National Medical University. It is recommended to
review and fully ensure the formation of psychological and pedagogical
competencies and the ability to apply the acquired knowledge in related
specialties of the field 22 "Health". The quality of training of specialists
at the 3rd level of higher education in nursing is confirmed by the high
interest of external stakeholders in hiring (70 %) and willingness to
recommend other managers to hire (100 %) graduates of TNMU in Nursing.
Conclusions. The educational and scientific program in the specialty 223
"Nursing", implemented at the Ternopil National Medical University, provides
a high level of training for doctors of philosophy in nursing
“Doutor, volta e pesquise melhor, falou besteira”: autoridade e argumentação em comentários no YouTube
Authors: Isola-Lanzoni Gabriel , Da Silva Lucas Pereira
Published: March 2024

Movimentos como os de terraplanistas, agentes antivacinas e céticos das mudanças climáticas têm impulsionado a discussão sobre a legitimidade dos conhecimentos construídos na esfera científica. Allchin (2022) entende que esses movimentos constituem o que denomina como Crise da Desinformação Científica, que influenciaria, dentre outras práticas, a forma como a comunicação científica, e sobretudo o debate que ela promove no meio digital, se desenvolve. Neste artigo, temos como objetivo investigar a tensão no reconhecimento de comunicadores científicos como autoridades em relação aos temas que discutem em vídeos de divulgação científica no YouTube. Para tanto, partimos dos estudos argumentativos (Gonçalves-Segundo, 2020; 2023a; Grácio, 2010; Plantin, 2008), em especial, das categorias de esquemas argumentativos e de perguntas críticas (Walton; Reed; Macagno, 2008; Lewiński, 2022; Gonçalves-Segundo, 2023a), e dos estudos sobre autoridade (Allchin, 2022; Lewiński, 2022), e nos debruçamos sobre um corpus de comentários do YouTube acerca de um vídeo sobre a segurança das vacinas contra a Covid-19. Identificamos distintos modos de questionamento sobre a autoridade do comunicador científico enquanto um porta-voz da ciência, especialmente no que diz respeito às dimensões da credibilidade, da confiabilidade e da consistência.
Afinal, o que é um argumento?
Authors: Gonçalves-Segundo Paulo Roberto
Published: March 2024

Este artigo busca discutir o conceito de argumento, alvo de considerável controvérsia no âmbito dos estudos da argumentação. Nosso objetivo central é apresentar uma contribuição a esse debate a partir de uma proposta unificadora e integradora orientada pela seguinte definição: o argumento é uma unidade de fundamentação de uma resposta a uma questão argumentativa. Com base nessa definição, procuramos, então, discorrer sobre as propriedades do fundamentar, propondo que tal processo possa ser delineado a partir de três operações: a operação lógico-inferencial de atribuição de plausibilidade à tese, que articula a noção de argumento à noção de esquema argumentativo em termos de uma relação tipo-instância; a operação retórica de geração de influência, que incorpora a discussão em torno de comprometimentos e acordos ao modo de funcionamento do argumento; e a operação dialética de deslocamento do ônus da prova para o outro, que conecta a realidade racional à interacional e intertextual. Cada uma dessas operações é discutida do ponto de vista teórico e operacional, destacando categorias relevantes de análise para dar conta desse conjunto. A fim de mostrar a produtividade da proposta, agregamos a tal debate a análise ilustrativa de um diálogo concreto entre uma menina de quatro anos e seu responsável, publicado no perfil Fatos de Crianças do então Twitter (hoje, X).
O ethos da inexistência
Authors: Santos Girlandia Gesteira , Santos Yuri Andrei Batista , Torga Vânia Lúcia Menezes
Published: March 2024

In the line of dialogue between discourse studies and argumentation studies, we analyze the construction of ethos in the paratext of the book Recordações da minha inexistência - memórias (Recollections of my non-existence – memoir) by Rebecca Solnit (2021). In view of a writing that traces a counter-hegemonic discourse in the underlying social context in the argumentative dimension, an important point to observe is how the discursive project of this autobiographical writing articulates itself in the construction of the narrative ethos of the author-narrator-personage. To this end, we will analyse the paratextual elements of the work. We consider that the ethos of female non-existence in this work occurs in linguistic and extralinguistic conditions that compose a self which resonates in the collectivity. From the analyses of the paratext of the work, we highlight how the construction of the discursive ethos of the author-narrator-character reflects and refracts the constitutive social conflicts of female self-representation in contemporaneity, in an aporetic way marking the female self-reference through the logic of a non-place.
Bakhtin e Possenti em diálogo: caminhos para a compreensão do fenômeno do riso/humor na contemporaneidade
Authors: Silva Beatriz Amorim de Azevedo e
Published: March 2024

Drawing from Mikhail Bakhtin’s main texts on laughter (2010[1965]; 2013[1963]; 2017[1970-1971]; 2019[1965]), this article aims to answer two questions: (i) how can we assert the existence of a connection between the laughter set in the context of medieval popular and comic culture and the contemporary laughter? and (ii) how can we locate, describe, and analyze laughter in discursive terms in a corpus? To this end, the Bakhtinian theory is confronted with texts by Sírio Possenti on humor (1991; 2003; 2007; 2018), which generates a dialogical (re)reading that traces bridges between the Bakhtinian reflections on laughter at its maximum historical scope and the various forms of contemporary humor, as characterized by Possenti. Through this theoretical intersection, a way of understanding humor is proposed as a discursive phenomenon, as well as the disposition of its contemporary manifestations: the distinction between typically humoristic utterances/genres and carnivalized utterances/genres. Lastly, this reflection raises potential research problems to be explored by future analyzes of contemporary humoristic corpora.
As metáforas conceptuais nos discursos parlamentares da Alemanha e do Brasil
Authors: Pereira Marina Sundfeld
Published: March 2024

This article presents partial results of an ongoing doctoral research, in which metaphors on the topic of "immigration" occurring in parliamentary speeches from Germany and Brazil in 2018 are identified and analyzed. Our aim is to find out which metaphors occur in these speeches and which factors, if any, make them more or less influential in political polarization. To do so, this research is based on Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Critical Discourse Analysis. The lexical items “migrante”, “imigrante”, “refugiado”, “Migrant” and “Flüchtling” were searched in the transcripts of the meetings of the German Parliament and the Brazilian House of Representatives with the aid of the AntConc’s concordance tool to identify metaphorical patterns. Then, we analyzed the metaphors based on Critical Discourse Analysis. The results reveal that conceptual metaphors contribute to create the division between in- and outgroup, which is characteristic of polarization.
Dois e dois, quatro: Temporalidade, performance e ensaio fílmico em Os Sonhados
Authors: Felippe Eduardo Ferraz
Published: March 2024

Neste texto, proponho uma leitura do ensaio fílmico Die Geträumten (Os sonhados, 2016), de Ruth Beckermann, e da troca epistolar entre Paul Celan e Ingeborg Bachmann, Tempo do coração. Primeiro, apresento algumas questões da troca de cartas entre Celan e Bachmann, depois associo a característica do ensaio fílmico ao tema da performance e do tempo. Por fim, aprofundo a questão da temporalidade, associando-a à discussão dos personagens presentes na trama enquanto escolha para escapar dos referenciais teóricos do trauma para a Literatura, o Cinema e a História.
Small Extracellular Vesicles From Infarcted and Failing Heart Accelerate Tumor Growth
Authors: Caller Tal , Rotem Itai , Shaihov-Teper Olga , Lendengolts Daria , Schary Yeshai , Shai Ruty , Glick-Saar Efrat , Dominissini Dan , Motiei Menachem , Katzir Idan , Popovtzer Rachela , Nahmoud Merav , Boomgarden Alex , D’Souza-Schorey Crislyn , Naftali-Shani Nili , Leor Jonathan
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:

Myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure are associated with an increased incidence of cancer. However, the mechanism is complex and unclear. Here, we aimed to test our hypothesis that cardiac small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), particularly cardiac mesenchymal stromal cell–derived sEVs (cMSC-sEVs), contribute to the link between post-MI left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) and cancer.

METHODS:

We purified and characterized sEVs from post-MI hearts and cultured cMSCs. Then, we analyzed cMSC-EV cargo and proneoplastic effects on several lines of cancer cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Next, we modeled heterotopic and orthotopic lung and breast cancer tumors in mice with post-MI LVD. We transferred cMSC-sEVs to assess sEV biodistribution and its effect on tumor growth. Finally, we tested the effects of sEV depletion and spironolactone treatment on cMSC-EV release and tumor growth.

RESULTS:

Post-MI hearts, particularly cMSCs, produced more sEVs with proneoplastic cargo than nonfailing hearts did. Proteomic analysis revealed unique protein profiles and higher quantities of tumor-promoting cytokines, proteins, and microRNAs in cMSC-sEVs from post-MI hearts. The proneoplastic effects of cMSC-sEVs varied with different types of cancer, with lung and colon cancers being more affected than melanoma and breast cancer cell lines. Post-MI cMSC-sEVs also activated resting macrophages into proangiogenic and protumorigenic states in vitro. At 28-day follow-up, mice with post-MI LVD developed larger heterotopic and orthotopic lung tumors than did sham-MI mice. Adoptive transfer of cMSC-sEVs from post-MI hearts accelerated the growth of heterotopic and orthotopic lung tumors, and biodistribution analysis revealed accumulating cMSC-sEVs in tumor cells along with accelerated tumor cell proliferation. sEV depletion reduced the tumor-promoting effects of MI, and adoptive transfer of cMSC-sEVs from post-MI hearts partially restored these effects. Finally, spironolactone treatment reduced the number of cMSC-sEVs and suppressed tumor growth during post-MI LVD.

CONCLUSIONS:

Cardiac sEVs, specifically cMSC-sEVs from post-MI hearts, carry multiple protumorigenic factors. Uptake of cMSC-sEVs by cancer cells accelerates tumor growth. Treatment with spironolactone significantly reduces accelerated tumor growth after MI. Our results provide new insight into the mechanism connecting post-MI LVD to cancer and propose a translational option to mitigate this deadly association.
Association of Blood Pressure With Brain White Matter Microstructural Integrity Assessed With MRI Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Won Junyeon , Maillard Pauline , Shan Kevin , Ashley John , Cardim Danilo , Zhu David C. , Zhang Rong
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:

High blood pressure (BP) in middle-aged and older adults is associated with a brain white matter (WM) microstructural abnormality. However, little evidence is available in healthy young adults. We investigated the associations between high BP and WM microstructural integrity in young adults.

METHODS:

This study included 1015 healthy young adults (542 women, 22–37 years) from the Human Connectome Project. Brachial systolic and diastolic BP were measured using a semiautomatic or manual sphygmomanometer. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was acquired to obtain diffusion tensor imaging metrics of free water (FW) content, FW-corrected WM fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and mean diffusivity. Using whole-brain voxel-wise linear regression models and ANCOVA, we examined associations of BP and hypertension stage with diffusion tensor imaging metrics after adjusting for age, sex, education, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption history, and differences in the
b
value used for diffusion magnetic resonance imaging.

RESULTS:

Systolic and diastolic BP of the sample (mean±SD) were 122.8±13.0 and 76.0±9.9 mm Hg, respectively. Associations of BP with diffusion tensor imaging metrics revealed regional heterogeneity for FW-corrected fractional anisotropy. High BP and high hypertension stage were associated with higher FW and lower FW-corrected axial diffusivity, FW-corrected radial diffusivity, and FW-corrected mean diffusivity. Moreover, associations of high diastolic BP and hypertension stage with high FW were found only in men not in women.

CONCLUSIONS:

High BP in young adults is associated with altered brain WM microstructural integrity, suggesting that high BP may have damaging effects on brain WM microstructural integrity in early adulthood, particularly in men.
Long-Term Outcomes in Patients With Spontaneous Cerebellar Hemorrhage: An International Cohort Study
Authors: Senff Jasper R. , Singh Sanjula D. , Pasi Marco , Jolink Wilmar M.T. , Rodrigues Mark A. , Schreuder Floris H.B.M. , Staals Julie , Schreuder Tobien , Douwes Jules P.J. , Talsma Jelmer , McKaig Brenna N. , Kourkoulis Christina , Yechoor Nirupama , Anderson Christopher D. , Puy Laurent , Cordonnier Charlotte , Wermer Marieke J.H. , Rothwell Peter M. , Rosand Jonathan , Klijn Catharina J.M. , Al-Shahi Salman Rustam , Rinkel Gabriël J.E. , Viswanathan Anand , Goldstein Joshua N. , Brouwers H. Bart
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the cerebellum has a poor short-term prognosis, whereas data on the long-term case fatality and recurrent vascular events are sparse. Herewith, we aimed to assess the long-term case fatality and recurrence rate of vascular events after a first cerebellar ICH.

METHODS:

In this international cohort study, we included patients from 10 hospitals (the United States and Europe from 1997 to 2017) aged ≥18 years with a first spontaneous cerebellar ICH who were discharged alive. Data on long-term case fatality and recurrence of vascular events (recurrent ICH [supratentoria or infratentorial], ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, or major vascular surgery) were collected for survival analysis and absolute event rate calculation.

RESULTS:

We included 405 patients with cerebellar ICH (mean age [SD], 72 [13] years, 49% female). The median survival time was 67 months (interquartile range, 23–100 months), with a cumulative survival rate of 34% at 10-year follow-up (median follow-up time per center ranged: 15–80 months). In the 347 patients with data on vascular events 92 events occurred in 78 patients, after initial cerebellar ICH: 31 (8.9%) patients had a recurrent ICH (absolute event rate, 1.8 per 100 patient-years [95% CI, 1.2–2.6]), 39 (11%) had an ischemic stroke (absolute event rate, 2.3 [95% CI, 1.6–3.2]), 13 (3.7%) had a myocardial infarction (absolute event rate, 0.8 [95% CI, 0.4–1.3]), and 5 (1.4%) underwent major vascular surgery (absolute event rate, 0.3 [95% CI, 0.1–0.7]). The median time to a first vascular event during follow-up was 27 months (interquartile range, 8.7–50 months), with a cumulative hazard of 47% at 10 years.

CONCLUSIONS:

The long-term prognosis of patients who survive a first spontaneous cerebellar ICH is poor and comparable to that of patients who survive a first supratentorial ICH. Further identification of patients at high risk of vascular events following the initial cerebellar ICH is needed. Including patients with cerebellar ICH in randomized controlled trials on secondary prevention of patients with ICH is warranted.
Moving From CT to MRI Paradigm in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Feasibility, Effects on Stroke Diagnosis and Long-Term Outcomes
Authors: Rapillo Costanza Maria , Dunet Vincent , Pistocchi Silvia , Salerno Alexander , Darioli Vincent , Bartolini Bruno , Hajdu Steven David , Michel Patrik , Strambo Davide
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:

The relative value of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is debated. In May 2018, our center transitioned from using CT to MRI as first-line imaging for AIS. This retrospective study aims to assess the effects of this paradigm change on diagnosis and disability outcomes.

METHODS:

We compared all consecutive patients with confirmed diagnosis of AIS admitted to our center during the MRI-period (May 2018–August 2022) and an identical number of patients from the preceding CT-period (December 2012–April 2018). Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to evaluate outcomes, including the number and delay of imaging exams, the rate of missed strokes, stroke mimics treated with thrombolysis, undetermined stroke mechanisms, length of hospitalization, and 3-month disability.

RESULTS:

The median age of the 2972 included patients was 76 years (interquartile range, 65–84), and 46% were female. In the MRI-period, 80% underwent MRI as first acute imaging. The proportion of patients requiring a second acute imaging modality for diagnostic ± revascularization reasons increased from 2.1% to 5% (
P
unadj
<0.05), but it decreased in the subacute phase from 79.0% to 60.1% (
P
adj
<0.05). In thrombolysis candidates, there was a 2-minute increase in door-to-imaging delay (
P
adj
<0.05). The rates of initially missed AIS diagnosis was similar (3.8% versus 4.4%,
P
adj
=0.32) and thrombolysis in stroke mimics decreased by half (8.6% versus 4.3%;
P
adj
<0.05). Rates of unidentified stroke mechanism at hospital discharge were similar (22.8% versus 28.1%;
P
adj
=0.99). The length of hospitalization decreased from 9 (interquartile range, 6–14) to 7 (interquartile range, 4–12) days (
P
adj
=0.62). Disability at 3 months was similar (common adjusted odds ratio for favorable Rankin shift, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.71–1.36];
P
adj
=0.91), as well as mortality and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.

CONCLUSIONS:

A paradigm shift from CT to MRI as first-line imaging for AIS seems feasible in a comprehensive stroke center, with a minimally increased delay to imaging in thrombolysis candidates. MRI was associated with reduced thrombolysis rates of stroke mimics and subacute neuroimaging needs.
Myct1 Alleviates Hypoxia-Induced Dysfunction by Regulating Pericyte Reprogramming
Authors: Su Wenrong , Guan Xifeng , Zhang Shiqing , Qiu Juan , Chen Jinghai , Sun Junchang
Published: March 2024

As one of the main causes of death from cardiovascular diseases, myocardial infarction has brought a heavy burden to society. However, its underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. Irreversible contraction of pericytes will cause capillary contraction, resulting in microcirculatory
disorder, which finally lead to no-reflow after myocardial infarction. In the current study, we used hypoxia to simulate the environment of myocardial infarction in vitro, and found that under hypoxia conditions, the contractility of pericytes was significantly enhanced, the apoptosis rate
and the content of angiogenic factors was increased. Besides, a target gene of c-Myc, Myct1, could regulate pericytes reprogramming into endothelial cells. After reprogramming of pericytes, the contractile ability was reduced, and the ability to promote angiogenesis was also inhibited. Moreover,
pericyte reprogramming significantly reduced the expressions of myocardial enzymes CK-MB and LDH, troponin TnT and inflammatory cytokine IL-6. In conclusion, the reprogramming of pericytes regulated by Myct1 could alleviate the dysfunction of pericytes, thereby inhibiting the expression of
myocardial infarction markers, which was conducive to improving the phenomenon of no-reflow after myocardial infarction.
Blockade of Cluster of Differentiation 38 Alleviates Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice Through Inflammation Suppression via Regulating Toll-Like Receptor 4/Nuclear Factor kappa B p65
Authors: Zhang Xianjin , Shen Hui , Wang Li , Zhu Miaomiao , Wang Yingzhi
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to investigate the role of CD38 inhibition in sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) using a murine model. ALI, commonly associated with excessive inflammation, was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). We observed an increase in CD38 expression in lung tissue
over time in the ALI mice. To address this, we administered the CD38 inhibitor, 78C, subcutaneously at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Following treatment, we assessed lung function, inflammatory cell levels, and cytokine concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. We also examined the activity of
the TLR4/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway in lung tissue. Results showed that 78C treatment improved lung function and reduced inflammatory cells and cytokines in ALI mice. Moreover, 78C inhibited the expression of the TLR4/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway in lung tissue. This
CD38 blockade effectively mitigated inflammation levels in lung tissue, ameliorated lung function, and alleviated sepsis-induced ALI induced by CLP. These findings suggest that targeting CD38 to modulate the TLR4/NF-κB p65 inflammatory pathway holds promise as a therapeutic strategy
for sepsis-induced ALI.
Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 Acts as an Independent Prognostic Biomarker Correlated with Immune Infiltration in Breast Cancer
Authors: Li Yilin , Li Wei , Wang Sisi , Chen Jiaren , Deng Lufeng , Li Dan , Zhong Yangyan , Deng Junjie , Deng Jian , Feng Haigang , Luo Jie , Cao Hong
Published: March 2024

Matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) is overexpressed in multiple human tumors. However, the role of MMP1 in breast cancer (BRCA) has not been explored. The relationship between MMP1 expression and immune cell infiltration was conducted using Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER, <ext-link
ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://cistrome.shinyapps.io/timer/">https://cistrome.shinyapps.io/timer/), and the survival curve was plotted using Kaplan-Meier with log-rank test. The influence of MMP1 on immune infiltration, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes
and Genomes analyses, immunologic infiltration analysis, and drug sensitivity were conducted through R 4.2.0. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) were used to verify MMP1 expression in BC and the correlation between MMP1 and CD20, CD86 immune cells. MMP1 was overexpressed
in BRCA tumors (P < 0.05), and its high expression was related to poor prognosis (P = 0.01). In addition, MMP1 was an independent prognostic biomarker in BRCA. Our findings provide information to further understand the biological functions and signaling pathways of MMP1 in
BRCA. IHC and IF have proven the relationship between MMP1 and BRCA. These results implied a critical role of MMP1 in the prognosis and immune infiltration of BRCA. In addition, MMP1 expression participated in regulating multiple oncogenes and tumorigenesis.
Circ_0060060 Accelerates Metastasis of Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma by Upregulating FUT8
Authors: Huo Yue , An Lin , Zhao Qi , Li Na , Zhen He , Wang Kunjie
Published: March 2024

We aimed to elucidate the diagnostic and prognostic values of Circ_0060060 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and its regulatory effect on FUT8. Relative levels of Circ_0060060 and FUT8 were examined in NSCLC and adjacent tissues. Clinical information of recruited NSCLC patients
was collected for assessing the prognostic value of Circ_0060060. Regulatory effects of Circ_0060060 and FUT8 on in vitro proliferative and migratory abilities of NSCLC were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and transwell assay, respectively. Finally, the interaction between Circ_0060060
and FUT8 was determined via dual-luciferase reporter assay and Pearson correlation test. Circ_0060060 and FUT8 were upregulated in NSCLC tissues. High level of Circ_0060060 or FUT8 predicted higher incidences of distant metastasis and worse overall survival in NSCLC patients. in vitro
evidences have shown the roles of Circ_0060060 and FUT8 in stimulating proliferative and migratory abilities of PC-9 and SPC-A1 cells. Circ_0060060 directly targeted FUT8 and positively regulated its level. Circ_0060060 and FUT8 are effective diagnostic markers of NSCLC. Circ_0060060 stimulates
proliferative and migratory abilities of NSCLC by regulating FUT8.
Prognostic Role of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: He Tao , Mohammadpour Behnood , Willman Matthew , Yaghoobpoor Shirin , Willman Jonathan , Lucke-Wold Brandon , Aminizadeh Sarina , Khanzadeh Shokoufeh , Bazrgar Aida , Ghaedi Arshin
Published: March 2024

This meta-analysis assessed the use of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a means of early detection of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) following diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. We used Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus to conduct a systematic search. There was no limitation regarding language or date of publication. We reported standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Due to high heterogeneity, a random-effects model was used, and the Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used for quality assessment. Thirty-one articles were included in the analysis. Patients in the CIN group had elevated levels of NLR compared with those in the non-CIN group (SMD = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.52–1.04, P < .001). Similar results were observed in either prospective (SMD = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.13–1.93, P = .02) or retrospective studies (SMD = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.45–0.96, P < .001). The pooled sensitivity of NLR was 74.02% (95% CI = 66.54%–81.02%), and the pooled specificity was 60.58% (95% CI = 53.94%–66.84%). NLR shows potential as a cost-effective biomarker for predicting CIN associated with contrast-involved treatments. This could help implement timely interventions to mitigate CIN and improve outcomes.
Who recounts the Stalinist past? Mnemonic roles, acts of remembering and life-scripts in Russian families
Authors: Slade Gavin , Turlubekova Zhaniya , Piacentini Laura
Published: March 2024

This article asks why some memories of the Stalinist Gulag are shared while others are not. Considering remembering as a social act, we argue that who engages in acts of remembering, to whom, when and how helps explain what is remembered. The article draws on family memories shared by participants of 16 focus groups in four research sites in Russia. We find that mnemonic actors – most often grandmothers – remember victimhood in veiled ways, structured by life-scripts that focus on the positive: they couch the bad in the good of the Soviet past, particularly focusing on evasive action and near misses which highlight the stoicism and cunning of family members who narrowly avoided repression. We suppose these narratives emerge in families and are shared within the focus groups due to perceived social appropriateness. The study adds to the literature on entangled memory and argues for the use of focus groups as a method for exploring the social patterning of remembering.
An Experience Sensitive Approach to Care With and for Autistic Children and Young People in Clinical Services
Authors: McGreevy Elaine , Quinn Alexis , Law Roslyn , Botha Monique , Evans Mairi , Rose Kieran , Moyse Ruth , Boyens Tiegan , Matejko Maciej , Pavlopoulou Georgia
Published: March 2024

Many support schemes in current autism clinical services for children and young people are based on notions of neuro-normativity with a behavioral emphasis. Such neuro-disorder approaches gradually undermine a person, restrain authentic self-expression, and fail to address the impact of a hostile world on autistic well-being. Furthermore, such approaches obscure attention from a fundamental challenge to conceptualize an alternative humanistic informed framework of care for staff working with diagnosed or undiagnosed autistic children and young people. In this article, we offer an appreciation of the lifeworld-led model of care by Todres et al. We discuss how mental health practitioners can adopt an experience-sensitive framework of health care by incorporating the eight dimensions of care into practice. This neuroinclusive approach creates a culture of respect, honors the sovereignty of the person, prioritizes personalization of care based on collaborative decision-making, and enables practitioners to support well-being from an existential, humanistic view, grounded in acceptance of autistic diversity of being. Without a fundamental shift toward such neurodivergence-affirming support with practitioners being willing to transform their understanding, real progress cannot happen to prevent poor mental health outcomes for autistic people across the lifespan. This shift is needed to change practice across research, clinical, and educational contexts.
The Relationship Between Dispositional Affectivity, Perceived Income Adequacy, and Financial Strain: An Analysis of Financial Stress Perceptions
Authors: Graham Baylor A. , Sinclair Robert R. , Munc Alec
Published: March 2024

Despite financial concerns representing of the most substantial sources of stress, the intersection between individual differences and financial stress has received sparce attention. Emphasizing the cognitive-appraisal process, our study reveals financial stress perceptions partly reflect a dispositional tendency to interpret financial information either more positively or negatively. Across two studies ( N = 441; N = 348), we found that positive and negative affect predict subjective financial perceptions of income adequacy. Further, using Relative Weights Analysis, we demonstrate that in predicting financial stress perceptions, dispositional affect is as important as, or more important than, objective measures of financial stress (i.e., household income and debt). Lastly, using moderated mediation, we found that both current and future perceived income adequacy mediate the relationship between one’s income and their experience of affective financial strain, and dispositional affect moderates this relationship. Our work informs current research and interventions seeking to understand individual differences in financial stress perceptions.
Longitudinal pathways of associations between motor proficiency and physical fitness during earlier and later childhood: The NW-CHILD study
Authors: Pienaar Anita Elizabeth , Gericke Carli , du Plessis Wilmarié
Published: March 2024

Understanding the relationships between motor proficiency (MP) and physical fitness (PF) is important for the future health of children, although longitudinal findings of this nature are limited. This study explored the association between MP and PF during earlier childhood (6 and 9 years old) and later childhood (12 years old) in boys and girls. A stratified and randomized research design including a baseline and two follow-up time-point measures (2010, 2013, and 2016) were used. Primary school children (N = 374, boys = 178; girls = 196) were tested with the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor-Proficiency-2, Short Form, and the Test of Gross Motor Development- 2, at ages 6 and 9 years, and with the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run test at age 12. Spearman Rank Order Correlations and stepwise regression analyses were used to analyze the data. Although of a low magnitude, proof of a dynamic longitudinal, but a stable relationship between MP and PF were found and with different gender-specific relationships in this pathway of association. A small but significant percentage of variation in PF at 12 years could be explained by overall motor competence (MC) and object control skills (OCS) at the ages of 6 and 9 years. Among girls, the association with PF at 12 years was influenced by both OCS, and MC, although only MC contributed to the variation found in boys. Socio-economic status made an insignificant contribution at 6 years to later PF in boys, but not in girls. MC, including OCS during early and middle childhood can be considered as possible triggers of physical activity which again, can increase PF during later childhood. Obtaining early competence in these developmental areas is therefore important to promote positive and sustainable trajectories of health with long-term health outcomes.
CPBA-CLIM: An entity-relation extraction model for ontology-based knowledge graph construction in hazardous chemical incident management
Authors: Du Wanru , Wang Xiaoyin , Zhu Quan , Jing Xiaochuan , Liu Xuan
Published: March 2024

In recent years, hazardous chemical incidents have occurred frequently, resulting in significant human casualties, property damage, and environmental pollution due to human or natural factors. Accurately mining the lessons learned from accumulating incident reports and constructing the knowledge graph for hazardous chemical incident management can assist managers in identifying patterns and analyzing common attributes, thereby preventing the recurrence of similar incidents. This article addresses the challenges of dispersed textual information, specialized vocabulary, and data formats in hazardous chemical incidents. We propose a novel entity-relation extraction model called CPBA-CLIM (content-position-based attention-cross-label intersect matching) to provide an accurate data foundation for constructing the hazardous chemical incident knowledge graph. The content-position-based attention module, based on content-position attention, incorporates contextual semantic information into the combined encoding of bidirectional encoder representations from the transformer's content and position to obtain dynamic word vectors that align with the thematic context of the text. Additionally, the cross-label intersect matching strategy evaluates the rationality of entity–relation interactions in sets containing potential overlaps, reducing the impact of entity–relation overlap on triplet extraction accuracy. Comparative experimental results on public datasets demonstrate the model's outstanding performance in overlapping triplets. Qualitative experiments on a self-constructed dataset integrate our model with ontology construction techniques, successfully establishing a knowledge graph for managing hazardous chemical incidents. This research effectively enhances the degree of automation and efficiency in knowledge graph construction, thus offering support and decision-making foundations for hazardous chemical safety management.
Making Sense of the Gendered Realities in Science: An Exploration of the Indian Situation
Authors: Dhal Sunita , Sharma Jyoti
Published: March 2024

The field of ‘women in science’ in India is evolving with policies that could support ending gender discrimination in the practice and culture of science. Gender inclusivity in science is a complex phenomenon, and it differs in forms and scale across institutions. This complexity has invoked feminist scholars, governments, and organisations to critically engage with issues of gender inequities in science. This article, based on a sample study, seeks to understand the idea of gender inclusivity in science, and the discrimination and marginalisation women scientists face, while exploring how they negotiate institutional spaces and address specific and unique challenges in their everyday reality.
Reading Progress in Attainment of Higher Education Goals in India: Features and Characteristics
Authors: Shukla Vachaspati , Mishra Udaya S.
Published: March 2024

This article is an attempt at evaluating the progress in higher education attainment in India, using an innovative approach of reading such progress in terms of varying attainments by age cohorts (older to younger). In addition, characteristic differentials are accounted for in the evaluation of such progress. It reveals that group disparities tend to be lower among the younger age cohorts, and the pattern of social and gender disparities appears to be different in the rural and urban sectors. Gender disparity disappears in the youngest age cohort for the urban sector, while it remains significant in the rural sector, with a reasonable rural–urban disparity in overall progress in higher education. The urban female is perhaps the largest beneficiary of expansion in higher education, while the rural female remains most deprived and has benefitted the least.
Indian Citizenship Revisited
Authors: Majumdar Manabi
Published: March 2024

Sukumar Muralidharan, The Nation and Its Citizens: Tales of Bondage and Belonging, Rupa Publications, 2022, 263 pp., ₹395, ISBN: 9789355206381 (Paperback).

Anupama Roy, Citizenship Regimes, Law and Belonging: The CAA and the NRC, Oxford University Press, 2022, 280 pp., ₹1495, ISBN: 9780192859082 (Hardcover).

Harsh Mander and Navsharan Singh (Eds.), This Land Is Mine, I am Not of This Land: CAA-NRC and the Manufacture of Statelessness, Speaking Tiger Books, 2021, 421 pp., ₹499, ISBN: 9789390477180 (Paperback).