bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Ternary Composite Phase Change Storage Mortar
Authors: Wang Qing , Wu Tao Jun , Ding Zhao Yang , Zhang Cun Bao
Published: October 2014

In this paper, ternary composite paraffin was used as raw material, vitrified microsphere and expanded pearlite were used as carrier, styrene-acrylic emulsion and EVA emulsion as encapsulated to prepare phase change energy storage mortar. According to paraffin adsorption capacity, leakage and other performance tests , the appropriate carrier and encapsulate materials were selected . The results show that, through both temperature-time curve test and DSC analysis, the best ratio of 3# paraffin to n-tetradecane to solid paraffin is 1:2:7. Vitrified microsphere as carrier, the amount of paraffin under vacuum adsorption condition for 30mins is 502.2% which is much higher than that of expanded pearlite. Styrene-acrylic emulsion as encapsulate material, the leakage of paraffin problem can be solved effectively, and in this case, the minimum leakage of paraffin/vitrified microsphere is only 4.42%. The compressive strength of paraffin/vitrified microsphere phase change energy storage mortar is 5.35 MPa, the thermal conductivity is 0.3372 W/m·K which improved the insulation performance of mortar significantly.
Study on Energy Saving from Intermittent Operation of Air-Conditioning System
Authors: Jin Hong Wen
Published: October 2014

According to the principles of air and heat balance and aiming at air-conditioning load time delay mechanism, the boot time for air-conditioning system operation is controlled to satisfy the demand of air-conditioned environment without wasting energy [1].
Energy-Saving Analysis about Control Strategy of District Heating System
Authors: Hao Cai Xia , Zhang Hai Ping , Lu Chun Ping
Published: October 2014

Three operating modes of district heating system are introduced and the operating parameters are compared. To find out the most energy-saving one, an experiment is carried out in a cogeneration plant. An operating mode using variable frequency circulating pump for flow control at a constant supply and return water temperature difference is proposed. The conclusion shows that using variable frequency circulating pump is a more energy-saving method.
Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer outside the Tube of the Evaporative Air Cooler
Authors: Liu Hong Jiao , Chen Liang Cai , Zhang Jian Qi
Published: October 2014

By considering the momentum source term of surface tension and the source term of heat transfer in gas-liquid two phase flow, a computational model based on the VOF was established to discuss the rules of the temperature outside tube in the evaporative air cooler.The result shows that under a wind velocity and spray density, the temperature of water near the wall dropped sharply at first, with wall distance increasing, finally to environmental temperature, and with annular angle increase, the temperature of water film increases. And the higher the wind speed, the higher the water film temperature, but the changes of wind speed has little influence on the temperature within less than 60 º angle. The smaller the spray density, the higher water film temperature.
Research of Architecture Based on Distributed Source Plug and Play
Authors: Guo Ming Zhu , Wang Ying , Bu Fan Peng , Dong Ming Yu
Published: October 2014

Energy saving has become a consensus and urgency problems to solve for China and the world. The proposal of Smart Grid based on this. A large number of distributed power penetratione as an important feature of the future smart grid has become an irreversible trend, especially in the distribution network, the economic ,efficiency, and the advantages of the green environmental will be reflected more perfect. A large number of distributed power access also produce many adverse effects on the existing distribution network, that it is difficult to reflect the immediate advantages of distributed power supply. Because of this,plug and play of the distributed power become the hot spot of research in this field. This paper will be another point of view to discuss the distributed power access to the distributed grid side.with plug-and-play architecture.By the research of theoretical origin,the formation of plug-and-play and the expansion in the field of distributed power access distribution network.This paper puts forward the system's point of view to discusses the three models and their own characteristics for the distributed power access to distribution network, hope it will lay theoretical foundation of the Plug and Play technology for the eventual realization these models in the future by the power electronics, communications, control theory,and so on.
A Three-Dimensional Model for Mass Transfer in Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
Authors: Liu Si Yu , Yu Ming Fu , Wan Ye , Sun Hong
Published: October 2014

In this paper, a three-dimension model for the vanadium redox flow battery was established to simulate its mass transfer. The distribution of VO2+and VO2+ in positive electrode area, the distribution of V2+ and V3+ in the negative electrode area, and the influences of flow velocity, temperature and the electrolyte concentration on the mass transfer are analyzed. The results show that the mass fraction of VO2+ and V2+ decrease while those of VO2+and V3+increase along the channel direction; the species concentration under the ridge is lower than that under the flow channel. The flow velocity of electrolyte affects the mass distribution at the entrance of the cell, and hardly affects the electrochemical reaction rate; Increase of the temperature accelerates the electrochemical reaction rate; the electrolyte concentration affects both of the mass distribution and the number of ions. The study has great significance both on the optimization of vanadium redox flow battery and its application.
Feasibility Study of Distributed Roof Photovoltaic Generation Technology Applications in Shanghai
Authors: Gu Qun Yin , Li Xiao Ying , Li Li Yi , Wu Cui Yu , Shu Nai Hong
Published: October 2014

The current situation, domestic supportive policies and problems of photovoltaic generation technology are analyzed. According to the roof resources and solar illumination conditions in Shanghai, feasibility analysis of distributed roof photovoltaic generation technology is presented in angle of economic feasibility. The influence of generation price subsidies on the internal rate of return and payback period is obtained and finally raising advices to improve domestic photovoltaic generation technology.
Heteropolyanion Substituted Layered Double Hydroxide as Recoverable Catalyst for the Oxidative Desulfurization of Simulated Fuel Oil and Diesel
Authors: Yu Feng Li , Lu Yang
Published: October 2014

Heteropolyanion substituted layered double hydroxide were synthesized and used as catalysts for oxidative desulfurization in simulated fuel oil (dibenzothiophene (DBT) inn-octane) or diesel. The catalysts are recoverable and operate with high conversion efficiency under mild conditions of atmospheric pressure and 60 °C in a biphasic system using peroxide hydrogen as oxidant and acetonitrile as extractant. Zn9Al3(OH)24PW12O40(ZnAlPW), Zn9Al3(OH)24PMo12O40(ZnAlPMo) and Zn12Al4(OH)32SiW12O40(ZnAlSiW) were identified as effective catalysts for the oxidative removal of DBT from simulated fuel oil. The order of decreasing catalytic activity is ZnAlPMo > ZnAlPW > ZnAlSiW. The results show that the best catalysts, ZnAlPMo, attained to a DBT conversion of nearly 100%. All the catalysts can be readily recycled by filtration after use. The recoverable ZnAlPMo retains nearly the same catalytic activity as the fresh. ZnAlPMo was found to exhibit an ideal catalytic activity in oxidative desulfurization of diesel with a total sulfur removal rate of 91.8%.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 as Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode
Authors: Zhao Hu , Hu Zhong Bo , Xiao Xiao Ling , Liu Xiang Feng
Published: October 2014

Hydrothermal method was successfully employed to synthesize LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 and the crystallinity of the resultant product was further improved by an annealing process. The structural information of the final product was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement. The results showed that the Li/Ni exchange rate of hydrothermal samples was lower than traditional solid state method. Because of the improvement of the crystallinity the capacity of the annealed product was much better than that of the as prepared hydrothermal product. The capacity of annealed sample maintained 100mAh/g after 100 charge/discharge cycles. ICP-OES element analysis show that both hydrothermal and annealed samples are non-stoichiometric due to the existence of high valence Ni3+ and Mn4+ ions in LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 samples which might be largely responsible for the lower electrochemical capacity. Our work demonstrated that stoichiometric LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 with lower Li/Ni exchange could be synthesized by hydrothermal method when suitable oxidants were selected.
Lithium Ion Battery Efficient Thermal Management Numerical Simulation Research
Authors: Sun Shi Mei , Zhang Xin Yu , Yang Meng Qiao
Published: October 2014

The rapid development of lithium ion battery has provided a broad space for every profession and trade, but the temperature change of the lithium ion battery is relatively sensitive, should strengthen the lithium ion battery thermal management system. In this paper, using COMSOL MUTILPHYSICS software, the lithium-ion battery forced convection cooling numerical simulation research , comparing its temperature changes. We conclude: when forced convection temperature is high, the flow speed is high, the cooling effect is better; near the cooling entrance closer, the cooling effect is more obvious, and has important significance to the lithium ion battery radiating and rational utilization.
Lithium Ion Battery Temperature Field Numerical Simulation Research
Authors: Sun Shi Mei , Zhang Xin Yu , Yang Meng Qiao
Published: October 2014

As a new type of lithium-ion energy should be in a wide range of industries , the battery 's own battery temperature is facing a serious problem . Based on the three-dimensional applications based on COMSOL MUTILPHYSICS software was simulated using the control variable method and compared the results of its analysis. Application of COMSOL MUTILPHYSICS software to simulate the three-dimensional basis, using control variable method, and the results were compared. The results show that, when the temperature is high or when the battery discharge times, rising temperatures in the region better, faster and more; heat of reaction generated; also get a cell center along the radial direction, the temperature is gradually reduced.
Operation and Control of a Microgrid Containing PV Cells and Battery
Authors: Song Xu Ri , Chen Xue Jing , Wang Miao , Bai Yang , Lin Jing Huai , Li Ze Ke
Published: October 2014

Microgrids are LV or MV electric networks which utilize various distributed generators (DG)to serve local loads. They could operate in either grid-connected or island mode, and hence increase the reliability of energy supplies. In this paper, dynamic models of photovoltaic cell were described in ElectroMagnetic Transient Program/Alternative Transients Program(EMTP/ATP).In addition, basic models of the equivalent power electronic interfaces and batteries were developed.The above models have been integrated in a microgrid to represent the dynamic characteristic of steady state and transient operation. When operated under steady state, the PV cells could be able to deliver power supply to the load via electronic interfaces. When fault,the battery with P/V and Q/f control strategy based on the droop characteristics was developed to isolate the microgrid from the main grid in a rapid and seamless way,which contributing effective control of voltage and enhancement of system stability. Simulation results verify the feasibility of the proposed models.
Preparation of Pd-Cu-Ce Hydrogen Separation Membrane Alloys
Authors: Zhao Hai , Liu Jun Qing
Published: October 2014

Pd-Cu-Ce composite membrane was prepared using an electroless plating technique. The effects of temperature and pressure on permeation were studied. The resistance to sulfidation was examined by exposing alloys to simulated syngas containing a combined gas of H2 and H2S. The alloys showed sings of slight sufidation at the 0.1% H2S exposure level.
Synthesis, Electrical Conductivity and Electrochemical Properties of SrFe1−xSbxO3−δ as Cathode Materials for IT-SOFCs
Authors: Yu Xiu Ling , Li Xue
Published: October 2014

Fe-based perovskite oxides SrFe1-xSbxO3-δ (SFS, x = 0.05–0.15) have been prepared by a solid-state reaction and studied as novel cathode materials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). As SOFC cathodes, the highest electrical conductivity of 100 S cm−1 at 425 oC in air was obtained for the x = 0.05 sample. The area-specific resistances of the SFS ( x = 0.05) cathode on the LSGM electrolyte where at 700 oC is 0.17 Ω cm2. All these results demonstrates that Sb-substituted SFS perovskites materials are promising cheaper alternative cathodes for an IT-SOFC.
The Effect of Temperature on the Morphology and Electrochemical Performance of Li3V2(Po4)3 Cathode Material
Authors: Lai Chun Yan , Wei Jiao Jiao , Wang Zhen
Published: October 2014

Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode materials were synthesized by a sol-gel method. The effect of sintering temperature on the morphology and electrochemical performance of Li3V2(PO4)3 product was studied. XRD, SEM and galvanostatic charge/discharge tests were used to analysis the structure and electrochemical performance of Li3V2(PO4)3 materials. The results indicate that 800 °C was a suitable temperature to synthesize Li3V2(PO4)3 materials. The product synthesized at that temperature has more uniform particle and shows higher capacity than other materials.
The Structural and Hydrogen Storage Properties of Al-Doped Boron Nitride Nanotube
Authors: Zhang Song , Wu Bo , Wu Xue Ke , Jing Tao
Published: October 2014

The geometrical structures and electronical properties, as well as hydrogen storage of Al-doped boron nitride nanotube have been investigated using first principles based on density functional theory. The results show that the symmetry of boron nitride nanotube is destroyed slightly by doping one Al atom. Furthermore, physical absorption is found due to the small average absorption energy of Al-BNNT-nH2, which indicates that this hydrogen absorption will occurs at room temperature. In addition, some novel structures presenting almost same absorption behaviors are predicted, which will offer useful information to future experimental investigation on the design of hydrogen storage materials.
Update Progress of Pressurized Entrained-Flow Gasifier with Coal Slurry in China
Authors: Liu Xiao Di , Hao Tian Yi , Zhang Yong , Gu Xue Ying
Published: October 2014

Coal Water Slurry (CWS) gasification technology has a stable market due to its technical advantages. China did a lot of research and development work in coal slurry gasification technology, which has made considerable progress. Especially CWS gasification technology with Membrane Water Wall which was put into operation in recent years got a significant improvement in terms of safety, fuel flexibility, reliability and continuous operation cycles.
Synthesis of Nanosized ANNT Series Ceramic Powder by Citrate Wet Chemical Method
Authors: Yan Yu Qing , Wen Yu Gang , Sun Chun Feng
Published: October 2014

In this communication, Ag0.9Na0.1(NbyTa1-y)O3 (y=0.5,0.6,0.7,0.9)（ANNT） mixed oxide powder was synthesized by citrate wet chemical method. TG-DTA, XRD and TEM analyses showed that the reaction temperature was 800°C, the calcining time was three hours, and the product was pure ANNT in well-dispersed grain structure (45nm in average).
SF6 Byproducts in Simulated Electric Equipment of Overheating Faults in High Humidity
Authors: Wang Yu , Li Li , Zhou Yong Yan
Published: October 2014

The decomposition of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) in overheated electric equipment at different temperature in high humidity was simulated in the study. SF6 is very stable and not significantly decomposed at 200 °C, 250 °C and 300 °C. SF6 is significantly decomposed at 350 °C. SF6 is more easily to be decomposed and decomposed more rapidly at higher temperature. The concentrations of SF6 byproducts are much higher at higher temperature. SF6 will be decomposed to format HF. The concentration of HF will decrease when its concentration increases up to a certain concentration. It may be because that HF was strongly corrosive and its corrosion to inner equipment made the concentration of HF decreasing.
Electric Field Analysis Based on FEM and Corona Test of 330 kV Dampers
Authors: Xie Tian Xi , Peng Zong Ren , Zhou Zhi Cheng , Ma Yong
Published: October 2014

At high altitudes, 330 kV dampers usually have corona discharges on their weights, which affects the lives of the surrounding residents. To suppress the corona, optimizing the structures of the dampers is a recommended measure to reduce the electric field intensities on their weights. In this paper, three-dimensional computational models of 330 kV FDN dampers were constructed to calculate the electric field distributions on their weights, based on finite element method (FEM). The structure of the small end was optimized to reduce the electric field strength on its surface. When the radius was increased from 25 to 35 mm, the maximum electric field intensity could be decreased from 2987 V/mm to 2390V/mm. According to the results, new dampers were manufactured to test their corona characteristics. The test results show that the new dampers can prevent corona discharge at altitudes below 3500 m.
Study on the Identification of Lightning Over-Voltage Based on ATP-EMTP
Authors: Li Xiao Gang , Li Li Xue , Zheng Yi Hui , Wang Xin , Yu Jian You , Yang Jing Bo
Published: October 2014

Lightning overvoltage often leads to transmission lines trip, which is the weak link of power system. In this paper, 110-kV transmission line model is studied on the basis of the EMTP software. Several simulation models are established for back flashover lightning, induced lightning, shield failure. The transient process of lightning stroke is studied. According to the contrast of simulation results of three kinds of lightning, a set of discriminant basis to distinguish lightning on transmission line is put forward.
The Dynamic Influence of HV Controllable Reactor on Net Loss
Authors: Zhu Dan Dan , Liu Wen Ying , Wang Wei Zhou , Liu Fu Chao , Liu Cong
Published: October 2014

Based on the analysis of the influence of the reactive power flow in transmission lines and system on the net losses, the definition of the unbalanced reactive power of lines is given. Then the important impact of the unbalanced reactive power on the net loss is illustrated. Thanks to the flexible zeroing function, the apply of controllable reactor can lay a solid foundation for minimize the net loss. The actual grid example shows that the high-voltage controllable reactor system has an important impact on net loss. Compared with ordinary reactors, controllable reactors can effectively reduce the system losses.
The New Development Trend of Distribution Transformer
Authors: Lu Yun Cai , Wei Li , Chao Wei , Peng Wu
Published: October 2014

Firstly, this paper introduces the development of new materials, new technology and new manufacture in power industry of China, energy-saving, low noise and smart distribution transformers are widely used in countryside power grid reconstruction. In this paper, application status and development trend of different types of distribution transformers were introduced and compared in terms of new material and new structure, such as oil-immersed distribution transformer, amorphous core transformer(AMT), dry-type transformer, SF6 insulated distribution transformer, composite transformer and other types of distribution transformers. The development of distribution transformer is mainly based on energy saving, miniaturization, wound core and amorphous alloy nowadays, but the class-H dry-type transformer and tridimensional toroidal-core amorphous alloy transformer are the future direction of development. The technology application of smart distribution grid, power electronics technology and dynamic reactive power compensation technique will also affect the safety and economic operation of distribution transformer.
Effect of Traffic Flow on Characteristics of Piezoelectric Harvesting Unit
Authors: Sun Chun Hua , Shang Guang Qing
Published: October 2014

To protect dwindling coal and oil resources and open up a new way of renewable green energy, the technology of piezoelectric harvesting from pavement is proposed. Effect of traffic flow, including contact pressure and speed of a vehicle, on characteristics of a piezoelectric harvesting unit is discussed with the finite element method. Results show that the harvested electric power is approximately linear with the contact pressure and a vehicle’s speed. The contact pressure takes more effect on the harvested electric power and stress on pavement than the vehicle’s speed. A PHU of 280*280*20mm can harvest about 10mJ electric power when the contact pressure is 0.85MPa. That shows that application of the piezoelectric harvesting unit has very nice optimistic prospects.
A Numerical Least Squares Analysis of Electromagnetic Compatibility
Authors: Xue Hua , Li Hai Xia , Wang Yu Fei
Published: October 2014

Analysis strategies of nonlinear electromagnetic interference have always been a focus in the literature. This paper designs a identification of scattering pattern by using a improved least squares method (LLM) combined with method of moment for mutual coupling among inner elements and interactions with outside scatterers. The novel LLM is applied to optimize the radiation pattern of arbitrary arrays in the operational environment as well as represses the array gain and phase tracking error caused by electromagnetic compatibility based constraints. The algorithm has a simple control structure and enhances the robustness of the electrical system, and the experimental results based on dSPACE testify its reasonability and validity.
Control of CSR PWM Outer Current Loop Based on Fuzzy Algorithm
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Qing Zhang
Published: October 2014

This paper expounds the double closed-loop control configuration which is composed by the AC inner current control loop and the DC outer current loop of the CSR PWM rectifier ,and the functions of the inner current loop and the outer current control loop are pointed out. To improve the control performance ,a current controller whose DC outer current loop is designed by the fuzzy algorithm is used. The DC outer current loop error fuzzy variable E’s membership functions is researched ,and also the Rate of change of the current error fuzzy variable EC and the fuzzy variable Δi which is exported by fuzzy controller. Their influences to the control performance are considered. After the simulation experiments, it shows that the DC outer current loop fuzzy control is feasible and effective. The performance of the outer current control loop can be improved.
Design and Analysis of PCB Rogowski Coil Current Transformer
Authors: Su Biao , Li Li Xue , Zheng Yi Hui , Wang Xin , Liu Yan , Dang Chang Li
Published: October 2014

Electronic current transformers are more suitable for the development of power system compared with traditional electromagnetic current transformers. Rogowski coil current transformer is one of three electric current transformers. According to the measurement principle of Rogowski coils, the equivalent circuit of PCB Rogowski coils is analyzed. By using four PCB Rogowski coils combined, a PCB Rogowski coil current transformer is designed and tested. The results show that the designed PCB Rogowski coil transformer has good linearity and high sensitivity and measurement accuracy and it can meet the requirement of power system.
A Classification Management Method of Non-Emergency Reserve under ‘Source-Grid-Load’ Interactive Condition
Authors: Liu Jian Tao , Liu Yong Jun , Li Gang , Feng Shu Hai
Published: October 2014

The changes of energy pattern and the development of smart grid technologies bring new challenges to the active power balance under normal conditions, but also bring a more extensive means of regulation. This paper make a study on the classification management method of non-emergency reserve in a regional grid. On the basis of the analysis of the influence factors of non-emergency reserve under the ‘Source-Grid-Load’ interactive condition, the classification rule and dispatching method, the capacity computing methods , counting and monitoring methods have been studied. At last, the economic advantage of the classification management method of non-emergency reserve proposed in this paper is analyzed by an example.
A Comprehensive Evaluation Method of Primary Frequency Regulation Based on Wide Area Measurement System Data
Authors: Li Shan Shan , Hao Tao , Liang Zheng Yu
Published: October 2014

On the basis of comparative research on primary frequency regulation (PFR) evaluation index of each grid bureau, a comprehensive evaluation index system of PFR is established, including some specific solution scheme according to problems existing in PFR evaluation index of Central China power grid bureau. The index system ensures a more precise and accurate evaluation of actual PFR process. Meanwhile, accurate data source is provided for correct calculation of PFR index through signals processing of wide area measurement system (WAMS) data.
Study on the Ecological Environmental Problems of the Big Sport Events in China
Authors: Kou Xian Juan , Shen Ke Yin
Published: October 2014

This paper invest environmental science and practice of the Beijing Olympics through literature research, expert interviews, case studies and fields surveys and other methods, while referring to other environmental protection of major sports events, study environment questions in major sports events, and explore patterns of major sports events environmental protection. We suggest that hosting major sports events will bring ecological and environmental problems of air pollution, water pollution, and other pollution. We need to establish the concept of sustainable development of protecting environment and maintaining ecological balance in the process of organizing large-scale sporting event, and after the game .At the same time, to develop environmental events planning, implementation, monitoring mechanisms, rational planning of venue construction, improve the utilization of the venue after the game. We should make full use of environmentally friendly energy-saving technology, strengthen the host city for environmental pollution control.
The Environmental View of Thoreau’s Walden: The Interpretation of the Relationship between Human and Nature
Authors: Zhang Lin Lin
Published: October 2014

Thoreau was an American famous writer, Walden was his masterpiece, recorded Thoreau’s attitude towards nature, this paper analysis the background of Thoreau, and Walden, give guidance on our environmental protection.
Regeenera of Tartary Buckwheat Seedlings
Authors: Li Hong Mei , Li Yun Long , Hu Jun Jun , Bian Jun Sheng , Shan Fang
Published: October 2014

Regeneration of tartary buckwheat seedlings is a new cultural technology concerning One-year-two-harvest of tartary buckwheat. Buckwheat was planted 30-40 days ahead in a frost-free period of 120-130 days in main buckwheat-producing regions so that the soil can be made full use during dormant phase. Then, buckwheat can be harvested twice. Firstly, when the tartary buckwheat seedlings grow up, it could be harvested during bud period to the beginning of florescence as a green vegetable. And then the tartary buckwheat grains were harvested after autumn. The technology allows farmers increase production of buckwheat, extends the processing industry chain of agricultural product and promotes economic growth in rural origin. Through introducing and trial planting tartary buckwheat variaties of Heifeng1, Hunan7-2, Ding 98-1, 2518, Liner, Huating, Zhuanglang, Tongxin, Gewan. et.al were selected for seeding regeneration.
The Influence of High Voltage Electric Field for Barley Seed Germination and its Mechanism
Authors: Shi Ming Fei , Fan Juan Juan , Li Shi Jun , Yu Xiu Ling , Liang Xue Mei
Published: October 2014

This paper through the effect of seed germination under different voltage that it can concluded that the influence of electric field on seed growth.Experiment to select different gradient field acts on the barley seed, the results show that the appropriate voltage of the electric field and action time has obvious promoting effect to seed germination. By discussing the electric field effect on the cell membrane permeability, using a planar lipid double model, discussed that high voltage electric field makes the cell membrane barrier height change.Ion through the barrier of risk as a result of the existence of tunneling effect will be affected by the barrier height, namely transmembrane potential.Thus an effect on the permeability of cell membrane.
Wettability Determination of the CO2-Reservoir Brine-Reservoir Rock System at High Pressures and High Temperature for Different Salinities
Authors: Wang Hai Tao
Published: October 2014

An experimental method has been developed to determine the wettability, i.e., the contact angle, of a CO2-reservoir brine-reservoir rock system at high pressures and high temperature using the axisymmetric drop shape analysis (ADSA) technique for the sessile drop case. The laboratory experiments were conducted for dynamic contact angle of CO2-reservoir brine-reservoir rock covering three interesting salinities (0 mg/L, 14224.2 mg/L and 21460.6 mg/L) at P=6–35 MPa and T=97.5 °C. For pure water system, θad (static advancing contact angel) increases from 71.69° to 107.1° as pressure of CO2 increases from 6 MPa to 35 MPa. θad decreases from 71.48° to 42.01° for the 1# brine system and from 51.21° to 23.61° for the 2# brine system as pressure of CO2 increases from 6 MPa to 35 MPa. θad for 2# brine system (21460.6 mg/L) is lower than that for 1# brine system (14224.2 mg/L) under the each same pressure.
Research on Three-Dimensional Visualization System for Landslide and Mud-Rock Flows Based on Direct3D and SPH Methods
Authors: Gao Jian , Zhou Qi , Meng Ting Ting
Published: October 2014

This paper converts DEM data to 3D terrain by using Direct3D technology, then, creates landslide on the 3D terrain ,and simulates landslides and mud-rock flows during the whole process in time by using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics methods. The landslide is abstracted to particle swarm of Direct3D in this simulation, each particle movements in the gravity, pressure and viscous force between particles and other physical forces so that implements three-dimensional and dynamic simulation of landslides and mud-rock flows. The extent of landslides and mud-rock effects is reached by estimating the real time location of particles, thus we can make early warning of the extent of landslides and mud-rock effects and provide technical support for disaster prevention and mitigation work..
The Infrastructure Security Evaluation of China’s Big Cities
Authors: Xiang Ying Hui , Li Cai Yun , Li Peng Cheng , Zhang Ting Ting
Published: October 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze the existing problems and put forward the corresponding settlement measures with the basic data of road transport facilities, water supply and drainage facilities, energy and power facilities, environmental facilities and communications facilities of 31 provincial capital cities and municipalities directly under the central government of China. AHP was used to get the comprehensive value and orders of overall level of infrastructures’ safety in major big cities. Results of the 31 city infrastructure overall safety level of sorting were summarized, and the existing problems and the reasons were got. Conclusion was drawn that the overall safety level of infrastructure in China needed to be improved and the infrastructure security level of east central area was higher than the western region with a poor gap. The economic development level, the degree of government’s attention, population density together with natural conditions were all important factors which influence the urban infrastructure security level.
Effects of Smoking on Serum SOD and GSH-PX Activities and MDA Contents in Rats with Gastric Ulcer
Authors: Jing Shu , Jiang Wei Hai , Sun Wei
Published: October 2014

In this study, SD rats were used to establish an acetic acid-induced rat gastric ulcer model, and SOD and GSH-PX activities and MDA contents in rats with the gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid were measured. The results showed that smoking could delay the healing of gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid and aggravate the ulceration; compared with those in the model group, serum SOD, GSH-PX activities were significantly reduced, and MDA levels were significantly elevated, in rats with the gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid, suggesting that smoking may reduce the body's antioxidant capacity. The results indicate that smoking may induce or aggravate gastric ulcer by reducing the activity of serum SOD and GSH-PX, and elevating the content of serum MDA in rats with acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer, to affect the metabolism of oxygen free radicals to cause the oxidative damage.
The Residential Area Planning for the Sustainable Development
Authors: Bai Li Min , Hou Jian Min
Published: October 2014

This paper first introduces the residential area planning case for the sustainable development of Shanghai Vanke langrun garden and Ningbo green residential housing. Then combines the growing trend of residential area planning, this paper proposes some principles for the residential area planning of the sustainable development: ecological development, hybrid development, compact development, economic development, the fully mix of people and environment and the social development.
Color a City - The Study of Yichang’s Urban Color
Authors: Liu Sen , Li Gui Yuan
Published: October 2014

As an emerging tourist city, Yichang is where the Gezhouba hydropower station and the Three Gorges hydropower station locate. It is honored as "Pearl of the Three Gorges", "Power Heart of China", and "City of Water and Electricity". Though Yichang’s city construction enjoys rapid development, the development of its urban color does not keep up with the speed. This paper analyzes the influencing factors of Yichang’s urban color, like natural geography, humanity, history and regional feature. Moreover, scheme and advices are put forward to provide theoretical and technical support for Yichang’s urban color planning.
Extraction of Plant Activator Protein from Botrytis Strain and Activity Detection
Authors: Cheng Yan Wei , Zhang Yan Zhao , Ya Hui Yuan , He Chao Jun , Yi Li , Tang Lin , Du Xi Ning , Wu Bing Yue , Ding Da Xia
Published: October 2014

In this paper, an activator protein was isolated and identified from crude protein of Botrytis Spp which was separated from the soil of the wheat field with the method of mycelium recycling, breaking and centrifuging,etc. The activator protein appeared a single band on SDS-PAGE whose molecular weight was about 42kD. At the same time, it had a preliminary activity test and investigated on this activator protein. This study indicated that this activator protein is able to promote wheat germination after the deal with it, especially when the density is 3μg/mL, the seed germination is the best. So it is proved that the plant activator protein has really the biological function of improving the wheat germination.
Study on Overseas Investment of Uranium Resources in China
Authors: Ma Jie , Wang Ling Ling
Published: October 2014

At present, China's economic status in the world becomes more prominent. In order to better promote economic development in our country, we need to look to the international market and ready to compete with the developed countries for the global resource as soon as possible. As a strategic resource, the uranium resources have been increasing attention in the national context of developing nuclear power actively. In order to obtain a stable supply of uranium resources from other countries, we should step up the implementation of foreign investment strategy. This paper firstly analyzes some reasons of implementing the strategy of uranium resources investment, and then points out the difficulties in implementation of overseas investment of uranium resources, at last offers some advice on policy support for overseas investment of our mining industry.
The Research of Origin of Deep Natural Gas of Qianbei Sub-Sag in the South of Songliao Basin
Authors: Yi Wu , Tian Wei Chao
Published: October 2014

This paper analyses the origins of deep natural gas in Qianbei Subsag using a variety of analytical data such as the natural gas components, the isotope and the light hydrocarbon analysis combining with the development characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks. The study results show as the following: The abundance of organic matter from hydrocarbon source rocks in Qianbei Subsag is high and dominated by humus type. Part of good hydrocarbon source rocks of Type II1 and Type II2 are developed in Yingcheng Formation and these are the major gas source rocks that is in the stage of postmaturity in evolution degree. The natural gas component is dominated by methane and non-hydrocarbon gas content is low. The isotope values of ethane are lighter and methane and ethane have an obvious phenomenon of carbon isotopic reversal. Parent material types of methane and ethane are from different sources. The sources of methane are biased to humic parent material while the sources of ethane are biased to sapropelic parent material.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Lanthanum in Raffinate with Tribromoarsenazo
Authors: Chen Xing Xin , Liu Kui , Kuang Li Fang , Long Hua
Published: October 2014

Determination of lanthanum in the raffinate by spectrophotometry was studied, using tribromoarsenazo as chromogenic reagent. The addition of ascorbic acid can mask the interference of other metal cations in the solution. Under the conditions of ascorbic acid (10g·L-1) 5 mL, hydrochloric acid 0.04 mol·L-1 and tribromoarsenazo (0.5g·L-1) 2 mL, Beer’s law is obeyed in the range of 0-10 μg·(25mL)-1 for lanthanum, with correlation coefficient higher than 0.99. Beer’s law can be applicable for the wavelength range of 580-660 nm. There is no linear relation at too high or too low acidic environment.
Pressure Recovery and Cascade Utilization of Energy in the Process of Natural Gas Transportation
Authors: Wang Lian Yong , Liu Chao
Published: October 2014

Natural gas is generally transported with high pressure, and most of the gas pressure is above 10MPa, which will be 0.4MPa after the vacuum treatment at pressure regulating station. So there is huge pressure energy that can be recovered. The research uses turbo expander instead of throttle valve in the natural gas transport process, which will avoid the threat and damage to the equipment and lower network by the low temperature natural gas. The huge demand for natural gas pipeline in China makes the research of “pressure recovery and cascade utilization of energy in the process of natural gas transportation” to be true. The research can not only avoid the huge waste of pressure in the network, but it can also improve the comprehensive utilization rate of energy, which is of vital importance to our conservation-oriented society today.
Study on Gravel Pack Completion Sand Control Technology in Horizontal Well
Authors: Long Hua
Published: October 2014

Screen completion is usually adopted in horizontal wells of heavy oil sandstone reservoir, however, frequent pump inspection even long term shut-off caused by thin sand production of some wells bring serious impact on production. For this reason, the gravel pack completion sand control technology in horizontal well is created on the problem of thin sand prevention and control in horizontal well through study on influence factors and treatment of gravel pack in horizontal well, stimulating test of sand packing process and study on gravel pack string in horizontal well. The technical problem of thin sand prevention and control in horizontal well has been solved with the successful application of the technology in field tests.
Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide Strengthens Antioxidant Defense Systems against Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress in Liver of Mice
Authors: Luo Lin , Yan Feng , Wang Bei Bei
Published: October 2014

Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum), a medicinal fungus called ‘‘Lingzhi’’ in China is one of the most famous fungi in traditional Chinese medicine. For hundreds of years, this mushroom has been known as a traditional remedy for treatment of several diseases, such as hepatitis, hypertension, chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, cancer and others. Polysaccharide is an important pharmacological ingredient extracted from fruit bodies and mycelium of G. lucidum. It has been extensively documented that G. lucidum polysaccharides (Gl-PS) had wide bioactivities, such as anti-aging, anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory and immunotherapeutic activities [1]. In our previous studies, Gl-PS has been proven to have significant anti-hypoxia and anti-fatigue effects in mice [2], which suggesting that it might be beneficial to exercise-induced oxidative stress. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Gl-PS against exercise-induced oxidative stress in liver of mice.
Synthesis and Adsorption Properties of Salicylic Acid Modified Hypercrosslinked Polymer Toward 4-Chloro-Phenol and Heavy Metals
Authors: Meng Guan Hua , Liu Bao He , Wu Yu Ling , Zhang Jun
Published: October 2014

To explore the possibility of simultaneously adsorptive treating polluted water containing both organics and heavy metals, multifunctional polymeric resin NDA-1500 was prepared through chemically modification of chloromated polystyrene with salicylic acid. The FT-IR, BET surface area measurements and sodium capacity measurement were applied to characterize the properties of NDA-1500. The adsorption properties toward 4-chloro-phenol and heavy metals such as Pb2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ ions were studied respectively. The adsorption data of the NDA-1500 toward 4-chloro-phenol fit well with Langmuir model. The adsorption capacity of NDA-1500 toward 4-chloro-phenol was higher than that of unmodified NDA-150 and adsorption capacity decreased with increase of temperature suggesting the exothermic process. The removal efficiencies of metal ions by NDA-1500 were also 2-3 times higher than that of NDA-150 and the metals were recovered completely with 0.2 mol/L hydrochloric acid.
Extraction and Analgesic Effects of Polysaccharides from Achyranthes bidentata Blume
Authors: Jiang Xiao Kun
Published: October 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the optimal extraction conditions of polysaccharides from Achyranthes bidentata Blume (ABs) and evaluate its analgesic effects. Extraction conditions of ABs were optimized by the orthogonal experiment design, and analgesic effects of ABs were assessed by the acetic acid writhing reflex test. The results show that the optimal conditions ABs: extraction temperature is 90°C, extraction time is 3.5 h. and ratio of water to raw is 40:1 ml/g. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of ABs was 5.48%. Furthermore, ABs decreased number of writhing reflex and increased writhing reflex incubation period in mice, which indicated that ABs had analgesic effects. Acute toxicity test have already proved that the ABs did not show any toxic reactions.
Study on Effect on Loquat Storage in Low Temperature of Macroporous Resin Extracts from Liquidambar formosana Hance Leaves
Authors: Ji Yu Wei , Liu Yu Min , Liu Ya Min , Yan Cong
Published: October 2014

To investigate effect of secondary metabolites from Liquidambar formosana Hance on loquat fruits storage,macroporous resin extracts from Liquidambar formosana Hance leaves were used. Loquat fruits were dipped in macroporous resin extracts of different mass concentration(10, 30, 50 mg/mL) for 10 minutes, then stored in 6°C for 30 days. Membrane permeability, peroxide(POD) activity, phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL) activity, lignin, decay index, hardness, total soluble solid(TSS) and titratable acid(TA) were determined per 5 days to show quality and physiological character of loquat fruits during storage. The results show that macroporous resin extracts from Liquidambar formosana Hance leaves can significantly reduce decay index, slow down the increase of hardness and membrane permeability, the decrease of TSS and TA content and the accumulation of lignin content, and inhibit the increase of POD and PAL activity.
Study on Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from Radix astragali
Authors: Huang Cong Liang
Published: October 2014

In this study, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was employed for the extraction of polysaccharides from Radix Astragali (PRA). The extraction parameters that influenced the extraction yield of PRA were optimized by orthogonal test design. The results showed that the optimal MAE conditions were as followings: liquid-solid ratio of 18 ml/g, irradiation time of 8 min, irradiation power of 300 W and extraction temperature of 65°C, while extraction yield of PRA was 8.39 %. The developed MAE method provided a good alternative for the extraction of PRA.
Antioxidant Capacities of Water-Soluble Substances Extracted from JinHua Ham
Authors: Zhou Xiao Li , Chen Xu , Hao Ting Feng , Zhou Yi Ming , Xiao Ying
Published: October 2014

This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of samples extracted from Jinhua ham by using such chemical assays as DPPH, scavenging hydroxyl free radical and ABTS. The results demonstrate that antioxidant capacity of the extracted sample is lower than oxidation capacity of Vc. The IC50 spot of samples ranges between 0.6 % and 2.5 % (mass fraction of solute).
Anti-Fatigue Effect of Ginseng and Acanthopanax Senticosus Extracts
Authors: An Li Ping , Li Tan Cheng , Liu Yan Ju , Shao Xiao Tong , Zhang Meng Chuan , Chen Li Na , Han Xiao , Xu Guang Yu , Li Hong Yu , Wang Man Li , Sun Jing Bo , Wang Shu Yue , Ma Yu Ling , Du Pei Ge , Yuan Guan Xin
Published: October 2014

The aim of study was to optimize the extraction process of ginsenosides and investigate the anti-fatigue effect of ginseng and acanthopanax extracts. Orthogonal test was used to optimize the extraction process, loading swimming experiment was used to observe the ant-fatigue effect, and BUN, LDH, CK, glycogen, T-SOD, MDA, GSH-Px and LD were taken as the anti-fatigue indeses to be observed. The yield of ginsenoside was 3.8%. The swimming time of mice in the treatment group was significantly prolonged compared with that in the control group (P< 0.05). The hepatic glycogen storage, LDH, GSH-PX and SOD in the treatment groups were obviously increased (P<0.05). Serum MDA and LD levels in the treatment groups were decreased, but no statistical significance compared with those in the control group. The serum BUN was significantly decreased in the middle-dose group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the serum CK between the treatment groups and the control group.LDH levels in the middle-dose and high-dose groups were significantly different from those in the control group. The ginseng and acanthopanax extracts can exert its anti-fatigue effect through increasing the amount of liver glycogen reserve and reducing the damage of negative metabolic products caused by an excessive exercise to the body.
Cost Analysis of Laccase Production with Rice Straws as the Sole Carbon and Energy Source
Authors: Song Bao Sheng
Published: October 2014

In order to reduce the production cost, NaOH pretreated rice straw was used as the sole carbon and energy source to produce laccase. The production cost of laccase under submerged fermentation considering the cost of medium culture, equipment and operation. The results showed that the operation cost represented the highest contribution to the total cost, while, the cost of the culture medium was significantly low, representing only 6.68% of the total costs. Showing that as rice straw is cheap and easily available and will cause environmental pollution when mishandled, so it is financially and environmentally very attractive to use it for the production of enzymes for biotechnological use.