bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vaccination with a replication-defective cytomegalovirus vaccine elicits a glycoprotein B-specific monoclonal antibody repertoire distinct from natural infection
Authors: Valencia Sarah M. , Rochat Eric , Harnois Melissa J. , Dennis Maria , Webster Helen S. , Hora Bhavna , Kumar Amit , Wang Hsuan-Yuan , Li Leike , Freed Daniel , Zhang Ningyan , An Zhiqiang , Wang Dai , Permar Sallie R.
Published: October 2023

Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading infectious congenital infection globally and the most common viral infection in transplant recipients, therefore identifying a vaccine for HCMV is a top priority. Humoral immunity is a correlate of protection for HCMV infection. The most effective vaccine tested to date, which achieved 50% reduction in acquisition of HCMV, was comprised of the glycoprotein B protein given with an oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant MF59. We characterize gB-specific monoclonal antibodies isolated from individuals vaccinated with a disabled infectious single cycle (DISC) CMV vaccine, V160, and compare these to the gB-specific monoclonal antibody repertoire isolated from naturally-infected individuals. We find that vaccination with V160 resulted in gB-specific antibodies that bound homogenously to gB expressed on the surface of a cell in contrast to antibodies isolated from natural infection which variably bound to cell-associated gB. Vaccination resulted in a similar breadth of gB-specific antibodies, with binding profile to gB genotypes 1–5 comparable to that of natural infection. Few gB-specific neutralizing antibodies were isolated from V160 vaccinees and fewer antibodies had identifiable gB antigenic domain specificity compared to that of naturally-infected individuals. We also show that glycosylation of gB residue N73 may shield binding of gB-specific antibodies.
The molecular population structure of Swertia perennis (Gentianaceae) in Central Europe
Authors: Urbaniak Jacek , Kwiatkowski Paweł
Published: October 2023

Phylogeographic analysis of Swertia perennis, a typical European subalpine springtime species, revealed the existence of at least five major phylogenetic lineages. A large phylogeographic separation exists among these geographical regions, which confirms the existence of glacial refugia in the Pyrenees, but also in the Eastern and Central Alps. The results obtained from the analyzes indicate the existence of three major differences between the populations of the Alps and the Pyrenees, but also between the populations of the Alps and those of other geographical regions (Carpathians, southern Czech Republic, Sudetes and northern Poland). The studied populations from the Black Forest and from north-eastern and southern Poland are a relic of the former wider distribution of these (periglacial) genetic groups within Swertia perennis. Our results also confirm the existence of biogeographical links between the Carpathians and the Hercynian Range and the Alps. Certainly, there was an exchange of genes between populations located in the eastern Alps, the Carpathians and the Hercynian ranges (Czech Republic, Jeseníky, Sudetes, Ore Mountains). This confirms previous results of comparative studies on the genetic diversity of populations of other vascular plant species.
His1-tagged DM or DDM detergent micelles are reversibly conjugated by nickel ions
Authors: Lal Mitra , Wachtel Ellen , Pati Soumyaranjan , Namboothiri Irishi. N. N. , Patchornik Guy
Published: October 2023

Specific conjugation of decyl β-D-maltoside (DM) or dodecyl β-D-maltoside (DDM) detergent micelles is accomplished between pH 7.0–8.5 in the presence of an amphiphilic analog of the amino acid histidine, bound to a 10-carbon hydrocarbon chain (His1-C10) and Ni2+ ions. Following addition of 10–15 wt% PEG-6000 as precipitant, phase separation in the form of oil-rich globules (30–600 µm) is observed by light microscopy. Other divalent cations: Zn2+, Fe2+, Cu2+ lead to dark precipitates rather than colorless globules; while Mg2+, Ca2+ do not promote any phase separation at all. Even in the absence of precipitant, dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements demonstrate that DM micelles (hydrodynamic size ~ 6 nm) or DDM micelles (8 nm) self-associate into larger particles (9 nm and 411 nm for DM; 10 nm and 982 nm for DDM) in the presence of His1-C10 and nickel ions. Micellar conjugation is partially reversible in the presence of water soluble 50 mM EDTA, histidine or imidazole chelators. Cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) imaging revealed the formation of non-uniformly dense detergent aggregates for both DM and DDM micelles in the presence of precipitant. The possible utility of such His1-tagged DM or DDM micelles for promoting crystallization of integral membrane proteins is discussed.
Transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) in rectal cancer treatment within an expert center
Authors: Piątkowski Jacek , Jagielski Mateusz , Szeliga Jacek , Nowak Mariusz , Jackowski Marek
Published: October 2023

The objective of this study was to evaluate treatment outcomes in patients who underwent the TaTME procedure for cancer of the middle and low rectum in an expert center. Prospective analysis of the outcomes of all consecutive patients treated using the TaTME technique for cancer of the middle and distal rectum at the our medical center between March 1, 2015, and March 31, 2022. A total of 128 patients (34 women, 94 men; mean age 66.01 [38–85] years) with cancer of the middle and distal rectum qualified for TaTME. TaTME procedures were performed in 127/128 (99.22%) patients. Complications of surgery were observed in 22/127 (17.32%) patients. Negative proximal and distal margins were confirmed in all 127 patients. Complete (R0) resection of the mesorectum was confirmed in 125/127 (98.43%) and nearly complete (R1) resection was confirmed in 2/127 (1.57%) patients. The average follow-up period was 795 days (296–1522) days. Local recurrence was detected during the follow-up period in 2/127 (1.57%) patients. This study showed that the TaTME procedure is an effective and safe method for the minimally invasive treatment of middle and low rectal cancers, particularly within an expert center setting.
Indian Ocean Dipole affects eastern tropical Atlantic salinity through Congo River Basin hydrology
Authors: Jarugula Sreelekha , McPhaden Michael J.
Published: October 2023

The Indian Ocean Dipole is associated with a pronounced sea surface temperature gradient between eastern and western Indian Ocean. Here, we describe a striking contrast in Congo basin rainfall, river discharge and Eastern Tropical Atlantic surface salinity linked to the recent strong 2019 positive Dipole event and strong 2016 negative Dipole event. The sea surface temperature gradient across the Indian Ocean during the 2019 positive event drove tropospheric circulation changes that led to an increase in moisture convergence and convection over the Congo basin and an increase in Congo River discharge that was later reflected in a decrease in eastern tropical Atlantic surface salinity in early 2020. Opposite tendencies were observed in association with the 2016 negative event. This sequence of linkages is shown to apply more generally to Dipole events over the past several decades and thus represents a source of predictability for forecasting Congo basin hydrology and eastern tropical Atlantic oceanic conditions.
Green synthesis of carbon-supported ultrafine ZnS nanoparticles for superior lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Han Ying-Yi , Zhang Xuefei , Chen Bi-Cui , Huang Pei-Wen , Chai Yun , Wu Xiao-Hui , Xie Zailai
Published: October 2023

Guanosine-derived carbon-supported ultrafine ZnS nanoparticles for superior lithium-ion batteries.
Synthesis and bonding analysis of pentagonal bipyramidal rhenium carboxamide oxo complexes
Authors: McMillion Noah D. , Bruch Quinton J. , Chen Chun-Hsing , Hasanayn Faraj , Miller Alexander J. M.
Published: October 2023

Proton-switchable access to seven-coordinate ONNO dicarboxamide and NNNN dicarboxamidate rhenium oxo complexes provides a platform for understanding thermodynamics and bonding in pentagonal bipyramidal complexes.
Bacterial communities in a neotropical full-scale drinking water system including intermittent piped water supply, from sources to taps
Authors: Chavarria Karina A. , Gonzalez Carlos I. , Goodridge Amador , Saltonstall Kristin , Nelson Kara L.
Published: October 2023

Important changes in water bacterial communities were found across different stages of a drinking water system with intermittent water supply (IWS).
Performance improvement of pyrolytic coke by surface modification for the adsorption of copper(ii) ions from wastewater
Authors: Barzegar Behrad , Peighambardoust Seyed Jamaleddin , Aghdasinia Hassan , Foroutan Rauf
Published: October 2023

Proposed activation procedure of pyrolytic coke and adsorption process of activated pyrolytic coke for Cu2+ ions.
Rapid microwave synthesis of sustainable magnetic framework composites of UTSA-16(Zn) with Fe3O4 nanoparticles for efficient CO2 capture
Authors: Woodliffe John Luke , Johnston Amy-Louise , Fay Michael , Ferrari Rebecca , Gomes Rachel L. , Lester Ed , Ahmed Ifty , Laybourn Andrea
Published: October 2023

A hydrothermal synthesis process has been developed to produce highly magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles, which have been incorporated into metal-organic framework UTSA-16(Zn), facilitating efficient induction heating for thermal regeneration in CO2 capture applications.
Ultra-bright and thermally stable deep red emitting doped yttrium zirconate nanoparticles for tunable white LEDs and indoor plant growth
Authors: Parayil Reshmi Thekke , Gupta Santosh Kumar , Abraham Malini , Das Subrata , Pitale Shreyas S. , Sudarshan Kathi , Mohapatra Manoj
Published: October 2023

Deep red emitting Y2Zr2O7:Eu3+ (YZOE) pyrochlore nanocrystals with very high color purity, excellent thermal stability and a high photoluminescence quantum yield (∼88%) is synthesized for color tunable white LEDs and indoor plant growth.
New nitazoxanide derivatives: design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies as antibacterial and antimycobacterial agents
Authors: Saleh Mahmoud , Mostafa Yaser A. , Kumari Jyothi , Thabet Momen M. , Sriram Dharmarajan , Kandeel Mahmoud , Abdu-Allah Hajjaj H. M.
Published: October 2023

Multifunctional nitazoxanide derivatives were designed, synthesized and screened as multitarget antibacterial and mycobacterial agents.
Stable and luminescent cesium copper halide nanocrystals embedded in flexible polymer fibers for fabrication of down-converting WLEDs
Authors: Kar Manav Raj , Sahoo Kajol , Mohapatra Ashutosh , Bhaumik Saikat
Published: October 2023

Color tunable Cs3Cu2X5 nanocrystals embedded inside the PMMA fibers were grown via an electrospinning process. Color-converting WLED devices were fabricated by placing these luminescent fiber films on UV LED chips.
Pyrene-based covalent organic polymers with nano carbonaceous composites for efficient supercapacitive energy storage
Authors: Ejaz Mohsin , Mohamed Mohamed Gamal , Huang Wei-Chun , Kuo Shiao-Wei
Published: October 2023

We prepared Py-DSDA-COP/SWCNTs and this material showed a capacitance of 171 F g−1 and energy density of 23.7 W h kg−1 which is superior to those of Py-DSDA-COP/MWCNTs and Py-DSDA-COP/C60 nanocomposites.
Clinical and Psychosocial Predictors of Post-Event Processing in Adults Who Stutter
Authors: Croft Robyn L. , Byrd Courtney T.
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

Post-event processing, defined by self-critical rumination following a stressful communication event, is significantly associated with reduced quality of life. However, despite its relevance to the stuttering experience, to date, only a few studies have investigated post-event processing among adults who stutter, and no study has identified clinical and psychosocial predictors of post-event processing. The purpose of this study was to determine the contributions of clinical markers of stuttering and psychosocial variables to post-event processing.

Method:

Adults who stutter (N= 96) participated in two virtual sessions. After completing the Trier Social Stress Test, a standardized social stress task in Session 1, participants completed measures of post-event processing, clinical markers of stuttering (i.e., the experience of stuttering, self- and observer-rated stuttering severity), and psychosocial characteristics (i.e., self-perceived performance, self-esteem, social anxiety, trait, and state self-compassion) in Session 2.

Results:

Hierarchical linear regression models indicated that a more negative experience of stuttering, higher self-rated stuttering severity, and greater social anxiety predicted more post-event processing. Greater self-perceived performance and state self-compassion predicted less rumination. Observer-rated severity, self-esteem, and trait self-compassion were not significantly associated with post-event processing behavior.

Conclusion:

Findings reveal clinical and psychosocial variables to consider in the assessment and mitigation of post-event processing behavior in adults who stutter, and to bolster resiliency to social stress.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24223213
Evaluation and optimization of hospital system in Chinese provinces: does mortality matter?
Authors: Shen Zhiyang , Kerstens Kristiaan , Valdmanis Vivian , Wang Songkai
Published: October 2023

During the production process of goods and services, sometimes undesirable outputs are difficult to avoid. However, this aspect is often ignored. Hospitals produce patient care, but undesirable outputs do arise. The novelty of this paper is to introduce the mortality as an undesirable output into the derivation of the public hospital efficiency measure. Similar to the production of economic goods and pollution where the latter increase along with the former, our description of mortality in hospital is considered as weakly disposable. Based on an extension model of Kuosmanen [Am. J. Agric. Econ. 87 (2005) 1077–1082], we evaluate the public hospital efficiency with and without incorporating mortality under four scenarios. We apply this model to measure public hospital efficiency in Chinese provinces. The results indicate that no matter whether one considers undesirable outputs within the objective functions, it has a significant impact on benchmarking once the mortality is included to define the production technology.
Orthomolekulare Medizin bei entzündlichen Hauterkrankungen
Authors: Göttert Antje
Published: October 2023

Entzündliche Hauterkrankungen manifestieren sich insbesondere in den Industriestaaten häufig. Verantwortlich werden hierfür u. a. unser Lebensstil und die Ernährungsgewohnheiten gemacht. Nicht selten ist bei einer Laboranalyse der Mikronährstoffe ein Mangel von Vitaminen, Mineralstoffen oder Spurenelementen festzustellen, bedingt z. B. durch die Ernährung, eine eingeschränkte Nährstoffaufnahme über den Darm oder einen erhöhten Verbrauch. Letzteres ist bei Sportlern, Rauchern, kranken Menschen und Menschen im übermäßigem Dauerstress möglich und kann auch auf die Stoffwechselstörung Hämopyrrollaktamurie zurückzuführen sein. Die orthomolekulare Medizin ist ein wichtiger Baustein in der Therapie der chronisch entzündlichen Hauterkrankungen. Sie befasst sich mit dem Einsatz von Vitalstoffen, um den Körper mit optimalen Mengen zu versorgen, Krankheiten vorzubeugen und zu behandeln. Auch bei entzündlichen Hauterkrankungen wie der Neurodermitis und der Psoriasis wird sie eingesetzt. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Anwendung in einer hautfachärztlichen Praxis mit einem holistischen Ansatz und informiert über die Studienlage zum Thema.
Computed Tomography Overuse in Pediatric Minor Head Trauma: Insights
from a Single-Center Experience
Authors: Bako Derya , Özer Utku , Beydoğan Engin
Published: October 2023

Background Minor head trauma is a common reason for emergency department
visits in children, but many of these cases are not clinically significant.
Despite established criteria for selecting patients who require computed
tomography (CT), concerns about overuse of CT persist. This study aimed to
determine the frequency of clinically important traumatic brain injury by
retrospectively evaluating cranial CT scans in children categorized as very low
risk for such injuries based on PECARN prediction rules.

Materials and Methods Cranial CT scans of 941 minor head trauma cases were
assessed for the presence, type, and number of calvarial bone fractures.
Concomitant bleeding and treatment approaches were also recorded.

Results Among 881 patients (93.6%), cranial CT scans did not
reveal any lesions apart from soft tissue edema. None of the cases had
clinically important traumatic brain injury or required neurosurgical
intervention.

Discussion and conclusion The study demonstrated that 93.6% of
cranial CT scans for pediatric minor head trauma were negative, indicating a
concerningly high rate of CT overuse. Although prediction rules exist, their
application in clinical practice is not always optimal. Given the principle of
“first, do no harm,” proper patient selection is crucial to
avoid unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation.
Venous Thromboembolism and Estrogen-Containing Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy
Authors: Dix Caroline , Moloney Mollie , Tran Huyen A. , McFadyen James D.
Published: October 2023

Gender-affirming therapy involves the use of hormones to develop the physical characteristics of the identified gender and suppressing endogenous sex hormone production. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a known risk of exogenous estrogen therapy, and while evidence of VTE risk among transgender women using modern gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) is still emerging, it is thought to affect up to 5% of transgender women. Historically, GAHT was associated with a high risk of VTE; however, modern preparations are less thrombogenic mainly due to significantly lower doses used as well as different preparations. This review presents the available literature regarding the following four topics: (1) risk of VTE among transgender women receiving estradiol GAHT, (2) how the route of administration of estradiol affects the VTE risk, (3) perioperative management of GAHT, (4) VTE risk among adolescents on GAHT. There is a need for large, longitudinal studies of transgender women using GAHT to further characterize VTE risk and how this is affected by factors such as patient age, duration of GAHT use, tobacco use, body mass index, and comorbidities. Future studies in these areas could inform the development of clinical guidelines to improve the care of transgender people.
Multiple Medullary Schwannoma Associated with Lumbar Disc Herniation and Cauda Equina Syndrome: Case Report
Authors: Rodrigues Neto Anibal , Bicalho Bianca , Varandas Giovanna Maria , Antonucci Adriano Torres , Castro Gabriel Gomes Freitas de , Arruda Shiro Manoel Shimoakoishi de , Schiavini Marcel , Santos Lutero Cleuler Moraes dos , Lehmann Márcio Francisco , Pesente Francisco Spessatto
Published: October 2023

Introduction Schwannoma is a Schwann cells neoplasm that can occur in various parts of the nervous system, including the medullar region of the cauda equina. Bone involvement is uncommon.

Objective To report a multiple schwannoma case that was initially diagnosed as cauda equina syndrome.

Clinical Case We report the case of a 44-year-old male who presented with pain irradiating to the lower limbs, urinary retention, and saddle paresthesia. Imaging exams revealed tumors in the cervical spine and in the T12/L1, L2/L3, and L3/L4 levels, the last three causing nervous compression. Histopathological analyses confirmed a Schwannoma pattern.

Results The case was solved by surgical resection.

Conclusion The case was solved and, in the end, the patient was stable and with improved pain and waits for a cervical surgery.
Aggressive Osteoblastoma of Temporal Bone Causing Facial Palsy in a 9-year-old Child: A Case Report Based on 2020 WHO Classification of Bone Tumors
Authors: Cambruzzi Eduardo , Furian Roque Domingos , Botega Luiza Gomes , Devigli Nilo , Lopes Eron Rodrigues Cunha
Published: October 2023

Aggressive osteoblastoma (AO) is an uncommon bone tumor that represents a borderline lesion between osteoblastoma and osteosarcoma. The vertebral column, the sacrum, the pelvis, and jaw/craniofacial bones are primarily affected. Aggressive osteoblastoma does not metastasize and is treated by surgical resection. The authors report a case of AO in a 9-year-old female patient presenting with 5th and 7th cranial nerve palsy. Prior pathological history included resection of an expansile nodule in the left temporal bone. Conventional radiological examination and computed tomography (CT) of the skull revealed an osteoblastic lesion arising in the petrous portion of the left temporal bone, measuring 5.2 cm in the largest dimension. The patient was subjected to partial surgical resection of the process. Microscopy revealed a primary neoplastic bone composed of numerous epithelioid round osteoblasts disposed in solid sheets and with mild atypia, large eosinophilic cytoplasm, and an eccentric, ovoid nucleus. The process exhibited loose stroma, low mitotic index, osteoid formation, and a few osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells. The diagnosis of AO was thus established. After 5 months of clinical follow-up, the patient is asymptomatic, without evidence of tumoral growth on CT scans.
The Pulmonary Vasculature
Authors: Hopkins Susan R. , Stickland Michael K.
Published: October 2023

The pulmonary circulation is a low-pressure, low-resistance circuit whose primary function is to deliver deoxygenated blood to, and oxygenated blood from, the pulmonary capillary bed enabling gas exchange. The distribution of pulmonary blood flow is regulated by several factors including effects of vascular branching structure, large-scale forces related to gravity, and finer scale factors related to local control. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is one such important regulatory mechanism. In the face of local hypoxia, vascular smooth muscle constriction of precapillary arterioles increases local resistance by up to 250%. This has the effect of diverting blood toward better oxygenated regions of the lung and optimizing ventilation–perfusion matching. However, in the face of global hypoxia, the net effect is an increase in pulmonary arterial pressure and vascular resistance. Pulmonary vascular resistance describes the flow-resistive properties of the pulmonary circulation and arises from both precapillary and postcapillary resistances. The pulmonary circulation is also distensible in response to an increase in transmural pressure and this distention, in addition to recruitment, moderates pulmonary arterial pressure and vascular resistance. This article reviews the physiology of the pulmonary vasculature and briefly discusses how this physiology is altered by common circumstances.
Risk Factors for Dehiscence of Operative Incisions in Newborns after Laparotomy
Authors: Miholjcic Tina B. S. , Baud Olivier , Iranmanesh Pouya , Wildhaber Barbara E.
Published: October 2023

Background Surgical wound dehiscence (SWD) in neonates is a life-threatening complication. The aim was to define risk factors of postoperative incision dehiscence in this population.

Methods Data of 144 patients from 2010 to 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. All full-term newborns or preterm newborns up to 42 weeks of amenorrhea (adjusted) who had a laparotomy within 30 days were included. Descriptive patient information and perioperative data were collected. SWD was defined as any separation of cutaneous edges of postoperative wounds.

Results Overall, SWD occurred in 16/144 (11%) patients, with a significantly increased incidence in preterm newborns (13/59, 22%) compared with full-term newborns (3/85, 4%; p < 0.001). SWD was significantly associated with exposure to postnatal steroids (60% vs. 4%, p < 0.001) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (25% vs. 4%, p < 0.01), invasive ventilation duration before surgery (median at 10 vs. 0 days, p < 0.001), preoperative low hemoglobin concentration (115 vs. 147 g/L, p < 0.001) and platelet counts (127 vs. 295 G/L, p < 0.001), nonabsorbable suture material (43% vs. 8%, p < 0.001), the presence of ostomies (69% vs. 18%, p < 0.001), positive bacteriological wound cultures (50% vs. 6%, p < 0.001), and relaparotomy (25% vs. 3%, p < 0.01). Thirteen of 16 patients with SWD presented necrotizing enterocolitis/intestinal perforations (81%, p < 0.001).

Conclusion This study identified prematurity and a number of other factors linked to the child's general condition as risk factors for SWD. Some of these can help physicians recognize and respond to at-risk patients and provide better counseling for parents.
Management of Epirubicin Extravasation Injuries of the Hand with Debridement and Flap Cover—A Case Series
Authors: Yellinedi Rajesh , Damalachervu Mukunda Reddy , Nuvvula Rambabu , Thammineedi Subramanyeshwar Rao
Published: October 2023

Chemotherapy extravasation injury is an iatrogenic injury due to extravasation of the drug from the vessel during infusion therapy. Among various chemotherapeutic drugs, DNA binding vesicants like epirubicin and doxorubicin can lead to extensive tissue necrosis following extravasation. They are commonly used in many chemotherapy regimens including those for carcinoma breast. We present our case series in the management of these wounds with aggressive debridement and regional (pedicled groin)/free flaps (superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator, lateral arm) for cover in five patients. All flaps healed well with patient returning to further treatment in 3 to 4 weeks post-surgery with preservation of hand function. Thus, early recognition of the type of drug that has extravasated is crucial. Regional and free flaps are superior to local flaps because there are no extra incisions and grafts on the limb that has already been injured.
Comprehending Knowledge, Practices, and Perceptions of Community Health Workers Regarding Adolescent Health Program: A Cross-Sectional Inquiry in Bellary District, Karnataka
Authors: P.M Sindhu , Dmello Mackwin Kenwood , Lobo Prajwal Jupiter , Dsouza Neevan
Published: October 2023

Introduction Community health workers are crucial in improving health and bridging gaps between communities and health care services. They are integral to various national health initiatives to prevent diseases and enhance well-being. Providing health care services to adolescents is a pivotal responsibility for auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs) and Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) workers.

Objectives This study aims to evaluate the community health workers' comprehension, implementation practices, and viewpoints regarding the implementation of the Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK) program.

Methodology The research was conducted across primary health centers in Hagaribommanahalli and Huvina Hadagali taluks. A two-stage sampling technique was utilized to gather data from 404 participants, who were administered a semi-structured questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20 software.

Results Out of the total community health workers, 336 (83.2%) were ASHA workers, while 68 (16.8%) were ANMs. The mean age of the community health workers was 38 ± 6 years, and 79% had received training in the RKSK program. Of the respondents, 60.9% demonstrated adequate knowledge, and 79.5% correctly executed the RKSK activities. In addition, 80.5% of the participants strongly concurred with statements reflecting their perception of the RKSK program.

Conclusion The study findings indicate that community health workers possess a commendable understanding of the RKSK program. Furthermore, their effective implementation practices and positive perceptions regarding the RKSK program and its activities suggest a genuine commitment to supporting the RKSK program and other health-related endeavors targeting adolescents.
A lighthouse to future opportunities for sustainable water provided by intelligent water hackathons in the Arabsphere
Authors: Batisha Ayman
Published: October 2023

Complex water-related challenges hunger, poverty, climate change, biodiversity, land-use change, desertification agriculture, industrialization, urbanization, human population, and hygiene, need wise and urgent actions to overcome them. Globally, many drivers such as the U.S.-Chinese competition, the Russo–Ukrainian war, food security, pandemics, and human overpopulation, have water-related impacts. Freshwater is a truly complex interdisciplinary topic that requires innovative intelligent-inclusive ideas to reconcile limited water resources with expanding water demands. The article explores how artificial intelligence (AI) could rethink human-water interactions, remake water practices, humanize water science, and enhance daily water life. The Global Goals could be viewed as an integrated framework of human effort to face pressing today’s issues and to formulate a more sustainable and better world. Goal 6 (SDG 6 “sustaining water”) devoted to sustaining water and related actions for all humans is the skeleton of global goals (GGs). The Arabsphere faces severe water quality, quantity, and practice challenges to ensure the smooth achievement of global goals (GGs). Compared with the whole world and its main regions, the overall water stress indicator in the Arabsphere is greater than 100% (critical). This article explores how applied intelligence could be strengthened to achieve Goal 6, focuses on the “water stress” indicator, and how to ensure a sustainable water future (SWF) in the Arabsphere. The Intelligent Water Hackathon is a collaborative open science event. The hackathon was designed to mitigate water stress (WS) in the Arabsphere. The hackathon process involves four main phases: problem identification, team building, solution proposing, and presentation. The paper concludes hackathons could be a valuable process for the water researchers’ community to generate new and creative ideas and collective knowledge. Hackathon events could mitigate water stress, strengthen community engagement, and improve water resources outcomes. In closing, artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies are efficient providers to mitigate water stress, scarcity, and related risks. A future-driven Arab water vision based on artificial intelligence (AI) and intelligent water systems (IWSs) should be prioritized.
The influence of the parental child-rearing gender-role attitude on children’s social adjustment in single- and two-parent families: the mediating role of intergenerational identity
Authors: Chen I-Jun , Wang Yiyue , Sun Zhiyin , Song Yunping , Wang Liling , Yang Mengping
Published: October 2023

Family is an important system that influences children’s social adjustment. Parents are an important member of the family system, and their parental child-rearing gender-role attitudes (PCGA) will have a significant impact on their children’s social adjustment. This study used a sampling method to compare the intergenerational differences between family members’ PCGA, identity with parents and social adjustment in single- and two-parent families through 931 single-parent families and 3732 two-parent families in Suzhou, China. The study explored the mediating role of children’s identity with parents on parents’ PCGA and children’s social adjustment in different family structures. The results showed that: (1) parents’ masculinity rearing, femininity rearing of PCGA and children’s social adjustment in two-parent families were significantly higher than those in single-parent families; (2) children’s identity with parents mediated the relationship between femininity rearing of parents’ PCGA and children’s social adjustment; (3) the mediated model of children’s identity with parents was found to be significantly different between single-parent and two-parent families.
Integrated transcriptome and proteome analyses unravel a series of early defence responses in Sarcandra glabra against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Authors: Jiang Ni , Lin Birun , Song Lisha , Tan Guiyu , Zhang Zhanjiang , Yu Kai
Published: October 2023

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides critically threatens the growth and commercial cultivation of Sarcandra glabra. However, the defence responses and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we aimed to investigate the molecular reprogramming in S. glabra leaves infected with C. gloeosporioides. Leaf tissues at 0, 24 and 48 h post-inoculation (hpi) were analysed by combining RNA sequencing and Tandem Mass Tag-based liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. In total, 18 441 and 25 691 differentially expressed genes were identified at 24 and 48 hpi compared to 0 hpi (uninoculated control), respectively. In addition, 1240 and 1570 differentially abundant proteins were discovered at 24 and 48 hpi compared to 0 hpi, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that transcription and translation levels were highly consistent regarding repeatability and expression. Analyses using databases KEGG and iPATH revealed tricitric acid cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were induced, whereas photosynthesis and tryptophan were suppressed. Enzymatic activity assay results were consistent with the upregulation of defence-related enzymes including superoxide dismutases, catalases, peroxidases and chitinases. The transcriptome expression results were additionally validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. This study provides insights into the molecular reprogramming in S. glabra leaves during infection, which lay a foundation for investigating the mechanisms of host-Colletotrichum interactions and breeding disease-resistant plants.
Outer apoplastic barriers in roots: prospects for abiotic stress tolerance
Authors: Peralta Ogorek Lucas León , Jiménez Juan de la Cruz , Visser Eric J. W. , Takahashi Hirokazu , Nakazono Mikio , Shabala Sergey , Pedersen Ole
Published: October 2023

Floods and droughts are becoming more frequent as a result of climate change and it is imperative to find ways to enhance the resilience of staple crops to abiotic stresses. This is crucial to sustain food production during unfavourable conditions. Here, we analyse the current knowledge about suberised and lignified outer apoplastic barriers, focusing on the functional roles of the barrier to radial O2 loss formed as a response to soil flooding and we discuss whether this trait also provides resilience to multiple abiotic stresses. The barrier is composed of suberin and lignin depositions in the exodermal and/or sclerenchyma cell walls. In addition to the important role during soil flooding, the barrier can also restrict radial water loss, prevent phytotoxin intrusion, salt intrusion and the main components of the barrier can impede invasion of pathogens in the root. However, more research is needed to fully unravel the induction pathway of the outer apoplastic barriers and to address potential trade-offs such as reduced nutrient or water uptake. Nevertheless, we suggest that the outer apoplastic barriers might act as a jack of all trades providing tolerance to multiple abiotic and/or biotic stressors.
Pan-centromere reveals widespread centromere repositioning of soybean genomes
Authors: Liu Yang , Yi Congyang , Fan Chaolan , Liu Qian , Liu Shulin , Shen Lisha , Zhang Kaibiao , Huang Yuhong , Liu Chang , Wang Yingxiang , Tian Zhixi , Han Fangpu
Published: October 2023

Centromere repositioning refers to a de novo centromere formation at another chromosomal position without sequence rearrangement. This phenomenon was frequently encountered in both mammalian and plant species and has been implicated in genome evolution and speciation. To understand the dynamic of centromeres on soybean genome, we performed the pan-centromere analysis using CENH3-ChIP-seq data from 27 soybean accessions, including 3 wild soybeans, 9 landraces, and 15 cultivars. Building upon the previous discovery of three centromere satellites in soybean, we have identified two additional centromere satellites that specifically associate with chromosome 1. These satellites reveal significant rearrangements in the centromere structures of chromosome 1 across different accessions, consequently impacting the localization of CENH3. By comparative analysis, we reported a high frequency of centromere repositioning on 14 out of 20 chromosomes. Most newly emerging centromeres formed in close proximity to the native centromeres and some newly emerging centromeres were apparently shared in distantly related accessions, suggesting their emergence is independent. Furthermore, we crossed two accessions with mismatched centromeres to investigate how centromere positions would be influenced in hybrid genetic backgrounds. We found that a significant proportion of centromeres in the S9 generation undergo changes in size and position compared to their parental counterparts. Centromeres preferred to locate at satellites to maintain a stable state, highlighting a significant role of centromere satellites in centromere organization. Taken together, these results revealed extensive centromere repositioning in soybean genome and highlighted how important centromere satellites are in constraining centromere positions and supporting centromere function.
Surface topography assessment using chemical assisted ball end magnetorheological finishing
Authors: Sharma Anand , Niranjan Mahendra Singh
Published: October 2023

The generation of residual stresses by grinding process on the surface for a soft material result in poor performance and diminished life. Ball end magnetorheological finishing (BEMRF) process is a recently developed process that is effectively used for fine figuring and polishing of a variety of magnetic and non-magnetic materials. In this paper, grinding-induced residual stresses are addressed, and an attempt is made to relieve these residual stresses while achieving high surface finish using chemical assisted ball end magnetorheological finishing (CA-BEMRF) process. The chemical used in the present work is applied first time in BEMRF process and aluminium 7075 alloy workpiece has not been finished with this novel finishing process. The impact of various CA-BEMRF variables on percentage surface roughness reduction and percentage reduction in residual stresses are discussed statistically and graphically. Residual stresses of workpiece surfaces have been measured by using portable x-ray residual stress analyzer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of the finished workpiece before and after CA-BEMRF process is carried out to assess the effects of magnetizing current, tool rotation and working gap on surface topography of machined surface. It has been observed that reduction in residual stress is achieved along with high surface finish on aluminium workpiece surface using CA-BEMRF technique. Significant process parameters affecting the residual stresses and surface roughness during polishing of workpiece are obtained using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and F-test. The optimization problem for maximum percentage reduction in surface roughness and maximum percentage reduction in residual stress is formulated as multi objective, multi variable, nonlinear optimization problem. Maximum percentage surface roughness reduction and minimum residual stress has been found at magnetizing current 2.3 A, rotational speed of tool 550 rpm and working gap of 0.5 mm. Confirmatory experimental tests have been conducted and results obtained were found very close to the predicted outcome.
Detection of Pulsation and Additional Components in Eclipsing Binary RS Sct
Authors: Abedi A. , Roobiat K. Y.
Published: October 2023

The eclipsing binary star RS Sct is a semi-detached system of the β Lyrae type. This system was photometered for six nights in 2019 August, and 2020 June and August. The light and radial velocity curves were simultaneously analyzed to obtain the absolute physical and orbital parameters of the system, and the system geometry was determined. In this system, the primary component has filled its inner Roche lobe and the secondary component is close to filling it. Moreover, the change in the orbital period of this system was investigated. The presence of the third or fourth components and the mass transfer between the two components affect the orbital period of the system. In addition, the pulsation of the primary component was detected. Also, several frequencies with high signal-to-noise ratios were identified. According to the position of the primary component in the H-R diagram and the value of the obtained frequencies, this component is likely a delta-Scuti pulsator.
MMF: a fault detection model for UAVs based on Multimodal Model Fusion
Authors: Deng Hongli , Lu Yu , Yang Tao , Tang XiaoMei
Published: October 2023

Fault detection of UAVs is one of the main technical means to ensure the normal flight of UAVs. Traditional methods are based on a single model for anomaly detection, but a single model cannot learn the features of UAVs from multiple perspectives. Multi-model Neural Networks can learn features of the data from multiple perspectives. Inspired by this, a Multimodal Model Fusion (MMF) based UAV fault detection model is proposed in this paper. The MMF model consists of three parts: firstly, a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) are used to obtain nonlinear features and key features through parallel computation of homologous UAV data; secondly, key features and nonlinear features are merged to obtain a fusion vector; finally, a fully connected layer is used to compute the fusion vector, and then the results are output by a Softmax classifier. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the MMF model is higher than that of the single-model by about 2% to 7% on the ALFA dataset.
The characterization of Pahae Natural Zeolite and its application on ammonium removal
Authors: Susilawati S , Andriayani A , Sihombing Y A , Saragi I R , Masruchin N , Nuryawan A , Irma M
Published: October 2023

A study was conducted to determine the morphology and structure of Natural Zeolite obtained from Pahae, Tapanuli Utara, Indonesia. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the zeolite contained primarily mordenite and clinoptilolite crystals. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated the presence of TO4 ([SiO4]−4 and [AlO4]−5 groups), which appeared at a wavenumber of 1045.42 cm−1 and shifted to 1037.30 cm−1 after the hydrothermal process. Furthermore, porosity testing demonstrated that the samples exhibited higher porosity values with increasing hydrothermal temperature, leading to enhanced water adsorption. Chemical composition analysis using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) revealed an increase in silicate content from Pahae Natural Zeolite (PNZ) to Pahae Natural Zeolite–Hydrothermal Activated (PNZ-HA).
The effect of orientation on tensile strength 3D printing with ABS and PLA materials
Authors: Syaefudin E A , Kholil A , Hakim M , Wulandari D A , Riyadi  , Murtinugraha E
Published: October 2023

3D printing has revolutionized the manufacturing industry, offering unique opportunities for rapid prototyping and customized production. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Polylactic Acid (PLA) are widely used thermoplastics in 3D printing due to their versatility and mechanical properties. Tensile strength is a critical mechanical property that determines the load-bearing capacity of printed parts. However, the orientation of the printed layers during the additive manufacturing process can significantly affect the printed parts’ tensile strength and overall mechanical behaviour. The effect of printing orientation on the tensile strength of 3D printed ABS and PLA materials was investigated. The printing orientation of printed tensile samples varies from 0°, 45°, and 90°, layer thickness of 0.1 mm, and refers to ASTM D638 standard. Tensile testing is carried out with the Tensilon machine. The results showed that the orientation influence the tensile strength of the ABS and PLA samples. The change of orientation from 0° to 90° causes a decrease in tensile strength of 44.3% of ABS and 52.8% of PLA materials. The findings of this study will provide valuable insights into the mechanical behaviour of 3D printed parts and inform design considerations for optimizing printing orientations to achieve enhanced tensile strength.
The role of Ni-Doped ZnO thin films on Methylene Blue (MB) photodegradation under visible irradiation
Authors: Sugihartono I , Aliffah F N , Putri P L , Manawan M , Isnaeni I , Tan S T
Published: October 2023

We report the effect of Ni-doped ZnO thin films on the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible irradiation. The Ni-doped ZnO thin films were deposited on a silicon substrate by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) at 450 °C for 15 minutes. The ZnO thin films are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern for all samples confirms that the crystalline phase of Ni-doped ZnO thin films is polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite. However, due to the Ni incorporation into the ZnO site, there is a change in the crystal plane. All ZnO films confirmed photocatalytic properties, indicating methylene blue (MB) degradation under visible irradiation. Nevertheless, the degradation of the MB dye increased by about 76% with increasing Ni incorporation. Therefore, we confirmed that Ni incorporation affects the photocatalytic properties of the ZnO thin films.
Effect of low magnetic field during nickel electroplating on morphology, structure, and hardness
Authors: Basori B , Soegijono B , Yudanto S D , Nanto D , Susetyo F B
Published: October 2023

Nickel (Ni) layers are commonly utilized in various applications, such as automotive components. By using a magnetic field during the electroplating process, it is possible to achieve better properties. Ni electroplating was conducted in 0.5 M nickel sulphate in this research. Various low intensities of the magnetic field (0.08 T and 0.14 T) were applied during the electroplating process. In the past, it has been demonstrated that an increase in low magnetic field could result in a decrease in crystallite size and a rise in hardness. Samples were weighed with a digital scale to determine the deposition rate and current efficiencies. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and hardness tester were performed to investigate Ni layers properties. The magnetic field influences the deposition rate, cathodic current efficiency, surface morphology, structure, and hardness properties. The increase in the magnetic field caused a wider grain and smaller crystallite sizes. The crystallite sizes of the NiS - 0, NiS - 8, and NiS - 14 samples are 33.536 nm, 33.083 nm, and 28.540 nm, respectively. The hardness of the NiS - 0, NiS - 8, and NiS - 14 samples are 212.33 HV, 255.01 HV, and 267.214 HV, respectively. Higher hardness could be reached by reducing the size of crystallites. The influence of the magnetic field could enhance hardness during the electroplating process.
Electrodeposition of Zn-Doped Cu2O-Cu/Ni for methylene blue photodegradation
Authors: Sutrisno M G , Yusmaniar  , Noor A M , Budi S
Published: October 2023

Zn-doped Cu2O-Cu nanocomposite decorated with Ni cocatalyst was prepared by electrodeposition technique. The catalytic activity of the material was investigated from methylene blue (MB) degradation. The morphology, chemical composition, and structure of Zn-doped Cu2O-Cu/Ni were characterized by FESEM, EDAX, and XRD, respectively. The photoelectrochemical properties and photocatalytic activities measurements were carried out under visible light irradiation. The result showed that decrease of resistance charge transfer (Rct) reached to 2240 Ω by the addition of Ni. This low Rct produced a high current of 10.66 mA/cm2. The photocatalytic activity analysis showed that Zn-doped Cu2O-Cu/Ni exhibited higher methylene blue photodegradation compared to those without Ni cocatalyst. The high MB photodegradation was due to the role of Ni cocatalyst that could suppress the electron-hole recombination by acting as a photo-generated electron acceptor and promote the electron transfer in the Zn-doped Cu2O-Cu composite.