bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spiritualitas Menurut Yohanes Calvin dan Implikasinya bagi Pendidikan Warga Gereja di Era New Normal
Authors: Pasang Agustina
Published: December 2020

Abstract: One of the spiritualities that is important to learn and understand is spirituality according to John Calvin, which emphasizes the importance of the principle regarding the relationship between humans and God. Deeper recognition gives an indication that a person’s relationship with God is getting closer and closer to God, which will have an impact on spiritual growth. However, the spiritual understanding that is widely discussed today does not always originate from the existence of God but also from the potential of the human self. The purpose of this paper is to understand spirituality according to Calvin so that it can be a reference for the education of church members in the new normal era. This research uses a descriptive research method with a literature review approach and field data collection at the Indonesian Evangelical Mission Alliance Church in Balikpapan. Spirituality according to Calvin, if properly understood can help church members to have a correct understanding of knowing God and realizing the importance of spiritual growth and can find the strength to continue to grow in a stronger spiritual life that is expressed in the attitude of each individual’s life.
Abstrak: Salah satu spiritualitas yang penting untuk dipelajari dan dipahami adalah spiritualitas menurut Yohanes Calvin, menegaskan pentingnya relasi antara manusia dengan Allah. Pengenalan yang semakin dalam memberi indikasi semakin erat dan intimnya relasi seseorang dengan Allah yang berdampak pada pertumbuhan spiritualitas. Namun pemahaman spiritual yang ramai dibicarakan saat ini tidak selalu bertolak dari keberadaan Allah tetapi juga dari potensi diri manusia. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk memahami spiritualitas menurut Calvin, supaya dapat menjadi acuan bagi pendidikan warga gereja di era new normal. Adapun penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kajian literatur dan pengumpulan data lapangan di Gereja Persekutuan Misi Injili Indonesia (GPMII) Balikpapan. Spiritualitas menurut Calvin, jika dipahami secara benar dapat menolong warga gereja untuk memiliki pemahaman yang benar mengenai pengenalan akan Allah serta menyadari pentingnya pertumbuhan spiritualitas dan dapat menemukan kekuatan untuk terus bertumbuh dalam kehidupan spiritualitas yang lebih kokoh yang dinyatakan dalam sikap hidup tiap hari
A Comprehensive Report on the Modern Applications of Inorganic Materials in Biofuel Cell Industry
Authors: Chowdhury Budhadeb , Malik Susanta , Saha Bidyut
Published: December 2020

In this review, a partial description of inorganic materials from different sources has been presented to understand the function of biofuel cells. One of today’s greatest problems is the deficiency of fossil fuels and particularly oil. While also concerning over the environmental issue one of the new and effective resources of energy is biofuel cells (BFCs). It is important to keep in mind that the recent progress in the application of inorganic materials in biofuel cells put the emphasis particularly on the electrode and redox behaviour. Here we have discussed the primary challenges of applying inorganic materials to use as electrode in BFCs for future technology. Recently the future of energy depends on the creative design of the stable and efficient systems to produce clean and renewable energy sources, such as biofuel cells. The physical challenges and associated problems lead our discussion in better engineering path as well as in theoretical approach to apply various inorganic substances in BFCs.
Computational and Experimental Studies of Biolubricant Stability Derived from Oleic Acid
Authors: Kurniawan Yehezkiel Steven , Hendra  , Wahyuningsih Tutik Dwi
Published: December 2020

In the present work, the stability of six biolubricant compounds, i.e. Acetal, Ketal, D[4.4], D[4.5], Cyclic-6, and Cyclic-7, was evaluated both theoretically and experimentally. These compounds were prepared from oleic acid through hydroxylation and esterification reactions. The computational study of the compounds was conducted by using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method at B3LYP level of theory and 6-31 G (d,p) basis set. The theoretical stability was reflected from the internal energy value of the hydrolysis reaction of the biolubricant compounds to form the 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid. The order of stability is given as follows: Cyclic-6 (-3.458 kJ/mol) > Acetal (-3.446  kJ/mol) > Cyclic-7 (-3.364  kJ/mol) > D[4.5] (-3.343  kJ/mol) > D[4.4] (-3.261 kJ/mol) > Ketal (-3.058 kJ/mol). On the other hand, the experimental stability of the biolubricant compounds was measured using the American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM) standard method for total acid number (TAN) and total base number (TBN). It was found that the Cyclic-6 derivative yielded the lowest TAN (1.37 mg KOH/g) and TBN (3.53 mg KOH/g) values compared to the other biolubricant compounds. Meanwhile, the Cyclic-6 also showed the lowest internal energy value (-3.458 kJ/mol) from the computational study due to the high stability of six-membered ring. These results reveal that the experimental TAN and TBN values could be predicted from the theoretical internal energy value, i.e. TAN (mg KOH/g) = 35.183 (DE) – 123.02 (R2 = 0.9226) and TBN (mg KOH/g) = 105.71 (DE) – 369.72 (R2 = 0.8946), which is remarkable.
One-pot Synthesis of Polyethylene glycol-based Polymeric Monolithic Stationary Phases for Capillary Ion Chromatography
Authors: Tsuge Kenichi , Marikah David , Lestari Puji , Adachi Shunya , Okajima Yasuhiro , Lim Lee Wah , Takeuchi Toyohide
Published: December 2020

Polyethylene glycol-based polymeric monolithic stationary phases (capillary columns of 0.32 mm I.D.) were successfully prepared via one-pot-single-step reaction and were use in ion chromatography for the separation of several common inorganic anions. It should be noted that the prepared polyethylene glycol-monoliths were able to retain and separate the anions even though there were no ion-exchange sites. The retention mechanism was found to be based on the eluent cations trapped among the polyethylene glycol chains and worked as the anion-exchange sites. Several parameters such as the reaction conditions, monomer:porogen ratios, type of eluents, etc., were investigated. The relative standard deviations obtained for the retention times and signal intensities were less than 5 and 10% respectively. Theoretical plate numbers obtained for the separation of these anions were calculated to be in the range of 700-4300 plates for capillary columns of 10 cm in length.
RESTORASI MANAJEMEN WAKAF DARI TRADISIONAL MENUJU PROFESIONAL
Authors: Juandi Wawan , Nawawi Nawawi
Published: December 2020

This study found that waqf is a form of worship that contains a distinct benefit. The distinction of waqf is that its object is permanent and its benefits continue to flow for the benefit of Islamic preaching and the economic improvement. Waqf is not only in the form of immovable objects but also includes all handy objects. This is in accordance with the words of the Prophet, "hold on to the point and give the result." So far, waqf has only been managed traditionally. It needs restoration so that becomes professional, and becomes a potential and useful asset for the benefit of Muslims. Waqf in the history has contributed to Muslim civilization. Waqf as a medium for Islamic preaching (dakwah), such as mosques, universities, and schools because it will becomes the glory of Islam as rahmatal lil 'alamin. Waqf also has a function as a medium for improving the economy of Muslims, because a very urgent need is property to meet the needs of life. Meanwhile, what people face today is poverty. One of them is waqf which is managed productively and professionally. Fourteen centuries ago, the Prophet said, "almost poverty has fallen into disbelief". Therefore, it is necessary to change the mindset or rejuvenate that Islam is not synonymous with poverty and backwardness. So, it is inappropriate for Muslims to live in an Islamic country in poverty even if they are kafir dzimmi (kafir who has the protection in Islamic country).
1035325 Hubungan antara Umur dan Paritas dengan Kejadian Hiperemesis Gravidarum Pada Ibu Hamil
Authors: Leny
Published: December 2020

Hiperemesis gravidarum adalah muntah yang terjadi sampai umur kehamilan 20 minggu. Hiperemesis gravidarum dapat terjadi hampir pada 50% kasus ibu hamil dan terbanyak pada usia kehamilan 6-12 minggu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara umur dan paritas dengan kejadian Hiperemesis Gravidarum  pada ibu hamil di Klinik  Budi Mulia Medika Palembang Tahun 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu hamil yang datang berkunjung di klinik Budi Mulia Medika pada bulan Januari–Oktober 2020 yang berjumlah 118 responden. Sampel penelitian ini diambil secara non random sampling dengan sampel penelitian adalah total populasi yaitu seluruh ibu hamil yang datang berkunjung di klnik Budi Mulia Medika pada bulan Januari–Oktober 2020. Data yang diperoleh menggunakan analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji statistik Chi-square. Dari hasil uji Chi square menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara umur dengan kejadian Hiperemesis Gravidarum dengan p.value =  0,001 dan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara paritas dengan kejadian Hiperemesis Gravidarum dengan p.value = 0,001 di Klinik Budi Mulia Medika Palembang tahun 2020. Dari hasil penelitian ini, menyarankan agar peneliti yang akan datang dapat menambah variabel yang di teliti yang mempengaruhi kejadian hiperemesis Gravidarum.
1035325 Pengaruh Senam Hamil Terhadap Kualitas Tidur Ibu Hamil Trimester III
Authors: Rini Mayasari
Published: December 2020

Kehamilan dan persalinan merupakan suatu proses yang alami dan menimbulkan rasa sakit. Namun, banyak wanita yang merasakan sakit tersebut lebih parah dari seharusnya karena banyak dipengaruhi oleh rasa panik dan stress. Perubahan tingkat hormon selama kehamilan yang mempengaruhi fungsi sistem yang berada dari ibu hamil. Perubahan hormon tidak hanya secara langsung mempengaruhi siklus tidur bangun dan struktur tidur, tetapi juga mempengaruhi siklus tidur bangun dan struktur tidur, tetapi juga mempengaruhi perubahan fisik dan mental tertentu yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan tidur. Senam hamil merupakan suatu metode penting untuk mempertahankan atau memperbaiki keseimbangan fisik ibu hamil dan merupakan terapi latihan yang diberikan pada ibu hamil dengan tujuan mencapai persalinan yang cepat, mudah dan aman. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh senam hamil terhadap kualitas tidur pada ibu hamil trimester III di Rumah Sakit Baiturrahim Kota Jambi Tahun 2020. Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan quasi experimental, dengan metode pre and post experimental test with control group design. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini 20 responden. Cara pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Penelitian ini dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, masing-masing kelompok terdiri 10 orang. Kelompok perlakuan diberikan senam hamil dan kelompok kontrol tanpa diberikan intervensi. Hasil Penelitian Uji normalitas diperoleh nilai berdistribusi normal (p>0,05). Berdasarkan uji Paired Sample T-Test hasil pengujian pada kelompok perlakuan, diketahui nilai Sig.2 (2-tailed) adalah 0,000 dengan signifikansi 0,000 (p<0,05), Hasil pengujian terhadap kelompok kontrol, diketahui nilai Sig.2 (2-tailed) adalah 0,823 dengan signifikansi 0,823 (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Ada pengaruh positif dengan pemberian senam hamil
1035325 The Relationship between Menstrual Disorder and Stres in Pandemic Covid-19 : A Literatur Review Analysis Situation in Primary Health Care From Indonesia
Authors: Titik Almujahidiani  , Fika Minata  , Penny Septiani
Published: December 2020

Prevalensi angka kejadian Covid-19 di menurut WHO per tanggal 01 September 2020 sebanyak 25.118.689 terinfeksi Covid-19 dengan kasus kematian sebanyak 844.312 dengan persentase 3,4%.  Data WHO pada tahun 2012 prevalensi gangguan menstruasi pada wanita yaitu 45%. Dari hasil yang diperoleh jumlah yang terpapar covid-19 di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi sebasar 141.370 kasus dan  urutan ke dua dari 10 negara ASEAN lainnya. Di negara Arab menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat stress dengan gangguan menstruasi. Kejadian gangguan menstruasi sebanyak 27%. Penelitian lain di China melalui survei online hal ini menunjukkan gejala depresi sedang hingga berat sebanyak 16,5%, memiliki gejala kecemasan sedang hingga berat sebanyak 28,8% dan dilaporkan mengalami tingkat stress sedang hingga berat sebanyak 8,1%. Penelitian di Amerika dalam regulasi emosi secara signifikan memoderasi hubungan antara fase menstruasi dan control yang dirasakan atas kejadian terkait kecemasan (B = -0,42, P<0,05). Penelitian lain di Afrika krisis covid-19 telah mengubah peningkatan risiko terjadinya dan keparahan gangguan menstruasi terkait stress. Penelitian ini diharapkan agar dapat memberikan pengetahuan mengenai penanganan psikologis yang dapat menyebebkan gangguan pada menstruasi selama masa covid-19.
1035325 Deteksi Dini Komplikasi Pada Masa Nifas dan Penatalaksanaannya Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Kesehatan Ibu
Authors: Yuhemy Zurizah
Published: December 2020

Asuhan pada masa nifas sangat diperlukan dalam periode ini karena masa nifas merupakan masa kritis untuk ibu dan bayinya, Untuk melaksanakan skreening yang komprehensif mendeteksi masalah, mengobati atau merujuk bila terjadi komplikasi pada ibu dan bayi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeteksi dini komplikasi pada masa nifas dan penatalaksanaannya sebagai upaya meningkatkan kesehatan ibu di Klinik Bersalin Anisa Banyuasin, Penelitian ini menggunakan action research. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu nifas yang ada di ruang kebidanan Klinik Bersalin Anisa Banyuasin dengan kriteria inklusi hari ke-1 sampai ke-7 post partum sebanyak 40. Sampel yang digunakan adalah seluruh populasi. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan checklist dan wawancara langsung. Hasil penelitian ini menggunakan analisa univariat. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa tidak terdapat adanya tanda-tanda infeksi pada masa nifas pada ke-40 ibu nifas, yang mengalami perdarahan pada masa nifas 1 (2,5%) lebih sedikit dibandingkan yang tidak mengalami perdarahan pada masa nifas yang berjumlah 39 (97.5%), Dari ke 40 ibu nifas tersebut tidak ditemukan adanya masalah infeksi saluran kemih pada masa nifas, Dan yang mengalami masalah dalam menyusui yaitu payudara bengkak berjumlah 2 orang (5%), lebih sedikit dibandingkan yang tidak mengalami masalah dalam menyusui pada masa nifas yang berjumlah 38  (95%). Berdasarkan teori yang ada selain mendeteksi dini seorang tenaga kesehatan hendaknya mampu memberikan penyuluhan kepada ibu nifas sehingga dapat menimbulkan pengetahuan pada ibu nifas.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTING STYLE AND CHILDREN LEARNING DISCIPLINE
Authors: Nurhadi Nurhadi
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine parenting as applied by parents in Kelurahan Rawang Empat and to what extent parents' understanding of the relationship between parenting and children's learning discipline, as well as the causes of parenting. This research uses descriptive method with correlational research analysis techniques. Based on the analysis conducted showed that in the Rawang Empat sub-district Bandar Petalangan sub-district Pelalawan District parenting patterns in primary school children with an average value of 27.43 included in the category of "good enough" which is in the interval 25-28. While the level of discipline of elementary school children with an average value of 23.13 is included in the category of "sufficient discipline" that is at intervals of 21-23. By using product moment correlation analysis the results of hypothesis analysis show that the value of rxy = 0.953 is in a positive direction. The relationship between parenting style and the level of discipline of learning of elementary school children is included in the category of "very strong" at intervals of 0.80-1,000. The research data also showed that tcount = 14.416, while ttable at a significance level of 5% = 0.433 and ttable at a significance level of 1% = 0.549. It can be seen that tcount is greater than ttable. Thus it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between parenting and the level of discipline of elementary school children in Rawang Empat Village, Bandar Petalangan District, Pelalawan Regency.
IMPLICATIONS OF ZONATION SYSTEM AND EFFORTS TO OVERCOME STUDENTS LEARNING DIFFICULTIES
Authors: Nugraha Enung , Fauzi Muhamad , Hesti Yani Susilo
Published: December 2020

This study aims to determine the zoning system's application for the admission of new students and determine the efforts of schools and teachers to overcome learning difficulties as a negative impact of the application of the zoning system. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a phenomenological approach. The research object was in the Junior High Schools 1, 5, and 10 Serang City, while the data obtained through interviews with the principal and vice-principal of the school. The results showed that the zoning system's implementation for new students' admission was following government policy. The efforts schools and teachers' to helping student learning difficulties by adding learning hours for students who experience learning difficulties at schools on health protocols as part of the 'new normal' through a scheduled and limited system, the importance of parental participation in coaching and supervision of learning at home and assist their friends or seniors to understand the substance earlier learning.
SCHOOL LITERATION IN SHAPING THE CHARACTER OF STUDENTS
Authors: Sari Yuliana Nanda , Hariandi Ahmad , Rahmadini Dwi , Saputri Erlina Dwi , Wahyuningsih Yeni
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study is to review and explain the role of school literation in shaping the character of the learner especially in class II in elementary school. The research method used in this study is a qualitative approach with the type of phenomenological research. The findings obtained in the field were obstacles in the application of this literacy movement, namely that the student focus was easily lost, so they were playing around and it disturbed their friends who wanted to focus on reading. The results of this study shows that the existence of 15 minutes of reading before the lesson begins, the existence of a varied collection of books, reading activities carried out every day and literacy activities at school can foster student’s enthusiasm for reading which is decreasing day by day due to the influence of gadget and the environment of students who do not care about the importance of reading. The conclusion of this research can be concluded that: 1) The application of the literacy culture in school at SDN 111/I Muara Bulian is categorized as quite good, 2) the application of a school literacy culture, it can form the character of students by respecting people who speak, respecting each other and older people
PPARTNERTRALISTIC SUPERVISION APPROACH TO IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF BASIC EDUCATION
Authors: Sulhan Ahmad , Hakim Mohammad Viktor Farid
Published: December 2020

The research objective was to obtain a partnership concept in the supervision activities at SDIT Anak Sholeh Mataram in order to improve the quality of education. Basically, supervision activities are not only routine evaluations of educational activities. The research method used qualitative with case studies. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique consists of three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that a partnertralistic form of supervision at SDIT Anak Sholeh Mataram was evident from the involvement of parents, teachers, school principals, school committees, and class forums in various educational activities. This has implications for developing intense communication with all parties in increasing educational activities in schools.
LECTURERS' PERFORMANCE IN INCREASING OF LEARNING QUALITY THROUGH SELF-MONITORING EVALUATION
Authors: Rahman Andi
Published: December 2020

The research objective was to get the use of teachers’ self-monitoring strategies in conducting performance evaluations, so that the quality of learning in class becomes high quality. The research method used descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques used observation and interviews. The data analysis technique consists of three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research was conducted at the Ahmad Dahlan Institute of Technology and Business Jakarta. The results showed that the teacher always evaluated the performance of the learning and teaching process on a regular basis, namely at the end of each semester. This is done to evaluate the overall learning outcomes. Meanwhile, learning evaluation is also carried out after each learning process by students’ input. The implication of the research results is the development of a teacher’s performance evaluation system at the University, either carried out by individual or university leaders
EXPERIMENTAL CHECKING OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS DESCRIBING THE FUNCTIONING ADEQUACY OF BRIDGE SYSTEMS IN AGRICULTURAL TRACK SYSTEM
Authors: Ivanovs Semjons , Bulgakov Volodymyr , Kuvachov Volodymyr , Kaletnik Hrihorii , Shymko L. , Ihnatiev Yevhen
Published: December 2020

The article exposes the results of the mathematical simulation of the agricultural bridge equipment functioning. The mathematical models describing the functioning of the agricultural bridge equipment were checked for adequacy by comparing the theoretical and experimental amplitude-frequency characteristics of the oscillations of its heading angle and lateral displacement. It was established by the result of investigated characteristics’ quantitative assessment that a satisfactory coincidence of the theoretical and experimental results, as well as a positive result of checking the adequacy of the mathematical models of the vertical and the horizontal oscillations of the agricultural equipment indicate a possibility of their further use for solving scientific and practical problems.
RESEARCH ON MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING’S ALGORITHM
OF PHOTO-VOLTAIC CELL ARRAY FOR GREENHOUSE
Authors: Wei Liming , Wu Yangyun , Ji Nan , Li Boheng , Guo Xiujuan , Li Bin
Published: December 2020

In order to enhance the utilization of solar energy in photovoltaic greenhouse, this paper takes the optimization strategy of photovoltaic array's maximum power point tracking algorithm as research object. According to the changing rule of the slope of photovoltaic array's output P-U curve, this paper proposes a new variable-step conductance increment method to track the maximum power point. When the working point is located on the left side of maximum power point, the logarithmic function value of curve’s slope is adopted as the voltage step to adjust the position of working point. When the working point is located on the right side of maximum power point, the exponential function value of curve’s slope is adopted as the voltage step to adjust the position of working point. Through the MPPT modelling and simulation in MATLAB/Simulink and the corresponding circuit test, the result shows that comparing with the traditional variable-step conductance increment method, the proposed algorithm can find the maximum power point faster, and it can effectively reduce the power loss caused by step oscillation in the searching process, which achieves the goal of enhancing conversion efficiency of photovoltaic power generation.
INVESTIGATION OF OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS OF COATINGS FOR REBUILDING WORN OUT CAST IRON PARTS OF SELF-PROPELLED AGRICULTURAL MACHINE
Authors: Bekana Daniel , Kolev Zhivko , Kadirova Seher , Nenov Teodor , Kadikyanov Georgi
Published: December 2020

This paper presents investigation of some operational parameters of coatings for rebuilding, deposited on worn-out cast-iron parts of self-propelled agricultural machines. The coatings have been realized by applying a combined technology comprising deposition of electrochemical coating of non-ferrous metal and subsequently deposition of welding coating. The parameters for deposition of the electrochemical coatings and the parameters for deposition of the welding coatings have been presented. The results of the investigation of the following coatings’ operational parameters are presented: removed material in friction process, friction torque, micro-hardness and roughness. Based on the results obtained, the relative wear resistance of the coatings has been calculated.
RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY OF AGRICULTURAL PICKING ROBOT
BASED ON IMAGE DETECTION TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Jin Yujie
Published: December 2020

As a kind of intelligent agricultural equipment, picking robots are of great significance for improving the efficiency of agricultural production. However, the main bottleneck restricting the development of picking robots today is the positioning and control in image recognition. Therefore, an agricultural picking control method based on visual servo technology is proposed. This method can accurately control the picking hand of the picking robot on the basis of building an eye-hand relationship model and an online identification system. With the tomato picking process as the background, the effectiveness of the method was verified. The test results of image feature points show that there is a small error between the stable feature points and the expected image feature points. In addition, the image plane trajectory of the picking robot is relatively smooth, and there is no vibration or overshoot. In addition, from its density distribution characteristics, it can be seen that the picking hand movement is a continuous acceleration stage at the beginning of the control, and at the end of the control, the characteristic points gradually tend to the desired characteristics, and the output of the control system is relatively stable. It can be seen from this that the model has better control performance. This method has certain practical significance for the improvement of agricultural picking efficiency.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF PORTABLE DETECTOR FOR APPLE' S SOLUBLE SOLIDS CONTENT BASED ON VISIBLE AND NEAR INFRARED SPECTRUM
Authors: Peng Fa , Liu ShuangXi , Jiang Hao , Liu XueMei , Mu JunLin , Wang JinXing
Published: December 2020

In order to detect the soluble solids content of apples quickly and accurately, a portable apple soluble solids content detector based on USB2000 + micro spectrometer was developed. The instrument can communicate with computer terminal and mobile app through network port, Bluetooth and other ways, which can realize the rapid acquisition of apple spectral information. Firstly, the visible / near-infrared spectrum data and soluble solids content information of 160 apple samples were collected; secondly, the spectral data preprocessing methods were compared, and the results showed that the prediction model of sugar content based on partial least square (PLS) method after average smoothing preprocessing was accurate. The correlation coefficient (RP) and root mean square error (RMSEP) of the prediction model were 0.902 and 0.589 ° Brix, respectively. Finally, on the basis of average smoothing preprocessing, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) and successive projections algorithm (SPA) were used to optimize the wavelength of spectral data, and PLS model was constructed based on the selected 17 characteristic wavelengths, which can increase the accuracy of soluble solids content prediction model, increase the RP to 0.912, and reduce RMSEP to 0.511 ° Brix. The portable visible / near infrared spectrum soluble solids prediction model based on the instrument and method has high accuracy, and the detector can quickly and accurately measure the soluble solids content of apple.
THIRD ADDITION TO THE ADVENTIVE FLORA OF THE MAIN ROADS OF THE UDMURT REPUBLIC
Authors: Puzyrev A.N.
Published: December 2020

Information is given about the finds of 42 adventive plant species found on the main roads of the Udmurt Republic from 2010 to 2020. Of these, 8 species are Brassica juncea (L.) Czern, Carthamus tinctorius L., Chenopodium virgatum Thunb., Melampyrum polonicum (Beauverd) Soó, Oenothera biennis L., Polygonum calcatum Lindm., Puccinellia gigantea (Grossh.) Grossh., Sedobassia sedoides (Pall.) Freitag et C. Kadereit are reported for the first time for Udmurtia main roads; 2 species of Carthamus tinctorius L., Chenopodium virgatum Thunb. - for the first time for its adventive flora. The largest number of adventive species (20 species) was identified in the Alnash district of Udmurtia.
RECONNAISSANCE ASSESSMENT OF THE RECREATIONAL POTENTIAL OF SPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS OF THE KRASNOYARSK BASIN
Authors: Chernov V.I. , Yamskikh G.Yu.
Published: December 2020

The main categories of specially protected natural territories of the Krasnoyarsk basin are considered and a qualitative reconnaissance assessment of their recreational potential is made (taking into account the analysis of methods used in different regions of Russia) according to the most significant criteria for this territory: natural attractiveness, cultural and educational value, transport accessibility from the city of Krasnoyarsk, infrastructural accessibility and environmental risks. In the vicinity of Krasnoyarsk, there are 20 specially protected natural areas: national Park of Federal significance - 1, complex reserve of regional significance - 1, biological reserves of regional significance - 5, geological natural monuments of regional significance - 8, 2 hydrological - 2 and Botanical -3. The highest score of recreational potential was given to the Krasnoyarsk Pillars national Park - 11 points and the Karaulnaya Cave geological nature monument-12 points out of 15, as these protected areas include unique natural objects, differ in landscape diversity, have a developed tourist infrastructure and are located near the city of Krasnoyarsk. The territory of the national Park "Krasnoyarsk Pillars" of all specially protected natural areas is subject to the greatest environmental risk (1 point), has a significant recreational load with an overall high recreational potential. Nature monuments "Mininsky Pillars", "Chernaya Sopka", "Badzheyskaya Cave" and "Bolshaya Oreshnaya Cave" have the greatest natural attractiveness, transport accessibility, and low environmental risks in the overall high assessment of recreational potential (9-10 points). When assessing the recreational potential of biological reserves ("Bolshemurtinsky", "Talsko-Garevskoy", "Saratovskoe swamp", "Malo-Kemchugsky" and "Bolshe-Kemchugsky"), it was found that they have a low cultural and cognitive value (1-2 points ), transport and infrastructural accessibility (1 point), but, at the same time, they have significant natural attractiveness and experience low environmental risks, which ultimately increases their recreational potential to the medium level (6 to 8 points).
COAST GEOMORPHOSYSTEMS OF THE RIGHT BANK OF THE VOTKINSK RESERVOIR
Authors: Egorov I.E. , Gleizer I.V. , Kazakov A.G.
Published: December 2020

Methods and results of field studies of the complex of coastal processes on the right Bank of the Votkinsk reservoir are presented. They include observations of the rate of destruction and retreat of the walls of landslide-scree slopes, cut by abrasion, and processes that develop on the emerging shallows. For the first time, the processes of slow mass displacement of material entering the shallows due to the destruction of the banks were established and quantified within the shallow coastal waters. The main morphological types of coastal geomorphosystems are identified and the rates of re-formation are determined for their surface and underwater parts. It is noted that the most productive processes in relation to the flow of loose material into the reservoir bowl are the processes of shedding. Accordingly, weathering, as a source of loose material formation, acquires the importance of the most important shore-forming factor in the surface part of coastal geomorphosystems in the reservoir conditions. Among the most important lithodynamic flows of underwater sections of the coastal zone, the underwater "creep" is singled out. It was found that the layer of loose sediment lining the bench with a layer of 20-25 cm by the beginning of ice formation completely slides in the drying zone at a distance of 15-20 meters by the beginning of spring water discharge. Mass displacement of fine-grained earth occurs in the summer, but the slid material is actively replenished with abrasive products in the summer. Banks are destroyed by parallel retreat of the underwater and surface parts of the coast. At present, the rate of coastal destruction often increases rather than decreases, which makes it necessary to review some theoretical provisions concerning the laws of coastal development and forecast estimates. The results obtained can be used to estimate the rate of siltation of the reservoir basin.
FORMATION OF AN EFFECTIVE SYSTEM OF FISCAL FEDERALISM IS A STRATEGIC FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY
Authors: Kostenkova V.G.
Published: December 2020

The problems of formation of an effective system of fiscal federalism in modern Russia are considered. For a number of objective and subjective reasons, inter-budgetary relations between the federal center and the regions are based on an obvious priority in favor of the interests of the federal center. This has an extremely negative effect on the socio-economic development of the country's regions. The article presents an overview of scientific studies devoted to determining the need to use fiscal federalism as a strategic factor ensuring the effective development of the country's regions. The system of fiscal federalism in the USA and Germany, its advantages and disadvantages is analyzed. The author notes that the experience of these countries confirms the need to use fiscal federalism in countries with a large territory and significant differences in the level of economic development between regions. Ensuring the competitiveness of the region and its transition to an innovative development model can become a reality only if the regions, firstly, have the necessary financial resources for this; secondly, if they are independent in making decisions on determining the direction of using these resources. When the system is conserved, when the region is strategically dependent on the opinion of the federal center, it is a dead-end option. The economic situation in the Udmurt Republic is analyzed, which is a typical example of an industrial region in the Urals. In the current century, three programs for the development of the regional economy have been adopted. However, the practical implementation of the programs ran into great difficulties, since Russian regions are unable to ensure the solution of current problems and development for the future due to the lack of the necessary financial resources. In these conditions, the formation of a modern effective system of fiscal federalism should be considered as a problem requiring a mandatory prompt solution. The socio-political situation in the country and the prospects for its development are determined by the state of affairs in the regions. Therefore, the development of fiscal federalism acts as a strategic condition for the development of the national economy as a whole.
DIRECTIONS FOR OPTIMIZING THE SYSTEM OF FINANCING PROFESSIONAL SPORTS IN RUSSIA
Authors: Litvishko O.V.
Published: December 2020

The requirements and conditions for the functioning of professional sports that have been formed in the international arena indicate the need to review the current model of conducting financial and economic activities by domestic sports entities that are direct participants in the international sports movement, which requires a comprehensive study related to the optimization of the financial mechanism of professional sports. The relevance of this issue and the lack of a unified approach to the methodology of managing the financial mechanism of professional sports determined the purpose and subject of the research conducted within the scope of this article. Thus, the purpose of the study is to offer directions for optimizing the financial mechanism for managing professional sports, implemented in the context of the development of financial and economic independence of its subjects. At the same time, the subject of the research is the relations related to the development of the financial mechanism of professional sports and the use of its methods and tools to ensure the financial stability of professional sports subjects. Strict licensing conditions for the quality of financial support for clubs and sports infrastructure will allow the League to be formed from professional clubs that can provide high spectator interest in the competition, which will be the basis for financial stability and popularity of the entire League. The main criteria for compliance should be: the availability of modern infrastructure, in particular the stadium, base and youth Academy, as well as a balanced budget for the season, confirmed by the relevant contractual documentation.
THE ROLE OF LEGAL FICTIONS IN MODERN LAW ENFORCEMENT PRACTICE
Authors: Аnchishina E.A.
Published: December 2020

This article is devoted to defining the role of legal fictions in modern law enforcement practice. To do this, the author reveals the content of this category, paying attention to the absence of the need to consider fiction as something false and contrary to objective reality. Further, the author defines the meaning of legal fictions, conducting a detailed analysis of their main functions on the example of the civil legislation of the Russian Federation and the corresponding law enforcement practice. At the same time, its practical aspect is mainly studied. The main attention is paid to the protective function of legal fiction, the essence of which, as the author shows, is to restore violated rights and establish a balance of interests of the parties to the legal relationship, as well as to protect the rights of third parties. The features of this function are considered on the examples of the following fictions: fiction of the occurrence of a condition or non-occurrence of a condition; fiction of the presence of powers; fiction of non-conclusion of a contract. The author comes to the conclusion that fiction as a method of legal technique is used not only by the legislator, but also finds independent application in practice, which is reflected in the explanations of higher courts considered in this article.
ON SOME THEORETICAL AND LEGAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE PROBLEMS OF MODERN RUSSIAN STATEHOOD
Authors: Voitovich V.Yu.
Published: December 2020

The article examines the main provisions related to the implementation of the goals of the Russian state, enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. They received their legislative form in the Political program of the state, principles, forms, goals, tasks and functions of its implementation. The proclamation in the Constitution of the Russian Federation of building a democratic legal state as the highest goal has theoretical, methodological, practical-political and ideological significance. It is noted that democracy is reflected, above all, in the actual implementation of citizens' political, social and economic rights and freedoms, their active participation in public and political life, in the management of the society not only through state agencies but through a system of local government, public associations. Today we can speak with certainty about the emergence of such a function as social. It is expressed in the main program and political goal: to increase the material and cultural standard of living of Russian workers.
THE BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SUSPECTS IN THE COMMISSION OF BRIBERY
Authors: Kaminsky A.M. , Gubin M.A.
Published: December 2020

The article states that the identification of features of the psychological and social portrait of the criminal personality allows us to identify important accents of the behavioral characteristics of the suspect, which will contribute to the effectiveness of the preparation and conduct of forensic activities. The authors of the article substantiate that criminology with the help of criminalistics identifies and describes a certain set of typological socially significant and psychological properties, personality qualities that determine the initiation of illegal behavior, which is implemented when committing an act of bribery. The article highlights the factors that affect the style of behavior of a person during a search at the investigation of the act of giving a bribe, and also formulates provisions based on the correct interpretation of the behavior of a bribe taker. The authors analyze the fundamental recommendations in the research area, which are supported by multiple practical and operational experience, which allows us to obtain positive results when analyzing the behavior of a person during a search necessary to investigate the commission of bribery. The main conclusion is that in order to correctly plan the sequence of actions criminalistically, it is important to delve deeply into the criminological aspects of psychology and features of the analysis of specific criminal behavior, taking into account the affectology of reactions and character accentuations.
COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE, AND EXTERNAL RELATIONS OF CRIMINAL GROUPS ORGANIZED ON AN ETHNIC BASIS: CURRENT STATE AND TRENDS
Authors: Rubtsov V.G.
Published: December 2020

In the article, the author notes the increased influence of ethnic criminal groups on the criminal situation in Russia. This is due to the specific patterns of their activities. To describe these regularities, the criminalistic characteristics of the criminal activity of ethnic criminal formations can be represented by the following elements: 1) the composition and structure of the formation; 2) the characteristics of the participants' personality; 3) the direction of criminal activity; 4) types of criminal activity; 5) external relations of the formation. Based on empirical data from 2008 and 2019, a comparative analysis of these elements was conducted. The study showed that over the past decade, the activities of these groups, as well as those of other criminal groups, have been reoriented from self-serving and violent methods of criminal activity to intellectual criminal activity, primarily in the economic sphere. In addition, more active use of information technologies in criminal activities is noted; the share of leaders of groups with higher education has increased. More specific changes occurred in the composition, structure, external relations of these groups. As a result of these changes, the activities of criminal groups organized on an ethnic basis are becoming even more closed.
PROBLEMS OF CRIMINAL LAW ASSESSMENT OF THE ABUSE OF CONSUMER RIGHTS
Authors: Rovneiko V.V.
Published: December 2020

The legislation and practice of its application are based on the priority of protecting the rights of the consumer, which is known to everyone: "The client is always right". Assigning the weak side status to the consumer (buyer) has the opposite effect. The buyer gets a significantly larger amount of rights. Unscrupulous consumers began to derive property benefits from this situation, abusing the preferences granted to them: they are increasingly declaring purchased goods to be of poor quality, refusing to settle disputes with retailers and manufacturers peacefully, and suing them. The phenomenon is called "consumer extremism". Consumer extremism is not only a civil law phenomenon (a type of abuse of rights), it also has signs of criminal fraud. It is necessary to make additions to the current resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation so that general explanations can be fully applicable to cases of consumer extremism.
THE PRINCIPLE OF ENSURING THE RIGHT OF THE ACCUSED AND SUSPECT TO DEFENSE
Authors: Tat'yanin D.V.
Published: December 2020

The principle of ensuring the right of the accused and suspect to defense is one of the absolute guarantees of the protection of the rights of these participants. However, despite its sufficient regulation, in practice there are several issues that need to be resolved. The right to defense is not identical to the right to provide qualified legal assistance, which calls into question the implementation of the principle in question from the standpoint of protecting the rights of accused and suspects, while the legislator allows the possibility of exercising this right not only by lawyers, but also by other persons. The right to protection must be provided by professionals. The provision allowing the protection of the rights of juvenile accused and suspects with their consent by legal representatives or other persons is controversial, but this approach is unacceptable for minors. The participation of a defense lawyer in cases of juvenile delinquency must be unconditional at all stages of the process. The legislator does not specify what is meant by mental or physical disabilities that prevent the accused and the suspect from exercising the right to defense, since in this case we are not talking about the insane. It is necessary to clearly define the content of these disorders that require the mandatory participation of a lawyer.
THE PROBLEM OF POVERTY IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN (RESULTS OF SOCIOLOGICAL STUDIES)
Authors: Akhmetianova R.A.
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to the analysis of subjective poverty in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The limitations of monetary and the advantages of subjective approaches in measuring poverty are well founded. Based on the data of sociological surveys conducted by the Institute of Strategic Research of the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2015-2020, a higher level of subjective poverty has been determined as well as an absence of positive dynamics in the reduction of this indicator. Four surveys showed comparable poverty rates, confirming the objectivity of the differences with official statistics. At the same time, the socio-demographic profile of the recipients of targeted social assistance is fully correlated with the profile of social poverty derived from the sociological survey. It has been shown that the high level of subjective poverty is due to the displacement of economically active population groups into it, following the deterioration of their material situation. The highest incidence of poverty was the low level of wages and the inability to find better jobs. The level of demand and the actual material situation in the social strata of the data leads to widespread poverty. It is argued that sex and age characteristics, place of residence, level of education, presence of children in the family are factors that contribute to the risk of falling downward social mobility among the poor. The study made concrete proposals to reduce poverty in the region.