bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The European Union in Global Competition of Jurisdictions
Authors: Laptenok V. O.
Published: December 2023

International legal regimes are a factor in regulating relationships between subjects of international relations, constructive interaction, policy coordination and resolution of contradictions. When conflicts arise, the interaction of the legal systems of states, regional associations and international organizations can be both complementary and competitive in nature, affecting the legal qualification of the parties’ actions. Competitiveness manifests itself in the interpretation of the actions of the same entities within different jurisdictions. The conflict of interests of the parties, as confirmed by examples from the contractual legal practice of relations between the EU and the USA, Canada and a number of other countries, is quite surmountable. The cluster of contradictions characterizing the current situation on the European continent gives an existential character to the search by all parties for a rational strategy for resolving the crisis. The purpose of international law is to put contradictions into the legal plane in order to avoid escalation of tension in relations between the warring parties. An objective assessment of the positions of the world centers of power and the basic legal principles that guide them in the strategy of global presence requires taking into account the problems that gave rise to the replacement of the previous attitude towards «integration of integrations» by a direct clash of the parties. A critical analysis of the key areas of the EU’s implementation of external competencies, including sanctions (implemented with varying degrees of effectiveness in recent years), is important for understanding the strategy that Brussels is implementing. The current crisis is a serious test of the EU’s resistance to stress, and of the Union’s value system for resilience in unfavorable external conditions. The subject of this paper is the real possibilities of the European Union to offer an alternative to the confrontational scenario.
Standard sample as an obligatory element in the diagnosis of poisoning by toxic substances
Authors: Luksha Valeriya V. , Eltsov Anatoliy A. , Yudina Nadezhda S.
Published: December 2023

One of the actual problems of poisoning diagnosing remains a wide variety of toxic substances and the constant emergence of new natural and synthetic compounds. Classes of compounds to which toxic substances may belong are extremely diverse. Plant, animal, bacterial and biotechnological toxins can cause acute poisoning. The difference in their physicochemical properties and chemical structure complicates the reliable and timely detection of the toxin in the human body. In the review, the authors describe the main modern diagnostic methods that allow for a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the content of the toxin. Methods of analytical control, the result of which is a quantitative characteristic of the analyzed component, in turn provide for the use of a standard sample, since this allows not only to identify the toxicant, but also to evaluate its content in the human body. The review considers the role of a standard sample in the diagnosis of poisoning by toxic substances, including in accordance with the requirements of the legislative framework of the Russian Federation in the field of ensuring the uniformity of measurements. This requirement includes ensuring the metrological traceability of measurement results, monitoring the accuracy of measurement results, conducting validation and verification procedures for analytical methods that require the use of a certified standard sample. The main problems specialists face in the process of diagnosing and determining the direction of activity for their solution are indicated. Today, the need to develop domestic analytical standards is becoming important, which is associated with the difficulties of acquiring them in other countries and restricting the access of the Russian Federation to world biobanks, storages of reference samples.
Metabolic Muddle. MASLD and MASH on the Horizon
Authors: Meagher Timothy
Published: December 2023

NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) and NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis) are time-honored acronyms, with widely popular acceptance. Experts now recommend discarding them in favor of MASLD for “metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease” and MASH for “metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.” The reasons for this change are explored and an argument about why the change is confusing, is advanced. Should these acronyms become clinically popular, risk assessment manuals will require updates.
The Institution of the President in the Political System of the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Podolak Małgorzata
Published: December 2023

The institution of the President of the Republic of Serbia was established under the 2006 constitution. Previous experience of the country was limited in terms of the structure of the executive power. In 1953, the office of President of Yugoslavia was introduced in the former Yugoslavia. From 1971, the function of the head of state was performed by the collective Presidium of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), consisting of representatives of individual republics and autonomous districts (i.e. Vojvodina and Kosovo). The presidium was headed by Tito, who was president for life. After his death in 1980, the function of the chairman of the Presidium was held by representatives of the republic on a rotating basis. The office of the President of the Republic of Serbia was introduced by the Basic Law of 1990 (still within the framework of the functioning of the Yugoslav federation). The provisions of the Constitution define the powers of the head of state, which are characteristic of parliamentary systems. The current president is also the president of a political party, which means that his prerogatives go far beyond the provisions provided for in the constitution.
“The Harbin Diary” (1923–1924) – a Periodical of the Polish Colony in Harbin (China)
Authors: Polak Hanna Agnieszka
Published: December 2023

The article is a presentation of the periodical “Pamiętnik Harbiński” [“The Harbin Diary”], which was published in the town of Harbin in China, in the years 1923–1924. There was quite a big Polish colony, connected with eastern Chinese railway built by Russia. Its administrative center was located in the place that soon developed into an economically thriving town called Harbin, established in 1898. Fair working conditions attracted many engineers, white collar and blue collar workers, including great numbers of Poles. Their growing educational and cultural needs brought fruit in the formation of Polish organizations and associations, as well as in the development of publishing market. One of the 25 identified Polish periodical titles that were published in Harbin from the beginnings of press publishing movement in 1917 to the eradication of Polish Diaspora in 1949 was “Pamiętnik Harbiński” which, due to its characteristic profile, deserves to be analyzed in a much greater detail.
Self-Regulated Learning and Listening Achievement of Turkish EFL Learners: Does Flipped Classroom Matter After Post Pandemic Recovery
Authors: Duruk Eda , Yılmaz İrem Nur
Published: December 2023

Flipped classroom model has been an important pedagogical tool that has been widely incorporated and researched in recent years. Current studies have scrutinized the effect of the model on the achievement of language learners. The purpose of the present study is two-fold: (i) to examine whether the flipped classroom model has an impact on B1 level Turkish students attending English preparatory program at school of Foreign Languages in a state university, and (ii) to investigate if the flipped classroom model yields different results on the self-regulated learning levels of the participants. The participants of the study consist of 60 B1 level prep-class students attending B1 level Listening course, with 2 classes each including 30 students. Firstly, the students in one class were classified as control group (CG) and the ones in the other class as experimental group (EG). During the 8-week B1 module process, the listening lesson was taught with the traditional method in the CG and with the flipped classroom model (FCM) in the EG. The data were gathered through pre and post-tests of listening skills achievement exam and self-regulated learning scale. As for data analysis, mixed ANOVA analysis was used. The findings showed no significant difference on self-regulated learning levels but on listening skills achievement scores. Suggestions were discussed accordingly.
To study or Not to Study Online? Students’ Views on Distance Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Diary Study
Authors: Wysocka-Narewska Marzena
Published: December 2023

Distance learning is a type of instruction between a teacher and students separated by a physical distance where communication takes place through mediated information encompassing one or more technological media. In other words, the instruction participants stay in different places, yet take part in the same learning activities sequenced, paced and controlled by the teacher using new technologies to facilitate both the student-teacher and student-student rapport. The aim of the paper is to gain insight into this kind of learning from the perspective of university students. The sample constituted 128 students of the English Philology at the University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland. The findings of a diary study exploring the subjects’ reports on their attitudes towards online studying at the time of the COVID-19 period shows how students’ view change with an increasing infection rate, and, in fact, present the advantages and disadvantages of education during the pandemic, be it a face-to-face or remote mode. In conclusion, the question of whether to study or not to study online seems to be difficult to answer unequivocally. Though, some suggestions are given on how to improve distance education at times of university closure and lack of full participation in the process of building the academic community and identity that have been ascribed to the university construed as an indestructible social system for ages (Sowa, 2009).
Language as a Medium of Grammar Instruction: Jordanian EFL Secondary-Stage Teachers’ Beliefs and Practices
Authors: Al-Daoud Dima Mahmoud , Bataineh Ruba Fahmi
Published: December 2023

This study examines EFL teachers’ beliefs, practices, and the (mis)match between them in regard to the language used as a medium of grammar instruction. The participants are nine experienced female EFL secondary-stage Jordanian teachers. Data were collected through a mixed quantitative-qualitative descriptive-analytical approach. Teachers’ beliefs were investigated by a questionnaire, their practices via a classroom observation checklist, and the (mis)match between them was discussed during a focus group of teachers. The results showed that all teachers’ beliefs were matching their practices, a consistency that was attributed to contextual factors, students’ preferences, students’ language proficiency and teachers’ experiences as learners.
Between Chaos, Instability, Change and Antifragility. A Qualitative Study of Working Conditions and Everyday Reality of Polish Montessori Early Childhood Education Teachers
Authors: Jendza Jarosław
Published: December 2023

The aim of this article is to synthesise the results of a qualitative study on Montessori early childhood education teachers in Poland regarding the concept of meanings given to instability, chaos and change in their professional everyday life. The research was conducted among a group of thirty-five women working in kindergartens and primary schools using an individual, qualitative, semi-structured research interview, transcribed and analysed according to the procedure of phenomenography. The analysis of the outcome space made it possible to identify and describe three categories: I) change and instability as unbearable stressors, II) far from change and instability as something that is far away, III) change and instability as natural conditions for individual and organisational learning. The first category is related to conceptions of meaning that thematise instability as, something that is permanently experienced and, at the same time, something that ideally should not be experienced. This instability is primarily associated with authoritarian management styles and paternalistic treatment of teachers by employers and/or parents of children. Within the second category are narratives illustrating working conditions away from change and instability provided by the strong personalities of head teachers and authoritarian management. The third category refers to change and instability as a natural condition of the world. From this perspective, not only are they not negative, but quite the opposite. Instability and change provide opportunities for learning and at both individual and organisational levels.
Cytotoxic Study of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Cervical Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Maheswaran Harshyini , Djearamane Sinouvassane , Antony Dhanapal Anto Cordelia Tanislaus , Shing Wong Ling
Published: December 2023

The advancement of nanomedicine drugs as an outcome of nanotechnology offers tremendous potential to enhance cancer-fighting tactics. Scientists have begun studying the role of NPs in immunotherapy, an area that is particularly beneficial in treating malignancies. Conventional treatment of cancer uses medications known as chemotherapy that frequently cause adverse effects on healthy tissues. Zinc is a vital micronutrient for the well-being of humans; therefore, nanomaterials such as zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are progressively appealing as cutting-edge medical agents with implementations like anticancer properties. A bottom-up approach was utilized to chemically produce the ZnO NPs, which were characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). MTT assays have been carried out to study the cell viability percentage against multiple ZnO NPs concentrations and durations. The white ZnO NPs displayed a diverse morphology within the nanoscale range, featuring rod and spherical shapes. This synthesis was confirmed through EDX, which revealed distinct peaks corresponding to zinc and oxygen, affirming the formation of pure ZnO NPs. MTT assay data showed that ZnO NPs had a dose and time-dependent cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. This observation suggests that the ZnO NPs possess the potential to combat cancer and may hold promise for applications in biomedical research, particularly in the development of anticancer drugs.
TECENDO AMOROSIDADE EM HISTÓRIAS DE VIDA E DE MORTE
Authors: Agra Glenda , De Lima Monteiro Maria Heloyse , Barbiere Santana Tatiana , Marques Nunes Elicarlos , Mendonça Saraiva Nagashima Alynne , De Oliveira Gaudêncio Edmundo
Published: December 2023

This study aims at investigating the experiences of death Doulas in Brazil. It is a qualitative piece of research and was carried with 20 death Doulas who were trained and work in Brazil, aged between 27 and 68. The interviews were collected between June and August 2022 and were submitted to the Content Analysis technique. The testimonies were analyzed based on the relevant literature. From the speeches, it was possible to observe that death doulas are collaborators who use compassionate communication strategies in all phases of death with people who experience the end of life and their families. These Doulas act in the whole health care network and are also facilitators educating people for death. They also present some difficulties, such as the taboo of death and the lack of professional regulation, which intensify its occupational stigma. It is crucial to widen the perspective towards death Doulas, so that the visibility and importance of this profession may change the paradigm of death as a forbidden theme and make room for a look at dying well
A schematic review on multifaceted relationship between cardiovascular disease and diabetes
Authors: Sharma Hem Shanker , Shanker Sumit
Published: December 2023

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus are health conditions that are closely linked and have a significant impact, on public health systems and personal well-being. The intersection of these two conditions has generated concerns, within the healthcare field and medical research. The importance of understanding the connection, between disease and diabetes cannot be highlighted enough. Diabetes is a chief risk element to the development and progression of state such as peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery disease, and stroke. Individuals with diabetes face a 2 to 4 folds risk of experiencing events as equated to those without diabetes. This simultaneous occurrence of these two health issues has implications, for healthcare professionals, policymakers and the individuals affected by them. Despite the progress made in managing both CVD and diabetes it remains crucial to address the overlap, between these two conditions. The matter, at hand revolves around comprehending the links between these two conditions identifying effective methods, for prevention and treatment and maximizing patient care. It is crucial, for healthcare professionals, policymakers and people who have CVD or diabetes to understand how these two conditions interact with each other. In this review our goal is to present an overview of the multifaceted relationship between CVD and diabetes.
Relação entre a competência e a experiência em avaliação dos avaliadores do Sinaes
Authors: Castro Luis Carlos da Silva , Paixão Roberto Brazileiro
Published: December 2023

Este estudo busca analisar a relação entre a competência e a experiência em avaliação dos avaliadores do Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior (Sinaes). Foi feita uma pesquisa Delphi para listar as competências em avaliação consideradas mais adequadas ao contexto do Sinaes. Na sequência foi realizada uma survey para identificar a experiência em avaliação e a autoavaliação deles sobre o desenvolvimento de suas competências. Os dados empíricos evidenciaram que, em todas as dimensões teóricas de competências, quanto maior a quantidade de avaliações feitas, maior o nível de desenvolvimento dessas competências. Recomenda-se que avaliadores mais experientes trabalhem em parceria com outros menos experientes, a fim de desenvolver as competências em avaliação.
Morphometric study of stapes and its variation in Eastern Indian population
Authors: Ghosh Susmita , Saha Ritaban , Halder Subhajit , Sengupta Oyndrila
Published: December 2023

: For audiological prosthesis surgery morphometry of stapes is of utmost importance. Previous studies were mainly based on foreign and northern Indian population. Hence the present study.

: To measure the morphometric parameters of stapes and compare the same with the previous studies.

: This cross sectional observational study, performed on the ear ossicle, stapes obtained from 26 cadaveric heads. A total of (26 x 2) = 52 sets of stapes were taken out for the study. Measurements of various parameters of the ossicles were done with micrometer. Comparison among them with respect to sex, laterality and race were made. Age variation was not considered as the ossicles reach their full size at birth.

Statistically significant difference in the total height of stapes was observed between male and female ossicles, but no such disparity was found between ossicles of the two sides. Height of stapes in males (mean: 3.35mm) was found to be significantly higher (p value: 0.00001) as compared to females (mean:3.18mm) in this present study. In surgeries for otosclerosis, the stapes superstructure is removed and replaced by a prosthetic ‘piston’, the selection of which is determined by the distance between the lenticular process of incus and the footplate of stapes, which in turn corresponds to the height of stapes superstructure. This measurement is vital for a properly fit piston and thus to the outcome of the surgery in terms of hearing improvement and lack of complications like expulsion of the piston, intractable vertigo, etc. When the mean values found in this study were compared with those of previous foreign and Indian studies, some of the values were found to be similar.

: The height of stapes was shorter in our study as compared to studies based on North Indian population. These differences might point towards geographic or ethnic variations in the stapes which might call for further research work into this topic.
A prospective study of relevance of interval appendicectomy in treatment of appendicular lump
Authors: Amitav Suvendu , Mallick Sworupa Nanda , Dash Koresh Prasad , Pradhan Asiso Kumar , Malla Tapan Kumar , Swain Narendra Nath
Published: December 2023

Appendicitis is one of the most common diseases that a surgeon faces in practice. Sometimes patients may present a few days after the onset of acute appendicitis with a palpable mass a phlegmon is a type of inflammatory tumour that consists of an inflamed appendix, as well as the larger omentum and associated viscera.

To evaluate the need for interval appendicectomy in patients with appendicular lump.

The study included all patients with an appendicular mass and was put on conservative management. . Failures of resolution of mass with conservative management were taken up for appendicectomy. The patients were discharged on successful conservative management and followed up at regular intervals for 12 months. Any patient with features suggesting recurrence of acute appendicitis on follow up was admitted and taken up for appendicectomy.  All of the above information was gathered and statistically evaluated.

Out of 58 cases of appendicular mass, 3 (5.17%) were operated due to failure of resolution of mass. The remaining 55 (94.83%) cases were successfully treated conservatively and followed up regularly for 12 months. 4 (7.27%) patients were lost to follow up. 1 (1.81%) patient revealed carcinoma of caecum and underwent right hemicolectomy. The remaining 50 (86.2%) cases, from which 42 (84%) patients remained recurrence free. 8 patients (16%) had recurrent appendicitis, out of which 7 (14%) patients underwent emergency appendicectomy, 1(2%) patient developed appendicular lump and was treated non operatively.

In our study recurrence rate of acute appendicitis following resolution of appendicular mass is low (16%). So interval appendicectomy have to no longer be the rule in all patients after resolution of mass and should be reserved for patients with recurrences or with increased risk factors for recurrence.
Pediatric acute kidney injury – Prevalence, clinical spectrum and outcome in a tertiary care institute of Eastern India
Authors: Nayak Bibhu Prasad , Naik Dinesh Kumar , Das Simanta , Singh Bipsa , Behera Arati
Published: December 2023

In this study, we wanted to determine the incidence and prevalence of AKI in admitted patients of our institution in relation to their age, sex and clinical conditions. We also wanted to study the various aetiologies causing acute kidney injury in children, its severity in admitted patients, the time interval of onset of disease and onset of AKI, it’s mode of management and outcomes in children.

This study was conducted in the paediatric ward of a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India. Total 147 cases of hospitalized AKI patients were studied.

The incidence of AKI was found to be 1.27% in all hospitalized children. Maximum no. of cases were found in the age group >10 years (44.2%). Male children outnumbered female children by a ratio of 2:1. Fever (72.8%) and Oliguria/anuria (72.1%) were the most common presenting features. Pallor was the most common presenting sign in 66% followed by oedema (42.2%), encephalopathy (31.9%) and respiratory distress (16.3%). 32% of cases presented within 24hrs with an H/O oliguria/anuria and 64% in within 72hrs. Most patients were managed with conservative management (53%) but 36.7% were managed with HD and 10.3% were managed with PD.

Acute Kidney Injury cases were more common in children of age group >10 years, males being affected more. Fever and oliguria/anuria were the commonest mode of presentations with malaria as the most frequent clinical condition associated with AKI followed by sepsis. The renal type was the commonest type of AKI. There was a moderate derangement of kidney function in the majority of cases with hyperkalaemia in a significant group of patients. 47% of patients required dialytic support and case fatality was 13%. The presence of dysnatremia, hyperkalaemia, encephalopathy and shock were poor predictors of the outcome of AKI.
Role of antituberculous therapy in latent tuberculosis with ocular manifestations
Authors: Periyanayagi M , Velpandian Uma , Mohankumar Arthi
Published: December 2023

Tuberculosis is an airborne infectious illness caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and it is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Extra-pulmonary TB, often known as ocular tuberculosis, can occur alone or in conjunction with pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculosis of the eye can be caused by an active infection or a type 4 hypersensitivity reaction.

Aim: To investigate the role of antituberculous therapy in the treatment of suspected intraocular tuberculosis.

Based on a clinical diagnosis of Ocular tuberculosis, 46 patients were assessed with a chest X-ray, Mx test, and quantiferon gold assay and treated with ATT.

The results showed that out of 46 patients, 29 were females and 17 were males. There were 34 patients with B/L involvement and 12 with U/L involvement. In addition, 76 percent of individuals tested positive for tuberculin on their skin, indicating latent tuberculosis. Quantiferon gold assay was positive in 19.56 percent of patients. On X-ray chest, 17.3% of patients had a healed old tuberculosis lesion. H/O contact with TB family members was reported in 13.04 percent of patients.

All patients who had ATT therapy had a favourable outcome, with inflammation clearance and non-recurrence.
A case series of agenesis of the corpus callosum in children - Clinical and neuroimaging correlation with aspects of neuropathophysiology
Authors: Chatterjee Anirban , Bhattacharya Subham , Sinha Malay Kumar
Published: December 2023

The corpus callosum is the largest connective fiber between two hemispheres and a crucial structure for the integrated cerebral function of the normal brain. The study of agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) develops insights into neurodevelopmental delays and autism in children. 

This is a case series of eight children with ACC confirmed by a neuroimaging in a teaching hospital. The clinico-neuroradiological profile of ACC were studied retrospectively and reviewed clinical correlation with neuroradioimaging in the light of neuropathophysiology knowledge.

The study group was appeared as nonsyndromic. Every subject had a normal chromosomal study by karyotyping. These ACC patients neither had a specific recognizable syndrome nor the constellation of malformations are indicative of a disorder. 

The mean age of subjects was 21.3 months, and no predilection for gender. The global developmental delay was the most common presentation found in seven ACC (87.5%) children. The second commonest, four ACC (50%) patients, was seizure. Two ACC (25%) had colpocephaly. Five ACC children (62.5%) had somatic anomalies; four ACC (50%) patients had cardiac defects.

ACC children present a poor neurodevelopmental outcome. 

The extracallosal brain anomaly determines a worse neurological prognosis in nonsyndromic ACC. Grey matter heterotopia in neuroimaging was associated with seizure in ACC children. 

However, colpocephaly along with ACC may present with normal neurodevelopment. Hence, ACC in neuroimaging may have not predicted the final neurological outcome.

ACC children with normal karyotyping may have somatic malformations. Moreover, echocardiography can be considered an initial routine screening in nonsyndromic ACC children.
Momento óptimo para la toma de muestra de sangre para el tamiz neonatal metabólico
Authors: Vela Amieva Marcela
Published: December 2023

El tamiz neonatal metabólico es una herramienta crucial para detectar tempranamente enfermedades congénitas y su beneficio como programa de salud pública ha sido plenamente demostrado. La edad ideal para obtener la muestra de sangre del recién nacido es un punto clave para el éxito de los programas de tamiz neonatal. En muchos países desarrollados, existe actualmente una tendencia a tomar la muestra más temprano, incluso a las 24 horas de vida, lo que permite una detección más rápida y efectiva de enfermedades críticas. No obstante, tomar muestras muy tempranas puede aumentar el riesgo de falsos positivos o negativos dependiendo de la enfermedad a tamizar. En la actualidad en la mayoría de los programas de tamiz neonatal del mundo, se recomienda tomar la muestra de sangre dentro de las primeras 72 horas de vida, lo que permite una detección temprana y un tratamiento adecuado de las enfermedades metabólicas hereditarias, y con ello lograr el objetivo final del tamiz neonatal, que es la prevención de daños a la salud de los niños.
Derecho fundamental de asilo: avances y vacíos de protección en la jurisdicción constitucional de Colombia
Authors: Vanegas Herrera Laura Vanessa
Published: December 2023

En Colombia, la decisión sobre a quién se le reconoce el derecho de asilo porque corre riesgo de ser perseguido, torturado o sufrir graves vulneraciones a sus derechos humanos si regresa a su país de origen la toma el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, una autoridad administrativa perteneciente a la rama ejecutiva. Aunque el contexto migratorio colombiano de la última década convierte al asilo en un área importante en la toma de decisiones judiciales, este derecho fundamental y el rol judicial para su protección se ha estudiado poco en Colombia. Ante este panorama, este texto busca identificar los avances y vacíos de protección del derecho de asilo en la jurisprudencia de jueces constitucionales de Colombia, para lo cual desarrolla un análisis jurisprudencial, y presenta recomendaciones para su protección judicial.
Una cosa por otra: ¿ante qué remedios contractuales es eficaz la excepción de contrato no cumplido?
Authors: Castro Zurita Felipe
Published: December 2023

Existen varios remedios contractuales ante la patología del incumplimiento, como son la resolución del contrato, el cumplimiento forzoso o la indemnización de perjuicios. Por otro lado, existe una defensa oponible si el incumplimiento es recíproco, conocida como excepción de contrato no cumplido. Esta figura, entendida tradicionalmente, impide que un contratante demande el cumplimiento forzoso si no ha cumplido lo pactado o no está llano a hacerlo. El presente estudio analizó la posibilidad de oponer una excepción de contrato no cumplido para contraponer la acción indemnizatoria y la acción resolutoria. Se observó cuál es el fundamento de la excepción, para demostrar que en estado de incumplimiento recíproco puede resolverse el contrato pero no puede solicitarse una indemnización de perjuicios por incumplimiento.
Interventions to promote breastfeeding of twin infants
Authors: Ψαρρά Αγγελική
Published: December 2023

Εισαγωγή

Ο μητρικός θηλασμός αποτελεί σπουδαίος σταθμός στη ζωή του ανθρώπου. Η απόφαση μιας μητέρας να θηλάζει
το παιδί της εξαρτάται από την καθοδήγηση, εκπαίδευση και υποστήριξη που θα λάβει πριν και αμέσως μετά τον τοκετό και
κατά τις πρώτες εβδομάδες του θηλασμού. Ωστόσο, οι προσπάθειες των επαγγελματιών για τη στήριξη του θηλασμού μπορούν
να υπονομευθούν από διάφορους παράγοντες, όπως τα νοσοκομειακά στερεότυπα, η ίδια τη μητέρα και τα κοινωνικά εμπόδια.

Σκοπός

Με αυτή τη βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση γίνεται μια προσπάθεια εντοπισμού παραγόντων που επηρεάζουν τον μητρικό
θηλασμό διδύμων βρεφών, ώστε να ενισχυθεί και παροτρυνθεί η μητέρα να θηλάσει αποκλειστικά τα βρέφη της.

Αποτελέσματα

Οι μητέρες που γεννούν περισσότερα από ένα βρέφη συχνά αντιμετωπίζουν δυσκολίες στην έναρξη του
θηλασμού κατά τη διάρκεια της νοσηλείας τους και απαιτούνται κατάλληλες παρεμβάσεις και υποστήριξη. Επιπλέον η γέννηση
των διδύμων μωρών είναι σωματικά και ψυχικά πιο δύσκολή σε σύγκριση με τη μονήρη και αυτό αποτελεί παράγοντα κατά
της έναρξης του μητρικού θηλασμού.

Συμπεράσματα

Η συστηματική υποστήριξη και εκπαίδευση από τις μαίες θα διασφαλίσουν ότι η μητέρα θα αρχίσει τον
θηλασμό και την επαρκή παραγωγή γάλακτος. Τέλος, οι μαίες πρέπει να εντοπίζουν τους παράγοντες που επηρεάζουν τον
πρόωρο απογαλακτισμό των δίδυμων
Mapping the substrate-binding subsite specificity of a Porphyromonas gingivalis Tpr peptidase
Authors: Staniec Dominika , Rut Wioletta , Drag Marcin , Burmistrz Michal , Kitching Michael , Potempa Jan
Published: December 2023

Calcium-dependent peptidases of the calpain family are widespread in eukaryotes but uncommon in prokaryotes. A few bacterial calpain homologs have been discovered but none of them have been characterized in detail. Here we present an in-depth substrate specificity analysis of the bacterial calpain-like peptidase Tpr from Porphyromonas gingivalis. Using the positional scanning hybrid combinatorial substrate library method, we found that the specificity of Tpr peptidase differs substantially from the papain family of cysteine proteases, showing a strong preference for proline residues at positions P2 and P3. Such a degree of specificity indicates that this P. gingivalis cell-surface peptidase has a more sophisticated role than indiscriminate protein degradation to generate peptide nutrients, and may fulfil virulence-related functions such as immune evasion.
Application of management accounting and business performance: A literature review
Authors: Boonpenge Dr. Suphaneed
Published: December 2023

Research on the application and benefits of management accounting has been carried out by many studies from many developed and developing countries in recent decades. However, there are still limitations to the empirical evidence proving the correlation between management accounting and corporate performance. The study is based on a survey of domestic and foreign scientific documents on the application of management accounting and enterprise performance, through the method of analysis, comparison and synthesis in order to provide an overview of the relationship between management accounting application and enterprise performance. The results show the fact that traditional management accounting is widely used and still brings many benefits. In addition, there is a contradiction that shows the inconsistency in the correlation between the application of management accounting and corporate performance in many studies. In particular, studies on the application of management accounting in Thailand have mostly stopped at identifying the factors affecting the application of management accounting at enterprises but have not evaluated the business results achieved from the application of management accounting.
Relationship between Knowledge and Attitude and Community Action in Washing Eating and Drinking Utensils in Togafo Village
Authors: Sakriani  , Nurlaeli Ummi Kalsum Supardi , Ainurrahmah Said  , Hartati Rahdatia Magvira Tarafannur
Published: December 2023

Poor hygiene of eating utensils plays an important role in the growth and spread of germs and poisoning. Contamination of eating utensils can be caused by germs, poor washing processes and poor handling after the washing process. This research aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes regarding community actions in washing eating and drinking utensils in Togafo Village. The type of research used is analytical observational research using a cross sectional design. The types of data used in this research are primary and secondary data. Data analysis was carried out using univariate and bivariate methods. The results of the research showed that respondents with good knowledge (21.7%) and less knowledge (30.0%) were not much different from respondents with good actions (washing techniques) and the results of the analysis also showed that there was no significant relationship between knowledge and action. Respondents with good attitudes (16.7%) and less knowledge (44.4%) in respondents with good actions (washing techniques) are quite different and the results of the analysis also show that there is a significant relationship between knowledge and action (p value <0 .05). Advice to the public to maintain and not ignore appropriate and appropriate washing techniques, such as flushing, washing, rinsing, to avoid germs that exceed standards on eating utensils.
The Institutionalization of Shakespeare Studies in the United Kingdom
Authors: Sawyer Robert
Published: December 2023

This essay is devoted to Shakespearean criticism in the UK between 1920 and 1940. I begin by examining the origins of Shakespeare study at Oxford and Cambridge, by figures such as I. A. Richards (1929) and William Empson (1930). I follow this by looking at F. R. Leavis and his journal Scrutiny, but I also trace his influence on his fellow Cambridge colleagues highlighting instances where they collaborated, as did Caroline Spurgeon with Arthur Quiller-Couch (the latter two co-editors of the New Cambridge Shakespeare series, 1921-1966) on the famous 1921 study for the British Board of Education entitled “The Teaching of English in England”—also referred to as The Newbolt Report, after the chairman of the committee, Sir Henry Newbolt.
Turkish Shakespeare Studies: An Origins Story
Authors: Öğütcü Murat
Published: December 2023

Shakespeare is among the most important non-Turkish authors in Turkey and has become an indispensable part of the theatre repertory and the educational curricula. Yet, the origins of Shakespeare studies have a complicated legacy dating back to the imperialistic motivations of foreign schools in Ottoman Turkey. However, starting with the republican period, Shakespeare productions and studies were utilised to spread the progressive reforms of the republic that were maintained through the theatres and the various universities primarily set in Istanbul and in Ankara. Accordingly, this article will explore the origins of the academic study of Shakespeare in Turkey.
“Not For An Age, But For All Time:” Autobiography and a Re-origin of Shakespeare Studies in Canada
Authors: Solá Chagas Lima Eduardo , Thompson Julie
Published: December 2023

Despite independence as a country, Canada belongs to the Commonwealth and has deep colonial roots and the British educational system was key in creating Canadian curricula. Given the centrality of Shakespeare’s work in the British literary canon, it follows that it would also figure heavily in the academic requirements for Canadian students. At the dawn of the Confederation (1867), the high school curriculum used Shakespeare to emphasize a “humanist” approach to English literature using the traditional teaching methods of reading, rhetoric, and recitation. Presently, Shakespeare continues to be the only author in the high school curriculum to whom an independent area of study is dedicated. The origin of Shakespeare in Canada through curriculum and instruction is, thus, a result from the canonic tradition imported from Britain.

This traditional model no longer fits the imperative of multiculturalism, as reflected in the Canadian Constitution Act (1982). Yet, with the appropriate methodology Shakespeare’s texts can be a vehicle for multiculturalism, social justice, and inclusivity. In light of recent disillusionments concerning the relevance of Shakespearean texts in high school curricula, this paper proposes an alternative pedagogical approach that envisages changing this paradigm and fostering a re-origin of Shakespeare studies in Canada through an intentional pedagogical process grounded in individual experience.

Scholarship has highlighted the importance of autobiographies in the learning process and curriculum theorists William Pinar and Madeleine Grumet designed a framework that prioritizes individual experience. Our approach to teaching Shakespeare’s works aligns with the four steps of their currere method, presented as: (1) contemplative, (2) translational, (3) experiential, and (4) reconceptual, fostering an opportunity for self-transformation through trans-historical social themes present in the text.

The central argument is that Shakespeare’s text can undergo a re-origin when lived, given its initial conception as embodied, enacted narrative in the early modern period. In this method, students immerse themselves in Shakespeare’s text through films and stage productions and then manifest their interpretations by embodying the literature based on their autobiographical narratives. To undergo a re-origin in the Canadian secondary curriculum, current pedagogical approaches to teaching Shakespeare require a paradigm shift.
Philantrophy in Education of Religious Tolerance in Kurikulum Merdeka at Elementary School Temanggung District
Authors: Utomo Sigit Tri , Ridwan Muhammad , Amirudin Yoyok , Nida Dzikrina Khoirun , Yusuf Ahmad , Tamama Muna Badru
Published: December 2023

The multicultural Indonesian nation consisting of various tribes, languages, ethnicities, cultures, and religions must uphold tolerance education. including the implementation of the "Kurikulum Merdeka" in educational units in schools. Various cases of religious intolerance show a lack of voluntary action through an understanding of the treatment of volunteerism for social purposes through love (philanthropy) in the form of acts of generosity (compassion). This paper discusses the Philanthropy of Religious Tolerance Education in the Implementation of the "Kurikulum Merdeka" at Al-Kautsar Elementary School and Pangudi Utami Elementary School.This research qualitative field research with a data collection approach through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques in this study are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of the study show that philanthropy is always closely related to things that are engaged in charity or are closely related to material elements. This narrow view is currently beginning to erode, especially with the increasing interest of school students in philanthropic activities which are closely related to the behavior of those who do them out of concern. The meaning of philanthropy is expanding and developing. Philanthropic activities are increasingly organized and directed. During modern currents, forms of philanthropy emerge in society, one of which is philanthropy in implementing “Kurikulum Merdeka” with two different schools with students from Pangudi Utami Catholic Elementary School and Al Kautsar Islamic Elementary School.
Diseases affecting barley: net blotches
Authors:   Curtin University, Australia, Ellwood Simon R. , Wallwork Hugh ,   South Australian  Research and Development Institute, Australia
Published: December 2023

This chapter reviews the current knowledge of spot form and net form of net blotch of barley with an emphasis on recent genetic studies and their contribution to our understanding of the range of host-pathogen genetic interactions. Principal differences between the two forms of the disease are explained together with common cultural control methods. An example of a practical approach in breeding for durable resistance in South Australia is provided, and we discuss what such experience and genetic studies imply for successful breeding strategies for stable resistance.
Structural features of Precambrian formations of Subpolar and Polar Urals: comparative analysis
Authors: Potapov I. , Popvasev K. , Pystin Alexander
Published: December 2023

The structural features of the rocks of the Precambrian section of the Subpolar (upper reaches of the Kozhim River) and Polar Urals (Kharbey River basin) have been studied. We revealed that the structural appearance of the formations under consideration resulted from several stages of deformation. The Precambrian of these regions is characterized by deformations and accompanying metamorphic transformations of rocks in the Early Proterozoic, associated with orogenic processes resulting from the unification of Volga-Uralia and Sarmatia and later with the development of the timanides and uralides. We found markers of an earlier stage of structural-metamorphic transformation of rocks (possibly Late Archean) in the Polar Urals.
The acceptability and feasibility of a cognitive behavioural therapy managing emotions group on a male psychiatric intensive care unit: a mixed methods evaluation
Authors: Davies Meghan , Pipkin Alastair
Published: December 2023

Research suggests that the provision of psychological interventions within acute inpatient settings is effective and important for improving clinical outcomes. There remains limited research on the application of such interventions for individuals admitted to psychiatric intensive care
units (PICU), and notably none for male-only PICU environments specifically. Two published protocols have been evaluated in female and mixed gender PICU settings, one a cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) anger management group and one dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) skills group. No studies
have reported on a general CBT-based group in a male PICU. This study aimed to assess the acceptability and feasibility of a CBT-based managing emotions skills group, delivered in brief 30-minute sessions, within a 7-bed male PICU. All individuals admitted to the PICU during the study period
were invited to attend a five-session group. A mixed methods design was used incorporating measuring attendance and retention, a pre–post quasi-experimental design and a qualitative component. Pre- and post-group self-report outcome measures of calmness, anxiety, recovery, and qualitative
feedback were gathered and analysed. Pre- and post-outcome measures demonstrate significant improvements in calmness and reduction in anxiety following attendance. Attendance, retention and qualitative feedback data suggests that the group was acceptable and feasible for the participants.
Initial findings suggest that adapted CBT skills group-based interventions tailored to the male PICU population are acceptable, feasible, and beneficial to participants. The clinical and research implications are discussed.
Studying anxiety, communication skills and cognitive processes in gifted children
Authors:   Derzhavin Tambov State University, Yureva Tatiana V. , Davydova Yulia S. ,   Derzhavin Tambov State University, Strachkova Maria V. ,   Derzhavin Tambov State University
Published: December 2023

The research purpose is to study children's anxiety, communication skills and cognitive processes (memory, thinking) of gifted children in various directions – scientific, creative, sports. The research used: questionnaire for collecting general information, M.I. Rozhkov’s methodology “Diagnostics of communication formation as interaction of younger schoolchildren” for assessing sociability, “10 words” for memory diagnostics. Methods for studying thinking were: “Exclusion of excess”, ‘Identification of essential features”. The CMAS (The Children's Form of Manifest Anxiety Scale) was used to diagnose anxiety. The research sample consists of gifted children aged 10 to 18 years. The education level of respondents is not homogeneous, schoolchildren and college students took part in the study. As a result of the data obtained by the research group, conclusions can be drawn about the mental state of gifted children. High results in the development of cognitive processes were obtained during the analysis of the methods “10 words”, “Exclusion of words”, “Identification of essential features”. Mainly the average level of sociability is noted according to the results of the methodology of M.I. Rozhkov. The method of diagnosing the level of anxiety CMAS showed predominantly normal and somewhat elevated levels of anxiety among respondents. In the future it is planned to create correctional programs for psychological support of gifted children of different age categories, education levels and orientations. This research enables to create a psychological portrait of a gifted child and identify the main issues that can be solved with the help of psychological support and correction.