bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Имплицитное и эксплицитное усвоение новых слов: схожая эффективность, но разные механизмы?
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Perikova Ekaterina I. , Filippova Margarita G. ,   Saint Petersburg State University, Gnedykh Daria S. ,   Saint Petersburg State University, Makarova Daria N. ,   Saint Petersburg State University, Shcherbakova Olga V. ,   Saint Petersburg State University, Shtyrov Yury ,   Aarhus University
Published: July 2023

Two language learning strategies have been described as common in both children and adults: fast mapping (FM), which promotes learning from context, and explicit encoding (EE), which is provided through direct instruction. Pre vious functional neuroimaging studies in adult learners have suggested differential neural mechanisms underlying these two major cognitive strategies, with some limited evidence in support of such differences also found in behavioural experiments. Nevertheless, the exact nature of these differences remains underinvestigated. Our goal was to explore putative differential effects of EE and FM strategies on the acquisition of novel words, with a focus on scrutinising the quality of recognition of newly learnt items. In two experiments, participants (total sample size = 82) learned 18 novel words presented ten times each in a word-picture association paradigm using EE and FM conditions. Learning outcomes were assessed immediately after the training using a recognition task. In both experiments, we found no differences in either the accuracy or the reaction time of word recognition between FM and EE conditions, which suggests similar behavioural efficiency of both strategies. However, we found a negative correlation between reaction time and response accuracy in recognising the words learned through EE, with no similar effects for FM, which indicates qualitative differences in underlying memory traces formed via these two acquisition modes. These results can be seen to imply that people tend to use information acquired through EE more confidently than that acquired through FM.
The Impact of the Emotional Rating of the Ambiguous Logos on its Figure-Ground Aftereffect
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Filippova Margarita G. , Dorofeeva Liliya A. ,   Saint Petersburg State University
Published: July 2023

The study aims to investigate the impact of emotions on the aftereffect of the figure and ground of ambiguous images, the logos. Forty participants who took part in the experiment were asked to distribute ten logos according to the degree of attractiveness, five of which were unambiguous, and five were ambiguous, containing explicit and hidden meanings. At the next stage, the participants made a choice in favor of one of the six proposed names of products that could potentially be produced by a company represented by one of the ten logos they had previously evaluated. Product names could be associated with the explicit meaning of the logo (figure), with its hidden meaning (ground), and also could not be associated with the logo. The aftereffect of figure and ground was assessed by the frequency of choice by the participants of the names, which, according to them, corresponded to the products of the firms represented by the logos. The consequences of two theories regarding the aftereffect of the figure and ground of ambiguous logos were tested depending on their emotional ratings. The results of the study confirm the account of negative choice by V.M. Alla khverdov, according to which the aftereffect of the figure is always positive, but the aftereffect of the ground changes situationally, and is not consistent with the conception of the impact of emotions on the primacy of the global or local, suggesting a differently directed aftereffect of the figure and the ground. It is shown that the factor that determines the aftereffect of the ground can be the emotional attitude of a participant to the logo itself (with positive aftereffect when the attitude is positive, and with a negative one when the attitude is negative), while emotional ratings do not engage the aftereffect of the figure.
Comparison of Product Information for COVID-19 Treatments Marketing Authorized or Emergency Use Approved in Korea
Authors:   The Pharmaceutical Society Of Korea, Choi Min Joung , Seo Hyun Ok , Doh Hea Jeong , Kim Younglim , Choi Kyoung Suk , Park Younjoo , Seo Kyung Won , Joung Jeewon , Kim Ji Yeon , Park In Suk , Lee Wonjae , Ki Sung Hwan
Published: July 2023

In a situation where the development of various treatments is urgently needed to overcome the global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the sequential emergence of new variant viruses, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) made tremendous efforts to promptly supply the safe and effective therapeutics manufactured by local and global companies through accelerated marketing authorization or emergency use approvals. To date, seven products (including overlapped) have received marketing authorization or emergency use approvals from MFDS, and their indicated patient group according to the severity, efficacy, and safety information are different by each products. Therefore, this study is to compare the product information and the major clinical outcomes obtained from clinical studies of COVID-19 treatments authorized or approved for emergency use in Korea and to introduce the MFDS’s efforts for establishment of accelerated approval system for COVID-19 treatment and development of relevant guidelines. It is hoped that this study will serve as a reference for the latecomers who is preparing the development of therapeutics for emerging infectious diseases in the future.
TEC Genetic Polymorphism is Associated with TNF-α Inhibitor Treatment Response in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors:   The Pharmaceutical Society Of Korea, Kim Jun Hyeob , Kim Woorim , Gil Jin Yeon , Min Kyung Hyun , Han Ji Min , Lee Kyung Eun
Published: July 2023

Numerous genetic and clinical factors influence the progression of rheumatoid arthritis and treatment response. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with different treatment responses in TNF-α inhibitor users. This study aimed to determine if Tec protein tyrosine kinase (TEC), which belongs to the Tec family of non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases, is associated with treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. RA patients from three university hospitals were recruited, and clinical data were collected from electronic medical records. One hundred fourteen patients treated with TNF-α inhibitor were included in the analysis. SNP-response associations were evaluated using logistic regression. Among the five SNPs analyzed, rs1472971 and rs11727166 were statistically significant genetic factors of TNF-α inhibitor treatment response. This study provides genetic evidence that TEC polymorphism can be a prognostic marker in treating RA patients.
Fernando DURÁN LÓPEZ y Ana Isabel MARTÍN-PUYA (eds.), «Torres Villarroel y los almanaques. Literatura, astrología y sociedad en el siglo XVIII», Madrid, Visor Libros, 2022, 679 págs.
Authors: Sánchez Espinosa Gabriel
Published: July 2023

Sin resumen.
Nota preliminar. La historia de las ideas económicas en la Ilustración: investigaciones actuales en memoria del Dr. Ernest Lluch i Martín
Authors: Cervera Ferri Pablo
Published: July 2023

Sin resumen.
Publicar, traducir, reeditar. Bibliometría de la literatura económica española (1701-1800)
Authors: Sarasa Aznar Clara
Published: July 2023

En este artículo se exponen los resultados de una primera aproximación bibliométrica a la literatura económica española del siglo XVIII, realizada tras la confección de una nueva base de datos que contiene información relativa a más de mil volúmenes exentos publicados entre 1701 y 1800. Los resultados verifican la tendencia general intuida, pero muestran anomalías que se pueden relacionar coyunturalmente con la intensidad y la duración de los debates económicos sobre algunos hitos de la Ilustración española. Conocer qué, cuánto y cuándo se publicó, se reeditó y se tradujo resulta fundamental para contrastar ciertos tópicos persistentes que consideran que el pensamiento económico español fue mimético y atrasado. De este modo, se pretende sentar las bases para un debate documentado y abrir nuevas líneas de investigación basadas en un análisis bibliométrico sistemático.
Analysis and Forecast of Patent Trends in Unmanned Delivery Robot Technology: Focusing on Last-Mile Delivery Technology
Authors:   The Korean Logistics Research Association, Kim Tae-Men , Choi Bo-Na , Park Chan-Jeong
Published: July 2023

With the advent of the untact era due to COVID-19, demand in the existing online market and the courier and logistics industry is accelerating. At the same time, the problem of decreasing available labor force due to decreasing population growth rate and aging is growing, causing difficulties due to labor shortage. In this paper, we examine the patent application trends of unmanned delivery systems by country, technology, and major applicants, and identify the degree of patent activity of major companies through index analysis. To this end, we analyzed domestic and foreign patents on unmanned delivery robot technology filed up to July 2021, and classified them according to the technology classification system to present the outlook of unmanned delivery technology. The analysis showed that robots, drones, and unmanned delivery boxes, which combine IoT technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution based on last-mile delivery technology, are expanding their scope of use. In addition, the development of cooperative delivery services combining robots and drones is expected, and the differentiation of delivery costs between rapid delivery by drones and regular delivery by robots is expected. This paper is expected to raise awareness of unmanned delivery technology among related companies and researchers, and to serve as a reference for future research and development for efficient last-mile delivery
A Study on the Optimization of Reverse Logistics Network in China's Automotive Industry: Focusing on Abandoned Cars in China
Authors:   The Korean Logistics Research Association, Nan Meng-fei , Cui Yao , Zhang Meng-ze
Published: July 2023

Reverse logistics network design is a strategic level of decision-making, and the recovery process of abandoned vehicles is inseparable from the support of a complete reverse logistics network. Against the backdrop of the green economy and the circular economy, this study designed a waste vehicle reverse logistics network under two constraints: carbon tax policy and carbon transaction market policy, respectively, and established a multi-purpose mixed integer linear plan model to minimize carbon emissions and costs. In addition, using a Chinese automobile manufacturer as an example, the results of the model of maximizing economic effects (i.e., minimizing costs) and maximizing environmental effects by conducting case verification and using lingo 11.0 are as follows.
First, the cost of transportation using pure electric vehicles under the same carbon emission policy is lower than using fuel cars.
Second, under the two carbon policies, carbon trading policies have a better emission reduction effect and lower network operating costs.
Third, we found that transactional carbon constraints help companies reduce costs and reduce carbon emissions, and help shape long-term, even image-oriented, corporate behavior.
By analyzing the optimization of China's waste vehicle reverse logistics network, this study promotes the sustainable and sound development of Chinese waste vehicle recovery companies and realizes the double benefits of the economic environment. There is a certain significance in the research and practice of developing reverse logistics activities in academia
The Low-Carbon Economy as an Institutional Project: Challenges and ObjectivesMargarita V. Kurbatova
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Kurbatova Margarita V. , Pyzhev Anton I. ,   Siberian Federal University,   Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering
Published: July 2023

The article considers the process of creating new laws in the sphere of ecological regulation in connection with the climate change to be the means of shaping new institutional structures that can potentially transform the behavior of economic actors and the directions of resource flows. The problem statement and goal setting for the institutional design of the climate-environment agenda are scrutinized in the article. Scientific and political-economic foundations for choosing the direction of the global community's response to the threats of climate change and the corresponding institutional changes are highlighted in this research. The mechanisms of sustainable development priorities transformation towards the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions through the transition to renewable energy sources are demonstrated in the paper. The concept of the low-carbon economy associated with the carbon-neutral constraints on economic activity is described in the paper in details. The author offers the project of institutional transformation that implies the creation of new institutions for a global response to climate change threats. The measures for ensuring the mild adaptation of economic actors to the new type of ecological constraints are also elaborated. According to the authors, one of the most significant challenges of climate change lies in the creation and simultaneous existence of overlapping institutional projects at the global and national levels. Given the inevitability of climate change, the measures ensuring the adaptation of the economy and society to the consequences of ecological changes should be prioritized. It is recommended to intensify the formation of the institutional project in line with the national interest of creating a competitive advantage for the Russian economy.
¿Y, para qué enseñar lengua indígena?
Authors: Reyes Rojo Griselda
Published: July 2023

En el artículo se interpreta la experiencia de formación vivida por seis docentes en el nivel básico de educación indígena en el Estado de México, a través del análisis de los discursos y enunciaciones sobre la identidad, la lengua originaria, el valor de la cultura y el sentido que le otorgan a propuestas educativas como la que apuesta por la interculturalidad. El método de estudio en torno a las entrevistas realizadas fue el análisis crítico del discurso. De esta manera, se propuso escuchar las subjetivaciones que los docentes construyen de sus experiencias, pues como agentes se encuentran atravesados por su historia, la de sus padres y sus abuelos, su situación económica y un conjunto de “capitales” que los ubica en un espacio y tiempo determinados (Bourdieu, 2005). Además, se reflexionó sobre tales subjetivaciones dentro del marco de las reformas a la educación mexicana que aspiran a orientarse por el enfoque de la interculturalidad crítica, la cual está pensada como una forma de abatir el racismo estructural, la discriminación y el rezago educativo desde la reivindicación de la cultura indígena, lo que requiere un proceso de escucha y diálogo, e incluso de desahogo, con el ánimo de pensar nuevas prácticas en la educación de los contextos diversos.
De la Creación de Múltiples Lenguajes al Lenguaje para la Multiplicidad
Authors: Barón Velandia Benjamín , Cancino Peña Juan Simón
Published: July 2023

The article is the result of the investigative process "Discrimination in teacher-student verbal communication based on the person's living conditions", which aims to describe and understand the forms of discrimination in this type of communication in cases of disability and Afro-descendency in two educational institutions in Bogotá. Methodologically, the text is part of qualitative research with an interpretive approach, using semi-structured narrative interviews to capture testimonies and reflections, establishing synchronicity between the voices of the interviewees - teachers and students who relate discriminatory experiences - and the researching teachers.
Estrategias de gerencia de aula en la calidad académica en el área de comunicación
Authors: Agurto Castillo César Martín , Romero Nuñez Ernestina de Fátima , Agurto Romero César Alexander
Published: July 2023

The objective of the study is to achieve academic quality in sixth-grade students of Primary School No. 14786 "Fray Martin De Porres" through classroom management strategies. Specific objectives: diagnose academic quality in student communication, develop classroom management strategies and their validation. Hypothesis test: if classroom management strategies based on constructivism, dramatization, and leadership are developed and validated, the academic quality of student communication will improve. We worked with 39 students, used a sample of 35 students, and diagnosed them using mixed methods to confirm the problem. To test the effect in the experimental group, two questionnaires were administered using a Likert scale. It is concluded that classroom management strategies provide pedagogy with the necessary tools to achieve professional quality.
La cuestión social en Alexis de Tocqueville
Authors: Usategui Basozabal Elisa
Published: July 2023

Una mirada a los análisis tocquevillianos de la cuestión social nos enfrenta una vez más a un autor paradójico, contradictorio y difícil de clasificar. Por una parte, su cuestionamiento de la caridad legal, del intervencionismo del Estado, de la inclusión del derecho al trabajo en los ordenamientos constitucionales, su defensa del derecho de propiedad y del libre comercio y de la competencia le entronca con los planteamientos liberales. Pero, por otra parte, su desconfianza en la armonización de intereses en el ámbito económico, su descripción de un capitalismo sometido y atenazado inexorablemente por crisis comerciales e industriales crónicas, su visión de una clase obrera explotada y alienada por las propias indeterminaciones del mercado y por una burguesía sin escrúpulos, le aleja considerablemente del liberalismo económico clásico. Tocqueville quiere trascender los límites que su época le marca entre un liberalismo económico para el cual la intervención del Estado nunca es saludable ni deseable, y un socialismo que reclama la presencia constante y permanente del Estado. Para Tocqueville, en la sociedad democrática, caracterizada por un alto grado de individualismo, el Estado debe asegurar la solidaridad con vistas al interés general y, al mismo tiempo, favorecer el protagonismo de la sociedad civil.
Crisis competitiva y efecto contagio: La introducción de las primarias para la selección de líderes en España
Authors: Villaplana Jiménez F. Ramón
Published: July 2023

En este artículo abordamos las posibles explicaciones a los cambios en los modelos de procesos de selección de líder de los partidos políticos españoles, que se concentran en un breve periodo de cuatro años, entre los veranos de 2014 y de 2018. Desde un enfoque histórico-empírico, analizamos el comportamiento de los cuatro principales partidos del sistema para ese periodo, considerando que estos incorporan innovaciones organizativas para mejorar su rendimiento electoral. La crisis competitiva se propone como causa de la introducción de las primarias en los cuatro casos, aunque menos grave en el de Ciudadanos. Esta se identifica observando los altos niveles de superposición ideológica de las dos parejas de partidos (PSOE-Podemos y PP-Ciudadanos) y el posible impacto de otros tres factores. La información recabada sobre los cuatro partidos se complementa con entrevistas a dirigentes destacados de los partidos durante el periodo de estudio. Finalmente, se considera plausible el efecto contagio en los casos de Ciudadanos y PP, una vez que los otros dos grandes partidos ya han celebrado primarias.
Optimizing the Anticancer Effect of Doxil Using Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling
Authors: Ma Cherong , Guo Zekai , Liang Zhiyin , Wang Virgia
Published: July 2023

Liposomal Dox, Doxil, enhances the antitumor effect of Doxorubicin by increasing its delivery ability to tumors. Therefore, quantitative studies on the relationship between the antitumor effect and liposomal characteristics will help to optimize the clinical application of Doxil in cancer treatment. Herein, we develop a physiological model to compute the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Doxil, to calculate the time course of free Dox in the tumor space and linked this with a cell-killing kinetic model to quantify its anticancer effect. In this research, the two models utilize parametric figures of drug transportation in anatomical compartments, including plasma, capillary, interstitial, and tumor cells, to simulate the relationships between intravenously injected Dox and Doxil. Furthermore, simulations are performed to discuss the relationship between the anticancer effect and physicochemical properties, by comparing pharmacological parameters of Doxil.
Feeding Value of Fermented Duckweed Meal (Lemna minor Linn.) as a Plant Protein Components in the Formulated Diets of Free- Range Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus Linn.)
Authors: Paguia Hermogenes M. , Pinsel Jesus Rex A. , Paguia Rina Q. , Abuan Abigail G. , Zabala Steve D. , Corpuz Mark Nell C. , Rodis Gregorio J.
Published: July 2023

The present study evaluates the growth performance and hematological attribute of experimental free-range chicken, Gallus gallus domesticus Linn. (Black Australorp x Barred Plymouth Rock) fed formulated diets of fermented and non-fermented duckweed meal (Lemna minor Linn.). Three isonitrogenous formulated treatment diets are prepared: 0% duckweed (control), 10% Fermented Duckweed Meal (FDM), and 10% Duckweed Meal (DM) inclusions. Five chickens (mean weight = 202.5 g) per replicate are used in a three-month feeding trial under single factorial experiment. Chickens fed FDM diet have significantly (P < 0.05) higher mean final weight (1,182.8 ± 42.13 g) as compared to those fed DM diet (1,070.4 ± 84.61 g). The mean final weight of control and FDM is significantly homogenous (P > 0.05). Variation in feed conversion ratio among treatments is significant, with the highest mean value being observed in DM (5.85 ± 0.52). The average daily gain in weight is higher in DM and is comparable with the control (P > 0.05). Treatment diets have no significant effect on the observed hematological variables.
Assessment of Methane Emissions from Dairy Cattle Production in Selected Case Studies in Thailand
Authors: Thu Phoo Pwint Pwint , Am-In Nutthee , Kittipongvises Suthirat
Published: July 2023

Thailand’s agriculture sector both cultivation and livestock has played a vital role in driving economic growth. Globally, livestock production is estimated to contribute about 18% of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. Despite its importance, there is a relative lack of research on GHGs assessment in livestock sector in Thailand. The aim of this research was to estimate GHGs emissions from dairy cattle production in selected farm cases in Saraburi and Ratchaburi provinces of Thailand. The 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories was applied in this research. Methane (CH4) emissions from the enteric fermentation and manure management from dairy cattle farms in Saraburi and Ratchaburi are in the range of 2.73 – kg 15.67 kg CO2 eq. Methane emission from enteric fermentation was higher than those from manure management. Therefore, it is necessary for farm managers and related stakeholders to properly manage and focus on the feedstuffs and herd managements including genetic systems and farms to lower methane emissions.
Variation of Quality Parameters of Total Mixed Ration Recipe Briquettes with Extended Storage Period
Authors: Karunanayaka Wishma M. , Nayananjalie Deepthi , Somasiri Sharini C. , Kumari Amali P. , Adikari Jayantha B. , Weerasingha Viraj R. , Wimalasiri Sumudu S.
Published: July 2023

Six dried Total Mixed Ration (TMR) recipes were formulated according to Completely Randomized Design and pressed into briquettes to enhance the keeping quality. All briquettes were stored for 6 months and each was analysed for physical parameters, nutrient composition and shelf life. The interaction (period x treatment) effect was not significant in nutrients except for crude protein and ash contents. It was also not significant in shelf life parameters; yeast and mould counts and total plate counts in the recipe briquettes during six months period. There was no significant interaction effect on colour parameters; lightness (l*) and yellowness (b*) however, it was higher (p<0.05) for redness. The interaction effect was significant (p<0.05) for weight- and height-loss of the TMR briquettes. Thus, these TMR recipe briquettes could be stored for up to six months without any deleterious effect on physical, nutritive- and keeping quality parameters.
Reducing the Prevalence of Diabetes in Mauritius through a Food Systems Transformation
Authors: Anthony M. S. Bénédicte
Published: July 2023

The diabetes epidemic is affecting many of our societies and isolated Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are particularly vulnerable as compared to countries on continental lands. Overweight and obesity rates are prevalent in those net food importing SIDS, so much so that diabetes and other Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) are leading causes of death. The ease of access to cheap fast foods and ultra-processed products mean that items of lower nutritive value are more popular among populations. At the same time, our sedentary lifestyles trigger a decrease in physical activity to maintain a healthy weight. The effects of climate change, the socio-economic crises nurtured by the COVID-19 pandemic and the knock-on effects of the war in Ukraine only made a dire situation worse. Food shortages and rising food and fuel prices mean that the less financially able have more limited food choices, to the detriment of healthy eating habits. Against such a background, what are the solutions SIDS have put in place to alleviate the impacts of the food and nutrition crises? This paper provides a commentary on Mauritian initiatives to transform food systems, encourage local production of fruit and vegetables and reduce imports of ultra-processed foods. With the various crises we face signalling an impetus for change, agriculture and nutrition can be clients for transformation towards a healthier consumption of local and nutritious produce.
Evaluation Study for 12 Projects Financed by the ProAdapt Facility
Authors:   Technopolis
Published: July 2023

This report is the final deliverable developed by Technopolis Group and Global Factor in the context of the “Evaluation study of 12 projects financed by the ProAdapt Facility”. ProAdapt Facility was launched in 2013 by the IDBs Multilateral Investment Fund (MIF), now IDB Lab, and the Nordic Development Fund (NDF). The main objectives of the Facility were to support climate resilience in MSMEs and the local communities where they operate and to foster business and investment opportunities for private-sector resilience solutions. In addition, the program supported the creation of new capacities and tools and the development of business models to achieve climate resilience. The IDB Lab approved 12 technical cooperation projects in 13 member countries for a total contribution of US$11.52 million (including MIF and NDF funding). In addition, US$16.56 million was leveraged as counterpart funding from executing agencies and project partners. Overall, the funding for ProAdapt Facility amounted to a total of US$28.08 million. The project portfolio was approved gradually between 2013 and 2019, and its implementation ended in March 2022. The distribution of the operation portfolio by focus areas is as follows: five projects were related to access to basic services and green growth; three to inclusive cities; two to accessing markets and capabilities; and one to smart agriculture. This report provides information on the benefits and the achievement of results for and across the different projects. It also reports on the effectiveness of the ProAdapt Facility in promoting the dissemination of the results achieved. The results of the evaluation are mainly based on in-depth studies of 10 of the planned projects. For the remaining two projects, in-depth studies were not conducted as one was cancelled before it started, and the other concerned the generation of knowledge products. In addition, the evaluation included a study that benchmarks ProAdapts intervention against those of external climate funds and highlights relevant lessons learned that might be useful for the design of future climate funds at the IDB.
El futuro del trabajo en América Latina y el Caribe: ¿cómo avanzar hacia pensiones sostenibles para sociedades más longevas?
Authors: Cuéllar Ekaterina , Gamboa Daniel , García-Huitrón Manuel , Tapia Troncoso Waldo
Published: July 2023

Esta edición de la serie El futuro del trabajo en América Latina y el Caribe analiza los retos y posibilidades que surgen para los sistemas de pensiones de la región ante el envejecimiento poblacional, los avances tecnológicos, el cambio climático y los cambios en los mercados laborales. Diferentes estudios prevén que hacia 2050 la región se caracterizará por una baja natalidad y una mayor longevidad, un escenario que puede comprometer la capacidad de garantizar pensiones adecuadas y sostenibles, a menos de que se pongan en marcha reformas que adapten a los sistemas de pensiones a esas tendencias. No obstante, estas mismas tendencias ofrecen oportunidades: la tecnología, por ejemplo, puede facilitar la integración de grupos normalmente excluidos del sistema de pensiones y mejorar la eficiencia operativa de las instituciones pensionales. Este documento insta a las autoridades y tomadores de decisiones de América Latina y el Caribe a repensar la jubilación y a considerar el envejecimiento no como un obstáculo, sino como un catalizador para crear sociedades más prósperas y justas. Para ello, es esencial un enfoque integral de reformas que trascienda la estructura de los sistemas de pensiones, e incorpore experiencias de otros países más avanzados en el proceso de envejecimiento. Las políticas públicas deben centrarse en cuatro áreas clave: (i) cuidado de la salud y la dependencia en la vejez; (ii) mercados laborales, formalización, acumulación y actualización del capital humano; (iii) pensiones; e (iv) innovación institucional y transformación digital. Esta visión estratégica será fundamental para forjar un futuro en el que la jubilación sea sinónimo de dignidad, prosperidad y equidad.
The Views of H. Campbell-Bannerman and the Liberal-Radical Fraction in the Period of the Liberals in Opposition on Issues of the English-German Containment and the Colonial Struggle in the End of the 19th - Beginning of the 20th Century
Authors: Boyko Oleg O.
Published: July 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the activities of politicians of the radical faction of the Liberal Party and their direct role in the development of the foreign policy of Great Britain in the late 19th - early 20th century. The author analyzes the causes and conditions that influenced the polarization of opinions within the radical faction of the Liberal Party during the period when the liberals were in opposition to state policy abroad. The study is based on a wide range of sources: memoirs of participants of the events, public speeches of election campaigns, materials of private correspondence of significant political figures in the UK. The defeat of the liberal party in the elections in 1895 led to its internal split. The liberal-imperialists began to actively support the foreign policy of the Conservative government, believing that such a policy would enable Britain to regain power in the world. There was no consensus within the radical faction. Some politicians belong-ing to it sought to solve problems peacefully, relying on the ideas described in the philosophy of “new liberalism”. Other major politicians, such as D. Kimberley and C. Dilk, believed that calls for peace would be viewed in a negative light. Others strove to act according to circumstances. Thus, by 1903-1904, the radical faction still lacked a constructive program and alternative policy in colonial and European affairs.
Pre-Revolutionary Historians About the Peasantry of the Catherine's Time: The Beginning of the Study of the Problem
Authors: Glazunova Elizaveta E.
Published: July 2023

The theme of the history of the peasantry in Russia under Catherine II began to be actively studied in Russian historiography from the middle of the 18th century. In the works of I.D. Belyaev and V.I. Semevsky the research was conducted in the light of historical social and economic analysis. Since the beginning of the 20th century in the works of V.O. Kluchevsky, V.A. Myakotin in the study of history of Russian public thought by G.V. Plekhanov, this approach has bin supplemented by analysis in the light of cultural-historical approach. Russian History course of V.O. Kluchevsky and work of G.V. Plekhanov marked the beginning of the historical and anthropological approach, with the identification of such a cultural and historical type as an enlightened Russian nobleman of Catherine's time, which was formed under the influence of assimilation of the external manifestation of the culture of Enlightenment and serfdom. The study of the problem by pre-revolutionary historians opened up prospects for its further study.
Don Enlightenment: Origins and Birth of Socio-Cultural Phenomenon (mid-16th - early 19th century)
Authors: Kislitsyna Inna G.
Published: July 2023

The origins and prerequisites of the spread of Russian literacy and written culture on the Cossack Don of the 16th-17th centuries are investigated. The opinion is formulated that they got to the Don through established communication channels between them and Moscow and became known no later than 1549, when it was first mentioned in the chronicle. It is shown that along with the first centers of Orthodoxy, the Cossack military offices were the original centers of Russian literacy on the medieval Cossack Don, which was a feature of this region. The belated appearance of the first spiritual and secular educational institutions testifies to the stadium lag in this respect of the Cossack Don from central Russia. The legal status of the Latin Seminary, the parish schools of the Ministry of Public Education, as opposed to the church-parish schools of the Synod, the personality of the first director of the Small and Main Public Schools, the estate Cossack character of the oldest in the South of Russia Novocherkassk gymnasium are determined. The birth of the phenomenon of the Don enlightenment is estimated as a qualitative leap in the history of the Cossack Don, which occurred in the middle of the 18th century and determined its subsequent progressive development. It is shown that, differing in great originality, the Don enlightenment was originally inscribed in the all-Russian educational space and developed according to its laws.
Életútinterjú Dr. Utassy Lászlóval
Authors: Gárdos Judit , Vajda Róza , Utassy László
Published: July 2023

A közelmúlt biztosítástörténetének mind teljesebb feltárása és bemutatása érdekében a MABISZ elhatározta, hogy létrehozza a biztosítástörténeti Oral History Archívumot az elmúlt évtizedek kiváló szakembereivel, vezetőivel készített, filmre rögzített ún. életútinterjúk anyagából, amely elsősorban kutatási, másodsorban kommunikációs célokat szolgál. A Biztosítás és Kockázat Szerkesztősége úgy döntött, hogy az Oral History anyagaiból ‒ „Életutak” címmel ‒ az interjúk rövidített és szerkesztett változatát rendszeresen közreadja. Mostani interjúalanyunk dr. Utassy László, aki biztosítói pályafutását az Állami Biztosítónál kezdte 1978-ban (később ÁB-AEGON Biztosító). 1996 és 2008 között az OTP Garancia Biztosító elnök-vezérigazgatója volt. Jelenleg a Merkantil Bank elnök-vezérigazgatója.
Gépi tanulási módszerek lehetséges biztosítási alkalmazása : Keresztértékesítési lehetőségek feltérképezése
Authors: Csőke Marcell
Published: July 2023

Jelen tanulmány célja olyan értékesítést támogató modellek létrehozása, amelyekkel feltárhatjuk azon szegmenseket egy biztosító meglévő kötelező gépjármű-felelősségbiztosítás állományából, amelyekre nagyobb valószínűséggel történhet sikeres casco-keresztértékesítés. Az így kapott modellek valamelyikének gyakorlatban való alkalmazása lehetővé teszi, hogy hatékonyan feldolgozható címanyagot állítsunk elő a biztosító egy értékesítési csatornája számára. A modellezés során négy modelltípus kerül illesztésre: logisztikus regresszió, egy döntésifa-alapú ensemble-modell, támaszvektor-gép és neurális hálózat. Értékelésük a pontosság mellett az időtényezőt is figyelembe véve történik. Végül a kapott modelleredmények értelmezésén túl a gyakorlati felhasználhatóságukra és továbbfejlesztési lehetőségeikre is kitérek. A publikáció alapját a BCE-ELTE Biztosítási és pénzügyi matematika mesterszakon írt szakdolgozatom jelenti.
Combustion Characteristics of a Novel Ammonia Combustor equipped with Stratified Injection for Low Emissions
Authors: Mashruk Syed , Alnasif Ali , Yu Chunkan , Thatcher James , Rudman James , Peronski Lukasz , Meng-Choung Chiong , Valera-Medina Agustin
Published: July 2023

Ammonia – a carbon-free fuel- is being considered by various research groups and organizations as a potential alternative fuel to tackle some global warming issues of the 21st century. However, ammonia faces some challenges as a fuel, particularly, the production of unwanted NOx and unburned ammonia traces at the back end of combustion systems accompanied by unstable flame regimes. Therefore, new concepts are currently being developed to address these challenges whilst also providing stable, high-power operation. This work presents a newly designed stratified combustion system for gas turbines capable of operating with both premixed and stratified modes. The system has been initially evaluated using these two modes employing solely hydrogen and ammonia. Increase of hydrogen stratification resulted in the reduction of NO and NO2, while N2O slightly increased due to the reduction of fuel in the premixed system. Further tests were conducted to evaluate the potential of the systems to replace fossil fuels. Previous work done using methane as the fuel-to-be-replaced has shown interesting trends in terms of emissions and stability. Thus, to progress on the subject, the work conducted here attempted propane/ammonia/hydrogen using this innovative strategy. Results denoted how stratification has a strong impact on NOx production at the flame front, whilst the mechanism of flame stabilization of the new burner enables large operability regions under a great variety of fuel combinations. Strategic injection setups were identified, whilst the best propane/ammonia/hydrogen blends for stability and emissions reduction are also detailed for further implementation in larger systems.
The Acoustic Response of Hydrogen/Ammonia Flames
Authors: Duarte Nunes Catarina , Morgans Aimee
Published: July 2023

Ammonia is a carbon-free fuel which could be used in gas turbines. Ammonia’s potential as a fuel can be improved when mixed with hydrogen. However, this could cause an increased propensity to thermoacoustic oscillations in the combustor. The acoustic response of hydrogen/ammonia flames was evaluated by calculating the flame transfer functions (FTFs). A local level set approach, combined with an incompressible velocity perturbation model, was used to calculate the flame front response to different frequencies of acoustic oscillations. The unsteady heat release rate was calculated from the flame front surface area, obtained by solving the G-equation, thereby calculating the gain and phase of the FTF. The unstretched flame speed, was obtained from experimental values and two chemical kinetic models: CRECK-NH3 and GRI-Mech3.0. The models’ accuracy was assessed by comparing the modelled to experimental values from literature. CRECK-NH3 was fitter for ammonia/hydrogen modelling, as it was always within 12% of experimental values, compared to GRI-Mech3.0 which always differed by over 35%. The FTFs suggested an increase in hydrogen enrichment led to an increase in the flame acoustic response, as the gain drop off occurred at a higher frequency with higher hydrogen content. The flame acts as a low-pass filter to acoustic waves and the bandwidth of this filter (the frequency at which the gain drops off) increases with hydrogen content. This was due to higher flame speeds with higher hydrogen content. These FTFs were also compared to those of hydrogen/methane flames and the non-linear response was briefly analysed.
Underwater barrier deformation and destruction in the high-explosive and shaped charges blast
Authors: Ladov S.V.
Published: July 2023

The paper considers specifics in deformation and destruction of the axisymmetric steel plate rigidly fixed in a cylindrical matrix with a sealed air cavity placed in water and exposed to impact of the high-explosive and shaped charges blast. Results of experimental study of the barrier through destruction depending on the center of mass of the explosive charge distance to the barrier and its thickness under separate action of high-explosive, cumulative and combined action of the cumulative high-explosive underwater blast are presented. On the basis of metallographic analysis, the barrier destruction mechanism is presented by formation and development of the rupture main macro-cracks associated with the edge of the hole from the cumulative jet action.
Results of experimental study of the thermal processes at forced convection of the MS-20 engine aviation oil
Authors: Altunin V.A. , Lvov M.V. , Yusupov A.A. , Shchigolev A.A. , Pukachev I.R. , Yanovskaya M.L.
Published: July 2023

The paper presents results of experimental study of the thermal processes under conditions of the MS-20 aviation engine oil forced convection in the annular channel with internal heating. Thermal and other problems of the aircraft piston and jet engines oil systems are disclosed, the goal is set, and the tasks of this article are provided. Brief information about the experimental setup and the working sections, the methodology for conducting experimental studies and the operating parameters are given. The paper provides graphs of primary and secondary processing of the obtained experimental materials on heat transfer in regard to the MS-20 oil at various operating parameters for pressure, pumping rate and heat flux density. It analyzes alterations in the wall temperature of the heated working tube, as well as the heat transfer coefficient of the MS-20 aviation engine oil depending on heat flux density, pressure and oil pumping rate in the annular channel. Generalizing dependences of the Nusselt number on the oil pumping rate and on the Reynolds number are shown and analyzed at various heat flux densities and pressures. It was experimentally established that at the temperature of the working section outer wall of 373 K and below, no carbon deposits was forming on it, which confirmed the theory of G.F. Bolshakov on temperature dependence of the sedimentation process in the hydrocarbon liquids. Based on this, authors of the article developed a new method for preventing sludge formation in the aviation motor oils and averting sludge appearance on the heated metal surfaces in the oil volume. Experimental study results became a launching pad for further research in heat transfer intensification to the aircraft engine oils and preventing sludge formation in the aircraft engines using the electrostatic fields. That would be published in the following articles by the authors in this journal.
El Inca Garcilaso
Authors: Miró Quesada S. Aurelio
Published: July 2023

Aurelio Miro Quesada Sosa es uno de los más brillantes y constantes investigadores de la vida y obra del Inca Garcilaso. Libros, ensayos, conferencias, cursos universitarios, marcan su amorosa dedicación al mestizo cusqueño. El presente libro aumenta nuevos datos y constituye la biografía más completa del Inca.
Las hipotecas territoriales del Perú
Authors: Morelli Pando Jorge
Published: July 2023

Este estudio se divide en cuatro grandes capítulos. El primero denominado "Territorio y Espacios", está referido al análisis de la ubicación geopolítica de América del Sur y la ubicación concreta del Perú en dicho espacio. Se analiza así la configuración geográfica del Perú, su espacio marítimo, el espacio aéreo y su relación con las regiones fronterizas. El segundo capítulo "Relaciones del Perú con el Ecuador", aborda extensamente lo referente al tema de las relaciones bilaterales de estos países, complementando este estudio dos anexos, referidos a la convergencia de las políticas exteriores de ambos países en foros internacionales y al Convenio Puyango-Tumbes y Catamayo-Chira. El tercer capítulo. "Proyección Internacional de la Mediterraneidad de Bolivia", es un estudio de las relaciones bilaterales del Perú con este país y su relación con Chile, en tanto éstas se vieron afectadas por el Tratado de 1904; complementando este capítulo un anexo destinado a analizar los convenios de Ilo. Por último, el cuarto capítulo, aborda el tema de los "Gastos Militares en el Nuevo Orden Internacional", analizando los nuevos conceptos de seguridad continental y latinoamericana, con especial referencia al caso peruano.
Elementos de análisis numérico : algoritmos y aplicaciones
Authors: Chainskaia de Velarde Liudmila , Doig Camino Elizabeth
Published: July 2023

Este libro ha sido escrito como resultado de la experiencia adquirida durante la enseñanza de cursos sobre métodos numéricos para estudiantes de Ciencias e Ingeniería. El libro presenta los conceptos teóricos fundamentales de los temas del Análisis Numérico y va acompañado de los algoritmos y programas en Pascal correspondientes. Con el fin de facilitar el entendimiento de estos conceptos fundamentales añadimos el apéndice A, como un repaso de los resultados básicos del cálculo; así mismo para aquellos lectores que tengan interés en profundizar algunos temas, se les dan las referencias bibliográficas apropiadas. Este libro podrá ser usado por un estudiante a nivel de pregrado, con conocimientos básicos de análisis matemático.
Linaje, dote y poder : la nobleza de Lima de 1700 a 1850
Authors: Rizo-Patrón Boylan Paul
Published: July 2023

Esta obra contribuye al conocimiento de un aspecto de nuestra historia poco atendido en el Perú de las últimas décadas. El sector superior de la sociedad limeña es analizado durante el período del reinado en España de la Casa de Borbón y en los primeros años republicanos. Se pone de relieve la importancia del prestigio familiar, social, económico y político y de los mecanismos para alcanzarlo y consolidarlo.
Reforma política : para consolidar el régimen democrático
Authors: Pease García Henry
Published: July 2023

En el Perú, el reinicio del régimen democrático generó grandes expectativas en la población y en las instituciones. Sin embargo, este periodo de estabilización democrática no ha alcanzado los resultados esperados. A pesar de la disminución de los índices de pobreza y el desarrollo económico actuales, una alarmante desigualdad aún subsiste para la mayor parte de la población. Reforma política, de Henry Pease García, busca reafirmar un régimen democrático que permita mejores condiciones para la mayoría. Plantea modificaciones puntuales con relación al sistema electoral, medidas para fortalecer a los partidos políticos e importantes reformas al sitema de gobierno, entre otras. Resalta, además, la importancia de la responsabilidad de nuestros representantes en la consolidación de una verdadera democracia representativa, así como la urgencia de mecanismos que incluyan en dicha democracia a los sectores empobrecidos de nuestro territorio.