bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New 3‐Nitroimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine Derivatives by SRN1 Reactions.
Authors: Szabo Remi , Crozet Maxime D. , Vanelle Patrice
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclocondensation of Unsymmetrical Perfluoroalkyl‐Substituted β‐Diketones with Urea, Thiourea, and Guanidine.
Authors: Popova L. M. , Ginak A. I.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Carbamate Derivatives of 2,3‐Dihydro‐4H‐1,4‐benzoxazine.
Authors: Velikorodov A. V. , Imasheva N. M.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A 4‐Aminobenzoic Acid Derivative as Novel Lead for Selective Inhibitors of Multidrug Resistance‐Associated Proteins.
Authors: Leyers Stefan , Haecker Hans‐Georg , Wiendlocha Jeanette , Guetschow Michael , Wiese Michael
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diphosphites Derived from 1,3:1′,3′‐Di‐O‐benzylidenedipentaerythritol—Key Synthons for New Types of Phosphorus‐Containing Compounds.
Authors: Predvoditelev D. A. , Malenkovskaya M. A. , Nifant'ev E. E.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of Novel 7‐Phosphonylbenzyl‐2‐Substituted Pyrazolo[4,3e]‐1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐c]pyrimidine Derivatives.
Authors: Xiao Lin‐Xia , Li Ke , Meng Liu , Shi De‐Qing
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of 2‐(Dimethylaminomethylidene)‐6‐methoxynaphtho[1,8‐bc]pyran‐3‐one.
Authors: Golyanskaya O. M. , Voloshin N. A. , Chernyshev A. V. , Dubonosov A. D. , Metelitsa A. V. , Mezheritskii V. V. , Bren' V. A.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Molecular Rearrangement in the Alkylation of Phenol with Camphene.
Authors: Chukicheva I. Yu. , Spirikhin L. V. , Kuchin A. V.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Norditerpenoid Alkaloids from Aconitum septentrionale K
Authors: Khairitdinova E. D. , Tsyrlina E. M. , Spirikhin L. V. , Balandina A. A. , Latypov Sh. K. , Yunusov M. S.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oct‐2‐en‐4‐ynoyl‐CoA as a Specific Inhibitor of Acyl‐CoA Oxidase.
Authors: Zeng Jia , Wu Long , Zhang Xiaojian , Liu Yuandong , Deng Guisheng , Li Ding
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palaeophytochemical Constituents from the Miocene‐Fossil Wood of Picea likiangensis in Xun‐Dian of Yunnan, China.
Authors: Zhao You‐Xing , Luo Jian‐Rong , Li Cheng‐Sen , Yi Tie‐Mei , Zhou Jun
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on Soraphen A: Synthesis of the C1—C9 Hemiketal Segment.
Authors: Park Se Hwan , Lee Hyo Won
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Pyridone Analogues of Territrem B.
Authors: Yang Yinghua , Sun Lianli , Dong Shengyi , Wang Xiaoyu , Yang Leixiang , Wu Xiumei , Bai Hua , Zhao Yu
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery and Synthesis of Novel N‐Cyanopyrazolidine and N‐Cyanohexahydropyridazine Derivatives as Cathepsin Inhibitors.
Authors: Song Jong Hwan , Kim Sun Gi , No Zae Sung , Hyun Young‐Lan , Jeon Dong Ju , Kim Ikyon
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Freight Train of Nanotubes for Cargo Transport on the Nanoscale
Authors: Burghard Marko
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mean Amplitudes of Vibration of Molecules and Ions with Interhalogen Bonds and Related Species
Authors: Baran Enrique J.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Low‐Valent Group 14 Hydrides
Authors: Rivard Eric , Power Philip P.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocalixaromatics, New Generation Macrocyclic Host Molecules in Supramolecular Chemistry
Authors: Wang Mei‐Xiang
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzoheteropines with Fused Pyrrole, Furan and Thiophene Rings
Authors: Tymoshenko D. O.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hunter—Killer Peptide (HKP) for Targeted Therapy
Authors: Ellerby H. Michael , Bredesen Dale E. , Fujimura Satoshi , John Varghese
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Supported Liquid‐Phase Systems in Transition Metal Catalysis
Authors: Perosa Alvise , Zinovyev Sergei
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes
Authors: Escher I. , Glorius F.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Arenecarbaldehydes: Synthesis by C—X Bond Formation
Authors: Berkenbusch T.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Arenecarbaldehydes: Synthesis by C—C Bond Formation
Authors: Oestreich M.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Arenecarbaldehydes: Synthesis by Hydrolysis of Aldehyde Derivatives
Authors: Ditrich K.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Group‐Theoretical Approaches in Molecular Magnetism: Metal Clusters
Authors: Tsukerblat Boris
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Heme‐Copper Oxidases and Their Electron Donors in Cyanobacterial Respiratory Electron Transport
Authors: Bernroitner Margit , Zamocky Marcel , Pairer Martin , Furtmueller Paul G. , Peschek Guenter A. , Obinger Christian
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc‐Handling in Cyanobacteria: An Update
Authors: Blindauer Claudia A.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal‐ and Fast‐Spectrum Molten Salt Reactors for Actinide Burning and Fuel Production
Authors: Forsberg Charles W.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
NG2 cells are distinct from neurogenic cells in the postnatal mouse subventricular zone
Authors: Komitova Mila , Zhu Xiaoqin , Serwanski David R. , Nishiyama Akiko
Published: December 2008

NG2 cells express the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan NG2 and are a fourth type of glia distinct from astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. NG2 cells generate oligodendrocytes but have also been reported to represent neuronal progenitor cells in the postnatal mouse subventricular zone (SVZ). We performed a detailed immunohistochemical analysis of NG2 cells in the mouse SVZ, rostral migratory stream (RMS), and olfactory bulb granule cell layer (OB GCL), which constitute a neurogenic niche in the postnatal forebrain. NG2 cells in the SVZ and RMS expressed the oligodendrocyte precursor cell antigen platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐α but did not express antigens known to be expressed by neuronogenic cells in the SVZ, such as doublecortin, PSA‐NCAM, beta‐tubulin, Dlx2, or GFAP. More than 99.5% of the proliferating cells in the SVZ were NG2 negative. In the olfactory bulb, NG2 cells were found to generate primarily oligodendrocytes and a small number of astrocytes but not neurons. In the SVZ and RMS, NG2 cells were sparse and made up a much smaller fraction of the cells compared with the surrounding nonneurogenic parenchyma. Parenchymal NG2 cells were often located along the border of the SVZ and RMS. The abundance of NG2 cells increased in the distal parts of the RMS and especially in the OB GCL, where NG2 cell processes were seen in close proximity to many maturing interneurons. Our findings indicate that NG2 cells do not represent neuronal progenitor cells in the postnatal SVZ but are likely to be oligodendrocyte precursor cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 512:702–716, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Single‐Molecule Perspective on the Role of Solvent Hydrogen Bonds in Protein Folding and Chemical Reactions
Authors: Dougan Lorna , Koti Ainavarapu Sri Rama , Genchev Georgi , Lu Hui , Fernandez Julio M.
Published: December 2008

We present an array of force spectroscopy experiments that aim to identify the role of solvent hydrogen bonds in protein folding and chemical reactions at the single‐molecule level. In our experiments we control the strength of hydrogen bonds in the solvent environment by substituting water (H2O) with deuterium oxide (D2O). Using a combination of force protocols, we demonstrate that protein unfolding, protein collapse, protein folding and a chemical reaction are affected in different ways by substituting H2O with D2O. We find that D2O molecules form an integral part of the unfolding transition structure of the immunoglobulin module of human cardiac titin, I27. Strikingly, we find that D2O is a worse solvent than H2O for the protein I27, in direct contrast with the behaviour of simple hydrocarbons. We measure the effect of substituting H2O with D2O on the force dependent rate of reduction of a disulphide bond engineered within a single protein. Altogether, these experiments provide new information on the nature of the underlying interactions in protein folding and chemical reactions and demonstrate the power of single‐molecule techniques to identify the changes induced by a small change in hydrogen bond strength.
Bioinformatics and computational approaches applicable to lipidomics
Authors: Orešič Matej
Published: December 2008

Lipidomics owes its emergence to technologies developed over the past decade that empowered us with the ability to detect and quantify hundreds of intact lipid molecular species in parallel. One of the biggest current challenges of lipidomics is the elucidation of important pathobiological phenomena from the integration of large amounts of new data becoming available. In this respect, development of lipidomics as a field bears many similarities to the emergence and progress of genomics. Initial excitement over the ability to measure the expression of large numbers of genes in parallel was soon overshadowed by concerns over the ability to reliably analyze and interpret the expression data. This led to active research in the area of bioinformatics, which led to improved statistical methods as well as to new approaches for the analysis of transcriptome data in the pathway context. This review covers recent bioinformatics developments of relevance to analysis and interpretation of analytical lipidomics data, with the focus primarily on practical aspects of lipid bioinformatics.
Association between subjective memory complaints and nursing home placement: a four‐year follow‐up
Authors: Waldorff Frans Boch , Siersma Volkert , Waldemar Gunhild
Published: December 2008

Objective

In order to evaluate whether elderly persons with subjective memory complaints may be regarded as a group of potentially vulnerable patients who need close follow‐up, we investigated the risk of nursing home placement during a 4‐year follow‐up period.

Methods

Prospective cohort survey with 4‐year follow‐up in general practice. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the influence of risk factors on nursing home placement.

Results

A total 758 non‐nursing home residents aged 65 years and older consulted the General Practitioners in October and November 2002 of whom 50 nursing home placements were observed. Subjective memory complaints were associated with an adjusted Hazard Ratio (HR) of 2.59 for nursing home placement. Other statistical significant covariates were MMSE < 24 (HR = 3.95), Age (HR = 3.92 for 75–84 years and HR = 19.90 for 85 + years) and extreme anxiety/depression (HR = 4.74). The effect of subjective memory complaints is seen to moderate when subjects are older.

Conclusion

The data of this study indicated that in an elderly primary care population the presence of subjective memory complaints was a significant independent predictor for nursing home placement together with other known risk factors. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amygdalae morphometry in late‐life depression
Authors: Tamburo Robert J. , Siegle Greg J. , Stetten George D. , Cois C. Aaron , Butters Meryl A. , Reynolds III Charles F. , Aizenstein Howard J.
Published: December 2008

Objective

The amygdalae have been a focus of mood disorder research due to their key role in processing emotional information. It has been long known that depressed individuals demonstrate impaired functional performance while engaged in emotional tasks. The structural basis for these functional differences has been investigated via volumetric analysis with mixed findings. In this study, we examined the morphometric basis for these functional changes in late‐life depression (LLD) by analyzing both the size and shape of the amygdalae with the hypothesis that shape differences may be apparent even when overall volume differences are inconsistent.

Methods

Magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 11 healthy, elderly individuals and 14 depressed, elderly individuals. Amygdalar size was quantified by computing total volume and amygdalar shape was quantified with a shape analysis method that we have developed.

Results

No significant volumetric differences were found for either amygdala. Nevertheless, localized regions of significant shape variation were detected for the left and right amygdalae. The most significant difference was contraction (LLD subjects as compared to control subjects) in a region typically associated with the basolateral nucleus, which plays a key role in emotion recognition in neurobiologic models of depression.

Conclusions

In this LLD study, we have shown that, despite insignificant amygdalar volumetric findings, variations of amygdalar shape can be detected and localized. With further investigation, morphometric analysis of various brain structures may help elucidate the neurobiology associated with LLD and other mood disorders. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diabetes mellitus and risk of prostate cancer in the health professionals follow‐up study
Authors: Kasper Jocelyn S. , Liu Yan , Giovannucci Edward
Published: December 2008

History of diabetes may be associated with decreased prostate cancer (PCa) risk. Published studies have not always accounted for time since diabetes diagnosis or confounding and effect modification by lifestyle factors. The authors investigated the relationship between diabetes and PCa risk in men in the Health Professionals Follow‐Up Study from 1986 to 2004. During that time, 4,511 new PCa cases were identified. Multivariate hazard ratios (HR) were estimated using Cox regression. The HR of PCa comparing men with vs. without diabetes was 0.83 and 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.74, 0.94. PCa risk was not reduced in the first year after diabetes diagnosis (HR: 1.30, CI: 0.97, 1.72), was lower for men diagnosed for 1–6 years (HR: 0.82, CI: 0.66, 1.02), and was even lower for men who had been diagnosed for 6–15 (HR: 0.75, CI: 0.61, 0.93) or >15 years (HR: 0.78, CI: 0.63, 0.96). Reduced PCa risk was stronger in men diagnosed before 1994 (pre‐PSA era) vs. after 1994. The authors also demonstrated that obese and diabetic men had a lower HR for PCa than those who were either not obese and diabetic or obese and non‐diabetic. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that diabetes is associated with reduced PCa risk. Potential biological mechanisms are discussed. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PDGF‐B induces a homogeneous class of oligodendrogliomas from embryonic neural progenitors
Authors: Appolloni Irene , Calzolari Filippo , Tutucci Evelina , Caviglia Sara , Terrile Marta , Corte Giorgio , Malatesta Paolo
Published: December 2008

We describe the generation of mouse gliomas following the overexpression of PDGF‐B in embryonic neural progenitors. Our histopathological, immunohistochemical and genome‐wide expression analyses revealed a surprising uniformity among PDGF‐B induced tumors, despite they were generated by transducing a highly heterogeneous population of progenitor cells known for their ability to produce all the cell types of the central nervous system. Comparison of our microarray data with published gene expression data sets for many different murine neural cell types revealed a closest correlation between our tumor cells and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, confirming definitively that PDGF‐B‐induced gliomas are pure oligodendrogliomas. Importantly, we show that this uniformity is likely due to the ability of PDGF‐B overexpression to respecify competent embryonic neural precursors toward the oligodendroglial lineage, providing evidence that the transforming activity of PDGF‐B is influenced by the developmental potential of the targeted cells. Interestingly, we found that PDGF‐B‐induced tumors harbor different proliferating cell populations. However only PDGF‐B‐overexpressing cells are tumorigenic, indicating that paracrine signaling from the tumor is unable to transform bystander cells. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hematopoietic stem cell differentiation affects expression and function of MRP4 (ABCC4), a transport protein for signaling molecules and drugs
Authors: Oevermann Lena , Scheitz Jan , Starke Katharina , Köck Kathleen , Kiefer Thomas , Dölken Gottfried , Nießen Juliane , Greinacher Andreas , Siegmund Werner , Zygmunt Marek , Kroemer Heyo K. , Jedlitschky Gabriele , Ritter Christoph A.
Published: December 2008

Several types of peripheral blood cells express ABC transporters. ABCC4 (MRP4) and ABCC5 (MRP5) localize to different cellular sites and fulfill lineage‐specific functions such as mediator storage in platelets' dense granules. All mature blood cells originate from the same precursor and specific functionalities arise during differentiation. To characterize this process, expression, localization and function of MRP4 and MRP5 were assessed in differentiating human CD34+ progenitors and leukemia cell lines using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunofluorescence microscopy and cell viability assays. Median MRP4 mRNA copy numbers were significantly enhanced by megakaryocytic differentiation from 7.9 × 103 to 5.8 × 104 copies per nanograms of total RNA (p < 0.05) in CD34+ progenitors and in M‐07e cells (MRP4 mRNA/18S rRNA ratios: 5.4 ± 3.8 × 10−4 vs. 2.7 ± 0.9 × 10−3 for native and differentiated cells, respectively, p < 0.05), and MRP4 protein was localized to granular structures and to the plasma membrane both in differentiated progenitors and bone marrow megakaryocytes. In contrast, expression of MRP4 decreased during maturation to leukocytes (MRP4 mRNA/18S rRNA ratios: 5.2 × 10−3 for native vs. 3.5 × 10−3 for CD34+ cells in the presence of G‐CSF, p < 0.05) and was significantly reduced in mature monocytes and granulocytes compared with progenitors (MRP4 mRNA/18S rRNA ratios: 8.1 ± 5.4 × 10−5 and 2.8 ± 1.6 × 10−4 vs. 1.2 ± 0.7 × 10−3, respectively, p < 0.05). Expression of MRP5 was not significantly altered under all differentiation conditions. These results indicate that MRP4 expression is differentially regulated during hematopoiesis. The increase of MRP4 together with its specific localization during differentiation toward megakaryocytes supports the concept of platelet specific functions whereas decreased transporter expression in leukocyte differentiation may have implications for chemotherapy. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
All‐trans‐retinoic acid alters Smads expression in embryonic neural tissue of mice
Authors: Zhang Juntao , Li Rong , He Quanren , Li Wan‐I. , Niu Bo , Cheng Niuliang , Zhou Ran , Zhang Ting , Zheng Xiaoying , Xie Jun
Published: December 2008

Retinoic acid can cause malformations of the developing nervous system. Smad signaling is involved in embryonic development. The current study investigated all‐trans‐retinoic acid (ATRA)‐induced alteration of Smad expression in the developing neural tubes of mice. Pregnant mice were treated with a single dose of 50 mg/kg ATRA by oral gavage on embryonic day (E) 7. Western immunoblotting was used to examine Smads proteins, particularly phosphorylated (p‐) Smad1, total Smad1 and Smad6 in the neural tissue of the embryos on E8–E11 following treatment. Results showed that ATRA treatment significantly increased expression of both p‐Smad1 and total Smad1, while Smad6 was decreased in neural tissues of ATRA‐exposed embryos in utero from E8 to E11, a critical period for neural tube formation. Data suggest that disruption of Smad signaling may be involved in ATRA‐induced neural tube defects. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antioxidant responses and metal accumulation in tissues of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus under Zn, Cd and Zn + Cd exposures
Authors: Fırat Özgür , Çogun Hikmet Y. , Aslanyavrusu Sabahattin , Kargın Ferit
Published: December 2008

We investigated the effects of Zn, Cd and a Zn + Cd mixture on antioxidant parameters and metal accumulation in Oreochromis niloticus. Fish were exposed to 0.5 and 5.0 mg l−1 Zn, 0.1 and 1.0 mg l−1 Cd, and 0.5 mg l−1 Zn + 0.1 mg l−1 Cd and 5.0 mg l−1 Zn + 1.0 mg l−1 Cd mixtures for 7 and 28 days to determine Zn and Cd accumulation, reduced glutathione (GSH) level and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity in gill and liver. There was increasing accumulation of the metals in the tissues with increasing concentrations of metals in the exposure medium and with increasing duration of exposure (except at the lower concentration of Zn). Concentration of metals in the tissues of fish exposed to the Zn + Cd combination were significantly lower than in fish exposed to the single metal. The highest metal accumulation was observed in the liver. Exposure to the heavy metals affected the antioxidant parameters in the tissues, with both GSH level and G6PD activity in the gill and liver being increased under Zn, Cd and Zn + Cd exposures, especially in their higher concentrations. These increases in the antioxidant responses were higher with the Cd alone, and in combination with Zn, than with Zn alone. Furthermore, GSH level and G6PD activity increased with increasing exposure period only for Cd alone, and in Cd combination with Zn. The results indicate that O. niloticus resisted oxidative stress induced by heavy metal exposure by antioxidant mechanisms. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Capillary GC using pyridyl β‐cyclodextrin stationary phase
Authors: Shen Gangyi , Cui Jian , Yang Xinling , Ling Yun
Published: December 2008

A new β‐CD derivative, heptakis [2,6‐di‐O‐pentyl‐3‐O‐(4′‐chloro‐5′‐pyridylmethyl)]‐β‐CD, was synthesized by the selective introduction of a pyridyl group on the 3‐positions of β‐CD. The chromatographic properties of the pyridyl β‐CD derivative were studied by using it as the stationary phase in capillary GC. The polarity of the prepared stationary phase was moderate, and the separation results demonstrated that the prepared stationary phase possessed excellent separation ability and chiral recognition for a wide range of analytes. Not only the aromatic positional isomers, such as o‐, m‐, p‐xylene and α‐, β‐naphthol isomers, but also some compounds with multi‐stereogenic centers, such as n‐(1‐methylpropyl)‐3‐(2,2‐dichloroethenyl)‐2,2‐dimethylcyclopropanecarboxamide and n‐(1‐methylpropyl)‐3‐(2‐chloro‐3,3,3‐trifluoropropenyl)‐2,2‐dimethylcyclopropanecarboxamide with three stereogenic centers including eight configurational isomers, were successfully separated. The results also indicated that the polarity of the β‐CD derivative, and the hydrogen bonding between the β‐CD derivative, and the analytes had a very important effect on separation.
Predictions of large stress reversals in true triaxial tests on cross‐anisotropic sand
Authors: Gutta Suresh K. , Yamamuro Jerry A. , Lade Poul V.
Published: December 2008

A rotational kinematic hardening constitutive model with the capability of predicting the behavior of soil during three‐dimensional stress reversals has been developed. An existing elasto‐plastic constitutive model, the Single Hardening Model, utilizing isotropic hardening serves as the basic framework in these formulations. The framework of the kinematic hardening model was discussed in a companion paper. The previously proposed cross‐anisotropic Single Hardening Model is added to the present kinematic hardening mechanism to capture inherent anisotropy of sands in addition to the stress reversals. This model involves 13 parameters, which can be determined from simple laboratory experiments, such as isotropic compression, drained triaxial compression and triaxial extension tests. The results from a series of true triaxial tests with large three‐dimensional stress reversals performed on medium dense cross‐anisotropic Santa Monica Beach sand are employed for comparison with predictions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heart rate variability: An objective measure of autonomic activity and bladder sensations during urodynamics
Authors: Mehnert Ulrich , Knapp Peter A. , Mueller Nicole , Reitz André , Schurch Brigitte
Published: December 2008

Aims

There are still controversies regarding the reproducibility of cystometric data and no objective measurement of bladder sensations is currently available. Additionally, very little information exists about autonomic activity during standard filling cystometry (FC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of heart rate variability (HRV) analysis as a reliable monitor of the autonomic nervous system and objective measure for bladder sensations during FC.

Methods

In a volunteer sample of healthy female subjects a standard FC at 25 ml/min was performed, using an 8 Fr microtip catheter with integrated pressure transducers. During FC, subjects had to indicate first sensation of filling (FSF), first desire to void (FDV) and strong desire to void (SDV). A 3‐lead electrocardiogram was continuously recorded. After 5 h all measurements were repeated. Power spectrum analysis was used to analyse HRV, to obtain low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) parameters, from which the LF/HF ratio was derived.

Results

12 subjects with a mean age of 23.3 ± 2.3 years could be included. 11 of 12 subjects completed both measurement sessions. One subjects had to be excluded, due to irritating urethral discomfort following catheterisation. The LF/HF ratio showed a reproducible activation pattern in the healthy subjects with a stable sympathovagal balance until FDV. Before SDV was indicated, the sympathovagal balance started to shift towards sympathetic activation and caused a significant increase in LF/HF.

Conclusion

HRV analysis seems to be a useful indicator for the general activation pattern of the sympathovagal balance during FC, correlating the intensity of the bladder filling sensation to stress and sympathetic activation. Neurourol. Urodynam. 28:313–319, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intracranial hemorrhage in childhood immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Choudhary Dharma R. , Naithani Rahul , Mahapatra M. , Kumar Rajat , Mishra Pravas , Saxena Renu
Published: December 2008

We retrospectively analyzed 750 patients with ITP for development of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Seventeen cases with age range of 10 months to 18 years were studied. Ten patients were of acute ITP and seven had chronic ITP. Nine patients developed ICH one month after the onset of ITP and five patients had ICH on presentation. ICH was precipitated by trauma in four patients and possibly the use of NSAIDs in one patient. Median platelets counts at the time of ICH were 12 × 109/L (range 2–50 × 109/L). Most patients were treated with corticosteroids. Four patients (24%) died due to ICH. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:529–531. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fatal hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in X‐linked chronic granulomatous disease associated with a perforin gene variant
Authors: van Montfrans Joris M. , Rudd Eva , van de Corput Lisette , Henter Jan‐Inge , Nikkels Peter , Wulffraat Nico , Boelens Jaap J.
Published: December 2008

A patient with previously unrecognized X‐linked chronic granulomatous disease (X‐CGD) died of multi‐organ failure, secondary to ongoing infection and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Post mortem histological investigations were compatible with X‐CGD, and a CYBB gene mutation was confirmed. No homozygous mutations in the genes encoding perforin (PRF1), MUNC 13‐4 or syntaxin‐11 (STX11) were found; however, there was a heterozygous alteration c.1471G>A in the PRF1 gene causing a p.Asp491Asn substitution. Although this substitution has not been reported to cause primary or secondary HLH, we speculate that it may have made the patient more susceptible for HLH under the circumstances of ongoing infection associated with X‐CGD. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:527–529. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Systematic comparison of the human saliva and plasma proteomes
Authors: Yan Weihong , Apweiler Rolf , Balgley Brian M. , Boontheung Pinmanee , Bundy Jonathan L. , Cargile Benjamin J. , Cole Steve , Fang Xueping , Gonzalez‐Begne Mireya , Griffin Timothy J. , Hagen Fred , Hu Shen , Wolinsky Lawrence E. , Lee Cheng S. , Malamud Daniel , Melvin James E. , Menon Rajasree , Mueller Michael , Qiao Renli , Rhodus Nelson L. , Sevinsky Joel R. , States David , Stephenson James L. , Than Shawn , Yates John R. , Yu Weixia , Xie Hongwei , Xie Yongming , Omenn Gilbert S. , Loo Joseph A. , Wong David T.
Published: December 2008

The proteome of human salivary fluid has the potential to open new doors for disease biomarker discovery. A recent study to comprehensively identify and catalog the human ductal salivary proteome led to the compilation of 1166 proteins. The protein complexity of both saliva and plasma is large, suggesting that a comparison of these two proteomes will provide valuable insight into their physiological significance and an understanding of the unique and overlapping disease diagnostic potential that each fluid provides. To create a more comprehensive catalog of human salivary proteins, we have first compiled an extensive list of proteins from whole saliva (WS) identified through MS experiments. The WS list is thereafter combined with the proteins identified from the ductal parotid, and submandibular and sublingual (parotid/SMSL) salivas. In parallel, a core dataset of the human plasma proteome with 3020 protein identifications was recently released. A total of 1939 nonredundant salivary proteins were compiled from a total of 19 474 unique peptide sequences identified from whole and ductal salivas; 740 out of the total 1939 salivary proteins were identified in both whole and ductal saliva. A total of 597 of the salivary proteins have been observed in plasma. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed similarities in the distributions of the saliva and plasma proteomes with regard to cellular localization, biological processes, and molecular function, but revealed differences which may be related to the different physiological functions of saliva and plasma. The comprehensive catalog of the salivary proteome and its comparison to the plasma proteome provides insights useful for future study, such as exploration of potential biomarkers for disease diagnostics.
Evidence of carrier leakage into the L‐valley in InAs‐based quantum cascade lasers under high hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Marko Igor P. , Adams Alfred R. , Sweeney Stephen J. , Teissier Roland , Baranov Alexei N. , Tomić Stanko
Published: December 2008

To investigate carrier scattering processes in short wavelength InAs/AlSb quantum cascade lasers we carried out experimental and theoretical studies of the threshold current, Ith, as a function of high hydrostatic pressure and temperature. Using the calculated pressure dependence of the optical phonon scattering current, Iph, and the estimated pressure dependence of leakage current, Ileak, we show that carrier leakage from the upper laser levels into the indirect L‐valley of the conduction band in InAs quantum wells is negligible in the 3.3 μm QCLs at RT leading to their superior temperature performance. In the shorter wavelength devices emitting at 2.9 μm, this loss mechanism is more important and accounts for up to 13% of Ith at 190 K. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Transverse velocity distributions in channels with emergent bank vegetation
Authors: Hirschowitz P. M. , James C. S.
Published: December 2008

Defining hydraulic habitat conditions in rivers requires prediction of local flow velocities, which are strongly influenced by the presence of emergent vegetation along the banks. Previously proposed methods for describing the transverse variation of depth‐averaged velocity away from the vegetation edge are shown by comparison with independent laboratory data to be inadequate. One of the methods is modified on the basis of new data to provide realistic descriptions over a wide range of conditions. The new method enables prediction of the maximum velocity in both wide and relatively narrow channels, the apparent shear stress at the vegetation interface, and the variation of velocity from the vegetation boundary to the point where the maximum velocity occurs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electronic‐Type‐ and Diameter‐Dependent Reduction of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Induced by Adsorption of Electron‐Donor Molecules
Authors: Zhou Jing , Maeda Yutaka , Lu Jing , Tashiro Atsushi , Hasegawa Tadashi , Luo Guangfu , Wang Lu , Lai Lin , Akasaka Takeshi , Nagase Shigeru , Gao Zhengxiang , Qin Rui , Mei Wai Ning , Li Guangping , Yu Dapeng
Published: December 2008

The adsorption of the organic donor molecules tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDAE) and cobaltocene (CoCp2) on high‐pressure CO decomposition (HiPco) single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is investigated using density functional theory (DFT), optical absorption, and Raman spectra methods. The selective reduction of SWNTs according to the electronic type and diameter of SWNTs is revealed. The reduction rate decreases in the order: metallic SWNTs ≥ large‐diameter semiconducting SWNTs > small‐diameter semiconducting SWNTs.
Glycoprofiling of the Human Salivary Proteome
Authors: Sondej Melissa , Denny Patricia A. , Xie Yongming , Ramachandran Prasanna , Si Yan , Takashima Jona , Shi Wenyuan , Wong David T. , Loo Joseph A. , Denny Paul C.
Published: December 2008

Introduction

Glycosylation is an important component for a number of biological processes and is perhaps the most abundant and complicated of the known post-translational modifications found on proteins.

Methods

This work combines two-dimensional (2-D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and lectin blotting to map the salivary glycome and mass spectrometry to identity the proteins that are associated with the glycome map. A panel of 15 lectins that recognize six sugar-specific categories was used to visualize the type and extent of glycosylation in saliva from two healthy male individuals. Lectin blots were compared to 2-D gels stained either with Sypro Ruby (protein stain) or Pro-Q Emerald 488 (glycoprotein stain).

Results

Each lectin shows a distinct pattern, even those belonging to the same sugar-specific category. In addition, the glycosylation profiles generated from the lectin blots show that most salivary proteins are glycosylated and that the profiles are more widespread than is demonstrated by the glycoprotein-stained gel. Finally, the coreactivity between lectins was measured to determine what types of glycan structures are associated with one another and also the population variation of the lectin reactivity for 66 individuals were reported.

Conclusions

This starting 2-D gel glycosylation reference map shows that the scientifically accepted, individual oligosaccharide variability is not limited to a few large glycoproteins such as MUC5B, but are found on most members of the salivary proteome. Finally, in order to see the full range of oligosaccharide distribution, multiple reagents or lectins are needed.
The Nurse's Role in Managing Necrotizing Fasciitis
Authors: Magel Deborah C.
Published: December 2008

NECROTIZING FASCIITIS (NF), also known as “flesh‐eating disease,” is a rapid‐acting, potentially deadly infection.

THIS CONDITION is devastating in its ability to spread through the body at an alarming rate. It can be caused by almost any type of injury that introduces microorganisms into the subcutaneous tissues.

THE INITIAL ASSESSMENT can be deceptive, so awareness is the key to recognition. This condition often goes unrecognized until it is too late or major disfigurement results. Vital nursing strategies for managing the care of patients with NF include early recognition, accurate assessment, and aggressive treatment. AORN J 88 (December 2008) 977–982. © AORN, Inc, 2008.
Does Cuba Fit Yet or Is It Still ‘Exceptional’?
Authors: KAPCIA ANTONI
Published: December 2008

Much of the external literature on the Cuban Revolution has been characterised by two dichotomies between ‘exceptionalism’ on the hand and the application of non-Cuban paradigms on the other, and that between Fidel-focussed interpretations and more systemic perspectives. This article examines the evolution of these dichotomies, from initial enthusiasm or condemnation, through an emerging awareness of a historical dimension, a focus on the social revolution, and new disenchantments, to the emergence of a less polemical attention to detail before the post-1991 return to type. In the light of this trajectory, new approaches are suggested to break with these patterns, while acknowledging the challenges for exogenous research.
The Left in Transition: The Cuban Revolution in US Third World Politics
Authors: GRONBECK-TEDESCO JOHN A.
Published: December 2008

This article examines the ways in which Cuba's revolution shaped the changing politics of the Left in the United States. Using critical strategies of transnationalism, it illustrates how a dialogue developed between US activists and Cuban cultural producers, and reveals how Cuba's revolutionary discourse inflected the radical shift towards Third World nationalism. As the post-Bandung global moment brought a network of new political and cultural affiliations, Cuba's state apparatus invested in the manufacture and dissemination of tricontinental politics worldwide. This alternative moral and political imaginary lent authority to Havana's status as leader of the Third World and drew global attention to Cuba's revolutionary model in new thinking on post-colonial identity and culture. This new thinking imbibed the US Left's humanistic turn which challenged standard boundaries of race, class and nation. The dialectical nature of Cuban political discourse and social activism in the United States changed Cuban exigencies while it enticed US dissidents to experience the exception in the western hemisphere that fought for the greater moral good.
Survival of seeds in hypervelocity impacts
Authors: Jerling Aaron , Burchell Mark J. , Tepfer David
Published: December 2008

Panspermia (‘seeds everywhere’) postulates that life naturally migrates through space. Laboratory studies of Panspermia often examine the survival of Earth's species under the conditions thought to occur during transfer through space. Much of this research has centred on bacteria, but here we consider seeds themselves. We simulated the extreme accelerations necessary for their hypothetical ejection from a planetary surface and the impacts associated with their arrival on another planet. Seeds of tobacco, alfalfa and cress were fired into water at speeds in the range 1–3 km s−1, corresponding to impact shock pressures of circa 0.24–2.4 GPa. No seeds remained intact and able to germinate, even at the lowest speeds. Although fragmentation occurred, even at 3 km s−1 the size of some of the fragments was about 25% that of the seeds. Thus, whilst the seeds themselves did not survive extreme shocks, a substantial fraction of their mass did and might successfully deliver complex organic materials after impact. These results are discussed with respect to ancient Panspermia and the potential of contemporary impacts to eject living organisms into space.