bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Citizen-science reveals changes in the oral microbiome in Spain through age and lifestyle factors
Authors: Willis Jesse R. , Saus Ester , Iraola-Guzmán Susana , Ksiezopolska Ewa , Cozzuto Luca , Bejarano Luis A. , Andreu-Somavilla Nuria , Alloza-Trabado Miriam , Blanco Andrea , Puig-Sola Anna , Broglio Elisabetta , Carolis Carlo , Ponomarenko Julia , Hecht Jochen , Gabaldón Toni
Published: May 2022

The relevance of the human oral microbiome to our understanding of human health has grown in recent years as microbiome studies continue to develop. Given the links of the oral cavity with the digestive, respiratory and circulatory systems, the composition of the oral microbiome is relevant beyond just oral health, impacting systemic processes across the body. However, we still have a very limited understanding about intrinsic and extrinsic factors that shape the composition of the healthy oral microbiome. Here, we followed a citizen-science approach to assess the relative impact on the oral microbiome of selected biological, social, and lifestyle factors in 1648 Spanish individuals. We found that the oral microbiome changes across age, with middle ages showing a more homogeneous composition, and older ages showing more diverse microbiomes with increased representation of typically low abundance taxa. By measuring differences within and between groups of individuals sharing a given parameter, we were able to assess the relative impact of different factors in driving specific microbial compositions. Chronic health disorders present in the analyzed population were the most impactful factors, followed by smoking and the presence of yeasts in the oral cavity. Finally, we corroborate findings in the literature that relatives tend to have more similar oral microbiomes, and show for the first time a similar effect for classmates. Multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors jointly shape the oral microbiome. Comparative analysis of metabarcoding data from a large sample set allows us to disentangle the individual effects.
Reversible hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to formic acid using a Mn-pincer complex in the presence of lysine
Authors: Wei Duo , Sang Rui , Sponholz Peter , Junge Henrik , Beller Matthias
Published: May 2022

Efficient hydrogen storage and release are essential for effective use of hydrogen as an energy carrier. In principle, formic acid could be used as a convenient hydrogen storage medium via reversible CO2 hydrogenation. However, noble metal-based catalysts are currently needed to facilitate the (de)hydrogenation, and the CO2 produced during hydrogen release is generally released, resulting in undesirable emissions. Here we report an α-amino acid-promoted system for reversible CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid using a Mn-pincer complex as a homogeneous catalyst. We observe good stability and reusability of the catalyst and lysine as the amino acid at high productivities (CO2 hydrogenation: total turnover number of 2,000,000; formic acid dehydrogenation: total turnover number of 600,000). Employing potassium lysinate, we achieve >80% H2 evolution efficiency and >99.9% CO2 retention in ten charge–discharge cycles, avoiding CO2 re-loading steps between each cycle. This process was scaled up by a factor of 18 without obvious drop of the productivity.
Label-free complete absorption microscopy using second generation photoacoustic remote sensing
Authors: Ecclestone Benjamin R. , Bell Kevan , Sparkes Sarah , Dinakaran Deepak , Mackey John R. , Haji Reza Parsin
Published: May 2022

In the past decades, absorption modalities have emerged as powerful tools for label-free functional and structural imaging of cells and tissues. Many biomolecules present unique absorption spectra providing chromophore-specific information on properties such as chemical bonding, and sample composition. As chromophores absorb photons the absorbed energy is emitted as photons (radiative relaxation) or converted to heat and under specific conditions pressure (non-radiative relaxation). Modalities like fluorescence microscopy may capture radiative relaxation to provide contrast, while modalities like photoacoustic microscopy may leverage non-radiative heat and pressures. Here we show an all-optical non-contact total-absorption photoacoustic remote sensing (TA-PARS) microscope, which can capture both radiative and non-radiative absorption effects in a single acquisition. The TA-PARS yields an absorption metric proposed as the quantum efficiency ratio (QER), which visualizes a biomolecule’s proportional radiative and non-radiative absorption response. The TA-PARS provides label-free visualization of a range of biomolecules enabling convincing analogues to traditional histochemical staining of tissues, effectively providing label-free Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)-like visualizations. These findings establish an effective all-optical non-contact total-absorption microscope for label-free inspection of biological materials.
Effects of different dual task training on dual task walking and responding brain activation in older adults with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Kuo Hsiang-Tsen , Yeh Nai-Chen , Yang Yea-Ru , Hsu Wen-Chi , Liao Ying-Yi , Wang Ray-Yau
Published: May 2022

The concurrent additional tasking impacts the walking performance, and such impact is even greater in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) than in healthy elders. However, effective training program to improve dual task walking ability for the people with MCI is not immediately provided. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of cognitive and motor dual task walking training on dual task walking performance and the responding brain changes in older people with MCI. Thirty older adults with MCI were randomly allocated to receive 24 sessions of 45-min cognitive dual task training (CDTT, n = 9), motor dual task training (MDTT, n = 11), or conventional physical therapy (CPT, n = 10). Gait performance and brain activation during single and dual task walking, and cognitive function assessed by trail-making test (TMT-A, B) and digit span test were measured at pre-, post-test, and 1-month follow-up. Both CDTT and MDTT improved dual task walking with responding activation changes in specific brain areas. The improvements in motor dual task walking performance after both dual task trainings were significantly better than after CPT in the older adults with MCI. Both cognitive and motor dual task training were feasible and beneficial to improve dual task walking ability in older adults with MCI.

Trial Registration: The trial was registered to Thai Clinical Trial Registry and the registration number is TCTR20180510002 (first registration date: 10/05/2018).
Alien suns reversing in exoplanet skies
Authors: Xie Xinchen , Bae Hwan , Lindner John F.
Published: May 2022

Earth’s rapid spin, modest tilt, and nearly circular orbit ensure that the sun always appears to move forward, rising in the east and setting in the west. However, for some exoplanets, solar motion can reverse causing alien suns to apparently move backward. Indeed, this dramatic motion marginally occurs for Mercury in our own solar system. For exoplanetary observers, we study the scope of solar motion as a function of eccentricity, spin–orbit ratio, obliquity, and nodal longitude, and we visualize the motion in spatial and spacetime plots. For zero obliquity, reversals occur when a planet’s spin angular speed is between its maximum and minimum orbital angular speeds, and we derive exact nonlinear equations for eccentricity and spin–orbit to bound reversing and non-reversing motion. We generalize the notion of solar day to gracefully handle the most common reversals.
C-reactive protein to albumin ratio predicts survival in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with lenvatinib
Authors: Tada Toshifumi , Kumada Takashi , Hiraoka Atsushi , Hirooka Masashi , Kariyama Kazuya , Tani Joji , Atsukawa Masanori , Takaguchi Koichi , Itobayashi Ei , Fukunishi Shinya , Tsuji Kunihiko , Ishikawa Toru , Tajiri Kazuto , Ochi Hironori , Yasuda Satoshi , Toyoda Hidenori , Hatanaka Takeshi , Kakizaki Satoru , Shimada Noritomo , Kawata Kazuhito , Tanaka Takaaki , Ohama Hideko , Nouso Kazuhiro , Morishita Asahiro , Tsutsui Akemi , Nagano Takuya , Itokawa Norio , Okubo Tomomi , Arai Taeang , Imai Michitaka , Naganuma Atsushi , Aoki Tomoko , Koizumi Yohei , Nakamura Shinichiro , Joko Kouji , Hiasa Yoichi , Kudo Masatoshi
Published: May 2022

We investigated the impact of C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) on predicting outcomes in 522 patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with lenvatinib. We determined the optimal CAR cutoff value with time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Additionally, we clarified the relationship between CAR and liver function or HCC progression. Median overall survival was 20.0 (95% confidence interval (CI), 17.2–22.6) months. The optimal CAR cutoff value was determined to be 0.108. Multivariate analysis showed that high CAR (≥ 0.108) (hazard ratio (HR), 1.915; 95% CI, 1.495–2.452), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥ 1 (HR, 1.429), and α-fetoprotein ≥ 400 ng/mL (HR, 1.604) were independently associated with overall survival. Cumulative overall survival differed significantly between patients with low versus high CAR (p < 0.001). Median progression-free survival was 7.5 (95% CI, 6.7–8.1) months. Multivariate analysis showed that age, CAR ≥ 0.108 (HR, 1.644; 95% CI, 1.324–2.043), and non-hepatitis B, non-hepatitis C etiology (HR, 0.726) were independently associated with progression-free survival. Cumulative progression-free survival differed significantly between patients with low versus high CAR (p < 0.001). CAR values were significantly higher as Japan Integrated Staging score increased (p < 0.001). In conclusion, CAR can predict outcomes in patients with unresectable HCC treated with lenvatinib.
Conformational spread drives the evolution of the calcium–calmodulin protein kinase II
Authors: Khan Shahid
Published: May 2022

The calcium calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM) dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) decodes Ca2+ frequency oscillations. The CaMKIIα isoform is predominantly expressed in the brain and has a central role in learning. I matched residue and organismal evolution with collective motions deduced from the atomic structure of the human CaMKIIα holoenzyme to learn how its ring architecture abets function. Protein dynamic simulations showed its peripheral kinase domains (KDs) are conformationally coupled via lateral spread along the central hub. The underlying β-sheet motions in the hub or association domain (AD) were deconvolved into dynamic couplings based on mutual information. They mapped onto a coevolved residue network to partition the AD into two distinct sectors. A second, energetically stressed sector was added to ancient bacterial enzyme dimers for assembly of the ringed hub. The continued evolution of the holoenzyme after AD–KD fusion targeted the sector’s ring contacts coupled to the KD. Among isoforms, the α isoform emerged last and, it alone, mutated rapidly after the poikilotherm–homeotherm jump to match the evolution of memory. The correlation between dynamics and evolution of the CaMKII AD argues single residue substitutions fine-tune hub conformational spread. The fine-tuning could increase CaMKIIα Ca2+ frequency response range for complex learning functions.
Polarization insensitive dual band metamaterial with absorptance for 5G sub-6 GHz applications
Authors: Hasan Md. Mhedi , Islam Mohammad Tariqul , M. M. Salaheldeen , Almalki Sami H. A. , Alharbi Abdullah G. , Alsaif Haitham , Islam Md. Shabiul , Samsuzzaman Md.
Published: May 2022

A couple ring enclosed circular geometric resonator (CRECGR) based dual-band polarization insensitive metamaterial (MM) with high effective medium ratio (EMR), and excellent absorptance is proposed in this study, which can be utilized as a sensor and absorber in the 5G sub-6 GHz frequency range. A circular geometry-based unique patch has been introduced in the proposed unit cell to achieve high polarization insensitive properties with excellent absorption for the 5G sub-6 GHz spectrum. The distinctive feature of this proposed CRECGR unit cell is its simple and unique structure with a high EMR of 11.13, polarization insensitive up to 180°, and epsilon negative (ENG) properties, including a negative refractive index and near-zero permeability for 5G sub-6 GHz applications. Furthermore, this designed unit cell yields excellent absorption properties with high quality factor. The designed MM unit cell is fabricated on low loss Rogers RT5880 printed media with an electrical dimension of 0.089λ × 0.089λ × 0.017λ. The performance of the designed CRECGR metamaterial is determined using Computer Simulation Technology (CST), Advanced Design Software (ADS), and measurements. The CRECGR unit cell offers dual resonances at 3.37 GHz and 5.8 GHz, covering the 5G sub-6 GHz band with ENG, near-zero permeability and negative index. The polarization insensitive properties of the unit cell were also investigated for maximum angle of incidence, which confirmed the identical response. The simulated outcome is verified by experiment with excellent accordance. Moreover, the unit cell performance with a complete backplane is explored, noting a maximum absorption of 99.9% for all normal and oblique incidence waves, suitable for sensing and antenna systems. In addition, the suggested unit cell sensing performance is evaluated using the permittivity-based sensing model. The proposed MM outperforms recent related studies in terms of polarization insensitivity up to 180°, high insensitive absorptivity, high EMR, and sensing applications. These features prove that the proposed CRECGR metamaterial is perfect for 5G Applications.
In vitro preliminary study on different anti-PD-1 antibody concentrations on T cells activation
Authors: Wieleba Irena , Wojas-Krawczyk Kamila , Chmielewska Izabela , Wójcik-Superczyńska Magdalena , Krawczyk Paweł , Milanowski Janusz
Published: May 2022

Lung adenocarcinoma predominates among diagnosed nonsmall cell lung cancer subtypes in nonsmokers. The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors into clinical practice offered patients prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival times. However, the results demonstrate that the benefits do not apply to all patients. Nivolumab is a monoclonal antibody against the PD-1 protein expressed mainly on T lymphocytes and is widely used in cancer therapy in different settings. Tumor cells often express the PD-L1 molecule and can effectively block the action of PD-1-positive lymphocytes. A body of knowledge regarding the high expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells highlights that it does not always correlate with the effectiveness of anti-PD-1 therapy. The side effects of the therapy also constitute a significant issue. These side effects can occur at any time during anti-PD-1 treatment and lead to discontinuation and even the death of the patient. In these situations, it is possible to delay the dosage. Nevertheless, unfortunately, it is not possible to reduce the dose of anti-PD-1 antibody, which would undoubtedly minimize side effects, leaving the patient's immune system active. In our preliminary study, we analyzed the effect of different concentrations of nivolumab on the functioning of T lymphocytes. Activation and proliferation markers were investigated on T cells after being cultured with antigen-stimulated autologous dendritic cells. This process may indicate an appropriate concentration of nivolumab, which shows clinical activity with minimal side effects.
Torsional wave elastography to assess the mechanical properties of the cornea
Authors: Torres Jorge , H. Faris Inas , Callejas Antonio , Reyes-Ortega Felisa , Melchor Juan , Gonzalez-Andrades Miguel , Rus Guillermo
Published: May 2022

Corneal mechanical changes are believed to occur before any visible structural alterations observed during routine clinical evaluation. This study proposed developing an elastography technique based on torsional waves (TWE) adapted to the specificities of the cornea. By measuring the displacements in the propagation plane perpendicular to the axis of the emitter, the effect of guided waves in plate-like media was proven negligible. Ex vivo experiments were carried out on porcine corneal samples considering a group of control and one group of alkali burn treatment ($$\hbox {NH}_\text {4}$$

NH
4

OH) that modified the mechanical properties. Phase speed was recovered as a function of intraocular pressure (IOP), and a Kelvin-Voigt rheological model was fitted to the dispersion curves to estimate viscoelastic parameters. A comparison with uniaxial tensile testing with thin-walled assumptions was also performed. Both shear elasticity and viscosity correlated positively with IOP, being the elasticity lower and the viscosity higher for the treated group. The viscoelastic parameters ranged from 21.33 to 63.17 kPa, and from 2.82 to 5.30 Pa s, for shear elasticity and viscosity, respectively. As far as the authors know, no other investigations have studied this mechanical plane under low strain ratios, typical of dynamic elastography in corneal tissue. TWE reflected mechanical properties changes after treatment, showing a high potential for clinical diagnosis due to its rapid performance time and paving the way for future in vivo studies.
Synthesis and robocasting of YAG xerogel: one-step conversion of ceramics
Authors: Flores-Martinez Nancy , Ouamara Lila , Remondiere Fabien , Jouin Jenny , Fiore Giuseppe , Oriol Stephane , Rossignol Sylvie
Published: May 2022

An optimized sol–gel protocol was carried out to produce an yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) xerogel from aluminum alkoxide and an yttrium salt on a semi-pilot scale. This xerogel was successfully used without prior pyrolysis as a solid load with the aid of additives in the preparation of pastes. Thermal treatment of the green bodies, obtained by robocasting of the paste, led to cohesive single-phase YAG ceramics. Manufacturing ceramic pieces by additive methods will allow shaping complex forms, while the single step conversion/consolidation would simplify the technological process, reducing global energy costs. Since YAG possesses high strength and good creep behavior at high temperatures, these refractory pieces could replace the metal alloys used in turbine blades for deep space exploration. Structural, thermal and chemical characterizations were performed on xerogel powders, pastes, and YAG ceramics.
Diversity, distribution and ecology of fungal communities present in Antarctic lake sediments uncovered by DNA metabarcoding
Authors: de Souza Láuren Machado Drumond , Lirio Juan Manuel , Coria Silvia Herminda , Lopes Fabyano Alvares Cardoso , Convey Peter , Carvalho-Silva Micheline , de Oliveira Fábio Soares , Rosa Carlos Augusto , Câmara Paulo Eduardo Aguiar Saraiva , Rosa Luiz Henrique
Published: May 2022

We assessed fungal diversity in sediments obtained from four lakes in the South Shetland Islands and James Ross Island, Antarctica, using DNA metabarcoding. We detected 218 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) dominated by the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota and Chytridiomycota. In addition, the rare phyla Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota as well as fungal-like Straminopila belonging to the phyla Bacillariophyta and Oomycota were detected. The fungal assemblages were dominated by unknown fungal taxa (Fungal sp. 1 and Fungal sp. 2), followed by Talaromyces rubicundus and Dactylonectria anthuriicola. In general, they displayed high diversity, richness and moderate dominance. Sequences representing saprophytic, pathogenic and symbiotic fungi were detected, including the phytopathogenic fungus D. anthuriicola that was abundant, in the relatively young Soto Lake on Deception Island. The lake sediments studied contained the DNA of rich, diverse and complex fungal communities, including both fungi commonly reported in Antarctica and other taxa considered to be rare. However, as the study was based on the use of environmental DNA, which does not unequivocally confirm the presence of active or viable organisms, further studies using other approaches such as shotgun sequencing are required to elucidate the ecology of fungi in these Antarctic lake sediments.
Locking plate osteosynthesis of scaphoid nonunion with severe bone defects: a case series
Authors: Welle Kristian , Taeger Stefan , Prangenberg Christian , Hackenberg Roslind Karolina , Kieback Jan-Dirk , Kabir Koroush
Published: May 2022

The treatment of scaphoid nonunion can be challenging with increasing defect size. We evaluated the outcome of scaphoid nonunion with a substantial bone defect treated with a multidirectional locking plate combined with cancellous bone grafting only. Thirteen patients with significant osseous defects measuring 6 mm or more suffering from primary nonunion without treatment (n = 6) or recalcitrant nonunion following Herbert screw osteosynthesis (n = 7) were treated and reviewed retrospectively. The stabilization was performed after debridement, autologous cancellous bone grafting and volar locking plate osteosynthesis. After a mean follow-up period of 12 months, 12 of the 13 patients achieved successful unions with a free range of motion and complete remittance of pain in everyday activity. The mean scapholunate angle decreased from 59.7° ± 11 to 43.9° ± 5 (effect strength d:1.7, p < 0.00001), scaphoid humpback deformity angle from 58.9° ± 8 to 45.1° ± 8 (d:1.8, p < 0.0001), whereas strength of the injured hand increased from 36.4 kg ± 10 to 42.4 kg ± 9 (d:1.4, p < 0.0001). One nonunion persisted without fragment dislocation receiving revision after 1 year. Thus, locking plate osteosynthesis with cancellous bone grafting is a valid alternative in scaphoid nonunions with extensive bone defects. Additionally, stable retention of the fragments prevents dislocation even in delayed or persistent nonunion. Further prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.
Distribution of invasive versus native whitefly species and their pyrethroid knock-down resistance allele in a context of interspecific hybridization
Authors: Taquet Alizée , Jourdan-Pineau Hélène , Simiand Christophe , Grondin Martial , Barrès Benoit , Delatte Hélène
Published: May 2022

The invasion success of a species in an agrosystem is greatly influenced by environmental factors such as the use of insecticides, by the intrinsic evolutionary capabilities of the species, and also by interactions with resident species. On the island of La Réunion, the successive invasions of MEAM1 and MED whitefly species over the last 20 years have not only led an increased use of insecticides, but have also challenged the resident IO species. To trace the evolution of the 3 species, and the distribution of the kdr mutation (resistance to pyrethroid) in the para-type voltage-gated sodium channel, we genotyped 41 populations (using neutral nuclear markers) and look at the prevalence of the kdr allele. MEAM1 was predominantly present in agrosystems showing quasi fixation of the resistant kdr allele whereas IO was mainly in natural environments and did not have any resistant allele. Hybridization between the two former species was detected in low frequency but has not led to introgression of resistant alleles in the resident species so far. MED showed a limited distribution in agrosystems but all individuals displayed a resistant allele. These highly contrasting patterns of distribution and resistant mutations between invasive and resident whitefly species are further discussed.
Association of short-term particulate matter exposure with suicide death among major depressive disorder patients: a time-stratified case-crossover analysis
Authors: Hwang In Young , Choi Daein , Kim Jihoon Andrew , Choi Seulggie , Chang Jooyoung , Goo Ae Jin , Ko Ahryoung , Lee Gyeongsil , Kim Kyae Hyung , Son Joung Sik , Park Sang Min
Published: May 2022

There is growing evidence that suggests a potential association between particulate matter (PM) and suicide. However, it is unclear that PM exposure and suicide death among major depressive disorder (MDD) patients, a high-risk group for suicide. We aimed to assess the effect of short-term exposure to PM on the risk of suicide in MDD patients who are at high risk for suicide. We investigated the risk of suicide among 922,062 newly-diagnosed MDD patients from 2004 to 2017 within the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database. We identified 3,051 suicide cases from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2017, within the death statistics database of the Korean National Statistical Office. PMs with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), less than 10 μm (PM10), and 2.5–10 μm (PM2.5–10) were considered, which were provided from the National Ambient Air Monitoring System in South Korea. Time-stratified case-crossover analysis was performed to investigate the association of particulate matter exposure to suicide events. The risk of suicide was significantly high upon the high level of exposure to PM2.5, PM2.5–10 (coarse particle) and PM10 on lag 1 (p for trend < 0.05). Short-term exposure to a high level of PM was associated with an elevated risk for suicide among MDD patients. There is a clear dose–response relationship between short-term PM exposures with suicide death among MDD patients. This result will be used as an essential basis for consideration when establishing an air pollution alarm system for reducing adverse health outcomes by PM.
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Burkholderia vietnamiensis B418 inhibits root-knot nematode on watermelon by modifying the rhizosphere microbial community
Authors: Liu Minmin , Philp Joshua , Wang Yilian , Hu Jindong , Wei Yanli , Li Jishun , Ryder Maarten , Toh Ruey , Zhou Yi , Denton Matthew D. , Wu Yuanzheng , Yang Hetong
Published: May 2022

Burkholderia vietnamiensis B418 is a multifunctional plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strain with nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing capability which can be employed for root-knot nematode (RKN) management on various crops and vegetables. Here we investigated the control efficacy of B. vietnamiensis B418 inoculation against RKN on watermelon, applied either alone or combined with nematicides fosthiazate or avermectin, and their effects on bacterial and fungal microbiomes in rhizosphere soil. The results of field experiments showed individual application of B418 displayed the highest control efficacy against RKN by 71.15%. The combinations with fosthiazate and avermectin exhibited slight incompatibility with lower inhibitory effects of 62.71% and 67.87%, respectively, which were still notably higher than these nematicides applied separately. Analysis of microbiome assemblages revealed B418 inoculation resulted in a slight reduction for bacterial community and a significant increment for fungal community, suggesting that B418 could compete with other bacteria and stimulate fungal diversity in rhizosphere. The relative abundance of Xanthomonadales, Gemmatimonadales and Sphingomonadales increased while that of Actinomycetales reduced with B418 inoculation. The predominate Sordariomycetes of fungal community decreased dramatically in control treatment with B418 inoculation whereas there were increments in fosthiazate and avermectin treatments. Additionally, nitrogen (N) cycling by soil microbes was estimated by quantifying the abundance of microbial functional genes involved in N-transformation processes as B418 has the capability of N-fixation. The copy number of N-fixing gene nifH increased with B418 inoculation, and the highest increment reached 35.66% in control treatment. Our results demonstrate that B. vietnamiensis B418 is an effective biological nematicide for nematode management, which acts through the modulation of rhizosphere microbial community.
Remineralisation capability of silver diamine fluoride in artificial enamel lesions on smooth surfaces using quantitative light-induced fluorescence measurements in-vitro
Authors: Heukamp J. , Korbmacher-Steiner H. , Schmidt S. , Neumann C. M. , Bottenberg P. , Jablonski-Momeni A.
Published: May 2022

Enamel demineralisation can develop on smooth surfaces as an undesirable side effect during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of 38% silver diamine fluoride in remineralisation (as estimated by fluorescence gain) of artificial initial lesions in smooth surfaces of human enamel. The smooth surfaces of 50 human tooth samples were artificially demineralised and 45 samples were allocated randomly into three groups receiving a single treatment with a varnish: group I: Riva Star (silver diamine fluoride, SDF), group II: Bifluorid 12 (NaF, CaF2), and group III: Cervitec F (CHX, CPC, NH4F). Five samples were assigned as a negative control group without treatment. All samples were exposed to pH-cycling for 28 days. Fluorescence behavior was measured using Quantitative light-induced fluorescence before and after demineralisation and up to four weeks on a weekly basis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey–Kramer post-hoc tests and repeated measures ANOVA were used for statistical evaluation (α = 0.05). After demineralisation, all samples showed mean ΔF of − 16.22% ± 4.35, without significance differences between the fluorescence behaviour of the samples (p = 0.251). After 28 days group comparison showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.034) for ΔF values: the lowest fluorescence values were found in group I (SDF, mean ΔF − 16.47 ± 6.08) with a significant difference compared to group III (Cervitec F, mean ΔF − 11.71 ± 4.83). In group II (Bifluorid 12) mean ΔF value was − 15.55 ± 2.15) without statistically significant differences to groups I and III. The fluorescence behaviour of SDF varnish on smooth surfaces with artificial initial enamel lesions was significantly lower compared to Cervitec F varnish after short time use.
Identification of AKIRIN2 as a potential biomarker and correlation with immunotherapy in gastric adenocarcinoma by integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Sun Shaopeng , Chen Jiajia , Weng Chunyan , Lu Yifan , Cai Chang , Lv Bin
Published: May 2022

Gastric adenocarcinoma is major type of gastric cancer that endangers human health. AKIRIN2 has been shown to be associated with cholangiocarcinoma promoting invasion and angiogenesis. In this study, AKIRIN2 is highly expressed in Gastric adenocarcinoma through bioinformatics analysis based on Stomach adenocarcinoma samples data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Correlation analysis showed that the high-expression of AKIRIN2 was associated with poor survival rate compared to the low-expression group. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses determined the correlation between clinical characteristics and overall survival. Next, the correlation between AKIRIN2 and immune infiltration was evaluated. The distribution of 24 immune cells and their correlation with the expression of AKIRIN2 were explored using the immune cell database. In addition, three Immune cell methods were used to verify the positive correlation between immune cells and AKIRIN2. Also, Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database was utilized to verify the correlation between AKIRIN2 expression level and the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The results showed that AKIRIN2 is an effective biomarker of Gastric adenocarcinoma prognosis, which can guide chemotherapy and immunotherapy and clarify the progress of Gastric adenocarcinoma promoted by immune microenvironment.
Orexin 2 receptor (OX2R) protein distribution measured by autoradiography using radiolabeled OX2R-selective antagonist EMPA in rodent brain and peripheral tissues
Authors: Mitsukawa Kayo , Kimura Haruhide
Published: May 2022

Orexin, a neuropeptide, performs various physiological functions, including the regulation of emotion, feeding, metabolism, respiration, and sleep/wakefulness, by activating the orexin 1 receptor and orexin 2 receptor (OX2R). Owing to the pivotal role of OX2R in wakefulness and other biological functions, OX2R agonists are being developed. A detailed understanding of OX2R protein distribution is essential for determining the mechanisms of action of OX2R agonists; however, this has been hindered by the lack of selective antibodies. In this study, we first confirmed the OX2R-selective binding of [3H]-EMPA in in vitro autoradiography studies, using brain slices from OX2R knockout mice and their wild-type littermates. Subsequently, OX2R protein distribution in rats was comprehensively assessed in 51 brain regions and 10 peripheral tissues using in vitro autoradiography with [3H]-EMPA. The widespread distribution of OX2R protein, including that in previously unrecognized regions of the retrosplenial cortex, was identified. In contrast, OX2R protein expression was negligible/very low in peripheral tissues, suggesting that orexin exerts OX2R-dependent physiological functions primarily through activation of the central nervous system. These findings will be useful for understanding the wide range of biological functions of OX2R and the application of OX2R agonists in various disorders.
CT-based deep learning enables early postoperative recurrence prediction for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Wakiya Taiichi , Ishido Keinosuke , Kimura Norihisa , Nagase Hayato , Kanda Taishu , Ichiyama Sotaro , Soma Kenji , Matsuzaka Masashi , Sasaki Yoshihiro , Kubota Shunsuke , Fujita Hiroaki , Sawano Takeyuki , Umehara Yutaka , Wakasa Yusuke , Toyoki Yoshikazu , Hakamada Kenichi
Published: May 2022

Preoperatively accurate evaluation of risk for early postoperative recurrence contributes to maximizing the therapeutic success for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) patients. This study aimed to investigate the potential of deep learning (DL) algorithms for predicting postoperative early recurrence through the use of preoperative images. We collected the dataset, including preoperative plain computed tomography (CT) images, from 41 patients undergoing curative surgery for iCCA at multiple institutions. We built a CT patch-based predictive model using a residual convolutional neural network and used fivefold cross-validation. The prediction accuracy of the model was analyzed. We defined early recurrence as recurrence within a year after surgical resection. Of the 41 patients, early recurrence was observed in 20 (48.8%). A total of 71,081 patches were extracted from the entire segmented tumor area of each patient. The average accuracy of the ResNet model for predicting early recurrence was 98.2% for the training dataset. In the validation dataset, the average sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 97.8%, 94.0%, and 96.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.994. Our CT-based DL model exhibited high predictive performance in projecting postoperative early recurrence, proposing a novel insight into iCCA management.
Regrowth of Escherichia coli in environmental waters after chlorine disinfection: shifts in viability and culturability
Authors: Wang Manna , Ateia Mohamed , Hatano Yuta , Yoshimura Chihiro
Published: May 2022

The first systematic assessment and modeling of bacterial regrowth in environmental waters after chlorine disinfection, focusing on the changes in bacterial culturability and viability in the whole process.
Epigallocatechin gallate-loaded tetrahedral DNA nanostructures as a novel inner ear drug delivery system
Authors: Chen Yuming , Gu Jiayi , Liu Yan , Xu Ke , Song Jie , Wang Xueling , Yu Dehong , Wu Hao
Published: May 2022

Preparation of EGCG@TDNs and drug delivery to the inner ear for the treatment of noise-induced hearing loss.
A highly sensitive silicon nanowire array sensor for joint detection of tumor markers CEA and AFP
Authors: Lu Ke , Liu Chaoran , Wang Gaofeng , Yang Weihuang , Fan Kai , Lazarouk Serguei , Labunov Vladimir , Dong Linxi , Li Dujuan , Yang Xun
Published: May 2022

Liver cancer is one of the malignant tumors with the highest fatality rate and increasing incidence, which has no effective treatment plan.
An autophagy-inhibitory MOF nanoreactor for tumor-targeted synergistic therapy
Authors: Liu Xiaohan , Gao Peng , Shi Mingwan , Chen Yuanyuan , Pan Wei , Li Na , Tang Bo
Published: May 2022

A cell membrane-camouflaged MOF nanoreactor was developed for inhibiting autophagy and synergistically restraining tumor growth.
In vitrostudy of polydopamine nanoparticles as protective antioxidant agents in fibroblasts derived from ARSACS patients
Authors: Battaglini Matteo , Carmignani Alessio , Martinelli Chiara , Colica Jamila , Marino Attilio , Doccini Stefano , Mollo Valentina , Santoro Francesca , Bartolucci Martina , Petretto Andrea , Santorelli Filippo Maria , Ciofani Gianni
Published: May 2022

PDNPs elicit an antioxidant effect on healthy and ARSACS-derived fibroblasts, thus reducing ROS levels, ROS-induced apoptosis/necrosis, and ROS-induced mitochondrial impairments, and enhancing protein expression.
Non-ammonolysis synthesis and characterisation of environmentally benign yellow pigments based on calcium–tantalum perovskite oxynitrides
Authors: Sakata Takuya , Urushidani Sohta , Tarutani Naoki , Katagiri Kiyofumi , Inumaru Kei , Koyama Kyohei , Iwata Nozomu , Masubuchi Yuji
Published: May 2022

Calcium–tantalum based perovskite oxynitrides were successfully prepared without ammonolysis. The colour of La3+-doped CaTa(O,N)3 was comparable to that of CaTaO2N prepared by ammonolysis and inorganic yellow pigments using heavy metals.
Customizable nano-sized colloidal tetrahedra by polymerization-induced particle self-assembly (PIPA)
Authors: Li Dan , Liu Nan , Zeng Min , Ji Jinzhao , Chen Xi , Yuan Jinying
Published: May 2022

Nanoscale colloidal tetrahedra are synthesized by polymerization-induced particle self-assembly, with high purity, which allows the 3D reconstruction by single particle electron microscopy analysis.
Design and preparation of core–shell AP@HNS composites with high safety and excellent thermal decomposition performance
Authors: Li Wenxiang , Ye Ping , Guo Changping , Zhu Wenkun , Jin Dayong
Published: May 2022

AP@HNS composites with core–shell structure were designed and prepared. This technology is expected to provide new ideas for designing and preparing solid propellants with high energy, low susceptibility, and excellent thermal decomposition performance.
An adaptive scheduling routing for multimedia services based on software-defined networks
Authors: Zhang Yu , Cui Mengze , Gorlatch Sergei
Published: May 2022

We address the routing optimization problem in Software-Defined Networks (SDN) while satisfying multiple QoS constraints of multimedia services. In this paper, we 1) formally define the problem of routing optimization in SDN under multiple QoS constraints, and 2) suggest a novel architecture based on SDN for providing QoS services in the network. We propose an adaptive scheduling routing optimization approach in SDN that improves the classical Dijkstra routing algorithm. We report the results of experiments using the Mininet simulation framework that confirm the advantages of our proposed QoS routing optimization approach as compared to the state-of-the-art solutions.
Registry access anomaly detection system based on the rough set algorithm
Authors: Zhang Mingshu , Wei Bin , Liu Longfei
Published: May 2022

With the rapid growth and the popularization of the Internet, network security problems become increasingly serious. This paper analyzes the impact on several malicious codes on registry access behaviour and builds a rough set of algorithms-based registry access intrusion detection systems. Related attributes are constructed considering both the time sequence attribute and one-time access attribute as our input of the training module. Attribute reduction and rules extraction using rough sets algorithms give the registry access to normal behaviour modal. Experiments show that the system differentiates normal and abnormal registry behaviour successfully.
Joint estimation and detection method based on turbo equalization framework and VAMP
Authors: Zhang Jiali , Wang Zhongyong , Jiang Hua , Gong Kexian , Sun Peng , Wang Wei
Published: May 2022

In this letter, we consider the single-carrier frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE) system, and propose a low-complexity joint symbol detection and channel estimation algorithm based on the recently proposed vector approximate message passing (VAMP). Specifically, we leverage VAMP twice to estimate symbols and channels, respectively, in a turbo-like way. Moreover, this algorithm organically combines the gaussian mixture model (GMM), which can accurately simulate the sparse aggregation characteristics of the channel and effectively suppress inter symbol interference (ISI). The simulation results show that compared with the traditional linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) estimation receiving algorithm and the existing generalized approximate message passing algorithm (GAMP), the designed receiving algorithm has significant advantages in channel estimation normalized mean square error (NMSE) and bit error ratio (BER) performance, where sharing the same order of complexity.
Model and solution for the traveling salesman problem with multiple time windows
Authors: Zhang Xiaoling , Ni Yueli
Published: May 2022

This paper applies the multi-time window traveling salesman problem to not only optimize the logistics cost, but also effectively endow users with multiple discrete idle optional time periods to meet the time requirements of just-in-time production. In the process of problem solving, firstly, the dynamic penalty factor is introduced into the objective function and the penalty function is added to relax the constraints of multi-time window in order to construct the relaxation model. Secondly, while in solving the model, the compressed annealing algorithm, which has the property of probability convergence, is proposed on the basis of the simulated annealing algorithm with only temperature parameter. The dynamic penalty factor is added as a pressure parameter to control the probability of the transition to an infeasible route regarding the time windows. Finally, comparison through data experiments between multi-time windows and single-time windows verifies the practicability of the former and comparison between the solution algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm verifies the stability of compressed annealing algorithm. The result shows that the compressed annealing algorithm is a comparatively better method to solve multi-time window traveling salesman problem.
Research on the simulation of factors influencing maximum firing distance of acoustic homing torpedo
Authors: Xu Zhaopeng , Wu Zhidong , Wang Shunjie , Zhang Yan
Published: May 2022

In the torpedo attack, the appropriate firing distance is the key to ensure the torpedo hit the target, it’s necessary to ensure the firing distance used is within the maximum firing distance. Therefore, under the premise of known firing conditions, it’s necessary to determine the maximum firing distance and be familiar with the factors that affect the value and the influencing rules of each factor. Based on the firing model of the acoustic homing torpedo, the expression of the maximum firing distance is established, and the main factors affecting the value are obtained. Through the simulation, the influence factors are analyzed quantitatively, and the rule of their influence on the maximum firing distance is founded out. This research can provide the necessary reference for the commanding officer in battle, in order to make full use of the research results and improve the hit probability of the acoustic homing torpedo.
The hybrid simulation system of hydropower generation units in islanding AC grid and its applications
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Guo Xinran , Liang Jian , Cheng Yuanchu
Published: May 2022

It is a trend for the large hydropower bases to transport the electricity to consuming center with High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission lines. The fault of HVDC has great significance impact on hydropower units in islanding sending AC grid. In this paper, a hybrid simulation system is established to analyze the dynamic characteristic of hydropower units in islanding system. The simulation system is based on Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) and Digital Signal Processor (DSP). The simulation of electromagnetic transient process in the generator, the load, the network and HVDC is completed by RTDS. The Hydroturbine Real Time Simulator (HRTS) based on DSP completes the simulation of hydraulic-mechanical-electrical transient process in hydroturbine, division system and governing system. The real time data communication between RTDS, HRTS and external equipment ensures the real time calculation of simulation. The simulation results show high coincidence with field data. The hybrid simulation system is an effective approach for the research of islanding system at sending terminal with HVDC.
Real-time fall detection system based on deep learning and infrared array sensors
Authors: Gong Tianyi , Yin Xinyu , Yan Shicheng , Pan Junhao , Yang Yifan , Liu Jianyang
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a novel fall detection algorithm based infrared image is proposed. Firstly, the RetinexNet algorithm is adopted for the infrared image pre-processing and enhancement, then the YOLOv3 algorithm is improved by adding three bounding boxes to achieve the task of falling posture detection and recognition, finally a fall data set collected by ourselves is utilized to train and test the algorithm. The experimental results shows that our proposed algorithm achieves excellent fall detection accuracy result and outperforms the traditional YOLOv3 algorithm, the average accuracy of our proposed algorithm is more than 90.86%, which meets the requirements of the fall detection task quite well.
Research on heterogeneous acceleration platform based on FPGA
Authors: Meng Yuan , Yang Jun
Published: May 2022

In the context of today’s artificial intelligence, the volume of data is exploding. Although scaling distributed clusters horizontally to cope with the increasing demands on computing power for massive data processing is feasible. But the unlimited addition of nodes will lead to bloated cluster size. Most of the transistors in CPUs are used to build cache memory and control units, which are not efficient for computing operations of massive data processing. Currently, academia uses hardware devices such as GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) to accelerate deep learning, image processing, which require massive computational operations. The paper first discussed the advantages and technical requirements of FPGA acceleration based on the characteristics of the Spark cluster. Then the paper proposed the design of the FPGA-CPU heterogeneous acceleration platform, and introduced the base-two-FFT algorithm. Finally, the paper present and compared the computation time of the base-two-FFT algorithm before and after the acceleration. The results show that the heterogeneous cluster has a speedup ratio of about 1.79 times compared to the CPU cluster.
Whale optimization algorithm with opposition-based learning strategy for solving flexible job shop scheduling problem
Authors: Wu Mingliang , Yang Dongsheng , Liu Tianyi
Published: May 2022

Flexible job shop scheduling problem is the allocation of available shared resources and the sequencing of processing tasks within a certain period of time to meet certain or certain specific production indicators. The research and application of effective scheduling methods and optimization technologies are the foundation and key to realizing advanced manufacturing and improving production efficiency. Improving the production scheduling plan can greatly improve production efficiency and resource utilization, thereby enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises. Therefore, the production scheduling problem has always been a research hotspot in manufacturing systems. In this paper, we introduce the opposition-based learning strategy and combine it with whale optimization algorithm to solving flexible job shop scheduling problem better. 10 FJSP cases are introduced to test the performance of our algorithm and other comparison algorithms. The results obtrain show that our algorithm is more better and practical than other algorithm when dealing with FJSP cases.