bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological basis for the folkloric uses of Buxus wallichiana in gastrointestinal, respiratory and vascular disorders
Authors: Hussain Musaddique , Raza Shahid Masood , Janbaz Khalid Hussain
Published: May 2015

In vitro study was carried out to explore the pharmacological basis of crude extract of Buxus wallichiana for its folkloric uses in gastrointestinal, respiratory and vascular disorders. In jejunum preparations, crude extract (0.03 ± 1.0 mg/mL) caused a transient spasmogenic effect followed by the spasmolytic effect at higher doses (3.0–10 mg/mL). In atropinized jejunum preparation, crude extract inhibited the spontaneous and K+ (80 mM)-induced contraction, suggesting that spasmolytic effect is mediated through the Ca+2-channel blockade. The Ca+2-channel blockade effect was confirmed when pretreatment of tissue with extract produced a dose-dependent shift in Ca+2 concentration-response curves to the right, similarly as verapamil. Furthermore, crude extract exhibited non-specific relaxant effect on carbachol- (1 µM) and K+ (80 mM)-induced tracheal contractions, suggesting the coexistence of anticholi-nergic and Ca+2-antagonistic properties. Moreover, it relaxed the K+ (80 mM)- and phenylephrine (1 µM)-induced contraction in rabbit aorta, suggesting the Ca+2-channel blockade. These findings may validate the folkloric uses of B. wallichiana in constipation, bronchitis, asthma and hypertension.
Preparation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Cerium (IV) Oxide and Doped Cerium (IV) Oxide, Ce1-x-yMgxZryO2-?
Authors: Debnath T. , Tashmim L. , Ruscher C. H. , Hussain A.
Published: May 2015

Nanocrystalline cerium (IV) oxide is a technologically important material due to its high oxygen storage capacity, oxygen ionic conductivity and thermal stability. In this paper we report preparation of nanocrystalline CeO2 using glycerin nitrate method, where the precursor obtained from the mixture of cerium nitrate and glycerin were calcined at temperatures ranging from 200°C to 800°C in steps of 100°C in a muffle furnace. Attempts were also made to prepare nanocrystalline cerium (IV) oxide doped with both Mg and Zr using the same method. The calcined specimens were characterized using XRD, FTIR and SEM/EDX analyses. The influence of the calcination temperature on the cubic phase formation and its consequent effect on the crystallite size of the prepared CeO2 were studied and interpreted. The crystallite sizes calculated from XRD data using Scherrer formula reveal that the phases are nanocrystals, which was further supported by SEM photograph. The apparent activation energy for crystalline coarsening is found to be very low (26.8 kJmol-1) for this precursor compared to reported data. XRD data and also EDX analysis shows that both Mg and Zr could also be doped in CeO2 upto a certain composition,         Ce1-x-yMgxZryO2-?(x = 0.05, y = 0.05).
From the desk of Editor-a success story  a milestone
Authors: Yasmeen BH Nazma
Published: May 2015

Abstract not availableNorthern International Medical College Journal Vol.6(1) 2014: 3
Medical management of ectopic pregnancy - a case history
Authors: Akhter Shirin , Nazneen Rumana
Published: May 2015

Ectopic pregnancy described for the first time in the11th Century and later on it was described as pregnancy complication. Ectopic pregnancy is potentially life-threatening and remains the leading cause of maternal death. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy is increased during last years all over the world. Though Laparoscopic surgery is still the cornerstone of treatment in the majority of women, medical management is an alternative treatment option. If the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy can be made earlier non-invasively, medical treatment with systemic intramuscular Methotrexate (MTX) aimed at reducing mortality, morbidity and reducing costs, minimal intervention/non intervention on comparing with outcomes of surgical treatment. Fertility can be preserved also. Here we presented a case of recurrent ectopic pregnancy with left adnexal mass and stable general condition was treated with MTX successfullyNorthern International Medical College Journal Vol.6(1) 2014: 38-39
Near-infrared Fluorescence Optical Imaging in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comparison to Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasonography
Authors: Krohn Michaela , Ohrndorf Sarah , Werner Stephanie G. , Schicke Bernd , Burmester Gerd-Rüdiger , Hamm Bernd , Backhaus Marina , Hermann Kay-Geert A.
Published: May 2015

Objective.

Near-infrared fluorescence optical imaging (FOI) is a novel imaging technology in the detection and evaluation of different arthritides. FOI was validated in comparison to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), greyscale ultrasonography (GSUS), and power Doppler ultrasonography (PDUS) in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods.

Hands of 31 patients with early RA were examined by FOI, MRI, and US. In each modality, synovitis of the wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP) 2–5, and proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP) 2–5 were scored on a 4-point scale (0–3). Sensitivity and specificity of FOI were analyzed in comparison to MRI and US as reference methods, differentiating between 3 phases of FOI enhancement (P1–3). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to evaluate the agreement of FOI with MRI and US.

Results.

A total of 279 joints (31 wrists, 124 MCP and 124 PIP joints) were evaluated. With MRI as the reference method, overall sensitivity/specificity of FOI was 0.81/0.00, 0.49/0.84, and 0.86/0.38 for wrist, MCP, and PIP joints, respectively. Under application of PDUS as reference, sensitivity was even higher, while specificity turned out to be low, except for MCP joints (0.88/0.15, 0.81/0.76, and 1.00/0.27, respectively). P2 appears to be the most sensitive FOI phase, while P1 showed the highest specificity. The best agreement of FOI was shown for PDUS, especially with regard to MCP and PIP joints (ICC of 0.57 and 0.53, respectively), while correlation with MRI was slightly lower.

Conclusion.

FOI remains an interesting diagnostic tool for patients with early RA, although this study revealed limitations concerning the detection of synovitis. Further research is needed to evaluate its full diagnostic potential in rheumatic diseases.
Xiconhoca, o inimigo: Narrativas de violência sobre a construção da nação em Moçambique
Authors: Meneses Maria Paula
Published: May 2015

Este artigo analisa de forma ampla a transição política e as formas como a Frelimo tem lidado com a construção do projeto nacional, a partir de uma abordagem multidisciplinar e multissituada. O artigo discute a tentativa da criação do ‘homem novo’ no Moçambique independente, avaliando a continuidade da presença da figura do inimigo interno, representado pelo Xiconhoca. Analisa‑se, finalmente, o tema das reuniões de busca de verdade e de reconciliação realizadas em 1975 e 1982 para redimir os considerados traidores ou atores antissociais –, discutindo em maior detalhe o contexto político‑ideológico em que estas reuniões aconteceram, assim como as suas implicações no contexto da construção da cidadania e da história oficial de Moçambique. Esta análise procura contribuir para repensar a violência comunitária e estatal em Moçambique e o papel de encontros de busca da verdade e de reconciliação nos processos de descolonização política.
Entre história e ficção: O fracasso do homem de exceção. Une saison au Congo (Aimé Césaire) e Lumumba (Raoul Peck)
Authors: Schurmans Fabrice
Published: May 2015

Este artigo analisa o modo como a tragédia de Aimé Césaire e o filme de Raoul Peck contribuem para a produção do discurso histórico relativo ao desaparecimento de Patrice Lumumba. Na primeira parte, abordo a ligação entre ficção e história à luz do debate contemporâneo relativo à capacidade de o romance fazer e dizer a história, assim como ao que a história retira da ficção. Na segunda parte, o texto incide sobre os contextos respetivos de ambas as obras, o que permitirá afinar a análise da peça e do filme. Por fim, na terceira parte, evidenciarei a maneira como Césaire e Peck representam a figura de Lumumba e reavaliam o passado colonial belga.
Violência colonial e testemunho: Para uma memória pós-abissal
Authors: Martins Bruno Sena
Published: May 2015

O silenciamento da Guerra Colonial portuguesa/ Guerras de Libertação (1961-1974) constitui um dos elementos mais estruturantes da reconstrução democrática e pós-imperial da sociedade portuguesa. Partindo de uma extensa recolha de histórias de vida de “deficientes das Forças Armadas”, o presente texto procura analisar as lutas pelo sentido trazidas pelas suas narrativas. Por um lado, procuramos perceber os termos de um confronto entre uma memória da violência, corporalmente inscrita, e a denegação da violência colonial no senso comum do Portugal democrático. Por outro, procuramos compreender de que modo a noção de uma guerra evitável e injusta, crescentemente sedimentada após o seu ocaso, cria um paradoxo para aqueles que, tendo sido parte de uma força agressora, se configuram como vítimas.
Les limites de la cartographie des risques littoraux : des perspectives pour la compréhension de tous
Authors: Arnaud Aurélie
Published: May 2015

Grâce à l’utilisation d’un langage à la fois figuratif et symbolique, la carte est considérée comme une image qui permet une « lecture globale et instantanée » de l’information (Levy, 2002). La carte offre la possibilité de lire un ensemble de représentations de l’espace. Si son support de lecture répandu est le papier, les écrans (ordinateurs, tablettes et téléphones) deviennent actuellement des interfaces de visualisation privilégiées. Ceux-ci s’accompagnent de deux apports technologiques cruciaux : les logiciels SIG (Système d’information géographique) et les TIC (Technologies de l’information et de la communication), dont la technologie Web. Ces avènements ont permis à la carte de se développer et de devenir un véritable outil de travail, de communication et d’aide à la décision, en facilitant l’observation et l’analyse des phénomènes - interactions entre des processus de l’organisation humaine avec son milieu non humain - sur un espace et dans le temps. Cet ère du numérique associée aux appareils embarqués (portables) révolutionne à la fois la « fabrique de la carte » par/pour les scientifiques, mais également son accès au grand public et aux décideurs. Cependant, l’émergence de cette nouvelle cartographie ne doit pas faire oublier les règles et les méthodes essentielles de sa construction afin de représenter les bonnes dimensions de l’information en fonction de l’utilisateur final et de limiter/éliminer la subjectivité de son concepteur. En 2010, la tempête Xynthia qui a frappé l’ouest de la France marque le développement d’une large production cartographique très contestée (Mercier et al, 2012), imposant un requestionnement des processus de constructions de la carte. Xynthia montre également que la cartographie incarne une technique capable, comme toute autre technique, d’être transgressée pour servir, non pas des intérêts communs, mais particuliers. Afin de mieux comprendre ces phénomènes, nous souhaitons dans cet article expliquer les processus de construction d’une carte tout en analysant les limites qui s’immiscent dans chaque étape, et plus particulièrement dans les cartes appliquées aux risques littoraux. Ceux-ci présentent des enjeux importants - notamment liés à l’économie touristique et marine - et sont soumis à des aléas croissants (fréquence des tempêtes, élévation du niveau des océans, etc.). Par ailleurs, les communes littorales présentent le plus grand nombre d’arrêtés de catastrophe naturelle – Catnat (ONRS, 2011 et BD GASPAR). Fort de ce constat, nous dégageons quelques recommandations dans les domaines de l’adaptation de la carte aux utilisateurs finaux puisqu’elle présente un enjeu majeur dans l’aide à la décision auprès des acteurs locaux et la communication auprès du grand public (habitants comme touristes).
Le changement climatique et les propriétés du Conservatoire du littoral
Authors: Doze Élodie
Published: May 2015

Chargé de mener une politique foncière de sauvegarde de l’espace littoral et de préservation des équilibres écologiques, le Conservatoire du littoral est confronté, en sa qualité de propriétaire, à la problématique de la gestion des risques littoraux liés au changement climatique. Ce nouveau défi pose la question des stratégies d’adaptation à mettre en œuvre et de la place de l’établissement dans les processus de concertation multi-acteurs. Le Conservatoire doit-il laisser évoluer librement le rivage dans une optique de plus grande naturalité? Doit-il participer à la protection des populations, en acceptant la pérennisation ou la mise en œuvre de moyens de défense contre la mer sur ses terrains? Ses priorités d’acquisition doivent-elles être réajustées au regard de ces risques nouveaux? Attentif aux considérations de sécurité qui préoccupent les habitants des zones littorales et fidèles à ses principes de fonctionnement, l’établissement n’adopte pas de positionnement dogmatique à ce jour et prend plutôt le parti de définir ses stratégies au gré des situations territoriales rencontrées. Un travail de prospective sur les modalités d’adaptation à long terme, et sur l’évolution de la stratégie d’acquisition a néanmoins été initié, avec un objectif : anticiper les possibles dans le but de faire face à un avenir incertain. Naviguant entre le présent et cet horizon des futurs, l’article met en lumière un questionnement juridique sur le jeu des responsabilités et les missions de cet acteur littoral atypique.
La prise en compte de la submersion marine par la loi littoral
Authors: Prieur Loïc , Leost Raymond
Published: May 2015

La tempête Xynthia a montré les failles du dispositif juridique encadrant l’urbanisation en bordure du rivage de la mer. Le présent article analyse l’état actuel du dispositif de la loi littoral, pierre angulaire du cadre juridique de maîtrise de l’urbanisation sur les communes littorales, qui n’aborde la question des submersions marines que de manière indirecte. Au-delà de l’analyse du dispositif existant, les auteurs proposent des modifications aux dispositions de la loi littoral afin qu’elle intègre la problématique des submersions marines, et permette in fine une prise en compte effective du risque naturel dans la politique d’aménagement du littoral.
The Factors Influencing Taxpayers' Acceptance of E-Taxation System
Authors: Gercek Adnan , Demirbas Tolga , Giray Filiz , Oguzlar Ayse , Yuce Mehmet
Published: May 2015

E-taxation is one of the most popular e-government services. Most countries are focused on implementing an e-taxation system. The success of an e-taxation system depends on the taxpayers' acceptance of it. The taxpayers' intention to use an e-taxation system is determined by various factors. This chapter, based on empirical data collected from a survey of 505 respondents in Turkey, seeks to identify the factors that influence the taxpayers' acceptance of e-taxation system. It test various constructs of the UTAUT model – performance expectancy, trust perception, perceived risk, effort expectancy and facilitating conditions – on Turkish taxpayers' intention to use the e-taxation system. Structural equation modeling is used to analyze the effects of these variables on intention to use. The results indicate that performance expectancy and perceived risk have a significant impact on behavioral intention and that effort expectancy and facilitating conditions have a significant impact on intention to use.
Dynamic Relationship between Stock Prices and Exchange Rates in Emerging Markets
Authors: Akel Veli , Kandır SerkanYılmaz , Yavuz Özge Selvi
Published: May 2015

All the emerging markets are vulnerable to the fears of capital outflows after the US Federal Reserve's tapering on May 22, 2013. The term “Fragile Five” was introduced by a research note of Morgan Stanley to refer to the countries of Brazil, India, Indonesia, South Africa and Turkey. The aim of this study is to examine whether there are stock and foreign exchange markets integration among Brazil, India, Indonesia, South Africa and Turkey. The authors employ cointegration-based tests, vector error correction modeling techniques, and Granger causality tests to examine the long-run and short-run linkages between stock prices and exchange rates. The results of cointegration tests suggest that there is one long-run stationary relationship between the stock indices and the foreign exchange rates. Four of the Fragile Five (excluding Brazil) show that the stock prices are positively associated with exchange rates. Finally, vector error correction estimates lead to miscellaneous results.
An Assessment on Inflation Risk and Its Effects on Business Operations
Authors: Hacıoğlu Ümit , Dinçer Hasan , Parlak Burcu
Published: May 2015

The latest economic crisis in the world affected business operations and decision making process at management rank. One of the major components of financial system is business organizations within the financial environment, which injects cash to the system and individuals. Therefore, fluctuations in financial system regarding inflationary trends should be evaluated and risk management functions for banking operations should be facilitated. In this chapter, operating mechanism of financial system, risks, inflation and the effects of inflation on business operations have been outlined from a theoretical perspective.
Foreign Direct Investment in the Cement Industry of Turkey
Authors: Gökmen Aytaç
Published: May 2015

The cement sector contributes to the development of the GDP and also the creation of employment opportunities in Turkey. The cement production is made of 100% national inputs and it is exported to 90 countries in the world. Additionally, it attracted an important portion of foreign direct investment (FDI) by means of the privatization operations. However, despite its importance, the cement sector of Turkey is very fragile, especially in times of global crisis and economic downturns. Eventually, the aim of this chapter is to review the cement sector of Turkey, analyze the foreign participation and work out its overall contribution to the entire economic capacity of Turkey depending on credible national and international publications.
Use of Social Media in Marketing Library and Information Services in Nigeria Libraries
Authors: Nduka Stella C.
Published: May 2015

This chapter aims to examine the use of social media in marketing library and information services in Nigeria libraries. The growing use of social media such as Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, YouTube by users in the 21st century is providing new challenges for libraries and librarians in Nigeria to keep up to with the growing needs of their users. The main purpose of this chapter is to examine the use of social media in the marketing of various library services and products. This chapter also attempts to describe the role of social media in library services and the various opportunities of using social media tools in marketing library products and services. In addition, the challenges faced by libraries in Nigeria in the use of social media are highlighted and possible recommendations are made.
Social Media and Academic Performance of Library and Information Science Undergraduates
Authors: Ogunleye Deborah Ajibola
Published: May 2015

This chapter examines the use of social media in the training and education of undergraduates of Library and Information Science. The target population of the study comprises of Library and Information Science (LIS) undergraduate students selected from two tertiary education institutions in Kwara State, Nigeria. From this population, 260 LIS undergraduates selected through a simple random sampling technique represent the sample for the study. A self-developed questionnaire was used to gather data from the respondents. Descriptive statistical data analysis method was use to analyse the collected data. The results of the study are presented using frequency tables, percentages, and charts. The major findings from the study are that LIS undergraduates and lecturers from the participating tertiary institutions in Kwara State perceive social media as mainly for chatting with friends and relatives. The findings also indicate that making use of social media contributes to undergraduates' grades and thereby improves their academic performance.
Innovation Policies and Barriers to Innovation
Authors: Corchuelo Beatriz , Mesías Francisco J.
Published: May 2015

Innovation is an important source of economic growth and a key to the competitiveness of firms, which are the main agents of innovation systems. The main objective of this chapter is to analyze entrepreneurial innovation in Extremadura (Spain), exploring, specially, the barriers that firms find and the actions (public policies) that firms demand from Government to reduce such obstacles. To do this, the authors have elaborated an ad hoc survey with some specific questions and focused on issues not covered by other Spanish or international surveys about innovation. Data were collected in 2013 from a representative sample of manufacturing and KIBS companies in Extremadura. Results show that although innovation is considered an essential source of competitiveness, there is an important unwillingness to innovate in non-innovative firms. Both innovative and non-innovative firms detect the presence of barriers to innovation highlighting the perceived lack of support from government.
Innovation in Healthcare Organizations
Authors: Rua Orlando Lima , Correia Maria João
Published: May 2015

The main purpose of this chapter is to analyse innovation in organizations of the Portuguese healthcare sector, in order to identify its critical success factors. In this study, the authors followed a quantitative approach, combining statistical and documental analysis, through the Community Innovation Survey data analysis and processing, thus performing an exploratory, descriptive and transversal study. The healthcare sector reveals dynamism in introducing products that are new to the market and the company, mainly through a closed innovation process. External cooperation is preferably R&D-oriented, and there is low involvement of market agents in R&D activities, through partnerships. However, these are seen as an important source of information and organizations seek to meet their needs. Different types of organizations adopt different innovation strategies, depending on their market and current situation, which translates into a contextual innovation policy, in line with the current theoretical developments.
Innovation in the Indian Banking Industry
Authors: Billore Soniya , Billore Gautam
Published: May 2015

The purpose of the chapter is to discuss the evolution of the Indian banking industry and the role of innovation within the industry. It explores the motivations for innovation, types, actors involved, investments made and protection issues of banking innovations. The study showcases the current situation while also instigating future possibilities of research for the topic. To meet the objective, data was obtained via interviews with management representatives of 5 Indian banks. Given the changes witnessed by the Indian banking industry since independence and after the liberalization phase in 1991, innovation in Indian banking is seen as a fit solution for addressing the increased competition in this sector. Innovation is seen as important to create differentiation and respond to evolving consumer needs. Given the paucity of academic literature on innovation in Indian banking, this exploratory study can be taken as contributory to academics and research for this topic.
Comparison of Internationalization Degree of Public Higher Education Institutions in Portugal and Spain
Authors: Amorim de Sousa Marina , Palacios Tomás Bañegil , Martínez-Azúa Beatriz Corchuelo
Published: May 2015

The study object of the research described in this chapter is the internationalization of the public university both in Portugal and Spain. In this research, these countries' university is modeled as an open system in which the institutional and national levels are highlighted. The regional and global levels are indirectly considered by the influence they have on the national and institutional levels. A two-fold analysis was conducted: first, a preliminary qualitative one about the present situation of both Spanish and Portuguese public universities internationalization, based on the available official data sources; second, the quantitative analysis of the results got in the responded questionnaires. This study may contribute to understanding of the nature of Portuguese and Spanish public universities' internationalization process as well as the guidelines that may better contribute to reinforce their internationalization.
Internationalization of Polish Higher Education within Knowledge Transfer and Innovation
Authors: Barcik Agnieszka , Dziwiński Piotr
Published: May 2015

Internationalization of higher education in Poland is a relatively new subject which has been gradually gaining its importance. The economic and political transformation of Poland opened new opportunities for Polish universities. The accession to the European Union enabled the educational and research units to apply for European funds in this respect. Despite numerous difficulties, the universities reform their strategies and search for new solutions to increase the level of internationalization and thus their competitiveness. These actions are necessary and crucial for their further development. The chapter describes general issues of internationalization of Polish higher education and shows that the level of internationalization may be achieved successfully by various forms of cross-border cooperation. Polish-Czech cooperation in the field of knowledge transfer and innovation carried out by two partner universities located in the Polish – Czech borderland is a case study illustrating this process.
Understanding Social Innovation in the Context of Social Enterprises
Authors: João Iraci de Souza , Galina Simone. V. R.
Published: May 2015

In this chapter, it is possible to verify how social enterprises work on social innovations, as well as practices adopted by them to generate social innovation (SI). The SI is one of the ways of creating social value via solutions that enhance sustainable social welfare, and it is predominantly disseminated by organizations with a social mission like social enterprise. To verify how social enterprises work on social innovations, as well as practices adopted by them to generate social innovation, an exploratory study was developed. For primary data collection the technique of in-depth interviews with semi-structured script was adopted. The SI has the community as an active participant in the process, with successful innovation, in many cases, dependent on the collective capacity of people. The use of this technique for managing the processes of creative generation shows that companies organize themselves to manage the SI. Likewise, benchmarking was used in all three cases, supporting the theory that social innovation is not merely the fruit of originality, but also new applications for existing knowledge.
R&D Activities in Family Firms
Authors: Paiva Inna Sousa , Lourenço Isabel Costa
Published: May 2015

This chapter investigates R&D investment in publicly listed family firms, and highlights the distinctions between these and non-family firms. The empirical study draws on data on German firms and their level of R&D expenditure between 2001 and 2012. The study finds that family firms spend more on R&D than non-family firms, confirming findings from the literature that long-term business orientation, superior performance and entrepreneurial success are characteristics of family firms. The research helps explain the differences between the R&D investment activities of family and non-family firms and contributes to the understanding of R&D activities of family firms, suggesting that family ownership is responsible for their strong entrepreneurial and innovation orientation.
Innovation in Experiential Services
Authors: Afonso Victor Alves , Calisto Maria de Lurdes
Published: May 2015

Experiential services are growing within the service economy. In these companies, the focus is on the experience of the customer, rather than just the functional benefits delivered. These types of services are often designed from the perspective of the customer's journey rather than as a single transaction; the services are seen as a journey that spans a longer period and consists of multiple components and multiple touch points. Therefore, these types of services have specific characteristics with implications in strategic decisions and innovation management. It is relevant to question how the usual innovation concepts, typologies and models apply to these industries, and because most of these industries usually operate worldwide, innovation management must consider this. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze innovation in experiential services with a focus in internationalized companies, as this poses challenges such as the dichotomy between standardization and local adaptation of services.
ICTs
Authors: Dunne Kerill
Published: May 2015

Within Western democracies there has been a growing demand to use ICT to enable citizens to get more involved with local political issues. Western local governments have claimed that ICT can empower citizens and strengthen local democracy. This paper will focus on one aspect of this and examine the provision of online direct democracy and whether citizens do indeed have the opportunity to vote more in local policy decision making. Using Michel Foucault's concepts of power and domination this research will explore if local governments and their citizens, through strategies of power, use one type of ICT, online forums, to change local representative democracy. In order to examine whether online forums can increase direct democracy for citizens, a quantitative data collection method was implemented in this study which produced a data set of 138 online forums. This article argues that online forums do not increase direct democracy, because citizens along with local governments use ICT to maintain the political status quo online?
Communicative and Persuasive Strategies in the Bulgarian Parliamentary Elections 2014
Authors: Seizov Ognyan
Published: May 2015

The field of political communication has long cast its eye on the Internet and beyond its traditional US-American focus. Nevertheless, research into the Web's full palette of expression means as well as across a wider, non-Western territory, remains modest. This paper analyzes how five major Bulgarian political parties presented themselves on the Web in one of the most heated and controversial elections since the fall of the totalitarian regime in 1989/1990. To shine a light on Bulgarian political communication, the paper takes the October 2014 parliamentary election campaign in Bulgaria, which took place amid unprecedented society-wide discontent and tension. It takes a close look at five major parties' online platforms. It applies a multimodal content-analytical framework to a total of N=64 webpages. Distinct visual, textual, and multimodal persuasive strategies flesh out, and their relationships to each party's background and poll performance are explored.
Blended Learning Over Two Decades
Authors: Zhonggen Yu
Published: May 2015

The 21st century has witnessed vast amounts of research into blended learning since the conception of online learning formed the possibility of blended learning in the early 1990s. The theme of this paper is blended learning in mainstream disciplinary communities. In particular, the paper reports on findings from the last two decades which looked at origination, development and future of blended learning through articles and other research publications. Based on over thirty journal articles indexed in Social Sciences Citation Index and other important databases, coupled with other related publications, this study explored the definition, advantages and problems of blended learning, arriving at the conclusion that more deficits may exist in either sole online or classroom learning compared with blended learning which combines both approaches although there may still be a certain number of disputes over blended learning. Educational and non-educational institutions may be wise to innovate their pedagogy towards a blended mode despite economic costs and other possible losses.
Effects of Commercial Web Videos on Students' Attitude toward Learning Technology
Authors: Tai Yaming , Ting Yu-Liang
Published: May 2015

This study values the broad range of web videos produced by businesses to introduce new technologies while also promoting their products. When the promoted technology is related to the topic taught in a school course, it may be beneficial for students to watch such videos. However, most students view the web as source for entertainment, and may have negative attitudes toward adopting these web videos in classroom. This study examines how students' attitudes toward a technology vary as the commercial web video is used to deliver the subject content. A quantitative survey is conduct in the dimension of interest, confidence, and value. The preliminary findings reveal that the commercial web videos did provide positive learning effect upon these three dimensions of learning attitude. The results suggest a plausible way of leveraging commercial web videos in school teaching. Further discussions provide some insights in using commercial web videos in teaching.
Guidance on the Use of Learning Strategies in Distance Education (DE) as a Function of Age and Gender
Authors: Alliprandini Paula Mariza Zedu , Pavesi Marilza Aparecida , Vicentini Dayanne , Sekitani Juliane Tiemi
Published: May 2015

This study aims to determine whether there are differences in the use of learning strategies used by students enrolled in courses offered in the format of Distance Learning (DL) by gender and age of participants. A total of 402 students responded to a range of learning strategies evaluations - version adapted for distance learning, containing 49 closed items () and an open question. Part of the data collection was conducted online and the other part in person. The results show significant differences on the use of cognitive and meta-cognitive strategies and by gender and showed that female participants are more strategic than male. Significant differences were also noted in the use of cognitive strategies regarding the age variable, with younger participants being less strategic than others. These results provide important educational implications for distance education.
Negotiating Transitions: Involvement of Critical Care Outreach Teams in End-of-Life Decision Making
Authors: Pattison Natalie , O’Gara Geraldine , Wigmore Timothy
Published: May 2015

Background

Little research has examined the involvement of critical care outreach teams in end-of-life decision making.

Objective

To establish how much time critical care outreach teams spend with patients who are subsequently subject to limitation of medical treatment and end-of-life decisions and how much influence the teams have on those decisions.

Methods

A single-center retrospective review, with qualitative analysis, in a large cancer center. Data from all patients referred emergently for critical care outreach from October 2010 to October 2011 who later had limitation of medical treatment or end-of-life care were retrieved. Findings were analyzed by using SPSS 19 and qualitative free-text analysis.

Results

Of 890 patients referred for critical care outreach from October 2010 to October 2011, 377 were referred as an emergency; 108 of those had limitation of medical treatment and were included in the review. Thirty-five patients (32.4%) died while hospitalized. As a result of outreach intervention and a decision to limit medical treatment, 56 (51.9%) of the 108 patients received a formal end-of-life care plan (including care pathways, referral to palliative care team, hospice). About a fifth (21.5%) of clinical contact time is being spent on patients who subsequently are subject to limitation of medical treatment. Qualitative document analysis showed 5 emerging themes: difficulty of discussions about not attempting cardiopulmonary resuscitation, complexities in coordinating multiple teams, delays in referral and decision making, decision reversals and opaque decision making, and technical versus ethical imperatives.

Conclusion

A considerable amount of time is being spent on these emergency referrals, and decisions to limit medical treatment are common. The appropriateness of escalation of levels of care is often not questioned until patients become critically or acutely unwell, and outreach teams subsequently intervene.
Betti Numbers and Flat Dimensions of Local Cohomology Modules
Authors: Vahidi Alireza
Published: May 2015

Assume that R is a commutative Noetherian ring with non-zero identity, 𝔞 is an ideal of R, and X is an R-module. In this paper, we first study the finiteness of Betti numbers of local cohomology modules . Then we give some inequalities between the Betti numbers of X and those of its local cohomology modules. Finally, we present many upper bounds for the flat dimension of X in terms of the flat dimensions of its local cohomology modules and an upper bound for the flat dimension of in terms of the flat dimensions of the modules , and that of X.
Solubility Evaluation of Different Root Canal Sealing Materials
Authors: Bayram Emre , Dalat Dilek , Bayram Melike
Published: May 2015

Aim

To evaluate the solubility of five different root canal sealers (AH Plus Jet, RealSeal SE, MTA Fillapex, Tubli-Seal, and Acroseal) in chloroform, eucalyptol and Endosolv-E solvents.

Materials and methods

Ninety root canal sealer samples were prepared and then divided into three groups for immersion in a solvent for 2, 5 or 10 minutes. The mean values of the root canal sealers’ dissolution in the solvents were obtained by the difference between the preimmersion original weight and the post-immersion weight on a digital analytical scale. Data were statistically analyzed by a Kruskal-Wallis test with a Bonferroni correction.

Results

Chloroform was a more effective solvent than eucalyptol or Endosolv E for all root canal sealers, except for RealSeal SE, at all time points (p < 0.003). RealSeal SE was the least soluble sealer in all solvents at all time points.

Conclusion

Chloroform demonstrated a superior ability over other solvents in dissolving canal sealing materials, and eucalyptol was found to be the least effective solvent in this study.

Clinical significance

This study can help to the clinicians about which solvent should be preferred for solving the filling materials in retreatment cases.

How to cite this article

Bayram E, Dalat D, Bayram M. Solubility Evaluation of Different Root Canal Sealing Materials. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(2):96-100.
On the Irreducibility of Artin's Group of Graphs
Authors: M. Dally Malak , Abdulrahim Mohammad N.
Published: May 2015

We consider the graph $E_{3,1}$ with three generators $\sigma_1, \sigma_2, \delta$, where $\sigma_1$ has an edge with each of $\;\sigma_2$ and  $\;\delta$. We then define the Artin group of the graph $E_{3,1}$ and consider its  reduced  Perron representation of degree three. After we specialize the indeterminates used in defining the representation to  non-zero complex numbers, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition that guarantees the irreducibility of the representation.
Mongolia’s Foreign Policy Revisited Its Relations with Russia and China
Authors: Tumurchuluum G
Published: May 2015

Mongolian Journal of International Affairs Vol.2 1995: 35-43
Mongolia and Northeast Asia
Authors: Choinkhor J
Published: May 2015

Mongolian Journal of International Affairs Vol.2 1995: 44-50
Mongolia and India
Authors: Nyamdavaa O
Published: May 2015

Mongolian Journal of International Affairs Vol.3 1996: 43-49
A Mongol’s View of Economic Development And Cooperation in Northeast Asia
Authors: Olzvoy Kh
Published: May 2015

Mongolian Journal of International Affairs Vol.3 1996: 50-55
The Security of Mongolia
Authors: Schwarz HG
Published: May 2015

Mongolian Journal of International Affairs Vol.3 1996: 63-72
Improved Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Utilizing Integrative Medicine: a Case Report
Authors: Grise Diane E. , Mcallister Heath M. , Langland Jeffrey
Published: May 2015

This case report demonstrates a successful approach to managing patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Botanical herbs (including Gymnema sylvestre) and nutrients (including alpha lipoic acid and chromium) were used alongside metformin to help improve insulin sensitization; however, the greatest emphasis of treatment for this patient centered on a low-carbohydrate, whole-foods diet and regular exercise that shifted the focus to the patient's role in controlling their disease. Research on DM2 often focuses on improving drug efficacy while diet and lifestyle are generally overlooked as both a preventive and curative tool. During the 7 months of treatment, the patient's hemoglobin A1c and fasting glucose significantly decreased to within normal ranges and both cholesterol and liver enzyme markers normalized. A significant body of evidence already exists advocating for disease management using various diets, including Mediterranean, low-carb, and low-fat vegan diets; however, no clear dietary standards have been established. This study supports the use of naturopathic medicine as well as dietary and lifestyle changes to develop the most efficacious approach for the treatment of DM2.
Living in Health, Harmony, and Beauty: The Diné (Navajo) Hózhó Wellness Philosophy
Authors: Kahn-John (Diné) Michelle , Koithan Mary
Published: May 2015

Hózhó is the complex wellness philosophy and belief system of the Diné (Navajo) people, comprised of principles that guide one's thoughts, actions, behaviors, and speech. The alignment of integrative nursing principles and the Hózhó Wellness Philosophy illustrates the power that integrative nursing offers as a meta-theoretical perspective that can transform our healthcare system so that it is inclusive and responsive to the needs of our varied populations. Integrative nursing offers the opportunity to re-introduce cultural wellness wisdom, such as Hózhó, as a means to improve whole-person/whole-systems wellbeing and resilience. Integrative nursing, through the acceptance and validation of indigenous health-sustaining wisdom, contributes to the delivery of effective, authentic, culturally tailored, whole-person/whole-system, patient-centered, relationship-based healthcare. Highlighting the Diné Hózhó philosophy re-introduces this philosophy to the Diné, other American Indian/Alaska Native nations, global indigenous cultures, and even nonindigenous people of the world as a means to promote and sustain global health and wellbeing.
Light, camera, tuberculosis: professional actors, supporting weaknesses or vice versa?
Authors: Trigueiro Janaína Von Söhsten , Nogueira Jordana de Almeida , Sá Lenilde Duarte de , Trigueiro Débora Raquel Soares Guedes , Barrêto Anne Jaqueline Roque , Ramalho Renata Figueiredo
Published: May 2015

Objetivo: analisar as potencialidades e fragilidades da prática de gestores que desenvolvem ações relacionadas ao controle da tuberculose em municípios da região metropolitana de João Pessoa-PB. Método: realizou-se um estudo qualitativo, descritivo-exploratório, entre maio e julho de 2009, com amostra constituída de 8 profissionais. Resultados: evidenciaram que o cenário de atuação para aqueles que desempenham as ações do controle da tuberculose é repleto de controvérsias e de dificuldades que potencializam as fragilidades já existentes. Conclusão: ao observar o desempenho dos atores/gestores visualiza-se desarticulação do serviço, muitas vezes ausência de conhecimento do verdadeiro script de atuação, falta de perfil para entrar em cena e, sobretudo, equipes de saúde figurantes, ou seja, descomprometidas e desqualificadas para viver o papel de protagonista no combate a esse agravo.
Prevention of falls in the elderly in the home: promoting active ageing
Authors: Gemito Maria Laurência Parreirinha , Batinas Maria de Fátima Sousa , Mendes Felismina Rosa Parreira , Santos Silvana Sidney Costa , Lopes Manuel José
Published: May 2015

Objetivo: Conhecer a frequência de quedas e identificar fatores de risco no domicílio dos idosos do Serviço de Apoio Domiciliário de uma vila alentejana (Portugal). Método: Estudo exploratório, descritivo. O grupo alvo foram os idosos do Serviço de Apoio Domiciliário (23). O questionário é composto de perguntas abertas e fechadas, teve subjacente a Avaliação da Segurança em Casa de Jefferson Area Board for Aging; Instrumento para Avaliar o Risco de Quedas e Adaptações no Domicílio para Prevenir Quedas. Resultados: Dos 23 idosos, 13 são homens; idade média de 85 anos; 10 viúvos; 11 vivem sozinhos; 12 não sabem ler nem escrever; 17 sofreram quedas, o desequilíbrio foi a causa principal. Referem alterações na visão (21), audição (14), doenças reumáticas (14); hipertensão (19); usam 4 ou mais medicamentos diariamente (16). Conclusão: As mudanças fisiológicas decorrentes do envelhecimento podem aumentar o risco de quedas. Pelas consequências é um campo prioritário da intervenção comunitária.
Caring for the caregiver: experiences related to alzheimer's disease
Authors: Meneses Rejane Millions Viana , Aguiar Virgínia Simonato
Published: May 2015

Objetivo: Compreender os sentimentos e dificuldades enfrentadas pelo cuidador familiar à pessoa acometida pela Doença de Alzheimer (DA). Método: Trata-se de reflexão para compreensão do fenômeno estudado, utilizando a história oral de vida à luz de Bom Meihy. Resultados: A discussão do fenômeno pautou-se na análise de cinco categorias: incorporação do papel de cuidador familiar, a vida antes e após assumir o papel de cuidador,sentimentos do cuidador após assumir o cuidado, dificuldades no cuidado, participação do grupo como alicerce para os cuidadores,possibilitando a construção de novas formas de abordagem e cuidado às pessoas que desempenham o papel de cuidador familiar. Conclusão: Percebeu-se com essa pesquisa que a situação vivenciada pelo cuidador familiar de uma pessoa acometida pela DA é uma questão de saúde pública evidenciando a premência de medidas governamentais de caráter político-social, além de programas de atenção e promoção da saúde ao referido público alvo.
Meaning and influences of domestic violence: feelings reflected by women in the state of violence
Authors: Soares Maria Cidney da Silva , Silva Geane , Medeiros Cláudia Maria Ramos , Araújo Verbena Santos , Cordeiro Renata Cavalcanti , Dias Maria Djair
Published: May 2015

Objetivo: Identificar sentimentos de mulheres vítimas de violência doméstica. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa desenvolvida em setembro de 2011, em uma delegacia da mulher, com 11 mulheres que denunciaram a violência sofrida. Utilizou-se a oficina para produzir o material empírico por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada, as quais foram gravadas e transcritas na íntegra para serem analisados de acordo com a análise de conteúdo do tipo categorial temática. Somente após anuência do comitê de ética e pesquisa sob protocolo de número: 0078.0.405.000-11 esta pesquisa foi operacionalizada. Resultados: Os resultados apontam que mulheres são vulneráveis a violência por uma questão socialmente construída de que ela é inferior ao gênero masculino devendo ser submissa e obedecê-lo. Conclusão: As mulheres vítimas de violência expressam sentimentos de angústia, descrença e vergonha, tendo a esperança como forma de prosseguir apesar de todos os abusos e violência sofrida.