bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of instability mechanisms on sharp and blunt slender cones at Mach 6
Authors: Kennedy Richard E. , Jewell Joseph S. , Paredes Pedro , Laurence Stuart J.
Published: February 2022

Experiments are performed to investigate the effect of nose-tip bluntness on the instability mechanisms leading to boundary-layer transition on a

$7^{\circ }$

half-angle cone in a Mach-6 free stream. The development of disturbances is characterized using a combination of high-speed calibrated schlieren images and pressure measurements, and the data are compared with results computed using the parabolized stability equations. The approximately 414 mm long cone model is equipped with an interchangeable nose tip ranging from sharp to 5.08 mm in radius. For nose tips with a radius

$R_{N}<2.54\ {\rm mm}$

, second-mode instability waves are the dominant mechanism leading to transition. Time-averaged frequency spectra computed from the calibrated schlieren visualizations and pressure measurements are used to compute the second-mode most-amplified frequencies and integrated amplification rates (

$N$

factors). Good agreement is observed between the measurements and computations in the linear-growth regime for the sharp-nose configuration at each free-stream condition. Additionally, a bispectral analysis identifies quadratic phase locking of frequency content responsible for the growth of higher harmonics. For nose tips of

$R_{N}\geqslant 2.54\ {\rm mm}$

, the schlieren visualization region is upstream of the entropy-layer swallowing length, and second-mode waves are no longer visible within the boundary layer; instead, elongated, steeply inclined features believed to be associated with non-modal instability mechanisms develop between the entropy-layer and boundary-layer edges. Simultaneously acquired surface pressure measurements reveal high-frequency pressure oscillations similar to second-mode instability waves associated with the trailing edge of these non-modal features.
Full dynamic model of 3-U

P

U translational parallel manipulator for model-based control schemes
Authors: Hassani Ali , Khalilpour S. A. , Bataleblu Abbas , Taghirad Hamid D.
Published: February 2022

Optimal mechanical design, model-based control, and robot dynamic calibration mainly rely on the analytical formulation of robot dynamics. In this paper, the kinematics equations of a general 3-UPU translational parallel manipulator (TPM) are derived, and then, by using the principle of the virtual work theorem, the full implicit dynamic model is derived. Furthermore, by making some modifications, the explicit dynamic formulation of the robot is attained, which is the basis of a wide range of advanced model-based controllers. To validate the proposed formulation, a prototype of the 3-UPU TPM is modeled in MSC-ADAMS® software, and the results of the dynamic formulation are validated using this model. The results show the high accuracy of the proposed dynamic formulation presented in this article.
The Health Humanities and Emergency Medical Services (EMS): A Call to Action
Authors: Morse Kiriana A. , Balhara Kamna S. , Irvin Nathan A. , Levy Matthew J.
Published: February 2022

In the context of an on-going global pandemic that has demanded increasingly more of our Emergency Medical Services (EMS) clinicians, the health humanities can function to aid in educational training, promoting resilience and wellness, and allowing opportunity for self-expression to help prevent vicarious trauma.

As the social, cultural, and political landscape of the United States continues to require an expanded scope of practice from our EMS clinicians, it is critical that the health humanities are implemented as not only part of EMS training, but also as part of continued practice in order to ensure the highest quality patient-centered care while protecting the longevity and resilience of EMS clinicians.
Climatology of the Vertical Profiles of Polarimetric Radar Variables and Retrieved Microphysical Parameters in Continental/Tropical MCSs and Landfalling Hurricanes
Authors: Hu Jiaxi , Ryzhkov Alexander
Published: February 2022

Most existing cloud models tend to overestimate the size of cloud ice particles and underestimate their concentration. This emphasizes the need to provide a reliable observational reference to optimize cloud model performance, particularly in areas of high concentration of ice at high altitudes. The dual‐polarization radars give the community a unique opportunity to quantify cloud ice with a good accuracy using polarimetric radar retrievals. In this study, we utilize the network of operational WSR‐88D radars to build a climatology of the vertical profiles of radar variables, such as radar reflectivity Z, differential reflectivity ZDR, and specific differential phase KDP as well as the radar‐retrieved vertical profiles of ice water content (IWC) above the melting layer and liquid water content below it, mean volume diameter Dm, and total number concentration Nt of ice and liquid particles. Such climatology was created for continental/marine mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and tropical cyclones including hurricanes. The dataset includes 13 continental MCSs, 10 marine MCSs, and 11 tropical cyclones. Separate statistics of the “background” vertical profiles and the ones associated with high IWC aloft have been obtained in the course of this study. It is shown that continental MCSs exhibit larger size of ice in lower concentration aloft compared to the marine MCSs and especially tropical cyclones/hurricanes. A combination of high KDP and low Z aloft signifies lower Dm, higher Nt, and often substantial IWC.
Satellite and on-the-Ground Data Help Monitor Groundwater in India
Authors: Padmanaban Deepa
Published: February 2022

Village volunteers use remote sensing and manual measurement to help farmers use groundwater more efficiently.
LIGHT enhanced bispecific antibody armed T-cells to treat immunotherapy resistant colon cancer
Authors: Qiao Guilin , Kone Lyonell B. , Phillips Evan H. , Lee Steve Seung-Young , Brown Grace E. , Khetani Salman R. , Thakur Archana , Lum Lawrence G. , Prabhakar Bellur S. , Maker Ajay V.
Published: February 2022

Increased tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are associated with improved patient responses to immunotherapy. As a result, there is interest in enhancing lymphocyte trafficking particularly to colon cancers since the majority are checkpoint blockade-resistant and microsatellite stable. Here, we demonstrate that activated T-cells (ATC) armed with anti-CD3 x anti-EGFR bispecific antibody increases TIL and mediate anti-tumor cytotoxicity while decreasing tumor cell viability. Furthermore, treatment induces endogenous anti-tumor immunity that resisted tumor rechallenge and increased memory T-cell subsets in the tumor. When combined with targeted tumor expression of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily member LIGHT, activated T-cell proliferation and infiltration were further enhanced, and human colorectal tumor regressions were observed. Our data indicate that tumor-targeted armed bispecific antibody increases TIL trafficking and is a potentially potent strategy that can be paired with combination immunotherapy to battle microsatellite stable colon cancer.

Significance

Enhancing trafficking of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) to solid tumors has been shown to improve outcomes. Unfortunately, few strategies have been successful in the clinical setting for solid tumors, particularly for “cold” microsatellite stable colon cancers. In order to address this gap in knowledge, this study combined TNFSF14/LIGHT immunomodulation with a bispecific antibody armed with activated T-cells targeted to the tumor. This unique T-cell trafficking strategy successfully generated anti-tumor immunity in a microsatellite stable colon cancer model, stimulated T-cell infiltration, and holds promise as a combination immunotherapy for treating advanced and metastatic colorectal cancer.
Adaptive NK cells undergo a dynamic modulation in response to human cytomegalovirus and recruit T cells in in vitro migration assays
Authors: Basílio-Queirós Débora , Venturini Letizia , Luther-Wolf Susanne , Dammann Elke , Ganser Arnold , Stadler Michael , Falk Christine S. , Weissinger Eva M.
Published: February 2022

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) reactivation remains a relevant complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) despite the great progress made in prophylaxis and treatment. Adaptive Natural Killer (NK) cells undergo a persistent reconfiguration in response to HCMV reactivation however, the exact role of adaptive NK cells in HCMV surveillance is currently unknown. We studied the relationship between HCMV reactivation and adaptive NK cells in 70 patients monitored weekly until day +100 after HSCT. Absolute cell counts of adaptive NK cells increased significantly after resolution of HCMV-reactivation compared to patients without reactivation. Patients with HCMV-reactivation had an early reconstitution of adaptive NK cells (“Responders”) and had mainly a single reactivation (75% Responders vs 48% Non-Responders). Adaptive NK cells eliminated HCMV-infected human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) in vitro and recruited T cells in an in vitro transwell migration assay. An extensive cytokine/chemokine panel demonstrated strongly increased secretion of CXCL10/IP-10, IFN-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-7 and CCL4. Thus, adaptive NK cells may control viral spread and T cell expansion and survival during HCMV-reactivation. Taken together, we have demonstrated the potential of adaptive NK cells in the control of HCMV reactivation both by direct cytotoxicity and by recruitment of other immune cells.
A high-carbohydrate diet lowers the rate of adipose tissue mitochondrial respiration
Authors: Bikman Benjamin T. , Shimy Kim J. , Apovian Caroline M. , Yu S. , Saito Erin R. , Walton Chase M. , Ebbeling Cara B. , Ludwig David S.
Published: February 2022

Adipocyte mitochondrial respiration may influence metabolic fuel partitioning into oxidation versus storage, with implications for whole-body energy expenditure. Although insulin has been shown to influence mitochondrial respiration, the effects of dietary macronutrient composition have not been well characterized. The aim of this exploratory study was to test the hypothesis that a high-carbohydrate diet lowers the oxygen flux of adipocyte mitochondria ex vivo. Among participants in a randomized-controlled weight-loss maintenance feeding trial, those consuming a high-carbohydrate diet (60% carbohydrate as a proportion of total energy, n = 10) had lower rates of maximal adipose tissue mitochondrial respiration than those consuming a moderate-carbohydrate diet (40%, n = 8, p = 0.039) or a low-carbohydrate diet (20%, n = 9, p = 0.005) after 10 to 15 weeks. This preliminary finding may provide a mechanism for postulated calorie-independent effects of dietary composition on energy expenditure and fat deposition, potentially through the actions of insulin on fuel partitioning.
Teaching home tonometry using a remote video link
Authors: Barbour-Hastie Catriona C. , Tatham Andrew J.
Published: February 2022

Background/Objectives

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the primary modifiable risk factor in the progression of glaucoma. The ICare HOME is a self-tonometer which empowers patients to measure their own IOP and allows a more complete picture of diurnal IOP. This project aims to determine the feasibility of teaching patients to perform self-tonometry remotely using a remote video link.

Subjects/Methods

This prospective study involved 12 patients with glaucoma attending an outpatient ophthalmology clinic. Participants were provided with a rebound tonometer (Icare HOME) and instructions to attend remote teaching from home. An optometrist conducted a 30 min live video training session via NearMe with each patient. Following training, participants were asked to measure their own IOP, observed remotely by the optometrist. Successful participants were asked to take a series of home IOP measurements over 48 h. Questionnaires were used to evaluate perceptions on home tonometry and remote training.

Results

Participants had an average age of 60.1 ± 15.5 years. 58% (7 of 12) were female. 83% (10 of 12) obtained successful diurnal measurements at home. All participants were happy with remote teaching, and none would have preferred training to be conducted face-to-face. All participants were interested in continuing home IOP monitoring.

Conclusions

Most patients were able to perform home tonometry successfully when taught remotely, with a success rate similar to previously reported rates for face-to-face teaching using the same device. Most participants were receptive to using video calling as a platform for teaching home tonometry.
Fine-mapping of intracranial aneurysm susceptibility based on a genome-wide association study
Authors: Hong Eun Pyo , Youn Dong Hyuk , Kim Bong Jun , Ahn Jun Hyong , Park Jeong Jin , Rhim Jong Kook , Kim Heung Cheol , Hwang Gyojun , Jeon Hong Jun , Jeon Jin Pyeong
Published: February 2022

In addition to conventional genome-wide association studies (GWAS), a fine-mapping analysis is increasingly used to identify the genetic function of variants associated with disease susceptibilities. Here, we used a fine-mapping approach to evaluate candidate variants based on a previous GWAS involving patients with intracranial aneurysm (IA). A fine-mapping analysis was conducted based on the chromosomal data provided by a GWAS of 250 patients diagnosed with IA and 296 controls using posterior inclusion probability (PIP) and log10 transformed Bayes factor (log10BF). The narrow sense of heritability (h2) explained by each candidate variant was estimated. Subsequent gene expression and functional network analyses of candidate genes were used to calculate transcripts per million (TPM) values. Twenty single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) surpassed a genome-wide significance threshold for creditable evidence (log10BF > 6.1). Among them, four SNPs, rs75822236 (GBA; log10BF = 15.06), rs112859779 (TCF24; log10BF = 12.12), rs79134766 (OLFML2A; log10BF = 14.92), and rs371331393 (ARHGAP32; log10BF = 20.88) showed a completed PIP value in each chromosomal region, suggesting a higher probability of functional candidate variants associated with IA. On the contrary, these associations were not shown clearly under different replication sets. Our fine-mapping analysis suggested that four functional candidate variants of GBA, TCF24, OLFML2A, and ARHGAP32 were linked to IA susceptibility and pathogenesis. However, this approach could not completely replace replication sets based on large-scale data. Thus, caution is required when interpreting results of fine-mapping analysis.
Recent progress in small-molecule fluorescent probes for endoplasmic reticulum imaging in biological systems
Authors: Tang Fuyan , Wu Chuanchen , Zhai Zhaodong , Wang Kai , Liu Xueli , Xiao Haibin , Zhuo Shuping , Li Ping , Tang Bo
Published: February 2022

Small-molecule fluorescent probes for endoplasmic reticulum imaging in biological systems are summarized.
Crystal engineering of aurophilic supramolecular architectures and coordination polymers based on butterfly-like copper–dicyanoaurate complexes: vapochromism, P–T behaviour and multi-metallic cocrystal formation
Authors: Priola Emanuele , Curetti Nadia , Marabello Domenica , Andreo Jacopo , Giordana Alessia , Andreo Luca , Benna Piera , Freire Paulo Tarso Cavalcante , Benzi Paola , Operti Lorenza , Diana Eliano
Published: February 2022

A family of bimetallic complexes based on aurophilic interactions was synthesized, and tested for vapochromism and P–T variations. These complexes can originate cocrystals, opening the route to a new aurophilic-based crystal engineering.
A light–heat synergism in the sub-bandgap photocatalytic response of pristine TiO2: a study of in situ diffusion reflectance and conductance
Authors: Wu Zhizhou , Li Liuyang , Zhou Xuedong , Parkin Ivan P. , Zhao Xiujian , Liu Baoshun
Published: February 2022

The sub-bandgap light-heat synergism induced electronic transition and their role in photocatalysis were revealed by means of in situ diffusion reflectances and (photo) conductances.
Recent progress of low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 over manganese oxide-based catalysts
Authors: Guo Rui-tang , Qin Bo , Wei Lin-gang , Yin Tian-yi , Zhou Jue , Pan Wei-guo
Published: February 2022

Low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 over MnOx-based catalysts.
Graphitic sulfur functionalized carbon sheets as an efficient “turn-off” absorption probe for the optical sensing of mercury ions in aqueous solutions
Authors: Bharati Jaryal Vishal , Singh Dilbag , Gupta Neeraj
Published: February 2022

The sulfur - rich activated carbon (g-SFCSs) derived from coconut husk is used for detection of Hg2+ ions. The presence of sulfur groups results in remarkable absorbance quenching of g-SFCSs on the addition of different concentrations of Hg2+ ions.
DCID-mediated Heck cross-coupling of phenolsviaC–O bond activation
Authors: Hosseini Negin , Mokhtari Javad , Yavari Issa
Published: February 2022

In this work a palladium-catalyzed Heck cross-coupling of phenols using dichloroimidazolidinedione (DCID) as a new reagent for the activation of C–O bonds has been developed for the first time.
Reversible structural rearrangement of π-expanded cyclooctatetraene upon two-fold reduction with alkali metals
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Zhu Yikun , Wei Zheng , Bergner John , Neiß Christian , Doloczki Susanne , Görling Andreas , Kivala Milan , Petrukhina Marina A.
Published: February 2022

The reductive core rearrangement upon two-fold electron addition to a π-expanded COT derivative is revealed crystallographically and supported by DFT calculations.
Luminescent MOFs for selective sensing of Ag+ and other ions (Fe(iii) and Cr(vi)) in aqueous solution
Authors: Shao Juan-Juan , Ni Jian-Ling , Liang Yu , Li Guang-Jun , Chen Li-Zhuang , Wang Fang-Ming
Published: February 2022

Two metal–organic frameworks, [Zn(BTA)2]n (LMOF-1), [Zn3(BTA)2(5-tbuip)2]n (LMOF-2) (BTA = 1H-benzotriazole, 5-tbuip = 5-tert-butylisophthalic acid) have been solvothermally synthesized. They show strong blue luminescence and LMOF-1 shows unusually detecting behavior to Ag+.
Excess iodide-induced reactive oxygen species elicit iodide efflux via β-tubulin-associated ClC-3 in thyrocytes
Authors: Yu Meisheng , Wei Yuan , Wang Pengyuan , Deng Zhiqin , Mao Jianwen , Zhu Linyan , Chen Lixin , Peng Shuang , Wang Liwei
Published: February 2022

Iodide (I−) is crucial to thyroid function, and its regulation in thyrocytes involves ion transporters and reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the extent of 2Cl−/H+ exchanger (ClC-3) involvement in the iodide (I−) efflux from thyrocytes remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the effects of ClC-3 on I− efflux. ClC-3 expression was found to significantly alter the serum TT3 and TT4 concentrations in mice. We further found that excess I− stimulation affected ClC-3 expression, distribution, and I− efflux in FRTL-5 cells. Immunofluorescence analyses indicated that ClC-3 mainly accumulated in the cell membrane and co-localized with β-tubulins after 24 h of excess I− treatment, and that this process depended on ROS production. Thus, ClC-3 may be involved in I− efflux at the apical pole of thyrocytes via excess I−-induced ROS production and β-tubulin polymerization. Our results reveal novel insights into the role of ClC-3 in I− transport and thyroid function.
Calcified Abdominal aortic occlusion: Treatment using Intravascular Lithotripsy
Authors: Shah Pratik , Someshwar Vimal , Mundada Krishna , Raut Abhijit
Published: February 2022

Near total occlusion of abdominal aorta due to atherosclerotic calcification is a challenging condition to treat. Though use of intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) has proven to be an effective technique in the treatment of calcified arterial lesions, the data on the use of the technique in high grade occlusion of aortic stenosis is still limited. We present a case of abdominal aortic calcification treatment in a patient using IVL technique.
Energy transfer fluctuation observed by single-molecule spectroscopy of red-shifted bacteriochlorophyll in the homodimeric photosynthetic reaction center
Authors: Kondo Toru , Mutoh Risa , Arai Shun , Kurisu Genji , Oh-oka Hirozo , Fujiyoshi Satoru , Matsushita Michio
Published: February 2022

The photosynthetic reaction center of heliobacteria (hRC) is a homodimeric chromoprotein responsible for light harvesting and photoelectric conversion. The fluorescence of the hRC is radiated from a bacteriochlorophyll (Bchl) g having the lowest energy level, called red-Bchl g. The homodimeric architecture of the hRC indicates that it includes two red-Bchls g arranged symmetrically in pairs. Red-Bchl g is a fluorescent probe useful for monitoring the energy transfer network in the RC. Here, we show the fluorescence polarization dependences of two red-Bchls g, individually measured with selective excitation of chlorophyll a serving as the primary electron acceptor. The two red-Bchls g exhibit almost the same polarization dependences. Based on the polarization dependence and structural data of the hRC, we propose a candidate molecule for red-Bchl g. The fluorescence spectra of single hRCs represent the spectral heterogeneity reflecting the local conformational inhomogeneity. A time series of the fluorescence spectra indicates occasional peak shifts between blue- and red-shifted states without significant changes in the fluorescence intensity. The spectral fluctuation is interpreted to be due to the local conformational dynamics around a Bchl g mediating the energy transfer, switching the terminal energy acceptor between two red-Bchls g. In conclusion, while the energy transfer network in the RC can be perturbed by microscopic dynamics, the total energy transfer efficiency, i.e., the light-harvesting function, is rather robust. The functional robustness may be due to multiple energy transfer pathways composed of many antenna pigments in the RC.
Retarded boron and phosphorus diffusion in silicon nanopillars due to stress induced vacancy injection
Authors: Prüßing Jan K. , Böckendorf Tim , Kipke Felix , Xu Jiushuai , Puranto Prabowo , Lundsgaard Hansen John , Bougeard Dominique , Peiner Erwin , Bracht Hartmut
Published: February 2022

Phosphorus and boron diffusion in silicon at temperatures between 900 and 1050 °C was studied both in bulk and nanostructured samples by means of scanning spreading resistance microscopy. The dopant diffusion from highly doped silicon substrates into 300–1200 nm diameter natural silicon nanopillars is clearly retarded compared to dopant diffusion in the bulk material. A three-dimensional solution of Fick’s equation enables a better understanding of dopant diffusion processes in silicon nanostructures, including all participating point defects. The observed decrease of diffusivity by 20%–50% can be explained by the injection of vacancies at the sidewalls of the pillar. The results do not provide any evidence on a possible change in point defect properties or fundamental diffusion processes in silicon nanostructures with respect to bulk silicon.
Band-like transport in “green” quantum dot films: The effect of composition and stoichiometry
Authors: Rodosthenous Panagiotis , Skibinsky-Gitlin E. S. , Rodríguez-Bolívar Salvador , Califano Marco , Gómez-Campos Francisco M.
Published: February 2022

Two-dimensional quantum dot (QD) arrays are considered as promising candidates for a wide range of applications that heavily rely on their transport properties. Existing QD films, however, are mainly made of either toxic or heavy-metal-based materials, limiting their applications and the commercialization of devices. In this theoretical study, we provide a detailed analysis of the transport properties of “green” colloidal QD films (In-based and Ga-based), identifying possible alternatives to their currently used toxic counterparts. We show how changing the composition, stoichiometry, and the distance between the QDs in the array affects the resulting carrier mobility for different operating temperatures. We find that InAs QD films exhibit high carrier mobilities, even higher compared to previously modeled CdSe (zb) QD films. We also provide the first insights into the transport properties of properly passivated InP and GaSb QD films and envisage how realistic systems could benefit from those properties. Ideally passivated InP QD films can exhibit mobilities an order of magnitude larger compared to what is presently achievable experimentally, which show the smallest variation with (i) increasing temperature when the QDs in the array are very close and (ii) an increasing interdot distance at low operating temperatures (70 K), among the materials considered here, making InP a potentially ideal replacement for PbS. Finally, we show that by engineering the QD stoichiometry, it is possible to enhance the film’s transport properties, paving the way for the synthesis of higher performance devices.
Chemical long range ordering in all-d-metal Heusler alloys
Authors: Koch David , Beckmann Benedikt , Fortunato Nuno M. , Miroshkina Olga N. , Gruner Markus E. , Zhang Hongbin , Gutfleisch Oliver , Donner Wolfgang
Published: February 2022

Chemical ordering in NiMn-based Heusler alloys with magnetostructural phase transition is crucial for understanding the physics of the phase transition. In the new field of all-d-metal Ni(Co)MnTi Heusler alloys, the experimental determination of chemical order is challenging due to the low difference in scattering power of the different elements. Here, we report a combined approach of neutron and x-ray diffraction for an analysis of chemical order in Ni(Co)MnTi alloys and show that no Heusler-typical L21 order between Ti and Mn is present. Furthermore, Co and Ni atoms do not exhibit order among them; however, the phase transition of Co containing samples can be shifted significantly by changing the degree of B2 order with proper heat treatment. Using first-principles calculations, we reveal how the structural and magnetic sub-systems depend on the degree of B2 disorder.
Insights on novel type V deep eutectic solvents based on levulinic acid
Authors: Gutiérrez Alberto , Zamora Lorena , Benito Cristina , Atilhan Mert , Aparicio Santiago
Published: February 2022

Type V natural deep eutectic solvents considering menthol, thymol, and levulinic acids are studied considering a combined experimental and theoretical approach to develop a multiscale characterization of these fluids with particular attention to intermolecular forces (hydrogen bonding) and their relationships with macroscopic behavior. Density, viscosity, refraction index, and thermal conductivity were measured as a function of temperature, providing a thermophysical characterization of the fluids. Quantum chemistry was applied to characterize hydrogen bonding in minimal molecular clusters, allowing us to quantify interaction strength, topology (according to atoms in a molecule theory), and electronic properties. Classical molecular dynamics simulations were also performed, allowing us to characterize bulk liquid phases at the nanoscopic level, analyzing the fluid’s structuring, void distribution, and dynamics. The reported results allowed us to infer nano–macro relationships, which are required for the proper design of these green solvents and their application for different technologies.
Coexistence of the charge density wave state and linearly dispersed energy band in 1T-ZrTe2 monolayer
Authors: Yang Li-Ning , Xu Yong-Jie , Li Qi-Yuan , Meng Yu-Xin , Zhao Yi-Fan , Li Shao-Chun
Published: February 2022

Interplay between the topological properties and electron correlations in quantum materials can induce exotic phenomena. In this study, we grew the 1T-ZrTe2 monolayers on the bilayer graphene/SiC substrate by using molecular beam epitaxy. Through scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy characterizations, we demonstrate that the 1T-ZrTe2 monolayer hosts the charge density wave state, as well as a linear dispersion energy band near Fermi energy, thereby implying the possible coexistence of the topological nontriviality and electron correlation. This work provides a two-dimensional platform for exploring the many body effect in topological nontrivial materials.
Bone mineralisation status of broilers fed reduced-protein diets supplemented with
Authors: Dao Hiep Thi , Moss Amy F. , Bradbury Emma J. , Swick Robert A.
Published: February 2022

Context Mineralisation of the bone matrix is a pivotal factor affecting bone strength in broilers. Reduced bone strength might cause fracture during catching and transportation to slaughterhouses, leading to economic loss. Aims This study was conducted to investigate the effects of l-arginine (Arg), guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), and l-citrulline (Cit) supplementation to Arg-deficient reduced-protein diets on bone mineral composition and mineral digestibility of broiler chickens. Methods Day-old Ross 308 males were allocated to one of eight dietary treatments with six replicates of 16 birds per treatment. The treatments were standard protein (SP), reduced protein deficient in Arg (RP), and RP with two levels of either Arg (0.238% and 0.476%), GAA (0.309% and 0.618%) or Cit (0.238% and 0.476%). The difference in crude protein content between RP and SP was five percentage points. Key results Birds fed the RP diet had higher ileal digestibility of P, Na, Mg, S, Al, Fe, Cu and Zn than did those fed the SP on Day 23 (P < 0.01). Supplementation of both Arg, GAA and Cit to the RP reduced Mg digestibility on Day 23 (P < 0.001). The tibia and femur Ca and P concentrations were not different among the dietary treatments on either Day 23 or Day 35 (P > 0.05). Birds fed the RP had lower tibia and femur B concentrations and higher tibia and femur Zn concentrations on Day 23 and Day 35 and higher tibia and femur Mn concentrations on Day 35 than did those fed the SP (P < 0.01). Supplementation of Arg at the high level and Cit at both levels to the RP increased tibia S concentration on Day 23 (P < 0.001). Supplementation of Arg, Cit and GAA to the RP decreased femur Zn concentration on Day 35 (P < 0.001). Supplementation of GAA at the high level decreased concentrations of the tibia and femur B and Fe on Day 23, but increased tibia and femur Mn concentrations on Day 23 and Day 35 (P < 0.01). Conclusions The findings indicated an increased mineral digestibility but relatively similar bone mineral concentrations in broilers fed the RP diets when compared with the SP diets. Implications The results of the current study may provide useful information on the bird bone mineralisation and help expand the adoption of reduced-protein diets in the poultry industry.
Ghost mitochondria drive metastasis through adaptive GCN2/Akt therapeutic vulnerability
Authors: Ghosh Jagadish C. , Perego Michela , Agarwal Ekta , Bertolini Irene , Wang Yuan , Goldman Aaron R. , Tang Hsin-Yao , Kossenkov Andrew V. , Landis Catherine J. , Languino Lucia R. , Plow Edward F. , Morotti Annamaria , Ottobrini Luisa , Locatelli Marco , Speicher David W. , Caino M. Cecilia , Cassel Joel , Salvino Joseph M. , Robert Marie E. , Vaira Valentina , Altieri Dario C.
Published: February 2022

Significance

Exploitation of mitochondrial functions promotes tumor traits, including metastasis, which is responsible for >90% of all cancer deaths. In this study, we investigated how mitochondrial fitness impacts tumor behavior. We found that acutely damaged, de-energized, and reactive oxygen species-producing mitochondria not only persist in cancer but are also key enablers of metastasis. These “ghost” mitochondria originate from the heterogeneous and often reduced expression of Mic60, an essential scaffold of organelle structure, in certain human cancers. The compensatory activation of gene expression programs as well as GCN2/Akt kinase signaling enables the survival of Mic60-low tumors but also provides a new therapeutic target in advanced and hard-to-treat malignancies.
Nuclear dissociation after the O 1s → (

4Σu−

)3sσ excitation in O2 molecules
Authors: Ding Bocheng , Wu Ruichang , Feng Yunfei , Liu Xiaojing
Published: February 2022

We investigate the dissociation dynamics of core-excited O2 molecules using a high-resolution energy-resolved electron-ion coincidence experimental setup. The excited cationic states with two valence holes and one Rydberg electron are created after spectator Auger decay induced by O 1s → (

4

Σ
u
−

)3sσ core excitation in O2. From the energy correlation between the kinetic energy of the Auger electron and the ion kinetic energy release, we distinguish several dissociation channels. Rather complex dissociation channels of the spectator Auger final states are disclosed, which can be explained by the increased number of the crossing point due to the existence of Rydberg electron. The quantum system will evolve into different dissociation limits at each crossing point between the potential energy curves.
Migration of weakly bonded oxygen atoms in a-IGZO thin films and the positive shift of threshold voltage in TFTs
Authors: Wang Chen , Lu Wenmo , Li Fengnan , Luo Qiaomei , Ma Fei
Published: February 2022

Amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin films are prepared by pulsed laser deposition and fabricated into thin-film transistor (TFT) devices. In-situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) illustrates that weakly bonded oxygen (O) atoms exist in a-IGZO thin films deposited at high O2 pressures, but these can be eliminated by vacuum annealing. The threshold voltage (V
th) of the a-IGZO TFTs is shifted under positive gate bias, and the V
th shift is positively related to the deposition pressure. A temperature variation experiment in the range of 20 K–300 K demonstrates that an activation energy of 144 meV is required for the V
th shift, which is close to the activation energy required for the migration of weakly bonded O atoms in a-IGZO thin films. Accordingly, the V
th shift is attributed to the acceptor-like states induced by the accumulation of weakly bonded O atoms at the a-IGZO/SiO2 interface under positive gate bias. These results provide an insight into the mechanism responsible for the V
th shift of the a-IGZO TFTs and help in the production of reliable designs.
A novel demodulation method for transmission using nitrogen–vacancy-based solid-state quantum sensor
Authors: Bai Ruixin , Zhu Xinyue , Yang Fan , Gao Tianran , Wang Ziran , Yu Linyan , Wang Jinfeng , Zhou Li , Du Guanxiang
Published: February 2022

Diamond based quantum sensing is a fast-emerging field with both scientific and technological significance. The nitrogen–vacancy (NV) center, a crystal defect in diamond, has become a unique object for microwave sensing applications due to its excellent stability, long spin coherence time, and optical properties at ambient condition. In this work, we use diamond NV center as atomic receiver to demodulate on–off keying (OOK) signal transmitted in broad frequency range (2 GHz–14 GHz in a portable benchtop setup). We proposed a unique algorithm of voltage discrimination and demonstrated audio signal transceiving with fidelity above 99%. This diamond receiver is attached to the end of a tapered fiber, having all optic nature, which will find important applications in data transmission tasks under extreme conditions such as strong electromagnetic interference, high temperatures, and high corrosion.
Genuine multipartite entanglement measure
Authors: Guo Yu , Jia Yanping , Li Xinping , Huang Lizhong
Published: February 2022

Quantifying genuine entanglement is a crucial task in quantum information theory. In this work, we give an approach of constituting genuine m-partite entanglement measures from any bipartite entanglement and any k-partite entanglement measure, 3 ⩽ k < m. In addition, as a complement to the three-qubit concurrence triangle proposed in (Phys. Rev. Lett.
127 040403), we show that the triangle relation is also valid for any continuous entanglement measure and system with any dimension. We also discuss the tetrahedron structure for the four-partite system via the triangle relation associated with tripartite and bipartite entanglement respectively. For multipartite system that contains more than four parties, there is no symmetric geometric structure as that of tri- and four-partite cases.
The main prerequisites and factors of sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex of the region
Authors: Ermakova A M , Avilova T V , Nurullina T S
Published: February 2022

The article considers the current state of the agro-industrial complex of the Tyumen region, its impact on the development of the region. The authors identify the main problems that hinder the development of the industry. It is planned to develop the organization of agroindustrial production in two promising areas. As a result, there are certain measures that will allow bringing agro-industrial production to a more significant level.
Fruit production and resources of rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) in Kirov region, Russia
Authors: Egoshina T L , Luginina E A
Published: February 2022

During the period of 1980-2020 we have studied fruit productivity of rowan in different plant communities in all vegetative subzones (southern taiga, medium taiga, coniferous-broadleaved forests) of Kirov region, Russia. The results have shown significant variations of fruiting intensity between the years of observation with no notable periodicity. The values also varied geographically and depended on weather conditions of the year. We have also defined biological and exploitation stock of rowan berries within the region.
Functional dry-cured sausage production technology
Authors: Dabuzova G S , Aligazieva P A , Kebedov K M , Omarov S K , Abdulaev I M
Published: February 2022

One of the new directions for the modern meat processing industry is the production of functional meat products. The development of functional dry-cured sausages is of no small importance in the nutrition of the population, they have a high biological, nutritional value, gastronomic quality, presentation, have a positive effect on the human body, since they are made from natural raw materials and ingredients without artificial additives, and therefore are intended for mass production, to the consumer.
Investigation of kinematic parameters of the rotary working body of a universal rotary cultivator
Authors: Makarov S A , Danilin A V , Levchenko G V , Kalinichenko E B , Ivaniva L M
Published: February 2022

The article presents the design of the rotary working body of a universal rotary cultivator. The effect of kinematic and design parameters of the proposed working body on the quality of tillage is considered and their mathematical dependencies are determined.
The influence of anthropogenic factors on the evolution of some steppe ecosystems of the Bashkir Urals
Authors: Gareeva S A , Fazlyev A A , Gilmanova G R , Khusainov A F
Published: February 2022

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of petrophytic and shrubby isolated steppe communities in the vicinity of the village of Salikhovo, Chishminsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan, restored after the cessation of long-term pasture digression. The analysis showed that during the restorative succession, depleted variants of steppe phytocenoses are formed, due to the loss of some shrubs and tall valuable forage herbaceous steppe species and the absence of sources of dissemination.
Intermittent LED lighting helps reduce energy costs when growing microgreens on vertical controlled environment farms
Authors: Filatov D A , Vetchinnikov A A , Olonina S I , Olonin I Yu
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the possibility of reducing energy costs when growing microgreens in controlled environment farms by using intermittent LED lighting. Intermittent lighting allows you to use the watch with the lowest electricity price during the day. Studies have shown that light / dark 8/4 hours a day for 2 periods is cost-effective. Electricity costs can be reduced by up to 10%. At the same time, the yield does not decrease.
Improving the tiller design
Authors: Kudzaev A B , Kalagova R V , Tsgoev A E , Korobeynik I A , Urtaev T A
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the improvement of the tiller designed to operate on rocky soils. The elements of the interaction theory between the tiller work tools and the rocks in the soil are presented. Two cases of the machine blade hitting a rock were analyzed. The improved machine design containing safety devices and a digital alarm system that reports the operator on the safety device response is proposed. Safety devices are installed on each machine section, which reduces the area of untilled soil during their response. A contactless sensor is installed above each section, the signal from which is analyzed by a measuring device according to a special algorithm. Rational values for the main parameters of the tiller section fuses are determined and the time of the section blade hit a rock is studied. The improved tiller sample testing of 2020 and 2021 on rocky soils in the mountainous terrain proved the efficiency of the proposed design.
Environmental consequences of using antibiotics in agriculture in the Baikal Region
Authors: Timofeeva S S , Gudilova O S , Stom D I
Published: February 2022

The article presents the results of a study that investigated the phytotoxicity of tetracycline, one of the most frequently used antibiotics in agriculture when raising farm animals that enters the soil in high concentrations with manure when applied to fields as fertilizer. Tests to assess the phytotoxicity of tetracycline and wastewater from the manure storage of one of the pig breeding farms located in the Usolye Municipality of the Baikal Region were carried out by seed germination according to the GOST method. As test organisms, we used shelling peas, whole-leaved garden cress (dicotyledonous plants), and Asian rice (monocotyledonous plant). It was found that significant inhibition of the vital functions of test plants, such as germination energy and seedling length, was observed at tetracycline concentrations of 50-100 mg/L. Peas were more sensitive to tetracycline contamination, and of the studied functions - the length of the roots. Tetracycline at concentrations of 25 mg/L and below can accumulate in plants and enter into metabolic changes with the participation of oxidases, primarily peroxidases.
The market for greenhouse gas emissions quotas as an incentive on the way to a low-carbon economy
Authors: Nemtinova Y , Nemtinov K , Nemtinov V , Protasov A
Published: February 2022

The article considers the issues of analyzing the problems associated with greenhouse gas emissions in various sectors of the world economy. It is noted that in recent decades greenhouse gases have caused global damage, such as global warming and climate change. To reduce the negative impact on the environment, the authors propose a solution to the problem of managing greenhouse gas emissions in the regional economy. The article presents the formulation of the problem, the development of an information model and a decision-making program of interaction between the subjects of greenhouse gas emissions quotas market on the scale of a region (exemplified by a variety of enterprises of the Tambov region of the Russian Federation). The proposed management methodology allows to reduce total costs for economic entities in the interests of the entire region. Its implementation can be presented as a tool to stimulate economic entities, the use of which will significantly bring them and the whole society closer to a low-carbon economy.
Concerning the time horizon of prognostic indicators to be beforehand with local climate changes
Authors: Kolokolov Yu , Monovskaya A
Published: February 2022

The paper researches the time resource to be beforehand with climate changes. The feature of the research consists in the following: the evolutionary properties of the local climate dynamics are considered from the bifurcation analysis, and adaptive properties are considered from the control theory. Then the principal event-driven scenario of the climate change birth is revealed over the period of the reliable meteorological observations; next, the rate of its development is estimated in the context of factually realized precedents; so, time horizons of prognostic indicators are determined. The research is founded on the regulatory theory on local climate dynamics. The analytical conclusions are illustrated by examples of processing the open-access data on daily mean air surface temperature in the continental part of Russia.
Bioreactors and the generation of green energy in farms
Authors: Leon Virgilio Gaibor Gaibor
Published: February 2022

Bioreactors are an ideal method for the elimination of waste in farms, thus avoiding contamination and giving the supply of energy produced from biogas that can be used in different ways, this article is based on the creation of a biodigester, for the management of organic waste on farms.
Analysis of disaster literacy on student behavioral responses in efforts to reduce earthquake disaster risk at SMA Negeri 1 Klaten
Authors: Kesumaningtyas M A , Hafida S H N , Musiyam M
Published: February 2022

Earthquakes are disasters that often occur in Indonesia. Many students in Indonesia became victims when the earthquake occurred. Therefore, the behavioral response of students when facing disasters is very important to understand. This behavioral response will not manifest spontaneously, it takes time and considerable effort to realize a good behavioral response to disasters. One ability that is currently being developed in students is disaster literacy, a good disaster literacy can help students to know the right attitude when a disaster occurs. This study aims to determine the effect of disaster literacy on student behavioral responses in an effort to reduce earthquake risk at SMA Negeri 1 Klaten. There are 2 variables, namely the independent variable with 4 indicators that is basic disaster literacy, functional disaster literacy, communicative / interactive disaster literacy and critical disaster literacy, while the dependent variable has 4 indicators, namely preparedness, awareness, action and affect. This study uses a quantitative method with a correlational design. Respondents in this study amounted to 269 students, and data collection techniques were carried out using questionnaires, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used the Pearson Bivariate Correlation Test. The results showed that there was a significant relationship (sig. 0.672) between disaster literacy and student behavior responses in an effort to reduce earthquake risk at SMA Negeri 1 Klaten. The existence of this significant relationship should be utilized by every school that located in disaster-prone areas to develop several programs that focus on disaster literacy for students.
The importance of disaster mitigation literacy in social studies learning
Authors: Logayah D S , Maryani E , Ruhimat M , Wiyanarti E
Published: February 2022

Education is one of the conscious and planned efforts in shaping the character of students for the cultivation of knowledge, attitudes, and skills. One of them is that social studies learning contributes to providing students’ knowledge, attitudes, and skills in dealing with disasters that are objective and subjective. In sustainable development efforts, social studies learning has a crucial role in reducing disaster risk. This paper aims to reveal that Indonesia is a disaster-prone country, especially in the community, one of which is the school environment. There are approximately 126,681 education units located in moderate and high disaster risk areas. Disaster literacy seeks to minimize disasters by providing knowledge about disasters, attitudes, and skills about disaster risk reduction. This research approach uses a literature review. The research results that have been carried out on disaster literacy show that there is still a lack of knowledge and understanding of social studies teachers and students related to disasters, lack of learning tool guidelines on disaster and disaster vulnerability: physical condition, facilities, and infrastructure of schools against catastrophe.