bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of small-sized units when spreading fertilizers on mountain slopes
Authors: Gulueva Ludmila R.
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND: The results of RD on a laboratory sample of the unit for spreading mineral fertilizers on mountain slopes, which can increase labor productivity and yield rate of mountain forage lands by 15–20%, are presented.
AIM: Development of a small–sized laboratory sample of the unit for surface spreading of mineral fertilizers, ensuring accelerated restoration of productive and qualitative functions of natural grass stands of fallow forage lands.
METHODS: The technical expertise and testing of the unit and the technology were carried out in the mountainous zone of the Republic of North Ossetia — Alania (Dargava basin, the station of North Caucasian Research Institute of Highland and Piedmont Agriculture) at an altitude of 1540 meters above sea level. The indicators of the test conditions and functional performance of the unit have been determined according to the OST 10.5.1-2000 industry standard. Surface fertilization was carried out according to the OST 10.7.1.-2000. “Testing of agricultural machinery. Machines for applying mineral fertilizers, lime materials and gypsum” industry standard.
The study subject was the technology of spreading granular fertilizers, the design of the unit and working bodies: pendulum spreading devices, spreading rates and method of spreading fertilizers.
RESULTS: A laboratory sample of the small-sized unit based on the KChG-2.4 cultivator of North Caucasian Research Institute of Highland and Piedmont Agriculture design for surface application of mineral fertilizers has been developed and manufactured. The block module is a hinged frame structure with a tow-lifting device, pendulum spreading tubes and rolling rollers installed on it. The considered motion of the mining unit is across the slope from top to bottom in a shuttle manner with rolling of the sown granules by rolling rollers. The tests were carried out on a rarefied section of the northern slope with a steepness of 13–16° in the area “Sugsadtanrag”.
CONCLUSION: The practical application of the small-sized unit for surface spreading of mineral fertilizers with their subsequent rolling in areas in mountainous and foothill zones will ensure a reduction in the degradation processes of slope areas by accelerating the restoration of the quality and quantity of perennial grasses of fallow forage lands.
Evaluation of the determinants of uptake of oral rehydration salts with zinc in the management of childhood diarrhea in Kakamega County
Authors: Muhande Irene K. , Mapesa Job , Ouna Benard
Published: September 2024

Background: Diarrhea remains a significant public health concern, contributing to high child mortality, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Approximately 1.5 million cases of childhood diarrhea are reported annually in Kenya, with a prevalence of 16%. Despite the availability of affordable interventions like oral rehydration salts (ORS) and zinc supplementation, their utilization remains suboptimal in Kakamega County, where child mortality is 45 per 1,000. The combined impact of ORS and zinc in reducing childhood diarrhea and its consequences has not been adequately studied in Kakamega County. This study aims to assess the utilization of ORS and zinc in diarrhea management in Kakamega County.
Methods: We utilized a cross-sectional design to evaluate current practices and outcomes in managing diarrhea among children under five years old. A random sampling approach was applied to ensure a representative sample. Key variables assessed included the frequency of diarrhea episodes, the use of ORS and zinc, and nutritional status. Statistical analyses, including Chi-square tests and descriptive methods, were used to examine the relationships between the variables in SPSS version 26.
Results: Of the 246 children surveyed, 47.4% were under 10 months old. The study found that 26.8% of children had not received rotavirus vaccinations, and diarrhea was significantly (p<0.05) associated with poor nutritional outcomes. ORS had strong support (69.4%), but zinc supplementation showed moderate support (54.3%).
Conclusions: The study highlights the need for increased uptake of ORS and zinc supplementation, as well as enhanced vaccination coverage to prevent diarrhea-related deaths and malnutrition in Kakamega County.
Major factors influencing the effectiveness of community-led total sanitation among communities in Kilifi and Marsabit Counties in Kenya
Authors: Omufwoko Tobias M. , Odongo Alfred O. , Karama Mohamed
Published: September 2024

Background: Poor sanitation contributes to about 775,000 deaths annually and is one of the world's most significant health and environmental challenges, especially in developing nations. This study examined factors influencing the effectiveness of CLTS as an approach to delivering open defecation-free communities in Kilifi and Marsabit Counties in Kenya.
Methods: The study methodology included a comparative cross-sectional study of the two diverse study populations. The researchers recruited 811 participants after a multistage sampling procedure was used to sample the villages and the households. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS tool version 26.0. Descriptive and inferential statistics and propensity score matching (PSM) were used to analyse the data. All tests were done at p≤0.05.
Results: Open defecation dropped from 30% to 13.45% after CLTS interventions. There was a significant statistical association between household heads having a college-level education (A.O.R=10.273, p=0.013), being above 61 years (A.O.R=4.046, p=0.009), having a higher monthly income (A.O.R=6.461, p=0.091), and being female (A.O.R=1.792, p=0.03), and owning a sanitation facility. Also, households with heads with good handwashing and CLTS awareness (A.O.R=2.459, p=0.002) and (A.O.R=4.317, p=0.022) were statistically associated with owning sanitation facilities. PSM analysis found that CLTS programs impacted sanitation status, resulting in a 42% increase in facility ownership.
Conclusions: The study established a statistical significance of CLTS and ownership of sanitation facilities in both counties. The results show that the CLTS program is effective and has positively impacted sanitation status by reducing open defecation levels in Kilifi and Marsabit.
Socio-demographic factors influencing abortion practices among women attending Mbagathi Hospital, Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Okenyoru Douglas S. , Matoke Vincent , Wekesa Claire , Murugi Lucy , Odhiambo Felix , J. Kemboi Sharon
Published: September 2024

Background: Abortion is a global health concern with complex implications, particularly in countries like Kenya, where legal restrictions coexist with prevalent unsafe practices. Despite Kenya's high maternal mortality ratio linked to unsafe abortions, little research has explored the socio-demographic factors influencing this issue. This study investigates these dynamics among women at Mbagathi Hospital in Nairobi County, emphasizing the pressing need for targeted interventions within the legal framework.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was employed. This study focused on women aged 18–49, utilizing a census approach at Mbagathi Hospital's gynecology clinic. The study aimed for 100% precision, resulting in 49 respondents chosen through the purposive sampling method among women aged 18–49 with a history of abortions. Abortion practices were identified as safe and unsafe, and data was collected through a well-structured questionnaire and analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) 22.0. The data was presented in tables and pie charts.
Results: The study revealed an unsafe abortion rate of 38.8%. The predictors of abortion practices based on socio-demographic factors were; age (AOR=6.170, p=0.002), marital status (married; AOR=0.438, p=0.025; divorced/widowed/separated; AOR=0.063, p=0.001) and number of children (AOR=0.379, p=0.007).
Conclusions: This study revealed that the socio-demographic factors that predicted abortion practices were; age (AOR=6.170, p=0.002), marital status (married; AOR=0.438, p=0.025; divorced/widowed/separated; AOR=0.063, p=0.001) and number of children (AOR=0.379, p=0.007).
A phenomenological study of a formalized mentorship program assessing the experiences of undergraduate medical students at the Public Medical University in south Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Rao Muhammad Rashad Qamar , Nasir Ghulam Mujtaba , Shabbir Ahmad , Khan Esha , Yumn Laiba , Khan Ali Ahmad
Published: September 2024

Background: Objective of this study was to explore the lived experiences of mentees, or undergraduate medical students, in a mentorship program introduced at a public medical university in south Punjab.
Methods: A qualitative phenomenological research design was employed from September 2023 to June 2024. 110 undergraduate students who were part of a purposive sample provided the data. One-on-one, semi-structured interviews were carried out using an approved interview guide. The audio recordings of the interviews were appropriately transcribed. Because the data was sensitive, participants were assured of confidentiality and anonymity. After performing a manual thematic analysis, the authors agreed on the themes and subthemes.
Results: Data analysis revealed four themes and ten subthemes. The psychosocial results of the mentorship program, including personal and professional growth and moral, psychological, and emotional support, were well-received by the participants mentees described mentors as their finest guides. Mentors also guided on Islam, case studies, and research methods. Mentors help mentees find solutions to their difficulties. The mentees made insightful recommendations on how to improve the current mentoring program. These included scheduling one-on-one mentoring sessions, offering career guidance, employing committed employees, and demanding verbal feedback from mentees assessing their mentors.
Conclusions: The structured mentoring program was deemed satisfactory by the majority of mentees. Every medical student's personal and professional development is the main goal of mentoring. Mentees’ comments are helpful, but other ways to address personal or professional issues are needed.
Determinants of health-seeking behaviours leading to total delay in tuberculosis treatment among adult patients in Kirinyaga County, Kenya
Authors: Wambui Milkah W. , Oyore John P. , Kimani Harun M.
Published: September 2024

Background: Total delay in tuberculosis (TB) treatment is a great challenge in public health, where it leads to more cases of morbidity and mortality. The study aimed to identify the determinants of health-seeking behaviors that lead to total delay in TB treatment.
Methods: Employed a mixed-method approach where qualitative and quantitative data were collected. Multistage sampling methods to identify the respondents.
Results: The findings revealed that the prevalence of total delay in TB treatment was 60.6%. 47% of the patients sought treatment after months of illness. 68% of patients committed to delay in seeking care due to lack of TB knowledge. 58% were diagnosed with TB on their first visit while 42% visited the health facility more than once before diagnosis. The patients experience the three levels of total delay; short delay (27%), moderate delay (28%), and long level (45%). Individual factors such as level of education, employment status, and comorbidities status were found to be associated with a total delay at a p value of 0.0028, 0.012, and <0.00, respectively.
Conclusions: The level of TB total delay was long among the patients where there was a delay in seeking care, diagnosis, and treatment. Factors such as level of education, employment status, and comorbidity status were found to be associated with health-seeking behaviors leading to total delay. Recommendations include; implementing TB programs, strengthening and promoting health education, health awareness campaigns, and prompt diagnosis and treatment of TB. Further research is necessary for additional factors and to assess intervention effectiveness.
Adherence to post-exposure prophylaxis and associated socio-demographic characteristics of dog bite patients visiting selected health facilities in Kisii County, Kenya
Authors: Ogugu Nickson Okiomeri , Mwanzo Isaac , Gicheru Muita Micheal
Published: September 2024

Background: Dog bites have proven to be a significant public health concern among African and Asian countries that report 95% of human mortalities. Rabies is a deadly viral disease spread by a rabid animal that invades the CNS and is 100% fatal. The main objective of the study was to assess adherence to rabies post-exposure prophylaxis and associated socio-demographic characteristics among dog bite patients.
Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study with 289 dog bite patients from selected health facilities in Kisii County, Kenya. Simple random sampling technique was adopted in the selection of participants, while the health facilities were purposively selected. Data was analysed using SPSS software version 25.
Results: More than a half (57.8%) of the dog bites were females as compared to their male counterparts (42.2%). Level of education (p=0.001), age (p=0.012), marital status (p=0.001), income (p=0.001) were significant determinants of adherence to rabies PEP treatment, preferred rabies PEP regimen acquired (p=0.001). Over 68.2% of the patients adhered to rabies PEP treatment, adherence to individual dosage of ARV regimen with 67.2% of dog bite patients completed the PEP regimen, ZAGREB regimen had 95.6% of dog bite patients likely to complete their treatment compared to ESSEN regimen.
Conclusions: Dog bites were prevalent among females. The study further revealed that as the level of education increased the odds of rabies PEP adherence treatment improved. Dog bite patients preferred ZAGREB rabies PEP regimen.
HIV/AIDS awareness and risk perception among youth in Jaintia hills, Meghalaya
Authors: Deb Roumi , Mitra Arpita , Mohan Meenakshi
Published: September 2024

Background: The spread of HIV/AIDS continues to rise, particularly among youth populations. Understanding HIV/AIDS knowledge and risk perception is crucial. This study aimed to assess HIV/AIDS knowledge among indigenous youth in the remote hill area of Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya, India.
Methods: This cross-sectional study targeted youths aged 17-24 in the east and west Jaintia Hills districts of Meghalaya. HIV screening followed WHO-evaluated kit protocols, guided by NACO (National AIDS Control Organization) guidelines. A pretested interview schedule gathered detailed information on knowledge, attitude, perception, and behavior (KAPB), supplemented by focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews.
Results: HIV prevalence was found to be 5.4%, with a higher infection rate among females than males. Gender exhibited significant associations with HIV/AIDS knowledge levels, including transmission and treatment (p=0.01). Qualitative interviews highlighted evolving risk perceptions, including knowledge and testing, and instances of “intentional exposure”, such as knowingly transmitting HIV through unprotected sex or sharing nonsterile intravenous drugs. Additionally, HIV-related stigma and discrimination emerged as prominent themes.
Conclusions: The study indicated insufficient access to HIV knowledge and education among the population, hindering testing and support services. Qualitative insights underscored internalized and community stigma and discrimination. Furthermore, higher HIV prevalence among females suggests increased vulnerability due to unprotected sexual practices with multiple partners. Urgent measures are needed to provide accessible, culturally sensitive, and community-based education and treatment for youth in the region.
Descriptive study on knowledge, attitude and practice regarding dengue fever and its vector control in Aligarh
Authors: M. S. Monish , Mehnaz Saira , Abedi Ali Jafar , Ansari Mohammad Athar , Zubair Mohammad Yasir
Published: September 2024

Background: In the past decade, there was a substantial increase in dengue burden on health services and economy of the nation. UP is endemic to dengue fever (DF) with cases being reported throughout the year.
Methods: Between February 2022 and May 2022, an epidemiological survey was conducted in 192 households (HHs) randomly selected from all field practice areas affiliated with urban health training centre (UHTC) and rural health training centre (RHTC) of the department of community medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru medical college, Aligarh. Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) were assessed by means of a pre-tested and structured questionnaire.
Results: As per Bloom’s cut-off criteria, it was identified that about 85.9% of the participants had poor level of knowledge, 83.3% had neutral attitude and 50.5% had poor level of practice regarding DF and its vector control.
Conclusions: There was a lack of in-depth knowledge regarding DF and its vector control along with poor preventive practices against DF in the study participants. This observation revealed that health education intervention is necessary to enhance KAP regarding dengue prevention and vector control in Aligarh community.
Study on perception of Omicron, attitude, and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine among first year MBBS students in a medical college of Assam
Authors: Rabha Alpana Priya , Deka Upama
Published: September 2024

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 new variant B.1.1529 known as a variant of concern (VOC) has become global concern since detected in 26th November 2021. Effective and safe COVID-19 vaccines have been approved for use since the end of 2020 and countries are actively vaccinated the different age group especially HCWs and other risk population. The present studies have been initiated to know the perceptions on new variant Omicron, knowledge and attitudes of COVID-19 vaccine and its acceptance among the first-year medical students in a tertiary care teaching hospital in a district of Assam.
Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among first year medical students from April to June, 2022 at FAAMCH, in Barpeta of Assam. By convenience sampling technique 116 students were participated and data were collected using self-administered structured questionnaires regarding perception of SARS-CoV2 new variant Omicron, their knowledge and attitudes and acceptance on COVID-19 vaccination. Data were analysed in SPSS-16 version.
Results: Among the study participants 95.68% were aware of new variant omicron, 29% were on diagnostic test, 94.83% on mode of transmission and 100% on precautionary measures. 100% study participants were aware on COVID-19 vaccine and 97% have taken two doses of COVID-19 vaccines.
Conclusions: The study showed that the 111 (95.68%) study participants were aware about new variant Omicron. The level of knowledge on COVID-19 vaccine was 78 (67.24%) average, attitude and acceptance level was 103 (88.79%) found to be higher among the study participants.
Assessment of effectivity and adaptability of DOAP as a teaching and learning method by II-MBBS students for intravenous cannulation in simulated environment
Authors: Dhavalshankh Archana Ganesh , Dhavalshankh Ganesh P. , Dhavalshankh Gayatri Ganesh
Published: September 2024

Background: Before implementing any teaching and learning method in the curriculum, it is required to evaluate its effectivity, feasibility and adaptability. DOAP is one new TL method in CBME help to facilitate self-directed, long-term learning and to cultivate and enhance interest in the study. This study aimed to assess the effectivity and Adaptability of DOAP as a teaching and learning method by II-MBBS students for intravenous cannulation in simulated environment.
Methods: For this cross-sectional, data collected from 150 students from MBBS II phase. Demonstration by a trained facilitator for a group of 10 followed by assistance and then performance by individual student under supervision using mannequin in simulated environment. The effectivity assessed with knowledge domain using pre-test and post-test and skill domain, OSPE checklist validated by subject expert used. Adaptability assessed after feedback from students and teachers. Statistical analysis was done using t test.
Results: There was graded improvement seen after post-test I and II (44.62% and 70.08% respectively). The significant improvement was seen in performance with pre and post OSPE mean score results (11.74, 16.48 and 19.6 respectively) with p value less than 0.001 after both post DOAP OSPE. As per students’ and teachers’ feedback DOAP is very much effective TL method to impart knowledge, skill and communication domain on IMG.
Conclusions: DOAP is effective TL method to impart knowledge, skill and communication domain on IMG. Pre-requisites like infrastructure, trained facilitators and time constraints has to consider before its implementation.
Understanding the knowledge about diabetic and its effect on eye among patients visiting a multi-specialty hospital: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sharma Shikha , Chander Ashish , Yadav Rakesh Kumar
Published: September 2024

Background: The objective of this study was to access the knowledge about diabetic and its effect on eye.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 352 patients visiting a multi-specialty hospital of Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh. The study was conducted among the age group 29 to 80 years. A pre validated questionnaire was used to collect the responses about knowledge on diabetic and its effect on eye.
Results: The study included a sample of 352 individuals aged between 29 and 80 years, with a mean age of 53.7 years. The gender distribution was fairly balanced, with 53.7% females and 46.3% males. Most participants resided in urban areas (60.8%), while the remaining 39.2% were from rural localities. Out of the 352 individuals surveyed, 282 participants, accounting for 80.1% of the total, indicated that they had heard of diabetic retinopathy. Out of the 352 individuals surveyed, 236 provided valid responses on asking diabetes affect eyes.
Conclusions: Despite of good knowledge of participants about diabetic, eye health care providers must prioritize comprehensive education about the ocular complications of diabetes during routine consultations. Such interventions are crucial for early detection and management of diabetic eye diseases, which can significantly reduce the risk of vision loss and improve the quality of life for these patients.
A qualitative study among doctors exploring the factors influencing the doctor-patient relationship in a Government Medical College, Nadia district, West Bengal
Authors: Pal Jayita , Krishna Nandu , Mandal Mainak , Ghosh Koustab
Published: September 2024

Background: An efficient healthcare delivery system needs a healthy doctor-patient relationship. One of the important factors in the desired treatment outcome is the soundness of this healing relationship, which depends on the perception and attitude of both doctors and patients. This study aimed at assessing the status of this relationship as viewed by the doctors and exploring different factors influencing their perceptions regarding the same.
Methods: In this qualitative study, the data were collected through 17 open-ended, in-depth interviews with doctors attending a Government Medical College in Nadia district, West Bengal. The participants’ experiences and their perceptions regarding the relationship were subjected to grounded theory content analysis after transcription and coding.
Results: The findings revealed that the components of the doctor-patient relationship could be categorized into four key processes; ie; commitment; valuing the patient; doctor’s character and competencies; and the balance of power. This further led to the formation of three necessary relational elements, namely, trust; peace and hope; and being acknowledged. Respect in both ways was the established theme from this analysis.
Conclusion: The physician-patient relationship plays a central role in patient outcomes. The factors affecting the same are quite comprehensible and these factors are to be taken care of, giving the highest priority, for the flawless running of health system.
Use of internet for health information and health seeking behavior among adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bhangare Sadhana P. , Ashturkar Madhura D. , Giri Purushottam
Published: September 2024

Background: In recent era web technology has unlock many new opportunities in health care sector. E-Health literacy is “the ability to understand, and appraise health information from electronic sources and apply the knowledge gained to solve a health problem”. This study aimed to understand the characteristics and preferences of online health information seekers so that online health information providers can create appropriate health information content which will contribute to health management and promotion.
Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out in the general population who use internet to access health information. A sample of 400 were selected though convenient sampling. Semi-structured, self-administered, pre-tested online questionnaire using Google forms was sent to participants. Data was entered in Microsoft excel for appropriate statistical analysis.
Results: In the present study, 82% (315/400) were using the internet for health information through digital media and 74% believe this could be helpful for raising health awareness. It was observed that among the participants (n=49.5%) looked for the side effects and dosing of common medications followed by disease symptomatology and its diagnosis (n=45%). This study found out that younger age group and literate population were more likely to access health information via internet which was statistically significant.
Conclusions: The current study revealed that younger individuals primarily utilize the internet to explore health information. Nearly half of the participants (49.5%) search for information on medications and their side effects online.
Comparative evaluation of liver function test in refractive psoriasis patients treated with tofacitinib and apremilast
Authors: Jadhav Priyadarshini R. , Goyal Sagar , Sheetal  , Dhavalshankh Gayatri , Dhavalshankh Archana , Dhavalshankh Ganesh
Published: September 2024

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that requires long-term management, often necessitating systemic treatments for moderate to severe cases. Tofacitinib, a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, and apremilast, a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, are increasingly used in refractory cases. Monitoring liver function is crucial due to potential hepatotoxicity. This study compared the impact of tofacitinib and apremilast on liver function tests (LFTs) over 12 months in patients with refractory psoriasis.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at D. Y. Patil Hospital, Kolhapur, involving 150 patients treated between January 2019 and December 2021. Patients received either tofacitinib (5 mg twice daily) or apremilast (30 mg twice daily) for at least 12 months. Exclusion criteria included a history of liver disease, significant alcohol consumption, and incomplete medical records. Baseline and follow-up LFTs at 3, 6, and 12 months were analyzed using paired t-tests and independent t-tests.
Results: Among 150 patients, 75 were treated with tofacitinib and 75 with apremilast. Baseline characteristics, including LFTs, were similar between groups. The tofacitinib group exhibited significant increases in ALT and AST levels at all follow-up points compared to the apremilast group (p<0.01). Mean ALT rose from 25.6 U/l to 42.3 U/l in the tofacitinib group, while in the apremilast group, it increased from 24.9 U/l to 28.9 U/l. ALP and bilirubin levels remained stable.
Conclusions: Tofacitinib is associated with higher incidence of liver enzyme elevations than apremilast. Regular liver function monitoring is recommended for patients on tofacitinib.
Nutritional status and its associated factors among the elderly population of urban Puducherry
Authors: G. Praveena , R. Porkodi , J. Venkatachalam
Published: September 2024

Background: Health of the elderly determines the wealth of the nation. The capacity to defend the body against disease, maintain anatomic and structural normality, cognitive function, and desire for social activity are all influenced by one’s nutritional status. Various age-related changes like physiological, psychological, social, nutritional, and environmental risk factors make the elderly vulnerable to malnutrition and increase the risk of impairment in vital functions of major organs. It is more complex in the elderly than in young age as it determines their morbidity and mortality.
Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study among 250 elderly using a simple random sampling method. The nutritional status was assessed with a mini nutritional assessment scale and activities of daily living using the Lawton-Brody IADL scale. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics at a 5% level of significance.
Results: Among 250 elderly, only 68 (27.2%) of them had normal nutritional status and a majority 146 (58.4%) were at risk of malnutrition. More than half 130 (52%) of the elderly had mild anemia and only 85 (34%) of them had normal levels of hemoglobin. The education level, occupation, per capita income, type of stay, BMI, and functional level (p<0.001), while gender (p<0.01) and religion, and hemoglobin (p<0.05) had a significant association with the nutritional status of the elderly.
Conclusions: The elderly at risk for malnutrition are more than those who are malnourished. Attention towards the elderly nutrition and associated morbidities needs focus by the family, health personnel and the government for the increasing population of the elderly.
Utilization patterns and satisfaction levels among beneficiaries attending Ayushman Bharat health and wellness centres in a coastal district of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Sivakumar Abinav , Boratne Abhijit V. , Chellamuthu Lalithambigai , Venkataraman Surendran
Published: September 2024

Background: “Ayushman Bharat” has its twin pillars of health and wellness centers (HWCs) and “Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana” which looks at health holistically and lays significant milestone towards India’s path to universal health coverage. To ensure delivery of comprehensive primary health care, existing sub health centres and certain primary health centres were transformed to HWCs. Objectives were to assess the utilization patterns and measure the satisfaction levels among beneficiaries attending Health and Wellness Centres in rural and urban areas of Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, India.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken over a period of six months among 808 beneficiaries from eight of the newly upgraded HWCs of Cuddalore. A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was employed. Data was collected by exit interviews using semi-structured questionnaire. Data entry and analysis was done by Epidata 3.1 and SPSS 21.
Results: Majority, 790 (97.7%) felt that healthcare providers were having a positive attitude towards them. In addition, 772 (95.5%) felt that doctors showed interest in them as a whole. About 320 (79.3%) beneficiaries attending rural HWCs were satisfied with the overall treatment received in comparison with 254 (62.8%) beneficiaries attending urban HWCs. The satisfaction level on the overall treatment received was low among urban HWCs beneficiaries.
Conclusions: Majority of the patients were satisfied with the health care services offered at HWCs and healthcare providers at HWCs.
Fatal outcome of suspected delayed-onset malignant hyperthermia in an infant with phocomelia: challenges in diagnosis and management
Authors: Sharma Sekhar Jyoti , Deori Pori , Bora Bikash Bhaskar , Khound Murchana , Pao Mritunjay
Published: September 2024

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare, life-threatening condition triggered by certain anesthetic agents, characterized by rapid onset of hypermetabolism, muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, and metabolic acidosis. Timely identification and the administration of dantrolene are pivotal in preventing fatal outcomes. We report the case of a 10-month-old male infant with phocomelia who developed delayed-onset MH following an otherwise uneventful herniotomy. The infant presented with seizures and an acute rise in body temperature (106°F) three hours post-surgery, suggesting a diagnosis of MH. Despite immediate administration of anticonvulsants and the initiation of aggressive cooling protocols, the seizures persisted, necessitating intubation, paralysis, and thiopentone infusion. Laboratory investigations showed severe metabolic acidosis and signs of rhabdomyolysis, such as reddish urine. A CT scan later revealed brain edema. Management was further complicated by the unavailability of dantrolene, the definitive treatment for MH, leading to a progressive decline in the patient’s condition and, eventually, multi-organ dysfunction and death. This case highlights the atypical presentation of delayed-onset MH in a pediatric patient with congenital anomalies and underscores the critical need for prompt recognition, effective management strategies, and the availability of essential treatments like dantrolene. It also emphasizes the importance of preparedness and adaptability among clinicians to manage rare, life-threatening conditions effectively and improve patient outcomes.
Evaluation of postoperative pain management strategies in maxillofacial surgery patients
Authors: Bukhsh Ayman T. , Alnakhli Sawsan H. , Alzahrani Osama S. , Barakat Omar M. , Muwainea Aljazi M. , Alraddadi Ibrahim S. , Alsaleh Abdulaziz A. , Albishri Nawaf A.
Published: September 2024

Evaluating postoperative pain management strategies in maxillofacial surgery is essential for optimizing patient outcomes and satisfaction. This review assesses various pain management approaches, emphasizing the importance of a multimodal strategy. Effectiveness is measured using standardized pain scales such as the visual analog scale (VAS) and numeric rating scale (NRS), along with evaluating functional recovery indicators like chewing, swallowing, and speaking. Safety considerations focus on monitoring adverse effects from analgesics, ensuring proper wound healing, and minimizing infection risks. Patient satisfaction is gauged through direct feedback on pain management experiences and adherence to prescribed regimens. Cost-effectiveness is analyzed by evaluating resource utilization, including hospital stay duration, additional medical interventions, and medication costs. Studies indicate that comprehensive pain management bundles, although initially more expensive, can lead to long-term cost savings and improved patient outcomes. Implementing a patient-centred, multidisciplinary approach that includes both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods is crucial for effective pain management in maxillofacial surgery.
A review on strategies for smoking cessation and the management of nicotine dependence
Authors: Abdullah Marwah Y. , Alsaleh Eman H. , Alkhulaiwi Naima A. , Almalki Mayssan H. , Zamil Bayan T. , Alenezi Abdassalam F. , Alferaih Abdulaziz K. , Ahmed Mahir A. , Mehawish Safaa F. , Khalifa Khalid A.
Published: September 2024

This review explores strategies for smoking cessation and the management of nicotine dependence, focusing on behavioural treatments, pharmacotherapies, and the integration of both approaches. Smoking is a major contributor to numerous health conditions, and effective cessation strategies are vital for improving public health outcomes. Current evidence-based treatments include individual, group, and telephone counselling, along with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) - approved pharmacotherapies, which have proven successful across diverse populations, including those with low socioeconomic status or comorbid conditions. Nicotine dependence, recognized as a chronic and relapsing condition, requires systematic treatment approaches in healthcare settings. Behavioural therapies, such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), motivational interviewing, and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), show efficacy in addressing both the physiological and psychological aspects of nicotine addiction. Combining these interventions with pharmacotherapies often yields the highest cessation rates. The review highlights the importance of personalized treatment plans that consider individual motivations, socioeconomic factors, and the chronic nature of nicotine dependence, advocating for comprehensive approaches to smoking cessation.
An overview of contact dermatitis: occupational factors and preventive strategies
Authors: Alsubhi Mohammed I. , Mohamed Fatima Y. , Alshahrani Nada A. , Alridwan Ali A. , Alghamdi Shrouq M. , Albyali Shatha Y. , Alsuhaymi Zuhair H. , Alharbi Ibtisam H. , Alhumoud Zainab J. , Alshammari Albatoul T.
Published: September 2024

Contact dermatitis, encompassing both acute and chronic skin inflammation, arises from exposure to chemical or physical agents. This condition, which includes irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), represents 95% of occupational skin disorders. ICD, accounting for 80% of cases, results from a direct cytotoxic effect on skin cells due to irritants such as abrasives and cleaning agents. It manifests as burning, stinging, and various degrees of skin damage. Chronic ICD stems from repeated exposure to irritants like solvents, while acute cases can result from single exposures or ultraviolet-induced reactions. In contrast, ACD, which constitutes 20% of cases, develops due to an allergic reaction to specific substances after sensitization. Individuals in certain professions, including hairdressers and healthcare workers, are particularly at risk. Preventive strategies include educational programs, protective measures like barrier creams and gloves, and regulatory controls. Emerging treatments focus on antioxidants, chelators, and specialized formulations to manage symptoms and improve occupational health.
Integrating preventive care strategies in routine dental practice
Authors: Alshammari Rehab M. , Aljelaly Heyam W. , Almutair Tariq J. , Alarfaj Nasser A. , Alhamami Abdulmaged A. , Alsomali Ekram A. , Alzahrani Jawaher S.
Published: September 2024

Preventive care plays a critical role in dental practice, focusing on reducing the incidence of oral diseases such as dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral cancers. Fluoride applications, dental sealants, and routine prophylaxis are well-established interventions that help maintain oral health by preventing disease progression and minimizing the need for complex treatments. Fluoride strengthens enamel, making it resistant to acid attacks, while sealants protect vulnerable areas of teeth, particularly molars, from decay. Regular prophylaxis helps remove plaque and tartar, preventing periodontal disease. These preventive strategies are effective but often underutilized due to a lack of patient awareness and adherence. Patient education is essential in ensuring the successful integration of preventive care into daily oral health routines. Personalized education, supported by visual aids and digital tools, empowers patients to take an active role in their oral health. Early diagnosis through routine dental screenings is another key factor in maintaining dental health. Detecting conditions such as caries, gingivitis, and even oral cancer at their early stages allows for timely intervention and better outcomes. The effectiveness of early diagnosis in preventing the progression of oral diseases is well-documented, with regular dental visits shown to reduce the prevalence of severe dental conditions and improve patient quality of life. The incorporation of preventive interventions into routine dental practice enhances overall patient outcomes, reduces the burden of disease, and fosters long-term health benefits. By focusing on prevention, dental professionals can play a proactive role in maintaining oral health, reducing the need for restorative treatments, and improving patient engagement in their care. Emphasizing patient education, regular screenings, and early intervention strengthens the foundation of preventive dental care and contributes to the overall well-being of patients.
Forensic nursing in India-importance of introducing forensic nursing in Indian scenario
Authors: Jaiswal A.K. , Shokeen Sangeetaa
Published: September 2024

The most modern idea in forensic services is forensic nursing, which has only lately been implemented in India. This idea unites resources from criminal justice, forensic science, and healthcare with a shared concern for the suffering of crime victims, accused people, and their families.Nursing professionals and nursing students are currently bursting with excitement about becoming forensic nurse examiners. Police organizations and forensic medical specialists will directly benefit from this advancement. With competent forensic nursing colleagues, forensic pathologists and forensic medical examiners (FME) will be able to carry out their professional responsibilities more effectively. Direct services from forensic nursing specialists, who are specially trained to work with people who are traumatized by crime or who have been falsely accused of crimes, will be beneficial to society. Experts in building relationships with these particular clientele, forensic nurse examiners are able to effortlessly clarify legal needs and complexities. Better forensic nurses are those who can conduct sympathetic, in-language interviews with patients.

This abstract provides a brief overview of the topic, including its relevance, current status, challenges, and potential future directions, while also hinting at the key findings and recommendations of the paper.
A prospective analysis of organophopshorous posioning at a Tertiary Care Hospital Vijaywada
Authors: Babu Muchukota , Devchand N. , Krishnajaneyulu Ande , Muralidhar MV , Sushma Muchukota
Published: September 2024

This study provides a comprehensive prospective analysis of organophosphorus poisoning cases at a tertiary care hospital in Vijayawada. A total 75 cases of Organophosphorus compound poisoning were analysed during a one-year period from March 2022 to February 2023. The Research focuses on Prevalence, Demographic patterns, Clinical Presentations, and treatment outcomes of patients affected by OP poisoning. The findings underscore the urgent need for public health initiatives to reduce the incidence and improve management of OP poisoning in the region. Young male population of rural background, particularly agricultural workers was the commonest patients (57.3%). The most common motive of poisoning was with a suicidal intent, both in males (38.6%) and females (30.6%), and highest number of patients consumed Dichlorvos (50.6%). Financial crisis was one of the most common reasons analysed as the motive behind the poisoning (57.3%). Sixty-two members (82.6%) patients recovered and Thirteen (17.3%) expired. Study concluded that major cause of death in these cases was respiratory failure followed by multi-organ failure.
A research on developing latent fingerprints on human skin with cosmetic powders
Authors: Chauhan Anita , Kaul Prakriti
Published: September 2024

Recovering latent fingerprints on human skin is challenging due to its continuous renewal, elasticity, and factors like body temperature and perspiration. Traditional fingerprint powders often fail on skin. This study explores using cosmetic powders to develop latent prints on skin and assess their effectiveness under varying environmental conditions.

The study employed three cosmetic powders (talcum, eye shadow, and vermilion), a makeup brush, white paper tape, scissors, a glass slide, hand lens, and gloves. Latent fingerprints were intentionally deposited on the forearms and foreheads of 12 individuals of varying ages. These prints were developed with different powders, lifted using tape, and photographed for comparative analysis.

The study assessed talcum, vermilion, and eye shadow powders for latent fingerprint development. Eye shadow powder proved most effective, especially for individuals aged 10-30, yielding clear patterns in over 80% of cases. Vermilion showed promise for younger age groups but less effectiveness for those over 30.

The research evaluated talcum, vermilion, and eye shadow powders for latent fingerprints on living individuals. Eye shadow powder proved most effective, highlighting friction ridges well. Despite limitations, cosmetic powders show potential for forensic use, requiring consideration of skin adherence and hypoallergenic properties in future studies.
A tattoo mystery
Authors: Dhingra Vinod , Chaudhary Rinkal
Published: September 2024

The identity of the person is crucial in any crime scene examination. Identification of the deceased is one of the main goals in forensic medicine. It is imperative to confirm the identity of the deceased person before conducting the autopsy. Finding a deceased person's identification becomes difficult if there are no hints or reference materials that may be compared. Some conventional techniques are available to establish the identity of the person in those cases where reference samples are not available. A case from Gwalior, M.P. was examined where an unidentified dead body of a male was found near Gwalior fort. The conventional technique was used in this case for the identification of the deceased hand and the identity was established.
Exploring the synergy between artificial intelligence and periodontal treatment
Authors: Kale Preeti , Reddy K Sohith , Ghosh Soumyabrata
Published: September 2024

This review explores the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in periodontal treatment, emphasizing its synergy with patient record maintenance, risk assessment, and prediction. AI-driven systems enhance the accuracy of diagnosing and monitoring periodontal diseases, enabling early detection and screening. The integration of AI facilitates personalized and AI-supported periodontal education, tailoring preventive strategies to individual patient profiles. By analyzing vast datasets, AI models can predict disease progression and treatment outcomes, thus optimizing patient care. Additionally, AI's application in periodontal research accelerates the discovery of novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. This review highlights how AI not only improves clinical decision-making but also revolutionizes periodontal research and education, leading to more effective, personalized, and evidence-based periodontal care.
Comparative evaluation of stability and osseointegration of dental implants placed with and without platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): A systematic review
Authors: Pawar Prasanna , Mahale Kishor , Khalikar Smita , Rajguru Vilas , Mahajan Sonali , Tandale Ulhas
Published: September 2024

The survival of dental implants mainly depends on overall health of the patient, drugs affecting the osseointegration and periodontal condition of soft tissues. The addition of PRF to the implant surface to promote BIC and enhance bone regeneration in order to promote quicker bone healing and osseointegration, and to enhance the stability of endosseous implants. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate and compare the stability and osteointegration of dental implants placed with and without platelet-rich fibrin (PRF).
Diabetes and oral health - A review
Authors: Kaur Sapanpuneet
Published: September 2024

There are two types of DM: primary and secondary. Primary diabetes includes both type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes can be immune-mediated (A) or idiopathic (B). Diabetes can induce changes in the oral cavity, including periodontitis (pyorrhea) and gingival hyperplasia, both gum-related conditions. Diabetes-related oral conditions include dental caries, oral mucosal diseases, glossodynia, trigeminal neuropathy, and taste impairment. Some people may have xerostomia, whilst others may have fruity (acetone) breath.