bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROTEIN AND PEPTIDE BASED DRUG DELIVERY: PHARMACEUTICAL APPROACHES
Authors: Patel Namrata , Amresh Gupta Amresh Gupta , Arpita Singh  , Nitish Kumar  , Mohd. Aqil Siddiqui
Published: May 2021

Protein and peptide are last three decades therapeutic peptides and proteins have risen in prominence as potential drug of future. Polymers of protein consist of amino acids covalently linked by peptide bonds. Peptides are small proteins composed of up to a couple of dozen amino acids proteins are rapidly degraded by digestive enzymes. Till recently, injections remain the foremost common means for administering these protein and peptide drugs. In the other routes that have been tried with varying degrees of success are the oral, buccal, intranasal, pulmonary, transdermal, ocular and rectal. In this review, the aim is to specialise in the varied routes and approaches for delivery of Peptide and protein drugs. The Continuous efforts are focussed for formulation of this therapeutics into safe and effective delivery systems. In this review briefly describes the possible methods for the delivery of protein and peptide drugs through various routes.
Effect of Nursing Protocol Regarding Nasal Skin Breakdown for Preterm Infants Receiving Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
Authors: Said Khadiga M. , Mohamed Rawia A. , Draz Safaa F.
Published: May 2021

Context: Neonates, particularly those who are born premature, may require ventilation assistance immediately after birth, since their lung may not be fully developed. The use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is increasing as a means of respiratory support in many premature infants. So, the presence of nasal skin breakdown may be seen as a complication.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of nursing protocol regarding nasal skin breakdown for preterm infants receiving nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).

Methods: A quasi-experimental research design utilized to conduct the current study. The study conducted at Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) and Surgical Neonatal Intensive Care Unit "SNICU" of Benha Specialized Pediatric Hospital at Benha city. A convenient sample of nurses (70) working in NICU sand SNICU and a purposive random sample of (77) preterm infants included from the settings mentioned above. Those premature infants were divided into two groups (study and control) (35) in the control group and (42) in the study group, who selected according to the power analysis equation based on the total number of preterm infants who admitted to the setting mentioned above during 2017. Three tools used. A structured interviewing questionnaire sheet designed to assess nurses’ sociodemographic characteristics, and nurses' knowledge regarding CPAP, care provided to preterm infants undergoing CPAP, and nasal skin breakdown. The second tool was a nursing practice observation checklist to assess nurses' practice regarding nasal CPAP. The third tool was Preterm Medical Assessment Record. It designed to assess the characteristics of preterm infants and medical data of preterm infants. The last tool was the Neonatal Skin Condition Score (NSCS) scale that is designed to assess the neonates’ skin condition.

Results: Findings of the present study revealed a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) pre and post nursing protocol implementation regarding CPAP, the role of the nurse caring for preterm infants undergoing nasal CPAP, and nasal skin breakdown. The results also revealed a highly statistically significant difference in nursing practice regarding care for preterm infants undergoing nasal CPAP pre and post nursing protocol implementation at (p<0.001). Nasal Skin Breakdown in the study group was significantly less than in the control group at a different time of assessment at (p˂0.001).

Conclusion: It can be concluded that the research hypothesis is accepted, nursing protocol implemented for nurses improved their knowledge and practice as well as reduced nasal skin breakdown in the preterm newborns receiving NCPAP. The study recommended applying the nursing protocol for nurses caring for preterm infants to reduce nasal skin breakdown during CPAP ventilation, which is an effective and safe non-invasive intervention in all NICUs as a standard of care for all preterm infants.
A COMPARATIVE EXPECTED VALUE ANALYSIS STUDY TO DETERMINE IF THE ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF SCREENING AND EARLY DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT OF THE MOST COMMON TYPES OF CANCER IN THE UNITED STATES PROVIDE ECONOMIC VALUE
Authors:   La Sierra University, Riverside, California, Anderson S. Eric
Published: May 2021

Breast, colorectal and skin cancer screening and early diagnosis with treatment provides economic value, while lung cancer screening and early diagnosis with treatment came close to providing economic value. Bladder, endometrial, kidney, leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, pancreatic, prostate and thyroid cancer screening and early diagnosis with treatment were not found to have provided economic value.
Homelife Stressors and Their Long-Term Impact
Authors:   Sociology Department, Brandman University PSYU 301: Scientific Writing in Behavioral Sciences Dr. Jodi McKnight, Lara Alexandria N.
Published: May 2021

There are five theories on human development: Psychoanalytic, Behaviorist, Cognitive, Sociocultural, and Evolutionary- all playing a large role in how humans: interact with one another, battle unconscious impulses, respond to stimuli, form concepts, learn values of society, and develop the need to survive and reproduce (Berger, 2017). From a sociocultural perspective, a lot of these traits we learn are more nurture rather than nature. From birth to old age, connections are being made socially and cognitively from sensorimotor functioning levels to advanced formal operational levels. Family functioning is a very in-depth topic that be used to further examine the effects on children as they grow into adulthood. There are certain necessities that must exist in these family homes to insure a healthy development- physically, mentally, and emotionally. However, there are certain life circumstances that can serve as a barrier to a stress-free lifestyle. A few that have been annotated are relocation, divorce, and unemployment (Berger, 2017). All of which are understood to a more sophisticated degree by the parents and can affect their children depending on their child’s age, genes, and gender. It is not until the ages of six to eleven that children start to cognitively apply logic and begin to have a thinking experience from direct experiences. A study was conducted to measure the effects of high-conflict divorce on separating families. The goal was to further understand the level of internalizing and externalizing problems that resulted withing the children of separated parents. The child’s perception was one of the measurement tools that were used to determine frequency of stressful situations that were displayed by the parents and it was concluded that parental quality (PQ) can have an effect on their child’s externalizing and internalizing problems, post-divorce (Hara, Sandler, Wolchik, Tein, & Rhodes, 2019). Several adults were surveyed on their current relationship satisfaction, personal trauma history and other participant data history to further uncover complications that can occur in family homes that may have impact on the family function and the current mental state of these families. There was a total of twenty-two respondents who participated in a ten-item survey.
Socioeconomic Effects on Household Access to Primary Healthcare Facilities in Selected Riverine Communities, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Dagogo Samuel,
Published: May 2021

Access to healthcare is complex and varies across countries, regions, communities and individuals. The study aimed to assess the socioeconomic effects on household access to Primary Healthcare (PHC) facilities in selected riverine communities in Rivers State, Nigeria. Objectives of the study are to characterise the socioeconomic condition of households in the study area; determine the spatial distribution of PHC facilities in the study area, identify the effects of the socioeconomic conditions of households to access to PHC facilities in the selected riverine communities in the study area, and suggest appropriate policy measures to improve households access to PHC facilities and services in the study area. The study employed Mixed Methods Research (MMR) approach and sequential explanatory research design for data collection and analyses. The study employed simple random and purposive sampling techniques. A total of 400 respondents (households) were interviewed including key informants (government agencies and professionals) and Geographic Information System (GIS) was used for map analysis to show spatial distribution of PHC facilities in the study area. However, 328 questionnaires were considered valid for analysis of data. The study revealed, most of the households’ occupations are fishing, artisan and petty trading characterising low socioeconomic status. The study found PHC facilities are not evenly spatially distributed in the study area which has made households to use various available transport modes to access the facilities since the area is separated by creeks, rivers and sea. This has made travel time, distance and cost economically unfavourable to households in term of accessibility since they are relatively poor economically. The study has suggested the following recommendations including improvement of the socioeconomic status of households through education and vocational training programmes that will provide better employment opportunities, government should provide Mobile Healthcare programmes and services through water vessels and ambulances to reach remoted communities, proper study should be carried out to ascertain the population and their characteristics before locating PHC facilities for optimum utilisation, Smart Healthcare Services (SHCS) should be provided through Tele-Healthcare facilities to overcome distance and time, and government should collaborate with non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and multinational to provide Mobile Healthcare services in riverine communities to reduce challenges of accessibility and cost on households.
The Influences of Organizational Structure in the Hidden Curriculum: Implications in School Practice
Authors:   University of Santo Tomas, Graduate School, Manila, Philippines, Porlares Charl Vince L.
Published: May 2021

The school as a social variable is an important driver and agent of change. At its heart is the curriculum, which gears the school of different teaching-learning experiences as well as supporting activities that also contribute to the overall school experience. Curriculum, as a knowledge, equates to the stakeholders transmitting the content developed to the learners; as a process, involves the stakeholders in the actual teaching-learning practice; and as a product, is what the students have been equipped with— knowledge, skills, and values. All approaches underpin the involvement of various stakeholders in the school as an organization. The relationship between curriculum and stakeholders has been sought out, however, in the deeper context of the unseen curriculum, it is yet to be properly scrutinized. This paper attempts to review the hidden relationship between the school as an organization and the curriculum. An implication and future direction are drawn out from the existing pieces of literature.
The Post-Structuralist Repositioning of Allen Ginsberg’s Controversial Poem “Howl”: A Deconstructive Approach
Authors:   Khayyam University of Mashhad, Iran Postal Address: Apt no. 3, No. 20, Piroozi 28th, Piroozi Blvd, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran, Baradaran Amir
Published: May 2021

Allen Ginsberg’s poems with their paradoxical language and syntax are a literary commentary on anger, hopelessness and frustration of the American society in the 1950s. His poems work on the binary concept of this culture versus counter-culture and try to portray a suitable diatribe on the cultural issues which were disgusting in Ginsberg’s mind. The present study looks for potentially malfunctioning sections of the language of his masterpiece “Howl” in order to argue that although attempted by the poet, there might be no organic unified without showing susceptibility to breakage and rupture. The study concludes that Ginsberg’s poetry strives hard to express a vehement lamentation in breath-length stanzas which often times decenters its own text and might raise multiple interpretations and provoke multiple lingual disorganizations. KEYWORDS: Allen Ginsberg, Deconstruction, Jacques Derrida, poem, binary opposition, rupture, analysis
Policy Analysis of Used Capital Fund of National Health Insurance (JKN) To Increase Employee Performance on Primary Healthcare (FKTP)Puskesmas in Pacitan
Authors:   Master of Hospital Administration , Postgraduate Program, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Rakasiwi Galuh Panji
Published: May 2021

Under the ministerial regulation no 21/2016 the payment of JKN service to the FKTP used capitation payment system. The payment given to the primary care is in the form of health service payment (minimum 60%). The allocation is based on types of workforce (profession, administrative tasks, person in charge of programs, and years of service) and attendance. This study investigates the possibility of adding employee performance as a variable in giving health service point for employees at FKTP Puskesmas. This study is a qualitative study in nature using case study design. The data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussion, and triangulation. Incentive payment increases the employee performance at work. The amount of incentives should line up with the employees performances. Incentives will not be effective if they are fixed and do not count the employees performances. In the ministerial regulation no 21/2016, healthcare service is not included as a variable in employee performance evaluation. The head of FKTP Puskesmas can use the results of employee performance evaluation to determine the amount of incentives received. One of the ways to improve employee performance is through reward and punishment system. Employee performance in Puskesmas can be increased by adding work performance evaluation as a variable capitation payment of BPJS Kesehatan to Puskesmas based on ministerial regulation (Permenkes) no 21/ 2016.
The Problem of Post 9/11 Representation in Sikandar: A Postcolonial Perspective
Authors: Rahman Bakht , Arif Muhammad , Mehmood Ansar
Published: May 2021

The issue of representation has always been a concern in postcolonial discourse. It is the result of colonialism. Earlier, it was the physical domination of the West and it ruled over their colonies in various parts of the world like the Caribbean, and South Asia. Currently, it is cultural and imperialistic domination by the same powers and of the same territories. The basic concern of these western powers is that the colonized cannot represent themselves since they are inferior, uncivilized, barbaric, and illiterate and so many other terms are used for their disposition and particularly after the catastrophic incident of 9/11. This paper investigates the issue of representation in Sikanadar, a novel by M Salahuddin Khan where he confronts, although in soft language, this European/Western stance, and stresses on the importance of mutual respect and dignity and love for humanity. This is a qualitative research where the researcher has used interpretation and textual analysis through the lens of postcolonialism. It has used an eclectic framework by combining both Edward Sarian and Bhabha concepts of colonialism.
Factors Associated with Academic Achievements of Students in Mathematics
Authors: Ullah Kaleem , Badshah Sareer , Rauf Muhammad
Published: May 2021

This study is conducted to find out the factors which are associated with students’ academic achievements in the subject of mathematics in different higher education institutions which are based in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The data is collected through a structured questionnaire from Bachelor of Studies (BS) 5th semester program of all the academic departments of well-known government educational institutions of Peshawar. All academic departments, except the departments of mathematics were selected, especially where the subject of mathematics is taught as compulsory or general course to the undergraduate students.  The collected data is analysed on SPSS-20. For the analysis purpose mean, standard deviation, T-test, chi-square, and odd ratios are used. The results show that earlier performance such as primary level, attitude toward mathematics, difficulty of mathematics, study hours and self-confidence in mathematics learning are associated with students’ academic achievement in mathematics.
Swat Conflict in Retrospect: Violence and Jarga among the Swat Pukhtuns in Pakistan
Authors: Azim Syed Wasif , Mehmood Wajid , Hussain Sajjad
Published: May 2021

Violent conflicts have perpetual and perennial impacts on societies. Culture and ethnic identities of the people are no exception. This study reflects the impacts of conflict and violence on culture, specifically a single cultural code known as Jarga. Methodologically, the study is based on an ethnographic fieldwork, comprised of 45 open-ended and in-depth interviews, five Focus Group Discussions and personal observation in Swat. Through the conflict in Swat and Pukhtun cultural code of Jarga, it contends that the conflict and violence in Swat has multiple and significant impacts for Jarga. Jarga on higher level, like the Swat Qaumi Jarga (Swat National Jarga) has been more active since the conflict started in 2007, while Jarga on lower (village) level has lost its practice in many areas of Swat. Militants and Pakistani state have been often involved in forming, using, and manipulating Jargas in Swat amidst the conflict. Moreover, the conflict has repercussions for Tanzeems (local organizations) and committees, which were sharing work and place with Jarga in Swat. The state institutions have introduced Village Defence Committees which have bypassed all the existing committees and organizations mainly due to their enhanced powers. These processes have added to ‘defaming’ the cultural ideals, which is socially an unacceptable and detrimental development for Pukhtun society. It has been concluded that conflict and violence impact the markers and codes of cultural and ethnic distinctiveness.
Pak-US Strategic Partnership and Challenge of Internal Radical Symbiosis
Authors: Salim Asif , Semetko Holli , Zehraa Sania
Published: May 2021

Pakistan’s efforts against the terrorism has entirely changed the security landscape of Pakistan. Growing waves of extremism, militancy and sectarianism emerged as a fundamental threat to the security of the state as the aftermath of 9/11. Different terrorist groups gathered under the umbrella of al-Qaeda and posed grave security challenges to the state. Although, their doctrinal philosophy and aims were stridently at contrast, but security situation compelled them to jointly chalk out a common strategy. Moreover, militants’ splinter groups with new leadership find out new source of funding which denied the upper hand of the security vanguards on them. The current paper at the first stage supplies deep analysis of the birth of various militant groups and on the next stage discusses different Jihadi, sectarian, and criminal groups’ closed nexus and their modus operandi. The outcome of the discussion shows that the benefits of marriage of convenience between the security apparatus and radical militants were less, but the impact was generational.
Middle East Dilemma: Pakistan’s Role as Mediator for Conflict Resolution
Authors: Zikriya  , Khan Naushad , Salim Asif
Published: May 2021

The development of international relations together with forces like globalization and technology has brought the world closer to each other. Friendly ties and relations with states create massive challenges during times of conflict. The focus of the paper is on the crisis evolving in the Middle East region and the role of Pakistan in solving those crisis considering relations with its closest allies, political and financial circumstances, and its foreign policy principles. A qualitative research approach with desk analysis technique has been applied to analyse the role of Pakistan as a mediator for the conflict resolution among Middle Eastern countries. The research highlights how the disputes created great problems for Pakistan, but it is still striving to resolve conflicts among Middle Eastern countries because maintaining peace and prosperity in the Muslim world has always been a top priority of Pakistan’s foreign policy.
SCO as a Passage to Regional Security: Future Developments and Opportunities for Pakistan
Authors: Ali Rubina , Ali Irfan , Ullah Shaukat
Published: May 2021

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is a pathway to promote regional security and has a strong commitment to counter security threats. The primary purpose of the organisation is to promote security, peace, and regional stability. Juxtapose SCO offers an opportunity for the member states to create direct security linkages in the region. First, the paper articulates the historical development of the SCO. Moreover, the paper evaluates SCO as a substantial pathway which is promoting the regional security effectively and how Pakistan, being a critical member state, is playing an active role in regional security. In addition, another goal is to determine how SCO member states enhance counter-terrorism cooperation at state levels as well as in the regional levels. The study shows that Pakistan supports SCO’s efforts for regional cooperation in counter-terrorism, drug trafficking and planned crimes. The paper concludes that regional security is an influential tool for further development of SCO. Finally, this paper briefly looks at the developmental programs like China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) that how the changing patterns in world politics promotes regional security with special focus on Pakistan.
Operationalisation of the Floating Voters Hypothesis in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Shah Hassan , Rehman Ashfaq U. , Mehmood Wajid
Published: May 2021

Vote bank of almost all the political parties in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) is fluctuating in every general election. It is believed that a significant ratio of floating voters exists in KP. These voters play a significant role as key deciders in every general election. But the basic question is "who are the floating voters and how do they influence the outcomes of the general elections in KP? This study is an attempt to test the floating voters’ hypothesis in KP. For testing this hypothesis, a four variable scale that includes, decision to vote; political awareness; satisfaction from the performance of the political party and interest in political and/or party affairs is used. Data collection is done through a closed-ended survey questionnaire and a multi-stage sampling technique is used for this purpose. Data is collected from three geographical regions of KP i.e., North, Centre, and South. The study population is total voters of KP, and a representative sample of 1200 respondents is determined through a statistical formula. Chi-Square test is used for the correlations of independent and dependent variables. The analysis of data confirmed the "floating voters’ hypothesis" and identified a significant ratio of floating voters in the KP.
The Role of Civil Society in Democratic Consolidation in Pakistan and Turkey
Authors: Batool Samina , Mahmood Amna , Ullah Amin
Published: May 2021

In the modern era, the role of civil society cannot be ignored in the development of a country. In the democratic arena, it compels the undemocratic elements to follow democratic norms in a given society and keeps a vigilant watch on the activities of the government. This article, apart from the conceptual clarification of civil society and democracy, throws light on how civil society played its role in the promotion of democratisation in Pakistan and Turkey. In Pakistan, civil society is considered as an umbrella phrase for a range of non-state and non-market citizen organisations and initiatives, network, and unions operating in an expansive gamut. The civil society in Pakistan has been flawed by the structural dynamics of state consolidation from the beginning. In current years, nevertheless, civil society organisations have proven to be stronger and dedicated but is still at a developing stage. Looking at the Turkish politics after the World War II, it has been under the influence of rapid democratisation as well as social mobilisation. It also precipitated the delivery of services to the neglected periphery of society.
Perspectives on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of Women in Azad Jammu and Kashmir: A Legal Analysis
Authors: Arif Sardar M. A. W. K. , Bashir Tayyaba , Fatima Khushboo
Published: May 2021

This article focuses on women’s economic, social and cultural (ESC) rights in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). The Key human right issues concerning three ESC rights, namely education, employment and health, are targeted and discussed here. The article argues that towards fulfilment of its state-like national and international human rights obligations, AJK may progressively realize for its women population, its ESC rights through legal and policy measures. At the outset, the article discusses key human rights of women in the AJK, reflecting on both law and policy issues. While discussing the three rights mentioned above, the main focus remains on equality and non-discrimination. An analytical method is adopted to analyse relevant laws and policies. The article will, however, note deficiencies, if any, in the relevant laws and policies pertaining to the three targeted rights.
Consumer Willingness to Pay for Attributes of Alternative Energy Sources in Pakistan
Authors: Ifat Mahmuna , Mercangoz Burcu Adiguzel , Hui Huang
Published: May 2021

Consistent and inexpensive energy access is pivotal for human development and sustainable living standard. Pakistan is facing a huge gap in the demand and supply of energy which is brewing since 2007. This study analysed the factor influencing the households’ willingness to pay for the alternative energy source. Using a world bank data, collected from 8500 households our study presented the findings of the ordered logit model. Our results indicate that there exists a positive willingness to pay for energy alternatives for socio-economic characteristics and energy attributes. Besides, it indicates the affordability and cost-saving factor of potential alternative significantly influence the WTP for the alternative energy source. We suggested the policymakers to make policies to encourage the invention of the affordable energy products that result in reliable and long-running energy alternatives. Similarly, the financial assistance in the form of easily accessible loans, subsidies, and attractive instalments for the energy products.
Covid-19 Pandemic and its Politico-Economic Implications: A Study of Pakistan
Authors: Shaheen Misbah , Siraj Uzma , Bhatti Muhammad Nawaz
Published: May 2021

Pakistan is one among the countries terribly affected by the novel contagious disease named “COVID-19”. The severe economic shortfall caused by the pandemic is likely to worsen the already frangible situation of political stability. A country of over 220 million people with a fragile democracy, brittle health system, and the sinking economy is vulnerable to the drastic politico-economic implications of COVID-19. Hence, the present study aims to analyze the politico-economic implications of this on-going pandemic for Pakistan. Mixed-method research design has been employed to investigate the research question, as the only quantitative or qualitative analysis was not much appropriate to develop a better understanding of the problem investigated in the study. The simultaneous application of both the numerical and opinion-based data provided a comprehensive framework to reach logical findings. The study concludes that the inadequate health facilities and less coordinated response, along with a substantial decline in GDP, will make the post-pandemic scenario more challenging and cumbersome. The study suggests an integrated and coordinated approach to cope with this deadly phenomenon presently and to minimize the unfavourable implications in the future.
Use of tanezumab for chronic pain treatment
Authors: Karateev A. E. , Lila A. M. , Alekseeva L. I.
Published: May 2021

The problem of chronic musculoskeletal pain, the cause of severe suffering and disability of hundreds of millions of people on our planet, is far from being solved. Pain control is particularly difficult in patients with severe forms of osteoarthritis (OA) and chronic non-specific low back pain (CLBP). Popular analgesics – nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids, demonstrate moderate effectiveness and a high risk of adverse events (AE). This leads to the search for new approaches for analgesic therapy. Tanezumab is a monoclonal antibody that specifically blocks nerve growth factor, which plays a key role in the development of chronic pain. A series of phase II and III studies showed that tanezumab was administered intravenously or subcutaneously at a dose of 2.5 mg to 20 mg once every 8 weeks. In patients with OA or CNSLBP, it has a pronounced and persistent analgesic effect that exceeds the effect of placebo, and is equal to or superior to the effect of many months of daily intake of naproxen, celecoxib, diclofenac, oxycodone and tramadol. Tanezumab can cause various AE, primarily rapid progression of OA (in 2.6–6.0%) and neurological disorders (paresthesia and hyposthesia, in ≈5%). At the same time, the progression of OA was significantly more often observed with the combined use of tanezumab and NSAIDs. Nevertheless, taking into account the characteristics of patients who used tanezumab (patients with pain refractory to standard treatment; severe forms of OA), the good analgesic potential of tanezumab allows us to consider it as a promising tool for the control of chronic musculoskeletal pain, which will be widely used in real clinical practice.
New laboratory biomarkers of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Dibrov D. A.
Published: May 2021

The review presents data on new biomarkers for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, considers the diagnostic parameters of antibodies to carbamylated proteins, antibodies to peptidyl arginine deaminase, antibodies to homocysteinylated α1-antitrypsin, 14-3-3η, macrophage soluble scavenger receptor A. The use of new biomarkers can improve the diagnosis of RA in the early stages, as well as stratify patients based on the prognosis of the disease and provide a rational selection of therapy.
Debate
Authors: Ciência Cadernos de História da
Published: May 2021

Os textos apresentados a seguir são reconstituições sintéticas dos depoimentos verbais proferidos pelos debatedores por ocasião do evento dedicado ao museu histórico e horto Osvaldo Cruz. Procuramos assegurar, nesse trabalho de edição, o melhor compromisso entre fidelidade ao conteúdo e economia da forma . Oregistro de tais depoimentos por gravação, assim como sua transcrição literal, encontram-se à disposição dos interessados nos arquivos do LEHG.

- Dra. Jandira Lopes de Oliveira - Diretora do Museu Emílio Ribas da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo.

- Dra. Maria Amélia Mascarenhas Dantes - Docente do Programa de Pós-graduação em História Social do Depto. de História da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da USP.
Cultura institucional e história: O Instituto Butantan
Authors: Bertolli Filho Cláudio
Published: May 2021

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O que é uma Causa?
Authors: Pessoa Jr. Osvaldo
Published: May 2021

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Síntese Computacional de Fenômenos Naturais: Geometria Fractal e Vida Artificial Parte 2: Síntese de Formas
Authors: Bonfim Danilo Mattos , Castro Leandro Nunes de
Published: May 2021

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A autosuficiência na produção de imunobiológicos e a criação Centro de Biotecnologia do Instituto Butantan
Authors: Ibañez Nelson , Wen Fan Hui , Fernandes Suzana C. G.
Published: May 2021

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Debate
Authors: Ibañez Nelson
Published: May 2021

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Homenagem ao centenário de nascimento de Caio Prado Jr.: contribuição no processo de criação da FAPESP
Authors: Solosando Aline
Published: May 2021

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Instituições e acervos: Experiências no estado de São Paulo no campo da saúde
Authors: Dantes Maria Amélia M.
Published: May 2021

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A origem e a constituição dos acervos ofiológicos do Instituto Butantan
Authors: Calleffo Myriam Elizabeth Velloso , Barbarini Cibele Cintia
Published: May 2021

O Instituto Butantan desenvolveu papel fundamental na área de saúde pública, pois além do ofidismo, se envolveu em estudos de doenças no final do século XIX. Desde o inicio do século XX, serpentes provenientes de várias localidades do Brasil, são trazidas pela população ao Instituto, em decorrência do trabalho iniciado por Vital Brazil em sua campanha contra o ofidismo, pela permuta de soro por cobras. Era grande a quantidade de cobras enviadas ao Instituto, o que favorecia o crescimento do acervo de serpentes colecionadas e expostas ao público. Neste ínterim o Butantan difundiu e divulgou suas pesquisas, seus produtos e realizou atividades educativas, baseadas neste acervo. A Recepção de Serpentes, conhecida tradicionalmente por fornecedores de cobras em todo Brasil, sempre foi a porta de entrada e destino dos animais no Instituto. Devido à grande demanda no envio e permuta dos animais tornou-se necessário o estudo taxonômico para identificar as novas espécies que chegavam, esclarecendo sobre a especificidade do soro antiofídico. Ao mesmo tempo, o público se interessava em ver e conhecer os animais peçonhentos. Estes trabalhos foram significativos para aprimorar o acervo, ampliando o setor de pesquisa e o de exposição pública, e projetando o Instituto em outras instituições nacionais e estrangeiras. Em decorrência destas atividades duas seções se estabeleceram: uma se especializou em receber, identificar, registrar, armazenar e conservar osanimais, divulgando suas pesquisas científicas e catalogando as espécies. Outra se aprimorou em exposições públicas com caráter educativo e museológico. Nosso objetivo é caracterizar a formação deste acervo que compartilha uma mesma origem e atualmente é reconhecido pela “Coleção de Serpentes Alphonse Richard Hoge”, Laboratório de Herpetologia – Divisão de Desenvolvimento Científico e Museu Biológico – Divisão de Desenvolvimento Cultural.
Corpo, educação e saúde: percepções de jovens adolescentes
Authors: Talamoni Ana Carolina Biscalquini
Published: May 2021

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo discutir a corporeidade enquanto fenômeno intersubjetivo cujos desdobramentos ocorrem nos vários domínios sociais, dentre eles na escola. Numa perspectiva fenomenológica, almeja-se pensar o espaço da educação e o papel da escola na “escolarização” do corpo, contribuindo na constituição de identidades individuais e coletivas. Os dados aqui discutidos são provenientes da realização de grupos de discussão junto a 29 jovens estudantes do ensino fundamental, com o objetivo de investigar as representações do corpo humano, suas repercussões na experiência do “corpo próprio” e as possíveis implicações destas relações nas condições de saúde do público pesquisado.
Determinismo climático e salubridade amazônica na percepção de Bates e Wallace
Authors: Alves José Jerônimo de Alencar
Published: May 2021

O interesse pela implicação do meio ambiente na vida do ser humano tornou-se efervescente nos dias de hoje. É um interesse renovado, pois ele era bastante acentuado antes da emergência do paradigma darwinista, claro que, com as características da época. O determinismo climático e outros temas que o Iluminismo colocou em evidência permaneciam no centro das discussões dos naturalistas quando Bates e Wallace residiram na Amazônia. Embora sejam mais conhecidos por suas contribuições, respectivamente, ao mimetismo dos insetos e à evolução das espécies, eles não deixaram de discutir as questões ambientais. Estas questões são analisadas pelo presente artigo, que aponta a experiência dos dois naturalistas na Amazônia como decisiva para aumentar suas dúvidas quanto ao determinismo climático e quanto à insalubridade dos trópicos. Desse modo, suas idéias são bem significativas de um contexto em que o velho paradigma fundado neste determinismo estava em crise.
Fordlândia: breve relato da presença americana na Amazônia
Authors: Sena Cristovam
Published: May 2021

O crescente interesse pela borracha na Amazônia, despertado pela exploração na Colômbia, em 1896, levou à vinda de estrangeiros à América do Sul, dentre eles Henry A. Wickham que retirou sementes de Hevea brasiliensis da região de Santarém/PA que foram cultivadas com sucesso na Malásia, promovendo um verdadeiro cartel da borracha no Sudeste Asiático.O americano Henry Ford, pensando em produzir sua própria matéria-prima para os pneus dos seus automóveis, adquiriu, em julho de 1927, terras no vale do Rio Tapajós, onde se iniciou a construção da cidade que recebeu o nome de Fordlândia. Destinada a ser a primeira “cidade empresa” edificada na Amazônia, oferecia a seus habitantes: hospital, escola, água encanada, luz elétrica, moradia, lazer e emprego. No entanto, o investimento de 125 mil dólares com a aquisição da terra não trouxe correspondente rendimento na exploração dos seringais cultivados; além da topografia montanhosa e solo arenoso que dificultavam o cultivo mecanizado, o ataque das seringueiras pelo fundo Microcyclus ulei praticamente dizimou os seringais implantados nos primeiros anos, obrigando a Companhia Ford Industrial do Brasil a transferir-se, em 1934, para Belterra, município de Santarém. A baixa produtividade, o fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial com conseqüente queda na demanda mundial por borracha, e a produção de borracha sintética levaram à retirada dos americanos da região do Tapajós em 1945. O governo federal adquiriu as benfeitorias e as plantações de seringueiras, porém não impediu a degradação de Fordlândia que viu seu patrimônio material ser dilapidado, ficando prédios em ruínas e lembranças de moradores remanescentes do tempo do fastígio da borracha.
O Instituto Biológico e seu Acervo Documental
Authors: Rebouças Márcia Maria , Bacilieri Simone , D’Agostini Silvana , Vitiello Nayte , Basso Luana Santamaría , Barbosa Érika , Pereira Juliana Sganzerla
Published: May 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo divulgar o acervo existente no Centro de Memória do Instituto Biológico, datado do final do século XIX, soma 340.000 documentos diversos (180.000 documentos textuais de cientistas desde o início do século XX, 60.000 fotografias e 70.000 slides em vidro e 3.000 documentos sobre arquitetura), documentos fundamentais para o estudo da cultura científica no Brasil e no exterior, demonstrando as ações de cientistas no correr da história. Destaca as coleções de Artur Neiva, José Reis e Henrique da Rocha Lima.
Da auto-suficiência à biotecnologia
Authors: Beçak Willy
Published: May 2021

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Cosmopolitan Identifiers
Authors: Obua Steven
Published: May 2021

I propose a simple Unicode-based lexical syntax for programming language identiﬁers using characters from international scripts (currently Latin, Greek and Cyrillic). What makes such cosmopolitan identiﬁers special is that each identiﬁer is either equivalent to a uniquely determined simple identiﬁer consisting only of ASCII characters, or that the identiﬁer is a symbolic identiﬁer. This makes collaboration in an international setting easier, especially in contexts where such identiﬁers are not only used by professional programmers, but are also present in the domain of normal users, for example through scriptable applications.
Hoàn thiện hệ hóa phẩm xử lý acid vùng cận đáy giếng vỉa cát kết tại mỏ Bạch Hổ và mỏ Rồng
Authors: Ngo Nguyen Van , Cong Le Van , Trung Do Thanh , Dung Nguyen Quoc , Tuy Dao Quoc
Published: May 2021

Bài báo giới thiệu quá trình hoàn thiện hệ hóa phẩm xử lý acid vùng cận đáy giếng vỉa cát kết tại các mỏ Bạch Hổ và Rồng của Liên doanh Việt - Nga “Vietsovpetro”. Thành phần chính của hệ acid (hàm lượng HF và tỷ lệ HCl/HF) được cải thiện theo hướng tiếp thu thành tựu khoa học công nghệ được áp dụng cho đối tượng đá cát kết; tăng khả năng phòng ngừa kết tủa thứ cấp các sản phẩm không mong muốn từ Fe(III) và Al(III). Trên cơ sở đó, nhóm tác giả đề xuất hướng tiếp tục hoàn thiện hệ acid và công nghệ triển khai phù hợp với giai đoạn cuối đời mỏ.
CORRELATOS E VARIAÇÕES NA PERCEPÇÃO DO SUPORTE ORGANIZACIONAL E GESTÃO DO CONHECIMENTO EM TRABALHADORES DE ORGANIZAÇÕES PÚBLICAS E PRIVADAS EM NATAL-RN
Authors: Franco Juliana Bianca Maia , Soares Formiga Nilton , Grangeiro Sarah Ruth Araújo , Oliveira Heitor César Costa , Estevam Ionara Dantas
Published: May 2021

Os estudos na área organizacional e do trabalho, são abordados a luz do discurso da globalização e o processo no mundo do trabalho e o quanto as mudanças ocorridas neste contexto tem influenciado no comportamento do trabalhador. Estas condições não estão limitadas ao contexto geográfico e político, mas, tem revelado interesse por parte dos pesquisadores em estudos sobre os efeitos que essas mudanças podem gerar no binômio trabalhador-organização e desenvolvimento de estratégias para se manterem competitivas. Este artigo tem como objetivo verificar a influência do suporte organizacional sobre a gestão do conhecimento. Participaram do estudo, 208 trabalhadores, homens e mulheres, acima de 18 anos, de organizações públicas e privadas na cidade de Natal-RN, os quais, responderam um questionário sociodemográfico, a escala de suporte organizacional e gestão do conhecimento. Além da identificação de que as escalas são fidedignas, observou-se que o suporte organizacional se relacionou positivamente, seja em sua pontuação total dos escores entre os construtos, seja na especificidade dos fatores da gestão do conhecimento; numa análise de variância, destaca-se que os sujeitos que tiveram escores mais alto no suporte organizacional, pontuaram, também, mais alto na gestão do conhecimento. Com isso, os resultados desta dissertação não apenas foram confirmados, mas, também, têm sua importância não apenas para refletir práticas para o ser humano (RH), mas também de política organizacional de produtividade e qualidade de vida do trabalhador em seu ambiente laboral.
ГИДРАВЛИЧЕСКОЕ ИСПЫТАНИЕ СОЕДИНЕНИЯ ТРУБА-ТРУБНАЯ РЕШЕТКА
Authors: Боранбаев Ерден Еркинович , Боранбаева Багдат Мекетаевна
Published: May 2021

Рассмотрены классические методы проведения гидравлических испытаний соединения труба-трубная решетка. Выявлены и рассмотрены достоинства и недостатки этих методов. Предложены способы ускоренных испытаний плотности и прочности, позволяющих прогнозировать работу новых неразъёмных соединений при их эксплуатации. Проведение гидравлических испытаний – это необходимая мера, позволяющая судить о качестве и надежности работы оборудования в дальнейшем для принятия соответствующих мер. В процессе проверки оборудование тестируется на прочность проверочным давлением, которое обычно устанавливается больше рабочего на 15–20 %. Проверочное давление рассчитывается отдельно и используется при проверке как после изготовления, так и во время регулярных плановых проверок. Таким образом проверяется надежность соединения труба-трубная решетка, а также расширение труб под воздействием давления.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ РОВНОСТИ ДОРОЖНЫХ ПОКРЫТИЙ
Authors: Буртыль Юрий Валерьевич
Published: May 2021

В статье рассматриваются вопросы прогнозирования формирования необратимых деформаций дорожных одежд, как с учетом известных теоретических моделей, так и на основании предложенной автором аппроксимированной модели изменения ровности покрытий дорог во времени.
РЕАКЦИЯ УПРУГОГО ПОЛУПРОСТРАНСТВА НА ДВИЖУЩУЮСЯ ПО ПОВЕРХНОСТИ ПОЛОСТИ ПЕРИОДИЧЕСКУЮ НАГРУЗКУ
Authors: Котова Мария Иннокентьевна , Украинец Виталий Николаевич , Ибраева Елена Муратовна
Published: May 2021

Исследуется модельная для тоннеля мелкого заложения задача о действии на упругое полупространство периодической нагрузки, равномерно движущейся по поверхности круговой цилиндрической полости с различными дозвуковыми скоростями. Движение полупространства описывается динамическими уравнениями теории упругости в подвижной системе координат, для решения которых предложен метод неполного разделения переменных. Показано, что во избежание обрушения кровли тоннеля мелкого заложения, а также воздействия поверхностных Рэлеевских волн на наземные строительные сооружения и возможности возникновения в последних резонансных колебаний, скоростной режим транспортируемых по тоннелю объектов должен быть ниже Рэлеевской скорости.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE PROCESS OF PREPARING MOTOR FUELS AT REFINERIES
Authors: Seitenova Gaini Zhumagalievna , Dusova Rizagul Muslimovna , Kabylkaiyr Dauren Nurlanovich , Grebenkin Vladislav Viktorovich , Bolsunovskaya Lyudmila Mikhailovna
Published: May 2021

One of the key tasks of modern oil refining in Kazakhstan is the production of commercial oil products that meet international environmental standards K-4, K-5. Undoubtedly, this is facilitated by the modernization of primary and secondary production facilities of refineries, which allows you to expand the range of commercial products and improve their quality. The compounding process plays an equally important role in the formation of quantitative and qualitative indicators of commercial gasoline.The article considers the main mathematical models for calculating the preparation of commercial gasoline, the main purpose of which is to select a recipe that ensures compliance of petroleum products with GOST requirements. the basis is a mathematical model for calculating the detonation resistance of gasoline, taking into account the intermolecular interactions of the mixture components. Currently, the modeling of mathematical models of various oil refining processes is of particular relevance, since this allows reducing the cost of the experimental part, calculate all possible scenarios and make the most appropriate choice.
STUDY ENVIRONMENT AS A LEGAL CATEGORY
Authors: Neifachas Sergejus , Rudanov Andrej
Published: May 2021

This article was prompted by the disputes often arising in Lithuanian public discourse and concerning the change in the study environment in higher education, the limits of the interpretation of study environment as a legal category, and a certain vacuum in the legal philosophy of the educational system, which prevents proper development of the authentic science of education law. Writing about the study environment means writing about higher education, the law, and the perception of the law, while writing about the interpretation of the study environment should start with the theories of concept interpretation. We will there-fore see that the interpretation of study and environment as legal concepts will undoubtedly link the science of law to hermeneutics, education science, politics, and philosophy. Exami-nation of the study environment as a legal category in the legal discourse about Lithuanian higher education is very poorly developed. This is how the idea for this article came about: to present the perception of the study environment as a legal category through the examina-tion of interdisciplinary public (education) policy and legal research. The article aims to dis-cuss the concept of study environment and its content, to define aspects of the formation (content contexts) of the study environment as a legal category by highlighting methodolog-ical positions, and to explain the legal norms that establish the study environment as a legal category.
Key words: study environment, legal category, legal idea, legal norm, legal relationship in the study environment, limits of legal regulations.
GYMNASIUM ON THE OUTSKIRTS OF LITHUANIA
Authors: Stankutė Judita
Published: May 2021

Judita Stankutė, a member of the editorial board of the journal, talks to Gražina SKARIENE, the director of Skuodas Pranciškus Žadeikis Gymnasium. It is a great gymnasium on the outskirts of Lithuania, as they say, "on the verge".