bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A operação urbana Butantã – Vila Sônia e a (re) produção do espaço urbano em São Paulo: estratégias e conflitos
Authors: Fioravanti Lívia Maschio
Published: December 2014

O objetivo principal deste artigo é entender algumas das lógicas e dos interesses que permeiam a elaboração e a execução da Operação Urbana Consorciada Butantã Vila – Sônia (OUCBVS), na região oeste da metrópole de São Paulo. Serão detalhadas as reivindicações e as dificuldades de acesso às informações sobre os projetos urbanísticos enfrentadas pelos diferentes grupos de moradores da área abrangida pela Operação. Considerando a segregação espacial nos bairros do Butantã e Vila Sônia, analisamos três lugares, caracterizados, predominantemente, por população de baixo, médio e alto poder aquisitivo. Buscamos articular os desejos e os caminhos que vêm sendo percorridos por parcelas da sociedade desses diferentes lugares com os interesses econômicos nos quais se inserem os grandes projetos de requalificações urbanas, como as Operações Urbanas.
Projeção do Brasil no Atlântico Sul: geopolítica e estratégia
Authors: Costa Wanderley Messias da
Published: December 2014

O alargamento do entorno regional e estratégico do Brasil corresponde à nova escala de interesses, oportunidades e influência de um país que se consolida enquanto potência econômica no cenário internacional e que tem feito do domínio e da exploração dos recursos do mar uma das suas mais promissoras fontes de riqueza. A inflexão nos rumos do desenvolvimento do país na direção do Atlântico Sul nos últimos 30 anos expressa a conjugação de vetores de largo espectro e longa duração. Essa conquista vem sendo processada pela aplicação bem sucedida de estratégia que combina ações contínuas no campo diplomático, esforço nacional de pesquisa na ampla área das ciências do mar e investimentos que visam fortalecer a capacidade militar do país para fazer frente aos seus desafios de Segurança & Defesa em geral e no Atlântico Sul em particular.
Deglaciation of southern Quebec
Authors: Gadd N R , McDonald B C , Shilts W W
Published: December 2014

A compilation of morainic features, eskers, glacial striations, and radiocarbon dates relating to final deglaciation is presented for the Appalachian Mountains and St. Lawrence Lowlands areas of southern Quebec. The data have been obtained largely by Geological
Survey of Canada mapping since 1950. An active ice-front retreated northward and northwestward down the topographic gradient in the Appalachian region and deposited a series of discontinuous moraines, largely composed of ice-contact stratified drift, in the glacial lakes at the ice-front. The
Highland Front moraine system was deposited along the northwest flank of the Appalachians about 12, 500 B. P. Deglaciation may have begun near the Quebec-Maine border as early as 14,900 B. P. and, except for an area near Thetford Mines where active out­flow persisted for a time, the Appalachian
region was ice free by 12,000 B. P. when the Champlain Sea flooded the St. Lawrence Lowlands. Retreat north­westward across the lowlands continued, and the St. Narcisse Moraine was deposited between 11,100 and 11, 600 B. P. as the ice front stood in the sea. The Champlain Sea episode ended gradually
in the lowlands about 9, 500 B. P. by which time the level of the freshening water body had fallen below 300 feet a. s.1.
Characterizing Distinguished Pairs by Using Liftings of Irreducible Polynomials
Authors: Aghigh Kamal , Nikseresht Azadeh
Published: December 2014

Let v be a henselian valuation of any rank of a field K and let be the unique extension of v to a fixed algebraic closure of K. In 2005, we studied properties of those pairs (θ,α) of elements of with where α is an element of smallest degree over K such that

Such pairs are referred to as distinguished pairs. We use the concept of liftings of irreducible polynomials to give a different characterization of distinguished pairs.
A wireless sensor network for monitoring volcano-seismic signals
Authors: Lopes Pereira R. , Trindade J. , Gonçalves F. , Suresh L. , Barbosa D. , Vazão T.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Monitoring of volcanic activity is important for learning about the properties of each volcano and for providing early warning systems to the population. Monitoring equipment can be expensive, and thus the degree of monitoring varies from volcano to volcano and from country to country, with many volcanoes not being monitored at all. This paper describes the development of a wireless sensor network (WSN) capable of collecting geophysical measurements on remote active volcanoes. Our main goals were to create a flexible, easy-to-deploy and easy-to-maintain, adaptable, low-cost WSN for temporary or permanent monitoring of seismic tremor. The WSN enables the easy installation of a sensor array in an area of tens of thousands of m2, allowing the location of the magma movements causing the seismic tremor to be calculated. This WSN can be used by recording data locally for later analysis or by continuously transmitting it in real time to a remote laboratory for real-time analyses. We present a set of tests that validate different aspects of our WSN, including a deployment on a suspended bridge for measuring its vibration.
Corporations are People Too
Authors: White Robert
Published: December 2014

This article applies Ayn Rand's insights in metaphysics and epistemology to the question What is a corporation? Historically, there have been three main answers: the fictional entity theory, the aggregate theory, and the real entity theory. Drawing principally upon Rand's discussion of the nature of entities in her epistemology workshops, this article proposes a fourth possibility. The preceding theories assume that if a corporation is an entity it must exist as a separate entity. The theory defended in this article challenges this assumption, and considers the implications for the moral and political status of corporations.
A Latter-Day Jacobin with a Lot of Data
Authors: Gissurarson Hannes H.
Published: December 2014

Piketty underestimates the disposable income of the poor, while he overestimates the corresponding income of the rich, for systemic reasons. Recently, global income inequality has gone down. Piketty's belief that in the long run the rate of return for capital will surpass economic growth is not plausible. Capital tends to disperse, and the creative powers of capitalism, leading to economic growth, should not be underestimated. Piketty is worried about the superrich, but he should rather be worried about the increased power of government. What will happen if the rich cease to create wealth, as described in Atlas Shrugged?
Protective and pathological roles of tissue factor in the heart
Authors: Bode M. F. , Mackman N.
Published: December 2014

Tissue factor (TF) is expressed in the heart where it is required for haemostasis. High levels of TF are also expressed in atherosclerotic plaques and likely contribute to atherothrombosis after plaque rupture. Indeed, risk factors for atherothrombosis, such as diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, smoking and hypertension, are associated with increased TF expression in circulating monocytes, microparticles and plasma. Several therapies that reduce atherothrombosis, such as statins, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers and anti-platelet drugs, are associated with reduced TF expression. In addition to its haemostatic and pro-thrombotic functions, the TF : FVIIa complex and downstream coagulation proteases activate cells by cleavage of protease-activated receptors (PARs). In mice, deficiencies in either PAR-1 or PAR-2 reduce cardiac remodelling and heart failure after ischaemia-reperfusion injury. This suggests that inhibition of coagulation proteases and PARs may be protective in heart attack patients. In contrast, the TF/thrombin/ PAR-1 pathway is beneficial in a mouse model of Coxsackievirus B3-induced viral myocarditis. We found that stimulation of PAR-1 increases the innate immune response by enhancing TLR3-dependent IFN-_ expression. Therefore, inhibition of the TF/thrombin/PAR-1 pathway in patients with viral myocarditis could have detrimental effects. Conclusion: The TF : FVIIa complex has both protective and pathological roles in the heart.
Legal Assistance and Police Interrogation
Authors: Mevis Paul , Verbaan Joost
Published: December 2014

Legal Assistance and Police Interrogation

This paper discusses the rise of a fundamental issue in Dutch criminal proceedings. The presence of a lawyer prior to and during police interrogations has for a long time been a matter open for debate in the Netherlands. Allowing legal assistance during and prior to police interrogations has been researched on several occasions in the previous century and the beginning of this century. In the Netherlands, one of the most important reasons for not admitting legal assistance was and is founded in the confident reliance on the professionalism and integrity of police officers and justice officials in dealing with the interests of suspects. However, after the Salduz case (ECHR 27 November 2008, Appl. No. 36391/02, Salduz v. Turkey), the Dutch government was compelled to draft legal provisions in order to facilitate legal assistance during and prior to police interrogations. The initial drafts still contained a hesitant approach on admitting the lawyer to the actual interrogation. The EU-Directive of November 2013 (Pb EU 2013, L249) set out further reaching standards compelling the Dutch government to create new drafts. In a ruling of April 2014, the Dutch Supreme Court (ECLI:NL:2014:770) argued that the judgements of the ECtHR were too casuistic to derive an absolute right to have a lawyer present during police interrogation. However, they urged the legislator to draft legislation on this matter and warned that its judgement in this could be altered in future caused by legal developments. The Dutch legislator already proposed new draft legislation in February. In this paper it is examined whether the provisions of the new drafts meet the standards as set out in the EU-Directive as well as by the ECtHR.
Samenlevingsovereenkomsten in de notariële praktijk
Authors: Kuik Petra , Schrama Wendy , Verstappen Leon
Published: December 2014

Samenlevingsovereenkomsten in de notariële praktijk

In deze bijdrage worden de resultaten van een empirisch onderzoek dat in 2013 is verricht naar de inhoud van gemaakte samenlevingsovereenkomsten gepresenteerd. De beroepsgroep die zich met het maken van samenlevingsovereenkomsten bezig houdt - het notariaat - is bevraagd over deze praktijk aan de hand van een digitale vragenlijst. Daarmee is het qua opzet een verkennend onderzoek, dat een eerste beeld geeft van de notariële praktijk. In deze bijdrage worden de resultaten van een empirisch onderzoek dat in 2013 is verricht naar de inhoud van gemaakte samenlevingsovereenkomsten gepresenteerd. De beroepsgroep die zich met het maken van samenlevingsovereenkomsten bezig houdt - het notariaat - is bevraagd over deze praktijk aan de hand van een digitale vragenlijst. Daarmee is het qua opzet een verkennend onderzoek, dat een eerste beeld geeft van de notariële praktijk. De inhoud van de doorsnee samenlevingsovereenkomst verschilt aanzienlijk van die van huwelijkse voorwaarden. Bedingen waaruit vermogensrechtelijke solidariteit tussen ongehuwd samenwonenden blijkt (inkomens- of vermogensverrekening of alimentatiebedingen), komen slechts zeer beperkt voor in samenlevingsovereenkomsten, terwijl die juist in huwelijkse voorwaarden zeer frequent voorkomen. Ook op andere onderdelen verschaft dit onderzoek interessante bevindingen. Nader onderzoek is gewenst om meer inzicht te krijgen in de praktijk van het maken van samenlevingsovereenkomsten.
---
In this paper, the authors present an empirical research on the content of cohabitation contracts in the Netherlands, conducted in 2013. The legal professionals who mostly deal with cohabitation contracts - the notaries - have been asked to fill in a digital questionnaire. The format of this research is exploratory, painting a first picture of legal practice on making cohabitation contracts. The content of the average cohabitation contract differs very much compared to the content of the average marriage contract. Clauses that express solidarity between cohabitants (sharing income or property values or maintenance) are rare in cohabitation contracts, whereas they are rather popular in matrimonial property contracts. Further research is necessary to gain more insight into the legal practice of making cohabitation contracts.
Ciencia, Teoría Social y Cuerpo en el Giro Afectivo: Esferas de Articulación
Authors: Lara Ali , Enciso Giazú
Published: December 2014

El llamado ‘Giro Afectivo’ ha generado articulaciones entre ciertos aportes de las ciencias sociales y las humanidades —a los que aquí llamaremos «teoría(s) social(es)»— y algunas expresiones de las ciencias naturales o duras, —a las que aquí llamaremos «ciencia(s)»—. El argumento de este artículo es que dichos re-encuentros entre «ciencia» y «teoría social» ocurren de tres formas distintas en el marco de los estudios contemporáneos del afecto. Tres lógicas de engranaje diferentes a las que hemos nombrado ‘Esferas de Articulación’. Aquí sostendremos que cada una de ellas promueve una noción diferente sobre el cuerpo y que es esta noción particular la que las distingue y la que define las posibilidades de articulación para cada una de ellas. Las tres lógicas de articulación que dan nombre a nuestras esferas son: el Pliegue Cibernético, la Tecno-Ciencia y las Neurociencias. Explicaremos en qué consiste cada Esfera de Articulación e ilustraremos cada una con un estudio que despliegue su lógica. Además haremos algunas advertencias sobre posibles críticas en relación al reencuentro de la«ciencia» y la«teoría social», finalmente incorporaremos una serie de premoniciones para dicha relación al interior de los estudios del afecto.
The Cancer Genomics Resource List 2014
Authors: Zutter Mary M. , Bloom Kenneth J. , Cheng Liang , Hagemann Ian S. , Kaufman Jill H. , Krasinskas Alyssa M. , Lazar Alexander J. , Leonard Debra G. B. , Lindeman Neal I. , Moyer Ann M. , Nikiforova Marina N. , Nowak Jan A. , Pfeifer John D. , Sepulveda Antonia R. , Willis Joseph E. , Yohe Sophia L.
Published: December 2014

Context

Genomic sequencing for cancer is offered by commercial for-profit laboratories, independent laboratory networks, and laboratories in academic medical centers and integrated health networks. The variability among the tests has created a complex, confusing environment.

Objective

To address the complexity, the Personalized Health Care (PHC) Committee of the College of American Pathologists proposed the development of a cancer genomics resource list (CGRL). The goal of this resource was to assist the laboratory pathology and clinical oncology communities.

Design

The PHC Committee established a working group in 2012 to address this goal. The group consisted of site-specific experts in cancer genetic sequencing. The group identified current next-generation sequencing (NGS)–based cancer tests and compiled them into a usable resource. The genes were annotated by the working group. The annotation process drew on published knowledge, including public databases and the medical literature.

Results

The compiled list includes NGS panels offered by 19 laboratories or vendors, accompanied by annotations. The list has 611 different genes for which NGS-based mutation testing is offered. Surprisingly, of these 611 genes, 0 genes were listed in every panel, 43 genes were listed in 4 panels, and 54 genes were listed in 3 panels. In addition, tests for 393 genes were offered by only 1 or 2 institutions. Table 1 provides an example of gene mutations offered for breast cancer genomic testing with the annotation as it appears in the CGRL 2014.

Conclusions

The final product, referred to as the Cancer Genomics Resource List 2014, is available as supplemental digital content.
Reconsidering Subextraction: Evidence from Spanish
Authors: Bosque Ignacio , Gallego Ángel J.
Published: December 2014

This paper argues that so-called subextraction (e.g., Whoi has John seen a picture of ti ?; cf. Corver 2006 for recent discussion) does not involve movement of a wh-phrase to a DP internal escape hatch position before reaching the CP layer. Instead, we claim that apparently subextracted wh-phrases are actually direct dependents of the verb after a process of reanalysis (or readjustment; cf. Chomsky 1977, Kayne 2002) applies. Our proposal rethinks an old (Bach & Horn 1976) idea, reframes it in modern terms and argues against the cyclic status of DPs (cf. Bruening 2009, Leu 2008, Ott 2008, and references therein), by leaning on new evidence from Spanish. The non-cyclic status of DPs is a fairly standard idea ever since clausal properties were assumed to hold for nominal domains (cf. Chomsky 1970, Brame 1982, Abney 1987, and much subsequent literature).
Presumptive mood, factivity and epistemic indefinites in Romanian
Authors: Falaus Anamaria
Published: December 2014

This paper investigates the properties of the Romanian presumptive mood and the role it plays in the distribution of the epistemic indefinite vreun. We focus on the morphologically complex future-based paradigm, which includes forms based on the literary and colloquial variants of the future auxiliary. The colloquial forms are shown to have lost the ability to express purely temporal meanings, being used exclusively with modal-evidential readings. We further argue that the future-based presumptive is closely related to epistemic modals, with which it shares the ability to express indirect inferential evidentiality. We capitalize on their contrasting behavior in factive settings to explain the interaction with the epistemic determiner vreun. Specifically, we argue that the key property that makes the (colloquial) future-based presumptive a suitable licensor for the vreun is its incompatibility with contexts where the modalized proposition is established to hold.
Fishing Practices of the Community Folks and Sea Productivity in San Jose, Antique, Philippines
Authors: ALIMEN ROLANDO A. , ALIMEN MA. CECILIA D. , ORTIZO CICERO D. , BAYNOSA RONALD S. , CORPES VICENTE O.
Published: December 2014

Many fisher folks all over the world still use traditional, relatively low-tech approachesto catch fish. This is because fishing is largely for subsistence and consumptionpurposes. The town of San Jose is a 3rd class municipality in the Province ofAntique, Philippines. According to census, it has a population of 48,261 and 9,639households. It used to be known as San Jose de Buenavista. It is the capital municipalityof Antique. The source of livelihood still remains to be primarily derived fromfishing. This study therefore determined the fishing practices of the fisher folks inSan Jose Antique in relation to sea productivity. The study answered the followingquestions: 1) Is there enough supply of fish in the coastal waters of San Jose Antique?2) What are the techniques used to catch fish? 3) Is there any incidence of illegal fishcatching in the area? and 4)Does the government provide fish catching educationand fish advocacy along this area? This study is a field research or fieldwork. Thus,the researchers did a collection of information outside the workplace setting. Interviewswere conducted to gather and provide data that will address the questions. Resultsshowed that fisher folks in the coastal areas of San Jose Antique can still catchenough supply of fish. They opt to catch fish through the use of spears (pamana),nets, and hooks (taga). Moreover, fisher folks have used commercial fishing boatswith advanced gears for locating fish. Data on the incidence of illegal fishing andthe role of the government to provide fish catching education and advocacy in thearea through memoranda, and barangay campaigns through meetings of barangayofficials were also noted.Keywords: Fishing, fisher folks, fishing practices, field work, interview, sea productivity,San Jose, Antique, Philippines
Mapping Replication Origin Sequences in Eukaryotic Chromosomes
Authors: Fu Haiqing , Besnard Emilie , Desprat Romain , Ryan Michael , Kahli Malik , Lemaitre Jean‐Marc , Aladjem Mirit I.
Published: December 2014

Recent advances in genome‐sequencing technology have led to the complete mapping of DNA replication initiation sites in the human genome. This thorough origin mapping facilitates understanding of the relationship between replication initiation events, transcription, and chromatin modifications, and allows the characterization of consensus sequences of potential replication origins. This unit provides a detailed protocol for isolation and sequence analysis of nascent DNA strands. Two variations of the protocol based on non‐overlapping assumptions are described below, addressing potential bias issues for whole‐genome analyses. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ionosphere data assimilation capabilities for representing the high‐latitude geomagnetic storm event in September 2011
Authors: Solomentsev Dmitry , Jacobsen Knut Stanley , Khattatov Boris , Khattatov Vyacheslav , Cherniak Yakov , Titov Anton
Published: December 2014

Severe geomagnetic storms have a strong impact on space communication and satellite navigation systems. Forecasting the appearance of geomagnetically induced disturbances in the ionosphere is one of the urgent goals of the space weather community. The challenge is that the processes governing the distribution of the crucial ionospheric parameters have a rather poor quantitative description, and the models, built using the empirical parameterizations, have limited capabilities for operational purposes. On the other hand, data assimilation techniques are becoming more and more popular for nowcasting the state of the large‐scale geophysical systems. We present an example of an ionospheric data assimilation system performance assessment during a strong geomagnetic event, which took place on 26 September 2011. The first‐principle model has assimilated slant total electron content measurements from a dense network of ground stations, provided by the Norwegian Mapping Authority. The results have shown satisfactory agreement with independent data and demonstrate that the assimilation model is accurate to about 2–4 total electron content units and can be used for operational purposes in high‐latitude regions. The operational system performance assessment is the subject of future work.
Thermal, morphology, and mechanical properties of polyphenylene sulfide/polyether sulfone binary blends
Authors: Li Dandan , Qian Guangtao , Liu Changwei , Wang Daming , Chen Chunhai , Zhao Xiaogang
Published: December 2014

Blends of polyether sulfone (PES) and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) with different weight ratios (10/0, 8/2, 6/4, 4/6, 2/8, 0/10) were prepared by melt extrusion using a twin‐screw extruder. In this work, the thermal stabilities of blends were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis and the dynamic mechanical properties were investigated by means of dynamic mechanical analysis. The fracture surfaces were observed with a scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the mechanical property tests were also carried out and the impact strength of blends was improved by 110% compared to that of pure PPS. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41703.
Finite Elemente Analyse von Stahlbetonplatten
Authors: Thoma Karel , Roos Patrick , Borkowski Gregor
Published: December 2014

Die Berechnung des Last‐Verformungs‐Verhaltens von Stahlbetonplatten unter Berücksichtigung der materialbedingten Nichtlinearitäten ist aufwendig und komplex. Im Rahmen dieses Fachaufsatzes werden großmaßstäbliche Plattenversuche nachgerechnet, wobei die zugrunde gelegte Werkstoffbeziehung für Stahlbeton auf dem Gerissenen Scheibenmodell [2] in Kombination mit dem Schichtenmodell nach [4] basiert. Die Werkstoffbeziehung wurde als Usermat in ANSYS MECHANICAL APDL [5] implementiert. Neben dem Vergleich der berechneten und gemessenen Last‐Verformungs‐Verhalten der Plattenversuche sind auch die berechneten und gemessenen Verzerrungen, der Kraftfluss und das Rissbild an einem ausgewählten Plattenversuch gegenübergestellt. Um die Qualität der Nachrechnungen beurteilen zu können, wurden die Versuche zusätzlich mit zwei kommerziellen Finite‐Elemente‐Programmen SOFISTIK [14] und ABAQUS [15] nachgerechnet. Zudem wird der Einfluss der Idealisierung der Spannungs‐Dehnungs‐Beziehung für Betonstahl auf das Last‐Verformungs‐Verhalten der Platten an einem Beispiel diskutiert. Es wird gezeigt, dass insbesondere das berechnete Verformungsvermögen der Platten stark von der Idealisierung der Werkstoffbeziehungen abhängt.

Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Slabs – Post‐test calculations of plate tests using the cracked membrane model

The calculation of the load‐deformation behaviour of reinforced concrete slabs, under consideration of the non‐linear material behaviour, is an involved and complex process. In this paper post‐test calculations of large‐scale plate tests are carried out. The utilised constitutive law for reinforced concrete is based on the combination of the cracked membrane model [2] and the layer model according to [4]. The constitutive law was implemented as Usermat in ANSYS MECHANICAL APDL. Comparisons of the calculated and measured load‐deformation curves of the plate tests are carried out. The calculated and measured load‐deformation curves of the plate tests are compared. Further, for a selected plate test, comparisons are carried out for the calculated and experimentally determined strains, the flow of force and the crack pattern. To assess the quality of the post‐test calculations, the test results were also verified with the two commercially available finite element programs SOFISTIK [14] and ABAQUS [15]. Furthermore, a selected plate test is used to discuss the influence of the idealisation of the reinforcement steel stress‐strain relationship on the load‐deformation behaviour of the plates. It is shown that the calculated deformation capacity of the slabs is strongly dependent on the chosen idealisation of the constitutive law.
Learning from the QUEST multicentre feasibility randomization trials in breast reconstruction after mastectomy
Authors: Winters Z E , Emson M , Griffin C , Mills J , Hopwood P , Bidad N , MacDonald L , Turton E P L , Horne R , Bliss J M , Barr L , Poynter E , Bahl A , Beresford M , Nicklin J , Hurley K , Rayter Z , Winters Z , Bhaskar P , Kanarek J , Benson J , Benyon S , Drew P , Green M , Hadjiminas D , Al Mufti R , McIntosh S , Hill N , Munot K , Strider P , Campos M , Frazer J , Pereira J , Flores K , Rogers C , Serra P , Mann L , Sharma N , Bottomley J , Skene A , Iskender A , Turton P , Hartup S , Nicholson J , Fairbrother P , MacKenzie M , Bliss J , Emson M , Griffin C , Mills J , Kilburn L , Hitchins J , Kapari M
Published: December 2014

Background

Breast reconstruction aims to improve health-related quality of life after mastectomy. However, evidence guiding patients and surgeons in shared decision-making concerning the optimal type or timing of surgery is lacking.

Methods

QUEST comprised two parallel feasibility phase III randomized multicentre trials to assess the impact of the type and timing of latissimus dorsi breast reconstruction on health-related quality of life when postmastectomy radiotherapy is unlikely (QUEST A) or highly probable (QUEST B). The primary endpoint for the feasibility phase was the proportion of women who accepted randomization, and it would be considered feasible if patient acceptability rates exceeded 25 per cent of women approached. A companion QUEST Perspectives Study (QPS) of patients (both accepting and declining trial participation) and healthcare professionals assessed trial acceptability.

Results

The QUEST trials opened in 15 UK centres. After 18 months of recruitment, 17 patients were randomized to QUEST A and eight to QUEST B, with overall acceptance rates of 19 per cent (17 of 88) and 22 per cent (8 of 36) respectively. The QPS recruited 56 patients and 51 healthcare professionals. Patient preference was the predominant reason for declining trial entry, given by 47 (53 per cent) of the 88 patients approached for QUEST A and 22 (61 per cent) of the 36 approached for QUEST B. Both trials closed to recruitment in December 2012, acknowledging the challenges of achieving satisfactory patient accrual.

Conclusion

Despite extensive efforts to overcome recruitment barriers, it was not feasible to reach timely recruitment targets within a feasibility study. Patient preferences for breast reconstruction types and timings were common, rendering patients unwilling to enter the trial.
Synthesis, Anticonvulsant Activity and Metabolism of 4‐chlor‐3‐methylphenoxyethylamine Derivatives of Trans‐2‐aminocyclohexan‐1‐ol
Authors: Kubowicz Paulina , Marona Henryk , Pękala Elżbieta
Published: December 2014

In this study, we report the synthesis, spectral characterization, antiepileptic activity and biotransformation of three new, chiral, N‐aminoalkyl derivatives of trans – 2 aminocyclohexan‐1‐ol: 1 (R enantiomer), 2 (S enantiomer) and 3 (racemate). Antiepileptic activity of the titled compounds was studied using MES and scMet. Moreover, in this study, the biotransformation of 1, 2 and 3 in microbial model (Cunninghamella), liver microsomal assay as well as in silico studies (MetaSite) was evaluated.

Studies have indicated that 1, 2 and 3 have good antiepileptic activity in vivo, comparable to valproate. Biotransformation assays showed that the most probable metabolite (indicated in every tested assays) was M1. The microbial model as well as in silico study showed no difference in biotransformation between tested enantiomers. However, in a rat liver microsomal study compound 1 and 2 (R and S enantiomer) had different main metabolite – M2 for 1 and M1 for 2. MS/MS fragmentation allowed us to predict the structures of obtained metabolites, which were in agreement with 1°alcohol (M1) and carboxylic acid (M2).

Our research has shown that microbial model, microsomal assay, and computational methods can be included as useful and reliable tools in early ADME‐Tox assays in the process of developing new drug candidates. Chirality 27:163–169, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two Order Books are Better than One? Trading at Settlement (TAS) in VIX Futures
Authors: Huskaj Bujar , Nordén Lars L.
Published: December 2014

We examine the effects from the Trading At Settlement (TAS) introduction on VIX futures market quality. We find that the VIX futures market exhibits higher trading activity and better liquidity after the TAS introduction. VIX futures traders use the TAS limit order book to execute large transactions, and TAS helps limit order traders from being picked off by informed traders when the VIX futures price volatility is high. The TAS introduction has created a highly liquid, low‐cost, trading venue. Although the TAS introduction fragments VIX futures trading into two order books, liquidity in the regular order book is not hurt. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Futures Markets published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 35:506–521, 2015
Variably saturated groundwater modelling for optimizing managed aquifer recharge using trench infiltration
Authors: Heilweil Victor M. , Benoit Jerome , Healy Richard W.
Published: December 2014

Spreading‐basin methods have resulted in more than 130 million cubic metres of recharge to the unconfined Navajo Sandstone of southern Utah in the past decade, but infiltration rates have slowed in recent years because of reduced hydraulic gradients and (or) clogging. Trench infiltration is a promising alternative technique for increasing recharge and minimizing evaporation. This paper uses a variably saturated flow model to further investigate the relative importance of the following variables on rates of trench infiltration to unconfined aquifers: saturated hydraulic conductivity, trench spacing and dimensions, initial water‐table depth, alternate wet/dry periods, and number of parallel trenches. Modelling results showed (1) increased infiltration with higher hydraulic conductivity, deeper initial water tables, and larger spacing between parallel trenches, (2) deeper or wider trenches do not substantially increase infiltration, (3) alternating wet/dry periods result in less overall infiltration than keeping the trenches continuously full, and (4) larger numbers of parallel trenches within a fixed area increases infiltration but with a diminishing effect as trench spacing becomes tighter. An empirical equation for estimating expected trench infiltration rates as a function of hydraulic conductivity and initial water‐table depth was derived and can be used for evaluating feasibility of trench infiltration in other hydrogeologic settings. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparing Site Supervisors of Counselor Education Students
Authors: Bjornestad Andrea , Johnson Veronica , Hittner Jo , Paulson Kristine
Published: December 2014

Counselor educators maintain a responsibility for providing site supervisors with professional development opportunities (Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs. ). The goal of this study was to evaluate a model for providing preparation to site supervisors. Significant differences were observed from pretest to posttest on the Supervisory Self‐Efficacy Scale (Johnson & Stewart, ).
Interactions of the hepatitis C virus protease inhibitor faldaprevir with cytochrome P450 enzymes: In vitro and in vivo correlation
Authors: Sabo John P. , Kort Jens , Ballow Charles , Kashuba Angela D.M. , Haschke Manuel , Battegay Manuel , Girlich Birgit , Ting Naitee , Lang Benjamin , Zhang Wei , Cooper Curtis , O'Brien Drané , Seibert Eleanore , Chan Tom S. , Tweedie Donald , Li Yongmei
Published: December 2014

The potential inhibition of the major human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes by faldaprevir was evaluated both in vitro and in clinical studies (healthy volunteers and hepatitis C virus [HCV] genotype 1‐infected patients). In vitro studies indicated that faldaprevir inhibited CYP2B6, CYP2C9, and CYP3A, and was a weak‐to‐moderate inactivator of CYP3A4. Faldaprevir 240 mg twice daily in healthy volunteers demonstrated moderate inhibition of hepatic and intestinal CYP3A (oral midazolam: 2.96‐fold increase in AUC0–24 h), weak inhibition of hepatic CYP3A (intravenous midazolam: 1.56‐fold increase in AUC0–24 h), weak inhibition of CYP2C9 ([S]‐warfarin: 1.29‐fold increase in AUC0–120 h), and had no relevant effects on CYP1A2, CYP2B6, or CYP2D6. Faldaprevir 120 mg once daily in HCV‐infected patients demonstrated weak inhibition of hepatic and intestinal CYP3A (oral midazolam: 1.52‐fold increase in AUC0–∞), and had no relevant effects on CYP2C9 or CYP1A2. In vitro drug‐drug interaction predictions based on inhibitor concentration ([I])/inhibition constant (Ki) ratios tended to overestimate clinical effects and a net‐effect model provided a more accurate approach. These studies suggest that faldaprevir shows a dose‐dependent inhibition of CYP3A and CYP2C9, and does not induce CYP isoforms.
Automated detection and measurement of uterine peristalsis in cine MR images
Authors: Watanabe Koichi , Kataoka Masako , Yano Kojiro , Nishio Shuro , Umehana Masaki , Kido Aki , Togashi Kaori
Published: December 2014

Purpose

To evaluate the ability of automated software to quantify uterine peristalsis on cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials and Methods

At 1.5T, half‐Fourier acquisition single‐shot turbo spin echo (HASTE) techniques were used to obtain 60 serial images over 3 minutes (TR/TE 3000/80 msec) in a midsagittal plane of the uterus. Thirty‐two cine MR datasets, obtained from 16 healthy females, were analyzed. Uterine peristalsis was defined as the traveling waves of decreasing signal intensity on the endometrium‐junctional zone border. The software detected traveling waves by identifying the neighboring areas showing similar patterns of signal intensity decrease in a different timing. Quantification of uterine peristaltic wave using the fully automated software was compared to qualitative visual evaluation by two readers.

Results

The mean number (and standard deviation) of peristaltic waves detected by the fully automated software and visual evaluations (readers 1 and 2) were 5.4 (3.0), 4.7 (3.1), and 4.5 (3.1) per 3 minutes, respectively. Quantification by fully automated software demonstrated excellent agreement with repeated measurement (weighted kappa 0.99) and with qualitative visual evaluations (range 0.89–0.95), comparable to interreader agreement by visual evaluations (range 0.89–0.93).

Conclusion

The fully automated software can be used to quantify uterine peristalsis comparable to visual evaluation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:644–650.
Navier–Stokes equations with regularity in one directional derivative of the pressure
Authors: Zhang Zujin
Published: December 2014

This paper concerns the 3D Navier‐Stokes equations and prove an almost Serrin‐type regularity criterion in terms of one directional derivative of the pressure. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SAXS and WAXD study of periodical structure for polyacrylonitrile fiber during coagulation
Authors: Wang Mengfan , Xiao Yingge , Cao Weiyu , Jiao Na , Chen Wang , Xu Lianghua
Published: December 2014

Small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) were adopted to investigate the formation and development of high order structure within polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursor during coagulation. The scattering signal came from the microvoids and long period structure was separated reasonably by the analog computation method of decomposition of the one‐dimensional profile. Based on the established methodology, the statistic parameters of long period structure, such as length of the long period structure, crystalline region and amorphous region, were obtained by the analysis of correlation function. The results indicated that during the coagulation, the length of long period of the nascent coagulated fiber was 56.1 nm (meridional direction) and 35.6 nm (equatorial direction), respectively. The evolution of the long period during the coagulation was also discussed by combining WAXD data. With the processing of coagulation, the long period was decreased since the crystallinity increased. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do the Effects of Adolescent Employment Differ by Employment Intensity and Neighborhood Context?
Authors: Kingston Sharon , Rose Amy
Published: December 2014

Research on the effects of adolescent employment on primarily middle‐class youth suggests that intense employment, working more than 15 or 20 hours during the school year, is associated with increased participation in risky behavior. Despite these findings, scholars who focus on the development of youth living in low‐income urban areas often hypothesize that adolescent employment will have beneficial effects on this population. There is some evidence that adolescent employment is associated with increased educational achievement and adult employment for low‐income urban youth. The impact of adolescent employment on future engagement in risky behavior across levels of neighborhood deprivation and employment intensity was investigated on a sample of 1,057 adolescents from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, a longitudinal study of neighborhood effects on development. After controlling for individual characteristics, intense employment during adolescence did predict increased use of cigarettes and alcohol and having a greater number of sexual partners 2 years after employment was measured. There were no significant interactions between neighborhood SES and adolescent employment status on involvement in risky behavior. These findings suggest that intense adolescent employment is associated with detrimental developmental outcomes for youth regardless neighborhood context.
Limited Intercarpal Fusion as a Salvage Procedure for Advanced Kienbock Disease
Authors: Iorio Matthew L. , Kennedy Colin D. , Huang Jerry I.
Published: December 2014

Background

With progressive lunate collapse, salvage procedures in advanced Kienbock disease attempt to provide pain relief and maintain motion. Scaphocapitate arthrodesis may provide a durable option with comparable outcomes to proximal row carpectomy in the well-selected patient.

Methods

We performed a retrospective chart review of all consecutive patients with Lichtman stage IIIA or IIIB Kienbock's disease who underwent either scaphocapitate or scaphotrapeziotrapezoid-capitate arthrodesis from January 2004 to December 2013.

Results

Twelve patients were included with a mean age of 41.6 years. Ten patients underwent scaphocapitate arthrodesis, while two patients underwent scaphotrapezio-trapezoid-capitate arthrodesis with an average clinical follow-up of 13.1 months. All patients achieved fusion. The average postoperative flexion-extension arc was 53° (range 20–110°). The average ulnar deviation was 9° (range 5–15°), and the average radial deviation was 13° (range 5–25°). Postoperative pain scores were significantly improved, having changed from an average of 6.6 preoperatively to 2.8 on a 10-point scale (W= 18, P<0.05).

Conclusions

Despite a mean flexion-extension arc that is reduced from that of a normal individual, the postoperative range of motion following a midcarpal arthrodesis was not significantly different than that reported in a recent systematic review of proximal row carpectomy (73.5° compared with 53°, respectively) ( P=0.05). Additionally, given the significant postoperative reduction in associated pain symptoms at the time of follow-up, scaphocapitate arthrodesis should be considered as a treatment option for wrist salvage in the patient with advanced Kienbock's disease.
Zytogenetische und molekularzytogenetische Methoden in der Pränataldiagnostik
Authors: Weise Anja , Mrasek Kristin , Liehr Thomas
Published: December 2014

Zytogenetische und ergänzende molekularzytogenetische Methoden sind nach wie vor die am häufigsten angewendeten Verfahren zur Abklärung möglicher genetischer Ursachen von pränatalen sonographischen Auffälligkeiten und/oder erhöhten Risikowerten basierend auf nichtinvasiven Voruntersuchungen. Ein Überblick über die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten der pränatalen Chromosomenanalyse wird in diesem Artikel gegeben.

Invasiv gewonnenes kindliches bzw. plazentares Material wird zur Darstellung der Chromosomen kultiviert, mit verschiedenen Bänderungstechniken angefärbt und kann anschließend für weiterführende molekularzytogenetische Methoden, z. B. bei bestimmten Indikationen oder auch parallel an Interphasekernen unkultivierter Zellen, verwendet werden. Eine Kombination aus zytogenetischen und molekularen Methoden erlaubt außerdem bei Abortuntersuchungen, auch bei nichtkultivierbaren Zellen, den Ausschluss bzw. Nachweis der häufigsten Ursachen für Frühaborte. Im Rahmen der humangenetischen Beratung erlaubt dies eine bessere Einschätzung eines Wiederholungsrisikos.
BRICS: Can a marriage of convenience last?
Authors: Králiková Katarína
Published: December 2014

The BRICS grouping (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) was born of a desire to create an alternative to the Western-dominated financial institutions and to secure for these countries a greater role in global affairs. This partnership is based on mutual interests and necessity rather than on shared values and ideals. High levels of social inequality, pervasive corruption, and challenges in education and the environment are common to all five countries. The New Development Bank, together with better coordination of joint action by the BRICS, has the potential to significantly reduce the scale of these problems and contribute to the long-term sustainability of these economies.
Noninvasive Prenatal Testing Using Cell-free DNA in Maternal Circulation
Authors: Benn Peter
Published: December 2014

Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is revolutionizing prenatal screening and diagnosis. Through the analysis of cell free DNA in maternal plasma, it is possible to screen for trisomies 21, 18, and 13, sex chromosome aneuploidies, triploidy and some microdeletion syndromes. For aneuploidies the sensitivity and specificity approaches, but does not meet, that of diagnostic testing. It is estimated that the positive predictive value for NIPT for the identification of trisomy 21 is approximately 90 % compared to 4–6 % for conventional prenatal screening tests. Depending on the NIPT technology used, discordancy between NIPT and the true fetal karyotype can be due to low fetal DNA concentration, presence of a maternal chromosome abnormality, undetected vanishing twin, or mosaicism (including apparent confined placental mosaicism). NIPT can be expanded to include additional cytogenetic abnormalities such as other small copy number variations and will be increasingly used for monogenic disorders. The testing poses a number of ethical challenges including potentially increased pregnancy termination rates for affected pregnancies, the detection of milder or late onset disorders, and identification of fetal sex. Developing nations such as India have very high rates of birth defects and advanced molecular genetic technologies such as NIPT are needed to help reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality. It is important that the implementation of the Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act that prohibits disclosure of fetal sex does not prevent access to this extraordinarily powerful new technology that offers substantial benefits to the Indian population.
A Unique Formulation of Piecewise Exact Method to Analyze a Nonlinear Spring System under Harmonic Excitation
Authors: Xie P.-S. , Shih P.-J.
Published: December 2014

This paper introduces a unique, efficient, and exact formulation for solving a single-degree-of-freedom system with nonlinear stiffness under a harmonic loading. This formulation is one kind of the piecewise exact method, and its benefit lies in providing the closed-form exact solution in each displacement segment. Since the exact solution is given in each segment, the continuity between two segments can be confirmed. Consequently, no instability errors affect the analysis. To determine the exact solutions in these segments, this research develops a technique that shifts the equilibrium points of the piecewise linear segments, which are discretized from a nonlinear stiffness curve, to new equilibrium points in order to satisfy the typical linear exact solution. Thus, positive- and negative-stiffness linear segments can be solved with this technique. This formulation saves roughly 60% of the calculation time (error < 10−10) as compared to the numerical approximation.
The MaPLE device: A linear machine for laboratory studies of the magnetized plasma physics phenomena
Authors: Biswas Subir , Chowdhury Satyajit , Pal Abhik M. , Bhattacharya Shashwat , Basu Subhasis , Chattopadhyay Monobir , Chakrabarti Nikhil , Pal Rabindranath
Published: December 2014

The Magnetized Plasma Linear Experimental (MaPLE) device is developed in the plasma physics laboratory of the Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics for studying basic plasma physics phenomena like waves, instabilities and their nonlinear behavior in magnetized plasma. Details description of the device and its plasma characteristics are presented. The machine provides flexibilities in terms of magnetic configuration and plasma sources. Recently, low frequency drift waves are excited in the weak density gradient region of electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) produced low density plasmas and their nonlinear coupling is studied. Results of this experiment and some more experiments done in the device are summarized. Reasoning behind a possible upgrade plan of the device for studying shear Alfven waves (SAW) and magnetic drift waves in future is also discussed.