bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of fermentation temperature and culture concentration on microbial and physicochemical properties of cow and goat milk yogurt
Authors: Aldaw Ibrahim Ibrahim , Naufalin Rifda , Erminawati  , Dwiyanti Hidayah
Published: December 2019

This present study aimed to assess the effect of fermentation temperature and culture concentration on LAB growth, physical and chemical properties of fermenting cow and goat milk. The International Official Analytical Chemistry Association (AOAC) and the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) methods were used to analyze the physical and chemical properties of yogurt. Yogurt was prepared using fermentation temperature (40, 43, 46°C), a combination of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus acidophilus strains. (1: 1), culture inoculation (5, 10, 15persent) and fermentation times (8 hours). The results showed that the cultures concentration and temperature have a significant effect on physicochemical properties, and viable amount of fermented milk samples. There were a significant difference (P< 0.05) between all yogurt samples in LAB growth, total solids, pH, viscosity, and there were no significant difference (P< 0.05 between, titeriatble acidity, color and density of all samples. The general results of this present study proved that the ideal state of fermentation of cow and goat milks fermentation were: fermentation 46°C, culture concentration 10, 15%, for 8h. Thus, the benefit from these results are developing physical and chemical properties and sensory characteristics of cow and goat milk yogurt.
Optimization of temperature and time of extraction of kecombrang stem and leaf (etlingera elatior) based on the quality of product bioactive components
Authors: Fatimah Farah , Christin Larasati Natalia , Wicaksono Rumpoko , Naufalin Rifda
Published: December 2019

Foodstuffs are perishable due to the nutritional component contained therein. Therefore it is necessary to prevent food damage, one of which is the addition of preservatives in food. One of the natural ingredients that has the potential as a natural preservative is kecombrang plant. Kecombrang(Etlingera elatior)is known to have bioactive compounds including polyphenols, alkaloids, and flavonoids. Extraction is influenced by several factors including temperature and time. These factors need to be controlled so that the extract produced has the best quality. This study aims to determine the optimum temperature and time extraction of kecombrang stems and leaves on the quality of the bioactive components of the product produced. This study uses the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) method with the Design Expert v10 program. The experimental design used is Central Composit Design (CCD). The factors that were tried in this study were temperature and liquid extraction time. The temperature consists of three levels, namely 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C, and time consists of three levels namely 3, 4 and 5 hours. The results showed that the optimum temperature and time in the extraction of kecombrang stem using a temperature of 40°C with a duration of 5 hours produced a pH value of 3.85, a total flavonoid of 239.92 mg QE / 100 g, a total phenol of 111.41 mg TAE / 100 g and optimum temperature and time in kecombrang leaf extraction using a temperature of 51°C with a duration of 3 hours produced a pH value of 4.35, a total phenol of 327.13 mg TAE / 100 g and a total flavonoid of 24.911 mg QE / 100 g. Qualitative test results indicate that positive liquid extracts contain alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, phenolics and triterpenoids.
Phytotoxicity in Foxtail millet seed polluted batik wastewater and its reduction by ArbuscularMycorrhizal Fungi
Authors: Dewi RatnaStia , Mardiyahkurniasih  , Dwiputranto Uki
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of giving ArbuscularMycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), to the toxicity of Millet seeds (Foxtail millet) contaminated with batik waste water. This study used seeds contaminated with batik waste water with the addition of AMF and without AMF (negative control), as well as water-treated waste, Millet seeds that were not polluted with batik waste water with and without AMF added with distilled water (positive control). The results showed that AMF addition had an effect on reducing the toxicity of Millet seeds contaminated with batik waste water. Millet exposed to batik wastewater with the provision of AMF + water produced the best value of 57.78% germination, 42.22% inhibition, highest leaf length 1.13 cm, plumulae 1.89 cm, radics 1.58 cm. The provision of AMF is promising in preventing pollutants from entering plants as well as improving soil quality.
The effect of packaging type and storage temperature on the characteristics of cheese spread analogues from corn extract
Authors: Aini Nur , Sustriawan Budi , Sumarmono Juni , Prihananto V. , Purwaning Atmajayanti Tanty
Published: December 2019

Cheese spread analogues composed of corn milk have a limited shelf life due to their high water and fat content. Therefore, appropriate packaging and storage temperatures are required to maintain the nature of these products for long-term storage. The purpose of the present study was to 1) study the effect of packaging type and storage temperature on the chemical and sensory characteristics of corn milk-based cheese analogues; 2) determine the most effective packaging type for corn milk-based cheese analogues; 3) determine the optimal storage temperature to be applied for corn milk-based cheese analogue. The present study used a completely randomised split-plot design. The effects of various storage factors were assessed, including storage time (1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks) as the main plot, type of packaging (polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and glass) as a subplot, and storage temperature (-5°C, 5°C, and IOC) as a subplot. The studied cheese analogue variables included moisture, free fatty acid content, soluble protein content, fat content, pH and sensory characteristics. The results indicated that packaging type and storage temperature had a significant effect on analogue cheese during storage. The most effective packaging types applied for 4 weeks of analogue cheese storage were glass packaging with a moisture content of 69.60%, soluble protein of 6.91%, a fat content of 5.4%, free fatty acid content of 3.65% and pH of 4.6. The sensory characteristics included smooth texture, easy to spread, a bright, attractive and shiny appearance, pale yellow colour, and acidic smell. The optimum storage temperature for corn milk-based analogue cheese spread for 4 weeks was 5°C with a moisture content of 69.26%, dissolved protein content of 7.23%, fat content of 5.68%, free fatty acid content of 3.54% and pH 4.6. Sensory characteristics included smooth texture, easy to spread, a bright, attractive and shiny appearance, pale yellow colour, and slightly acidic smell smelling only slightly of cheese.
Optimum frequency identification of anomalous geomagnetic signal related to earthquake precursor in Sumatra Island
Authors: Sokacana I , Rosid M S , Ahadi S
Published: December 2019

Many scientific studies has detected ULF (ultra-low frequency) emission before an earthquake. An earlier study of Loma Prieta 7.1 M earthquake in 1989 shows ULF anomaly ranged between 0.01-10 Hz before an earthquake. A similar study of Kushiro earthquake 6.4 Mw shows that the ULF anomaly can be detected at a frequency range of 0.022-0.1 Hz. Furthermore, a study conducted in Sumatra Island from 2007-2012 shows the ULF anomaly at 0.01-0.06 Hz. Newer study on the 2009 Padang earthquake and Mentawai 2010 earthquake shows ULF emission between 0.012-0.022 Hz. Based on the aforementioned researches, a study is conducted on frequency range of 0.01-0.09 Hz to identify the optimum ULF frequency. Study conducted in this case uses magnetic diurnal variation data from Sumatra region from 2017 to 2018, especially earthquakes recorded at Gunung Sitoli (GSI), and Sicincin (SCI) stations. Previous studies above provide an overview of ULF ranges associated with earthquakes. Based on all above, an analysis is conducted to find the precursors using data of past earthquake events by utilizing Fast Fourier Transform to transform time-domain data to frequency domain, bandpass filters to eliminate noise, power ratio of Z/H to determine the time window, and Single Station Transfer Function to determine the location window. Lastly, moving average is used to assist determination of time window. Magnetic anomalies between 0.01-0.03 Hz, with amplitude exceeding monthly average, were observed before the earthquakes. Analysis in this frequency range shows occurence of earthquake 5-6 days after geomagnetic anomalies were detected. This study shows that location window prediction is possible with 100% accuracy. Therefore, 0.01-0.03 is currently the optimum frequency for precursor analysis.
Effect of Sugar on Nutrient Composition and Shelf Life of Red Guava Jams
Authors: Nissa Choirun , Arifan Fahmi , Febrianto Rico , Aditya William , Hayu Dwimawanti Ida , Pramudyono Widyasmara Reyno
Published: December 2019

Red guava as fruit jams normally preserved using added sugar to prolong its shelf life. Heating process and different sugar content could affect in nutrient content and expiration date. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the nutrient content and shelf life of jams based on two different sugar content. Two hundred (jam A) and two hundred and fifty grams of sugar (jam B) was added in 800 grams of guava then cooked at 70°C within an hour. Protein and fat was measured using Kjeldahl and soxhlet, while water and ash content was analyzed using thermogravimetry and dry ash method. Carbohydrate was calculated using by difference method. Shelf life determination was obtained using organoleptic test, containing taste, aroma, and visual sensory. In result, jam A have a higher protein (0.334%), fat (1.567%), and water (29.21%) than jam B (0.306%; 1.092%; 27.32%). On the other hand, ash (0.34%) and carbohydrate (68.549%) in jam A are lower than B (0.37% and 70.912 respectively). Overall, jam A have a higher protein, fat, water and carbohydrate content than jam B. A higher water content potentially indicate a lower shelf life which seen in jam A. In conclution, terms of nutritional composition, jam A have higher content than jam B, but have lower shelf life.
Fish conservation status in eastern part of segara anakan Cilacap Indonesia
Authors: Sih Piranti Agatha , Setyaningrum Nuning , Diana Retna USR , Ardli Erwin R
Published: December 2019

Segara Anakan is an estuarine ecosystem located on the southern coast of Central Java Province which is very fertile with high biodiversity. However, the current condition is thought to have experienced a decline in biodiversity caused by sedimentation, overexploitation and water pollution problems so that it is feared that it will disrupt the preservation of organisms including fish. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of fish found in Segara Anakan Cilacap, and to know the conservation status of each species of fish caught in Segara Anakan in eastern Cilacap. This research was conducted using a survey method with cluster random sampling technique at 6 stations (3 stations on the Sapuregel River and 3 stations on the Kembangkuning River) with 3 replications each during highest tide. Fish collection is done by using a net and gillnet or gillnet that is installed during low tide and carried out during high tide. The diversity of fish in the waters of Segara Anakan is 36 species from 25 families. There are 16 species from 15 families in the Donan River and 34 species from 25 families in the Sapuregel River. The diversity of fish in the Sapuregel River is higher than in the Donan River. The status of fish in the eastern Segara Anakan waters management area is mostly in the LR (Least Concern) or low risk status and 1 NT (Near Threatened) species or threatened with extinction namely Sidat Fish (Anguilla bicolof)
Technology engineering of rearing red tilapia saline (oreochromis niloticus) fed on artificial diet enriched with protease enzymes in an eroded brackish water pond
Authors: Samidjan Istiyanto , Dody Safar , Rachmawati Diana
Published: December 2019

Technology engineering of red tilapia saline (O niloticus) was reared in brackish water pond fed on artificial diet enriched with protease enzymes in an eroded brackish water pond. The purpose of this study was to know of technology engineering of red tilapia saline reared in brackish pond that is exposed to effect eroded brackish water pond and the effect of adding protease enzymes in artificial feed to accelerate the growth and survival of red tilapia saline fish. The fish samples in this study used red tilapia saline with and average weight of 1.25 ± 0.09 g / fish with stocking 10 fish / m2. This research used experimental method with Completely Randomized Design, 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments in this study were the addition of papain protease enzyme in the artificial feed with different dose ie A (0 mg / kg of feed), B (350 mg / kg of feed), C (700 mg / kg feed), D (1050 mg / kg feed ). The parameters to be determed include relative growth rate (RGR), feed utilization efficiency (EPP), protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival rate (SR), and water quality.
THE ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS KADMIUM (Cd) IN WATER, SEDIMENTS AND AQUACULTURE BIOTA WHICH CONTAMINATED BY BATIK WASTE IN MULYOREJO VILLAGE PEKALONGAN
Authors: Siregar A.S. , Prayogo N.A. , Harisam T
Published: December 2019

This research entitled “The Accumulation of Heavy Metals Kadmium (Cd) in water, sediments and aquaculture biota which contaminated by Batik waste in Mulyorejo village Pekalongan”. Purposes to know the heavy metal concentration Cd in water, sediment and bandeng’s flesh, relation between heavy metal concentration Cd in water and sediment with fish’s flesh, the pollution status in this aquaculture, and also the consumption properness from the aquaculture station. This study conducted by survey method with stratified random sampling on four stations with four replications. The data then analyzed by descriptive comparative, F-test, regression and correlation, Contamination Factor index, Geoaccumulation index and bioaccumulation factor. The result revealed that the heavy metal concentration in the water 0,003-0,009 mg/L, in sediments 1,272-2,208 mg/kg and fish’s flesh 0,087-0,168 mg/kg. The heavy metal concentration (Cd) in the water and sediments with fish’s flesh are have positive correlation which strongly (R=0,888 and R=0,906). The pollution status based on the contamination factor index (CF) categorized as very high contaminated and geoaccumulation index is mild contaminated (station III and IV) and mild to severe contaminated (station I and II). The fishes in this station are improper to be consumed except in station IV (distance ±300m from Bremi’s riveroutlet).
The effect of endosulfan (insecticide) on expression of vitelogenin gene in female silver sharkminnow (Osteochilus hasseltii C. V.)
Authors: Sukardi Purnama , Eka Rosita Rita , Sahri Siregar Asrul , Sonny Januar C , Taufan Harisam M. , Hidayat Farid , Bessho Yasumasa , Arie Prayogo Norman
Published: December 2019

Endosulfan is an organochlorine insecticide that has high toxicity, persistent and bioaccumulative. Endosulfan entering the waters can cause subletal toxicity to fish. Endosulfan residues that enter the body of the fish will inhibit their reproduction, such as the formation of vitelogenin. This study aimed to determine the effect of concentration and length of time endosulfan exposure which could reduce vitelogenin gene expression in female silver sharkminnow (Osteochilus hasseltii C. V.). Complete randomized design was applied using four treatments of endosulfan concentration i.e. 0 ppb, 0.88 ppb, 1.76 ppb and 2.64 ppb, respectively. The research was conducted for four weeks with sampling frequency every two weeks. The molecular study was carried out four steps include organ preparation, RNA isolation and DNAse treatment, measurement of RNA concentration and vitelogenin gene expression and RT-PCR was used in this study. Gene expression data analyzed by One Way ANOVA to each of the response variables to know whether differences existed among treatments. The results showed that the concentration and exposure time of endosulfan had not given different result on each treatment. This was presumably because the concentration of endosulfan given had not been able to influence changes in gene expression of vitelogenin in female silver sharkminnow.
Analysis of product quality control using six sigma method
Authors: Putri B.A.D. , Qurtubi  , Handayani D.
Published: December 2019

Quality control is the activity of management to measure the quality characteristics of the product, compare it with specifications or requirements, and take appropriate action if there is a difference between the actual appearance of the standard. Every company needs an operational system that can indicate and overcome defective or damaged products, the company must control quality in each of its production processes. This study aims to determine the quality control of production and actions that should be done by the company to reduce product failure. The research subject used is a case study at the company, this manufacturing company produces bottled water products. The data used in the study include primary and secondary data, and data collection methods used are interviews, observation and documentation. Analysis of the data used in this study is the Six Sigma method which includes five stages of DMAIC analysis namely define, measure, analyze, improve and control. This study revealed that there are five types of defects namely lid defects, cup defects, sliding machine, volume defects, and dirty water. Based on the calculation of sigma value, the average sigma value of company is 4.39 with 2,047.96 Defect per Million Opportunities (DPMO). Fishbone diagrams are carried out to analyze the causal factors of defective products, namely machinery, humans, methods, and materials.
Supplier selection and determination of quantity of raw material orders using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and linear programming: A preliminary study
Authors: Handayani D. , Qurtubi  , Alfaris M. F.
Published: December 2019

This article discusses the preliminary study about the selection and determination of order quantities of raw materials using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Linear Programming methods. AHP is used to carry out the weighting of each criterion and sub-criteria so that suppliers are found to be in accordance with the company, while linear programming is used to determine optimal raw material orders from each supplier that has been sorted. The purpose of writing this article is to provide a basis for the research that will be conducted. The method used in writing this article is a review literature. Based on inductive studies it can be concluded that the research that will be conducted has a difference with previous similar studies, namely the method used and the criteria set.
Supply Chain Performance Measurement Using Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR) in Sugar Company in Indonesia
Authors: Kusrini E , Helia V N , Maharani M P
Published: December 2019

This study aims to measure supply chain performance by using SCOR (Supply Chain Operation Reference), a process-based model. It focuses on five business processes namely Plan, Source, Make, Deliver, and Return. There are 45 KPIs grouped into 5 main KPI attributes: Reliability, Responsiveness, Agility, Cost, and Asset Management. In order to get a more precise performance value, then weighted by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The final value is obtained from the multiplication of the value of performance by the weight of importance. This study was conducted by taking a case study at one of the sugar company in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that the supply chain performance of the sugar company is in a good category with the final grade of 70.94 from the 0-100 scale. Value of each process consecutively as follows: Plan 18.47, Source 16.12, Make 10.73, Deliver 10.79, and Return 7.1. Some recommendations are given to the company for evaluation and refinement focused on low business process values.
Modeling and simulation of manufacture sector data in Malaysia with detection of outliers: An ARMA-GARCH approach
Authors: Ghani I M Md , Rahim H A
Published: December 2019

Manufacturing is one of the major sectors that contribute to the economy of Malaysia. The situation of manufacturing sales, especially rubber gloves received the attention of investors to forecast. However, the pattern of economics exposed to unexpected changes, which called outlier which occurred because of internal or external factors. Consequently, give shock to time series data. The main approach used is the hybrid of Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) model and Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model. The effectiveness of the volatility model with the existence of outliers are measured by Monte Carlo method. Besides, to find the best ARMA-GARCH model there are four models produced from different specifications in ARMA(a,b) and GARCH(g, h) models. In this paper, we used 216 monthly price data of Standard Malaysian Rubber Grade 20 (SMR 20) in Malaysia. The validity comparison of diagnostic checking is measured on AIC, AICc, SIC and HQIC. While the forecasting performance evaluated using MSE, RMSE and MAPE. The results of the empirical analysis indicate that the ARMA(2,0)-GARCH(1,2) model is the appropriate model to forecast the price of SMR 20 that were used to the manufacturing of rubber gloves in Malaysia.
Modelling and simulation of three-roll bending process of bimetal Circular Billet
Authors: Alaboodi A S , Yusoff N B , Alnasser A A
Published: December 2019

Bending process is an important metal forming technique which is used on industrial scale. An asymmetric three-roll bending is sub-type bending process and has a simple configuration. The present study has focused on the investigation of the bonded bimetal billet. The two material consist of copper alloy rod inside an aluminium alloy (AA 6061-T6) tube with one common dimension between the rod and the tube which is the radius of rod and the inner radius of tube. The effect of varying the radius has considered on this study. The results shown that the increasing of copper alloy radius increased the reaction load and the mass of the bimetal billet with exponential increment.
Local search algorithm for solving periodic location routing problem
Authors: Prasanti N , Andriansyah A , Fitriadi F
Published: December 2019

This study examines the problem of facility location and vehicle routes determination in supply chain system periodically. The problem is determining the location and route to meet the supply of commodity to the power plant that taken from the case of an electricity company in Indonesia. In this study, the problem is called Periodic Location Routing Problem (PLRP). Periodic Location Routing Problem is a non-polynomial hard problem (NP-hard), if locations considered is increase, the computation time used is increasing exponentially. Therefore, to solve a large-scale of this problem, a local search algorithm is proposed. Local search is a very simple metaheuristic algorithm. To explore the solution space for the problem, this algorithm will use the relocation operator. The results of computational experiments from 10 instances indicate that the results of the solution have a small standard deviation with short computing time in less than 2 hours.
An Integrated approach for Path Planning for Mobile Robot Using Bi-RRT
Authors: Gul Faiza , Rahiman Wan
Published: December 2019

In this paper, an integrated effort has been exploited for path planning along with path smoothness for a mobile robot. An extension of randomly exploring tree is used to plan the path for robot along with path length smoothness. Our proposed system influences the concept of Bi-directional Rapidly Exploring Random Trees (Bi-RRTs) for path planning together with path smoothness for minimizing the processing time to search for the path length. We compared our system with standard method in trials with the autonomous robotic platform. Produced results show that the presented approach as high robustness and use less computational effort.
Supply Chain Performance Measurement Usng Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR) 12.0 Model : A Case Study in A A Leather SME in Indonesia
Authors: Kusrini E , Caneca V I , Helia V N , Miranda S
Published: December 2019

The leather industry is one of the basic ingredients in fashion and textile/apparel that has good development potential. This can be used to take advantage of the opportunity for the leather industry which is still importing 60-70%. Supply chain measurement is needed to determine production capability and moreover to benchmark for its company, government, and academics. Measurement of supply chain performance is carried out using the newest-SCOR 12.0 method with a performance and processes approach. The study was conducted on XYZ SME and limited to bag product which is one of the largest leather industries in the Bantul area, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The value of supply chain performance is 54.29, which based on performance indicators. This value included in the average category. It can be inferred as the benchmark for the leather industry around areas to improve supply chain performance.
Improvement of storage system upright piano cabinet using class based storage
Authors: Alfarokhi S.L. , Qurtubi  , Miranda S.
Published: December 2019

The objective of this research is to reduce the process distance on storage and retrieval (S/R) by suggesting storage system of piano’s cabinets (piano’s parts) on the certain storage shelf. The object of the research is department of setting cabinet that obligated to bridge and organize cabinet’s supply from department of painting to department of assembly. Based on the planning and actual delivery of piano cabinets to department of assembly, it is found that only 33,3% deliveries were accomplished as recorded by data on April 2018. One of the causes is internal handling problem at the department of cabinet setting that takes longer time due to unorganized cabinet storage. After all data of “in-out stock” are resumed, later it will be processed by employing class-based storage method for material’s grouping. The data indicated that cabinet with material class A is dominated by top 4 requested models of piano and the comparison between initial storage system layout and the proposed one shows the difference on total distance of retrieval activities for 210 kilometers during 5 months of working. It could be concluded that the purpose of storage system could reduce the retrieval distance by 68%.
Review on bio-inspired algorithms approach to solve assembly line balancing problem
Authors: Sulaiman N , Mohamad-Saleh J , Md-Haron N R H , Kamaruzzaman Z A
Published: December 2019

Bio-inspired algorithms that have been introduced by mimicking the biological phenomenon of nature have widely implemented to cater various real-world problems. As example, memetic algorithm, EGSJAABC3 is applied for economic environmental dispatch (EED) optimization, Hybrid Pareto Grey Wolf Optimization to minimize emission of noise and carbon in U-shaped robotic assembly line and Polar Bear Optimization to optimize heat production. The results obtained from their research have clearly portrayed the robustness of bio-inspired algorithms to cater complex problems. This paper highlights the efficiencies of bio-inspired algorithms implemented to cater problem relate to assembly line balancing. This kind of problem is very crucial to counter since it involves minimizing the time of the machines and operators or cost that required optimal task distribution. The outcome of this paper shows the effectiveness of bio-inspired algorithms in solving assembly line balancing problem compared to traditional method.
Designing Disaster Recovery Plan of Data System for University
Authors: Meilani Difana , Arief Ikhwan , Habibitullah Mulya
Published: December 2019

According to the QS World University Rankings, Andalas University is a 3-star university and is in ranked 12th of the best universities in Indonesia based on the Indonesian Ministry of Research and Higher Education criteria. The university is located in three different areas which are Padang, Payakumbuh, and Dhamasraya. Currently, the university‘s Information and Communication Technology Development Unit which is responsible in managing the information and communication technology has no formal documentation of response procedures in an event of an emergency. Being used by some 26,702 students and staffs, the system is potentially corrupted by a few possible disasters like viruses, hackers, and server downs. Therefore it is crucial for the organization to plan a documented security action to protect essential archives and application software in anticipating the catastrophes. This study developed a Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP), as a document to act on accidents which may occur in occur in information system failures. It is a plan for rapid recovery from the disaster or the emergency response so that the organization does not perceive the impact given by the information system failure.
A review of accidents & incidents on Boeing and Airbus commercial aircraft’s avionics-related system in two decades (1996-2015)
Authors: Baidzawi I J , Nur N Mohd , Shukri S Ahmad , Aris K D Mohd , Asmadi N L , Mohamed M
Published: December 2019

Aviation accidents still hit the news even though the growth of technological advancement on commercial aircraft avionic systems has been impressive. Hence, one of the objectives of this study is to plot the time-based graph of commercial aviation accidents, with direct consequence from avionics instrumentations in the period of two decades, from 1996 to 2015. The second objective is to analyse two main aircraft manufacturers, Boeing and Airbus, in determining specific model of its kind that significantly involved in avionics-related instrumentation as one of the contributing factors that leads to the incidents or accidents. The third objective is to identify which avionics system that most frequently involved in aviation incidents, for both manufacturers. The final objective is to examine the main probable cause that has the highest percentage in those accidents within the said time frame. The method of collecting data is by doing comparative analysis from reliable official websites of four well-known bodies such as National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Aviation Safety Network and Flight Safety Foundation. Results show that misfortune occurrences are directly associated with avionics within the said two decades, which mainly involved Autopilot and Flight Management System (FMS) (14% each), meanwhile the aircraft model Boeing 737 carries the highest percentage of avionics-related incidents or accidents. Nonetheless, 67% of the misfortune occurrences within the scope of study are mainly due to human error instead of technology.
Purchase price adjustment disputes in mergers and acquisitions: an intersection of different dispute resolution procedures and a war of jurisdictions
Authors: Özdem Berk Hasan , İnce İpek
Published: December 2019

Frequently included in mergers and acquisitions (M&A) contracts purchase price adjustment clauses allow for upward or downward adjustments to the purchase price depending on a selected metric to help the parties of a transaction to overcome the information asymmetry about financial variables caused by the time lag between signing and closing. As a complex weave of technical accounting, financial, and legal issues, regardless of how objectively and meticulously conceived and drafted, it is quite often that disruptive issues arise in connection the with these clauses. In addition to the general arbitration clause typically contained in the M&A contracts, as a common practice, parties agree to submit any dispute concerning the values reported in the financial schedules to calculate the amount of an adjustment to an independent accounting firm for an expert determination. Since most of the time contracts do not provide any particular provision as to the relation between these two mechanisms, the practice shows that neither the demarcation of the two from each other nor the interaction between them is always unproblematic. This article, after explaining the price adjustment clauses, discusses the potential problems of which the parties should be well aware and address considering the case law and different approaches.
Application of topic models to a compendium of ChIP-Seq datasets uncovers recurrent transcriptional regulatory modules
Authors: Yang Guodong , Ma Aiqun , Qin Zhaohui S , Chen Li
Published: December 2019

Motivation

The availability of thousands of genome-wide coupling chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-Seq datasets across hundreds of transcription factors (TFs) and cell lines provides an unprecedented opportunity to jointly analyze large-scale TF-binding in vivo, making possible the discovery of the potential interaction and cooperation among different TFs. The interacted and cooperated TFs can potentially form a transcriptional regulatory module (TRM) (e.g. co-binding TFs), which helps decipher the combinatorial regulatory mechanisms.

Results

We develop a computational method tfLDA to apply state-of-the-art topic models to multiple ChIP-Seq datasets to decipher the combinatorial binding events of multiple TFs. tfLDA is able to learn high-order combinatorial binding patterns of TFs from multiple ChIP-Seq profiles, interpret and visualize the combinatorial patterns. We apply the tfLDA to two cell lines with a rich collection of TFs and identify combinatorial binding patterns that show well-known TRMs and related TF co-binding events.

Availability and implementation

A software R package tfLDA is freely available at https://github.com/lichen-lab/tfLDA.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Related Gut Microbiota Alterations on Metabolic Comorbid Conditions
Authors: Gelpi Marco , Vestad Beate , Hansen Simen Hyll , Holm Kristian , Drivsholm Ninna , Goetz Alexandra , Kirkby Nicolai Søren , Lindegaard Birgitte , Lebech Anne-Mette , Hoel Hedda , Michelsen Annika E , Ueland Thor , Gerstoft Jan , Lundgren Jens , Hov Johannes Roksund , Nielsen Susanne Dam , Trøseid Marius
Published: December 2019

Background

We aimed to identify a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–related microbiota signature, independent of sexual preferences and demographic confounders, in order to assess a possible impact of the microbiome on metabolic comorbid conditions.

Methods

Bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA analyses were performed on stool samples from 405 HIV-infected and 111 uninfected participants of the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV Infection (COCOMO) study. Individuals were stratified according to sexual behavior (men who have sex with men [MSM] vs non-MSM).

Results

After excluding MSM-associated microbiota traits and adjusting for confounders, we identified an HIV-related microbiota signature, consisting of lower biodiversity, increased relative abundance of the bacterial clades Gammaproteobacteria and Desulfovibrionaceae and decrease in several Clostridia. This microbiota profile was associated with a 2-fold excess risk of metabolic syndrome, driven by increase in Desulfovibrionaceae and decrease in Clostridia (Butyrivibrio, Coprococcus 2, Lachnospiraceae UCG-001 and CAG-56). This association was accentuated (5-fold excess risk) in individuals with previous severe immunodeficiency, which also modified the association between HIV-related microbiota signature and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area (P for interaction = .01). Accordingly, HIV-related microbiota was associated with 30-cm2 larger VAT in individuals with history of severe immunodeficiency, but not in those without.

Conclusion

The HIV-related microbiota was associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome and VAT accumulation, particularly in individuals with previous severe immunodeficiency, driven by increased Desulfovibrionaceae and lower abundance of several Clostridia. Our findings suggest a potential interplay between HIV-related microbiota, immune dysfunction and metabolic comorbid conditions. Interventions targeting the gut microbiome may be warranted to reduce cardiovascular risk, particularly in individuals with previous immunodeficiency.
Phase I, II and III Trials in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Practical Guide for the Non-specialist
Authors: D’Amico Ferdinando , Baumann Cedric , Rousseau Hélène , Danese Silvio , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent
Published: December 2019

In the last few decades several new molecules have been developed in the field of inflammatory bowel diseases. However, the process that leads to the approval and use of a new drug is very long, expensive and complex, consisting of various phases. There is a pre-clinical phase that is performed on animals and a clinical phase that is directed to humans. Each research phase aims to evaluate different aspects of the drug and involves a specific target group of subjects. In addition, many aspects must be considered in the evaluation of a clinical trial: randomization, presence of a control group, blind design, type of data analysis performed, and patient stratification. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the clinical trial phases of a new drug in order to better understand and interpret their results.
Do green buildings provide benefits to the residential sector in Jordan? Yes, but…
Authors: Alkhalidi Ammar , Aljolani Osama
Published: December 2019

The concept of green buildings has recently arisen in order to contribute to solving some environmental, energy and economic issues. To meet the green building requirements, this paper describes an integrated design approach to improve the energy and water efficiency of the mid-rise residential buildings in Jordan using the eQUEST energy simulation tool. The results show that savings of 77.9% in the annual requirements of electricity, 65.0% in the requirements of diesel oil and 19.5% in the indoor water consumption can be achieved. Finally, the Jordanian green building model had achieved 44 points in the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design green building rating system and will have the ‘Certified’ classification.
A modified limited memory steepest descent method motivated by an inexact super-linear convergence rate analysis
Authors: Gu Ran , Du Qiang
Published: December 2019

How to choose the step size of gradient descent method has been a popular subject of research. In this paper we propose a modified limited memory steepest descent method (MLMSD). In each iteration we propose a selection rule to pick a unique step size from a candidate set, which is calculated by Fletcher’s limited memory steepest descent method (LMSD), instead of going through all the step sizes in a sweep, as in Fletcher’s original LMSD algorithm. MLMSD is motivated by an inexact super-linear convergence rate analysis. The R-linear convergence of MLMSD is proved for a strictly convex quadratic minimization problem. Numerical tests are presented to show that our algorithm is efficient and robust.
Longitudinal analysis of ESBL and carbapenemase carriage among Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates collected in Europe as part of the International Network for Optimal Resistance Monitoring (INFORM) global surveillance programme, 2013–17
Authors: Kazmierczak Krystyna M , de Jonge Boudewijn L M , Stone Gregory G , Sahm Daniel F
Published: December 2019

Objectives

To determine the spread of ESBLs and carbapenemases in Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Europe.

Methods

45 335 Gram-negative bacilli were collected in 18 European countries as part of the International Network for Optimal Resistance Monitoring (INFORM) global surveillance programme from 2013 to 2017. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using broth microdilution, and 9546 isolates were screened for β-lactamase genes by PCR and sequencing.

Results

ESBLs were identified in 35.5% of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 18.5% of Escherichia coli. ESBL carriage was lowest among isolates in Northern/Western Europe and highest in Eastern Europe. CTX-M-15 was the dominant ESBL in all countries except Greece, where SHV-type ESBLs were more common. Carbapenemases (KPC, OXA-48-like, GES, NDM and VIM) were found in 3.4% of Enterobacterales and were most common among K. pneumoniae (10.5% of those collected). Carbapenemase carriage was lowest in Northern/Western and highest in Southern Europe. KPC-positive Enterobacterales were most abundant but the percentages of OXA-48-like-, NDM- and VIM-positive isolates increased over time and were correlated with an increase in meropenem non-susceptibility. Carbapenemases (VIM, IMP, NDM and GES) were also identified in 5.1% of P. aeruginosa and were commonly found in Eastern Europe. Carbapenemase carriage and meropenem non-susceptibility among P. aeruginosa fluctuated over the 5 years studied and were not well correlated.

Conclusions

ESBL and carbapenemase carriage varied by species and European subregion. Meropenem non-susceptibility in European isolates of Enterobacterales can be attributed to carbapenemase carriage and is increasingly caused by MBLs and OXA-48-like carbapenemases. Carbapenemases or other β-lactamases are not a common cause of meropenem non-susceptibility in P. aeruginosa in Europe.
Interventions to Enhance Adherence to Oral Antineoplastic Agents: A Scoping Review
Authors: Rosenberg Shoshana M , Petrie Keith J , Stanton Annette L , Ngo Lan , Finnerty Emma , Partridge Ann H
Published: December 2019

Background

As new targeted oral antineoplastic therapies have emerged in recent years, the development of effective strategies that promote optimal adherence to cancer medication regimens has become an important priority.

Methods

We conducted a scoping literature review to search for English language articles published through July 15, 2019, to identify studies that reported the testing and/or evaluation of interventions to improve adherence to oral antineoplastic agents.

Results

A total of 56 articles were selected for review. Of the studies evaluated, 14 were randomized trials. All interventions except two targeted adult patients. Thirty-three studies enrolled fewer than 100 patients. Most interventions were education- and counseling-based and centered on provision of information about the drug and strategies to manage side effects. Only eight studies used an mHealth tool and/or text messages to target nonadherence. Among studies with a comparison sample, fewer than one-half (44.7%) reported statistically significant improvements in adherence or persistence associated with the intervention; however, some pharmacist-directed programs, particularly those that integrated monitoring or routine follow-up with a provider, did demonstrate efficacy.

Conclusion

Although the development of adherence-promoting interventions for oral antineoplastic therapies has increased recently, few have been rigorously tested. The nascent literature suggests those that are pharmacist directed and use regular monitoring show promise, though additional prospective studies are needed. Study methodology, population selection, and potential challenges that may be encountered in the implementation and dissemination phases should be considered when developing new interventions to address nonadherence to oral antineoplastic treatment.
Molecular Subtypes and Genomic Profile of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma
Authors: Bödör Csaba , Alpár Donát , Marosvári Dóra , Galik Bence , Rajnai Hajnalka , Bátai Bence , Nagy Ákos , Kajtár Béla , Burján Adrienn , Deák Beáta , Schneider Tamás , Alizadeh Hussain , Matolcsy András , Brandner Sebastian , Storhoff James , Chen Ning , Liu Mingdong , Ghali Nadeem , Csala Irén , Bagó Attila G , Gyenesei Attila , Reiniger Lilla
Published: December 2019

Primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) are aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphomas affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Although immunophenotyping studies suggested an uniform activated B-cell (ABC) origin, more recently a spectrum of ABC and germinal center B-cell (GC) cases has been proposed, with the molecular subtypes of PCNSL still being a matter of debate. With the emergence of novel therapies demonstrating different efficacy between the ABC and GC patient groups, precise assignment of molecular subtype is becoming indispensable. To determine the molecular subtype of 77 PCNSL and 17 secondary CNS lymphoma patients, we used the NanoString Lymphoma Subtyping Test (LST), a gene expression-based assay representing a more accurate technique of subtyping compared with standard immunohistochemical (IHC) algorithms. Mutational landscapes of 14 target genes were determined using ultra-deep next-generation sequencing. Using the LST-assay, a significantly lower proportion (80% vs 95%) of PCNSL cases displayed ABC phenotype compared with the IHC-based characterization. The most frequently mutated genes included MYD88, PIM1, and KMT2D. In summary, we successfully applied the LST-assay for molecular classification of PCNSL, reporting higher proportion of cases with GC phenotype compared with IHC analyses, leading to a more precise patient stratification potentially applicable in the diagnostic algorithm of PCNSL.
Soil and climate equally contribute to changes in the species compositions of Brazilian dry forests across 300 km
Authors: Arruda Daniel M , Magnago Luiz F S , Solar Ricardo R C , Duque-Brasil Reinaldo , Rodrigues Priscyla M S , Santos Rubens M , Schaefer Carlos E G R
Published: December 2019

Aims

Understanding the factors that control biodiversity distributions at different spatial scales has been a key challenge for conservation efforts. That biodiversity, reflected in differences in species compositions among sites (beta diversity), can be derived from species replacement (turnover) and is driven by multiple factors. Here, we sought to tackle this issue through two questions related to threatened Brazilian seasonally dry forests: (i) what is the contribution of species turnover to beta diversity? and (ii) which factors drive variations in species compositions among forest patches?

Methods

We sampled tree species and environmental variables (soils and climate) in 17 dry forest patches spaced almost 300 km apart. We used the beta diversity partitioning framework to determine the contribution of turnover. We used redundancy analysis, with properly controlled spatial structure, to assess the contributions of the environmental and spatial factors to the variations of the species composition.

Important Findings

Beta diversity among the patches was mainly represented by the turnover component (98.2%), with Simpson dissimilarity superior to other regions of the country (means of 0.89 and 0.71 in multiple site and pairwise measures, respectively). The environmental factors measured explained more than space, representing 30.3% of the variation of the species composition, of which 28.1% was nonspatially structured. We suggest that 300 km represents a threshold at which edaphic and climatic predictors have similar effects in determining community turnover (14.9% and 12.6%, respectively, without spatial structure). Thus, conservation strategies should be considered across landscapes to effectively protect tropical forest diversity, as even considering the different climatic aspects covered by the scale, landscaped edaphic varieties are important drivers of species turnover.