bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complete determination of plant tissues based only on auto‐fluorescence and the advanced image analysis – study of needles and stamens
Authors: Savić Aleksandar G. , Zivković Suzana , Jovanović Katarina K. , Duponchel Ludovic , Kopriva Ivica
Published: July 2015

Proper determination of tissues is one of the challenging problems in modern medicine and histology. Currently, interpretation of the results mainly depends on the experience of a histologist, leading to high percentage of results misinterpretation. Bearing in mind potential application, we proposed the set of procedures that allow us to obtain precise, mathematically determined parameters for tissue discrimination. First, the method was tested on simulated set of images and compared with several other algorithms. As the set of experimentally obtained input data, auto‐fluorescence images of needle cross sections (Picea omorika) and stamens of common centaury (Centaurium erythraea) were used. Determination of cell types is based on inherent features of plant cells – auto‐fluorescence. As each cell type consists of various fluorescent components in different quantities for each type of tissue, its integral emission spectrum can be used as the fingerprint for identification. Cross sections were imaged using four sets of filters for detection of fluorescence (both excitation and emission). Such filter set is standard equipment for most fluorescence microscopes. One additional image was transmission image using the same optics. By applying ℓ0‐norm‐constrained nonnegative matrix factorization in a space induced by explicit feature maps, it is possible to identify up to 11 tissues in needles and five in stamens (actual number of tissues). In comparison to other image analysis methods, the greatest advantage is the fact that the number of extracted components significantly exceeds the number of initial images while most other techniques can extract only as much components as the number of initial images. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Globular Precursors
Authors: Teixidor Francesc , Sillanpää Reijo , Pepiol Ariadna , Lupu Marius , Viñas Clara
Published: July 2015

o‐Carborane (C2B10H12) was adapted to perform as the core of globular macromolecules, dendrons or dendrimers. To meet this objective, precisely defined substitution patterns of terminal olefin groups on the carborane framework were subjected to Heck cross‐coupling reactions or hydroboration leading to hydroxyl terminated arms. These led to new terminal groups (chloro, bromo, and tosyl leaving groups, organic acid, and azide) that permitted ester production, click chemistry, and oxonium ring opening to be performed as examples of reactions that demonstrate the wide possibilities of the globular icosahedral carboranes to produce new dendritic or dendrimer‐like structures. Polyanionic species were obtained in high yield through the ring‐opening reaction of cyclic oxonium compound [3,3′‐Co(8‐C4H8O2‐1,2‐C2B9H10)(1′,2′‐C2B9H11)] by using terminal hydroxyl groups as nucleophiles. These new polyanionic compounds that contain multiple metallacarborane clusters at their periphery may prove useful as new classes of compounds for boron neutron capture therapy with enhanced water solubility and as cores to make a new class of high‐boron globular macromolecules.
Coordination‐Driven Self‐Assembly of Carbazole‐Based Metallodendrimers with Generation‐Dependent Aggregation‐Induced Emission Behavior
Authors: Fan Wen‐Jia , Sun Bin , Ma Jianqiu , Li Xiaopeng , Tan Hongwei , Xu Lin
Published: July 2015

A new family of 120° carbazole‐based dendritic donors D1–D3 have been successfully designed and synthesized, from which a series of novel supramolecular carbazole‐based metallodendrimers with well‐defined shapes and sizes were successfully prepared by [2+2] and [3+3] coordination‐driven self‐assembly. The structures of newly designed rhomboidal and hexagonal metallodendrimers were characterized by multinuclear NMR (1H and 31P) spectroscopy, ESI‐TOF mass spectrometry, FTIR spectroscopy, and the PM6 semiempirical molecular orbital method. The fluorescence emission behavior of ligands D1–D3, rhomboidal metallodendrimers R1–R3, and hexagonal metallodendrimers H1–H3 in mixtures of dichloromethane and n‐hexane with different n‐hexane fractions were investigated. The results indicated that D1–D3 featured typical aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties. However, different from ligands D1–D3, metallodendrimers R1–R3 and H1–H3 presented interesting generation‐dependent AIE properties. Furthermore, evidence for the aggregation of these metallodendrimers was confirmed by a detailed investigation of dynamic light‐scattering, Tyndall effect, and SEM. This research not only provides a highly efficient strategy for constructing carbazole‐based dendrimers with well‐defined shapes and sizes, but also presents a new family of carbazole‐based dendritic ligands and rhomboidal and hexagonal metallodendrimers with interesting AIE properties.
Synthesis of Phenanthrene Derivatives by Intramolecular Cyclization Utilizing the [1,2]‐Phospha‐Brook Rearrangement Catalyzed by a Brønsted Base
Authors: Kondoh Azusa , Aoki Takuma , Terada Masahiro
Published: July 2015

The synthesis of functionalized phenanthrene derivatives was achieved by intramolecular cyclization utilizing the [1,2]‐phospha‐Brook rearrangement under Brønsted base catalysis. Treatment of biaryl compounds having an α‐ketoester moiety and an alkyne moiety at the 2 and 2′ positions, respectively, with diisopropyl phosphite in the presence of a catalytic amount of phosphazene base P2‐tBu provides 9,10‐disubstituted phenanthrene derivatives in high yields. This reaction involves the generation of an ester enolate through an umpolung process, that is, addition of diisopropyl phosphite to a keto moiety followed by the [1,2]‐phospha‐Brook rearrangement, the intramolecular addition to an alkyne, and the [3,3] rearrangement of the allylic phosphate moiety in a consecutive fashion.
An Oxofluoride Catalyst Comprised of Transition Metals and a Metalloid for Application in Water Oxidation
Authors: Svengren Henrik , Hu Shichao , Athanassiadis Ioannis , Laine Tanja M. , Johnsson Mats
Published: July 2015

The application of the recently discovered oxofluoride solid solution (CoxNi1−x)3Sb4O6F6 as a catalyst for water oxidation is demonstrated. The phase exhibits a cubic arrangement of the active metal that forms oxo bridges to the metalloid with possible catalytic participation. The Co3Sb4O6F6 compound proved to be capable of catalyzing 2H2O→O2+4H++4e− at 0.33 V electrochemical and ≤0.39 V chemical overpotential with a TOF of 4.4⋅10−3, whereas Ni3Sb4O6F6 needs a higher overpotential. Relatively large crystal cubes (0.3–0.5 mm) are easily synthesized and readily handled as they demonstrate both chemical resistance to wear after repeated in situ tests under experimental conditions, and have a mechanical hardness of 270 V0.1 using Vickers indentation. The combined properties of this compound offer a potential technical advantage for incorporation to a catalytic interface in future sustainable fuel production.
Dynamic Ligand Reactivity in a Rhodium Pincer Complex
Authors: Tang Zhou , Otten Edwin , Reek Joost N. H. , van der Vlugt Jarl Ivar , de Bruin Bas
Published: July 2015

Ligand cooperativity provides (transition) metal complexes with new reactivities in substrate activation and catalytic reactions, but usually the ligand acts as an internal (Brønsted) base, while the metal acts as a (Lewis) acid. We describe the synthesis and stepwise activation of a new phosphane‐pyridine‐amide ligand PNNH2 in combination with RhI. The ligand is susceptible to stepwise proton and hydride loss from the nitrogen arm (imine formation) and deprotonation at the pyridylphosphine arm (dearomatization), giving rise to amine complex 1, amido species 2, imine complex 3 and dearomatized compound 4. Complex 4 bears a dual‐mode cooperative PNN′ ligand containing both a (nucleophilic) basic methine fragment and a reactive (electrophilic) imine moiety. The basic ligand arm enables substrate deprotonation while the imine ligand arm enables reversible “storage” of the activated (nucleophilic) form of a sulfonamide substrate at the ligand. In combination with metal‐based reactivity, this allows for the mono‐alkylation of o‐toluenesulfonamide with iodomethane. Compounds 1, 3 and 4 are structurally characterized. We also report the first structurally characterized example of an aminal in the coordination sphere of rhodium, complex 5, [Rh(CO)(PNN′′)], formed by sequential NH activation of sulfonamide by the dearomatized ligand PNN′ and follow‐up nucleophilic attack of anionic sulfonamide onto the imine fragment.
Metal Microporous Aromatic Polymers with Improved Performance for Small Gas Storage
Authors: Fu Xian , Zhang Yindong , Gu Shuai , Zhu Yunlong , Yu Guipeng , Pan Chunyue , Wang Zhonggang , Hu Yuehua
Published: July 2015

A novel metal‐doping strategy was developed for the construction of iron‐decorated microporous aromatic polymers with high small‐gas‐uptake capacities. Cost‐effective ferrocene‐functionalized microporous aromatic polymers (FMAPs) were constructed by a one‐step Friedel–Crafts reaction of ferrocene and s‐triazine monomers. The introduction of ferrocene endows the microporous polymers with a regular and homogenous dispersion of iron, which avoids the slow reunion that is usually encountered in previously reported metal‐doping procedures, permitting a strong interaction between the porous solid and guest gases. Compared to ferrocene‐free analogues, FMAP‐1, which has a moderate BET surface area, shows good gas‐adsorption capabilities for H2 (1.75 wt % at 77 K/1.0 bar), CH4 (5.5 wt % at 298 K/25.0 bar), and CO2 (16.9 wt % at 273 K/1.0 bar), as well as a remarkably high ideal adsorbed solution theory CO2/N2 selectivity (107 v/v at 273 K/(0–1.0) bar), and high isosteric heats of adsorption of H2 (16.9 kJ mol−1) and CO2 (41.6 kJ mol−1).
BODIPY: A Highly Versatile Platform for the Design of Bimodal Imaging Probes
Authors: Lhenry Damien , Larrouy Manuel , Bernhard Claire , Goncalves Victor , Raguin Olivier , Provent Peggy , Moreau Mathieu , Collin Bertrand , Oudot Alexandra , Vrigneaud Jean‐Marc , Brunotte François , Goze Christine , Denat Franck
Published: July 2015

In molecular imaging, multimodal imaging agents can provide complementary information, for improving the accuracy of disease diagnosis or enhancing patient management. In particular, optical/nuclear imaging may find important preclinical and clinical applications. To simplify the preparation of dual‐labeled imaging agents, we prepared versatile monomolecular multimodal imaging probe (MOMIP) platforms containing both a fluorescent dye (BODIPY) and a metal chelator (polyazamacrocycle). One of the MOMIP was conjugated to a cyclopeptide (i.e., octreotide) and radiolabeled with 111In. In vitro and in vivo studies of the resulting bioconjugate were conducted, highlighting the potential of these BODIPY‐based bimodal probes. This work also confirmed that the biovector and/or the bimodal probes must be chosen carefully, due to the impact of the MOMIP on the overall properties of the resulting imaging agent.
Fluorinated Nanocarbons Cytotoxicity
Authors: Teo Wei Zhe , Chua Chun Kiang , Sofer Zdenek , Pumera Martin
Published: July 2015

As the research in nanotechnology progresses, there will eventually be an influx in the number of commercial products containing different types of nanomaterials. This phenomenon might damage our health and environment if the nanomaterials used are found to be toxic and they are released into the waters when the products degrade. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of fluorinated nanocarbons (CXFs), a group of nanomaterials which can find applications in solid lubricants and lithium primary batteries. Our cell viability findings indicated that the toxicological effects induced by the CXF are dependent on the dose, size, shape, and fluorine content of the CXF. In addition, we verified that CXFs have insignificant interactions with the cell viability assays—methylthiazolyldiphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and water‐soluble tetrazolium salt (WST‐8), thus suggesting that the cytotoxicity data obtained are unlikely to be affected by CXF‐induced artifacts and the results will be reliable.
Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes as Two‐Photon Phosphorescent Probes for Specific Mitochondrial Dynamics Tracking in Living Cells
Authors: Jin Chengzhi , Liu Jiangping , Chen Yu , Zeng Leli , Guan Ruilin , Ouyang Cheng , Ji Liangnian , Chao Hui
Published: July 2015

Five cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes with 2‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐f][1,10]phenanthroline derivatives (IrL1–IrL5) were synthesized and developed to image and track mitochondria in living cells under two‐photon (750 nm) excitation, with two‐photon absorption cross‐sections of 48.8–65.5 GM at 750 nm. Confocal microscopy and inductive coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) demonstrated that these complexes selectively accumulate in mitochondria within 5 min, without needing additional reagents for membrane permeabilization, or replacement of the culture medium. In addition, photobleaching experiments and luminescence measurements confirmed the photostability of these complexes under continuous laser irradiation and physiological pH resistance. Moreover, results using 3D multicellular spheroids demonstrate the proficiency of these two‐photon luminescent complexes in deep penetration imaging. Two‐photon excitation using such novel complexes of iridium(III) for exclusive visualization of mitochondria in living cells may substantially enhance practical applications of bioimaging and tracking.
Rational Tuning of the Electrocatalytic Nanobiointerface for a “Turn‐Off” Biofuel‐Cell‐Based Self‐Powered Biosensor for p53 Protein
Authors: Han Yajing , Chabu Johnny Muya , Hu Shengqiang , Deng Liu , Liu You‐Nian , Guo Shaojun
Published: July 2015

Herein, a novel tunable electrocatalytic nanobiointerface for the construction of a high‐sensitivity and high‐selectivity biofuel‐cell (BFC)‐based self‐powered biosensor for the detection of transcription factor protein p53 is reported, in which bilirubin oxidase (BOD)/DNA supramolecular modified graphene/platinum nanoparticles hybrid nanosheet (GPNHN) works as a new enhanced material of biocathode to control the attachment of target, and thus tune the electron‐transfer process of oxygen reduction for transducing signaling magnification. It is found that in the presence of p53, the strong interaction between the wild‐type p53 and its consensus DNA sequence on the electrode surface can block the electron transfer from the BOD to the electrode, thus providing a good opportunity for reducing the electrocatalytic activity of oxygen reduction in the biocathode. This in combination with the glucose oxidation at the carbon nanotube/Meldola’s blue/glucose dehydrogenase bioanode can result in a current/or power decrease of BFC in the presence of wild‐type p53. The specially designed BFC‐based self‐powered p53 sensor shows a wide linear range from 1 pM to 1 μM with a detection limit of 1 pM for analyzing wild‐type p53. Most importantly, our BFC‐based self‐powered sensors can detect the concentrations of wild‐type p53 in normal and cancer cell lysates without any extensive sample pretreatment/separation or specialized instruments. The present BFC‐based self‐powered sensor can provide a simple, economical, sensitive, and rapid way for analyzing p53 protein in normal and cancer cells at clinical level, which shows great potential for creating the treatment modalities that capitalize on the concentration variation of the wild‐type p53.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Cyclopentanoids: Applications to the Construction of the ABCD Tetracyclic Core of Retigeranic Acid A
Authors: Zhang Junlin , Wang Xiao , Li Shuang , Li Dian , Liu Song , Lan Yu , Gong Jianxian , Yang Zhen
Published: July 2015

A concise and efficient approach for the construction of the tetracyclic carbon skeleton of retigeranic acid A is described. The key transformations include a novel Rh‐catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition of enyol to afford cyclopentanoid E, bearing two contiguous quaternary stereocenters at the bridgehead positions, and an intramolecular Pauson–Khand reaction to construct the advanced tetracyclic core structure of retigeranic acid A.
Iridium(III) Photocatalysis: A Visible‐Light‐Induced Dearomatizative Tandem [4+2] Cyclization to Furnish Benzindolizidines
Authors: Mühmel Sandra , Alpers Dirk , Hoffmann Frank , Brasholz Malte
Published: July 2015

A photocatalytic dearomatizative tandem [4+2] cyclization between N‐(2‐iodoethyl)indoles and a variety of alkenes leads to tri‐ and tetracyclic benzindolizidines with high diastereoselectivity and yield. The intermolecular annulation reaction is performed under visible‐light irradiation and employs [Ir(ppy)3] or [Ir(dtbbpy)(ppy)2] PF6 as photocatalysts, in combination with tertiary amines as electron and hydrogen atom donors.
ChemInform Abstract: About Alkali Metal Dicyanamides: Syntheses, Single‐Crystal Structure Determination, DSC/TG and Vibrational Spectra of KCs[N(CN)2]2 and NaRb2[N(CN)2]3·H2O.
Authors: Reckeweg Olaf , Wakabayashi Ryo H. , DiSalvo Francis J. , Schulz Armin , Schneck Christof , Schleid Thomas
Published: July 2015

Single crystals of KCs[N(CN)2]2 (I) and NaRb2[N(CN)2]3·H2O (II) are obtained by mixing aqueous solutions of Na[N(CN)2] and the respective alkali fluoride followed by slow H2O evaporation.
ChemInform Abstract: Precursor Routes to Complex Ternary Intermetallics: Single‐Crystal and Microcrystalline Preparation of Clathrate‐I Na8Al8Si38 from NaSi + NaAlSi.
Authors: Dong Yongkwan , Chai Ping , Beekman Matt , Zeng Xiaoyu , Tritt Terry M. , Nolas George S.
Published: July 2015

Microcrystalline clathrate‐I compounds Na8AlxSi46‐x (x = 4, 6, 8) are synthesized by spark plasma sintering using a NaSi/NaAlSi mixture as precursor (973 K, 3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Orbital Arrangements and Magnetic Interactions in the Quasi‐One‐Dimensional Cuprates ACuMoO4(OH) (A: Na, K).
Authors: Nawa Kazuhiro , Yajima Takeshi , Okamoto Yoshihiko , Hiroi Zenji
Published: July 2015

Single crystals of the new compound KCuMoO4(OH) are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous solutions of Cu(NO3)2 and K2MoO4 (autoclave, 433 K followed by slow heating to 493 K in 240 h).
ChemInform Abstract: The Stannides RE3Au6Sn (RE: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm) — Synthesis, Structure, Magnetic Properties and 119Sn Moessbauer Spectroscopy.
Authors: Fickenscher Thomas , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Niehaus Oliver , Gerke Birgit , Havenkamp Sandra , Eckert Hellmut , Poettgen Rainer
Published: July 2015

The Ce3Pd6Sb5‐type rare earth stannides Ln3Au6Sn5 (Ln: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm) are prepared by arc‐melting of stoichiometric mixtures of the elements and subsequent annealing (Ta crucibles in evacuated silica ampoules, 870 K, 3 weeks).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of Pyrrole with Nitroalkenes Catalyzed by a Copper Complex of a Bisphenol A‐Derived Schiff Base.
Authors: Oezdemir Halide Sedef , Sahin Engin , Cakici Murat , Kilic Hamdullah
Published: July 2015

The title reaction affords optically active pyrrole derivatives (III) with enantioselectivities up to 94%.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Diels—Alder Reaction of Quinone Imine Ketals: A Site‐Divergent Approach.
Authors: Hashimoto Takuya , Nakatsu Hiroki , Maruoka Keiji
Published: July 2015

The site selectivity in these asymmetric quinone Diels—Alder reactions strongly depends on the structure of the axially chiral dicarboxylic acid catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Cycloisomerization of Propargylic Esters with Furan Rings.
Authors: Yang Jin‐Ming , Tang Xiang‐Ying , Shi Min
Published: July 2015

The intramolecular cycloisomerization of a diverse range of substrates using Au(I)‐catalysis is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 1‐Substituted Benzimidazoles with Acylacetylenes and Water: Ring‐Opening versus Ring‐Expansion and Isotopic Effect of Deuterium.
Authors: Belyaeva Kseniya V. , Andriyankova Lyudmila V. , Nikitina Lina P. , Bagryanskaya Irina Yu. , Afonin Andrei V. , Ushakov Igor A. , Mal'kina Anastasiya G. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: July 2015

Title compounds (I) react with acylacetylenes (II) and water to give stereoselectively functionalized (Z)‐arylaminovinyl ketones (III), products of imidazole ring‐opening, as main products and benzodiazocinones (IV), products of the imidazole ring‐expansion, as side‐products.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Reductive Deoxygenation of Aryl Ketones Catalyzed by Oxo‐Rhenium Complexes.
Authors: Fernandes Tiago A. , Bernardo Joana R. , Fernandes Ana C.
Published: July 2015

A diverse range of aryl ketones is efficiently reduced to the corresponding alkanes or a mixture of the alkane and alkene derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Intermolecular Reductive Coupling of Esters with Benzophenones by Low‐Valent Titanium: Synthesis of Diarylmethyl Ketones Revisited.
Authors: Kise Naoki , Sakurai Toshihiko
Published: July 2015

Two‐ and four‐electron reduced products are obtained selectively by controlling the amounts of the reducing agents and the reaction temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis of Primary Amines by Reductive Amination of Ketones with Ammonia over Supported Pt Catalysts.
Authors: Nakamura Yoichi , Kon Kenichi , Touchy Abeda Sultana , Shimizu Ken‐ichi , Ueda Wataru
Published: July 2015

Various aliphatic and aromatic ketones are reduced to the corresponding primary amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Claisen Condensation of N‐Fmoc‐Amino Acids — A Short Route to Heterocyclic γ‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Mathieu Loic , Bonnel Clement , Masurier Nicolas , Maillard Ludovic T. , Martinez Jean , Lisowski Vincent
Published: July 2015

An efficient and stereoselective method for the preparation of 4‐amino(methyl)‐1,3‐thiazole‐5‐carboxylic acids starting from N‐Fmoc‐amino acids is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Norbornane Bisether Antibiotics via Silver‐Mediated Alkylation.
Authors: Pfeffer Frederick M. , et al.
Published: July 2015

Bisalkylated and bisbenzylated norbornane bisether dicarboxylates are prepared and transformed in three further steps into the corresponding norbornane bisether diguanidines.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Trifluoromethylation of Aryl‐ and Vinylboronic Acids by 2‐Cyclopropyl‐1‐(trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophenium Triflate.
Authors: Arimori Sadayuki , Shibata Norio
Published: July 2015

Aryl, hetaryl, and alkenyl boronic acids are successfully trifluoromethylated in varying yields, depending on the elctronic and steric properties of the substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxygenation of C(sp2)—H and C(sp3)—H Bonds under the Assistance of Oxalyl Amide.
Authors: Liu Pei , Han Jian , Chen Chang Peng , Shi Da Qing , Zhao Ying Sheng
Published: July 2015

The scalable mono/dialkoxylation or mono/diacetoxylation of oxalyl amide protected benzylic amines and α‐substituted propylamines is elaborated providing the products in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkyne Hydroacylation: Switching Regioselectivity by Tandem Ruthenium Catalysis.
Authors: Chen Qing‐An , Cruz Faben A. , Dong Vy M.
Published: July 2015

β,γ‐Unsaturated carbonyl compounds are synthesized through the coupling of internal alkynes with aldehydes using tandem Ru‐catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 3‐Aldehyde‐2‐substituted Thiophenes Through Lewis Base Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of 1,4‐Dithiane‐2,5‐diols with Ynals.
Authors: Shi Wenjuan , Wan Li , Hu Yimin , Sun Shaofa , Li Wenjun , Peng Yanhong , Wu Minghu , Guo Haibing , Wang Jian
Published: July 2015

Thiophenes with keto and ester groups in 3‐position are also accessible.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Cyanopropylation of Activated Alkenes.
Authors: Tang Shi , Li Zhi‐Hao , Zhou Dong , Deng You‐Lin , Ding Guo‐Liang , Zhang Qian , Liu Li‐Ya , Li Shu‐Hua
Published: July 2015

Azobisisobutyronitrile is used as radical source in a copper‐catalyzed oxidative cyanopropylation reaction with N‐arylacryl amides.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Domino Approach to Polysubstituted 2‐Hydroxyindole‐3,4‐(2H,5H)‐diones.
Authors: Xiang Yan , Xu Hai‐Wei , Fan Wei , Jiang Bo , Tu Shu‐Jiang
Published: July 2015

A new domino reaction between aryl glyoxal monohydrates and enaminones (I) for the formation of the title compounds (III) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Screening of 2′‐Aryl/Benzyl‐2‐aryl‐4‐methyl‐4′,5‐bithiazolyls as Possible Antitubercular and Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Abhale Yogita K. , Sasane Amit V. , Chavan Abhijit P. , Deshmukh Keshav K. , Kotapalli Sudha Sravanti , Ummanni Ramesh , Sayyad Sadikali F. , Mhaske Pravin C.
Published: July 2015

40 Title compounds (III) are prepared and screened for their biological activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Sustainable Access to Functionalized Julolidines Through Hydrogen Autotransfer.
Authors: Labed Amira , Jiang Fan , Labed Ilhem , Lator Alexis , Peters Marius , Achard Mathieu , Kabouche Ahmed , Kabouche Zahia , Sharma Gangavaram V. M. , Bruneau Christian
Published: July 2015

Starting from tetrahydroquinolines a straightforward and eco‐friendly two‐step access to functionalized julolidines is elaborated.
ChemInform Abstract: A Straightforward One‐Pot Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydroquinazoline‐2(1H)‐thione Derivatives in Aqueous Organic Solvent.
Authors: Ding Qiuping , Yao Shujuan , Yang Qin , Sang Xiaoyan , Yu Weihua , Peng Yiyuan
Published: July 2015

via a tandem intermolecular nucleophilic addition/intramolecular Michael addition reaction
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of 2‐(1‐Methyl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)‐2‐nitrosoacetonitrile: A Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of Benzimidazo[1,2‐a]piperazine Derivatives.
Authors: Raslan Mohamed A. , Sayed Samia M. , Khalil Mohamed A.
Published: July 2015

Reaction of the title nitrosoacetonitrile (I) with malononitrile derivatives (II) or related hetarylacetonitriles such as (VIII) provides access to several new benzimidazopiperazine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of 2‐Pyrrolidino‐, 2‐N‐Methylpiperazino‐, 2‐Piperidino‐, and 2‐Morpholino‐1,3,4‐thiadiazines.
Authors: Knak Stefanie , Pfeiffer Wolf‐Diethard , Dollinger Horst , Langer Peter
Published: July 2015

A variety of the title thiadiazine derivatives (III) are synthesized by cyclocondensation of phenacyl halides with thiosemicarbazides (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Polystyrene‐Supported DABCO as a Highly Efficient and Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the One‐Pot Synthesis of β‐Phosphonomalonates.
Authors: Yu Ya‐Qin , Xu Da‐Zhen
Published: July 2015

via base‐catalyzed tandem Knoevenagel‐phospha‐Michael reaction
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Chiral α‐Amino Quaternary Stereogenic Centers via Phase‐Transfer Catalyzed Enantioselective α‐Alkylation of α‐Amidomalonates.
Authors: Park Hyeung‐geun , et al.
Published: July 2015

The utility of this reaction is demonstrated in a synthesis of the unnatural amino acid α‐benzylserine (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: A Trialkylphosphine‐Driven Chemical Transformation Route to Ag‐ and Bi‐Based Chalcogenides.
Authors: Han Shi‐Kui , Gu Chao , Gong Ming , Yu Shu‐Hong
Published: July 2015

The reaction of trialkylphosphines with a series of nanostructured chalcogenides results in metals and metal‐sulfide heterostructures.
ChemInform Abstract: Porous Materials Based on Metal‐Nucleobase Systems Sustained by Coordination Bonds and Base Pairing Interactions
Authors: Beobide Garikoitz , Castillo Oscar , Luque Antonio , Perez‐Yanez Sonia
Published: July 2015

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Performance of Solid Acid‐Base Catalysts for Production of Acrolein by Gas‐Phase Dehydration of Aqueous Glycerol
Authors: Xu Bo‐Qing
Published: July 2015

Review: 19 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Silylative Coupling of Olefins with Vinylsilanes in the Synthesis of Functionalized Alkenes
Authors: Szudkowska‐Fratczak Justyna , Hreczycho Grzegorz , Pawluc Piotr
Published: July 2015

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Controlled Site‐Selectivity Switching in Pd‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Dihaloarenes
Authors: Manabe Kei , Yamaguchi Miyuki
Published: July 2015

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Microwaves in the Synthesis of Polycyclic Six‐Membered N,N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Kaur Navjeet
Published: July 2015

Review: 139 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Silica‐Nanosphere‐Based Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Functionalization and Applications in Catalysis
Authors: Sharma R. K. , Sharma Shivani , Dutta Sriparna , Zboril Radek , Gawande Manoj B.
Published: July 2015

Review: 184 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biological and Medicinal Significance of Benzofuran
Authors: Nevagi Reshma J. , Dighe Santosh N. , Dighe Satish N.
Published: July 2015

Review: 78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) from Traditional Uses to Potential Biomedical Applications
Authors: Mnif Sami , Aifa Sami
Published: July 2015

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Anticancer Chalcones: Structural and Molecular Target Perspectives
Authors: Mahapatra Debarshi Kar , Bharti Sanjay Kumar , Asati Vivek
Published: July 2015

Review: 273 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mesoscale Modelling of Environmentally Responsive Hydrogels: Emerging Applications
Authors: Yeh Peter D. , Alexeev Alexander
Published: July 2015

Review: 210 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Glyconanosynthons as Powerful Scaffolds and Building Blocks for the Rapid Construction of Multifaceted, Dense and Chiral Dendrimers
Authors: Roy Rene , Shiao Tze Chieh
Published: July 2015

Review: [55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dendritic Glycopolymers Based on Dendritic Polyamine Scaffolds: View on Their Synthetic Approaches, Characteristics and Potential for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Appelhans Dietmar , Klajnert‐Maculewicz Barbara , Janaszewska Anna , Lazniewska Joanna , Voit Brigitte
Published: July 2015

Review: 274 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supported Sulfonic Acids: Solid Catalysts for Batch and Continuous‐Flow Synthetic Processes
Authors: Piscopo Calogero G.
Published: July 2015

Review: [5 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Applications of Intramolecular Diels—Alder Reaction in Total Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Vavsari Vaezeh Fathi
Published: July 2015

Review: 141 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) Study of Benzimidazole Scaffold for Different Biological Activities: A Mini‐Review
Authors: Yadav Geeta , Ganguly Swastika
Published: July 2015

Review: 87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclic Scaffolds as Promising Anticancer Agents Against Tumors of the Central Nervous System: Exploring the Scope of Indole and Carbazole Derivatives
Authors: Sherer Chris , Snape Timothy J.
Published: July 2015

Review: 116 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioapplications of Hyperbranched Polymers
Authors: Wang Dali , Zhao Tianyu , Zhu Xinyuan , Yan Deyue , Wang Wenxin
Published: July 2015

Review: 347 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hyperbranched Polymers: Advances from Synthesis to Applications
Authors: Zheng Yaochen , Li Sipei , Weng Zhulin , Gao Chao
Published: July 2015

Review: 347 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in the Development of Sortase A Inhibitors as Novel anti‐Bacterial Virulence Agents
Authors: Guo Yuchuan , Cai Shuihong , Gu Guofeng , Guo Zhongwu , Long Zhongzhu
Published: July 2015

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: From Supramolecular Chirogenic Systems Towards Prospective Functional Materials
Authors: Victor Borovkov
Published: July 2015

Review: 10 refs.
Ionic Liquids as Size‐ and Shape‐Regulating Solvents for the Synthesis of Cobalt Nanoparticles
Authors: Essig Sarah , Behrens Silke
Published: July 2015

Over the last few years, ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as an important class of reaction media for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The formation and stabilization of nanoparticles was investigated in different ILs to elucidate the effect of the chemical nature of the IL anion, cation and alkyl side chain of the imidazolium. In this context, Co2(CO)8 was employed as a precursor and thermally decomposed to the metallic cobalt nanoparticles in a series of selected ILs, where either the IL cation or anion was varied while keeping all of the other parameters constant. The results show that both the molecular volume of the anion and cation and the steric configuration are important aspects to control the formation and stability of nanoparticles in ILs.
TMSCl Promoted Direct sp3 C‐H Alkenylation to Construct (E)‐2‐Styryl‐tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazoles
Authors: Cao Chengqiao , Wang Wenbin , Zhang Fan , Huang Nianyu , Zou Kun
Published: July 2015

A high‐efficient and stereo‐specific approach for the preparation of biologically important (E)‐2‐styryl‐tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazoles has been developed via TMSCl promoted direct sp3 C‐H alkenylation of 2‐methyl‐5,6‐dihydrobenzo[d]thiazol‐7(4H)‐one under metal‐free conditions. Seventeen target compounds were synthesized in excellent yields of 82% –98% under the optimal conditions of 300 mol% TMSCl at 110°C for 2 h, and their chemical structures were elucidated by IR, NMR, ESI‐MS, elemental analyses and X‐ray crystallography analysis. A plausible mechanism was also proposed, and this method provided a good functional group conversion for the sp3 C‐H substrates.
Preparation of ZSM‐5 Coated on Monolithic Interconnected Macroporous Al2O3 Using Cheap n‐Butylamine as Template
Authors: Sun Mingliang , Zhao Tianbo , Wang Jia , Ma Zhaofei , Li Fengyan
Published: July 2015

Using cheap n‐butylamine as template, ZSM‐5 zeolites have been successfully synthesized and coated on monolithic interconnected macroporous Al2O3 by the secondary growth method. The use of cheap n‐butylamine could significantly reduce the synthesis cost. Hierarchical monolithic ZSM‐5 zeolites were prepared from synthetic mixtures with different H2O/Na2O or SiO2/Al2O3 ratio. The synthesized samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and N2 adsorption‐desorption. The results show that the hierarchical monolithic zeolites were obtained with cheap n‐butylamine template as template. During the hydrothermal reaction process, the morphology of the micrometer‐sized support was well maintained. The irregular crystals were formed in a wide range of the H2O/Na2O or SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of synthetic mixtures and coated on monolithic Al2O3. The relative crystallinity of the zeolites was highest at H2O/Na2O=250 or SiO2/Al2O3=160. This type of composites exhibited hierarchical porous structures and relatively high specific surface areas.
N′‐Alkylaminosulfonyl Analogues of 6‐Fluorobenzylideneindolinones with Desirable Physicochemical Profiles and Potent Growth Inhibitory Activities on Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Xiao , Yang Tianming , Deivasigamani Amudha , Shanmugam Muthu K. , Hui Kam‐Man , Sethi Gautam , Go Mei‐Lin
Published: July 2015

The benzylideneindolinone 6‐chloro‐3‐(3′‐trifluoromethylbenzylidene)‐1,3‐dihydroindol‐2‐one (4) was reported to exhibit potent and selective growth inhibitory effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Corroborative evidence supported multi‐receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibition as a possible mode of action. However, the poor physicochemical properties of 4 limited its furtherance as a lead compound. In this study, the modification of 4 was investigated with the aim of improving its potency and physicochemical profile. The 6‐fluorobenzylideneindolinone 3‐12 bearing a 3′‐N‐propylaminosulfonyl substituent was found to be a promising substitute. Compound 3‐12 [6‐fluoro‐3‐(3′‐N‐propylaminosulfonylbenzylidene)‐1,3‐dihydroindol‐2‐one] was found to be tenfold more soluble than 4 and to have sub‐micromolar growth inhibitory activities on HCC cells. It is apoptogenic and inhibits the phosphorylation of several RTKs in HuH7, of which the inhibition of FGFR4 and HER3 are prominent. Compound 3‐12 decreased the tumor load in a physiologically relevant orthotopic HCC xenograft murine model. Structure–activity relationships support pivotal roles for the fluoro and N′‐propylaminosulfonyl moieties in enhancing cell‐based activity and moderating the physicochemical profile (solubility, permeability) of 3‐12.
Opioids and breast cancer recurrence: A Danish population‐based cohort study
Authors: Cronin‐Fenton Deirdre P. , Heide‐Jørgensen Uffe , Ahern Thomas P. , Lash Timothy L. , Christiansen Peer M. , Ejlertsen Bent , Sjøgren Per , Kehlet Henrik , Sørensen Henrik T.
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND

Opioids may alter immune function, thereby potentially affecting cancer recurrence. The authors investigated the association between postdiagnosis opioid use and breast cancer recurrence.

METHODS

Patients with incident, early stage breast cancer who were diagnosed during 1996 through 2008 in Denmark were identified from the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group Registry. Opioid prescriptions were ascertained from the Danish National Prescription Registry. Follow‐up began on the date of primary surgery for breast cancer and continued until breast cancer recurrence, death, emigration, 10 years, or July 31, 2013, whichever occurred first. Cox regression models were used to compute hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals associating breast cancer recurrence with opioid prescription use overall and by opioid type and strength, immunosuppressive effect, chronic use (≥6 months of continuous exposure), and cumulative morphine‐equivalent dose, adjusting for confounders.

RESULTS

In total, 34,188 patients were identified who, together, contributed 283,666 person‐years of follow‐up. There was no association between ever‐use of opioids and breast cancer recurrence (crude hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.90‐1.1; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.92‐1.1), regardless of opioid type, strength, chronicity of use, or cumulative dose. Breast cancer recurrence rates were lower among users of strongly (but not weakly) immunosuppressive opioids, possibly because of channeling bias among those with a high competing risk, because mortality was higher among users of this drug type.

CONCLUSIONS

This large, prospective cohort study provided no clinically relevant evidence of an association between opioid prescriptions and breast cancer recurrence. The current findings are important to cancer survivorship, because opioids are frequently used to manage pain associated with comorbid conditions. Cancer 2015;121:3435–43. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Correct metric semantics for a language inspired by DNA computing
Authors: Ciobanu Gabriel , Todoran Eneia Nicolae
Published: July 2015

We investigate a language similar to a process algebra introduced by Cardelli for DNA computing. For such a language, we relate two formal semantics. We define a new denotational semantics by using complete metric spaces, in which various semantic functions are defined as fixed points of appropriate higher‐order mappings. We compare this denotational semantics with an operational semantics and establish a formal relationship between them by using an abstraction operator and a fixed point argument. In this way, we prove the correctness of the denotational semantics with respect to the operational one. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Step‐by‐Step Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly Using 1,2,3‐Triazole as a Platform for Controlled Multicharged and Multifunctional Coatings
Authors: Godeau Guilhem , Darmanin Thierry , Guittard Frédéric
Published: July 2015

Reported for the first time is the use of click chemistry to make layer‐by‐layer multiple post‐functionalization treatments. The use of triazole as a platform for the post‐functionalization allows the introduction of new clickable structures on the surface. The layer‐by‐layer strategy by means of click chemistry allows the introduction of both multiple and/or different consecutive modifications on the surface and multicharged species. Herein it consists of the use of molecules functionalized by a 1‐azido group and propargyl bromide to deposit functionalized triazolium‐type charged oligomers on the substrate. Moreover, different functional groups can be introduced at each step, which amplifies the use of this strategy for many potential applications. Here, to give an example of applications, that strategy is used to introduce alkyl chains and obtain highly hydrophobic materials. Moreover, it is shown that the surface morphology can also change after each treatment.
Kinetic and Theoretical Studies of Beta‐Lactone Reactivity—A Quantitative Scale for Biological Application
Authors: Wiedemann Elija N. , Mandl Franziska A. , Blank Iris D. , Ochsenfeld Christian , Ofial Armin R. , Sieber Stephan A.
Published: July 2015

Natural products comprise a rich source for bioactive molecules with medicinal relevance. Many of these contain electrophilic scaffolds that bind conserved enzyme active sites covalently. Prominent examples include beta‐lactams and beta‐lactones, which specifically acylate serine residues in diverse peptidases. Although these scaffolds appear similar, their bioactivities and corresponding protein targets vary. To quantify and dissect these differences in bioactivities, the kinetics of the reactions of beta‐butyrolactone with a set of reference amines in buffered aqueous solution at 37 °C have been analyzed. Different product ratios of C1 versus C3 attack on the beta‐butyrolactone have been observed, depending on the aliphatic or aromatic nature of the standard amine used. Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations reveal that a H3O+ molecule has a crucial role in stabilizing C3 attack by aniline, through coordination of the lactone ring oxygen. In agreement with their weak proteome reactivity, monocyclic beta‐lactams did not react with the set of standard nucleophiles studied herein. Bicyclic beta‐lactams, however, exhibited a lower activation barrier, and thus, reacted with standard nucleophiles. This study represents a starting point for semiquantitative reactivity scales for natural products, which, in analogy to chemical reactivity scales, will provide predictions for electrophilic modifications in biological systems.
Thermodynamically Favorable Conversion of Hydrogen Sulfide into Valuable Products through Reaction with Sodium Naphthalenide
Authors: Li Xuemin , Morrish Rachel M. , Yang Yuan , Wolden Colin A. , Yang Yongan
Published: July 2015

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an extremely hazardous chemical waste that is generated at large scale in many industries; its abatement has long been an energy‐extensive and cost‐ineffective liability due to the thermodynamic limitations of the selected approaches and low value of the final products, sulfur and water. Here we introduce an attractive method for H2S abatement that yields value‐added products via a thermodynamically favorable process. Specifically, sodium naphthalenide (Na‐NAP) is used to capture H2S to produce anhydrous Na2S nanocrystals and 1,4‐dihydronaphthalene, which are important materials for batteries and liquid fuels, respectively. This multipurpose process is driven by the acid/base neutralization reaction between hydrogen cations from H2S and radical anions from naphthalenide. It is spontaneous and irreversible at ambient temperature and pressure, proceeding to completion very rapidly.
Synthesis of BiVO4@C Core–Shell Structure on Reduced Graphene Oxide with Enhanced Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Sun Zhihua , Li Chenzhe , Zhu Shenmin , Cho Maenghyo , Chen Zhixin , Cho Kyeongjae , Liao Yongliang , Yin Chao , Zhang Di
Published: July 2015

Herein, a facile strategy for the controllable synthesis of BiVO4@C core–shell nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is reported. The BiVO4 particle size can be controlled in the process by adjusting the volume ratio of glycerol in the sol–gel solution. The glycerol layers adsorbed on BiVO4 (BiVO4@glycerol) made it possible to form hydrogen bonds between BiVO4@glycerol and graphene oxide with the assistance of ultrasound. After thermal treatment, glycerol adsorbed on the BiVO4 particles formed amorphous carbon shells to link the particles and RGO. As a result, the obtained RGO‐BiVO4@C nanocomposite showed a five times higher rate in O2 evolution from water under visible‐light irradiation. Also, it demonstrated a six times higher photocatalytic performance enhancement than that of pure BiVO4 in the degradation of Rhodamine B. The enhanced performance is attributed to the carbon shells that restrict the growth of BiVO4, the reduced graphene oxide that improves the electronic conductivity of the composite, and importantly, the bonds formed between the carbon shells and RGO that reduce the recombination loss of photogenerated charges effectively. The strategy is simple, effective, and can be extended to other ternary oxides with controlled size and high performance.
Reduced Graphene Oxide Bipolar Membranes for Integrated Solar Water Splitting in Optimal pH
Authors: McDonald Michael B. , Bruce Jared P. , McEleney Kevin , Freund Michael S.
Published: July 2015

The integration of light absorbers and catalysts for the water splitting process requires a membrane capable of both ion and electron management and product separation to realize efficient solar fuels systems. Bipolar membranes can maintain a pH gradient for optimal reaction conditions by the dissociation of water. Such membranes that contain graphene in the interfacial layer are fabricated by the chemical reduction of a uniformly deposited graphene oxide layer to convert sp3 catalyst regions to sp2 conductive regions. The resulting electrical and water dissociation properties are optimized by adjusting the exposure conditions, and treatments of less than 5 min render an interface that exceeds the conductivity requirements for integrated solar water splitting and increases the overpotential by <0.3 V. Integration with photoelectrodes is examined by characterizing the electrical interface formed between graphene and Si microwires, and we found that efficient Ohmic junctions are possible.
Efficient channel assignment method for multimedia traffic in wireless mesh networks
Authors: Pounambal M. , Krishna P. Venkata
Published: July 2015

In wireless mesh networks, the availability of spectrum should be utilized efficiently because the exchanging of traffic rate of multimedia applications is increasing day to day. The traffic of multimedia content may degrade the network performance in terms of high packet loss and throughput degradation because of asynchronous behavior between the sender and the receiver. The proposed Efficient Channel Reservation and Assignment (EchRA) results in successful originating and handing off of multimedia call transmissions using the four dimensional Markov chain process. The EChRA algorithm, proposed in this paper, achieves the maximum throughput performance considering the parameters of blocking probability, dropping probability, and synchronized dwell time between the source and destination. The quality of service is guaranteed by sharing the available slots and by using efficient queuing model to service the incoming and handoff calls, and henceforth, the successful completion of handoff calls rate is increased. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.