bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glacier Dynamics around Slieve Bloom, Central Ireland
Authors: Gallagher Colman
Published: January 2024

Analyses of both till and glacioaqueous sedimentary fabrics and their lithological characteristics have been carried out on sediments sampled at eight sites located around the northern margin and piedmont of Slieve Bloom. Results indicate that Slieve Bloom was overtopped by ice (lowing locally from between the south-south-west and west. The pattern of ice (low indicated by the sedimentary fabrics, the presence in the glacigenic sediments of a distinctive variety of Galway granite and the spatial variability of limestone in these sediments indicate that this local flow direction resulted from the deflection to the north-north-east of ice (lowing from the west. As the most widely accepted ice flow model for this region during the last glaciation requires ice (low to have been from between north-north-west and north-north-east, the results presented in this paper have important implications for the modelling of regional ice (low in the Irish midlands during the last glaciation.
Nature, chronostratigraphy and origin of late Holocene coastal sands at Portrush, Co. Antrim
Authors: Wilson Peter , Braley Sharon M.
Published: January 2024

Detailed analyses of a small exposure in coastal sands at Portrush. Co. Antrim, have yielded data that enable inferences concerning the origin and depositional history of the sands to be made. Site location, elevation, grain-size characteristics, and 14C dating, along with data from a nearby site, combine to suggest that the basal sands at Portrush may result from marine processes during extreme events. The overlying sands are probably aeolian. reworked from the underlying marine sand, and contain buried organic-rich horizons that indicate sand depositional phases alternated with stability phases during which vegetation colonisation and pedogenesis occurred. These data have reinforced recently acquired evidence of a complex pattern of origin and age structure for sands between Portstewart and Portrush that were considered previously as mid-Holocene aeolian deposits. The multi-source, multi-phase depositional history of the Portstewart-Portrush sands has implications for studies of more substantial coastal sand accumulations in which assessment of small-scale spatial variability in stratigraphy, grain-size and pedogenic characteristics may provide evidence for a more complex evolution than hitherto suspected.
An analysis of summer sun tourists – outbound package holidays from Dublin Airport
Authors: Corcoran Lorraine M. , Gillmor Desmond A. , Kilien James E.
Published: January 2024

This paper is a study based on a questionnaire survey directed to package holiday-makers leaving Dublin Airport in summer for sun destinations. A profile of the respondents is established first. Consideration of the destinations and components of the holiday is followed by an investigation of the booking process. Influences affecting the choice of holiday are explored. Possible relationships between the holiday destination, the holiday choice and booking processes and the previous package holiday experiences are tested.
Effects of fertiliser N and slurry on nitrate leaching – lysimeter studies on 5 soils
Authors: Ryan Michael , Fanning Aidan
Published: January 2024

The results of a two-year lysimeter investigation into the effects of fertiliser nitrogen (N) combined with pig or cattle slurry applied in winter or early spring on nitrate (NO3-N) leaching are presented. Soil type, fertiliser N and a combination of fertiliser plus slurry N affected concentrations of NO3-N in the drainage water. Peak concentrations were recorded usually in the December-February period. In the drainage water the maximum admissible concentration (MAC) of NO33-N for drinking water was breached to the greatest degree by pig slurry (Year 2) applied in November (117 kg per hectare) combined with fertiliser N (300 kg per hectare).
Effects of Depth Phases of the Clonroche Soil Series and Farming Skill on Spring Barley Yields
Authors: Conry Michael J. , Hegarty A.
Published: January 2024

This study was carried out in the south-east of Ireland (Co. Wexford) over a four-year period (1984-7) to determine the factors responsible for the variation in yield of spring barley obtained by growers whose farms were situated on the Clonroche Soils Series. The results show that the level of management skills had a significant effect (P<0.00l Jon yield variance in all four years. The mean difference in yield over the four-year period between the most skilled growers (Class 1) and the least skilled growers (Class 3) was 1.13 t/ha. Soil depth differences within the Clonroche Series gave significant difference (P<0.001) in yield only in 1984. when the soil moisture stress was sufficiently great to expose the difference in moisture-holding capacities of the three depth phases within the Series. Key Index Words: Clonroche Soils Series, yields, management skills.
The Contemporary Geography of Indigenous Irish Livestock
Authors: Yarwood Richard , Evans Nick , Higginbottom Julie
Published: January 2024

Livestock farming is an important part of agriculture in both Northern Ireland and the Republic. However, whilst many geographers have studied changes in the numbers of Irish livestock, there has been little consideration given to the contemporary distribution of different breeds of domestic farm animals in Ireland. Recent theoretical debate has encouraged geographers to consider the ways in which animals can reflect cultural differences between and within places. Drawing on these ideas, this paper examines agricultural livestock which are indigenous to Ireland and considers how they reflect changes in the rural economy. It uses secondary data gathered from appropriate herd books to examine temporal and spatial changes in Irish livestock and. in particular, breeds which have been classified as rare. Data from a recent survey of livestock owners are used to explain these differences.
Reviews of Books
Authors: Sweeney John , Quigley Michael , Cawley Mary , O'Connor Patrick J. , Breathnach Proinnsias
Published: January 2024

READING THE IRISH LANDSCAPE, by Frank Mitchell & Michael Ryan. Dublin: Town House, 1997. 392pp. IR£ 18.99. ISBN 1-86059-055-1. Reviewd by JOHN SWEENEY.SEEKING A PARTNERSHIP TOWARDS MANAGING IRELAND'S UPLANDS, edited by D.Hogan and A.Phillips. Cleggan, Co.Galway: Irish Uplands Forum, 1996. IR£5.95. No ISBN. Reviewd by MICHAEL QUIGLEYPOVERTY IN RURAL IRELAND: A POLITICAL ECONOMY PERSPECTIVE, edited by Chris Curtin, Trutz Haase and Hilary Tovey. Dublin: Oak Tree Press in association with Combat Poverty Agency, 1996. IR£12.95. 321pp. ISBN 1-86076-031-7. Reviewd by MARY CAWLEYDONEGAL: HISTORY & SOCIETY, INTERDISCIPLINARY ESSAYS ON THE HISTORY OF AN IRISH COUNTY, edited by Liam Ronayne, William Nolan and Mairead Dunleavy. Dublin: Geography Publications, 1995. 900pp. IR£40.00. ISBN 0 906602 45 9, and GALWAY: HISTORY & SOCIETY, INTERDISCIPLINARY ESSAYS ON THE HISTORY OF AN IRISH COUNTY, edited by Ray Gillespie and Gerard Mo. an. Dublin: Geography Publications, 1996. 900pp. IR£40.00. ISBN 0 906602 50 5. Reviewd by PATRICK J. O'CONNORCEIST NA TEANGA SA DAONÁIREAMH/ THE LANGUAGE QUESTION IN THE CENSUS OF POPULATION, by Micheal Ó Gliasáin. Research Report 21, Dublin: Institiúid Teangeola´ochta Éireann/ The Linguistics Institute or Ireland, 1996. 33+33pp. IR£5.00. ISBN 0 946542 89 X. Reviewd by PROINNSIAS BREATHNACH
Heritage and Tourism in Ireland -an unholy alliance?
Authors: McManus Ruth
Published: January 2024

With the opening of the long-awaited Boyne Valley Centre in Summer 1997. the time has perhaps come to reassess the relationship between heritage and tourism in Ireland. In recent years, particularly since the start of the 1990s, there has been considerable debate and controversy about heritage issues, illustrating a high degree of public interest in the Held. This paper outlines the main features of heritage, its importance to the Irish tourism industry, and some of the issues which arise when heritage is developed for tourism purposes. It considers recent developments in the Boyne Valley as an illustration of current approaches to heritage management issues.
Land Leasing in Rural Ireland - some empirical findings from the south-east
Authors: Jenkins William
Published: January 2024

The area of leased land in Ireland has increased over the postwar period, especially in the south-east region. Geographical aspects of the demand for rented land in part of this region are examined, as well as factors influencing supply. In the study area of Slieveardagh, County Tipperary. the outcomes differed with regard to bio-physical endowment. In the lowland limestone areas, commercial tillage farmers and other non-local farmers were predominant in the market for rented land. In the upland shale area, local small farmers were more active in securing extra grassland to keep their farms viable. A significant amount of land for leasing was provided by elderly, incomplete families, labelled here as ‘terminal households’. It is possible only to speculate about the possible impact of recent EU incentives to promote long-term leasing and early retirement in a locality such as Slieveardagh.
Reviews of Books
Authors: Tomlinson Roy , Mills Gerald , Hennessy Mark , Horner Arnold
Published: January 2024

GLOBAL CHANGE AND THE IRISH ENVIRONMENT, edited by John Sweeney. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy and Irish Committee for International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, 1997. 170pp. IR£10.00pb. ISBN 1 874045 50 X. Reviewed by ROY TOMLINSONCLIMATES OF THE BRITISH ISLES: PRESENT, PAST AND FUTURE, edited by Mike Hulme and Elaine Barrow. London: Routledge, 1997. 439pp. £17.99stg. ISBNO- 415-13017-4(pb). REGIONAL CLIMATES OF THE BRITISH ISLES, edited by Dennis Wheeler and Julian Mayes. London: Routledge, 1997. 343pp. £17.99stg. ISBN 0-415- 13931-7 (pb). Reviewed by GERALD MILLSPROPERTY OWNERSHIP AND URBAN AND VILLAGE IMPROVEMENT IN PROVINCIAL IRELAND c. 1700-1845, by Lindsay Proudfoot. [British] Historical Geography Research Group, Historical Geography Research Series, No.33,1997. 105pp. £7.95stg. ISBN I 87007415 7. Reviewed by MARK HENNESSYDOWNPATRICK, by Ronald Buchanan and Anthony Wilson. Fascicle No.8, Irish Historic Towns Atlas, edited by A. Simms, H.B. Clarke and R. Gillespie. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy, 1997. 16pp. text+ 8 maps+2 plates. IR£18.00. ISBN 0-874045-33-X. Reviewed by MARK HENNESSYTHEM AND US?: ATTITUDINAL VARIATION AMONG CHURCHGOERS IN BELFAST, by Frederick W. Boal, Margaret C. Keane and David N. Livingstone. Belfast: Institute of Irish Studies, Insight Series No.l, 1997. 240pp. ISBN 0-85389- 679-8. Reviewed by ARNOLD HORNER
Reviews of Maps and Mapping
Authors: Buttimer Anne
Published: January 2024

ATLAS OF THE IRISH RURAL LANDSCAPE, edited by F.H.A. Aalen, Kevin Whelan and Matthew Stout. Cork: Cork University Press, 1997. 352pp. IR£35.00. ISBN 1-85918-095-7.
Landscape and Life: Appropriate Scales for Sustainable Development
Authors: Buttimcr Anne
Published: January 2024

Defining sustainable development as the challenge of continuously balancing economic, social and ecological values, a European research project sought lessons from experiences of a forty-year period to frame criteria of appropriate scale for contextually-sensitive environmental policy. A network of case studies conducted by partner teams in Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands and Sweden examined changes of scale in the territorial, functional and socio-political contexts of life and landscape between 1950-1990. Themes central to the project included landscape transformations, tensions among area- and sector-based ways of life (genres tie vie), and changing horizons of discretionary reach. With illustrations drawn mainly from the Irish case studies in Tipperary, this paper describes some regional differences in response to external—policy and market-driven—influences. Implications for cross-cultural research and the framing of contextually-sensitive environmental policy are outlined, and suggestions made for their modulation through European Union, national, regional, and local levels.
Colluvial processes and soil variation at field boundaries in County Down
Authors: McEntee Michael A.
Published: January 2024

In fields on slopes, colluvium can accumulate against a field bank so that the surface of the eroded field is at a higher level than the field immediately downslope. This creates a drop down from the upper field to the lower. These features, step-like in cross section, form during cultivation and survive in land that has reverted to pasture without the normal restoration of soil upslope being undertaken. The presence of such a deposit distorts the downslope pattern of moisture movement in that a component of this flow is now towards the field bank from which it often seeps. To ascertain if the formation and survival of these colluvium deposits can affect soil property variation, a study was carried out in three fields at three different sites in mid-County Down. Data on organic carbon, pH. pyrophosphate extractable iron, dithionite extractable iron and mass specific magnetic susceptibility were obtained from detailed sampling often profiles located at approximately ten metre intervals downslope in each field. These data were examined graphically. Results show that downslope changes in soil properties are influenced by surface wash, as well as by the development of a saturated wedge and longer soil moisture residence times, following the alteration of pathways of moisture movement, in the vicinity of the colluvial deposits.
Reviews of books
Authors: Waterman Stanley , Andrews J. H. , Nolan William , Davies Gordon L. Herries , Cawley Mary
Published: January 2024

IN SEARCH OF IRELAND: A CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY, edited by Brian Graham. London and New York, Routledge, 1997. 240pp. £15.99stg. ISBN 0 415 15008 6. DOING IRISH LOCAL HISTORY: PURSUIT AND PRACTICE, edited by Raymond Gillespie and Myrtle Hill. Belfast: Institute of Irish Studies, Queen's University of Belfast, 1998. 147pp. £8.50stg. ISBN 0 85389 676 3. Reviewed by STANLEY WATERMAN.DOING IRISH LOCAL HISTORY: PURSUIT AND PRACTICE, edited by Raymond Gillespie and Myrtle Hill. Belfast: Institute of Irish Studies, Queen's University of Belfast, 1998. 147pp. £8.50stg. ISBN 0 85389 676 3. Reviewd by J.H. ANDREWS.A FLOW OF FEELING, by Patrick J. O'Connor. Newcastle West: Oireacht na Mumhan Books, 1997. 66pp. IR£6.95pb. ISBN 0 951218492pb. Reviewed by WILLIAM NOLAN.SCIENCE AND SOCIETY IN IRELAND: THE SOCIAL CONTEXT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN IRELAND 1800–1950, edited by Peter J. Bowler and Nicholas Whyte. Belfast: Institute of Irish Studies, Queen's University of Belfast, 1997. £8.50stg. ISBN 0 85389 669 0. Reviewed by HERRIES DAVIES.FARMING SINCE THE FAMINE: IRISH FARM STATISTICS 1847–1996, compiled by the Central Statistics Office. Dublin: Stationery Office, 1997. 408pp. IR£20.00. ISBN 0 7076 1813 4. Reviewed by MARY CAWLEY.
The survival of archaeological monuments: Trends and attitudes
Authors: O'Sullivan Muiris , Kennedy Laurence
Published: January 2024

This paper describes a Study in two parts. The first records the percentage of archaeological monuments destroyed in a pilot area in county Meath over a quarter of a century from 1969 until 1995. The second presents an analysis of farmers' altitudes to archaeological features, and their knowledge of the legal issues relating lo archaeology on the farm. The first part of the study points to a major and accelerating problem. The second, by highlighting differences between farming sub-groups, has the potential to indicate how the problem might be addressed.
A reconstruction of Pleistocene ice sheet limits in Slieve Bloom using heavy minerals
Authors: Gallagher Column
Published: January 2024

The results of a regional study of alluvial heavy minerals are presented. From them the pattern of incursion of lowland ice into Slieve Bloom is reconstructed. The distribution of alluvial heavy minerals, used in conjunction with the previously reported characteristics of both tills and glaciofluvial sediments, allows both a detailed reconstruction of glacial deposition and insights into the effects of changing subglacial topography on the thermal regime of the ice that crossed the central midlands to be made.
Townscape as text: the topography of social interaction in Fethard, county Tipperary, AD 1300-1700
Authors: O'Keeffe Tadhg
Published: January 2024

Social order within medieval towns was simultaneously created by and reflected in the macro-scale structuring of the townscape and the micro-scale structuring of the buildings within it. Observed changes in the layout and architecture of towns through the medieval and early modern periods reflect changes in the practices of social interaction. This matter is explored in this paper in the context of Fethard. county Tipperary, where medieval fabric is exceptionally well-preserved.
Reviews of Maps and Mapping
Authors: Killen James E. , Horner Arnold , Ferguson Paul
Published: January 2024

BRAY, by K.M.Davies. Fascicle No.9, Irish Historic Towns Atlas, edited by Anngret Simms, H.B.Clarke and Raymond Gillespie. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy, 1998. 16pp. Text + 3 plates. IR£18.00. ISBN 1 874045-64-X. Reviewed by JAMES E. KILLENTHE A to Z of GEORGIAN DUBLIN: JOHN ROCQUE'S MAPS OF THE CITY IN 1756 AND THE COUNTY IN 1760, edited and indexed by Paul Ferguson. Introduction by J.H.Andrews. Published by Harry Margary, Lympne Castle, Kent, in association with Trinity College Library, Dublin. 1998. 77pp. IR£25.00. ISBN 0 903541-48-3. Reviewed by ARNOLD HORNERA BRIEF HISTORY AND COMPENDIUM OF SURVEY COMPANY C.O.E., by Sgt. Michael Meehan. Published by the author, Dublin. 1999. 60pp, illus. Reviewed by PAUL FERGUSON
The Scheme of Early Retirement from Farming in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Gillmor Desmond A.
Published: January 2024

There is a rigid agrarian structure in Ireland. An opportunity to promote greater land mobility was provided by the 1992 EU CAP Reform Accompanying Measure relating to farmer retirement and this has been implemented in Ireland through the Scheme of Early Retirement from Farming (ERS). The characteristics of the EU and Irish policies are outlined, Over X000 farmers have participated in the ERS during the period 1994–1998. Adoption levels are highest in the south and lowest in the west and north-west. Various aspects of the F.RS are discussed, including some which have detracted from its effectiveness and interrelationships with other schemes.
The "Building Parson" - The role of Reverend David Hall in the solution of Ireland's early twentieth-century housing problems
Authors: McManus Ruth
Published: January 2024

The analysis of the role of decision makers in the creation of the urban landscape, often Government or local authorities, lends to suggest a powerful, monolithic and impersonal body at work. However, sometimes just one person can be the catalyst for a whole new way of doing things. This paper is concerned with the work and influence of a man whose role in the solution of Ireland's housing problems has been almost forgotten, yet his impact was profound. The work of the first operational public utility society in Ireland is examined, indicating some of its links to the garden city movement. It is argued that the influence of this St Barnabas public utility society, and its founder, the Reverend David Henry Hall, was far greater than might be suggested by the small number of houses which it built. It is also suggested that the role of public utility societies as agents in housing provision throughout Ireland was far greater than has been heretofore recognised.
The Tiger Stirring: Aspects of commuting in the Republic of Ireland 1981–1996
Authors: Horner Arnold
Published: January 2024

This article reviews, with particular attention to cities and towns, travel to work data collected at censuses of population held in the Republic of Ireland between 1981 and 1996. Notwithstanding certain data limitations, among them the uncertainties associated with a significant ‘not stated’ component, some clear trends are discernible. There has been a significant and widely-spread increase in car-based, longer-distance commuting, to such extent that across the stale in 1996 some 20 percent of persons at work commuted ten miles or more. Cities, particularly Dublin, intensified and expanded their hinterland impact during the eighties and early nineties. While must county and sub-regional centres still have a very significant proportion of their resident population working locally, this group now co-exists with a growing population of longer-distance commuters. The implications of these developments are discussed briefly, with particular reference to the ‘sustainability debate’.
Landscape or Mindscape? Seamus Heaney's Bogs
Authors: Meredith Dianne
Published: January 2024

In the tradition of literary geography, Seamus Heaney's poetical descriptions of bogs are examined in terms of how closely his imagery fits the physical reality of the landscape itself, While studies in vegetational succession and geomorphology mas help to explain the origin and development of bogs, both in Ireland and worldwide, humanistic geography also considers place-creation to be subjective, based on landscape perceptions which take into account cultural responses as well as purely environmental factors. Poetic license may stretch description of a regional landscape beyond (he confines of measurable reality, bringing to light a stronger objectivity, inclusive not only of the physical environment, but also of the social, psychological, and the historical climate.
Rejuvenating docklands: The Irish context
Authors: Moore Niamh
Published: January 2024

Irish planning legislation has traditionally emphasised control at the expense of development. In response to widespread dereliction spreading across the city in the early 1980s, a shift in policy direction became imperative. The Urban Renewal Act, introduced in 1986, marked a new departure in Irish planning practice signalling a more pro-active approach to development. This paper charts the evolution of planning policy from the 1960s to the present day, and illustrates the impact of such policy change with reference to Dublin Docklands. It is suggested that in addition to the encouragement of physical and economic regeneration, urban renewal policy forced a re-assessment of the role and operation of the local authority, Dublin Corporation.
A three-century storm climatology for Dublin 1715–2000
Authors: Sweeney John
Published: January 2024

A need to quantify belter the hazard posed by storms in Ireland exists, particularly during a lime of imminent climate change. To assist this, a rudimentary storm chronology lor the Dublin region was constructed for the period 1715- 2000 using documentary and instrumental records. The former, using early newspapers and other weather catalogues, indicates a period of marked storm activity in the early eighteenth century which corresponds to the later stages of the Little Ice Age in Ireland. Instrumental records, though also imperfect, suggest that the twentieth century had a number of stormy intervals, particularly in the 1920s, 1960s and early 1990s. These were probably comparable to the early eighteenth century in storm frequency and severity. A clear link between storm frequency and cyclonic synoptic circulation types was established, with stormy decades evident at times of high frequencies of Jenkinson-Lamb cyclonic types. Preliminary analysis of some of the most severe storms indicated that rapid deepening of sometimes quite small wave depressions close to Ireland are the most common occurrence, though this may not have been so in the past. An expectation of increases in storm activity in the vicinity of Ireland exists for the medium term as global warming proceeds, though in the longer term a decline in vigour of the westerly circulation can be anticipated.
The practice of improvement in the Irish context — The Castle Caldwell estate in county Fermanagh in the second half of the eighteenth century
Authors: Busteed Mervyn
Published: January 2024

This paper discusses the eighteenth-century concept of improvement as applied on the estate of Sir James and Sir John Caldwell during the forty years from the early 1750s to the early 1790s. It sets the idea of improvement against the background of the Anglo-Irish situation in Ireland and. using material from Caldwell family archives, shows how in Ireland the concept, though largely derived from English and European ideas, took on significant additional overtones.
Turning a world upside down: The metamorphosis of property, settlement and society in the city of Cork during the 1640s and 1650s
Authors: McCarthy Mark
Published: January 2024

The so-called 'general crisis' of the middle of the seventeenth century affected many areas throughout Europe and proved to be one of the most turbulent periods in its historical geography. This paper seeks to investigate how Cork was transformed radically by the political upheavals of the 1640s and 1650s. In exploring the geography of this trauma, it will be shown how large-scale territorial reorganisation of ethnic groups occurred in the city as a result of the expulsion of the Catholic and Irish inhabitants in 1644 (and on a number of occasions afterwards), and their replacement by New English Protestant settlers. In spite of the fact that King Charles II was restored to the English throne in 1660, the walled city area continued to remain a space of exclusion for most of the old Catholic inhabitants.
The Tail of the Tiger: Experiences and perceptions of unemployment and inactivity in Donegal
Authors: Shuttleworth Ian , Kitchin Rob , Shirlow Peter , MeDonagh John
Published: January 2024

The experiences and perceptions of registered and "hidden' unemployed people in Donegal are explored through an examination of survey data collected from 620 respondents between May and August 1997. This data set, consisting of both quantitative and qualitative information, is valuable because it explores unemployment and possible solutions from unemployed people's perspectives, and also investigates 'hidden' unemployment. It also provides some insights into social exclusion and the extent to which the 'Celtic Tiger' has benefited all parts of Irish society. Analyses are restricted to the quantitative aspects of the dataset and the discussion is divided into three main themes: labour market histories and experiences of unemployment; education and training; and perceptions of the labour market. In the last section of the paper the various findings are drawn together and summary recommendations are made concerning the actions that local agencies, as opposed to central Government, might undertake in order to tackle the causes and consequences of unemployment.
Changing life in the towns of north Kildare
Authors: Waddington Shelagh B.
Published: January 2024

This paper examines the growth and changes in population characteristics and lifestyle in three towns in north Kildare which have come increasingly within the influence of the Dublin Metropolitan area. The data used are primarily obtained from three surveys carried out in the towns during recent years and contrasts are made with previous work in the area. It is suggested that community life still exists in these towns but that the effects of proximity to Dublin are having ever greater impact on that life.
Reviews of Maps and Mapping
Authors: Andrews J. H.
Published: January 2024

MAPPING THE GREAT IRISH FAMINE: A SURVEY OF THE FAMINE DECADES, by Liam Kennedy, Paul S. Ell, E.M. Crawford and L.A. Clarkson. Dublin: Four Courts Press. 220pp. IR£39.50hbk; £19.95pbk. ISBN 1-85182-353-0hbk, l-85I82-357-3pbk. Reviewed by J.H. ANDREWS
Modelling the water budget of Ireland - evapotranspiration and soil moisture
Authors: Mills Gerald
Published: January 2024

The water budget is one of the most important exchange cycles within the earth-atmosphere system. When applied to a surface it accounts for the partition of precipitation into evapotranspiration. runoff and exchanges in soil-water storage. While there has been work published on some of these components, few have attempted to evaluate these within the context of the water budget. In this paper a simple model is applied to a 5x5km grid superimposed on the land area of Ireland. The model uses measured monthly values of meteorological variables (precipitation, temperature and sunshine hours) and databases of landuse and elevation to calculate each of the water budget terms. The results for the thirty year period 1961 -1 WO are presented and seem to conform to the known climate of the period.
Geographical regions in Ireland - Reflections at the Millennium
Authors: Horner Arnold
Published: January 2024

Fifty years after T.W. Freeman published Ireland: its physical, historical, social and economic geography, this article reviews the issue of dividing Ireland into regions, and proposes a 'first order" division into six major units based on a mix of landscape and lifestyle characteristics. An initial division between the city-regions and the area beyond, 'rural and small town Ireland', can by refined by identifying proto city-regions, more- and less-favoured rural regions, and regions where remoteness imposes constraints on lifestyle. Northern Ireland is seen as a distinct region because of its administrative identity and because widespread polarisations within communities pervasively influence lifestyle. Further sub-divisions based on local lifestyle and landscape can be applied to produce a total of twenty-six areal units. This style of regional division, which is largely independent of official or administrative influence, could be appropriate for describing some of the major regional contrasts prevailing in Ireland at the start of the twenty-first century.
A geographical perspective on the decline and extermination of the Irish wolf canis lupus - an initial assessment
Authors: Hickey Kieran R.
Published: January 2024

Wolves were a component of the Irish landscape until 1786 when the last one was killed. It had taken a concerted effort by Cromwell and his Government in Ireland to bring this about particularly through deforestation and landscape change, legislation, bounties and the efforts of a few professional wolf hunters. This paper estimates the wolf population in Ireland at three lime periods in the 1600s and examines how each of the forces already mentioned led to their eventual extermination. The 87 dated and documented wolf incidents which include wolf attacks on both animals and humans, wolf observations and the hunting and killing of wolves over the period 1560-1789 show both spatial and temporal variations.
Monuments, power and contested space— the iconography of Sackville Street (O'Connell Street) before independence (1922)
Authors: Whelan Yvonne
Published: January 2024

This paper explores the iconography of Dublin's central thoroughfare, O'Connell Street, formerly Sackville Street, as it evolved in the decades before Independence. Theoretically informed by recent developments in the fields of cultural and historical geography, it makes use of metaphors such as the city as text and the iconography of landscape. The paper focuses in particular on the role of public statuary in articulating issues of cultural and political identity in a city of contested space. The monuments erected on this street during the nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries capture in microcosm broader trends in public statuary whereby monuments were erected to express loyalty to Empire on the one hand and opposition to such imperial rule on the other. It is argued that these public statues provide the geographer with an important lens through which to explore the processes at work in shaping the city and which give tangible expression to often competing ideologies. A following paper will chart the iconography of O'Connell Street in the decades after 1922.
Community Transport in Northern Ireland - a policy review
Authors: Nutley Stephen
Published: January 2024

There has been a recent rejuvenation of community transport following the UK Government's new transport policy of 1998, and Northern Ireland's new Rural Transport Fund. The latter offers for the first time specific funding and integrated planning for community transport and public transport, at least in rural areas. Prior to this, the voluntary transport sector in Northern Ireland had been lagging behind that in Great Britain for various reasons. This paper discusses the nature of voluntary transport at community level, and reviews the wider UK policy background, before focusing on the situation in Northern Ireland, summarising the types of services available and the rapid rate of progress in rural areas between 1998 and 2000. There is now a prospect of some form of supplementary transport across the Province, but the potential demand is so great that much remains to be done.Key index words: community transport, Northern Ireland, mobility, disabled
Listing the Irish hills and mountains
Authors: Wilson Peter
Published: January 2024

Published lists of Irish hills and mountains are described and differences between them noted. Attention is drawn to potentially useful topographic information contained within the lists and where scope exists for other compilations.
Reviews of maps and atlases
Authors: Bartlett Darius , Andrews J. H.
Published: January 2024

COMPARATIVE SPATIAL DEPRIVATION IN IRELAND: A CROSS‐BORDER ANALYSIS, by Sally Cook, Michael A. Poole, Dennis G. Pringle and Adrian J. Moore. Dublin: Oak Tree Press, 2000.176pp text + 29pp colour maps. IR£21.95. ISBN 1 86076 158 5.COUNTY WICKLOW IN 1861. HEFFERNAN'S ILLUSTRATED PLAN OF WICKLOW, &c. Reduced from the Ordnance Survey. Commentary by K.M. Davies. Dublin: Wordwell. IR£6.50. ISBN 1 869857 42 9.BRAY IN 1870. HEFFERNAN'S ILLUSTRATED PLAN OF BRAY. Commentary by K.M. Davies. Dublin: Wordwell. IR£6.50. ISBN 1 869857 43 7.
Symbolising the state— the iconography of O'Connell Street and environs after independence (1922)
Authors: Whelan Yvonne
Published: January 2024

This paper explores the iconography of Dublin's central thoroughfare, O'Connell Street and its immediate environs in the decades following the establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922. It follows an earlier paper which examined the iconography of Sackville Street before Independence and turns the focus towards an analysis of the ways in which the street became a significant site for the cultural inscription of post-colonial national identity. It is argued that the erection of new monuments dedicated to the commemoration of the 1916 Rising, as well as the destruction of older imperial symbols, rendered visible the emergence of the newly independent Irish Free State. The paper charts this process of iconographical inscription but also argues that O'Connell Street as a totality has taken on greater symbolic significance than any of the monuments that line its centre. In conclusion the paper examines the contemporary iconography of the street and addresses the apparent transition from political sculpture to public art which has taken place in recent decades throughout the city.
The western suburb of medieval Dublin: Its first century
Authors: Duddy (OFM) Cathal
Published: January 2024

Situated to the west of the walled city, the western suburb of medieval Dublin was in its embryonic stages of development during the last decades of the twelfth and throughout the thirteenth century. The first signs of westward expansion were the laying out of burgage plots in the area immediately outside the western mural-gate, a response to growing pressure on space within the walled city. This new portal suburb experienced subdivision of plots soon afterwards. In contrast to the organic or piecemeal development of the portal suburb close to the city walls, an altogether more deliberate, systematic rural-to-urban colonization was envisioned for the whole western area perhaps as far as Kilmainham. The first move toward this planned development of a western suburb was to found St Thomas's Priory in this western area in 1177. Development was characterised by the granting of long narrow burgage plots on both sides of the central artery that ran westwards through the western area forming a linear suburb, the creation of parishes encompassing the newly laid-out plots and the appearance of urban traders who held these plots. Using a primary documentary source, the paper outlines the layout and character of the western suburb in this early developmental stage, and attempts to clarify the role of St Thomas' in this development.
Local partnerships for rural development: Ireland's experience in context
Authors: Moseley Malcolm J. , Cherrett Trevor , Cawley Mary
Published: January 2024

Ireland has one of the strongest records in Europe of using local partnerships to address the challenges of rural development. These include County Enterprise Boards, LEADER companies and Local Area Partnerships. This paper presents the results of recent survey research which compares the different types of Irish partnerships in terms of their origins, growth, activities and impacts, and assesses the Irish partnership experience within the context of research in seven other EU countries. Such a comparative approach provides insights which assume particular interest at a time when the Irish Government has adopted new initiatives to promote greater co-ordination of partnership activities at a county level.
The fate of phosphatic fertiliser applied to grassland
Authors: Culleton Noel , Coulte Brian , Liebhardt W. C.
Published: January 2024

Phosphorus is an essential element for healthy plant and animal growth. The soils of Ireland were very poor in phosphorus status in the 1950s. Repeated applications of phosphorus over the decades has resulted in the soil phosphorus levels rising from 1 to 9 mg/1 of soil. This paper assesses the fate of applied phosphatic fertiliser over a 30 year period on a grassland site that was rotationally grazed by beef animals for each grass growing season. The treatments were 0, 15 and 30 kg P/ha applied annually in spring. The amount of P that was exported in beef ranged from 6 percent to 20 percent suggesting that most of the P was still in the soil or lost via overland flow. The total loss of P fertiliser via overland flow over 30 years from plots with a Morgan's soil test of 6 and 17 mg/1 were 19 and 130 kg/ha, respectively. Mass balance studies showed over 75 percent of the applied P remained in the soil. A large portion of this phosphorus was accumulated near the soil surface.
The peripheralisation of office development in the Dublin metropolitan area- the interrelationship between planning and development interests
Authors: Bertz Sunnhild
Published: January 2024

The fourth office development boom in Dublin (1995-2000/2001) has had far-reaching consequences for the pattern of office development in the metropolitan area. The hallmark of this boom has been the rapid proliferation of offices at peripheral locations and, to a lesser extent, at secondary areas within the city centre. This paper investigates the relative influence of the urban planning context and private property development interests in shaping this new geography of office development and highlights the problematic consequences of this development pattern for the provision of public transport.
Engendering the human geographies of Ireland - A thematic section
Authors: Ní Laoire Caitríona , Linehan Denis
Published: January 2024

First Page PreviewThe papers presented in this thematic section are all concerned with questions of gender and sexuality- concerns that over the last three decades have challenged and enriched the practice not only of the discipline of geography, but all of the social sciences and the humanities. Since the middle of the 1970s, feminist geography has had a significant influence on the discipline internationally, opened up new avenues of research and presented critical opportunities to engage with social issues and questions of equality (McDowell, 1999; Oberhauser et ah, 2000). It is arguable that Irish society has always provided productive ground for working through such questions of gender and sexuality. It has not been until comparatively recently, however, that such issues around gender have been consistently examined. Ireland has characteristically been regarded by social scientists as a patriarchal society- a situation that historically was sustained by the apparatus of Church and State, the nature of the labour market and the social and cultural construction of heterosexuality (Mahon, 1994; O'Connor, 1998). Increasingly, these structures have come under sustained critical attention. The emergence of a number of Women's Studies programmes in Irish universities, the establishment of the Irish Journal of Feminist Studies, and the strengthening of bodies such as the National Women's Council to represent women at national level, all illustrate the challenge to patriarchy in academic and public life. Mapping women's experiences in Irish social, political and cultural life has involved the steady accruing of perspectives from a diverse range of disciplines and has brought into visibility the conditions under which gender has acted as a significant axis of difference and social power in Ireland (see Hussey, 1993; Byrne, Byrne and Lyons, 1996; O'Connor, 1998). However, true equality between the sexes remains not only illusive, but unachieved. In one instance, for example, as O'Connor has noted, "...today in Ireland men make up approximately 95 percent of those in senior positions in the civil service, the local authorities, the health boards, etc. Culturally and structurally, there is the deeply embedded idea that women are not suited to authority" (O'Connor, 1998:8).
Food, gender and Irishness- how Irish women in Coventry make home
Authors: Kneafsey Moya , Cox Rosie
Published: January 2024

This paper focuses on the spaces and social relations of food consumption in order to examine how Irish migrants to Coventry, a city in the English West Midlands, form a sense of identity. On the basis of in depth interviews with first generation migrants, it is argued that food consumption practices are linked to Irish identity in three ways. First, migrants in Coventry were often part of extended family networks that exchanged foods between Britain and Ireland. Second, knowledge about foods and-cooking was gained by many of the interviewees in Ireland, making them familiar and comfortable with specific local foods. Last, and related to this, certain foodstuffs were sought out by interviewees because they were Irish and remembered from 'home'. Specific gender relations pervaded food consumption practices and it was found that women, through their involvement in food purchase and preparation, were key actors in constructing an often ambiguous sense of Irishness in Britain.
Young farmers, masculinities and change in rural Ireland
Authors: Ní Laoire Caitríona
Published: January 2024

This paper explores the changing nature of masculine identities among young fanners in contemporary Ireland. Contemporary agricultural restructuring processes involve increased competitiveness and the introduction of a business ethos to farming. The paper explores the ways in which rural masculine identities are responding to these changing social structures and values. It is based on a series of interviews with young farmers in one locality in the south-west, which aimed at exploring their values, goals and identities. This small case study highlights the existence of a traditional-modern dualism in rural masculine identities, underlain by the persistence of conventional masculinism. However, in response to the challenges of contemporary agricultural restructuring, there is evidence of the emergence (or resurrection) of a more open and flexible type of masculinity among young farmers, drawing on an interplay of alternative agricultural narratives and traditional agrarian ideology.
Female employment in the multinational electronics industry in Ireland's south-west planning region
Authors: Barry Almar M. , Brunt Barry M.
Published: January 2024

Since the early 1970s, Ireland has become a preferred location within Western Europe for the establishment of multinational firms in high-tech sectors. This influx has had profound implications for the gender structure of manufacturing employment in the south-west planning region of Ireland. The multinational electronics industry, in particular, has emerged as one of the leading generators of employment growth for women. Furthermore, women comprise the majority of the workforce within the industry. Despite this, occupational segregation on the basis of gender remains a key feature associated with the employment structure in Ireland's multinational electronics industry. This paper addresses this issue within Ireland's south-west planning region.
"All over the place, in town, in the pub, everywhere" A social geography of women's friendship in Cork
Authors: Coakley Liam
Published: January 2024

This paper draws on research that examined the geographies of women's daily lives as part of a doctoral thesis. The research is based on a social survey that was carried out in Cork city between June 1993 and February 1995. It is found that Cork women are common users of interactional places in the city and that this activity is widespread in nature, but that the social geographies of such activity may be varied on occasion.
Dangerous friends and deadly foesperformances of masculinity in the divided city
Authors: Lysaght Karen
Published: January 2024

This paper examines the relationship between dominant and subordinate masculinities n inner-city residential areas of Belfast. It explores these relationships within the arena of the religiously segregated district, before exploring how these categories shift and mutate when transferred outside the local community. It examines how fear of violence among both dominant and subordinate men can be understood as a way of expressing masculinity. Through examining how men engage in spatial negotiations based on an assumption that they could be categorised as possible members of paramilitary organisations, the blurring of divisions between masculinities becomes obvious. Locational change can ensure that internal categories become blurred and indistinct, demonstrating the relational and contingent nature of gender. Drawing upon a literature on gender performativity, the paper argues that the categories of dominant and subordinate are merely ideal gender roles that are enacted daily by individuals constrained within these performative genres.
Religion as an indicator of ethnicity in Northern Irelandan alternative perspective
Authors: Doherty Paul , Poole Michael A.
Published: January 2024

This paper considers the relationship between census data on religious affiliation, and the ethnic structure of Northern Ireland. Examination of the 1991 Census Sample of Anonymised Records suggests that as well as the major unambiguously ethnic Catholic and Protestant groups, three other groups can be identified: those born in Northern Ireland who have No Religion, those born in Northern Ireland who do not declare a religion, and those from outside the province. Members of these last three groups have in the. past been allocated to one or other of the two main groups, but it is argued that this approach can no longer be justified, and that a more complex model of the relationship is required. This has implications for social research and policymaking.
Smallpox in Ireland- an historical note with possible (and unwelcome) relevance for the future
Authors: Houghton Frank , Kelleher Kevin
Published: January 2024

Recent events including the 11th September attacks in the USA and subsequent attacks using anthrax have firmly focused attention on the threat of biological warfare internationally. Ireland has been no exception to this global phenomenon and has already dealt with over 100 'anthrax' scares. However concern about other, more virulent biological threats continues to grow. Smallpox in particular has been highlighted as a potential biological warfare threat, given its high case fatality rate and its highly infectious nature. In this context it is useful to closely examine the Annual Reports of the Registrar Genera! for Ireland from almost a century ago to gain an insight into some of the issues that can be expected to emerge if the smallpox threat ever became real, or in the event of a Government campaign to vaccinate the population.