bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Space‐Confined One‐Step Growth of 2D MoO2/MoS2 Vertical Heterostructures for Superior Hydrogen Evolution in Alkaline Electrolytes
Authors: Wu Qinke , Luo Yuting , Xie Ruikuan , Nong Huiyu , Cai Zhengyang , Tang Lei , Tan Junyang , Feng Simin , Zhao Shilong , Yu Qiangmin , Lin Junhao , Chai Guoliang , Liu Bilu
Published: July 2022

2D material‐based heterostructures are constructed by stacking or spicing individual 2D layers to create an interface between them, which have exotic properties. Here, a new strategy for the in situ growth of large numbers of 2D heterostructures on the centimeter‐scale substrate is developed. In the method, large numbers of 2D MoS2, MoO2, or their heterostructures of MoO2/MoS2 are controllably grown in the same setup by simply tuning the gap distance between metal precursor and growth substrate, which changes the concentration of metal precursors feed. A lateral force microscope is used first to identify the locations of each material in the heterostructures, which have MoO2 on the top of MoS2. Noteworthy, the creation of a clean interface between atomic thin MoO2 (metallic) and MoS2 (semiconducting) results in a different electronic structure compared with pure MoO2 and MoS2. Theoretical calculations show that the charge redistribution at such an interface results in an improved HER performance on the MoO2/MoS2 heterostructures, showing an overpotential of 60 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 47 mV dec−1. This work reports a new strategy for the in situ growth of heterostructures on large‐scale substrates and provides platforms to exploit their applications.
Modulating Chemical Interaction to Realize Bottom‐Up Defect Passivation for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Cong , Zhuang Qixin , Li Haiyun , Gong Cheng , Wang Huaxin , Li Ru , Li Hongxiang , Zhang Zhongying , Yang Hua , Chen Jiangzhao , Zang Zhigang
Published: July 2022

The defects of perovskite and SnO2layers, interfacial energy barrier, and high grain boundary density impede further development of perovskite solar cells. Herein, a bottom‐up versatile modification strategy, which is implemented via introducing Lewis base ligand molecules containing different numbers of carbonyls (urea, propanedioic acid, and barbituric acid [BA]) into SnO2colloidal solution, is reported. All modifiers exhibit positive but different defect passivation effects for both SnO2and perovskite layers. The defect passivation effect can be rationally modulated by tuning the number of carbonyls and is directly proportional to the number of carbonyls. The enlargement sequence of the grain size is the same as that of the defect passivation effect. Meanwhile, the interfacial energy barrier, charge accumulation, and hysteresis are mitigated after modification, which is principally attributed to improved energy band alignment, reduced interfacial defects, and improved electrical properties of SnO2films. The BA‐modified device achieves an impressive efficiency up to 23.35%, which is significantly higher than 21.59% of the reference device. In addition, the modified devices demonstrate enhanced moisture and thermal stabilities.
2D MXene Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Mechanism, and Multifunctional Applications in Microwave Absorption
Authors: Guan Xiaomeng , Yang Zhihong , Zhou Ming , Yang Le , Peymanfar Reza , Aslibeiki Bagher , Ji Guangbin
Published: July 2022

MXene nanomaterials stand out among 2D nanomaterials and have been extensively studied by researchers because of their unique layered structure, chemical diversity, and outstanding chemical and physical properties. In recent years, MXene materials have rapidly opened the market for electromagnetic interference shielding technology due to their excellent electromagnetic wave absorption (EMA) capability. However, so far, compared with the development of electromagnetic (EM) shielding technology, there is still much room for development in the construction of MXenes and the application of electromagnetic wave absorption. Herein, the construction strategies, electromagnetic wave conversion mechanism, and applications of MXenes materials are reviewed. Through meticulous material design and an interdisciplinary approach, 2D MXene materials are expected to become one of the smart tunable wave absorbers, and their application scenarios will also become broader.
Modified Starch in Composition with Polyvinyl Alcohol as a Basis for Development of the Polymeric Materials for Pharmaceutical Use
Authors: Ishchenko Olena , Plavan Viktoriia , Valeika Virgilijus , Koliada Maksym , Liashok Iryna , Budash Yurii , Bessarabov Volodymyr
Published: July 2022

The main objectives of the present work are the study of the compositions from starch or modified (carboxymethylated) starch (CMS) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to develop films containing decamethoxine as transdermal therapeutic systems. The influence of the content of CMC in compositions with PVA and in films prepared from the compositions on their properties are investigated. The effect of the antiseptic drug decamethoxine on changes in the properties of films has been investigated. It is established that the compositions of polymers had a high degree of thixotropic recovery in contrast to their individual components. According to the Zellinger–Heidingsfeld criterion the polymers are incompatible for PVA/CMS compositions at mass ratios of 75:25. The content of decamethoxine in the films increases their sorption properties from 2% to 7% depending on the humidity of the medium. A stable release of decamethoxine from the PVA/СMS polymer film with ratios of 75:25 and 50:50 is observed. Microbiological studies of films based on PVA/CMS mixtures show no growth of fungi on the films. The results reveal the possibility of developing a polymer system by the solution‐casting method to develop films based on modified starch, PVA, and drugs for the manufacturing of effective pharmaceuticals.
Developing guidelines for pet rat housing through expert consultation
Authors: Neville Vikki , Hunter Kristina , Benato Livia , Mendl Michael , Paul Elizabeth S.
Published: July 2022

Background

Pet care guidelines play an important role in ensuring that owners are well informed about good husbandry practices, allowing them to provide the best care for their animals. However, the development of such guidelines is difficult when there is little appropriate empirical evidence on which to base guidelines, as in the case of pet rats. The consultation of multiple experts can help to surmount this challenge.

Methods

We developed a set of guidelines for pet rat housing by consulting with a group of experts, including veterinarians, veterinary nurses, animal welfare scientists and experienced pet rat owners. The consultation involved two rounds of online surveys (n = 13) and one online discussion (n = 8).

Results

The resulting guidelines cover a broad range of features within pet rat housing, including injury prevention, details of suitable refuges and substrates, and suitable cage sizing. The guidelines may evolve as more information about pet rats comes to light but may nonetheless provide a useful starting point for any future guidelines.

Conclusions

At present, these guidelines may not only be useful for pet rat owners and those advising pet rat owners, such as veterinarians, but may also be useful in the design of housing, including for laboratory rodents.
Generalised idiopathic polymyositis mimicking masticatory myositis in a dog
Authors: Troupel Thibaut , Van Caenegem Nicolas , Drougard Carole , Blanchard‐Gutton Nicolas , Blot Stéphane
Published: July 2022

Masticatory myositis (MM) and generalised idiopathic polymyositis (gIPM) are the most common immune‐mediated myositis in dogs. In humans, the diagnosis and classification of myositis have continuously evolved over the past few decades with the combination of histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation alongside the identification of myositis‐specific autoantibodies (MSAs). In dogs, however, MSAs have only been described in MM and breeds such as Newfoundland and Boxer. We report a case of a dog that presented with sub‐acute pain when chewing and exophthalmos, followed by chronic progressive masticatory muscle atrophy and enophthalmos. Clinical signs and electromyography were primarily consistent with MM, but serological autoantibodies against type 2M myofibres were negative. Creatine kinase activity, histological and immunohistochemical examination of the temporal and triceps brachii muscles and negative infectious disease tests were consistent with gIPM. This atypical case highlights the requirement for multiple muscle biopsies and appeals for extended immunohistochemical studies in canine myositis.
Supercool composite Dark Matter beyond 100 TeV
Authors: Baldes Iason , Gouttenoire Yann , Sala Filippo , Servant Géraldine
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Dark Matter could be a composite state of a confining sector with an approximate scale symmetry. We consider the case where the associated pseudo-Goldstone boson, the dilaton, mediates its interactions with the Standard Model. When the confining phase transition in the early universe is supercooled, its dynamics allows for Dark Matter masses up to 106 TeV. We derive the precise parameter space compatible with all experimental constraints, finding that this scenario can be tested partly by telescopes and entirely by gravitational waves.
Electroweak symmetry breaking and WIMP-FIMP dark matter
Authors: Bhattacharya Subhaditya , Chakraborti Sreemanti , Pradhan Dipankar
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Electroweak Symmetry Breaking (EWSB) is known to produce a massive universe that we live in. However, it may also provide an important boundary for freeze-in or freeze-out of dark matter (DM) connected to Standard Model via Higgs portal as processes contributing to DM relic differ across the boundary. We explore such possibilities in a two-component DM framework, where a massive U(1)X gauge boson DM freezes-in and a scalar singlet DM freezes-out, that inherits the effect of EWSB for both the cases in a correlated way. Amongst different possibilities, we study two sample cases; first when one DM component freezes in and the other freezes out from thermal bath both necessarily before EWSB and the second, when both freeze-in and freeze-out occur after EWSB. We find some prominent distinctive features in the available parameter space of the model for these two cases, after addressing relic density and the recent most direct search constraints from XENON1T, some of which can be borrowed in a model independent way.
Vector boson pair production at one loop: analytic results for the process $$ \mathrm{q}\overline{\mathrm{q}}\ell \overline{\ell}{\ell}^{\prime }{\overline{\ell}}^{\prime}\mathrm{g} $$
Authors: Campbell John M. , De Laurentis Giuseppe , Ellis R. Keith
Published: July 2022

Abstract

We present compact analytic results for the one-loop amplitude for the process 0 → $$ q\overline{q}\ell \overline{\ell}{\ell}^{\prime }{\overline{\ell}}^{\prime }g $$
q

q
¯

ℓ

ℓ
¯

ℓ
′

ℓ
¯

′

g
, relevant for both the production of a pair of Z and W-bosons in association with a jet. We focus on the gauge-invariant contribution mediated by a loop of quarks. We explicitly include all effects of the loop-quark mass m, appropriate for the production of a pair of Z-bosons. In the limit m → 0, our results are also applicable to the production of W-boson pairs, mediated by a loop of massless quarks. Implemented in a numerical code, the results are fast. The calculation uses novel advancements in spinor-helicity simplification techniques, for the first time applied beyond five-point massless kinematics. We make use of primary decompositions from algebraic-geometry, which now involve non-radical ideals, and p-adic numbers from number theory. We show how to infer whether numerator polynomials belong to symbolic powers of non-radical ideals through numerical evaluations.
Zero-contact angle solutions to stochastic thin-film equations
Authors: Grün Günther , Klein Lorenz
Published: July 2022

We establish existence of nonnegative martingale solutions to stochastic thin-film equations with quadratic mobility for compactly supported initial data under Stratonovich noise. Based on so-called$$\alpha $$α-entropy estimates, we show that almost surely these solutions are classically differentiable in space almost everywhere in time and that their derivative attains the value zero at the boundary of the solution’s support. From a physics perspective, this means that they exhibit a zero-contact angle at the three-phase contact line between liquid, solid, and ambient fluid. These$$\alpha $$α-entropy estimates are first derived for almost surely strictly positive solutions to a family of stochastic thin-film equations augmented by second-order linear diffusion terms. Using Itô’s formula together with stopping time arguments, Jakubowski’s modification of the Skorokhod theorem, and martingale identification techniques, the passage to the limit of vanishing regularization terms gives the desired existence result.
An Improved Setting for Generalized Functions: Fine Ultrafunctions
Authors: Benci Vieri
Published: July 2022

Ultrafunctions are a particular class of functions defined on a Non Archimedean field $${\mathbb {E}}\supset {\mathbb {R}}$$

E
⊃
R

. They have been introduced and studied in some previous works (Benci, in Adv Nonlinear Stud 13:461–486, 2013; Benci and Luperi Baglini, in Electron J Differ Equ Conf 21:11–21, 2014; Benci et al., in Adv Nonlinear Anal 10. https://doi.org/10.1515/anona-2017-0225.2; Benci et al., in Adv. Nonlinear Anal 9, 2018). In this paper we develop the notion of fine ultrafunctions which improves the older definitions in many crucial points. Some applications are given to show how ultrafunctions can be applied in studing Partial Differential Equations. In particular, it is possible to prove the existence of ultrafunction solutions to ill posed evolution poblems.
A review on factors influencing mechanical properties of AlSi12 alloy processed by selective laser melting
Authors: Kekana Neo , Shongwe Mxolisi B. , Mpofu Khumbulani , Muvunzi Rumbidzai
Published: July 2022

AlSi12 has a high strength-to-weight ratio and good corrosion resistance properties. As a result, it has potential for use in the automotive and aerospace industries. However, AlSi12 is difficult to process using conventional manufacturing technologies because of its characteristics of having high thermal conductivity and reflectivity and flowability is low. It is necessary to explore how emerging manufacturing technologies can be used to effectively process it. Additive manufacturing (AM) offers great design freedom. For the AM of metallic parts, several technologies are in use, including selective laser melting (SLM), electron beam melting, laser engineered net shaping, and cold spray additive manufacturing. Among these AM processes, SLM technology is a cutting-edge manufacturing technique that has the potential to change the way people think about design and production. SLM of AlSi12 alloy presents unique advantages in producing components with high strength and low weight while having increased design freedom. However, there is a need for more information on how SLM can be effectively used to manufacture AlSi12 parts in a way that reduces defects without compromising the mechanical properties. Thus, this paper aims to review the factors that influence the mechanical properties of AlSi12 alloy printed parts produced using SLM. This information is useful in determining the factors that can be considered for manufacturing parts with outstanding characteristics.
Cytokine alterations during paraneoplastic neutrophilia and leukemoid reaction in patients with advanced melanoma
Authors: Zhang Xin-Wen , Wald Alexander , Salzmann Martin , Halama Niels , Hassel Jessica C.
Published: July 2022

Background

Paraneoplastic leukemoid reaction (PLR) is a rare phenomenon in metastasized melanoma associated with poor prognosis and rapid disease progression. Currently, no specific therapeutic options exist other than treating the underlying malignancy.

Methods

Five cases of paraneoplastic neutrophilia in patients with advanced-stage IV melanoma were enrolled in our study. Cytokine concentrations in patients’ serum samples were analyzed before and during PLR using a multiplex cytokine array. Further, immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissue biopsied during PLR was performed.

Results and conclusions

We observed a strong correlation between worsening of tumor burden and aggravation of neutrophilia. Cytokine measurements revealed an increase of proinflammatory cytokines (IL6, IFNγ), proangiogenic cytokines (VEGF) and immune stem cell growth factors (G-CSF) during PLR. Immunohistochemistry confirmed neutrophil infiltration of tumor tissue. The presented cytokine alterations provide a basis for further functional analysis, which is necessary for the development of targeted therapeutic approaches against PLR.
Analysis of copy number alterations in bladder cancer stem cells revealed a prognostic role of LRP1B
Authors: Conconi Donatella , Jemma Andrea , Giambra Martina , Redaelli Serena , Croci Giorgio Alberto , Dalprà Leda , Lavitrano Marialuisa , Bentivegna Angela
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract and one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. It represents a spectrum of diseases, from recurrent non-invasive tumors (NMIBCs) managed chronically, to muscle infiltrating and advanced-stage disease (MIBC) that requires multimodal and invasive treatment. Multiple studies have underlined the complexity of bladder tumors genome, highlighting many specific genetic lesions and genome-wide occurrences of copy-number alterations (CNAs). In this study, we analyzed CNAs of selected genes in our cohorts of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-BLCA) cohort with the aim to correlate their frequency with patients’ prognosis.

Methods

CNAs have been verified on our array-CGH data previously reported on 19 bladder cancer biopsies (10 NMIBCs and 9 MIBCs) and 16 matched isolated CSC cultures. In addition, CNAs data have been consulted on the TCGA database, to search correlations with patients’ follow-up. Finally, mRNA expression levels of LRP1B in TGCA cohort were obtained from The Human Protein Atlas.

Results

We firstly identified CNAs differentially represented between TGCA data and CSCs derived from NMIBCs and MIBCs, and we correlated the presence of these CNAs with patients’ follow-up. LRP1B loss was significantly increased in CSCs and linked to short-term poor prognosis, both at genomic and transcriptomic level, confirming its pivotal role in bladder cancer tumorigenesis.

Conclusion

Our study allowed us to identify potential "predictive" prognostic CNAs for bladder cancer, implementing knowledge for the ultimate goal of personalized medicine.
Systematic review of the association between isolated musculoskeletal hypermobility and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Shere Clare , Clark Emma M.
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) affects 1–3% of the population, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. The coexistence of musculoskeletal hypermobility and scoliosis in many inherited syndromes raises the possibility that isolated musculoskeletal hypermobility may contribute to AIS development or progression.

Methods

We performed a systematic review of the evidence for a relationship between isolated musculoskeletal hypermobility and AIS. A meta-analysis was planned, but if not possible, a narrative evidence synthesis was planned.

Results

Nineteen studies met eligibility criteria for inclusion. One study was excluded due to insufficient quality. Substantial heterogeneity in study design and methodology negated meta-analysis, so a narrative review was performed. Of the 18 studies included, seven suggested a positive association and eight found no association. Three reported the prevalence of musculoskeletal hypermobility in individuals with AIS. Overall, there was no convincing population-based evidence for an association between musculoskeletal hypermobility and AIS, with only two case–control studies by the same authors presenting compelling evidence for an association. Although populations at extremes of hypermobility had a high prevalence of spinal curvature, these studies were at high risk of confounding. Wide variation in methods of measuring musculoskeletal hypermobility and the challenge of assessing AIS in population-based studies hinder study comparison.

Conclusions

There is a paucity of high-quality evidence examining the association between isolated musculoskeletal hypermobility and AIS. Large-scale prospective studies with adequate adjustment for potential confounding factors could clarify the relationship between musculoskeletal hypermobility and AIS to elucidate its role in the pathogenesis of AIS.
Management of displaced humeral surgical neck fractures in daily clinical practice: hanging does not re-align the fracture
Authors: Spek Reinier W. A. , Hoogervorst Lotje A. , Elias Michaëla E. C. , Jaarsma Ruurd L. , Veeger DirkJan H. E. J. , Doornberg Job N. , Jutte Paul C. , van den Bekerom Michel P. J.
Published: July 2022

Introduction

It is unclear if the collar and cuff treatment improve alignment in displaced surgical neck fractures of the proximal humerus. Therefore, this study evaluated if the neckshaft angle and extent of displacement would improve between trauma and onset of radiographically visible callus in non-operatively treated surgical neck fractures (Boileau type A, B, C).

Materials and Methods

A consecutive series of patients (≥ 18 years old) were retrospectively evaluated from a level 1 trauma center in Australia (inclusion period: 2016–2020) and a level 2 trauma center in the Netherlands (inclusion period: 2004 to 2018). Patients were included if they sustained a Boileau-type fracture and underwent initial non-operative treatment. The first radiograph had to be obtained within 24 h after the initial injury and the follow-up radiograph(s) 1 week after trauma and before the start of radiographically visible callus. On each radiograph, the maximal medial gap (MMG), maximal lateral gap (MLG), and neck-shaft angle (NSA) were measured. Linear mixed modelling was performed to evaluate if these measurements would improve over time.

Results

Sixty-seven patients were included: 25 type A, 11 type B, and 31 type C fractures.

The mean age (range) was 68 years (24–93), and the mean number (range) of follow-up radiographs per patient was 1 (1–4). Linear mixed modelling on both MMG and MLG revealed no improvement during follow-up among the three groups. Mean NSA of type A fractures improved significantly from 161° at trauma to 152° at last follow-up (p-value = 0.004).

Conclusions

Apart from humeral head angulation improvement in type A, there is no increase nor reduction in displacement among the three fracture patterns. Therefore, it is advised that surgical decision-making should be performed immediately after trauma.

Level of clinical evidence

Level IV, retrospective case series.
Functional Laryngeal Assessment in Patients with Tracheostomy Following COVID-19 a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Dawson C. , Nankivell P. , Pracy J. P. , Capewell R. , Wood M. , Weblin J. , Parekh D. , Patel J. , Skoretz S. A. , Sharma N.
Published: July 2022

To explore laryngeal function of tracheostomised patients with COVID-19 in the acute phase, to identify ways teams may facilitate and expedite tracheostomy weaning and rehabilitation of upper airway function. Consecutive tracheostomised patients underwent laryngeal examination during mechanical ventilation weaning. Primary outcomes included prevalence of upper aerodigestive oedema and airway protection during swallow, tracheostomy duration, ICU frailty scores, and oral intake type. Analyses included bivariate associations and exploratory multivariable regressions. 48 consecutive patients who underwent tracheostomy insertion as part of their respiratory wean following invasive ventilation in a single UK tertiary hospital were included. 21 (43.8%) had impaired airway protection on swallow (PAS ≥ 3) with 32 (66.7%) having marked airway oedema in at least one laryngeal area. Impaired airway protection was associated with longer total artificial airway duration (p = 0.008), longer tracheostomy tube duration (p = 0.007), multiple intubations (p = 0.006) and was associated with persistent ICU acquired weakness at ICU discharge (p = 0.03). Impaired airway protection was also an independent predictor for longer tracheostomy tube duration (p = 0.02, Beta 0.38, 95% CI 2.36 to 27.16). The majority of our study patients presented with complex laryngeal findings which were associated with impaired airway protection. We suggest a proactive standardized scoring and review protocol to manage this complex group of patients in order to maximize health outcomes and ICU resources. Early laryngeal assessment may facilitate weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation and liberation from tracheostomy, as well as practical and objective risk stratification for patients regarding decannulation and feeding.
LinkD: element-based data interlinking of RDF datasets in linked data
Authors: Kettouch Mohamed Salah , Luca Cristina
Published: July 2022

One of the main obstacles in publishing in a Linked Data way is to connect the dataset being published externally with related data sources in the cloud, known as Data Interlinking. This paper proposes LinkD, a new element-based interlinking approach. LinkD interlinks an RDF dataset, resulted from transformed semi-structured data, with its counterparts in the web of Linked Data. To provide similarity links, the existence of published data in the Linked Data cloud is done in the first place. Different algorithms for similarity measurement are employed while the domain of the dataset being interlinked is taken into account. The techniques utilised allow the processing of a large number of Linked Data datasets. The evaluation of LinkD shows high precision, recall and performance.
Expression for uncertainty intervals handling skewness when the relative standard uncertainty is independent of the measurand level
Authors: Sahlin Eskil , Magnusson Bertil
Published: July 2022

Uncertainty intervals for many measurement results are typically reported as symmetric intervals around the measured value. However, at large standard uncertainties (> approx. 15 %–20 %), it is necessary to consider asymmetry of the uncertainty intervals. Here, an expression for calculating uncertainty intervals handling asymmetry when the relative standard uncertainty is independent of the measurand level is presented. The expression is based on implementation of a power transformation ($${x}^{B}$$

x

B

) for transformation of measurement results in order to achieve results that have a symmetric and approximate normal distribution. Uncertainty intervals are then calculated in the transformed space and back-transformed to the original space. The transformation includes a parameter, B, that needs to be optimized, and this can be based on real results, modelling of results, or on judgement. Two important reference points are B equal to 1 that corresponds to an approximate normal distribution of the original measurement results, and B approaching 0 that corresponds to an approximate log-normal distribution of the original measurement results. Comparisons are made with uncertainty intervals calculated using other expressions where it is assumed that measurement results have a normal distribution or a log-normal distribution. Implementation of the approach is demonstrated with several examples from chemical analysis.
Characteristics and surgical management of pure trapdoor fracture of the orbital floor in adults: a 15-year review
Authors: Gugliotta Ylenia , Roccia Fabio , Demo Paolo Garzino , Rossi Maria Beatrice
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This retrospective study aims to define the optimal timing of the surgical treatment of orbital floor trapdoor fractures (OFTFs) in adults according to clinical and radiological findings.

Methods

From January 2006 to December 2020, 382 patients with isolated orbital floor fracture were admitted to the Division of Maxillofacial Surgery of Turin, Italy. The criteria for inclusion were age ≥ 16 years, preoperative computed tomography showing a linear (1a) or medial hinge fracture (1b), diplopia, and 6 months of follow-up data. Aetiology and mechanism of injury, presence of post-traumatic enophthalmos and oculocardiac reflex, time between trauma occurrence and surgery [stratified as < 24 h (urgent treatment), 24–96 h (early treatment), and > 96 h (late treatment)], days of hospitalisation, and clinical outcomes were examinated.

Results

Twenty-four patients (18 males; mean age, 23.2 years) presented with OFTFs. The most common cause was sport injury (50%). Type 1a fracture was observed in eight patients (mean age, 19.5 years), type 1b fracture in 16 patients (mean age, 23.6 years). Urgent, early, and late treatments were performed in eight patients each. The mean time between trauma occurrence and surgery was 3,8 days (range: 0–17 days). Resolution of diplopia was observed 1 week after surgery in 10 patients, 1 month in 12. Diplopia persisted in 2 patient, both treated > 96 h after trauma.

Conclusion

Although the number of patients was too small to define a standard protocol, the authors recommend early treatment of adult OFTFs to promote complete resolution of diplopia.
On Mathematical and Numerical Modelling of Multiphysics Wave Propagation with Polytopal Discontinuous Galerkin Methods: a Review
Authors: Antonietti Paola F. , Botti Michele , Mazzieri Ilario
Published: July 2022

In this work we review discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods on polytopal grids (PolydG) for the numerical simulation of multiphysics wave propagation phenomena in heterogeneous media. In particular, we address wave phenomena in elastic, poro-elastic, and poro-elasto-acoustic materials. Wave propagation is modeled by using either the elastodynamics equation in the elastic domain, the acoustics equations in the acoustic domain and the low-frequency Biot’s equations in the poro-elastic one. The coupling between different models is realized by means of (physically consistent) transmission conditions, weakly imposed at the interface between the subdomains. For all models configuration, we introduce and analyse the PolydG semi-discrete formulation, which is then coupled with suitable time marching schemes. For the semi-discrete problem, we present the stability analysis and derive a-priori error estimates in a suitable energy norm. A wide set of two-dimensional verification tests with manufactured solutions are presented in order to validate the error analysis. Examples of physical interest are also shown to demonstrate the capability of the proposed methods.
A narrative review of immersive virtual reality’s ergonomics and risks at the workplace: cybersickness, visual fatigue, muscular fatigue, acute stress, and mental overload
Authors: Souchet Alexis D. , Lourdeaux Domitile , Pagani Alain , Rebenitsch Lisa
Published: July 2022

This narrative review synthesizes and introduces 386 previous works about virtual reality-induced symptoms and effects by focusing on cybersickness, visual fatigue, muscle fatigue, acute stress, and mental overload. Usually, these VRISE are treated independently in the literature, although virtual reality is increasingly considered an option to replace PCs at the workplace, which encourages us to consider them all at once. We emphasize the context of office-like tasks in VR, gathering 57 articles meeting our inclusion/exclusion criteria. Cybersickness symptoms, influenced by fifty factors, could prevent workers from using VR. It is studied but requires more research to reach a theoretical consensus. VR can lead to more visual fatigue than other screen uses, influenced by fifteen factors, mainly due to vergence-accommodation conflicts. This side effect requires more testing and clarification on how it differs from cybersickness. VR can provoke muscle fatigue and musculoskeletal discomfort, influenced by fifteen factors, depending on tasks and interactions. VR could lead to acute stress due to technostress, task difficulty, time pressure, and public speaking. VR also potentially leads to mental overload, mainly due to task load, time pressure, and intrinsically due interaction and interface of the virtual environment. We propose a research agenda to tackle VR ergonomics and risks issues at the workplace.
Capture and reagent exchange (CARE) wells for cell isolation, labeling, and characterization
Authors: Loutherback Kevin , Dietz Allan B.
Published: July 2022

Cell therapy is an emerging field that uses cells as living drugs to treat a broad array of acute and chronic diseases. Most cell therapies in clinical trials are made using standard bench methods, whose open processing require manufacturing in expensive GMP cleanrooms. As cell therapies progress, new methods are needed to enable scalable manufacturing while maintaining process integrity, reducing environmental exposure, and limiting critical cell and reagent use. Here, we introduce capture and reagent exchange (CARE) wells that allow critical processing steps to be integrated into a closed microfluidic device. The unique property of CARE wells is that they allow reagent exchange from an attached channel without cell loss from wells. We show through simulation and experiment that this feature is present in cylindrical wells whose depth is sufficient to generate multiple recirculating vortices and is independent of flow rate in the channel. We demonstrate that CARE wells can be used to perform cell separation, on-chip labeling, and characterization of monocytes as the first steps toward a closed microfluidic system for production of dendritic cell therapies. Immunomagnetic separation of CD14 + monocytes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into wells was performed with purity of 97 ± 2% and capture efficiency of 50 ± 17%. On-chip labeling, washing, and characterization were performed using two cell surface markers (CD14 and HLA-DR) on over 3000 cells captured in a 5193-well device. The combination of high purity separation and reagent exchange without cell loss with robust performance over wide range of input and operating conditions makes this technique a promising approach for scalable manufacturing and analysis of cell therapies.
Scalar reward is not enough: a response to Silver, Singh, Precup and Sutton (2021)
Authors: Vamplew Peter , Smith Benjamin J. , Källström Johan , Ramos Gabriel , Rădulescu Roxana , Roijers Diederik M. , Hayes Conor F. , Heintz Fredrik , Mannion Patrick , Libin Pieter J. K. , Dazeley Richard , Foale Cameron
Published: July 2022

The recent paper “Reward is Enough” by Silver, Singh, Precup and Sutton posits that the concept of reward maximisation is sufficient to underpin all intelligence, both natural and artificial, and provides a suitable basis for the creation of artificial general intelligence. We contest the underlying assumption of Silver et al. that such reward can be scalar-valued. In this paper we explain why scalar rewards are insufficient to account for some aspects of both biological and computational intelligence, and argue in favour of explicitly multi-objective models of reward maximisation. Furthermore, we contend that even if scalar reward functions can trigger intelligent behaviour in specific cases, this type of reward is insufficient for the development of human-aligned artificial general intelligence due to unacceptable risks of unsafe or unethical behaviour.
A theoretical systematic review of patient involvement in health and social care education
Authors: Bennett-Weston Amber , Gay Simon , Anderson Elizabeth S.
Published: July 2022

Patient involvement in health and social care education lacks theoretical underpinning, despite increasing calls for rigour. Theories help explain how learning is advanced and offer guidance for how faculty work with patients who become involved in curriculum delivery. We conducted a systematic review to synthesise how theory shapes our understanding of patient involvement in health and social care education. Three databases were systematically searched. Studies demonstrating explicit and high-quality application of theory to patient involvement in teaching and learning or involvement within a community of health and social care educators, were included. A narrative synthesis was undertaken using Activity Theory as an analytical lens to highlight the multifaceted components of patient involvement in professional education. Seven high-quality, theoretically underpinned studies were included. Four studies applied theory to pedagogy, showing how deep learning from patient involvement occurred. Despite a growing body of studies which attempt to use theory to explain learning, many were descriptive, lacked theoretical quality and were therefore excluded. Three studies applied theory to illuminate the complexity of involving patients in the educational system, showing how patients can be supported and valued in teaching roles. This review highlights that more work is required to identify the mechanisms through which patient involvement enhances learning and, to explore what involvement within the education community means for faculty and patients. Our understandings of patient-educator partnerships for learning could be progressed by further high-quality theory driven studies, which include the patient voice.
Integrated Health Care Delivery for Adolescents Living with and at Risk of HIV Infection: A Review of Models and Actions for Implementation
Authors: Subramanian Sujha , Namusoke-Magongo Eleanor , Edwards Patrick , Atujuna Millicent , Chimulwa Teddy , Dow Dorothy , Jalil Emilia , Torbunde Nguavese , Agot Kawango , Arinaitwe Ivan , Beizer Jenny , Chelwa Nachela , Mbalinda Scovia Nalugo , Miti Sam , Mwangwa Florence
Published: July 2022

Integrated service delivery, providing coordinated services in a convenient manner, is important in HIV prevention and treatment for adolescents as they have interconnected health care needs related to HIV care, sexual and reproductive health and disease prevention. This review aimed to (1) identify key components of adolescent-responsive integrated service delivery in low and middle-income countries, (2) describe projects that have implemented integrated models of HIV care for adolescents, and (3) develop action steps to support the implementation of sustainable integrated models. We developed an implementation science-informed conceptual framework for integrated delivery of HIV care to adolescents and applied the framework to summarize key data elements in ten studies or programs across seven countries. Key pillars of the framework included (1) the socioecological perspective, (2) community and health care system linkages, and (3) components of adolescent-focused care. The conceptual framework and action steps outlined can catalyze design, implementation, and optimization of HIV care for adolescents.
Mytilicola orientalis
Authors: Borkens Yannick , Koppe Paul
Published: July 2022

Neozoa are invasive species that enter faunal communities as new species. Not infrequently, they pose a threat to local ecosystems. Climate change could further promote these developments or favor neozoa. Thus, they represent a relevant threat in the future. One of these neozoa is the copepod parasite Mytilicola orientalis. This parasite originates from Asia and infects a wide variety of bivalves like mussels and oysters. However, as an invasive species, it can be found more and more frequently in Europe, especially in the North and Baltic Seas. There, M. orientalis poses a real threat to mussels in aquaculture and thus also to the local economy.
On the Epistemological Relevance of Social Power and Justice in Mathematics
Authors: Hunsicker Eugenie , Rittberg Colin Jakob
Published: July 2022

In this paper we argue that questions about which mathematical ideas mathematicians are exposed to and choose to pay attention to are epistemologically relevant and entangled with power dynamics and social justice concerns. There is a considerable body of literature that discusses the dissemination and uptake of ideas as social justice issues. We argue that these insights are also relevant for the epistemology of mathematics. We make this visible by a journalistic exploration of relevant cases and embed our insights into the larger question how mathematical ideas are taken up in mathematical practices. We argue that epistemologies of mathematics ought to account for questions of exposure to and choice of attention to mathematical ideas, and remark on the political relevance of such epistemologies.
Shaking table investigation of a low-cost and sustainable timber-based energy dissipation system with recentering ability
Authors: Tsiavos Anastasios , Kolyfetis Dimitrios , Panzarasa Guido , Burgert Ingo , Stojadinovic Bozidar
Published: July 2022

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the efficiency of a low-cost and sustainable timber-based energy dissipation system with recentering ability, which can be used as a seismic isolation system or a tuned mass damper for the seismic protection of structures in developing or developed countries. The system, defined as Dovetail with SPrings (Dove-SP), utilizes the attractive properties of timber to store CO2, thus reducing the carbon footprint of the existing energy dissipation systems: It comprises two timber slabs that are designed to slide against each other in a motion that is restrained by a dovetail sliding joint. Two sliding interfaces that allow this sliding motion at an attractively low friction coefficient are experimentally investigated: A PVC sand-wich (PVC-s) sliding interface, comprising a thin layer of sand that is sand-wiched between two PVC layers and a timber sand-wich sliding interface consisting of a thin layer of sand encapsulated between two beech timber surfaces. A set of low-cost steel springs is designed and installed on both sides of the dovetail joint to recenter the structure back to its original position after the end of an earthquake ground motion excitation. A novel, low-cost and deformable wood material fabricated from delignified balsa wood is used to reduce the pounding effects before the activation of the steel springs. The seismic behavior and the recentering ability of the novel timber-based energy dissipation system subjected to an ensemble of recorded earthquake ground motion excitations was experimentally investigated through a large-scale shaking table investigation at ETH Zurich.
Factors affecting inter-individual variability in endoxifen concentrations in patients with breast cancer: results from the prospective TOTAM trial
Authors: Braal C. Louwrens , Westenberg Justin D. , Buijs Sanne M. , Abrams Steven , Mulder Tessa A. M. , van Schaik Ron H. N. , Koolen Stijn L. W. , Jager Agnes , Mathijssen Ron H. J.
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Endoxifen—the principal metabolite of tamoxifen—is subject to a high inter-individual variability in serum concentration. Numerous attempts have been made to explain this, but thus far only with limited success. By applying predictive modeling, we aimed to identify factors that determine the inter-individual variability. Our purpose was to develop a prediction model for endoxifen concentrations, as a strategy to individualize tamoxifen treatment by model-informed dosing in order to prevent subtherapeutic exposure (endoxifen < 16 nmol/L) and thus potential failure of therapy.

Methods

Tamoxifen pharmacokinetics with demographic and pharmacogenetic data of 303 participants of the prospective TOTAM study were used. The inter-individual variability in endoxifen was analyzed according to multiple regression techniques in combination with multiple imputations to adjust for missing data and bootstrapping to adjust for the over-optimism of parameter estimates used for internal model validation.

Results

Key predictors of endoxifen concentration were CYP2D6 genotype, age and weight, explaining altogether an average-based optimism corrected 57% (95% CI 0.49–0.64) of the inter-individual variability. CYP2D6 genotype explained 54% of the variability. The remaining 3% could be explained by age and weight. Predictors of risk for subtherapeutic endoxifen (< 16 nmol/L) were CYP2D6 genotype and age. The model showed an optimism-corrected discrimination of 90% (95% CI 0.86–0.95) and sensitivity and specificity of 66% and 98%, respectively. Consecutively, there is a high probability of misclassifying patients with subtherapeutic endoxifen concentrations based on the prediction rule.

Conclusion

The inter-individual variability of endoxifen concentration could largely be explained by CYP2D6 genotype and for a small proportion by age and weight. The model showed a sensitivity and specificity of 66 and 98%, respectively, indicating a high probability of (misclassification) error for the patients with subtherapeutic endoxifen concentrations (< 16 nmol/L). The remaining unexplained inter-individual variability is still high and therefore model-informed tamoxifen dosing should be accompanied by therapeutic drug monitoring.
Plk2-mediated phosphorylation and translocalization of Nrf2 activates anti-inflammation through p53/Plk2/p21cip1 signaling in acute kidney injury
Authors: Kim Da-Eun , Byeon Hye Eun , Kim Dae-Hoon , Kim Sang Geon , Yim Hyungshin
Published: July 2022

The Plk2 is a cellular stress-responsive factor that is induced in response to oxidative stress. However, the roles of Plk2 in acute kidney injury (AKI) have not been clarified. We previously found that Plk2 is an interacting factor of Nrf2 in response to cellular stress, since Plk2 is upregulated in the Nrf2-dependent network. Here, we show that the levels of p53, Plk2, p21cip1, and chromatin-bound Nrf2 were all upregulated in kidney tissues of mice or NRK52E cells treated with either cisplatin or methotrexate. Upregulation of Plk2 by p53 led to an increase of Nrf2 in both soluble and chromatin fractions in cisplatin-treated NRK52E cells. Consistently, depletion of Plk2 suppressed the levels of Nrf2. Of note, Plk2 directly phosphorylated Nrf2 at Ser40, which facilitated its interaction with p21cip1 and translocation into the nuclei for the activation of anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory factors in response to AKI. Together, these findings suggest that Plk2 may serve as an anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory regulator through the phosphorylation and activation of Nrf2 to protect kidney cells from kidney toxicants and that Plk2 and Nrf2 therefore work cooperatively for the protection and survival of kidney cells from harmful stresses.
EmbAssi: embedding assignment costs for similarity search in large graph databases
Authors: Bause Franka , Schubert Erich , Kriege Nils M.
Published: July 2022

The graph edit distance is an intuitive measure to quantify the dissimilarity of graphs, but its computation is $$\mathsf {NP}$$
NP
-hard and challenging in practice. We introduce methods for answering nearest neighbor and range queries regarding this distance efficiently for large databases with up to millions of graphs. We build on the filter-verification paradigm, where lower and upper bounds are used to reduce the number of exact computations of the graph edit distance. Highly effective bounds for this involve solving a linear assignment problem for each graph in the database, which is prohibitive in massive datasets. Index-based approaches typically provide only weak bounds leading to high computational costs verification. In this work, we derive novel lower bounds for efficient filtering from restricted assignment problems, where the cost function is a tree metric. This special case allows embedding the costs of optimal assignments isometrically into $$\ell _1$$

ℓ
1

space, rendering efficient indexing possible. We propose several lower bounds of the graph edit distance obtained from tree metrics reflecting the edit costs, which are combined for effective filtering. Our method termed EmbAssi can be integrated into existing filter-verification pipelines as a fast and effective pre-filtering step. Empirically we show that for many real-world graphs our lower bounds are already close to the exact graph edit distance, while our index construction and search scales to very large databases.