bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring financial inclusion: a composite FI index for the developing countries
Authors: Nguyen Thi Truc Huong
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to focus on measuring financial inclusion (FI) level for the developing countries.

Design/methodology/approach

By using a two-stage principal component analysis method, we construct a composite FI index to measure the degree of FI. Data are collected through secondary sources including World Bank and IMF reports for the period 2012–2018.

Findings

We have built an overall FI index which is considered as a comprehensive measure of FI, a useful tool for policymaking and policy evaluation. Comparison with other studies shows that our FI index corroborates with them.

Practical implications

Building a good FI measurement method is important for developing countries. It helps to assess and compare the level of FI of each country and between countries together, made easily and accurately.

Originality/value

This study emphasizes the important role of FI in the economy. From there, an FI solution is integrated into the construction and calculation of its impact on other factors. This will help policymakers to take effective measures to increase FI levels to achieve sustainable economic growth.
Sustainable supply chain management under big data: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Zhang Xinyi , Yu Yanni , Zhang Ning
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This study aims to provide a literature review and bibliometric analysis of sustainable supply chain management using big data. We reviewed the literature on sustainable supply chain management under big data from 2012 to 2019 and extracted 777 articles.

Design/methodology/approach

We conducted quantitative analysis and data network visualization of the chosen literature, including authors, journals, countries, research institutions and citations.

Findings

We discovered that the development of this interdisciplinary field has gained increasing popularity among researchers around the world, such as China and the US publishing the most articles and Western states having more cooperation, which indicates this research topic is growing in significance globally.

Originality/value

Scientific and technological revolutions such as big data have been incorporated in various industries. Modern supply chain management has also been combined with the advances in data science to achieve sustainability goals. No studies have reviewed the sustainable supply chain management based on big data. This study fills this gap.
The relationship between intellectual capital and employees' productivity: evidence from the Gulf Cooperation Council
Authors: Buallay Amina , Abuhommous Ala’a Adden , Kukreja Gagan
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to establish the relationship between intellectual capital (IC) and employees' productivity (EP) in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region.

Design/methodology/approach

The value-added intellectual coefficient (VAIC) is used to measure IC performance in 198 firms listed in Saudi Arabia and Bahrain from 2012 to 2014. The pooled-corrected estimation technique is used to estimate a panel regression model with EP as the dependent variable. Firm size and sectors are controlled for in the regression analysis. The independent variable (IC) has been measured using human capital efficiency (HCE), structural capital efficiency and capital employed efficiency (CEE) in order to measure the value of IC.

Findings

Based on the VAIC, the authors found that the values of IC investments are mostly generated from investments in human capital. The results of the panel-corrected ordinary least square indicate that VAIC and its individual components are positive and significantly related to variations in employees' productivity. HCE contributed the highest and CEE contributed lowest VAIC.

Originality/value

The originality of this paper is to show the importance of investment in the human capital as a key contributor of firm's performance. Hence, this study encourages firm's leaders and management in the GCC to invest and focus their management/leadership styles on human capital to achieve their goals. To the best of the knowledge of the coauthors, this is the first study which empirically examines the relationship between IC and EP in the GCC region.
Does subordinatemoqiaffect leadership empowerment?
Authors: Li Lan , Zheng Xingshan , Sun Siwei , Diaz Ismael
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The present study aims to ascertain the relationships between subordinatemoqiand leader behaviors, by primarily discussing how and when subordinatemoqiis associated with leadership empowerment.

Design/methodology/approach

A self-report study was conducted by recruiting 334 employees from 13 firms. All concepts were rated on a seven-point Likert-type response scale. Linear regression analysis (conducted in MPLUS 7) was conducted to verify the hypotheses.

Findings

First, subordinatemoqishowed positive association with empowerment. Second, trust-in-supervisor mediated the relationships between subordinatemoqiand empowerment. Third, subordinates' power distance orientation (PDO) could moderate the subordinatemoqi– leader empowerment relationship. When subordinates reported higher PDO, the relationships between subordinatemoqiand empowerment were more robust; likewise, subordinatemoqiwould have more significantly indirectly impacted empowerment via trust-in-supervisor.

Originality/value

Though researchers have discussed the impacts of subordinatemoqion subordinates' outcomes, the impact of subordinatemoqion supervisors' attitudes or behaviors remains unclear. The relationships between subordinatemoqiand supervisor empowerment behaviors are empirically ascertained by emphasizing the leader-subordinate dyadic process. The findings here suggested that subordinatemoqiboosted subordinates' trust-in-supervisor, andmoqiwould also predict the behaviors of leader empowerment. This study extended the PDO literature by identifying the moderating role of PDO in the subordinatemoqi– leader empowerment behavior relationship.
Agricultural intensification heightens food safety risks posed by wild birds
Authors: Smith Olivia M. , Edworthy Amanda , Taylor Joseph M. , Jones Matthew S. , Tormanen Aaron , Kennedy Christina M. , Fu Zhen , Latimer Christopher E. , Cornell Kevin A. , Michelotti Lucas A. , Sato Chika , Northfield Tobin , Snyder William E. , Owen Jeb P.
Published: August 2020

Agricultural intensification and simplification are key drivers of recent declines in wild bird populations, heightening the need to better balance conservation with food production. This is hindered, however, by perceptions that birds threaten food safety. While birds are known reservoirs of foodborne pathogens, there remains uncertainty about the links between landscape context, farming practices, and actual crop contamination by birds.

Here, we examine relationships between landscape context, farming practices, and pathogen contamination by birds using a barrier‐to‐spillover approach. First, we censused bird communities using point count surveys. Second, we collected 2,024 faecal samples from captured birds alongside 1,215 faecal samples from brassica fields and food processing areas across 50 farms spanning the USA West Coast. We then estimated the prevalence of three foodborne pathogens across landscape and livestock intensification gradients. Finally, we quantified the number of plants with faeces.

Campylobacter spp. were detected in 10.2% of faeces from captured birds and 13.1% of faeces from production areas. Non‐native birds were 4.1 times more likely to have Campylobacter spp. than native birds. Salmonella spp. were detected in 0.2% of faeces from production areas and were never detected in captured birds. We detected evidence of Shiga toxigenic E. coli in one sample across the >3,200 tested.

Campylobacter spp. prevalence in faeces from production areas increased with increasing mammalian livestock densities in the landscape but decreased with increasing amounts of natural habitat.

We encountered bird faeces on 3.3% of plants examined. Despite the impact on pathogen prevalence, amount of natural habitat in the landscape did not increase the number of plants with bird faeces, although on‐farm mammalian livestock density slightly did.

Synthesis and applications. Food safety and wildlife conservation are often thought to be in conflict. However, our findings suggest that natural habitat around farms may reduce crop contamination rates by birds. This is perhaps because natural habitat can promote native birds that are less likely to harbour foodborne pathogens or because it decreases contact with livestock waste. Our results suggest that preservation of natural habitats around farms could benefit both conservation and food safety, contrary to current standards for ‘best practices’.
Wood construction more strongly shapes deadwood microbial communities than spatial location over 5 years of decay
Authors: Lee Marissa R. , Oberle Brad , Olivas Wendy , Young Darcy F. , Zanne Amy E.
Published: August 2020

Diverse communities of fungi and bacteria in deadwood mediate wood decay. While rates of decomposition vary greatly among woody species and spatially distinct habitats, the relative importance of these factors in structuring microbial communities and whether these shift over time remains largely unknown. We characterized fungal and bacterial diversity within pieces of deadwood that experienced 6.3–98.8% mass loss while decaying in common garden ‘rotplots’ in a temperate oak‐hickory forest in the Ozark Highlands, MO, USA. Communities were isolated from 21 woody species that had been decomposing for 1–5 years in spatially distinct habitats at the landscape scale (top and bottom of watersheds) and within stems (top and bottom of stems). Microbial community structure varied more strongly with wood traits than with spatial locations, mirroring the relative role of these factors on decay rates on the same pieces of wood even after 5 years. Co‐occurring fungal and bacterial communities persistently influenced one another independently from their shared environmental conditions. However, the relative influence of wood construction versus spatial locations differed between fungi and bacteria, suggesting that life history characteristics of these clades structure diversity differently across space and time in decomposing wood.
Fact Checking is About What we Change not Just Who we Reach
Authors: Sippitt Amy , Moy Will
Published: August 2020

This article explores how the UK’s fact‐checking organisation Full Fact has sought to tackle misinformation since its inception in 2010. Full Fact describes itself as a ‘second generation’ fact‐checking organisation with dual aims of seeking to stop the spread of specific pieces of inaccurate information and using the evidence base from fact checking to secure systemic changes that help make misinformation rarer and less harmful. Ultimately, we are pursuing culture change. We are trying to create institutions in societies that can help anchor public debate to reality and to challenge the casual acceptance of deceptive and misleading behaviour.
Pitfalls of Computed Tomography 3D Reconstruction Models in Cranial Nonmetric Analysis*
Authors: Bertoglio Barbara , Corradin Sofia , Cappella Annalisa , Mazzarelli Debora , Biehler‐Gomez Lucie , Messina Carmelo , Pozzi Grazia , Sconfienza Luca Maria , Sardanelli Francesco , Sforza Chiarella , De Angelis Danilo , Cattaneo Cristina
Published: August 2020

Many studies in the literature have highlighted the utility of virtual 3D databanks as a substitute for real skeletal collections and the important application of radiological records in personal identification. However, none have investigated the accuracy of virtual material compared to skeletal remains in nonmetric variant analysis using 3D models. The present study investigates the accuracy of 20 computed tomography (CT) 3D reconstruction models compared to the real crania, focusing on the quality of the reproduction of the real crania and the possibility to detect 29 dental/cranial morphological variations in 3D images. An interobserver analysis was performed to evaluate trait identification, number, position, and shape. Results demonstrate a false bone loss in 3D models in some cranial regions, specifically the maxillary and occipital bones in 85% and 20% of the samples. Additional analyses revealed several difficulties in the detection of cranial nonmetric traits in 3D models, resulting in incorrect identification in circa 70% of the traits. In particular, pitfalls included the detection of erroneous position, error in presence/absence rates, in number, and in shape. The lowest percentages of correct evaluations were found in traits localized in the lateral side of the cranium and for the infraorbital suture, mastoid foramen, and crenulation. The present study highlights important pitfalls in CT scan when compared with the real crania for nonmetric analysis. This may have crucial consequences in cases where 3D databanks are used as a source of reference population data for nonmetric traits and pathologies and during bone‐CT comparisons for identification purposes.
Using the Delphi process to identify priorities for Dietetic research in Australia 2020‐2030
Authors: Porter Judi , Charlton Karen , Tapsell Linda , Truby Helen
Published: August 2020

Aim

This research aimed to use a consensus process to develop a framework and definition for nutrition and dietetic research, and to identify dietetic research priorities for Australia for the period 2020 to 2030.

Methods

A three‐round Delphi process was selected to enable dietitians with demonstrated research expertise to contribute to the national priority development. All Fellows of the Dietitians Association of Australia, Advanced Accredited Practising Dietitians and research leaders were invited to participate (n = 84). The questionnaire was distributed electronically using a 7‐point Likert scale. Rounds 1 and 2 asked participants to comment on the proposed research framework, definition of dietetic research and to rate a set of priorities categorised within seven themes. Fields were available for comments for revisions to each section. Approval was considered when ≥70% of participants ranked priorities as Agree or Strongly agree. In Round 3, participants were asked to rank the resultant priorities within themes.

Results

Through this Delphi process, Australian dietitians with demonstrated expertise contributed to and confirmed a framework and definition for dietetic Research. A ranked list of 15 priorities within five themes for dietetic Research in Australia for the period 2020‐2030 was developed: Healthy ageing; Vulnerable populations; Food systems and health/nutrition promotion; Informatics and evidence based practice and Achieving a balance between prevention and treatment approaches.

Conclusions

It is anticipated that results will lead to the development of a research strategy to focus future dietetic research efforts, including the development of professional position papers as well as informing research competencies for dietetic education.
Changes in functional properties of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) myofibrillar protein as affected by ultrasound‐assisted freezing
Authors: Sun Qinxiu , Zhang Chao , Li Qixuan , Xia Xiufang , Kong Baohua
Published: August 2020

Ultrasound‐assisted freezing (UF) has proven to be a method that can effectively increase the freezing rate of frozen food and improve its quality. The functional properties of myofibrillar proteins (MP) are important factors that affect the further processing quality of meat products. At present, the effect of UF on the functional properties of frozen MP is not yet clear. Therefore, in the present study, changes in the functional properties (emulsifying and gel properties) of MP in common carps (Cyprinus carpio) frozen with UF at different power levels were investigated. The results revealed that, compared with immersion freezing (IF), UF at 175 W (UF‐175) effectively inhibited the decrease in protein solubility, absolute Zeta potential, emulsion activity index, storage modulus (G'), and loss modulus (G'') caused by freezing. UF‐175 sample had lower protein turbidity, and smaller protein particle size than any other frozen samples (P < 0.05), which suggested that UF‐175 inhibited protein aggregation induced by freezing. In addition, shorter T21 and T22 relaxation times were obtained in UF‐175 sample than other frozen samples, indicating that UF‐175 reduced the mobility of immobilized and free water. Accordingly, UF‐175 sample had higher gel strength and water holding capacity than other frozen samples (P < 0.05). A denser and more uniform gel network structure was also found in UF‐175 sample than other frozen samples. In general, improved functional properties of common carp MP can be achieved by optimal UF.
Validation of a vapor‐phase advanced oxidation process for inactivating Listeria monocytogenes, its surrogate Lactobacillus fructivorans, and spoilage molds associated with green or red table grapes
Authors: Hasani Mahdiyeh , Wu Fan , Warriner Keith
Published: August 2020

A method based on vapor‐phase advanced oxidation process (AOP) for decontaminating red or green grapes was validated for inactivating Listeria monocytogenes and spoilage molds. A Central Composite Design (CCD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were applied to determine the contribution of UV‐C (254 nm) dose, hydrogen peroxide, and ozone concentration on the lethality toward Aspergillus niger spores (biodensiometer) and changes to the grape quality (firmness and color over 14‐day post‐treatment storage at 4 °C). A high UV‐C dose (>129 mJ/cm2) or >4.0 % v/v hydrogen peroxide induced‐blistering and darkening of grapes at the end of the storage period. Yet, an optimized AOP treatment (with regards to preserving grape quality) was derived to be 1.3% v/v hydrogen peroxide (5 mL/10 berries) with 9‐mg ozone gas and a UV‐C dose of 123 mJ/cm2 (10 s at UV‐C intensity of 12 mW/cm2). A predictive model was constructed and verified based on the log reduction of A. niger spores and changes in quality characteristics of red grapes. The optimal AOP treatment supported a 1.6‐log CFU/g reduction of Aspergillus spores and decreased L. monocytogenes counts by 3.92 ± 0.17 and 4.77 ± 0.30 log CFU/g on green and red grapes, respectively, that were not significantly different to the surrogate, Lactobacillus fructivorans. There was no significant difference in the reduction of L. monocytogenes with grapes arranged in a single or double layer. Botrytis cinerea counts were reduced by 1.08 to 1.35 log CFU/g using the optimized AOP treatment with no change in grape color or firmness during storage. A sensory panel could not differentiate AOP‐treated grapes from nontreated controls although 3 of 15 panelists did note subtle flavor notes.

Practical Application

Postharvest washing of fresh produce has limited efficacy in removing foodborne pathogens and spoilage microbes. This is especially relevant to berries, such as grapes, that are susceptible to spoilage following washing. The vapor‐phase AOP treatment provides a supplemental or alternative approach for produce decontamination. However, the operating parameters need to be optimized to ensure that decontamination of grapes is not at the expense of quality. In the current study, this was achieved by ensuring a balance between hydrogen peroxide, ozone, and UV‐C dose that form the elements of an AOP treatment.
Prevalence of Cilioretinal Arteries: A systematic review and a prospective cross‐sectional observational study
Authors: Schneider Miklos , Molnar Adel , Angeli Orsolya , Szabo Dorottya , Bernath Fruzsina , Hajdu Dorottya , Gombocz Eszter , Mate Balint , Jiling Balint , Nagy Balazs Vince , Nagy Zoltan Zsolt , Peto Tunde , Papp Andras
Published: August 2020

Purpose

To review studies focusing on cilioretinal arteries (CLRA) in order to assess the overall prevalence and establish the prevalence of CLRA in a Hungarian Caucasian population.

Methods #1

Systematic literature review of published studies with at least 100 participants.

Methods #2

Non‐mydriatic digital colour photographs were taken of 1000 consecutively enrolled healthy Caucasian young adult volunteers. Images were graded by two trained independent observers. Number and location of identified cilioretinal arteries were recorded and statistically analysed.

Results #1

Prevalence of CLRA ranges from 6.9% to 49.5%. Detection with fluorescein angiography yields the highest values followed by fundus photography and ophthalmoscopy. Unilateral presence of CLRA is between 70.30% and 93.65%, and temporal location is between 80.77% and 100%.

Results #2

We found at least one CLRA in 36.5% of the participants and in 22.75% of all the examined eyes. Cilioretinal arteries (CLRA) were unilateral in 75.34% and bilateral in 24.66%. Of all the identified CLRA, 96.16% were originating from the temporal rim of the optic disc. We identified at least one temporal CLRA supplying the macula in 28% of the participants and 16.95% of the examined eyes.

Conclusion

Prevalence of CLRA varies depending on identification method. Unilateral presence is unequivocally more frequent similarly to temporal location. From a risk of bias standpoint, high‐quality studies are rare. Our data on the distribution pattern of CLRA are similar to that in the international literature. Based on our findings, we assume that slightly more than one‐third of the Hungarian Caucasian population has a CLRA.
Prefrontal inhibition of neuronal Kv7 channels enhances prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle reflex and resistance to hypofrontality
Authors: Wang Jing , Yu Wenwen , Gao Qin , Ju Chuanxia , Wang KeWei
Published: August 2020

Background and Purpose

Dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in the cognitive deficits in neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, characterized by deficient neurotransmission known as NMDA receptor hypofrontality. Thus, enhancing prefrontal activity may alleviate hypofrontality‐induced cognitive deficits. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of forebrain‐specific suppression or pharmacological inhibition of native Kv7/KCNQ/M‐current on glutamatergic hypofrontality induced by the NMDA receptor antagonist MK‐801.

Experimental Approach

The forebrain‐specific inhibition of native M‐current was generated by transgenic expression, in mice, of a dominant‐negative pore mutant G279S of Kv7.2/KCNQ2 channels that suppresses channel function. A mouse model of cognitive impairment was established by single i.p. injection of 0.1 mg·kg−1 MK‐801. Mouse models of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle reflex and Y‐maze spontaneous alternation test were used for evaluation of cognitive behaviour. Hippocampal brain slice recordings of LTP were used to assess synaptic plasticity. Hippocampus and cortex were dissected for detecting protein expression using western blot analysis.

Key Results

Genetic suppression of Kv7 channel function in the forebrain or pharmacological inhibition of Kv7 channels by the specific blocker XE991 enhanced PPI and also alleviated MK‐801 induced cognitive decline. XE991 also attenuated MK‐801‐induced LTP deficits and increased basal synaptic transmissions. Western blot analysis revealed that inhibiting Kv7 channels resulted in elevation of pAkt1 and pGSK‐3β expressions in both hippocampus and cortex.

Conclusions and Implications

Both genetic and pharmacological inhibition of Kv7 channels alleviated PPI and cognitive deficits. Mechanistically, inhibition of Kv7 channels promotes synaptic transmission and activates Akt1/GSK‐3β signalling.
What is intersectionality and why is it important in oral health research?
Authors: Elaine Muirhead Vanessa , Milner Adrienne , Freeman Ruth , Doughty Janine , Macdonald Mary Ellen
Published: August 2020

This paper is the second of two reviews that seek to stimulate debate on new and neglected avenues in oral health research. The first commissioned narrative review, “Inclusion oral health: Advancing a theoretical framework for policy, research and practice”, published in February 2020, explored social exclusion, othering and intersectionality. In it, we argued that people who experience social exclusion face a “triple threat”: they are separated from mainstream society, stigmatized by the dental profession, and severed from wider health and social care systems because of the disconnection between oral health and general health. We proposed a definition ofinclusion oral healthand a theoretical framework to advance the policy, research and practice agenda. This second review delves further into the concept of intersectionality, arguing that individuals who are socially excluded experience multiple forms of discrimination, stigma and disadvantage that reflect intersecting social identities. We first provide a theoretical and historical overview of intersectionality, rooted in Black feminist ideologies in the United States. Our working definition of intersectionality, requiring the simultaneous appreciation of multiple social identities, an examination of power and inequality, and a recognition of changing social contexts, then sets the scene for examining existing applications of intersectionality in oral health research. A critique of the sparse application of intersectionality in oral health research highlights missed opportunities and shortcomings related to paradigmatic and epistemological differences, a lack of robust theoretically engaged quantitative and mixed methods research, and a failure to sufficiently consider power from an intersectionality perspective. The final section proposes a framework to guide future oral health research that embraces an intersectionality agenda consisting of descriptive research to deepen our understanding of intersectionality, and transformative research to tackle social injustice and inequities through participatory research and co‐production.
Climate change and ageing in ectotherms
Authors: Burraco Pablo , Orizaola Germán , Monaghan Pat , Metcalfe Neil B.
Published: August 2020

Human activity is changing climatic conditions at an unprecedented rate. The impact of these changes may be especially acute on ectotherms since they have limited capacities to use metabolic heat to maintain their body temperature. An increase in temperature is likely to increase the growth rate of ectothermic animals, and may also induce thermal stress via increased exposure to heat waves. Fast growth and thermal stress are metabolically demanding, and both factors can increase oxidative damage to essential biomolecules, accelerating the rate of ageing. Here, we explore the potential impact of global warming on ectotherm ageing through its effects on reactive oxygen species production, oxidative damage, and telomere shortening, at the individual and intergenerational levels. Most evidence derives primarily from vertebrates, although the concepts are broadly applicable to invertebrates. We also discuss candidate mechanisms that could buffer ectotherms from the potentially negative consequences of climate change on ageing. Finally, we suggest some potential applications of the study of ageing mechanisms for the implementation of conservation actions. We find a clear need for more ecological, biogeographical, and evolutionary studies on the impact of global climate change on patterns of ageing rates in wild populations of ectotherms facing warming conditions. Understanding the impact of warming on animal life histories, and on ageing in particular, needs to be incorporated into the design of measures to preserve biodiversity to improve their effectiveness.
Diverse Ways of Thinking and Performing Return Migration: Colombians and Romanians in Europe
Authors: Bermudez Anastasia , Paraschivescu Claudia
Published: August 2020

A transnational‐mobility approach helps us understand better the ways in which current migrants consider and experience return migration in the European context, taking into account how different factors enabling and constraining return intersect with each other to expose increasingly complex mobilities. We explore this by looking at the experiences of two migrant groups, Colombians and Romanians, considering socio‐economic and political contexts, family circumstances and sense of belonging in return perceptions and experiences. Based on in‐depth studies using mostly qualitative data, the analysis focuses on three categories: migrant return considerations, experiences of return to the country of origin and mixed mobilities involving return. We find that some migrants relate to, or engage in, return as part of open‐ended mobilities based on both structural and emotional considerations, in the process disturbing notions of what is “home” or “host” in relation to the country of origin and settlement.
Are firm characteristics priced differently between opposite short‐sales regimes?
Authors: Bai Min
Published: August 2020

This paper examines how the short‐sales constraints on stocks affect the pricing of firm characteristics—size, book‐to‐market ratio, liquidity, earnings‐to‐price ratio and dividend yield. Using a unique feature of Hong Kong regulations on short selling that, at each point of time, only a designated list of stocks can be sold short, we find that stocks not allowed to be sold short have higher adjusted returns, exhibit more prominent size effect and offer higher compensation for lagged illiquidity than stocks that can be sold short. The results also indicate that the presence of both short‐sales constraints and opinion dispersion would cause contemporaneous returns to rise and future returns to fall by more than those caused by the opinion dispersion only. Practically, when financial analysts evaluate the stocks, or fund managers construct their trading strategies based on some financial anomalies, the shortability of the assets has to be a very important factor to be considered.
The dynamics of migrants’ matrimonial relationship and family ties in exodus and places of arrival (in the cities of Lensk, Yakutsk, Mirny)
Authors: Dekabrina Vinokurova
Published: August 2020

This article analyses the influence of family ties on migration and discusses the selection and dynamic of changes that depend on the duration of residence in the Republic of Sakha, Russian Far East. The article is based on a study in three Far Eastern industrial towns, Lensk, Mirny and Yakutsk, where people were questioned about the history and motivations for their change of residence. The data is complemented with anthropological long time fieldwork. To explain the migration processes in the region, the data was placed in historical and economic context. Apart from migration, vectors were also the respondents’ connections to different places and their families. This is the first large study of the migration where data was collected using questionnaires, whereas earlier researchers failed to pay sufficient attention to the types and duration of migrant family relationships in the places of exodus. The research demonstrates differences in dynamics and reasons behind the migration, but also reveals a picture of a highly mobile population in the Russian Far East.
Piezo/pyro/photo‐catalysis activities in Ba0.85Ca0.15(Ti0.9Zr0.1)1‐xFexO3 ceramics
Authors: Sharma Moolchand , Vaish Rahul
Published: August 2020

Ba0.85Ca0.15(Ti0.9Zr0.1)1‐xFexO3 (x = 0, 0.5, and 1%) ceramics were studied for piezocatalysis, photocatalysis, and pyrocatalysis using dye degradation in the simulated wastewater. The effect of electrical poling was also performed and found a significant impact of poling on all three catalytic reactions. Fe decreased the optical bandgap of Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.9Zr0.1O3 (BCZTO) to the visible region. Bandgap for x = 0, 0.005, and 0.01 was found to be 3.14 eV, 2.75 eV, and 2.61 eV, respectively. Interestingly, visible light photocatalytic activity was observed after Fe inclusion in BCZTO lattice. These compositions have also demonstrated dye degradation under ultrasonication (piezocatalytsis) and during temporal temperature change (pyrocatalysis). Results indicate promising multicatalysis in BCZTO ceramics which can be tuned using Fe substitution.
Cognitive and affective processes for learning science in immersive virtual reality
Authors: Parong Jocelyn , Mayer Richard E.
Published: August 2020

As immersive virtual reality (IVR) systems proliferate in classrooms, it is important to understand how they affect learning outcomes and the underlying affective and cognitive processes that may cause these outcomes. Proponents argue that IVR could improve learning by increasing positive affective and cognitive processing, thereby supporting improved performance on tests of learning outcome, whereas opponents of IVR contend that it could hurt learning by increasing distraction, thereby disrupting cognitive learning processes and leading to poorer learning outcomes. In a media comparison study, students viewed a biology lesson either as an interactive animated journey in IVR or as a slideshow on a desktop monitor. Those who viewed the IVR lesson performed significantly worse on transfer tests, reported higher emotional arousal, reported more extraneous cognitive load and showed less engagement based on EEG measures than those who viewed the slideshow lesson, with or without practice questions added to the lessons. Mediational analyses showed that the lower retention scores for the IVR lesson were related to an increase in self‐reported extraneous cognitive load and emotional arousal. These results support the notion that immersive environments create high affective and cognitive distraction, which leads to poorer learning outcomes than desktop environments.
Acute left atrial ridge lesion after cryoballoon ablation: How does this affect left atrial appendage closure combined procedure?
Authors: Ren Zhongyuan , Jia Peng , Wang Songyun , Li Shuang , Li Hailing , Guo Rong , Zhang Jingying , Zhang Jun , Yang Haotian , Meng Weilun , Zheng Yixing , Xu Yawei , Zhao Dongdong
Published: August 2020

Background

Acute left atrial ridge (LAR) lesions have been observed following atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. However, LAR lesions had not yet been quantitatively evaluated and their influence on procedure combining cryoballoon (CB) ablation with left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) remained to be explored.

Methods

The profile of LAR lesions was measured by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in 117 consecutive nonvalvular AF patients, who underwent the combined procedure of CB ablation and LAAC. We thoroughly investigated how LAR lesions correlated with baseline variables and clinical outcomes.

Results

A total of 95 out of 96 available TEE images presented prominent acute LAR lesions. In terms of dimensions, there was a greater change in width (Δwidth = 3.6 ± 2.3 mm) than the thickness (Δthickness = 2.6 ± 3.5 mm), and the outer ostium was narrowed (Δouter ostium diameter = −3.4 ± 4.0 mm), while the inner ostium remained unchanged. A higher nadir temperature when freezing the left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV) led to an LAR lesion with a two times greater width (adjusted odds ratio = 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.31). In the evaluation of LAAC outcomes, four patients implanted with Watchman devices had minimal residual flow at the inferior border, while two implanted with LAmbre devices developed residual flow at the LAR side. Clinical outcomes were similar between groups divided by lesion size.

Conclusion

Acute LAR lesions frequently occurred following the CB ablation combined procedure, and lesion width positively correlates with LSPV nadir temperature. The presence of these lesions affects the measurement of pacifier devices but has little impact on that of occluder devices.
The evolving field of Dermato‐oncology and the role of dermatologists: Position Paper of the EADO, EADV and Task Forces, EDF, IDS, EBDV–UEMS and EORTC Cutaneous Lymphoma Task Force
Authors: Garbe C. , Peris K. , Soura E. , Forsea A.M. , Hauschild A. , Arenbergerova M. , Bylaite M. , del Marmol V. , Bataille V. , Samimi M. , Gandini S. , Saiag P. , Eigentler T.K. , Lallas A. , Zalaudek I. , Lebbe C. , Grob J.‐J. , Hoeller C. , Robert C. , Dréno B. , Arenberger P. , Kandolf‐Sekulovic L. , Kaufmann R. , Malvehy J. , Puig S. , Leiter U. , Ribero S. , Papadavid E. , Quaglino P. , Bagot M. , John S.M. , Richard M.‐A. , Trakatelli M. , Salavastru C. , Borradori L. , Marinovic B. , Enk A. , Pincelli C. , Ioannides D. , Paul C. , Stratigos A.J.
Published: August 2020

Background

The incidence of skin cancers has been increasing steadily over the last decades. Although there have been significant breakthroughs in the management of skin cancers with the introduction of novel diagnostic tools and innovative therapies, skin cancer mortality, morbidity and costs heavily burden the society.

Objective

Members of the European Association of Dermato‐Oncology, European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, International Dermoscopy Society, European Dermatology Forum, European Board of Dermatovenereology of the European Union of Medical Specialists and EORTC Cutaneous Lymphoma Task Force have joined this effort to emphasize the fundamental role that the specialist in Dermatology–Venereology has in the diagnosis and management of different types of skin cancer. We review the role of dermatologists in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and follow‐up of patients with melanoma, non‐melanoma skin cancers and cutaneous lymphomas, and discuss approaches to optimize their involvement in effectively addressing the current needs and priorities of dermato‐oncology.

Discussion

Dermatologists play a crucial role in virtually all aspects of skin cancer management including the implementation of primary and secondary prevention, the formation of standardized pathways of care for patients, the establishment of specialized skin cancer treatment centres, the coordination of an efficient multidisciplinary team and the setting up of specific follow‐up plans for patients.

Conclusion

Skin cancers represent an important health issue for modern societies. The role of dermatologists is central to improving patient care and outcomes. In view of the emerging diagnostic methods and treatments for early and advanced skin cancer, and considering the increasingly diverse skills, knowledge and expertise needed for managing this heterogeneous group of diseases, dermato‐oncology should be considered as a specific subspecialty of Dermatology–Venereology.
Objective shade matching, communication, and reproduction by combining dental photography and numeric shade quantification
Authors: Hein Sascha , Modrić Danijela , Westland Stephen , Tomeček Martin
Published: August 2020

Objective

The subject of this case report is the application of a newly developed workflow for objective shade communication sans visual shade assessment or the use of shade guides.

Clinical Considerations

Clinical complications stemming from issues relating to esthetic integration can present a burden on the restorative team, often resulting in strenuous relationships among its members. The faithful imitation of the optical appearance of dental hard tissues with direct‐ and indirect restorations has been at the center of interest in a great number of publications from the realm of esthetic dentistry over the past 40 years. The present report describes a new approach to objective shade communication, by transcending the role of dental photography from its purely descriptive purpose to the level of quantification, thus abandoning the use of the established shading regimes and replacing them with a patient personal shade recipe based on the CIELAB color space instead.

Conclusions

Objective shade communication is possible with the eLAB system by combining numeric shade quantification with dental photography.

Clinical Significance

The eLAB system presents a viable alternative to the traditional approach to shade communication and shade matching in dentistry.
Barriers to hepatitis C direct‐acting antiviral therapy among HIV/hepatitis C virus‐coinfected persons
Authors: Jatt Lauren P. , Gandhi Malini M. , Guo Rong , Sukhija‐Cohen Adam , Bhattacharya Debika , Tseng Chi‐hong , Chew Kara W.
Published: August 2020

Background and Aim

Direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) have increased hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment opportunities for vulnerable HIV/HCV coinfected persons. The aim of this study was to identify the frequency of and potential barriers to DAA prescription in HIV/HCV patients during the first few years of DAA availability in the United States.

Methods

The AIDS Healthcare Foundation electronic medical record system was queried to identify all HCV viremic HIV‐infected patients in care at AIDS Healthcare Foundation Healthcare centers in January 2015–August 2017 and compare characteristics by receipt of a DAA prescription. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine factors associated with DAA prescription.

Results

Of 826 eligible patients, 355 (43%) were prescribed a DAA; among those not prescribed a DAA, 301 (64%) had well‐controlled HIV (HIV RNA ≤ 200 copies per mL). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, patients with a history of substance use (odds ratio [OR], 0.51 [95% confidence interval 0.35–0.73]) or on select HIV antiretroviral regimens were less likely to be prescribed a DAA. Those who had well‐controlled HIV (OR, 5.03 [3.06–8.27]), CD4 + T cell count >200 cells per mm3 (OR, 1.85 [1.04–3.30]), estimated glomerular filtration rate >60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (OR, 3.32 [1.08–10.15]), or established care prior to January 2015 (OR, 1.57 [1.08–2.29] were more likely to be prescribed a DAA.

Conclusions

In addition to lack of HIV suppression, select antiretroviral regimens, substance use, and kidney disease appeared to limit DAA prescription in the early interferon‐free DAA era. Many were not prescribed DAAs despite HIV suppression. Further research is needed to determine if the observed associations persist today.
Effects of Transitions to Family Caregiving on Well‐Being: A Longitudinal Population‐Based Study
Authors: Haley William E. , Roth David L. , Sheehan Orla C. , Rhodes J. David , Huang Jin , Blinka Marcela D. , Howard Virginia J.
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

Few studies have rigorously examined the magnitude of changes in well‐being after a transition into sustained and substantial caregiving, especially in population‐based studies, compared with matched noncaregiving controls.

DESIGN

We identified individuals from a national epidemiological investigation who transitioned into caregiving over a 10‐ to 13‐year follow‐up and provided continuous in‐home care for at least 18 months and at least 5 hours per week. Individuals who did not become caregivers were individually matched with caregivers on age, sex, race, education, marital status, self‐rated health, and history of cardiovascular disease at baseline. Both groups were assessed at baseline and follow‐up.

SETTING

REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke study.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 251 incident caregivers and 251 matched controls.

MEASUREMENTS

Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), 10‐Item Center for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression (CES‐D), and 12‐item Short‐Form Health Survey quality‐of‐life mental (MCS) and physical (PCS) component scores.

RESULTS

Caregivers showed significantly greater worsening in PSS, CES‐D, and MCS, with standardized effect sizes ranging from 0.676 to 0.796 compared with changes in noncaregivers. A significant but smaller effect size was found for worsening PCS in caregivers (0.242). Taking on sustained caregiving was associated with almost a tripling of increased risk of transitioning to clinically significant depressive symptoms at follow‐up. Effects were not moderated by race, sex, or relationship to care recipient, but younger caregivers showed greater increases in CES‐D than older caregivers.

CONCLUSION

Persons who began substantial, sustained family caregiving had marked worsening of psychological well‐being, and relatively smaller worsening of self‐reported physical health, compared with carefully matched noncaregivers. Previous estimates of effect sizes on caregiver well‐being have had serious limitations due to use of convenience sampling and cross‐sectional comparisons. Researchers, public policy makers, and clinicians should note these strong effects, and caregiver assessment and service provision for psychological well‐being deserve increased priority.
Beliefs about inevitable decline among home‐living older adults at risk of malnutrition: a qualitative study
Authors: Payne L. , Harris P. , Ghio D. , Slodkowska‐Barabasz J. , Sutcliffe M. , Kelly J. , Stroud M. , Little P. , Yardley L. , Morrison L.
Published: August 2020

Background

Approximately 14% of free‐living adults aged ≥65 years are at risk of malnutrition. Malnutrition screen and treat interventions in primary care are few, show mixed results, and the advice given is not always accepted and followed. We need to better understand the experiences and contexts of older adults when aiming to develop interventions that are engaging, optimally persuasive and relevant.

Methods

Using the Person‐based Approach, we carried out 23 semi‐structured interviews with purposively selected adults ≥65 years with chronic health or social conditions associated with malnutrition risk. Thematic analysis informed the development of key principles to guide planned intervention development.

Results

We found that individuals’ beliefs about an inevitable decline in appetite and eating in older age compound the many and varied physical and physiological barriers that they experience. Also, we found that expectations of decline in appetite and physical ability may encourage resignation, reduce self‐efficacy to overcome barriers, and reduce motivation to address weight loss and/or recognise it as an issue that needs to be addressed. Fear of loss of independence may also reduce the likelihood of asking general practitioners for advice.

Conclusions

The key findings identified include a sense of resignation, multiple different barriers to eating and a need for independence, each underpinned by the expectation of a decline in older adulthood. Interventions need to address misperceptions about the inevitability of decline, highlight how and why diet recommendations are somewhat different from recommendations for the general population, and suggest easy ways to increase food intake that address common barriers.