bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
­­­Rudgea agresteophila and R. hileiabaiana (Palicoureeae, Rubiaceae): two new species from eastern Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Bruniera Carla Poleselli , Zappi Daniela Cristina , Groppo Milton
Published: March 2015

This work is part of a larger ongoing study of taxonomy and systematics of Rudgea (Rubiaceae), with the recognition of two new Brazilian species, R. agresteophila and R. hileiabaiana, described and illustrated here. The new species occur in the eastern Bahia State, Brazil, which is a place of high diversity for Rudgea. Rudgea agresteophila is morphologically distinct within the genus, by the combination of thickly coriaceous leaves, flowers with long calyx-tube and fruits crowned by a persistent calyx up to 6 mm long; and is known only from the type locality, in the municipality of Jequié. Rudgea hileiabaiana is distinguished by its coriaceous leaves, up to 30 cm long and round to cordate base, broadly infundibular corolla and unexpanded calyx; and it is restricted to southern Bahia. Detailed data on distribution and habitat, phenology and conservation status of both species are presented.
Bellevalia koyuncui sp. nova (Asparagaceae): a new species from South Eastern Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: KARABACAK OSMAN , YILDIRIM HASAN , MARTİN ESRA
Published: March 2015

Bellevalia Lapeyrouse (1808: 425) is a genus comprising about 65 species and subspecies distributed over the Mediterranean region (Bareka et al. 2008, Jafari & Maassoumi 2008, Borzatti von Loewenstern et al. 2013).       Wendelbo (1984) reported 18 taxa, seven of which endemic to the country. In further studies, Wendelbo (1985) reduced Bellevalia latifolia Feinbrun (1940: 369) to a synonym of B. olivieri (Baker 1874: 8) Wendelbo (1985: 120). Since then, three species were published by Özhatay (2000), while Johnson (2003) reduced B. pycnantha (Koch 1849: 255) Losinskaja (1935: 310) to a synonym of B. paradoxa (Fischer & Meyer 1835: 30) Boissier (1882: 308). In recent years, four more species, B. leucantha Persson (2006: 253), B. malatyaensis Uzunh. & H.Duman in Uzunhisarcıklı et al. (2013: 652), B. chrisii Yıldırım & B.Şahin in Yıldırım et al. (2015: in press) and B. pseudolongipes Karabacak & Yıldırım in Karabacak et al. (2014: 210) were described. In this study, we present a further new species, Bellevalia koyuncui, endemic to Turkey.
Fried spicy Linnaeus—the consequences of indiscriminate citation of authors of scientific names
Authors: KOTTELAT MAURICE
Published: March 2015

Field work provides biologists with opportunities not only to observe and collect the organisms needed for their research, but also to collect information on the use of natural resources. Among ichthyologists, the most common method for the latter is probably culinary exploration. As a fish taxonomist, one of the most surprising offers I have ever had was to eat "Linnaeus". At first glance this sounded like the parricidal and canibalistic resolution of a taxonomic oedipus complex.
Sensitivity of Precipitation Accumulation in Elevated Convective Systems to Small Changes in Low-Level Moisture
Authors: Schumacher Russ S.
Published: March 2015

Using a method for initiating a quasi-stationary, heavy-rain-producing elevated mesoscale convective system in an idealized numerical modeling framework, a series of experiments is conducted in which a shallow layer of drier air is introduced within the near-surface stable layer. The environment is still very moist in the experiments, with changes to the column-integrated water vapor of only 0.3%–1%. The timing and general evolution of the simulated convective systems are very similar, but rainfall accumulation at the surface is changed by a much larger fraction than the reduction in moisture, with point precipitation maxima reduced by up to 29% and domain-averaged precipitation accumulations reduced by up to 15%. The differences in precipitation are partially attributed to increases in the evaporation rate in the shallow subcloud layer, though this is found to be a secondary effect. More importantly, even though the near-surface layer has strong convective inhibition in all simulations and the convective available potential energy of the most unstable parcels is unchanged, convection is less intense in the experiments with drier subcloud layers because less air originating in that layer rises in convective updrafts. An additional experiment with a cooler near-surface layer corroborates these findings. The results from these experiments suggest that convective systems assumed to be elevated are, in fact, drawing air from near the surface unless the low levels are very stable. Considering that the moisture differences imposed here are comparable to observational uncertainties in low-level temperature and moisture, the strong sensitivity of accumulated precipitation to these quantities has implications for the predictability of extreme rainfall.
On the Crossover of Boundary Currents in an Idealized Model of the Red Sea
Authors: Zhai Ping , Pratt Larry J. , Bower Amy
Published: March 2015

The west-to-east crossover of boundary currents has been seen in mean circulation schemes from several past models of the Red Sea. This study investigates the mechanisms that produce and control the crossover in an idealized, eddy-resolving numerical model of the Red Sea. The authors also review the observational evidence and derive an analytical estimate for the crossover latitude. The surface buoyancy loss increases northward in the idealized model, and the resultant mean circulation consists of an anticyclonic gyre in the south and a cyclonic gyre in the north. In the midbasin, the northward surface flow crosses from the western boundary to the eastern boundary. Numerical experiments with different parameters indicate that the crossover latitude of the boundary currents changes with f0, β, and the meridional gradient of surface buoyancy forcing. In the analytical estimate, which is based on quasigeostrophic, β-plane dynamics, the crossover is predicted to lie at the latitude where the net potential vorticity advection (including an eddy component) is zero. Various terms in the potential vorticity budget can be estimated using a buoyancy budget, a thermal wind balance, and a parameterization of baroclinic instability.
An Initialization Method for Idealized Channel Simulations
Authors: Terpstra Annick , Spengler Thomas
Published: March 2015

Idealized model simulations have long been established as valuable tools to gain insight into atmospheric phenomena by providing a simplified, easier to comprehend version of the complex atmospheric system. A specific subgroup of idealized simulations, such as baroclinic channel models, requires the initialization of the model with balanced atmospheric fields to investigate the evolution of an introduced perturbation. The quality of these simulations depends on the degree of balance of the initial state, as imbalances result in geostrophic and hydrostatic adjustment processes that potentially skew the results. In this paper, a general method to create geostrophically and hydrostatically balanced initial conditions is introduced. The major benefit of this method is the possibility to directly define a basic state wind field with the pertinent atmospheric fields being derived given appropriate boundary conditions. Application of the method is exemplified by constructing initial conditions for a baroclinic test case with WRF and analyzing a perturbed and unperturbed numerical simulation. The unperturbed simulation exhibits weak inertia–gravity wave activity and minimal adjustment of the initial state during a 5-day simulation, which confirms the high degree of initial balance provided by the initialization technique. In the perturbed simulation, baroclinic instability is initiated, resulting in a cyclogenesis event similar to previous idealized baroclinic channel simulations. The proposed method is compared with initial conditions formulated in a Boussinesq framework, illustrating the difference in imbalances and their effect on perturbation growth.
Fairness, envy, guilt and greed: Building equity considerations into agency theory
Authors: Pepper Alexander , Gosling Tom , Gore Julie
Published: March 2015

In this article we examine the extent to which fairness considerations are salient to senior executives, and consider the implications for agency theory, tournament theory and the design of top-management incentives. We look for patterns in a unique data set of senior executive preferences and seek explanations for these patterns using a model of fairness first advanced by Fehr and Schmidt in 1999. We propose a number of amendments to Fehr and Schmidt’s model. We challenge some of the standard tenets of agency theory and tournament theory, demonstrating why equity considerations should be taken into account. We add to the growing literature on behavioural agency theory.
Self-harm and ethnicity: A systematic review
Authors: Al-Sharifi Ali , Krynicki Carl R , Upthegrove Rachel
Published: March 2015

Aims:

This review will focus on the rates, clinical characteristics, risk factors and methods of self-harm and suicide in different ethnic groups in the United Kingdom, providing an update synthesis of recent literature.

Methods:

Studies that met the inclusion criteria between 2003 and 2013 were reviewed using the following databases: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE and CINAHL. The methodological quality of each study was then assessed using a structured scoring system.

Results:

A total of 2,362 articles were retrieved, 10 of which matched the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Significant differences were found in the rates of self-harm between ethnic groups with Asian males being least likely to self-harm and Black females being most likely to self-harm. Also, Black and South Asian people were less likely to repeat self-harm. Factors that may help protect or predispose individuals to self-harm or attempt suicide (such as religion, mental health and coping styles) also differ between ethnic groups.

Conclusions:

There are clear ethnic differences in self-harm and suicide, which may be affected by factors such as cultural pressures and prevalence of mental illness. An awareness of these differences is vital to help prevent further attempts of self-harm and suicide. Further research into differences between ethnic and cultural groups and self-harm continues to be important.
From “bush” to “farm”: Emplacement and displacement in contemporary white Zimbabwean narratives
Authors: Tagwirei Cuthbeth , de Kock Leon
Published: March 2015

In this article we discuss how places of belonging are imagined in relatively recent white Zimbabwean narratives dealing with issues of land, landscape, and belonging. Two white Zimbabwean narratives, Peter Rimmer’s Cry of the Fish Eagle (1993) and Douglas Rogers’ The Last Resort (2009), are read for the ways in which the paradoxically imagined spaces of the “bush” and the “farm” can be seen to enable, in alternate forms, exigent accommodations with place under different historical and political circumstances. In Cry of the Fish Eagle, which preceded Zimbabwe’s land reform process of the 2000s, “bush” is a privileged category by virtue of its supra-national allowance of a claim to white belonging in “Africa” at large. In The Last Resort, on the other hand, the “bush” is a derelict wilderness rescued by the ingenuity of white subjects, who create “farms” of splendid regenerative capacity in an effort to purchase belonging in the Zimbabwean nation-state.
Effect of Antimuscarinic Autoantibodies in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: Kim N. , Shin Y. , Choi S. , Namkoong E. , Kim M. , Lee J. , Song Y. , Park K.
Published: March 2015

The presence of functional autoantibodies against the muscarinic type 3 receptor (M3R) has been reported in primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). However, the pathogenic role of these autoantibodies in pSS development remains to be elucidated. In this experiment, we investigated a pathologic role of pSS autoantibodies (pSS IgG) associated with downregulation of the major histocompatibility complex I (MHC I) molecule with M3R through internalization. Anti-M3R autoantibodies in purified control and pSS IgG were detected using 4 synthesized cyclic M3R peptides by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The binding reactivity of pSS IgG to M3R in situ was analyzed by a dual immunostaining method. Surface expression, interaction, and internalization of M3R with MHC I were analyzed by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and biochemical assays. Synthetic cyclic peptides M3RP205-221 and M3RP520-527 showed significantly high reactivity with pSS IgG compared to the control IgG or the other 3 peptides ( P < 0.05). Significantly high reactivity of pSS IgG to M3R in situ was observed. PSS IgG increased the interaction of membrane M3R with MHC I and induced their internalization in primary human submandibular gland cells. The pSS IgG-induced internalization of M3R with MHC I was significantly inhibited by the cholesterol-sequestering drug filipin. Our novel finding—namely, strong downregulation of the membrane MHC I with M3R through internalization of the cholesterol-rich microdomain associating with anti-M3R autoantibodies—could be an important mechanism contributing to the impaired salivation seen in pSS and linking secretory hypofunction to autoimmune pathogenesis.
Physical and Verbal Assaults Behind Bars
Authors: Stacer Melissa J. , Solinas-Saunders Monica
Published: March 2015

Returning military troops have garnered attention, but there is little focus on veterans in the correctional setting. Approximately 11% of U.S. inmates are veterans, and there are striking similarities between military and prison life. Because veterans have experience with institutional settings, one hypothesis is that incarcerated veterans will better adapt to prison compared with non-veterans and will be less likely to engage in misconduct. This article measures prison misconduct, focusing on serious interpersonal violations, specifically verbal and physical assaults. Findings illustrate that there are no differences between veteran and non-veteran inmates in the likelihood of this kind of misconduct.
A treacherous case of primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the bone: appearances can be deceptive
Authors: Anyfanti Panagiota , Gouridou Eugenia , Tsinaridis Apostolos , Bekiaropoulos Dimitrios , Argyropoulos Eleftherios , Sousos Nikolaos , Petrou Ioannis , Papathanasiou Maria , Morichovitou Anthi , Damianidis Georgios , Bakatselos Spyros
Published: March 2015

Introduction

Primary lymphoma of the bone constitutes an extremely rare but distinctive clinical entity, accounting for approximately 3% of all primary bone malignancies and less than 1% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas.

Case presentation

We report a rare case of a male patient with an atypical clinical presentation of non-Hodgkin primary lymphoma of the bone, initially misdiagnosed as ankylosing spondylitis. To our knowledge, this is the first case in the literature in which magnetic resonance imaging was contra-indicated. The atypical radiological imaging of the tumor, despite its aggressiveness, rendered the diagnostic approach a challenging but strenuous process.

Conclusion

Plain radiographs and even computerized tomography images of primary lymphoma of the bone may appear as normal, but other imaging modalities should be used including radionuclide scans, especially when imaging techniques of greater accuracy such as magnetic resonance imaging are contraindicated. A patient-centred approach with emphasis on the main symptoms is the key to the diagnostic challenge of revealing the extremely unusual cases of primary lymphoma of the bone.
The effects of recycling process on thermal, chemical, rheological, and mechanical properties of PC/ABS binary and PA6/PC/ABS ternary blends
Authors: Kuram Emel , Ozcelik Babur , Yilmaz Faruk
Published: March 2015

In this study, polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (PC/ABS) and polyamide 6/PC/ABS (PA6/PC/ABS) blends were reprocessed (recycled) five times and the influences of multiple molding processes on the thermal, chemical, morphological, rheological, and mechanical properties of the recycled and virgin specimens were investigated. The impact strength, tensile properties (elastic modulus, strength, and strain at break), and flexural properties (modulus and strength) were measured to determine the mechanical properties of the blends. The rheology of the samples was evaluated via measuring the melt flow index (MFI). It was concluded that the chemical structures, melting temperatures, and thermal properties of both blends did not significantly change with recycling. From the mechanical tests, in general, it was found that increasing the number of recycling processes did not considerably alter the flexural properties and tensile strength of PC/ABS blends, but decreased their MFI and impact strength. On the other hand, the elastic modulus and tensile strength of PA6/PC/ABS decreased with the number of recycling processes, whereas MFI, flexural properties, and impact strength of the ternary blends improved.
Radiological protection in North American naturally occurring radioactive material industries
Authors: Chambers D.B.
Published: March 2015

All soils and rocks contain naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM). Many ores and raw materials contain relatively high levels of natural radionuclides, and processing such materials can further increase the concentrations of natural radionuclides, sometimes referred to as ‘technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive material’ (TENORM). Examples of NORM minerals include uranium ores, monazite (a source of rare earth minerals), and phosphate rock used to produce phosphate fertiliser. Such activities have the potential to result in above background radiation exposure to workers and the public. The objective of this paper is to review the sources and exposure from NORM in North American industries, and provide a perspective on the potential radiological hazards to workers and the environment. Proper consideration of NORM issues is important and needs to be integrated in the assessment of these projects. Concerns over radioactivity and radiation amongst non-governmental organisations and the local public have resulted in the cancellation of NORM mining and mineral extraction projects, as well as inhibition of the safe use of by-product materials from various NORM industries. This paper also briefly comments on the current regulatory framework for NORM (TENORM) in Canada and the USA, as well as the potential implications of the recent activities of the International Commission on Radiological Protection for NORM industries.
Short-term longitudinal relationships between adolescents’ (cyber)bullying perpetration and bonding to school and teachers
Authors: Pabian Sara , Vandebosch Heidi
Published: March 2015

The purpose of this study was to test bidirectional relationships between (cyber)bullying and a) bonding to school and b) bonding to teachers. These relationships were examined while controlling for traditional and cyberbullying victimization, as well as gender and age. The sample consisted of 2,128 Belgian early adolescents, who participated in a two-wave panel study with a 6-month time interval. The data were analysed using cross-lagged panel analyses. The results indicate the robust temporal stability of being bonded to school and teachers, bullying perpetration (traditional and cyber), and bullying victimization (traditional and cyber). For teacher bonding, a small negative bidirectional relationship was found with cyberbullying perpetration. Low levels of teacher bonding at Time 1 predicted subsequent cyberbullying at Time 2; cyberbullying at Time 1 led to later poor teacher bonding at Time 2. On the other hand, the expected longitudinal associations between school bonding and (cyber)bullying perpetration were not confirmed. The results of the current study implicate that a positive bonding to teachers in particular could be a protective factor against bullying via the Internet or mobile phone. Further implications of these results for prevention and intervention with regard to (cyber)bullying are discussed.
African American and Hispanic Fathers’ Work Characteristics and Preschool Children’s Cognitive Development
Authors: Baker Claire E.
Published: March 2015

Father involvement is a salient predictor of children’s cognitive development and recent studies suggest that African American and Hispanic fathers, who are highly involved, have children who enter school more poised to succeed. Little is known, however, about contextual barriers to positive father involvement in ethnic minority families. This study examined prospective relations between fathers’ work characteristics (i.e., total work hours per week, job satisfaction, and work shift) and children’s cognitive development in preschool (i.e., reading and math scores). A total of 2,340 children were included in the study (35% African American, 65% Hispanic). Fathers’ total work hours per week positively predicted children’s reading and math scores. Fathers’ work shift (i.e., nonstandard) positively predicted reading, but not math. In contrast, fathers’ job satisfaction negatively predicted children’s math achievement. Findings were evident even after controlling for a host of demographic factors (e.g., father education, mother education, home-learning environment, and family income).
Concussions Are Associated With Decreased Batting Performance Among Major League Baseball Players
Authors: Wasserman Erin B. , Abar Beau , Shah Manish N. , Wasserman Daniel , Bazarian Jeffrey J.
Published: March 2015

Background:

Concussions impair balance, visual acuity, and reaction time—all of which are required for high-level batting performance—but the effects of concussion on batting performance have not been reported. The authors examined this relationship between concussion and batting performance among Major League Baseball (MLB) players.

Hypothesis:

Batting performance among concussed MLB players will be worse upon return to play than batting performance among players missing time for noninjury reasons.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The authors identified MLB players who sustained a concussion between 2007 and 2013 through league disabled-list records and a Baseball Prospectus database. For a comparison group, they identified players who went on paternity or bereavement leave during the same period. Using repeated-measures generalized linear models, the authors compared 7 batting metrics between the 2 groups for the 2 weeks upon return, as well as 4 to 6 weeks after return, controlling for pre-leave batting metrics, number of days missed, and position.

Results:

The authors identified 66 concussions and 68 episodes of bereavement/paternity leave to include in the analysis. In the 2 weeks after return, batting average (.235 vs .266), on-base percentage (.294 vs .326), slugging percentage (.361 vs .423), and on-base plus slugging (.650 vs .749) were significantly lower among concussed players relative to the bereavement/paternity leave players (time × group interaction, P < .05). In weeks 4 to 6 after leave, these metrics were slightly lower in concussed players but not statistically significantly so.

Conclusion:

Although concussed players may be asymptomatic upon return to play, the residual effects of concussion on the skills required for batting may still be present. Further work is needed to clarify the mechanism through which batting performance after concussion is adversely affected and to identify better measures to use for return-to-play decisions.
Evaluation of a Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) Program in a Midwest State
Authors: Veeh Christopher A. , Severson Margaret E. , Lee Jaehoon
Published: March 2015

The Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) paved the way for a new era of rehabilitation in corrections’ programming. However, published outcome evaluations of SVORI programs and their progeny are limited in number. The current article presents the multiyear outcome evaluation of one prisoner reentry initiative established in a Midwestern state, which was developed within the framework of the SVORI program model. A comparison group was identified using propensity score matching to evaluate program effectiveness on the recidivism outcomes of returns to prison and new convictions. Cox proportional hazards modeling found program participants to have significantly lower hazard to incur a new conviction than the comparison group but no difference in the hazard for reincarceration. The implications of these mixed findings in recidivism outcomes are discussed for the reentry program initiative.
Modeling and experimental study of temperature distributions in end milling Ti6Al4V with solid carbide tool
Authors: Sun Yujing , Sun Jie , Li Jianfeng
Published: March 2015

The objective of this study is to model the temperature distributions in milling analytically. In this article, previous research on heat generation and heat dissipation in the machining process was reviewed and then the temperature model in intermittent cutting with continuously varying chip thickness was established. The experimental study to measure cutting temperature in milling Ti6Al4V utilizing semi-artificial thermocouple was presented. The predicted and experimental results for milling process were presented and compared. The results showed that the proposed mathematical model could predict cutting temperature with high accuracy.
Relationship between Technological Diversification of Social Network and Technological Innovation Performance: Empirical Evidence from China
Authors: Du Junshu , Lu Jintao , Guo Yi
Published: March 2015

Previous literatures about the relationship between social network and technological innovation performance were mostly from the perspective of network structure characteristics, while rarely considering the effect of composition of a firm’s social network on technical innovation. This paper provides models to examine the relationship between technological diversification and technological innovation performance, as well as the moderating effects of absorptive capability. Using survey data from a sample of 134 Chinese machinery and equipment manufacturing firms, the empirical results showed that there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between the technological diversification and technological innovation performance, indicating that technological diversification of network made the highest technological innovation performance. We also found that all three dimensions (identification & acquisition, assimilation & absorption and transformation & exploitation) of absorptive capacity had significant positive effect on technological innovation performance, and the stronger the first two dimensions was, the higher value the technological innovation performance with technological diversification got. Enterprise managers were suggested to weigh the technological diversification and specialisation of the technological development in practice, as well as strengthen their absorptive ability that would reap the highest technological innovation performance. In sum, theoretical research was enriched about the relationship between technological diversification of social network analysis and technological innovation; on the other hand, guidelines for enterprise technology development in practice were provided.
Effects of Innovation on Technical Progress in Spanish Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Sánchez-Sellero Pedro , Sánchez-Sellero María Carmen , Sánchez-Sellero Francisco Javier , Cruz-González María Montserrat
Published: March 2015

We analyse the effect of innovation on technical progress in Spanish manufacturing firms by identifying and explaining how the following innovation factors affect technical progress: research and development (R&D) activities and expenditures, patents, innovations in products and in processes, internal organisation of innovation, outsourcing R&D activities, public R&D funding, external relationships of innovation and different ways of external collaboration for innovation. We focus on how firm behaviour and structure drive these innovation factors. Our results are based on multiple regression analyses using firm-level data from 2010. We show that innovations in product, processes and R&D activities (especially external R&D activities) are more likely to improve the productivity of Spanish manufacturing firms. In addition, the activities related to the internal organisation or the external collaboration for innovation generates a higher productivity level. This positive effect is bigger when a firm collaborates with universities and/or technology centres and employs recent college graduates, especially those with degrees in science, engineering or technology.
“Hybridised” financial control in the Victorian construction industry: George Gilbert Scott’s rebuilding of Glasgow University, 1864–1872
Authors: McKinstry Sam , Ding Ying Yong
Published: March 2015

This article examines the financial control of Scotland’s largest building construction project of the 1860s and 1870s, the relocation of Glasgow University at Gilmorehill. In discussing the respective roles of the architect, the “measurer” (quantity surveyor), the client, the clerk of works and the various contractors engaged to carry out the construction work, particular attention is given to the detailed management processes and involvements which contributed to the project’s financial control and, ultimately, its success. The study relates this system of control to the literature on “hybridised” accounting and also to that concerning management accounting change within institutions. It also comments on the activities and professional status of the “measurer”, whose work was central to the project’s financial management system.
Blood Aspiration During IM Injection
Authors: Thomas Christine M. , Mraz Megan , Rajcan Lois
Published: March 2015

The World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention no longer recommend aspiration during intramuscular (IM) injections. The purpose of this study was to investigate the technique registered nurses (RNs) use during IM injections and incidence of blood aspiration. This descriptive study surveyed 164 RNs. Results noted that 74% of the sample continue to aspirate at least 90% of the time. Of the participants who continue to aspirate, only 3% aspirate for the recommended 5 to 10 s. Forty percent reported having aspirated blood at least once, whereas 6 RNs (4%) noted blood aspiration ≥13 times. Blood aspiration occurred most frequently in the dorsal gluteal (15%) and deltoid (12%). Based on the findings, it is recommended that RNs use a decision-making process to select the safest technique for IM injections. If a parental medication has different administration rates, dose, viscosity, or other concerns when given IM versus intravenously (IV), aspiration during IM administration should be implemented.
Elastoplastic study of nanosecond-pulsed laser interaction with metallic films using 3D multiphysics fem modeling
Authors: Kaselouris E , Nikolos IK , Orphanos Y , Bakarezos M , Papadogiannis NA , Tatarakis M , Dimitriou Vasilis
Published: March 2015

The elastoplastic dynamic mechanical behavior of thin metallic films excited by a nanosecond laser pulse is studied. The dynamic response of the metal films is numerically described by a coupled thermal–structural, transient three-dimensional model based on the finite element method. The developed finite element model takes into account the temperature-dependent true stress–strain curves, the temperature-dependent thermal properties and matters phase changes. Since the numerical simulations include the dynamic changes of the metallic materials mechanical properties, the obtained spatiotemporal numerical solutions provide detailed descriptions of their elastoplastic response. Thus, the experimentally validated model is able to diagnose and predict spatiotemporally matters elastic and plastic deformations that occur during the interaction with a nanosecond laser pulse. Gold, copper, and aluminum thin metallic films are used as test cases to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed finite element modeling and simulation.
Warming Up Your Tick-Tock
Authors: Ki Yoonhee , Ri Hwajung , Lee Hoyeon , Yoo Eunseok , Choe Joonho , Lim Chunghun
Published: March 2015

Circadian clocks are endogenous time-keeping mechanisms to adaptively coordinate animal behaviors and physiology with daily environmental changes. So far many circadian studies in model organisms have identified evolutionarily conserved molecular frames of circadian clock genes in the context of transcription–translation feedback loops. The molecular clockwork drives cell-autonomously cycling gene expression with ~24-hour periodicity, which is fundamental to circadian rhythms. Light and temperature are two of the most potent external time cues to reset the circadian phase of the internal clocks, yet relatively little is known about temperature-relevant clock regulation. In this review, we describe recent findings on temperature-dependent clock mechanisms in homeothermic mammals as compared with poikilothermic Drosophila at molecular, neural, and organismal levels. We propose thermodynamic transitions in RNA secondary structures might have been potent substrates for the molecular evolution of temperature-relevant post-transcriptional mechanisms. Future works should thus validate the potential involvement of specific post-transcriptional steps in temperature-dependent plasticity of circadian clocks.
Plasma Concentrations of Protein Z and Protein Z-Dependent Protease Inhibitor in Patients With Essential Thrombocythemia
Authors: Szumowska Anna , Galar Marzenna , Bolkun Lukasz , Kloczko Janusz
Published: March 2015

The pathological consequences of decreased protein Z (PZ) and/or Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI) levels remain as yet unclear, despite a growing body of evidence which supports their involvement in an increased thrombotic risk. The purpose of the present study was 2-fold: to evaluate plasma concentrations of protein Z and ZPI in patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) and to determine their significance in thrombotic complications. The median (range) plasma concentrations of PZ in our patients with ET were lower, but not significantly, than in healthy individuals: PZ (1.42 µg/mL, 0.36-3.14 µg/mL vs 1.6 µg/mL, 0.75-2.56 µg/mL, P = .08). On the other hand, the median (range) plasma concentrations of ZPI in the said patients with ET were meaningfully lower than in the reference group: ZPI (3.22 µg/mL, 0.85-6.97 µg/mL vs 4.41 µg/mL, 1.63-7.83 µg/mL, P = .0004). More importantly, the study revealed a statistically significant lower concentration of PZ and ZPI in patients with the presence of the JAK2V617F mutation relative to patients without the mutation, for PZ: 1.38 µg/mL, 0.36-2.6 µg/mL versus 1.63 µg/mL, 0.88-3.14 µg/mL, P = .03, and ZPI 2.89 µg/mL, 0.85-5.91 µg/mL versus 3.61 µg/mL, 1.53-6.97 µg/mL, P = .002. Additionally, significant differences between the concentrations of PZ and ZPI were found in patients with venous thrombotic episodes compared to healthy individuals, for PZ: 1.23 µg/mL, 0.82-1.99 µg/mL versus 1.6 µg/mL, 0.75-2.56 µg/mL, P = .043, and ZPI: 2.42 µg/mL, 0.85-4.21 µg/mL versus 4.41 µg/mL, 1.63-7.83 µg/mL, P < .0001. To recapitulate, our results suggest that the deficiency of PZ may increase tendency to thrombosis in patients with ET.
Design and analysis of a multivariable fractional order controller for a non-minimum phase system
Authors: Muresan Cristina I , Dulf Eva H , Copot Cosmin , De Keyser Robin , Ionescu Clara
Published: March 2015

Two control strategies for multivariable processes are proposed that are based on a decentralised and a steady state decoupling approach. The designed controllers are fractional order PIs. The efficiency and robustness of the proposed strategies is tested and validated using a non-minimum phase process. Previous research for the same non-minimum phase process has proven that simple decentralised or decoupling techniques do not yield satisfactorily results and a multivariable IMC controller has been proposed as an alternative solution. The simulation results presented in this paper, as well as the experimental results, show that the proposed fractional order multivariable control strategies ensure an improved closed loop performance and disturbance rejection, as well as increased robustness to modelling uncertainties, as compared to traditional multivariable IMC controllers.
The Relationship Between Dermatologist- and Patient-Reported Acne Severity Measures and Treatment Recommendations
Authors: Tan Jerry , Frey Marc P. , Knezevic Sanja , Poulin Yves , Lynde Charles W. , Gulliver Wayne P. , Gupta Aditya K. , Sebaldt Rolf J. , Thomas David R. , Sapra Sheetal
Published: March 2015

Background:

Acne treatment recommendations for individual patients may be derived from multiple factors including dermatologist- and patient-reported constructs.

Objectives:

To evaluate the effects of dermatologist- and patient-reported measures on acne treatment recommendations by dermatologists.

Methods:

An observational cross-sectional survey of acne patients was conducted with patient-reported quality of life and dermatologist-reported measures of primary and secondary (scar) acne severity using 3 assessment approaches: maximal regional grade, total grade, and facial grade.

Results:

The most highly associated factors with acne treatment recommendations were patient emotions, maximal regional acne severity, and total acne scar grade. Better acne-specific quality of life was negatively related to acne treatment recommendation intensity, while all 3 grading approaches were positively related to acne treatment recommendations.

Conclusions:

For dermatologists, overall acne severity is most highly associated with maximal regional acne grade, total scar grade, and patient’s emotional response to acne.
The penny’s dropped: Renegotiating the contemporary coin deposit
Authors: Houlbrook Ceri
Published: March 2015

This article examines the status of coins as contemporary deposits in the British Isles. With a focus on both historical and contemporary sites, from the Neolithic long barrow of Wayland’s Smithy, Oxfordshire, to the plethora of wishing-wells and coin-trees distributed across the British Isles, it demonstrates the popularity of coins as ritual deposits. The author considers how they are perceived and treated by site custodians, and concludes with a case study of an archaeological excavation, the 2013 Ardmaddy Wishing-Tree Project, which recovered a large amount of contemporary coin deposits. This article does not aim to locate itself within the debates of site custodianship and accessibility, nor does it propose to address the broader dilemmas of a site’s ritual continuity or resurgence. Instead, its aim is to encourage archaeologists to consider the contemporary deposit as an integral part of the ritual narrative of a site, rather than as disposable ‘ritual litter’.
‘Re-crisis’: Barebacking, sex panic and the logic of epidemic
Authors: Kagan Dion
Published: March 2015

Since the ‘AIDS Crisis’ of the 1980s and early 1990s, the combination of sex between men and epidemic disease has been fertile territory for the production of sex panic. This essay examines a 2007 outburst of Australian news media sex panic surrounding a case of the alleged reckless infection of persons with HIV/AIDS and the controversial practices of anal sex without condoms, or ‘barebacking’. The rhetorical inflations surrounding these sexual spectacles may be understood via a model of biopolitical governmentality that Linda Singer ( 1993 ) called ‘the logic of epidemic’. I draw on both Singer's model and work on sex panic to describe this news coverage as an instance of what I call ‘re-crisis’. ‘Re-crisis’ involves the revivification of the discourses of an earlier moment of AIDS representation in the service of new cultural and institutional modes of managing HIV/AIDS under neoliberal conditions and in the transformed contexts of HIV/AIDS ‘post crisis’, which has evolved since the advent of antiretrovirals (c. 1996).
‘How, for God's sake, can I be a good Muslim?’: Gambian youth in search of a moral lifestyle
Authors: Janson Marloes
Published: March 2015

By analysing the case study of a young Muslim man's conversion within and between different expressions of Islam in the Gambia, this article challenges common understandings of conversion that see it as a transition from one form of religious belief or identity to another, as well as theories of Islam's place in Africa that distinguish between ‘local’ traditions and ‘world’ religions. The ethnographic case study illustrates that, for Gambian youth, conversion is not a unilinear path but entails the continuous making of moral negotiations and a preparedness to reflect on the ambiguity of selfhood – an inevitable result of the making of these negotiations.
Spectral sensitivity and scene brightness at low to moderate photopic light levels
Authors: Besenecker UC , Bullough JD , Radetsky LC
Published: March 2015

A study of scene brightness perception was conducted to assess whether spectral sensitivity for scene brightness perception at low to moderate light levels (∼3–110 lux) could be partially explained by a contribution of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGC). An experiment was conducted at two different light level ranges and using two different spectral power distributions. The results suggest an increase in short-wavelength spectral sensitivity as a function of increasing light level. The results also confirm that including ipRGC as well as cone photoreceptor input in scene brightness spectral sensitivity resulted in improved predictions compared to including either cone input only or rod as well as cone input.
Alphabetically Ordered Ballots and the Composition of American Legislatures
Authors: Edwards Barry C.
Published: March 2015

Although research demonstrates that favorable ballot position can deliver candidates a small windfall of votes in local, nonpartisan, and primary elections, it is not clear whether ballot order laws have had any impact on the composition of U.S. legislatures. In this article, I estimate the substantive significance of ballot order rules by comparing the legislators of states that alphabetically order ballots to those elected by states that randomize or rotate ballot order. I also compare legislators elected by states that started or stopped alphabetically ordering ballots in recent decades. I find that states that alphabetically order ballots disproportionately elect candidates with early alphabet surnames. My research challenges the prevailing belief that ballot order affects only minor elections and suggests that seemingly innocuous rules have altered our political landscape. I conclude that arbitrary ballot ordering rules should be reformed to remedy their substantial impact on political representation.
East Meets West—A Novel Steerable Grasper to Facilitate Gastric Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD)
Authors: Chung Hyunsoo , Diana Michele , Liu Keng-Hao , Katsichtis Theodoros , Dallemagne Bernard , Marescaux Jacques
Published: March 2015

Background. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is challenging because of the limited ability of conventional endoscopic tools to achieve adequate traction. We have recently used a novel steerable grasper (SG; ANUBIS grasper, Karl Storz, Tüttlingen, Germany) with intuitive manipulating handles to lift up the mucosa. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the assistance of the SG in a porcine acute model. Materials and methods. A total of 36 gastric ESDs were performed in 12 swine (3 ESDs/pig), at the antrum, greater curvature of the gastric body, and cardia. Pigs were randomly assigned to the SG group (n = 6) or to the control group (n = 6). ESD steps included the following: scoring the area, submucosal injection, and precut and submucosal dissection with or without SG assistance. Outcomes measured were as follows: dissection time, dissection speed, size of specimen, completeness of dissection (all marks included in the specimen), en bloc dissection, and complications. Results. Overall mean dissection time was 18.6 ± 7.56 versus 29 ± 18.14 minutes ( P = .032), and mean dissection speed was 94.74 ± 39.74 mm2/min versus 65.41 ± 39.5 mm2/min ( P = .033) in the SG and control groups, respectively. Mean size of the specimen was 1451.4 ± 549.2 mm2 in the SG group and 1615.3 ± 605.9 in the control group. Complete and en bloc dissections were achieved in all cases. One deep muscular injury occurred in the control group (gastric body). Conclusion. The ANUBIS grasper is a user-friendly, effective, and safe tool to achieve adequate traction and exposure of the ESD plane in the pig model.
A Three-Step Approach to Exploring Ambiguous Networks
Authors: Smith Stephanie S.
Published: March 2015

The study of social networks has included an array of mixed methods research in recent years. More often than not, however, research design is not discussed in any great depth. This article discusses procedural issues relating to employing both social network analysis and qualitative methods in a whole network study of cross-community youth leaders in a particularly segregated area of Belfast, Northern Ireland. A compound, sequential, three-step research design was used where distinct research phases were employed to account for the realities of researching an ambiguous network. This article will highlight design issues that tend to be overlooked in network research and offer practical responses that can be of benefit to researchers facing similar challenges.
The surface effect on axisymmetric wave propagation in piezoelectric cylindrical shells
Authors: Zhou Yunying
Published: March 2015

Based on the surface piezoelectricity theory and first-order shear deformation theory, the surface effect on the axisymmetric wave propagating in piezoelectric cylindrical shells is analyzed. The Gurtin–Murdoch theory is utilized to get the nontraditional boundary conditions and constitutive equations of the surface, in company with classical governing equations of the bulk, from which the basic formulations are obtained. Numerical results show that the surface layer has a profound effect on wave characteristics in nanostructure at a higher mode.
Dimensional optimization of a minimally invasive surgical robot system based on NSGA-II algorithm
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Weidong , Dong Wei , Yu Hongjian , Yan Zhiyuan , Du Zhijiang
Published: March 2015

Based on the proposed end-effector structure of a laparoscopic minimally invasive surgical manipulator, a dimensional optimization method is investigated to enlarge the motion range of the mechanical arm in the specific target area and reduce the collision among the mechanical arms simultaneously. Both the length of the kinematics links and the overall size of the integrated system are considered in the optimization process. The NSGA-II algorithm oriented to the multi-objective optimization is utilized to calculate the Pareto solution set of the objective function. Finally, the dependence of the evaluation indexes is analysed to filter the non-inferior set, which guarantees the selection of the optimization solution.