bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les États-Unis, la Turquie et le « problème » arménien
Authors: Zarifian Julien
Published: June 2013

Le dossier arménien, comprenant la reconnaissance du génocide des Arméniens de 1915 et les relations arméno-turques actuelles, obère les relations entre les États-Unis et la Turquie. Perçues à Washington comme stratégiques, bien qu’elles aient connu des hauts et des bas, elles se passeraient bien des complications impliquées par le « problème » arménien. La reconnaissance du génocide de 1915, que la Turquie refuse avec véhémence, est un dossier particulièrement difficile vu de Washington, puisque l’administration américaine cherche à ménager son allié turc mais peine, de plus en plus, à ne pas reconnaître officiellement le génocide de 1915. D’autant que, d’une part, de nombreux acteurs non institutionnels mais aussi institutionnels américains et internationaux l’ont reconnu, et que, d’autre part, il faut aussi ménager la communauté arménienne des États-Unis qui, organisée en lobby, tolère de plus en plus mal que son pays refuse de reconnaître l’événement historique dont elle est issue.
It's the geography, stupid ! Obama prend l'avantage sur la carte électorale
Authors: Douzet Frédérick
Published: June 2013

L’élection présidentielle de 2012 aux États-Unis s’annonçait très serrée. Jusqu’au dernier moment les sondages ont montré des candidats au coude à coude et les observateurs sont restés prudents. Obama remporte toutefois une très large victoire sur la carte électorale, avec 332 grands électeurs et plus de 51 % des voix. Cet article propose, à travers une série de cartes, d’explorer les facteurs et les stratégies qui ont permis la réélection d’Obama. Les résultats montrent que le mouvement de recul des démocrates n’est pas uniforme sur le territoire et que, malgré le désenchantement général, l’équipe d’Obama a su mobiliser et convaincre ses électeurs là où c’était indispensable. Ils montrent aussi, pour Romney, combien l’instrumentalisation de la question ethnoraciale ou des droits des femmes peut se révéler un pari dangereux lorsqu’on a la démographie contre soi. Reste à savoir si la victoire d’Obama représente un avantage durable sur la carte électorale pour les démocrates, ou seulement la performance d’un candidat talentueux.
Personnes « handicapées » et pratiques de placement vers l'emploi en Suisse : l'exemple d'une institution de formation spécialisée
Authors: Antonin-Tattini Véronique
Published: June 2013

Cette contribution s’intéresse aux pratiques de placement vers l’emploi exercées par des professionnels actifs dans des organismes de placement publics ou privés en Suisse pour des personnes « handicapées ». À partir de l’analyse d’une institution de formation spécialisée dans le domaine de l’assurance-invalidité mise en perspective avec d’autres organismes de placement, il ressort que les pratiques des professionnels tendent à se focaliser sur l’adaptation du demandeur d’emploi aux normes et attentes des employeurs potentiels. Pourtant, nous pensons que plusieurs actions à divers niveaux sont nécessaires pour une prise au sérieux du terme de placement, comme une mise en relation et une adaptation réciproque entre le demandeur d’emploi et l’employeur potentiel. Les travailleurs sociaux ont aussi un rôle à jouer dans ces actions de placement.
Le compagnonnage dans les métiers de l'humain. Description d'un dispositif d'auto-formation basé sur l'échange de bonnes pratiques
Authors: Lacourt Isabelle
Published: June 2013

Cet article présente un dispositif d’échanges de « bonnes pratiques » à destination des métiers « de l’humain » (assistants sociaux, éducateurs, thérapeutes, enseignants, directeurs d’institutions sociales...) basés sur le compagnonnage. Ce dispositif trouve son origine dans le constat d’une crise du contexte dans lequel ces métiers sont actuellement amenés à exercer, ainsi que dans le constat de la complexification de ces métiers. L’apprentissage par le voyage se présente comme une réponse innovante à cette complexification et à ce contexte de crise ainsi que comme un outil de décentrement permettant de combler ce qu’une formation « classique » ne peut apporter. L’objectif de l’article est avant tout descriptif. Nous présentons dans un premier temps le projet ECEtt-Convergence, son origine et la manière dont il est concrètement mis en œuvre. Le deuxième temps de notre article rappelle ce qu’est le compagnonnage et les enjeux de cet apprentissage spécifique. Dans un troisième temps, nous présentons quelques résultats d’un questionnaire d’évaluation administré aux professionnels belges ayant réalisé un ou plusieurs stages dans le cadre de ce dispositif.
Découverte par le voyage et pensée nomade des travailleurs sociaux : de la routine à la créativité
Authors: Pinilla José
Published: June 2013

Dans le cadre du projet européen Ecett-Convergence, une bonne centaine de travailleurs sociaux sont partis à l’étranger découvrir des bonnes pratiques. Le point de départ fut l’acceptation de l’incertitude et de la mobilité. Quels sont les enjeux de cette pensée nomade pour des professionnels chargés de gérer la misère dans ce monde qui change ? Des praticiens-réflexifs et acteurs sociaux des secteurs de l’insertion, des assuétudes, de l’aide à la jeunesse ou de la santé ont pris l’option de la créativité. Je rends compte de leurs réussites, de leurs questionnements ainsi que des limites de la démarche.
Ethnological Readings of Gregor Krek
Authors: Slavec Gradišnik Ingrid
Published: June 2013

Zgoščena oznaka Krekovega znanstvenega dela in recepcija njegove filologije v izbranih delih o zgodovini slovenske etnologije in folkloristike opozarjata na presojnost disciplinarne zgodovine in ostrita poglede na nastajanje narodopisja v drugi polovici 19. stoletja. O Krekovem delu ponujata nekoliko ambivalentne sklepe: je začetnik slavistike v Gradcu in tudi začetnik filološkega, romantiško motiviranega, vendar tudi znanstvenega narodopisja; angažiral se je, čeprav neuspešno, ob načrtu izdaje zbirke slovenskih ljudskih pesmi in zanjo pripravil uredniška izhodišča; kritiki sta bila podvržena njegov mitološki nazor in posredno tudi t. i. mitološka šola 19. stoletja. Zaradi delovanja v nemškem znanstvenem prostoru in nemškem jeziku je razumljivo tudi, da so mu bili med njegovimi sodobniki tuji kritiki naklonjenejši od domačih. Prispevek ne kanonizira Kreka, temveč kontekstualno opozarja na stranpoti, ki so ob splošno priznanih dosežkih enakovreden fenomen disciplinarne zgodovine.
***
A condensed review of Krek’s scholarly production and of the reception of his philological work in select texts on the history of Slovenian ethnology and folklore studies attempts to clarify the beginnings of ethnography in the second half of the 19th century. As a scholar, Gregor Krek is viewed in a somewhat ambivalent manner: the founder of Slavic studies in Graz and the editor engaged – albeit unsuccessfully - in the preparations for the publication of an extensive collection of Slovenian folk songs for which he had devised his own editorial concept; and a follower of the mythological orientation and of, although indirectly, the so-called mythological school of the 19th century. Since he was active within German academia and wrote in the German language, foreign scholars were more benevolent to his work than domestic critics. Rather than canonizing Krek the article merely tries to draw attention to digressions that, along with the generally acknowledged achievements in ethnology, represent an equally interesting phenomenon of disciplinary history.
The Story about Old Hag Europe and Healthy Maiden Serbia
Authors: Vivod Maria
Published: June 2013

In the process of a creation of an image of the Other, a self-image is created, establishing a relation between the ‘Observed’ - ‘the Other’ and the ‘Observer’. A political myth, in its every-day form, as a political story about the ‘rotten West’, the ‘decadent, old Europe’ which is facing a chaste, uncorrupted Serbia, is propagated in public, as well as in private sphere and making a ‘obsessive-compulsive nightmare’ of the Serbian community.
***
V procesu ustvarjanja podobe Drugega nastane tudi samopodoba, ki postavlja razmerje med »opazovanim« - »drugim« in »opazovalcem«. V svoji vsakdanji obliki je politični mit oz. politična zgodba o »gnilem zahodu«, o »dekadentni stari Evropi« ki se spoprijema z nedolžno, nepokvarjeno Srbijo, propagiran v javnem in zasebnem območju in ustvarja ‘obsesivno-kompulzivno nočno moro’ srbske skupnosti.
“The Inner Frontier”. Borders, Narratives, and Cultural Intimacy in Topolò/Topolove
Authors: Cozzi Donatella
Published: June 2013

On 21 December 2007 one of the most contentious borders in Europe, the one between Slovenia and northeastern Italy, finally opened. This article presents narratives from the village of Topolò, near the Italian–Slovenian border, by three generations that lived with the border in different ways. Some people developed strategies to bypass it, whereas others built up a contrasting ethnicity and an “inner frontier” that emotionally shapes their lives.
***
21. decembra 2007 je bila naposled odprta ena spornejših mej v Evropi, tista med Slovenijo in severovzhodno Italijo. Članek predstavlja pripovedi treh rodov iz vasi Topolò/ Topolove ob italijansko-slovenski meji. Ti so z mejo živeli na različne načine: nekateri so razvili strategije, da so jo obšli, drugi so si ustvarili nasprotno etničnost in “notranjo mejo”, ki čustveno oblikuje njihova življenja.
The Integration of “East” and “West”. Slovenian “Eurocrats” and the Politics of Identity within the Institutions of the European Union
Authors: Bajuk Senčar Tatiana
Published: June 2013

This paper explores the politics of identity construction in the institutions of the European Union after the European Union began its expansion to the east in the year 2004. To do so it will present an analysis of the career narratives of first generation of Slovenian EU officials. Approaching the issue of identity from the perspective of career narratives provides a constructive complement to existing anthropological theories on the construction of identity in the EU institutions that have been based primarily on an exploration of the relationship between the national and the European.
***
Besedilo raziskuje vprašanje konstrukcije identitete v ustanovah Evropske Unije po njeni širitvi na vzhod v letu 2004 na podlagi pripovedi o poklicni karieri prve generacije slovenskih uradnikov v EU. Spoznanja o identiteti, kakršna omogočajo analize pripovedi, so konstruktivno dopolnilo znanim antropološkim teorijam o pojmovanju identitete v ustanovah EU, ki so temeljile predvsem na analizi razmerja med Evropo in nacijo.
Inheritances. Possession, Ownership and Responsibility
Authors: Bendix Regina
Published: June 2013

Inheritance traditionally refers to material possessions passed on from a deceased person to his or her heirs. With the expansion of the related concept of heritage and the emergent cultural practices associated with it, questions of responsibility and ownership arise on a much larger scale of actors. This paper explores the analogies and differences between inheritance and heritage. How do issues of ownership and responsibility differ between a familial and global context? Ownership coupled with expectations of safeguarding is particularly complex when material heritage is expanded to the realm of the intangible. The process inherently furthers the path toward the commodification of cultural expressions ennobled through heritage regimes. Intangible heritage regimes are a contributing factor for treating excerpts of culture as a renewable (albeit fragile) resource.
***
Dediščina se navadno nanaša na materialno lastnino, ki se s pokojnika/pokojnice prenese na njegove/njene dediče. Z razširitvijo s tem povezanega koncepta dediščine/izročila in brstečimi kulturnimi praksami, ki so z njim povezane, se spoprijemamo z vprašanji odgovornosti in lastništva pri razsežnejši skupini akterjev. Članek obravnava analogije med dediščino in izročilom. Kako se razlikujejo problemi lastništva in odgovornosti na družinski in globalni ravni? Posebej je zapleteno, ko se lastništvo poveže s pričakovanji za varovanje dediščine in ko se snovno izročilo razširi na območje nesnovnega. Proces sam po sebi vodi h komodifikaciji kulture, oplemenitene z upravljanjem dediščine. Režimi upravljanja nesnovne dediščine odločilno prispevajo k obravnavi delov kulture kot prenovljivega, čeprav krhkega vira.
Selección de forjados unidireccionales con criterios técnicos, económicos y sostenibles
Authors: Fraile-García E. , Fernández-Ceniceros J. , Martínez-de Pisón E. , Martínez-de Pisón F. J.
Published: June 2013

En este artículo se presenta un método para la búsqueda de forjados óptimos tomando en cuenta las exigencias del Código Técnico de la Edificación, CTE, de la Instrucción de Hormigón Estructural, EHE-08, y de la buena práctica constructiva. Esta metodología se aplica al caso de forjados unidireccionales con nervio hormigonado in situ de acuerdo a las características y prestaciones habituales que ofertan las empresas del sector. Los datos de partida y las variables implicadas en el proceso hacen referencia a la viabilidad técnica, sostenibilidad y coste económico de los forjados a través de la incorporación de ratios específicos que evalúan la idoneidad de cada solución. El método aquí expuesto pretende servir de ayuda para el profesional de la construcción que necesite seleccionar aquellos forjados de coste óptimo que proporcionen el menor impacto medioambiental.
Caracterización físico-mecánica de la madera de Abies alba Miller procedente del pirineo español mediante probetas libres de defectos
Authors: Rodrigo B. G. , Esteban L. G. , Palacios P. de , García-Fernández F. , Guindeo A.
Published: June 2013

El objetivo de esta investigación es proporcionar valores actualizados y representativos de las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de la madera de abeto del Pirineo español para permitir su comparación con otras procedencias y especies maderables. Los ensayos se realizaron a partir de probetas libres de defectos obtenidas a lo largo del fuste y se determinaron las propiedades de acuerdo a las normas UNE de los ensayos correspondientes.
Se concluye que la madera es ligera (ρ = 0,48 g/cm3), blanda (H = 1,71 mm-1) y moderadamente nerviosa (v = 39,43%). La resistencia a flexión (MOR = 78,70 N/mm2) es baja y a compresión (MCS = 44,88 N/ mm2) media. Presenta un comportamiento al impacto medio (K = 41,46 N/mm) y bajo a hienda (C = 19,92 N/mm), tracción perpendicular tangencial y radial (1,71 y 1,68 N/mm2). Las diferencias obtenidas con respecto a otras procedencias de esta especie pueden deberse a que el abeto se encuentra en su límite de distribución geográfica y en consecuencia las condiciones específicas de sitio tienen mayor influencia en las propiedades de la madera.
Spectral efficiency and microstructure of the compound eyes ofSynanthedon myopaeformis(Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)
Authors: Eby C. , Weis M. , Gardiner M.G.T. , Judd G.J.R. , Gries G.
Published: June 2013

The apple clearwing moth,Synanthedon myopaeformis(Borkhausen) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), is a day-flying species that feeds on floral nectar of many plants. In British Columbia, Canada, this invasive moth is often observed feeding on visually conspicuous showy milkweed,Asclepias speciosaTorrey (Apocynaceae). We measured the spectral efficiency of the compound eyes ofS. myopaeformisin the context of their capacity to discriminate the measured spectral reflectance from inflorescences ofA. speciosa, and conducted histological examination of these eyes to determine whether they possess apposition type ommatidia, as commonly observed in diurnal butterflies. Light micrographs of the compound eyes inS. myopaeformisrevealed eucone apposition type ommatidia, which is consistent with the diurnal behaviour of the moth. Electroretinograms on compound eyes revealed they were particularly efficient at absorbing ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths in the 335–370 nm range and green wavelengths in the 495–560 nm range. These results support the conclusion that the compound eyes ofS. myopaeformishave the capacity for dichromatic vision based on UV and green photoreceptors. However, spectral reflectance curves obtained from inflorescences and foliage ofA. speciosarevealed no evidence of UV reflectance, making it less likely that colour plays a primary role in the attraction ofS. myopaeformistoA. speciosa.
Sinanthobium daohugouense, a tiny new omaliine rove beetle (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from the Middle Jurassic of China
Authors: Cai Chen-Yang , Huang Di-Ying
Published: June 2013

A new rove beetle, Sinanthobium daohugouense, new genus, new species, is described and illustrated on the basis of a tiny impression fossil from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation at Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China. The new genus is placed in the subfamily Omaliinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), tentatively in the Recent tribe Anthophagini. The first find of a definitive omaliine beetle from the Middle Jurassic of China provides direct evidence on the origin and early evolution of Omaliinae.
Die Hervormde Kerk en apartheid
Authors: Dreyer Wim A.
Published: June 2013

The Reformed Church and apartheid. This contribution examines the changing attitude of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika (NHKA) towards apartheid, specifically since the Second World War. The NHKA’s views started with a theological justification of apartheid and the complete identification of the church with Afrikaner nationalism, moving to a position of critical solidarity and eventually the rejection of apartheid and its own theological justification of apartheid in 2010.
Clinical Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Resource Constrained Settings
Authors: Palmero Domingo , Ritacco Viviana
Published: June 2013

Drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis (TB), particularly multi- and extensively drug-resistant TB, represent an important obstacle to global control of the disease. Recently, new drugs, repurposed drugs, and new drug combinations have been evaluated, with a number showing promise for the treatment of drug-resistant TB. Additionally, a range of methods for accelerating mycobacterial culture, identification, and drug susceptibility testing have been developed, and several in-house and commercial genotyping methods for speeding drug resistance detection have become available. Despite these significant achievements in drug development and diagnostics, drug-resistant TB continues to be difficult to diagnose and treat. Significant international efforts are still needed, especially in the field of clinical and operational research, to translate these encouraging developments into effective patient cure and make them readily available to resource-constrained settings, where they are most needed.
Quantifying aerosol mixing state with entropy and diversity measures
Authors: Riemer N. , West M.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. This paper presents the first quantitative metric for aerosol population mixing state, defined as the distribution of per-particle chemical species composition. This new metric, the mixing state index χ, is an affine ratio of the average per-particle species diversity Dα and the bulk population species diversity Dγ, both of which are based on information-theoretic entropy measures. The mixing state index χ enables the first rigorous definition of the spectrum of mixing states from so-called external mixture to internal mixture, which is significant for aerosol climate impacts, including aerosol optical properties and cloud condensation nuclei activity. We illustrate the usefulness of this new mixing state framework with model results from the stochastic particle-resolved model PartMC-MOSAIC. These results demonstrate how the mixing state metrics evolve with time for several archetypal cases, each of which isolates a specific process such as coagulation, emission, or condensation. Further, we present an analysis of the mixing state evolution for a complex urban plume case, for which these processes occur simultaneously. We additionally derive theoretical properties of the mixing state index and present a family of generalized mixing state indexes that vary in the importance assigned to low-mass-fraction species.
Technical Note: Aeolian dust proxies produce visible luminescence upon intense laser-illumination that results from incandescence of internally mixed carbon
Authors: Ma L. , Cao T. , Thompson J. E.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Mineral dust mimics dispersed in air produced visible luminescence between 550–800 nm when illuminated with a high peak power (MW range) Nd:YAG laser beam at 532 or 1064 nm. The luminescence persists for a few microseconds after the laser pulse and the measured emission spectrum is roughly consistent with a blackbody emitter at ≈4300 K. Both observations are consistent with assigning laser-induced incandescence (LII) as the source of the luminescence. However, light emission intensity from the mineral dust proxies is 240–4600 less intense than incandescence from fresh kerosene soot on a per-mass basis at laser pulse energies <25 mJ using a 1064 nm beam. The weak intensity of emission coupled with high emission temperature suggests a trace component of the sample may be responsible for the incandescence. To investigate further, we heated the soil samples in air to a temperature of 600 °C, and this treatment reduced light emission by >90% on average. Heating to 350 °C reduced emission by 45–72%. Since black carbon soot and char (BC) oxidizes at elevated temperatures and BC is known to be present in soils, we conclude emission of light from the mineral dust aerosol proxies is likely a result of black carbon or char internally mixed within the soil dust sample. The reduction in LII response for samples heated to temperatures of 250–350 °C may result from partial oxidation of BC, but alternatively, could implicate a role for carbon present within organic molecules. The study suggests laser-induced incandescence measurements may allow quantitation of black carbon in soils and that soil dust is not truly an interferent in BC analysis by LII, but rather, a BC containing material.
IMF effect on the polar cap contraction and expansion during a period of substorms
Authors: Aikio A. T. , Pitkänen T. , Honkonen I. , Palmroth M. , Amm O.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The polar cap boundary (PCB) location and motion in the nightside ionosphere has been studied by using measurements from the EISCAT radars and the MIRACLE magnetometers during a period of four substorms on 18 February 2004. The OMNI database has been used for observations of the solar wind and the Geotail satellite for magnetospheric measurements. In addition, the event was modelled by the GUMICS-4 MHD simulation. The simulation of the PCB location was in a rather good agreement with the experimental estimates at the EISCAT longitude. During the first three substorm expansion phases, neither the local observations nor the global simulation showed any poleward motions of the PCB, even though the electrojets intensified. Rapid poleward motions of the PCB took place only in the early recovery phases of the substorms. Hence, in these cases the nightside reconnection rate was locally higher in the recovery phase than in the expansion phase. In addition, we suggest that the IMF Bz component correlated with the nightside tail inclination angle and the PCB location with about a 17-min delay from the bow shock. By taking the delay into account, the IMF northward turnings were associated with dipolarizations of the magnetotail and poleward motions of the PCB in the recovery phase. The mechanism behind this effect should be studied further.
Managing Acute Wounds with Negative Pressure System in a Developing Country
Authors: Akpaloo J. , Yorke J. , Agbenorku P. , Yenli E. M. T.
Published: June 2013

Introduction. The negative pressure system has been found to be a valuable addition to the various procedures of wound management and has been widely accepted to be safe and effective in promoting wound healing. Aim. The study seeks to find out the outcome of the use of the VAC device in the treatment of patients with acute wounds. Materials and Methods. Between January 2009 and December 2011, a consecutive nonrandomized study was conducted among 48 patients who presented with acute wounds at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. Patients were made to undergo negative pressure wound therapy using the VAC device. Results. Forty-eight patients with various degrees of acute wounds were treated, of which 43 (89.6%) were females and 5 (10.4%) were males. Ages of patients ranged from 19 to 78 years. Satisfaction with rate of wound healing revealed that 86.7% and 8.9% had excellent and good healing, respectively, while 4.4% said theirs was satisfactory. Therapy was discontinued in three (6.3%) patients who developed some complications. Conclusion. There was reduction in the hospitalization by patients thereby reducing costs. Also, quality of life of persons who had undergone the therapy with the VAC device had improved. Even though a few device-related complications were observed, patient satisfaction was high.
Risk of recurrence of unusual site venous thromboembolism
Authors: Riva N. , Dentali F. , Donadini M. P , Squizzato A. , Ageno W.
Published: June 2013

The term unusual site venous thrombosis defines uncommon clinical manifestations of venous thromboembolism occurring in sites different from the lower limbs or the lungs, with peculiar pathophysiological features and clinical history. Information on long-term outcomes of unusual site thrombosis is generally scant, because most studies are small and usually retrospective.

Recurrence rate of cerebral vein thrombosis is about 2/100 patient-years; the only identified predisposing factors have been male gender and personal history of thrombosis. Retinal vein occlusion showed a recurrence in the same eye of 2.5% and in the fellow eye of 11.9% within four years. Hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and hyperhomocysteinaemia were significantly associated with recurrent events. Recurrence rates of splanchnic vein thrombosis are difficult to estimate given the heterogeneity of patient populations; higher recurrence rates are reported in the cirrhotic population (from 27% to 38.5%). Hormone therapy, myeloproliferative neoplasm or other prothrombotic states, and absence of anticoagulant therapy emerged as independent prognostic factors. Future studies should aim at better assessing the risk of recurrence in different patients subgroups and at identifying more accurate prognostic markers.
Horror y colección en Roberto Bolaño
Authors: Walker Carlos
Published: June 2013

Resumen: El presente artículo propone una lectura retrospectiva de algunos textos de la obra de Roberto Bolaño. Para ello desarrolla una propuesta que considera a La literatura nazi en América (1996) como la prefiguración de la forma que continua y reformula la galería de cadáveres femeninos incluida en 2666 (2004). Este ejercicio crítico se hace con el objetivo de caracterizar la forma del horror que atraviesa esta literatura.Palabras clave: Roberto Bolaño, horror, colección, bibliografía, biografía ficticia Abstract: This article develops a retrospective reading of some works of Roberto Bolaño oeuvre. In that sense I suggested that consider La literatura nazi en América (1996) as the prefiguration of the shape that will be repeated and reformulated upon the gallery of dead women included in 2666 (2004). The critical exercise it is make with aim of describing the kind of horror that goes through this literature. Key words: Roberto Bolaño, horror, collection, bibliography, fiction biography
Poética de la espera. Una filosofía íntima (con fragmentos de Proust y Pizarnik)
Authors: Bárcena Fernando
Published: June 2013

Resumen: Frente a una forma más o menos pública, académica e impersonal de filosofar, este texto aspira a poner en práctica una filosofía íntima. A partir de algunos fragmentos de Proust y Pizarnik, el propósito de este texto es ofrecer una reflexión sobre una poética de la espera. La espera es el tiempo de la duración, del tedio y del aburrimiento, un tiempo  a nuestro tiempo acelerado, medido y previsible. Se trata, sin duda, del tiempo de un aprender involuntario. Palabras clave: Poética de la espera, filosofía del amor, aprendizaje involuntario, Marcel Proust, Alejandra Pizarnik. Abstract: Faced with a more or less public, academic and impersonal philosophy, this text aims to implement an intimate philosophy. From fragments of Proust and Pizarnik, the purpose of this text is to provide a poetic reflection on the wait. The wait is the time duration, the tedium and boredom, a time to our time accelerated, measured and predictable. This is undoubtedly a involuntary learning.Key Words: Poetics of waiting, philosophy of love, involuntary learning, Marcel Proust, Pizarnik.
El decir de la hechura: una lectura de la estética piñeriana en dos cuentos fríos
Authors: González María Virginia
Published: June 2013

Resumen: Autor de célebres poemas, cuentos y novelas extraños, renombradas obras de teatro y lúcidos ensayos, Virgilio Piñera (Cárdenas 1912-La Habana 1979)  resulta aún hoy un escritor controvertido no suficientemente divulgado o, por lo menos,  no tanto como lo merecería su vasta y rica producción literaria. En el campo cultural cubano su estética ha provocado diversas reacciones y durante años estuvo condenada al silencio aunque en la actualidad, la crítica reconoce su impronta en la generación que comienza a publicar a partir de los años ochenta. En estas páginas me interesa reflexionar sobre la travesía literaria que ofrece el cuerpo de la escritura piñeriana. Para esto me centraré en la lectura de dos cuentos que permiten rastrear cómo se hacen y deshacen las líneas que dibujan el itinerario de una estética que pone en entredicho otras escrituras mientras bordea los contornos del silencio. Palabras clave: literatura, Cuba, cuento, Virgilio PiñeraAbstract: Author of famous poems, uncommon short stories and novels, renowned plays and lucid essays, Virgilio Piñera (Cárdenas 1912 – La Habana 1979) results still today a controversial writer not enough disclosed or, at least, not as much as his extensive and wealthy literary production. In the Cuban cultural sphere, his aesthetics has caused different reactions, and for years it was condemned to silence. But today, criticism recognizes its mark on the generation that begins publishing from the eighties. In these pages, I want to reflect on the literary journey that offers the body of Piñera´s writing. For this purpose, I will focus on reading two stories that allow tracking how make and break the lines that draw the itinerary of this aesthetic which challenges other scriptures, whereas skirting the edges of silence. Key Words: Literature, Cuba, short stories, Virgilio Piñera
Injertarse en la Historia. Gesto creativo y estrategias de reapropiación en el activismo global.
Authors: González Marí Ximo
Published: June 2013

Resumen: Este trabajo trata de desentrañar los modos en que los actuales movimientos sociales impulsan un proceso de reapropiación que se extiende en diversos ámbitos. Ensamblándose a un sistema de comunicación en redes y adoptando nuevas formas de intervención basadas en el modelo de guerrilla artística, estos grupos antagonistas tratan de recuperar para el individuo su rol de sujeto social consciente. A la luz de estas premisas y a partir de algunos casos particulares, señalaremos los radios de acción de estos movimientos centrados en reapropiarse del lenguaje usurpado por la gramática del mercado, recuperar los espacios públicos para el uso colectivo y reinscribirse en el curso de la Historia incidiendo en el orden de lo cotidiano. Reconquistar la propia vida, en definitiva, subvirtiendo el discurso establecido como única verdad.Palabras clave: Movimientos sociales, reapropiación, activismo, HistoriaAbstract: This article explores the new ways current social movements are using to present themselves and initiating a reappropriation process in different social spheres. These social organizations are embracing network communication systems and adopting new intervention forms based on the artistic guerrilla model. By doing so, these antagonist groups try to recover the individual’s role as a conscious social agent. This article analyzes how these social movements are conducting a language reappropriation process as a response to the “market grammar”. We will also describe the new ways these social movements are trying to recover the public space for a collective use and have an impact on History and the quotidian order. In a nutshell, these movements talk about how to reconquer life by subverting the mainstream discourse that claims itself as the only truth. Key Words: Social movements, reappropriantion, activism, History.
Cristina García: narrativas de lo nacional y lo posnacional.
Authors: Campuzano Luisa
Published: June 2013

Resumen: El artículo analiza la obra de Cristina García, autora cubano-americana, enmarcándola en la problemática de la literatura posnacional y su cuestionamiento de las categorías tradicionales de adscripción identitaria. La autora se centra en analizar el modo en que la obra de García evoluciona desde la tematización de las raíces a la aceptación de la biculturalidad y, finalmente, al deseo de ir más allá de esa condición y explorar la condición posnacional en sus múltiples conexiones. Palabras Clave: Cristina García, globalización, identidad, posnacional, cultura cuba-americana. Abstract: This article analyzes the work of Cristina García, a Cuban-American author, and puts her in he context of the Postnational literature debate. This article also explores how Cristina Garcia’s work questions the identity membership of traditional categories. The author focuses on the analysis of the different ways in which García’s work evolves from the thematization of the roots/grassroots to the acceptance of biculturalism. Finally, this article also proposes an approach to the Postnational condition in its multiple connections. Key Words: Cristina García, Globalization, Identity, Postnational, Cuban-american Culture.
Complement: Terminal Pathways
Authors: DiScipio Richard G
Published: June 2013

A central event in the complement activation is the cleavage of C5 by C5 convertases to form C5a and C5b. Nascent C5b can join sequentially with C6 through C9, and the assembly may proceed through one of the two pathways. If occurring near a phospholipid membrane, the membrane attack complex is formed; this is a circular transmembrane pore of 100 Å. If distal from a membrane, the late acting complement proteins associate with vitronectin and clusterin‐high density lipoprotein generating soluble complexes collectively referred to as SC5b‐9. Advancements in X‐ray crystallography and electron microscopy have revealed as to how the monomers transform in conformation to become protomers in the polymers. Components C6 through C9 contain a central domain (MACPF) flanked and extended by cysteine‐rich modules that perform binding functions and hold the monomers in a state of potentiation. Upon joining with C5b, several modules displace enabling assembly. Experimental evidence has suggested that the folding of subunits within the MAC is inverted to that of the bacterial cholesterol‐dependent cytolysins.

Key Concepts:

Complement C6 through C9 consist of a single central domain, the MACPF, flanked by auxiliary modules related to those found in thrombospondin, the LDL receptor, the epidermal growth factor, complement control proteins and factor I.

In their soluble monomer state the terminal components of complement (C6 through C9) are held in a state of potentiation by their auxiliary modules, which get displaced in the process of subunit association, thereby exposing their core β‐sheets enabling protomer association in the polymer.

The terminal components of complement through their MACPF domains share a similar tertiary structure to the equivalent domains of the bacterial cholesterol‐dependent cytolysins (CDCs), yet little to no sequence homology is evident between the vertebrate MACPFs and the analogous bacterial domains.

Although similar in tertiary structure, perforin (and probably the components of the MAC) fold within their respective polymers in a manner inverted to those of the bacterial CDCs.

Heterogeneity characterises the soluble terminal complement complexes (SC5b‐9) as these are associated with vitronectin, clusterin and lipoprotein.

The soluble terminal complement complexes may functionin vivofor clearance and wound healing.
Protein Coding
Authors: Zhang Zhang , Wong Gane Ka‐Shu , Yu Jun
Published: June 2013

A protein‐coding gene is composed of a series of nucleotide triplets – the codons – that encrypt not only the protein content but also the start and stop signals. There are 64 (4
3
) codons in the canonical genetic code, which encode 20 amino acids with redundancy. Hence, there are synonymous codons that encode the same amino acids, and they are used at different frequencies among different species. The resultant codon‐usage biases reveal complex interplays of mutation and selection. Protein‐coding genes can be organised into families of similar function, structure and sequence, according to their shared evolutionary histories. Individual proteins are modularly constructed of domains, which are often rearranged on evolutionary timescales to create functionally novel proteins.

Key Concepts:

A protein‐coding gene consists of a series of nucleotide triplets.

The genetic code defines the relationship between codons and amino acids.

The genetic code can be organised into two halves and four quarters, which manifest distinct physiochemical features.

Codon usage bias, a phenomenon in which synonymous codons (encoding the same amino acid) are used at different frequencies in different species, is a result of complex interplays between mutation and selection.

Protein‐coding genes are organised into families of similar function, structure and sequence, according to their shared evolutionary histories.

Individual proteins are modularly constructed from domains, which are often rearranged on evolutionary timescales to create functionally novel proteins.
Genetics and the Origin of the Finns
Authors: Norio Reijo
Published: June 2013

The population of Finland initiated from neighbouring southeastern areas 10 000 years ago when the glacial ice melted, and it developed further from several European sources, among them the Ukrainian and Iberian refuges. According to nuclear gene studies, the Finns belong to the European family, with some eastern components. In
mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid
studies, the Finns are indistinguishable from other Europeans. High values of Y‐chromosomal C>T transition point to male population movements on the east–west axis. The genetic difference between western and eastern Finns is shown also by genome‐wide data of nuclear single nucleotide polymorphisms. The Finnish Disease Heritage means overrepresentation of approximately 40 rare recessive disorders. It is due to the national isolation between Sweden and Russia and the regional isolation from 500‐year‐old internal migrations. This rare disease flora enjoys favourable conditions for clinical and molecular genetic research.

Key Concepts:

As a rule, human populations are formed from some kind of ancient primary population and immigrants of later times.

Genes and interrelationships of historical populations can be studied from the genes of the people of today.

In the northern countries, the glacial period approximately 10 000 years back is the time limit for the population of some geographical areas.

The genes of rare diseases need not to be brought from somewhere but may have originated from new gene mutations not very far back in time.

The genetic composition of the population of Finland is mainly ‘European’, but its remote position on the northern edge of the continent has created some exceptions to the main rules.
Chromatin Structure and Human Genome Evolution
Authors: Chambers Emily V , Semple Colin AM
Published: June 2013

Large‐scale sequencing projects and comparative genomics have provided insights into the function and evolution of many fragments of the human genome, but relatively little is known about the spatial organisation of the genome. This is a major gap in our knowledge as the elaborate physical structure of the genome reflects the spatial and temporal organisation of nuclear processes. It has also long been suspected that the structural and functional organisation of the genome might impose constraints on its evolutionary history. Our emerging view of chromatin structure has already provided unexpected insights into human genome evolution, describing the impact of such constraints on the evolution of chromosome architecture, on gene function and on patterns of mutation and selection. The study of the transgenerational inheritance of chromatin variants, in parallel with the inheritance of
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
sequence variants, promises to revolutionise our views of evolution and disease.

Key Concepts:

The physical structure of the genome, chromatin structure and nuclear organisation, is important for many aspects of genome function.

Chromatin structure can also influence the evolution of the genome.

Many aspects of chromatin structure are detectably conserved among mammals.

There is an interplay between chromatin structure and the patterns of divergence seen in the underlying DNA sequence.

This interplay can be seen at the level of individual genes and their regulatory elements, but also at the level of multimegabase domains of higher order chromatin structure.
Genetics of Familial Amyloid Neuropathies
Authors: Said Gérard , Planté‐Bordeneuve Violaine
Published: June 2013

Familial amyloid polyneuopathies (FAP) are life‐threatening disorders transmitted as an autosomal‐dominant trait. Mutated transthyretin (TTR) is the most common protein precursor of amyloid deposits with more than 100 amyloidogenic mutations identified worldwide. Manifestations of TTR‐related FAP predominantly include a length‐dependent progressive polyneuropathy, myocardiopathy and ocular involvement. Early liver transplantation and tafamidis are currently available to treat these patients. Hereditary gelsolin amyloidosis, which is mainly observed in Finland, is related to mutations of the gelsolin gene. It is characterised by cranial nerve involvement, corneal lattice and abnormal skin laxity, with occasional systemic involvement. Apolipoprotein A1 amyloidosis is a devastating polysystemic disease with predominant kidney and peripheral nerve involvement. No specific treatment is currently available for gelsolin and apoliprotein A1 amyloidosis.

Key Concepts:

Protein precursors of amyloid responsible for familial amyloid polyneuropathies include mutated transthyretin, gelsolin and apolipoprotein A1.

Amyloids are insoluble substances that cannot be removed from the tissues after deposition.

Most of mutated transthyretin is synthesised in the liver.

More than 100 amyloidogenic mutations have been identified making DNA testing mandatory.

Early liver transplantation dramatically reduces the amount of TTR in the blood.
Evolution of Voltage‐Gated Sodium Channels
Authors: Widmark Jenny , Larhammar Dan
Published: June 2013

Voltage‐gated sodium channels play important roles in the nervous system by enabling propagation of action potentials along axons. It has been suggested that sodium channels evolved from calcium channels before the split of animals and choanoflagellates, as deduced from studies of sequence motifs important in the ion selectivity of sodium and calcium channels. The sodium channel α gene was subsequently duplicated in the two whole‐genome duplication events (2R) in early vertebrate evolution, resulting in four genes. Several local duplication events in tetrapods later resulted in the total set of ten sodium channel α genes present in today's humans. In teleosts, another whole‐genome duplication event (3R) doubled the ancestral vertebrate set from four to eight. The high number of sodium channel gene duplicates in both tetrapods and teleosts probably reflects their great importance in the evolution of the vertebrate nervous system.

Key Concepts:

Sodium channels evolved from calcium channels and were present in the common ancestor of animals and choanoflagellates.

One α subunit voltage‐gated sodium channel gene (
SCNA
) quadrupled in two whole‐genome duplication events early in vertebrate evolution.

The ancestral vertebrate set duplicated again in the teleost‐specific whole‐genome duplication to generate eight genes.

One of the genes was duplicated to three adjacent genes (
SCN5A
,
10A
and
11A
) in the amniote lineage after the divergence of amphibians.

One of the other tetrapod genes duplicated to four adjacent genes (
SCN3A
,
2A
,
1A
and
9A
) before the radiation of amniotes, 310 Mya. After the split of metatheria and eutheria (150 Mya), an additional gene,
SCN7A
, arose through yet another local duplication in the same region.
Nano/Mesoporous Polymers Based Low‐k Dielectric Materials: A Review on Methods and Advances
Authors: Ma Sude , Wang Yan , Min Zhonghua , Zhong Lisheng
Published: June 2013

Nanoporous or mesoporous structures and hence a decrease in dielectric constant can always be induced with the introduction of air into polymeric materials. It is therefore achievable to prepare ultra‐large‐scale integrated circuit (ULSIC) on ultralow dielectric constant (i.e., low‐k) materials. The research on nano/mesoporous polymer based low‐k materials, including the past decade advances, the introduction of principles and methods of nano/mesopores, characterization, commonly used raw materials, typical products, and corresponding dielectric properties, is extensively reviewed and summarized in this paper. The nano/mesopores can be introduced into the polymers by more than five methods such as reprecipitation, sol–gel, thermolysis, supercritical foaming, and electrochemical etch. The pore size, morphologies, porosities, and film thicknesses of the products can be controlled by raw materials and processing conditions in these methods. The low‐k dielectric materials based on nano/mesoporous polymers have great potential application in ULSIC in light of their special dielectric, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Technol 2013, 32, 21358; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21358
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Morita–Baylis–Hillman Reaction of Maleimides with Isatins
Authors: Chauhan Pankaj , Chimni Swapandeep Singh
Published: June 2013

An enantioselective Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction of maleimides with isatin derivatives has been developed. β‐Isocupreidine catalyzes the formation of enantiomerically enriched 3‐substituted 3‐hydroxyoxindole derivatives in up to 96 % yield and enantioselectivity of over 99 % ee can be achieved under mild reaction conditions.
Bioaktive lumineszierende Übergangsmetallkomplexe für biomedizinische Anwendungen
Authors: Ma Dik‐Lung , He Hong‐Zhang , Leung Ka‐Ho , Chan Daniel Shiu‐Hin , Leung Chung‐Hang
Published: June 2013

Die zufällige Entdeckung des krebshemmenden Wirkstoffs Cisplatin festigte in den 1960er Jahren die Stellung der medizinischen anorganischen Chemie. In der Folge kam es zu einem weitverbreiteten Einsatz lumineszierender Metallkomplexe in der Sensorik, in der biologischen Bildgebung und in organischen Leuchtdioden. Übergangsmetallkomplexe weisen viele Vorteile auf, aufgrund derer sie als Therapeutika und als Lumineszenzsonden für Biomoleküle geeignet sind. Daher ist die Entwicklung neuer lumineszierender Metallkomplexe wünschenswert, die über verschiedene Bindungsmodi mit DNA wechselwirken oder auf alternative Teile der zellulären Maschinerie, z. B. auf Proteine, abzielen, um effektivere Mittel zur Überwachung von Krankheitsverläufen zur Verfügung zu stellen. Hier präsentieren wir aktuelle Beispiele biologisch aktiver lumineszierender Metallkomplexe, die auf ein spezifisches Biomolekül abzielen und dieses sondieren, und diskutieren das Potenzial dieser Verbindungen zur Erforschung und Behandlung menschlicher Erkrankungen.