bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A randomized controlled trial of two diets enriched with protein or fat in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with dapagliflozin
Authors: Watanabe Yasuhiro , Suzuki Daisuke , Kuribayashi Nobuichi , Uchida Daigaku , Kato Mitsutoshi , Ohashi Hiroshi , Nagayama Daiji , Yamaguchi Takashi , Ohira Masahiro , Saiki Atsuhito , Tatsuno Ichiro
Published: May 2021

Sodium-glucose cotranspsorter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (SGLT2i) involve loss of skeletal muscle mass, potentially leading to inadequate HbA1c reduction in type 2 diabetes (T2DM), since muscle mass is related to insulin sensitivity. The benefit of protein-enriched diet for improving HbA1c in SGLT2i-treated T2DM patients remains unclear. We conducted a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled, investigator-initiated clinical trial. 130 T2DM patients treated with dapagliflozin (5 mg) were randomized to isoenergic protein-rich formula diet (P-FD) or fat-rich FD (F-FD) (1:1 allocation) to replace one of three meals/day for 24 weeks. Primary outcome was change in HbA1c. Secondary outcomes were changes in serum insulin, body composition and other metabolic parameters. Although HbA1c decreased significantly in both groups [mean (95% confidence interval) − 0.7% (− 0.9 to − 0.5) in P-FD, − 0.6% (− 0.8 to − 0.5) in F-FD], change in HbA1c was not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.4474). Fasting insulin and body fat mass decreased, while HDL-cholesterol increased significantly in P-FD, and these changes were significantly greater compared with F-FD (all, P < 0.05). In T2DM treated with dapagliflozin, protein-enriched diet does not contribute to HbA1c reduction, although it decreases serum insulin and body fat mass, and increases HDL-cholesterol compared with fat-enriched diet with identical calories and carbohydrate ratio.
Analyzing the relationship between the cytokine profile of invasive breast carcinoma, its histopathological characteristics and metastasis to regional lymph nodes
Authors: Autenshlyus Alexander , Arkhipov Sergey , Mikhaylova Elena , Marinkin Igor , Arkhipova Valentina , Varaksin Nikolay , Vavilin Valentin , Lyahovich Vyacheslav
Published: May 2021

This study was aimed at analyzing the relations of metastasis to regional lymph nodes (RLNs) with histopathological indicators of invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (IC-NST) and its cytokine profile. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to determine concentrations of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IL-18, IL-1β, IL-1Ra, TNF-α, IFN-γ, G-CSF, GM-CSF, VEGF-A, and MCP-1 in the culture supernatant of IC-NST samples from 48 female patients. Histopathological indicators (degree of tumor cell differentiation, mitoses, and others) and ER, PR, Her2/neu, Ki-67, and CD34 expression levels were determined. By means of three types of neural network models, it was shown that for different parameters of the output layer, different groups of parameters are involved that have predictive value regarding metastasis to RLNs. As a result of multi-dimensional cluster analysis, three clusters were formed with different cytokines profiles of IC-NST. Different correlations between indicators of cytokine production by IC-NST and its histopathological parameters were revealed in groups with different cytokine profiles. It was shown that at simultaneous evaluation of the production of even two cytokines, the importance of which relationship with metastasis was revealed by neural network modeling, can increase the probability of determining the presence of metastasis in the RLNs.
Dynamic causal modelling of immune heterogeneity
Authors: Parr Thomas , Bhat Anjali , Zeidman Peter , Goel Aimee , Billig Alexander J. , Moran Rosalyn , Friston Karl J.
Published: May 2021

An interesting inference drawn by some COVID-19 epidemiological models is that there exists a proportion of the population who are not susceptible to infection—even at the start of the current pandemic. This paper introduces a model of the immune response to a virus. This is based upon the same sort of mean-field dynamics as used in epidemiology. However, in place of the location, clinical status, and other attributes of people in an epidemiological model, we consider the state of a virus, B and T-lymphocytes, and the antibodies they generate. Our aim is to formalise some key hypotheses as to the mechanism of resistance. We present a series of simple simulations illustrating changes to the dynamics of the immune response under these hypotheses. These include attenuated viral cell entry, pre-existing cross-reactive humoral (antibody-mediated) immunity, and enhanced T-cell dependent immunity. Finally, we illustrate the potential application of this sort of model by illustrating variational inversion (using simulated data) of this model to illustrate its use in testing hypotheses. In principle, this furnishes a fast and efficient immunological assay—based on sequential serology—that provides a (1) quantitative measure of latent immunological responses and (2) a Bayes optimal classification of the different kinds of immunological response (c.f., glucose tolerance tests used to test for insulin resistance). This may be especially useful in assessing SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
Visual impairment increases the risk of dementia, especially in young males in a 12-year longitudinal follow-up study of a national cohort
Authors: Lee Ga-In , Chi Sang Ah , Kim Kyunga , Seo Sang Won , Kim Hee Jin , Chung Tae-Young , Lim Dong Hui
Published: May 2021

We investigated the effect of visual impairment (VI) on dementia development in a national cohort. In this 12-year nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study, national data were collected from National Health Insurance Cooperation of South Korea from 2002 to 2017, comprising 799,074 subjects selected from the dementia-free cohort representative of the Korean population. Crude hazard ratios (HRs) as well as age- and sex-adjusted HRs and confidence intervals (CIs) for the development of dementia were estimated using multivariable Cox regression models. VI significantly increased the risk of dementia with a HR of 2.726 (95% CI 2.251–3.300, p < 0.0001) after adjusting for age, sex, and interaction between age, sex, and VI. HR of interaction between VI and age for dementia was 0.539 (95% CI 0.436–0.667, p < 0.0001). In the sensitivity analysis after adjustment for age, sex, household income level, BMI and other comorbidities, VI showed higher risk for all the type of dementia (p < 0.0001). In subgroup analysis of VI, young males showed the highest risk for development of dementia with a HR of 2.687 (95% CI 2.219–3.254, p < 0.0001). VI significantly increased the risk of dementia in the study cohort, and young males with VI appeared to be the most susceptible to the development of dementia.
The effects of combined environmental factors on the intestinal flora of mice based on ground simulation experiments
Authors: Sun Peiming , Yang Jiaqi , Wang Bo , Ma Huan , Zhang Yin , Guo Jinhu , Chen Xiaoping , Zhao Jianwei , Sun Hongwei , Yang Jianwu , Yang Heming , Cui Yan
Published: May 2021

The composition and function of intestinal microbial communities are important for human health. However, these intestinal floras are sensitive to changes in the environment. Adverse changes to intestinal flora can affect the health of astronauts, resulting in difficulties in implementing space missions. We randomly divided mice into three groups and placed each group in either a normal environment, simulated microgravity environment or a combined effects environment, which included simulated microgravity, low pressure and noise. Fecal samples of the mice were collected for follow-up analysis based on metagenomics technology. With the influence of different space environmental factors, the species composition at the phylum and genus levels were significantly affected by the combined effects environment, especially the abundance of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Furthermore, screening was conducted to identify biomarkers that could be regarded as environmental markers. And there have also been some noticeable changes in the function of intestinal floras. Moreover, the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was also found to be changed under different environmental conditions, such as bacitracin and vancomycin. The combined effects environment could significantly affect the species composition, function, and the expression of ARGs of intestinal flora of mice which may provide a theoretical basis for space medical supervision and healthcare.
WDR62 is required for centriole duplication in spermatogenesis and manchette removal in spermiogenesis
Authors: Ho Uda Y. , Feng Chun-Wei Allen , Yeap Yvonne Y. , Bain Amanda L. , Wei Zhe , Shohayeb Belal , Reichelt Melissa E. , Homer Hayden , Khanna Kum Kum , Bowles Josephine , Ng Dominic C. H.
Published: May 2021

WDR62 is a scaffold protein involved in centriole duplication and spindle assembly during mitosis. Mutations in WDR62 can cause primary microcephaly and premature ovarian insufficiency. We have generated a genetrap mouse model deficient in WDR62 and characterised the developmental effects of WDR62 deficiency during meiosis in the testis. We have found that WDR62 deficiency leads to centriole underduplication in the spermatocytes due to reduced or delayed CEP63 accumulation in the pericentriolar matrix. This resulted in prolonged metaphase that led to apoptosis. Round spermatids that inherited a pair of centrioles progressed through spermiogenesis, however, manchette removal was delayed in WDR62 deficient spermatids due to delayed Katanin p80 accumulation in the manchette, thus producing misshapen spermatid heads with elongated manchettes. In mice, WDR62 deficiency resembles oligoasthenoteratospermia, a common form of subfertility in men that is characterised by low sperm counts, poor motility and abnormal morphology. Therefore, proper WDR62 function is necessary for timely spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis during male reproduction.
A natural constant predicts survival to maximum age
Authors: Dureuil Manuel , Froese Rainer
Published: May 2021

Information about the survival of species is important in many ecological applications. Yet, the estimation of a species’ natural mortality rate M remains a major problem in the management and conservation of wild populations, often circumvented by applying empirical equations that relate mortality to other traits that are more easily observed. We show that mean adult M can be approximated from the general law of decay if the average maximum age reached by individuals in a cohort is known. This is possible because the proportion P of individuals surviving to the average maximum age in a cohort is surprisingly similar across a wide range of examined species at 1.5%. The likely reason for the narrow range of P is a universal increase in the rate of mortality near the end of life, providing strong evidence that the evolutionary theories of ageing are the norm in natural populations.
Phenoxazine pseudonucleotides in DNA i-motifs allow precise profiling of small molecule binders by fluorescence monitoring
Authors: Tsvetkov Vladimir B. , Turaev Anton V. , Petrunina Nataliia A. , Melnik Denis M. , Khodarovich Yuriy M. , Pozmogova Galina E. , Zatsepin Timofei S. , Varizhuk Anna M. , Aralov Andrey V.
Published: May 2021

A fluorescence-tracking system with phenoxazine pseudonucleotides in loops that do not alter iM unfolding enables precise evaluation of ligand-induced changes of iM stability.
Ion mobility spectrometry experiments should be carried out at high temperatures to reduce uncertainties in the measurement of reduced mobilities
Authors: Fernandez-Maestre Roberto , Daza Martha C.
Published: May 2021

Superimposed mobility spectra: mobility shifts for valinol with 2-butanol contaminant in the instrument at increasing concentrations. At low temperatures, 2-butanol causes mobility errors or false positives, hindering detection of illegal substances.
Development of a lateral-flow ICA strip for the detection of colchicine
Authors: Li Shaozhen , Zhu Jianping , Ma Wei , Kuang Hua , Liu Liqiang , Xu Chuanlai
Published: May 2021

Colchicine (COL), which is extracted from colchicine and papaya, is widely used in medicine.
A titanium(iii) phosphite exhibits polymorph-distinct redox activity involving proton-coupled electron transfer
Authors: Hung Ling-I , Hsieh Tsung-Hsiu , Syu Jhao-Yang , Chen Pei-Lin , Lin Chia-Her , Wang Sue-Lein
Published: May 2021

A TiIII phosphite, possessing two polymorphs with different redox activities, exhibits a complete cycle of PCET reactions starting from TiIII to TiIVvia oxidation with H2 release, and back to TiIIIvia photoreduction involving external e−/H+.
Exploring the stability of inhibitor binding to SIK2 using molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy calculation
Authors: Shi Mingsong , Zhao Min , Wang Lun , Liu Kongjun , Li Penghui , Liu Jiang , Cai Xiaoying , Chen Lijuan , Xu Dingguo
Published: May 2021

The detailed interactions between SIK2 and four inhibitors, HG-9-91-01, KIN112, MRT67307, and MRT199665, were studied using molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, binding free energy calculation, and interaction fingerprint analysis.
Carbon supported Pt–Ni octahedral electrocatalysts as a model to monitor nickel corrosion and particle detachment
Authors: Zysler Melina , Klingbell Tal , Amos Charles D. , Ferreira Paulo J. , Zitoun David
Published: May 2021

Pt–Ni oxygen reduction reaction catalyst are reacted with chelating agents to model their stability in a fuel cell. All chelating agents do show Ni dealloying and we discovered that amino-rich chelates do also detach the NPs from the carbon support.
Boosted photocatalytic nitrogen fixation by bismuth and oxygen vacancies in Bi2MoO6/BiOBr composite structures
Authors: Zhang Yi , Gu Shuo , Zhou Xiaoyu , Gao Kaiyue , Sun Kai , Wu Di , Xia Jingjing , Wang Xiufang
Published: May 2021

Bi2MoO6/VBi+O–BiOBr composites with surface bismuth and oxygen vacancies were synthesized by an ion-exchange method, and exhibited boosted photocatalytic nitrogen fixation activity.
Enhancing BTX selectivity of the syngas to aromatics reaction through silylation of CTAB pretreated ZSM-5
Authors: Fang Yue , Huang Zhen , Wang Sheng , Sheng Haibing , Hua Weiming , Yue Yinghong , Shen Wei , Xu Hualong
Published: May 2021

Silylation of CTAB pretreated ZSM-5 combined with ceria–zirconia solid solution (CZS) was performed and this was used as a bifunctional catalyst for syngas conversion into light aromatics.
A novel strategy for exploring food originated anti-adipogenesis substances and mechanism by structural similarity evaluation, ADME prediction, network pharmacology and experimental validation
Authors: Zhang Feng-xiang , Tang Zi-ling , Qiu Zuo-cheng
Published: May 2021

A proposed schematic diagram for the SANE strategy on screening potential functional substances in natural products (food, herb, etc.).
Unveiling the effects of substituents on the packing motif and the carrier transport of dinaphtho-thieno-thiophene (DNTT)-based materials
Authors: Lin Pan-Pan , Qin Gui-Ya , Guo Jing-Fu , Zhang Bo-Hua , Li Hui-Yuan , Zou Lu-Yi , Ren Ai-Min
Published: May 2021

The impacts of intermolecular interactions on packing motifs and substitution positions on charge transport properties are elaborately delineated based on four crystal structures of dinaphtho-thieno-thiophene (DNTT) derivatives predicted by USPEX.
Preparation of Sm-doped CaZrO3 nanosheets for facile human serum exosome isolation
Authors: Geng Hongchao , Wu Guangyao , Li Chenyi , Song Jie , Chen Ping , Cai Qingyun
Published: May 2021

A novel strategy for facile serum exosome isolation based on specific interactions between phospholipid bilayers and CaZrO3:Sm.
Cobalt(ii) Schiff base chemically grafted onto magnetic amino-functionalized reduced graphene oxide nanosheets for highly rapid and selective removal of methyl orange
Authors: Nirumand Ladan , Farhadi Saeed
Published: May 2021

A magnetic graphene oxide functionalized with a Co(ii) Schiff base complex (Co(SB)-rGO/ZnFe2O4) was synthesized and applied as an ultrafast adsorbent to remove anionic organic dyes from water.
Defect-boosted molybdenite-based co-catalytic Fenton reaction
Authors: Jiang Feng , Zhang Limin , Yue Tong , Tang Honghu , Wang Li , Sun Wei , Zhang Chenyang , Chen Jinxing
Published: May 2021

High-defect molybdenite acts an efficient co-catalyst to substantially enhance the Fenton reaction.
Formally exact simulations of mesoscale exciton dynamics in molecular materials
Authors: Varvelo Leonel , Lynd Jacob K. , Bennett Doran I. G.
Published: May 2021

The adaptive hierarchy of pure states (adHOPS) algorithm leverages the locality of excitons in molecular materials to perform formally-exact simulations with size-invariant (i.e., ) scaling, enabling efficient simulations of mesoscale exciton dynamics.
Constructing nitrided interfaces for stabilizing Li metal electrodes in liquid electrolytes
Authors: Wang Zhijie , Wang Yanyan , Wu Chao , Pang Wei Kong , Mao Jianfeng , Guo Zaiping
Published: May 2021

In this perspective, we make a systematic summary and give out our comments on constructing nitrided interfaces for stabilizing Li metal electrodes.
Liquid–liquid crystalline phase separation in biological filamentous colloids: nucleation, growth and order–order transitions of cholesteric tactoids
Authors: Azzari Paride , Bagnani Massimo , Mezzenga Raffaele
Published: May 2021

The process of liquid–liquid crystalline phase separation (LLCPS) in filamentous colloids is described for the first timeviaa theory predicting the evolution of binodal lines and the evolution of the cholesteric pitch in chiral nematic droplets.
The Anatomy of moral agency: A theological and neuroscience inspired model of virtue ethics
Authors: Crook Nigel , Corneli Joseph
Published: May 2021

VirtuosA (‘virtuous algorithm’) is introduced, a model in which artificial intelligence (AI) systems learn ethical behaviour based on a framework adapted from Christian philosopher Dallas Willard and brought together with associated neurobiological structures and broader systems thinking. To make the inquiry concrete, the authors present a simple example scenario that illustrates how a robot might acquire behaviour akin to the virtue of kindness that can be attributed to humans. References to philosophical work by Peter Sloterdijk help contextualise Willard’s virtue ethics framework. The VirtuosA architecture can be implemented using state‐of‐the‐art computing practices and plausibly redescribes several concrete scenarios implemented from the computing literature and exhibits broad coverage relative to other work in ethical AI. Strategies are described for using the model for systems evaluation —particularly the role of ‘embedded evaluation’ within the system—and its broader application as a meta‐ethical device is discussed.
Review of the techniques used in motor‐cognitive human‐robot skill transfer
Authors: Guan Yuan , Wang Ning , Yang Chenguang
Published: May 2021

A conventional robot programming method extensively limits the reusability of skills in the developmental aspect. Engineers programme a robot in a targeted manner for the realisation of predefined skills. The low reusability of general‐purpose robot skills is mainly reflected in inability in novel and complex scenarios. Skill transfer aims to transfer human skills to general‐purpose manipulators or mobile robots to replicate human‐like behaviours. Skill transfer methods that are commonly used at present, such as learning from demonstrated (LfD) or imitation learning, endow the robot with the expert's low‐level motor and high‐level decision‐making ability, so that skills can be reproduced and generalised according to perceived context. The improvement of robot cognition usually relates to an improvement in the autonomous high‐level decision‐making ability. Based on the idea of establishing a generic or specialised robot skill library, robots are expected to autonomously reason about the needs for using skills and plan compound movements according to sensory input. In recent years, in this area, many successful studies have demonstrated their effectiveness. Herein, a detailed review is provided on the transferring techniques of skills, applications, advancements, and limitations, especially in the LfD. Future research directions are also suggested.
Machine learning in eigensubspace for network path identification and flow forecast
Authors: Lateef Irfan , Akansu Ali N.
Published: May 2021

This paper emphasizes the joint time‐frequency interpretation of eigensubspace representation for network statistics as features for identification and tracking traffic flows based on the link level activity. Eigencoefficients (frequency domain feature) and eigenvector components (time domain feature) are jointly utilized to quantify their combined significance on the representation of each link data (each component of the link traffic vector) in the eigensubspace. The joint time‐frequency method is employed to analyze the traffic data obtained from the Internet2 network. It is shown that the analysis with link‐level resolution brings advantages for network traffic engineering applications. A machine learning method is investigated to identify network paths using eigenanalysis of link statistics as the feature set. The merit of the method is validated by experimental studies of the network scenarios considered in the paper. Eigenvectors and eigenflows in the subspace are jointly used as factors (features) for linear regression to forecast the network link traffic. It is demonstrated that the eigensubspace based auto‐regressive order two, AR (2), predictor is superior to the time‐domain based predictor to forecast the link level traffic of a network.
A single camera 360‐degree real time vision‐based localization method with application to mobile robot trajectory tracking
Authors: Singhirunnusorn Khomsun , Fahimi Farbod , Aygun Ramazan
Published: May 2021

A method is proposed for real‐time vision‐based localization in the 360° area around a three‐dimensional (3D) reference object with a single camera. The problem is split into three subproblems. First, 360° 3D object recognition is proposed, in which a computer vision solution can recognize a reference object from all possible 360° locations. Second, 360° pose estimation is presented, in which the pose of a robot at all locations is estimated. Third, a 360° localization application is integrated with a closed‐loop real‐time trajectory tracking controller. The successful results of simulations and real experiments of trajectory tracking are also presented.
Robust state estimation for uncertain linear discrete systems with d‐step state delay
Authors: Wang Jing , Mao Yao , Li Ziqiang , Gao Junwei , Liu Huabo
Published: May 2021

This paper discusses the state estimation problems of an uncertain linear discrete time‐varying state space model with d‐step state delay. Based on the principle of minimising the expectation of estimation errors and the method of state augmentation, a robust state estimation algorithm is proposed. Specially, this estimator retains the form of Kalman‐like filter and the characteristics of fast recursive calculation. Moreover, the conditions of bounded estimation error covariance and the proof of asymptotic unbiasedness of the filter are given. Finally, numerical examples are used to verify the effectiveness and the wide applicability of this estimator.
Accurate localization of moving objects in dynamic environment for small unmanned aerial vehicle platform using global averaging
Authors: Xie Xiuchuan , Yang Tao , Zhang Yanning , Liang Bang , Liu Linfeng
Published: May 2021

Small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have developed rapidly and are widely used for disaster relief, traffic monitoring and military surveillance. To perform these tasks better, it is necessary to improve the environmental perception ability of UAVs in a dynamic environment, including their static and dynamic perception ability. Specifically, both three‐dimensional reconstruction for a static scene and localization for moving objects are required. Simultaneous Localization And Mapping technology has made great progress in static scene structure reconstruction and UAV self‐motion estimation. However, accurate real‐time localization of moving objects is still challenging. In this article, a global averaging based localization method is proposed to locate moving objects for a small UAV platform. Inspired by global structure from motion, this idea is applied to the localization of moving objects. To solve moving object localization, the relative motion estimation and global position optimisation methods are proposed. The proposed method was tested in various scenarios with a several trajectories. The extensive experimental results demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Recognizing the formations of CVBG based on shape context using electronic reconnaissance data
Authors: Shi Lei , Huang Zhen , Feng Xuefeng
Published: May 2021

To recognize the formation of the carrier battle group (CVBG) from passive electronic reconnaissance and location data, a shape context‐based method is proposed. The proposed method treats the location data as a graph model, and a graph matching method is used for formation recognition. The shape context and background context for each unit in CVBG is calculated and used for multi‐viewpoint shape feature, which is rotation invariance and distinctive. The experimental results show that the proposed method can recognize the formation with a higher accuracy and locate the ship with electromagnetic silence.
A million asteroid observations in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Authors: Sergeyev Alexey V. , Carry Benoit
Published: May 2021

Context.The populations of small bodies of the Solar System (asteroids, comets, Kuiper-Belt objects) are used to constrain the origin and evolution of the Solar System. Both their orbital distribution and composition distribution are required to track the dynamical pathway from their regions of formation to their current locations.

Aims.We aim at increasing the sample of Solar System objects that have multi-filter photometry and compositional taxonomy.

Methods.We search for moving objects in the archive of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We attempt at maximizing the number of detections by using loose constraints on the extraction. We then apply a suite of filters to remove false-positive detections (stars or galaxies) and mark out spurious photometry and astrometry.

Results.We release a catalog of 1 542 522 entries, consisting of 1 036 322 observations of 379 714 known and unique SSOs together with 506 200 observations of moving sources not linked with any known SSOs. The catalog completeness is estimated to be about 95% and the purity to be above 95% for known SSOs.
Luminous efficiency of meteors derived from ablation model after assessment of its range of validity
Authors: Drolshagen E. , Ott T. , Koschny D. , Drolshagen G. , Vaubaillon J. , Colas F. , Zanda B. , Bouley S. , Jeanne S. , Malgoyre A. , Birlan M. , Vernazza P. , Gardiol D. , Nedelcu D. A. , Rowe J. , Forcier M. , Trigo-Rodriguez J. M. , Peña-Asensio E. , Lamy H. , Ferrière L. , Barghini D. , Carbognani A. , Di Martino M. , Rasetti S. , Valsecchi G. B. , Volpicelli C. A. , Di Carlo M. , Knapic C. , Pratesi G. , Riva W. , Stirpe G. M. , Zorba S. , Hernandez O. , Grandchamps A. , Jehin E. , Jobin M. , King A. , Sanchez-Lavega A. , Toni A. , Rimola A. , Poppe B.
Published: May 2021

Context.The luminous efficiency,τ, can be used to compute the pre-atmospheric masses of meteoroids from corresponding recorded meteor brightnesses. The derivation of the luminous efficiency is non-trivial and is subject to biases and model assumptions. This has led to greatly varying results in the last decades of studies.

Aims.The present paper aims to investigate how a reduction in various observational biases can be achieved to derive (more) reliable values for the luminous efficiency.

Methods.A total of 281 meteors observed by the Fireball Recovery and InterPlanetary Observation Network (FRIPON) are studied. The luminous efficiencies of the events are computed using an ablation-based model. The relations ofτas a function of the pre-atmospheric meteoroid velocity,ve, and mass,Me, are studied. Various aspects that could render the method less valid, cause inaccuracies, or bias the results are investigated. On this basis, the best suitable meteors were selected for luminous efficiency computations.

Results.The presented analysis shows the limits of the used method. The most influential characteristics that are necessary for reliable results for theτcomputation were identified. We study the dependence ofτon the assumed meteoroid’s density,ρ, and include improvedρ-values for objects with identified meteoroid stream association. Based on the discovered individual biases and constraints we create a pre-debiased subset of 54 well-recorded events with a relative velocity change >80%, a final height <70 km, and a Knudsen number Kn < 0.01; this last value indicates that the events were observed in the continuum-flow regime. We findτ-values in the range between 0.012% and 1.1% for this pre-debiased subset and relations ofτtoveandMeof:τ=7.33⋅ve−1.10andτ=0.28⋅Me−0.33.

Conclusions.The derived luminous efficiency of meteoroids depends on the assumed material density. Our results indicate that the applied debiasing method improves the analysis ofτfrom decelerated meteoroids. The underlying method is only valid for meteors in the continuum-flow regime. These events tend to have low end heights, large masses, and high deceleration.
ARAS-H: A ranking-based decision aiding method for hierarchically structured criteria
Authors: ghram maroua , Moalla Frikha Hela
Published: May 2021

In most of real world problems, alternatives are evaluated according to a large set of criteria which confuses the Decision Maker (DM) in terms of allotting alternatives’ assessments. So, to reduce the complexity of the presented problem, it is recommended to organize the criteria into a hierarchy tree to decompose the main problem into sub-ones. Therefore, the DM gains detailed insight on each level of the hierarchy instead of focusing only on one level. In this context, we propose an extension of the Additive Ratio ASsessment (ARAS) method to the case of hierarchically structured criteria. The proposed approach is called Hierarchical Additive Ratio ASsessment (ARAS-H) method. A major advantage of the ARAS-H method is that it enables the DM to analyze the partial pre-orders (the rankings of the alternatives) at each node of the criteria tree i.e. according to each sub-criterion. The partial pre-orders present solutions of the problem with respect to each subset of criteria. In view of determining the criteria weights at each level of the hierarchy tree, we apply the AHP method. Finally, we apply the ARAS-H method on a case study related to tourism which aims to rank tourist destination websites brands in accordance with a four levels criteria hierarchy.
The constitution of the Russian Federation and constitutional identity in the context of global changes
Authors: Kirichek Evgeniy Vladimirovich , Kononov Eduard Anatolievich , Kodirzoda Golib Nurullo
Published: May 2021

Today we are witnesses and participants in a historic event that is very important for Russia – preparation and adoption of amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, reflecting both a legal identity and a vast long-term experience of the constitutional development of the Russian state with due consideration to the opinion of various strata of the population and extensive public discussion. Goal of the research is to show a special role of the Constitution of the Russian Federation from the position of its supremacy in combination with the doctrine of constitutional identity, which is essentially a trend of modern globalization processes, based on the analysis of doctrinal and practical issues, laws and regulations, decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the European Court of Human Rights, and statistical data. The methodological basis of the research consists in the application of both general scientific and special methods developed in jurisprudence. During the research, the following methods of scientific knowledge played a special role: dialectical, historical, comparative law, statistical, logical, etc. A number of conclusions were drawn concerning, on the one hand, the development of a legal potential of the Constitution of the Russian Federation being a determining vector in preventing socio-political destabilization, and on the other hand, constitutional identity, in the broadest sense shown in the desire to know and formulate the own national, religious and other identities, to follow traditional family values, etc., and at the state level – prevention of violation of territorial integrity, state sovereignty, acknowledgement of constitutional and legal identity of the state.
Recognition of the parliamentarism transformation in Ukraine (1990-2014)
Authors: Rosenko Maria Ivanovna , Skrebets Elena Vladimirovna , Golikova Svetlana Vitalievna , Zaporozhets Sergey Andreevich , Medrano Iracema Marisol Ruiz
Published: May 2021

The article examines the transformation of state reform in Ukraine, considers the reasons for the evolution of the political structuring of the Ukrainian parliament in the context of the procedures of the political crisis, systematizes the main reasons why the democratic transformations that have begun cannot achieve their main goal – the consolidation of democracy. It is noted that a lack of national consciousness, a low level of political culture, excessive ambitions of leaders, and their desire for power as a means of personal enrichment simulate conflicts of a destructive nature, threaten to deconstruct the political system and destroy the nation-state. It is indicated that the consequence of the political crisis may be a new revolution, which will not only lead to a change of the government form and the system of values but also the loss of statehood, with Ukraine entering the list of “falling states” and as result.
Legal regulation of the family members’ entrepreneurial activity and inheritance relations: law enforcement problems
Authors: Kudryashov Vladislav Vasilyevich , Lepeshkina Valentina Sergeevna , Sazonova Irina Vladimirovna , Potkin Aleksandr Anatolevich , Altunin Viktor Anatolevich
Published: May 2021

The problem of transition in the line of business assets and obligations succession with regard to norms of civil, family and business law represents an important legal problem as for the matter of family business succession. Russian legislation does not determine the family business succession as a single entity, there exists no special regulation as well as the term “entrepreneurial succession”. The doctrine gives a reasonable conclusion that “practices of the recent past reveal substantial problems of marital regimes legal regulation under a digital transformation of the economy”. Inheriting different properties that can be collectively referred to sphere of entrepreneurial activity causes many problems of similar properties transition in the line of succession in the field of law enforcement. Determining particularities of legal regulation of inheritance relations complicated with business activities in order to ensure efficient regulation of succession to business assets and debts and as well to ensure law enforcement stability. The methodological base for the present scientific research is represented by the system of general scientific and specific scientific methods and research techniques, including a historical method, a logical method, a method of system analysis and research, a comparative legal method, a statistical method, a functional-structural method, methods of analysis and synthesis, a method of specification, an empirical and theoretical method, i.e. analogy, deduction. The authors suppose that in conditions of the world financial crisis complicated with consequences of the coronavirus pandemic small businesses are the most vulnerable, including family businesses. The authors believe that a modern lawyer must have systemic knowledge for efficient application of civil law, inheritance law, family law, entrepreneurial law on the basis of the convergence principle in law. The use of a rather broad methodological base allows determining essential properties of legal regulation of the family members’ entrepreneurial activity and inheritance relations from the point of view of law enforcement problems resolution. As for particularities of inheritance regulations application, a joint-stock company is supposed to have certain mechanisms of the protection of its interests in terms of its shares inheritance. For example, it is possible to envisage the right of a private joint-stock company to discourage inclusion within its shareholders a new participant in line with a similar power of the limited liability companies.
Correctional labor as an alternative to imprisonment in modern problems of punishment assignment
Authors: Baybarin Andrey Andreevich , Sinyaeva Maria Ivanovna , Levchenko Alina Igorevna , Sadchikova Dina Nikolaevna , Aldabergenov Azamat Tynyshtykbayevich
Published: May 2021

The global practice has shown many times that the primary means of struggling with criminality over the entire history of the civilized society is punishment. The modern legislator is constantly striving to improve its types by following global trends in its regulation, assignment and use. Efficiency of labor influence over the convict makes us pay a special attention to punishments suggesting mandatory labor nurturing. One of such punishments is correctional labor whose relevance of research is caused by the interest of the international society to use measures alternative to imprisonment. Despite the fact that legal systems of some foreign countries envisage and widely use punishments whose various characteristics are similar to domestic correctional labor, the Russian experience of their regulation and use can be useful, due to their specific nature, and interesting to any modern state, because the issue of implementing a rich potential of penology is especially relevant these days. At the same time there are significant issues in assignment of correctional labor, which area caused by imperfect construction of law. Research purpose is to study urgent issues of assigning correctional labor as an alternative to imprisonment in the Russian legal system. Methods: the analysis method allowed for characterization of specific features of assigning criminal punishment in the form of correctional labor and revealing primary problems in this area. The comparative method was used to collate specifics of correctional labor and probation. The prediction method helped defining perspectives to eliminate the identified disadvantages. An alternative mode of correctional labor has been criticized; measures have been offered to improve the legislative regulation of correctional labor within Article 53.1 of the Russian Federation Criminal Code.
Importance of the principles of criminal law in the classification of crimes
Authors: Volkov Konstantin Aleksandrovich , Agildin Vladimir Valerievich , Seitkhozhin Bulat Umerzhanovich
Published: May 2021

The correct qualification of a crime provides the basis for achieving the goals of criminal liability, including sentencing a just punishment. During qualification, law enforcement agencies (investigative bodies, inquiry bodies, and court) often face problems caused by contradictions in criminal law regulation (a gap in law, defects in law, legal conflicts, evaluation categories of law, etc.). According to the authors, it is possible to eliminate the contradictions of criminal law regulation by applying the principles of criminal law as a direct regulator of criminal law relations. Purpose of the research: to identify the problems of qualifying crimes in the modern practice of preliminary investigation bodies and courts, as well as to determine the place and role of the principles of criminal law in the process. Framework of the research. The research was carried out with general scientific methods (dialectical, statistical, comparative legal); in addition, methods of analysis, deduction, synthesis, as well as a formally legal method, were used in the research. Conclusions: the authors draw the conclusion that the principles of criminal law should be considered as an independent fundamental form of Russian law.
Problems of determining the mental element in crime under article 264 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
Authors: Vashkevich Alla Vasilyevna , Nikishkin Aleksander Vladimirovich , Epifanov Boris Vasilyevich , Ramazanov Ramin Anatolievich , Smorodina Victoria Anatolievna
Published: May 2021

It should be mentioned that any particular traffic accident is most often a concurrence of a number of causes and factors associated with any of the subsystems “Driver – Car – Road – Environment”. As evidenced by judicial practice, crimes under Article 264 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are traditionally qualified by courts as committed in a careless form of guilt in the form of criminal flippancy. However, there may exist doubts about the correct assessment of the mental element in these crimes. The main question is if these crimes were intentional. The relevance of the study is conditional upon the need to develop a system of prevention of road traffic injuries and improve the effectiveness of measures to prevent them. The purpose of the study is to analyze theoretical problems and the results of empirical observation for road safety. This article is devoted to the relevant problem of accurate determination of the form of guilt in violation by the person driving the vehicle of road traffic regulations on the example of the analysis of the crime under Article 264 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation “Violation of road traffic regulations and the rules of operation of vehicles.” In the preparation of the article, general scientific methods (dialectical, logical, socio-scientific method, method of system analysis) and interdisciplinary methods (sociological, statistical, method of the research of specific facts) were used. The novelty of the study is in an attempt to deeply analyze and interpret the practical application of the provisions of Article 264 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, identify the problem of accurate determination of the form of the guilt of the mentioned act committed by the person driving the vehicle when violating road traffic regulations or the rules operation of vehicles.
Resocialization as prevention of deviant behavior in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam: a review of legislation and practice
Authors: Romanovskaya Vera Borisovna , Voronkov Kirill Ilyich , Yesaeva Ekaterina Andreevna
Published: May 2021

The Vietnamese government has set the task of creating a prosperous people and a strong, democratic society, a just and civilized country. This task cannot be achieved without a sound domestic policy that includes the fight against anti-social phenomena such as domestic drunkenness, chronic alcoholism, and drug addiction as an essential component, which create the ground for criminogenic behavior. The Objective of the study is to study the basic acts of Vietnamese legislation on the regulation of the prevention of deviant behavior among alcoholics and drug addicts and the resocialization of persons who committed crimes and are in prison, as well as those released from them. The general methodological basis is represented by the dialectical method, which allowed studying the research object in development to establish the corresponding cause-and-effect relationships. The authors used general scientific methods, including analysis and synthesis, induction, and deduction methods, to obtain reliable and scientifically significant results. Attention is drawn to the specific methods of resocialization combined with methadone treatment for drug addicts in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, the conditions and regime of such treatment, and specific individuals’ responsibilities. In the twenty-first century, there are gradual changes in the worldview of the political leadership and the legal practice of Vietnam concerning people with addictions that can be treated and corrected. This has led to the adoption of evidence-based resocialization methods, particularly the use of methadone substitution therapy for drug addicts. Russian scientists are actively engaged in the problem of resocialization in the context of Russian criminal law issues. This article is the first to raise the issue of the Vietnamese approach, information about which is taken from sources in the Vietnamese language.
Criminological innovations in criminality prevention: status and perspectives
Authors: Serebrennikova Anna Valeryevna , Serebrennikova Maria Sergeyevna
Published: May 2021

A growing number of new types of criminality causes concern of the society, authorities and, in particular, of criminologists, since the penetration of criminals into the virtual environment and learning to use new technologies become dangerous and adjust criminal motivation. The sophistication of criminality prevention and countering defines the goal of this research consisting in a thorough scientific understanding of existing criminological methods. Modern informational-analytical area of activity of law-enforcement authorities includes the use of digital criminological tools under criminality prevention programs, mathematical methods of its analysis, making up profiles, etc. They are usually applied for criminological analysis and prediction but it has no theoretical basis that addresses the issues of countering digital crimes and that is being formed currently based on criminological neo-classics and achievements of social and human sciences and digital criminology. As a methodological basis for the research, a general scientific dialectic method of scientific cognition was used. Moreover, the paper uses a number of particular scientific methods that include historical-legal, comparative-legal methods, statistic observation and analysis of generalized information. The novelty of the research consists in the fact that its results can be used by experts whose professional activity is intended against crimes.