bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptability of barley varieties in terms of fat content in grain under conditions of Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe
Authors: Polonsky Vadim I. , Sumina Alena V. , Gerasimov Sergey A.
Published: July 2023

The aim of the study was to analyze possible relationship between fat content in grain of barley varieties and level of their stability for this biochemical trait. The work involved 15 varieties of hulled barley, which were grown for three years in conditions of the Krasnoyarsk foreststeppe (Minino farm, Emelyanovsky district, the Krasnoyarsk Territory). Climatic conditions in the research years differed significantly in terms of temperature and precipitation during the growing season. After harvesting plants, fat content in barley grain was measured by the chemical method according to GOST 13496.15-97. For barley varieties, two parameters of ecological plasticity (coefficient of variation; stress resistance index) and four stability parameters (indicator of level and stability of variety; homeostatic parameter; stability factor; index of selection value of variety) were calculated according to the indicated biochemical trait. It was found that Simon and Pallidum 4727 had the lowest value of plasticity and the highest value of stability (and, accordingly, the minimum sum of ranks) in terms of fat content in grain for the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. G 18619, G 19589 and Dygyn were least valuable in terms of adaptability parameters with the maximum sum of ranks. It was shown that barley varieties with a higher fat content in grain were characterized by increased values of all stability parameters for this trait, and the indicated positive relationship was statistically proven for the Cs parameter. The result obtained shows that through the successful selection of barley for the maximum stability of grain fat content trait, oil content will not decrease.
Influence of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. allii on germination of 12 onion varieties
Authors: Kavhiza Nyasha J. , Zargar Meisam , Prikhodko Svetlana I. , Pakina Elena N. , Diakite Simbo
Published: July 2023

Onion bacterial blight is a problematic disease affecting onion production in many countries. The disease is seed-transmitted, hence difficult to control. The study was based on the effects of bacteria on germination percentage and germination energy of various commercial onion varieties. Twelve commercial varieties were obtained from the market and inoculated with bacteria and then tested for germination percentage and germination energy. For most onion varieties, the level of germination inhibition increased with increasing bacterial concentration. On the 5th day of recording, the germination of onion seeds of the variety Karantansky which were inoculated with bacteria at a concentration of 108 CFU/ml differed significantly from the germination of seeds in the control variant. At the same time, seed germination was similar to the control when using bacteria at a concentration of 106 cfu/ml. On the 14th day of record, it was found that the highest concentration (108 CFU/ ml) caused the highest level of inhibition in most onion seeds, while moderate levels were observed at 106 CFU/ ml and the lowest concentration (104 CFU/ml) caused the least inhibition. In the cultivar Khaltsedon, seeds did not germinate at any of the bacterial concentrations compared to 8 % germination in the control. Regarding germination energy, the highest concentration of inoculum on the 5th day of record had the greatest effect in 3 varieties: Myachkovsky 300, Carmen MS and Khaltsedon with germination energy of 3, 2 and 0 %, respectively. In most varieties, the highest bacterial concentration of 108 CFU/ml had the least effect on germination energy, followed by 106 CFU/ml and the highest of 104 CFU/ml on the 14th day of record. However, there were no differences in the effect of concentrations for the varieties Karantansky and Khaltsedon, although all treatments differed significantly from controls (p 0.05).
Macro and micromorphological features of prostate-vesical complex in dogs
Authors: Golubtsova Daria A. , Slesarenko Natalya A.
Published: July 2023

The results of macro and micromorphological studies of vesicoprostatic complex in dogs Canis familiaris aimed at establishing normative morphofunctional patterns and features of the urogenital apparatus were described. The morphometric parameters of the organ in non-castrated males, determined by somatotype and breed affiliation, were presented. Data reflecting the variability of the norm structure of the gland are basic in predicting the development of latent pathologies of prostate and in developing effective methods for their therapeutic correction.
Influence of the type of higher nervous activity on seminal physiological characteristics in cats of Russian breeds
Authors: Petryaeva Alina V. , Tkachev Aleksandr V. , Tkacheva Olga L.
Published: July 2023

Temperament has a significant impact on reproductive function. Most studies are devoted to temperament as a mental characteristic, and the sexual temperament of cats and its influence on physiological characteristics of sperm have not been studied at all. The aim of the research was to study physiological features of reproductive function in cats of Russian breeds depending on sexual temperament. The experiments were carried out in Moscow and the Moscow region from 2019 to 2022. The study used 21 breeding mature cats aged 2 to 8 years, which belonged to 5 different Russian breeds (Bengal breed - 5 cats, British shorthair - 5 cats, Siberian breed - 6 cats, Maine Coon - 5 cats, Sphinx - 5 cats). The sexual temperament of cats was determined according to our methodology developed on the basis of modification of the method for determining the sexual temperament for stallions. Mobility of native sperm was the lowest in cats with a weak nervous system, which is 1.17 % less than mobility of sperm in animals with an unbalanced nervous system, 7.36 % less (P 0.01) compared to physiological mobility of newly acquired sperm in an inert nervous system and 9.71 % less than activity of sperm in cats with a sanguine temperament. The highest concentration of sperm was in cats with live sexual temperament, which was 3.02 million/ml more (P 0.05) than in cats with unrestrained type of temperament, 43.09 million/ml more (P 0.01) than in cats with calm sexual temperament and 56.74 million/ ml more (P 0.01) than in cats with weak sexual temperament. Sperm motility after thawing was higher in cats with inert temperament, which was 5.06 % more (P 0.01) compared to cats with mobile temperament and weak nervous system and 9.1 % more (P 0.001) than in unbalanced cats. Survivability of germ cells in Russian cats at 38 C after defrosting was greatest in live sexual temperament cats, which was 0.22 hours more in comparison with calm sexual temperament cats, 0.62 hours more (P 0.01) than in cats with weak sexual temperament and 0.91 hours more than in cats with unrestrained sexual temperament.
Nano-Selenium-Mediated Alterations in Lipid Profile, Liver and Renal Functions, and Protein Parameters in Male Lambs: An Experimental Study
Authors: Aljaf Karwan A.H. , Bolshakova Marina N.
Published: July 2023

The impact of nano-selenium supplementation on lipid metabolism, liver enzymes, renal function, and protein levels in male lambs was investigated in this study during a 60-day period. Lambs were divided into two groups - control and experimental, which were administered nanoselenium orally at a dosage of 0.5 mg/ kg of feed once a day, daily. Each group consisted of five male lambs. According to the findings, cholesterol levels dropped significantly at days 45 (P 0.01) and 60 (P 0.05), whereas triglyceride levels significantly rose at days 15 and 30 (P 0.01). Throughout the trial, the levels of uric acid and creatinine were constant. At days 15 and 60, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were significantly decreased (P 0.05), while at days 45 and 60, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels declined (P 0.01 and P 0.05, respectively). At days 15 and 30, albumin levels dropped significantly (0.05), but day 60 saw an increase in globulin levels significantly (P 0.05). The drop in AST and ALP levels might be a sign that liver function has possibly improved. However, the drop in albumin levels and rise in globulin levels raise the possibility that taking nano-selenium supplements may affect how proteins are metabolized. The findings of this study concluded that the effects of nano-selenium supplementation on lipid metabolism, liver enzymes, renal function, and protein levels in male lambs were time-dependent. In addition to possible improvements in liver function based on decreased AST and ALP levels and changes in albumin and globulin levels, the study also noticed an initial transient increase in triglyceride levels that was followed by a decline in cholesterol levels. To determine the time-dependent changes in liver function, liver enzymes, as well as renal function in response to nano-selenium supplementation in male lambs was objective of this study.
Analysis of surgical correction of atlantoaxial instability in dogs
Authors: Vilkovysky Ilya F. , Rusnak Ivan A. , Yagnikov Sergey A. , Sakhno Nikolai V. , Seleznev Sergey B.
Published: July 2023

Effectiveness of ventral surgical approach in correction of atlanto-axial instability in dogs of toy breeds was analyzed in the research. 135 clinical cases of surgical correction, the general concept of surgical access and implant placement, which minimize risks of iatrogenic complications, were studied. Ventral stabilization was carried out by forming an arthrodesis between atlas and epistropheus by inserting screws or spokes through articular structures and vertebral bodies from ventral surface and then fixing them with bone cement. In the studied method, there are also complications in form of failure of metal structures or damage to recurrent laryngeal nerve, but, according to statistics, the incidence of these complications in world practice does not exceed 20 %. Among the possible complications during the operation are death of animal because of sudden respiratory arrest associated with spinal cord injury, migration or breakage of implants, inadequate alignment of spine. In addition, implants may not be placed correctly causing chronic pain or damage to the spinal cord. As a result of the operation, 104 dogs fully recovered, partial preservation of neurological deficit was observed in 13 animals, 18 animals died in the early postoperative period. Complications that did not lead to a deterioration in neurological status and quality of life occurred in 17 animals. Analyzing the work done, the method of ventral stabilization in the treatment of atlanto-axial instability can be recommended as the most reliable and optimal method, since it is technically simple and has good long-term results. Statistical data showed good results, the method is effective and allows to fully return the animal to a quality life in more than 86 % of cases.
Effectiveness of Farnesol for treatment of dog otitis complicated by Malassezia pachydermatis
Authors: Olabode Ifarajimi R. , Sachivkina Nadezhda P. , Kiseleva Ekaterina V. , Shurov Aleksey I.
Published: July 2023

The study involved 30 dogs with otitis complicated by Malassezia pachydermatis . The animals were divided into 2 groups: experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15). The experimental group was prescribed veterinary ear drops Surolan + a solution of the drug Farnesol; the control group - Surolan. The study showed that when Farnesol is added to the treatment regimen for fungal otitis etiology in dogs, small changes in the clinical composition of the blood are recorded, characterized by an increase in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin, a decrease in the number of leukocytes, with a decrease in the indicators of eosinophils and rod-shaped neutrophils in the experiment compared with the control. In addition, the complete absence of Malassezia pachydermatis in the smears of the ear contents after two weeks of therapy with a combined drug was proved. That is, in the experimental group, there were no cases of the presence of yeast-like fungi (YLF) in the smear after combined therapy with Surolan + Farnesol. And in the control group of 15 animals, YLF were observed in two with microscopy of ear exudate smears, but not in high concentration. The use of a combination of Surolan and Farnesol in dogs of the experimental group led to a decrease in hyperemia, itching, edema, ear fetid fluid on the 5th7th days of treatment, and complete clinical recovery of the animals occurred by the 10th14th day of therapy. In the control group, only Surolan was used, and improvement of clinical condition occurred on days 1214, and recovery only after completion of the full course. As a result, both treatment regimens were successful, but the scheme with Farnesol gave faster results due to the wide spectrum of action of this drug: both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory.
Features of the course of hepatocardial syndrome in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sotnikova Elena D. , Petrukhina Olesya A. , Byakhova Varvara M. , Sibirtsev Vladimir D.
Published: July 2023

The issues of changes in clinical, laboratory and instrumental parameters in cats with hepatocardial syndrome formed against the background of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were studied. It is known that in high-bred cats with congestive heart failure, secondary hepatopathy can develop and progress. It was shown that hepatocardial syndrome occurs in 33.7 % of cats, out of the total number of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (n = 83). It has been established that hepatocardial complications in cats are a risk factor for a more severe course of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Hepatocardial syndrome in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by severe hypothermia, circulatory and respiratory failure. In sick animals, an increase in frequency of breathing during sleep was recorded (33.39.3 versus 17.91.8 times/min; p 0.001). Domestic cats with hepatocardial syndrome had a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure (100.219.3 versus 107.219.1 mm Hg; p 0.05), sinus tachycardia (200.319.6 17.8 times/min; p 0.001), which leads to a significant decrease in PQ intervals (57.99.9 versus 64.99.9 ms; p 0.001) and QT intervals (168.917, 2 vs 157.518.6 ms; p 0.001). Sick cats had a significant increase in the time of refilling of capillaries with blood, slowdown in intraventricular conduction, increase in voltage of ventricular and atrial complex on electrocardiograms, expansion of pulmonary vein, significant dilatation of left atrium, extreme concentric hypertrophy of left ventricle, increase in transverse contractility of myocardium of left ventricle and decrease in longitudinal contractility myocardium of left and right ventricles, cardiomyocyte cytolysis syndrome, cholestasis, and hypoalbuminemia
Molecular biological marker BCL-2: testis analysis in prenatal injection of estrogen to white laboratory mice
Authors: Sulaimanova Rimma T. , Kvochko Andrey N.
Published: July 2023

Immunohistochemical study is one of the modern methods of disease diagnostics used in practical veterinary practice, as well as in scientific developments in differential diagnostics of animal diseases of tumour and non-tumour nature. Prenatal influence of estrogens results in reproductive system disorders in an adult organism which is accompanied by parallel growth of steroid dependent cancers of the offspring: testicles and ovaries. The aim of the study was to perform immunohistochemical analysis of Bcl-2 marker during prenatal exposure to different doses of the synthetic estrogen analogue Sinestrol in the testes of the offspring of white non-pedigreed laboratory mice. After fertilization, the pregnant females were divided into 3 groups, one intact and two experimental groups. The intact group was unaffected (n = 10). The first experimental group, C-25 (n = 13), was injected with the estrogen drug Sinestrol in the form of a 2 % oil solution at a dose of 25 g/kg. The second experimental group (n = 13) was given the estrogen preparation Sinestrol in the form of 2 % oil solution in a dose of 40 mkg/kg. When the offspring reached sexual maturity, they were removed from the experiment. Immunohistochemical analysis was carried out on sections from paraffin blocks of testes of progeny intended for standard morphological study, the marker of apoptosis inhibitor Bcl-2 was determined on indices of cellular elements of male glands of progeny: spermatogonia, spermatocytes, sperm-tides, spermatozoa and Leydig cells. Expression of Bcl-2 marker upon exposure to the synthetic drug Sinestrol at doses of 25 and 40 g/kg showed that the number of positively stained cells in spermatogonia increased by 8.6 and 9.4 % respectively compared to the intact group. When the intact group was compared with experimental groups C-25 and C-40, the expression of Bcl-2 marker in spermatocyte cells and spermatozoa showed no difference, a slight increase in positively stained cells in spermatids was observed. Bcl-2 marker expression rate in experimental groups C 25 and C-40 decreased in Leydig cells by 56.0 (P 0.05) and 60.0 % (P 0.05), respectively. Administration of the synthetic estrogen analogue Sinestrol during fetal gland initiation resulted in impaired morphology in the testes in adulthood. The expression index of Bcl-2 marker in experimental groups C-25 and C-40 decreased in Leydig cells, resulting in apoptotic cell death, which is responsible for production of male sex hormone testosterone. The results can be used to select optimal doses of the synthetic estrogen analogue Sinestrol in the prenatal period.
Project approach in breeding programs to ensure food security in Western Siberia
Authors: Yusova Oksana A. , Nikolaev Petr N.
Published: July 2023

The stages of development and implementation of the project for solving the main issues of breeding programs were considered. The studies were carried out using empirical methods and a marketing strategy. Project management is a part of the enterprise management system, in this case, Omsk Agrarian Research Center. Having a clear, predetermined risk mitigation plan as well as effective change management is a key success factor for project management. Given the well-known limitations of this approach: financial, time and human - the authors focused on the third component, in particular, organizational structure, role, responsibility and interaction of each of its members. It was shown that, under the condition of a clear division of roles, stabilization of work and minimization of deviations from the plan approved by the customer were achieved. It led to an increase in net income at minimal cost - the main criterion for economic efficiency in the agricultural sector. As a result, in modern realities, it is necessary to build breeding programs not on an intuitive approach, but with well-organized planning, starting from the stage of expert assessment of significance and ending with an economic assessment of its effectiveness. A basic project was developed - a plan for the implementation of breeding programs, applicable in production conditions of breeding enterprises.
Nonlinear optics problem with transformation of a spatial variable and an oblique derivative
Authors: Kornuta A. A. , Lukianenko V. A.
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we consider a functional differential equation of parabolic type on a strip with a transformation of a spatial variable and boundary conditions with an oblique derivative. Using the Laplace and Fourier transforms, we obtain a representation of the problem under consideration in the form of a nonlinear integral equation. A special case of this representation is considered. The proved statements make it possible to implement iterative methods for obtaining approximate solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations taking into account the given conditions. The results show that the presented method is promising for solving similar problems.
On the theory of entropy suband supersolutions of nonlinear degenerate parabolic equations
Authors: Panov E. Yu.
Published: July 2023

We consider a second-order nonlinear degenerate anisotropic parabolic equation in the case when the flux vector is only continuous and the nonnegative diffusion matrix is bounded and measurable. The concepts of entropy sub- and supersolution of the Cauchy problem are introduced, so that the entropy solution of this problem, understood in the sense of Chen-Perthame, is both an entropy sub- and supersolution. It is established that the maximum of entropy subsolutions of the Cauchy problem is also an entropy subsolution of this problem. This result is used to prove the existence of the largest entropy subsolution (and the smallest entropy supersolution). It is also shown that the largest entropy subsolution and the smallest entropy supersolution are also entropy solutions.
Evasion problem in linear parametric discrete games
Authors: Yugai L. P.
Published: July 2023

We consider the evasion problem in the formulation by Pontryagin and Mishchenko for linear discrete games depending on a parameter. We obtain sufficient conditions and domains of parameter values that ensure the solvability of the evasion problem. The obtained results are applied to the solution of the evasion problem for the well-known problem in the theory of differential games “Isotropic Rockets”-“Boy and Crocodile” in the discrete version.
Challenges of Students In Learning The Islamic Yellow Book at Dayah Raudhatul Qur'an Darussalam, Aceh Besar, Indonesia
Authors: Makraja Fahmi , Azmi Ulil
Published: July 2023

This research discusses the challenges of Dayah Raudhatul Qur'an Darussalam students in learning the yellow book. Dayah Raudhatul Qur'an Darussalam is one of the traditional dayahs in Aceh Besar district that still maintains the concept and learning model of classical "beut seumeubeut". The location of Dayah Raudhatul Qur'an is very strategic, which is located between two well-known campuses in Aceh, namely Syiah Kuala University and Ar-Raniry State Islamic University. The majority of students in Dayah Raudhatul Qur'an Darussalam are students from the two campuses and some from other campuses. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method, with the aim of discussing the challenges of Dayah Raudhatul Qur'an students in learning the yellow book. This research data was obtained through literature studies, observations and interviews. From the collected data, it was analyzed with a descriptive approach, namely describing the yellow book learning system in Dayah Raudhatul Qur'an Darussalam whose students were actually students. The results of this study show that there are several challenges for Dayah Raudhatul Qur'an Darussalam students in learning the yellow book, including lack of teaching staff, lack of learning time, insufficient and irregular repeating time, many student activities, and the negative impact of using technology.
Social Responsibilities of Islamic Religious Education Teachers To The Community of Gayo Lues, Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Pulo Tukok Masykur , Walidin Warul , Widyanto Anton , Silahuddin Silahuddin
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to determine the social responsibility of Islamic Religious Education teachers to the people of Gayo Lues Regency, the community's responses to the social responsibility of Islamic Religious Education teachers of Gayo Lues Regency, and the contribution of Islamic Religious Education Teachers to Knowledge in Gayo Regency Lues. This study was conducted in the form of qualitative field study. Interviews and documentation were employed as data collection techniques. The findings of the study indicate that some PAI teachers engage in forms of social responsibility with an inclusive, objective, nondiscriminatory, adaptable, and communicative attitude that manifests itself in both religious and nonreligious fields. Positive responses were received in the form of support, willingness to participate, and a desire to maintain the role of the PAI teacher in response to the social responsibility undertaken. Negative response where PAI teachers are less involved and participate less in the community, and where PAI teachers are considered to be confined to teaching at school without engaging with the adjacent community. Regarding PAI teachers' contribution to education in Gayo Lues Regency, it is carried out to the greatest extent possible, beginning with the provision of all extant skills to students and the surrounding community. Additionally, PAI teachers constantly teach Duha prayers as sunnah prayers for students.
The Learning Process of Islamic Education to Foster Students' Critical Reasoning at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teluk Panji, North Sumatra
Authors: Asmarita Desi , Prastowo Andi
Published: July 2023

Critical thinking is often reserved for adults. In fact, critical reasoning should have been cultivated from an early age. The importance of fostering students' critical reasoning is a demand for teachers to continue to strive for it through the learning process. Critical reasoning does not just grow, but is formed from a complex process consisting of elements that can be implemented by referring to the theory of constructivism. The learning process can be implemented by referring to the appropriate theory so that the learning process takes place with activities that will foster students' critical reasoning. So it is important to study the learning process that can foster critical reasoning. The purpose of this article is to describe the learning process of PAI to foster students' critical reasoning in madrasah ibtidaiyah. The location of this research was MIS Al-Hidayah Teluk Panji class 1. The method in this research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection was carried out using interview and documentation techniques. Furthermore, the data were analyzed descriptively.The findings in this study are that there are several stages in PAI learning to foster critical reasoning of grade 1 students, starting from making learning designs to foster critical reasoning, learning processes to evaluations oriented to active learning models. The PAI learning process to foster critical reasoning is carried out through interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, and self-regulation activities. Each of these activities influences the thinking ability of students through teacher guidance. The implication of this research is that PAI teachers can foster participants' critical reasoning in the learning process by taking the stages of activities according to the theory of critical thinking.
Analysis of Teach Like Finland's Book for The Development of Learning Strategies for Zakat Material in Islamic Senior High School
Authors: Marlina Cut Nyak , Zulfatmi Zulfatmi
Published: July 2023

Finland currently ranks first in the globe for quality education. The nation is known for its excellent educational system. Therefore, researchers are interested in analyzing the learning strategies contained in the Teach Like Finland book, as well as learning strategies that are applicable to zakat-related material. This objective is to develop learning strategies for zakat-related materials so that learning can be made more effective and efficient through the use of innovations and diverse approaches. This study employs the content analysis method. Several of the 33 strategies outlined in the book Teach Like Finland, such as brain rest schedules, learning on the move, celebrating their learning, leaving boundaries and offering choices, to make learning real, are suitable for teaching zakat-related material.
Development of Explain Everything Learning Media Through an Active Learning Approach to Improve Understanding of Tajwīd Subject
Authors: Rochmah Ulifah Azwarani , Sutiah Sutiah
Published: July 2023

After the COVID-19 pandemic, educational institutions in Indonesia, including non-formal educational institutions such as tutoring, adapted to online learning. However, new issues arise when students are unable to comprehend the material presented by the teacher or tutor on a variety of subjects, including tajwid. The Explain Everything learning platform is a digital whiteboard with a variety of intriguing features. This medium is most effective when combined with an approach to active learning. The study was conducted using the Research and Development (R&D) method of study with the ADDIE development model. Based on the evaluation and validation of subject matter experts, media specialists, and instructors, the Explain Everything learning media was deemed feasible with an average of 84.3%. According to the learning outcomes, the Explain Everything-based learning media for class five at Mardin Private Elementary School was successful in enhancing students' understanding of tajwid material.
Multi-Step Short-Term Wind Speed Prediction with Rank Pooling and Fast Fourier Transformation
Authors: Shu Hailong , SONG Weiwei , SONG Zhen , GUO Huichuang , LI Chaoqun
Published: July 2023

Short-term wind speed prediction is essential for economical
wind power utilization. The real-world wind speed data is typically
intermittent and fluctuating, presenting great challenges to existing
shallow models. In this paper, we present a novel deep hybrid model for
multi-step wind speed prediction, namely LR-FFT-RP-MLP/LSTM (Linear Fast
Fourier Transformation Rank Pooling Multiple-Layer Perception/Long
Short-Term Memory). Our hybrid model processes the local and global
input features simultaneously. We leverage Rank Pooling (RP) for the
local feature extraction to capture the temporal structure while
maintaining the temporal order. Besides, to understand the wind periodic
patterns, we exploit Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) to extract global
features and relevant frequency components in the wind speed data. The
resulting local and global features are respectively integrated with the
original data and are fed into an MLP/LSTM layer for the initial wind
speed predictions. Finally, we leverage a linear regression layer to
collaborate these initial predictions to produce the final wind speed
prediction. The proposed hybrid model is evaluated using real wind speed
data collected from 2010 to 2020, demonstrating superior forecasting
capabilities when compared to state-of-the-art single and hybrid models.
Overall, this study presents a promising approach for improving the
accuracy of wind speed forecasting.
Segmented up-bending of the Arabian continental plate revealed by Pn attenuation tomography
Authors: Yang Geng , Chen Ling , Zhao Lian-Feng , Xie Xiao-Bi , Yao Zhen-Xing
Published: July 2023

The Zagros orogen in the Iranian Plateau is a natural laboratory in
which to investigate the tectonic evolution of the transition from
oceanic subduction to continental collision. However, where slab
detachment occurred and how slab detachment affects shallower
continental subduction remain poorly understood. The formation mechanism
of the post-collision magmatism is also unclear. Here, we construct a
high-resolution Pn-wave attenuation model for the uppermost mantle
beneath the Iranian Plateau and surrounding areas using a newly compiled
dataset. Weak Pn attenuation delineates the Arabian Plate front near the
Moho discontinuity, extending further toward the subduction direction in
the northwestern and southeastern parts, possibly due to the up-bending
and underplating of the Arabian lithosphere after the loss of slab pull.
The correlations among the surface Miocene-Quaternary volcanism and
strong Pn attenuation in the uppermost mantle suggest that
asthenospheric materials escaped from slab windows and further feed the
post-collision volcanoes.
Technical Note: Revisiting the Procedure for Quantification of the Young Water Fraction Based on Seasonal Tracer Cycles
Authors: Nguyen Tam Van , Kumar Rohini , Heidbuchel Ingo , Borriero Arianna , Fleckenstein Jan
Published: July 2023

The transit time (TT) of streamflow encapsulates information about how
catchments store and release water and solutes of different ages. The
young water fraction (Fyw), the fraction of streamflow that is younger
than a certain age (normally 2–3 months), has been increasingly used as
an alternative metric to the commonly used mean TT (mTT). In the
commonly used (‘traditional’) procedure presented by Kirchner (2016),
the age threshold (τyw) of Fyw separating young from old water is not
pre-defined and differs from catchment to catchment depending on the
shape of the (gamma) transit time distribution. However, it can be
argued that it is important to use the same pre-defined τyw for
inter-catchment comparison of Fyw. In this study, we propose an
alternative (‘proposed’) procedure for the estimation of Fyw with any
pre-defined τyw. This allows us to also compare the effects of data
sampling frequencies on the results of Fyw estimation using the same
τyw. We applied the traditional and proposed procedures using daily
oxygen isotope (δ18O) data in the Alp and Erlenbach catchments,
Switzerland. We found that our proposed and the traditional procedure
can give very different Fyw values. With the proposed procedure, the
estimated Fyw significantly increases when the sampling frequency
changes from sub-monthly to monthly time steps. Overall, our study
highlights the importance of the selection of τyw and the sampling
frequency in Fyw estimation, which should be given more attention.
Accelerating subglacial hydrology for ice sheet models with deep learning methods
Authors: Verjans Vincent , Robel Alexander A
Published: July 2023

Subglacial drainage networks regulate the response of ice sheet flow to
surface meltwater input to the subglacial environment. Simulating
subglacial hydrology evolution is critical to projecting ice sheet
sensitivity to climate, and contribution to sea-level change. However,
current numerical subglacial hydrology models are computationally
expensive, and, consequently, evolving subglacial hydrology is neglected
in large-scale ice sheet simulations. We present a deep learning
emulator of a state-of-the-art subglacial hydrology model, trained at
multiple Greenland glaciers. Our emulator performs strongly in both
temporal (R2>0.99) and spatial (R2>0.96)
generalization, offers high computational savings, and can be used to
force numerical ice sheet models. This will enable century- and
large-scale ice sheet model simulations, including interactions between
ice flow and increased meltwater input to the subglacial environment.
Generally, our work demonstrates that machine learning can further
improve ice sheet models, reduce computational bottlenecks, and exploit
information from high-fidelity models and novel observational platforms.
Digital Twin of PR-DNS: Accelerating Dynamical Fields with Neural Operators in Particle-Resolved Direct Numerical Simulation
Authors: Zhang Tao , Li Lingda , ́opez-Marrero Vanessa L , Lin Meifeng , Liu Yangang , Yang Fan , Yu Kwangmin , Atif Mohammad
Published: July 2023

Particle-resolved direct numerical simulations (PR-DNS) play an
increasing role in investigating aerosol-cloud-turbulence interactions
at the most fundamental level of processes. However, the high
computational cost associated with high resolution simulations poses
considerable challenges for large domain or long duration simulation
using PR-DNS. To address these issues, here we present a digital twin
model of the complex physics-based PR-DNS developed by use of the
data-driven Fourier Neural Operator (FNO) method. The results
demonstrate high accuracy at various resolutions and the digital twin
model is two orders of magnitude cheaper in terms of computational
demand compared to the physics-based PR-DNS model. Furthermore, the FNO
digital-twin model exhibits strong generalization capabilities for
different initial conditions and ultra-high-resolution without the need
to retrain models. These findings highlight the potential of the FNO
method as a promising tool to simulate complex fluid dynamics problems
with high accuracy, computational efficiency, and generalization
capabilities, enhancing our understanding of the
aerosol-cloud-precipitation system.
Classification of Solar Flares using Data Analysis and Clustering of Active Regions
Authors: Baeke Hanne , Amaya Jorge , Lapenta Giovanni
Published: July 2023

We devised a new data analysis technique to identify the threat level of
solar active regions by processing a combined data set of magnetic field
parameters and flaring activity. The data set is composed of two
elements: a reduced factorization of SHARP parameters of the active
regions, and information about the flaring activity at the time of
measurement of the SHARP parameters. Machine learning is used to reduce
the data and to subsequently classify the active regions. For this
classification we used both supervised and unsupervised methods. The
following processing steps are applied to reduce and enhance the SHARP
data: outlier detection, redundancy elimination with common factor
analysis, addition of sparsity with autoencoders, and construction of a
balanced data set with under- and over-sampling. The supervised method,
K-nearest neighbors, produces very good results on the strong X- and
M-flares, with TSS scores of respectively 0.94 and 0.75. As unsupervised
methods we used clustering models, K-means and Gaussian Mixture Models.
We find that both techniques are able to distinguish non-flaring and
flaring active regions. Moreover, K-means is able to distinguish
C-/M-flaring active regions from X-flaring active regions. For
processing purposes an unsupervised method is more useful, since the
type of flare will not be available. Therefore, we conclude that K-means
provides the most promising results.
3D crustal structure of the Jammu and Kashmir Himalaya: signatures of mid-crustal ramp and Lesser Himalayan duplex
Authors: Mitra Supriyo , Sharma Swati , Priestley Keith F. , Wanchoo Sunil Kumar
Published: July 2023

We use teleseismic data from the Jammu and Kashmir Seismological
NETwork, to perform P-wave receiver function spatial and
common-conversion-point (CCP) stacks, and joint inversion with
Rayleigh-wave group-velocity dispersion, to construct 3D Vs model of the
Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) Himalaya. 2D-CCP and Vs profiles reveal
increasing crustal thickness from the foreland-to-hinterland, and an
under-thrust Indian crust beneath J&K. The Moho positive
impedance-contrast boundary is at ∼45 km depth beneath Sub-Himalaya and
deepens to ∼70 km beneath Higher-to-Tethyan Himalaya, with an overall
gentle NE dip. The Main Himalayan Thurst (MHT) forms a low velocity
layer (LVL) with negative impedance contrast, and has a flat–ramp
geometry. The flat segment is beneath Sub-to-Lesser Himalaya at 6–10 km
depth, and dips ∼4◦. The mid-crustal (frontal) ramp is beneath Kishtwar
Higher-Himalaya and Zanskar Ranges at 10–16 km depth, and dips
∼13–17◦. Significant along-arc variation in crustal structure is
observed between east (Kishtwar) and west (Kashmir Valley) segments.
Beneath the Kishtwar Window we image a Lesser Himalayan duplex (LHD)
bound between MHT sole-thrust and MCT roof-thrust. LHD horses dip at
high angle to the bounding structures and are illuminated by moderate
seismicity. Beneath the Pir-Panjal Ranges and Kashmir Valley, the
underthrust crust is ∼10 km thicker, has higher crustal Vs , and a
shallower flat MHT at ∼10 km depth. The westward shallowing of the MHT
occurs through a lateral ramp beneath Kishtwar Himalaya. Aftershocks of
the 2013 Kishtwar earthquake concentrate on the MHT frontal and lateral
ramp intersection, and possibly marks the down-dip locked-to-creep
transition.
Atmospheric Rivers in Southeast Alaska: Meteorological Conditions Associated with Extreme Precipitation
Authors: Nash Deanna , Rutz Jonathan J , Jacobs Aaron
Published: July 2023

Extreme precipitation events associated with atmospheric rivers (ARs)
trigger floods, landslides, and avalanches that threaten lives and
livelihoods in Southeast Alaska. Six rural and indigenous communities
(Hoonah, Klukwan, Skagway, Yakutat, Craig, and Kasaan) identified
specific needs regarding these hazards and joined the Southeast Alaska
Coastlines and People (CoPe) Kutí­ Hub to address the shared challenge
of understanding and predicting these events. This study presents a
climatology (1980–2019) of synoptic, mesoscale, and local
meteorological characteristics of ARs and heavy precipitation across
this region. High-amplitude upper-level patterns across the northeastern
Pacific Ocean favor ARs reaching Southeast Alaska, where moisture is
orographically lifted, resulting in heavy precipitation. In the six
communities, ARs occur 8–15 days per month, yet only 9 AR days per year
account for up to 75–90% of precipitation extremes. Furthermore,
79–95% of days with extreme precipitation have > 75th
percentile integrated water vapor transport (IVT), demonstrating the
strong relationship between IVT and extreme precipitation. This study
also highlights the relationship between IVT direction and complex
coastal topography in determining precipitation extremes. For example,
in Klukwan and Skagway, 80–90% of extreme ARs have south-southwesterly
or south-southeasterly IVT. Coastal communities like Yakutat experience
higher IVT and precipitation overall, and although southeasterly IVT is
more common, extreme precipitation events are most common with
southwesterly IVT. Collaboration with the National Weather Service in
Juneau, Alaska will lead to improved situational awareness, forecasts,
and Impact Decision Support Services to remote communities, saving lives
and property in a region vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.
Observations of ocean surface wave attenuation in sea ice using seafloor cables
Authors: Smith Madison Margaret , Thomson Jim , Baker Michael G. , Abbott Robert , Davis Jacob R
Published: July 2023

The attenuation of ocean surface waves during seasonal ice cover is an
important control on the evolution of many Arctic coastlines. The
spatial and temporal variations in this process have been challenging to
resolve with conventional sampling using sparse arrays of moorings or
buoys. We demonstrate a novel method for persistent observation of
wave-ice interactions using distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) along
existing seafloor telecommunications cables. The DAS measurements span a
36-km cross-shore seafloor cable on the Beaufort Shelf from Oliktok
Point, Alaska. DAS measurements of strain-rate provide a proxy for
seafloor pressure, which we calibrate with wave buoy measurements during
the ice-free season (August 2022). We apply this calibration during the
ice formation season (November 2021) to obtain unprecedented resolution
of variable wave attenuation rates in new, partial ice cover. The
location and strength of wave attenuation serve as a proxy for ice
coverage and thickness, especially during rapidly-evolving events.
The Influence of Solar Irradiation and Solar Wind Conditions on Heavy Ion Escape From Mars
Authors: Zhang Qi , Holmström Mats , Wang Xiao-Dong , Nilsson Hans , Barabash Stas
Published: July 2023

We apply a recently proposed method to estimate heavy ion escape from
Mars. The method combines in situ observations with a hybrid plasma
model, which treats ions as particles and electrons as a fluid. With
this method, we investigate how solar upstream conditions, including
solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation, solar wind dynamic pressure,
and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) strength and cone angle, affect
the heavy ion loss. The results indicate that the heavy ion escape rate
is greater in high EUV conditions. The escape rate increases with
increasing solar wind dynamic pressure, and decreases as the IMF
strength increases. The ion escape rate is highest when the solar wind
is parallel to the IMF and lowest when they are perpendicular. The plume
escape rate decreases when the solar wind convective electric field
increases.
The cost of imperfect knowledge: how epistemic uncertainties influence flood hazard assessments
Authors: Balbi Mariano , Lallemant David
Published: July 2023

Classical approaches to flood hazard are obtained by the concatenation
of a recurrence model for the events (i.e. an extreme river discharge)
and an inundation model that propagates the discharge into a flood
extent. The traditional approach, however, uses ‘best-fit‘ models that
do not include uncertainty from incomplete knowledge or limited data
availability. The inclusion of these, so called epistemic uncertainties,
can significantly impact flood hazard estimates and the corresponding
decision-making process. We propose a simulation approach to robustly
account for uncertainty in model’s parameters, while developing a useful
probabilistic output of flood hazard for further risk assessments. A
Peaks-Over-Threshold Bayesian analysis is performed for future events
simulation, and a pseudo-likelihood probabilistic approach for the
calibration of the inundation model is used to compute uncertain water
depths. The annual probability averaged over all possible models’
parameters is used to develop hazard maps that account for epistemic
uncertainties. Results are compared to traditional hazard maps, showing
that not including epistemic uncertainties can underestimate the hazard
and lead to non-conservative designs, and that this trend increases with
return period. Results also show that the influence of the uncertainty
in the future occurrence of discharge events is predominant over the
inundation simulator uncertainties for the case study.
Ultrasound-Guided Fascia Iliac Compartment Block Anesthesia for Analgesia in Elderly Hip Fractures
Authors: Jing Niu , Quan-Jie He , Hai-Liang Yang , Huan Liu , Zhang Yong-tao
Published: July 2023

Objective: To investigate the effect of ultrasound-guided iliac fascia analgesia on hip fracture in senile patients. Methods: Preoperative and postoperative ultrasound-guided iliac fascia analgesia was performed in elderly patients with hip fracture. Results: The need for additional analgesics after implementation was recorded. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided fascia iliac analgesia is feasible, safe and effective in elderly patients with hip fracture.
A Vermiform Appendix Herniation Presenting in an Inguinal Hernia: A Case Report from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almutairi Ayed , Albugami Shoag , Alrawaji Fatma
Published: July 2023

We present a case of a 20-year-old Saudi male, who presented to the emergency room because of swelling in the right inguinal area for 3 days after getting upper respiratory tract infection, US was done in the ER and showed uncomplicated right inguinal hernia. The patient was referred to General surgery clinic. Vital signs on the clinic were normal. Abdominal examination revealed soft and lax with right reducible inguinal hernia. Preoperative laboratory test came out within the normal ranges. A routine open right inguinal hernia repair with mesh was done, incidental finding of tubular structure inferio-lateral to the hernia sac and adherent to it was identified, diagnostic laparoscopy was done which showed appendix protruding through the internal inguinal ring and laparoscopic appendectomy done. Histopathology of the hernia sac and content was appendix consistent with Amynda’s hernia