bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Facing the storm: Developing corporate adaptation and resilience action plans amid climate uncertainty
Authors: Hennes Katharina , Bendig David , Löschel Andreas
Published: May 2024

Climate hazards disrupt global value chains and business operations, leading to €52 billion in losses for the European Union in 2022 alone. In response to this escalating crisis, there is a need for corporate climate adaptation and resilience strategies (henceforth: CCAR) to effectively integrate climate risk challenges into strategic planning. Despite this urgency, there is a shortfall of research synthesising the drivers, strategies, and outcomes of corporate adaptation and resilience. Our study addresses this gap by conducting a systematic literature review to elucidate the academic status quo. From an initial dataset of over 3000 publications, we narrowed the sample to 66 papers, which specifically focus on these topics in the private sector. Grounded in this comprehensive review and regulatory observations, we delineate a CCAR typology to define the key elements required for a corporate approach to physical climate risks. This typology is translated into an actionable business adaptation framework, offering a clear path to begin the adaptation journey. Our in-depth content analysis contributes to the existing literature by identifying two main themes and several gaps: Current research covers the drivers, detailing why companies embark on such initiatives. Another stream focuses on how companies adapt, examining strategies to overcome these climate risks. However, work on the effectiveness and outcomes thereof is scarce. Consequently, our study delineates six trajectories for future research, the outcomes of which can serve as catalysts for advancing future CCAR efforts.
Is renewable energy sustainable? Potential relationships between renewable energy production and the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Tian Jing , Culley Sam Anthony , Maier Holger Robert , Zecchin Aaron Carlo
Published: May 2024

Given the key role renewable energy plays in averting the impending climate crisis, assessments of the sustainability of renewable energy systems (RESs) are often heavily skewed towards their environmental benefits, such as reductions in carbon emissions. However, RES projects also have the potential to actively harm progress towards other aspects of sustainability, particularly when hidden within the energy generation process. Given the growing understanding of the ’dark side‘ of renewables, we must ask the question: Is renewable energy sustainable? To gain a better understanding of this issue, we analyzed the degree of alignment of seven aspects of the renewable energy production process with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and their targets for six renewable energy types categorizing the relationships as either enablers or inhibitors. This information makes it possible for decision- and policy- makers to move beyond carbon tunnel vision to consider the wider impacts of RESs on sustainable development.
Recent advances in engineering prodrug-based nanomedicines for cancer therapy
Authors: Shi Linlin , Lin Shanshan , Zhou Fengping , Jiang Hao , Zhang Jin
Published: May 2024

This review focuses on updates regarding a broad spectrum of fabrication advances and applications in the field of prodrug-based nanotechnologies in multiple cancer therapeutic strategies in response to the tumor microenvironment.
Sea urchin nanostructured nickel cobaltite modified carbon cloth integrated wearable patches for the on-site detection of the immunosuppressant drug mycophenolate mofetil
Authors: Niyas K. , Richard Bartholomew , Ankitha Menon , Rasheed P. Abdul
Published: May 2024

Amino functionalized nickel cobaltite was used for modifying the carbon cloth and made a wearable sensor patch for onsite electrochemical monitoring of mycophenolate mofetil.
A new strategy for RRS-based determination of phosphate with a bifunctional Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle surface molecularly imprinted polydopamine probe
Authors: Wan Wenxin , Yang Jie , Wen Guiqing , Liang Aihui , Jiang Zhiliang
Published: May 2024

In this paper, a magnetic nanoparticle surface molecularly imprinted polydopamine RRS probe Fe3O4@MIP was prepared using phosphomolybdic acid (PMo) as the template, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles as the substrate and dopamine hydrochloride (PD) as the monomer and crosslinking agent for the determination of PO43−.
Development of a reliable method for determination of N-nitrosamines in medicines using disposable pipette extraction and HPLC-MS analysis
Authors: Batista Junior Almir Custodio , Rocha Yuri Arrates , Souza Gabriela Guimarães , Chaves Andréa Rodrigues
Published: May 2024

This study outlines the development and optimization of an analytical method using Disposable Pipette Extraction (DPX) followed by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis to determine NAs in medicines.
A highly selective coumarin-based chemosensor for dual sensing of Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions with logic gate integration and live cell imaging
Authors: Singh Avanish Kumar , Singh Amit Kumar , Sharma Shashi Kant , Sonkar Vijay Kumar , Singh Vinod P.
Published: May 2024

A new coumarin-based fluorometric chemosensor has been developed for highly selective and efficient detection of Zn2+ and Cu2+ ions in nanomolar concentrations in SiHa cells.
s valence electrons in cations of metal oxides serving as descriptors for electron and hole polarons
Authors: Tao Junyan , Liu Taifeng
Published: May 2024

In metal oxides with ns (n ⩾ 5) valence electrons, an excess electron will localize on several sites or form a 2D-like polaron. In this case, the DFT+U approach failed, and the hybrid functional should be used.
Hot carrier creation in a nanoparticle dimer-molecule composite
Authors: Mokkath Junais Habeeb
Published: May 2024

Light-matter interactions have garnered considerable interest owing to their burgeoning applications in quantum optics and plasmonics.
High-temperature spectra of the PNO molecule based on robust first-principles methods
Authors: Chen Guangan , Qin Zhi , Liu Linhua
Published: May 2024

The line list of PNO was calculated using robust first-principles methods, containing almost 5.87 billion transitions between 3.61 million levels. It can be used to generate the PNO spectrum below 3000 K covering the region from 0 to 6000 cm−1.
Enhancement of magnetism by tailoring synthesis conditions in electron-doped superconducting nanoparticles
Authors: Falhan Muhammad Fadhil , Winarsih Suci , Pratama Rosaldi , Syakuur Muhammad Abdan , Widyaiswari Utami , Putri Anita Eka , Risdiana
Published: May 2024

This study on the Eu1.85Ce0.15CuO4+α−δ indicates that tailoring the synthesis conditions allows for deliberate modification of particle size and magnetism in electron-doped superconducting cuprates of ECCO.
A two-dimensional covalent organic framework with single-atom manganese for electrochemical NO reduction: a computational study
Authors: Yu Jing , Wang Yu , Li Yafei
Published: May 2024

The electrochemical NO reduction activity of COFs is substantially improved after replacing O with N linking, and a COF with single-atom Mn is identified to be a highly promising candidate based on DFT calculations and constant-potential modelling.
“Nano-egg” superstructures of hydrophobic nanocrystals dispersed in water
Authors: Pileni M. P.
Published: May 2024

In this feature article, we use hydrophobic ferrite (Fe3O4) nanocrystal shells filled with Au nanocrystals self-assembled into 3D superlattices and dispersed in water.
Hidden structures: a driving factor to achieve low thermal conductivity and high thermoelectric performance
Authors: Sarkar Debattam , Bhui Animesh , Maria Ivy , Dutta Moinak , Biswas Kanishka
Published: May 2024

This review highlights the implications of the local crystal structure for phonon dynamics and explores various strategies for enhancing thermoelectric performance in crystalline materials through local structure engineering.
Construction of nickel iron sulfide at ambient temperature on Fe foam for high-current overall water splitting
Authors: Gao Shuang , Wang Zhuo , Nie Ping , Jian Juan , Wang Hairui , Yao Fen , Chang Limin
Published: May 2024

The development of non-precious metal overall water splitting electrocatalysts under high current density is of utmost importance in feasible water splitting technology.
Photon and phonon powered photothermal catalysis
Authors: Xu Chang , Tang Qijun , Tu Wenguang , Wang Lu
Published: May 2024

Synergistic coupling of photons and phonons make the photothermal catalytic conversion of various important processes possible.
Vacancy induced microstrain in high-entropy alloy film for sustainable hydrogen production under universal pH conditions
Authors: Yang Yiyuan , Jia Zhe , Wang Qianqian , Liu Yujing , Sun Ligang , Sun Bo , Kuang Juan , Dai Shoujun , He Jianguo , Liu Sida , Duan Lunbo , Tang Hongjian , Zhang Lai-Chang , Kruzic Jamie J. , Lu Jian , Shen Baolong
Published: May 2024

A novel vacancy-induced microstrain engineering strategy is developed in FeCoNiCrPt high-entropy alloy, enabling high activity and long lifetime hydrogen evolution under universal pH conditions.
Assessing the internalization pathways of Cr–Fe–Ni nanoparticles in native Dittrichia viscosa naturally exposed to industrial atmospheric fallout
Authors: Belhaj Abdallah Bouchra , Andreu Irene , Perez Viridiana , Gates Byron D.
Published: May 2024

Significant amounts of aerosolized Cr–Fe–Ni nanoparticles were detected in wild Dittrichia viscosa grown near steel manufacturing activities. Most of these nanoparticles were found on the plant shoots likely internalized via a foliar uptake process.
Anti-obesity effects of a standardized ethanol extract of Eisenia bicyclis by regulating the AMPK signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 cells and HFD-induced mice
Authors: Yoon Young-Seo , Chung Kyung-Sook , Lee Su-Yeon , Heo So-Won , Kim Ye-Rin , Lee Jong Kil , Kim Hyunjae , Park Soyoon , Shin Yu-Kyong , Lee Kyung-Tae
Published: May 2024

EEB has the potential to prevent diet-induced obesity via weight loss.
Enzymatic reduction of halogenated aryl ketones in an aqueous micellar solution with enhanced catalytic performance
Authors: Liu Yunting , Yan Jiajing , Yuan Quan , Ma Li , Zhou Liya , He Ying , Liu Guanhua , Yue Xiaoyang , Jiang Yanjun
Published: May 2024

The synthesis of enantiopure chiral halogenated aryl alcohols by ketoreductases was conducted in an aqueous micellar solution formed by TPGS-750-M, achieving remarkable yields and enantioselectivities under high concentration.
Self-evolutionary recycling of flame-retardant polyurethane foam enabled by controllable catalytic cleavage
Authors: Fang Dan-Xuan , Chen Ming-Jun , Zeng Fu-Rong , Guo Shuai-Qi , He Lei , Liu Bo-Wen , Huang Sheng-Chao , Zhao Hai-Bo , Wang Yu-Zhong
Published: May 2024

A controllable catalytic cracking strategy was proposed for the self-evolving recycling of flame-retardant polyurethane.
Fenton reaction-driven pro-oxidant synergy of ascorbic acid and iron oxide nanoparticles in MIL-88B(Fe)
Authors: Bondarenko Lyubov , Baimuratova Rose , Dzeranov Artur , Pankratov Denis , Kicheeva Arina , Sushko Ekaterina , Kudryasheva Nadezhda , Valeev Rishat , Tropskaya Natalya , Dzhardimalieva Gulzhian , Kydralieva Kamila
Published: May 2024

Firstly Fe3O4-MIL-88B(Fe) was studied, and the pro-oxidant role of ascorbic acid in enhancing its catalytic properties is investigated.
Interface properties of hydroxyapatite in ternary composites cathodes for electromethanogenesis
Authors: Bigica Michele , Ghiara Giorgia , Cristiani Pierangela , Campisi Sebastiano , Gervasini Antonella
Published: May 2024

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a key modifier in biochar-based cathode materials in electromethanogenesis systems. It enhances the adsorption of reagents, promotes the adhesion of microorganisms, and stabilizes the pH at the interface.
Phytochemical and pharmacological properties of the genus Alpinia from 2016 to 2023
Authors: Youn Isoo , Han Ah-Reum , Piao Donglan , Lee Hwaryeong , Kwak Hyunkyung , Lee Yeju , Nam Joo-Won , Seo Eun Kyoung
Published: May 2024

Alpinia is the largest genus in the ginger family, Zingiberaceae, and comprises about 500 species. It is known to have various secondary metabolites and biological properties on account of those metabolites.
Rediscovering phthalonitrile resins: a novel liquid monomer towards high-performance resins
Authors: Gao Muyao , Wu Qian , Li Tianhao , Liu Li , Li Bing , Song Yujie , Liu Ming
Published: May 2024

Phthalonitrile resins from a high-processability liquid monomer exhibit good thermal stability and flame retardancy.
Luminescent iridium(iii)–peptide bioconjugates for bioanalytical and biomedical applications
Authors: Jing Shaozhen , Wu Xiaolei , Chan Daniel Shiu-Hin , Nao Sang-Cuo , Du Jianxiong , Wong Chun-Yuen , Wang Jing , Leung Chung-Hang , Wang Wanhe
Published: May 2024

We describe the interactions between iridium(iii) complexes and peptides and the emerging applications of iridium(iii)–peptide bioconjugates in biomedical fields, summarizing and commenting on their widespread applications for bioimaging and therapy.
Mixed lanthanide–organic frameworks with borono groups for colorimetric detection of excess fluoride levels in rivers
Authors: Min Hui , Zhu Zhuohang , Huang Meiyi , Zhou Junbao , Zhao Nian , Cheng Peng
Published: May 2024

The colorimetric visual detection of fluoride ions in river was realized through weak double dynamic interactions between mixed lanthanide-organic framework and fluoride ions.
Fullerene rotation dictated by benzene–fullerene interactions
Authors: Wang Yaofeng , Liu Fupin
Published: May 2024

The temperature-driven dynamics of Dy2ScN@C80 in the crystal was rigorously visualized with single crystal X-ray diffraction, indicating a surprising effect of benzene positions dictating fullerene rotation.
A lost piece of the puzzle of the alkane cracking mechanism: a carbanion pathway on a solid base catalyst
Authors: Zuo Zhixuan , Sha Yuchen , Wang Ruoyu , Wang Lixin , Song Haitao , Wang Peng , Da Zhijian
Published: May 2024

The cracking of propane molecules via a thermal cracking process, a base-catalyzed process, and a strong-base-catalyzed process was studied by means of catalyst characterization and evaluation of catalyst performance.
CHN nanocomposites and nanocoating resist enamel white spot lesions by enhancing remineralization and antibacterial activity
Authors: Wang Lihui , Niu Shuqiang , Xu Shanshan , Yu Yanling , Hao Yuanping
Published: May 2024

Enamel white spot lesions (WSLs) are usually caused by the dissolution of minerals (mainly calcium and phosphate) on the tooth surface due to the acidic environment in the oral cavity.
Achievement of waste sludge deep dehydration under acidic conditions with polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride and ferric chloride: performance and mechanism
Authors: Lv Yong-Tao , Wang Kaichong , Liu Jiaxin , Wang Xudong , Li Le , Qiu Junqi , Wang Lei
Published: May 2024

The biological treatment of wastewater generates a substantial amount of waste sludge that requires dewatering before final disposal.
Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure, and fabrication of photosensitive Schottky device of a binuclear Cu(ii)-Salen complex: a DFT investigations
Authors: Majumdar Dhrubajyoti , Gassoumi Bouzid , Dey Arka , Roy Sourav , Ayachi Sahbi , Hazra Suman , Dalai Sudipta
Published: May 2024

This work explores one centrosymmetric binuclear Cu(ii)-Salen complex synthesis, characterization, photosensitive Schottky barrier diode (PSBD) function, and DFT spectrum.
Acetohydroxamic acid salts: mild, simple and effective degradation reagents to counter Novichok nerve agents
Authors: Smolkin Boris , Nahum Victoria , Bloch-Shilderman Eugenia , Nili Uri , Fridkin Gil , Ashkenazi Nissan
Published: May 2024

Fast and efficient Novichoks (A-agents) degradation is obtained by acetohydroxamic acid salts. These scavengers can thus be implemented as a medical countermeasure or device for dermal exposure to Novichoks.
Diachronic evolvement from tetra-icosahedral to quasi-hexagonal close-packed bimetal clusters
Authors: Tang Shisi , Wang Endong , Wu Yanzhen , Song Tongxin , Zhou Meng , Cai Xiao , Gao Yi , Ding Weiping , Zhu Yan
Published: May 2024

Here we report a diachronic evolvement from tetra-icosahedral Au30Ag12(CCR)24 to quasi-hcp (hexagonal close-packed) Au47Ag19(CCR)32 which might be proceeded by the interface shrinking followed by the core rearrangement and surface polymerization.
Contactless vital sign monitoring systems: a comprehensive survey of remote health sensing for heart rate and respiration in internet of things and sleep applications
Authors: Raheel Muhammad Salman , Tubbal Faisel , Raad Raad , Ogunbona Philip , Coyte James , Patterson Christopher , Perlman Dana , Iranmanesh Saeid , Odeh Nidhal , Foroughi Javad
Published: May 2024

Non-invasive vital sign monitoring systems: explore accurate heart rate and respiration rate monitoring methods for reliable measurements.
Metal-free polymeric and molecular disorder/order semiconductor heterojunctions for the visible-light photocatalytic Minisci reaction
Authors: Li Peihe , Li Qingguang , Wang Gelan , Lu Ye , Duan Limei , Bai Jie , Sarina Sarina , Liu Jinghai
Published: May 2024

The PTCDA/g-C3N4 system, with three interfaces, not only effectively suppresses carrier recombination, facilitating the conversion of ˙O2− to 1O2, but also promotes the formation of products through the absorption of visible light.
Phase engineering to construct In2S3 heterophase junctions and abundant active boundaries and surfaces for efficient Pyro-PEC performance in CdS/In2S3
Authors: Chen Xingfei , Ruan Mengnan , Wang Chengyi , Zhong Tingting , Liu Zhifeng
Published: May 2024

Phase engineering to construct In2S3 heterophase junctions and abundant active boundaries and surfaces for efficient Pyro-PEC performance in CdS/In2S3.
Recent advances of 2D conductive metal–organic frameworks in thermoelectrics
Authors: Li Kuncai , Wang Jing , Wang Hong
Published: May 2024

2D c-MOFs have shown desirable features for TE applications such as high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art works on the strategies of 2D c-MOFs-based TE materials.
Two-dimensional carbon/boron nitrides: modification, machine learning and beyond
Authors: Wu Qi , Lin YangRui , Ou Yangwenting , Wang Changhua , Ma He , Wang Rui , Li Yuanyuan , Zhang Xintong
Published: May 2024

The exploration and functionalization of two-dimensional (2D) materials have opened new horizons in the fields of catalysis and materials science.
A dual ligand synergism strategy for fabrication of highly luminescent FAPbBr3 nanocrystal films and efficient electroluminescent devices
Authors: Fan Cuihe , Zhang Feng , Cao Zhengwei , Liu Jiaqi , Hao Yuying
Published: May 2024

We addressed the unique regulation mechanism of dual ligands on crystallization of FAPbBr3 NCs. Based on this dual ligands synergism effect, highly luminescent and uniform FAPbBr3 films and efficient electroluminescence devices were achieved.
A multifunctional oriented nanocrystalline Pb0.91La0.06Zr0.8Ti0.2O3 relaxor ferroelectric thin film for chip power and thermal management
Authors: Hou Yuxuan , Li Junjie , Yin Ruowei , Su Xiaopo , Su Yanjing , Qiao Lijie , Liu Chuanbao , Li Qian , Bai Yang
Published: May 2024

PLZT 6/80/20 thin films prepared by the sol–gel method exhibit excellent energy storage, pyroelectric and electrocaloric performances, making them suitable for power and thermal management of chips.
A NaBiF4:Gd/Tb nanoscintillator for high-resolution X-ray imaging
Authors: Bungla Manisha , Tyagi Mohit , Ganguli Ashok K. , Prasad Paras N.
Published: May 2024

Lanthanide-doped fluoride nanoscintillators have received tremendous attention due to their high photochemical stability and tunable X-ray excited optical luminescence compared to traditional inorganic scintillators.
Output feedback stabilization of stochastic high‐order nonlinear time‐delay systems with unknown output function
Authors: Dong Wei , Jiang Mengmeng
Published: May 2024

This article considers the problem of output feedback stabilization for a class of stochastic high‐order nonlinear time‐delay systems with unknown output function. For stochastic high‐order nonlinear time‐delay systems, based on the Lyapunov stability theorem, by combining the addition of one power integrator and homogeneous domination method, the maximal open sector of output function is given. As long as output function belongs to any closed sector included in , an output feedback controller can be developed to guarantee the closed‐loop system globally asymptotically stable in probability.
Artificial neural network-based modelling and prediction of white layer formation during hard turning of steels
Authors: Souid Abdallah , Jomaa Walid , Terres Mohamed Ali
Published: May 2024

During hard machining, steels subjected to very high thermal and mechanical loads can result in microstructural/phase changes such as the formation of a white layer. This layer, which is often harder than the raw material, is considered detrimental to the fatigue performance and in-service life of machined parts. This paper proposes a comprehensive study of white layer formation during hard machining of steels using statistical analysis and artificial neural networks (ANN) modeling. To this end, two steals, named AISI 52100 and AISI 4340, commonly used in the manufacturing of structural machines’ components and extensively studied in the last decade, have been considered in this study. First, Taguchi method combined with response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to analyze and to optimize the machining parameters regarding the white layer thickness. Second, an ANN model is developed to predict the white layer thickness during hard machining of the studied steels using a large amount of machining data. Three training algorithms were tested to find the most robust configuration. The equivalent carbon parameter was introduced for the first time in machining modeling which make the proposed ANN-based model capable of predicting the white layer thickness for different hardened steels. The results show a significant agreement between predictions and experimental results, avoiding costly experimental machining tests.
Editorial
Authors: Bein Gregor
Published: May 2024

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser der Fachzeitschrift Transfusionsmedizin,
es ist mit einem wehmütigen Herzen, aber auch mit großer Dankbarkeit, dass ich mich
heute von Ihnen als Herausgeber dieser renommierten Zeitschrift verabschiede. Es war
mir eine Ehre und Freude, Sie über all die Jahre mit aktuellen Erkenntnissen und
Entwicklungen im Bereich der Transfusionsmedizin zu versorgen.
Positiv-psychologische Unterstützung bei Patient*innen mit
chronischen Schmerzen
Authors: von Buttlar Lutz
Published: May 2024

Der Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der Integration salutogenetischer Prinzipien und
positiv-psychologischer Ansätze zur Verbesserung der Lebensqualität von
Patient*innen mit chronischen Schmerzen. Salutogenese, basierend auf dem Konzept
des Kohärenzgefühls, betont die Bedeutung von Verstehbarkeit, Handhabbarkeit und
Bedeutsamkeit für die Förderung von Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden.

Die Positive Psychologie ergänzt diesen Ansatz durch die Betonung positiver
Aspekte des Lebens, individueller Stärken und sinnstiftender Erfahrungen.
Gemeinsam bieten diese Ansätze eine Perspektive, um nicht nur die
Schmerzsymptome zu bewältigen, sondern auch die psychische Resilienz der
Patient*innen zu stärken. Bestimmte Maßnahmen können im Kontext von Salutogenese
und Positiver Psychologie dazu beitragen, den Verlauf von chronischen Schmerzen
positiv zu beeinflussen. Interventionen, die das Kohärenzgefühl stärken und
positive Bewältigungsstrategien fördern, sind in der Lage, die Entstehung von
Begleiterscheinungen zu reduzieren.

Die Kombination von salutogenetischen Prinzipien und positiv-psychologischer
Unterstützung stellt eine vielversprechende Herangehensweise für die
ganzheitliche Betreuung von Patient*innen mit chronischen Schmerzen dar. Diese
integrative Sichtweise eröffnet Möglichkeiten, die Lebensqualität zu verbessern
und die Resilienz von Patient*innen auf ihrem Weg zur Schmerzbewältigung zu
stärken.
Tests zur Bewegungskontrolle von Kopf, Nacken, Augen und der
kraniomandibulären Region
Authors: Luomajoki Hannu , von Piekartz Harry J.M. , Ernst Markus J.
Published: May 2024

Beurteilung und Behandlung der Bewegungskontrolle und deren Probleme sind
Kernkompetenzen in der Physiotherapie. Die Tests zur Bewegungskontrolle der
Lendenwirbelsäule sind mittlerweile bekannt. Doch welche Tests stehen für die
Halswirbelsäule zur Verfügung? Die Autoren stellen die wichtigsten Tests vor und
geben einen Überblick zur Studienlage.
Update: Noziplastischer Schmerz
Authors: Magerl Walter
Published: May 2024

Die „International Association for the Study of Pain“ (IASP) führte im Jahr 2016
als mechanistische dritte Schmerzkategorie den „Noziplastischen Schmerz“ ein.
Die IASP-Definition erklärt Noziplastizität als veränderte Nozizeption in Folge
einer Modulation der Reizverarbeitung ohne den Nachweis einer Gewebe- oder
Nervenschädigung. Die begriffliche Unschärfe und Breite der Definition sowie
ihre unklare Verknüpfung mit neurophysiologischen Mechanismen eröffnen damit
potenziell einen weiteren Weg der Stigmatisierung der Patient*innen.
Ambulantisierung der Krankenhauspsychiatrie – es ist an der
Zeit
Authors: Driessen Martin
Published: May 2024

Die Deutsche Krankenhauspsychiatrie ist unzweifelhaft noch durch die stationäre
Behandlung dominiert. Besonders fällt dies im Vergleich zu fast allen anderen
Ländern der EU auf: nach den Daten von Eurostat 1 verfügt Deutschland über 128 psychiatrische Betten pro 100.000
Einwohner und liegt damit weit über dem Durchschnitt (73/100.000) und an der
zweithöchsten Stelle des EU-Rankings. Selbst wenn man einige methodische Unschärfen
in Rechnung stellt, muss man diesen Befund wohl als Faktum betrachten.
Haut- und Weichteilinfektionen – Erysipel, Phlegmone und Fasziitis
Authors: Karl Thomas
Published: May 2024

Haut- und Weichteilinfektionen umfassen eine heterogene Gruppe von Erkrankungen, die zu den häufigsten Infektionen in der ambulanten und stationären Praxis gehören. Zu unterscheiden sind leichte, oberflächliche von schweren und komplizierten Erkrankungen. Letztere erfordern neben einer antiinfektiven Therapie grundsätzlich eine (unverzügliche) chirurgische Behandlung, deren Zeitpunkt und Radikalität bei der nekrotisierenden Fasziitis für die Prognose entscheidend sind. Insbesondere an den unteren Extremitäten kann die Differenzialdiagnose schwierig sein. Da die üblichen serologischen Infektparameter unspezifisch sind, steht im Vordergrund eine genaue Anamnese und die klinische Untersuchung. Bildgebende Verfahren können ergänzend erfolgen, dürfen die dringlich notwendige operative Therapie aber nicht verzögern.
Von IFOMT zu IFOMPT: Wo kommt sie her – und wo geht sie
hin?
Authors: de Ruijter Renée , Davies-Knorr Trisha
Published: May 2024

1974 als IFOMT gegründet, 2008 zu IFOMPT umbenannt – die weltweit bedeutendste
Vereinigung für Muskuloskelettale Physiotherapie wird in diesem Jahr 50. Wie war
das noch? Und was hat sich verändert? Renée de Ruijter und Trisha Davies-Knorr
nehmen uns mit auf eine Zeitreise der Manuellen Therapie und der IFOMPT.
Evaluation of Transiently O-6-Protected Guanosine Morpholino Nucleosides in Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligonucleotide Synthesis
Authors: Sinha Surajit , Qasim Md , Ghosh Atanu , Das Arnab
Published: May 2024

A novel strategy is presented for the synthesis of morpholino guanosine monomers protected at O-6 with 1-(4-azidophenyl)ethan-1-ol, p-methoxybenzyl alcohol and trimethylsilylethyl groups. The introduction of these protecting groups increases the solubility of the morpholino nucleosides which is crucial during the synthesis of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligonucleotides (PMOs). HPLC analysis shows that the trimethylsilylethyl-protected monomer gives better coupling efficiency in PMO synthesis compared to the regular monomer. Moreover the nonpolar nature of the O-6-protected monomer facilitates the preparation of guanosine-rich oligomer in solution.
A Rare Case of Prenatal Diagnosis and Management of Fetal Oral Cystic Mass
Authors: Shivaramegowda Raksha , Singh Arati , Dayalan Vinitra , Kolar Geeta
Published: May 2024

Congenital fetal oral mass is a very rare entity. A correct ultrasound-based approach on the anatomic location, consistency, and vascularity will help us to narrow down the differentials antenatally but a confirmed diagnosis can be made by histopathological examination postnatally. We describe a case of a fetal oral cyst diagnosed antenatally at 20 weeks of gestation. On follow-up, fetal growth and amniotic fluid volume were normal with no changes in the size or the position of the cyst. The cyst was excised on the first neonatal day. Histopathology was consistent with a mucocele.
Entrepreneurial universities and integrated sustainability for the knowledge-based economy: self-perception and some structural challenges in the Gulf region
Authors: Zaidan Esmat , Momani Rula , Al-Saidi Mohammad
Published: May 2024

Innovation and the promotion of entrepreneurship are requirements of the transition towards knowledge-based economies. Universities are assigned a key role in advancing entrepreneurship through the restructuring of teaching, research, and governance with an emphasis on innovation and sustainability. In the Gulf region, universities are increasingly adopting reforms aimed at redefining their missions towards entrepreneurial education. This study examines the impact of university-based innovation and entrepreneurial models on progressing towards knowledge-based economies, with Qatar University serving as a case study. It qualitatively assesses recent university reforms and contextualizes these reforms within limitations in the national context and the political economy of the rentier states in the Gulf. The findings suggest that for Gulf region universities to effectively become entrepreneurial and support sustainable development, they must cultivate an entrepreneurial culture and mindset. This requires structural and cultural shifts that resonate with national context, institutional values, and the global sustainability goals. The study indicates that a top-down approach to developing entrepreneurial universities is less effective. It advocates for policies and incentives that motivate universities to become entrepreneurial. Ultimately, the study’s insights aim to guide policymaking to develop knowledge economy frameworks in Qatar towards a sustainable future.
Response Item Network (ResIN): A network-based approach to explore attitude systems
Authors: Carpentras Dino , Lueders Adrian , Quayle Michael
Published: May 2024

Belief network analysis (BNA) refers to a class of methods designed to detect and outline structural organizations of complex attitude systems. BNA can be used to analyze attitude-structures of abstract concepts such as ideologies, worldviews, and norm systems that inform how people perceive and navigate the world. The present manuscript presents a formal specification of the Response-Item Network (or ResIN), a new methodological approach that advances BNA in at least two important ways. First, ResIN allows for the detection of attitude asymmetries between different groups, improving the applicability and validity of BNA in research contexts that focus on intergroup differences and/or relationships. Second, ResIN’s networks include a spatial component that is directly connected to item response theory (IRT). This allows for access to latent space information in which each attitude (i.e. each response option across items in a survey) is positioned in relation to the core dimension(s) of group structure, revealing non-linearities and allowing for a more contextual and holistic interpretation of the attitudes network. To validate the effectiveness of ResIN, we develop a mathematical model and apply ResIN to both simulated and real data. Furthermore, we compare these results to existing methods of BNA and IRT. When used to analyze partisan belief-networks in the US-American political context, ResIN was able to reliably distinguish Democrat and Republican attitudes, even in highly asymmetrical attitude systems. These results demonstrate the utility of ResIN as a powerful tool for the analysis of complex attitude systems and contribute to the advancement of BNA.
Estimating and modeling spontaneous mobility changes during the COVID-19 pandemic without stay-at-home orders
Authors: Zhao Baining , Wang Xuzhe , Zhang Tianyu , Shi Rongye , Xu Fengli , Man Fanhang , Chen Erbing , Li Yang , Li Yong , Sun Tao , Chen Xinlei
Published: May 2024

Comprehending the complex interplay among urban mobility, human behavior, and the COVID-19 pandemic could deliver vital perspectives to steer forthcoming public health endeavors. In late 2022, China lifted its "Zero-COVID" policy and rapidly abandoned nearly all interventions. It provides a unique opportunity to observe spontaneous mobility changes without government restriction throughout such a pandemic with high infection. Based on 148 million travel data from the public bus, subway, and taxi systems in Shenzhen, China, our analysis reveals discernible spatial discrepancies within mobility patterns. This phenomenon can be ascribed to the heterogeneous responses of mobility behavior tailored to specific purposes and travel modes in reaction to the pandemic. Considering both the physiological effects of virus infection and subjective willingness to travel, a dynamic model is proposed and capable of fitting fine-grained urban mobility. The analysis and model can interpret mobility data and underlying population behavior to inform policymakers when evaluating public health strategies against future large-scale infectious diseases.
Preparation of a membrane-sealed cell for studying catalyst nanoparticles in flowing gas with high vacuum x-ray photoelectron spectrometer
Authors: Tao Franklin , Nguyen Luan , Amati Matteo , Gregoratti Luca
Published: May 2024

Here a sealing-style x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of the surface of a 1.0 wt. %Ni/TiO2 nanoparticle catalyst in a flowing mixture of CO and O2 at 1 bar was performed with a graphene membrane-sealed Si3N4 window-based miniature cell. We report the details on how a commercial Si3N4 window is modified before assembling a graphene membrane, how single-layer graphene membranes are transferred from their metal supports to the modified Si3N4 window, how a modified Si3N4 window covered with a double-layer graphene membrane is assembled onto a blank cell cap, how a nanoparticle catalyst is introduced to the cell cap and then the cell cap is installed onto a cell body to form a complete reaction cell, and how a complete cell is interfaced with a high vacuum chamber of an XPS system before an XPS study of 1.0 wt. %Ni/TiO2 catalyst surface in a flowing mixture for 0.2 bar CO and 0.8 bar O2 is performed. How the characterization of a catalyst using this type of graphene membrane-sealed Si3N4 window-based miniature cell is relevant to the finding of the actual surface chemistry of a catalyst during catalysis is discussed.
Non-intrusive measurements of plasma impedance in an electron-cyclotron resonance thruster
Authors: Ferrand R. , Desangles V. , Elias P. Q.
Published: May 2024

We present a general method allowing for direct measurements of the complex impedance of radio frequency devices that need to be powered by an external power supply unit, making use of a dual-directional coupler and a vector network analyzer. This method is used to measure the impedance of an operating electron-cyclotron resonance thruster, which is then calibrated using a custom triple-short calibration kit to retrieve the impedance of the plasma within the chamber. The measurements, realized without disturbing the thruster operation, show that the plasma impedance ranges between 55 and 90 Ω in resistance and between −30 and 20 Ω in reactance. An equivalent circuit model is finally discussed, aiming at estimating plasma parameters through these impedance measurements.
Microcavity enhancement vs Auger recombination in variable thickness type-II superlattices in resonant cavity mid-infrared light emitting diodes
Authors: Schrock K. N. , Montealegre D. A. , Dai W. , Bellus M. Z. , Nichols L. M. , Prineas J. P.
Published: May 2024

In this study, we investigate the tradespace between the improvement of mid-infrared light-emitting diode efficiency through microcavity enhancement vs reduction of Auger recombination for different W-superlattice thicknesses. Several sample designs are modeled and then grown and fabricated to test the tradespace at different W-superlattice thicknesses down to the quantum well limit. In a half-cavity, with a single reflector from the top metal contact, intermediate thickness W-superlattices gave the highest efficiencies, outperforming those in the W-quantum well limit across the entire measured current range. Experimentally, we report wallplug efficiencies of 0.4% for a room temperature 3.2 μm device. W-superlattices of intermediate thickness were also found to be optimal for a full-cavity device with a bottom distributed Bragg reflector added. The resonant full cavity did strongly improve the peak spectral radiance, with a measured increase of four to five times for a 3.6 μm device, and a value that is >250 times larger than previously reported.
Understanding the cavity Born–Oppenheimer approximation
Authors: Fiechter Marit R. , Richardson Jeremy O.
Published: May 2024

Experiments have demonstrated that vibrational strong coupling between molecular vibrations and light modes can significantly change molecular properties, such as ground-state reactivity. Theoretical studies toward the origin of this exciting observation can roughly be divided into two categories, with studies based on Hamiltonians that simply couple a molecule to a cavity mode via its ground-state dipole moment on the one hand, and on the other hand ab initio calculations that self-consistently include the effect of the cavity mode on the electronic ground state within the cavity Born-Oppenheimer (CBO) approximation; these approaches are not equivalent. The CBO approach is more rigorous, but unfortunately it requires the rewriting of electronic-structure code, and its results may sometimes be hard to physically interpret. In this work, we exploit the relation between the two approaches and demonstrate on a real molecule (hydrogen fluoride) that for realistic coupling strengths, we can recover CBO energies and spectra to high accuracy using only out-of-cavity quantities from standard electronic-structure calculations. In doing so, we discover what thephysical effects underlying the CBO results are. Our methodology can aid in incorporating more possibly important features in models, play a pivotal role in demystifying CBO results, and provide a practical and efficient alternative to full CBO calculations.
Improved semi-theoretical correlation to predict the Sauter mean diameter of swirl cups
Authors: Wang Donghui , Huang Yong , Yuan Weiwei
Published: May 2024

The spray downstream of swirl cups involves complex two-phase flow. Comprehensively, understanding the flow physics of the spray to accurately predict the characteristics of the swirl spray is crucial for developing next-generation low-emission gas turbine combustors. The Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of the spray is an important design parameter in a gas turbine combustor, and the semi-theoretical method is among the most widely used approaches for predicting the SMD of atomizers. Of the available semi-theoretical models for predicting the SMD of prefilming-type atomizers, Shin's phenomenological three-step atomization (PTSA) model is a physics-based correlation. The PTSA model comprises three submodels: those of the pressure-swirl spray, impingement and film formation, and aerodynamic breakup. Based on similar physical mechanisms, the PTSA model can effectively predict the SMD for the spray shear layer of swirl cups. In this study, a new model, called the PTSA-V model, is proposed by introducing the viscosity of the liquid to the three submodels of PTSA. Additionally, the submodel of impingement and film formation was reconstructed, using a simplified model of a round water jet impinging on a cylindrical wall to predict the thickness of the liquid film on the Venturi surface. Experiments were carried out on a swirl cup under different pressures and temperatures of fuel as well as varying pressure drops in the air by using a two-component phase Doppler particle analyzer. The resulting uncertainty in predictions of the PTSA-V model was lower than ±7.4% under the 26 operating conditions considered here, compared with an uncertainty of ±20% in the outcomes of PTSA. Uncertainty in predictions of PTSA-V was lower than ±15% when it was applied to SMD data downstream of the swirl cup from the literature.
Cell detection with convolutional spiking neural network for neuromorphic cytometry
Authors: Zhang Ziyao , Yang Haoxiang , Eshraghian Jason K. , Li Jiayin , Yong Ken-Tye , Vigolo Daniele , McGuire Helen M. , Kavehei Omid
Published: May 2024

Imaging flow cytometry (IFC) is an advanced cell-analytic technology offering rich spatial information and fluorescence intensity for multi-parametric characterization. Manual gating in cytometry data enables the classification of discrete populations from the sample based on extracted features. However, this expert-driven technique can be subjective and laborious, often presenting challenges in reproducibility and being inherently limited to bivariate analysis. Numerous AI-driven cell classifications have recently emerged to automate the process of including multivariate data with enhanced reproducibility and accuracy. Our previous work demonstrated the early development of neuromorphic imaging cytometry, evaluating its feasibility in resolving conventional frame-based imaging systems’ limitations in data redundancy, fluorescence sensitivity, and compromised throughput. Herein, we adopted a convolutional spiking neural network (SNN) combined with the YOLOv3 model (SNN-YOLO) to perform cell classification and detection on label-free samples under neuromorphic vision. Spiking techniques are inherently suitable post-processing techniques for neuromorphic vision sensing. The experiment was conducted with polystyrene-based microparticles, THP-1, and LL/2 cell lines. The network’s performance was compared with that of a traditional YOLOv3 model fed with event-generated frame data to serve as a baseline. In this work, our SNN-YOLO outperformed the YOLOv3 baseline by achieving the highest average class accuracy of 0.974, compared to 0.962 for YOLOv3. Both models reported comparable performances across other key metrics and should be further explored for future auto-gating strategies and cytometry applications.
Microparticle focusing and micromixing with two-dimensional acoustic waves
Authors: Marefati Sanaz , Saadat Milad , Ghassemi Majid
Published: May 2024

Acoustofluidics has recently been popularized as a crucial element of lab-on-a-chip (LoC) platforms to efficiently manipulate microparticles and continuous matter alike. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) numerical model is proposed to simulate the focusing of polystyrene microparticles with three diameters and micromixing of dilute species using two orthogonally oriented standing waves, contrasting them with one-dimensional (1D) waves. The limiting velocity method is modified to explore the 3D acoustic streaming in a symmetric microchannel. In contrast to 1D standing acoustic waves, the simultaneous excitation of two orthogonal waves generates an acoustic streaming velocity field that does not counteract the radiation force. The obtained results show that the focusing efficiency of 5-μm particles reaches 97% with two dimensional (2D) standing acoustic waves, which was unachievable using 1D waves. Moreover, by reducing the flow rate to 1 μL min−1, the focusing of critical microparticle diameter peaked at 94%, indicating an approximately 9% improvement over a flow rate of 2.5 μL min−1. Increasing the viscosity of the background fluid resulted in 16% better 2D focusing with a single vortex compared to other cases, and higher amplitudes did not change focusing efficiency with a single vortex, while reducing efficiency in other cases. Finally, using 2D acoustic waves remarkably improved the mixing efficiency of dilute species, underscoring the advantage of 2D acoustic waves over their 1D counterpart. The proposed numerical model can play a meaningful role in cutting fabrication costs of next-generation LoC devices by identifying the most crucial parameters influencing acoustofluidic matter transport.
Impacts of vacancy complexes on the room-temperature photoluminescence lifetimes of state-of-the-art GaN substrates, epitaxial layers, and Mg-implanted layers
Authors: Chichibu Shigefusa F. , Shima Kohei , Uedono Akira , Ishibashi Shoji , Iguchi Hiroko , Narita Tetsuo , Kataoka Keita , Tanaka Ryo , Takashima Shinya , Ueno Katsunori , Edo Masaharu , Watanabe Hirotaka , Tanaka Atsushi , Honda Yoshio , Suda Jun , Amano Hiroshi , Kachi Tetsu , Nabatame Toshihide , Irokawa Yoshihiro , Koide Yasuo
Published: May 2024

For rooting the development of GaN-based optoelectronic devices, understanding the roles of midgap recombination centers (MGRCs), namely, nonradiative recombination centers and deep-state radiative recombination centers, on the carrier recombination dynamics is an essential task. By using the combination of time-resolved photoluminescence and positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) measurements, the origins of major MGRCs in the state-of-the-art GaN epilayers, bulk crystals, and Mg-implanted layers were identified, and their concentrations were quantified for deriving the capture coefficients of minority carriers. In this article, potential standardization of the room-temperature photoluminescence lifetime for the near-band-edge emission (τPLRT) as the concentration of major MGRCs well below the detection limit of PAS is proposed. For n-GaN substrates and epilayers grown from the vapor phase, τPLRT was limited by the concentration of carbon on N sites or divacancies comprising a Ga vacancy (VGa) and a N vacancy (VN), [VGaVN], when carbon concentration was higher or lower, respectively, than approximately 1016 cm−3. Here, carbon and VGaVN act as major deep-state radiative and nonradiative recombination centers, respectively, while major MGRCs in bulk GaN crystals were identified as VGa(VN)3 vacancy clusters in Na-flux GaN and VGa or VGaVN buried by a hydrogen and/or VGa decorated with oxygen on N sites, VGa(ON)3–4, in ammonothermal GaN. The values of τPLRT in n-GaN samples are compared with those of p-GaN, in which τPLRT was limited by the concentration of VGa(VN)2 in Mg-doped epilayers and by the concentrations of VGaVN and (VGaVN)3 in Mg-implanted GaN right after the implantation and after appropriate activation annealing, respectively.
Sorting of enantiomers using optical chirality in uniform light field
Authors: Yao Jun , Bai Yihua , Liu Yi-Dong , Wang Jian , Yang Yuanjie
Published: May 2024

Enantiomer sorting greatly promotes the advancement of chemistry, bioscience, and medicine while also facing significant challenges. Recently, all-optical solutions have attracted considerable interest due to their non-invasiveness. While, it should be noted that the achiral optical force is always much larger than the chiral gradient force that plays a key role in all-optical enantiomer sorting, hindering the separation of enantiomers. Previously proposed methods to boost the chiral gradient forces by plasmonic and photonic nanostructures are often accompanied by the enhancement of achiral optical forces. The sorted chiral particles are also difficult to be transferred from the complex nanostructures. Here, we propose an approach for separating enantiomers using uniform light field formed by two waves, which is capable of sorting deep sub-wavelength chiral particles. In our method, the chiral particles can be sorted within a simple planar structure while the achiral gradient force is equal to zero. Our research reveals a promising perspective on large-scale sorting for enantiomers.