bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community Structure in Industrial SAT Instances
Authors: Ansótegui Carlos , Bonet Maria Luisa , Giráldez-Cru Jesús , Levy Jordi , Simon Laurent
Published: October 2019

Modern SAT solvers have experienced a remarkable progress on solving industrial instances. It is believed that most of these successful techniques exploit the underlying structure of industrial instances. Recently, there have been some attempts to analyze the structure of industrial SAT instances in terms of complex networks, with the aim of explaining the success of SAT solving techniques, and possibly improving them.

In this paper, we study the community structure, or modularity, of industrial SAT instances. In a graph with clear community structure, or high modularity, we can find a partition of its nodes into communities such that most edges connect variables of the same community. Representing SAT instances as graphs, we show that most application benchmarks are characterized by a high modularity. On the contrary, random SAT instances are closer to the classical Erdös-Rényi random graph model, where no structure can be observed. We also analyze how this structure evolves by the effects of the execution of a CDCL SAT solver, and observe that new clauses learned by the solver during the search contribute to destroy the original structure of the formula. Motivated by this observation, we finally present an application that exploits the community structure to detect relevant learned clauses, and we show that detecting these clauses results in an improvement on the performance of the SAT solver. Empirically, we observe that this improves the performance of several SAT solvers on industrial SAT formulas, especially on satisfiable instances.
Optical properties of 2-aminopyridine potassium dihydrogen phosphate cadmium chloride
Authors: Sivavishnu D , Srineevasan R , Johnson J
Published: October 2019

A good-optical-quality crystal of 2-aminopyridine potassium dihydrogen phosphate cadmium chloride (2APKDPC) was grown through the slow evaporation technique at room temperature. The transparent and defectless bulk crystal of 2APKDPC with dimensions of 23 × 10 × 5 mm3 was grown through the solution growth method in a period of 90–95 d. From the single-crystal X-ray diffraction study, the measured lattice parameter values were a = 7·49 Å, b = 7·49 Å, c = 7·03 Å, α = β = γ = 90° and volume V = 394 Å3, which show that the grown 2APKDPC crystal belonged to the tetragonal crystal system. The crystalline nature of the grown crystal was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction analysis. Fourier transform infrared analysis was carried out to identify metal coordination and the presence of various functional groups in the 2APKDPC crystal. In the recorded optical transmission spectrum, the ultraviolet cutoff wavelength was found to be 237 nm, and the optical energy bandgap value was also found from the absorption studies.
Application of network-level traffic flow model to road maintenance in China
Authors: Yang Chao , Zhang Xinyuan , Remenyte-Prescott Rasa
Published: October 2019

This paper shows how to simulate highway traffic flows using a network-level traffic flow model (NTFM) for both urban and motorway road networks. It highlights how road maintenance works can be modelled using a roadwork node in the network and how the modelling can be used to predict the effects of maintenance works on the level of service of the highway network. In particular, the paper aims to show how the theory of vehicle flow fluctuation can be used within the roadwork node for better representation of reality while modelling the road network flow. The NTFM is illustrated using traffic characteristics and road maintenance works on a motorway and trunk highway network in China. It is shown how the proposed method is useful in comparing worksite arrangements and describing the effects on flow rates due to roadworks.
Combining Alkali and Peroxide for Pretreatment of Sugarcane Wastes, Bagasse and Trash, for Bioethanol Synthesis
Authors: Dodo Charlie Marembo , Mamphweli Samphson , Okoh Omobola
Published: October 2019

The use of agricultural waste material in the production of bioethanol can provide an alternative to fossil fuels that is renewable and readily available. This research sought to use a combination of chemical pretreatments to make available reducing sugars from sugarcane bagasse and trash for fermentation into bioethanol. A combination of alkali and peroxide was used. These results indicate that pretreatment with alkali peroxide is quite effective in reducing the levels of hemicellulose sugars and lignin in particular. The slight changes in cellulose quantities are an indication that alkali peroxide preatreatment conserves the quantities of cellulose and does not result in a loss in cellulose as compared to other pretreatment processes such as acid hydrolysis. The drawback is that this can also mean that the crystalline structure of the cellulose was not disturbed, which could slow down downstream processes of enzyme hydrolysis and subsequent fermentation. The pretreated bagasse contained significantly higher levels cellulose of 48 % and 63 % after pretreatment with 3 % and 5 % alkali peroxide, respectively. This represents a 28 % increase and a 70 % increase, respectively, in available exposed cellulose for use in further processes of enzyme hydrolysis and fermentation. Keywords: Pretreatment, bagasse, renewable energy, alkali peroxide.
Experimental, Statistical Modelling and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Concept of Sapium ellipticum Leaf Extract as Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Acid Environment
Authors: Okafor Chizoba Sandra , Anadebe Valentine Chikaodili , Onukwuli Okechukwu Dominic
Published: October 2019

The inhibitive performance of Sapium ellipticum leaf extract as green corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in varying concentrations in hydrochloric acid has been investigated. To determine the adsorption strength and phenomenon of inhibition, density functional theory was adopted to model the molecular structure of the extract. Also to evaluate the inhibition efficiency weight loss, electrochemical method and statistical modelling was employed. Optimum inhibition efficiency of 89 % was achieved from electrochemical study atconditions of 1.5 g L-1 SE concentration, temperature of 303 K and 1M HCl, respectively. The electrochemical study signifies that the phenomenon of inhibition is under mixed control and the inhibition process is in accordance with Langmuir isotherm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the corrosion particles and surface examination (SEM) confirms the existence of the protective film on the metal surface through the adsorption of extract species. Keywords: Acid corrosion, carbon steel, molecular simulation, statistical modelling, electrochemical study, Sapium ellipticum leaf.
Die verwerwing van kennis oor die komplekse menslike leefwêreld
Authors: van Lill J
Published: October 2019

Aanhangers van die regverdigende standpunt vereis dat kennisaansprake as waar bewys moet word, deur 'n beroep op 'n toepaslike epistemologiese outoriteit, 'n vaste verwysingspunt, te doen. Volgens Cilliers verteenwoordig hierdie standpunt die tradisionele ("moderne") manier om kennis te verwerf. In die huidige tydvak, gekarakteriseer deur 'n komplekse leefwêreld (of dit as "postmodern" beskou word of nie), kom so 'n strategie neer op die ontwyking eerder as die bestudering van kompleksiteit. Cilliers verduidelik dat 'n komplekse, oop sisteem, gekenmerk word deur 'n verweefde netwerk van dinamiese interaksies tussen die menigvuldige heterogene komponente (wat ook subsisteme kan vorm) van die sisteem en ander betrokke sisteme. Uit hierde dinamiese interaksies spruit veranderings en herorganisasie van die struktuur, dikwels deur middel van selforganisasie, om nuwe eienskappe te laat ontluik wat bydra tot die funksionering van die sisteem. Uit navorsing toon Damasio dat die mens in wese 'n geïntegreerde komplekse sisteem verteenwoordig met liggaam, brein, sintuie en verstand wat denke en 'n selfbewussyn ontwikkel om in 'n fisiese en sosiale omgewing 'n sinvolle bestaan te voer. Cilliers argumenteer dat aanvaarding van die kompleksiteit van die leefwêreld, voorveronderstel dat dit onmoontlik is om sodanige wêreld ten volle te begryp. Sodanige aanname beteken egter nie dat géén kennis van die leefwêreld ingewin kan word, of dat die inligting vaag is nie. Deur denke verwerf die mens kennis en voeg sinskeppende waarde toe tot sy/haar alledaagse bestaanswêreld; die mens as geesteswetenskaplike het die bykomende verpligting om wetenskaplike kennis oor die menslike leefwêreld te verwerf.
Inheemse kennis as beskermbare kulturele identiteitsbate: Kanttekeninge by die beoogde beskerming van inheemse kennis in Suid-Afrika
Authors: Raath A , Brits P
Published: October 2019

Die Franse skrywer en strukturalistiese antropoloog Claude Lévi-Strauss (1908-2009) se standpunte oor kulturele identiteit en multikulturalisme word sedert die tweede helfte van die twintigste eeu deur Unesco bevorder. Die belang van kulturele identiteit en die implikasies van die beskerming daarvan is ook reeds deur vooraanstaande filosowe soos Will Kymlicka, Charles Taylor, Martha Nussbaum en Jürgen Habermas ondersoek. Die beklemtoning van kulturele identiteit het in die post-onafhanklikheidsera vir Afrika-state belangrik geword. Die begrip inheemsheid is aangegryp om die oorspronklike houers van en aanspraakmakers op kulturele regte te identifiseer, en om kwesbare, gemarginaliseerde en geviktimiseerde kultuurgroepe op grond van hul inheemse status te beskerm. By gebrek aan ŉ aanvaarbare definisie van inheemsheid het die praktyk ontwikkel om inheemse status uit te brei na alle inwoners van Afrika, met die gevolg dat oorspronklik gemarginaliseerde groepe, soos die San, steeds aan voortgesette marginalisering onderworpe is. Suid-Afrikaanse beleidmakers en die wetgewende gesag het die toekenning van inheemse status, veral op die terrein van die intellektuele goederereg, benut om die regte op inheemse kennis aan inheemse gemeenskappe toe te ken, soortgelyk aan die wyse waarop kulturele identiteit in lande soos Botswana beskerm word. Volgens die 2004-beleidsdokument oor inheemse kennis word die eiendomsreg op inheemse kennis as kulturele erfenisbates aan inheemse gemeenskappe verleen. Gevolglik word individue wat as outeurs, ontwerpers en toepassers van sodanige inheemse kennis gebruikmaak se regte ingekort. In hierdie artikel word die implikasies van die beskerming van inheemse kennis as kulturele erfenisbates ondersoek en die beskerming van sodanige kennis op grond van kulturele identiteit bespreek. Daar word ook op die gevare van kulturele relativisme, wat in die beoogde beskerming opgesluit lê, kommentaar gelewer.
Part 1: Validity and reliability of a Photographic Method for Postural Assessment (P-MPA)
Authors: Hough Petronella Aletta , Nel Mariette
Published: October 2019

INTRODUCTION: Good postural alignment is positively associated with safe, mechanically effective and meaningful engagement in occupations. Health care professionals assess posture in clinical settings by using a variety of methods ranging from simple visual observation, to more complex quantitative assessments of postural alignment, which are costly and mostly done in laboratory environments. The need exists for a cost effective and user-friendly method for the assessment of posture in clinical settings and research studies OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to develop a Photographic Method of Postural Assessment (P-MPA) that quantitatively measures postural alignment, and to determine the validity and reliability of the P-MPA. METHODS: A graph, representing graphic postural alignment, was used consisting of a vertical line that represents the five levels of anatomical landmarks, with a horizontal line crossing the vertical line at each of the five levels. A total of 20 points were randomly plotted on the five horizontal lines. The graph was photographed using a smartphone, and A4 sized photographs were printed. Fifty participants measured and noted the distance deviations between the points on the horizontal lines and the vertical line. The actual deviation from the vertical line was calculated using a ratio of measured to real distance. RESULTS: The distance deviation between measured and actual distances was statistically significant for certain anatomical landmarks as indicated by 95% Confidence Intervals and Limits of Agreement. With respect to the anatomical landmarks and respective points, no clinically significant differences were observed, as a difference of less than 10mm was found. RECOMMENDATIONS: It is recommended that the P-MPA be used, as a user-friendly and cost-effective method, for measuring postural alignment in clinical settings, and, that it be further developed and investigated as measurement tool for both single and multiple-joint research studies during activity performance. Key words: Posture assessment, validity, reliability
A computational approach for modeling the indexical field / Uma abordagem computacional para a modelagem de campos indexicais
Authors: Oushiro Livia
Published: October 2019

Abstract: This study investigates how multiple social meanings come to be associated with a linguistic variable. The analyses of listeners’ perceptions of tap and retroflex realizations of coda /r/ in São Paulo Portuguese (as in jornal ‘newspaper’ and bazar ‘bazar’), through an experiment based on the matched-guise technique (LAMBERT et al., 1960; CAMPBELL-KIBLER, 2006, 2009) applied to 185 participants, show that coda /r/ in São Paulo is strongly associated to geographical identities, from which further inferences arise on speakers’ social status regarding their social class, area of residence, level of education, along with personal traits such as being “articulate” and “hardworking.” Interactions between variable /r/ and participants’ social profiles are explored, as well as the fact that certain plausible correlations do not arise, particularly in comparison to previous perception studies. In problematizing the nature of the ideological inter-relations among multiple factual and potential social meanings, an objective and falsifiable computational method for modeling indexical fields is proposed, based on Minimum Spanning Trees (GOWER; ROSS, 1969).Keywords: indexical fields; social meanings of variation; coda /r/; São Paulo Portuguese; matched-guise technique; computational models of language variation.Resumo: Este trabalho investiga de que modo múltiplos significados sociais vêm a se associar a uma variável sociolinguística. As análises de percepções de ouvintes sobre as realizações de /r/ em coda como tepe ou retroflexo no português paulistano (como em jornal e bazar), por meio de um experimento com base na técnica de estímulos pareados (LAMBERT et al., 1960; CAMPBELL-KIBLER, 2006, 2009) aplicado a 185 participantes, mostram que a variável /r/ se associa fortemente a identidades geográficas, a partir das quais surgem inferências sobre o status social dos falantes com relação a sua classe social, região de residência, nível educacional, juntamente a traços pessoais como ser uma pessoa “articulada” ou “trabalhadora”. Exploram-se as interações entre a variável /r/ e os perfis sociais dos participantes, assim como o fato de que certas correlações não se manifestam, particularmente em comparação com outros estudos prévios. Ao problematizar a natureza das inter-relações ideológicas entre múltiplos significados factuais e potenciais, propõe-se um método computacional objetivo e falseável para a modelagem de campos indexicais, com base em Árvores de Distâncias Mínimas (GOWER; ROSS, 1969).Palavras-chave: campos indexicais; significados sociais da variação; /r/ em coda; português paulistano; técnica de estímulos pareados; modelos computacionais da variação linguística.
New Ways of Analyzing Sociolinguistic Perception / Novos caminhos para a análise da percepção sociolinguística
Authors: Mendes Ronald Beline
Published: October 2019

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Mathematical methods in the breeding evaluation of small horned ruminants
Authors: Katkov K. A. , Skorykh L. N. , Pashtetsky V. S. , Ostapchuk P. S. , Kuevda T. A.
Published: October 2019

Aim. Traditionally, prediction of breeding values of male small horned ruminants   (rams) by referring to levels of economically useful traits of their progeny is carried  out by methods of statistical analysis. However, at the same time, there is a forecasting method based on the use of a mixed biometric model. The solution of the system  of equations constituting a mixed biometric model is associated with certain difficulties caused by the peculiarity of the system matrix. It is proposed to use integrated  mathematical packages in the forecast, by which the system of equations can be  solved in several ways, followed by analysis of the results. The prediction of progeny  values is carried out by statistical methods using three statistical tests, as well as with  the use of a mixed biometric model. It is of interest to compare estimates obtained  by using statistical methods with estimates using a mixed biometric model. 

Material and Methods. The initial data set was the live weight of Qigai rams, the  progeny of a group of sixteen rams belonging to eight genetic groups.   Results. It was found that the forecast of breeding values of each animal using a  mixed biometric model substantially clarifies the rank of each animal in the group  being evaluated.   

Conclusion. The refinement of the estimation of breeding value is related to the  effects of the genetic groups to which the animals belong in the mixed model, as well  as the degree of relationship between them. Also the mixed model also allows one to  isolate environmental effects from the overall assessment. Solving the system of  equations in several ways will improve the reliability of the forecast.
Monitoring and assessment of well quality of water infiltration intakes in water reservoirs in the south‐east of Belarus
Authors: Makarov D. V. , Kantor E. A. , Krasulina N. A. , Berezhnova Z. Z. , Savicheva Yu. S.
Published: October 2019

Aim. Comparison of water quality according to 19 indicators: odour at 20°C, odour  at 60°C, taste, colour, turbidity, total iron, permanganate oxidation, dry residue,  total hardness, oil products, surfactants, phenolic index, nitrates (NO3‐), chlorides  (Сl‐), fluorides (F‐), sulphates (SO42‐), zinc (Zn2+), copper (Сu, total), pH value of two  infiltration water intakes in the south‐eastern region of the Republic of Belarus.  Identification and analysis of linear trends, and determination of trends in the dynamics of indicator values. 

Material and Methods. As initial data we used the results of quarterly measurements of the values of borehole water indicators of the infiltration water intakes.   

Results. By comparing the relative concentrations of the mean annual values of the  studied quality indicators for two water intakes, it was revealed that the priority  indicators are odour at 20°C, odour at 60°C, taste, chromaticity, turbidity, and iron.  By comparing the relative concentrations of total iron, it was found that the concentration in the wells of WI 1 is much higher than in the wells of WI 2, probably  due to the presence of rocks and minerals from moraine and fluvioglacial complexes of glacial deposits. For other indicators the values were approximately on the  same level. 

Conclusion. By constructing matrices of pair correlation and geographic proximity  for each of the priority indicators, well groups were identified whose water quality  is interrelated and which were subsequently aggregated as a single group.
LINGUOCULTURAL PECULIARITIES OF ABBREVIATIONS IN THE POLITICAL DISCOURSE
Authors: A. Gimadeeva Alfiya , B. Garifullina Dilyara , Yu. Giniyatullina Alsu , G. Khismatullina Lyutsiya
Published: October 2019

The purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to define the linguocultural peculiarities of the abbreviations in the political discourse.Materials and methods: The leading approach to the study of this problem is scientific. In the article such general scientific research methods as a descriptive-analytical method; method of continuous sampling and contextual analysis were used.Results of the research: there is relevance to the detailed investigation of the active language processes in modern English electronic media. Abbreviations are the language tools that help create a picture of the day. The newspaper is the first source where new abbreviations are fixed. In the English speaking electronic newspapers in political discourse generally accepted abbreviations are used. In political articles the use of abbreviations is in outline. The materials of the article can be useful for students, Masters, and postgraduates in English study. Data on the "language picture of the world" of the analyzed linguistic and cultural community can be applied in the methodology and teaching practice of foreign languages.

Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students.

Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Linguocultural Peculiarities of Abbreviations in Political Discourse is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
'Because they believed': Students' ideas of historical empathy in Greek Cypriot primary education
Authors: Perikleous Lukas
Published: October 2019

What happened in the past is often the result of human behaviour (individual or collective) that was guided by certain ideas, beliefs and intentions, and influenced by the historical context in which it happened. It can be argued that understanding past behaviour is essential for historical
understanding, and therefore students' ideas about making sense of people in the past are important for history education. This article reports on aspects of a broader qualitative study of students' and teachers' ideas of historical empathy. More specifically, the study explores participants'
reasoning in terms of the ideas they use to explain the behaviour of groups of people in the past and the present. The sample was drawn from two urban primary schools in Nicosia, Cyprus; 68 students, aged between 8 and 12, and five history teachers in the sample classes participated in it.
Pen-and-paper tasks, semi-structured interviews and classroom observations were used as data generation instruments. This article focuses on some of the findings of the analysis of students' responses to pen-and-paper tasks, which asked them to explain religious practices for the treatment
of diseases used by two different groups in the past. These findings suggest the existence of ideas of historical empathy identified by previous studies. In this sense, they contribute to the existing evidence of the presence of these ideas in a variety of educational and cultural contexts.
Who changes the course of history? Historical agency in the narratives of Spanish pre-service primary teachers
Authors: Egea-Vivancos Alejandro , Arias-Ferrer Laura
Published: October 2019

Brief narratives created by pre-service teachers on a primary education degree course at the University of Murcia (Spain) were analysed to identify the ways in which they presented historical agents in European and Spanish history. The main units of analysis were categorized by the
type of agent introduced in each narrative (individual, collective and institutional), then by identifying agents as either active or passive, and finally by describing the characteristics of their actions in terms of reasons and causes/consequences. The results reveal an emphasis on individual
agents and the persistence of a superficial historical master narrative that perpetuates a distorted image of history.
PENGEMBANGAN BUKU TEKS MITIGASI BENCANA PADA MATERI ERUPSI GUNUNG API DI SDN PENATARAN 01 KABUPATEN BLITAR
Authors: Meviana Ika , Susanti Nelya Eka
Published: October 2019

In science subjects at the elementary school level, the concept of geologi’s disaster can be introduced, such as disaster mitigation, namely volcanic eruption disaster. The purpose of this study was to determine the contents feasibility and the book presentation of disaster mitigation education material. In addition, the purpose of developing textbooks was to determine students' understanding of volcanic eruption disaster mitigation materials. This research was designed with a modified 4-D development design. The 4-D development design stages are Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. In this study the 4-D design was modified into three steps, namely: Define, Design, Develop. Based on the results of research and discussion, the feasibility of the contents and presentation of the book with Disaster Mitigation education material for grade 5 students after going through a series of processes including the validation from material experts, product presentation, language, graphics, limited trials, and field trials, the product is categorized of having very good quality. The level on students understanding of disaster mitigation education material of grade 5 books as a developed product is seen based on students cognitive and affective aspects. Based on the result of the student work on the post test sheet, the average value obtained by the students is 82,25, it incates that students learning process about the mitigation of volcanic eruption disaster have been completed. The dominant scientific attitude of students are curiosity, gaining new information, and cooperation. These scientific atitudes are reflected  in the activities of students who are interested in repeating the experiments and their harmonious work shown by the fact that they can work well together with friend within their group.

Keywords: development; textbooks; disaster mitigation; volcanoes
La curva de Engel de los hogares en Medellín, Colombia 2012-2015
Authors: Barrientos-Marin Jorge , Arango-Sánchez Efraín
Published: October 2019

Este artículo analiza y caracteriza el comportamiento del gasto y los patrones de consumo de los hogares de Medellín. El análisis se basa en la curva de Engel para hogares, la cual relaciona el gasto total con el gasto específico en ciertos bienes. Se recurrió a una metodología empírica basada en tres modelos: modelos semiparamétricos, para capturar no-linealidades, modelos de variables instrumentales y modelos Tobit. Se concluye que los bienes en alimentación, bebida y tabaco y vestido y calzado, responden a la ley de Engel, y dependiendo del segmento de gasto en el cual se ubiquen las familias, para algunas será un bien normal o inferior o de lujo.
El aumento del crimen y la disminución de la participación laboral en el ingreso en México
Authors: Velázquez Orihuela Daniel , Lozano Cortes Rene Leticia
Published: October 2019

El crecimiento del crimen y la reducción del ingreso salarial como parte del ingreso nacional son dos fenómenos que han caracterizado a la economía mexicana desde finales de la década de los setenta hasta la actualidad. Sin embargo, usualmente, en la literatura económica se estudian las causas que originan estos fenómenos de forma separada. En contraste, en este artículo se propone un modelo de salarios de eficiencia en un contexto de equilibrio restringido por demanda, encontrando que ambos fenómenos tienen una causa común: la disminución en las oportunidades de los trabajadores de insertarse y permanecer empleados en el mercado laboral.
Acuerdos comerciales profundos y cadenas globales de valor: el caso de Chile, Colombia y Brasil
Authors: Zelicovich Julieta
Published: October 2019

El trabajo analiza la influencia de la participación de un país dentro de las cadenas globales de valor en la adopción de acuerdos comerciales profundos. Para ello se combina el análisis estadístico con el estudio de caso para tres países latinoamericanos: Chile, Colombia y Brasil. Se sostiene que una participación elevada en los encadenamientos productivos globales puede resultar suficiente para explicar la firma de tales acuerdos, pero que no constituye un elemento necesario para la misma. Por el contrario, las variables político-ideológicas, como las orientaciones del modelo de desarrollo o la estrategia de inserción internacional, han sido tan o más importantes que la participación en las cadenas globales de valor para explicar el tipo de compromisos en materia de integración regional.
Estructura demográfica y desempeño financiero municipal en el departamento de Boyacá, Colombia
Authors: Fajardo-Pineda Luis Felipe
Published: October 2019

En este escrito se analiza la correlación entre la estructura demográfica de los municipios del departamento de Boyacá, Colombia, y su desenvolvimiento financiero para el año 2015. Se busca determinar teórica y empíricamente si existe relación de correspondencia entre la reducida población observada en las entidades municipales del departamento y el desempeño financiero de las alcaldías, mediante un estudio cuantitativo de correlación lineal entre las dos variables citadas, a partir de datos institucionales y apoyando los resultados con los postulados teóricos de relevancia. Se concluye que hay una fuerte relación entre el tamaño poblacional y el desenvolvimiento fiscal de las entidades del departamento, donde la primera variable genera una tendencia negativa en los indicadores financieros municipales, lo que implica grandes retos institucionales para las entidades.
The effect of hyaluronic acid on the skin healing in rats
Authors: Medeiros Soares Celani Livia , Soares Lopes Isadora , Cunha Medeiros Aldo
Published: October 2019

Purpose: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of topical hyaluronic acid (HA) treatment on wound healing in rats. Methods: Wistar rats were randomly selected and allocated into 2 groups, with six rats each, all of them submitted to skin lesions (open wound with 5mm diameter). Group 1 – rats treated with topical 0,9% saline application in skin wounds. Group 2 – rats treated with topical hyaluronic acid 0,4% on skin wounds once a day for 7 days. After anesthesia on the 7th postoperative day, a biopsy of the skin dorsal wound area was performed for histopathological examination. A classification system based on the degree of reepithelization, granulation tissue formation and collagen organization were used to relate the morphological differences in wound healing. Results: Rats from control group treated with saline solution, on day 7, presented a general impairment of healing process, marked by an incomplete reepithelization (score 2,67 ± 0,4), a persistent exudation, fibrin, reduced accumulation of granulation tissue (score 2,2 ± 0,5) and a slight collagen deposition (score 2,43 ± 0,5), compared with the HA group. On the other side, morphological differences were visible on the evolution of wound repair process in rats treated with HA with a significant reduction in fibrinous exudation, epidermal lining reconstitution by complete reepithelization (score 3,8 ± 0,6), an increased accumulation of granulation tissue at wound edge and bed (score 3,7 ± 1,1), moderate collagen deposition (3,8 ± 0,7). The respective differences between the groups were significant (p<0,05). Conclusions: Based on these findings, we may conclude that HA treatment contributes to improve healing of open wounds.
IDENTIFICATION AND PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES IN BEEF CATTLE IN SIAK SRI INDRAPURA, RIAU, INDONESIA
Authors: Suwanti Lucia Tri
Published: October 2019

Gastrointestinal (GI) parasites infection are one of the major constraints cattle farm in tropical countries including Indonesia and some of GI parasites in cattle have the potential to transmit to humans. This study was aimed to identify and determine the level of prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in beef cattle in Siak Sri Indrapura District, Riau Province, Indonesia. This research was conducted on 100 beef cattle consisted of, respectively, 32, 34 and 34 cattles from Bungaraya, Sabak Auh, and Dayun sub-district. The characteristic of sample such as age and sex cattle, cage management, feed and drinking water were recorded. Native, sedimentation and sucrose flotation methods were used to find protozoa and eggs worm. We assessed GI parasites based on finding eggs worm, protozoan cyst and coccidial oocysts in stool samples and identification of GI parasite was based on the morphology and size of the eggs worm and cysts or oocysts of protozoan. The result showed that all of 100 feces samples that examined 100% positive infection for parasites. There were eleven types of gastrointestinal parasites that have been identified, 6 genera of protozoan and 5 genera of worms. The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in beef cattles in Siak Sri Indrapura District were Blastocystis sp. (100%), Entamoeba sp. (90%), Eimeria sp. (53%), Giardia sp. (7%), Balantidium coli (4%), Cryptosporidium sp. (2%) Oesophagustomum sp. (45%), Toxocara vitulorum (20%), Moniezia expansa (9%), Trichuris sp. (5%), and Fasciola sp. (4%). In conclusion, Siak Sri Indrapura Riau is an endemic GI parasite and this can threaten the health of livestock and potentially as a zoonotic transmission.
Índices fisiológicos de plântulas de milho (Zea mays L.) sob ação de bioestimulantes
Authors: Dos Santos Valdere Martins , De Melo Aurélio Vaz , Siebeneichler Susana Cristine , Cardoso Dione Pereira , Benício Luiz Paulo Figueredo , Varanda Marco Antônio Ferreira
Published: October 2019

O presente estudo teve por finalidade avaliar o efeito de bioestimulantes no crescimento de plântulas de milho (Zea mays L.)através de parâmetros fisiológicos que compõem a análise de crescimento. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação na Universidade Federal do Tocantins.O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições de 1 plantas cada. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por três bioestimulantes (BioradicanteTM, EcormonTM e Vitalem ForteTM) utilizados de forma isolada e em diferentes combinações, avaliados em cinco épocas de coleta (9, 18, 27, 36 e 45 dias após a emergência). Os parâmetros estudados foram: área foliar específica,taxa de assimilação líquida, taxa de crescimento relativo e taxa de crescimento absoluto. Dentre os resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que a utilização de produtos bioestimulantes propiciam o desenvolvimento e crescimento das plântulas de milho, tanto aplicados via sementes quanto via foliar
Nisin in the biopreservation of Bordô (Ives) and Niágara table wines from Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: Neres Daiana Jaqueline Gatti , Bordignon Junior Sidnei Emilio , Baratto César Milton
Published: October 2019

The searches for new antimicrobial compounds to control the lactic acid bacteria in winemaking are based in the increasing global concern about the chemical preservatives restrictions and the development of super-resistant strains continuously exposed to sulfites in wineries for decades. The antimicrobial activity of the nisin as a biopreservative was studied for Bordô (Ives) and Niágara grape wines from Santa Catarina, Brazil. Measurements of antimicrobial activity were made by well-diffusion assays. From the eleven previously assessed strains of nisinsusceptible lactic bacteria (nisin concentration 1000 IU ml-1), four were selected for definitive assays with nisin (100 IU ml-1) dissolved in the wines. Positive results for inhibition were obtained for the four strains selected. Next, the direct inhibitory action was assessed in wines artificially inoculated and then treated with nisin. After 60 days of storage, there was reduction in the total bacterial population as compared to control, especially in Bordô (Ives) wine, while the physic-chemical parameters were not influenced by the nisin treatment. The inhibitory activity of nisin was not affected when it was dissolved in wine in the antimicrobial assays, and its potential utilization as biopreservative should be able to aid on the control of autochthonous microbiota, but further studies are required to conclude more precisely the nisin effects at long term in wines.
Determination of Size Distribution of Precipitation Aggregates Using Non-Invasive Microscopy and Semiautomated Image Processing and Analysis
Authors: Quilaqueo Michelle , Gim-Krumm Minghai , Ruby-Figueroa René , Troncoso Elizabeth , Estay Humberto
Published: October 2019

Precipitation processes are technologies commonly used in hydrometallurgical plants to recover metals or to treat wastewaters. Moreover, solid-liquid separation technologies, such as thickening or filtering, are relevant unit operations, included in the precipitation technologies. These methods are strongly dependent on the characteristics of the solid precipitates formed during the specific precipitation reaction. One of these characteristics is the particle size distribution (PSD) of the solid precipitates which are fed into a solid-liquid separation process. Therefore, PSD determination is a typical practice for the characterization of the slurries generated in a precipitation plant. Furthermore, the precipitates generated in these processes have a colloidal or aggregation behavior, depending on the operational conditions. Nevertheless, the conventional methods used to estimate PSD (e.g., laser diffraction and/or ciclosizer) have not been designed to measure particles that tend to aggregate or disaggregate, since they include external forces (e.g., centrifugal, agitation, pumping and sonication). These forces affect the true size of the aggregates formed in a unit operation, thereby losing representativity in terms of aggregates particle size. This study presents an alternative method of measuring the size distribution of particles with aggregation behavior, particularly, by using non-invasive microscopy and image processing and analysis. The samples used have been obtained from an experimental precipitation process by applying sulfidization to treat the cyanide-copper complexes contained in a cyanidation solution. This method has been validated with statistical tools and compared with a conventional analysis based on laser diffraction. Our results show significant differences between the methods analyzed, demonstrating that image processing and analysis by microscopy is an excellent and non-invasive alternative to obtaining size distribution of aggregates in precipitation processes.
Method of Food Preparation Influences Blood Glucose Response to a High-carbohydrate Meal
Authors: Hodges Caroline , Archer Fay , Chowdhury Mardiyyah , Evans Bethany L. , Ghelani Disha J. , Mortoglou Maria , Guppy Fergus M.
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study was to establish the blood glucose response to different cooking methods of pasta. Participants consumed three identical meals in a random order that were freshly cooked (hot), cooled and reheated. Blood glucose concentrations were assessed before, and every 15 minutes after ingestion of each meal for 120 minutes. There was a significant interaction between temperature and time (F(8.46-372.34) = 2.75, p = 0.005), with the reheated (90 minutes) condition returning to baseline faster than both cold (120 minutes) and hot conditions. Blood glucose AUC was significantly lower in the reheated (703 ± 56 mmol L-1 min-1) compared with the hot condition (735 ± 77 mmol L-1 min-1, t(92) = -3.36, pbonferroni = 0.003), with no significant difference with the cold condition (722 ± 62 mmol L-1 min-1). To our knowledge, the current study is the first to show that reheating pasta causes changes in post-prandial glucose response, with a quicker return to fasting levels in both the reheated and cooled conditions compared with the hot condition. The mechanisms behind the changes in post-prandial blood glucose seen in this study are most likely related to changes in starch structure and how these changes influence glycaemic response.
Impact of Nitrogen Addition on Spring Wheat Physiological and Agronomic Traits Under Contrasting Environmental Conditions
Authors: Qadeer Umara , Ahmed Mukhtar , Hassan Fayyaz , Akmal Muhammad , Aslam Muhammad Aqeel , Raza Muhammad Ali , Ahmad Shakeel , Shah Ghulam Abbas , Iqbal Nasir , Hayat Rifat
Published: October 2019

Optimizing the nitrogen (N) timings and rate can improve nutrient uptake, and nutrient-efficiencies, especially of N in wheat under the changing climate scenario. Climatic stress in the form of high temperature and drought resulted in the decreased crop physiology and, ultimately, grain yield. Taking the example of rainfed wheat, we quantified the impact of N application rates as full and split-dose at three variable sites of rainfed Pothwar, Pakistan by conducting field experiments for two years (2013-14 and 201-15). Treatments include, T1 = Control (No fertilizer applied), full dose of N applied at the time of crop sowing, i.e. T2 = 50 kg N ha-1, T3 = 100 kg N ha-1 and T4 = 150 kg N ha-1 and split application of N at different timings during different stages of the crop called as split application of N, i.e. T5: Application of 50 kg N ha-1 (15 kg N ha-1 (Sowing) : 20 kg N ha-1 (Tillering) :15 kg N ha-1 (Anthesis), T6: Application of 100 kg N ha-1 (30 kg N ha-1 (Sowing): 40 kg N ha-1 (Tillering) : 30 kg N ha-1 (Anthesis) and T7: Application of 150 kg N ha-1(45 kg N ha-1 (Sowing) : 60 kg N ha-1 (Tillering) : 45 kg N ha-1 (Anthesis). Three study sites include viz. Islamabad (High rainfall with optimum temperature), University Research Farm (URF)-Koont (Medium rainfall with moderate temperature), and Talagang (low rainfall with high temperature). Results showed that the highest stomatal conductance (0.80 mole m-2 sec-1), net photosynthetic rate (20.07 μmole m-2s-1), transpiration rate (9.58 mmole m-2s-1), intercellular CO2 concentration (329.25 μmole CO2 mol-1 air), SPAD values (58.86 %) and proline contents (35.42 μg g-1) were obtained for split application of N (T6 = Split N100) compared to control and full dose of N treatments. Among sites, these physiological traits remained highest at Islamabad and lowest at Talagang, while among years, maximum values of the measured parameters were obtained in 2013-14. A similar trend was observed for crop total N, N efficiencies, and agronomic traits of the crop. Our results suggest that optimum N application rate and its suitable timings can help to harvest real benefits of N as in our findings, split dose resulted in the maximum performance of the crop from physiological parameters to the agronomic traits of the rainfed wheat crop.
Effect of Competition from Native on Alien Species in a Multitrophic Setting
Authors: Malecore Eva Maria , van Kleunen Mark
Published: October 2019

1. Darwin’s naturalization hypothesis predicts that alien species closely related to native species are less likely to naturalize because of strong competition due to niche overlap. Closely related species are likely to attract similar herbivores and to release similar plant volatiles following herbivore attack, thus could attract the same predators. However, the importance of phylogenetic relatedness on the interaction between alien and native plants has never been tested in a multitrophic context. 2. In a mesocosm experiment we grew six alien target plant species alone and in competition with nine native plant species of varying phylogenetic relatedness. To test the effects of multitrophic interactions on the performance of alien target species, we used enclosure cages to expose plants to the presence and absence of herbivorous arthropods, predatory arthropods and nematodes. 3. Surprisingly, biomass and number of flowering structures increased with presence of competitors for some of the alien species, but overall there was no consistent competition effect. Similarly, we found that none of the multitrophic-interaction treatments affected survival, biomass or number of flowering structures of the alien species. 4. We conclude there was no significant relationship between performance measures of the alien species and their phylogenetic relatedness to the native competitors.
The Effect of Organizational Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Toward Service Quality at Universitas Kristen Indonesia
Authors: Siregar Edison , Luddin Muchlis R. , Suyatno Thomas
Published: October 2019

The objective of this research is to find out the effect organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior towards service quality at Universitas Kristen Indonesia. The research method used was a quantitative method wiht using path analysed design.  In collecting the data, 71 employees were chosen from 243 employees randomly to be the sample of this research. The data of the this research were obtained by distrubuting questiinnaires and analyzed them using path analysis. The result shows that there exists a positive direct effect of (1) organizational commitment towards service quality, (2) organizational citizenship behavior towards service quality, and (3) organizational commitment towards organizational citizenship behavior. Therefore, as the conclussion to this research, to improve the service quality of the employee at Universitas Kristen Indonesia, the organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior should be improved.
The Effects of Process-Genre Approach on Academic Writing
Authors: Alabere Rabiat Ajoke , Shapii Aspalila
Published: October 2019

This study intends to find out the effectiveness of Process-genre Approach (PGA) on academic writing in English as a second language Students' essay writing. The purpose of this paper is to determine how far this current global approach can be of benefit for the development of academic writing skills of the university students who are learning English as a second or foreign language. The participants were subjected to pre-test and post-test before and after intervention respectively. The experimental group was taught with the Process-genre approach while the control group was taught with the product (traditional) approach. The two groups went through 6 weeks of training with the differ- ent approach. The participants are university undergraduate students. The groups had 40 students for each. The data was analyzed by using analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) to compare the scores of the experimental group with that of the control group. The findings of the study show that, the experimental group outperformed the control group proving that PGA is effective in teaching academic writing in tertiary institutions. The participants are homogeneous at the beginning of the intervention with no significant difference in the pre-test scores of the two groups while there is significant difference in the post test of the two groups. The PGA group scored higher than the PA group proving that there is an impressive performance of the students in academic essay writing of the PGA group of students. Therefore, PGA is an effective approach to teaching academic writing if properly applied.