bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CEO Type and Firm Performance: Evidence from Nasdaq Baltic
Authors: Voveris Donatas
Published: April 2024

Despite the well-established characteristics of shareholder-CEOs and professional-CEOs, previous research has yielded inconclusive findings on the actual impact of the separation of shareholding and management on firm financial performance. This study aimed to address this gap by going off the beaten path of research centered on the U.S.-listed firms and investigating 55 firms listed on the Nasdaq Baltic market in the post-Soviet countries of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania from 2017 to 2021. While professional-CEO-led firms displayed higher Tobin’s Q (M = 1.37) compared to shareholder-CEO-led firms (M = 1.17), and shareholder-CEO-led firms had a higher average ROE (M = 7.76%) compared to professional-CEO-led firms (M = -1.74%), independent samples t-test analysis revealed that these differences in either stock market performance (p = .250 > .05) or shareholder return (p = .193 > .05) were statistically insignificant. These findings challenge organizational life cycle theory and agency theory predictions, aligning instead with stewardship theory and upper echelons theory, suggesting that CEO characteristics, motivation, and actions, while clearly distinct for shareholder-CEOs and professional-CEOs, are not the sole determinant of financial performance in mature firms. Accordingly, shareholder-CEOs, other stockholders, and boards of directors should draw support from these findings in their considerations regarding firm leadership.
Bilateral anterior capsular phimosis in an 85-year-old female patient after stand-alone cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation
Authors: Bui Trung Thanh , Garcia Ericka J , Kim Jennifer L
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Anterior capsular phimosis is a rare complication after cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation. Patient and clinical findings: An 85-year-old female underwent manual phacoemulsification with toric intraocular lens implantation in the right eye (OD) without any post-operative complications. Approximately 1.5 weeks later, she had the same procedure in the left eye (OS) with similar success. At post-operative week 6 OD and week 4 OS, distance visual acuity without correction was 20/400 OD and hand motion (HM) OS. Anterior segment examination revealed intraocular lens implants with a significant fibrotic anterior capsule in both eyes. Posterior segment examination showed pigmentary macular changes in both eyes that were unchanged from the pre-operative evaluation. Diagnosis, intervention, and outcomes: The patient was diagnosed with bilateral anterior capsular phimosis. She underwent Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy in the left eye, then in the right eye 1 week later. At Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy post-operative day 4 OD and week 2 OS, distance visual acuity without correction was 20/40 OD, OS with best corrected visual acuity 20/30 OD, OS. Conclusions: Anterior capsular phimosis can occur in both eyes sooner than 4 weeks after cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation in a patient with no risk factors.
Early childhood teachers' perceptions of climate change education and practice and effort in early childhood education institution
Authors:   Research Institute for Early Childhood Education - Korea National University of Education, Lee Se-Hwa , Kim Eun-Hye
Published: April 2024

Early childhood teacheThe purpose of this study is to examine early childhood teachers' perceptions of climate change education and their practices and efforts in early childhood education institutions. To this end, in-depth interviews were held individually or collectively with six early childhood teachers.
The interview was recorded and transcribed, and analyzed through a qualitative research analysis process. The results of the study are as follows. First, early childhood teachers felt that the climate crisis was approaching our lives through various channels and recognized that climate change education was a necessary education for the next generation, but thought that climate change education was somewhat ambiguous and vague. Second, early childhood teachers were providing climate change education so that basic habits could be formed in their daily lives at early childhood education institutions, communicating with nature in nature, and practicing climate change education in connection with families and communities. Third, it was raised that early childhood teachers are having difficulties due to differences in perception between parents and institutional heads and need various social, physical, and administrative support and efforts to support them. These results can be useful as basic data for implementing climate change education and improving the expertise of early childhood teachers in early childhood education sites.rs' perceptions of climate change education and practice and effort in early childhood education institution
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СПРИЙНЯТТЯ ПРАКТИЧНИМИ ПСИХОЛОГАМИ ЖИТТЄВИХ СИТУАЦІЙ ЯК СКЛАДНИХ
Authors: Мирошниченко С. О.
Published: April 2024

У статті проаналізовано поняття складних та важких життєвих ситуацій, реакції особистості в контексті поведінкової активності. Порівняно теоретичну інформацію з практичними дослідженнями в галузі впливу напруженості на когнітивну та поведінкову сферу особистості. Прослідковано взаємозв’язок складних життєвих ситуацій із професійним мисленням, вольовою активністю та саморегуляцією. Поняття складної життєвої ситуації розглянуто з точки зору вирішення завдань пізнавальної активності як умови прояву стресостійкості. Описано варіанти подолання складних ситуацій з точки зору зміни комфортного стилю поведінки. Спираючись на проаналізовану літературу, висунуто поняття складної життєвої ситуації та наведено приклади використання методів експертної оцінки та Хи-квадрата для дослідження складних життєвих ситуацій.
ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ПРЕДСТАВНИКІВ ГРУПИ ПРОФЕСІЙ «ЛЮДИНА ‒ ТЕХНІКА» ЯК ФАКТОР ЗАДОВОЛЕНОСТІ РОБОТОЮ ТА ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ
Authors: Моцна С.В. , Байєр О.О.
Published: April 2024

Проаналізовано, теоретично обґрунтовано та емпірично перевірено зв’язок індивідуально-психологічних характеристик представників групи професій «людина-техніка» та їх ефективністю і задоволеністю роботою на прикладі слюсарів з ремонту та експлуатації газового устаткування. На вибірці, що складалась із сорока слюсарів-ремонтників газового устаткування та чотирьох їх безпосередніх керівників була емпірично встановлена наявність зв'язку між оцінкою ефективності праці й задоволеністю роботою та високим рівнем технічних здібностей, логіко-математичним, візуально-просторовим інтелектом та толерантністю до невизначеності.
Вплив модифікування шпону на властивості фанери, склеєної термопластичною плівкою ПЕНГ
Authors: Bekhta Pavlo , Kusniak Iryna , Chernetskyi Orest , Bekhta Nataliya , Kozak Ruslan , Bryn Olesya , Kopanskуy Mykola
Published: April 2024

Фанера, склеєна з використанням як клею термопластичних плівок, є перспективним матеріалом у меблевому виробництві. Проте такий вид деревинного композиту володіє нижчою водостійкістю порівняно з композитами на основі термореактивних клеїв. Крім того, для термопластичних полімерів властива низька адгезія до деревини. У цій роботі, для покращення адгезії термопластичного полімеру до деревини, запропоновано модифікувати лущений березовий шпон лимонною кислотою концентрацією 5, 15 та 25%. Витрата розчину кислоти становила – 50, 100 та 150 г/м2. Як клей використовували термопластичну плівку поліетилену низької густини (ПЕНГ) товщиною 100 мкм. Для порівняння отриманих результатів виготовляли фанеру з немодифікованого шпону, склеєну плівкою ПЕНГ та карбамідоформальдегідним клеєм марки КФ-МТ.
Результати дослідження показали, що модифікування шпону лимонною кислотою позитивно впливає на властивості фанери. Встановлено, що показники водопоглинання і набрякання за товщиною фанери – зменшуються (покращуються), а міцність на зріз та згин – збільшуються. Зокрема виявлено, що фанера зі шпону, модифікованого 15%-ним розчином лимонної кислоти, володіє найнижчою адсорбцією води (38,5-39,24%). Максимальна міцність фанери на зріз становила 2,11 МПа. Концентрація розчину лимонної кислоти суттєво впливає на властивості фанери, тоді як витрата речовини – не впливає.
Модифікування шпону лимонною кислотою у виробництві фанери, склеєної плівкою ПЕНГ, має значний потенціал внаслідок її екологічності, доступності, вартості та здатності покращувати властивості фанери, що є важливим аспектом для збереження високих експлуатаційних характеристик продукції.
A IMPRENSA EM SOLO AMAZÔNICO: MOMENTOS-CHAVE DA CONFIGURAÇÃO DOS IMPRESSOS NO PARÁ DO SÉCULO XIX
Authors: Silva dos Anjos Seixas Netília , Andrade Santa Brígida Leonardo , Santana dos Santos Rodrigues Jessé
Published: April 2024

Este capítulo se propõe a abordar a imprensa no Pará no século XIX, enfocando pontos considerados como principais na sua configuração, seja a partir da própria imprensa, seja a partir do contexto político, social e histórico regional. Como se trata de um objeto complexo, com um escopo amplo de investigação, temático e temporal, a proposta é compor um panorama a respeito da imprensa paraense no século XIX, observando como se articulou com o cenário político e intelectual da época.
A EVOLUÇÃO DO JORNALISMO EM SÃO PAULO NO SÉCULO XIX: REFLEXO DO PROCESSO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO URBANO, POLÍTICO E CULTURAL
Authors: Valentim Vaz Coelho Hime Gisely
Published: April 2024

O estabelecimento da imprensa em São Paulo foi tardio e lento. O primeiro periódico paulista que se tem registro data de junho ou julho de 1823, ou seja, quinze anos após a circulação do Correio Brasiliense, considerado o primeiro jornal brasileiro, apesar de editado na Inglaterra. Peter Burke e Asa Briggs, em seu Uma história social da mídia, estabelecem alguns fatores motivadores da implementação da atividade jornalística na Europa, no século XV, que podem ser aplicados na análise do contexto paulista. O primeiro deles seria econômico: na Europa, a consolidação do mercantilismo impulsionou a circulação hu mana, determinando a criação de núcleos urbanos vinculados às feiras e mercados. Dessa forma, a circulação de informação foi estimulada, observando-se que o fluxo de informações acompanhava as rotas comerciais. Identifica-se aí, derivado da nova organização econômica, o segundo fator motivador, de cunho social, posto que uma intensa circulação humana e o aumento da população em núcleos urbanos impulsionaram a troca de informações fundamentais à vida comunal. O terceiro fator seria a demanda pelo aprendizado da leitura e da escrita, derivado do surgimento de nossas profissões, por sua vez vinculadas à nova organização socioeconômica, aprimorando as práticas de disseminação oral da informação, consolidando os processos de leitura coletiva e ampliando a prática de leitura individual, provocando a ampliação dos registros escritos em múltiplas formas. O quarto fator, não menos importante, é derivado das transformações socioeconômicas posto que a necessidade de incremento na troca de informações estimulou o investimento na criação de instrumentos que favorecessem a reprodução gráfica.
LETRAS IMPRESSAS, DISPUTAS E ACOMODAÇÕES: A EXPANSÃO DA IMPRENSA MARANHENSE NO SÉCULO XIX
Authors: Arcanjo Pinheiro Roseane , Assunção Reis Thays
Published: April 2024

Ao abordarmos o desenvolvimento da imprensa, acontecimento que marcou o século XIX no território da então colônia, as questões norteadoras foram: 1) O que os estudos nos apontam sobre as características iniciais desse fenômeno, conformado pelas conjunturas históricas?; 2) Sobre o alastramento dos jornais nos séculos XIX e XX, onde e que fatores sociais provocaram esses fatos?; e 3) Como podemos caracterizar o jornal pioneiro, O Conciliador do Maranhão, no momento de ruptura política com Portugal? Esses questionamentos colaboram para a compreensão dos estudos sobre a imprensa, dos antigos aos mais recentes, dos objetos de estudo que merecem novas investigações e das lacunas que as pesquisas podem preencher para esclarecermos sobre a malha dos primeiros jornais e a contribuição deles para o debate público, especialmente no âmbito regional.
“SENHOR REDATOR”: IMPRENSA E CULTURA POLÍTICA EM PERNAMBUCO DA ÉPOCA DA INDEPENDÊNCIA
Authors: José Gomes Cabral Flavio
Published: April 2024

No prelúdio do século XIX, Pernambuco além de ser o nome de uma das mais antigas e importantes capitanias da América portuguesa era também o nome pelo qual era conhecido seu principal núcleo urbano, a Vila do Recife. Registos espalhados em documentos manuscritos e principalmente iconográficos dão conta dessa assertiva. Apesar de toda importância, a vila em destaque não era a capital dos pernambucanos. Esta estava localizada na Cidade de Olinda, fundada no século XVI em um pequeno outeiro a pouca distância da portuária vila recifense. O porto local era um dos mais importantes do país: por ali não apenas escoavam a produção local como também aportavam novidades vindas da Europa e dependendo do assunto causava reboliço. Recife se espraiava por três importantes bairros emoldurados pelos rios Capibaribe e Beberibe. Na época da independência, três pontes ligavam esses bairros. Pelas águas daqueles rios canoas trafegavam transportando pessoas e coisas, inclusive água potável vinda do Varadouro, em Olinda (Mello, 1978: 67-104). O mais importante daqueles bairros era o do Recife, localizado na zona portuária subordinada à Freguesia de São Pedro Gonçalves, sediada na Matriz do Corpo Santo, palco de importantes eventos políticos do tempo da independência, havendo também o de Santo Antônio e o da Boa Vista. São José, como bairro, apareceria posteriormente sendo desmembrado de Santo Antônio.
On the Minkowski dimension of some invariant sets of dynamical systems
Authors: Zelik Sergey V. , Pochinka Olga V. , Yagilev Andrey A.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. It is well known that a fractal set is not a submanifold of the ambient space. However, fractals arise as invariant subsets even in infinitely smooth conditions and the Minkowski dimension serves in this case as a characteristic of complexity of this scale. For example, when the equilibrium state during the Andronov-Hopf bifurcation losses its stability, the closure of the non-singular trajectory is a parametrically defined curve of the fractal type. In this work the fractal dimension of such curves is calculated. In addition, special two-parameter family of functions is studied such that Minkowski dimension of their graphs varies from 1 to 2. The obtained result allows us to implement a regular dynamic system with an isolated hyperbolic point such that the closure of two-dimensional stable manifold of this point may have Minkowski dimension greater than 2. To calculate the graph dimension, the segment of the argument defining the graph is split into two parts. The dimension of the first part of the graph can be estimated from above by direct calculation of the corresponding curve’s length. The upper estimation of the other part’s dimension is provided by means of the area of rectangle containing this curve. The lower estimation of the Minkowski dimension is based on calculating the cardinality of ε
-distinguishable set of graph points.
Important 2023 Civil Procedure Law Cases
Authors:   The Institute of Legal Studies, Kyunghee University, Lee Su-Jin
Published: April 2024

This paper examines key civil procedure and execution law rulings issued by the Supreme Court in 2023. We analyze seven significant civil procedure precedents, focusing on: 1. Exclusive international jurisdiction agreements, 2. Ratification of objections and compulsory mediation, 3. Lease contract requirements and enforcement, 4. Protection by provisional seizure: Non-existence and cessation of prescription, 5. Causal relationship and burden of proof in medical malpractice, 6. Reconciliation replacement and res judicata in claim objection lawsuits, 7. Preservation of public property and cancellation registration lawsuits. Each precedent is categorized, summarized by facts, rulings of lower courts and the Supreme Court, with analysis of relevant law and the author's perspective. While some rulings involve international private law, civil law, or commercial law aspects, these are addressed only if relevant to civil procedure. The paper also briefly reviews four major rulings on civil execution law: 1. Indirect coercion, incidental obligations, and claim objection, 2. Execution claim seizure after full order service and its effect, 3. Public notice procedure violation and auction effect, 4. Distribution objection and lawsuit succession. Additionally, a section on “Other Civil Procedure Act Precedents” highlights notable rulings due to space constraints. While not exhaustive, this analysis aims to be a valuable resource for future civil procedure research.
Shining a Light in COVID-19 Darkness
Authors: Jack Barbara A , Kirton Jennifer A , Groves Karen E , Abrams Martin , Bray Dominic G , Lloyd-Williams Mari
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The World Health Organization officially declared COVID-19 a global pandemic in March 2020, resulting in travel restrictions, closure of non-essential shops and services, and the discontinuation of elective healthcare. The escalation of the pandemic impacted on hospital healthcare professionals, who experienced the deaths of colleagues and unprecedented changes in their working conditions. One area that received media attention in the United Kingdom during the pandemic was the role of hospital chaplaincy and spiritual care teams.Methods: An exploratory study advertised via social media, the press and professional bodies resulted in 86 healthcare professionals and 63 chaplains, who had worked clinically in the United Kingdom during the pandemic, completing an open, free text electronic survey. Seven chaplains participated in a follow-up telephone interview, with all the data collected in 2022.Results: The survey demographic data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Free text responses and interviews were subject to thematic analysis. A focus on the support of health professionals was widely reported by all respondents. Two overarching themes were identified: (1) organizational initiatives, with subthemes of structural and virtual support; (2) proactive intervention – “going to the frontline”, with subthemes of emotional and spiritual support, moral support and practical input.Discussion/Conclusion: The overarching finding was that hospital chaplains worked alongside healthcare staff on the clinical frontline. Staff described this as invaluable in its immediacy of support and provision of a valued presence. The chaplain’s role changed to becoming more focused on staff support, which appears to be ongoing, thus impacting on the future role and training for hospital chaplaincy teams.
A Comprehensive Exploration of Biomass Gasification Technologies Advancing United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: Part I
Authors: Uddin M. N. , Nithe N. A.
Published: April 2024

The pursuit of sustainable energy sources on a worldwide scale is a crucial and pressing matter, with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs) offering a comprehensive framework for properly addressing this challenge. This two-part paper provides an overview of the various technologies now available for the process of biomass gasification. Compared to other renewable energy sources, which have undergone significant technological advancements in recent years, the field of biomass conversion is still relatively new. Keeping up with the newest breakthroughs becomes increasingly crucial as new conversion techniques are rapidly being created. In the thermochemical conversion process called ‘biomass gasification’, biomass solid source materials are degraded or incompletely burned in an oxygen-free or oxygen-deficient high-temperature atmosphere, resulting in the production of biomass gas. Part I delves into different biomass gasification techniques, including upstream, gasification and downstream processes, highlighting their importance in transforming biomass into clean and combustible gases.
EFFECT OF METAL FOAM FILLING POSITION AND POROSITY ON HEAT TRANSFER OF PCM: A VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Authors: Zhang Xuesong , Wang Jun , Wu Zhiwei , Li Xiaolin , Cao Wenxiang
Published: April 2024

The application of phase change material (PCM) in energy storage systems is limited by its low thermal conductivity. One of the effective methods to improve the thermal conductivity of PCM is to embed foam metal within it. To investigate the effects of foam metal infill position and porosity on the melting process and temperature distribution of PCM, a visualized experimental system study is built. Paraffin is employed as the PCM with a melting point of 62°C, while 85%, 90%, and 95% porosity copper foams are chosen in the experiment. The evolution of the liquid-solid phase interface and the temperature distribution in the PCM are recorded. Singlelayer filling schemes show that placing copper foam closer to the bottom accelerates melting, while double-layer schemes further optimize the melting time and temperature distribution. Additionally, decreasing the porosity of copper foam enhances heat transfer, shortening melting times. The study introduces a melting efficiency index, demonstrating that optimizing filling schemes and porosities improves the overall melting performance. When the copper foam with 90% and 85% porosity is arranged in the middle and bottom layers, respectively, the complete melting time is shortened by 38.2% and the maximum and average temperature differences are reduced by 30.0% and 45.2%, respectively, compared with pure paraffin. The findings contribute valuable insights into designing efficient PCM systems for thermal energy storage applications, emphasizing the importance of copper foam arrangement and porosity optimization.
APPLICATION OF A NON-SELF-SUSTAINED GLOW DISCHARGE INITIATED BY A FOCUSED ELECTRON BEAM IN THE FOREVACUUM PRESSURE REGION FOR NITRIDING THE INNER SURFACE OF NARROW METAL TUBES
Authors: Bakeev I. Yu. , Klimov Aleksandr S. , Medovnik A. V. , Kiki L.J. Ngon A. , Oks Efim M. , Zenin Aleksey A.
Published: April 2024

We have explored some of the features of ion-plasma nitriding the inner surface of narrow extended
metal tubes by the plasma of a non-self-sustained glow discharge initiated by a focused electron beam
in the forevacuum pressure range. The influence of electron beam current on the discharge parameters was determined. We found a non-monotonic dependence of plasma density, nitrogen content in the nitrided surface layer, and layer microhardness on discharge burning voltage. The microhardness of the inner surface of the nitrided tubes reaches values of 1500 kgf/mm2 for AISI 321 stainless steel and 700 kgf/mm2 for alloy carbon steel AISI 5135.
Anti-Hyperuricemia Activity and Potential Mechanisms of Medicinal Mushroom Activity: A Review of Preclinical Studies
Authors: Lai Chun-Hong , Lo Hui-Chen
Published: April 2024

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of serum uric acid, the product of purine metabolism. The primary symptom of HUA is gout; however, asymptomatic HUA is associated with complications such as hypertension, kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. The activation of xanthine oxidase (XO), a pivotal enzyme in uric acid biosynthesis, is coupled with extensive reactive oxygen species generation, leading to inflammatory responses, and triggers the development of HUA and its complications. In clinical practice, XO inhibitors are primarily used to treat HUA; however, their prolonged use is accompanied by serious adverse effects. Mushrooms and their bioactive constituents have shown promising anti-HUA activities in both in vitro and in vivo studies, including inhibition of urate production, modulation of renal urate transporters, enhancement of intestinal uric acid excretion, and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimetabolic syndrome properties. Clinical trials are necessary to validate the beneficial effects and safety of mushrooms in preventing or alleviating HUA and attenuating the associated complications. This review presents contemporary insights into the pathogenesis of HUA, the bioactive components of mushrooms, their therapeutic potential, and the underlying mechanisms involved in ameliorating HUA.
Different Approaches to establish soil health and to combat Phytophthora cinnamomi
Authors: Isabel Redondo Beatriz , Chinchilla Rodriguez Blanca , Chavez-Sanchez Angela , Gonzalez-Nogales Juan Luis , Rodriguez Antonio , Cerrato Rosario , Fernández-Llario Pedro
Published: April 2024

The sustainability of ecosystems is threatened especially in unique spaces that traditionally have a great wealth of biodiversity. Since the beginning of the 80s, the multifactorial syndrome called “la seca” has been the main disease that affects the holm oaks and cork oaks characteristic of the Mediterranean forest, and that gradually dries the trees until they die. This pathology is multicausal and one of the agents with the greatest lethal power is Phythoptora cinamomi, of the Protista genus, considered one of the 100 worst invasive species in the world. Current solutions are based on preventive cultural practices and the use of palliatives, mainly chemicals. Research is advancing rapidly in the field and biocontrol solutions are being incorporated, such as the use of biological phytosanitary products, such as microorganisms or plant extracts with direct action against the pathogen, but which still present major deficiencies. The global overexploitation that has led to the rise of these pathogenic microorganisms leads to an impoverishment of the natural microbiome of the pastures, so it is necessary to reestablish this microbiome and the balance of the soils so that they recover their suppressive characteristics against P. cinnamomi and other pathogens that could threaten the disease. The objectives of this review are to raise awareness of the current problems in the Mediterranean forest ecosystem, and its relationship with a global phytopathogen such as Phythopthora cinnamomi, and to provide new strategies for soil regeneration.
Protocol for Nuclei/ Cell Isolation and 10X Genomics Fixed RNA profiling for Human Skeletal Muscle v1
Authors: Martin Nicolas
Published: April 2024

This is the 10X Genomics protocol to fix, dissociate, and profile RNA from human skeletal muscle tissue.
Spatial N-glycomics with MALDI-MSI for human kidney tissue v2
Authors: Velickovic Dusan , Sharma Kumar , Alexandrov Theodore , Anderton Chris
Published: April 2024

This protocol describes the procedure to obtain high quality MALDI mass spectrometry images of N-linked glycans from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue. This protocol is optimized for human kidney biopsy tissue as part of the Kidney Precision Medicine Project.
Doering search for Xu SR 2023 malingering v1
Authors: Doering Michelle
Published: April 2024

This protocol details the Doering search for Xu SR 2023 malingering.
High molecular weight DNA extraction from fungal spores for long read sequencing v2
Authors: (Beatrice) Apirajkamol Nonthakorn , Tek Tay Wee
Published: April 2024

A modified extraction protocol is required to extract high quantity and quality DNA from fungal spores. We optimised DNA extraction protocols to obtain a sufficient amount of high molecular weight DNA from fungal spores for long read sequencing i.e., PacBio HiFi. Note: If required, the DNA extraction protocol can be scaled up to achieved the desired amount of genomic DNA
Chloroform-free DNA Extraction - Ammonium Acetate Precipitation Method v1
Authors: Environmental Omics Facility (NEOF) Visitor Facility NERC
Published: April 2024

A chloroform-free, cost-effective DNA extraction method for a variety of sample types.
Biorreducción in vitro de cromo hexavalente utilizando consorcios microbianos
Authors:   Universidad del Quindío, Serna-Toro Stefany , Lora-Suarez Fabiana María ,   Universidad del Quindío, Loango-Chamorro Nelsy ,   Universidad del Quindío
Published: April 2024

Constant industrial development has increased the chromium use, resulting in chromium discharge into wastewater. The implementation of microbial bioremediation has been proposed as an ecological, efficient and economical alternative for the implementation of microorganisms to reduce chromium to a less toxic form. Our objective was to evaluate the Cr (VI) removal capacity of microbial consortia at different concentrations. Accordingly, an activation and identification of microorganisms from chromium-containing wastewater was carried out. Seven microbial consortia were established and their synergy, individual and consortium growth curves were evaluated. Subsequently, a scaled adaptation of the consortia was carried out with eight concentrations of Cr (VI). Reciprocal regression models and growth curves were used to identify the consortium with the highest removal. Synergy was found in the consortia evaluated; growth curves of consortia showed higher absorbance than individually, with higher absorption in the Candida famata-Serratia sp. Consortium. However, in the scaled adaptation, greater Cr (VI) reduction capacity was demonstrated in Candida tropicalis-Serratia sp. with 79.20% at a concentration of 100 ppm with a total chromium reduction of 31.12%. At the same time, a greater adaptation of the consortia to high concentrations of Cr (VI) was identified. This is the first research to report C. tropicalis-Serratia sp. microbial consortium with a positive interaction and higher metabolic reduction capacity, which will have a positive impact on bioremediation of chromium-containing wastewater.
In Search of Durable Solutions for Refugees in Indonesia: A State Security and Human Rights Protection Approach
Authors: Syahrin M. Alvi , Qalandy M. Rafly , Jafizhan M. Syaran
Published: April 2024

The Indonesian government is experiencing difficulties in dealing with the refugee problem. This is because the number of refugees in the waiting period is increasing and the destination country limits the acceptance quota. Currently, the refugee problem in Indonesia is regulated in Presidential Regulation No. 125/2016. However, its implementation has not been optimal, as it is hampered by coordination and legal compliance factors. The implementation of the Presidential Regulation creates inconsistencies in legal norms with other regulations. Then, some local governments have begun to reject the presence of refugees. They are not willing to prepare shelters for refugees, because it burdens the budget. Currently, the government does not have a long-term solution that can be used to solve the refugee problem in Indonesia. This paper will discuss Indonesia’s role in solving the refugee problem by formulating strategic policies from a humanitarian perspective. This article uses socio-legal research with a qualitative approach. Although not a state party to the 1951 Convention, Indonesia has adopted various international laws that protect the human rights of refugees. However, its legal legitimacy is still disputed from the perspective of state security and sovereignty. Indonesia continues to be encouraged to ratify the convention to strengthen the promotion and defense of refugee rights. In fact, ratification can be a quick way to bridge the gap between international and domestic legal frameworks in addressing refugee issues in Indonesia. However, the government cannot wait to resolve this issue until the convention is ratified. There are several long-term solutions that can be practiced to address the refugee issue, including: pushing for human rights instruments to implement the basic rights of refugees; re-establishing the refugee issue as part of the National Human Rights Action Plan; revising Presidential Regulation No. 125/2016; and formulating a new policy with Indonesia, UNHCR, and giving greater authority to IOM to empower refugees while they wait to enter the destination country.
Commercial Television as a Blind Spot in Emerging Media Systems: Romania and Bulgaria’s Cases
Authors: Bălășescu Mădălina , Angelova Vyara , Surugiu Romina
Published: April 2024

This study explores TV in Romania and Bulgaria, both considered “emerging” media systems in post-communist studies (Sparks, 1995). It uses Hallin and Mancini’s (2004) framework to analyze the central aspects regarding the configuration of commercial TV. The study offers an institutional perspective on TV by exploring the licensing frame and the TV offer. The interaction between commercial TV, politics, and the state underlines the intricate relations through powerful and influential networks involving the interests of a variety of individuals and groups. Currently, commercial TV is the most developed type of media in both countries. Through its empirical contribution, this study fills in the blind spot of media research, aiming to contribute to the understanding of the Romanian and Bulgarian media landscape. It offers a critical perspective on TV systems in relation to the polarized pluralist/Mediterranean model of Hallin and Mancini, considering its explanatory function within the analysis of Eastern European media systems. Elements of the national markets revealed particularities of the TV business, synchronically connected to the contemporary “hyper-television” vision (Scolari, 2009) and the “informational disorder” paradigm (Tambini, 2020).
FINE EPOCA BERLUSCONI – L’AMARO CALICE DELLA POLITICA THE END OF THE EPOCH OF BERLUSCONI – BITTER FLAVOUR OF THE POLITICS. LINGUISTIC GAININGS
Authors: Lakhtionova Kateryna
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of Berlusconi, his political activity in the Parliament of the Italian Republic from the perspective of linguistic gainings, in other words, considering the enrichment of italian political vocabulary within the political life of Italy, appearance of neologisms, idioms and other derivatives, related with this odious man. We deliberately translate “calice” as “flavour” instead of “cup”, to highlight the danger of the usurpation of power, since the new lexicon, which appeared during the ministry of Berlusconi, almost always carries a negative connotation. With the development of his political activity, on each stage of his lightning fast career new lexicon, related with his personality, appears.
Modelling of Pilot Activities when Piloting Aircraft
Authors: Orishchenko V.A. , Greshnikov I.I.
Published: April 2024

The paper considers the representation of crew activities when piloting an aircraft using Markov chains, including modeling in regular and emergency situations, considering the experience of the crew. A method for assessing the level of pilot experience using a neural network and an algorithm for optimizing the probability matrices of transitions between model states are presented. Examples of modeling for an emergency situation are given, demonstrating the influence of the pilot's level of experience on the result.
Solving an Optimization Problem for Estimating Fully connected Linear Regression Models
Authors: Bazilevskiy M.P.
Published: April 2024

This article is devoted to the problem of estimating fully connected linear regression models using the maximum likelihood method. Previously, a special numerical method was developed for this purpose, based on solving a nonlinear system using the method of simple iterations. At the same time, the issues of choosing initial approximations and fulfilling sufficient conditions for convergence were not studied. This article proposes a new method for solving the optimization problem of estimating fully connected regressions, similar to the method of estimating orthogonal regressions. It has been proven that, with equal error variances of interconnected variables, estimates of b-parameters of fully connected regression are equal to the components of the eigenvector corresponding to the smallest eigenvalue of the inverse covariance matrix. And if the ratios of the error variances of the variables are equal to the ratios of the variances of the variables, then the b-parameter estimates are equal to the components of the eigenvector corresponding to the smallest eigenvalue of the inverse correlation matrix, multiplied by the specific ratios of the standard deviations of the variables. A numerical experiment was carried out to confirm the correctness of the developed mathematical apparatus. The proposed method for solving the optimization problem of estimating fully connected regressions can be effectively used when solving problems of constructing multiple fully connected linear regressions.
Approximate Synthesis of Optimal Deterministic Control Systems with Incomplete Feedback Based on Sufficient ε-Optimality Conditions
Authors: Panteleev A.V. , Karane M.S.
Published: April 2024

The problem of optimal control of deterministic dynamical systems in the absence of information about a part of the coordinates of the state vector is considered. Sufficient ε-optimality conditions based on the principle of expansion are formulated and proved. An algorithm is proposed for finding an a priori estimate of the proximity of the synthesized control law with incomplete feedback to the optimal one for a given set of initial states. The solution of the model example is given.
Realization of the Right to Education outside Territories with a Disputed Regime by People Who Received the Education Therein
Authors: Stavinoha V. , Karandashov I. I. , Ignatiev А. S. , Bakhin S. V.
Published: April 2024

Difficulties arising from the realization of the right to access to education outside a territory with a disputed regime by individuals who obtained previous qualifications in such territory have existed for a long time. The issue was exacerbated after the Ukrainian political crisis of 2014 that led to the emergence of two self-proclaimed entities — the Donetsk People’s Republic and the Luhansk People’s Republic — and posed the question on the further destiny of young people who finished secondary schools in these territories. Although eventually many of them were admitted to Russian universities, it did not resolve the issue fundamentally. Therefore, the authors have set themselves a goal to answer the following question: is it in compliance with international law if a state body, a state agency, or a state educational institution refuses to recognize the qualification on the sole ground that it was obtained in a territory with a disputed regime? While the answer should be negative, it seems that most states do not share this opinion. The possible solution to this and other issues concerning the implementation of the rights of people living in such territories is to conclude the treaty that will guarantee the implementation of all basic human rights that people have under international law including the right to access to education. However, before its conclusion, it is expedient to set a Martens clauselike norm in an international instrument that may contribute to full and consistent implementation of their rights since they do require such protection today.
Polymorphism of IL4 and IL13 anti-inflammatory cytokine genes in indigenous populations of the russian Arctic
Authors: Marchenko I. V.
Published: April 2024

Living conditions in the Arctic zone are extremely unfavorable for living and contribute to the development of a number of diseases due to suppression of the functions of the immune system. Cytokines are one of the main mediators of the immune system; they are encoded by genes with a high degree of polymorphism. This study examined the distribution of genetic variants in the cytokine genes (rs2243250 IL4, rs1800925 IL13) among the Nenets, Dolgan-Nganasan and Slavs. It was previously established that these mutations are associated with the level of expression of these interleukins and their production, which leads to changes in the impairment of the immune response to the influence of the pathogen. The study showed the predominance of genotypes CT and TT of the rs2243250 IL4 polymorphism, and genotype CC of the rs1800925 IL13 polymorphism in the Nenets and Dolgan-Nganasan populations. The results obtained suggest that the indigenous inhabitants of the Russian Arctic have a genetically determined rapid immune response and protection against the development of allergic diseases compared to the Slavs.
Association of hematological parameters on polymorphisms of HFE gene (rs1800562, rs1800730, rs1799945) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Smirnova O. V. , Lagutinskaya D. V.
Published: April 2024

Background. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its associated metabolic syndrome are one of the most common chronic liver diseases among adults worldwide. One of the reasons associated with unfavorable course may be an abnormalities of iron metabolism associated with of fatty liver degeneration, caused by the presence of a certain polymorphic locus of the HFE gene.
Aim. Study the dependence of changes in hematological parameters on HFE gene polymorphisms among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with metabolic syndrome and normal body weight.
Materials and methods. The study included 173 patients, of which 85 people had NAFLD and normal body weight, 88 people had NAFLD and metabolic syndrome. All patients underwent genotyping of the rs1800562, rs1800730, rs1799945 polymorphisms of the HFE gene, as well as assessment of hematological parameters. Statistical analysis was performed out using the Statistica 10 package.
Results. Patients with NAFLD and normal body weight were characterized by the presence of the AT genotype of the rs1800730 polymorphism and the CG and GG genotypes of the rs1799945 polymorphism. In patients with NAFLD and metabolic syndrome, genotypes AA and TT of the rs1800730 polymorphism and CC of the rs1799945 polymorphism were more common.
Changes in hematological parameters were noted in both groups. In patients with normal body weight, an increase in ESR and monocytosis was observed. Patients with metabolic syndrome had anemia, increased ESR and pancytopenia.
Conclusion. Patients with NAFLD and normal body weight are characterized by the AT genotypes of the rs1800730 polymorphism and the CG and GG genotypes of the rs1799945 polymorphism. In patients with metabolic syndrome, variants of the AA polymorphism rs1800730 and CC polymorphism rs1799945 are more common. The rs1800562 polymorphism did not show significant differences in prevalence when compared between groups.
In patients with normal body weight, changes in hematological parameters are less pronounced, an increase in ESR and monocytosis is noted. In patients with metabolic syndrome, on the contrary, disturbances in hematological parameters are more pronounced; panleukopenia, increased ESR, and anemia are noted.
The changes we discovered may be evidence that in patients with NAFLD and normal body weight, steatosis and chronic inflammation predominated, and in patients with metabolic syndrome and NAFLD, steatohepatitis, which has a negative effect on organ systems. One of the risk factors for its development was the AA genotype of the rs800730 polymorphism and the CC genotype of the rs1799945 polymorphism.
Improving surgical treatment of patients with patellar instability
Authors: Khominets Vladimir V. , Konokotin Dmitry A. , Fedotov Alexey O. , Grankin Aleksey S. , Vorobyev Alexandr S.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: The high frequency and recurrence of chronic patellar instability and the lack of unified treatment techniques indicate the need for a comprehensive individualized approach in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of patellar instability.
AIM: To develop an algorithm and compare the anatomical and functional results of its use with those of traditional surgical treatment of patients with patellar instability.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The functional results of the treatment of 194 patients with patellar instability were compared. Two groups of patients were formed. The surgical treatment techniques of the main group (n = 93) were based on the results of the preoperative examination, considering risk factors of instability development, established as a result of retrospective analysis of the control group (n = 101). The effectiveness of the algorithm was compared with the techniques of patellar stabilization used from 2010 to 2015. The Kujala, IKDC 2000, and Lysholm scales were used to assess the functional results of treatment.
RESULTS: Surgical treatment of instability aims to eliminate risk factors such as anomalies of the extensor apparatus of the knee joint and to repair or reconstruct damaged structures. Plasty of the medial patellofemoral ligament is the method of choice for patellar stabilization. In the case of dysplastic changes in the patellofemoral joint, combinations of proximal and distal knee joint surgeries were performed. Rotational lower-limb deformities were treated by corrective derotational osteotomy of the femur. Trochleoplasty was performed in cases of type B or D femoral block dysplasia. Patients with stiff lateral patellar retention underwent lateral release or extension tenotomy. In both groups, the functional status of the patients significantly (p 0.05) improved 12 months postoperatively. The mean values of the functional scales increased because of the increased number of patients with excellent and good scores in the group. Higher values were recorded in the main group (Kujala, p = 0.038; IKDC 2000, p = 0.021; Lysholm, p = 0.032). Patellar dislocation recurred in 2 (1.9%) patients in the control group (p = 0.172).
CONCLUSIONS: The proposed algorithm helped verify the degree, type, and etiology of patellar instability and helped obtain better anatomofunctional treatment results in patients.
Clinical, genetic, and orthopedic characteristics of large group of patients with diastrophic dysplasia
Authors: Gorodilova Darya V. , Markova Tatiana V. , Kenis Vladimir M. , Melchenko Evgenii V. , Akinshina Aleksandra D. , Ogorodova Natalya Yu. , Shchagina Olga A. , Dadali Elena L. , Kutsev Sergey I.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: Diastrophic dysplasia (OMIM #222600) is a rare congenital autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia associated with homozygous or compound-heterozygous variants in the sulfate transporter gene SLC26A2. Clinical and radiological descriptions of diastrophic dysplasia in patients of different ages will help improve the diagnosis and orthopedic treatment.
AIM: To describe clinical and genetic characteristics of Russian patients with diastrophic dysplasia caused by previously described and newly identified pathogenic SLC26A2 variants.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive examination of 28 Russian patients from 28 unrelated families aged 3 months to 34 years with clinical and radiological signs of diastrophic dysplasia was performed. To confirm the diagnosis, genealogical analysis, clinical examination, radiography, and targeted research of SLC26A2 using direct Sanger sequencing were performed.
RESULTS: Typical clinical and radiological signs sufficient for diagnosing diastrophic dysplasia in newborns have been identified, which included rhizo/mesomelic shortening of the upper and lower extremities, congenital clubfoot, hand anomalies, multiple dislocations, and joint contractures. In our patients, 14 SLC26A2 variants were identified, 9 of which were first discovered. The most common variant identified in Russian patients with diastrophic dysplasia was c.1957TA (p.Cys653Ser), which accounted for 50% of the alleles.
CONCLUSIONS: Clinical and genetic analyses of Russian patients with diastrophic dysplasia made it possible to identify the core clinical and radiological signs and evaluate the polymorphism of the clinical manifestations of the disease. In contrast to previously examined patients from European populations (including Finland with the largest number of patients with diastrophic dysplasia), 50% of the cases in the Russian population are caused by the c.1957TA (p.Cys653Ser) homozygous or compound-heterozygous variant.