bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute and long‐term outcomes of drug‐eluting stent implantations in aorto‐ostial, left anterior descending artery‐ostial, and nonostial lesions
Authors: Hsieh I‐Chang , Chen Chun‐Chi , Chang Shang‐Hung , Hsieh Ming‐Jer , Wang Chao‐Yung , Lee Cheng‐Hung , Lin Fen‐Chiung
Published: April 2013

Background

This study was designed to evaluate the acute and long‐term clinical and angiographic outcomes of drug‐eluting stent (DES) implantations in aorto‐ostial, left anterior descending artery (LAD)‐ostial and nonostial lesions.

Method

From the CAPTAIN (cardiovascular atherosclerosis and percutaneous transluminal interventions) registry, a total of 61 patients with 61 aorto‐ostial, 173 patients with 173 LAD‐ostial, and 1,954 patients with 2,391 nonostial lesions were treated with DES implantations.

Results

Compared to patients with LAD‐ostial and nonostial lesions, those with aorto‐ostial lesions had a larger late loss (0.43 ± 0.66, 0.42 ± 0.63, and 0.95 ± 0.93 mm, respectively, P = 0.001), higher loss index (0.18 ± 0.28, 0.18 ± 0.26, and 0.39 ± 0.38, respectively, P = 0.001), and restenosis rate (7%, 6%, and 25%, respectively, P < 0.001) at a 6–9 months angiographic follow‐up. During the long‐term follow‐up period of 34 ± 26 months, the aorto‐ostial group had a higher rate of target vessel failure (21.7% vs. 12.3% vs. 10.9%, respectively, P = 0.030) and a lower cardiovascular event‐free survival rate, as determined by the Kaplan‐Meier analysis, than the other two groups (P = 0.002).

Conclusions

In spite of treatment with DES implantation, aorto‐ostial stenosis is still associated with higher restenosis and lower cardiovascular event‐free survival rates than LAD‐ostial and nonostial lesions during a long‐term follow‐up; however, LAD‐ostial stenoses are not associated with a higher risk than nonostial lesions.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Usefulness of the logistic clinical SYNTAX score for predicting 1‐year mortality in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention of the left main coronary artery
Authors: Capodanno Davide , Giacoppo Daniele , Dipasqua Fabio , Miccichè Eligio , Licitra Carmelo , Di Salvo Maria Elena , Francaviglia Bruno , Grasso Carmelo , La Manna Alessio , Sgroi Carmelo , Tamburino Corrado
Published: April 2013

Objectives

To externally validate the logistic clinical SYNTAX in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the left main coronary artery (LMCA).

Background

A novel version of the clinical SYNTAX score (CSS) has been recently introduced to overcome the limitations of categorical risk scores for PCI by the incorporation of clinical variables and the SYNTAX score (SXscore) into a logistic formula for predicting 1‐year mortality.

Methods

Core and extended models of the logistic CSS (logCSScore and logCSSext) were applied to 400 patients undergoing LMCA PCI, and their performance was compared with those of the standard CSS, SXscore, and age, creatinine, and ejection fraction (ACEF) score by different measures of discrimination and calibration.

Results

A significant gradient in the distribution of 1‐year mortality was noted with all the models (P < 0.001), with the SYNTAX and ACEF scores showing the lowest (0.64) and the highest (0.75) c‐statistic, respectively. Based on Somers' Dxy rank correlation, discrimination of both the logCSScore and the logCSSext was numerically lower than that of the ACEF score. The logCSScore was miscalibrated toward underpredicting all‐cause mortality in low‐predicted probabilities, while the logCSSext tended to underpredict in low‐predicted probabilities and overpredict in high‐predicted probabilities. Slope and intercept values reflected a better calibration ability of the logCSScore compared with the logCSSext. The global accuracy of the logCSScore was superior to that of the logCSSext (Brier score 0.087 vs. 0.095).

Conclusions

A personalized approach to risk stratification of LMCA PCI with the logistic CSS is feasible and of potential clinical utility. However, in this study, the logistic CSS did not achieve superior discrimination compared with other categorical models, and suffered from mild to moderate miscalibration. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Covered stents in the management of native coarctation of the Aorta—Intermediate and long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Sadiq Masood , Rehman Asif Ur , Qureshi Ahmad U. , Qureshi Shakeel A.
Published: April 2013

Objectives

To evaluate the results of covered Cheatham‐Platinum stent implantation in the management of native coarctation of the aorta and report intermediate and long‐term follow‐up.

Background

Covered stents are being used increasingly in severe and complex coarctation of the aorta mainly to reduce risk of aortic wall complications. There is, however, limited data on the intermediate and long‐term outcome.

Patients and Methods

Fifty‐six patients received 59 covered Cheatham‐Platinum stents (January 2002–December 2011) at a single center—in 54 patients as primary treatment and in 2 as a rescue. Mean age was 22.25 ± 1.2 (11–56) years and mean weight 58.6 ± 2.1 (32–99) kg. Primary end points were reduction in systolic pressure gradient and an increase in coarctation segment diameter. Changes in antihypertensive medicines and complications were recorded on follow‐up.

Results

Mean coarctation segment diameter increased from 4.69 ± 0.20 to 15.1 ± 3.2 mm (P <  0.0001). The systolic gradient decreased from mean of 51.4 ± 3.4 to 4.6 ± 0.7 mm Hg (P <  0.0001). There was one death 3 days postprocedure due to cerebral anoxia. There was one dissection diagnosed 24‐hr postprocedure. At a mean follow‐up of 45.9 ± 3.9 (3–120) months, all stents were patent and in good position on computed tomography. Four (7.1%) patients underwent successful redilation. Antihypertensive medication was decreased or stopped in 37 (66%) patients.

Conclusions

Covered Cheetham‐Platinum stents may be used effectively as therapy of choice in selected patients with severe coarctation of the aorta. Aortic wall complications occur even with covered stents. Covered stents provide a safe alternative to conventional stenting in the intermediate and long‐term and can be redilated safely to keep pace with somatic growth.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cardi‐O‐Fix duct occluder versus amplatzer duct occluder for closure of patent ductus arteriosus
Authors: Celebi Ahmet , Demir İbrahim Halil , Saritaş Türkay , Dedeoğlu Reyhan , Yucel İlker Kemal , Demir Fadli , Erdem Abdullah
Published: April 2013

Background

We sought to investigate the safety, efficacy, and follow‐up results of percutaneous patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure using the novel Cardi‐O‐Fix duct occluder (CDO), a device similar to but less expensive than the Amplatzer duct occluder (ADO). We also aimed to compare these two devices in terms of results.

Methods

Between March 2005 and May 2012, 167 patients diagnosed with moderate‐to‐large PDA underwent transcatheter closure. ADO was used in 56 (33.5%) patients with a mean age of 8.1 ± 11.9 years (3.6 months–56 years), whereas CDO was used in 111 (66.5%) patients with a mean age of 12.6 ± 14.6 years (4.8 months–63 years).

Results

The narrowest PDA diameter, the used device diameter, procedure time, fluoroscopy time, and residual shunt rates were similar between the two groups. Procedural success rate was 100% in both groups. Although the residual shunt rate was higher in the CDO group immediately after the procedure, the difference was not statistically significant (12.6 vs. 8.9%; P = 0.3). There was no statistically significant difference between groups at discharge and during follow‐up. No deaths occurred in any of the groups, and there were no differences in complication rates during the short‐ and mid‐term follow‐up periods (CDO 7/111 vs. ADO 5/56; P = 0.5 π).

Conclusion

The CDO can be used for PDA closure because of its safety, effectiveness, and simplicity in use. It is available in bigger sizes and can be used in patients with large defects. According to our short‐ and mid‐term findings, the results it yields are similar to those of the ADO; thus, it may be the preferred choice owing to its low cost and large size variability. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Catalytic Three‐Component Domino Reaction for the Preparation of Trisubstituted Oxazoles
Authors: Wachenfeldt Henrik v. , Röse Philipp , Paulsen Filip , Loganathan Nagarajan , Strand Daniel
Published: April 2013

Multicomponent reactions are attractive for assembling functionalized heterocyclic compounds. To this end, an efficient gold‐catalyzed three‐component domino reaction to form oxazoles directly from imines, alkynes, and acid chlorides is presented. The reaction proceeds in a single synthetic step by using a gold(III)–N,N′‐ethylenebis(salicylimine) (salen) catalyst to give trisubstituted oxazoles in up to 96 % yield. The substrate scope, a mechanistic study exploring the role of the gold catalyst, and the synthetic applications of the oxazole products are discussed.
Preparation and Separation of Telechelic Carborane‐Containing Poly(ethylene glycol)s
Authors: Matějíček Pavel , Uchman Mariusz , Lepšík Martin , Srnec Martin , Zedník Jiří , Kozlík Petr , Kalíková Květa
Published: April 2013

In the search for biocompatible amphiphilic polymers, carborane‐substituted poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEGs) have been prepared in either a linear mono‐ and disubstituted or starlike tetrasubstituted shape. The reaction was performed by UV‐initiated radical thiol/ene coupling of para‐carborane‐1‐thiol to the corresponding allyl‐terminated PEG, diallyl‐terminated PEG, and tetraallyl‐terminated starlike PEG. After the optimization of reaction conditions, the products were characterized by standard spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques. It was also demonstrated that it is possible to separate individual species differing in the number of attached carborane moieties by means of HPLC on an (R,S)‐hydroxypropyl‐modified β‐cyclodextrin column. To understand the mechanism in atomistic and energetic detail, this reaction was examined by means of quantum mechanics (QM) calculations. Further, because the carborane cluster is hypothesized to behave as a radical trap, QM calculations of the stability of various radicals derived from all the stable carboranethiol isomers with thiol group attached either to carbon or boron atoms were performed. The newly prepared carborane PEGs have an amphiphilic structure and might therefore be utilized in bio‐oriented applications.
Physical Properties and Structural Characterization of Ionic Liquids and Solid Electrolytes Utilizing the Carbamoylcyano(nitroso)methanide Anion
Authors: Janikowski Judith , Razali Mohd R. , Forsyth Craig M. , Nairn Kate M. , Batten Stuart R. , MacFarlane Douglas R. , Pringle Jennifer M.
Published: April 2013

The carbamoylcyano(nitroso)methanide (ccnm) anion has been used for the synthesis of eight new salts, two of which are liquid at room temperature. The ionic liquid containing a large phosphonium cation displays the highest thermal stability, while the imidazolium salt is the most fluid and conductive. Analysis of the crystal structures of four of the new materials, containing pyrrolidinium and small phosphonium cations, reveals notably different anion stacking behaviour depending on the nature of the cation. The solid [ccnm] salts all display good ionic conductivities, above 1 mS cm−1 for the four different pyrrolidinium species. This, and their soft appearance, is hypothesized to be a result of the presence of both the syn and anti conformational isomers of the [ccnm] anion. Finally, solid‐state NMR linewidth analysis and second moment calculations have been used to gain further insight into the disorder within one of the pyrrolidinium plastic crystals, revealing significant, quantifiable translational motion of some fraction of the material at temperatures over 0 °C.
Surfactant Capsules Propel Interfacial Oil Droplets: An Environmental Cleanup Strategy
Authors: Seah Tzu Hui , Zhao Guanjia , Pumera Martin
Published: April 2013

Invited for this month’s cover is the group of Prof. Martin Pumera from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. The cover picture shows pristine underwater coral. This image symbolizes the beauty of a clean environment (coral reef in Indonesia), while the inset outlines the mechanism of the motion of the self‐propelled cleaning capsule. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201300011
Dual Control of Interparticle Forces in Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Hu Bo , Cao Xian , Zhang Peng
Published: April 2013

Nanoparticles are known to self‐assemble into large aggregates through interparticle and external forces. Understanding how interparticle interaction forces affect the construction and organization of nanomaterials is of growing importance to the development of the self‐assembly technique. Current studies tend to focus on the individual factors and lack the collective effects from multiple forces as virus, lipid, or peptide does. The dual control on the self‐assembly process of citrate‐capped Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) mediated by the interparticle forces is reported. This self‐assembly process is governed by the collective effects of both thiol‐containing biomolecules and the ionic strength of dielectric medium. Thiol‐containing biomolecules can effectively replace surface citrate molecules on AuNPs forming stable AuS bonds, leading to the lowering of surface potential or charge. Ionic strength of the solution can decrease the ion binding and the screening length of the double‐layer repulsion. When these two factors are in play simultaneously, they collectively affect the AuNPs self‐assembly process through the interparticle interactions by contributions from both factors, which have been interrogated based on the classical Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek theory. It is interesting to observe the existence of a quasi‐stable state existed between two aggregated states, where two factors cancel each other and the AuNPs remain well dispersed, indicating that their concurrent effects are not simply additive. The results provide new insight to the assembly process of metal nanoparticles, and may open up new avenues to manipulate process.
Hydrogen Production through Aqueous‐Phase Reforming of Ethylene Glycol in a Washcoated Microchannel
Authors: D'Angelo M. Fernanda Neira , Ordomsky Vitaly , Paunovic Violeta , van der Schaaf John , Schouten Jaap C. , Nijhuis T. Alexander
Published: April 2013

Aqueous‐phase reforming (APR) of biocarbohydrates is conducted in a catalytically stable washcoated microreactor where multiphase hydrogen removal enhances hydrogen efficiency. Single microchannel experiments are conducted following a simplified model based on the microreactor concept. A coating method to deposit a Pt‐based catalyst on the microchannel walls is selected and optimized. APR reactivity tests are performed by using ethylene glycol as the model compound. Optimum results are achieved with a static washcoating technique; a highly uniform and well adhered 5 μm layer is deposited on the walls of a 320 μm internal diameter (ID) microchannel in one single step. During APR of ethylene glycol, the catalyst layer exhibits high stability over 10 days after limited initial deactivation. The microchannel presents higher conversion and selectivity to hydrogen than a fixed‐bed reactor. The benefits of using a microreactor for APR can be further enhanced by utilizing increased Pt loadings, higher reaction temperatures, and larger carbohydrates (e.g., glucose). The use of microtechnology for aqueous‐phase reforming will allow for a great reduction in the reformer size, thus rendering it promising for distributed hydrogen production.
Superior Performance of Metal–Organic Frameworks over Zeolites as Solid Acid Catalysts in the Prins Reaction: Green Synthesis of Nopol
Authors: Opanasenko Maksym , Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi , Hwang Young Kyu , Chang Jong‐San , Garcia Hermenegildo , Čejka Jiří
Published: April 2013

The catalytic performance of a set of metal–organic frameworks [CuBTC, FeBTC, MIL‐100(Fe), MIL‐100(Cr), ZIF‐8, MIL‐53(Al)] was investigated in the Prins condensation of β‐pinene with formaldehyde and compared with the catalytic behavior of conventional aluminosilicate zeolites BEA and FAU and titanosilicate zeolite MFI (TS‐1). The activity of the investigated metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) increased with the increasing concentration of accessible Lewis acid sites in the order ZIF‐8<MIL‐53(Al)<FeBTC<MIL‐100(Cr)<MIL‐100(Fe). Unwanted β‐pinene‐like isomerization takes place on the strong Brønsted acid sites of zeolites BEA and FAU, which showed significantly lower selectivity to the target nopol than the MOFs. Its high activity, the preservation of its structure and active sites, and the possibility to use it in at least three catalytic cycles without loss of activity make MIL‐100 (Fe) the best performing catalyst of the series for the Prins condensation of β‐pinene and paraformaldehyde. Our report exemplifies the advantages of MOFs over zeolites as solid catalysts in liquid‐phase reactions for the production of fine chemicals.
Electronic Elements Governing the Binding of Small Molecules to a [Fe]‐Hydrogenase Mimic
Authors: Wodrich Matthew D. , Hu Xile
Published: April 2013

[Fe]‐hydrogenase, one of three types of hydrogenases, activates molecular hydrogen. Here, using DFT computations, we examine the electronic elements governing the binding of small ligands to a recently synthesized [Fe]‐hydrogenase biomimic. Computed reaction free energies indicate that anionic species, such as CN– and H–, and π acceptors, such as CO, bind favourably with the Fe centre. Ligands such as H2O, CH3CN, and H2, however, do not bind iron. Protonation of an adjacent thiolate ligand on the mimic significantly increases the energies of ligand binding. Additional computational analysis reveals that the degree of electron donation from the ligand to the mimic correlates strongly with overall binding ability. The results give insights into the electronic elements of iron–small‐molecule interaction in these model complexes.
Enantioseparation of aromatic amino acids using CEC monolith with novel chiral selector, N‐methacryloyl‐l‐histidine methyl ester
Authors: Aydoğan Cemil , Yılmaz Fatma , Çimen Duygu , Uzun Lokman , Denizli Adil
Published: April 2013

A new type of polymethacrylate‐based monolithic column with chiral stationary phase was prepared for the enantioseparation of aromatic amino acids, namely d,l‐phenylalanine, d,l‐tyrosine, and d,l‐tryptophan by CEC. The monolithic column was prepared by in situ polymerization of butyl methacrylate (BMA), N‐methacryloyl‐l‐histidine methyl ester (MAH), and ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) in the presence of porogens. The porogen mixture included DMF and phosphate buffer. MAH was used as a chiral selector. FTIR spectrum of the polymethacrylate‐based monolith showed that MAH was incorporated into the polymeric structure via in situ polymerization. Some experimental parameters including pH, concentration of the mobile phase, and MAH concentration with regard to the chiral CEC separation were investigated. Single enantiomers and enantiomer mixtures of the amino acids were separately injected into the monolithic column. It was observed that l‐enantiomers of aromatic amino acids migrated before d‐enantiomers. The reversal enantiomer migration order for tryptophan was observed upon changing of pH. Using the chiral monolithic column (100 μm id and 375 μm od), the best chiral separation was performed in 35:65% ACN/phosphate buffer (pH 8.0, 10 mM) with an applied voltage of 12 kV in CEC. SEM images showed that the chiral monolithic column has a continuous polymeric skeleton and large through‐pore structure.
iMole, a web based image retrieval system from biomedical literature
Authors: Giordano Manuela , Natale Massimo , Cornaz Moreno , Ruffino Andrea , Bonino Dario , Bucci Enrico M.
Published: April 2013

iMole is a platform that automatically extracts images and captions from biomedical literature. Images are tagged with terms contained in figure captions by means of a sophisticate text‐mining tool. Moreover, iMole allows the user to upload directly their own images within the database and manually tag images by curated dictionary. Using iMole the researchers can develop a proper biomedical image database, storing the images extracted from paper of interest, image found on the web repositories, and their own experimental images. In order to show the functioning of the platform, we used iMole to build a 2DE database. Briefly, tagged 2DE gel images were collected and stored in a searchable 2DE gel database, available to users through an interactive web interface. Images were obtained by automatically parsing 16 608 proteomic publications, which yielded more than 16 500 images. The database can be further expanded by users with images of interest trough a manual uploading process. iMole is available with a preloaded set of 2DE gel data at http://imole.biodigitalvalley.com.
Detection of methane depletion associated with stratospheric intrusion by atmospheric infrared sounder (AIRS)
Authors: Xiong Xiaozhen , Barnet Chris , Maddy Eric , Wofsy S.C. , Chen Liangfu , Karion Anna , Sweeney Colm
Published: April 2013

Atmospheric methane (CH4) concentration in the mid‐to‐upper troposphere has been retrieved using atmospheric infrared sounder (AIRS) data on NASA EOS/AQUA. By selecting the AIRS strong CH4 absorption channels near 1306 cm−1, severe CH4 depletion was mapped during a stratospheric intrusion event on 27 March 2010. The areas with depleted CH4 mixing ratio are collocated with enhanced ozone (O3) and low tropopause height. Aircraft measurements observed the depleted CH4 and enhanced O3 down to 550 hPa. An estimate of the depleted CH4 amount which resulted from stratospheric intrusion is −54 to −67 Tg yr−1. This study suggests that the AIRS and/or other thermal infrared sounders can provide an observation of CH4 variation associated with stratospheric intrusion, a key unknown in CH4 budget, and this data set will be also useful for studying the stratosphere‐troposphere exchange (STE).
Effect of concentration and molecular weight of chitosan and its derivative on the free radical scavenging ability
Authors: Li Huili , Xu Qing , Chen Yun , Wan Ajun
Published: April 2013

Chitosan is a biodegradable and biocompatible natural scaffold material, which has numerous applications in biomedical sciences. In this study, thein vitroantioxidant activity of chitosan scaffold material was investigated by the chemiluminescence signal generated from the hydroxyl radical (•OH) scavenging assay. The scavenging mechanism was also discussed. The results indicated that the free radical scavenging ability of chitosan scaffold material significantly depends on the chitosan concentration and shows interesting kinetic change. Within the experimental concentration range, the optimal concentration of chitosan was 0.2 mg/mL. The molecular weight of chitosan also attributed to the free radical scavenging ability. Comparison between chitosan and its derivative found that carboxymethyl chitosan possessed higher scavenging ability. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 911–916, 2014.
Better early osteogenesis of electroconductive hydroxyapatite–calcium titanate composites in a rabbit animal model
Authors: Mallik Prafulla Kumar , Basu Bikramjit
Published: April 2013

In view of the fact that bone healing can be enhanced due to external electric field application, it is important to assess the influence of the implant conductivity on the bone regeneration in vivo. To address this issue, this study reports the in vivo biocompatibility property of multistage spark plasma sintered hydroxyapatite (HA)–80 wt % calcium titanate (CaTiO3) composites and monolithic HA, which have widely different conductivity property (14 orders of magnitude difference). The ability of bone regeneration was assessed by implantation in cylindrical femoral bone defects of rabbit animal model for varying time period of 1, 4, and 12 weeks. The overall assessment of the histology results suggests that the progressive healing of bone defects around HA–80 wt % CaTiO3 is associated with a better efficacy with respect to (w.r.t) early stage neobone formation, which is histomorphometrically around 140% higher than monolithic HA. Overall, this study demonstrates that the in vivo biocompatibility property of HA–80 wt % CaTiO3 with respect to local effects after 12 weeks of implantation is not compromised both qualitatively and quantitatively, and a comparison with control implant (HA) points toward the critical role of electrical conductivity on better early stage bone regeneration. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 842–851, 2014.
Excluding 4‐Wheels
Authors: Aboulker Pierre
Published: April 2013

A 4‐wheel is a graph formed by a cycle C and a vertex not in C that has at least four neighbors in C. We prove that a graph G that does not contain a 4‐wheel as a subgraph is 4‐colorable and we describe some structural properties of such a graph.
Hospital value‐based purchasing
Authors: Blumenthal Daniel , Jena Anupam B.
Published: April 2013

Hospital Value Based Purchasing (VBP) aims to incentivize inpatient providers to delivery high value, as opposed to high volume, health care. The formal mandate of hospitals to provide high value health care through financial incentives marks an important change in Medicare and Medicaid policy. In this opportune review of VBP, we discuss the relevant historical changes in the reimbursement environment of U.S. hospitals that have set the stage for VBP. We describe the structure of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' VBP program, with a focus on which hospitals are eligible to participate in the program, the specific outcomes measured and incentivized, how rewards and penalties are allocated, and how the program will be funded. In an effort to anticipate some of the issues that lie ahead, we then highlight a number of potential challenges to the success of VBP, and discuss how VBP will impact the delivery and reimbursement of inpatient care services. We conclude by examining how the VBP program is likely to evolve over time. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:271–277. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
On effective σ‐boundedness and σ‐compactness
Authors: Kanovei Vladimir , Lyubetsky Vassily
Published: April 2013

We prove several dichotomy theorems which extend some known results on σ‐bounded and σ‐compact pointsets. In particular we show that, given a finite number of \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\Delta ^{1}_{1}$\end{document} equivalence relations \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathrel {\mathsf {F}}_1,\dots ,\mathrel {\mathsf {F}}_n$\end{document}, any \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\Sigma ^{1}_{1}$\end{document} set A of the Baire space either is covered by compact \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\Delta ^{1}_{1}$\end{document} sets and lightface \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\Delta ^{1}_{1}$\end{document} equivalence classes of the relations \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathrel {\mathsf {F}}_i$\end{document}, or A contains a superperfect subset which is pairwise \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathrel {\mathsf {F}}_i$\end{document}‐inequivalent for all i = 1, …, n. Further generalizations to \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\Sigma ^{1}_{2}$\end{document} sets A are obtained.
Sihler staining study of anastomosis between the facial and trigeminal nerves in the ocular area and its clinical implications
Authors: Yang Hun‐Mu , Won Sung‐Yoon , Kim Hee‐Jin , Hu Kyung‐Seok
Published: April 2013

Introduction: The trigeminal nerve (CN V) supplies mostly sensory innervation to the face, and the facial nerve (CN VII) conveys primarily motor fibers. The aim of this study was to elucidate their distributions and anastomoses. Methods: Fourteen specimens of hemisectioned faces were gathered from human cadavers and stained with Sihler staining. Results: The temporal (Tbr), zygomatic (Zbr), and buccal (Bbr) branches of CN VII formed trigeminofacial anastomoses in the ocular area. Communications were observed between the supraorbital nerve and the Tbr (85.7%), the infraorbital nerve and the Bbr (100%) and Zbr (28.6%), and the zygomaticofacial nerve and the Zbr (41.7%). Anastomoses were formed between the supratrochlear nerve and the Tbr (57.1%) and Bbr (50%), and the infratrochlear nerve and the Bbr (85.7%). Conclusions: Motor and sensory axons to the face contribute to trigeminofacial anastomoses, which may play key roles in subtle movements of muscles of facial expression. Muscle Nerve 48: 545–550, 2013
Suppression of the LMP2A target gene, EGR‐1, protects Hodgkin's lymphoma cells from entry to the EBV lytic cycle
Authors: Vockerodt Martina , Wei Wenbin , Nagy Eszter , Prouzova Zuzana , Schrader Alexandra , Kube Dieter , Rowe Martin , Woodman Ciaran B , Murray Paul G
Published: April 2013

Hodgkin's lymphoma is unusual among B cell lymphomas, in so far as the malignant Hodgkin/Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells lack a functional B cell receptor (BCR), as well as many of the required downstream signalling components. In Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐positive cases of Hodgkin's lymphoma, HRS cells express the viral latent membrane proteins (LMP)‐1 and ‐2A. LMP2A is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of Hodgkin's lymphoma by providing a surrogate BCR‐like survival signal. However, LMP2A has also been shown to induce the virus‐replicative cycle in B cells, an event presumably incompatible with lymphomagenesis. In an attempt to resolve this apparent paradox, we compared the transcriptional changes observed in primary HRS cells with those induced by LMP2A and by BCR activation in primary human germinal centre (GC) B cells, the presumed progenitors of HRS cells. We found a subset of genes that were up‐regulated by both LMP2A expression and BCR activation but which were down‐regulated in primary HRS cells. These genes included EGR1, an immediate‐early gene that is required for BCR‐induced entry to the virus‐replicative cycle. We present data supporting a model for the pathogenesis of EBV‐positive Hodgkin's lymphoma in which LMP2A‐expressing HRS cells lacking BCR signalling functions cannot induce EGR1 and are consequently protected from entry to the virus lytic cycle. The primary microarray data are available from GEO (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) under series Accession No 46143. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A robust second‐generation genome‐wide test for fetal aneuploidy based on shotgun sequencing cell‐free DNA in maternal blood
Authors: Guex N. , Iseli C. , Syngelaki A. , Deluen C. , Pescia G. , Nicolaides K. H. , Xenarios I. , Conrad B.
Published: April 2013

What's already known about this topic?

Non‐invasive genome‐wide screening of fetal aneuploidy by shotgun sequencing cell‐free DNA in maternal blood has been shown to effectively identify fetal trisomy 21, but the performance of screening for other aneuploidies is variable.

What does this study add?

Optimizing all individual steps in the procedure and performing rigorous quality control provides a test capable of replacing invasive testing for the major aneuploidies.
Methodology of evaluation of abrasive tool wear with the use of laser scanning microscopy
Authors: Lipiński Dariusz , Kacalak Wojciech , Tomkowski Robert
Published: April 2013

Grinding is one of the basic precise material removal methods. Abrasive and shape wear, as well as smearing of the tools' active surface handicap the processing results. The loss of cutting capacity in abrasive tools or alteration of their shape influences the surface quality and precision of the workpiece dimensions and its shape. Evaluation of the abrasive tool surface is the basic criterion of forecasting the tools' durability and the process results. The applied method of laser SCANNING 36:53–63, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sample size determination for clustered count data
Authors: Amatya Anup , Bhaumik Dulal , Gibbons Robert D.
Published: April 2013

We consider the problem of sample size determination for count data. Such data arise naturally in the context of multicenter (or cluster) randomized clinical trials, where patients are nested within research centers. We consider cluster‐specific and population‐averaged estimators (maximum likelihood based on generalized mixed‐effect regression and generalized estimating equations, respectively) for subject‐level and cluster‐level randomized designs, respectively. We provide simple expressions for calculating the number of clusters when comparing event rates of two groups in cross‐sectional studies. The expressions we derive have closed‐form solutions and are based on either between‐cluster variation or intercluster correlation for cross‐sectional studies. We provide both theoretical and numerical comparisons of our methods with other existing methods. We specifically show that the performance of the proposed method is better for subject‐level randomized designs, whereas the comparative performance depends on the rate ratio for the cluster‐level randomized designs. We also provide a versatile method for longitudinal studies. Three real data examples illustrate the results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wafer‐Scale Patterning of Reduced Graphene Oxide Electrodes by Transfer‐and‐Reverse Stamping for High Performance OFETs
Authors: Lee Joong Suk , Kim Nam Hee , Kang Moon Sung , Yu Hojeong , Lee Dong Ryoul , Oh Joon Hak , Chang Suk Tai , Cho Jeong Ho
Published: April 2013

A wafer‐scale patterning method for solution‐processed graphene electrodes, named the transfer‐and‐reverse stamping method, is universally applicable for fabricating source/drain electrodes of n‐ and p‐type organic field‐effect transistors with excellent performance. The patterning method begins with transferring a highly uniform reduced graphene oxide thin film, which is pre‐prepared on a glass substrate, onto hydrophobic silanized (rigid/flexible) substrates. Patterns of the as‐prepared reduced graphene oxide films are then formed by modulating the surface energy of the films and selectively delaminating the films using an oxygen‐plasma‐treated elastomeric stamp with patterns. Reduced graphene oxide patterns with various sizes and shapes can be readily formed onto an entire wafer. Also, they can serve as the source/drain electrodes for benchmark n‐ and p‐type organic field‐effect transistors with enhanced performance, compared to those using conventional metal electrodes. These results demonstrate the general utility of this technique. Furthermore, this simple, inexpensive, and scalable electrode‐patterning‐technique leads to assembling organic complementary circuits onto a flexible substrate successfully.
Corporate Social Responsibility, Customer Trust, and Loyalty—Perspectives from a Developing Country
Authors: Azmat Fara , Ha Huong
Published: April 2013

Customer loyalty and trust are increasingly recognized as crucial for businesses to gain a unique and advantageous position over their competitors. In order to build customer loyalty and trust, businesses in developed countries are increasingly incorporating corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices in supply chains. While CSR is increasingly being considered in supply chains in developed countries, incorporating CSR practices in local supply chains presents a challenge in the context of developing countries and, as a topic, remains under‐researched. Drawing from the literature, this article presents a conceptual model with certain propositions to explain the contextual constraints of incorporating CSR practices in local supply chains in developing countries. These propositions are further strengthened by using a descriptive case of Bangladesh as an exemplar of developing countries. The article provides insights into the under‐researched area of the link between incorporation of CSR practices, customer loyalty, and trust in the context of developing countries and can be used as a catalyst for future research. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Charles Willems (1859–1930): Belgian Military and Academic Surgeon and First President of the International Society of Surgery
Authors: De Broe Luc , Liebermann‐Meffert Dorothea , Van Hee Robert
Published: April 2013

Belgian surgeon Charles Willems (1859–1930) played a prominent role in the founding of the Société Internationale de Chirurgie (International Society of Surgery), of which he became the first president in 1902. He kept the office until 1929, when illness obliged him to discontinue. He had an important military career in the Balkan War but especially during World War I. He later became Professor of Surgery at the University of Liège. He produced numerous scientific articles on various surgical subjects and even started a journal that was the forerunner of theWorld Journal of Surgery. The International Society of Surgery owes a lot to its first president.
Beak marks on butterfly wings with special reference to Japanese black swallowtail
Authors: Kiritani Keizi , Yamashita Hanae , Yamamura Kohji
Published: April 2013

Birds are believed to be one of the principal predators of butterflies. The beak marks (BMs) left on the butterfly wings are useful indices of bird predation. We performed 84 collections in grasslands and woodlands during 2002–2006 in Ito, Shizuoka prefecture, and collected 893 specimens belonging to 48 species. In general, the larger was the body size the higher was the BM rate. There were two peaks in the BM rate and the peaks were higher by 13–14 % in autumn than in spring in both grasslands and woodlands. During 2007 and 2008, capture‐mark‐recapture surveys were conducted 82 times in a flight path of black swallowtail butterflies (BSBs). A total of 443 BSB were individually marked and released at a site 400 m away from the flight path after examining for BM, degree of wing damage, body size, sex and species. The BM% of BSB ranged from 40 to 46 %, which was the highest among the observed butterflies. The recapture rate was negatively correlated with the BM rate suggesting that the avian predation was strong enough to affect the survival rate of BSB adults. In addition, the BM rate showed a delayed positive response to BSB density in the previous month. Variation in the BM rate was analyzed with a multivariate model; it indicated that month and wing length were significant explanatory variables. In addition, the highest BM rate was observed at an intermediate wing size. These results strongly suggested that variation in the BM rate was caused by variation in avian life history and predator size. All the evidence suggested that an appreciable predation pressure by birds operated on BSB adult populations.
Exploring the relationship between macrofungi diversity, abundance, and vascular plant diversity in semi‐natural and managed forests in north‐east Hungary
Authors: Rudolf Kinga , Morschhauser Tamás , Pál‐Fám Ferenc , Botta‐Dukát Zoltán
Published: April 2013

The diversity of easy‐to‐study organisms (e.g. vascular plants) is often used as a proxy for the diversity of other organisms whose investigation needs more effort, time and specialist knowledge. Some previous studies have found positive relationships between plant and macrofungal diversity and thus support this approach, while others question this practice. Our aim was to explore the possibility of using plant diversity as surrogate for macrofungal diversity in the forests of the Pannonian ecoregion. A total of 19 permanent plots in north‐east Hungary were sampled for vascular plants and macrofungi. The effect on macrofungal abundance and diversity, as well as degradation level, of plant evenness and richness was tested using generalized linear models. Species richness of macrofungi assemblages proved to be independent of the diversity and naturalness of vascular plant communities; however, there was congruence in the composition of the two communities. In contrast to diversity, macrofungi abundance was significantly negatively correlated to plant species richness. There was a hump‐backed relationship between the abundance of terricolous macrofungi and the degradation level estimated on the basis of the occurrence of vascular plants, although degradation did not influence the abundance of lignicolous macrofungi. Our results question the reliability of decisions on nature conservation actions based on a few groups of easy‐to‐observe organisms, and underline the necessity of studying as wide a range of taxonomic groups as possible.
The complete targeted profile of the organic acid intermediates of the citric acid cycle using a single stable isotope dilution analysis, sodium borodeuteride reduction and selected ion monitoring GC/MS
Authors: Mamer Orval , Gravel Simon-Pierre , Choinière Luc , Chénard Valérie , St-Pierre Julie , Avizonis Daina
Published: April 2013

The quantitative profiling of the organic acid intermediates of the citric acid cycle (CAC) presents a challenge due to the lack of commercially available internal standards for all of the organic acid intermediates. We developed an analytical method that enables the quantitation of all the organic acids in the CAC in a single stable isotope dilution GC/MS analysis with deuterium-labeled analogs used as internal standards. The unstable α-keto acids are rapidly reduced with sodium borodeuteride to the corresponding stable α-deutero-α-hydroxy acids and these, along with their unlabeled analogs and other CAC organic acid intermediates, are converted to their tert-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives. Selected ion monitoring is employed with electron ionization. We validated this method by treating an untransformed mouse mammary epithelial cell line with well-known mitochondrial toxins affecting the electron transport chain and ATP synthase, which resulted in profound perturbations of the concentration of CAC intermediates.
On the Applicability of the Regular Solution Theory to Multicomponent Systems
Authors: Schulz Erica P. , Rodriguez José Luis M. , Minardi Rosana M. , Miraglia Daniela B. , Schulz Pablo C.
Published: April 2013

The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of aqueous mixtures of decyl‐ (C10TAB), dodecyl‐ (C12TAB), and tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium (C14TAB) bromides has been studied in the complete triangular diagram. The results have been analyzed on the basis of the multicomponent regular solution theory for mixed micelles (MRST). It has been found that the mixtures of both, two or three components, contrary to the MRST theory assumptions, have a nonideal behavior. Both the experimental CMC, (CMCijk)exp, and that computed with the MRST, (CMCijk)calc), were lower than the ideal one, (CMCijk)id, indicating an attractive interaction. Moreover, in the majority of the triangular diagram (CMCijk)exp differs significantly from (CMCijk)calc. This suggests that the assumption in the MRST that the interaction among the three different homologue molecules in the mixed micelle computed using the binary regular solution theory interaction parameters obtained from binary mixtures may be an oversimplification. This has been reinforced by analysis of the intramicellar activity coefficients of components, indicating differences in the surrounding of the component molecules when they are in bi‐ or tricomponent micelles. The excess free energy of micellization in three‐component systems indicates that the more stable mixed micelles are those having an excess of the shorter components (C10TAB–C12TAB) and <50 % of the longer one (C14TAB). Furthermore, the common statement that mixtures of homologue surfactants are ideal is not supported by this work.
A longitudinal study of psychological functioning and academic attainment at the transition to secondary school
Authors: Riglin Lucy , Frederickson Norah , Shelton Katherine H. , Rice Frances
Published: April 2013

This longitudinal study of adolescents in the first year of secondary school, examined the relationship between psychological functioning at the beginning of year 7 (mean age 11.25 years) with attainment at the end of year 7 (mean age 11.78 years). Depressive symptoms, school liking and conduct problems predicted lower attainment across time having controlled for the temporal stability in psychological functioning and attainment. School concerns predicted lower attainment for boys only, and the effects of depressive symptoms on later attainment were significantly stronger for boys compared to girls. School liking – and school concerns for boys – remained significant predictors of attainment when controlling for conduct problems. The transition to secondary school may represent a window of opportunity for developing interventions aimed at improving both pupil psychological functioning and attainment.
WKYMVm‐induced cross‐talk between FPR2 and HGF receptor in human prostate epithelial cell line PNT1A
Authors: Cattaneo Fabio , Parisi Melania , Ammendola Rosario
Published: April 2013

Cross‐communication between GPCRs and TKRs represents a mechanism to amplify the information exchange throughout the cell. We show that WKYMVm, an FPR2 agonist, induces the phosphorylation of Y1313/Y1349/Y1356 residues of c‐Met and triggers some of the molecular responses elicited by c‐Met/HGF binding, such as STAT3, PLC‐γ1/PKCα and PI3K/Akt pathways. The critical role of NADPH oxidase‐dependent superoxide generation in this cross‐talk mechanism is supported by the finding that blockade of NADPH oxidase function prevents c‐Met trans‐phosphorylation and the downstream signalling cascade. These results highlight the function of FPR2 to activate a interconnected signalling network and suggest novel possibilities for therapeutic interventions.
Six amino acids define a minimal dimerization sequence and stabilize a transmembrane helix dimer by close packing and hydrogen bonding
Authors: Weber Mathias , Schneider Dirk
Published: April 2013

Distinct amino acid sequences have been described to mediate oligomerization of transmembrane α‐helices. However, as the sequence context is crucial to determine specificity in transmembrane helix–helix interaction, the question arises how small a sequence can be without losing specificity. In the present analysis, six amino acids have been identified in the PsbF transmembrane helix dimer, which form the contact region of two interacting helices and are directly involved in helix–helix interactions. However, individual amino acids within the complex sequence pattern only together ensure sequence specificity of the analyzed transmembrane helix–helix interactions by mediating close packing and inter‐helical hydrogen bonding.
Hepatitis C virus targets the interferon‐α JAK/STAT pathway by promoting proteasomal degradation in immune cells and hepatocytes
Authors: Stevenson Nigel J. , Bourke Nollaig M. , Ryan Elizabeth J. , Binder Marco , Fanning Liam , Johnston James A. , Hegarty John E. , Long Aideen , O‧Farrelly Cliona
Published: April 2013

JAK/STAT signalling is essential for anti‐viral immunity, making IFN‐α an obvious anti‐viral therapeutic. However, many HCV+ patients fail treatment, indicating that the virus blocks successful IFN‐α signalling. We found that STAT1 and STAT3 proteins, key components of the IFN‐α signalling pathway were reduced in immune cells and hepatocytes from HCV infected patients, and upon HCV expression in Huh7 hepatocytes. However, STAT1 and STAT3 mRNA levels were normal. Mechanistic analysis revealed that in the presence of HCV, STAT3 protein was preferentially ubiquitinated, and degradation was blocked by the proteasomal inhibitor MG132. These findings show that HCV inhibits IFN‐α responses in a broad spectrum of cells via proteasomal degradation of JAK/STAT pathway components.