bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical, Rheological, and Thermal Properties of Pot-Honey from the Stingless Bee Melipona beecheii
Authors: Yah-Rosales Larry , Chel-Guerrero Luis , Sacramento-Rivero Julio , Baz-Rodríguez Sergio A.
Published: January 2024

The availability of data on physicochemical properties is crucial to direct efforts towards identifying the quality standards of the Neotropical stingless bee Melipona beecheii’s pot-honey. In this vein, other properties apart from those typically considered for Apis mellifera could also be relevant in characterizing the honey of this stingless bee. The physicochemical, rheological, and thermal properties of pot-honey from Melipona beecheii (Yucatán, México) were analyzed. Samples were collected from two annual harvests (2018 and 2019) and from a rural and an urban location. Free acidity, moisture, total reducing sugars, diastase activity, hydroxymethylfurfural content, and electrical conductivity were measured using standard techniques. The rheological and thermal behaviors were determined via Couette rheometry and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. The physicochemical properties of Melipona beecheii pot-honey can be incorporated into a general quality specification for honey of the Neotropical Melipona genus, or as the basis for a regional (Mesoamerican) standardization of honey from this particular bee species. The rheological analyses indicated the Newtonian behavior of Melipona honey in the full studied range of 10-40 °C (7,545-244 cp), showing dynamic viscosities significantly lower than those expected for Apis mellifera honey, primarily due to its high water content. Two main endothermic transitions were detected via differential scanning calorimetry: at 96-162 °C and at 169-230 °C. The Apis mellifera honey samples showed the same thermal transitions but differed from Melipona beecheii honey in their peak temperatures and enthalpies.
Asentamientos informales, regularización y riesgo de desastres en el periurbano del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito - Colinas del Norte
Authors: Córdova Marco , Egas Montenegro Andrea Estefanía , Menoscal Cevallos Jonathan Javier
Published: January 2024

Los asentamientos informales en América Latina generalmente presentan altos niveles de vulnerabilidad en la medida en que se encuentran ubicados en zonas de multiamenaza. Frente a esta problemática, se plantea analizar de qué manera se ha construido el riesgo de desastres en el periurbano de la ciudad de Quito. Mediante un diseño metodológico de carácter mixto, se analiza el caso de la parroquia el Condado y el barrio Colinas del Norte. La información cualitativa, cuantitativa y socioespacial procesada permite evidenciar en distintas escalas que, si bien las políticas de regularización han logrado formalizar la tenencia y propiedad del sector, su legalización no ha revertido las condiciones de riesgo y, por el contrario, ha reproducido y generado otro tipo de vulnerabilidades físicas y sociales.
Relatos que definen la región: procesos de regionalización recientes en la subregión de Soto Norte (Santander) y suroeste (Antioquia) colombiano
Authors: Gómez Ospina Luis Hernando , Rueda Pimiento Oscar Eduardo , Flórez Tapias Diana Libeth
Published: January 2024

Esta investigación tiene como contexto cuatro municipios de la provincia de Soto Norte en Santander y del Suroccidente Antioqueño. Aborda el concepto de región a partir de símbolos, narrativas e imaginarios colectivos, talleres de cartografía social e información registrada en los planes de desarrollo y ordenación territorial, con el objetivo de comprender el proceso de configuración territorial y regional. Los datos obtenidos se analizan desde un enfoque sociológico comprensivo y descriptivo, para ser organizados en dos escalas de análisis: una de contexto y una microterritorio. La escala de contexto consiste en reconocer las dinámicas internas del área de estudio en sus procesos e interacciones endógenas; la segunda escala de análisis se denomina microterritorio, pues se acerca a las organizaciones de segundo orden en la región y reconoce sus dinámicas internas. Los resultados evidencian la importancia de incluir la espacialidad de lo social como categoría de análisis complementaria en los procesos de planificación y delimitación de las regiones implementados por las administraciones de ambos departamentos. Ello supone estudiar el espacio como un producto social, que, en los contextos abordados, se asocia a la noción de territorio hodológico, a la cotidianidad y al carácter contingente bajo el cual estas realidades se manifiestan.
El gas natural como combustible puente: Vaca Muerta en un escenario de transición energética
Authors: Wyczykier Gabriela , Acacio Juan Antonio
Published: January 2024

El artículo indaga en los debates y controversias que emergen en torno a la posibilidad de que el gas natural oficie como combustible puente en un contexto global de transición energética. Se consideran los problemas ligados con las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y los impactos territoriales de los megaproyectos que se requieren para su producción. En particular, se problematizan estas cuestiones respecto de la extracción de hidrocarburos no convencionales en Vaca Muerta, una formación geológica ubicada en la zona norpatagónica de Argentina. En un contexto marcado por el agravamiento de la crisis socioecológica, se propone reflexionar sobre la expectativa nacional existente alrededor de estos recursos fósiles para satisfacer la demanda del mercado interno y fortalecer la exportación. El trabajo es resultado de una investigación con orientación cualitativa, privilegiando el análisis de fuentes secundarias como documentos, informes, legislaciones, declaraciones públicas de actores relevantes y bibliografía especializada sobre la problemática, sustentada también en observaciones de campo realizadas entre el 2019 y el 2021 en la provincia de Neuquén.
Determinación de lesiones congénitas en encéfalo en canes mediante resonancia magnética en Quito, Ecuador
Authors: Parra-Guayasamín S.G. , Estrella-Silva M. V. , González–Puetate I. R.
Published: January 2024

El objetivo de este estudio retrospectivo fue determinar malformaciones congénitas mediante resonancia magnética en 147 canes sometidos a un estudio de encéfalo por recomendación médica entre 2017 y 2022 en Quito, Ecuador. El resultado fue relacionado con el sexo, la edad y la raza de cada paciente. Se identificaron 16 pacientes mediante resonancia magnética con presencia de malformaciones congénitas. El grupo etario para estas patologías fue entre los 3 meses y 7 años y solo se encontró 1 paciente mayor de 7 años. La lesión que se diagnosticó con más frecuencia fue hidrocefalia, 8,2% (n=12/147); seguida por malformación de Chiari–Like, 1,4% (n=2/147); un diagnóstico de disgenesia de cuerpo calloso, 0,7% (n=1/147); y 1 caso de alteración del septum pellucidum, 0,7% (n=1/147). La hidrocefalia se presentó con mayor frecuencia entre los 3 meses y los 7 años en perros de raza Pug, Bulldog Inglés y braquiocefálicos. En segundo lugar, están las malformaciones de Chiari, cuya edad de diagnóstico fue de 1 a 7 años, diagnosticadas en un paciente braquiocefálico de raza Chihuahua y un paciente mesocefálico de raza Yorkshire Terrier. Las lesiones diagnosticadas con mayor frecuencia fueron la hidrocefalia (8,2%) y malformación de Chiari (1,4%), con una edad de aparición en su mayoría hasta los 7 años.
Antibiotics for veterinary use registered in Guatemala
Authors: Medina-Arellano D. , Chang D. E. , Mejía–Recinos D. , Arango–Gramajo A. , Cuetto L. , Martínez–Ocampo J. , Steffes N.
Published: January 2024

The description and analysis of the different antibiotics registered in a country allow establishment of criteria on their use, species, and routes of administration, which translates into better controls for the entities in  stakeholders. This study is the first report of antibiotics for veterinary use in Guatemala and was carried out through data mining and analysis of the same through Principal Component Analysis, where the registration of 141 molecules of antibiotics and their combinations was exhibited, in which enrofloxacin (10.26%) and oxytetracycline (9.01%) stand out as the antibiotics with the largest number of registrations in the country and the most used in food-producing species, specifically cattle, pigs, and poultry.
First detection of a cefiderocol-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolate in Bulgaria
Authors: Strateva Tanya , Peykov Slavil
Published: January 2024

Cefiderocol (CFDC) is a first-in-class siderophore cephalosporin with potent activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria including carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. The present study aimed to explore the CFDC resistance mechanisms of an extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii isolate from Bulgaria. The A. baumannii Aba52 strain (designated Aba52) was obtained in 2018 from a blood sample of a critically ill patient. The methodology included antimicrobial susceptibility testing, whole-genome sequencing (WGS), reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), multilocus sequence typing, and phylogenomic analysis. The isolate demonstrated high-level resistance to CFDC (MIC = 64 mg L−1), resistance to carbapenems, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and tigecycline, as well as susceptibility only to colistin. WGS-based resistome analysis revealed the existence of blaOXA-23, blaOXA-66 and blaADC-73. Seven non-conservative missense mutations affecting iron transport-related genes were detected: exbD4 (p.Ser61Pro), tonB2 (p.Ala268Val), bauA (p.Thr61Ala), ftsI (p.Ala515Val), piuA (p.Gly216Val), and feoB (p.Ser429Pro and p.Thr595Ala). A variety of virulence factors associated with adherence, biofilm formation, enzyme production, immune invasion, iron uptake, quorum sensing, and two-component regulatory systems were identified, suggesting a significant pathogenic potential of Aba52. The performed RT-qPCR analysis showed diminished (0.17) and absent expression of the pirA and piuA genes, respectively, encoding TonB-dependent siderophore receptors. Aba52 belonged to the widespread high-risk sequence type ST2 (Pasteur scheme). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case of CFDC-resistant A. baumannii in Bulgaria even though, CFDC has never been applied in our country. The emerging resistance highlights the crucial need for nationwide surveillance targeting the implementation of novel antibiotics.
Content and effectiveness of TVET teacher CPD in Kenya
Authors: Njenga Moses
Published: January 2024

Continuing Professional Development (CPD) for teachers can improve teaching and wider school practices. However, within developing country contexts, research on the CPD practices of vocational teachers remains limited. This study therefore investigated the CPD practices of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) teachers in Kenya, focusing on the content, outcomes and effectiveness of their CPD practices. Adopting a questionnaire survey approach, data was collected from 170 TVET teachers drawn from six TVET institutes in Kenya's Nairobi Metropolitan Area.

TVET teachers in Kenya were found to more frequently focus their CPD on subject content knowledge and less frequently on pedagogical knowledge. Their CPD activities are not always effective as the CPD activities often do not involve active learning and collaboration, and are not always of sufficient duration. Cluster analysis showed that for some teachers, CPD activities are rarely effective and result in limited impact on practice. However, Initial Teacher Education was found to encourage teachers to focus on broader content and to adopt more effective CPD practices.

To improve the effectiveness of TVET teacher CPD practices in Kenya, it is recommended that TVET teachers in Kenya are supported to adopt active and collaborative learning activities that are spread over extended time durations.
Phage therapy in lung infections caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa – A literature review
Authors: Eiselt Vincent A. , Bereswill Stefan , Heimesaat Markus M.
Published: January 2024

Pulmonary infections of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) or in intensive care units are frequently caused by the Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Since these bacteria are commonly inherently multidrug-resistant (MDR) and hence, antibiotic treatment options are limited, bacteriophages may provide alternative therapeutic and prophylactic measures in the combat of pneumonia caused by P. aeruginosa. This prompted us to perform a comprehensive literature survey of current knowledge regarding effects of phages applied against pulmonary P. aeruginosa infections. The included 23 studies revealed that P. aeruginosa specific phages lyse and eliminate the bacteria even in case of biofilm production in vitro, whereas application to mice and men resulted in mitigated P. aeruginosa induced clinical signs and enhanced survival. Besides distinct host immune responses, no major adverse effects limiting therapeutic and/or prophylactic phage application were noted. However, the immune system and antibiotics generate synergies with phages due to the mutable sensitivity of P. aeruginosa. In conclusion, results summarized in this review provide evidence that phages constitute promising alternative treatment options for lung infections caused by MDR P. aeruginosa. Further studies are needed, however, to underscore the efficacy and safety aspects of phages application to infected patients including immune-compromised individuals.
Effect of Residual Bone Height and Implant Macro-Design on Primary Stability in Sinus Floor Elevation: An Ex Vivo Study
Authors: Tokuc Berkay , Çakır Merve , Yalçın Ülker Gül Merve , Geçkili Onur , Meral Deniz Gökçe , Kan Bahadır
Published: January 2024

The objective was to evaluate the influence of residual bone height (RBH) and implant macro-design on the primary stability (PS) of implants using a simultaneous sinus floor elevation (SFE) and implant insertion model. Fresh bovine rib samples that resembled type-IV density that were confirmed by computerized tomography were prepared to represent 4 groups of varying RBHs (3, 6, 9, 15 mm). To simulate simultaneous implant insertion with SFE, 120 implants in different macro-designs (group R: NobelReplace; group P: NobelParallel; group A: NobelActive, Nobel Biocare, Gothenburg, Sweden) were randomly inserted at RBHs of 3, 6, 9, and 15 mm in each rib. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) was measured immediately after implant insertion. RBH and implant macro-design have an impact on ISQ values (P < .001). ISQ values were the highest with RBH of 15 mm, followed by RBHs of 9, 6, and 3 mm. (P < .001). There was no statistically significant difference between different implant macro-designs at RBHs of 3 and 15 mm regarding ISQ values (P = .111, P = .551). ISQ values of group P were higher than those of group R and group A at an RBH of 6 mm (P = .049, P = .029). ISQ values were also higher in group P compared to group A at an RBH of 9 mm (P = .006). A higher PS may be expected in sites with higher RBH, regardless of the macro-design. In addition, cylindric implant design may enhance the PS at RBHs of 6 and 9 mm in simultaneous implant insertion with SFE.
Citizen Service Quality Standard: Its Levels of Implementation and Satisfaction as Perceived by Clients, Deped-Tagbilaran City
Authors: Estoria-Maquiling Liza
Published: January 2024

Service Quality Standards (SQSs) mean the level of management and organization service unit requirements. The study investigated the Department of Education (DepEd) Tagbilaran City Division frontline services. The study is descriptive-comparative in gathering data through modified tools to measure the levels of implementation, satisfaction, and problems encountered by internal and external DepEd stakeholders in its service transactions. With the overall number of 956, a sample size of 536 was randomly selected (2.81% margin of error at 95% confidence interval). It used Spearman Rank Chi-Square, Mann Whitney Test, and Kruskal Wallis. The Chi-Square test results revealed that an association exists between the position of respondents (X2 (14) =24.396, p<0.05) and the classification of respondents (X2 (2) = 10.568, p<0.05) with their level of satisfaction. The Spearman Rank test showed a significant positive correlation between implementation and satisfaction (rs (534) =0.657, p<0.05). The Mann-Whitney test results revealed that internal stakeholders (Mdn = 3.25) have higher satisfaction as compared to external stakeholders (Mdn = 3.00), U (267,269) = 31380.500, z = -2.532, p<0.05. Although it fully implemented its service quality standard, it falls short in some service domains in that clients were moderately satisfied with their frontline services.
E-Class Record for Basic Education Department, University of Bohol, Tagbilaran City
Authors: Guirit Alfredo
Published: January 2024

E-class record systems offer easy data management and record-keeping for teachers, allowing for tracking and analysis of student success. A study aims to create, test, and develop a web-based e-class record for the University of Bohol Basic Education Department in Tagbilaran City for the 2024–2025 academic year. The study assesses the ISO-based quality of two e-class record formats and evaluates instructors' Excel and Google Sheets skills. The study examines the link between software quality and instructor technical knowledge and the quality differences between old and new e-class records. The study uses an ISO 9126 software quality model and a descriptive survey to assess the effectiveness of the proposed e-class record. However, the study found that respondents had limited knowledge of Microsoft Excel and Google Sheets, suggesting the need for a web-based e-class record with analytics.
Social Support in Relation to Self-Management Behaviors Among Diabetic Individuals of Poblacion II, Tagbilaran City, Bohol
Authors: Muring Richelle Grace , Duroy Emma Sapphire , Apor Dawn Suzette , Torrefranca Jana Zin Mae , Inson Fritz , Edel Nadith , Aresgado Christine Xyrill , Muring Joyrealou , Oracion Xenita Vera , Domapias Lalaine
Published: January 2024

This study delves into the relationship between social support and self-management behaviors among diabetic individuals in Poblacion II, Tagbilaran City, Bohol. Employing a descriptive correlational survey design and a stratified sampling method, 48 respondents were selected, revealing that a majority were middle to older adults, married, and residing below the official poverty threshold. Hypertension emerged as the predominant comorbidity, affecting 75% of respondents. Examining social support dimensions, the study found a moderate level across most aspects, except for smoking, which displayed lower support. Remarkably, the overall self-management level among respondents was very good. Significant relationships were identified between social support and self-management practices, particularly concerning Alcoholism/Drug Addiction, Obesity, and Stroke. The study rejects the null hypothesis, establishing a significant correlation (p-value – 0.001) between social support and diabetes self-management practices. Recommendations include tailored assessments considering comorbidities, emphasizing newly adopted practices, and implementing targeted programs like teleconsultations and a "buddy system" for specific demographics. This research contributes valuable insights for healthcare professionals and policymakers, urging a holistic approach to diabetes management that integrates social support dynamics.
Students’ Motivation Towards Academic Achievement in Relation to Engagement in Community Services of Secondary Schools
Authors: Manuta Darelle Ainee
Published: January 2024

The study was conducted to determine the students’ level of motivation towards academic achievement in relation to level of engagement in community services of secondary schools in Tagbilaran City, Bohol, SY 2019-2020. Findings revealed that the level of students’ motivation towards academic achievement in the three aspects of striving for excellence, desire to learn, and personal incentives is Moderately Motivated while their level of engagement in community services in the three dimensions of motivation, benefits, and areas of interest is Moderately Engaged. The students’ level of academic achievement during the first and second quarter of S.Y. 2019-2020 is Very Satisfactory. There is a significant degree of correlation between students’ level of motivation and level of academic achievement, students’ level of motivation and engagement in community services, and students’ level of motivation towards academic achievement and level of engagement in community services. Moreover, there is a significant degree of difference between the public and private schools’ responses as to level of motivation towards academic achievement while no significant degree of difference between the public and private schools’ responses as to the level of engagement in community services. It implies that there is a need to improve students’ level of motivation, level of academic achievement, and level of engagement to a higher level.
Ancillary Services in Relation to Teaching Efficiency among Public School Teachers in Candijay District, Bohol
Authors: Campoamor Amelita
Published: January 2024

Ancillary services are additional tasks performed by teachers to support the instructional framework and school operations. Teaching efficiency refers to the ability of the teacher to achieve desired learning outcomes while making the best use of available resources and time. The study aimed to assess the teachers’ extent of ancillary services about teaching efficiency among public elementary school teachers of Candijay District, Bohol, using descriptive and correlational quantitative designs to gather data from a complete enumeration of 162 public elementary school teachers in the said district. The chi-square test, Pearson product-moment correlation, and ANOVA were used in formulating the hypothesis. The study found that the extent of perceived ancillary services among elementary teachers in Candijay District was moderately evident, and their teaching efficiency was highly efficient. Age, sex, civil status, position, and years of experience did not significantly affect the extent of ancillary services, except for the highest educational attainment. Similarly, the teacher’s profile did not significantly affect teaching efficiency, However, there was a significant correlation between the extent of ancillary services and teaching efficiency. The study also identified significant variations among the six dimensions of teachers’ extent of ancillary services and the seven dimensions of teaching efficiency. These results could be useful for creating policies and programs to enhance the quality of education in Candijay District, Bohol.
Specyficzne słownictwo kulinarne. „Diabelskie” nazwy ciast, ciastek i deserów
Authors: Dźwigoł Renata
Published: January 2024

The object of description in this paper are names of cakes, cookies and desserts, excerpted from culinary recipes published in Internet sources (Internet cookery books, web portals and blogs, Youtube channel), which are motivated by a semantic reference to the demon of evil – devil. Apart from the semantic motivation of terms (which is more complex than the motivation of other “devilish” names of dishes), their form and status in the Polish language have been analysed.
Kompetencja fleksyjna osób niemownych
Authors: Michalik Mirosław
Published: January 2024

The content of this paper constitutes an introduction to the issue known as inflectional competence, which refers to people affected by speech inability. Inflectional competence is based on the theory and practice of internal grammar, thanks to which it is treated as a brain function, a component of the subconscious mechanism of composing linguistic elements, a kind of competence which enables, above all, the reception of inflectional forms that signal syntactic functions and contribute semantic information. Such an approach makes it possible to relate the inflectional competence to people who are prelingually deprived of the gift of speech (in this context language), and hence, do not take up activities which a speaking person performs with the use of language. At the same time they do not recognise reality at the level of language-able people and do not convey its interpretation to other participants of social life. In the applicational part of the work, attention was paid to the very process of equipping a prelingually language-disabled person in inflectional competence, which takes place with the use of therapeutic systems and methods that belong to the sphere of activity known as Augmentative and Alternative Communication.
Antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of oxygen therapy
Authors: Seledtsov V. I. , Dorzhieva A. B. , Seledtsova G. V.
Published: January 2024

It is well known that ischemia and hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment promote tumor progression. Оxygen deficiency in tumor microenvironment polarizes cancer cell metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to the aerobic mode (Warburg effect) and anaerobic glycolysis. This altered carbohydrate metabolism is characterized by low energy efficiency and excessive glucose consumption. Under hypoxic conditions, the antioxidant protection of malignant cells becomes weaker, thus causing a sufficient increase of their susceptibility to direct toxic effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In clinical practice, oxygen saturation of tumors is usually achieved by using water-soluble ozone or hyperbaric oxygen. The ROS are shown to be produced by oxidative burst, thus being able to enhance antitumor effects of chemoradiotherapy. The immune cell-derived ROS were shown to directly inhibit tumor growth. In addition, ROS provide additional immune stimulation through the induction of mutagenesis in the tumor cells and production of immunogenic neoantigens. ROS may also enhance antitumor immune defense by inducing synthesis of interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-2 and IL-6 by immune cells. Moreover, ROS may exert a negative effect on antitumor immunity. In particular, they are able to: (I) favor the recruitment and accumulation of regulatory T cells (Treg) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the tumor microenvironment; (II) promote accumulation of alternatively activated (M2) macrophages and (N2) neutrophils, and, (III) impair presentation of immunogenic antigens (Ag) by dendritic cells. We suggest that the maximal clinical effect of oxygen therapy could be achieved in case of its simultaneous or sequential combination with immunotherapeutic interventions.

The authors conclude that:

–         oxidative stress-induced reactive oxygen species may preferentially damage tumour cells without significantly affecting normal cells;

–         oxygen therapy may potentiate anti-tumour effects of chemoradiotherapy;

–         oxygen therapy could be effectively combined with immunotherapy to achieve maximal anticancer effects with minimal side effects.
Cytokine production by blood cells and tumor samples and its coupling to microRNA expression in breast cancer patients
Authors: Studenikina A. A. , Perepechaeva M. L. , Mikhaylova E. S. , Varaksin N. A. , Autenshlyus A. I.
Published: January 2024

Breast tumors show a complex structure and are highly heterogeneous. The study of cytokines, which exert great influence on tumor cells, and microRNAs, which, along with their influence on the proliferation and migration of neoplastic cells, may affect the work of cytokines, will contribute to a deeper understanding of pathological processes occurring in breast cancer. The aim of our work was to analyze the relationship of cytokine production with expression of miR-181a and miR-25in patients with invasive breast carcinoma of a non-specific type (IBC NST) with various molecular subtypes.

Patients with IBC NST were divided into five subgroups according to the molecular genetics subtype of the tumor classified by immunohistochemical analysis of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone (PR), epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) and proliferation marker Ki-67. Using enzyme immunoassay, the concentration of 14 cytokines was determined in the supernatants of immunocompetent blood cells and tumors: IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IL-18, IL-1β, IL-1ra, TNFα, IFNγ, G-CSF, GM-CSF, VEGF and MCP-1. The expression of miR-181a and miR-25 microRNAs isolated from the patients’ blood serum was evaluated using digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR).

In the luminal A subtype, cytokine concentrations and expression of miR-181a and miR-25 are significantly lower compared to other subtypes. Patients with the luminal B HER2-negative subtype were characterized by significantly increased expression of both studied microRNAs, especially when compared with the luminal A subtype. At the same time, patients with a triple negative molecular subtype, on the contrary, were characterized by high concentrations of cytokines in the supernatants of tumor samples and blood cells compared to   other subtypes. In the general group of patients with IBC NST, direct correlations were found between the expression of both studied microRNAs and the concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the supernatant of tumor samples, which may presume mutual interactions existing between miR-181a and miR-25, and the process of angiogenesis in the tumor.

The levels of cytokines in blood supernatants and tumors in invasive breast carcinoma may vary, depending on distinct molecular subtypes of the tumor. Moreover, they also have direct links with the levels of miR-181a and miR-25 in blood serum. Particularly noteworthy were the results of measuring the cytokines and microRNAs concentrations in luminal A, luminal B HER2-negative and triple negative molecular subtypes.
Effects of glycodelin on CCR6+ cell subpopulations of Th17-polarized helper T cells
Authors: Timganova V. P. , Zamorina S. A. , Bochkova Ma. S. , Shardina K. Yu. , Uzhviyuk S. V. , Kropaneva M. D. , Rayev M. B.
Published: January 2024

Glycodelins, the glycosylated proteins of reproductive tract are characterized by immunomodulatory functions, are of interest because of their role in the development of immune tolerance. Interleukin-17-producing T helpers (Th17) bearing the surface marker CCR6, are a heterogeneous cell population with increased plasticity and functional dichotomy. On the one hand, these cells support antimicrobial and antifungal immunity and microbiota composition; on the other hand, they are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, graft rejection, and pregnancy complications. Despite the scientific interest in glycodelin as an immunomodulator, its direct effects on pro-inflammatory Th17 have  not been studied. Therefore, the aim of our work was to investigate the effect of recombinant human glycodelin on Th17 polarization of naïve human T helper cells cells by assessing surface expression of CCR6, CCR4, and CXCR3  molecules. Naïve T helper cells were polarized for 7 days in vitro to Th17 cells with a TCR activator and cytokines for 7 days, supplemented with glycodelin at concentrations appropriate for the 1st and 2nd trimesters of pregnancy. The percentages of CD4+CCR6+ cell population (Th17 cells), and their CCR4+CXCR3-(Th17/Th22) and CCR4-CXC3+ subpopulations (Th17.1) was then determined. Moreover, the levels of IL-17, IL-2, and other cytokines/chemokines were determined in the culture supernatants of Th17-polarized T helper cells. Treatment with recombinant glycodelin at concentrations equivalent to those in pregnancy (0.2, 2, and 10 μg/mL) did not alter the percentage of CD4+CCR6+ cells in culture, or their IL-17 production. However,  at a concentration of 10 μg/mL, it caused a decrease in Th17.1 (CCR6+CCR4-CXCR3+) percentage in the T helper culture, and increased the production of IL-2. In addition, glycodelin was found to have selective pro-apoptotic activity against Th17.1 if applied at 2 μg/mL. Given the known involvement of these cells in pathological processes, the observed effect of glycodelin could be of interest from a biopharmaceutical perspective. However, the mechanism of the revealed selective effects of this pregnancy protein needs further investigation.
Mast cell activation syndrome: A new outlook
Authors: Mikryukova N. V. , Kalinina N. M.
Published: January 2024

Mast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS) is a severe relapsing disease requiring inpatient treatment, with clinical pattern including the features of anaphylaxis. The article presents diagnostic criteria aimed for differentiation of MCAS from similar severe conditions as well as discusses local forms of mast cell activation. The consensus group has established distinct criteria for diagnosing MCAS. The agreed criteria include episodic (recurrent) occurrence of typical systemic symptoms caused by release of mast cell mediators and involve, at least, two organs; an increase in serum tryptase level by, at least, 20% over individual baseline tryptase plus  2 ng/mL tryptase during 3-4 hours of the pathological reaction; a positive response to drugs that either target mast cells mediators, or their effects. In principle, the classification of MCAS is based on its etiology being subdivided into primary (clonal) MCAS, secondary MCAS, and idiopathic MCAS. The primary MCAS is determined by clonal expansion of mast cells and is considered systemic mastocytosis. In secondary MCAS, normal mast cells are activated by the known triggers, e.g., IgE. If neither clonal expansion nor a trigger for mast cells activation are identified, the condition is defined as idiopathic MCAS.

The new COVID-19 infection has attracted particular interest in MCAS, since the severe course of COVID-19 was thought to develop due to latent MCAS, but the criteria for MCAS in these patients were not reproduced. In the presence of local symptoms, such as urticaria, or in cases of single-organ involvement, e.g., isolated gastrointestinal symptoms, and suspected mast cell activation being basic to pathogenesis, the term mast cell activation disorder was introduced. Moreover, the article discusses several different mediators that are proposed as markers in the diagnosis of MCAS.

However, over-diagnosis of MCAS entails the risk of missing the underlying pathology, which is not associated with MCAS, and requires differential diagnosis with a number of diseases. In the absence of severe attacks (with hypotension and shock), the likelihood of MCAS is generally very low. Of course, the patients with mastocytosis and/or confirmed IgE-dependent allergy are at higher risk of developing MCAS, but a   key diagnostic marker is an event-related increase in mast cells tryptase from baseline determined over the asymptomatic period. The diagnosis of MCAS is highly likely if the tryptase level rises above a certain threshold (20% of baseline plus 2 ng/mL).
Prospects for the development of adaptive medical immunology
Authors: Nesterova I. V. , Tataurschikova N. S.
Published: January 2024

The processes of adaptation of the human immune system to negative internal and external influences, including stress, infectious, environmental factors, are controlled by the neuroimmunoendocrine complex (NIEC). The normal functioning of the NIEC is the close interaction between the nervous, immune and endocrine systems. The normal NIEC allows the immune system show its adaptive capabilities, remain resistant to various negative influences, while maintaining the ability to repel attacks of various pathogens, neutralize allergic and autoimmune reactions. In case of violations of the normal functioning of the NIEC, adaptive processes in the immune system, the interaction of the immune, nervous and endocrine systems suffer, which leads to persistent violations of the functioning of the immune system and can manifest the formation of diseases of the immune system, including acquired immunodeficiency. We have justified the need to create a new promising scientific direction – adaptive medical immunology, which is based on the study of the features of disorders of the human immune system under acute or chronic exposure to negative internal and external, stressful, infectious, urban factors, resulting in a “breakdown of the adaptive capabilities of the immune system” and, as a result, the diseases exist of the immune system, including acquired immunodeficiency and related immune-dependent diseases. The aim of adaptive medical immunology is to develop an algorithm for complex immunodiagnostics and to create integrative interdisciplinary programs for correction immune system, including immunotherapeutic approaches that affect acquired disorders and restore an adaptive activities of the immune system. The main task is the restoration of an adequate response of the immune system to the existing atypically occurring acute or chronic infectious and inflammatory process, as well as the leveling of disorders of the nervous and endocrine systems with restoration their balanced interaction in the NIEC. Such an integration approach contributes to the restoration of the normal functioning of the immune system, the formation of positive clinical efficacy and the exit of patients into long-term clinical remission. Another task of adaptive medical immunology is the creation of promising innovative diagnostic technologies and, on this basis, the development of new integration programs for targeted restoration of damage to the immune system, as well as the nervous and endocrine systems in immunocompromised patients suffering from various immune-dependent diseases.
Role of Toll-like receptor gene polymorphism in pathogenesis of new coronavirus infection
Authors: Beloglazov V. A. , Yatskov I. A. , Kamshiy A. A. , Agzamova Yu. M.
Published: January 2024

The review article contains data from literature which concern the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), immune sensors that play a key role in the systemic response to both bacterial and viral infections, e.g., in pathogenesis of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 infection). With advent of COVID-19, which has reached the scale of a pandemic, the interest in studying predictive factors for the severity of the infectious process has acquired a new cycle. The previous epidemics caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS-CoV), as well as the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), helped us to understand the degree of immune response in these conditions, as well as to suggest medical approaches to the pathogens of this family, i.e., which measures should be taken, and what long-term forecasts may be encountered for the SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks. Each of the 10 human TLRs recognizes a specific structure within a bacterial / viral or fungal pathogen. The effect on TLR activates the inflammatory signaling cascade via mediators, i.e., intracellular TIR domains mediated by adapter proteins. These reactions lead to the production of the most important antiviral response substances. The factors that lead to reduced / increased expression of TLR genes include gene polymorphisms which control the functioning of the immune system in some ways, thus causing a reduced, or hyperinflammatory response to an infectious agent. Genetic heterogeneity is likely to explain, at least partially, the wide range of clinical manifestations of COVID-19 infection in general population. Therefore, there is an increased interest in studies of these receptors, the degree of their expression throughout the infectious process, the polymorphisms of the TLR-encoding genes, and, consequently, the opportunity of using clinical and laboratory tests for their qualitative and quantitative assessment, as well as selection and prospects of further treatment in each personal case.
Systemic cytokines in elderly patients with coronary heart disease at early recovery from COVID-19
Authors: Agarkov N. M. , Zhernakova N. I. , Negrebetskiy V. A.
Published: January 2024

The development of COVID-19 is accompanied by involvement of various cytokines in pathological process. Their change depends on age, concomitant pathology and some other factors that have not been sufficiently studied in elderly patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The content of cytokines in blood plasma of patients aged 60-74 in the early period of recovery from COVID-19 also remains unknown. The aim of our study was to determine the content of systemic cytokines in elderly patients with coronary heart disease at the early stages of recovery after COVID-19. The patients aged 60-74 with CHD who had COVID-19 of moderate severity grade (n = 40) made up the main group. in which the study of The cytokine levels were studied in blood plasma 3 to 4 weeks after recovery. The control group consisted of 38 elderly patients with coronary heart disease and negative tests for COVID-19. of cytokines in both groups were determined by means of flow cytometry with “Becton Dickinson FACS Canto 2 (USA)” machine using appropriate reagent sets. We have found that, in elderly patients with CHD at 3-4 weeks after recovery from COVID-19, if compared with elderly patients with CHD without COVID-19, the content of IL-6 in blood plasma was increased to higher degree and at statistically significant difference, up to 32.9±2.3 pg/mL versus 6.5±0.7 pg/mL in the control group (p < 0.001). Excessive content in the main group was also detected for IL-17 in blood plasma which was 25.4±1.9 pg/mL at the early post-COVID-19 period, whereas it was 7.8±0.7 pg/mL (p < 0.001) in the age-matched patients with CHD only. TNFα and IFNγ levels were elevated among 60-74-year-old patients with CHD and COVID-19 at 3-4 weeks after recovery, being 128.6±2.7 pg/mL and 57.6±2.8 pg/mL, respectively.  In control group, the concentration of these cytokines was significantly lower, i.e., 56.3±2.2 pg/mL and 25.9±1.7 pg/mL, respectively (p < 0.001). The changes in contents of other cytokines studied seemed less pronounced, and the level of IL-4 was not significantly different between the both groups. Hence, in elderly patients with CHD and COVID-19 at 3-4 weeks after recovery, IL-6, IL-17, TNFα and IFNγ are the most elevated cytokines at the systemic level.
Treatment-dependent changes in cytokine profile of capillary and venous blood in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Sennikova S. V. , Toptygina A. P. , Kolobov A. A. , Simbirtsev A. S.
Published: January 2024

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin disease with affected T-cell immunity. The interleukin IL-23/IL-17/IL-22 cytokine axis is a key to immunopathogenesis of psoriasis. Certain role of the IL-36 subfamily is shown in regulation of skin inflammation. Topically applied preparations are used to treat psoriasis. Our aim was to evaluate the treatment-related changes in the cytokine profile of venous and capillary blood collected close to the foci of psoriatic inflammation. Forty patients with psoriasis (mean age, 43.7 years), were examined. Group 1a (20 people) received local treatment with Mometasone, Group 1b (20 people) received topical gel containing an IL-36 receptor antagonist. Twenty healthy people (mean age, 46.6 years) comprised the control group 2. 200-μL aliquots of capillary blood were collected in a microvette with EDTA from the patients’ finger near to the lesion area. Venous blood (3 mL) was taken from the cubital vein to a vacuum tube with EDTA. The concentration of 15 cytokines in blood plasma was tested by the multiplex method (MagPix, BioRad, USA). Clinical effectiveness of therapy was assessed using the PASI and DLQI indexes. Upon completion of treatment (day 14), the PASI and DLQI indices were significantly decreased in both groups. On the 28th day, the PASI index in Group 1a returned to its original level, in group 1b it remained permanently reduced. Before treatment, the levels of all cytokines, except of IL-10, were significantly increased in capillary blood samples of patients with psoriasis compared to Group 2, and the levels of five cytokines were increased in the venous blood. In group 1a, the levels of IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-33 were significantly decreased in capillary blood after 14 days, and only IL-17F, IL-21, IL-33 and TNF showed a decrease in the venous blood specimens. On the day +28, the concentrations of almost all cytokines returned to their original level. In Group 1b, on the 14th day, the levels of IFNγ, IL-1, IL-4, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-33 were significantly decreased in capillary blood compared to altered IFNγ, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-33 in venous blood. On the 28th day, their concentration continued to decrease, or the level of these cytokines remained reduced, along with significant decrease of IL-6 in venous samples. Thus, the method for determining cytokine profile in capillary blood from the area of psoriatic lesions may be used for tracing the effects of therapy in psoriatic patients.
Concept Building of Elementary Level through Activity-Based Instruction
Authors:   National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan, Malik Sufiana K. , Chaudry Muhammad Ajmal ,   Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad PAKISTAN
Published: January 2024

The presented article was an attempt to explore the differential concept building by teaching students of the elementary level through activity-based instruction. An experiment was conducted in a public sector secondary school on students of grade 6 in teaching of social studies. The major finding of the current showed that concept building was made easier and understandable by teaching students with the use of activity-based instruction as compared to lecture-based instruction in teaching of social studies. It was further explored that the academic achievement of students taught with the use of activity-based instruction was significantly better than that of students taught with the use of lecture-based instruction. Therefore, it was suggested that the effects of activity-based instruction can be investigated by teaching other subjects using this method and teachers may be trained in how to teach their respective subjects with the use of the activity-based teaching method.
Types of Consciousness of English Teachers in Lower Secondary Schools in the Light of Paulo Freire’s Theory
Authors:   Szczecińska Szkoła Wyższa, Collegium Balticum, Gucma Milena
Published: January 2024

The ever-growing need for learning, especially the English language becoming lingua franca, has created a huge challenge for teachers of English. There have been many conceptions of the teacher`s role and the work they perform, however, these notions do not constitute a perfect model of a teacher as an educator of many young generations living in the changing world. The teacher’s role is to have the ability to develop themselves, to be able to reflect on their actions, to be creative and to have a high level of critical consciousness. The article presents the results of the research into types of consciousness of English teachers in lower secondary schools according to the types distinguished by Paulo Freire.
I was expecting her to be a fanatic Catholic, but she was not. How International Exchange Programmes Reduce Prejudice
Authors:   Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Leix Alicja
Published: January 2024

The text deals with the question of the influence of international exchange programmes on reducing ethnic prejudices in their participants. Apart from a brief introduction into the issue of reducing prejudice, it comprises 392 free responses of Czech respondents, predominantly students, who have filled out an online survey as part of the project Intergroup Attitudes and Intergroup Contact in Central Europe. The participants gave accounts of their real contacts with Polish people, oftentimes within the framework of international exchange programmes, Erasmus in particular. Based on the comparison of the results of the qualitative analysis of the statements with the conditions of successful reduction of prejudices, one can suggest that international exchange programmes should have a positive influence on reducing negative ethnic stereotypes and prejudices among their participants.