bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agentes etiológicos em diferentes fases de lactação em vacas produtoras de leite para consumo humano na região de Imperatriz – MA
Authors: Dantas Manoel de Oliveira , Orlanda José Fábio França , Silva Marcelo Francisco da , Mota Jozivaldo Silva , Alves Murilo Barros
Published: September 2016

This study aimed to record the predominant etiologic agents of microorganism sensitivity to bovine mastitis in farm animals producing milk for human consumption and the different stages of infection from it. Milk samples were collected at the first milking and before it was done in each quarter of the rapid test California Mastitis Test, after which his result was taken for the new sample lactocultura and sensitivity testing to antibiotics. The samples were conditioned in a thermal box and led the multidisciplinary laboratory animal biology at the State University of Maranhão. Sample of milk was 0.5 mL and added to test tubes with 4.5 mL of Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) for dilutions up to 10 ³. Then they were placed in the incubator for 24 hours at 37 ° C. After 24 hours of emissions, the serial dilution 10 ³ milk in BHI (1mL) was transferred to Petri dishes containing agar specific for the growth of Staphylococcus sp, and the plates were placed in the incubator for 24 hours at 37° C for growth of colonies, microorganisms were isolated in specific agar and identified by means of differential staining of Gram and catalase production, performed in a slide, adding to a colony, 0.2 mL of H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) 3%. The proof of the sensitivity strains of Staphylococcus spp isolated from milk samples were performed by using disks impregnated with antibiotics. The strains were grown in test tubes containing BHI and incubated at 37 ° C for 24 hours. After incubation, a swab moistened in broth was cultivated and sown in Petri dishes containing Mueller-Hinton agar. The antibiotics used in the tests were: Penicillin G (PEN 10), Chloramphenicol (CLO 30), cephalothin (CFL 30) and amikacin (AMI 30), which showed greater sensitivity to cephalothin active principle with an inhibition halo of 3.4 cm in diameter on average followed by Chloramphenicol at 3.0 cm in diameter, the Amikacin with 2.0 cm and finally diameter penicillin G with a halo of bacterial inhibition of only 1.6 cm in diameter. Cows in second lactation had a high rate of contamination was detected and clinical mastitis in 73% of cows tested and index of bacterial resistance to penicillin G.
Anticorpos anti-pestivírus em caprinos e ovinos do sertão do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil
Authors: Michele Moreira Martins de Oliveira  , Silva Tercya Lúcidi de Araújo , Oliveira Michele Moreira M. , Teixeira Mirian Nogueira , Mota Iagmar Oliveira da , Castro Roberto Soares de
Published: September 2016

One of the main health problems found out in sheep and goat breeding of Pernambuco’s hinterland has been the occurrence of miscarriages and birth defects, which can be blamed on the pestiviruses have been infecting  cattle in several countries, including Brazil. In order to research the pestiviruses influence in abortions and malformations a sero epidemiological survey has been carried out in goats and sheep in the Pernambuco’s hiterland, the main producing region of the state. 814 serum samples of goats and sheep have been submitted to neutralization microplate test using strain-cytopathic BVDV-1 (NADL). The prevalence was 10.89% (9.36≤p≤12.42) in goats and 6.98% (5.36≤p≤8.60) in sheep. The samples were stratified according to animal type (breeding female, breeder and young) and middle region where they were coming from (Pernambuco’s hinterland and São Francisco Pernambucano’s hinterland). There were no statistically significant differences between species or between the strata. According to the information available through investigative questionnaire, abortion occurred in 70.96% (22/31) of the breedings and birth defects in 83.87% (26/31). In 61.29% of breeding goats, sheep and cattle are bred together. Through the results obtained we concluded the pestivirus live in small ruminants, unattached of the animal category and regions studied in low prevalence.
Leptospirose – Revisão
Authors: Simões Luciana Senna , Sasahara Tais Harumi de Castro , Favaron Phelipe Oliveira , Miglino Maria Angélica
Published: September 2016

Leptospirosis is an infectious systemic disease; its occurrence is evidenced in tropical and subtropical regions. It is prevalent in the Americas, occurring endemically in Latin America and Caribbean. In the Brazil, the disease is endemic; outbreaks are common during the rainy season. Leptospirosis is also considered an occupational risk of disease, affecting agricultural workers (rice paddies and sugarcane), miners, garbage and cleaning charge of public collectors, workers of water and sewage, as well as veterinarians and keepers of animals. In this way, this study proposes a systematic review of the scientific publication on the factors associated with leptospirosis. The method logy screened available studies in SciELO, MEDLINE, and LILACS. The control of animal leptospirosis should be based on the integration of prophylactic measures imposed simultaneously on all three levels of the chain of transmission: infection source (infected vertebrates), transmission routes (water, soil and contaminated fomites), likely vertebrates uninfected and not immunized and protection to it, which is achieved with the use of inactivated vaccines containing the serotypes of Leptospira.
Avaliação e composição centesimal e as características físico-químicas da carne de ovinos
Authors: Cruz Braulio Crisanto Carvalho da , Santos Cristiane Leal dos , Azevedo José Augusto Gomes , Silva Denise Araújo da
Published: September 2016

Meat is a source of high biological value protein, the availability and digestibility of essential nutrients. Displays soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K), and water soluble B-complex (thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinamide, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, folic acid, niacin, biotin and cobalamin). In addition, an important role in nutrition as a source of minerals and a great contribution to the absorption of selenium and copper. In red meat, highlighting the presence of iron, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium and zinc. This article discusses factors as the type of muscle, the animal's age, nutrition, race, sexual condition, pre-slaughter management and post-slaughter, can influence the chemical composition (moisture, protein, fat and mineral matter) and in Physico-chemical characteristics of the meat (color, weight loss for cooking, shear strength, pH, and water holding capacity), aiming to guide the production chain of the sheep industry for uniformity in production, with improved meat characteristics, and that meet a current consumer market more noticeable the quality of meat
Efeito do flunixin meglumine na taxa de prenhez de vacas leiteiras inseminadas em tempo-fixo
Authors: Castro Natália Ávila , Pfeifer Luiz Francisco Machado , Castro Natália Ávila de , Duarte Péricles de Nascimento , Meneghello Lucas , Schneider Augusto
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of flunixin meglumine (FM) following timed artificial insemination (TAI) on pregnancy rate in lactating Holstein cows. Eighty-seven lactating Holstein dairy cows (30.3 ± 10.2 kg milk/day) with average 181 ± 152 days in milk (DIM) were given a 3 mg norgestomet ear-implant and a 2 mg injection of estradiol benzoate i.m. on Day 0. On Day 7, 0.53 mg i.m. of sodium cloprostenol was injected, and the implant removed on day 9. Two days later, 100 μg i.m. of gonadorelin was given followed by TAI 12 h later. Cows were randomly assigned into one of the following treatments: 1) FM Group (n=46) injected twice with FM given 12 h apart on the evening of Day 15 and the morning of Day 16, and; 2) Control Group (n = 41), that did not receive any further treatment. Pregnancy was detected by ultrasonography at Days 30 and 60 after TAI. Effect of treatment on pregnancy rate (PR) was analyzed by chi-square test. Cows treated with FM had higher pregnancy rate at 30 days (37% vs. 17%) and 60 days (37% vs. 15%) after TAI (P
Determinação da coloração e a disposição de compra pelos consumidores da carne bovina
Authors: Cortêz Passetti Rodrigo , Torrecilhas Juliana Akamine , Ornaghi Mariana Garcia , Mottin Camila , Guerrero Ana
Published: September 2016

Colour perception plays a major role in evaluation of meat quality, especially during purchasing. Consumers need first to be entirely satisfied with the sensory properties of meat, before other quality dimensions become relevant. The traditional methodology of assessing meat color evolution in displays is complex, expensive and demands long duration. Photographs are an alternative to overcome these difficulties thus the validation of this methodology become necessary. One of the biggest problems in coloration assessments is the development of new methodologies to obtain information that is significant; they can compare and improve products. These difficulties can be overcome by assessing the color through photographs, as in a visual inspection system computer an image and a computer with software can perform several pre-defined goals, so its use could lead to more consistent results efficient manner. Thus our objective was to reviser perception of meat between viewing meat directly in displayer and their corresponding photographs to assess the reliability and accuracy of using food photographs as an assessment tool.
Características epidemiológicas, zoonóticas, clínicas, patológicas e diagnósticas da Doença de Chagas
Authors: Rodrigues Renan , Sanches Marina Pinto , Soares Letícya Lorrayne da Silva , Barbosa Maria Angélica Parentes da Silva , Souza André Braga de , Silva Elzivânia Gomes da , Moura Laecio da Silva , Araújo Jefferson Rodrigues de , Pessoa Gerson Tavares
Published: September 2016

Trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma spp. are zoonosis and anthropozoonosis with importance in human and veterinary medicine. The Chagas Disease represents one of most important in the Americas and is caused by the infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. The hosts are infected mainly by contact of the vector infected feces with open orifice when insect bite, or gastrointestinal tract. The prevention is mainly based on the vector control measures. It is as disease difficult to treat, and you can almost exclusively in the acute phase. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological, zoonotic, clinical, pathological and diagnostic of Chagas Disease.
Histoplasmose felina disseminada: relato de um caso
Authors: Marques Sandra Márcia Tietz , Ehlers Adrielly , MottinMottin Iasmine Biz , Silveira Elissandra da
Published: September 2016

We describe a case of disseminated histoplasmosis in a female cat with two-year-old, who lived on a farm in the municipality of San Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul. The animal had ulcerated and nodular lesions in the eyelid muco cutaneous junctions, oral, anal, tongue and hard palate about two weeks. Were performed: blood test, chest radiograph, incisional biopsy, mycological culture and histopathological examination. Histopatological injury examination consists of pyogranulomatous diffuse inflammatory reaction with predominance of macrophages containing numerous fungal forms and characterized in mycological examination as Histoplasma capsulatum.
Inseminação Artificial Intravaginal em cadela da raça Dogo Argentino utilizando sêmen refrigerado: Relato de caso
Authors: Evangelista Luanna Soares de Melo , Sousa Filho Marcos Antônio Celestino de , Souza José Adalmir Torres de
Published: September 2016

This paper reports the reproductive biotech Artificial Insemination (IA) held a bitch Dogo Argentino breed, a year and a half old, nulliparous, resident in the city of Teresina, PI, using chilled semen from a dog of the same breed, residing in Recife , PE. The dog semen was collected by digital manipulation, diluted in Tris-yolk, chilled to 4°C, identified, stored in isothermal box and sent by air transport for the city of Teresina. The IA was performed intravaginally, using chilled semen for 24 hours of collection as a single dose, according to the results of vaginal cytology and hormonal dosage bitch. Forty days after IA abdominal ultrasonography was carried out confirming pregnancy. It concludes that the use of IA with chilled semen is a viable alternative that allows the fertilization of dogs living in geographically distant areas.
Aspiração folicular, maturação in vitro e injeção intracitoplasmática em éguas
Authors: Bartholazzi Junior Aylton , Rua Miguel Alejandro da Silva , Quirino Celia Raquel , Pacheco Aline , Vega Hernando Ortiz , Ribeiro Mariana da Silva
Published: September 2016

The implementation of reproductive biotechnologies have in orther to improve reproductive rates, favoring the production of genetically superior animals. The oocyte transfer involves aspiration of oocytes from follicles of a mare and transferring for the oviduct of another mare. The in vitro maturation of oocytes is performed when performing aspiration of follicles smaller than the oocytes in not capable of being fertilized. However, there are limitations due to the lack of slaughterhouses to achieve ovaries of mares for studies, also because of the difficulty of performing superovulations in mares. These factors imply difficulties in the advances of studies with equine oocytes. The intracytoplasmic sperm injection in the horse breaks the barrier of the inefficiency of in vitro fertilization resulting in low sperm motility and fertility. Reproductive biotechnology in horses must be studied so that there is an improvement technique. Due to the great importance of the use of reproductive biotechnologies had as purpose of reviewing on follicular aspiration, in vitro maturation and intracytoplasmic injection in mares.
A realidade da caprinocultura e ovinocultura no semiárido brasileiro: um retrato do sertão do Araripe, Pernambuco
Authors: Rafael Santos de Aquino  , Lemos Celma Gomes de , Alencar Clerisvaldma Alves , Silva Edmilson Gomes da , Lima Rodrigo da Silva , Gomes Jose Almir Ferreira , Silva Almir Ferreira da
Published: September 2016

This work was carried out between December 2011 and January 2012 through technical cooperation action between the Federal Institute of Pernambucan Sertao, Campus Ouricuri, and Association of Producer of Sheep and Goats of the Micro-region of Araripe (ACOCAMA in Portuguese), and aimed to evaluate the profile of goat and sheep farmers in the municipalities of Ouricuri-PE and Santa Filomena-PE associated with ACOCAMA. After a questionnaire as verification tool of production conditions and management applied by producers it could be seen that despite the productive association management techniques remain traditional and the main form of economic valuation was made through government programs such as PAA (Program Food Acquisition) and PNAE (National School Meals Program). Producers produce not only goats and sheep but also cattle and temporal crops, do not have specialized technical assistance and work with traditional management techniques.
Contabilidade rural: Estudo de caso da cultura do feijão e da soja na região de Jussara-Goiás no período 2014/2015.
Authors: Caetano Graciele Araújo de Oliveira , Souza Daniela Ferreira de , Ferreira Julio Cesar Silvestre , Oliveira Karla Conceição de , Brito Djalma Aparecido Alves de , Cintra Denise Gomes Barros , Silva Clesiomar Rezende
Published: September 2016

Accountancy existed since the ancient civilizations, when the man did not even know the conventional counting system, but with the need to follow the evolution of his flock, the counting system with scratches on trees or stones, as from that moment the accounting has become part of man's life and it has evolved throughout the historical process of humanity. Only in the early nineteenth century that accounting ceased to be a simple tool for providing information. In the rural area, we have today a more precisely and controlled accounting, not only to ascertain the heads of animals in the property, but a way to control the familiar rural heritage in general, directing property's inputs and outputs,  managing all cash flows, because the farm is also a company, being the entrepreneur its own proprietary. Inside the culture ranching and farming, we have the crop production portion with the temporary or permanent culture. For the property success it is necessary to pay attention to the costs of expenses, that investment requires being both relevant, variable and fixed costs. The bean crop is a temporary cultivation and requires a moderate climate with not very heavy rainfall, and the soy is the development champion for the last three decades. This field research showed us the real situation of bean cultivation and soy, inside the accounting field, evaluating since spending on soil preparation for sale of the product thus having the actual values of inputs, outputs and profits and which products have higher profitability.
Rendimento de forragem e morfogênese de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu sob níveis de desfolhação nos cerrados de Roraima
Authors: Costa Newton de Lucena , Townsend Claudio Ramalho , Fogaça Fabíola Helena dos Santos , Magalhães João Avelar , Santos Francisco José de Seixas , Rodrigues Braz Henrique Nunes
Published: September 2016

The effect of defoliation levels (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 cm above soil level) on dry matter (DM) yield and morphogenetic and structural characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Maranduwas evaluated under field conditions in Roraima´s savannas. The effects of defoliation levels on the DM yields, number of leaves/plant, medium blade length, leaf area index, leaf appearance and elongation rates were quadratics and maximum values recorded with cutting at 23.1; 18.6; 26.3; 24.1; 14.8 and 21.3 cm above soil level, respectively. The population tiller density was inversely proportional to the level of defoliation, while the opposite occurred for to leaf senescence rate. Apical meristem removing percentage was higher with increasing defoliation level. Aftermath regrowth showed close negative correlation with defoliation level.
Aspectos epidemiológicos, patológicos e clínicos da tripanossomíase “Mal do coito”
Authors: Sá Rodrigues Renan Paraguassu de , Sanches Marina Pinto , Soares Leticya Lorrayne da Silva , Barbosa Maria Angélica Parentes da Silva , Moura Laecio da Silva , Sousa Ronielle Pereira Ribeiro de , Pessoa Gerson Tavares
Published: September 2016

The disease known as "Mal do Coito" or "Durina" covers a wide geographic distribution. Although eradicated in some countries, still affects animals in various regions of the planet. Caused by a protozoan of the genus Trypanosoma, Trypanosoma equiperdum species, primarily affects horses, donkeys and mules and is responsible for outbreaks of animal deaths around the world. Transmission occurs directly at the time of copulation between infected animals. Has difficult diagnosis and treatment, prevention is still the best way to prevent the disease in the squad. Prophylaxis is made by isolating the contaminated areas and breeders who have the disease. This study aimed to make an approach about the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of trypanosomiasis "Mal do Coito."
Produção de Aves em Sistema Orgânico
Authors: Azevedo Gessica de Souza , Souza Joana Patrícia Lira de , Cardoso José Avelino , Araujo Pedro Henrique Haddad , Santos Neta Ernestina Ribeiro dos , Novas Michele Pereira Vilas
Published: September 2016

The consumer market is increasingly concerned with animal foods they consume and especially the conditions in which they are kept during the production period. The posture of poultry is one of the sectors in which these concerns become increasingly demanding, because in industrial poultry farming these animals are kept in cages throughout the production cycle, although the space is considered sufficient for these birds can jogging, that space does not allow the birds to express some characteristics of their natural behavior (taking sand bath up and down perches, have ample room to explore) this behavior is observed in semi-confined system, hillbilly, or organic. Although these systems have certain similarities, they differ in some respects, the organic is certified by bodies, which can be certifying companies, which are in turn supervised by Ministry of Agriculture and Supply, which differs from other . Sanity in the case of organic creation must be made without the use of veterinary medicinal products, and only the mandatory vaccine should be offered to animals, ensuring production within the requirement of the international standards of organic production organization.
Inclusão de gordura na alimentação de caprinos e seu feito sobre o perfil lipídico no leite: Revisão
Authors: Sueli Freitas dos Santos  , Fonteles Natália Lívia de Oliveira , Sousa Rafael Teixeira de , Gonçalves Juliete de Lima , Barbosa Juliana dos Santos Rodrigues , Santos Sueli Freitas dos , Bomfim Marco Aurélio Delmondes
Published: September 2016

The aim of this work to review about the importance of supplementation of lipids sources and their effect on the modification of the milk fatty acid profile. The use of lipids in ruminant diet is a way to meet the energy requeriments, as well as a strategy to manipulate the profile of fatty acids in the milk, increasing the participation of polyunsaturated acids and reducing saturated fatty acids. Various sources of lipids are being used in ruminant diets in the form of vegetable oil, protected or inert fat and oil seeds, thus favoring the higher amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic) in improving the lipid profile of milk. Adding value to products of small ruminants is an alternative to expanding market opportunities milk. Especially when it adds properties that combine, nutrition and health, since there is a growing demand for functional foods and value of its products. The increase of conjugated linoleic acid (cis - 9, trans - 11), recognized for its anticarcinogenic and anti-atherogenic effects makes the consumption of milk advantageous to the consumer for their health benefits.
Crioprotetores na estabilidade do surimi de matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus Spix e Agassiz 1819) sob congelamento
Authors: Vasconcelos Santos Euclides Luis , Andrade Eyner Godinho , Rocha Maria do Perpetuo Socorro , Taveira Illen Soares , Inhamuns Antônio José , Oliveira Pedro Roberto de , Uchôa Natália Marques , Souza Anita Lima de
Published: September 2016

Surimi is a fish meat, subjected to successive washes, where they eliminate fat, blood, odoriferous substances and water-soluble proteins, resulting in a white paste, no odor and flavor of fish, allowing better utilization of fish and waste generated from processing. However, their stability during freezing depends on the use of cryoprotectants, which lead to lower moisture loss during storage and thawing. Were tested three formulations with mixtures of three compounds cryoprotectants to assess which provides greater stability surimi matrinxã. The meat mechanically separate was subjected to three cycles of washing with cold water (0 to 5 ° C) and adjusted to pH 7.0 (0.5% sodium bicarbonate) in order to remove the sarcoplasmic proteins, lipids and pigments heme. To remove excess water, washed CMS was subjected to pressure in a hydraulic press. The water holding capacity (WHC) was higher for Treatment 3 (6% sucrose, 6% sorbitol and 0.5% of tripolyphosphate) with 90.04%, indicating greater stability in frozen surimi matrinxã. SDS-PAGE revealed that the heavy chain myosin was much more susceptible to hydrolysis than actin, being more prone to proteolytic degradation of other proteins such as actin, tropomyosin and troponin.
Produção de forragem, composição química e morfogênese de Cynodon dactylon cv. Vaquero em diferentes idades de rebrota
Authors: Costa Newton de Lucena , Paulino Valdinei Tadeu , Magalhães João Avelar , Rodrigues Braz Henrique Nunes , Rodrigues Antônio Neri Azevedo
Published: September 2016

The effects of plant regrowth age (14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days) on dry matter (DM) yield, chemical composition and morphogenetic and structural characteristics of Cynodon dactylon cv. Vaquero, were evaluated under greenhouse with natural conditions of light and temperature. DM yields and regrowth, medium blade length, leaf elongation and leaf senescence rate increased consistently with growth plant stage, however the nitrogen, phosphorus, and magnesium contents and leaf appearance rate decreased as plant regrowth age, while calcium and potassium contents were not affected by plant regrowth age. Maximum DM yield and leaf elongation were obtained with cutting at 40.6 and 30.9 days, respectively. These data suggest that utilization period of the grass cutting at 28 to 35 days were optimal for obtain maximum yields of rich forage and better regrowth.
Análise comparativa de protocolos para extração de DNA de galinhas caipiras em relação à eficiência, facilidade da extração e custo
Authors: Bartholazzi Junior Aylton , Torres Djalma Sthel , Quirino Celia Raquel , Silva Thiago Corrêa , Pacheco Aline , Leal Steveen Ribeiro , Falcão Dayana Rangel , Madella-Oliveira Aparecida De Fátima
Published: September 2016

The objective of this paper was to test three different protocols for DNA extraction regarding the extraction efficiency, quantity, quality of DNA extracted and extraction cost. Animals were from a farm in Rio de Janeiro state. Feathers samples of free-range chickens were collected from pectoral and blood samples were collected from brachial vein. The protocols tested were: 1) Rapid alkaline extraction from total blood collect; 2) Rapid alkaline extraction from feathers bulb of pectoral; and 3) DNA extraction with blood commercial kit (Nucleo Spin® Tissue) in FTA Card (NucleoCard). After the extraction, samples were quantified e the concentration and quality of DNA were verified in all protocols, using spectrophotometry. The protocols 1 and 2 had good result in the amount of DNA extracted, but they had high concentration of proteins. Protocol 3 had low amount of DNA extracted, but it has high purity. All protocols had good results in relation to the quality of amplification, although, protocols 1 and 2 of alkaline extraction had more facility to use, higher speed in extraction and lower cost than protocol 3.
Fatores anti-qualitativos em silagens
Authors: Silva Gonçalo Mesquita da , Silva Fabiano Ferreira da , Schio Alex Resende , Meneses Murilo de Almeida , Balisa Deivison Leles , Souza Dicastro Dias de , Soares Maxwelder Santos , Silva Leonardo Guimarães , Viana Pablo Teixeira
Published: September 2016

The silage is the process that allows certain forage conservation for long periods with the possibility of offering livestock production in periods of food shortages. Therefore, the use of appropriate technology in food production is a key factor, especially forages preserved as silage can have their very altered nutritional value because the procedures used for their production and conservation, and biochemical and microbiological phenomena that occur in process. So what is sought in a silage is to maximize the original and preserve the nutrients found in fresh forage during storage and enable them to remain with the minimum loss of dry matter and energy. Therefore, the aim of review is to present the main factors which affect the quality of the silage throughout the process and thus create strategies, seeking to minimize the negative effects that occurred in the management and fermentation by undesirable microorganisms, seeking give the final product less loss and longer life.
Pressão arterial em cães atendidos em uma clínica veterinária na cidade de Manaus, AM, Brasil
Authors: Souza Fábio Silva de , Silva Jonycley Coutinho , Lisbôa Raquel Silva
Published: September 2016

Different techniques allow a satisfactory diagnosis of blood pressure parameter in dogs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the blood pressure of dogs with two methods of measurement. The animals used were from routine care, regardless of the reason, a veterinary clinic in the city of Manaus. These were led to a separate room so they could stay between 10 to 15 minutes at rest until the beginning of the measurements. An aneroid sphygmomanometer and appropriate to the size of the animal associated with Doppler auscultation and a digital instrument, both for human use cuff was used. 49 animals were evaluated, 34 males and 15 females, 26 and 23 animals without defined race with one of the established breeds. Of the total, 43 animals showed blood pressure values within the average parameters expected to dogs as different authors. Only seven subjects had the changed parameter. The results were within normal limits and there was no significant difference between the results obtained by means of analog and digital devices, which may serve to support the measurement of blood pressure more quickly and easily when needed in veterinary clinical routine latter.
Metodologia internacional de avaliação por microscopia de rações para ruminantes e subprodutos de origem animal
Authors: Rossetto Janaína Farias , Kreibich Heloísa Helena , Scussel Vildes Maria
Published: September 2016

The Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) is caused by an infectious protein called prion responsible for the nervous system degenerationof humans and animals. The classic form of the disease occurs with the intake of animal protein contaminated with the infectious prion. The Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply is responsible for promoting control and prevention of this disease in the country due to the posiblerisk of disease transmission to ruminants. Brazil is a major feed producer thus, it is important the effective control of feed ingredients. Animal by-products (flour hooves and horns, flesh and bones, feathers, fish, poultry viscera, bones not calcined, calcined bones and dairy products) are important for protein and mineral supplementation of ruminants diet in (however, only the steamed bones and dairy products are allowed for ruminants). We report the macro and microscopic evaluation of feed, supplements and by-products of animal origin (OA) carried out in the microscopylaboratory, Southern Brazil, which enabled the characterization of differenceAOtissues. Analysis were performed macroscopically during the sample preparation and then microscopically (by stereoscopy and fluorescence) to identifythe ingredients,whether they were allowed (i.e., included in the list) in theestablished standards. The metods detection limit (LD) in the fortificated samples (blood meal, bone non-calcined powder, feather meal and hooves and horns flour) reached up to 0.05%which was confirmed by specific chemical tests. LDobtained provided reliability to the results and enabled the development of analyst visual acuity. The microscopic method for the detection of animal by-products was effective andconsidered and useful tool, easy to perform and inexpensive to mitigate the risk of BSE.
Reduction of Hypothalamic Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Activates Browning of White Fat and Ameliorates Obesity
Authors: Contreras Cristina , González-García Ismael , Seoane-Collazo Patricia , Martínez-Sánchez Noelia , Liñares-Pose Laura , Rial-Pensado Eva , Fernø Johan , Tena-Sempere Manuel , Casals Núria , Diéguez Carlos , Nogueiras Rubén , López Miguel
Published: September 2016

The chaperone GRP78/BiP (glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa/binding immunoglobulin protein) modulates protein folding in reply to cellular insults that lead to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This study investigated the role of hypothalamic GRP78 on energy balance, with particular interest in thermogenesis and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). For this purpose, we used diet-induced obese rats and rats administered thapsigargin, and by combining metabolic, histologic, physiologic, pharmacologic, thermographic, and molecular techniques, we studied the effect of genetic manipulation of hypothalamic GRP78. Our data showed that rats fed a high-fat diet or that were centrally administered thapsigargin displayed hypothalamic ER stress, whereas genetic overexpression of GRP78 specifically in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus was sufficient to alleviate ER stress and to revert the obese and metabolic phenotype. Those effects were independent of feeding and leptin but were related to increased thermogenic activation of brown adipose tissue and induction of browning in WAT and could be reversed by antagonism of β3 adrenergic receptors. This evidence indicates that modulation of hypothalamic GRP78 activity may be a potential strategy against obesity and associated comorbidities.
Changes in Overall Diet Quality and Subsequent Type 2 Diabetes Risk: Three U.S. Prospective Cohorts
Authors: Ley Sylvia H. , Pan An , Li Yanping , Manson JoAnn E. , Willett Walter C. , Sun Qi , Hu Frank B.
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE

Recent public health recommendations emphasize adopting a healthful dietary pattern, but evidence is scarce on whether incremental diet quality changes have an impact on long-term diabetes prevention. We aim to evaluate diet quality changes during a 4-year period and subsequent 4-year type 2 diabetes incidence.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Participants of prospective cohorts, the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), NHS II, and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, who were free of diabetes at baseline (n = 124,607), were observed for ≥20 years. Diet quality, reflected by the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) score, was assessed every 4 years to calculate changes.

RESULTS

We documented 9,361 cases of type 2 diabetes during 2,093,416 person-years of follow-up. A >10% decrease in AHEI score over 4 years was associated with a higher subsequent diabetes risk (pooled hazard ratio 1.34 [95% CI 1.23–1.46]) with multiple adjustment, whereas a >10% increase in AHEI score was associated with a lower risk (0.84 [0.78–0.90]). Greater improvement in diet quality was associated with lower diabetes risk across baseline diet quality status (P for trend ≤ 0.001 for low, medium, or high initial diet quality) and baseline BMI (P for trend ≤ 0.01 for BMI <25, 25–29, or 30 kg/m2). Changes in body weight explained 32% (95% CI 24–41) of the association between AHEI changes (per 10% increase) and diabetes risk.

CONCLUSIONS

Improvement in overall diet quality is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, whereas deterioration in diet quality is associated with a higher risk. The association between diet quality changes and diabetes risk is only partly explained by body weight changes.
Maternal and Neonatal Morbidity for Women Who Would Be Added to the Diagnosis of GDM Using IADPSG Criteria: A Secondary Analysis of the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Study
Authors: Waters Thaddeus P. , Dyer Alan R. , Scholtens Denise M. , Dooley Sharon L. , Herer Elaine , Lowe Lynn P. , Oats Jeremy J.N. , Persson Bengt , Sacks David A. , Metzger Boyd E. , Catalano Patrick M.
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE

To assess the frequency of adverse outcomes for women who are diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria using data from the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This is a secondary analysis from the North American HAPO study centers. Glucose measurements from a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test were used to group participants into three nonoverlapping categories: GDM based on Carpenter-Coustan (CC) criteria (also GDM based on IADPSG criteria), GDM diagnosed based on IADPSG criteria but not CC criteria, and no GDM. Newborn outcomes included birth weight, cord C-peptide, and newborn percentage fat above the 90th percentile; maternal outcomes included primary cesarean delivery and preeclampsia. Outcome frequencies were compared using multiple logistic regression, adjusting for predefined covariates.

RESULTS

Among 25,505 HAPO study participants, 6,159 blinded participants from North American centers were included. Of these, 81% had normal glucose testing, 4.2% had GDM based on CC criteria, and 14.3% had GDM based on IADPSG criteria but not CC criteria. Compared with women with no GDM, those diagnosed with GDM based on IADPSG criteria had adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) for birth weight, cord C-peptide, and newborn percentage fat above the 90th percentile, as well as primary cesarean delivery and preeclampsia, of 1.87 (1.50–2.34), 2.00 (1.54–2.58), 1.73 (1.35–2.23), 1.31 (1.07–1.60), and 1.73 (1.32–2.27), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Women diagnosed with GDM based on IADPSG criteria had higher adverse outcome frequencies compared with women with no GDM. These data underscore the need for research to assess the effect of treatment to improve outcomes in such women.
Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation Interventions and Outcomes for a Person With Quadrilateral Amputation
Authors: Kimble Sharon L.
Published: September 2016

Introduction

Functional outcome reports for people with quadrilateral amputation are not common in the rehabilitation medicine literature. The literature describing functional outcomes that does exist focuses primarily on people with a single or bilateral lower limb amputation. This case report chronicles the interventions and outcomes in a single person with amputation of all 4 limbs during an inpatient rehabilitation admission.

Case Description

The patient was a 59-year-old woman who had a quadrilateral amputation after developing disseminated intravascular coagulation. Her medical history and initial physical therapist examination, along with preambulation interventions, gait training, and scores from the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), are described. The results of the 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) and the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) illustrate her progress from novice ambulator to community ambulator over the course of 1 year.

Outcomes

The patient achieved her goal of community ambulation with her prosthetic limbs. Her 10MWT and 6MWT results revealed significant improvement at the 1-year postdischarge follow-up.

Discussion

Despite the high energy levels necessary to ambulate with bilateral prosthetic limbs, the patient achieved 86% of the predicted distance for her age and sex in the 6MWT. In addition, she more than doubled her FIM motor score from inpatient acute rehabilitation admission to discharge. Closed-chain exercise and a focused approach to this patient's preprosthetic training were part of her success in becoming a community ambulator.
Is less always better? Keyhole and standard subtemporal approaches: evaluation of temporal lobe retraction and surgical volume with and without zygomatic osteotomy in a cadaveric model
Authors: Ercan Serdar , Scerrati Alba , Wu Phengfei , Zhang Jun , Ammirati Mario
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE

The subtemporal approach is one of the surgical routes used to reach the interpeduncular fossa. Keyhole subtemporal approaches and zygomatic arch osteotomy have been proposed in an effort to decrease the amount of temporal lobe retraction. However, the effects of these modified subtemporal approaches on temporal lobe retraction have never been objectively validated.

METHODS

A keyhole and a classic subtemporal craniotomy were executed in 4 fresh-frozen silicone-injected cadaver heads. The target was defined as the area bordered by the superior cerebellar artery, the anterior clinoid process, supraclinoid internal carotid artery, and the posterior cerebral artery. Once the target was fully visualized, the authors evaluated the amount of temporal lobe retraction by measuring the distance between the base of the middle fossa and the temporal lobe. In addition, the volume of the surgical and anatomical corridors was assessed as well as the surgical maneuverability using navigation and 3D moldings. The same evaluation was conducted after a zygomatic osteotomy was added to the two approaches.

RESULTS

Temporal lobe retraction was the same in the two approaches evaluated while the surgical corridor and the maneuverability were all greater in the classic subtemporal approach.

CONCLUSIONS

The zygomatic arch osteotomy facilitates the maneuverability and the surgical volume in both approaches, but the temporal lobe retraction benefit is confined to the lateral part of the middle fossa skull base and does not result in the retraction necessary to expose the selected target.
MULTI-WAVELENGTH LENS RECONSTRUCTION OF A PLANCK AND HERSCHEL-DETECTED STAR-BURSTING GALAXY
Authors: Timmons Nicholas , Cooray Asantha , Riechers Dominik A. , Nayyeri Hooshang , Fu Hai , Jullo Eric , Gladders Michael D. , Baes Maarten , Bussmann R. Shane , Calanog Jae , Clements David L. , Cunha Elisabete da , Dye Simon , Eales Stephen A. , Furlanetto Cristina , Gonzalez-Nuevo Joaquin , Greenslade Joshua , Gurwell Mark , Messias Hugo , Michałowski Michał J. , Oteo Iván , Pérez-Fournon Ismael , Scott Douglas , Valiante Elisabetta
Published: September 2016

We present a source-plane reconstruction of a Herschel and Planck-detected gravitationally lensed dusty star-forming galaxy (DSFG) at z = 1.68 using Hubble, Submillimeter Array (SMA), and Keck observations. The background submillimeter galaxy (SMG) is strongly lensed by a foreground galaxy cluster at z = 0.997 and appears as an arc with a length of ∼15″ in the optical images. The continuum dust emission, as seen by SMA, is limited to a single knot within this arc. We present a lens model with source-plane reconstructions at several wavelengths to show the difference in magnification between the stars and dust, and highlight the importance of multi-wavelength lens models for studies involving lensed DSFGs. We estimate the physical properties of the galaxy by fitting the flux densities to model spectral energy distributions leading to a magnification-corrected star-formation rate (SFR) of 390 ± 60 M

yr−1 and a stellar mass of

. These values are consistent with high-redshift massive galaxies that have formed most of their stars already. The estimated gas-to-baryon fraction, molecular gas surface density, and SFR surface density have values of 0.43 ± 0.13, 350 ± 200

pc−2, and

M

yr−1 kpc−2, respectively. The ratio of SFR surface density to molecular gas surface density puts this among the most star-forming systems, similar to other measured SMGs and local ULIRGs.
MODELING EXTRAGALACTIC EXTINCTION THROUGH GAMMA-RAY BURST AFTERGLOWS
Authors: Zonca Alberto , Cecchi-Pestellini Cesare , Mulas Giacomo , Casu Silvia , Aresu Giambattista
Published: September 2016

We analyze extragalactic extinction profiles derived through gamma-ray burst afterglows, using a dust model specifically constructed on the assumption that dust grains are not immutable but respond, time-dependently, to the local physics. Such a model includes core-mantle spherical particles of mixed chemical composition (silicate core, sp2, and sp3 carbonaceous layers), and an additional molecular component in the form of free-flying polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We fit most of the observed extinction profiles. Failures occur for lines of sight, presenting remarkable rises blueward of the bump. We find a tendency for the carbon chemical structure to become more aliphatic with the galactic activity, and to some extent with increasing redshifts. Moreover, the contribution of the molecular component to the total extinction is more important in younger objects. The results of the fitting procedure (either successes and failures) may be naturally interpreted through an evolutionary prescription based on the carbon cycle in the interstellar medium of galaxies.
THE KEPLER CATALOG OF STELLAR FLARES
Authors: Davenport James R. A.
Published: September 2016

A homogeneous search for stellar flares has been performed using every available Kepler light curve. An iterative light curve de-trending approach was used to filter out both astrophysical and systematic variability to detect flares. The flare recovery completeness has also been computed throughout each light curve using artificial flare injection tests, and the tools for this work have been made publicly available. The final sample contains 851,168 candidate flare events recovered above the 68% completeness threshold, which were detected from 4041 stars, or 1.9% of the stars in the Kepler database. The average flare energy detected is ∼1035 erg. The net fraction of flare stars increases with g − i color, or decreasing stellar mass. For stars in this sample with previously measured rotation periods, the total relative flare luminosity is compared to the Rossby number. A tentative detection of flare activity saturation for low-mass stars with rapid rotation below a Rossby number of ∼0.03 is found. A power-law decay in flare activity with Rossby number is found with a slope of −1, shallower than typical measurements for X-ray activity decay with Rossby number.
The London Workshop on the Biogeography and Connectivity of the Clarion-Clipperton Zone
Authors: Glover Adrian , Dahlgren Thomas , Taboada Sergio , Paterson Gordon , Wiklund Helena , Waeschenbach Andrea , Cobley Amber , Martínez Pedro , Kaiser Stefanie , Schnurr Sarah , Khodami Sahar , Raschka Uwe , Kersken Daniel , Stuckas Heiko , Menot Lenaick , Bonifacio Paulo , Vanreusel Ann , Macheriotou Lara , Cunha Marina , Hilário Ana , Rodrigues Clara , Colaço Ana , Ribeiro Pedro , Błażewicz Magdalena , Gooday Andrew , Jones Daniel , Billett David , Goineau Aurélie , Amon Diva , Smith Craig , Patel Tasnim , McQuaid Kirsty , Spickermann Ralph , Brager Stefan
Published: September 2016

Recent years have seen a rapid increase in survey and sampling expeditions to the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) abyssal plain, a vast area of the central Pacific that is currently being actively explored for deep-sea minerals (ISA, 2016). Critical to the development of evidence-based environmental policy in the CCZ are data on the biogeography and connectivity of species at a CCZ-regional level.

The London Workshop on the Biogeography and Connectivity of the CCZ was convened to support the integration and synthesis of data from European Union (EU) CCZ projects, supported by the EU Managing Impacts of Deep-Sea Resource Exploitation (MIDAS) and EU Joint Programming Initiative Healthy and Productive Seas and Oceans (JPI Oceans) projects. The London Workshop had three clear goals: (1) To explore, review and synthesise the latest molecular biogeography and connectivity data from across recent CCZ cruises from both contractor and academia-funded projects; (2) To develop complementary and collaborative institutional and program-based academic publication plans to avoid duplication of effort and ensure maximum collaborative impact; (3) To plan a joint synthetic data publication highlighting key results from a range of planned molecular biogeography/connectivity publications. 32 participants attended the workshop at the Natural History Museum in London from 10-12 May 2016. Presentations and discussions are summarised in this report covering (1) overviews of current CCZ environmental projects, (2) policy and industry perspectives, (3) synthesis of DNA taxonomy and biogeography studies, (4) summaries of the latest population genetic studies, (5) summaries of the latest broader morphological context, (6) an overview of publication and proposal plans to maximise collaborative opportunities and finally a series of workshop recommendations.