bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peacekeeping activities of the International Circassian association for the resolution of military conflicts in the Republic of Abkhazia and the Chechen Republic at the end of the XX century
Authors:   Kabardian-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Anzor V. Kushkhabiev
Published: July 2023

The article presents an analysis of the peacekeeping activities of the International Circassian As-sociation for resolving military conflicts in the Republic of Abkhazia and the Chechen Republic at the end of the 20th century. It was revealed that during the Georgian-Abkhaz war (14.08.1992.–30.09.1993), the ICA, together with the Circassian public organizations of the Republic of Adigh-eya, the Kabardin-Balkarian Republic and the Karachay-Cherkessian Republic, conducted stirring activities to support the people of Abkhazia: it condemned the aggression of Georgia against Ab-khazia; made the statements and appeals to the leadership of the Russian Federation, the leader-ship of the regions of the North Caucasus, to the highest officials of some countries and to interna-tional organizations (UN, UNPO) with requests to take immediate measures to peacefully resolve the conflict; participated in the organization of humanitarian aid to the people of Abkhazia. The peacekeeping activity of the ICA to some extent contributed to the victory of the people of Abkha-zia. In the post-war period, the ICA appealed to the leadership of the Russian Federation and the UN with requests to take measures to ensure that the Georgian side observe the ceasefire agree-ments of 1993 and 1994 and the prevention of a new confrontation between the sides, on the lift-ing of the economic blockade from Abkhazia, established by the Council of Heads of the CIS Member States in 1996. The peacekeeping activities of the ICA contributed to the lifting of the economic blockade of Abkhazia.
Poetics of Аbaza tales
Authors:   Karachay-Cherkessia Institute for Humanities Research Government of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Petr K. Chekalov , Liliya A. Borokova ,   Karachay-Cherkessia Institute for Humanities Research Government of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic
Published: July 2023

Poetics is an an essential component of literary and folklore works, and therefore, the appeal of this literary problem is relevant. Some issues of the poetics of Abaza fairy tales were touched up-on in the works of V.B. Tugov, but as an independent scientific problem, it is posed for the first time, which ensures the novelty of the work. The purpose of the article is to study the verbal and figurative structure features of the na-tional fairy-tale prose texts. The direct tasks include comprehending such significant composi-tional elements as: a fantastic verse, the ways of manifestation of the narrator, the antithesis tech-nique, realistic and psychological details, portraits of people and animals, landscapes and their functions, semantic content of the names of the cardinal directions, images of a hill and a furnace, toponyms, hydronyms, phytonyms, food names. The research material was three main collections of the Abaza fairy tale epic: “Abaza fairy tales” (Mineralnye Vody, 2015), where two independent editions of T.Z. Tabulov, 1947 and 1955, are brought together; “Tales of Abazashty” (Stavropol, 2016), which is also a reprint of three col-lections released at the time by V.B. Tugov; “Abaza folk Fairy tales” (Cherkessk, 1986), compiled by V.N. Meremkulov. In some cases, we turned to the fairy tales included in the book “Abaza ma-terials A.N. Genko” (Sukhum, 2019) and “Abaza Folk Tales” (Moscow, 1985), which is a book of Abaza fairy tales translated into Russian. The main method of research is descriptive: the authors record observations, reinforce them with examples from various works, comment and draw conclusions. As necessary, a comparative method is used when studying the image of the furnace in Abaza and Russian fairy tales or when correlating individual folklore phenomena with literary ones. In some cases, a psychological method is used when the emotional state of the characters is considered, and a method of motiva-tional analysis is used when studying the motives of ingratitude, betrayal, and cruelty.
Current state and factors of tension in interethnic relations in the North Caucasus in mass presen-tations and expert assessments
Authors:   Regional Center for Ethnopolitical Studies of the Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Muslimat А. Magomedova
Published: July 2023

For several centuries, the national question has remained a complex problem for Russia, inhabited by representatives of more than a hundred nations. As you know, one of the multinational and multi-confessional regions of the Russian Federation is the North Caucasus. The study of ethno-political processes in such a complex multi-ethnic region is determined by their high dynamism. And this factor requires increased attention, analysis of the current situation and monitoring of ongoing changes. The article is devoted to the analysis of factors contributing to the aggravation of interethnic relations in the North Caucasus. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of monitoring studies of regional ethno-political processes in order to identify and prevent conflict situations. Based on the study, the article concludes that, in general, interethnic relations in the North Caucasus are developing positively, maintaining manageability and stability. It is shown that the emerging conflicts in the interethnic sphere are caused by socio-economic and property-land prob-lems. The materials of the expert survey conducted by the author make it possible to meaningfully interpret the influence of the above conflictogenic factors on the emergence of interethnic contra-dictions and disputes in the region. This article also uses the data of a mass sociological survey conducted by the RCEI FERC RAS and aimed at studying interracial, interethnic (interethnic) and interfaith relations, the socio-political situation in the Republic of Dagestan. Measures to adjust interethnic relations in the North Caucasus region are proposed.
About the Caspian campaign of the "tireeless monarch" and its significance in the russian policy in the Caucasus-Caspian region (to the assessment of the collective monograph «The Caucasus-Caspian region in the policy of the Russian Empire in the first third of the 18th century. – Ma-khachkala: Publishing house "Lotos", 2022. – 304 p.: il.)»
Authors:   Pyatigorsk State University, Yurii Yu. Klychnikov
Published: July 2023

This review paper assesses the collective book regarding the events linked to Peter the Great's Persian campaign and the resulting policy of the Russian Empire in the Caucasus-Caspian region. The components of the book that cover matters associated with military-political, administrative and economic facets of society are outlined. The central and regional archives, combined with a strong historiographical basis, allowed for a thorough examination of the global geopolitical con-frontation occurring on the recently established southern border of Russia. Detailing the successes and disappointments of the burgeoning realm, attempting to acquire a lucrative trade route to the lands in the south. Moreover, we examine how these events are remembered by the inhabitants of Dagestan and their assessment of the Russian monarch. The work enables one to comprehend the development of a Russian-North Caucasian historical relationship, and the experience of reconcil-ing disparities that arise during integration.
Organization of medical service for the population of Kabardino-Balkaria during the Great Patri-otic war
Authors:   Institute for the Humanities Research – Affiliated Kabardian-Balkarian Scientific Cen-ter of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Alim I. Tetuev
Published: July 2023

The article explores an urgent issue - the system of medical care for the population of the Kabar-dino-Balkaria Republic during the Great Patriotic War. Based on new archival documents and oth-er sources, the features of public health protection in extreme conditions of war have been studied. A comparative analysis of the personnel, material, and technical support of medical institutions of the republic at the beginning of 1941 and the post-occupation period (1943–1945) was conducted; problems and their solutions were identified. The role of state authorities and the public in organ-izing the treatment of wounded soldiers in hospitals and helping them improve their living condi-tions is considered. The experience of the work of state authorities, health care institutions and public organizations in providing medical, preventive and anti-epidemic assistance to the popula-tion of the republic is summarized. The indicators of infectious diseases, infant death, vaccination of the population for 1943–1945 are analyzed. The main causes of the epidemic have been identi-fied. It is concluded that, despite the great difficulties of wartime, by virtue of the activities by state authorities, health care institutions and public organizations, it was possible to ensure the protection of the health of the population in the republic.
Don’t they want to, or can’t they? Political Participation and Engagement by Turkish postmigrant Youth in Germany
Authors: Demir Zeynep , Bayad Aydın , Uysal Mete Sefa , Düzen N. Ekrem , Zick Andreas
Published: July 2023

This chapter rounded up reflects the converging arguments presented by the authors in a panel held at the Annual Conference of the Centre for Childhood and Youth Studies (ZKJF) in cooperation with the Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence (IKG) at Bielefeld University. The theme of the conference was politicization of youth bearing a split focus on two questions: How is youth politicized? & How do youth politicize?
Target Policy Profile (TPoP)
Authors: Dolley Shawn , Hartman Dan , Norman Thea
Published: July 2023

The Target Policy Profile (TPoP) is a tool to aid discussion on the evidence needed to change or establish a new policy. This policy could be at the country, regional, or global level. The TPoP should state the proposed policy, the supporting evidence, gaps in the evidence, and the nature of evidence required to fill these gaps. The TPoP should serve as a framework for dialogue and alignment between key stakeholders in the policy development process. By laying out a roadmap to intended policy impact, this tool can also support funding decisions for a particular research agenda.
Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Change in Delta Theta Alfa Beta Ratio (DTABR) and Motor Function in Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Bintang Andi Kurnia , Candra Willy
Published: July 2023

Background: Stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability worldwide. The electroencephalography (EEG) of ischemic stroke patients is a slow background and the quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) shows an increased delta+theta/alpha+beta ratio (DTABR). Disability can be assessed using a Fugl Mayer Motor Assessment (FMA). In this study, we will examine the effect of Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on changes in DTABR and assess motor function improvement in ischemic stroke patients with unilateral brain lesions. Methods: Thirty patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group received standard stroke therapy and gave rTMS intervention. The second group received only standard stroke therapy. All patients recorded using a EEG recorder and the results will be converted into qEEG. All samples will also be assessed for motor function using FMA before and after the intervention. The qEEG results obtained the absolute value of the power of each brain wave which we then calculated DTABR before and after treatment. Results: There was a greater decrease in DTABR in the treatment group when compared to the control group on the EEG electrodes Cz (p=0.029), C3 (p=0.048), C4 (p=0.004), Pz (p=0.015) and total DTABR (p=0.011) and greater motor improvement in the treatment group when compared to the control group p<0.001. In the Spearman's test there is a relationship between changes in DTABR and FMA with p value = 0.001. Conclusion: There is an increase in motor function associated with a decrease in DTABR in patients with ischemic stroke with unilateral lesions after rTMS intervention
Blood, it runs in the family: Intergenerational transmission of blood-donor behaviour
Authors: Ciaușescu Alexandra , de Wit Arjen , Bekkers Rene , Merz Eva-Maria
Published: July 2023

Parents may, directly and indirectly, influence their children in developing prosocial behaviour. However, it is uncertain to what extent and how blood donor behaviour is transmitted from one generation to the next. We used linked data from the first wave of the Donor InSight Survey and the Dutch blood donor registry (n=23,037) to examine intergenerational transmission of blood-donor behaviour among blood donors in the Netherlands. We found that 38% of the Dutch donor population is part of a blood donor family (i.e., at least two generations of donors in the family). Additionally, our preregistered analyses revealed that three mechanisms are relevant for the transmission of donor behaviour from the parent to the child generation, namely parental blood-donor identity, the number of donations parents made, and the developmental period of the child during which parents donated. The outcomes of our study may be used by blood banks in designing their donor recruitment strategies towards families.
Drag and heat transfer effect of grooved hydrophobic bluff bodies
Authors: Mazzanti Annalisa , Costa Domenica , Caruso Santo
Published: July 2023

This research delves into an examination of the potential reduction in friction drag within turbulent channel flow through the implementation of superhydrophobic surfaces. The focus lies on considering the effect of the hydrophobic surface as a slip boundary condition along the wall. Consequently, this newly introduced boundary condition becomes an integral part of the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) equations. The projected outcome suggests a substantial drag reduction of approximately 15% at Re = 5000-8000 and enhanced heat transfer by 20%, aligning harmoniously with the findings derived from Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS). Significantly, this discovery holds implications regarding the modification of near-wall turbulence structures through the introduction of streamwise slip velocity. Moreover, it becomes evident that the turbulence structure experiences a discernible transformation when the slip length exceeds a specific threshold value.
Abundant Nature and Poverty Trap: The Irony of Fishermen in Percut, North Sumatra
Authors: Damanik Erond L. , Berutu Nurmala , Purba Glory Indira D. , Rulyani Ayu
Published: July 2023

This article revolves around the experiences of impoverished small-scale fishermen in Percut Village, Indonesia, based on the two-year immersion and observations. The primary focus is on the socio-economic aspects of the village's abundant natural resources and their potential to improve overall well-being. By examining the relationship between these resources, valuable insights for developing policies, programs, and social safety nets to help break the poverty cycle will be determined. Despite the presence of plentiful natural resources and the implementation of various social safety nets, their impact on socioeconomic stability has been limited. The result showed that factors such as work ethic, mental attitudes, and the ability to optimize financial, natural, social, and human resources play crucial roles in determining well-being and sustainable livelihoods.
Overview of Sustainable Development and Promotion in Tourism
Authors: Amoiradis Christos , Velissariou Efstathios , Poulios Thomas
Published: July 2023

The concept of sustainable tourism has evolved over the years, emphasizing the need to balance the requirements of tourism with the responsible use of resources. This paper provides an overview of sustainable development in tourism, focusing on its importance and the impacts it has on the environment, society, and the economy. The article explores the environmental, social, and economic needs that drive sustainable development in tourism. It discusses various dimensions of sustainable development, including global governance, infrastructure management, biodiversity management, supply chain management, waste management, natural resource management, and socio-cultural management. The article also highlights the promotion of sustainable development in different sectors of tourism, such as destination management, tour operators, accommodation, transport, and visitor attractions. Finally, it presents frameworks for promoting sustainable development, including encouraging sustainable consumer behavior and implementing sustainable tourism certifications. Overall, the paper emphasizes the significance of sustainable development in tourism and provides insights into its various aspects and implementation strategies.
Measuring the Integrated Cyber Attack Surface Across US County Government Networks
Authors: Harry Charles , Sivan-Sevilla Ido , McDermott Mark , Yadav Rishipal , Daley Ann
Published: July 2023

Limited methodologies to measure, enumerate and aggregate the cyber attack surface of local governments in the US prevent the full estimation of the importance of local government cybersecurity to national resilience. Our study aims to address this gap. We offer a novel empirical approach to collect and assess the size, complexity, and vulnerability of county government digital infrastructures. By collecting data on more than 26,000 Internet-facing devices across 3,108 county governments we show, for the first time, variations in size and severity of the local government attack surface in the United States. We aggregate results to the state and national levels to reveal the potential impact of local government insecurity on efforts to develop national cyber resilience. Previously studied as islands of cyber insecurity, our novel methodological approach holistically estimates potential vulnerability to common attack vectors, shedding light on the integrated attack surface created across US county governments.
Opinion piece/Book chapter: Artificial Intelligence learns protein prediction
Authors: Heinzinger Michael , Rost Burkhard
Published: July 2023

From AlphaGO over StableDiffusion to ChatGPT the recent decade of exponential advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been altering life. In parallel, advances in computational biology are beginning to decode the language of life: AlphaFold2 leaped forward in protein structure prediction, and protein Language Models (pLMs) replace expertise and evolutionary information from multiple sequence alignments with information learned from reoccurring patterns in databases of billions of proteins without experimental annotations other than the amino acid sequences. None of those tools could have been developed ten years ago; all will increase the wealth of experimental data and speed up the cycle from idea to proof. AI is affecting molecular and medical biology at giant steps, the most important might be the leap toward more powerful protein design.
IMPLEMENTASI LITERASI DALAM UPAYA MENGUATKAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER TERHADAP ANAK-ANAK KELAS V SD IT ADZKIA 1 PADANG
Authors: arina Gira Dwi
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan model penerapan pendidikan karakter gemar membaca melalui program literasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif dengan metode populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas V Raudah SD IT Adzkia 1 Padang yang berjumlah 188 orang peserta didik. Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Teknik sampling jenuh. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam 3 tahap yaitu: Observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pendidikan karakter gemar membaca melalui Program Literasi Sekolah di kelas V SD IT Adzkia I Padang. Dalam penelitian ini peserta didik akan diamati dari sebelum pembelajaran di mulai ketika pembelajaran berlansung, yaitu saat pembiasaan membaca selama 10-15 menit. Krtika pembelajaran berakhir kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa pada kelas V SD IT Adzkia 1 Padang 100/ sudah sangat bagus. Tingkat hasil belajar siswa diketahui bahwa pada kelas V SD IT Adzkia 1 Padang untuk 29 orang siswa mendapat skor akhir 78-91 (baik sekali) dengan persentase 92,5 / dan untuk 3 orang siswa mendapat skor akhir 64-77 (baik) dengan persentase 7.5 / dan untuk penerapan implementasi literasi dalam upaya menguatkan pendidikan karakter sudah diterapkan dalam pempelajaran guru menggunakan metode taktik dan teknik tersendiri Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi Implementasi literasi baca maka dapat menguatkan pendidikan karakter sisiwa.
Directional quantization of an oscillatory magnetic dipole moment associated with a moment of inertia
Authors: Ucar Hamdi
Published: July 2023

It is shown that an inertial rigid body owning a cyclic magnetic dipole moment with non-zero time average can find both parallel and antiparallel stable alignments with an external static magnetic field with respect to its magnetic moment's time average vector. The solution covering anti-alignment is considered peculiar since it is not achievable within the framework of magnetostatics. This phenomenon can be explained by Landau's effective potential energy model, which is also being used in the analyses of the Kapitza pendulum. Notably, both systems exhibit the same characteristics and are based on the same equation of motion. The dual alignment characteristics is verified experimentally by driving an electrical coil with an AC signal having a DC bias and subjecting it to a static magnetic field. It might be worth to note that the stable dual alignment capability of a free object having time averaged dipole moment with an external inhomogeneous field might also satisfy the beam splitting effect in a Stern-Gerlach kind experiment in presence of damping.
Disparities in alcohol and substance-related hospitalizations and deaths across sexual orientations in Canada: a longitudinal study
Authors: Dusing Gabriel John , Kim Chungah , Nielsen Andrew , Chum Antony
Published: July 2023

Background and AimsPrevious studies have found that lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals report higher rates of substance use compared to the general population. However, evidence regarding the association between sexual orientation and clinically validated substance use outcomes is limited. We aim to quantify disparities in substance-related acute events (i.e., hospitalizations and deaths for substances including alcohol, cannabis, opioids, narcotics, and/or illicit drugs) across sexual orientations based on health administrative data.MethodsThe study cohort (weighted n=15,406,000) was built from six waves of the Canadian Community Health Survey (2009-14) linked to hospitalization/mortality data. Disparities in substance-related acute events across sexual orientation and gender among Canadian residents aged 15+ were examined using flexible parametric survival analysis.ResultsBisexual women had hazard ratios of 2.46 (95%CI: 1.46-4.15) for any substance-related acute event and 2.67 (95%CI: 1.42-5.00) for non-alcohol substance acute events compared to heterosexual women. Lesbian women did not exhibit significant differences in acute event risk compared to heterosexual women. Gay and bisexual men demonstrated elevated but not statistically significant risks compared to heterosexual men.ConclusionsBisexual women face higher risks of substance-related acute events, potentially due to self-medication of unique stressors brought on by discrimination and isolation. Enhanced education and training for healthcare professionals are essential to increase awareness and sensitivity towards the heightened substance use risk among LGB individuals. Targeted interventions aimed at reducing substance use problems among bisexual individuals warrant increased funding and research.
Crisis Management Strategies for School Leaders Affecting Academic Administration in Private Schools Under Nakhonratchasima Province Education Office
Authors: Sinlapapiromsuk Pachinee , Sanitlou Nipitpholt , Yapadit Sumitra , Nampradit Anusorn
Published: July 2023

The purposes of this research were 1) to study the level of crisis management strategies for school leaders in private schools, 2) to study the level of academic administration in private schools, 3) to create forecasting equations for academic administration from crisis management strategies for private school leaders, and 4) to propose guidelines for developing strategies for crisis management for leaders of private schools. Population in the research study consisted of school administrators (school leaders) and teachers of private schools, 4,086 persons. The sample consisted of 351 persons, selected from simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, and proportional randomization. Statistics used for data analysis were mean, standard deviation and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The study results indicated that 1) crisis management strategies for school leaders in private schools were at a high level as a whole, namely, preparedness to facilitate a crisis that may happen and creating a crisis management plan had the highest mean while setting a structure of crisis communication had the lowest mean, 2) overall academic administration in private schools was at a high level, namely, internal quality assurance system and education standard had the highest mean while measurement, evaluation and the implementation of school record transfer had the lowest mean, 3) crisis management strategies had 3 aspects being able to predict academic administration in private schools, i.e. establishing a specific unit and a declarer, creating an effective stakeholder communication plan, and setting goals and objectives, with the statistical significance at 0.05 level, which could collaboratively predict academic administration in private schools under Nakhon Ratchasima Province Education Office by 51.40%, 4) guidelines for crisis management strategy development for school leaders of private schools are potential and external factor evaluation, i.e. 1) analysis of strength and weakness, 2) analysis of opportunity and feasibility for response, 3) consideration of obstacles and difficulties of external environment that may happy, 4) application of research findings – strategies that are appropriate and consistent with the determined objectives should be selected. As for creating an effective stakeholder communication plan and setting goals and objectives should be aware of internal and external situations that arise to have mutual understanding and to ensure the operations shall meet the goals, schemes, and run in the same direction.
SINGLE AND MULTI – PHASE DYNAMICS OF THE (ANTI)FERROMAGNETIC CeCu2Si2 SYSTEMS.
Authors: Enaroseha Omamoke , Oyibo Obed , Nwabuoku Augustine Onyema , Ogo Blessing Odia
Published: July 2023

We considered the single site impurity Anderson model with the aid of the application of Exact – diagonalization technique on an open boundary system of two interacting electrons on four sites with twenty eight basis electronic states.The results obtained shows that Increasing Ce content experimentally in CeCu2Si2 is equivalent to increasing the hopping matrix element t in this study; and also increasing the values of the on-site hybridization element, V, the system which was originally AFM becomes FM. We also observed that the cost of performing these theoretical simulations is approximately the same as simulating 2 electrons on 4 sites (1-D) in the Anderson model and 4 electrons on 8 sites (1-D) in the one band Hubbard model.
EFEKTIFITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STAD TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Vadila Annisa
Published: July 2023

Proses pembelajaran memiliki peran yang signifikan dalam mencapai tujuan pendidikan. Namun, terdapat tantangan dalam memastikan bahwa proses pembelajaran berjalan optimal. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD terhadap peningkatan prestasi belajar siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah meta-analisis, yang melibatkan pengumpulan dan analisis data dari studi-studi sebelumnya yang relevan. Beberapa penelitian yang dianalisis menunjukkan adanya peningkatan yang konsisten dalam prestasi belajar siswa setelah menerapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari peningkatan persentase siswa yang memenuhi standar Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) setelah menggunakan model ini. Namun, perbedaan hasil ditemukan dalam beberapa penelitian yang mungkin dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor internal dan eksternal. Faktor seperti motivasi siswa, pelaksanaan pembelajaran, dan karakteristik populasi siswa dapat mempengaruhi efektivitas model pembelajaran ini. Selain itu, faktor-faktor seperti kondisi kelas, lingkungan sekolah, dan masyarakat juga dapat berperan dalam prestasi belajar siswa. Meskipun demikian, secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD memiliki efek positif dalam meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa. Model ini mendorong partisipasi aktif, kolaborasi, dan motivasi siswa dalam pembelajaran.
Moral Hazards and Geoengineering: Evidence from a Large-Scale Online Experiment
Authors: Schoenegger Philipp , Mintz-Woo Kian
Published: July 2023

Geoengineering (especially solar radiation management) may helpto reduce the negative outcomes of climate change by minimising orreversing global warming. However, many express the worry thatgeoengineering may pose a moral hazard, i.e., that information aboutgeoengineering may lead to a reduction in climate change mitigationefforts. In this paper, we report a large-scale pre-registered, moneyincentivised,online experiment with a representative US sample(N=2500). We compare actual behaviour (donations to climatechange charities and clicks on climate change petition links) as wellas stated preferences (support for a carbon tax and self-reportedintentions to reduce emissions) between participants who receiveinformation about geoengineering with two control groups (asalience control that shows information about climate changegenerally and a content control that shows information about adifferent topic). Behavioural choices are made with an earnedendowment, and stated preference responses are incentivised via theBayesian Truth Serum. We fail to find a significant impact ofreceiving information about geoengineering, and based onequivalence tests, we provide evidence in favour of the absence ofsuch an effect. We take this to provide evidence for the claim thatthere is no moral hazard in this context.
Measurement Invariance of the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 across U.S. East Asian, Southeast Asian, and White Participants
Authors: Hricovec Megan , Su Charlie Chung-Yih , A. Thomas , Marsh Kaetlin , Alsup Clare , Cicero David C
Published: July 2023

The Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5) was developed as a measure of the traits included in the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) in Section III of the DSM. The PID-5 is composed of 25 scales measuring each trait in the AMPD across five domains: Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Disinhibition, Antagonism, and Psychoticism. Previous research suggests that there may be important differences in the expression of personality pathology across race and culture, particularly between people with Eastern and Western cultural heritages. The goal of the current research was to examine the measurement invariance of the PID-5 across these groups. In the current study, 865 young men and women who identified as White, East Asian, or Southeast Asian completed the PID-5 and International Personality Item Pool (IPIP). On the domain level, a multigroup exploratory structural equation model found that the PID-5 had configural and metric invariance, but lacked complete scalar invariance. On an item level, all scales had configural invariance, one lacked metric invariance, and 11 of the 25 scales lacked scalar invariance across race. For the invariant scales, East and Southeast Asians tended to have higher mean scores than White participants. The PID-5 scales had similar relations with IPIP scales across groups. These results suggest that the PID-5 scales are measuring similar constructs across groups on global, structural level, but that mean scores may represent different levels of latent personality pathology across groups. The PID-5 may be confidently used in these groups, but mean comparisons should be interpreted with caution.
Individual Differences in Changes in Subjective Well-Being: The Role of Event Characteristics After Negative Life Events
Authors: Haehner Peter , Kritzler Sarah , Luhmann Maike
Published: July 2023

Negative life events can lead to lasting changes in subjective well-being (SWB). However, people change differently in their SWB after negative life events, and our understanding of factors explaining these individual differences is still limited—possibly because research so far has neglected to investigate differences in the characteristics of the experienced events (e.g., perceived impact, causes of the event). To address this gap, we examined whether perceived event characteristics and objective-descriptive characteristics of negative life events can explain individual differences in changes in SWB. We used data from a longitudinal study in which the SWB of participants (N = 1,068) who had recently experienced a negative life event was assessed at five measurement occasions over 6 months. Perceived event characteristics and objective-descriptive event characteristics were significantly related to each other. Furthermore, both kinds of event characteristics were associated with individual differences in changes in SWB. Finally, specification curve analyses illustrated that several analytical decisions (e.g., the examined SWB component) influenced the association between an event characteristic and changes in SWB. Results from these specification curve analyses can be accessed via a ShinyApp (https://life-event-research.shinyapps.io/EventCharacteristics/). Our findings provide insights into possible causes of the event perception and show that both perceived event characteristics and objective-descriptive event characteristics can help to better understand individual differences in the reaction to major life events. However, as effects seem to depend on several analytical decisions, future research is needed to identify the important characteristics of life events for different events and outcomes.
Limbic and prefrontal brain networks represent distinct information about food hedonics and inhibitory control
Authors: Avery Jason , Carrington Madeline , Ingeholm John E , Darcey Valerie , Simmons W. Kyle , Hall Kevin D , Martin Alex
Published: July 2023

Studies of the neural response to food stimuli are often guided by assumptions about the relevance of particular food properties, and may not address the properties most relevant to participants. We sought to identify those properties and their neural representation, through analyzing the neuroimaging data of 43 participants who viewed images of 36 types of food during functional MRI. We used a data-driven clustering approach based on Representational Similarity Analysis (RSA) that partitioned food-responsive brain regions into two networks, based on their multivariate response to those food images: a Prefrontal network composed of frontoparietal brain regions, and a Limbic network composed of corticolimbic and sub-cortical regions. We performed RSA within these networks using data from a task involving similarity judgements of those same foods, obtained from a large sample of online participants. We identified that the inferred healthfulness or artificiality of those foods was the greatest factor underlying similarity judgments and this property was most strongly represented within the Prefrontal network, suggesting its involvement in the regulation of food consumption. We confirmed this possibility through analysis of a second neuroimaging task, performed by the same participants, which identified that the response to food images in the Prefrontal network was modulated strongly by judgments of the self-control required to resist eating those foods. In contrast, the Limbic network response was primarily modulated by hedonic food judgments. These results suggest that food-related information is distributed across functionally distinct brain networks which act as opponent processes involved in guiding food-related behavior.
The Socio-Ecological Factors Associated with Resilience in Refugees: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Fadhlia Tengku Nila
Published: July 2023

Despite the immense challenges to mental health faced by refugees, research consistently finds that many nevertheless demonstrate remarkable resilience. However, a systematic account of the scientific literature on resilience among refugees is currently lacking. This paper aims to fill that gap by comprehensively reviewing research on protective and risk factors affecting refugees’ resilience across four socio-ecological levels: individual, family, community, and society. We conducted a systematic search in the databases PsycINFO, Web of Science, and SocINDEX, as well as contacting topic experts to seek out unpublished manuscripts. This yielded 223 studies (171 quantitative, 52 qualitative), which were subjected to systematic content coding. We found consistent evidence for substantive risk factors, including traumatic experiences and gender at the individual level and postmigration stress and unemployment at the societal level. We found social support to be a clear protective factor at the family and community levels. We discuss these findings in the context of policy and intervention programs, and make recommendations at different socio-ecological levels for supporting refugees’ resilience.
A framework for studying adults who neither have nor want children
Authors: Neal Zachary P. , Neal Jennifer Watling
Published: July 2023

The population of adults who neither have nor want children is large and growing. However, it remains poorly understood because its members can be difficult to identify in traditional demographic surveys, and existing research on the population uses a range of methods and terms. In this paper, we review current practices, then to bring a level of consistency and comparability to this literature, we propose a common framework for studying this population. First, we recommend that researchers use the term `childfree' to describe adults who neither have nor want children, because the term is short, widely-used, and preferred by members of this population. Second, we recommend that researchers define childfree adults by neither having nor wanting biological or non-biological children, recognizing that one's childfree status may change over time. Third, we recommend that researchers identify childfree adults in surveys using `want' questions (e.g., do you want children?), in combination with other questions.
The Prevalence and Correlates of Sibling Bullying Victimisation: A Socio-Ecological Investigation of over 30,000 children in 18 countries
Authors: Toseeb Umar , Deniz Emre , Noret Nathalie
Published: July 2023

Background. Sibling bullying is a common childhood experience. Recent studies have shown that correlates of sibling bullying are proximal and distal. However, a lack of cross-cultural understanding still exists on the prevalence and protective factors of sibling bullying. Objective. Underpinned by the socio-ecological framework, the aim of the current study was to examine the prevalence of sibling bullying and investigate whether positive environments protect against sibling bullying victimisation in 18 countries. Participants and Setting. We analysed existing data from an international study of over 30,000 adolescents aged 10 and 12 years old, the Children's World Survey. Methods. Adolescents reported physical and verbal sibling bullying victimisation experiences and the positive aspects of their home, neighbourhood, and school environments. Regression models were fitted to investigate whether individual- and country-level positive home, neighbourhood, and school environments are associated with sibling bullying victimisation. Results. On average, the prevalence of sibling bullying victimisation was 28%; 1 in 4 children were physically hurt or called unkind names more than three times in the last month by a sibling (excluding fighting or play fighting). The prevalence rates varied by country; ranging from 9%-59%. Whilst, on the whole, individual-level positive home, neighbourhood, and school environments were associated with reduced sibling bullying victimisation (odds ratios, .68-.85), these effects differed for each country. Country-level positive environments were not associated with sibling bullying victimisation. Conclusion. These findings demonstrate that improving adolescents’ home, neighbourhood, and school environments might serve to reduce sibling bullying victimisation.
How movement amplitude modulates preferred tempo
Authors: Kroger Carolyn
Published: July 2023

The current study examined how movement amplitude modulates preferred tempo in a finger tapping paradigm to test a preferred velocity account of the preferred tempo construct. The preferred velocity hypothesis proposes that preferred tempo does not represent a pure time preference per se, but rather reflects a preferred movement velocity, predicting a dependence of preferred tempo on movement amplitude. Participants completed unpaced finger tapping tasks that separately assessed participants’ spontaneous (preferred) movement amplitude (SMA task) and their spontaneous preferred tempo (SMT task). Preferred tempo was then also measured for three target amplitudes (10, 30, 50 mm). Participants (1) produced similar amplitudes and tempi regardless of instructions to produce either their preferred amplitude or tempo, maintaining a constant movement velocity and (2) altered their preferred tempo for different target amplitudes in the direction predicted by their estimated preferred velocity based on their performance on the SMA and SMT tasks. Overall, results support the preferred velocity hypothesis and the interdependence of movement amplitude and time in assessments of preferred tempo.
Reverse-engineering the self
Authors: Paul L.A. , Ullman Tomer David , De Freitas Julian , Tenenbaum Joshua
Published: July 2023

To think for yourself, you need to be able to solve new and unexpected problems. This requires you to identify the space of possible environments you could be in, locate yourself in the relevant one, and frame the new problem as it exists relative to your location in this new environment. Combining thought experiments with a series of self-orientation games, we explore the way that intelligent human agents perform this computational feat by “centering” themselves: orienting themselves perceptually and cognitively in an environment, while simultaneously holding a representation of themselves as an agent in that environment. When faced with an unexpected problem, human agents can shift their perceptual and cognitive center from one location in a space to another, or “re-center”, in order to reframe a problem, giving them a distinctive type of cognitive flexibility. We define the computational ability to center (and re-center) as “having a self,” and propose that implementing this type of computational ability in machines could be an important step towards building a truly intelligent artificial agent that could “think for itself”. We then develop a conceptually robust, empirically viable, engineering-friendly implementation of our proposal, drawing on well established frameworks in cognition, philosophy, and computer science for thinking, planning, and agency.
Social identity bias and communication network clustering interact to shape patterns of opinion dynamics
Authors: Steiglechner Peter , Smaldino Paul E. , Moser Deyshawn , Merico Agostino
Published: July 2023

Social influence aligns peoples' opinions, but social identities and related in-group biases interfere with this alignment. For instance, the recent rise of young climate activists (e.g. `Fridays for Future' or `Last Generation') has highlighted the importance of generational identities in the climate change debate. It is unclear how social identities affect the emergence of opinion patterns, such as consensus or disagreement, in a society. Here, we present an agent-based model to explore this question. Agents communicate in a network and form opinions through social influence. The agents have fixed social identities which involve homophily in their interaction preferences and in-group bias in their perception of others. We find that the in-group bias has opposing effects depending on the network topology. The bias impedes consensus in highly random networks by promoting the formation of echo chambers within social identity groups. In contrast, the bias facilitates consensus in highly clustered networks by aligning dispersed in-group agents across the network and, thereby, preventing the formation of isolated echo chambers. Our model uncovers the mechanisms underpinning these opposing effects of the in-group bias and highlights the importance of the communication network topology for shaping opinion dynamics.
Exploring the Commonist Tendency: A Likert Scale Approach to Assessing Transformative Social Practices in the ‘Actually Existing Pluriverse’ of Progressive Alternatives
Authors: Hosseini S A Hamed
Published: July 2023

This paper introduces a new Likert scale as a measurement tool to operationalize the concept of “commonist tendency” within the context of transformative forces. The scale was developed based on the definition provided by Hosseini (2023a) and was piloted in 2019 at a community workshop focused on strengthening the local economy and supporting community well-being. Subsequently, a national survey was conducted in 2021 in which the scale was utilized and tested in terms of validity and reliability. The commonist tendency refers to a meta-ideological inclination shared among actors within the pluriverse of transformative forces. It transcends the compartmentalization of social life into distinct categories, emphasizing the deep entanglement of economic, ecological, political, and social domains. The scale can be used to measure the level of commonist tendency among initiatives and activist organizations by assessing their alignment with four progressive processes: equalization, ecologization, democratization, and socialization. The scale consists of 16 statements representing the decompartmentalizing processes within the economy, ecology, politics, and community. The findings provide insights into the level of commonist tendency among actors and contribute to the understanding of transformative approaches within the pluriverse.
The Role of Unemployment in the ESG Model at World Level
Authors: Leogrande Angelo , Leogrande Domenico , Costantiello Alberto
Published: July 2023

In this article, we investigate the role of Unemployment-U in the context of Environmental, Social and Governance-ESG model at World Level. We use data from 193 countries in the period 2011-2021. We apply Panel Data with Random Effects, Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Pooled Ordinary Least Squares-OLS, and Weighted Least Squares-WLS. We found that among other the level of U is positively associated, among others, to “GHG Net Emissions” and “Government Effectiveness”, and negatively associated among others, to “Maximum 5 Day Rainfall” and “Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism”. Furthermore, we confront eight different machine-learning algorithms to predict the future value of U. We found that the best predictive algorithm in terms of maximization of R-squared and minimization of MAE, MSE, and RMSE is the Linear Regression. The value of U is expected to growth of 1.51% on average for the analysed countries.