bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial pathogenic variants in Whole Exome Sequencing data: from screening to diagnosis and follow-up
Authors: Skoczylas Sebastian , Płoszaj Tomasz , Gadzalska Karolina , Gorządek Monika , Jakiel Paulina , Juścińska Ewa , Malarska Maria , Traczyk-Borszyńska Magdalena , Biezynska Hanna , Rychlik Magdalena , Pastorczak Agata , Zmysłowska Agnieszka
Published: November 2024

Mutations in mitochondrial DNA play a crucial role in several diseases, but interpreting the clinical significance of mitochondrial DNA variants is challenging due to heteroplasmy, age-related loss of variants and evolving phenotypes. The aim of study was to identify mitochondrial pathogenic variants and look for association correlations with specific phenotypes for both known and new variants. We used a Python pipeline to analyse exome sequencing data from 418 patients (median age: 15 years; 52.9% males and 47.1% females), mostly diagnosed with neurological disorders, developmental and intellectual disabilities, behavioural and sensory disorders, cardiovascular and metabolic abnormalities, renal diseases and others. Screening identified 1,000 unique variants with heteroplasmy levels greater than 10% and 394 variants with 1–10% heteroplasmy, excluding hypervariable regions. Among these variants, four confirmed pathogenic variants were detected according to MITOMAP (m.1555A > G, m.3243A > G, m.9035T > C and m.11778G > A). The application of pathogenicity and frequency criteria led to the identification of nine variants with low levels of heteroplasmy, which were confirmed by next-generation sequencing. Finally, one of them, the variant m.15897G > A, was recognised as likely pathogenic. Our study highlights the complexity of diagnosing mitochondrial diseases associated with mtDNA mutations and emphasises the need for a comprehensive genotype-phenotype approach to correctly identify variants.
Barriers and Facilitators to Patient Utilization of Non-Communicable Disease Services in Primary Healthcare Facilities in Nepal: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mali Sushmita , Rhodes Elizabeth C. , Nakarmi Chandani Singh , Shrestha Soniya , Dhakal Aarati , Bharati Alina , Bishwokarma Anupama , Adhikari Asmita , Poudel Bikram , Rai Binuka Kulung , Manandhar Sangita , KC Surakshya , Timalsena Dinesh , Silwal Sashi , Dhimal Meghnath , Baral Phanindra Prasad , Teufel Felix , Bhattarai Sanju , Spiegelman Donna , Shrestha Archana
Published: November 2024

Background The Nepalese government endorsed and implemented the Package of Essential Non-Communicable Disease Interventions (PEN) by the World Health Organization (WHO) to prevent and manage four major non-communicable diseases (NCDs): cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, cancers, and chronic respiratory diseases. This study explored barriers and facilitators to patient utilization of NCD services at primary healthcare facilities in Nepal.Methodology: We conducted a qualitative study with a 35 purposive sample of patients living with one or more NCDs (hypertension, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD/ asthma) who sought healthcare at primary healthcare facilities in 14 randomly selected districts in seven provinces in Nepal that implemented PEN. Trained qualitative researchers conducted in-depth interviews in-person in a private setting using a semi-structured interview guide developed based on the Health Belief Model in the local language. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, coded inductively and deductively, and analyzed by a framework approach using Dedoose software.Results From the perspectives of patients, key facilitators of service utilization encompassed free medicines, low-cost services, geographical and financial accessibility, less waiting time, positive interactions with health service providers, experiencing improvements in their health conditions, and support from family and peers. Barriers to utilizing services included inadequate health services (e.g., lack of medications and equipment), inaccessibility and affordability, inadequate health-related information from health service providers, low knowledge of NCD care, and lack of reminders or follow ups.Conclusion Enhancing NCD service utilization is potentially attainable through interventions that address patients’ knowledge, self-motivation, and misconceptions. Furthermore, strengthening the availability and accessibility of crucial services such as laboratory investigations, medications, equipment, and the patient-provider relationship is crucial for sustainable implementation of PEN.
Pharmacovigilance analysis of drug-induced hypofibrinogenemia using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Wen Xiao , Cai Le , Gao Ao , Fu An , Guo Daihong , Zhu Man
Published: November 2024

Background
Drug-induced hypofibrinogenemia (DIHF) has received increasing scrutiny; however, the specific drugs involved remain poorly characterized. Hypofibrinogenemia can have significant clinical implications, including increased bleeding risks.
Aim
This study aimed to utilize the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) to identify and analyze drugs frequently implicated in drug-induced hypofibrinogenemia.
Method
A disproportionality analysis was conducted using FAERS data from January 2004 to March 2024. Various statistical tools were used, including the Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratio, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency metrics, and Bayesian confidence propagation neural network.
Results
The analysis included 17,627,340 cases involving 52,373,206 adverse events, with 1,661 cases identified as hypofibrinogenemia, representing just 0.0032% of the total FAERS reports. The top five drugs associated with DIHF by case number were methotrexate (124 cases), tigecycline (119 cases), tocilizumab (100 cases), pegaspargase (83 cases), and alteplase (57 cases). The drugs ranked by signal strength included eravacycline (ROR 2173.84, 95% CI 1208.80-3909.30), tigecycline (ROR 747.34, 95% CI 619.03-902.24), crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab (ROR 407.67, 95% CI 291.07-570.99), pegaspargase (ROR 216.06, 95% CI 173.15-269.61), and asparaginase (ROR 184.93, 95% CI 132.18-258.72).
Conclusion
This analysis of FAERS data identified 52 drugs associated with hypofibrinogenemia, many of which do not mention this risk in their prescribing information. These findings demonstrate the need for improved pharmacovigilance and may serve as a reference for the prevention and early intervention of DIHF.
A Novel Mitochondrial Quality Regulation Gene Signature for Anticipating Prognosis, TME, and Therapeutic Response in LUAD by Multi-Omics Analysis And Experimental Verification
Authors: Zeng Lijun , Wu Sixuan , Li Zhimin , Tang yuanbin , Tan yeru , Liang Renji , Li Yuehua
Published: November 2024

Background
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the predominant form of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Mitochondrial quality-related genes (MQRGs) contribute to the genesis and advancement of tumors. Despite advances in LUAD treatment and detection, early diagnostic biomarkers are still lacking, and the roles of MQRGs in LUAD are not well understood.
Methods
We extensively examined transcriptome and clinical data from TCGA and GEO databases to discover differentially expressed MQRGs. Utilizing the LASSO algorithm and multivariate COX regression, a predictive risk model was created. Kaplan-Meier study and ROC curves were implemented to predict patient prognosis, resulting in a new Mitochondrial Quality Regulation Gene Signature for accurate prognosis forecasting. R software and packages facilitated statistical, consensus cluster, survival, Cox regression, Lasso regression, and tumor microenvironment analyses. Model-related gene expression was measured using RT-qPCR, single-cell sequencing, HPA data, and UNCAN data.
Results
We created a concise risk model using four MQRGs (STRAP, SHCBP1, PKP2, and CRTAC1) to forecast overall survival in LUAD patients. High-risk patients experienced significantly lower survival rates. Functional analysis linked these MQRGs to alpha-linolenic acid metabolism pathways. Moreover, the tumor immune microenvironment supports previous findings that higher CD8 + T cell infiltration improves LUAD outcomes. Analysis of different risk scores showed increased activated memory T-cell CD4, suggesting its activation is crucial for LUAD prognosis. Nomograms were generated with clinical data and the MQRGscore model. mRNA and IHC analysis manifested significantly upregulated STRAP, SHCBP1, and PKP2 expression and mitigated CRTAC1 expression in the LUAD contrasted with normal lung tissue. qRT-PCR confirmed these findings, aligning with TCGA data.
Conclusions
We created a succinct MQRGs risk model to ascertain the LUAD patient's prognosis, potentially offering a novel method for diagnosing and treating this condition.
Agrarian Diet Improves Metabolic Health in HIV-positive Men with Prevotella-Rich Microbiomes: Results from a Randomized Trial
Authors: Lozupone Catherine , O'Connor John , Fouquier Jennifer , Neff Charles , Sterrett John , Marden Tyson , Fiorillo Suzanne , Siebert Janet , Schneider Jennifer , Nusbacher Nichole , Noe Amy , Higgins Blair , Higgins Janine , Campbell Thomas , Palmer Brent
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to assess the impact a high-fiber/low-fat agrarian diet (AD) on inflammation and metabolic outcomes in HIV positive men who have sex with men (MSM). Since the gut microbiome of MSM has been shown to have a striking resemblance to individuals in agrarian cultures, including being Prevotella-rich and Bacteroides-poor, we hypothesized that they would have particularly strong health benefits from consumption of a diet matched to their microbiome type. Sixty-six participants, including 36 HIV-positive MSM (HIV(+)MSM), 21 HIV-negative MSM, and 9 HIV negative men who have sex with women were randomized to either an AD or a high-fat western diet (WD) for four weeks. The AD reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in HIV(+)MSM, with more significant reductions predicted by Prevotella-rich/Bacteroides-poor microbiomes at baseline. The AD also reduced T cell exhaustion and pro-inflammatory intermediate monocytes and altered host transcription in the colonic mucosa. Our findings suggest that tailoring diet interventions to baseline microbiome type can help promote metabolic health in HIV(+)MSM.
Plant community structure and diversity along an elevation gradient in a threatened equatorial Pacific lower montane cloud forest
Authors: Roponen Sari , Moscoso Alejandra , Báez Selene , Ståhl Bertil
Published: November 2024

Elevational gradients in tropical montane forest have profound effects on plant species diversity, composition and forest structure. Studies exploring how different plant functional groups vary in diversity and composition along elevational gradients are rare, which limits our understanding of community-wide variation in tropical montane landscapes. We explored how tree and non-tree plants (climbers, epiphytes, epiphytic ferns, hemi-epiphytes, herbaceous ferns, herbs, shrubs and treelets) varied in abundance, species richness, diversity and composition along a ~ 400 m elevation gradient in a lower montane forest in western Ecuador. Results indicate that elevation affect mainly patterns of species composition of the tree and non-tree plant communities, but has little effect on other aspects of the plant community, including forest structure, species richness and diversity. We hypothesize that cloud bank formation at 500 m elevation was the main abiotic driver of shifts in plant species composition along our elevation gradient. Interspecific interactions may also have affected differences in the distribution of certain plant groups (e.g., climbers and hemi-epiphytes). Overall, this study shows that plant communities with distinct species composition occur along the elevation gradient, but that these communities have equivalent species richness, diversity and forest structure. Several endemic plant species were identified at our study site, highlighting the urgent need to protect these unique montane forest ecosystems.
DFT investigation of Schiff-base and pyridine derivatives mixed ligands in metal transition complexes: Electronic structures, EDA-NOCV analysis and absorption spectra simulation
Authors: Boukehil Ghouzala , Zerizer Mohamed Amie , Mecheri Sabri , Zouchoune Bachir
Published: November 2024

DFT calculations using both BP86 and B3LYP functionals have been carried out on a series of complexes of the types [M(L1)(L2)]2+, [M(L2)2]2+, [M(L2)(L3)2]2+ and [M((L3)4]2+ (M = Ni, Pd, Cu, Zn and L1 = N-(4methoxybenzylidene) isonicotihydrazone bidentate Schiff base, L2 = 2,2’-bipyridine and L3 = pyridine). A complete rationalization of bonding is provided of these kinds of complexes, where the predicted structures provide to the M(II) cations a perfect square planar geometry for Ni(II), Pd(II) and Cu(II) and a tetrahedral one for Zn(II). Large HOMO-LUMO gaps are calculated for all optimized structures of singlet spin state except for Cu(II) with a doublet spin state; suggesting good chemical stabilities The TD-DFT theoretical study performed on the optimized geometries permitted us to predict the UV–Vis spectra and to pinpoint accurately the spectral positions and the nature of the different electronic transitions according to their molecular orbital localization, hence, the available experimental UV–Vis spectra are compared to our findings. The electronic spectra obtained in ethanol solvent predict more important red shifts for the complexed species compared to those of free ligands as consequence of coordination between the metal cation and different ligands.
Primary Care and Care Continuity in the Context of a Health Crisis: Lessons Learned from the Brazilian Reality
Authors: Viana Mônica Martins Oliveira , Garcia Mariana Tarricone , Costa Maria Izabel Sanches , Duarte Lígia Schiavon , Sala Arnaldo , Pontes Barbara Martins , Fernandez Michelle , Viana Mônica Martins Oliveira
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Primary health care (PHC) is essential for achieving universal health coverage, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where it has been associated with curbing health inequalities and providing financial protection. It is distinguished from other care levels by its essential attributes: longitudinality, first-contact care, comprehensiveness, and care coordination across the network. PHCs played a crucial role during the COVID-19 pandemic, and providing continuous care while coordinating testing and contact tracing was challenging. It is necessary to adapt its operations to ensure care. This study explores the influence of essential PHC attributes and local organizational strategies on care continuity during the pandemic.
Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted with health managers from municipalities in the state of São Paulo in a sample stratified by population size. The survey was applied in 259 municipalities, and the weighted analysis considered 553 municipalities. We evaluated indicators related to care continuity in PHC, convergence with essential PHC attributes, local strategies such as telecare, and the adaptation of PHC units (UBSs) to an exclusive COVID-19 PHC service. Statistical analyses included Pearson’s correlation and multiple linear regression.
Results: Care continuity in PHC was significantly associated with convergence of essential PHC attributes (r=0.453, p=0.000), PHC coverage, investment in telecare, and the transformation of UBS to care exclusively for COVID-19 patients. The regression model revealed that these variables significantly influenced care maintenance during the pandemic, and convergence of essential PHC attributes was the most relevant factor.
Conclusion: Convergence in the essential attributes of comprehensive PHC was crucial for care continuity during the pandemic. Owing to the essential attributes of comprehensive PHC, continued strengthening of PHC is necessary to ensure the resilience of health systems, and we recommend future studies on the implementation of the essential attributes of comprehensive PHC.
Conceptualizing and testing fidelity-adaptation in the context of developing a digital intervention for depression from an evidence-based in-person format
Authors: Chau Leena W , Murphy Jill K , Nguyen Vu Cong , Tran Hai , Minas Harry , Lam Raymond W , Hayashi Kanna , Nguyen Xuan , Krebs Emanuel , O'Neil John
Published: November 2024

Background
Digital interventions, such as smartphone apps, have emerged as a promising way to better meet growing population mental health needs. The evidence for many of these digital interventions is currently limited, especially in the context of those adapted from in-person formats. Our team developed a digital depression intervention (VMood) in Vietnam. VMood, adapted from an evidence-based in-person intervention (SSM) developed in Canada, uses cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) principles with remote coaching by non-specialist providers.
Fidelity-adaptation is a major tension in implementation science. Fidelity is the degree an intervention is delivered as intended. Conversely, adaptations are sometimes made to address specific contexts. This paper aims to identify key elements of fidelity-adaptation – the degree VMood is consistent with the theoretical aspects of the SSM intervention and practical aspects of implementing digitally in the Vietnamese setting.
Methods
This study uses Dimensions from Dane and Schneider’s Implementation Fidelity Evaluation Framework: adherence (D1), quality (D2), participant responsiveness (D3), and program differentiation (D4). Discourse data from team meetings explored elements that must remain intact (D1) and those requiring adaptation to fit the digital modus and local cultural context (D4). Non-specialist providers with SSM knowledge and app users from Vietnam tested VMood. Experts familiar with CBT from Vietnam and Canada provided theoretical feedback. Interviews or focus groups were conducted with all participants to gain insights into (D1-4). All qualitative data were analyzed using thematic content analysis.
Results
Key findings were: Adherence (D1): participants agreed that VMood captures the important theoretical content from SSM, with the same content being delivered in a different format and Program Differentiation (D4): participants presented a variety of adaptation suggestions unique for the digital format to strengthen VMood’s acceptability, including keeping the app simple by reducing the amount of text; incorporating more dynamic content (e.g., animations, videos) to increase engagement; and including more culturally appropriate scenarios.
Conclusions
The updated VMood intervention is currently being implemented in a randomized controlled trial across eight provinces in Vietnam. With the global increase in digital health services adapted from in-person delivery, understanding how to balance fidelity with necessary adaptations is important both theoretically and practically.
Vertex pinning and stretching of single molecule DNA in a linear polymer solution
Authors: Santiago Juan , MA KUNLIN , Samuel Caleb , Paul Soumyadeep , Memarian Fereshteh , Vukasin Gabrielle , Darvish Armin
Published: November 2024

Trapping, linearization, and imaging of single molecule DNA is of broad interest to both biophysicists who study polymer physics and engineers who build nucleic acid analyzing methods such as optical mapping. In this study, single DNA molecules in a neutral linear polymer solution were driven with an axial electric field through microchannels and their dynamics were studied using fluorescence microscopy. We observed that above a threshold electric field, individual DNA molecules become pinned to the channel walls at a vertex on each molecule and are stretched in the direction opposite to the electric field. Upon removal of the electric field, pinned DNA molecules undergo relaxation within a few seconds to a Brownian coil around the vertex. After 10’s of seconds, DNA is released and free to electromigrate. The method enables high quality imaging of single-molecule DNA with high throughput using simple-to-fabricate fluidic structures. We analyze the conditions needed for trapping, relaxation dynamics, and the repeatability of vertex pinning. We hypothesize DNA entangles with neutral linear polymers adsorbed to walls. We hypothesize that a sufficiently high electric force on the DNA is required to expel a hydration layer between the DNA and the wall-adsorbed neutral linear polymers. The elimination of the hydration layer may increase the friction between charged DNA and the uncharged polymer, promoting vertex pinning of DNA.
Unmet Needs of Breast Cancer Survivors and Related Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kocatepe Vildan , Uslu Yasemin , Zengin Derya Subaşı , Aydoğdu Çise , Uras Cihan
Published: November 2024

Background: It is essential to identify the met and unmet needs of breast cancer survivors. Furthermore, the sociodemographic and disease related characteristics of survivors can influence their needs. The aim of this study is to investigate the unmet needs of breast cancer survivors and the related factors.
Methods: The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study. The population of this study consisted of 442 breast cancer survivors in Senology Institute Breast Clinic in Istanbul. The data of the study were collected by Breast Cancer Survivor Evaluation Form and The Cancer Survivors’ Unmet Needs (CaSUN) Scale between January 2021 and January 2023. Results: The mean ages of the was 47.88±9.26. The womens' met needs score of CaSUN was 7.52±8.58. The unmet needs score of CaSUN was 9.37±9.82, and the total needs score was 16.93±10.74. Among the 258 women who had children, there was a statistically significant, positive correlation between the number of children and the unmet needs scores (r=.184; p=.004), negative correlation between the met needs scores of the women (r=-.129; p=.044). There was a statistically significant difference in the unmet needs scores among women based on their marital status (t=2.04; p=.042).
Conclusions: The study with breast cancer survivors in Turkey identified specific unmet needs focussing on psychosocial and information-related domains. Furthermore, certain sociodemographic characteristics such as being married, having children, and employment status have been found to influence the unmet needs of survivors.
Age-standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality rates and future projections of autoimmune diseases in China: a systematic analysis based on GBD 2021
Authors: Xiao Yanhua , Hong Xuezhi , Neelagar Ranjana , Mo Hanyou
Published: November 2024

Aim
To evaluate the age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR), prevalence rates (ASPR), and mortality rates (ASMR) of asthma, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Psoriasis, and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) in China from 1990 to 2021, and predict the future incidence of these autoimmune diseases (ADs).
Method
Data was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2021. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to assess the temporal trends of ASIR, ASPR, and ASMR. Bayesian age–period–cohort (BAPC) was employed to predict the incidence rates of these ADs in China from 2022 to 2046.
Results
In 2021, the ASIR, ASPR, and ASMR of asthma were 364.17 (95% uncertainty intervals (UI) : 283.22 to 494.10), 1956.49 (1566.68 to 2491.87), and 1.47 (1.15 to 1.79); of T1DM were 2.67 (2.21 to 3.26), 86.78 (70.55, 107.44) and 0.23 (0.19, 0.29); of IBD were 1.40 (1.21, 1.68), 9.16 (7.80, 11.01), and 0.33 (0.25, 0.44); of MS were 0.16 (0.13, 0.20), 2.23 (1.74, 2.83), and 0.006 (0.005, 0.007), of RA were 13.70 (12.12, 15.55), 240.70 (210.77, 277.95), and 0.54 (0.39, 0.66), respectively. The ASIR and ASPR of psoriasis were 59.70 (57.85, 61.59), and 474.02 (458.60, 488.88). The ASIR for Asthma, T1DM, IBD, MS, Psoriasis, and RA will be 330.98, 5.8, 1.4, 0.21, 80.9, and 15.54 per 100,000 population in 2046, respectively.
Conclusion
Although ASMR has been consistently decreasing in China, there is still a continued rise in the ASIR, ASPR and future ASIR for most ADs, except for asthma.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Adverse Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes: A Cohort Study of Pregnant People in a Maternity Hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Brendolin Michelle de Oliveira , Wakimoto Mayumi Duarte , de Oliveira Raquel de Vasconcellos Carvalhaes , Mageste Larissa Rangel , Nielsen-Saines Karin , Brasil Patrícia
Published: November 2024

Background
Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, there was no evidence that COVID-19 posed greater risk to pregnant people. Over the subsequent year, it became clear that pregnancy rendered more at higher risk of severe COVID-19. There is, however, a paucity of data regarding COVID-19 perinatal outcomes in low-middle income countries (LMIC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in a reference maternity hospital, in a low income setting in Rio de Janeiro during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
The study was conducted a prospective cohort study of 1,185 pregnant people ≥ 16 years admitted to a maternity hospital and their infants from March 2020 to March 2022. Participants with laboratory confirmed SARS CoV-2 infection were considered infected. An exploratory analysis of qualitative variables was conducted with absolute and relative frequencies and 95% confidence intervals calculated. Survival functions were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the Cox proportional hazards model was employed to interpret the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on time to adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes, adjusted for vaccination, comorbidity and gestational trimester.
Results
A total of 21% (249/1185) patients were infected with SARS-CoV-2, with a median age of 26 (range: 16–47). Cesarean section deliveries were performed in 54% (135/249) SARS CoV-2 + participants vs 41.7% (391/936) of uninfected, p = < 0.001. SARS CoV-2 vertical transmission was observed in 6 of 169 (3.6%) tested neonates. Preterm deliveries occurred more frequently in patients testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 (30.7% vs 23.6). In the survival analysis, no effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection was observed on prematurity (HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.66–1.11) and adverse perinatal outcomes including fetal distress (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.59–1.49); stillbirth (HR: 0.84, 95% IC: 0.42–1.71) and neonatal death (HR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.39–2.14), even after adjusting for vaccination, comorbidity and gestational trimester of infection. Intensive care unit admission and/or death occurred in 68 of 1185 participants (5.7%); 44 of 249 participants (17.7%) infected with SARS CoV-2 vs. 24 of 936 uninfected participants (2.5%). Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 were at greater risk of adverse maternal outcomes (crude HR: 6.12, 95% CI: 3.70-10.14; adjusted HR: 5.60, 95% CI: 3.35–9.37) than uninfected pregnant participants. All 21 participants who died were unvaccinated against COVID-19.
Conclusion
The risk of maternal death due to COVID-19 highlights the need for adequate preventive measures, particularly vaccination, during the prenatal and postpartum periods.
Maternal stressors disrupt mouse placental proteome and fetal brain development in a sex-specific fashion through inflammation and oxidative stress
Authors: Berry Alessandra , Musillo Chiara , Ajmone-Cat Maria Antonietta , De Simone Roberta , Tassinari Roberta , Maranghi Francesca , Tait Sabrina , Samà Marianna , Giona Letizia , Pieroni Eleonora , Alessi Roberta , Henning Thorsten , Weber Daniela , Lippert Rachel , Pisanu Maria Elena , Chirico Mattea , Iorio Egidio , Fratini Federica , Cirulli Francesca
Published: November 2024

Adverse maternal conditions during pregnancy result in an increased risk for neuropsychiatric disorders in the offspring, although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We have recently shown that two distinct insults, maternal psychophysical stress (PNS) or high-fat diet (mHFD), increase inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain of adolescent female mice. Here, we sought to investigate the early mechanisms underlying such effects, focusing on the placenta and fetal brain, as well as the protective effects of the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), in C57Bl6/N mice. We used a multi-disciplinary approach combining proteomic, metabolomic, lipidomic and histological analysis to characterize the structural and functional changes of the placenta; moreover, a targeted gene expression analysis was carried-out in the brains of male and female fetuses to evaluate oxidative stress and inflammatory-related changes. Our data highlight comparable, but sex-specific, responses to the two maternal stressors, which target placenta and fetal brain, and are buffered by NAC administration. Placental function was specifically disrupted in males, with signaling pathways of cardio-metabolic risk emerging in this sex. By contrast, fetal brain was affected in females, with an increased expression of genes related to inflammation and oxidative stress. In conclusion, we provide evidence for an early origin of sex-dependent embedding of prenatal adverse experiences in different organs which might explain differential susceptibility to later disease trajectories.
Comparison between ChatGPT 3.0 and Google Gemini Regarding Medicine Knowledge
Authors: Hassan Md. Mahadi , Nohor Noushin
Published: November 2024

ChatGPT and Gemini AI are two of the most advanced and enhanced large language models widely used worldwide for various purposes. These models are built to facilitate human civilization with their generative capability to produce solutions and suggestions for different purposes, in a human-like conversation type with predictive texts. This study aimed to identify the potential differences between these two models in the case of possessing medical knowledge. A set of multiple-choice questions (MCQ) was adapted from a medicine textbook, and the correct answers were identified by matching the answers in the textbook and a medical expert. Then both of the models were asked to identify the correct answers from the options given to them. They were scored based on their ability to identify the correct answers. The findings revealed that both AI models possess significantly less knowledge of different disease domains and are not sufficiently reliable for medical assistance, though ChatGPT 3.5 possesses slightly better knowledge than its counterpart Google Gemini. The developers should focus on these models to make them more reliable in medical education so that our medical students and doctors can utilize the full potential of Artificial Intelligence in their medical lives for both learning and application.
Influence of serotonin on the long-term muscle contraction of the Kohnstamm phenomenon
Authors: Schmidt Annika , Meindl Tobias , Albu-Schäffer Alin , Franklin David W. , Stratmann Philipp
Published: November 2024

Neuromodulation plays a central role in human movement control. An imbalance of neurotransmitters, especially dopamine and serotonin, can be associated with various neurological disorders causing tremors or spasms. Specifically, serotonin was shown to scale motoneuron excitability following intense muscle contractions, affecting short-latency reflexes. Likely, it may also influence motoneuron modulation in prolonged contractions, although this lacks experimental evidence. An intriguing test case for this hypothesis is presented by the Kohnstamm phenomenon, where sustained muscle contractions lead to prolonged amplified EMG activity and involuntary motions, aligning with the timescale of serotonergic amplification. The suspected serotonin influence on this effect was tested in a placebo-controlled human user study with 14 participants, where half were administered the serotonin antagonist Cyproheptadine and the other half a placebo. Comparing EMG and force responses after inducing the Kohnstamm phenomenon in the deltoid muscles, revealed statistically significant faster EMG decay with the serotonin antagonist, while decay remained consistent in the placebo group compared to the response of the same participant group without medication. The force measurements showed the same trend, although no significance. This provides new data-based evidence that serotonin contributes to long-term motoneuron modulation, extending previous findings about the dedicated role and influence of this neurotransmitter.
A Scoping Review using the COM-B Model to Examine the Barriers and Facilitators to Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing among African and Caribbean Heritage Communities in High-Income Countries
Authors: Adeniyi Temilola , Cabral Christie , Horwood Jeremy
Published: November 2024

Background: African and Caribbean communities in high-income countries face disproportionate sexually transmitted infection (STI) risks. In the US, the gonorrhoea rate among non-Hispanic Blacks is 7.7 times greater than that among non-Hispanic Whites, and the chlamydia rate is 5.6 times greater. In the UK, black caribbeans have the highest gonorrhoea and chlamydia rates among all ethnic minority groups. Identifying barriers to and facilitators of STI testing is crucial for developing effective interventions. This scoping review maps current evidence on multilevel factors influencing STI testing behaviours among these populations onto the COM-B (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour) model, which posits that capability (i.e., knowledge/skill), opportunity (i.e., social and environmental influence), and motivation (i.e., confidence/beliefs) are essential for engaging in a behaviour (i.e., STI testing).
Methods: Two databases were searched for studies published between 2013 and 2024 on STI testing barriers and facilitators among African and Caribbean populations in high-income countries. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies were included. The titles/abstracts were screened, the data were charted, and the findings were synthesized via COM-B as an organizing framework.
Results: Fifty-eight studies were included. The key capability barriers were low STI knowledge and language difficulties. Social opportunity barriers included stigma, discrimination, and lack of support. Clinic times and locations impeded physical opportunities. The motivation barriers were fear of positive results, cost, risk perception, confidentiality concerns, and competing priorities.
The facilitators included awareness initiatives, treatment knowledge (capability), supportive networks, outreach (social opportunity), free testing, convenient options (physical opportunity), and risk perceptions, relationships, and incentives (motivation).
Conclusion: This review highlights the complex interplay of COM-B factors influencing STI testing among African and Caribbean heritage communities, drawing attention to pervasive stigma and socioeconomic barriers. Multilevel interventions should enhance capability through education, opportunity via community coproduction and convenient testing, and motivation by addressing stigma and leveraging facilitators. Integrating an intersectionality lens and evaluating community-driven approaches are future directions for promoting sexual health equity.
Empirical Techniques For Effort Estimation in Designing Effective ML Models
Authors: A Padhmanabha Reddy Y C , Kosuru Sai Sathwik , Sirisalla Nageswara Rao , N Vivekananda G , Perala Venkata Akanksha
Published: November 2024

Machine Learning Research often involves the use of diverse libraries, modules, and pseudocodes for data processing, cleaning, filtering, pattern recognition, and computer intelligence. Quantization of Effort Required for the above cumulative processes is rarely discussed in the existing works & The time to reach the desired level of the model’s functionality is essential to gauge the environment training for the model training & pre-deployment testing. In this study, we empirically defined the manual-cum-computational effort required for the model development in terms of 2-time factors: time-to-live(time until 1st code modification) and time-for-modification(time between 2 codebase changes) taken together in a mathematical model to compute Effort Factor(quantitative measure of determining effort needed to design ML algorithms). The study is novel in terms of how the effort required to create ML models is calculated with a particular focus on the manual effort direction. The results and the findings obtained can be used for determining the total time needed to synthesize ML models & frameworks in terms of code change cycles and implementation strategies marking a 25% performance increase in the current method above the Standard Pipeline.
Vaccination schedule and age influence impaired responsiveness to hepatitis B vaccination: a randomized trial in Central Asia
Authors: Heisig Janyn , Nurmatov Zuridin , Riese Peggy , Trittel Stephanie , Sattarova Gulsunai J. , Temirbekova Saikal N. , Zhumagulova Gulnara Zh. , Nuridinova Zhanylai N. , Derkenbaeva Aysuluu , Arykbaeva Bubuzhan K. , Dzhangaziev Bakyt I. , Prokein Jana , Klopp Norman , Illig Thomas , Guzmán Carlos A. , Kasymov Omor T. , Akmatov Manas K. , Pessler Frank
Published: November 2024

Background
Vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most cost-efficient measure to prevent infection. Still, vaccination coverage among adults in Central Asia, including Kyrgyzstan, remains suboptimal and data about immune responses to HBV vaccination are lacking. HBV vaccination is given as three injections, whereby the 2nd and 3rd doses are given 1 and 6 months after the 1st (0-1-6 scheme). However, compliance with the 3rd dose is low in Kyrgyzstan, presumably due to the long time interval between the 2nd and 3rd doses, suggesting that a shortened vaccination schedule could result in better adherence and increased seroconversion.
Method
We conducted a randomized trial of individuals aged 17–66 years comparing the 0-1-6 scheme against a shorter 0-1-3 scheme. Primary outcome measures were post-vaccination titers and the percentage of participants with protective post-vaccination titers (≥ 10 mIU/ml).
Results
Compliance with completeness of blood draws and administered 3rd vaccine dose was better with the 0-1-3 scheme than with the 0-1-6 scheme. In both study arms combined, younger age (< 40 years) was associated with better vaccine protection. The 0-1-6 scheme resulted in higher post-vaccination titers (52 versus 15 mIU/ml, p = 0.002) and a higher seroprotection rate (85% versus 64%, p = 0.01) than the 0-1-3 scheme, whereby post-vaccination titers correlated negatively with age in the 0-1-3 scheme.
Conclusion
The 0-1-6 scheme should continue to be the preferred HBV vaccination schedule, but interventions to improve compliance with the 3rd vaccine dose are needed.
Trial registration:
Research Registry, researchregistry10361, Registered 04 June 2024, Retrospectively registered, https://www.researchregistry.com/browse-the-registry#home/registrationdetails/665ed4e94d638f00294d35df/
Assessing the Implementation of Bim for Cost Management by Quantity Surveyors in Nigeria
Authors: Olubunmi ADE-OJO Comfort , Emmanuel Akintan Olalekan , Mayowa OKESOOTO Abiodun
Published: November 2024

Construction industry plays a central role in the economic development of most countries; however, it faces major issues relating to project complexity and cost control. Nigeria has not been an exception to high costs in building projects for such challenges, and new technique known as Building Information Modelling (BIM) could potentially provide a solution to these difficulties and rectify inadequate cost management practices. This research therefore sought to evaluate the application of BIM for cost control as per the Quantity Surveyors in construction industry of Lagos State, Nigeria. The survey aimed at assessing the level of BIM realization among Quantity Surveyors while the main focus areas concerned: Identifying the barriers to BIM implementation and Realizing the changes of Quantity Surveyors’ activities due to BIM implementation. The target population was Consultant and Contractor Quantity Surveyors in Lagos State. Closed questionnaires were used to gather data which was later analyzed by the use of Chi-square tests results, mean scores as well as regression products. It was emerged that there is a low level of BIM implementation in regard to cost management; BIM is adopted for few quantity surveying tasks. H1 revealed that the major challenges towards its implementation were the expensive nature of deploying BIM software, cost of training, and limited availability of skilled professional. The other outcome of the analysis was that the BIM implementation for cost management would not significantly enhance the role of Quantity Surveyors, although there would be a positive influence. To address the research question, the study recommends the following: increase awareness of Quantity Surveyors in the capabilities of BIM, ensure proper training to be offered by professional bodies of Quantity Surveyors and the inclusion of BIM in the curricula of universities in the Quantity Surveying program. Also, professional bodies should formulate guidelines to compel BIM emission among the quantity surveying organizations.
Stabilizing Excited-State of Organic Phosphorescent Photosensitizers via Self-Assembly for Boosting Photoreduction of CO2-to-CO
Authors: Cai Zhengxu , Xiong Chenchen , Wang Ping , Ma Yao , Zhang Yongfeng , Cheng Xin , Chao Cong , Kang Lingling , Li Gengchen , Sun Peng , Shi Jianbing , Tong Bin , Shao Xiangfeng , Zhang Zhi-Ming , Dong Yuping
Published: November 2024

The development of pure organic photosensitizers remains challenging due to low intersystem crossing (ISC) efficiency and the instability of triplet excitons. Herein, a series of organic phosphorescent molecules are prepared as the photosensitizers. The extensive conjugation of fused-ring cores enhances visible-light absorption, while heteroatom-rich structures promote ISC process, effectively generating triplet excitons. 2,3,5,6,9,10-Hexabutoxy-8-phenyldithieno-triphenyleno-pyridine (TPy) exhibits high ISC efficiency and can sensitize Fe-catalyst efficiently for photoreduction CO2-to-CO. A novel strategy of doping phosphorescent molecules into the core of amphiphilic nanoparticles (NPs) formed by polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PS-b-PEG) was further developed. PS, the core of the NPs, can stabilize the triplet excitons generated by TPy due to its rigid polymer backbone, resulting in enhanced photocatalytic efficiency. Meanwhile, PEG serves as the corona of the NPs, improving stability and dispersibility. Notably, this self-assembled strategy increases the sensitization efficiency of TPy (TONCAT = 2041, 51.02 µmol CO) by nearly 50%, and even after three catalytic cycles, 93.5% of the original sensitization ability is retained. This result opens a new avenue for developing novel molecular organic photosensitizers and stabilizing their excited-states for efficient application in photoredox reactions.
Monetary Policy Rates: It’s Influence on Banks' Nifty Index
Authors: Belavadi Nikhil
Published: November 2024

The manuscript provides empirical evidence of the direct and indirect effects of monetary policy rates on the stock performance of the banking sector, so expanding our understanding beyond the current body of work in public policy and marketing. Although earlier research has examined the more general effects of monetary policy on the stock market and economy, this paper focuses on the unique dynamics of the Indian banking industry and provides fresh information on how sensitive bank stock values are to interest rate fluctuations.
A variety of policy players, such as central banks, financial regulators, and institutional investors, will be greatly impacted by the study's conclusions. The results highlight the significance of carefully calibrating interest rate increases for the RBI and monetary policy committees, considering their significant impact on the stability of the banking system and stock market performance. Institutional investors can now make better-informed investment decisions in the banking industry because to the study's fuller understanding of the opportunities and risks related to interest rate swings.
THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE IN SHAPING THE BEHAVIOR OF SME ACTORS (A MULTI-CASE STUDY IN KEDIRI CITY)
Authors: Yuliani Yuliani , Sugiarto Suprihantosa
Published: November 2024

Abstract: In Indonesia, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) make up approximately 99% of the total businesses and absorb 97% of the workforce, making SMEs a key contributor to the economic sector. However, the waste produced by SMEs is also considerable when compared to large-scale businesses. Research discussing the environmental impact of SME economic activities is still very limited, despite the importance of the relationship between SMEs and the environment as a critical issue to study. The aim of this study is to obtain an in-depth and holistic description of the knowledge, attitude, and production behavior of SME actors regarding environmentally conscious production. This research is qualitative in nature. Three data collection procedures will be used in this study: interviews, observations, and documentation. Based on the analysis conducted, the research findings are: (1) business owners have limited knowledge of environmentally conscious economics; (2) SME owners have a positive attitude towards environmentally conscious business practices; (3) some SMEs still use raw materials harmful to the environment and do not engage in waste management.
Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Environmentally Conscious Behavior
 
Abstrak: Di Indonesia, jumlah pelaku Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM) sekitar 99% dari total perusahaan/usaha yang ada di Indonesia dan  menyerap 97% tenaga kerja sehingga UKM memainkan peran penting memberikan konstribusi di sektor ekonomi. Namun, limbah yang dihasilkan oleh UKM juga tidak kalah besar jika dibandingkan dengan usaha skala besar. Penelitian yang membahas dampak aktivitas ekonomi dari UKM terhadap permasalahan lingkungan juga masih minim sekali. Padahal, antara UKM dan lingkungan merupakan permasalahan yang penting untuk diteliti. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh deskripsi secara mendalam dan holistik tentang pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku produksi yang dimiliki oleh pelaku UKM tentang produksi berwawasan lingkungan. Sehingga penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Ada tiga prosedur pengumpulan data yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu: wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan analisis yang telah dilakukan, temuan penelitian adalah (1) pengusaha memiliki pengetahuan yang terbatas tentang ekonomi berwawasan lingkungan. (2) pemilik UKM memiliki sikap yang setuju/mendukung terhadap usaha yang berwawasan lingkungan. (3)  masih terdapat UKM yang mengunakan bahan baku yang membahayakan lingkungan dan tidak melakukan pengolahan limbah.
Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan, Sikap, Perilaku Berwawasan Lingkungan