bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacto de la educación de la madre sobre la desnutrición crónica infantil para los años 2002 al 2016 en Perú
Authors:   , Rengifo Calmet Jessica Alexandra
Published: April 2022

El presente trabajo estudia el impacto de la educación de la madre sobre la desnutrición crónica infantil para los años 2002 al 2016 en Perú. Este estudio se realizó mediante un análisis por diversos métodos del modelo econométrico de Variables Instrumentales. Se presentan los resultados para Mínimos Cuadrados en dos Etapas y Método Generalizado del Momento. También se realizan los modelos econométricos de Inclusión Residual en Dos Etapas y Probit para datos de panel. En la presente investigación se utilizó la Base de Datos Niños del Milenio. Se obtiene como resultado principal que la educación de la madre tiene un impacto negativo sobre la desnutrición crónica infantil por cada modelo econométrico para los años 2002 al 2016 en Perú. Palabras clave: Mínimos Cuadrados en dos Etapas; Método Generalizado del Momento; Modelo de Inclusión Residual en Dos Etapas; Probit Panel; Salud; Desnutrición Crónica Infantil; Riqueza; Logro Educativo; Perú; Niños del Milenio.
Accountability and Responsiveness in the Covid-19 Response in Bangladesh
Authors: Huq Aurin
Published: April 2022

This research briefing summarises priority areas for future research and stakeholders with whom to engage as identified in the scoping paper "Accountability and Responsiveness in the Covid-19 Response in Bangladesh" by Shuvra Chowdhury, Department of Public Administration, University of Rajshahi and Naomi Hossain, Accountability Research Center, School of International Service, American University. The paper and this briefing were commissioned for the Covid-19 Learning, Evidence and Research Programme in Bangladesh (CLEAR). CLEAR aims to build a consortium of research partners to deliver policy-relevant research and evidence for Bangladesh to support the Covid-19 response and inform preparation for future shocks.
Potentials allowing integration of the perturbed two-body problem in regular coordinates
Authors: Poleshchikov S.M.
Published: April 2022

The problem of separation of variables in some coordinate systems obtained with the use of L-transformationsis studied. Potentials are shown that allow separation of regular variables in a perturbed twobody problem. The potential contains two arbitrary smooth functions. An example of a potential is considered allowing explicit solution of the problem in terms of elliptic functions. The cases of boundedand unbounded motion are shown. The results of numerical experiments are given.
Lie algebra contractions and the Lindblad equation
Authors:   Institute of Physics and Mathematics FRC Komi SC UB RAS, Kostyakov I.V. , Kuratov V.V. , Gromov N.A.
Published: April 2022

The dynamics of an open quantum system leads to decoherence, which is accompanied by limiting transitions in the Lie algebra of observables and appearance of abelian subalgebras. It is possible to set an inverse problem as well – by a given Lie algebra contraction to find the dynamics of an open quantum system given by the Lindblad equation. The paper proposes examples of finding the Lindblad equation by the known contractions of algebra su(3).
Analysis of the Effects of Factors, Which Affect Language Acquisition, on Four Basic Language Skills
Authors: ÇİFTÇİ ERTÜRK Dilan , ÖZDEMİR Mehmet
Published: April 2022

Lesson planning has always been of great importance in education and training processes. However, the lack of appropriate educational materials and the variable target group require the teacher to take an active role in this planning. In language acquisition, it is of great importance to develop four basic language skills at the same rate. However, many factors affect language acquisition. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of the factors, which affect language acquisition, on four basic language skills. In the study, document analysis technique, which is the basic qualitative research design, was used. The study first discusses which factors affect language acquisition. These factors are age, gender, ability, motivation, cognitive style, personality and teaching strategies, respectively. Then, the effects of each factor on the four language skills of speaking, writing, reading and listening were evaluated in detail. In this context, the practices that should be considered especially for different student groups that are encountered during the course were evaluated. It was determined that the diversity of methods and materials was especially important in the education process. In addition, it was emphasized that it is important for teachers to know the factors affecting the four basic language skills.
Cambios en incisivos y su relación con el punto A y el ángulo nasolabial en pacientes Clase II división 2 tratados con y sin extracciones en el Centro Dental Docente UPCH.
Authors: Meneses Abraham , Podestá Giannina , Su Stefany
Published: April 2022

Antecedentes: Diversos estudios describen las características de la maloclusión clase II-2, sin embargo, son escasos los estudios que evalúan las repercusiones del tratamiento sobre tejidos blandos y esqueléticos. Objetivo: Evaluar los cambios post tratamiento en inclinación y posición incisiva y su relación con el ángulo nasolabial (ANL) y el punto A (PA) en pacientes Clase II división 2, con y sin extracciones en casos de la especialidad de Ortodoncia de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Material y métodos: se realizaron trazados manuales y mediciones de 62 radiografías cefalométricas laterales (31 pre y 31 post-tratamiento), de pacientes con maloclusión de Clase II división 2. El análisis estadístico se realizó con SPSS 21.0 para Windows. Resultados: Se observan proinclinación y protrusión incisiva en todos los pacientes. En pacientes con exodoncias el ANL presentó cambios no significativos, pero correlaciones significativas: cuando aumentó la inclinación incisiva inferior disminuyó el ANL; cuando aumentó el ANL, aumentó el ángulo interincisal (AII). El punto A (PA) experimentó cambios y correlaciones, pero no significativas. En pacientes sin exodoncias no se encontraron correlaciones ni cambios significativos en PA ni en ANL. Las mujeres tratadas sin exodoncia no presentaron cambios significativos, en los hombres los cambios más significativos fueron la inclinación y protrusión incisiva inferior. En los casos con exodoncias en hombres fue el AII; y en las mujeres el AII y el ángulo incisivo superior/ plano palatino. Conclusiones: Existe una relación entre los cambios que se producen en los incisivos y el ANL y PA, aunque la mayoría no son estadísticamente significativos.
Evaluación del tiempo de exposición de una resina Bulk-Fill en preparaciones profundas
Authors: Vásquez-Castro Eva , Portella-Atamari José , Melendez Diego , Ramirez-Vilchez Nicol , Delgado-Cotrina Leyla
Published: April 2022

Antecedentes: Las resinas compuestas tipo Bulk-Fill (BF) son usadas en piezas posteriores con preparaciones extensas y profundas. Uno de sus beneficios más resaltantes es que, puede ser utilizada en incrementos de 4 a 5 mm, disminuyendo el tiempo de trabajo clínico. Sin embargo, en dientes con tratamientos de conductos estas preparaciones podrían tener mayor profundidad. Objetivos: Determinar el tiempo de fotoactivación necesario para polimerizar una resina Bulk-Fill ubicada en zonas profundas. Material y Métodos: En el presente estudio experimental in vitro, se confeccionaron especímenes de resina compuesta Filtek One Bulk Fill (3M ESPE, St. Paul, EE.UU.) de 5x5x5 mm color A2 fotoactivado a una distancia/tiempo de 0 mm/10 s, 0 mm/20 s, 3 mm/10 s, 3 mm/20 s, 3 mm/30 s y 3 mm/40 s (n=5). La microdureza superficial se registró en la superficie y en la base de cada espécimen. Resultados: El mayor valor de microdureza se registró en el grupo  BF 0 mm/20 s y BF 3 mm/40 s (p<0,05), seguido por los grupos BF 3 mm/20 s y  BF 3 mm/30 s (p>0,05). Los menores valores de microdureza se encontraron en los grupos BF 0 mm/10 s y BF 3 mm/10 s. Conclusión: Se requiere de 40 s de fotoactivación para polimerizar una resina Bulk-Fill ubicada en zonas profundas, cuando la lámpara está a una distancia de 3 mm de la superficie de la resina.
Seguridad del paciente y eventos adversos en la práctica odontológica en una clínica dental docente
Authors: Manrique-Guzmán Jorge A. , Chávez-Reátegui Beatriz del C. , Manrique-Chávez Carolina B. , Manrique-Chávez Jorge E.
Published: April 2022

Objetivo: Evaluar la frecuencia y distribución de eventos adversos que se presentan en el desarrollo de los tratamientos odontológicos ejecutados por operadores clínicos de una Clínica Dental Docente durante el 2015. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional y descriptivo de corte longitudinal y prospectivo para evaluar la frecuencia de eventos adversos en la práctica odontológica de estudiantes de Odontología, para lo cual se implementó un Sistema de Registro y Notificación de Eventos Adversos en Odontología dirigido a 110 operadores clínicos en las áreas de Odontología Restauradora, Cirugía Bucal, Endodoncia y Rehabilitación Oral durante el 2015.  Resultados: Se reportaron 167 eventos adversos que representan un 10.18% del total de tratamientos realizados durante el periodo de seguimiento y evaluación Los eventos más frecuentes, según campo clínico, fueron la “Hipersensibilidad post tratamiento restaurador” (operatoria dental), “Sobreobturación o subobturación con sintomatología” (endodoncia), “Alveolitis dental post-extracción” (cirugía bucal) y “Sensibilidad post-tallado para prótesis fija (pilares)” (rehabilitación oral). Conclusiones: La implementación de un sistema de registro y notificación es el punto de partida para la identificación de eventos adversos más frecuentes en la práctica odontológico, el cual es útil para definir procedimientos a seguir, elaborar protocolos y formular lineamientos para la atención segura y de calidad.
Oral and cephalometric characteristics of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: Case report
Authors: Sánchez-Tito Marco A.
Published: April 2022

Hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a genetic disorder that affects the development of ectodermal tissues. This study reports a case of a 5-year-old male patient, with clinical extra and intraoral characteristics of HED. The intraoral clinical examination revealed a generalized absence of teeth, panoramic radiograph revealed the presence of permanent first molars with taurodontism, and confirm the oligodontia. Cephalometric analysis revealed a class III skeletal relationship, due to deficiency in the sagittal development of the maxilla and an anti-clockwise growth tendency. Alterations in craniofacial development require multidisciplinary treatment and long-term follow-up to monitor craniofacial growth.
Carbon footprints, informed consumer decisions and shifts towards responsible agriculture, forestry, and other land uses?
Authors: van Noordwijk Meine , Pham Thuy T. , Leimona Beria , Duguma Lalisa A , Baral Himlal , Khasanah Nikhmatul , Dewi Sonya , Minang Peter A.
Published: April 2022

The urgent global reduction of greenhouse gas emissions depends on political commitments to common but differentiated responsibility. Carbon footprints as a metric of attributable emissions reflect individually determined contributions within, and aggregated national contributions between, countries. Footprints per unit product (e.g., of food, feed, fuel, or fiber) require a lifecycle analysis and support individual decisions on consumption and lifestyles. This perspective presents a framework for analysis that connects the various operationalizations and their use in informing consumer and policy decisions. Footprints show geographical variation and are changing as part of political-economic and social-ecological systems. Articulation of footprints may trigger further change. Carbon footprints partially correlate with water and biodiversity footprints as related ecological footprint concepts. The multifunctionality of land use, as a solution pathway, can be reflected in aggregated footprint metrics. Credible footprint metrics can contribute to change but only if political commitments and social-cultural values and responsibilities align.
Распространение вариантов вируса SARS-COV-2, вызывающих озабоченность (VOC) на основе количества их геномов, депонированных в базу данных GISAID за неделю с 16.04.2022 г. по 22.04.2022 г.
Authors: Дмитриева Людмила , Краснов Ярослав , Чумачкова Елена , Осина Наталья , Зимирова Анастасия , Иванова Александра , Карнаухов Игорь , Караваева Татьяна , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: April 2022

В обзоре представлена информация по актуальным геновариантам вируса SARSCOV-2 VOC, размещенным в международной базе данных GISAID
Половые особенности прооксидантно-антиоксидантной системы крови бычка-кругляка Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814) из Чёрного и Азовского морей
Authors: Сигачева Т. Б.
Published: April 2022

Проведён анализ показателей прооксидантно-антиоксидантной системы (активности каталазы (КАТ), супероксиддисмутазы (СОД), пероксидазы (ПЕР), глутатионредуктазы (ГР), глутатионтрансферазы (ГТ) и содержания продуктов окислительной модификации белков (ОМБ)) крови разнополых особей бычка-кругляка Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814) из прибрежных районов Чёрного (г. Севастополь) и юго-западной части Азовского морей. Установлены снижение активности КАТ, СОД (в 1,3–2 раза) и увеличение содержания продуктов ОМБ в крови самцов из севастопольских акваторий по сравнению с аналогичными показателями самок. У рыб из Азовского моря межполовые различия были выражены слабо. Анализ биомаркеров крови однополых рыб из двух морей показал более высокий уровень ОМБ и низкую активность КАТ, СОД и ГТ в крови самцов бычка-кругляка из Чёрного моря. Полученные результаты позволяют рекомендовать проведение биоиндикационных исследований с применением показателей прооксидантно-антиоксидантной системы крови бычка-кругляка на особях одного пола, предпочтительно на самцах.
Исследование влияния температуры на удельную скорость роста культуры Arthrospira platensis
Authors: Клочкова В. С. , Лелеков А. С.
Published: April 2022

Работа посвящена моделированию влияния температуры на удельную скорость роста культуры микроводорослей. Проведён анализ классических моделей, которые описывают температурную кинетику роста микроводорослей. Получены накопительные кривые культуры цианопрокариоты Arthrospira platensis Gomont, 1892 при различных значениях температуры. На экспоненциальной фазе роста определена максимальная удельная скорость, которая при 17 °С была минимальной и составила 0,32 сут-1, а при 30 °С ― максимальной и равнялась 0,85 сут-1. В области физиологической нормы показана возможность применения ломаной для описания зависимости удельной скорости роста от температуры для культур A. platensis, зелёных и диатомовых микроводорослей.
Higher triglyceride is a risk factor for diabetes in adults with normal triglyceride in Chinese adults
Authors: Wang Yutang , Liu Hongying , Ma Shenzhou , Qian Tingting , Sun Hui , Xu Qun , Hou Xujuan , Hu Wenqi , Zhang Guang , Fang Yan , Yang Guang
Published: April 2022

Purpose
Whether higher triglyceride is a risk factor for diabetes diagnosis in people with normal triglyceride is yet established. This study aimed to investigate this association in Chinese adults.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 16,786 Chinese adults with triglyceride in the normal range, i.e., < 1.7 mmol/L. Associations between triglyceride and fasting plasma glucose and between triglyceride and diabetes diagnosis were analyzed using linear regression and binary logistic regression, respectively.
Results
Participants with higher triglyceride had higher fasting plasma glucose, higher prevalence of diabetes, and higher prevalence of use of anti-diabetic drugs. Triglyceride (natural log-transformed) was positively associated with fasting plasma glucose (natural log-transformed) after adjustment for all the tested confounders (β = 0.034, P < 0.001). A 1naturallogunit increase in triglyceride (e.g., from 0.50 to 1.36 mmol/L or from 44 to 120 mg/dL) was associated with a 61% higher multivariate-adjusted risk of diabetes diagnosis (odds ratio [OR], 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-2.17). Participants with triglyceride in the highest quartile (1.26-1.69 mmol/L) had a 54% higher risk of diabetes diagnosis (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.14-2.09) compared with those with triglyceride in the lowest quartile (< 0.73 mmol/L).
Conclusion
This study demonstrates that higher triglyceride is associated with higher risks of diabetes diagnosis in people with normal triglyceride. This suggests that patients with high “normal” triglyceride (e.g., 1.26-1.69 mmol/L) may need to be closely monitored for the risk of diabetes.
Sources and trends of contaminants in a shallow lake in the Mediterranean area from sediment archives of the Anthropocene
Authors: Paola Gravina , Sebastiani Bartolomeo , Bruschi Federica , Petroselli Chiara , Moroni Beatrice , Selvaggi Roberta , Goretti Enzo , Pallottini Matteo , Ludovisi Alessandro , Cappelletti David
Published: April 2022

In this study, the anthropogenic contamination in Trasimeno lake (Central Italy) was investigated using three sediment cores of the last 150 years (Anthropocene) to identify the primary sources of pollutions and quantify the level of contaminant enrichment in the basin. To this aim, trace elements, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and lead isotope ratios have been determined at biannual resolution.
The deeper parts of the sediment cores were used to estimate the local geochemical baseline, based on known statistical methods, and to determine the values of enrichment factors. Principal component analysis and factor analysis were exploited to associate chemical proxies to human-driven contamination processes. On these grounds
it was possible to identify the timings and impacts of pre-world war industrial productions and more recent activities characteristic of the basin's surroundings, such as agriculture.
Effect of aromatherapy in patients with Alzheimer's disease: a randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Lin Lin , Duan Ran , Yang QiHan , Li TingTing , Zhou Heng , Hou JiXin , Zhou Huan
Published: April 2022

Background: Aromatherapy is a complementary and alternative therapeutic method that has attracted much attention worldwide. Based on the lack of clinical research on the application of aromatherapy in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in China, this study aimed to investigate the effect of aromatherapy in patients with AD.Methods: 54 patients with AD were randomly allocated to aromatherapy groups and control groups in a 1:1 ratio. Eventually, 25 patients in the aromatherapy group (two participants discontinued midway) and 26 in the control group (one participant discontinued midway) completed the study. Both groups of patients received conventional treatment and nursing care, and the aromatherapy group received an hour of aromatic inhalation per day for 12 weeks,the control group inhaled only distilled water per day for 12 weeks. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Neuropsychiatric Inventory–Brief Questionnaire form, Quality of Life-Alzheimer’s Disease, and four kinds of biochemical indicators were evaluated as outcome measures.Results: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory–Brief Questionnaire Form scores decreased, the Quality of Life-Alzheimer’s Disease score improved (P<0.05), the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in serum was slightly reduced, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was enhanced (P<0.05), and TNF-α and IL-6 levels were significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the aromatherapy group, compared to those of the control group.Conclusion: Aromatherapy can improve sleep, alleviate psychobehavioural symptoms and improve quality of life in patients with AD, which may be related to reducing the level of oxidative stress in patients and inhibiting inflammatory factors; it is a non-drug intervention that can be widely applied.Trial registration: The trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry in 25/01/2022, ID: #ChiCTR2200055918.
Global warming overshoots increase risk of triggering climate tipping points and cascades
Authors: Wunderling Nico , Winkelmann Ricarda , Rockström Johan , Loriani Sina , Armstrong-McKay David , Ritchie Paul , Sakschewski Boris , Donges Jonathan
Published: April 2022

Climate tipping elements play a crucial role for the stability of the Earth system under human pressures and are potentially at risk of disintegrating within and partially even below the Paris temperature guardrails of 1.5-2.0°C above pre-industrial levels. However, current policies and actions make it very likely to, at least temporarily, transgress the Paris targets. This raises the question whether tipping points can still be avoided under such overshoot scenarios. Here, we investigate the associated risks for tipping under a range of temperature overshoot scenarios using a stylised network model of four interacting climate tipping elements: the Greenland and West Antarctic Ice Sheets, the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and the Amazon rainforest. Our results reveal that temporary overshoots can increase tipping risks by up to 72% compared to a soft landing without overshoots, even when the long-term equilibrium temperature stabilises within the Paris range. Moreover, we find that modest interaction strength levels between the tipping elements are responsible for 49% more tipped elements than without cascading interactions. Our analysis shows that avoiding a high climate risk zone, which minimise risks for triggering tipping dynamics requires both long-term temperatures to stabilise at or below today's levels of global warming, and low temperature overshoots at the same time.
Urinary schistosomiasis in three different water-access in the Senegal River Basin: monitoring praziquantel efficacy and re-infection levels
Authors: SENGHOR Bruno , Mathieu-Begné Eglantine , Rey Olivier , Doucouré Souleymane , Sow Doudou , Diop Bocar , Sène Mariama , Boissier Jérôme , Sokhna Cheikh
Published: April 2022

BackgroundSchistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease most prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa countries. In the Senegal river basin, the construction of the Diama dam led to an increase and endemicity of schistosomiasis. Since 2009, praziquantel has frequently been used as preventive chemotherapy in the form of mass administration to Senegalese school-aged children, despite reports of low cure rates and possible resistance in certain endemic countries. This study aims to determine the current prevalence of S. haematobium, the efficacy of praziquantel, and the re-infection in children from five villages with different water access.MethodsThe baseline prevalence of S. haematobium was determined in August 2020 in 777 children between 5 and 11 years old. A single dose of praziquantel (40 mg/kg) was administered to those positive. The efficacy of praziquantel and re-infection rates were monitored four weeks and seven months after treatment, respectively, in 226 children with a high intensity of infection at baseline.ResultsPrevalence was lower among children from the village of Mbane who live close to the Lac de Guiers (37.92%), average among those from the villages of Dioundou and Khodit, which neighbour the Doue river (46%), and very high (over 90%) in Khodit and Guia which mainly use an irrigation canal. A significant difference in the prevalence and intensity of S. haematobium infection was noted between the different types of water access. The lowest cure rate (88.5%) was obtained in the village using the irrigation canal, while high cure rates (96.5% and 98%) and egg reduction rates (between 96.7% and 99.7%) were observed in all the villages. Re-infection was significantly higher in the village using the canal (42.5 %) than in the villages accessing the Lac de Guiers (18.3%) and the Doue river (14.8%).ConclusionPraziquantel (40 mg/kg) has an impact on reducing the prevalence and intensity of S. haematobium infection four weeks after treatment. However, in the Senegal river basin, S. haematobium remains a real health problem for children living in the villages near the irrigation canals, despite regular treatment, while prevalence is declining from those frequenting the river and the Lac de Guiers.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04635553. Registered 19 November 2020 retrospectively registered, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04635553?cntry=SN&draw=2&rank=4
Therapeutic aggressiveness in the oncological patient at the end of life: Experience in a tertiary hospital.
Authors: Bofill Javier Salvador , Grove Clara García , Herrero Rocío Morales , Viñuales Marta Benavent , Pérez-Quintela Begoña Vieites , Torralvo Ana Gil , Caro Reyes Bernabé , Jiménez Inmaculada Gallego , Márquez Pilar Sancho , Gastaldo Amparo Sánchez , García Miriam Alonso , Calzado Esaú Monescillo , Martín Carlos Torrado , Velasco Rocío Pérez , Moro María Ángeles Castilla
Published: April 2022

Background: The fundamental therapeutic objective in advanced or metastatic cancer is the control of symptoms without detriment to quality of life. Several studies show that cancer patients continue to receive cancer treatment until the last month of life, and this is related to poor-quality care.Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted over a period of three years in a tertiary hospital. Data from deceased patients treated in the medical oncology unit for a solid tumour diagnosis were collected from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018. Demographic variables related to the tumour, treatment and death were also collected. For descriptive statistics, percentages with frequencies (categorical variables) and medians (continuous variables) were used. The nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test was used for dichotomous variables, and the Mann–Whitney test with the Bonferroni correction was used for between-group comparisons of independent samples. The SPSS 20.0 program was used for statistical analysis.Results: In total, 1611 patients were analysed; 40.16% and 17.94% of patients received treatment in the last 30 and 14 days of life, respectively. The median time from the last treatment to death was 39 days. By tumour location, breast cancer had the highest percentage of patients in active treatment in the last month of life (55.26%) and the lowest median from the last treatment to death (28 days). By age range, the group ≥ 75 years had the highest median (59 days) with a statistically significant difference compared to groups aged <75 years. A total of 76.22% of patients died in the hospital setting, of which 6.89% died in palliative care units.Conclusions: The location of the primary tumour and age can influence decision-making in terminal cancer. The administration of cancer treatment in the final stages of life seems to have no benefit in terms of survival and can negatively influence the quality of life of patients. It is necessary to prioritize palliative care and early management by specialized units in the final phases of life.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in water, suspended particulate matter and sediment of reservoirs and their tributaries in a large city of South China
Authors: Zhu Tingting , Zhu Youchang , Liu Yunlang , Deng Chen , Qi Xiujuuan , Wang Jinling , Shen Zhizhi , Yin Donggao , Liu Yihong , Sun Ruohan , Sun Weiling , Xu Nan
Published: April 2022

Twelve polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in water, suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediment samples during dry season (DS) and wet season (WS), to explain the spatiotemporal distribution, congener profiles, sources and risks of the pollutants in four reservoirs (A-D) and their tributaries of a large city in South China. The concentration of ∑12PBDEs ranged from 0.46 to 2.27 ng/L (average: 1.41 ng/L) in water during WS, and from 0.70 to 13.04 ng/L (3.77 ng/L) during DS. Meanwhile, the content of ∑12PBDEs ranged from 9.71 to 364.14 ng/g dry weight (the same below) (170.23 ng/g) in SPM during WS, and from 53.48 to 1043.69 ng/g (313.37 ng/g) during DS. The content of ∑11PBDEs (excluding BDE-209) ranged from 24.70 to 222.75 ng/g (85.86 ng/g), while that of BDE-209 ranged from 4.74 to 31053.11 ng/g (6307.93 ng/g) in sediment during WS. ∑12PBDEs during DS were significantly higher than WS. Source apportionment suggested that commercial penta-, octa- and deca-BDEs were major compositions of PBDEs, resulting mainly from atmospheric deposition, wastewater discharge and external water diversion project. Among the related enterprises, attentions should be paid to electronic equipment manufacturing factories in this study area. The risk assessment indicated low ecological and insignificant human health risks posed by PBDEs in water, but the risk of PBDEs (especially BDE-209) in sediment and SPM was of particular concern. The present study would provide important data and support for the control of PBDEs in natural drinking water sources.
Evaluation of Plantago ovata ethanolic extract on histopathological, immunohistochemical and biochemical indexs in the liver of BDL-induced cholestatic rats
Authors: Rafiee Maedeh , Mortazavi Pejman , Asghari Ahmad
Published: April 2022

Background and Purpose
Cholestasis is defined as inhibition of bile flow due to defective secretion of hepatocytes or obstruction of the bile flow pathway and accumulation of bile in liver cells and bile ducts and functional damage of the hepato-biliary system as decreased bile flow in canaliculi. This study investigated the effect of plant extract Plantago ovata on cholestasis-induced liver damage in rats of bile duct obstruction model.
Methods
In this study, extraction of Plantago ovata was performed. 48 male Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups (health control, BDL, treated with doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, BDL treated with doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) with 45 days treatment period (Once a day). After anesthesia and isolation of serum, biochemical ALT, ALP, AST, Total bilirubin, Total protein, and Albumin parameters were measured. Also, a histopathological and immunohistochemical study was performed by antibody. Data analysis was performed using the One Way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test and the Prism statistical program (P < 0.05).
Results
The results showed that there was a significant increase in serum levels of ALT, ALP, AST, total bilirubin, and α-SMA expression in BDL groups, but the treatment of BDL groups with Plantago ovata could significantly reduce these factors in a dependent manner. Improve the dose. Plantago ovata also has a protective effect on the liver and the stability of liver cell membranes
Conclusion
Plantago ovata, in terms of histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and biochemistry, has a protective effect against liver damage caused by BDL and by regulating liver parameters can be useful in the treatment of cholestasis
The challenges and gains of delivering a home-exercise intervention: a qualitative study of physiotherapists and physiotherapy assistants
Authors: Toye Francine , Room Jon , Barker Karen
Published: April 2022

Objectives: the paper presents insights from the CORKA randomised controlled trial. We aimed to explore physiotherapists and physiotherapy assistants’ experiences of delivering a home-base exercise intervention following knee replacement surgery. We were particularly interested in the feasibility, potential benefits and barriers of a community-based exercise programme from the perspective of physiotherapists and physiotherapy assistants.Design: Qualitative thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews.Setting: The Community based Rehabilitation after Knee Arthroplasty (CORKA) trial.Participants: Five physiotherapists and six physiotherapy assistants with a range of clinical experience.Methods: Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. We used the stages of reflexive thematic analysis suggested by Braun and Clarke. Three researchers with experience in qualitative research methods contributed to the coding and analysis of data.Results: We developed seven themes that help to understand the benefits and challenges of delivering treatment interventions in a person’s home: seeing the person in their own world; developing people skills; thinking outside the cubicle; enjoying the above and beyond; treading a fine line between patient and friend; feeling outside my comfort zone; needing a support network.Conclusions: Treating people in their own homes facilitates a holistic approach. Our findings highlight areas for clinical education: (1) how do we help clinicians to tread the fine line between patient and professional (2) how do we balance the need to provide support and the freedom to work creatively and independently?
Spatial Distribution of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Waters from Central and South Florida.
Authors: Li Xuerong , Fatowe Morgan , Lemos Leila Soledade , Quinete Natalia Soares
Published: April 2022

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are notoriously persistent pollutants that are found ubiquitously present in aquatic environments. They pose a big threat to aquatic life and human health given the bioaccumulation feature and significant adverse health effects associated. In our previous study, PFAS were found in surface waters from Biscayne Bay and tap waters from the West coast of South Florida, at levels that arouse human health and ecological concerns. Considering that Florida supports millions population as well as treasured, sensitive coastal and wetland ecosystems, we have expanded the PFAS monitoring study on the occurrence, composition, spatial distribution, and potential sources encompassing tap waters from counties on the East coast of South Florida and Central Florida, and surface waters from Tampa Bay, Everglades National Park adjacent canals, Key West, including Biscayne Bay area. A total of 30 PFAS were analyzed based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). PFAS were detected in all tap water (N = 10) and surface water samples (N = 38) with total concentrations up to 169 ng L− 1. Higher PFAS concentrations (> 60 ng L− 1) are mostly observed from polluted rivers or coastal estuaries in Biscayne Bay, and sites nearby potential points sources (military airbases, wastewater facilities, airports, etc.). Our findings on current PFAS contamination levels from diverse aquatic environments provide additional information for the development of more stringent screening levels that are protective of human health and the environmental resources of Florida, which is ultimately anticipated as scientific understanding of PFAS rapidly growing.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in oat-pea intercropping
Authors: Lee Alan , Neuberger Patrick , Omokanye Akim , Hernandez-Ramirez Guillermo , Kim Keunbae , Gorzelak Monika
Published: April 2022

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity can be altered by intercropping plant species, as well as N fertilizer applications. This study examined the effects of oat-pea intercropping and N fertilizer addition on the richness and diversity of mycorrhizal species, as well as identified the most common arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) genera recruited for oats and peas in two growing seasons (2019 and 2020). The AMF diversity was higher in an intercropped system compared to their respective monocropping system. Under drier conditions in 2019, arbuscular mycorrhizal richness decreased with N fertilizer addition in sole peas and increased with N fertilizer addition in sole oats, but no significant change in richness was observed in oat-pea intercropping. During the wetter growing season 2020, arbuscular mycorrhizal diversity increased when oat and pea were intercropped, compared to either sole oat or sole pea. Diversispora in sole pea was a significant indicator differentiating the root associated AMF community from sole oat. Claroideoglomus richness increased in peas in 2020, thus this genus could be moisture dependent. Paraglomus richness in oat-pea intercropping was similar to sole oat in 2019, and similar to sole pea in 2020. This can suggest that Paraglomus is an indicator of plant stress under intercropping, as based on the premise that stressed plants release more exudates, and the subsequent mycorrhizal associations favor these plants with higher exudation. Future investigations can further reveal the functions and benefits of these mycorrhizal genera in annual monocrop and intercropping systems.
Long Term Evaluation of Quantitative Cumulative Irradiation in Patients Suffering From ILDS
Authors: Berg Julien , FRIX AN , Henket Monique , Gester Fanny , Canivet Perrine , Njock M-S , Thys Marie , Desir Colin , Meunier Paul , Louis Renaud , Malchair Francoise , Guiot Julien
Published: April 2022

BackgroundInterstitial lung diseases (ILD) are a heterogeneous group of infiltrating lung pathologies, requiring diagnosis and assessment, among which chest CT is of utmost importance. Nevertheless, the imaging modalities for the follow-up do not have formal guidelines and remain at the discretion of the clinician.MethodsOur study restrospectively evaluated the indication of chest CT in a cohort of 129 ILD patients. The aim was to determine whether the realization of the imaging control had a true impact on clinical course and follow-up. We accept 3 different situations for justifying the indication of the CTs as clinical deterioration, decrease in pulmonary function tests (at least 10% drop in a parameter) and monitoring for oncological purposes. The other indications, mainly classical follow-up, were classified as “non justified”. We selected patients from our ambulatory care polyclinic at Liège University Hospital.ResultsWe followed up a total cohort of 129 ILD patients. The mean number of CT scan per patient per year was 1.7±0.4 determining an irradiation in CT Dose Index (mGy)/year of 34.9±64.9 and an irradiation dose x length product in (mGy*cm)/year of 1095±1971. Around 40% of the routinely prescribed monitoring CT scans had no impact on the management of ILD and direct patient care, raising the question of inappropriate irradiation Conclusion Our study identifies overuse of chest CT scanner in the follow-up of ILD outside those performed for clinical exacerbation or oncological investigation. In the particular case of ILD exacerbation, CT-scan valuability stay high underlying the benefit of this validated strategy.
Ctenophore extracellular DNA traps demonstrate conserved antimicrobial behaviors present at the emergence of animals
Authors: Vandepas Lauren , Stefani Caroline , Goetz Frederick , Traylor-Knowles Nikki , Browne William , Lacy-Hulbert Adam
Published: April 2022

The formation of extracellular DNA traps (ETosis) is a first response mechanism by specific immune cells following exposure to microbes 1,2. First characterized in vertebrate neutrophils, cells capable of ETosis have been recently discovered in several invertebrate taxa and the formation of invertebrate DNA traps has been most thoroughly examined in bivalves ​​3–5. Here we report that ctenophores – thought to have diverged very early from the metazoan stem lineage 6,7 – possess immune cell types capable of ETosis, suggesting that this cellular immune response behavior was likely present early in metazoan evolution. To assess conservation of ET activation between evolutionarily distant phyla, we deployed a comparative approach integrating data from the model ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi and the oyster Crassostrea gigas to develop a novel imaging analysis pipeline to quantify ETosis in large numbers of cells. We demonstrate that both Mnemiopsis and Crassostrea immune cells can undergo ETosis after exposure to diverse microbes and pharmacological stimuli. Our results suggest that the range of cellular immune behaviors and signaling cascades that produce extracellular DNA traps were likely present prior to the divergence of extant metazoan lineages and thus ETosis represents an evolutionarily ancient defense against pathogens existing at the dawn of animal multicellularity.
Exploring the Perceptions and Preparedness for Episiotomy Amongpost Partum Mothers in Northern Ghana: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Gazari Timothy , Atanuriba Gideon Awenabisa , Anagbe Paulina Gariba
Published: April 2022

Background
Episiotomy is a surgical incision made on the perineum of a woman to increase the vulval diameter during child birth at the second stage of labour. It is practiced all over the world and said to be the most common obstetric surgical procedure globally. Prevention of extensive blood loss, prolapse of genital organs and shortening of the second stage of labor are reasons for its practice. However, the experiences of women who undergo this phenomenon remain largely unexplored.
Methods
an institutional based descriptive qualitative design was employed in this study and a semi structured interview guide was used for data collection. Purposive sampling was used to recruit the participants for the study. Recorded in-depth interviews were conducted and data were analysed using thematic analysis.
Results
Episiotomy was perceived as useful procedure that facilitates birthing by cutting. It was also opined by participants that the procedure spoils the vaginal orifice and those who undergo the procedure were not “women enough”. Participants also felt there was generally poor preparation prior to undergoing the procedure and no opportunity offered to accept or decline the procedure.
Conclusion
Postpartum mothers had fair knowledge but were not adequately prepared for the procedure. Their perception was just about the procedure helping them to deliver their children and did not know of other benefits and effects. They as well did not go through proper consent process. The study recommends structured education on episiotomy during antenatal and the practice of restrictive episiotomy over routine episiotomies.
Magnitude and attributed reasons for adult weight gain amongst women at increased risk of breast cancer
Authors: Pegington Mary , Harkness Elaine F , Howell Anthony , Evans D Gareth , Harvie Michelle
Published: April 2022

Background: Excess weight (BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2) and weight gain during adult life increase the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in women who are already at increased risk of the disease. Young adulthood (18-35 years) has previously been identified as the main time for weight gain in women. Reasons for weight gain in this population can inform strategies for weight gain prevention.Methods: Baseline data from six weight loss studies for women at increased risk of breast cancer were collated. Self-reported patterns of adult weight gain and attributed reasons for weight gain before joining the weight loss study were reported for the whole population and secondary analyses reported the different reasons given by women with/without children, pre-/peri- or postmenopausal, and moderate/high risk of breast cancer.Results: 521 women with a mean age of 47.6 (SD 8.2) years and median BMI of 30.2 (IQR 27.1-35.0) kg/m2 were included in the analyses. The median weight gain since young adulthood (18-20 years) was 20.8 (IQR 14.2-30.0) kg or 33.9 (23.4-50.2) % and median annual weight gain was 0.74 (IQR 0.51-1.09) kg. 421 women were included in analysis of weight gain reasons. The main five self-reported reasons for weight gain were children / childcare / pregnancy (stated by 55.6% of participants), followed by inactivity (43.2%), comfort or boredom eating (38.2%), portion size (33.0%), and stress (27.3%). Reasons appeared broadly similar between the different groups in the secondary analyses.Conclusions: We have highlighted common reasons for weight gain in women at increased risk of breast cancer. This will inform future interventions to support women to avoid weight gain in adulthood which would reduce the burden of breast cancer.Trial registration: NIHR NRR N0226132725, ISRCTN52913838, ISRCTN77916487, ISRCTN91372184, ISRCTN10803394 and ISRCTN16431108.
Measuring shoulder proprioception: Introducing a new clinical tool - The Shoulder Proprioception Reaching Test (SPReT)
Authors: Ager Amanda L. , Hébert Luc J. , Roy Jean-Sébastien , Roos Marianne , Cools Ann
Published: April 2022

Background: Proprioception, our sense of joint awareness, is a sub-category of somatosensation, known as our “sixth sense”. It is part of our neuromuscular system, responsible for maintaining joint stability and preventing injury, particularly amongst shoulders. Proprioception is affected by injury and a decreased sense of proprioception can cause a predisposition to injury. Despite the importance of proprioception for shoulder stability, there remains no confident way to measure shoulder proprioception in a clinic. Purpose: To present a new clinical tool – The Shoulder Proprioception Reaching Test (SPReT) and to establish the discriminant validity, intra-rater and absolute reliability properties. Study Design: Cross-sectional clinical measurement study. Methods: A convenience sample of forty healthy participants was used. A single session (120 minutes) involved two bilateral evaluations of reaching movements using the SPReT, with a 30-minute rest period. Twenty participants were randomly selected to further perform a shoulder fatigue protocol of the dominant shoulder, immediately followed by a third SPReT evaluation. The SPReT involves active reaching movements in standing and with eyes closed, towards 7 targets in a star formation (active joint position sense). Discriminant validity (paired t tests), intra-rater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC]) and absolute reliability (standard error of measurement [SEM] and minimal detectable change [MDC]) were determined. Results: The SPReT supports moderate (ICC = 0.45 – 0.71) to good (ICC = 0.77) intra-rater reliability with SEMs ranging from 1.17 to 2.63 cm and MDC90 from 2.72 to 6.12 cm for all targets. A fatigue effect was found with the superior and the superior-lateral right targets (P < .05), suggesting possible discriminant validity with the SPReT tool during elevated reaching movements.Conclusions: The superior target demonstrated the highest discriminant validity, intra-rater and absolute reliability properties and takes less than 5 minutes to evaluate. The evaluation of the superior target only may be suitable for clinical practice upon further methodological investigation for validity, reliability and responsiveness. Future research in encouraged and continues to be ongoing amongst a pathological population. Level of evidence: Level III cross-sectional study.
Achieving Rapid Free Energy Estimates from λ-Dynamics with Bias Updated Gibbs Sampling
Authors: Robo Michael , Hayes Ryan , Ding Xinqiang , Pulawski Brian , Vilseck Jonah
Published: April 2022

Relative binding free energy (RBFE) calculations have become an integral computational tool for lead optimization in drug design. However, commonly used methods, such as free energy perturbation (FEP), thermodynamic integration (TI), or multistate Bennett acceptance ratio (MBAR), have an exceedingly high computational cost associated with the need to explore many pairwise calculations. To reduce this cost and accelerate molecular design workflows, we present a new Gibbs Sampler λ-Dynamics method that uses dynamic biases to continuously drive the sampling of multiple discrete λ states, and therefore multiple ligand analogues, collectively within a single simulation. As a result, many relative free energy differences can be rapidly determined without compromising accuracy in the computed results. We refer to this method as λ-Dynamics with Bias Updated Gibbs Sampling (LaDyBUGS). For three benchmark systems, errors in computed LaDyBUGS free energy differences relative to experiment are near 1.0 kcal/mol or less, and agreement with TI/MBAR is within statistical noise (approximately 0.4 kcal/mol or less). Large efficiency gains of 18- to 66-fold improvements are observed with LaDyBUGS compared to TI/MBAR for modeling just 5–10 perturbations at a single site of substitution off a central ligand core. We expect that the rapid and efficient determination of RBFEs with LaDyBUGS will enable larger chemical spaces to be more readily explored at reduced costs and structure-based drug design to be accelerated.