bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
أشكالية ترجمة معنى الجهاد في القرآن الكريم الى اللغة العبرية ترجمة اوري روبين انموذجا (دراسة نقدية)
Authors: احمد سعيد عبيد م.
Published: April 2021

الخلاصة

     لقد تعمقنا في هذا البحث بدراسة مفهوم الجهاد في ترجمة معاني القرآن الكريم الى العبرية للمستشرق اليهودي اوري روبين ، ووجدنا بأن ترجمة معاني القرآن الكريم الى العبرية كانت محط اهتمام المتخصصين وذلك لخطورة وأهمية مثل تلك الدراسات .

      حيث لاحظنا ان المترجم روبين وقع بأخطاء كبيرة نتيجة الفهم الخاطئ او التفسير غير الصحيح لنصوص القرآن ألكريم لان طبيعة النص القرآني وأعجازه البلاغي وما يحويه من معاني ومفاهيم اسلامية تحتاج الى فهم عميق وعقلية واعية، وهذا ما كان يفتقده المترجم روبين اثناء ترجمته لمصطلح الجهاد الى العبرية.وقد اراد المترجم ان يحاول غزو العقل الاسلامي او ما يسمى بغسيل مخ المسلمين لنشر وتثبيت ارادة الفكر الصهيوني في ترجمات القران الكريم وذلك لهدم الاسلام داخل عقول المسلمين .

      كذلك تبين لنا ايضا من خلال هذه الدراسة ان محاولات مسألة ترجمة معاني القرآن الكريم كانت منذ زمن الرسول محمد "سلام الله عليه" اثناء الدعوة لنشر الإسلام ونتيجة لما يتمتع به اليهود في ظل الخلافة الاسلامية في الاندلس صدرت ترجمات القرآن الكريم بشكل جزئي وكلي .

      وقد وجدنا في ترجمة روبين لمعاني القرآن الكريم الى العبرية ومن خلال الاخفاقات التي وقع في ترجمتها  والتي كانت بعيدة ولا تتناسب مع النص الاصل ، تحمل اهداف ظاهرية وأخرى خفية ،ألغاية منها هو تلبية احتياجات الداخل الاسرائيلي من خلال عد التزامه بقواعد وأسس الترجمة الامينة والعمل على هدم العقيدة الاسلامية في قلب المؤمن .
أثر نظرية التلقي في النقد العربي الحديث
Authors: حسنة محمد رحمة م.د.
Published: April 2021

أروم في هذا البحث دراسة نظرية  التلقي من حيث تأثيرها على النقد العربي الحديث ؛ ولكثرة الدراسات التي أقيمت حول هذه النظرية ؛ إذ لا يمكن التعريف بها في بضع كلمات   ولكن يكفي أن نشير إلى  أنها من النظريات الحديثة التي ظهرت عند الغرب والألمان خاصة . وأثرت بشكل جلي في النقد الغربي ولها يدها أيضاً على النقد العربي .وهذا ما تشير إليه كثرة الدراسات التي أقيمت في هذا الميدان ؛ وذلك لأهمية  نظرية  التلقي إذ إنها تستند إلى تحول عام من الإهتمام بالمؤلف إلى الإهتمام بالنص والقارئ وسيتم   التركيز في هذا البحث على أعمال الناقدين إيزر وياوس ؛ إذ إنهما قطبان مهمان في نظرية التلقي ؛ فضلاً عن ذلك لقيمة أعمالهما من جانب ، ومن جانب آخر ؛ لأسلوبهما في معالجة هذه النظرية كما أن مشروع إيزر النقدي   يكمل مشروع ياوس النقدي فهما يهتمان بالنص والقارئ على الرغم من الاختلافات الموجودة بين إيزر وياوس إلا أن مشروعهما النقدي  أحدهما يكمل الآخر. أما عن الكلمات المفتاحية للبحث ، فهي : ( نظرية التلقي ، الأثر، النقد الحديث ، ياوس ، إيزر) .
الوكالة البريطانية في الكويت 1899 – 1909 ودورها في تعزيز السياسة البريطانية
Authors: محمد حموز لفته الغانمي د.
Published: April 2021

الملخص

      يعود الاهتمام البريطاني في الكويت إلى عام 1775 عندما طرحت فكرة انتقال وكالة شركة الهند الشرقية البريطانية من البصرة إلى الكويت؛ بسبب الحصار الذي فرضه الصفويون على البصرة، منذ ذلك الوقت أخذت بريطانيا تعد العدة للسيطرة عليها، وفي الحقبة الواقعة بين عامي 1820 - 1899 سعت بريطانيا لضم الكويت إلى معاهدات الحماية التي فرضتها على إمارات الخليج العربي، إلا أنها لم تستطع اقناع حكامها للدخول بتلك المعاهدات، لحرص الأخيرين على ابعاد إمارتهم وانفسهم عن الارتباط مع بريطانيا لعدم إثارة الدولة العثمانية التي كانت تتطلع إلى التدخل في شؤون الكويت، وفي أواخر القرن التاسع عشر ازداد الاهتمام البريطاني في الكويت، لاسيما بعد اتفاقية الحماية عام 1899 التي مثلت الوجود الفعلي البريطاني فيها، مما أصبح لها مركزاً سياسياً وامتيازات اقتصادية جاهدت للمحافظة عليها، ولاسيما بعد أن سعت الدول الأوربية والدولة العثمانية للحصول على مكاسب مماثلة كالتي حصلت عليها بريطانيا في الكويت. لذلك تطلعت بريطانيا لإنشاء وكالة لها في الكويت وتعيين وكيلاً سياسياً لتسيير سياستها هناك نتيجة لبعد المنطقة عن المقيمية البريطانية في بوشهر، ومنع أي تدخل خارجي في الكويت لكونه يمثل تهديداً مباشراً لسياستها هناك.
معنى ودلالة مصطلح روح الله في نصوص العهد القديم
Authors: عباس سليم زيدان أ.م. د
Published: April 2021

روح الله من الحقائق الإيمانية الثابتة في الشرائع الإلهية المنزلة على الأنبياء ، فكل أتباع الشرائع الإلهية يعتقدون وجوده والإيمان به  ولقد ذكر العهد القديم هذا المصطلح (الروح ) مضافة إلى الله وبدون إضافة وكانت له  في الحالتين العديد من المعاني والدلالات .
الأداة (حتى): الوظيفة النحوية والدلالية
Authors: حسين إسماعيل كاظم م. , أحمد عباس علي م.
Published: April 2021

تمثل حروف الجر وأدوات الربط قسمين من اقسام الكلام في اللغة العبرية، واللتان يكثر استخدامها في اللغة ويندر إيلائهما الاهمية البحثية. فقد يمر القارئ على هذه الأدوات ويفهمها بلغته الخاصة، لكن في كثير من الاحيان يكون لهذه الأدوات بعد لغوي واسع في الحقلين النحوي والدلالي، إذ ما قورنت باستخداماتها المتعددة. 

       لذا فقد تناول هذا البحث الأداة (עד) (حتى) ذات الوظائف المزدوجة في اللغة العبرية من جانبين: الجانب الاول هو الوظيفة النحوية لهذه المفردة بوصفها حرف جر (تربط الأفعال بالأسماء أو الاسماء بالأسماء) وأداة ربط (لربط التراكيب اللغوية، الجمل او الوحدات النحوية)، أما الجانب الثاني هو الحقل الدلالي، حيث تمثل هذه المفردة اسم ذات لها الكثير من المعان، ودخلت في الكثير من التراكيب اللغوية والعبارات الاصطلاحية، وبشكل عام فإن معناها يفيد الغاية.

      من الواضح أن المفردة (עד) (حتى) قد مرت بتطورات لغوية كبيرة حيث وردت في العديد من الآيات التوراتية وكذلك في عبرية الميشناه، ولها تفسيرات لغوية مختلفة، ودخلت في العبرية الحديثة في تعابير وتراكيب لغوية متباينة.

      وبناء على ما تقدم فقد شمل هذا البحث العديد من الشواهد التي تعود لمراحل مختلفة في اللغة العبرية حيثما وردت في النصوص التوراتية والتلمودية، في الادب والصحافة والتي تبين الاستخدامات المتعددة لهذه الاداة، فضلاً عن تصنيف معانيها.
الأثر العربي في المصطلحات والحدود النحوية العبرية عند ابن جناح القرطبي
Authors: نبراس عبد الكاظم ثاني الباحث:
Published: April 2021

لم يكن تأثير النحو العربي على اللغة العبرية ضربًاُ من الخيال لا سيما في القرون الوسطى، فما قدّمه علماء اللغة العربية في بحثهم اللغوي ، صار مثالًا سار على نهجه الساعي الى تقديم بناء صحيح للغته، فما قدّمه علماء اللغة العبرية في العصر الوسيط خير ما يجلي عن الأثر العربي في تلك المؤلفات، فاتبعوا المنهج والطريقة التي كان يستعملها العرب في بحثهم اللغوي، وهذه الدراسة ستبيّن ما قدّمه ابن جناح باستعمال المصطلح العربي الذي وظّفه في مادته اللغوية ونعت به موضوعاته النحوية وذكر الحدود العربية نفسها في مواضع كثيرة، فكانت مؤلفاته تشبه المؤلفات اللغوية العربية.
الرمز الديني في شعر الشيخ الدكتور احمد الوائلي
Authors: علاء ابراهيم يوسف الورشاني الباحث
Published: April 2021

تبوأ الشاعر الشيخ الدكتور احمد الوائلي () في نفوس العالم العربي عامة والعراقيين خاصة بأسلوبه المميز فكان لأفكاره صدى في الواقع الديني والاجتماعي والسياسي والثقافي. حيث تناول هموم بلده وانتقاده للواقع السياسي والاجتماعي الذي عاشه شعبه. ومن أهم ما تناولته هذه الدراسة هي بيان الرمز الديني في شعره حيث برز بكافة أنواعه في دواوينه ، وكذلك دراسة الظروف التي كانت البيئة الخصبة لبروز الرمزية الدينية لدى الشاعر والاطلاع على أبرز النصوص الشعرية التي كانت الرمزية الدينية بارزة وجلية في كلماته وإعتبار الإمام الحسين (ع) نموذجاً للرمزية الدينية في قصائده
سياسة الحكومة العراقية إتجاه الاكراد في ظل الوثائق البريطانية شباط 1963 – نيسان 1966م
Authors: وئام شاكر غني عطره د.
Published: April 2021

تميزت مواقف الاكراد بالاصرار على حقوقهم في العهد الملكي واختيار شتى الحلول للحصول على الأستقلال،وبعد قيام ثورة الرابع عشر من تموز عام 1958 رحب الاكراد بقيامها ، وابرق قادة الحزب الديمقراطي الكردستاني الى تنظيم الضباط الاحرار بتهنئتهم بالعهد الجديد من اجل بناء علاقات سليمة وصحيحة بين الطرفين

الا ان الصراع العسكري تجدد بين الحكومة العراقية والاكراد واستمر حتى بعد انقلاب الثامن من شباط عام 1963 وما تلاه

جميع المحاولات التفاوضية والسلمية لحل المشكلة الكردية حتى عام 1966م كانت حالة من التناقض المزدوج لكلا الطرفين افشلت المحاولات السلمية ، فالحكومة العراقية عانت من التناقض بين ايدلوجية وتوجهات حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي من جهة وسياسة عبد السلام عارف من جهة اخرى، ومعاناة الحركة الكردية من التضارب الشديد بين الحزب الديمقراطي الكردستاني والتوجهات الفردية لمصطفى البارزاني ، فضلا عن الدور البريطاني المراقب وقابل للتدخل بصورة غير مباشرة قد ميز الاحداث السياسية والعلاقة بين الحكومة العراقية والاكراد فكان الرأي البريطاني ان المشكلة الكردية ذات شأن عراقي وليس لبريطانيا حق التدخل فيها ، الا ان الحقيقة التأريخية اثبتت غير ذلك
A new multiple fixed point theorem with applications
Authors: GEORGİEV Svetlin , MEBARKİ Karima
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this work is to establish an extension of a Bai-Ge type multiple fixed point theorem for a sum of two operators. The arguments are based upon recent

fixed point index theory in cones of Banach spaces for a k-set contraction perturbed by an expansive operator. As illustration, our approach is applied to prove the

existence of at least three nontrivial non-negative solutions for a class eigenvalue three-point BVPs for a class of fourth order ordinary differential equations (ODEs

for short).
KERAJINAN ANYAMAN TIKAR PURUN SEBAGAI SUMBER MATA PENCAHARIAN WARGA DI HANDIL MARHANANG KECAMATAN KAPUAS TIMUR KABUPATEN KAPUAS
Authors: Nadia
Published: April 2021

Purun adalah tumbuhan semak yang biasanya hidup di daerah dekat air atau rawa. Purun dimanfaatkan masyarakat sebagai kerajinan anyaman tangan dengan berbagai bentuk kreasi, diantaranya adalah tikar purun sebagai sumber mata pencaharian untuk memenuhi kebutuhan ekonomi masyarakat sehari-harinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskrepsikan kerajinan anyaman tikar purun sebagai sumber mata pencaharian warga di handil marhanang, kecamatan kapuas timur, kaabupaten kapuas. Serta keterkaitannya dengan IPS. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan terjun langsung ke lapangan untuk mengumpulkan informasi dengan melakukan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi.
“PENGARUH PEMBERITAAN BAKTERI SAKAZAKI TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN IBU RUMAH TANGGA MENGGUNAKAN SUSU FORMULA”
Authors: Daga Rosnaini
Published: April 2021

Bakteri sakazaki merupakan bakteri berbentuk batang, Gram negatif (White, 1998, Wikipedia, 2008), sel tunggal atau bergandengan, tidak membentuk spora (WHO, 2004), bersifat motil, memiliki flagella peritrik (White, 1998). Morfologi koloni E. sakazakii pada media Trypthon Soy Agar / TSA dari Oxoid: bahwa E. sakazakii membentuk koloni berbentuk bulat dan berwarna hijau . Koloni E. sakazakii kering mukoid dan liat seperti karet Susu formula adalah susu yang dibuat dari susu sapi atau susu buatan yang diubah komposisinya hingga dapat dipakai sebagai pengganti ASI. Alasan dipakainya susu sapi sebagai bahan dasar mungkin oleh banyaknya susu yang dapat dihasilkan oleh peternak (Pudjiadi, 2002).Philiph Kotler (1999:222 ) pengertian dari perilaku konsumen dapat didefinisikan sebagai berikut : “Perilaku konsumen adalah kegiatan – kegiatan individu yang secara langsung terlibat dalam mendapatkan dan mempergunakan barang – barang dan jasa, termasuk didalamnya proses pengambilan keputusan pada persiapan dan penentuan kegiatan – kegiatan tersebut”.
Association of transportation noise with sleep during infancy: a longitudinal study
Authors: Blume Christine , Schoch Sarah Fiona , Vienneau Danielle , Röösli Martin , Kohler Malcolm , Möller Alexander , Kurth Salome , Usemann Jakob
Published: April 2021

Study objectives: During infancy, adequate sleep is crucial for physical and neurocognitive development. In adults and children, night-time noise exposure is associated with sleep disturbances. However, whether and to what extent infants’ sleep is affected, is unknown. Thus, this study investigated the relationship between nocturnal transportation noise and actimetry-derived habitual sleep behavior across the first year of life.Methods: In 144 healthy infants (63 girls), nocturnal (23:00–7:00) transportation noise (i.e., road, railway, and aircraft) was modeled at the infants’ individual places of residence. Using actimetry, we recorded movement patterns for 11 days in a longitudinal design at 3, 6, and 12 months and derived the recently proposed core sleep composites of night-time sleep duration, activity, and variability. Using linear-mixed effects models, we determined associations between noise exposure and sleep composites. Sex, gestational age, parents’ highest educational level, infants’ age, and the existence of siblings served as control variables.Results: In models without interactions, night-time noise was unrelated to sleep composites across the first year of life (p > .16). Exploratory analyses of an interaction between noise and the existence of siblings yielded an association between night-time transportation noise and sleep duration in infants without siblings only (p=0.004). Conclusion: In our study, sleep in infants during the first year of life was relatively robust against external perturbation by night-time transportation noise. However, particularly in children without siblings increasing night-time transportation noise reduced sleep duration. This suggests that the habitual noise environment may modulate individual susceptibility to adverse effects of noise on sleep.
MELANIA S F_130119070
Authors: farkhah Melania saniatu
Published: April 2021

Pentingnya transformasi SDM di perusahaan dalam rangka menghadapi disrupsi ekonomi saat pandemi covid19
Differential expression of CASC5 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: April 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding cancer susceptibility candidate 5, CASC5, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. CASC5 was also differentially expressed in the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer. CASC5 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of CASC5 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with luminal B subtype cancer. CASC5 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
PENGARUH PROGRAM CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TERHADAP PENDAPATAN USAHA KECIL MENENGAH PADA PT. ANGKASA PURA I (Persero) CABANG MAKASSAR
Authors: Daga Rosnaini
Published: April 2021

Pengaruh Program Corporate Social Responsibility terhadap Pendapatan Usaha Kecil Menegah pada PT. Angkasa Pura I (Persero) Cabang Makassar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh program corporate social responsibility PT. Angkasa Pura I (Persero) Cabang Makassar terhadap pendapatan usaha kecil menengah.Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi sederhana dan uji t yang melihat seberapa besar pengaruh yang diberikan program corporate social responsibility terhadap pendapatan usaha kecil menengah.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa program corporate social responsibility PT. Angkasa Pura I (Persero) Cabang Makassar berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pendapatan usaha kecil menengah.
Economic Disruption, Will it Disrupt Indonesia?
Authors: Hariady Sheiren Elsafina
Published: April 2021

An article about economic disruption in Indonesia
Monitoring, intelligent perception and early warning of vortex-induced vibration of suspension bridge
Authors: Dan Danhui , Li Houjin
Published: April 2021

Vortex-induced vibration(VIV) is a serious problem of suspension bridges and other long-span bridges during the service period. It can cause the excessive amplitude of the structure under low wind speed, which not only affects the driving comfortableness and safety but also makes the structure face the risk of fatigue failure. The previous research on the identification and evaluation of bridge VIV events during the service period is based on the offline batch processing and analysis of monitoring data, which can not realize real-time perception, calculation, and early warning online. In this paper, according to the vibration characteristics of single-mode sinusoidal-like vibration of engineering structure during VIV, an intelligent monitoring and early warning method for VIV of suspension bridge based on recursive Hilbert transform is proposed. Firstly, the real-time acceleration integral algorithm is used to realize the real-time calculation from the acceleration monitoring data to the dynamic displacement of the stiffening beam, and then the recursive Hilbert transform is used to obtain the real-time analytical signal of the structural displacement during VIV; based on its single-mode near-circular trajectory characteristic, the VIV index and the real-time analysis method are proposed to characterize the development trend of VIV events. This online extraction algorithm can realize the first time warning and the whole process tracking and perception of VIV events. Furthermore, this article also provides a real-time online identification method of key motion parameters such as the instantaneous frequency, phase and amplitude of the structure during VIV, which lays a foundation for real-time monitoring of the whole process of VIV and further evaluation and management decision-making. The accuracy, reliability and engineering feasibility of the proposed method are verified by numerical simulation and VIV monitoring data of a real bridge.
Children’s vicarious ratings of social touch are tuned to the velocity but not the location of a caress.
Authors: Haggarty Connor , Trotter Paula , McGlone Francis , Walker Susannah
Published: April 2021

Affective sharing is a bottom-up process involving automatic processing of sensory inputs that facilitate vicarious experience of another’s emotional state. It is grounded directly in the prior experiences of the perceiver. In adults, vicarious ratings of affective touch match the known velocity tuning and hypothesized anatomical distribution of C-tactile afferents (CT), a subclass of C-fiber which respond preferentially to low force/velocity stroking touch, typically perceived as pleasant. Given the centrality of touch to early nurturing interactions, here we examined whether primary school aged children’s vicarious ratings of affective touch show the same anatomical and velocity specific patterns reported in adults. Forty-four children aged between 8 and 11 (mean age 9, 24 male) rated a sequence of video clips depicting one individual being touched by another on 5 different upper-body sites (palm, dorsal forearm, ventral forearm, upper-arm and back) at 3 different velocities (static, CT optimal, slow stroking and non-CT optimal, fast stroking). Immediately after viewing each clip, participants were asked to rate how pleasant they perceived the touch to be. While children rated the CT optimal velocity significantly higher than static or non-CT optimal touch, unlike adults their ratings did not vary across skin sites. This difference may reflect the fact children’s ratings are grounded in bottom-up affective resonance while adults also draw on top-down cognitive evaluation of the broader social context when rating the stimuli.
Measuring Rape Myth Acceptance in Sweden: Psychometric Properties of a Swedish Translation of The Acceptance of Modern Myths About Sexual Aggression Scale
Authors: Fernsund Hanna Elin , Luke Timothy John
Published: April 2021

Traditional rape myth acceptance (RMA) scales can yield low means and skewed distributions, potentially due to containing outdated beliefs and blatant wording. The Acceptance of Modern Myths About Sexual Aggression Scale (AMMSA) is an RMA measure which was developed to contain more subtle language and less severe forms of sexual aggression than traditional RMA scales. In this study, the English language AMMSA was translated into Swedish and the psychometric properties of the Swedish language AMMSA were assessed. The Swedish language AMMSA had desirable statistical properties and correlated positively with relevant measures (e.g., hostile sexism), which supported its validity. However, inconsistent with previous research, which has found the AMMSA to be unidimensional, the Swedish language AMMSA may consist of multiple factors.
Plans or Outcomes: How do we attribute intelligence to others?
Authors: Kryven Marta , Ullman Tomer David , Cowan Bill , Tenenbaum Joshua
Published: April 2021

Humans routinely make inferences about both the contents and the workings of other minds based on observed actions. People consider what others want or know, but also how intelligent, rational, or attentive they might be. Here, we introduce a new methodology for quantitatively studying the mechanisms people use to attribute intelligence to others based on their behavior. We focus on two key judgments previously proposed in the literature: judgments based on observed outcomes (you're smart if you won the game), and judgments based on evaluating the quality of an agent's planning that led to their outcomes (you're smart if you made the right choice, even if you didn't succeed). We present a novel task, the Maze Search Task (MST), in which participants rate the intelligence of agents searching a maze for a hidden goal. We model outcome-based attributions based on the observed utility of the agent upon achieving a goal, with higher utilities indicating higher intelligence, and model planning-based attributions by measuring the proximity of the observed actions to an ideal planner, such that agents who produce closer approximations of optimal plans are seen as more intelligent. We examine human attributions of intelligence in 3 experiments that use MST, and find that participants used both outcome and planning as indicators of intelligence. However, observing outcome was not necessary, and participants still made planning-based attributions of intelligence when the outcome was not observed. We also found that the weights individuals placed on plans and on outcome correlated with an individual's ability to engage in cognitive reflection. Our results suggest that people attribute intelligence based on plans given sufficient context and cognitive resources, and rely on outcome when computational resources or context are limited.
Increasing environmental awareness with immersive virtual reality?
Authors: Thoma Stefan Pascal , Weibel David , Mayer Boris , Hartmann Matthias , Christen Jonas , Mast Fred
Published: April 2021

We investigated the imact of immersive VR exposure of a melting glacier on environmental awareness
Bored by bothering: A cost-value approach to pandemic boredom
Authors: Martarelli Corinna , Wolff Wanja , Bieleke Maik
Published: April 2021

In an effort to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries around the world have employed non-pharmaceutical containment measures. The effectiveness of such mitigation efforts relies on individual compliance (e.g., avoiding to travel or to gather). Crucially, adhering to the required behavioral recommendations places substantial burdens on those who are asked to follow them. One particularly likely outcome of adherence should be the experience of boredom. Thus, people might get bored by bothering. Drawing from research and theorizing on reward-based decision making, we conducted a high-powered study (N = 1553 US participants) to investigate whether the value and effort people ascribe to adherence to containment measures directly and indirectly (i.e., mediated by adherence) affects their experience of boredom. As expected, structural equation modeling revealed that high value and low effort predicted compliance with behavioral recommendations. Moreover, higher compliance was linked to more boredom, meaning that high value and low effort increased boredom via compliance. In contrast, high value and low effort had direct effects on boredom in the opposite direction (i.e., decreasing boredom). Attesting to their robustness and generalizability, these findings held for both prospective (with respect to upcoming winter holidays) and retrospective behavior (with respect to previous thanksgiving holidays), across US states which had or had not enforced behavioral restrictions, individual differences in boredom proneness, and demographic variables. Taken together, our results show that people can indeed get bored by bothering: Complying with nonpharmacological containment measures like avoiding to travel and to gather can come at the cost of getting bored, an experience that was strongly linked to negative affect in our study. While the observed levels of compliance were relatively high and those of boredom were relatively low, the data suggest that this could change over time because levels of boredom might rise. This might render maintenance of compliance in the general public increasingly difficult. However, we illustrate how policy makers can rely on theoretical models of boredom and behavior to maintain compliance and discuss the chances and pitfalls of doing so.
Public Value, Psychology, and Neuroscience
Authors: Han Hyemin
Published: April 2021

Research on public value is inevitable interdisciplinary in its nature due to its aim and purpose. Both philosophical and empirical approaches are necessary to conduct such research in a successful manner. In the present paper, I intend to discuss the importance of empirical approaches in research on public values, particularly psychological and neuroscientific approaches with concrete examples. I proposed that such empirical approaches are essential in better understanding the processes and mechanisms associated with how people address issues engaging in public value in the modern society. Also, I overviewed how the psychological and neuroscientific approaches contribute to practical aspects related to public value, such as policy making and education. Based on the aforementioned points, I briefly discussed directions for future research in research on public value as an interdisciplinary field.
Acute Effect of Physical Exercise on Negative Affect in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Pilot Study
Authors: St-Amour Samuel , Cailhol Lionel , Ruocco Anthony C. , Bernard Paquito
Published: April 2021

Physical exercise is an evidence-based treatment to reduce symptoms and negative affect in several psychiatric disorders, including depressive, anxiety, and psychotic disorders. However, the effect of physical exercise on negative affect in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) has not yet been investigated. In this pilot study, we tested the safety, acceptability, and potential acute effects on negative affect of a single session of aerobic physical exercise in adults with BPD. After completing a negative mood induction procedure, 28 adults with BPD were randomly assigned to a 20-minute single session of stationary bicycle or a control condition. No adverse effects attributed to the physical exercise were reported and it was considered acceptable to patients. Following the negative mood induction, both conditions decreased the level of negative affects with a medium effect size but there was no significant difference between them. The results suggest that a single 20-minute session of physical exercise does not produce a reduction of negative affect in BPD. Future research should consider the duration and intensities of physical exercise with the greatest potential to reduce negative affect both acutely and in a more prolonged manner in this patient group.
Distribution of boron in the rocks of central Nepal Himalaya
Authors: Rai Santa Man
Published: April 2021

Boron content in the rocks of central Nepal Himalaya depends upon the lithology and the grade of metamorphism. The concentration of boron is abundant (up to 322 ppm) in the metasedimentary rocks of the Lesser Himalaya. There seems to be a rather good correlation between the boron content in the rocks and the grade of metamorphism. The boron content progressively increases from chlorite to garnet isograds, then it systematically decreases in the staurolite±kyanite, kyanite and sillimanite isograds, respectively. This trend may be related to the inverse metamorphism associated with movement along the Main Central Thrust.

The Manaslu leucogranite contains very high amount of boron (950 ppm). The enrichment of boron in this rock may be due to the release of boron from the Lesser Himalayan rocks during the partial melting of the Higher Himalayan Crystallines (Tibetan Slab) as a result of the movement along the MCT. Tourmaline from the Manaslu Granite is also highly rich in boron (8460 ppm).
Landslide hazard zonation of Dharasu -Tehri-Ghansali area of Garhwal Himalaya, India using remote sensing and GIS techniques
Authors: Joshi Varun , Murthy T. V. R. , Arya A. S. , Narayana A. , Naithani A. K. , Garg J. K.
Published: April 2021

The landslide hazard zonation of Dharasu-Tehri -Ghansali area of Garhwal Himalaya has been carried out using Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) LISS II and SPOT (MLA) data for various geo-environmental parameters viz. lithology, structure, land use/land cover, slope and drainage. The forest types and density and other land uses in the reservoir rim area were delineated and also assessed the direct loss of forests, agricultural land, wastelands and other landuse in the submergence area of the Tehri dam. There are 71 landslides in the periphery of the Bhagirathi and the Bhilangana rivers, which will enclose the impounded reservoir. Out of 71 landslides 35 will get submerged during the reservoir-filling phase while remaining will continue to exist. By overlaying the thematic maps in Geographical Information System (GIS) environment and using statistical parameters, a landslide hazard zonation map has been prepared. Phyllite, dissected hills, slope 50°-60°, agriculture and convex side of stream channel were to be found more susceptible for landslide. An area of 43.5 km2 in the reservoir rim falls in the category of high to very high class as per the landslide hazard zone code.
Dimension stone of Makawanpur District, central Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Uttam Bol , Napit Dinesh Kumar
Published: April 2021

An exploration of polished/dimension stones was carried out in the Makawanpur district. In the study area various rock types were examined for their suitability in terms of quality and strength, and potential areas were delineated for the detailed study. The area is found to comprise various rock types suitable for dimension stones. Among them, the most viable rock types are granite, aplite, marble, limestone, quartzite and amphibolite. This paper describes mineralogy, weathering grade, nature of discontinuities, and physico-mechanical properties of rocks from different potential sites and presents the results of exploration.
An assessment of landslide hazard along alternate road alignment in the Mussoorie Hills, Uttaranchal, India
Authors: Roy Subhash Chander
Published: April 2021

The Dehradun -Mussoorie area comprises a combination of the Krol-Tai formation of the doubly plunging Mussoorie Syncline. The limestone belonging to the Krol C stage of the Krol Formation is being extensively mined in the west and southwest of Mussoorie. The Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) and a large number of folds and faults affect the rocks exposed all along the Dehradun-Mussoorie Highway. There are many landslides along the highway particularly near the Kalagad Nala and Nalota Nala. These cause obstruction and problems for tourists and mine traffic along the highway.

In order to ensure uninterrupted traffic and safety of tourists it became necessary to explore alternate routes for transporting the mine produce. Two of the alternate alignments identified are the Dehradun-Kiarkuli alignment and the Dehradun-Kimiari (Lambhidhar) alignment. Different levels of landsliding indices for sections of these routes were assessed and calculated on the basis of evaluation of various parameters such as lithological variation, folds and faults affecting the rock formations, hill slope angle, density of vegetation, orientation of discontinuities and extraneous activities of mining and mining traffic.

The methodology adopted included assigning numerical values for various landslide hazard levels: the highest and the lowest levels being assigned 100 and zero values respectively. The Index of Landsliding for a particular section was arrived at by averaging different values assessed for these parameters. Thus, an Index of Landsliding in the range of 9l-100 represents a zone of open forests where the geological formations are thinly bedded, and/or highly jointed, dip steeply (20°-45°) and have suffered disturbance due to faulting, mining and truck traffic. A lower Index of Landsliding represents correspondingly more stable status of hill slopes.

The MBT affects the rock formation along the Dehradun-Kiarkuli alignment and Dehradun-Kimiari alignment near Punkulgaon and Galjwari respectively. Phyllite, shale and quartzite exposed along parts of these alignments have suffered excessive shattering and the highest level (91-100) of landsliding. The level of Landsliding Index is also of higher order in the vicinity of the mine areas near Kiarkuli and Lambhidhar.

In the context of extensive landsliding in the vicinity of the MBT and the mines, it is advisable that an equitable distribution of transport load is made over these alignments to save not only these routes but also the Dehradun-Mussoorie Highway from excessive destabilization and degradation.
Morphometric analysis of Arun River Valley, eastern Nepal
Authors: Thakur Pramod Kumar
Published: April 2021

The Arun River shows antecedent characteristics but almost all tributaries show consequent characteristics. The drainage system of the Arun River Valley (ARV) is influenced by local geological structures in number of ways. The sharp bending, sudden high gradient, narrow valleys that suddenly become wide are common. In the ARV, major tributaries are of sixth order, as the order becomes higher, total number of stream segments becomes progressively smaller, but physical dimensions of the streams increase gradually. In some areas, the divides are low and indistinct, while in others they form high mountain systems. Valley deepening is affected by various factors such as- hydraulic action, corrosion/abrasion of the valley base and weathering of the stream bed increased by subsequent removal of weathered materials. Valley deepening is very high between Pisu la and the Barun Dovan; between the Num and Yamchung as well as Leguwaghat and Barachetra. Valley widening process is predominant near Kimathanka, between Tumlingtar and Surtibari and Sattare areas. The Arun River, flowing in the state of channel equilibrium condition partially modified after local recent tectonic events. In the near future there is very low risk of vast channel shifting phenomena in the valley. The paper describes major morphometrical analysis of the Arun River Valley, eastern Nepal.
Thankot Active Fault in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal Himalaya
Authors: Asahi Katsuhiko
Published: April 2021

A WNW-ESE trending active fault (ca. 6 km long) named as Thankot Active Fault (TAF) has been recognized in the south western part of the Kathmandu Valley. The fault with low scarps, flexure, fault trench, minor graben, and sag pond cuts through the terraces and alluvial fans along the foot of the northern flank of the Chandragiri Range. Based on the morphotectonic features and configuration along the fault, the fault has been identified as a reverse fault on the southwestern area but shows normal faulting on the northeast. The vertical rate of displacement along the fault is less than 1 mm a-1. The Thankot Active Fault runs counter to the Chitlang Fault another active fault just outside Kathmandu Valley. The sense of these two faults may imply a conjugate system putting the Chandragiri Range between a pair of active faults.
COVID-19: Are reinfections a global health threat?
Authors: Banerjee Indrajit , Robinson Jared , Sathian Brijesh
Published: April 2021

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has plagued the planet and caused unfathomable disruptions in every facet of our lives. The undue and unforeseen losses as a consequence of this pandemic will take years to quantify and even longer to curtail. This phenomenon creates an innate pressure on humans as it synergistically charges the environment to propel the movement of restarting enterprise and life as it was before the pandemic in order to curb this “loss”.
A plethora of hurdles however are still in question. Firstly, the re-opening of enterprise and a country has to be done in a safe manner. To overcome this hurdle the development of multiple vaccinations to this novel virus has been streamlined.
The greatest matter in question however, is the efficacy of these vaccines and whether they will be the answer to allow a safe re-ignition of global enterprise and countries as multiple cases of reinfections have been recorded, namely reinfections post recovery from the disease. After the initiation of the immunization with both the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine and the Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine, cases of infection with COVID-19 have been reported. 
It is evident that reinfections of the SARS-CoV-2 virus can be attributed to two major benefactors. The first being a decrease in production or failure of natural acquired immunity thus leading to the reinfection by the same strain of the virus rendering the person ill and or asymptomatic. The second benefactor is that of mutations. Mutations of the virus will predispose to reinfections as the already established naturally acquired immunity is not beneficial or useful to combat a mutated strain. It is thus poignant for cases of reinfection to be investigated thoroughly as to determine whether the reinfection was caused due to an innate lack of immunity or due to a new strain where no prior immunity existed. It must however be noted that the cases of reinfections are a rather rare event and even if a reinfection does occur, the case if usually mild and or asymptomatic. The impact of reinfection on immunization at this point of time is difficult to quantify however, initial reports do show positive signs even in cases where the vaccine is not fully effective against a mutated strain.
Effect of Inflation, BI Rate And Net Export To USD Central Exchange Rate to Rupiahs In Bank Indonesia For 2005-2019
Authors: Harjunawati Sri , Hendarsih Ida , Addin Syahrial , Marthanti Amas Sari
Published: April 2021

This study discusses the USD Central Exchange Rate of USD To Rupiah at Bank Indonesia as a Dependency Factor (Y), with independent factors that can approve internal aggregates, namely In ation (X1), BI Rate (X2), and Net Exports (X3). The hypothesis used in this study is In ation (X1) that applies to the USD Middle Rate Against Rupiah at Bank Indonesia (Y), whether the BI Rate (X2) is related to the USD Middle Rate Against Rupiah at Bank Indonesia (Y), whether Net Exports (Y X3) against the USD Exchange Rate Against Rupiah at Bank Indonesia (Y), and whether In ation (X1), BI Rate (X2), and Net Exports (X3) simultaneously oppose the USD Exchange Rate Against Rupiah at Bank Indonesia (Y). The data used are secondary data released by the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency and processed using SPSS.22. The classic test is done using the Normality Test, Autocorrelation Test, and Multicollinearity Test. Hypothesis testing is done using a Simple Linear Test and Multiple Linear Test. This research resulted in a calculated value of X1 against Y of -1.318; the value of t-count X2 against Y is -1,963; and the t-value of X3 against Y is -3,803. The t-table value is negative in this study -2.16037. Multiple linear tests in this study produced a calculated F value of 4.670> 3.587 (F table). The regression equation in this study is Y = 12,226,241 - 166,022.X1 + 196,115.X2 - 0,101.X3 + e. The coe cient of R value is 0.748 and the value of R square is 0.56.
Pengaruh Likuiditas dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Return Saham pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sub Sektor Makanan dan Minuman
Authors: Lesmana Hendra , Erawati Wati , Mubarok Husni , Suryanti Ery
Published: April 2021

This study aims to test whether liquidity and company size have an influence on stock returns in manufacturing companies in the food and beverage sub-sector in 2017-2019. The total population of this study was 26 companies with a total sample of 11 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with a study period of three years so that the research sample was 33 data. The data used is secondary data from various reliable sources. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling method. The independent variables include liquidity and company size, while the dependent variable is stock returns. Collecting data in this study using secondary data with documentation methods. The method of analysis of this research is using multiple linear regression analysis and t test. Based on the t test shows that (1) liquidity has a significant effect on stock returns (2) company size has an influence on stock returns.The company’s ability to pay debts on time will make the stock returns be returned appropriately. Mean while, company size has a positive and insignificant effect on stock returns.
Des Provinces-Unies aux capitales européennes.
Authors: Brétéché Marion
Published: April 2021

À la fin des années 1680, paraissent à Leyde puis à La Haye et Amsterdam, les premiers « mercures de Hollande ». Cette nouvelle forme de périodiques consacrés exclusivement à l’information politique européenne donne alors naissance à la première presse politique d’analyse et d’opinion en langue française. Tandis que cette production singulière est publiée uniquement en Hollande jusque dans les années 1720, à partir de cette date, les principales capitales d’Europe se dotent chacune de leur propre mercure en français. Tout en cherchant à saisir les mécanismes de la diffusion européenne de ce nouveau journalisme politique, cette contribution vise à interpréter les mutations subies par ce modèle lors de ses déclinaisons européennes et à interroger la portée politique de l’essor de la presse dans l’Europe des Lumières, depuis la fin du XVIIe siècle jusqu’aux années 1770.
Utilisation and Perception of Complementary and Alternative Therapies (CATs) among Obese and Overweight Individuals in a Malaysian Public University
Authors: Lua Pei Lin , Roslim Nurul Afiedia , Ahmad Aryati , Mansor Mardiana , Aung Myat Moe Thwe , Hamzah Farrahdilla
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Obesity and overweight are among the most serious public health issues that can threaten the well-being of individuals. Its increasing prevalence in Malaysia has inevitably caused many to additionally seek complementary and alternative therapies (CATs) to lose weight. This study intends to 1) assess the utilization and perception toward CATs among obese and overweight participants and 2) assess applicability, practicality, reliability and validity of the UPCATs-Malay. Materials and methods: It was conducted cross-sectionally on 30 students and staff. Responses were analyzed using SPSS (v21). Results: Among the participants (age = 26.17±8.23 years; female = 66.7%; students = 63.3%), 40.0% were overweight and 60.0% were obese. Overall, 23.3% of the participants had previously used some types of CATs to lose weight, with herbal or dietary supplements (20.0%) being the most common. Participants’ attitudes towards CATs were mostly influenced by the internet (93.3%). Most believed that CATs modalities were safe (53.3%) and not a threat to public health (70.0%). The majority of participants (53.3%) were also considering joining any CATs-based weight management programmes. Additionally, the questionnaire was considered clear, comprehensive and not difficult to complete (< 5 minutes). The overall reliability was 0.711 (domain range = 0.641-0.881). Majority of individual items in UPCATs-Malay correlated better with their domains compared to other domains supporting validity. Conclusion: Overall, positive perceptions towards CATs were apparent and the questionnaire was reliable and valid. Further approaches should be taken especially on the identification of safe, viable CATs modalities and their role in weight management.
Using Mathematical and Statistical Model to Forecast the Path of Infection by Covid-19 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Omara Tarek , Harby Khaled A.
Published: April 2021

Saudi Arabia, like any other part of the earthly globe, has been exposed to the Covid-19 pandemic. The first case appeared on March 3, 2020, followed by an increase in the number of infections until it reached thousands with the numbers on the rise. Therefore, adopting clear strategies to deal with the pandemic according to specific data on its size is necessary. In this study, the time series of the number of infections and deaths were analyzed to study the behavior of the pandemic over time. The cumulative curve of the phenomenon was analyzed to show the extent of the pandemic's decline or spread. On the other hand, the time curve of the number of cases of the pandemic was fitted based on a set of mathematical and statistical models, which were divided into three sections [nonlinear growth model, Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious, Recovered (SEIR) model, regression model] to attain the best possible fitting of the relationship curve. The results show that the Weibull model and Polynomial model at (n = 4) are the best models for fitting the relationship at short run and the SEIR model gives better relationship fitting at long run. In conclusion, there is a tendency for the disease to decline during the short period, while expecting other waves of the epidemic that will recede in the long term with the emergence of a suitable vaccine.
Postnatal Depression in Malaysia: Perspectives of Stakeholder on Awareness Medium
Authors: Alimuddin Aishah Siddiqah , Mohd Daud Tuti Iryani , Silim Umi Adzlin , Mohd Balwi Mohd Abdul Wahab Fatoni , Zainuddin Ani Amelia , Midin Marhani , Zakaria Hazli
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION: Postnatal depression is a highly prevailing illness, yet underdiagnosed. Untreated, it carries a transgenerational impact, and therefore promoting awareness for it has to be of high priority. This research explored the elements of an educational tool to develop awareness for postnatal depression as preferred by stakeholders. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A descriptive qualitative approach using semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted, where nine participants were recruited via purposive sampling from a university hospital in Malaysia. Interviews with each participant were audio-recorded and transcribed to verbatims. Emergent themes were identified during the analysis. RESULTS: Four consistent themes regarding elements for an educational tool were derived as follows: Foundations of the tool, Illness circumstances, Support bases, and Matters of perspective. CONCLUSION: An educational video within the local setting should involve the usage of a short emotionally driven video, highlighting illness- and treatment-related content, and addressing the preference and concerns of women within the religious and cultural context. The use of edutainment as an educational tool is replicable and has a high outreach even to those who are illiterate. The findings can be used in the tailored development of an educational video on postnatal depression which will benefit local women by creating awareness and encouraging early help-seeking.
Depression Among Non-Cancer Chronic Pain Patients at a Tertiary Hospital in Malaysia
Authors: Muniandy Rajesh Kumar , Dharmalingam T Kumaravadivel
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION: Pain is as important public health concern. Chronic pain patients most frequently present with depression, and this needed to be treated. The aim of the study was to find the prevalence of depression among non-cancer chronic pain patients attending a Pain Clinic in Malaysia, and discuss possible treatment methods to help these patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Inclusion criteria were all non- cancer chronic pain patients who visited the Pain Clinic of Queen Elizabeth Hospital (QEH), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah from 2013 till 2017. All patients were required to fill a PainDetect form and a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). RESULTS: Two hundred and fifty-four patient’s case notes were analysed. The results show that 29.6 % patients had mild depression, with 34.4% of patients had moderate to severe depression. There was a significant correlation between pain scores and depression. There was also a significant correlation between PainDetect scores and depression. CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of depression among non-cancer chronic pain patients. This study shows that psychological treatment for all chronic pain patients is needed.