bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation Process of In Situ MgB2 Material with Ex Situ MgB2 Barrier to Obtain Long Sections of Superconducting Multicore Wires
Authors: Filar Krzysztof , Kawecki Artur , Morawski Andrzej Jacek , Sieja-Smaga Eliza , Cetner Tomasz , Mamala Andrzej , Skiba Jacek , Gajda Grzegorz
Published: December 2024

In the present study, our emphasis was directed towards the fabrication process of long multi-core superconducting wires, each spanning several hundred meters. These wires feature an in situ MgB2 core, an ex situ MgB2 barrier, and a copper shield. The cost-effectiveness of these constituent materials, coupled with a judicious arrangement of internal components, facilitates the utilization of an economical shielding material for the resulting wire. Our ongoing efforts have successfully yielded several hundred-meter-long wire sections possessing favorable superconducting characteristics, making them suitable for self-field applications, such as direct current (DC) power lines.
Prediction of Mechanical Properties and Fracture Behavior of TC17 Linear Friction Welded Joint Based on Finite Element Simulation
Authors: Xiao Xuan , Mao Yue , Fu Li
Published: December 2024

TC17 titanium alloy is widely used in the aviation industry for dual-performance blades, and linear friction welding (LFW) is a key technology for its manufacturing and repair. However, accurate evaluation of the mechanical properties of TC17−LFW joints and research on their joint fracture behavior are still not clear. Therefore, this paper used the finite element numerical simulation method (FEM) to investigate the mechanical behavior of the TC17−LFW joint with a complex micro−structure during the tensile processing, and predicted its mechanical properties and fracture behavior. The results indicate that the simulated elastic modulus of the joint is 108.5 GPa, the yield strength is 1023.2 MPa, the tensile strength is 1067.5 MPa, and the elongation is 1.98%. The deviations from measured results between simulated results are less than 2%. The stress and strain field studies during the processing show that the material located at the upper and lower edges of the joint in the WZ experiences stress and strain concentration, followed by the extending of the stress and strain concentration zone toward the center of the WZ. And finally, the strain concentration zone covered the entire WZ. The fracture behavior studies show that the material necking occurs in the TMAZ of TC17(α + β) and WZ, while cracks first appear in the WZ. Subsequently, joint cracks propagate along the TC17(α + β) side of the WZ until fracture occurs. There are obvious tearing edges formed by the partial tearing of the WZ structure in the simulated fracture surface, and there are fracture surfaces with different height differences at the center of the joint crack, indicating that the joint has mixed fracture characteristics.
Advancements in Smart Nondestructive Evaluation of Industrial Machines: A Comprehensive Review of Computer Vision and AI Techniques for Infrastructure Maintenance
Authors: Mohammadi Samira , Sattarpanah Karganroudi Sasan , Rahmanian Vahid
Published: December 2024

Infrastructure maintenance is critical to ensuring public safety and the longevity of essential structures. Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) techniques allow for infrastructure inspection without causing damage. Computer vision has emerged as a powerful tool in this domain, providing automated, efficient, and accurate solutions for defect detection, structural monitoring, and real-time analysis. This review explores the current state of computer vision in NDE, discussing key techniques, applications across various infrastructure types, and the integration of deep learning models such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), vision transformers (ViTs), and hybrid models. The review also highlights challenges, including data availability and scalability. It proposes future research directions, including real-time monitoring and the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with Internet of Things (IoT) devices for comprehensive inspections.
A Review of Stall Detection in Subsonic Axial Compressors
Authors: Wilson Kellie N. , Jaman Golam Gause , Thapa Anish , Vivekananda Amirthavarshini , Lowe Mitchell , Grima Zachary , Schoen Marco P.
Published: December 2024

Stall events in axial compressor systems have been a limiting factor for efficiency of such systems and a source of safety concerns. The detection of the onset of stall, and in many cases the precursor of the onset of stall, have been of interest in the axial compressor community for many decades. As such, development of algorithms along with active control could lower cost, reduce emissions, improve safety, and increase market competitiveness. To gain an understanding of these stall phenomena, past and current research has focused on modeling axial compressors as dynamic systems, with a focus on obtaining descriptive formulations of the physical aspects of stall. Some of these approaches allow for active control measures that extend the stall margin of the compressor system to increase safety and efficacy. This paper reviews the major contributions in these listed pursuits and presents the latest methods and algorithms for stall precursor detection in low-speed axial compressors. In particular, a review is presented in the types and characteristics of stalls, the major mathematical models used to describe these systems, influences of physical attributes such as tip clearance, guide vanes, and groove casing—operating as passive control elements—but also active control utilities such as air injection are discussed along with a detailed review of existing stall precursor detection algorithms. In addition, a forward-looking projection is presented that includes the use of machine learning algorithms to further the understanding and the capability of stall precursor detection.
Estimation Strategy for the Adhesion Coefficient of Arbitrary Pavements Based on an Optimal Adaptive Fusion Algorithm
Authors: Xu Zhiwei , Wang Jianxi , Lu Yongjie , Li Haoyu
Published: December 2024

Accurately and quickly estimating the peak pavement adhesion coefficient is crucial for achieving high-quality driving and for optimizing vehicle stability control strategies. However, it also helps with putting forward higher requirements for vehicle driving states, tire model construction, the speed of the convergence, and the precision of the estimation algorithm. This paper unequivocally presents two highly effective methods for accurately estimating the peak pavement adhesion coefficient. Firstly, a new dimensionless tire model is constructed. A relationship between the mechanical tire characteristics and peak adhesion coefficient is established by using the Burckhardt model’s analogy between the adhesion coefficient and peak adhesion coefficient, and the UKE algorithm completes the estimation. Secondly, an adaptive variable universe fuzzy algorithm (AVUFS) is established using the follow-up of the adhesion coefficient between the tire and the road surface. Even if the slip rate is less than 5%, the algorithm can still complete accurate estimations and does not depend on the initial given information. Finally, using the estimation advantages of the two algorithms, fusion optimization is performed, and the best estimation result is obtained. Based on the simulation results, the algorithm can quickly and precisely predict the maximum pavement adhesion coefficient in situations where the pavement has a low or high adhesion coefficient.
Fast Load Distribution Calculation for Cylindrical Gears with Non-Involute Tooth Profiles
Authors: Fetzer Karsten , Landler Stefan , Berger Jonas-Frederick , Otto Michael , Stahl Karsten
Published: December 2024

Advancements in manufacturing technology provide users with new opportunities for the design of gears. Special gearings with customized non-involute tooth profile geometries offer a promising alternative to conventional involute gears, addressing limitations, such as undercutting and small radii of curvature near the tooth root. However, the absence of standardized design procedures for non-involute gears, such as ISO 6336 for involute gears, often necessitates reliance on numerical simulations and methodologies using approximations. Analytical methods for determining key parameters—such as the topological load distribution and contact pressures—are currently specialized for involute gears and can hardly be directly applied to special gears. This paper proposes a generalization of the analytical static load distribution calculation for non-involute tooth profiles. A relationship between the applied torque and the transmission error at every meshing position is derived. This approach is validated using the calculation software RIKOR with two exemplary involute gearings, demonstrating consistency with the established method. Additionally, the proposed framework is applied to an exemplary cycloid gear and an eccentric cycloid gear to demonstrate the capability to analyze arbitrary tooth profile geometries. The results highlight the potential for the reliable and efficient design of non-involute gears through analytical methods.
Soret Effect on the Instability of Double-Diffusive Convection in a Saturated Vertical Brinkman Porous Layer of Oldroyd-B Fluid
Authors: Ren Yuanzhen , Jian Yongjun
Published: December 2024

The instability of the double-diffusive convection of an Oldroyd-B fluid in a vertical Brinkman porous layer caused by temperature and solute concentration differences with the Soret effect is studied. Based on perturbation theory, an Orr–Sommerfeld eigenvalue problem is derived and numerically solved using the Chebyshev collocation method. The effects of dimensionless parameters on the neutral stability curves and the growth rate curves are examined. It is found that Lewis number Le, Darcy–Prandtl number PrD, and normalized porosity η have critical values: When below these thresholds, the parameters promote instability, whereas exceeding them leads to suppression of instability. In addition, for Le < Lec2 (a critical value of Le), Sr strengthens the instability of the flow, while for Le > Lec2, Sr suppresses it. These results highlight the complex coupling of heat and mass transfer in Oldroyd-B fluids within porous media.
Integrated Scheduling of Multi-Objective Job Shops and Material Handling Robots with Reinforcement Learning Guided Meta-Heuristics
Authors: Xu Zhangying , Jia Qi , Gao Kaizhou , Fu Yaping , Yin Li , Sun Qiangqiang
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the integrated multi-objective scheduling problems of job shops and material handling robots (MHR) with minimising the maximum completion time (makespan), earliness or tardiness, and total energy consumption. The collaborative scheduling of MHR and machines can enhance efficiency and reduce costs. First, a mathematical model is constructed to articulate the concerned problems. Second, three meta-heuristics, i.e., genetic algorithm (GA), differential evolution, and harmony search, are employed, and their variants with seven local search operators are devised to enhance solution quality. Then, reinforcement learning algorithms, i.e., Q-learning and state–action–reward–state–action (SARSA), are utilised to select suitable local search operators during iterations. Three reward setting strategies are designed for reinforcement learning algorithms. Finally, the proposed algorithms are examined by solving 82 benchmark instances. Based on the solutions and their analysis, we conclude that the proposed GA integrating SARSA with the first reward setting strategy is the most competitive one among 27 compared algorithms.
Multi-Label Classification Algorithm for Adaptive Heterogeneous Classifier Group
Authors: Han Meng , Yang Shurong , Wu Hongxin , Ding Jian
Published: December 2024

Ensemble classification is widely used in multi-label algorithms, and it can be divided into homogeneous ensembles and heterogeneous ensembles according to classifier types. A heterogeneous ensemble can generate classifiers with better diversity than a homogeneous ensemble and improve the performance of classification results. An Adaptive Heterogeneous Classifier Group (AHCG) algorithm is proposed. The AHCG first proposes the concept of a Heterogeneous Classifier Group (HCG); that is, two groups of different ensemble classifiers are used in the testing and training phases. Secondly, the Adaptive Selection Strategy (ASS) is proposed, which can select the ensemble classifiers to be used in the test phase. The least squares method is used to calculate the weights of the base classifiers for the in-group classifiers and dynamically update the base classifiers according to the weights. A large number of experiments on seven datasets show that this algorithm has better performance than most existing ensemble classification algorithms in terms of its accuracy, example-based F1 value, micro-averaged F1 value, and macro-averaged F1 value.
Contact Interaction of a Rigid Stamp and a Porous Elastic Cylinder of Finite Dimensions
Authors: Chebakov Mikhail I. , Kolosova Elena M. , Datcheva Maria D.
Published: December 2024

This article investigates an axisymmetric contact problem involving the interaction between a rigid cylindrical stamp and a poroelastic cylinder of finite dimensions, based on the Cowin–Nunziato theory of media with voids. The stamp is assumed to have a flat base and to be in frictionless contact with the cylinder. The cylinder, in turn, rests on a rigid base without friction, with no normal displacements or tangential stresses on its lateral surface. Under an applied vertical force, the stamp undergoes displacement, compressing the poroelastic cylinder. The mathematical formulation of this problem involves expressing the unknown displacements within the cylinder and the variation in pore volume fraction as a series of Bessel functions. This representation reduces the problem to an integral equation of the first kind, describing the distribution of contact stresses beneath the stamp. The kernel of the integral equation is explicitly provided in its transformed form. The collocation method is employed to solve the integral equation, enabling the determination of contact stresses and the relationship between the indenter’s displacement and the applied force. A comparative model parameter analysis is performed to examine the effects of different material porosity parameters and model geometrical characteristics on the results.
Discrete Derivative Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations
Authors: Hennig Dirk , Cuevas-Maraver Jesús
Published: December 2024

We consider novel discrete derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equations (ddNLSs). Taking the continuum derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation (dNLS), we use for the discretisation of the derivative the forward, backward, and central difference schemes, respectively, and term the corresponding equations forward, backward, and central ddNLSs. We show that in contrast to the dNLS, which is completely integrable and supports soliton solutions, the forward and backward ddNLSs can be either dissipative or expansive. As a consequence, solutions of the forward and backward ddNLSs behave drastically differently compared to those of the (integrable) dNLS. For the dissipative forward ddNLS, all solutions decay asymptotically to zero, whereas for the expansive forward ddNLS all solutions grow exponentially in time, features that are not present in the dynamics of the (integrable) dNLS. In comparison, the central ddNLS is characterized by conservative dynamics. Remarkably, for the central ddNLS the total momentum is conserved, allowing the existence of solitary travelling wave (TW) solutions. In fact, we prove the existence of solitary TWs, facilitating Schauder’s fixed-point theorem. For the damped forward expansive ddNLS we demonstrate that there exists such a balance of dissipation so that solitary stationary modes exist.
Solitary Wave Solutions to a Fractional-Order Fokas Equation via the Improved Modified Extended Tanh-Function Approach
Authors: Almatrafi M. B.
Published: December 2024

This research employs the improved modified extended tanh-function technique to explore several solitary wave solutions to the fractional-order Fokas equation. The propagation of waves in fluid dynamics and optical systems are two examples of various natural phenomena that are effectively addressed by the fractional-order Fokas equation. The model captures a generalization of the integer derivative form by including fractional derivatives defined in the conformable sense. We use the phase portrait theory to investigate the existence of traveling wave solutions. The improved modified extended tanh-function technique is successfully applied as a reliable analytical procedure to derive several solitary wave solutions, providing an approachable structure to deal with the complexity introduced by the fractional order. The extracted solutions, which are illustrated by hyperbolic, trigonometric, and rational functions, exhibit a variety of solitary wave shapes, such as bell-shaped, kink, and anti-kink patterns. We additionally evaluate how well the employed method performs in comparison to other approaches. Furthermore, some graphical visualizations are provided to clearly demonstrate the physical behavior of the obtained solutions under various parameter values. The outcomes highlight the effectiveness and adaptability of the proposed strategy in resolving fractional nonlinear differential equations and expand our knowledge of fractional-order systems.
A Closed Form of Higher-Order Cayley Transforms and Generalized Rodrigues Vectors Parameterization of Rigid Motion
Authors: Condurache Daniel , Cojocari Mihail , Ciureanu Ioan-Adrian
Published: December 2024

This paper introduces a novel closed-form coordinate-free expression for the higher-order Cayley transform, a concept that has not been explored in depth before. The transform is defined by the Lie algebra of three-dimensional vectors into the Lie group of proper orthogonal Euclidean tensors. The approach uses only elementary algebraic calculations with Euclidean vectors and tensors. The analytical expressions are given by rational functions by the Euclidean norm of vector parameterization. The inverse of the higher-order Cayley map is a multi-valued function that recovers the higher-order Rodrigues vectors (the principal parameterization and their shadows). Using vector parameterizations of the Euler and higher-order Rodrigues vectors, we determine the instantaneous angular velocity (in space and body frame), kinematics equations, and tangent operator. The analytical expressions of the parameterized quantities are identical for both the principal vector and shadows parameterization, showcasing the novelty and potential of our research.
EWMA Control Chart Integrated with Time Series Models for COVID-19 Surveillance
Authors: Hsu Chen-Rui , Wang Hsiuying
Published: December 2024

The global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a severe threat to public health and caused widespread socioeconomic disruptions in the past several years. While the pandemic has subsided, it is essential to explore effective disease surveillance tools to aid in controlling future pandemics. Several studies have proposed methods to capture the epidemic trend and forecast new daily confirmed cases. In this study, we propose the use of exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control charts integrated with time series models to monitor the number of daily new confirmed cases of COVID-19. The conventional EWMA control chart directly monitors the number of daily new confirmed cases. The proposed methods, however, monitor the residuals of time series models fitted to these data. In this study, two time series models—the auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and the vector auto-regressive moving average (VARMA) model—are considered. The results are compared with those of the conventional EWMA control chart using three datasets from India, Malaysia, and Thailand. The findings demonstrate that the proposed method can detect disease outbreak signals earlier than conventional control charts.
A Novel Time Delay Nonsingular Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control for Robot Manipulators with Input Saturation
Authors: Truong Thanh Nguyen , Vo Anh Tuan , Kang Hee-Jun
Published: December 2024

Manipulator systems are increasingly deployed across various industries to perform complex, repetitive, and hazardous tasks, necessitating high-precision control for optimal performance. However, the design of effective control algorithms is challenged by nonlinearities, uncertain dynamics, disturbances, and varying real-world conditions. To address these issues, this paper proposes an advanced orbit-tracking control approach for manipulators, leveraging advancements in Time-Delay Estimation (TDE) and Fixed-Time Sliding Mode Control techniques. The TDE approximates the robot’s unknown dynamics and uncertainties, while a novel nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode (NFTSM) surface and novel fixed-time reaching control law (FTRCL) are introduced to ensure faster convergence within a fixed time and improved accuracy without a singularity issue. Additionally, an innovative auxiliary system is designed to address input saturation effects, ensuring that system states converge to zero within a fixed time even when saturation occurs. The Lyapunov-based theory is employed to prove the fixed-time convergence of the overall system. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is validated through simulations on a 3-DOF SAMSUNG FARA AT2 robot manipulator. Comparative analyses against NTSMC, NFTSMC, and GNTSMC methods demonstrate superior performance, characterized by faster convergence, reduced chattering, higher tracking accuracy, and a model-free design. These results underscore the potential of the proposed control strategy to significantly enhance the robustness, precision, and applicability of robotic systems in industrial environments.
Optimization of Analog Circuit Parameters Using Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Coupled with an Enhanced Whale Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Yang Hengfei , Yang Shiyuan , Meng Debiao , Hu Chenghao , Wu Chaosheng , Yang Bo , Nie Peng , Si Yuan , Su Xiaoyan
Published: December 2024

The development of surrogate models based on limited data is crucial in enhancing the speed of structural analysis and design optimization. Surrogate models are highly effective in alleviating the challenges between design variables and performance evaluation. Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) is an advanced recurrent neural network that exhibits significant advantages in processing sequential data. However, the training of BiLSTM involves the adjustment of multiple hyperparameters (such as the number of layers, the number of hidden units, and the learning rate), which complicates the training process of the model. To enhance the efficiency and accuracy of neural network model development, this study proposes an Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm-assisted BiLSTM establishment strategy (IWOA-BiLSTM). The new algorithm enhances the initial population design and population position update process of the original Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), thereby improving both the global search capability and local exploitation ability of the algorithm. The IWOA is employed during the training process of BiLSTM to search for optimal hyperparameters, which reduces model training time and enhances the robustness and accuracy of the model. Finally, the effectiveness of the model is tested through a parameter optimization problem of a specific analog circuit. Experimental results indicate that, compared to traditional neural network models, IWOA-BiLSTM demonstrates higher accuracy and effectiveness in the optimal parameter design of analog circuit engineering problems.
Fuzzy Fault Tree Maintenance Decision Analysis for Aviation Fuel Pumps Based on Nutcracker Optimization Algorithm–Graph Neural Network Improvement
Authors: He Weidong , Yin Xiaojing , Shao Yubo , Chen Dianxin , Mi Jianglong , Jiao Yang
Published: December 2024

As a critical component of the engine, the failure of aviation fuel pumps can lead to serious safety accidents, necessitating the development of effective maintenance programs. Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) has a clear structure and strong interpretability in maintenance decision making. However, it heavily relies on expert knowledge, which is subject to uncertainty and incoherence. Therefore, this paper proposes the NOA (Nutcracker Optimization Algorithm)–GNN (Graph Neural Network) model to enhance the accuracy and robustness of FTA by mitigating the uncertainty and inconsistency in expert knowledge. The NOA algorithm efficiently searches the solution space to identify globally optimal solutions. An FTA-TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) maintenance decision-making framework has also been developed. By integrating FTA with TOPSIS, the proposed method provides a comprehensive and systematic approach that combines qualitative and quantitative analyses, thereby improving the effectiveness and reliability of maintenance decision making.
Adaptive Asymptotic Shape Synchronization of a Chaotic System with Applications for Image Encryption
Authors: Luo Yangxin , Huang Yuanyuan , Yu Fei , Liang Diqing , Lin Hairong
Published: December 2024

In contrast to previous research that has primarily focused on distance synchronization of states in chaotic systems, shape synchronization emphasizes the geometric shape of the attractors of two chaotic systems. Diverging from the existing work on shape synchronization, this paper introduces the application of adaptive control methods to achieve asymptotic shape synchronization for the first time. By designing an adaptive controller using the proposed adaptive rule, the response system under control is able to attain asymptotic synchronization with the drive system. This method is capable of achieving synchronization for models with parameters requiring estimation in both the drive and response systems. The control approach remains effective even in the presence of uncertainties in model parameters. The paper presents relevant theorems and proofs, and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of adaptive asymptotic shape synchronization. Due to the pseudo-random nature of chaotic systems and their extreme sensitivity to initial conditions, which make them suitable for information encryption, a novel channel-integrated image encryption scheme is proposed. This scheme leverages the shape synchronization method to generate pseudo-random sequences, which are then used for shuffling, scrambling, and diffusion processes. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the proposed encryption algorithm achieves exceptional performance in terms of correlation metrics and entropy, with a competitive value of 7.9971. Robustness is further validated through key space analysis, yielding a value of 10210×2512, as well as visual tests, including center and edge cropping. The results confirm the effectiveness of adaptive asymptotic shape synchronization in the context of image encryption.
A Formal Approach to Optimally Configure a Fully Connected Multilayer Hybrid Neural Network
Authors: Chakraborty Goutam , Azhmyakov Vadim , Guzman Trujillo Luz Adriana
Published: December 2024

This paper is devoted to a novel formal analysis, optimizing the learning models for feedforward multilayer neural networks with hybrid structures. The proposed mathematical description replicates a specific switched-type optimal control problem (OCP). We have developed an equivalent, optimal control-based formulation of the given problem of training a hybrid feedforward multilayer neural network, to train the target mapping function constrained by the training samples. This novel formal approach makes it possible to apply some well-established optimal control techniques to design a versatile type of full connection neural networks. We next discuss the irrelevance of the necessity of Pontryagin-type optimality conditions for the construction of the obtained switched-type OCP. This fact motivated us to consider the so-called direct-solution approaches to the switched OCPs, which can be associated with the learning of hybrid neural networks. Concretely, we consider the generalized reduced-gradient algorithm in the framework of the auxiliary switched OCP.
Remaining Useful Life Prediction of Turbofan Engine in Varied Operational Conditions Considering Change Point: A Novel Deep Learning Approach with Optimum Features
Authors: Rath Subrata , Saha Deepjyoti , Chatterjee Subhashis , Chakraborty Ashis Kumar
Published: December 2024

In the era of Internet of Things (IoT), remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of turbofan engines is crucial. Various deep learning (DL) techniques proposed recently to predict RUL for such systems have remained silent on the effect of environmental changes on machine reliability. This paper aims (i) to identify the change point in RUL trends and patterns (ii) to select the most relevant features, and (iii) to predict RUL with the selected features and identified change points. A two-stage feature-selection algorithm was developed, followed by a change point identification mechanism, and finally, a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) model was designed to predict RUL. The study utilizes NASA’s C-MAPSS data set to check the performance of the proposed methodology. The findings affirm that the proposed method enhances the stability of DL models, resulting in a 27.8% improvement in RUL prediction compared to popular and cutting-edge DL models.
Taxonomic Identification and Nutritional Analysis of Pterocladiella capillacea in Zhanjiang
Authors: Lv Zhengwen , Cai Hongyan , Li Nenghui , Li Hang , Zeng Jun , Wu Kefeng , Deng Luming , Tan Huaqiang , Ye Hua
Published: December 2024

To evaluate the nutritional value and development potential of Pterocladiella capillacea in the marine environment of Naozhou Island, Zhanjiang, this study conducted species classification and identification, followed by an analysis of key nutritional components. The combination of morphological and molecular results confirmed the identification of the collected samples as P. capillacea. Further analysis showed that P. capillacea in Zhanjiang had a moisture content of 74.9% and a protein content of 24%. In comparison, the fat (0.4%) and carbohydrate (15.4%) contents were relatively low, with moderate ash (14.3%) and crude fiber (9.1%) content. It contains a diverse range of fatty acids, with saturated fatty acids accounting for 51.82% and unsaturated fatty acids accounting for 48.18% of the total. The amino acid composition was also diverse, with essential amino acids comprising 31.58% and flavor-enhancing amino acids constituting 54.85%. The minerals contained four major elements and four trace elements, while heavy metal levels were within safety limits, ensuring their edibility. In conclusion, P. capillacea is a high-protein, low-fat economic seaweed with a favorable amino acid and fatty acid composition, rich in minerals, and with significant nutritional and developmental potential. This study provides important data to support future research and utilization of this seaweed.
Safety and Potential Complications of Facial Wrinkle Correction with Dermal Fillers: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Janovskiene Audra , Chomicius Deividas , Afanasjevas Dominykas , Petronis Zygimantas , Razukevicius Dainius , Jagelaviciene Egle
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: The history of facial fillers is very broad, ranging from the use of various materials to modern technologies. Although procedures are considered safe, complications such as skin inflammation, infection, necrosis, or swelling may occur. It is crucial for specialists to be adequately prepared, inform patients how to prepare for corrective procedures, adhere to high safety standards, and continually educate. The goal of this systematic review is to identify complications arising during facial wrinkle correction procedures, as well as to explore safety and potential prevention strategies. Materials and methods: The review of the scientific literature followed the PRISMA guidelines. The search was performed in a single scientific database: PubMed. Considering predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, articles evaluating the safety of dermal fillers used for facial wrinkle correction, complications, and treatment outcomes were selected. The chosen articles were published from 15 February 2019 to 15 February 2024 (last search date: 25 February 2024). The selected articles compared the complications, product safety, and result longevity of various dermal fillers used for facial wrinkle correction. Results: In thirty-eight articles, which involved 3967 participants, a total of 8795 complications were reported. The majority of complications occurred after injections into the chin and surrounding area (n = 2852). Others were reported in lips and the surrounding area (n = 1911) and cheeks and the surrounding area (n = 1077). Out of the 8795 complications, 1076 were adverse events (AE), including two severe AE cases: mild skin necrosis (n = 1) and abscess (n = 1). There were no cases of vascular occlusion, visual impairment, or deaths related to the performed procedures. A total of 7719 injection site reactions were classified as mild or temporary, such as swelling (n = 1184), sensitivity (n = 1145), pain (n = 1064), bleeding (n = 969), hardening/stiffness (n = 888), nodules/irregularities (n = 849), and erythema (redness) (n = 785). Conclusions: Facial wrinkle correction procedures are generally safe and effective and the results can last from 6 to 24 months, depending on the dermal filler material and its components used. The most common complications after dermal filler injection usually resolve spontaneously, but if they persist, various pharmacological treatment methods can be used according to the condition, and surgical intervention is generally not required.
Life Satisfaction Among Individuals with Physical Disabilities in Saudi Arabia: The Impact of Physical Activity, Self-Perceived Health and Fitness, and Sociodemographic Features
Authors: Alhumaid Majed M. , Said Mohamed A. , Khoo Selina
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: Life satisfaction (LS) is a key aspect of mental well-being, particularly for individuals with physical disabilities (IWPDs).This study examined LS levels among IWPDs in Saudi Arabia, focusing on the effects of three independent variables: (i) sociodemographic factors, (ii) self-reported health and fitness, and (iii) self-assessed physical activity (PA). Materials and Methods: Data was collected from 271 participants using validated questionnaires. Two models analyzed the effects of the independent variables on LS: the first model included the overall level of PA, while the second examined its individual components. Results: The results indicated that females reported a higher LS than males (p = 0.011). Participants with a university degree demonstrated a significantly greater LS compared to those who did not disclose their educational status (Exp(β) = 1.104). Poor health and inactivity were linked to a lower LS, while age correlated positively with LS (odds ratio = 1.012). Additional factors, including marital status, income, education level, and mobility assistance usage, significantly impacted LS. Interestingly, PA exhibited no direct statistical effect on LS. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of equitable access to education, regular PA, support for married couples, and preventive healthcare. Special attention to young people, particularly boys, is recommended to improve LS outcomes among IWPDs in Saudi Arabia.
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Among Rural Adolescent Schoolgirls: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Salih Yasir , Almutairi Ghaday S. , Alhumaidi Norah H. , Alhabardi Nadiah , Adam Ishag
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) define abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) as “bleeding from the uterus that is abnormal in regularity, volume, frequency, or duration and occurs in the absence of pregnancy”. The impact of AUB on the physical and psychosocial well-being of adolescent girls can be significant. In this study, we aim to investigate the menstrual cycle characteristics in adolescent Sudanese schoolgirls and the prevalence of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and its associated factors. Materials and Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Almatamah locality, Sudan. A questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data and menstrual cycle parameters. Weight and height were measured, body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and hemoglobin levels were determined. Logistic regression was also performed. Results: Of the 162 girls in the study, 27.2% had frequent cycles, 3.7% had infrequent cycles, 2.5% had prolonged menses duration, 44.4% had irregular cycles, and 21.0% had heavy menstrual bleeding. The overall prevalence of AUB in the study was 64.8%. None of the investigated factors (chronological age, maternal education or occupation, gynecological age, BMI, and hemoglobin level) were associated with AUB. Conclusions: In conclusion, the prevalence of AUB was high among the study participants, with irregular cycles, frequent cycles, and heavy menstrual bleeding being the most common types.
Retinopathy in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
Authors: Orfanidou Myrsini , Polyzos Stergios A.
Published: December 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a multisystemic disease, i.e., influencing various organ systems beyond the liver and, thus, contributing to comorbidities. Characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the hepatocytes, MASLD is frequently linked to metabolic syndrome components, such as obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Therefore, exploring the intricate connection between MASLD and other organ systems, including the eyes, seems to be essential. In this context, retinopathy has been investigated for its potential association with MASLD, since both conditions share common pathogenetic pathways. Chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction are only some of those mechanisms contributing to disease progression and, possibly, determining the bidirectional interplay between the liver and retinal pathology. This narrative review aims to summarize data concerning the multisystemicity of MASLD, primarily focusing on its potential association with the eyes and, particularly, retinopathy. Identifying this possible association may emphasize the need for early screening and integrated management approaches that address the liver and eyes as interconnected components within the framework of a systemic disease. Further research is necessary to delineate the precise mechanisms and develop targeted interventions to mitigate the bidirectional impact between the liver and eyes, aiming to reduce the overall burden of disease and improve patient outcomes.
Evaluation of Sacroiliac Joint Shape in Women with Ankylosing Spondylitis According to Mode of Birth Delivery: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Rahimli Ocakoglu Sakine , Vatansever Alper , Atak Zeliha , Yanardag Nurefsan , Coskun Belkis Nihan , Akselim Sinem , Ocakoglu Gokhan
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic progressive inflammatory process of the axial skeleton and sacroiliac joints (SIJ). Symptoms typically appear between the ages of 20 and 40, although there are also cases of juvenile-onset AS. This suggests that most patients with AS are of reproductive age at the time of diagnosis. The study aimed to identify differences in the shape of the sacroiliac joint depending on the type of birth (vaginal delivery (V/D) and the cesarean section(C/S) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Materials and Methods: On pelvis X-ray images of women n = 36 with AS and n = 34 in the control group, 12 landmarks were marked, and differences in SIJ shape between the study groups were assessed using generalized Procrustes Analysis. Results: The results showed that the anterior point of the SIJ had an enlarged shape in the V/D group compared with the C/S group, even in the control group. There was a difference between the mean right and left SIJ shapes of the AS group patients with V/D and the controls with C/S (p = 0.007 and p < 0.001). The superior part of the right SIJ tended to be enlarged in V/D-delivered AS patients, compared to the C/S control group. On the left side, the middle region of the SIJ was statistically enlarged in AS patients with V/D compared to the healthy C/S group. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that vaginal delivery is associated with increased sacroiliac joint (SIJ) enlargement in both healthy individuals and those with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Our findings suggest that delivery type independently influences SIJ morphology, and cesarean section (C/S) may serve as a protective procedure for preserving SIJ shape in AS patients. These results underline the importance of individualized obstetric planning for AS patients to mitigate potential risks to SIJ morphology.
Improving Outcomes with Sequential Fixation Using Long-Threaded Screws for Valgus-Impacted Femoral Neck Fractures
Authors: Koh Jeong-Hyun , Sakong Seungyeob , Cho Won-Tae , Lim Sumin , Song Hyung Keun
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: Valgus-impacted femoral neck fractures (OTA 31B1.1 and 31B1.2) are considered stable fractures with favorable outcomes compared to displaced fractures. However, complications such as femoral neck shortening, screw sliding, and suboptimal recovery can occur, particularly in severe deformities. This study evaluated the outcomes of a sequential fixation technique using short-threaded screws followed by long-threaded screws. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 135 patients aged 60 years or older with valgus-impacted femoral neck fractures (OTA 31B1.1 and 31B1.2) treated between March 2017 and February 2021. Patients were divided into two groups: those treated solely with short-threaded screws (the control group) and those treated using a sequential fixation technique involving initial compression with short-threaded screws followed by stabilization with long-threaded screws. Exclusion criteria included follow-up < 12 months, pathological fractures, high-energy trauma, or periprosthetic fractures. Clinical outcomes, including the Harris Hip Score (HHS), and radiological parameters, such as screw sliding distance (SDS) and fixation failure, were analyzed. Multivariate regression identified predictors of outcomes to assess the effectiveness of the sequential fixation technique. Results: The mean follow-up was 38.3 months. Multivariate regression revealed that posterior tilt > 15° (β = 2.944, p < 0.001) and the use of long-threaded screws (β = −1.906, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of reduced SDS. Posterior tilt > 15° (OR 15.085, p = 0.002), valgus tilt > 15° (OR 28.616, p = 0.002), and bone mineral density (OR 0.285, p = 0.005) were predictors of fixation failure, while long-threaded screws significantly reduced fixation failure risk (OR 0.062, p = 0.005). Conclusions: The sequential use of short-threaded screws for compression, followed by long-threaded screws for stabilization, effectively reduced screw sliding and fixation failure while improving functional and radiological outcomes. This technique shows promise as an effective treatment for valgus-impacted femoral neck fractures.
Long-Term Outcome Following Concomitant Surgical Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation at University Hospital Basel: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Hersperger Elodie , Schaerli Nicolas , Gahl Brigitta , Reuthebuch Oliver , Eckstein Friedrich S. , Winkler Bernhard , Grapow Martin T. R.
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: This study aims to examine the success of concomitant surgical ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation after one, three, and five years. Additionally, important predictors for rhythm outcome and rates of permanent pacemaker implantations were analyzed. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, we included patients who were referred to the University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland, between 2011 and 2017. Primary outcome was one-year success of surgical ablation. Secondary outcomes include heart rhythm during entire follow-up, three- and five-years success, and need for additional arrhythmia interventions (incl. pacemaker implantation). Results: A total of 120 patients were analyzed and divided into two groups: pulmonary vein isolation (n = 55) and left atrial (n = 65). The median follow-up time was 4.4 years. Sinus rhythm was present in 66%, 64%, and 67% after one, three, and five years, respectively. When adjusted for preoperative type of atrial fibrillation, left atrial lesion set increased the chance of achieving sinus rhythm within 5 years by factor 6.5. The pacemaker-implantation rate was 22%, with significantly more pacemaker implantations in the left atrial group (9% vs. 32%, p = 0.0043). Conclusions: These real-world data demonstrate the high success rate of concomitant surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation. Our study highlights the importance of preoperative discussion in an interdisciplinary heart team to weigh the effectiveness of surgical ablation against the risk of a pacemaker implantation.
Who Are Suitable Patients for Omitting Breast Surgery as an Exceptional Responder in Selected Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer After Neoadjuvant Systemic Treatment?
Authors: Sen Ebru , Nazlı Mehmet Ali , Maralcan Göktürk , Ulusoy Bekir Sıtkı Said , Demircioğlu Mahmut Kaan , Söylemez Akkurt Tuce , Sökücü Mehmet , Erdem Gökmen Umut , Yıldırım Mustafa
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: Among breast cancer molecular types, HER2 positive and triple negative (TN) subtypes have the highest likelihood of pathological complete response (pCR), which is a surrogate marker for reduced recurrence and improved patient survival after neoadjuvant systemic treatment (NST). Preoperative pathological identification of these exceptional responders is a new era. Therefore, we aimed to determine the accuracy of trucut biopsy in identifying the exceptional responders in selected molecular subtypes of breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: This two-centre, observational, single-arm, prospective, pilot study was conducted between January and September 2024. The patients with TN or HER2 positive breast cancer whose breast tumour had completely disappeared on the radiological assessment including MRI after neoadjuvant therapy were enrolled. To assess neoadjuvant treatment response, a standardised biopsy protocol was used, consisting of 10 samples from the marked tumour area per patient by 12 G core needle. Then, all patients underwent surgery. The pathological results of both postchemo-presurgical biopsy and surgical breast specimen were compared. Results: The study included 20 patients. The mean age of the patients was 47.3 years. The median tumour size at diagnosis was 23.1 mm. All biopsy results were concordant with the findings of surgical specimen. Seventeen patients had a complete response. The remaining 3 patients had residual disease. Conclusions: Along with thorough patient selection, post-chemo radiological assessment and the reliable biopsy technique are the key points in accurately predicting response to neoadjuvant treatment. If an image-guided core biopsy confirms elimination of tumour tissue at the marked tumour area with a radiological complete response on MRI after NST in breast cancer patients with selected molecular subtypes, these may be suitable patients as exceptional responders in whom we can omit breast surgery.