bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPETING CONCEPTIONS OF GLOBALIZATION
Authors: Sklair Leslie
Published: September 2015

Globalization is a relatively new idea in the social sciences, although people who work in and write about the mass media, transnational corporations and international business have been using it for some time. The purpose of this paper is to critically review the ways in which sociologists and other social scientists use ideas of globalization and to evaluate the fruitfulness of these competing conceptions. The central feature of the idea of globalization is that many contemporary problems cannot be adequately studied at the level of nation-states, that is, in terms of each country and its inter-national relations. Instead, they need to be conceptualized in terms of global processes. Some have even gone so far as to predict that global forces, by which they usually mean transnational corporations and other global economic institutions, global culture or globalizing belief systems/ideologies of various types, or a combination of all of these, are becoming so powerful that the continuing existence of the nation-state is in serious doubt. This is not a necessary consequence of most theories of globalization. The argument of this paper is that much of the globalization literature is confused because not all those who use the term distinguish it clearly enough from internation-alization, and some writers appear to use the two terms interchangeably. I argue that a clear distinction must be drawn between the inter-national and the global. The hyphen in inter-national is to distinguish (inadequate) conceptions of the global' founded on the existing even if changing system of nation-states, from (genuine) conceptions of the global based on the emergence of global processes and a global system of social relations not founded on national characteristics or nation-states. This global system theory is the framework for my own research. Globalization studies can be categorized on the basis of four research clusters:1. The world-systems approach; 2. The global culture approach; 3. The global society approach; 4. The global capitalism approach;The body of the paper is an exposition and critique of these approaches. The paper argues that the global capitalism approach is most productive for theory and research in globalization and concludes with a brief discussion of resistances to globalization.
Fifty Years of Indonesian Development: "One Nation," Under Capitalism ...
Authors: McCormack Brian
Published: September 2015

In Indonesia much uncertainty remains in the wake of the dramatic changes that unfolded in the latter half of the l990's. By the end of the 20th century, the Indonesian economy was in ruins. The concept of democracy remained contested. The transportation and communication system that once at least minimally linked the diverse and at times disparate areas and peoples of the Indonesian archipelago into an Andersonian imagined national community collapsed, making more likely movements for regional autonomy, in turn, making the status of an Indonesian nation itself uncertain. One thing that is certain, however, is that Socharto, the "Father of Development," is history. As political and economic policy makers in Indonesia, the United States, and around the world, and more importantly, Indonesia's men, women, and children pick up the pieces, it is our responsibility to look back and consider the past fifty years.
Evolution, Complex Systems and the Dialectic
Authors: Knapp Peter
Published: September 2015

The status of large scale historical macro-theories is contested both in world-systems theory and in sociology as a whole. I distinguish three types of such dynamic models: evolutionary models, systems models and dialectical models. I define dialectical models as a family of complex systems models characterized by positive feedback (self-reinforcement or auto-catalysis). Such models lead to processes of accumulation and polarization, leading to system crisis. The games of Monopoly and Risk provide popular examples. This paper investigates the dynamic properties of three examples of such models: Myrdal's model of cumulative causation; Collins's models of Marxian transformations and geopolitics; and Chaso-Dunn and Hall's iterative model of world-systems transformations. A combination of evolutionary, complex systems and dialectical analyses has consideralble overlap with chaotic, far-from-equilibrium types of models and with analyses of complex adaptive systems. Such discontinuous, nonlinear dynamic models show great potential for solving problems of dynamic analysis both within world-systems theory and within sociology as a whole.
Peoples SpaceTimes in Global Processes: The Response of the Local
Authors: Fals Borda Orlando
Published: September 2015

The great American sociologist C. Wright Mills noted in 1959 that in our time the problems of Western societies are almost inevitably universal problems (Mills 1959:164-180). He already spoke of postmodernity and pointed his ?nger to one of the foremost characteristics of contemporary globalisation: the tension between Reason and Liberty. According to Mills, this tension caused malaise and a certain indifference that led to the formation of a happy robot in contrast to the Enlightenment model of a creative human being.
The Structures of Knowledge and the Future of the Social Sciences: Two Postulates, Two Propositions and a Closing Remark
Authors: Lee Richard E.
Published: September 2015

From the beginning of the long sixteenth century, the practices of knowledge production took the form of a complex of processes which produced over time an intellectual and institutional hierarchy within which authoritative knowledge was progressively defined as the other of societal/ moral values. These processes of knowledge formation, in articulation with those sets of processes associated with the economic and political spheres, account for the dominant relational setting disciplining human cognition, and thus the cultural parameters of action. This long-term pattern of the modern world-system we shall call the structures of knowledge.
Histoire et intégration des communautés: le cas du Burkina-Faso
Authors: Coquery-Vidrovitch Catherine
Published: September 2015

On est aujourdhui en passe, grâce aux efforts de générations dhistoriens, au Burkina comme ailleurs en Afrique, de dresser un tableau déjà à fort complet, même sil y a encore beaucoup à faire, de lhistoire ancienne des groupes, des communautés. On a bien avancé les connaissances sur lhistoire ancienne, sur lhistoire des traumatismes et des métissages de toute nature de lépoque coloniale, et aujourdhui sur lhistoire des temps de lindépendance: histoire rurale, histoire des villes, histoire des échanges fondamentaux et des ? ux et re? ux entre ville et campagne, histoire des migrations, histoire économique et politique, histoire des femmes aussi, etc. (cf. bibliographie indicative), même si beaucoup de ces travaux nont pas été publiés. Le Burkina-Faso, en dé? nitive, est un des pays de lAfrique francophone où la connaissance et la ré? exion historiques ont le plus progressé. Nous en sommes aujourdhui à la troisième génération dhistoriens, puisque le Burki-nabe Joseph Ki-Zerbo fut le premier historien africain francophone à avoir proposé, à lépoque, et en dépit du faible nombre de travaux pré-existants, une magistrale histoire générale de lAfrique qui fait encore autorité.
The Rise and Fall of The World of Economy: Eastern Europe in 9th12th Centuries
Authors: Samsonowicz Henryk
Published: September 2015

The concept of Immanuel Wallerstein's refers to the world before the times of European hegemony. It was not a homogeneous economy. Regardless the scale and forms of activity, there existed separate, greater regions that were basically self-suf?cient. Apart from them there were areas where only local ties, based on the natural economy, functioned. Taking into account the above premises, Janet Abu-Lughod discussed the eight macro-regions which existed in Europe, Asia and Northern Africa in the 13th14th century. They were mutually linked by communication routes and by the activities of the major economic centres, i.e. towns. Among these regions, the author listed the European region, extending along the axis connecting England with Italy, the Mediterranean region (from Spain to Crimea), the Mongolian region (from Bejing to Kiev) and the Egyptian region (ranging from East Africa to the Indian coast at Calicut). Different countries partially belonged to spheres which were well constituted internally by world economic entities preceeding the rise of a world system.
The Hard-Earned Integration of the East in the World Economic System
Authors: Brucan Silviu
Published: September 2015

World socialism was a subsystem of the world-system and as such could not run deeper than the system of which it was a part. Had Lenin realized the workings of the world economic system, he would have concluded that Russia had no chance whatsoever to build an antisystemic economy in the midst of an overpowering world capitalist system. In his earlier writings, Lenin had a glimpse of that reality, hoping that another socialist revolution would break out in Germany, bailing out the Russian one. Instead, as his dream failed to materialize he began a desperate enter-prise: socialism in one country.
Havens and Cages: Reinventing States and Households in the Modern World-System
Authors: Taylor Peter J.
Published: September 2015

In the work of Immanuel Wallerstein the concepts of modern world-system and capitalist world-economy are used interchangeably; they are alternative names for the historical system we are currently living in. In the substance of his work, however, Wallerstein has been more concerned with capitalism than modernity. At one level this is unimportant because, if they are indeed two sides of the same coin, understanding one must enhance inevitably our knowledge of the other. But, of course, it is never as simple asthat. When we choose to think of our contemporary world as either capitalist or modern, we take on board a different social theoretical baggage. It was this train of thought which led me to ask whats modern about the modern world-system? (Taylor, 1996a) and this essay is part of a continuing project (Taylor, 1996b; 1999) to link Wallersteins (1984: chapter 3) institutional vortex to Marshall Bermans (1982: Introduction) modern maelstrom.
Paradigm Regained? The Rules Of Wallersteins World-System Method
Authors: Goldfrank Walter L.
Published: September 2015

The last third of the twentieth century was ushered in by a set ofeventswars, rebellions, ?nally economic crisisthat dealt a crushing blow to the previously dominant paradigm in U.S. social science, the structural-functionalist modernizationism elaborated by Talcott Parsons and his students. Within sociology, the site of much social science innovation in the post-war period, a notable splintering occurred. Already under-way in the early nineteen-sixties, this splintering was accelerated by the tumultuous events later in that decade. One of the splinters which has grown and developed most rapidly and fruitfully over the past decade has been the world-systems perspective, a formidable synthesis of continental historicism, Third World radicalism, and Marxism. The principal exponent of this perspective has been Immanuel Wallerstein (b. 1930). whose work has built upon and in turn has stimulated advances in both historical sociology and the study of contemporary development.
Wallerstein: LAfrique et le monde: une vision provocante au carrefour de lhistoire et de la sociologie
Authors: Verhaegen B.
Published: September 2015

Loeuvre de Immanuel Wallerstein sest construite depuis quarante ans autour de deux axes principaux: dune part une recherche épistémologi-que et une mise en cause des sciences sociales issues du XIX siècle; Impenser la science sociale publié en 1991 est une étape importante dans la progression de cette recherche; dautre part des travaux de sociologie historique fondés sur des recherches empiriques. Commencées en 1959 en Afrique, celles-ci se sont élargies à lEurope et au développement du capitalisme devenu Econo-mie-monde.
Caste in Itself, Caste and Class, or Caste in Class
Authors: Mukherjee Ramkrishna
Published: September 2015

After the British conquered Bengal and eventually the whole of India,they set out to administer the colony. In this context they encountered two phenomena with which they were not familiar: (1) the relation of people to land for production (and not for revenue receiving, household living, etc.), and (2) the caste system of India, viz. the jati strati?cation of society.
Global Incorporation and Cultural Survival: The Surinamese Maroons at the Margins of the World-System
Authors: St.-Hilaire Aonghas
Published: September 2015

The Maroons of Suriname enter the twenty-? rst century as the only surviving, culturally and politically autonomous Maroon communities in the Americas. The paper adopts a world-systems approach to explain the evolution of the Surinamese Maroon nations vis-à-vis the ever expanding Surinamese state and global political economy, with particular attention paid to the cultural survival of the Maroon nations. Prior to emancipation, limited colonial integration and mutual fear between the Maroons and Surinamese coastal society facilitated the development of the Maroon communities as relatively independent nations. Despite the best efforts of colonial authorities after emancipation, the weak economy and infrastructure of the Surinamese colony as well as continued mutual fear and distrust enabled the Maroons to guard their autonomy. However, after the Second World War, a period of global economic expansion, the rapid development of the Suriname as an integrated political, economic and cultural unit, and the depletion of and strain on natural resources in traditional Maroon territory dealt serious blows to Maroon autonomy. Maroon cultural survival depends on the ability of the Maroon nations to navigate the rapid changes currently affecting Maroon society, guarding political autonomy and cultivating the most treasured aspects of their cultural heritage, while participating, albeit peripherally, in modern global capitalism.
Divergent Paths of Development: The Modern World-System and Democratization in South Africa and Zambia
Authors: Andreasson Stefan
Published: September 2015

The 1990s constitute a watershed decade for change in postcolonial Africa as one-party states have crumbled and old authoritarian leaders have stepped down or been removed. The ?rst few years of the 1990s saw about half of the countries in sub-Saharan Africa either install, or prepare for, multiparty rule (Widner 1994:1; van de Walle 1999a:21). Of course, not all change has been positive and it is not clear whether the current democratic wave can be sustained as the latter part of the decade has brought both severe setbacks and continued success (Bratton and van de Walle 1997:3; Diamond 1999:269270; Baker 2000: 9). Considering the precarious nature of African democratization, it is necessary to further investigate its future prospects.
Radical Rhetoric and the Working Class During Zimbabwean Nationalisms Dying Days
Authors: Bond Patrick
Published: September 2015

Introduction: african nationalism in decline.Startling arguments have been made by radical scholars that the nation-state is no longer an appropriate site for contestation of formal power, on behalf of social progress, by the multitudes.2 Perhaps most extreme is the stance of Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri (2000: 305), in Empire.
Two Steps Forward and One Step Back: Conflict and Contradiction in Post-War Guatemala
Authors: Marsh Kristin
Published: September 2015

What are the real prospects for lasting peace and greater prosperity in post-war Guatemala? This is the central question underlying Susanne Jonass Of Centaurs and Doves and Christopher Chase-Dunn, Susanne Jonas, and Nelson Amaros Globalization on the Ground. As events continue to unfold for Guatemalans, these scholars tackle the very current issues of democratization, development, justice, and peace in post-war Guatemalan society. The cruel irony is that the very urgency with which these issues must be addressed belies any concrete prediction or even re?ned characterization of the existing situation.
Review of "Globalization and Culture," by John Tomlinson
Authors: Bergesen Albert
Published: September 2015

See text.
Information, Finance, and the New International Inequality: The Case of Coffee
Authors: Talbot John
Published: September 2015

This paper argues that a new international inequality has been superimposed over the old international inequality, and that this superimposition can help to explain the increasing degree of inequality in the world economy today. The old international inequality was based on the colonial division of labor, in which the periphery provided raw materials to core-based industries. The new inequality is based on control over ?ows of information and ?nancial capital by core-based transnational corporations (TNCs). This argument is illustrated using the empirical example of the world coffee market, comparing the responses of market participants to twosevere frosts in Brazil, which significantly disrupted the market. Following the first frost, in 1975 under the old international inequality, TNCs responded gradually amidst uncertainty over the frosts impacts, allowing coffee-producing countries to reap windfall profits during an extended period of high prices. TNCs responded immediately to the second frost in 1994, due to their access to information about the severity of the frost and their control over financial instruments used to set the world market price of coffee. This quick response enabled them to capture most of the excess profits resulting from a much shorter period of high prices.
Lateral Pressure and Deforestation A Review Essay of Environmental Impacts of Globalization and Trade: A Systems Study by Corey L Lofdahl
Authors: Jorgenson Andrew K.
Published: September 2015

What are the effects of increased stuctural integration of international trade on the environment of relatively poorer countries, particularly in the southern hemisphere? This is the key question addressed by Corey Lofdahl in his book Environmental Impacts of Globalization and Trade:A Systems Study. Given the theme for this special issue of the Journal of World-Systems Research, a discussion and evaluation of this book seems rather timely and relevant. An immediate fact of interest is that Lofdahl is not an environmental sociologist, let alone acquainted with relevant empirical works grounded in a world-systems perspective. Rather, he is trained as a political scientist, and works in the simulation and information technology sector.
Review of "Thomas Kuhn and the Science Wars," by Ziauddin Sardar,
Authors: Denemark Robert A.
Published: September 2015

see text
Review of "Globalization and Human Rights," by Alison Brysk, ed.
Authors: Boussios Emanuel Gregory
Published: September 2015

review
A Critical Appraisal of Peter Gowans Contemporary Intra-Core Relations and World-Systems Theory: A Capitalist World-Empire or U.S.-East Asian Geo-Economic Integration?
Authors: Gulick John
Published: September 2015

This paper evaluates Peter Gowans musings on the topic of a U.S.-centered capitalist world-empire. Gowans heterodox concept of a capitalist world-empire is intellectually defensible. And his claim that U.S. hegemony is historically unique, because unlike previous dominant powers the U.S. has been able to distinctly mold the accumulation regimes and security environments of its would-be rivals in the core, is more than convincing. However, Gowan tends to overstate the degree to which the U.S. in the 1990s enjoyed a productive sector revival, rather than a mere super-inflation of dollar-denominated assets. This tendency prevents him from anticipating just how summarily the U.S. would ditch consensual approaches to managing the capitalistworld-economy once the Wall Street bubble collapsed, and hence from appreciating just how fed up Western European and East Asian elites would become with the predatory character of U.S. hegemony in decay. In conclusion the paper argues that while the U.S. may have neither the resources nor the credibility to politically control the global division of labor, something akin to a U.S.-East Asian geo-economic bloc may be in the process of forming. This is so because the Chinese and Japanese economic growth models remain wedded to the underwriting of the U.S. seigniorage privileges', and because past and present frictions between China and Japan stand in the way of tighter Sino-Japanese political coordination.
The Party and the Multitude: Brazils Workers Party (PT) and the Challenges of Building a Just Social Order in a Globalizing Context*
Authors: Baiocchi Gianpaolo
Published: September 2015

What is the role of Brazils Workers Party (PT) in its sponsorship of the World Social Forum, and what is the signi?cance of this relationship to the struggles to build a more just social order? Some have criticized the pres-ence of the PT in the Forum, juxtaposing its partisan motives to the democratic impulses of the multitude. This article challenges this reading by tracing the development of the PT in the last decade, bringing to light the ways the partys development challenges traditional narratives about leftist parties. In particular, this article discusses the way that the successful resolution of the challenges of governance in local and regional levels through participatory solutions has progressively transformed the party towards a party of radical democracy that values non-instrumental relationships to social movements and unorganized sectors of civil society. This radically democratic stance is represented in the way that the PT spon-sors, but does not control or seek to control, the WSF or its proceedings. Re-imagining the relationship between social movements and political parties is an urgent task in the struggle for global social justice and the PT serves as a useful model. Abandoning this relationship as implicitly suggested by advocates of the multitude would be to the detriment of the struggle for global justice.
Framing Collective Action Against Neoliberalism: The Case of the Anti-Globalization Movement
Authors: Ayres Jeffrey M.
Published: September 2015

The rise of the protest movement against neoliberal globalization represents one of the most signi?cant illustrations of social con?ict and contentious political behavior of the past several decades. This paper contends that central to the movements rise and evolution has been the active mobilization of meanings or interpretations critical of neoliberal policies and institutions. In e?ect, the so-called anti-globalization movement has bene?ted particularly from a transnationally-shared diagnosis, which implicates neoliberalism for a host of global social ills. However, civil society activists, especially after the Seattle World Trade Organization protests in 1999, have had a dif?cult time generating agreed upon strategic responses to neoliberal policies. In particular, the political environment for frame dissemination has become a much more contested one in the aftermath of the September 11 terrorist attacks on the United States, as regional and tactical di?erences within the protest move-ment have become much more apparent. The di?cult experiences of civil society groups committed to sustaining protest against neo-liberal globalization are not unusual, but consistent with the history of other protest movements. These movements similarly matured and positioned themselves as genuine forces for substantial political and social change.
Breaking the Bank & Taking to the Streets: How Protesters Target Neoliberalism
Authors: Wood Lesley J.
Published: September 2015

This paper analyses a set of 467 local protests that took place against neoliberalism on 5 global days of action between 1998 and 2001 and ?nds that the targets of protest di?er on each continent. The majority target either the global institutions of neoliberalism, such as the IMF, World Bank, World Trade Organization or the Group of 8, or neglect to identify a single institutional target. However, the most popular local target in Africa and Asia is national or local government. In Latin America protests are most likely to target banks or stock exchanges, and in the US, Canada and Europe, corporations. The sources of such variation lie in pre-existing political repertoires, transnational organizational networks, and processes of structural equivalence that underlie di?usion patterns.
A Brief History of the Future of World Society
Authors: Herkenrath Mark , König Claudia , Scholtz Hanno
Published: September 2015

Earlier versions of the articles in this issue were presented and discussed atthe international symposium on The Future of World Society, held in June 2004 at the University of Zurich.¹ The theme of the symposium implied two assumptions. One, there is in fact a world society, though still very much in formation. And two, as social scientists we are in a position to predict the future of that society with at least some degree of certainty. The ?rst of these assumptions will be addressed in Alberto Martinellis timely contribution, From World System to World Society? It is the second assumption which is of interest to us in this introduction. Are the social sciences really able to predict the future of world society?
Structural Dynamics of International Trade and Material Consumption: A Cross-National Study of the Ecological Footprints of Less-Developed Countries
Authors: Jorgenson Andrew A. , Rice James
Published: September 2015

Many social scientists argue that more-developed countries externalize their environmental costs through the tapping of resources of less-developed countries, which reduces levels of consumption in the latter while increasing forms of environmental degradation within their borders. However, these assertions lack systematic empirical support. This study offers a new conceptualization of the structure of international trade that may help to partly resolve this issue: weighted export flows, which quantifies the relative extent to which exports are sent to higher-consuming, more-developed countries. Our hypothesis is that less-developed countries with higher levels of exports sent to more-developed countries exhibit lower domestic levels of resource consumption, measured as ecological footprints. In a series of regression models of per capita ecological footprints for less-developed countries in 2000, evidence is found supporting the hypothesis. The negative effect of weighted export flows on the per capita footprints of nations is robust, net of the often cited impacts of capital intensity, urbanization, domestic inequality, human capital, and other export-related characteristics. Results of this study provide empirical evidence of the environmental impacts of the structure of international trade and outline a new methodological approach to studying uneven ecological exchange.
Globalization from a World-System Perspective: A New Phase in the CoreA New Destiny for Brazil and the Semiperiphery
Authors: Schwartzman Kathleen C.
Published: September 2015

The study of globalization, prominent in all fields of social science, scarcely draws upon the insights generated by the world-systems theory. In this essay, I delineate five key dimensions on which a world-systems approach diverges from a world society approach. When linked together, these five stages offer support for a dependency perspective that was elaborated in the theoretical work underpinning the world-system paradigm. I use the case of Brazil to demonstrate how a consent model, derived from this paradigm, offers a better understanding of the dynamics leading to global convergence than a consensus model derived from a world society paradigm.
East-West Orientation of Historical Empires and Modern States
Authors: Turchin Peter , Adams Jonathan M. , Hall Thomas D.
Published: September 2015

Jared Diamond (1997) hypothesized that if environment is important in limiting the spread of cultures, cultural units would also tend to extend more broadly along lines of latitude than along lines of longitude. We test this hypothesis by studying the range shapes of (a) historical empires and (b) modern states. Our analysis of the 62 largest empires in history supports this conjecture: there is a statistically significant tendency to expand more east-west than north-south. Modern states also show this trend, although the results are not statistically significant.
Assimilating to Power in Two Different World-Systems: An Analysis of Paul and Herzl
Authors: Samman Khaldoun
Published: September 2015

This essay concerns two Jewish men from different historical formations: the Apostle Paul, a Jew living in the Roman Empire in the first century and one of the founding figures of Christianity, and Theodor Herzl, a Jew living in late-nineteenth-century Austria and the founding father of Zionism, a Jewish nationalist movement. My central argument is that both men employed an assimilationist strategy that linked their identity to powerful social forces of their time, strategically restructuring their identity so that they could move into the most powerful centers of their social systemPaul navigating himself towards Rome and Herzl setting his gaze west even while physically moving east. My objective here is to demonstrate how these two Jewish figures used Christianity and Zionism, respectively, to assimilate towards those who hold real power, each of them appropriating the ideology of his movement in order to join the most powerful sector of his world. Yet I also intend to demonstrate that, while they both shared a desire to assimilate to power, the strategies they implemented to reach their goals were radically different: Paul using a universalistic discourse, what I shall call Israel in the spirit, whereas Herzl chose the particularistic discourse of Israel in the flesh. This is due, I argue, to the fact that both of these great historical figures were reacting to the social and political forces of their times, Paul to the centripetal forces of ancient world-empires and Herzl to the centrifugal forces of the modern world-system.
A Tale of Contrasting Trends: Three Measures of the Ecological Footprint in China, India, Japan, and the United States, 1961-2003
Authors: York Richard , Rosa Eugene A. , Dietz Thomas
Published: September 2015

We assess threats to environmental sustainability by examining the trends in three measures of the ecological footprint (EF)  the total EF, the per capita EF, and the EF intensity of the economy (EF/GDP)  for China, India, Japan, and the United States. from 1961 to 2003. The EF, an estimate of the land area needed to sustain use of the environment, is the most comprehensive measure of anthropogenic pressure on the environment available and is growing in use. We argue that the total EF is the most relevant indicator for assessing threats to natures capital and services, that per capita EF is the most relevant indicator of global inequalities, and that EF intensity is the most relevant indicator of economic benefits from environmental exploitation. We find in all four nations that the ecological intensity of the economy declined (i.e., efficiency improved) over this period, but the total national EF increased substantially. This is a demonstration of the Jevons paradox, where efficiency does not appear to reduce resource consumption, but rather escalates consumption thereby increasing threats to environmental sustainability.
World System History: Arrighi, Frank, and the Way Forward
Authors: Denemark Robert A.
Published: September 2015

Giovanni Arrighi dedicated Adam Smith in Beijing to the memory of Andre Gunder Frank. In this review I have been asked to consider the elements of Arrighis volume that Frank would have liked, and those he would have disliked. I identify five elements of world system history, which Frank worked to build during the last 20 years of his career, and assess areas of consonance and contradiction with Arrighis volume.
Introduction: REVIEW SYMPOSIUM ON GIOVANNI ARRIGHIS ADAM SMITH IN BEIJING
Authors: Hall Thomas D.
Published: September 2015

About sixteen months ago we began discussing commissioning a series of review essays on Arrighis Adam Smith in Beijing. The original idea was to publish a collection of essays from various world-systems scholars, and have Arrighi respond. As we all know, Giovanni became ill and sadly passed in summer of 2009. In commissioning the essays as book review editor I faced a special challenge. Some likely writers had already committed to essays for other venues (e.g., Janet Abo-Lughod 2008; Chris Chase-Dunn forthcoming). I also wanted to get a variety of approaches so that the entire collection would represent a diverse set of views. The following essays do that. We are especially fortunate to have an essay from Robert Denemark, who I asked to comment on Andre Gunder Franks probable take(s) on Adam Smith in Beijing. The remaining essays offer various insights into this important work.
Giovanni Arrighi in Beijing
Authors: Trichur Ganesh , Sherman Steven
Published: September 2015

Giovanni Arrighi's Adam Smith in Beijing (ASB) subverts the temporality and conceptual vocabulary employed by most writers working in a Marxist tradition. In this view, capitalism is a mode of production which eventually encompasses the entire world. Perhaps it began in England and expanded from there. Perhaps its expansion through colonial empires should be seen as part of its constitution, rather than an after effect (i.e. the perspective of Wallerstein). In any case, it eventually dominates the world and every place that is a part of it through such phenomena as, multinational corporations, wage labor, and international capital flows. The particular class relations, political systems, and international relations that held before the spread of capitalism are only of interest to the extent that they leave a residue which may be reclaimed by actors seeking to reinforce or undermine the rule of capital in particular places. For Arrighi, Chinese development neither is, nor ever was, simply capitalist. Rather, it was, and continues to be Smithian, devoted to the maintenance and expansion of a market society (the obvious irony here is that China is seen as more Smithian than those places which most heartily celebrate the Scottish political economist).
Ethnographers of the WorldUnited? Current Debates on the Ethnographic Study of Globalization
Authors: Lapegna Pablo
Published: September 2015

How does ethnography come to terms with our current global condition? Being a method characterized by its in-depth knowledge of a bounded space, how does ethnography cope with a world scale? How does the global condition affect the definitions of key ethnographic concepts? In this article, I first reconstruct ethnographic debates regarding the status of the global, showing how ethnography can contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the binary global/local. Then I review two projects that study global processes from an ethnographic point of view: multi-site ethnography (Marcus 1995) and global ethnography (Burawoy et al. 2000). I compare these two approaches along four dimensions: site, context, research design and reflexivity. I argue that while multi-site ethnography and global ethnography are often used interchangeably, each ultimately presents distinctive answers to key questions for the ethnographic study of global processes.
Emerging Visions of Another world? Tensions and Collaboration at the Quebec Social Forum
Authors: Dufour Pascale , Conway Janet
Published: September 2015

The Quebec Social Forum (QSF) took place 23-26 August 2007 in Montreal. It attracted about 5000 people from across Quebec. Both organizers and observers viewed the event as an unqualified success. In this article, we seek to describe and document this historic gathering and to understand it in its Quebec context, against the larger organizing process which produced it. We also situate the Social Forum, both as event and process, within the longer history of social mobilization in Quebec. Historicizing the Social Forum in this way helps us interpret its cleavages and conflicts more adequately and apprehend its larger significance. We argue that the conflicts that have plagued the organizing of the Quebec Social Forum are a reprise of those that appeared in the movement in the late 1990s and came to a head in the 2001 massive demonstrations against the Free Trade Agreement of the Americas in Quebec City. The chasm then was widely perceived as one over tactics but we argue, then and now, it is more substantive than that. It is about the clash of profoundly different ethics, practices and theories of democracy and, beneath them, different horizons of hope and visions of transformation. The organizing of the Social Forum is the occasion for this debate, which may say something about the significance of the Social Forum more generally and the challenge it poses to established cultures and practices of politics on the left. The cleavage is generational but not only or simply. It signals a struggle and transition but the outcomes are not yet clear and are certainly not pre-ordained.
Strange Parallels: Patterns in Eurasian Social Evolution
Authors: Turchin Peter
Published: September 2015

Most professional historians have abandoned the search for general patterns and laws of history, but not Victor Lieberman. Strange Parallels II (SP II), following on SP I, proposes that similar mechanisms governed state building in such different, and distant, regions as Southeast Asia, China, Western Europe, and Russia. During the period covered by Lieberman (c.8001830) the general trend within these regions of Eurasia was towards increasing political and cultural integration. This overall trend was not monotonic; it was periodically interrupted by interregna  periods of state breakdown and territorial fragmentation. However, as time unfolded the interregna became shorter and less disruptive. Remarkably, during the second millennium cycles of political integration and disintegration became increasingly correlated between the widely separated Eurasian regions. Liebermans bold thesis is combined with truly encyclopedic scholarship and a breathtaking scope. SP II is a major achievement in comparative world history that will take future researchers years to fully digest. This review essay aims to make a first step in this direction.
The International Finance Corporation and Forest Loss: A Cross-National Analysis
Authors: Shandra John M. , Shircliff Eric , London Bruce
Published: September 2015

We conduct the first cross-national study to consider the impact of the World Banks International Finance Corporation loans on forests. In doing so, we analyze data for a sample of sixty-one low and middle income nations for the period of 1990 to 2005. We find substantial support for dependency theory that low and middle income nations that receive an International Finance Corporation loan tend to have higher rates of deforestation than low and middle income nations that do not receive such a loan. We also find that other aspects of World Bank lending affect forest loss including structural adjustment and investment lending. We conclude with a discussion of the findings, theoretical implications, methodological implications, policy implications, and possible directions for future research.
Global Sushi: The Political Economy of the Mediterranian Bluefin Tuna Fishery in the Modern Era
Authors: Longo Stefano B.
Published: September 2015

The bluefin tuna fishery in the Mediterranean has a long history of human interaction. In recent times, this fishery has become the central source of bluefin tuna for core nations, particularly Japan. This process was set off in large part by the growth of global fish markets, driven by the valuable sushi and sashimi market, and overfishing of other bluefin stocks in other parts of the world. The transformation of this fishery from an artisanal trap fishery to a globalized industrial fishery has had a number of social and environmental consequences. Based on in-depth fieldwork and historical research, this paper examines the political economy of the bluefin tuna fishery in the Mediterranean, with a focus on Sicily. It provides a descriptive history of the changing conditions in this fishery, paying special attention to the modern fishery. This research contributes to the discussions regarding the globalization and industrialization of agri-foodsystems and environmental degradation.
Women's Status and World-System Position: An Exploratory Analysis
Authors: York Richard , Ergas Christina
Published: September 2015

Our aim here is to strengthen the links between the world-systems perspective and research ongender inequality. Grounding our analysis in theories assessing the connections between genderrelationships and world-system processes, we empirically explore (]) the extent to whichwomen's status in nations overlaps with the world-system position of those nations and (2) theinfluence of women's status within nations on a variety of national characteristics. We find thatwomen's status has a moderately strong association with world-system position, which suggeststhat macro-comparative research may confound the respective effects on a variety of socialcharacteristics of women's status and world-system position if indicators of both factors are notincluded in analyses. We also find that, controlling for world-system position, GDP per capita,and urbanization, in nations where women have higher status (variously measured), total fertilityrates, infant mortality rates, military expenditures, and inflows of foreign direct investinent arelower, and public health care expenditures and per capita meat consumption are higher. Theseresults suggest that women's status likely has social effects that can be seen on the macro-level,and that world-systems analysts should pay more attention to theories of gender in their research.
The Long Twentieth Century & The Cultural Turn: World-Historical Origins of the Cultural Economy
Authors: Brewer Benjamin D.
Published: September 2015

In this essay I link Giovanni Arrighi's world-historical framework in The Long Twentieth Centuryto debates about the "cultural turn" in global capitalism since the 1970s. I do so primarilythrough interrogation of the writings of one of the major figures in such debates: FredricJameson. In his Jameson's engagementwithArrighi's, he emphasizes the determinative influenceof finance capital on an expansion in the degree of cultural abstraction and fragmentation that isemblematic of the post-modern condition. Building on this linkage, I extend and elaborateArrighi's analysis of historical capitalism's cycles of accumulation, in which periods of materialexpansion give way to phases of financial expansion and accelerated restructuring of theorganizational and institutional foundations of the world-economy. I conclude that Jameson'sassertion of a link between the financialization of the world economy and post-modern culturalforms is best understand as a correlative rather than a causal relationship, for the growingsalience of finance capital and the new forms and degree of cultural abstraction are themselvesboth dimensions of the more fundamental socio-economic restructuring attending a period offinancial expansion.
Externality and Incorporation in the World-System: Abyssinia - Anomaly or Palimpsest?
Authors: Carlson Jon D.
Published: September 2015

This article examines the concept of the external arena and the role of the information network in the expansion of the world-system and incorporation of new regions. To address systemic incorporation, I reference research on nested networks of interaction, and echo criticisms that the impact of myth and misinformation has been underappreciated as an element of incorporation. Significant alteration occurs well-prior to the point at which most world-systems literature considers a region incorporated. I offer the concept of protoglobalization as a means of conceptualizing this early, overlooked social, economic, and political change. Abyssinia is of interest because it offers a rare case of cross-systemic incorporation. The region was historically part of the Red Sea trade complex, had linkages throughout the interior of Africa, and existed on the periphery of the Indian Ocean world-system. So while initially outside the realm of European contact, this case offers an example of successful resistance to incorporation and how that process can be understood. Additionally, it offers a case study of crosssystemic incorporation, which has been lacking in the literature. As such, it also contributes to the concept of a contested periphery. The case reaffirms the significant impact external regions can have on the functioning of internal system actors; the mere myth of Prester John spurred significant effort by European powers to locate his legendary Christian Kingdom. Finally, the article uses the methodological innovation of historical maps to trace the border of the information network, which allows for a refinement of our understanding of the complex process of incorporation and an improved model of the relationship between networks of interaction, frontiers, contestation, and incorporation.
Political Economy of the World-System: The Imperative of African-Centered Utopias
Authors: Brewer Rose M.
Published: September 2015

What is clear to me in this current moment of capitalist crisis and the demand for its alternative is this: African peoples throughout Africa and the diaspora  the United States, Brazil, the Caribbean, Europe  are at the center of dispossession: social, economic, political, and environmental.
Editors Introduction: Utopias and the Politics of Dispossession
Authors: Smith Jackie
Published: September 2015

The survival of the global capitalist order depends upon its ability to convince people who are disempowered and dispossessed by this system that there is no alternative. Thus, utopias are defined as impossible and nonexistent. Yet Erik Olin Wrights Real Utopias project upends this dominant logic and highlights actually existing alternatives to capitalism that have been essential to the very survival of many. The deepening global financial crisis heightens the urgency that these real utopias become more widely known and practiced.
Review of "Power, Resistance and Conflict in the Contemporary World: Social Movements, Networks and Hierarchies," by Athina Karotzogianni and Andrew Robinson
Authors: Shefner Jon
Published: September 2015

see text
Del Valle Escalante, Emilio. 2009. Maya Nationalisms and Postcolonial Challenges in Guatemala: Coloniality, Modernity, and Identity Politics. Santa Fe: School for Advanced Social Research. 210 pages, ISBN 978-1-930618-13-8 Paper (34.95).
Authors: Fox Samantha
Published: September 2015

n/a
Crisis of What?
Authors: Panitch Leo
Published: September 2015

This sharp question is appropriately thought-provoking. We certainly have been living through a great capitalist crisis, really only the fourth crisis of such scale after the so-called Great Depression of 1873-96, the more familiar Great Depression of the 1930s, and the global stagflation and profitability crisis of the 1970s. The very fact that capitalism survived these earlier crises should warn us away from reverting to the old mistaken notions of economic crises heralding the final breakdown of the system. But could this at least be a major turning point? Is this at least a crisis of neoliberalism? Or of American empire? Or even perhaps of "globalization"?