bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of serologic malnutrition on postoperative wound infection problems after total joint arthroplasty: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Dahua , Zhang Xiang
Published: July 2022

We performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the effect of serologic malnutrition on postoperative wound infection problems after total joint arthroplasty. A systematic literature search up to April 2022, was performed and 446 501 subjects with total joint arthroplasty at the baseline of the studies; 200 433 of them were confirmed serologic malnutrition, and 246 068 were confirmed normal nutrition. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the effect of serologic malnutrition on postoperative wound infection problems after total joint arthroplasty using the dichotomous method with a random or fixed‐effect model. The serologic malnutrition subjects had a significantly higher wound disruption (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.53–2.53, P < 0.001), higher superficial incisional surgical site infection (OR, 2.89; 95% CI, 1.67–5.01, P < 0.001), higher deep incisional surgical site infection (OR, 3.06; 95% CI, 2.36–3.96, P < 0.001), and higher organ space surgical site infection (OR, 3.15; 95% CI, 2.34–4.24, P < 0.001) in subjects after total joint arthroplasty compared with normal nutrition. The serologic malnutrition subjects had a significantly higher wound disruption, superficial incisional surgical site infection, deep incisional surgical site infection, and organ space surgical site infection in subjects after total joint arthroplasty compared with normal nutrition. The analysis of outcomes should be with caution because of the low number of studies in certain comparisons.
Efficacy of recombinant subunit OMP and hly vaccines against Aeromonas hydrophila in Rohu (Labeo rohita)
Authors: Thirumalaikumar Eswaramoorthy , Sathishkumar Ramamoorthy , Vimal Sugumar , Babu Mariavincent Michael , Uma Ganapathi , Lusiastuti Angela Mariana , Citarasu Thavasimuthu
Published: July 2022

The main aim of the current study was to clone and express a new outer membrane protein (OMP) and haemolysin (hly) from a pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila and to investigate their potential as a vaccine candidate against A. hydrophila infection in Rohu (Labeo rohita). The OMP and hly genes were cloned in pET‐30b vector and recombinant plasmids pET‐30b‐OMP and pET‐30b‐hly were constructed, which were then transferred into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant E. coli BL21 (DE3) was induced by IPTG, and the OMP and hly proteins were expressed highly. The proteins OMP and hly were estimated in 15% SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). Their molecular weights were found to be 40 kD and 68 kD. The expressed proteins OMP and hly were purified by Ni‐NTA His‐Bind Resin column, and the immunogenicity was confirmed by Western blotting. The fishes (L. rohita) were divided into IV groups, and the group I fishes were treated with phosphate saline, the II and III group were immunized with the purified OMP and hly recombinant proteins, and the fishes were treated IV group with combined OMP and hly for 10 days. After 10 days of treatment, the fishes of all the four groups were challenged with virulent A. hydrophila. The results revealed that vaccinated fish showed significantly improved haematological profile, phagocytic activity, myeloperoxidase activity and total immunoglobulin levels on the 5th and 10th days. The non‐vaccinated group (Group I) showed 100% mortality, whereas the mixture of recombinant OMP (r‐OMP) and hly (r‐hly) protein‐treated groups (Group IV) exhibited higher survival rate (80%). Relatively, expression of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐10 and TGF‐β), c‐type and g‐type lysozymes were significantly up‐regulated in heart and kidney of vaccinated groups compared with the non‐vaccinated group. Our results revealed that OMP and hly genes were effective vaccine candidates in the aquaculture system and could be used as recombinant subunit vaccine for diseases caused by pathogenic A. hydrophila.
Red palm oil Pickering emulsion with pectin yields improved in vitro beta carotene bioaccessibility and oil stability: Physicochemical characterization and shelf stability studies
Authors: Mohan Kavya , Makebe Calister Wingang , Jayamurthy Purushothaman , Nisha Prakasan
Published: July 2022

Pickering emulsion of red palm oil (RPO) with pectin as stabilizer was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). RSM parameters for final red palm oil pickering emulsion (RPE) were 3% pectin, 30% RPO, and homogenization speed of 24,000 rpm for 15 min. RPE was subjected to physicochemical characterizations, along with storage studies for 15 days. Microstructure imaging of RPE confirmed pickering emulsion formation. Droplet diameter and zeta potential of RPE were 1.779 μm and −32.5 mV, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of RPE suggested hydrogen bonding interactions between the components, and thermogravimetric analysis revealed stability up to 40°C. Gastrointestinal bioaccessibility of naturally occurring β‐carotene in the RPE (37.76 ± 1.2%) was found to be four times higher than that of RPO (8.7 ± 0.8%). The RPE was more stable at 4°C as indicated by storage analyses. RPE can improve the bioaccessibility of nutritionally important bioactive compounds.

Practical applications

Pickering emulsions of RPO stabilized by pectin can be used for developing functional foods with improved bioaccessibility of lipophilic bioactives such as carotenoids as well as for the delivery of temperature sensitive nutritional and bioactive compounds. These emulsions can also be found applications in beverages, low temperature processed foods and vegan fat substitutes.
Response to a novel, weight self‐awareness plan used in a multi‐component lifestyle intervention programme to reduce breast cancer risk factors in older women—Secondary analysis from the ActWELL trial
Authors: Zaremba Suzanne M. M. , Stead Martine , McKell Jennifer , O'Carroll Ronan E. , Mutrie Nanette , Treweek Shaun , Anderson Annie S. ,   the ActWELL team
Published: July 2022

Background

The ActWELL randomised controlled trial assessed the effectiveness of a weight management programme delivered by volunteer lifestyle coaches (LCs) in women attending breast clinics. The intervention focused on caloric intake and physical activity, utilising behavioural change techniques including a weight awareness plan (WAP). The current work is a secondary analysis of the ActWELL data and aims to examine the response to the weight self‐awareness plan (used as part of the intervention programme).

Methods

The LCs invited participants (n = 279) to undertake an implementation intention discussion to formulate a self‐weighing (SW) plan. Bodyweight scales were offered, and recording books provided. The physical activity component of the intervention focused on a walking plan assessed by accelerometers. The LCs contacted participants by telephone monthly and provided personalised feedback. Mann–Whitney tests and chi‐squared analysis were used to examine the effect of SW on weight change. A qualitative evaluation utilising semi‐structured interviews was also undertaken.

Results

Most participants (96.4%) agreed to set a weekly SW goal and 76 (27%) requested scales. At 12 months, 226 (81%) returned for follow up. The median (interquartile range) weight change for those who self‐ reported at least one weight (n = 211) was −2.3 kg (−5.0 to 0.0) compared to −1.2 kg (−5.0 to 0.03) in those who did not (n = 14). Participants who reported weights on more than eight occasions (39%) were significantly more likely (p = 0.012) to achieve 5% weight loss compared to those who weighed less often. Low numbers of accelerometers were returned that did not allow for significance testing. Qualitative data (n = 24) indicated that many participants found the WAP helpful and motivating.

Conclusions

Greater adherence to the WAP initiated by volunteer coaches is associated with achieving 5% weight loss.
Exploring stakeholder experiences of dietetic service and care delivery: A systematic qualitative review
Authors: Elliott Andrea , Gibson Simone
Published: July 2022

Background

There is limited understanding of patients' and healthcare professionals' perceptions and experiences of receiving and delivering dietetic care, respectively. This systematic review of the literature used qualitative synthesis to explore the perceptions and experiences of multiple stakeholders involved in the delivery of nutrition care and dietetic service.

Methods

MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, PsycINFO and ProQuest were systematically searched. Study characteristics and perceptions of stakeholders regarding nutrition care services were extracted. Qualitative synthesis was employed and thematic analysis conducted.

Results

Five themes were identified from 44 studies related to stakeholders' perceptions of dietetic services. Studies included quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods involving patients, families, dietitians and other healthcare professionals. The themes were (1) patients desiring a personalised approach to nutrition care; (2) accessing dietetic service; (3) perceived impact of nutrition care on the patient; (4) relationships between stakeholders; and (5) beliefs about nutrition expertise. Two themes were specific to patients; these were the desire for individualised care and the impact of nutrition care. Within each theme perceptions varied with patients' views often contrasting with those of dietetic service providers.

Conclusions

Experiences of dietetic service do not always meet stakeholder expectations which impacts on patient engagement. Seeking stakeholder input is imperative to design dietetic services that engage patients in positive and supportive clinical partnerships.
Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of primary myxomatous degeneration of cardiac valves in a fetus: Case report
Authors: Gao Wen‐Juan , Li Xue‐Ning
Published: July 2022

Primary myxomatous degeneration of cardiac valves is a rare cardiac malformation. We discovered a case of fetal primary myxomatous degeneration of cardiac valves during routine prenatal ultrasound examination. This is the first time such a case has been detected on prenatal ultrasound.
The Effect of Age of Onset of Bilingualism on Gender Agreement Processing in Spanish as a Heritage Language
Authors: Keating Gregory D.
Published: July 2022

Montrul's (2008) onset age hypothesis predicts that, if attrition occurs in early bilingualism, it will be more severe in simultaneous than in sequential bilinguals. This study tested that prediction in an eye‐tracking experiment focused on the processing of Spanish gender agreement during sentence reading. Heritage Spanish speakers exposed to English at different ages (0–3, 4–6, 7–10 years) read sentences containing violations of noun–adjective gender agreement in 2 distance conditions (adjacent, nonadjacent). Mixed‐effects modeling with reverse Helmert contrasts showed that heritage speakers displayed sensitivity to gender agreement violations in their minority language regardless of onset age and noun–adjective proximity. However, onset age of majority language acquisition determined how early sensitivity manifested itself in the time course of grammatical processing. Consistent with Montrul's hypothesis, sequential bilinguals showed sensitivity to violations earlier in their eye‐movement record than did simultaneous bilinguals. The results suggest onset age can affect grammatical processing in bilinguals who otherwise acquire target like mental representations.
Environmental DNA and metagenomics of terrestrial mammals as keystone taxa of recent and past ecosystems
Authors: Seeber Peter A. , Epp Laura S.
Published: July 2022

Terrestrial mammals shape their ecosystems, and mammalian community assemblages can be important indicators of ecosystem functioning and ecosystem changes over time. Numerous taxa of terrestrial mammals are currently threatened by habitat loss and face displacement to new geographical areas or systems to which they are less suited and where they may affect the original communities.

Understanding past ecosystem changes is important for predicting future responses of species assemblages to changes in their environments. Thus, ecological and evolutionary history, as well as adaptive capacity, are important predictors of future population viability. Genomic and metagenomic approaches using environmental or ancient DNA offer a wealth of information regarding genome‐wide variation of changing communities or of taxonomic groups over time, which may help explain past changes and predict future responses of communities to changes in their environment; however, to date, such studies are relatively scarce.

We review studies on environmental DNA and environmental genomics of terrestrial mammals to assess the potential of such approaches regarding past, contemporary, and future terrestrial ecosystems, identify inherent challenges, and discuss potential applications. We elaborate on lessons to be learned from mammal genomics of past ecosystems and compare metabarcoding with general metagenetic and metagenomic techniques. We provide a comprehensive overview of current applications, challenges, and future potential of environmental DNA with regards to terrestrial mammals.

As current major challenges regarding mammalian eDNA we identify its scarcity and patchy distribution, along with the persistent necessity of genomic reference data. While the latter are steadily increasing, the former can only be tackled by explicitly mapping the environment to gain understanding of spatial eDNA distribution. Such understanding may facilitate informed choices of sample sites and substrates and, together with new sequencing techniques, this can allow mammalian eDNA to be maximally exploited as a source of biodiversity data.
Interspecies genome divergence is predominantly due to frequent small scale rearrangements in Eucalyptus
Authors: Ferguson Scott , Jones Ashley , Murray Kevin , Schwessinger Benjamin , Borevitz Justin O.
Published: July 2022

Synteny, the ordering of sequences within homologous chromosomes, must be maintained within the genomes of sexually reproducing species for the sharing of alleles and production of viable, reproducing offspring. However, when the genomes of closely related species are compared, a loss of synteny is often observed. Unequal homologous recombination is the primary mechanism behind synteny loss, occurring more often in transposon rich regions, and resulting in the formation of chromosomal rearrangements. To examine patterns of synteny among three closely related, interbreeding, and wild Eucalyptus species, we assembled their genomes using long‐read DNA sequencing and de novo assembly. We identify syntenic and rearranged regions between these genomes and estimate that ~48% of our genomes remain syntenic while ~36% is rearranged. We observed that rearrangements highly fragment microsynteny. Our results suggest that synteny between these species is primarily lost through small‐scale rearrangements, not through sequence loss, gain, or sequence divergence. Further examination of identified rearrangements suggests that rearrangements may be altering the phenotypes of Eucalyptus species. Our study also underscores that the use of single reference genomes in genomic variation studies could lead to reference bias, especially given the scale at which we show potentially adaptive loci have highly diverged, deleted, duplicated and/or rearranged. This study provides an unbiased framework to look at potential speciation and adaptive loci among a rapidly radiating foundation species of woodland trees that are free from selective breeding seen in most crop species.
FLOWERING REPRESSOR AAA+ATPase 1 is a novel regulator of perennial flowering in Arabis alpina
Authors: Viñegra de la Torre Natanael , Vayssières Alice , Obeng‐Hinneh Evelyn , Neumann Ulla , Zhou Yanhao , Lázaro Ana , Roggen Adrian , Sun Hequan , Stolze Sara C. , Nakagami Hirofumi , Schneeberger Korbinian , Timmers Ton , Albani Maria C.
Published: July 2022

Arabis alpina is a polycarpic perennial, in which PERPETUAL FLOWERING1 (PEP1) regulates flowering and perennial traits in a vernalization‐dependent manner. Mutagenesis screens of the pep1 mutant established the role of other flowering time regulators in PEP1‐parallel pathways.

Here we characterized three allelic enhancers of pep1 (eop002, 085 and 091) which flower early. We mapped the causal mutations and complemented mutants with the identified gene. Using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR and reporter lines, we determined the protein spatiotemporal expression patterns and localization within the cell. We also characterized its role in Arabidopsis thaliana using CRISPR and in A. alpina by introgressing mutant alleles into a wild‐type background.

These mutants carried lesions in an AAA+ ATPase of unknown function, FLOWERING REPRESSOR AAA+ ATPase 1 (AaFRAT1). AaFRAT1 was detected in the vasculature of young leaf primordia and the rib zone of flowering shoot apical meristems. At the subcellular level, AaFRAT1 was localized at the interphase between the endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomes. Introgression lines carrying Aafrat1 alleles required less vernalization to flower and reduced number of vegetative axillary branches. By contrast, A. thaliana CRISPR lines showed weak flowering phenotypes.

AaFRAT1 contributes to flowering time regulation and the perennial growth habit of A. alpina.
Association between oral function and nutrition in gastric cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy
Authors: Momokita Moeko , Abe Atsushi , Shibata Kanae , Hayashi Hiroki , Ishihama Takanori , Inoue Hiroki , Achiwa Motonobu , Taniguchi Shinichi , Nakayama Atsushi
Published: July 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the oral assessment guide (OAG), a simple method for assessing oral function and poor nutrition in gastric cancer patients and investigate the reduction of oral mucositis through appropriate oral function management.

Subjects and Methods

Gastric cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy at the Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital between January 2015 and December 2020 were evaluated. The prognostic nutritional index (PNI), as the objective variable, was used to assess nutritional status. The explanatory variables were sex, age, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), number of remaining teeth, cancer stage, albumin level, C‐reactive protein level, white blood cell count and the OAG score.

Results

PNI was significantly associated with age, number of remaining teeth, cancer stage and the OAG score (p < 0.05) among the 217 patients. There were significant differences in age, BMI, cancer stage and the OAG score among the patients. An abnormal BMI and an advanced cancer stage were more common in older patients, and abnormal OAG scores were associated with a lower PNI.

Conclusions

For gastric cancer patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy, worse oral functional status is associated with worse PNI and nutritional status.
Fine‐mapping of the major locus for vicine and convicine in faba bean (Vicia faba) and marker‐assisted breeding of a novel, low vicine and convicine winter faba bean population
Authors: Tacke Rebecca , Ecke Wolfgang , Höfer Michael , Sass Olaf , Link Wolfgang
Published: July 2022

The versatility of faba bean Vicia faba grain as valuable protein feed is hampered by its relatively high level of the compounds vicine and convicine (VC), which are antinutritive factors in poultry and other non‐ruminants. The objective of this study was to fine‐map the major locus for VC and, based on this, to develop a novel low‐VC winter faba bean. Bi‐parental F2‐families and isogenic lines of three different genetic backgrounds were used for the linkage‐mapping and to collect transcriptomic data. Furthermore, based on synteny to Medicago truncatula and Cicer arietinum, a candidate gene for the VC locus was identified. Zooming into the vicinity of the major VC locus resulted in eight DNA‐markers suitable for breeding low VC winter faba beans. A novel, genetically low VC winter faba bean population was accordingly developed.
Biliary atresia—An experience from the first pediatric liver transplant center in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Sabeen Abid , Ali Naurin , Dar Faisal Saud , Malik Munir Iqbal
Published: July 2022

Background

Biliary atresia (BA) is the most common cause of neonatal cholestatic syndrome. The true incidence of BA in Pakistan is largely unknown.

Aim

This study aimed to report the clinical features, age at diagnosis and outcomes of biliary atresia from the first pediatric liver transplant center in Pakistan.

Methods

The study was done in Shifa International hospital from 2013 to 2020. All babies who had biliary atresia confirmed by laboratory investigation were included. Demographic data, age of presentation, clinical presentation, supporting investigations like liver function tests, ultrasound abdomen, HIDA scan and liver biopsy were noted. Outcome related to Kasai portoenterostomy, liver transplant, complications and immunosuppressant agents were noted.

Result

A total of 42 children were included, 23 (54.7%) males and 19 (45.2%) were females. Jaundice was seen in all patients (100%) followed by acholic stools (81%). Associated malformations were noted in 6 (14.2%) patients. Liver function tests confirmed obstructive cholestasis (p 0.04). Kasai was done in 19 (45%) patients only, living donor liver transplant was performed in 6 (14%) patients. Age range of transplant patients was from 3 months to 1 year. Indication for liver transplant was failed Kasai in 1(16.7%) patient and chronic liver disease in 5 (83.3%) patients. LDLT survivors were 10 months to 1 year of age at the time of transplant, mean age was 10.6 months. Maximum survival noted so far is 7 years. Acute complications seen post‐transplant were sepsis (three patients), surgical site infections (two patients), biliary leaks and acute cellular rejection in one patient each. Chronic graft rejection, portal vein stricture needing stenting was done in one patient.

Discussion

All patients underwent LDLT from related donors wih no donor related mortality. All are deceased patients were yonger and had advanced disease. BA remains third most commo indication of transplant in our center.

Conclusion

Liver transplant is the only lifesaving procedure after failed Kasai or as primary liver transplant due to advance liver disease. The advent of liver transplantation services offers survival and improving outlook of the disease.
Repeated colonization of alpine habitats by Arabidopsis arenosa viewed through freezing resistance and ice management strategies
Authors: Kaplenig D. , Bertel C. , Arc E. , Villscheider R. , Ralser M. , Kolář F. , Wos G. , Hülber K. , Kranner I. , Neuner G.
Published: July 2022

Success or failure of plants to cope with freezing temperatures can critically influence plant distribution and adaptation to new habitats. Especially in alpine environments, frost is a likely major selective force driving adaptation. In Arabidopsis arenosa (L.) Lawalrée, alpine populations have evolved independently in different mountain ranges, enabling studying mechanisms of acclimation and adaptation to alpine environments.

We tested for heritable, parallel differentiation in freezing resistance, cold acclimation potential and ice management strategies using eight alpine and eight foothill populations. Plants from three European mountain ranges (Niedere Tauern, Făgăraș and Tatra Mountains) were grown from seeds of tetraploid populations in four common gardens, together with diploid populations from the Tatra Mountains. Freezing resistance was assessed using controlled freezing treatments and measuring effective quantum yield of photosystem II, and ice management strategies by infrared video thermography and cryomicroscopy.

The alpine ecotype had a higher cold acclimation potential than the foothill ecotype, whereby this differentiation was more pronounced in tetraploid than diploid populations. However, no ecotypic differentiation was found in one region (Făgăraș), where the ancient lineage had a different evolutionary history. Upon freezing, an ice lens within a lacuna between the palisade and spongy parenchyma tissues was formed by separation of leaf tissues, a mechanism not previously reported for herbaceous species.

The dynamic adjustment of freezing resistance to temperature conditions may be particularly important in alpine environments characterized by large temperature fluctuations. Furthermore, the formation of an extracellular ice lens may be a useful strategy to avoid tissue damage during freezing.
Near‐optimal control of a stochastic model for mountain pine beetles with pesticide application
Authors: Xu Jing , Yu Zhensheng , Zhang Tonghua , Yuan Sanling
Published: July 2022

In this paper, considering the effect of environmental factors such as climate change, temperature and drought on the growth of forests and beetles as well as the pine forests death and economic loss caused by outbreaks of mountain pine beetles, we first develop a stochastic mountain pine beetle model with pesticide application, and then consider its near‐optimal control (NOC) problem. The problem NOC is formulated by decreasing the mountain pine beetles while keeping the cost of pesticide application to a minimum. By Pontryagin stochastic maximum principle, we establish some sufficient and necessary conditions of the near‐optimality. Some numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the theoretical results, which indicate that the pesticide application could effectively control the number of beetles and relieve the pressure from the attacking of beetles on the pines. To some extent, this control strategy could protect the pine forests and reduce economic losses caused by the mountain pine beetles.
Residual effects of agricultural gypsum on soil chemical and microbiological characteristics
Authors: Luiz Marcelo de Souza , Zanão Junior Luiz Antônio , Ribeiro Marina Ronchesel , de Matos Maria Aparecida , Andrade Diva Souza
Published: July 2022

Agricultural gypsum can improve the chemical quality of low fertility soil, providing calcium and sulphur. In this study, we evaluated the effects of agricultural gypsum application at five dosage rates (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 Mg ha−1) on the chemical and microbial soil characteristics of an acid oxisol (0–0.1 m and 0.1–0.2 m layers) and the impact on wheat grain yield. Increasing agricultural gypsum dosage rates increased Ca, S as well as the Ca/Mg ratio and microbial biomass of carbon in the 0–01 m soil layer. In the 0.1–0.2 m soil layer, agricultural gypsum affected organic C (Corg), Ca and the Ca/Mg ratio. The microbial biomass of carbon had positive correlations with most chemical and microbial variables. In the 0–0.1 m soil, the microbial biomass of C and N had negative relationships with arylsulphatase and β‐glucosidase, respectively. At 0.1–0.2 m depth, arylsulphatase activity correlated negatively with Corg and positively with Al. Agricultural gypsum soil amendments increased the microbial biomass of carbon, especially at the highest application rate (12 Mg ha−1). The highest biochemical index activity was found in the 3 Mg ha−1 (0–0.1 m) and 9 Mg ha−1 (0.1–0.2 m) treatments. At 70 months after application, we found that maximum wheat grain yield was rendered by an agricultural gypsum application rate close to 3 Mg ha−1.
Erasing trauma – Erasing indigeneity: How the settler colonial state erased Warlpiri trauma in the wake of the police shooting Kumunjayi Walker
Authors: Scarfe Liz
Published: July 2022

In this paper, I argue that the rhetoric and discharge of state mental health care provisions in the wake of the police shooting of Kumunjayi Walker reflect the logic of elimination that underpins settler‐colonial societies. Firstly, the use of emotional politics and the diplomacy of sympathy transform the police shooting of an Aboriginal man into a simple loss of life. Secondly, the deployment of psychological services to the community specifically and only for secondary trauma victims not only erased Warlpiri trauma and foregrounded non‐Indigenous trauma, it also positioned Warlpiri people as the cause of non‐Indigenous trauma. Lastly, I explore how narratives in the mental health care sector regarding the state response simultaneously critique and reproduce settler‐colonial elimination. As an arm of the settler‐colonial state, the sector cannot help but be complicit in the ongoing elimination of indigeneity and is not exceptional as a sector in this way. Settler‐colonial attempts at care are inherently characterised by this conflict of interest, which, if there is any way to resolve it, requires a depth of critical reflection beyond politically progressive narratives.
Effects of a community‐driven water, sanitation, and hygiene programme on COVID‐19 symptoms, vaccine acceptance and non‐COVID illnesses: A cluster‐randomised controlled trial in rural Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Croke Kevin , Coville Aidan , Mvukiyehe Eric , Dohou Caleb Jeremie , Zibika Jean‐Paul , Stanus Ghib Luca , Andreottola Michele , Bokasola Yannick Lokaya , Quattrochi John Paul
Published: July 2022

Objective

The government of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) responded to COVID‐19 with policy measures, such as business and school closures and distribution of vaccines, which rely on citizen compliance. In other settings, prior experience with effective government programmes has increased compliance with public health measures. We study the effect of a national water, sanitation, and hygiene programme on compliance with COVID‐19 policies.

Methods

Prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic, 332 communities were randomly assigned to the Villages et Écoles Assainis (VEA) programme or control. After COVID‐19 reached DRC, individuals who owned phones (590/1312; 45%) were interviewed by phone three times between May 2020 and August 2021. Primary outcomes were COVID symptoms, non‐COVID illness symptoms, child health, psychological well‐being, and vaccine acceptance. Secondary outcomes included COVID‐19 preventive behaviour and knowledge, and perceptions of governmental performance, including COVID response. All outcomes were self‐reported. Outcomes were compared between treatment and control villages using linear models.

Results

The VEA programme did not affect respondents' COVID symptoms (−0.11, 95% CI −0.55 to 0.33), non‐COVID illnesses (−0.01, 95% CI −0.05 to 0.03), child health (0.07, 95% CI −0.19 to 0.33), psychological well‐being (−0.05, 95% CI −0.35 to 0.24), or vaccine acceptance (−0.04, 95% CI −0.19 to 0.10). There was no effect on village‐level COVID‐19 preventive behaviour (0.03, 95% CI −0.23 to 0.29), COVID‐19 knowledge (0.16, 95% CI −0.08 to 0.39), or trust in institutions.

Conclusions

Although the VEA programme increased access to improved water and sanitation, we found no evidence that it increased trust in government or compliance with COVID policies, or reduced illness.
Vitamin K antagonist reversal strategies: Systematic review and network meta‐analysis from the AABB
Authors: Pagano Monica B. , Foroutan Farid , Goel Ruchika , Allen Elizabeth S. , Cushing Melissa M. , Garcia David A. , Hopkins Courtney K. , Klein Kimberly , Raval Jay S. , Cohn Claudia S.
Published: July 2022

Background

Anticoagulation requires urgent reversal in cases of life‐threatening bleeding or invasive procedures.

Study Design and Methods

Network meta‐analysis for comparing the safety and efficacy of warfarin reversal strategies including plasma and prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs).

Results

Seven studies including 594 subjects using reversal agents plasma, 3‐factor‐PCC (Uman Complex and Konyne), and 4‐factor‐PCC (Beriplex/KCentra, Octaplex, and Cofact) met inclusion criteria. Compared with plasma, patients receiving Cofact probably have a higher rate of international normalized ratio (INR) correction (risk difference [RD] 499 more per 1000 patients, 95% confidence interval [CI], 176–761, low certainty[LC]); higher reversal of bleeding (323 more per 1000 patients, 11–344 more, LC); and fewer transfusion requirements (0.96 fewer units, 1.65–0.27 fewer, LC). Patients receiving Beriplex/KCentra probably have a higher rate of INR correction (476 more per 1000 patients, 332–609 more, LC); higher reversal of bleeding (127 more per 1000 patients, 43 fewer to 236 more); and similar transfusion requirements (0.01 fewer units, 0.31 fewer to 0.28 more, high/moderate certainty). Patients receiving Octaplex probably have a higher rate of INR correction (RD 579 more per 1000 patients, 189–825 more, LC).

Conclusions

PCCs probably provide an advantage in INR reversal compared to plasma. There was no added risk of adverse events with PCCs.
What is the value of statistical testing of observational data?
Authors: Jeffery Nick D. , Budke Christine M. , Chanoit Guillaume P.
Published: July 2022

Statistical analysis of medical data aims to reveal patterns that can aid in decision making for future cases and, hopefully, improve patient outcomes. Large and bias‐free datasets, such as those produced in formal randomized clinical trials, are necessary to make such analyses as reliable as possible. For a host of reasons, randomized trials are, unfortunately, relatively uncommon in veterinary medicine and surgery, implying that less ideal datasets (mostly observational data) must form the basis for much of our decision making regarding treatment of individual patients under our care. In this review, we first describe the common shortcomings of many observational veterinary datasets when viewed in comparison with their optimal counterparts and highlight how the deficiencies can lead to unreliable conclusions. We illustrate how many of the interpretative problems associated with observational data, predominantly various forms of bias, are not solved, and may even be exacerbated, by statistical analysis. We emphasize the need to examine summary data and its derivation in detail without being lured into relying upon P values to draw conclusions and advocate for completely omitting statistical analysis of many observational datasets. Finally, we present some suggestions for alternative statistical methods, such as propensity scoring and Bayesian methods, which might help reduce the risk of drawing unwarranted, and overconfident, conclusions from imperfect data.
The impact of COVID‐19 on nurse leadership characteristics
Authors: Fowler Karen R. , Robbins Leslie K.
Published: July 2022

Background

Nurse leaders are vital for improving nursing efficiencies and the quality of care that they provide during a crisis and its aftermath. The value of positive leadership characteristics has never been more critical than during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Functioning in a crisis mode required nurse leaders to demonstrate the necessary skills for clear communication and solid leadership. Therefore, nursing leadership, especially in emergencies such as the COVID‐19 pandemic, needs to be transformative in the sense that leaders are informational, motivating, and able to advance the organization, notwithstanding a global pandemic. Timely leadership research during and after COVID‐19 is crucial for filling the literature gap resulting from the unique changes in the nursing profession in the post‐pandemic period.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate leadership characteristics shown by nurse leaders during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and investigate nurses' perceptions of nurse leader effectiveness based on leaders' work roles.

Methods

An exploratory, quantitative study was conducted 18 months after the declaration of the COVID‐19 pandemic (June–August 2021). The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ 5X) was sent to registered nurses (RNs) in Texas using the State Board's listing of active RNs. In total, 70 practicing RNs participated in the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate correlational analysis.

Results

Perceived leadership characteristics remained primarily transformational. Nurse directors and executives reported positive leadership characteristics more frequently than did staff and charge nurses.

Linking Evidence to Action

Specific tactics and strategies must be adopted to support nurses and nursing leadership during ongoing healthcare challenges. Close monitoring of leadership characteristics will enable organizations to support and provide educational opportunities for ongoing organizational success.
The Cross-Scale Strengthening-Softening Behavior of Solids With the Pressurized Cylindrical Cell
Authors: Lin Zhongya , Wei Yueguang
Published: July 2022

A lot of research has shown that the strength of nanoparticle composites increases first and then decreases with the decrease of particle size when particle size is at nanoscale, which is the so-called positive-inverse Hall–Petch effects, or called the strengthening-softening characteristic. In this paper, the strengthening-softening behavior of cylindrical nanoparticle composites with periodic distribution of particles is studied. By selecting the representative single cylindrical cell model, the mechanic’s solution is obtained strictly by using the strain gradient viscoelastic theory established previously by the present authors. The results clearly show the strengthening-softening behavior of the nanoparticle composite. In the process of solution, first, the strain gradient elasticity theory is used to strictly solve the problem of the cylindrical cell under uniform external pressure. Then, using the correspondence principle of the strain gradient viscoelastic theory, the solution for the strain gradient viscoelastic theory is obtained through Laplace inversion transformation, and its dependence on the time-space two-scale parameters is analyzed. The results showed a significant positive-inverse Hall–Petch effects.
Evolution of Electroplated Cubic Boron Nitride Tool Surface Texture Parameters During Point Grinding
Authors: Pietrow Nikita , Curtis David , Novovic Donka , McGourlay Jamie , Ghadbeigi Hassan
Published: July 2022

Point grinding is an abrasive machining process that utilizes small diameter superabrasive single-layer grinding tools for accurate machining of complex 3D geometries. Due to the small nature of these tools, high wear-rates and uneven wear around the tool circumference present a challenge for their successful application for the finish machining of metallic components. It is, therefore, essential to monitor the surface condition of the point grinding tools, to ensure their safe and reliable operation. In this investigation, the 3D topography evolution of single-layer B126 cubic boron nitride (cBN) point grinding tools was characterized using focus-variation imaging. Given the wealth of information obtained using this method, a decision-matrix methodology was used to identify the most important parameters for monitoring the wear condition of the point grinding tools. Grinding trials were also performed with fixed cutting parameters and varied cutting durations up to 520 mm3 of material removed to assess the evolution of the point grinding tool surfaces over time as a result of wear during grinding of hardened D2 tool steel. The best criteria for the characterization of the surface texture of electroplated cBN point grinding tool surfaces were identified to be the average surface height (Sa), skewness (Ssk), root mean square gradient (Sdq), reduced peak height (Spk), peak material volume (Vmp), and developed interfacial area ratio (Sdr). These parameters performed best for direct measurement of point grinding tool surfaces, paving the way for the application of the imaging technique under manufacturing conditions as an on-machine monitoring method for performance assessment.
Design and Control of SLPM-Based Extensible Continuum Arm
Authors: Zhuang Zheming , Zhang Ze , Guan Yuntao , Wei Wei , Li Mi , Tang Zhao , Kang Rongjie , Song Zhibin , Dai Jian S.
Published: July 2022

As an important branch of reconfigurable robots, extensible continuum robots are soft and light, with the flexibility of movement and high adaptability in complex environments. These robots have very broad applications in a variety of fields, including military reconnaissance, geological exploration and rescue operations. In this paper, a high folding ratio, flexible, and compact extensible continuum arm is designed using a novel combination of parallel and deployable mechanisms. We present the spherical-linkage parallel mechanism (SLPM) as a flexure hinge. The analysis suggests that the SLPM is highly flexible and meets the requirements for many DoFs (degrees-of-freedom) needed in various fields. The folding ratio of the SLPM was 72.73. Following this, we present an SLPM compliant module powered by a set of embedded shape memory alloy (SMA) springs. These can change the internal elasticity of the module as temperature changes, thereby varying the stiffness. Moreover, the control system is designed to enable real-time cooperation between multiple motors and carries out simulations for deployable motion. The extensible continuum arm prototype was manufactured and its performance was tested in complex environments. From the results, it is shown that the arm can be utilized for rescue during disasters as well as investigation and repair of aircraft engines.
Theoretical and Numerical Research on Heat Transfer Mechanism and Temperature Characteristics of Electric Rotary Alumina Kiln
Authors: Wei Xuesong , Hou Zhengjin , Chen Songying , Fan Baoxin , Fan Ruonan , Lv Wei , Hao Zongrui
Published: July 2022

Electric rotary kiln is one of the key equipment in the chemical industry, which is mainly used for heating materials. In the current research, the heat calculation method of the electric rotary alumina kiln is constructed, and the heat transfer processes in the furnace, the furnace tube, and the furnace tube wall are systematically analyzed. The theoretical model of the electric rotary alumina kiln is established and solved by the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method, and the temperature rise curves in the kiln are obtained. The numerical simulation is carried out to investigate the temperature distribution of materials and gases in the furnace tube. It is revealed in the results that the temperature distribution of the electric rotary alumina kiln is more uniform than that of the internal rotary kiln, and the stable operation state can be reached in a very short time, which means that reduced furnace tube length and reduced production cost can be achieved under the same roasting requirements.
Soundscapes as heard by invertebrates and fishes: Particle motion measurements on coral reefs
Authors: Jones Ian T. , D. Gray Michael , Mooney T. Aran
Published: July 2022

Coral reef soundscapes are increasingly studied for their ecological uses by invertebrates and fishes, for monitoring habitat quality, and to investigate effects of anthropogenic noise pollution. Few examinations of aquatic soundscapes have reported particle motion levels and variability, despite their relevance to invertebrates and fishes. In this study, ambient particle acceleration was quantified from orthogonal hydrophone arrays over several months at four coral reef sites, which varied in benthic habitat and fish communities. Time-averaged particle acceleration magnitudes were similar across axes, within 3 dB. Temporal trends of particle acceleration corresponded with those of sound pressure, and the strength of diel trends in both metrics significantly correlated with percent coral cover. Higher magnitude particle accelerations diverged further from pressure values, potentially representing sounds recorded in the near field. Particle acceleration levels were also reported for boat and example fish sounds. Comparisons with particle acceleration derived audiograms suggest the greatest capacity of invertebrates and fishes to detect soundscape components below 100 Hz, and poorer detectability of soundscapes by invertebrates compared to fishes. Based on these results, research foci are discussed for which reporting of particle motion is essential, versus those for which sound pressure may suffice.
Two-dimensional sound field reproduction based on Mathieu function expansion
Authors: Ren Yi , Haneda Yoichi
Published: July 2022

In this study, a two-dimensional sound field reproduction method based on Mathieu function expansion (MFE) is proposed. Mathieu functions are orthogonal solutions of the Helmholtz equation in an elliptical coordinate system. A MFE, which is similar to the conventional circular harmonic expansion, is applied to the sound field. The MFE-based method introduces elliptical properties such that the listening area is an ellipse. Three methods are described: an analytical sound field reproduction method for elliptical loudspeaker arrays, a method applying transformation (i.e., stretch, rotation, and translation) to the listening area, and a numerical approach for arbitrarily shaped arrays. A suitable truncation order for the MFE is also derived. The performance of all methods is tested in computer simulations with examples.
Investigating the Nexus of Paralympic Bodies With Medicine
Authors: Quinn Nancy , Misener Laura
Published: July 2022

Medical discourse regarding impairment and (dis)ability dominate assumptions of Paralympic sport. This research examined the lived experience of the first author, a sport physiotherapist and veteran of many Paralympic Games, to consider the experience of sport medicine with Para sport athletes. Self-ethnography and a theoretical lens informed by a human rights approach to disability were used. Structural violence was utilized to explore the social structure of medical professions and the impact on Paralympic sport. Data involved a retrospective journal of the first author. Thematic analysis was conducted and these themes are presented; social potential of sport medicine, medical authority, aversive ableism. The research draws attention to structural violence in Paralympic sport and the potential of sport medicine to be an agent of change.
Multimodal perception links cellular state to decision-making in single cells
Authors: Kramer Bernhard A. , Sarabia del Castillo Jacobo , Pelkmans Lucas
Published: July 2022

Individual cells make decisions that are adapted to their internal state and surroundings, but how cells can reliably do this remains unclear. To study the information processing capacity of human cells, we conducted multiplexed quantification of signaling responses and markers of the cellular state. Signaling nodes in a network displayed adaptive information processing, which led to heterogeneous growth factor responses and enabled nodes to capture partially nonredundant information about the cellular state. Collectively, as a multimodal percept this gives individual cells a large information processing capacity to accurately place growth factor concentration within the context of their cellular state and make cellular state–dependent decisions. Heterogeneity and complexity in signaling networks may have coevolved to enable specific and context-aware cellular decision-making in a multicellular setting.
Thermalization dynamics of a gauge theory on a quantum simulator
Authors: Zhou Zhao-Yu , Su Guo-Xian , Halimeh Jad C. , Ott Robert , Sun Hui , Hauke Philipp , Yang Bing , Yuan Zhen-Sheng , Berges Jürgen , Pan Jian-Wei
Published: July 2022

Gauge theories form the foundation of modern physics, with applications ranging from elementary particle physics and early-universe cosmology to condensed matter systems. We perform quantum simulations of the unitary dynamics of a U(1) symmetric gauge field theory and demonstrate emergent irreversible behavior. The highly constrained gauge theory dynamics are encoded in a one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard simulator, which couples fermionic matter fields through dynamical gauge fields. We investigated global quantum quenches and the equilibration to a steady state well approximated by a thermal ensemble. Our work may enable the investigation of elusive phenomena, such as Schwinger pair production and string breaking, and paves the way for simulating more complex, higher-dimensional gauge theories on quantum synthetic matter devices.
Mosaic loss of Y chromosome during aging
Authors: Zeiher Andreas , Braun Thomas
Published: July 2022

Spread of Y chromosome aneuploidy in myeloid cells with age promotes cardiac fibrosis