bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self‐Aggregating Tau Fragments Recapitulate Pathologic Phenotypes and Neurotoxicity of Alzheimer's Disease in Mice
Authors: Le Ly Thi Huong Luu , Lee Jeeyoung , Im Dongjoon , Park Sunha , Hwang Kyoung‐Doo , Lee Jung Hoon , Jiang Yanxialei , Lee Yong‐Seok , Suh Young Ho , Kim Hugh I. , Lee Min Jae
Published: August 2023

In tauopathy conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), highly soluble and natively unfolded tau polymerizes into an insoluble filament; however, the mechanistic details of this process remain unclear. In the brains of AD patients, only a minor segment of tau forms β‐helix‐stacked protofilaments, while its flanking regions form disordered fuzzy coats. Here, it is demonstrated that the tau AD nucleation core (tau‐AC) sufficiently induced self‐aggregation and recruited full‐length tau to filaments. Unexpectedly, phospho‐mimetic forms of tau‐AC (at Ser324 or Ser356) show markedly reduced oligomerization and seeding propensities. Biophysical analysis reveal that the N‐terminus of tau‐AC facilitates the fibrillization kinetics as a nucleation motif, which becomes sterically shielded through phosphorylation‐induced conformational changes in tau‐AC. Tau‐AC oligomers are efficiently internalized into cells via endocytosis and induced endogenous tau aggregation. In primary hippocampal neurons, tau‐AC impaired axon initial segment plasticity upon chronic depolarization and is mislocalized to the somatodendritic compartments. Furthermore, it is observed significantly impaired memory retrieval in mice intrahippocampally injected with tau‐AC fibrils, which corresponds to the neuropathological staining and neuronal loss in the brain. These findings identify tau‐AC species as a key neuropathological driver in AD, suggesting novel strategies for therapeutic intervention.
Real‐Space Observation of Ligand Hole State in Cubic Perovskite SrFeO3
Authors: Kitou Shunsuke , Gen Masaki , Nakamura Yuiga , Sugimoto Kunihisa , Tokunaga Yusuke , Ishiwata Shintaro , Arima and Taka‐hisa
Published: August 2023

An anomalously high valence state sometimes shows up in transition‐metal oxide compounds. In such systems, holes tend to occupy mainly the ligand p orbitals, giving rise to interesting physical properties such as superconductivity in cuprates and rich magnetic phases in ferrates. However, no one has ever observed the distribution of ligand holes in real space. Here, a successful observation of the spatial distribution of valence electrons in cubic perovskite SrFeO3 by high‐energy X‐ray diffraction experiments and precise electron density analysis using a core differential Fourier synthesis method is reported. A real‐space picture of ligand holes formed by the orbital hybridization of Fe 3d and O 2p is revealed. The anomalous valence state in Fe is attributed to the considerable contribution of the ligand hole, which is related to the metallic nature and the absence of Jahn‐Teller distortions in this system.
Light‐Assisted Energy Storage Devices: Principles, Performance, and Perspectives
Authors: Dong Ximan , Chen Xinyue , Jiang Xin , Yang Nianjun
Published: August 2023

Various energy storage devices are highly demanded by o ur modern society. The use of solar energy, an important green energy source, is extremely attractive for future energy storage. Recently, photo‐assisted energy storage devices have rapidly developed as they efficiently convert and store solar energy, while their configurations are simple and their external energy decline is much reduced. Light‐assisted energy storage devices thus provide a potential way to utilize sunlight at a large scale that is both affordable and limitless. Considering rapid development and emerging problems for photo‐assisted energy storage devices, this review starts with the fundamentals of batteries and supercapacitors and follows with the state‐of‐the‐art photo‐assisted energy storage devices where device components, working principles, types, and practical applications are explained. After the detailed demonstration of some photo‐assisted energy storage devices examples, the bottleneck of such light‐assisted energy storage devices is discussed and the prospects of the light‐assisted rechargeable devices are further outlined.
Accurate Model Parameter Identification to Boost Precise Aging Prediction of Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A Review
Authors: Ding Shicong , Li Yiding , Dai Haifeng , Wang Li , He Xiangming
Published: August 2023

Precise prediction of lithium‐ion cell level aging under various operating conditions is an imperative but challenging part of ensuring the quality performance of emerging applications such as electric vehicles and stationary energy storage systems. Accurate and real‐time battery‐aging prediction models, which require an exact understanding of the degradation mechanisms of battery components and materials, could in turn provide new insights for materials and battery basic research. Furthermore, the primary barrier to meaningful artificial intelligence/machine learning for accelerating the prediction period is the exploitation of accurate aging mechanistic descriptors. This review comprehensively summarizes the evolution of deterioration mechanisms at the material and cell level in different environments and usage scenarios, including the intricate relationships between aging mechanisms, degradation modes, and external influences, which are the cornerstones of modeling simulation and machine learning techniques. Recent advances in electrochemical models coupled with internal battery degradation mechanisms as well as identification and tracking of aging parameters are shown, with particular emphasis on electrode balance and the anticipated trend of machine learning‐assisted reliable remaining useful life prediction. Precise simulation prediction of cell level aging will continue to play an essential role in advanced smart battery research and management, enhancing its performance while shortening experimental sequences.
Toward Full Utilization and Stable Cycling of Polyaniline Cathode for Nonaqueous Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Guo Zhihua , Wang Junxiao , Yu Pu , Li Minle , Huang Liang , Hu Zijun , Wang Yonggang , Song Zhiping
Published: August 2023

Polyaniline is the most famous conducting polymer and also a promising organic cathode material for rechargeable batteries, however, it has demonstrated poor utilization of its theoretical capacity (294 mAh g−1) and inferior cycling stability in previous studies. Herein, for the first time, its fully reduced form, i.e., leucoemeraldine base (LB), is studied as an alternative to the commonly used emeraldine salt and base (ES and EB). For the three different forms, the precise structures are carefully determined, and the electrochemical performance are systematically investigated. Within 2.0−4.3 V, LB realizes almost full capacity utilization (92%) that is much superior to those of ES and EB. Within 2.0−4.2 V, it shows both high reversible capacity (277 mAh g−1) and cycling stability (84% capacity retention after 1000 cycles). The combination of electrochemical analysis, density functional theory calculation, and ex situ characterization reveals that the capacity utilization is positively associated with the pristine proportion of ─NH─ groups, and the capacity fading is caused by the irreversible electrochemical deprotonation at high charge potential. This work promotes both the electrochemical performance and mechanistic understanding of polyaniline to a new stage, towards practical application in energy storage devices as a low‐cost, high‐performance, sustainable, and green cathode material.
Practical Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Who Will Take The Crown?
Authors: Liang Xinghui , Hwang Jang‐Yeon , Sun Yang‐Kook
Published: August 2023

In recent decades, sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have received increasing attention because they offer cost and safety advantages and avoid the challenges related to limited lithium/cobalt/nickel resources and environmental pollution. Because the sodium storage performance and production cost of SIBs are dominated by the cathode performance, developing cathode materials with large‐scale production capacity is the key to achieving commercial applications of SIBs. Therefore, developing host materials with high energy density, long cycling life, low production cost, and high chemical/environmental stability is crucial for implementing advanced SIBs. Among the developed cathode materials for SIBs, O3‐type sodiated transition‐metal oxides have attracted extensive attention owing to their simple synthesis methods, high theoretical specific capacity, and sufficient Na content. However, the relatively large Na‐ion radius leads to sluggish diffusion kinetics and inevitable complex phase transitions during the deintercalation/intercalation process, resulting in poor rate capability and cycling stability. Therefore, this review comprehensively summarizes the research progress and modification strategies for O3‐type cathodes, including the component design, surface modification, and optimization of synthesis methods. This work aims to guide the development of commercial layered oxides and provide technical support for the next generation of energy‐storage systems.
A Medium‐Entropy Phosphate Cathode with Multielectron Redox Reaction for Advanced Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhu Lin , Wang Miaomiao , Xiang Shuang , Sun Dan , Tang Yougen , Wang Haiyan
Published: August 2023

Achieving multi‐sodium storage and high operating voltage is key to boosting energy density of NASICON‐type materials. However, the activation of more redox couples is usually accompanied by asymmetric and irreversible electrochemical reactions, thus causing fast capacity fading. To address this issue, a medium‐entropy concept is proposed, and a novel medium‐entropy Na3Mn2/3V2/3Ti2/3(PO4)3/C@CNTs (ME‐NMVTP) cathode is designed. The as‐prepared ME‐NMVTP achieves a successive redox reaction, delivering a highly reversible specific capacity of 147.9 mA h g−1 at 50 mA g−1 together with a long‐term lifespan of 1000 cycles at 500 mA g−1 (capacity retention of 88.3%), which is superior to low‐entropy cathodes such as Na4MnV(PO4)3/C@CNTs (LE‐NMVP) and Na3MnTi(PO4)3/C@CNTs (LE‐NMTP). Moreover, benefiting from the entropy effect, solid‐solution and biphasic reactions with reversible structure evolution and small volume change are achieved during the multi‐sodium storage process. First‐principles calculation and kinetic analysis results affirm the enhanced electronic conductivity and facilitated Na+ migration of the ME‐NMVTP cathode derived from the synergistic effect of the three transition‐metal elementals in a medium‐entropy crystalline state. The strategy of engineering medium‐entropy to construct cathodes with superior performance is expected to be widely applicable to other electrode materials.
Cu‐Catalyzed Site‐ and Enantioselective Borylcyanation of 1,2‐Disubstituted Aryl Alkenes
Authors: Jie Xiaofeng , Zhao Yingying , Chong Qinglei , Meng Fanke
Published: August 2023

A catalytic chemo‐ and enantioselective generation of secondary benzylic copper complexes from Cu−B(pin) (pin=pinacolato) additions to 1,2‐disubstituted aryl alkenes followed by in situ site selective cyanation at either aryl group or benzylic position to construct multifunctional alkylboron compounds is presented. The method is distinguished by identification of chiral Cu complexes leading to not only high enantioselectivity but also better efficiency compared with achiral catalysts. In addition, an unprecedented mode of cyanation at benzylic site through dearomative isomerization was disclosed. Functionalization of multifunctional alkylboron products provides useful building blocks that are otherwise difficult to access.
Behavioral adjustments of endangered Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) living at the edge of an agricultural landscape in Morocco
Authors: Neves Elisa , Vallet Dominique , Cherkaoui Sidi Imad , Amhaouch Zouhair , Duperron Coline , Ménard Nelly , Le Gouar Pascaline
Published: August 2023

Transition zones between natural and human‐altered spaces are eroding in most terrestrial ecosystems. The persistence of animals in shared landscapes depends in part on their behavioral flexibility, which may involve being able to exploit human agricultural production. As a forest‐dependent species, the Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus) is affected by the progressive conversion of forest‐adjacent lands into crops. We explore how Barbary macaque behavior differs between groups living in a forest at the edge of agricultural zones (hereafter “disturbed groups”) and groups inhabiting undisturbed forests (hereafter “natural groups”). We compare the diets, activity‐budgets, home range sizes, daily path lengths, and sleeping site locations of the groups. We also quantify anthropogenic disturbances (i.e., rates of encounter with humans and dogs) and investigate relationships between such disturbances and the diets and activity budgets of macaques through multiple co‐inertia analysis. Disturbed groups included high proportions of cultivated food items in their diet and encountered over 0.5/h anthropogenic disturbances. Activity‐budgets differed between disturbed and natural groups and were mostly influenced by diets, not anthropogenic disturbances. Disturbed groups spent more time feeding and less time resting than natural ones. Patterns of space use differed markedly between groups, with disturbed groups displaying smaller home ranges, shorter daily path length, and much higher reutilization of sleeping sites than natural groups. This study highlights the dietary and behavioral flexibility of Barbary macaques living in human‐altered environments. Their patterns of space use suggest a reduction in energy expenditure in the disturbed groups due to the inclusion of cultivated food items in their diet possibly leading to increased foraging efficiency. However, the high rates of anthropogenic encounters, including aggressive ones, are likely stressful and may potentially induce extra energy costs and lead to macaque injuries. This could result in demographic costs for crop‐foraging groups, threatening the conservation of this endangered species.
Distinct Patterns of Hippocampal Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease with Transactive Response DNA‐binding Protein 43
Authors: Minogue Grace , Kawles Allegra , Zouridakis Antonia , Keszycki Rachel , Macomber Alyssa , Lubbat Vivienne , Gill Nathan , Mao Qinwen , Flanagan Margaret E. , Zhang Hui , Castellani Rudolph , Bigio Eileen H. , Mesulam M.‐Marsel , Geula Changiz , Gefen Tamar
Published: August 2023

Objective

Age‐related dementia syndromes are often not related to a single pathophysiological process, leading to multiple neuropathologies found at autopsy. An amnestic dementia syndrome can be associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) with comorbid transactive response DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) pathology (AD/TDP). Here, we investigated neuronal integrity and pathological burden of TDP‐43 and tau, along the well‐charted trisynaptic hippocampal circuit (dentate gyrus [DG], CA3, and CA1) in participants with amnestic dementia due to AD/TDP, amnestic dementia due to AD alone, or non‐amnestic dementia due to TDP‐43 proteinopathy associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD‐TDP).

Methods

A total of 48 extensively characterized cases (14 AD, 16 AD/TDP, 18 FTLD‐TDP) were analyzed using digital HALO software (Indica Labs, Albuquerque, NM, USA) to quantify pathological burden and neuronal loss.

Results

In AD/TDP and FTLD‐TDP, TDP‐43 immunoreactivity was greatest in the DG. Tau immunoreactivity was significantly greater in DG and CA3 in AD/TDP compared with pure AD. All clinical groups showed the highest amounts of neurons in DG, followed by CA3, then CA1. The AD and AD/TDP groups showed lower neuronal counts compared with the FTLD‐TDP group across all hippocampal subregions consistent with the salience of the amnestic phenotype.

Interpretation

We conclude that AD/TDP can be distinguished from AD and FTLD‐TDP based on differential regional distributions of hippocampal tau and TDP‐43. Findings suggest that tau aggregation in AD/TDP might be enhanced by TDP‐43. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:1036–1047
Environment‐Responsive Peptide Dimers Bind and Stabilize Double‐Stranded RNA
Authors: McLoughlin Niall M. , Albers Marvin A. , Collado Camps Estel , Paulus Jannik , Ran Youri A. , Neubacher Saskia , Hennig Sven , Brock Roland , Grossmann Tom N.
Published: August 2023

Double‐stranded RNAs (dsRNA) possess immense potential for biomedical applications. However, their therapeutic utility is limited by low stability and poor cellular uptake. Different strategies have been explored to enhance the stability of dsRNA, including the incorporation of modified nucleotides, and the use of diverse carrier systems. Nevertheless, these have not resulted in a broadly applicable approach thereby preventing the wide‐spread application of dsRNA for therapeutic purposes. Herein, we report the design of dimeric stapled peptides based on the RNA‐binding protein TAV2b. These dimers are obtained via disulfide formation and mimic the natural TAV2b assembly. They bind and stabilize dsRNA in the presence of serum, protecting it from degradation. In addition, peptide binding also promotes cellular uptake of dsRNA. Importantly, peptide dimers monomerize under reducing conditions which results in a loss of RNA binding. These findings highlight the potential of peptide‐based RNA binders for the stabilization and protection of dsRNA, representing an appealing strategy towards the environment‐triggered release of RNA. This can broaden the applicability of dsRNA, such as short interfering RNAs (siRNA), for therapeutic applications.
Catalytic Synthesis of β‐(Hetero)arylethylamines: Modern Strategies and Advances
Authors: Pozhydaiev Valentyn , Muller Cyprien , Moran Joseph , Lebœuf David
Published: August 2023

β‐(Hetero)arylethylamines appear in a myriad of pharmaceuticals due to their broad spectrum of biological properties, making them prime candidates for drug discovery. Conventional methods for their preparation often require engineered substrates that limit the flexibility of the synthetic routes and the diversity of compounds that can be accessed. Consequently, methods that provide rapid and versatile access to those scaffolds remain limited. To overcome these challenges, synthetic chemists have designed innovative and modular strategies to access the β‐(hetero)arylethylamine motif, paving the way for their more extensive use in future pharmaceuticals. This review outlines recent progresses in the synthesis of (hetero)arylethylamines and emphasizes how these innovations have enabled new levels of molecular complexity, selectivity, and practicality.
Asymmetric Allenylation of Alkynes mediated by Chiral Organoselenated Reagents under Oxidative Conditions
Authors: Sun Rongyu , Viaud Emilie , Nomula Rajesh , Naubron Jean‐Valère , Daugey Nicolas , Buffeteau Thierry , Castet Frédéric , Toullec Patrick Y. , Quideau Stéphane , Peixoto Philippe A.
Published: August 2023

The reactivity of novel chiral lactamide‐substituted diselenide‐based reagents under oxidative conditions was exploited to develop a metal‐free method for the preparation of enantioenriched allenylamides from simple alkynes in good yields, and with enantiomeric excesses up to 99 %. The key of the success in this method is attributed to the hydrogen‐bonded lactamide appendages that ensure configurational stability of chiral vinyl selenoxide intermediates for an optimal enantiotopic β‐syn‐elimination step.
Molecular simulation on the mechanical and thermal properties of modified insulating paper cellulose doped with trapezoidal polyphenylsesquisiloxane at different temperature
Authors: Zeng Zhenglin , Su Ziming , Wang Shumin , Wang Zuhao , Tang Chao
Published: August 2023

With the further development of the transmission and distribution network, the requirements for the insulating system of power equipment are further deepened. As one of the important factors, insulating paper is of great value to improve its performance. The pure cellulose model and trapezoidal polyphenylsesquisiloxane (T‐PPSQ) composite model are established to analyze the mechanical and thermal properties of insulating paper cellulose. The effects of T‐PPSQ doping at different temperature on properties of cellulose are investigated by comparing the radial distribution function, mechanical parameters, glass transition temperature, mean square displacement (MSD), and free volume fraction (FVF) through molecular dynamics method. The results show that T‐PPSQ can improve the ability of cellulose to resist shear stress at different temperatures, showing good mechanical properties. When the temperature is 423 K, the mechanical performance parameters elastic modulus, bulk modulus and shear modulus can be increased by 47.2%, 18.2%, and 38.56% at most. The glass transition temperature of the insulating paper cellulose with T‐PPSQ increases by 64 K, the MSD and the FVF all decrease at different temperature which demonstrated it has improved thermal stability. The research in this paper is of great significance for improving the life of the insulating system of power equipment.
Ecological risk assessment in the southern Indian Ocean: Towards better seabird bycatch mitigation
Authors: Reid Keith , Baker G. Barry , Delord Karine
Published: August 2023

Fisheries bycatch has been identified as the most serious threat to many seabird species and there is an increasing awareness of the responsibility of fisheries management bodies to include the impact on non‐target species in their management and regulatory frameworks.

In 2022, an ecological risk assessment (ERA) for seabirds and fisheries was presented to the Scientific Committee of the Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA). This ERA identified 32 seabird species that regularly occurred in the SIOFA Area, of which 11 were determined as being at high risk. This high‐risk group included 10 albatross species that have the greatest likelihood of interacting with SIOFA managed fisheries in Subareas 1, 2 and 3b (west of 40° E) where they overlap with the pelagic longline fishery.

Although the pelagic longline fishery for Ruvettus pretiosus is the largest fishery under the auspices of SIOFA, in terms of catch and number of vessels, the existing management measures of SIOFA focused on demersal fisheries and did not include any mitigation requirements for pelagic longlines. In response to the outcomes of the ERA, a proposed amendment to SIOFA's management measures was presented by France to the Meeting of Parties of SIOFA and led to the revision of SIOFA's seabird bycatch mitigation measures in respect of pelagic longlines, making them consistent with those agreed by the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission.

Regulatory diffusion, the increased likelihood of adoption of regulation by one agency if that regulation has been adopted by another agency, contributed to the relatively rapid transition from the identification of the risk posed by pelagic longline vessels to the change in regulations to address those risks in SIOFA.
Biological evaluation of [4‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐1‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐1H‐pyrrol‐3‐yl](3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)methanone as potential antineoplastic agent in 2D and 3D breast cancer models
Authors: Mazzoccoli Carmela , Crispo Fabiana , Laurenzana Ilaria , Pietrafesa Michele , Sisinni Lorenza , Lerose Rosa , Telesca Donatella , Milella Maria R. , Liu Te , Della Sala Gerardo , Sebastiani Jessica , Silvestri Romano , La Regina Giuseppe
Published: August 2023

Targeting tubulin polymerization and depolymerization represents a promising approach to treat solid tumors. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of a structurally novel tubulin inhibitor, [4‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐1‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐1H‐pyrrol‐3‐yl](3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)methanone (ARDAP), in two‐ and three‐dimensional MCF‐7 breast cancer models. At sub‐cytotoxic concentrations, ARDAP showed a marked decrease in cell proliferation, colony formation, and ATP intracellular content in MCF‐7 cells, by acting through a cytostatic mechanism. Additionally, drug exposure caused blockage of the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). In 3D cell culture, ARDAP negatively affected tumor spheroid growth, with inhibition of spheroid formation and reduction of ATP concentration levels. Notably, ARDAP exposure promoted the differentiation of MCF‐7 cells by inducing: (i) expression decrease of Oct4 and Sox2 stemness markers, both in 2D and 3D models, and (ii) downregulation of the stem cell surface marker CD133 in 2D cell cultures. Interestingly, treated MCF7 cells displayed a major sensitivity to cytotoxic effects of the conventional chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. In addition, although exhibiting growth inhibitory effects against breast cancer cells, ARDAP showed insignificant harm to MCF10A healthy cells. Collectively, our results highlight the potential of ARDAP to emerge as a new chemotherapeutic agent or adjuvant compound in chemotherapeutic treatments.
Beyond Molecular Recognition: A Perylene Bisimide Derivative as a Functional Mimic of Chlorpyrifos
Authors: Devi Minakshi , Sharma Pooja , Sharma Neha , Kaur Satwinderjeet , Devi Meena , Kaur Sanehdeep , Sharma Kavita , Raghav Neera , Singh Lovedeep , Bhatti Rajbir , Kumar Manoj , Bhalla Vandana
Published: August 2023

Supramolecular assemblies of perylene bisimide derivative (PBI‐SAH) have been developed which show ‘turn‐on’ detection of chlorpyrifos in aqueous media, apple residue and blood serum. Differently from the already reported fluorescent probes for the detection of CPF, PBI‐SAH assemblies also show affinity for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) which endow the PBI‐SAH molecules with mixed inhibitory potential to restrict the AChE catalysed hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine (ATCh) in MG‐63 cell lines (in vitro) and in mice (in vivo). The molecular docking studies support the inhibitory activity of PBI‐SAH assemblies and their potential to act as safe insecticide with high benefit to harm ratio. The insecticidal potential of PBI‐SAH derivative has been examined against Spodoptera litura (S. litura) and these studies demonstrate its excellent insecticidal activity (100 % mortality in nineteen days). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report regarding development of PBI‐SAH assemblies which not only detect chlorpyrifos but also mimic AChE inhibitory activity of CPF to show promising aptitude as safe insecticide.
A PSCLC Pattern Prepared Based on Handedness Inversion for Anti‐counterfeiting
Authors: Zhao Jinghua , Yu Runwei , Wu Limin , Li Yi , Liu Wei , Yang Yonggang
Published: August 2023

Handedness inversion has been widely studied in supramolecular chemistry and material sciences. Herein, a photoisomerizable chiral dopant was synthesized, which could induce the formation of a cholesteric phase with right‐handedness. The Bragg reflection band of the cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) mixture shifted to the long wavelength with extending 365 nm UV light irradiation time. Based on this photochromic property, a colourful polymer‐stabilized CLC (PSCLC) film was prepared using a grayscale mask. A handedness reversible CLC mixture was prepared using a mixture of this chiral dopant and S5011. With extending the UV light irradiation time, the handedness of the CLC mixture changed from right‐ to left‐handedness. A patterned PSCLC film was prepared using this CLC mixture. Complementary images were observed under right‐ and left‐handedness circularly polarized lights. The results shown here not only give us a better understanding the competition between photopolymerization and photoisomerization, but also lay the foundations for decoration and anti‐counterfeiting.
The application of electrosprayed minocycline‐loaded PLGA microparticles for the treatment of glioblastoma
Authors: Arriaga Marco A. , Amieva Juan A. , Quintanilla Jaqueline , Jimenez Angela , Ledezma Julio , Lopez Silverio , Martirosyan Karen S. , Chew Sue Anne
Published: August 2023

The survival of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common and invasive form of malignant brain tumors, remains poor despite advances in current treatment methods including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Minocycline is a semi‐synthetic tetracycline derivative that has been widely used as an antibiotic and more recently, it has been utilized as an antiangiogenic factor to inhibit tumorigenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate the utilization of electrospraying process to fabricate minocycline‐loaded poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles with high drug loading and loading efficiency and to evaluate their ability to induce cell toxicity in human glioblastoma (i.e., U87‐MG) cells. The results from this study demonstrated that solvent mixture of dicholoromethane (DCM) and methanol is the optimal solvent combination for minocycline and larger amount of methanol (i.e., 70:30) resulted in a higher drug loading. All three solvent ratios of DCM:methanol tested produced microparticles that were both spherical and smooth, all in the micron size range. The electrosprayed microparticles were able to elicit a cytotoxic response in U87‐MG glioblastoma cells at a lower concentration of drug compared to the free drug. This work provides proof of concept to the hypothesis that electrosprayed minocycline‐loaded PLGA microparticles can be a promising agent for the treatment of GBM and could have potential application for cancer therapies.
Occupational health and safety management policies and employee quality of life in developing countries: Insights from Ghana
Authors: Atarah Bede Akorige , Frimpong Naana , Ahwireng Patience Obeng
Published: August 2023

This study explores the formulation and implementation of occupational health and safety management (OHSM) policies by multinational manufacturing firms operating in sub‐Saharan Africa and how they influence employees' quality of life (QOL). We used Afrifoods (pseudonym), a food manufacturing multinational company in Ghana as a case. Gathering qualitative data through interviews, focus group discussions, and archival sources, we found that despite the prevailing institutional deficiencies in sub‐Saharan African countries especially in ensuring the implementation of health and safety policies, food manufacturing multinational companies formulate and implement health and safety policies. And, the high rates of unemployment notwithstanding, employees of manufacturing companies prioritize safe and healthy working environment and consider it the first and most important attribute of their QOL. Employees also consider being able to provide their family needs as well as being recognized for the efforts expended at work as other determinants of their QOL. Multinational firms operating or intending to go into sub‐Saharan Africa should consider health and safety policies as indispensable in their business strategy formulation, if they wish to get the maximum benefit from their employees. Governments must also intensify monitoring to ensure firms' compliance with national health and safety laws at their work sites.
Determinants of social innovation in hybrid organisations: The moderating role of technology readiness
Authors: Erdiaw‐Kwasie Michael Odei , Abunyewah Matthew
Published: August 2023

A balance between economic, social, and ecological performance has emerged as a key concern for organisations around the world. The modern era emphasises achieving eco‐friendly business outcomes to drive social needs along with higher financial performance. However, hybrid organisations in developing countries frequently progress in ecological and economic terms but struggle with social innovation. Based on this backdrop, this study aimed to investigate whether or not technological readiness, organisational learning, transformational leadership, and sustainability orientation influence social innovation within hybrid organisations. Data from 447 hybrid organisations in Ghana are used in the study. Study findings reveal that transformational leadership promotes social innovation among hybrid enterprises, while sustainability orientation decreases it significantly. Technology readiness also reduced the social outcome associated with sustainability orientation by moderating their negative effects. To maximise social innovation outcomes, this study recommends managers of hybrid organisations to adopt policies regarding the efficient use of internal resources and processes through technological readiness. Furthermore, the organisation's future learning processes, leadership structures, and sustainability orientation policies should be aligned with its social innovation goals.
Clinical characteristics of malignant germ cell tumors in adolescents: A multicenter 10‐year retrospective study in Beijing
Authors: Zhao Qian , Li Miao , Sun Qing , Zhi Tian , Jin Mei , Zhao Wen , Wang Xisi , Duan Chao , Ma Xiaoli , Wu Wanshui , Zhao Weihong , Huang Dongsheng , Su Yan
Published: August 2023

Background

The aim of this study was to review clinical features of adolescent malignant germ cell tumors (MGCTs) in Beijing and analyze the peculiar characteristics of this age group.

Methods

Clinical characteristics, pathological presentations, and survival outcomes of 34 patients were analyzed retrospectively.

Results

Of 34 patients, 12 girls and 22 boys, 18 (52.9%) had an extra‐cranial tumor, including one testicular tumor, five ovarian tumors, one sacrococcygeal tumor, and 11 mediastinal tumors. Histologically, we found immature teratomas (n = 6), yolk sac tumors (n = 5), mixed malignant tumors (n = 5), an embryonic carcinoma (n = 1), and seminoma (n = 1). Three‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 48.8% and 62.9%, respectively. Another 16 (47.1%) patients had an intracranial tumor, including nine in the pineal region, five in the suprasellar region, one in basal ganglia, and one in cerebellopontine. All patients had localized disease and an excellent outcome with 3‐year EFS and OS of 93.7% and 100%, respectively.

Conclusions

Adolescent MGCTs are rare with a strong dependence on gender, and the mediastina and pineal region are the most common tumor locations. The prognosis is promising compared with that of other adolescent tumors and MGCTs in other age groups. MGCTs in mediastina have a tendency to companion with other hematological malignancies, and the prognosis is extremely poor in these patients.
Synthesis, in Silico Study and Biological Evaluation of N‐(Benzothiazol/Thiazol‐2‐yl)benzamide Derivatives as Quorum Sensing Inhibitors against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Sharma Nikhil , Srivastava Namita , Kaushal Ashutosh , Das Bhanuranjan , Vashistha Aditi , Kumar Lokender , Kumar Rajnish , Kumar Yadav Ashok
Published: August 2023

The development of bacterial resistance to chemical therapy poses a severe danger to efficacy of treating bacterial infections. One of the key factors for resistance to antimicrobial medications is growth of bacteria in biofilm. Quorum sensing (QS) inhibition was created as an alternative treatment by developing novel anti‐biofilm medicines. Cell‐cell communication is impeded by QS inhibition, which targets QS signaling pathway. The goal of this work is to develop newer drugs that are effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa by decreasing QS and acting as anti‐biofilm agents. In this investigation, N‐(benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl)benzamide/N‐(thiazol‐2‐yl)benzamide derivatives 3a‐h were designed and synthesized in good yields. Further, molecular docking analyses revealed that binding affinity values were founded −11.2 to −7.6 kcal/mol that were moderate to good. The physicochemical properties of these prepared compounds were investigated through in‐silico method. Molecular dynamic simulation was also used to know better understanding of stability of the protein and ligand complex. Comparing N‐(benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl)benzamide 3a to salicylic acid (4.40±0.10) that was utilised as standard for quorum sensing inhibitor, the anti‐QS action was found greater for N‐(benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl)benzamide 3a (4.67±0.45) than salicylic acid (4.40±0.10). Overall, research results suggested that N‐(benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl)benzamide/N‐(thiazol‐2‐yl)benzamide derivatives 3a‐h may hold to develop new quorum sensing inhibitors.
Xiebai Zengye decoction improves respiratory function and attenuates inflammation in juvenile rats with postinfection cough via regulating ERK signaling pathway
Authors: Luo Jing , Deng Yijue , Ding Yi , Tang Chenguang , Wang Mengqing
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to determine the effects of Xiebai Zengye decoction (XBZY) on airway inflammation and respiratory function in rats with postinfectious cough (PIC), and its regulatory effects on the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Compared with the normal group, the rats from the PIC group had significantly shortened expiratory time (TE) and enhanced pause (EEP), increased resistance (RT), and enhanced pause (Penh), along with increased levels of serum interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) and IL‐6, and decreased levels of IL‐10. The lung and colon tissues of rats from the PIC group showed histopathological changes, including inflammatory cell infiltration, damaged mucosal epithelium, and crypt structure, with significantly increased ERK mRNA and protein expression levels. Treatment with XBZY and montelukast sodium (MAS) improved the respiratory function and serum cytokine levels, reduced tissue inflammation, and decreased ERK mRNA and protein expression levels in the lung and colon tissues. In the lung tissues, XBZY treatment significantly decreased the expression of phosphorylated‐ERK (p‐ERK) protein, as well as p‐MEK1/2, p‐ERK1/2, and p‐c‐Fos proteins, while in the colon tissues, XBZY significantly decreased the expression of p‐ERK1/2 and p‐c‐Fos proteins. However, MAS treatment only showed significant improvement in the lung tissue inflammation score, and the expression level of p‐ERK protein in the lung tissue was decreased. In conclusion, the present study suggests that XBZY has a potential therapeutic effect on PIC by improving respiratory function and attenuating inflammation, and this effect may be associated with the inhibition of the ERK signaling pathway. These findings could provide a new direction for the development of treatments for PIC. However, further research is needed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of XBZY and to confirm its safety and efficacy in clinical trials.
The World Health Organization classification of pancreaticobiliary cytopathology stratifies risk of malignancy and outcome for endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration of the pancreas
Authors: Lui Shu Kwun , Hargett Imani , Pharaa Zaynab , Aviles Mariela , Botelho Stephany , Feliciano Dominique L. , Kim Veronica , Sigel Keith , Armstrong Misha , Wilson Christina E. , Shah Pari , Soares Kevin , Sigel Carlie
Published: August 2023

Background

The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently published a classification for reporting pancreaticobiliary cytopathology with differences compared to the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology (PSC) classification.

Methods

Retrospective data were collected from pancreatic endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspirations from 2014 to 2017 at a pancreatic cancer center. Absolute risk of malignancy (AROM), relative risk (to benign), performance characteristics, and overall survival were calculated for the entire cohort with comparison of cysts and solid lesions.

Results

In total, 2562 cases were included: 16% cyst (n = 411) and 84% solid (n = 2151). The histologic confirmation rate was 43% (n = 1101) and the median follow‐up (for benign) was 56 months. For WHO I–VII, overall AROM (%) was 23, 22, 62, 13, 65, 97, and 100; cyst AROM was 7, 0, 19, 13, 38, 78, and 100; and solid AROM was 50, 29, 70, 15, 100, 99, and 100. For PSC I–VI, overall AROM (%) was 23, 29, 64, 0 (IVa), 60 (IVb), 97, and 100; cyst AROM was 7, 0, 19, 0, 21, 78, and 100; and solid AROM was 50, 35, 73, 0, 92, 99, and 100. The difference in relative risk for a cyst (vs. solid) overall was 0.38 for WHO and 0.26 for PSC. WHO and PSC categories showed stratification for the probability of overall survival.

Conclusions

Cystic versus solid lesion type can dramatically affect AROM, particularly for nondiagnostic (I), benign (II), atypical (III), and WHO V categories. WHO IV conveys a similarly low AROM for cystic and solid types. Both classifications stratify the probability of overall survival, including the newly introduced categories WHO IV and WHO V.
The uterine adenosarcoma with postoperative residual in a woman treated by total abdominal hysterectomy/bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Fadavi Pedram , Garousi Maryam , Soltani Sepideh , Montazer Fatemeh , Abolhasani Maryam , Asgari Salar , Mirzaee Elahe
Published: August 2023

Background

In patients with uterine adenosarcoma, a total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) with bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy (BSO) is typically recommended as an initial treatment. There is no consensus on adjuvant therapies.

Case

We report the case of a patient with uterine adenosarcoma with postoperative residual disease. We performed four courses of adjuvant chemotherapy, including Ifosfamide, Mesna, and Adriamycin, and whole pelvic radiation with a dose of 50.4 Gy/28 Fr.

Conclusion

A combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy may be a promising treatment option for uterine adenosarcoma with postoperative residual disease.
Competitive performance as a discriminator of doping status in elite athletes
Authors: Hopker James G. , Griffin Jim E. , Hinoveanu Laurentiu C. , Saugy Jonas , Faiss Raphael
Published: August 2023

As the aim of any doping regime is to improve sporting performance, it has been suggested that analysis of athlete competitive results might be informative in identifying those at greater risk of doping. This research study aimed to investigate the utility of a statistical performance model to discriminate between athletes who have a previous anti‐doping rule violation (ADRV) and those who do not. We analysed performances of male and female 100 and 800 m runners obtained from the World Athletics database using a Bayesian spline model. Measures of unusual improvement in performance were quantified by comparing the yearly change in athlete's performance (delta excess performance) to quantiles of performance in their age‐matched peers from the database population. The discriminative ability of these measures was investigated using the area under the ROC curve (AUC) with the 55%, 75% and 90% quantiles of the population performance. The highest AUC values across age were identified for the model with a 75% quantile (AUC = 0.78–0.80). The results of this study demonstrate that delta excess performance was able to discriminate between athletes with and without ADRVs and therefore could be used to assist in the risk stratification of athletes for anti‐doping purposes.
High‐Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Sol–Gel‐Processed Sliver‐Doped NiOX Hole Transporting Layer
Authors: Wang Haibin , Qin Zhiyin , Li XinJian , Zhao Chun , Liang Chao
Published: August 2023

Nickel oxide (NiOX) has been established as a highly efficient and stable hole‐transporting layer (HTL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, existing deposition methods for NiOX have been restricted by high‐vacuum processes and fail to address the energy level mismatch at the NiOX/perovskite interface, which has impeded the development of PSCs. Accordingly, we explored the application of NiOX as a hybrid HTL through a sol–gel process, where a NiOX film was pre‐doped with Ag ions, forming a p/p+ homojunction in the NiOX‐based inverted PSCs. This innovative approach offers two synergistic advantages, including the enlargement of the built‐in electric field for facilitating charge separation, optimizing energy level alignment, and charge transfer efficiency at the interface between the perovskite and HTL. Incorporating this hybrid HTL featuring the p/p+ homojunction in the inverted PSCs resulted in a high‐power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 19.25%, significantly narrowing the efficiency gap compared to traditional n‐i‐p devices. Furthermore, this innovative strategy for the HTL enhanced the environmental stability to 30 days, maintaining 90% of the initial efficiency.
Value recovery from waste in the processing of buckwheat: Opportunities for a circular bioeconomy
Authors: Gonçalves Mary Ane Aparecida , Salvador Rodrigo , de Francisco Antonio Carlos , Piekarski Cassiano Moro
Published: August 2023

In the processing of buckwheat to produce flour, wastes account for approximately 20% of the whole grain. This article points out the potential routes for value recovery of the waste obtained in the processing of buckwheat during the production of flour, thus fomenting a circular bioeconomy. To that end, the following steps were taken: (a) characterizing the processing of buckwheat for flour production and the wastes generated; (b) listing existing actions for different uses of the wastes obtained in the processing of buckwheat; (c) categorizing the uses of buckwheat wastes according to the existing literature; and (d) classifying the potential uses of the wastes obtained in the processing of buckwheat within the categories identified. Buckwheat wastes can be used to produce goods in the sectors of fertilizers; food; chemical; pharmaceutical; fabrics, yarns, and threads; cements and asbestos; hygiene and personal products; and other products. Food (human and animal) products presented the greatest market attractiveness, followed by pharmaceutical products. However, potential for innovation considering the sectors' revenue point out that food and chemical products are the most promising. This study provides guidance on how to use innovation to guide opportunities for a more circular bioeconomy toward both environmental and economic benefits.
Pistacia lentiscus L. vegetable oil: Physicochemical quality, composition and antibacterial capacity
Authors: Djebari Sabrina , Wrona Magdalena , Boudria Asma , Madani Khodir , Nerin Cristina
Published: August 2023

Recently, there has been a growing interest in natural products of plant origin as herbal remedies. In this study, the profile of bioactive volatile organic compounds and odorous compounds in a sample of Pistacia lentiscus L. vegetable oil has been determined. The study indicated that the oil extraction yield is influenced by the method, the extraction conditions, the stage of maturity of plant and the sampling area. Analysis by HS‐SPME‐GC–MS and GC–MS showed that monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes represent the most numerous groups among the 57 compounds identified. The most abundant compounds are beta‐myrcene, d‐limonene and linoleic acid ethyl ester. Among other compounds humulene, caryophyllene, a‐muurolene and copaene have been detected known for facilitating wound healing. Moreover, β‐caryophyllene and α‐humulene with anti‐inflammatory effects have been determined. 38 different odorous compounds with herbal, citrus and vegetable aromas were detected by panellists using HS‐SPME‐GC‐O‐MS. Research confirmed that the analysed samples have only pleasant aromas that make it a perfect active agent for medicinal use and may gain acceptance of consumers.