bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceptions by Special Education Personnel on the Training and the Effectiveness of School Psychologists
Authors:   , Nicholson Cherie
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of special education teachers and personnel concerning their interactions with school psychologists. The subjects were chosen from a rural southwest Kansas educational cooperative. Demographic information was requested of all respondents. This information consisted of gender, years of experience in education, categorical area of exceptionality, e.g., learning disabilities, behavior disorders or area of responsibility, i.e., administration. The respondents, using a questionnaire made their choices by marking a Likert category demonstrating level of satisfaction for 14 statements. The results of this study provided two forms of information. Answers to the questions indicated that school psychologists, in general, should have at least two years of teaching experience preferably in a special education field; should provide useful information to parents, administrators, and teachers; and have an undergraduate degree in elementary or secondary education. Anecdotal information indicated contrary findings that respondents frequently suggest psychologists be more of a team member, spend more time talking to teachers and administrators, and explain test results in a manner to be understood by parents.
Effects of Schedule Format Changes : Traditional to Modified Block
Authors:   , Haneke Deborah
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate the effects of the implementation of a modified block schedule in a Junior/Senior High School setting. The sample size included 152 subjects. The independent variables investigated included gender, grade classification, socioeconomic status, academic achievement, and type of schedule. The dependent variables were reflected in scores from a School Satisfaction Questionnaire, compilation of attendance statistics, and performance in the classroom as measured by grade point average (GPA). Covariant measures used included total battery raw scores from the California Test of Basic Skills, composite raw scores from the 1995 PLAN test, Academic Ability standard scores from the 1995 ASVAB test, grade point average (GPA) from the 1994-1995 academic school year, and attendance from the 1994-1995 academic school year. Thirteen composite null hypotheses were tested at the .05 level. Ten composite null hypotheses were tested with analysis of covariance. Three composite null hypotheses were tested using three-way analysis of variance. One post hoc composite null hypothesis was tested with analysis of covariance. A total of 25 comparisons were made plus 7 recurring. Of the 25 comparisons, 15 were for main effects and 10 were interactions. Of the 15 main effects 5 were statistically significant at the .05 level. Of the 10 interactions none were statistically significant at the .05 level. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: 1. Modified Block Scheduling was more effective in terms of grade point average for 8th & 9th grade female students than 8th and 9th grade male students, 2. Modified Block Scheduling was more effective in terms of grade point average for 8th and 9th grade students who paid full price for school lunches than for 8th and 9th grade students who received reduced or free lunches, 3. Modified Block Scheduling was more effective in terms of grade point average for 11th grade male students than for 11th grade female students, 4. Modified Block Scheduling was more effective in terms of grade point average for 11th and 12th grade students than for 8th and 9th grade students, 5. Modified Block Scheduling was more effective in terms of grade point average for 10th grade students than for 9th grade students, and 6. Modified Block Scheduling was more effective in terms of attendance for 8th, 9th and 10th grade students than for 12th grade students.
An Ecological Study of The Pocket Gopher In An Sandy Loam Area of Ellis County, Kansas.
Authors:   , Mosier Benjamin
Published: February 2023

This thesis is an ecological study of the pocket gopher in a sandy loam area of Ellis County, Kansas.
A Critical Study of The Plays of Maxwell Anderson
Authors:   , Bergland Maurine
Published: February 2023

This thesis is a survey of the life and writings of American playwright, Maxwell Anderson.
No Ordinary Times: Reason For and Reactions During the First Red Scare.
Authors:   , Setter Timothy
Published: February 2023

With American involvement in World War I a drastic change in United States domestic policy occurred. Through the use of wartime Espionage and Sedition Acts came the tool to begin a campaign of suppression of political radicals. This came as the compounding of earlier events like the Los Angeles Times bombing in 1910 occurred with a campaign of anarchist bombings, a growing number of strikes, and wartime propaganda created a setting allowing for government officials to carry out raids, arrests, and both a censoring and punishment of speech. Between the actions of groups and government officials this caused an escalation of events from 1914 through 1920 before finally dissipating as public support for policies and officials waned. The Red Scare was finally over when a bombing of Wall Street did not even reignite hysteria that had ravaged the previous years. \r This thesis examines the both the causes for and actions during the First Red Scare on transnational, national, state, local, and individual levels. Through these various levels there is a transitioning from the traditional heavily focused narratives and events of the United States East Coast, to a larger national, yet more personal focused analysis. Within these varying levels of examination is an analysis of categories such as race, economics, gender, and other factors and the evolution of their repression throughout the Red Scare. By doing so, it shows that World War I provided the definitive turning point as it shifted repression and hatred and allowed for it to be acted upon by both the United States government and its citizens largely with impunity.
Cross Transfer Effects Utilizing a Unilateral Maximal Isometric Strength Measurement Schedule
Authors:   , Williams Dale
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of strength transferred to the unexercised contralateral wrist flexor muscle group utilizing a unilateral maximal isometric strength measurement schedule with college men. Twenty right-handed male college freshmen were selected as subjects for this study. A cable tensiometer and associated equipment was utilized as the measuring instrument for maximal isometric strength of the wrist flexor muscles. Each subject was given a pre-test to obtain the initial strength of each wrist flexor muscle group. Following the pre-test a fourteen-day interval was allowed, during which the subjects were placed into two matched groups on the basis of their total pre-test scores. Group “A” was measured with the left hand first for five consecutive days and subsequently with the right hand for five consecutive days. Group \B” was measured in reverse order, right hand to left hand. A two-day rest period separated the five day unilateral measurement programs. All daily treatments consisted of five trials maximal one minute apart, and took place between the time of 10:00 A.M. and 12:00 Noon. The t-test for paired observations resulted in non-significant t's between the pre- test mean scores and the day one mean scores in all four unilateral measurement programs. The treatments by subject’s analysis of variance design resulted in only the left hand of group \A\ demonstrating a statistically significant strength change. In this unilateral program only day one differed significantly from days two, four, and five. As non-significant t’s occurred between the pre-test mean scores and the day one mean scores of the second measured hand, it was concluded that no cross transfer of strength occurred. On the basis of the data and within the limitations of this study the following conclusions seem warranted: 1. the repeated maximal isometric measurement schedules of short duration are satisfactory in a reliability sense for measuring the maximal strength of the wrist flexor muscles in a test re-test situation fourteen days apart. 2. The repeated maximal isometric measurement schedules are not capable of eliciting significant increases in strength potentialities of the exercised muscles during a five day measurement program. 3. No transfer effects of strength potentialities to the contralateral limb resulted as the exercised muscle group itself failed to demonstrate a significant increase in exerted strength.
The Effects of Odor Cues on Spontaneous Alternation
Authors:   , Robbins Stephen
Published: February 2023

Spontaneous alternation (SA) in the rat is a behavioral phenomenon which can be best described by using a simple example. It has been repeatedly demonstrated that a rat, running successive trials in a simple two choice maze, such as a T maze, in which both choices are equally desirable, will consistently show a strong tendency to change its choice from trial to trial (Glanzer, 1953).
The Effects Of Environmental Variability And Latitude On Breeding Behaviors and Life History Traits Of Aves In North America
Authors:   , Tharman Elizabeth
Published: February 2023

Breeding systems among Aves have garnered attention in the last several decades as many species considered monogamous have been found to exhibit an alternative breeding system such as polygyny, polyandry, cooperative breeding, or colonial nesting. My thesis focuses on assessing the correlations between type of breeding system and resource availability by using environmental variables as proxy variables. It also assess the correlations between life history trait variables and environmental variables. Both breeding system and life history traits are analyzed at the species and population levels while controlling for phylogenetic relationships and geographic location when appropriate. Breeding system among species was not significantly influenced by environmental variables or latitude. Breeding system within species was significantly influenced by environmental variables for the House Wren (Troglodytes aedon) for the variables mean annual temperature and mean temperature during the driest quarter. Life history traits among species were significantly correlated to environmental variables for clutch size and fledging but not for parental care. Life history traits within species were significantly correlated to environmental variables for the Bewick’s wren (Thryomanes bewickii) and marginally significantly correlated to environmental variables for the Brown-headed Nuthatch (Sitta pusilla) when geographic distance between populations was controlled.
The Story of The Central Normal College
Authors:   , Unruh Alice
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this thesis is to give the story of the Central Normal College at Great Bend from, 1886 to 1902. The idea of such a school took form and grew under the direction of a few people who anticipated the needs and desires of the pioneer settlers.
The Comparative Ability of a Test of Visual Perception and Measures of a Readiness Test of Kindergarten Children
Authors:   , Spomer Esther
Published: February 2023

This study was designed to compare the ability of the Metropolitan Readiness Test Form R subtests 4 and 6 and the Frostig Developmental Test of Visual Perception to measure visual-motor abilities in kindergarten children. By virtue of their scores all sub tests 4 and 6 of the Metropolitan Readiness Test, the children were dichotomized into High and Low groups and tested on the Frostig Developmental Test of Visual Perception. The results of the t test indicated a significant, positive relationship between the scores made all the two tests, a significant difference between the performance of the two groups on the total Frostig, and a significant difference on each of the five Frostig subtests. However, contrary to other reported findings, the t test did not show age to be a contributing factor to performance nor did the X2 [squared] test yield a significant difference in performance between the boys and the girls on the Frostig Development Test of Visual Perception. It was concluded that subtests 4 and 6 of the Metropolitan Readiness Test and the Frostig Developmental Test of Visual Perception are able to place children in the same groups, and that measurement s on one test might be able to predict measurements on the other. It was further concluded that age and sex do not appear to be contributing factors to performance on the Frostig Developmental Test of Visual Perception.
The Effect of an Art Therapy Program on the Self-Concept of Behavior Disordered Middle School Students
Authors:   , Harvey Linda
Published: February 2023

This study investigated the effects of an art therapy program on the self-concept of behavior disordered middle school students. It was found that an art therapy program did make a significant contribution to the subjects' positive self-concept. Five students were chosen on the basis of being placed in a self-contained behavior disorders classroom and having a current Individualized Education Plan (I.E.P.) In effect. The students were involved in an art therapy program covering 9 weeks made up of 16 sessions using simple materials and techniques that can be used in the classroom. It was hypothesized that the students would demonstrate a higher level of self-esteem after the intervention by a comparison using the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scales for Children as the measuring instrument. The results of this study Indicate that there is a correlation between art therapy interventions and an increase in a positive self-concept. Recommendations for further research with a larger population were given.
A Study of the Relationship Between Criteria of Quality and Teachers' Salaries in the Ten Kansas School Districts with Enrollments of Three Thousand to Four Thousand Pupils
Authors:   , Kessler Betty
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the field study was to determine the relationship between criteria of quality (COQ) and teachers' salaries in the ten Kansas school districts with enrollments of three thousand to four thousand pupils. The COQ variable in the Kansas foundation formula is one of the major determining factors in computing the amount of state aid a district will receive. The COQ is determined by the years of experience (maximum fifteen years per teacher) and the college semester hours of preparation (maximum 210 hours per teacher) of all certificated employees of the district. The information necessary for the conduct of the study was obtained from the Statistical Services Section of the State Department of Education and from superintendents of the school districts included in the study. All information used pertains to the 1969-70 school year. [More in manuscript]
The Ability of Selected Students to Identify Biological Principles and Facts
Authors:   , Ring Vincent
Published: February 2023

The purposes of this study were (1) to determine the degree to which students could identify statements of biological principles and statements of biological fact; (2) to determine any relationships which might exist between the ability of students to distinguish between biological principles and facts and the size of school they attended; (3) to relate the performance on an experimental test to the completion of a course in high school biology.
Paradigms
Authors:   , Oiler Brad
Published: February 2023

The design process for me is a study in practical aesthetics and research. Knowing the rules of design and allowing my creative mind to reveal itself is paramount to my art. This process of design relies on extensive research to draw ideas from and a dedication to continued study. Francis Bacon said, “if you manage to do something following your instinct as closely as possible, then you have succeeded.” My interest in design is therefore instinctive communication.
Minimum Admission Standards and Academic Performance.
Authors:   , Meiers Christopher
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate the qualified admissions criteria described in Kan. Stat. Ann. 76-717 and their relationship to degree completion, retention rates, and college GPA at Fort Hays State University when applied to a previous freshman class. The independent variables were: qualified admission requirement attainment. ACT composite score, high school grade point average, high school class rank, gender, ethnic background, and enrollment status. The dependent variables were: graduation status, enrollment status, and college grade point average. The sample size was 323 subjects. Twelve null hypotheses were tested employing a z-test of difference between independent proportions analysis. One null hypothesis was tested employing a one-way analysis of variance, and two composite null hypotheses were tested employing a three-way analysis of variance (general linear model). All null hypotheses and composite null hypotheses were tested at the .05 level. A total of27 comparisons were made. Of the 27 comparisons, 19 were for main effects and 8 were for interactions. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: 1. more college students who met the minimum qualified admission requirements graduated in four years or less or were currently enrolled after four academic years: 2. more college students who had ACT composite scores greater than or equal to 21 graduated in four years or less or were currently enrolled after four academic years: 3. more college students had high school grade-point averages greater than or equal to 2.0 graduated in four years or less or were currently enrolled after four academic years: 4. more college students who ranked in the lap 1/3 of their high school class graduated in four years or less or were currently enrolled aft('r four academic years: 5. more college students who have graduated have higher college grade point averages than college students who were currently enrolled after four academic years or not enrolled. respectively: 6. Caucasian college students have higher college grade point averages than non-Caucasian college Students: 7. College students who met all of the individual minimum qualified admission requirements, two of the three individual requirements, one of the individual requirements, or none of the requirements have higher college grade point averages. respectively: 8. college students who had ACT composite scores greater than or equal to 21 have higher college grade point averages: 9. college students who had high school grade point averages greater than or equal to 2.0 have higher college grade point averages: and 10. college students who ranked in the top 1/3 of their high school class have higher college grade point averages.
An Exploratory Study of Self-Concept, Family Structure, Quality of Family Life, Attitude Toward School, Involvement in Activities, Birth Order, and Gender
Authors:   , Poskey Sheree
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate self concept, attitude toward school, family structure, quality of family life, involvement in school activities, birth order, and gender. There were 118 subjects employed. Seven composite null hypotheses were tested using five three-way analysis of variance and two two-way analysis of variance. The seven composite null hypotheses tested generated 57 comparisons, and 14 recurring comparisons. Of the 57 comparisons tested 8 were statistically detectable. Of the 8 which were statistically detectable 6 were ma1n effects and 2 were for interactions. The statistically detectable main effects were: 1. Family structure and self concept, 2. Quality of family life and self concept, 3. Quality of family life and commitment to class work, 4. Quality of family life and reactions to teachers, 5. Quality of family life and total, and 6. Gender and satisfaction with school. The statistically detectable interactions were: 1. Family structure and quality of family life for the dependent variable self concept, and 2. Quality of family life, attitude toward school, and involvement in school activities for the dependent variable self concept.
A Comparison of Behaviors Displayed by Elementary, Middle School, and High School Students with Mental Retardation in Regular Education and Resource Rooms
Authors:   , Merritt Sara
Published: February 2023

The primary focus of the current study was to explore the academic engaged time and the accelerators of academic responses of students with mental retardation in general education and resource room settings. Observations were conducted using a computerized observational recording program Ecobehavioral Assessment Systems Software (EBASS) that was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of special education settings. The current study involved two elementary, two middle school, and two high school students with mild mental retardation (MR). Results indicated that academic engagement was generally two-and-a-halftimes higher for all students in resource rooms than in regular classrooms. Furthermore, more and generally different accelerators of academic responding occurred in resource rooms when compared to those observed in regular classrooms. Implications of the current findings were discussed as well as recommendations for future research.
Synthesis and Application of An Organic Analytical Reagent
Authors:   , McCourt George
Published: February 2023

This work concerns the reaction of the primary amine, 2-amino- 2- methyl-1-propanol with carbon disulfide to produce the amine salt of 1-methyl-(1-methylol)-ethyldithiocarbamic acid. This salt is then investigated to determine its physical properties and the possibility of use in copper analysis. A report is given on the reaction, and the purification and analysis of the reaction product. The colored reaction of the amine salt with copper and other metal ions is listed, and an analytical procedure for the determination of trace amounts of copper is given. Using the procedure described, accurate determinations of copper concentration to one ppm were obtained. The effect of pH on fading of the colored copper thiocarbamate was investigated and found to be negligible between the range of pH from 4 to 8. An attempt was made to determine if the colored compound formed by reaction of the amine salt with copper was a chelate. Potentiometric and precipitation titrations were carried out with inconclusive results.
The Flora of The Tasco Lake Region, Sheridan County, Kansas
Authors:   , Darland Raymond
Published: February 2023

It has been customary in writing theses dealing with taxonomic problems to collect data from an entire county. Having had occasion to collect botanical specimens from the Tasco Lake for work in biology at the Sheridan High School, the wealth of plant life to be found here became apparent. The area ranges from xerophytic forms on the uplands to the hydrophytic forms in the lake and marshes. Many of the latter have never been reported from Western Kansas. Collections in preserving fluid were made of the water forms found and specimens of the landforms were mounted on regulation-sized sheets properly classified. Duplicate specimens of both were presented to the Botany Department of the Fort Hays Kansas State College. The investigation covering a period of twenty months, comprising the growing seasons of 1934 and 1930, has made possible a thorough study of the flora of this region . So far as is known , no detailed study has been made of this area; and , moreover, this will hold for most of western Kansas, which therefore presents a fertile field for the investigator. It can be said without question that Western Kansas botanical studies have been very few and that much in the way of valuable botanical research is now needed . The result is that many erroneous ideas are prevalent in other states in regard to our plains region. This is due to the lack of scientific information based upon careful study . In all probability there is no other half section in Western Kansas where plant life would be any more constant and represent so large a number of species as the one reported upon in this thesis. This is due mainly to the topography, types of soil, and abundant water supply as a result of the perpetual springs and the 6.5-acre lake completed in 1925. The survey of plant life of this particular area was taken for the following reasons: (1) to add to the information concerning the taxonomy of Western Kansas plant life; (2) to make a n intensive study of a small area where there is an abundance and wide variety of xerophytic, mesophytic, and hydrophytic plant life.
Perceptions of Women and Men in Leadership Roles
Authors:   , Beougher Janice
Published: February 2023

The research problem for this study was whether a woman is perceived to be as competent as a man when in a leadership role. The Attitudes Toward Women Scale (AWS) was used to classify men and women subjects into either profeminist attitude groups or conservative attitude groups. The groups rated a scripted male or female leader on the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire. Four cells were formed from the subjects’ responses, high and low AWS men rating alternating male or female leaders, and high and low AWS women rating alternating male or female leaders. A three-way MANDVA was used to analyze the data. It was found that there were no significant differences between conservative and profeminist subject’s judgments of a leader’s effectiveness regardless of the leader’s gender. The results found no significant differences in leader behavior ratings from low AWS men and women subjects, which was not what was expected.
The Re-Valuation of William Jennings Bryan In Woodrow Wilson's Administration
Authors:   , Mathers Robert
Published: February 2023

The Re-evaluation of William Jennings Bryan in Woodrow Wilson’s Administration is a study of the relationships of William Jennings Bryan, Secretary of State, Edward M. House, uncommissioned agent of Woodrow Wilson, Walter Hines Page, United States .Ambassador to England, and Woodrow Wils0n, President of the United States. The author’s purpose in writing this thesis is to throw light upon the machinations that were carried on behind the back of William Jennings Bryan, as Secretary of State in Woodrow Wilson's Administration. This investigation gives to Bryan a higher and more reputable position in American history than he is usually accorded. In order to accomplish this task it was necessary to re-evaluate The Intimate Papers of Colonel House which covers the Colonel's early youth up to the end of World War I . The period 1912-1915 was given special attention. The author does not contend that Bryan should have been given the appointment, nor does he contend that there were not others who could have served in the capacity of Secretary 0f State with more ability than Bryan. The author does contend that with all the handicaps that Bryan faced, the Commoner performed his duty to the American people admirably.
Business Management of The Small Denominational College
Authors:   , Dumler Ruben
Published: February 2023

Education is big business . This statement does not refer to the vast importance of education in a democracy, but rather to the financial operation of education . In order to operate our many institutions of higher learning, millions of dollars are spent . Education as well as industry was affected by the economic depression of our country and of the world during the early thirties . Income of the higher institutions of learning was decreasing and enrollment was on the decline , yet the amount of income and expenditure during this period was tremendous . The denominational college, or church controlled and supported college, plays an important role in this vast undertaking of higher education. Mr. Gould Wickey, Secretary-treasurer of the National Commission on Christian Higher Education or the Association of American Colleges, informs the writer that there are seven hundred seventy-nine denominational colleges in the United States. In fact the Kansas Educational Directory of 1945-46 lists a total of twenty- one institutions of higher learning within the state . Of this list of twenty- one , fourteen , or sixty-seven per cent, are church related colleges . In this study it is the desire of the writer to determine the age, sex, training, experience, duties, and responsibilities of the business manager of the small denominational college. By small denominational college is meant a church related school with an enrollment of less than two thousand students. The reason for making a study only of the small school is that it is difficult to compare the financial operation of the small and large school. Enrollment will be the only factor considered. No distinction will be made as to junior college or the four year college, or a combination of academy and college. If a college and academy are operated as a single unit, the total enrollment will determine whether the school will be included in this study.
The Literature of Spanish South America : Its Background, Development and Characteristics
Authors:   , Lewis Catherine
Published: February 2023

The scope of this work is to be confined to those nations on the continent of South America which use as their national tongue the Spanish language. This excludes consideration of Brazil, whose language is Portuguese and which possesses a rich literature of its own. Another country is omitted, Paraguay, not from oversight, but because this inland republic is so backward in culture and development that it possesses nothing which can be dignified with the term national literature. Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela - these are the countries of Spanish America with which this discussion will be concerned.
Differential Effects of Teacher-Centered and Learner-Centered Instruction
Authors:   , Schmidt Allen
Published: February 2023

This study was designed to measure the differential effects of traditional teacher-centered instruction and learner-centered instruction on various student variables. The variables measured were: achievement gain, self concept, perceived student control in the learning process, student perceived success, and attribution of the locus of performance. Subjects were 28 junior and senior high school students in both psychology classes taught by the same instructor. They were divided into low and high achievers in each class based upon spring semester psychology grades. The treatment, consisting of learning packet instruction, lasted for eleven class periods, each being 80 minutes long. The regular mix of instruction or group instruction was used in the teacher-centered class. The learner-centered class utilized learning packets as a method of individualized instruction. The experimenter acted as a teacher aid in both classes. Generally, this study demonstrated results supportive of the use of learning packets as a means of learner-centered instruction for teaching psychology at the secondary level. Subjects in the learner-centered class rated more control in the learning process than subjects in the teacher-centered class. Learner-centered subjects also rated their academic performance as more successful and attributed their performance more to internal factors than did teacher-centered subjects. No significant differences were found for achievement or self-concept variables.
My Work, 01/01/1970-01/01/1971
Authors:   , Shira Earl
Published: February 2023

As an artist, my work has been my research, and, as with the majority of artists, my specific viewpoints are best substantiated by said projects. My work can best be catagorized as falling into two general areas; that of social commentary and personal enjoyment. In retrospect, I feel the area of social commentary has been more beneficial to me as an artist and personality. The area of personal enjoyment has also been beneficial, but moreso in the sense of creating a “resting period” for the more complex thinking required during the social commentary period. Thoughts tend to become more organized during retrospective thinking, and I now wonder if the two periods are not dependent upon one another, much as a simple stimuli-response situation. The fact remains, however, that one period necessiated the other, and vice-versa.
An Investigation of the Item Stability of the Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale (Mars) : A Study of the Individual and Group Reliability Components of the Mars
Authors:   , Hannafin Michael
Published: February 2023

A review of the literature concerning the Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale (MARS) revealed that the MARS is currently being employed as a measure of therapy progress despite a lack of conclusive research to justify this procedure. Many scales of a similar nature have experienced considerable variability when used as a gauge of therapy progress. In addition, considerable pre- to posttest variability within the MARS had been previously reported. The purposes of this study were to identify these sources of variability, and attempt to stabilize the MARS by manipulating the serial order of the items. Three experimental versions of the MARS were employed: the original MARS (MARS-O), a reversed item sequence version (AARS-R), and a stratified version (MARS-S). Each version was administered according to standard instructions on the pretest, and re-administered four weeks later. Results showed a significant pre- to posttest reduction of group scores on the MARS-O and the MARS-S. Female Ss scored consistently higher than male Ss, and also demonstrated a significant pre- to posttest change on each of the three scale versions. Considerable item scoring and item discrimination variability was noted both within and across scales. Although the test-retest reliability of each of the scale versions was comparable to previously reported MARS data. The individual indices of change suggested a more pronounced variability than the group statistics implied. Attempts to stabilize the MARS through item manipulation were not successful. Implementation of the MARS as a pre- to posttest index of therapy change was not supported by this study.
Unity of the Restoration Movement and W. Carl Ketcherside
Authors:   , Stephens Larry
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this thesis is to show that W. Carl Ketcherside, evangelist and editor of Mission Messenger, advocates reunion of the Restoration Movement on the basis of the early Restoration principles. This will be accomplished by a study of the early Restoration Movement and its basic principles. A history of the Movement will follow in order to acquaint the reader with the development of its current division. By analysis of the writings of W. Carl Ketcherside, t h e concluding chapter, will show that he is in agreement with the early Restoration principles and that he advocates reunion of the movement by a return to that position.
Two New Pleistocene (Kansan) Molluscan Local Faunas from Trego County, Kansas
Authors:   , Kolb Kelvin
Published: February 2023

Two new Pleistocene local faunas, the cedar Bluff and the Lone Tree, are reported from Trego County, Kansas. Twenty- three taxa were collected from the Cedar Bluff l.f. along the Smoky Hill River. The Lone Tree l.f. contains twenty-one taxa which were collected just below an ash bed. The mollusks associated with the ash and the topographic position of the deposits suggests a Kansan age. The stratigraphic position of the local faunas and the mollusks indicate the cedar Bluff l.f. is older than the Lone Tree l. f. Mollusks from both local faunas suggest temporary pools, surrounded by grass and some scattered shrubs and trees, existed on the floodplain of the ancestral Smoky Hill River. The climate, during the time the mollusks lived, combined cooler summers with winters which were probably slightly cooler than the present winters in Trego County, Kansas. A shift in mollusks susceptible to climatic change between the local faunas indicates the Cedar Bluff l.f. was cooler than the Lone Tree l.f. The presence of Gastrocopta cristata and G. procera only in the Lone Tree l.f., whose distribution is primarily southern, and the presence of an extant Arctic-Alpine taxa, Vertigo modesta, only in the Cedar Bluff l.f., indicates a slight warming trend in the area between the time the two faunas lived.
The Effects of Clipping On Yield, Basal Cover, and Growth of Three Pasture Types in West-Central Kansas.
Authors:   , Johnson Ross
Published: February 2023

A study was made to determine what effect various intensities at clipping had upon yield, basal cover, and growth at 3 pasture types near Hays, Kansas. The study was conducted for 2 growth seasons (1955 - 1956) on a bluestem dominated, a reseeded, and a shortgrass pasture. The pasture types were located on the lower slope at a large hill, with each type being similar in per cent slope, soil depth, and s0il texture.
Intuition : Differences Between Novice and Expert Nurses
Authors:   , Gobin Linda
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this investigation was to explore the perceived intuition and willingness to act on intuition among novice nurses, who had worked one year or less as a registered nurse, and expert nurses, who had worked six years or more as a registered nurse. This investigation evaluated differences between novice and expert nurses on perceived intuition and willingness to act on intuition, relationship between perceived intuition/selected demographic variables, and relationship between willingness to act on intuition/selected demographic variables. The selected demographics were age of nurse, years of experience, number of hospitalizations, and length of time at current position and social support. Benner’s (1984) theory of “Novice to Expert” was utilized as the theoretical foundation for this investigation. The participants (N=100) were registered nurses who work at least 32 hours a week in rural hospitals in a Midwestern state. Data were collected by utilizing these three tools: Gobin Demographic Tool to obtain information about the participants, Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire (Broadhead, Gehlbach, DeGruy, & Kaplan, 1988) to obtain self-report information about the amount of social support in the participants’ lives, Miller Intuitiveness Instrument (Miller, 1993) which measured perceived intuition and willingness to act on intuition. Findings indicated a difference between perceived intuition and the two groups of nurses, a difference between willingness to act on intuition and the two groups of nurses. A correlation existed between perceived intuition/years of nursing experience and willingness to act on intuition/years of nursing experience. However, there were no significant correlations between age, years at current position, and number of times hospitalized and perceived intuition or willingness to act on intuition. Willingness to act on intuition and social support also had no significant correlation. When looking at social support associated with the two groups, the novice group had a significant correlation with intuition and willingness to act on intuition, whereas the expert group had no significant correlation.
Phenomenological Study of Emergency Nurses' Lived Experience with the Use of Gallows Humor : Release Valve for Stress, Tension, and Anxiety
Authors:   , Bender Eileene
Published: February 2023

Gallows humor is commonly used in the ED, but little has been researched about it. The purpose of the investigation was to explore in depth the meaning of gallows humor by inquiring into and gaining an understanding of the essence of emergency nurses’ lived experience with the use of gallows humor. This qualitative, phenomenological investigation was guided by van Manen’s (1990) method, a hermeneutic phenomenological approach. Purposive sampling (Polit & Hungler, 1995) was used to choose respondents who were especially knowledgeable about the use of gallows humor. Consequently, eight respondents from a Midwestern urban hospital ED, were selected based on their scores on the Emergency Nurse Gallows Humor Use Subjective Experience Assessment. Unstructured interviews were conducted to generate data. Interviews were tape recorded and transcribed. An inquiry audit was conducted to determine the trustworthiness of the findings. The theory of human becoming by Parse (1992) provided the framework for this investigation. Based on this theory, the emergency nurses’ realities created mutually by the nurses and their environment were explored by seeking the meanings of emergency nurses’ lived experience with gallows humor. The findings of this investigation suggested that the reality created when emergency nurses use gallows humor is a positive, stress-reducing and performance-enhancing experience. Emergency nurses described the use of gallows humor as spontaneous, occurred more often than realized, and produced only positive outcomes. The central theme that emerged from the findings of this investigation indicated that gallows humor for an emergency nurse is a release valve for stress, tension, and anxiety. The essential themes, included: (a) the ED milieu, and (b) professional socialization through work experience. These aspects were influential in the use of gallows humor by emergency nurses. An implication of the findings for nurse educators is the usefulness of humor as a self-care strategy. Nurses desire and need this information to endure the highly stressful emergency setting, and discussions of gallows humor would be appropriate for nursing curricula. An implication for practice includes a better understanding of the ED environment. The findings suggested that for emergency nurses gallows humor, if used appropriately has positive outcomes, can enhance clinical performance and slows nurse burnout. Further research is needed to clearly understand the use of gallows humor by emergency nurses. Extending this investigation by using a larger purposive sample of emergency nurses from multiple EDs to generate data until no new themes emerged is important. Other recommended areas of research include: (a) measuring the level of stress in emergency nurses and the effects gallows humor has on the stress level, and (b) further studying how the use of gallows humor by emergency nurses evolves with clinical experience.
The Effects of Musical Tempo on Activity Rates in Children
Authors:   , Windholz Kenneth
Published: February 2023

Seven and eight-year-old, male, second grade pupils served as the subjects for the experiment. Each pupil was exposed to three conditions: 1. fast tempo music; 2. Slow tempo music; and 3. silence. The hypothesis that activity rates increase during exposure to fast musical tempo and decrease during exposure to slow musical tempo was not confirmed from the data, F (2,40) = 2.28, p) .10, but a significant increase in overall activity rate was shown from test to retest periods, F (1,40) = 5.71, p <.05. In addition, a significant degree of variation from one another in overall activity rate, F (5,40) = 5.93, p < .01, and a significant difference existed when pupils' activity rates for all days within the test period and all days within the retest period were considered, F(20,40) = 5 . 49, p < .01. A critical analysis of the experiment is given, and suggestions for further research are offered.
An Investigation of Temporary Hearing Threshold Shifts During the Harvest Season
Authors:   , Wolters Shari
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of agricultural noise on farm workers' auditory thresholds before and after a work day's exposure during the harvest season. Twenty volunteer subjects from a small farming community in North Central Kansas were selected for this study. Ten subjects served as the control group and 10 subjects served as the experimental group. The control group subjects were not exposed to agricultural noise during the harvest season on a daily basis. The experimental group subjects considered farming their main occupation and were exposed to agricultural noise during the harvest season on a daily basis. Pure tone thresholds for 500-8000 Hz were obtained from all subjects during six different testing situations, before harvest baseline, pre and post exposure testing on two consecutive days, and after harvest baseline. The subjects also completed a hearing health questionnaire. A speech discrimination test was given to each subject during the before harvest baseline, post exposure testing on Day # 1, post exposure testing on Day #2, and after harvest baseline testing. The results showed that the experimental subjects as a group showed a greater decrease in hearing sensitivity during the post exposure test situation, with the greatest number of subjects showing a decrease in hearing sensitivity during the post exposure testing of Day #2. The control subjects as a group did not show a significant change during any particular test situation. The experimental subjects showed greater difficulty with the speech discrimination test. The experimental subjects as a group reported lower speech discrimination scores during the post exposure testing on Day #2. It can be concluded from this study that the various types of agricultural equipment that farmers are exposed to do effect the farmer's hearing sensitivity. It was observed that the sound pressure measurements that were obtained showed that most of the farm equipment did exceed the 90 dB occupational noise standard established by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. This finding, as well as the temporary threshold shifts that were observed, suggest that farmers are exposed to noise levels that are likely damaging to their hearing. As a result, farmers need to be more aware of safety precautions that should be taken before they are exposed to agriculture noise levels that are potentially damaging to their hearing.
Elements of Difficulty in Arithmetic Experienced By High School Mathematics Students
Authors:   , Durr Merril
Published: February 2023

Many pupils experience a more-than-ordinary difficulty with the fundamental processes of arithmetic. This study is an attempt to determine what problems lead to this difficulty in understanding common mathematical concepts.
The Influence of Meaningfulness and Physical Intralist Discriminability of the Learning and Retention of Verbal Stimuli
Authors:   , Swinton Gene
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this experiment was to test an interpretation of Gibson's hypothesis relating to stimulus differentiation. Verbal learning was utilized, with an attempt to control intralist stimulus differentiation through the manipulation of the physical properties of the stimuli themselves. It was hypothesized that physical discrimination would facilitate verbal learning. The results showed mean number of errors to be significantly related to meaningfulness, with more mean errors per trial in the low meaningfulness lists than in the high. The other results were generally not significant: however, the trends indicated that learning was faster in both the case of high meaning and in the case of physical discriminability, and that physical discriminability produced a greater difference in the low meaningfulness condition than in the high. The trends, although not significant, seem generally to support the experimental hypothesis. Further experimentation in the area of physical stimulus differentiation is suggested.