bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Issues of Meander Development: Land Degradation or Ecological Value? The Example of the Sajó River, Hungary
Authors: Bertalan László , Novák Tibor József , Németh Zoltán , Rodrigo-Comino Jesús , Kertész Ádám , Szabó Szilárd
Published: November 2018

The extensive destruction of arable lands by the process of lateral bank erosion is a major issue for the alluvial meandering type of rivers all around the world. Nowadays, land managers, stakeholders, and scientists are discussing how this process affects the surrounding landscapes. Usually, due to a land mismanagement of agroforestry activities or urbanization plans, river regulations are designed to reduce anthropogenic impacts such as bank erosion, but many of these regulations resulted in a degradation of habitat diversity. Regardless, there is a lack of information about the possible positive effects of meandering from the ecological point of view. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to investigate a 2.12 km long meandering sub-reach of Sajó River, Hungary, in order to evaluate whether the process of meander development can be evaluated as a land degradation processes or whether it can enhance ecological conservation and sustainability. To achieve this goal, an archive of aerial imagery and UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)-surveys was used to provide a consistent database for a landscape metrics-based analysis to reveal changes in landscape ecological dynamics. Moreover, an ornithological survey was also carried out to assess the composition and diversity of the avifauna. The forest cover was developed in a remarkable pattern, finding a linear relationship between its rate and channel sinuosity. An increase in forest areas did not enhance the rate of landscape diversity since only its distribution became more compact. Eroding riverbanks provided important nesting sites for colonies of protected and regionally declining migratory bird species such as the sand martin. We revealed that almost 70 years were enough to gain a new habitat system along the river as the linear channel formed to a meandering and more natural state.
« Ombres » sur les cristaux de quartz
Authors: Grigoriev D.-P.
Published: November 2018

Après avoir rappelé les différentes traces laissées par l'action de la pesanteur sur les minéraux, l'observation d'« ombres » sur des cristaux de quartz est décrite. Le mécanisme de leur formation est donné ainsi que les conclusions pouvant être tirées de leur présence.
Méthode permettant la détermination de la structure des molécules dont on connaît l'orientation dans la maille cristalline
Authors: Kupfer -Tsoucaris Danuta , Tsoucaris Georges
Published: November 2018

Nous décrivons une méthode permettant la détermination de l'emplacement dans la maille cristalline d'une molécule ou d'un groupe d'atomes dont on connaît la configuration stéréochimique. Cette méthode est basée sur le calcul du coefficient R=Σ |F₀‒|Fc| |/ΣF₀ en fonction du déplacement suivant les trois axes cristallographiques. La méthode a été appliquée avec succès à la détermination de la structure du bichlorhydrate d'isoniazide.
Deux formules nouvelles pour déterminer l'angle 2V à partir de mesures d'extinction
Authors: Joel N.
Published: November 2018

On détermine d'abord les directions des axes X et Z de l'ellipsoïde. Ensuite on détermine les deux directions de vibration P et P' dans un plan d'onde quelconque, en amenant le cristal à une position d'extinction entre polariseurs croisés. Avec les distances angulaires PZ, PX, P'Z et P'X on calcule l'angle 2 V.

Ayant déterminé une paire de points P et P' sur la projection, l'on peut déterminer dans le même plan d'onde deux points Q₁ et Q₂ d'une courbe d'équivibration.

Avec les distances angulaires Q₁Z, Q₁X, Q₂Z et Q₂X on peut aussi calculer l'angle 2 V.
Étude des traces de fission fossiles dans le mica
Authors: Maurette Michel , Pellas Paul , Walker Robert M.
Published: November 2018

Les traces produites par les fragments de fission de l'uranium dans les micas peuvent être étudiées en microscopie optique, après une attaque fluorhydrique. Le rapport entre les densités de traces fossiles et de traces nouvelles induites par irradiation neutronique devrait permettre de calculer l'âge du minéral. Sur onze micas étudiés, un seul échantillon fournit un âge recoupant l'âge réel de 5,2.10⁸ ans ; les dix autres micas donnent des âges beaucoup trop récents, les erreurs étant d'autant plus fortes que les minéraux sont plus anciens.

Deux causes d'erreur peuvent expliquer les divergences dans les résultats : 1) un enrichissement en uranium postérieur à la cristallisation des minéraux, 2) une restauration par recuit des dommages produits dans la trace des fragments de fission.
Nouvel objectif pour comparer les pouvoirs réflecteurs des minéraux
Authors: Machairas Georges
Published: November 2018

Un objectif spécial, inventé par l'auteur, et dont un prototype a déjà été réalisé par la maison Nachet permet la comparaison directe des minéraux en section polie, sous le microscope à réflexion, dans un même champ d'observation.
Anomalie dans le comportement en analyse thermique différentielle d'un kaolin
Authors: Chantret Francis , Jehl Guy
Published: November 2018

Les auteurs ont mis en évidence le dédoublement du pic exothermique du kaolin constituant le ciment d'un grès. Ils montrent que le pourcentage de kaolin correspondant au pic de plus basse température est en corrélation directe avec la teneur en Fe₂O₃ libre mal organisé, comme le confirment les clichés de microscopie électronique.
Observation par microscopie électronique en transmission d'échantillons de blende de diverses provenances
Authors: Couderc Jean-Jacques , Le Fort Isabelle , Bras Jean , Fagot Monique
Published: November 2018

Samples of sphalerite from various deposits are observed by T.E.M. Lattice defects are investigated : in weakly deformed specimen, extended dislocations with a stacking-fault energy ranging from 4 to 8 mJ/m² are observed. Sphalerite deforms plastically by slip on {111} <110> and/or by twinning on {111}, it is not possible to specify the relative part played by both mechanisms. Microstructure of deformed sphalerite are consistent with the geologic story of the samples ; the T.E.M. observations allow to complete these informations.
Structure cristalline de l'upalite Al[(UO2)3O(OH)(PO4)2].7H2O. Un exemple de macle mimétique
Authors: Piret Paul , Declercq Jean-Paul
Published: November 2018

La structure cristalline de l'upalite naturelle de Kobokobo (Zaïre) a été déterminée.

Formule : Al[(UO₂)₃O(OH)(PO₄)₂].7H₂O. Système monoclinique, groupe spatial P2₁/a ; a = 13.704(4), b = 16.82(1), c = 9.332(2) Å, β = 111.5(1)°, V = 2,001 Å³, Z = 4. Les cristaux sont invariablement maclés et simulent parfaitement la symétrie orthorhombique.

Type structural : phosphuranylite. Les feuillets sont reliés entre eux par deux groupes octaédriques centrosymétriques AlO₂(H₂O)₄ and Al(H₂O)₆ et par deux molécules d'eau.
Détermination empirique des paramètres de l'interstratification des minéraux illite/smectite et estimation du degré de métamorphisme dans les sédiments pélitiques
Authors: Leikine Michel
Published: November 2018

Les paramètres de l' interstratification (PI = fraction de feuillets d'illite ; PI.I = degré d'ordre) des minéraux interstratifïés illite/smectite sont calculés à partir des pics de diffraction d'échantillons orientés et traités à l'éthylène-glycol. PI est calculé à partir de la relation PI = a(D) + b où D est la différence entre les raies 003 et 005. PI.I ou PS. S sont calculés à l'aide d'une relation multilinéaire :

z = a + b(d003) + c(d005) ; z = PI.I ou PS. S

Le calcul subséquent des valeurs de PI et PI.I d'échantillons de 4 séries sédimentaires plus ou moins schistosées et métamorphisées permet une détermination très précise des régressions linéaires telles que : PI.I = a(PI) + b. Ces régressions linéaires suggèrent que le type d' interstratification est une fonction, à la fois, de la pression et de la température. Elles permettent, de plus, une estimation relative des conditions de faible métamorphisme.
Croissance naturelle de paracristaux de quartz dans une saumure sulfatée calcique à basse température
Authors: Arnold Michel , Guillou Jean-Jacques
Published: November 2018

In brines with dissolved Ca-sulphates, the growth of quartz is attained by a close packed assemblage of nuclei. These are depicted as sharp spots of 250 Å in size by SEM mode imaging. These are either spherical nuclei or electron optical diffusion features which are induced by smaller particles. Nuclei give quartz fibers by a coalescence process. The average diameter of fibers is 1 000 Å. Their length is 5 to 10 nm. By successive coalescences, fibers give ribbons, bidimensional sheets and tridimensional quartz ultimately. In the quartz paracrystal resulting from repeated attachment of nuclei, the tridimensional continuity is attained by ageing of the first precipitate. At intermediate stages of this evolution, the quartz paracrystal is crossed by very numerous inframicroscopic channels, leaving a high internal porosity in each paracrystal. The primary structure, characterized by a close packed assemblage of nuclei, is very similar to the organization of spherical amorphous silica particles in precious opal. The ordered precipitation of both quartz nuclei in a paracristalline structure and amorphous silica particles in a precious opal are the products of the colloidal ordered precipitation due to the second potential well of the interaction energy between two particles. Quartz nucleation appears by the salting out of dissolved monomere silica. All this results from mixing of a brine and of a silica saturated solution. Quartz nucleation may be improved by impurities (Al⁺⁺⁺, hydrocarbures) in the growth medium.
Comportement des éléments traces et majeurs dans la série alcaline du Velay ; comparaison avec la chaîne des Puys (Massif Central, France)
Authors: Villemant Benoît , Treuil Michel
Published: November 2018

The behavior of trace elements (hygromagmaphile elements : Th, U, Hf, Ta, La and transition elements : Cr, Co, Ni, Se) shows that the volcanic suite of Velay Oriental, Massif Central, France) is a fractional crystallization series. A potassium enrichment in the magmatic liquid during fractional crystallization is shown. We propose a model of exchange between a fluid phase and the magma during the differentiation, which permits an estimation of the relative contamination for each element. Post-magmatic alteration disturbs the behaviour mainly of rubidium, but also of some alkali and alkaline earth elements in some basaltic samples.

The behavior of trace and major elements distinguishes this series (basalt-phonolite) from the series of Chaîne des Puys (basalt-rhyolite). The initial liquids of both series are generated from mande sources of a same chemical composition and by a same degree of partial melting. The slight composition differences in initial liquids of both series are explained by different primary differentiation processes, or possibly by differences in the mineralogy of the sources.

The interaction between the magma and a fluid phase in the magma chamber of the Velay series may explain many of the observed differences in the behavior of the elements.
Association twinnite-zinkénite-plagionite du gisement complexe à Sb-Pb-Zn de Rujevac (Yougoslavie)
Authors: Moëlo Yves , Borodaev Youri S. , Mozgova Nadejda N.
Published: November 2018

Plagionite formed after robinsonite at Rujevac (Yugoslavia) contains late-stage twinnite associated with zinckenite. Microprobe analysis shows that As content, very low in robinsonite (0.3 %, i.e. As/(As + Sb) = 1.3 at. %), is higher in plagionite, between 1.0 and 3.1% (i.e. As/(As + Sb) from 4.4 to 10.5 at. %). Zinckenite and twinnite compositions are homogeneous, demonstrating mineral equilibrium between these two phases : As content of zinckenite is about 3.3 % (As/(As + Sb) = 12.0 at. %), while As/(As + Sb) ratio of twinnite is particularly low (25.3 at. %), near to the stoechiometric composition Pb2Sb3AsS8. The As/(As + Sb) ratios of coexisting twinnite and zinckenite seem strongly temperature-dependent ; especially, the maximum atomic substitution of Sb for As in twinnite increases with decreasing temperature. From a crystal chemical point of view, this change would reflect the incorporation of Sb3+ in a three-fold rather than five-fold coordination with decreasing temperature.
ALMA Reveals a Misaligned Inner Gas Disk inside the Large Cavity of a Transitional Disk
Authors: Mayama Satoshi , Akiyama Eiji , Panić Olja , Miley James , Tsukagoshi Takashi , Muto Takayuki , Dong Ruobing , de Leon Jerome , Mizuki Toshiyuki , Oh Daehyeon , Hashimoto Jun , Sai Jinshi , Currie Thayne , Takami Michihiro , Grady Carol A. , Hayashi Masahiko , Tamura Motohide , Inutsuka Shu-ichiro
Published: November 2018

Pairs of azimuthal intensity decrements at near-symmetric locations have been seen in a number of protoplanetary disks. They are most commonly interpreted as the two shadows cast by a highly misaligned inner disk. Direct evidence of such an inner disk, however, remains largely illusive, except in rare cases. In 2012, a pair of such shadows were discovered in scattered-light observations of the near face-on disk around 2MASS J16042165-2130284, a transitional object with a cavity ∼60 au in radius. The star itself is a “dipper,” with quasi-periodic dimming events on its light curve, commonly hypothesized as caused by extinctions by transiting dusty structures in the inner disk. Here, we report the detection of a gas disk inside the cavity using Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations with ∼0.″2 angular resolution. A twisted butterfly pattern is found in the moment 1 map of the CO (3–2) emission line toward the center, which is the key signature of a high misalignment between the inner and outer disks. In addition, the counterparts of the shadows are seen in both dust continuum emission and gas emission maps, consistent with these regions being cooler than their surroundings. Our findings strongly support the hypothesized misaligned inner disk origin of the shadows in the J1604-2130 disk. Finally, the inclination of the inner disk would be close to −45° in contrast with 45°; it is possible that its internal asymmetric structures cause the variations on the light curve of the host star.
Two new deraeocorine plant bug species from Japan (Heteroptera, Miridae, Deraeocorinae)
Authors: Nakatani Yukinobu , Yasunaga Tomohide
Published: November 2018

Two new deraeocorine plant bug species, Fingulushenrytomi and Stethoconustakaii, are described from Japan. A color habitus image of live individuals and scanning electron micrographs are shown for each taxon to aid an unequivocal identification. A checklist and keys to species are also provided for Japanese Fingulus and Stethoconus.
Rosa Luxemburg's the Accumulation of Capital, Postcolonial Theory, and The Problem of Present Day Imperialisms
Authors: Chowdhury Kanishka
Published: November 2018

Rosa Luxemburg's classic work The Accumulation of Capital reveals, with a great degree of clarity, the function of imperialism in determining the global movement and accumulation of capital. Her attention to the constitutive role of international credit, tariffs and militarism,
not just as manifestations of imperialism but as methods integral to the project of capital accumulation, continues to have a significant bearing on our own time, offering us valuable insights for disrupting current theories of globalisation and the postcolonial. The reason for highlighting
the inadequacies of these particular theories is because over the last three decades, they have become the predominant analytical lens through which asymmetrical global relations have been viewed. While acknowledging the gaps in Luxemburg's analysis of imperialist practices, I will, nevertheless,
consider how her fiery critique of imperial activities of her time hold tremendous possibilities for investigating the vexed dialectic between capitalist and non-capitalist organisations as reflected in existing global arrangements, even as I specify ways to trouble those categories. Indeed,
what may Luxemburg's categorisation of a non-capitalist space look like in the current conjuncture, where it is almost impossible to escape the centrality of capitalist relations? Moreover, if postcolonial theory in its many formations remains the predominant mode of analysing global asymmetries,
how might its uncovering of these asymmetries be strengthened by an attention to Luxemburg's work?
Le sage montre la lune, l’idiot regarde le doigt
Authors: Castel Pierre-Henri
Published: November 2018

Il faut dénier au post-lacanisme français son statut de passage obligé pour penser Lacan aujourd’hui. On ne pourra réveiller le lacanisme de son sommeil dogmatique qu’en renouant avec son ambition universaliste, c’est-à-dire en retissant les liens avec les sciences sociales de notre temps et le rapport réflexif au réel qu’elles exigent.
La parole, le sujet, le langage
Authors: Guyomard Patrick
Published: November 2018

Lacan a souhaité restaurer dans la psychanalyse, sans doute dans la théorie plus encore que dans la pratique, les fondements qu’elle trouve dans la parole. La psychanalyse est une cure de parole. Il a voulu en tirer toutes les conséquences, jusqu’aux plus ultimes. L’insertion de l’inconscient dans le langage, la révision du statut du sujet, qui n’est pas le moi, et le concept paradoxal de Sujet de l’inconscient en sont les conséquences.
Lacan initiateur de l’idée de subjectivation en psychanalyse
Authors: Penot Bernard
Published: November 2018

Le terme subjectivation a été introduit par Lacan dans ses Écrits des années d’après-guerre. Mais c’est dans son séminaire de Mai-Juin 1964 sur la pulsion qu’il va donner à la subjectivation son plein statut de concept psychanalytique, en s’inscrivant dans la foulée du Freud de « Destins des Pulsions » (1915) pour qui le renversement du but sur le mode passif nécessite d’abord l’installation d’un sujet ( Subjekt ) étranger pour satisfaire la personne propre. Toutefois l’ interaction subjectivante qui a si bien focalisé la recherche de Lacan jusqu’en 1964 va laisser place ensuite chez lui à une conception structuraliste s’opposant au subjectivisme anglo-saxon.
Que voulait Lacan ? Archéologie d’un projet
Authors: Assoun Paul-Laurent
Published: November 2018

Le « retour à Freud » de Lacan constitue une opération de relecture, de réécriture et de remise en acte du projet freudien. L’archéologie de ce projet est ici reconstituée en sa dynamique, par la dialectique instaurée avec l’apport freudien. Passage du narcissisme au spéculaire, redéchiffrement des processus inconscients comme processus signifiants, inconscient envisagé comme structure de langage. Relecture des fonctions du père à travers le Nom du Père et l’ordre symbolique – avec ses retombées cliniques (forclusion). On suivra le passage du principe de plaisir à la jouissance, l’extraction de l’objet-cause du désir et le sujet divisé, radicalisant le moi clivé freudien. Réintroduction fondamentale à la démarche de la « pensée-Lacan », dont on discernera, à chaque ligne de franchissement, les avancées et les paris, de façon à affronter la question : « Que veut Lacan ? »
L’influence de l’œuvre de Jacques Lacan sur celle d’André Green
Authors: Pirlot Gérard
Published: November 2018

La rencontre avec Jacques Lacan et son œuvre a stimulé la critique et créativité d’André Green. Son travail sur l’affect et celui sur la complexité de la « représentance » sont le contrepoint des théorisations lacaniennes sur le signifiant. Les concepts de double-retournement et de double-limite ne sont pas sans lien avec les réflexions de Lacan sur la bande de Möbius. Les théorisations de Lacan sur l’approche structuraliste du langage, le rapport entre spéculaire et narcissisme ou « l’objet (a) », ont amené Green à reprendre la question du langage dans la psychanalyse, celle de l’objet dans ses relations à la pulsion, celle du narcissisme dans ses liens au « négatif », en gardant toujours, à la différence de Lacan, un profond respect pour l’architecture de la métapsychologie héritée de Freud.
De l’influence implicite de Lacan
Authors: Aisenstein Marilia
Published: November 2018

Afin de bien comprendre la psychanalyse telle qu’elle est aujourd’hui pratiquée dans les sociétés françaises composantes de l’Association Psychanalytique Internationale, il nous faut évoquer la fameuse scission. À partir de là, l’auteur soutient qu’il y a eu une influence certaine mais toujours implicite du lacanisme, conjuguée à d’autres courants eux explicites.
Lacan et le groupe analytique : usages et destins de la jouissance de l’exclusion
Authors: Cabral Alberto C. , Hacker Anne-Lise
Published: November 2018

Il s’agit d’explorer les vicissitudes de la jouissance de l’exclusion et ses manifestations dans le groupe analytique : ses déchaînements, mais aussi les formations réactionnelles qui essaient de la domestiquer, en promouvant un pluralisme formel. La notion de « narcissisme des petites différences » se trouve ici reformulée. Une exploration de développements de Lacan et du politologue M. Walzer permet de rendre compte de destins alternatifs (non névrotiques) de la jouissance ségrégative. Une réponse est proposée à l’interrogation de Wallerstein (« Une psychanalyse ou plusieurs ? ») : autant de psychanalyses que de psychanalystes .
Rencontres cliniques en psychiatrie. Un dialogue au long cours avec des lacaniens
Authors: Girard Martine
Published: November 2018

L’auteur revient sur l’expérience d’une longue collaboration avec des analystes lacaniens dans un hôpital de jour pour adultes psychotiques en centre hospitalo-universitaire. Les diverses formes de collaboration clinique sont décrites, liées à l’expérience d’une pensée. Sont particulièrement évoqués l’introduction d’une présence analytique et les présentations de malade dans la tradition de Lacan, présentation d’une position analytique au travail ayant contribué à la construction du dispositif.
Marquer le corps : l’automutilation comme écriture
Authors: de Vilhena Junia , de Vilhena Novaes Joana , Cabrera Lo Bue Daniela
Published: November 2018

Partant d’un fragment d’un cas clinique, nous discutons l’automutilation ( cutting ). Dans la littérature psychanalytique, elle apparaît en tant que procédé de diminution de la tension interne, comme expression d’une douleur interne qui n’a pas été symbolisée auparavant. Nous soutenons que ces marques constituent une « archive du sujet », concourant à la construction d’une narration de soi-même. L’importance de l’écoute est soulignée car l’acte devient communication à condition qu’un récepteur puisse recevoir ce message.
La Société brésilienne de psychanalyse de São Paulo : résumé de parcours
Authors: Massi Marina
Published: November 2018

L’auteure trace le parcours de la première société psychanalytique du Brésil, créée à São Paulo. Elle décrit l’arrivée de la psychanalyse au Brésil, du vivant même de Freud, ses pionniers et précurseurs. Puis la création de la société de São Paulo reconnue par l’IPA en 1951. Ensuite, elle analyse les différentes influences et l’évolution de la pensée théorique, avec l’importance de la relation entre psychanalyse et culture.
Impressions d’audience
Authors: Chauvaud Frédéric
Published: November 2018

Très tôt, la bande dessinée s’est emparée du crime. En apparence, la justice criminelle n’intéresse guère les auteurs. Pourtant, en regardant de plus près, on s’aperçoit que le moment du procès occupe une place un place non négligeable dans les planches dessinées. Scénaristes et dessinateurs montrent une grande diversité. Le tribunal ressemble à un théâtre. Sur la scène, les rôles sont inversés. Des personnages grotesques ont le pouvoir de vie et de mort. L’institution judiciaire apparaît comme une implacable machine.
Les photographies retrouvées de la Casa Susanna
Authors: Bonnet Isabelle
Published: November 2018

Un lot de trois-cent-quarante photographies est découvert dans un marché aux puces de New-York en 2004. Sur ces vieux clichés d’amateurs, pris entre la fin des années 1950 et la fin des années 1960, il n’y a que des hommes travestis en femme. Mais ce sont des « femmes » ordinaires, comme on en voit dans tous les albums de photographies familiales. Ces photographies retrouvées sont la partie immergée d’un vaste réseau clandestin d’hommes mariés, bons pères de famille et bons patriotes. Ils font partie de la classe moyenne blanche américaine. Ils incarnent le rêve américain. Et son cauchemar. Parce que l’Amérique de ces années là, c’est l’Amérique de la guerre froide qui censure, réprime, exclue et traque toutes les désobéissances aux injonctions normatives. Malgré les risques, ces hommes se sont écrits, rencontrés et structurés autour d’un journal clandestin. Ils ont refusé de se soumettre au culte d’une virilité archaïque et ils ont transgressé les prescriptions de genre. Ils se sont construits une identité collective singulière et unique grâce à la photographie. Cette archive visuelle incomparable et rare témoigne d’une véritable sous-culture transgenre qui s’inscrit dans l’histoire politique des minorités sexuelles américaines de l’après-guerre.
Nutrition in Pediatric Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Normatov Inessa , Kaplan Shiran , Azzam Ruba K.
Published: November 2018

More than one-half of children with chronic liver disease suffer from malnutrition, which leads not only to a poor quality of life and even possibly catastrophic complications, but also to poor outcomes after a liver transplantation. These children have increased metabolic demands but often decreased intake with malabsorption and altered nutrient utilization, all of which make it difficult to keep up with nutritional demands. Assessment of a patient's nutritional status should be timely, and it should be performed routinely and proactively. When specific nutritional needs are identified, these should be addressed with a multidisciplinary team approach and with the close guidance of an experienced pediatric dietician. The assessment includes anthropometric and laboratory assessments, in addition to a careful physical examination and a detailed patient history. The specific nutritional needs vary, but generally dietary intervention focuses on increasing caloric intake, supplementation with medium-chain triglycerides, and prevention of essential fatty acid and fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies.[Pediatr Ann.2018;47(11):e445–e451.]
Voyage dans le Nord d’Hayti ou Révélations des lieux et des monuments historiques, d’Hérard Dumesle (1824), un hypotexte fondateur
Authors: Chemla Yves
Published: November 2018

Alors que la déclaration d’indépendance d’Haïti laisse entendre l’abandon possible de la langue française, l’émergence d’une littérature et d’une histoire écrites en créole se met très lentement en place, la deuxième langue étant longtemps traitée en subalterne. Un exemple de cette situation est le texte de Dumesle, Voyage dans le Nord…, qui met en pages un véritable affrontement entre les genres, entre les temps, entre les intertextes, entre les langues. L’étude de ces conflits montre enfin que les textes fondateurs d’Haïti, en particulier le serment du Bois-Caïman, sont aussi le résultat de ces affrontements qui sont devenus sans doute un des moteurs de la littérature haïtienne.
Le Mittelstand et le pragmatisme allemand : un début de solution pour le cas des PME françaises ?
Authors: Bleuel Petra
Published: November 2018

Les performances actuelles de l’écono­mie allemande sont la résultante de choix économiques et sociaux portés par le Mittelstand et les grandes entreprises. Le Mittelstand, ne se détermine pas par une taille spécifique mais par un concept entrepreneurial fondé sur des valeurs, un état d’esprit et une gouvernance de l’entreprise particulière évoluant dans un écosystème spécifique. En raison de ces particularités, la reproduction de ce modèle s’avère impossible. Cependant, les autorités françaises pourraient s’inspirer de certains éléments de soutien consacré aux PME allemandes.
Social Network Security Risks and Vulnerabilities in Corporate Environments
Authors: Almeida Fernando , Pinheiro José , Oliveira Vítor
Published: November 2018

Increasingly social networks are used both in the personal and professional levels, being companies and employees also exposed to the risks posed by them. In this sense, it is relevant to analyze employees' perception of the risks and vulnerabilities posed by the use of social networks in corporate environments. For this purpose, a questionnaire was developed and distributed to 372 employees of small and medium-sized companies that allowed the characterization and analysis of those risks. The results indicate that the security risks are perceived moderately by employees, emphasizing the risk of defamation and cyberbullying as being the most pertinent. On the other hand, the findings indicate that older employees, the existence of lower academic qualifications, and those working in medium-sized companies are more aware of these risks.
Rethinking Digital Literacy for Teachers in Open and Participatory Societies
Authors: Nascimbeni Fabio
Published: November 2018

This article argues that models for the integration of ICT in teacher training should be based on a holistic understanding of digital literacy that considers the ongoing change in knowledge production, management and consumptions connected with the generalised rise of open and participatory societies. In order to understand how this could be done, the article analyses a few digital literacy frameworks, including the recent DigCompEdu framework by the European Commission, looking for the space given to competencies related to openness and collaboration, and proposes some reflections on how critical competences could be included in contemporary digital literacy frameworks for teachers. The article concludes that more should be done by teacher training initiatives to transform educators into critically literate actors able to participate competently in digital practices but also to transform these practices into an active, inclusive and open way.
We Learn in the Form of Stories
Authors: Walters Lynne Masel , von Gillern Sam
Published: November 2018

This article discusses the use of digital storytelling to enable pre-service teachers to develop critical digital literacy skills. Digital storytelling and new literacies share the same set of abilities: 1) finding, evaluating and consuming digital content; 2) exploring identity and cultural landscapes; 3) creating new digital materials drawing from multiple media; and 4) communicating what was found or created with an audience. The study is based on the essays of pre-service teachers enrolled in Cultural Foundations of Education, who produced two digital stories. Responses showed that they believed the assignments helped them become more reflective, culturally aware and media savvy, and led them to a critical and practical knowledge of multimodal content production. Digital storytelling, then, utilizes almost all of the critical digital skills and literacies pre-service teachers are expected to bring to diverse, globalized, and technology-infused 21st century classrooms.
Complementary Information Literacy Training Practices in University Teaching and Academic Libraries
Authors: Petrucco Corrado , Ferrante Massimo
Published: November 2018

Students now have information processing behaviors characterized by rapid shifts in attention, less reflection and failure to deploy metacognitive processes, preferring activities that bring immediate rewards for their information needs, even if the quality of the information they obtain is low. Consequently, they run into significant difficulties in the selection and critical evaluation of the information they find during university learning activities. This article presents two information literacy training initiatives addressing these issues at the University of Padova (Italy): one in a course in educational technologies offered as part of a second-cycle degree program, and the other in two of the university library system's training facilities. The training workshops sought to be complementary, covering both the search engine and the library OPAC approach to information seeking.
Privacy Preserving Feature Selection for Vertically Distributed Medical Data based on Genetic Algorithms and Naïve Bayes
Authors: Tarik Boudheb , Zakaria Elberrichi
Published: November 2018

Machine learning is a powerful tool to mine useful knowledge from vast databases. Many establishments in the medical area such as hospitals, laboratories want to join their efforts with the ambition to extract models that are more accurate. However, this approach faces problems. Due to the laws protecting patient privacy or other similar concerns, parties are reluctant to share their data. In vast amounts of data, which are useful and pertinent in constructing accurate data mining models? In this article, the researchers deal with these challenges for vertically distributed medical data. They propose an original secure wrapper solution to perform feature selection based on genetic algorithms and distributed Naïve Bayes. Contrary to the previous solutions, the original data is not perturbed. Therefore, the data utility and performance are preserved. They prove that the proposed solution selects relevant attributes to increase performance, preserving patient privacy.
E-Memory Choice Architecture
Authors: Chang Hsia-Ching , Wang Chen-Ya
Published: November 2018

Twitter archiving systems have been developed to preserve users' tweets. The available methods of organizing tweets for curation include the hashtag, user ID, and keywords. These can be viewed as memory encoding symbols supporting future retrieval of users' social media memories. As Twitter has become a global social media platform, online Twitter archiving systems have transformed from an open platform for archiving tweets to an integrated service managing multiple accounts across platforms. With the changing business models of Twitter archiving systems, usage data has become unavailable publicly. This study collected historical usage data from the API of an online Twitter archiving system, TwapperKeeper, before its acquisition by Hootsuite in September 2011. The valuable system usage data allowed this study to examine the tweet archiving preferences of early Twitter adopters. By mapping adoption-diffusion and use-diffusion models into the web information architecture of the online archiving system, this study analyzed user choice architecture through the system function use.
Remotely identifying potential vector habitat in areas of refugee and displaced person populations due to the Syrian civil war
Authors: Chambers Samuel N. , Tabor Joseph A.
Published: November 2018

Historically leishmaniasis is most prevalent in established urban centres but this research shows that refugees and, most significantly, internally displaced persons are now commonly in areas characterized by the presence of fly habitats potentially leading to higher prominence of Leishmania infection. Areas engulfed by the Syrian civil war has thus caused the dispersal of humans into previously unpopulated areas amid habitats of the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi that hosts the parasite Leishmania. The addition of new places of exposure to this disease add to difficulties with respect to diagnosis as well as provision of care and treatment. We used geospatial methodology adapting it to remotely identifying and analyzing sand fly habitats with the aim of measuring how common it is. Our methodology helps avoid the issue of resolution in satellite imagery by measuring likelihood rather than strictly known locations. We followed up this information with spatial analysis identifying which civilian populations are most prone to sand fly exposure, and therefore leishmaniasis, due to their geographical situation. Our results suggest that those most likely to be exposed to Leishmania are internally displaced persons, those camps less likely to receive medical relief and typically having temporary residents migrating elsewhere.
Spatial analysis of asbestos exposure and occupational health care in Poland during the period 2004-2013
Authors: Krówczyńska Małgorzata , Wilk Ewa
Published: November 2018

Asbestos is carcinogenic to humans and exposure to this substance can cause a wide range of diseases. In Poland 1997, a statutory ban was introduced on the production, use and marketing of products containing asbestos. The National Programme for Asbestos Abatement for 2009-2032 includes scheduled activities considering asbestos exposure assessment and health protection. As there are several data sources for asbestos exposure in Poland, which are not linked, the aim of this study was to gather and order them developing a PostgreSQL database, an open-source, objectrelational system. The data gathered combines the following information: the quantity of asbestos-cement products in use, details of asbestos manufacturing plants, the results of the measurements of asbestos fibre concentrations in the air and cases of asbestos-related diseases. The relational database was then used to develop a spatial analysis of asbestos monitoring and exposure in Poland to demonstrate the current state of realisation of the National Asbestos Abatement Programme in the country for 2009-2032 with the use of geoinformation techniques. The use of a database on health aspects of occupational and environmental asbestos exposure was also proposed in Asbestos, Asbestosis, and Cancer: Helsinki Criteria update 2014.
Mapping the potential distribution of the schistosomiasis intermediate host Biomphalaria straminea in China
Authors: Fan Jingyu , Yuan Xuejiao , Wang Menglin , Zhu Gengping
Published: November 2018

Biomphalaria straminea is native to Brazil but has established a population in Guangdong Province, China. Its potential of expanding and transmitting Schistosoma mansoni is of great concern. We seek to map S. mansoni transmission potential by predicting ecological dimensions and potential distributions of B. straminea using state-of-the-art ecological niche model approaches. Two environmental datasets were selected to fit individual and ensemble niche models, together with the evaluation of niche conservatism during B. straminea invasion in China. A small area is still occupied by the introduced population compared to that in Brazil. A vast space with suitable climate remains unfilled and might be available to B. straminea. Contrasting results of niche conservatism evaluation were attained based on the two environmental datasets. The coastal areas in southern China, together with south-western Yunnan and southern Hainan and Taiwan were consistent supported by multiple model approaches, showing high climate suitability for B. straminea. Attention should be paid to the possibility of S. mansoni epidemic in these identified areas, as high pressure due to propagation and future climate change may further complicate conditions. Our results call for rigorous monitoring and supervising along these areas in China.
Trend and spatial analysis of prostate cancer mortality in the state of Sergipe, Brazil
Authors: Góes José Augusto Passos , Souza Danilo de Gois , Andrade Lucas Almeida , Cunha Jéssica , Kameo Simone , Góes Marco Aurélio O. , De Menezes Andreia Freire , Nunes Marco Antônio P. , Machado de Araújo Karina Conceiçao Gomes , Santos Allan D.
Published: November 2018

This is an ecological study with exploratory analysis of spatial and temporal data based on mortality data with respect to prostate cancer obtained from the Mortality Information System concerning residents of the state of Sergipe, Brazil between 2000 and 2015. The analysis of temporal trends was performed using the Joinpoint Regression Program through Poisson regression. Spatial analysis was performed using the empirical Bayesian model, Kernel analysis, Global Moran and Local indices. There were 1,986 deaths due to prostate cancer, most of which occurring after 60 years of age. An increasing, non-constant but significant trend in mortality rates was noted. The kernel density estimator showed hotspot densities of the highest rates of prostate cancer mortality in the north-eastern and central regions of the state. High-risk clusters were identified for prostate cancer mortality (I = 0.55, P<0.01). There was an increase in prostate cancer mortality rates and a heterogeneous geographic distribution of risk areas, with high-risk priority areas identified in certain regions of the state. These priority areas include the municipalities located in the Northeast (Amparo do São Francisco, Aquidabã, Canhoba, Cedro de São João and Telha), the West (Frei Paulo and Pedra Mole) and the south-western region of the state (Poço Verde and Simão Dias).
A new species of Heterotrissocladius Spärck, 1923 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae) from Georgia, USA
Authors: Caldwell Broughton A. , Jacobsen Richard E.
Published: November 2018

Heterotrissocladius spiesi sp. n. is described from headwaters of two small Georgia streams, below the Fall Line in the Coastal Plain Physiologic Province, Atlantic Slope drainage. One stream is near the coast (Lower Coastal Plain) and characterized as a“blackwater” stream due to high tannin concentrations. The other stream is inland (Upper Coastal Plain), clear and not noticeably affected by tannins. The description is based on adult males, pharate male pupae and one attached larval skin. The new species is assignable to the H. marcidus species group with some exceptions. Males differ from the previous group by a reduced number of rather weak, short acrostichal setae (0-3, previously considered as typical of the subpilosus group) as well as by a very reduced wing squamal fringe compared to most members of the H. marcidus group. Males are recognizable by an elongate, thin virga, distinctive anal point and inflated/triangular gonostylus. The female is not described; the immature stages are very similar in some features to H. boltoni Sæther. At the inland stream, an adult male of the new species was found together with pharate male pupae (one with larval skin) of another, as yet undetermined species of Heterotrissocladius (marcidus group) also known from elsewhere in the state. Female adults and a pharate female pupa collected at the blackwater stream site are noted but not included in the description or type series.
An investigation of magnetic pulsations at Canadian magnetic observatories
Authors: Whitham K , Loomer E I
Published: November 2018

More than 1,000 pulsations, with approximately constant periods and ranges exceeding 3 gammas, have been studied using Meanook and Agincourt standard run magnetograms for the years 1951 to 1954. This investigation confirms the existence of two separate classes of
pulsations, differing in form, time of diurnal occurrence, and mean period. Some additional characteristics reported earlier from Scandinavia are confirmed, but it is now thought that the narrow band Rolf micropulsations are not infrequent ~ 1200 kms. south of the auroral zone in Canada. Very
few regular pulsations \1·ere observed on magnetograms from stations north of the auroral zone.
Although magnetohydrodynamic waves in the upper parts of the ionosphere provide a possible periodic explanation, the different times of occurrence of the classes in Scandinavia and Canada, and even across Canada, the relationship of the primary sources of pulsations to magnetic disturbance measured
by K-indices, and the southern geomagnetic extension in Canada of observable pulsations remain unexplained. Screening effects in the lower ionosphere are considered and provide one explanation of the observed amplitude-period trend.
The generation of seismic waves
Authors: Honda H
Published: November 2018

It is assumed that an earthquake is caused by the release of deviatoric stresses, and further that the effects of their release will be represented by the radial and transverse impulsive forces acting on the surface of a spherical cavity constructed around the
source of the earthquake. The motions of the P and S waves at large distances from the source are calculated theoretically, in the case when the patterns of the first motions of the waves are quadrantal. Comparisons of the results of the calculations with those of the observations are made for some
deep Japanese earthquakes.
Dislocations in foci of the Tadzhik Depression
Authors: Kukhtikova T I
Published: November 2018

Focal mechanism was determined for 100 earthquakes which occurred in the Tadzhik depression during the period 1955-59. A dipole with moment was indicated as the appropriate mechanism in 98 cases; in the two remaining cases a single force was found. It was shown
that the fault planes determined by seismic means agreed very well with surface faulting. It was also shown that a method which depended on studying the sequence of observations at a single station would have had no success in this area.
Determination of the mechanism of some Anatolian earthquakes
Authors: Öcal N
Published: November 2018

With the collaboration of J.H. Hodgson, the writer has used the Byerly method to determine the focal mechanism of three strong Anatolian earthquakes which took place in 1957. For the first of these (in Fethiye, April 24, 1957) movement was vertical on a vertical
plane. For the other two earthquakes (in Fethiye, April 25, 1957; in Abant, May 26, 1957) the movement was strike-slip.
National ethical guidelines for biomedical & health research involving human participants, 2017
Authors: Mathur Roli , Swaminathan Soumya
Published: November 2018

The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has been at the forefront in setting up the ethical guidance for the conduct of biomedical and health research in India. The latest version of National Guidelines for Biomedical and Health Research Involving Human Participants, 2017 was planned in order to provide a more detailed guidance to the existing topics in view of emerging ethical concerns and to add a number of newer areas in which guidance was lacking. The scope of the guidelines has been expanded to include socio-behavioural research related to health and research involving biological material and datasets. The guidelines have 12 sections which cover a wide range of topics and areas of research. The first six sections are more generic, applying to all types of biomedical and health research, while the next six sections are more subject specific. The guidelines have been revised in consultation with a large number of experts and stakeholders and went through an exhaustive process stretching over a period of two years in its drafting, review, consultation and finalisation. This commentary seeks to explain the process and key components of the Guidelines.
Labour & delivery monitoring patterns in facility births across five districts of India
Authors: Singh Shalini , Kashyap Jyotika A. , Chandhiok Nomita , Kumar Vipin , Singh Vishwajeet , Goel Richa
Published: November 2018

Background & objectives:

India has recorded a marked increase in facility births due to government's conditional cash benefit scheme initiated in 2005. However, concerns have been raised regarding the need for improvement in the quality of care at facilities. Here we report the monitoring patterns during labour and delivery documented by direct observation in reference to the government's evidence-based guidelines on skilled birth attendance in five districts of India.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study design with multistage sampling was used for observation of labour and delivery processes of low-risk women with singleton pregnancy in five districts of the country. Trained research staff recorded the findings on pre-tested case record sheets.

Results:

A total of 1479 women were observed during active first stage of labour and delivery in 55 facilities. The overall frequency of monitoring of temperature, pulse and blood pressure was low at all facilities. The frequency of monitoring uterine contractions and foetal heart sounds was less than the expected norm, while the frequency of vaginal examinations was high at all levels of facilities. Partograph plotting was done in only 15.8 per cent deliveries, and labour was augmented in about half of the cases.

Interpretation & conclusions:

The findings of our study point towards a need for improvement in monitoring of maternal and foetal parameters during labour and delivery in facility births and to improve adherence to government guidelines for skilled birth attendance.