bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban upgrading and its role in Sustainable urbanism
Authors: Alomari Ashwaq Fadhel
Published: July 2020

One of the biggest problems in the modern urban environment is the phenomenon of the spread of slums, which are threatening the future of the Iraqi city, and this phenomenon has become increasing over time and has become a danger spread in most Iraqi cities. The problem of research: is in the knowledge gap related to the role of the urban upgrading of the slums and the knowledge of the integration of these neighborhoods with the mother city to achieve the process of sustainable urbanization of this city. The research assumes that achieving sustainable urbanization is through the urban upgrading of slums. Therefore, the aim of the research is to reach a theoretical framework that shows the indicators of the spatial organization of the random neighborhoods and the detection of the treatments of the negative characteristics of these neighborhoods to achieve the quality of life which achieves the sustainable urban form. In order to test the hypothesis of the research, theoretical framework indicators were applied to areas of random neighborhoods in the city of Baghdad.
Millimeter Wave Massive MIMO Channel Estimation Using Subspace Pursuit Greedy Algorithm
Authors: Mohammed Yaseen A , Abbas Hatem H
Published: July 2020

Achieving high data rate communications and increasing system reliability are the essentials for 5G networks. Massive MIMO and millimeter wave (mmWave) communications along with the ongoing developments in the underlying infrastructure promise to sharply increase the aggregate capacity. The communication system harnessing the odds of the unused spectrum in mmWave bands is vulnerable to the extreme path loss that severely weakens the strength of the information-bearing signal. Nevertheless, exploiting hybrid beamforming and efficient high-speed channel estimation algorithm can help address this problem and create the communication systems required for 5G. Our main contribution in this paper is to propose a very high speed accurate greedy algorithm called Subspace Pursuit (SP) and we also compare the performance of this algorithm with two other greedy algorithms. Simulation results show that SP algorithm achieves a noticeable improvement in comparison with Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) and Regularized Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (ROMP) algorithms in terms of both the spectral efficiency and runtime.
Studying the Concentrations of Nitrite and Nitrate of Tigris River Water in Baghdad and Their Suitability to the Conditions Permitted Internationally
Authors: Rzaij Dina Raheem , Al-Jaaf Hyman Jafar , Al-Najjar Shahad Z. , Al-Sharify Zainab T. , Al-Moameri Harith H. , Mohammed Nawal A.
Published: July 2020

Water is the most important natural resources in countries with desert and semi-desert climates like Iraq because it controls the distribution of population and economic activities, especially agriculture. Water pollution is one of the major global problems of the scientific and political community. It threatens health, threatens life, impairs industrial activity and develops civilization. So this work aims to determine the qualitative changes in Tigris River water in Baghdad city through the evaluation of the river water quality in the seasons of the year using the water treatment project (W.T. Projects) operating in Baghdad city as a source of raw water. Samples of water were taken from the same point for four months (January, February, March and April). Seven water stations W.T. Projects were investigated as a fixed site area Al-Wahda, Al-rashed, Al-Karama, Al-Wthba, Al-doura, Al-Qadisiya, Um al-Khanazeer, Shark Dijla and Al-Khademya. The concentrations of nitrate, and nitrite in the water of Tigris River in Baghdad and their suitability to the conditions permitted internationally was tested. The samples of water of Tigris River have been conducted in winter and spring for the year of the study. The results of this work were examined and analyzed and the samples of the water taken and the rivers fed to it and the result of the year 2018 were compared to the data provided by the W.T. Projects for years 2015, 2016 and 2017. Then, the Nitrate and Nitrite were compared with the ratios measured in the past years after taking readings from the concerned departments and ministries for the W.T. projects (Ministry of Environment, Water Resources, and Baghdad Municipality). To do so, an extensive determination of the efficiency of the river’s water and the areas of pollution and identifying ways to reduce the degree of pollution. These tests carried to identify the main environmental problems affecting the quality of Tigris water and finding areas of pollution and thus identify ways to reduce the degree of pollution to reach the best ways to protect the aquatic environment. This work identifies the areas of pollution in water of the river, which will serve as a guide for all workers in this field.
Heavy metal ions removal using advanced oxidation (UV/H2O2) technique
Authors: Mohammed H A , Khaleefa Ali S A , Basheer M I
Published: July 2020

The continuous tubular reactor is used for the removal of heavy metals ions [Lead (Pb2+) & Copper (Cu2+)] from polluted water was investigated by using ultraviolet light and hydrogen peroxide. The experimental work gave good results, where the removal efficiency of Pb2+ at concentration of 10 ppm was (81.75%) using (15 mL of 30 % H2O2), and 63% using 15 mL of 50% H2O2, while the removal efficiency of Cu2+ at 10 ppm was (83.1%) at (15 mL of 30 % H2O2) and the removal efficiency of Cu2+ was (60.4%) after adding (15 mL of 50% H2O2) during 90 min. The dose of H2O2 increased with the increases in initial concentration of the heavy metal ions.
An Intelligent Disaster Management System Approach to Evacuation Strategies
Authors: Alazawi Zubaida A.
Published: July 2020

The importance of disaster management systems is undeniable and is unable to be underestimated because of the numerous manmade and natural disasters now days like theearthquake in Japan, the tsunami disaster in 2011 and the Hurricane Sandy in 2012. The Japan disaster estimated cost was more than 300 billion US dollar. The role of telecommunications and transport is an indispensable resource to manage disaster in averting the human life loss, economic cost and in controlling the disruption. Focusing on the emergency transporting systems, an emergency response system was proposed for disasters at various levels of scale. The system exploits the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) developments, in addition developing a new tool/model to assess the suggested intelligent disaster system within the transportation evacuation strategies performance. The Speed Strategy (SS) and Demand Strategy (DS) were evaluated separately and simultaneously, for traffic in urban networks. In this work the intelligent disaster system Intelligent which utilizes the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) were employed. In other words, varied substitute technologies which includes VANETs (Vehicular Ad hoc Networks) and mobile technologies are applied to suggest and examine an evacuation strategy called (Destination Strategy) while using the proposed Intelligent Disaster Management System. The effectiveness of the current developed system was observed by comparing the modelled consequences of a disaster on the transport environment with that of when the disaster management was implemented. Moreover, a balance and improvement in the traffic flow with effortless evacuation was observed as an outcome of the developed current work along with the implemented Designation Strategy.
Study the Fatigue Life Prediction of Polymer Matrix-Composite Under Varying Stresses
Authors: Kadhim Mohammed J. , Kamal Hamza M. , Kadhim Zeyad D.
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to investigate the defects and techniques of predicting the fatigue life of Nano-polymeric composites structures. This paper provides to studied the fatigue life prediction of polymer matrix reinforced by nano-particles (Nano-ZrO2). The fatigue stress ratio is R= -1. All Samples are usually manufacturing and divided from the mass of polymeric nano-ZrO2composites. The major property of nano-polmeric composite is depending on the dispersion process of nano ZrO2 in the resin. Specimen surface preparations play an important function in fatigue life. The polymer matrix contain nano-Zirconia will be decrease the brittle fracture of matrix enhance the roughness of the composite surface and the maximum fatigue stress, fatigue life under vayring loads. Better fatigue life was done when nano–materials reach to 3% from the total volume of specimen.
Practical Study on the Effect of Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate with Plastic Waste on some Normal Concrete Properties
Authors: AL-Kaabi Jasim Jarallah Fahad , Al-Soudani Maha , Sharba Amjad Ali K.
Published: July 2020

Plastic waste management has become a burden and a threat for countries and major cities as well as a danger to environmental safety. The current report covers the ability of the concrete sector to use and recycle plastic wastes. The demand for concrete and raw materials for construction engineering has become very high in recent years because of urban development and the expansion of cities. Therefore, the use of this waste in civil and structural engineering is considered a successful way to get rid of plastic wastes properly to protect the environment. This research investigates the effectiveness of using plastic drinking water bottles (currently the highest plastic waste on the Iraqi market) as a partial substitution of the gravel in concrete. Plastic waste was added in different weight ratios of 2.5%, 5% and 10% as a partial substitute for the gravel and a cement mixture. A benchmark of 0% plastic wastes was prepared as a reference concrete for comparison purposes. The results show the possibility of using plastic waste, such as construction material. The results show a decrease in concrete strength by 12%, 29%, and 47%, and a reduction in concrete density by 10%, 16% and 31%, respectively. Research results show that this is useful to add plastic wastes for obtaining lightweight concrete.
A Survey on Enhancing Wire/Wireless Routing Protocol Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Yas Ruwaida M , Hashem Soukaena H
Published: July 2020

Routing is a technique used for choosing the best network’s path and forwarding the data over the selected path. This paper investigates the enhanced routing algorithms for wire/wireless networks through making a deep study of the most new routing algorithms in those networks, then analyzing these algorithms to examine the efficiency and effectiveness of the analyzed algorithms. Moreover, the paper deals with OSPF for the wired network and AODV for the wireless network. The emphasis of this research paper is concentrated on the survey in routing algorithms that used in wired and wireless networks such as OSPF and AODV because such algorithms are the best suitable kinds for the two types of Networks. The next subsection describes the basic features of these protocols. This paper also focuses on the common points in wire/wireless routing algorithms and using machine learning techniques for enhancements and improvements.
A Novel MIMO Patch Antenna for 5G Applications
Authors: Abdulkareem Arwa , Farhan Malik Jasim
Published: July 2020

In this paper, a new MIMO patch antenna is proposed, the proposed antenna consist of patch with certain dimensions in the top layer of FR-4 dielectric substrate, and ground plane in the bottom of it, this antenna is feeding by microstrip feed line with 50-ohm characteristic impedance. The dimensions of the proposed antenna are (50 × 50 × 1.6) mm3, the FR-4 epoxy substrate has relative dielectric constant εγ=4.3, loss tangent tan (δ) =0.025. This antenna is realized a bandwidth of 4.337 GHz (24.22 – 28.557) GHZ and gain (3.68) dBi which is compatible with 5G applications. Some modifications were done in the ground plane and some of slots are etched on the patch to achieve the desired gain and bandwidth, all dimensions of these slots were chosen by using sweep parameter method to achieve the optimum value of them. The simulation results are obtained using CST software. And the proposed antenna is manufactured in the Electronic Manufacturing Center at the Ministry of Science and Technology, also the vital parameters are measured, a good agreement between simulation and measured results are achieved.
Effect of some plant extracts on the Pyocyanin Production from Pseudomonas Aeruginosa which Isolated from clinical samples
Authors: Musa Farkad Hawas , ismail Mohammed abdul aziz , Khaleel Raghad Waleed , Hussein Najeeb Mohammed
Published: July 2020

In this study, the effect of some plant extracts on the production of the Pyocyanin dye from the bacteria of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was known. This study included the use of two types of plants, ginger and ginkgo. These two plants were extracted in a waterway by the Sxolite apparatus. The raw extract of these plants was used, and several concentrations were made of it 20%, 40% and 80%, after which the Pyocyanin concentration was measured. After adding these extracts, the results showed that there were significant differences in the decrease in the production of the Piocyanin dye compared to the control by the bacteria. The decrease in the production varied according to the concentration, and the 80% concentration gave better results. The decrease in dye production compared to the rest of the treatments and compared to control.
Investigative Study on the Interaction and Applications of Plasma Activated Water(PAW)
Authors: Al-Sharify Zainab T. , Al-Sharify Talib A. , al-Obaidy baker W. , al-Azawi Ameer M.
Published: July 2020

Cold plasma is a budding technology that can be used as a nonthermal disinfectant and for surface modification which is free of chemicals and is environmentally friendly. The treatment of water with plasma, producing plasma activated water (PAW), generates an acidic condition resulting in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and creates change in the redox potential as well as conductivity. Consequently, the chemical composition of water and PAW differ from each other and can now be employed as a substitute for disinfection against microbes. The various sources of plasma used for PAW production, its physical and chemical properties and its prospective uses are reviewed in this paper. Particularly, the physiochemical properties of PAW will be discussed in the context of its acidity, conductivity, the amount of ROS and RNS, as well as its redox potential. Since the results are microbial in nature, the microbial disinfection with the use of PAW will also be reviewed. Lastly, the usage of PAW to enhance agricultural methods, such as its effect in plant growth and stimulating seed germination, is also discussed. It can be interpreted that PAW synergistically disinfects food as well as enhances the growth of seedlings. The boost in plant growth conceivably be mainly due to the increase in concentration of nitrate and nitrite ions in PAW. Therefore, in addition to the antimicrobial action of PAW, submerging seedlings in PAW supplements the germination of seeds and plant growth. This could possibly help fight against the drought stress and improve the yield of crops.
Application of Directional Control Solenoid Valves in Pneumatic Position System
Authors: Jaliel Ahmed Kadhiam , Badr Munaf F.
Published: July 2020

This paper focuses on the ability of application of electro pneumatic position control system based on. double acting pneumatic cylinder actuating by directional control solenoids valves and linked with position sensor. The suggested approach involved practical and theoretical work to realize an efficient pneumatic control system employed conventional solenoid valves instead of proportional or servo valves. It has required to set up a test rig contains the recommended electrical and pneumatic apparatus and involved the mathematical calculations as well as the computer simulation. A compare between practical and theoretical results have been carrying out to investigate the rendering of the suggested position control system including the position sensor. The obtained results showed that it can be used the directional control solenoid valve instead of other types of pneumatic valves such as proportional or servo solenoid valves with acceptable response and achieved position control system with high accuracy.
Innovative Urban Process to Revitalize Urban Spaces
Authors: Hattab Roua Kareem , Al Ani Mohammed Qasim Abdul Ghafoor
Published: July 2020

Today, the revitalization of city centers is an essential matter for the roads of an urban foundation for different cities especially in this moment of profound early innovation trend, city centers areas are the most vulnerable, especially urban spaces, which regarded as important and prominent core in improving the quality of citizen life. From another perspective, the Inventive public activities expose the potential of urban space and optimize spatial elements that provide a long-term effect on urban cities. Urban revitalization considers, as one of the most proper solutions for improving problematic urban areas, besides that there is an extended agreement that the innovation processes have noticeable importance in the case of urban spaces that needed for improvement. The research problem handles the absence of an integrated theoretical framework of urban revitalization within global innovation trends, critical difficulty about the link between them, and finally, the implementation of the urban space revitalize. The research attempts to investigate the problem by identifying a fundamental goal represented by revealing the importance of urban inventive process Included under scope of essential dominions of urban revitalization, and specifically the application on urban space; the paper presents the historical urban space and public paths of the Bab Al-Wastany in historical Baghdad city as a case study.
Efficient Energy of Smart Grid Education Models for Modern Electric Power System Engineering in Iraq
Authors: Abed Faisal Theyab , ALRikabi Haider Th. Salim , Ibrahim Isam Aameer
Published: July 2020

Smart grid integrates the use of high end technologies so that the generation of energy as well as its delivery can be done with greater performance to the multiple locations and regions. As Iraq is one of the elevating countries in the energy sector and enormous projects, the need to integrate the smart grids arise. This manuscript underlines the assorted perspectives of the smart grid technologies with the integration of solar system and the implementation aspects in Iraq. With the integration of smart grid based architecture and cumulative formulation of the effectual approaches the overall energy can be optimized and higher degree of throughput can be achieved with greater values in the overall performance. In Iraq, there are many projects which are under development and many development using which the overall energy based projects are getting successful in Iraq with the overall elevated growth of the country in multiple sectors including power, security, corporate, international relations, finance and many others. In this research manuscript, the assorted factors and the projects with the multiple dimensions of energy optimization and power saving in Iraq are presented with the pragmatic results.
Preparation of Nano Zeolite and itsApplication in Water Treatment
Authors: Gadhban Maryam Yousif , Abdulmajed Yossor Riadh , Ali Fatima Dheif , Al-Sharify Zainab T.
Published: July 2020

Nano-Zeolite was prepared for removing methylene blue from wastewate rby the use of packed bed column. The prepared adsorbent was characterized by XRD and AFM. The characterization result shows that the size of diameter was 95 nm. It was observed that the nano-zeolite was active for the removal of methylene blue as adsorbent. Methylene blue are common wastewater contaminants at industrial installation. The adsorption of methylene blue by nano-zeolite was studied by a pilot plant packed bed column. Continuous flow tests were performed to find the breakthrough times. The breakthrough curve was examined for different parameters such as flow rate (0.5-1-1.5 ml/min), initial concentration (15-25-35 mg/lit) and bed height (4-6-8 cm). Based on these investigations, it appears that the time of the breakthrough increases with an increase in the bed height and decreases with increases in the initial concentrations and flow rates.
Effect of Titanium Oxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles on Reduced Crude Oil Residue
Authors: Shakir Sarah Talib , Husham Mohammed Al. Tameemi , Asaad Saasa Agrab , Durgam Flaih Hatem , Ahmed Abbas Ubead
Published: July 2020

Over the last decade, Nanotechnology has been developed and enter in many fields especially in the oil and gas industries such as gas mobility control, sensing or imaging, enhanced oil recovery and other applications. Nanotechnology research and development in the oil and gas industries are very active and this is because of special properties of nanoparticles. The purpose of this paper is to review recent research into the effect of nanoparticles of titanium oxide (TiO2) on reduce crude oil viscosity that produce from atmospheric distillation. RCR has high viscosity and transport of it is very difficult through pipes caused many problems and financial loses so that many treatments are needed to overcome these problems. This research investigated many parameters through three pipes with different diameters (0.0127, 0.01905 and 0.0254 m) I.D., different concentrations (0.00625, 0.0125, 0.01875, 0.025 and 0.0375 (gm/L) w/v) at 50 oC and flow rate is about 50% of maximum. The results of this research: are display below:-The drag reduction performance is much better in larger pipes diameter than smaller, TiO2 NP’s effect on RCR viscosity and the maximum percentage of viscosity deviation is about 1.6% and addition of TiO2 NP’s to RCR is reduced pressure drop, %Dr and shear stress.
Room mode analysis for classrooms: a case study in the College of Engineering
Authors: Ibrahim Shatha AJ
Published: July 2020

Noise can affect students through both auditory and non-auditory effects, which can compromise concentration, and learning and communication abilities. According to a previous study done by the same author in the College of Engineering, Al-Mustansiriyah University, it was observed that 39.5% of the students suffered because of the noise in the classrooms. They felt discomfort, hearing difficulty, need to raise speech sound, tinnitus, lack of focusing, nausea, and headache. Therefore, the room mode was calculated for different classrooms size in various departments to evaluate their sound quality and compare the results with standards. Acoustic parameters, namely background noise and reverberation time, were also measured and analyzed. The room mode analysis showed that most of the frequencies are focused around the transition range of frequency, causing maximum and minimum peaks in frequency response of 20 dB or greater. Therefore, the sound quality in the classrooms is not appropriate for education. Background noise levels and reverberation time are higher than the values established by the standards. Thus, it is recommended that an appropriate acoustical environment in the classrooms should be developed for the benefit of students and teachers.
Performance of Nanoparticles Combination (SiO2, Al2O3) on Highway Concrete Pavement
Authors: Ahmed Nahla Yassoub , Alkhafaji Fatimah Fahem
Published: July 2020

Nano materials are being used in concrete technology to enhance the sustainability of performance grade for the pavement construction. In this paper, test investigations are conducted to study the addition effect of nanoparticles combination (Al2O3, SiO2) with the average diameter of 20 nm and with different acceptable percentages (Al2O3 : 0% and SiO2 : 0 %), (Al2O3 : 0.5% and SiO2 : 0.5 %), (Al2O3 : 0.5% and SiO2 : 1 %), (Al2O3 : 0.5% and SiO2 : 1.5 %), (Al2O3 : 1% and SiO2 : 0.5 %), (Al2O3 : 1.5% and SiO2 : 0.5 %) and (Al2O3 : 1% and SiO2 : 1 %) by weight of cement on the mechanical properties (compressive strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity) and the thickness design of concrete pavement. The optimal combination which contributed to the highest values of mechanical properties at (28) days in order to maintain the workability requirement of nano concrete mixes was found (Al2O3 : 1% and SiO2 : 0.5 %) which associated with the decrement in concrete pavement thickness, when all other factors were held constant. It is concluded that cement modification with nano particles (combination of SiO2 and Al2O3) increased compressive strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity though decreased concrete pavement thickness.
Effect of rubber tire on behaviour of subgrade expansive Iraqi soils
Authors: Hasan Hanan Adnan , Mohammed Lecturer Hadeel Ammar , Masood Lecturer Ghadah Ghassan
Published: July 2020

In this study focuses on improving an expansive soils geotechnical properties treated by tire crumble and decreasing the natural contamination by this waste material. The waste rubber of tire in the form of crumble with size ranging between 0.08 to 2 mm with proportion from 0 to 10% was used in this examination. Routine tests such as compaction, unconfined compressive strength, consolidation and swelling pressure test have been done on untreated and treated soils with crumble tire rubber. According to the test results it was found that, the maximum dry density of treated samples decrease with increased tire crumble content, while a slight reduction in the optimum moisture content was found simultaneously. Also, the results of unconfined compression tests showed that, the crumble tire rubber could not improve the properties despite the fact that that the soil still in the hardened consistency. In like manner results demonstrate that using crumble rubber might be successful procedure in upgrading the soil characteristics against swelling potential of soils by approximately 29.8, 43.4, 49.39, 14.77 times than untreated soil for (1, 3, 5, 10%) tire crumble rubber content. In addition the results show increasing crumble tire rubber content from 1 to 5% gave low displacement values by about (26.01 - 43.9)% than its value in untreated samples. Finally, it has additionally seen that using of crumble tire rubber aides in decreasing the compression index, consolidation coefficient, permeability coefficient and volume change coefficient.
Design, Manufacturing and Testing of Biaxial Mechanical Travelling Pluviator
Authors: Aldefae Asad H. , Saleem Hiba D.
Published: July 2020

This paper includes design, manufacturing, operation and testing of a special device for preparation of granular or sandy soil (cohesionless soil) models that widely used as a part of the physical modelling in geotechnical engineering which is a main part of the civil engineering. To achieve a desired and uniform relative density of sandy soil models during preparation, air pluviation technique using pluviator is more suitable as the sand particles can be dandified through falling of sand grains from different heights and may even reaches to very dense state. Steel materials from local markets are used in the design of mechanical pluviator manufacturing. The mechanical pluviator consist of main steel frame, movable bench that can be moved up and down mechanically, crane lever to control on the pluviator container, pulleys and wheels. CPT tests are conducted at different prepared sandy models to investigate the skin resistance at different densities and the results shows great agreement. Different steel sections materials with different light steel plates which reduce the device weight available in the local markets were used in the manufacturing of the pluviator machine. The machine was provided by crane lever and gear box that can be controlled mechanically to achieve the desired height for the falling sand grains. The maximum height that can be attained is 120 cm and 40 cm is the minimum value. The machine contained also a v-shape container provided with 4 reels or pulleys that can be moved back and forth along two parallel steel tubes girders which the filled sandy model is located below it. The v shape container has two plate sides; the first one is fixed while the other is movable to achieve the desired opening depth or slot width and can be changed easily. The container with its carried frame can be controlled via mechanical rode that can be move up and down using multi-coil wire. The machine is verified using cone penetration test at results at different soil relative densities.
Three Dimensional Analysis of Raft Foundation Rest on Homogenous Soil Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Fakhraldin M K , Shlash K T
Published: July 2020

The study includes analysis of Al – Samaraie Hospital raft foundation by the finite element method (FEM) using program package Fear 4.0. The analysis conducted on the foundation is resting on infinite, homogeneous, isotropic soil. In this study, effect of raft thickness, soil properties, modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio of soil are investigated. The most dominant parameters such as thickness of raft foundation, modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio of soil are graphically plotted against maximum displacements, maximum positive and negative bending moments (Mx, My and Mxy). The results showed that raft thickness and soil properties play a vital role in changing the values of maximum positive and negative moments (Mx, My) and maximum displacements, while their effect on maximum positive and negative moment (Mxy) can be considered as insignificant. Also, empirical equations have been developed to calculate maximum positive and negative bending moment (Mx, My) and maximum displacements beneath the raft. This is performed by the aid of statistical program (Statistic). The accuracy of the proposed equations was ranging between 92.7% and 99.9%.
Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene Terephthalate-Modified Pavement Mixture
Authors: Al-Haydari Israa Saeed , Al-Haidari Hawraa Saeed
Published: July 2020

Utilization of by-product or waste materials in paving structure may provide environmental and economic advantages. Accordingly, in this experimental study, the waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymers, shredded water bottles, was used in hot mix asphalt (HMA) preparation. The HMA’s mechanical properties were inspected by means of Marshall Stability, volumetric characteristics, Indirect Tensile Strength Test, and Tensile Strength Ratio. The laboratory test results revealed a significant enhancement in mechanical performance, especially in moisture damage resistance results.
Temperature Records in Concrete Box-Girder Segment Subjected to Solar Radiation and Air Temperature Changes
Authors: Abid Sallal. R. , Tayşi Nildem , Özakça Mustafa
Published: July 2020

This paper presents the experimental results of a full-scale concrete box-girder segment subjected to ambient thermal loads. The experimental segment was instrumented with 62 thermocouples to measure the concrete temperatures in different locations and a weather station to measure air temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation. The records from the different sensors were collected for more than one year at time intervals of 30 minutes. The full one-year records showed that the maximum vertical temperature gradient was occurred in June and was approximately 20 °C, while the maximum lateral temperature gradient was occurred in December and was 19 °C. Finally, a vertical temperature gradient model, which composes of three multi-linear parts, was proposed. The resulted temperature distributions, stresses, and deflection from the proposed model were closer to those of the experimental gradient compared to the AASHTO’s and the NZ Bridge Manual’s gradient models.
The Environmental Impact Reduction of Highway Traffic Congestion using Sustainable Tool
Authors: Abdulwahab Areej Muhy , Torki Halla A. , Jaism Abbas F.
Published: July 2020

The global environment is mainly affected by the increase in traffic volumes at intersections in terms of air pollution. Serious solutions are needed to avoid air pollution specially in the crowded in congested intersections. Recently, the concept of sustainability and sustainable tools has been found to minimize congestion and excess emissions of the gaseous pollutants problem to some extent. The current study focused on a critical intersection in Baghdad city which is Shaab-Selekh intersection. Shaab-Selekh intersection can be classified as the most congested intersection for its high traffic density, especially in the morning and afternoon peak hours. This study evaluates the level of service, estimating the environmental impact (air pollution) due to traffic congestion, and propose set of sustainable tools to reduce air pollution associated with reduced congestion traffic. In order to reach these objectives, many factors were considered such as traffic volumes and counting time periods (morning and afternoon peak hour) in December 2018 by (video recording technique and manual counting). In addition, SIDRA software version 5.1 was used to evaluate the level of service for the intersection and indicated that it equal to LOS F, and to estimate air pollutants (CO2, HC, CO, NO2). This study will also compare air pollutants for the study area with international standards and the congestion cause negative impacts on the environment.
Behavior of Pre-stressed Concrete Deep Beams
Authors: Hajam Zuhear Abed , Mahmoud Kamal Shahada , Yousif Mustafa Ahmed
Published: July 2020

Six simply supported deep beams were tested to show the influence of prestressing strand on the behavior of reinforced concrete deep beams. All tested beams have same gross sectional area (42000) mm2, compressive strength (30) MPa, clear span length (1000) mm, longitudinal and vertical reinforcement and the strengthened beams are strengthening by one strand with (12.7mm) diameter. Tested beams were divided into two groups according to the existence of prestressing strand, the first group consist of one deep beam without prestressing strand and it is considered as a reference, while, the second group consist of five Pre-stressed concrete deep beams divided according to the magnitude of jacking stress (fpj) ranging from (250 to 450) bar. During the test, it was found that, the load deflection curves for Pre-stressed concrete deep beams are stiffer compared with the reference beam and the percentage of stiffness was increased with the increase in the magnitude of jacking stress (fpj), and the maximum applied load increased to 8.89%, 13.68%, 18.00%, 24.77% and 33.55% with increasing the jacking stress respectively, compared with the refer beam. on the other hand, the deflection values at mid span increase with decreasing rate to 46.34%, 31.71%, 19.51%,9.75% and 2.44% with increasing the jacking stress respectively, compared with reference beam and the maximum applied load at first crack was increased to 13.64%, 15.56%, 17.4%, 20.84% and 26.93% with increasing jacking stress respectively, compared with reference beam. Finally, the failure mode for deep beam changed from flexural-shear failure to diagonal splitting failure when prestressing strand has been added.
Effect of joint positions on flexural behaviors of box segmental specimens internally post tensioned under cyclic and static loadings
Authors: Wrayosh Waleed A. , Hashim Ahmed H.
Published: July 2020

The goal of this paper is to get a better knowledge of effect of joint positions on flexural behavior of box segmental specimens under bending stresses. Three segmental specimens with internal tendons were produced and tested. Each segmental specimen was produced assembling three precast concrete segments and they were connected by using four post tensioning tendons. All segmental specimens were formed with dry joint type, but they different in joint positions. All specimens were tested under two types of loadings cyclic and static two point loads. The test of cyclic loading was carried out by exposure each specimen to three loading cycles. The static load test was carried out in same rate of loading that of cyclic load test and all girder specimens were tested up to failure. The loads versus deflections at specified points were recorded. Also, cracking, mode of failure and ultimate loads values were recorded as well as the concrete surface strains at the specified locations for both loadings.
Study the Effect of Mineral Filler on the Mechanical Properties of Hot Mix Asphalt
Authors: Mohammed Eman Abdul Al-Hasan , Mohamad Safaa A , Khaled Teba Tariq , Alzubaidi Ayar
Published: July 2020

The important component in the asphalt mixture is mineral filler materials as it plays an essential part in the stiffening and toughening of asphalt binder. In addition, the mechanical properties of asphalt binder are influenced by the mineral filler, and significantly affected with respect to stripping or moisture susceptibility. This paper is displayed the mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures that used asphalt binder grade (40-50), the gradation of aggregates selected with the mid-point according to the Iraqi specification and two types of mineral filler materials (High Reactivity Attapulgite (HRA) and Portland Cement (PC)) according to the empirical requirements. The mixtures are produced and compacted according to the Marshall Mix design method. In addition, this paper is displayed the positive influence of HRA and PC in the asphalt mixtures such as (Volumetric Properties, Marshall Properties, Marshall Stiffness, the Indirect Tensile Strength and Moisture Susceptibility). The results explained that the (5%) and (7%) HRA had an important influence on the properties of asphalt mixtures. With the increment in the percentages of HRA, the volumetric properties of asphalt mixtures enhanced. Laboratory investigation results support the advantage of adding HRA to the asphalt mixtures. HRA as an active mineral filler has good resistance to moisture sensitivity and mechanical properties, which contributes to extending the life cycle of the pavement layer.
Evaluation of Recycled Demolition Waste Aggregates for base and sub-base use in Roads
Authors: Thameel Salah Sabbar , Mustafa Ayad Sliebi , Mohsin Ahmed Abdulkadhim
Published: July 2020

Recycling of debris to obtain the recycled aggregates for sub-base materials in road construction is a foremost application to be promoted to gain economical and sustainable benefits. In this study, different types of demolition waste samples were subjected classification tests such as chemical tests, particle size distribution, compaction, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test. The experimental work included fourteen samples at different weight were taken to determine the proportion of demolition waste subbase. The result of sampling tests were compared with the general specifications for roads and bridges (SORB/R6), it was f that the effect of SO3, gypsum and total soluble salt (TSS) parameter on the demolition waste subbase were low and the gradation of demolition waste subbase was class A. the California bearing ratio CBR value was 37% with maximum dry density 2035 kg/m3, in addition the average compaction test was 95.98%, whereas the optimum moisture content of the study materials was 8%.
Improving the properties of asphalt mixture using fiber materials
Authors: Al-Bdairi Ahmed , Al-Taweel Hayder Mohammed , Noor Hussein Mohammed
Published: July 2020

In Iraq, the increasing in number of vehicles and trucks with their heavy traffic loading under high temperature can led to different types of failures in pavements. Various types of fibbers in asphalt mixtures have been used to improve the paving properties to resist the developed distresses form the applied stresses. The main objective of this research is to find the effect of using two types of fibbers (Steel Fiber and Polypropylene Fiber) on the performance of asphalt mixture grade (40-50) from Al-Daurah refinery. In this work, four percentages of steel fibber and Polypropylene Fiber are used as combinations which are (0.4-0, 0.3-0.1, 0.2-0.2, 0.1-0.3 and 0-0.4) % by total weight of asphalt mixture. Three types of tests are carried out (stability, indirect tensile strength and flow tests) to investigate the influence of using the fibbers on hot mix asphalt. The tests are conducted in two different temperatures (40 and 60). The results show that using the combination of 0.3 steel fibber and 0.1 of Polypropylene fibber can improve the stability and flow by 34.9% and 67.7% respectively at temperature of 40c. In addition, the result shows that using the combination of 0.3 steel fibber and 0.1 of Polypropylene fibber can reduced temperature susceptibility. Finally, the use of double fibbers does not improve the stability and flow at 60c.
Performance of concrete-filled steel tube truss girders strength by adding reinforcement
Authors: Thejeel Marwa M. , Shallal Muhaned A.
Published: July 2020

Concrete filled steel tube (CFST) truss girder usually consists of CFST chords and hollow braces. The performance of steel tube truss girders filled with self-compacting concrete was investigated in this study. A total of eight CFST truss girders (Warren-vertical truss) specimens were tested. The main parameters were the concrete compressive strength and adding a reinforced bar in the concrete core of the bottom chord. Two of specimens without reinforcement were suggested as reference specimens. This study shows the load-deflection curves at the midspan, overall deflections, ultimate loads, flexural strength and failure modes of the tested specimens. The Proposed design equation found in the literature was used to predict the flexural strength of CFST trusses. The failure mode includes: weld fracture and shredding around joints and local buckling of the diagonal braces. Results show that the increase of concrete compressive strength caused a slight increase of the CFST truss strength by about (2.8%-10.34%), also the results showed that the best addition to the core concrete of the bottom chord was the circular steel tube compared with the addition of the steel bars.
Ultra-High-Performance Concrete Using Local Materials And Production Methods
Authors: Muteb Haitham H. , Hasan Dhafer M.
Published: July 2020

The modern architectural designs and building techniques in the constriction field need new materials. Those materials have high compressive strength, such as an Ultra-High-Performance Concrete, which abbreviates by UHPC. The UHPC is suitable to use for high-rise buildings and long-span bridges. Therefore, this study investigated the ability to produce UHPCs depends on available materials and the optimum proportion of these materials. Also, the increment of the steel fiber is needed to study its effects on the mechanical properties of the UHPC. Therefore, four Fraction Volume of steel fiber content has been adopted, which were 0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, and 4.5%. The results showed the ability to produce UHPC with a compressive strength reaches to 150 MPa, by using affordable materials. However, the increase of the steel fiber content would be improved the compressive strength of about 40% for the steel fiber content of 4.5% as well as the rupture stress increased to 160% for the same fraction. The results revealed that the reduction of the compressive strength reaches to 0.69 when used small molds.
Evaluating the Efficiency of Strengthening Hot-Rolled I-Sectioned Steel Beams by using Additional Plates and Inclined Stiffeners with Various Widths
Authors: S. D. AL-Ridha Ahmed , Abbood Ali A. , Atshan Ali F.
Published: July 2020

In this research, an attempt has been made to study the efficiency of strengthening hot-rolled I-sectioned steel beams by using additional steel plates welded at top and bottom flanges and inclined stiffeners with various widths welded at both sides of the web. This addition was incorporated to increase the moment of inertia about x and y axes (Ix-x and Iy-y) in order to reduce the vertical mid-span deflection as well as the horizontal strain and to prevent (or at least postpone) the occurrence of the lateral buckling. It was found that, the basic governing role of the additional top and bottom steel plates was to enlarge (Ix-x) for the purpose of decreasing the vertical mid-span deflection and the horizontal strain, while the major contribution of the inclined stiffeners was found that primarily its configuration provides some kind of lateral support and secondarily through increasing (Iy-y). It was also found that the usage of this type of strengthening leads to increase the ultimate load value in addition to the pre-mentioned reduce in deflection and strain. On the other hand, the failure mode is noticed to be changed from “lateral buckling” type (for the non strengthened beams) to a “plastic hinge” type at mid-span (for the strengthened beams) which is attributed to letting the strengthened beam attain its full flexural capacity through preventing (or postponing) the occurrence of lateral buckling.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation on the Effect of Carbon Nanotubes on Flexible Pavement
Authors: Alkaissi Zainab.A. , Alghalibi Eman A. , leabi Wafa k. , Najim L.
Published: July 2020

One of the most recently application for pavement performance improvement is the application of nonmaterial technology. The objectives of this research are to study the beneficial effect of using Nano Carbon Tube (NCTs) on the behaviour of asphalt mixture as preliminary indications and on the performance behaviour of flexible pavement system as a final investigation. The obtained experimental and finite element modelling results showed that adding (0.1%) and (1%) NCTs improved the stability value of asphalt mixture about (15%) and the addition of 0.5 % reduced the flow value around (2%) which means providing enhancement for rutting resistance. High elastic modulus value of (14000 MPa) are obtained at (0.5%) NCTs. This demonstrated the significant improvement of mechanical properties of modified asphalt mixtures as compared with control mix. The experimental results demonstrated the beneficial applications of carbon nanotubes NCTs additives to minimize the effect of moisture susceptibility for hot asphalt mixtures at (0.1%). The modified asphalt mixture with NCTs decreased the resistance to fatigue damage life of flexible pavement at (0.1%) and (0.5 %) NCTs but provide improve the fatigue resistance by about (10%) at (1%) NCTs and improved the resistance to rutting damage significantly about (83%), (233%), and (250%) for (0.1%), (0.5%) and (1%) NCTs respectively.
Effect of Cement Content on Compressive and Bonding Strength with Steel Bar Reinforcement
Authors: Almusawi Aqil M , Mehrath Habeeb J , Qasim Tamara A , Shallal Muhaned A
Published: July 2020

Concrete is the most important building material due to the availability of its constituent materials and its easy manufacturing; it is commonly reinforced with a steel bar to resist the tensile stresses. The present research discusses the effect of cement content on the bonding strength with the steel bar reinforcement as well as the concrete strength while fixing the fine/coarse aggregate proportion, the slump and the water/cement ratio. Two series have been produced by using different types of steel bars (smooth and deformed) with a different cement content of (250, 300, 350, 400 and 450 kg/m3). These two parameters were used to study the effect of the cement content and the mechanical interlocking on the bonding strength between concrete and steel bars. The results of this study showed that the compressive strength increases with the increasing of cement content up to 400 kg/m3, and then there is no significant improvement in compressive strength. However, the bonding strength with the steel bar increases even at 450 kg/m3. For any cement content, the deformed bars exhibited a better bonding strength of several times than the smooth bars.