bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytical Modelling of a Refractive Index Sensor Based on an Intrinsic Micro Fabry-Perot Interferometer
Authors: Vargas-Rodriguez Everardo , Guzman-Chavez Ana , Cano-Contreras Martin , Gallegos-Arellano Eloisa , Jauregui-Vazquez Daniel , Hernández-García Juan , Estudillo-Ayala Julian , Rojas-Laguna Roberto
Published: October 2015

In this work a refractive index sensor based on a combination of the non-dispersive sensing (NDS) and the Tunable Laser Spectroscopy (TLS) principles is presented. Here, in order to have one reference and one measurement channel a single-beam dual-path configuration is used for implementing the NDS principle. These channels are monitored with a couple of identical optical detectors which are correlated to calculate the overall sensor response, called here the depth of modulation. It is shown that this is useful to minimize drifting errors due to source power variations. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of a refractive index sensing setup, based on an intrinsic micro Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) is described. Here, the changes over the FPI pattern as the exit refractive index is varied are analytically modelled by using the characteristic matrix method. Additionally, our simulated results are supported by experimental measurements which are also provided. Finally it is shown that by using this principle a simple refractive index sensor with a resolution in the order of 2.15 × 10−4 RIU can be implemented by using a couple of standard and low cost photodetectors.
Features Analysis of Dry Stone Walls of Tuscany (Italy)
Authors: Agnoletti Mauro , Conti Leonardo , Frezza Lorenza , Monti Massimo , Santoro Antonio
Published: October 2015

Terraced systems currently represent an indubitable added value for Tuscany, as well as for other Italian regions and for several Mediterranean countries. This value goes beyond their original function of hosting new areas for cultivation. The hydrological functions performed by these systems, including control of erosion, stabilisation of the slopes, prolongation of runoff times and the possible reduction of the volumes of surface runoff, are well-known. In addition, they also play a strategic role in the conservation of biodiversity and in maintaining local identity. At a national level, the terraced agricultural systems fall within the scope of actions scheduled in the National Strategic Plan for Rural Development 2007–2013, and the standards of Good Agricultural and Environmental Conditions (GAECs) envisages that they be maintained through the granting of economic aid as laid down in the Rural Development Plans 2007–2013 and 2014–2020. Eighteen sample areas, previously selected on the basis of the terracing intensity index (defined as the ratio between the lines representing the walls and the surface of 1 ha), were subjected for on-site surveys to determine the geo-typological features through the identification and measurement of the main technical-construction parameters of the dry stone walls. This analysis also enabled assessments of the overall state of conservation of the dry stone walls in order to suggest operations for safeguarding and protection.
Risk Assessment on Dietary Exposure to Aflatoxin B1 in Post-Harvest Peanuts in the Yangtze River Ecological Region
Authors: Ding Xiaoxia , Wu Linxia , Li Peiwu , Zhang Zhaowei , Zhou Haiyan , Bai Yizhen , Chen Xiaomei , Jiang Jun
Published: October 2015

Based on the 2983 peanut samples from 122 counties in six provinces of China’s Yangtze River ecological region collected between 2009–2014, along with the dietary consumption data in Chinese resident nutrition and health survey reports from 2002 and 2004, dietary aflatoxin exposure and percentiles in the corresponding statistics were calculated by non-parametric probability assessment, Monte Carlo simulation and bootstrap sampling methods. Average climatic conditions in the Yangtze River ecological region were calculated based on the data from 118 weather stations via the Thiessen polygon method. The survey results found that the aflatoxin contamination of peanuts was significantly high in 2013. The determination coefficient (R2) of multiple regression reflected by the aflatoxin B1 content with average precipitation and mean temperature in different periods showed that climatic conditions one month before harvest had the strongest impact on aflatoxin B1 contamination, and that Hunan and Jiangxi provinces were greatly influenced. The simulated mean aflatoxin B1 intake from peanuts at the mean peanut consumption level was 0.777–0.790 and 0.343–0.349 ng/(kg·d) for children aged 2–6 and standard adults respectively. Moreover, the evaluated cancer risks were 0.024 and 0.011/(100,000 persons·year) respectively, generally less than China’s current liver cancer incidence of 24.6 cases/(100,000 persons·year). In general, the dietary risk caused by peanut production and harvest was low. Further studies would focus on the impacts of peanut circulation and storage on aflatoxin B1 contamination risk assessment in order to protect peanut consumers’ safety and boost international trade.
L’édition et la distribution du livre aux Etats-Unis : lignes de force
Authors: Cusset François
Published: October 2015

Number one cultural industry in the United States, the book industry can be portrayed by looking at three facets : a relatively low degree of diversity within the book title output, a new balance of power between major conglomerates and new forms of independent publishing, and the rise and fame of bookstore chains and online distributors.
Property-Denoting NPs and Non-Canonical Genitive Case
Authors: Kagan Olga
Published: October 2015

n/a
The Semantics and Pragmatics of Clausal Question-Answer Pairs in ASL
Authors: Davidson, Caponigro & Mayberry Kathryn, Ivano & Rachel
Published: October 2015

n/a
Verbal Nouns and Event Structure in Scottish Gaelic
Authors: Catriona Ramchand Gillian
Published: October 2015

n/a
QUESTIONS WITH FLOATED QUANTIFIERS
Authors: Deprez Viviane
Published: October 2015

n/a
The Great Scope Inversion Conspiracy
Authors: Buring Daniel
Published: October 2015

n/a
Serum Level of the Adipokine â€œVaspinâ€ in Relation to Metabolic Parameters: Short â€“ Term Effect of Specific Dietary Therapy
Authors: Moaty Maha I. A. , El Shebini Salwa M. , Ahmed Nihad H. , Hussein Ahmed M.S. , Mohamed Magda S. , Tapozada Salwa T. , Hanna Laila M.
Published: October 2015

AIM: To investigate the association between the circulating vaspin concentration and both of glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients, and also to evaluate the metabolic impact of two different dietary therapies on such conditions.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Â Fifty eight obese female volunteers suffering from MetS, followed a specially designed dietary therapy consists of a low caloric balanced diet, accompanied by either 30% doum biscuits (group A), or whole wheat biscuits (group B) for four weeks (phase 1). During the next four weeks, they were continued on the hypocaloric diet alone (phase 2).RESULTS: The health effects of two dietary therapies were more prominent in improving the biochemical markers of the MetS than in the body weight reduction. The lower levels of serum vaspin were significantly increased at the end of the 1st phase in both groups especially group (A). Sustained negative correlations were detected between vaspin level and both of C-peptide and insulin resistance expressed as modified homeostatic model assessment (M.HOMA).CONCLUSION: The effect of the dietary supplements may play a role in alleviating the impact of the components of the MetS and may also sustain the level of the vaspin in the sensitization of the C-peptide in order to attain glucose homeostasis.
Comparison of Three Protocols: Dietary Therapy and Physical Activity, Acupuncture, or Laser Acupuncture in Management of Obese Females
Authors: Hassan Nayera E , El-Masry Sahar A , Elshebini Salwa M , Al-Tohamy Muhamed , Ahmed Nihad H , Abdel Rasheed Enas , El-Saeed Gamila SM , Hassan Nagwa M , Zikri Emad N , El Hussieny Mohamed S
Published: October 2015

AIM: The aim of this study was to compare efficiency of three types of obesity management protocols: dietary measures and physical activity; acupuncture or laser acupuncture withÂ Â  healthy diet among obese females.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Randomized longitudinal prospective study, carried out on 76 adult females. Blood pressure, anthropometric, ultrasonographic and biochemical assessments were done.RESULTS: Females undergo nutritional intervention showed highly significant improvement in the anthropometric measurements, visceral fat at umbilicus by US and diastolic blood pressure (decreased), and insignificant differences in fasting blood sugar and lipid profile. Female undergo acupuncture intervention showed highly significant improvement in visceral fat by US, lipid profile (decreased triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL, and increased HDL), and decreased fasting blood sugar, and insignificant differences in the anthropometric measurements. Those undergo laser intervention showed highly significant improvement in all anthropometric measurements under study, visceral fat at umbilicus by US, blood pressure and some parameters of lipid profile (decreased total cholesterol and LDL). CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional intervention alone could be used to reduce weight if the lipid profile within normal range, but if it is impaired, acupuncture should be used beside. To strength the reduction in body anthropometry, laser intervention was recommended beside the nutritional intervention.
CARD15 Gene 3020insC Mutation with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Patients in the Black Sea Region of Turkey
Authors: Gok Ilhami , Ucar Fahri , Ozgur Orhan , Celebi Altay , SentÃ¼rk Omer , Hulagu Sadettin
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: The role of the CARD15 gene 3020insC frameshift mutation in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) investigated without a definitive conclusion. The incidence of this mutation in Turkish patients with Crohnâ€™s disease is not known.OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether the CARD15/NOD2 3020insC frameshift mutation is a risk factor for patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Black Sea Region population in Turkey.METHODS: We studied 3020insC mutation of CARD15/NOD2 gene by allele-specific multiplex PCR in 69 patients with IBD (18 Crohnâ€™s disease [CD] and 51 ulcerative colitis [UC]) and 101 ethnically matched healthy controls.RESULTS: CARD15/NOD2 3020insC frameshift mutation was positive in 7/18 (38.8 %), 13/51 (25.5 %), and 4/101 (4 %) of CD, UC, and healthy control groups, respectively. None of the controls or patients with Crohnâ€™s disease and ulcerative colitis was homozygous for this mutations.CONCLUSION: This study is to investigate a relation between CARD15/NOD2 3020insC frameshift mutation and in patients with IBD in the Turkish Population. C-insertion frameshift mutation is a major contributor to the susceptibility to both CD and UC, but it is not specific to patients with CD in Turkish population.
Quality of Control of Clinical-Biochemical Laboratories â€“ Serbian Case
Authors: Peric Vinko , Jaric Dusan , Ketin Sonja , Konicanin Admira , Biocanin Rade
Published: October 2015

In the last 20 years in medical laboratories, numerous activities regarding quality and accreditation system were taken. Approach to this problem in European countries is different, so the task of the Accreditation Work Group of the Confederation of European societies for clinical chemistry (EC 4) to help the efforts to harmonize this issue. External quality control in clinical-chemical laboratories imposed the need for the implementation of quality management system. Â»Good laboratory practiceÂ« and its principles were adopted by nominated bodies, both international and national. In the beginning, the standard ISO 9001 was applied for certification and for accreditation EN 45001 and ISO Guide 25, which are prepared for testing and calibration laboratories. Standard ISO 17025 is the successor of the previous documents and for now it is a reference for mentioned laboratories. Accreditation Work Group of the Confederation of European societies for clinical chemistry (EC 4) made an amendment of the requirements for medical laboratories, which this standard describes. Standard draft ISO 15189 was adopted on February 2003 as a final version with requirements for medical laboratories.
Rehabilitation of Movement Disorders and Psychomotor Deficiency in Schizophrenia Residual Type
Authors: IlankoviÄ‡ Andrej N. , IlankoviÄ‡ Vera , IlankoviÄ‡ Nikola N.
Published: October 2015

Movement disorders and psychomotor deficiency is highly represented among patients in Schizophrenia â€“ residual type.Our therapeutic work and the results we are herewith presenting, reveal that the psychomotor deficiency by Schizophrenia residual conditions represent new and significant indication fields for specific rehabilitation treatment in psychiatry.Evaluation of efficacy after 6 weeks specific rehabilitation treatment with the Vilan method showed: very satisfactory results in correction of involuntary movements of the torso,Â Â  bradykinesia of the hands,Â  praxiaÂ  and the simple simultaneous movements; satisfactory correction of involuntary movements of the extremities, walkingÂ  andÂ  the facial gestures. No correction was in: involuntary movement of mouth and face, tremor, ideation, ideoâ€‘motor series and in complex simultaneous movement.
Serum Interleukin-5 Changes in Partly Controlled Atopic Asthmatic Children
Authors: Yamamah Gamal A , Abdel Meguid Iman E , Fatouh Amany A , Shaaban Hala H , Kantoush Nagwa A , Beharrey Shereen F
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Cytokines including Interleukin-5 play a key role in orchestrating the chronic inflammation of asthma. We aimed to determine the level of serum IL-5 in partly controlled atopic asthma in children and to assess the effect of different therapies on their levels.METHODS: The study included 40 children aged 6-12 years with partly controlled asthma. Cases were randomly divided into two groups; group â€˜Aâ€™ receiving Leukotriene modifiers and group â€˜Bâ€™ receiving inhaled corticosteroids; each for two months. They were compared to 20 healthy non-asthmatic, matched controls. Serum IL-5 was measured for cases on the first visit and two months after therapy. Absolute eosinophilic count and serum Ig-E were determined. Pulmonary function testing was performed using spirometer at the beginning and two months after regular therapy.RESULTS: Serum Interleukin-5 was significantly increased in asthmatic children during exacerbation and was significantly decreased after treatment. ROC curve analysis showed significant difference of IgE and PEFR after treatment with leukotriene modifier only.CONCLUSION: Serum IL-5 seems to have a role in asthma pathogenesis. Efficiency of the two therapies (ICs & LTA) was similar in this group of patients. Both treatments led to significant decline in serum IL-5, IgE levels and eosinophilic count.
Orthostatic Reactivity in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Lubenova Daniela , Titianova Ekaterina , Vasileva Dance
Published: October 2015

AIM: The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of a structured physical therapy (PT) programme on the orthostatic reactivity in patients with diabetic neuropathy (DNP).MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was performed in 90 patients with DNP (34 male and 56 female, mean ages 60.8 Â± 7.8 years) of lower extremities. The orthostatic autoregulation was evaluated using an active orthostatic test. The arterial blood pressure and the heart rate were determined after 10 minutes of rest in lying position before and after 1, 5 and 10 minutes of active standing.RESULTS: At the start of the study a normotonic orthostatic reactivity (NOR) was observed in 32 patients. Abnormal sympathicotonic type of orthostatic reactivity (SOR) was found in 18 patients and asympaticotonic type of orthostatic reactivity (AOR) was established in the remaining 40 patients. After the PT treatment a significant improvement of the orthostatic autoregulation in the groups with SOR and AOR was not found â€“ NOR was observed in 66 patients with DNP (80.3%) at 6 weeks after the start of PT.CONCLUSION: The applied structured PT, later continued as a home exercise programme, significantly improved the orthostatic reactivity in patients with orthostatic dysregulation due to DNP.
Risk Factors for Relapse and Mortality of Clostridium Difficile-Associated Diarrhea
Authors: Arsic Bogdan , Pavlovic Momcilo , Berenji Karolina
Published: October 2015

AIM: The aim of the present paper was to identify prognostic factors for relapse and mortality in patients with hospital-acquired infections caused by Clostridium difficile.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study included 133 patients with healthcare facility-associated disease caused by C. difficile. The medical records of all patients with their clinical history and laboratory data were analyzed.RESULTS: Patients with one onset of disease were 105 (78.9%), 28 (21.1%) experienced a relapse and seven (5.2%) patients not survived infection. The average age in our patients was over 65 years (64.5 years in the survived patients and 78.8 in patient who died, p = 0.01). All of patients had received antibiotic treatment (cephalosporins â€“ 83.4%, aminoglycosides â€“ 21.5% and penicillins â€“ 20.3%) and 40.6% of patients received acid-reducing therapy. There was no difference between patients with one onset of disease/patients with relaps; and survived/died in number of administered antibiotics, duration of administration, administration of acid-reducing treatment or length of hospital stay (p > 0.05). CRP levels were significantly higher in the group of patients who died compared with recovered (p < 0.001).Â CONCLUSION:Â  C. difficile-associated diarrhea is a common nosocomial disease with high relapse, and significant mortality rate particularly in the elderly.
Emergency Medical Services Outcome Assessment in Lagos, Nigeria: Review of Cases of â€˜â€™Brought in Deadâ€˜â€™ Patients
Authors: Oludara Mobolaji , Idowu Olufemi , Ibrahim Nasiru , Mustafa Ibrahim , Ajani Abdulwahab , Balogun Rufai , Solagberu Babatunde
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: This study sets out to establish a database of BID patients presenting at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH).METHOD: A retrospective study of consecutive â€˜â€™Brought in Deadâ€˜â€™ (BID) patients seen from April to November 2011 at the surgical emergency room of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH) was done using a validated questionnaire.RESULTS: A total of 144 BID patients were seen during the study period. There were 112 males or 78% and 32 females or 22% of the total (M:F=3:1). The age group with the largest number of victims was the 31-40 age groups; and there were 37 patients (30.8% of 120 cases captured under age group). Trauma also accounted for 104 patients (72.2%) with 52 (36.1%, 50% of trauma cases) of these caused by Road traffic injuries (RTI), and Gunshot injuries accounting for 21 (14.6%, 20.2% of trauma cases). Among the Trauma BID cases from RTI, 4-wheeled vehicles accounted for 20 cases (19.2%, 40% of RTI), whilst motor cycle injuries accounted for 12 cases (11.5%, 24% of RTI).CONCLUSION: The study shows that road traffic injuries and gunshot injuries, accounted for 70% of BID cases presenting at LASUTH. Majority of cases of RTI are from 4 wheeler vehicles (40%) and motorcycles (24%).
Incidence of Thrombocytopenia in Idiopathic Hyperbilirubinemic Newborns
Authors: Boskabadi Hassan , Mafinezhad Shahin , Bagher Fatemah , Bozorgnia Yasaman
Published: October 2015

Background: Hyperbilirubinemia is the most common reason for admission during the neonatal period and may develop serious complications. Thrombocytopenia is defined as platelet count <150,000/mm3 and has not been conclusively reported as a complication of hyperbilirubinemia in any of the standard paediatric textbooks. The aim of this study was to find the incidence of thrombocytopenia in neonates with idiopathic jaundice and the relationship between hyperbilirubinaemia and platelet count.Methods: This was a descriptive-analytic study accomplished on 878 newborns. After a detailed history, clinical examination and baseline investigations,185 babies with idiopathic hyperbilirubinemia were tested for platelet counts and then categorized in two groups namely group A (n=65) and group B (n=120) showing the presence and absence of thrombocytopenia, respectively. Newborns data were recorded and Statistical analysis was carried out, using SPSS 11.5.Results: The incidence of thrombocytopenia was seen in 65 (12%) newborns admitted due to jaundice. The mean serum bilirubin in group A and B was defined as 19.7 (Â± 6) and 20.4 (Â± 5), respectively (P = 0.362).There was no significant difference in Laboratory variables likeTSH, T4, coombs test, reticulocite count, serum sodium and hematocrit values between two groups.Conclusion: This study determines higher rate of thrombocytopenia among idiopathic hyperbilirubinemic neonates (36%) and helps the practitioner to be aware of this association and avoid unnecessary investigations.We did not find a significant correlation between serum bilirubin values and thrombocytopenia.
Apitherapy Have a Role in Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Helal Suzette I. , Hegazi Ahmad , Al-Menabbawy Khaled
Published: October 2015

AIM: Multiple sclerosisÂ (MS) is an inflammatory disease in which the fatty myelin sheaths around the axons of the brain and spinal cord are damaged. We Study the effect of Apitherapy in treatment of MS.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty patients with MS, their ages ranged between 26-71 years, were subjected to complete clinical and neurological history and examination to confirm the diagnosis. All cases were under their regular treatment they were divided into two main groups, Group I received honey, pollen, royal jelly and propolis and were treated with apiacupuncture 3 times weekly, for 12 months, in addition to their medical treatment, while group II remains on their ordinary medical treatment only. Apiacupuncture was done by bee stings for regulating the immune system.RESULTS: Results revealed that 4 patients showed some improvement regarding their defects in gait, bowel control, constipation and urination, while 12 cases, showed some mild improvement in their movement in bed, and better improvement in bed sores, sensation, and better motor power, only two cases of them were able to stand for few minutes with support.CONCLUSION:Â Although Apitherapy is not a curable therapy in MS, but it can be used to minimize the clinical symptoms of MS, and can be included among programs of MS therapy.
Analysis of the Arthroscopically Diagnosed Soft-Tissue Injuries Associated With the Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Katerina Kasapinova Katerina , Kamiloski Viktor
Published: October 2015

AIM: The aim of this study was to analyze the frequencies of these soft-tissue injuries and to describe the arthroscopic technique used for their diagnosis.METHODS: The prospective study included 85 patients with operatively treated distal radius fracture. Wrist arthroscopy was used to identify the associated lesions of triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC), scapholunate ligament (SL) and lunitriquetral ligament (LT), extrinsic ligaments, and chondral lesions.RESULTS: Wrist arthroscopy identified TFCC injury in 72.9%, SL injury in 65.9%, LT injury in 17.7%, extrinsic ligaments in 49.4% and chondral lesion in 30.6% of the patients. 87.1% of the patients had at least one of the major structures injured (TFCC, SL or LT). The presence of the ulnar styloid fractures significantlly correlated with with the associated LT lesion, with the LT lesion type, and with the lesion of both SL and LT ligament. If the distal radius fracture was intraarticular there was no correlation with the finding of any associated soft-tissue lesion.CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of the associated soft-tissue lesions in distal radius fractures is high. Ulnar styloid fracture was identified as risk factor for associated LT lesion, as well as combined lesion of both scapholunate and luntriquetral ligament.
Low Vitamin D Serum Levels May Be a Modifiable Risk Factor for Obesity and Cognitive Impairment in Middle-Age Egyptian Women
Authors: Kazem Yusr I. , Moaty Maha I. A. , El-Shebini Salwa M. , Tapozada Salwa T. , Hanna Laila M.
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the levels of serum vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) among obese Egyptian females and search possible association with cognitive functions and insulin resistance.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This study included 2 groups, Group-1(cases) consists of 120 obese females and Group-2 (controls) consists of 30 non-obese females. The included females were subjected to full clinical examination, anthropometric measurements and Kendrick Battery for evaluation of cognitive functions (short term memory and attention). Evaluation of serum Vitamin D, Parathyroid hormone, C-peptide and fasting blood glucose were done. The obese group was put on a balanced low caloric diet (900-1000 K Calories/day) for 2 months, where reevaluation was performed.RESULTS: Comparing obese group with non-obese control group revealed significant lower mean level of serum vitamin D associated with significant lower cognitive functions test and higher fasting blood glucose. After 2 months of low caloric diet, a significant increase in the serum level of vitamin D, accompanied with improvement in cognitive functions and decrease in fasting blood glucose and improved insulin resistance was seen. A correlation is found between vitamin D serum level and cognitive functions.CONCLUSION: A lower vitamin D serum level could be a modifiable risk factor for obesity, insulin resistance and cognitive impairment in middle age females.
Patients with Schizophrenia and Self-Care
Authors: Arsova Slavica , Bajraktarov Stojan , Barbov Ivan , Hadzihamza Kadri
Published: October 2015

INTRODUCTION: Patients with schizophrenia have severe problems with self-care which affects their quality of life.OBJECTIVE: The aim of the paper was to monitor self-care in patients with schizophrenia and to find out the differences regarding socio-demographic characteristics and ambulatory and day hospital treatment.METHOD: The investigation included 120 subjects each with diagnosis F20 according to ICD 10 criteria; divided in two groups of 60 patients regarding their actual treatment (the first group received ambulatory care whereas those from the second group had a day hospital treatment). Patients were of different age and gender, receiving regular antipsychotic therapy. They were included in individual and group psychosocial therapeutic procedures during the day hospital treatment. The investigation utilized the following diagnostic instruments: standardized clinical interview and Personal and social performance scale (PSP scale), non-standardized questionnaire of socio-demographic data, family support and existence of mental disorder in other family members.RESULTS: The results have shown better personal and social functioning in patients who had family support, in those who are employed, in those with no mental disorder in other family members and in patients on day hospital treatment against patients receiving ambulatory care.CONCLUSION: Day hospital treatment, family support and social support improve self-care of patients with schizophrenia.
Toxicity, Deficiency and Dysmetabolism of Trace Elements in Ghanaian Clinically Stable Schizophrenics
Authors: Asare George A. , Tetteh Ruth , Amedonu Elsie , Asiedu Bernice , Doku Derek
Published: October 2015

AIM: The purpose of the study was to determine the levels of Copper (Cu), selenium (Se), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb) and Lithium (Li) in patients in Accra and Pantang Psychiatric Hospitals in Ghana since no data exist.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Simple random sampling of age-matched subjects was used to recruit 81 schizophrenics and 25 mentally healthy controls in 2012. Serum levels of Cu, Se, Zn, Pb and Li were determined by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS).Â RESULTS: Mean levels were as follows: Cut 766 Â± 250 Âµg/L and Cuc 855 Â± 270 Âµg/L (p = 0.168). Set 149 Â± 72 Âµg/L and Sec 108 Â± 61 Âµg/L (p=0.009). Znt 702 Â± 438 Âµg/L and Znc 1007 Â± 593 Âµg/L (p = 0.028). Pbt 1.38 Â± 0.05 Âµg/L and Pbc 0.10 Â± 0.05 Âµg/L (p = 0.000). Li levels for the test group (Lit) was 4077 Â± 2567 Âµg/L, whiles that of the controls was undetectable < 0.02 Âµg/L. Se, Pb and Li levels were significantly higher in schizophrenic patients compared to controls. While Zn and Cu levels were lower in the same group.CONCLUSION: Trace elements dysmetabolism exist among Ghanaian schizophrenics and monitoring is essential to avoid the adverse effects of metal overload or deficiency.
Symptomatic Fourth Ventricle Arachnoid Cyst Extending to the Upper Border of the Dens of the Axis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Gulsen Salih
Published: October 2015

Arachnoid cysts are congenital and non-tumorous intra-arachnoid fluid accumulations that make up about 1% of all intracranial space. occupying lesions. We report a patient with a fourth ventricle arachnoid cyst extending to the upper border of the dens of the axis. This patient progressively developed walking difficulty and stiffness in his legs together with difficulty in grasping objects with his hands within one year. The cyst was totally excised and the patient's symptoms improved in the early postoperative period, but he developed intraventricular and intracisternal air which was followed-up conservatively and resolved spontaneously.
Maxillary Osteomyelitis Caused by Apophysomyces Variabilis - Emerging Trends
Authors: Sharma Neeraj , Batra Hemant , Mehta Manjula , Chander Jagdish
Published: October 2015

In the maxillofacial skeleton, chronic osteomyelitis is more often observed in the mandible than maxilla. Maxillary osteomyelitis is rare because of its rich blood supply. It is usually seen in individuals with impaired immune response, uncontrolled diabetes and hospitalized patients. It can be caused by bacterial, fungal or viral infections. We report a rare case of maxillary osteomyelitis caused by an emerging mucormycete, Apophysomyces variabilis.
Hemorrhagic Brain Metastasis of Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma
Authors: Gulsen Salih , Terzi Aysen , Ozen Ozlem Isiksacan , Ayhan Ali
Published: October 2015

High-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma is a rare uterine malignancy. The cells of these tumors resemble endometrial cells in the proliferation stage, with many small plexiform arterioles. Herein we present a patient with endometrial stromal sarcoma that metastasized to the brain, along with the CT and MRI findings and a discussion of the surgical and histopathological features of the metastatic tumor. Immunohistopathological examination of the metastatic tumor showed a high mitotic rate and strong immunopositivity for CD10 and vimentin (as a mesenchymal marker); therefore, the lesion was considered to be high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma. Due to the rarity of reported cases of metastatic brain tumors of high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma, there isnâ€™t a standard treatment protocol; however, metastatic tumors of high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma match the same general concepts of brain metastasis. In addition, endometrial stromal sarcomas may be associated with hemorrhagic metastasis to the brain due to their pathologic characteristics.
Treating Severe Hyperkalemia with Renal Replacement Therapy in Acute Kidney Failure Due To Rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Ibrahimi Alfred , Kuci Saimir , Bejko Ervin , Llazo Stavri , Bulku Esmerilda , Dhimitri Diana , Ohri Ilir
Published: October 2015

Rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria are the main cause of the acute renal failure. Hyperkalemia is life threating complication of rhabdomyolisis due to massive cell destruction. We report a case of very severe hyperkalemia treated successfully with high volume hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF).
Retraction: Sleep Organisation in Depression and Schizophrenia: Index of Endogenous Periodicity of Sleep as a State Marker
Authors: Spiroski Mirko
Published: October 2015

The article published by Ilankovic et al., 2013 [1] has been retracted by Editor-in-Chief because corresponding author published the similar paper in Psychiatria Danubina in 2014 [2]. An internal investigation has raised sufficient evidence of the originality in the first paper [1] and self plagiarism in the second paper [2]; as such, we retract this article from the literature on request by corresponding author and in accordance with guidelines and best editorial practices from the Committee on Publication Ethics. We apologize to our audience about this unfortunate situation.
Chronic Respiratory Symptoms and Lung Function in a Sample of Agricultural Workers in Skopje Region
Authors: Stoleski Saso , Minov Jordan , Karadzinska-Bislimovska Jovanka , Mijakoski Dragan
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of job exposure and its duration on chronic respiratory symptoms and ventilatory capacity among agricultural workers.METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study including 120 agricultural workers aged 36 to 53 years, compared to an equal number of office workers matched by age, duration of workplace exposure and smoking status. A questionnaire was used to record the chronic respiratory symptoms, detailed job history, specific job activities and tasks performed, and smoking history. Evaluation of examined subjects also included functional lung testing by spirometry.RESULTS: We found non-significantly higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms in the last 12 months in agricultural workers with significant difference for cough (P = 0.044), and wheezing (P = 0.031). Mean values of all spirometric parameters were lower in agricultural workers, being significantly different for MEF50 (P = 0.001) and MEF75 (P = 0.000). Adverse respiratory effects and lung function deterioration were more expressed in agricultural workers with duration of job exposure more than 20 years than in those exposed less than 20 years.CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that workplace exposure in agricultural workers may lead to respiratory impairment which is close related to its duration.
Patients on Opioid Substitution Treatment in the Republic of Macedonia: What Do Treatment Demand Data Tell Us?
Authors: Petrushevska Tatjana , Velik Stefanovska Vesna
Published: October 2015

AIM: The aim of the survey is to analyze national data from opioid substitution treatment (OST) medical records and to compare it with the data from EU countries.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The survey is quantitative analytical cross-sectional study conducted in the period September - December 2013. Medical records from all patients on OST at national level during the year 2012 were analyzed. EMCDDA questionnaire from treatment protocol 3.0 was used. Data for OST patients on MMT was take from all 12 public treatment facilities, three private centers and 3 prisons. Data for OST patients on buprenorphine was taken from public clinic as the only one responsible for this type of treatment.RESULTS: A comprehensive network, diverse models of treatment intervention exists in the MKD. Total number of OST patients in 2012 in all treatment facilities was 1857 (1356 are in public, 141 in private, 360 in prison settings) 10% are on Buprenorphine and 90% are on Methadone, 52% in age group 20-34. Ratio of male to female heroin clients is 9:1; 162 are female (9 %); 107(66%) are in treatment in the age group 20-34. Average number of OST patients is 0.1% of the total population in each of the 10 cities analyzed. The mean age at first heroin use is 18 years. 40% of patients havenâ€™t high school. With their family lives 65% of OST patients; 487 patients (36%) have children; 80% of patients use of benzodiazepines.CONCLUSION: Although treatment network of drug addiction is quite developed, perceived need for further capacity building and increase the quality of medical care implies increasing the availability, diversification in terms of sensitivity to cultural differences, gender, age, ethnicity, as well as the treatment of dependence of different types of psychoactive substances.
The Most Common New Cases of Breast Cancer among the Housewives: The Some Carcinogenic Determinants
Authors: PranjiÄ‡ Nurka , Gledo Ibrahim , MaleÅ¡-BiliÄ‡ Ljiljana
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have observed risk factors for breast cancer. We aimed to investigate and assess the relationship between individual, social, occupational and environmental determinants of breast cancer using a questionnaire among 100 newly diagnosed female breast cancer patients and 100 control female subjects without cancer.METHODS: A case-control study using a family ambulatory based survey was conducted among 200 female patients from all municipalities of Zenica - Doboj Canton. New cases of breast cancer among subjects of experimental group (n = 100) were diagnosed between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2007 using the institutional clinical procedure for breast cancer diagnosis. Data were obtained using a self - rated questionnaire specially designed for this research. The questionnaire contains a group of questions about individual and demographic data, occupational and environment characteristics, reproductive hystory, body mass index, life style and quality life factors.RESULTS: Fifty two percent of our examinees with breast cancer are housewives. There were no significant differences between the two groups and their subgroups except for prevalence of routine physical activity (P = 0.016), unemployment (P = 0.004), history arrival menopause (P = 0.012), and type of occupation/ workplace (P = 0.015) among subjects with breast cancer in relation to control subjects. We found significantly higher prevalence for failure to routine physical activity (P = 0.006), obesity (P = 0.009), unemployment (P = 0.001), unsecure existence (P = 0.015), and low level of education (P = 0.001) in housewives in relationship to others occupation.CONCLUSION: The most common new cases of breast cancer were among housewife. Inverse significantly link between breast cancer and poverty, arrival time of menopause and distant-cousin- degree family history were found. For most women, physical activity may reduce the risk of invasive breast cancer.
Preventing Interpersonal Violence in Europe
Authors: Sethi Dinesh , Jordanova Peshevska Dimitrinka
Published: October 2015

AIM: To describe the burden of interpersonal violence, risk factors and discuss the need for evidence based action to reduce the public health threat of interpersonal violence.METHODS: Global Health Estimates data were used to describe the mortality and meta-analyses from previous reports were used to describe the prevalence of the different types of interpersonal violence and to discuss the options for evidence informed prevention programmes.Â RESULTS: In the 53 countries of the WHO European Region, violence kills about 160,000 people each year, and of these around 31,000 die from interpersonal violence, 123,000 from self-inflicted violence and 2,000 from war. Deaths are just the tip of the iceberg and for every death there are numerous admissions to hospital and emergency departments. Interpersonal violence is thought to be one of the most frequently experienced yet commonly overlooked forms of violence. Based upon data from meta-analyses of population surveys in Europe: the prevalence in children under 18 years of sexual abuse is 9.6% (13.4% in girls and 5.7% in boys); physical abuse is 22.9% and 29.1% for emotional abuse; the prevalence of intimate partner violence (physical and or sexual violence) is 19.3% in high-income countries and 25.6% in low- and middle-income countries, suggesting that about 49 million women aged 14-49 years have been abused. Surveys of older people over 60 years, suggest that the past year prevalence of physical abuse is 2.7%, sexual abuse 0.7%, emotional abuse 19.% and financial abuse 3.8%, suggesting the numbers experiencing elder maltreatment in Europe run into the tens of millionsCONCLUSION: Community surveys can play an important role to better understand the scale and risk factors of different types of interpersonal violence. Readers are called upon to support a coordinated public health response to prevent this societal and health threat.
Prevalence of Elder Abuse and Neglect: Findings from First Macedonian Study
Authors: Jordanova Peshevska Dimitrinka , Markovik Marijana , Sethi Dinesh , Serafimovska Eleonora , Jordanova Tamara
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVES: One of the study objectives was to explore the prevalence of elder abuse and neglect in the country.METHOD: Total of 960 respondents aged 65 years and above (44.7% of male and 55.3%) in private households, from all eight statistical regions participated in the study. Respondents were sampled through three staged national representative sampling procedure. Data were collected using a cognitively validated questionnaire for investigating elder abuse and neglect (psychological abuse, physical abuse,Â physical injury; financial abuse; sexual abuse and neglect) and Geriatric Depression Scale. The MMSE test was used as a pre-selection method. Statistical significance was set up at p < 0.05.RESULTS: Three hundred seven (32.0%) respondents reported experience of any type of abuse and neglect.Â  A single form of abuse was reported by 56.4% of participants, and two types of abuse by 27.4% of participants reporting abuse. Data showed that psychological abuse was the most prevalent form of abuse (25.7%), followed by financial abuse (12.0%), physical abuse (5.7%), physical injury (3.1%) and sexual abuse, and reported only by females (1.3%). Some type of neglect was reported by 6.5% of respondents.CONCLUSIONS: Defining the phenomenon of elder abuse and neglect in the context of our country can facilitate support of abused older people and, most importantly, may help develop policy and programmes based on evidence-based practices, targeting prevention and response.
Association between Physical Abuse, Physical Neglect and Health Risk Behaviours among Young Adolescents: Results from the National Study
Authors: Jordanova Peshevska Dimitrinka , Raleva Marija , Filov Izabela , Sethi Dinesh , Jordanova Tamara , HazdiHamza Kadri , Tozija Fimka , Damchevska Ilievska Vesna
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVES: One of the main objectives of this paper is to analyze the associations between physical abuse and neglect and health risk behaviours among young adolescents in the country.METHOD: A representative sample consisted of total 1277 students (58.6% female and 41.6%), aged 18 and above. About 664 of them are in last (fourth) year of secondary school and 613 respondents are first- and second-year university students. The data were obtained using Adverse Childhood Experiences Study Questionnaires (Family Health History Questionnaire) for collecting information on child maltreatment, household dysfunction and other socio-behavioural factors, applying WHO/CDC-recommended methodology. Statistical significance was set up at p<0.05.RESULTS: Physical abuse (21.1%) and physical neglect (20%) were reported with similar prevalence rates. Disciplining children by spanking or corporal punishment was presented with very high rate of 72.4%.CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated a relationship between physical abuse and later manifestation of health risk behaviours such as: smoking and early pregnancy. Physical neglect increased the chances for drug abuse, drink-driving, having early sex, having more sexual partners.
Relationship between Child Maltreatment and Alcohol Abuse - Findings from Adverse Childhood Experience Study in Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Filov Izabela , Raleva Marija , Jordanova Peshevska Dimitrinka , Sethi Dinesh , Ristevska-DimitrÐ¾vska Gordana , Hazdi Hamza Kadri , Poprizova Ana
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is to determine the relationship between of the problem of alcohol abuse and child maltreatment.Â METHOD: The ACE study was administered by the University Clinic of Psychiatry, Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. The ACE study used a representative sample of students in year four of secondary school (aged 18 and above) and first- and second-year university students. The sample consisted of 664 secondary school students (258 males and 406 females.The university student sample consisted of 613 (343 female and 270 male) students from four universities. The data were obtaining by applying ACE Study Questionnaires.RESULTS: Individuals who experience psychological abuse are more prone to develop alcoholism. One of the most serious risk factors for abuse and neglect of children was alcoholism, as a form of household dysfunction. Overall, 13.4% of students lived with someone who misused alcohol. Overall, 10.7% lived with someone who was alcoholic. The association to each ACE was highest among respondents who grew up with two alcohol-abusing parents compared with persons with no alcohol-abusing parents. The health-risk behaviours of most concern included among the others alcohol use (by 82.2% of students). Alcohol use is widespread among students and its prevalence rate is almost 28% by both sexes, and they start drinking at the age of 14â€“15.CONCLUSION: Among the most frequent household dysfunctions was alcohol use by a family member and about 82% of respondents had ever used alcohol.
Effect of Newly Synthesized Polypropylene/Silver Nonwoven Fabric Dressing on Incisional Wound Healing in Rats
Authors: Gawish Samiha M. , Gamal El Din Amina A. , Ahmed Hanaa H. , Farrag Abdel Razik H. , Kheir Amira Abou-El
Published: October 2015

AIM: The present work aimed to investigate the effect of the antimicrobial nano Ag/polypropylene (PP\Ag) dressing on incisional wound healing on the experimental level.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male albino rats were divided into, control, PP/Ag dressing, Silver Sulfadiazine (Ag-SD) cream, blank PP dressing and undressed groups. Animals were sacrificed after 5, 10 and 15 days of incisional wound event.RESULTS: Reduction was found in incision wound length in PP/Ag dressed rats, Ag-SD cream treated rats, and blank PP dressed rats after 5, 10 and 15 days compared to undressed rats. Skin of PP/Ag group showed less adverse histopathological changes, enhanced granulation tissue formation, enhanced angiogenesis, accelerated re-epithelialization and quick complete healing; compared to all other groups. Significant decrease in TGF-Î² level was recorded in PP\Ag and Ag-SD cream groups as compared to blank PP group on day 5. While, significant decrease in TGF-Î² level was detected in PP\Ag group when compared with undressed and blank PP groups on day 10. TGF-Î² showed significant in PP\Ag group as compared to undressed, Ag-SD cream and blank PP groups on day 15. CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that PP/Ag dressing enhances, promotes and plays an important role in wound healing.
Immunological Evaluation of Formulated Drugs against Typhoid
Authors: Haque Syed S.
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVES: Typhoid fever an important causes of illness and death, particularly among children and adolescents in south-central and Southeast Asia, where enteric fever is associated with poor sanitation and unsafe food and water. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) plays an important role for the survival of the host in experimental salmonellosis. Nitric oxide (NO) is the one of the product of macrophages activated by cytokines, microbial compounds or both, is derived from the amino acid L-arginine by the enzymatic activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS or NOS2) which acts as antimicrobial molecule.AIM: The aim was to examine the induction of DTH reaction in the animals treated with L-Arginine, ciprofloxacin and their combination followed by immunization with S. typhimurium cell lysate Â as assessed by the footpad swelling test.RESULTS: The results of the present study showed that the induction of DTH reaction in the animals treated with L-Arginine, ciprofloxacin and their combination followed by immunization with S. typhimurium cell lysate using an antigen revealed that the treatment with combination increased foot pad swelling significantly as compared to saline treated control animals at 48 hour which was followed by a decrease of the swelling at 72 hour.CONCLUSIONS: Animal treated with L-arginine, ciprofloxacin and their combination showed increased cell mediated immune responses as evident by DTH response whereas groups (B+S) shows decreases CMI responses.