bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DNA damage in rat kidneys and liver upon subchronic exposure to single and combined ochratoxin A and citrinin
Authors: Rašić D. , Želježić D. , Kopjar N. , Kifer D. , Klarić M. Šegvić , Peraica M.
Published: March 2019

The study aimed to check whether ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CIT) increase DNA damage in the kidney and liver of male Wistar rats (alkaline comet assay), clarify the oxidative nature of DNA damage (hOGG1-modified comet assay), and verify whether resveratrol (RSV) could ameliorate OTA+CIT-induced genotoxicity. Rats were treated orally with OTA (0.125 and 0.250 mg/kg bodyweight (bw)) and CIT (2 mg/kg bw), OTA+CIT combinations and OTA+CIT+RSV (0.250+2+20 mg/kg bw) for 21 days. Both alkaline and hOGG1-modified comet assay showed that DNA damage was more severe in rat kidneys than in liver following mycotoxin treatment. Alkaline comet assay revealed a higher intensity of DNA damage, particularly as measured by tail intensity in the kidneys. Both tail length and tail intensity were OTA dose-dependent, but in combined OTA+CIT treatment these values were similar to CIT alone and lower than in animals treated with single OTA, possibly due to induction of apoptosis. hOGG1-modified comet showed that OTA+CIT evoked greater oxidative DNA damage than single mycotoxins. RSV did not reduce DNA damage measured by alkaline comet assay, but hOGG1-modified comet showed that RSV ameliorated OTA+CIT genotoxicity in the kidneys. Apart from oxidative stress, other mechanisms of DNA damage are involved in OTA and CIT genotoxicity. In rat kidneys RSV can reduce but not overcome oxidative DNA damage induced by combined OTA and CIT.
SEGMENTATION OF LIVER TUMOR USING FAST GREEDY SNAKE ALGORITHM
Authors: Rajalakshmi T. , Snekhalatha U. , Baby Jisha
Published: March 2019

Back Ground: Liver tumors are a type of growth found in the liver which can be categorized as malignant or benign. It is also called as hepatic tumors. Early stage detection of tumor could be treated at a faster phase; if it is left undiagnosed it may lead to several complications. Traditional method adopted for diagnosis can be time consuming, error-prone and also requires an experts study. Hence a non invasive diagnostic method is required which overcomes the flaws of conventional method. Liver segmentation from CT images in post processing techniques not only is an essential prerequisite, but, by playing an important role in confirming liver function, pathological, and anatomical studies, is also a key technique for diagnosis of liver disease. Hence in the proposed study Fast greedy snakes algorithm in abdominal CT images were used for segmenting tumor portion.

Aim & Objectives: The aim and objectives of study is: (i) to segment tumor region in the liver image using Fast Greedy Snakes Algorithm (FGSA); (ii) to extract the GLCM features from the segmented region; (iii) to classify the normal and abnormal liver image using neural network classifier.

Methodology: The study involved a total of 30 normal and 30 abnormal Images from database. In the proposed study automated segmentation was performed using Fast Greedy Snakes (FGS) Algorithm and the features were extracted using GLCM method. Classification of normal and abnormal images was carried out using Back propagation Neural Network classifier.

Result: The proposed FGS algorithm provides accurate segmentation in liver images. Statistical features like mean, kurtosis, correlation and Entropy showed a higher value for the normal image than liver tumor image. On the other hand, features like Skewness, Homogeneity, contrast, Energy and standard deviation showed a comparatively higher value for a liver tumor image than the normal. Statistical features such as Mean, Contrast, Homogeneity and standard deviation are statistically significant at [Formula: see text]. Features like correlation, entropy and energy exhibits significance at [Formula: see text]. The feature extracted values provided significant difference between the normal and abnormal liver images. The neural network classifier yields the sensitivity of 95.8%, sensitivity of 81.4% and achieved the overall accuracy of 92%.

Conclusion: A most accurate, reliable and fast automated method was implemented to segment the liver tumor image using Fast Greedy snakes algorithm. Hence the proposed algorithm resulted in effective segmentation and the classifier could classify the normal and abnormal images with greater accuracy.
O processo de construção de um serviço especializado no tratamento da obesidade grave/ The process of construction of a specialized service in the treatment of serious obesity
Authors: Younes Soraia , Rizzotto Maria Lucia Frizon , Costa Márcia Cristina Dalla
Published: March 2019

Objetivou-se fazer resgate histórico da criação e implementação de um Serviço Especializado em Obesidade, criado em 2007 e efetivado em 2014, bem como identificar vínculos e satisfação dos usuários. Estudo qualitativo, para o qual foram entrevistados dois idealizadores do serviço e 21 pacientes. Verificou-se como resultado que, durante o processo de implementação, o protocolo de atendimento passou de clínico individualizado e tradicional para o de grupos com atendimento interdisciplinar, mudança que gerou forte vínculo entre profissionais e usuários, além de reconhecido grau de satisfação.Revelou-se, ainda, que, quando profissionais se propõem a ouvir usuários e a valorizar suas demandas e saberes, é possível construir um serviço de saúde mais humanizado e de excelência.Entretanto, apesar da satisfação dos usuários desse serviço, verificado nas entrevistas, eles não relataram a necessidade da oferta desses serviços em seus municípios de origem, contentando-se com a possibilidade de chegar a um serviço terciário.
Efetividade da atenção primária segundo profissionais de saúde e o programa mais médicos / Effectiveness of primary care according to health professionals and the program more medical
Authors: Carrer Andréia , Toso Beatriz Rosana Gonçalves de Oliveira
Published: March 2019

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a efetividade da atenção primária, identificando as distinções entre os modelos de serviços com estratégia saúde da família em comparação a unidades básicas tradicionais, com e sem profissionais do programa mais médicos.Pesquisa quantitativa, avaliativa, realizada com 128 profissionais - médicos, enfermeiros e coordenadores de unidades de atenção primária, por meio do instrumento Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCATool – Brasil), versão profissionais de saúde, em 2015 e 2016eadotou análise estatística inferencial. Os resultados indicaram escores acima de 6,6 naquelas unidades que adotam a estratégia saúde da família e abaixo  do ponto de corte nas unidades básicas de saúde tradicionais.Coordenação - sistemas de informações (5,8) e longitudinalidade (6,2) mostraram baixa efetividade dos serviços na unidade tradicional. O acesso obteve baixo escore (4,0), em ambos os modelos.A avaliação da APS nos distintos modelos de atenção revelou que as ações e serviços em saúde oferecidos no município foram mais efetivos quando executados em unidades de ESF, em comparação a UBS tradicional, independentemente da presença de profissionais do programa mais médicos.
 Dimensionamento de enfermagem em unidade hospitalar de desintoxicação por abuso de drogas / Dimensioning of nursing in a hospital department of detoxification for drug abuse
Authors: Rafaeli Candido Pedro Danielli , Bertasso Ribeiro Danilo , Moreira Sorrilha Mayra , Salete Tonini Nelsi , Fernandez Lourenço Haddad Maria do Carmo , Campos de Oliveira João Lucas
Published: March 2019

O dimensionamento de pessoal fundamenta a previsão quantitativa e qualitativa de recursos humanos de enfermagem necessários para a prestação da assistência. O estudo objetivou dimensionar a equipe de enfermagem de uma unidade hospitalar de desintoxicação por abuso de drogas e comparar o quadro dimensionado ao real do serviço. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, transversal e quantitativa. Foi desenvolvida através da mensuração da dependência dos cuidados de enfermagem prestados, aplicando-se instrumento próprio à clientela psiquiátrica contendo 11 indicadores de avaliação. Após classificação de dependência dos pacientes, procedeu-se a mensuração das horas de enfermagem, em dois moldes, e o dimensionamento de pessoal. A análise dos dados aconteceu com base na Resolução nº 543/2017 do Conselho Federal de Enfermagem. No período de estudo, a unidade de desintoxicação atuava com ocupação máxima. Sendo assim, 12 pacientes foram avaliados diariamente, totalizando 120 classificações de pacientes. As horas de enfermagem totalizaram 74,6 e 107,6 horas, o que resultou em dois quadros de pessoal dimensionados (n=17 e n=24), que foram comparados ao real (n=17). Concluiu-se que o quadro real da unidade não corresponde à necessidade de enfermeiros do setor, portanto, é subdimensionado.
 O conforto sob a perspectiva dos clientes oncológicos em tratamento quimioterápico ambulatorial/Comfort from the perspective of cancer client sunder going out patient chemotherapy treatment
Authors: Louro Lidiane Da Fonseca Moura , Santiago Luiz Carlos , Louro Thiago Quinellato , Ribeiro Yonara Cristiane , Silva Roberto Carlos Lyra da , Silva Carlos Roberto Lyra da
Published: March 2019

A palavra conforto se faz presente no vocabulário dos profissionais de enfermagem durante seu processo de trabalho. Diante disso, objetiva-se, nesta pesquisa, descrever os fatores que interferem na percepção de conforto por parte de clientes oncológicos em tratamento quimioterápico ambulatorial. Esse estudo descritivo e quantitativo foi realizado em um ambulatório de assistência oncológica privada em saúde, situada na Região dos Lagos, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se um instrumento composto por duas partes: questões sociodemográficas e a Escala de Avaliação de Conforto em Doentes a realizar Quimioterapia. Dos 30 entrevistados, 70% corresponde ao sexo feminino e 30% ao sexo masculino. O diagnóstico mais destacado foi a Neoplasia de mama. O contexto sociocultural apresentou a maior média entre os entrevistados (M=31,6; DP=5,048), e o contexto ambiental representou a média mais baixa (M=17,2; DP=3,453). Os pacientes oncológicos em tratamento quimioterápico ambulatorial enfrentam alterações relacionadas ao seu aspecto físico e a fatores psicológicos e sociais que afetam a pessoa doente e sua família.
 Perfil de enfermeiros (as) que atuam na saúde indígena e não indígena/ Profile of nurses who work in indigenous and non-indigenous health care
Authors: Rocha Esron Soares Carvalho , Gonçalves Maria Jacirema Ferreira , Cruz Maria Jocileide Fernandes , Baroni Rúbia Aparecida Lacerda
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar o perfil dos enfermeiros que atuam junto às populações indígena e não indígena do Alto Rio Negro, Estado do Amazonas. Método: Estudo de caráter quantitativo, com coleta de dados por meio de questionário aplicado a 84 enfermeiros, em sua maioria do sexo feminino, pardos, casados, cujas análises estatísticas de associação comparam os profissionais conforme forma de contrato. Resultados: Constatou-se que as principais diferenças entre os grupos referem-se à idade (P=0,043), contratação por Organização Não Governamental, contrato temporário para prestação de serviços e educação permanente (P=0,003). Esta última tem elevada frequência de oferta aos profissionais (80,9%). Destaca-se a variedade de formação complementar, em detrimento do campo da saúde da família e da saúde indígena (8,5% e 5,9%, respectivamente). Resultados: Indicam necessidade de reorientação quanto à formação e atuação dos profissionais, assim como o direcionamento de ações que considerem especificidades epidemiológicas, operacionais e culturais da população na região.
A condição familiar como elemento de vulnerabilidade da criança para agravos nutricionais/Family condition as an element of children’s vulnerability to nutrition disorders
Authors: Gonçalves Juliana Bertolin , Rigon Silvia do Amaral , Mazza Verônica de Azevedo
Published: March 2019

Neste estudo o objetivo foi compreender a condição familiar como aspecto de vulnerabilidade da criança para agravos nutricionais. Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva, qualitativa, realizada em uma capital do Sul do Brasil, de março a dezembro de 2015. Participaram 21 nutricionistas dos Núcleos de Apoio a Saúde da Família, mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas. A interpretação dos discursos ocorreu pela hermenêutica dialética, com suporte do software livre Interface de R pour Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires. Emergiram três categorias empíricas como elementos de vulnerabilidade da criança para agravos nutricionais, a saber, “A condição de vida das famílias”, “Da doença materna à expectativa social do ser mãe”, “Da organização do serviço de saúde aos desafios da condição materna”. Conclui-se que o reconhecimento dos elementos de vulnerabilidade relativo à mãe e à família, por parte do serviço de saúde, possibilitaria a atuação pautada na compreensão da condição da criança como ser social de direitos e dependente dos cuidados que caracterizam esse período da vida. O cuidado alimentar e nutricional infantil é responsabilidade da família, do Estado e da sociedade em geral, e não responsabilidade exclusivamente materna.
“O que está destinado a reunir”: cuidado infantil entre os Guarani Mbya/ “What it is intended to gather”: child care between the Guarani Mbya
Authors: Stofel Natália Sevilha , Teixeira Iraí Maria de Campos , Völz Pâmela Moraes
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: Buscou-se compreender as significações e ressignificações do cuidado infantil entre os Guarani Mbya do Rio Grande do Sul. Metodologia: Foi realizada pesquisa qualitativa, cuja coleta utilizou-se de observação participante com confecção de diários de campo, com adultos e crianças, durante o ano de 2012, em uma aldeia indígena Guarani Mbya do Rio Grande do Sul. Os diários de campo foram analisados de acordo com a análise temática de Minayo. Resultados: A análise revelou que as práticas de cuidado às crianças moldam e são moldadas a partir da concepção Mbya de infância. As crianças são atores sociais fundamentais para a constituição do cuidado como o vínculo formador e unificador da sociedade, elas ensinam, aprendem e cuidam através das brincadeiras. Conclusão: Conclui-se que entre os Mbya, o cuidado às crianças permeia as relações de troca e organizações de parentesco, pois para ficar junto é preciso cuidar. Por fim, ensinam-nos a revalorização do cuidado como fundamento da vida social.
Violência contra idosos: preditores e distribuição espacial / Violence against theelderly people: predictors and space distribution
Authors: Arruda Lacerda Soares Lara , Aparecida Dias Flavia , Fiori Marchiori Gianna , Cândida Gomes Nayara , Anibal Corradini Fabrício , Mara dos Santos Tavares Darlene
Published: March 2019

Objetivos:verificar a prevalência de violência em idosos nos últimos 12 meses; descrever as características sociodemográficas e econômicas dos idosos segundo o tipo de violência sofrida; verificar os fatores associados à violência e identificar os clusters de violência contra idosos no município de Uberaba, Minas Gerais.Métodos:Trata-se de um  estudo transversal e quantitativo realizado com 581 idosos da comunidade de Uberaba, Minas Gerais.Procederam-se as análises estatísticas:descritiva e regressão logística múltipla (p≤0,05). Resultados:A violência física e/ou psicológica e a psicológica obtiveram maiores percentuais entre aqueles com 1├5 anos de estudo e que residiam com filhos. A menor idade associou-se à violência física e/ou psicológica. Os maiores aglomerados foram na região sudeste do município. Conclusão: Os idosos mais novos sofrem mais episódios de violência física e/ou psicológica, assim como aqueles com menor escolaridade, que residem com os filhos e na região sudeste do município.
Percepção de mulheres com câncer de mama sobre o cuidado de Enfermagem à espiritualidade/Perception of women with breast cancer about the care of Nursing to spirituality
Authors: Birck Noeli Maria , Girardon-Perlini Nara Marilene Oliveira , Lacerda Maria Ribeiro , Terra Marlene Gomes , Beuter Margrid , Martins Fernanda Cristóvão
Published: March 2019

Introdução: A espiritualidade é um importante aspecto do cuidado as pessoas com doenças oncológicas. Objetivo: compreender como as mulheres com diagnóstico de câncer de mama percebem o cuidado espiritual, prestado pela enfermagem, na perspectiva da Teoria do Cuidado Transpessoal. Métodos: pesquisa descritiva, qualitativa, realizada com 14 mulheres em tratamento quimioterápico para câncer de mama em um hospital-escola. Os dados foram coletados em 2015, utilizando-se, como instrumento, a entrevista semiestruturada. Para análise, utilizou-se a Análise de Conteúdo, fundamentada no referencial teórico da Teoria do Cuidado Transpessoal. Resultados: emergiram as seguintes temáticas: (i) a enfermagem e o cuidado espiritual: uma relação de confiança;(ii) o ambiente e o apoio como conexão e espiritualidade. Considerações finais: conclui-se que as mulheres percebem a enfermeira como uma profissional que promove cuidado espiritual, cabendo a ela proporcionar um ambiente que represente conforto e segurança para as pacientes, assim como mostrar-se disponível a explorar a interpessoalidade como possibilidade de cuidado nessa dimensão humana.
Decapod assemblage from the late Miocene (early-middle Messinian) of the Romagna Apennines nearby Brisighella, Emilia-Romagna (N Italy)
Authors: Pasini Giovanni , Garassino Alessandro , Sami Marco
Published: March 2019

An assemblage of axiidean and brachyuran decapods is reported from the late Miocene pre-evaporitic (early-middle Messinian) limestone of Cò di Sasso, nearby Brisighella (Ravenna, Emilia- Romagna), located in Romagna Apennines (NE Italy). Except Monodaeus bortolottii Delle Cave, 1988 (Xanthidae MacLeay, 1838), which is reported here for the first time in Miocene, all the other specimens have been assigned to species previously known in the Italian Miocene (Messinian s.l.), but never reported in this area. The report of Galathea cf. G. weinfurteri Bachmayer, 1950 (Galatheidae Samouelle, 1819) and Medorippe ampla Garassino, De Angeli, Gallo and Pasini, 2004 (Dorippidae MacLeay, 1838) enlarges the stratigraphic range of these Miocene species. This report enlarges our limited knowledge on the composition and distribution of the axiidean, anomuran, and brachyuran decapods during the early-middle Messinian before the evaporitic event in the Mediterranean Basin.
HIV-associated cavernous sinus disease
Authors: Wells Cait-lynn D. , Moodley Anand A.
Published: March 2019

Introduction: The underlying diagnosis of cavernous sinus disease is difficult to confirm in HIV-coinfected patients owing to the lack of histological confirmation. In this retrospective case series, we highlight the challenges in confirming the diagnosis and managing these patients.Results: The clinical, laboratory and radiological data of 23 HIV-infected patients with cavernous sinus disease were analysed. The mean age of patients was 38 years. The mean CD4+ count was 390 cells/μL. Clinically, patients presented with unilateral disease (65%), headache (48%), diplopia (30%) and blurred vision (30%). Third (65%) and sixth (57%) nerve palsies in isolation and combination (39%) were most common. Isolated fourth nerve palsy did not occur. Tuberculosis (17%) was the most commonly identified disorder followed by high-grade B-cell lymphoma (13%), meningioma (13%), metastatic carcinoma (13%) and neurosyphilis (7%). In 22% of the patients, there was no confirmatory evidence for a diagnosis. The patients were either treated empirically for tuberculosis or improved spontaneously when antiretroviral therapy was started. Cerebrospinal fluid was helpful in 4/13 (31%) of patients where it was not contraindicated. Only 3/23 (13%) of the patients had a biopsy of the cavernous sinus mass. The outcomes varied, and follow-up was lacking in the majority of patients.Conclusion: In HIV-infected patients, histological confirmation of cavernous sinus pathology is not readily available for various reasons. In resource-limited settings, one should first actively search for extracranial evidence of tuberculosis, lymphoma, syphilis and primary malignancy and manage appropriately. Only if such evidence is lacking should a referral for biopsy be considered.
Cultural Nourishment for the Development of Chinese Medicine
Authors: Li Qizhong
Published: March 2019

Medicine, especially traditional Chinese medicine, is by no means a single level of knowledge system and operational skills, but is full of humanistic color, encompassing natural science and social science, medical theory and traditional culture. Traditional Chinese medicine is rooted in the splendid traditional culture of China, and its theoretical exploration methods and explanations are based on the historical and colorful traditional Chinese culture. This article will give advice on the irrigation and nourishment of traditional culture.
Traditional Vietnamese Medicine between Chinese Heritage and National Tradition
Authors: Bui Anita
Published: March 2019

The influence of Chinese medical theory and practice on traditional Viet Nam medicine in the past is undeniable. We can discuss about a Chinese heritage. This Chinese School of Traditional Medicine has trained a large number of Vietnamese doctors. There is, however, throughout the history of medicine in Viet Nam and along with the native genius, the birth of a Vietnamese specificity. What is the part of the heritage in this tradition, what is its own distinctiveness? Hence the title of this article.
Traditional Chinese Medicine in Canada: An Indigenous Perspective
Authors: France Honoré , Rodriguez Carmen
Published: March 2019

This paper summarizes the practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in Canada by exploring why so many indigenous people are drawn to it. We present a brief history of TCM in Canada, including its acceptance by 5 of the 10 provinces in Canada as one of the medical approaches, accepted and regulated by the government. Chinese philosophy embedded in TCM is compared to indigenous philosophy, and there is a description of some of the plants and animals used as remedies in indigenous folk medicine. In addition, there is a short description of how TCM psychology parallels some practices in indigenous psychology.
Life Nurturing in the Illustrated Daoyin of the 24 Solar Terms (二十四节气)
Authors: Shen Yi
Published: March 2019

China's “24 Solar Terms”, known as the fifth invention after China's Four Major Inventions, is a knowledge system and social practice formed through observations of the sun's annual motion, and cognition of the year's changes in season, climate and phenology. More and more people in the world have been eager to know more about it since UNESCO inscribed China's “24 Solar Terms” on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2016. As a way of nurturing life, the Illustrated Daoyin of the 24 Solar Terms includes twenty-four exercise forms, corresponding to the 24 solar terms respectively, which reflects the significant idea of complying with the law of yin-yang changes in the universe. It presents a series of sitting and standing exercises designed to prevent diseases that occur during seasonal changes throughout the year. The ancient Chinese wisdom of time and life nurturing has been witnessed in China's “24 Solar Terms” and “Illustrated Daoyin of the 24 Solar Terms”. This article aims to arouse readers’ concern and interest in life nurturing by introducing how to do all the exercises presented by the Illustrated Daoyin of the 24 Solar Terms, which is helpful to the prevention and cure of diseases as well as good for health.
The Silk Road (丝绸之路) and Sources of Chinese Medicine Expansion: Part III – Histories
Authors: Bradley Sean
Published: March 2019

Medicine and knowledge of medical practice have been exchanged along the Silk Road since antiquity. Medical texts provide the vast majority of information about the drugs, techniques, and ideas that passed from foreign lands into China and became part of Chinese medicine. In addition to the medical corpus, historical works provide the backdrop for how, when, and from where these ideas and medicines entered and influenced Chinese medical practice. Examining the historical texts and the information pertaining to medical exchange can allow us to better understand how foreign cultures and practices of medicine along the Silk Road entered and influenced Chinese Medicine.
Weak Triebel–Lizorkin Spaces with Variable Integrability, Summability and Smoothness
Authors: Li Wenchang , Xu Jingshi
Published: March 2019

Weak Triebel–Lizorkin spaces with variable integrability, summability and smoothness are first introduced. Then we establish a vector estimate for weak Lebesgue spaces with variable exponent. As an application we give equivalent quasi-norms in these new spaces by means of Peetre's maximal functions. Finally, we obtain the boundedness of the

\varphi

transform on these new spaces and their atomic and molecular decompositions.
Quotient Families of Elliptic Curves Associated with Representations of Dihedral Groups
Authors: Hirakawa Ryota , Takamura Shigeru
Published: March 2019

We construct a new kind of elliptic fibration in terms of group action and group representation: a dihedral group acts on a regular polygon – thickening its edges yields a torus on which the dihedral group acts. We give a complex structure to the torus such that this action is holomorphic. Then from representations of the dihedral group, we construct fibrations of elliptic curves (
dihedral quotient families
). We classify them – their singular loci/fibers, as well as the dynamic motion of the singular fibers, are completely described. Moreover, we construct
binary dihedral quotient families
and classify them. Although the representations of the dihedral and binary dihedral groups are analogous, it turns out that their associated quotient families are totally different.
$\mathfrak{q}$-Crystal Structure on Primed Tableaux and on Signed Unimodal Factorizations of Reduced Words of Type $B$
Authors: Hiroshima Toya
Published: March 2019

Crystal basis theory for the queer Lie superalgebra was developed in Grantcharov et al. (Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 366, 2013, 457–489) and Grantcharov et al. (J. Europ. Math. Soc. 17, 2015, 1593–1627), where it was shown that semistandard decomposition tableaux admit the structure of crystals for the queer Lie superalgebra or simply

\mathfrak{q}

-crystal structure. In this paper, we explore the

\mathfrak{q}

-crystal structure of primed tableaux (Hawkes et al., Electron. J. Combin. 24, 2017, P3.51) (semistandard marked shifted tableaux; Cho, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 365, 2013, 939–972) and that of signed unimodal factorizations of reduced words of type

B

(Hawkes et al., Electron. J. Combin. 24 (2017) P3.51). We give explicit odd Kashiwara operators on primed tableaux and the forms of the highest and lowest weight vectors. We clarify the relation between signed unimodal factorizations and the type-

B

Coxeter-Knuth relation of reduced words. We also give explicit algorithms for odd Kashiwara operators on signed unimodal factorizations of reduced words of type

B

.
Military vocabulary in the translation of J. Littell’s novel Les Bienveillantes (The Kindly Ones) into slovene: between tradition and innovation
Authors: Schlamberger Brezar Mojca
Published: March 2019

Military vocabulary and the vocabulary of war are part of specialized as well as general lexicon. Such language was present in Slovene even before the creation of the Slovene army in 1991. In this context the systematic development of military terminology was left to enthusiastic individuals. Due to the lack of terminological reference works, the creation of military vocabulary was in the hands of people who experienced military service and war, as well as writers and translators. But can literature present a reliable source for terminological research? We also try to answer this question.Our research is focused on the lexis concerning war, the denomination of military functions and ideologies in the context of the Second World War as they appear in the French original and Slovene translation of Bienveillantes (The Kindly Ones) by J. Littell (2006, 2010). Its war lexis is compared to that of some Slovene original works and translations concerning the Second World War. In addition, the monolingual corpus Gigafida is taken into account and the question of the (in)stability of prescriptive norms of Slovene is discussed.
L'argot de la guerre de Sarajevo, un exemple du rapport de la langue, de son lexique au vécu
Authors: Sokolija Alma
Published: March 2019

Vingt ans après la guerre, la vie s’articule plus ou moins à Sarajevo. Les souvenirs restent, explicites ou tus. La vision de cette guerre, vécue dans l’encerclement multiple, a changé un peu. A-t-elle évolué? Il est difficile de le dire. La mémoire collective perçoit et interprète toujours certains faits comme guerriers (à tort ou à raison), certains d’autres comme des traîtrises car les plaies sont encore fraîches et ouvertes. Les mots d’argot bosniens, utilisés dans cette guerre, possèdent leurs euphémismes, leurs tabous, leurs évitements, leurs universaux, mais ils sont aussi différents des argots de guerre dans d’autres langues parce qu’un siège de trois ans n’est pas la même chose que la guerre des tranchés. Dans cette dernière guerre en Bosnie, les « autres » étaient multiples - les ennemis autant que les traîtres. Il s’agit d’une situation « argotisante » par excellence. Nous essayons de l’éclairer à travers une analyse historique du terrain. Celle-ci est nécessaire pour une analyse sémantique des lexèmes argotiques créés pendant cette guerre.
La "guerre" des internautes - le hate dans la communication sur internet
Authors: Napieralski Andrzej
Published: March 2019

La guerre, cette lutte entre groupes sociaux aux convictions différentes, n’épargne pas internet qui était censé rapprocher les gens au lieu de les diviser. Dans la communication sur internet, nous retrouvons, souvent un discours particulier, relevant tant du hate speech qui est la manifestation de l’intolérance, du racisme, de la xénophobie et de l’ethnocentrisme que du trolling, c’est-à-dire de cette attitude visant à nuire à autrui en le ridiculisant et troubler la communication en brisant les bonnes moeurs. Afin de définir l’attitude des internautes qui commentent différents articles du monde politique sur internet, nous nous proposons d’utiliser un terme transitoire - hate qui est un emprunt au slang américain, fonctionnant cependant très bien aussi en Pologne. Ce terme englobe une attitude proche de la critique qui est toutefois caractéristique du persiflage des «rageux» sur la toile. Dans notre communication nous nous proposons d’analyser le discours des internautes présent dans les commentaires des articles politiques dans les deux plus grands quotidiens français et polonais dans leurs versions en ligne, respectivement Le Monde (lemonde.fr) et Gazeta Wyborcza (gazeta.pl). Il sera question d’exemples du phénomène hate tant au niveau de l’analyse du discours que de l’utilisation de formes lexicales souvent injurieuses, argotiques ou relevant de la créativité néologiques des internautes. Il sera aussi question de voir si le degré du hate varie selon les locuteurs de pays différents, ou si cela est une tendance générale pour la communauté linguistique des internautes et qui relève de la mondialisation.
La résilience sociolinguistique et la crise des réfugiés en Allemagne en 2015/2016 : Une analyse « mixed methods » du vocabulaire de la guerre.
Authors: Berron Marie-Anne , Koch Florian
Published: March 2019

Ce troisième article d´une série veut montrer la résilience sociolinguistique par l’analyse qualitative et quantitative d’un corpus tiré des discours du groupe PEGIDA en Allemagne entre 2015 et 2016. Ainsi le vocabulaire concret de la guerre en usage analysé dans cet article montre non seulement une co-évolution et une co-adaptation face à la crise des réfugiés mais aussi une spirale linguistique sociétale dans le discours public.
La guerre des mots dans la classe. Les variétés linguistiques non standard dans Entre les murs de François Bégaudeau
Authors: Kovács Máté
Published: March 2019

Entre les murs de François Bégaudeau présente la vie d’une classe d’un collège parisien durant une année scolaire. Ce collège qui accueille des élèves de milieux défavorisés est le théâtre de conflits où s’affrontent élèves et professeurs. La présente étude a pour objectif principal d’analyser comment les mots peuvent devenir un outil de combat ou de guerre dans la classe. Après un bref aperçu de la diversité linguistique caractérisant l’éducation en France, notre article se propose d’étudier des extraits de dialogue entre les élèves et leur professeur principal et d’explorer l’importance et la fonction des éléments de langue non conventionnels qui apparaissent dans l’œuvre.
Le vocabulaire militaire dans le corpus français-slovène FraSloK
Authors: Mezeg Adriana
Published: March 2019

Le présent article se propose d’étudier l’usage du vocabulaire militaire dans le corpus parallèle français-slovène FraSloK, qui contient des textes publiés entre 1995 et 2009. Partant de la fréquence d’occurrences du mot guerre(s) dans les textes français sources, le sous-corpus journalistique composé de 300 articles du Monde diplomatique et 3 romans du sous-corpus littéraire se sont avérés intéressants pour notre recherche. À la base des listes de tous les mots utilisés, nous avons manuellement extrait les noms du domaine militaire (3735 occurrences pour 289 mots différents). Appuyée sur des dictionnaires monolingues français et slovènes, la classification par niveaux de langue témoigne de la prédominance de la langue standard en français bien que certains mots soient très spécialisés ; il est intéressant de noter que dans le principal dictionnaire slovène, plusieurs traductions (équivalents slovènes de tels mots français) portent un indicateur du registre de langue non standard (militaire, jargon, jargon militaire, etc.). En outre, les textes de notre corpus contiennent un certain nombre de mots d’origine étrangère ou bien d’emprunts, tandis que ceux d’autres registres de langue (ancien, courant, familier, moderne, politique, vieux) ne sont que sporadiques. Les mots portant l’indicateur militaire ou argot sont quasi inexistants. Notre article révèle de quelles guerres parlent les textes français du FraSloK, expose le lexique utilisé regroupé dans cinq catégories de variétés du français et identifie les stratégies de traduction vers le slovène employées.
Soil emissions, soil air dynamics and model simulation of gaseous mercury in subtropical forest
Authors: Zhou Jun , Wang Zhangwei , Zhang Xiaoshan , Driscoll Charles , Lin Che-Jen
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Evasion from soil is the largest source of mercury (Hg) to the atmosphere from terrestrial ecosystems. To reduce the uncertainty in estimates of Hg emissions from forest soils, soil-air total gaseous Hg (TGM) fluxes and vertical profiles of soil pore TGM concentrations were measured simultaneously for 130 days to improve parameterization of emission models. The soil-air TGM fluxes, measured using dynamic flux chambers (DFC), showed patterns of both emission and deposition at five study plots, with an area-weighted net emission rate of 3.2 ng m−2 hr−1. The highest fluxes and net soil Hg emission were observed for an open field, with lesser emission rates in coniferous (pine) and broad-leaved (camphor) forests, and net deposition in a wetland. Fluxes showed strong positive relationships with solar radiation, soil temperature and soil Hg concentrations, and negative correlations with ambient-air TGM concentration and soil moisture. Using experimental field flux observations and quadratic relationships with the five parameters, four empirical models were developed to estimate soil-air TGM fluxes. The highest TGM concentrations in soil gas consistently occurred in the upper mineral horizons in the coniferous (pine) forest and in the organic horizon in the broad-leaved forest. Strong correlations between fluxes and TGM concentrations in upper soil horizons (0–10 cm) suggest that TGM in the pores of surface soil acts as the source for diffusion to the atmosphere. The TGM diffusion coefficients (Ds) between soil and atmosphere was firstly investigated at the field sites, with the range of 0.0042–0.013 m2 hr−1. These values should provide a foundation for future model development.
The sensitivity of PM2.5 acidity to meteorological parameters and chemical composition changes: 10-year records from six Canadian monitoring sites
Authors: Tao Ye , Murphy Jennifer G.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Aerosol pH is difficult to measure directly but can be calculated if the chemical composition is known with sufficient accuracy and precision to calculate the aerosol water content and the H+ concentration through ion balance. In practical terms, simultaneous measurements of at least one semi-volatile constitute, e.g. NH3 or HNO3, are required to provide a constraint on the calculation of pH. Long-term records of aerosol pH are scarce due to the limited monitoring of NH3 in conjunction with PM2.5. In this study, 10-year (2007–2016) records of pH of PM2.5 at six eastern Canadian sites were calculated using the E-AIM II model with the input of gaseous NH3, gaseous HNO3 and major water-soluble inorganic ions in PM2.5 provided by Canada's National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Program. Clear seasonal cycles of aerosol pH were found with lower pH (~2) in summer and higher pH (~3) in winter consistently across all six sites, while the day-to-day variations of aerosol pH were higher in winter compared to summer. Tests of the sensitivity of aerosol pH to meteorological parameters demonstrate that the changes in ambient temperature largely drive the seasonal cycle of aerosol pH. The sensitivity of pH to chemical composition shows that pH has different responses to the changes in chemical composition in different seasons. During summertime, aerosol pH was mainly determined by temperature with limited impact from changes in NHx or sulfate concentrations. However, in wintertime, both meteorological parameters and chemical composition contribute to the variations in aerosol pH, resulting in the larger variation during wintertime. This study reveals that the sensitivity of aerosol pH to chemical composition is distinctly different under different meteorological conditions and needs to be carefully examined for any particular region.
A bulk-mass-modeling-based method for retrieving particulate matter pollution using CALIOP observations
Authors: Toth Travis D. , Zhang Jianglong , Reid Jeffrey S. , Vaughan Mark A.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. In this proof-of-concept paper, we apply a bulk-mass-modeling method using
observations from the NASA Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization
(CALIOP) instrument for retrieving particulate matter (PM) concentration over
the contiguous United States (CONUS) over a 2-year period (2008–2009).
Different from previous approaches that rely on empirical relationships
between aerosol optical depth (AOD) and PM2.5 (PM with particle
diameters less than 2.5 µm), for the first time, we derive PM2.5
concentrations, during both daytime and nighttime, from near-surface CALIOP
aerosol extinction retrievals using bulk mass extinction coefficients and
model-based hygroscopicity. Preliminary results from this 2-year study
conducted over the CONUS show a good agreement (r2∼0.48;
mean bias of −3.3 µg m−3) between the averaged nighttime
CALIOP-derived PM2.5 and ground-based PM2.5 (with a lower r2
of ∼0.21 for daytime; mean bias of −0.4 µg m−3),
suggesting that PM concentrations can be obtained from active-based
spaceborne observations with reasonable accuracy. Results from sensitivity
studies suggest that accurate aerosol typing is needed for applying CALIOP
measurements for PM2.5 studies. Lastly, the e-folding correlation
length for surface PM2.5 is found to be around 600 km for the entire
CONUS (∼300 km for western CONUS and ∼700 km
for eastern CONUS), indicating that CALIOP observations, although sparse in
spatial coverage, may still be applicable for PM2.5 studies.
Development of proglacial lakes and evaluation of related outburst susceptibility at the Adygine ice-debris complex, northern Tien Shan
Authors: Falatkova Kristyna , Šobr Miroslav , Neureiter Anton , Schöner Wolfgang , Janský Bohumír , Häusler Hermann , Engel Zbyněk , Beneš Vojtěch
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The formation and development of glacial lakes in mountainous
regions is one of the consequences of glacier recession. Such lakes may drain
partially or completely when the stability of their dams is disturbed or as
a consequence of impacts. We present a case study from the Central Asian
mountain range of Tien Shan – a north-oriented tributary of the Adygine
Valley, where the retreat of a polythermal glacier surrounded by permafrost
has resulted in the formation of several generations of lakes. The aim of
this study was to analyse the past development of different types of glacial
lakes influenced by the same glacier, to project the site's future
development, and to evaluate the outburst susceptibility of individual lakes
with an outlook for expected future change. We addressed the problem using a
combination of methods, namely bathymetric, geodetic and geophysical on-site
surveys, satellite images and digital elevation model analysis, and modelling
of glacier development. Based on this case of the glacial lakes being of
varied age and type, we demonstrated the significance of glacier ice in lake
development. Lake 3, which is in contact with the glacier terminus, has
changed rapidly over the last decade, expanding both in area and depth and
increasing its volume by more than 13 times (7800 to 106 000 m3). The hydrological connections and routing of glacier meltwater have
proved to be an important factor as well, since most lakes in the region are
drained by subsurface channels. As the site is at the boundary between
continuous and discontinuous permafrost, the subsurface water flow is
strongly governed by the distribution of non-frozen zones above, within, or
beneath the perennially frozen ground. In the evaluation of lake outburst
susceptibility, we have highlighted the importance of field data, which can
provide crucial information on lake stability. In our case, an understanding
of the hydrological system at the site, and its regime, helped to categorise
Lake 2 as having low outburst susceptibility, while Lake 1 and Lake 3 were labelled as
lakes with medium outburst susceptibility. Further development of the site
will be driven mainly by rising air temperatures and increasingly negative
glacier mass balance. All three climate model scenarios predicted a
significant glacier areal decrease by 2050, specifically leaving 73.2 %
(A1B), 62.3 % (A2), and 55.6 % (B1) of the extent of the glacier in 2012.
The glacier retreat will be accompanied by changes in glacier runoff, with
the first peak expected around 2020, and the formation of additional lakes.
Future projections of temperature and mixing regime of European temperate lakes
Authors: Shatwell Tom , Thiery Wim , Kirillin Georgiy
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The physical response of lakes to climate warming is regionally
variable and highly dependent on individual lake characteristics, making
generalizations about their development difficult. To qualify the role of
individual lake characteristics in their response to regionally homogeneous
warming, we simulated temperature, ice cover, and mixing in four intensively
studied German lakes of varying morphology and mixing regime with a
one-dimensional lake model. We forced the model with an ensemble of 12
climate projections (RCP4.5) up to 2100. The lakes were projected to warm at
0.10–0.11 ∘C decade−1, which is 75 %–90 % of the
projected air temperature trend. In simulations, surface temperatures
increased strongly in winter and spring, but little or not at all in summer
and autumn. Mean bottom temperatures were projected to increase in all lakes,
with steeper trends in winter and in shallower lakes. Modelled ice thaw and
summer stratification advanced by 1.5–2.2 and 1.4–1.8 days decade−1 respectively, whereas
autumn turnover and winter freeze timing was less sensitive. The projected
summer mixed-layer depth was unaffected by warming but sensitive to changes
in water transparency. By mid-century, the frequency of ice and
stratification-free winters was projected to increase by about 20 %,
making ice cover rare and shifting the two deeper dimictic lakes to a
predominantly monomictic regime. The polymictic lake was unlikely to become
dimictic by the end of the century. A sensitivity analysis predicted that
decreasing transparency would dampen the effect of warming on mean
temperature but amplify its effect on stratification. However, this
interaction was only predicted to occur in clear lakes, and not in the study
lakes at their historical transparency. Not only lake morphology, but also
mixing regime determines how heat is stored and ultimately how lakes respond
to climate warming. Seasonal differences in climate warming rates are thus
important and require more attention.
Water-use dynamics of an alien-invaded riparian forest within the summer rainfall zone of South Africa
Authors: Scott-Shaw Bruce C. , Everson Colin S.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. In South Africa the invasion of riparian forests by alien trees has the potential to
affect the country's limited water resources. Tree water-use measurements
have therefore become an important component of recent hydrological studies.
It is difficult for South African government initiatives, such as the Working
for Water (WfW) alien clearing programme, to justify alien tree removal and
implement rehabilitation unless hydrological benefits are known. The objective of this study was to investigate the water use (transpiration
rates) of a selection of introduced and indigenous tree species and quantify
the hydrological benefit that could be achieved through a suitable
rehabilitation programme. Consequently water use within a riparian forest in
the upper Mgeni catchment of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa was monitored over
a 2-year period. The site consisted of an indigenous stand of eastern
mistbelt forest that had been invaded by Acacia mearnsii,
Eucalyptus nitens and Solanum mauritianum. The heat ratio
method of the heat pulse velocity (HPV) sap flow technique and the stem steady
state (SSS) techniques were used to measure the sap flow of a selection of
indigenous and introduced species. The indigenous trees at New Forest, South Africa, showed
clear seasonal trends in the daily sap flow rates varying from 8 to
25 L day−1 in summer (sap flow being directly proportional to tree
size). In the winter periods this was reduced to between 3 and
6 L day−1 when limited energy flux was available to drive the
transpiration process. The water use in the A. mearnsii and
E. grandis trees showed a slight seasonal trend, with a high flow
during the winter months in contrast to the indigenous species. The water use
in the understorey indicated that multi-stemmed species used up to
12 L day−1. Small alien trees (< 30 mm) A. mearnsii and S. mauritianum used up to 4 L day−1 each. The
total accumulated sap flow per year for the three individual A. mearnsii and E. grandis trees was 6548 and 7405 L a−1
respectively. In contrast, the indigenous species averaged 2934 L a−1, clearly demonstrating the higher water use of the
introduced species. After spatial upscaling, it was concluded that, at the
current state of invasion (21 % of the stand being alien species), the
stand used 40 % more water per unit area than if the stand were in a
pristine state. If the stand were to be heavily invaded at the same stem
density of the indigenous forest, a 100 % increase in water use would
occur over an average rainfall year.