bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Śladami żołnierzy Obwodu Jędrzejowskiego Armii Krajowej 1939-1956
Authors: Radecka Anna
Published: January 2019

Following the Footsteps of the Soldiers of the Jędrzejów District of the Home Army in the Years 1939-1956. Part 1: The Conspiracy in KarolówkaThe family of Przemysław Janoff (Janów), a forester and administrator of the forests and goods of the landowner Górski family, has lived since 1936 in Motkowice, a small town located 14 km east of Jędrzejów. The forest lodge Karolówka became a center of underground activity during the German occupation. Przemysław Janoff, codename „Stary”, together with his son Sergiusz, codename „Set”, soldiers of the Union of Armed Struggle, and later of the Home Army, acted in the intelligence, sabotage and reception of airdrop. They also organized transfers, stored weapons, and conducted radio monitoring. In the forest lodge, secret classes were organized and people sought by the Gestapo were protected. An unknown part of the family’s activity was the action of helping Jews by creating the first link of the „chain of life”. The Janoff family hid Jews from the Jędrzejów ghetto, who, after a short stay in hiding, were later transported to safe places. The aid campaign for the Jewish doctor Hirsch Beer in Jędrzejów was the only one mentioned in historical literature. Since 1943 Sergiusz Janoff „Set” carried out the underground tasks together with Andrzej Ropelewski, codename „Karaś”, and in 1944, when participating in the armed actions of a sabotage group, he met with brothers Wesołowski - Leszek, codename „Strzała” and Wiesiek, codename „Orzeł”, guerillas from the „Barabasz” and later the „Spaleni” group. Common experiences made young people friends for the rest of their lives. The basic thread of the article is the story of four friends shown against the background of the underground and armed activities of the poviat level of the Home Army. Mentioning the details of the biographies of the protagonists and many other characters aims to convey the realities of the underground everyday life and the atmosphere of the German occupation. A study of the characters, attitudes and choices of Home Army soldiers during the war gives rise to reflection on their fate in post-war Poland. This article is therefore a fragment of a larger undertaking and aims at initiating a cycle of publications. Unknown facts and those already described which required verification were examined on the basis of new historical sources and re-analysis of the already known ones.
Fragmentos de (auto)imagem: notas sobre o Fundo Yvonne Jean no Arquivo Público no Distrito Federal (1911-1981)
Authors: Da Silva Rafael Pereira
Published: January 2019

Yvonne Jean nasceu em Antuérpia, em 1911. De origem judia, imigrou com a família para o Brasil em 1940. Logo nos primeiros anos após sua chegada, Yvonne se estabeleceu como jornalista na imprensa carioca. Em 1962, a convite de Darcy Ribeiro se transferiu para Brasília para trabalhar na UnB. Intelectual atuante, além de jornalista exerceu trabalhos como tradutora, arte-educadora e literata. Na imprensa destacou-se por sua coluna no Correio Braziliense, chamada “Esquina de Brasília”. No campo político, militou no PCB, vindo a ser presa e condenada no final da década de 1960. Alguns anos após sua morte, em 1981, seu filho doou o acervo para o Arquivo Público do Distrito Federal. Na década de 1990 o material já se encontrava devidamente organizado e aberto a consulta pública. A presente nota tem por objetivo apresentar, em linhas gerais, uma cronologia da personagem, partindo de seu próprio registro e também refletir sobre o estatuto dos acervos de pessoas para a escrita da história.
Por uma Arqueologia dos Candomblés: contribuições da ciência do passado aos estudos dos fenômenos religiosos
Authors: Pereira Rodrigo , Chevitarese André Leonardo
Published: January 2019

Como forma de contribuir no conhecimento e valorização das matrizes religiosas afro-brasileiras, em especial o Candomblé, objetivamos apresentar como a Arqueologia pode contribuir neste processo, sobretudo ao acentuar a profundidade histórica e material desta religiosidade, ambas analisáveis pela cultura material. Assim, objetivamos apresentar e defender uma subárea da Arqueologia Histórica, a qual denominamos de Arqueologia dos Candomblés, e, por meio de um estudo de caso realizado nos remanescentes do Terreiro da Gomeia (Duque de Caxias/RJ), demonstrar a viabilidade do estudo arqueológico no conhecimento pretérito do Candomblé.
“E se o frade quiser ser perfeitinho”: instruções para uma conduta exemplar do clero regular português no século XVIII.
Authors: Deckmann Fleck Eliane Cristina , Dilmann Mauro
Published: January 2019

Este texto busca identificar e analisar as instruções para uma conduta exemplar dos clérigos regulares presentes na obra Mestre da Virtude, do padre português dominicano João Franco. Neste livro, publicado em Lisboa, em 1745, o autor busca incitar os clérigos ao cumprimento de suas obrigações religiosas, destacando as atitudes próprias de um “bom religioso” e as transgressões mais comuns que deviam ser corrigidas e eliminadas da vivência religiosa, visando à adoção de um determinado modelo de vida cristã clerical no interior dos conventos portugueses. Essas instruções, que seguiam a moral tridentina e tiveram forte ressonância em Portugal até meados do século XVIII, diziam respeito aos comportamentos sociais e morais esperados do clero regular português tanto pela Igreja, quanto pelos leigos.
The Role of Ideology in the Moulding of US Foreign Policy Towards Cuba
Authors: Crahan Margaret E.
Published: January 2019

Most analysts have concluded that President Donald Trump does not have an elaborated ideology,3 but rather that his character largely determines his decisions given his belief that he alone can fix what is wrong with the US government. This leads him towards being influenced by those advisors who reinforce his instincts. At the core is his belief that to restore US supremacy worldwide, American diplomacy needs to be forceful and aggressive. He is not an advocate of soft or smart power as used by the Obama administration.4 In addition, he tends to prefer advisors whom he regards as tough and assertive. As a result, this article examines President Trump's personality and instincts and the degree to which his current, as well as previous, advisors' ideologies have influenced him in order to evaluate trends in US foreign policy generally and more specifically with respect to Cuba.
Palliative Care: A Future Challenge for the Cuban Health System
Authors: Álvarez Karen Valdés , Wilkinson Stephen
Published: January 2019

Palliative care proposes multidimensional attention to the needs of patients with advanced or terminal illness, as well as their families. This group of patients include those with
oncological diseases, progressive chronic illnesses as a result of organic insufficiencies and geriatric patients with multiple conditions. In developed countries, it is estimated
that 60 per cent of the population will die from one of these causes and therefore require special care. The countries of Latin America are not far from this problem; Cuba among
them, with 19 per cent of the population aged 60 years or older, a death rate from non-communicable chronic diseases of 712.4 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants and where malignant
tumours already occupy the first cause of mortality. This article argues that despite having a public health system that covers 100 per cent of the population and recognition by
administrative structures and decision-makers of the need to plan strategies to face these challenges, these efforts are insufficient. The development of palliative care in Cuba is
not only a new challenge but also a moral and material need, inherent to truly social medicine.
The Cuban-American Sound Machine: Nostalgia and Identity in the Music of Celia Cruz, Gloria Estefan and Pitbull
Authors: Sierra Horacio
Published: January 2019

This article examines how Celia Cruz (1925–2003), Gloria Estefan (born 1957) and Pitbull (born 1981), each of whom represents different generations, immigration statuses, gender performances and racial identities, have employed their musical hits and public personae to simultaneously shorten and widen the 90-mile distance between the US and Cuba. Their musical and political commentary parallels the evolving attitudes and identities of the Cuban-American community towards Cuba and its politics. Each successive artist is a little more ambiguous about his or her political leanings in the American political sphere, but all of them continue to oppose Cuba's Communist regime while trading in the musical currency of nostalgia for the Cuba of yesteryear. In the vein of Gustavo Pérez Firmat's watershed analysis of Cuban-Americans' hyphenated identity, these artists demonstrate how Cuban-American identity exists in a liminal cultural space that lives in the present and plans for the future with one foot planted firmly in the fantasy of an Edenic past.
En búsqueda del entendimiento en una torre de Babel: propuesta de un modelo para la innovación educativa en redes de colaboración
Authors: García Vázquez Nancy Janett , Guajardo Leal Brenda Edith , Valenzuela González Jaime Ricardo
Published: January 2019

Las redes de colaboración potencialmente permiten el desarrollo de innovaciones que generan cambios de alto impacto. Los miembros de una red de esta índole tienen siempre objetivos en común, pero también se caracterizan por tener una amplia diversidad de perfiles: distintos idiomas, disciplinas, experiencias profesionales y niveles educativos, entre otras cualidades. Esto puede, en ocasiones, dificultar el entendimiento entre ellos cuando se ha de trabajar colaborativamente. Este artículo presenta el caso de estudio de una red de innovación educativa; se describe su propósito, su dinámica de trabajo y una serie de tensiones experimentadas en procesos de colaboración. Las tensiones son retos a superar derivados de un trabajo entre personas con características múltiples; y representan conexiones entre los nodos de una red que deben ser atendidas para evitar posibles rupturas. Las tensiones detectadas se tomaron como oportunidades para crear una propuesta de modelo para la colaboración. Dicho modelo tiene como objetivo facilitar los procesos de comunicación y trabajo entre los integrantes de un grupo, promoviendo una colaboración más eficiente.
Pensamiento de la identidad, lenguaje unidimensional y dialéctica negativa. Una reflexión educativa desde H. Marcuse y Th. W. Adorno
Authors: Sánchez Antonio Juan Carlos
Published: January 2019

El presente ensayo pretende retomar la propuesta epistemológica de la dialéctica negativa como una herramienta potencial para contribuir a desmantelar la falsa adecuación entre sujeto-objeto que ha caracterizado el pensamiento de la identidad de las ciencias modernas positivistas y el lenguaje unidimensional de las sociedades actuales. Se tomará un ejemplo al analizar la influencia de la lógica de la identidad y el lenguaje unidimensional en los libros de texto de educación primaria de México. Con ello se busca argumentar la necesidad de reinstalar la negatividad del pensamiento y la afirmación de la no-identidad entre concepto-realidad como principio fundamental para recuperar lo diferente y lo negado por la lógica de la identificación sujeto-objeto en la construcción del conocimiento escolar.
Incarnation, Divine Timelessness, and Modality
Authors: Paul Emily
Published: January 2019

A central part of the Christian doctrine of the incarnation is that the Son of God ‘becomes’ incarnate. Furthermore, according to classical theism, God is timeless: He exists ‘outside’ of time, and His life has no temporal stages. A consequence of this ‘atemporalist’ view is that a timeless being cannot undergo intrinsic change—for this requires the being to be one way at one time, and a different way at a later time. How, then, can we understand the central Christian claim that the Son of God ‘becomes’ human? This paper examines one such explanation, drawn from a brief remark by Brian Leftow: the Word takes on flesh by exhibiting modal variation with regards to the incarnation. On this account, a timeless God ‘becomes’ incarnate simply due to variation across logical space: at some possible worlds He is incarnate and at others He is not. Modal variation need not, therefore, require temporality: it only requires variation across (static) possible worlds. I draw out the problems with Leftow’s modal claim under the heads of Ersatzism and Genuine Modal Realism about possible worlds, respectively. I argue that in both instances, Leftow’s desired cross–worldly variation of the Son’s incarnation cannot be achieved.
PERCUTANEOUS ENDOSCOPIC DISCECTOMY FOR DEGENERATIVE-DYSTROPHIC DISEASE OF THE LUMBAR SPINE
Authors: Khudyaev Aleksandr Timofeyevich , Lyulin Sergey Vladimirovich , Schurova Elena Nikolayevna
Published: January 2019

Objective. To determine a rational surgical strategy and approach to the treatment of patients with degenerativedystrophic disorders of the lumbar spine by percutaneous endoscopic discectomy. Material and Methods. Percutaneous endoscopic nucleotomy was applied in surgical treatment of 60 patients. Out of them 46 patients had L4–L5 intervertebral disc herniation, 7 patients had L3–L4 intervertebral disc herniation, 2 patients – L4–L5 hernia relapse after microdiscectomy, 1 patient – ossificated foraminal hernia at L3–L4, 3 patients – unstable degenerative spondylolisthesis at L4 level, and 1 – the same at L3. Complex examination of patients included acquisition of complaints and anamnestic data, general clinical, neurological, laboratory, and radiologic evaluation. All patients had CT images, in 10 cases they were added by MRI, and in 16 cases – by CT myelography. Pain syndrome intensity was assessed by digital rating and visual-analogue scales allowing the analysis of pain at rest, in motion, and at night. Results. Pain syndrome was arrested in 51 patients. Two patients showed residual radicular syndrome in the early postoperative period, and seven patients – residual reflex pain syndrome. Three months after the operation moderate reflex pain syndrome was observed in 6 cases, radicular syndrome in no one case. No aggravation of neurological deficit occured at the later follow-up period. Conclusion. Percutaneous endoscopic nucleotomy is a minimal invasive technique for lumbar disc hernia removal which reduces hospitalisation terms and risk of postoperative complications.
POSTERIOR SPINAL INSTRUMENTATION FOR TUBERCULOSIS SPONDYLITIS
Authors: Mushkin Aleksandr Yuryevich , Kuklin Dmitry Vladimirovich , Belyakov Mikhail Viktorovich , Dolenko O. V.
Published: January 2019

Objective. To study potentialities of posterior instrumentation for treatment of TB spondylitis in adults. Material and Methods. Data on the treatment outcomes of 93 adult patients with TB spondylitis at T2–L5, which underwent radical reconstructing and restorative surgeries in the period of active inflammatory process were analyzed. In 40 cases a traditional technique was used (Group 1); in 11 cases this technique was supplemented by posterior fixation with Harrington rods or CITO-plates (Group 2) and in 42 – with CDI (Group 3). Deformity dynamics, character of complications, and changes in neural disorders and pain dynamics defined the operative effect. Results. The absence of instrumented fixation in Group 1 was accompanied with the most significant decrease in graft sizes and most numerous complications in a zone of anterior fusion. Both these characteristics have least values in Group 3. Use of conventionally semi-rigid constructs in Group 2 caused 7 complications in a zone of posterior fixation out of 11 cases (66.4 %). There were 2 complications out of 42 cases (4.3 %) in Group 3. Short-term pain intensity decrease was achieved in all groups. However augmenting of pain syndrome was registered in a considerable number of patients in Groups 1 and 2 in a long-term period, while there were no negative long-term outcomes in Group 3. Conclusion. Combination of radical spinal reconstruction and fixation with segmented instrumentation of the third generation for TB spondylitis provides considerable improvement of treatment results and reduction of rehabilitation and in-hospital periods.
ANATOMIC-ANTHROPOMETRIC BASIS OF TRANSPEDICULAR FIXATION IN CHILDREN OF 1.5–5 YEARS OLD
Authors: Vissarionov Sergey Valentinivich
Published: January 2019

Objective. To reveal anatomic peculiarities of the posterior spine support structures and basic landmarks suitable for transpedicular fixation in children of 1.5–5 years old. Material and Methods. Anatomic and anthropometric studies of 18 cadaveric lumbar spines harvested from objects whose death was not related to spine pathology were carried out. Three age groups were singled out (of 1.5–2.5; 2.5–3.5 and 3.5–5 years old). The anatomic peculiarities of posterior support elements, spatial location of the processes and base of the neural arch were examined and a zone for transpedicular screws insertion was determined. Results. It was revealed that a structure of the posterior support column in children of 1.5–5 years old differs from that in adolescents and adults. Arch articulations are formed by cartilaginous articular processes. There are no bony transverse processes in 2–3-years-old children. 50 % of 4–5-years old children have cartilaginous transverse processes which are not sharply defined during skeletonization. A zone of transpedicular screw insertion is 2–3 mm medial of the middle distance between upper and lower processes of the vertebra. Pedicle angle of inclination of a base of the neural arch to sagittal axis in a horizontal plane varies from 5° at L1 to 20° at L5. Conclusion. Anthropometric measurements serve as basis for development of metal constructions for correction and fixation of the lumbar spine with transpedicular support elments in children of 1.5–5 years old.
ANALYSIS OF UPPER AND LOWER THORACIC KYPHOSIS IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS
Authors: Özerdemoglu Remzi Arif , Aydinli Ufuk , Ozturk Cagatay , Ersozlu Salim , Temiz Aytun
Published: January 2019

The aim of this prospective radiological analysis is to determine the normal values of the kyphosis of the upper and lower thoracic segments, and to analyze their variation with age and sex, as well as to investigate if there is any interaction between them. The study includes 157 healthy individuals without any complaints related to their spine, and a thoracic kyphosis of not more than 50 degrees. Subjects were evaluated by medical history, physical examination, and standing spinal roentgenograms. Age and sex of the patient, together with the degree of upper (T2–T6), lower (T6–T12) and the total (T2–T12) thoracic kyphosis – measured by the Cobb method – were the parameters used for statistical analysis. There were 49 males and 108 females with the mean age of 42 ± 16 years (range, 11–76). Mean values of the upper, lower, and total thoracic kyphosis were found to be 13° ± 6° (range, 2–30°), 21° ± 8° (range, 4–43°), and 34° ± 9° (range, 11–50°), respectively. An older age correlated to a higher degree of kyphosis in the lower thoracic segment (p = 0.007), without an increase in the upper thoracic kyphosis. There was also a negative correlation between the degree of the upper and lower thoracic kyphosis (p = 0.015).
DEGENERATIVE DYSTROPHIC DISEASES OF THE LUMBAR SPINE AND THEIR SURGERY IN ELDERLY AND SENILE PATIENTS
Authors: Simonovich Aleksandr Evgenyevich , Kozlov Dmitry Mikhailovich
Published: January 2019

Objective. Comparative assessment of decompression and decompression-stabilization techniques for degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine in elderly and senile patients. Material and Methods. A total of 106 patients at the age of 60 to 83 years (mean age 65.7 years) operated on for degenerative disease of the lumbar spine were included in the prospective study. The outcomes were evaluated in 3–4 and 12–24 months. A dynamics of neurologic state, intensity of pain according to VAS, and functional activity according to Oswestry scores were evaluated. Results. Good results were achieved in 70 % of cases after decompression – stabilization surgery, as compared to 46 % after decompression only. There were 26 % of unsatisfactory results of treatment after decompression, and 5 % – after decompression and stabilization. Surgical complications were typical for these kinds of surgical interventions. There were no infectious and systemic complications as well as metal implant induced complications such as its destruction, migration or subsidence, and bone resorption around implant. Conclusion. Decompression and stabilization surgery is the most reasonable and effective technique for treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases in elderly and senile patients. Preference should be given to posterior approach surgery concluded by stabilization of operated vertebral segments.
ELECTRONEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE BRAIN IN PATIENTS WITH CHIARI MALFORMATION BEFORE AND AFTER SURGERY
Authors: Tsvetovsky Sergey Borisovich , Stupak Vyacheslav Vladimirovich , Dmitriev Aleksandr Borisovich , Tomash Galina Vladimirovna , Gribacheva Irina Alekseyevna
Published: January 2019

Objective. The impartial instrument assessment of a nature and degree of cephalic and cervical spinal cord functional abnormalities and dynamics of their changes in patients with Chiari malformation before and after surgery. Material and Methods. Visual evoked potentials (VEP), somatosensory (SSEP) and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP), and motor responses to the transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were registered in 28 patients preoperatively and in 12–30 days postoperatively. Results. Initial VEP and SSEP showed deviations from normal values caused by hydrocephalus and increased intracranial pressure. In majority of patients a latent time of VEP P100 was abnormally short. Lateral asymmetries of P100 delay and amplitude, and VEP shape changes were also observed. P100 delays increase and VEP asymmetry were observed when foci of vascular dysmetabolic genesis and dystrophic changes were present. SSEP had changes in N30 cortical components. Initial N20 components were radically changed only in patients with cervical syringomyelia. The same patients had the worst M-responses to the TMS. BAEP were registered with decreased V component and increased interpeak IV–V interval. Conclusion. Arnold – Chiari syndrome is reflected in various deviations of electrophysiological parameters characterizing a functional condition of the central nervous system. Postoperative dynamics showed prevalence of positive shifts and normalization of electrophisiological parameters
GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS OF INTERVERTEBRAL DISC TISSUES IN PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS
Authors: Rusova Tatyana Vasilyevna , Kuleshova Olga Nikolayevna , Zhukov Dmitry Viktorovich
Published: January 2019

Objective. To analyze quantitative and qualitative composition of glycosaminoglycans in intervertebral disc tissues in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Material and Methods. Intervertebral discs and growth plates were obtained from 50 patients at the age of 12 to 14 years undergoing surgical correction for idiopathic scoliosis of Grade III–IV with apex in the thoracic spine. Autopsy material (20 samples) from forensic medical examination was used as a norm. Nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus and growth plate were anatomically separated from tissues. Results. It was established that qualitative composition of glycosaminoglycans is changed both in all parts of the intervertebral discs and in growth plate. Abundance of keratan sulfate increased and of chondroitin sulfate decreased. A great deal of nonacetylated hexosamines appeared and abundance of sulfate groups reduced. Conclusion. Revealed changes are related to the disorders in synthesis and processes of chain modification in glycosaminoglycans.
CORRECTION AND STABILIZATION OF THE SPINE WITH NEW GENERATION IMPLANTS FOR VERTEBRAL CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS IN CHILDREN AGED ONE TO FIVE YEARS
Authors: Vissarionov Sergey Valentinivich , Mushkin Aleksandr Yuryevich , Ulrikh Eduard Vladimirovich
Published: January 2019

Objectives. To analyze the results of correction and stabilization of the spine with new generation implants for congenital malformation of the vertebrae in children of 1 to 5 years old. Material and Methods. A metal construction for surgical treatment of congenital anomalies of the spine in children of 1 to 5 years old was developed, consisting of transpedicular and laminar support elements. This construction was used in 38 patients with congenital thoracic and lumbar spine deformities associated with malformations of the vertebral bodies. Six patients had an isolated lateral or posterior-lateral hemivertebra in the thoracic spine and 11 – in the thoracolumbar junction, 3 patients had wedge-shaped vertebra in the thoracolumbar spine, and 18 – multiple or combined developmental anomalies of the spine. Initial angulation of scoliotic deformity was 24° to 50° and kyphotic deformity – 20° to 46°. Surgical treatment consisted of one-moment three-staged operation according to developed technique. Results. Correction of deformity within 92–100 % was achieved in patients with isolated hemivertebra in the thoracic and lumbar spine, and posterior wedge-shaped vertebrae in the thoracolumbar junction. In patients with multiple and combined developmental anomalies of the spine the correction of scoliotic deformity was 52–76 % and of kyphotic one – 58–80 %. Conclusion. The suggested metal construction provides the possibility to perform surgery at early stages even for developmental anomalies of the spine posterior support column in patients of 1 to 5 years old with congenital spine deformities.
TACTICS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR MYELOMA INVOLVEMENT OF THE SPINE AND SPINAL CORD
Authors: Dzhindzhikhadze Revaz Semyonovich , Dreval Oleg Nikolayevich , Lazarev Valery Aleksandrovich , Vetrile Stepan Timofeyevich , Shevelev Ivan Nikolayevich , Musaev Elmar Rasimovich
Published: January 2019

Objectives. To analyze the efficacy of contemporary decompressive-and-stabilizing techniques, including percutaneous vertebroplasty, in patients with a spine and spinal cord myelomatosis (SSCM). Material and Methods. Seventy-two patients with SSCM were evaluated with respect to the results of treatment. Sixty-two patients underwent surgical interventions followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy: open interventions were performed in 53 (85.5 %) patients and percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) – in 9 (14.5 %). Ten patients underwent only a specific therapy for SSCM. Pain regression, neurologic state and quality of life were evaluated after surgery. Results. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the methods of choice for SSCM. However in some cases with increasing neurologic deficit, intractable pains and instability of an involved spine segment a surgical intervention is necessary and capable to prevent catastrophic complications. Best results, regarding neurologic impairments and quality of life, were achieved in a group of patients in whom decompressiveand- stabilizing procedures were performed. Conclusion. PVP is a minimally invasive procedure ensuring quick regression of a pain syndrome and prevention of pathologic fractures in patients with myelomatosis of the spine.
PECULIARITIES OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH SCOLIOSIS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF TREATMENT
Authors: Norkin Igor Alekseyevich , Shemyatenkov Viktor Nikolayevich , Zaretskov Vladimir Vladimirovich , Zueva Darya Pavlovna , Zaretskov Aleksandr Vladimirovich , Rubashkin Sergey Anatolyevich
Published: January 2019

Objectives. To study some peculiarities of psychophysiology of children and adolescents with scoliosis and to assess its dynamics after surgical treatment. Material and Methods. Total of 58 patients with scoliosis of grade III–IV at the age of 10 to16 years were examined, out of them 17 were operated on by Cotrel – Dubousset technique. Control group consisted of 18 practically healthy individuals of similar age. Clinical, rontgenologic and psychophysiologic methods of analysis were used. Psychoemotional state was assessed by depression level, indexes of personal and reactive anxiety, and by patients’ attitude to their disease and vital functions. Psychovegetative reactivity was evaluated by oculocardiac, cardiac-sinus and celiac-plexus reflexes. The patients were examined three times: before operation, in six and twelve months after operation. Results. Psychophysiologic status of children and adolescents with scoliosis essentially differs from that of normal ones. Psychoemotional disorders are characterized by a high level of depression, situational and personal anxiety, and by violation of social adaptation, and psychovegetative disorders – by increase in lability and reduction of reactivity of the vegetative nervous system. Conclusion. It was revealed that the psychophysiologic status of children and adolescents with scoliosis has essential peculiarities. In the nearest postoperative period the positive dynamics is mainly seen in psychoemotional status, but psychovegetative state remain without any essential dynamics.
Purification of pulp mill condensates by an adsorptive process on activated carbon
Authors: Gamelas José A.F. , Rebola Sofia M. , Evtyugina Margarita G. , Esteves Valdemar I. , Evtuguin Dmitry V.
Published: January 2019

In order to close the water cycle in pulp mills with condensates instead of fresh water, the malodorous/hazardous volatile compounds and colored substances have to be removed by appropriate efficient methods. In the present work, the condensate from the evaporation of black liquor (BL) from a kraft mill was purified by a batch adsorptive process by means of commercial activated carbon (AC). The effluent was found to contain a wide range of aromatic and organosulfur volatile compounds, including toluene, ethylguaicol, syringaldehyde, dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), 2,3-dimethylthiophene, benzothiol and benzothiophene derivatives. Methanol was the major volatile organic component in the condensate (201 mg l−1), which was, however, poorly adsorbed on the AC surface. Aromatics and organosulfur contaminants were adsorbed almost completely in 2–5 min at 23°C under the optimized AC load (900 mg l−1). The treatment allowed the elimination of up to 99% of the obnoxious odor, color and turbidity of the condensate. The adsorption equilibrium followed the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order kinetics. The new process could be incorporated in the pulp mill with relatively low additional reagent costs.
Teaching Basic Nursing Care: Nurse Preceptors’ Perceptions about Changing the Teaching Context from the Clinical Setting to a School Simulation Lab
Authors: Lillekroken Daniela
Published: January 2019

Research demonstrates that basic nursing care receives less attention in clinical settings and has become visually less prominent in nursing education curriculums. While much is known about the importance of preceptorship in clinical settings, little is known about how preceptors teach basic nursing care to students in a school simulation lab. This study explores the preceptors’ perceptions of teaching basic nursing care to nursing students in the school simulation lab compared to clinical settings. Data were collected through focus group interviews and participant observation and analyzed by using qualitative content analysis. Three main categories emerged: (i) Perceived advantages and disadvantages, (ii) Positive attitudes – remembering being a student, and (iii) Knowing what to do and showing how to do it. Awareness of the importance of having knowledge about basic nursing care may contribute to counterbalancing the devaluation of basic nursing care among nursing students.
Workplace Employee Representation and Industrial Relations Performance: New Evidence from the 2013 European Company Survey
Authors: Addison John T. , Teixeira Paulino
Published: January 2019

Using cross-country data from the European Company Survey, we investigate the relationship between workplace employee representation and management perceptions of the climate of industrial relations, sickness/absenteeism, employee motivation, and staff retention. For a considerably reduced subset of the data, a fifth indicator – strike activity – is also considered alongside the other behavioral outcomes. From one perspective, the expression of collective voice through works council-type entities may be construed as largely beneficial, especially when compared with their counterpart union agencies either operating alone or in a dominant position. However, if heightened distributional struggles explain these differential outcomes in workplace employee representation, it should not go unremarked that the influence of formal collective bargaining is seemingly positive.
The Brown Book of Alice Ambrose
Authors: De Pellegrin Enzo
Published: January 2019

Little is known about the origins of the Brown Book of Ludwig Wittgenstein. One of his better-known texts, it was first published in print in 1958 and is based on notes that Wittgenstein had dictated to two of his pupils, Francis Skinner and Alice Ambrose, at Cambridge University during the academic year of 1934 – 35. The present paper examines some of the few extant remarks by Wittgenstein and others about the circumstances from which the text emerged against the backdrop of various source materials, including a set of handwritten and typed notes that belong to a collection of Ambrose’s papers at Cambridge University Library.
Hinges, Prejudices, and Radical Doubters
Authors: Boncompagni Anna
Published: January 2019

This paper makes use of the Wittgenstein-inspired perspective of hinge epistemology in connection with research on epistemic injustice. Its aim is to shed light on the neglected relationship between hinges and prejudices, by focussing on the role of the “radical doubter” in epistemic practices. After the introduction, section 1 presents Miranda Fricker’s (2007) seminal work and points out that epistemic injustice typically involves the silence of discriminated groups, an aspect that emerges with most clarity when the figure of the doubter is considered. This is further investigated in section 2 with the examination of the film “Twelve Angry Men”, by Sidney Lumet. Some unsolved problems posed by Lumet’s film, rotating around the notion of reasonable doubt, are addressed in the following section through the Wittgensteinian metaphor of hinges as developed in hinge epistemology. Finally, by bringing together epistemic injustice and hinge epistemology, section 4 puts to the fore the importance of cultivating the capacity of attention towards radical doubters for understanding one’s own prejudices and promoting social transformations.
The Myth of the Thinking Brain
Authors: Le Du Michel
Published: January 2019

The idea that the brain has mental properties is widely accepted among psychologists and cognitive scientists. Nevertheless, mental properties are usually attributed to persons. This paper aims at elucidating the reasons why, in various contexts, attributing psychological properties to the brain seems the natural thing to do. It also insists that the very idea of locating thoughts is pointless: expressions such as thinking in the head, calculating in the head should not be understood as mentioning locations. Furthermore, the paper tries to show that many proposed solutions to the mind/brain problem are misguided by the belief that the brain thinks and suggests a different answer to this problem, inspired by several remarks by Wittgenstein and by Kenny’s distinction between mental abilities and their vehicle. In many respects, this answer is more a dissolution than a solution to the problem.
Wittgenstein and Scientific Representation
Authors: Lugg Andrew
Published: January 2019

Science figured in no small way in Wittgenstein’s philosophy, not least in his remarks about representation. Early and late he regarded theories like Newtonian mechanics as means of representing the world rather than as representations. While the notion of a form of representation looms largest in his early writings, it also informs his later remarks. His appropriation of the mathematical physicist’s conception of representation is as fundamental to Remarks on Colour (1950) as to the Tractatus (1918/1922).
Making Ourselves Understood
Authors: Sandis Constantine
Published: January 2019

Wittgenstein teaches us that, contrary to current philosophical and scientific trends, the understanding of others is not to be achieved through some kind of emotional tool providing an access-pass to otherwise hidden ‘mental contents’. This insight goes against the popular grain of empathy as a form of informational ‘mindreading’, founded upon John Locke’s assumption that understanding another is a matter of obtaining and decoding the stored in their mind. We would do best to replace this radically distorted account of what it takes to understand others with a stance that places priority on shared aspects of our lives. Only then can we even begin to try and tackle our moral, cultural, religious, and socio-political differences.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease in Women
Authors: Najjar Nimeh , Staiano Peter , Louis Mariam
Published: January 2019

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a common chronic disorder that affects 5–10% of the US population with a higher prevalence in men compared to women by 2:1 in population studies. By contrast, in patients with cardiovascular disease, its prevalence can exceed 50% depending on the specific disorder surveyed. Although sex differences have been well described for cardiovascular risk factors; existing data regarding the impact of sex on the relationship between OSA and cardiovascular outcomes is controversial. Similarly, while there is strong evidence for increased prevalence of cardiovascular conditions, such as systemic hypertension, atrial fibrillation, as well as heart failure amongst patients suffering from OSA; conflicting evidence exists regarding the incidence and bidirectional relationship between them as well as the impact of treatment of OSA on cardiovascular outcomes. In this paper, we will review the associations between OSA and cardiovascular diseases in women. The data on sex differences is limited, due to a number of reasons, including, but not limited to late presentation of OSA in women, difficulties in diagnosing both OSA and cardiovascular diseases in women and still suboptimal inclusion of adequate number of women in clinical trials. More studies are needed to better delineate sex differences in the clinical presentation as well as the pathophysiology of the associations between OSA and cardiovascular diseases so that we can provide patients with more personalized care.
Heart Disease in Pregnancy: A Special Look at Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Yaranov Dmitry , Alexis Jeffrey D.
Published: January 2019

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a disorder in which heart failure develops in the last month of pregnancy or within the first five months postpartum. The exact etiology is not known although recent studies suggest angiogenic imbalance is a key factor with soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt1) and a cleaved form of prolactin possibly playing important roles. This review discusses the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of PPCM and highlights recent advances in our understanding of this disorder.
Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Hamburger Robert F.
Published: January 2019

Ischemic heart disease is a growing cause of heart failure owing to the increasing prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. It is important to understand the concepts of myocardial stunning and hibernation so we as physicians can order appropriate testing on patients with ischemic heart disease, such as myocardial viability studies. Ventricular remodeling is associated with an elevated risk of death after myocardial infarction. The extent of myocardial viability determines the clinical outcome of patients after myocardial infarction. Multiple impactful clinical trials have changed the way we manage ischemic cardiomyopathy over the past few decades, and medications such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, beta-blockers, and aldosterone antagonists have improved outcomes in this patient population. Similarly, much has been reported on the effect of coronary artery bypass surgery on outcomes in patients with ischemic heart disease and heart failure, but further research studies are needed on the role of percutaneous coronary intervention.
Antiplatelet Therapy Considerations in Women
Authors: Esmail Khadeeja , Angiolillo Dominick J.
Published: January 2019

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, but because of several factors, one of which is antiplatelet therapy, the mortality rates have steadily declined. However, women continue to experience higher CAD mortality rates than men. This may be explained by differences in comorbidities, increased time to presentation, higher bleeding rates, and differences in management. There are numerous landmark trials in the field of antiplatelet therapy; however, women are consistently underrepresented in these trials. The results of these trials reveal that women experience the same benefit as men from antiplatelet therapy but experience higher bleeding rates; therefore bleeding-reduction strategies are imperative in this patient population. This review provides an overview of the available evidence on CAD in women and its implications for antiplatelet medications.
La gestion des savoir-faire de métier chez les pompiers volontaires du Québec
Authors: Douesnard Jacinthe , Larouche Laetitia , Ouedraogo Denis , Gagné Caroline
Published: January 2019

Cet article présente des résultats et une réflexion préliminaire concernant la dynamique de la gestiondes connaissances du métier de pompier volontaire. Ces travailleurs ont peu de moments communs, dansle cadre de leur travail, pour acquérir et échanger des connaissances, tout en évoluant dans un métier où leserreurs sont lourdes de conséquences. De fait, afin de se protéger des risques autant physiques que psychologiques,ces travailleurs doivent maîtriser plusieurs connaissances techniques et expérientielles. Comment parviennent-ils à élaborer et à transmettre les savoir-faire de métier nécessaires? C’est au moyen d’entrevues degroupes non directives et d’une analyse herméneutique du discours des pompiers volontaires que cette étudeexpose certaines limites relatives à la gestion des connaissances dans ce milieu. Le présent article fait état deconstats préliminaires entourant la gestion des connaissances dans ce milieu pour ensuite proposer quelquespistes d’amélioration.
Closing Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant, 2009–2018: Decision-Making on Energy Investments Relevant to Climate Change
Authors: Perkins John H.
Published: January 2019

Modern economies cannot function without electricity, and production of electric power affects citizens in many ways, including climate change. Production of electricity requires investments that easily reach billions of dollars, and streams of investment capital must be perpetual to procure fuel, build and maintain plants, and transmit electricity to customers. This case study addresses whether a California decision relevant to investments about generating electricity adequately considered competing concerns. In 2009, Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E, a private, investor-owned utility) applied to renew the operating licenses of its two nuclear reactors at the Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant (the “plant”). By 2016, PG&E had decided not to seek license renewal and asked the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) to approve a price increase for its electricity to pay for specified expenses in closing the plant, which generated 24% of PG&E’s electricity. Four environmental groups and two labor organizations supported PG&E, and CPUC approved most elements of PG&E’s plan in 2018. PG&E’s application generated considerable debate during the CPUC process, and multiple organizations argued that PG&E’s plan was flawed. Two of the protests were from environmental groups favoring nuclear power as mitigation for climate change. Nuclear reactors generate electricity with uranium and have low emissions of carbon dioxide, the key source of climate change. This case study summarizes the competing arguments relevant to energy investments and climate change. Was the decision to close the plant in the best interest of the PG&E customers and the residents and taxpayers of California?
Las mariposas como estrategia didáctica en el aprendizaje de la taxonomía básica y reconocimiento de la biodiversidad
Authors: Carabalí Banguero Diana Johana , Carabalí María Claudia
Published: January 2019

Las mariposas son un grupo de insectos que genera gran interés en los niños y adolescentes por su colorido y forma, sin embargo, muchos desconocen el papel que cumplen en los agroecosistemas y la importancia de su conservación. En el municipio de Buenos Aires (Cauca), en la etnogranja de la Institución Educativa Agroindustrial Valentín Carabalí se realizaron 8 salidas de campo durante el mes de septiembre de 2016, cada una, con una duración de dos horas. El grupo estuvo conformado por 20 estudiantes del grado 9.1 y 20 estudiantes del grado 9.2. Cada grupo realizó una visita semanal a la etnogranja en la cual, se conformaron subgrupos de 3 estudiantes, que realizaron las colectas utilizando red entomológica. Las mariposas fueron sacrificadas haciendo una leve presión en el tórax y se almacenaron en frascos plásticos. En las aulas, se desarrollaron clases teóricas sobre la taxonomía y la función ecosistémica de los insectos. También, el montaje y su identificación mediante claves taxonómicas, la cual no fue confirmada por expertos en el tema. Se identificaron 12 especies de mariposas de las familias Nymphalidae y Pieridae, las especies más abundantes en la zona fueron Dryas iulia iulia y Ceratinia tutia. Los estudiantes distinguieron a los insectos de otros artrópodos e identificaron las mariposas más comunes en la zona. Las mariposas son un grupo de insectos que facilita un acercamiento a la taxonomía y permite crear conciencia ambiental sobre la conservación de la fauna en niños y adolescentes.
Valores espirométricos en pobladores de altura con sobrepeso
Authors: Córdova Córdova Enrique G. , Rojas Palpán Frany G. , Mujica Albán Elydia
Published: January 2019

Introducción. La espirometría es utilizada para evaluar la función respiratoria, relacionando los valores espirométricos (VE) obtenidos con VE predeterminados. El Perú utiliza, por recomendación, ecuaciones de la población mejicano americano para obtener sus VE predeterminados. Los pobladores de altura presentarían VE más elevados que los VE predeterminados. Por otro lado, las personas obesas presentan alteración en la dinámica respiratoria. En personas con sobrepeso y que habitan en altura, se desconoce los cambios en sus VE, razón que motivó la presente investigación. Objetivo. Comparar los VE obtenidos en pobladores con sobrepeso que viven en altura con los VE predeterminados por las ecuaciones de la población mejicano americano. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo, correlacional, retrospectivo. Se presentan 329 espirometrías (239 varones y 90 mujeres), con grados de calidad A y B, realizadas en una clínica ocupacional de Huancayo, entre febrero 2017 a enero 2018, en personas que se encontraban con sobrepeso y clínicamente sanos, con edades entre los 20 a 40 años de edad. Se evaluó los VE y el índice de masa corporal (IMC), realizando luego la correlación de Spearman y Pearson entre ellos. Resultados. Los VE promedios obtenidos fueron superiores al 110% de los VE promedios predeterminados. La correlación de Pearson entre los VE y el IMC fue negativa. Conclusiones. Los VE de los pobladores con sobrepeso que viven en altura son mayores que los VE predeterminados, con una relación inversa entre los VE y el IMC.