bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Continuous controllable balloon dilation: a novel approach for cervix dilation
Authors: Arsenijevic Slobodan , Vukcevic-Globarevic Gordana , Volarevic Vladislav , Macuzic Ivan , Todorovic Petar , Tanaskovic Irena , Mijailovic Milan , Raicevic Sasa , Jeremic Branislav
Published: October 2012

Background

Cervical dilation using mechanical dilators is associated with various complications, such as uterine perforation, cervical laceration, infections and intraperitoneal hemorrhage. To achieve safe and painless cervical dilation, we constructed a new medical device to achieve confident mechanical cervical dilation: a continuous controllable balloon dilator (CCBD).

Methods

Controlled pumping of incompressible fluid into the CCBD increases the pressure and outer diameter of the CCBD, continuously dilating the cervical canal. The reliability of the CCBD was confirmed in vitro (testing for consistency and endurance, with no detected risk for breakage) and in vivo. A multi-center clinical study was conducted,with 120 pregnant women randomly assigned to one of three groups: Group I,control group, no dilation;Group II,mechanical dilation, Hegar dilator (HeD); and Group III,CCBD. The tissue material for histological evaluation was obtained from the endocervical mucosa before and after dilation using the HeD or CCBD.

Results

The CCBD dilations were successful and had no complications in all 40 patients of Group III. The cervical tissue was markedly less damaged after CCBD dilation compared with HeD dilation (epithelium damage: 95% (HeD) vs. 45% (CCBD), P <0.001; basal membrane damage: 82.5% (HeD) vs. 27.5% (CCBD), P <0.001; stromal damage: 62.5% (HeD) vs. 37.5% (CCBD), P <0.01). Cervical hemorrhagia was observed in 90% of the patients after HeD dilation versus in 32.5% of the patients after CCBD dilation.

Conclusions

The CCBD should be used as a replacement for mechanical dilators to prevent uterine and cervical injury during cervical dilation.

Trial registration

ISRCTN54007498
Outcome and patterns of failure after postoperative intensity modulated radiotherapy for locally advanced or high-risk oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Geretschläger Andreas , Bojaxhiu Beat , Crowe Susanne , Arnold Andreas , Manser Peter , Hallermann Wock , Aebersold Daniel M , Ghadjar Pirus
Published: October 2012

Background

To determine the outcome and patterns of failure in oral cavity cancer (OCC) patients after postoperative intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with concomitant systemic therapy.

Methods

All patients with locally advanced (AJCC stage III/IV) or high-risk OCC (AJCC stage II) who underwent postoperative IMRT at our institution between December 2006 and July 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. The primary endpoint was locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS). Secondary endpoints included distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), overall survival (OS), acute and late toxicities.

Results

Overall 53 patients were analyzed. Twenty-three patients (43%) underwent concomitant chemotherapy with cisplatin, two patients with carboplatin (4%) and four patients were treated with the monoclonal antibody cetuximab (8%).

At a median follow-up of 2.3 (range, 1.1–4.6) years the 3-year LRRFS, DMFS and OS estimates were 79%, 90%, and 73% respectively. Twelve patients experienced a locoregional recurrence. Eight patients, 5 of which had both a flap reconstruction and extracapsular extension (ECE), showed an unusual multifocal pattern of recurrence. Ten locoregional recurrences occurred marginally or outside of the high-risk target volumes. Acute toxicity grades of 2 (27%) and 3 (66%) and late toxicity grades of 2 (34%) and 3 (11%) were observed.

Conclusion

LRRFS after postoperative IMRT is satisfying and toxicity is acceptable. The majority of locoregional recurrences occurred marginally or outside of the high-risk target volumes. Improvement of high-risk target volume definition especially in patients with flap reconstruction and ECE might transfer into better locoregional control.
Temporary epicardial left ventricular and biventricular pacing improves cardiac output after cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: García-Bengochea Jose B , Fernández Angel L , Calvelo Daniel Sánchez , Escudero Julian Alvarez , Gude Francisco , Juanatey José R González
Published: October 2012

Background

To evaluate, with different pacing modes, acute changes in left ventricular systolic function, obtained by continuous cardiac output thermodilution in various subsets of patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Increments of mean arterial pressure and cardiac output were considered the end point.

Methods

Fifty cases electively submitted to cardiac surgery were analyzed. Isolated valve surgery 62%, coronary revascularization 30% and 8% mixed disease. Left ventricular ejection fraction was preserved in 50%,36% had moderate depression,(EF 36%-50%) whereas 14% had severe depression (EF < 35%). Left bundle branch block occurred in 18%. Preoperatively 84% were in sinus rhythm and 16% in atrial fibrillation. The different subgroups were analyzed for comparisons. Right atrial-right ventricular and right atrial-left ventricular pacing were employed in sinus rhytm. Biventricular pacing was also used in atrial fibrillation.

Results

Right atrium-right ventricular pacing, decreased significantly mean arterial pressure and cardiac output (2.3%) in the overall population and in the subgroups studied. Right atrium-left ventricle, increased mean arterial pressure and cardiac output in 79% of patients and yielded cardiac output increments of 7.5% (0.40 l/m) in the low ejection fraction subgroup and 7.3% (0.43 l/m) in the left bundle branch block subset. In atrial fibrillation patients, left ventricular and biventricular pacing produced a significant increase in cardiac output 8.5% (0.39 l/min) and 11.6% (0.53 l/min) respectively. The dP/dt max increased significantly with both modes (p = 0.021,p = 0.028).

Conclusion

Right atrial-right ventricular pacing generated adverse hemodynamic effects. Right atrium-left ventricular pacing produced significant CO improvement particularly in cases with depressed ventricular function and left bundle branch block. The greatest increments were observed with left ventricular or biventricular pacing in atrial fibrillation with depressed ejection fraction.
Optimal glycemic control in neurocritical care patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kramer Andreas H , Roberts Derek J , Zygun David A
Published: October 2012

Introduction

Hyper- and hypoglycemia are strongly associated with adverse outcomes in critical care. Neurologically injured patients are a unique subgroup, where optimal glycemic targets may differ, such that the findings of clinical trials involving heterogeneous critically ill patients may not apply.

Methods

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing intensive insulin therapy with conventional glycemic control among patients with traumatic brain injury, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, anoxic encephalopathy, central nervous system infections or spinal cord injury.

Results

Sixteen RCTs, involving 1248 neurocritical care patients, were included. Glycemic targets with intensive insulin ranged from 70-140 mg/dl (3.9-7.8 mmol/L), while conventional protocols aimed to keep glucose levels below 144-300 mg/dl (8.0-16.7 mmol/L). Tight glycemic control had no impact on mortality (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.83-1.17; p = 0.88), but did result in fewer unfavorable neurological outcomes (RR 0.91; 95% CI 0.84-1.00; p = 0.04). However, improved outcomes were only observed when glucose levels in the conventional glycemic control group were permitted to be relatively high [threshold for insulin administration > 200 mg/dl (> 11.1 mmol/L)], but not with more intermediate glycemic targets [threshold for insulin administration 140-180 mg/dl (7.8-10.0 mmol/L)]. Hypoglycemia was far more common with intensive therapy (RR 3.10; 95% CI 1.54-6.23; p = 0.002), but there was a large degree of heterogeneity in the results of individual trials (Q = 47.9; p<0.0001; I2 = 75%). Mortality was non-significantly higher with intensive insulin in studies where the proportion of patients developing hypoglycemia was large (> 33%) (RR 1.17; 95% CI 0.79-1.75; p = 0.44).

Conclusions

Intensive insulin therapy significantly increases the risk of hypoglycemia and does not influence mortality among neurocritical care patients. Very loose glucose control is associated with worse neurological recovery and should be avoided. These results suggest that intermediate glycemic goals may be most appropriate.
Introduction: How Did They Talk to One Another? Language Use and Communication in Multilingual New Spain
Authors: Yannakakis Yanna
Published: October 2012

This introduction poses the central question of this special issue: how did New Spain's colonial institutions and ethnically diverse colonial subjects use Nahuatl to administer and navigate a multilingual society? In response, I lay out a framework drawn from the articles and my own research that emphasizes the following themes: the importance of place and regional context in studies of language use; cleavages and connections between writing and speaking; language acquisition at the interface of the institutional and quotidian in colonial society; and language use as a means of shaping and negotiating interethnic relations and social status. I close the introduction by suggesting new avenues for research, including language use in everyday life, the development of regional forms of languages, and the making of language ideologies locally and colony-wide.
The Expansion of Nahuatl as a Lingua Franca among Priests in Sixteenth-Century Mexico
Authors: Schwaller John F.
Published: October 2012

This article examines the practice of ordaining young men because of their personal language ability, a process referred to as an ordination a título de lengua. As a result of reforms codified by the Catholic Church in the Council of Trent, prospective priests were required to support themselves without assistance from the Church, a requirement called a title. This requirement was satisfied if an ordinand enjoyed a benefice or a chantry. Because of the need to have as many priests who knew native languages as possible, the crown ordered that the ability to speak a native language could be used in lieu of a title. Starting in the 1560s the bishops of Mexico began to keep track of clergy according to their ability to speak a native language. When the system of oposiciones (competitive placement exams) began in the 1580s, candidates for benefices would be tested on their language ability. This article traces the development of a bilingual secular clergy in order to evaluate whether royal officials responded to the widespread use of Nahuatl at the time of contact or whether those same officials encouraged the spread of Nahuatl through their policies.
The Use of Nahuatl in Evangelization and the Ministry of Sebastian
Authors: Christensen Mark Z.
Published: October 2012

Nahuatl played an essential role in the evangelization of Central Mexico. Although the crown and its appointed officials vacillated between the use of Nahuatl and Spanish in teaching the Christian doctrine, the majority of ecclesiastics supported the use of Nahuatl, particularly in the composition of religious texts. Examining a Nahuatl sermon on the ministry of St. Sebastian, this article illustrates the necessity of Nahuatl in evangelization while exposing the potential for such a necessity to produce religious texts with unorthodox contents.
Conclusion: A Language across Space, Time, and Ethnicity
Authors: Pizzigoni Caterina
Published: October 2012

This special issue shows that Nahuatl was not a standard lingua franca spread across Mexico, but was used flexibly and spontaneously by people of many kinds for many different purposes, varying greatly according to the location, the ethnicity, and the social status of speakers and writers, as well as the passage of time. And the Nahuatl on the periphery showed archaic traits left over from the language's spread in preconquest times. The plasticity of Nahuatl is a key factor in its survival and success.
Pressure Effect on the Reorientational Correlation Time of Water in N,N-Dimethylformamide–Water Mixtures at 25 °C
Authors: Okada Masaki , Ibuki Kazuyasu , Ueno Masakatsu
Published: October 2012

NMR spin–lattice relaxation times (T1) for nucleus D of D2O in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)–D2O mixtures were measured up to 80 mol % of DMF at 25 °C under high pressure up to 196.1 MPa. To discuss the pressure effect on the dynamic behavior of water molecules in the mixtures, the reorientational correlation times (τc) of D2O molecules were estimated from the quadrupole coupling equation. τc in neat D2O decreased monotonously with increasing pressure and the negative pressure coefficient of τc (∂τc/∂P < 0) was still observed at 5 mol % of DMF, while ∂τc/∂P became positive at more than 10 mol % of DMF as in the cases of ordinary liquids and larger with increasing DMF content. These results would be ascribed to the diminishing of the effect of pressure-induced distortion of the hydrogen-bonded network of water. In order to investigate the pressure effect on the liquid structure and the reorientational dynamics of water molecules in detail, we performed the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations paying attention to the pressure effect on hydrogen-bonding, hydrophobic hydration, and dipole interaction.
Organic Single-Crystal Transistors Based on π-Extended Heteroheptacene Microribbons
Authors: Yang Yu Seok , Yasuda Takuma , Adachi Chihaya
Published: October 2012

Facile synthesis of a new series of π-extended thienoacenes has been described. Their electronic structures have been elucidated by UV–vis absorption and photoelectron spectra. Well-defined single-crystal microribbons composed of self-organized thienoacene molecules have been fabricated using physical vapor transport, and have been applied to field-effect transistors. The organic transistors employing the single-crystal microribbons exhibit mobilities as high as 0.47 cm2 V s−1 with on/off ratios of ca. 106.
A Theory of Occupational Choice with Endogenous Fertility
Authors: Mookherjee Dilip , Prina Silvia , Ray Debraj
Published: October 2012

Theories based on partial equilibrium reasoning alone cannot explain the widespread negative cross-sectional correlation between parental wages and fertility, without restrictive assumptions on preferences and childcare costs. We argue that incorporating a dynamic general equilibrium analysis of returns to human capital can help explain observed empirical patterns. Other by-products of this theory include explanations for intergenerational mobility without stochastic shocks, connections between mobility and fertility patterns, and locally determinate steady states. Comparative statics exercises on steady states shed light on the effects of education, childcare subsidies, child labor regulations, and income redistribution policy on long run living standards. (JEL H23, I31, J13, J24, J62, J82)
Equity Aversion: Social Norms and the Desire to be Ahead
Authors: Fershtman Chaim , Gneezy Uri , List John A
Published: October 2012

Inequity aversion models have dominated the behavioral economics landscape in the last decade. This study uses variants of dictator and trust games to provide empirical content to these models. We manipulate market features—such as competition over resources—to demonstrate that extant models cannot explain realistic manipulations of either game. For example, we show that if socially acceptable actions provide one player with a greater portion of the rents, she will put forth extra effort to secure them, to the detriment of the other person. When she can earn more than the other player through customary actions, we find a preference for selfishness. (JEL C71, C70, D03, Z13)
Truth in Consequentiality: Theory and Field Evidence on Discrete Choice Experiments
Authors: Vossler Christian A , Doyon Maurice , Rondeau Daniel
Published: October 2012

This paper explores methodological issues surrounding the use of discrete choice experiments to elicit values for public goods. We develop an explicit game theoretic model of individual decisions, providing conditions under which surveys with a single binary choice question, or sequence of binary choice questions, are incentive-compatible. We complement the theory with a framed field experiment, with treatments that span the spectrum from incentive-compatible, financially binding decisions to decisions with no direct financial consequences. The results suggest truthful preference revelation is possible, provided that participants view their decisions as having more than a weak chance of influencing policy. (JEL C83, C93, H41, Q23)
Evolutionary Selection of Individual Expectations and Aggregate Outcomes in Asset Pricing Experiments
Authors: Anufriev Mikhail , Hommes Cars
Published: October 2012

In recent “learning to forecast” experiments (Hommes et al. 2005), three different patterns in aggregate price behavior have been observed: slow monotonic convergence, permanent oscillations, and dampened fluctuations. We show that a simple model of individual learning can explain these different aggregate outcomes within the same experimental setting. The key idea is evolutionary selection among heterogeneous expectation rules, driven by their relative performance. The out-of-sample predictive power of our switching model is higher compared to the rational or other homogeneous expectations benchmarks. Our results show that heterogeneity in expectations is crucial to describe individual forecasting and aggregate price behavior. (JEL C53, C91, D83, D84, G12)
Inflammation in abdominal aortic aneurysms: cellular infiltrate and cytokine profiles
Authors: Eagleton Matthew J
Published: October 2012

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) pathogenesis occurs as a result of the altered homeostasis of the aortic vessel wall structural proteins. This results in weakening, and subsequent expansion, of the aorta leading to aneurysm formation. Multiple mechanisms are involved in this process, including genetic abnormalities, biomechanical wall stress, apoptosis, and proteolytic degradation of the aortic wall. One key hallmark of this pathology, which orchestrates the interaction of the various pathologic processes, is inflammation. The inflammatory process is characterized by the infiltration of a variety of cells, which leads to the upregulation of multiple cytokines. The balance of the cellular type and resultant cytokine milieu determines the ultimate fate of the aortic wall – healing, atherosclerosis or aneurysm formation. This review highlights some of the known cellular and cytokine inflammatory events that are involved in aortic aneurysm formation.
Uterine artery embolization: a vascular surgery procedure? One vascular surgery group's experience
Authors: Cooper Shelby , Oceguera Luis M , Danes Stratton
Published: October 2012

Uterine artery embolization (UAE) has been performed by interventional radiology since the 1990s for symptomatic uterine fibroids with considerable success. Endovascular-trained vascular surgeons possess the necessary skills to successfully perform this procedure after an adequate but brief training period. Fourteen successful UAE procedures were performed by two vascular surgeons over a one-year period. Indications for the procedures were bleeding (12/14 patients, 86%), pain/bloating/pressure (13/14 patients, 93%) and dyspareunia (2/14 patients, 14%). All patients were initially evaluated by a gynecologist and referred for this procedure. Complications were minor and limited. Clinical follow-up demonstrated near-complete to complete symptom resolution in all but one patient for a 93% short-term success rate. Follow-up ultrasound studies demonstrated a reduction in the uterine fibroid size in all patients three months or more postprocedure. The mean fibroid size reduction was 4.07–3.26 cm (20%), P < 0.005. UAE is a procedure of proven benefit, well-matched to many vascular surgeons’ skills and practice. Up to this point, few vascular surgeons have incorporated this endovascular procedure into their practices. This initial and somewhat limited study demonstrates one vascular surgery group's early success with this procedure.
Cardiovascular disease: primary prevention, disease modulation and regenerative therapy
Authors: Sultan Sherif , Hynes Niamh
Published: October 2012

Cardiovascular primary prevention and regeneration programs are the contemporary frontiers in functional metabolic vascular medicine. This novel science perspective harnesses our inherent ability to modulate the interface between specialized gene receptors and bioavailable nutrients in what is labeled as the nutrient–gene interaction. By mimicking a natural process through the conveyance of highly absorbable receptor specific nutrients, it is feasible to accelerate cell repair and optimize mitochondrial function, thereby achieving cardiovascular cure. We performed a comprehensive review of PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Review databases for articles relating to cardiovascular regenerative medicine, nutrigenomics and primary prevention, with the aim of harmonizing their roles within contemporary clinical practice. We searched in particular for large-scale randomized controlled trials on contemporary cardiovascular pharmacotherapies and their specific adverse effects on metabolic pathways which feature prominently in cardiovascular regenerative programs, such as nitric oxide and glucose metabolism. Scientific research on ‘cardiovascular-free’ centenarians delineated that low sugar and low insulin are consistent findings. As we age, our insulin level increases. Those who can decelerate the rapidity of this process are prompting their cardiovascular rejuvenation. It is beginning to dawn on some clinicians that contemporary treatments are not only failing to impact on our most prevalent diseases, but they may be causing more damage than good. Primary prevention programs are crucial elements for a better outcome. Cardiovascular primary prevention and regeneration programs have enhanced clinical efficacy and quality of life and complement our conventional endovascular practice.
“Black bone” MRI: a potential alternative to CT when imaging the head and neck: report of eight clinical cases and review of the Oxford experience
Authors: Eley K A , Watt-Smith S R , Golding S J
Published: October 2012

Objective

The potential risks associated with ionising radiation are well documented. We have previously reported the “black bone” MRI sequence, useful when imaging cortical bone. The objective of this paper is to report our initial experience of this technique in patients undergoing imaging of the head and neck region.

Methods

Using the departmental database those patients having had “black bone” sequences of the head and neck performed as part of their MRI examination in the preceding 5 years were identified. The radiological reports were reviewed to identify those cases where “black bone” or conventional MRI sequences had been performed in place of the requested CT, and the patient medical records for these cases were reviewed. Medical record review was also conducted for those cases where it was considered that the pathological condition requiring imaging would ordinarily be investigated with CT.

Results

The “black bone” sequence had been performed in 69 patients as part of routine MRI of the head and neck. Of these, 67% (n=46) were performed in combination with CT imaging, the majority of cases being primary tumours. In four cases, an MRI was performed in place of the requested CT scan. We present eight clinical cases illustrating the potential benefits of the “black bone” sequence.

Conclusions

“Black bone” MRI offers a radiation-free method of imaging the head and neck, and has been successfully utilised in a range of benign and malignant conditions affecting this region.

Advances in knowledge

Adoption of this approach, where feasible, would be a significant advance in radiation protection.
Dosimetric advantages of generalised equivalent uniform dose-based optimisation on dose–volume objectives in intensity-modulated radiotherapy planning for bilateral breast cancer
Authors: Lee T-F , Ting H-M , Chao P-J , Wang H-Y , Shieh C-S , Horng M-F , Wu J-M , Yeh S-A , Cho M-Y , Huang E-Y , Huang Y-J , Chen H-C , Fang F-M
Published: October 2012

Objective

We compared and evaluated the differences between two models for treating bilateral breast cancer (BBC): (i) dose–volume-based intensity-modulated radiation treatment (DV plan), and (ii) dose–volume-based intensity-modulated radiotherapy with generalised equivalent uniform dose-based optimisation (DV-gEUD plan).

Methods

The quality and performance of the DV plan and DV-gEUD plan using the Pinnacle3® system (Philips, Fitchburg, WI) were evaluated and compared in 10 patients with stage T2–T4 BBC. The plans were delivered on a Varian 21EX linear accelerator (Varian Medical Systems, Milpitas, CA) equipped with a Millennium 120 leaf multileaf collimator (Varian Medical Systems). The parameters analysed included the conformity index, homogeneity index, tumour control probability of the planning target volume (PTV), the volumes V  20 Gy and V  30 Gy of the organs at risk (OAR, including the heart and lungs), mean dose and the normal tissue complication probability.

Results

Both plans met the requirements for the coverage of PTV with similar conformity and homogeneity indices. However, the DV-gEUD plan had the advantage of dose sparing for OAR: the mean doses of the heart and lungs, lung V  20  Gy, and heart V  30  Gy in the DV-gEUD plan were lower than those in the DV plan (p<0.05).

Conclusions

A better result can be obtained by starting with a DV-generated plan and then improving it by adding gEUD-based improvements to reduce the number of iterations and to improve the optimum dose distribution.

Advances to knowledge

The DV-gEUD plan provided superior dosimetric results for treating BBC in terms of PTV coverage and OAR sparing than the DV plan, without sacrificing the homogeneity of dose distribution in the PTV.
Contrast-enhanced MRI of the subdeltoid, subacromial bursa in painful and painless rotator cuff tears
Authors: Hodgson R J , O'Connor P J , Hensor E M A , Barron D , Robinson P
Published: October 2012

Objective

Although shoulder pain is often associated with rotator cuff tears, many tears are asymptomatic and are not the cause of the patient's pain. This may explain the persistence of symptoms in some patients despite technically successful rotator cuff repair. It has been proposed that rotator cuff tears cause pain through subdeltoid/subacromial bursal inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine whether bursal inflammation seen on MRI is associated with pain in patients with rotator cuff tears of the shoulder.

Methods

The shoulders of 255 patients were screened with ultrasound. 33 full-thickness rotator cuff tears (18 with shoulder pain and 15 without pain) were identified and subsequently studied using contrast-enhanced MRI of the shoulder. Enhancement of the subacromial bursa was scored independently by two musculoskeletal radiologists. Logistic regression was used to determine whether bursal enhancement was independently associated with pain.

Results

There was a significant association between pain and age, with greater likelihood of pain in younger patients. Bursal enhancement was common in both painful and painless tears. No statistically significant link between pain and bursal enhancement was seen, even after accounting for age.

Conclusion

Although enhancement of the subdeltoid/subacromial bursa was common, no evidence was found to support the hypothesis that bursal enhancement is associated with pain in rotator cuff tears. It is therefore unlikely to determine reliably which patients would benefit from rotator cuff repair.

Advances in knowledge

Bursal enhancement and thickening does not reliably correlate with symptoms or presence of rotator cuff tear.
Ultrasound elastography for musculoskeletal applications
Authors: Drakonaki E E , Allen G M , Wilson D J
Published: October 2012

Ultrasound elastography (EUS) is a method to assess the mechanical properties of tissue, by applying stress and detecting tissue displacement using ultrasound. There are several EUS techniques used in clinical practice; strain (compression) EUS is the most common technique that allows real-time visualisation of the elastographic map on the screen. There is increasing evidence that EUS can be used to measure the mechanical properties of musculoskeletal tissue in clinical practice, with the future potential for early diagnosis to both guide and monitor therapy. This review describes the various EUS techniques available for clinical use, presents the published evidence on musculoskeletal applications of EUS and discusses the technical issues, limitations and future perspectives of this method in the assessment of the musculoskeletal system.
Species-specific shells: Chitin synthases and cell mechanics in molluscs
Authors: Weiss Ingrid
Published: October 2012

The size, morphology and species-specific texture of mollusc shell biominerals is one of the unresolved questions in nature. In search of molecular control principles, chitin has been identified by Weiner and Traub (FEBS Lett. 1980, 111:311–316) as one of the organic compounds with a defined co-organization with mineral phases. Chitin fibers can be aligned with certain mineralogical axes of crystalline calcium carbonate in a species-specific manner. These original observations motivated the functional characterization of chitin forming enzymes in molluscs. The full-length cDNA cloning of mollusc chitin synthases identified unique myosin domains as part of the biological control system. The potential impact of molecular motors and other conserved domains of these complex transmembrane enzymes on the evolution of shell biomineralization is investigated and discussed in this article.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties of FeSbx Nanocomposites Through Stoichiometric Adjustment
Authors: Pokharel Mani , Zhao Huaizhou , Lukas Kevin , Ren Zhifeng , Opeil Cyril
Published: October 2012

The Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity and Hall coefficient of FeSbx (x = 2.04, 2.00, and 1.96) nanocomposites hot pressed at 300 °C were measured. The power factor of FeSb1.96 was increased by 105% compared to FeSb2. Hall coefficient measurements revealed a decreased carrier concentration and increased mobility in FeSb1.96 with an overall enhancement in ZTof 45% in FeSb1.96 .
Bone Graft Substitutes for Periodontal Use Available in the United States
Authors: Avila‐Ortiz Gustavo , Elangovan Satheesh , Karimbux Nadeem
Published: October 2012

A comprehensive search was conducted to identify all the bone substitute products marketed in the United States for periodontal and oral implant applications. Different sources were searched to obtain information regarding the original manufacturer, source, sterilization process, product presentation details, and composition. A detailed report of the results is presented. A total of 144 different bone substitutes were identified. Of those, 93 were allografts, 30 were alloplastic materials, and 21 were xenografts.

A multitude of bone graft substitutes are currently available in the United States for periodontal and oral implant applications and the majority are allografts produced by well‐established tissue banks or manufacturers.
Evaluation of Supracrestal Gingival Tissue After Surgical Crown Lengthening: A 6‐Month Clinical Study
Authors: Arora Ritika , Narula Satish C. , Sharma Rajinder K. , Tewari Shikha
Published: October 2012

Background: Previous studies on crown lengthening (CL) report contradictory results regarding stability of crown length gained at the time of surgery. The “3‐mm rule” has dictated the amount of alveolar bone to be removed during CL surgery for decades. With the current understanding of wide variations in supracrestal gingival tissue (SGT) dimensions, bone removal can be customized to the situation. The purpose of this study is to assess alterations in periodontal tissue levels 6 months after CL surgery and to evaluate factors that may influence stability of CL achieved over time.

Methods: Sixty‐four patients requiring CL surgery on 64 teeth are included in this study. Clinical parameters were recorded along six surfaces of treated tooth and neighboring teeth. Sites were labeled as treated sites, adjacent sites, and non‐adjacent sites. Bone was reduced based on the minimal amount of tooth structure required for restorative purpose and SGT dimensions at each site. Patients were re‐evaluated at 3 and 6 months.

Results: Significant soft‐tissue rebound (0.77 ± 0.58 mm) was observed 6 months after CL surgery. This rebound was found to be significantly correlated with periodontal biotype (r = 0.325, P = 0.000) and post‐suturing flap position (r = −0.601, P = 0.000). SGT was not reestablished to its preoperative dimensions by the end of 6 months (P = 0.001).

Conclusions: Crown length gained during surgery significantly decreased 6 months post‐surgery. Suturing the flap ≤3 mm from the osseous crest and thick‐flat biotype were associated with greater tissue rebound.
Tooth Loss and Periodontitis in Older Individuals: Results From the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care
Authors: Renvert Stefan , Persson Rigmor E. , Persson G. Rutger
Published: October 2012

Background: Due to the increasing number of older people, there is a need for studies focused on this population. The aims of the present study are to assess oral and systemic conditions in individuals aged 60 to 95 years with access to dental insurance.

Methods: Probing depths (PDs), tooth loss, alveolar bone levels, and systemic health were studied among a representative cohort of older individuals.

Results: A total of 1,147 individuals in young‐old (aged 60 or 67 years), old (aged 72 or 78 years), and old‐old (aged ≥81 years) age groups were enrolled, including 200 individuals who were edentulous, in this study. Annual dental care was received by 82% of dentate individuals. Systemic diseases were common (diabetes: 5.8%; cardiovascular diseases: 20.7%; obesity: 71.2%; elevated C‐reactive protein [CRP]: 98.4%). Serum CRP values were unrelated to periodontal conditions. Rates of periodontitis, defined as ≥30% of sites with a distance from cemento‐enamel junction to bone of ≥5 mm, were 11.2% in women in the young‐old age group and 44.9% in men in the old‐old age group. Individuals in older age groups had a higher likelihood of periodontitis defined by bone loss and cutoff levels of PD ≥5 mm (odds ratio: 1.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.2 to 2.5; P <0.01). A total of 7% of individuals in the old‐old age group had ≥20 teeth and no periodontitis. Systemic diseases, dental use, or smoking were not explanatory, whereas age and sex were explanatory for periodontitis.

Conclusions: The prevalence of periodontitis increased with age. Sex seems to be the dominant explanatory factor for periodontitis in older individuals. Despite frequent dental visits, overall oral health in the oldest age cohort was poor.
Women And Hysteria In The History Of Mental Health
Authors: Tasca Cecilia , Rapetti Mariangela , Carta Mauro Giovanni , Fadda Bianca
Published: October 2012

Hysteria is undoubtedly the first mental disorder attributable to women, accurately described in the second millennium BC, and until Freud considered an exclusively female disease. Over 4000 years of history, this disease was considered from two perspectives: scientific and demonological. It was cured with herbs, sex or sexual abstinence, punished and purified with fire for its association with sorcery and finally, clinically studied as a disease and treated with innovative therapies. However, even at the end of 19th century, scientific innovation had still not reached some places, where the only known therapies were those proposed by Galen. During the 20th century several studies postulated the decline of hysteria amongst occidental patients (both women and men) and the escalating of this disorder in non-Western countries. The concept of hysterical neurosis is deleted with the 1980 DSM-III. The evolution of these diseases seems to be a factor linked with social “westernization”, and examining under what conditions the symptoms first became common in different societies became a priority for recent studies over risk factor.
Effect of feathering alleles (K/k+) on laying performance, hatchability parameters and some body measurements in two lines of white plymouth rock hens
Authors: Mincheva N. , Lalev M. , Oblakova M. , Hristakieva P. , Ivanova I.
Published: October 2012

The study aimed to investigate the effects of sex - linked feathering alleles
on laying performance, hatchability parameters and body measurements in hens
from two White Plymouth Rock lines (line L and line K) used as maternal lines
in broiler production. Four groups of 18-week-old hens were formed, two of
each line, with genotype K/W (slow feathering) and k+/W (rapid feathering)
respectively. Groups of line L included 72 hens divided into 6 boxes with 1
rooster per 12 hens, whereas line K groups comprised 96 hens of each
genotype, housed in 8 boxes with one rooster per 12 hens, totally 192 birds.
The K locus alleles had no significant effect on egg production traits
(p>0.05). The presence of slow feathering allele resulted in lower fertility
and hatchability of set eggs in both studied lines (p<0.05). A substantial
effect of feathering rate alleles was observed with respect to the egg shape
index (p<0.05), eggshell thickness (p<0.001) and albumen index (p<0.05). The
presence of the slow feathering allele resulted in lower live body weight of
birds from line K at the age of 36 weeks (p<0.05), but in longer thighs
(p<0.01) and metatarsi (p<0.001) in both lines. The selection for creation of
slow feathering lines for feather sexing purposes should take into
consideration the effect of the K gene on studied traits.
The effect of genotype and year on traits of performance tested gilts
Authors: Radovic Cedomir , Petrovic M. , Parunovic N. , Brkic N. , Zivkovic B. , Gogic M. , Stanisic N.
Published: October 2012

Objective of this research was to establish the effect of animal genotype,
year of measuring and birth on traits of performance tested gilts: age at the
end of the test (AET), life daily gain (LDG), back fat thickness 1 and 2
(BFT1 and BFT2), depth of back muscle (MLD) and assessed share of meat in
carcass. Of total number of animals (n=3600) included in the research, 1709
animals were of genotype SL and 1891 of genotype ?SLx?LY. In regard to the
birth year of tested gilts, the distribution was following: n2006=296,
n2007=895, n2008=934, n2009=803, n2010=589 and n2011=83 gilts. In regard to
testing year, the distribution of gilts was as follows: n2007=682, n2008=875,
n2009=962, n2010=697 and n2011=384 gilts. The effects of test year and birth
year were established (P<0.001) for all studied traits, whereas the effect of
genotype was not established (P>0.05).
Meat fatty acid profile of pigs fed linseed enriched diet
Authors: Okanovic Djordje , Ivanov D. , Palic D. , Mandic A. , Ilic N.
Published: October 2012

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of diet supplemented with
linseed rich additive on fatty acid profile and omega-fatty acids content in
pig meat. Twelve pigs were divided in a control and experimental group and
grown to 110 kg of live weight. The experimental group was fed a standard
diet enriched with 2.5% of commercial additive Vitalan?. After the end of
feeding period, the meat samples from both groups were analyzed for fatty
acids content in raw and roasted meat. The ratio between omega-6 and omega-3
acids was established. Samples from experimental group fed with linseed
enriched diet showed higher ?-3 acids content in meat (6.24% - 7.23%),
compared to the control group (0.71% - 1.64%), thus making it better for a
human consumption from a health perspective. Linseed enriched diet positively
influenced fatty acid composition of pig M. Longissimus dorsi muscle by
decreasing SFA content, as well as increasing PUFA and UFA content. Heat
treatment did not significantly decreased content of stearic and linoleic
fatty acids in any sample. It was concluded that the diet enriched with
extruded linseed had beneficial effect on the majority of monitored
parameters in the study.
Some important factors affecting fertility in sheep
Authors: Petrovic Milan , Caro-Petrovic V. , Ruzic-Muslic D. , Maksimovic N. , Ilic Z. , Milosevic B. , Stojkovic J.
Published: October 2012

Efficiency of sheep production is conditioned by fertility. According to some
authors number of offspring obtained per lambing is more important than gain
of weight. Genetic relationships involving reproductive traits were seldom
studied. Reproductive traits have low heritabilities, a discrete phenotypic
expression, and are expressed only in sexually mature ewes leading to low
selection intensities and long generation intervals. Documentation of
realized selection response is also often complicated by the low
heritabilities of fertility traits. Existence of a major gene affecting
prolificacy had been suggested and at that time there were many sceptics who
strongly doubted that a trait as complex as reproduction could be profoundly
influenced by a single gene. Major genes affecting prolificacy in sheep was
founded. A mutation in the bone morphogenetic protein 15 gene (BMP15, also
known as GDF9B) responsible for high prolificacy in Inverdale sheep had been
discovered and evidence of segregating major genes was being reported from
flocks around the world. Development of gene mapping techniques, and locating
alleles that are responsible for the fertility of sheep began a new chapter
in predicting and controlling the fertility of sheep. The beneficial effects
of nutrition on reproduction in sheep are well known. This procedure is known
as flushing. The effect of Body Condition Score (BCS), before mating, during
mating and after mating period, on reproductive efficiency of different
breeds of sheep in the different rearing systems were studied. The farm
manager has the ability to control or at least to manipulate the factors that
have an impact on fertility.
Efficiency of zeolite basis preparation in fattening lambs diet
Authors: Stojkovic J. , Ilic Z. , Ciric S. , Ristanovic B. , Petrovic M.P. , Caro-Petrovic V. , Kurcubic V.
Published: October 2012

The paper presents the results of a research on the impact of products based
on natural zeolite on the production results of fattening lambs. The
experiment involved two groups of lambs (the control - C and experimental - E
groups), each consisting of 15 heads, for a period of 90 days. The meal was
made from sheep milk, feed mixtures for fattening lambs and meadow hay. The
test group lambs, unlike the ones from the control group, were given mixtures
based on natural zeolite. Min-a-Zel S mixture (in the form of 25% composite)
was fed to lambs from birth till their 14th day of life, directly into the
mouth, once a day (before the morning feed), in the amount of 10 ml.
Min-a-Zel Plus was given to them from their 15th day of life, together with
the feed mixture (0.5%). Feeding was at will. The average weight of lambs at
the end of the experiment, in accordance with the sequence of treatments
(C:E) was 24.40:26.94 kg (P <0.01). Daily weight gain of lambs, during the
experiment, was 229:256 g and in the experimental group it was by 27g or
11.79% higher (P <0.01). The test group lambs had a better utilization of dry
matter, protein and energy, which justifies the use of products based on
natural zeolite in fattening lambs.
Correlation coefficients of morphological: Productive traits of species of Sorghum genus
Authors: Jankovic S. , Rakic S. , Ikanovic J. , Kuzevski J. , Zivanovic Lj. , Lakic Z.
Published: October 2012

Objective of the research were phenotypic and genetic correlation
coefficients of three species of Sorghum genus - forage sorghum S. bicolor
Moench. (genotype NS-Dzin), Sudan grass S. sudanense L. (genotype Zora) and
interspecies hybrid S. bicolor x S. sudanense (genotype Siloking). Studies
were carried out on samples of plant material from the first cut. The
following morphological-productive traits were studied: plant height, number
of leaves per plant, mass of leaves on the stem, average stem mass and yield
of green biomass. In the analysis of genetic and phenotypic coefficients,
differences depending on the impact on studied morphological-productive
traits are observed. The highest value of the stem height was recorded in
Sudan grass (2.281 m), as well as number of leaves per plants (7.917). The
greatest mass of leaves per plant was established in forage sorghum (49.05
g), and the highest average stem mass was recorded in interspecies hybrid
plants (80.798 g). Variation of morphological-productive indicators per
species was significant and very significant. Coefficients of simple
correlations indicate the presence of very strong to almost complete,
statistically very significant positive correlations, so these effects were
expected. Plant height and number of leaves were not directly but indirectly
statistically significant to yield of green biomass and varied from
insignificant and very weak to sporadically medium strong and statistically
significant.
Improvement of production performance of functional fermented whey-based beverage
Authors: Bulatovic Maja , Rakin Marica , Mojovic Ljiljana , Nikolic Svetlana , Vukasinovic-Sekulic Maja , Djukic-Vukovic Aleksandra
Published: October 2012

The aim of this study was improvement of the performances for the production
of whey-based beverages with highly productive strains of Lactobacillus.
Individual or mixed culture containing Lactobacillus helveticus ATCC 15009,
Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. lactis NRRL B-4525 and Streptococcus
thermophilus S3 were studied. The scientific hypothesis was that production
performances, especially aroma and viable cell count, are positively affected
by the strains combination and temperature. Based on the results, beverages
obtained by mixed cultures Lb. helveticus ATCC 15009 - S. thermophilus S3 and
Lb. delbrueckii ssp. lactis - S. thermophilus S3 had higher aroma values than
beverages obtained by individual strains. The symbiosis of tested strains has
positive impact on the aroma of produced beverage. In addition, the
temperature has significant influence on cell viability during the storage
and fermentation dynamic. The beverages produced by mixed cultures Lb.
helveticus ATCC 15009 - S. thermophilus S3 and Lb. delbrueckii ssp. lactis -
S. thermophilus S3 at 42 oC achieved higher storage stability (19 to 22 days)
than beverages produced at 37?C and 45?C (13 to 19 days). Subsequently, at 42
?C fermentation time for both mixed cultures was 1.5 h shorter, compared to
the time achieved at 37?C.