bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peat forest Rehabilitation in Central Kalimantan and REDD+: Conflicting Roles of Government Agencies
Authors: Farhan Farwiza , Medrilzam Medrilzam , Thomas Sebastian
Published: November 2019

Peat forests are considered to be one of the largest reserves of terrestrial carbon in the world, and play an important role in storing atmospheric carbon. Indonesia is home to nearly half of the world’s tropical peatlands, and as the country with the world’s second-highest deforestation rate (after Brazil), these peatlands are being severely degraded. This paper uses the former Mega Rice Project area of Central Kalimantan to explore the role of government agencies in the development and implementation of Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) schemes in Indonesia. The Indonesian Government is committed to reducing emissions from deforestation, as well as rehabilitating degraded forest areas. As Indonesia’s legislative system is still maturing, policy and regulatory decisions are often made without thorough planning, and frequently conflict with one another. The research presented here identifies contradictory regulations and overlaps in the responsibilities of government agencies directly involved in elements of REDD+ policy, principally in regard to forest governance and land tenure in project areas.
Identification of acid-insoluble filter-plugging compounds and optimal acid-washing procedures for tubular backpulse pressure filters
Authors: TAYLOR KEVIN , ADDERLY RICH , BAXTER GAVIN
Published: November 2019

Over time, performance of tubular backpulse pressure filters in kraft mills deteriorates, even with regular acid washing. Unscheduled filter replacement due to filter plugging results in significant costs and may result in mill downtime. We identified acid-insoluble filter-plugging materials by scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis in both polypropylene and Gore-Tex™ membrane filter socks. The major filter-plugging components were calcium sulfate (gypsum), calcium phosphate (hydroxylapatite), aluminosilicate clays, metal sulfides, and carbon. We carried out detailed sample analysis of both the standard acid-washing procedure and a modified procedure. Filter plugging by gypsum and metal sulfides appeared to occur because of the acid-washing procedure. Gypsum formation on the filter resulted from significant hydrolysis of sulfamic acid solution at temperatures greater than 130°F. Modification of the acid-washing procedure greatly reduced the amount of gypsum and addition of a surfactant to the acid reduced wash time and mobilized some of the carbon from the filter. With surfactant, acid washing was 95% complete after 40 min.
Use of a sol-gel processed polyvinyl alcohol/inorganic silica hybrid material to improve the surface strength of recycled fiber sheets
Authors: SHEN YI-DING , ZHAO YAN-NA , LI XIAO-RUI
Published: November 2019

We successfully composed a hybrid material that comprises organic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and inorganic silica (SiO2) through a sol–gel reaction with tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS). The hybrid material was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR). The chemical results indicated there were chemical bonds between SiO2 and PVA. The handsheet testing showed that folding strength, tensile strength, tearing strength, and picking velocity were increased by 22.3%, 35%, 26%, and 26%, respectively, when the hybrid material was used at a coat weight of 61 g/m2. In addition, strength development of the hybrid increases by using an oxidized starch at a 3:1 addition ratio.
Relationship of Surface Strength and Bulk Strength Properties in Uncoated Woodfree Paper
Authors: GERLI ALESSANDRA , EIGENBROOD LEENDERT C. , NURMI SANNA
Published: November 2019

Various uncoated woodfree papers produced on a pilot paper machine were characterized for picking resistance, using an IGT printability tester, and standard sheet properties. The papers were produced with and without surface sizing or a debonding agent, with different filler types (ground calcium carbonate [GCC] or precipitated calcium carbonate [PCC]) and levels (20% and 25%), and by varying the calendering conditions. The goal was to assess the relationship between surface strength of these sheets and their bulk strength properties, such as tensile strength and internal bond. Variables such as the use of a debonding agent or the application of surface size had equal effect on picking resistance and tensile strength. Increase of filler content in paper or replacement of GCC with PCC reduced picking resistance, tensile strength, and internal bond. Increase of the calendering load, for both GCC and PCC sheets, reduced picking resistance but left tensile strength and internal bond unaffected. Picking resistance of the 25% PCC-containing sheets was affected at a significantly larger extent by an increase in calendering load than picking resistance of the 25% GCC-containing sheets. These results point out that the surface of a highly filled PCC sheet is particularly sensitive to surface damage by calendering.
Calculation of single chain cellulose elasticity using fully atomistic modeling
Authors: WU XIAWA , MOON ROBERT J. , MARTINI ASHLIE
Published: November 2019

Cellulose nanocrystals, a potential base material for green nanocomposites, are ordered bundles of cellulose chains. The properties of these chains have been studied for many years using atomic-scale modeling. However, model predictions are difficult to interpret because of the significant dependence of predicted properties on model details. The goal of this study is to begin to understand these dependencies. We focus on the investigation on model cellulose chains with different lengths and having both periodic and nonperiodic boundary conditions, and predict elasticity in the axial (chain) direction with three commonly used calculation methods. We find that chain length, boundary conditions, and calculation method affect the magnitude of the predicted axial modulus and the uncertainty associated with that value. Further, the axial modulus is affected by the degree to which the molecule is strained. This result is interpreted in terms of the bonded and nonbonded contributions to potential energy, with a focus on the breaking of hydrogen bonds during deformation.
Simplicia and Extracts Standardization from Jualing Leaves (Micromelum minutum Wight & Arn.) from South Kalimantan
Authors: Sutomo Sutomo , Lestari Herwina Dita , Arnida Arnida , Sriyono Agung
Published: November 2019

Jualing (Micromelum minutum Wight & Arn.) is a plant from South Kalimantan that has the potential to be developed as natural medicine. This study aims to establish standardization which includes specific and non-specific parameters of M. minutum leaf simplicia and extracts from three growing locations, namely Banua Botanical Garden, Sultan Adam Forest Park, and Forest Areas with Specific Objects of Rantau, South Kalimantan. The method of setting standardization parameters refers to the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia and General Standard Extracts Parameters. Organoleptic standardization of simplicia is brownish-green, has a distinctive odor, has a bitter and slightly spicy taste. Microscopic observations showed the presence of stomata, cell walls, cytoplasm, calcium oxalate crystals, upper epidermis, palisade tissue, spongy tissue, cortex, xylem, phloem, lower epidermis, and trichomes. Water content test showed the results of 21.9-22.07%; ethanol extract content of 12.87-13.17%; drying losses 4.64-4.84%; total ash content of 6.04-6.14%; acid insoluble ash content 1.13-1.19%; Pb levels of 0.022-0.025 mg/kg; Cd levels of 0.017-0.020 mg/kg; and Hg levels <0.0004 mg/kg. Extract standardization shows thick green-black, thick-smelling extract and bitter taste. Micromelum minutum leaves contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, tannins, anthraquinones, phenols, and glycosides. Thin Layer Chromatography profiles show the similarity of chemical compounds in each growth location. Other parameters are extract yield of 8.08-8.32%; moisture content of 6.07-6.27%; total ash content of 4.22-4.27%; and acid insoluble ash content 1.11-1.12%. All standardization parameters meet the requirements in the Media Materia Indonesia and the Republic of Indonesia Drug and Food Control Center.
Formula Optimization of Annona muricata Folium Ethanolic Extract of Anti Acne Gel Formulation using Factorial Design Method
Authors: Putri Aristha Novyra , Laila Noor , Forestryana Dyera
Published: November 2019

Acne is a pile of oil glands in the skin that are actively being clogged by dirt and infection because of Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The treatment for acne can use herbal ingredients, one of which is Soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaves ethanolic extract. Annona muricata folium ethanolic extract is known to have alkaloid, flavonoid and polyphenol compounds which can inhibit the growth of P. acnes, S. epidermidis, and S. aureus. Suitable dosage forms for anti-acne preparations are gels because the gel contains much water so that it provides a cooling effect on the skin due to inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of carbopol 940 and Propylene glycol on the physical characteristics of the gel preparation and determine the optimum formula of the gel preparation using factorial design software 22 so that the gel preparation was made in four formulas. The data obtained were then analyzed using Design-Expert� and ANOVA software with a confidence level of 95%, and the determination of the optimum formula based on the optimum superimposed contour plot area. The results of the study using a factorial design approach are known that Propylene glycol has an effect on increasing the spreadability and pH while carbopol 940 has a more significant impact on the increase in adhesion and viscosity, and the optimum area of ??the composition of carbopol 940 1.536% and propylene glycol 5% was obtained.
Shear rate gradients promote a bi-phasic thrombus formation on weak adhesive proteins, such as fibrinogen in a VWF-dependent manner
Authors: Nicolas Receveur  , Dmitry Nechipurenko  , Yannick Knapp  , Aleksandra Yakusheva  , Eric Maurer  , Cécile V. Denis  , François Lanza  , Mikhail Panteleev  , Christian Gachet  , Pierre H. Mangin
Published: November 2019

Blood flow profoundly varies throughout the vascular tree due to its pulsatile nature and to the complex vessel geometry. While thrombus formation has been extensively studied in vitro under steady flow, and in vivo under normal blood flow conditions, the impact of complex hemodynamics such as flow acceleration found in stenosed arteries has gained increased appreciation. We investigated the effect of flow acceleration, characterized by shear rate gradients, on the function of platelets adhering to fibrinogen, a plasma protein which plays a key role in hemostais and thrombosis. While we confirmed that under steady flow, fibrinogen only supports single platelet adhesion, we observed that under shear rate gradients, this surface becomes highly thrombogenic, supporting efficient platelet aggregation leading to occlusive thrombus formation. This shear rate gradient-driven thrombosis is biphasic with an initial step of slow platelet recruitment supported by direct plasma VWF adsorption to immobilized fibrinogen and followed by a second phase of explosive thrombosis initiated by VWF fiber formation on platelet monolayers. In vivo experiments confirmed that shear rate gradients accelerate thrombosis in a VWF-dependent manner. Together, this study characterizes a process of plasma VWF-dependent accelerated thrombosis on immobilized fibrinogen in the presence of shear rate gradients.
ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICIENCY OF PROACTIVE BEHAVIOR TRAINING AND INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOTHERAPY AMONG PERSONS WITH DIFFERENT DEGREES OF PROFESSIONAL BURNOUT
Authors: Slabinskiy V. Yu. , Voishcheva N. M. , Neznanov N. G. , Nikiforov G. S. , Ulyanov I. G. , Kharkova O. A.
Published: November 2019

The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of proactive behavior training and individual psychotherapy among groups with low/medium and high/extremely high level of professional burnout (PB). Methods. The sample consisted of 146 individuals (100 women and 46 men) who underwent proactive behavior training in Saint Petersburg, Tver, Moscow and Vladivostok. Group I included 73 persons with low or medium PB, 20 of them had an additional course of individual positive dynamic psychotherapy; Group II consisted of 73 individuals with high or extremely high PB, 25 of them had additional course of individual positive dynamic psychotherapy. Methods: Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI); Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI); Proactive Coping Inventory (PCI); and LHC Conflict. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare average values. Asociations between categorical variables was searched using Pearson x2 test. Associations between binary outcome and three independent variables were studied using multivariable logistic regression. Results: The positive impact of proactive behavior training on the individual typological characteristics of the personality was revealed; moreover, in the group of people with a high/extremely high level of PB compared with subjects with a low/medium level, statistically significant improvements were observed in the following parameters as "Strategic planning" (p = 0.019), "Search for emotional support" (p = 0.016), "Emotional exhaustion" (p = 0.081), "Depersonalization" (p = 0.001) and "Reduction of professional achievements" (p = 0.002). Conclusion: The course of individual positive dynamic psychotherapy in addition to proactive behavior training has a positive effect on the "Reflexive Overcoming", "Strategic Planning", "Search for Emotional Support", and negative effect on the "Depersonalization", and "Reduction of Personal Achievements".
ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF HUMAN HAIR IN NORTH-WESTERN SIBERIAN CITIES WITH DIFFERENT DRINKING WATER QUALITY
Authors: Minyailo L. A.
Published: November 2019

The aim of the study was to assess elemental composition of hair of residents of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug) living in cities with different quality of drinking water. Methods. The elemental composition of hair was studied in 84 residents of Surgut and Khanty-Mansiysk cities with high-quality drinking water water, and in 71 residents of Nefteyugansk and Nyagan - cities with low-quality drinking water. The concentration of 25 chemical elements in the hair including iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) was assessed using atomic emission spectroscopy (AES-ICP) and mass spectrometry (MS-ICP) with inductively coupled argon plasma on Optima 2000 DV and ELAN 9000 instruments at the INPO "Center for Biotic Medicine" (Moscow). Data were analyzed using MS Excel and STATISTICA 8.0. Results. Significantly higher concentrations of Fe and Mn (p < 0,001) and lower concentrations of Se (p = 0,012) were revealed in the hair of residents of cities with low-quality drinking water. The concentration indices of Ca, Mg, and Cu in all cities were similar. The prevalence of Zn and Se deficiency in cities with low-quality drinking water was 1.5 and twice as high compared to areas with high quality drinking water. Conclusions. Residents of cities with low quality drinking water have less favourable concentrations of studied elements in hair. This may be associated with lower antioxidant protection which in turn may be associated with greater prevalence of chronic diseases in these cities.
PEMBANGUNAN HELPDESK TICKETING SYSTEM BERBASIS WEB (STUDI KASUS: UNIVERSITAS YARSI)
Authors: Rachmawati Ummi Azizah , Adam Syarifu , Alwi Syarif Husain
Published: November 2019

Web has evolved into a tool that is not only able to provide information but also to process information. Processing information by utilizing web technology turns web becoming dynamic information media. We could do many things by deploying web, such as building the Helpdesk Ticketing System for a company or institution. Every company has vision, mission, and also programs by utilizing the infrastructure that has been provided by the company. By using a Web-based Helpdesk Ticketing System, solving problems in a company will be faster, precise, accurate, and more effective. The development of a Web-based Helpdesk Ticketing System gives a better impact and efficient than manual monitoring. We use the usability method to test the user satisfaction level toward the system that has results 87.5%.  Keywords: Helpdesk, Ticketing System, Information System, Web.
KLASIFIKASI TIPE SEL NORMAL/ABNORMAL BERDASARKAN CITRA PAP-SMEAR MENGGUNAKAN CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Fathurahman Muhamad , Nurmufti Rachmadhani Ajeng , Suherlan Elan
Published: November 2019

The classification of cell types plays an essential role in monitoring the growth of cancer cells. One of the methods to determine the cancer type is to analyze the pap-smear images manually. Nevertheless, the manual analysis of pap-smear images by the expert has several limitations, such as time-consuming and prone to misdiagnosis. For reducing the risks, it requires the automatic classification of cell types based on pap-smear images. This study utilizes the convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures to automatically classify the cell type into two-class categories (normal/abnormal) based on three features. These features, such as the local binary pattern, gray level co-occurrence matrix, and shape features, are extracted from pap-smear images. This study shows the performance of CNN achieved the maximum accuracy of 99.98%, 100.0%, 99.78% in training, validation, and testing data. Our approach also outperforms the performance of the baseline methods.    Keywords : CNN, Classification, Cell, Neural Network, Pap-smear
KAJIAN PENERAPAN SENSOR MIC-CONDENSER DALAM RANCANG BANGUN SOUND LEVEL METER DIGITAL.
Authors: Komarudin Achmad , Singgih Hariyadi , Luqman Moh.
Published: November 2019

Noise levels in the industrial and urban streets have a threshold value that has been determined by the Regulation of the State Minister of the Environment Number 07 Year 2009 for motor vehicles. And Minister of Manpower Number: KEP-51 / MEN / 1999 for industrial environment. To know the value of noise is required a Digital Level Sound Meter gauge that can be used as a measuring instrument of sound intensity noise value of motor vehicle exhaust and other sound sources. This tool can change the amount of sound pressure converted in LCD display. This Digital Sound Level Meter is used to measure the feasibility of thresholds on exhaust and other sound sources. The purpose of this research is to study the application of Mic-condenser sensors in Digital Sound Level Meter design The research method is to design and design the system, using mic condenser sensor, designing signal conditioner using op-amp with series of Absolute Value Modulus (MAV), which can rectify AC voltage into DC using Microkontroller ATMega 8535 as data processing result of data processing which has become the quantity sound pressure with decibels (dBA) is presented in LCD devices The results of the system test show that this Digital Sound Level Meter can run and can display the sound pressure level captured by the mic condenser sensor, and from the result of the Digital Sound Level Meter test compared to the comparison tool obtained an error of 2.94%.
ANALISIS GANGGUAN REVERSE POWER DAN UNDER FREQUENCY PADA GENERATOR 153,75 MVA UNIT GAS TURBINE 3.1 DI PLTGU GRESIK
Authors: Prasetyo Budi Eko , Wibowo Sigi Syah , Juliastuti Mega , Junus Mochammad , Hakim Muhammad Fahmi
Published: November 2019

Generator unit GT 3.1 at PLTGU Gresik which is operating in parallel with Sub Krian Gresik System failed at fuel supply on 06 October 2015 at 10:08 pm so that reverse power protection worked. The disruption resulted in the GT 3.1 unit stopped in operating for 2.21 hours. This research was conducted to find out how the disturbance and setting of reverse power relay in GT 3.1 unit and then the relationship between reverse power with under frequency and counter measures so that the reverse power interference on GT 3.1 unit does not happen again. In manual book settings applied, reverse power relay type 7RM3410 has a limit setting of 16% (16MW). Meanwhile, according to IEEE standard number 242 of 2001 reverse power relay setting of ∠ 50% and on generator unit GT 3.1 is still in the category allowed. When the 76.6% decline occurs due to disruption of the fuel supply, the value of EA = 1735.9 ∠ 31.98 ° V, and IA = 5750.26 ∠ 154.78 ° Ampere, the terminal voltage drops to 1035.88V while the system voltage is 10.5kV resulting in a reverse 17.2 MW. The power exceeds the applied setting, therefore the trip generator because reverse power relay work on setting time 1 second. At the time of interference, the rotation value of 702 rpm with a frequency value of 11.7 Hz. Setting the relay under frequency is 47.5 Hz lag time 10 seconds
ANALISIS KOORDINASI ZONA AREA PROTEKSI PLTU MAMUJU DAN TRAFO GI MAMUJU
Authors: Rasyid Nurhayati , Sultan Ahmad Rizal , Marwan Marwan
Published: November 2019

Koordinasi zona area proteksi PLTU Mamuju dan Trafo GI Mamujuterkoordinasi melalui sistem proteksi, salah satu proteksi utama yaiturelay. Dalam penentuan setting relay, antara satu titik relay yang beradapada PLTU Mamuju dan relay yang berada pada Trafo GI Mamujuharus saling berhubungan sehingga koordinasi antara PLTU Mamujudan Trafo GI Mamuju dapat terkoordinasi dengan baik.Proteksi pada sistem tenaga listrik merupakan bagian yang sangatpenting dalam sistem ketanagalistrikan. Tujuan sistem proteksi adalahuntuk menimalisir gangguan atau melindungi sistem tenaga listrik dariakses gangguan yang terjadi pada sistem, jika sistem proteksi tidak baik,maka mengakibatkan menurunnya keandalan sistem padapendistribusian tenaga listrik. Sehubungan dengan hal ini, sehinggapenelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi sistem proteksi danmenganalisis jenis gangguan yang terjadi khususnya gangguan hubungsingkat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah denganmelakukan analisa secara sederhana, menghitung arus hubung singkatdan mengevaluasi sistem proteksi. Untuk menjustifikasi hasil analisayang diperoleh maka digunakan software Etap Power Station 16.0.0 dansoftware DigSilent Power Factory 15.1.7.
PIKOHIDRO MENGGUNAKAN TURBIN TIPE ROTOR SEKRUP PARSIAL
Authors: Yulianto Yulianto , Priyadi Bambang , Tarmukan Tarmukan
Published: November 2019

Untuk meningkatkan daya guna sumber energi terjun air pada alirandatar yang tersedia cukup banyak, perlu dikembangkan alat konversienergi berupa turbin dan generator. Sepasang perangkat ini berfungsiuntuk mengubah energi potensial air menjadi energi listrik. Untuk itu,perlu adanya perancangan turbin yang efektif dan efisien jika diterapkanpada aliran datar. Perancangan yang telah dibuat berupa turbin sekrupyaitu turbin dengan rotor berbentuk sekrup unik dimasukkan dalamsebuah pipa pesat unik sehingga dapat mengkonversi sebagian besarenergi terjun air menjadi energi mekanik secara efektif.Pada penelitian ini dilakukan rancang bangun dan pengujian turbinsekrup yang digunakan untuk memutar generator arus searah sehinggamenghasilkan listrik. Yang menjadi variabel penelitian adalahkarakteristik turbin meliputi sudut sudu, kecepatan putar, dan torsi.Pengujian dilakukan dengan mengubah sudut sudu 45o, 60o, dan 75ountuk kondisi tanpa beban dan berbeban dengan debit aliran konstan.Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa pada sudut sudu rendah (45o)diperoleh putaran dan torsi lebih rendah, demikian juga pada sudut suduyang terlalu besar (75o). Hasil yang paling baik diperoleh pada sudutsudu 60o. Kelemahan turbin ini yaitu jatuhnya kecepatan putar akibatpembebanan tidak diimbangi dengan naiknya torsi, tapi sebaliknya yaitujustru mengakibatkan jatuhnya torsi. Dari hasil pengujian menunjukkanbahwa pembebanan sebaiknya tidak menyebabkan jatuhnya kecepatanputar sampai dibawah 50 % putaran tanpa beban agar diperoleh dayaoutput optimal
STABILISASI PADA DOUBLE INVERTED PENDULUM MENGGUNAKAN METODE LQR - BAT ALGORTHM
Authors: Komarudin Achmad , Achmadiah Mas Nurul , Kamajaya Leonardo
Published: November 2019

Sistem double inverted pendulum digunakan untuk mengkaji metodekontrol dari sistem nonlinear yang kompleks. Pada sistem tersebutditemukan tiga permasalahan, yaitu swing-up, stabilisasi, dan tracking.Pada penelitian ini digunakan metode LQR-Bat Algorithm untukmengoptimasi kestabilan pada sebuah double inverted pendulum. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan penggunaan Bat Algorithm pada metode LQRdapat menyelesaikan permasalahan stabilisasi. Pada iterasi ke 300-400terjadi pengurangan nilai fitness yang menghasilkan fungsi SSE bernilaisemakin kecil.
PENGARUH MOBILITAS END DEVICE PADA WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK (WSN) UNTUK PEMANTAUAN GAS CO DAN H2S PADA KAWAH IJEN KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI
Authors: Subono Subono , Hidayat Alfin , Afandi Akhmad
Published: November 2019

Gunung Ijen terletak di perbatasan kabupaten Banyuwangi dan Bondowoso. Gunung Ijen merupakan salah satu gunung aktif di Indonesia dengan ketinggian 2443 mdpl. Gunung ijen terkenal dikalangan wisatawan domestik maupun luar negeri karena fenomena alam api biru dan penambang belerang tradisional. Berdasarkan pengamatan terakhir dari Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPDB) kabupaten Banyuwangi pada bulan maret 2018 tercatat 30 orang mengalami keracunan gas CO dan H2S. Berdasarkan Kepala Pos Pengamatan Gunung Api (PPGA) Kawah Ijen, pada bulan maret terjadi aktifitas vulkanik yang memicu keluarnya gas CO dan H2S dalam konsentrasi pekat dan membahayakan pengunjung, penambang maupun penduduk sekitar. Peringatan dini gas beracun (CO, H2S) diperlukan sebagai dasar evakuasi sebelum jatuh korban. Kondisi wilayah kawah ijen dengan tebing curam mencapai kemiringan 45o, berbatu, terjal dan licin, sehingga memerlukan pemantauan gas beracun dengan teknologi jaringan nirkabel. Pemanfaatan WSN dengan topologi Star Single Hop dapat digunakan sebagai Early Warning System (EWS).Beberapa syarat harus dipenuhi agar paket data dan gain signal tetap pada posisi optimal. Jarak antar sensor data dan server maksimal 100 meter. Jumlah paket data yang dikirimkan maksimal 200 tiap mili detik dengan kecepatan 3.14 Kbps.

 

Mount Ijen is located on the border of Banyuwangi and Bondowoso districts. Mount Ijen is one of the active mountains in Indonesia with an altitude of 2443 masl. Gunung Ijen is well-known among domestic and foreign tourists because of the natural phenomenon of blue fire and traditional sulfur miners. Based on the latest observations from the Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Alam (BPDB) of Banyuwangi district in March 2018 there were 30 people experiencing CO and H2S gas poisoning. According to the Kepala Pos Pengamatan Gunng Api (PPGA) of Ijen Crater, volcanic activity occurred in March which triggered the release of CO and H2S gas in concentrated concentrations and endangered visitors, miners and surrounding residents. Early warning of toxic gases (CO, H2S) is needed as a basis for evacuation before falling victim. The condition of the Ijen crater area with steep cliffs reaches a slope of 450, rocky, steep and slippery, which requires monitoring of toxic gases with wireless network technology. The utilization of WSN with StarSingle Hop topology can be used as an Early Warning System (EWS).Some requirements must be fulfilled so that the data package and signal gain remain in the optimal position. The distance between the data sensor and the server is a maximum of 100 meters. The number of data packets sent is a maximum of 200 each milliseconds at a speed of 3.14 Kbps.
RANCANG-BANGUN ALAT FINGERPRINT PRESENSI SECURITY MENGGUNAKAN BASIS KOMUNIKASI BLUETOOTH
Authors: Komarudin Achmad
Published: November 2019

Kajian perancangan dan pembuatan presensi security menggunakan RTC (Real Time Clock) dan Fingerprint yang terkoneksi dengan Bluetooth dilakukan pada penelitian ini sebagai solusi agar security tetap mengontrol keamanan wilayahnya meskipun dalam situasi malam hari. Prinsip kerja alat, ketika buzzer aktif dan security melakukan presensi dengan meletakkan jari pada sensor fingerprint, selanjutnya data diproses oleh arduino UNO dan akan ditampilkan pada serial monitor arduino ide. Jika ID user sesuai dengan database maka pada LCD akan ditampilkan waktu dan keterangan HADIR dan jika ID user tidak sesuai maka akan ditampilkan keterangan ERROR. Hasil pengujian sistem alat security control akan dikaji kinerja kemampuan komunikasi Bluetooth dalam mengirim data ke komputer server secara bersamaan antara security 1 dan security 2 pada setiap 2 menit sekali untuk mematikan buzzer. Selanjutnya data akan dikirimkan menggunakan Bluetooth ke komputer server.
Thermal Performance of Double-Sided Metal Core PCBs
Authors: Pelletier Mathew G. , Preston Stone C. , Cook Jim A. , Tran Kevin D. , Wanjura John D. , Holt Greg A.
Published: November 2019

Thermal management in printed circuit boards is becoming increasingly more important as the use of LEDs is now widespread across all industries. Due to availability of the preferred electronic LED current drivers and system constraints for a machine-vision application, the design dictated the need for a double-sided metal core printed circuit board (MCPCB). However, design information for this relatively new MCPCB offering is sparse to non-existent. To fill-in this missing information in the literature, experiments were conducted where LEDs were arranged on a double-sided metal core printed circuit board (MCPCB), and their impact on the board temperature distribution was tested in a static fan-less configuration where the first condition was at room temperature, 23 °C, and the second configuration was for a heated environment, 40 °C. Two MCPCB orientations were tested (vertical and horizontal). Additionally, several LED arrangements on the MCPCB were configured, and temperatures were measured using a thermocouple as well as with a deep-infrared thermal imaging camera. Maximum temperatures were found to be 65.3 °C for the room temperature tests and 96.4 °C for the heated tests with high temperatures found in near proximity to the heat sources (LEDs), indicating less than ideal heat-conduction/dissipation by the MCPCB. The results indicate that the double-sided MCPCB topology is not efficient for high thermally loaded systems, especially when the target is a fan-less system. The results of testing indicate that for fan-less systems requiring high-performance heat-transfer, these new MCPCB are not a suitable design alternative, and instead, designers should stick with the more traditional single-sided metal-back PCB.
Impact of Cover Crop Usage on Soilborne Diseases in Field Nursery Production
Authors: Dawadi Sujan , Baysal-Gurel Fulya , Addesso Karla , Oliver Jason , Simmons Terri
Published: November 2019

Soilborne pathogens are a significant economic problem for nursery production in the Southeastern United States. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of cover crops on soilborne disease suppressiveness in such systems. Soils from red maple (Acer rubrum L.) plantation fields grown with and without cover crops were sampled, either while the cover crops were growing (pre-disked) or post-season, following cover crop incorporation into the soil (post-disked). Greenhouse bioassays were conducted using red maple seeds on inoculated (with Rhizoctonia solani (J.G. Kühn) or Phytophthora nicotianae (Breda de Haan)) and non-inoculated field soils. The damping-off, root rot disease severity, percent recovery of Rhizoctonia and Phytophthora, and pseudomonad population were examined during the two years of the experiment. Results showed that cover crop incorporation was beneficial for inducing disease supressiveness characteristics of soil. Cover crop incorporation into the soil significantly or numerically reduced disease severity and pathogen recovery in infested soil compared to the bare soil treatment. Cover crop incorporation was found to be partially associated with the reduction of seedling damping-off. The pseudomonad microbial population was greater when cover crop was present, and is thought to be antagonist to soilborne pathogens. Therefore, cover crops can be integrated in field nursery production systems to suppress soilborne pathogens.
Technologies and Fabrication of Intelligent Packaging for Perishable Products
Authors: Wang Lixing , Wu Zhenning , Cao Changyong
Published: November 2019

The preservation of perishable products to maintain their quality is of paramount importance for food safety and security, and is attracting more attention due to increasing concerns regarding food quality, healthcare, and quality of life. Advances in technology and materials in recent years have led to the development and implementation of intelligent packaging for perishable products that can monitor or even control their quality in a supply chain. In this paper, the techniques used in intelligent packaging (i.e., indicators, sensors, and identification technology) and the major printing methods for fabricating electronics (i.e., inkjet printing, screen printing, and gravure printing) are reviewed with a focus on the packaging of perishable products. Although the high manufacturing costs pose a major challenge the commercialization and large-scale deployment of perishable products, it is expected that the technological progresses in printing electronics will significantly reduce the manufacturing cost of intelligent packaging to a threshold of acceptance by markets. In addition, the broad applications of intelligent packaging can facilitate the traction and monitoring of perishable products for better control of the product quality and improved management of the supply chain.
Control Strategy to Regulate Voltage and Share Reactive Power Using Variable Virtual Impedance for a Microgrid
Authors: Molina Eder , Candelo-Becerra John E. , Hoyos Fredy E.
Published: November 2019

This paper presents a control strategy to regulate voltage and share reactive power from distributed generators in a microgrid when electric vehicles (EVs) are connected and disconnected at different nodes and times. The control strategy considers fixed and variable virtual impedances created in the microgrid (MG) when loads change (EVs are connected or disconnected). Fixed virtual impedance is related to the distance from each house to the power inverter and is used as an input of the primary control. Variable virtual impedance is associated with the distance from each EV to the power inverter and is also used as an input of the primary control. Thus, the control of the inverter seeks to regulate the voltage where the EVs create variations in the network. The results show that the control strategy regulates well the voltage of different nodes, and the reactive power is distributed to renewable generators based on the distance from the loads to the inverters. By considering the fixed and variable virtual impedances in the primary control, voltage can be regulated, assuming various consumptions of EVs in the network. This result is promising for reactive power control and sharing for each distributed generator (DG) in a microgrid where a great number of EVs affect the operation.
Condition Assessment of Power Transformers Based on Health Index Value
Authors: Bohatyrewicz Patryk , Płowucha Janusz , Subocz Jan
Published: November 2019

In electric power systems, health index algorithms are mostly used for evaluation of the transformer population. In this method, some assessment criteria are insensitive when it comes to judging the technical state of the edges of the age spectrum. This paper presents a new health index calculation method that aims to improve the overall effectiveness of the assessment. The proposed algorithm is based on regularly conducted oil diagnostics and easily available maintenance data to enable estimation and updating of the device’s health status in short intervals from an operational point of view. This method is compared to another health index algorithm built from the same parameters, but with different weights and an alternative result assessment philosophy. The two health index calculation methods are tested on a population of 96 power transformers and then compared to results obtained with an expert system, which is based on much more advanced diagnostic tests to determine the technical condition of the unit. The results of the experiment show that proper selection of weighting factors of the transformer’s technical condition parameters during health index calculation may help in simplifying its assessment while maintaining satisfactory accuracy in comparison to a highly advanced expert method.
An ECCD—Electronic Charge Compensation Device—As a Quantum Dissipative System
Authors: Bernabeu Eusebio , Maldonado Javier , Sáenz-Nuño María
Published: November 2019

An electronic charge compensation device (ECCD) is a passive device that carries electrical currents away, on time, to the electrical Earth field. It prevents lightning’s impacts, derivative electric current pulses, and reduces the radiofrequency disturbances in the protected area. The objective of this paper is to give a physical explanation of the operation of an ECCD’s performance and advantages. The operation of an ECCD is the result of two actions: the static electric field and the evanescent and resonant electrical radiofrequency field in the nearby external adjoining to dielectric-metal zone of ECCD. The energy absorption only is logically justified considering a super-absorption process as an end of chain of resonant quantum event. In this study, a multi-resonant process was inferred from an exhaustive radiofrequency simulation analysis made on an ECCD. The primary experiment was a long-time-frame statistical analysis of seven different, real stations. Those empirical results were derived from real METEORAGE environmental services data. Finally, a prospective for new applications is given.
The Reference Phase Correction for the Fluctuated Scanning Lines and the Slope of the Stage in Tissue Characterization by Scanning Acoustic Microscope
Authors: Truong Nguyen , Kim Hyehyun , Lee Donghae , Kang Yeon-Hee , Na Sungsoo , Oh Junghwan
Published: November 2019

In this study, a new approach was investigated to extract reference phases from the scanning acoustic microscope to calculate the speed of sound when dealing with the slope of the stage and fluctuation of the scanning lines. To capture the slope and the fluctuation pattern, data of the first lines along the horizontal and vertical axes on the stage were used. A corrective function was then utilized to improve the accuracy of reference phase extraction. The method was then corroborated by demonstrating tumor discrimination in mice skin by means of scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM). B16-F10 melanoma cells were used to grow the tumor. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was applied for histology characterization of the sample. A comparison of both acoustics and histology was conducted. Phase analysis was performed to examine the effects of both slope and fluctuation. The results showed that our approach significantly improved the tumor detection and accuracy of scanning acoustic microscopy.
Orthogonal Operators: Applications, Origin and Outlook
Authors: Uylings Peter , Raassen Ton
Published: November 2019

Orthogonal operators can successfully be used to calculate eigenvalues and eigenvector compositions in complex spectra. Orthogonality ensures least correlation between the operators and thereby more stability in the fit, even for small interactions. The resulting eigenvectors are used to transform the pure transition matrix into realistic intermediate coupling transition probabilities. Calculated transition probabilities for close lying levels illustrate the power of the complete orthogonal operator approach.
Retinol Saturase Knock-Out Mice are Characterized by Impaired Clearance of Apoptotic Cells and Develop Mild Autoimmunity
Authors: Sarang Zsolt , Sághy Tibor , Budai Zsófia , Ujlaky-Nagy László , Bedekovics Judit , Beke Lívia , Méhes Gábor , Nagy Gábor , Rühl Ralph , Moise Alexander R. , Palczewski Krzysztof , Szondy Zsuzsa
Published: November 2019

Apoptosis and the proper clearance of apoptotic cells play a central role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Previous work in our laboratory has shown that when a high number of cells enters apoptosis in a tissue, the macrophages that engulf them produce retinoids to enhance their own phagocytic capacity by upregulating several phagocytic genes. Our data indicated that these retinoids might be dihydroretinoids, which are products of the retinol saturase (RetSat) pathway. In the present study, the efferocytosis of RetSat-null mice was investigated. We show that among the retinoid-sensitive phagocytic genes, only transglutaminase 2 responded in macrophages and in differentiating monocytes to dihydroretinol. Administration of dihydroretinol did not affect the expression of the tested genes differently between differentiating wild type and RetSat-null monocytes, despite the fact that the expression of RetSat was induced. However, in the absence of RetSat, the expression of numerous differentiation-related genes was altered. Among these, impaired production of MFG-E8, a protein that bridges apoptotic cells to the αvβ3/β5 integrin receptors of macrophages, resulted in impaired efferocytosis, very likely causing the development of mild autoimmunity in aged female mice. Our data indicate that RetSat affects monocyte/macrophage differentiation independently of its capability to produce dihydroretinol at this stage.
Nitrogen and Cobalt Co-Coped Carbon Materials Derived from Biomass Chitin as High-Performance Electrocatalyst for Aluminum-Air Batteries
Authors: Wang Mi , Ma Jian , Yang Haoqi , Lu Guolong , Yang Shuchen , Chang Zhiyong
Published: November 2019

Development of convenient, economic electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline medium is of great significance to practical applications of aluminum-air batteries. Herein, a biomass chitin-derived carbon material with high ORR activities has been prepared and applied as electrocatalysts in Al-air batteries. The obtained cobalt, nitrogen co-doped carbon material (CoNC) exhibits the positive onset potential 0.86 V vs. RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode) and high-limiting current density 5.94 mA cm−2. Additionally, the durability of the CoNC material in alkaline electrolyte shows better stability when compared to the commercial Pt/C catalyst. Furthermore, the Al-air battery using CoNC as an air cathode catalyst provides the power density of 32.24 mW cm−2 and remains the constant discharge voltage of 1.17 V at 20 mA cm−2. This work not only provides a facile method to synthesize low-cost and efficient ORR electrocatalysts for Al-air batteries, but also paves a new way to explore and utilize high-valued biomass materials.
Low-Temperature Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3 over Natural Iron Ore Catalyst
Authors: Husnain Naveed , Wang Enlu , Fareed Shagufta
Published: November 2019

The selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 at low temperatures has been investigated with natural iron ore catalysts. Four iron ore raw materials from different locations were taken and processed to be used as catalysts. The methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the materials. The results showed that the sample A (comprised mainly of α-Fe2O3 and γ-Fe2O3), calcined at 250 °C, achieved excellent selective catalytic reduction (SCR) activity (above 80% at 170–350 °C) and N2 selectivity (above 90% up to 250 °C) at low temperatures. Suitable calcination temperature, large surface area, high concentration of surface-adsorbed oxygen, good reducibility, lots of acid sites and adsorption of the reactants were responsible for the excellent SCR performance of the iron ore. However, the addition of H2O and SO2 in the feed gas showed some adverse effects on the SCR activity. The FT-IR analysis indicated the formation of sulfate salts on the surface of the catalyst during the SCR reaction in the presence of SO2, which could cause pore plugging and result in the suppression of the catalytic activity.
Land Use Changes in a Peri-Urban Area and Consequences on the Urban Heat Island
Authors: Nardino Marianna , Laruccia Nicola
Published: November 2019

The effect of urbanization on microclimatic conditions is known as “urban heat islands”. In comparison with surrounding rural areas, urban climate is characterized by higher mean temperature, especially during heat waves and during nights. This results in a higher energy requirement for air conditioning in buildings and in a greater bioclimatic discomfort for urban populations. The reasons of this phenomena are ascribable principally to the increase of solar radiation storage and to the decrease of dissipation of water by evapotranspiration in urban environment respect to rural ones. The aim of this paper is to give a quantification of the air temperature increase due to an urbanization process. This quantification is conducted by comparing surface energy balance (incoming and outcoming radiation and turbulent fluxes) in urbanized area versus rural areas. This quantitative approach will be validated using a fluidodynamic model (Envi-Met) in a case study area representative of one among the various regional models of urban area growth. In particular, the model of expansion of small towns around big cities (2003–2008 land use changes) of a plain near-urban area in the Po Valley region (Italy) was used.
A Quantum Model for the Dynamics of Cold Dark Matter
Authors: Zimmermann Tim , Pietroni Massimo , Madroñero Javier , Amendola Luca , Wimberger Sandro
Published: November 2019

A model for cold dark matter is given by the solution of a coupled Schrödinger–Poisson equation system. We present a numerical scheme for integrating these equations, discussing the problems arising from their nonlinear and nonlocal character. After introducing and testing our numerical approach, we illustrate key features of the system by numerical examples in 1 + 1 dimensions. In particular, we study the properties of asymptotic states to which the numerical solutions converge for artificial initial conditions.
The Formation and Application of Submicron Spherical BaTiO3 Particles for the Diffusion Layer of Medical Dry Films
Authors: Zhang Baodan , Jin Haibo , Liu Xu , Guo Xiaoyan , He Guangxiang , Yang Suohe
Published: November 2019

Submicron spherical barium titanate (BaTiO3) was prepared by batch precipitation in an alkaline solution of a BaCl2–TiCl4–NaOH reaction system. The influence of various parameters on the morphology of BaTiO3 powders was investigated in this study. Spherical BaTiO3 particles can be obtained by reacting for 20 min, which was used to prepare the dry sheet of a medical dry chemical reagent. The morphology of the particles was affected by the stirring speed and the alkaline concentration; the particle size decreased as the stirring speed increased. The hydroxyl ion in the solution acts as a catalyst that can promote the formation of spherical BaTiO3. The formation mechanism of the BaTiO3 sphere is proposed to have three steps: the formation of a Ba–Ti gel and nucleation, self-combination/growth of the BaTiO3 crystal nucleus, and Ostwald ripening. In addition, it is feasible to apply the prepared BaTiO3 sphere to medical dry chemical detection reagents.