bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wave Regime and Lithodynamics in the Region of the Western Crimea Accumulative Coasts
Authors: Goryachkin Yu. N. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Sevastopol, Russia, Fomin V. V. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia
Published: November 2020

Purpose. The paper is aimed at obtaining the wave regime characteristics in the region of the Western Crimea accumulative coast, at constructing the scheme of the sediment along-coastal fluxes for various wind directions, at analyzing the previous notions on the lithodynamical processes in the region under study and their comparison with the obtained results. Methods and Results. The wave regime was analyzed using the results of the retrospective calculations of wind waves in the Black Sea derived due to the model SWAN and based on the ERA-Interim atmospheric reanalysis data for 1979–2018. The data of retrospective calculations performed by the method of annual maximums yielded the parameters of the waves of various repeatability. The sediment along-coastal flux was simulated and the schemes for six wind directions were constructed by the method including model values of the wave characteristics. Conclusions. Operative and extreme characteristics of the wind waves in the region under study are obtained. It is shown that in the above-mentioned area, the most intense sediment along-coastal fluxes occur being affected by the waves formed by the western, southwestern and southern winds. The northwestern and western winds give rise to the sediment main flux directed to the east. At the western wind, to the southeast from the Donuzlav sandbar and in the coast concavities, the sediments are transported in the opposite direction. When the winds are southwestern and southern, the sediment along-coastal flux move from the Cape Uret to Lake Donuzlav northern spit, where it meets the oppositely directed flux. To the southeast from Lake Donuzlav, the multidirectional fluxes arise; at that, in the coast concavities their convergence zones are formed. At the southeastern and eastern winds, the sediment along-coastal fluxes’ capacity decreases sharply; the fluxes are of multidirectional character and they form not a single flux on any of the long stretches of the coastline.
Application of the Arduino Platform for Recording Wind Waves
Authors: Smolov V. E. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Sevastopol, Russia, Rozvadovskiy A. F. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia
Published: November 2020

Purpose. The paper describes development of a device (placed on the Arduino platform) for recording wind waves. It is intended for the wave gauge of Marine Hydrophysical Institute, RAS, which is installed and applied at the oceanographic platform in Katsiveli. The device is designed to record and store the wave gauge data in an off-line mode. At that, it is protected from power surges and environmental effects (dust, moisture, temperature drops). Methods and Results. Two versions of the Arduino-placed recording device are represented: for the single- and six-string wave gauges. Their hardware and software are described; block diagram of the applied software algorithms and electrical connection schemes are given. Particular attention is paid to stable functioning of the devices, namely continuity of the data reading, recording and storing, as well as synchronization of the obtained measurement results with the time of record. The example of the sea level elevations recorded in course of a year is cited. Conclusions. Development, construction and testing of the Arduino-placed device for recording wind waves are described in the paper. Since 2015, the off-line operation of the device has shown high efficiency, reliability and stability; at that, the risks of losing the measurement results are minimal.
Modelling-Based Estimations of the Ecological Risk for Shelf Ecosystems
Authors: Solovjova N. V. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: November 2020

This paper aims at performing model evaluations of ecological risk for the North Caspian ecosystem in case of various combinations of stressors. Knowing the status of estuary and shelf ecosystems as well as prediction of changes under intense anthropogenic influence and climate fluctuations are getting more and more important due to the issue of marine system management and risks related to development of their resources. It is rather difficult to provide ecological safety and simultaneously minimize costs. This can be explained not only by controversies between ecological and economical tasks but also by a common practice to apply separate methods in each of these fields without taking into account the complex nature of a real object under study. In a technocratic practice, making business decisions is aimed mostly at achievement of economic indicators without proper consideration of the ecological factor. The paper offers a method for ecological risk evaluation based on combined use of dynamic (ecosystemic) models, probability ecoscrining methods and observational data. Risk evaluation results using this synthesis allow for aligning ecological and economical purposes of safe shelf development.
Influence of Coccolithophore Blooms on the Bio-Optical Characteristics of the Black Sea Waters according to Observations in 2012 and 2017
Authors: Korchemkina E. N. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Sevastopol, Russia, Mankovskaya E. V. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia, Lee R.I. ,   A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia
Published: November 2020

This paper presents and discusses the results of optical and biological measurements performed during the coccolithophore blooms. This study uses data of measurements from a stationary oceanographic platform (near the Southern coast of Crimea, 44°23' N, 33°59' E) in July 2012 (7–16 July) and in May 2017 (24–31 May), and data obtained during the R/V “Professor Vodyanitsky” expedition to the northern part of the Black Sea in June 2017 (14–30 June). Observation periods coincided with intensive blooms of coccolithophore. The measurements of the Secchi disk depth, light beam attenuation coefficient and reflectance coefficient, as well as biological determinations of the coccolithophore cells number in water samples, are considered and analyzed. In addition to field data, satellite information on the sea reflectance and backscattering are used. The beam attenuation coefficient, reflectance coefficient, backscattering coefficient and coccolithophore concentrations were increased as compared with no bloom period. The Secchi disk depth was abnormally low. The number of coccolithophore cells, according to biological data, varied from 150 thousand cells/L to 1.7 million cells/L and averaged 0.6 ± 0.4 million cells/L. According to these data, the estimated concentration of shed coccoliths was (1.46 ± 0.42) 1011 m-3 . The average coccolith concentrations calculated from satellite data were (1.29 ± 0.23) 1011 m-3 in July 2012, (1.32 ± 0.12) 1011 m-3 in May 2017, and (2.37 ± 0.69) 1011 m-3 in June 2017. During blooms, high variability was observed not only in optical properties, but also in biological properties, and the relationship between their spatial distribution was weak. From the optical point of view, the indicator of bloom is the number of coccoliths, not cells, which can lead to an incorrect description of the biological situation.
Variability of Characteristics of the Coastal Current at the Southern Coast of Crimea in 2017–2019
Authors: Kuznetsov A. S. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Sevastopol, Russia, Zima V. V. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia, Shcherbachenko S. V. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia
Published: November 2020

This paper aims at specifying peculiarities of the coastal water circulation according to the current monitoring data obtained at the stationary oceanographic platform of the Black Sea hydrophysical sub-satellite testing area of the MHI RAS near the Southern coast of Crimea in 2017–2019. The monitoring was performed using the technology of continuous measurements with a vertically distributed (from the surface to bottom layer) complex of Euler vector-averaging meters of the horizontal current component. The new results are matched to those of the coastal current monitoring obtained for the previous period from 2008 to 2016. For the entire observation period (2008–2019), the annual focused current of coastal waters kept the west-south-western direction, with its vertical structure remaining stable. In 2017–2019, a verifiable decrease was registered in the annual longshore current velocity, on average by 10 % throughout the depth up to 7.8 cm/s at a depth of 5 m and up to 6.4 cm/s at a depth of 20 m. Also, the relevant characteristics of bimodal distribution of direction repeatability within original (nonaveraged) data remained unchanged. Further, for 12 years, the oscillation intensity of the coastal current with periods of 10–13 days or less remained reliably unchanged. While analyzing the vertical structure of averaged for 2017–2019 kinetic energy spectra in the inertial-gravitational fluctuation range, two separate regions are reliably detected of regular oscillations with daily (24 h) and local inertia (about 17 h) periods. The obtained new research results can be used while performing validation calculations of local models of the coastal water circulation in the water area of the Southern coast of Crimea. This includes also planning measures to provide crisis monitoring of the coastal ecotone of the sea due to pollution of the coastal and shelf waters
Comparison of Assimilative Capacity and Trophic Index for Various Parts of the Sevastopol Bay Water Area
Authors: Sovga E. E. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Sevastopol, Russia, Mezentseva I. V. ,   Sevastopol Branch of the N. N. Zubov State Oceanographic Institute, Sevastopol, Russia, Slepchuk K. A. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia
Published: November 2020

The ecological state of the marine shallow water ecosystem (the case of the Sevastopol Bay) is analyzed by the ratio of assimilative capacity and E-TRIX index depending on the anthropogenic load level for the whole bay ecosystem. As part of analysis, the eastern, central, western parts of the bay were distinguished as well as the Yuzhnaya Bay (southern part). Calculations of the assimilative capacity and E-TRIX index for ecosystems of different parts of the Sevastopol Bay were performed using the in situ data of inorganic nitrogen for the period 1998–2012 obtained from the MHI RAS oceanographic data bank. The paper compares values of ecosystem assimilative capacity calculated for inorganic nitrogen as a prevailing pollutant in municipal and storm wastewaters and E-TRIX trophic index of the sea ecosystem, with the technogenic load and biological process seasonality (warm and cold periods) of nutrient income taken into account. This allowed to properly distinguish water areas, which are most vulnerable in terms of formation of negative ecological events, up to disasters. According to the obtained data, such an area is that of the Yuzhnaya Bay. The second vulnerable water area is the eastern apex part of the Sevastopol bay exposed to the Chernaya River discharge. As the results showed, the situation worsens during winter and spring freshets due to increase in content of inorganic nitrogen forms in the Chernaya River runoff. The ecosystem of the western bay part adjoining the open sea is the safest in terms of nitrate nitrogen assimilative capacity, whereas the central part ecosystem appears to be the cleanest in terms of E-TRIX. The ecosystem most exposed to ecological risks in terms of both indices (assimilative capacity and E-TRIX) is that of the Yuzhnaya Bay (the southern part of the Sevastopol Bay). The observed imbalance of distribution of the calculated trophic index E-TRIX and assimilative capacity in different parts of the Sevastopol Bay is due to various nature of these quantities. The assimilative capacity of an ecosystem is defined by physical, chemical and biological processes given a dynamic removal of pollutants from the ecosystem, whereas E-TRIX is determined, in general, by seasonal variability of nutrient income into the ecosystem.
Trace Elements in the Chernaya River Water and Evaluation of their Income with the Riverine Inflow into the Sevastopol Bay in Winter 2020
Authors:   A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Sevastopol, Russian Federation, Malakhova L. V. , Proskurnin V. Yu. ,   A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Sevastopol, Russian Federation, Egorov V. N. ,   A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Sevastopol, Russian Federation, Chuzhikova-Proskurnina O. D. ,   A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Sevastopol, Russian Federation, Bobko N. I. ,   A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Sevastopol, Russian Federation
Published: November 2020

The aim of this work is to determine the ten trace elements content (V, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Cd, Pb) in the Chernaya River water and evaluation of their income with the riverine inflow into Sevastopol Bay. The water was sampled in the winter season 2020 in the Baydar Valley and at the river mouth. It is shown that the main share of trace elements in the Chernaya River water is transferred in the composition of suspended particles. Concentrations in suspended matter for all trace elements were higher than their dissolved concentrations from 4 times for Mo to 1.5·104 for Pb. Dissolved concentrations of all the studied trace elements (except for Zn) appeared to be lower than the world averages in riverine waters. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in suspended matter exceeded both Clarkes in soils of Crimea and average values appeared in rivers of the world. The lack of correlation between the trace elements concentration in suspended matter and Clarkes in soils as well as the unevenness of their content along the river indicate the additional sources of trace elements entering the river water along with the washout from the catchment area. The estimations of dissolved and particulate trace elements entry with the riverine discharge into the Sevastopol Bay were carried out based on concentration and flow rates in January and February 2020. Excluding Zn and Mo, the trace elements inflow with the suspended matter exceeded their flux in dissolved phase from 1.3 to 14 times.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Olahan Aneka Kue Berbasis Tepung Pisang Di Kelurahan Lambara Kota Palu
Authors: Rahman Nurdin , Bohari Bohari , Ariani Ariani
Published: November 2020

Sampai saat ini umumnya pemanfaatan pisang hanya dikonsumsi dalam bentuk segar ataupun direbus hal ini dikarenakan kurangnya pengetahuan dan ketrampilan tentang pengolahan makanan kecil berbahan dasar pisang khusus kaum perempuan dan kader kesehatan di Kelurahan Lambara, Kota Palu. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dari kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan peserta dalam pembuatan aneka kue berbasis tepung pisang, memberikan ketrampilan cara pembuatan aneka kue berbasis pisang, memberikan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan cara menghitung nilai gizi, biaya produksi dan harga jualnya untuk dipasarkan. Manfaat dari yang dicapai dalam kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah peserta dapat mengetahui cara membuat aneka kue berbasis pisang untuk menjadi makanan yang lebih menarik dan bervariatif, peserta memiliki keterampilan pembuatan aneka kue berbasis pisang untuk menjadi kue yang lebih menarik dan bervariatif, dapat meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat yang berdampak pada peningkatan kesejahteraan keluarga di Kelurahan Lambara Kota Palu. Metode yang akan digunakan dalam kegiatan pelatihan ini adalah: 1) Metode ceramah : digunakan untuk  menjelaskan materi tentang macam-macam pegolahan kue berbasis pisang. 2) Metode Praktek : digunakan untuk mempraktekkan macam-macam kue berbasis pisang. 3) Metode Diskusi : Dilakukan setelaj kegiatan selesai kegiatan pelatihan untuk mengetahui respon peserta. Peserta dalam kegiatan pelatihan ini adalah kader kesehatan di Kelurahan Lambara Kota Palu. Jenis kue yang akan dipraktekkan adalah Kue bolu tepung pisang, Cookies tepung pisang, Bubur balita, Pan cake. Hasil kegiatan yaitu para peserta berhasil membuat brownis dan cookies tepung pisang, serta mendapatkan informasi nilai gizi dan nilia ekonomi dari kue yang dibuat
Pemanfaatan Nira Aren Sebagai Bahan Baku Etanol Dalam Pembuatan Hand Sanitizer
Authors: Adrianton Adrianton , Hasanuddin M. Rusydi , Jamaluddin Jamaluddin
Published: November 2020

Kebutuhan akan etanol (alkohol) dalam pembuatan cairan pencuci tangan (Hand Sanitizer) terus meningkat seirig wabah Virus Corona (Covid-19) yang belum juga mereda. Permintaan sangat tinggi sedangkan stok terbatas yang membuat masyarakat kesulitan untuk menemukan walaupun dipasaran ada tapi harganya cukup mahal, sehingga diperlukan bahan baku etanol alternatif yang dapat digunakan dan tersedia disekitar kita. Salah satu produk diversifikasi yang dapat dikembangkan adalah pohon aren yang menghasilkan etanol (alkohol) dari proses fermentasi (alami maupun buatan dengan tambahan ragi) dan destilasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian adalah ceramah/penyuluhan (koordinasi, sosialisasi dan penyadaran), praktik/pelatihan yang dilanjutkan dengan penerapan teknologi dan pendampingan tentang teknologi pengolahan nira aren secara terkendali menjadi Alkohol teknis dengan konsentrasi tinggi dan pembuatan Hand Sanitizer. Hasil Penyuluhan; yang telah dilaksanakan, di dapatkan data tentang 22 anggota mitra petani aren didominasi  laki-laki 90,91%, dengan tingkat pendidikan tertinggi SMP 36,36%, umur petani produktif antara 40 – 60 tahun sebesar 54,55%, lahan yang digunaan sebagai usaha adalah lahan milik sendiri dan kondisi tanaman dipelihara dengan baik 45,45%, produk yang dihasilkan 54,55% adalah gula merah dan 22,73% adalah produk Cap tikus/nira aren. Pada Praktik/Pelatihan; dilakukan pembuatan etanol/alkohol dari nira aren secara konvensional dengan kadar alkohol ≤25% (minuman cap tikus) sebanyak 20 Liter, kemudian dilakukan redestilasi untuk mendapatkan etanol teknis dengan kadar etanol di atas 80% sebanyak 9 Liter, lalu dibuat Hand Sanitizer bentuk Spray dan Gel sebanyak 100 botol. Proses Pendampingan; memberikan pengetahuan tentang teknik pemamfaatan nira aren untuk menghasilkan alkohol yang berkadar tinggi dengan teknik metode destilasi yang benar serta tingkat kebersihan produk untuk menjaga kualitasnya
Differences between Learning Outcomes Using Guided Inquiry and Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) Types of Learning Models on Redox Reaction Concept Material in Grade X at SMA Negeri 2 Sigi
Authors: Charin Mildha Y. , Ratman Ratman , Tiwow Vanny M. A.
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to determine the differences between students’ learning outcomes using guided inquiry-type learning model and team assisted individualization (TAI)-type learning model on redox reaction concept in grade X at SMA Negeri 2 Sigi. This study was a quasi-experiment method. The sample was class X MIA5 as an experiment class I (n = 24 students), and class X MIA1 (n = 24 students) as an experiment class II. The data analysis showed that the average score of experiment class I was 73.79, and the experimental class II was 71.45. The results of the hypothesis test with t-test two-party statistics obtained tcount = 0.86. The value was in the reception area of H0 that was between -1.68 and 1.68. The result from the statistical test showed that there was no difference between the students' learning outcomes using guided inquiry-type and team assisted individualization type learning models on redox reaction concept material in grade X at SMA Negeri 2 Sigi
Analysis of Vitamin C in Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior)
Authors: Djaledje Lis K. , Napitupulu Mery , Nuryanti Siti
Published: November 2020

Flower kecombrang contains nutrient that are beneficial to the community's nutritional improvement one of vitamin C is needed by the body and as a source of antioxidants. This study aims to determine the levels of vitamin C in flower buds and blooms. Analysis of vitamin C levels in the sample was performed by titration of the iodimetric method. The results of analysis, obtained levels of vitamin C in buds kecombrang flowers were 26.40 mg/100 g and the bloom was 44.26 mg/100 g. The data above showed that vitamin C levels in flower kecombrang increased based on the level of maturity.
Effect of Copper(II) and Cadmium(II) Ions Against the Percent Mercury Ion Extraction Using Emulsion Liquid Membrane Technique
Authors: Musa Suhartini , Hamzah Baharuddin , Walanda Daud K.
Published: November 2020

The effect of copper(II) and cadmium(II) ions on the percent of mercury ion extraction using an emulsion liquid membrane technique have been performed. This study used HNO3 as an internal phase, mixed span 80 and span 20 as a surfactant, benzoyl acetone as cation carrier, kerosene as membrane phase, and mercury solution as a sample solution. Variations of concentrations of copper(II) and cadmium(II) ions added were 10, 20, and 30 ppm with mercury concentrations of 30 ppm. The result of the research showed that the addition of copper(II) ion with concentrations of 10 to 30 ppm decreased the percentage of mercury ion extraction 30 ppm by 12.12% and the addition of cadmium(II) ion with the concentration of 10 to 30 ppm decreased the percentage of mercury ion extraction 30 ppm by 11.74%.
Effect of Giving Extract of Lannea Coromandelica (Lannea coromandelica (Houttuyn) Merrill) Leaf to Decrease the Blood Sugar Level of Mice (Mus musculus)
Authors: Husaini Moh. , Supriadi Supriadi , Jura Minarni R.
Published: November 2020

The Indian ash tree leaf (Lannea coromandelica (Houttuyn) Merrill) contains natural ingredients that can reduce blood glucose levels. This study aimed to determine the concentration of the Indian ash tree leaf extract which is the most effective to reduce blood sugar levels of mice. The leaf sample of the Indian ash tree plant was obtained from Talise sub-district, Mantikulore district, Palu, Central Sulawesi. The preparation of the extract was conducted by the maceration method. The animal testing used were 20 male mice that were induced by EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid). Mice were divided into 5 groups as random with different treatments. Treatments I, II, and III were given an extract of 10, 20, and 40%, respectively, treatment IV was given Na-CMC as a negative control (-), and treatment V was given glibenclamide suspension as a positive control (+). The data obtained were analyzed by statistical analysis of variance analysis (ANOVA) and were continued by the Duncan test. The results showed that the Indian ash tree leaf extract can reduce the blood sugar levels of mice. The mean decreased blood glucose level at treatment I was 40.00 mg/dL, treatment II was 47.75 mg/dL, treatment III was 54.75 mg/dL, treatment IV was 1.75 mg/dL, and treatment V was 49.00 mg/dL. The conclusion of this research was that the Indian ash tree leaf extract could reduce the blood sugar level of mice with an effective concentration of 20% with α = 0.05.
Emulsion Stability Tes and Effect of HNO3 Concentration in the Internal Phase on Cadmium Ion Extraction using Liquid Membrane Emulsion Technique
Authors: Sahida Sahida , Hamzah Baharuddin , Nuryanti Siti
Published: November 2020

Study on the emulsion stability and cadmium ion extraction tests was performed using the liquid membrane emulsion technique. This study aimed to determine the emulsion stability between the membrane phase and the internal phase with the variation of the ratio (2:1, 1:1, 2:3, and 1:2), and to determine the maximum conditions of cadmium ion extraction in a solution including the various concentration of HNO3 solution 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 M. This study is a laboratory experimental method using benzoyl acetone compound as cation carrier, kerosene as membrane phase, HNO3 solution as the internal phase, span-20 and span-80 as surfactants, and cadmium solution as the sample solution. Cadmium ion concentration in the external phase was determined by UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The result showed that the emulsion stability test which produced the most stable emulsion was in the ratio of the membrane phase and the internal phase 1:1. In addition, the concentration of the HN03 solution resulted in a maximum extraction percentage of 1.5 M with an extraction percentage was 95.28%.
Utilization of Extract of Sambang Getih Leaves (Hemigraphis colorata. Hall. F) as a Acid-Base Indicator
Authors: Ekasari Eksari , Ningsih Purnama
Published: November 2020

Getih sambang leaves (Hemigraphis Colorata. Hall. F) are plants that have a distinctive and unique color, namely the upper surface of the leaf is green and the bottom of the leaf is burgundy where sambang leaves contain anthocyanin compounds. Anthocyanin is the color pigment in plants that forms the basis of the use of natural indicators. This study aims to prove whether getih cucumber leaves can be used as an acid-base indicator, to determine the type of acid-base titration that is suitable for indicators of getih cucumber leaves, and to find out what the pH-changing color route of getih cucumber leaves is. The method used is extraction, namely maceration. Wee leaves are macerated by using methanol as a solvent for 24 hours. The extract was previously tested using HCl solution and NaOH solution as a test to prove the presence of anthocyanin. The results obtained in this study, getih sambang leaf extract can be used as an indicator of acid base, and also the type of acid-base titration that is suitable for use in the indicator of getih leaf extract extract precisely on the titration of strong-base strong acid, and strong weak base-acid It is best used as a substitute for the phenolphthalein indicator. In titration of strong and weak acids and bases, it is good to be used as a substitute for the indicator of methyl orange. The pH range obtained from the getih sambang leaf extract is pH 4-7 (red-purple).
Analysis of Student Conception of Atomic Structure at the State SMA in Palu
Authors: Gavrila Gavrila , Suherman Suherman
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to analyze student’s knowledge (percent) for who know concept (KC), misconception (MC), and do not know concept (DKC) on the subject of atomic structure at the state SMA in Palu. The sample of this study were students of SMAN Model Terpadu Madani, SMAN 3, and SMAN 9. Data were obtained through tracer tests of students’ conception in the form of multiple-choice consisted of 20 items accompanied by CRI (Certainty of Response Index) which was given to students to determine students' conceptions. Results of the study showed that the percentage of KC, MC, and DKC at SMAN Madani Model Palu were 65.6, 11.3, and 23.2% respectively, while at SMAN 3 Palu were 46.0, 15.1, and 38.9% respectively, and at SMAN 9 Palu were 5.9, 72.6, and 21.5% respectively.
Analysis of Calcium (Ca) and Potassium (K) Levels in Mackerel (Rastrelliger sp.) Bones
Authors: Murtini Ni Luh A. , Hamzah Baharuddin
Published: November 2020

Mackerel (Rastrelliger sp.) is one of the potential pelagic fish in Indonesia and in almost all Indonesian waters. In general, fish bones contain many essential ingredients for the body and can be processed into fish bone flour. This study aimed to determine calcium (Ca) and potassium (K) levels in mackerel (Rastrelliger sp.) bones. Calcium and potassium levels were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Results of the analysis showed that the water, ash, and biomass levels of the sample were 10.53, 18.26, and 71.21%, respectively. Analysis of calcium and potassium levels at wavelengths 422.7 nm and 766.5 nm obtained an average of 508.15 and 36.37 mg/100g. The results indicate that the calcium level is higher than the potassium level in mackerel (Rastrelliger sp.) bones.
Effectiveness of Problem Solving Learning Model towards Student Learning Outcomes on Acid-Base Solution in SMA Negeri 1 Buko on Academic Year 2018-2019
Authors: Siako Yulianti , Mustapa Kasmudin
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of problem-solving learning models on students’ learning outcomes in the acid-base solutions topic in SMA Negeri 1 Buko on Academic Year 2018-2019. This type of research was a true experiment with a non-randomized posttest two group design. The population of this research was all students of class XI MIA, the sampling techniques was saturated sampling methods. The sample used was students of class XI MIA 1 and XI MIA 2 as experimental class 1 and experimental class 2. The testing of students’ learning outcomes data was using one-party statistical analysis t-test to test the completeness of individual learning outcomes and classical completeness test to test the overall percentage of mastery learning. The results of data analysis obtained, the mean experimental class 1 (X1) was 75.5 with a standard deviation of 10.71 and the average experimental class 2 (X2) was 76.43 with a standard deviation of 12.77. The results of hypothesis testing with one-party t-test statistics in the experimental class 1 and 2 was obtained tcount > ttable (2.321 > 1.740; 2.306 > 2.101) with a significance level of α = 0.05 and degrees of freedom 18 and 19, then H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. Then, the result of the classical completeness test obtained in the experimental class 1 were 80% and experimental class 2 were 80.95%. Based on the results of data analysis it can be concluded that the problem-solving learning model is effective against students’ learning outcomes in the acid-base solutions topic in SMA Negeri 1 Buko on Academic Year 2018-2019.
The Implementation of Mind Mapping on Chemical Bond Learning Assisted by Information Technology towards the Students’ Learning Outcomes in Class X MIA 1 at SMA Negeri 1 Sindue
Authors: Awanda Awanda , Tahril Tahril , Jura Minarni R.
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to determine the influence of the implementation of mind mapping on learning of chemical bonding assisted with information technology toward learning outcomes of students in the Class X1 Science at SMA 1 Sindue. This study was a quasi-experiment with non-randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Sampling was based on special consideration (purposive sampling) with a sample of students of class X1 Science as the experimental class and class X2 Science as the control class. The instrument of this study was a test of learning outcomes. Data of the results was tested using statistical analysis of one-party t-test with prerequisite tests of normality and homogeneity tests. The data analysis obtained an average score of learning outcomes in the experimental class was 77.12 and in the control class was 67.6. Based on the hypothesis test with the t-test statistic of two parties obtained tcount of 10.89 and ttable of 1.95 at α 0.05. In this case, H1 was accepted and H0 was rejected because tcount was in the area of ​​ H0 rejection. This showed that there were differences in students’ learning outcomes through the implementation of mind mapping and conventional in learning of students in 10th grade at SMA 1 Sindue.
Esterification of Waste Cooking Oil using Heterogeneous Catalyst from Pearl Shell
Authors: Sumarlan Iwan , Mentari Rona B.
Published: November 2020

Biodiesel is a renewable and environmentally friendly energy source. The process of using a homogeneous catalyst has several disadvantages, such as: removing a lot of waste water from washing the catalyst residue and cannot be reused. This catalyst is also low in corrosion and is more environmentally friendly. The purpose of this study was to study the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts from pearl shells applied to the cooking oil esterification reaction. The oil was then characterized by the XRD, XRF, SEM, and FTIR. The results of GCMS for reaction without catalysts yield only 27.07% by weight of alkyl ester, whereas using a catalyst is 93.4%. The influence of time, in the 60th minute, was the optimal time for the esterification reaction, and the effect of the weight of the catalyst which was 1% the optimal weight. This shows that pearl oyster shell catalyst can act as an esterification catalyst for used cooking oil and can be used as an alternative to a homogeneous catalyst substitute catalyst.
Perfil ocupacional de los egresados del programa académico de administración de empresas de la universidad nacional abierta y a distancia -UNAD
Authors: Molina Peralta Iraide , Perdomo Paredes Sandra , Díaz Pabón Arturo Enrique
Published: November 2020

La Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia -UNAD como organización pública, educativa, del orden nacional, por mandato legal debe mantener un canal de comunicación permanente con los graduados a fin de conocer el impacto social y laboral que estos generan en la región. En tal sentido, la investigación tiene por objetivo analizar el perfil ocupacional de los egresados de administración de empresas de la Universidad en el CEAD Florencia, desde el año 2016 hasta 2018. Por la naturaleza de la investigación, ésta se abordó desde un enfoque mixto - descriptivo, combinando unos estudios de tipo cuantitativo y cualitativo, aplicando una encuesta sobre una muestra aleatoria previamente definida. Los resultados obtenidos, permiten detallar que el perfil ocupacional del egresado es acorde con el contexto laboral y profesional del mismo, y que, en la actualidad, se están desempeñando en áreas relacionadas con el objeto del programa. Al evaluar la misión, visión, y competencias profesionales, el plan de estudios con las funciones que ejecutan, se evidencia un nivel de aceptación y satisfacción adecuado, y la relación del programa con el contexto regional, es muy pertinente.
FROM FORMALIZATION OF SHARIA TO ISLAMIC CONSERVATISM: THE POST REFORM OF ISLAMIC MOVEMENT PHENOMENA IN WEST SUMATERA
Authors: Zulfadli Zulfadli , Anggraini Dewi , Fajri Mhd
Published: November 2020

This study tries to explain the phenomenon of strengthening of the Islamic conservatism movement, in post Reform of the West Sumatera political context. Soon after the enforcement of the Regional Autonomy Law, various Islamic movements in West Sumatra have massively emerged with various models and issues of the movement. Based on a qualitative approach, wherein the data is collected through in-depth interviews, observations and documentation related to various activities of the Islamic movement in West Sumatra, the results f this show that there has been shifting pattern of its movements; from initially oriented towards the efforts to formalize Islamic sharia, towards Islamic conservatism. The movements, where it’s based on religion or custom, which previously were more oriented towards the enforcement of Islamic Sharia legal-formally, later tends to become more socio-cultural movement oriented towards strengthening political identity.
Prototyping Artificial Intelligent Classifiers using Deep Learning
Authors: Chege Herman Njoroge
Published: November 2020

Point 1: Deep learning algorithms are revolutionizing how
hypothesis generation, pattern recognition, and prediction occurs in the
sciences. In the life sciences, particularly biology and its subfields, 
the use of deep learning is slowly but steadily increasing. However,
prototyping or development of tools for practical applications remains
in the domain of experienced coders. Furthermore, many tools can be
quite costly and difficult to put together without expertise in
Artificial intelligence (AI) computing.

Point 2: We built a biological species classifier that
leverages existing open-source tools and libraries. We designed the
corresponding tutorial for users with basic skills in python and a
small, but well-curated image dataset. We included annotated code in
form of a Jupyter Notebook that can be adapted to any image dataset,
ranging from satellite images, animals to bacteria. The prototype
developer is publicly available and can be adapted for citizen science
as well as other applications not envisioned in this paper.

Point 3: We illustrate our approach with a case study of 219
images of 3 three seastar species. We show that with minimal parameter
tuning of the AI pipeline we can create a classifier with superior
accuracy. We include additional approaches to understand the
misclassified images and to curate the dataset to increase accuracy.

Point 4: The power of AI approaches is becoming increasingly
accessible. We can now readily build and prototype species classifiers
that can have a great impact on research that requires species
identification and other types of image analysis. Such tools have
implications for citizen science, biodiversity monitoring, and a wide
range of ecological applications.
Choice of Steerable Sheath Impacts Contact Force Stability During Pulmonary Vein Isolation
Authors: Hiner Evan , Shah Dipak
Published: November 2020

Purpose: A stable contact force (CF) is correlated with more effective
radiofrequency ablation (RFA) lesions and long-term procedural outcomes.
Efforts to improve catheter stability include jet ventilation, pacing,
steerable sheaths, and CF sensing ablation catheters. This study
compares CF stability and effective RF lesions between two commercially
available steerable sheaths. Methods: Thirty patients underwent first
time RFA at a single center using the Agilis NxT or SureFlex Steerable
Sheath. High power short duration RFA was utilized targeting a 10Ω drop.
Sheath performance was assessed for the entire procedure and around each
pulmonary vein (PV) in terms of mean CF, CF variability, RF time per
lesion, and inefficient contact lesions (defined as lesions with CF
< 5g for at least 10% of the RF delivery time). Results:
Operator-targeted mean CF was achieved using both sheaths; however,
overall CF variability was 12.8% lower using the SureFlex sheath (p =
0.08). CF variability was generally 16% greater in the right PVs than
the left PVs (p = 0.001), but trended lower with the SureFlex sheath.
There were 8% more inefficient contact lesions using Agilis as compared
to SureFlex (p = 0.035), especially in the right inferior PV (p =
0.009). RF time per lesion was on average 12% (1.4s) shorter using
SureFlex than Agilis (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Choice of
steerable sheath may affect catheter stability and potential lesion
quality, especially in the right PVs.
Late Diagnosis of Congenital Methemoglobinemia in a 33-year-old Patient, Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Aldeeb Maya , yassin mohamed
Published: November 2020

This is a case of recurrent episodes of headache and cyanosis who has
never been diagnosed despite frequent visits to the hospital. After
excluding cardiopulmonary causes, methemoglobin levels were found to be
high, without exposure to any offending agent. Also, we did a literature
review about congenital methemoglobinemia.
Efficacy of AST-120 in Preventing the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Chuabio Vernon , Castillo Ron , Sahagun Jereel , Tan Rey Jaime
Published: November 2020

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major cause of disease burden
globally. With end-stage renal disease (ESRD), renal replacement therapy
via dialysis or kidney transplant can be economically costly. This
meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of AST-120, an oral adsorbent
marketed to be able to delay progression of CKD. Outcomes assessed
included mortality, ESRD incidence, and doubling of serum creatinine.
Databases including Cochrane, PubMed, and Clinicaltrials.gov were
searched, and literature-mining from prior publications was also done,
yielding a total of 50 non-duplicate citations. Further screening for
appropriateness yielded 5 studies included in this meta-analysis.
Regarding the effect of AST-120 on all-cause mortality among CKD
patients, the pooled data showed a total of 110 events out of 1503
subjects in the interventional group and 116 events out of 1494 subjects
in the control group, giving a risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence
interval (CI) of 0.94 [0.74, 1.21]. On the outcome of ESRD
incidence, a total of 353 events out of 1524 subjects in the
interventional group and 374 events out of 1517 subjects in the control
group yielded a RR with 95% CI of 0.94 [0.83, 1.07]. Regarding
doubling of serum creatinine, 155 events in both the interventional and
control groups, which had 1503 and 1494 subjects, respectively, gave a
RR with 95% CI of 0.99 [0.80, 1.22]. In conclusion, AST-120 has no
significant clinical benefit over standard treatment in delaying CKD
progression. Further studies examining different dosages of AST-120 and
its effect on different CKD stages are recommended.
Monitoring ecosystem restoration of multiple surface coal mine sites in China via Landsat images on Google Earth Engine
Authors: Wangh Huihui , Xie Miaomiao , Li Hanting , Feng Qianqian , Zhang Cui
Published: November 2020

The restoration of surface mining is a key to meet the global ecosystem
restoration target. With increased data accessibility and computing tool
capabilities, it becomes possible to expand mine restoration monitoring
from single mine sites to multiple mine sites on a large scale. This
study constructed a new index, Mine Landscape Restoration Index (MLRI),
by coupling Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Enhanced Vegetation Index
(EVI) to simultaneously monitor the restoration of regional multiple
mine sites. We analyze historical and future trends of restoration using
Mann-Kendall test, Sen’ slope, and Hurst exponent for MLRI time series.
The restoration effects of 46 surface coal mine sites located in the
northwestern ecologically fragile region of China from 2000 to 2019 were
assessed, based on 3675 Landsat images on Google Earth Engine. The
results showed that MLRI was effective in identifying restoration areas
and processes in surface mine sites, which was validated by
high-resolution images and field investigation of mine samples. The
restoration area overall percentage was significantly higher in mines
started mining before 2000 than after 2000. According to the restoration
effects, we clustered the 46 sites into high, medium, and low
restoration area percentage clusters with 13, 11, and 22 mine sites,
respectively. Individual clusters have aggregation characteristics
within each mine region, but are distributed irregularly across the
different six mine regions. This study provides a new approach to
monitoring the restoration of surface coal mine sites and inform
government managers in developing mine restoration programs and
sustainable mining development plans.
Influence of different tree species on autotrophic and heterotrophic soil respiration in a mined area under reclamation
Authors: Valente Fernanda , Castro Marllon , Gomes Lucas , Neves Julio Cesar , Silva IVO , Oliveira Teógenes de
Published: November 2020

Planting trees is one of the most effective activities in recovering
soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks of degraded areas, but we still lack
information on how different tree species can influence soil
respiration, one of the main sources of dioxide carbon (CO2) to the
atmosphere. This study aimed to explore the influence of different
forest species on the autotrophic and heterotrophic components of the
total soil respiration in a bauxite mining area under reclamation. We
analysed the soil CO2 efflux under five treatments: i) monoculture of
clonal Eucalyptus; ii) monoculture of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.); iii)
a mixed plantation of 16 native forest species (Nat); iv) a mined area
without vegetation cover; and v) a natural forest cover. This design
allowed exploring the soil CO2 dynamics in a gradient of recovery, from
a degraded area to natural vegetation. Additionally, we measured soil
temperature, moisture and soil characteristics. Soil CO2 efflux
increased with increasing forest species cover in the rainy months.
There was no significant change in CO2 efflux among the tree species.
Heterotrophic soil respiration contributed to 64% of total soil CO2
efflux and was associated with litter decomposition. Amongst the abiotic
variables, increases in soil moisture had the most influence on CO2
efflux. Therefore, these results help to understand the factors that
underpin the loss of SOC and can orient management practices to improve
soil organic matter and restore soil quality in degraded areas.
Interdisciplinary Differences in Patient Safety Culture within a Teaching Hospital in a South East Asia
Authors: Krishnasamy Karthikayini , Tan Maw Pin , Zakaria Mohd Idzwan
Published: November 2020

Background: Patient safety represents a global issue which leads to
potentially avoidable morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to
determine the inter-professional differences in patient safety culture
in a tertiary university hospital. Method: A cross-sectional study using
the Safety Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ) self-administered electronically
in the English and Malay languages to evaluate safety culture domains. A
positive percentage agreement score of 60% was considered satisfactory.
Comparisons were made between clinicians, nurses, allied health
professionals, ward attendants and support staff. Results: Of 6562
potential respondents, 5724 (80.4%) completed the questionnaire; 3930
(74.5%) women, 2263 (42.9%) nurses, and 1812 (34.2%) had 6-10 years
of working experience. The mean overall positive percentage agreement
scores were 66.2 (range=31.1 to 84.7%), with job satisfaction
(72.3±21.9%) and stress recognition (58.3±25.6%) representing the
highest and lowest mean domain scores respectively. Discussion:
Differences were observed between all five job categories. Linear
regression analyses revealed that the other four job categories scored
lower in teamwork, safety culture, job satisfaction, and working
conditions compared to nurses. Conclusions: The overall mean SAQ score
was above the satisfactory level, with unsatisfactory percentage
agreement scores in the stress recognition domain. Interventions to
improve patient safety culture should be developed, focusing on stress
management.
Audit Opinion Prediction: A Comparison of Data Mining Techniques
Authors: Saeedi Ali
Published: November 2020

This study compares the ability of four data-mining techniques in the prediction of audit opinions on companies' financial statements. The research data consists of 37,325 firm-year observations for companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the American Stock Exchange (AMEX), and the NASDAQ from 2001 to 2017. The dataset consists of U.S. companies' various financial and non-financial variables. This study uses Decision Trees (DT), Support Vector Machines (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN), and Rough Sets (RS) to develop the prediction models. While all models developed by these four techniques predict the audit opinions with relatively high accuracy, the SVM models developed by the RBF kernel demonstrate the highest performance in terms of overall prediction accuracy rates and Type I and Type II errors. The results indicate that all models developed using different algorithms demonstrate their highest performance in predicting going-concern modifications, ranging from 84.2 to 100 percent.

JEL Classifications: M42.