bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Surya-Namaskar on the Fitness Components and its Trends
Authors: Kaur Rupinder
Published: December 2021

Yoga plays a vital role as the ancient Indian healing art while dealing with the physical, mental, emotional, moral, and spiritual well-being. Yoga education is a process that helps in the all-around development of a human being. Suryanamaskaris a major part of yogic training that concentrates on physical health, mental health as well as spiritual health also. It is a sequential combination of 12 Yogic postures made up of a variety of spinal column forward and backward bending performed dynamically in synchrony with the breath.The objective of the study was to determine the effect of Suryanamaskaryogic training on the Components of Physical fitness i.e Strength, Speed, Endurance, Flexibility, and Coordination. The subjects for this study were selected from Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to be University), Chandigarh. A total of fifteen students were randomly selected for the study. Suryanamaskarwas considered the independent variable and components of physical fitness were considered the dependent variable. Strength was measured by the handgrip dynamometer test in Kg. Speed was measured by the flying 30 meters test in time seconds. Endurance was measured by the sit-up test in 30 seconds. Flexibility was measured by the sit and reach test in cm. Coordination was measured by an alternate hand wall toss test. Repeated measure design was used for this study. The test was started four weeks prior to the treatment and thereafter every two weeks. Observations were taken up to the end of six weeks of training. To determine the effect of Suryanamaskaron fitness components, level of significance was set at 0.05 levels. In relation to fitness components, a significant (p< 0.05) effect of Suryanamaskarwas found at the end of six weeks of training.
A Clinical Study of Arka Kshara Patanain the Management of Jirna-Gudprikartika(Chronic Fissure In Ano)
Authors: Potalia Pankaj
Published: December 2021

Fissure means a tear or crack. In other words, fissure-in-anois simply just a tear in the anal canal. Mainly occurs because of constipation or loose motion (frequently passing stool) or as a complication of Virechan & Basti karma. One and most important sign of fissure-in-ano is pain and bleeding during and after defecation. Severity and complication increase along with time, recurrence, and routine habits. Daily lifestyles include dietary habits, working field, personal hygiene, sleep & bowel habits, stress, etc. which directly affects the digestion of an individual. And we all know that our digestion is the direct key to our health. Early-stage or acute fissure can be cured by local application of medicines or by subsiding digestive issues (constipation or loose motions). But chronic fissure or fissure due to spasticity of sphincters is still a point of worry and research. In our study, we included 60 patients having signs and symptoms of Parikartika from OPD, and Arka kshar was used for local application. The patient was clinically assessed based on pain, per rectal bleeding, itching etc. Significant results were observed in spasticity and symptoms of patients.
A Controlled and Comparative Study onVatari Guggulu and Shiva Guggulu in the Treatment ofGridhrasi.
Authors: C.S Veena , Bhat Roopa
Published: December 2021

A single blind controlled comparative clinical study with pre test and post test design to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Shiva Gugguluand Vatari Gugguluin the management of Gridhrasi.The study carried out at Dhanvantari Ayurveda medical college Hospital; Siddapur, Uttara Karnataka. 40 patients suffering from Gridhrasi / SCIATICA of either sex were selected for the study were treated under two groups; A and B. Group A with oral administration of Shiva Guggulu, in a dose of 500 mg after food twice a day with sukhoshna jalaas anupana and the same is continued for 30 days. Group B with oral administration of Vatari Guggulu, in a dose of 500 mg after food twice a day with sukhoshna jalaas anupana for 30 days. The response following the intervention was assessed on 1st,15th, 21st, and 30thdays to find out the progress of theCondition in both the groups.Final conclusion of this controlled comparative clinical study says Group A is more effective than Group B (Shiva gugguluis more effective than Vatari guggulu) in the management of Gridhrasi.
Effect of Yoganidra on Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms inWorking Women
Authors: Kaur Rupinder , Sharma Sunil
Published: December 2021

In today’s scenario, Workingwomen being housewife have to face many problems that are associated with several psychological symptoms. Anxiety and depressive symptoms might be a severe enough to cause significant other issues. Yoganidrais an effective technique and successful therapy to calm down and achieve a total transformation and overcome any kind of psychological disturbances.The purpose of the present study is to find out the effect of Yoganidraon the Level of Anxiety and depression in working women. A total of 120 working women were recruited from Patiala within the age range of 18-45 years. The result of the study revealed that in the Yoga Practitioners group of working women, a significant inverse level of Anxiety as compared to non-Yoga Practitioners groups of working women as well the depressive symptoms also depicts a significant inverse difference was found in Yoga practitioners group of working women as compared to the non-yoga practitioners group of working women.
A Controlled Comparative Clinical Study on Navaka Kashayaand Khadira Aristadi Kashayain the Management of Vicharchika
Authors: B.C Lavanya , Bhat Roopa
Published: December 2021

A comparative clinical study to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Khadira aristadi Kashayaand Navaka Kashayain the management of Vicharchika. A single blind Controlled comparative clinical study with pre test and post test design. Conducted in DhanvantariAyurveda medical college Hospital; Siddapur, Karnataka.40 patients suffering from Vicharchika/ Dermatitis of either sex were selected for the study.Selected patients were treated under two groups; A and B. Group A with oral administration of Khadira aristadi Kashaya, in a dose of 30 ml before food twice a day with sukhoshna jalaas anupanaand the same is continued for 30 days. Group B with oral administration of Navaka Kashaya, in a dose of 30 ml before food twice a day with sukhoshna jalaas anupanafor 30 days .The response following the intervention was assessed on 1st,15th, 21st, and 30thdays to find out the progress of theCondition in both the groups.Further the change observed by the completion of the treatment was subjected to paired and unpaired t test to know the statistical significance. By using paired t test both the group parameters were statistically highly significant (P<0.001).Mean wise group A shows more improvement than group B.By Using unpaired t test: group A is showing more relief (%) in Pidaka, Kandu, Shyavataand Sravaalso statistically proved. In Kandurelief was statistically highly significant (P<0.001) and Pidakaand Sravastatically significant (P<0.005) in these parameters. Final conclusion of this comparative clinicalstudy is Group A is more effective than Group B (Khadira aristadi Kashayais more effective than Navaka Kashaya) in the management of Vicharchika.
Apamargkshar Taila Uttarbastiin the Management of Secondary Infertility Due to Tubal Blockage -A Case Study
Authors: Ekta  , Dixit Mahesh , Meena Narendra Kumar
Published: December 2021

Secondary Infertility occurs when a couple is fails to conceive for several years after the first delivery. Ayurveda plays important role to treat infertility for years without the help of modern medical system, as it provides ability to infertile women or couples through treatment to become fertile and also to enhance theoverall health. Tubal blockage is most common causative factor for infertility which constitutes nearly one third of total infertility cases. In presence of tubal blockagethere are only two options in modern medical system,re-construction of the tube, IVF.These procedures are invasive, time consuming and much costly. This article presents tubal blockage was treated with certain Ayurvedic drugs and procedures in present case. In Ayurveda probably Vataand Kapha doshas are responsible for tubal blockage, hence Shodhan Chikitsawas administered.Uttarbastiperformed with Apamargkshar tailaused as treatment part for tubal blockage in female infertility.
Clinical indications of Drakshasava an Experiential and Scientific view
Authors: G Shripathi Acharya , Acharya Rajeshwari S
Published: December 2021

Asavarishtapreparations are popularly used by Ayurveda physicians in the management of various disorders in modern India . Asavarishtas like Balarishta, Ashokarishta, Ashwagandharishta, Abhayarishta, Chandanasava, Chavikasava, Dashamoolarishta , Chitrakasava, Dantyarishta, Eladyarishta , Jeerakarishta , Kutajarishta , Kanakasava , Kankushthasava, Lohasava, Mustakarishta, Punarnavasava, Pushkaramoolasava , Sarivadyasava , Saraswatarishta , Usheerasava , Vidangarishta andVasakarishtaare few asavarishta formulations which are commonly used by physicians . Asavarishtas are sandhaniya preparations which are prepared by fermentation process . Since they contain 9.5 % self generated alcohol, can be preserved for prolonged period also. Drakshasava is one such preparation which is given in agnimandya , karshya, anaemia , constipation , debility, and general weakness. It is shakti vardhaka , malavatanulomana , digestive , virechana , antianaemic, rasayana , and immunomodulator, balya, brimhana , jivaniya and ojaskaraalso .The present paper highlights about the clinical indications of Drakshasava in and scientific and experiential view .
Kumud–A review: Explore the hidden value of Herb
Authors: Kumar Atul , Priyanka
Published: December 2021

Kumud,a herb listed in Nighantu under many names, is one of the herbs beneficial to the Rakta and Pitta Doshas. It is a well-known ayurvedicherb with numerous therapeutic benefits. It is also known as the blue lotus, red and blue aquatic plant, star lotus, or manel flower. Indian Blue Lotus is another name for it. It's native to Asia's southern and eastern regions, and it's also Bangladesh and Sri Lanka's national flower. Utpalais its Sanskrit name. It is a well-known herb that is mentioned in Indian classical texts and used in the Siddha therapeutic system. It's often utilized in pittaproblems because of its bitter taste. It helps to reduce fever and functions as a cooling agent for the body. Along with its traditional applications, many studies have shown it to have hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antidiabetic, DNA-protecting, antibacterial, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The current review focuses on traditional herb's modern pharmacological activities.
Lepas Mentioned Under Ritucharya–A Short Review
Authors: K Anumol. , Mohan K. Midhuna , Dhoke Sujata.P. , Nishanth K. , Prasad A.J.V.Sai , Krishna C.Murali
Published: December 2021

Ayurveda is the science that provides knowledge about life and longevity. It is one of the traditional medical systems which are very close to nature. Ayurvedahas two objectives:-alleviation of disorders in the diseased and maintenance of health. Prevention of diseases is one of the main principles of Ayurveda. Various healthy regimens, which people had practised once, are not in current practice and they are deflecting from nature leading to many lifestyle disorders. Skin, being largest organ, is exposed to various environmental factors like heat, sunlight, humidity etc plays a pivot role in protection and maintenance of health. According to Ayurveda, skin is Sparshanendriya Adhisthana (responsible for tactile sensation) and has the dominancy of Vata dosha.The prevalence of skin disease in general population in India varies from 10 to 12%.Skin disease the fourth leading cause of non-fatal disease burden worldwide. Ritucharya describes the guidelines about the dietary and behavioural regimen which should be adopted in different seasons. Lepas are those formulations meant for topical application. Based on their site of application, mode of application etc Lepas areclassified in many ways. This review elaborately describes Lepas mentioned in Ayurvedic classical texts with special reference to seasons.
Ayurveda and Modern Perspective on Rajonivrittiw.s.r. to Menopause: Review Based on Literary Study
Authors: Kumari Monika , Dixit Mahesh , Meena Narendra Kumar
Published: December 2021

Menopause, a phenomenon unique to women, is the ending of a woman’s monthly menstrual period and ovulation. It, alongside, several other changes in the bodyand mind, brought in due to a decline in the amount of the hormones estrogen and progesterone being produced by the body. Menopause is, occasionally, viewed as an end to youth and sexuality, making it a socially unacceptable occurrence. Menopause, though,one of the important physical and mental milestones in a woman’s life, many women lack information about what is taking place and what are their options. There comes the role of Ayurveda , in Ayurveda literature there is no detailed description of Rajonivrittior menopause except the age of Rajonivrittiis given as 50 years. Ayurveda involves a holistic physiological system based on balance, with its cardinal doctrine of human physiology being constituted by “vata”, “pitta” and “kapha”. In modern medicine the only treatment for these symptoms is Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), which is not a long-term therapy to be given as it has side effects on the overall health of the women. In Ayurveda Dhatu kshaya can be treated with Rasayanatherapy and other symptoms of hypo-estrogenic conditions can be treated with Phytoestrogens. So, Ayurveda gives a non-hormonal and cost-effective treatment for Rajonivrittior Menopause.
Bala andOjasPromotingFactorsQuoted in Caraka Samhita
Authors: Gangwar Akanksha
Published: December 2021

With increasing globalization and industrialization, the life of human beings hasbecome much more sedentary, technology dependent and full of rush and hustle because of which humans are gradually becoming unhealthier and more diseased than ever before. Today, everyone is in hurry so they want everything to be quick and speedy. They don’t have time to spend upon thinking about eating healthy and lead a healthy lifestyle; which eventually made them fell ill and get various kinds of diseases. Vyadhikshamatwais a simple term which means body’s own capacity to resist various kind of diseases. It is related to balaas well as ojasas mentioned in ayurveda. Balais characteristic feature of healthy physical and mental state of body. As the aim of ayurveda is to make an unhealthy person disease free and to maintain the health of a healthy person. So, by choosing a healthy diet and lifestyle one can not only become disease free but can also lead a long and healthy life as well. Various bala, ojasand vyadhikshamatwapromoting factors are mentioned in Ayurvedic texts which acts directly or indirectly upon human body. This article is the compilation of bala, ojasand vyadhikshamatwapromoting factors
Pharmacological Action of Kankasavain Bronchial Asthma Based on Practical Experience: A Review
Authors: Sahu Preeti , Sharma Karan Prakash , Rajpurohit Ranweer , Meena HML , Mutha Rashmi
Published: December 2021

Ayurveda is among the most important systems of Indian medicine, and as we all know, it is a science of life. After much research, observations, experiments, thoughts, trials, and judgements, the ancient sages developed several types of Ayurvedic remedies.Ayurveda provides us with this health expertise. As opposed to many ailments that may be related to contemporary man's lifestyle, asthma is an old sickness. Bronchial Asthma is caused by a combination of factors. The illness is linked to geographical location, environmental, racial, and behavioral and lifestyle variables. Tamaka Shwasais a condition described in Ayurvedic literature that, based on clinical signs, is quite similar to bronchial asthma. According to conventional medical science, there is no treatment for asthma. Ayurvedic medicines have the potential to be a viable and successful therapy option for bronchial asthma. Ayurvedic medications are utilized for illness treatment all around the globe, thus people all around the globe may have trust in them based on scientific proof. The current study was a review to determine the effectiveness of Kanakasavaon Tamaka Shwasa(bronchial asthma). Kanakasavais a composition that has been used for thousands of years by Ayurvedic physicians to alleviate the symptoms of Tamaka Shwasa.
A clinical-statistical study on COVID-19 infection and death status at the Alshifaa Healthcare Center/ Baghdad
Authors: Raheem Rasha , Kadhom Mohammed , Albayati Noor , Alhashimie Enas , Alrubayee Wathik , Salman Israa , Hairunisa Nany , Yousif Emad
Published: December 2021

Background: COVID-19 is an ongoing disease that caused, and still causes, many challenges for humanity. In fact, COVID-19 death cases reached more than 4.5 million by the end of August 2021, although an improvement in the medical treatments and pharmaceutical protocols was obtained, and many vaccines were released.
Objective: To, statistically, analyze the data of COVID-19 patients at Alshifaa Healthcare Center (Baghdad, Iraq).
Methods: In this work, a statistical analysis was conducted on data included the total number, positive cases, and negative cases of people tested for COVID-19 at the Alshifaa Healthcare Center/Baghdad for the period 1 September – 31 December 2020. The number of people who got the test was 1080, where 424 were infected and the rest of them were not.
Results: The study showed that males’ infection and death cases were higher than females by more than double, despite the population ratios of the two genders being almost equal. Furthermore, as the age of patients is older, the chance of death is higher. Death cases were lower in December than the previous three months, which could be attributed to lower infection cases compared with the previous months.
Conclusions: We can conclude that the peak of infected ages was the same as the other countries. Hence, the number of checked children was low, while we have the peak around the 40s and 50s. Females’ death cases were much less than males, which could be attributed to the genetic influence and the higher responsibility that females showed than males to prevent the disease’s spreading.
Ecology of Political Communication of Acehnese People towards 2024 Local Election
Authors: Zulham  , Ristati
Published: December 2021

The local election is a political and democratic tool owned by the community after Indonesia's reformation. Aceh and its regencies and cities will carry out the local election in 2022. The central government's policy to postpone the implementation of the local election in 2024 has created a polemic in the community. Based on this phenomenon, this study aims to determine the problems that arise in political communication among the community against the central government's unilateral policy in delaying the implementation of the local election. The approach used was qualitative by using observation and interview techniques. The results of this study are: The Acehnese are disappointed with the central government's intervention in the form of a policy of postponing the local election, based on the justification that Aceh has the local regulation, that is called 2006 Aceh Government Law, where Aceh has independence in managing its household. Furthermore, the communication built by the Central Government is coercive communication, ignoring comprehensive communication from the community. With the ecological influence of the local election postponement policy and communication built by the central government, the people ignore the government's advice to keep the environment more conservative and ignore the fight against Covid-19.
Gender-Based Violence In Bangladesh: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Shahen Md. Abu
Published: December 2021

This study tried to explore the current nature of gender-based violence and harassment in Bangladesh. Specifically, gender-related harassment and discrimination with violence against women and children have been explored throughout the study. However, the study is based on secondary data collected from gender-focused scholars and organizations. The data of ASK and BSAF have been used for critical analysis regarding violence, harassment, and discrimination against women and children in Bangladesh. As findings, the study found that the prevalence of domestic violence and oppression against wife and housemate including cleaner, housekeeping, and cooker have existed in the forms of torture, negligence, rape, forced rape, physical assault, and sexual assault. The study also found that women and girls are being harassed in transportation as they feel unsecured in movement through abusive and negative attitudes and behavior such as touching, closely standing, intentionally pushing, and gripping in shoulders, bad beckon and comment, and touching in the sensitive part of the body. It is also seen that the business environment is not favorable for women Entrepreneurs due to constraints social and cultural attitudes, lack of political commitment, and insufficient governmental provisions for establishing a women-friendly business environment.
The Causes of Domestic Violence from the Perspective of Counselors in the Covid-19 Pandemic Phenomenon
Authors: Gianesan Krishnavani , Chethiyar Saralah Devi Mariamdaran
Published: December 2021

The Covid-19 is one of the most sensation topics that becoming hotter among Malaysians as well as around the world. The Covid-19 Pandemic has harmed the entire society of our country as well as the foreigners around the world. Meanwhile, the issue of domestic violence is one of the most common problems during this pandemic. This study will directly emphasize the issue of domestic violence from the perspective of counselors during this Covid-19 Pandemic phenomenon. The researcher has used quantitative methods to obtain permanent data on the issue of domestic violence that occurred during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The researcher conducted an interview method with 4 registered counselors who serve in the National Population and Family Development Board and the Social Welfare Department. According to the counselor's perspective, the findings of the study show that there are several causes of the issue of domestic violence during the COVID-19 Pandemic. There are also several challenges faced by the counselors in conducting counseling sessions during the Covid-19 pandemic. Besides that, there are several proposals have been considered to enhance the study of the issue of domestic violence from the perspective of counselors in this pandemic phenomenon.
The Effect of the Intervention of William Glasser's Reality Module ('D'RWG) on Drug Abuse Among Young Residents of the Cure and Care Rehabilitation Clinic (CCRC)
Authors: Khalidass Thivya , Chethiyar Saralah Devi Mariamdaran , Muniandy Venothiney Dewi
Published: December 2021

This study was conducted to see the effect of the Intervention of William Glasser's Doing Reality Module ('D'RWG) on drug abuse among young residents of the Cure and Care Rehabilitation Clinic (CCRC). The objective of this study is to analyze the factor of drug abuse, to examine the steps to be taken to overcome the factor of drug abuse, and to know the effect of the 'Doing Reality William Glasser' ('D'RWG) module on drug abuse among the residents of the Care and Cure Rehabilitation Clinic (CCRC). The study was conducted at a Cure and Care Rehabilitation Clinic located in Kedah. This study involved eight respondents. This study is in the form of qualitative which was conducted through face-to-face interviews. The data were analyzed using three themes: (1) affection towards the family (2) family ecology, community and cultural factors, and (3) prevention and education programs. The findings showed that all respondents were able to give their ideas and share experiences while engaging in drug abuse. Respondents were also able to provide some suggestions to combat drug abuse symptoms, especially in adolescents.
Socio-Economic Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic and Its Implication on Education
Authors: Llamera Benryl Bacaro
Published: December 2021

This study contributes to the Covid-19 literature by understanding the recent pandemic implications on seaweed farmers' lives. The study's respondents are tripartite, composing seaweed farmers, students, and significant personnel from the Local Government Units (LGUs). Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with strict adherence to the IATF’s minimum health standards. Gathered data were analyzed thematically. Results show that the pandemic impacted seaweed farmers’ lives socially and economically. The pandemic has implications for the education of the children of the seaweed farmers as it is gleaned in the findings that most of them struggle over the new modes of learning. However, the implications were mainly domino effects of the adverse impacts of the pandemic on the parents. The study’s findings are substantial in mitigating the ongoing pandemic’s adverse effects and laid a foundation for the proposed intervention framework model. Conclusions were discussed and gave light to recommendations primarily offered to the Local Government Units (LGUs), educational institutions under the Department of Education Agutaya District, and concerned higher education institutions in the Province of Palawan as a basis for policy and program formulations aimed at mitigating the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the lives of seaweed farmers in Agutaya, Palawan.
Zero Waste Store: A Way to Promote Environment-friendly Living
Authors: Bagui Belen E. , Arellano Louise Rey Angeli C.
Published: December 2021

This study focuses on the emergence of Zero Waste Store: A Way to Promote Environmental-Friendly Living. The principle behind zero waste is to reduce the environmental pollution that decomposes less decomposes. Waste management begins with waste prevention and continues with waste sorting, producer accountability and waste charges based on the amount of waste disposed of the implementation variable of zero waste is community waste management and the lack of resources and government subsidies. Throughout the study, the perceptions, adaptation, and promotion about zero waste store as an eco-friendly and plastic-free environment. The researchers used a phenomenological qualitative research design, in which the researchers set aside both perceptions and biases to completely comprehend the respondents' perspectives and lives. The study was conducted using Google forms as the platform of the questionnaire. The participants of this study are five (5) sari-sari store owners residing around the area of Batangas City. Implementing Zero Waste Store can benefit the reduction of plastic pollution that occurs to our environment both inland and water. The zero-waste store must be implemented in different places to gradually reduce the usage of plastic and trash in our households.
In Vitro Cytotoxic Potential and Apoptotic Activity of Bufadienolide-rich Fraction from Leaves of Kalanchoe mortagei against Human HeLa Cancer Cells
Authors: SuÃ¡rez FÃ¡tima SolÃ­s , Ramirez Alethia MuÃ±iz , LÃ³pez-Marure Rebeca , PÃ©rez GutiÃ©rrez Rosa Martha
Published: December 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition as well as to assess the cytotoxicity of Kalanchoe mortagei. Materials and Methods: The plant chemical composition was determined by HPLC coupled to mass spectrometer. The cytotoxicity of methanol extract from leavesÂ  of Kalanchoe mortagei (KB) was carried out against human cervical cancer cells (HeLa), breast cancer (MCF-7), brain cancer (U373),Â  breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231) andÂ  umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.Â  KB was added at various concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 Âµg/ml. In addtion, cell morphological changesÂ  and apoptosis were also evaluated. Results: A bufadienolides-rich fraction (BRF) containing nine bufadienolides was identified by HPLC/MS whichÂ  to significantly reduce proliferation of HeLa cells. Bufadienolides identified included 3Î²-Acetate Hellebrigenin, Bufotalinin, 19-Oxo-bufalin, Hellebrigenin, Monohydroxy-bufotalin, 19-oxo-desacetylcinobufagin, 1Î²-Hidroxybufalin, Bufalin, and 3-Dehydroxy cinobufagin. Discussion & Conclusion:Â  K. mortagei contains bufadienolides with specific cytotoxic activity on cancer cells without affect to normal cells, suggesting that its consumption could be considered as a potential therapy against cancer
The Frequency of Normal Variations of Oral Mucosa in Patients Referred to Qazvin School of Dentistry, Spring, 2015
Authors: Aghel Sara , Esfehani Mahsa , Zarabadipour Mahdieh
Published: December 2021

Background: Oral mucosa which covers inside of the mouth is a complex structure that has been adapted for its particular function and anatomical location. Some oral conditions, despite their different physical features, are not pathological; rather, they are considered normal such as Linea Alba, Parotid Papilla, Geographic Tongue and Fissured Tongue. Materials and Methods: in this cross-sectional study 692 patients were registered through clinical examination and fulfillment of predesigned questionnaire. Diagnostic criteria in this study included the normal changes of the oral mucosa (including geographic tongue, fissured tongue, scalloped tongue, parotid papilla, palatal and mandibular torus, Lina Alba, frenal tag, leukoedema, Fordyce granules). Results: 692 people with an average age of 35years participated in this study. The overall sum of oral cavity normal variations was 806, 542 cases of which were female and 264 cases male. Conclusion: In this study 692 patients were examined by specialists; 494 cases, a sum of 71% had oral cavity normal variations. Linea Alba had the highest frequency among normal variations.
Marine solids/NaNO3: As Natural and Efficient Catalysts for Aldol condensation
Authors: Mostoufi Azar , Shushizadeh Mohammad Reza , Sayahi Aedeh , Nabavi Seyed Mohammad Bagher , Mohandespour Bahar
Published: December 2021

A new and efficient method have been developed for the synthesis of Î±,Î²-unsaturated carbonyl compounds from various aldehydes and ketones, using marine calcinated coral/NaNO3 and cuttlebone/NaNO3, as natural and efficient catalysts for cross aldol condensation. The aim of present study was to study the marine solids/NaNO3: as natural and efficient catalyst for Aldol condensation. The materials were purchased from Merck and Aldrich Companies. The IR spectra were recorded on a Perkin-Elmer RXI infrared spectrometer. H NMR spectra were recorded on a 400 MHz Brucker FT-NMR spectrometer. The SEM image was recorded on 1455 VP LEO-Germany. TLC accomplished the purity of substrates and reactions monitored on silica gel (Merck, Germany) Polygram SIGL/UV254 plates. The melting points are uncorrected. Results showed that, the marine solid are efficient catalysts for aldol condensation, but cuttlebone/NaNO3 catalyze this reaction in shorter time (1 hr) than calcinated coral/NaNO3 (6 hr). However, these marine solids have several advantages such as small amount of the catalyst, good absorbent natural solid, easy to handle, and products in good-to-high yields. In conclusion we found marine catalysts, Calcinated Cuttlebone/NaNO3 or Coral/NaNO3 to be an effective catalyst for aldol condensation from ketones having Î±-hydrogens and aldehydes in 50 % ethanol at reflux conditions. The Î±,Î²-unsaturated carbonyl products were obtained in good to high yields. This method offered marked improvement compared to previously reported ones.
Review of Ayurvedic herbs with Kesharanjana Property in the Management of Caniites (Palitya)
Authors: C Murali Krishna , G Sivaram , S Malini , G Babu
Published: December 2021

Greying of hair according to age is common phenomenon. But in modern era due to different kind of stress and changing life style Canities (Palitya)Â occur in early age. According to W.H.O in India, its incidence is high in the age group of 20-30 years. In Ayurveda premature greying of hair is called as Akala palitya (premature gray hair). According to Ayurveda grey hair is mainly due to the vitiation of Pitta dosha (biological entity related to exothermic reactions or transformation) & reference ofÂ PalityaÂ is directly mentioned only in Pitta Prakruti (inherent constitution of an individual). The use of purification procedures of panchakarma (detoxifying therapy) has prime importance in the remedies mentioned for premature greying. Nasya karma (nasal medication) is one of the major rejuvenative treatments. Palliative external & internal medicaments measures like Shiro dhara (pouring oil on head), Shoro pichu (cloth dipped in oil kept on head), Shiro basti (oil is kept on head with an apparatus), Shiro lepa (application of medicated paste over head), Shiro abhyanga (oil massage to head) helps in speedy recovery. The chemical components in the herbs responsible for hair dyeing are discussed
The Influence of a Self-Compassion Training Program on Romantic Relationship Conflict: An Exploratory Multiple-Case Study
Authors: Budzan Brittany N. , Van Vliet K. Jessica
Published: December 2021

Separation and divorce are common occurrences in the Western world. Given that a transition out of a marriage can increase psychological distress in the members of the couple as well as in their children, preventive interventions are crucial for avoiding serious ruptures and for increasing relationship strength and resilience. A potential option for clinicians is to use interventions designed to increase self-compassion. This multiple-case study explored the influence of a self-compassion intervention on conflict within romantic relationships. Three women completed a self-compassion training CD, six sets of online questions, and two semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was used to construct detailed accounts of each participant’s experience. Participants perceived that self-compassion helped them to de-escalate conflict, increase self-awareness and self-acceptance, and facilitate perspective taking. This study may help inform future relationship interventions.
Effect of COVID -19 pandemic on still births.
Authors: Yasmin Sumaira , Syed Wajeeha , Liaqat Nazia , Shafqat Tanveer , Naseem Saira , Zahoor Farnaz
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is testing the strength of the strongest medical management in the globe. In developing countries, this contagious disease is quickly spreading in the midst of various endemic medical conditions like HIV, tuberculosis, jungle fever, lack of healthy sustenance, and incessant episodes of rampant contaminations. This happens especially in a setting of frail healthcare systems which may scarcely adapt to the previously mentioned existing medical challenges.

Purpose: The objective of this research is to examine the impacts of pandemic of COVID-19 on the stillbirth rates.

Methodology: Study was conducted at department of obstetrics and gynecology Unit Gynae C Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from 1st January 2019 to 31st August 2020. This comparative cross sectional study was carried out at using non probability consecutive sampling technique.

Findings: A large number of patients admitted with the diagnosis of stillbirth during 2019 and 2020 were multiparas 57% and 62% respectively. Booking status was 64% during 2019 and dropped to 52% in pandemic year 2020.Percentages of stillbirth due to abruption, placenta previa, gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM), type II diabetes, malpresentation, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR),obstructed labor, eclampsia, postdates and unknown causes in 2019 and 2020 have been given in the table.
Greed in Hamka's Novel Merantau ke Deli
Authors: Pardi Pardi
Published: December 2021

Merantau ke Deli is a novel written by Hamka published in 1939. The main theme of this novel is about Minangkabaunese culture and the conflict in the marriage of Leman, a Minangkabaunese, and Poniem, a Javanese. Adat law makes Leman married Mariatun, a Minangkabaunese as his second wife. The focus of this study is on the act of Greed performed by Leman and Mariatun. This is descriptive qualitative research based on Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2014). The theory of Greed stated by Kets De Vries (2016) was used to analyze the data obtained. The results show two kinds of Greed in the novel; the Greed for the woman's beauty and the Greed for poverty. Leman performs the Greed on the woman's beauty to marry Poniem, although it is forbidden for Minangkabaunese man to marry a non-Minangkabaunese woman. Poniem's beauty makes him break the adat law. The greediness of a beautiful woman also happens when he meets Mariatun, a beautiful young woman from the Minangkabaunese tribe. The greediness on poverty showed by Mariatun for taking the batik and also for dominating Leman's poverty. However, the acts of Greed performed by the characters in the novel create tragic flaws in their future life.
Ashura Ritual in Fadel Ilahi Eldimisky's Novel Muara Cinta
Authors: Sihotang Asnani
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the research is to elaborate on the Ashura Ritual in Karbala, Irak. The primer data are quotations taken from Fadel Ilahi Eldimisky's novel Muara Cinta. The research is qualitative research related to social problems. Damono in Wiyatmi (2008) states that sociology is an approach in literary studies that understands and evaluates literary works by considering social aspects. In the Indonesian Dictionary, rituals are defined as matters relating to procedures in religious ceremonies. Ashura ritual is done every ten of Muharram, the month of the Hijri lunar calendar. It is celebrated all over the world. In Karbala, Irak, the ritual has been performed by Shiah. The Ashura rituals found in Karbala are the ritual of beating the chest, hitting the back with a chain, and hurting the head and body. All the findings are analyzed in the discussion.
KÜRESELLEŞME SÜRECİ VE SINIR AŞAN GÖÇ HAREKETLERİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: NAR Mehmet Şükrü
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışma, göçmen stoku ile ekonomik, politik ve sosyal küreselleşme endeks değerleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Çalışmada, Türkiye’nin 1990-2020 dönemine ait; Birleşmiş Milletler Göç Raporu, Uluslararası Göç İstatistikleri, Uluslararası Göç Raporu ve KOF küreselleşme endeksinden alınan yıllık veriler kullanılmıştır. Serilerin durağanlığı Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) ve Phillips-Perron (PP) birim kök testleri ile sınanmıştır. Ardından endeks değerleri arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişki olup olmadığı Johansen eşbütünleşme testi ve ilişkinin yönünü belirlemek için Granger nedensellik testi uygulanmıştır. Çalışma bulguları, küreselleşme ile göçmen stoku arasında en az bir eşbütünleşme vektörü olduğunu ve sosyal küreselleşmeden göçmen stokuna doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisinin olduğunu göstermektedir. Hata düzeltme modeline göre sisteme giren şok 1,39 dönem sonra ortadan kalkmakta ve seriler uzun dönemde dengeye gelmektedir. Etki-tepki analizine göre sosyal küreselleşme endeks değerindeki bir artış, ikinci dönemden itibaren göçmen stokunda artışa neden olmaktadır.
The Role of Foreign Direct Investment in Achieving Sustainable Development in Iraq: An Analytical Study for The Period of 2010-2018
Authors: Mahdi Haider Kadhim , Hamza Abdulmahdi Raheem , Sabti Yousif Mousa
Published: December 2021

This study aims to demonstrate the role of foreign direct investment in achieving sustainable development in Iraq. The Iraqi Investment Law No. (13) for the year 2006 and the amendments attached to it for the years 2009 and 2015 serve as a legal cover to grant many privileges and tax exemptions to foreign investors in order to attract more of them into the country. As Iraq is a developing country, it is in dire need of foreign direct investment to advance its economic and service reality by financing development programs and plans. The need for direct foreign investments to be directed towards the productive sectors.
Influence Capital Adequacy Ratio and Loan to Deposit Ratio to The Company's Stock Price Bankings Listed On BEI
Authors: Riza Fanny Meutia Thezar Fiqih Hidayat Hasibuan,
Published: December 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), and Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) to the Share Price. The object of this research is 44 banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2014-2018. Samples were selected using the methodpurposive sampling namely 25 companies. The analytical method used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that the variableCapital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) does not have a direct effect on the Stock Price variable
Editorial
Authors: Klinger Brahan William
Published: December 2021

La gran oferta de recursos naturales de la región del Chocó Biogeográfico y las características culturales de las comunidades que lo habitan, han permitido que en el territorio se configuren unas dinámicas de uso y relacionamiento con el entorno, que son particulares de forma y contenido, las cuales han sido objeto de estudio e investigación durante varios años por parte del Instituto de Investigaciones Ambientales del Pacífico (IIAP). En esta entrega de la revista Bioetnia, se aborda esta temática desde perspectivas que van comenzando con la etnociencia, hasta la productividad, el aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales y su relación con aspectos culturales como la música.
Análisis de cambios de la cobertura vegetal en la macrocuenca del Pacífico 2000-2009
Authors: Palacios Bermúdez Erika
Published: December 2021

En los últimos años las coberturas vegetales de la macrocuenca del Pacífico han experimentado cambios significativos debido a las indiscriminadas y preexistentes intervenciones antrópicas en los ecosistemas, originando así importantes cambios en la disponibilidad de los recursos naturales existentes en los diversos hábitats. Considerando la situación anterior se realizó un análisis multitemporal de los cambios de las coberturas vegetales en la macrocuenca del Pacífico en un período de 9 años comprendido entre 2000 y 2009. En el análisis multitemporal se utilizaron imágenes de satélite del programa Landsat TM y ETM+, las cuales fueron interpretadas visualmente en pantallas de monitores con base en composiciones de colores prediseñada, falso color RGB 4, 5, 3 (rojo, gris, azul). Las imágenes se procesaron utilizando el software (Erdas 9.2) lo cual permitió generar archivos en formato (.img) y transformarlos a vectoriales o polígonos distintivos, que se clasificaron de acuerdo con la metodología de clasificación de coberturas Corine Land Cober a escala 1:100.000. En el análisis de los datos obtenidos se utilizaron las cadenas de Markov, que permitieron determinar las áreas de las coberturas que cambiaron y las que permanecieron estables en un período determinado. La cobertura boscosa de la macrocuenca del Pacífico durante el período analizado presentó una reducción en su superficie de 173.718,30 hectáreas correspondiente a 3,3% de la superficie registrada inicialmente en el año 2000.
Los bogas del Chocó: un análisis etnohistórico en la dinámica cultural afrocolombiana
Authors: Lozano Mayo Luz América , Palacios Luis Eustorgio
Published: December 2021

Todos los pueblos han tenido personajes que contribuyeron históricamente al desenvolvimiento cultural de manera evolutiva, así todos no posean reconocimiento, pues hay algunos que no son tenidos en cuenta aún cuando hayan contribuido desde los más bajos estratos en las consideraciones elitistas; el boga en el departamento del Chocó es víctima de estas circunstancias. Pero en el ámbito del desempeño de su difícil labor, cobra reconocimiento inconmensurable frente a sus benefactores; en definitiva el boga es: fe, confianza, esperanza y determinativo en las circunstancias de vida entre lo bueno y lo malo sobre todo lo relacionado con las noticias y las albricias. El sol y el agua han curtido estos personajes del ayer y de hoy, los cuales están relacionados en los distintos aconteceres históricos del hombre chocoano, porque su razón de ser que son los turbulentos ríos como el Atrato, San Juan, Baudó, Andagueda, Tamaná, entre otros. Su champa, su palanca, su canalete y el mate de achicar, testifican el diario trasegar de su existencia. En el período colonial, los ríos de la región del Pacífico, especialmente aquellos donde existen reales de minas, tuvieron gran importancia en la economía de la región y del mundo, porque fueron utilizados para el tránsito desde una provincia a otra y al interior de las provincias, en este sentido, el aporte de los bogas como fuerza humana para la movilización de los esclavistas de un lugar a otro de la geografía regional y nacional, fue de gran significación.
Concepciones epistemológicas, pedagógicas y didácticas de etnoeducadores de ciencias naturales del departamento del Chocó
Authors: Rentería Jiménez Carlos Ariel
Published: December 2021

El objetivo de este estudio es describir y analizar las concepciones epistemológicas, pedagógicas y didácticas desde un enfoque empiropositivista y constructivista de 166 etnoeducadores de ciencias naturales de instituciones educativas de los municipios de Alto Baudó, Bojayá, Condoto, Itsmina, Medio Baudó, Quibdó, Riosucio y Tadó en el departamento del Chocó. Los datos fueron recogidos a partir de un cuestionario tipo Likert diseñado para determinar la imagen de ciencia que posee el profesorado, al igual que las concepciones de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Los resultados muestran concepciones epistemológicas, de enseñanza y aprendizaje desde la dimensión de la naturaleza de la ciencia, caracterizada por diversos enfoques según el grupo étnico, género, formación académica, campo de docencia y años de experiencia de los etnoeducadores en estudio. Las concepciones epistemológicas más representativas se identifican con una concepción tradicional de la enseñanza centrada en la transmisión de información y del aprendizaje como asimilación memorista y acumulativa del conocimiento, que lleva a inferir que el aprendizaje consiste en la apropiación de significados. Se evidencia que la mayoría de los etnoeducadores no son conscientes de sus concepciones, de modo que la relación entre sus pensamientos no es coherente con su actuación pedagógica en el aula de clase. A partir de estos resultados, podrían hacerse unos análisis críticos en torno a encontrar elementos formativos a fin de fundamentar dentro del posicionamiento epistemológico, pedagógico y didáctico, una propuesta desde el Instituto de Investigaciones Ambientales del Pacífico (IIAP) de construir un modelo etnoeducativo, acorde con el contexto regional y local del Chocó.
Mitología Embera. Principales mitos, características y funciones
Authors: Cardona Antonio María , Guerra Gutierrez Jairo Miguel
Published: December 2021

El presente texto es un análisis antropológico de los principales mitos emberas, sustentado en la investigación diagnóstica realizada desde inicios del año 2012 en las comunidades indígenas de Jawa (río Chorí), Tandó y Nuquí arriba (río Nuquí) y Yucal (río Panguí), región del golfo de Tribugá, municipio de Nuquí costa pacífica chocoana, reforzada con experiencias de otras investigaciones sobre cosmogonía embera en varias comunidades del Chocó y Córdoba en la década de 1980. La tradición oral, fuente y base del análisis proviene de ancianos, sacerdotes emberas, llamados jaibaná (teólogos y filósofos naturalistas), mayores llamados en algunas comunidades noko, son los caciques principales (jefes naturales tradicionales, remplazados hoy por gobernadores) y algunos docentes bilingües. El análisis de esta mitología muestra la importancia de la misma para el seguimiento de normas sociales y ecológicas y el riesgo actual en que se encuentra este cuerpo cosmológico para la etnia Embera y para la humanidad, en la medida en que se debilita el sistema de socialización de tradiciones a las nuevas generaciones.