bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Numerical Algorithm for Abnormal Integrals with Arbitrary Order Double Bessel Functions of the First Type
Authors: Yang Yonglin , Wang Wenshuai
Published: October 2024

The integrals of the first type of double Bessel functions have a wide range of applications in geological exploration, mechanical and electromagnetic responses, signal processing, scattering, and wetting. In this paper, we develop a linear transformation accelerated convergence algorithm (LTACA) that combines the large argument approximate expression of the Bessel function (LAAEBF) and the integral accumulation to provide an efficient numerical algorithm for abnormal integrals with arbitrary order double Bessel functions of the first type. The effectiveness and high efficiency of the algorithm are verified by numerical examples, and its high accuracy is demonstrated by comparison with the Gaver-Stehfest inverse Laplace transform method (GSILTM). This offers a reliable and efficient computational method for the study of signal processing and mechanical problems.
A Modified Wei-Yao-Liu Stochastic Conjugate Gradient Algorithm in Machine Learning
Authors: Mo Zhongyu , Yuan Gonglin , Deng Wei
Published: October 2024

The Wei-Yao-Liu (WYL) Conjugate Gradient (CG) algorithm exhibits favourable attributes, notably sufficient descent and trust domain characteristics, in the context of solving unconstrained optimization problems. The exploration and enhancement of computational methodologies for stochastic optimization problems have garnered significant attention. In this study, our objective is to improve the Wei-Yao-Liu (WYL) CG algorithm and introduce an effective optimization method tailored for solving stochastic optimization problems. We will present a comprehensive framework for analysing the convergence of this algorithm and, under suitable conditions, establish its sufficient descent properties, trust region features, and global convergence of stationary points. We will also give an improved CG algorithm to calculate a framework for variance reduction. Additionally, we will conduct experimental comparisons to showcase the competitiveness of our proposed algorithm.
A Target Collision Algorithm of Autonomous Mobile Robot for Two-player Competition
Authors: Zhu Qianqian , Wang Ding , Dai Yipeng
Published: October 2024

A variety of robot competitions are held to train and attract students everywhere. This paper studies the algorithm of autonomous robot with two-player competition. The autonomous robots in a two-player competition takes the scoring form of collision and wins first. The impact object is the enemy target. The key algorithms in a two-player competition are target detection, target path decision, and collision target motion control. First, the vehicle target data set was established and enhanced, the lightweight detection algorithm model was screened and trained, the model pruning optimization experiment and the model deployment optimization experiment were carried out, and then the TensorRT framework was used for inter-layer fusion and data quantification processing. After hitting the target path decision algorithm after detecting the target target, it finally integrates the decision in simple and complex situations. The collision target motion control is the scheme of more intelligent and self-adjustable parameters of fuzzy Radial Basis Function (RBF) network Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller. Finally, the collision target implementation algorithm is tested in a real environment, and the results show that the task requirements can be met.
Dynamic Surface Tracking Control for Nonlinear Constraints
Authors: Li Wang
Published: October 2024

An adaptive control scheme based on dynamic surface control (DSC), and intelligent control techniques is developed for a 3-DOF helicopter with unknown disturbance and asymmetric saturation. The reconstructed dynamic neural network (NN) is established to compensate for nonlinear terms in real-time. A designed smooth nonlinear sigmoid function is used to model saturation nonlinearity. The combination of dynamic surface control with adaptive intelligent control techniques resolves and improves the tracking and robust performance of the system. The stability and ultimately bound of all signals of the controlled system are demonstrated by theoretical analysis. Numerical results prove the feasibility of the presented control scheme.
Partial Discharge Detection Technique Based on Full Convolutional Network with Channel-wise Convolution and Channel Mixing
Authors: Bi Jinjie , Gu Hongyu , Yang Hang , Hao Zhengyang , Huang Shoulin
Published: October 2024

The occurrence of partial discharge (PD) serves as an indication of power equipment failure, which, if not given due attention, may result in severe power accidents. Traditionally, the detection of PD involves applying various pre-processing techniques to the original signal and extracting specialized signal features that are subsequently classified using a classifier. The process is intricate and demands extensive expertise. One drawback of the conventional detection approach lies in its failure to consider the information conveyed between the phases of a three-phase electrical signal during the process of identifying PD in medium voltage three-phase cables. The present study proposes a novel method for detecting PDs, which is based on channel-wise convolution and channel mixing(C2CM) using full convolutional networks. Firstly, a set of pulses for each phase of a three-phase signal is extracted and combined to form a three-phase pulse set, serving as the input to the network. Subsequently, we introduce a FCN-C2CM network designed specifically for PD detection, capable of learning both the time-domain features of the input signal and the phase features of the three-phase signal, thereby enhancing recognition accuracy. We evaluated our approach using online testing tools on publicly available datasets, with experimental results demonstrating its superiority over existing.
Design of Intelligent Distributed Cable Laying System Based on Multi-machine Cooperative Control Strategy
Authors: Li Tiefeng , Gao Jiantong , Xu Mingwei , Li Jialu , Zhou Yuntong , Wang Hao
Published: October 2024

To solve the problems of complicated long-distance cable laying process, low laying efficiency and easy cable damage, an intelligent distributed cable laying system based on a multi-machine coordination strategy is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the multi-machine cooperative control strategy of cable clamping push laying is proposed, which solves the problem of complex and low efficiency of long-distance cable laying. Secondly, the intelligent cable-laying machine is developed to realize the perception and adaptive control of the cable-laying field conditions. Finally, an intelligent distributed cable laying system based on a multi-machine cooperative control strategy is developed. The combination of a multi-machine cooperative control strategy and an intelligent cable laying machine further strengthens the cooperation and stability of the whole system and provides a more intelligent and efficient way for cable laying.
The implementation of STE(A)M education through Scratch projects
Authors: Leshchuk S , Dilna N , Grod I , Radchenko O , Hnoiova T
Published: October 2024

The present research is motivated by the necessity of introducing modern methodologies corresponding to the study’s content into the educational process. The work aims to use Scratch projects for the organization of students’ educational activities, as well as for their creative self-realization. Authors realize STE(A)M-approach in the educational activity by facilities of Scratch-projects. The high-level block-based visual programming language could be an auxiliary technology for a teacher and an independent developing tool for students. The research revealed the main themes that became the basis for the development of the author’s course “Creative Self-Fulfilment in Scratch”. This contributes to the development of students’ creativity. The content of the course is extended with projects in algebra, geometry, physics and musical culture. Each of these projects demonstrates the unity of technology and creativity.
Remotely controlled reality in the “Robotics Fundamentals” course for students of the “Information Systems and Technologies” speciality
Authors: Kolhatin A O , Kolgatin O G , Ponomareva N S
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the distance learning technology in the “Robotics Fundamentals” course for students of the “Information Systems and Technologies” speciality. The purpose of the educational process in this course is to form students’ understanding a robotics unit and its software as an information system. We need to stress the students’ attention on importance of feedback in such complex systems. The main idea of our approach is to show the students the real production process of robotics system creation as a sequence of steps from modelling and simulation in virtual environment to testing it the in the appropriate real environment. Choice of the software and hardware for supporting the distance learning process is discussed. We suggest some technical decisions according to the remote laboratory and students’ remote communications with the robotics system. Results of conducted surveys are analysed to evaluate the efficiency of study process in the course as well to distinguish tasks for future development od our learning technology.
Application of chatbots for enhancing communication skills of IT specialists
Authors: Symonenko S V , Zaitseva N V , Osadchyi V V , Osadcha K P , Kruglyk V S , Sysoieva S O
Published: October 2024

The paper deals with the urgent issue of application of chatbots in training IT specialists for enhancing their communication skills. The background of application of chatbots in learning from using ordinary chatbots which converse in the language studied to development and implementation of special chatbots created for studying has been described. Main features, advantages and disadvantages of certain chatbots have been analysed. Taking into account the results of the analysis the teaching-oriented chatbot BEbot for developing communication skills of IT specialists has been introduced, some specifics and challenges of its creation, its peculiarities and contents have been presented. It is emphasized that along with developing business-like communication skills, language-in-use skills, cultural distinction knowledge, command of business writing style and delivering presentations in a businesslike manner have been enhanced through communication with BEbot. The results of the surveys of students on their experience in the chatbot use and their particular experience with BEbot have been highlighted.
Combined effects of urbanization and climate variability on water and carbon balances in a rice paddy-dominated basin in southern China
Authors: Chen Dongxu , Liu Ning , Gan Guojing , Liu Yuanbo , Qin Mengsheng , Zheng Qingzhou , Sun Ge , Hao Lu
Published: October 2024

Urbanization is known to elevate storm runoff, but how it influences carbon cycle and ecosystem productivity through altering the evapotranspiration (ET) process is less clear. We examined the combined effects of urbanization including change in impervious surface area (ISA) and climate variability on the water and carbon balances of the Qinhuai River Basin (QRB) over 2001–2018. QRB represents a typical rice paddy-dominated region that experienced rapid urbanization in southern China. We improved a monthly scale water supply stress index ecosystem service model by integrating local eddy flux measurements and high-resolution remote sensing data. We found a significant downward trend in both ET (−4.6 mm yr−1, p < 0.05) and gross primary productivity (GPP) (−10.4 gC m−2 yr−1, p < 0.05) but a significant upward trend in water yield (Q) (+28.6 mm yr−1, p < 0.05). These ecosystem function changes coincided with a 96% increase in urban areas, 1.9-fold increase in ISA, and a 37% reduction in rice paddy fields. The mean annual watershed GPP decreased from 1048 gC m−2 to 998 gC m−2 while the annual Q increased from 284 mm to 669 mm from 2001 to 2018. Scenario modeling experiments suggested that the negative impacts of loss of rice paddy fields and increase in ISA on ET and GPP overwhelmed the positive impacts of climate warming. The reduction in GPP and increase in Q were largely attributed to the increases in ISA, not necessarily due to changes in land use types (e.g. urban area). The expansion of urban area, increase in ISA and reduction in leaf area index, and increase in precipitation explained the increase in Q. Our research offers insight about the interactions of carbon and water cycles through the critical ET processes under a changing climate and land surface characteristics at a watershed level. Our modeling tool and analysis provides land managers and policy makers information for designing effective ‘Urban Nature-based Solutions’ to mitigate the negative environmental effects of urbanization on carbon and water resources.
Proof of bulk-edge correspondence for band topology by Toeplitz algebra
Authors: Zhou Zixian , Wan Liang-Liang
Published: October 2024

We rigorously yet concisely prove the bulk-edge correspondence for general d-dimensional (dD) topological insulators in complex Altland–Zirnbauer classes, which states that the bulk topological number equals to the edge-mode index. Specifically, an essential formula is discovered that links the quantity expressed by Toeplitz algebra, i.e. hopping terms on the lattice with an edge, to the Fourier series on the bulk Brillouin zone. We then apply it to chiral models and utilize exterior differential calculations, instead of the sophisticated K-theory, to show that the winding number of bulk system equals to the Fredholm index of 1D edge Hamiltonian, or to the sum of edge winding numbers for higher odd dimensions. Moreover, this result is inherited to the even-dimensional Chern insulators as each of them can be mapped to an odd-dimensional chiral model. It is revealed that the Chern number of bulk system is identical to the spectral flow of 2D edge Hamiltonian, or to the negative sum of edge Chern numbers for higher even dimensions. Our methods and conclusions are friendly to physicists and could be easily extended to other physical scenarios.
Efficient algorithm for thermal nondestructive testing and evaluation by considering the heteroscedastic nature of noise sources in infrared thermography
Authors: Kaur Jasleen , Babu Prabhu , Mulaveesala Ravibabu
Published: October 2024

Thermal Imaging is a promising Non Destructive Testing & Evaluation (NDT & E) approach to monitor the health of composite materials. Among various post processing approaches adopted in thermal imaging for NDT & E, statistical analysis schemes gained importance due to their reliability and data reduction capabilities. This paper provides an insight to a factor analysis-based statistical approach to detect the hidden defects in the Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) sample. The proposed approach models the observed data covariance into combination of temporal signal covariance and noise covariance matrices. The modeling of the diagonal covariance matrix (with different elements) is motivated by the presence of heterogeneity in the experimental data obtained from GFRP sample.This novel method is based on the coordinate descent technique, which estimates the covariance matrix of the noise variances iteratively by minimizing the negative log likelihood function. The obtained results from the chosen GFRP samples compared with the widely used statistical Principal Component Thermography (PCT) technique illustrate the improved performance in terms of defect detection with the proposed technique.
How regenerated cellulose fibers appear in the discourse on marine pollution with microplastic: a snowballing and network approach
Authors: Pasterk Sophie , Ranacher Lea , Stern Tobias , Schuster K Christian , Aigner Danuta J , Hesser Franziska
Published: October 2024

Microplastics are prominent marine pollutants that have been investigated in various recent studies. While some of these studies mention regenerated cellulose fibers (RCFs), as part of microplastics or in close connection, other studies consider RCFs to be biodegradable by their nature and hence neglectable in context of marine pollution. This systematic literature review on the biodegradability of RCFs was conducted to investigate how such differences can be explained. An innovative snowballing-network approach has been applied for the review to gain a better understanding of historical developments of and interconnections between according strains of literature. Starting from four different papers the review followed according references and citations. Results indicate that a consensus is lacking across research fields on the chemical characteristics of RCFs. The inconsistent use of existing terminology by some researchers, and failure to make distinctions between RCFs and synthetic fibers or plastics in the results may lead to misinterpretation regarding the impacts of RCFs in the environment. By using more accurately the existing terms and definitions, researchers could prevent readers from misinterpreting research results and increase their understanding of RCFs. Biodegradation of regenerated cellulose fibers was reviewed, and consensus is that these fibers are biodegradable in all natural environments and suitable industrial settings. Conducting further research on the fate of RCFs and other cellulose fibers from processed consumer products like textiles, as well as microfibers from textiles in general, in natural environments are recommended.
Metal substrate printed circuit boards as low-cost, robust temperature sensor mounts for cryogenic thermometry
Authors: Stöckli Linus Leo , Ottersberg Rafael , Thomas Nicolas
Published: October 2024

Cryogenic experiments strongly depend on accurate temperature measurements. Many of the sensors used for these purposes are glued to the object to be measured to achieve adequate thermal contact. This calls for a more flexible, long lasting and robust bolt-mounted solution. Therefore, we present a low-cost (<5$), compact, PCB (printed circuit board) based sensor mount for RTDs (resistance temperature detector) and diodes showing reliable results at temperatures from 50 K to 400 K with possible modifications for an extended range down below 20 K. We anticipate that the robustness and low cost of the reported sensor mount design will strongly enhance the accessibility of reliable temperature measurements at a wide range of temperatures in laboratory applications.
Optimal error estimate of unconditionally positivity-preserving, mass-conserving and energy stable method for the Keller-Segel chemotaxis model
Authors: Wang Kun , Liu Enlong , Feng Xinlong
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we prove the optimal error estimate of an unconditionally positivity-preserving, mass-conserving and energy stable method for the Keller-Segel chemotaxis equations. Applying a log-transformation to preserve the positivity and utilizing a recovery to ensure the mass-conversing, we consider a decoupled and linear fully discrete finite element method for the Keller-Segel chemotaxis equations. Then, supposing that the initial mass is less than certain critical threshold which guarantees that the system does not blow up at a finite time, and deriving the errors of the temporal and spatial discretizations in a proper sequence to avoid extra regularity requirements of the weak solutions, we prove that the method is unconditionally energy stable and can achieve the optimal convergence order in

L
2

L^2

norm under weaker assumptions on the solutions than the existent ones. The shown numerical examples confirm the correctness of the theoretical prediction.
Metric measure spaces with Ricci bounds from below
Authors: Honda Shouhei
Published: October 2024

In this survey we introduce new results on metric measure spaces with Ricci curvature bounded below, so-called

R
C
D

\mathrm {RCD}

spaces, including stability results of several energies with respect to measured Gromov-Hausdorff convergence, Weyl’s law, and a characterization of noncollapsed RCD spaces.
Partial desingularization
Authors: Belotto da Silva André , Bierstone Edward , Ronzon Lavie Ramon
Published: October 2024

We address the following question of partial desingularization preserving normal crossings. Given an algebraic (or analytic) variety

X
X

in characteristic zero, can we find a finite sequence of blowings-up preserving the normal-crossings locus of

X
X

, after which the transform

X
′

X’

of

X
X

has only singularities from an explicit finite list of minimal singularities, which we define using the determinants of circulant matrices. In the case of surfaces, for example, the pinch point or Whitney umbrella is the only singularity needed in addition to normal crossings.

We develop techniques for factorization (splitting) of a monic polynomial with regular (or analytic) coefficients, satisfying a generic normal crossings hypothesis, which we use together with resolution of singularities techniques to find local circulant normal forms of singularities. These techniques in their current state are enough for a positive answer to the question above, for

dim
⁡
X
≤
4

\dim X \leq 4

, or in arbitrary dimension if we preserve normal crossings only of order at most three. In these cases, minimal singularities have smooth normalization.
Misconceiving the ‘Indian Family’
Authors: Vera-Sanso* Penny
Published: October 2024

This chapter interrogates conceptualizations of family and household in India and their consequences for public discourse, public policy, and rights within households. It identifies how the presumption that the joint family is India’s cultural norm misrepresents the family cycle on which joint families are predicated and blames cultural erosion for social ills. This both pulls the socio-economic and demographic determinants of family relations out of the analytical frame and reduces government roles to family norm enforcer, rather than rights upholder and social protection floor provider. Misconceiving inter-household and intra-household relations drives policies that undermine essential inter-household support strategies. Drawing on three decades of fieldwork in urban and rural India, the chapter demonstrates the mismatch between Census definitions of households, that emphasize fixed boundaries and household independence, and the lived reality of household interdependence and the flexing of household boundaries in order to provide shelter and support to relatives.
Digital Mothering in Middle-Class Families
Authors: Venkatraman Shriram
Published: October 2024

The rise of dual-income nuclear families in urban environments has led to an increase in latchkey children. Working parents, particularly mothers, face the challenge of balancing work and home life and often employ digital parenting methods to monitor and guide their children’s media consumption. They often promote content that aligns with their intergenerational class aspirations while discouraging others. To perform their role well, these mothers often seek inputs from social networks of similarly situated women through digital platforms while manoeuvring constant inputs on motherhood from their extended family networks. These digital platforms also become places where mothers interact, share knowledge, and even compete in showcasing parenting skills and aspirations. This chapter will examine how these influences shape a notion of responsible digital mothering, impacting the child’s media consumption patterns and reproducing class status. The chapter is based on a long-term ethnography conducted since 2013 in Chennai, South India.
Pervasive Stagnation: Flat and Rising Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Post-2010 Across US States and Counties
Authors: Abrams Leah , Brower Nora , Myrskylä Mikko , Mehta Neil
Published: October 2024

Since 2010, the U.S. has experienced adverse trends in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, which dramatically slowed long-standing life expectancy improvements. The extent to which the national trend in CVD mortality masks heterogeneity in trends across states and counties is poorly understood. We provide a detailed accounting of post-2010 trends in CVD mortality by U.S. state and county to understand how features of place relate to trends. We compare trends during 2010-2019 to that of 2000-2009. We observe flattening declines in CVD mortality in nearly every state at both midlife (ages 40-64) and old age (ages 65-84) across the two decades. Many states exhibited increases in midlife CVD mortality in 2010-2019. Old age CVD mortality was still declining in most states post-2010, although much slower compared to the previous decade. States in the Southeast recorded some of the fastest post-2010 declines in CVD mortality at old age. County-level median household income was associated with level of CVD mortality, but all income deciles, even the wealthiest counties, experienced stagnating CVD mortality declines. Findings highlight the ubiquitous nature of CVD stagnation, pointing to the need to identify risk factor affecting trends across regions and socioeconomic strata across the United States.
A Criminological–Military Enterprise
Authors: McGarry Ross
Published: October 2024

This article builds upon, and extends, critiques of British criminology’s enterprising collaboration with state-based institutions. Through an investigation of the discipline’s discreet contribution to the UK military ‘knowledge economy’ (Catignani and Basham 2021), criminological research is revealed as having the capacity to insulate the British military from critique and depoliticize military violence. Informed by criminological and critical military studies scholarship, the ‘criminological–military enterprise’ is introduced into academic discourse. This term offers a critical analysis of the discipline’s contemporary ‘blended’ (Shields 2024) research with the British military estate, provides ‘enriched reflexive’ (Danielsson 2022) problems for critical scholars to contemplate, and calls for a (re)politicization of military issues within criminological research.
Primary cutaneous Alternaria alstroemeriae infection
Authors: Yang Ximing , Li Li , Zhu Min
Published: October 2024

In this study, a 57-year-old woman presented to the Dermatology Department with rashes on her left face and ear persisting for over a month. We found that she was infected with Alternaria alstroemeriae, which to our knowledge is the first report of deep cutaneous infection in humans.
A long look at Copley’s A Boy with a Flying Squirrel: implications for the default mode network
Authors: Schott Geoffrey
Published: October 2024

What happens in the brain when a person spends three hours viewing a single painting? Geoffrey Schott examines the account of an art history professor who did just that, and considers what their observations reveal about the differences between seeing and looking, and between looking and perceiving.
Granulomatous secondary syphilis: two case reports and a literature review
Authors: Lim Delwyn Z J , Lim Joel H L , Wang Ding Yuan , Chio Martin T W
Published: October 2024

Historically, granulomatous inflammation has been described in association with tertiary syphilis. However, in recent years there have been increasing reports of granulomatous inflammation in patients with secondary syphilis. Here, we discuss two patients who presented with erythematous infiltrated papules and nodules and were eventually diagnosed with granulomatous secondary syphilis, with clearance of their rashes following treatment. We highlight important clues that can point clinicians and histopathologists toward a diagnosis of syphilis instead of differential diagnoses such as leprosy in reaction, cutaneous histiocytosis and lymphoma. Furthermore, after performing a literature review and from our own experiences, we wish to highlight that granulomatous syphilis is often palmoplantar-sparing and its presence may not necessarily be a feature of immunocompromised states, such as HIV infection. In this increasingly connected world, the recognition of an atypical presentation of an age-old disease in patients with different skin types must be underscored by close clinicopathological correlations.
The divisive normalization model of visual number sense: model predictions and experimental confirmation
Authors: Croteau Jenna , Fornaciai Michele , Huber David E , Park Joonkoo
Published: October 2024

Our intuitive sense of number allows rapid estimation for the number of objects (numerosity) in a scene. How does the continuous nature of neural information processing create a discrete representation of number? A neurocomputational model with divisive normalization explains this process and existing data; however, a successful model should not only explain existing data but also generate novel predictions. Here, we experimentally test novel predictions of this model to evaluate its merit for explaining mechanisms of numerosity perception. We did so by consideration of the coherence illusion: the underestimation of number for arrays containing heterogeneous compared to homogeneous items. First, we established the existence of the coherence illusion for homogeneity manipulations of both area and orientation of items in an array. Second, despite the behavioral similarity, the divisive normalization model predicted that these two illusions should reflect activity in different stages of visual processing. Finally, visual evoked potentials from an electroencephalography experiment confirmed these predictions, showing that area and orientation coherence modulate brain responses at distinct latencies and topographies. These results demonstrate the utility of the divisive normalization model for explaining numerosity perception, according to which numerosity perception is a byproduct of canonical neurocomputations that exist throughout the visual pathway.
Distal solution for an (un)conventional radial artery complication: a case report
Authors: Colletti Giuseppe , Sgueglia Gregory Angelo , Gach Olivier , Natalis Alexandre , Ungureanu Claudiu
Published: October 2024

Background

The European Society of Cardiology guidelines recommend transradial access (TRA) for coronary angiography due to its advantages, including lower mortality and bleeding complications. Arterial pseudoaneurysms are rare but challenging complications of TRA, occurring in 0.009%–0.05% of procedures. Non-surgical management, especially in cases with large (>1 mm) necks or late discovery, can be difficult due to the limited effectiveness of echo-guided compression and risks of echo-guided thrombin injection, like thrombin embolization leading to necrosis.

Case summary

An 82-year-old underwent successful non-surgical management of a large-neck pseudoaneurysm following TRA for a primary percutaneous coronary intervention of the left anterior descending artery. Clinical examination revealed a pulsatile mass at the puncture site, diagnosed via ultrasound as a pseudoaneurysm with a >1 mm neck. Through distal radial access, an initial 5 Fr sheath was upsized to 8 Fr based on ultrasound findings, achieving complete pseudoaneurysm exclusion. Follow-ups confirmed pseudoaneurysm sealing and radial artery patency.

Discussion

This case illustrates an effective non-surgical approach to managing large-neck pseudoaneurysms post-TRA, utilizing an upsized sheath technique. It underscores the importance of innovative non-surgical strategies in complex cases, providing a safe and effective alternative to traditional management methods.
Symptomatic orthostatic hypotension due to standing mid-left ventricular obstruction: a case report
Authors: Ordine Leopoldo , Losi Maria Angela , Canciello Grazia , Borrelli Felice , Esposito Giovanni
Published: October 2024

Background

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a common cardiovascular disorder typically associated with autonomic dysfunction. However, various other mechanisms can contribute to its occurrence.

Case summary

An 88-year-old woman was referred to the cardiology unit due to recurrent syncope episodes while standing. Echocardiography revealed a normally contracting left ventricle with severe hypertrophy, a restrictive filling pattern, reduced stroke volume, and a decreased inferior vena cava diameter (4 mm/m²). In the standing position, she experienced syncope, and invasive blood pressure monitoring confirmed OH, alongside a normal increase in heart rate and evidence of mid-left ventricular obstruction (MVO) on echocardiogram. Discontinuation of diuretics and administration of fluids and beta-blockers effectively resolved the OH.

Discussion

This case underscores the importance of considering mechanisms beyond autonomic dysfunction and volume depletion in the aetiology of OH in elderly patients. Notably, this is the first documented case of OH associated with MVO occurring in an upright posture, resulting in a significant decrease in cardiac output and subsequent syncope. Preventing volume depletion and using non-vasodilating beta-blockers may represent optimal therapeutic strategies in such cases.
Complex left atrial appendage closure using 3D printing system simulation in a patient with mitral prosthetic valve: a case report
Authors: Vicini Scajola Luca , Sanzo Antonio , Magrini Giulia , Marconi Stefania , Rordorf Roberto
Published: October 2024

Background

Left atrial appendage (LAA) closure (LAAc) has emerged as a safe and effective alternative to oral anticoagulation (OAC) for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and contraindications to OAC.

Case summary

A 61-year-old woman with permanent AF and a history of mitral surgery replacement with mechanical prosthesis was referred to our cardiology department to undergo LAAc. The preoperative computed tomography (CT) revealed that the ostium of the LAA was close to the mitral prosthesis ring. As a result of the difficult LAA morphology, a CT image-based virtual model was created, then a 3D printing model was prepared in our laboratory, and procedure simulation was performed with the two different LAA occlusion devices (plug- vs. pacifier-like models) to see which one was more suitable for the patient anatomy.

Discussion

In this case of complex LAAc in a patient with mechanical prosthetic mitral valve, the use of a 3D printed model has guided prosthesis selection and device sizing reducing procedure time and complications.
Mid-term results of a case series on branched xenopericardial roll graft replacement to treat aortic arch/arch graft infection
Authors: Kubota Hiroshi , Endo Hidehito , Minegishi Sachito , Tsuchiya Hiroshi , Inaba Yusuke , Takahashi Yu , Shimasaki Teppei , Kurai Daisuke , Nakazawa Harumasa , Ohura Norihiko
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES

We conducted this case series to evaluate the feasibility and mid-term outcomes of orthotopic aortic arch reconstruction using xenopericardial grafts to treat native aortic arch/arch graft infection.

METHODS

Between 2010 and 2023, adopting a multidisciplinary approach, we treated consecutive patients with aortic arch/arch graft infection by orthotopic branched xenopericardial roll graft replacement and tissue filling. The end points of the study were the graft reinfection and graft-related complications such as pseudoaneurysm formation, thromboembolism, graft stenosis, graft calcification and death.

RESULTS

The subjects were 11 patients (8 men and 3 women) with a median age of 66 [51–79, (interquartile range) 59.0, 70.5] years. Of the 11 patients, 7 underwent preoperative mediastinal irrigation/negative-pressure wound treatment. The 30-day mortality was 0% (0/11 patients), and 1 patient died in the hospital after 8 months. Aorta-related death occurred in 18.2% (2/11 patients), with both cases developing local recurrence of fungal infection. The remaining 9 patients (81.8%) remained free of reinfection. The estimated 1-, 3-, 5- and 7-year risk-adjusted survival rates were 91 ± 9%, 81 ± 12%, 58 ± 16% and 58 ± 16%, respectively. The estimated 1-, 3-, 5- and 7-year cumulative aorta-related mortality rates were 9 ± 9%, 19 ± 12%, 19 ± 12% and 19 ± 12%, respectively. Graft-related complications included branch kinking in 1 patient and graft rupture in 1 patient. There were no cases of graft-related thromboembolism or graft calcification. The median follow-up period was 45 [8–101, (interquartile range) 36.5, 70.9] months. The longest follow-up period until date of the currently surviving patients is 101 months.

CONCLUSIONS

Although the xenopericardium appeared to be vulnerable to fungal infection, based on the favourable results obtained, we consider that branched xenopericardial roll graft replacement using a multidisciplinary, staged approach may serve as a useful treatment option for aortic arch/arch graft infection.
Expanding the primary care workforce by integrating genetic counselors in multidisciplinary care teams
Authors: Vanneste Rachel , Bauer Sasha A , Borle Kennedy , Dreikorn Erika
Published: October 2024

Collectively, rare diseases are common, affecting approximately 8% of the population in Canada and the USA. Therefore, the majority of primary care (PC) clinicians will care for patients who are affected or at risk for a genetic disease. Considering the increasing ways in which genetics is being implemented into all areas of healthcare, one way to address these needs and expand the capacity of the PC workforce is through the integration of genetic counselors (GCs) into PC multidisciplinary teams. GCs are Masters-educated allied health professionals with specialized training in molecular genetics, communication, and short-term psychotherapeutic counseling. The current models of GCs in PC mimic other multidisciplinary models. Complex tasks related to genetics, such as pre- and post-test counseling, genetic test selection, and results interpretation, are conducted by GCs, which, in turn, allows physicians, nurse practitioners, and other PC providers to work at the top of their scope of practice. Quality genetics services provided by GCs improve clinical outcomes for patients and their families; the simultaneous provision of genetic education and psychological support by a GC is associated with an increase in patient knowledge, perceived personal control, decrease in distress, and can lead to positive health behavior changes, all of which are aligned with the goals of primary healthcare. With their extensive training in clinical care, medical communication, and psychotherapeutic counseling, integrating GCs into PC care teams will improve the care patients receive and allow PC clinicians to ensure their patients are at the forefront of the personalized medicine revolution.
Protecting Human Creativity in AI-Generated Music with the Introduction of an AI-Royalty Fund
Authors: Jacques Sabine , Flynn Mathew
Published: October 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is posited to revolutionise the creative industries, prompting global calls for legislative intervention to ensure human creativity remains at the centre of the copyright system. As AI systems gain prowess in analysing and generating content, they promise new levels of creativity and innovation at accelerated pace and reduced costs compared to human production. Alongside these benefits come concerns of displacement, particularly in fields like music, where AI-generated music could potentially supplant human-authored creative endeavours. Suggestions ranging from taxation to levies have been proposed to address this challenge. This paper, however, advocates for a novel perspective: evolving copyright law to not only compensate creators for income lost to technological disruption but also to foster sustainability aligned with the principles of the Council of Europe’s European Social Charter. Proposing an ‘AI-royalty fund’ represents a more optimal approach to this dilemma. Such a fund would acknowledge the intrinsic value of music and support a sustainable and inclusive creative industry ecosystem. Essential to this vision is the role of a national collective, entrusted with administering this fund to ensure equitable distribution and uphold the interests of human authors in an AI-driven landscape, contribute to regional and local plans of growth and foster cultural diversity and innovation. In essence, as AI redefines the boundaries of creativity, adapting the copyright paradigm becomes imperative to preserving the livelihoods of human creators while promoting a resilient and sustainable creative economy.
Workplace-based learning in district health leadership and management strengthening: a framework synthesis
Authors: Kiarie Grace , Gilson Lucy , Orgill Marsha
Published: October 2024

Effective leadership and management has been identified as critical in enabling health systems to respond adequately to their population needs. The changing nature of low- and middle-income countries’ health systems, given resource scarcity, a high disease burden and other contextual challenges, has also led to learning—including workplace-based learning (WPBL)—being recognized as a key process supporting health system reform and transformation. This review used a framework synthesis approach in addressing the question: ‘What forms of WPBL, support leadership and management development; and how does such learning impact district health leadership and management strengthening?’. A search for English language empirical qualitative, mixed-methods and quantitative studies and grey literature published from January 1990 to May 2024 was conducted using four electronic databases (PubMed, EBSCOhost, Scopus and Web of Science). Twenty-five articles were included in the synthesis. The findings reveal that over the last decade, WPBL has received consideration as an approach for leadership and management development. While WPBL interventions differed in type and nature, as well as length of delivery, there was no conclusive evidence about which approach had a greater influence than others on strengthening district health leadership and management. However, the synthesis demonstrates the need for a focus on the sustainability and institutionalization of interventions, including the need to integrate WPBL interventions in health systems. To support sustainability and institutionalization, there should be flexibility in the design and delivery of such interventions and they are best supported through national or regional institutions.
eQTL mapping in transgenic alpha-synuclein carrying Caenorhabditis elegans recombinant inbred lines
Authors: Huang Yuqing , Wang Yiru A , van Sluijs Lisa , Vogels Demi H J , Chen Yuzhi , Tegelbeckers Vivian I P , Schoonderwoerd Steven , Riksen Joost A G , Kammenga Jan E , Harvey Simon C , Sterken Mark G
Published: October 2024

Protein aggregation of α-synuclein (αS) is a genetic and neuropathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Studies in the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans suggested that variation of αS aggregation depends on the genetic background. However, which genes and genetic modifiers underlie individual differences in αS pathology remains unknown. To study the genotypic-phenotypic relationship of αS aggregation, we constructed a Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) panel derived from a cross between genetically divergent strains C. elegans NL5901 and SCH4856, both harboring the human αS gene. As a first step to discover genetic modifiers 70 αS-RILs were measured for whole-genome gene expression and expression quantitative locus analysis (eQTL) were mapped. We detected multiple eQTL hot-spots, many of which were located on Chromosome V. To confirm a causal locus, we developed Introgression Lines (ILs) that contain SCH4856 introgressions on Chromosome V in an NL5901 background. We detected 74 genes with an interactive effect between αS and the genetic background, including the human p38 MAPK homologue pmk-1 that has previously been associated with PD. Together, we present a unique αS-RIL panel for defining effects of natural genetic variation on αS pathology, which contributes to finding genetic modifiers of PD.
NpCIPK6–NpSnRK1 module facilitates intersubgeneric hybridization barriers in water lily (Nymphaea) by reducing abscisic acid content
Authors: Zhou Ping , Li Jingwen , Jiang Huiyan , Yang Zhijuan , Sun Chunqing , Wang Hongyan , Su Qun , Jin Qijiang , Wang Yanjie , Xu Yingchun
Published: October 2024

Prefertilization hybridization barriers are the main causes of intersubgeneric hybridization challenges in water lily. However, the mechanism underlying low compatibility between pollen and stigma of water lily remains unclear. This study demonstrates that CBL-interacting protein kinase 6 (CIPK6) responded to the signaling exchange between incompatible pollen and stigma through interactions with SNF1-related kinase 1 (SnRK1) and promotes the accumulation of SnRK1 protein. Activated SnRK1 interacted with 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 2 (NCED2) to promote its degradation, thereby inhibiting abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis. A decrease in ABA content in the stigma impaired the ABA-mediated removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately resulting in the rejection of the incompatible pollen by the stigma. Our results highlight the essential role of the NpCIPK6–NpSnRK1–NpNCED2 module in conferring intersubgeneric hybridization barriers in water lily by interfering with ABA synthesis and promoting ROS accumulation. This study offers valuable mechanistic insights into cellular signaling and reproductive barriers in water lily as well as across other biological contexts.
Microbial and Transcriptomic Landscape Associated With Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Perianal Fistulizing Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Cao Dongxing , Hu Muni , Yang Nailin , Qian Keyu , Hong Jie , Tang Jian , Bian Yuhai , Zhang Cheng , Wang Xiaohui , Wu Guangyu , Chen Haoyan , Zhang Ye , Wang Zheng , Cui Zhe
Published: October 2024

Background

Perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease (pfCD) poses significant healing challenges, closely associated with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). This study aimed to investigate the microbe–host interactions influencing NETs in pfCD.

Methods

From January 2019 to July 2022, patients with pfCD were screened at Ren Ji Hospital. Patients in remission following comprehensive treatment were recruited. We documented clinical characteristics, medication regimens, healing outcomes, and infliximab levels in fistula tissues. NET positivity was confirmed by positive results in citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and dual immunofluorescence staining for myeloperoxidase and CitH3. Microbial and transcriptomic profiles from fistula tissues, obtained during surgery, were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and RNA sequencing. Differences in microbiome and transcriptomic profiles were evaluated, and their relationships were assessed using Mantel’s and Spearman’s coefficients.

Results

Significant differences in microbial communities were found between groups (P = .007). Representatively differential microbes such as Prevotella bivia, Streptococcus gordonii, and Bacteroides dorei were enriched in NETs-positive fistulas (P < .05). Functional analysis of microbes revealed reduced ubiquinol biosynthesis and butanoate production in NETs-negative fistulas (P < .05). Transcriptomic analysis indicated increased neutrophil and monocyte infiltration in NETs-positive fistulas, associated with pathways involving bacterial response, neutrophil chemotaxis, secretory processes, and peptidase activity (P < .05). Species prevalent in NETs-positive fistulas correlated positively with immune responses and wound healing pathways, whereas bacteria in NETs-negative fistulas correlated negatively. NETs were negatively associated with tissue infliximab levels (P = .001) and healing outcomes (P = .025).

Conclusions

Our findings reveal unique microbial and transcriptomic signatures associated with NETs in pfCD, highlighting their profound influence on clinical outcomes.