bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modulation instability of whistler wave with electron loss cone distribution in magnetized plasma
Authors: Zhang Heng , Ge Bin-Wen , Li Jing-Yun , Zhu Zhi-Lin , Zhou Kang
Published: October 2024

The modulation instability of whistler mode waves caused by thermal electron anisotropy is studied. Based on MHD equations, the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) that describes the nonlinear modulation of whistler waves is derived by using the Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolsky (KBM) method. The condition for wave modulation instability is obtained from the loss cone distribution function of thermal electron anisotropy, revealing that the nonlinear growth of the waves tends towards electron perpendicular temperature anisotropy. By setting up continuous background waves and introducing small ion low frequency perturbations, we find that the change in the amplitude of the modulated wave is related with wave number. This finding has been validated through simulations that align with our analytical results. Additionally, we also calculate the maximum amplitude of the wave with loss cone angle and times, which revealed that the electron vertical temperature anisotropy will lead to the modulation instability of the whistler wave. This further confirms the occurrence of the modulation instability of the whistler wave in laboratory plasmas and strengthens their credibility.
Entropy production of active Brownian particles going from liquid to hexatic and solid phases
Authors: Semeraro Massimiliano , Negro Giuseppe , Suma Antonio , Corberi Federico , Gonnella Giuseppe
Published: October 2024

Due to its inherent intertwinement with irreversibility, entropy production is a prime observable to monitor in systems of active particles. In this numerical study, entropy production in the liquid, hexatic and solid phases of a two-dimensional system of active Brownian particles is examined at both average and fluctuation level. The trends of averages as functions of density show no singularity and marked changes in their derivatives at the hexatic-solid transition. Distributions show instead peculiar tail structures interpreted by looking at microscopic configurations. Particles in regions of low local order generate tail values according to different dynamical mechanisms: they move towards empty regions or bounce back and forth into close neighbours. The tail structures are reproduced by a simple single-particle model including an intermittent harmonic potential.
Indefinitely flat rotation curves from Mpc sized charged cocoons
Authors: Nieuwenhuizen Theodorus Maria
Published: October 2024

Weak lensing exhibits that rotation curves of isolated galaxies remain flat up to Mpc scale (Mistele T. et al. Astrophys. J. Lett.9692024L3). Recently we proposed that dark matter is a combination of electrostatic and vacuum energy in standard physics. In this theory, isolated galaxies may be embedded in “charged cocoons”, spheres with

charge density. The related circular rotation curves decay at the Mpc scale. The analytic solution is extended to the early Universe. A peak in the cosmic microwave background spectrum is expected at the arcsec scale. The induced nanometer size of the cocoons at the Big Bang makes the initial state inhomogeneous.
Shared Genetic Architecture and Causal Relationship Between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Bone Mineral Density
Authors: Sha Linna , Zhang Li , Zhao Xunying , Xiang Rong , Wu Xueyao , Zhu Jiangbo , Hou Jiaojiao , Deng Qin , Qin Chenjiarui , Xiao Changfeng , Qu Yang , Han Tao , Zhou Jinyu , Zheng Sirui , Yu Ting , Song Xin , Yang Bin , Fan Mengyu , Jiang Xia
Published: October 2024

Context

Despite the well-established regulatory role of vitamin D in maintaining bone health, little is known about the shared genetics and causality of the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and bone mineral density (BMD).

Objective

We aimed to investigate the shared genetic architecture and causal relationship between serum 25OHD and BMD, providing insights into their underlying biological mechanisms.

Methods

Leveraging individual-level data from the UK Biobank (UKB) cohort and summary-level data from the genome-wide association studies (GWASs) conducted on European individuals for serum 25OHD (N = 417 580) and estimated heel BMD (eBMD, N = 426 824), we systematically elucidated the shared genetic architecture underlying serum 25OHD and eBMD through a comprehensive genome-wide cross-trait design.

Results

Despite a lack of global genetic correlation (rg=−0.001; P = .95), a statistically significant local signal was discovered at 5p11-5q11.9. Two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) indicated no causal association in the overall population (β=.003, 95% CI, −0.04 to 0.03; P = .93), while positive causal effects were observed in males (β=.005, 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.01; P = .03) and older individuals (β=.009, 95% CI, 0.00∼0.02; P = .01) according to one-sample MR. A total of 49 pleiotropic single-nucleotide variations (SNVs), with 4 novel SNVs (rs1077151, rs79873740, rs12150353, and rs4760401), were identified, and a total of 95 gene-tissue pairs exhibited overlap, predominantly enriched in the nervous, digestive, exocrine/endocrine, and cardiovascular systems. Protein-protein interaction analysis identified RPS9 and RPL7A as hub genes.

Conclusion

This study illuminates the potential health benefits of enhancing serum 25OHD levels to mitigate the risk of osteoporosis among men and individuals older than 65 years. It also unveils a shared genetic basis between serum 25OHD and eBMD, offering valuable insights into the intricate biological pathways.
The GTPase RAB6 is required for stem cell maintenance and cell migration in the gut epithelium
Authors: Simonin Pierre , Guerrero Gehenna Lobo , Bardin Sabine , Gannavarapu Ram Venkata , Krndija Denis , Boyd Joseph , Miserey Stephanie , Vignjevic Danijela Matic , Goud Bruno
Published: October 2024

Intestinal epithelial cells, which are instrumental in nutrient absorption, fluid regulation, and pathogen defense, undergo continuous proliferation and differentiation within the intestinal crypts, migrating towards the luminal surface where they are eventually shed. RAB GTPases are key regulators of intracellular vesicular trafficking and are involved in various cellular processes, including cell migration and polarity. Here, we investigated the role of RAB6 in the development and maintenance of the gut epithelium. We generated conditional knockout mice with RAB6 specifically deleted in the gut epithelium. We found that deletion of the Rab6a gene resulted in embryonic lethality. In adult mice, RAB6 depletion led to altered villus architecture and impaired junction integrity without affecting the segregation of apical and basolateral membrane domains. Further, RAB6 depletion slowed down cell migration and adversely affected both cell proliferation and stem cell maintenance. Notably, the absence of RAB6 resulted in a diminished number of functional stem cells, as evidenced by the rapid death of isolated crypts from Rab6a KO mice when cultured as 3D organoids. Together, these results underscore the essential role of RAB6 in maintaining gut epithelial homeostasis.
Hippo cooperates with p53 to regulate lung airway mucous cell metaplasia
Authors: Liu Jiangying , Luo Dan , Huang Haidi , Mu Rongzi , Yuan Jianghong , Jiang Ming , Lin Chuwen , Xiang Honggang , Lin Xinhua , Song Haihan , Zhang Yongchun
Published: October 2024

Airway mucous cell metaplasia is a significant feature of many chronic airway diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis and asthma. However, the mechanisms underlying this process remain poorly understood. Here, we employed in vivo mouse genetic models to demonstrate that Hippo and p53 (encoded by Trp53) cooperate to modulate the differentiation of club cells into goblet cells. We revealed that ablation of Mst1 (Stk4) and Mst2 (Stk3), encoding the core components of Hippo signaling, significantly reduces mucous metaplasia in the lung airways in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung inflammation murine model while promoting club cell proliferation in a Yap (Yap1)-dependent manner. Additionally, we showed that deleting Mst1/2 is sufficient to suppress p53 deficiency-mediated goblet cell metaplasia. Finally, single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis revealed downregulation of YAP and p53 signaling in goblet cells in human airways. These findings underscore the important role of Hippo and p53 signaling in regulating airway mucous metaplasia.
Widespread destabilization ofCaenorhabditis elegansmicroRNAs by the E3 ubiquitin ligase EBAX-1
Authors: Stubna Michael W. , Shukla Aditi , Bartel David P.
Published: October 2024

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) associate with Argonaute (AGO) proteins to form complexes that direct mRNA repression. miRNAs are also the subject of regulation. For example, some miRNAs are destabilized through a pathway in which pairing to specialized transcripts recruits the ZSWIM8 E3 ubiquitin ligase, which polyubiquitinates AGO, leading to its degradation and exposure of the miRNA to cellular nucleases. Here, we found that 22 miRNAs inCaenorhabditis elegansare sensitive to loss of EBAX-1, the ZSWIM8 ortholog in nematodes, implying that these 22 miRNAs might be subject to this pathway of target-directed miRNA degradation (TDMD). The impact of EBAX-1 depended on the developmental stage, with the greatest effect on the miRNA pool (14.5%) observed in L1 larvae, and the greatest number of different miRNAs affected (17) observed in germline-depleted adults. The affected miRNAs included the miR-35–42 family, as well as other miRNAs among the least stable in the worm, suggesting that TDMD is a major miRNA-destabilization pathway in the worm. The excess miR-35–42 molecules that accumulated inebax-1mutants caused increased repression of their predicted target mRNAs and underwent 3′ trimming over time. In general, however, miRNAs sensitive to EBAX-1 loss had no consistent pattern of either trimming or tailing. Replacement of the 3′ region of miR-43 substantially reduced EBAX-1 sensitivity, a result that differed from that observed previously for miR-35. Together, these findings broaden the implied biological scope of TDMD-like regulation of miRNA stability in animals, and indicate that a role for miRNA 3′ sequences is variable in the worm.
SUS: Uso de equipamentos inovadores para diagnóstico do câncer de mama
Authors: Silva Oliveira Túlio , Vieira Borges Júnior Cândido , Da Silva Filho Antônio Isidro , De Lima Vieira dos Santos Silvana , Santos de Oliveira Denise
Published: October 2024

Apesar de iniciativas médicas e políticas públicas desenvolvidas no Brasil desde a década de 1920, o câncer de mama continua sendo um dos tipos de câncer mais prevalentes e de maior letalidade entre as mulheres. Com vistas a enfrentar esse desafio, a adoção de mamógrafos inovadores é considerada essencial. No entanto, barreiras são encontradas para implementação desses equipamentos em sistemas públicos de saúde. Nesse contexto, este estudo objetiva investigar os fatores que impactam a adoção de mamógrafos inovadores no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Foram analisados dados públicos de 448 regiões de saúde brasileiras. Os resultados mostram influência positiva do uso de mamógrafos simples, da taxa de médicos especialistas, técnicos em radiologia e mulheres acima de 40 anos na adoção desses equipamentos. Observa-se também uma distribuiçãodesigual de mamógrafos inovadores no País. Tais resultados contribuem para orientar ações no SUS, desenvolver políticas públicas mais efetivas e direcionar estudos futuros acerca do tema.
Intracellular dry mass density increases under growth-induced pressure
Authors: Kim Hyojun , Alric Baptiste , Chan Nolan , Roul Julien , Delarue Morgan
Published: October 2024

Cells that proliferate in confined environments develop mechanical compressive stress, referred to as growth-induced pressure, which inhibits growth and division across various organisms. Recent studies have shown that in these confined spaces, the diffusivity of intracellular nanoparticles decreases. However, the physical mechanisms behind this reduction remain unclear. In this study, we use quantitative phase imaging to measure the refractive index and dry mass density of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells proliferating under confinement in a microfluidic bioreactor. Our results indicate that the observed decrease in diffusivity can be at least attributed to the intracellular accumulation of macromolecules. Furthermore, the linear scaling between cell content and growth-induced pressure suggests that the concentrations of macromolecules and osmolytes are maintained proportionally under such pressure in S. cerevisiae.
A human model of Buruli ulcer: Provisional protocol for a Mycobacterium ulcerans controlled human infection study.
Authors: Muhi Stephen , Marshall Julia L. , O'Brien Daniel P. , Johnson Paul D.R. , Ross Gayle , Ramakrishnan Anand , Mackay Laura K. , Doerflinger Marcel , McCarthy James S. , Jamrozik Euzebiusz , Osowicki Joshua , Stinear Timothy P.
Published: October 2024

Critical knowledge gaps have impeded progress towards reducing the global burden of disease due to Mycobacterium ulcerans, the cause of the neglected tropical disease Buruli ulcer (BU). Development of a controlled human infection model of BU has been proposed as an experimental platform to explore host-pathogen interactions and evaluate tools for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. We have previously introduced the use case for a new human model and identified M. ulcerans JKD8049 as a suitable challenge strain. Here, we present a provisional protocol for an initial study, for transparent peer review during the earliest stages of protocol development. Following simultaneous scientific peer review and community/stakeholder consultation of this provisional protocol, we aim to present a refined protocol for institutional review board (IRB) evaluation.
The genome sequence of the Bird-cherry Ermine moth, Yponomeuta evonymella (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Boyes Douglas , Murray Callum ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Yponomeuta evonymella (the Bird-cherry Ermine; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Yponomeutidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 572.70 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 32 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the trivalent sex chromosomes Z1, Z2 and W. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.16 kilobases in length.
PERSON’S CHOICE IN MORAL DILEMMAS SOLUTION SOCIONIC TYPE INFLUENCE
Authors: Ponomareva Ekaterina V.
Published: October 2024

Background. The question of personality traits influence on a person's choice in solving moral issues is quite relevant and is widely represented in modern research in the personality psychology field. No one has conducted such studies using the socionic model yet.
Purpose.  The purpose of empirical study is to test the socionic type influence on person’s choice in moral dilemmas solving.
Methodology. To conduct the research, we used methods of socionic type identification, author’s moral dilemmas solving test, factor and correlation analysis.
Results. Provided factor analysis separated all questions from author’s tests into 5 factors, which we interpret like:  personal safety, personal values, following public morality regulations, following the rules and laws, safety of loved ones. Correlation analysis for the factors and socionic traits revealed a positive correlation between the factor “personal safety” and the pole “Farsighted”. “Personal values” factor showed a positive correlation with the pole “Asking” and the factor “following the rules and laws” – with the pole “Result”. The factor “following public morality regulations” revealed a positive correlation with the poles “Dynamics” and “Serious”, and the factor “safety of loved ones” showed a positive correlation with the poles “Yielding”, “Tactical” and “Emotivist”.
Practical implications. The findings contribute in definition of socionic traits clarification, to better understand their influence on observable human’s behavior. This ensures that practitioners who use socionic methods draw on the experimentally verified hypotheses.
SIGNIFICANCE OF ELECTRONIC EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT WHEN TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGE FOR STUDENTS’ RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
Authors: Mirontseva Svetlana S. , Moiseev Dmitriy V. , Nekrasova Mariya Yu. , Sivtseva Aleksandra S. , Spirina Yuliya P.
Published: October 2024

Background. The paper focuses on the urgent problem of foreign language vocational training of prospective specialists and its significance in students’ research activities. Nowadays, the current concept of teaching foreign languages at non-linguistic university training emphasizes the teaching system combining vocational training and language acquisition. In other words, it is crucial to consider the competencies for prospective occupation and the ability of students to use their professional language skills in a dynamically changing environment. Based on the modern standards of higher education, with an emphasis on project and research activities, the programs of teaching foreign languages consider the student’s research activities one of the most important motivation tools for mastering a foreign language. These activities allow students to creatively apply the achievements of scientific and technological progress in practice.
Purpose. The aim of the research is to present a description of the structure of the electronic educational environment of the university and to identify the specifics of foreign language teaching for research activities of students.
Materials and methods. The competence approach, in particular foreign-language professional-oriented competence, is considered as the methodological basis of the study. Achievement of the set research goal was carried out on the basis of theoretical and methodological analysis, systematisation and generalisation of scientific literature on the given problem. Quantitative indicators were used as an element of describing the dynamics of changes in the educational environment of the university. Using the given methods, the students should obtain foreign language competencies, including the extensive application of electronic educational resources and research skills. We described the approaches to organizing the teaching process, focusing on the concept of a computer-based environment, including electronic educational resources.
Results. The experience of Sevastopol State University (Sevastopol, Russia) serves as an example of the positive experience of the electronic educational environment, which underlines the scientific novelty of the study. Practice shows that using an electronic educational environment is essential in engaging students in research activities. Such an environment promotes the formation of creative skills among students and increases the level of their vocational training.
PROFESSIONAL INTELLECTUAL ABILITIES OF A FUTURE OFFICER: THEORETICAL TOOLS AND EMPIRICAL RESULTS
Authors: Orlenko Sergey V.
Published: October 2024

Relevance of the study. The development of professional intellectual abilities during training in higher education institutions is a relevant and modern scientific task. This is due to the fact that modern sectors of the economy require specialists with a high level of professional intelligence and systemic knowledge of their specialty. The technological and innovative nature of armed conflicts, military actions and special military operations require a future officer to have a highly developed intellect and the ability to effectively think in different conditions.
The purpose of the study was a comprehensive study of the essence and structure of professional intellectual abilities of future officers of the National Guard troops in theoretical and practical aspects.
Method and methodology. The declared comprehensive study of the essence and structure of professional intellectual abilities of future officers of the National Guard troops in theoretical and practical aspects was based on modern developments in the field of improving training in higher education institutions, the formation, education and development of personally significant and professional qualities of future officers, the objectification of the value-semantic sphere in the subject-social reality. The methods used in the work were general logical techniques and methods of scientific knowledge, as well as theoretical and empirical ways of obtaining scientific knowledge in a pedagogical context.
Research results. the relevance of the problem was proven; the need to develop tools for developing professional intellectual abilities of future officers; provisions on the effectiveness of pedagogical conditions; the structure of professional intellectual abilities of a future officer and the essence of the pedagogical program for their development were revealed; scientific ideas about the modern educational environment as a factor in the development of professional intellectual abilities of future officers were expanded.
Scope of application of the results. The scientific results of the work formed the basis for the development of the module «Development of professional intellectual abilities of an officer of the Russian Guard»; served as a scientific and methodological basis for clarifying the results obtained under the main educational program «Legal Support of National Security», «Translation and Translation Studies», «Military-Political Work».
PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTELLIGENCE AND LEGAL EDUCATION IN THE DIGITAL REALITY: RISKS AND VALUES
Authors: Naumov Petr Y. , Zakhartsev Sergey I.
Published: October 2024

Background. The work examines the phenomenon of intelligence from the point of view of its functioning within the framework of university legal education and in conditions of imbalance of social structures, as well as the formation and functioning of modern risks.
Materials and methods. The leading hypothesis of the work is that intelligence as a syncretic subjective-personal quality allows one to transmit the values of the legal profession in the educational process of educational organizations of higher education, which allows one to carry out legal activities in practice in a high-quality and morally oriented manner. The study is based on a risk-oriented approach, systemic, axiological and functional analyses.
Discussions. Information, digital and global network processes occurring in modern society objectify unprecedented challenges and threats to humanity, lead to the erosion of traditional values, their replacement by utilitarian interests and the multiculturalization of public consciousness. Legal education as a phenomenon, process and result is designed to provide the public, private and public sectors with specialists in the field of law who are the pillar of law and order, create a comfortable and equal operating environment, talentedly implement law-making functions and protect the rights and legitimate interests of citizens. Digitalization and informatization, as well as trends in imposing the needs and interests of the global «consumer society», have not bypassed the legal profession, which also affects the content of legal education.
Results. In such conditions, intelligence as an active phenomenon acts as an intellectual-emotional and value-semantic quality that can unite the educational process, consolidate disparate social subjects, support the transmission of good social aspirations, and also orient legal education towards creative, humanistic, intellectual and active ones. and social-constructive functions. The formation and development of intelligence within the framework of legal education allows us to form a domestic legal tradition and resist global ideological and legal expansion on the part of globalists and supporters of the «consumer society». The intelligentsia, as a purely domestic cultural phenomenon, acts as a social group and authority that is capable and ready to take responsibility for the value-semantic development of society and the preservation of traditional Russian values.
Modern technologies of teaching a foreign language in the system of higher foreign language education
Authors: Dmitrenko Tat'yana
Published: October 2024

The textbook is devoted to the consideration of modern technologies of teaching foreign languages in the context of updating language education in higher education. Modern innovative technologies of teaching foreign languages are presented, contributing to the intensification of the educational process and the activation of educational activities in foreign language classes.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is recommended for students studying for a master's degree in the field of training 44.04.01 "Pedagogical education" (profile "Foreign language"), future specialists in the field of intercultural communications.
Strategy Theory Using Analogy: Rationale, Tools and Examples
Authors: Carroll Glenn R. , Sørensen Jesper B.
Published: October 2024

We discuss why analogical reasoning is widely used in strategy formulation, implementation, and evaluation despite its assessment by many logicians as a weak form of logical argumentation. Given this popularity, we consider how analogies might be used to assist in strategic decision making to develop better strategy arguments, including those consistent with the theory-based view of strategy. We develop an extended analogy between the online platforms Tripadvisor and Glassdoor to illustrate our main points. We also describe in steps how to build and evaluate strategy analogies and we suggest why working with analogies may be helpful to those practicing the theory-based view of strategy.
CPD: Is myopia the consequence of our lifestyles?
Authors: Nagra Manbir , Vlasak Natalia
Published: October 2024

Dr Manbir Nagra and Dr Natalia Vlasak assess the role that lifestyle plays in the incidence of myopia (C106405, suitable for logging as one provider-led distance learning CPD point for optometrists and dispensing opticians)
GOC contact lens consultation launches
Authors: Patchett Lucy
Published: October 2024

The GOC opened a consultation, which aimed to update its position on verification of contact lens specifications. Lucy Patchett reports
CPD: Vision research at Aston University
Authors: Clarkson Douglas
Published: October 2024

Dr Douglas Clarkson provides a brief overview of the wide ranging research activity within vision science at Aston University (C???, suitable for logging as one provider-led distance learning CPD point for optometrists and dispensing opticians)
CPD: Are home-based convergence exercises an effective form of treatment for convergence insufficiency?
Authors: Sooriyakumaran Mathury
Published: October 2024

Mathury Sooriyakumaran evaluate the effectiveness of home-based convergence exercises against office-based vision therapy or placebo treatment. This is an edited version of the 2021 City University/Optician Best Dissertation prize-winner (C106042, suitable for logging as one distance learning CPD point for optometrists and dispensing opticians)
Designing a vision of the future
Authors: McCarthy-McClean Andrew
Published: October 2024

Andrew McCarthy-McClean explores how ophthalmic lens companies are using AI in research and development
Taking the temperature
Authors: Baker David
Published: October 2024

David Baker traces the optical life of James Ayscough
How to use microaffirmations to build inclusion
Authors: Semple Maggie
Published: October 2024

Maggie Semple explains how small gestures can make people feel welcome
E-health initiative brings in new members
Authors: Jones Simon
Published: October 2024

Optical Suppliers Association autumn meeting focused on technology standardisation to deliver better patient outcomes. Simon Jones reports
What is the willingness to pay for soft toric contact lenses?
Authors: Morgan Ashton , Whitehead John , Morgan Philip
Published: October 2024

Ashton Morgan, John Whitehead and Philip Morgan report on a recently published peer review paper in Contact Lens and Anterior Eye by the same authors that presents an economic analysis of the benefits of soft toric contact lenses 1
Winter trends
Authors: Cosby Zoe
Published: October 2024

The end of autumn and the arrival of winter is always a little bittersweet. But the passing of the seasons gives order to our busy lives, provides a necessary rhythm, and, of course, it's always reassuring to know that spring is moving closer on the seasonal carousel. Winter is the season of coats, colds and Christmas. With that in mind, check out the picks that are catching my eye and softening the blustery blow of the season.
Diary of a spectacle designer
Authors: Davies Tom
Published: October 2024

Tom Davies reflects on the year in eyewear
Myopia management in practice
Authors: Latham Nicky , Sethi Wendy , McArthur Craig
Published: October 2024

Nicky Latham of CooperVision outlines her vision for the future of myopia management, while Wendy Sethi and Craig McArthur share some practical guidance to help achieve success in practice
Truth or myth
Authors: Wong Stephanie
Published: October 2024

This month, in our series looking at common myths concerning contact lenses, Stephanie Wong xxxx
Time in the garden
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: October 2024

Adam Bernstein explains how to manage the departure of employees from optical practices
Drivers concerned about glaringly obvious issue
Authors: McCarthy-McCarthy Andrew
Published: October 2024

Andrew McCarthy-McCarthy reports on the RAC's survey about how dazzling headlights affect vision
CPD: Counterfeit contact lenses
Authors: McDonnell Claire
Published: October 2024

Claire McDonnell explores the known pitfalls of buying counterfeit contact lenses, often bought online, and what can be done about them.
How it works: Lasers
Authors: Clarkson Douglas
Published: October 2024

Dr Douglas Clarkson discusses the basics of lasers and their application within ophthalmology
Are you convincing?
Authors: Morris Paul
Published: October 2024

Paul Morris considers the chance of making eye care an election issue
Communication gap identified in macular research
Authors: McCarthy-McClean Andrew
Published: October 2024

Andrew McCarthy-McClean reports on patient and ECP surveys carried out by the Macular Society
Tackling toxicity
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: October 2024

Adam Bernstein delves into toxic workplaces and employees
Independent thinking
Authors: Samuel David
Published: October 2024

David Samuel travels to Telford to report from the annual SightCare conference
CPD: Improving practice communication 4
Authors: Anderson Fiona
Published: October 2024

This fourth article by Fiona Anderson discusses the different marketing mediums, laws and regulations that apply to adverts and online behaviour
CPD: An introduction to low vision
Authors: Smith Gillian
Published: October 2024

Gillian Smith highlights the underestimated impact of vision loss experienced by patients and the available benefits of certification and registration for a Certificate of Visual Impairment
AI study alleviates screening burden
Authors: McCarthy-McClean Andrew
Published: October 2024

Andrew McCarthy-McClean reports on the potential of AI to improve screening in eye care
Establishing a consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of Demodex blepharitis
Authors: Sharma Nikhil , Martin Eilidh
Published: October 2024

As part of our research spotlight series, which aims to highlight interesting pieces of optometry related research, Drs Nikhil Sharma and Eilidh Martin describe findings from a recently published Delphi study which sought to establish consensus on best practice for the diagnosis and treatment of Demodex blepharitis
Truth or myth
Authors: Moezzi Amir , Ruston David
Published: October 2024

This month, in our series looking at common myths concerning contact lenses, Dr Amir Moezzi and David Ruston daily disposables
No compromises as Gen S ushers in new photochromic lens era
Authors: Jones Simon
Published: October 2024

Simon Jones reports from the Transitions Academy 2024 in Orlando, where a new launch stole the show
Exercise's influence on performance
Authors: Shaw Brandon S
Published: October 2024

As part of a new series which aims to highlight interesting pieces of optometry related research, Professor Brandon Shaw describes findings from his recently published study which evaluated the impact of exercise on aspects of visual performance
CPD: Setting a new standard of care for driving patients
Authors: Creighton-Sims Eluned ‘Lil’
Published: October 2024

Eluned Creighton-Sims looks at the global variance in driving vision standards and that using more visual testing methods is related to improved driver safety
Tomorrow brought into focus
Authors: Dutta Debarun
Published: October 2024

Dr Debarun Dutta provides highlights from the recent Optometry Tomorrow conference incorporating BCLA Focus 2024 held as inperson event, after two years, in Telford International Centre April 28-29, 2024
CPD: Exploring ophthalmic lens properties
Authors: Hickton Mark
Published: October 2024

Mark Hickton explains why critical thinking is essential when comparing the optical properties of spectacle lenses
Things can only get better
Authors: Morris Paul
Published: October 2024

Paul Morris asks whether more can be done to maintain drop adherence
Specsavers manifesto tackles postcode lottery
Authors: McCarthy-McClean Andrew
Published: October 2024

Andrew McCarthy-McClean explores the multiple's election suggestions to improve patient care
CPD: Navigating the glare
Authors: Gutsell Kevin
Published: October 2024

Kevin Gutsell considers the visual challenges faced by modern drivers and discusses some of the available lens designs and coatings
Packing them in
Authors: Hale Mike
Published: October 2024

Mike Hale reports from the London edition of Specsavers' MiniPac 2024 conferences
CPD: The ocular sequelae of eyelash and eyebrow fashions
Authors: McDonnell Claire
Published: October 2024

Claire McDonnell explains why keeping up with the latest eyelash and eyebrow fashions might be of relevance to eye care practitioners
On the frontline 6
Authors: Douglass Tony
Published: October 2024

Tony Douglass looks in detail at the vital role of optical assistants in the patient journey
Getting the most from urine and sediment analysis
Authors: McGrotty Yvonne
Published: October 2024

Urine sediment examination is an integral part of urinalysis which is frequently overlooked as it can be time consuming and requires a functional microscope, a centrifuge and staff with both the time and expertise to perform the exam. Sediment examination allows the operator to identify crystals, casts, cells and bacteria in a urine sample. Failure to perform sediment examination promptly can lead to ageing artefacts which may negatively affect case management. Examination of the urine sediment should ideally be performed within 1–2 hours of urine collection.
Protocol for a prospective randomized trial of surgical versus conservative management for unstable fractures of the distal radius in patients aged 65 years and older
Authors: Bell Katrina R. , Oliver William M. , White Timothy O. , Molyneux Samuel G. , Graham Catriona , Clement Nick D. , Duckworth Andrew D.
Published: October 2024

Aims

The primary aim of this study is to quantify and compare outcomes following a dorsally displaced fracture of the distal radius in elderly patients (aged ≥ 65 years) who are managed conservatively versus with surgical fixation (open reduction and internal fixation). Secondary aims are to assess and compare upper limb-specific function, health-related quality of life, wrist pain, complications, grip strength, range of motion, radiological parameters, healthcare resource use, and cost-effectiveness between the groups.

Methods

A prospectively registered (ISRCTN95922938) randomized parallel group trial will be conducted. Elderly patients meeting the inclusion criteria with a dorsally displaced distal radius facture will be randomized (1:1 ratio) to either conservative management (cast without further manipulation) or surgery. Patients will be assessed at six, 12, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks post intervention. The primary outcome measure and endpoint will be the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) at 52 weeks. In addition, the abbreviated version of the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (QuickDASH), EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire, pain score (visual analogue scale 1 to 10), complications, grip strength (dynamometer), range of motion (goniometer), and radiological assessments will be undertaken. A cost-utility analysis will be performed to assess the cost-effectiveness of surgery. We aim to recruit 89 subjects per arm (total sample size 178).

Discussion

The results of this study will help guide treatment of dorsally displaced distal radial fractures in the elderly and assess whether surgery offers functional benefit to patients. This is an important finding, as the number of elderly distal radial fractures is estimated to increase in the future due to the ageing population. Evidence-based management strategies are therefore required to ensure the best outcome for the patient and to optimize the use of increasingly scarce healthcare resources.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(10):920–928.
PRÁTICAS DE ECOINOVAÇÃO COMO FATOR DE DESEMPENHO EMPRESARIAL
Authors: Aragão de França Cilene , Meireles Martins Cyntia , Athayde Moreira Marcia , Quites Reis Rodrigo
Published: October 2024

O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi analisar as práticas de ecoinovação realizadas pelas organizações localizadas no Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia Guamá, em Belém do Pará e sua relação com o desempenho. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de  uma survey,o questionário foi aplicado de forma eletrônica, seus resultados foram analisados com  análise fatorial e regressão  os quais evidenciaram que as práticas realizadas são as criações de produtos recicláveis, redução no consumo de energia, água e treinamento  ambiental. A análise da regressão múltipla mostra que entre os fatores, o que mais tem relação com o desempenho são treinamento ambiental e diminuição do consumo de materiais nocivos no processo de produção. Os resultados apontam que esta pesquisa se adiciona ao corpo teórico já existente sobre ecoinovação, identificando que o treinamento ambiental e diminuição de materiais nocivos no processo de produção são um fator relevante, que incentiva as práticas de ecoinovação  e impacta em seu desempenho, seu diferencial reside em sua análise ser realizada no contexto de um território de gestão de inovações.
Stand growth and carbon stocks of community-based mangrove rehabilitation in Singkawang City, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: ASTIANI DWI , ROSLINDA EMI , WIDIASTUTI TRI , EKAMAWANTI HANNA ARTUTI , EKYASTUTI WIWIK , DWIANTO WAHYU , ALFIKRI FARIH , NGIDU EUFEMIA Y.
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Astiani D, Roslinda E, Widiastuti T, Ekamawanti HA, Ekyastuti W, Dwianto W, Alfikri F, Ngidu EY. 2024. Stand growth and carbon stocks of community-based mangrove rehabilitation in Singkawang City, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2799-2805. The ability of tropical mangrove ecosystems to store carbon in the form of biomass is well-founded. The mangrove forest in Setapuk Besar Village, Singkawang City, West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia has been managed by community members in response to the development of alluvial sediment land in recent years. The community's efforts in Setapuk Besar Village to rehabilitate and manage mangrove forests illustrate how essential mangrove forests are to the local ecology and should be applauded for their success. This study aims to investigate the growth and development, carbon stored and sequestered in mangrove forests planted by community in Setapuk Besar between 2015 and 2020. Field survey was conducted from July to November 2022 by mapping the sediment land that had expanded since 2015 and continued with the measurement of density and diameter of mangrove stands that were systematically planted in each planting year using sampling plot method. In addition, site factors such as pH, carbon content, nitrogen, phosphorus, CEC, and soil solution salinity were investigated. Our findings indicate that due to alluvial sedimentation, the coastline in Setapuk village is expanding by 3.3 to 4.6 ha annually, accumulating 24 ha throughout a six-year period. The mangroves planted in 2015-2016 are now thriving on the new land. The six-year-old trees diameter achieved an average of 6.80±0.13 cm, averaged 5.1 m in height, and increased from 0.45 to 2.2 cm in diameter. The total biomass (above and below-ground) of plants aged 4, 5 and 6 years was 250, 303 and 430 tons ha-1, with a potential to absorb carbon of 28-33 tons ha-1 year-1, correspondingly. Given that this mangrove area plays a crucial role in CO2 capture in nature and has a relatively high ability to absorb and store carbon, conservation efforts and best practices are necessary for this forest.
Morphology of arthropods discovered in pitchers of Nepenthes at Aceh Singkil District, Indonesia
Authors: TARIGAN MHD. RAFI’I MA’ARIF , FAISAL MUHAMMAD , MANALU KARTIKA , KHAIRUNA KHAIRUNA , TAMBUNAN EFRIDA PIMA SARI , RAHMADINA RAHMADINA , ASY’ARI HUMAIROH , RITONGA YUSRAN EFENDI
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Tarigan MRM, Faisal M, Manalu K, Khairuna, Tambunan EPS, Rahmadina, Asy’ari H, Ritonga YE. 2024. Morphology of arthropods discovered in pitchers of Nepenthes at Aceh Singkil District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2888-2900. Nepenthes plants create unique microhabitats and are home to diverse arthropod communities. These plants, known for their complex and specialized structures, attract various species of arthropods and contribute to the region's biodiversity. The study of arthropod morphology is critical to understanding the complex interactions within these microhabitats as well as broader ecosystem dynamics. Although this plant has great ecological importance and conservation significance, detailed morphological studies of the arthropods living on it are still rare. This study aimed to identify the families of arthropods trapped in the upper and lower pitchers of Nepenthes. This study used descriptive methods to reveal the morphology of arthropods found in Nepenthes pitchers in Aceh Singkil District, Indonesia. Arthropods were obtained from the upper and lower pitchers of N. ampullaria, N. gracilis, N. mirabilis, N. rafflesiana, N. reinwardtiana, N. x hookeriana, and N. x trichocarpa. Samples were obtained through direct observations conducted between October to December 2023. The results showed the presence of arthropod families, namely Culicidae, Formicidae, Gryllidae, Calliphoridae, Coccinellidae, Curculionidae, Rhyaparochromidae, Blattellidae, Salticidae, and Araneidae. However, Culicidae and Formicidae were observed to be the most abundant and Gryllidae was observed to be the least abundant. A mutualistic symbiosis was established, in which ants used the tendrils of Nepenthes to lay eggs and collected nectar generated by the honey glands, while the egg-laying process helped in the breakdown of the pitcher. This discovery suggests that the plants provided a habitat for Culicidae and a conducive environment for Formicidae larvae. However, Araneidae, Rhyparochromidae, Salticidae, Curculionidae, and Coccinellidae are not attracted to petals and peristomes. Gryllidae and Blattellidae were present in Nepenthes pitchers as a result of their close association with the plant and UV color-trapping mechanism. The study of the morphology of arthropods found in Nepenthes pitchers has several overall implications. First, it contributes to our understanding of ecological interactions in Nepenthes plants, providing insight into predator-prey dynamics, nutrient cycling, and plant evolution. Second, it underscores the importance of Nepenthes plants as a microhabitat that supports diverse arthropod communities, and highlights the ecological role of arthropods in nutrient-poor environments. This research also informs conservation efforts, emphasizing the need to protect Nepenthes plant habitat to maintain biodiversity.
Genetic diversity and population structure of Philippine strawberry germplasm based on genome-wide simple sequence repeat markers
Authors: ELEC VENUS H. , CADORNA CHARLES ANTHON E. , TAD-AWAN BELINDA A. , BASQUIAL DARWIN A. , DUMASLAN MILAGROS R. , REY JESSICA D.
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Elec VH, Cadorna CAE, Tad-Awan BA, Basquial DA, Dumaslan MR, Rey JD. 2024. Genetic diversity and population structure of Philippine strawberry germplasm based on genome-wide simple sequence repeat markers. Biodiversitas 25: 2969-2979. Strawberry is a globally recognized fruit due to its health benefits and economic significance. Determining the level of genetic diversity and the relationship between germplasm resources involved in the breeding program is critical for effective crop improvement strategies. This study used 197 Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of 24 strawberry  germplasm  from  the Benguet State University (BSU) collection. In this study, 70% of the markers used were polymorphic with reproducible fragments. A total of 792 alleles were detected, with an average of six per marker. The diversity indices indicated an intermediate level of diversity among the germplasm based on the Jaccard coefficient. Results from cluster analysis generated three groups, separating the Red Milky Way and Summer Princess cultivars from the rest of the germplasm evaluated, while a third cluster was further divided into six subgroups. Furthermore, identified clustering patterns of the evaluated genotypes showed independence from the region of origin, coinciding with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and population structure analysis results. This study reveals the genetic diversity level and population structure of the strawberry cultivars in the Philippines using SSR markers, facilitating accurate identification and informed parental selection for breeding objectives.
Effectiveness of using the trap barrier system to control rats in palm oil plantations
Authors: EFRIANSYAH EFRIANSYAH , PRIYAMBODO SWASTIKO , HINDAYANA DADAN
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Efriansyah, Priyambodo S, Hindayana D. 2024. Effectiveness of using the trap barrier system to control rats in palm oil plantations. Biodiversitas 25: 2993-2998. Oil palm is one of the plantation crops that is the largest contributor to the country's income; increased market demand affects palm oil production, which continues to increase. Rats are among the most important pests in oil palm plantations because of their diverse habitats, large populations, and easy breeding. One of the mechanical control concepts that can be implemented is the Trap Barrier System (TBS) technique. This research method was implemented by installing a trap barrier between oil palm trees. This TBS research is divided into two methods. The first method used three treatments with three replications in the main plot, and there were three main plots. The second method used nine treatment sub-plots with three replications. The Ciliwung variety of rice was planted inside the TBS in a 3 m x 3 m plot. Field observations included the number of rats caught and the percentage of damage done at the trial's beginning and end. Species of rats found in oil palm plantations are Malaysian field rat (Rattus tiomanicus Miller, 1900), oriental house rat (Rattus tanezumi Temminck, 1845), and dan müller's giant sunda rat (Sundamys muelleri Jentink, 1879). The S. muelleri was the most frequently caught species in each block and method. TBS placement does not need to pay attention to the initial severity of the block. Providing additional bait in traps can increase the attraction of rats to TBS. The extent and intensity of attacks and yield losses in each block with TBS treatment showed a greater reduction than in blocks without TBS.