bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Impact of Decis 2.5 EC on the Growth of Hippuris vulgaris
Authors: Gałczyńska Małgorzata , Swarcewicz Maria , Paździoch Waldemar , Lewandowska Teresa
Published: July 2016

The macrophyte biological index for rivers (IBMR) is the only method which describes eutrophication as well as organic pollution in a single index value. Presence of Hippuris vulgaris in water or lack thereof may affect the IBMR value. Potential effects of water pollution with Decis 2.5 EC containing deltamethrin in a water/sediment/plant system were the objectives of this research because this insecticide often occurs in soil and water as a contamination. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to answer the question of how Decis 2.5 EC as stress factor affects the growth of H. vulgaris, and determine the persistence of deltamethrin in the water/sediment/plant system. This study was conducted under different trophic levels during 18 wk in each of 3 consecutive years. The half‐life of deltamethrin in water was estimated in the test system. It was found that H. vulgaris demonstrated its ability to survive in the water/sediment environment contaminated with Decis 2.5 EC despite the inhibition of the plant's development. In the presence of insecticidal formulation, the plant's growth was much slower compared to control. The tolerance index ranged from 0.19 to 0.37 with the lower values obtained for the higher concentration of phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium. Long‐term studies of H. vulgaris grown under different trophic conditions indicate that despite the plant's ability to survive the contamination with Decis 2.5 EC, the timing of the macrophytes assessment is crucial to assess the occurrence and development of this plant and the ecological status of water.
Beyond the dollar: Influence of sociodemographic marginalization on surgical resection, adjuvant therapy, and survival in patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kagedan Daniel J. , Abraham Liza , Goyert Nik , Li Qing , Paszat Lawrence F. , Kiss Alexander , Earle Craig C. , Mittmann Nicole , Coburn Natalie G.
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND

The single‐payer universal health care system in Ontario, Canada creates a setting with reduced socioeconomic barriers to treatment. Herein, the authors sought to elucidate the influence of sociodemographic marginalization on receipt of pancreatectomy, overall survival (OS), and receipt of adjuvant treatment among patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer at the population level using an observational cohort study design.

METHODS

Patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in Ontario between January 2005 and January 2010 were identified using the provincial cancer registry and linked to administrative databases. Census data obtained from each patient's postal code were used as a proxy for that patient's median income, residential instability, material deprivation, ethnic concentration, and dependency (percentage aged <15 years, aged >65 years, and unemployed). Surgical specimen pathology reports were abstracted for histopathology and margin status. Independent predictors of undergoing pancreatectomy, OS after surgical resection, and receipt of adjuvant treatment were identified by logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards analysis.

RESULTS

Of the 6296 patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, 820 (13%) underwent resection of their tumor. Increasing levels of residential instability (odds ratio [OR], 0.86; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.80‐0.94) and material deprivation (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.79‐0.94) predicted a decreased likelihood of undergoing surgical resection. Patients living in rural areas (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.51‐0.91) and those living in urban areas with lower incomes (OR range, 0.49‐0.77) were found to have a lower likelihood of undergoing surgical resection compared with patients in the urban areas with the highest income. After surgical resection, an association between sociodemographic marginalization with OS or receipt of adjuvant treatment was not identified.

CONCLUSIONS

Sociodemographic marginalization exerts its influence early in the pancreatic cancer care continuum, and appears to be associated more with which patients undergo surgical resection than the receipt of adjuvant treatment. Cancer 2016;122:3175–82. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Carbon Dioxide Transformation in Imidazolium Salts: Hydroaminomethylation Catalyzed by Ru‐Complexes
Authors: Ali Meher , Gual Aitor , Ebeling Gunter , Dupont Jairton
Published: July 2016

The catalytic species generated by dissolving Ru3(CO)12 in the ionic liquids 1‐n‐butyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium chloride or 1‐n‐butyl‐2,3‐dimethyl‐imidazolium chloride are efficient multifunctional catalysts for: (a) reverse water–gas shift, (b) hydroformylation of alkenes, and (c) reductive amination of aldehydes. Thus the reaction of alkenes with primary or secondary amines (alkene/amine, 1:1) under CO2/H2 (1:1) affords the hydroaminomethylations products in high alkene conversions (up to 99 %) and selectivities (up to 96 %). The reaction proceeds under relatively mild reaction conditions (120 °C, 60 bar=6 MPa) and affords selectively secondary and tertiary amines. The presence of amine strongly reduces the alkene hydrogenation competitive pathway usually observed in the hydroformylation of terminal alkenes by Ru complexes. The catalytic system is also highly active for the reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones yielding amines in high yields (>90 %).
Extramammary paget's disease mimicking localized malignancy on cervical cytology
Authors: Davis Georgina , Anderson Lyndal , Pather Selvan
Published: July 2016

A case of Extramammary Paget's Disease (EMPD) involving the cervix mimicking cervical carcinoma on routine cervical cytology in a 66‐year‐old woman with a history of recurrent multifocal EMPD involving the vulva, perineum, perianal area, and rectum is reported. The patient had undergone multiple excisions and reconstructions of EMPD, however, had a benign cervical smear history and reported no vaginal bleeding. The conventional papanicolaou smear was reported as concerning for carcinoma with abundant, well preserved material illustrating highly atypical cells with anisonucleosis and dense cytoplasm and focal microacini. Gross anatomical distortion from EMPD and previous surgery precluded satisfactory outpatient colposcopic assessment. Examination under anesthesia was performed and colposcopy revealed a four quadrant high grade lesion extending into the vagina with one area suspicious for malignancy on the cervix. Directed biopsies were taken and histopathology confirmed EMPD with diffuse adenocarcinoma in situ cells infiltrating skin and mucosa of all specimens. These large pale cells were seen both a singly and in clusters of nests within the mucosa. Periodic Acid Schiff staining was positive for intracytoplasmic mucin and supportive immunohistochemistry was performed with strong reactivity in atypical cells for CK7, CEA, and Cam 5.2. There was no evidence of invasive malignancy and the patient remains under clinical surveillance. Cervical EMPD is rare but should be considered in women with abnormal cervical cytology and a history of vulval EMPD. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:931–934. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mycorrhizal fungi and roots are complementary in foraging within nutrient patches
Authors: Cheng Lei , Chen Weile , Adams Thomas S. , Wei Xing , Li Le , McCormack Michael Luke , DeForest Jared L. , Koide Roger T. , Eissenstat David M.
Published: July 2016

The roots of the majority of tree species are associated with either arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi. The absorptive roots of tree species also vary widely in their diameter. The linkages between root thickness, mycorrhiza type and nutrient foraging are poorly understood. We conducted a large root ingrowth experiment in the field to investigate how absorptive roots of varying thickness and their associated fungi (AM vs. EM) exploit different nutrient patches (inorganic and organic) in a common garden. In nutrient‐rich patches, thin‐root tree species more effectively proliferated absorptive roots than thick‐root tree species, whereas thick‐root tree species proliferated more mycorrhizal fungal biomass than thin‐root tree species. Moreover, nutrient patches enriched with organic materials resulted in greater root and mycorrhizal fungal proliferation compared to those enriched with inorganic nutrients. Irrespective of root morphology, AM tree species had higher root foraging precision than mycorrhizal hyphae foraging precision within organic patches, whereas EM tree species exhibited the opposite. Our findings that roots and mycorrhizal fungi are complementary in foraging within nutrient patches provide new insights into species coexistence and element cycling in terrestrial ecosystems.
Litter quality mediated nitrogen effect on plant litter decomposition regardless of soil fauna presence
Authors: Zhang Weidong , Chao Lin , Yang Qingpeng , Wang Qingkui , Fang Yunting , Wang Silong
Published: July 2016

Nitrogen addition has been shown to affect plant litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems. The way that nitrogen deposition impacts the relationship between plant litter decomposition and altered soil nitrogen availability is unclear, however. This study examined 18 co‐occurring litter types in a subtropical forest in China in terms of their decomposition (1 yr of exposure in the field) with nitrogen addition treatment (0, 0.4, 1.6, and 4.0 mol·N·m−2·yr−1) and soil fauna exclusion (litter bags with 0.1 and 2 cm mesh size). Results showed that the plant litter decomposition rate is significantly reduced because of nitrogen addition; the strength of the nitrogen addition effect is closely related to the nitrogen addition levels. Plant litters with diverse quality responded to nitrogen addition differently. When soil fauna was present, the nitrogen addition effect on medium‐quality or high‐quality plant litter decomposition rate was −26% ± 5% and −29% ± 4%, respectively; these values are significantly higher than that of low‐quality plant litter decomposition. The pattern is similar when soil fauna is absent. In general, the plant litter decomposition rate is decreased by soil fauna exclusion; an average inhibition of −17% ± 1.5% was exhibited across nitrogen addition treatment and litter quality groups. However, this effect is weakly related to nitrogen addition treatment and plant litter quality. We conclude that the variations in plant litter quality, nitrogen deposition, and soil fauna are important factors of decomposition and nutrient cycling in a subtropical forest ecosystem.
Spring temperatures influence selection on breeding date and the potential for phenological mismatch in a migratory bird
Authors: Bowers E. Keith , Grindstaff Jennifer L. , Soukup Sheryl Swartz , Drilling Nancy E. , Eckerle Kevin P. , Sakaluk Scott K. , Thompson Charles F.
Published: July 2016

Climate change has affected the seasonal phenology of a variety of taxa, including that of migratory birds and their critical food resources. However, whether climate‐induced changes in breeding phenology affect individual fitness, and how these changes might therefore influence selection on breeding date remain unresolved. Here, we use a 36‐yr dataset from a long‐term, individual‐based study of House Wrens (Troglodytes aedon) to test whether the timing of avian breeding seasons is associated with annual changes in temperature, which have increased to a small but significant extent locally since the onset of the study in 1980. Increasing temperature was associated with an advancement of breeding date in the population, as the onset of breeding within years was closely associated with daily spring temperatures. Warmer springs were also associated with a reduced incubation period, but reduced incubation periods were associated with a prolonged duration of nestling provisioning. Nest productivity, in terms of fledgling production, was not associated with temperature, but wetter springs reduced fledging success. Most years were characterized by selection for earlier breeding, but cool and wet years resulted in stabilizing selection on breeding date. Our results indicate that climate change and increasing spring temperatures can affect suites of life‐history traits, including selection on breeding date. Increasing temperatures may favor earlier breeding, but the extent to which the phenology of populations might advance may be constrained by reductions in fitness associated with early breeding during cool, wet years. Variability in climatic conditions will, therefore, shape the extent to which seasonal organisms can respond to changes in their environment.
Mono‐ and Dinuclear Rare‐Earth Chlorides Ligated by a Mesityl‐Substituted β‐Diketiminate
Authors: Klementyeva Svetlana V. , Afonin Mikhail Yu. , Bogomyakov Artem S. , Gamer Michael T. , Roesky Peter W. , Konchenko Sergey N.
Published: July 2016

The metathesis reaction of anhydrous LnCl3 (Ln = Y, Dy, Er, Sm, Yb) with the potassium salt KL [L = 2,4,6‐Me3C6H2‐NC(Me)CHC(Me)N‐2,4,6‐Me3C6H2], a mesityl‐substituted β‐diketiminate, is described. Dinuclear complexes with an unusual triple chlorido bridge in the molecule [LClLn(µ‐Cl)3LnL(THF)] [Ln = Y (1a) and Dy (1b)] were obtained by recrystallization from a mixture of non‐polar solvents (toluene/n‐pentane) in low yield. In contrast, the crystallization in the presence of THF led to the isolation of mononuclear complexes [LLnCl2(THF)2] [Ln = Y (2a), Dy (2b), Er (2c), Sm (2d), Yb (2e)] in good yields. Compounds 1b and 2a–e were fully characterized, and the solid‐state structures of 1a,b and 2a–c were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The magnetic properties of 2b were studied in detail.
Adding to the Arsenal of Zirconium‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks: the Topology as a Platform for Solvent‐Assisted Metal Incorporation
Authors: Liu Tian‐Fu , Vermeulen Nicolaas A. , Howarth Ashlee J. , Li Peng , Sarjeant Amy A. , Hupp Joseph T. , Farha Omar K.
Published: July 2016

Gaining control over the assembly of mesoporous Zr‐based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with modifiable metal nodes remains a challenge. The the topology is intriguing, particularly if considering postsynthetic modification, as it presents large sodalite‐like cages surrounded by 12 interconnected 1D channels that allow for efficient diffusion of guest molecules throughout the structure. Herein, we demonstrate the first Zr MOF with the topology, NU‐1200, which was synthesized by controlling the geometry of the organic building unit. In addition, by using NU‐1200 as a platform, we perform solvent‐assisted metal incorporation to form single‐site metalated nodes, a process that is characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Comparing the lipogenic and cholesterolgenic effects of individual trans‐18:1 isomers in liver cells
Authors: Vahmani Payam , Meadus William J. , Duff Pascale , Rolland David C. , Dugan Michael E. R.
Published: July 2016

The present study compared the lipogenic/cholesterolgenic effects of t6‐, t9‐ (positive control), t10‐, t11‐, t13‐, t14‐, t15‐18:1, cis(c)9‐18:1 (cis control) or bovine serum albumin (BSA; negative control) in liver cells (HepG2). Fatty acids (100 μM) were complexed to BSA, and cells were incubated for 24 h. Two wells of cells were cultured per treatment per experiment, and the experiment was repeated three times (n = 6). The fatty acid treatments had no effect on cell viability compared to BSA. The content of triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl esters (CE) were increased (P < 0.05) when culturing with t6‐, t9‐, and t10‐18:1 compared to BSA control, but were not affected (P > 0.05) by other fatty acid treatments. Consistent with the effects on TG and CE, culturing cells with t6‐, t9‐, or t10‐18:1 upregulated expression of several genes involved in fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, and effects were most consistent for t6‐18:1. Esterification of t18:1 isomers into TG was 1.7‐fold greater when cells were cultured with t6‐, t9‐, and t10‐18:1 compared to t11‐, t13‐, t14‐, and t15‐18:1. The results from the present study indicate t6‐, t9‐, and t10‐18:1 induce lipogenic/cholesterolgenic gene expression resulting in increased cellular content of TG and CE, while t11‐, t13‐, t14‐, and t15‐18:1 responded similarly to c9‐18:1 and control treatments.

Practical application: Trans fatty acids have been associated with cardiovascular disease mainly through adverse effects on blood lipoprotein profiles. Several t18:1 isomers are found in foods, but studies on individual isomers have been mostly limited to t9‐ and t11‐18:1. The isomer specific effects of other t18:1 isomers have been limited because of their lack of commercial availability. To investigate the effects of individual t18:1 isomers, we isolated and purified several isomers from beef fat using silver‐ion chromatography techniques. We examined the effects of seven t18:1 isomers in liver cells on cellular triacylglycerol and cholesterol content, fatty acid composition, and expression of key genes involved in fatty acid and cholesterol syntheses. Our results indicate that the major t18:1 isomers found in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, and ruminant fats when feeding grain based diets (i.e., t6‐ to t10‐18:1) have more potent lipogenic/cholesterolgenic effects compared to isomers enriched in ruminant fats when feeding forage based diets (i.e., t11‐ to t15‐18:1).

The major trans(t)18:1 isomers found in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, and ruminant fats when feeding grain based diets (i.e., t6‐ to t10‐18:1) induced lipogenic/cholesterolgenic gene expression in liver cells resulting in increased cellular content of triacylglycerol and cholesteryl esters. In contrast, t‐18:1 isomers enriched in ruminant fats when feeding forage based diets (i.e., t11‐ to t15‐18:1) responded similarly to cis9‐18:1 and control treatments.
Influence of lipid composition on the oral bioavailability of cinnarizine sub‐microemulsions
Authors: Chen Yinrong , Li Xin , Wei Xudan , Gou Jingxin , Tang Xing , He Haibing , Xu Hui
Published: July 2016

The oral bioavailability of cinnarizine is usually limited by its poor solubility in the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, two kinds of cinnarizine sub‐microemulsions (SMEs) were prepared using medium (MCT) and long (LCT) chain triglycerides, respectively, and the effect of the lipid composition on the oral bioavailability of SMEs was investigated in terms of stability, in vitro lipolysis, in situ single‐pass intestinal perfusion, and in vivo pharmacokinetics. The SMEs increased cinnarizine stability in simulated gastrointestinal fluid and in vitro lipolysis products of LCT‐SMEs showed better cinnarizine solubilization capacity than that of MCT‐SMEs. In addition, the absorption rate (Ka) and the effective permeability coefficient (Peff) of LCT‐SMEs were significantly improved compared with MCT‐SMEs. The AUC0‐t value of LCT‐SMEs was 4132.6 ± 673.4 ng/mL · h, which was 1.94‐fold higher than that of the aqueous suspension. Moreover, the AUC0‐t value of LCT‐SMEs was also significantly greater than that of MCT‐SMEs (2490.7 ± 685.3 ng/mL · h), owing to the better drug solubilization capacity of the complex colloidal mixtures formed from digestion of LCT. Hence, LCT‐SMEs was successful in improving the oral bioavailability of cinnarizine and it was a superior drug vehicle for oral administration.

Practical applications: Owing to poor solubility of cinnarizine in the gastrointestinal tract, its commercially available dosage forms including tablets and capsules exhibit low oral bioavailability. Here we propose SMEs to improve oral bioavailability of cinnarizine. In addition, the influence of lipid composition on the oral absorption of SMEs was investigated, and LCT‐SMEs significantly increased the oral bioavailability of cinnarizine compared with MCT‐SMEs. So, in this study we show that LCT‐SMEs is a promising drug vehicle for oral administration of cinnarizine.

The colloidal structures generated from digested long chain triglycerides (LCT) have a better cinnarizine solubilisation ability than that generated from medium chain triglycerides (MCT) digestion, resulting in increased oral absorption for the LCT formulation compared with MCT.
Nickel(0)‐Catalyzed N‐Allylation of Amides and p‐Toluenesulfonamide with Allylic Alcohols under Neat and Neutral Conditions
Authors: Azizi Mohamed Salah , Edder Youssef , Karim Abdallah , Sauthier Mathieu
Published: July 2016

Nickel(0)‐catalyzed direct N‐allylation of amides and p‐toluenesulfonamide with allylic alcohols took place in the presence of Ni0–diphosphine complexes. The corresponding N‐allylated (and/or N,N‐diallylated) products were obtained in moderate to high yields under neutral conditions.
Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of 2,11‐Disila[3.3]metacyclophanes
Authors: Hayamizu Tomoo , Maeda Hajime , Ouchi Takashi , Kakiuchi Naoki , Mizuno Kazuhiko
Published: July 2016

Silyl‐tethered [3.3]metacyclophanes were prepared and subjected to conformational analysis. The results show that these compounds exist in unprecedentedanti‐rich metacyclophane forms. In the case of 2,2,11,11‐tetrasubstituted 2,11‐disila[3.3]metacyclophanes,anticonformers are lower in energy than theirsyncounterparts. Evidence for this assignment comes from the results of1H NMR spectroscopic and X‐ray crystallographic analyses, along with molecular orbital calculations. However, the 2,2,11,11‐tetrahydro derivative displays the opposite behavior, which means that thesynconformer is thermodynamically most stable. Thesyn/antiratios of these compounds in solution are governed by temperature and solvent polarity in a manner that can be explained by considering the mixed contributions of ΔΔGand dipole moments.
Should charge variants of monoclonal antibody therapeutics be considered critical quality attributes?
Authors: Singh Sumit Kumar , Narula Gunjan , Rathore Anurag S.
Published: July 2016

Charge variants, namely acidic and basic variants, are typically found in mAb therapeutics. Charge heterogeneity is typically not regarded to affect safety and efficacy of the product. As a result, the commonly followed approach involves assignment of a specification for the variants based on statistical analysis of variability in levels that is seen during commercial manufacturing. This is followed by monitoring of product quality to demonstrate consistency. This paper aims to demonstrate that this perception of charge variants warrants a more in‐depth investigation to evaluate the role charge variants play in safety and efficacy of a mAb therapeutic. In addition, a novel procedure has been suggested for making this assessment and alleviate the problems that are traditionally faced when isolating these variants for characterization. The suggested procedure utilizes the principles of bioseparations, cell biology, and statistics and it is demonstrated that this is significantly more efficient than the approach practiced today.
Enhanced model‐based design of a high‐throughput three dimensional micromixer driven by alternating‐current electrothermal flow
Authors: Wu Yupan , Ren Yukun , Jiang Hongyuan
Published: July 2016

We propose a 3D microfluidic mixer based on the alternating current electrothermal (ACET) flow. The ACET vortex is produced by 3D electrodes embedded in the sidewall of the microchannel and is used to stir the fluidic sample throughout the entire channel depth. An optimized geometrical structure of the proposed 3D micromixer device is obtained based on the enhanced theoretical model of ACET flow and natural convection. We quantitatively analyze the flow field driven by the ACET, and a pattern of electrothermal microvortex is visualized by the micro‐particle imaging velocimetry. Then, the mixing experiment is conducted using dye solutions with varying solution conductivities. Mixing efficiency can exceed 90% for electrolytes with 0.2 S/m (1 S/m) when the flow rate is 0.364 μL/min (0.728 μL/min) and the imposed peak‐to‐peak voltage is 52.5 V (35 V). A critical analysis of our micromixer in comparison with different mixer designs using a comparative mixing index is also performed. The ACET micromixer embedded with sidewall 3D electrodes can achieve a highly effective mixing performance and can generate high throughput in the continuous‐flow condition.
Decolorizing an anthraquinone dye by Phlebia brevispora: Intra‐species characterization
Authors: Lee Aslan Hwanhwi , Jang Yeongseon , Kim Gyu‐Hyeok , Kim Jae‐Jin , Lee Sung‐Suk , Ahn Byoung‐Jun
Published: July 2016

Remazol brilliant blue R (RBBR) is an anthraquinone dye derived from anthracene that is decolorized by a white rot fungus, Phlebia brevispora. Interestingly, P. brevispora produces two phenomena of yellowish and pinkish colors during the degradation of RBBR. Here, we characterized the decolorization of RBBR by P. brevispora. The fungus was significantly different between the two colors via UV spectrophotometry, and the morphology of the hyphae observed in the respective color culture was also entirely different. Moreover, both of the two ligninolytic enzymes, laccase and manganese‐dependent peroxidase (MnP), were remarkably stimulated in the yellowish culture at the beginning of the decolorization. It is possible that the RBBR decolorizing mechanism might be primarily related to the amount of laccase and MnP produced in the yellowish culture. Thus, the decolorized color may be rapidly estimated at initial period of incubation. In addition, GeneFishing technology revealed that two genes were differentially expressed in yellowish culture.
Organophosphate ester flame retardant concentrations and distributions in serum from inhabitants of Shandong, China, and changes between 2011 and 2015
Authors: Ma Yulong , Jin Jun , Li Peng , Xu Meng , Sun Yiming , Wang Ying , Yuan Haodong
Published: July 2016

The production and use of brominated flame retardants have been increasingly restricted. Organophosphate esters (OPEs) have been widely used as substitutes for brominated flame retardants. However, little is yet known about human exposure to OPEs. The potential health risks posed by OPEs were assessed by determining the concentrations of 6 OPEs in pooled serum samples from residents of Shandong, China. The mean ∑6OPE concentrations in 2011 and 2015 were 680 ng/g lipid and 709 ng/g lipid, respectively. The most abundant OPE was tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, contributing a mean of 82% of the ∑6OPE concentration. A significant correlation was found between the tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate and tri-n-butylphosphate concentrations, possibly indicating that these OPEs are used in similar applications and have similar human exposure pathways in the study area. The mean tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate concentration increased from 536 ng/g lipid in 2011 to 605 ng/g lipid in 2015, but the concentrations of tri-n-butylphosphate, triphenyl phosphate, and tris(methylphenyl) esters decreased between 2011 and 2015. This could indicate that chlorinated OPEs bioaccumulate in humans more strongly than nonchlorinated OPEs do. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:414–421. © 2016 SETAC
Targeting cancer stem‐like cells in glioblastoma and colorectal cancer through metabolic pathways
Authors: Kahlert U.D. , Mooney S.M. , Natsumeda M. , Steiger H.‐J. , Maciaczyk J.
Published: July 2016

Cancer stem‐like cells (CSCs) are thought to be the main cause of tumor occurrence, progression and therapeutic resistance. Strong research efforts in the last decade have led to the development of several tailored approaches to target CSCs with some very promising clinical trials underway; however, until now no anti‐CSC therapy has been approved for clinical use. Given the recent improvement in our understanding of how onco‐proteins can manipulate cellular metabolic networks to promote tumorigenesis, cancer metabolism research may well lead to innovative strategies to identify novel regulators and downstream mediators of CSC maintenance. Interfering with distinct stages of CSC‐associated metabolics may elucidate novel, more efficient strategies to target this highly malignant cell population. Here recent discoveries regarding the metabolic properties attributed to CSCs in glioblastoma (GBM) and malignant colorectal cancer (CRC) were summarized. The association between stem cell markers, the response to hypoxia and other environmental stresses including therapeutic insults as well as developmentally conserved signaling pathways with alterations in cellular bioenergetic networks were also discussed. The recent developments in metabolic imaging to identify CSCs were also summarized. This summary should comprehensively update basic and clinical scientists on the metabolic traits of CSCs in GBM and malignant CRC.
Mammographic density is the main correlate of tumors detected on ultrasound but not on mammography
Authors: Häberle Lothar , Fasching Peter A. , Brehm Barbara , Heusinger Katharina , Jud Sebastian M. , Loehberg Christian R. , Hack Carolin C. , Preuss Caroline , Lux Michael P. , Hartmann Arndt , Vachon Celine M. , Meier‐Meitinger Martina , Uder Michael , Beckmann Matthias W. , Schulz‐Wendtland Rüdiger
Published: July 2016

Although mammography screening programs do not include ultrasound examinations, some diagnostic units do provide women with both mammography and ultrasonography. This article is concerned with estimating the risk of a breast cancer patient diagnosed in a hospital‐based mammography unit having a tumor that is visible on ultrasound but not on mammography. A total of 1,399 women with invasive breast cancer from a hospital‐based diagnostic mammography unit were included in this retrospective study. For inclusion, mammograms from the time of the primary diagnosis had to be available for computer‐assisted assessment of percentage mammographic density (PMD), as well as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRADS) assessment of mammography. In addition, ultrasound findings were available for the complete cohort as part of routine diagnostic procedures, regardless of any patient or imaging characteristics. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of mammography failure, defined as BIRADS assessment 1 or 2. The probability that the visibility of a tumor might be masked at diagnosis was estimated using a regression model with the identified predictors. Tumors were only visible on ultrasound in 107 cases (7.6%). PMD was the strongest predictor for mammography failure, but age, body mass index and previous breast surgery also influenced the risk, independently of the PMD. Risk probabilities ranged from 1% for a defined low‐risk group up to 40% for a high‐risk group. These findings might help identify women who should be offered ultrasound examinations in addition to mammography.
Motivational goals, group identifications, and psychosocial adjustment of returning migrants: The case of Jews returning to Russia
Authors: Tartakovsky Eugene , Patrakov Eduard , Nikulina Marina
Published: July 2016

The present study investigated the motivational goals, group identifications, and psychosocial adjustment of Jews who returned to Russia after emigrating from the republics of the Former Soviet Union to different countries (n = 151). To gain a deeper understanding of these returning migrants, their traits were compared with those of Jews living in Russia who did not emigrate (n = 935). Compared to locals, returnees reported a higher preference for the openness to change and self‐enhancement values and a lower preference for the conservation values; there was no difference in the self‐transcendence values. Returning migrants had a relatively weak affiliation with the home country: they had a weaker identification with the home country than with the country of emigration, their identification with Russians was weaker than that among Jews who did not emigrate from Russia, and their intention to emigrate (again) from Russia was greater than that among locals. However, the Jewish identification of returning migrants was similar to that of locals. The adjustment of returning migrants varied across different dimensions: their economic adjustment was better than that of locals; however, the interpersonal adjustment of returnees was less successful than among locals.
Degradation behavior of, and tissue response to photo‐crosslinked poly(trimethylene carbonate) networks
Authors: Rongen Jan J. , van Bochove Bas , Hannink Gerjon , Grijpma Dirk W. , Buma Pieter
Published: July 2016

Photo‐crosslinked networks prepared from three‐armed methacrylate functionalized PTMC oligomers (PTMC‐tMA macromers) are attractive materials for developing an anatomically correct meniscus scaffold. In this study, we evaluated cell specific biocompatibility, in vitro and in vivo degradation behavior of, and tissue response to, such PTMC networks. By evaluating PTMC networks prepared from PTMC‐tMA macromers of different molecular weights, we were able to assess the effect of macromer molecular weight on the degradation rate of the PTMC network obtained after photo‐crosslinking. Three photo‐crosslinked networks with different crosslinking densities were prepared using PTMC‐tMA macromers with molecular weights 13.3, 17.8, and 26.7 kg/mol. Good cell biocompatibility was demonstrated in a proliferation assay with synovium derived cells. PTMC networks degraded slowly, but statistically significant, both in vitro as well as subcutaneously in rats. Networks prepared from macromers with higher molecular weights demonstrated increased degradation rates compared to networks prepared from initial macromers of lowest molecular weight. The degradation process took place via surface erosion. The PTMC networks showed good tissue tolerance during subcutaneous implantation, to which the tissue response was characterized by the presence of fibrous tissue and encapsulation of the implants. Concluding, we developed cell and tissue biocompatible, photo‐crosslinked PTMC networks using PTMC‐tMA macromers with relatively high molecular weights. These photo‐crosslinked PTMC networks slowly degrade by a surface erosion process. Increasing the crosslinking density of these networks decreases the rate of surface degradation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2823–2832, 2016.
Effect of resorption rate and osteoconductivity of biodegradable calcium phosphate materials on the acquisition of natural bone strength in the repaired bone
Authors: Chiba Shinpei , Anada Takahisa , Suzuki Kentaro , Saito Keisuke , Shiwaku Yukari , Miyatake Naohisa , Baba Kazuyoshi , Imaizumi Hideki , Hosaka Masami , Itoi Eiji , Suzuki Osamu
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this study was to compare the biodegradation rate and quality of regenerated bone among four materials. A short time period of 8 weeks was chosen to examine early bone healing. The rod‐shaped implants of commercially available two β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) ceramics with porosity 60% and 71–80%, respectively, laboratory prepared octacalcium phosphate/gelatin composite (OCP/Gel), which has been proven to have a highly osteoconductive and biodegradable property in rat calvarial defect, and gelatin sponge (Gelatin) were implanted in rabbit tibia defect of 6 mm diameter and 7 mm depth for 2, 4 and 8 weeks. Analyses by μCT, histomorphometry and push‐in test were carried out to evaluate the extent of the tissue regeneration and the material biodegradation in the long bone. OCP/Gel and Gelatin were completely resorbed but only OCP/Gel induced cortical bone bridge until 8 weeks that has strength compatible to that of the natural bone. β‐TCP (71%‐80%) and β‐TCP (60%) were not completely resorbed and never induced the amount of new bone formation beyond that by OCP/Gel. The results indicate that the new bone having enough strength could be regenerated if the material shows not only higher biodegradation rate but also higher osteoconductivity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2833–2842, 2016.
A Novel, Direct NO Donor Regulates Osteoblast and Osteoclast Functions and Increases Bone Mass in Ovariectomized Mice
Authors: Kalyanaraman Hema , Ramdani Ghania , Joshua Jisha , Schall Nadine , Boss Gerry R , Cory Esther , Sah Robert L , Casteel Darren E , Pilz Renate B
Published: July 2016

Most US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatments for osteoporosis target osteoclastic bone resorption. Only PTH derivatives improve bone formation, but they have drawbacks, and novel bone-anabolic agents are needed. Nitrates, which generate NO, improved BMD in estrogen-deficient rats and may improve bone formation markers and BMD in postmenopausal women. However, nitrates are limited by induction of oxidative stress and development of tolerance, and may increase cardiovascular mortality after long-term use. Here we studied nitrosyl-cobinamide (NO-Cbi), a novel, direct NO-releasing agent, in a mouse model of estrogen deficiency–induced osteoporosis. In murine primary osteoblasts, NO-Cbi increased intracellular cGMP, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, proliferation, and osteoblastic gene expression, and protected cells from apoptosis. Correspondingly, in intact and ovariectomized (OVX) female C57Bl/6 mice, NO-Cbi increased serum cGMP concentrations, bone formation, and osteoblastic gene expression, and in OVX mice, it prevented osteocyte apoptosis. NO-Cbi reduced osteoclasts in intact mice and prevented the known increase in osteoclasts in OVX mice, partially through a reduction in the RANKL/osteoprotegerin gene expression ratio, which regulates osteoclast differentiation, and partially through direct inhibition of osteoclast differentiation, observed in vitro in the presence of excess RANKL. The positive NO effects in osteoblasts were mediated by cGMP/protein kinase G (PKG), but some of the osteoclast-inhibitory effects appeared to be cGMP-independent. NO-Cbi increased trabecular bone mass in both intact and OVX mice, consistent with its in vitro effects on osteoblasts and osteoclasts. NO-Cbi is a novel direct NO-releasing agent that, in contrast to nitrates, does not generate oxygen radicals, and combines anabolic and antiresorptive effects in bone, making it an excellent candidate for treating osteoporosis. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Evaluation of Innate Immunity Biomarkers on Admission and at Discharge From an Acute Heart Failure Episode
Authors: Silva Nuno , Patrício Emília , Bettencourt Paulo , Guimarães João Tiago
Published: July 2016

Background

The involvement of the immune system in heart failure (HF) has been demonstrated. Evidence shows that innate immunity can have a role in the remodeling process and progression of HF. With previous studies showing the prognostic value of some innate immunity markers and their relevance in this condition, we aim to evaluate how these markers vary on hospitalization due to an acute episode of HF and at discharge.

Methods

About 154 patients admitted with acute HF were prospectively recruited. Patients were evaluated on admission and at discharge from the hospital. Patients with infection were separately analyzed. Innate immunity, inflammatory, and cardiac biomarkers were measured and were compared between groups and between admission and discharge and with reference values of biological variation.

Results

Median patients’ age was 78 years, and half of the patients were men. The median duration of hospitalization was 6 days. C3 and C4 protein levels significantly increased (P < 0.001) between admission and discharge, as well as eosinophils (P < 0.001) and BNP levels decreased (P < 0.001). Variation in all these variables was independent of infection and biological variation.

Conclusion

Our results show that innate immunity markers such as C3 and C4 increase after treatment for acute HF, supporting the hypothesis that they can be involved in the resolution of the acute episode.
The Glycated Albumin (GA) to HbA1c Ratio Reflects Shorter‐Term Glycemic Control than GA: Analysis of Patients with Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Koga Masafumi , Inada Shinya , Nakao Taisei , Kawamori Ryuzo , Kasayama Soji
Published: July 2016

Background

Glycated albumin (GA) reflects shorter‐term glycemic control than HbA1c. We have reported that HbA1c is paradoxically increased in diabetic patients whose glycemic control deteriorated before ameliorating. In this study, we analyzed paradoxical increases of glycemic control indicators after treatment in patients with fulminant type 1 diabetes (FT1D). We also investigated whether the GA/HbA1c ratio may reflect shorter‐term glycemic control than GA.

Methods

Five FT1D patients whose post‐treatment HbA1c and GA levels were measured were enrolled. We also used a formula to estimate HbA1c and GA from the fictitious models of changes in plasma glucose in FT1D patients. In this model, the periods during which HbA1c, GA, and the GA/HbA1c ratio were higher than at the first visit were compared. In addition, the half‐life for the GA/HbA1c ratio was calculated in accordance with the half‐lives for HbA1c and GA (36 and 14 days, respectively).

Results

In all FT1D patients, HbA1c levels 2–4 weeks after treatment were increased, with three patients (60%) experiencing an increase of GA levels. In contrast, an increase of the GA/HbA1c ratio was observed in only one patient. In all of the different models of changes in plasma glucose in FT1D patients, the length of time during which the values were higher than at the first visit was in the order of HbA1c > GA > GA/HbA1c ratio. The half‐life for the GA/HbA1c ratio was 9 days, shorter than GA.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the GA/HbA1c ratio reflects shorter‐term glycemic control than GA.
Treatment Outcome of Adolescent Inpatients With Early‐Onset and Adolescent‐Onset Disruptive Behavior
Authors: de Boer Sjoukje Berdina Beike , Boon Albert Eduard , Verheij Fop , Donker Marianne Catharina Henriëtte , Vermeiren Robert
Published: July 2016

Objective

Unlike adolescents with adolescent‐onset (AO) disruptive behavior, adolescents with early‐onset (EO) disruptive behavior may not benefit from treatment.

Method

Using Symptom Checklist (SCL‐90‐R) ratings at admission and discharge of adolescent inpatients with EO (n = 85) and AO (n = 60) disruptive behavior treatment outcome was determined by (a) a change in mean scores and (b) the Reliable Change Index. For a subgroup, ratings on the Satisfaction Questionnaire Residential Youth Care for Parents (n = 83) were used to verify the treatment outcome.

Results

Inpatients with EO disruptive behavior had a higher risk of dropout (44.4%) from treatment than the AO group (24.7%). Among the treatment completers, both onset groups reported improvements on the SCL‐90‐R, with 26.9% recovering and 31.7% improving. Inpatients who reported improvement were mostly rated as improved by their parents (r = .33).

Conclusion

As EO inpatients are more likely to drop out, interventions should aim at motivating youngsters to continue treatment, particularly given the poor outcome in this group. Treatment may benefit both groups because those EO youths who stayed in treatment improved to the same extent as AO inpatients.
Relations Between Past‐Week Physical Activity and Recent Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury in Treatment‐Seeking Psychiatric Adults
Authors: Jarvi Stephanie M. , Hearon Bridget A. , Batejan Kristen L. , Gironde Stephanie , Björgvinsson Thröstur
Published: July 2016

Objective

This research study examines the relationship between past‐week physical activity and recent (i.e., within the past 30 days) nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) in a sample of treatment‐seeking adults. 

Method

Participants included 353 (49.29% female; mean age = 35.16 years) adults attending a partial hospitalization program for acute psychiatric issues. Data were extracted from the program's admission battery of computer‐based self‐report measures completed by each participant on the first treatment day.

Results

Participants with a recent history of NSSI (i.e., within the past 30 days) engaged in significantly less past‐week physical activity than those without a history of NSSI. Group differences remained significant while controlling for anxiety, but not depression.

Conclusion

Results suggest that, on average, individuals who have never engaged in NSSI exercise more in the week prior to entering the partial hospital program than those who have a recent history of NSSI. Regular physical activity may be an interesting area of study to explore as a promising adjunctive intervention for NSSI (e.g., vigorous exercise as a way to tolerate distress and manage urges to self‐injure).
John cunningham (JC) virus genotypes in kidney transplant recipients, rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy individuals in Isfahan, Iran
Authors: Atyabi Sayyedeh Rahmaneh , Bouzari Majid , Kardi Mohammad Taghi
Published: July 2016

In healthy individuals John Cunningham virus is latent without any clinical signs, but in the cases of the use of immunosuppressive drugs in graft recipients, autoimmune diseases and also increasing of age, that the immune system is suppressed it may cause disease in reactivation. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is the well‐known disease caused by the virus. It has also been associated with nephropathy and tumorogensis. At present, based on vp1 capsid gene 7 genotypes have been detected. Genetic variations of JC virus in different geographical areas and the presence of different subtypes is a useful tool for reconstructing of the genetic information of JC virus and understanding of its evolution. The aim of this study was to investigate different genotypes of the JC virus in the urine of 100 kidney transplant recipients, 43 rheumatoid arthritis patients, and 100 healthy individuals as control group in Isfahan. DNA was extracted by phenol‐chloroform method and subjected to a nested PCR using specific primer for vp1 capsid gene designed by Oligo 7 software. Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analyses. Using MEGA 6 software the sequences were aligned using Clustal W tool and phylogenetic trees were constructed by neighbor joining method. Thirty‐one positive samples were sequenced. Genotypes 1, 3, and 4 of the virus were detected for the first time in Iran. For the first time genotype 3 was reported as the dominant genotype in Iran. For the first time in the world, genotype 4 was detected in rheumatoid arthritis patients. J. Med. Virol. 89:337–344, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
He thought, she thought: The importance of subjective patterns to understanding team processes
Authors: Emich Kyle J. , Lu Li
Published: July 2016

Teams are often described using the mean and variance of their member's characteristics. Recently, research has advanced this paradigm by beginning to explore the importance of patterns of team member perceptions regarding themselves, their teammates, and their teams. We highlight this work and suggest several directions for future research. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Weather types and rainfall microstructure in Leon, Spain
Authors: Fernandez‐Raga Maria , Castro Amaya , Marcos Elena , Palencia Covadonga , Fraile Roberto
Published: July 2016

Lamb's weather types classification has been used here to analyse the characteristics of raindrops in relation with the meteorological situation. A rainfall gathering campaign has been carried out in Leon [northwesterly (NW) Spain] over 34 months. An optical disdrometer has been used to determine drop sizes and the meteorological situations have been classified from the pressure values at surface level in 16 grid points over the study zone. The results have revealed seasonal differences in the average duration of the rain events: 40 min in winter and 12 in summer. In the study period, the rainiest weather types were the cyclonic types, and the air flows from the north and the west. The raindrop sizes follow a gamma distribution with a higher mode in the case of the weather types with air masses from the west and the southwest. The only exception lies in the purely directional weather types, where a higher mode is found in the case of rain events with eastern flows.