bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences in the Association Between Cardiac Vagal Control and the Effects of Baroreflex Afferents on Behavior
Authors: Yang Xiao , Chaney Jacob , David Aaron S. , Fang Fang
Published: December 2024

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. While sex differences in CVD have been well documented, the physiological mechanisms of those sex differences remain unclear. As important components of the cardiovascular system, cardiac vagal control and baroreflex serve as mechanisms of sex differences in CVD and are modifiable factors for gender-specific CVD preventions. Methods: Ninety-four healthy adults (18–44 years of age; Mage = 21.09 years; 46 female) were recruited to complete the assessments of heart rate variability (HRV) at a resting baseline and the cardiac timing effect on an R-wave-locked reaction time (RT) task, which were used as the indicator of cardiac vagal control and a novel behavioral measure of baroreflex activity, respectively. HRV metrics (including the root mean square of successive R-R interval differences, high frequency and low frequency heart rate variability, and low frequency-to-high frequency ratio), the cardiac timing effect (the inhibition of RT response at the phase of cardiac systole compared to diastole), and their associations were compared between female and male participants. Results: Female participants showed higher levels of vagally mediated HRV after adjusting for basal resting heart rate. Importantly, the cardiac timing effect on RT responses was positively correlated with vagally mediated HRV among males but not among females. Conclusions: Females and males exhibited different physiological processes to regulate cardiovascular functions and behavioral outcomes. The present findings will help to reduce gender disparities in the preventive care of CVD and improve cardiovascular health for both women and men.
Plant–Vitamin–Microorganism Interaction in Hydroponic Melon Cultivation
Authors: Ribeiro Vanessa , Vendruscolo Eduardo Pradi , Conceição Jessé Santarém , Lima Sebastião Ferreira de , Binotti Flávio Ferreira da Silva , Bortolheiro Fernanda Pacheco de Almeida Prado , Oliveira Carlos Eduardo da Silva , Costa Edilson , Lafleur Luc
Published: December 2024

The study of the application of biostimulants in agriculture aims to increase production and improve the efficient use of physical space and agricultural inputs, thus contributing to the sustainability of production systems. One of the new challenges is to verify the effects of joint application of these products to identify possible interactions during crop development. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the biostimulant potential of the isolated and combined use of nicotinamide and Azospirillum brasilense in developing cantaloupe melon plants and fruits. The treatments consisted of foliar application (combined and isolated) of nicotinamide (300 mg L−1) and A. brasilense (2 mL L−1). The results revealed that applying biostimulants positively influences gas exchange and vegetative growth of plants, especially in the root system. However, although the isolated application of each biostimulant resulted in greater effectiveness in terms of transpiration, stomatal conductance, and net CO2 assimilation, which provided an increase in the soluble solids content, the combined application of the two biostimulants resulted in significant gains in the growth of vegetative organs and fruits. Furthermore, combined applications of nicotinamide plus A. brasilense favored the development of biometric characteristics and fruit fresh weight, while isolated applications increased soluble solids content.
Interaction of Cyclosporin C with Dy3+ Ions in Acetonitrile and in Complex with Dodecylphosphocholine Micelles Determined by NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Tarasov Artyom S. , Minnullina Guzel A. , Efimov Sergey V. , Kobchikova Polina P. , Khodov Ilya A. , Klochkov Vladimir V.
Published: December 2024

The spectral characteristics of cyclosporin C (CsC) with the addition of Dy3+ ions in acetonitrile (CD3CN) and CsC with Dy3+ incorporated into dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelle in deuterated water were investigated by high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. The study was focused on the interaction between Dy3+ ions and CsC molecules in different environments. Using a combination of one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR techniques, we obtained information on the spatial features of the peptide molecule and the interaction between CsC and the metal ion. The non-uniform effect of the metal ion on different NMR signals of CsC was observed. The paramagnetic attenuation parameter was calculated for the amide, alpha, and beta protons of CsC upon the addition of Dy3+. The metal ion was found to interact with the polar part of the DPC micelle, and the ion also has a significant effect on the NMR signals of amino acid residues from Sar3 to d-Ala8. This pattern is reproduced in both environments studied here and also agrees with earlier investigations of the CsA–Dy3+ complex.
Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus: The Importance of Metabolism and Aging
Authors: Kordowitzki Pawel
Published: December 2024

Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that, among humans, can cause a severe and often fatal illness. The zoonotic EEEV enzootic cycle involves a cycle of transmission between Culiseta melanura and avian hosts, frequently resulting in spillover to dead-end vertebrate hosts such as humans and horses. Interestingly, it has been described that the W132G mutation of the very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), the receptor of EEEV, significantly enhanced the VLDLR-mediated cell attachment of EEEV. The patient’s metabolism plays a pivotal role in shaping the complex landscape of viral zoonosis. EEEV represents a significant public health concern due to its severe clinical outcomes, challenging epidemiological characteristics, and certain risk factors that heighten susceptibility among specific populations or age groups. Age is one of several predictors that can impact the outcome of EEEV infection; juvenile animals appear to be particularly vulnerable to severe disease. This has also been observed in natural infections, as children are often the most severely impacted humans. The aim of this piece is to shed light on the intricate relationship between human metabolism and the Eastern equine encephalitis virus.
The Potential Application of Resveratrol and Its Derivatives in Central Nervous System Tumors
Authors: Nowacka Agnieszka , Śniegocka Martyna , Smuczyński Wojciech , Liss Sara , Ziółkowska Ewa , Bożiłow Dominika , Śniegocki Maciej , Wiciński Michał
Published: December 2024

Resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound found in various plants, has been extensively studied for its broad spectrum of beneficial biological effects. These encompass its potent antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory activities, anti-aging capabilities, cardioprotective functions, and neuroprotective potential. The diverse biological actions of resveratrol extend beyond these well-established properties. It also exerts a significant impact on metabolic processes and bioavailability, and critically, it demonstrates the ability to effectively traverse the blood–brain barrier. This capacity to penetrate the central nervous system renders resveratrol a promising therapeutic agent for the management of central nervous system malignancies, as it has been shown to inhibit tumor cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and modulate key signaling cascades, such as PI3K/Akt, JAK/STAT, and NF-kB. The multifaceted nature of resveratrol’s biological effects, including its influence on diverse physiological processes, underscores its potential as a valuable therapeutic option for the treatment of central nervous system tumors.
Fabricating a SFMA/BAChol/PAA/ZnCl2 Hydrogel with Excellent Versatile Comprehensive Properties and Stable Sensitive Freezing-Tolerant Conductivity for Wearable Sensors
Authors: Fan Jie-Ping , Xie Ming-Ru , Yuan Chao , Ma Jia , Fu Ke-Pu , Huang Chun-Hong , Chen Hui-Ping , Peng Hai-Long , Xie Chun-Fang
Published: December 2024

Flexible wearable sensors have obtained tremendous interest in various fields and conductive hydrogels are a promising candidate. Nevertheless, the insufficient mechanical properties, the low electrical conductivity and sensitivity, and the limited functional properties prevent the development of hydrogels as wearable sensors. In this study, an SFMA/BAChol/PAA/ZnCl2 hydrogel was fabricated with high mechanical strength and versatile comprehensive properties. Specifically, the obtained hydrogel displayed excellent adhesion and mechanical stability, cryophylactic ability, stable sensitive freezing-tolerant conductivity, and feasible electrical conduction under a wide temperature range, demonstrating the high application potential as a flexible wearable sensor for movement behavior surveillance, even under harsh environments. Furthermore, the mechanical strength of the hydrogel could easily be regulated by varying the copolymer content. The molecular mechanisms of the hydrogel formation and the reversible adhesion during the wet-dry transition were proposed. The non-covalent interactions, including the electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bond interaction and hydrophobic association, and coordination interaction, were dynamically presented in the hydrogel network and hence supported the versatile comprehensive properties of the hydrogel. This study provides a strategy for designing novel hydrogels to promote the development of flexible sensors with stable sensitive freezing-tolerant conductivity.
Depletion of Gibberellin Signaling Up-Regulates LBD16 Transcription and Promotes Adventitious Root Formation in Arabidopsis Leaf Explants
Authors: Jing Tingting , Xing Qian , Shi Yunfeng , Liu Xuemei , Müller-Xing Ralf
Published: December 2024

Adventitious root (AR) formation in plants originates from non-root organs such as leaves and hypocotyls. Auxin signaling is essential for AR formation, but the roles of other phytohormones are less clear. In Arabidopsis, at least two distinct mechanisms can produce ARs, either from hypocotyls as part of the general root architecture or from wounded organs during de novo root regeneration (DNRR). In previous reports, gibberellin acid (GA) appeared to play reverse roles in both types of ARs, since GA treatment blocks etiolation-induced AR formation from hypocotyls, whereas GA synthesis and signaling mutants apparently displayed reduced DNRR from detached leaves. In order to clarify this contradiction, we employed the GA biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol (PBZ) and found that PBZ had positive effects on both types of AR formation in Arabidopsis. Consistently, GA treatment had negative effects on both AR formation mechanisms, while loss of GA synthesis and signaling promoted DNRR under our conditions. Our results show that PBZ treatment can rescue declined AR formation in difficult-to-root leaf explants such as erecta receptor mutants. Furthermore, transcriptional profiling revealed that PBZ treatment altered GA, brassinosteroids, and auxin responses, which included the up-regulation of LBD16 that is well known for its pivotal role in AR initiation.
The Role of MaFAD2 Gene in Bud Dormancy and Cold Resistance in Mulberry Trees (Morus alba L.)
Authors: Zhao Mengjie , Zhou Gaoxing , Liu Peigang , Wang Zhifeng , Yang Lu , Li Tianyan , Tojiddinovich Valiev Sayfiddin , Ubaydullayevich Nasirillayev Bakhtiyar , Adilovna Ismatullaeva Diloram , Khasanboy Ugl Khudjamatov Safarali , Liu Yan , Lv Zhiqiang , Wei Jia , Lin Tianbao
Published: December 2024

Bud dormancy is a critical adaptive trait in woody plants, essential for enduring harsh winter conditions. The relationship between bud break timing and cold resistance is complex and has been a subject of debate. This study utilizes a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) on 201 natural mulberry populations to identify the MaFAD2 gene, which shows the strongest association with bud break timing. Known for its role in cold resistance, MaFAD2′s link to bud break timing suggests a direct correlation between these traits. Expression analysis of MaFAD2 in mulberry trees indicates peak activity in dormant buds, declining as dormancy ends. Selective sweep analysis on germplasms from contrasting climates reveals positive selection in MaFAD2 in cold-resistant Uzbek germplasms. Overexpression of MaFAD2 in early-budding germplasms significantly delays bud break, confirming its regulatory role. These findings highlight MaFAD2 as a key determinant of cold tolerance variability among mulberry germplasms, with its expression directly correlated with bud break timing. This provides a molecular basis for selecting cold-resistant mulberry germplasms based on bud break timing in breeding programs.
Ticagrelor Induces Angiogenesis in Progenitor and Mature Endothelial Cells In Vitro: Investigation of the Possible Role of Adenosine
Authors: Sidiropoulou Sofia , Gatsiou Aikaterini , Hansson Kenny M. , Tsouka Aikaterini N. , Stellos Konstantinos , Tselepis Alexandros D.
Published: December 2024

Ticagrelor, a reversible platelet P2Y12 receptor antagonist, exerts various pleiotropic actions, some of which are at least partially mediated through adenosine. We studied the ticagrelor and adenosine effect on the angiogenic properties of progenitor CD34+-derived endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs). Angiogenesis studies were performed in vitro using capillary-like tube formation and spheroid-based angiogenesis assays. The effects of adenosine receptor antagonists, including DPCPX (A1 antagonist), SCH58621 (A2A antagonist), MRS1706 (A2B inverse agonist and antagonist), MRS1220 (A3 antagonist) and adenosine deaminase (ADA), were also investigated. Ticagrelor, adenosine, and their combination increased capillary-like tube formation and spheroid sprout formation by ECFCs in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was significantly reduced by SCH58621, MRS1706, and their combination, as well as by ADA. By contrast, DPCPX and MRS1220 did not exhibit any inhibitory effects. Similar results were obtained when mature human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were studied. These results show that ticagrelor stimulates angiogenesis by progenitor and mature endothelial cells in an adenosine-dependent pathway in which the adenosine receptors A2A and A2B play major roles. The significance of these results at the clinical level in patients with atherothrombotic events and treated with ticagrelor needs to be investigated.
Exploring the Interplay of Gut Microbiota and Systemic Inflammation in Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Its Impact on Blood Pressure Status: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Huang Chung-Guei , Lin Wan-Ni , Hsin Li-Jen , Fang Tuan-Jen , Li Hsueh-Yu , Lee Chin-Chia , Lee Li-Ang
Published: December 2024

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is prevalent among children and is associated with elevated blood pressure (BP), posing a risk for future hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. While the roles of gut microbiota and systemic inflammation in OSAS pathogenesis are recognized in adults and animal models, their impact on pediatric BP remains less understood. This cross-sectional study explored the relationships between polysomnographic parameters, gut microbiota, systemic inflammation, and BP in 60 children with OSAS. Significant associations between specific microbial profiles—including beta diversity and 31 marker microbes—and BP variations were observed. These microbial profiles correlated with significant alterations in systemic inflammation markers like interleukin-17 and tumor necrosis factor-α. Notably, the relative abundance of Acinetobacter was related to fluctuations in these inflammatory markers and BP levels. The research further highlighted the unique microbial and cytokine profiles exhibited by children with different BP levels, indicating a substantial role of gut microbiota and systemic inflammation in influencing pediatric cardiovascular health. The findings suggest integrating gut microbiota management into comprehensive cardiovascular risk strategies for children with OSAS. This initiative underscores the need for further investigations to decode the mechanisms behind these associations, which could lead to innovative treatments for pediatric OSAS.
Environmental Suitability Predictions for the Distribution and Potential Cultivation of Artemisia afra in South Africa
Authors: Mofokeng Motiki M. , Weepener Harold L. , Araya Hintsa T. , Amoo Stephen O. , Araya Nadia A. , Hlophe-Ginindza Samkelisiwe , du Plooy Christian P.
Published: December 2024

Cultivation is advocated as a solution for the sustainable exploitation of medicinal plants. Understanding environmental factors influencing plant species distribution will eliminate the indiscriminate introduction of medicinal plants to inappropriate cultivation regions. This study investigated environmental conditions for the distribution of Artemisia afra and mapped out potential areas for its cultivation in South Africa. Soil samples were collected for analysis in the Free State Province in South Africa. To identify suitable environmental conditions for the natural distribution of A. afra, the South African National Botanical Institute database and physically collected Global Positioning System points were used in a maximum entropy model. Monthly long-term average interpolated weather surfaces were used to estimate the effect of climate change on future climate suitability for A. afra distribution. Sixty-one percent of soil samples from different A. afra populations were clay loam soils with a slightly acidic to neutral pH. The carbon source utilization, Shannon Weaver Index, and species richness were positively correlated with one group of fourteen soil samples, and species evenness was positively correlated with the second group, consisting of four samples. Climate change will only affect the distribution of A. afra in the very long term. The current study provides critical information for identifying suitable cultivation areas for A. afra while supporting conservation efforts from an ecological point of view.
Simulation of Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Sustainable Lightweight Aggregate Concrete with Mesoscopic Model
Authors: Chen Lin , Yang Fei , Li Xin
Published: December 2024

In the current paper, the dynamic mechanical properties of sustainable lightweight aggregate concrete (SLAC) were numerically studied with a newly developed mesoscopic model. In the model, a fissure-based filling method was utilized for placing spherical aggregates, in which the aggregate geometric data were collected from specimen cross-profiles. The interfacial transition zone (ITZ) was also created in the meso-scale finite element model. The model was then utilized to simulate the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) test of SLAC. The results indicated that the waveforms, dynamic compression strength, and strain rate effects obtained from the simulation closely matched the experimental ones, which demonstrated the effectiveness of the established mesoscopic model. The parametric analysis showed that the aggregate content and ITZ thickness had an important effect on the dynamic mechanical behavior of SLAC. It is believed that the current study can provide a valuable reference for the numerical study of the failure mechanism of sustainable lightweight aggregate concrete.
Disentangling Taxonomic Confusions in the Aporia agathon Group Using Mitochondrial Genomic Data (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)
Authors: Hu Shao-Ji , Jia Ya-Qi , Zhang Xin , Hsu Yu-Feng , Monastyrskii Alexander L. , Vu Van Lien , Ge Si-Xun , Duan Kuang , Jiang Zhuo-Heng , Sbordoni Valerio , Wang Min
Published: December 2024

Pierid species of the Aporia agathon group are among the largest Sino-Himalayan members of genus Aporia, with four conventionally recognised species, namely A. agathon, A. largeteaui, A. gigantea, and A. lemoulti. Recent publications indicated that some of these species may contain more than one species despite their similar morphological characters. The present research analysed this group of butterflies using mitogenomic data, and proved that A. japfuensis stat. nov., A. bifurcata stat. nov., A. moltrechti reinst. stat., A. kuangtungensis stat. nov. and A. omotoi stat. nov. should be recognised as distinct species, while lemoultistat. rev., gigantea stat. nov. and fanjinensis stat. rev. should be subspecies of A. largeteaui. Two new subspecies, namely A. kuangtungensis yufeii ssp. nov. and A. kuangtungensis josephi ssp. nov. were described. Illustrations of specimens and male and female genitalia of each taxon were provided in this article with an updated classification system. Variable melanism and yellow tinge are two major factors causing historical taxonomic confusion; thus, such characters should be less crucial for this species group. Future research is still necessary to elucidate the evolutionary history of these species along with other Aporia taxa, as well as the mechanism of variable melanism and yellow coloration.
Risk Factors for Malignancy of Thyroid Nodules in Patients Undergoing Thyroid Resection
Authors: Krzentowska Anna , Gołkowski Filip , Broniatowska Elżbieta , Konturek Aleksander , Barczyński Marcin
Published: December 2024

Background: An accurate diagnosis of thyroid nodules is crucial for avoiding unnecessary surgical procedures and making timely treatment possible. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) using histopathological findings as the reference standard. Patients with the diagnostic categories (DCs) III, IV, and V were subjected to special analysis. In addition, the authors assessed whether other factors, including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), obesity, and histopathologically confirmed lymphocytic thyroiditis, had an impact on the occurrence of malignant tumors. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 535 patients (with a mean age of 52.3) who underwent thyroid surgery between October 2022 and September 2023 at the Department of Endocrine Surgery at the University Hospital in Krakow. To assess the reliability of FNAB, the results obtained using the Bethesda classification were compared with the histopathological results. Results: The risk of malignancy (ROM) values for DCs I–VI were 38.1%, 15.6%, 29.8%, 18.6%, 91.0%, and 93.2%, respectively. DC V (OR 62.34, p < 0.0001) and an age ≤ 50 (OR = 2.31, p < 0.006) had statistically significant effects on the risk of thyroid cancer. DCs III and IV were not statistically significantly associated with the risk of malignancy (OR = 1.68, p = 0.16; OR = 1.51, p = 0.3, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences in sex, BMI, or obesity between the patients with benign and malignant lesions. Conclusions: DC V is associated with a high likelihood of malignancy, especially in patients under 50 years of age, and, therefore, surgery is indicated in this category of subjects. In DCs III and IV, the risk of malignancy is lower, and conservative management with active clinical and ultrasound surveillance can be considered. In patients < 50 years of age, with Bethesda categories III and IV, surgical treatment should be considered.
Computed Tomography Evaluation of Extracellular Volume for Predicting Prognosis in Patients with Severe Renal Dysfunction on Dialysis
Authors: Goto Hiroki , Takaoka Hiroyuki , Ota Joji , Noguchi Yoshitada , Nishikawa Yusei , Matsumoto Moe , Yoshida Kazuki , Suzuki Katsuya , Aoki Shuhei , Yashima Satomi , Kinoshita Makiko , Sasaki Haruka , Suzuki-Eguchi Noriko , Kobayashi Yoshio
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Extracellular volume (ECV) analysis using computed tomography is recognized as a potential method for diagnostic application. It is currently the only noninvasive method for quantitatively evaluating myocardial fibrosis in dialysis patients for whom gadolinium contrast agents are contraindicated. In this study, we assessed the utility of ECV measurement via CT in the left ventricular (LV) myocardium (LVM) to predict major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in dialysis patients. Materials and methods: We analyzed 57 dialysis patients who underwent cardiac CT and assessed the utility of LVM ECV (LV-ECV) for predicting MACEs. All the patients were followed for a median of 11 months, and MACEs occurred in 15 cases (26%). Results: LV-ECV and plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels were higher in subjects with MACEs than those without (40.29 ± 8.23% vs. 33.76 ± 4.60% and 1481 ± 997 vs. 807 ± 1109 pg/mL; both p < 0.05). Significant valvular disease was more frequently detected in patients with MACEs than those without (60% vs. 24%; p = 0.023). Serum hematocrit levels were significantly lower in patients with MACEs than those without (29 ± 5 vs. 34 ± 5; p < 0.001). The administration of statin was significantly lower in patients with MACEs than in those without (13% vs. 48%; p = 0.029). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed using LV-ECV for predicting MACEs. The area under the curve was 0.80, and the best cut-off value of LV-ECV was 37.26% (p = 0.0003). In a Cox proportional hazards model, LV-ECV ≥ 37.26% was the only significant independent predictor of MACEs (p = 0.020). Conclusions: LV-ECV measured using CT is a useful predictor of MACEs in dialysis patients.
The Influence of Cryopreservation on Sperm Morphology and Its Implications in Terms of Fractions of Higher-Quality Sperm
Authors: Milewska Anna Justyna , Kuczyńska Agnieszka , Pawłowski Michał , Martynowicz Iwo , Deluga-Białowarczuk Sebastian , Sieczyński Piotr , Kuczyński Waldemar , Milewski Robert
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Male infertility is a significant global health issue, comprising approx. 50% of all infertility cases. Semen cryopreservation, a critical component of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), is a method commonly used in a wide range of situations, including gonadotoxic treatments such as radiation or chemotherapy, hazardous occupational exposures, and various medical conditions. Although historically viewed as potentially damaging to sperm, recent findings suggest that cryopreservation, when performed with appropriate techniques, may in fact enhance semen quality by improving the proportion of healthy spermatozoa, particularly in terms of their morphological parameters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of cryopreservation on sperm morphology and viability, utilizing advanced morphological assessments pre- and post-freezing. Methods: Semen samples were collected from 97 patients undergoing infertility treatment at the KRIOBANK clinic (Białystok, Poland). The semen was liquefied and prepared in the form of slides. Sperm morphology was then assessed using an OLYMPUS BX40 microscope at 60× magnification. Results: The findings of the study revealed significant improvements in sperm morphology, with increased percentages of normal sperm and reductions in deformation indices post-thaw. Conclusions: The findings indicate that optimized cryopreservation protocols may support the selection of higher-quality sperm, offering valuable benefits for ART applications. These results challenge certain past assumptions regarding the impact of cryopreservation and underscore the need for refined freezing techniques to maintain and potentially enhance semen quality for reproductive use.
The XpressCard Point-of-Care Test for Human Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Enhances the Prediction of Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Bufkin Kendra B. , Silva Jeane
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Acute kidney injury (AKI), a common complication in hospitalized patients, is a clinical syndrome with a sudden and reversible decline in kidney function. Within hospitalization, the average incidence rate is 2% to 5%, and 67% of patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) acquire acute kidney injury. There is a pressing need to identify biomarkers that provide early detection to enhance the diagnosis of acute kidney injury. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has been identified as the most promising biomarker for predicting acute kidney injury due to upregulation as early as 2 h before kidney injury. Methods: Urine samples from 52 adult subjects were utilized to evaluate the accuracy of acute kidney injury diagnosis using the XpressCard for human NGAL. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated to analyze the validity of the NGAL XpressCard’s ability to accurately distinguish between acute and non-acute kidney injury. Results: The positive and negative predictive values were calculated to determine the prevalence of NGAL and predict the likelihood of diagnosing AKI. Data show that the NGAL XpressCard has a sensitivity and specificity of 59.3% and 95.8% and a positive and negative predictive value of 92.9% and 71.9%, respectively. Conclusions: The human NGAL XpressCard is effective at predicting AKI in hospitalized patients and correlates with high levels of HbA1c, which is associated with diabetes mellitus. It delivers immediate test results, which can enhance patient care.
Morphology of the Calcaneofibular Ligament Reflects Degeneration of the Talonavicular Articular Surface: A Cadaver Study
Authors: Tanaka Ryuta , Kiyoshima Daisuke , Suyama Kaori , Qu Ning , Inagawa Miyu , Hayashi Shogo
Published: December 2024

Background: Osteoarthritis is caused by damage to the articular cartilage due to bone-on-bone collisions and friction. The length, width, and thickness of the ligaments are expected to change in order to regulate excessive bone-to-bone movement. We aimed to clarify the relationship between ligament morphology and joint surface degeneration in the ankle joints using macroscopic observations and measurements. Methods: The participants were 50 feet of 45 Japanese cadavers. The lengths, widths, and thicknesses of the tibionavicular, tibiospring, tibiocalcaneal, posterior tibiotalar, anterior tibiotalar, and calcaneofibular ligaments (CFLs) were measured. The degeneration of the talonavicular joint surface was investigated macroscopically and classified into two groups: the Degeneration (+) group and Degeneration (−) group. Unpaired t-tests were performed for each measurement. Logistic regression analysis was performed on the significantly different items to obtain cutoff values, sensitivity, and specificity. Results: Only the width of the CFL differed significantly between the Degeneration (+) (20 feet) and Degeneration (−) groups (p < 0.001). In the logistic regression analysis, the width of the CFL had an R2 of 0.262, sensitivity of 75.0%, and specificity of 83.3%, with a cutoff value of 8.7 mm. Conclusions: A wide CFL indicates a high likelihood of talonavicular articular surface degeneration.
Reduction in Core Loss of Soft Magnetic Composites with TiO2 Coated Fe Powder
Authors: Lee Sunwoo , Choi Sungjoon , You Jae-Hyoung , Lee Jung-Woo , Yoo Sang-Im , Park Chan
Published: December 2024

This study demonstrates the improvement of core loss through the reduction of eddy current loss in soft magnetic composites (SMCs) composed of TiO2-coated Fe powder and epoxy resin. A thin and uniform TiO2 insulating layer was successfully deposited on the surface of Fe powder via a sol-gel process, employing titanium (IV) butoxide (TBOT) as the precursor. Scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses confirmed the formation of a core/shell Fe/TiO2 structure, with a coating thickness of several tens of nanometers. Increasing the TBOT concentration and coating duration time led to an improved quality factor (Q factor) and a shift of the maximum Q factor values to higher frequency regions. Notably, the permeability was decreased slightly from 14.2 to 13.4, but the core loss, measured at various AC frequencies under 20 mT and then separated into hysteresis loss and eddy current loss at 1 MHz, was significantly reduced from 573 to 435 kW/m3 when the Fe powder was coated with TiO2 using a 2.5 wt.% TBOT solution for 8 h. This reduction in core loss is attributed to the effective suppression of inter-particle eddy currents by the TiO2 insulation layer.
Effects of Platelet-Rich Fibrin on Bone Healing Around Implants Placed in Maxillary Sinuses: A Histomorphometric Assessment in Rabbits
Authors: Grossi-Oliveira Gustavo Augusto , Dallazen Eduardo , Asbi Thabet , Fonseca-Santos João Matheus , Ribeiro-Júnior Paulo Domingos , Shibli Jamil A. , Massari Grecco Cinthya , Magro-Filho Osvaldo , Mourão Carlos Fernando , Haim Doron , Mayer Yaniv , Faverani Leonardo P.
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on bone healing around implants placed in elevated sinus cavities. Forty New Zealand albino rabbits were divided into eight groups, based on the time of sacrifice (14 or 40 days) and the material used: blood clot (control), hydroxyapatite (HA) from bovine bone, HA combined with PRF, and PRF alone. Each group consisted of five animals (n = 5). A histological analysis measured bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO). The results showed significant increases in the BIC and BAFO values at 40 days compared to 14 days in most groups. At day 14, the HA+PRF group had higher BIC than the clot and the PRF alone groups. At 40 days, HA+PRF maintained the highest BIC across all groups (p < 0.05), though it did not show an advantage for BAFO. These findings indicate that combining HA with PRF promotes better osseointegration around implants placed immediately in maxillary sinus augmentation. Given the limited research on PRF’s biological impact, these results underscore the importance of evaluating PRF’s role in peri-implant healing and its potential benefits for clinical use in sinus augmentation.
Effectiveness of CAD-CAM Milled Versus DMLS Titanium Frameworks for Hybrid Denture Prosthesis: A Narrative Review
Authors: Deeban Yahya
Published: December 2024

This narrative review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) milled, and direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) titanium frameworks in hybrid denture prostheses. A structured PICO analysis and a review of ten publications were used to compare titanium frameworks for hybrid dentures made through milling, DMLS, and CAD-CAM milling. Prosthesis success, bone loss, patient satisfaction, framework fit, and biofilm adhesion were among the outcome indicators. The inclusion criteria included comparisons between DMLS and milled titanium frameworks, investigations of hybrid dentures with metal frameworks, and various study designs. The exclusion criteria included reviews, case reports, non-comparative research, and studies unrelated to hybrid dentures. A comprehensive search was performed up to December 2023 across PubMed, PubMed Central, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar, using terms such as CAD-CAM, dental implantation, dental prosthesis, bone loss, damaged maxilla/mandible, implant framework, and bone volume. Ten studies were available for the final analysis. These studies shed light on milled titanium framework’s relative effectiveness and characteristics versus DMLS for implant-supported hybrid dentures. This narrative analysis clarifies the critical roles of the CAD-CAM and DMLS frameworks in implant-supported hybrid dentures. Despite the significant benefits of both of these technologies, it is evident that more investigation is required to identify the optimal framework option for specific clinical scenarios, highlighting the importance of continuing research in this field.
Intra and Inter-Test Reliability of Isometric Hip Adduction Strength Test with Force Plates in Professional Soccer Players
Authors: Pérez-Contreras Jorge , Loro-Ferrer Juan Francisco , Merino-Muñoz Pablo , Hermosilla-Palma Felipe , Miranda-Lorca Brayan , Bustamante-Garrido Alejandro , Inostroza-Ríos Felipe , Brito Ciro José , Aedo-Muñoz Esteban
Published: December 2024

Assessing the reliability of measurement instruments and equipment is essential to ensure the accurate tracking of athletes over extended periods, minimizing the measurement errors caused by chance or other factors. However, a less common but equally important analysis is the verification of inter-measurement agreement, which complements the reliability results. Purpose: To evaluate the intra- and inter-test reliability of an isometric hip adduction strength and asymmetries test in professional soccer players. Methods: Twenty-three professional male soccer players were evaluated on two occasions, 1 week apart. The force signal was collected using force plates (Pasco PS-2141), and the data processing was performed using Matlab software (R2023a, MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA). The peak force, interval RFD, peak RFD, peak force asymmetry and RFD were analyzed. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and coefficients of variation (CV) were calculated to corroborate the intra- and inter-test reliability. In addition, the degree of agreement of the asymmetries was corroborated through the kappa index. Results: The peak force demonstrated an acceptable absolute reliability (CV < 10%) for the intra-test and test–retest condition, an excellent relative intra-test reliability and a good to moderate reliability for the test–retest reliability. However, the peak force asymmetry showed a moderate test–retest reliability and agreement. For the intra-test condition, the RFD variables demonstrate a moderate to excellent relative reliability; however, all demonstrate unacceptable absolute reliability (CV > 10%) in at least one of the evaluation sessions. A moderate to poor test–retest reliability and unacceptable absolute reliability were observed for all the RFD variables. Conclusions: The peak force is the variable with the highest intra- and inter-test reliability, so its use is recommended to longitudinally assess the maximum strength of the adductors in professional soccer players, but not the asymmetry orientation of the peak force. The RFD variables should be interpreted with caution due to their inconsistent reliability, and it is necessary to improve the methods used to achieve adequate reliability.
Improved Generalizability in Medical Computer Vision: Hyperbolic Deep Learning in Multi-Modality Neuroimaging
Authors: Ayubcha Cyrus , Sajed Sulaiman , Omara Chady , Veldman Anna B. , Singh Shashi B. , Lokesha Yashas Ullas , Liu Alex , Aziz-Sultan Mohammad Ali , Smith Timothy R. , Beam Andrew
Published: December 2024

Deep learning has shown significant value in automating radiological diagnostics but can be limited by a lack of generalizability to external datasets. Leveraging the geometric principles of non-Euclidean space, certain geometric deep learning approaches may offer an alternative means of improving model generalizability. This study investigates the potential advantages of hyperbolic convolutional neural networks (HCNNs) over traditional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in neuroimaging tasks. We conducted a comparative analysis of HCNNs and CNNs across various medical imaging modalities and diseases, with a focus on a compiled multi-modality neuroimaging dataset. The models were assessed for their performance parity, robustness to adversarial attacks, semantic organization of embedding spaces, and generalizability. Zero-shot evaluations were also performed with ischemic stroke non-contrast CT images. HCNNs matched CNNs’ performance in less complex settings and demonstrated superior semantic organization and robustness to adversarial attacks. While HCNNs equaled CNNs in out-of-sample datasets identifying Alzheimer’s disease, in zero-shot evaluations, HCNNs outperformed CNNs and radiologists. HCNNs deliver enhanced robustness and organization in neuroimaging data. This likely underlies why, while HCNNs perform similarly to CNNs with respect to in-sample tasks, they confer improved generalizability. Nevertheless, HCNNs encounter efficiency and performance challenges with larger, complex datasets. These limitations underline the need for further optimization of HCNN architectures. HCNNs present promising improvements in generalizability and resilience for medical imaging applications, particularly in neuroimaging. Despite facing challenges with larger datasets, HCNNs enhance performance under adversarial conditions and offer better semantic organization, suggesting valuable potential in generalizable deep learning models in medical imaging and neuroimaging diagnostics.
Length–Weight Relationships of the Prized Sea Cucumber Holothuria lessoni from In Situ and Ex Situ Measurements
Authors: Djenidi Lea A. F. , Purcell Steven W. , Thornton Aaron W. , Gossuin Hugues , Gilbert Antoine
Published: December 2024

Fisheries science draws on morphometric data for stock assessments. Length–weight relationships are essential for estimating body weight from length measurements taken either underwater (in situ) or out of the water (ex situ). We examined morphometric models for the high-valued sea cucumber, Holothuria lessoni. From 77 specimens captured in 2024 (mean weight ± SD: 1774 ± 372 g), we measured body length and width in situ and ex situ, then weighed the animals ex situ. We compared morphometric models using four biometric parameters. The fitted relationships were more statistically significant (p < 0.001) when using in situ measurements compared to ex situ measurements. The length–weight relationship from our study was compared with those from two previous studies on the same species at the same location. Each study generated significantly (p < 0.001) different length–weight relationships. These findings suggest that length–weight relationships should be re-evaluated at regular intervals, as they may evolve over time. Our study indicates that estimation of body weight from length (and width) must rely on established relationships corresponding to whether the measurements are made in situ or ex situ. Our results suggest that in situ measurements could provide more reliable data for length–weight relationships in certain holothuroids.
Testing and Modeling of Shaft Vibrations Due to Misalignment
Authors: Pavlović Igor , Bratić Karlo , Kiciński Radosław , Kluczyk Marcin
Published: December 2024

Alignment deviations remain one of the main causes of excessive vibration amplitudes among all rotating equipment. Their influence is particularly noticeable in ship shaft lines since their length is often much greater than their diameter. Dial gauges and laser measuring instruments are the most commonly used methods for measuring the alignment deviations of ship shaft lines. Due to the increasingly common use of vibration diagnostics in shipbuilding, it is necessary to develop methods to identify shaft misalignment using vibration methods. The authors of this study identified the spectra components corresponding to the misalignment of a working test station of a ship’s shaft line. Identification was carried out in two stages: based on an analysis of the FEM model using the Abaqus program and based on measurements on a unique laboratory stand. The obtained results confirm the possibility of using FEM simulations in the operational diagnosis of shaft line alignment deviations.
Modelling Sustainable Port Operations: Balancing Inputs and Outputs with the Cobb–Douglas Function
Authors: Durán Claudia , Derpich Ivan , Moreno Fabricio , Karbassi Yazdi Amir , Tan Yong
Published: December 2024

This research presents a comprehensive analysis of sustainable port operations in two countries, utilizing econometric models, including the stochastic frontier and Cobb–Douglas models, to examine critical elements such as the number of empty containers and vessel traffic. These factors, driven by globalization, significantly impact the environmental and social dynamics within port operations. By integrating these models, this study assesses efficiency and sustainability, addressing methodological gaps in existing research, particularly in the quantification and generalization of CO2 emissions. Findings indicate that, despite differences in port management and operations, CO2 levels can be estimated using operational variables without the need for complete CO2 traceability throughout the logistics chain. This study concludes by emphasizing the importance of incorporating international environmental standards into port operations and recommends the use of econometric models as tools for assessing and managing port sustainability effectively.
Deep Water Subsea Energy Storage, Lessons Learned from the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Juhlin Rasmus , Slocum Alexander H. , Assadi Mohsen
Published: December 2024

In a future where a large portion of power will be supplied by highly intermittent sources such as solar- and wind-power, energy storage will form a crucial part of the power mix ensuring that there is enough flexibility in the system to cope with the intermittency. With further development of pumped storage hydro constrained by the lack of remaining suitable topography, a novel Subsea Pumped Hydro Storage concept has emerged as a promising solution to utilize the ocean space for large-scale energy storage. While previous publications address thermodynamic efficiency limits, there is a notable lack of research on turbine selection, design, and cost estimation based on best practices. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of current state-of-the-art subsea engineering and its significant achievements pioneered by the oil and gas industry. This paper introduces a robust methodological framework for calculating the costs of concrete SPHS tanks, factoring in longevity and best installation practices for structures designed to endure for half a century. The results indicate that with an optimized design, the cost of an SPSH concrete storage tank is approximately $0.15/Wh. This work lays the groundwork for future advancements in SPHS, building on the substantial progress within subsea engineering over recent decades, and marks a significant step towards realizing the potential of this concept in the renewable energy landscape.
Numerical Simulation of Hydrodynamic Performance of an Offshore Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Converter Device
Authors: Tang Peng , Lin Xinyi , Wang Wei , Zhang Hongsheng
Published: December 2024

Wave energy, as a renewable energy source, plays a significant role in sustainable energy development. This study focuses on a dual-chamber offshore oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy device and performs numerical simulations to analyze the influence of chamber geometry on hydrodynamic characteristics and wave energy conversion efficiency. Unlike existing studies primarily focused on single-chamber configurations, the hydrodynamic characteristics of dual-chamber OWCs are relatively underexplored, especially regarding the impact of critical design parameters on performance. In this study, STAR-CCM+ V2302 software (Version 2410, Siemens Digital Industrial Software, Plano, TX, USA) is utilized to systematically evaluate the effects of key design parameters (including turbine configuration, mid-wall draught depth, and wall angles) on the hydrodynamic performance, wave energy capture efficiency, and wave reflection and loading characteristics of the device. The findings aim to provide a reference framework for the optimal design of dual-chamber OWC systems. The results show that the dual-chamber, dual-turbine (2C2T) configuration offers a 31.32% improvement in efficiency compared to the single-chamber, single-turbine (1C1T) configuration at low wave frequencies. In terms of reducing wave reflection and transmission, the 2C2T configuration outperforms the dual-chamber, single-turbine configuration. When the wall angle increases from 0° to 40°, the total efficiency increases by 166.37%, and the horizontal load decreases by 20.05%. Additionally, optimizing the mid-wall draught depth results in a 9.6% improvement in efficiency and a reduction of vertical load by 11.69%.