bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El avance de las formas verbales en -ra en el español mexicano (1700-1833)
Authors:   University of Houston, USA, Munuera Pulido Kevin
Published: January 2022

The present study examines verb forms ending in -ra and -se in Mexican Spanish from 1700 to 1833. As opposed to previous research on the topic (Acevedo, 1997; Martínez, 2000, 2001; Wilson, 1983) and its leaning towards linguistic and sociopolitical factors, I stand for the analysis of discourse traditions for a better understanding of how linguistic change spreads in this specific dialect. Based on data extracted from Cordiam, descriptive statistical analyses have been performed in simple (saliera, saliese) and compound tenses (hubiera y hubiese salido). Regarding the first tense linguistic variables (type of sentence, meaning and subject of verb form) do not constrain the presence of a certain variant. However, a higher frequency of saliera is observed in legal and private documents, usually close to oral features. As for the compound verb tenses -ra reveals a greater degree of consolidation in this period.
Modelling a neural network autonomous vehicle in a virtual environment
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Tarasyan Vladimir S. , Karachev Denis K. ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: January 2022

The paper describes the implementation of an algorithm for automatic control of a vehicle within the framework of the task of moving along the route marked with cones. The simplicity and efficiency of the suggested algorithm is shown. In order to implement and test this approach, a virtual environment is implemented, as well as an algorithm for drawing routes, which is described in this paper. A metric is offered to indicate the efficiency of the method of driving a vehicle, and its advantage is demonstrated. This approach proved to be effective, despite the small amount of data.
Serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen is a predictive factor of outcomes in patients with locally advanced unresectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated by definitive chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Suzuki Takeshi , Okamura Akihiko , Watanabe Masayuki , Asari Takao , Nakayama Izuma , Ogura Mariko , Ooki Akira , Takahari Daisuke , Yamaguchi Kensei , Chin Keisho
Published: January 2022

Aim: Definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) is the standard treatment for locally advanced unresectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (LU-ESCC). This study aimed to describe the results of dCRT for T4 ESCC and evaluate the pretherapeutic predictive factors of the outcomes. Methods: A total of 133 patients with T4 ESCC who received dCRT were grouped into those who achieved a complete response (CR) or those who had residual disease (RD). The clinicopathologic variables were compared between the groups and the overall survival (OS) was evaluated. The predictive factor of RD was assessed and the prognostic factor for OS was identified. Results: Among the 133 patients, 31 (23%) achieved CR. The CR group had a significantly better OS than the RD group (89.9 months vs. 10.7 months; hazard ratio = 0.096; 95% confidence interval: 0.05-0.19; P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that a supracarinal tumor (OR = 3.21; P = 0.016), higher pretherapeutic serum SCC-Ag level (> 1.6 ng/mL) (OR = 2.86; P = 0.018), and metastatic node invasion (OR = 3.19; P = 0.048) were independent predictors of RD. The increased level of pretherapeutic serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (> 1.6 ng/mL) (OR = 1.61; P = 0.022) was an independent predictor of poor survival. Conclusions: Among the patients who underwent dCRT for LU-ESCC, 23% achieved CR, and the long-term outcome of these patients was favorable. Increased levels of pretherapeutic serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen were also found to be predictive of treatment failure.
Cytosorb® haemoadsorption: a potential game changer for patients needing myocardial surgical revascularisation
Authors: Ng Yin Ling Clarissa , Umakumar Kabeer , Moss Louise , Stock Ulrich A. , Raja Shahzad G. , de Waal Eric E.C. , Marczin Nandor
Published: January 2022

Cytosorb, an extracorporeal blood purification system, utilises the principles of haemoadsorption to remove low molecular weight substances from the blood, including multiple cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, IL-8, and tumour necrosis factor-α, and anti-platelet drugs aiming to improve clinical outcomes. Given the prominent role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in various inflammatory states, Cytosorb has seen growing application as a therapeutic immunomodulator including surgery. This review focuses on the effects of the use of Cytosorb in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and the indications of removal of cytokines and anti-platelet agents such as ticagrelor. The evidence supports the feasibility and safety profile of Cytosorb, with no device-related adverse events reported in all studies. Initial studies suggest significant potential for Cytosorb in urgent or emergency CABG surgery to remove anti-platelet medication with promising benefits on clinical outcomes including fewer blood product transfusions, decreased length of intensive care unit stay, and lower re-sternotomy rates. Furthermore, a cost saving analysis indicated that intraoperative removal of ticagrelor with Cytosorb would be cost effective in the setting of emergency cardiac surgery. However, the evidence remains inconclusive when Cytosorb is used in elective CABG surgery for cytokine removal. Definite high quality clinical trials for both indications for Cytosorb in CABG surgery are needed to clarify if there is a clinically significant benefit in clinical outcomes. There is substantial trial activity for the application of Cytosorb in higher risk cardiac surgery to establish the place of Cytosorb in future treatment pathways in cardiac surgery.
Nonlinear Investigation of Gol'denveizer's Problem of a Circular and Elliptic Elastic Torus
Authors: Song Guangkai , Sun Bohua
Published: January 2022

Gol'denveizer's problem of a torus has been analyzed by Audoly and Pomeau (2002) and Sun (2021). However, all of the investigations of Gol'denveizer's problem of an elastic torus have been linear. In this paper, the finite element method is used to more accurately address this problem. Furthermore, Sun (2021) cannot be solved by nonlinear analysis. We research the nonlinear mechanical properties of Gol'denveizer's problem of circular and elliptic tori, and relevant nephograms are given. We study the buckling of Gol'denveizer's problem of an elastic torus, and propose failure patterns and force-displacement curves of tori in the nonlinear range. Investigations reveal that circular tori have more rich buckling phenomena as the parameter a increases. Gol'denveizer's problem of the buckling of an elliptic torus is analyzed, and we find a new buckling phenomenon called a "skirt." As a/b increases, the collapse load of an elliptic torus of the Gol'denveizer problem is enhanced gradually.
Developing a Novel Hybrid Model for Prediction of Drought and Stress-Tolerant Indices in Teosinte Introgressed Maize Lines Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques
Authors: Singh Vijay Kumar , Kumar Amarjeet , Saran Bhagwat , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Singh Vinay Pratap , Adhikari Sneha , Joshi Anjali , Singh Narendra Kumar , Vishwakarma Dinesh Kumar
Published: January 2022

Maize (Zea mays subsp. mays) is the staple food crop in the world. In this study, multi-layer perceptron (MLP), support vector machine (SVM), genetic algorithm-based multi-layer perceptron (MLP-GA), and genetic algorithm-based support vector machine (SVM-GA) hybrid artificial intelligence algorithms were used for the prediction of drought tolerance and stress tolerance indices in teosinte maize lines. Correspondingly, the gamma test technique was applied to determine efficient input and output vectors. The potential of developed models was evaluated based on statistical indices and graphical representation. Results of gamma test based on the least value of gamma and standard error indices show that day of anthesis (DOA), day of silking (DOS), yield index (YI), and gross yield per plant (GYP) information vector arrangements were determined as efficient information vector combination for drought-tolerant index (DTI) as well as the stress-tolerant index (STI). The results of MLP, SVM, MLP-GA, and SVM-GA algorithms were compared based on statistical indices and visual interpretation that have satisfactory for prediction of the drought-tolerant index and stress-tolerant index in maize crop. It has also seemed that genetic algorithm-based hybrid models (MLP-GA and SVM-GA) were found a better prediction of the drought-tolerant index and stress-tolerant index in maize crop. Similarly, the SVM-GA model has the highest potential to forecast the DTI and STI in maize crops as compared to MLP, SVM, MLP-GA models.
Social and Emotional Loneliness among Older People Living in Nursing Homes in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Molas-Tuneu Miriam , Jerez-Roig Javier , Minobes-Molina Eduard , Coll-Planas Laura , Escribà-Salvans Anna , Farrés-Godayol Pau , Yildirim Meltem , Rierola-Fochs Sandra , Goutan-Roura Ester , Bezerra de Souza Dyego Leandro , Skelton Dawn A. , Naudó-Molist Jordi
Published: January 2022

(1) Background: Loneliness, little studied in Nursing Homes (NHs), can affect physical and mental health. We aimed to verify the prevalence of loneliness in 5 NHs and its associated factors. (2) Methods: Cross-sectional study. Older adults aged 65 or over with preserved cognitive status were included. The De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale was used to assess overall, social, and emotional loneliness; sociodemographic and health-related variables were collected. The chi-square (or Fisher’s) test and logistic regression were used for bivariate and multivariate analysis respectively. (3) Results: The final sample consisted of 65 participants (81.5% female) with a mean age of 84±7.13. Prevalence of overall loneliness was 70.7% (95%CI:58.2-81.4), social loneliness 44.6% (95% CI: 33.1-56.6) and emotional loneliness 46.2% (95% CI: 34.5–58.1). Overall loneliness was associated with lower perceived quality of life (Odds Ratio-OR= 5.52, 95% CI:1.25-24.38) and NH with state subsidized places (OR=0.19, 95% CI: 0.05-0.74); social loneliness with having 0-1 children (OR=0.25, 95% CI: 0.08-0.77), and emotional loneliness with depression (OR=4.54, 95% CI: 1.28-16.08) and urinary incontinence (UI) (OR=4.65, 95% CI: 1.23-17.52). (4) Conclusions: Loneliness was present in almost 71% of residents and was associated with the type of NH and poorer quality of life, emotional loneliness with depression and UI and social loneliness with having less than 2 children.
Prognostic Role of p16 Overexpression in Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Analysis of Alberta Patients
Authors: Querney Jill , Mendez Adrian , Wihlidal Jacob , Ramazani Fatemeh , Fung Moses , Biron Vincent , Côté David
Published: January 2022

Background: Sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) is rare in the general population. No clear and consistent etiologic correlation between human papillomavirus and SNSCC has yet been delineated in literature. p16 is a tumour suppressor protein used as a surrogate marker for HPV. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between p16 overexpression in SNSCC and its role in prognosis and survival. Methods: A population-based retrospective analysis was performed using prospectively collected data from the Northern Alberta Head and Neck Tumour Board, Alberta Cancer Registry, and Alberta Cancer Research Biobank. p16 overexpression was analyzed from pathologic sample of patients meeting study criteria, and participants were dichotomized by status. Subsequently, nonparametric analysis of demographics, initial staging, and initial treatment were performed, and a Kapan-Meier curve was developed to assess differences in survival. Results: 16 patients were included in analysis. p16 overexpression was seen in 68.8% of patients. p16 positive and negative groups were comparable for age, gender, smoking status, stage, and treatment. A statistically significant five-year survival advantage was observed in patients with p16 positive SNSCC (p = 0.013). Conclusions: This is the first Canadian study to demonstrate a high prevalence of p16 positivity in SNSCC and its presence denoting a statistically significant survival advantage. Results demonstrate a previously unconfirmed role of oncogenic HPV in SNSCC.
Keputusan Penggunaan Uang Elektronik di Era Pandemi Covid-19 pada Masyarakat Kudus
Authors: Nisa Nurul Izzatun , Mustaqim Muhamad
Published: January 2022

Di era pandemi penggunaan pembayaran uang elektronik mengalami kenaikan yang cukup tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh trust dan pengetahuan produk terhadap keputusan penggunaan uang elektronik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian lapangan. Penyebaran kuesioner dilakukan pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampling insidental dengan jumlah sampel 100 pengguna uang elektronik di Kabupaten Kudus. Penelitian ini memperoleh hasil temuan, yaitu pertama, adanya pengaruh yang signifikan variabel trust terhadap keputusan penggunaan uang elektronik. Kedua, adanya pengaruh yang signifikan variabel product knowledge terhadap keputusan penggunaan uang elektronik.
Pengamalan Al-Qur`an Perspektif Post-Feminisme Simone De Beauvoir
Authors: Mujahidin Saekul
Published: January 2022

Kesetaraan gender merupakan diskursus yang masih tetap hangat diperbincangkan bahkan menjadi perdebatan para feminis Muslim sampai sekarang. Penggagas dan pendukung kesetaraan gender tidak jarang mempersoalkan hukum Islam yang dianggap kurang adil dalam memposisikan laki-laki dan perempuan. Bermula dari kesadaran akan ketertindasan perempuan oleh sistem yang patriakis inilah muncul kajian tentang perempuan yang kemudian diistilahkan “feminisme” salah satu gagasannya adalah pembebasan yang mengkonsentrasikan pada upaya pengangkatan drajat perempuan agar bisa setara dengan kaum laki-laki dan bebas dari eksploitasi dan tidak mengenal adanya diskriminasi jenis kelamin. Simone De Beauvoir adalah salah satu tokokh feminis yang menyuarakan kebebasan perempuan akan kedudukan mereka yang berbeda dari laki-laki. kebebasan perempuan haruslah didukung oleh semua pihak dan membuat mereka mampu untuk menjadi dirinya sendiri, mampu untuk memilih dan menentukan sikap Menurut Simone de Beauvoir, perempuan dikonstruksikan oleh laki-laki melalui struktur dan lembaga laki-laki. Karena perempuan tidak memiliki esensi seperti juga laki-laki, jadi perempuan tidak harus menjadi apa yang diinginkan oleh laki-laki. Perempuan dapat menjadi subjek dengan terlibat dalam kegiatan positif dalam masyarakat. Hal ini juga sejalan dengan semangat Q.S an-Nisa/4: 32 adanya hak bagi laki-laki dan perempuan untuk terlibat di wilayah publik. Menurut de Beauvoir, strategi yang dapat dilakukan perempuan untuk tidak tertindas dari laki-laki, adalah : Pertama, perempuan dapat bekerja. Kedua, perempuan menjadi seorang intelektual. Ketiga, perempuan mampu mandiri. Gagasan ini juga sejalan dengan semangat Q.S at-Taubah/9: 71 bahwa laki-laki dan perempuan mempunyai hak dan derajat  yang sama dalam setiap aspek kehidupan seperti berbuat yang ma’ruf dan menjauhi yang munkar. Konsep yang digagas de Beauvoir ini disebutnya sebagai post-feminisme. 
Perbandingan Tingkat Kesehatan Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah di Pulau Jawa pada Sebelum dan Saat Masa Pandemi
Authors: Sari Henny Rahma , Canggih Clarashinta
Published: January 2022

The study aimed to compare the Islamic Rural Banks (BPRS) soundness on Java area before and during the pandemic. The research is a quantitative study using secondary data obtained from the monthly Islamic Banking statistics published by Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. The sample was DPK, NPF, and FDR of BPRS in 6 provinces at Java island from May 2019 until November 2020. The analysis of the data in this study used Wilcoxon analysis. The results of the study indicated there is a different of BPRS soundness, represented by DPK, NPF, and FDR before and during the pandemic covid-19.  
Social and Psychosocial Impacts for Refugees Post Conflict Between Sunni - Shia in Sampang Madura
Authors: Hazim Hazim
Published: January 2022

Horizontal conflicts involving religious issues in Indonesia is still very dominant. The conflict between Sunni and Shia in Sampang Madura is the one case of the large impact. the case that occurred on August 26, 2012 has caused in one person died, dozens of people were injured, dozens of homes burned and hundreds of Shias were evacuated. This phenomenon has encouraged me to analyze the psychosocial and social impacts experienced by refugees. This research was focused to the background of horizontal conflict that occured between Sunni and Shia in Sampang, Madura; Conflict resolution efforts, the psychosocial and social impacts for Refugees Shi'ites in Rusun Puspa Agro Jemundo Sidoarjo? This study has used descriptive qualitative. The subject of the research was focused on Shiites who has been evacuating in Jemundo Sidoarjo. The results of this study showed that the conflict was influenced by many factors: ideological, family conflict, economic motive, and local politics. The conflict resolution has been conducted in several stages: stages of de-escalation; stages of humanitarian intervention and political negotiations; stages of problem solving approach; and the last, Peace of building stages; which includes the transition, reconciliation, and consolidation. The social impacts of refugees in Jemundo Sidoarjo were Loss of residence; Loss of livelihood sources; created a dependency with others; For children, they can not access a proper education as well as have been experiencing disorders of psychological development; The refugees have not have basic freedoms: Limited access to health social services; Moreover, there will be impoverishment in the long term.
The Relationship between Gratitude and Body Image in X High School Students in Bandung
Authors: Widawati Lisa , Saputra Andre Kurniawan , Fauziah Devi Nur , Susanti Mutia Andini
Published: January 2022

Physical appearance for young women is important to show their existence. Physical and body condition and face are ideal images that are expected by every teenager. Various efforts are made by most teenagers to improve their image in order to get positive from the environment. Gratitude is important for overcoming the difficulties of excessive body maintenance. Gratitude and body image are interesting things to study so this research is to understand the relationship between gratitude and body image in Bandung X Senior High School students. The research subjects were 36 female high school students who had ideal body weight through the calculation of the Body Mess Index (BMI). The researcher developed two research measuring instruments, namely the Gratitude Scale from the concepts of Al Qayyim and Abdul Syukur and body image from Cash, 2002. The data analysis technique used was the Spearman test analysis. The results of the analysis obtained the participation coefficient r of 0.590 (p = 0,000; p> 0.05). These results indicate that there is a significant relationship between gratitude and higher body image, gratitude, the more positive the body image.
Imaging of Mitral Valve Area by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Patients with Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis
Authors: bedier ahmed , sakrana amal
Published: January 2022

Background: Rheumatic heart disease which is a result of rheumatic fever is still a major health problem in developing countries. Rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS) is the commonest delayed valvular affection as a consequence of rheumatic fever. The assessment of MS severity by measuring mitral valve area (MVA) is very essential for patient management. Different imaging modalities are available for MVA assessment including echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the planimetric MVA between CMR and two dimensional echocardiography in MS patients.Patients and methods: A forty adult patients with symptomatic mitral stenosis were included in the study. Other significant valvular lesions, atrial fibrillation, poor echocardiographic window, contraindications to CMR, and NYHA IV were excluded from the study. All patients were assessed by 2D echocardiography and CMR for MVA measurement.Results: the mean 2D TTE MVA was 1.2±0.26 cm2, while the mean CMR MVA 1.2±0.28 cm2. No significant statistical difference was found between both methods (P value 0.842) with a very strong correlation between both methods (r = 0.93 and p-value < 0.0001). The mean difference of MVA between the two methods was 0.012 cm2.Conclusion: CMR is a non-invasive imaging modality that provides MVA measurement and is a reliable method in the diagnosis of MS patients.
Primary Healthcare Competencies Needed in the Management of Integrated and Person-centred Care for Chronic Illness and Multimorbidity
Authors: Michielsen Leslie , Bischoff Erik W.M.A. , Schermer Tjard , Laurant Miranda
Published: January 2022

Background: Chronic disease management is important in primary care. Disease management programs focus primarily on the disease. The occurrence of multimorbidity and social problems is addressed to a limited extent. Person-centred integrated care as an alternative approach empowers patients to become active participants. In this scoping review we explore necessary competencies for healthcare professionals working in collaborative teams where the main focus lies within the concept of person-centred integrated careMethods: Six literature databases and grey literature were searched for guidelines and peer-reviewed articles. A thematic synthesis was carried out to highlight healthcare professionals competencies that are needed to deliver person-centred integrated care.Results: Four guidelines and 21 studies were included to identified four themes; interprofessional communication, interprofessional collaborative teamwork, leadership and patient-centred communication. Included papers lack a description of competencies core concepts, such as healthcare professionals knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary for a person-centred integrated care approach or details on how these competencies can be acquired.Conclusion: This review provides an integrative view on competencies necessary to provide person-centred integrated care within primary care. Details on core concepts of these competencies are lacking. More research is needed, on competencies and educational programs to ensure healthcare professionals in primary care are better equipped to deliver person-centred integrated care for chronic ill patients.
Oxygen Stable Electrochemical CO2 Capture and Concentration through Alcohol Additives
Authors: Yang Jenny , Barlow Jeffrey
Published: January 2022

Current methods for CO2 capture and concentration (CCC) are energy intensive due to their reliance on thermal cycles, which are intrinsically Carnot limited in efficiency. In contrast, electrochemically driven CCC (eCCC) can operate at much higher theoretical efficiencies. However, most reported systems are sensitive to O2, precluding their practical use. In order to achieve O2 stable eCCC, we pursued the development of molecular redox carriers with reduction potentials positive of the O2/O2- redox couple. Prior efforts to chemically modify redox carriers to operate at milder potentials resulted in a loss in CO2 binding. To overcome these limitations, we used common alcohols additives to anodically shift the reduction potential of a quinone redox carrier, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone (TCQ), by up to 350 mV, conferring O2 stability. Intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions to the dianion and CO2-bound forms of TCQ were correlated to alcohol pKa to identify ethanol as the optimal additive, as it imparts beneficial changes to both the reduction potential and CO2 binding constant, the two key properties for eCCC redox carriers. We demonstrate a full cycle of eCCC in aerobic simulated flue gas using TCQ and ethanol, two commercially available compounds. Based on the system properties, an estimated minimum of 21 kJ/mol is required to concentrate CO2 from 10% to 100%, or twice as efficient as state-of-the-art thermal amine capture systems and other reported redox carrier-based systems. Furthermore, this approach of using hydrogen-bond donor additives is general and can be used to tailor the redox properties of other quinones/alcohol combinations for specific CO2 capture applications.
Rikkunshito Increases Incretin Levels in Patients Underwent Pylorus-Preserving Pancreatico-Duodenectomy: A Case Control Study
Authors: Kono Hiroshi , Hosomura Naohiro , Amemiya Hidetake , Shoda Katsutoshi , Furuya Shinji , Akaike Hidenori , Kawaguchi Yoshihiko , Kawaida Hiromichi , Ichikawa Daisuke
Published: January 2022

Background
Rikkunshito (TJ-43) improves the gastrointestinal disorders by increasing levels of active ghrelin which is belonging to gastrointestinal hormones; however, effects of TJ-43 on other gastrointestinal hormones are still unknown. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate effects of TJ-43 on other gastrointestinal hormones and incretins including gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which activate the islet cells in the pancreas.
Methods
Forty-one patients who underwent pylorus-preserving pancreatico-duodenectomy (PpPD) due to pancreato-biliary tumors were divided into two groups; patients were received TJ-43 (7.5 g daily dose) just after surgery [TJ-43(+) group, n = 21] or 3 weeks after surgery [TJ-43(−) group, n = 20]. Blood samples were collected for analysis of regular clinical blood tests at designated time points. In addition, active and inactive form of ghrelin, spexin, cholecystokinin (CCK), peptide YY (PYY), gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels were assayed by ELISA. One week after surgery, meals were starting and oral calorie intake was assessed both in the two groups after starting meals. Insulin secretion was also assessed.
Results
Active form of ghrelin levels significantly increased in the TJ-43(+) group compared with the TJ-43(−) group. Reflecting this result, oral intake of staple food (carbohydrate) significantly increased in the in the TJ-43(+) group. Levels of spexin slightly decreased after PpPD in the TJ-43(−) group and were not changed in the TJ-43(+) group before and after surgery. Levels of CCK and PYY were not different before and after surgery in the TJ-43(−) group; however, these levels increased significantly in the TJ-43(+) group. Alternatively, GIP and GLP-1 levels decreased in the TJ-43(−) group after PpPD. Importantly, these levels significantly increased in the TJ-43(+) group compared with the TJ-43(−) group. Although there were no significant differences between the TJ-43(+) group and the TJ-43 (−) group, insulin secretion increased in the TJ-43(+) group.
Conclusions
TJ-43 treatment increased expression of incretins in addition to active ghrelin. Thus, it could have advantage for oral food intake and blood sugar control in patients after pancreatic surgery.
The Role of Estrogen Receptor β in PM2.5 Organic Extract-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation in Female and Male Mice
Authors: Guo Huaqi , Yu Hengyi , Feng Yan , Cheng Wei , Li Yan , Wang Yan
Published: January 2022

Automobile exhaust is one of the main sources of PM2.5 in urban areas, and traffic-originated PM2.5 organic extract (Po) can promote inflammation in different organs, especially in the lung. In addition, sex differences were reported in many inflammatory diseases, but the triggering factors of sex differences in inflammatory responses are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of Po exposure on pulmonary inflammatory responses and evaluated the role of sex in this process. Mice were exposed to 100 µg/m3 Po for 12 weeks by an inhalation exposure system in a polycarbonate chamber. In Po-exposed mice, the lung histopathological analysis shown obvious inflammation, the cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were significantly increased, and most inflammatory cytokines in BALF were upregulated. Factorial analysis of variance was carried out to investigate the interaction between sex and Po exposure in these effects. The results shown that the increase of inflammatory cell numbers and the fluctuation of cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-5, and GRO/KC) in BALF induced by Po were significantly different between female and male mice. Notably, these differences were diminished while Po-exposed mice were injected with PHTPP, an ERβ antagonist (1 mg/kg, i.p.). We hypothesized that Po-induced inflammatory responses were different between female and male mice, and ERβ was involved in these processes. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation about the role of sex in Po-induced adverse effects. This study provided a theoretical basis for understanding the sex differences in the adverse effects of environmental pollutants.
Population Dynamics of Synanthropic Rodents After a Chemical and Infrastructural Intervention in an Urban Low-income Community
Authors: Awoniyi Adedayo Michael , Venegas-Vargas Cristina , Souza Fabio Neves , Zeppelini Caio Graco , Hacker Kathryn P. , Pereira Ticiana Carvalho , Marins Catarina Lobo , de Santana Mayara Carvalho , Pertile Arsinoê Cristina , Begon Mike , Ko Albert I. , Diggle Peter , Reis Mitermayer Galvão dos , Childs James E. , Silva Eduardo Mendes da , Costa Federico , Khalil Hussein
Published: January 2022

Synanthropic rodents are ubiquitous in low-income communities and pose risks for human health, as they are generally resistant to control programs. However, few or no studies have evaluated the long-term effect of chemical and infrastructural interventions on rodent population dynamics, especially in urban low-income communities, or evaluated the potential recovery of their population following interventions. We conducted a longitudinal study in a low-income community in the city of Salvador (BA, Brazil) to characterize the effect of interventions (chemical and infrastructural) on the dynamics of rodent population, and documented the post-intervention recovery of their population. We evaluated the degree of rodent infestation in 117 households/sampling points over three years (2014 – 2017), using tracking plates, a proxy for rodent abundance/activity. We reported a significant lower rodent activity/abundance after the chemical and infrastructural interventions (Z=-4.691 (p<0.001)), with track plate positivity decreasing to 28% from 70% after and before interventions respectively. Therefore, the combination of chemical and infrastructural interventions significantly decreased the degree of rodent infestation in the study area. In addition, no rodent population rebound was recorded until almost a year post-intervention, and the post-intervention infestation level did not attain the pre-intervention level all through the study. Moreover, among pre-treatment conditions, access to sewer rather than the availability of food was the variable most closely associated with household rodent infestation. Our study indicates that Integrated Pest Management (IPM)-approaches are more effective in reducing rodent infestation than the use of a single method. Our findings will be useful in providing guidance for long-term rodent control programs, especially in urban low-income communities.
Fifty-Year Change in Air Pollution in Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Authors: Lee Chiu-Hsuan , Brimblecombe Peter , Lee Chon-Lin
Published: January 2022

The change in air quality in cities can be the product of regulation and emissions. Regulations require enforcement of emission reduction, but it is often a shifting economic and societal structures that influence pollutant emissions. This study examines the long-term record of air pollutants in Kaohsiung, where post-war industrialisation increased pollution dramatically, although improvements are observed in recent decades as the city moved to a more mixed economy. The study tracks both gases and particles across a period of significant change in pollution sources in the city. Concentrations of SO2 and aerosol SO42- were especially high ~1970, but these gradually declined, although the SO42- to a lesser extent than its precursor, SO2. While 21st century emissions of SO2 and NOx have declined, this has been less so for NH3, because it arises from predominantly agricultural sources. The atmosphere in Kaohsiung continues to have high concentrations of O3, and these have risen in the city, likely a product of less titration by NO. The changes have meant that ozone has become an increasing threat to health and agriculture. Despite a potential for the production of (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 aerosols, a product of a relatively constant supply of NH3, visibility has improved in recent years. The emissions of SO2 and NOx should continue to be reduced, as these strongly affect the amount of fine secondary aerosol. However, the key problem may be ozone, which is difficult to control as it needs careful consideration of the balance of NOx and hydrocarbons so important to its production.
RETRACTED: Increased global heavy fire emission by Madden-Julian Oscillation
Authors: Yang Young-Min , Lee Doo Young , Park Jae-Heung , Lee June-Yi , An Soon-Il , Moon Ja-Yeon , Yoon Kyung-Sook , Li Tim , Wang Bin , Cho Jeong-A
Published: January 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Development and Optimization of a Simple and Sensitive Method for the Determination of Virginiamycin M1 Antibiotic in Aqueous Media by Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Hernández-Chávez Juan Francisco , Robles-Castro Jesús Fernando , Diaz-Quiroz Carlos Abraham , Ulloa-Mercado Gabriela , Molina-Barrios Ramón , Gortáres-Moroyoqui Pablo , Vega-Millán Christian Beatriz , Rentería-Mexía Ana
Published: January 2022

Virginiamycin antibiotic is used in Mexico for animal growth promotion, but has been banned in Europe due to risk of resistance development. Giving that monitoring of antibiotics is critical, the objective of this work was to develop an analytical method based on capillary electrophoresis and liquid-liquid extraction, to quantify virginiamycin antibiotic in livestock wastes. Linearity, precision, bias and extraction parameters were evaluated following ISO/IEC 17025 procedures. Method and extraction validation was satisfactorily, with average values of absolute recovery AR = 86%, extraction efficiency EE = 87%, and matrix effects ME = -14%, RSD <15 for concentrations as low as 50 µg/L.
Prevalence of Ocular, Adnexal and Orbital Trauma at Three Areas in Different Tertiary Care Centers in Karachi.
Authors: Qidwai Nazia , Hayat Nausheen , Alkhairy Saba , Mahmood Tauseef , Ashraf Muhammad , Cheema. Alyscia , ul-Hassan Mazhar
Published: January 2022

Purpose:To assess the prevalence of ocular, adnexal and orbital trauma resulting from various inciting agents presenting at three large centers located in different areas of Karachi, Pakistan.Method:Patients with ocular trauma were recruited at three centers over three months. Proforma was filled for every patient, and the inciting agents and prevalence of the different types of ocular damage were identified. Trauma scoring was performed according to the Ocular Trauma Score.Results:A total of 343 patients with trauma presenting at different tertiary centers, including Dow International Medical College (DIMC) 38 (11%), Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC) 150 (44%) and Al Ibrahim Eye Hospital/Isra Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology (IPIO) 155 (45%), were included. Commonest causes at IPIO were vegetative trauma, road traffic accidents at JPMC and metallic foreign bodies at DIMC (Table 5). Most of the patients fell at grade 5 of the Ocular Trauma Score. Patients with lid, conjunctival, paracentral corneal or lenticular damage retained V/A > 6/18 after medical and/or surgical treatment. However, it remained < 6/60 in those with central corneal, vitreal or retinal damage.Conclusion:This study showed that different inciting agents topped at the three centers with respect to their location, surrounding workplaces and dealing with medicolegal cases.
Non-HDL-C is associated with the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction in Chinese populations with diabetes
Authors: Tang Yixin , Chen Chen , Su Hua , Tang Zhenwang , Yue Jianbo , Luo Xiaotian , Liu Changhui
Published: January 2022

Background: Non-HDL-C has been associated with the prognosis and long-term prognosis of acute myocardial infarction, but the association between non-HDL-C and the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction in the Chinese population remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore whether non-HDL-C is related to the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction in the Chinese, and to further explore its relationship with the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction in subjects with diabetes.Methods and Results: We reviewed the medical records of patients who visited the Department of Cardiology at the First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China from May 1, 2012 to September 30, 2020. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 6558 subjects were included in the non-AMI group and 3386 subjects were included in the AMI group. In the entire population, non-HDL-C was associated with the incidence of acute myocardial infarction, regardless of adjustment for confounding factors. In non-diabetic patients, non-HDL-C, HDL-C, LDL-C was found to be associated with the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction. In subjects with diabetes, non-HDL-C was associated with AMI without adjusting for confounding factors (Model 1) (OR: 1.268, 95%CI 1.035-1.547, P=0.022), and LDL-C was not associated with AMI (OR: 1.129, 95%CI 0.904 -- 1.411, P=0.286), HDL-C was negatively correlated with the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (OR: 0.577, 95%CI 0.418 -- 0.796, P < 0.001). After adjusting for age and sex (Model 2), non-HDL-C was positively correlated with the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (OR: 1.371, 95%CI 1.103-1.704, P=0.004), while the correlation between HDL-C and LDL-C and acute myocardial infarction was not observed. After adjusting for age, sex, hypertension/smoking, and BMI (Model 3), non-HDL-C was positively correlated with the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (OR: 1.381, 95%CI 1.103-1.728, P=0.005), and no correlation was observed between HDL-C and LDL-C and acute myocardial infarction.Conclusions：In subjects with diabetes, after adjusting for confounders associated with coronary heart disease, non-HDL-C was found to be associated with AMI, whereas HDL-C and LDL-C were not associated with AMI. In addition, non-HDL-C can also be found to be related to the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction in patients without diabetes.
Impact of Cotadutide Drug on Obese Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ali Mahmoud M , Hafez Ahmed , Abdelgalil Mahmoud Shaban , Hasan Mohammed Tarek , El-Ghannam Mohammed Magdy , Ghogar Osama M , Elrashedy Asmaa Ahmed , Abd-ElGawad Mohamed
Published: January 2022

Background: The food and drug administration approved many drugs to treat diabetes mellitus, but those drugs do not have a noticeable effect on weight management. Recently, glucagon-like peptide 1 agonist known as Cotadutide was estimated to serve as a potent drug in treating type 2 diabetes by reducing blood glucose levels and body weight indices. This study aimed to explore the safety and efficacy of Cotadutide as a treatment for type 2 diabetes individuals.Methods: A comprehensive literature search was done on different databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library to capture all relevant articles using an established search strategy. The inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials that assessed the safety and efficacy of Cotadutide versus placebo or any anti-diabetes drugs in obese and overweight people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data analysis was accomplished using Revman 5.4 software.Results: We found 663 relevant articles. From which nine studies were included and subjected to qualitative analysis and eight for quantitative analysis. The pooled effect showed that Cotadutide was better than placebo in reducing body weight (Mean difference (MD) = 3.31, p > 0.00001), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c ) (MD = -0.68, p > 0.00001), glucose area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC [0-4h]) (MD = 30.15, p > 0.00001), and fasting plasma glucose over time (mg/dl) (MD = 31.31, p > 0.00001).Conclusion: Cotadutide is safe and effective in reducing blood glucose levels and body weight in individuals with type 2 diabetes.Study protocol registration: The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD: CRD42021257670).
Pancreatic juice outflow in pancreatojejunostomy monitoring with the inter-anastomosis drainage tube; a retrospective observational study
Authors: Shimomura Osamu , Oda Tatsuya , Miyazaki Yoshihiro , Furuya Kinji , Doi Manami , Takahashi Kazuhiro , Kim Jaejeong , Moue Shoko , Owada Yohei , Ogawa Koichi , Ohara Yusuke , Akashi Yoshimasa , Enomoto Tsuyoshi , Hashimoto Shinji
Published: January 2022

Background:Pancreatic fistula remains the biggest problem in pancreatic surgery. We have previously reported a new pancreatojejunostomy method using an inter-anastomosis drainage suction tube (IAD) with Blumgart anastomosis for drainage of the pancreatic juice leaking from the branched pancreatic ducts. This study aimed to evaluate the postoperative outcomes of our novel method, in pancreatojejunostomy and investigate the nature of the inter-anastomosis space between jejunal wall and pancreas parenchyma.Methods:This retrospectively study consist of 282 pancreatoduodenectomy cases, including 86 reconstructions via the Blumgart method plus IAD (B+IAD group) and 196 cases reconstructed using the Blumgart method alone (B group). Post-operative outcomes and the amylase value and the volume of the drainage fluids were compared between the two groups. The IAD tube was placed to collect amylase-rich fluid from the inter-anastomosis space during operative procedure between the jejunal wall and pancreatic stump.Results:The daily IAD drainage volume and the amylase level was significantly higher in patients with a soft pancreas (vs hard pancreas; 16.5 vs 10.0 mL/day, p=0.012; 90,900 vs 1,634 IU/L, p<0.001, respectively). The mean amylase value of IAD collection in 86 cases of B+IAD group was 63,100 IU/L. The incidence of clinically relevant pancreatic fistula grade B and C (23.2% vs. 23.0%, p= 0.55) and the hospital stay was similar between the groups (median 17 vs. 18 days, p= 0.55). In 176 patients with soft pancreas, the incidence of pancreatic fistula grade B and C (33.3% vs. 35.3%, p= 0.67) and the hospital stay was also similar between the groups (median 22.5 vs. 21 days, p= 0.81).Conclusions:Positive effect of the IAD method observed in the pilot cases was not reproduced in the current study. IAD tube objectively demonstrated the existence of amylase rich discharge at the anastomosis site, and countermeasures to eliminate this liquid are highly desired for preventing pancreatic fistula, especially in patients with soft pancreatic texture.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered
Prognostic implications of hemophagocytic syndrome in CD5-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients
Authors: Bai Xue , Xu Linwei , Chen Yeshan , Lin Shaoze , Xing Xueyang , Su Yongzhong , Tao Hongfang
Published: January 2022

Materials and methods
We retrospectively investigated 17 CD5+ DLBCL and 85 CD5− DLBCL patients to compare their clinicopathologic features and prognosis under R-CHOP chemotherapy, then evaluate impact of HPS on the survival of whole DLBCL and CD5+ DLBCL subgroup.
Results
The CD5+ DLBCL cohort had advanced stage, frequent bone marrow involvement, HPS event and high central nervous system International Prognostic Index (CNS-IPI). With a median follow-up of 23.6 months (range, 0.03-155.8months), the estimated 2-year OS of CD5+ group and CD5− group were 57.8% (95%CI=33.9%-81.7%) and 72% (95%CI=58.7%-85.3%), respectively (p<0.05). The multivariate analysis of 102 cases of DLBCL demonstrated that the HPS event was an independent prognostic factor for PFS (HR=15.11, 95%CI=0.97-235.05, p=0.05). Within CD5+ DLBCL cohort, patients with HPS had a significant shorter PFS and OS than HPS-free group (median PFS, 0.43months VS 5.98 months, p<0.05; median OS, 0.69 months and not reached, respectively, p<0.05).
Conclusion
Our data identifies that CD5 is an unfavourable prognostic predictor of DLBCL, and HPS related to worse survival of CD5+ DLBCL patients.
De novo transcriptome analysis of Justicia adhatoda reveals candidate genes involved in major biosynthetic pathway
Authors: Padmanabhan Deepthi , Lateef Adil , Palanisamy Senthilkumar , Natarajan Purushothaman
Published: January 2022

BackgroundJusticia adhatoda is an important medicinal plant traditionally used in the Indian system of medicine and the absence of molecular-level studies on this plant hinders its wide use, hence the study was aimed to analyse the genes involved in various pathways.Methods and ResultsThe RNA isolated was subjected to Illumina sequencing. De novo assembly was performed using TRINITY software which produced 171.064 transcripts with 55,528 genes and N50 value of 2065bp, followed by annotation of unigenes against NCBI, KEGG and Gene Ontology with 105572 annotated unigenes and 40288 non-annotated unigenes. A total of 5980 unigenes were annotated to 144 biochemical pathways, including the metabolism and biosynthesis pathways. The pathway analysis revealed the major transcripts involved in the tryptophan biosynthesis with TPM values of 6.0903, 33.6854, 11.527, 1.6959, and 8.1662 for Anthranilate synthase alpha, Anthranilate synthase beta, Arogenate/Prephenate dehydratase, Chorismate synthase and Chorismate mutase, respectively. The qRT-PCR validation of the key enzymes showed up-regulation in mid mature leaf when compared to root and young leaf tissue. A total of 16,154 SSRs were identified from the leaf transcriptome of J. adhatoda,which could be helpful in molecular breeding.ConclusionThe study aimed at identifying uni-transcripts involved in the tryptophan biosynthesis pathway for its medicinal properties, as it acts as a precursor to the acridone alkaloid biosynthesis with major key enzymes and their validation. This is the first study that reports transcriptome assembly and annotation of the J. adhatoda plant.