bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strength and quality of German troops in Yugoslavia 1943-1945
Authors: Trifković Gaj
Published: February 2024

Allegations about the number of German soldiers engaged in Yugoslavia was one of the pillars of the narrative about the "People's Liberation War". This issue, however, was never given a proper historiographical treatment in the socialist period. It would have shown that the number of units in Yugoslavia depended on external factors (events on major fronts and broader strategic deliberations) at least to the same extent as on internal ones (guerrilla danger), that the occupation contingent was of highly heterogeneous nature, and that large numbers are not always synonymous for combat quality. This research, based almost entirely on unpublished primary sources, will attempt to provide a comprehensive account of the strength and quality of the German occupation contingent in the second half of the war. The original plan to hold the country with a symbolic force of 2 to 4 divisions was shattered already in the summer of the same year by the outbreak of the uprising in occupied Serbia and the NDH. From the early 1942 to mid-1943, anywhere from 4 to 7 divisions were engaged in anti-guerrilla duties, and from the summer of 1943 until the arrival of the Red Army in the late autumn of 1944, from 5 to 9 divisions (parts of the divisions that were nominally responsible for securing the coast, yet in practice constantly engaged against the Partisans, not counted). In the final phase of the war, almost the entire German contingent consisting of 11 to 15 divisions (including those stationed in Slovenia) ended up fighting the regular Yugoslav army. Apart from the divisions, dozens of independent combat battalions were involved in these operations. In the worst case, a large percentage of all these units could have been used to secure the rear areas of the main fronts, and a smaller percentage could be used directly against the Allied armies. Although, in general, these formations were of lower combat value, there is no doubt that their deployment to a secondary theater of war such as the Yugoslav one was to the detriment of the German war effort.
Yugoslavia and the Yom Kippur war 1973
Authors: Marković Nikola
Published: February 2024

This article deals with the role of Yugoslavia in the Yom Kippur War between Egypt and Syria on the one hand, and Israel on the other. In the middle of 1972, relations between Yugoslavia and Egypt improved, after which close cooperation was established. At the Non-Aligned Conference in Algeria in early September 1973, Tito supported the intentions of the Arab states to attack Israel. When the war operations began in early October, Yugoslavia, upon Soviet insistence, allowed the Soviet planes carrying military aid for the Arab states to fly over its airspace. Together with other members of the Non-Aligned Movement, Yugoslavia provided diplomatic support to Arab countries in the United Nations. When the possibility of nuclear war loomed at the end of October 1973, India and Yugoslavia jointly proposed the establishment of UN peacekeeping forces in the Middle East. This was voted by Resolution 340, which led to the calming down of the situation. After the cessation of hostilities Yugoslavia mediated between the great powers and Arab states in order to establish a state of peace.
Between legal fortress and uncertainty: Comparative analysis of the refugee Law frameworks in Hungary and Indonesia
Authors: Bahri Mohammad
Published: February 2024

This study compares the legal frameworks of Hungary and Indonesia in dealing with the massive influx of refugees in their respective countries. While Hungary has successfully reduced the number of asylum seekers through a " fortress" approach using its Asylum Act of 2007, Indonesia's legal framework, as seen in Presidential Regulation 125/2016, lacks the procedures for converting asylum seekers into refugees. This is compounded by the absence of a refugee status determination process in Indonesia, making it challenging to provide assistance to increasing numbers of asylum seekers entering the state yearly. To address this problem, Indonesia must first make national legal changes that reflect its sociopolitical realities before ratifying the 1951 Refugee Convention and the 1967 Protocols. In contrast, Hungary's legal framework, while effective in reducing the number of asylum seekers, has been criticized for being restrictive and failing to respect human rights.
Sustainability in theory and practice
Authors: Jakab Nóra
Published: February 2024

In recent years, there has been a growing focus on sustainability and a fair transition. The study is timely given the need for EU Member States to prepare territorially equitable transition plans in order to access the €17.5 billion Equitable Transition Fund. In my study, I seek to answer the question of how to make the economy sustainable and competitive, which cannot be imagined without the sustainability of social processes. Would a fair transition be the social side of economic sustainability? The question that has arisen is: what does a fair transition mean? What kind of programme does it involve, so that no one is left out?
German administrative judiciary: Features of a specific system
Authors: Radošević Ratko
Published: February 2024

Features of the German administrative judiciary are the subject of this paper. The paper is divided into several parts. In the first part, origins and development of the German administrative judiciary are explained, so that the historical background of the current system could be fully grasped. The next part is about the position and the organization of the German administrative judiciary, which is considered to be a special and separated branch of judiciary. The following topic makes the very essence and the spirit of the German administrative judiciary - the idea of the comprehensive legal protection of parties in their legal relations to the public administration, as a state power and authority. Finally, the explanation is being finished with the administrative courts procedure and it includes its general principles, civil law origins and its subtle relation to the administrative procedure
Political power and state institutions
Authors: Parezanović Marko
Published: February 2024

Political power and state institutions, primarily in the sense of inter weaving and reduction of their political power, is a research topic that has been going on for thousands of years. Many have studied the intertwined corridors of these political phenomena, but they have never been able to fully explore this topic. In this paper, their causal relationship is analyzed, with a special emphasis on the tendency of political power and state institutions to become alienated, in which these "servants of the people" are transferred over time to lords, which is why this paper starts from the position that political power wants to subordinate state institutions. The scientific importance is primarily contained in the effort to further enrich the scientific fund in the field of political theory and the state. The aim of the research is much more ambitious and is contained primarily in the intention to point out all the positive and negative repercussions that arise from the complex relations between the political power and state institutions, with the intention of pointing out these social anomalies and to increase the degree of democratization, but also functionality of society as a whole
Internet and misdemeanors from the Law on public order and peace: Material legal aspects
Authors: Jeličić Mladen
Published: February 2024

In the paper, the author discusses the conditions under which misdemeanor from the Law on Public Order and Peace can be committed via the Internet. These are the existence of the element of publicness, the essential feature of the mentioned misdemeanor, which is manifested through the requirement that the act of execution and the consequences of the misdemeanor be objectified in a public place, and the eligibility of being a misdemeanor. The Internet as a digital space is viewed through two segments: public and non-public Internet space. The criterion of the direction of the enforcement action on public or nonpublic internet space is defined, which depends on whether the internet can be considered a public place. Spatial, expansive and consequent determination of the public place resulting from the legal definition of this term and the relationship with the Internet were analyzed. Eligibility of being a misdemeanor determines which misdemeanors from the Law on Public Order and Peace can be committed on the Internet. The author's conclusion is that the focus of the enforcement action on the public Internet space implies the existence of a misdemeanor, and that in the case of a non-public Internet space, the misdemeanor exists if the consequence occurred in a public place or public Internet space.
The Future of Special Individual Income Tax Regimes for Inward Expatriates in the European Union
Authors: Krajcuska F.
Published: February 2024

This article aims to elaborate on the possible future development of individual income tax regimes for inward expatriates (inpatriate tax regimes), including the challenges that such regimes pose and possible solutions from the perspective of EU law.
Igniting cold tumors of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: An insight into immune evasion and tumor immune microenvironment
Authors: Zhou Xueyin , Zhang Bin , Hu Jiahao , Shen Jiliang , Chen Zhehan , Zhang Jinming , Wu Bowen , Zhou Enjie , Peng Shuyou , Wong Tuck-Whye , Yang Guanjun , Cao Jiasheng , Chen Mingyu
Published: February 2024

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a rare hepatobiliary cancer that originates from the epithelium of the intrahepatic bile duct. The various treatments for ICC, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and locoregional therapy, confer only modest improvements in survival rates. Immunotherapy, although revolutionary in cancer treatment, has found limited application in the treatment of ICCs due to the “cold” nature of these tumors, which is marked by scant T-cell infiltration. This characteristic makes immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) unsuitable for the majority of ICC patients. Therefore, comprehensively understanding the mechanisms underlying these “cold” tumors is crucial for harnessing the potential of immunotherapy for treating ICC patients. This paper explores immune evasion mechanisms and the complex tumor immune microenvironment of ICC. This study provides a comprehensive overview of therapeutic strategies aimed at activating cold tumors and enhancing their immunogenicity. Furthermore, potential and promising targets for cancer vaccines and adoptive cellular therapy in the context of ICC are discussed. This endeavor strives to reveal new pathways for innovative immunotherapy strategies, with a focus on overcoming the key challenge of triggering an effective immune response in ICC patients.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Menggunakan Media Benda Konkret pada Materi Pecahan Senilai di Kelas IV SDN 2 Kersaratu
Authors: Diki Wahyudi  , Dina Syaflita
Published: February 2024

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes on equivalent fraction material in class IV SDN 2 Kersaratu by using concrete objects as media. The subjects in this action research were fourth grade students consisting of 4 male students and 3 female students. Data collection techniques are carried out through four stages, namely: (a) action planning; (b) implementation of actions; (c) observing actions; and (d) reflection. The research was conducted in three improvement cycles. The results of this action research show that student learning outcomes increase after learning is carried out using concrete object media. In cycle 1, only 2 students passed with a percentage of 28.57%. In cycle 2, the number of students who passed increased to 4 students with a percentage of 57.14%. In cycle 3, as many as 6 students completed with a percentage of 85.72%. The use of concrete object media effectively really helps students in understanding fractional material worth in this study. Thus, it is suggested to fourth grade teachers at SDN 2 Kersaratu to use concrete object media in learning this material in order to improve student learning outcomes.
Gender Equality In The Perspective Of Islam And Education In Indonesia
Authors: Anastasia  , Nurhuda Abid , Aziz Thariq , Ansori Inamul Hasan
Published: February 2024

In this world, there are various problems, one of which is the problem of gender equality. Gender has recently become a hot phenomenon to be discussed. This can be seen from the fact that there are still many people who think that men are better and have a higher degree than women. So the purpose of this study is to describe the existence of gender equality in an Islamic perspective and gender equality in education in Indonesia. The method used is a literature study with careful repeated observation analysis techniques and then concluded qualitatively descriptively. The results of the study show that gender equality is highly respected in Islam and Indonesian education where from an Islamic perspective it has the same position between men and women starting from getting rewards, being servants of Allah and caliphs, achieving achievements to carrying out their obligations. Meanwhile, gender equality in the perspective of education in Indonesia is contained in Article 27 paragraphs 1 and 2 and the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7 of 1994 concerning the elimination of discrimination, and Law No 20 of 2003 on the National Education System.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar melalui Permainan Snake and Ladder dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berbicara Bahasa Inggris Siswa Kelas IX-A UPT SMP Negeri 1 Tellu Limpoe Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang
Authors: Marsuni
Published: February 2024

Model pembelajaran bahasa Inggris yang menekankan pola permainan telah terbukti mampu secara signifikan meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam menguasai materi ajar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kelas IX-A UPT SMP Negeri 1 Tellu Limpoe Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang dengan jumlah siswa dalam kelas penelitian adalah 27 siswa. Mata pelajaran yang menjadi fokus dalam penelitian ini adalah pelajaran Bahasa Inggris tentang kemampuan berbicara (speaking) dengan menerapkan Permainan Snake and Ladder untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara siswa yang berdampak pada peningkatan hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris. Metode Penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) / Classroom Action Research (CAR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penilaian proses, refleksi, dan diskusi serta pembahasan penelitian, disimpulkan bahwa snake and ladder mampu meningkatkan kemampuan bicara dalam bahasa inggris Siswa Kelas IX-A UPT SMP Negeri 1 Tellu Limpoe Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang, yang dibuktikan dengan aktivitas siswa selama pembelajaran siklus I dan siklus II meningkat secara betahap, respon siswa terhadap proses pembelajaran sangat baik, serta adanya peningkatan terhadap penguasaan bericara dibandingkan dengan sebelumnya. Hal ini dapat dilihat ketuntasan belajar siswa pada siklus I mencapai 70% dan pada siklus II mencapai 100 %.
Cartografías de la metástasis: mapas cognitivos, financiarización y la disputa hegemónica sino-estadounidense
Authors: Gerig Malfred
Published: February 2024

This article poses to build a cognitive mapping for what we denominate the metastasis era, which is the period of crisis/dispute of the American hegemony over the modern world-system. The cardinal thesis of the research is that financialization unleashed historical processes and social forces that caused both the configuration of new geopolitical power relations ant that the interstate system to cross the antagonism threshold. In a span of time that goes from the 1970s, when the monetarist counterrevolution and financialization were applied as a solution to the overaccumulation crisis, to the Great Recession from which the Sino-American symbiosis reached a turning point, we interpret from classical social theory ―Marx, Weber, Braudel―, along with the political economy of world-systems and contemporary Marxism ―Arrighi, Wallerstein, Harvey, Anderson―to financialization as the determining process in the 21st century for the fate of the historical capitalism, which faces a triple process of decoupling, recentering and reorientation.

Este artículo se plantea construir un mapeo cognitivo para lo que denominamos la era de la metástasis, esto es, el periodo de crisis/disputa de la hegemonía estadounidense sobre el sistema-mundo moderno. La tesis cardinal de la investigación es que la financiarización desató procesos históricos y fuerzas sociales que ocasionaron tanto la configuración de nuevas relaciones de poder geopolíticas, como que el sistema interestatal cruzara el umbral del antagonismo. En un arco temporal que va desde la década de 1970 donde la contrarrevolución monetarista y la financiarización se aplicó como solución a la crisis de sobreacumulación, hasta la Gran Recesión a partir de la cual la simbiosis sino-estadounidense llegó a un punto de inflexión, interpretamos desde la teoría social clásica ―Marx, Weber, Braudel―, junto a la economía política de sistemas-mundo y el marxismo contemporáneo ―Arrighi, Wallerstein, Harvey, Anderson― a la financiarización como el proceso determinante en el siglo XXI para el destino del capitalismo histórico, el cual se enfrenta a un triple proceso de desacoplamiento, recentramiento y reorientación.
High-performance computing security :
Authors: Guo Yang , Chandramouli Ramaswamy , Wofford Lowell , Gregg Rickey , Key Gary , Clark Antwan , Hinton Catherine , Prout Andrew , Reuther Albert , Adamson Ryan , Warren Aron , Bangalore Purushotham , Deumens Erik , Farkas Csilla
Published: February 2024

Security is essential component of high-performance computing (HPC). HPC systems often differ based on the evolution of their system designs, the applications they run, and the missions they support. An HPC system may also have its own unique security requirements, follow different security guidance, and require tailored security solutions. Their complexity and uniqueness impede the sharing of security solutions and knowledge. This NIST Special Publication aims to standardize and facilitate the information and knowledge-sharing of HPC security using an HPC system reference architecture and key components as the basics of an HPC system lexicon. This publication also analyzes HPC threats, considers current HPC security postures and challenges, and makes best-practice recommendations.
The impact of material composition on ignitability and fire growth. volume 1:
Authors: Leventon Isaac T , Heck Michael V , McGrattan Kevin B , Bundy Matthew F , Davis Rick D
Published: February 2024

This report provides an overview of quantitative measurement data and visual observations obtained from a series of 52 full-scale fire growth experiments conducted on 16 unique combustible solids including: natural and synthetic polymers, copolymers, fiberglass-reinforced composite materials, porous polymer foams, and electrical cables. Key measurement devices were incorporated into this test apparatus in order to measure the primary mechanism controlling fire growth (flame to surface heat transfer during upward flame spread over the surface of the combustible solids) and to measure global quantities characterizing fire behavior and development: heat release rate (HRR), soot and gaseous species (i.e., CO and CO2) yields. This information can be used to improve the analysis and determination of fuel loading in electrical enclosures, which in turn can be used to define peak fire size (HRR) for use in PRAs. Additionally, measurements obtained from these full-scale experiments provide a comprehensive source of reference data needed to validate numerical models that can predict ignitability, fire growth rate, and peak fire size of combustible solids (e.g., materials found in electrical enclosures).
EFEKTIVITAS MODEL STREAM DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA KELAS IV MI FUTUHIYYAH DORO PEKALONGAN
Authors: ISMIATI NUR
Published: February 2024

Model STREAM atau kepanjangan dari Science, Technology, Religion, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics merupakan sebuah model pembelajaran yang mengabungkan unsur Religion ke dalam model STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics). Adapun yang dimaksud unsur religion disini berkaitan dengan benda-benda yang biasa dipakai atau digunakan dalam kegiatan keagamaan. Seperti Sajadah, Bangunan masjid, dan lain sebagainya. Diharapkan dengan adanya integrasi unsur religion dalam pembelajaran berbasis STEAM, dapat merekonstruksi pemahaman siswa bahwa unsur religion sifatnya kompleks dan dapat dikaitkan dengan semua bidang ilmu pengetahuan yang ada baik itu IPA, IPS, Matematika, dsb. Tujuan dari adanya penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis keefektivan model STREAM dalam pembelajaran matematika kelas IV MI Futuhiyyah Doro Kabupaten Pekalongan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain penelitian kuasi eksperimen. Untuk melakukan uji data, Peneliti memakai uji homogenitas data pretest dan posttest, uji normalitas data pretest dan posttest serta uji n-gain. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, dibandingkan dengan pendekatan konvensional, pembelajaran STREAM (Sains, Teknologi, Agama, Teknik, Seni, dan Matematika) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Hal ini terlihat dari hasil uji N-Gain Score yang menunjukkan bahwa kelas eksperimen (Model STREAM) memiliki rata-rata nilai N-Gain Score sebesar 0,78 dengan persentase 78,14% termasuk dalam kriteria “tinggi” dengan  kategori tafsiran efektif. Sebaliknya, kelas kontrol memenuhi kriteria efektivitas “sedang” karena rata-rata N-Gain Score-nya adalah 0,38 dengan presentase 37,63%.
La politización de los contenidos escolares y la respuesta de los docentes primarios en los primeros Y la respuesta de los docentes primarios en los primeros gobiernos de Perón - Argentina 1949-1955
Authors: Gvirtz Silvina
Published: February 2024

El estudio que se presenta tiene como objetivo describir la recepción, dentro de la escuela primaria argentina, de los principios de la doctrina justicialista que formaron parte de los contenidos escolares, entre los años 1949 y 1955. La hipótesis del trabajo sostiene que la institución escolar, a través de sus docentes y de ciertos mecanismos institucionales, neutralizaron el efecto de estos contenidos, cambiando su sentido inicial explícito. Cabe aclarar que este proceso, al que se denominó como "despolitización de la educación" o "escolarización de la política", remite a fenómenos de oposición docente "pedagógico-políticos" y no a fenómenos contestatarios que se podrían caracterizar como "político-gremiales".
La ciudadanía clandestina - Democracia y educación indígena en Bolivia, 1826 - 1952
Authors: Irurozqui Marta
Published: February 2024

"¿Somos indios, somos q'aras?, todavía no sabemos cómo es nuestra patria y por eso Bolivia está yendo a la bancarrota".El testimonio oral de la sindicalista culinaria, Natividad Veramendi, no sólo relaciona la solución nacional con la admisión de una identidad multiétnica, sino que reclama como necesario para Bolivia la existencia de un sentimiento colectivo de identidad social. Esto proporciona a los múltiples contenidos del término ciudadanía otro referido a "la sensación de pertenecer a una comunidad, de participar de valores y experiencias comunes". La pregunta es, entonces, de qué forma se adquiere ese sentimiento de pertenencia colectiva: ¿a través de las leyes y los derechos o mediante una transgresión de las mismas?
De la hegemonía política a la pluralidad cultural: El discurso educativo en la transición democrática en Paraguay
Authors: Siebzehner Batia
Published: February 2024

La transformación política que atravesó el Paraguay en la última década fue acompañada por una búsqueda de transformación cultural. La convergencia entre lo político y lo cultural parece estar conectada con la manera de definir no sólo el carácter ideológico del nuevo programa, sino también con la definición de los criterios específicos de acceso a la esfera pública y con los modos de interacción entre individuos, grupos e instituciones.
En torno al sistema chileno de innovación científica y tecnológica - Apreciaciones críticas
Authors: Hodara Joseph
Published: February 2024

La abundante literatura en torno a los géneros del conocimiento en general (tácito y explícito; público y privado; libre y codificado, entre otras adjetivaciones), a la evolución y a la secuencia de las fases cientificas y tecnológicas, a los orígenes e indicadores del desempeño académico, empresarial y productivo, y a las modalidades de corrección de las "fallas del mercado y de la burocracia gubernamental" conduce a una revisión cualitativa de los conceptos que organizan estos temas. Revisión que se torna más significativa y urgente cuando paralelamente se considera la diversidad de los contextos empíricos (históricos y culturales) en los que se procura insertar estas alusiones teóricas. Y como si este juego recíproco de variables no fuera suficiente, cabe añadirle el examen de circunstancias contingenciales que afectan la conducta verificable de los enlaces entre conocimiento, estructura de las universidades, propensiones empresariales y latitud real de maniobra de la autoridad pública.
Race, With or Without Color? Reconciling Brazilian Historiography
Authors: Triner Gail D.
Published: February 2024

The diversity of the population of Brazil reflects its long history with slavery and as a recipient of emigrants from all over the world. Individuals forged aspects of their own identities by melding their (and their ancestors') origins with the realities of their experiences in Brazil. As with other countries that are composed of peoples of different origins, Brazilians have expended much effort in constructing their racial components as one aspect of their quest to define what it means to be "Brazilian." The historiography interpreting this process of constructing race in order to construct national identity is a large one. Despite the volume of research, curious incongruities remain. This essay focuses on the incongruity in the idea of race as it has developed with respect to Brazilians of African descent as compared to other peoples who came to be identified as non-white. The purposes for this exploration are to raise questions about "race" in Brazil and to suggest the Brazilian experience as a target for research on the broader question of the mutability of racial categorization.
Impressions of Cuba in the Nineteenth Century: The Travel Diary of Joseph J. Dimock. LOUIS A. PÉREZ (ed.): Wilmington, Delaware: SR Books, 1998.
Authors: Moya José C.
Published: February 2024

Using travelers' accounts as a historical source poses an unavoidable epistemological question. How do we know to what degree --and it is a question of degree-- a particular observation reflects (a) the idiosyncratic world-view and prejudices of the author, (b) the collective ones of his/her social group, and (c) the objective realities of the place visited. While analyzing the text for internal logic and consistency can help, checking the observation with other sources --even if of the same type-- will offer more, and perhaps more reliable, clues. If, for instance, the same observation is made by scores of travelers, we can safely eliminate "a" as an explanation. If the cultural and social background of these travelers is very diverse, we can move further toward "c." In other words, relying on a large number of accounts can turn personal, and even biased, observations into more than anecdotal evidence. For researchers, thus, the publication of a manuscript diary is always a welcome addition to the travel literature, even for a place like colonial Cuba where that corpus is vast.
Workers' Control in Latin America, 1930-1979. JONATHAN C. BROWN (ed.), Chapel Hill & London: The University of North Carolina Press, 1997.
Authors: Rein Raanan
Published: February 2024

This is a useful collection of articles for undergraduate and graduate courses on Latin American history in general and Latin American labor history in particular. Most of the articles are written clearly and present their arguments didactically. Each article is arranged in the same way: a brief introduction reviewing the role played by workers in their nation's history is followed by an analysis of a specific episode of importance in the history of their struggle. Each piece ends with a brief post-script of a few paragraphs describing the subsequent evolution of the workers' role in that particular country.
El financiamiento bancario a las empresas industriales en la Argentina. Antecedentes y orígenes del Banco de Crédito Industrial Argentino
Authors: Rougier Marcelo N.
Published: February 2024

Desde fines del siglo pasado existieron en la Argentina intereses sectoriales y políticos preocupados por promover la actividad industrial a través de una orientación adecuada del crédito bancario. Se pretendía así superar la mera prédica por la reforma de las tarifas aduaneras y dar otro factor de apoyo al crecimiento manufacturero.
El Partido Comunista en la Argentina ante Moscú: deberes y realidades, 1930 - 1941
Authors: Schenkolewski-Kroll Silvia
Published: February 2024

La historia del Partido Comunista en Argentina (PCA) fue tratada en distintas publicaciones, desde la escrita por el propio partido hasta investigaciones de historiadores que analizaron el tema basándose en el material que estaba a su alcance. El presente trabajo se ocupa de un período y de una faz que hasta ahora no se han tratado: la década del 30 y principios de la del 40 y la actividad del PCA vista desde las relaciones con la central en Moscú.
Against Racism: Search for an Alliance between Afro-Brazilians and Brazilian Jews in the early 1990s
Authors: Chor Maio Marcos
Published: February 2024

In late 1992, Black and Jewish organizations in Brazil formed an unprecedented alliance against racial hatred and discrimination, in response to singular expressions of overt intolerance based on race and ethnicity. During the transition from the 1980s to the 1990s, right-wing extremist groups and activities increased sharply in Europe, as illustrated by the rise of neo-Nazism. This neo-Nazi escalation also had an impact in Brazil.
To Be(come) Jewish and Argentine: Cinematic Views of a Changing Nation
Authors: Goldman Ilene S.
Published: February 2024

SOL DE OTOÑO: Argentina (1996)
Peronism and Argentina. JAMES P. BRENNAN (ed.): Wilmington, DE: SR Books, 1998.
Authors: Rein Raanan
Published: February 2024

In recent months, as the Argentine presidential campaign swings into high gear, Peronist slogans have reappeared in public political debate, while various candidates are making use of myths that originated in the 1940s. This trend brings new relevance to issues concerning Peronism's significance in twentieth-century Argentina and the metamorphoses this movement has undergone since Perón first burst upon the national political scene. The present collection of eight essays, which arose out of a 1990 conference held at Harvard University, provides a useful outline for discussing these issues.
The Post-NAFTA Political Economy: Mexico and the Western Hemisphere. CAROL WISE (ed.): Pennsylvania State University Press, 1998.
Authors: Hiskey Jonathan T.
Published: February 2024

Promises filled the air during the honeymoon years of trade liberalization in the early 1990s. Announcing his Enterprise for the Americas Initiative (EAI) in 1990, President George Bush proclaimed, "prosperity in our hemisphere depends on trade, not aid...the future of Latin America lies with free government and free markets." Likewise, a Mexico trade official lobbying for the passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1991 asked critics of the agreement to "just imagine how Mexico could help the U.S. economy recover when our own economy improves, and with it the standard of living of Mexicans." On the other side of the debate, critics of the NAFTA, and any other hemispheric free trade initiatives, promised, among other things, a "giant sucking sound."
La tierra de nuestros antepasados. Estudio de la herencia y la tenencia de la tierra en el altiplano de Guatemala. SHELTON HAROLD DAVIS: Vermont: CIRMA-Plumsock Studies South Woodstock, 1997.
Authors: Mejías Sonia Alda
Published: February 2024

El presente trabajo fue realizado hace casi tres décadas y sin embargo continúa teniendo vigencia. Sus aportaciones y actualidad no se limitan al tema considerado, sino que tocan también cuestiones metodológicas de suma importancia e interés. Por este motivo, el comentario del trabajo merece ser realizado desde ambos puntos de vista. No por ello quisiera dejar de lado un balance global. En este sentido es un minucioso trabajo antropológico que proporciona un mayor conocimiento sobre los mayas y su sociedad. En concreto, el estudio se centra en los patrones contemporáneos de herencia y tenencia de la tierra. Para ello, y esto es lo más importante, se considera el significado maya de estas categorías, el medio más adecuado sin lugar a dudas para profundizar en la realidad indígena en Guatemala.
Janelas que se abrem para o mundo:Fotografia de imprensa e distinção social no Rio de Janeiro, na primeira metade do século XX
Authors: Mauad Ana Maria
Published: February 2024

"Primeiro fomos mais ou menos lisboetas, com o mundanismo. Depois londrinos e parisienses, agora somos new-yorquinos e hollywoodenses. O que chamava antigamente de 'sarau' passou a ser 'soirée' e hoje em dia é 'party' (...). No tempo do binóculo floresceu nossa primeira linhagem de elegantes republicanos. O asfalto, depois o automóvel fizeram o resto (...). Hoje poderíamos dizer: o Rio 'grows well' ou se acharem o adjetivo 'smart' também já foi vocábulo elegante usado antes de 1914, poderão fazer uma tradução mais moderna - 'Rio grows swell'." (Revista Rio Ilustrado, n° 170/171, agosto/setembro, 1953.)  Ao longo dos primeiros cinqüenta anos do século XX, a Capital Federal sofreu intervenções cirúrgicas na sua forma urbana, resultado de uma política urbanista que visava moldar a metrópole tropical, a imagem e semelhança das cidades temperadas. Bulevares, substituíram vielas; cafés e confeitarias, os freges e quiosques e o pacato cidadão deu lugar ao dandy ou ao smart; todas as instâncias do viver em cidade foram sendo adequadas a um novo padrão de comportamento.
Patriotism, Politics, and Popular Liberalism in Nineteenth Century Mexico: Juan Francisco Lucas and the Puebla Sierra. GUY P. THOMPSON with DAVID G. LA FRANCE: Wilmington: Scholarly Resources, 1999.
Authors: Vanderwood Paul
Published: February 2024

The mountainous regions of Mexico's central state of Puebla seethed with political contentiousness and social rebellion through much of the nineteenth century on through the Revolution of 1910. Liberal ideals unleashed by the national government's intention to create a modern nation-state, foreign military intervention, and civil war combined with the area's caciquismo, traditional village feuding, and social and racial inequities to fuel the unrest which reflected the tensions, streets, and uncertainties that existed throughout the country. Waves of change not only battered traditional arrangements and behavior but opened immense gaps of opportunity for those who sought to escape the old entanglements and to better their lives as they saw fit.
Father of the Poor? Vargas and his Era. ROBERT M. LEVINE: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
Authors: Dascal Marcelo
Published: February 2024

"Why did Fernando Henrique Cardoso [Brazil's current president] after his election in 1994 announce that his presidential administration would represent 'the end of the Vargas era' in Brazilian history?" -- asks Levine (p. 132). Whatever the reason(s), Cardoso's reference to Vargas on such a solemn occasion, forty years after Vargas's suicide, is emblematic of what Levine himself calls "Vargas as enigma" --the unmatched influence that this elusive man has had on Brazil for most of this century.
The Most Dangerous Area in the World. John F. Kennedy Confronts Communist Revolution in Latin America. STEPHEN C. RABE: Chapel Hill and London: The University of North Carolina Press, 1999.
Authors: Zeitlin Maurice
Published: February 2024

This is an excellent, careful, and critical account of John F. Kennedy's Latin American policies, which Kennedy intended as a liberal, reform alternative to "Communist revolution." Although Rabe purposely omits a re-telling of Kennedy's unrelenting war against revolutionary Cuba, it haunts his narrative -- as it did every one of Kennedy's policies -- throughout.
The Peruvian Labyrinth. Polity, Society, Economy.	MAXWELL A. CAMERON and PHILIP MAUCERI (eds.): University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997.
Authors: Ruiz Víctor Peralta
Published: February 2024

Tras la publicación en 1975 de The Peruvian Experiment: Continuity and Change under Military Rule y en 1983 de The Peruvian Experiment Reconsidered, editadas respectivamente por Abraham F. Lowenthal y Cynthia McClintock, The Peruvian Labyrinth, que ahora compilan Maxwell A. Cameron y Philip Mauceri, continúa esta importante empresa editorial destinada a analizar desde varios puntos de vista académicos la política, la sociedad y la economía peruana actual. El prefacio, que -provocativamente-- está redactado por los editores de las dos primeras publicaciones arriba señaladas, apunta a un balance comparativo entre los gobiernos del general Juan Velasco Alvarado y del ingeniero Alberto Fujimori, destacando las diferencias entre ambos proyectos autoritarios, aunque la mayor similitud haya sido intentar conformar un modelo de sociedad al margen de los partidos políticos y por encima de las instituciones democráticas. Lowenthal y McClintock concluyen de un modo pesimista que si Velasco fracasó en este intento en 1975, el deseo del fujimorismo de continuar el mismo camino más allá del 2000 puede conducir al Perú a un atolladero político de consecuencias imprevisibles. De ahí que el cambio de título entre los dos primeros libros y este último no sea un mero recurso editorial; el experimento peruano ha desembocado en un peligroso laberinto político e institucional.
Los Estados Unidos ante el Brasil y la Argentina - los golpes militares de la década del 60
Authors: Rapoport Mario , Laufer Rubén
Published: February 2024

Las relaciones del Brasil y la Argentina con los Estados Unidos suscitan especial interés, tanto por la gravitación de ambos países en el escenario económico y político latinoamericano, como por el decisivo papel que en el mismo han desempeñado históricamente los vínculos con las grandes potencias.
Crafting Coalitions for Reform. Business Preferences, Political Institutions and Neoliberal Reform in Brazil. PETER KINGSTONE: University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999.
Authors: E Cruz Sebastião C. Velasco
Published: February 2024

If you want to know the truth about a fighter, don't interview him, don't ask what he thinks about life; look at him, instead, when waging combat. I once read something like this in a piece by Norman Mailer. Now, mutatis mutandi, this maxim applies to the analysis of business politics as well. In fact, be he a financier, a trader, or an industrialist, the job of the businessman is to make money through the performance of an activity useful to someone else. His station in life depends on this particular kind of activity and the circumstances surrounding it. So, when a businessman speak his mind in the public sphere about political or economic subjects, he always has an eye on the micro-scene where, from his point of view, the decisive battles are being fought.
O Recife: gênese do urbanismo (1927-1943). JOEL OUTTES: Recife, FUNDAJ, Editora Massangana, 1997.
Authors: Albuquerque Júnior Durval Muniz de
Published: February 2024

Embora já esteja publicado há três anos, este livro não encontrou ainda o destaque que merece. Esta resenha visa divulgar uma obra que considero fundamental para o entendimento das transformações urbanas pelas quais passou e vem passando a cidade do Recife neste século. A pesquisa sobre a história das cidades e, principalmente, do planejamento urbano, é muito recente no Brasil, datando dos anos oitenta. Assim mesmo, estes trabalhos estiveram bastante centralizados na análise de cidades como São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro, onde pioneiramente este tipo de pesquisa surgiu.
The Power of God Against the Guns of Government: Religious Upheaval in Mexico at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century. PAUL VANDERWOOD: Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1998.
Authors: Kourí Emilio H.
Published: February 2024

Este cautivador libro narra y analiza la ya famosa rebelión de Tomochic, acaecida entre 1891 y 1892 en un pequeño pueblo mestizo en las sierras al oeste de Chihuahua. Liderados por el enigmático Cruz Sánchez e inspirados por los poderes espirituales atribuidos a "La Santa" Teresa de Cabora, una niña en aquel entonces venerada por su milagrosa capacidad sanativa, una facción disidente de los habitantes de Tomochic desconoció a la autoridad local, decidida a no obedecer ya más ley que la de Dios. Por diez meses Cruz Sánchez y sus seguidores resistieron las presiones y los ataques del gobierno y del ejército, humillando en varias ocasiones a las fuerzas federales enviadas a someterlos. La osadía de estos tomochitecos fue noticia en México y en el extranjero, y tanto el Presidente Porfirio Díaz como las autoridades estatales y los caciques locales vieron en ella un profundo desafío a sus respectivos intereses. En octubre de 1892, un gran contingente de tropas federales sitió finalmente Tomochic, incendiando y arrasando el pueblo a medida que iba apretándose el cerco. Todos los sublevados fueron liquidados; unos murieron acribillados, otros quemados o ejecutados. De Tomochic no quedó casi nada, sólo la amarga memoria. Las mujeres y los niños que sobrevivieron los ataques fueron evacuados; algunos posteriormente regresaron a reconstruir sus vidas, como lo hicieron también sus antiguos rivales pueblerinos, nuevamente poderosos. Otros, sin embargo, jamás volvieron.
Sistemas productivos locales en América Latina: ¿fortaleza o nueva mitología?
Authors: Paunero Xavier
Published: February 2024

Mucho se ha hablado en las últimas décadas sobre las potencialidades de los SPL (sistemas productivos locales), también llamadas áreas de especialización flexible, territorios de industria endógena, etc.

A escala micro, estos estudios se preocupan por los factores invisibles del desarrollo económico local, "desplazando el análisis del nivel de la economía y la industria al nivel de la empresa" (DOERINGER y otros, 1987). A gran escala, la globalización pone a prueba las formas de regulación nacionales (REICH, 1991) ya que considera la interconexión internacional de las economías regionales y, en consecuencia, la disminución de la competencia nacional en su control: las regiones, sus políticas y sus agentes se redefinen y quedan sujetos a nuevas obligaciones estructurales.

El cambio estructural regional no sólo designaría un proceso de sustitución de lo viejo por lo nuevo, sino también la reorganización de interrelaciones de producción integrales y sus redes institucionales, si bien esta globalización se ve acompañada de una gran plasticidad de formas de inserción territoriales y notablemente locales.
The Problem of Missing Persons: Methodological Notes on Japanese-Brazilian Identities
Authors: Linger Daniel T.
Published: February 2024

History and anthropology continue to edge closer to each other. Culture, the anthropologist's stock in trade, has become an indispensable component of historians' accounts. For their part, anthropologists increasingly emphasize cultural change. Attuned to cultural relativism, they have readily made the further leap into historical relativism. One might say that both disciplines are trying to free themselves from ethno- and tempocentrism.
Efeitos e imagens da mobilização civil na cidade de São Paulo durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial
Authors: Cytrynowicz Roney
Published: February 2024

No início do mês de dezembro de 1944, durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, poucas semanas após os cinemas da cidade de São Paulo terem exibido o filme Perigo Amarelo -referência evidente a uma suposta ameaça do Japão-, com Bela Lugosi ("o mestre do terror contra os traiçoeiros agentes japoneses", como o filme era anunciado), o jornal Correio Paulistano alertou que a cidade estava se defrontando pela primeira vez com a figura do "torpedeiro suicida da armada japonesa"
The Church in Colonial Latin America. JOHN F. SCHWALLER (ed.): Wilmington, DE: SR Books, 2000.
Authors: Megged Amos
Published: February 2024

The subject of Spanish missionary endeavor in the Americas, and the role of the Church in the overall process of adaptation and change between the colonizers and the colonized in the Spanish colonies, has attracted an ever-growing volume of thought-provoking writings. Throughout, the early, Ricardian thesis of the "spiritual conquest", a swift and successful conversion of the Indians to Christianity, has long been refuted. Moreover, the recent historiography on these themes has considerably enhanced our understanding of what the cultural encounter between Western-European-Christian world-views and those of the indigenous populations was all about. John F. Schwaller, the editor, was certainly facing a tough choice here in trying to select what was most suitable to include in such an anthology.
In the Shadow of the State: Intellectuals and the Quest for National Identity in Twentieth-Century Spanish America .NICOLA MILLER: London/New York: Verso, 1999.
Authors: Artaraz Kepa
Published: February 2024

En el abundante panorama de publicaciones dedicadas, por un lado, al estudio de la identidad nacional en Hispanoamérica y, por el otro, al papel del intelectual como actor social y cultural, acaba de aparecer un nuevo libro cuyo subtítulo, Intellectuals and the Quest for National Identity in Twentieth-Century Spanish America (Los intelectuales y la búsqueda de la identidad nacional en la Hispanoamérica del siglo veinte), liga ambos ámbitos académicos y refleja claramente tanto el tema abordado como la importancia atribuida por la autora al papel del intelectual en la construcción de la identidad nacional. Por otra parte, el título, In the Shadow of the State (Bajo la sombra del Estado), nos da muestra inmediata de los límites impuestos por el poder político a esta actividad creadora y crítica.
Movimientos estudiantiles en la historia de América Latina (2 vols.). RENATE MARSISKE (coord.): México: UNAM–Plaza y Valdés, 1999.
Authors: Biagini Hugo E.
Published: February 2024

La juventud universitaria latinoamericana ha tenido una actuación decisiva en diversos momentos culminantes de nuestro devenir, desde el ciclo emancipatorio, el romanticismo, la bohemia finisecular y la Reforma Universitaria de 1918 hasta la generación de la protesta y la revolución. Podemos así aproximarnos a las distintas variantes utópicas, expresiones identitarias y propuestas alternativas que se hallan en juego dentro de tales idearios y prácticas sociales, junto a los problemas hermenéuticos concomitantes: continuidad o discontinuidad histórica, validez última de los agentes o sujetos colectivos, vínculos con la estructura económica y con las variables políticas de rigor. En las postrimerías del siglo XIX fue acentuándose la importancia que, dentro de la evolución histórica, correspondía asignarle al accionar de sectores tradicionalmente descalificados: los trabajadores, la mujer, el hombre de color. Al mismo tiempo, surge una confianza semejante en las aptitudes de la juventud, que emerge como vanguardia movilizadora de las masas, generándose una mística redentora que se prolonga indefinidamente y se encarna en los movimientos estudiantiles.
México-Francia. Memoria de una sensibilidad común. Siglos XIX-XX. JAVIER PÉREZ SILLER (Coord.): México: BUAP-El Colegio de San Luis-CEMCA, 1998.
Authors: Yankelevich Pablo
Published: February 2024

A doce años de distancia de la efímera euforia historiográfica que rodeó la conmemoración del bicentenario de la Revolución Francesa, sorprende gratamente la constitución en México de un Seminario dedicado al estudio de las relaciones políticas, económicas y culturales entre franceses y mexicanos a lo largo de las dos últimas centurias. Se trata de un equipo integrado mayoritariamente por historiadores que, bajo la coordinación de Javier Pérez Siller, ha publicado los primeros resultados de este emprendimiento académico.