bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How does the British public understand mental health? A qualitative analysis of open-text responses
Authors: Arnot Megan , Wolpert Miranda , Greenwood Ethan
Published: October 2021

Background:

An individual’s understanding of mental health can influence their attitudes towards those experiencing mental health problems, and also impact their response to any mental health problems they experience. However, what the lay public understand about mental health is not well explored in existing research.

Aims:

This study aims to gain a deeper insight into what the general public understand by the term ‘mental health problem’.

Methods:

Data were taken from a large-scale representative sample of adults from Great Britain ( n = 2,708). A thematic analysis was carried out on an open-text question which asked people what they understood by the term ‘mental health problem’.

Results:

Six themes were identified in the thematic analysis, which included understanding mental health through thinking about cause and effect, thinking about the location of mental health problems in the body, the universality and variation of mental health problems, reflections on lived experience and identifying a specific mental health problem.

Conclusion:

The analysis suggests that there are many diverse ways the public conceptualises mental health. The themes identified may be useful for future quantitative analyses, and also may suggest how information about mental health can be best communicated to the public.
Normative Approaches for Oral Health: Standards, Specifications, and Guidelines
Authors: Schmalz G. , Jakubovics N. , Schwendicke F.
Published: October 2021

Normative approaches have been developed with the aim of providing high-quality methods and strict criteria that, when applied correctly, lead to reliable results. Standards, specifications, and guidelines are needed to facilitate exchange of goods or information and secure comparability of data derived from different laboratories and sources. They are available along the whole flow from study development to test selection, study conduct, and reporting and are widely used for the evaluation of medical devices, market approval, and harmonization of terms and devices. Standards are developed by specific national and international organizations or by dedicated interest groups, mainly scientists in their respective fields. ISO (International Organization for Standardization) standards are developed following stringent regulations, and groups of experts formulate such standards. They should come from different areas (multistakeholder approach) to have as much and as broad input as possible and to avoid single-interest dominance. However, the presence of academia in such groups has been comparatively low. There is a clear need and responsibility of the oral health community to participate in the development of normative documents to provide methodological knowledge and experience, balance the interests of other stakeholders, and finally improve oral health. This will help to ensure that rapidly advancing fields of research, such as the oral health impacts of COVID-19 or the application of artificial intelligence in dentistry, benefit from standardization of approaches and reporting.
Lessons Learned From the E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use–Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) Outbreak Response, Minnesota, 2019-2020
Authors: Wiens Terra , Taylor Joanne , Cole Cory , Saravia Stefan , Peterson Jason , Lunda Mark , Margetta Jamie , D’Heilly Paige , Holzbauer Stacy , Lynfield Ruth
Published: October 2021

Objective

Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette), or vaping, product use–associated lung injury (EVALI) is a novel noncommunicable disease with an unknown cause. The objective of this analysis was to describe the Minnesota Department of Health’s (MDH’s) outbreak response to EVALI, including challenges, successes, and lessons learned.

Methods

MDH began investigating EVALI cases in August 2019 and quickly coordinated an agencywide response. This response included activating the incident command system; organizing multidisciplinary teams to perform the epidemiologic investigation; laboratory testing of e-cigarette, or vaping, products (EVPs) and clinical specimens; and collaborating with partners to gather information and develop recommendations.

Results

MDH faced numerous investigational challenges during the outbreak response of EVALI, including the need to gather information on unregulated and illicit substances and their use and collecting information from minors and critically ill people. MDH laboratorians faced methodologic challenges in characterizing EVPs. Despite these challenges, MDH epidemiologists successfully collaborated with the MDH public health laboratory, law enforcement, partners with clinical and toxicology expertise, and local and national public health partners.

Practice Implications

Lessons learned included ensuring the state public health agency has legal authority to conduct noncommunicable disease outbreak investigations and the necessity of cultivating and using internal and external partnerships, specifically with laboratories that can analyze clinical specimens and unknown substances. The lessons learned may be useful to public health agencies responding to similar public health emergencies. To improve preparedness for the next outbreak of EVALI or other noncommunicable diseases, we recommend building and maintaining partnerships with internal and external partners.
Responses of the English-Language-Teaching Community to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Moorhouse Benjamin Luke , Kohnke Lucas
Published: October 2021

The global pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus has had a disruptive and profound impact on English-language teaching. To reduce the spread of the virus, teachers and learners had to suspend in-person teaching and learning. This led to the widespread adoption of synchronous and asynchronous online teaching. Obviously, this period has led to immense challenges for teachers and students alike, but it has also provided a unique opportunity to understand the potential affordances of online teaching in English-language teaching. This study, a systematic thematic review of empirical studies pertaining to English-language teaching and the COVID-19 pandemic, identifies and analyses the key knowledge generated by the English-language-teaching community during the pandemic. It ends with a discussion of the lessons learned from the pandemic and suggests potential areas for further research.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Gender-Based Violence Among Female Students Attending Private Colleges in Harar Town, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Abubeker Ferhan , Dessie Yadeta , Assefa Nega , Geleto Ayele , Adorjan Kristina , Abdeta Tilahun
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of gender-based violence (GBV) among second- and third-year female students of private colleges in Harar town, eastern Ethiopia . We conducted an institution-based cross-sectional study among 302 randomly selected second- and third-year female students attending private colleges in Harar town. We used descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence interval and a P value < .05 were used to interpret associations and to declare a significance of asso ciation, respectively. A total of 298 (98.7%) participants completed the questionnaire, and the overall prevalence of GBV was 57.7% (n = 172). Specifically, 36.2% of the students experienced physical violence; 46.6%, sexual violence; and 56.4%, emotional/verbal violence. The prevalence of attempted and completed rape was 36.7 and 28.8%, respectively. The following were significant predictors of GBV: age ≤ 19 years (AOR = 3.4; 95% CI, 1.4–5.3), monthly pocket money ≤ 240 Ethiopian Birr (AOR = 3.3; 95% CI, 1.7–5.9), Orthodox religion (AOR = 5.3; 95% CI, 1.9–14.4), Amhara ethnicity (AOR = 2.3; 95% CI, 1.65–4.2), living alone in a rented house (AOR = 3.2, 95% CI, 1.79–6.25), having a partner (husband or boyfriend; AOR = 4.42; 95% CI, 2.4–8.05), having a roommate with a boyfriend (AOR = 4; 95% CI, 2.8–7.6), and studying in the pharmacy department (AOR = 3.0; 95% CI, 1.1–7.6). This study found that a considerable number of female students were survivors of GBV while at college. The college authorities and other stakeholders need to combat GBV with interventions, such as GBV awareness programs, and legal protections.
A Postmodern Riddle? Gaps, Inferences and Mark’s Abrupt Ending
Authors: Iverson Kelly R.
Published: October 2021

It is widely acknowledged that Mark’s abrupt ending (16.8) is best understood as a deliberate narrative device. Despite this ‘new consensus’, a number of scholars continue to assert that this approach is not only problematic but also depends on a postmodern perspective that overemphasizes the reader/audience. This article argues that Mark’s ending has been crafted in order to invoke a predictive inference that encourages the interpreter to imagine events beyond the concluding scene of the narrative. In dialogue with the cognitive sciences, it is argued that the inferential processes that govern this activity have been shaped by evolutionary developments. Although the new consensus has often been articulated in conversation with modern literary theory, there is an underlying, cognitive basis for the approach that has seldom been appreciated by NT scholars.
Clinical Biomarkers in Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: Samarrai Ruwaa , Rahman Khalil , Parham Kourosh
Published: October 2021

Objective

The purpose of this paper is to review the literature and compile promising and clinically relevant biomarkers in otolaryngology—head & neck surgery not related to autoimmune disorders.

Study Design

Narrative review.

Methods

PubMed and Google Scholar were queried using combined key words such as “biomarkers” and “otolaryngology.” Additional queries were made with combined key words such as “biomarkers” and a particular subspecialty such as “rhinology” or “otology” to maximize yield of relevant titles. Subsequently, specific biomarkers identified, such as “beta-2 transferrin,” were used as key words. Relevant titles were reviewed and selected for abstract review. Applicable abstracts were then selected for review of the full text.

Results

Biomarkers currently in clinical use within the field of otolaryngology were included in this review. The compiled biomarkers were then detailed individually regarding their molecular characteristics, function, and clinical significance.

Conclusions

The number of biomarkers in use in otolaryngology is rapidly expanding representing a new diagnostic modality for our field. This review defines the key biomarkers that are currently or likely to be soon translated into clinical use within the field of otolaryngology. The majority of these biomarkers are in the form of proteins such as beta-2 transferrin, thyroglobulin, and P16. Given their growing impact on diagnosis, management and surveillance of otolaryngologic disorders periodic surveys are needed for education and to guide further advances and applications of otolaryngologic biomarkers.
A Four-Week Otolaryngology Virtual Educational Curriculum for Prospective Applicants
Authors: Lee Jaclyn , Stevens Madelyn N. , Landeen Kelly C. , Lipscomb Brittany E. , Whigham Amy S.
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic led to a suspension of visiting student rotations across the United States. For senior medical students applying into surgical subspecialties, such as otolaryngology, these away rotations serve a vital role in the residency application process. Prior to the pandemic, there was not a virtual alternative to in-person visiting student rotations for applicants. We developed a replicable and expandable program focused on helping prospective otolaryngology applicants (fourth-year medical students) gain exposure to the experiences typically offered via in-person rotations. The goal was to improve otolaryngology-specific knowledge and to help applicants demonstrate specific program interest, without the financial and logistical challenges associated with in-person away rotations.
Re-Picturing the Reception of the Spirit with Ritual Experience: The Role of Baptism in 1 Corinthians 12:13
Authors: Chang Kai Hsuan
Published: October 2021

In this article, I argue that the ritual experience of water-baptism plays an essential role in Paul's metaphorical expression and rhetorical purpose in 1 Corinthians 12:13. To explore the role of baptism, I use conceptual blending theory from cognitive linguistics to define and demonstrate the metaphorical ways in which ritual functions in the human mind. In so doing, I emphasize the performance of a ritual itself and the contextual perception of its performance, arguing for a metaphorical relationship between the two. I apply conceptual blending analysis to interpret the complex interplay of three metaphors in 1 Corinthians 12:13. I argue that Paul forms a conceptual blend of three metaphors in this verse, and that baptism, the water-rite, plays a pivotal role in this blend by providing the physical pattern of immersion and the cultural understanding of this immersion as a new belonging. Using baptism, Paul achieves his purpose of re-picturing the reception of the Spirit and appealing for social union. This verse thus presents an excellent case of the role of ritual in the emergence of early Christianity and the explanatory power of ritual studies to the New Testament texts.
Cevimeline co-treatment attenuates olanzapine-induced metabolic disorders via modulating hepatic M3 muscarinic receptor: AMPKα signalling pathway in female rats
Authors: Han Mei , Lian Jiamei , Su Yueqing , Deng Chao
Published: October 2021

Background:

Olanzapine is one of the most commonly used antipsychotic drugs; however, its metabolic disorders are the main obstacle in the clinic. Olanzapine is a potent antagonist of the M3 acetylcholine muscarinic receptor (M3R), while the downregulated hepatic M3R-AMPKα signalling pathway is involved in metabolic disorders.

Aim:

This study investigated the effects of chronic co-treatment with cevimeline (an agonist of M3Rs) in attenuating olanzapine-induced metabolic disorders and the underlying mechanisms.

Methods:

Forty-eight adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally with olanzapine (2 mg/kg, 3 times/day (t.i.d.)) and/or cevimeline (9 mg/kg, t.i.d.), or control (vehicle) for 9 weeks.

Results:

Cevimeline co-treatment significantly attenuated olanzapine-induced body weight gain and glucolipid metabolic disorders. Importantly, cevimeline co-treatment attenuated olanzapine-induced upregulation of M3Rs, while the co-treatment improved olanzapine-induced downregulation of AMPKα in the liver. Cevimeline co-treatment attenuated olanzapine-induced dyslipidaemia by modulating the hepatic M3R-AMPKα downstream pathways. Cevimeline co-treatment also improved lower activated AKT-GSK3β signalling to reverse impairment of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance caused by chronic olanzapine treatment.

Conclusion:

These results not only support the important role of M3R antagonism and its related AMPKα and downstream pathways in antipsychotic-induced metabolic disorders but also indicate that these pathways might be promising targets for pharmacological intervention to control these side effects caused by antipsychotic therapy.
Tenascin-C induction exacerbates post-stroke brain damage
Authors: Chelluboina Bharath , Chokkalla Anil K , Mehta Suresh L , Morris-Blanco Kahlilia C , Bathula Saivenkateshkomal , Sankar Sneha , Park Jin Soo , Vemuganti Raghu
Published: October 2021

The role of tenascin-C (TNC) in ischemic stroke pathology is not known despite its prognostic association with cerebrovascular diseases. Here, we investigated the effect of TNC knockdown on post-stroke brain damage and its putative mechanism of action in adult mice of both sexes. Male and female C57BL/6 mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and injected (i.v.) with either TNC siRNA or a negative (non-targeting) siRNA at 5 min after reperfusion. Motor function (beam walk and rotarod tests) was assessed between days 1 and 14 of reperfusion. Infarct volume (T2-MRI), BBB damage (T1-MRI with contrast), and inflammatory markers were measured at 3 days of reperfusion. The TNC siRNA treated cohort showed significantly curtailed post-stroke TNC protein expression, motor dysfunction, infarction, BBB damage, and inflammation compared to the sex-matched negative siRNA treated cohort. These results demonstrate that the induction of TNC during the acute period after stroke might be a mediator of post-ischemic inflammation and secondary brain damage independent of sex.
Diagnostic and prognostic nomograms for bone metastasis in small cell lung cancer
Authors: Liu Chenan , Yi Jiahong , Jia Junmei
Published: October 2021

Objective

Patients with bone metastasis (BM) of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) have a poor prognosis. We aimed to identify predictors and prognostic factors in patients with BM of SCLC and construct nomograms to predict BM.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 18,187 cases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database reported between 2010 and 2016. Differences in overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were evaluated after propensity score matching. Independent predictors for BM and prognostic factors for patients with BM of SCLC were determined using univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Two nomograms were constructed and evaluated using C-statistics.

Results

BM was observed in 4014 (22.07%) patients. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed significant differences between BM and non-BM groups. The median OS for patients with and without BM was 6 and 7 months, respectively. The median CSS for patients with and without BM was 9 and 13 months, respectively. Age, sex, tumor size, N stage, chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, and liver/brain/lung metastases were related to BM and independent prognostic factors for OS and CSS. Diagnostic and prognostic nomograms were generated.

Conclusion

Our nomograms predicted the incidence of BM and the 5-month survival rate of patients with SCLC and BM.
Unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss with vertigo as a first symptom of bilateral internal auditory canal metastases: a case report
Authors: Cho Kyoung Rai , Choi Jeong Hwan , Kim Bo Young , Chang Young-Soo
Published: October 2021

There have been relatively few reports of bilateral internal auditory canal metastases of asymptomatic primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma presenting as unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss and vertigo. We report a case of a 60-year-old male patient who complained of sudden hearing loss in the right ear and vertigo. Upon a physical examination, no definite neurological signs or nystagmus were observed. Pure-tone audiometry showed deafness in the right ear at all frequencies and high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss in the left ear. The video head impulse test suggested bilateral vestibulopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain (with gadolinium contrast) revealed bilateral internal auditory canal enhancement and a variable-sized nodular and peripheral-enhancing lesion in the cerebrum and the right cerebellum. A computed tomographic and bronchoscopic biopsy identified asymptomatic primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma in the left upper lobe of the lungs. This is a rare report of bilateral internal auditory canal metastases in an asymptomatic patient with primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma who initially presented with symptoms of unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss with vertigo.
‘Without the support of my family, I couldn’t do the job’: Foster carers’ perspectives on informal supports in the role
Authors: Butler Laura , McGinnis Emma
Published: October 2021

Fostering agencies face increasing challenges recruiting and retaining foster carers while the number of children requiring foster placements continues to rise annually. This Northern Ireland study used qualitative methods with 11 foster carers to understand: if they had any expectation of support from family and friends in the role; and where this was available, whether it promoted their resilience in continuing as foster carers. Most foster carers in the study reported experiencing positive input from family, with a few exceptions. Carers’ adult children were considered particularly helpful, with some becoming advocates for fostering. While a number of the carers experienced good support from friends, a clear understanding of the fostering role at critical times, including during the carers’ life stages, was key to the experience of support from both family or friends. All participating foster carers were female. Implications for practice include examining opportunities for developing and facilitating the support potential of adult children, extended family and friends. These could include focused information and tailored training, together with creative user-led approaches for organisations to harness this under-utilised yet fundamental support.
One Bony Morphology, Two Pathologic Entities: Sex-Based Differences in Patients With Borderline Hip Dysplasia Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Saks Benjamin R. , Fox James D. , Owens Jade S. , Maldonado David R. , Jimenez Andrew E. , Ankem Hari K. , Lall Ajay C. , Domb Benjamin G.
Published: October 2021

Background:

Sex-based differences have been largely uncharacterized for patients with borderline hip dysplasia (BHD) undergoing hip arthroscopy.

Purpose:

To evaluate for sex-based differences in clinical and pathologic characteristics as well as surgical outcomes in patients with BHD undergoing hip arthroscopy.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Between January 2011 and December 2018, data were prospectively collected on all patients with BHD undergoing primary hip arthroscopy. Patients were included if they had preoperative and minimum 2-year postoperative scores for the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Non-arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), and visual analog scale for pain. Patients with previous ipsilateral hip conditions or surgery, Tönnis grade >1, lateral center-edge angle <18° or >25°, or workers’ compensation status were excluded. Patients were then divided by sex and propensity score matched in a 1:1 ratio for body mass index, age, and Tönnis grade. The rates of patients who achieved the minimal clinically important difference were recorded for the mHHS and NAHS. The rates of achieving the patient acceptable symptomatic state for the mHHS were calculated.

Results:

A total of 344 hips met the inclusion criteria, and 317 hips (92%) had adequate follow-up. Propensity score matching created cohorts of 109 male and 109 female patients. Male patients had significantly higher preoperative average alpha angles (69.79° vs 58.17°, P < .001), more often requiring a femoroplasty (97.2% vs 83.5%, P < .001), and had higher rates of complex labral tearing (50.5% vs 33.0%, P < .001). Male patients also had higher rates of grade 3 and 4 acetabular labral articular disruption (62.4% vs 19.3%, P < .001) and higher rates of grade 3 and 4 acetabular cartilage injury (59.6% vs 20.2%, P < .001) requiring a microfracture more frequently (32.1% vs 7.3%, P < .001). Female patients more typically had painful internal snapping requiring iliopsoas fractional lengthening (60.6% vs 32.1%, P < .001). Female patients also underwent capsular plication more regularly to address hip instability (79.8% vs 45.9%, P < .001). Male and female patients showed significant improvements in all outcome scores after surgery ( P < .001). Female patients achieved the minimal clinically important difference for the NAHS at higher rates (85.3% vs 71.6%, P = .020).

Conclusion:

Female and male patients with BHD who underwent hip arthroscopy achieved favorable outcomes but had notably dissimilar pathology. Hence, although they share similar acetabular bony morphology, male and female patients with BHD may represent 2 very different pathologic entities.
Evaluating the efficacy of bimanual compression of abdomen-flank to control postoperative bleeding after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Maghsoudi Robab , Etemadian Masoud , Abian Nasrollah , Soufian Saeed , Meshki Iraj , Kashi Amir H
Published: October 2021

Purpose:

To investigate the influence of bimanual compression of abdomen-flank to control bleeding after completion of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) including tubeless PCNL.

Materials and methods:

This study is a parallel-group randomized clinical trial with 1:1:1 randomization. Ninety patients who were candidates for PCNL during July to October 2019 were enrolled. After completion of PCNL operation, patients were randomized into three groups to receive bimanual abdomen-flank compression for 0, 3, and 7 min by the operating surgeon with the opening of sealed envelopes (groups 0, 3, and 7 min afterwards). Preoperative, 24, and 48 h postoperative hemoglobin (Hb) and electrolytes were collected. The primary endpoint of interest was the comparison of 48-h blood loss across study groups. Secondary endpoints included the percent drop in 24- and 48-h Hb, transfusion rates, and operation complications. This trial is registered at www.irct.ir with the following number: IRCT20190618043925N1 on 18 July 2019.

Results:

There was no statistically significant difference in study groups regarding stone mass, stone location, access location, and patients’ age (all p > 0.05). The medians (IQR) of 48-h blood loss were 490 mL (105–916), 338 mL (160–933), and 413 mL (71–650) in groups of 0, 3, and 7 min. The percent drop in 24-h postoperative Hb relative to preoperative Hb were 11.5 ± 8.6% versus 9.2 ± 7.3% versus 9.3 ± 6.8% ( p = 0.44) and relative values for the percent drop in 48-h Hb relative to preoperative Hb were 8.6 ± 8.7% versus 9.5 ± 9.9% versus 7.2 ± 9.6% ( p = 0.63) in groups of 0, 3, and 7 min respectively. Transfusion was needed in four patients in group 0 min, five patients in group 3 min, and three patients in group 7 min.

Conclusions:

The results of this study reveal that postoperative bimanual compression of abdomen-flank has no statistically significant influence on the control of bleeding after PCNL operations.
Subnasal Lip Lift: A RealSelf Social Media Analysis
Authors: Carole Arnold Monique , Tomar Sanjeevani , Honeybrook Adam
Published: October 2021

Background:

Social media is a mainstream method for patient reporting of satisfaction with cosmetic procedures, but few studies have reported on this for subnasal lip lifts.

Methods:

We performed a social media analysis to identify patient satisfaction with subnasal lip lifts using 578 consecutive reviews on the RealSelf Web site from lip lift surgery patients between January 2010 and June 2019. Reasons for choosing a surgeon and liking the surgical outcome, surgical and demographic variables, cost, and overall “worth it” scores were recorded, and data analyses were conducted.

Results:

Most reviewers were female (526, 97.2%). Predominant reasons for choosing surgeons related to favorable surgeon personality (214, 37.0%) and skillset/artistry (125, 21.6%), and positive rapport established during consultation (88, 15.2%). The aggregate “Worth It Rating” of lip lift surgery using RealSelf’s methodology was 91.6%. The main reasons for liking surgical outcome were that they looked younger, more feminine, and “balanced” (97, 16.8%); they liked the new shape and fullness of their lips (58, 10.0%); and they liked that their teeth showed when smiling (30, 5.2%).

Conclusions and relevance:

Overall satisfaction with lip lift surgery is high. Many patients chose their surgeon based on favorable personality traits, emotional connections, and surgeon skillset.
VEGF aptamer/i-motif-grafted multi-functional SPION nanocarrier for chemotherapeutic/phototherapeutic synergistic research
Authors: Fu Bo , Lin Hui-Chao , Liu Ying-Chun , Lin Jie-Rou , Xiong Wen-Ming , Deng Shu-Jun , Chen Nian , Liang Rui , Zhao Ping
Published: October 2021

Chemotherapeutic agents and photosensitizers often suffer from poor tumor selectivity, high side toxicity, or low water solubility. To address these problems, various drug delivery systems (DDS) have been explored but most of them are toxic, difficult to synthesize, or of single function. In order to design a highly biocompatible, conveniently prepared, multi-functional drug delivery system, herein, an aptamer of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and a cytosine (C)-DNA fragment were grafted on the surface of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION), and then a chemotherapeutic agent daunomycin (DNM) and a photosensitizer 5, 10, 15, 20-tetra (phenyl-4-N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin (TMPyP) were self-assembled with the hybridized VEGF-based DNA structure. By loading DNM and TMPyP, the DDS displayed strong chemotherapeutic/phototherapeutic capability against cancer cells via mechanisms such as mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS elevation, which triggered the apoptosis of the tumor cells. The dual delivery of chemotherapeutical agents and photosensitizers with aptamer/C-rich DNA successfully integrated the functions of pH stimuli-responsive drug release and chemotherapeutic/phototherapeutic modalities into one single system and thus could be considered as an ideal drug delivery vehicle with great potential in clinic.
Polyimides from 2,5-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)benzoyl]furan and their thermal crosslinking reaction
Authors: Ma Kai , Jiang Hanzhou , Chen Guofei , Wang Wei , Zhang Yonggang
Published: October 2021

Several polyimides were prepared via two-step polycondensation from novel 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid–based diamine, 2,5-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)benzoyl]furan, with commercial dianhydrides. The chemical structures of the monomers and polymers were characterized by FT-IR and NMR in detail, respectively. The polyimides exhibited high performances with 5 wt% weight loss temperatures of over 410 oC, glass transition temperatures of over 214 oC, and tensile strengths and Young’s moduli of up to 130 MPa and 3.2 GPa, respectively. The thermal crosslinking mechanism was studied by FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, and model reaction analysis, which showed the Diels–Alder reaction between the furan group and diphenylethylene group was the main reaction. The crosslinked polyimide films showed improved solvent resistance, and thermal and mechanical properties.
A novel process of sheet metal inverse bulging pre-deformation for deep drawing forming using magnetorheological fluid as flexible media
Authors: Mu Yuanyuan , Li Feng , Li Chao , Liu Zhenyu , Xu Jie
Published: October 2021

At the Magnetic field condition, the surface quality of formed parts can be improved significantly. To investigate the technical advantages of Magnetorheological (MR) fluid as a soft media, eliminate the defects of the parts because of the complex deformation, such as wrinkling, cracking, and over thinning. A new method of sheet deep drawing forming with MR fluid through inverse bulging pre-forming was proposed, which has made the wall thickness distribution more uniform and changed the stress distribution of sheet by changing the rheological property of MR fluid. The theoretical pressure transfer model of MR fluid as media and the configuration model of inverse bulging pre-forming are established. It can be concluded that the relationship between bulge height and load time have been shown consistency compared with experimental results and agree well with the theoretical analysis. And the configuration model have shown good agreement from the experiments results and the numerical results espectively with theoretical results. The uniformity of the wall thickness and the surface quality of the deep-drawn parts are improved significantly with the increase of the inverse bulging height. When the inverse bulging height is about 9 mm, the pre-forming effect is optimal, which provides theoretical guidance and is of much potential to the forming of the and thin-walled complex parts in industry fields.
Road intersections vehicle tracking based on multi-layer graphs and multi-angle
Authors: Liu Xiangqian , Yan Juan , Yang Huibin , Jia Xiwei
Published: October 2021

Aiming at the problem of tracking uncertain vehicle motion flow at intersections, a method based on multi-level graphs and multi-angle is proposed. Firstly, each motion flow is assigned to different layers with diverse neighborhoods by using the constructed multi-layer graphs. Secondly, all multi-layer graphics under multi-angle views are mapped to the selected main view. Finally, the vehicle tracking is realized by solving the shortest path of the mapping main view motion flow. Through the experiment and analysis of vehicle tracking at intersections, the results show that this method can effectively predict vehicle trajectory for uncertain vehicle flow at intersections, and the misjudgment rate between tracking effect and the real situation on the ground is less than 6%, which can provide a new method for vehicle tracking in intelligent transportation.
Distributed attitude consensus tracking control for spacecraft formation flying via adaptive nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control
Authors: Xie Xiong , Sheng Tao , He Liang , Chen Zhijun , Zhao Yong
Published: October 2021

This article investigates the distributed attitude consensus tracking control for spacecraft formation flying with unknown external disturbances and model uncertainties. First, a terminal sliding mode disturbance observer (TSMDO) is constructed to estimate the generalized disturbances including external disturbances and model uncertainties. The finite-time convergence of the estimation errors using TSMDO is analyzed. Second, a variable structure control law is developed to avoid introducing initial errors of the TSMDO. Third, a novel adaptive nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode (ANFTSM) control law based on TSMDO is proposed to ensure the convergence of attitude tracking errors to zero. Based on theoretical analysis, the finite-time stability can be guaranteed by Lyapunov theory. Finally, the effectiveness of the developed control law is verified via numerical simulations.
Experiencing a Natural Disaster Temporarily Boosts Relationship Satisfaction in Newlywed Couples
Authors: Williamson Hannah C. , Bradbury Thomas N. , Karney Benjamin R.
Published: October 2021

How do natural disasters affect intimate relationships? Some research suggests that couples are brought closer together after a disaster, whereas other research suggests that relationships become more strained in the aftermath. Yet all of this work is limited by a lack of predisaster data that would allow for examination of how relationships actually change. The current study is the first to use longitudinal data collected before and after a natural disaster to examine its effect on relationship outcomes. Using a sample of 231 married couples in Harris County, Texas, who experienced Hurricane Harvey, we found that spouses experienced significant increases in satisfaction from before to after the hurricane, but the increase was temporary; couples decreased in satisfaction after the initial boost. Thus, couples appear to grow closer in the immediate aftermath of a natural disaster but then revert to their prehurricane levels of functioning as the recovery period continues.
CircRFWD2 Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of human Dental Pulp Stem Cells by Targeting miR-6817-5p Through BMP-Smad and p38 MAPK Pathway
Authors: Huang Xinqi , Pan Xuefeng , Zhang Bo , Huang Wei , Cen Xiao , Liu Jun , Zhao Zhihe
Published: October 2021

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are one promising cell source of mesenchymal stem cells in bone tissue engineering. However, it remains unknown that the molecules and signaling pathways involved in osteogenesis of DPSCs. Hence, this study investigated the functional roles and underlying mechanisms of circRFWD2 during osteogenesis of DPSCs. Knockdown of circRFWD2 suppressed osteogenesis of DPSCs significantly. Mechanistically, circRFWD2 could crosstalk with miR-6817-5p, which was an inhibitor of DPSCs osteogenesis. MiR-6817-5p functioned as a sponge of BMPR2, which regulated the phosphorylation of Smad5 and p38 to impact osteogenesis activity of DPSCs. Collectively, circRFWD2/miR-6817-5p/BMPR2 axis could regulate DPSCs osteogenesis via BMP-Smad and p38 MAPK pathway, which are novel mechanisms in the osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs and suggest potential therapeutic methods for bone defects regeneration.
Mobile Health Systems Affordability in India: Perspectives of Stakeholders
Authors: Pai Rajesh R. , Alathur Sreejith
Published: October 2021

Purpose:

The purpose of this study were to identify stakeholder perspective for achieving affordable and cost-effective system outcomes and what describes success associated with mHealth systems in India. This study identifies stakeholder views on (a) fundamental conditions for initiating mobile health (mHealth) systems and (b) desirable outcomes regarding affordable and cost-effectiveness of successful mHealth systems.

Design/Methodology/Approach:

This qualitative study uses existing models of affordability and used an inductive approach to organise emerging codes as per a priori themes. Data were collected from direct observations and 17 in-depth interviews both online and offline involving stakeholder, namely healthcare professionals, technology entrepreneurs and software developers working on health information and mHealth systems.

Findings:

Findings illustrated people’s need and unwillingness, lack of application infrastructure, ecosystem development, governmental policies, and training and support as factors influencing successful mHealth systems in India.

Originality/Value:

Earlier studies were less adequate in explaining mHealth systems affordability and cost-effectiveness from the perspective of stakeholder. The current study attempts to provide fundamental conditions and desirable outcomes that are considered to be valuable for developing mHealth systems. This makes healthcare providers with information of what needs to be considered for developing mHealth systems.
Universal Health System in India: Review and Directions for Future Research
Authors: Pandey Neeraj , Jha Sumi
Published: October 2021

The universal health system (UHS) was considered a utopian idea in emerging markets until countries like India initiated its implementation. The UHS is not a new phenomenon with countries, such as Canada, Ireland and the UK, having implemented it many decades ago in their respective countries. This study revisits the entire literature on UHS till date. The extant literature analysis has resulted in five research themes and has highlighted the challenges faced during the implementation of UHS in India. The future research directions for academia and a conceptual framework of UHS implementation is also proposed. This study suggests that there is a need for more studies on policy paradigms, improving accessibility, funding models, healthcare grid, manpower mapping and audit metrics for achieving the goal of equitable UHS implementation in India.
Single session family therapy for beginners: what difference does it make to psychiatry registrars to participate in family sessions in front of and behind the screen?
Authors: Cheah Danny , Hopkins Liza , Whitehead Richard
Published: October 2021

Objective

Current competencies required for fellowship of the RANZCP require psychiatry registrars to have experience in working with clients across all age groups, as well as working with families and the client’s wider network, however gaining this experience is not always easy for trainees. This paper reports on the experience of participating in Single Session Family Therapy (SSFT) during registrar training as a different modality for learning.

Method:

An online survey was conducted with fourteen registrars who had participated in SSFT during their child and adolescent rotation. Qualitative and simple quantitative data were collected and analysed.

Results:

Participating in SSFT during training was initially daunting, but had a positive effect on trainees, including influencing some towards focussing their future sub-specialisation in the child and youth area. Experience came through learning by doing, and seeing change. Registrars learnt about: understanding the role of the family; teamwork; technical skills; and gained confidence.

Conclusions:

Opportunities for trainees to participate in SSFT enables powerful learning beyond what can be taught in the classroom. Such opportunities may enhance registrars’ perceptions of family work, and may positively influence decision about future sub-specialisation.
Dyslexia in the Context of Social Work: Screening and Early Intervention
Authors: Schelbe Lisa , Pryce Jessica , Petscher Yaacov , Fien Hank , Stanley Christopher , Gearin Brian , Gaab Nadine
Published: October 2021

Dyslexia, the most common learning disability, is associated with poor academic, economic, vocational, and health outcomes. Disproportionately, dyslexia is undiagnosed and untreated in children who are Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) or who live in poverty. Early identification of and subsequent interventions for children at risk for dyslexia can effectively mitigate poor outcomes. While screening and interventions largely occur in schools, social workers across practice contexts have responsibilities to address dyslexia: identifying, referring, educating, and advocating. Social workers should address dyslexia to promote equity and improve quality of life and various outcomes across the life course. This article describes dyslexia, early screening, and interventions; dyslexia as a social justice issue; and social workers’ roles in addressing dyslexia.
Who Benefits From Brownfield Cleanup and Gentrification? Evidence From Chicago
Authors: Melstrom Richard T. , Mohammadi Rose , Schusler Tania , Krings Amy
Published: October 2021

This paper presents research on the distribution of economic benefits from brownfield cleanup and land development. There is growing concern that cleaning up blighted areas, including brownfields, can entrench inequality by disproportionately benefiting some demographic groups more than others. We look for evidence of disproportionate benefits by relating changes in move decisions to land use activity in Chicago using a heterogeneous sorting model. Our research produces two key insights: first, Black and Hispanic households benefit less than White households from brownfield cleanup and vacant land development. Second, owners appear to benefit more than renters from cleanup and development. Overall, these results provide evidence of differences associated with race and housing tenure in who benefits from local land use actions.
The Feline Cardiomyopathies: 1. General concepts
Authors: Kittleson Mark D , Côté Etienne
Published: October 2021

Practical relevance:

The feline cardiomyopathies are the most prevalent type of heart disease in adult domestic cats. Several forms have been identified (see Parts 2 and 3), with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) being the most common. Clinically the cardiomyopathies are often indistinguishable. Cats with subclinical cardiomyopathy may or may not have characteristic physical examination findings (eg, heart murmur, gallop sound), or radiographic cardiomegaly. Cats with severe disease may develop signs of heart failure (eg, dyspnea, tachypnea) or systemic arterial thromboembolism (ATE; eg, pain and paralysis). Sudden death is possible. Treatment usually does not alter the progression from subclinical to clinical disease and often the treatment approach, once clinical signs are apparent, is the same regardless of the type of cardiomyopathy. However, differentiating cardiomyopathy from normal variation may be important prognostically.

Patient group:

Domestic cats of any age from 3 months upward, of either sex and of any breed, can be affected. Mixed-breed cats are most commonly affected but certain breeds are disproportionately prone to developing HCM.

Diagnostics:

Subclinical feline cardiomyopathies may be suspected based on physical examination findings, thoracic radiographs and cardiac biomarker results but often the disease is clinically silent. The definitive clinical confirmatory test is echocardiography. Left heart failure (pulmonary edema and/or pleural effusion) is most commonly diagnosed radiographically, but point-of-care ultrasound and amino terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) biomarker testing can also be useful, especially when the stress of taking radiographs is best avoided.

Key findings:

Knowledge of pathophysiological mechanisms helps the practitioner identify the feline cardiomyopathies and understand how these diseases progress and how they manifest clinically (heart failure, ATE). Existing diagnostic tests have strengths and limitations, and being aware of these can help a practitioner deliver optimal recommendations regarding referral.

Conclusions:

Several types of feline cardiomyopathies exist in both subclinical (mild to severe disease) and clinical (severe disease) phases. Heart failure and ATE are the most common clinical manifestations of severe cardiomyopathy and are therapeutic targets regardless of the type of cardiomyopathy. The long-term prognosis is often guarded or poor once overt clinical manifestations are present.

Areas of uncertainty:

Some cats with presumed cardiomyopathy do not have echocardiographic features that fit the classic cardiomyopathies (cardiomyopathy – nonspecific phenotype). Although no definitive treatment is usually available, understanding how cardiomyopathies evolve remains worthy of investigation.
Correlates of Lifetime and Past Month Vape Use in a Sample of Canadian University Students
Authors: Seabrook Jamie A , Twynstra Jasna , Gilliland Jason A
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

This study examines correlates of lifetime (ie, ever vaped) and past month vape use among students aged 17 to 19 years, 20 to 25 years, and 26+ years from Western University in London, Ontario. The secondary objective is to assess lifetime and past month vape use among students not of legal age to purchase vaping products in Ontario (ie, those 17 to 18 years only).

Methods:

Using Qualtrics, a cross-sectional survey was sent via email to all students at Western University (N = 38 442), assessing their current and past risk-taking behaviors, mental health, sociodemographic characteristics, as well as questions pertaining to their family structure and socioeconomic background during childhood. Students were asked if they had ever vaped in their lifetime and about past month vape use. Logistic regression models were used to assess correlates of lifetime and past month vape use.

Results:

The sample consisted of 2626 university students. Compared to those ages 26+ years, teenage university students were 10 times more likely to have vaped in the past month and males were twice as likely as females to have vaped. Alcohol use doubled the odds of vaping in the past month, whereas cigarette, cannabis, or cocaine use approximately tripled the odds. Students who reported many sexual partners were far more likely to have vaped in the past month.

Conclusion:

Vape use is more common among teenage university students, males, those who drink alcohol, smoke, use cannabis or cocaine, and who report many sexual partners.