bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable development and challenges in Arctic harbors
Authors: Volkova Yulia , Belyaev Nikolay , Belousova Vita , Frolova Irina , Averchenko Gleb
Published: April 2024

Arctic harbors serve as crucial gateways to economic development and scientific exploration in the Arctic region, yet they face unique challenges stemming from environmental, social, and cultural factors. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the multifaceted dimensions of Arctic harbor development, exploring the economic importance, technological innovations, environmental challenges, and social and cultural considerations shaping the future of Arctic harbors. We highlight the significance of sustainable development principles in guiding harbor planning and management, emphasizing the importance of integrating indigenous perspectives, fostering community engagement, and embracing innovative technologies to achieve long-term resilience and well-being in the Arctic. By navigating the complexities of Arctic harbor development with foresight, collaboration, and a commitment to sustainability, we can chart a course toward a more prosperous, resilient, and inclusive Arctic future.
Review on wireless EV charging systems
Authors: Safonov A.Sh. , Khasanov T.A. , Shakurova Z.M. , Safin A.R. , Dolomanyuk L.V. , Gavrilov V.A.
Published: April 2024

The advent of electnc vehicles in our daily lives has led to a growing need for charging infrastructure. In contrast to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, electric vehicle charging takes a considerable amount of time. Several wireless charging systems for moving electric transport have been developed to address this issue, but each comes with its own set of usage limitations By using inductile wireless charging systems, it is possible to transfer massive amount of energy but at the cost of limited transmission distance. Optical charging systems provide theoretically unlimited transmission range, but they have low efficiency and are susceptible to any obstacles in radiation line.
Formation of a system of indicators for assessing the availability and results of using freight transport
Authors: Fedoskin V.V. , Bakulina G.N. , Chivileva I.V. , Martynushkin A.B. , Polyakov M.V.
Published: April 2024

It is important for any enterprise engaged in the production of products to have a sufficient number of freight vehicles at the enterprise for timely delivery of manufactured products to places of sale, as well as its efficient use. In order to analyze objectively the dynamics of availability, work results and evaluate the efficiency of using freight vehicles, a system of initial and absolute performance indicators was formed, characterizing the actual availability of vehicles, as well as the days of their stay at the enterprise; number of days spent waiting for repairs and undergoing repairs; actual number of days in work; total load capacity; time on duty; time spent in motion; volume of goods transported; technically possible scope of work (volume of cargo turnover); volume of work actually performed (volume of cargo turnover) and a number of others; the source of information was indicated and an algorithm for calculating indicators was given. Therefore, the following methods for calculating the main economic indicators will allow future specialists to familiarize themselves with methodological aspects of analyzing the activities of freight vehicles using a specific example.
Route planning of autonomous robots in three-dimensional logic space using mivar technologies
Authors: Kotsenko Anton , Andreev Aleksandr , Kim Radmir , Bazanova Anastasiia , Aladin Dmitry , Todua David , Marushchenko Aleksei , Varlamov Oleg
Published: April 2024

The paper describes an approach to using mivar technologies for planning three-dimensional robot routes, taking into account the given obstacles. This system is of great importance in increasing the autonomy of robots, as it will ultimately help us get closer to creating artificial intelligence in mechanical engineering. At present, there are many tasks related to automation and robotics that require non-trivial solutions. The article describes three models of three-dimensional logical space and presents a visualization of route construction in these spaces for robotic complexes. Obstacles in three-dimensional logical space are understood as the absence of graph vertices and transitions between them in a certain specific area. The use of mivar technologies of logical artificial intelligence in the field of transport systems allows to significantly speed up route planning thanks to a unique mivar algorithm for processing information, which allows creating systems capable of making decisions in real time. This work is intended for researchers dealing with the problem of three-dimensional route planning using mivar technologies.
Preserving Uruguay’s freshwater systems: the need to restrict invasive species introductions for sustainable production
Authors: Laufer Gabriel , Mazzeo Néstor
Published: April 2024

This manuscript critically examines the history of non-native aquatic species introductions in Uruguay, emphasizing the role of public institutions. Despite global concerns about biodiversity threats from these introductions, Uruguay’s reliance on animal production and aquaculture involving non-native species has grown since the 1980s. State institutions, despite past failures, have promoted these introductions without comprehensive risk assessments. Notable cases, including failed attempts with species like the herbivorous carp, American bullfrog, Nile tilapia, Australian redclaw crayfish, and American mink, raise concerns about invasive populations due to a lack of proper risk assessments and prevention measures. Previous examples were deficient in escape monitoring, oversight of specimens after farm closures, and considerations for the presence of new pathogens. This highlights the need for more informed and responsible approaches to prevent invasive species’ establishment, advocating for rigorous analysis and risk assessments before any introduction. We propose overcoming historically fragmented decision-making processes by establishing a bridging structure that coordinates inter- and intra-institutional efforts, engages with the academic sector and social organizations, and evaluates the introductions. This platform can prioritize protecting aquatic ecosystems, fostering sustainable growth, and maintaining ecological balance, contributing to the solution of the problem by facilitating coordinated efforts and engaging diverse stakeholders.
Effect of Modulated Masking on Cortical Auditory Evoked Potential in Normal Hearing Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Rocha Mônyka Ferreira Borges , Advíncula Karina Paes , Silva Jéssica Dayane da , Menezes Pedro de Lemos
Published: April 2024

Introduction The study of electrophysiological auditory measures with different types of masking makes it possible to understand temporal processing skills and the processes involved in speech recognition in noise situations. The use of modulated masking in cortical measures of hearing enables the obtainment of analysis parameters of the masking release and its impact on neural auditory processing.

Objective To investigate the behavior of cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) with modulated masking in the normal hearing population.

Data synthesis A total of 2,159 articles were identified in the initial search; of these, 12 were selected for full reading. After excluding studies that did not meet the eligibility criteria, six articles were included in the present systematic review.

The results show that the type of masking has an influence on cortical auditory behavior, indicating a different effect on neural posture rergarding CAEP responses. Modulated noise as masking in the CAEP record generated statistically higher and earlier responses compared with non-modulated/steady noise, evidenced by the results obtained in the meta-analysis with subgroup analysis. These responses may indicate an influence of the type of noise in the neural auditory coding.

Conclusion Better responses were observed in modulated masking in terms of the behavior of CAEPs. Decreased latency and increased amplitude of cortical measurements with the use of modulated noise indicate a lower masking effect of this noise in cortical auditory processing, evidencing the masking release phenomenon.
Awareness of Oral Cancer among Patients at a Tertiary Dental Care Center
Authors: A.G Deepa , G. Indu , S. Sudha , Nair Resmi G.
Published: April 2024

Objective Awareness of etiology and clinical presentation of oral cancer among general population would help in the early detection of oral cancer and a favorable outcome for the patients. The aim of the present study was to assess the awareness regarding oral cancer among patients of a tertiary dental care center.

Material and Methods A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among patients of a tertiary dental care center using a self-administered questionnaire comprising of 18 questions to assess the awareness related to risk factors, clinical presentation, and treatment options. Data was entered in MS Excel and analyzed using SPSS software version 28. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the data and percentage of patients responding to various options in questions. Association between variables was assessed by chi-square test. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results A total of 325 dental patients responded to the questionnaire. Tobacco smoking and chewing were identified well as risk factors by almost all respondents; however, alcohol, human papillomavirus, and poor oral hygiene were less identified. Statistically significant differences were observed in the people's awareness of oral cancer based on various sociodemographic variables.

Conclusion The patients had a basic awareness of oral cancer. However, they had limited knowledge on risk factors other than tobacco. Knowledge has to be improved on risk factors other than tobacco. Patient's level of awareness also varied based on socioeconomic differences among them. Oral cancer awareness programs conducted at the primary health center level may ensure proper awareness in the general population which could enable prevention and/or early detection of such conditions.
A Multicenter Study on the Challenges and Real-World Utilization of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Resource-Constrained Settings: Insights and Implications from India
Authors: Philips Ashwin Oommen , Cyriac Sunu , Unnikrishnan P. , Jose Anil T. , Rathnam Krishnakumar , Saju S.V. , Kayal Smita , Panda Soumya Surath , Moharana Lalatendu , Kilaru Sindhu , Sehrawat Amit , Sundriyal Deepak , Dhamija Puneet , Jain Deepak , K. Pamela Alice , Sachdeva Jaineet , Batta Nishant , Arora Raman , Arora Yogesh , Singh Harpreet , Anand Mridul , Sharma Ishu , Ganesan Prasanth
Published: April 2024

Using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized cancer treatment, but access and affordability remain significant challenges, particularly in resource-constrained settings. This multicenter study evaluated the utilization, outcomes, and challenges associated with ICIs in India. Data from multiple centers involving patients treated between January 2018 and December 2021 were retrospectively collected. Patient demographics, treatment indications, biomarker testing, financial coverage, toxicity, treatment discontinuation, clinical benefit, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Ninety-one patients were analyzed; lung cancer (39.6%) and renal cancer (11%) were the main indications for ICI use. Programmed death ligand 1 expression was tested in 40.7% and tumor mutational burden in 3.3%. Financial constraints influenced 41.8% of patients with out-of-pocket expenses. Treatment discontinuation due to financial constraints occurred in 17.6%, with 50% showing ongoing responses. The median number of cycles was 4; the median PFS was 4.6 months, and the median OS was 15.4 months. The lung cancer cohort had a median PFS of 5.7 months and a 1-year OS of 57.6%. Limited biomarker testing and 6.6% grade ¾ toxicities were observed. This study revealed challenges in ICI utilization in resource-constrained settings driven by financial constraints. Compared with prior studies, improved outcomes reflect better patient selection and evolving understanding of ICI use. However, in the absence of biosimilars, cost remains a significant barrier. Solutions to increase access include using lower doses, which may be as effective.
Evaluating the effectiveness of training of managerial and non-managerial bank employees using Kirkpatrick’s model for evaluation of training
Authors: Bahl Kayenaat , Kiran Ravi , Sharma Anupam
Published: April 2024

This research employs Kirkpatrick’s model, to assess the efficacy of training programmes for managerial and non-managerial employees in the banking sector using all the four components i.e., Reaction, Learning, Behavior and Results. Data were collected from 402 respondents from public, private and foreign sector banks. SEM-PLS was used to determine the relationship between the levels of the Kirkpatrick’s model for the evaluation of the training programs of the baking sector. The results suggest that all the four levels are interlinked and Kirkpatrick model was effective to evaluate the impact of training programs on employee motivation and bank performance. Reactions of employees (stage 1) have enhanced knowledge, and skills and has a positive and significant influence on learning (stage 2) and Behavior through job performance (stage 3) has a positive impact on results (stage 4). The results reflected that the adjusted R2 = 0.732 of the managerial level is more than that of the non-managerial level (R2 = 0.571). This indicates that the training is more effective on the Managerial level than the Non-Managerial level and that the managerial employees are more skilled and experienced in their jobs. The study is novel and one of the initial contributions to apply Kirkpatrick’s model to banking sector in India.
Between commons and anticommons: a nested common-private interface framework
Authors: Li Wenjun , Kerven Carol
Published: April 2024

The collapse of the former Soviet Union signaled failure of large-scale experiment in communitarian property. Privatization reform consequently was taken as the start point to transfer the planned economy to a market economy by the post socialist countries. This also occurred in economic transition countries such as China. However, in overcoming the tragedy of the commons privatization might create anticommons problems. Here we develop a nested common-private interface framework from the perspective of resource system and resource units and apply this framework to explain reforms of rangeland property in China and Kyrgyzstan. We confirmed that the root of the dilemma, either caused by commons or anticommons, can be attributed to the interface mismatch between individual elements and common elements. Trying to overcome the dilemma by changing property arrangements alone cannot eliminate the incentive mismatch caused by the common-private interface. Institutions aimed at alleviating the mismatch are accordingly required. Theoretically, this framework converts Ostrom’s concept of commons into liberal commons that the members have options to exit, which is becoming increasingly common in the current global context of marketization. In the real world, this framework can serve to understand the property reform progress of transition countries, and may enlighten future property reforms.
The development, shortcomings and future improvement of punitive damages for environmental torts in China—a reflection and comparative research
Authors: An Ran , Zhou Ying , Zhang Rongzhao
Published: April 2024

In the early 1990s, China introduced into its civil legal system the punitive damages system derived from the Anglo-American legal tradition, marking a significant legislative breakthrough among civil law countries. Currently, China is one of the countries with the greatest pressure to reduce emissions in the world, and more effective legal tools are needed for environmental governance. Therefore, in China’s Civil Code, which came into effect in January 2021, punitive damages for environmental torts were established, enabling the imposition of additional compensation for severe environmental pollution and ecological damage incidents and thus enhancing the deterrent effect of environmental laws. The construction of punitive damages for environmental torts in China has significant positive implications, but the provisions of the system are not perfect, leading to some confusion in its judicial practice. The United States has a very systematic and mature experience in the construction of punitive damages for environmental torts, which is worthy of reference for China. From a comparative research perspective, China’s punitive damages for environmental torts should particularly focus on issues such as expanding its scope of application, clarifying rules for determining compensation amounts, addressing issues of concurrent liability and optimizing related legislation.
Exploring solvation structure and transport behavior for rational design of advanced electrolytes for next generation of lithium batteries
Authors: Liu Xiaozhao , Koverga Volodymyr , Nguyen Hoai T. , Ngo Anh T. , Li Tao
Published: April 2024

The efficacy of electrolytes significantly affects battery performance, leading to the development of several strategies to enhance them. Despite this, the understanding of solvation structure remains inadequate. It is imperative to understand the structure–property–performance relationship of electrolytes using diverse techniques. This review explores the recent advancements in electrolyte design strategies for high capacity, high-voltage, wide-temperature, fast-charging, and safe applications. To begin, the current state-of-the-art electrolyte design directions are comprehensively reviewed. Subsequently, advanced techniques and computational methods used to understand the solvation structure are discussed. Additionally, the importance of high-throughput screening and advanced computation of electrolytes with the help of machine learning is emphasized. Finally, future horizons for studying electrolytes are proposed, aimed at improving battery performance and promoting their application in various fields by enhancing the microscopic understanding of electrolytes.
Research on the mechanism and process optimization of pulsed laser descaling of Q235 steel for offshore equipment
Authors: Yang Zhiyuan , Qu Wendong , Cai Wen , Shi Shanshan , Yu Zhonghan , Zhao Yuantao , Xu Yanlong , Li Wenge , Rong Xiancheng , Liu Yanbo
Published: April 2024

Corrosion pervades in every field of the public domain, with a particularly pronounced impact in the marine environment. Laser descaling technology, heralded as an environmentally conscious method, is progressively gaining prominence within the maritime domain. The associated theories and procedures have incrementally assumed a central role in scholarly investigations. This study meticulously delves into the evolution of rust on the surface of the Q235 steel. By employing a salt spray test, we study the growth dynamics of the rust layer on the Q235 steel. The inquiry encompasses an examination of the growth rates in both transverse and longitudinal orientations, coupled with an analysis of the composition of rust layers. Leveraging ANSYS simulation software and thermodynamic analysis, we delve into the parameters governing the descaling process, serving as a crucial reference for subsequent experimental descaling endeavors. The results stand to offer valuable insights into the advancement of descaling technology.
First-principles calculation of phase transitions and mechanical properties of (CoCrNi)100−xAlx (0 ≤ x ≤ 28 at. %) high-entropy alloys
Authors: Li Leilei , Zhai Shangyu
Published: April 2024

In the two-phase high-entropy alloys (HEAs) (i.e., FCC, BCC), the modulation of the BCC phase is crucial for improving the mechanical properties of FCC-type HEAs. The stability of the phase of (CoCrNi)100−xAlx (0 ≤ x ≤ 28 at. %) HEAs is studied using first-principles calculations. The Al content on the phase transition of CoCrNi HEAs is discussed. The theoretical values of lattice parameter a (x) increase with increasing Al concentration, which is consistent with the earlier experimental findings. The crystal structure transitions from the FCC to BCC crystal structure as the Al content increases. At x < 11.8 at. %, Al alloying lowers the elastic stability of the BCC and FCC phases, whereas excessive Al doping causes the FCC phase to BCC phase transition (x > 21.4 at. %). The crystal structure has an ideal mix phase of BCC and FCC at x = 18.8 at. %, which results in excellent strength-ductility synergy of HEAs. There is a phase transition point at x = 11.8 at. %, where there may be a competition between phase transition and dislocation nucleation, which improves strength. The work in this paper provides new ideas for the design of future high-performance duplex phase HEAs.
Linking fine root lifespan to root chemical and morphological traits—A global analysis
Authors: Hou Jiawen , McCormack M. Luke , Reich Peter B. , Sun Tao , Phillips Richard P. , Lambers Hans , Chen Han Y. H. , Ding Yiyang , Comas Louise H. , Valverde-Barrantes Oscar J. , Solly Emily F. , Freschet Gregoire T.
Published: April 2024

Fine root lifespan is a critical trait associated with contrasting root strategies of resource acquisition and protection. Yet, its position within the multidimensional “root economics space” synthesizing global root economics strategies is largely uncertain, and it is rarely represented in frameworks integrating plant trait variations. Here, we compiled the most comprehensive dataset of absorptive median root lifespan (MRL) data including 98 observations from 79 woody species using (mini-)rhizotrons across 40 sites and linked MRL to other plant traits to address questions of the regulators of MRL at large spatial scales. We demonstrate that MRL not only decreases with plant investment in root nitrogen (associated with more metabolically active tissues) but also increases with construction of larger diameter roots which is often associated with greater plant reliance on mycorrhizal symbionts. Although theories linking organ structure and function suggest that root traits should play a role in modulating MRL, we found no correlation between root traits associated with structural defense (root tissue density and specific root length) and MRL. Moreover, fine root and leaf lifespan were globally unrelated, except among evergreen species, suggesting contrasting evolutionary selection between leaves and roots facing contrasting environmental influences above vs. belowground. At large geographic scales, MRL was typically longer at sites with lower mean annual temperature and higher mean annual precipitation. Overall, this synthesis uncovered several key ecophysiological covariates and environmental drivers of MRL, highlighting broad avenues for accurate parametrization of global biogeochemical models and the understanding of ecosystem response to global climate change.
Extracellular vesicles released by keratinocytes regulate melanosome maturation, melanocyte dendricity, and pigment transfer
Authors: Prospéri Marie-Thérèse , Giordano Cécile , Gomez-Duro Mireia , Hurbain Ilse , Macé Anne-Sophie , Raposo Graça , D’Angelo Gisela
Published: April 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) facilitate the transfer of proteins, lipids, and genetic material between cells and are recognized as an additional mechanism for sustaining intercellular communication. In the epidermis, the communication between melanocytes and keratinocytes is tightly regulated to warrant skin pigmentation. Melanocytes synthesize the melanin pigment in melanosomes that are transported along the dendrites prior to the transfer of melanin pigment to keratinocytes. EVs secreted by keratinocytes modulate pigmentation in melanocytes [(A. Lo Cicero
et al.
,
Nat. Commun.
6
, 7506 (2015)]. However, whether EVs secreted by keratinocytes contribute to additional processes essential for melanocyte functions remains elusive. Here, we show that keratinocyte EVs enhance the ability of melanocytes to generate dendrites and mature melanosomes and promote their efficient transfer. Further, keratinocyte EVs carrying Rac1 induce important morphological changes, promote dendrite outgrowth, and potentiate melanin transfer to keratinocytes. Hence, in addition to modulating pigmentation, keratinocytes exploit EVs to control melanocyte plasticity and transfer capacity. These data demonstrate that keratinocyte-derived EVs, by regulating melanocyte functions, are major contributors to cutaneous pigmentation and expand our understanding of the mechanism underlying skin pigmentation via a paracrine EV-mediated communication.
Effects of glucose on survival, infectivity and linear movement of the cercariae of Echinostoma caproni
Authors: Ponder E.L. , Fried B.
Published: April 2024

The effects of glucose in artificial spring water (ASW) on the survival, infectivity, and linear movement of Echinostoma caproni cercariae were studied. Cercariae maintained at 23°C in 1% glucose in ASW (ASWG) or ASW alone, reached 50% survival at 26 and 23 h, respectively. All cercariae in ASWG and ASW were dead by 50 and 32 h, respectively. Infectivity to juvenile Helisoma trivolvis (Colorado strain) snails was significantly less for cercariae aged 16 h in ASWG compared to cercariae aged 16 h in ASW. Linear movement, i.e. the ability of cercariae to traverse a 1-cm radius, ceased at 16 and 20 h for cercariae maintained in ASWG and ASW, respectively. Glucose added to ASW extended the survival time of E. caproni cercariae but decreased their ability to infect snails or move in a linear direction.
Myosin’s powerstroke transitions define atomic scale movement of cardiac thin filament tropomyosin
Authors: Rynkiewicz Michael J. , Childers Matthew C. , Karpicheva Olga E. , Regnier Michael , Geeves Michael A. , Lehman William
Published: April 2024

Dynamic interactions between the myosin motor head on thick filaments and the actin molecular track on thin filaments drive the myosin-crossbridge cycle that powers muscle contraction. The process is initiated by Ca2+ and the opening of troponin–tropomyosin–blocked myosin-binding sites on actin. The ensuing recruitment of myosin heads and their transformation from pre-powerstroke to post-powerstroke conformation on actin produce the force required for contraction. Cryo-EM-based atomic models confirm that during this process, tropomyosin occupies three different average positions on actin. Tropomyosin pivoting on actin away from a TnI-imposed myosin-blocking position accounts for part of the Ca2+ activation observed. However, the structure of tropomyosin on thin filaments that follows pre-powerstroke myosin binding and its translocation during myosin’s pre-powerstroke to post-powerstroke transition remains unresolved. Here, we approach this transition computationally in silico. We used the myosin helix-loop-helix motif as an anchor to dock models of pre-powerstroke cardiac myosin to the cleft between neighboring actin subunits along cardiac thin filaments. We then performed targeted molecular dynamics simulations of the transition between pre- and post-powerstroke conformations on actin in the presence of cardiac troponin–tropomyosin. These simulations show Arg 369 and Glu 370 on the tip of myosin Loop-4 encountering identically charged residues on tropomyosin. The charge repulsion between residues causes tropomyosin translocation across actin, thus accounting for the final regulatory step in the activation of the thin filament, and, in turn, facilitating myosin movement along the filament. We suggest that during muscle activity, myosin-induced tropomyosin movement is likely to result in unencumbered myosin head interactions on actin at low-energy cost.
Experimental investigation of closed-loop active control to modulate coherent structures by mu-level method
Authors: Bai 白 Jian-Xia 建侠 , Fan 范 Zi-Ye 子椰 , Jiang 姜 Nan 楠 , Li 李 Qiu-Ying 秋营 , Zheng 郑 Xiao-Bo 小波
Published: April 2024

The experimental research on zero-net-mass-flux jet closed-loop active control was conducted in the wind tunnel. The mu-level method successfully detected burst events of the coherent structures. The streamwise velocity signals in the turbulent boundary layer were measured by HWA. The drag reduction rate of 16.7% is obtained comparable to that of the open-loop control and saves 75% of the input energy at the asynchronous 100 V/160 Hz control case, which reflects the advantages of the closed-loop control. The experimental findings indicate that the intensity increases in the near-wall region. The perturbation of the PZT vibrators on the skewness factor is concentrated in the region y
+ < 60. The generation of high-speed fluids is depressed and the downward effect of high-speed fluids weakens. The alteration of energy distribution and the discernible impact of modulation between structures of varying scales are observed. The correlation coefficient exhibits a strong positive correlation, which indicates that the large-scale structures produce modulation effect on small-scale ones. The occurrence of burst events is effectively suppressed. The disturbance has the characteristics of stable periodicity, positive and negative symmetry, low intermittency, and high pulsation strength. The conditional phase waveform shows that the fluctuation amplitude increases, indicating amplitude modulation effects on coherent structures.
Model-driven CT reconstruction algorithm for nano-resolution x-ray phase contrast imaging
Authors: Tan 谭 Yuhang 雨航 , Cai 蔡 Xuebao 学宝 , Yang 杨 Jiecheng 杰成 , Su 苏 Ting 婷 , Zheng 郑 Hairong 海荣 , Liang 梁 Dong 栋 , Zhu 朱 Peiping 佩平 , Ge 葛 Yongshuai 永帅
Published: April 2024

The low-density imaging performance of a zone plate-based nano-resolution hard x-ray computed tomography (CT) system can be significantly improved by incorporating a grating-based Lau interferometer. Due to the diffraction, however, the acquired nano-resolution phase signal may suffer splitting problem, which impedes the direct reconstruction of phase contrast CT (nPCT) images. To overcome, a new model-driven nPCT image reconstruction algorithm is developed in this study. In it, the diffraction procedure is mathematically modeled into a matrix
B
, from which the projections without signal splitting can be generated invertedly. Furthermore, a penalized weighted least-square model with total variation (PWLS-TV) is employed to denoise these projections, from which nPCT images with high accuracy are directly reconstructed. Numerical experiments demonstrate that this new algorithm is able to work with phase projections having any splitting distances. Moreover, results also reveal that nPCT images of higher signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) could be reconstructed from projections having larger splitting distances. In summary, a novel model-driven nPCT image reconstruction algorithm with high accuracy and robustness is verified for the Lau interferometer-based hard x-ray nano-resolution phase contrast imaging.
Quantum dynamics within curved thin layers with deviation
Authors: Cheng 程 Run 润 , Zhao 赵 Hao 浩 , Luo 罗 Cui-Bai 翠柏 , Zhou 周 Xuan 璇 , Wang 王 Bi-Li 必利 , Li 李 Yan-Biao 延标 , Wang 王 Jun 骏
Published: April 2024

Combining the deviation between thin layers’ adjacent surfaces with the confining potential method applied to the quantum curved systems, we derive the effective Schrödinger equation describing the particle constrained within a curved layer, accompanied by a general geometric potential V
gq composed of a compression-corrected geometric potential

V

gq

*

and a novel potential

V

gq

*
*

brought by the deviation. Applying this analysis to the cylindrical layer emerges two types of deviation-induced geometric potential, resulting from the the cases of slant deviation and tangent deviation, respectively, which strongly renormalizes the purely geometric potential and contribute to the energy spectrum based on a very substantial deepening of bound states they offer.
Effect of Y element on atomic structure, glass forming ability, and magnetic properties of FeBC alloy
Authors: Xiao 肖 Jin-Hua 晋桦 , Ding 丁 Da-Wei 大伟 , Li 李 Lin 琳 , Sun 孙 Yi-Tao 奕韬 , Li 李 Mao-Zhi 茂枝 , Wang 汪 Wei-Hua 卫华
Published: April 2024

The atomic structure of amorphous alloys plays a crucial role in determining both their glass-forming ability and magnetic properties. In this study, we investigate the influence of adding the Y element on the glass-forming ability and magnetic properties of Fe86−x
Y
x
B7C7 (x = 0, 5, 10 at.%) amorphous alloys via both experiments and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, we explore the correlation between local atomic structures and properties. Our results demonstrate that an increased Y content in the alloys leads to a higher proportion of icosahedral clusters, which can potentially enhance both glass-forming ability and thermal stability. These findings have been experimentally validated. The analysis of the electron energy density and magnetic moment of the alloy reveals that the addition of Y leads to hybridization between Y-4d and Fe-3d orbitals, resulting in a reduction in ferromagnetic coupling between Fe atoms. This subsequently reduces the magnetic moment of Fe atoms as well as the total magnetic moment of the system, which is consistent with experimental results. The results could help understand the relationship between atomic structure and magnetic property, and providing valuable insights for enhancing the performance of metallic glasses in industrial applications.
Unveiling the in-plane anisotropic dielectric waveguide modes in α-MoO3 flakes
Authors: Liao 廖 Ying 莹 , Chen 陈 Jianing 佳宁
Published: April 2024

The unique in-plane and out-of-plane anisotropy of α-MoO3 has attracted considerable interest with regard to potential optoelectronic applications. However, most research has focused on the mid-infrared spectrum, leaving its properties and applications in the visible and near-infrared light spectrum less explored. This study advances the understanding of waveguiding properties of α-MoO3 by near-field imaging of the waveguide modes along the [100] and [001] directions of α-MoO3 flakes at 633 nm and 785 nm. We investigate the effects of flake thickness and documented the modes’ dispersion relationships, which is crucial for tailoring the optical responses of α-MoO3 in device applications. Our findings enhance the field of research into α-MoO3, highlighting its utility in fabricating next-generation optoelectronic devices due to its unique optically anisotropic waveguide.
Relationship between disorder, magnetism and band topology in Mn(Sb1–x
Bi
x
)2Te4 single crystals
Authors: Xi 席 Ming 明 , Lei 雷 Hechang 和畅
Published: April 2024

We investigate the evolution of magnetic properties as well as the content and distribution of Mn for Mn(Sb1−x
Bi
x
)2Te4 single crystals grown by large-temperature-gradient chemical vapor transport method. It is found that the ferromagnetic MnSb2Te4 changes to antiferromagnetism with Bi doping when x ≥ 0.25. Further analysis implies that the occupations of Mn ions at Sb/Bi site MnSb/Bi and Mn site MnMn have a strong influence on the magnetic ground states of these systems. With the decrease of MnMn and increase of MnSb/Bi, the system will favor the ferromagnetic ground state. In addition, the rapid decrease of T
C/N with increasing Bi content when x ≤ 0.25 and the insensitivity of T
N to x when x > 0.25 suggest that the main magnetic interaction may change from the Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida type at low Bi doping region to the van-Vleck type in high Bi doped samples.
Arctic as the ‘radiator fins’ of Earth in a warming climate
Authors: Huang Han , Huang Yi
Published: April 2024

Earth radiates thermal radiation to balance the solar radiation it receives. Central to understanding climate change is how the radiation energy budget adjusts both globally and locally to external and internal forcing. In the past 18 years, satellite observations reveal a distinct positive trend of the Earth thermal radiation in the Arctic, which acts to radiate excess heating accumulating in the climate system to the space during global warming, i.e. a radiator fin region in a warming climate. Compared with other regions such as the tropics, the prominent trend in the Arctic results from a stronger surface and atmospheric warming and a less offsetting greenhouse effect of water vapor. Spectral decompositions further show the increase of thermal emission in the Arctic mainly originates from the far-infrared and mid-infrared window region and affirms the unbalanced radiative responses to temperature and humidity changes in these two spectral regions account for the unique thermal radiation trend in the Arctic.
Drought intensification in Brazilian catchments: implications for water and land management
Authors: Ballarin André S , Vargas Godoy Mijael Rodrigo , Zaerpour Masoud , Abdelmoaty Hebatallah M , Hatami Shadi , Gavasso-Rita Yohanne L , Wendland Edson , Papalexiou Simon Michael
Published: April 2024

Droughts exert widespread impacts on both natural and social systems, and there is accumulating evidence that this situation may worsen in the context of global warming. Despite the importance of assessing changes in droughts to understand their potential future impacts on society, studies are unevenly distributed worldwide. In this study, utilizing bias-corrected CMIP6 simulations and a standard precipitation-evaporation index based approach, we quantified expected changes in future drought properties across 735 Brazilian catchments under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. Beyond evaluating the statistical properties of future droughts, we assessed their occurrence under both land use and water demand perspectives and propose a new framework to better understand their link with changes in long- and short-term conditions of precipitation (

P

) and potential evapotranspiration (

PET

). Our results indicate that drought events are projected to become more frequent and severe in the future, with high CMIP6 model agreement. According to the SSP5-8.5 scenario, at least half of Brazilian cropland and pasture areas will experience an increase of over 30% in drought properties by the end of the century. Furthermore, among the 85% of catchments expected to experience more severe droughts, nearly 90% are also projected to exhibit increased water demand, which will likely exacerbate future water scarcity. The investigation of the relationship between droughts changes and climate variables suggests that catchments with augmented droughts in the future will likely exhibit increased long-term average

PET

and

P

-variability, but not necessarily long-term average

P

. For instance, over 50% of evaluated Brazilian catchments are expected to experience an intensification of drought properties even with increases in

P

mean

. We believe this study may contribute (a) to improve Brazilian water resiliency by helping achieve the objectives of the National Water Security Plan and (b) to deepen our understanding of droughts in an uncertain future.
Generalization of Balian–Brezin decomposition for exponentials with linear fermionic part
Authors: Seifi Mirjafarlou M A , Jafarizadeh A , Rajabpour M A
Published: April 2024

Fermionic Gaussian states have garnered considerable attention due to their intriguing properties, most notably Wick’s theorem. Expanding upon the work of Balian and Brezin, who generalized properties of fermionic Gaussian operators and states, we further extend their findings to incorporate Gaussian operators with a linear component. Leveraging a technique introduced by Colpa, we streamline the analysis and present a comprehensive extension of the Balian–Brezin decomposition to encompass exponentials involving linear terms. Furthermore, we introduce Gaussian states featuring a linear part and derive corresponding overlap formulas. Additionally, we generalize Wick’s theorem to encompass scenarios involving linear terms, facilitating the expression of generic expectation values in relation to one and two-point correlation functions. We also provide a brief commentary on the applicability of the BB decomposition in addressing the BCH (Zassenhaus) formulas within the

so

(
N
)

Lie algebra.
Chiral photothermoelectric effect driven by high-Q quasi-bound states in the continuum
Authors: Hu Yiqing , Yang Guofeng , Sang Tian , Wang Benxin , Wang Yueke
Published: April 2024

Bound states in continuum (BIC) have been proposed as a means to efficiently improve light-matter interactions in metasurfaces. While breaking the mirror symmetry of structure and developing BIC into a reachable and observable quasi-BIC, it is usually accompanied by the chiral phenomenon with high quality (Q) factor. Here, we report a spin-sensitive photodetector in the infrared (NIR) region comprising a silicon metasurface with chiral quasi-BIC, a silver layer, and a thermoelectric layer. A chiral quasi-BIC supported by a silicon metasurface can be realized under normal incidence. Based on finite element method simulations, a silicon metasurface with a silver layer shows a high Q-factor of 958.6 with a giant absorption circular dichroism of 0.83. Subsequently, we study the thermal performance of the chiral absorbers by using the heat transfer module of COMSOL. Combined with the thermoelectric material bismuth telluride, we calculate the differential photothermoelectric effects of the system under circular-polarized light irradiation. When the incident flux is 100 W cm−2, the output voltage under right-circular-polarization (left-circular-polarization) light reaches 0.59 mV (0.08 mV), which can be used for polarization detection. Therefore, our designed structure incorporating thermoelectricity broadens the applications of chiral BIC in sensors and detectors.
The interplay of topology and antiferromagnetic order in two-dimensional van der Waals crystals of (Ni
x
Fe1−x
)2P2S6
Authors: Khan N , Kumar D , Kumar V , Shemerliuk Y , Selter S , Büchner B , Pal K , Aswartham S , Kumar Pradeep
Published: April 2024

The Mermin–Wagner theorem forbids spontaneous symmetry breaking of spins in one/two-dimensional (2D) systems at a finite temperature and rules out the stabilization of this ordered state. However, it does not apply to all types of phase transitions in low dimensions, such as the topologically ordered phase rigorously shown by Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless (BKT) and experimentally realized in very limited systems such as superfluids and superconducting thin films. Quasi-2D van der Waals magnets provide an ideal platform to investigate the fundamentals of low-dimensional magnetism. We explored the quasi-2D honeycomb antiferromagnetic single crystals of (Ni
x
Fe1−x
)2P2S6 (x = 1, 0.7, 0.5, 0.3, and 0) using in-depth temperature-dependent Raman measurements supported by first-principles calculations of the phonon frequencies. Quite surprisingly, we observed renormalization of the phonon modes much below the long-range magnetic ordered temperature attributed to the topological ordered state, namely the BKT phase, which is also found to change as a function of doping. The extracted critical exponent of the order-parameter (spin–spin correlation length,

ξ
(
T
)

) evinces the signature of a topologically active state driven by vortex–antivortex excitations. As a function of doping, a tunable transition from paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic ordering is shown via phonons reflected in the strong renormalization of the self-energy parameters of the Raman active phonon modes. The extracted exchange parameter (J) is found to vary by ∼100% by increasing the value of doping, ranging from ∼6 meV (for x = 0.3) to 13 meV (for x = 1).
Effect of Al addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of IN718 alloy fabricated by laser deposition manufacturing
Authors: Wang C , Pan X D , Sun H , Yang G , Yi J Z , An D
Published: April 2024

The IN718 alloys with different Al contents were fabricated by laser deposition manufacturing (LDM) technology. The microstructure and tensile properties of LDMed IN718 alloy with different Al contents before and after homogenization-solution-double aging (HSA) treatment were analyzed. The as-deposited samples show dendrite structure which develops with the addition of Al element. The microstructure of the as-deposited samples mainly consists of the γ matrix, Laves phases and a small amount of carbides. The HSA treatment improves the precipitation of γ″, γ′ and δ strengthening phases, and with the Al content increasing, the γ′ phase increases, but the γ″ phase decreases. With the increasing of Al content, the tensile strength of as-deposited samples increases, but the elongation decreases. For HSA-treated samples, the IN718+0.5Al alloy shows the highest tensile strength and elongation. The tensile fracture surfaces of LDMed IN718 alloys show dimpled surfaces, indicating the transgranular ductile failure mode.
The high-frequency and rare events barriers to neural closures of atmospheric dynamics
Authors: Chekroun Mickaël D , Liu Honghu , Srinivasan Kaushik , McWilliams James C
Published: April 2024

Recent years have seen a surge in interest for leveraging neural networks to parameterize small-scale or fast processes in climate and turbulence models. In this short paper, we point out two fundamental issues in this endeavor. The first concerns the difficulties neural networks may experience in capturing rare events due to limitations in how data is sampled. The second arises from the inherent multiscale nature of these systems. They combine high-frequency components (like inertia-gravity waves) with slower, evolving processes (geostrophic motion). This multiscale nature creates a significant hurdle for neural network closures. To illustrate these challenges, we focus on the atmospheric 1980 Lorenz model, a simplified version of the Primitive Equations that drive climate models. This model serves as a compelling example because it captures the essence of these difficulties.
Innovations in nanomaterial-embedded polymer membranes for water and wastewater treatment: a comprehensive review
Authors: Nath Mithun Rani , Pal Kaushik , Imran Abu Bin , Chowdhury Al-Nakib
Published: April 2024

There has been growing interest in advancing nanoparticle-embedded polymeric membranes and their significant utilization in wastewater treatment to address the global water pollution problem. Incorporation of nanomaterials into the membrane matrices not only enhances the physicochemical properties like hydrophilicity, mechanical and thermal stability, porosity, antifouling, and antibacterial properties of the polymers but also influences the membrane permeability, selectivity, and several contaminant removals. This overview highlighted the development of nanomaterials like metal/metal oxide nanoparticles (0D), carbon nanotubes (1D), graphene or graphene oxide (GO) (2D layer materials), zwitterionic, zeolites, and associated structures (3D) blended with significant polymeric materials, along with synthesis and integration techniques for fabricating mixed-matrix nanoparticle-embedded polymer nanocomposite (PNC) membranes. This article also addresses the limitations of conventional water treatment technologies, recent challenges of polymer membrane technology, environmental impact, human considerations, and the prospects of these advanced nanoparticle-embedded polymer membranes for sustainable water and wastewater treatment. The motivation for future research in polymeric materials with embedded nanoparticles and the prediction of novel membranes for water purification will also be provided.