bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the influence of wind, vegetation and water sources on the spread of forest fires in the Brazilian Cerrado Biome using Cellular Automata
Authors: Brasiel Heitor C. , Lima Danielli A.
Published: July 2023

The fires in different Brazilian biomes have been increasingly frequent, leaving more and more consequences for the inhabitants, fauna, and flora of the affected region. Therefore, a computational model based on two-dimensional cellular automata was developed to simulate a real environment through software that predicts the behavior of the fire that starts at a predetermined location and spreads over a period of time. For the simulation, a mathematical-computational model based on cellular automata was developed in the Standard C Language, in which mathematical rules are given to order its evolution over time, generating more accurate results. Different scenarios were considered for the experiments, taking into account parameters such as combustion intensity, presence of wind, rivers, and homogeneous and heterogeneous vegetation. The results showed that these parameters can drastically affect the spread of the fire, with emphasis on the intensity of combustion in drier vegetation and the presence of water sources as a physical barrier.
An onto-phylogenetic journey through the life history of flying squids (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae)
Authors:   , Fernández Álvarez Fernando Ángel
Published: July 2023

Flying squids develop all its life cycle in the water column, as planktonic paralarvae and then as nektonic subadults and adults. In this Ph. D. Thesis, light was shed over several poorly understood aspects of the ontogeny and phylogeny of the Family Ommastrephidae. The mechanism of sperm migration from spermatangia to the female seminal receptacles was studied. Spermatozoa are able to actively migrate between both structures. The morphology of the hatchling of three Mediterranean ommastrephid species was studied based on embryos obtained by in vitro fertilization and a dichotomous key was develop to identify NE Atlantic species. The first feeding diet of paralarvae was assessed through laser-capture microdissection and DNA metabarcoding. The results indicate an ontogenetic shift from detritivorism to active predation. Molecular data indicate that the taxonomic name Ommastrephes bartramii actually hides four biological species. These advances in scientific knowledge have potential applications for a better understanding of the ecology, physiology, biodiversity and fishery science that will foster a deeper understanding of flying squids.

Las potas desarrollan todo su ciclo vital en la columna de agua, como paralarvas planctónicas y luego como subadultos y adultos nectónicos. En esta Tesis Doctoral, se ha arrojado luz sobre algunos aspectos poco estudiados de la ontogenia y la filogenia de Familia Ommastrephidae. Se estudió el mecanismo de migración espermática desde los espermatangios hasta los receptáculos seminales de la hembra. Los espermatozoides son capaces de migrar activamente entre ambas estructuras. Se estudió la morfología de los recién nacidos de tres especies mediterráneas de pota basándose en embriones generados por fecundación in vitro y se desarrolló una clave dicotómica para identificar las especies del Atlántico NE. Se estudió la primera alimentación de las paralarvas mediante una combinación de microdisección láser y DNA metabarcoding: los resultados indican una fase detritívora seguida de un cambio ontogenético hacia la depredación activa. Nuestros datos moleculares muestran que bajo el nombre taxonómico Ommastrephes bartramii en realidad se esconden cuatro especies biológicas. Estos avances en el conocimiento científico tienen aplicaciones potenciales para una mejor comprensión de la ecología, fisiología, biodiversidad y ciencia pesquera de las potas
Specific of the closing phase in psychodrama
Authors: Mocanu Viorica
Published: July 2023

The article presents an attempt to describe the final stage of classical psychodrama – sharing, during which group members share theirs feelings, as well as the similarity of their experiences and life situations that they noticed with the experiences and life situations of the protagonist. This stage is important for the protagonist and the group as a whole, because it promotes group cohesion and their mutual acceptance; because it creates a feeling of relief from understanding some the causes and sources of problems. This happens in both parts of sharing – in role feedback (sharing from role) and identification feedback (sharing from oneself). Sharing from a role gives the protagonist an invaluable understanding of the situation being played, and sharing from oneself expresses feeling to the protagonist or one of the roles. In this way, the protagonist, by receiving feedback, is able to see his or her problem in a bigger and deeper way, relating it to other people`s experiences. The article also discusses the difficulties in the case of intense and uncomfortable sharing; about the need to take into account the time limits of the session so that the protagonist and the group have time to complete, cool down, and separate themselves from the therapists, as well as to restore protection for contact with the outside world.
Calidad de atencion relacionada al nivel de satisfaccion de los usuarios de consulta externa de medicina general del hospital II San Jose de Chincha- MINSA 2020
Authors:   , Napa Del Rio Carmen del Rosario
Published: July 2023

“Introducción”: La calidad es un conjunto de atributos y cualidades de un servicio o producto la cual contiene características adecuadas para satisfacer las necesidades, preferencias y expectativas que tiene el consumidor logrando un nivel de satisfacción adecuada. “Objetivo”: El presente estudio tiene como finalidad, determinar la “Relación entre la calidad de atención y el nivel de satisfacción de los usuarios de consulta externa de Medicina General del Hospital” II “San José de Chincha” durante el periodo de “Enero a Febrero del 2020”. “Material y Métodos”: Se realizó un estudio correlacional, de tipo observacional de corte transversal – prospectivo. “Población y muestra”: Estuvo conformado por la población de 200 pac. que acudieron al servicio de consulta externa de medicina general durante los meses de enero y febrero del 2020. ” Resultados”: Luego de analizar los datos, se encontró que existe una buena correlación entre la calidad y el nivel de satisfacción con Rho de Spearman 0.77 por lo tanto un 77% de la variabilidad de la Satisfacción es explicada por la variable Calidad. Además, en cuanto a los componentes de la calidad los elementos tangibles obtienen mayores puntuaciones que la empatía la cual tiene los valores más bajos, en cuanto a las dimensiones de la satisfacción la dimensión entorno obtiene mayores puntuaciones a comparación de la dimensión técnica- científica. “Conclusiones”: Se concluye que existe una buena correlación positiva entre la calidad de atencion y el nivel de satisfacción del usuario lo que se demuestra con un Spearman de es de 0.77.
Prediction of Self-Concept and Anxiety on the Tendency of Postgraduate Students with Learning Disabilities (LD) to Acquire Research Skills in Two Public Universities of Cross River State, Nigeria: Implications for Counseling
Authors: Amalu Melvina , Uwanda Ekpang Pauline , Uchechi Okeke Stella , Ikwen Emmanuel Uminya , Bekomson Achi Ndifon , Opoh Fredrick Awhen , Abang Kingsley Bekom , Eteng Matilda Ernest , Nwafor Patrick Ifeanyi , Ngban Anthony Ntol , Cklaimz Enamhe Dorn , Ogbaji Dominic Ipuole , Effiom John Edwin , Uzodinma Ofoegbu Jude
Published: July 2023

Background: Acquisition of research skills provide the forum for incorporating Nigerian graduate students with disabilities and university lecturers into the international scientific culture and the developing knowledge economy.

Aim: This study investigated the prediction of self-concept and anxiety on the tendency of postgraduate students with Learning Disabilities (LD) to acquire research skills in two Public Universities of Cross River State, Nigeria: Implications for counseling. Two objectives of the study were stated to guide the study and to achieve the purpose of the study. Two research questions were formulated, which were converted to two statements of hypotheses. A literature review was carried out based on the variables under study.

Method: The survey research design was considered most suitable for the study. A stratified random sampling technique was adopted in selecting the 49 respondents sampled for the study. A validated 20 items four-point modified Likert scale questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. The face and content validity of the instrument was established by experts in Test and Measurement. The reliability estimates of 0.81 of the instruments were established using the Cronbach Alpha method. A simple Linear regression statistical tool was used to test the hypotheses formulated for the study. The hypotheses were tested at a 0.05 level of significance.

Results: The results obtained from the data analysis revealed a significant prediction of self-concept and anxiety on the tendency of postgraduate students with Learning Disabilities (LD) to acquire research skills in the study area.

Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, it was therefore recommended, among others, that internal seminars and workshops should be organized by Graduate schools every quarter of the year, where each postgraduate student delivers a standard paper, and this should be made compulsory. This will encourage sharing knowledge and increase skills and zeal for using knowledge and more research publications.
Imigração Italiana: da Ruptura ao Resgate das Origens
Authors: Ramos Maria Luiza Pradella , Wilke Maria Eliza Vernet Machado
Published: July 2023

O tema da imigração italiana tem sido vastamente estudado em seus aspectos históricos, sociais e culturais. Observa-se, no entanto, uma lacuna no que se refere ao estudo dos aspectos psicológicos, que marcaram a vida de milhares de famílias que vivenciaram esta experiência.
Circulating Small Extracellular Vesicle RNA Profiling for the Detection of T1a stage Colorectal Cancer and Precancerous Advanced Adenoma
Authors: Min Li , Bu Fanqin , Meng Jingxin , Liu Xiang , Guo Qingdong , Zhao Libo , Li Zhi , Li Xiangji , Zhu Shengtao , Zhang Shutian
Published: July 2023

It takes more than twenty years for normal colorectal mucosa to develop into metastatic carcinoma. The long time window provides a golden opportunity for early detection to terminate the malignant progression. Here we aim to enable liquid biopsy of T1a stage colorectal cancer (CRC) and precancerous advanced adenoma (AA) by profiling circulating small extracellular vesicle (sEV)-derived RNAs. We exhibited a full RNA landscape for the circulating sEVs isolated from 60 participants. A total of 58,333 annotated RNAs were detected from plasma sEVs, among which 1,615 and 888 sEV-RNAs were found differentially expressed in plasma from T1a stage CRC and AA compared to normal controls (NC). Then we further categorized these sEV-RNAs into 6 modules by a weighted gene coexpression network analysis and constructed a 60-gene t-SNE model consisting of the top 10 RNAs of each module that could well distinguish T1a stage CRC/AA from NC samples. Some sEV-RNAs were also identified as indicators of specific endoscopic and morphological features of different colorectal lesions. The top-ranked biomarkers were further verified by RT-qPCR, proving that these candidate sEV-RNAs successfully identified T1a stage CRC/AA from NC in another cohort of 124 participants. Finally, we adopted different algorithms to improve the performance of RT-qPCR-based models and successfully constructed an optimized classifier with 79.3% specificity and 99.0% sensitivity. In conclusion, circulating sEVs of T1a stage CRC and AA patients have distinct RNA profiles, which successfully enable the detection of both T1a stage CRC and AA via liquid biopsy.
Gestão Urbana: Avaliação do Desempenho da Técnica de Posicionamento GNSS RTK
Authors: Teixeira Niel Nascimento , Paulo Adriano , Cruz Júnior Dionísio Costa
Published: July 2023

O Posicionamento GNSS RTK amplia as possibilidades de aplicações em Geotecnologias, pois reduz para apenas alguns centímetros a margem de erro do Posicionamento GNNS. Por meio do RTK algumas aplicações de engenharia, que exigem coordenadas precisas em tempo real, tornam-se possíveis dispensando a necessidade do pós-processamento para obtenção das mesmas. Deste modo, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o desempenho desta Técnica de Posicionamento GNSS em ambientes urbanos, palco de muitas aplicações, desde a Engenharia Civil, passando pela Fotogrametria com RPA, Levantamento Cadastral Territorial, entre outras. Para isto, utilizar-se-á o método de controle de qualidade cartográfica, estabelecido pelo Decreto nº 89.817, de 20 de junho de 1984, que é o Padrão de Exatidão Cartográfico para Produtos Cartográficos Digitais (PEC-PCD) levando em conta as Especificações Técnicas de Aquisição de Dados Geoespaciais Vetoriais (ET-ADGV) onde a acurácia posicional – planimétrica e altimétrica, do Posicionamento GNSS RTK será analisada. Os resultados alcançados neste trabalho mostraram que o posicionamento RTK atende satisfatoriamente nas aplicações em que é exigido precisão de 1cm na horizontal, porém, cuidados adicionais são necessários em altimetria para aplicações de precisão.
How COVID-19 Affected the Tertiary Education System of Bangladesh: The Students' Perspective
Authors: Tasnim Zarin , Ghosh Emu , Islam Md. Sirajul
Published: July 2023

Aim: The main goal of the study is to comprehend how the new virtual mode of education has affected Bangladeshi students studying at the tertiary level and how they perceive its viability.

Design: This paper is based on a questionnaire survey consisting of 15 questions and the responses of 500 students from four different universities in Dhaka (125 students from every university) were collected.

Place and Duration of the Study: The universities involved were the Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), University of Asia Pacific (UAP), and Stamford University and the duration was from July 21, 2020 to November 23, 2021.

Methodology: The survey was conducted using both online and offline methods. While the campus was under strict lockdown, 167 participants responded via Google Form between July 2020–July 2021. The remaining data were collected using questionnaire forms when the campus reopened (between October 2021–November 2021).

Results: Bangladesh initiated a new virtual mode of study that has had an enormous impact on the learning pattern of students studying at different levels, particularly tertiary learners. According to the study, 25.5% of learners received no backup facility for missed classes. Regarding internet reliability, mobile data users (23.2%) found internet connection to be less reliable compared to wi-fi users (73.1%). Furthermore, the Chi-square analysis showed that internet reliability increased with internet cost, with the all-time stable internet connection being found at a monthly internet cost of 1500 BDT and above, which was not affordable for all students. In addition, respondents reported several negative health impacts due to using digital devices for an extended period of time. In the context of feasibility, only 13% of the respondents in this study believed that online education was feasible for implementation in Bangladesh.

Conclusions: The study pointed out several shortcomings of the adapted online medium of education among tertiary-level Bangladeshi students. Considering them, some recommendations have been provided including the suggestion to develop an integrated education system combining both the online and traditional medium.
Low Energy Blue Pulsed Light‐Activated Injectable Materials for Restoring Thinning Corneas
Authors: MacAdam Aidan J. , Munoz Marcelo , Hage Jinane El , Hu Kevin , Ross Alex , Chandra Astha , Edwards Jodi D. , Shahid Zian , Mourcos Sophia , Comtois‐Bona Maxime E. , Juarez Alejandro , Groleau Marc , Dégué Delali Shana , Djallali Mohamed , Piché Marilyse , Thériault Mathieu , Grenier Michel , Griffith May , Brunette Isabelle , Alarcon Emilio I.
Published: July 2023

Many alternatives to human donor corneas are being developed to meet the global shortage of donated tissues. However, corneal transplantation remains the gold standard for diseases resulting in thinning corneas. In this study, transparent low energy photoactivated extracellular matrix‐mimicking materials are developed for intrastromal injection to restore stromal thickness. The injectable biomaterials are comprised of short peptides and glycosaminoglycans (chondroitin, hyaluronic acid) that assemble into a hydrogel when pulsed with low‐energy blue light. The dosage of pulsed‐blue light needed for material activation is minimal at 8.5 mW cm−2, thus circumventing any blue light cytotoxicity. Intrastromal injection of these light‐activated biomaterials in rat corneas shows that two iterations of the formulations remain stable in situ without stimulating significant inflammation or neovascularization. The use of low light intensities and the ability of the developed materials to stably rebuild and change the curvature of the cornea tissue make these formulations attractive for clinical translation.
3D Nanoarchitectured Hexagonal Boron Nitride with Integrated Single Photon Emitters
Authors: Aleman Christopher Florencio , Lyu Jiecheng , Noyan Mehmet A. , McCreary Kathleen M. , Han Jiuhui , Johnson Isaac , Gao Qingyang , Niebur Maximilian , Jonker Berend T. , Chen Mingwei
Published: July 2023

Two‐dimensional (2D) hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is one of the most promising candidates to host solid‐state single photon emitters (SPEs) for various quantum technologies. However, the 2D nature with an atomic‐scale thickness leads to inevitable challenges in spectral variability caused by substrate disturbance, lattice strain heterogeneity, and defect variation. Here, three‐dimensional (3D) nanoarchitectured hBN is reported with integrated SPEs from native defects generated during high‐temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The 3D hBN has a quasi‐periodic gyroid minimal surface structure and is composed of a continuous 2D hBN sheet with built‐in convex and concave curvatures that promote the formation of optically active and thermally robust native defects. The free‐standing feature of the gyroid hBN with a nearly zero mean curvature can effectively eliminate the substrate disturbance and minimize lattice strain heterogeneity. As a result, naturally occurring defects with a narrow SPE spectral distribution can be created and activated as color centers in the 3D hBN, and the density of the SPEs can be tailored by CVD temperature.
Dispersion‐Engineered Deep Sub‐Wavelength Plasmonic Metasurfaces for Broadband Seira Applications
Authors: Dixon Katelyn , Zhu Xiangchao , Chen Liang , Montazeri Arthur , Matsuura Naomi , Kherani Nazir P. , Holman Hoi‐Ying N.
Published: July 2023

Surface enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy is a powerful tool in which plasmonically enhanced electromagnetic fields provide high‐sensitivity molecular detection. Most SEIRA platforms operate at a single resonant frequency, which must be tuned to match that of the target molecule, and commonly rely on time‐consuming lithographic techniques. This study presents a high‐throughput and cost‐effective plasmonic metasurface for broadband, tunable, and strong infrared signal enhancement. The platform is built upon the principle of dispersion‐engineered plasmonic Fabry–Pérot (FP) nanocavity arrays. It offers 1) tight squeezing of infrared (IR) photons into deep sub‐wavelength nano‐volumes and 2) spectrally tunable near‐field enhancements of up to ≈106, two to three orders of magnitude higher than most optical metasurface systems. By coupling multilayer nano‐thin film deposition and nanoskiving fabrication techniques, the dispersive FP metasurfaces can be rapidly and reproducibly constructed in a scalable and lithography‐free manner. Using IR spectroscopy, the selective and sensitive label‐free detection of a molecular monolayer is achieved at a range of frequencies. An enhancement factor of nearly 105 is measured at the carbonyl (C = O) vibrational marker band of the molecule. The confluence of high field enhancement, broadband plasmonic response, and facile fabrication makes this metasurface a promising platform for SEIRA spectroscopy.
Predicting Heterogeneity in Patient Response to Morphine Treatment for Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome
Authors: Smolyak Daniel , Humphries Elizabeth M. , Parikh Abhinav , Gopalakrishnan Mathangi , Aycan Fulden , Bjarnadóttir Margrét , Ament Seth A. , El‐Metwally Dina , Beitelshees Amber , Agarwal Ritu
Published: July 2023

Infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome commonly receive morphine treatment to manage their withdrawal signs. However, the effectiveness of this pharmacotherapy in managing the infants' withdrawal signs vary widely. We sought to understand how information available early in infant monitoring can anticipate this treatment response, focusing on early modified Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence Scoring System (FNASS) scores, polygenic risk for opioid dependence (polygenic risk score (PRS)), and drug exposure. Using k‐means clustering, we divided the 213 infants in our cohort into 3 groups based on their FNASS scores in the 12 hours before and after the initiation of pharmacotherapy. We found that these groups were pairwise significantly different for risk factors, including methadone exposure, and for in‐hospital outcomes, including total morphine received, length of stay, and highest FNASS score. Whereas PRS was not predictive of receipt of treatment, PRS was pairwise significantly different between a subset of the groups. Using tree‐based machine learning methods, we then constructed network graphs of the relationships among these groups, FNASS scores, PRS, drug exposures, and in‐hospital outcomes. The resulting networks also showed meaningful connection between early FNASS scores and PRS, as well as between both of those and later in‐hospital outcomes. These analyses present clinicians with the opportunity to better anticipate infant withdrawal progression and prepare accordingly, whether with expedited morphine treatment or non‐pharmacotherapeutic alternative treatments.
The impact of post‐mastectomy radiation timing on overall outcomes of autologous free‐flap breast reconstruction
Authors: Parmeshwar Nisha , Barnes Laura , Martins Deborah , Nicholas Catherine , Piper Merisa
Published: July 2023

Background

The optimal timing of post‐mastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) in autologous breast reconstruction is controversial. Our study compares overall reconstructive outcomes in patients who received post‐mastectomy radiation therapy either before or after the autologous flap.

Methods

A single‐center retrospective review was performed for patients who underwent free flap breast reconstruction and post‐mastectomy radiation from January 2004 through January 2021. Demographic, intraoperative, and post‐operative variables were recorded.

Results

A total of 452 free flaps were identified, and 82 underwent PMRT. 59.8% were radiated with an expander prior to free flap surgery (PreFlap), and 40.2% flaps underwent PMRT (PostFlap). PostFlap patients were significantly younger (43.0 vs. 47.9 years, p = .016). There were no significant differences in free flap outcomes between the two cohorts including thrombosis, venous congestion, flap loss, takebacks, fat necrosis, seroma, or infection. Mastectomy skin flap necrosis was significantly higher in the PostFlap cohort (9.1% vs. 0%, p = .032), but nipple necrosis rates did not differ. There were no significant differences in number or need for revision surgeries, fat necrosis, or fat grafting between groups. However, there were significantly more total reconstructive complications, including infection and wound breakdown, experienced by the PreFlap cohort (46.9% vs. 24.2%, p = .038).

Conclusions

Timing of PMRT did not impact free flap outcomes, but those who had the expander radiated experienced significantly more complications overall. For the 34.7% of patients in the preFlap group who planned for autologous reconstruction form initial consultation, radiation after the flap may have improved their overall outcomes. As added complications cause delays in cancer therapy and final reconstruction, our results suggest that PMRT of the flap when possible may improve the overall experience for breast cancer patients.
Dissipativity for a class of quaternion‐valued memristor‐based neutral‐type neural networks with time‐varying delays
Authors: Shi Yanchao , Chen Xingyu , Zhu Peiyong
Published: July 2023

In this work, the global dissipativity and exponential dissipativity of quaternion‐valued memristor‐based neutral‐type neural networks (QVNTMNNs) with time‐varying delays are studied. It is worth noting that the QVNTMNN is explored as a single entity without decomposition. Considering the QVNTMNNs as a switching system and utilizing Lyapunov theorem as well as inequality techniques, several sufficient criteria depending on the state‐dependent switching parameters to guarantee global dissipativity and exponential dissipativity of QVNTMNNs with time‐varying delays are obtained in the form of quaternion‐valued linear matrix inequalities (QVLMIs) and corresponding complex‐valued liner matrix inequalities (CVLMIs). Moreover, the positive invariant set, global attractive set, and exponential attractive set of QVNTMNNs with time‐varying delays can also be derived. Finally, two numerical examples are given to substantiate the reliability and validity of our theoretical criteria presented in this work.
Network advantage: Uncontested structural holes and organizational performance in market crises
Authors: Shipilov Andrew , Li Stan X. , Bothner Matthew S. , Truong Nghi
Published: July 2023

Research Summary

We examine how crisis conditions affect the link between structural holes and organizational performance. Since brokerage offers early access to diverse perspectives and autonomy in exchange relations, the benefits of brokerage should rise when crises erupt. However, evidence on the subject has been inconclusive, raising the question of whether crisis actually imposes a boundary condition on structural hole theory. Using longitudinal data on investment banks, and exploiting the 2000 dot.com crisis as well as the 2008 financial crisis, we explore whether crises moderate the favorable effect of brokerage on performance. Our results reveal that only exclusive, and not shared, structural holes are advantageous for performance, as they facilitate ambidextrous responses to crisis. Implications for brokerage theory and new research on crisis are discussed.

Managerial Summary

Crises, in the form of pandemics, wars, or market crashes, affect the relationship between a firm's position in collaboration networks and its future performance. Our analyses bring into focus a finding of interest to managers of firms operating as brokers in these networks: when a crisis erupts, a firm that serves as the sole bridge between its otherwise disconnected collaborators performs especially well. Uncontested by other intermediaries, such firms achieve a better mix of search and stability, and thus higher performance, amidst crisis. These advantages disappear when other intermediaries are present. This implies that firms frequently exposed to crisis may benefit from constructing entry barriers around their bridging positions in collaboration networks.
Towards Sustainable Digitization
Authors: Blersch Daniel , Held Christoph , Mettenleiter Markus , Fröhlich Christoph
Published: July 2023

Complexity and data quality of a project are strongly linked together. The higher the need for better data quality is, the more complex projects become. In digitization, various complexity factors have an impact on the quality, such as the object properties or environmental factors. However, it also largely depends on the employed technology. Digitization instruments are designed for specific purposes and applications and have defined specifications and limitations. Some devices perform better with one material or another, and can capture invisible detail or geometry at large distance.

The aim of a holistic documentation often implies to take into account significant amount of additional data and of different nature. Equipping devices with multiple sensors, allows capturing more information and detail at the same time, which means a massive increase of data - intensifying the challenge. Thus, it is mandatory to be aware of the strengths and limitations to decide which technology, or a combination thereof, fits best for each case.

Smart technological ideas and sensor design can mitigate the complexity. At the example of terrestrial 3D laserscanners by Zoller + Fröhlich, this article provides insight to manufacturer’s strategies about ensuring maximum survey quality and proposing efficient solutions for complexity reduction in survey projects. The technological answers range from sensorial adaptions to sophisticated workflow approaches and the incremental use of intelligent algorithms to an outlook on the necessary focus for the future. The approaches are illustrated with examples from emblematic use cases of outstanding tangible Heritage digitization in Europe.
The Holistic Documentation of Movable Cultural Heritage Objects - The Case of the Antikythera Mechanism
Authors: Efstathiou Kyriakos , Efstathiou Marianna , Basiakoulis Alexandros , Cliffen Harriet , Joncic Nenad , Georgiou Rafaella
Published: July 2023

The Antikythera Mechanism is the oldest extant complex geared device, and an amazing example of an early analogue computer. It was built approximately 2150 years ago. The device was operated manually by a user, who would set a date on a dial. All necessary calculations were made using a set of gears (at least 39), while the results were displayed on several scientific scales. The Mechanism was used to calculate the diurnal and annual motion of the Sun, the Moon and probably the planets among the stars. It implemented the astronomical knowledge of ancient Greeks about the motion of these celestial bodies with astonishing accuracy, taking into account the anomalous orbit of the Moon using a system of eccentric gears. It could also predict eclipses of the Sun and the Moon from the Saros period, which was found in one of its scales. It calculated the dates of the major crown games that took place in ancient Greece (e.g. the Olympic Games). Finally, it was accompanied by an extended User’s Manual. More than 20 references to astronomical mechanisms can be found in classical literature from 50 BC to 500 AD. In this study, the first approach for a holistic documentation of the Antikythera Mechanism is presented.
In-vitro model to mimic T cell subset change in human PDAC organoid co-culture
Authors: Knoblauch M. , Ma T. , Beirith I. , Koch D. , Hofmann F. , Heinrich K. , Aghamaliev U. , Sirtl S. , Westphalen C. B. , Nieß H. , Reichert M. , Angele M. K. , Regel I. , Bazhin A. V. , Werner J. , Ilmer M. , Renz Bernhard W.
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Immunotherapies have largely failed as treatment options for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In this field, clinical translational studies into personalized treatment are of fundamental importance. In our study, we model tumor-cell immune-cell interactions in a co-culture of primary human PDAC organoids and matched peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Methods

Using flow cytometry, we evaluated changes in T cell subtypes upon co-culture of patient-derived PDAC organoids and matched PBMCs.

Results

After co-culturing PDAC organoids with PBMCs, we observed changes in CD4+, CD8+ and Treg cell populations. We observed favorable clinical outcome in patients whose PBMCs reacted to the co-culture with organoids.

Conclusion

This experimental model allows to investigate interactions between patient derived PDAC organoids and their PBMCs. This co-culture system could serve as a preclinical platform to guide personalized therapeutic strategies in the future.
Current status of molecular diagnostic approaches using liquid biopsy
Authors: Takahashi Kenji , Takeda Yohei , Ono Yusuke , Isomoto Hajime , Mizukami Yusuke
Published: July 2023

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive and lethal cancers, and developing an efficient and reliable approach for its early-stage diagnosis is urgently needed. Precancerous lesions of PDAC, such as pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN), arise through multiple steps of driver gene alterations in KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A, SMAD4, or GNAS. Hallmark mutations play a role in tumor initiation and progression, and their detection in bodily fluids is crucial for diagnosis. Recently, liquid biopsy has gained attention as an approach to complement pathological diagnosis, and in addition to mutation signatures in cell-free DNA, cell-free RNA, and extracellular vesicles have been investigated as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers. Integrating such molecular information to revise the diagnostic criteria for pancreatic cancer can enable a better understanding of the pathogenesis underlying inter-patient heterogeneity, such as sensitivity to chemotherapy and disease outcomes. This review discusses the current diagnostic approaches and clinical applications of genetic analysis in pancreatic cancer and diagnostic attempts by liquid biopsy and molecular analyses using pancreatic juice, duodenal fluid, and blood samples. Emerging knowledge in the rapidly advancing liquid biopsy field is promising for molecular profiling and diagnosing pancreatic diseases with significant diversity.
How to Make a Mao Suit
Authors: Finnane Antonia
Published: July 2023

When the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949, new clothing protocols for state employees resulted in far-reaching changes in what people wore. In a pioneering history of dress in the Mao years (1949–1976), Antonia Finnane traces the transformation, using industry archives and personal stories to reveal a clothing regime pivoted on the so-called 'Mao suit'. The time of the Mao suit was the time of sewing schools and sewing machines, pattern books and homemade clothes. It was also a time of close economic planning, when rationing meant a limited range of clothes made, usually by women, from limited amounts of cloth. In an area of scholarship dominated by attention to consumption, Finnane presents a revisionist account focused instead on production. How to Make a Mao Suit provides a richly illustrated account of clothing that links the material culture of the Mao years to broader cultural and technological changes of the twentieth century.
Short-term forecasting of typhoon rainfall with a deep-learning-based disaster monitoring model
Authors: Kim Doyi , Choi Yeji , Seo Minseok , Shin Seungheon , Jeong Hyun-Jin
Published: July 2023

Accurate and reliable disaster forecasting is vital for saving lives and property. Hence, effective disaster management is necessary to reduce the impact of natural disasters and to accelerate recovery and reconstruction. Typhoons are one of the major disasters related to heavy rainfall in Korea. As a typhoon develops in the far ocean, satellite observations are the only means to monitor them. Our study uses satellite observations to propose a deep-learning-based disaster monitoring model for short-term typhoon rainfall forecasting. For this, we consider two deep learning models: a video frame prediction model, Warp and Refine Network (WR-Net), to predict future satellite observations and an image-to-image translation model, geostationary rainfall product (GeorAIn) (based on the Pix2PixCC model), to generate rainfall maps from predicted satellite images. Typhoon Hinnamnor, the worst typhoon case in 2022 in Korea, is selected as a target case for model verification. The results show that the predicted satellite images can capture the structures and patterns of the typhoon. The rainfall maps generated from the GeorAIn model using predicted satellite images show a correlation coefficient of 0.81 for 3-hr and 0.56 for 7-hr predictions. The proposed disaster monitoring model can provide us with practical implications for disaster alerting systems and can be extended to flood-monitoring systems.
Consolidating Progress: The Selection of Female Ministers in Autocracies and Democracies
Authors: NYRUP JACOB , YAMAGISHI HIKARU , BRAMWELL STUART
Published: July 2023

Though governments historically have been a men’s club, women are increasingly gaining access. We argue that democratic institutions are important drivers of women’s inclusion in government. This stems from the rationales of autocratic versus democratic leaders when selecting ministers. Autocrats fear a coup by inner-circle elites, who are mostly men, incentivizing them to assign ministerial positions as co-optation. In contrast, democratic leaders are accountable to the citizenry through elections and must satisfy increasing demands for gender equality. Furthermore, we argue that it is historical experience with democracy that matters, rather than the level, as it takes time to create an even playing field, change attitudes, and generate trust in democracy. To support this, we contribute with the first study using the most comprehensive dataset, WhoGov, on women’s access to cabinets. Overall, we show that democracy is a process that gradually enables women to enter the highest echelons of power.
Gendered Violence, Victim Credibility and Adjudicating Justice in Augustine's Letters
Authors: Leonard Victoria
Published: July 2023

In their focus on queer sexuality, letters 77 and 78 in Augustine's letter collection are unusual. Same-sex acts and sexual violence are mostly tightly controlled and deliberately erased in antiquity. This article looks again at the case of sexual abuse preserved in letters 77 and 78 between the monk Spes and the presbyter Bonifatius, applying modern critical understandings of gendered violence, victimisation and harm to reach beyond previous critical approaches that have seen the exceptionalism of the case as a reason not to engage with it. This research takes a new critical approach, re-situating the incident within the wider context of gendered violence in Augustine's letters. It engages with the case of sexual abuse solely between men intrinsically, and as a uniquely available point of comparison with sexual violence perpetrated by men against women. It examines how sexual violence is gendered, in Augustine's response, in the adjudication of the case and in the behaviours and expectations of both victim and perpetrator. Whilst working outwards from absence and silence is a central historiographical approach to gender and violence in the past, this article reaches new understandings by turning towards evidence that is usually siloed and working it back into a framework of sexual violence in Augustine's letters.
Polarised random -SAT
Authors: Danielsson Joel Larsson , Markström Klas
Published: July 2023

In this paper we study a variation of the random
$k$
-SAT problem, called polarised random
$k$
-SAT, which contains both the classical random
$k$
-SAT model and the random version of monotone
$k$
-SAT another well-known NP-complete version of SAT. In this model there is a polarisation parameter
$p$
, and in half of the clauses each variable occurs negated with probability
$p$
and pure otherwise, while in the other half the probabilities are interchanged. For
$p=1/2$
we get the classical random
$k$
-SAT model, and at the other extreme we have the fully polarised model where
$p=0$
, or 1. Here there are only two types of clauses: clauses where all
$k$
variables occur pure, and clauses where all
$k$
variables occur negated. That is, for
$p=0$
, and
$p=1$
, we get an instance of random monotone
$k$
-SAT.

We show that the threshold of satisfiability does not decrease as
$p$
moves away from
$\frac{1}{2}$
and thus that the satisfiability threshold for polarised random
$k$
-SAT with
$p\neq \frac{1}{2}$
is an upper bound on the threshold for random
$k$
-SAT. Hence the satisfiability threshold for random monotone
$k$
-SAT is at least as large as for random
$k$
-SAT, and we conjecture that asymptotically, for a fixed
$k$
, the two thresholds coincide.
How Communicating Vaccine Benefits and Harms in Fact Boxes Affects	Risk Perceptions
Authors: Felgendreff Lisa , Renkewitz Frank , Betsch Cornelia
Published: July 2023

Abstract: Background: A fact box is a promising tool for benefit-risk communication. This compact table summarizes the benefits and harms of a health-related intervention and compares the intervention to a control group. Although previous research has demonstrated that fact boxes are well understood, little is known about how they affect risk perceptions. Risk perception is particularly relevant to vaccination behavior. Aims: Two experiments investigated how different profiles of vaccine benefits and harms influence risk perceptions and the intention to vaccinate. Method: In Experiment 1, 430 participants were included in a 4 (benefits [vaccine effectiveness]) × 2 (harms [probability of vaccine adverse events]) between-subjects design. In Experiment 2, 541 participants were included in a 2 (benefits) × 2 (harms) × 2 (comprehension test conducted before or after assessment of risk perceptions) between-subjects design. Measures: Perceived risk of vaccination, intention to vaccinate, comprehension, and, in Experiment 2 only, perceived risk of non-vaccination. Results: Greater benefits decreased the perceived risk of vaccination and increased the intention to vaccinate. More harms increased the perceived risk of vaccination and, in Experiment 2 only, decreased the intention to vaccinate. More benefits increased the perceived risk of non-vaccination. Exploratory analyses showed that the comprehension and position of a comprehension test influenced risk perceptions. Limitations: The experiments used MTurk convenience samples and a fictitious disease. Conclusion: Communicating vaccine profiles in fact boxes affects risk perceptions. Additional measures may cue a deeper elaboration of the vaccine profile.
Coherent control of light-induced torque on four-level tripod atom systems
Authors: Mehdinejad Ali
Published: July 2023

This paper investigates the manipulation of induced torque on a four-level tripod atom system through the interaction with two vortex probe beams featuring spatial inhomogeneity, along with a non-vortex control beam. The study explores both the linear and nonlinear regimes of torque induction. In the linear regime, where the intensity of the vortex beams is weaker than that of the control field, effective control over the induced torque is demonstrated by adjusting parameters such as magnetic field strength, control field intensity, detuning, and dephasing terms between relevant atomic levels. The analysis highlights the significant contribution of the Zeeman shift-induced magnetic field, which enhances the torque and exhibits a distinct sharp peak. Furthermore, higher-order contributions to the induced torque are discussed as the intensity of the probe fields approaches that of the control field, resulting in further enhancement of the induced torque. These findings offer opportunities for precise control over the rotational motion of atoms within the system, with potential applications in precision measurement, quantum information processing, and quantum control.
Haemato-biochemical responses, worm burdens and Haemonchus contortus ultrastructural changes in lambs fed diets containing graded inclusion levels of sericea lespedeza
Authors: Mahachi Leo Nyikadzino , Chikwanha Obert Chenjerayi , Katiyatiya Chenaimoyo Lufutuko Faith , Marufu Munyaradzi Christopher , Aremu Adeyemi Oladapo , Mapiye Cletos
Published: July 2023

Context Globally, sheep productivity is constrained by scarcity of high-quality feed and haemonchosis. These challenges may simultaneously be addressed by valorisation of nutraceutical forage legumes such as sericea lespedeza (SL) into sheep diets. Aim The current study determined the effects of feeding diets containing increasing inclusion levels of SL (0%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 18.75% and 25%) as replacement for lucerne on haematological, biochemical, and parasitological parameters in Haemonchus contortus-infected and non-infected lambs. Methods Bodyweights, body condition scores (BCS), FAMACHA© scores, faecal worm egg counts (FWEC), and haematological and biochemical parameters were recorded from 80 Dohne Merino intact male lambs assigned to diet-by-infection status-based treatments in a completely randomised design, with a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments comprising of eight lambs per treatment during a 42-day feeding trial. Adult worms were collected, enumerated, and their ultra-structure was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy after slaughter. Results Diet, and diet × infection status had no effects on red blood-cell parameters of the lambs (P > 0.05). Eosinophils were affected by diet × infection status, being highest in non-infected lambs fed the control diet and lowest in infected lambs fed the 25% SL diet (P ≤ 0.05). Serum albumin, calcium and body condition scores declined (P ≤ 0.05) with increasing inclusion levels of SL in the diet. There was no influence of diet on lamb bodyweights, FAMACHA© scores, FWEC, and worm burdens. Dietary increments of SL disrupted the structural integrity of the head (χ2 = 28.43; ϕc = 0.493; P ≤ 0.05) of adult worms. Conclusions Sericea lespedeza may replace lucerne up to 25% in lamb feedlot diets, with minor negative effects on haematological and biochemical parameters, but offers little benefits for modulating Haemonchus contortus infection. Implications Beneficiation of biologically active alternative feed resources such as sericea lespedeza could help farmers adapt better to market changes through the development of enhanced livestock feed and pharmaceutical products, which could help alleviate losses associated with impoverished nutrition and gastrointestinal health of lambs.
Explicit pronunciation instruction in the second language classroom
Authors: Stratton James M.
Published: July 2023

The present study uses an acoustic analysis to examine the effects of implicit and explicit pronunciation
instruction on the acquisition of German final devoicing in the L2 classroom. Twenty-nine English-speaking L2 learners of German
at a North American university were assigned to an implicit or explicit condition. Learner speech samples were recorded, following
a pre/post/delayed-post-test design. Four acoustic correlates of final and medial obstruent voicing were analyzed to establish the
degree to which underlyingly voiced word-final stops were phonetically devoiced. Results indicate that learners in the explicit
condition significantly outperformed learners in the implicit condition, with all four acoustic measures signaling significantly
greater word-final devoicing by the post-test in the explicit condition. Orthography, declarative knowledge, and level of
awareness are hypothesized as factors that influenced the acquisition process. The study calls for additional acoustic work on the
effects of different instructional practices on German L2 pronunciation.