bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Properties of Concrete Produced with Wastepaper for Application of Construction Materials
Authors: Choi Hyun Ki
Published: September 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze the mechanical properties of concrete produced with wastepaper for obtaining the optimum mix design of that. The concrete produced with wastepaper was made up of the cement, water, sand, and cut wastepaper. For this purpose, the concrete which had variety mixing ratio of materials was mixed and cured to find out the mechanical properties of that. And, it was performed the compressive and tensile test and the measurement of hardened concrete. The test result of this study was showed that the partial replacement ratio of wastepaper was the decisive influence variable and the correlation between the mechanical properties
A Multi-Scale Scheme for Modelling Fracture under Dynamic Loading Conditions
Authors: Karamnejad A. , Sluys L.J.
Published: September 2014

Fracture in heterogeneous materials under dynamic loading is modelled using a multi-scale method. Computational homogenization is considered, in which the overall properties at the global-scale are obtained by solving a boundary value problem for a representative volume element (RVE) assigned to each material point of the global-scale model. In order to overcome the problems with upscaling of localized deformations, a non-standard failure zone averaging scheme is used. Discontinuous cohesive macro-cracking is modelled using the XFEM and a gradient-enhanced damage model is used to model diffuse damage at the local-scale. A continuous-discontinuous computational homogenization method is employed to obtain the traction-separation law for macro-cracks using averaged properties calculated over the damaged zone in the RVE. In the multi-scale model, a dynamic analysis is performed for the global-scale model and the local-scale model is solved as a quasi-static problem. Dispersion effects are then captured by accounting for the inertia forces at the local-scale model via a so-called dispersion tensor which depends on the heterogeneity of the RVE. Numerical examples are presented and the multi-scale model results are compared to direct numerical simulation results. Objectivity of the multi-scale scheme with respect to the RVE size is examined.
Effect of Mineral Admixture on Modulus of Elasticity in High Performance Concrete under Hot Weather Condition
Authors: Eom Nam Yong , Park Wan Shin , Yun Song Hui , Jang Yong Il , Yun Hyun Do , Khil Bae Su , Kim Do Gyeum
Published: September 2014

This paper address the mechanical properties of high performance concrete exposed to hot weather in terms of compressive strength and the modulus of elasticity. The variable of this study is curing temperature of 35 °C and 50°C under hot weather condition.
Fatigue Behavior of Extruded Mg-Al-Ca-Mn Alloy with T6 Treatment at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Miyashita Yukio , Inzunza Hugo , Elizondo Adrian , Murayama Yoshiyuki , Otsuka Yuichi , Kamado Shigeharu
Published: September 2014

Fatigue behavior of Mg-Al-Ca-Mn alloy with T6 treatment was studied at room temperature and 150°C by conduction rotating bending fatigue test. Fatigue strength at high temperature was lower than that at room temperature in the alloys with and without heat treatment. However, degradation of fatigue strength at high temperature in the T6 treated alloy was not significant compared to the as-extruded alloy. Fatigue crack initiation and propagation behavior was observed with replication technique by conducting interrupted fatigue test at room temperature and 150°C. Multiple cracking was significantly observed at 150°C in both as-received and T6 treated alloys. Change in grain size and randomization of crystal orientation due to the heat treatment could affect the fatigue property.
Comparison between Subjective and Objective Measurement of Slipperiness
Authors: Bang C.H. , Kim J.S.
Published: September 2014

The objective of this study was to determine whether subjective measurement of slipperiness could be used as an subsidiary mean which made up for the demerit of indicators (roughness and coefficient of friction) of slipperiness. Two subjective rating methods for evaluating slipperiness—the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Friedman test—were used to measure perception of slipperiness on seven different floor surfaces contaminated with detergent solution (SLS). Twelve subjects wore the same footwear and walked on self-selected steps and cadence along the test floors. The safety criteria obtained with perceived slipperiness was similar with that of ANSI/NFSI B101.1. There was a higher correlation (r = 0.99) between the Friedman test and Ramp test parameter except for ground steel. There was also a high correlation (r = 0.92) between the Friedman and Rz parameter except for ground steel plate and profiled tile. The results showed that the perceived slipperiness could be used as indicator of slipperiness and supplement objective measurement of slipperiness.
A Boundary Element Method for Structural Reliability
Authors: Huang Xi Yong , Aliabadi M.H.
Published: September 2014

In this paper a sensitivity formulation using the Boundary Element Method (BEM) is presentedfor analysis of structural reliability problems. The sensitivity formulation is based on implicit differentiation method where the first and second order derivatives of the random variables are obtained directly by differentiation of the discretised boundary integral equation. The structural reliability is assessed using the Monte Carlo Method and FORM with BEM sensitivity parameters. A benchmark example is presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the BEM for both Monte Carlo and Sensitivity based FORM approaches.
Application of the Radial Integration Method into Dynamic Formulation of Anisotropic Shallow Shells Using Boundary Element Method
Authors: Jesus L.J.M. , Cimini C.A. , Albuquerque E.L.
Published: September 2014

The formulation developed in this work is based on the coupling of plane elasticity formulation and thin plate formulation for plates (Kirchhoff plates). Both formulations use elastostatic fundamental solutions. Curvature effects are considered as body forces, which generates domain integrals. Domain integrals are transformed into boundary integrals using the radial integration method. Thus, only the boundary is discretized. A radial basis function is used as approximation function in domain integrals. The developed formulation is applied to the dynamic analysis of anisotropic and composite laminate shallow shells under time dependent loads. A computational implementation was performed for the formulation developed and results were compared with results from literature.
Numerical Analysis about the Strength of Jointed Rock under Hydrodynamic Pressure
Authors: Hao Rui Qing , Cao Ping
Published: September 2014

The generalized model is constructed for jointed rock mass under hydrodynamic pressure. Meanwhile, the influences of crack angle, under hydrodynamic pressure, on the compressive strength is researched. The results show that the flow rate has a significant influence on the compressive strength of jointed rock. When the angle of the crack is 30°, the higher the hydrodynamic pressure is, the larger the decrease of the compressive strength is. While the slopes of the crack are 45° and 60°, the larger the hydrodynamic pressure is, the bigger the increase of the compressive strength is. In the meantime, under the same flow rate, the compressive strength of jointed rock transform regularly with crack angle changed. And the compressive strength of the jointed rock with 45° crack is largest, while the jointed rock with 30° crack is lowest.
Optimized Design of Strengthening Structure with Hat-Shaped Cross-Section by Carrying out Buckling Test
Authors: Natori Keiko , Katanoda Kanchi , Hashimoto Yuki , Arao Yoshihiko , Tanaka Tatsuya
Published: September 2014

Von Karman’s Effective Width Theory is Constructed on the Assumption that Thin Plate of Elastic-Perfectly Plastic Solid is Subjected to Static Buckling. we Examined Whether Von Karman’s Effective Width Theory is Applicable to Design of Crush Absorption Structure. as a Result, Cross Section of the Member Becomes Effective against Axial Crush with Increasing Crush Speed. it is Found that the Design Based on the Conventional Theory is Provided Enough Evidence of Safety, Thus, Optimized Design Criteria can be Proposed.
Fracture Behavior of Notched Round Bars Made of Gray Cast Iron Subjected to Torsion
Authors: Marcon M. , Cendón D.A. , Berto Filippo , Lazzarin P. , Elices M.
Published: September 2014

This paper presents 25 new experimental results from gray cast iron notched specimens tested under torsion loading. V-notch (with an opening angle of 120°) is considered with a root radius ranging from 0.1 to 2.0 mm. Plots of torque loads versus twist angles are recorded varying the notch root radius. Such results can help in evaluating numerical and theoretical models of the fracture of notched components under mode III loading. The second part of the paper deals with a discussion on the experimental results. A non-conventional application of the strain energy density is carried out showing a good agreement between experimental results and theoretical fracture assessments and it is used to justify the link between nominal and local fracture approaches.
Fatigue Behaviour of DLC Coated Al 7075-T6 Alloy in an Aggressive Mixture
Authors: Baragetti Sergio , Gerosa Riccardo , Villa Francesco
Published: September 2014

7075-T6 aluminium alloy is commonly adopted in high performance structures and components. Its fatigue behaviour is however dramatically worsened by exposure to aggressive environments. The deposition of PVD coatings, which are commonly adopted to increase the surface properties of structural elements in terms of hardness, contact fatigue and wear resistance, could be beneficial also for the fatigue behaviour of a 7075-T6 substrate in an aggressive environment. In the present work, Diamond Like Carbon (DLC) PVD coated 7075-T6 specimens immersed in methanol have been analysed, by means of step-loading rotating bending fatigue tests (R = -1) at 2·105 cycles. Coated specimens were tested in laboratory air for comparison, and uncoated polished samples were studied in both the environments to obtain reference values. SEM micrographs of the fracture surfaces were taken to investigate the effects of the corrosive environment on the failure mechanism.
Long Life Fatigue Behavior of Shot Peened Steels
Authors: Plumtree Alan
Published: September 2014

The fully reversed long life fatigue cycle behaviour of shot peened steels has been investigated. In the case of air cooled forged 0.4%C and 0.7%C steels, shot peening resulted in a relatively small effect on fatigue life (+2.2% and-2.0% respectively) owing to cyclic softening. Fatigue cracks in the shot peened specimens have been observed to initiate in sub-surface layers, reducing the detrimental effect of surface roughness. Neither cyclic softening nor hardening occurred in the smooth non shot peened samples cycled under the same conditions. Shot peening quench and tempered 0.5%C steel samples resulted in a reduced fatigue limit of 12.0% due to cyclic softening. Relaxation of the residual stresses occurred quickly in these steels due to adjustment and rebalancing of the residual stresses caused by the plastic strain. The effect of cyclic softening and shift in crack initiation site rather than the residual peening stresses was significant in determining the fatigue life of these shot peened steels.
Characterization of Cavitation in Ultrasonic or Megasonic Irradiated Gas Saturated Solutions Using a Hydrophone
Authors: Zhao M. , Balachandran R. , Madigappu P.R. , Yam P. , Zanelli C. , Sierra R. , Keswani M.
Published: September 2014

Emerging ultrasonic and megasonic cleaning demands in various applications (solar cell, storage devices, wafer and mask cleaning, etc.) dictate the need to understand the acoustic cavitation under different operating conditions to optimize efficiency of cleaning and reduce damage. Major parameters that affect cavitation include frequency of the sound field, operating power of the transducer and the cleaning chemistry. Previous studies have reported the use of common techniques such as multi-bubble sonoluminescence [1] and sono-electrochemistry [2] to understand acoustic cavitation. The disadvantage with sonoluminescence technique is that it characterizes cavitation mainly in the bulk of the solution, which may not be pertinent to wafer cleaning applications where the interest is in understanding cavitation phenomena close to the wafer surface. Although, sono-electrochemical techniques employing microelectrode are capable of measuring cavitation in the vicinity of a solid surface, they are limited to measurements on an extremely small area due to the miniscule size (5-25 μm) of the electrode. In this context, hydrophone measurements offer significant benefit as they can be taken near a solid surface as well as on a relative large area (1-2 mm diameter) of the pressure sensitive tip.
Wetting Behavior of Plasma Etch Residue Removal Solutions on Plasma Damaged and Repaired Porous ULK Dielectrics
Authors: Ahner Nicole , Zimmermann Sven , Köhler Nicole , Krüger Stephan , Schulz Stefan E.
Published: September 2014

Porous ultra low constant materials (ULK) for isolation within the interconnect system of integrated circuits are a promising approach to reduce crosstalk and RC-delays due to shrinking feature sizes [1]. Due to their porosity and the integration of carbon rich species like methyl groups into the Si-O-Si backbone of currently fabricated PECVD SiCOH dielectrics those materials are highly sensible towards plasma processing, e.g. dry etching or resist stripping [2]. Metal hard mask approaches, e.g. using TiN hard masks are widely used to prevent the resist stripping plasma directly attacking the low-k material [3]. To reduce further plasma damage like carbon depletion and formation of polar silanol groups the development of less aggressive etching processes is in the focus of research and development activities. Nevertheless dry etching will attack the sidewalls and cause a material degradation. That is why repair processes, mainly based on silylation, are considered to follow the patterning step to reintegrate carbon rich species and to recover the dielectric’s properties [3]. Subsequently to dry etching and repairing the dielectric the wet chemical plasma etch residue removal process is performed. Besides material compatibility and effectiveness in residue removal the wetting behavior of the applied cleaning solutions towards the surface which has to be cleaned is crucial, especially looking on wetting issues like the incomplete wetting of very small via holes or pattern collapse. In this study we investigate in which way different silylation based repair processing regimes are affecting the wettability of the dielectric by water based cleaning solutions using contact angle based surface energy calculations.
Characterization of Cu-BTA Organic Complexes on Cu during Cu CMP and Post Cu Cleaning
Authors: Cho Byoung Jun , Park Jin Goo , Shima Shohei , Hamada Satomi
Published: September 2014

Although copper have better electrical properties than aluminum such as low resistivity and high electro-migration resistivity, aluminum has been used as an interconnect material due to the difficulty in Cu dry etching. Since CMP process has been adapted to the semiconductor fabrication, Cu became the choice of materials for interconnection. However, copper CMP process introduces new defects on the surface such as slurry particle, organic residue, scratch and corrosion [1].
Cost-of-Ownership Comparison of Single-Wafer Processes for Stripping Copper Pillar Bump Photomasks
Authors: Sohn Hong Seong , Hua Tan Kuam , Liang Ding , Jang Steven Lee Hou , Leng Loh Woon , Lin Hua Mao , Tracy John
Published: September 2014

A new generation of negative tone and chemically amplified positive tone photoresists by TOK, JSR, Dow Chemical and others has gained momentum for advanced packaging applications. Resist thickness requirements are increasing to the 40-100 μm range as Cu pillars and micro-bumps are adopted, to accommodate the tighter pitches required in the newest multi-chip package designs. In order to form the pillars, the resist mask must be thicker than the height of the pillars to contain the entire bump structure.
Collection Efficiency of Noble Metallic Contaminants on Si Wafers with HF-Aqua Regia Mixtures for VPD-DC ICPMS Analysis
Authors: Devita M. , Fontaine H. , Drogue N. , Mathiot D. , Enyedi V. , Lardin T.
Published: September 2014

of several new materials in clean rooms, the monitoring of trace metallic contamination is a real and present need. It is well known [1][2][3] that these impurities are detrimental to the efficiency of the microelectronics devices: they could cause crystal defects, act as electron traps, degrade minority carrier lifetime or increase the leakage current. Concerning the noble metallic contaminants (Au, Pt, Ir, Ru, Ag and Pd), now used in microelectronics to improve devices performances, their surface contamination control at low level (< 1010 at.cm-2) remains a great challenge.
Selective Nitride Etching with Phosphoric and Sulfuric Acid Mixtures Using a Single-Wafer Wet Processor
Authors: Sih Vincent , Reimer Berthold , Ratkovich Anthony S. , Lauerhaas Jeffrey M. , Butterbaugh Jeffery W.
Published: September 2014

Selective nitride etching in semiconductor manufacturing is currently performed in wet benches using hot orthophosphoric acid at 160-180C. This process requires silica seasoning to achieve the desired selectivity to silicon oxide. Silica seasoning in wet benches is achieved by etching blanket silicon nitride wafers prior to running productions runs. While, this method of selective silicon nitride etching has been successful in the past, particle requirements at advanced nodes [1] are driving the need for a new solution. Single wafer wet processing is proposed as a way to meet these challenging new particle specifications.
The value of preoperative ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration cytology of radiologically suspicious axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer
Authors: Sauer Torill , Kåresen Rolf
Published: September 2014

Background:

Preoperative ultrasound (US) and eventually US-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of suspicious axillary lymph nodes (ALN) is a standard procedure in the work-up of suspicious breast lesions. Preoperative US FNAC may prevent sentinel node biopsy (SNB) procedure in 24-30% of patients with early stage breast carcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the institutional results of this preoperative diagnostic procedure.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 182 cases of preoperative FNAC of suspicious ALN where retrieved from the pathology files. The results were compared with the final histology and staging. False negative (FN) FNAC cases were reviewed and possibly missed metastatic cases (2) were immunostained with the epithelial marker AE1/AE3.

Results:

There were no false positives, whereas 16 cases were FN. In all but one case the FN's represented sampling error. Half of the 16 FN cases in this series were macrometastases.

Discussion:

About 83% of the preoperatively aspirated cases were N+, indicating that a radiologically suspicious ALN has a very high risk of being metastatic. Preoperative US guided FNAC from radiologically suspicious ALN is highly efficient in detecting metastases. Depending on national guidelines, a preoperative, positive ALN FNAC might help to stratify the patients as to SNB and/or ALN dissection.
Diabetes and gonadal disorders
Authors: Chen Min , Dou Jingtao
Published: September 2014

Diabetes is closely related with the gonadal endocrine functions. On one hand, the abnormal glucose metabolism may affect functions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, which in turn leads to sex hormone disorders and, subsequently, hypogonadism both in male and female patients; on the other hand, abnormal secretion of sex hormones is associated with the risk of diabetes. The common hypogonadism diseases, such as hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (Klinefelter syndrome, Tuner syndrome) and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (Kallmann syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome), can significantly increase the prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism. The exact mechanism underlying the interaction between gonadal diseases and diabetes remains unclear, yet it may be associated with insulin resistance, obesity, abnormal chromosome and abnormal secretion of sex hormone. Clinically, individualized treatment with considerations to both gonadal diseases and abnormal glucose could be advisable.
Unsteady Flow Separation and High Performance of Airfoil with Local Flexible Structure at Low Reynolds Number
Authors: Lei Peng-Fei , Zhang Jia-Zhong , Kang Wei , Ren Sheng , Wang Le
Published: September 2014

The unsteady flow separation of airfoil with a local flexible structure (LFS) is studied numerically in Lagrangian frames in detail, in order to investigate the nature of its high aerodynamic performance. For such aeroelastic system, the characteristic-based split (CBS) scheme combined with arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) framework is developed firstly for the numerical analysis of unsteady flow, and Galerkin method is used to approach the flexible structure. The local flexible skin of airfoil, which can lead to self-induced oscillations, is considered as unsteady perturbation to the flow. Then, the ensuing high aerodynamic performances and complex unsteady flow separation at low Reynolds number are studied by Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs). The results show that the LFS has a significant influence on the unsteady flow separation, which is the key point for the lift enhancement. Specifically, the oscillations of the LFS can induce the generations of moving separation and vortex, which can enhance the kinetic energy transport from main flow to the boundary layer. The results could give a deep understand of the dynamics in unsteady flow separation and flow control for the flow over airfoil.
An Adaptive ANOVA-Based Data-Driven Stochastic Method for Elliptic PDEs with Random Coefficient
Authors: Zhang Zhiwen , Hu Xin , Hou Thomas Y. , Lin Guang , Yan Mike
Published: September 2014

In this paper, we present an adaptive, analysis of variance (ANOVA)-based data-driven stochastic method (ANOVA-DSM) to study the stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) in the multi-query setting. Our new method integrates the advantages of both the adaptive ANOVA decomposition technique and the data-driven stochastic method. To handle high-dimensional stochastic problems, we investigate the use of adaptive ANOVA decomposition in the stochastic space as an effective dimension-reduction technique. To improve the slow convergence of the generalized polynomial chaos (gPC) method or stochastic collocation (SC) method, we adopt the data-driven stochastic method (DSM) for speed up. An essential ingredient of the DSM is to construct a set of stochastic basis under which the stochastic solutions enjoy a compact representation for a broad range of forcing functions and/or boundary conditions.

Our ANOVA-DSM consists of offline and online stages. In the offline stage, the original high-dimensional stochastic problem is decomposed into a series of low-dimensional stochastic subproblems, according to the ANOVA decomposition technique. Then, for each subproblem, a data-driven stochastic basis is computed using the Karhunen-Loève expansion (KLE) and a two-level preconditioning optimization approach. Multiple trial functions are used to enrich the stochastic basis and improve the accuracy. In the online stage, we solve each stochastic subproblem for any given forcing function by projecting the stochastic solution into the data-driven stochastic basis constructed offline. In our ANOVA-DSM framework, solving the original highdimensional stochastic problem is reduced to solving a series of ANOVA-decomposed stochastic subproblems using the DSM. An adaptive ANOVA strategy is also provided to further reduce the number of the stochastic subproblems and speed up our method. To demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of our method, numerical examples are presented for one- and two-dimensional elliptic PDEs with random coefficients.
Transforming Ward Rounds Through Rounding-in-Flow
Authors: Calderon Alvin S. , Blackmore C. Craig , Williams Barbara L. , Chawla Kavita P. , Nelson-Peterson Dana L. , Ingraham Michael D. , Smith Donna L. , Kaplan Gary S.
Published: September 2014

Background

Traditional “batched” bedside clinical care rounds, where rounds for all patients precede clinical tasks, may delay clinical care and reduce resident work efficiency.

Innovation

Using Lean concepts, we developed a novel “Rounding-in-Flow” approach, with the patient care team completing all tasks for a single patient before initiating any tasks for the next patient. Outcome measures included timely patient discharge and intern work hours.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study with historic and contemporaneous control groups, with time series adjustment for underlying temporal trends at a single medical center. Primary outcomes were timely patient discharge orders and resident duty hours. Participants were 17 376 consecutive hospital inpatients between January 1, 2011, and June 30, 2012, and medical ward rounding teams of interns, residents, and attending hospitalists.

Results

Timely discharge orders, defined as written by 9:00 am, improved from 8.6% to 26.6% (OR, 1.55; 95% CI 1.17–2.06; P  =  .003). Time of actual patient discharge was unchanged. Resident duty hour violations, defined as less than 10 hours between clinical duties, decreased from 2.96 to 0.98 per intern per rotation (difference, 1.98; 95% CI 1.09–2.87; P < .001). Average daily intern work hours decreased from 12.3 to 11.9 hours (difference, 0.4 hours; 95% CI 0.16–0.69; P  =  .002).

Conclusions

Compared with batched rounding, Lean Rounding-in-Flow using “1-piece flow” principles was associated with more discharge orders written before 9:00 am and fewer violations in the 10-hour break rule, with minimal changes to intern total work hours and actual patient discharge time.
Success of a Faculty Development Program for Teachers at the Mayo Clinic
Authors: Lee Staci M. , Lee Mark C. , Reed Darcy A. , Halvorsen Andrew J. , Berbari Elie F. , McDonald Furman S. , Beckman Thomas J.
Published: September 2014

Background

There has been limited research on the improvement of underperforming clinical teachers.

Objective

To determine whether a faculty development program could improve the evaluations of clinical teachers in an internal medicine residency program.

Methods

A total of 123 teachers completed faculty development at the Mayo Clinic from 2009 to 2012. The faculty enhancement and education development program (FEED) consists of 6 interactive, small group, 2-hour sessions taught by experienced Mayo Clinic faculty over 1 year. These sessions address the following competencies: asking questions, diagnosing learners, giving feedback, using teaching frameworks, recognizing learning styles, and providing clinical supervision. Resident-of-faculty Mayo teaching effectiveness (MTE) scores have previously demonstrated content, internal structure, and criterion validity. Teachers were grouped into the top 80% or the bottom 20%, according to baseline MTE scores. Mixed linear models were used to compare these groups regarding changes in MTE scores after completion of FEED. Results were adjusted for teacher age, sex, medical specialty, academic rank, and teaching awards.

Results

For all participants combined, the adjusted MTE scores (mean; standard error) improved from baseline (3.80; 0.04) to completion of FEED (3.93; 0.04; P < .001). However, the bottom 20% had a significantly greater improvement in scores than the top 80% (score-change difference  =  0.166, P < .001).

Conclusions

We describe a low-intensity faculty development intervention that benefited all clinical teachers, but was particularly effective for underperforming teachers in internal medicine. The approach may be suitable for adoption or adaptation in other graduate medical education programs.
A Faculty Development Program to Reduce Rater Error on Milestone-Based Assessments
Authors: Raj Jaya M. , Thorn Patti M.
Published: September 2014

Background

Rater errors, such as halo/reverse halo, range restriction, and leniency errors, are frequently cited as threats to the validity of resident assessment by faculty.

Objective

We studied whether participation in faculty development on the use of a new Milestone-based assessment tool reduced rater error for participants compared to individuals who did not participate.

Methods

We reviewed evaluations of resident Milestones completed by faculty at the end of rotations between July 2012 and June 2013. The 2 Milestones in each competency with the greatest number of ratings were selected for analysis.

Results

A total of 412 evaluations were analyzed, including 217 completed by faculty who participated in the development activity, and 240 completed by nonparticipant faculty. All evaluations that contained identical scores for all Milestones (16%) were completed by nonparticipant faculty (χ2  =  37.498, P < .001). Faculty who had participated in development assigned a wider range of scores and lower minimum scores to residents, and provided the highest ratings for residents less frequently (P < .001) than nonparticipants.

Conclusions

Faculty who participated in education about the Milestones demonstrated significantly less halo, range restriction, and leniency errors than faculty members who did not participate. These findings support a recommendation to develop a cadre of “core faculty” by training them in the use of Milestone assessment tools, and making them responsible for a significant portion of resident assessments.
Educating Emergency Medicine Residents in Emergency Department Administration and Operations: Needs and Current Practice
Authors: Watase Taketo , Yarris Lalena M. , Fu Rongwei , Handel Daniel A.
Published: September 2014

Background

Emergency medicine (EM) residents are expected to develop competence in emergency department (ED) administration and operations.

Objectives

We assessed current needs and educational practices related to preparing EM residents for their role in ED operations, and explored whether there was an association between program characteristics and the presence of ED operations education in US EM residency programs.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional needs assessment, using a web-based survey sent to all US EM residency programs to assess program characteristics, provision of ED operations-related lectures, availability of an ED administrative fellowship, and presence of a formal ED operations curriculum. Logistic regression was used to determine if any program characteristics were associated with the presence of lectures and a formal operations curriculum.

Results

Of the 158 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–accredited EM programs, 117 (74%) responded. Of these, 109 (93%) respondents had at least 1 lecture on ED operational topics. Sixty programs (54%) measured resident productivity. Knowledge of Centers for Medicaid & Medicare Services reimbursement guidelines was significantly positively associated with presence of an ED operations curriculum (OR, 3.52, P  =  .009) and with lectures on patient satisfaction (OR, 3.99, P  =  .006). Measuring resident productivity was positively associated with having lectures on productivity (OR, 2.50, P  =  .02) and with ED throughput (OR, 2.32, P  =  .03). No 2 variables were simultaneously significant in the model.

Conclusions

Most EM programs had at least 1 lecture on ED operations topics. Roughly half of the programs measured resident productivity and half had a formal ED operations curriculum.
Tailoring Morning Reports to an Internal Medicine Residency in Qatar
Authors: Dousa Khalid Mohamed Ali , Muneer Mohammed , Rahil Ali , Al-Mohammed Ahmed , AlMohanadi Dabia , Elhiday Abdelhaleem , Hamad Abdelrahman , Albizreh Bassim , Suliman Noor , Muhsin Saif
Published: September 2014

Background

Morning report, a case-based conference that allows learners and teachers to interact and discuss patient care, is a standard educational feature of internal residency programs, as well as some other specialties.

Objective

Our intervention was aimed at enhancing the format for morning report in our internal medicine residency program in Doha, Qatar.

Intervention

In July 2011, we performed a needs assessment of the 115 residents in our internal medicine residency program, using a questionnaire. Resident input was analyzed and prioritized using the percentage of residents who agreed with a given recommendation for improving morning report. We translated the input into interventions that enhanced the format and content, and improved environmental factors surrounding morning report. We resurveyed residents using the questionnaire that was used for the needs assessment.

Results

Key changes to the format for morning report included improving organization, adding variety to the content, enhancing case selection and the quality of presentations, and introducing patient safety and quality improvement topics into discussions. This led to a morning report format that is resident-driven, and resident-led, and that produces resident-focused learning and quality improvement activities.

Conclusions

Our revised morning report format is a dynamic tool, and we will continue to tailor and modify it on an ongoing basis in response to participant feedback. We recommend a process of assessing and reassessing morning report for other programs that want to enhance resident interest and participation in clinical and safety-focused discussions.
Stigmatising Others Through Neighbourhood Talk in Indonesia
Authors: Goebel Zane
Published: September 2014

This paper looks at how a person is categorised in neighbourhood talk as ‘just like all other deviant Chinese’ over the course of two neighbourhood meetings that occurred a time when state authorized anti-Chinese discourses were increasingly common in Indonesia. In particular, I use linguistic anthropology to draw out relationships between everyday neighbourhood talk and more widely circulating stereotypes of Chineseness. This neighbourhood talk presents itself in genres that closely resemble storytelling and gossip and I point out that the nature of these genres make it difficult to pin responsibility for this talk on any neighbour in particular. Just as importantly, in the case presented here, stigmatization seems to be an unintended outcome of the intersection of talk across a number of temporally and spatially separated communicative events and social, economic, and political events at both the local and national levels.
Incitement to Genocide against a Political Group: The Anti-Communist Killings in Indonesia
Authors: Pohlman Annie Elizabeth
Published: September 2014

Genocide and mass atrocities can be seen as the culminative result of extreme social exclusion. Two of the critical steps on the path to genocidal persecution are the isolation and exclusion of a particular group and the mobilisation and incitement of perpetrators. This paper examines the case of the 1965-1966 massacres in Indonesia in light of these two incipient stages of genocide. First, I discuss the Indonesian killings of 1965-1966 by situating them within the conceptual and legal understandings of genocide and argue that those persecuted belonged predominantly to a defined political group, that is, members and associates of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI). I argue that the exclusion of political groups from the legal definition of genocide given in the UN Convention on Genocide is unsupportable when examined both within the context that it was created and the greater conceptual understandings of genocide studies. To support this argument, I then outline the political situation in Indonesia prior to the 1 October 1965 coup and explain how the country went through a process of political pillarisation, effectively creating the conditions for the creation and then eradication of the Left in Indonesia. In the final part of the paper, I examine how these killings were incited. I argue that hate propaganda was used against the PKI and its supporters by the main perpetrators of the massacres, the Indonesian military, to incite a popular, genocidal campaign. As a result of this hate-propaganda campaign, Leftists in Indonesia experienced extreme forms of dehumanisation and social death which, in turn, facilitated their eradication.
Self-Stigma, Perceived Stigma, and Help-Seeking Communication in People with Mental Illness
Authors: Teh Jen Lee , King David , Watson Bernadette , Liu Shuang
Published: September 2014

People with mental illness (PWMI) often internalise negative beliefs (self-stigma) or anticipate external sources of stigma (perceived stigma). This study examines how the two types of stigma affect the willingness to communicate for help – such communication is a vital aspect of good patient care and treatment outcome. Seventy-two participants from different ethnic backgrounds who had experienced mental illness responded to an online survey about their level of agreement with statements reflecting self- and perceived stigma and their willingness to disclose to various help sources. Face-to-face interviews with 17 of these respondents provided a deeper understanding of how stigma affected their help-seeking communication. The quantitative results seemed to suggest that self-stigma has a stronger negative correlation with willingness to seek help. Respondents preferred disclosing to friends above family members and health professionals. The results highlight the importance of building resilience to reduce self-stigma and thereby increase help seeking. Given the different ethnic backgrounds of the participants, there emerged some multicultural issues that would seem to contribute to persisting mental illness stigma. These and any cultural differences are discussed.
Climatic information of Western Sahel (1535–1793 AD) in original documentary sources
Authors: Millán V. , Rodrigo F. S.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. The Sahel is the semi-arid transition zone between arid Sahara and humid tropical Africa, extending approximately 10–20° N from Mauritania in the West to Sudan in the East. The African continent, one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change, is subject to frequent droughts and famine. One climate challenge research is to isolate those aspects of climate variability that are natural from those that are related to human influences. Therefore, the study of climatic conditions before mid-19th century, when anthropogenic influence was of minor importance, is very interesting. In this work the frequency of extreme events, such as droughts and floods, in Western Sahel from the 16th to 18th centuries is investigated using documentary data. Original manuscripts with historical chronicles from Walata and Nema (Mauritania), Timbuktu and Arawan (Mali), and Agadez (Niger) have been analyzed. Information on droughts, intense rainfall, storms and floods, as well as socioeconomic aspects (famines, pests, scarcity, prosperity) has been codified in an ordinal scale ranging from −2 (drought and famines) to +2 (floods) to obtain a numerical index of the annual rainfall in the region. Results show wet conditions in the 17th century, as well as dry conditions in the 18th century (interrupted by a short wet period in the 1730s decade).
Medición de la contribución de la Bioeconomía: Caso Nicaragua
Authors: Zúniga González Carlos Alberto , Trejos Rafael
Published: September 2014

La presente investigación se focaliza en medir la bioeconomía de Nicaragua utilizando el enfoque canadiense de la economía bio-basada, siguiendo las sub-categorías de Sistema de Clasificación Industrial Norteamericano (NACIS). Los datos y registros disponibles en el Banco Central de Nicaragua registrados en el Sistema de Cuentas Nacionales fueron utilizados para homologar las subcategorías del NACIS y el Clasificador Industrial Internacional Uniforme (CIIU) revisión 3 de las Naciones Unidas que permitió homologar los principales componentes de la economía bio-basada. El año base de referencia fue 1994 para el periodo 1994-2000 y 2006 como año de referencia para el 2006-2007.Los resultados evidencian que la Bioeconomía contribuyó al PIB en un 28% durante el periodo 1994-2000, en cambio durante el nuevo año de referencia 2006 se estimó un 7 % en promedio consistente con las estimaciones de Pellerin.De los componentes principales se destacó la industria de química orgánica con un 74% y 75% respectivamente, durante el periodo 2006-2007. En segundo orden el componente de las actividades de agricultura y cultivos con una contribución del 22%, para el periodo 2006-2007, pero represento el primer orden para el periodo 1994-2000 y el componente de salud, industrias médicas y farmacéuticas representó una contribución de un 24% durante el periodo 1994-2000, pero no así para el siguiente periodo, que al igual que los alimentos y bio-procesos de bebidas tienen una baja contribución. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/universitas.v5i1.1479 UNIVERSITAS (León): Revista Científica de la UNAN León Vol.5(1) 2014, pp 59-82
Vulnerabilidade natural à contaminação do sistema aquífero bauru na área urbana do município de Bauru (SP)
Authors: Rosenberger Mirella , Varnier Claudia , Iritani Mara Akie , Ferreira Luciana Martin Rodrigues , Oda Geraldo Hideo , Viotti Maurício
Published: September 2014

O presente trabalho aborda os principais aspectos relacionados ao estudo da vulnerabilidade natural à contaminação do Sistema Aquífero Bauru (SAB) na área urbana do Município de Bauru (SP). A vulnerabilidade do SAB foi avaliada pelos métodos DRASTIC e GOD, em combinação com um Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG). Os resultados obtidos pelo método GOD permitiram identificar três classes de vulnerabilidade: baixa-alta, moderada-baixa e moderada-alta. A classe moderada-baixa apresenta maior abrangência em área (79,3%), seguida da moderada-alta (20,0%) e baixa-alta (0,7%). No método DRASTIC, a vulnerabilidade foi definida por três classes: baixa, moderada ou alta. As áreas com vulnerabilidade moderada perfazem 67,0% da área estudada, enquanto as de baixa e alta correspondem a 30,0% e 3,0%, respectivamente. Os mapas gerados por ambos os métodos mostraram que as áreas mais vulneráveis à contaminação do SAB são aquelas próximas às margens dos rios Bauru e Batalha e seus afluentes, coincidentes com as áreas de descarga deste sistema aquífero. Tal fato é corroborado pela correlação das concentrações de nitrato, provenientes de atividade antrópica, com os mapas de vulnerabilidade. As maiores concentrações deste contaminante, muitas vezes excedendo o valor de alerta (5 mg/L N-NO3-) e até o limite de potabilidade (10 mg/L N-NO3-) situam-se, em geral, nas áreas de vulnerabilidade moderada a alta. Outro fator importante é que os bairros não contemplados pelas redes de água e esgoto compreendem, em sua totalidade, as áreas com vulnerabilidade moderada. Assim, visando a proteção do SAB, ressalta-se a necessidade de instalação de rede de esgoto nas áreas com vulnerabilidade moderada, bem como cuidados especiais quanto ao uso e ocupação do solo nestes locais e naqueles próximos à sua área de descarga.
Activities for Students: Filling a Square with a Curve
Authors: Martin David R.
Published: September 2014

inding patterns and making conjectures are important thinking skills for students at all levels of mathematics education. Both the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics and the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics speak to the importance of these thought processes. NCTM suggests that students should be able to recognize reasoning and proof as fundamental aspects of mathematics, make and investigate mathematical conjectures, develop and evaluate mathematical arguments and proofs, and select and use various types of reasoning and methods of proof. CCSS states that students should “make conjectures and build a logical progression of statements to explore the truth of their conjectures” (CCSSI 2010, p. 6). This activity makes such reasoning accessible to high school students with some previous study of trigonometry.
Palette of Problems
Authors: Amidon Joel , Roscoe Matt
Published: September 2014

A monthly set of problems is aimed at a variety of ability levels.
Pattern Blocks: How Does Your Igloo Grow?
Authors: Moss Erin , Camaligan Brenda
Published: September 2014

Each month, this section of the Problem Solvers department showcases students' in-depth thinking and discusses the classroom results of using problems presented in previous issues of Teaching Children Mathematics.
If You Give a Mathematician a Book
Authors: Bates C. C. , Powers Tawyna , Neugebauer Fran , Powers Jeff
Published: September 2014

Math by the Month is a regular department of the journal, featuring collections of short activities focused on a monthly theme. These articles aim for an inquiry or problem-solving orientation that includes at least four activities each for grade bands K–2, 3–4, and 5–6. This month, If You Give a Moose a Muffin (1991) serves up fraction-based math activities in pre-K–grade 6 and also provides the basis for connecting quality literature across the curriculum.
Family Game Nights
Authors: Kessinger Stephanie
Published: September 2014

Leaders can support teachers in creating and implementing fun, schoolwide events that increase parental involvement in—and discourse about—students' math education.
Number Sleuth
Authors: Yeh Cathery
Published: September 2014

Number Sleuth, a math scavenger hunt game, encourages problem solving and computations. Variations in the article include ways to adapt the game across grade levels. Postscript items are designed as rich grab-and-go resources that any teacher can quickly incorporate into their classroom repertoire with little effort and maximum impact.
Indicadores para la evaluación de repositorios institucionales de acceso abierto
Authors: Serrano Vicente Rocío , Melero Melero Remedios , Abadal Ernest
Published: September 2014

Después de 10 años de la declaración de Berlín, se ha realizado un estudio para definir unos indicadores de evaluación de repositorios, enfocados a la gestión interna y a la satisfacción de los usuarios. Se considera que no existe una sola forma de evaluar los repositorios, aunque sí se pueden dar unos criterios generales. Se ha realizado una recopilación de la bibliografía que trata sobrecriterios aplicados a la evaluación y análisis de repositorios institucionales y a partir de éstos, se ha establecido una propuesta propia que pueda ser aplicada a los repositorios institucionalescomo modelo potencial de evaluación. Se tendrán en cuenta en esta propuesta los factores que influyen en el rendimiento de los repositorios institucionales referentes a la gestión del repositorio. Como resultado, se proponen una serie de indicadores tecnológicos, de procesos,de marketing y de personal, que colaboren a que el repositorio sea una herramienta útil al usuario final y a la institución.
Des maux guerriers aux mots interventionnistes
Authors: Pomarède Julien
Published: September 2014

Cette étude propose une analyse de la légitimation de l’opération militaire des États membres de l’otan dans le ciel libyen en 2011. Par l’emploi d’outils méthodologiques d’analyse de discours forgés par Michel Foucault, notre objectif sera d’étudier les structures discursives dans lesquelles furent insérées les justifications de l’opération. Ainsi, déplaçant notre grille d’analyse du contenu des arguments vers la manière dont ils s’ordonnent et s’organisent dans des ensembles discursifs, nous supposons que la légitimation de l’intervention militaire en Libye reposait non pas sur des arguments précis et délimités, mais sur la mise en réseau progressive de justifications aux significations mouvantes et interdépendantes les unes des autres.