bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time and Factors Affecting the Direction of Re-drift in Essential Infantile Esotropia
Authors: Na Kun-Hoo , Cho Yoonae A. , Kim Seung-Hyun
Published: November 2017

Purpose:

To investigate the development pattern and related factors of postoperative re-drift in infantile esotropia.

Methods:

A total of 112 patients with infantile esotropia who underwent surgery before 3 years of age were included. Surgical outcomes were divided into (1) consecutive exotropia: more than 8 prism diopters (PD) of exodeviation; (2) recurrent esotropia: more than 8 PD of esodeviation; and (3) monofixation syndrome: maintenance of deviations within 8 PD. The occurrence rate, time of onset, and associated factors of the re-drift were evaluated.

Results:

At a mean follow-up of 9.5 years, consecutive exotropia developed in 37 patients (33.0%) and recurrent esotropia in 43 patients (38.4%). Whereas 76.7% of total recurrent esotropia cases were identified within postoperative 1 year, consecutive exotropia occurred constantly over 10 years postoperatively. The mean time to consecutive exotropia development from surgery was 78.6 months, greater than that of recurrent esotropia development (8.9 months) (
P
< 0.001). In multinomial logistic regression using monofixation syndrome as the reference category, fixation preference before surgery (odds ratio [OR]: 6.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.07 to 21.32) and the rate of myopic progression (OR: 15.07 per −1.00 D/year, 95% CI: 1.23 to 184.86) were associated with consecutive exotropia, whereas increase in the angle of esodeviation on postoperative day 1 (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.26) was correlated with recurrent esotropia.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates a difference between the development pattern of exotropic and esotropic drift after infantile esotropia surgery. Detailed preoperative assessment and close postoperative observation of deviations and refractive status will help to determine surgical outcomes of infantile esotropia.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2018;55(2):93–99.]
Practice Patterns in the Management of Amblyopia: A Survey Study
Authors: Laplant Jacquelyn , Vagge Aldo , Nelson Leonard B.
Published: November 2017

Purpose:

To characterize current practice preferences of pediatric ophthalmologists in the management of amblyopia and whether these are influenced by demographic variables.

Methods:

A 10-question survey was distributed to all pediatric ophthalmologists and fellows attending the Annual Joseph H. Calhoun Pediatric Ophthalmology Forum at Wills Eye Hospital in 2016. The questionnaire consisted of demographic information and clinical management of amblyopia using clinical scenarios commonly encountered in pediatric ophthalmology practice.

Results:

Of the 133 pediatric ophthalmologists who attended, 74 completed the survey, all of which were included in the data analysis. Seventy-six percent of respondents prescribed refractive correction to a 3 year old with untreated anisometropic amblyopia prior to initiating occlusion therapy. For a child with coexisting exotropia, 57% recommended refractive and occlusion therapy until significant visual improvement, then surgery; however, 30% would perform surgery earlier. Fifty-seven percent stopped occlusion therapy at 10 years of age or older. Sixty-four percent estimated a patient patching compliance rate of 50% to 75%. There was no significant relationship (
P
< .05) between any of the demographic variables, indicating that no group was more or less likely to respond to the question in any way.

Conclusions:

This study highlights the lack of a unified approach to certain aspects of amblyopia management. Physician-related demographic variables did not significantly affect clinical decision-making; however, variation did exist among respondents, a finding that warrants further investigation.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2018;55(2):100–106.]
Hot Topics in Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Tsui Irena , Chu Alison
Published: November 2017

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a condition seen in premature infants that is characterized by abnormal retinal blood vessel growth incited by relative hyperoxia and followed by hypoxia. It can have severe consequences ranging from high myopia to blindness. This article reviews recent “hot” topics related to ROP, specifically the changing incidence of ROP worldwide, the advent of predictive algorithms for screening for ROP, the emerging data behind efficacy of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatments for ROP, and advanced retinal imaging in children who were born premature.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2017;46(11):e415–e422.]
When an Orbital Infection Isn't Infectious at All: A Review of Orbital Inflammatory Syndrome
Authors: LaPonsie Sadie A. , Rabiah Peter K.
Published: November 2017

Orbital inflammatory syndrome (OIS) includes a wide range of clinical manifestations and may initially be misdiagnosed as orbital cellulitis due similar symptoms of fever, periorbital swelling, and pain with eye movements. A diagnosis of OIS requires evaluation for underlying systemic disorders including autoimmune disorders and thyroid disease. Symptoms typically improve rapidly after initiation of steroid therapy, although recurrence can occur. This article presents an illustrative case of a 13-year-old girl with OIS.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2017;46(11):e433–e436.]
An Explicit Computation of the Blanchfield Pairing for Arbitrary Links
Authors: Conway Anthony
Published: November 2017

Given a linkL, the Blanchfield pairing Bl(L) is a pairing that is defined on the torsion submodule of the Alexander module ofL. In some particular cases, namely ifLis a boundary link or if the Alexander module ofLis torsion, Bl(L) can be computed explicitly; however no formula is known in general. In this article, we compute the Blanchfield pairing of any link, generalizing the aforementioned results. As a corollary, we obtain a new proof that the Blanchûeld pairing is Hermitian. Finally, we also obtain short proofs of several properties of Bl(L).
Towards better: A motivated introduction to better-quasi-orders
Authors: Pequignot Yann
Published: November 2017

The well-quasi-orders (WQO) play an important role in various fields such as Computer Science, Logic or Graph Theory. Since the class of WQOs lacks closure under some important operations, the proof that a certain quasi-order is WQO consists often of proving it enjoys a stronger and more complicated property, namely that of being a better-quasi-order (BQO).

Several articles — notably [5, 9–11, 14, 22] — contain valuable introductory material to the theory of BQOs. However, a textbook entitled “Introduction to better-quasi-order theory” is yet to be written. Here is an attempt to give a motivated and self-contained introduction to the deep concept defined by Nash-Williams that we would expect to find in such a textbook.
Docencia universitaria 2.0. Efectos de la Web 2.0 en la docencia universitaria como objeto de estudio de las revistas españolas de comunicación
Authors: Costa-Sánchez Carmen , Rodríguez-Vázquez Ana Isabel , Direito-Rebollal Sabela
Published: November 2017

La eclosión de la llamada Web 2.0 ha modificado sustancialmente las formas de comunicación y la formación en dicho ámbito también debe tener presente el nuevo entorno. El presente trabajo realiza un análisis de la investigación sobre docencia universitaria y social media en el período 2010-2015. Metodología. Se han recopilado todos los artículos publicados en las revistas de comunicación españolas indexadas en Scopus que abordan el fenómeno. Se pretende averiguar el peso de la temática en la agenda de investigación de los últimos años, así como sintetizar las áreas de conocimiento, el ámbito de aplicación, la evolución temporal, las metodologías, las herramientas y los principales resultados y conclusiones de dichos estudios. A nivel metodológico se ha empleado el análisis de contenido para profundizar en lo que se ha teorizado y analizado empíricamente. Se han revisado 2344 artículos de los que 103 se han configurado como muestra de estudio. Resultados y conclusiones. El trabajo concluye que resulta un tema de interés creciente para los docentes de distintas áreas de conocimiento, que se están desarrollando iniciativas de docencia 2.0 especialmente en los estudios de grado de Periodismo y que se abrazan con más optimismo que perspectiva crítica las potencialidades tecnológicas de la llamada Web participativa.
Beatrix, un roman courtois au sein du cycle de la croisade
Authors: Dermastja Tadeja
Published: November 2017

Dans cet article on essaie d’exposer certains éléments du fabuleux dans la branche médiévale de Beatrix qui a été intégrée au cycle épique français de la croisade et la comparer au poème médiéval anglais portant le même titre. La question qui se pose dans ce sens est pourquoi le thème de cette chanson pouvait-il être intéressant dans les deux milieux littéraires et quelles sont les circonstances historiques et littéraires qui l’ont fait connu dans les différents cadres culturels européens. Il faudra aussi rechercher tous contextes de cette matière qui est entrée dans le genre épique, mais qui pourrait représenter un autre genre poétique médiéval ; que ce soit la poésie courtoise soit la poésie chevaleresque, la branche de Beatrix a été jointe aux chansons des croisades, celles-ci étant majoritairement les chansons de geste. La branche de Beatrix raconte l’histoire de la naissance du Chevalier au cygne, dont la légende était très répandue dans le continent européen, surtout sous la forme de la légende de Lohengrin. On démontrera que la matière de Beatrix était connue en Angleterre pour des raisons purement historiques et qu’en effet cette matière y a préexisté et elle lui a été rendue après s’être proliférée dans le continent.
An Australian Poet in Italy: A.D. Hope’s Byronic View of Latter-day Italy
Authors: Maver Igor
Published: November 2017

The article examines the classicism of the poet A.D. Hope, especially in relation to his fascination with the work of Lord Byron, notably Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage and its sections set in Italy in Rome. Hope’s insistence on the European source of Australian literature in the classical antiquity found expression in several of his poems in direct intertextual references to Byron’s work.
Bertolt Brecht
Authors: Parker Stephen
Published: November 2017

This first English language biography of Bertolt Brecht (1898–1956) in two decades paints a strikingly new picture of one of the twentieth century’s most controversial cultural icons.

Drawing on letters, diaries and unpublished material, including Brecht’s medical records, Parker offers a rich and enthralling account of Brecht’s life and work, viewed through the prism of the artist. Tracing his extraordinary life, from his formative years in Augsburg, through the First World War, his politicisation during the Weimar Republic and his years of exile, up to the Berliner Ensemble’s dazzling productions in Paris and London, Parker shows how Brecht achieved his transformative effect upon world theatre and poetry.

Bertolt Brecht: A Literary Life is a powerful portrait of a great, compulsively contradictory personality, whose artistry left its lasting imprint on modern culture.
Edgar The Playwright
Authors: Painter Susan
Published: November 2017

“The best review I’ve ever had was when Michael Billington said, ‘like Balzac, David Edgar seems to be a secretary for our times’...I’d like to be a secretary for the times through which I’m living.” (David Edgar)

David Edgar is one of Britain’s major political playwrights. He belongs to a generation of dramatists – which includes Howard Brenton, Trevor Griffiths and David Hare – who learned their craft in the Fringe theatres of the late sixties. His best known plays have been written for the Royal National Theatre (including Albert Speer in 2000 and The Shape of the Table) and the Royal Shakespeare Company (Destiny; The Jail Diary of Albie Sachs, Nicholas Nickleby, Maydays and Pentecost).

In this full-length study of Edgar’s work, Susan Painter examines the social, political and theatrical context of Edgar’s career in the theatre and provides a detailed analysis of the plays.
Screen Adaptations: Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet
Authors: Lehmann Courtney
Published: November 2017

The Screen Adaptations series provides an in-depth look at how classic pieces of literature have been adapted for screen. It assesses the ways in which alternative screen interpretations offer up different readings of the original text as well as the methodologies and approaches of filmmakers.

Each title in the series collects together a vast array of study material, critical insight and thought-provoking comparisons - from literary context to the afterlife of the screen versions.

Shakespeare on Film is a huge area of study and Romeo and Juliet is one of his most popular plays with many teachers using film versions as a way of approaching the text. Focussing in the main on West Side Story and Baz Lurhmann's Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet, this is a unique and comprehensive insight into the adaptation process providing a vital study aid for students.
Dance Composition
Authors: Smith-Autard Jacqueline
Published: November 2017

Dance composition – the discipline that translates ideas into dances – is an important part of dance education. This book, a bestseller for over twenty years, is a practical guide to creative success in dance making and is invaluable for all those who are interested in dance composition, from secondary school to university.

This fifth edition has been revised and updated to include a new chapter exploring creative processes in relation to composing dances.
Clear Speech
Authors: Morrison Malcolm
Published: November 2017

This book gives clear guidance to good pronunciation and is written in an easily-accessible form. Many people can identify and solve their speech problems and significantly improve their voice by using tried and tested exercises. The systematic arrangement of the material with clear illustrations makes it easy for the layman to understand and work from effectively. This new edition contains additional exercises as well as an expanded chapter on Indistinct Speech.
The Edinburgh Fringe Survival Guide
Authors: Fisher Mark
Published: November 2017

‘Ah! The Fringe! I can’t think of a more delightful way of putting my liver, bank account, relationship, complexion, and mental stability under the greatest strain they’ve ever known!’ Mel Giedroyc

It is the world’s largest arts festival, attracting everyone from student first-timers to Hollywood stars. Thrilling, inspiring and bewildering in equal measure, the Edinburgh Festival Fringe can make you a star or break your bank.

So what is the secret of making it work for you?

The Edinburgh Fringe Survival Guide draws on the experiences of the festival’s leading figures - their disasters as well as their triumphs - to take you step by step through the process of making your show a success in the Scottish capital.

From choosing a venue to keeping on top of the budget, from sorting out accommodation to securing the best press coverage, from generating word of mouth to making the most of a hit, this unique practical guide for performers, directors and producers helps you get your show the audience it deserves.

Among those sharing their expert advice are playwright Simon Stephens, comedian Phil Nichol, actor Siobhan Redmond, producer Guy Masterson, Tiger Lillies front man Martyn Jacques, theatre critic Lyn Gardner, Foster’s Edinburgh Comedy Award director Nica Burns, as well as the directors of all the major Fringe venues, top press officers, international promoters and insiders from the Fringe Society itself.

The foreword is written by playwright Mark Ravenhill.
Getting the Joke
Authors: Double Oliver
Published: November 2017

This is the kind of book that troubles grey-suited committees of academic peers. It’s too enjoyable. But that, given its subject, is just what it ought to be, and it treats that subject seriously … There isn’t a “dull” page anywhere in the book.’ – Professor Peter Thomson, Studies in Theatre and Performance

Comedy is changing: stand-up comedians routinely sell out stadia, their audience-figures swollen by panel-show appearances and much-followed Twitter feeds. Meanwhile, the smaller clubs are filling up, with audiences as well as aspirants. How can we make sense of it all? This new edition of Getting the Joke gives an insider’s look at the spectrum of modern comedy, re-examining the world of stand-up in the internet age.

Drawing on his acclaimed first edition, Oliver Double focuses in greater detail on the US scene and its comedians (such as David Cross, Sarah Silverman, Louis CK, Demetri Martin and Margaret Cho); the ‘DIY’ comedy circuit and its celebrated apostles and visionaries, from Josie Long to Stewart Lee; the growing importance of the solo stand-up show; the role played by Twitter (including an interview with the organiser of the world’s first comedy gig on Twitter), and the driving force that is the TV guest slot, be it on Mock the Week or Live at the Apollo.

With expanded sections on joke construction, as well as ways to challenge the audience, and a host of new and updated exercises to guide the aspiring comedian, this new edition of Getting the Joke is the only book to combine the history of stand-up comedy with an analysis of the elements and methods that go into its creation. Featuring a range of interviews with working comedians – from circuit veterans to new kids on the block – combined with the author’s vast experience, this is a must read for any aspiring stand-up comedian.
The Actor’s Workbook
Authors: Clifton Alex
Published: November 2017

The Actor’s Workbook is an essential workbook for actors, actors in training and teachers of acting and drama. The workbook and video provide a clear, step-by-step guide to learning techniques in acting.

The book presents a system of exercises which will develop core acting skills, offers techniques for developing an authored role and models for devising new work. These techniques are based on the practices of Konstantin Stanislavski and his recent theatrical descendants including Uta Hagen, Sanford Meisner, Michael Chekhov and others.

The exercises in the book are outlined in a student-centred approach, offering not only in-class exercises, but also pre-class exercises, educational frameworks, teaching-tips, suggested texts through which to apply the work, follow-up exercises and suggestions for further reading in each chapter.

Enabling and guiding the actor’s sustainable, communicable, believable transformation into an imagined reality, this workbook is filled with powerful and precise acting tools, each underpinned by a rigorous and well-explained philosophy of practice.

The Actor’s Workbook includes video of the author teaching the exercises, with professional actors demonstrating the techniques to be learned.
Music Entrepreneurship
Authors: Dumbreck Allan , McPherson Gayle
Published: November 2017

The music industries hinge on entrepreneurship. The recent, rapid convergence of media and the parallel ongoing evolution of music businesses have again seen the focus shift to independent companies and individual entrepreneurs. Opportunities tend not to be advertised in professional music and practically everyone begins on their own: forming a band, starting a record label, running events, or building a website. But it's not an easy territory to navigate or get a handle on.

Music Entrepreneurship features an analysis of the changing landscape of the music industries and the value of the entrepreneur within them through a series of focused chapters and case studies. Alongside contributions from key academics across the globe, expert contributors from across the industry highlight successful entrepreneurs and offers practical help to the reader trying to navigate the business. Sectors examined include:
The value of the music industriesRecorded musicLive eventsBranding in musicArtist managementDigital distribution
Theatre of Real People
Authors: Garde Ulrike , Mumford Meg
Published: November 2017

Theatre of Real People offers fresh perspectives on the current fascination with putting people on stage who present aspects of their own lives and who are not usually trained actors. After providing a history of this mode of performance, and theoretical frameworks for its analysis, the book focuses on work developed by seminal practitioners at Berlin’s Hebbel am Ufer (HAU) production house. It invites the reader to explore the HAU’s innovative approach to Theatre of Real People, authenticity and cultural diversity during the period of Matthias Lilienthal’s leadership (2003–12).

Garde and Mumford also elucidate how Theatre of Real People can create and destabilise a sense of the authentic, and suggest how Authenticity-Effects can present new ways of perceiving diverse and unfamiliar people. Through a detailed analysis of key HAU productions such as Lilienthal’s brainchild X-Apartments, Mobile Academy’s Blackmarket, and Rimini Protokoll’s 100% City, the book explores both the artistic agenda of an important European theatre institution, and a crucial aspect of contemporary theatre’s social engagement.
British Musical Theatre since 1950
Authors: Gordon Robert , Jubin Olaf , Taylor Millie
Published: November 2017

This critical introduction to British musical theatre since 1950 is the first book to discuss its post-war developments from the perspective of British – as opposed to American – popular culture. The genre is situated within the historical context of post-war British society in order to explore the range of forms through which significant sociocultural moments are represented.

Introductory chapters analyse the way British musicals have responded to social change, the forms of popular theatre and music from which they have developed and their originality in elaborating new narrative strategies since the seventies. A key feature of the book is its close readings of twelve key works, from Salad Days(1954) and Oliver! (1960) to global smash hits such as Les Misérables (1985) and The Phantom of the Opera (1986) and beyond, including the latest critical and box-office success Matilda (2011). Also analysed are British favourites (Blood Brothers, 1983), cult shows (The Rocky Horror Show, 1975) and musicals with a pre-existing fan-base, such as Mamma Mia! (1999).
The Contemporary American Monologue
Authors: Paterson Eddie
Published: November 2017

Talk-show confessions, online rants, stand-up routines, inspirational speeches, banal reflections and calls to arms: we live in an age of solo voices demanding to be heard. In The Contemporary American Monologue Eddie Paterson looks at the pioneering work of US artists Spalding Gray, Laurie Anderson, Anna Deavere Smith and Karen Finley, and the development of solo performance in the US as a method of cultural and political critique. Ironic confession, post-punk poetry, investigations of race and violence, and subversive polemic, this book reveals the link between the rise of radical monologue in the late 20th century and history of speechmaking, politics, civil rights, individual freedom and the American Dream in the United States. It shows how US artists are speaking back to the cultural, political and economic forces that shape the world.

Eddie Paterson traces the importance of the monologue in Shakespeare, Brecht, Beckett, Chekov, Pinter, O'Neill and Williams, before offering a comprehensive analysis of several of the most influential and innovative American practitioners of monologue performance.

The Contemporary American Monologue constitutes the first book-length account of US monologists that links the tradition of oratory and speechmaking in the colony to the appearance of solo performance as a distinctly American phenomenon.
Hamlet
Authors: Callaghan Dympna
Published: November 2017

This lively and informative guide reveals Hamlet as marking a turning point in Shakespeare’s use of language and dramatic form as well as addressing the key problem at the play’s core: Hamlet’s inaction. It also looks at recent critical approaches to the play and its theatre history, including the recent David Tennant / RSC Hamlet on both stage and TV screen.
Joan’s Book
Authors: Hedley Philip
Published: November 2017

‘Once upon a time, the London theatre was a charming mirror held up to cosiness. Then came Joan Littlewood, smashing the glass, blasting the walls, letting the wind of life blow in a rough, but ready, world. Today, we remember this irresistible force with love and gratitude.’ (Peter Brook)

Along with Peter Brook, Joan Littlewood, affectionately termed ‘The Mother of Modern Theatre’, has come to be known as the most galvanising director of mid-twentieth-century Britain, as well as a founder of so many of the practices of contemporary theatre. The best-known work of Littlewood’s company, Theatre Workshop, included the development and premieres of Shelagh Delaney’s A Taste of Honey, Brendan Behan’s The Hostage and The Quare Fellow, and the seminal Oh What A Lovely War.

This autobiography, originally published in 1994, offers an unparalleled first-hand account of Littlewood’s extraordinary life and career, from illegitimate child in south-east London to one of the most influential directors and practitioners of our times. It is published along with an introduction by Philip Hedley CBE, previously Artistic Director of Theatre Royal Stratford East and Assistant Director to Joan Littlewood.
Mastering the Shakespeare Audition
Authors: Soto-Morettini Donna
Published: November 2017

Mastering the Shakespeare Audition is a handbook for actors of all ages and experience, whether auditioning for a professional role or a place in drama school.

Many actors have no idea where to start in preparing a Shakespeare audition speech. Yet many auditions – professional or drama school – require a well-delivered classical monologue.

Mastering the Shakespeare Audition shows performers how to focus rehearsal time and spend it well. Starting with how to choose a piece that plays to each actor’s particular strength, casting director Donna Soto-Morettini provides a series of timed exercises and rehearsal techniques that will allow any actor to feel confident and truly prepared for performance – in sessions totalling just 35 hours.

Offering progressive and clearly marked exercises detailing the time necessary both to read and complete the work, Mastering the Shakespeare Audition also features extended exercises for those with more time to spare, allowing a deeper understanding of the ideas and skills involved.
Marx and Freud
Authors: Bartolovich Crystal , Howard Jean E. , Hillman David
Published: November 2017

This volume looks at Marx and Freud, who, though not ‘Shakespeareans’ in the usual academic or theatrical sense, were both deeply informed by Shakespeare’s writings, and have both had enormous influence on the understanding and reception of Shakespeare. The first section of this volume consists of a discussion of Marx’s use of Shakespeare by Crystal Bartolovich followed by an essay on Shakespeareans’ recent uses of Marx by Jean E. Howard. The volume’s second half, written by David Hillman, juxtaposes a discussion of Freud's use of Shakespeare with a meditation on Shakespeare's ‘use’ of Freud. Each part can be read fruitfully independently of the others, but the sum is greater than the parts, offering an engagement with two of the most influential thinkers in Western modernity and their interchanges with, arguably, the most influential figure of early modernity: Shakespeare.
Evaluating climate change impacts on streamflow variability based on a multisite multivariate GCM downscaling method in the Jing River of China
Authors: Li Zhi , Jin Jiming
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Projected hydrological variability is important for future resource and hazard management of water supplies because changes in hydrological variability can cause more disasters than changes in the mean state. However, climate change scenarios downscaled from Earth System Models (ESMs) at single sites cannot meet the requirements of distributed hydrologic models for simulating hydrological variability. This study developed multisite multivariate climate change scenarios via three steps: (i) spatial downscaling of ESMs using a transfer function method, (ii) temporal downscaling of ESMs using a single-site weather generator, and (iii) reconstruction of spatiotemporal correlations using a distribution-free shuffle procedure. Multisite precipitation and temperature change scenarios for 2011–2040 were generated from five ESMs under four representative concentration pathways to project changes in streamflow variability using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for the Jing River, China. The correlation reconstruction method performed realistically for intersite and intervariable correlation reproduction and hydrological modeling. The SWAT model was found to be well calibrated with monthly streamflow with a model efficiency coefficient of 0.78. It was projected that the annual mean precipitation would not change, while the mean maximum and minimum temperatures would increase significantly by 1.6 ± 0.3 and 1.3 ± 0.2 °C; the variance ratios of 2011–2040 to 1961–2005 were 1.15 ± 0.13 for precipitation, 1.15 ± 0.14 for mean maximum temperature, and 1.04 ± 0.10 for mean minimum temperature. A warmer climate was predicted for the flood season, while the dry season was projected to become wetter and warmer; the findings indicated that the intra-annual and interannual variations in the future climate would be greater than in the current climate. The total annual streamflow was found to change insignificantly but its variance ratios of 2011–2040 to 1961–2005 increased by 1.25 ± 0.55. Streamflow variability was predicted to become greater over most months on the seasonal scale because of the increased monthly maximum streamflow and decreased monthly minimum streamflow. The increase in streamflow variability was attributed mainly to larger positive contributions from increased precipitation variances rather than negative contributions from increased mean temperatures.
En torno a los bienes comunales. Posesiones y propiedades familiares con responsabilidades públicas en Rumanía
Authors: Torrens Arnal Míriam
Published: November 2017

Este artículo se propone reflexionar sobre los valores de justicia y equidad presentes en una institución consuetudinaria propia de la minoría székely de Transilvania, de habla húngara. El közbirtoksság (literalmente y simplificando: co-propiedad) se compone de propiedades familiares que constituyen un comunal agregado, es decir, una propiedad conjunta de pastos y bosque. Son indivisibles, inalienables y de gestión participativa directa y completa. Nos interesa subrayar que los comunales no son instituciones aisladas de una sociedad, sino que son coherentes con muchas otras instituciones locales y valores de esa misma sociedad y que conforman un modelo de convivencia particular. Veremos que entre el acuerdo y la tensión ocurren varios conflictos de intereses entre sus miembros. Junto a ellos, los intereses del Estado y de la administración local marcan la evolución del conjunto de sus regulaciones a lo largo de la historia.
“Hacer ejido” y sentido de comunidad. El devenir en la acción colectiva, el Estado y la conservación ecológica en México
Authors: Cano Castellanos Ingreet Juliet
Published: November 2017

Los estudios sobre bienes comunes suelen centrar su atención en las llamadas instituciones comunitarias. En este artículo, por el contrario, analizo el devenir de la acción colectiva y la expansión de políticas de conservación ecológica en México para entender el manejo de recursos de propiedad común. De este modo, con una perspectiva diacrónica y etnográfica, evidencio dos procesos complementarios: la construcción local de una idea de ‘lo colectivo’ y la reconfiguración de la idea de ‘Estado’. Ambos procesos son analizados a la luz de las experiencias de dos agrupaciones que colonizaron el sureste de la Selva Lacandona, México, hacia 1970. Al estudiar la relación entre el aparato gubernamental y los colonizadores, cuestiono la tendencia a referirse al ‘Estado’ y a la ‘comunidad’ como si fueran entidades acabadas y en completa oposición. Por otra parte, al abordar las prácticas organizativas locales exploro las dinámicas, tensiones y contradicciones vividas por los colonizadores, inicialmente ante el imperativo de formar ejidos y posteriormente al saberse habitantes de una zona de amortiguación ecológica. Teniendo en cuenta estos condicionamientos, finalmente, describo la reciente orientación del sentido de comunidad hacia las inquietudes ambientales, pero también, los aprendizajes adquiridos para posicionarse frente al poder estatal.
Comunidad, bienes comunes y turismo en Floreana (Islas Galápagos)
Authors: Ruiz-Ballesteros Esteban
Published: November 2017

Los habitantes de Floreana son cada vez más dependientes del turismo, pero no controlan esta actividad a nivel local (flujos, beneficios, gestión); por eso pretenden cambiar el modelo turístico. El desarrollo de un turismo de base local alternativo pasa por un necesario proceso de construcción de comunidad y creación de bienes comunes, lo que supone un reposicionamiento local tanto frente al mercado (encarnado en los operadores turísticos) como ante el Estado (sustanciado en políticas de conservación ambiental). Este proceso presenta dificultades tanto de origen externo como interno, ya que la propia sociedad local es heterogénea. Floreana se nos presenta como una suerte de metáfora “buena para pensar” múltiples procesos que están emergiendo en la sociedad contemporánea: ¿cómo se genera lo común? ¿cómo se construye comunidad? ¿qué espacio queda entre el mercado y el Estado para la comunidad y lo común?
De la colectividad a la comunidad. Reflexiones acerca del derecho de propiedad en Llanchu, Perú
Authors: Hall Ingrid
Published: November 2017

La comunidad es una institución clave en la organización social de la población rural del Perú, esencialmente andina; se estima que la gestión común de la tierra es su rasgo fundamental. La reforma agraria de 1969 abrió en este sentido una etapa muy importante al atribuir a nombre de la comunidad, legalmente reconocida, un título de propiedad colectivo de sus tierras. A través de datos etnográficos analizaremos en este artículo el caso específico de la comunidad campesina de Llanchu (Calca, Cusco). Mostraremos cómo la obtención del estatus de comunidad campesina y de un título de propiedad fueron fundamental para la formación y la estructuración de una comunidad en el sentido sociológico del término. Nos interesamos más precisamente en el pluralismo jurídico y en la dimensión generativa del derecho, analizando la manera como medidas externas impulsaron en la comunidad cambios internos al nivel local.
Decellularized Kidney Matrix as Functional Material for whole Organ Tissue Engineering
Authors: Figliuzzi Marina , Bonandrini Barbara , Remuzzi Andrea
Published: November 2017

Renal transplantation is currently the most effective treatment for end-stage renal disease, which represents one of the major current public health problems. However, the number of available donor kidneys is drastically insufficient to meet the demand, causing prolonged waiting lists. For this reason, tissue engineering offers great potential to increase the pool of donated organs for kidney transplantation, by way of seeding cells on supporting scaffolding material. Biological scaffolds are prepared by removing cellular components from the donor organs using a decellularization process with detergents, enzymes or other cell lysing solutions. Extracellular matrix which makes up the scaffold is critical to directing the cell attachment and to creating a suitable environment for cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Researchers are now studying whole intact scaffolds produced from the kidneys of animals or humans without adversely affecting extracellular matrix, biological activity and mechanical integrity. The process of recellularization includes cell seeding strategies and the choice of the cell source to repopulate the scaffold. This is the most difficult phase, due to the complexity of the kidney. Indeed, no studies have provided sufficient results of complete renal scaffold repopulation and differentiation. This review summarizes the research that has been conducted to obtain decellularized kidney scaffolds and to repopulate the scaffolds, evaluating the best cell sources, the cell seeding methods and the cell differentiation in kidney scaffolds.
INVESTIGATING SUPPLY CHAIN COOPERATION IN FINNISH GROCERY RETAIL
Authors: Rontanen Jonatan , Grant David B. , Piotrowicz Wojciech
Published: November 2017

This paper explores how a cooperative approach to supply chain management enhances supply chain performance under fluctuating demand and uncertainty in the grocery retail sector. The exploratory and qualitative empirical study comprises a two-echelon case study of a Finnish grocery retail supply chain focussing on a grocery wholesaler and its tier 1, small retail customers. Interviews were conducted with key respondents at both echelon levels and it was found that cooperation can be a useful and successful technique to reduce costs and improve supply chain performance in a volatile and uncertain demand context. A list of enablers and barriers for supply chain cooperation were developed to guide practitioners and there is a brief discussion of this study’s implications for Poland.
A BICYCLE AS A COMPLEMENTARY ELEMENT OF URBAN LOGISTICS
Authors: Lewandowski Grzegorz
Published: November 2017

The fact that public transport, with particular regard to the urban logistics, experiences difficulties in numerous Polish cities indicate there is a need to refine a transport network using an alternative mean of transport which is a bicycle. It is necessary to limit usage of traditional means of transport in favour of solutions generating zero emission of exhaust fumes. One such solution is bike & ride + bicycle & bike system. It was introduced in Bydgoszcz and now the bicycle is a complementary element of urban logistics.
Suture-assisted punctoplasty
Authors: Sachdev Amun , Sagili Suresh R.
Published: November 2017

PurposeTo describe a surgical technique in which a suture, instead of forceps, is used to improve access for the introduction of scissors and more easily achieve an appropriately-sized punctoplasty.

MethodsIn this technique, a new modification of the 2-snip punctoplasty, a 6-0 polyglactin 910 suture is passed through the posterior wall of the punctum to apply traction. A video of the technique is provided.

ResultsThis technique improves the surgical field of view and eases access for introduction of Vannas scissors into the punctum to perform the punctoplasty.

ConclusionsThis simple and practical modification of the 2-snip punctoplasty improves instrument access so that an appropriately-sized punctoplasty can be performed with ease.
Isenções e reduções tarifárias em rodovias concedidas: um estudo de caso das rodovias no estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Saddy André , Pinto Igor Giuberti
Published: November 2017

Este artigo objetivou apurar os tipos de isenções e reduções tarifárias presentes nas rodovias concedidas, com enfoque no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para tal, inicialmente, fez-se a análise das cláusulas dos contratos de concessão de rodovias existentes nesse estado-membro. Na sequência do estudo, pesquisou-se a legislação vigente sobre o tema. Após, o foco centrou-se nos projetos de leis atuais e do passado que propõem ou propuseram a questão em tela. Por fim, foi realizado estudo jurisprudencial sobre a temática. As informações coletadas esclarecem os diferentes tipos de veículos que usufruem isenções ou reduções tarifárias, com isso, trazendo uma perspectiva e projeção do que poderá afetar o equilíbrio econômico-financeiro.
Corrupção, democracia e mercado: horizontes turvos
Authors: Gesta Leal Rogério
Published: November 2017

Este trabalho parte da premissa de que o enfrentamento da corrupção hoje já não é mais tarefa exclusiva dos poderes públicos instituídos, mas de toda a comunidade e do mercado também, haja vista que estes sofrem impactos violentos em termos de funcionamento e competitividade, assim como os Direitos Fundamentais Individuais e Sociais dos cidadãos são atingidos direta e indiretamente quando há omissões que retroalimentam as redes corruptivas global e localmente. Ocorre que até pouco tempo atrás segmentos importantes do mercado não eram considerados como fomentadores da corrupção, razão pela qual queremos demonstrar alguns efeitos que eles têm provocado neste sentido, em especial na Democracia, e sugerir formas de enfrentamento deste problema.
ЗАШТИТА И УПРАВЉАЊЕ ФАУНОМ ЗАШТИЋЕНОГ ПОДРУЧЈА ЗА УПРАВЉАЊЕ РЕСУРСИМА „УНИВЕРЗИТЕТСКИ ГРАД“ У БАЊОЈ ЛУЦИ
Authors: Сјеничић Јовица , Гашић Бранислав , Ђурић Гордана , Бодружић Сунчица , Хрнчић Сњежана , Пашић Јасмин
Published: November 2017

Стање истражености дивље фауне урбаних и субурбаних подручја Бање Луке прилично јеоскудно, а до сада је најдетаљније истражена орнитофауна. Истраживања фауне кичмењакавршена су од 2012. године у склопу градског језгра Бање Луке, на територији заштићеногподручја за управљање ресурсима „Универзитетски град“ и у његовој ближој околини. У раду јепредстављена регистрована фауна кичмењака (водоземци, гмизавци, птице и сисари)распрострањена на територији заштићеног подручја. Презентовани су квалитативни иквантитативни подаци, дати прегледи врста са међународним статусом угрожености, издвојеневрсте које су значајне са аспекта очувања биодиверзитета на нашем подручју, те посебнопредложен концепт заштите са мјерама активне заштите. Представљени су недостаци удосадашњем истраживању и истакнуте потребе за даљим истраживањима циљних група. Од свихрегистрованих класа, разновршношћу се истичу птице са 61 врстом, затим 16 врста сисара, 8 врстагмизаваца и 4 врсте водоземаца. Разноврсност фауне условљена је разноврсношћу станишта,изворима хране, постојањем склоништа и релативно ниским степеном узнемиравања. Неколикотипичних врста за урбана подручја није забиљежено, али се могу реално очекивати у заштићеномподручју. Управљање фауном кичмењака и активна заштита обухвата низ активности у процесупланирања и извођења радова на изградњи еколошке инфраструктуре те одржавању и коришћењуповршина, објеката и инфраструктуре у заштићеном подручју.
Microbial agents in macroscopically healthy mammary gland tissues of small ruminants
Authors: Spuria Liliana , Biasibetti Elena , Bisanzio Donal , Biasato Ilaria , De Meneghi Daniele , Nebbia Patrizia , Robino Patrizia , Bianco Paolo , Lamberti Michele , Caruso Claudio , Di Blasio Alessia , Peletto Simone , Masoero Loretta , Dondo Alessandro , Capucchio Maria Teresa
Published: November 2017

Background

Health of mammary glands is fundamental for milk and dairy products hygiene and quality, with huge impacts on consumers welfare.

Methods

This study aims to investigate the microbial agents (bacteria, fungi and lentiviruses) isolated from 89 macroscopically healthy udders of regularly slaughtered small ruminants (41 sheep, 48 goats), also correlating their presence with the histological findings. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to evaluate the association between lesions and positivity for different microbial isolates, animal age and bacteria.

Results

Twenty-five samples were microbiologically negative; 138 different bacteria were isolated in 64 positive udders. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most prevalent bacteria isolated (46.42%), followed by environmental opportunists (34.76%), others (10.14%) and pathogens (8.68%). Most mammary glands showed coinfections (75%). Lentiviruses were detected in 39.3% of samples. Histologically, chronic non-suppurative mastitis was observed in 45/89 glands, followed by chronic mixed mastitis (12/89) and acute suppurative mastitis (4/89). Only 28 udders were normal. Histological lesions were significantly associated with the animal species and lentiviruses and coagulase-negative staphylococci infections. Goats had significantly higher risk to show chronic mixed mastitis compared to sheep. Goats showed a significantly lower risk (OR = 0.26; 95% CI [0.06–0.71]) of being infected by environmental opportunists compared to sheep, but higher risk (OR = 10.87; 95% CI [3.69–37.77]) of being infected with lentiviruses.

Discussion

The results of the present study suggest that macroscopically healthy glands of small ruminants could act as a reservoir of microbial agents for susceptible animals, representing a potential risk factor for the widespread of acute or chronic infection in the flock.
DRIP FERTIGATION REGIME FOR POTATO ON SANDY SOIL
Authors: Feng Zhiwen , Wan Shuqin , Kang Yaohu , Liu Shiping
Published: November 2017

To establish the optimum fertilizer rate and propose an appropriate drip fertigation regime for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) on sandy soil, a two-year field experiment comparing different fertigation levels on potato yield, irrigation water productivity (IWP) and partial fertilizer productivity (PFP) was carried out during 2012–2013. The treatments included five fertigation levels: 10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% of the recommended fertilizer dose of 420:105:495 of N:P:K in kg ha–1 year–1 in 2012; and 10%, 35%, 60%, 85% and 110% of the recommended dose of 390:150:465 of N:P:K in kg ha–1 year–1 in 2013. The recommended fertilizer dose was estimated based on the method of nutrient balance for a target yield of 45.0 Mg ha–1. The soil matric potential at 20 cm depth beneath the emitters was controlled above –25 kPa for drip fertigation. Results showed the highest tuber yield was 38.0 Mg ha–1 for 90%NPK in 2012 and 45.8 Mg ha–1 for 60%NPK in 2013, which was significantly higher than that for 10%NPK. The highest IWP was for 70%NPK in 2012 and 60%NPK in 2013. The highest PFP values were 255.5 kg kg−1 in 2012 and 316.4 kg kg−1 in 2013, recorded in the 10%NPK plots and were significantly higher than for other fertigation treatments. High yield levels of potatoes and both high IWP and PFP could be reached by drip fertigation with 72% of the recommended fertilization dose. Compared with the recommended fertilizer dose, the yield and IWP of 72% NPK increased by 5.9% and 4.7%, respectively. It was possible to make average savings in one season alone of 136, 36 and 152 kg ha–1 N, P2O5 and K2O, respectively. In conclusion, drip fertigation with 72% NPK should be considered optimum for potato production on sandy soils. Each fertilizer amount based on irrigation interval was applied with irrigation quota at 5–6 mm when soil matric potential at soil depths of 20 cm immediately under drip emitters reached –25 kPa. Furthermore, drip fertigation was triggered when 10 consecutive days were without fertigation or rainfall in 24 h exceeded 10 mm.
Function and structure relationships of a β‐1,2‐glucooligosaccharide‐degrading β‐glucosidase
Authors: Ishiguro Rikuto , Tanaka Nobukiyo , Abe Koichi , Nakajima Masahiro , Maeda Takuma , Miyanaga Akimasa , Takahashi Yuta , Sugimoto Naohisa , Nakai Hiroyuki , Taguchi Hayao
Published: November 2017

BT_3567 protein, a putative β‐glucosidase from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, exhibits higher activity toward Sop3–5 (Sopn, n: degree of polymerization of β‐1,2‐glucooligosaccharides) than toward Sop2, unlike a known β‐glucosidase from Listeria innocua which predominantly prefers Sop2. In the complex structure determined by soaking of a D286N mutant crystal with Sop4, a Sop3 moiety was observed at subsites −1 to +2. The glucose moiety at subsite +2 forms a hydrogen bond with Asn81, which is replaced with Gly in the L. innocua β‐glucosidase. The Km values of the N81G mutant for Sop3–5 are much higher than those of the wild‐type, suggesting that Asn81 contributes to the binding to substrates longer than Sop3.