bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conscious selection: Critical consciousness informs cultivation of social networks in a living and learning community
Authors: Kornienko Olga , Burson Esther , Young DaSean L. , Godfrey Erin B. , Garner Pamela W.
Published: November 2024

Increased popular discourse about societal inequities highlights the importance of critical consciousness (CC) as a developmental competency for youth. Peer dialogue has been implicit to theories of CC, but we know little about how critical reflection, action, and sociopolitical efficacy inform interpersonal mechanisms through which social networks are selected in developmentally salient contexts. We used social network analysis methods to explore the role of CC components in how late adolescents cultivated their peer affiliation and friendship networks within a specific context of a college living and learning community. Participants (n = 37; 67.6% female; Mage = 18.18 years, 56.81% White) nominated individuals with whom they have positive interactions (437 nominations at wave 1) and friendships (157 nominations at wave 1) at two waves. At wave 1, participants reported on their CC components, frequency of daily inequities, and sociodemographic information. Stochastic actor‐oriented models were used to model how CC at wave 1 predicted how youth selected peer affiliations and friendships. Sociopolitical efficacy was positively associated with popularity in the affiliation network and activity in the friendship network. Critical action was negatively associated with both popularity and activity in the affiliation network and activity in the friendship network. These results provide new insights into how CC informs the ways young people cultivate their social networks in developmentally salient settings. This work highlights the need to better understand the relational implications of CC.
The legacy effects of mycorrhizal fungal inoculation alleviate soil nitrogen limitations by modulating the homeostasis of extracellular enzymes and fungal function in arid mining regions
Authors: Bi Yinli , Zhang Ke , Xiao Li , Wang Dongdong
Published: November 2024

Re‐vegetation types and the application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a crucial role in regulating soil conditions and enhancing vegetation cover during ecological restoration in the northern arid mining area. However, the impact of AMF on the balance of soil–plant–microbial ecosystems through its influence on microbial activities remains unclear. Therefore, we studied the influence of AMF on soil nutrient limitation and the soil fungal community in five different vegetation types in the Daliuta reclamation area. Through the measurement of soil extracellular enzyme activity and the analysis of soil fungal communities by high‐throughput sequencing, we found that the ratio of lnBG:ln(NAG + LAP):lnAP in the AMF sample was closer to 1:1:1, and the soil ecological enzyme stoichiometry was more balanced. The results of enzyme vector showed that AMF inoculation could alleviate the restriction of soil nitrogen nutrients. The results of high‐throughput sequencing showed that AMF improved the diversity of soil fungal community by regulating the composition of soil fungal community, and finally alleviated the nitrogen restriction during decomposition. Functional prediction of soil fungi using FUNGuild indicated that the soil fungi present were mainly saprophytic, saprophytic–symbiotic, and pathotroph–saprophytic–symbiotic trophic types. AMF reduced the percentage of pathotroph fungi and also tended to transform saprophytic into saprophytic–symbiotic type. The findings suggest that mycorrhizal reclamation can enhance the homeostasis of extracellular enzyme dynamics by optimizing fungal community structure and modulating fungal functionality, thereby alleviating microbial nutrient constraints and improving plant adaptability to arid environments. This article provides a theoretical underpinning for eco‐friendly mining construction and sustainable ecological development in arid mining areas.
Can soluble organic fertilizers and/or manure reach the agronomic and environmental performance of synthetic fertilizers in drip‐fertigated crops?
Authors: Salinas Jerónimo , Guardia Guillermo , Monistrol Alba , Iglesias‐Díez Susana M. , García‐Gutiérrez Sandra , Jiménez‐Horcajada Rafael , Espín Gabriela , Vallejo Antonio
Published: November 2024

The substitution of synthetics by organic fertilizers, which is the current pillar of circular economy, has been broadly evaluated. However, varying results were obtained on nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions as well as crop yields. Besides, in irrigated semi‐arid croplands, drip fertigation has been suggested to be an effective practice for mitigating N2O and NO emissions while maintaining or enhancing agronomic performance. However, the promising combination of drip fertigation and organic fertilization remains poorly studied. By setting up melon (Cucumis melo L.) during 2022, and maize (Zea mays L.) during 2023, we aimed to evaluate the effect of different combinations of nitrogen (N) fertilizers: control without N fertilization, 100% of the N rate as solid manure (100OrM), 50% of the N rate as solid manure and 50% as urea (50OrM–50Syn), 50% of the N rate as solid manure and 50% as soluble organic (50OrM–50OrS), 100% of the N rate as urea (100Syn) and 100% of the N rate as soluble organic (100OrS). Urea and soluble organic fertilizers were supplied via drip fertigation. N‐oxides (N2O and NO), methane (CH4) and ecosystem respiration (CO2) fluxes, mineral N (ammonium [NH4+] and nitrate [NO3−]), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and crop parameters were analysed. As regards N2O, no differences were observed between treatments in melon crop, whereas in maize crop, the cumulative emissions were the highest in 100OrM, followed by 50OrM–50Syn. Regarding NO cumulative emissions, in the melon crop were significantly lower in 50OrM–50Syn and 50OrM–50OrS between 34%–54%, compared with 100OrM and 100Syn. In the maize crop, the highest cumulative NO emission was also detected in solid manure treatment. The agronomic response of melon to N fertilization was only detected for total soluble solids (with maximum values in the 100Syn treatment). The combination of solid manure and top‐dressing urea or soluble organic fertilizer prevented the penalties in N use efficiency, which were observed in 100Syn and 100OrS. Therefore, the combination of conventional solid manure at seeding and soluble organic fertilizer at dressing (applied by drip fertigation) was the most sustainable strategy from agronomic and environmental viewpoints in Mediterranean irrigated agroecosystems.
Land use change from rice paddies to upland fields aggravates soil microbial metabolic limitation and reduces soil quality index and ecosystem multifunctionality
Authors: Kang Longfei , Zhang Guoqiao , Wu Jiamei , Zhang Chunfeng , Zhu Baoguo , Hu Baowei , Wakelin Steve A. , Chu Guixin
Published: November 2024

With rapid urbanization and economic development, the area of paddy fields has seriously declined in rice‐producing region. However, the impacts of land use change (LUC) on soil enzymatic stoichiometry, microbial metabolic limitations and ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) have not been well‐documented. Hence, four adjacent paired soil samples were collected in rice‐producing areas. Soil microbial carbon (C), phosphorus (P) and nitrogen metabolic limitations were assessed via vector model. The impacts of LUC on soil structure, microbial activity, quality and multifunctionality were evaluated via soil structure stability index (SSI), soil biological activity (SBA), soil quality index (SQI) and EMF, respectively. Result showed that LUC from rice paddies to upland fields markedly decreased soil structure stability by 19.6%. Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) and nutrient‐acquiring enzymes activities in the paddy soils were significantly higher than that in upland soil. Compared with paddy soil, microbial relative C and P limitations in upland soil were significantly aggravated by 10.9% and 4.2%, respectively. Additionally, variation partitioning and redundancy analyses revealed that soil pH, available P and P‐acquiring enzymes were the crucial edaphic factors affecting microbial metabolic limitations. Comprehensive assessment showed that LUC from rice paddies to upland fields significantly reduced SBA, SQI and EMF by 5.2%, 17.4% and 17.2%, accordingly. Overall, LUC from rice paddies to upland fields significantly destroyed soil structure, aggravated microbial relative C and P limitations and reduced soil quality. Therefore, artificial managements should be strengthened to counteract the adverse effects of LUC on soil quality and EMF. This study deepened our understanding of sustainable development and efficient management of field under LUC condition.
Influence of Overpressured Fluid Expulsion on Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Deep‐Buried Miocene Reservoirs of the Yinggehai Basin, Northwestern South China Sea
Authors: Chen Zengyu , Liu Rui , Tian Jinqiang , Hao Fang , Hu Lin , Hu Gaowei , Zhang Yazhen
Published: November 2024

The overpressure record of the Cenozoic rifting basins in China was recently renewed in the Miocene reservoirs of the Yinggehai Basin, which became an ideal natural laboratory for revealing the hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism under the ultrahigh overpressure setting. Using 3D seismic data, two new fluid expulsion structures were identified in the Yinggehai Basin: layer‐bound faults and pipes. Layer‐bound faults were primarily generated at ~10.5 Ma and subsequently served as vertical channels for hydrocarbon migration. Pipes can be divided into three episodes, generated at ~5.5, ~2.4 and < 1.9 Ma, caused by hydraulic fracturing during focused flow in highly overpressured reservoirs. Pipes generated simultaneously with hydrocarbon charging indicate that the aqueous pressure before hydrocarbon charging did not reach the threshold of hydraulic fracturing and could result in dynamic hydrocarbon accumulation. In contrast, pipes generated before and after hydrocarbon charging increased the unfilling and draining risks of the traps, respectively.
The homeostasis of AtMYB4 is maintained by ARA4, HY5, and CAM7 during Arabidopsis seedling development
Authors: Dutta Siddhartha , Basu Riya , Pal Abhideep , Kunalika M. H. , Chattopadhyay Sudip
Published: November 2024

Calmodulin7 (CAM7) is a key transcription factor of Arabidopsis seedling development. CAM7 works together with HY5 bZIP protein to promote photomorphogenesis at various wavelengths of light. In this study, we show that AtMYB4, identified from a yeast two‐hybrid screen, physically interacts with CAM7 and works as a positive regulator of photomorphogenesis at various wavelengths of light. CAM7 and HY5 directly bind to the promoter of AtMYB4 to promote its expression for photomorphogenic growth. On the other hand, ARA4, identified from the same yeast two‐hybrid screen, works as a negative regulator of photomorphogenic growth specifically in white light. The double mutant analysis reveals that the altered hypocotyl elongation of atmyb4 and ara4 is either partly or completely suppressed by additional loss of function of CAM7. Furthermore, ARA4 genetically interacts with AtMYB4 in an antagonistic manner to suppress the elongated hypocotyl phenotype of atmyb4. The transactivation studies reveal that while CAM7 activates the promoter of AtMYB4 in association with HY5, ARA4 negatively regulates AtMYB4 expression. Taken together, these results demonstrate that working as a negative regulator of photomorphogenesis, ARA4 plays a balancing act on CAM7 and HY5‐mediated regulation of AtMYB4.
Global impacts of peroxisome and pexophagy dysfunction revealed through multi‐omics analyses of lon2 and atg2 mutants
Authors: Muhammad DurreShahwar , Clark Natalie M. , Tharp Nathan E. , Chatt Elizabeth C. , Vierstra Richard D. , Bartel Bonnie
Published: November 2024

Peroxisomes house diverse metabolic pathways that are essential for plant and animal survival, including enzymes that produce or inactivate toxic byproducts. Despite the importance of peroxisomes and their collaborations with other organelles, the mechanisms that trigger or prevent peroxisome turnover and the cellular impacts of impaired peroxisomes are incompletely understood. When Arabidopsis thaliana LON2, a peroxisomal protein with chaperone and protease capacity, is disrupted, metabolic dysfunction and protein instability in peroxisomes ensue. Paradoxically, preventing autophagy in lon2 mutants appears to normalize peroxisomal metabolism and stabilize peroxisomal proteins—hinting at a role for autophagy in causing the peroxisomal defects observed in lon2 seedlings. Using a combination of transcriptomics, proteomics, and in silico investigations, we compared wild type to lon2 and autophagy null mutants and double mutants. Through this analysis, we found that impeding autophagy via an atg2 null mutation alleviated several of the global defects observed when LON2 is absent. Moreover, we revealed processes influenced by LON2 that are independent of autophagy, including impacts on lipid droplet and chloroplast protein levels. Finally, we identified and classified potential LON2 substrates, which include proteins that might provide signal(s) for pexophagy.
TRX h2–PP2AC2 module serves as a convergence node for aluminum stress and leaf senescence signals, regulating cell death via ABA‐mediated ROS pathway
Authors: Li Xia , Su Guijun , Pan Chunliu , Zhan Jie , Wang Aiqin , Han Zhuqiang , Xiao Dong , He Longfei
Published: November 2024

ROS/redox signaling plays an important role in the regulation of signal transduction and acclimation pathways activated by multiple abiotic stresses and leaf senescence. However, the regulatory events that produce ROS under different stimuli are far from clear. Here, we report the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of an h type thioredoxin, AhTRX h2, positively regulates Al sensitivity and leaf senescence by promoting ROS. AhTRX h2 transcript levels increased greatly during both natural senescence and Al stress condition in peanut. Ectopic expression of AhTRX h2 in Arabidopsis conferred Al sensitivity as well as premature leaf senescence, manifested by multiple indices, including inhibiting root elongation, severe cell death, and accelerated expression of MC1 and CEX17. AhTRX h2 exhibited similar functions to AtTRX h2, as AhTRX h2 was able to restore the phenotypes of the AtTRX h2 defective mutant (trxh2‐4) which showed Al tolerant and late senescence phenotypes. The knock down of AhTRX h2 markedly suppressed Al‐ and senescence‐induced cell death in peanut. AhTRX h2 could recruit catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2AC2) to form a stable complex. The interaction between AhTRX h2 and AtPP2AC2, as well as AhPP2AC2 and AtTRX h2 was also proved. Overexpression of AhPP2AC2 significantly enhanced Al sensitivity and leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. Protein stability assay revealed that AhTRX h2 was more stable during aging or aluminum stress. Moreover, PP2AC2 could greatly enhance the stability of AhTRX h2 in vivo. Consistent with these observations, overexpression of AhPP2AC2 effectively enhanced AhTRX h2‐induced Al sensitivity and precocious leaf senescence. AhTRX h2 and AhPP2AC2 required ABA and ROS in response to cell death under Al stress and senescence, and it was evidence to suggest that ABA acted upstream of ROS in this process. Together, AhTRX h2 and AhPP2AC2 constitute a stable complex that promotes the accumulation of ABA and ROS, effectively regulate cell death. These findings suggest that TRX h2‐PP2AC2‐mediated pathway may be a widespread mechanism in regulating Al stress and leaf senescence.
Mixed Lp$L^p$ estimates for transforms of noncommutative martingales
Authors: Osękowski Adam
Published: November 2024

Let . The paper is devoted to the study of estimates for transforms of noncommutative martingales, under the assumption that the transforming sequence takes values in , . This goes beyond the usual context of and studied so far in the literature. The obtained constants are of optimal order at the endpoints, in addition the approach allows to obtain sharp values in the range . The proof rests on real interpolation‐type arguments for martingale transforms, which are of independent interest.
Different Stories for Different People - Engagement with the Archaeology of HS2 Area North
Authors:   WSP Ltd, Nicholls Mary , Bramall Natasha ,   Wessex Archaeology
Published: November 2024

The UK high-speed railway High Speed Two (HS2) will link London and the Midlands following the route of the 19th-century London and Birmingham Railway. After years of work, including the largest programme of historic environment investigation in the UK across a swathe of the landscape over a number of years, the construction stage is now in progress. The lead document for the delivery of the historic environment works is HS2's generic Written Scheme of Investigation, the Historic Environment Research and Delivery Strategy (HERDS). One of the central principles of HERDS is to derive public benefit from the historic environment works, by meeting community engagement objectives and building a legacy of knowledge and skills. This article was delivered as a paper at the European Association of Archaeologists' (EAA) conference in 2023, themed 'Weaving narratives', in an HS2 session entitled 'Different stories for different people'. It discusses some of the principles of audience and narrative development that can be transferred to other archaeological projects from the discoveries in the Midlands (HS2 Area North). Three steps are highlighted. Firstly, engage with and listen to stakeholders and community representatives early in the project lifespan, using professional expertise. Secondly, assimilate key themes and local issues, create partnerships, and identify heritage champions to support the design of activities. Thirdly, work together to deliver a range of events and activities tailored to a variety of audiences using bespoke platforms and styles. Adopting this approach, and having clearer mechanisms for measuring and evaluating the benefit of the outcomes, demonstrates worth and benefits the sector. For project legacy, the goal is to use the stories to transfer skills, information, good practice and ownership.
Aerodynamic Performance Evaluation of Subsonic Compressor Cascade Blade With Leading-Edge Damage
Authors: Zhang Haideng , Wu Yun , Long Yuhan
Published: November 2024

Material loss at the leading edge of in-service gas-turbine engine blades is detrimental to the aerodynamic performances of compressors. In this study, computational simulations and experiments using pneumatic probes were conducted to measure the total pressure loss of compressor cascade blades with material loss at their leading edges. The correlations between blade leading-edge damage geometries and cascade blade total pressure losses were analyzed. The geometrical features of blade leading-edge damage that most affect the cascade blade total pressure loss were distinguished, and the influences of leading-edge damage region cross-sectional shapes on the cascade blade total pressure loss were examined. Two methods for evaluating the total pressure loss of damaged cascade blades were developed using experimental and numerical data. In the first method, an attempt is made to correlate the cascade blade total pressure loss with a characteristic parameter that is defined using scale and angle parameters of the leading-edge damage region. The second method is based on the probability distribution function as well as the critical loss boundary of the geometrical parameters of the leading-edge damage region. The results of this study provide a better understanding of the influence of damaged leading edges on compressor cascade blade aerodynamic performance and can help establish low-cost methods for the estimation of compressor performance degradation.
Application of Machine Learning Techniques in Calibration and Data Reduction of Multihole Probes
Authors: Mirhashemi Arman , Juangphanich Paht , Miki Kenji
Published: November 2024

This work presents procedures for implementing machine learning methods into existing algorithms for multihole probe calibration and data reduction. It demonstrates that using artificial neural networks (ANNs) can decrease the amount of calibration data needed to achieve a specific calibration uncertainty by over 50%, while also significantly reducing data reduction times. Instead of surface fitting methods, ANNs are employed. Initially, directional calibration coefficients related to flow angles are computed based on pressure measurements, and then these flow angles serve as input parameters for subsequent ANNs to iteratively define Mach number, static pressure, and total pressure. In an alternative approach, new calibration coefficients directly relate pressure measurements from the five-hole probe to the quantities of interest, thereby eliminating the need for iterative algorithms used in conventional surface fitting methods. This method offers several advantages: an average increase of less than 1% in calibration uncertainty for flow angles and a significant reduction in data reduction times to a few seconds on average. Additionally, the methodology is confirmed to avoid both overfitting and underfitting.
Targeting Full-Hydrogen Operation on Industrial-Scale Gas Turbines: Impact of Unconventional Fuels on Turbine Module Performance and Aeromechanics
Authors: Bandini Alberto , Bettini Claudio , Peruzzi Lorenzo , Carretta Mauro , Canelli Claudio , Marconcini Michele , Pinelli Lorenzo , Arnone Andrea
Published: November 2024

With the trend to full decarbonization, a full hydrogen economy development is a key industrial objective. Gas turbines, currently one of the cleanest fossil fuel-based power generation solutions, provide reliable and on-demand power. The introduction of hydrogen into the fuel mix of existing gas turbines represents a solution with great potential to provide low-carbon or even carbon-free energy. High-hydrogen content fuels, however, challenge the efficient operation of the gas turbine expander, as crucial aspects such as increased flow rate, different gas properties and temperature operating range may affect performance and structural integrity. To evaluate the impact of this conversion, a numerical investigation of five cases with increasing percentages of hydrogen in the fuel was carried out for an industrial four stages gas turbine module. The variation of turbine inlet temperature distribution from combustion chamber was considered, to assess the impact of the unconventional fuel on the well-known aeromechanical behavior of the last stage blades. Variations in capacity, efficiency, power and potential limits due to aeroelasticity were evaluated, identifying the most relevant differences with respect to the full methane case. All these analyses confirm the possibility to employ high-hydrogen fuel operation in a current gas turbine without the need of a further redesign, while maintaining acceptable performance levels.
Enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in W/Co/Pt films by nitrogen doping in the W layer
Authors: Zhu Zeyi , Zhou Jie , Long Hehai , Wang Xiaomeng , Li Songtian , Ma Zhi , Ma Li , Zheng Fu
Published: November 2024

The modulation of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in films has been the subject of considerable research interest, as it is proposed to be a key component for the design and realization of efficient magnetic switching in spintronic devices. In this study, we report the appearance of PMA in the as-deposited WNx/Co/Pt films without annealing. The strength of the PMA is quantified by means of effective magnetic anisotropy constant Keff, which is correlated with the N2 gas/Ar gas flow rate ratio PN2. The highest Keff value, 1.347 × 106 erg/cm3, is obtained for the sample deposited with PN2 of 40%. This phenomenon can be explained in two ways. On the one hand, the results of the experiment demonstrate that appropriate nitrogen doping can facilitate the formation of an ideal nitrided state at the WNx/Co interface, while simultaneously reducing the roughness of the WNx/Co interface, which, in turn, enhances the PMA of the WNx/Co/Pt films. On the other hand, the first-principles calculations indicate that the enhancement of PMA can be attributed to the modification of orbital hybridization at the Co/Pt interface by WNx. This innovative approach has the potential to advance the development of high-performance magnetic random-access memory devices.
Research-Grade Accelerometers to Assess Intervention Effectiveness and Commercial Wearables as a Self-Monitoring Tool: Are the Two Aligned on Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity?
Authors: Maylor Benjamin D. , Rowlands Alex V. , Daley Amanda , Sanders James P. , Yates Tom , Edwardson Charlotte L.
Published: November 2024

There is limited evidence about how comparable commercial monitors and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) cut-points frequently used with research-grade accelerometers are in estimating time spent in MVPA when both are worn on the wrist. We used data from 14 adults (57.3 years) who concurrently wore Fitbit (Versa 2) and Axivity (AX3) monitors to assess comparability between the Fitbit and Axivity data, aggregated to 5-s and 60-s epochs, for time spent in daily MVPA and MVPA in bouts of ≥1 – <2 min, ≥2 – <5 min, and ≥5 min. The Fitbit provided higher estimates of total daily MVPA (93.8 ± 66.3 min/day) compared with Axivity-assessed MVPA derived from either 5-s (59.2 ± 37.3 min/day) or 60-s (47.4 ± 36.2 min/day) epochs. The number and duration of MVPA bouts were also higher from Fitbit compared with Axivity (5-s and 60-s epochs). Intraclass correlation coefficients showed moderate to good reliability between MVPA assessed by the Fitbit and Axivity devices (5 s and 60 s). Bland–Altman analysis suggested proportional bias between the Fitbit and Axivity outcomes with wide limits of agreement. No MVPA outcomes were within the 10% equivalency zone. Researchers utilizing the Fitbit as a self-monitoring tool within an intervention should be aware of the potential misalignment with the research-grade accelerometer used to evaluate intervention effectiveness. Feedback from a Fitbit may inform participants they have achieved the required MVPA, while outcomes from the research-grade device may classify them as not meeting their target.
Nomenclature for human and animal fungal pathogens and diseases: a proposal for standardized terminology
Authors: de Hoog Sybren , Walsh Thomas J. , Ahmed Sarah A. , Alastruey-Izquierdo Ana , Arendrup Maiken Cavling , Borman Andrew , Chen Sharon , Chowdhary Anuradha , Colgrove Robert C. , Cornely Oliver A. , Denning David W. , Dufresne Philippe J. , Filkins Laura , Gangneux Jean-Pierre , Gené Josepa , Groll Andreas H. , Guillot Jaques , Haase Gerhard , Halliday Catriona , Hawksworth David L. , Hay Roderick , Hoenigl Martin , Hubka Vit , Jagielski Tomasz , Kandemir Hazal , Kidd Sarah E. , Kus Julianne V. , Kwon-Chung June , Lockhart Shawn R. , Meis Jacques F. , Mendoza Leonel , Meyer Wieland , Nguyen M. Hong , Song Yinggai , Sorrell Tania C. , Stielow J. Benjamin , Vilela Rachel , Vitale Roxana G. , Wengenack Nancy L. , White P. Lewis , Ostrosky-Zeichner Luis , Zhang Sean X. ,   on behalf of the ISHAM/ECMM/FDLC Working Group Nomenclature of Clinical Fungi
Published: November 2024

Medically important pathogenic fungi invade vertebrate tissue and are considered primary when part of their nature life cycle is associated with an animal host and are usually able to infect immunocompetent hosts. Opportunistic fungal pathogens complete their life cycle in environmental habitats or occur as commensals within or on the vertebrate body, but under certain conditions can thrive upon infecting humans. The extent of host damage in opportunistic infections largely depends on the portal and modality of entry as well as on the host’s immune and metabolic status. Diseases caused by primary pathogens and common opportunists, causing the top approximately 80% of fungal diseases [D. W. Denning, Lancet Infect Dis, 24:e428–e438, 2024,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00692-8
], tend to follow a predictive pattern, while those by occasional opportunists are more variable. For this reason, it is recommended that diseases caused by primary pathogens and the common opportunists are named after the etiologic agent, for example, histoplasmosis and aspergillosis, while this should not be done for occasional opportunists that should be named as [causative fungus] [clinical syndrome], for example,
Alternaria alternata
cutaneous infection. The addition of a descriptor that identifies the location or clinical type of infection is required, as the general name alone may cover widely different clinical syndromes, for example, “rhinocerebral mucormycosis.” A list of major recommended human and animal disease entities (nomenclature) is provided in alignment with their causative agents. Fungal disease names may encompass several genera of etiologic agents, consequently being less susceptible to taxonomic changes of the causative species, for example, mucormycosis covers numerous mucormycetous molds.
A model of proximate protection against pathogenic infection through shared immunity
Authors: Nixon Douglas F. , Kyza-Karavioti Margarita , Mallick Sreeradha , Daley Lillia , Hupert Nathaniel , Bachtel Nathaniel D. , Eleftherianos Ioannis
Published: November 2024

Drosophila melanogaster
exhibits innate immune priming, a mechanism leading to protection upon repeated challenge with a given pathogen. However, whether immunological priming can be propagated from a challenged host to naive bystanders is unknown. Here, we show that priming half a vial of
D. melanogaster
adult flies with non-pathogenic
Escherichia coli
bacteria leads to protection of the whole vial from a lethal dose of the insect pathogen,
Photorhabdus luminescens
. The protective effect observed in these bystander flies was similar in magnitude to that of the
E. coli
primed hosts themselves but did not require transfer of
E. coli
to occur. This work broadens the scope of how immunological priming can occur and suggests that infected hosts can produce signals that influence immunity in their neighbors, leading to a shared immune collective.

IMPORTANCE

Here, we have introduced the new concept of shared immunity and priming by proximity. These findings are of particular significance because they indicate that the presence of compromised hosts can increase the response to the pathogenic challenge of healthy individuals that cohabitate within close distance. This shared immunity may involve proximate boosting of the host’s immune defenses via the sensing of specific chemical, behavioral, or microbial signals. Determining the breadth, mechanistic basis, and translatability of these findings has the potential to transform biomedical research and public health.
Activities of Energy and Carbohydrate Metabolism Enzymes in Rainbow Trout Оncorhynchus mykiss Walb. upon Introduction of 24-hour Lighting in Aquaculture in Southern Russia
Authors: Rodin M. A. , Kuznetsova M. V. , Krupnova M. Yu. , Kuritsyn A. E. , Nemova N. N.
Published: November 2024

Activities of energy and carbohydrate metabolism enzymes (cytochrome c oxidase (COX), pyruvate kinase (PK), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glycerol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase (G1PDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aldolase) were studied in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Walb. fish grown in aquaculture in North Ossetia–Alania after introducing a regime with 24-h lighting and night feeding. COX and PK activities in the liver of fish from the experimental group were found to be significantly higher than in control fish, indicating an increase in aerobic ATP synthesis. Aldolase activity in organs of fish grown with 24-h lighting was lower than in the control fish, indicating a decrease in carbohydrate utilization in glycolysis in muscles and a lower intensity of gluconeogenesis in the liver. The differences made it possible to assume that the introduction of 24-h lighting and night feeding changed energy and carbohydrate metabolism to facilitate biosynthetic processes and, therefore, weight gain in fish.
One-to-one Disjoint-path Covers of Leaf-sort Graphs
Authors: Wang Shiying , Wang Huanhuan , Zhao Lina , Feng Wei
Published: November 2024

Parallel paths of interconnection networks have attracted much attention in parallel computing systems, they are studied in terms of disjoint paths in an undirected graph [Formula: see text]. A [Formula: see text]-disjoint path cover (k-DPC for short) of a graph [Formula: see text] is a set of [Formula: see text] (internally) disjoint paths that altogether cover every vertice of the graph. A bipartite graph [Formula: see text] is one-to-one bi-k-DPC if there is a k-DPC between any pair of vertices in different partite sets. A bipartite graph is hamiltonian laceable if there exists a hamiltonian path between any pair of vertices in different partite sets. The [Formula: see text]-dimensional leaf-sort graph [Formula: see text] has many good properties, including bipartite, symmetry, vertex-transitive. In this paper, we prove that [Formula: see text] has one-to-one bi-[Formula: see text]-DPC between any two vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] in different partite sets, and [Formula: see text] is hamiltonian laceable.
Orbit-finite Linear Programming
Authors: Ghosh Arka , Hofman Piotr , Lasota Sławomir
Published: November 2024

An infinite set is orbit-finite if, up to permutations of atoms, it has only finitely many elements. We study a generalisation of linear programming where constraints are expressed by an orbit-finite system of linear inequalities. As our principal contribution we provide a decision procedure for checking if such a system has a real solution, and for computing the minimal/maximal value of a linear objective function over the solution set. We also show undecidability of these problems in case when only integer solutions are considered. Therefore orbit-finite linear programming is decidable, while orbit-finite integer linear programming is not.
Scene Representations for Robotic Spatial Perception
Authors: Mascaro Ruben , Chli Margarita
Published: November 2024

The ability of a robot to build a persistent, accurate, and actionable model of its surroundings through sensor data in a timely manner is crucial for autonomous operation. While representing the world as a point cloud might be sufficient for localization, denser scene representations are required for obstacle avoidance. On the other hand, higher-level semantic information is often crucial for breaking down the necessary steps to autonomously complete a complex task, such as cooking. So the looming question is, What is a suitable scene representation for the robotic task at hand? This survey provides a comprehensive review of key approaches and frameworks driving progress in the field of robotic spatial perception, with a particular focus on the historical evolution and current trends in representation. By categorizing scene modeling techniques into three main types—metric, metric–semantic, and metric–semantic–topological—we discuss how spatial perception frameworks are transitioning from building purely geometric models of the world to more advanced data structures incorporating higher-level concepts, such as the notion of object instances and places. Special emphasis is placed on approaches for real-time simultaneous localization and mapping, their integration with deep learning for enhanced robustness and scene understanding, and their ability to handle scene dynamicity as some of the hottest topics of interest driving robotics research today. We conclude with a discussion of ongoing challenges and future research directions in the quest to develop robust and scalable spatial perception systems suitable for long-term autonomy.
Development of 6 Degrees of Freedom Parallel‐Link Shaking Table for Three‐Dimensional Movement on Centrifugal Loading Device
Authors: Hosoda Ryo , Okada Tetsuji , Nakamura Kunihiko , Omura Tsuyoshi , Matsumoto Kento , Matsuda Hiroki , Okamoto Mineki , Tagawa Yasutaka
Published: November 2024

In experimental studies in geotechnical engineering, vibration with three degrees of freedom (DOFs), similar to that in an actual earthquake, needs to be reproduced in a centrifugal field. However, a suitable shaking table has not been developed. A general multi‐DOF shaking table requires a complicated mechanism and a large installation space and is unsuitable for centrifugal fields. In this paper, the world’s first shaking table capable of three‐dimensional motion in a centrifugal field was developed. The mechanical and control system requirements were defined, and the use of a Stewart platform mechanism consisting of six direct‐acting hydraulic cylinders was proposed. An air spring was installed to offset the centrifugal force on the inertial mass, and a pressurized spherical bearing was used to withstand the excitation force of the actuator while maintaining more than two DOFs for the bearing. The shaking table could operate up to a maximum of 50 G and generate a maximum of 10 G in a single axis.
Estimation of Annual and Seasonal Groundwater Recharge by Using Wetspass‐M and Chloride Mass‐Balance Methods, Upper Bilate Catchment, Rifty Valley Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Bekele Senait Mulugeta , Geremew Getachew Bereta , Ayele Elias Gebeyehu
Published: November 2024

It is difficult to estimate groundwater recharge (GWR) since it cannot be measured directly. Numerous physical and empirical models may be used to calculate the components of the groundwater (GW) balance of a given basin. This study’s goal is to compute the annual and seasonal GWR rates in the upper Bilate catchment using the chloride mass‐balance (CMB) approach and water and energy transfer between soil, plants, and atmosphere under the quasi‐steady state (WetSpass)‐modular three‐dimensional finite‐difference groundwater flow model (MODFLOW). Grid maps were prepared as the input data for the model, and to reflect the catchment condition, the parameter attribute tables were arranged. The water balance (WB)’s constituents for each season and year were simulated by the WetSpass‐M model. As well, the CMB technique was applied; the samples were obtained from wells and around rain gauges of the study area, tested in the Arba Minch University water quality laboratory, and then chloride concentrations were evaluated. The recharge was calculated using the precipitation‐weighted average chlorine content in the rainfall and GW. The mean annual GWR values calculated by using WetSpass‐M and CMB were 157.6 and 147.69 mm, respectively, representing 12.7% and 11.91% of the mean precipitation received in the catchment, respectively. WetSpass‐M, the seasonal average recharge values in winter, spring, summer, and autumn were 29.39, 58.87, 1.92, and 56.28 mm; from the total annual recharge, 2.38%, 4.9%, 0.17%, and 4.55% occurred, respectively. CMB, during the dry and wet seasons are 24.08 and 52.16 mm/year, respectively. This result showed that the recharge estimated by the WetSpass‐M model was slightly higher as compared to the CMB method, and both were in a comparable range and both models are with good performance.
Lipid Accumulation Product as a Predictor of Prediabetes and Diabetes: Insights From NHANES Data (1999–2018)
Authors: Wang Yan , Wang Xiaolan , Zeng Ling
Published: November 2024

Background: The study investigates the association between lipid accumulation product (LAP) and the risk of prediabetes and diabetes. LAP, a measure indicating lipid overaccumulation, is hypothesized to be a significant predictor for these conditions. This research utilizes data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 1999 and 2018.

Methods: The study followed a structured methodology, starting with data extraction from the NHANES database. Participants’ eligibility was determined based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in a final sample size of 24,121 individuals. LAP was calculated using established formulas for men and women. The diagnosis of prediabetes and diabetes was based on standard medical criteria, including HbA1c levels, fasting plasma glucose, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results. Covariates like demographic variables, lifestyle factors, and other health indicators were also considered. Statistical analysis involved categorizing LAP into quartiles and employing logistic regression models to examine the relationship between LAP and the risk of prediabetes and diabetes.

Results: Participants in the highest LAP quartile exhibited distinct characteristics: older age, lower education levels, more former smokers and drinkers, higher blood pressure and cholesterol levels, and greater use of medications. A positive association was observed between LAP and the incidence of prediabetes and diabetes across all models. Specifically, each 10‐unit increase in LAP was linked to a 22% increase in risk. Nonlinear relationships were also explored, revealing an inflection point in the risk correlation at an LAP value of 68.1.

Conclusion: The study concludes that LAP is a significant predictor of prediabetes and diabetes risk, with higher LAP levels correlating with increased risk. This finding underscores the potential of LAP as a useful marker in identifying individuals at higher risk for these conditions. It also highlights the importance of considering LAP in preventive health strategies.
Research on Surrounding Rock Deformation and Mining Field Stress Distribution during Gob‐Side Entry Retaining by Roof Cutting and Pressure Releasing in the Inclined Thick Coal Seam
Authors: Sun Man , Ye Kengkeng , Guo Pengfei , Jin Zhupeng , Sun Yan , Liang Hongda
Published: November 2024

In recent years, the technology of the gob‐side entry retaining by roof cutting and pressure releasing (GERRC) has been widely used in coal mining. However, the stability of the roadway surrounding rock structure during GERRC in the coal seam with high dip angles is a major concern, limiting the widespread application of this technology. In this study, we analyzed the deformation and stress evolution of roadway surrounding rock during GERRC in the 011810‐working face of Jinfeng Coal Mine using theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The results show that in coal seams with high dip angles, the gangue in the gob will slide down the lower trough, providing enough support for the upper rock layer and limiting rotation deformation along the gob‐side entry roof during GERRC. This weakens the impact of mining pressure on the roadway and promotes the stability of the surrounding rock structure. However, the stress in the coal of the lower roadway in the advanced influence area is the largest, reaching 16.3 MPa due to the influence of buried depth. The stress of the surrounding rock of the gob‐side entry tends to be stable at 110 m behind the working face in the lower roadways. There is also an obvious pressure relief zone in the coal in front of the working face, 10 m away from the cutting line, during GERRC. Its maximum stress is only 61.3% of the advanced coal and 10.0 MPa, indicating that the pressure relief effect of the roof cutting on the inclined coal seam is significant.
Effect of Sowing Date and Bean Cultivars (Ghaffar, Talash, and Sadri) on the Damage by Pod Borer (Helicoverpa armigera) in Agronomic Conditions of Iran
Authors: Ashtari Sedighe , Shafaghi Fatemeh , Ghadiri Adel
Published: November 2024

Legumes, particularly beans, are a crucial human food source, second only to grains. However, the presence of bean pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), poses a significant threat to beans, causing quantitative and qualitative damage each year. To evaluate the effect of sowing date and cultivar on bean pod borer damage in Markazi Province, Iran. A split plot experiment design based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and nine treatments was conducted over two crop years (2020‐2021 and 2021‐2022). The main plot had three sowing dates: 15 days earlier than the conventional date (early sowing), the conventional date, and 15 days later than the conventional date (late sowing). The subplot focused on three pinto bean cultivars: “Ghaffar,” “Talash,” and, “Sadri.” General, “Sadri” showed the highest mean of the number of larvae in per plant (0.46–0.53) and infection rate, while “Ghaffar” had the lowest mean of number of larvae (0.24–0.30) in both years. The mean of damaged pods was highest (0.42–0.61) in “Sadri” for both years, but lowest in “Ghaffar” (0.27–0.3) for both years. Similarly, the mean of the highest (4.08–4.96) and the lowest (1.54–1.79) damage percentages were observed in “Sadri” and “Ghaffar,” respectively, in both years. “Sadri” had the highest mean number of damaged grains (0.58–0.61) in both years, with “Talash” having the lowest (0.30) in the first year and “Ghaffar” (0.30) in the second year. Moreover, despite the higher pest population and damage, early sowing (May 20) resulted in higher yields in both years. The highest yield was associated to early‐sown “Ghaffar” plants whose yield was 3581.00 ± 225.43 kg/ha in the first year and 3571.0 ± 223.40 kg/ha in the second year. Thus, since “Ghaffar” is more pest‐tolerant, it can be recommended for cultivation in infested areas.
Influence of the Residual Mature Qu’s Bacterial Community Structure on Box Wheat Qu–Making Process for Shaoxing Rice Wine (Huangjiu)
Authors: Ge Songtao , Lyu Linzheng , Sun Guochang , Shou Quanhong , Kong Lingniao , Wei Taoying , Mao Qingzhong , Sha Ruyi , Mao Jianwei , Li Zhanming
Published: November 2024

In this study, we aimed to use high‐throughput sequencing technology to systematically analyze the bacterial community structure during the box wheat Qu–making process to understand the succession of bacterial communities. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which mature Qu, raw materials, and the complete fermentation process of the box wheat Qu were analyzed. Significant differences in the distribution and abundance of the dominant bacteria were observed among these samples. Bacterial diversity was lowest in residual mature Qu, gradually increasing after moistening and fermentation and declining after reaching its peak on the fourth day. The predominant bacteria observed in residual mature Qu were Saccharopolyspora (81.64%), Weissella (3.39%), and Staphylococcus (3.06%). The most abundant bacteria in the moistened material were Pantoea (48.50%), Staphylococcus (12.10%), and Saccharopolyspora (11.61%). However, a rapid decline in Pantoea and Staphylococcus in box wheat Qu was observed on the first day of fermentation. Following fermentation, the most abundant bacteria were Saccharopolyspora (68.85%), Bacillus (19.94%), and Thermoactinomyces (4.70%). Nonmetric multidimensional scale and linear discriminant analysis effect size analyses revealed a significant difference in the bacterial community structure between the raw materials and samples obtained at the end of fermentation. These findings underscore the significant effect of the bacterial community structure of residual mature Qu on box wheat Qu.