bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Australian recommendations on tapering of biologic and targeted synthetic disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs in inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Whittle Samuel L. , Glennon Vanessa , Johnston Renea V. , Avery Jodie C. , Bell J. Simon , Brennan Sue E. , Fong Christopher , Hissaria Pravin , Horgan Ben , O'Neill Sean , Pisaniello Huai Leng , Trevena Lyndal , Whittaker Glen A. , Wluka Anita , Buchbinder Rachelle
Published: May 2022

Biological and targeted synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARD) have been an important advance in the management of inflammatory arthritis, but are expensive medications, carry a risk of infection and other adverse effects, and are often perceived as a burden by patients. We used GRADE methodology to develop recommendations for dose reduction and discontinuation of b/tsDMARD in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) who have achieved a low disease activity state or remission. The recommendations form part of the Australian Living Guideline for the Pharmacological Management of Inflammatory Arthritis, an NHMRC‐endorsed ‘living’ guideline, in which recommendations are updated in near real‐time as new evidence emerges. Conditional recommendations were made in favour of dose reduction in RA and AxSpA but not in PsA. Abrupt discontinuation of b/tsDMARD is not recommended in any of the three diseases.
Association between vitamin D deficiency and diabetic foot ulcer wound in diabetic subjects: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Lin Juan , Mo Xinxin , Yang Yejun , Tang Chao , Chen Jia
Published: May 2022

A meta‐analysis was performed to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiency and diabetic foot ulcer wounds in diabetic subjects. A systematic literature search up to March 2022 incorporated 7586 subjects with diabetes mellitus at the beginning of the study; 1565 were using diabetic subjects with foot ulcer wounds, and 6021 were non‐ulcerated diabetic subjects. Statistical tools like the dichotomous and contentious method were used within a random or fixed‐influence model to establish the odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the influence of vitamin D deficiency in managing diabetic foot ulcer wound. Diabetic subjects with foot ulcer wounds had significantly lower vitamin D levels (MD, −6.48; 95% CI, −10.84 to −2.11, P < .004), higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmoL/L) (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.32‐2.52, P < .001), and higher prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.65‐3.89, P < .001) compared with non‐ulcerated diabetic subjects. Diabetic subjects with foot ulcer wounds had significantly lower vitamin D levels, higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, and higher prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency compared with non‐ulcerated diabetic subjects. Further studies are required to validate these findings.
Abnormal grain growth in DC flash sintered 3‐mol% yttria‐stabilized zirconia ceramics
Authors: Prajzler Vladimír , Maca Karel , Šťastný Přemysl , Todd Richard I.
Published: May 2022

The origin of nonuniform microstructure and abnormal grain growth (AGG) was investigated in flash sintered 3 mol% yttria‐stabilized zirconia (3YSZ) ceramics. The microstructural homogeneity decreased with increasing direct current (DC) density and with dwell time in a flash state, eventually resulting in AGG in the specimen core, the first observation of AGG in 3YSZ. Abnormal grains up to 100 μm in size emerged when the DC density was ≥160 mA/mm2, and the specimen's density exceeded 99% of theoretical, starting from the cathode and propagating toward the anode. The results are discussed by comparison with established mechanisms and previous experimental evidence concerning AGG in oxides, focusing on the possible effects of the electrochemical reduction at the cathode end of the specimen.
Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of novel antimicrobial peptide DP7 against the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Jiang Si-Jing , Xiao Xun , Zheng Jiajun , Lai Shuang , Yang Li , Li Jing , Liu Chang , Yang Yiling , Mu Yangdong
Published: May 2022

Aims

Accumulating evidence suggests that Porphyromonas gingivalis is closely associated with the development of various chronic inflammatory diseases, particularly periodontitis. This study investigated the antibacterial activity and action mechanism of a novel antimicrobial peptide (AMP), DP7, against P. gingivalis.

Methods and Results

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for DP7 were determined via a broth microdilution method, revealing an MIC of 8 μg ml−1 and MBC of 32 μg ml−1. Growth inhibition and killing assays confirmed the bactericidal effect of DP7, and treatment with DP7 at MBC eliminated P. gingivalis within 8 h. DP7 had a low cytotoxic effect against human cells. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that DP7 destroyed the bacterial membrane, and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed its inhibitory effect on P. gingivalis biofilms. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed DP7-mediated inhibition of several virulence factor genes, partially explaining its antibacterial mechanism.

Conclusions

DP7, a novel AMP with low mammalian cytotoxicity, inhibits both planktonic and biofilm forms of P. gingivalis by destroying the bacterial membrane and reducing virulence factor gene expression.

Significance and Impact of the Study

DP7 has potential clinical application in the prevention and treatment of P. gingivalis-associated diseases.
Association between gestational visit‐to‐visit blood pressure variability and adverse neonatal outcomes
Authors: Gu Yingjie , Shi Haofan , Zeng Weijian , Zheng Yulong , Yang Mengnan , Sun Mengru , Shi Hong , Gu Wei
Published: May 2022

The authors aimed to explore the association between visit‐to‐visit blood pressure variability (BPV) in pregnant women and adverse neonatal outcomes. The study included 52 891 pregnant women. BPV was calculated as standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV) of systolic blood pressure (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP). All participants were divided into four groups by the quartiles of BPV. When comparing the highest quartiles to the lowest quartiles of DBP SD in all participants, the fully adjusted ORs were 1.19 (95% CI 1.11–1.27, p for trend < .001) for fetal distress, 1.32 (95% CI 1.14–1.54, p for trend < .001) for small for gestational age, 1.32 (95% CI 1.06–1.63, p for trend = .003) for 1‐min Apgar score ≤ 7. When comparing the highest quartiles to the lowest quartiles of DBP CV, ORs were 1.22 (95% CI 1.14–1.30, p for trend < .001) for fetal distress, 1.38 (95% CI 1.17–1.61, p for trend < .001) for small for gestational age, 1.43 (95% CI 1.14–1.79, p for trend < .001) for 1‐min Apgar score ≤ 7. ORs for preterm birth and 5‐min Apgar score ≤ 7 were not statistically significant. However, in participants with gestational hypertension or preeclampsia, ORs for preterm birth were 2.80 (95% CI 1.99–3.94, p for trend < .001) in DBP SD and 3.25 (95% CI 2.24–4.72, p for trend < .001) in DBP CV when extreme quartiles were compared. In conclusion, higher visit‐to‐visit BPV was associated with adverse neonatal outcomes.
MIF/SCL3A2 depletion inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells via the AKT/GSK‐3β pathway and cell iron death
Authors: Huang Guan , Ma Lili , Shen Lan , Lei Yan , Guo Lili , Deng Yongjian , Ding Yanqing
Published: May 2022

This study investigated the mechanisms of migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and solute carrier family 3 member 2 (SLC3A2) in colorectal cancer progression. The levels of MIF and SLC3A2 expression in cells were measured by RT‐qPCR. SW480 and SW620 cells were transfected with sh‐MIF and sh‐SLC3A2, respectively. MIF, SLC3A2, GPX4, E‐cadherin and N‐cadherin expression were detected by immunofluorescence (IF). CCK8 and Transwell assays were performed to detect cell proliferation and migration. Co‐immunoprecipitation (CoIP) was used to measure the binding activity of MIF and SLC3A2. Finally, a nude mouse tumorigenicity assay was used to confirm the functions of MIF and SLC3A2 in colorectal cancer. Results showed that the levels of MIF and SLC3A2 expression were up‐regulated in colorectal cancer cells. Inhibition of MIF or SLC3A2 expression prevented cell proliferation, migration, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion. In addition, knockdown of MIF and SLC3A2 promoted iron death in SW480 and SW620 cells. CoIP results showed that MIF and SLC3A2 directly interact with each other. Knockdown of both MIF and SLC3A2 inhibited tumour growth and metastasis via the AKT/GSK‐3β pathway in vivo. The Akt/GSK‐3β pathway was found to participate in regulating MIF and SLC3A2 both in vivo and in vitro. MIF and SLC3A2 might be potential biomarkers for monitoring the treatment of colorectal cancer.
How much is privacy worth around the world and across platforms?
Authors: Prince Jeffrey T. , Wallsten Scott
Published: May 2022

Using carefully designed discrete choice surveys, we measure individuals' valuation of online privacy across countries (United States, Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, Argentina, and Germany) and data types (personal information on finances, biometrics, location, networks, communications, and web browsing). We find that Germans value privacy more than do people in the United States and Latin American countries. Across countries, people most value privacy for financial (bank balance) and biometric (fingerprint) information. People had to be paid the least for permission to receive ads—respondents in Argentina, Colombia, and Mexico would even pay for them—followed by location privacy. We discuss privacy policy implications.
Herbal plants as alternatives for the management of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta
Authors: Tsai Ching‐Chu , Hung Sheng‐Hsiung , Lin Xiao‐Ru , Huang Rong‐Nan
Published: May 2022

The red imported fire ant (RIFA) is one of the most detrimental invasive species, threatening native ecosystems, human health and economic activities worldwide. In the quarantine zone of Taiwan, RIFA re‐infestation frequently occurs despite the intensive application of synthetic pesticides, making its control costly and ineffective. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify eco‐friendly and sustainable alternatives for controlling RIFA populations. This study examined the efficacy and feasibility of planting herbal species for RIFA control. Five herbal species, Tagetes lemmonii, Armoracia rusticana, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon nardus and Chrysopogon zizanioides, were grown in a RIFA‐infested field with local weeds as controls. Bait and pitfall traps and RIFA‐intruded plants were used to compare the ant activity in the control fields and those containing herbal plants. We further evaluated the RIFA repellent activity of the five herbal plants and their basal soil through digging bioassays. Generally, the field surveys showed more ants and intruded plants in the control than the herbal groups; however, the significance varied based on the trap type and plant species. The digging bioassays demonstrated that the aboveground parts of T. lemmonii, C. nardus, C. citratus and the belowground parts of T. lemmonii, C. citratus and C. zizanioides effectively repelled RIFA. The basal soil of T. lemmonii, C. citratus and C. nardus also exhibited deterrent activity towards RIFA. Our results demonstrated that herbal plants are eco‐friendly, sustainable alternatives for controlling and preventing RIFA infestation in severe infested and non‐infested areas.
Impact of cleansing protocols to remove endodontic sealer residues on the adhesive interface: Bonding with universal adhesive systems
Authors: Zaniboni Joissi Ferrari , de Souza Vitor , Escalante‐Otárola Wilfredo Gustavo , Porto Thiago Soares , Godoy Eduardo Fernandez , Kuga Milton Carlos
Published: May 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cleansing protocols to remove sealer residues using different cleaning strategies and the effect of bond strength of two universal adhesives to dentin impregnated with epoxy resin‐based sealer.

Materials and Methods

Fifty bovine dentin specimens were impregnated with epoxy resin‐based sealer containing calcium hydroxide (Sealer Plus) and submitted to cleansing protocols (n = 10): negative control (NC), positive control (PC), 95% ethanol (ET), xylol (XI), and amyl acetate (AA). Specimens were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Other 100 specimens were submitted to the same protocols (n = 20). Each protocol was divided into subgroups (n = 10) according to the universal adhesive system used: Scotchbond Universal (SU); Ambar Universal (AU). Bond strength was evaluated by micro‐shear bond test (μSBT). Persistence of residues data were assessed with Kruskal‐Wallis and Dunn's tests. μSBT data were analyzed with two‐way ANOVA (α = 5%).

Results

ET presented higher persistence of residues compared to AA and XI (p < 0.05). AA and XI were similar from each other (p > 0.05). AU and SU presented similar μSBT values, regardless of the cleansing solution (p > 0.05). SU‐NC presented the highest μSBT among all conditions (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The bond strength of universal adhesives was not affected by different amounts of sealer residues after different cleaning protocols.

Clinical Significance

Non‐polar substances such as amyl acetate and xylol are effective for removing residues from epoxy resin‐based endodontic sealers.
Large‐amplitude oscillatory shear behavior of xanthan gum/locust bean gum mixture: Effect of preparation methods on synergistic interaction
Authors: Ozmen Duygu , Toker Omer Said
Published: May 2022

Large‐amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) is a technique used for determining the rheological properties of food materials to simulate processes from production to consumption in food chains that can cause high deformations in the product. Hydrocolloids are frequently used alone or in combination with various hydrocolloids to control product's texture and rheology. In this study, LAOS behavior of xanthan gum (XSG) and locust bean gum (LBG) mixtures at different concentrations (0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%) was investigated and 3ITT was employed for supporting the LAOS findings. Also, different preparation methods (mixing before (BH) and after hydration (AH) and with powder forms (P)) were studied. LBG solution had viscous properties at all concentrations, while XSG solution showed elastic behavior at 0.3% and 0.5% concentrations. Mixture solutions’ elasticity was much more dominant than viscous behaviors according to XSG and LBG solutions alone due to synergistic interaction. According to Lissajous–Bowditch curves, AH has lower elasticity values than BH and P solutions. At higher strain values, BH and P solutions had more resistance. The recovery ability of the samples acquired from 3ITT increased with increasing gum concentration (e.g., for BH solutions from 0.1% to 0.5% concentrations recovery values increased from 91.19% to 97.82% at 10% strain value) and decreased with strain values (e.g. for BH solutions at 0.1% concentrations recovery values decreased from 91.19% to 25.77% from 10% strain value to 500% strain value), in accordance with the S and T values and Lissajous–Bowditch curves where the samples having viscouscharacter showed low recovery %.
Interlinking structural racism and heteropatriarchy: Rethinking family structure's effects on child outcomes in a racialized, unequal society
Authors: Cross Christina J. , Fomby Paula , Letiecq Bethany
Published: May 2022

In the field of family science and in the broader family policy discourse, debate is ongoing about the importance of family structure for child outcomes. Missing from this debate is a full integration of how the foundational pillars of White supremacy, namely structural racism and heteropatriarchy, impact both family formation and child outcomes, especially among diversely configured Black families. From a critical intersectional lens, we argue that conceptual models used to explain racialized child outcomes based on family structure effects are problematic because they compare family structure statuses without accounting for structural racism and interlinked heteropatriarchal conditions. We present a new conceptual model that integrates structural racism and heteropatriarchy to examine the salience of family structure statuses for child outcomes and discuss approaches to research design, empirical measurement, and interpretation in order to bring this new model into practice.
Smart Gene™ as an effective non‐invasive point‐of‐care test to detect Helicobacter pylori clarithromycin‐resistant mutation
Authors: Kakiuchi Toshihiko , Okuda Masumi , Matsuo Muneaki , Fujimoto Kazuma
Published: May 2022

Background and Aim

Smart Gene™ was developed based on the concept of point‐of‐care genetic testing. We evaluated the detection performance of a reagent for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) clarithromycin (CAM)‐resistant mutation assessment and determined the association between the results of Smart Gene™ and those of eradication therapy for H. pylori.

Methods

In 2020, the present study was conducted on participants of the H. pylori test and treat project in Saga Prefecture. The submitted stool samples were measured for H. pylori gene and CAM‐resistant mutation by Smart Gene™, and the results were compared with real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing analysis. Finally, the results of the eradication therapy were examined for each result of Smart Gene™.

Results

Stool samples were obtained from 139 patients who were tested positive by stool antigen test and were analyzed. The H. pylori detection rate was 95.7% by Smart Gene™, 92.8% by real‐time PCR (P < 0.01), and 89.2% by sequencing analysis (P = 0.06). The overall concordance rate for CAM‐resistant mutation between Smart Gene™ and sequencing analysis was 96.7%. Moreover, 35 of 48 students with CAM‐resistant mutation and 33 of the 35 students with a mutation without CAM resistance succeeded in CAM‐containing triple therapy, and the success rate was significantly higher for the mutation without CAM resistance (P = 0.012).

Conclusions

The detection performance of Smart Gene™ was comparable with that of real‐time PCR and sequencing analysis. It is expected that the success rate of eradication would be further improved by using the reagent.
Propensity‐matched comparisons of factors negatively affecting research activities during the COVID‐19 pandemic between nursing researchers working in academic and clinical settings in Japan
Authors: Inoue Madoka , Tohira Hideo , Yoshinaga Naoki , Matsubara Manami
Published: May 2022

Aim

To determine the factors associated with reduced research activities during the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020 by comparing nursing researchers working in academic and clinical settings.

Methods

This was a secondary analysis of data collected by the Japan Academy of Nursing Sciences, which conducted a cross‐sectional online survey when the pandemic began. We included respondents who worked in either academic or clinical settings and responded that the pandemic negatively affected their research activities. First, we computed a propensity score (PS) using a logistic regression model. Then we performed a one‐to‐one ratio matching between the groups based on the PS to control imbalances between the groups. We identified the factors negatively affecting research activities and who to consult about research concerns by comparing the groups using Chi‐square or Fisher's exact tests.

Results

There were 1,532 participants, with a response rate of 16.1%. After PS matching, 214 participants (107 for each group) were included. We identified three significant factors associated with reduced research activities: (i) time required for learning new information and communication technology (ICT) skills; (ii) time required for supporting colleagues with ICT issues; and (iii) time required for preparing and evaluating teaching materials. Approximately 20% of our participants in both settings had nobody to consult regarding research concerns.

Conclusion

We found that the time spent on ICT‐related issues negatively affected the research activities of nursing researchers when the pandemic began in Japan. In such an emergency, nursing researchers needed an opportunity to share their difficulties as a part of a support service.
Exploring the quality of life of cosmetic users: A cross‐sectional analysis from eight Arab countries in the Middle East
Authors: Mohammed Ali Haider , Hassan Bassam Abdul Rasool , Wayyes Abdulrasool M. , Al‐Tukmagi Haydar F. , Blebil Ali , Dujaili Juman , Nasr Muhammed Hassan , El Hajj Maguy Saffouh , Malaeb Diana , Alhija Sara Abu , Kateeb Elham , Amro Ahmad , Al‐Taweel Dalal , Al Juma Muna Arif , Al‐Ani Omar Abdulwahid , Farhan Sinan Subhi , Darwish Rula M. , Al‐Zaabi Ahmed Talib
Published: May 2022

Background

The use of cosmetic products is growing in dominance in the Arab population, making it essential to measure its effects on users. The production of cosmetics has been largely driven by consumerism and a bid to keep abreast with the latest trends in the beauty industry with less attention on how the users' quality of life (QoL) is affected.

Aims

This study aims to investigate the effect of cosmetic products on users' quality of life in eight Arab countries.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was carried out using an online data collection approach. A validated and specialist instrument tool called BeautyQoL, which consists of five domains and a total of 52 questions, was distributed to a sample of 2219 cosmetic users. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was done using SPSS® version 26.0.

Results

The mean age of participants was 34 ± 11.25 years, and more women were represented in the sample (71%) than men. The majority of respondents had oily skin type (39.6%) and tan skin tone (30.4%). QoL through cosmetic use is computed with a mean score of 51 out of 100. The users' mean score satisfaction from cosmetic use is centred on attractiveness (56.1), followed by self‐confidence (51.8). Cosmetics have a statistically significant effect on participants who are young adults, women, single, and employed with high income. As the respondents' skin tone deepens from very fair to dark, the mean score for each domain significantly increases, whereas when skin type changes from very oily to dry, the mean score for each domain decreases.

Conclusion

The effect of cosmetics on the users' QoL is limited, contrary to the narrative commonly portrayed in cosmetics' advertisements. Therefore, the use of cosmetics among the Arab population should be from an informed perspective of their specific needs instead of conforming to the viral trends pedaled by influencers and bloggers on social media, which might be irrelevant for them.
Patient and procedure selection for mechanical thrombectomy: Toward personalized medicine and the role of artificial intelligence
Authors: Al Saiegh Fadi , Munoz Alfredo , Velagapudi Lohit , Theofanis Thana , Suryadevara Neil , Patel Priyadarshee , Jabre Roland , Chen Ching‐Jen , Shehabeldin Mohamed , Gooch Michael Reid , Jabbour Pascal , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula , Rosenwasser Robert H. , Herial Nabeel A.
Published: May 2022

Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion is standard of care. Evidence‐based guidelines on eligibility for MT have been outlined and evidence to extend the treatment benefit to more patients, particularly those at the extreme ends of a stroke clinical severity spectrum, is currently awaited. As patient selection continues to be explored, there is growing focus on procedure selection including the tools and techniques of thrombectomy and associated outcomes. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been instrumental in the area of patient selection for MT with a role in diagnosis and delivery of acute stroke care. Machine learning algorithms have been developed to detect cerebral ischemia and early infarct core, presence of large vessel occlusion, and perfusion deficit in acute ischemic stroke. Several available deep learning AI applications provide ready visualization and interpretation of cervical and cerebral arteries. Further enhancement of AI techniques to potentially include automated vessel probe tools in suspected large vessel occlusions is proposed. Value of AI may be extended to assist in procedure selection including both the tools and technique of thrombectomy. Delivering personalized medicine is the wave of the future and tailoring the MT treatment to a stroke patient is in line with this trend.
Survival Rate of Ultrawide Diameter Implants Placed into Molar Postextraction Sockets and in Function for Up to 144 Months
Authors: Will Michael J. , Drago Carl
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Innovations in macroimplant design, specifically ultrawide implants 7.0 mm or greater in diameter, have allowed immediate molar replacement. This is a retrospective study assessing the survival rates of ultrawide diameter implants (7.0, 8.0, 9.0 mm) immediately placed into molar extraction sockets. Implants were followed up to 144 months postplacement.

Materials and methods

A retrospective study was conducted of all patients treated in a private surgical practice between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2020, who received ultrawide dental implants (7.0, 8,0, 9.0 mm.) placed immediately into molar extraction sockets. Wide diameter healing abutments were placed on all implants at the time of surgery. Abutments and crown restorations were fabricated after at least 4 months of unloaded healing. Patient age, sex, implant location and implant diameters were examined for survival. Insertion torque values at the time of placement and time in function were also evaluated. Biometric statistics were computed with p‐values (<0.05. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed; p‐values were set at 0.05.

Results

Five hundred forty‐four patients (225 males; 319 females) average age 62.5 years (range 27 to 95) had 563 implants placed. Five hundred thirty‐five of five hundred sixty‐three (535/563) implants survived; 28 failed [clinical survival rate (CSR) 95.03%]. Number and time in function were: 0 to 12 years 100%; 0 to 9 years 85%; 0 to 6 years 69%; 0 to 3 years 35% or 10 to 12 years 16%; 7 to 9 years 16%; 4 to 6 years 34%; 0 to 3 years 35%. No significant differences were found between sex and implant failures (p = 0.22). Maxillary (266/285; 93.3%) and mandibular (269/278; 96.8%) implant CSRs were not significantly different. Three implant diameters were used: 7.0 mm (206/563) [36.6%]; 8.0 mm (267/563) [47.4%]; 9.0 mm (90/563) [15.9%]. Clinical survival rates were: 7.0 mm (201/206) [97.6%]; 8.0 mm (252/267) [94.4%]; 9.0 mm (82/90) [91.1%]. Mean age for patients with failed implants did not show any significant differences (p = 0.1398). Fifteen of the 28 failed implants failed within 120 days of surgical placement (prior to definitive restoration; [53.6%]; 4 implants failed between 4 and 12 months [14.3%]; 9 implants failed at least 1‐year postloading [32.1%].

Conclusions

The results of this long‐term retrospective study regarding ultrawide diameter implants suggested that these implants were viable treatment options for immediate molar replacement following tooth extraction in either jaw with an unloaded healing protocol. High clinical survival rates were reported over a 144‐month (12‐year) timeframe.
Application of a sensory evaluation methodology for recipes utilized in federal nutrition education programs
Authors: Ng Melanie K. , Moore Carla J. , Adhikari Koushik , Andress Elizabeth L. , Henes Sarah T. , Lee Jung Sun , Cox Ginnefer O.
Published: May 2022

Federal nutrition education programs utilize recipe demonstrations to engage with low‐income participants and promote healthy eating behaviors; however, recipes created for these programs are developed in state extension offices or in collaboration with local cooks/chefs, and the fit of the recipes within their educational programming is subjective. Thus, a sensory evaluation methodology was developed to support recipe and curricula development. It is intended for use with a unique population of low‐income participants of federal nutrition education programs in central locations. The inclusion of sensory evaluation methods allows state extension staff to make sensory attribute‐specific improvements to their recipes prior to implementing them in their curricula. This article will detail the methodology that has been used for two successful studies in the community and briefly explain the researchers' “lessons learned,” suggested statistical analyses and relationships to analyze, and the future implications of this methodology.

Practical Applications

To encourage behavior change and promote healthy eating, nutrition education programs can utilize this sensory evaluation methodology to guide their recipe development and curricula decisions. The inclusion of sensory evaluation may present with an upfront higher recipe testing cost and increased time required by stakeholders to provide feedback, but it offers a deeper understanding of the target audiences' likes and dislikes. This information can be used to determine gaps in information on specific foods or nutrients within nutrition education lessons, to improve upon the recipe offerings in direct education, and to inform recipe development as new recipes are introduced to the target audience. Finally, the addition of questions related to preparation or purchase intent may allow content developers of these programs to infer the practicality of the recipes and predict behavior change.
The Lichen Photobiont Genus Rhizonema (cyanobacteria) Exhibits Diverse Modes of Branching, Both False and True
Authors: Masumoto Hiroshi , Sanders William B.
Published: May 2022

The recently described genus Rhizonema is among the most important cyanobacterial partners in lichen symbioses, but its morphological characterization in the genus diagnosis—true branching of the T‐type—appears at odds with several published figures showing false branching. We investigated cyanobiont branching and cell division with light microscopy in two basidiolichens from Florida and one from Japan, including aposymbiotically cultured material of the latter. Mycobiont species identities (Cyphellostereum jamesianum, Dictyonema darwinianum, and D. moorei) and photobiont genus identity (Rhizonema) were corroborated with ITS and rbcLX sequences, respectively. Single and paired false branching occurred commonly in all three strains examined. False branches developed adjacent to necridic cells or heterocytes, or by separation of vegetative cells at compression folds in the trichome. Non‐transverse cell divisions, usually oblique, were observed in two of the three Rhizonema strains examined. T‐type true branches sometimes arose from such divisions, although oblique growth from the branch cell often resulted in ambiguous branch junctions. Additionally, Y‐type true branches appeared to grow from contorted filaments. In cultured material, a kind of pseudo‐branch sometimes arose from single‐ or several‐celled segments liberated from trichome apices. The segments attached secondarily to filaments and grew there as apparent branches. We conclude that Rhizonema is a genus of considerable morphological flexibility, with multiple modes of branching possible in a single strain. While true branching or non‐transverse divisions, when observable, may help distinguish Rhizonema from the phenotypically similar Scytonema, false branching occurs commonly in both genera, and therefore cannot be used to distinguish them.
The relationship between parents’ cognitions, bedtime behaviours and sleep‐related practices with their child's sleep
Authors: Cook Georgia , Appleton Jane V. , Wiggs Luci
Published: May 2022

Certain parental cognitions about child sleep and bedtime behaviours used with their child have been linked to poorer child sleep. However, previous research has focused on mothers and explored only a limited range of sleep‐related cognitions and practices. The present study investigated whether parental cognitions and sleep‐related practices (both in connection with their own sleep and their child's sleep), alongside the bedtime behaviours used with their child were associated with and/or were predictive of their child's sleep. Mothers and fathers from 44 families (with a child aged 12–24 months) separately completed questionnaires reporting (i) their cognitions (about their own sleep and their child's sleep), (ii) sleep‐related practices (used in connection with their own and their child's sleep) and (iii) bedtime behaviours used with their child. Child sleep was assessed through parental report and actigraphy. Both parents’ cognitions about their own sleep predicted cognitions about their child's sleep. Mothers’ own sleep‐related practices predicted the types of practices they used with their child. Different patterns of maternal and paternal variables influenced parental perceptions of their child having a sleep problem. The present findings highlight the importance of including mothers and fathers in child sleep research. Parents’ dysfunctional cognitions (their own sleep) and broader sleep‐related practices (their own and child sleep) should be considered when exploring influences on child sleep. Results have possible implications for targets of interventions for child sleep problems and also potential implications for theoretical models of child sleep.
Evidence of circalunar rhythmicity in young children's evening melatonin levels
Authors: Hartstein Lauren E. , Wright Kenneth P. , Akacem Lameese D. , Diniz Behn Cecilia , LeBourgeois Monique K.
Published: May 2022

In adults, recent evidence demonstrates that sleep and circadian physiology change across lunar phases, including findings that endogenous melatonin levels are lower near the full moon compared to the new moon. Here, we extend these results to early childhood by examining circalunar fluctuations in children's evening melatonin levels. We analysed extant data on young children's circadian rhythms (n = 46, aged 3.0–5.9 years, 59% female). After following a strict sleep schedule for 5–7 days, children completed an in‐home, dim‐light circadian assessment (<10 lux). Salivary melatonin was assessed at regular 20‐ to 30‐min intervals until 1 h past each child's scheduled bedtime. Melatonin levels varied significantly across lunar phases, such that melatonin was lower in participants assessed near the full moon as compared to near the new moon. Significant differences were observed at 50 min (meanfull = 2.5 pg/ml; meannew = 5.4 pg/ml) and 10 min (meanfull = 7.3 pg/ml; meannew = 15.8 pg/ml) before children's scheduled bedtime, as well as at 20 min (meanfull = 15.5 pg/ml; meannew = 26.1 pg/ml) and 50 min (meanfull = 19.9 pg/ml; meannew = 34.3 pg/ml) after bedtime. To our knowledge, these are the first data demonstrating that melatonin secretion, a process regulated by the human circadian system, is sensitive to changes in lunar phase at an early age. Future research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying this association (e.g., an endogenous circalunar rhythm) and its potential influence on children's sleep and circadian health.
Efficacy and safety of bicyclol for treating patients with idiosyncratic acute drug‐induced liver injury: A multicenter, randomized, phase II trial
Authors: Tang Jieting , Gu Jin , Chu Naihui , Chen Yu , Wang Yongliang , Xue Dongying , Xie Qing , Li Lei , Mei Zaoxian , Wang Xiaojin , Li Jun , Chen Jun , Li Yi , Yang Changqing , Wang Yingxin , Shang Jia , Xie Wen , Hu Peng , Li Dongliang , Zhao Limin , Lan Pei , Wang Chen , Chen Chengwei , Mao Yimin
Published: May 2022

Background and Aims

Evidence for using bicyclol in drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is limited. This study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of bicyclol in acute DILI.

Methods

This was a multicenter, randomized, double‐blinded, double‐dummy, active‐controlled, superiority and phase II trial. Patients with idiosyncratic acute DILI were randomized 1: 1:1 to low‐dose bicyclol (25 mg times a day [TID]), high‐dose bicyclol (50 mg TID) and polyene phosphatidylcholine (control) groups. The primary endpoint was the decrease from baseline in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels at post‐treatment for 4 weeks.

Results

Overall, 241 patients were included in the full analysis set, with 81, 82 and 78 patients in the low‐dose bicyclol, high‐dose bicyclol, and control groups respectively. ALT levels decreased across groups (−249.2 ± 151.1, −273.6 ± 203.1, and −180.8 ± 218.2 U/L in the low‐dose bicyclol, high‐dose bicyclol and control groups, respectively; both p < .001, the bicyclol‐dependent groups vs. control group). The ALT normalization rates at weeks 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 were higher in the bicyclol‐dependent groups than in the control group (p = .002 at week 1 and all p < .001 at weeks 2, 4, 6 and 8 respectively). The median times to ALT normalization in the low‐dose bicyclol, high‐dose bicyclol and control groups were 29, 16 and 43 days respectively. Adverse events, serious adverse events and adverse drug reactions were similar across groups.

Conclusions

Bicyclol (25 and 50 mg TID) appeared efficacious and safe for treating idiosyncratic acute DILI, while bicyclol 50 mg TID showed higher efficacy.

Trial Registration Number

www.Clinicaltrials.gov (registration no. NCT02944552).
The effects of highly reduced magmatism revealed through aubrites
Authors: Wilbur Zoë E. , Udry Arya , McCubbin Francis M. , vander Kaaden Kathleen E. , DeFelice Christopher , Ziegler Karen , Ross Daniel Kent , McCoy Timothy J. , Gross Juliane , Barnes Jessica J. , Dygert Nick , Zeigler Ryan A. , Turrin Brent D. , McCoy Christopher
Published: May 2022

Enstatite‐rich meteorites, including the aubrites, formed under conditions of very low oxygen fugacity (ƒO2: iron‐wüstite buffer −2 to −6) and thus offer the ability to study reduced magmatism present on multiple bodies in our solar system. Elemental partitioning among metals, sulfides, and silicates is poorly constrained at low ƒO2; however, studies of enstatite‐rich meteorites may yield empirical evidence of the effects of low ƒO2 on elemental behavior. This work presents comprehensive petrologic and oxygen isotopic studies of 14 aubrites, including four meteorites that have not been previously investigated in detail. The aubrites exhibit a variety of textures and mineralogy, and their elemental zoning patterns point to slow cooling histories for all 14 samples. Oxygen isotope analyses suggest that the aubrite parent bodies may be more heterogeneous than originally reported or may have experienced incomplete magmatic differentiation. Contrary to the other classified aubrites and based on textural and mineralogical observations, we suggest that the Northwest Africa 8396 meteorite shows an affinity for an enstatite chondrite parentage. By measuring major elemental compositions of silicates, sulfides, and metals, we calculate new metal–silicate, sulfide–silicate, and sulfide–metal partition coefficients for aubrites that are applicable to igneous systems at low ƒO2. The geochemical behavior of elements in aubrites, as determined using partition coefficients, is similar to the geochemical behavior of elements determined experimentally for magmatic systems on Mercury. Enstatite‐rich meteorites, including aubrites, represent valuable natural petrologic analogues to Mercury and their study could further our understanding of reduced magmatism in our solar system.
Microbiomes respond predictably to built habitats on the seafloor
Authors: Hampel Justyna J. , Moseley Rachel D. , Hamdan Leila J.
Published: May 2022

The seafloor contains complex ecosystems where habitat heterogeneity influences biodiversity. Natural biological and geological features including vents, seeps and reefs create habitats that select for distinct populations of micro‐ and macrofauna. While largely studied for macrobiological diversity, built habitats may also select distinct microbiomes. Built habitat density on the seafloor is increasing with ocean sprawl expanding in the continental shelf and slope, potentially having widespread effects on benthic communities. This study addresses one type of built habitat, shipwrecks, on microbiomes in surrounding sediment. Using deep‐sea sediment samples (762 total) from the Gulf of Mexico, we report elevated diversity and a predictable core microbiome around nine shipwrecks. We show the sphere of influence of built habitats extends up to 300 m onto the seafloor. Supervised learning made predictions of sample proximity to structures based on frequency of taxa. Strongest predictions occurred in sediments nearest and furthest from sites for archaea and mid‐transect for bacteria. The response of archaea to built habitats was consistent across sites, while bacteria showed greater between site variability. The archaeal core shipwreck microbiome was enriched in taxa (e.g., Bathyarchaeia, Lokiarchaeia, Thermoplasmata) not present in the surrounding seafloor. Shipwrecks shaped microbiomes in expected ways, providing insight on how built habitats impact microbiome biodiversity in the Anthropocene.
How thermal challenges change gene regulation in the songbird brain and gonad: Implications for sexual selection in our changing world
Authors: Lipshutz Sara E. , Howell Clara R. , Buechlein Aaron M. , Rusch Douglas B. , Rosvall Kimberly A. , Derryberry Elizabeth P.
Published: May 2022

In a rapidly warming world, exposure to high temperatures may impact fitness, but the gene regulatory mechanisms that link sublethal heat to sexually selected traits are not well understood, particularly in endothermic animals. Our experiment used zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata), songbirds that experience extreme temperature fluctuations in their native Australia. We exposed captive males to an acute thermal challenge (43°C) compared with thermoneutral (35°C) and lower (27°C) temperatures. We found significantly more heat dissipation behaviours at 43°C, a temperature previously shown to reduce song production and fertility, and more heat retention behaviours at 27°C. Next, we characterized transcriptomic responses in tissues important for mating effort—the posterior telencephalon, for its role in song production, and the testis, for its role in fertility and hormone production. Differential expression of hundreds of genes in the testes, but few in the brain, suggests the brain is less responsive to extreme temperatures. Nevertheless, gene network analyses revealed that expression related to dopaminergic signalling in the brain covaried with heat dissipation behaviours, providing a mechanism by which temporary thermal challenges may alter motivational circuits for song production. In both brain and testis, we observed correlations between thermally sensitive gene networks and individual differences in thermoregulatory behaviour. Although we cannot directly relate these gene regulatory changes to mating success, our results suggest that individual variation in response to thermal challenges could impact sexually selected traits in a warming world.
Shared epigenetic alterations between oral cancer and periodontitis: A preliminary study
Authors: Gabusi Andrea , Gissi Davide B. , Grillini Sara , Stefanini Martina , Tarsitano Achille , Marchetti Claudio , Foschini Maria Pia , Montebugnoli Lucio , Morandi Luca
Published: May 2022

Introduction

We recently developed a non‐invasive sampling procedure for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) detection based on DNA methylation analysis of a panel of 13 genes. Oral cancer, as well as acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, may influence the methylation level of several genes in the oral cavity. In the present study, we evaluated the presence of periodontal disease (PD) and the methylation status using our 13‐gene panel.

Methods

Oral brushing specimens were collected from three different patient groups: 23 gingival OSCC patients, 15 patients affected by PD, and 15 healthy volunteers lacking evidence of PD. DNA methylation analysis was performed and each sample was determined to be positive or negative based on a predefined cut‐off value.

Results

Positive results were found for 23/23 OSCC patients, 3/15 PD patients, and 0/15 samples from healthy volunteers. The GP1BB and MIR193 genes in the PD group exhibited mean methylation levels similar to OSCC patients. ZAP70 showed different methylation levels among three groups.

Conclusion

Preliminary data identified shared epigenetic alterations between PD and OSCC patients in two inflammatory genes (GP1BB and MIR193). This study may help to identify potential links between the two diseases and serve as a starting point for the future research focused on pathogenesis.
A catalogue of resistance gene homologs and a chromosome‐scale reference sequence support resistance gene mapping in winter wheat
Authors: Kale Sandip M. , Schulthess Albert W. , Padmarasu Sudharsan , Boeven Philipp H. G. , Schacht Johannes , Himmelbach Axel , Steuernagel Burkhard , Wulff Brande B. H. , Reif Jochen C. , Stein Nils , Mascher Martin
Published: May 2022

A resistance gene atlas is an integral component of the breeder’s arsenal in the fight against evolving pathogens. Thanks to high‐throughput sequencing, catalogues of resistance genes can be assembled even in crop species with large and polyploid genomes. Here, we report on capture sequencing and assembly of resistance gene homologs in a diversity panel of 907 winter wheat genotypes comprising ex situ genebank accessions and current elite cultivars. In addition, we use accurate long‐read sequencing and chromosome conformation capture sequencing to construct a chromosome‐scale genome sequence assembly of cv. Attraktion, an elite variety representative of European winter wheat. We illustrate the value of our resource for breeders and geneticists by (i) comparing the resistance gene complements in plant genetic resources and elite varieties and (ii) conducting genome‐wide associations scans (GWAS) for the fungal diseases yellow rust and leaf rust using reference‐based and reference‐free GWAS approaches. The gene content under GWAS peaks was scrutinized in the assembly of cv. Attraktion.
Rescue venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for the deterioration of acute respiratory distress syndrome in pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Shimura Kisho , Matsumoto Shotaro , Ide Kentaro , Baba Chiaki , Nakagawa Satoshi , Shoji Kensuke , Uchida Hajime , Fukuda Akinari , Sakamoto Seisuke , Kasahara Mureo
Published: May 2022

Background

Twenty percent of pediatric patients with BA develop ACLF with increased mortality while awaiting LT. Respiratory complications are common in pediatric ACLF and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. ARDS is the most severe manifestation of acute respiratory failure with considerable risk of mortality.

Methods

A 5‐month‐old girl with post‐Kasai BA preoperatively experienced ARDS from RSV infection while awaiting LT. She developed decompensated liver failure with shock, acute kidney injury, coagulopathy, and pulmonary hemorrhage after several episodes of sepsis over the course of 1 month in the PICU. At this stage, RSV was not detected in the patient's tracheal aspirate by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. She underwent living donor LT to manage her pre‐existing critical state. Following reperfusion during LT, her pre‐existing ARDS rapidly deteriorated, which was alleviated by intraoperative VV ECMO.

Results

Severe respiratory acidosis improved rapidly following ECMO, and LT was completed uneventfully. The patient was successfully weaned off ECMO on POD 3.

Conclusions

This is the first pediatric case rescued by the intraoperative application of ECMO during LT. Our case and cumulative evidence suggest that VV ECMO can serve as rescue therapy for perioperative refractory respiratory failure in pediatric LT.