bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF THE SENIOR SUPERVISORS TOWARDS THE IMPROVEMENT OF SUPERVISION FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE REGIONAL SUPERVISORS IN OMAN
Authors: SULAİYAM ALBALUSHİ Moatasim Rashid , SAHRİR Muhammad SABRİ , Ibrahim Mohd Burhan
Published: February 2020

This quantitative study discussed the recent developments in the field of educational supervision. The terms of reference and roles of supervisors were identified in their supervisory follow-up and participation in raising academic achievement, providing technical support to help teachers develop their performance. Where the first supervisors are at the top of the technical pyramid; the Department of Educational Supervision had to put them in the care and educational care to improve their technical and specialized performance. The objectives of the study; to discuss the extent to which the first supervisors exercise their supervisory role in the educational directorates in the governorates, and to diagnose the areas that receive more exercise and attention by the supervisors to promote them, and areas that have little practice by the first supervisors to be addressed. The researcher used the descriptive analytical method, on a random sample of (333) first supervisors and supervisors representing the study population at all educational directorates in the governorates of the Sultanate. The findings of the study revealed that: the areas of communication and human relations, planning and organization are the greatest concern of the first supervisors in improving the performance of their supervisors.
Keywords
early supervisors, educational supervision, communication fields
DOMINATION OF VIOLENCE NEWS IN THE MEDIA: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY IN MEDIA PROCESSING
Authors: WAHEEB Mahmood MOHAMMED , HAYATİ Sofia , MALİK Ahmed ABDUL
Published: February 2020

This analytical study discusses how the media is dealing with the violence news. The problem is that there are multiple treatments and different visions of the violence nature. Violence often leads to more violence, if promoted in an impartial manner. Therefore, the study aims at discussing the media treatment of violence news, analyzing the news treatments used by the media with the issues of violence, and showing the images of violence through the media. Through the descriptive analytical method, the topic was discussed in three sections. The main results were: exaggerating the presentation of news and scenes of violence; , And the degree of excitement of journalistic treatment, the level of moral responsibility in journalistic treatment of violence has declined.
Keywords
media, violence, terrorism
CHALLENGES FACING TEACHERS OF ARABIC LANGUAGE (A2 PROGRAM) IN COMOROS SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN DEVELOPING 21ST CENTURY LEARNING SKILLS FOR ARABIC LANGUAGE STUDENTS
Authors: AHMED İsmaiel HASSANEİN , ANTOİNE NİDHOİMİ Said Omar , BADRASAWİ Kamal Jamil , MAMAT Arifin
Published: February 2020

This qualitative study aimed to diagnose the challenges facing teachers of the (A2) program for the Arabic language in developing 21st century learning skills among students of the Arabic language in Comoros high schools. The 21st century imposes an interest in acquiring students the skills that can help them solve their learning problems, prepare for work and live in this 21st century, the ability to innovate, innovate and collaborate in their practices rather than compete, and to be able to adapt to the rapid technological change and development of a modern society. This research dealt with semi-organized personal interviews from six teachers for this program in one of the islands, and the researcher interviewed them one by one. The content of the interviews was analyzed, and the topics were extracted. This research is divided into two sections. The first section deals with the effects that impede the application of 21st century learning skills among Arabic language students from the teachers' point of view. Administratively, there is a problem in the curriculum and teaching methods, weak response of students towards learning the Arabic language, while the second section deals with the suggestions of teachers on how to develop the application of skills among students of the Arabic language from the perspective of teachers which are: Raising interest in Arabic (2) Providing modern teaching aids (3) Raising students' desire towards learning Arabic. Keywords: Challenges, Secondary Teachers, (A2) Program, Learning Skills, Comoros.
Keywords
Challenges, Secondary Teachers, (A2) Program, Learning Skills, Comoros
Efficacy Aloe Vera In Treatment: A Literature Review
Authors: Rozani Moh
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Aloe vera is a medical which has many benefits that is used in medicine to several problems in the health of human body. Aim: Conducting a literature review study related to efficacy of aloe vera which is used for treatment in healing with body health problems. Methods: Article searching start on date 10-25 August 2018 via the CINAHL database, ResearchGate, Pubmed, and ScienceDirect which is used keyword effect AND aloe vera then, selection based on inclusion criteria in the article and after getting results inclusion criteria is done critical appraisal so that relevant articles number of 9 articles. Results: Of the 9 articles, there were 8 researching articles indicate that using aloe vera has benefits in accelerating the process of wound healing and decrease pain intensity heal burns. There is one researching article indicate date aloe vera can also be used as therapy or treatment in melasma patients with fix function skin pigment. Conclusion: Utilization of treatment using aloe vera proven to accelerate the process of wound healing and decrease some health problems of pain intensity.
STUDI KARAKTERISTIK DAN KUALITAS BIOBRIKET CAMPURAN BOTTOM ASH BATUBARA DENGAN ARANG TEMPURUNG KELAPA
Authors: Triantoro Agus , Mustofa Adip , Daniah Muhammad Hafidz
Published: February 2020

Biobriket campuran bottom ash batubara dan arang tempurung kelapa merupakan bahan bakar padat alternatif yang mempunyai kelayakan teknis untuk digunakan sebagai bahan bakar rumah tangga, industri kecil ataupun menengah. Biobriket ini juga mempunyai keuntungan ekonomis karena dapat diproduksi secara mudah dan sederhana, memiliki nilai kalor yang tinggi, dan ketersediaan bottom ash batubara cukup banyak di Indonesia khususnya di Kalimantan Selatan sehingga dapat bersaing dengan bahan bakar lain. Bottom ash berasal dari sisa pembakaran batubara pada PLTU sedangkan arang tempurung kelapa merupakan hasil dari olahan tempurung kelapa yang di proses menjadi arang dan keterdapatannya di Kalimantan Selatan banyak melimpah. Beberapa permasalahan yang kerap di jumpai briket bottom ash batubara adalah lamanya penyalaan, bau yang tidak sedap pada saat dibakar dan briket mudah pecah. Tujuan dari penelitian Mengetahui kualitas terbaik biobriket  campuran bottom ash batubara dan  arang tempurung kelapa berdasarkan komposisi campuran, dan ukuran partikel. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan uji eksperimen. Parameter uji eksperimen adalah karakteristik briket yang meliputi kadar air, kadar abu, kadar volatile matter, nilai kalor, waktu pembakaran dan kecepatan pembakaran dengan variasi komposisi bahan baku dan binder serta variasi ukuran partikel arang tempurung kelapa dan bottom ash batubara. Kualitas biobriket terbaik adalah biobriket tipe F dengan komposisi bottom ash batubara 25 %, tempurung kelapa 55 %  dan damar 15 %  serta kapur 5 % dengan  hasil analisa Inherent Moisture 5,77%, Ash 10,74%, Volatile Matter 42,77%, Kalori 6.624,56 Kkal/kg serta durasi pembakaran 247 detik Kata kunci : Bottom ash, Briket, arang
PEMBUATAN APLIKASI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN RUMUS EMPIRIS UNTUK MEMPREDIKSI LEMPARAN BATU (FLYING ROCK) DARI KEGIATAN PELEDAKAN
Authors: Santoso Eko , Kartini Kartini , Wanaldi Rizky
Published: February 2020

Salah satu dampak lingkungan yang disebabkan dari kegiatan peledakan yaitu adanya flyrock. Flyrock merupakan fragmentasi batuan (ukuran bongkahan batuan) yang terlempar akibat hasil peledakan. Fragmentasi batuan ini jika terlempar melebihi batas radius aman dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan untuk alat mekanis dan dapat mengakibatkan cidera untuk manusia. Salah satu pendekatan yang efektif untuk mengontrol dan mencegah kecelakaan akibat flyrock adalah prediksi lemparan flyrock.Metode yang  digunakan dalam perhitungan prediksi lemparan flyrock pada penelitian kali ini adalah dengan menggunakan pendekatan teori empris dari Richard and moore, Lundburg, Swedish model dan American model. Untuk menunjang dalam kecepatan perhitungan prediksi lemparan flyrock, maka dibuatlah program aplikasi perhitungan prediksi flyrock yang berbasis visual basic access. Berdasarkan perbandingan hasil perhitungan aplikasi dengan hasil lemparan flyrock aktual di lapangan didapatkan persentase error sebesar 14.58% untuk face burst, 26.49% untuk cratering, 58.76% untuk lundburg, 35.05% untuk Swedish model, 26.39% untuk American model. Keunggulan dari adanya aplikasi komputasi ini yaitu kemudahan dalam pengoperasian program yang secara garis besar hanya menginput parameter geometri peledakan sesuai teori, dan melakukan eksekusi program akan menunjang efisiensi waktu dan tenaga, serta keakuratan hasil perhitungannya akan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan melakukan perhitungan secara manual. Namun aplikasi yang dibuat ini masih memiliki keterbatasan fitur rangkaian interface/menu aplikasi dan aplikasi belum dapat melakukan pencetakan hasil dari output program. Kata-kata kunci: Flyrock Prediction, visual basic, Persamaan empirik, komputasi
PENGARUH STRUKTUR BATUAN PADA HASIL PELEDAKAN BATUGAMPING DI PT. PAMA INDO MINING, DESA SIDOMULYO, KECAMATAN KELUMPANG HULU, KABUPATEN KOTABARU KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Sufieawan Teguh Rahayu Novie , Saismana Uyu , Hakim Romla Noor , Gunawan Gunawan
Published: February 2020

PT. Pama Indo Mining melakukan kegiatan penambangan Quarry material limestone. Masalah yang sering timbul pada penambangan adalah adanya rongga – rongga sehingga menyulitkan proses charging. Penelitian ini lebih ditekankan pada upaya-upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk menghasilkan fragmentasi serta arah geometri peledakan yang baik berdasarkan struktur batuan yang terdapat di lokasi penelitian.Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap antara lain perhitungan arah umum kekar, fragmentasi hasil peledakan dengan menggunakan software serta korelasi hasil peledakan dari 4 lokasi dengan struktur batuan yang terdapat pada lokasi tersebut.Dari hasil korelasi struktur batuan dan fragmentasi peledakan diketahui bahwa fragmentasi lolos yang baik terdapat pada lokasi Quarry Pencil  arah freeface N349⁰E yaitu sebesar 91% lolos,  ukuran rata – rata 37 cm dengan sudut yang dibentuk kekar mayor dan minor terhadap freeface sebesar 173⁰ dan 178⁰ atau 7⁰ dan 6⁰.  Fragmentasi yang kurang baik terdapat pada lokasi 3B Kanan arah freeface N235⁰E yaitu sebesar 80% lolos, ukuran rata – rata 56 cm dengan sudut yang dibentuk kekar mayor dan minor terhadap freeface sebesar 86⁰ dan 101⁰. Arah peledakan berdasarkan struktur batuan yang ada di daerah penelitian mengikuti arah free face yang sudah ada pada Quarry Disposal, Pencil dan Bukit 2 masing - masing yaitu N47⁰E, N349⁰E dan N127⁰E. Sedangkan pada Quarry 3B Kanan direkomendasikan ke arah N322⁰E sehingga energy peledakan akan menyebar lebih efisien dan meminimalkan perpotongan oleh kekar. Kata Kunci : Arah Peledakan, Kekar, Fragmentasi, Image Analysis, Kuz-Ram, Rock Factor
STUDI KEDERDAPATAN BIJIH BESI PADA ENDAPAN LATERIT DI KECAMATAN KARANG INTAN, KABUPATEN BANJAR, PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Rasyid Abdillah , Nurhakim Nurhakim , Riswan Riswan
Published: February 2020

Endapan laterit merupakan hasil dari pelapukan lanjut dari batuan ultramafik pada daerah dengan iklim tropis sampai dengan subtropis. Melihat dari sebaran keterdapatan formasi batuan beku mafik hingga ultramafik yang memungkinkan membentuk suatu endapan laterit di wilayah Kabupaten Banjar maka dilakukan kegiatan eksplorasi untuk  menemukan dan menentukan daerah-daerah yang memiliki potensi menghasilkan bahan galian berupa bijih besi.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini didasarkan pada metode perhitungan aktual di lapangan yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan hasil pada waktu sekarang. Proses pemecahan menggunakan metode komputasi dan analisa data – data berupa peta, gambar, dan tabel yang dapat membantu dalam penyampai informasi hasil penelitian.Dari penelitian tersebut hasil yang didapatkan dari pengujian laboratorium yang menggunakan metode X-Ray Fluoresensi (XRF) di Laboratorium Dinas Pertambangan dan Energi Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan, kandungan Fe tertinggi terdapat pada TA-01 A dengan persentase 51,41% , dan yang terendah terdapat pada TA-03 B dengan persentase 17,21%. Tipe cebakan bijih besi di Kecamatan Karang Intan termasuk endapan eksogenik yaitu endapan yang terbentuk di permukaan bumi berupa endapan laterit. Kata-kata kunci: Laterit, Fe, X-Ray Fluoresensi
ANALISIS MODEL ESTIMASI NET PRESENT VALUE PADA PENJADWALAN PENAMBANGAN TERBUKA BATUBARA PIT 11 PT ARUTMIN INDONESIA SITE KINTAP KABUPATEN TANAH LAUT
Authors: Amar Fitria Handayani , Nurhakim Nurhakim , Hakim Romla Noor
Published: February 2020

PT Arutmin Indonesia merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang industri pertambangan. PT Arutmin Indonesia memiliki kontrak  PKP2B dengan umur kontrak yang berakhir pada  2 November 2020. Penelitian dilakukan disalah satu area PKP2B PT Arutmin yaitu pit 11 di site Kintap. Pada pit 11 akan dilakukan eksploitasi dengan melakukan penjadwalan penambangan yang dipertimbangkan berdasarkan analisis kriteria ekonomi. Analisis kriteria ekonomi pada pit 11 digunakan analisis kriteria net present value (NPV).Pada penelitian proyek penambangan pit 11 terdiri atas dua general description yaitu penjadwalan penambangan dan analisis net present value. Penjadwalan penambangan dikerjakan dengan bantuan aplikasi perangkat lunak Xpac 7.14, dimana penjadwalan disimulasikan menjadi 2 simulasi berdasarkan penempatan fleet untuk menentukan penjadwalan penambangan berdasarkan target produksi.  2 simulasi penjadwalan akan diestimasikan berdasarkan forecast rain delay menjadi 3 skenario yaitu skenario 1 pada saat minimum rain delay, skenario 2 pada saat average rain delay, dan skenario 3 maximum rain delay. Dari masing-masing simulasi penjadwalan penambangan akan didapat target produksi batubara, volme overburden dan penentuajn jarak pengangkutan yang akan dianalisis tigkat keekonomisannya berdasarkan kriteria net present value dengan pertimbangan biaya (cost) penambangan dan pendapatan (revenue) dengan komoditas harga batubara (coal price) dan discount rate yang berlaku di PT Arutmin Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan SImulasi 1, penambangan akan berlangsung selama 10 bulan (skenario 1 dan 2 ), dan 11 bulan (skenario  3). Adapun bila menggunakan Simulasi 2, penambangan akan berlangsung selama 12 bulan (skenario 1), 14 bulan (skenario 2) dan 15 bulan (skenario 3Hasil Nilai NPV dari masing-masing simulasi 1 dan 2 didapat untuk skenario 1 nilai NPV yaitu $  29,608,151.48  skenario 2 besar NPV yaitu $29,589,419.87 , dan skenario 3 besar NPV yaitu $ 29,552,139.84. Sedangkan hasil dari simulasi 2 untuk skenario 1 didapat besar NPV yaitu $ 29,552,139.30 , skenario 2 besar NPV yaitu $  29,271,760.24 dan skenario 3 besar NPV yaitu $ 29,150,450.08. Berdasarkan hasil perbandingan, nilai NPV terbesar akan didapatkan bila penjadwalan penambangan dilaksanakan dengan Simulasi 1 yaitu penjadwalan produksi dilakukan dengan menempatkan 2 fleet di pit 11A kemudian dilanjutkan 2 fleet di Pit 11BKata-kata kunci: Fleet, Forecast Rain Delay, Cost, Revenue, Coal Price, Discount Rate, Net Present Value
Pembuatan Bio Oil Dari Sekam Padi dengan Proses Pirolisis Lambat
Authors: Prasetio Nyoto , Pranita Dhea , Sanjaya Ari Susandy
Published: February 2020

Abstract- The pyrolysis of bio oil, and bio char formation of rice husk has been investigated. This research was conducted using the method of slow pyrolysis. Slow pyrolysis process is performed at a temperature of 300oC, 350oC and 400oC with pyrolysis time 90 minutes. These results indicate that the higher temperature, the more yield of bio oil produced, while the yield of char produced decreases. The substances in the bio oil was detected by GCMS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). Key word: slow pyrolysis, bio char, bio oil, rice husk
Taxonomic composition and diversity of the gut microbiota in relation to habitual diet in Korean adults
Authors: Noh Hwayoung , Jang Hwan-Hee , Kim Gichang , Zouiouich Semi , Cho Su-Yeon , Kim Hyeon-Jeong , Kim Jeongseon , Choe Jeong-Sook , Gunter Marc J. , Ferrari Pietro , Scalbert Augustin , Freisling Heinz
Published: February 2020

Background: Little is known of the relationship between the Korean habitual diet and gut microbiota composition. We investigated associations of habitual dietary intake of foods and nutrients with the taxonomic composition and diversity of gut microbiota in 222 Korean adults aged 18-58 years in a cross-sectional study. Gut microbial taxonomic composition and diversity data were obtained by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of bacterial DNA extracted from fecal samples. Habitual diet for the previous year was collected by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Correlations between intakes of food and nutrients and gut microbial taxonomic composition were examined with adjustment for sex, age, body mass index, dietary supplement, smoking status, and sample batch. Specific dietary patterns associated with α-diversity were identified by reduced rank regression. Enterotypes of gut microbiota were explored by principal coordinate analysis based on β-diversity.Results: The intakes of vegetables, fermented legumes, and potatoes were positively associated with the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, while the intakes of noodle products and non-alcoholic beverages were inversely related to the F/B ratio (all P<0.05). A dietary pattern associated with higher α-diversity (HiαDP) was characterized by greater intakes of fermented legumes, vegetables, potatoes, tea, and fruit/fruit juice and lower intakes of non-alcoholic beverages. Among three different enterotypes identified based on the β-diversity, the Ruminococcus enterotype had higher scores of the HiαDP and was more strongly associated with intakes of vegetables and nuts/seeds, compared to the two other enterotypes. Conclusions: We conclude that the habitual diet in Korean adults was associated with gut microbial taxonomic composition and diversity. A higher intake of plant-based and fermented foods was associated with distinct gut microbial enterotypes in Korean adults.
Quality of maternal and neonatal health care: A cross sectional survey in the for-profit private sector facilities in urban Bangladesh
Authors: Begum Tahmina , Nababan Herfina , Adams Alayne , Ahmed Anisuddin , Rahman Aminur , Anwar Iqbal
Published: February 2020

Background For-profit private sector is increasingly contributing in maternal and neonatal health (MNH) in many low and middle income countries including Bangladesh. However, they operate beyond any regulatory frame-work that raises concerns about quality, cost and equity. In view of maximizing the contribution of ever-growing private sector in achieving the national public health goals, this study explores the quality of MNH care in the for-profit private hospitals in urban Bangladesh. Method The study was conducted in Sylhet City Corporation area during June to August 2015 where all 34 for-profit private hospitals providing Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal care services were included. A facility survey (N=34) using structured checklist; and a review of inpatient medical records (n=1343) was undertaken to explore the structure, process and outcome dimensions of quality of MNH care. Finally results were presented according to size of the facility. ResultsOut of 34 health facilities, labour room, neonatal care unit and breast feeding corner were absent in 13, 27 and 31 facilities respectively. The median number of full time obstetricians, anesthetists and pediatricians were <1; and unregistered nurses (9) were more than registered nurses (3). Hospital copy for discharge certificates were available in 10 facilities. The recommended waste segregations and disposals using three separate colour coded bins were present in six surveyed facilities for in house but not at all for outhouse waste management. Out of 1343 delivery cases reviewed; 67% were conducted after 2 pm and 81% of all deliveries were conducted by caesarean section. Supporting clinical findings such as partograph use (<1%) and vaginal examination findings (21%) to validate Caesarean indication, were also missing. Conclusions Skilled human resource shortage was prominent and reflected as low use of evidence based clinical practices. Tendency of delivery being conducted after office time of public hospital implies dual practice of consultants which can jeopardize quality both in public and private health facilities. Poor record keeping was a medico-legal concern and improper waste management can increase hospital acquired infection rate. The observed poor quality of care under this study need immediate policy attention to safeguard individual health and national health system.
Concordance of mother-child (6-23 month) dietary diversity and its associated factors in Kucha district, Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia: a community- based cross- sectional study
Authors: Guja Tesfaye , Melaku Yeabsira , Andarge Eshetu
Published: February 2020

Background Meeting minimum standards of dietary quality in mothers and children is a challenge in many developing countries including Ethiopia. Emerging evidence suggests that maternal and child dietary diversity is associated but little is known about the associated factors of concordance of mother-child dietary diversity in Ethiopia and none is documented in the study area. This study examines the concordance between mother- child (6-23 months) dyads dietary diversity and the associated factors in Kucha district, Gamo Gofa zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 791 mother- child (6-23 months) pairs from 11 selected kebeles in March 6 to April 13, 2017. Multi-stage cluster sampling technique was used to select the study subjects. The sampling frame was obtained from family folder of health posts in each kebele. The mother-child pairs were selected by simple random sampling method. The 7 food groups of World Health Organization (WHO) for children and the 10 food groups of FANTA/FAO, 2016 for mothers were used to analyze the dietary diversity. Cohen’s kappa statistics was calculated to see the strength of concordance. Multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to determine factors affecting mother-child dietary diversity concordance. Result A good concordance was noted between mother- child dietary diversity scores (Kappa = 0.43). Only 56 (7.1%) of mothers were negative deviants and 133 (16.8%) of mothers were positive deviants in dietary diversity consumption. Rural residence (AOR =3.49; 95% CI: 1.90-6.41), mothers having no formal education (AOR= 1.8; 95% CI: 1.08-3.05, mothers who did not own milking cow (AOR= 1.7; 95% CI: 1.10-2.56),children with low diversity diversity(AOR= 8.23; 95% CI: 5.17-13.08) and mothers with low dietary diversity (AOR= 0.46; 95% CI: 0.29-0.74) were found to be factors associated with mother-child dietary diversity concordance. An increase in the percentage of children reaching the minimum dietary diversity was greater with successive increase in maternal dietary diversity. Conclusion Despite, interesting similarity between mothers and children dietary consumption, more than three quarter of concordants didn’t achieve the recommended dietary diversity score (were low concordants). Interventions targeting on rural women’s access to high school education, home based milking cow rearing and promote nutrition sensitive agriculture to meet the dietary requirements of mothers and children in a sustainable manner and public health efforts to improve child nutrition may be strengthened by promoting maternal dietary diversity due to its potential effect on the entire family.
Geographical disparities and determinants of childhood diarrheal illness in Ethiopia: Further Analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Atnafu Asmamaw , Sisay Malede Mequanent , Demissie Getu Debalkie , Tessema Zemenu Tadesse
Published: February 2020

Background: Childhood diarrheal illness is the second leading cause of child mortality in Sub Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia. Studies hypothesized that there are regional variations. Thus, the study aimed to examine the spatial variations and to identify the determinants of childhood diarrhea in Ethiopia. Methods: Data from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) was analyzed. This nationwide survey involved 10,337 children below 5 years old. The survey was carried out using a two-stage stratified sampling design. Moran’s I and LISA were used to detect the spatial clustering of diarrhea cases and to test for clustering in the data. Descriptive statistics followed by a mixed-effect logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with the prevalence of diarrhea. Results: Overall, 11.87% of children were experienced childhood diarrheal illness. The study reveals high-risk areas were Southern and central Ethiopia, while eastern and west were indicated as low-risk regions. Younger children were more likely to suffer from childhood diarrhea than their older counterparts: age 6 to 12, 12 to 23, and 24 to 35 months were (AOR = 2.66, (95% CI 2.01, 3.52)), (AOR = 2.45, (95% CI 1.89, 3.17)), and (AOR = 1.53, (95% CI 1.17, 2.01)), respectively. Children living in Tigray (AOR= 1.69 (95% CI, 1.01, 2.83)), Amhara (AOR = 1.80, (95% CI, 1.06, 3.06), SNNPR (AOR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.22, 3.42), and Gambela (AOR = 2.05, (95% CI 1.22, 3.42)), faced greater risk than Addis Ababa city. The odds of getting diarrhea is decreased by 24% among households having ≥3 under-five children as compared to households having only one under-five child (AOR = 0.76 (95% CI: 0.61, 0.94)). The odds of children getting diarrheal illness among working mothers increase by 19% as compared to not working (AOR = 1.19 (95% CI 1.03, 1.38)). Conclusions: childhood diarrheal illness is highly prevalent among under-five children, particularly in SNNP, Gambella, Oromia, and Benishangul Gumuz regions. Capacity building programs with best experience sharing and better household environment may prove effective in reducing the incidence of childhood diarrhea in Ethiopia. Keywords: Spatial statistics, Ethiopia, under-five children, Diarrhea, Generalized Mixed Model
Correlation between Agricultural Biodiversity, Dietary Diversity, Household Food Security and Associated Factors of Wasting among 6-59 Months old Children in Ambassel Woreda, North East Ethiopia
Authors: Tadesse Sisay Eshete , Mekonnen Tefera Chane , Feleke Yitbarek Wasihun , Mesfine Metadel Adane , Bekele Nigus Cherie , Ali Hafiza
Published: February 2020

Background Worldwide there are up to 300,000 known plant species. But, only 2% are consumed by human. Under nutrition among under five children is still a public health problem. There is an information gap on the importance of agricultural biodiversity in relation to dietary intake and nutritional status. Objective to assess the correlation between agricultural bio-diversity, dietary diversity, household food insecurity and associated factors of wasting among 6-59 months old children. Method A community based cross-sectional study was employed among 367 systematically selected children aged 6-59 months from January to April 2018. The sample size was determined by Epi Info 7.2.5.1. Data were collected by open data kit. Height and weight were measured using height measuring board and SECA Germany. Data entry and analysis was done using Epi Data version 3.1 and STATA version 14. Descriptive statistics was computed and reported using frequency and percentage. Anthropometric measurements were analyzed using WHO Anthro 2005 software. Linear regression and correlation were done. A p-value of < 0.05 and 95% confidence intervals were used to see the statistical significance. Result The prevalence of wasting was 7.3%(95% C.I; 4.6, 10.0). Dietary diversity score is found to be correlated with height for weight Z score (r=-0.11, p-value=0.04) of children. Mother who are unable to read and write (B=-.126, 95% CI: -1.02, -.034) and dietary diversity score (B=.143, 95% CI: .14, 1.86) were factors associated with wasting. Conclusion and Recommendation Wasting is higher than the national target of Ethiopia. Educational status of mother and DDS were factors associated with wasting among children aged 6-59 months. Prevention of nutritional problem should include reducing illiteracy rate among mother/care-givers and promote diversified intake of diet among 6-59 months old.
The correlation between vitamin D and maternal/infant outcomes, inflammatory response in pregnant women
Authors: Wei Yarong , Jiang Xinye , Qiu Ting , Fu Jinyan , Zhang Heng , Chen Daozhen
Published: February 2020

Purposes To analyze the effects of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women on common adverse pregnancy outcomes and small for gestational age (SGA) and to detect the expression of inflammatory factors in pregnant women to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women. Methods Serum samples from pregnant women from January 2015 to December 2015 were collected to measure the 25-(OH)D level. The effects of maternal age, pregnancy, season, parity and temperature on vitamin D levels in pregnant women were recorded. Then, the relationship between vitamin D levels and gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension, premature rupture of membranes, cesarean section, premature delivery and spontaneous abortion, and neonatal gestational age were analyzed. The expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum was detected by RT-PCR and western blot. Results The incidence of vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency and sufficiency in pregnant women in this region was 83.28%, 15.36% and 1.36%, respectively. Age, pregnancy, sampling season and parity were the influencing factors on vitamin D level, and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that summer, autumn and temperature were protective factors for adequate vitamin D in pregnant women (P <0.05). Vitamin D levels in pregnant women were associated with preterm birth, spontaneous abortion and SGA. The incidences of preterm birth, spontaneous abortion and SGA were higher in the vitamin D deficiency group (P<0.05). ConclusionThe serum vitamin D level of pregnant women in this area is low and is affected by multiple factors such as age, pregnancy, season, parity and temperature. Low vitamin D levels can increase the risk of premature birth, spontaneous abortion and SGA in pregnant women, and its low expression is common. As it also leads to inflammation, increasing the level of vitamin D in the serum of pregnant women can effectively reduce the occurrence of related diseases.
Evaluation of simplified fluid intake and output recording schemes for the self-management in patients with heart failure: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lin Na , Chen Xiaohuan , Huang Xiufang , Liu Donghui , Wu Zhiyong , Guo Yansong , Li Hong
Published: February 2020

Background Fluid management plays a pivotal role for heart failure (HF) patients. Medical fluid intake and output recording scheme by health care professional is complicated, which is not easily conducive to carry out by HF patients for self-management at home. This study aimed to optimize the professional fluid records for the self-management of HF patients and evaluate the effectiveness of this simplified recording scheme of fluid intake and output. Methods A randomized, non-blinded, non-inferiority trial with allocation concealment was conducted. Participants meeting the diagnostic criteria for HF were randomly assigned to professional recording group (PRG) and simplified recording group (SRG) according to the random allocation sequence generated by online tool. Days from admission to clinical stability (primary outcome), clinical congestion score (CCS), Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) and frequency of electrolyte disturbances (secondary outcomes) were collected. The outcomes judges were blinded to group assignment.Results A total of 140 HF patients were enrolled and randomly divided into PRG (n=70) and SRG (n=70). Ultimately, 129 HF patients (PRG, n=65, and SRG, n=64) completed these experiments. Compared to PRG patients, SRG patients also improved their HF symptoms (including shortness of breath and fluid retention), and did not show the prolonged hospitalization time after similar intravenous diuretic treatment. Additionally, the parameters of clinical stability, CCS, MLHFQ, electrolyte disturbances and body weight in SRG patients were not inferior to that of PRG patients ( P >0.05). Conclusions This simplified fluid intake and output recording scheme was safe, efficient and non-inferior to the professional mode, which might effectively enhance their feasibility of self-management, and improve their quality of life in HF patients.
Do checklist-induced behavioral changes improve self-confidence in fundoscopic examination?: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Yokokawa Daiki , Shikino Kiyoshi , Ikegami Akiko , Tsukamoto Tomoko , Noda Kazutaka , Uehara Takanori , Ohira Yoshiyuki , Ikusaka Masatomi
Published: February 2020

Background Fundoscopic exams are conducted during outpatient consultations to assess intracranial disease and complications from chronic diseases. Low level of confidence in these skills which physicians have is one of the causes that Implementation frequency is low. We quantitatively verified increases in exam implementation for patients suggested for fundoscopic exams, as well as improvements in physicians' confidence in the procedures, by introducing a checklist. We also conducted a qualitative analysis in order to clarify the process by which they gain confidence in examination procedures. Methods This study is a before-after study, within an embedded-experimental mixed methods design. Phase 1 spans April to May 2016, April to May 2017, and October to November 2017. Phase 2 spans the two months following each phase 1 period. We sampled 15 physicians in department of general medicine at a university hospital assigned to initial consultation. The introduction of a checklist that verifies whether the fundoscopic exam was implemented. Measures are implementation ratio of the fundoscopic exam to the total number of indication cases, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) values ​​for the confidence in procedure are measured between the two phases. To analyze, we obtained qualitative data from interviews and used the Modified Grounded Theory Approach. Results We observed significant increases in the implementation ratio (19.2% (29/151 cases) vs. 64.8% (105/162 cases), p<0.001), and in the VAS value for the confidence (1.89mm vs 4.68 mm (p<0.001)) between the two phases. Analysis of the interviews produced five themes from the initial 632 codes, 31 concepts (with <>), and 8 categories. To increase the implementation, it is necessary to reduce the and < Forgetting>, which is preventing by the checklist. The  leads to a . Repeated executions result in .Conclusions The intervention increased the implementation ratio, thereby increasing successful experiences and confidence among physicians. The growth of confidence boosted motivations to implement fundoscopic exams.
A pilot exploratory study of the potentials of deep learning methods in cancer image segmentation and classification
Authors: Yi Eric , Liu Yanling
Published: February 2020

Background Tumor classification and feature quantification from H&E histology images are critical tasks for cancer diagnosis, cancer research, and treatment. However, both tasks involve tedious and time-consuming manual examination of histology images. We explored the usage of deep learning methods in segmentation and classification of histology images of cancer tissue for their potential in computer-aided tumor diagnosis and other clinical and research applications. Specifically, we evaluated performance of selected deep learning methods in stroma and glandular objects segmentation in tumor image data and tumor images classification. We automated these tasks to help facilitate downstream tumor image analysis, reduce the labor load of pathologists, and provide them with a second opinion on their analysis. Methods We modified a patch-based U-Net model and trained it to perform stroma detection and segmentation in cancer tissue. Then the semantic segmentation capabilities of the U-Net model were compared with that of a DeepLabV3+ model. We explored the possible use of transfer learning to train a patch-based model to classify cancer tissue images as carcinoma and sarcoma and to further classify them as carcinoma subtypes. Results In spite of the limited dataset available for the pilot study, we found that the DeepLabV3+ model performed biomedical image segmentation more effectively than U-Net when k-fold cross-validation was utilized, but U-Net still showed promise as an effective and efficient model when we used a customized validation approach. We believe that the DeepLabV3+ model can perform segmentation with even more accuracy if computation resource constraints are removed or if more data is used to augment the result. In terms of tumor classification, our selected models also consistently achieve test accuracies above 80%, with a model trained using transfer learning with VGG-16 network as the feature extractors, or convolutional base performing best. For multi-class tumor subtype classification, we also observed promising test accuracies from our models, and a customized post-processing method provided even higher prediction accuracy on test set images and this method can be further investigated. Conclusions This pilot exploratory study provided strong evidence for the powerful potentials of deep learning models for segmentation and classification of tumor image data.
Does baseline corticosterone influence inter-annual apparent survival of the Thorn-tailed Rayadito?
Authors: Quirici Verónica , Botero-Delgadillo Esteban , González-Gómez Paulina , Espíndola-Hernández Pamela , Zambrano Brayan , Cuevas Elfego , Wingfield John C. , Vásquez Rodrigo A.
Published: February 2020

Background: Many studies have attempted to link variation in corticosterone (Cort), the primary glucocorticoid (GC) in birds, with reproductive output, however the consequences of variation in Cort levels on survival probability have been relatively less explored. When considering baseline Cort and survival probability, two hypotheses have been proposed, the cort-fitness hypothesis and the cort-activity hypothesis. Notwithstanding a few exceptions, studies have generally however shown no relationship between levels of baseline Cort and the probability of survival. Methods: With the aim of increasing our understanding of the effect of baseline Cort on survival probability we utilized mark-recapture data from a long-term study (eight years of capture-mark-recapture) of the Thorn-tailed Rayadito ( Aphrastura spinicauda ), fitting different survival models with and without baseline Cort levels as covariates. Secondly, because the two populations in our study have different values of baseline Cort, we evaluated whether the association between baseline Cort and apparent inter-annual survival probability varied in relation to these two populations. Results: In the high latitude population (the population with lower baseline Cort levels), we observed a quadratic (inverted U-shape) relationship between baseline Cort levels and inter-annual survival probability; in the low latitude population, baseline Cort had no apparent effect on inter-annual survival probability. Conclusions: Because of the quadratic relationship, a relationship that only can be observed with long-term data, our approach emphasizes the importance of using a capture-recapture model. In addition, because the effect of baseline Cort on survival probability was found to be context-dependent, our work also highlights the importance of comparing different populations.
Preoperative anemia and postoperative thirty-day mortality in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery: a secondary analysis based on a single-center retrospective study.
Authors: Luo Xueying , Liu Baoer , Zheng Sujing , Yang Liping , Li Ya , Hu Haofei , He Jinsong
Published: February 2020

Introduction There is controversial and limited evidence to clarify the specific relationship between anemia and perioperative mortality in surgical patients at different ages. We aimed to investigate the relationship between them in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery of different ages. Methods The present study was a retrospective analysis of the electronic medical records of 90,785 patients who underwent general surgery at the Singapore General Hospital from January 1, 2012 to October 31, 2016. We reanalyzed these data including patient demographics, comorbidities, laboratory results, surgical priority and surgical risk. The main outcome measures included anemia and postoperative 30day mortality. Results The average age of the 86,748 participants enrolled was 52.73 ± 17.24 years old, of which approximately 54.05% were female. 62878 (72.48%)people in the study population had no anemia, 13006 (14.99%) had mild anemia, 10863 (12.52%) had moderate to severe anemia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that anemia was independently associated with postoperative 30day mortality [Compared with none anemia, adjusted odds ratio of mild anemia:1.6404, (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2295-2.1886; P =0.000768); and adjusted OR of moderate or severe anemia: 2.6643 (95% [CI]: 2.0315- 3.4941) ;P<0.000001)]. There is no statistical difference among the effect sizes of anemia on 30day mortality, regardless of different age(P=0.2469), gender(p=0.8067), and race (0.4629). And the effect sizes of anemia at each stage on postoperative 30day mortality showed statistically significant increase in intra-transfusion, emergency surgery, high surgery risk(p for interaction is 0.0125,0.0001,0.0032,respectively) Discussion In patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery, anemia is an independent risk factor for perioperative 30day mortality, especially among emergency surgery, high-risk surgery and surgery with intraoperative blood transfusion.
A sensitive method for low input amount of exosomes in mouse model liquid biopsy using two-stage PCR
Authors: Rho HyunWook , Choi Yuna , Park MiRae , Jang EunJi , Mun Byonggel , Haam Seungjoo , SON HYE YOUNG , Huh YongMin
Published: February 2020

Background Recently, many potential non-invasive biomarkers have been developed using exosome-based liquid biopsy for early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. However, exosome analyses from small liquid biopsy samples have been limited with regard to sensitivity and efficiency. Methods We used a breast cancer model mouse with ERBB2 overexpression and collected liquid biopsy samples. We performed two-stage PCR for ERBB2, PPP1R1B, GRB7, and STARD3 genes. We compared conventional PCR methods with our two-stage PCR method. Both methods had same step of primer and cycle and amplification condition for RT-qPCR. PCR amplicons quality was validated by using the Sanger method. Results Quantitative analysis of all samples by conventional PCR compared with two-stage PCR template dilution (1/200) showed similar Ct values in all sample groups (cell, supernatant, urine, and plasma). Sequencing of the two-stage PCR-derived products revealed no changes in product sequence compared to that of conventional PCR. The obtained sequences showed 98-99% match of target gene sequences in the databases according to BLAST searches. Conclusion Two-stage PCR has better sensitivity and efficiency than conventional PCR methods for small-volume samples. Additionally, this method is useful for monitoring, as many genes can be assayed at once.
Liver Fibrosis Indices and Hemorrhagic Transformation After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Wang Yanan , Cheng Yajun , Qiu Ke , Song Quhong , Liu Junfeng , Liu Ming
Published: February 2020

Background: Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is recognized as a common compilation of acute ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate whether liver fibrosis indices are related to HT.
Methods: We included ischemic stroke patients within 7 days of symptom onset. We calculated 3 liver fibrosis indices including the Aspartate Aminotransferase - Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), the Fibrosis - 4 (FIB - 4) score, and the Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fibrosis Score (NFS) . Primary outcome was HT and secondary outcomes were symptomatic HT or parenchymal hemorrhage. We used multivariate logistic regression to assess the association between liver fibrosis indices and outcomes.
Results: Among 2033 patients with ischemic stroke, the median APRI, FIB - 4 and NFS were significantly higher in HT cases compared with controls (APRI: 0.37 vs. 0.31; FIB-4: 2.44 vs. 1.86; 0.13 vs. -0.30, respectively; all P <0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, the OR (95%CI) of HT for those in the highest tertile of APRI was 1.53 (1.05 - 2.24) compared with patients in the lowest tertile ( P for trend = 0.038). FIB - 4 (OR 1.28, 95% CI 0.82 - 2.01; P for trend = 0.07) and NFS (OR 1.31, 0.71 - 2.44; P for trend = 0.068) were not associated with HT. Indices were not associated with the secondary outcomes.
Conclusions: In patients with ischemic stroke, high APRI was associated with increased risks of HT, suggesting that APRI might be a prognostic biomarker for HT after acute ischemic stroke.
Extrasynaptic CaMKIIα is involved in the antidepressant effects of ketamine by downregulating GluN2B receptors in an LPS-induced depression model
Authors: Tang Xiao-Hui , Zhang Guang-Fen , Xu Ning , Duan Gui-Fang , Jia Min , Liu Ru , Zhou Zhi-Qiang , Yang Jian-Jun
Published: February 2020

Background

A subanesthetic dose of ketamine provides rapid and effective antidepressant effects, but the molecular mechanism of this treatment remains elusive.

Methods

In this study, we investigated the role of CaMKIIα in the antidepressant effects of ketamine using an LPS-induced mouse model of depression, explored the different changes of CaMKIIα in the synaptic and extrasynaptic regions of the hippocampus, and clarified the relationship between CaMKIIα and GluN2B from extrasynaptic perspective.

Results

Ketamine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) administration attenuated the LPS-induced increase in extrasynaptic CaMKIIα activity (p-CaMKIIα) and extrasynaptic GluN2B localization and phosphorylation and that ketamine exerted antidepressant effects. Immunoprecipitation assay revealed that in the extrasynaptic region of the hippocampus, p-CaMKIIα bound to GluN2B, and ketamine administration attenuated the enhanced interaction between p-CaMKIIα and GluN2B induced by LPS. KN93, a CaMKIIα inhibitor, could also reverse the high level of extrasynaptic p-CaMKIIα, reduce hippocampal extrasynaptic GluN2B localization and phosphorylation, and exert antidepressant effects. Additional changes downstream of the ketamine-induced changes in extrasynaptic GluN2B included rescuing the downregulated expression of p-CREB, BDNF, and GluR1 and reversing the impaired induction of LTP in the hippocampus induced by LPS.

Conclusion

These results indicate that extrasynaptic CaMKIIα plays a key role in the cellular mechanism of ketamine's antidepressant effect and is related to the down-regulation of extrasynaptic GluN2B localization and phosphorylation and further affects synaptic plasticity.