bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Model Konsiderasi dan Klarifikasi Nilai dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Afektif Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Fisika
Authors: Fahrunnisa Syifa Alfiah , Kusdiwelirawan Acep , Hidayat Mirzanur
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine the models and criteria for increasing affective femininity. This research was conducted at SMAN 1 Ciruas in the first semester of the 2018-2019 school year. This study emphasizes 34 models of consideration and value classification. This study uses a qualitative and quantitative approach with descriptive analysis methods. After the learning process model is considered and adjusted to the CIPP program (Context, Input, Process, Products) The results of the study show that: (1) There is an increase in effective ability in the learning model of consideration and classification of values ​​(2) there is a meeting of cognitive and psychomotor abilities. (3) Evaluation of the model of product variable consideration is 79,35 at 72,91≤ Score < 93,74 means that it includes the Effective category. (4) Product variables in the model average value of 82,14 in 72,91 ≤ Score < 93,74 is included in the effective category.
APPROACHES TO KNOWLEDGE EXTRACTION IN SCIENTIFIC SUBJECT DOMAINS
Authors: Тучкова Н.П. , Атаева О.М.
Published: September 2020

Изучается проблема извлечения знаний из разнородных оцифрованных данных. Дается обзор метрических характеристик, применимых к сравнению предметных областей по формальным признакам. Обсуждаются методы искусственного интеллекта, используемые для классификации информационных ресурсов по предметным областям, и области их применения. Приложения иллюстрируются на примере математических предметных областей.
SIMULATION OF THE SINGLE-PHASE TWO-LEVEL AUTONOMOUS VOLTAGE INVERTER WITH FREQUENCY-PULSE MODULATION
Authors: Дунаев М.П. , Довудов С.У.
Published: September 2020

Научная статья посвящается моделированию однофазного двухуровневого инвертора напряжения (АИН) с частотно-импульсной модуляцией (ЧИМ). Модель реализована в среде MATLAB R2019a с использованием блоков из библиотеки Simulink/Simscape. Описаны основные элементы библиотеки Simscape. Разработана и смоделирована схема АИН с ЧИМ с использованием блоков из библиотеки Simscape. Полученные диаграммы АИН с ЧИМ показали, что частота в середине периода ЧИМ в 3 раза больше относительно краев. Также получены диаграммы тока и напряжения на активной и активно-индуктивной нагрузке АИН.
Chieftaincy and the implantation of Christianity: An analysis of the contact between the Chiefs and Europeans in the latter’s missionary activities in Ghana, 1482-1969.
Authors: Assanful Vincent
Published: September 2020

Chieftaincy as an institution was in existence before the advent of the Europeans in West Africa in the second decade of the fifteenth century. The Europeans first arrived on the coast of modern Ghana in 1471. Christianity, on the other hand, started in the Gold Coast in 1482 when Don Diego d’Azambuja came to the country with some European Christian missionaries, (E.C.M.) specifically, the Roman Catholic priests from Portugal. As foreigners, the E.C.M. needed to contact the indigenes. The Chiefs, both political and religious leaders, were the first point of call by these missionaries as custom demands. As custodians of the land, the Chiefs provided places for the construction of chapels and other social amenities set up by the various Christian missions which operated tin Ghana. This meant that there was an interaction between the Chiefs and the EC.Ms. in Ghana. This paper, which is multi-sourced, uses archival data, interviews and scholarly secondary sources in the form of books and journal articles, to examine how the E.C.M. fared in the hands of the Chiefs in Ghana (the Gold Coast). To this end, the paper offers an overview of the position of the chiefs in pre-colonial and colonial Ghana, the historical interaction between the chiefs and the E.C.M. The paper argues that the efforts of the E.C.M. in Ghana would have been fruitless had it not been the support they received from the host communities led by their chiefs.
Galaxy Zoo Builder: Four-component Photometric Decomposition of Spiral Galaxies Guided by Citizen Science
Authors: Lingard Timothy K. , Masters Karen L. , Krawczyk Coleman , Lintott Chris , Kruk Sandor , Simmons Brooke , Simpson Robert , Bamford Steven , Nichol Robert C. , Baeten Elisabeth
Published: September 2020

Multicomponent modeling of galaxies is a valuable tool in the effort to quantitatively understand galaxy evolution, yet the use of the technique is plagued by issues of convergence, model selection, and parameter degeneracies. These issues limit its application over large samples to the simplest models, with complex models being applied only to very small samples. We attempt to resolve this dilemma of “quantity or quality” by developing a novel framework, built inside the Zooniverse citizen-science platform, to enable the crowdsourcing of model creation for Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxies. We have applied the method, including a final algorithmic optimization step, on a test sample of 198 galaxies, and examine the robustness of this new method. We also compare it to automated fitting pipelines, demonstrating that it is possible to consistently recover accurate models that either show good agreement with, or improve on, prior work. We conclude that citizen science is a promising technique for modeling images of complex galaxies, and release our catalog of models.
The Radio/X-Ray Burst from SGR 1935+2154: Radiation Mechanisms and the Possible QPOs
Authors: Wang 王界 Jie-Shuang 双
Published: September 2020

Recently, a fast radio burst (FRB)-like event was found to be associated with a Galactic magnetar, SGR 1935+2154, accompanied by an X-ray burst. We find this radio burst challenges the typical emission mechanisms involving magnetars, which includes coherent curvature radiation from charged bunches, fast magnetosonic (FMS) waves, synchrotron maser from shocks, and the pulsar-like mechanism for low-twist magnetars. More specifically, we find that (1) the X-rays are most likely to be produced inside the magnetosphere. (2) For the coherent curvature radiation from the decay of the Alfvén wave, it will generally predict a duration (≲0.1 ms) smaller than observations, because of the strong twists of magnetic field lines and the internal damping of Alfvén waves. (3) The FMS wave model predicts a very low emission frequency ν
p ∼ 0.03 MHz ≪ GHz, unless it is produced inside the magnetosphere. But the absorption effect of the magnetospheric FMS wave model remains to be studied. (4) The synchrotron maser model is challenged because observations show that the peaks in both X-ray and radio light curves are with the same temporal separation Δt
FRB = Δt

γ
 ≈ 0.03 s, while it would predict Δt
FRB ≪ Δt

γ
. (5) It seems to be difficult to directly apply the low-twist pulsar-like mechanism to flaring magnetars, as magnetar activity can significantly deform the magnetosphere. (6) We suggested four possibilities to study the general properties of FRBs for future observations, especially the possibility of identifying quasi-periodic oscillations with period ∼1–10 ms in double/multiple-peaked FRBs.
Tracing the Assembly of the Milky Way’s Disk through Abundance Clustering
Authors: Ratcliffe Bridget L. , Ness Melissa K. , Johnston Kathryn V. , Sen Bodhisattva
Published: September 2020

A major goal in the field of galaxy formation is to understand the formation of the Milky Way’s disk. The first step toward doing this is to empirically describe its present state. We use the new high-dimensional data set of 19 abundances from 27,135 red clump Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment stars to examine the distribution of clusters defined using abundances. We explore different dimension reduction techniques and implement a nonparametric agglomerate hierarchical clustering method. We see that groups defined using abundances are spatially separated, as a function of age. Furthermore, the abundance groups represent different distributions in the [Fe/H]–age plane. Ordering our clusters by age reveals patterns suggestive of the sequence of chemical enrichment in the disk over time. Our results indicate that a promising avenue to trace the details of the disk’s assembly is via a full interpretation of the empirical connections we report.
13 yr of P Cygni Spectropolarimetry: Investigating Mass Loss through Hα, Periodicity, and Ellipticity
Authors: Gootkin Keyan , Dorn-Wallenstein Trevor , Lomax Jamie R. , Eadie Gwendolyn , Levesque Emily M. , Babler Brian , Hoffman Jennifer L. , Meade Marilyn R. , Nordsieck Kenneth , Wisniewski John P.
Published: September 2020

We report on over 13 yr of optical and near-ultraviolet spectropolarimetric observations of the famous luminous blue variable (LBV) P Cygni. In the lives of the most massive stars, LBVs are a critical transitional phase and achieve the largest mass-loss rates of any group of stars. Using spectropolarimetry, we are able to learn about the geometry of the near-circumstellar environment surrounding P Cygni and gain insights into LBV mass loss. Using data from the HPOL and WUPPE spectropolarimeters, we estimate the interstellar polarization contribution to P Cygni’s spectropolarimetric signal, analyze the variability of the polarization across the Hα emission line, search for periodic signals in the data, and introduce a statistical method to search for preferred position angles in deviations from spherical symmetry that is novel to astronomy. Our data are consistent with previous findings, showing free electron scattering off of clumps uniformly distributed around the star. This is complicated, however, by structure in the percent polarization of the Hα line and a series of previously undetected periodicities.
The Ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Sri Lanka: a taxonomic research summary and updated checklist
Authors: Dias Ratnayake Kaluarachchige Sriyani , Guénard Benoit , Akbar Shahid Ali , Economo Evan P. , Udayakantha Warnakulasuriyage Sudesh , Wachkoo Aijaz Ahmad
Published: September 2020

An updated checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Sri Lanka is presented. These include representatives of eleven of the 17 known extant subfamilies with 341 valid ant species in 79 genera.Lioponera longitarsusMayr, 1879 is reported as a new species country record for Sri Lanka. Notes about type localities, depositories, and relevant references to each species record are given. Accounts of the dubious and some undetermined species from Sri Lanka are also provided. 82 species (24%) are endemic whereas 18 species that are non-native to Sri Lanka are recorded. The list provides a synthesis of the regional taxonomical work carried out to date and will serve as a baseline for future studies on the ant fauna of this biodiversity hotspot.
Discourses of Hindi film fandom and the confluence of the popular, the public, and the political
Authors: Mitra Sreya
Published: September 2020

Indian fandom reconstituted as a more participatory culture with the emergence of online cyber communities in the late 1990s to early 2000s, a move accompanied by shifts in the Indian mediascape. With increasing synergy among film, television, and digital media, Bollywood stars were consequently remade as transmedia celebrities. Bollywood stars use digital media such as Twitter and Instagram for promotion and publicity, but such use has created a new type of Bollywood fan: the internet troll. As film personalities now actively engage with social media, incessantly tweeting and sharing pictures, the line has blurred between the reel and the real, the public and the private. Fans having perceived access to the private, off-screen personas of their film idols has further complicated both discourses of contemporary Bollywood stardom and fandom. Stars' and fan's engagement and interaction on social media reveals the so-called disrespectful troll to be not merely a more active participant but a fundamental reworking of the relationship between star and fan, which had been founded primarily on admiration and veneration. This reworking has provided a space for political mobilization in the Indian (online) public space offered by digital platforms and social networking sites.
Identity, curated branding, and the star cosplayer's pursuit of Instagram fame
Authors: Haborak Fiona Katie
Published: September 2020

In response to the digital landscape, the nature of cosplay, in which the cosplayer constructs an identity complementary to the character via costuming, has changed from a performative expression of fandom appreciation to a desire to achieve viral fame. As a signifier of popular culture, such so-called star cosplayers commodify their bodies to market a social identity through the curatorial process of displaying work on Instagram. A creative project, ".//wired: TRENDING," promotes the aesthetic value and function of cosplay while utilizing social media to create an identity brand for endorsement.
Reimagining fan studies in the age of Covid-19 and Black Lives Matter
Authors: Hayashi Aya Esther
Published: September 2020

We in the United States are living in the midst of two pandemics: Covid-19, which is affecting communities of color at an absurdly disproportionate rate, and a renewed spate of murders of Black people at the hands of police. They reveal the depths of racial inequity and injustice in our country. This is a crisis—a turning point where many of us are wondering what we can do better and how we can be better. For us in fan studies, will we finally face the white supremacy embedded in our discipline and take steps to become an antiracist discipline?
El Goce del Supremo Texto Abierto de Augusto Roa Bastos
Authors: Courthès Eric
Published: September 2020

En este artículo, procuré demostrar que el genio narrativo de Roa Bastos no sólo procede de su lucha mediante el Verbo contra la dictadura y sus dos exilios consecutivos sino también, y sobre todo, de la Lección de Escritura que nos da el Dictador-Compilador-Autor en Yo el Supremo. En efecto, en esta obra, el autor nos da la ilusión de que el texto se genera a sí mismo: endotexto, y que el lector, al volverse un “ser ficticio y autónomo”, como lo reza Roa en la última “Nota del Compilador”, está condenado a la re-escritura: exotexto, o sea que su obra es abierta también. Desde la voz del Dictador, desde el genotexto de Kristeva, desde el lugar de la significancia, desde la oralidad guaraní, parten múltiples placeres del texto a lo Roland Barthes, que terminan juntándose en el verdadero Goce Textual de una Obra Abierta, deconstruyendo la máquina de Escribir.
Graphic Interlude
Authors: Kuhn Georgia , Russell Andrew J. , Evans Walker , Highsmith Carol M. , Bakewell Robert , Timbs John , Delano Jack
Published: September 2020

This graphic interlude features a selection of photographs which can illustrate the topic of this issue: “Angles and limes”.
Tammy Berberi on Disability studies
Authors: Berberi Tammy , Antolin Pascale
Published: September 2020

This interview of Tammy Berberi, Associate Professor at the University of Minnesota, discusses the advent and challenges of disability studies in the United States and in Europe.
Corpo-real: in situ
Authors: Grimaud Natacha , Galopin Alexandre
Published: September 2020

This choreographed experimentation was built around the notion of one’s corporeality and how it interacts with its surroundings and the other. How are the outdoor setting’s lines and outlines blend or break with that of the dancers? How do the body and nature contrast and resonate with one another, in harmony or discord, yet seemingly and continuously reaching a status quo where one does not consume the other. She and he, alone with nature, play with its rules and its rights, turning a stable yet fluid space into an extension of themselves. The two distinctive bodies in their shapes, movements and corporeal qualities end up trying to find a balance with each other while maintaining one’s singular corporeality as well as one’s indefectible link with space. The solo becomes a duo, and the duo becomes a trio in which spatial conceptions adjust and become one and the same for the two dancing bodies, turning space into a common place where the imperceptible becomes palpable: a catalyst through which harmonious togetherness can be found and fulfilled.
‘Bias Cut’
Authors: Cox Ailsa
Published: September 2020

‘Bias Cut’ is an original piece of short fiction inspired by the art and writings of Leonora Carrington (1917-2011). It was written for a reading in her honour at the Tate museum, Liverpool, during the exhibition ‘Leonora Carrington: Britain’s Lost Surrealist’ in April 2015.
Graphic Interlude
Authors: McLaren James , Constantine Elaine , Orr Casey
Published: September 2020

This graphic interlude features a selection of photographs which can illustrate the topic of this issue: “New Approaches to The Body: Performance, Experimentations”.
Photographing the Miner's Strike at Lea Hall Colliery, 1984-1987: Interview with photographer Nigel Dickinson
Authors: Bertrand Mathilde
Published: September 2020

In the spring of 1984, a few months after the beginning of the Miner's Strike against pit closures, Nigel Dickinson joined the struggle of the miners and their families at Lea Hall colliery, a "minority pit" in Staffordshire, photographing all aspects of a dispute which went on for a year. His involvement with the community continued after the strike ended. Collectively, the Lea Hall Strike Centre used Dickinson's photographs for an exhibition shown around the country as well as a book entitled Hanging On By Your Fingernails (Spokesman Press, 1987). In this interview Nigel Dickinson talks about his personal involvement and working conditions, emphasizing the construction of a sense of collective action which the photographs contributed to sustain.
Graphic Interlude: Creating the Enemy
Authors: Seuss Geisel Theodor , Smolan Rick , Cohen David
Published: September 2020

This graphic interlude features pictures illustrating this issue’s topic: creating the enemy.
The Scritti Africani of Professor Antonino Di Vita
Authors: Mattingly David J.
Published: September 2020

The publication of a two volume compendium of
the key work on Roman Africa by Professor Antonino di Vita provides a
suitable moment to review his career achievements. The main focus of
his work was Tripolitania, with a particular emphasis on the great
cities of Sabratha and Lepcis Magna, but the Scritti Africani
demonstrate the extraordinary range of his expertise and
interests.
Video 1- Pioneros latinoamericanos – Contexto histórico.
Authors: Badani Pat , Hemmer Rafael Lozano
Published: September 2020

Duración 5:22. Filmada por Pat Badani en el atelier del artista, en Montreal (QC), Canadá. 05/26/17
Video 3 - Estados de emergencia y resistencia social.
Authors: Badani Pat , Hemmer Rafael Lozano
Published: September 2020

Video 3 - Estados de emergencia y resistencia social. Duración 11:40. Filmada por Pat Badani en el atelier del artista, en Montreal (QC), Canadá. 05/26/17
Artelogie N°13 : Entretiens avec Patricia Díaz-Inostroza et Rodrigo Torres Alvarado.
Authors: Alvarado Patricia Díaz-Inostroza et
Published: September 2020

Los mundos culturales de Violeta, sus metamorfosis, su tránsito entre lo culto y lo popular, su relación con las instituciones del arte y de la cultura, su complejidad, su libertad creativa, sus luchas sociales y políticas, su trashumancia el componente de género en su trayectoria biográfica y artística.

Les mondes culturels de Violeta Parra, leurs métamorphoses, la culture érudite et la culture populaire, leur relation avec les institutions de l'art et de la culture, leur complexité, leur liberté créatrice, les luttes sociales et politiques, la transhumance, la dimension de genre dans sa trajectoire biographique et artistique.
Entrevista com Pablo José Montoya
Authors: Cuartas Pablo , Jiménez Iván , Bogoya Camilo
Published: September 2020

Pablo José Montoya es Primer Premio del Concurso Nacional de Cuento “Germán Vargas” (1993). En 1999 el Centro Nacional del Libro de Francia le otorgó una beca para escritores extranjeros por su libro Viajeros. El libro Habitantes ganó en el 2000 el premio Autores Antioqueños. Réquiem por un fantasma fue premiado por la Alcaldía de Medellín en el 2015 y el mismo año obtuvo el Premio Rómulo Gallegos con su novela "Tríptico de la Infamia". Ha participado en diferentes antologías de cuento y poesía colombiana y latinoamericana. Realizó estudios de música en la Escuela Superior de música de Tunja. Hizo la licenciatura en filosofía y letras en la Universidad Santo Tomás de Aquino en Bogotá. Igualmente, obtuvo la maestría y el doctorado en Estudios Hispánicos y Latinoamericanos en la Universidad de la Sorbonne Nouvelle (París III). Sus traducciones de escritores franceses y africanos, sus ensayos sobre música, literatura y pintura, han sido publicados en diferentes revistas y periódicos de América Latina y Europa. Actualmente es profesor de literatura en la Universidad de Antioquia. Es escritor asociado de la Red Nacional de Talleres de Literatura (Renata) del Ministerio de Cultura de Colombia. Ha publicado los siguientes libros:En cuento: Cuentos de Niquía (Vericuetos, París, 1996), La sinfónica y otros cuentos musicales (El propio bolsillo, Medellín, 1997), Habitantes (Indigo, París, 1999), Razia (Eafit, Medellín, 2001), Réquiem por un fantasma (Hombre Nuevo Editores, Medellín, 2006), El beso de la noche (Panamericana, Bogotá, 2010) y Adiós a los próceres (Random House-Mondadori, Bogotá, 2010).En poesía: Viajeros (Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 1999, Tragaluz Editores, Medellín, 2011), Cuaderno de París (Eafit, Medellín, 2006), Trazos (Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 2007) y Solo una luz de agua : Francisco de Asís y Giotto (Tragaluz Editores, Medellín, 2009).En ensayo: Música de pájaros (Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 2005), Novela histórica en Colombia 1988-2008: entre la pompa y el fracaso (Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 2009), Un Robinson cercano, diez ensayos sobre literatura francesa del siglo XX (Eafit, Medellín, 2013) y La música en la obra de Alejo Carpentier (La carreta Editores, Medellín, 2013).En novela: La sed del ojo (Eafit, Medellín, 2004), Lejos de Roma (Alfaguara, Bogotá, 2008) y Los derrotados (Sílaba Editores, Medellín, 2012).
Human hair in contemporary art: conservation issues and solutions
Authors: Pirotte Amélie
Published: September 2020

L'étude explore l'utilisation de cheveux humains dans l'art contemporain  à travers des oeuvres d'art de l'artiste belge Hélène de Gottal. Elle emploie la technique traditionnelle utilisée par les dentellières, ainsi que des fixatifs de cheveux, pour créer des masques utilisant son visage comme modèle. Les cheveux humains sont une matière organique fragile qui est sensible à la lumière, la température et l'humidité relative.
The mist-lining technique: a look into the mechanical performance and the adhesive bond strength of selected lining materials
Authors: Contreras L. Bertomeu , López L. Fuster , Escuder A. Vicente
Published: September 2020

Le rentoilage et le doublage ont pour but le renforcement du support affaibli d'une peinture sur toile, en général par l'adhérence d'une nouvelle toile. Comme décrit dans la littérature spécialisée, parmi les exigences techniques d'un tel traitement, la nouvelle structure doit avoir une rigidité et une récupération élastique importante. Il y est également mentionné l'utilisation de matériaux non hygroscopique, isotropique et hautement réversible. Cette étude a comme but d'évaluer les aspects qui dirigent la force d'adhérence du mist-lining, une technique de doublage développer durant la dernière décennie aux Pays-Bas qui consiste à pulvériser une dispersion acrylique sur la toile de doublage et à la réactivation de cet adhésif par des vapeurs de solvants.
Recombining Place
Authors: Odendaal Nancy
Published: September 2020

The lockdown response taken by many governments in flattening the curve of coronavirus infections has of course increased the reliance on digital tools to enable work (for those able to do so) and social interaction. There are emergent, somewhat contingent, and coproductive dynamics at work between platforms and urban life and space with the contextual specificities of each, no doubt, leading to different ICT-informed solutions. In South Africa, the state has taken a phased but stronghold approach with unfortunate impacts on livelihoods and food security, especially those in the informal economy and those with part-time or insecure employment. The community action network (CAN) initiative started as a means to enable neighbourhood assistance through WhatsApp groups in Cape Town. In this article, the author reflects on how this initiative reflects the early hopes of William Mitchell (and others) that saw the potential for informational spaces to become more democratic as interfaces of connection. In Cape Town, one may see Mitchell's vision fulfilled.
Revisiting the Pig IGHC Gene Locus in Different Breeds Uncovers Nine Distinct IGHG Genes
Authors: Zhang Ming , Li Zhenrong , Li Jingying , Huang Tian , Peng Gaochuang , Tang Wenda , Yi Guoqiang , Zhang Lifan , Song Yu , Liu Tianran , Hu Xiaoxiang , Ren Liming , Liu Honglin , Butler John E. , Han Haitang , Zhao Yaofeng
Published: September 2020

IgG subclass diversification is common in placental mammals. It has been well documented in humans and mice that different IgG subclasses, with diversified functions, synergistically regulate humoral immunity. However, our knowledge on the genomic and functional diversification of IgG subclasses in the pig, a mammalian species with high agricultural and biomedical importance, is incomplete. Using bacterial artificial chromosome sequencing and newly assembled genomes generated by the PacBio sequencing approach, we characterized and mapped the IgH C region gene locus in three indigenous Chinese breeds (Erhualian, Xiang, and Luchuan) and compared them to that of Duroc. Our data revealed that IGHG genes in Chinese pigs differ from the Duroc, whereas the IGHM, IGHD, IGHA, and IGHE genes were all single copy and highly conserved in the pig breeds examined. Most striking were differences in numbers of IGHG genes: there are seven genes in Erhualian pigs, six in the Duroc, but only five in Xiang pigs. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that all reported porcine IGHG genes could be classified into nine subclasses: IGHG1, IGHG2a, IGHG2b, IGHG2c, IGHG3, IGHG4, IGHG5a, IGHG5b, and IGHG5c. Using sequence information, we developed a mouse mAb specific for IgG3. This study offers a starting point to investigate the structure-function relationship of IgG subclasses in pigs.
Small-Molecule Inhibitor of 8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase 1 Regulates Inflammatory Responses duringPseudomonas aeruginosaInfection
Authors: Qin Shugang , Lin Ping , Wu Qun , Pu Qinqin , Zhou Chuanmin , Wang Biao , Gao Pan , Wang Zhihan , Gao Ashley , Overby Madison , Yang Jinliang , Jiang Jianxin , Wilson David L. , Tahara Yu-ki , Kool Eric T. , Xia Zhenwei , Wu Min
Published: September 2020

The DNA repair enzyme 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1), which excises 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine lesions induced in DNA by reactive oxygen species, has been linked to the pathogenesis of lung diseases associated with bacterial infections. A recently developed small molecule, SU0268, has demonstrated selective inhibition of OGG1 activity; however, its role in attenuating inflammatory responses has not been tested. In this study, we report that SU0268 has a favorable effect on bacterial infection both in mouse alveolar macrophages (MH-S cells) and in C57BL/6 wild-type mice by suppressing inflammatory responses, particularly promoting type I IFN responses. SU0268 inhibited proinflammatory responses during Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA14) infection, which is mediated by the KRAS–ERK1–NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, SU0268 induces the release of type I IFN by the mitochondrial DNA–cGAS–STING–IRF3–IFN-β axis, which decreases bacterial loads and halts disease progression. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the small-molecule inhibitor of OGG1 (SU0268) can attenuate excessive inflammation and improve mouse survival rates during PA14 infection. This strong anti-inflammatory feature may render the inhibitor as an alternative treatment for controlling severe inflammatory responses to bacterial infection.
Influenza Vaccine–Induced CD4 Effectors Require Antigen Recognition at an Effector Checkpoint to Generate CD4 Lung Memory and Antibody Production
Authors: Xia Jingya , Kuang Yi , Liang Jialing , Jones Michael , Swain Susan L.
Published: September 2020

Previously, we discovered that influenza-generated CD4 effectors must recognize cognate Ag at a defined effector checkpoint to become memory cells. Ag recognition was also required for efficient protection against lethal influenza infection. To extend these findings, we investigated if vaccine-generated effectors would have the same requirement. We compared live infection with influenza to an inactivated whole influenza vaccine. Live infection provided strong, long-lasting Ag presentation that persisted through the effector phase. It stimulated effector generation, long-lived CD4 memory generation, and robust generation of Ab-producing B cells. In contrast, immunization with an inactivated virus vaccine, even when enhanced by additional Ag-pulsed APC, presented Ag for 3 d or less and generated few CD4 memory cells or long-lived Ab-producing B cells. To test if checkpoint Ag addition would enhance this vaccine response, we immunized mice with inactivated vaccine and injected Ag-pulsed activated APC at the predicted effector checkpoint to provide Ag presentation to the effector CD4 T cells. This enhanced generation of CD4 memory, especially tissue-resident memory in the lung, long-lived bone marrow Ab-secreting cells, and influenza-specific IgG Ab. All responses increased as we increased the density of peptide Ag on the APC to high levels. This suggests that CD4 effectors induced by inactivated vaccine require high levels of cognate Ag recognition at the effector checkpoint to most efficiently become memory cells. Thus, we suggest that nonlive vaccines will need to provide high levels of Ag recognition throughout the effector checkpoint to optimize CD4 memory generation.
Influence of parent material on organic phosphorus fractions in vineyard soils in Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: Assunção Shirlei Almeida , Pereira Marcos Gervasio , Dortzbach Denilson , Silva Neto Eduardo Carvalho da
Published: September 2020

Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for vineyard productivity. This study assessed the influence of parent material on organic P fractions in vineyard soils of basaltic and rhyodacitic origin. The experiment was conducted in four municipalities located in mountainous regions in Santa Catarina, Brazil: Urubici, São Joaquim, Campos Novos, and Água Doce. Disturbed soil samples were collected between grapevine rows at depths of 0.00–0.05, 0.05–0.10, 0.10–0.20, and 0.20–0.40 m. Soil chemical attributes (pH in H2O, Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, P, K+, and H + Al), total organic carbon (TOC), available and residual P, labile P (extracted with sodium bicarbonate), moderately labile P (extracted with sulfuric acid), and moderately resistant P (extracted with sodium hydroxide) were determined. Soil parent material influenced the dynamics of phosphorus in vineyard soils. Both P forms (available and solution equilibrium P) and P organic fractions (labile, moderately labile, and moderately resistant P), are affected by the parent material. Basaltic soils had higher TOC, available and residual P, and moderately labile and moderately resistant P, whereas rhyodacitic soils showed higher labile P. The high levels of moderately labile and moderately resistant P fractions in basaltic soil were attributed to its high TOC, available P, and residual P contents. Parent material was found to influence organic P fractions in vineyard soils.
Brazilian offshore oil exploration areas: an overview of hydrocarbon pollution
Authors: Zacharias Daniel Constantino , Fornaro Adalgiza
Published: September 2020

The basins of Campos and Santos, the most important offshore oil reserves in Brazil, hold potential for being the largest offshore oil exploration fields in the next decades, mainly due to the oil located in the pre-salt layer. This region presents real conditions for the occurrence of intense atmospheric events added to the high velocity of the meanders of the Brazilian current. However, the increasing risk of accidents and damage in the region has been the subject of concern and discussion. The risks in the basins of Campos (2011) and Santos (2012) may not exhibit the the same potential for disastrous events as do those in the oil fields of Alaska and of the Gulf of Mexico, but accidents in these areas are not unlikely, as already evidenced by previous accidents under similar operating conditions (e.g. Chevron Platform accident in Campos Basin, RJ, Brazil, 2011). This paper highlights discussion of the multidisciplinary and substantial environmental features in oil exploration fields along the Brazilian coast based on Semi-Systematic Review methodology. The aspects evaluated cover not only geological traits, oceanic and meteorological circulation, but also current oil production, the most significant oil spill accidents recorded up to 2019 and the discussion about some current levels of seawater contamination.
Prevalence of Salmonella organisms in fresh and smoke-dried fish within parts of Kaduna metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Esonu D.O. , Maikai B.V. , Oghumu A.J.
Published: September 2020

Aquatic environments are the major reservoirs of Salmonella and fishery products have been recognized as major carrier of food-borne pathogens. To determine the prevalence of Salmonella in fish, 112 fresh and smoke-dried fish samples were pre-enriched and enriched with buffered peptone water and selenite broth respectively, before plating on Desoxycholate Citrate Agar. Of the 112 samples, 75% (84/112) were contaminated with non-lactose fermenters. Upon subjecting them to biochemical tests, 13.1% (11/84) of the Salmonella suspects showed reactions consistent with that of Salmonella species, Proteus 65.5% (55/84) and Citrobacter 21.4% (18/84) species. The total prevalence of Salmonella out of the 112 fish sampled was 9.8% (11/112). Salmonella species was slightly higher in the fiber tank farm 12.9% (95% CI: 5.134-28.852) than in the earthen pond 12.1% (95% CI: 4.816-27.326) but this association was not significant (Fishers exact test=1.0). Prevalence was higher in fresh fish 12.5% (95% CI: 6.472-22.775) compared to smoke-dried fish 6.25% (95% CI: 2.148-16.835), though this association was not statistically significant (Fishers exact test= 0.347). Among the dried fish, the prevalence was higher 9.5% (95% CI: 0.017-0.289) in the weight range 30-49.9g compared to the smallest weight range of 10-29.9g with prevalence of 4.0% (95% CI: 0.002-0.195). For the fresh fish, the prevalence was higher 14.04% (95% CI: 7.287-25.324) in shorter length fish of 20-39cm than the lengthier ones of 40-49cm with 0.0% (95% CI: 0.000-35.433) prevalence. This study has demonstrated the presence of Salmonella species in fresh and smoke-dried fish in parts of Kaduna metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria. This is of public health significance and poses a potential risk especially among immunocompromised consumers.

Keywords: Biochemical test, Earthen pond, Fresh fish, Fiber tank, Prevalence, Salmonella, Smoke-dried fish
Health hazards of abattoir effluents discharged from the Sokoto central abattoir, Nigeria
Authors: Garba B. , Salihu M.D. , Saidu B. , Rambo U.G.
Published: September 2020

This study was undertaken to determine the level of water pollution that can be attributed to effluents discharged from the Sokoto Central abattoir. Both surface and well water samples from the abattoir and adjacent wells were investigated to determine their microbial and physicochemical properties. Samples were collected from five different spots that include; effluents from the abattoir where visceral organs are washed (sample point A), two wells located in the adjacent livestock market (sample point B and C), drainage outside the abattoir (sample point D) and another well downstream the abattoir used for irrigation farming (sample point E). The values for pH, were 7.2, 8.0, 7.5 and 6.8 for all the sampling sites respectively. Similarly, the values of nitrate and BOD recorded were all within the acceptable limit except for point A which had nitrate (60.0 mgl-1) and BOD (26.8 mgl-1) above the acceptable limit. While the total coliforms, for sampling point A and D were found to be very high. There was a significant difference in the quality of water from the studied samples in comparison with the acceptable standard especially with respect to total coliform, BOD, COD, and nitrates. The findings from this study indicate that abattoirs have the potential to contaminate and pollute water sources which may produce a detrimental effect on the quality of groundwater despite the sieving process. Hence, measures should be taken to prevent locating abattoirs in close proximity to human dwellings. Similarly, for the existing ones encroached by human habitation, effective pollution control measures such as treatment of hazardous waste and minimizing the use of chemicals for industrial and agricultural purposes should be taken in order to preserve the quality of groundwater and minimize the potential resultant health effect caused by such contaminants.

Keywords: Abattoir effluents, Health hazards, Sokoto State, Water quality, Waste water
The veterinary perspective of COVID-19
Authors: Lawal N. , Onoja A.B.
Published: September 2020

Coronaviridae is a family of RNA viruses responsible for two previous epidemics of viral pneumonia and related illnesses: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in 2002 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome in 2012. The current COVID-19 pandemic is caused by a new member of the family Coronaviridae, named SARS-CoV-2 which emerged in December, 2019 in Wuhan, China. Infected persons present with severe respiratory illness including pneumonia. There have been reports of confirmed cases in different animal species that became infected with SARS-CoV-2, suggesting possible reverse zoonosis. In this review, we discussed the origin, biology, genome organization, replication and virus entry into host cells, immune mechanisms, epidemiological trends, prevention and control strategies employed in combating the threat posed by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords: COVID-19, Epidemiological trend, Pandemic, SARS-CoV-2
Comparative anatomy of wild adult tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) ovary during rainy and dry periods in Zaria, Nigeria
Authors: Muazu T.A. , Sulaiman M.H. , Hambolu J.
Published: September 2020

The study was undertaken to investigate the effects of rainy and dry periods on the gross and histological features of ovaries of Oreochromis niloticus in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Twenty-four (24) adult wild tilapia fish with average weight of 300.17 ± 25.71 gm and 229.94 ± 23.68 gm was used during rainy and dry periods, respectively. They measured a standard body length of 24.00 ± 0.76 cm and 23.83±0.60 cm during rainy and dry periods, respectively. The fish were sourced from Zaria dam and transported live in open plastic troughs containing clean water to the Gross Anatomy Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria. Each fish was euthanized using tricaine anaesthetic at 8 drops/litre of water. The ovaries were extracted, weighed and fixed in Bouin’s fluid for 24 hours and processed histologically. Grossly, the ovaries of O. niloticus were highly vascularized and well developed during both rainy and dry periods. The average weight of both ovaries showed insignificant variation across the periods (0.125). The Gonado-somatic index value was insignificantly higher during rainy period (0.115) compared to dry period. Histologically, the ovaries were predominated by vitellogenic and post-vitellogenic follicles across both periods of the year. The tunica albuginea and interstitial connective tissues were thin during both periods. In conclusion, the results in this study revealed that adult wild tilapia fish had developed ovaries with predominant mature follicles during both rainy and dry periods suggesting that adult wild tilapia fish spawns during both rainy and dry periods in Zaria, Nigeria.

Keywords: Follicles, Gonado-Somatic Index (GSI), Ovaries, Wild tilapia, Zaria dam
Purification Potentials of Activated Carbon from Chrysophyllum albidum Seed Shells on Petroleum Fractions.
Authors: Osabohien E. , Agbanashi C.
Published: September 2020

This research work investigates the use of locally sourced activated carbon as adsorbent in removing impurities and odoriferous substances from some petroleum fractions. The activated carbon was prepared from Crysophyllum abidum (cherry) seed shells. The seed shells were cracked to remove the seeds, washed, dried and pulverized. The powder was carbonized in a furnace at 500 0C, cooled and screened with a 100μm sized sieve. The carbonized powder was impregnated with phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide in a mixture ratio of 2:1, stirred vigorously for activation and kept in an oven to dry at 110 0C for 2 h. The activated carbon was washed and dried to constant weight, and in comparison with the commercial type were characterized in terms of the moisture, ash, volatile matter contents, pH, bulk density, iodine adsorption number, silica content and percentage yield and gave 2.20%, 1.50%, 83.50%, 7.15, 0.45 g/cm3, 61.01 mg/g, 0.25% and 22.50% respectively. The activated carbon was applied in the purification of the petroleum fractions (dual purpose kerosene, DPK and premium motor spirit, PMS). The observed density, specific gravity (S.G), initial and final boiling points, flash point, ethanol content and research octane number (RON) of the petroleum fractions before and after the purification process were measured, the results showed that the treated DPK and PMS had improved properties due to the purification potentials of the activated carbons applied on them. The locally sourced activated carbon performed almost as well as the commercial type used, with slight inferiority in RON enhancement. Keywords: Chrysophyllum albidum seed shell, activated carbon, purification and petroleum fractions.
Preliminary investigation of transesterified waste cooking oil (WCO) as a biodiesel
Authors: Nnamani R. C. , Okwu P. N. , John B. , Abayeh O. J.
Published: September 2020

This research focuses on the production of cheap biodiesel from waste cooking oil [WCO], using the transesterification method. A disadvantage of biodiesel produced from virgin oils is that it is still more expensive than D2 petroleum diesel [diesel sold in filling stations]. The trust therefore of this study is the production of relatively cheap biodiesel, from a cheap feedstock. The conversion of the WCO involved the use of excess methanol and potassium hydroxide (as a homogenous catalyst), in a separatory funnel with vigorous agitation for 30 mins at a temperature of (40 0C). The mixture was thereafter allowed to stand overnight, and two layers were observed. The upper biodiesel [waste cooking oil methyl ester-WCOMe] layer was purified by washing with water [10ml x 5] and dried (anhydrous sodium sulphate). Improvised procedures were used to determine the following fuel quality parameters (viscosity, flash point, cloud point and pour point) and afforded 29.8 sec, 240 0C, 1.0 0C and 0.8 0C respectively. The reaction was conducted within 30 mins at 40 0C. Palm kernel oil methyl ester [PKOMe] was produced from palm kernel oil [PKO] using the same process for WCOMe and the cost of production based on feedstock price only compared. Use of WCO feedstock drastically reduced the production cost of WCOMe when compared to palm kernel oil methyl ester [PKOMe]. Production cost of WCOMe was free compared to N520.83 L-1 for PKOMe. The presence of fatty acid methyl esters in WCOMe and PKOMe was confirmed by GC. Waste cooking oil as feedstock for biodiesel should therefore be encouraged as it affords a relatively cheap fuel and remediates the disposal of WCO as an environmental hazard.
Isolation and Characterization of Oleanolic Acid Benzoate from the Ethylacetate Leaves Extracts of Vernonia ambigua (Kotschy Ex. Peyr)
Authors: Gwandu U. Z. , Dangoggo S. M. , Faruk U. Z. , Halilu E. M. , Yusuf A. J. , Mailafiya M. M.
Published: September 2020

Vernonia ambigua, an annual herb which belongs to the family Asteraceae/Compositae has been used in ethnomedicine to treat different ailments such as fungal infection, diarrhea and intestinal worm among others. The aim of the study was to isolate and characterize compound(s) from the leaves of V. ambigua. Powdered leaf of the plant were gradiently extracted with n-hexane, ethylacetate and methanol using Soxhlet extractor. The ethyl acetate extract was gradiently eluted in a silica gel column and further purified using preparative thin-layer chromatography which led to the isolation of colourless solid substance identified as Oleanolic acid benzoate via chemical tests, 1D-NMR analysis and by comparison with reference spectral data. After thorough exploration of the leaf extract of V. ambigua, using available techniques, it can be concluded that the leaf part of the plant contains a chemical compound suggested to be oleanolic acid benzoate.
PREPARATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM TEAK LEAVES FOR THE DECOLORIZATION OF PALM OIL
Authors: Ofulue E. I. Ofulue , Adekola F. A. , Adimula V. O
Published: September 2020

The bleaching efficiency of activated carbon prepared from teak leaves was investigated for the removal of pigments from palm oil. The adsorbents were activated using KOH and FeCl3 as activating agents. The effects of adsorbent dosage (2% - 6 %), contact time (15 min. – 90 min.) and temperature (30 °C – 80 °C) were studied, while the unactivated adsorbent was used as standard. The ash content, moisture content, volatile matter content, and fixed carbon content were determined and the adsorptive bleaching of palm oil investigated using 1.2 g activated carbon with 20 g crude palm oil. Bleaching efficiency was observed to be 93.09 % and 96.68 % for the KOH and FeCl3 activated adsorbent respectively, while the unactivated adsorbent was observed to have a bleaching efficiency of 89.21 %. The optimum bleaching efficiency was observed at a temperature of 70 °C, adsorbent dosage of 6 %, and contact time of 90 min. Results obtained suggests that teak leaves can be a source of low-cost adsorbent for the removal of pigments from palm oil which is of great relevance in obtaining a clean environment.
The Improvement of Critical Thinking Skills of Primary School Students Through Guided Inquiry Learning Models with Integrated Peer Instructions
Authors: Mohammad Alim Ahaddin  , Budi Jatmiko  , Zainul Arifin Imam Supardi
Published: September 2020

This research aims to describe the improvement of critical thinking skills of primary school students in the learning model of teaching Inquiry integrated peer instruction. A research sample is a Grade 5 primary school student with a total of 40 students. Research methods use experimental research with one group pre-test and post-test design. Data collection techniques using tests. The data analysis technique uses statistic inferential. Based on the results of the calculations using N-Gain, it is gained that there is an increase in the critical thinking skills of primary school students, i.e. 12 students gained a high upgrade category and 28 students gained a moderate upgrade category. In addition, it is obtained that students experience the guidance of learning both individually and in class. The result of guided Inquiry model integrated peer instruction provided effect so that there has been an improvement of critical thinking in primary school students. Further research is expected that all students can obtain high increases.