bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prädiktoren für den Behandlungsverlauf kognitiv-behavioraler Gruppentherapie einsatzbedingter Erkrankungen deutscher Bundeswehrsoldaten
Authors: Alliger-Horn Christina , Zimmermann Peter , Mitte Kristin
Published: November 2014

Hintergrund: Der Einfluss verschiedener Faktoren auf den Behandlungsverlauf kriegstraumatisierter deutscher Soldaten ist bisher nicht untersucht. Methoden: Die vorliegende Studie betrachtet erstmals den Einfluss störungsspezifischer und traumabezogener Prädiktoren auf den stationären Behandlungserfolg einsatzbedingter posttraumatischer Belastungsstörungen und komorbider psychischer Erkrankungen bei deutschen Bundeswehrsoldaten nach einer kognitiv-behavioralen Gruppentherapie. Weitere demografische und militärische Ausgangsvariablen werden explorativ analysiert. Ergebnisse: Die Anzahl der erlebten Traumatisierungen und die Summe der Komorbiditäten der Patienten zeigen sich als wesentliche Prädiktoren für die kurz- und langfristige Veränderung der Trauma- und Beschwerdesymptomatik innerhalb der Therapie. Schlussfolgerung: Konsequenzen für eine verbesserte stationäre therapeutische Versorgung traumatisierten Soldaten werden diskutiert.
Reinnervation of Renal Afferent and Efferent Nerves at 5.5 and 11 Months After Catheter-Based Radiofrequency Renal Denervation In Sheep
Authors: Booth Lindsea C. , Nishi Erika E. , Yao Song T. , Ramchandra Rohit , Lambert Gavin W. , Schlaich Markus P. , May Clive N.
Published: November 2014

Previous studies indicate that catheter-based renal denervation reduces blood pressure and renal norepinephrine spillover in human resistant hypertension. The effects of this procedure on afferent sensory and efferent sympathetic renal nerves, and the subsequent degree of reinnervation, have not been investigated. We therefore examined the level of functional and anatomic reinnervation at 5.5 and 11 months after renal denervation using the Symplicity Flex catheter. In normotensive anesthetized sheep (n=6), electric stimulation of intact renal nerves increased arterial pressure from 99±3 to 107±3 mm Hg (afferent response) and reduced renal blood flow from 198±16 to 85±20 mL/min (efferent response). In a further group (n=6), immediately after denervation, renal sympathetic nerve activity was absent and the responses to electric stimulation were abolished. At 11 months after denervation (n=5), renal sympathetic nerve activity and the responses to electric stimulation were at normal levels. Immunohistochemical staining for renal efferent (tyrosine hydroxylase) and renal afferent nerves (calcitonin gene–related peptide), as well as renal norepinephrine levels, was normal 11 months after denervation. Findings at 5.5 months after denervation were similar (n=5). In summary, catheter-based renal denervation effectively ablated the renal afferent and efferent nerves in normotensive sheep. By 11 months after denervation the functional afferent and efferent responses to electric stimulation were normal. Reinnervation at 11 months after denervation was supported by normal anatomic distribution of afferent and efferent renal nerves. In view of this evidence, the mechanisms underlying the prolonged hypotensive effect of catheter-based renal denervation in human resistant hypertension need to be reassessed.
The Role of the Guardian in Determining the Best Interest of the Separated Child Seeking Asylum in Europe: A Comparative Analysis of Systems of Guardianship in Belgium, Ireland and the Netherlands
Authors: Arnold Samantha , Goeman Martine , Fournier Katja
Published: November 2014

Separated children seeking asylum in Europe have the right to a representative, typically in the form of a guardian, and the right to have their best interests taken into account. These rights are articulated in the Council Directives and Regulations regulating the Common European Asylum System. The original language used around the time of developing the Common European Asylum System related to ‘harmonisation’. This article, therefore, looks at the level of harmonisation of the systems of guardianship, and the guardians’ responsibility to determine and promote the best interest, for separated children seeking asylum in Europe. The article begins by defining the guardian and the best interest principle and outlining the relevant law, which presently exists in Europe. Three case studies were chosen to provide current examples of the differences in practice in Europe, namely: Belgium, Ireland and the Netherlands. The question dealt with in this article is to what extent the three case study countries meet the minimum standards set out in European law in respect of guardianship and the best interests of separated children seeking asylum.
Drawing the Geographic Boundaries of Expulsion and Readmission in Greece: The Dynamics of an Elusive Process
Authors: Gregou Maria
Published: November 2014

Probing into the dynamics of expulsion and readmission in Greece, this article traces the growing importance of the processes in the shifting geography of irregular migration in the country. It presents and interprets the relevant data that amply indicate the increasing irregular migrant inflows from Asian and African countries of origin, accompanied by the waning of the respective from Albania, a former predominant migrant country of origin. This article lays particular emphasis on the mounting significance of Turkey as gate of irregular entry. In this respect, the implementation of expulsion and readmission has been addressed as pertinent not exclusively to migration control, but also to foreign policy contingencies and the political will of the actors involved in the process. Feedback has been provided as to the prospects of a viable readmission, configured in the interaction and co-operation among the main actors, Greece, Turkey and the eu.
Thane Gustafson’s Wheel of Fortune and the Study of Post-Soviet Oil
Authors: Rogers Douglas
Published: November 2014

Thane Gustafson’s Wheel of Fortune: The Battle for Oil and Power in Russia is reviewed and situated within some broader trends in research on Russian natural resource extraction in the oil industry. Gustafson’s book represents the high water mark of a particular genre of scholarship on oil and considerably improves our understandings on a wide range of fronts. However, a number of other methodological and analytical approaches to Soviet and post-Soviet oil are beginning to appear; in the coming years, they will broaden and diversify scholarly conversations about the significance of oil in Russia and the former Soviet Union.
The Vault of Perception: Are Straight Lines Seen as Curved?
Authors: Tyler Christopher W.
Published: November 2014

There is a widespread belief in art praxis that linear perspective is only a geometric approximation to the ‘true’ properties of perspective as experienced in the perception of the world, which are thought to involve some form of curvilinear perspective. The origins of that belief are examined from Roman times to the present, with a focus on the generation of perspective curvature by the active viewer as a means of elucidating the underlying perceptual principles involved. It is concluded that the only valid form of perspective for the flat canvas is linear perspective, and that it is valid only for a viewing location at the geometric center of projection for which the picture was constructed. Viewing from any other location (particularly in the case of wide-field images viewed from greater than the required distance) generates perceived distortions that have often been misinterpreted to imply that linear perspective geometry is inadequate and that some form of curvilinear perspective would be more representative. However, as long as it is viewed with one eye from the center of projection, the perceptual experience of accurate linear perspective is of a full, explorable 3D space, in contrast to any other form of perspective convention.
The Spreading of a Buoyant Plume Beneath a Landfast Ice Cover
Authors: Kasper Jeremy L. , Weingartner Thomas J.
Published: November 2014

Idealized numerical simulations using the Regional Ocean Modeling System demonstrate the effects of an immobile landfast ice cover that is frictionally coupled to an underice buoyant plume established by river discharge. The discharge rapidly increases and decreases over a 30-day period and has a maximum of 6000 m3 s−1. This study examined the response to a landfast ice cover of 26-km width and one that encompasses the entire shelf width. The model setting mimics spring conditions on the Alaskan Beaufort Sea (ABS) shelf. In comparison with the ice-free case subject to the same discharge scenario, underice plumes are broader and deeper, and the downwave freshwater flux is substantially decreased and delayed. Multiple anticyclonic bulges form in the ice-free case, but only a single, large bulge forms when ice is present. These differences are because of the frictional coupling between the ice and plume, which results in an Ekman-like underice boundary layer, a subsurface velocity maximum, and frictional shears that enhance vertical mixing and entrainment. For a partially ice-covered shelf, the plume spreads across the ice edge to form a swift, buoyant, ice-edge jet, whose width accords with the scale of Yankovsky and Chapman for a surface-advected plume. For a fully ice-covered shelf, the buoyant water spreads 60 km offshore over a 30-day period. For a steady discharge of 6000 m3 s−1 and a completely ice-covered shelf, the plume spreads offshore at a rate of ~1.5 km day−1 and extends ~95 km offshore after 60 days.
Is Needle Aspiration for Peritonsillar Abscess Still as Good as We Think? A Long-term Follow-up
Authors: Shaul Chanan , Koslowsky Benjamin , Rodriguez Mercedes , Schwarz Yehuda , Muahnna Nidal , Peleg Uri , Sichel Jean-Yves
Published: November 2014

Objective:

The aim was to study the therapeutic management, recurrence, and need for tonsillectomy in patients who underwent needle aspiration for peritonsillar abscess (PTA).

Methods:

A prospective observational design study was performed. Patients hospitalized in Shaare Zedek Medical Center between the years 2004 and 2007 with a diagnosis of PTA who underwent needle aspiration obtaining pus were included. A minimum 5-year follow-up was required for all patients. Recurrences, complications, the need for a repeated surgical procedure, length of hospital admission, and tonsillectomy were the primary end points.

Results:

The study included 117 patients. One hundred four patients (88.9%) improved after 1 needle aspiration without any other intervention, whereas 13 patients (11.1%) required an additional procedure. Broad spectrum antibiotics showed a statistical advantage over penicillin only, regarding need for recurrent procedure (14.7% vs 4.7%, P = .02). No short- or long-term complications were documented. Seventeen patients (14.5%) had any recurrence. Primary recurrent tonsillitis, female sex, and younger age were predictive risk factors for recurrent events of PTA (32% vs 10%, P < .01). A total of 18 patients (15.4%) eventually underwent tonsillectomy.

Conclusion:

Needle aspiration is an effective first line procedure for patients with PTA. Tonsillectomy is not necessary in most cases. In our study, young age, female sex, and recurrent tonsillitis are negative prognostic factors for recurrence. These patients should be managed accordingly. Broad spectrum antibiotics may offer additional advantages when compared to penicillin only.
Bombs and Border Crossings: Peace Activist Networks and the Post-colonial State in Africa, 1959–62
Authors: Skinner Rob
Published: November 2014

This article explores the engagement between European, African and US peace activists as a case-study of the transnational dimensions of decolonization. Its focus is the protest against the first French nuclear weapons test in the Sahara, and European activists’ involvement in subsequent international conferences in Ghana that sought to contest ‘nuclear imperialism’. The article assesses the limits of transnationalism when addressing interconnected histories of European, African and US anti-nuclear weapons campaigns and argues that, rather than facilitating the formation of new transnational communities, anti-nuclear peace movements in Africa coalesced around pre-existing anti-colonial activist networks. Furthermore, this study of interactions between Western and African activists suggests that there is a need for greater reflection on the sometimes contradictory ways in which campaign groups have interacted with the nation-state and negotiated transnational connections in ‘global’ political spaces.
Tooth Loss and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Asai K. , Yamori M. , Yamazaki T. , Yamaguchi A. , Takahashi K. , Sekine A. , Kosugi S. , Matsuda F. , Nakayama T. , Bessho K. ,   the Nagahama Study Group, Asai Keita , Yamazaki Toru , Yamori Masashi , Sakata-Goto Tomoko , Kiso Honoka , Takahashi Katsu , Bessho Kazuhisa , Mizusawa Seiho , Sekine Akihiro , Kawaguchi Takahisa , Tabara Yasuharu , Kadotani Hiroshi , Yamada Ryo , Matsuda Fumihiko , Douwa Yuri , Kosugi Shinji , Takahashi Yoshimitsu , Nakayama Takeo , Inagaki Nobuya , Suga Yusuke , Mori Tomomi , Nakano-Araki Ikuko , Yamaguchi Akihiko
Published: November 2014

Several epidemiologic studies have suggested that oral disease is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, whether a clinically significant association exists between the 2 disorders remains controversial. Here, we investigated the association between tooth loss, as an indicator of oral disease, and arterial stiffness, as a marker of atherosclerosis, in Japanese adults. Cross-sectional data were collected for 8,124 persons aged 30 to 75 y with no history of tooth loss for noninflammatory reasons, such as orthodontic treatment, malposition, and trauma. Participants received a comprehensive dental examination and extensive in-person measurements of CVD risk factors, and arterial stiffness was evaluated using the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). We examined the association between CAVI and tooth loss using general linear models with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, hemoglobin A1c, and a history of insulin or hypoglycemic medication depending on the model. In addition, we performed an analysis that included interaction terms of the centered variables tooth loss, sex, and age. The results of the multiple regression analysis that included the interaction terms detected that the relationship between CAVI and tooth loss was dependent on sex, with only men showing a positive correlation (β for interaction = 0.04; 95% confidence interval, 0.02–0.06). The findings from this study suggest that a linear relationship exists between tooth loss and degree of arterial stiffness and that the association differed depending on sex.
NFIB Regulates Embryonic Development of Submandibular Glands
Authors: Mellas R.E. , Kim H. , Osinski J. , Sadibasic S. , Gronostajski R.M. , Cho M. , Baker O.J.
Published: November 2014

NFIB (nuclear factor I B) is a NFI transcription factor family member, which is essential for the development of a variety of organ systems. Salivary gland development occurs through several stages, including prebud, bud, pseudoglandular, canalicular, and terminal. Although many studies have been done to understand mouse submandibular gland (SMG) branching morphogenesis, little is known about SMG cell differentiation during the terminal stages. The goal of this study was to determine the role of NFIB during SMG development. We analyzed SMGs from wild-type and Nfib-deficient mice ( Nfib−/−). At embryonic (E) day 18.5, SMGs from wild-type mice showed duct branching morphogenesis and differentiation of tubule ductal cells into tubule secretory cells. In contrast, SMGs from Nfib−/− mice at E18.5 failed to differentiate into tubule secretory cells while branching morphogenesis was unaffected. SMGs from wild-type mice at E16.5 displayed well-organized cuboidal inner terminal tubule cells. However, SMGs from Nfib−/− at E16.5 displayed disorganized inner terminal tubule cells. SMGs from wild-type mice at E18.5 became fully differentiated, as indicated by a high degree of apicobasal polarization (i.e., presence of apical ZO-1 and basolateral E-cadherin) and columnar shape. Furthermore, SMGs from wild-type mice at E18.5 expressed the protein SMGC, a marker for tubule secretory cells. However, SMGs from Nfib−/− mice at E18.5 showed apicobasal polarity, but they were disorganized and lost the ability to secrete SMGC. These findings indicate that the transcription factor NFIB is not required for branching morphogenesis but plays a key role in tubule cell differentiation during mouse SMG development.
Parametric study of the performance of a turbocharged compression ignition engine
Authors: Menacer Brahim , Bouchetara Mostefa
Published: November 2014

In this study, the thermodynamic performance of a turbocharged compression ignition engine with heat transfer and friction term losses was analyzed. The purpose of this work was to provide a flexible thermodynamic model based on the filling-and-emptying approach for the performance prediction of a four-stroke turbocharged compression ignition engine. To validate the model, comparisons were made between results from a computer program developed using FORTRAN language and the commercial GT-Power software operating under different conditions. The comparisons showed that there was a good concurrence between the developed program and the commercial GT-Power software. We also studied the influence of several engine parameters on brake power and effective efficiency. The range of variation of the rotational speed of the diesel engine chosen extended from 800 to 2100 rpm. By analyzing these parameters with regard to two optimal points in the engine, one relative to maximum power and another to maximum efficiency, it was found that if the injection timing is advanced, so the maximum levels of pressure and temperature in the cylinder are high.
Honey or Vinegar? Athletes With Disabilities Discuss Strategies for Advocacy Within the Paralympic Movement
Authors: Bundon Andrea , Hurd Clarke Laura
Published: November 2014

Drawing on interviews with 25 athletes with disabilities and para-sport participants (coaches, volunteers, and supporters), and on posts and comments made on a multi-authored blog discussing Paralympic sport, this article addresses how individuals advocate on behalf of disability sport. Our findings indicate that athletes and their allies adopt different styles of advocacy ranging in tone from more congenial (honey) to more confrontational (vinegar). In selecting what strategy to employ, advocates take into consideration their assessment of the perceived effectiveness of the strategy as well as the potential for backlash. We discuss our findings in light of Stake and Rosu’s definition of advocacy as a “fundamental act of human being” and within the context of the historically tumultuous relationship between disability rights advocacy and elite sport systems.
Endolymphatic Duct Blockage: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Novel Surgical Technique for Ménière's Disease Treatment
Authors: Saliba Issam , Gabra Nathalie , Alzahrani Musaed , Berbiche Djamal
Published: November 2014

Objectives

To compare the effectiveness of the endolymphatic duct blockage (EDB) and the endolymphatic sac decompression (ESD) to control Ménière's disease symptoms and to evaluate their effect on hearing level.

Study Design

Prospective nonblinded randomized study.

Setting

Tertiary medical center.

Subjects and Methods

Fifty‐seven patients affected by a refractory Ménière's disease were included out of which 22 underwent an ESD and 35 underwent an EDB. Five periods of follow‐up were considered: 0 to 1 week, 1 week to 6 months, 6 to 12 months, 12 to 18 months, and 18 to 24 months. Mean outcome measurements consisted of vertigo control, tinnitus, aural fullness, instability, and hearing level. Hearing level was evaluated using pure‐tone average (PTA) and speech discrimination score (SDS).

Results

There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the number of vertigo spells per months preoperatively (P =. 153). Twenty‐four months postoperatively, 96.5% of the EDB group had achieved a complete control of vertigo spells against 37.5% of the ESD group with a statistically significant difference (P =. 002). There was a better control of tinnitus and aural fullness with EDB (P =. 021 and P =. 014, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in hearing level preoperatively (P =. 976) and 24 months postoperatively (P =. 287) between the 2 groups. Hearing level was preserved in each group with no significant difference between the preoperative and the postoperative levels (P >. 05).

Conclusion

EDB is more effective than the traditional ESD in controlling the symptoms of Ménière's disease. It is a novel surgical technique with promising results for a complete treatment of Ménière's disease. There are no significant complications or adverse effect.
Type A dissection and fistula to right atrium after aortic valve replacement
Authors: Kang Ming-Yuan , Hsieh Shih-Rong
Published: November 2014

A 73-year-old man with a history of severe aortic regurgitation underwent aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis. Nine years later, he presented with heart failure and was diagnosed with chronic type A dissection and severe aortic stenosis. During surgery, a fistula from the ascending aortic aneurysm to the right atrium was found incidentally. Replacement of the aortic valve and ascending aorta were performed successfully. The fistula was closed with sutures. The patient was discharged uneventfully on postoperative day 16.
Muslim–Buddhist Conflict in Contemporary Sri Lanka
Authors: Stewart James John
Published: November 2014

The end of the civil war in 2009 heralded hope that a new era of peace and inter-ethnic cooperation might be possible in post-war Sri Lanka. This hope now seems, at best, mere wishful thinking, as this article highlights an emerging conflict between the Sinhalese Buddhist majority and Sri Lankan Muslims. Through detailed analysis of online social data, argued evidence is provided that Muslim Sri Lankans are now at the receiving end of Islamaphobic rhetoric, even violence, from Sinhala Buddhist nationalist organisations, driven by a belief that the Muslim community represent a threat to Buddhism. The article suggests that Sinhala nationalists have skilfully adopted new internet technologies which have proved effective in their anti-Muslim campaigns. It becomes necessary to conclude that these attacks on Muslim minorities are an extension of pre-existing oppression patterns faced by other minorities residing on the island, particularly Tamils. Indeed, the rhetoric behind these attacks bears a striking resemblance to the type of nationalist discourse found during the Sri Lankan civil war.
Detection of skeletal muscle metastasis: torso FDG PET-CT versus contrast-enhanced chest or abdomen CT
Authors: So Young , Yi Jeong Geun , Song Inyoung , Lee Won Woo , Chung Hyun Woo , Park Jeong Hee , Moon Sung Gyu
Published: November 2014

Background

Skeletal muscle metastasis (SMM) in cancer patients has not been sufficiently evaluated regarding prevalence and proper method of detection.

Purpose

To determine the prevalence of SMM and compare the diagnostic competencies for SMM of torso F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) and contrast-enhanced chest or abdomen CT.

Material and Methods

We investigated 18,225 PET-CT studies of 6359 cancer patients performed from 2005 to 2012. The PET-CT studies describing potential SMM were retrieved and the corresponding medical records were reviewed. The gold standard for SMM was histopathologically-proven SMM or imaging study-based disease progression. The detectability of SMM was compared between PET-CT and contrast-enhanced CT.

Results

Twenty-six patients had 84 SMM lesions, representing a SMM prevalence of 0.41%. Lung cancer was the most common SMM-associated malignancy (54%) and the gluteal/pelvic girdle muscle was the most frequently involved SMM site (37%). All 84 SMM lesions were visualized on PET-CT (100%). Of these PET-CT positive 84 SMM lesions, 51 lesions were in the CT field of view (FOV) (61%), whereas 33 lesions were out of the CT FOV (39%). Among these 51 lesions, 17 lesions showed rim-enhancing nodules/masses (33%), eight lesions showed homogeneously enhancing nodules (16%), three lesions showed heterogeneously enhancing nodules (6%), and 23 SMM lesions (45%) were non-diagnostic by CT. All 51 SMM lesions within CT FOV were detected on PET-CT (100%), whereas only 28 were visualized on CT (54.9%), resulting in a significant difference ( P < 0.005). On average, 2.6 more organs with concomitant metastases were found when SMM was revealed by PET-CT.

Conclusion

The prevalence of SMM was as low as 0.41% in the current large cohort of cancer patients. Torso PET-CT was a more competent modality than contrast-enhanced CT in the detection of SMM.
Gd-EOB enhanced MRI T1-weighted 3D-GRE with and without elevated flip angle modulation for threshold-based liver volume segmentation
Authors: Grieser Christian , Denecke Timm , Rothe Jan-Holger , Geisel Dominik , Stelter Lars , Cannon Walter Thula , Seehofer Daniel , Steffen Ingo G
Published: November 2014

Background

Despite novel software solutions, liver volume segmentation is still a time-consuming procedure and often requires further manual optimization. With the high signal intensity of the liver parenchyma in Gd-EOB enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), liver volume segmentation may be improved.

Purpose

To evaluate the practicability of threshold-based segmentation of the liver volume using Gd-EOB-enhanced MRI including a customized three-dimensional (3D) sequence.

Material and Methods

A total of 20 patients examined with Gd-EOB MRI (hepatobiliary phase T1-weighted (T1W) 3D sequence [VIBE]; flip angle [FA], 10° and 30°) were enrolled in this retrospective study. The datasets were independently processed by two blinded observers (O1 and O2) in two ways: manual (man) and threshold-based (thresh; study method) segmentation of the liver each followed by an optimization step (man+opt and thresh+opt; man+opt [FA10°] served as reference method). Resulting liver volumes and segmentation times were compared. A liver conversion factor was calculated in percent, describing the non-hepatocellular fraction of the total liver volume, i.e. bile ducts and vessels.

Results

Thresh+opt (FA10°) was significantly faster compared to the reference method leading to a median volume overestimation of 4%/8% ( P < 0.001). Using thresh+opt (FA30°), segmentation was even faster ( P < 0.001) and even reduced median volume deviation of 0%/2% (O1/O2; both P > 0.2). The liver conversion factor was found to be 10%.

Conclusion

Threshold-based liver segmentation employing Gd-EOB-enhanced hepatobiliary phase standard T1W 3D sequence is accurate and time-saving. The performance of this approach can be further improved by increasing the FA.
Timing of Surgery for Complete Proximal Hamstring Avulsion Injuries
Authors: Subbu Raj , Benjamin-Laing Harry , Haddad Fares
Published: November 2014

Background:

Avulsion of the proximal hamstring origin is well documented, and surgical treatment is advocated for complete avulsions.

Purpose:

To compare the return to preinjury level of sport and the complexity of surgery in athletes undergoing surgical intervention for complete proximal hamstring avulsions within 6 weeks, 6 months, and after 6 months of injury.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

This was the largest case series from a tertiary referral center reported in the literature. A total of 112 athletes were included, with complete proximal avulsion injuries confirmed on MRI scans; 63 patients (56.3%) were high-level athletes. Patients were divided into subgroups depending on the timing of surgical intervention: “early” was defined within 6 weeks, “delayed” within 6 weeks to 6 months, and “late” after 6 months. All patients were surgically explored and repaired with the aim of comparing the timing between each group and the return to preinjury sport. All patients underwent an individualized rehabilitation protocol. There was no loss to follow-up. The primary outcome measure was the return to preinjury level sports activity.

Results:

A total of 108 patients (96.4%) returned to sport. In the early intervention group, the average time of return to play was 16 weeks, 9 weeks faster than the delayed group and 13 weeks faster than the late group. There were 2 partial reruptures in those with delayed intervention—both athletes retired from competitive sport but were recreationally active. Two other athletes recovered well but retired from playing at all levels. Twelve athletes (2 in the early intervention group, 5 in the delayed, 5 in the late) were delayed by local nerve symptoms. Only 2 cases required further exploration.

Conclusion:

Early surgical intervention was associated with good clinical outcomes and a quicker return to sport; however, delaying the diagnosis can lead to prolonged morbidity and an increased likelihood of complications.
Do Patients Return to Sports and Work After Total Shoulder Replacement Surgery?
Authors: Bülhoff Matthias , Sattler Peter , Bruckner Thomas , Loew Markus , Zeifang Felix , Raiss Patric
Published: November 2014

Background:

Studies evaluating the return to sports and work after shoulder arthroplasty are rare, and there are no studies evaluating return to work after total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA).

Hypothesis:

Patients undergoing TSA will be able to return to their preoperative sports levels and occupations.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A total of 154 patients with 170 TSAs for primary glenohumeral arthritis were included. Two subgroups were formed: patients who had participated in sports during the 5 years before surgery (group 1; n = 105 [68%]) and patients who had never participated in sports (group 2; n = 49 [32%]). The return-to-work rate in patients who had not retired after surgery were also analyzed, as were responses to a survey.

Results:

The mean age at the time of surgery was 71 years (range, 33-88 years) in group 1 and 76 years (range, 54-88 years) in group 2. Mean follow-up time was 6.2 years (range, 2.5-12.6 years). Fifty-seven patients (54%) in group 1 participated in sports right up to the time of surgery. All 57 (100%) returned to sports after surgery. A further 3 patients (3%) from group 1 resumed sporting activity after surgery; swimming was the most popular sport. No patient in group 2 started sports activity after shoulder replacement surgery. Many of the patients, 14% of the entire group, had retired by final follow-up because of TSA. Fourteen percent of patients in group 1 and group 2 were pursuing their work at the time of most recent follow-up. Thirty patients of the entire cohort (19.5%) had to change their occupations because of surgery.

Conclusion:

Patients who participated in sports before TSA were successfully able to return to sports activities after surgery. Patients who did not participate in sports just before surgery were unlikely to start sports after surgery. Fourteen percent of the entire cohort was able to return to work after surgery.
p38 MAP Kinase Regulates Circadian Rhythms in Drosophila
Authors: Vrailas-Mortimer Alysia D. , Ryan Sarah M. , Avey Matthew J. , Mortimer Nathan T. , Dowse Harold , Sanyal Subhabrata
Published: November 2014

The large repertoire of circadian rhythms in diverse organisms depends on oscillating central clock genes, input pathways for entrainment, and output pathways for controlling rhythmic behaviors. Stress-activated p38 MAP Kinases (p38K), although sparsely investigated in this context, show circadian rhythmicity in mammalian brains and are considered part of the circadian output machinery in Neurospora. We find that Drosophila p38Kb is expressed in clock neurons, and mutants in p38Kb either are arrhythmic or have a longer free-running periodicity, especially as they age. Paradoxically, similar phenotypes are observed through either transgenic inhibition or activation of p38Kb in clock neurons, suggesting a requirement for optimal p38Kb function for normal free-running circadian rhythms. We also find that p38Kb genetically interacts with multiple downstream targets to regulate circadian locomotor rhythms. More specifically, p38Kb interacts with the period gene to regulate period length and the strength of rhythmicity. In addition, we show that p38Kb suppresses the arrhythmic behavior associated with inhibition of a second p38Kb target, the transcription factor Mef2. Finally, we find that manipulating p38K signaling in free-running conditions alters the expression of another downstream target, MNK/Lk6, which has been shown to cycle with the clock and to play a role in regulating circadian rhythms. These data suggest that p38Kb may affect circadian locomotor rhythms through the regulation of multiple downstream pathways.
Occipital Nerve Blocks for Pediatric Posttraumatic Headache
Authors: Seeger Trevor A. , Orr Serena , Bodell Lisa , Lockyer Lisette , Rajapakse Thilinie , Barlow Karen M.
Published: November 2014

Posttraumatic headache is one of the most common and disabling symptoms after traumatic brain injury. However, evidence for treating posttraumatic headache is sparse, especially in the pediatric literature. This retrospective chart review evaluated the use of occipital nerve blocks in adolescents treated for posttraumatic headache following mild traumatic brain injury, presenting to the Complex Concussion and Traumatic Brain Injury clinic. Fifteen patients (mean age 15.47; range: 13-17) received occipital nerve block for posttraumatic headache. Follow-up was obtained in 14 patients at 5.57 (standard deviation = 3.52) months postinjury. The headache burden was high, with all except one having headaches 15 or more days per month (median 30, range 10-30). Sixty-four percent reported long-term response to the occipital nerve blocks, with associated improved quality of life and decreased postconcussion symptom scores ( P < .05). One patient reported transient allopecia. Occipital nerve blocks are well tolerated and can be helpful in posttraumatic headache.
Whirling vibration of drilling shaft in minimal quantity lubrication deep hole drilling using theoretical and experimental investigation
Authors: Kong Lingfei , Niu Han , Hou Xiaoli , Wang Qingfeng
Published: November 2014

Under the concept of safety, improving efficiency, or reducing costs in deep hole drilling, the effect of minimal quantity lubrication (MQL) on the dynamic characteristics of drilling shaft is analyzed. A model is presented to describe the pressure function of MQL cutting fluid during drilling process. This model is based on the compressible Reynolds equation in air/oil feature with nonlinearity, and the differential transformation theory is introduced to solve the time-dependent pressure equation satisfied with MQL cutting fluid. Further, with an emphasis on model development, experiments are performed to validate the correctness and effectiveness of the above methods. A series of experimental investigations are carried out on the whirling characteristics of drilling shaft when the rotational speed and drilling depth are changed. Additionally, the vibration trajectories of drilling shaft and the surface roughness of hole are detected under different experimental conditions such as MQL drilling or traditional drilling. The results show that the whirling trajectory of drilling shaft decreases significantly in MQL deep hole drilling but the surface roughness of machined hole is worse due to surface scratches or scales. Nevertheless, there exists an optimal rotational speed of drilling shaft to improve machining precision of hole surface. These results indicate that the MQL method has shown potential to be even more productive as compared to traditional drilling and that the proposed method in this paper can lay a foundation for investigating the dynamic stability of drilling shaft in MQL drilling.
Nonlinear aerodynamic model identification using empirical mode decomposition
Authors: Bagherzadeh SA , Sabzeparvar Mehdi , Karrari M
Published: November 2014

A conceptual method based on the empirical mode decomposition algorithm is proposed to identify a high-fidelity full-flight envelope aerodynamic model, utilising flight data. The key idea is to recognise dominant phenomena of flight containing dissimilar amplitudes and frequencies by means of the empirical mode decomposition. Being distinguished and separated from each other, flight modes can be considered in the aerodynamic model, independently. To achieve the goal, an equation error method is utilised to identify six multi-input single-output systems for aerodynamic forces and moments. The inputs of the identification systems are intrinsic mode functions of flight parameters. The nonparametric identification problem uses the Hammerstein nonlinear ARMAX structure and estimates parameters by the least squares iterative algorithm. Flight tests of an unmanned aircraft in two complex manoeuvres are employed for the modelling and simulation. Several models with different nonlinear functions are introduced and trained by the first dataset. Then, to verify the identified model, the flight simulation is performed for the second dataset. Results indicate the appropriate performance of the identification method in nonlinear aerodynamics.
Experimenting with distributed approaches – Case study: A ‘national-level’ distributed dialogue on bioenergy in the United Kingdom
Authors: Entradas Marta
Published: November 2014

An emerging thread in the public participation debate is the need for innovative and more experimental forms of dialogue to address weaknesses of previous structured deliberative methods. This research note discusses an experiment with a distributed approach to dialogue, which used bioenergy as a case study. We discuss the potential of the model to attract a variety of publics and views and to inform policy. This is done with a view to refining future dialogues and increasing the involvement of scientists and other practitioners at the science-policy interface.
Financial System Approaches to Microenterprise Development
Authors: Bharti Nisha
Published: November 2014

Microenterprise development (MED) has been recognized as an important strategy for employment generation and poverty alleviation in developing countries. Microfinance has been identified as an important approach to help the poor in getting access to financial services. Among microfinance, self-help group (SHG) bank linkage and microfinance institution (MFI) models are the major models in India. The present study is about critically analyzing and assessing the workings of these approaches. The major objectives of the study are ( a) to understand the approach, design and process of implementation of microfinance approaches, ( b) to analyze the performance of microfinance approaches as a tool for promotion of microenterprise and ( c) to identify the factors influencing the performance of microenterprises. Using primarily the case study method of research, both qualitative and quantitative data were collected including carrying out a limited survey of micro-entrepreneurs with these interventions. The study has adopted a descriptive analysis method. Intra- and inter-case analysis has been carried out. The study concludes that financial system approach has been useful in helping poor people in establishing their microenterprise but failed to help them in expansion of the activity due to higher interest rate (MFI model) and limitation on loan amount (SHG model). Despite their limitation of loan amount, SHG bank linkage model has come out as a better approach in promoting microenterprises.
From Musical Detectives to DJs
Authors: Tobias Evan S.
Published: November 2014

Many music educators address aural skills and analysis by drawing on strategies designed for the realm of Western classical music. Focusing solely on aural skills and analysis within paradigms of Western music can limit students’ musical learning and engagement to particular ways of knowing music. To diversify and broaden the types of aural skills and analysis that students learn and engage with, music educators might consider contexts beyond Western classical music. This article outlines several ways that music teachers might situate aural skills and analysis in the context of musical engagement related to popular music and culture. Designed with secondary students in mind, the included approaches can be applied in any music learning context if adjusted for developmental appropriateness. The forms of engagement in this article might broaden the types of aural skills and analysis we include in music programs and expand popular music pedagogies that sometimes focus on performing.
ADHD Symptomology and Social Functioning in College Students
Authors: Sacchetti Gina M. , Lefler Elizabeth K.
Published: November 2014

Objective: ADHD is no longer considered a disorder that children simply outgrow. Adults experience ADHD at high rates (2.5%-5%) and are impaired in multiple life domains, including social impairment. The purpose of this study was to examine emerging adults with varying degrees of ADHD symptomology in respect to social impairment, state and trait anger, romantic relationship satisfaction, and intimate partner violence (IPV). Method: College students, a subset of emerging adults, were recruited to complete measures online. Results: Data were analyzed using a series of multiple regressions. Higher levels of ADHD symptomology in college students were related to increased social impairment and higher levels of state and trait anger, but not romantic relationship satisfaction or rates of IPV. Conclusion: Anger management and social skills training may be beneficial treatment components for this group.
Bullying Victimization and Perpetration and Their Correlates in Adolescents Clinically Diagnosed With ADHD
Authors: Chou Wen-Jiun , Liu Tai-Ling , Yang Pinchen , Yen Cheng-Fang , Hu Huei-Fan
Published: November 2014

Objective: To examine the prevalence rates of bullying involvement and their correlates in adolescents diagnosed with ADHD in Taiwan. Method: Bullying involvement, family and ADHD characteristics, the levels of behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral approach system (BAS), and psychiatric comorbidity were assessed in 287 adolescents with ADHD. The multiple regression analysis was used to examine the correlate of bullying victimization and perpetration. Results: The prevalence rates of the pure victims, pure perpetrators, and victim-perpetrators were 14.6%, 8.4%, and 5.6%, respectively. Young age, a high BIS score, autism spectrum disorders, and low satisfaction with family relationships were associated with severe bullying victimization. A high score of fun seeking on the BAS and low satisfaction with family relationships were associated with severe bullying perpetration. Conclusion: A high proportion of adolescents with ADHD are involved in bullying. Multiple factors are associated with bullying involvement in adolescents with ADHD.
Local Price Variation and the Income Elasticity of Demand for Lottery Tickets
Authors: Garrett Thomas A. , Kolesnikova Natalia
Published: November 2014

The cost of living varies as much across locations as it does over time. We demonstrate the importance of considering locational cost of living differences in empirical models of the demand for state lotteries. Previous research has shown that the nominal-income elasticity of demand for lottery tickets is less than one, suggesting that individuals and geographic regions with lower incomes tend to have a greater percentage of their income allocated toward lottery ticket purchases than do wealthier individuals and geographic regions. We first provide a conceptual framework that reveals that real-income elasticities generally will be different from nominal-income elasticities. We then reestimate traditional cross-sectional models of lottery demand using a sample of metropolitan statistical areas. We find that the magnitude of income elasticity estimates is smaller when local cost of living is omitted from empirical models, especially in the case of instant lottery games.
Lymphocytic mural folliculitis and pancreatic carcinoma in a cat
Authors: Lobetti Remo
Published: November 2014

A 9-year-old castrated domestic shorthair cat was presented with a 6 week history of progressive non-pruritic alopecia, polyphagia and weight loss. A diagnosis of lymphocytic mural folliculitis was made and the cat was treated with a combination of prednisolone and ciclosporin; this produced an improvement in the alopecia but no resolution. Sixteen months after the initial assessment and diagnosis, the cat was re-evaluated for intermittent vomiting and weight loss with normal appetite. On examination the dermatopathy was still evident and a mass involving the duodenum and pancreas was present, which was diagnosed as a pancreatic carcinoma. From this case it would appear that lymphocytic mural folliculitis might be an early dermatological manifestation of pancreatic neoplasia.
On exonostalgia
Authors: Berliner David
Published: November 2014

Nostalgia has played a foundational role in the history of anthropology. Historically, our discipline lent its passion for exotic cultures vanishing against the modern world. I call this perspective ‘disciplinary exonostalgia’. In this article, I suggest the persistence of an intimate entwinement of contemporary anthropology with exonostalgia. I argue that nostalgia never really went away. Moreover, it continues to inform major aspects of the production of anthropological knowledge.
Experimental studies of the air hybrid engine charging operation
Authors: Zhao Hua , Ma Tom , Lee Cho-Yu
Published: November 2014

Over the last few years, theoretical and modelling studies have been carried out on the feasibility and potential of novel mild air hybrid engine concepts based on production components. These mild air hybrid concepts are able to convert vehicle brake energy into pneumatic energy in the form of compressed air stored in the air tank. The compressed air can then be used to crank-start the engine by either injecting and expanding in the cylinder or driving a production air starter. Thus, the regenerative stop–start operation can be readily realised for improved fuel economy. In order to demonstrate air hybrid engine charging operation experimentally and validate the theoretical analysis, a single-cylinder engine has been adapted to operate in the compressor mode with the novel one-way intake system. Two air intake designs were implemented and tested so that their ability to capture compressed air could be analysed. In particular, it is shown that the compressor mode can be accomplished effectively through a simple cam profile switching device which has been used in production engines. Furthermore, the experimental and analytical results show a good agreement which gives high confidence to the theoretical analyses carried out on different mild air hybrid engine concepts examined.
A model for a two-source illuminant allowing daylight colour adjustment
Authors: Miller ME , Gilman JM , Colombi JM
Published: November 2014

A model is presented which determines the optimal placement of narrow-band emitters in a pair of light sources, where the correlated colour temperature (CCT) of the illumination is controlled by varying the relative intensity of the light sources. This model was exercised to determine optimally-placed 30 nm and 60 nm bandwidth emitters across the target range of CCTs. The results suggest that a lamp capable of high Colour Rendering Index values with respect to daylight illumination across CCT values between 4000 K and 10 000 K can be formed from as few as three independently-selected 30 or 60 nm bandwidth emitters within each source. However, when the model is constrained to require the same emitters in both light sources, adequate colour rendering requires at least four 30 nm or three 60 nm bandwidth emitters.