bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing photonic topological insulators with quantum-spin-Hall edge states using topology optimization
Authors: Christiansen Rasmus E. , Wang Fengwen , Sigmund Ole , Stobbe Søren
Published: May 2019

Designing photonic topological insulators (PTIs) is highly non-trivial because it requires inversion of band symmetries around the band gap, which was so far done using intuition combined with meticulous trial and error. Here we take a completely different approach: we consider the design of PTIs as an inverse design problem and use topology optimization to maximize the transmission through an edge mode past a sharp bend. Two design domains composed of two different but initially identicalC6ν-symmetric unit cells define the geometrical design problem. Remarkably, the optimization results in a PTI reminiscent of the shrink-and-grow approach to quantum-spin-Hall PTIs but with notable differences in the crystal structure as well as qualitatively different band structures and with significantly improved performance as gauged by the band-gap sizes, which are at least 50% larger than in previous designs. Furthermore, we find a directional β-factor exceeding 99% and very low losses for sharp bends. Our approach allows the introduction of fabrication limitations by design and opens an avenue towards designing PTIs with hitherto-unexplored symmetry constraints.
Quadratic phase modulation and diffraction-limited microfocusing generated by pairs of subwavelength dielectric scatterers
Authors: Tellal Azeddine , Ziane Omar , Jradi Safi , Stephan Olivier , Baldeck Patrice L.
Published: May 2019

Diffractive approaches are needed when refractive microlenses reach their focusing limit at the micron-scale in visible light. Previously, we have reported on micron-sized optical lenses based on the diffraction of metallic nanowires. Here, we extend our study to lenses based on pairs of subwavelength dielectric scatterers. Using simulations by two-dimensional finite element method, we demonstrate that focusing holds for pair spacings as small as the wavelength-size. For pairs with distances between inner walls larger than about 1.2λ, the scattered waves generate a quadratic phase modulation on the total propagating field leading to a diffraction-limited focusing i.e. an effective optical lens effect with high numerical aperture. In addition, they have low sidelobe intensities, long depths of focus, and they have a low sensitivity with polarization. For pairs with inner wall distances smaller than about 1.2λ, the focusing phase modulation is accumulated during the propagation through the dielectric pair structure. In this work, we report only on the experimental demonstration for the case of larger wall separation to emphasize on the scattered wave effect on micro-focusing. A pair of parallel polymer lines (cylindrical lens), and a grid of polymer lines (square microlens array) with 2 μm-spacing were fabricated by two-photon induced polymerization. Their focal lengths are comparable to their separating distances, their spot-sizes are 0.37 μm and 0.28 μm at wavelength 530 nm, and their focusing efficiencies are 70% and 60%, respectively.
High-efficiency Bessel beam array generation by Huygens metasurfaces
Authors: Lin Zemeng , Li Xiaowei , Zhao Ruizhe , Song Xu , Wang Yongtian , Huang Lingling
Published: May 2019

Bessel beams have attracted considerable interest because of their unique non-diffractive, self-healing characteristics. Different approaches have been proposed to generate Bessel beams, such as using axicons, diffractive optical elements, composite holograms, or spatial light modulators. However, these approaches have suffered from limited numerical aperture, low efficiency, polarization-dependent properties, etc. Here, by utilizing dielectric Huygens metasurfaces as ultrathin, compact platforms by integrating the functionalities of Dammann gratings and axicons, we successfully demonstrate multiple Bessel beam generation with polarization-independent property. The number of two-dimensional arrays can be controlled flexibly, which can enhance information capacity with a total efficiency that can reach 66.36%. This method can have various applications, such as parallel laser fabrication, efficient optical tweezers, and optical communication.
Pain-related factors in older adults
Authors: Marttinen Maiju K. , Kautiainen Hannu , Haanpää Maija , Pohjankoski Heini , Vuorimaa Hanna , Hintikka Jukka , Kauppi Markku J.
Published: May 2019

Background and aims

Pain is an evident factor affecting the quality of life in all age groups. The objective was to examine the prevalence of self-reported SF-36 bodily pain and pain-related factors in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods

One thousand four hundred and twenty adults aged 62–86 years self-reported SF-36 bodily pain during the previous month. For the analysis, four pain groups were formed (group I [0–45, moderate to very severe pain intensity and interference], group II [47.5–70], group III [77.5–90], and group IV [100, no pain at all]). Additional questionnaire-provided data regarding education, wealth, life habits, and morbidity, as well as clinical data were considered.

Results

The overall pain prevalence was 78% (SF-36 bodily pain score <100). The prevalence of cohabiting, as well as the years of education and household income were found to decrease with an increasing SF-36 bodily pain score. The prevalence of a BMI of over 30 and of central obesity emerged as the highest in group I. Morbidities were found to be most prevalent in group I.

Conclusions

A high prevalence of intense and interfering pain was reported. Multiple factors that were found to relate to pain have previously been demonstrated to associate with social exclusion. Increasing attention should be paid to distinguishing these factors in patients with pain, as well as targeted pain assessment and measures to improve the sense of community among older adults.

Implications

There is a lack of large studies that examine a wide scale of pain-related factors in the older adult population. To distinguish subjects with multiple such factors would help medical professionals to target their attention to patients at a high risk of chronic pain.
Ishige sinicola extract stimulates osteoblast proliferation and differentiation via the bone morphogenetic protein 2/runt-related gene 2 signalling pathway
Authors: Kim Mihyang , Kang Jeong Hyeon , Oh Geun Hye , Park Mi Hwa
Published: May 2019

Osteoporosis is one of the most common bone diseases, occurring due to an imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ishige sinicola, a brown alga, on osteoblast differentiation through the activation of the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)/runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) signalling pathway in MC3T3-E1 cells. A cell proliferation assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, alizarin red staining, and expression analysis of osteoblastic genes were carried out to assess MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation. We found that I. sinicola extract (ISE) increased cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Ishige sinicola extract markedly promoted ALP activity and mineralization. Alizarin red S staining demonstrated that ISE treatment tended to increase extracellular matrix calcium accumulation. Moreover, ISE up-regulated the osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand ratio. Ishige sinicola extract also increased the protein expression levels of type 1 collagen, ALP, osteocalcin, osterix, BMP-2, and Runx2. Therefore, ISE showed potential in stimulating osteoblastic bone formation, and it might be useful for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Anxiety and Depression Predict the Paths Through Which Rumination Acts on Behavior: A Daily Diary Study
Authors: Riley Kristen E. , Cruess Dean G. , Park Crystal L. , Tigershtrom Ashley , Laurenceau Jean-Philippe
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Rumination—thinking passively, negatively, and repetitively—is a common cognitive process that is associated with poor health behaviors. Rumination impacts health behaviors through two distinct behavioral pathways: acting too quickly (impulsivity) or not acting at all (amotivation), though no research to date has examined the conditions under which rumination may manifest in these two disparate behavioral paths. The presence of anxiety and depression may lead to the behavioral manifestations of rumination, which may then differentially impact health behavior patterns. In this study, we tested whether individuals reporting anxiety who ruminate will then act impulsively and individuals reporting depression who ruminate will then not act in the context of their daily health behaviors.

Methods: We recruited 285 college students (mean age = 19.3; 76.8% female; 79.4% Caucasian) and had them complete a baseline survey and an 11-day online daily diary to assess associations among anxiety, depression, rumination, and health behaviors.

Results: Rumination predicted health behaviors through both impulsivity and amotivation as expected. Moderation models revealed that rumination in the context of anxiety leads to impulsivity and rumination in the context of depression leads to amotivation. Limitations: The undergraduate sample limits the generalizability of this data.

Discussion: These results show that those who report depression or anxiety are likely to experience more daily rumination and the deleterious behavioral manifestations of that rumination, which then affects health behavior engagement or avoidance. Future behavioral health interventions can perhaps specifically target impulsivity among individuals reporting anxiety and amotivation among individuals reporting depression in order to promote more healthy behaviors.
KURUTULMUŞ ET ÜRÜNLERİNİN KALİTE ÖZELLİKLERİ
Authors: AYKIN DİNÇER Elif , ERBAŞ Mustafa
Published: May 2019

Kurutma, eş zamanlı olarak ısı ve kütle transferi ile
gıdadan suyun uzaklaştırılmasına dayanan kompleks bir işlemdir. Kurutulmuş et
ürünleri; sığır, domuz, kümes hayvanları ve balık gibi farklı et kaynağı,
baharat, antioksidan ve stabilizatörler gibi fonksiyonel katkı maddeleri ve
kürleme, tütsüleme ve kurutma gibi üretim yöntemlerinin kullanılmasıyla çeşitli
şekillerde üretilir. Bu yöntemlerle elde edilen kurutulmuş et ürünlerine
pastırma, ham, jerky, pemmican, biltong, kaddid ve cecina örnek verilebilir.
Ancak, kurutma işlemi sıcaklık ve süre gibi çeşitli faktörler yönünden optimum
koşullarda yapılmadığında, et ürünlerinde esmerleşme reaksiyonları, renk kaybı,
lipit oksidasyonu, yoğun ve sert bir yapı, boyut küçülmesi, rehidrasyon
yeteneğinin azalması gibi birtakım olumsuz değişiklikler meydana gelebilir.
Ayrıca, depolama koşulları da kurutulmuş et ürünlerinin kalitesi üzerinde
önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu makalede kurutulmuş et ürünlerinin kalite
özellikleri ve depolama işleminin ürün kalitesi üzerine etkileri derlenmiştir.
On the role of macrophages in the control of adipocyte energy metabolism
Authors: Keuper Michaela
Published: May 2019

The crosstalk between macrophages (MΦ) and adipocytes within white adipose tissue (WAT) influences obesity-associated insulin resistance and other associated metabolic disorders, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. MΦ infiltration is increased in WAT during obesity, which is linked to decreased mitochondrial content and activity. The mechanistic interplay between MΦ and mitochondrial function of adipocytes is under intense investigation, as MΦ and inflammatory pathways exhibit a pivotal role in the reprogramming of WAT metabolism in physiological responses during cold, fasting and exercise. Thus, the underlying immunometabolic pathways may offer therapeutic targets to correct obesity and metabolic disease. Here, I review the current knowledge on the quantity and the quality of human adipose tissue macrophages (ATMΦ) and their impact on the bioenergetics of human adipocytes. The effects of ATMΦ and their secreted factors on mitochondrial function of white adipocytes are discussed, including recent research on MΦ as part of an immune signaling cascade involved in the ‘browning’ of WAT, which is defined as the conversion from white, energy-storing adipocytes into brown, energy-dissipating adipocytes.
Effects of conjugated estrogen and bazedoxifene on hemostasis and thrombosis in mice
Authors: Noirrit Emmanuelle , Buscato Mélissa , Dupuis Marion , Payrastre Bernard , Fontaine Coralie , Arnal Jean-François , Valera Marie-Cécile
Published: May 2019

Estrogen–progestin therapy was previously considered as the standard of care for managing bothersome symptoms associated with menopause, but it increases risks of breast cancer and of thromboembolism. The combination of conjugated estrogen (CE) with bazedoxifene (BZA) named tissue-selective estrogen complex (TSEC) was designed to minimize or even abrogate the undesirable effects on breast, while maintaining the beneficial effects such as prevention of osteoporosis and suppression of climacteric symptoms. The risk on thromboembolism associated with TSEC is unknown, although the clinical available data are reassuring. The aim of this study was to define the impact of a chronic administration of CE, BZA or CE + BZA on hemostasis and thrombosis in ovariectomized mice. As expected, CE, but not BZA neither CE + BZA, induced uterine and vagina hypertrophy. As previously demonstrated for 17β-estradiol (E2), we found that CE (i) increased tail-bleeding time, (ii) prevented occlusive thrombus formation in injured carotid artery and (iii) protected against collagen/epinephrine-induced thromboembolism. Thus, whereas BZA antagonized CE action on reproductive tissues, it had no impact on the effect of CE on hemostasis, thromboembolism and arterial thrombosis in mice. CE + BZA shared the anti-thrombotic actions of CE in these mouse models. If a similar process is at work in women, CE combined with BZA could contribute to minimize the risk of thrombosis associated with hormone replacement therapy.
Prostodonti Klinik Havasının Mikrobiyal Düzeyi Üzerine Havalandırma-Klima Sisteminin Etkisi
Authors: YENİSEY Murat , ONUK Ertan Emek , UZ Nergiz , KÜLÜNK Şafak , CEYLAN Gözlem , GÜLER Ahmet Umut
Published: May 2019

Amaç: Prostodonti kliniği havasının mikrobiyolojik
kalitesi üzerine havalandırma-klima sisteminin etkisinin ortaya konulmasıdırGereç ve Yöntemler:Bioaerosol örnekler Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi,
Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Protez kliniğinden toplanmıştır. Havalandırma sistemi
toplam 7485 m3/s havalandırma kapasitesine sahiptir. Bu sisteminin
etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla, havalandırma sistemi kapatılarak,
klinik gün boyu rutin çalışmasına devam etmiştir. Gün sonunda ise toplam
mezofilik aerobik bakteri ve mantar sayısının belirlenmesi amacıyla ayrı ayrı
10’ar örnek toplanmıştır. Bu örneklemeden sonra, aynı işlem havalandırma
sistemi gün boyunca çalıştırılmış ve gün sonunda aynı şekil ve sayıda örnekleme
yapılmıştır. Hava örneklemesinde MAS 100 (Merck, Germany) hava örnekleme cihazı
kullanılmıştır. Her 15 günde bir akşam ve sabah olmak üzere toplamda 12 dönemde
480 örnek alınmıştır. Toplam mezofilik aerobik bakteri sayısının
belirlenmesinde Nutrient Agar, toplam mantar sayısının belirlenmesinde ise % 1
Penisilin içeren Sabouraud Dekstroz Agar kullanılmıştır. Alınan örnekler sırasıyla
35 ºC’de 48-72 saat ve 25 ºC’de 5 gün inkubasyona bırakılmıştır. İnkubasyon
sonrası oluşan koloniler sayılarak metreküpteki bakteri ve mantar sayıları koloni
oluşturma ünitesi (CFU/m3) şeklinde ifade edilmişlerdir. Sonuçların
istatiksel olarak hesaplanmasında Feller doğrulaması kullanılmıştır. Elde
edilen veriler student T testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Analizler SAS 9.01
istatistik paket programında yapılmıştır.Bulgular:
Havalandırma siteminin kapalı ve açık olduğu durumda
hem toplam aerobik mezofilik bakteri, hem de toplam mantar sayılarında
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ölçüde (p<.0001) değişim gözlenmiştir. Gözlenen
farklılık azalma yönündedir.

Sonuçlar:Diş kliniklerinde havanın mikrobiyolojik
kalitesini kontrol etmek ve hekimler ve hastalar için enfeksiyon riskini
azaltmak için kliniklerde yapısal olarak etkin önleyici önlemlerin alınması ve
bu amaçla standartların oluşturulması gereklidir.Anahtar Kelimeler:
Penile Fracture : Experience from a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Ahmad Malik Suhail , Mir Irfan Nazir , Abbass Malik Faizan
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Penile fracture is a misnomer, penile fracture is defined as rupture of the tunica albuginea of one or both corpus cavernosum. The usual cause is abrupt bending of the erect penis by blunt trauma, which may occur during sexual intercourse, masturbation, rolling over on the bed, or falling onto the erect penis. Diagnosis of penile fracture is made on the basis of history and physical examination. the standard model of management is surgical.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the department of surgery SMHS hospital Srinagar,(Jammu and Kashmir), extending over a period of about three and a half years from June 2013 to January 2017. All patients with diagnosed penile fracture were included in this study. All except one patient were operated on the same day of admission.Results: out of a total of 50 patients studied, the mean age of presentation was 26.7 years. The majority (56%)were below 30 years of age.21 (42%) of the patients were married.majority42% of the patients reported masturbation as a cause of trauma, followed by vaginal intercourse in38% and rolling on the erect penis in 20%. About 80% of patients gave a history of audible click/crackling sound. All patients had swelling and discoloration on examination,90% of patients had a penile deformity, only 36 % had a palpable defect. Doppler USG was correct in 93% of patients. The majority (44%) of patients had defects less than 1cm. the defect was mostly seen on the right side (68%).most patients had proximal penile defect (56%). Mean hospital stay was 2.9 days. One patient (2%) had urethral trauma.Surgery had a recurrence of 2%.and a total postoperative complication rate of 10%.Conclusions: Penile fracture though reported rarely, is a common entity. Penile fracture is a urological emergency.Diagnosis is mainly on clinical grounds.Immediate surgical repair is the standard treatment of a penile fracture.
Roboto asistuojamos radikalios prostatektomijos pirminiai rezultatai Klaipėdos universitetinėje ligoninėje: vieno centro patirtis
Authors: Venckus Raimundas , Jasėnas Marius
Published: May 2019

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]

Roboto asistuojama radikali prostatektomija (RARP) tampa pagrindiniu lokalizuoto prostatos vėžio operacijos būdu. Straipsnyje analizuojami pirminiai RARP operacijų, atliktų Klaipėdos universitetinėje ligoninėje naudojant Senhance® robotinę operacinę sistemą, rezultatai. Pateikiami pirmųjų 23 operuotų ligonių rezultatai. Metodai. Tiriami pirmieji 23 ligoniai operuoti RARP su Senhance® robotine sistema Klaipėdos universitetinėje ligoninėje nuo 2018 m. lapkričio 21 d. iki 2019 m. kovo 1 d. Buvo registruojami ir analizuojami visi įmanomi operacijos duomenys. Rezultatai. Vidutinis operacijos laikas – 3 val. 36 min. Buvo 2 (8,7 %) chirurginės komplikacijos. Įvertinus pirmus 23 pacientus nustatyta, jog 81,8 % jų visiškai laiko šlapimą. Šio darbo trūkumai yra maža pacientų grupė, pats tyrimo pobūdis bei trumpas pooperacinio sekimo laikas. Išvada. RARP su Senhance® robotine sistema yra saugi, rezultatai panašūs į gaunamus operuojant su kita robotine sistema.
Nitrogen-carbon circulation in agrocenoses with different fertilization systems
Authors: Demydenko O. , Velychko V.
Published: May 2019

Aim. To compare nitrogen-carbon circulation in organic and intense fertilization system in agrocenosis of a short crop rotation with grain and intertilled crops on podzolic highly-regraded low-humus chernozem in the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Summarization of the study results in the permanent fi eld experiment, statistical method, dispersion method, correlation analysis of performance parameters, structures of phytomass, quality and quantity items of carbon and nitrogen balance. Results. In the organic system of fertilization, the removal of N increased to 0.25 units per capacity unit of nitrogen balance, which is 1.47 times higher, and the total loss of N increased 1.1 times (0.31 units per capacity unit of nitrogen balance) regarding the intense system of fertilization, but with lower values of balance items for nitrogen in the agrocenosis. Direct and strong correlation relationships were revealed between the yield of fodder units and the content of organic carbon in the structural
components of the total phytomass: with organic carbon in the main products and root mass – R = 0.86–0.88 ± 0.02; R^2 = 0.74–0.77, and with the content of organic carbon in by-products and non- commodity total phytomass the relation to the yield of fodder units was on the level of direct mean correlation: R = 0.58–0.65 ± 0.02; R^2 = 0.34–0.43. The increase in the yield of fodder units is accompanied with the 1.32- fold decrease in the nitrogen balance capacity regarding the intense system of fertilization. Conclusions. It was established that in case of organic system of fertilization the ratio of organic carbon and N in the agrocenosis of a short crop rotation is the most optimal and approximates 30:1, which is the most profi table for humifi cation of by-products and decrease in the intensity of humus mineralization. Balance capacity is a restrictive factor in the circulation of organic carbon and N at the organic fertilization system, as it may considerably concede the balance capacity of organic carbon
and N at the intense fertilization system, which had a negative impact on the performance of crop rotation.
Literary reminiscences in the media texts as means of popularization reading
Authors: Khmil-Chupryna V.
Published: May 2019

Literary reminiscences are often used in journalistic texts. They can be implemented into journalistic materials in various forms: it may be a reference to a literary work, characters, other images, or citation of the text. Literary reminiscences are used by the authors of journalistic materials primarily to enhance the emotivity and expressiveness of the text. However, along with this, they also perform an important function of culture transferring. A correlation of literary reminiscences with genres has been traced and it is noted that such technique is most often found in the journalistic genres of art and journalism, in particular in essays, blogs and authors’ columns. The mention of writers’ names, famous characters or the use of fragments of literary works is connected with the functional features of these journalistic genres. The author of a journalistic text, introducing literary reminiscences to it, appeals to the reader’s basic knowledge of literature and, consequently, makes him remember something known, or refer to reference sources to find out the unknown. Literary reminiscences not only update the basic knowledge of the fiction reader, but also become a powerful stimulus for their expansion. Thus, propaganda and popularization of reading are taking place. In the process of research, in addition to general scientific methods, a descriptive and comparative methods have been used. The scientific novelty of the study is that literary reminiscences in journalistic texts are considered in the aspect of reading popularization for the first time. The study may complement the curricula of the courses “Theory and History of Journalism”, “Mass Communication and Information”, “Practical Stylistics”, “Publicism”, “Theory of Social Communications” in the aspect of the role of media in the popularization of reading. Prospect for the further research is a more detailed analysis of literary reminiscences in the media texts, in particular, the search for references to works of Ukrainian literature.
Antibacterial effect of orange Monascus pigment against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Feng L.H. , Li Y.Q. , Sun G.J. , Zhao X.Z.
Published: May 2019

The objective of this work was to research the antibacterial effects of orange pigment, which was separated from Monascus pigments, against Staphylococcus aureus. The increase of the diameter of inhibition zone treated with orange pigment indicated that orange pigment had remarkable antibacterial activities against S. aureus. Orange pigment (10 mg ml−1) had a strong destructive effect on the membrane and structure of S. aureus by the analysis of scanning electron microscopy as well as transmission electron microscopy. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) further demonstrated that the cell membrane was seriously damaged by orange pigment, which resulted in the leakage of protein from S. aureus cells. A significant decrease in the synthesis of DNA was also seen in S. aureus cells exposed to 10 mg ml−1 orange pigment. All in all, orange pigment showed excellent antibacterial effects against S. aureus.
Two Electro-weak Phases in the \(SU(2)_1 \otimes SU(2)_2 \otimes U(1)_Y\) Model
Authors: Phong Vo Quoc , Anh Nguyen Minh
Published: May 2019

Our analysis shows that SM-like electroweak phase transition (EWPT) in the \(SU(2)_1 \otimes SU(2)_2 \otimes U(1)_Y\) (2-2-1) model is a first-order phase transition at the $200$ GeV scale, enough for baryogenesis. This first order EWPT is described by a non-smooth correlation length function. The second VEV is larger than 1.1 TeV in a two-stage EWPT senarino.
In Memoriam: Patrick G. Johnston (1958–2017)
Authors: Chabner Bruce A.
Published: May 2019

Reflections on the career and accomplishments of Professor Patrick G. Johnston, who is still greatly missed.
Manavgat yöresinde örtüaltı domates (Solanum lycopersicum) yetiştiriciliğinde beslenme durumlarının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: HAN Şule , SÖNMEZ İlker
Published: May 2019

Bu
çalışma Manavgat yöresinde sera koşullarında tek dönem domates (Solanum lycopersicum) yetiştiriciliği
yapılan alanlarda bitkilerin beslenme durumlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Bu kapsamda 19 seradan bitki örnekleri ve 2 farklı toprak derinliğinden (0-20
cm ve 20-40 cm) toprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Yaprak örneklerinde N, P, K, Ca,
Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn ve Cu analizleri; toprak örneklerinde ise pH, elektriksel
iletkenlik (EC), kireç (CaCO3), organik madde, bünye, N, P, K, Ca,
Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn ve Cu analizleri yapılmıştır. 
Yaprak analizi sonuçlarına göre; toplam N çoğunlukla yeterli ve yüksek,
P bakımından genel olarak yeterli, K bakımından noksan, Ca ve Mg bakımından
yeterli, Fe bakımından noksan, Mn bakımından yeterli, Zn bakımından noksan ve
yeterli, Cu bakımından yeterli ve noksan sınır değerleri arasında olduğu
belirlenmiştir. Toprak analizlerine göre sera topraklarının genellikle kumlu
killi tın bünyeye sahip olduğu, tuzluluk probleminin olmadığı, pH ve kireç
içeriğinin yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Toprak örneklerinin organik madde
kapsamlarının düşük, toplam N açısından yeterli, alınabilir P değerleri yüksek,
değişebilir K bakımından yetersiz, değişebilir Ca bakımından orta ve iyi,
değişebilir Mg bakımından iyi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Alınabilir Fe ve Zn
bakımından iyi, Mn ve Cu bakımından ise yeterli olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Yörede sera üretiminin yoğun olduğu ve özellikle yaprak ve toprak analizlerine
bağlı olarak gübreleme yapılmaması nedeniyle beslenme durumlarında eksiklikler
gözlenmekle birlikte bu durumun verimde kayıplara neden olabileceği tahmin
edilmektedir.
Gamma-H2AX Assay for Biodosimetry v1
Authors: Mishra Krishnanand , Pulicat S , Alharbi N , Bin-Judia S , Moftah B , Alsbeih G
Published: May 2019

Estimation of DNA damage biomarker gamma-H2AX to assess radiation doses received in the event of radiation emergency.
UC Davis - Basic Adipocyte Culture Protocol v1
Authors: Kent Lloyd K.C.
Published: May 2019

Summary: BasicAdipocyteCultureProtocol
UC Davis - Catalase v1
Authors: Havel Peter
Published: May 2019

Summary: Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6; 2H2O2 oxidoreductase) is an ubiquitous antioxidant enzyme that is present in most aerobic cells. Catalase (CAT) is involved in the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is a toxic product of both normal aerobic metabolism and pathogenic ROS production. This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of two molecules of H2O2 to molecular oxygen and two molecules of water (catalytic activity). CAT also demonstrates peroxidatic activity, in which low molecular weight alcohols can serve as electron donors. While the aliphatic alcohols serve as specific substrates for CAT, other enzymes with peroxidatic activity do not utilize these substrates. In humans, the highest levels of catalase are found in liver, kidney, and erythrocytes, where it is believed to account for the majority of hydrogen peroxide decomposition. The Cayman Chemical Catalase Assay Kit utilizes the peroxidatic function of CAT for determination of enzyme activity. The method is based on the reaction of the enzyme with methanol in the presence of an optimal concentration of H2O2. The formaldehyde produced is measured spectrophotometrically with 4-amino3-hydrazino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (Purpald) as the chromogen. Purpald specifically forms a bicyclic heterocycle with aldehydes, which upon oxidation changes from colorless to a purple color. The assay can be used to measure CAT activity in plasma, serum, erythrocyte lysates, tissue homogenates, and cell lysates.
UC Davis - Comprehensive Laboratory Animal Monitoring System (CLAMS) v1
Authors: Takeuchi Peter , Knotts Trina
Published: May 2019

Summary: Energy expenditure is measured using an indirect respiration calorimetry system (CLAMS, Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH). Air is drawn through calorimetry chambers and flow rate is controlled and measured with a mass flow controller. Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production are measured and used to calculate energy expenditure (or heat production, kilocalories (kcal)) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER: VCO2/VO2). The calorimetry chambers are also equipped with sensors, which allow the measurement of physical activity, food intake and water intake. All calorimetry chambers are housed within a temperature and light controlled incubator. The system contains 8 calorimetry chambers. Animals are acclimated to the facility for at least 1 week. Animals are then acclimated to the CLAMS cages and powdered diet for 48 hours and to the light and temperature-controlled chamber for 24 hours prior to testing. Analyzed data constitutes data collected from 48 hours of continuous measurement (2 light/2 dark cycles). To investigate the influence of exercise on energy expenditure and substrate oxidation, the chambers can also be fitted with running wheels or the animals can be placed in separate chambers containing treadmills.
UC Davis - Corticosterone RIA v1
Authors: Havel Peter
Published: May 2019

Summary: The RIA (RadioImmuno Assay) is an assay method used for the quantification of various proteins. A standardized concentration of antibody specific to the analyte of interest is pipetted into test tubes. A standardized concentration of the analyte of interest that is labeled with a radioisotope (usually 125I) is added to the tubes. Standards and samples are pipetted into the tubes and the tubes are incubated. During the incubation period the standardized concentration of labeled analyte and the unknown concentration of analyte in the samples will compete for binding sites on the antibody. After the incubation period a precipitating reagent is added to the tubes and the bound antibodies are precipitated out using the double antibody-polyethyleneglycol precipitation technique. The tubes are centrifuged and the supernatant is aspirated and the precipitate is counted (using a gamma counter if 125I is used). If there is a low concentration of the analyte of interest in the samples, the labeled analyte will have a higher probability for binding to the antibody and thus there will be a higher count in the precipitate. If there is a high concentration of the analyte of interest in the samples there will be a lower count of labeled analyte in the precipitate. The counts and known concentrations of the standards are used to generate a standard curve, and the counts of the samples are used to interpolate quantitative concentrations for the analyte of interest from the standard curve.
UC Davis - Creatinine Protocol v1
Authors: Havel Peter
Published: May 2019

Summary: The method employed here is based on an enzymatic colorimetric determination of creatinine which largely eliminates interferences known to the Jaffe method. In the final reaction sequence, the formation of the quinoneimine dye product results in an increase in absorbance at 550 nm (530-570 nm) which is directly proportional to the creatinine concentration in the sample. Potential interference from endogenous creatine and sarcosine are eliminated by the reaction of creatine amidinohydrolase, sarcosine oxidase and catalase before creatinine is determined. Ascorbate oxidase is included in the reagent to eliminate the influence of ascorbate in the sample.
UC Davis - ELISA Protocol v1
Authors: Havel Peter
Published: May 2019

Summary: The ELISA (Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay) is an assay method used for the quantification of various proteins. A plate is coated with a capture antibody specific to the analyte of interest. Standards and samples are pipetted into the plate. After an incubation period the wells are washed and any unbound analyte is removed. An enzyme-linked antibody that is specific to the analyte of interest is added to the wells. After an incubation period the wells are washed and any unbound antibody is removed. The analyte of interest is now sandwiched between the capture antibody and the enzyme-linked antibody. A substrate (normally 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine) is added which reacts with the enzyme (normally horseradish peroxidase) conjugated to the secondary antibody. A blue color develops in proportion to the amount of analyte sandwiched between the two antibodies. After an incubation period the reaction is stopped with the addition of an acid which turns the blue color to yellow. The intensity of the color development is measured using a spectrophotometer. The absorbance readings and known concentrations of the standards are used to generate a standard curve, and the absorbance readings of the samples are used to interpolate quantitative concentrations for the analyte of interest from the standard curve.
UC Davis - Electrocardiography v1
Authors: Singapuri Anil
Published: May 2019

Summary: Cardiac hypertrophy is one of the most common causes of heart failure. The development of cardiac hypertrophy and failure can be monitored using electrocardiography (ECG) in conscious animals. ECG is used to measure the rate and regularity of heartbeats as well as the size and position of the chambers, the presence of any damage to the heart, and the effects of drugs or devices used to regulate the heart.
UC Davis - Erectile Dysfunction v1
Authors: Jin Li-Ming
Published: May 2019

Summary: Erectile function is well regulated by vasorelaxant and vasoconstrictive mechanisms, which can be perturbed by various disease states including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hormonal insufficiencies. This protocol enables us to asses erectile function by measuring the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and intracavernosal pressure (ICP) upon electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve. Modified from: Burnett et al Science. 1992 Jul 17;257(5068):401-3.; Quinlan et al J Urol. 1989 Mar;141(3):656-61.; and Jin et al J Sex Med. 2008 Mar;5(3):544-51.
UC Davis - Genotyping v1
Authors: Willis Brandon
Published: May 2019

Summary: Standard PCR conditions for genotyping of mutant mouse DNA extracted from somatic (e.g., tail) tissue.
UC Davis - Gut Microbiome Analysis (454-3K reads) v1
Authors: Knotts Trina
Published: May 2019

Summary: The work of Gordon and colleagues (i.e., Nature. 2006 Dec 21;444(7122):1027-31) has shown that obesity can result in marked shifts in the gut microbiome in mice and other models including humans. While the role of the microbiome remains to be fully elucidated, the gut microbiota can no longer be ignored as a potentially important factor when assessing metabolic phenotype. This service involves 16S gene variable region (V1-V3 or V3-V4 directed primers) sequencing by Titanium 454 (3000 avg seq read depth) of feces, cecal, or other GI contents. Sequences can be processed through a bioinformatics pipeline (Qiime) to taxonomically classify them and to assess alpha and beta diversity of the community. In addition, Principal Components Analysis (PCA) or partial least squares- discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) can leverage variances in the relative microbial abundances to better understand how specific microbes contribute to separation by group. Correlational analyses can identify which variables of host metadata associate with specific microbes. The Core’s gut microbiome assay will employ this approach to uncover unique microbiota fingerprints in test mice. One caveat is that with fecal samples, patterns are only a surrogate for actual gut microbiota patterns, and may not exactly reflect the intestinal populations.
UC Davis - HbA1c Protocol v1
Authors: Havel Peter
Published: May 2019

Summary: Direct Enzymatic HbA1c test is an enzymatic assay in which lysed whole blood samples are subjected to extensive protease digestion with Bacillus sp protease. This process releases amino acids including glycated valines from the hemoglobin beta chains. Glycated valines then serve as substrates for specific recombinant fructosyl valine oxidase (FVO) enzyme, produced in E. coli. The recombinant FVO specifically cleaves N-terminal valines and produces hydrogen peroxide. This, in turn, is measured using a horseradish per-oxidase (POD) catalyzed reaction and a suitable chromagen. The HbA1c concentration is expressed directly as %HbA1c by use of a suit-able calibration curve in which the calibrators have values for each level in %HbA1c.
UC Davis - Insulin signaling pathway v1
Authors: G. Haj Fawaz
Published: May 2019

Summary: This test is designated to determine defects in the insulin signaling pathway, through evaluation of the activation state of the insulin receptor (IR) and its substrate (IRS1/2), as well as downstream target, mainly Akt and MAP kinases.
UC Davis - Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test v1
Authors: G. Haj Fawaz
Published: May 2019

Summary: An intraperitoneal Glucose tolerance test or ipGTT is designed to determine clearance of an intraperitoneally injected glucose load from the body. Animals are fasted for approximately 16 hours, a solution of glucose is administered by intraperitoneal (IP) injection and blood glucose is measured at different time points during 2 hours post-injection.
UC Davis - Imaging CMGI v1
Authors: J. Rowland Douglas
Published: May 2019

Summary: The Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging (CMGI) provides small animal imaging services for preclinical research. Contrast agents are a prerequisite for scientifically useful imaging studies involving microPET and microSPECT. In some studies, a contrast agent is also necessary for microCT imaging studies. Contrast agents include iodine-based compounds for x-ray computed tomography (CT), gadolinium for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and radioactive tracers for positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).
UC Davis - Inflammation pathway v1
Authors: G. Haj Fawaz
Published: May 2019

Summary: This test is designated to determine if rodents exhibit inflammatory disorders, through evaluation of the activation state of key proteins such as JNK and p38 MAP kinases. We will examine the inflammatory state of adipose and liver tissues.
The Use of Facebook in the Slovenian Local Self-Government: Empirical Evidence
Authors: Jukić Tina , Svete Blaž
Published: May 2019

The paper presents a contribution to the rapidly growing field of social networks usage in public administration organizations. Despite the increasing volume of research in this field, there is a lack of detailed empirical evidence. To address the issue, we aim here at comprehensive empirical analysis of the usage of Facebook as the most popular social networking site among Slovenian municipalities. The methodology of research is based on 21 indicators measuring usage, engagement, multichannel features, multi-media content, and the existence of a social networks usage strategy. The measurement has been performed in each of the 212 Slovenian municipalities. Their Facebook interaction has been observed in a period of six months, from November 2015 to May 2016. The analysis results reveal that only 36% of the Slovenian municipalities were present on Facebook in 2016, with almost a quarter having a zero interaction rate on their Facebook pages/profiles in the observed six-month period. In particular, one-way interaction was recorded on municipal Facebook pages, leaving considerable room for improvement as regards the usage of Facebook as a social network with the highest potential of reach and engagement in terms of number of its users. The results are useful for information and benchmarking purposes for Slovenian and foreign municipal managers.
Making Transparency Work: Experiences from the Evaluation of the Hamburg Transparency Law
Authors: Mueller Christoph E. , Engewald Bettina
Published: May 2019

Freedom of information acts (FOIA) aim to improve the public’s opportunities to access official information from public authorities and hence to increase the level of transparency. Thus, it is important to know whether and to what degree the effects intended by establishing FOIAs are achieved and how their implementation could be improved. Hence, this article presents the evaluation of the Hamburg Transparency Law (HmbTG)– Germany’s first FOIA that binds authorities to disclose government information proactively. The purpose of the paper is to provide a valuable example of how evaluating FOIA might produce useful information for policymakers and public authorities. The analysis results, based on a mixed set of methods (i.e. standardised surveys, statistical secondary data, qualitative expert interviews, and criteria-driven document analysis), lead to the conclusion that the HmbTG was very effective in providing the direct access. On the other hand, it was found that strategies for implementing the law varied considerably between authorities, yet proactive disclosure was overall implemented effectively. Moreover, this law shows some weaknesses to be improved in the future. Besides providing practitioners with valuable insights into how a transparency law may be implemented, the evaluation of the HmbTG also provides researchers with ideas how FOIA evaluation might be conducted comprehensively.
Current Tendencies of Judicial Review as Reflected in the New Hungarian Code of Administrative Court Procedure
Authors: Rozsnyai Krisztina F.
Published: May 2019

The continuing expansion of judicial review of administrative actions, as seen throughout Europe, led to the engulfment of the administrative judiciary towards the end of the last century. Review within a reasonable timeframe is hard to grant for this reason: the tensions between lawfulness and efficiency are amplified. The answers given to alleviate this tension raise questions that lie at the heart of the principle of separation of powers. This article aims to present some of respective tendencies, which lead to new equilibriums in the system of checks and balances between public administration and the judiciary. To concretise these tendencies, the article analyses some relevant solutions given by the very new code on administrative court procedures, the Hungarian Act No. I of 2017. The most important elements of the regulation of procedures for judicial review of administrative action are provided in a dogmatic and a comparative perspective showing the changes of rules and/or their interpretation through the judiciary. Thus, also important challenges regarding the present understanding of the doctrine of separation of powers are emphasised. The most important elements of the new Hungarian regulation are presented in a coherent system, which also gives insight on the codificational considerations. Moreover, the legislation and jurisprudence must deal with the highlighted aspects in any national and EU legal systems alike.
Effectiveness of Judicial Protection against Administrative Silence in the Czech Republic
Authors: Skulová Soňa , Potěšil Lukáš , Hejč David , Bražina Radislav
Published: May 2019

This paper is devoted to the issue of judicial protection in case of (or against) administrative silence (inactivity) and its effectiveness on the case study of the Czech Republic. The aim of judicial protection against administrative silence is to help solving or terminating administrative silence quickly, otherwise, an imaginary vicious circle is created. The purpose of the paper is to verify whether judicial protection is indeed effective by surveying the related legislation and court practice (especially the length of proceedings) dealing with the so-called inactivity. The methods of analysis applied are normative analysis, literature review, statistical analysis of decision-making activities of courts and deduction. Our findings establish that due to the excessive length of court proceedings and incomprehensible legal regulation it is difficult to view the judicial protection against administrative silence as being a speedy and effective instrument of remediation of inactivity on the part of administrative authorities. The results can serve as a ground to compare the situation with other similar countries and to exchange best practices.
Conflict of Interest: Legal and Ethical Aspects in Local Self-Government in Slovakia
Authors: Mitaľ Ondrej
Published: May 2019

Serving the public interest should be perceived as a fundamental goal of public administration. Regarding the complexity of social reality, various motives could influence public officials’ behaviour and decision-making. Conflict of interest is mostly discussed as an issue, which relates to activities of elected officials. In this sense, the paper concentrates on rules and standards connected with the conflict of interest, which have to be observed by the public officials. The paper tries to be an interdisciplinary insight and emphasizes the legal and ethical approaches to the examined issue. In this sense, the paper tries to examine the managing of risks and impacts of the examined issue at the local level of self-government in the Slovak Republic. The hypothesis is based on the precondition that ethical norms can define aspects of the conflict of interest more precisely than the relevant legal acts. In the paper, the methods of content analysis, abstraction, comparison and synthesis are involved. The benefit of paper is based on the finding that ethical norms could define important aspects of the conflict of interest more precisely than legal acts. The author presumes that complementarity of legal systems and ethical infrastructure could minimize contradictory and negative impacts of the conflict of interest. Based on this fact, local self-government units should adopt codes of ethics if they want to improve the managing of risks and impacts of the conflict of interest.