bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Idő- és jövőértelmezés a stratégiakutatásban és a tudatos jövőalkotás (előretekintés – foresight) vállalati gyakorlata
Authors: Gáspár Judit
Published: December 2020

A stratégiakutatás eltérő megközelítéseinek áttekintésével (stratégia tartalmára, folyamatára és gyakorlatára irányuló kutatások) a szerző megadja azt a gondolkodási keretet, mellyel központi kérdését, a stratégiaalkotás idő- és jövőértelmezését kívánja értelmezni. Ezt követően a különböző stratégiai iskolák idő- és jövőértelmezésének bemutatása és elemzése következik. Mindezt azzal az elméleti céllal teszi, hogy ráirányítsa a stratégiát kutatók és a gyakorló stratégiaalkotók figyelmét arra hogy a vállalati működésüket meghatározó ún. „domináns logikák” mögött milyen rejtett és kevéssé reflektált időértelmezések, jövőalkotási alapfeltevések húzódnak meg. A cikk második felében egy tudatos jövőalkotó szemléletet feltételező előretekintő (foresight) vállalati stratégiaalkotó folyamatról lesz szó, ez a jövőorientált megközelítés hidat képezhet a stratégiai iskolák által meghatározott domináns logika és a jövőorientált stratégiaalkotás között.
Electroacupuncture vs Prucalopride for Severe Chronic Constipation: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled, Noninferiority Trial
Authors: Liu Baoyan , Wu Jiani , Yan Shiyan , Zhou Kehua , He Liyun , Fang Jianqiao , Fu Wenbin , Li Ning , Su Tongsheng , Sun Jianhua , Zhang Wei , Yue Zenghui , Zhang Hongxing , Zhao Jiping , Zhou Zhongyu , Song Hujie , Wang Jian , Liu Li'an , Wang Linpeng , Lv Xiaoying , Yang Xiaofang , Liu Yan , Sun Yuanjie , Wang Yang , Qin Zongshi , Zhou Jing , Liu Zhishun
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION:

This multicenter, randomized, noninferiority trial compared electroacupuncture with prucalopride for the treatment of severe chronic constipation (SCC).

METHODS:

Participants with SCC (≤ 2 mean weekly complete spontaneous bowel movements [CSBMs]) were randomly assigned to receive either 28-session electroacupuncture over 8 weeks with follow-up without treatment over 24 weeks or prucalopride (2 mg/d before breakfast) over 32 weeks. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants with ≥3 mean weekly CSBMs over weeks 3–8, based on the modified intention-to-treat population, with −10% as the noninferior margin.

RESULTS:

Five hundred sixty participants were randomized, 280 in each group. Electroacupuncture was noninferior to prucalopride for the primary outcome (36.2% vs 37.8%, with a difference of −1.6% [95% confidence interval, −8% to 4.7%], P < 0.001 for noninferiority); almost the same results were found in the per-protocol population. The proportions of overall CSBM responders through weeks 1–8 were similar in the electroacupuncture and prucalopride groups (24.91% vs 25.54%, with a difference of −0.63% [95% confidence interval, −7.86% to 6.60%, P = 0.864]). Except during the first 2-week treatment, no between-group differences were found in outcomes of excessive straining, stool consistency, and quality of life. Adverse events occurred in 49 (17.69%) participants in the electroacupuncture group and 123 (44.24%) in the prucalopride group. One non-treatment-related serious adverse event was recorded in the electroacupuncture group.

DISCUSSION:

Electroacupuncture was noninferior to prucalopride in relieving SCC with a good safety profile. The effects of 8-week electroacupuncture could sustain for 24 weeks after treatment. Electroacupuncture is a promising noninferior alternative for SCC (see Visual Abstract, http://links.lww.com/AJG/B776).
Diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes and pregnancy. Modern view of the problem
Authors: Shilova Ekaterina S. , Borovik Natalya V. , Yarmolinskaya Maria I.
Published: December 2020

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is specific kidney damage in patients with diabetes mellitus. DN develops relatively often in pregestational diabetes patients (5,9-26%) and stills one of the main limitations for successful pregnancy in this patients’ group. Advanced DN increases risks of poor pregnancy outcomes for women and fetuses including chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, high rate of preeclampsia, preterm deliveries, Cesarean sections, perinatal mortality and neonatal morbidity. At the same time there are more and more successful pregnancies with advanced DN in the wold.

In our paper we systematize global experience of planning and management pregnancies with type 1 diabetes and DN in different stages of renal impairment. We discuss role of nephroprotective therapy in preconception care, achievement and maintaining blood pressure goals, multidisciplinary team care for improvement pregnancy outcomes in type 1 diabetic women with DN.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Household Waste in Denpasar City
Authors: ARMADI Made , SUARNA Wayan , SUDARMA Made , MAHENDRA Made Sudiana , SUDIPA Nyoman
Published: December 2020

The increasing population growth and changing consumption patterns of the people have resulted in an increase in the volume, type and characteristics of waste. The rate of waste production continues to increase, not only in line with the rate of population growth but also in line with the increasing consumption patterns of society and the level of people's income. The solid waste sector is one of the sources of greenhouse gas emissions that is important to address because the decomposition of waste is a significant source of CH4 whose addition to the atmosphere contributes to climate change, so regional and national mitigation actions in the waste sector are very important. the increase in greenhouse gases caused by human activities in producing greenhouse gases is greater than the ability of the environment to repair itself. The greenhouse gas produced exceeds the ability of the environment to recycle so that greenhouse gases accumulate in the atmosphere. The increase in emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O gases in the atmosphere causes various problems, including changes in the nature of the climate which have an impact on climate change. The problem of garbage in Denpasar City cannot be separated from various factors because Denpasar City is the capital of Bali Province, the center of education, the center of the economy and is one of the tourist destinations with a cultural perspective, resulting in a high population growth rate which has an impact on the volume of waste, one of which is household waste. Community behavior in managing household waste plays a role in causing greenhouse gas emissions, such as the act of burning garbage and littering. Efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the City of Denpasar are carried out through composting, reuse, reduce and recicle activities both at the community level and in landfills. Achievement of reducing greenhouse gas emissions based on mitigation actions in the domestic solid waste sub-sector in Denpasar City for the period 2010 to 2019 was 17.2 Gg CO2e with weighting of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from composting by 15.1 Gg CO2e and the rest from 3R activities of 2.1 Gg CO2e.
An Investigation Into Medical Waste Management Practices In Hospitals In Northern Peninsula Malaysia
Authors: OMRAN Abdelnaser , MOHAMMED Mohammed Khalifa Abdelsalam
Published: December 2020

The main aim of the study was toinvestigatethe medical waste management practices located in the north part hospitals in Malaysia. The northern part includes (Penang, Kedah, Perlis and Perak States). A questionnaire survey was mainly used for gathering information concerning different medical waste management aspects by identifying training services, segregation, and containers, storage, collection, transportation as well as ward attendants. Forty (40) hospitals (public and private) located in the above-mentioned stateswere targeted. The sample size of the whole study was 250 questionnaires; these questionnaires came from different hospitals where they located in the states of Penang, Kedah, Perlis, and Perak. As results, it was found from the analysis that although training programs were offered in the most places, there were not common centralized areas for training and even not applicable at all by 3.5% within the hospitals surveyed in Penang state accordingly to the administrative questionnaire. However, ongoing training programs either for old or new workers had been not identified. The responsibility for the waste to get segregated obviously not practiced by clear designated staff. Other numbers of problems that hospitals are facing in terms of medical waste managementinclude lack of sacks which are not totally subjected to tear, lack of provisional measures carried out to prohibit liquids running out from waste and not enough protective gear were used by workers. From the results of this study, it was clear that medical waste had not received sufficient attention according to WHO recommendation standard. Therefore, it was concluded that the majority of the examined areas had shown lack of practices in terms of segregation, collection, storage and transportation in dealing efficiently with medical waste management. In addition to that, all the interested parties (government, hospitals and workers at healthcare facilities) wrer recommended to implement a safe reliable medical waste management strategy, not only in legislation and policy formation but also particularly in its monitoring and enforcement, which can be achieved by the cooperation of Ministry of Health, Environmental Quality Authority, Ministry of Local Government, and Non-Governmental Organizations working in the same fields.
Nipa Forest as the Ecological Services in Eastern Coast of Thailand
Authors: PIEKKOONTOD Tantus , PACHANA Pumiphat K. , HRIMPENG Karnjana , CHAROENJIT Kitsanai
Published: December 2020

The objectives aimed to revision the current situation of the Nipa forest area according to land use as well as the direct and indirect value of use from Nipa palm in the Eastern-Coastal Watershed. From the study, the Nipa forest area in the East-Coast Gulf of Rayong, Chanthaburi, and Trat have a total area of 0.295 km2, which covers the basin of Chanthaburi, Prasae, Trat, and Welu Sub-watershed. Interview and group discussion have been collected from 398 households. The result confirms that 53% of total household income is generated from nipa forest productivity such as fishes, crabs and prawn, whereas aquacultural and non-farm incomes were originating to 28% and 19% of total income, respectively. The result succeeds that revenue from the Nipa forest as fish, crab, prawn and nipa product is 36%, 28%, 9% and 27%, respectively. Therefore, the results established that local source of revenue generally relies on the Nipa forest ecosystem. Nypa fruticans (Nipa palm) are significant sources of subsistence to people who living in riparian and coastal zone in the eastern coast basin of Thailand. Local peoples have traditionally managed the Nipa palm service for the sources of food and construction materials. The result show that Income from the gathering of nipa was the foremost income source (53.8 %) as the raw material to make the products. The most important of nipa utilization, 36 % were made of nipa roof, 28% were made of tobacco wrap, 22% of houses were made of dessert and wrapped it by nipa leaves. Only Nipa palm product was 2,425.72 U.S. dollar/year (equal to 75,786 bath/year) Fisheries value from the Nipa forest, fish were the main product (358.48 U.S. dollar/year) which followed by shrimp that the value was 336.08 U.S. dollar/year and the average income from fisheries was 1,009.2 U.S. dollar/year. Therefore, results approved that local source of revenue generally related on the Nipa forest ecosystem. Local people thought that, nipa area have been decreased. (88%) due to the disturbance of Nipa forest. the majority cause of degradation due to capitalist exploitation. Most of respondent (74%) were surveillance and notification to the local government to conservation Nipa forest and the management of Nipa forest resources could be take the awareness to their family (68%). Increased nipa area in the village or community forest (22%) and access to the schedule to collect the natural product from Nipa forest (7%), the respondents are willing to participate in determining the time to harvest Nipa product and require the government to support, promote, and provide training to produce products from Nipa Palm.
Assessment of Waste Management System Among Hotels and Guest Houses in Minna
Authors: OLUWOLE Ebenezer Adegboyega , ATTAHIRU Hamza , OYEDIRAN Olorunfemi Boye , OMOTUGBA Stephen Kayode , MEDUNA Patience Ndidi , KOLAWOLE Gbemiga Thaddaeus
Published: December 2020

The production and management of waste has become an important point of interest for hoteliers and their managers globally due to its environmental impacts. In the bid to become more sustainable or environmentally responsible, hotels and guest houses are going green. Thus, this study examines waste management system adopted lodging facilities in Minna, Niger State. Data collection was performed using questionnaire administered to managers of 26 sampled lodging facilities. Result revealed that three units (rooms, kitchen and store/wharehouse) out of the nine units examined produce the highest volume of wastes As plastic, paper, organic, and water wastes are topmost in the categories of wastes produce, while large percentage of the wastes are either burnt, landfill, or dump in the water ways or municipal dump site without seperation. The findings will help foster a new paradigm shift to mitigate the environmental impact of the waste produced by accomoodation outfits.
The Green Technology Practices and Investments of Sipalay City Beach-Resorts
Authors: MALACAPAY Marjon C. , TABABA Reynaldo
Published: December 2020

The study of exploring the green technology practices and investments of beach-resorts in Sipalay City, Negros Occidental, Philippines, was realized in support of the worldwide call of promoting responsible and sustainable ecotourism sites. It discloses how these six resorts use green products in their operations, manage their waste, energy, and water resources, uncover practices that need improvement, including its primary causes, and evaluate their green technology investments' progress. This study is qualitative and designed as a multiple case study. Data were collected and validated through methodological triangulation (interview, document analysis, and on-site validation) and analyzed using Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA). Thus, notable findings include the resorts' use of stainless in replacement to plastic straws, glasses instead of disposable cups, and paper instead of Styrofoam boxes. Hence, the absence of compost pitting, the lack of a water control system, and the undersupply of solar panels are a few of the resorts' drawbacks. Therefore, this study discerns that the disproportion between capital and return of investments and the guests' lodging behavior influences the resorts' green technology practices and investments.
Correlations between Severity of Disease with Anxiety Levels in Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Zahra Maulida , Wildan Arief , Prihatningtias Riski , Rahmi Fifin Luthfia
Published: December 2020

Background: Glaucoma is a group of diseases consisting of optic neuropathy characterized by damage to the retinal nerve fibers and narrowing of the visual field accompanied by increased intraocular pressure as a risk factor. Vision loss in glaucoma patients is considered as a separate stressor. Besides that, decrease visual function can also cause a person to lose his job and loss of social functions. This can trigger anxiety to depression.Objective: To analyze the correlations between the severity of disease with anxiety levels in glaucoma patients.Methods: This was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. Subjects were taken by consecutive sampling with inclution criterias were patients with moderate or severe glaucoma, able to follow the interview process and 30-80 years old. The exclusion criteria of this study were patients who was taking anti-anxiety, antidepressant, or antipsychotic drugs and having other serious / chronic disease such as heart disease, diabetes, or hypertension. Anxiety level was assessed based on the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS) questionnaire. Analysis of the data using the Spearman Correlation test.Results: Sixty five glaucoma patients who underwent treatment in out patients department dr. Kariadi hospital were involved in this study.  A significant correlation was obtained between the severity of glaucoma and the level of anxiety (p = 0.004). Strong statistical correlation between variables included in the weak category (0.357). The highest anxiety level in glaucoma patients was moderate anxiety level (64.6%), followed by mild anxiety level (23.1%) and severe anxiety level (12.3%).Conclusion: There were significant correlation between the severity of the disease and the level of anxiety in glaucoma patients.
Narracje głodu czy narracje o głodzie?
Authors: Brejnak Sebastian
Published: December 2020

The aim of this article is to enumerate the main types of discourses in which the phenomenon of hunger is represented. These are following: culture of hunger (an anthropological and ethnological term describing cultural formations based on the problem of famine), politics of hunger (starvation used for political reasons), poetics of hunger (hunger as a component of a piece of art). The question about the difference between the presence of hunger (hunger’s narrative) and the representation of hunger (narrative of hunger) is the main problem of this essay. Brejnak claims that on the one hand, there is no unnarrated hunger (a natural/pure hunger) in cultural communication. On the other hand, he underlines that the experience of hunger as such is non-transitive and verbally inexpressible.
Tęsknota za ideałem. Rola dzieci w filmach i filozofii twórczej Andrieja Tarkowskiego
Authors: Sławnikowski Wojciech
Published: December 2020

The topic of the article is the role of child characters in Andrei Tarkovsky’s oeuvre. The first part concerns the early films in which children appear as main characters and represent a spiritual ideal. In the second part, later films are analysed in terms of the presence of adult characters striving for this ideal.
Być w mówieniu i być mówionym – o teorii języka Jacques’a Lacana i jej konsekwencjach dla podmiotowości
Authors: Michalik Grzegorz
Published: December 2020

It seems rather obvious that Jacques Lacan’s theory is Freudian psychoanalysis combined with structural linguistics. But it is not so conclusive: in Lacan’s work we can find many elements with different origins to linguistics. Moreover, Lacan’s subversion of structuralist theses makes any unambiguous assignment impossible. In the article, the author describes the evolution of Lacan’s theory of language and its consequences for the issue of subjectivity in psychoanalysis resulting from the use of linguistic tools.
„Zejdź Mi z oczu, szatanie!” (Mt 16,21–28) Odrzucenie Piotra czy wezwanie do pójścia za Jezusem?
Authors: Krzysztofiak Tomasz
Published: December 2020

Upomnienie Jezusa skierowane do Piotra wynika z wiernej realizacji przez Chrystusa Bożego planu zbawienia, który obejmuje mękę, śmierć i zmartwychwstanie. Piotr ukazuje niezrozumienie słów Mistrza, czego wynikiem są słowa skierowane do Jezusa, wyrażające życzenie, żeby nie spełniły się trudnie do zaakceptowania po ludzku wydarzenia. Odpowiedź Chrystusa jest nie tyle wyrazem odrzucenia i potępienia, ile wezwaniem do pójścia za Nim w pozycji ucznia, który całkowicie podporządkowuje się swemu Panu. Jezus upomina apostoła, aby ten mógł zrozumieć swój błąd i zmienić swoje postępowanie. Przesłanie Chrystusa ma wymiar uniwersalny. Każdy Jego uczeń jest wezwany, by iść za Nim, biorąc swój krzyż na ramiona, całkowicie oddając i powierzając Jemu własne życie, bo to jest jedyna droga, która prowadzi ku życiu wiecznemu.
The Neurophysiological Basis of the Trial-Wise and Cumulative Ventriloquism Aftereffects
Authors: Park Hame , Kayser Christoph
Published: December 2020

Our senses often receive conflicting multisensory information, which our brain reconciles by adaptive recalibration. A classic example is the ventriloquism aftereffect, which emerges following both cumulative (long-term) and trial-wise exposure to spatially discrepant multisensory stimuli. Despite the importance of such adaptive mechanisms for interacting with environments that change over multiple timescales, it remains debated whether the ventriloquism aftereffects observed following trial-wise and cumulative exposure arise from the same neurophysiological substrate. We address this question by probing electroencephalography recordings from healthy humans (both sexes) for processes predictive of the aftereffect biases following the exposure to spatially offset audiovisual stimuli. Our results support the hypothesis that discrepant multisensory evidence shapes aftereffects on distinct timescales via common neurophysiological processes reflecting sensory inference and memory in parietal-occipital regions, while the cumulative exposure to consistent discrepancies additionally recruits prefrontal processes. During the subsequent unisensory trial, both trial-wise and cumulative exposure bias the encoding of the acoustic information, but do so distinctly. Our results posit a central role of parietal regions in shaping multisensory spatial recalibration, suggest that frontal regions consolidate the behavioral bias for persistent multisensory discrepancies, but also show that the trial-wise and cumulative exposure bias sound position encoding via distinct neurophysiological processes.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur brain easily reconciles conflicting multisensory information, such as seeing an actress on screen while hearing her voice over headphones. These adaptive mechanisms exert a persistent influence on the perception of subsequent unisensory stimuli, known as the ventriloquism aftereffect. While this aftereffect emerges following trial-wise or cumulative exposure to multisensory discrepancies, it remained unclear whether both arise from a common neural substrate. We here rephrase this hypothesis using human electroencephalography recordings. Our data suggest that parietal regions involved in multisensory and spatial memory mediate the aftereffect following both trial-wise and cumulative adaptation, but also show that additional and distinct processes are involved in consolidating and implementing the aftereffect following prolonged exposure.
International Research Collaboration: Why I Love Germany
Authors: Hoyer Wayne D.
Published: December 2020

In this article, I discuss my experiences from my extensive research collaborations with German scholars which has resulted in over 40 publications with over 30 colleagues. The key topics are: what American co-authors have to offer German collaborators, some insights on working with international co-authors, what to look for in international collaborators, and finally, some examples of my most successful collaborations.
El gimnasio en casa (1861-1912): ¿De una moda a estilo de vida saludable?
Authors: Torrebadella Flix Xavier
Published: December 2020

When the first hygienic gymnasiums appeared in Spain, in the 1860s, home exercise was an alternative for those who could not or did not want to go to a gymnasium. The gym industry invented methods and apparatus to make physical exercise at home easier. This paper aims to describe these kinds of home gymnasiums and stimulate circumstantial and original narrative. Through the press and historical bibliographical sources of the time, we reviewed the subject in publications up to 1912. Finally, this narrative serves to conclude a problematization in the environment of Spain's weak physical culture at the beginning of the twentieth century.
Efecto de un programa de reacondicionamiento físico sobre la movilidad y fuerza muscular en personas adultas mayores con enfermedad pulmonar crónica
Authors: Heyden López Franklin , Muñoz-Rojas Derby
Published: December 2020

Respiratory problems are one of the major causes of morbidity in older adults. Chronic lung diseases affect the ventilatory capacity, limiting patients’ physical ability, which negatively affects their quality of life. Thus, pulmonary rehabilitation programs try to recondition patients’ physical capacity; as a result, their well-being improves. This study was conducted to determine the effect of a physical reconditioning program in older people with chronic lung disease; for this, a retrospective analysis of the effect of a physical exercise plan was conducted. The variables included in the study were mobility and muscle strength. Data were collected in the National Hospital of Geriatrics and Gerontology from 53 participants who attended the program between January 2012 and December 2017. This program lasts 16 weeks and comprises assessments and specific work sessions on aerobic resistance, strength, functional exercise, and respiratory physiotherapy. Results from paired t-student tests showed that there was a statistically significant improvement in muscular strength (p < 0.001) and mobility (p < 0.001) of the subjects after participating in the physical reconditioning program. It is concluded that the effective prescription of exercise for the elderly with chronic lung disease should include work on aerobic resistance, strength, functional exercise, and respiratory physiotherapy, which would positively affect agility, balance, strength, and muscular endurance.
Objetivos e instrumentos de las políticas de innovación en Costa Rica
Authors: Orozco-Barrantes Jeffrey , Guillén-Pérez Sofía
Published: December 2020

Con este estudio se pretende determinar el enfoque teórico desde el que se han diseñado las políticas e instrumentos propuestos por los principales entes públicos inmersos en el proceso de innovación en Costa Rica (MAG, MEIC, MICITT, Comex-Procomer, universidades públicas). Partimos de la identificación de los objetivos que a priori se han planteado estos actores públicos. ¿Cuál es la racionalidad que está detrás del diseño y aplicación de políticas para impulsar la innovación en el país? ¿Coinciden los objetivos planteados con los objetivos de fortalecer los componentes fundamentales de un Sistema Nacional de Innovación? Como lo plantean Kulman et al. (2010), es ideal que exista una adecuada coordinación entre la teoría para formular políticas de innovación y la práctica de las políticas mismas. Entre los resultados encontrados, destaca que algunos objetivos teóricos son contemplados por todos los actores públicos abordados (como proveer resultados en I+D y generar competencias a través del aprendizaje), mientras que otros objetivos se incorporan en menor dimensión (formar nuevos mercados, articular requerimientos de calidad e incubar empresas). Hay una pobre coordinación entre los diferentes actores.
Accurately estimating and minimizing costs for the cellulosic biomass supply chain with statistical process control and the Taguchi Loss Function
Authors: Metzner Christoph , Platzer Maximilian , Young Timothy M. , Bichescu Bogdan , Barbu Marius-Catalin , Rials Timothy G.
Published: December 2020

This research focuses on the statistical evaluation of the feedstock attributes of the biomass supply chain and the estimation of attribute costs as a function of the feedstock variability. Challenges of using cellulosic feedstocks include the variability of feedstock quality (e.g., ash content and moisture content), which impacts the final cost of the manufactured product. Statistical Process Control (SPC), Taguchi Loss Function, and components of variance techniques were illustrated for quantifying cumulative variance in the biomass supply chain. Costs in the presence of cumulative variance were estimated for switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and loblolly pine residues (Pinus taeda L.). Findings of the study indicated that additional costs from ash content variability in switchgrass increased the net cost by $19.15 per dry tonne. Additional costs from densification due to particle size variation increased net cost by $11.59 per dry tonne. Moisture content variation increased costs by $14.86 per dry tonne. This would represent a 50 to 100% increase in costs due to variation based on a $60 to $70 per dry tonne manufactured product cost. This study illustrates that total costs may be considerably underestimated if the influence of variance for key factors in the supply chain and associated costs are not estimated.
A Cytotoxic Flavanone from The Pod Peels of Theprosia vogelii Hook.f.
Authors: Kusumaningtyas Valentina Adimurti , Hardianti Nia Sri , Melina Melina , Juliawaty Lia Dewi , Syah Yana Maolana
Published: December 2020

Tephrosia vogelii Hook.f. is a species of the family Fabaceae (Leguminoceae). These plants are termed ″Polong-polongan″ in Indonesia, and are known to contain active flavonoid groups. Previous studies have shown the isolation of one known flavanone: isolonchocarpin from methanol extract, and the structure obtained was established based on chemical evidence as well as spectroscopic methods, including NMR, and also by a comparison with published data. This research is aimed at evaluating the cytotoxic property of methanol extract against larvae of Arthemia salina Leach, using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The results show potent cytotoxicity at LC50 of 41.40 ppm.
LACTOCOCCUS LACTIS STRAINS FROM INTESTINAL ORGAN OF BLACK TIPS SHARK CARCHARHINUS LIMBATUS PRODUCING NISIN-LIKE BACTERIOCIN ACTIVE AGAINST SHRIMP AND FISH PATHOGENS (VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS AND VIBRIO ALGINOLYTICUS)
Authors: Hamid Tengku Haziyamin Tengku Abdul , Ahmad Zahli Khairil Ikhwan , Alotaiby Mohammed
Published: December 2020

Shark can be a potential source for host-associated probiotics destined to be used in aquaculture. In this study, intestinal tissues of Black tip shark (Carcharhinus limbatus) was used as the source sample for inhibition screening based on spot-on-lawn and agar well diffusion methods. Out of the 80 isolates, only four showed antagonistic activities against selected indicator strains. All of the 4 isolates FA1, FA2, FA3 and FA4 were found to be Gram positive coccus, non-spore former, oxidase and catalase negatives, as well as lactose fermenters. The isolate FA1, FA2, FA3 and FA4 were found to demonstrate broad range of inhibitory spectrum on gram-positive indicator bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and the gram-negative bacterium (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus); with the highest inhibition zone at 20.0±0.1 mm, recorded on V. parahaemolyticus. The genotype of the isolates was characterized using 16S rRNA sequencing. Each sequence with a given GenBank (NCBI) accession number (MN975529 for FA1; MN982712 for FA2; MN982711 for FA3; and MN982710 for FA4) showed at least 99% similarity with Lactococcus lactis subspecies. The crude cell free supernatant (CFS) of the isolates potentially contained a putative bacteriocin displaying nisin-like properties. The pH and catalase treatments showed that neither organic acid nor hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was the inhibitory component. An almost 95% inactivation of the CFS’s antimicrobial activity was observed following treatment with trypsin suggested a presence of proteinaceous agent. Growth and inhibition studies on all isolated strains demonstrated that the inhibition properties were growth associated, with maximum inhibition achieved at ~20.0 ± 0.1 mm (or ~168 ± 17 AU/ml) at 17 hours by FA2 strain against V. parahaemolyticus. A study on the mode of inhibition demonstrated a bactericidal killing against V. parahaemolyticus. The isolation of Lactococcus lactis strain from shark is rather unique since it was commonly reported to be isolated from human and animals. These strains show bacteriocinogenic properties, broad spectrum inhibition, and more importantly, they are able to antagonise some pathogens implicated in fish or shrimp diseases. Therefore, these strains have potential for use as probiotics in aquaculture.
PROXIMATE AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME UNDERUTILIZED NIGERIAN WILD MUSHROOMS
Authors: Titilawo Mobolaji Adenike , Oluduro Anthonia Olufunke , Odeyemi Olu
Published: December 2020

This investigation aims at determining the nutritional value of twenty-three underutilized wild macrofungi from a biodiversity forest in Southwest Nigeria. The mushroom species collected across the ligneous (woody) and terrestrial (soil) habitats were analysed for proximate (moisture, protein, fibre, lipid, ash and carbohydrate), minerals (potassium, sodium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, iron and zinc) and vitamins A and C content following standard analytical procedures. Interestingly, all the mushrooms had high moisture (>80.91%) and those harvested from soil debris in the terrestrial habitat contained significantly high protein content (26.80 - 48.68%). Dietary fibre was in the range of 0.20 and 42.37%; low lipid (0.12 - 9.89%) and ash (1.25 - 14.08%) were also recorded. Furthermore, all the samples contained high carbohydrate except Macrolepiota procera (2.01%). Minerals varied across the habitats and ranged as follows: potassium (268.13 - 8972.00 mg. 100 g-1), sodium (89.36 - 425.92 mg. 100 g-1), phosphorus (0.32 - 375.51 mg. 100 g-1), magnesium (9.39 - 19.32 mg. 100 g-1) and calcium (7.98 - 37.82 mg. 100 g-1). Low iron (0.55 - 1.32 mg. 100 g-1) and zinc (2.21 - 4.98 mg. 100 g-1) were obtained. While vitamin A ranged between 0.41 and 1.41 mg. 100 g-1, vitamin C was from 4.68 to 6.93 mg. 100 g-1. Conclusively, the mushrooms investigated are a good source of nutrients and thus, can be exploited as foods or food supplements.
CORONAVIRUSES: THE VIRUSES THAT HAVE MOVED FROM THE SHADOW TO THE SPOTLIGHT OF PUBLIC ATTENTION
Authors: Charousová Ivana , Hlebová Miroslava , Hybenová Jana , Koporcová Jana
Published: December 2020

Over the millennia, infectious diseases have been mass killers on a scale we cannot begin to imagine today. Coronaviruses are different from other viral epidemics of the past decades. As Erin Mackie states in her fairy tale „From rags to riches, from a little pauper in blood-stained clogs to a princess in red Moroccan slippers; “it is appropriate to use this similitude to the coronaviruses. They are common in several species of domestic and wild animals, and in humans are usually considered to be the cause of common cold. However, the epidemics of two beta coronaviruses, SARS-CoV (2002-2003) and MERS-CoV (2012) have infected more than 10 000 people with mortality rates of 9.6% for SARS-CoV and 34.4% for MERS-CoV. Mentioned epidemics were moving the position of coronaviruses from the shadow to the spotlight and reafﬁrmed the importance of understanding how coronaviruses emerge, infect, and cause disease or death. Almost 8 years after the highly fatal MERS-CoV were appeared a series of pneumonia cases of unknown origin emerged in Wuhan, China with clinical presentations resampling to viral pneumonia. Based on the sequencing analysis of samples collected from respiratory tract of infected people, a novel coronavirus, designed as SARS-CoV-2, was detected. However, it is more widespread than SARS-CoV, more infectious than seasonal influenza and has killed more people than Ebola. With a total of 60.834.776 infected people with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 (until now) is a rank among the highest pathogenic human coronavirus that has emerged in the last two decades.
A bússola investigativa: mapeando estudos sobre projetos investigativos nos anos iniciais
Authors: Costa Patrícia , Guidotti Charles
Published: December 2020

Apresentamos neste artigo uma revisão bibliográfica, do tipo estado da arte, que objetivou mapear dissertações produzidas entre os anos de 2010 e 2019, abrangendo a temática “Ensino de Ciências por investigação nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental”. Para isto, optou-se por analisar estudos desenvolvidos em programas profissionais de pós-graduação do campo da Educação em Ciências e Matemática. Iniciamos apresentando os aspectos metodológicos da pesquisa, os programas encontrados e a seleção dos trabalhos que versam ao propósito deste estudo. A partir da análise dos dados, classificamos e descrevemos as dissertações selecionadas. Os aspectos emergentes encontrados na análise demonstram que o ensino por investigação acontece de forma colaborativa e dialógica em um cenário em que professores e estudantes articulam os conhecimentos científicos com contexto social, a partir de situações-problemas. Oportuniza a experimentação, o levantar hipóteses e o desenvolvimento de novas possibilidades de pensar e agir.
Perianal lesions as an unusual first manifestation of Crohn’s disease in pediatric patients – case series
Authors:   Students Scientific Society at the Department of Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland, Zbroja Monika , Cyranka Weronika ,   Students Scientific Society at the Department of Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland, Kuczyńska Maryla ,   Department of Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland, Brodzisz Agnieszka ,   Department of Pediatric Radiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland, Woźniak Magdalena Maria ,   Department of Pediatric Radiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
Published: December 2020

Primary symptoms of Crohn’s disease usually include, among others, abdominal pain and cramping, recurrent diarrhea, fever and weight loss. The aim of this study was to show the effectiveness of ultrasound in the diagnosis and assessment of the extent of perianal complications in Crohn’s disease. Five patients (four boys and one girl) aged from 13 to 16 years, with prolonged pain in the perianal area, which worsened when sitting, were admitted to the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology between 2017 and 2019. Each patient underwent intestinal ultrasound with a high frequency 7–12 MHz linear probe and transperineal ultrasound to assess the anal canal and the surrounding soft tissues. In each case, the echogenicity of the bowel wall was assessed for mural stratification and possible thickening. Anorectal fistulas were detected in all the five patients. Three patients (12 y.o. male, 12 y.o. female and 16 y.o. male) presented with perianal abscesses drained by fistulas. In the first patient the fistula was limited to the perianal soft tissue (22 × 23 mm); in the second patient it was localized within the ischioanal region (40 × 50 mm); and in the third patient (5–6 mm abscess) the fistula was with a hypoechoic fistulous tract reaching the sphincter. All of the patients were eventually diagnosed with Crohn’s disease as a result of further clinical workup. Ultrasound examination is a non-invasive, well-tolerated modality for the evaluation of Crohn’s disease activity and its possible complications, e.g. fistulas and abscesses. Ultrasound is especially useful in patients who require repeated follow-up investigations.
Perception of multilevel factors for entrepreneurial innovation success: A survey of university students
Authors: Borsi Balázs , Dőry Tibor
Published: December 2020

Entrepreneurial innovation is a complex phenomenon. Experimenting with research designs that could claim some degree of generalizable linking between the individual and external influencing factors is challenging. However, progress even in research niches can contribute to a more structured understanding of the process. This article focuses on the first stages of entrepreneurial innovation, using a novel questionnaire design. Responses were collected from two Hungarian universities (147 and 127 responses, respectively) and analysed using Structural Equation Modelling. The results confirm that entrepreneurial innovation success in the early stage is shaped by macro-level factors, which have an influence on risk perception through locus of control. The paper makes two contributions, demonstrating (1) the possibility of using questionnaire survey for analysing multiple levels if the narrative is under control, and (2) how individual entrepreneurs approach the start of their innovation-based business, upon which personality and environmental factors both have significant impact.
Development of lactic acid fermented, probiotic sour cherry juice
Authors: Perjéssy Judit , Hegyi Ferenc , Nagy-Gasztonyi Magdolna , Tömösközi-Farkas Rita , Zalán Zsolt
Published: December 2020

Nowadays, demand for products which beyond the overall nutritional value have a feature that protects the consumer health, have increased. Several studies have proved that fruit juices can become a suitable carrier or medium for probiotic organisms. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the possibility of the probiotication of sour cherry juice (SCJ) by fermentation with probiotic starter culture. During the fermentation 9 Lactobacillus strains were used and Újfehértói fürtös sour cherry species as raw material. To reach the recommended probiotic cell count we investigated the pH adjustment, supplementation of nutrients, the effect of dilution, and strain adaptation to SCJ. In our study the properties of the strains – such as reproduction and metabolism – and its effect on the raw material were investigated. A significant difference was observed between the number of viable cells of certain Lactobacillus strains, that is important in point of view of the development of probiotic-containing products. Furthermore, the lactic acid fermented SCJ can enhance the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity to promote the health of consumers.
Examination of the effect of type and quantity of sugar on main sensory parameters of homemade oat-flakes biscuit
Authors: Kaszab Tímea , Halasi Blanka , Kovacs Zoltan
Published: December 2020

The fiber intake is an important part of the human diet. The fiber-deficient nutrition may have long-term health problems. Oat (Avena sativa) is an excellent source of fiber and it has many health benefits due to its rich vitamin and mineral composition. Oats are used as flour and flakes in the food industry. The oat-flakes can be used in a variety of cakes, but it can be also consumed as breakfast cereals or porridge.

The objective of our work was to determine the effect of the sugar content and sugar types on main sensory parameters of oat-flakes biscuit. During the experiments, six different types of biscuit were made with the addition of white or brown sugar at three different concentration levels. The moisture content, color, and the frangibility of the samples were analyzed during the 4-day storage period. The sensory evaluation of the biscuit samples was also performed on the first day of storage.

The parameters of the rupture test and color measurement did not show significant changes during the storage, but the individual types of biscuits made of different types and quantities of sugar could be well distinguished. Results of sensory evaluation showed significant differences in frangibility, structure and stickiness parameters.
The effect of sugar substitution on model confectionary systems
Authors: Kovács Anikó , Kerti Katalin Badakné , Somogyi László
Published: December 2020

Excessive consumption of added sugar is associated with many health problems, for example obesity, type 2 diabetes, etc. Hence there is an urgent need for the product reformulation by total replacement or partial reduction of sugar in food industry. The aim of this research was to study the effect of sugar substitution (by stevia and xylitol) on model confectionary systems. We investigated differences in the texture properties, the viscosity and thermal properties of the blends. Based on our results, the sugar substitution affects the physical properties of the measured samples. The apparent viscosity and the texture properties were changed due to the different dry matter content in the samples. In the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) curves the different melting of the samples were expressed according to the changes in sugar content. Further work is needed in this field to follow up the discovered changes in thermal behaviour of these mixtures.
Impact of heat treatment and flavorings on the antioxidant capacity of black and green tea
Authors: Bodor Zsanett , Pergel Bianka , Benedek Csilla
Published: December 2020

The high antioxidant capacity of tea is well-known, but the effect of flavorings like honey or lemon has been less studied. Their antioxidants can interact with each other, the global result being also affected by the brewing temperature.

The combined effect of heat (55 and 80 °C) and flavorings (acacia and honeydew honeys, lemon juice) on the total polyphenol, total flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity of black and green teas was studied.

In many cases higher antioxidant capacity was obtained at 80 °C. Teas flavored with honeydew honey had higher antioxidant capacity than those containing acacia honey. Addition of lemon decreased the antioxidant capacity of tea with honey. No synergies were confirmed in any of the compositions investigated. Vitamin C content of lemon-containing black tea was reduced by half at 80 °C compared to tea brewed at 55 °C; while honey was shown to partly prevent this loss of ascorbic acid.
Effect of the temperature on the rheological properties of compound coating
Authors: Kaszab Tímea , Bornemisza Lídia , Badak-Kerti Katalin
Published: December 2020

The objective of our experiment was to investigate the rheological properties of a compound coating depending on the pre-treatment temperature regimes.

Compound coating samples were measured at six different temperatures with 2 °C resolution between 40 and 50 °C. One part of melted samples was measured by RV1 rotational rheometer at the actual melting temperatures and the other part of melted samples was filled into 9 × 9 × 9 mm cubes molds. These cubes were cooled 24 h in freezer (−18 °C) and next day the samples were warmed to room temperature for 3 hours with different temperature combinations. The solid cubes were measured with Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) test by SMS TA-XTplus Texture Analyzer at room temperature.

Results show the effect of pre-treatment on the viscosity of the coating. Furthermore, significant differences were found among the samples cooled with different cooling methods. Our results stress the importance of the correct handling of the materials for confectioners.
Internal Hexagon vs Conical Implant–Abutment Connections: Evaluation of 3-Year Postloading Outcomes
Authors: Mihali Sorin Gheorghe , Wang Hom-Lay , Karancsi Olimpiu , Bratu Emanuel Adrian
Published: December 2020

Different types of internal implant–abutment connections, namely hexagon and conical, have been used for implant restoration. However, data regarding the benefits of these internal connections in terms of clinical outcomes are scarce. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to compare radiographic marginal bone loss (RMBL) and associated implant complications between implants with internal hexagon (IH) connections and those with internal conical (IC) connections. Forty-nine patients with 98 implants (2 per patient) placed in the posterior mandible were recruited. All implants were inserted in pairs into solid D2 bone according to a randomized sequence; the first patient received an IH connection implant on the mesial side, while the second patient received an IC connection implant on the mesial side. Each patient received 1 implant with an IH connection and 1 with an IC connection, placed side by side. Four months after placement, all implants were loaded with single screw-retained ceramic restorations with IH or IC connections. RMBL and complications, including implant/prosthesis failure, were recorded at the time of implant loading (baseline) and at 6, 12, and 36 months after loading. The results revealed no significant between-group differences in RMBL (P = .74), gingival bleeding on probing (P = .29), and complications (P = .32). Thus, the type of internal implant–abutment connection did not affect clinical outcomes, including RMBL and implant/prosthesis failure. Future studies should additionally evaluate long-term prosthesis-related complications, such as screw loosening and fracture, between the 2 types of internal connections.