bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of CD44 as a Cell-Surface Marker for Kit Negative Interstitial Cells of Cajal in Adult Mouse Colon
Authors: Han Juan , Zhang Lei , Li Xia , Chen Ya-ping , Rong Yuan , Yan Bai-gang
Published: March 2021

Loss of Kit protein expression is proven to influence the plasticity of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) and may contribute to gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunctions. The role and fate of Kit negative ICCs are unclear, and cell-specific markers for the Kit ICCs are unknown. In this study, we treated adult mice with imatinib (a Kit signaling blocker) for 8 or 16 days and investigated whether CD44 is a specific marker for the Kit negative ICCs in the adult mouse colon. We aimed at examining the protein and mRNA level of CD44 and Kit by using Western blot and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. Our results indicated that Kit expression was downregulated for both protein and mRNA levels after imatinib treatment for 8 or 16 days as compared to the vehicle-treated mice. Interestingly, CD44 expression remained unchanged throughout the treatment. Immunostaining on whole-mount preparations for Kit and CD44 showed that CD44 was exclusively co-localized with Kit in the ICCs of the vehicle-treated mouse colon. After imatinib treatment, a number of CD44+/Kit– cells with elaborated processes were observed with an evident decrease of Kit+ cell number within the muscular layers (ICC-IM) and around the myenteric nerve plexus (ICC-MY) as compared to vehicle-treated mice. After discontinuing imatinib for 16 days, Kit+ ICC-MY and ICC-IM were completely co-localized with normalization of CD44 and Kit+ cell numbers. Overall, our results identify CD44 as a cell-specific surface marker for Kit–ICCs and may be useful to understand the role and fate of Kit– ICCs in GI disorders.
Attacked and Shaken by a Dog: A Cause of Traumatic Brain and Carotid Injury in an Infant
Authors: Stanton Amanda N. , Toms Jamie , Ritter Ann
Published: March 2021

Background: Posttraumatic carotid artery dissection (PTCAD) is a common injury in motor vehicle accidents and other extension and rotation injuries, but rarely developed from being shaken vigorously. Case Description: A 7-day-old infant presented to our facility after being attacked by a large dog. Initial examination revealed multiple puncture wounds and lacerations with visible dura. Head CT demonstrated subarachnoid, intraparenchymal, and epidural hemorrhages as well as left hemispheric loss of gray-white differentiation. Thus, the patient presented similarly to shaken baby syndrome (SBS). The patient was taken emergently to the operating room for hematoma evacuation and dural repair. Postoperatively, worsened left hemispheric ischemia was noted and an MRA demonstrated a Grade IV left ICA dissection. No intervention, including anticoagulation, was sought as the stroke was determined to be complete with irreversible damage. Hospital course was complicated by worsening exam, seizures, and a retinal hemorrhage. At 2 years follow-up, the patient still has notable delays but is progressing slowly through milestones. Conclusion: Large animal attacks are a rare cause of PTCAD but may be due to the mechanism of shaking during the attack. We propose either CTA or MRA be considered as part of the initial workup in cases where an infant is attacked by a dog or other large animals, preventing delay of treatment.
Polycaprolactone/Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffolds Obtained via Rotary Jet-Spinning: in vitro and in vivo Evaluation
Authors: de Andrade Pinto Stella Aparecida , de Nadai Dias Francisco José , Brasil Camargo Cardoso Guinea , dos Santos Junior Arnaldo Rodrigues , de Aro Andréa Aparecida , Pino Danilo Siqueira , Meneghetti Damaris Helena , Vitti Rafael Pino , dos Santos Gláucia Maria Tech , de Carvalho Zavaglia Cecilia Amelia
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo polymeric membranes obtained by a rotary jet-spinning process for the repair of critical bone defects in the calvaria of Wistar rats, for future use in tissue engineering. Experimental sample collections were performed on the 30, 60 and 90th postoperative days, and the analyses performed were histomorphometric, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. Reducing inflammatory infiltrate in all groups and experimental periods, angiogenesis on the 30th day did not show any difference between the groups, on the 60th day, 5% polycaprolactone/beta-tricalcium phosphate(PCL/β-TCP) was high compared to control (C), and on the 90th day, the same group reduced when compared to C and 10% PCL/β-TCP. The fibroplasia presented oscillations in every segment; on the 30th and 60th day, there was an increase in 5% PCL/β-TCP, which decreased by the 90th day compared to group C. 10% PCL/β-TCP decreased compared to C on the 60th and 90th day. The percentage of the collagen area remained high in all groups and all experimental periods. Immunohistochemistry quantifications showed variations in bone metabolism suggesting new bone formation. The 5 and 10% PCL/β-TCP scaffold were promising for the bone regeneration process because they participated in the modulation of inflammation, angiogenesis, fibroplasia, and collagenosis.
Modeling of Artificial 3D Human Placenta
Authors: Tutar Rumeysa , Çelebi-Saltik Betül
Published: March 2021

The placenta is the main organ that allows the fertilized oocyte to develop and mature. It allows the fetus to grow in the prenatal period by transferring oxygen and nutrients between the mother and the fetus. It acts as a basic endocrine organ which creates the physiological changes related to pregnancy and birth in the mother. Removal of wastes and carbon dioxide from the fetus is also achieved by the placenta. It prevents the rejection of the fetus and protects the fetus from harmful effects. Research on the human placenta focuses on understanding the placental structure and function to illuminate the complex structure of this important organ with technological advances. The structure and function of the placental barrier have been investigated with in vitro studies in 2D/3D, and various results have been published comparatively. In this review, we introduce the nature of the placenta with its 3D composition which has been called niche. Different cell types and placental structures are presented. We describe the systems and approaches used in the creation of current 3D placenta, placental transfer models as 3D placental barriers, and micro-engineered 3D placenta on-a-chip to explore complicated placental responses to nanoparticle exposure.
Temporary Trends in Fever following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Witberg Guy , Kornowski Ran , Vaknin-Assa Hana , Codner Pablo , Bental Tamir , Yahav Dafna , Goldberg Elad , Perl Leor , Schwartzenberg Shmuel , Sagie Alex , Orvin Katia
Published: March 2021

Objectives: Fever following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a common phenomenon, attributed mostly to inflammatory response which may impact outcome. Systemic inflammatory response may be triggered by multiple factors, most associated with the TAVI procedure itself. However, there are no data regarding the incidence of fever following TAVI in contemporary era with newer generation devices. Our primary objective was to measure temporal trends in fever incidence and features following TAVI. Methods: We analyzed a retrospective cohort of 802 consecutive patients who underwent TAVI at our institution between November 2008 and February 2018. We identified and characterized all patients who developed fever (>38.0°C from any cause) within the first 72 h following the procedure and analyzed incidence and characteristics stratified into 3 time frames: 2008–2014, 2014–2016, and 2016–2018. Results: Following TAVI, 190 (23.7%) patients developed fever (mean age 82.3 ± 5.2 years, 64.2% female). An infectious etiology was evident in only 32.1% of cases. The frequency decreased gradually and significantly across timeframes (32.8, 23.6, and 14.5%, respectively, p < 0.001). In a multivariate regression analysis, 1st generation CoreValve (HR 1.91; CI 95% 1.2–3.04, p = 0.006) was found to be associated with higher incidence of fever in addition to female gender, vascular complications, transfemoral access, and reduced GFR. Conclusions: Fever incidence post TAVI decreased significantly throughout the last decade. The higher rate of fever in the early years of TAVI was likely associated with first-generation devices, vascular complications, and reduced GFR.
Early Recurrence of an Infantile Endodermal Oculomotor Nerve Cyst following Surgical Fenestration: A Case Report
Authors: Lu Victor M. , Raghunathan Aditya , Link Michael J. , Daniels David J.
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Infantile endodermal oculomotor nerve cyst (EONC) is an extremely rare entity. There are very few pediatric cases reported in the literature, and as expected, oculomotor palsy is the most common presenting symptom. To date however, the risk of recurrence of these lesions following surgical intervention is unclear due to a lack of long-term radiological follow-up. Case Presentation: We present a case of a 13-month-old male patient with an EONC and detail his surgical fenestration and postoperative course. Somewhat surprisingly, re-expansion occurred within 6 months and remained stable 2 years later. Discussion: A surgical approach to fenestration of an EONC in an infant is possible and should be performed by an expert neurosurgeon. Early recurrence is underreported in the current literature, and we encourage longer term radiological surveillance of these lesions after surgery to optimize primary and recurrent management in the future.
Polymorphisms in MicroRNA Target Sites of TGF-β Signaling Pathway Genes and Susceptibility to Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Chen Ruo-Xi , Lu Wen-Min , Lu Mei-Ping , Wang Mei-Lin , Zhu Xin-Jie , Wu Zhong-Fei , Tian Hui-Qin , Zhu Lu-Ping , Zhang Zheng-Dong , Cheng Lei
Published: March 2021

Background: The polymorphisms inside microRNA target sites locating in the 3′-UTR region may introduce the micro­RNA-binding changes, which may regulate the gene expression and correlate with the potential diseases. Objectives: We aimed to investigate whether the polymorphisms in microRNA target sites of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway genes are associated with the susceptibility of mite-sensitized allergic rhinitis (AR) in a Han Chinese population. Methods: In this case-control study, 454 AR patients and 448 healthy controls were recruited. Three HapMap single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were mapped to putative microRNA recognition sites and genotyped by TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. Results: The genotype and allele frequencies of 3 SNPs (rs1590 in TGFBR1; rs1434536 and rs17023107 in BMPR1B) showed lack of significant association with AR. However, in the subgroup analysis, the TG, GG, and TG/GG genotypes of rs1590 exhibited significantly increased risk of AR in the male subgroup (TG: adjusted OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.08–2.31; GG: adjusted OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.09–2.86; TG/GG: adjusted OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.13–2.33). The CT genotypes of rs17023107 might have potential to protect against AR in the patients age of <15 years (adjusted OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.14–0.95) and the males (adjusted OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.25–0.95). No significant association was found between SNPs and the total serum IgE level. Conclusions: In a Han Chinese population, stratified by age and gender, susceptibility to mite-sensitized AR may be associated with 2 SNPs (rs1590 and rs17023107) in microRNA target sites of TGF-β signaling pathway genes.
Complete Transurethral Resection before Radical Cystectomy May Improve Oncological Outcomes
Authors: Graffeille Vivien , Verhoest Grégory , Gryn Alexandre , Kammerer-Jacquet Solène-Florence , Alimi Quentin , Beauval Jean-Baptiste , Beuzit Luc , Pradère Benjamin , Thoulouzan Matthieu , Khene Zine Eddine , Guille François , Rioux-Leclercq Nathalie , Mathieu Romain , Gamé Xavier , Bensalah Karim , Soulié Michel , Roumiguié Mathieu , Peyronnet Benoit
Published: March 2021

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the impact of complete transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBTs) before radical cystectomy on pathological and oncological outcomes of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and high-risk non-MIBC. Materials and Methods: The charts of all patients who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer in 2 academic departments of urology between 1996 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the completeness of the last endoscopic resection before radical cystectomy: macroscopically complete transurethral resection (complete) or macroscopically incomplete transurethral resection (incomplete). The primary end point was the recurrence-free survival (RFS). Secondary end points included cancer-specific survival (CSS) and rates of pT0 and downstaging. Results: Out of 486 patients included for analysis, the TURBT immediately preceding radical cystectomy was considered macroscopically complete in 253 patients (52.1%) and incomplete in 233 patients (47.9%). In multivariate analysis, macroscopically complete TURBT was the strongest predictor of both pT0 disease (OR = 3.1; p = 0.02) and downstaging (OR = 7.1; p < 0.0001). After a median follow-up of 41 months, macroscopically complete TURBT was associated with better RFS (5-year RFS: 57 vs. 37%; p < 0.0001) and CSS (5-year CSS: 70.8 vs. 54.5%; p = 0.002). In multivariate analysis adjusting for multifocality, weight of endoscopic resection specimen, cT4 stage on preoperative imaging, interval between endoscopic resection and radical cystectomy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, pT stage, and associated carcinoma in situ, macroscopically complete endoscopic resection remained the main predictor of better RFS (HR = 0.4; p = 0.0003) and the only preoperative factor associated with CSS (HR = 0.5; p = 0.01). Conclusion: A macroscopically complete TURBT immediately preceding radical cystectomy may improve pathological and oncological outcomes in patients with MIBC and high-risk MIBC.
New Simple 3-Dimensional Computed Tomogram Classification Leading to Successful Conservative Treatment in 51 Atlanto-Axial Rotatory Fixation Children
Authors: Kim Jong Yeon , Cho Jae Ho , Yoon Soo Han , Cho Sung Min , Lim Yong Cheol
Published: March 2021

Objective: to present a new and easy classification of atlanto-axial rotatory fixation (AARF) and to investigate the efficiency of conservative treatment of AARF. Background: Although there is a precise definition and diagnostic classification of AARF, there is still significant difficulty in measuring the atlas and axis angles because all of the atlas or axis cannot be seen in a certain 2-dimensional computed tomogram image. In addition, some recent case reports showed that long-term conservative treatment can reduce pediatric AARFs, even that are severe or chronic. Methods: Fifty-one children with AARF were analyzed retrospectively with new 3-dimensional computed tomogram (3DCT)-based AARF classification; the mean age was 72.7 ± 35.2 months (19–139 months). In the new AARF classification, type 1 was defined as that when the C1C2 angle is not 0° on midline and type 2 as that when the C1C2 angle is 0° on the midline. Results: All 7 children with AARF type 1 were treated successfully only with Halter tractions. Twenty among 44 children with type 2 did not show any difference in improvement compared with not-treated 24 children with type 2. Conclusion: The first new AARF classification based on 3DCT appears to be easy to use and even the most severe children with AARF may be managed only with conservative treatment such as long-term Halter traction.
Age-Related Changes in Shear Wave Elastography Parameters of the Gastrocnemius Muscle in Association with Physical Performance in Healthy Adults
Authors: Pang Jing , Wu Mingxiao , Liu Xiaoshuang , Gao Kan , Liu Yuan , Zhang Yan , Zhang Enyi , Zhang Tiemei
Published: March 2021

Background/Aims: to investigate new indicators for early recognition of physical performance decline. Shear wave elastrography, a new ultrasound technique, was discussed in this study. Methods: Gastrocnemius muscle thickness and muscle stiffness were detected by traditional ultrasound and shear wave elastrography in 108 Chinese aged 20–85 years, and then analyzed with physical performance together. Results: After 70 years old, the decline rate of muscle stiffness under contractive state was significantly faster than that of muscle thickness, muscle relaxed stiffness, and physical performance indicators. The correlation analysis showed that gastrocnemius contractive stiffness was positively related with handgrip strength, step length, and fast gait speed after adjusted by age and gender. Among physical performance variants, step length had closer relationship with muscle strength than repeated chair stands. Conclusions: The detection of gastrocnemius muscle by shear wave elastography reflected the change of lower-limb muscle stiffness with aging. Muscle contractive stiffness and step length measurement supplied novel ways for muscle performance and motor function assessment.
A Stereotactic Device for Intraparenchymal Spinal Cord Injections: Latest Developments for Practical Clinical Use
Authors: Federici Thais , Hardcastle Nathan , Texakalidis Pavlos , Tora Muhibullah S. , Wetzel Jeremy , Riley Jonathan P. , Boulis Nicholas M.
Published: March 2021

This manuscript introduces the latest generation of a patient-mounted platform designed for segmental injections of therapeutics direct into the spinal cord parenchyma. It emphasizes its importance and it presents the rationale for developing this delivery methodology. It compares the newest with the previous generations, detailing how the modifications can streamline transportation, assembly, sterilization, and utilization of the platform by different surgeons. Finally, the illustrations depict the main alterations, as well as a cadaveric assessment of the device prototype in the cervical and thoracolumbar regions.
Acute Response of Human Aortic Endothelial Cells to Loss of Pulsatility as Seen during Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Nguyen Khanh T. , Donoghue Leslie , Giridharan Guruprasad A. , Naber Jeffrey P. , Vincent Doug , Fukamachi Kiyotaka , Kotru Arushi , Sethu Palaniappan
Published: March 2021

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) results in short-term (3–5 h) exposure to flow with diminished pulsatility often referred to as “continuous flow”. It is unclear if short-term exposure to continuous flow influences endothelial function, particularly, changes in levels of pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic cytokines. In this study, we used the endothelial cell culture model (ECCM) to evaluate if short-term (≤5 h) reduction in pulsatility alters levels of pro-inflammatory/pro-angiogenic cytokine levels. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) cultured within the ECCM provide a simple model to evaluate endothelial cell function in the absence of confounding factors. HAECs were maintained under normal pulsatile flow for 24 h and then subjected to continuous flow (diminished pulsatile pressure and flow) as observed during CPB for 5 h. The ECCM replicated pulsatility and flow morphologies associated with normal hemodynamic status and CPB as seen with clinically used roller pumps. Levels of angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and hepatocyte growth factor were lower in the continuous flow group in comparison to the pulsatile flow group whereas the levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1), granulocyte colony stimulating factor, interleukin-8 (IL-8) and placental growth factor were higher in the continuous flow group in comparison to the pulsatile flow group. Immunolabelling of HAECs subjected to continuous flow showed a decrease in expression of ANG-2 and VEGF-A surface receptors, tyrosine protein kinase-2 and Fms-related receptor tyrosine kinase-1, respectively. Given that the 5 h exposure to continuous flow is insufficient for transcriptional regulation, it is likely that pro-inflammatory/pro-angiogenic signaling observed was due to signaling molecules stored in Weible-Palade bodies (ET-1, IL-8, ANG-2) and via HAEC binding/uptake of soluble factors in media. These results suggest that even short-term exposure to continuous flow can potentially activate pro-inflammatory/pro-angiogenic signaling in cultured HAECs and pulsatile flow may be a successful strategy in reducing the undesirable sequalae following continuous flow CPB.
Effects of Metformin and Vitamin D on Clinical Outcome in Cholangiocarcinoma Patients
Authors: Casadei-Gardini Andrea , Filippi Roberto , Rimini Margherita , Rapposelli Ilario Giovanni , Fornaro Lorenzo , Silvestris Nicola , Aldrighetti Luca , Aimar Giacomo , Rovesti Giulia , Bartolini Giulia , Vivaldi Caterina , Brunetti Oronzo , Sperti Elisa , La Face Rosa , Ratti Francesca , Andrikou Kalliopi , Valgiusti Martina , Bernardini Laura , Argentiero Antonella , Fenocchio Elisabetta , Frassineti Giovanni Luca , Cesario Silvia , Giovannelli Francesco , Quarà Virginia , Leone Francesco , Cascinu Stefano
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims: In the last few years, there has been increasing interest in non-cancer medications and their potential anti-cancer activity. Data are not available in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients. The aim of this study is to fill this gap by investigating the potential impact in terms of clinical outcome of the common non-cancer medications. Methods: All consecutive patients with CCAs were retrospectively identified from 7 Italian medical institutions. We investigated the role of intake of vitamin D, aspirin, metformin, statins, and diuretics. Results: A total of 537 patients with CCAs were identified; 197 patients undergoing surgery were evaluated for disease-free survival (DFS), and 509 patients with an advanced stage were evaluated for overall survival (OS). A longer DFS was found in patients with intake of vitamin D versus never users (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.32–0.92, p = 0.02). In an advanced stage an association with OS was found in patients with intake of metformin versus never users (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.52–0.93, p = 0.0162), and in patients who have started taking metformin after chemotherapy versus before chemotherapy and never users (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.26–0.73, p = 0.0016). Conclusions: Our results highlighted that vitamin D intake improves DFS in patients undergoing surgery. Metformin intake after starting chemotherapy can improve the clinical outcome in advanced disease. These results could open up new therapeutic strategies in cholangiocarcinoma patients. We are planning to undertake a prospective study to validate these data.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Fear of Falling in Community-Dwelling Thai Elderly
Authors: Sitdhiraksa Nantawat , Piyamongkol Piyapat , Chaiyawat Pakaratee , Chantanachai Thanwarat , Ratta-Apha Woraphat , Sirikunchoat Jingswat , Pariwatcharakul Pornjira
Published: March 2021

Background: Falls are common in older people. The fear of falling (FOF) can lead elderly persons to restrict their activities which reduces quality of life. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with FOF in community-dwelling Thai elderly to improve screening, treatment and prevention policies and practices. Objectives: We aimed to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with FOF in suburban-dwelling Thai seniors. Methods: Seniors aged 60–85 years old from 4 suburban communities near Bangkok, Thailand, were interviewed and examined. Questionnaires were used to collect data on the FOF, symptoms of depression, anxiety and balance tests. T tests, χ2 tests, and logistic regressions were used in statistical analysis. Results: 210 subjects were enrolled. The mean age was 70.3, and 74.3% were female. Fifty-three (25.2%) reported a previous history of falls. The prevalence of FOF was 35.8% in the subjects with previous history of falls and 21.7% in subjects without previous history of falls. FOF was associated with female gender, age ≥80, living alone, impaired balance, and functional impairment but not with previous history of falls. Conclusion: FOF is associated with balance impairment, anxiety, depression, and functional impairment of daily routine activities.
The Effects of Smoking on Hair Health: A Systematic Review
Authors: Babadjouni Arash , Pouldar Foulad Delila , Hedayati Bobak , Evron Evyatar , Mesinkovska Natasha
Published: March 2021

Smoking is not only a preventable cause of significant systemic disease but also affects the follicular growth cycle and fiber pigmentation. Ambient tobacco smoke exposure results in nicotine accumulation in hair follicles and the hair shaft. This review summarizes the evidence on the association between smoking and hair health, as denoted by alopecia and premature hair graying (PHG). In July 2020, a review of the literature using PubMed/MEDLINE and CINAHL databases identified 32 studies investigating the relationship between smoking, PHG, and alopecia (androgenetic alopecia and frontal fibrosing alopecia). The prevalence of hair loss and PHG is more prevalent in smokers than nonsmokers. Smoking is associated with negative effects on hair health as evidenced in PHG and alopecia. Smoking status should be assessed in patients who are presenting to their dermatologist for evaluation of alopecia and PHG.
Depression Severity Is Related to Less Gross Body Movement: A Motion Energy Analysis
Authors: Sandmeir Anna , Schoenherr Désirée , Altmann Uwe , Nikendei Christoph , Schauenburg Henning , Dinger Ulrike
Published: March 2021

Psychomotor retardation is a well-known clinical phenomenon in depressed patients that can be measured in various ways. This study aimed to investigate objectively measured gross body movement (GBM) during a semi-structured clinical interview in patients with a depressive disorder and its relation with depression severity. A total of 41 patients with a diagnosis of depressive disorder were assessed both with a clinician-rated interview (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) and a self-rating questionnaire (Beck Depression Inventory-II) for depression severity. Motion energy analysis (MEA) was applied on videos of additional semi-structured clinical interviews. We considered (partial) correlations between patients’ GBM and depression scales. There was a significant, moderate negative correlation between both measures for depression severity (total scores) and GBM during the diagnostic interview. However, there was no significant correlation between the respective items assessing motor symptoms in the clinician-rated and the patient-rated depression severity scale and GBM. Findings imply that neither clinician ratings nor self-ratings of psychomotor symptoms in depressed patients are correlated with objectively measured GBM. MEA thus offers a unique insight into the embodied symptoms of depression that are not available via patients’ self-ratings or clinician ratings.
MicroRNA-301a Promotes Cell Proliferation and Resistance to Apoptosis through PTEN/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in Human Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Ni Jie , Chen Ying , Fei Beibei , Zhu Yan , Du Yibei , Liu Lifen , Guo Liangsheng , Zhu Weipei
Published: March 2021

Background: MicroRNAs are endogenous small noncoding RNAs, which play a critical role in regulating various biological and pathologic processes. Furthermore, miR-301a has been detected to be overly expressed in tumorigenic progression of ovarian cancer. However, the effects of miR-301a on ovarian cancer are still unclear. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the molecular mechanisms of miR-301a in epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Methods: The miR-301a expression in ovarian cancer cells was detected. Then, cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis of the miR-301a-mimic-transfected ovarian cancer cells were determined, as well as the effects of the miR-301a mimic on the PTEN/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway were explored. Results: We found that the miR-301a expression levels were markedly upregulated in ovarian cancer tissues and cells, and upregulation of miR-301a-promoted cell viability and proliferation. Our results also showed that the miR-301a-mimic accelerated cell cycle progression of ovarian cancer cells by targeting the CDK4/Cyclin-D1 pathway but not the CDK2/Cyclin-E pathway. Moreover, transfection of the miR-301a mimic into ovarian cancer cells could decrease the PTEN expression while increasing the PI3K and Akt phosphorylation, as compared with the miR-301a inhibitor group and the negative control group. Conclusion: Therefore, miR-301a should be an oncogene in ovarian cancer, and overexpression of miR-301a promoted proliferation of ovarian cancer cells by modulating the PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Frontoethmoidal Encephalocele Correction Surgery in Benin: A Case Report
Authors: Prod’homme Marc , Boscherini Duccio , El Ezzi Oumama , Dolci Mirko , Bossou Raymond , de Buys Roessingh Anthony
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Primary encephalocele is a rare deformity that is challenging for the neurosurgeon. It requires a multidisciplinary team for adequate reconstructive surgery. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 6-month-old African boy who presented with a frontoethmoidal encephalocele; we present a technical description of the surgical procedure, using no implant. Discussion/Conclusion: The postoperative evolution of the boy was uneventful, with a good clinical result at the follow-up.
Robotic-Assisted Versus Conventional Open Partial Nephrectomy (Robocop): A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of 249 Patients
Authors: Kowalewski Karl-Friedrich , Müller Dennis , Kirchner Marietta , Brinster Regina , Mühlbauer Julia , Sidoti Abate Marie Angela , Walach Margarete Teresa , Nuhn Philipp , Honeck Patrick , Michel Maurice-Stephan , Kriegmair Maximilian Christian
Published: March 2021

Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare open partial nephrectomy (OPN) and robotic-assisted PN (RAPN) based on a propensity score-matched sample and to test the Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI) as an end point for complications. Methods: Patients undergoing PN from 2010 to 2018 at a university care center were included. OPN and RAPN cases were matched in a 2:1 ratio using propensity score-matching with age, gender, BMI, RENAL score, and tumor size as confounders. The primary end point was complications measured with the CCI as continuous score (0–100, 100 indicating death). Results: Data of 570 patients were available. After matching, both cohorts (OPN = 166; RAPN = 83) showed no baseline differences. For the primary end point, CCI, RAPN was superior (RAPN 2.6 ± 7.9 vs. OPN 8.7 ± 13.9; p < 0.001). Additionally, RAPN was superior for length of stay (RAPN 6.5 ± 4.0 vs. OPN 7.4 ± 3.5 days; p < 0.001), hemoglobin drop (RAPN 2.8 ± 1.4 vs. OPN 3.8 ± 1.6 g/dL; p < 0.001), and drop of glomerular filtration rate (RAPN 11.4 ± 14.2 vs. OPN 19.5 ± 14.3 mL/min; p < 0.001). OPN had shorter operating times (RAPN 157 ± 43 vs. OPN 143 ± 45 min; p = 0.014) and less ischemia (RAPN 13% vs. OPN 28%; p = 0.016). Conclusions: RAPN provides superior short-term results regarding overall complications without compromising renal function for small and less complex tumors. However, OPN remains an important option for more complex and larger tumors.
Genetic Mutations Associated with Pierre Robin Syndrome/Sequence: A Systematic Review
Authors: Varadarajan Saranya , Balaji Thodur Madapusi , Raj A. Thirumal , Gupta Archana A. , Patil Shankargouda , Alhazmi Tariq Hassan , Alaqi Halah Athman Ali , Al Omar Neda Essa M. , Almutaher Somayh Abu Baker A. , Jafer Alhassen Abdurabu , Hedad Ismaeel Abker
Published: March 2021

Pierre Robin syndrome/sequence (PRS) is associated with a triad of symptoms that includes micrognathia, cleft palate, and glossoptosis that may lead to respiratory obstruction. The syndrome occurs in 2 forms: nonsyndromic PRS (nsPRS), and PRS associated with other syndromes (sPRS). Studies have shown varying genetic mutations associated with both nsPRS and sPRS. The present systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive collection of published literature reporting genetic mutations in PRS. Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus were searched using the keywords: “Pierre Robin syndrome/sequence AND gene mutation.” The search resulted in 208 articles, of which 93 were excluded as they were duplicates/irrelevant. The full-text assessment led to the further exclusion of 76 articles. From the remaining 39 articles included in the review, details of 324 cases were extracted. 56% of the cases were sPRS, and 22% of the cases were associated with other malformations and the remaining were nsPRS. Genetic mutations were noted in 30.9% of the 300 cases. Based on the review, SOX9 was found to be the most common gene associated with both nsPRS and sPRS. The gene mutation in sPRS was specific to the associated syndrome. Due to the lack of original studies, a quantitative analysis was not possible. Thus, future studies must focus on conducting large-scale cohort studies. Along with generating data on genetic mutation, future studies must also conduct pedigree analysis to assess potential familial inheritance, which in turn could provide valuable insights into the etiopathogenesis of PRS.
Evolution of Tandemly Arranged Repetitive DNAs in Three Species of Cyprinoidei with Different Ploidy Levels
Authors: Bishani Ali , Prokopov Dmitry Y. , Romanenko Svetlana A. , Molodtseva Anna S. , Perelman Polina L. , Interesova Elena A. , Beklemisheva Violetta R. , Graphodatsky Alexander S. , Trifonov Vladimir A.
Published: March 2021

Polyploid species represent a challenge for both cytogenetic and genomic studies due to their high chromosome numbers and the morphological similarity between their paralogous chromosomes. This paper describes the use of low-coverage high-throughput sequencing to identify the 14 most abundant tandemly arranged repetitive elements in the paleotetraploid genome of the crucian carp (Carassius carassius, 2n = 100). These repetitive elements were then used for molecular cytogenetic studies of a closely related functionally triploid form of the Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio, 3n = 150 + Bs) and a relatively distant diploid species, the tench (Tinca tinca, 2n = 48). According to their distribution on the chromosomes of the 3 aforementioned species, the repetitive elements here identified can be divided into 5 groups: (1) those specific to a single genomic locus in both Carassius species, despite the recent carp-specific genome duplication; (2) those located in a single genomic locus of T. tinca, but amplified in one or both Carassius species; (3) those massively amplified in the B chromosomes of C. gibelio; (4) those located in a single locus in C. gibelio, but amplified in many blocks in C. carassius; and (5) those located in multiple pericentromeric loci in both Carassius species. Our data indicate that some of the repetitive elements are highly conserved in cyprinoid species and may serve as good cytogenetic and genomic markers for discriminating paralogous chromosomes, while others are evolutionarily recent, and their amplification may be related to the last whole-genome duplication event.
Patients with Severe Obesity during the COVID-19 Pandemic: How to Maintain an Adequate Multidisciplinary Nutritional Rehabilitation Program?
Authors: De Amicis Ramona , Cancello Raffaella , Capodaglio Paolo , Gobbi Michele , Brunani Amelia , Gilardini Luisa , Castenuovo Gianluca , Molinari Enrico , Barbieri Valerio , Mambrini Sara Paola , Battezzati Alberto , Bertoli Simona
Published: March 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is spreading all over the world, particularly in developed countries where obesity is also widespread. There is a high frequency of increased BMI in patients admitted to intensive care for SARS-CoV-2 infection with a major severity in patients with an excess of visceral adiposity. Patients at risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 acute respiratory syndrome are characterised by the high prevalence of pre-existing diseases (high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, or cancer), most of them typically present in severely obese patients. Indeed, the biological role of adipose tissue in sustaining SARS-CoV-2 infection is not completely elucidated. Summary: The forced isolation due to pandemic containment measures abruptly interrupted the rehabilitation programs to which many patients with severe obesity were enrolled. People affected by obesity, and especially those with severe obesity, should continue clinical rehabilitation programs, taking extra measures to avoid COVID-19 infection and reinforcing the adoption of preventive procedures. In this review, the available data on obesity and COVID-19 are discussed along with evidence-based strategies for maintaining the necessary continuous rehabilitation programs. Key Messages: Greater attention is needed for obese and severely obese patients in the face of the current COVID-19 pandemic, which represents a huge challenge for both patients and healthcare professionals. The adoption of new strategies to guarantee adequate and continuous multidisciplinary nutritional rehabilitation programs will be crucial to control the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in high-risk populations as well as the worsening of obesity-linked complications. Health authorities should be urged to equip hospitals with tools for the diffusion of telemedicine to maintain physician-patient communication, which is fundamental in chronic and complicated obese patients.
Chitinase-Induced Airway Hyperreactivity and Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Nonallergic Asthma
Authors: Weber-Chrysochoou Christina , Darcan-Nicolaisen Yasemin , Wohlgensinger Johanna , Tinner Eva Maria , Frei Remo , Loeliger Susanne , Lauener Roger P. , Hamelmann Eckard
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Environmental exposure to mites and fungi has been proposed to critically contribute to the development of IgE-mediated asthma. A common denominator of such organisms is chitin. Human chitinases have been reported to be upregulated by interleukin-13 secreted in the context of Th2-type immune responses and to induce asthma. We assessed whether chitin-containing components induced chitinases in an innate immune-dependent way and whether this results in bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Materials and Methods: Monocyte/macrophage cell lines were stimulated with chitin-containing or bacterial components in vitro. Chitinase activity in the supernatant and the expression of the chitotriosidase gene were measured by enzyme assay and quantitative PCR, respectively. Non-sensitized mice were stimulated with chitin-containing components intranasally, and a chitinase inhibitor was administered intraperitoneally. As markers for inflammation leukocytes were counted in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and airway hyperresponsiveness was assessed via methacholine challenge. Results: We found both whole chitin-containing dust mites as well as the fungal cell wall component zymosan A but not endotoxin-induced chitinase activity and chitotriosidase gene expression in vitro. The intranasal application of zymosan A into mice led to the induction of chitinase activity in the BAL fluid and to bronchial hyperresponsiveness, which could be reduced by applying the chitinase inhibitor allosamidin. Discussion: We propose that environmental exposure to mites and fungi leads to the induction of chitinase, which in turn favors the development of bronchial hyperreactivity in an IgE-independent manner.
A New Concept for Central Wedge Resection in Labiaplasty
Authors: Qiang Shuai , Li Fengyong , Zhou Yu , Cao Yujiao , Liu Meichen , Yuan Ye , Zhang Zhen , Li Qiang
Published: March 2021

Objective: The aim of the study was to develop a new concept for central wedge resection to improve surgical results. Currently, the most common postoperative complications of the regular central wedge (RV) resection technique are wound dehiscence and scar contracture. Methods: A case-control study was applied to randomly divide 119 patients with labia minora hypertrophy deformities into 2 groups: new central wedge (NV) (n = 57) and RV (n = 62). All patients underwent the corresponding corrective surgery to repair the deformity. During the NV procedure, we changed the direction of the scalpel to form 2 inclined sections and sutured these sections together to achieve nonparallel closure lines. The patients in the 2 groups were followed up at 1 and 6 months postoperatively. We described the details of this method and evaluated the treatment outcomes of the 2 groups. Results: Patient age, labia minora width, and procedure time were not significantly different between the 2 groups (p > 0.05). However, the visual analog scale (VAS) scores in the 2 groups were significantly different (p < 0.05). Two patients in the NV group were somewhat dissatisfied because of lymphoedema and asymmetry; 6 patients in the RV group expressed dissatisfaction with scarring, healing complications, and asymmetry. A minor corrective operation was performed for asymmetry, and the dehiscence healed spontaneously. The patient with edema is still being followed up. Conclusion: The surgical method we introduced was indicated to be a simple and effective procedure that avoided wound dehiscence and scar contracture, which are common with the regular approach.
Prediction of Recurrence in Patients with Stage III Colon Cancer Using Conventional Clinicopathological Factors and Peripheral Blood Test Data: A New Analysis with Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Kamei Yutaro , Takayama Tetsuro , Suzuki Toshiyuki , Furihata Kenichi , Otsuki Megumi , Sadahiro Sotaro
Published: March 2021

Background: Survival rate may be predicted by tumor-node-metastasis staging systems in colon cancer. In clinical practice, about 20 to 30 clinicopathological factors and blood test data have been used. Various predictive factors for recurrence have been advocated; however, the interactions are complex and remain to be established. We used artificial intelligence (AI) to examine predictive factors related to recurrence. Methods: The study group comprised 217 patients who underwent curative surgery for stage III colon cancer. Using a self-organizing map (SOM), an AI-based method, patients with only 23 clinicopathological factors, patients with 23 clinicopathological factors and 34 of preoperative blood test data (pre-data), and those with 23 clinicopathological factors and 31 of postoperative blood test data (post-data) were classified into several clusters with various rates of recurrence. Results: When only clinicopathological factors were used, the percentage of T4b disease, the percentage of N2 disease, and the number of metastatic lymph nodes were significantly higher in a cluster with a higher rate of recurrence. When clinicopathological factors and pre-data were used, three described pathological factors and the serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly higher and the serum total protein (TP) levels, serum albumin levels, and the percentage of lymphocytes were significantly lower in a cluster with a higher rate of recurrence. When clinicopathological factors and post-data were used, three described pathological factors, serum CRP levels, and serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels were significantly higher and serum TP levels, serum albumin levels, and the percentage of lymphocytes were significantly lower in a cluster with a higher rate of recurrence. Conclusions: This AI-based analysis extracted several risk factors for recurrence from more than 50 pathological and blood test factors before and after surgery separately. This analysis may predict the risk of recurrence of a new patient by confirming which clusters this patient belongs to.
Antibiotics Removal by Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration with a Novel Asymmetric Triacetate Membrane Hemofilter: An in vitro Study
Authors: Körtge Andreas , Majcher-Peszynska Jolanta , Heskamp Benjamin , Wasserkort Reinhold , Mitzner Steffen
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRTs) are essential in the treatment of critically ill patients with acute kidney injury and are also discussed as a supporting sepsis therapy. CRRT can affect antibiotics plasma concentrations. Objective: The effect of continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) with an asymmetric triacetate (ATA) membrane hemofilter on concentrations of antibiotics with low (meropenem), medium (vancomycin), and high (daptomycin) protein binding (PB) was investigated. Methods: 1 L human whole blood supplemented with antibiotics was recirculated and filtrated for 6 h in vitro. Clearances and sieving coefficients (SC) were determined from antibiotics concentrations measured at filter inlet, outlet, and filtrate side. Reservoir concentration data were fitted using a first-order kinetic model. Results: Meropenem and vancomycin concentrations decreased to 5–10% of the initial plasma level, while only 50% of daptomycin were removed. Clearances and SCs were (10.8 [10.8–17.4] mL/min, SC = 0.72 [0.72–1.16]) for meropenem, (13.4 [12.3–13.7] mL/min, 0.89 [0.82–0.92]) for vancomycin, and (2.1 [1.8–2.1] mL/min, 0.14 [0.12–0.14]) for daptomycin. Removal by adsorption was negligible. Conclusions: The clearances and SCs presented are comparable with findings of other authors. Meropenem and vancomycin, which exhibit low and medium PB, respectively, were strongly removed, while considerably less daptomycin was removed because of its high PB. Our results suggest that in clinical use of the tested antibiotics during CRRT with the ATA hemofilter, the same factors have to be considered for determining the dosing strategy as with filters with other commonly applied membrane materials.
Time to Grow Positive Blood Cultures and Its Impact on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Bacteremia Admitted to Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Nadeem Rashid , Elhoufi Ashraf M. , Salama Lamiaa , Mahmoud Mayada , Bon Islam , Kamat Sahish , Elsousi Ahmed , Abdalla Rami M. , Obaida Zainab Abdulameer , Elzeiny Moatz
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Bloodstream infections are one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Time to positive blood culture may be reflective of the severity of infection. We aim to study the impact of time to positivity (TTP) of blood culture upon clinical outcome. Methods: Data from blood cultures for 17 months duration reviewed. Outcome measures included in-hospital mortality and length of stay in ICU (LOSICU). TTP was determined for each sample. Demographics (age, gender, BMI, and nationality), APACHE-2 score for severity of illness, comorbid conditions, and other confounding factors were recorded. Results: One hundred and one patients with 346 positive blood cultures with mean age of 62 and mean APACHE-2 score of 18.9 + 9.7 (mean +SD) with overall observed mortality of 61%. Median TTP was 20.2 h with quartiles cutoff Q1 = 15.3, Q2 = 20.2, Q3 = 28, and range 8–104 h. Only APACHE-2 scores predict LOSICU. TTP is not a significant predictor for mortality or LOSICU. Discussion: Data on TTP of blood cultures have a complex interaction with clinical outcomes. Conclusion: TTP of blood cultures does not predict mortality or length of stay in ICU.