bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
الضمانات الإجرائية لخصومة التحكيم الإلكتروني ( دراسة مقارنة )
Authors: Ibrahim Khalil Khanjar Mousayi
Published: August 2023

لا تجري خصومة التحكيم في فراغ زماني أو مكاني، ولكنها تنطلق من مرتكز وموقع جغرافي محدد تنعقد فيه هيئة التحكيم وتباشر مهامها، ويطلق على هذا المرتكز النطاق المكاني للتحكيم   ولما كان تحديد المكان بذاته غير كاف لضبط بدء وسير إجراءات التحكيم، بل لابد من التعرف على الخطة التي تسير عليها تلك الإجراءات ، بحيث تكون هي نقطة الأساس التي تحسب منها المدة الاتفاقية أو القانونية التي يعبر عنه بالنطاق الزماني للتحكيم 

في ظل التحكيم الإلكتروني لا يحتاج الأطراف الانتقال إلى بلد آخر أو مكان معين لحضور جلسات التحكيم وإنما يمكنهم المشاركة في إجراءات التحكيم كلاً منهم في موطنه ولما كانت إجراءات التحكيم الإلكتروني تسير بشكل أسرع من إجراءات التحكيم التقليدي ، لأن بإمكان الانترنت أن يوفر خدمة الاتصال وتبادل المستندات والمذكرات بالوسائل الالكترونية المباشرة، ومن ثم فانه يثور التساؤل عما إذا كان إتمام إجراءات التحكيم كلها في الشكل الالكتروني لا يخل بالمبادئ الأساسية للتحكيم كمبدأ احترام حقوق الدفاع  ومبدأ المساواة بين أطراف الخصومة وضمان سرية الجلسات
المواجهة الموضوعية لجرائم العنف الأسري (دراسة مقارنة)
Authors: Zuhair Rashid Aziz  , Ameel Jabbar Ashour
Published: August 2023

انتشرت ظاهرة العنف الأسري بشكل خطير في مجتمعنا العربي وبالأخص في المجتمع العراقي بسبب الظروف الاجتماعية والثقافية فضلاً عن الظروف الاقتصادية المتمثلة بالفقر والبطالة مما أدت إلى كثرة الجرائم الأسرية, لذا  فإن البحث في موضوع المواجهة  الموضوعية لجرائم العنف الأسري له أهمية كبيرة تتضح في أنه يبنى أساساً على ضرورة معالجة هذا الموضوع معالجة خاصة لكونه من المواضيع الحساسة التي تتعلق بأهم نواة المجتمع وهي الأسرة, ورغم ذلك فقد عالجت التشريعات القانونية هذه الظاهرة إلا أن هذه المعالجة جاءت ناقصة وتحتاج إلى كثير من التعديل لمعالجة الخلل في التشريعات القانونية وفي القوانين الجزائية العراقية خاصة
القواعد الناظمة لسقوط الدعوى المدنية ((دراسة مقارنة))
Authors: غني ريسان جادر  , زهراء عبد الكريم عبد الحسين سبع
Published: August 2023

إنّ لكل دعوى لا بدّ من قواعد تنظم إجراءاتها وصولاً إلى حكم فاصل في موضوعها، أو بانتهائها بصدور قرار ما دون الحكم في موضوعها، لان القانون وضع مجموعة من القواعد يلزم الأخذ فيها من قبل إطراف الدعوى والمحكمة المختصة بالوقت نفسة من أجل تحقيق المصلحة العامة، بما تضمن من إجراءات التبليغ وما يلزم أن تتضمن عريضة الدعوى من مستندات، لأنه مخالفا ذلك ينتج جزاء سقوط الدعوى المدنية والذي سماها المشرع العراقي بالبطلان وبالأسقاط من قبل المشرع الأردني، ولضمان حق المدعى عليه  فكان عليه أنَّ يأخذ باتباع هذه القواعد مع الأخذ بنظر الاعتبار الأثار المترتبة عليها
Spirende professionelle
Authors: Johansson Nicolaj , Bundgaard Stine Bylin
Published: August 2023

Society's complexity and constant movement place great demands on education programs to train competent, reflexive, robust and committed students who can think, act and act in a qualified and professional manner. In this article, we will examine the students' experience of professional identity formation during practicum. Educating into a profession and developing a professional identity is a transition that contains many complex facets in the form of developing expert knowledge, skills, behavior, attitudes, and professionalism (Wilson et al., 2013). Barnet (2012) describes this transition as a dynamic journey without a specific destination, which is influenced by both the individual's personal characteristics and the professional practice that the individual participates in. The starting point is impact in practice courses on the Social Education and the Medical Education, where social identities is articulated and the formation of professional identity is the focal point (Rothuizen, 2015; Van den Broek et al., 2020; Rothuizen & Togsverd, 2020a). Based on an analysis of field studies and focus group interviews with students, an argument is made for understanding the concept as social identity based on the general picture drawn from the data. The understanding of social identity contains adjustment of the self in relation to the profession and the exercise thereof (action). Knowledge that is essential in the debate about how professions are trained for a complex and changing world.
De vil gerne gøre en forskel, men…
Authors: Noer Vibeke Røn , Rasmussen Malene Damkjær , Hansen Ditte Graversgaard
Published: August 2023

Recruiting and retaining nurses in the profession has become increasingly challenging, and the interest in pursuing nursing education is significantly declining. In this article, we investigate the factors that motivate students to choose nursing as their field of study, as expressed in their own words, and examine what is crucial for them in terms of shaping their professional identity and envisioning a future in the profession. The analysis in this article is based on 114 self-portraits written by nursing students shortly before completing their education. The findings indicate that the nursing students are genuinely interested in the profession. They are motivated by the ambition to make a difference. However, their experiences within a healthcare system where care and nursing are under pressure present the future professionals with a difficult situation. The challenge lies in shaping their professional identity amidst the tension between ideals and a strained professional practice. One possible outcome is that the students complete their education but opt out of working as nurses. In conclusion, we argue that the healthcare system needs future nurses who dare to insist on care as a fundamental premise and as part of the nursing profession's ambition on behalf of the patient. Therefore, there is a persistent need to work on creating frameworks and conditions within the healthcare system that make this possible and that retain students in their education and later retain trained nurses in the profession.
Ether lipid biosynthesis promotes lifespan extension and enables diverse pro-longevity paradigms in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Cedillo Lucydalila , Ahsan Fasih M , Li Sainan , Stuhr Nicole L , Zhou Yifei , Zhang Yuyao , Adedoja Adebanjo , Murphy Luke M , Yerevanian Armen , Emans Sinclair , Dao Khoi , Li Zhaozhi , Peterson Nicholas D , Watrous Jeramie , Jain Mohit , Das Sudeshna , Pukkila-Worley Read , Curran Sean P , Soukas Alexander A
Published: August 2023

Biguanides, including the world’s most prescribed drug for type 2 diabetes, metformin, not only lower blood sugar, but also promote longevity in preclinical models. Epidemiologic studies in humans parallel these findings, indicating favorable effects of metformin on longevity and on reducing the incidence and morbidity associated with aging-related diseases. Despite this promise, the full spectrum of molecular effectors responsible for these health benefits remains elusive. Through unbiased screening in Caenorhabditis elegans, we uncovered a role for genes necessary for ether lipid biosynthesis in the favorable effects of biguanides. We demonstrate that biguanides prompt lifespan extension by stimulating ether lipid biogenesis. Loss of the ether lipid biosynthetic machinery also mitigates lifespan extension attributable to dietary restriction, target of rapamycin (TOR) inhibition, and mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibition. A possible mechanistic explanation for this finding is that ether lipids are required for activation of longevity-promoting, metabolic stress defenses downstream of the conserved transcription factor skn-1/Nrf. In alignment with these findings, overexpression of a single, key, ether lipid biosynthetic enzyme, fard-1/FAR1, is sufficient to promote lifespan extension. These findings illuminate the ether lipid biosynthetic machinery as a novel therapeutic target to promote healthy aging.
Coronary artery established through amniote evolution
Authors: Mizukami Kaoru , Higashiyama Hiroki , Arima Yuichiro , Ando Koji , Okada Norihiro , Kose Katsumi , Yamada Shigehito , Takeuchi Jun K , Koshiba-Takeuchi Kazuko , Fukuhara Shigetomo , Miyagawa-Tomita Sachiko , Kurihara Hiroki
Published: August 2023

Coronary arteries are a critical part of the vascular system and provide nourishment to the heart. In humans, even minor defects in coronary arteries can be lethal, emphasizing their importance for survival. However, some teleosts survive without coronary arteries, suggesting that there may have been some evolutionary changes in the morphology and function of coronary arteries in the tetrapod lineage. Here, we propose that the true ventricular coronary arteries were newly established during amniote evolution through remodeling of the ancestral coronary vasculature. In mouse (Mus musculus) and Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) embryos, the coronary arteries unique to amniotes are established by the reconstitution of transient vascular plexuses: aortic subepicardial vessels (ASVs) in the outflow tract and the primitive coronary plexus on the ventricle. In contrast, amphibians (Hyla japonica, Lithobates catesbeianus, Xenopus laevis, and Cynops pyrrhogaster) retain the ASV-like vasculature as truncal coronary arteries throughout their lives and have no primitive coronary plexus. The anatomy and development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) and chondrichthyans suggest that their hypobranchial arteries are ASV-like structures serving as the root of the coronary vasculature throughout their lives. Thus, the ventricular coronary artery of adult amniotes is a novel structure that has acquired a new remodeling process, while the ASVs, which occur transiently during embryonic development, are remnants of the ancestral coronary vessels. This evolutionary change may be related to the modification of branchial arteries, indicating considerable morphological changes underlying the physiological transition during amniote evolution.
The optimal clutch size revisited: separating individual quality from the costs of reproduction
Authors: Winder Lucy A. , Simons Mirre J.P. , Burke Terry
Published: August 2023

Life-history theory, central to our understanding of diversity in morphology, behaviour and senescence, describes how traits evolve through the optimisation of trade-offs in investment. Despite considerable study, there is only minimal support for trade-offs within species between the two traits most closely linked to fitness – reproduction and survival – questioning the theory’s general validity. We used a meta-analysis to separate quality effects from the costs of reproduction using studies of parental investment and survival in birds. Experimental enlargement of broods caused reduced parental survival. However, the effect of experimental enlargements was small and opposite to the effect of phenotypic quality, where individuals that naturally produced larger clutches also survived better. The opposite effects on survival in experimental and observational studies of parental care provides the first meta-analytic evidence for theory suggesting that quality differences mask trade-offs. Fitness projections using the overall effect size revealed that reproduction presented negligible costs, except when reproductive effort was forced beyond the level observed within species, to that seen between species. We conclude that there is little support for the most fundamental life-history trade-off, between reproduction and longevity, operating within a population. We suggest that within species, the fitness landscape of the reproduction– survival trade-off is flat until it reaches the boundaries of the between-species fast–slow life-history continuum. Our interpretation explains why the costs of reproduction are not apparent and why variation in reproductive output persists within species.
Midbrain encodes sound detection behavior without auditory cortex
Authors: Lee Tai-Ying , Weissenberger Yves , King Andrew J , Dahmen Johannes C
Published: August 2023

Hearing involves analyzing the physical attributes of sounds and integrating the results of this analysis with other sensory, cognitive and motor variables in order to guide adaptive behavior. The auditory cortex is considered crucial for the integration of acoustic and contextual information and is thought to share the resulting representations with subcortical auditory structures via its vast descending projections. By imaging cellular activity in the corticorecipient shell of the inferior colliculus of mice engaged in a sound detection task, we show that the majority of neurons encode information beyond the physical attributes of the stimulus and that the animals’ behavior can be decoded from the activity of those neurons with a high degree of accuracy. Surprisingly, this was also the case in mice in which auditory cortical input to the midbrain had been removed by bilateral cortical lesions. This illustrates that subcortical auditory structures have access to a wealth of non-acoustic information and can, independently of the auditory cortex, carry much richer neural representations than previously thought.
Time Series Analysis of Spot and Future Commodity Market in India During Covid – 19
Authors: Kalaiarasi D. , Rohini A. , Palanichamy N. Venkatesa , Shivakumar K. M. , Selvi R. Pangayar , Sekhar K. Chandra
Published: August 2023

Derivatives are innovative financial instruments in the 21st century to help the market participants in mitigating the risk. Commodity derivatives are not new to the world, but reentered with new face into the fray. In India, derivatives are introduced at first on index and followed by securities and commodities phase wise for the betterment of the markets and the price discovery. The present study explores the association and trend between the Spot and Futures Commodity Derivatives Market in India before and during the Covid – 19 pandemic. The study uses descriptive, trend analysis and correlation analysis. The analysis done by using the MCX four major agriculture and non-agriculture commodities such as Cotton, Mentha oil, Crude oil and Natural gas spot as well as future price. Indian commodity futures market can be used as hedging tool with financial instruments for diversifying the risk during crisis period.
Survival, Growth, Meristic and Morphometric Characteristics of Hybrids Between Black and White Nile Tilapia Strains
Authors: Anjar Reva , Yustiati Ayi , Iskandar
Published: August 2023

Tilapia is a commodity that has high economic value. The demand for tilapia continues to increase from year to year. In order to improve the genetic quality of fish, a hybridization program is carried out so that they have advantages becomes superior and good, growth rate, disease resistance and bad environment, and food utilization efficiency compared to their parents. Therefore, this research was conducted at Wanayasa Marine Conservation Service Unit (SPKPD) with A. White Tilapia (♂) x Black Tilapia (♀), B. Black Tilapia (♂) x White Tilapia (♀), C. White Tilapia (♂) x White Tilapia (♀), D. Black Tilapia (♂) x Black Tilapia (♀).This research include the preparation of containers and mains test fish, spawning, fertilization, hatching, maintenance of larvae and fry up to 90 days of age. Then measure the parameters such as survival, growth, meristic and morphometric characteristics. The results of the study showed that the highest specific survival and growth were in treatment B of 92.67%; 19.68%. Morphometric characteristics obtained the highest results in the hybrid strain Black Tilapia (♂) x White Tilapia (♀) with a total length of 11.58 cm, head length of 3.21 cm, standard length of 9.32 cm and body height of 3.37 cm. While the highest meristic characteristics were obtained in Treatment B = D.XVI-XVII : 13-14 P. 12-13 V. I : 5 A. III : 9-11 C. II : 15-16 LL. 26-27. This marked with the formula D for dorsal, P for pectoral, V for ventral, A for anal, C for caudal, LL for lateral line. While the Roman numerals indicate the number of hard radii, the Arabic numerals denote the weak radii.
Study on of Ethanol and Aqueous Extracts of Embelia ribes for Anthelmintic Properties
Authors: Rawal Pinkey , Ramesh C. , Sowmya B. A. , Ranjitha C. J. , Maria L. Anns
Published: August 2023

Objectives: The present research study was conducted for the comparative evaluation of ethanol and aqueous extract of Embelia ribes for its in vitro anthelmintic properties.

Methods: The authenticated leaves of plant Embelia ribes were dried and powdered. The powdered drug was defatted with petroleum ether and a part of marc leftover was subjected to ethanol extraction using Soxhlet apparatus. Another part was subjected aqueous extraction using chloroform water. The ethanol and aqueous extracts of Embelia ribes was subjected to preliminary phytochemical investigation. Both the extracts were evaluated for in vitro anthelmintic properties using earthworms.

Results: The ethanol and aqueous extracts were revealed for the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannins and phenols. The paralysis time and death time of worms were significantly reduced by the administration of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Embelia ribes.

Conclusion: The result of the present investigation confirms the anthelmintic property of Embelia ribes.
Decision-making Skills and Public Senior Secondary Schools Principals’ Administrative Effectiveness in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Oredein Afolakemi O. , Opatunde Adekemi Felicia
Published: August 2023

The study investigated the relationship between decision-making skills and administrative effectiveness of principals in public senior secondary schools in Oyo State, Nigeria. The role of school principals is crucial in creating an environment that fosters effective teaching and learning, and their decision-making skills have a significant impact on the overall functioning and success of the school. The study hinges on Management Theory of Henry Fayol and Fiedler’s Contingency Theory of leadership. A mixed method approach is utilized, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques are used in a multistage sampling procedure to choose the respondents. Data from 629 principals and 4,204 teachers were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). The study revealed a high level of administrative effectiveness (overall weighted mean = 3.47) among principals in planning (weighted mean = 3.48), coordinating (weighted mean = 3.39), and supervising (weighted mean = 3.47) activities in their schools. However, areas for improvement were identified, such as ensuring the provision of necessary resources, planning for maintenance of school infrastructural facilities, and deciding how the school budget will be spent. The prevalence of autocratic leadership (44.5%) among public secondary school principals in Oyo State was also found, but a significant proportion reported using democratic and digital leadership styles. The findings from the study indicate that there is a significantly high positive relationship (r = 0.960) between decision-making skills and administrative effectiveness. The study suggested among others that there is a need for principals to explore alternative decision-making skills that promote teamwork, collaboration, and shared decision-making.
Temperature-Based Agrometeorological Indices for Indian Mustard (Brassica spp. L.) under Different Growing Environments in Prayagraj Condition
Authors: Kumar Prashant , James Abhishek , Nath Satyendra , Ranjan Ashish
Published: August 2023

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Genetic Variability for Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn) under Irrigation in Central India
Authors: Jahnavi Akula , Lal Gaibriyal M.
Published: August 2023

The present investigation was carried out to assess the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation coefficient and path coefficient analyses in eighteen finger millet genotypes for seventeen yield and its contributing traits during the Kharif season of 2022, at the experimental station of Naini Agricultural Institute in Uttar Pradesh, Central India. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with each genotype in 3 replications. The analysis of variance for mean sum of squares due to genotypes showed significant differences for all the 17 quantitative characters. The genotypes showed the highest mean performance for seed yield per plant IE 175 (13.42) followed by IE 165 (12.42), IE 169 (11.17), IE 136 (11.01). Whereas, genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation were found high for number of ears per plant and harvest index. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean were observed for days to 50% flowering, plant height, finger length, ear head length, test weight. Moreover, seed yield per plant exhibited significant and positive correlations with number of fingers per ear, number of ears per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. It came out from the path coefficient analysis that traits like number of fingers per ear, number of ears per plant, biological yield per plant, and harvest index exhibit positive and direct effect on seed yield per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Hence, the selection of genotypes based on the above-mentioned characters will be useful for crop improvement in Finger millet.
Assessment of Water Quality and Heavy Metal Pollution in River Ndambuk, Busia County, Kenya
Authors: Magero Denis , Meng’wa Victor , Ondoo Kevin Omondi , Pembere Antony M. S. , Wanakai Sammy
Published: August 2023

This study's objective is to determine how polluted the Ndambuk River in Busia County, Kenya, is with heavy metals and other physico-chemical parameters throughout both the dry and wet seasons. In every test point during the dry and wet seasons, turbidity was greater than the WHO-recommended threshold of 5 NTU. At sampling points 5, 6, and 7 during both seasons, pH was over the WHO-recommended limit of 6.5 to 8.5; this can be attributed to mining activities along the Kenya-Uganda border. All the sampling stations during the dry and wet seasons had levels of Lead, Cadmium, Cobalt, Nickel, and Iron that were higher than the WHO-recommended limits. At sampling points 1, 2, and 4 during the dry season and at sampling point 2 during the wet season, Chromium concentrations were, however, below the WHO standards. The significant correlation between the heavy metals suggests that metal-metal complexes are present in solution. The strong correlation between the metals, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids and turbidity suggests that anthropogenic activities have increased, particularly in the downstream agricultural and mining areas.  This study suggests further research into the relationship between land use and heavy metal pollution, regulation of mining activities along the Kenya-Uganda border and correct agricultural practices to prevent soil erosion.
Qualitative Analysis of the Cooling Potential of the Streetside Vegetation of Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
Authors: Chowdhury Alisha , Bhattacharya Shankha Pratim
Published: August 2023

The urban heat island (UHI) effect is a major challenge in contemporary urban planning. The large number of paved surfaces, anthropogenic activities and combustion of fossil fuels are the major contributors of this phenomenon. Urban green spaces are known to mitigate the UHI. Since streets constitute a major portion of the urban areas, greening the streets can help reduce heat stress significantly. To study the impact of orientation and density of the street side vegetation on their cooling potential in Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.

A suitable site, meeting the orientation and the density of vegetation criteria, was chosen for collecting the primary data through an instrument survey. Ambient temperature, surface temperature and solar radiation data was collected from the thirteen cross-sections marked across the site. As part of the preliminary data processing, relative variations of ambient temperature, surface temperature and the solar radiation attenuation was calculated. The values pertaining to these three secondary parameters were used to form matrices corresponding to each of the trees of each of the cross-sections. These matrices were then compared with their corresponding matrices to estimate which side exhibited a higher cooling potential. Besides, a colour-coded matrix was also generated from the calculated shade index to evaluate the amount of incident solar radiation blocked by each of these trees.

This study corroborates the previous findings that the shade providing trees can alter the microclimate of the area. Besides, it was also observed that the Northern pavements of the east-west oriented streets are cooler than the Southern pavement. Furthermore, it was also noticed that if the crown of the tree is present at a greater height from the ground, then lower solar angle results in less blockage of the incident solar radiation. Also, it was evident that a higher density of tall, shade providing trees, maximally block incident solar radiation on a street. This study can help in understanding the pattern of cooling potential of the street side vegetation in a warm and humid climatic zone like Kharagpur so that the plantation can be planned judiciously.
Photothermal‐Catalyzed Hydrogen Peroxide Production Enabled by Gold‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Wu Ping , Du Fangming , Xue Qiang , Li Hanxi , Fu Ming‐Chen , Zhou Xukai , Wang Feng
Published: January 2025

Gold catalysts are extensively utilized in photothermal processes that rely on localized surface plasmon resonance effects. However, the development of novel gold(I)‐organic frameworks that function as highly efficient photothermal catalysts for the production of hydrogen peroxide from water and oxygen presents a fascinating and challenging research opportunity. Herein, three gold(I) cyclic trinuclear complexes (Au‐CTCs) based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are prepared, exhibiting good photothermal conversion efficiency and H2O2 evolution rates. Utilizing the optimized Au‐TFPT, the production rates of H₂O₂ can reach as high as 51,987 µm g⁻¹ h⁻¹, surpassing the performance of most reported metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), even with the use of sacrificial agents to accelerate the reaction. The thermal‐assisted photocatalytic mechanism is comprehensively studied by transient photocurrent response, electrochemical impedance, electron paramagnetic resonance, rotating ring disk electrode test, catalytic performance and among others, demonstrating thermal energy can enhance the mobility of photogenerated carriers and apparent quantum yield, regulate the reactive species ratio and H2O2 selectivity, reduce the apparent activation energy of photocatalysis, and improve mass transfer rates, thereby accelerating the reaction process. This study offers new insights into the thermal‐assisted photocatalytic production of H2O2.
Surface‐Nanocurvation‐Induced Microenvironment Regulation Capable of Controlling the Activity of Single‐Atom Electrocatalysts
Authors: Yu Xianghui , Xie Yunhui , Dong Xiaoxiao , Wang Dengchao , Sun Tong , Sun Qi , Cao Shuang , Meng Fanlu , Zou Ruqiang , Zhang Chi , Xu Qiang , Hou Chun‐Chao
Published: January 2025

Tuning the interfacial microenvironment of single‐atom catalysts with defined electronic structures and favorable electric fields is essential to overcome sluggish kinetics and thus boosts electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. However, the relationship between microenvironment regulation and catalyst properties remains poorly understood. Herein, enriched single‐atom Fe−N4 sites on nano‐curved carbon surfaces (cc‐Fe) are designed to investigate the influence of the interface microenvironment on catalyst behaviors. Density functional theory calculations, together with in situ spectro‐electrochemical experiments, indicate that curving the surface can effectively modulate the adsorbate binding energies on cc‐Fe, thereby promoting the protonation of O2*. Finite element method simulations demonstrate that surface nanocurvation‐induced strong local electrostatic fields can facilitate mass transfer, enhancing the kinetics of the proton‐coupled electron transfer process. The designed cc‐Fe catalyst exhibits superior ORR activity (E1/2 = 0.866 V, comparable to commercial Pt/C, E1/2 = 0.867 V) and outstanding stability (after 50 000 cycles, E1/2 decreases by only 9 mV), exceeding those of planar Fe−N4 and Pt/C. When assembled in a Zn–air battery, it also exhibits superior performance over a benchmark Pt/C air cathode. This study clarified the advantageous impacts of microenvironment regulation via curved configurations and paved the way for the development of high‐performance electrocatalysts.
Bioactive Silk Cryogel Dressing with Multiple Physical Cues to Control Cell Migration and Wound Regeneration
Authors: Chen Yaqian , Zhang Xiaoyi , Wang Mengting , Liang Yu , Zheng Zhaozhu , Liu Meng , Lu Qiang
Published: January 2025

Introducing multiple physical cues to control cell behaviors effectively is considered as a promising strategy in developing bioactive wound dressings. Silk nanofiber‐based cryogels are developed to favor angiogenesis and tissue regeneration through tuning hydrated state, microporous structure, and mechanical property, but remained a challenge to endow with more physical cues. Here, β‐sheet rich silk nanofibers are used to develop cryogels with nanopore structure. Through optimizing crosslinking time and exposing the reactive group inside the nanofibers, the crosslinking reaction is improved to induce stable cryogel formation. Besides the hydrated state and macroporous structure, the nanopore structure formed on the macroporous walls, providing hierarchical microstructures to improve cell migration. Both in vitro and in vivo results reveal quicker cell migration inside the cryogels, which then accelerates angiogenesis and wound healing. The mechanical properties can further regulate to match with skin regeneration. The wound healing study in vivo reveals lower inflammatory factor secretion in the wounds treated with softer cryogels with nanopores, which then resulted in the best angiogenesis and wound healing with less scar. Therefore, the porous cryogels with multiple physical cues can be fabricated with silk nanofibers to control cell behaviors and tissue regeneration, providing a promising approach for designing bioactive wound dressings.
Acid‐Triggered Cascaded Responsive Supramolecular Peptide Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia‒Reperfusion Injury by Restoring Redox Homeostasis and Protecting Mitochondrial Function
Authors: Liao Xu , Tang Min , Li Jiejing , Guo Runze , Zhong Chongbin , Chen Xiangzhou , Zhang Xuwei , Mo Hongwei , Que Dongdong , Yu Wenjie , Song Xudong , Li Hekai , Cai Yanbin , Yang Pingzhen
Published: January 2025

Redox imbalance, including excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by mitochondrial dysfunction and insufficient endogenous antioxidant capacity, is the primary cause of myocardial ischemia‒reperfusion (I/R) injury. In the exploration of reducing myocardial I/R injury, it is found that protecting myocardial mitochondrial function after reperfusion not only reduces ROS bursts but also inhibits cell apoptosis triggered by the release of cytochrome c. Additionally, nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) is considered a potential therapeutic target for treating myocardial I/R injury by enhancing the cellular antioxidant capacity through the induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. In this study, a peptide‒drug conjugate OI‐FFG‐ss‐SS31(ISP) is developed by integrating the Nrf2 activator 4‐octyl itaconate (OI) and the mitochondria‐targeting protective peptide elamipretide (SS31), and its therapeutic potential for myocardial I/R injury is explored. The results showed that ISP could self‐assemble into nanofibers in response to the acidic microenvironment and bind to Keap‐1 with high affinity, thereby activating Nrf2 and enhancing antioxidant capacity. Simultaneously, the release of SS31 could improve mitochondrial function and reduce ROS, ultimately providing a restoration of redox homeostasis to effectively alleviate myocardial I/R injury. This study presents a promising acid‐triggered peptide‐drug conjugate for treating myocardial I/R injury.
Resonantly Enhanced Hybrid Wannier–Mott–Frenkel Excitons in Organic–Inorganic Van Der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Fu Shaohua , Ding Jianwei , Lv Haifeng , Zheng Yue , Liu Shuangyan , Zhao Kun , Bai Zhiying , Shi Yumeng , He Dawei , Wang Rui , Zhao Jimin , Wu Xiaojun , Tang Dongsheng , Qiu Xiaohui , Wang Yongsheng , Zhang Xiaoxian
Published: January 2025

Hybrid excitons formed via resonant hybridization in 2D material heterostructures feature both large optical and electrical dipoles, providing a promising platform for many‐body exciton physics and correlated electronic states. However, hybrid excitons at organic–inorganic interface combining the advantages of both Wannier–Mott and Frenkel excitons remain elusive. Here, hybrid excitons are reported in the copper phthalocyanine/molybdenum diselenide (CuPc/MoSe2) heterostructure (HS) featuring strong molecular orientation dependence by low‐temperature photoluminescence and absorption spectroscopy. The hybrid Wannier–Mott–Frenkel excitons exhibit a large oscillator strength and display signatures of the Frenkel excitons in CuPc and the Wannier–Mott excitons in MoSe2 simultaneously through the delocalized electrons. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations further confirm the strong hybridization between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of CuPc and the conduction band minimum (CBM) of MoSe2. The out‐of‐plane molecular orientation is further employed to tune the hybridization strength and tailor the hybrid exciton states. The results reveal the hybrid excitons at the CuPc/MoSe2 interface with tunability by molecular orientation, suggesting that the organic–inorganic HS constitutes a promising platform for many‐body exciton physics such as exciton condensation and optoelectrical applications.
Metalloparticle‐Engineered Pickering Emulsion Displaying AAV‐Vectored Vaccine for Enhancing Antigen Expression and Immunogenicity Against Pathogens
Authors: Guo Zhaofei , Wu Fuhua , Guo Chenqi , Hu Rui , Ou Yangsen , Zhu Yining , Luo Shuang , Song Yuanshuai , He Penghui , He Chunting , Xu Yanhua , Tang Xue , Qin Ming , Wang Hairui , Du Guangsheng , Sun Xun
Published: January 2025

Recombinant adeno‐associated viruses (rAAVs) have emerged as promising vaccine vectors due to their enduring efficacy with a single dose. However, insufficient cellular immune responses and the random and non‐specific distribution of AAVs post‐injection may hinder the development of AAV vaccines. Here, a novel Pickering emulsion platform stabilized by biomineralized manganese nanoparticles and aluminum hydroxide, which can rapidly and efficiently load AAVs, is reported. This platform confers AAVs with favorable in vivo distribution kinetics, diversifying AAV endocytic pathways with reduced dependency on the sialic acid receptor‐mediated route, and ultimately enhancing AAV infection efficiency in antigen present cells (APCs). Concurrently, the Pickering emulsion substantially boosts endogenous 2′3′‐cGAMP production, further activating the cGAS‐STING pathway for stronger immune responses and improving protective efficacy in bacterial infection models. The STING pathway activation also increases AAV target gene expression, potently augmenting the cross‐protective potential of AAV vaccines for COVID‐19. These synergistic effects ensure that effective immune responses are induced even at one‐fifth of the AAV vaccination dose, while the Pickering emulsion further reduces the accumulation of AAV in the liver, thereby improving their safety. The findings highlight the potential of Pickering emulsions as valuable enhancers for viral vectors, providing insights for their broader clinical applicability.
Matrix‐Rigidity Cooperates With Biochemical Cues in M2 Macrophage Activation Through Increased Nuclear Deformation and Chromatin Accessibility
Authors: Shin Seung Jae , Bayarkhangai Buuvee , Tsogtbaatar Khaliunsarnai , Yuxuan Meng , Kim Sang‐Hyun , Kim Yong‐Jae , Taghizadeh Ali , Kim Daesan , Kim Dong‐Hwee , Lee Jung‐Hwan , Hyun Jeongeun , Kim Hae‐Won
Published: January 2025

Macrophages encounter a myriad of biochemical and mechanical stimuli across various tissues and pathological contexts. Notably, matrix rigidity has emerged as a pivotal regulator of macrophage activation through mechanotransduction. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the interplay between mechanical and biochemical cues within the nuclear milieu remain elusive. Here We elucidate how the increased matrix rigidity drives macrophages to amplify alternatively‐activated (M2 phenotype) signaling cooperatively with biochemical cues (e.g., IL4/13) through altered nuclear mechanics. We demonstrate that reconstructed podosome‐like F‐actins and contractility induce nucleus deformation, opening nuclear pores, which facilitates nuclear translocation of the key transcription factor STAT6. Furthermore, the altered nuclear mechanics increases chromatin accessibility induced by H3K9 methylation, particularly of M2‐associated gene promoters. These cooperative events of the mechano‐chemical signaling at the cytoskeletal‐to‐nuclear domains facilitate M2 transcriptional activation and cellular functions. We further evidence the rigidity‐primed M2 macrophages are immunosuppressive and accumulated within stiffened tumors in patients. This study proposes a mechanism by which matrix mechanics crosstalks with biochemical signals to potentiate macrophage activation through nuclear mechanosensing and chromatin modifications, offering insights into macrophage mechanobiology and its therapeutic modulations.
A novel agent targeting APRIL: A new hope for elderly patients of IgA nephropathy
Authors: Liu Xin , Zuo Li
Published: January 2025

Sibeprenlimab is a humanized IgG2 monoclonal antibody that binds to and neutralizes the activity of APRIL. It should usher in a new era in the treatment of IgAN, especially in elderly patients.
Adult‐Onset Hypomagnesemia With Secondary Hypocalcemia Caused by a Novel Variant in TRPM6 Gene: A Case Report
Authors: Chen Yan , Liang Jian , Hu Yuhua , Hong Yunyun , Liu Qiang
Published: January 2025

Hereditary hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia (HSH) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by biallelic variants in the transient receptor potential melastatin 6 (TRPM6) gene, typically presenting in infancy. Currently, there is a lack of reports in the literature on adult‐onset cases. This case report describes a 51‐year‐old male with adult‐onset HSH, presenting with limb weakness, muscle spasms, and electrolyte imbalances, including severe hypomagnesemia (0.28 mmol/L). Genetic testing revealed a novel heterozygous variant in the TRPM6 gene (c.4914del, p.E1638Dfs*8), classified as likely pathogenic. The patient's symptoms significantly improved following magnesium supplementation, and his electrolyte levels gradually normalized. This case highlights the importance of considering HSH in patients with unexplained hypomagnesemia and emphasizes the role of genetic testing in confirming the diagnosis. The findings also suggest that magnesium supplementation can effectively alleviate symptoms and improve the quality of life in patients with adult‐onset HSH. Early recognition and treatment are crucial to prevent potential complications, such as neurological damage.
How do principals’ paternalistic leadership impact teachers’ emotional labor and efficacy: Do gender or region of teachers make a difference?
Authors: Huang Shenghua , Zhang Yanan , Yin Hongbiao
Published: January 2025

Using multigroup structural equation modelling, this study investigated the relationships between paternalistic leadership, emotional labour and teacher efficacy, as well as the moderating roles of gender and region among a group of Chinese primary school teachers. The overall results revealed that both authoritarianism and benevolence dimensions of paternalistic leadership have positive impacts on teachers’ emotional labour, albeit with different strengths. Stronger connections were found between authoritarianism and surface acting, and between benevolence and deep acting/the expression of naturally felt emotions. Surface acting was found to have more negative effects, while deep acting and the expression of naturally felt emotions were more positively associated with teacher efficacy. The results of multigroup structural equation modelling supported the invariant measurement models across gender and region, revealing notable differences subgroups. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are also discussed.
Exploring the Anti‐Adherence Potential of Skt35 to Combat Catheter‐Associated Staphylococcus aureus Infections: Efficacy, Toxicity and Mechanism of Action
Authors: Meenatchi Ramu , Priya Snega , Shreya Chakraborty , Gopi Sanjay , Rajagopal Rajakrishnan , Kaliraj S. , Kumaradoss Kathiravan Muthu , Arockiaraj Jesu
Published: January 2025

Catheter‐associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), often caused by biofilm‐forming Staphylococcus aureus, present significant clinical challenges. Skt35, a dioxopiperidinamide derivative of cinnamic acid, was investigated for its potential antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against S. aureus biofilms. The antibacterial effect of Skt35 was assessed using the zone of inhibition and microdilution methods, revealing a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 µM. Antibiofilm properties were confirmed through crystal violet assays, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, showing significant biofilm inhibition at the Sub‐MIC. In an in vitro bladder model, Skt35‐coated silicone catheter tubes exhibited significant antiadhesive effects. Zebrafish embryo tests indicated no toxicity at concentrations up to 125 µM. Molecular docking and simulation analysis revealed strong binding affinities of Skt35 to Accessory Gene Regulator A (‐7.9 kcal/mol) and Lux Small protein (‐4.96 kcal/mol), suggesting potential disruption of quorum sensing and gene expression in S. aureus, making it a promising candidate for catheter coatings to prevent CAUTIs.
Long‐Term Bioprosthetic Valve Durability After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement With Supra‐Annular Self‐Expanding Versus Intra‐Annular Balloon‐Expandable Valves in Patients With a Small Aortic Annulus
Authors: Matsuhiro Yutaka , Mizote Isamu , Nakamura Daisuke , Dohi Tomoharu , Maeda Koichi , Shimamura Kazuo , Kawamura Ai , Yamashita Kizuku , Kosugi Shumpei , Okuno Shota , Sugae Hiroki , Takeda Yasuharu , Sakata Yasushi
Published: January 2025

Background

The long‐term valve durability of supra‐annular self‐expanding valves (SEV) and intra‐annular balloon‐expandable valves (BEV) in patients with small aortic annuli remains unexplored.

Aims

This study aimed to determine the long‐term bioprosthetic valve durability with SEV versus BEV in patients with small aortic annuli.

Methods

This retrospective study included patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and an aortic annulus area of 430 mm2 or less who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement using SEV and BEV between October 2009 and December 2022. Based on the Valve Academic Research Consortium's three definitions, the endpoints were hemodynamic structural valve deterioration (SVD) and bioprosthetic valve failure (BVF). Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to compare between the two groups and adjust for baseline characteristics. The Fine‐Gray subdistribution hazard model accounted for the competing risk of death.

Results

In total, 565 patients (204 treated with SEV and 361 treated with BEV) were included. The median follow‐up duration was 3.6 years [2.0 years, 5.7 years], and the maximum was 12.3 years. Hemodynamic SVD and BVF were less frequently identified in the SEV group than in the BEV group (1.1% vs. 9.1% within 5 years, 0.7% vs. 8.1% within 5 years, respectively). On the IPTW adjusted Fine‐Gray subdistribution hazard model analysis, hemodynamic SVD was less frequent in SEV compared with BEV (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 0.16; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.04–0.56, p = 0.004). SEV was also associated with a lower BVF risk than BEV (HR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.08–0.76, p = 0.015).

Conclusions

SEV appears to be more suitable for long‐term valve durability in patients with a small aortic annulus.
Effect of structure parameters on solid particle erosion resistance coupled biomimetic anti‐erosion functional surface: A CFD‐DPM investigation
Authors: Dong Yunshan , Guo Jialiang , Yang Kun , Si Xiaodong , Pan Hongyu
Published: January 2025

In this study, the effect of structure parameters on solid particle erosion resistance coupled biomimetic surface was investigated, revealing the optimal structural parameters that minimized erosion. A calculation process of erosion characteristics using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was developed to simulate the erosion physical process. Results indicated that as the bump diameter and the groove width increased, the erosion rate of the biomimetic surface decreased for a given particle size, but the influence of groove width was greater than that of bump diameter. For a given particle size, as the groove width‐to‐depth ratio increased, the erosion rate of the biomimetic surface decreased initially and then increased, with an optimal value between 2.5 and 3 that yielded the lowest erosion. Additionally, changes in particle collision velocity were primarily governed by the vortex scale and intensity within the groove, while changes in particle collision angle were mainly influenced by the groove scale and angle.
Selecting the Optimal DFT Functionals for Reproducing the UV‐Vis Properties of Transition‐Metal Photocatalysts
Authors: Fehér Péter Pál , Stirling András
Published: January 2025

We have applied our practice‐oriented TDDFT benchmark strategy to assess the performance of pure, hybrid, range‐separated hybrid and double‐hybrid functionals for reproducing the electronic spectra of a set of 137 transition‐metal complexes. Our results enable simple pre‐screening of new transition‐metal based photocatalysts. The reference data is based on recently published measurements, from which we have established a new database. The database is named TMPHOTCAT‐137 to reflect the number of complexes (with Cu, Ru, Ir, Fe, Au, Mo and W centres) included and the fact that all of them are either proven or potential photocatalysts. We have found that the M06 functional is the best performer both in terms of practical accuracy and consistency for all metals except Fe. While B3LYP is similarly accurate for Ru and Ir complexes, for the rest of the metals significant wavelength scaling is necessary. Compared to our previous benchmark for organic photocatalysts, double‐hybrid functionals exhibit considerably poorer results while the range separated hybrids CAM−B3LYP and ωB97X−D offer the most consistent performance for both datasets. Among the metals, iron proved to be most difficult for TDDFT: even M06 predicts singlet‐singlet absorption spectra and quintet ground states erroneously, especially for weak ligand fields (i. e., only Fe−N bonds). The functionals that do not exhibit this behaviour are the pure (GGA, meta‐GGA) functionals, but the role of HF exchange in the spectral prediction is equivocal; while functionals with high amounts of HF exchange perform insufficiently, smaller amount of exact exchange yields overall better performance (M06, B3LYP). We have also shown that inclusion of spin‐orbit coupling for the heavier metals does not improve the results. The updated spectrum optimizer code, the TMPHOTCAT‐137 database and the Jupyter Notebook used for analysis are available at github.com/PeterF1234/spectrum_optimizer.