bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of New Azo Ligand and Some Metal Complexes of Tryptamine Derivatives
Authors: Abdulridha Myasim Qasim , Al-Hamdani Abbas Ali Salih , Hussein Iftikhar Ahmed
Published: June 2023

تم تحضير ليكاند الازو الجديدH2L) (من تفاعل ملح ديازونيوم التربتامين مع مركب ٤-امينوفينول .ثم تشخيصة بواسطة التحليل الدقيق للعناصر الى جانب التقنيات الطيفية الاشعة ( فوق البنفسجية والأشعة تحت الحمراء والرنين النووي المغناطيسي للبروتون والكاربون وطيف الكتلة ) .معقدات النيكل الثنائي والبلاديوم الثنائي وبلاتين الرباعي والذهب الثلاثي حضر وشخص بواسطة استخدام الامتصاص الذري والتحليل الدقيق للعناصر بالإضافة إلى  طرق الطيفية ( الاشعة تحت الحمراء وطيف الكتلة والأشعة فوق البنفسجية بالإضافة إلى القياسات المغناطيسية وتوصيلية).ثم استخدام منحنيات TGAوDSC في تحديد الاستقرارية الحرارية للمركبات .حساب الثوابت الثرموداينميك باستخدام منحنى DSC.جميع المعقدات بنسبة (1:1) فلز -ليكاند ، التوصلية المولارية بينت ان المعقدات ذات طبيعة غير الكتروليتية .أليكاند في المعقدات ,وفق التقنيات اعلاه ,شخصت وتم اقتراح معفد النيكل(II)  ومعقد بلاتين (IV) ثماني السطوح اما معقد بلاديوم (II)  ومعقد الذهب (III) الشكل  مربع مستوي  .استخدمت طريقة كبح الجذور الحرة بواسطةDPPH  لتقدير فعالية كمضادات اكسدة ليكاند ومعقدات الفلزية .أظهرت المركبات قدرة على كبح الجذور الحرة
Assessment of image quality of cervical spine complications using Three Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences
Authors: Naji Nabaa A. Rasheed
Published: June 2023

Examining and comparing the image quality of degenerative cervical spine diseases through the application of three MRI sequences; the Two-Dimension T2 Weighed Turbo Spin Echo (2D T2W TSE), the Three-Dimension T2 Weighted Turbo Spin Echo (3D T2W TSE), and the T2 Turbo Field Echo (T2_TFE). Thirty-three patients who were diagnosed as having degenerative cervical spine diseases were involved in this study. Their age range was 40-60 years old. The images were produced via a 1.5 Tesla MRI device using (2D T2W TSE, 3D T2W TSE, and T2_TFE) sequences in the sagittal plane. The image quality was examined by objective and subjective assessments. The MRI image characteristics of the cervical spines (C4-C5, C5-C6, C6-C7) showed significant differences among the three sequences used P˂0.05 with the exception of the contrast P˃ 0.05. For the cervical spines (C4-C5), the minimum CNR was noticed with the T2_TFE sequence. For the cervical spines (C5-C6), the CNR and SNR were higher when they were assessed by the 2D T2W TSE sequence as compared to the other sequences. The same findings were observed with the cervical spines (C6-C7). The subjective assessment of the degenerative cervical spine diseases showed that the T2_TFE sequence is excellent in terms of viewing the central stenosis and foraminal stenosis. The best MRI diagnostic imaging can be obtained using the Turbo Field Echo (T2_TFE) and the Three-Dimension T2 Weighted Turbo Spin Echo (3D T2W TSE) sequences to gain detailed diagnostic information regarding the central stenosis and foraminal stenosis of the cervical spines (C4-C5, C5-C6, C6-C7)
Legal Aspects of the Use Artificial Intelligence in Telemedicine
Authors: Gallese Nobile C.
Published: June 2023

Objective: the rapid expansion of the use of telemedicine in clinical practice and the increasing use of Artificial Intelligence has raised many privacy issues and concerns among legal scholars. Due to the sensitive nature of the data involved particular attention should be paid to the legal aspects of those systems. This article aimed to explore the legal implication of the use of Artificial Intelligence in the field of telemedicine, especially when continuous learning and automated decision-making systems are involved; in fact, providing personalized medicine through continuous learning systems may represent an additional risk. Particular attention is paid to vulnerable groups, such as children, the elderly, and severely ill patients, due to both the digital divide and the difficulty of expressing free consent.

Methods: comparative and formal legal methods allowed to analyze current regulation of the Artificial Intelligence and set up its correlations with the regulation on telemedicine, GDPR and others.

Results: legal implications of the use of Artificial Intelligence in telemedicine, especially when continuous learning and automated decision-making systems are involved were explored; author concluded that providing personalized medicine through continuous learning systems may represent an additional risk and offered the ways to minimize it. Author also focused on the issues of informed consent of vulnerable groups (children, elderly, severely ill patients).

Scientific novelty: existing risks and issues that are arising from the use of Artificial Intelligence in telemedicine with particular attention to continuous learning systems are explored.

Practical significance: results achieved in this paper can be used for lawmaking process in the sphere of use of Artificial Intelligence in telemedicine and as base for future research in this area as well as contribute to limited literature on the topic.
Algorithmic Discrimination and Privacy Protection
Authors: Falletti E.
Published: June 2023

Objective: emergence of digital technologies such as Artificial intelligence became a challenge for states across the world. It brought many risks of the violations of human rights, including right to privacy and the dignity of the person. That is why it is highly relevant to research in this area. That is why this article aims to analyse the role played by algorithms in discriminatory cases. It focuses on how algorithms may implement biased decisions using personal data. This analysis helps assess how the Artificial Intelligence Act proposal can regulate the matter to prevent the discriminatory effects of using algorithms.

Methods: the methods used were empirical and comparative analysis. Comparative analysis allowed to compare regulation of and provisions of Artificial Intelligence Act proposal. Empirical analysis allowed to analyse existing cases that demonstrate us algorithmic discrimination.

Results: the study’s results show that the Artificial Intelligence Act needs to be revised because it remains on a definitional level and needs to be sufficiently empirical. Author offers the ideas of how to improve it to make more empirical.

Scientific novelty: the innovation granted by this contribution concerns the multidisciplinary study between discrimination, data protection and impact on empirical reality in the sphere of algorithmic discrimination and privacy protection.

Practical significance: the beneficial impact of the article is to focus on the fact that algorithms obey instructions that are given based on the data that feeds them. Lacking abductive capabilities, algorithms merely act as obedient executors of the orders. Results of the research can be used as a basis for further research in this area as well as in law-making process.
Approaches to Regulating Relations in the Sphere of Developing and Using the Artificial Intelligence Technologies: Features and Practical Applicability
Authors: Erahtina O. S.
Published: June 2023

Objective: to review the modern scientific approaches to regulating relations in the sphere of using the artificial intelligence technologies; to reveal the main features and limitations of using the risk-oriented and technological approaches in order to determine the directions of their further development.

Methods: the methodological basis of the research is a set of scientific cognition methods, including the general scientific dialectic method and the universal scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, comparison, summarization, structural-functional, and formal-logical methods).

Results: it was determined that the use of the risk-oriented approach implies building constructive models of risk management. A significant issue in using this approach is the bases of referring the artificial intelligence technologies to high-risk ones. When determining the risk level of using the artificial intelligence technologies, the following criteria should be applied:  the type of artificial intelligence technology, its sphere of use, and the level of potential harm for the environment, health and other fundamental human rights.

In turn, the central issue of using the technological approach is the necessity and limits of regulation in the sphere of developing and using the artificial intelligence technologies. First, interference into this sphere must not create obstacles for developing technologies and innovations. Second, a natural reaction of a regulator towards newly emerging objects and subjects of turnover is the “imperfect law syndrome”. At the same time, a false idea about a lack of legal regulation may produce an opposite effect – duplication of legal norms. To solve the problem of duplicating legal requirements, it is necessary, first of all, to solve the issue of the need to regulate the artificial intelligence technologies or certain types of software applications.

Scientific novelty: a review was carried out of the main approaches to regulating relations in the sphere of developing and using the artificial intelligence technologies; the opportunities and limitations of their use are revealed; further directions of their development are proposed.

Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the research can be used for determining the optimal approaches to regulating the sphere of digital technologies and for improving the legal regulation of the studied sphere of social relations.
AI-Based Autonomous Weapons and Individual Criminal Responsibility Under the Rome Statute
Authors: Hassan F. M. , Osman N. D.
Published: June 2023

Objective:international law obligates states to prosecute those who have violated laws in armed conflicts, particularly when the international community now has International Criminal Court (ICC).

That is why the aim of the paper is to discover the responsibility for the crimes made with the use of AI-based autonomous vehicles in accordance with the provisions of the Rome Statute of the ICC.

Methods:doctrinal analysis allowed to research the positions of experts on the responsibility for the crimes made with the use of AI-based autonomous vehicles in accordance with the provisions of the Rome Statute of the ICC.  

Results:this paper argues that the ICC can only exercise jurisdiction over natural persons who allegedly have committed the crimes under its jurisdiction, as compared to autonomous weapons. This paper argues that the persons who facilitate the commission of the alleged crimes are highly likely to be criminally responsible for providing means for the alleged crimes to be committed by AI-based autonomous weapons under Article 25(3)(c) of the Rome Statute and concludes that the Rome Statute provides a solution even to AI-based autonomous weapons.

Scientific novelty:this paper addresses to the highly relevant issues of the responsibility for the crimes made with the use of AI-based autonomous vehicles in accordance with the provisions of the Rome Statute of the ICC.

Practical significance:the results achieved in the paper can be used in regulation design for AI-based autonomous weapons. It can also be used as a basis for the future research in the sphere of liability of AI-based autonomous weapons and AI in general
Ethical-Legal Models of the Society Interactions with the Artificial Intelligence Technology
Authors: Bakhteev D. V.
Published: June 2023

Objective: to explore the modern condition of the artificial intelligence technology in forming prognostic ethical-legal models of the society interactions with the end-to-end technology under study.

Methods: the key research method is modeling. Besides, comparative, abstract-logic and historical methods of scientific cognition were applied.

Results: four ethical-legal models of the society interactions with the artificial intelligence technology were formulated: the tool (based on using an artificial intelligence system by a human), the xenophobia (based on competition between a human and an artificial intelligence system), the empathy (based on empathy and co-adaptation of a human and an artificial intelligence system), and the tolerance (based on mutual exploitation and cooperation between a human and artificial intelligence systems) models. Historical and technical prerequisites for such models formation are presented. Scenarios of the legislator reaction on using this technology are described, such as the need for selective regulation, rejection of regulation, or a full-scale intervention into the technological economy sector. The models are compared by the criteria of implementation conditions, advantages, disadvantages, character of “human – artificial intelligence system” relations, probable legal effects and the need for regulation or rejection of regulation in the sector.

Scientific novelty: the work provides assessment of the existing opinions and approaches, published in the scientific literature and mass media, analyzes the technical solutions and problems occurring in the recent past and present. Theoretical conclusions are confirmed by references to applied situations of public or legal significance. The work uses interdisciplinary approach, combining legal, ethical and technical constituents, which, in the author’s opinion, are criteria for any modern socio-humanitarian researches of the artificial intelligence technologies.

Practical significance: the artificial intelligence phenomenon is associated with the fourth industrial revolution; hence, this digital technology must be researched in a multi-aspectual and interdisciplinary way. The approaches elaborated in the article can be used for further technical developments of intellectual systems, improvements of branch legislation (for example, civil and labor), and for forming and modifying ethical codes in the sphere of development, introduction and use of artificial intelligence systems in various situations.
The Possibility and Necessity of the Human-Centered AI in Legal Theory and Practice
Authors: Rezaev A. V. , Tregubova N. D.
Published: June 2023

Objective: the paper aims to define the problems juridical theory and practice face with the progress of AI technologies in everyday life and correlate these problems with the human-centered approach to exploring artificial intelligence (Human-Centered AI).

Methods: the research  critically analyzes  the relevant literature from various disciplines: jurisprudence, sociology, philosophy, and computer sciences.

Results: the article articulates the prospects and problems the legal system confronts with the advancement of digital technologies in general and the tools of AI specifically. The identified problems are correlated with the provisions of the human-centered approach to AI. The authors acknowledge the necessity for AI inventors, as well as the owners of companies participating in the race to develop artificial intelligence technologies, to place humans, not machines, into the focus of attention as a primary value. In particular, special effort should be directed towards collecting and analyzing high-quality data for the organization of artificial intelligence tools development, taking into account that nowadays, the tools of AI are as practical as the data on which they are trained are effective.

The authors formulate three principles of human-centered AI for the legal sphere: 1) a human as a necessary link in the chain of making and executing legal decisions; 2) the need to regulate artificial intelligence at the international law level; 3) formulating “a taboo” for introducing the artificial intelligence technologies.

Scientific novelty: the article manifests one of the first attempts in the Russianlanguage scientific literature to outline the prospects of developing humancentered AI methodology in jurisprudence. Based on an analysis of special literature, the authors formulate three principles of including artificial intelligence into juridical theory and practice according to the assumptions of a human-centered approach to AI.

Practical significance: the principles and arguments the article advances can be helpful in the legal regulation of artificial intelligence technologies and their harmonious inclusion into legal practices.
Autonomous MicroED data collection enables compositional analysis
Authors: Unge Johan , Lin Jieye , Weaver Sara , Her Ampon Sae , Gonen Tamir
Published: June 2023

MicroED is an effective method for analyzing the structural properties of sub-micron crystals, which are frequently found in small-molecule powders. By developing and using an autonomous and high throughput approach to MicroED, we demonstrate the expansion of capabilities and the possibility of performing complete compositional analysis of complex samples. With the use of SerialEM for data collection of thousands of datasets from thousands of crystals and an automated processing pipeline, compositional analysis of complex mixtures of organic and inorganic compounds can be accurately executed. Quantitative analysis suitable for compounds having similar chemical properties can be made on the fly. These compounds can be distinguished by their crystal structure properties prior to structure solution. Additionally, with sufficient statistics from the autonomous approach, even small amounts of compounds in mixtures can be reliably detected. Finally, atomic structures can be determined from the thousands of data sets.
Relationships of ground motion parameters and energy demands for SDOF and MDOF systems in RC buildings
Authors: MERAL Emrah
Published: June 2023

This study aims to evaluate the correlation between ground motion parameters and energy demands of low-rise RC buildings without shear walls. Two regular 4- and 7-storey residential buildings are seismically designed to represent low-rise RC buildings. In order to establish the demands of single degree of freedom (SDOF) systems as well as multi degree of freedom (MDOF) systems, the dynamic features of “equivalent” SDOF systems are defined by using MDOF systems. The correlation of 20 ground motion parameters (GMPs) of 44 records with the energy demands obtained from a total of 176 nonlinear time history analyses is investigated for SDOF and MDOF systems within the scope of the study. The ground motion parameters (GMPs) have been taken as intensity measures (IMs) while values of maximum input energy are used as demand measure (DM) and these energy values are normalized with the masses of the buildings for cases where the buildings are evaluated together. Parameters related to acceleration and velocity are generally found to have better consequences than ones related to frequency and displacement. Velocity Spectrum Intensity (VSI) and Arias Intensity (Ia) have been obtained to have the highest correlation values as a single parameter. This study suggested new equations with combining multiple ground motion parameters for SDOF and MDOF systems to reflect damage potential better than a single parameter. The usage of combined multiple parameters achieves an evident enrichment of the correlation coefficients.
Motor oscillations reveal new correlates of error processing in the human brain
Authors: Yordanova Juliana , Falkenstein Michael , Kolev Vasil
Published: June 2023

It has been demonstrated that during motor responses, the activation of the motor cortical regions emerges in close association with the activation of the medial frontal cortex implicated with performance monitoring and cognitive control. The present study explored the oscillatory neurodynamics of response-related potentials during correct and error responses to test the hypothesis that such continuous communication would modify the characteristics of motor potentials during performance errors.
Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded at 64 electrodes in a four-choice reaction task and response-related potentials (RRPs) of correct and error responses were analysed. Oscillatory RRP components at extended motor areas were analysed in the theta (3.5-7 Hz) and delta (1-3 Hz) frequency bands with respect to power, temporal synchronization (phase-locking factor, PLF), and spatial synchronization (phase-locking value, PLV).
Major results demonstrated that motor oscillations differed between correct and error responses. Error-related changes (1) were frequency-specific, engaging delta and theta frequency bands, (2) emerged already before response production, and (3) had specific regional topographies at posterior sensorimotor and anterior (pre-motor and medial frontal) areas. Specifically, the connectedness of motor and sensorimotor areas contra-lateral to the response supported by delta networks was substantially reduced during errors. Also, there was an error-related suppression of the phase stability of delta and theta oscillations at these areas. This synchronization reduction was accompanied by increased temporal synchronization of motor theta oscillations at bi-lateral pre-motor regions and by two distinctive error-related effects at medial frontal regions: (1) a focused fronto-central enhancement of theta power and (2) a separable enhancement of the temporal synchronization of delta oscillations with a localized medial frontal focus.
Together, these observations indicate that the electrophysiological signatures of performance errors are not limited to the medial frontal signals, but they also involve the dynamics of oscillatory motor networks at extended cortical regions generating the movement. Also, they provide a more detailed picture of the medial frontal processes activated in relation to error processing.
The causal effect of screen uses versus reading on the brain development in early adolescents
Authors: Li Mingyang , Zhao Ruoke , Xu Xinyi , Chen Ruike , Chen Yiwei , Zhang Yuqi , Zhao Zhiyong , Dang Xixi , Wu Dan
Published: June 2023

The rise of new media has greatly changed our lifestyles, leading to increased time spent on these digital platforms and less time spent reading. This shift has a particularly profound impact on children and adolescents, who are in a critical stage of brain development. Previous studies have found associations between screen use and mental health in children. However, it remains unclear whether these effects are mediated by other variables or if they directly cause the observed outcomes. Here, we utilized the ABCD dataset to examine the causal relationships between screen use and brain development (cognitive, behavioral, or neuroimaging outcomes), and tested the potential displacement effect of screen use on reading habits, based on Mendelian Randomization analysis. Our results revealed adverse causal effects of screen use on language ability and behavior (e.g. withdrawn/depressed symptoms and social problems) in early adolescents between 9 - 13 years old while reading had positive causal effects on their language ability and brain volume in the bilateral frontal and temporal regions. Interestingly, increased screen use was identified as a result, rather than a cause, of behavioral issues such as rule-breaking and aggressive behaviors. Furthermore, our analysis uncovered an indirect influence of screen use, mediated by changes in reading habits, on brain development, e.g., screen indirectly reduced brain volume by reducing reading time although no direct causal effect was found. These findings provide new evidence for a causal influence of screen use and reading habits on brain development and highlight the importance of monitoring media use and related habits change in children.
Extracts of tamarillo, horned melon, and raspberries, but not extract of pear, inhibit human blood platelet aggregation: Investigating the underlying factors for their differential mechanisms
Authors: Barin Agnese , Das Ranjit K. , Bastani Nasser E. , Iversen Per Ole , Duttaroy Asim K.
Published: June 2023

Fruit extracts may be cardioprotective via favorable modulation of platelet-blood vessel interaction. We here show that sugar-free extracts of tamarillo, horned melon (kiwano), and raspberry in a dose-dependent manner inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma. In contrast, pear extract had no such effect. Furthermore, analysisof untargeted metabolites revealed the presence of platelet inhibitory components such as benzoic acid, caffeic acid, and gallic acid in the sugar-free extracts of tamarillo, raspberry, and kiwano, but not in pear extract. All these three fruit extracts inhibited the platelet production of TxB2 and the release of platelet factor 4. In conclusion, our work suggests that tamarillo, raspberry, and kiwano inhibit platelet aggregation partly due to the high levels of anti-platelet compounds such as benzoic, caffeic, and gallic acids.
Country Park Landscape Quality Evaluation and Optimization Strategies Based on the AHP-TOPSIS-POE Model: A Case Study of Four Country Parks in Shanghai
Authors: Li Yunpeng , Liu Jianwei , Zhu Wei , Luo Jingyu
Published: June 2023

To clarify the differences in the landscape environment quality of urban country parks, we used the analytic hierarchy process method (AHP) and the approaching ideal solution method (TOPSIS) to build a criterion layer from four points of view: ecological environment, visual landscape, service facilities and humanistic landscape. We selected 21 evaluation factors to form an index layer to evaluate the landscape quality of four country parks in Shanghai. The AHP-TOPSIS evaluation system was validated using the condition evaluation method (POE) to verify the accuracy and appropriateness of the system. We proposed landscape improvement strategies based on the evaluation results. The results showed that the combined AHP-TOPSIS-POE model can be used to effectively assign weights to evaluation indexes when evaluating the landscape quality of country parks and avoid the one-sidedness of single-factor decision making and the errors caused by human subjective factors. The AHP-TOPSIS-POE model provides a new framework for evaluating the landscape quality of urban country parks.
Tunable Dual-Band Terahertz Filter with Elliptical Graphene Layer and Liquid Crystal Reorientation: Circuit Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Razmkhah Iman , Adelpour Zahra , Sadeghi Mojtaba
Published: June 2023

A post-fabrication tunable terahertz plasmonic filter based on graphene and liquid crystal is proposed. Elliptical-shaped graphene layers are positioned on top of a silica layer to create two pass band resonance frequencies. The reorientation feature of liquid crystal molecules through the incident beam angle and chemical potential values of graphene layers are two parameters to control the resonance frequencies and transmission loss. Our simulations indicate that the optimum performance can be achieved when graphene chemical potential is set to 0.6. Moreover, 3.8THz and 7.9THz are the passband frequencies with negligible transmittance loss. Additionally, a mathematical model of the structure is developed using the Transmission Line Method (TLM), allowing the geometries and materials to be converted into a circuit model. The results obtained from full wave simulations were compared to those obtained through the mathematical model, and acceptable agreement is report.
Calibration of multivariable plasticity parameters using classical optimization methods for porous rocks
Authors: Sanei Manouchehr , Devloo Philippe R.B. , Forti Tiago L.D. , Duran Omar , S Erick S.R. , Feng Yongcun
Published: June 2023

Optimization is a branch of applied mathematics which is used extensively in almost all areas of decision-making. In particular, classical method is a kind of the optimization methods that can be applied to make decisions. The optimization method can only make a better decision if the algorithm starts with an appropriate initial data. The main purpose of this study is two-folds. First, the material parameters of multivariable plasticity models, such as Mohr-Coulomb and DiMaggio-Sandler are calibrated via the gradient based optimization method by considering the appropriate initial data from porous rock database. Moreover, the calibration of models is done by the methods presented in the Nlopt library with considering the same objective functions and the same initial guess for each parameter. Then, a home-made finite element simulator is used to evaluate the correctness of the proposed material parameters identification framework. The results show the capability of the proposed optimization framework to determine properly the material parameters of multivariable plasticity models.
Reliability Evaluation of Reinforcement Learning Methods for Mechanical Systems with Increasing Complexity
Authors: Manzl Peter , Rogov Oleg , Gerstmayr Johannes , Mikkola Aki , Orzechowski Grzegorz
Published: June 2023

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is one of the emerging fields of Artificial Intelligence (AI) intended for designing agents that take actions in the physical environment. RL has many vital applications, including robotics and autonomous vehicles. The key characteristic of RL is its ability to learn from experience without requiring direct programming or supervision. To learn, an agent interacts with an environment by acting and observing the resulting states and rewards. In most practical applications, an environment is implemented as a virtual system due to cost, time, and safety concerns. Simultaneously, Multibody System Dynamics (MSD) is a framework for efficiently and systematically developing virtual systems of arbitrary complexity. MSD is commonly used to create virtual models of robots, vehicles, machinery, and humans. The features of RL and MSD make them perfect companions in building sophisticated, automated, and autonomous mechatronic systems. The research demonstrates the use of RL in controlling multibody systems. While AI methods are used to solve some of the most challenging tasks in engineering, their proper understanding and implementation are demanding. Therefore, we introduce and detail three commonly used RL algorithms to control the inverted N-pendulum on the cart. Single-, double-, and triple-pendulum configurations are investigated, showing the capability of RL methods to handle increasingly complex dynamical systems. We show 2D state space zones where the agent succeeds or fails the stabilization. Despite passing randomized tests during training, "blind spots" may occur where the agent's policy fails. Results confirm that RL is a versatile, although complex, control engineering approach.
Evaluation and optimization of drilling efficiency while drilling based on improved rock-breaking specific energy model of bit
Authors: Song Weiqiang , Mu huidong , Zhao Zhiqiang , Han Xu , Yu Haiyang , Kong Lulin , Hou Wenhui
Published: June 2023

Rock-breaking specific energy model of bit is the key foundation of evaluation and optimization of downhole drilling condition, while some necessary parameters for the existing models is difficult to measure directly while drilling. Aiming to improve the accessibility and accuracy of the model, this study proposes and illustrates an improved method by combining field tests and logging while drilling. The improved model was used to distinguish the inefficient drilling conditions and then to optimize drilling parameters. The results of application cases show that, the necessary parameters for the improved model could be obtained in time and the improved model helps to distinguish the reasons of stick-slip, whirling, load transfer difficulties in different horizontal wells. Based on the proposed model, the drilling parameters were evaluated and optimized, and then the rate of penetration (ROP) get improved by 90.5% with higher energy efficiency. The proposed model and method could facilitate to realize automated and intelligent drilling.
Competitive effects between gravitational radiation and mass variation for two-body systems in circular orbits
Authors: Blachier Baptiste , Barrau Aurelien , Martineau Killian , Renevey Cyril
Published: June 2023

This work provides, at lower order, general analytical solutions for the orbital separation, merging time, and orbital frequency of binary systems emitting gravitational waves while being submitted to mass variations. Specific features, depending on the exponent of the mass derivative, are investigated in details. Two phenomenologically interesting cases are explicitly considered : i) binaries formed by two light primordial black holes submitted to Hawking evaporation and ii) bodies driven by a Bondi accretion of phantom dark energy. It is shown that three different regimes arise, including an intricate non-monotonic behaviour of the system. We study subtle imprints that could be associated with those phenomena. A careful analysis of the conditions of validity of the different hypotheses performed is finally carried out.
Structural, optical, and dielectric properties of PMMA/PEO blend loaded with TiO 2 /V/TBAI
Authors: El-naggar A. M. , Heiba Zein K. , Kamal A. M. , Mohamed Mohamed Bakr
Published: June 2023

Blended polymer films based on poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and poly ethylene oxide (PEO), vanadium doped nano titanium dioxide (TiO2/V) and different amount of tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) were formed by the sol gel and solution casting methods. Rietveld refinement for synchrotron x-ray diffraction was used to investigate structure and microstructure of TiO2/V sample. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed the incorporation of the fillers in the prepared blends. The degree of roughness of different films were explored using SEM technique. The effect of TiO2/V and TBAI doping on linear/nonlinear optical parameters, dielectric constant, electric modulus, energy stored and ac conductivity of PMMA/PEO blend was studied using diffused reflectance and LCR meter techniques. The blended polymer's direct and indirect band gaps (5.03, 4.96) eV shrank to (4.99, 4.64) eV as it loaded with TiO2/V and reduced further (4.33, 4.02) eV as it loaded with TBAI. At 500 nm, the refractive (n) value of undoped blend is 1.76 and blend with TiO2/V and 2.5 wt % TBAI has the highest n value (2.16) while blend with TiO2/V and 10 wt % TBAI has the lowest n value (2.06). The influence of doping on the emitted colors from each blend was explored using fluorescence technique and CIE diagram. The controllable optical and electrical features reveal that the PMMA/PEO with TiO2/V and TBAI blends could be potential optical materials in the advances of futuristic flexible-type optoelectronic devices.
Entangled photon pair generation in an integrated silicon carbide platform
Authors: Anouar Rahmouni , Ma Lijun , Wang Ruixuan , Li Jingwei , Tang Xiao , Gerrits Thomas , Li Qing , Slattery Oliver
Published: June 2023

Entanglement plays a vital role in quantum information processing. Owing to its unique material properties, silicon carbide recently emerged as a promising candidate for the scalable implementation of advanced quantum information processing capabilities. To date, however, in silicon carbide only entanglement of nuclear spins has been reported, while an entangled photon source, whether it is based on bulk or chip-scale technologies, remains elusive. Here, we report the first demonstration of an entangled photon source in an integrated silicon carbide platform. Specifically, strongly correlated photon pairs are efficiently generated at the telecom C-band wavelength through implementing spontaneous four-wave mixing in a compact microring resonator in the 4H-silicon-carbide-on-insulator platform. Energy-time entanglement is created and verified for such signal-idler photon pairs, with the two-photon interference fringes exhibiting a visibility larger than 99%. The heralded single-photon properties are also measured, with the heralded g(2)(0) on the order of 10− 3, demonstrating the CMOS-compatible integrated platform as a prospective fully integrated CMOS-compatible single-photon source for quantum applications.
Evaluation of chemical composition of urinary calculi in vivo based on gray scale ultrasound
Authors: Liu Ning ning , Wang Xiao yi , Li Jing , Xie Hai jie
Published: June 2023

Objective The purpose of this study was to preliminarily predict the chemical composition of urinary calculi using ultrasound in vivo. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 267 patients with urinary calculi, including non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) and ultrasound imaging data obtained before intervention, as well as the chemical composition after intervention. Statistical analysis was performed on the Hounsfield unit (HU) value of the calculi, the grayscale value of the calculi, and the grayscale value of the posterior acoustic shadow of the calculi on ultrasound. Results The chemical composition analysis indicated that there were four types of mixed calculi; the main components were calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) calculi, calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) calculi, carbonate apatite (CA) calculi and anhydrous uric acid (UA0) calculi. The HU value discriminated between calcium-containing calculi and UA0 calculi, with a cut-off value of 644.00, a sensitivity of 88.00% and a specificity of 95.04%, and P < 0.001. The grayscale value of the calculi on ultrasound discriminated between calcium-containing calculi and UA0 calculi with a cut-off value of 200.29, a sensitivity of 38.84% and a specificity of 96.00%, P < 0.001. The grayscale value of the posterior acoustic shadow of the calculi on ultrasound discriminated between CA calculi and UA0 calculi with a cut-off value of 31.48, a sensitivity of 58.33% and a specificity of 84.00%, and P = 0.011. Conclusion Ultrasound can preliminarily distinguish the chemical composition of urinary calculi and provide certain information for clinicians to choose treatment plans.
Natural overgrowth of sand quarries in the conditions of the Western Siberian north taiga plain forest region
Authors: Морозов А.Е. , Белов Л.А. , Башегуров К.А. , Залесов С.В. , Розинкина Е.П.
Published: June 2023

Проанализировано зарастание выработанных песчаных карьеров в условиях Западно-Сибирского северо-таежного равнинного лесного района. На основании пробных площадей установлены количественные и качественные показатели подроста, сформировавшегося на выработанных песчаных карьерах. Установлено, что процесс естественного зарастания растягивается на длительный срок. Даже спустя 35-40 лет после прекращения добычи песка количества подроста на большинстве пробных площадей недостаточно для перевода карьера в покрытые лесной растительностью земли. Причинами медленного зарастания карьеров древесной растительностью являются перевевание песка ветром, низкое плодородие песчаного субстрата и недостаток семян. Для ускорения процесса зарастания рекомендуется покрытие поверхности выработанного карьера слоем торфо-песчаной смеси толщиной 15- 20 см, а также закрепление песка посевом или посадкой трав. При расстоянии до надежных обсеменителей (стена леса) более 100 м целесообразно проведение полного комплекса рекультивационных работ, включающего покрытые поверхности слоем торфо-песчаной смеси и создание лесных культур сосны обыкновенной. Сочетание естественного и искусственного лесовосстановления позволит минимизировать затраты на проведение рекультивационных работ и ускорит вовлечение нарушенных земель в лесохозяйственный оборот.

The article touches upon the overgrowth of developed sand quarries in the conditions of the Western sibirian north taiga plain forest region. On the basis of the trial plots? Quantitative and qualitative indicators of undergrowth formed in the depleted sand quarries were established. It has been established that the process of natural overgrowing stretches for a long period. Even 35-40 years after the cessation of sand mining, the amount of undergrowth on most the trial plots is not enough to transfer the quarry to the lands covered with forest vegetation. The reasons for slow overgrowth of a quarry in woody vegetation is overblowing of the sand by the wind the low fertility of the sandy substrate and the lack of seeds. To accelerate the overgrowth process it is recommended to cover the surface of the worked-out quarry with a layer of plat sand mixture of 15-20 sm, as well as to fix the sand by sowing and grass planting. With a distance to reliable of more than 100 m, it is advisable to carry out a ball range of reclamation works including the surface covering with a layer of plat sand mixture as well as creating forest plantations of pine. A combination of natural and artificial reforestation well minimize the cost of land reclamation and will accelerate the involvement of disturbed lands in forestry turnover.
Laetoli: The Oldest Known Hominin Footprints in Volcanic Ash
Authors: Zaitsev Anatoly N. , Chakhmouradian Anton R. , Musiba Charles
Published: June 2023

Hominin footprints are rare in eastern Africa and known from the Laetoli (Tanzania), Ileret (Kenya), and Melka Kunture (Ethiopia) areas. The prints were made by Australopithecus afarensis, Homo erectus, and Homo heidelbergensis. Their study is an important source of information regarding hominin body size, anatomy, positional behavior, and locomotion biomechanics. The most-known and best-studied examples are the 3.66-Ma Australopithecus afarensis footprint trackways at Laetoli, which represent the oldest known record of hominin bipedalism in Africa. The footprints occur in a volcanic tuff sequence, which was originally deposited as melilite nephelinite ash. Recent excavations show that this valuable paleoanthropological site is slowly disappearing as a result of surface diagenetic processes. Preservation of the footprints is essential and urgently needed.
The Dawn of Humanity: What Can Paleoanthropologists and Geoscientists Learn from One Another?
Authors: Musiba Charles , Gidna Agness , Alene Mulugeta
Published: June 2023

Establishing a scientific narrative of human origins requires a better understanding of the geological processes that facilitated the fossilization and recovery of hominins and associated fauna that inform us about our human ancestors’ past environments. Paleoanthropologists rely on geologists, particularly volcanologists, geochemists, sedimentologists, and geochronologists, to help them tease out the depositional and preservation history of fossils. Here, we provide an overview of how geology has contributed to major paleoanthropological discoveries from select Plio–Pleistocene localities in eastern Africa, Tanzania (Oldupai* (Olduvai) Gorge and Laetoli), Kenya (Allia Bay, Kanapoi, and Koobi Fora), and Ethiopia (Hadar, Woranso-Mille, and Dikika) over the past 75 years of research.
Tectonic and Paleoclimatic Setting for Hominin Evolution in Eastern Africa
Authors: Olaka Lydia , Ebinger Cynthia J.
Published: June 2023

As dynamic processes in the Earth’s mantle stretch and thin large sectors of the African plate, broad plateaus interrupted by deep valleys and flanking mountains have formed at the Earth’s surface. These vertical and horizontal crustal movements occur concurrent with global climate changes, both of which happen over diverse spatial and temporal scales. Together, they modulated eastern Africa’s habitats for early hominins, and for flora and fauna in general. The habitat for hominin evolution, therefore, is shaped by bottom-up and top-down processes. Broad plateau uplift in Ethiopia had initiated by 30 Ma, coincident with or after flood magmatism at 45 Ma when dry seasonal woodland environments initiated in eastern Africa. The fossil-rich sedimentary sequences partially filling the 30–70-km-wide rift basins record the history of human evolution, as well as the complex interplay between climate change, uplift, volcanism, and faulting in equatorial Africa. The lake shorelines and hydrothermal systems served as oases for hunter-gatherers, and the rough topography of the faulted landscape may have served as refugia. Here, we outline the relevant time–space patterns to establish the geodynamic and paleoclimatic context for human evolution in eastern Africa.
Chiral higher spin gravity and convex geometry
Authors: Sharapov Alexey , Skvortsov Evgeny , van Dongen Richard
Published: June 2023

Chiral Higher Spin Gravity is the minimal extension of the graviton with propagating massless higher spin fields. It admits any value of the cosmological constant, including zero. Its existence implies that Chern-Simons vector models have closed subsectors and supports the 3d3d bosonization duality. In this letter, we explicitly construct an A_\inftyA∞-algebra that determines all interaction vertices of the theory. The algebra turns out to be of pre-Calabi-Yau type. The corresponding products, some of which originate from Shoikhet-Tsygan-Kontsevich formality, are given by integrals over the configuration space of convex polygons.
Statistical patterns of theory uncertainties
Authors: Ghosh Aishik , Nachman Benjamin , Plehn Tilman , Shire Lily , Tait Tim M. P. , Whiteson Daniel
Published: June 2023

A comprehensive uncertainty estimation is vital for the precision program of the LHC. While experimental uncertainties are often described by stochastic processes and well-defined nuisance parameters, theoretical uncertainties lack such a description. We study uncertainty estimates for cross-section predictions based on scale variations across a large set of processes. We find patterns similar to a stochastic origin, with accurate uncertainties for processes mediated by the strong force, but a systematic underestimate for electroweak processes. We propose an improved scheme, based on the scale variation of reference processes, which reduces outliers in the mapping from leading order to next-to-leading-order in perturbation theory.
El derecho a la alimentación y su necesaria conceptualización en el Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos
Authors: López Alfonsín Marcelo , Bucetto María Sol
Published: June 2023

El derecho a la alimentación fue avanzando en su reconocimiento en el derecho internacional y ha coadyuvado a que las personas tengan acceso a una alimentación adecuada y a los recursos necesarios para tener en forma sostenible seguridad alimentaria. Su estrecha relación con la dignidad humana lo vincula también con el concepto de desarrollo sustentable, el valor “solidaridad” y el desarrollo humano. La CSJN argentina no ha fijado una posición al respecto, si bien ha brindado protección especial a los pueblos indígenas.
Responsabilidad parental y política pública en México
Authors: Murillo Campos Ángel de Jesús , Ordoñez León Patricia
Published: June 2023

El presente artículo tiene como propósito exponer desde una óptica hermenéutica sobre el principio del interés superior de la niñez, el cual tiene como objeto que, en todas las decisiones de diversos ámbitos, ya sea por instituciones públicas o privadas de bienestar social, así como autoridades administrativas, órganos legislativos garanticen la toma de decisiones que favorezcan la protección de niñas y niños. Con especial atención en los padres, tutores o cuidadores que contribuyen en el desarrollo integral de la niñez. El problema de la responsabilidad parental implica la capacidad de los padres para educar a los hijos lo que conlleva a aplicar de forma activa, consciente y constante del principio del interés superior de la niñez, sin embargo, el Estado como primer garante de los derechos de la niñez, tiene la obligación de establecer mecanismos y políticas públicas para promover la divulgación, el goce y ejercicio de sus derechos, y se garanticen, dejando a los padres, tutores y cuidadores la responsabilidad de ejercer una custodia responsable orientada a procurar el sano desarrollo de los niños. Para el desarrollo de este artículo se implementará el método de investigación dogmática, pues la información principal que se analiza es lo que establece la Declaración sobre los derechos del niño, así mismo la información integrativa que permite comprender el entorno de la infancia y cómo impacta en la infancia.