bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of The Impact of Alcohol and Cannabis/Marijuana Use on Students’ Psychosocial Ramifications in Malawi’s Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Gwayi Onick , Rielly Joseph C.
Published: February 2025

Alcohol and cannabis/marijuana are substances used by Malawian students. Studies have connected an increase in mental health disorders to drug and substance addiction. However, there is limited evidence to support the impact of alcohol and cannabis/marijuana use on students’ psychosocial ramifications in Malawi’s HEIs. This study was conducted to assess the effects of alcohol and cannabis/marijuana use on students’ psychosocial ramifications. The study used mixed methods where quantitative and qualitative methods employed correlational and phenomenological designs, respectively. Quantitative data using closed-ended questions through an online survey was collected to assess the extent to which alcohol and cannabis/marijuana usage is connected with psychosocial impacts. Qualitative data using in-depth interviews via online surveys aided in understanding students’ impressions of the effects of alcohol and cannabis/marijuana usage on their psychosocial lives. Data was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The study revealed high usage (96%) of alcohol and cannabis/marijuana among HEI students. This is attributed to stress and anxiety, boredom and depression, negative peer pressure, heartbreaks, academic obstacles, lifestyles of university/college students, relationship issues, lack of guidance and counseling, lack of resilience, lack of income, and social media influence. The r-value of seeking psychosocial help about alcohol and cannabis/marijuana use is 1.000 at a p-value of 1.000 (1-tailed). This implies a perfect linear relationship (one-to-one correspondence between the values of the variables). Hence, students involved in alcohol and cannabis/marijuana use are likely to seek psychosocial help. However, 77.5% of the respondents have not sought psychosocial help. This might be attributed to a lack of awareness and self-denial among students. Thus, HEI authorities/health practitioners must enforce rules and regulations on alcohol and cannabis/marijuana usage, provide guidance and counselling, engage students in various activities, e.g., sports, and ensure a drug-free campus.
Diligence, Not so Due Unpacking Sandbagging Provisions in Indian M&A Law
Authors: Saraswat Ishaan , Rathi Esha
Published: February 2025

p class="MsoNormal"This paper examines the strategic manoeuvre of ‘sandbagging’
in mergers and acquisitions (M&As), wherein a party, despite
having prior awareness of falsity of certain representations &
warranties, attains the right to claim indemnification, damages
for the breach of warranties, and restitution along with rescission
of a contract for the breach of representations. Sandbagging is
globally widespread; hence its permissibility is influenced by
jurisdictional differences. This paper focuses its narrative on
India, highlighting the nebulous terrain of a buyer claiming a
breach of representations & warranties (R&Ws) through sandbagging provisions. The paper navigates section 19 of Indian
Contract Act (ICA), 1872, to dissect how misrepresentation is
understood and how the requirement of inducement, duty of
ordinary diligence, and the presence of awareness of the falsity of
representations has evolved. Judicial departure from the requirement of diligence and inducement for representations, aligns
India with a pro-sandbagging stance, akin to the modern
commercial practices in the United States (US), albeit with
the challenge of deviating from the text of section 19 of the
ICA, 1872. The paper also seeks to showcase the viability of
sandbagging warranties in India by examining the scheme of the
Sale of Goods Act (SoGA), 1930, the principle of ‘caveat
emptor’, and the courts’ liberal understanding of contractual
warranties. This exploration not only sheds light on the evolving legal landscape of sandbagging in India but also underscores
the broader implications for M&A stakeholders. As India
grapples with these intricacies, the delicate task of aligning
statutory law with modern commercial practices echoes the global
challenge faced in having clarity and transparency regarding the
complexities of M&A transactions.
Third Party Funding Issues in the Arbitration and Mediation Act Against Commercial Prospects in Nigeria
Authors: Mary A. Eweputanna Ivy , Nwodo Fochi , Amucheazi Chibike
Published: February 2025

p class="MsoNormal"The Arbitration and
Mediation Act 2023 (The Act) was enacted to introduce an arbitration regime in
Nigeria consistent with global best practices with a view to enhancing trade
and commercial engagements within and across borders. An interesting innovation
in the Act is the permission of Third-Party Funding (TPF) of arbitrations as
well as the abolishing of the common law torts of champerty and maintenance.
This paper examines the scope of TPF with the aim of establishing its
implications for commercial practice and integration in Nigeria. With a
doctrinal approach, it finds that the Act fails to address issues of control,
conflict of interest, confidentiality, and disclosures all of which are
identified in the paper to be possible challenges associated with TPF
agreements. The paper therefore concludes that while the old Arbitration and
Conciliation Act may have been improved on, more efforts are required to
balance the interest of parties engaged in arbitration over a commercial
dispute in the area of TPF. It recommends for a more detailed legislation that
will specifically address the peculiar features of TPF in Nigeria for a wider
commercial prospect.o:p/o:p
The ECtHR Case Law on Whistleblowing: A Fundamental Rights Benchmark for the European and National Legislator
Authors: Pabel Katharina
Published: February 2025

p class="MsoNormal"The case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR)
developed a set of criteria which are relevant to assess an act of
whistleblowing as a legitimate exercise of the right to freedom of expression.
Most recently, the Grand Chamber judgment in the case of Halet v. Luxembourg
provided updated standards to find a fair balance between the interests
concerned, i.e., the interests of the employee to exercise the right to freedom
of expression which typically coincides with the public interest in receiving
relevant information on the one side and the interests of the employer on the
other side. Remarkably, the EU Directive on the Protection of Whistleblowers
recognizes the respective case law and takes into account the criteria
established by the ECtHR.o:p/o:p
The Role of the Central Whistleblowing Authority in External Reporting: Comparative Remarks
Authors: Skupień Dagmara
Published: February 2025

p class="MsoNormal"The creation of a
national whistleblowing authority is desirable due to the need to increase
public awareness in the field, strengthen the protection of persons reporting
information on breaches of the law against retaliation, and forward external
reports to appropriate bodies depending on the subject matter of the report.
This article examines various institutional solutions regarding the central
whistleblowing authority introduced in the Visegrad countries (Poland, Czech
Republic, Slovakia and Hungary) plus France and Slovenia. The author argues
that from the point of view of the effectiveness of whistleblower protection,
it is necessary to ensure the independence of the central whistleblowing
authority from the executive power and to establish a fully confidential
reporting channel operated by specialized staffo:p/o:p
Enforcement of Intra-EU ECT Awards: Comparing the US, UK and Australian Approaches
Authors: San Martín Isabel
Published: February 2025

With the wave of Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) renewable energy arbitrations coming to an end, investors are seeking to enforce their awards in three continents. This article examines the first decisions issued by domestic courts in relation to the recognition and enforcement of intra- European Union (EU) ECT awards against Spain. The findings of the courts in the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia in these first enforcement cases will have an impact on the enforcement of the many awards that are pending enforcement and future awards that will be rendered in the pending cases against Spain.
Epilogue: Against Codification
Authors: Miles Cameron
Published: February 2025

These short remarks are slightly expanded from a text delivered at the Conference on Enforcement of Arbitral Awards Against Sovereigns, held at the University of Luxembourg on 10 January 2024. It sounds an extended note of caution against unthinking use of codifications in international law, and explains how reference to materials beyond influential projects such as the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) and the Articles on the Responsibility of states for Internationally Wrongful Acts reveals a rather more complicated landscape than first appears when considering the enforcement of arbitral awards against states. I address briefly two examples: the enforceability of arbitral awards procured by fraud or corruption, and the rules for the resolution of treaty conflicts.
Driving Organizational Transformation: Leadership in ERP Implementation and Lessons from the Oil and Gas Sector
Authors: Fredson Gracetiti , Adebisi Babatunde , Ayorinde Olushola Babatunde , Onukwulu Ekene Cynthia , Adediwin Olugbenga , Ihechere Alexsandra Ogadimma
Published: February 2025

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are integral to driving organizational transformation by streamlining processes, improving operational efficiency, and fostering strategic decision-making. This study explores the role of leadership in successful ERP implementation, focusing on lessons learned from the oil and gas sector—a domain characterized by complex operations, dynamic markets, and substantial regulatory demands. It highlights the critical leadership attributes and strategies that facilitate seamless ERP adoption, ensuring alignment with organizational goals and industry-specific requirements. The research identifies key leadership competencies, including vision setting, stakeholder engagement, change management, and risk mitigation, as essential for navigating the challenges of ERP implementation. It emphasizes the importance of fostering collaboration across multidisciplinary teams, ensuring effective communication, and addressing resistance to change through proactive training and capacity building. The study also explores how leaders in the oil and gas sector leverage ERP systems to optimize supply chain management, financial operations, and regulatory compliance while adapting to technological advancements and market pressures. Drawing insights from case studies, this research examines successful ERP implementations in high-profile oil and gas projects, showcasing the transformative impact of effective leadership. The findings reveal that leadership’s ability to balance technological expertise with human-centric approaches significantly enhances the likelihood of project success. Additionally, the research underscores the role of leadership in fostering a culture of continuous innovation and improvement post-implementation, ensuring the organization fully capitalizes on the ERP system’s potential. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on ERP implementation by offering actionable insights for leaders across industries. By applying lessons from the oil and gas sector, organizations can develop robust strategies for managing ERP initiatives, overcoming implementation barriers, and achieving long-term value.
A PROTEÇÃO DO PANTANAL BRASILEIRO: REFLEXÕES À LUZ DA CONVENÇÃO DE PARIS DE 1972
Authors: Santos Rita de Cássia Martins dos
Published: February 2025

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a proteção do complexo das áreas protegidas do Pantanal brasileiro, inscrito e definido pela Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (UNESCO) como um patrimônio mundial natural no ano de 2000, com ênfase no que diz respeito à efetividade da Convenção para a proteção do patrimônio mundial, cultural e natural, também conhecida como Convenção de Paris de 1972, criada pela agência a fim de resguardar e proteger territórios ricos em biodiversidade e de valor universal excepcional. Para tanto, a pesquisa fará uso de abordagem dedutiva, mediante técnica bibliográfica e documental. Desta maneira, foi possível constatar que o Brasil assumiu o compromisso de cumprir com as diretrizes estabelecidas pela referida convenção para proteger os sítios considerados patrimônios mundiais por meio da internalização do documento em 1978, todavia, é recorrente o desmatamento próximo às áreas do Pantanal delimitadas pela UNESCO, de modo a ameaçar a preservação do ecossistema, sua biodiversidade e, consequentemente, eventual inserção do patrimônio na lista de sítios mundiais em perigo, demonstrando a baixa efetividade da proteção do Pantanal.
Hubungan antara Kontrol Diri dan Perilaku Seks Bebas pada Remaja di Kecamatan Tanah Abang
Authors: Arifah Fayzah , Puteri Ika Apriati Widya
Published: February 2025

This study examines the relationship between self-control and sexual behavior among adolescents in Tanah Abang District. With the backdrop of increasing concerns about sexual behavior among teenagers, this study aims to determine the extent of self-control's influence on such behavior. The method used is a quantitative survey involving 111 adolescents randomly selected from several schools in Tanah Abang District. Data were collected through questionnaires measuring levels of self-control and the frequency of sexual behavior, and analyzed using Pearson correlation. The results indicate a significant relationship between self-control levels and tendencies toward sexual behavior, where adolescents with higher self-control tend to exhibit lower rates of sexual behavior. This conclusion suggests that enhancing self-control could be an effective strategy for reducing sexual behavior among adolescents. The study provides a basis for the development of better prevention programs in the future.
Pengaruh Imbalan dan Peluang Terhadap Minat Wirausaha Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas WR Supratman Surabaya
Authors: Kartika Mira Gayatri , Gamal Ahmad , Prihartanti Wiwik , Suasridewi Desak Gede , Rahmanto Agus
Published: February 2025

Wirausaha adalah seorang pembuat keputusan yang membantu terbentuknya sistem ekonomi perusahaan yang bebas. Sebagian besar pendorong perubahan, inovasi, dan kemajuan perekonomian datang dari para wirausaha; orang-orang yang memiliki kemampuan untuk mengambil risiko dan mempercepat pertumbuhan ekonomiMenjadi wirausaha untuk sebagian orang merupakan pilihan. Namun ada sebagain orang berpendapat bahwa wirausaha merupakan bagian karena keterpaksaan. Minat wirausaha sangat dipengaruhi oleh imbalan atau peluang. Minat wirausaha akan sangat tergantung kepada pribadi seseorang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh imbalan dan peluang terhadap minat wirausaha mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Semester Universitas WR Supratman Surabaya. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Semester 2 Prodi Akuntanasi dan Prodi Manajemen. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 30 mahasiswa. Teknik analisis data dengan menggunakan regresi linier berganda dengan bantuan sotware SPSS vesi 26. Hasil penelitian dapat diampulkan bahwa pengaruh imbalan dan peluang secara parsial terhadap minat wirausaha mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Semester 2 Prodi Akuntanasi dan Prodi Manajemen Universitas WR Supratman Surabaya. Pengaruh imbalan dan peluang secara simultan terhadap minat wirausaha mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Semester 2 Prodi Akuntanasi dan Prodi Manajemen Universitas WR Supratman Surabaya.
Pengaruh Pengaruh Harga dan Kulitas Pelayanan Terhadap Minat Beli di Warung Madura Surabaya
Authors: Gamal Ahmad , Purwoko Bambang , Prihartanti Wiwik , Suasridewi Desak Gede , Rahmanto Agus
Published: February 2025

Consumer behaviour is always changing depending on the environment. A very dominant environment can influence consumer behaviour. Factors that support customers to be satisfied with the company are price and service quality factors. Price is a determining factor in making buying decisions. Because the price is related to a person's financial ability, the more he has a high financial ability, the part of buying something is not a problem. Meanwhile, service quality is the second factor after price. Buyers tend to price to determine whether to buy or not. Purchase interest will depend on price and service quality. This study aims to analyse the effect of price and service quality on buying interest in Warung Madura. The population in this study were buyers at Warung Madura in Surabaya. Determination of the sample using Hair where the number of variable indicators is multiplied by 5. The sample in the study amounted to 60 people. Data analysis techniques using multiple linear regression with the help of SPP software vesi 26. The results of the study can be concluded that price has a significant effect on buying interest in Madura stalls in Surabaya. Service quality has a significant effect on buying interest in Madura Surabaya stalls. Price and service quality simultaneously have a significant effect on buying interest in Warung Madur Surabaya.
AI in the Classroom: Analysing ChatGPT Usage Among School and College Students
Authors:   Bharati Vidyapeeth (deemed to be university) Institute of Management and Research, New Delhi, Garg Himanshi
Published: February 2025

This study explores the usage of ChatGPT among school and college students through the lens of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model, with an emphasis on age group as an additional moderating factor. A total sample of 396 students was collected through structured questionnaires. The UTAUT model’s key constructs are Performance expectancy, Effort expectancy, social influence, and Facilitating conditions these were examined to determine their impact on students’ behavioural intention to use ChatGPT. Age was included as a moderating variable to assess on the relationship between these constructs and intention to use ChatGPT. The study highlights the importance of age in understanding technology adoption among students, providing valuable insights for educators and policymakers aiming to integrate AI-driven tools like ChatGPT into educational settings effectively.

Key-words: School and College Students, ChatGPT, UTAUT model
Auto-Adjusting Rear View Mirror: Enhancing Safety and Driving Experience
Authors:   Anjuman-I-Islam's A. R. Kalsekar Polytechnic, New Panvel, Kazi, Ayaan
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the development of an auto-adjusting rear-view mirror system designed to enhance driving safety by automating mirror adjustments based on real-time data from various sensors. The system leverages face detection and environmental data to provide optimal visibility, reduce blind spots, and improve driver convenience. Future expansions include integration with advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) and personalization features.

Keywords--- Auto-adjusting mirror, face detection, servo motor control, Raspberry Pi, driving safety, ADAS.
Workplace Culture and Organizational Behaviour Through a Literary Lens: A Social Science Perspective
Authors:   Assistant professor  MBA  Rv Institute of Technology, BELLAPU VENKATA SUBBAIAH
Published: February 2025

Workplace culture together with organizational behavior functions as essential elements for explaining how people experience their working environments. Literature functions as a tool to observe organizational environments through works which dissect and replicate social dynamics of workplaces as well as leadership patterns and power relationships. The research examines workplace culture and organizational behavior representations in literature through a social science lens while identifying corresponding actual workplace scenarios. The analysis of novels and plays and short stories operates to explain how authors show the fundamental psychological and sociological and cultural elements controlling actions in organizations. Both literature serves as a reflection of societal structures and it functions as a tool which shapes work-related public perceptions. As an organizational behavior investigation this research analyzes internal workplace elements through the theoretical concepts found in existing published works. Through their analysis the study shows that literary literature reveals decisive understanding of the issues encountered alongside possible improvements within different organizational settings. This paper connects organizational behavior theories to literature to create a more extensive comprehension of workplace dynamics evaluated through social science principles.

Keywords:
Workplace culture, Organizational behavior, Literature, Social science, Leadership
An Overview of Machine Learning Techniques for MRI-Based Knee Osteoarthritis Progression Prediction
Authors:   Department of Information Technology, Matoshri Aasarabai Polytechnic Eklahare Nashik, Chakor1 Shradha
Published: February 2025

One common degenerative joint condition that has a substantial negative influence on quality of life and is placing an increasing strain on healthcare systems throughout the globe is knee osteoarthritis (OA). Even while MRI is essential for OA diagnosis and monitoring, conventional techniques that depend on manual cartilage segmentation are labour-intensive and subject to error. In order to overcome these obstacles, this work uses the cutting-edge Cartilage Damage Index (CDI) to present a unique    machine    learning-based     method     for     OA progression prediction using MRI data. More sensitive evaluations of cartilage changes over time are made possible by the CDI, which measures the thickness and structural integrity of cartilage at 36 distinct places inside the tibiofemoral    cartilagecompartment. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to improve prediction accuracy, increase computing efficiency, and reduce dimensionality while maintaining important information. This study evaluates four machine learning algorithms ANN, SVM, Naïve Bayes & Random Forest for its efficacy in predicting the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) based on data obtained from CDI. Validated prediction findings utilise established clinical markers such as JSN in the medial and lateral compartments and abnormalities in KL grades. The findings indicate that the medial cartilage feature set had superior predictive capacity, with the highest overall accuracy achieved with the integration of medial and lateral features. This work provides a robust basis for the early diagnosis and monitoring of OA progression   by integrating     advanced  data    mining techniques   wi     machine  learning,   allowing   more personalised and effective treatment strategies in clinical practice.

Key Words: Cartilage Damage Index, Machine learning, Knee osteoarthritis, MRI-based prediction.
A Comprehensive Review on Machine Learning Approaches for Smartphone Addiction Prediction
Authors:   udent, Department of Information Technology ,MAP College , Nashik., Wagh, Siddhant Dipak
Published: February 2025

Smartphone addiction has become a pressing public health concern, with far-reaching implications for mental health, social interactions, and overall well-being. This study proposes an unsupervised machine learning framework to predict smartphone addiction by analyzing user behavior data, such as screen time, application usage patterns, and psychological factors. The research leverages unsupervised learning techniques to identify patterns and commonalities in unlabelled data, aiming to classify individuals at risk of addiction without predefined categories. Using advanced machine learning libraries like TensorFlow and OpenCV, the system incorporates a robust pipeline involving data collection, preprocessing, and training/testing with high-performance models. The findings highlight excessive social media use and notification frequency as significant predictors, with applications ranging from personalized intervention programs and mental health monitoring to enhanced parental control systems. With a focus on scalable and adaptive methodologies, this framework not only addresses the challenges of smartphone addiction but also offers valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and app developers to design effective solutions for healthier technology use in an increasingly digital society

Key Words:  Smartphone addiction, machine learning, user behavior analysis, mental health, unsupervised learning.
Fraud Detection in UPI Transaction Using Machine Learning
Authors:   Computer Science and Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru New College of Engineering, Shimoga, H G Mohan
Published: February 2025

The use of UPI has grown significantly in recent years. Fraud instances linked to UPI are increasing as it becomes the most widely used payment method for both regular and online purchases. In this research, we use a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to model the steps involved in processing UPI transactions and demonstrate how fraud detection may be done with it. Initially, a CNN is trained using a cardholder's typical behaviour. An inbound UPI transaction is deemed fraudulent if the trained CNN does not accept it with a high enough likelihood. At the same time, we work to prevent the rejection of legitimate transactions. To demonstrate the efficacy of our strategy and to contrast it with other methods found in the literature, we provide comprehensive experimental results.
Persekutuan Aktual di Tengah Pertemuan Virtual: Makna Persekutuan Ibadah dengan Platform Digital Audiovisual
Authors: Harianja Mikael , Hasibuan Ricky Pramono
Published: February 2025

The development of technology, especially in digital, has an impact on the church, one of which is the movement of Sunday worship fellowship using a digital platform in the form of audiovisual. This then raises the question of how to interpret the virtual meeting. In conducting the research, the author then uses descriptive qualitative methods and data collection techniques through literature review by comparing the understanding of fellowship in the understanding of fellowship in the Batak church, especially HKBP with literature that examines digitalization both theologically and praxis in Christian worship and then describes it. The result of the study that virtual meetings using audiovisual digital platforms can be actual if there is a concurrent attitude in conducting worship in this case in the dimension of time and mutual awareness of the presence of fellow worshipers.
PILOT IMPLEMENTATION OF A MULTICOMPONENT INTERVENTION PROGRAM FOR CHILDREN IN THE RISK GROUP IN TERMS OF SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN PRESCHOOL PERIOD
Authors: Tekgül Neslihan , Deniz M. Engin
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of a multicomponent intervention program for children who are in the risk group in terms of social-emotional development in preschool period on children's social-emotional development, behavioral problems and well-being, and parents' competence, parenting relationships and parental stress levels. In line with this purpose, the research has a mixed design feature as it includes quantitative and qualitative dimensions. The qualitative part was conducted with a phenomenological design to evaluate the participants' perceptions of the program, while the quantitative part was designed with a pretest-posttest and control group experimental design. Necessary ethical permissions were obtained for the research. The following scales were administered to the participants according to the criteria for assignment to the groups, primarily voluntariness: Social Skills Assessment Scale, Preschool Behavior Questionnaire (PBQ), Social Emotional Well-Being and Psychological Resilience Scale for Preschool Children (PERIK), Perceived Parental Self-Efficacy Scale (PPSE), Parent Stress Scale (PSS), Parenting Relationship Questionnaire (BASC-3) and personal information form. In the statistical analysis of the data, qualitative data were analyzed using MaxQDA-2018 qualitative data analysis program and quantitative data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 22 package program. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test and Mann Whitney U test were used in qualitative data. In the experimental group, a significant (p0.05). It can be concluded that the multicomponent intervention program for children in the risk group in terms of social-emotional development in preschool period is effective in the social-emotional development of children. Comprehensive experimental studies on this subject are needed.
An account of Drosera section Arcturia
Authors: Nunn Richard
Published: February 2025

Two most uncommon species of Drosera can be found in the alpine regions of southern Australia and New Zealand, D. arcturi (New Zealand, southern Australia and Tasmania), and D. murfetii (Tasmania). The objective of this paper is to synthesise the current knowledge of these species into one account, including field observations and images from the author.
Effectiveness of Breast Cancer Awareness Month (BCAM) Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Google Trends Analysis
Authors: Ramadan Majed , Alshekhi Walaa , Aboalola Doaa , Aouabdi Siham , Alzahrani Haneen , Ashi Abrar , Alsiary Rawiah
Published: February 2025

Background: Breast cancer awareness month (BCAM) strategy has been established in Saudi Arabia to promote national knowledge about Breast Cancer, as the Saudi Cancer Registry annual reports reported that breast cancer has ranked first among other cancerous diseases in women. Early detection and the treatment in the early stages of the disease will increase the survival rate of breast cancer patients. Many detection techniques have been used for breast cancer. The objectives of this study are to investigate the popular pattern in seeking screening information of breast cancer in Saudi Arabia using Google Trends.
Methods: Data from January 2012 to December 2022 were analyzed for "breast cancer" and "Mammogram" searches. A difference-in-differences design compared pre- and post-COVID-19 search volumes. Ethical approval was obtained, and statistical analysis was conducted using SAS.
Results: Over a decade, interest in breast cancer and mammograms in Saudi Arabia increased steadily. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant decline in both searches. Breast cancer searches decreased notably post-pandemic (p = 0.007), while mammogram searches declined but not significantly (p = 0.31). Regional disparities in search volumes were observed.
Conclusion: Several awareness campaigns especially in the country sides are essential to help increase public awareness and interest.
Social Support, Spiritual Well-Being, and Quality of Life Among MSM and Transgender Women Living with HIV in Rural Thailand
Authors: Vongtree Anongluk , Khumsaen Natawan , Sungsakul Wimonpan , Peawnalaw Supannee , Chenchob Panarat , Namwong Tassamon
Published: February 2025

Background: HIV/AIDS continues to be a significant public health challenge in Thailand, affecting not only the physical health but also the overall quality of life (QOL) of those living with the virus. Understanding the factors influencing QOL is crucial for developing effective interventions and support systems. This study examined the QOL among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) living with HIV in Thailand and identify factors that are associated with their QOL.
Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative design with secondary analysis was employed. Standardized measures were used to assess social support, spiritual well-being (SWB), and QOL. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation coefficient.
Results: Social support was found to be at a moderate level, while SWB was high. Overall QOL was moderate. QOL scores were significantly higher among those with a bachelor’s degree, those earning 20,001-30,000 baht monthly, and those who had disclosed their HIV status (p<0.05). Significant positive correlations were observed between QOL and both social support (r=0.459, p<0.05) and SWB (r=0.501, p<0.05).
Conclusion: The findings revealed that moderate level of overall social support and high level of overall SWB significantly influence QOL among MSM and TGW. These findings provide a foundation for developing targeted nursing interventions that focus on social support and SWB to improve QOL among MSM and TGW.
Household Food Insecurity and the Factors Influencing Growth and Nutrition Among Under-5 Children in Hubballi, India: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Joshi Anjana R , Shaikh Rizwana B , Andanigoudar Kashavva B , Teli Rohit D , Tilagul Saiprasad
Published: February 2025

Background: Household Food Insecurity is one of the key determinants of chronic undernutrition in Indian children. Other factors include maternal factors, feeding practices, socio- sociocultural and environmental factors. The study was conducted to compare household food insecurity and other factors among undernourished and normal children aged < 5 years.
Methodology: A community-based case-control study was conducted among PEM cases and normal controls in Hubballi using a pretested, semi-structured, validated questionnaire. Food insecurity was assessed using the standard USFAID household food insecurity scale. Height-for-age, weight-for-age, and weight-for-height Z scores were calculated using WHO Anthro PC.
Results: Food Insecurity was found in 42% of the cases and 30% of the controls with 10% of the cases having severe food insecurity. There was a significant difference in the mean scores of household food insecurity among cases and controls. Food insecurity, low birth weight, illness, weaning initiation < 6 months of age, children without deworming, and the children who did not attend the under-5 clinic had higher odds of being malnourished.
Conclusion: Household food insecurity is one of the important preventable risk factors for malnutrition. Creating awareness and proper utilization of health services has a positive impact on the child’s growth and development.
Study on Drug Usage, Storage and Wastage among Households in Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India - A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nancy L  , M Palanivel Sundaram , Logaraj M  , Anantharaman VV  , Kalaivanan R
Published: February 2025

Background: Improper drug storage is immensely prevalent in households. A significant number of families do not follow prescribed practices for maintaining the safety and efficacy of medications. Increased rates of unintentional poisoning, decreased drug efficacy, and the emergence of antibiotic resistance are just a few adverse consequences that might result from such negligence.
Methodology: A total of 213 households were selected using multi-stage random sampling techniques. A pretested structured questionnaire on drug storage, usage, wastage in the households was used and detailed interview was conducted with the participants.
Results: Majority of the participants 56.3% (120) belonged to the age group of 30- 40 years, most of the participants are graduates 39.4% (83). The prevalence of self-medication was 30.5%. Safe storage conditions with appropriate packing were used by 81.5% (167) of people. About 69.9% (149) has good knowledge on correct dosage of medications.91.2% (187) of households discard unused medications in the garbage. Commonly stored medicine was analgesics and antipyretics 21.6% (86). In this study Increasing age, Education and Family with senior citizens above 60 years have a strong association with storage condition of medicines at home.
Conclusions: This study shows 96.3% prevalence of in-home storage medication practices. Ensuring the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of medications requires proper management from storage to use and waste prevention.
Promoting Inclusivity in Blood Donation: Public Health
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh R , Meshram Priyanka , Inkane Swapnil
Published: February 2025

The practice of blood donation supports community unity, as it brings all individuals on a common platform where they help each other and the health system in the mission to save human lives. Regardless of the wide scope and merits of blood donation in saving lives and improving health, it is a fact that many patients who are in need do not receive safe blood timely. As the existing pool of donors cannot meet the requirements of everyone, it is the need of the hour to appeal to and encourage a diverse group of blood donors to support the healthcare delivery system. Acknowledging the need to have a diverse pool of donors, we must promote inclusivity in blood donation and this will require a combination of multiple strategies. In conclusion, the availability of a diverse blood donor base makes it extremely useful for patients from different backgrounds by making the entire process compatible and safe. Many barriers have been identified that could limit the inclusivity in blood donation, and this will require a comprehensive approach to ensure that all communities are equally represented in the donor pool, ultimately leading to a more diverse and adequate blood supply.
Management of Vitamin D Deficiency Among the Under-Five Children Residing in Coastal Areas of Karnataka: A Study Protocol
Authors: Pai Mamatha Shivananda , Kotian Reshma R , Mundkur Suneel C , Kamath Shobha U , D'Souza Anjeline , Bhat Bhavana B , Acharya Sangeetha M
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency has become the new normalcy due to rapid transition of lifestyles among the people globally. Vitamin D is synthesized in the body due to exposure of skin to sunlight. Correction of vitamin D deficiency poses a major demand due to its action on bone and muscle health. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of sun exposure and Vitamin D supplement and Vitamin D supplements alone on serum vitamin D levels among the under-fives.
Methods: This protocol is a randomized controlled study planned to be carried out among the under-five children with vitamin D deficiency. Children will be randomised into two groups (Group 1 -Vitamin D supplementation only) and (Group 2 - vitamin D supplementation +sun exposure). Both the group will receive intervention for 12 weeks and Serum Vitamin D levels will be tested after 12 weeks. Descriptive and inferential statistics will be used to present the findings of the study.
Conclusion: Identification and treatment of Vitamin D deficiency is vital in children`s bone health. This protocol will provide direction and guidance to optimize utilization of treatments to improve vitamin D deficiency among under five children.
Unveiling Genital Tuberculosis: India’s hidden Infertility Epidemic
Authors: VR Yashvanthan , Grace G Angeline , P Sujitha , T Ilam Ilaval , S Hariharan
Published: February 2025

Genital tuberculosis (GTB) is a significant yet underrecognized cause of infertility, particularly in high-burden countries like India. It often presents asymptomatically or mimics other reproductive disorders, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. GTB primarily affects women of reproductive age but can also impact men, contributing to infertility through various pathophysiological mechanisms. Despite its prevalence, GTB remains a hidden epidemic due to limited awareness, diagnostic challenges, and systemic healthcare gaps. This narrative review explores the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and impact of GTB on infertility in India. It also highlights diagnostic and management challenges while proposing strategies to address this critical public health issue.
GTB contributes to 15-20% of infertility cases in India, with the highest burden among women aged 20-40 years. Hematogenous spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis leads to chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and scarring of reproductive organs, resulting in irreversible damage. Traditional methods like microscopy and culture are inadequate for GTB detection. Advanced techniques, though more accurate, remain inaccessible to many due to cost and resource constraints. While antitubercular therapy (ATT) can control infection, restoring fertility often requires surgical intervention or assisted reproductive technologies, which are financially prohibitive for most patients. GTB is a silent epidemic with profound implications for reproductive health and social well-being in India. Addressing GTB requires enhanced awareness, integration of infertility screening into TB programs, improved access to advanced diagnostics and treatments, and targeted public health policies. Bridging these gaps can mitigate the burden of infertility and improve quality of life for affected individuals.
Using artificial intelligence to improve the quality of teaching
Authors:   Lecturer, Termez State Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan, Jumanazarovna Jo’rabekova Madinabonu
Published: February 2025

In private ESL education, the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) tools offers great potential to improve teaching methods. With basic technical skills, teachers can use AI to optimise lesson creation and delivery, resulting in effective and varied learning experiences for students. Learn three ways to use AI and what it can do for teachers of English as a foreign language.
BMI as a predictor of progression from TB infection to active TB in PLHIV
Authors: Nguenha D. , Ndebele F. , Saavedra B. , Mambuque E. , Acácio S. , Cárdenas V. , Chihota V. , Grant A. , Yimer G. , Fielding K. , Cobelens F. , Churchyard G. , Garcia-Basteiro A.L.
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND
Low body mass index (BMI) is a globally important risk factor for TB progression. Little is known about this association in people living with HIV (PLHIV) and the functional form of the BMI-TB incidence curve.

METHODS
Secondary
analysis of a randomised controlled trial of TB preventive therapy among PLHIV in South Africa, Mozambique, and Ethiopia. Participants received 3 months of weekly high-dose rifapentine-isoniazid given once or twice over a period of 2 years. Multivariable fractional polynomials (MFPs) were
used to investigate functional forms of BMI. Time to incident TB was modelled using Cox’s proportional hazard regression.

RESULTS
A total of 76 TB events were documented, giving an overall TB incidence rate of 1.2 per 100 person-years
(95%CI 1.0–1.6). Baseline BMI <18.5 kg/m2 was associated with a 2.6-fold increased hazard of TB compared with BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 (aHR 2.6, 95% CI 1.4–4.8, P < 0.001). BMI ≥30 kg/m2 was associated with a lower hazard of TB
(aHR 0.5, 95% CI 0.2–1.0). Continuous and categorical BMI showed weak evidence of quadratic dose-response relationships (P = 0.08 and P = 0.09, respectively). MFP analysis was consistent with a decline in TB incidence for increasing BMI to around 25 kg/m2, followed
by a less steep decline in TB incidence for increasing BMI >25 kg/m2.

CONCLUSIONS
In PLHIV, BMI showed an inverse log-linear association with TB incidence. The MFP approach showed that the relationship is more complex than
a simple log-linear association.
Safety of 3-month rifampicin-isoniazid TPT in child household contacts in a community-based intervention
Authors: Tchakounte Youngui B. , Tchounga B.K. , Atwine D. , Vasiliu A. , Cuer B. , Simo L. , Okello R. , Tchendjou P. , Kuate Kuate A. , Turyahabwe S. , Cohn J. , Graham S.M. , Casenghi M. , Bonnet, M.
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND
The WHO recommends shorter TB preventive treatment (TPT) regimens and decentralised delivery models to improve effectiveness. This study evaluated the safety of a 3-month rifampicin-isoniazid (3RH) regimen administered by community
health workers (CHWs) in households in Cameroon and Uganda.

METHODS
A cluster-randomised trial was conducted among child contacts of TB patients. We compared the safety of 3RH delivered by CHWs at home (intervention) vs standard-of-care,
facility-based administration of 3RH. Safety outcomes included adverse events (AEs), serious adverse events (SAEs), and adverse reactions (ARs). We described the steps from symptom identification by CHWs to classification by a clinician.

RESULTS
Of
1,316 children initiated on 3RH, AEs were reported in 8.7% (81/936) in the intervention arm versus 11.3% (43/380) in the standard-of-care arm, P = 0.15. Overall, 37 SAEs occurred in 36 children, all non-medication related. There were 16 ARs reported, occurring in 1.0% (9/936) of children
in the intervention arm and 1.6% (6/380) in the standard-of-care arm, P = 0.22. During 4,608 follow-up visits, 21 children reporting AR symptoms were identified by CHWs, 16 were assessed by clinicians, and 4 ARs were confirmed.

CONCLUSIONS
The
3RH regimen was safe, including when administered by trained CHWs in community settings, supporting its use in decentralised healthcare models.
Reversible zoonotic transmission of TB from humans to dairy cattle
Authors: Islam M.N. , Khan M.K. , Hassan J. , Nahar M.S. , Khan M.F.R. , Islam M.A. , Rahman A.K.M.A. , Alam M.M.
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE
To use molecular techniques to assess the prevalence of M. bovis and M. tuberculosis in tuberculin-positive dairy cattle and to identify the risk factors for TB in these animals.

METHODS
A
cross-sectional study was conducted from 2018 to 2020 across Mymensingh, Sirajgonj and Dhaka Districts in Bangladesh. The single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin test was administered to 1,580 cattle suspected of having bovine TB using both avian and bovine purified protein derivative.
Milk and lung tissue samples from positive animals were examined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the causative agents of TB. Multivariable logistic regression model identified risk factors, and Sanger’s dideoxy sequencing method was used for the phylogenetic analysis
of PCR amplicons.

RESULTS
Simplex PCR identified Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in 12.6% of samples. Multiplex PCR detected M. bovis in 6.3% and M. tuberculosis in 3.1% of the samples. Phylogenetic analysis of
12 IS6110 gene sequences (8 M. bovis, 4 M. tuberculosis) confirmed alignment with human isolates from Bangladesh.

CONCLUSION
The study suggests potential reverse zoonotic transmission of M. tuberculosis. Further
research is needed to understand the implications and assess TB transmission between humans and cattle in Bangladesh. The findings highlight the need for a comprehensive One Health approach.
Valorização de resíduos de acerola: uma abordagem sustentável para a obtenção de compostos bioativos com propriedades antioxidantes e antimicrobianas
Authors: Macêdo Paulo Felipe Câmara de , Lima Alliny Samara Lopes de , Felipe Ana Terra de Medeiros , Paiva Emanuelle Maria de Oliveira , Matsui Kátia Nicolau , Pedrini Márcia Regina da Silva , Salomão Beatriz de Cássia Martins
Published: February 2025

Este estudo teve como objetivo quantificar os compostos fenólicos em extratos hidroalcoólicos de resíduo de acerola, tanto in natura quanto desidratado, visando avaliar seu potencial como fonte de antioxidantes naturais e agentes antimicrobianos. Os resíduos foram preparados em solução hidroalcoólica (1:1) a 15% (m/v) e submetidos à extração por ultrassom, seguida de agitação mecânica. O teor de compostos fenólicos foi quantificado pelo método de microplacas utilizando o reagente Folin-Ciocalteu, e a atividade antioxidante foi avaliada contra os radicais DPPH e ABTS. A atividade antibacteriana foi determinada por meio da técnica de concentração inibitória mínima (CIM), utilizando as cepas de E. coli e S. aureus. Os extratos apresentaram teores de compostos fenólicos de 15,90 mg EAG/g para o extrato in natura e 77,60 mg EAG/g para o extrato desidratado. O extrato de resíduo desidratado demonstrou alta atividade antioxidante, com 212,13 ± 4,05 μmol TE/g contra o radical ABTS e 170,47 ± 4,65 μmol TE/g contra o radical DPPH. A atividade antibacteriana do extrato desidratado foi significativamente maior que a do extrato in natura, com CIM de 75 mg/mL para E. coli e 37,5 mg/mL para S. aureus. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que o resíduo de acerola possui alto teor de compostos fenólicos e expressiva atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana. Esses resultados evidenciam o potencial do resíduo de acerola como uma fonte promissora de ingredientes funcionais para a indústria de alimentos, promovendo a valorização desse subproduto agroindustrial e contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de produtos mais saudáveis e sustentáveis.