bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extracellular Vesicles Promote Arteriogenesis in Chronically Ischemic Myocardium in the Setting of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Scrimgeour Laura A. , Potz Brittany A. , Aboul Gheit Ahmad , Shi Guangbin , Stanley Melissa , Zhang Zhiqi , Sodha Neel R. , Ahsan Nagib , Abid M. Ruhul , Sellke Frank W.
Published: July 2019

Background

Ischemic heart disease continues to be a leading cause of mortality in patients. Extracellular vesicles (
EV
s) provide a potential for treatment that may induce collateral vessel growth to increase myocardial perfusion.

Methods and Results

Nineteen male Yorkshire pigs were given a high‐fat diet for 4 weeks, then underwent placement of an ameroid constrictor on the left circumflex artery to induce chronic myocardial ischemia. Two weeks later, the pigs received either intramyocardial vehicle (n=6),
EV
s (high‐fat diet with myocardial EV injection [HVM]; n=8), or HVM and calpain inhibition (n=5). Five weeks later, myocardial function, perfusion, coronary vascular density, and cell signaling were examined. Perfusion in the collateral‐dependent myocardium was increased during rapid ventricular pacing in the
HVM
group in both nonischemic (
P
=0.04) and ischemic areas of the ventricle (
P
=0.05). Cardiac output and stroke volume were significantly improved in the
HVM
group compared with the control group during ventricular pacing (
P
=0.006). Increased arteriolar density was seen in the
HVM
group in both nonischemic and ischemic myocardium (
P
=0.003 for both). However, no significant changes in the capillary density were observed between the control,
HVM,
and HVM and calpain inhibition groups (
P
=0.07). The group that received
EV
s with oral calpain inhibition had neither increased vessel density (
P
>0.99) nor improvement in blood flow or cardiac function (
P
=0.48) when compared with the control group.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that
EV
s promote angiogenesis in areas of chronic myocardial ischemia and improve cardiac function under conditions of diet‐induced metabolic syndrome.
Protecting Minorities from Discrimination and Mass Violence through Provisional Measures Indicated by the International Court of Justice
Authors: Maučec Gregor
Published: July 2019

Although not traditionally thought of as a particularly important piece of the UN machinery for the protection of minorities, the International Court of Justice (icj) has made in this area important jurisprudential contributions. The icj can also take a more immediate step towards protecting minority rights by indicating provisional measures, as it did in the Bosnian Genocide case, in both cases of a racial discrimination lawsuit filed against Russia and, most recently, in Qatar v. United Arab Emirates. The purpose of this article is twofold: (1) by critically analysing the selected cases in which provisional measures were requested, to assess the contribution of the icj’s rulings (and appended judicial opinions) on such measures to interpreting, defining the content and developing the law of genocide, racial discrimination and equal treatment of minorities, and (2) to examine the potential for the icj to enhance the protection of minorities by indicating provisional measures.
Chasing The Dream – Self-Determination on a Non-territorial Basis for the Noongar Traditional Owners in the South West of Australia
Authors: De Villiers Bertus
Published: July 2019

Self-determination for Aboriginal people in Australia has been a long sought after yet difficult objective to reach. The recently concluded Noongar Settlement in the state of Western Australia opens new opportunities and could potentially set a new benchmark for non-territorial autonomy and self-government for an Aboriginal community. The Noongar Settlement exceeds the more traditional settlements of a native title claim since it provides elaborate institutions for self-government albeit by way of private bodies corporate. The bodies corporate for the Noongar people would enable them to make and administer decisions; offer services; undertake management of public conservation areas; and advocate for the best interests of their community. This privatised form of self-government may not only provide new impetus to other land claim processes in Australia, it may also address the often-heard demands from Aboriginal people for a treaty to be entered into between themselves and the government of Australia.
Labour Market Integration of Indigenous Youth in the Republic of Karelia, Russia
Authors: Garipov Ruslan
Published: July 2019

This article highlights the main conclusions of a recent study within the World Bank Group project that is based on April-May 2017 fieldwork and looks at the labour market integration of indigenous youth in the Republic of Karelia, northwest of Russia. The main purpose of the study is the better understanding of the social inclusion or exclusion of indigenous youth in the Republic of Karelia by examining their integration into the labour market in the short and long terms.
What Predicts Religious Tolerance? Education or Religiosity in Pakistan’s Multi-religious Society
Authors: Hanif, Saba , Ali, Majid Hassan , Carlson Janelle
Published: July 2019

Although Pakistan is listed as a highly intolerant country, this intolerance has rarely been investigated in the context of Pakistan. The current study aims to provide a contextual account of religious tolerance in Pakistan with a special focus on schools (including madrasas) and religiosity. Building on the pre-existing literature we tested to what extent madrasas, secular (worldly) education schools, and individual religiosity explain religious tolerance among students. We measured four dimensions of religious tolerance: freedom, respect, discrimination, and acceptance. Random sampling techniques were used to collect data from students (N = 937) of madrasas and mainstream schools. Structural equational modelling analyses revealed that madrasa students were least tolerant of religious minorities and private school students were the most tolerant. The study also found that the higher the religiosity of an individual, the lower their levels of religious tolerance, particularly, among private school students. Implications for research and policy are discussed.
A new species of Calamaria (Squamata: Colubridae) similar to C. ceramensis de Rooij, 1913, from the Banggai Islands, east of Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: KOCH ANDRÉ , ARIDA EVY , MCGUIRE JIMMY A. , ISKANDAR DJOKO T. , BÖHME WOLFGANG
Published: July 2019

A new species of reed snake, genus Calamaria, is described from the Banggai Islands off the east coast of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The new species, which is phenotypically similar to C. ceramensis from the central Moluccas, is characterised by the absence of preocular scales, five supralabials (third and fourth entering orbit), five infralabials (the first meet behind the mental), mental scale separated from the anterior chin shields, five scales surrounding the paraparietal, (most probably) seven modified maxillary teeth, a high number of ventral scales, a short, thick tail which is slightly tapering to a point, a single anal plate, as well as by a characteristic colour pattern of a pale brown dorsum dotted with darker spots, a pale collar behind the head, and a pale and dark lateral zigzag pattern along the body. Calamaria banggaiensis sp. nov. represents the fifty-eighth known species of Calamaria and the twelfth species of this genus recorded from the Sulawesi region. The new taxon is the only species of reed snake recorded from the Banggai Islands. It is known only from two adult specimens, a male and a female. For phenotypic comparison with the new species, both syntypes of C. ceramensis de Rooij, 1913, are depicted herein for the first time. An updated key to the Calamaria species of Sulawesi and its satellite islands is presented.
Geographic variation of the Andersons Niviventer (Niviventer andersoni) (Thomas, 1911) (Rodentia: Muridae) of two new subspecies in China verified with cranial morphometric variables and pelage characteristics
Authors: LI SONG , YANG JUNXING
Published: July 2019

A total of 66 specimens of Niviventer andersoni with intact skulls was investigated on pelage characteristics and cranial morphometric variables. The data were subjected to principal component analyses as well as to discriminant analyses, and measurement overlap was studied as compared with the coefficient of difference. The results indicate that three subspecies of N. andersoni can be recognized in China, including N. a. andersoni broadly distributed from northwestern Yunnan, Sichuan, northward to southern Shaanxi, and eastward to Hubei, N. a. pianmaensis subsp. nov. in western Yunnan, and N. a. ailaoshanensis subsp. nov. in Mt. Ailaoshan, central Yunnan province. Our study for the first time validates its subspecies differentiation that is most likely related to intra-specific geographic variation. In addition, a taxonomic revision of Niviventer andersoni in China is described.
A new species of Paratagalis Monte from Brazil with taxonomical notes and a key to New World genera of Saicinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Saicinae)
Authors: GIL-SANTANA HÉLCIO R. , COSTA LUIZ A. A.
Published: July 2019

Paratagalis zikani sp. nov. from Brazil is described. A revised diagnosis of Paratagalis Monte, 1943, is provided. Morphological variation and sexual dimorphism of Paratagalis spinosus Monte, 1943, are described for the first time. A key to the Saicinae genera of the New World is provided.
Two new species of Catonidia Uhler (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Achilidae) from southwestern China, with the first description of the male of Catonidia wuyishanana Wang & Huang
Authors: CHEN XIANG-SHENG , HE TING-TING
Published: July 2019

The following two species of the genus Catonidia Uhler, 1896 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Achilidae: Achilini) from China are described as new to science: C. lii sp. nov. (southwestern China: Guizhou) and C. daozhenensis sp. nov. (southwestern China: Guizhou). The male of C. wuyishanana Wang & Huang, 1990 (southern China: Fujian) is reported and described for the first time. The generic characteristics are redefined. A key to the species of the world is presented.
Catalogue of Madagascan and adjacent islands Buprestidae (Bellamy 2006): Addenda & Corrigenda
Authors: VIETTE P. , BELLAMY C. L. , ABERLENC H.-P.
Published: July 2019

Additions and corrections for the Catalogue of Madagascan and adjacent islands Buprestidae (Bellamy 2006) are given.
A new species of Leptolalax (Anura: Megophryidae) from central Vietnam
Authors: ROWLEY JODI J. L. , TRUNG CAO TIEN
Published: July 2019

We describe a new species of megophryid frog in the genus Leptolalax from central Vietnam. Leptolalax applebyi is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of body size (19.6–20.8 mm for five adult males; 21.7 mm for single adult female), uniformly smooth, dark brown dorsum lacking tubercles, dark brownish pink ventral surface with white speckling, an absence of webbing and dermal fringes on fingers, slight basal webbing and no dermal fringes on toes, and short tibia (TIB:SVL 0.466–0.480). The advertisement call of L. applebyi consists of 4–5 notes with a dominant frequency of 3962.1–4306.6 Hz, repeated at a rate of approximately 9 notes per second. All specimens were found at the headwaters of rocky streams in evergreen forest above 1300 m elevation. We suggest the species should be considered Data Deficient following IUCN’s Red List categories.
A few remarks on the proposed amendment of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature to expand and refine methods of publication
Authors: CARLOS CAIO J. , VOISIN JEAN-FRANÇOIS
Published: July 2019

The purpose of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (hereafter ‘the Code’) is to promote nomenclatural stability. If the Rules are changed every tenth year or so, Zoological Nomenclature will have to adapt each time to the new rules, which will be a source of instability. Another thing will be that the taxonomists will have to consider each time under which edition of the Code nomenclatural acts will have been done, which will unnecessarily complicate his work, and will even be a cause of mistakes. We do not think that a new Code is necessary, for the moment at least.
On the taxonomic status of the harvest mouse Micromys minutus (Rodentia: Muridae) from Vietnam
Authors: ABRAMOV ALEXEI V. , MESCHERSKY ILYA G. , ROZHNOV VIATCHESLAV V.
Published: July 2019

The taxonomic status of the harvest mouse Micromys minutus from Vietnam is re-evaluated. The mtDNA analysis shows that the harvest mice from Lao Cai Province of northern Vietnam belongs to a distinct phylogenetic lineage, previously known only from a haplotype from Chengdu, Sichuan Province, southern China (Yasuda et al. 2005). The mtDNA analysis shows a strong genetic divergence among this lineage and all the other known haplotypes of Micromys minutus (11.68% for cytochrome b gene sequences). Canonical discriminant analysis of cranial and dental data, as well as of some external characters, also separate the Vietnam – South China group (also including an Indian specimen) from other Palaearctic populations. The skull of southern populations is relatively large, with a longer and broader palatine. The dorsal pelage of the Vietnamese specimens is grey, tinged with brown in comparison with the red-brown dorsal colouration sharply contrasting with the white underside in the majority of Euro-Siberian adults. The harvest mice of the Vietnam – South China group are distinguished from the typical European ones by their rather long tail that is about 120% of the body length (82 to 95% in the Palaearctic populations). Both genetic and morphological data suggest the existence of a second Micromys species, occurring at least in North Vietnam and South China. The available name for this species is Micromys erythrotis (Blyth, 1856).
Taxonomic revision of Apteropilo Lea, 1908 (Coleoptera: Cleridae)
Authors: BARTLETT JUSTIN S.
Published: July 2019

The endemic Australian genus Apteropilo Lea is revised and Pylusopsis Elston syn. n. found to be synonymous with the former. Apteropilo is redefined herein to include two previously described species (A. pictipes Lea (= Pylusopsis peckorum Kolibáč syn. n.) and A. chrysocome (Elston) comb. n.), and four new species (A. raldae sp. n., A. humerofuscus sp. n., A. clarinotus sp. n. and A. volans sp. n.). Species are arranged into three species-groups. A dichotomous key to species is provided and the systematic position of Apteropilo within Cleridae briefly discussed.
Five new species of Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae) in Panama
Authors: PRICE ROGER D. , JOHNSON KEVIN P.
Published: July 2019

There are 23 species of Myrsidea recognized from passerine thraupid hosts. Five new species parasitic on members of this avian family are described. They and their type hosts are Myrsidea rozsai ex the Thick-billed Euphonia, Euphonia laniirostris d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, M. cruickshanki ex the Carmiol's Tanager, Chlorothraupis carmioli (Lawrence), M. patersoni ex the Grey-headed Tanager, Eucometis penicillata (Spix), M. pagei ex the Crimson-backed Tanager, Ramphocelus dimidiatus Lafresnaye, and M. valimi ex the Tawny-capped Euphonia, Euphonia anneae Cassin. The first species is placed in the bonariensis species group, while the remaining four are placed in the fusca species group. Sequences of a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene were compared to other species of Myrsidea and were highly divergent.
Conolophus marthae sp.nov. (Squamata, Iguanidae), a new species of land iguana from the Galápagos archipelago
Authors: GENTILE GABRIELE , SNELL HOWARD
Published: July 2019

Conolophus marthae sp. nov., a new species endemic to Volcan Wolf of northern Isla Isabela of the Galápagos archipelago, is described. The new species is morphologically, behaviorally, and genetically distinguished from the other two congeneric species C. subcristatus and C. pallidus. Besides the taxonomic implications, C. marthae sp. nov. is extremely important as it is the only evidence of deep divergence within the Galápagos land iguana lineage.
Type specimens, samples of live individuals and the Galapagos Pink Land Iguana
Authors: DONEGAN THOMAS M.
Published: July 2019

The nomenclatural implications of Gentile & Snell (2009)'s innovations in the designation of a type specimen - that is sampled and tagged but not killed - are discussed.  The paper also responds to Nemésio (2009)'s criticism of Donegan (2008), where I argued that descriptions based on samples of live individuals are valid.  I also discuss whether recent descriptions of such a nature involve a different degree of scientific rigour to other descriptions.
On the live holotype of the Galápagos pink land Iguana, Conolophus marthae Gentile & Snell, 2009 (Squamata: Iguanidae): is it an acceptable exception?
Authors: NEMÉSIO ANDRÉ
Published: July 2019

The Galápagos pink land iguana, Conolophus marthae Gentile & Snell, 2009 (Squamata: Iguanidae) is the latest example of a species being described without the proper deposition of a preserved onomatophore (name-bearing type specimen) in a taxonomic collection. Differently from other recent similar descriptions, the holotype of Conolophus marthae was marked with a Passive Integrated Transponder, allegedly allowing it to be tracked and found after its death, when it would be deposited at the Governmental Galápagos collection. Although apparently fulfilling the criteria of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, I here argue that this practice should not be followed and that the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature should urgently act to standardize criteria that should be met by those describing species found at the brink of extinction.
Six new eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) associated with Ficus spp. (Moraceae) from China
Authors: WANG GUOQUAN , WEI SUIGAI , YANG DING
Published: July 2019

Six new species of the family Eriophyidae associated with the plant genus Ficus (Moraceae) from southern China are described and illustrated in this paper: Colopodacus variegatae sp. nov. infesting F. variegata Bl. var. chlorocarpa (Benth.) King; C. yunnanensis sp. nov. infesting F. benjamina Linn., F. tinctoria Forst. f. var. gibbosa and F. virens Ait. var. sublanceolata (Miq.) Corner; Gammaphytoptus ficus sp. nov. infesting F. variegata Bl. var. chlorocarpa (Benth.) King; Glyptacus microcarpae sp. nov. infesting F. microcarpa Linn., F. hispida Linn., F. benjamina Linn., and F. altissima Bl.; Shevtchenkella hainanensis sp. nov. infesting F. variegata Bl. and Tegonotus hispidae sp. nov. infesting F. hispida Linn.
A revision of the endemic Hawaiian genus Thyrocopa (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae: Xyloryctinae)
Authors: MEDEIROS MATTHEW J.
Published: July 2019

The endemic Hawaiian moth genus Thyrocopa (Xyloryctidae: Xyloryctinae) is revised. Thirty-one species are recognized, including seven new species: apikia sp. n., elikapekae sp. n., kanaloa sp. n., kea sp. n., kokeensis sp. n., neckerensis sp. n., and nihoa sp. n. The following new synonymies are proposed: T. depressariella Walsingham, T. fraudulentella Walsingham, T. immutata Walsingham, T. ingeminata Walsingham, T. nubifer Walsingham, and T. pallida Walsingham as junior synonyms of T. abusa Walsingham; T. adumbrata Walsingham and T. inermis Walsingham as junior synonyms of T. alterna Walsingham; T. mediomaculata Walsingham as a junior synonym of T. apatela (Walsingham); T. phycidiformis (Walsingham) as a junior synonym of T. brevipalpis (Walsingham); T. pulverulenta Walsingham as a junior synonym of T. epicapna (Meyrick); T. argentea (Butler) and T. tessellatella Walsingham as junior synonyms of T. indecora (Butler); and T. criminosa Meyrick, T. librodes Meyrick, and T. sucosa Meyrick as junior synonyms of T. usitata (Butler). A lectotype is designated for T. megas.
The genus Orobothriurus Maury in central Argentina with description of a new species from El Nevado mountain chain in Mendoza Province (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae)
Authors: OJANGUREN-AFFILASTRO ANDRÉS ALEJANDRO , CAMPÓN FLORENCIA FERNÁNDEZ , SILNIK SUSANA LAGOS , MATTONI CAMILO IVÁN
Published: July 2019

New data on the scorpion genus Orobothriurus Maury 1976 in central Argentina are provided. Orobothriurus grismadoi n. sp. is described; this species occurs in high altitudes in El Nevado mountain chain, an isolated orographic system in Southern Mendoza, Argentina, separated by almost 200 km from the Andes Mountain chain. This species is closely related to Orobothriurus alticola (Pocock, 1899). This is the southernmost record for the genus about 300 km south from previous records. Orobothriurus bivittatus (Thorell, 1877) is synonymised with O. alticola based on material recently collected in El Tontal mountain chain. We also provide new data about the distribution and intraspecific variability of O. alticola.
Small-sized dicroglossids from India, with the description of a new species from West Bengal, India
Authors: OHLER ANNEMARIE , DEUTI KAUSHIK , GROSJEAN STÉPHANE , PAUL SUBHADIP , AYYASWAMY ANAND KUMAR , AHMED M. FIROZ , DUTTA SUSHIL K.
Published: July 2019

A new small-sized species of dicroglossid frog from West Bengal is described as Minervarya chilapata sp. nov. and compared to Minervarya sahyadris. It differs from all Fejervarya species by its smaller size, by the presence of a distinct white band on upper lip and by the presence of a rictal gland. The new species is separable from its congener in showing a more pointed snout, smaller tympanum and more developed webbing. Its advertisement call is described and compared to that of M. sahyadris. Generic allocation is discussed. In the Fejervarya lineage, a trend towards small-sized species may exist. The species allocated to Minervarya show an important morphological shift, presumably reflecting occupation of a different adaptive niche which might indicate generic distinctiveness.
Stegana ornatipes species group from the Oriental Region (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: CHENG YU , GAO JIAN-JUN , CHEN HONG-WEI
Published: July 2019

A new species group, the ornatipes group, is established within the subgenus Steganina of the genus Stegana, based on three known and seven new species, all of which are endemic to the Oriental Region: S. (S.) chitouensis Sidorenko, S. (S.) ornatipes Wheeler & Takada, S. (S.) vietnamensis Sidorenko, S. (S.) albiventralis sp. nov., S. (S.) angusigena sp. nov., S. (S.) lingnanensis sp. nov., S. (S.) mengla sp. nov., S. (S.) nulliseta sp. nov., S. (S.) pilosella sp. nov. and S. (S.) zhaofengi sp. nov. A key to all species of the group is provided.
Effects of the Affordable Care Act on Health Insurance Coverage Among Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Kwon Eunsun , Park Sojung , McBride Timothy D.
Published: July 2019

Access to insurance coverage is challenging for middle-aged adults with higher perceived insurance needs (e.g., declining health status) and higher barriers to coverage (e.g., unstable employment and income status). Focusing on middle-aged adults, this study investigated the extent to which employment, financial, and health statuses are associated with changing patterns of insurance status following implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Seven waves (2002–2014) of the Health and Retirement Study, combined with the RAND Center for the Study of Aging data, were used. Four patterns of insurance status change emerged: constantly insured, constantly uninsured, insured after ACA, and uninsured after ACA. Compared to constantly insured, other subgroups were associated with unstable employment, unskilled labor, and part-time employment. The role of public insurance might be nearly negligible for those who were in unstable employment status and needed to shift to other forms of private coverage. More attention is needed to better understand how the insurance market functions and policy changes that could improve it. There were demographic patterns in those who remained chronically uninsured: constantly low income and poor health conditions. This suggests a much-needed practical underpinning for policymaking efforts regarding this high-risk group entering old age with catastrophic health care costs.
Medical Tourism in Guatemala: Qualitatively Exploring How Existing Health System Inequities Facilitate Sector Development
Authors: Cerón Alejandro , Crooks Valorie A. , Labonté Ronald , Snyder Jeremy , Flores Walter
Published: July 2019

This article explores how existing health inequities in the Guatemalan health system facilitate the emergence of its medical tourism industry. We report on our thematic analysis of 50 key informant interviews conducted with 4 groups of stakeholders in the local medical tourism sector. Participants frequently discussed the interplay between the country’s longstanding health inequities and the promotion of medical tourism, characterized by 4 thematic viewpoints: the private health sector is already flourishing; the highly fragmented health system already faces multiple challenges; the underfunded public health sector has a weak regulatory capacity; and the commodification of health care has already advanced. Medical tourism and health inequities shape each other in low- and middle-income countries. In addition to the potential for medical tourism to exacerbate health inequities, previously existing health inequities create opportunities for the industry’s growth. Although regulation of the medical tourism industry is necessary, it needs to be implemented both at the domestic and supranational levels for it to be effective in preventing greater health inequities, and it needs to address the political and economic drivers that make health systems generate health disparities.
The Acute Effects of Whole-Body Vibration on Fencers' Special Abilities
Authors: Chang Chi-Yao , Hung Min-Hao , Ho Chin-Shan , Lin Kuo-Chuan
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this research was to study the effects of a whole-body vibration (WBV) warm-up for improving fencers' performance on variables derived from a lunge reaction test, the 10-meter sprint, and the countermovement jump. We compared fencer performances at four time intervals: (a) preintervention, (b) immediately postintervention, (c) 1-minute postintervention, and (d) 2-minute postintervention. Study participants were 16 male fencers. The vibration frequency was 30 Hz, and its amplitude was two mm. After each WBV session, participants significantly improved their performance on all measures at both one and two minutes after the intervention. Specifically, lunge reaction tests scores improved by 5.50% and 7.34%, respectively, relative to preintevention testing ( p < .01), peak power output improved by 4.94% and 11.52%, respectively ( p < .05), and maximum rate of force development improved by 13.41% and 18.38%, respectively ( p < .01). Acute WBV (frequency = 30 Hz, peak-to-peak amplitude of two mm) induced neuromuscular activation and improved lunge reaction scores, agility, and power.
The Interlinking Theorization of Management Concepts: Cohesion and Semantic Equivalence in Management Knowledge
Authors: Höllerer Markus A. , Jancsary Dennis , Barberio Vitaliano , Meyer Renate E.
Published: July 2019

This article develops the idea of ‘interlinking theorization’ in the context of management knowledge. We explain how management concepts are theorized through their direct co-occurrence with other management concepts, on the one hand, and their embeddedness in general business vocabulary, on the other. Conceptually, we extend a semantic network approach to vocabularies and suggest both cohesion between management concepts (i.e. a clustering in bundles) and their semantic equivalence (i.e. similar patterns of connectivity to general business vocabulary indicating specific types) as core dimensions of interlinking theorization. Empirically, we illustrate and further develop our conceptual model with data collected from magazines targeting management practitioners in the Austrian public sector. Our article contributes to existing literature by extending theorization to include different kinds of relationships between management concepts and focusing on direct and indirect relations across populations of management concepts as characteristics of the overall ‘architecture’ of management knowledge.
If You Criticize Us, Do It in Concrete Terms: Linguistic Abstraction as a Moderator of the Intergroup Sensitivity Effect
Authors: Moscatelli Silvia , Prati Francesca , Rubini Monica
Published: July 2019

This research examined whether linguistic abstraction in group-directed criticisms moderates the intergroup sensitivity effect. Study 1 ( N = 76) showed that criticisms coming from an out-group member and formulated in concrete terms—which imply lower generalizability and stability of the information transmitted—provoked less negative reactions compared with out-group criticisms formulated in abstract terms. Linguistic abstraction did not affect reactions to in-group criticism. In Study 2 ( N = 77), receivers of concrete criticism from an out-group representative attributed less hostile intentions and prejudice to the critic, and this mediated the impact of critic group membership and linguistic abstraction on negativity toward criticism. Participants also reported more favorable attitudes toward the out-group as a whole when out-group criticism was formulated in concrete terms. This research underlines that linguistic abstraction can facilitate or obstruct effective group communication, and has important implications for the development of communicative strategies aiming to promote social change.
‘A Walk down the Shore’: A visual geography of ordinary violence in Istanbul
Authors: Duru Asli
Published: July 2019

In this paper, I examine where violence appears and how it is made sense of in Istanbul’s everyday settings of construction and renewal. I develop a visual methodology and utilise ordinary violences as a framework to map fear and memories as extended human material. The discussion is based on a filmic iteration of audio-visual material on memories of violence interrogated through ways of doing and senses of belonging, security and use of space in Istanbul. I first discuss the differential routes to spatially exploring violence. Then, I present processes of visual research-creation in order to situate my argument on the emergent visibilities of violence. Next, I present textual layers of violence within immediate and networked settings of memory and emotions activated by Istanbul’s everyday settings. Conclusion summarises the main argument on the liminal, ‘barely visible’ geographies of ordinary violence and the role of critical visual research in projecting improbable visibilities of restricted movement, under/hyper-exposed places and muted bodies.
Authors’ Commentary: Domestic Violence Against Women, Public Policies and Community Health Workers in Brazilian Primary Health Care
Authors: Signorelli Marcos , Taft Angela , Pereira Pedro Paulo Gomes
Published: July 2019

In this commentary paper, we highlight the key role that community health workers and family health professionals can perform for the identification and care for women experiencing domestic violence in communities. These workers are part of the primary health-care strategy in the Brazilian public health system, who are available in every municipalities and neighborhoods of the country. Based on our ethnographic research, we argue that identification and care of abused women by these workers and professionals follow a pattern which we described and named “the Chinese whispers model.” We also point gaps in training these workers to deal with complex issues, such as domestic violence, arguing for the need of formal qualification for both community health workers and family health professionals by, for example, incorporating such themes into curricula, further education, and continuing professional development.
Sharing the Monopoly on Violence? Shall-Issue Concealed Handgun License Laws and Responsibilization
Authors: Steidley Trent
Published: July 2019

Although research has examined if concealed handgun licensing laws may affect crime rates by enabling gun carry in public, the determinants of these policies have received less attention. Drawing on the thesis of the new criminologies of everyday life and the more recent conceptualization of sovereign subjects, this study posits that the expansion of shall-issue concealed handgun laws in the United States is a product of low-collective security in states. Understanding that shall-issue laws reflect state efforts to responsibilize firearm carrying, shall-issue laws are more likely to become state policy when a state has lower rates of police officers and lower per capita spending on police and corrections. Results from discrete-time, event history analyses indicate that shall-issue laws are, indeed, related to reduced capacities to provide collective security, independent of competing political and social correlates. This understanding of why states adopt such gun laws appears to be unique to shall-issue laws and has little explanatory power for newer unrestricted concealed handgun laws.
The Development and Measurement of Block Construction in Early Childhood: A Review
Authors: Tian Mi , Luo Tianrui , Cheung Him
Published: July 2019

Children’s block building has long been a focus of psychological research, in part because block building skills are thought to be useful indicators of other abilities such as representational thinking. Block building skills are assumed to progress through developmental stages and a number of measures have been developed to assess these skills. In this article, we critically review the literature on two topics related to children’s block building. First, we examine the literature on developmental changes in block play with a focus on the approximate age trends for various block construction abilities. Second, we provide an overview of the scales used to assess block construction complexity such as the Block Building Measure, Building Performance Coding, and Block Structure Complexity Scoring Instrument and propose a conceptual model of the skills involved in block building. Based on this review, we recommend ways to refine existing research methods, improve scale validity, and combine different indices to establish a more comprehensive measure of children’s block construction.
A Discursive Spectrum: The Narrative of Kenya’s “Neglected” Boy Child
Authors: Pike Isabel
Published: July 2019

In this article, I examine a narrative that on the surface could be backlash to gender equality efforts: that after years of policy attention to girls, Kenya’s “boy child” has been neglected. Through a content analysis of Kenyan online newspaper texts spanning the past two decades, I chart the evolution of this discourse, finding that it was present as early as 2000, intensified around 2010, and began to produce concrete actions around 2013. I argue that the narrative is a reaction to expanded women’s rights, but not always in the sense of negative backlash. Some boy child claims-makers were indeed concerned with a decline in men’s power. However, others, mostly women, used the boy child narrative to redirect attention to issues that profoundly affect the well-being of women such as violence and the struggle to find a partner. These results point to the value of a discursive spectrum approach for analysis of potential backlash to gender equality as well as discussions around policy attention to boys and men.
Force control of an uncertain series elastic actuator system via a fuzzy sliding mode controller and a nonlinear state estimator
Authors: Moafi Seyed Ali , Najafi Farid
Published: July 2019

Nowadays, series elastic actuators play an important role in actuation technology, especially for mechatronics and robotic applications. In this article, the accurate tracking of output force for a series elastic actuator is investigated. In order to achieve this aim, a novel robust control scheme is developed to overcome friction effects, backlash in the drivetrain, measurement noises (sensor inaccuracy) and uncertainties in the dynamic model. The control scheme consists of a fuzzy sliding mode controller and a nonlinear state estimator. The theory of Lyapunov stability is used for the formulation of the proposed controller and also the fuzzy logic strategy is used for tuning the sliding surface parameter in order to achieve accurate and chattering-free performance. Furthermore, a powerful estimator algorithm, unscented H-infinity filter, is added to the control scheme to improve the robustness of the system. Simulation results, as well as experimental analysis, approved the efficiency of the proposed approach in the presence of uncertainties and disturbances.
Prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus in Colombia: data from the national health registry 2012–2016
Authors: Fernández-Ávila D G , Bernal-Macías S , Rincón-Riaño D N , Gutiérrez Dávila J M , Rosselli D
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Registries are essential to keep track of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) epidemiology and to provide better care to patients. The Colombian Ministry of Health has adopted a registry (SISPRO) to gather comprehensive information coming from the Colombian health system, which provides close to universal coverage (around 95%). The information collected from SISPRO is available for scientific analysis.

Objectives

We used data collected by SISPRO to estimate prevalence and specific characteristics of patients with SLE registered from January 2012 to December 2016.

Methods

This is a descriptive epidemiological study using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems as search terms related to SLE, based on SISPRO data. Criteria for diagnosis are not explicitly addressed in each individual case.

Results

National records report 41,804 patients with a diagnosis of SLE for an estimated prevalence of 91.9/100,000 subjects (based on a total population of 47,663,162), being more frequent in women (89% cases). When adjusted, female and male prevalences were 204.3 and 20.2 per 100,000 (ratio 10.1) with a 7.9:1 female:male ratio, and were highest in the 45–49-year age group.

Conclusions

This is the first study that describes demographic characteristics of SLE in Colombia, with useful information for decision makers. It also suggests a similar prevalence to other countries.
Science for good? The effects of education and national context on perceptions of science
Authors: Noy Shiri , O’Brien Timothy L.
Published: July 2019

Pressing environmental, social, and economic problems require interventions informed by scientific expertise yet skepticism of organized science runs high among some groups. Numerous studies show how individual-level experiences and identities translate into attitudes about science, but less is known about the contextual factors that shape these beliefs. We employ regression models using data from the International Social Survey Program and the World Development Indicators to examine how national levels of scientific activity influence public perceptions of science. Our analysis of data from 76,858 individuals in 41 countries finds that education is associated with greater appreciation of science cross-nationally. This relationship is amplified in countries with high levels of scientific activity and attenuated in countries with less scientific activity. These results underscore the importance of national context for understanding perceptions of science, and suggest that improving science attitudes requires attention to both individual and country-level factors.
Constructing Sustainable International Partnerships in Higher Education: Linking the Strategic and Contingent Through Interpersonal Relationships in the United Kingdom and China
Authors: Ma Jie , Montgomery Catherine
Published: July 2019

This article explores how sustainable international partnerships in higher education might be constructed by linking the strategic and contingent through interpersonal relationships. It aims to foreground the role of individuals in developing and sustaining international partnerships amid an increasingly strategic landscape of higher education internationalization. To present how individuals themselves make sense of their efforts in building sustainable international partnerships in higher education across different contexts, 31 semi-structured interviews were conducted with different administrative and disciplinary staff in two universities in the United Kingdom and China. Findings suggest that interpersonal relationships provide a strong basis for sustainable partnerships and it is through contingent networking between individual academics that interpersonal relationships are developed. However, it is through strategic planning by senior academics that interpersonal relationships are embedded in the institution. Hence, an approach to linking the strategic and contingent through interpersonal relationships is thus proposed to build sustainable international partnerships.
Prediction of ductile fracture for Al6016-T4 with a ductile fracture criterion: Experiment and simulation
Authors: Zhang Saijun , Lu Yanchun , Shen Zhaohui , Zhou Chi , Lou Yanshan
Published: July 2019

The key point in this paper is the prediction of the onset of ductile fracture with a newly proposed ductile fracture criterion in various stress state ranging from shear to uniaxial tension. A series of tension tests with different material orientations are carried out up to fracture. The anisotropic Drucker yield function with an isotropic hardening law is identified to describe the elastic–plastic behaviors of Al6016-T4 aluminum alloy. The uncoupled ductile fracture criterion is calibrated and then utilized to construct the fracture locus of Al6016-T4, which is implemented into the ABAQUS/Explicit to validate the prediction of ductile fracture criterion by comparing experimental results to numerical ones. The validation demonstrates that the ductile fracture criterion can accurately predict the onset of ductile fracture for Al6016-T4 in medium stress triaxiality ranging from 0.1 to 0.44 where most ductile fracture occurs in sheet metal forming.
Safety analysis of existing masonry arch bridges by nonlinear finite element simulations
Authors: Franck Stephanie A , Bretschneider Nick , Slowik Volker
Published: July 2019

In order to simulate the specific load-carrying behavior of masonry arch bridges, nonlinear finite element analyses may be carried out. To that end, an associated analysis concept is proposed in this paper. The applied smeared crack model allows one to realistically reproduce characteristic damage patterns observed at existing bridge structures of this type. By using the proposed analysis concept, load-bearing reserves may be revealed and possible causes for existing damage may be identified. The concept includes appropriate failure criteria and corresponding safety margins. The latter approximately conform to valid design codes, but also account for the specifics of nonlinear analyses. In parametric studies, the objectivity of the analysis results and influences of different material parameters on the load-bearing behavior were investigated. Furthermore, two examples of the safety evaluation of existing masonry arch bridges are presented. In both cases, observed damage patterns could be reproduced in the numerical simulations. Destructive load tests at a disused bridge provided an additional opportunity to validate the proposed analysis concept.
Crack face sliding displacement (CSD) as an input in exact GLOB-LOC expressions for in-plane elastic constants of symmetric damaged laminates
Authors: Loukil Mohamed Sahbi , Varna Janis
Published: July 2019

The crack opening and crack sliding displacements of both faces of an intralaminar crack are the main parameters defining the significance of each crack in laminate stiffness degradation, according to the previously published GLOB-LOC approach for symmetric laminates with an arbitrary number of cracks in all plies. In the exact stiffness expressions of this approach, the crack density is always multiplied by crack opening displacement and crack sliding displacement. The dependence of crack opening displacement on geometrical and elastic parameters of adjacent plies was studied previously and described by simple fitting functions. The crack sliding displacement has been analyzed for low-crack densities only and the proposed finite element method-based fitting expressions are oversimplified not including the out-of-plane ply stiffness effects. Based on finite element method analysis, more accurate expressions for so-called non-interactive cracks are suggested in the presented article. For the first time the shear stress perturbations are analyzed and interaction functions are presented with the feature that they always lead to slightly conservative predictions. The presented simple fitting functions, when used in the GLOB-LOC model, give predictions that are in a good agreement with finite element method results and with experimental data for laminates with damaged off-axis plies in cases when crack face sliding is of importance. The significance of including crack sliding displacement in stiffness predictions is demonstrated.
“Call for Help Immediately”: A Discourse Analysis of Resident Assistants’ Responses to Sexual Assault Disclosures
Authors: Holland Kathryn J. , Bedera Nicole
Published: July 2019

Formal support providers can play a critical role in sexual assault survivors’ well-being (e.g., providing resource referrals). In a university setting, resident assistants (RAs) are key support providers with a unique relationship to survivors based on their dual roles as help-provider and peer. We examined 305 RAs’ responses to student sexual assault disclosure scenarios. Employing a critical discourse analysis, we identified four discourses used by RAs in their discussion of resources: controlling, gatekeeping, minimizing, and empowering. Due to power dynamics between RAs and residents, we conclude that empowering discourses would facilitate survivors’ access to other resources (e.g., sexual assault center).
Effect of arbitrary entrainment angle in elastohydrodynamic lubrication elliptical and circular contacts
Authors: Katyal Puneet , Kumar Punit
Published: July 2019

Conventional elastohydrodynamic lubrication models assume parallel surface velocities such as in cam-follower and ball bearing systems. However, many important machine elements like hypoid gear and spiral bevel, the sliding and entrainment velocities are along different directions that could possibly influence the elastohydrodynamic lubrication performance characteristics significantly. For such complex conditions, the existing film thickness formulae and shear-thinning correction factors available in the literature are not suitable. Therefore, this paper investigates the effect of arbitrarily oriented surface velocity vectors on elastohydrodynamic lubrication characteristics considering realistic rheological models and experimentally established viscosity–pressure and compressibility laws. The Reynolds equation employed herein includes the surface velocity components along both the reference axes in the plane of contact. The elastohydrodynamic lubrication film thickness is found to deviate up to a maximum of 61% with respect to its conventional value. This deviation in film thickness behavior is shown to be a function of ellipticity and shear-thinning parameters.
Adiabatic analysis of microtextured porous journal bearings functioned with power law fluid model
Authors: Sharma N , Kango S , Sharma RK
Published: July 2019

The present work contributes to a pragmatic approach for improving the performance of porous journal bearings by incorporating different textures. The textures in the form of micro dimples (spherical (Sph) and ellipsoidal (Eps)) were incorporated on the bearing surface, whereas power law fluid was employed as working lubricant of non-Newtonian nature. The permeability effect has been considered through Darcy’s equation to derive a modified Reynolds equation. To account for the temperature parameter, the modified energy equation has also been derived for adiabatic conditions and solved numerically. The presence of textures and lubricant rheology influences the load-carrying capacity, coefficient of friction, attitude angle, axial fluid flow, and average temperature of porous journal bearings.