bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Active Green Wall Systems for both Saving Energy and Improving Indoor Air Quality in Classrooms
Authors: Taemthong Wannawit , Plitsiri Itthi
Published: April 2023

University classrooms in Thailand normally use air conditioners to enhance thermal comfort for building occupants. Classrooms with many students are often found to exceed standard concentration levels of carbon dioxide (CO2). This research aims to study the benefits of active green wall systems in two aspects. They are energy consumption and the ability to reduce CO2 of plants. The green walls in this research are divided into two systems, which are active green wall (AGW) and passive green wall (PGW). The experiments took place in an air-conditioned classroom with ten occupants. The room temperature was set at 25 °C for all experiments. The data collected for all experiments are CO2, temperature, and energy consumption. The results showed that two active green wall panels with a single plant of Epipremnum aureum is the optimal model for improving air quality in classrooms, when compared to other experiments. It can reduce the CO2 concentration by 35% and use less energy than the no green wall experiment at 26%.
Gutachterliche Probleme bei der Beurteilung COVID-assoziierter Psychosen
Authors: Soyka Michael
Published: April 2023

Diskutiert wird der Fall eines 41-jährigen Piloten ohne relevante psychiatrische Vorgeschichte, der im Kontext einer gesicherten COVID-Infektion mit Kopfschmerzen, Müdigkeit und Antriebsbarmut zeitgleich eine ängstlich-paranoide Symptomatik mit Verfolgungs- und Beziehungsideen entwickelte, die über mehrere Wochen persistierte und unter Neuroleptikamedikation vollständig remittierte. Er blieb nach dem Absetzen der Medikation symptomfrei. Die Differenzialdiagnose einer polymorphen psychotischen Störung wurde im Verlauf in die Diagnose einer organischen wahnhaften Störung geändert. Neurostatus, CCT, Liquor und EEG waren unauffällig. Die diagnostische Einordnung des Störungsbildes hat für die Beurteilung der Berufsfähigkeit des Probanden große Bedeutung. Differenzialdiagnostische Aspekte werden diskutiert.
Vergleich zweier Techniken der Umbilikoplastik bei 72 Patientinnen
nach Brustrekonstruktion mit freier DIEP-Lappenplastik
Authors: Alawadi Mai , Lohmeyer Jörn Andreas , Wittig Klaus Stephan , Bergmann Philipp Alexander , Shahmiri-Zimmermann Shanly , Keck Maike
Published: April 2023

Einleitung Das Erscheinungsbild des Bauchnabels nach DIEP-Lappenplastik
oder Abdominoplastik spielt eine wesentliche Rolle bei der ästhetischen
Wahrnehmung (1). Obgleich der Nabel keine Funktion hat, besteht kein Zweifel an
der Bedeutung, die die Nabelform für das Selbstwertgefühl der
Patientinnen gerade nach einer Brustkrebserkrankung hat (2). In der vorliegenden
Studie haben wir zwei der bevorzugten in der Literatur beschriebenen Techniken
an 72 Patientinnen hinsichtlich des ästhetischen Ergebnisses, der
Komplikationen und der Sensibilität verglichen: das kaudale
Läppchen (kuppelförmige Form) und die querovale Form des
Nabels.

Patienten und Methode Zweiundsiebzig Patientinnen, die zwischen Januar
2016 und Juli 2018 eine DIEP-Lappenplastik zur Brustrekonstruktion erhielten,
wurden in dieser Studie retrospektiv erfasst. Es wurden zwei Techniken zur
Nabelrekonstruktion verglichen: die querovale Nabelform und die Umbilikoplastik
unter Verwendung eines kaudalen Läppchens, welche in einer
kuppelförmigen Form des Bauchnabels resultiert. Um die
ästhetischen Ergebnisse zu vergleichen, wurde eine Evaluation durch die
Patientinnen und eine Bewertung durch drei unabhängige Plastische
Chirurg*innen mindestens 6 Monate postoperativ durchgeführt.
Patientinnen und Chirurg*innen wurden gebeten, das allgemeine
Erscheinungsbild des Nabels, einschließlich der Narbenbildung und der
Form, mit einer Punktzahl zwischen 1 und 6 zu bewerten (1=Sehr gut,
2=gut, 3=befriedigend, 4=ausreichend,
5=mangelhaft, 6=ungenügend). Des Weiteren wurde die
Sensibilität des Nabels durch Befragung der Patientinnen und das
Auftreten von Wundheilungsstörungen untersucht.

Ergebnisse Beide Techniken zeigten ähnliche Werte der
ästhetischen Zufriedenheit (p=0,49) im Rahmen der
Selbsteinschätzung durch die Patientinnen. Die Plastischen
Chirurg*innen bewerteten die Technik mit kaudalem Läppchen als
signifikant besser gegenüber der Nabelplastik mit querovaler Form
(p=0,042). Beim kaudalen Läppchen traten mehr
Wundheilungsstörungen auf (11,1%) im Vergleich zum querovalen
Nabel. Dies war jedoch nicht signifikant (p=0,16). Eine operative
Revision war nicht erforderlich. Beim Nabel mit kaudalem Läppchen zeigte
sich eine Tendenz zur Verbesserung der Sensibilität (60%
gegenüber 45%), die jedoch nicht signifikant war
(p=0,19).

Schlussfolgerung Die Patientenzufriedenheit zeigte ähnliche
Ergebnisse für die beiden Methoden der Umbilikoplastik. Beide Techniken
wurden im Durchschnitt mit einem guten Ergebnis bewertet. Andererseits
bewerteten die Chirurg*innen die Umbilikoplastik mit kaudalem
Läppchen als ästhetisch ansprechender.
Nutzung und Bewertung von Verhütungsinformationen in Sozialen Medien: Eine Interviewstudie mit Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen
Authors: Döring Nicola , Lehmann Stephan
Published: April 2023

Einleitung Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene beziehen Informationen über Methoden der Schwangerschafts- bzw. Zeugungsverhütung heute oft aus dem Internet und insbesondere aus Sozialen Medien wie YouTube, Instagram oder TikTok.

Forschungsziele Bislang ist jedoch kaum untersucht worden, wie diese Nutzung von Social-Media-Verhütungsinformationen bei jungen Menschen im Einzelnen beschaffen ist (Forschungsfrage 1). Unklar ist auch, wie junge Menschen verhütungsbezogene Beiträge (F2) und zugehörige Publikumskommentare (F3) bewerten und welche Anforderungen sie an eine gute Verhütungsaufklärung in Sozialen Medien stellen (F4).

Methoden Zur Beantwortung dieser vier Forschungsfragen wurde im Jahr 2022 eine präregistrierte qualitative Interviewstudie durchgeführt. Dabei wurde eine Stichprobe von N = 12 cisgeschlechtlichen heterosexuellen Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen (17 bis 25 Jahre, 50 % weiblich und 50 % männlich) im Zuge von Leitfaden-Interviews (durchschnittliche Dauer: 39 Minuten) befragt. Die Interviews wurden vollständig transkribiert und mit der qualitativen Datenanalyse-Software MAXQDA codiert.

Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich, dass die Befragten in Sozialen Medien kaum gezielt nach Verhütungsinformationen suchten, sondern diese hauptsächlich im Push-Modus zugespielt bekamen, was dann aber zu weiterer Informationssuche anregen konnte (F1). Die Befragten bewerteten Verhütungsbeiträge in Sozialen Medien vor allem dann positiv, wenn diese von Fachleuten stammten und eine hohe Informationsqualität aufwiesen (F2). Die Publikumskommentare zu den Verhütungsbeiträgen wurden als interessant und relevant eingestuft, allerdings ließen sich die Befragten nach eigenen Angaben durch diese kaum in ihren verhütungsbezogenen Einstellungen beeinflussen (F3). Als ideale Verhütungsaufklärung in Sozialen Medien wünschten sich die Befragten zielgruppengerecht aufgearbeitete Erklärvideos von Fachleuten, die verschiedene Verhütungsmethoden vergleichen und in die auch authentische positive wie negative Erfahrungsberichte von Peers integriert sind (F4).

Schlussfolgerung Aus den Befunden ergibt sich der Bedarf, Verhütungsaufklärung entsprechend der dargelegten Anforderungen in Sozialen Medien bereitzustellen. Auch sollte ein kritisch-konstruktiver Umgang mit Social-Media-Verhütungsinformationen in sexualpädagogischen Maßnahmen aufgegriffen werden.
Intracranial Aneurysm “Clip Anchoring”: Technical Note
Authors: Bervini David , Zhang David , Goldberg Johannes , Raabe Andreas
Published: April 2023

Clip slippage and displacement during or after intracranial aneurysm surgery is associated with morbidity and can be detrimental. We report the usage of concomitant aneurysm clips and artery clips aiming to avoid this complication in a patient undergoing elective aneurysm surgical clipping.
The Limits of Evidence in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Gassner Holger G. , Ordonez Francisco , Nunes Rita
Published: April 2023

The broad trend toward minimally invasive methods in most surgical fields is contrasted by rhinoplasty: Extended open approaches, an increasing number of grafting techniques, donor site depletion, and extensive osteotomies seem to indicate a trend away from minimally invasive methodology for this particular procedure. This article intends to analyze which factors are involved in this and related developments in rhinoplasty.

Evidence-based methodology sets the standards for scientific analysis. For rhinoplasty, however, limitations of established scientific methodology are identified. These include the relative lack of objective outcome measures and the impact of various systematic biases on reported results. These biases include operator dependence, interdependence of techniques, biased selection of outcome parameters, and orthodox treatment bias. Upon critical review, the importance of systematic biases may outweigh the impact of evidence-based study in rhinoplasty. Results should therefore be interpreted with caution. Strategies are suggested to identify and mitigate the impact of biases and to improve reporting and outcome analyses in rhinoplasty.
HSK 2023: Gesundheitssystem an der Grenze
Authors: Dorner Carola
Published: April 2023

Steigende Energiekosten, künstliche Intelligenz in der Medizin, Personalisierte Medikamentenentwicklung. Die Themen beim Hauptstadtkongress in Berlin sind so vielfältig wie die Herausforderungen. Ein Blick auf mögliche Lösungen mit Kongresspräsident Karl Max Einhäupl.
Editorial: Ab in die digitale Zukunft
Authors: Herrschelmann Anna
Published: April 2023

Endlich befindet sich das deutsche Gesundheitswesen auf der Digitalisierungsautobahn, oder zumindest auf dem Zubringer dorthin. Die enormen Summen aus dem Förderprogramm des Krankenhauszukunftsgesetzes (KHZG) haben ordentlich Schwung in die digitale Transformation der Krankenhäuser gebracht.
KIS-Zukunft: Die Revolution hat längst begonnen
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: April 2023

Neue Technologien, stärkere Vernetzung und die geplante Krankenhausreform stellen die etablierten KIS-Hersteller vor große Herausforderungen. KIS werden in den nächsten Jahren einen radikalen Wandel durchlaufen, die alleinige Kontrolle über die medizinischen Daten ist vorbei. Die Zukunft liegt in der Cloud und ist interoperabel. Zudem werden KIS nur eines unter vielen Health-IT-Systemen sein. Es ist offen, ob alle Hersteller den Kraftakt überleben werden. Und am Horizont lauert mit Epic ein neuer Konkurrent.
Ende von IS-H: „Orbis U kann die entstandene Lücke schließen“
Authors: Herrschelmann Anna
Published: April 2023

SAP macht Ende 2027 Schluss mit IS-H, einer Branchenlösung mit Funktionalitäten für das Patienten- und Abrechnungsmanagement. Die Nachfolge sollen S/4HANA-kompatible, cloudbasierte Systeme antreten. Viele Kliniken suchen nun Nachfolgelösungen. kma sprach mit Dedalus Chief Clinical and Product Officer Dr. Michael Dahlweid zur Situation und Alternativen.
Telematikinfrastruktur 2.0: Hardware-Konnektoren adé
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: April 2023

Die gematik hat mit der Telematikinfrastruktur (TI) 2.0 eine neue Architektur für die digitale Kommunikation im deutschen Gesundheitswesen entworfen. Wie es mit den Konnektoren weitergeht und wie TI-Dienste künftig genutzt werden.
Vorbild Dänemark: Qualität vor lokaler Nähe
Authors: Engberg Anna
Published: April 2023

Unter dem Namen „Danish Super Hospital Programme“ investiert Dänemark seit 2007 rund sieben Milliarden Euro in 16 neue Krankenhaus-Standorte. Martin Nyrop Holgersen vom dänischen Gesundheitsministerium erklärt, was es mit der Zentralisierung des dortigen Gesundheitswesens auf sich hat.
Schutzschirmverfahren: Probates Verfahren zur geregelten Kliniksanierung
Authors: Knipper Lars
Published: April 2023

Viele Krankenhäuser haben derzeit mit der Thematik der Kosten-Erlös-Schere zu kämpfen. Ihnen drohen erhebliche Liquiditätsprobleme, die ohne zusätzliche Gelder und Maßnahmen zu einer Insolvenz des Krankenhauses führen können. Das sogenannte Schutzschirmverfahren erlaubt eine geregelte Sanierung, bevor es zur Zahlungsunfähigkeit des Hauses kommt.
Kliniken Köln: Gegen die Finanznot hilft nur eine Zentralisierung
Authors: Rößing Sabine
Published: April 2023

Lange hat die Stadt Köln zugesehen, wie die Verluste bei den Kliniken Köln stiegen. Entscheidende Strukturreformen blieben im politischen Gezerre stecken, die Entscheidung über eine Fusion mit dem Uniklinikum kommt nicht vom Fleck. Jetzt soll ein Zukunftskonzept her.
Intelligente Medizinprodukte: Prothesen lernen nie aus
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: April 2023

Wissenschaftler der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg arbeiten an einem Verfahren, das mit maschinellem Lernen die Steuerung von Prothesen verbessern soll. Wir haben mit ihnen über die Hintergründe und die zukünftige Entwicklung von Prothesensteuerungen gesprochen.
Lichtblick: Lachen ist die beste Medizin
Authors: Hohnstein Aileen
Published: April 2023

Dieser Artikel ist nur als PDF-Dokument verfügbar.
Soliton trains induced by femtosecond laser filamentations in transparent materials with saturable nonlinearity
Authors: Moïse Dikandé Alain
Published: April 2023

Femtosecond laser inscriptions in optical media current offer the most reliable optical technology for processing of transparent materials, among which is the laser micromachining technology. In this process, the nonlinearity of the transparent medium can be either intrinsic or induced by multiphoton ionization processes. In this work, a generic model is proposed to describe the dynamics of femtosecond laser inscription in transparent materials characterized by a saturable nonlinearity. The model takes into account multiphoton ionization processes that can induce an electron plasma of inhomogeneous density and electron diffusions. The mathematical model is represented by a one-dimensional complex Ginzburg–Landau equation with a generalized saturable nonlinearity term in addition to the residual nonlinearity related to multiphoton ionization processes, coupled to a rate equation for time evolution of the electron plasma density. Dynamical properties of the model are investigated focusing on the nonlinear regime, where the model equations are transformed into a set of coupled first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which are solved numerically with the help of a sixth-order Runge–Kutta algorithm with a fixed time step. Simulations reveal that upon propagation, spatiotemporal profiles of the optical field and of the plasma density are periodic pulse trains, the repetition rates and amplitudes of which are increased with an increase of both the multiphoton ionization order and the saturable nonlinearity. When electron diffusions are taken into account, the system dynamics remains qualitatively unchanged; however, the electron plasma density gets strongly depleted, leaving almost unchanged the amplitude of pulses composing the femtosecond laser soliton crystals.
Imaginary-time correlation function thermometry: A new, high-accuracy and model-free temperature analysis technique for x-ray Thomson scattering data
Authors: Dornheim Tobias , Böhme Maximilian P. , Chapman David A. , Kraus Dominik , Preston Thomas R. , Moldabekov Zhandos A. , Schlünzen Niclas , Cangi Attila , Döppner Tilo , Vorberger Jan
Published: April 2023

The accurate interpretation of experiments with matter at extreme densities and pressures is a notoriously difficult challenge. In a recent work [Dornheim et al., Nat. Commun. 13, 7911 (2022)], we have introduced a formally exact methodology that allows extracting the temperature of arbitrary complex materials without any model assumptions or simulations. Here, we provide a more detailed introduction to this approach and analyze the impact of experimental noise on the extracted temperatures. In particular, we extensively apply our method both to synthetic scattering data and to previous experimental measurements over a broad range of temperatures and wave numbers. We expect that our approach will be of high interest to a gamut of applications, including inertial confinement fusion, laboratory astrophysics, and the compilation of highly accurate equation-of-state databases.
Data-driven depth-averaged current prediction methods for underwater gliders with sailing parameters
Authors: Feng Yingbin , Guo Xiaozun , Zhou Yaojian
Published: April 2023

The study of depth-averaged currents is of great significance for the application of underwater gliders. In order to solve the problem of low prediction accuracy of the time series-based depth-averaged current prediction method, the factors affecting the prediction of depth-averaged currents are analyzed and a data-driven prediction method for depth-averaged currents of an underwater glider with sailing parameters is proposed in this paper. First, depth-averaged currents of the underwater glider’s historical profile period and navigation parameters of the underwater glider are taken as inputs to construct multi-input and double-output characteristics. Then, based on the two sets of the real sea trial data and two groups of the generic set of evaluation criteria, five different data-driven methods are used to predict depth-averaged currents. Experimental results show that the prediction result of depth-averaged currents of an underwater glider driven by data with sailing parameters is better than that based on time series, and the prediction accuracy of depth-averaged currents of a future profile period is improved.
Raman spectroscopy study of CdS nanorods and strain induced by the adsorption of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid
Authors: Prakash Om , Umapathy Siva
Published: April 2023

In this study, near- and off-resonance Raman spectra of cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum rods (NRs) and 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) adsorbed CdS NRs are reported. The envelopes of characteristic optical phonon modes in the near-resonance Raman spectrum of CdS NRs are deconvoluted by following the phonon confinement model. As compared with off-resonant Raman spectra, optical phonon modes scattering cross section is amplified significantly in near-resonance Raman spectra through the Fröhlich interaction. The Huang–Rhys factor defining the strength of the Fröhlich interaction is estimated (∼0.468). Moreover, the adsorption of different concentrations of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) onto CdS NRs produces surface strain in CdS NRs originating due to surface reconstruction and consequently blue and red shifts in off-resonance (514.5 nm) Raman spectra depending on the concentration of 4-MBA. These consequences are attributed to compressive and tensile strains, respectively. Relative to bulk CdS powder as the reference, strain in CdS NRs increases with decreasing 4-MBA concentrations. In off-resonance Raman spectra of 4-MBA adsorbed CdS NRs, the full width at half maxima of phonon modes (1-LO and 2-LO) and intensity ratio I2-LO/I1-LO increase with decreasing 4-MBA concentration.
Numerical investigation of aerodynamic performance of an axial fan blade equipped with vortex generators
Authors: Shekaridahaj Morteza , Mirza Fatemeh Karbalei , Farhanieh Bijan
Published: April 2023

Delay in the onset of static stall via passive vortex generators (VGs) results in more efficient equipment. Nevertheless, most studies of VGs are conducted on wind turbine blades rather than other turbomachinery devices like axial fan blades. This study is feasibility research to see whether the aerodynamic performance of axial fan blades improves in the presence of VGs. Therefore, the VGs' effect of a static blade with an elliptical profile having a maximum thickness of 8% chord length and without a twist angle is investigated. Fully resolved RANS (Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes) simulation with the shear stress transport k–ω turbulence model at Re = 1 × 105 is used to discover the blade flow characteristics with VGs for two types of fan, eight and twelve blades. It is shown that, in both fans, not only can implementing VGs improve the aerodynamic performance of the blade effectively but also the separation phenomenon is delayed. Furthermore, it is concluded that installing VGs performed better in the 8-blade fan, with up to a 3° separation delay, a 9.88% increase in the maximum lift coefficient, and a 48.15% decrease in the maximum drag coefficient with respect to the clean blade. Analyzing the aerodynamic performance of real axial fans considering rotary blades with twist angles equipped with VGs will be feasible in future research.
Synchrotron radiography of Richtmyer–Meshkov instability driven by exploding wire arrays
Authors: Strucka J. , Lukic B. , Koerner M. , Halliday J. W. D. , Yao Y. , Mughal K. , Maler D. , Efimov S. , Skidmore J. , Rack A. , Krasik Y. , Chittenden J. , Bland S. N.
Published: April 2023

We present a new technique for the investigation of shock-driven hydrodynamic phenomena in gases, liquids, and solids in arbitrary geometries. The technique consists of a pulsed power-driven resistive wire array explosion in combination with multi-MHz synchrotron radiography. Compared to commonly used techniques, it offers multiple advantages: (1) the shockwave geometry can be shaped to the requirements of the experiment, (2) the pressure (P > 300 MPa) generated by the exploding wires enables the use of liquid and solid hydrodynamic targets with well-characterized initial conditions (ICs), (3) the multi-MHz radiography enables data acquisition to occur within a single experiment, eliminating uncertainties regarding repeatability of the ICs and subsequent dynamics, and (4) the radiographic measurements enable estimation of compression ratios from the x-ray attenuation. In addition, the use of a synchrotron x-ray source allows the hydrodynamic samples to be volumetrically characterized at a high spatial resolution with synchrotron-based microtomography. This experimental technique is demonstrated by performing a planar Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI) experiment on an aerogel–water interface characterized by Atwood number A0∼−0.8 and Mach number M∼1.5. The qualitative and quantitative features of the experiment are discussed, including the energy deposition into the exploding wires, shockwave generation, compression of the interface, startup phase of the instability, and asymptotic growth consistent with Richtmyer's impulsive theory. Additional effects unique to liquids and solids—such as cavitation bubbles caused by rarefaction flows or initial jetting due to small perturbations—are observed. It is also demonstrated that the technique is not shape dependent by driving a cylindrically convergent RMI experiment.
Gate dielectric layer mitigated device degradation of AlGaN/GaN-based devices under proton irradiation
Authors: Jiang Lilai , Song Chengzhen , Wu Yu-Ning , Chen Shiyou
Published: April 2023

In this study, the simulations of AlGaN/GaN-based devices, including AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT), Al2O3 metal–oxide–semiconductor high electron mobility transistor (MOSHEMT), and SiNx metal–insulator–semiconductor high electron mobility transistor (MISHEMT), were studied to investigate the degradation mechanism after proton irradiation. The vacancies produced by proton irradiation, especially Ga vacancy (VGa), are found to be responsible for the device degradation by carrier removal and mobility degradation, which directly influence the saturation drain current and maximum transconductance of AlGaN/GaN-based devices. Furthermore, AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with gate dielectrics (Al2O3, SiNx) exhibit better irradiation resistance than traditional AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, which produce fewer vacancies at the channel after proton irradiation. Al2O3 MOSHEMTs also show better performance than SiNx MISHEMTs in resisting proton damage. Therefore, a high-quality dielectric layer is a key factor to improve the reliability of AlGaN/GaN-based devices after proton irradiation.
Genetic relationships among yearling fertility, body composition and weight traits in tropically adapted composite cattle
Authors: Facy M. L. , Hebart M. L. , Oakey H. , McEwin R. A. , Pitchford W. S.
Published: April 2023

Context Reproduction is an economically important trait in both males and females; however, the relationships between fertility and body composition traits are little researched, but essential to breeding programs, as they will help inform selection decisions and allow the greatest opportunity for genetic gain. Aims Estimate genetic and phenotypic correlations between male and female yearling fertility traits and investigate their relationship with yearling body composition traits, which have an effect on the attainment of puberty. Methods Genotype and phenotype data were obtained from a tropical composite commercial cattle population and imputed to 27 638 single nucleotide polymorphisms. A series of univariate and bivariate linear mixed models using a genomic relationship matrix were run to estimate genetic parameters, genetic and phenotypic correlations for a series of male and female fertility and body composition traits. These parameters were then compared to help understand the genetic relationships. Key results Scrotal circumference was favourably genetically correlated with weight (0.34), fat traits (0.06–0.24), muscle (0.24) and heifer days to calving (−0.32). Heifer days to calving was favourably correlated with muscle (−0.18) but not fat traits (0.11 to 0.21). The genetic correlations between heifer days to calving and sperm morphology traits were generally unfavourable (−0.32 to 0.25). Sperm morphology traits were favourably genetically correlated with fat traits (−0.84 to 0.31) and muscle (−0.61 to 0.31) but not weight (−0.15 to 0.09). Conclusions and implications Yearling sperm morphology traits were unfavourably correlated with heifer days to calving, indicating that they are not good candidates for indirect selection on improving female fertility in the herd. A different trend was found for yearling scrotal circumference and heifer days to calving, identifying it as a good candidate for indirect selection of heifer fertility as it is easy to measure and heritable. The genetic correlations estimated between composition traits with male and female fertility traits allow breeding programs to make an informed selection decision to optimise genetic gain across all traits.
Steric pressure between glycosylated transmembrane proteins inhibits internalization by endocytosis
Authors: Gollapudi Sadhana , Jamal Sabah , Kamatar Advika , Yuan Feng , Wang Liping , Lafer Eileen M. , Belardi Brian , Stachowiak Jeanne C.
Published: April 2023

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is essential for the removal of transmembrane proteins from the plasma membrane in all eukaryotic cells. Many transmembrane proteins are glycosylated. These proteins collectively comprise the glycocalyx, a sugar-rich layer at the cell surface, which is responsible for intercellular adhesion and recognition. Previous work has suggested that glycosylation of transmembrane proteins reduces their removal from the plasma membrane by endocytosis. However, the mechanism responsible for this effect remains unknown. To study the impact of glycosylation on endocytosis, we replaced the ectodomain of the transferrin receptor, a well-studied transmembrane protein that undergoes clathrin-mediated endocytosis, with the ectodomain of MUC1, which is highly glycosylated. When we expressed this transmembrane fusion protein in mammalian epithelial cells, we found that its recruitment to endocytic structures was substantially reduced in comparison to a version of the protein that lacked the MUC1 ectodomain. This reduction could not be explained by a loss of mobility on the cell surface or changes in endocytic dynamics. Instead, we found that the bulky MUC1 ectodomain presented a steric barrier to endocytosis. Specifically, the peptide backbone of the ectodomain and its glycosylation each made steric contributions, which drove comparable reductions in endocytosis. These results suggest that glycosylation constitutes a biophysical signal for retention of transmembrane proteins at the plasma membrane. This mechanism could be modulated in multiple disease states that exploit the glycocalyx, from cancer to atherosclerosis.
Noninvasive modulation of human corticostriatal activity
Authors: Caballero-Insaurriaga Jaime , Pineda-Pardo José A. , Obeso Ignacio , Oliviero Antonio , Foffani Guglielmo
Published: April 2023

Corticostriatal activity is an appealing target for nonpharmacological treatments of brain disorders. In humans, corticostriatal activity may be modulated with noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS). However, a NIBS protocol with a sound neuroimaging measure demonstrating a change in corticostriatal activity is currently lacking. Here, we combine transcranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS) with resting-state functional MRI (fMRI). We first present and validate the ISAAC analysis, a well-principled framework that disambiguates functional connectivity between regions from local activity within regions. All measures of the framework suggested that the region along the medial cortex displaying greater functional connectivity with the striatum is the supplementary motor area (SMA), where we applied tSMS. We then use a data-driven version of the framework to show that tSMS of the SMA modulates the local activity in the SMA proper, in the adjacent sensorimotor cortex, and in the motor striatum. We finally use a model-driven version of the framework to clarify that the tSMS-induced modulation of striatal activity can be primarily explained by a change in the shared activity between the modulated motor cortical areas and the motor striatum. These results suggest that corticostriatal activity can be targeted, monitored, and modulated noninvasively in humans.
A socio-pragmatic analysis of the Turkish discourse markers of ‘şey’, ‘yani’, and ‘işte’ based on educational level of
speakers
Authors: Altıparmak Ayşe
Published: April 2023

This paper analyzes the influence of the educational level of speakers on speakers’ preferences of the Turkish
discourse markers (DMs) şey ‘uh’, yani ‘I mean’, and işte ‘you know’. 56 participants from age groups 33–50 and over 50 participated in
the study. Speech data from each participant in two speech corpora (planned vs. spontaneous) were gathered via face-to-face
interviews. Although various trends have been observed in two speech conditions in terms of the educational level of the speakers
in the current data, the frequency rates of these markers were mostly higher in the speech of (especially male) participants with
a lower educational level, compared to those of participants with a higher educational level. Educational-level related
differences were also observed in further analyses of the functions of the three DMs under focus.
Caught in Europe’s net: ecological destruction and Senegalese migration to Spain
Authors: Chen-Zion Noam
Published: April 2023

Since the beginning of the 21st century, Europe has seen a substantial increase in undocumented economic migration from West Africa. Dominant public discourse on this migration wave fails to identify its underlying drivers. This article analyses contemporary migration within the structure of modern imperialism, demonstrating how European extraction of wealth and resources from West Africa fosters migration. Imperial expropriation is made concrete through a case study of Senegalese fishers now living in Badalona, Spain. Drawing on their life histories and situating their trajectories within the broader context of Senegalese economic history, this article argues that they were pushed to migrate largely due to industrial fishing fleets draining West African marine life. In Spain, a regime of illegality has coerced these Senegalese fishers into highly exploitative sectors, to the tremendous benefit of Spanish capital. Their ceaseless struggle to work under such violent conditions can only be explained by the need to sustain their impoverished families in Senegal.
Mechanosensitive channel MscS is critical for termination of the bacterial hypoosmotic permeability response
Authors: Moller Elissa , Britt Madolyn , Schams Anthony , Cetuk Hannah , Anishkin Andriy , Sukharev Sergei
Published: April 2023

Free-living microorganisms are subjected to drastic changes in osmolarity. To avoid lysis under sudden osmotic down-shock, bacteria quickly expel small metabolites through the tension-activated channels MscL, MscS, and MscK. We examined five chromosomal knockout strains, ∆mscL, ∆mscS, a double knockout ∆mscS ∆mscK, and a triple knockout ∆mscL ∆mscS ∆mscK, in comparison to the wild-type parental strain. Stopped-flow experiments confirmed that both MscS and MscL mediate fast osmolyte release and curb cell swelling, but osmotic viability assays indicated that they are not equivalent. MscS alone was capable of rescuing the cell population, but in some strains, MscL did not rescue and additionally became toxic in the absence of both MscS and MscK. Furthermore, MscS was upregulated in the ∆mscL strain, suggesting either a crosstalk between the two genes/proteins or the influence of cell mechanics on mscS expression. The data shows that for the proper termination of the permeability response, the high-threshold (MscL) and the low-threshold (MscS/MscK) channels must act sequentially. In the absence of low-threshold channels, at the end of the release phase, MscL should stabilize membrane tension at around 10 mN/m. Patch-clamp protocols emulating the tension changes during the release phase indicated that the non-inactivating MscL, residing at its own tension threshold, flickers and produces a protracted leakage. The MscS/MscK population, when present, stays open at this stage to reduce tension below the MscL threshold and silence the large channel. When MscS reaches its own threshold, it inactivates and thus ensures proper termination of the hypoosmotic permeability response. This functional interplay between the high- and low-threshold channels is further supported by the compromised osmotic survival of bacteria expressing non-inactivating MscS mutants.
Perspective: How to overcome dynamical density functional theory
Authors: de las Heras Daniel , Zimmermann Toni , Sammüller Florian , Hermann Sophie , Schmidt Matthias
Published: April 2023

We argue in favour of developing a comprehensive dynamical theory for rationalizing, predicting, designing, and machine learning nonequilibrium phenomena that occur in soft matter. To give guidance for navigating the theoretical and practical challenges that lie ahead, we discuss and exemplify the limitations of dynamical density functional theory (DDFT). Instead of the implied adiabatic sequence of equilibrium states that this approach provides as a makeshift for the true time evolution, we posit that the pending theoretical tasks lie in developing a systematic understanding of the dynamical functional relationships that govern the genuine nonequilibrium physics. While static density functional theory gives a comprehensive account of the equilibrium properties of many-body systems, we argue that power functional theory is the only present contender to shed similar insights into nonequilibrium dynamics, including the recognition and implementation of exact sum rules that result from the Noether theorem. As a demonstration of the power functional point of view, we consider an idealized steady sedimentation flow of the three-dimensional Lennard-Jones fluid and machine-learn the kinematic map from the mean motion to the internal force field. The trained model is capable of both predicting and designing the steady state dynamics universally for various target density modulations. This demonstrates the significant potential of using such techniques in nonequilibrium many-body physics and overcomes both the conceptual constraints of DDFT as well as the limited availability of its analytical functional approximations.
Non-invasive detection of the content of white blood cells in the blood of humans based on dynamic spectrum
Authors: Huo Yanxi , Liu Guozhong , Jing Rixing , Zhao Peng
Published: April 2023

Objective. Changes in white blood cell content have been shown to be useful in determining whether the body is in a healthy state. We propose an improved data processing and modeling approach, which helps to accommodate blood component content detection and improve prediction accuracy. A
pproach. In this experiment, the finger-end transmission method was used for spectral measurement, and we collected a total of 440 sample data. In this paper, we first use the method of CEEMDAN combined with wavelet threshold to denoise the PPG signal, and then use the integral method to extract the spectral features, which makes up for the defects of the single-edge method using incomplete data and the deviation of the slope of the rising segment from the actual signal. We further improve the screening of samples and wavelengths, and used PLS regression modeling combine the double nonlinear correction method to build the most stable and universal model. Main results. The model has been applied to 332 subjects’ finger transmission spectral data to predict the concentration of leukocytes. The correlation coefficient of the final training set result was 0.927, and the root mean square error (RMSE) is 0.569×109 l−1, the correlation coefficient of the prediction set result is 0.817, and the RMSE is 0.826×109 l−1, which proves the practicability of the proposed method. Significance. We propose a non-invasive method for detecting leukocyte concentration in blood that can also be generalized to detect other blood components.
Assessing the state of biologically inspired design from three perspectives: academic, public, and practitioners
Authors: Jastrzembski M G , Watson B C , Weissburg M J , Bras B
Published: April 2023

Biologically inspired design (BID) applies natural solutions to engineering challenges. Due to the widespread success of BID, we examine the following research question: how does the purpose of applying, the inspiration source, and the application of BID differ between academics, the public, and practitioners? Answering this question can help us design the tools used to support BID, provide an understanding of the current ‘state of BID’ and identify where BID solutions have not been widely utilized. Identifying gaps in utilization could prompt investigations into BID methods in new fields. To answer this research question, 660 BID samples were gathered equally from three data sources: Google Scholar, Google News, and the Asknature.org ‘Innovations’ database. The data were classified across seven dimensions and 68 subcategories. The conclusions of our research deliver insights into three areas. First, we identify trends in BID independent of source. For example, 72.5% of the biomimicry samples had the purpose of improving functionality and 87.6% of the samples impacted the usage phase of a product’s life cycle. Secondly, by examining the distribution of BID within each source, we identify areas for potential outreach or application. Finally, by contrasting BID results between three sources (academic, news, and practical case studies) we gain an understanding of the disparities between the three. This analysis provides BID researchers and practitioners with a useful insight into the present state of this field, with the goal of motivating future research and application.
Strong subsurface meridional current forced by monsoon intraseasonal oscillation in the southern Bay of Bengal during summer 2020
Authors: Ding Ruibin , Xuan Jiliang , Zhou Feng , Ma Xiao , Li Hongliang , Huang Ke , Huang Daji , Sun Jia , Zhang Tao , Li Jia , Zhang Deng , Yu Yue , Han Chenhua
Published: April 2023

The meridional current in the southern Bay of Bengal (BOB) exhibits prominent intraseasonal variability (ISV), which exerts a critical influence on meridional mass and energy exchange. However, its relationship with the northward propagating monsoon intraseasonal oscillation (MISO), which is the predominant variability in the tropical Indian Ocean during summer, is not well understood. Using a one-year mooring deployed at 5.5 °N, 90 °E, a strong ISV of the meridional current is observed between 150 and 250 m during summer, exhibiting amplitudes exceeding 0.4 ms−1 and periods of 30–70 d. Further analysis shows that the summer ISV is forced by a strong MISO event with the following dynamic processes. The MISO first drives the zonal wind stress at the equator, leading to the equatorial Kelvin wave and the reflected equatorial Rossby wave at 5 °N. Then, the MISO propagates northward and generates local wind stress curl-induced Ekman pumping near the mooring site, leading to the subsequent off-equatorial Rossby wave at 8 °N. As a result, the synergy of the remotely- and locally-forced Rossby wave causes strong subsurface ISV in southern BOB. This study provides a new insight into the dynamic relationship between the MISO and the meridional current in the southern BOB, which has important implications for regional climate research and prediction.
The Continuum Hypothesis
Authors: Woodin W.
Published: April 2023

This is essentially the annotated slides of the lecture given at the Linde Hall Inaugural Symposium in February of 2019. The intent of this lecture was to present one view on the current situation regarding Cantor’s Continuum Hypothesis.
Some topological properties of surface bundles
Authors: Hamenstädt Ursula
Published: April 2023

We describe the second integral cohomology group of a surface bundle as the group of Chern classes of fiberwise holomorphic complex line bundles and use this to obtain some new information on this group.
UniDL4BioPep: a universal deep learning architecture for binary classification in peptide bioactivity
Authors: Du Zhenjiao , Ding Xingjian , Xu Yixiang , Li Yonghui
Published: April 2023

Identification of potent peptides through model prediction can reduce benchwork in wet experiments. However, the conventional process of model buildings can be complex and time consuming due to challenges such as peptide representation, feature selection, model selection and hyperparameter tuning. Recently, advanced pretrained deep learning-based language models (LMs) have been released for protein sequence embedding and applied to structure and function prediction. Based on these developments, we have developed UniDL4BioPep, a universal deep-learning model architecture for transfer learning in bioactive peptide binary classification modeling. It can directly assist users in training a high-performance deep-learning model with a fixed architecture and achieve cutting-edge performance to meet the demands in efficiently novel bioactive peptide discovery. To the best of our best knowledge, this is the first time that a pretrained biological language model is utilized for peptide embeddings and successfully predicts peptide bioactivities through large-scale evaluations of those peptide embeddings. The model was also validated through uniform manifold approximation and projection analysis. By combining the LM with a convolutional neural network, UniDL4BioPep achieved greater performances than the respective state-of-the-art models for 15 out of 20 different bioactivity dataset prediction tasks. The accuracy, Mathews correlation coefficient and area under the curve were 0.7–7, 1.23–26.7 and 0.3–25.6% higher, respectively. A user-friendly web server of UniDL4BioPep for the tested bioactivities is established and freely accessible at https://nepc2pvmzy.us-east-1.awsapprunner.com. The source codes, datasets and templates of UniDL4BioPep for other bioactivity fitting and prediction tasks are available at https://github.com/dzjxzyd/UniDL4BioPep.
Supporting students with blindness and visual impairments in microbiology
Authors: Heard Barbara R
Published: April 2023

The number of students with blindness and visual impairments (BVI) completing an undergraduate degree or majoring in STEM programs is low compared to students without disabilities. Though there are several reasons, numbering among them are the instructor’s inexperience teaching students with BVI and a lack of knowledge regarding accessibility requirements and accommodations that can be provided to support them. This article contains suggestions regarding safety considerations, accessibility, and accommodations useful in supporting students with BVI in microbiology. Most of the information is applicable to other fields and scenarios as well. When students with BVI are provided with the necessary support, they can be as successful in microbiology as their classmates without disabilities. As more students with BVI achieve success, they can serve as role models and contribute to overcoming remaining barriers to success for students with BVI in microbiology and other STEM courses.
The Signature of Cusped Hyperbolic 4-Manifolds
Authors: Kolpakov Alexander , Riolo Stefano , Tschantz Steven T
Published: April 2023

In this note we show that every integer is the signature of a non-compact, oriented, hyperbolic $4$-manifold of finite volume and give some partial results on the “geography” of such manifolds. The main ingredients are a theorem of Long and Reid, and the explicit construction of a hyperbolic $24$-cell manifold with some special topological properties.

Few things are harder to put up with than the annoyance of a good example.– Mark Twain
A prospective randomized controlled study of the effect of standardized nursing intervention for cancer pain on the quality of life of patients
Authors: Wang Bing , Tao Xiangjun , Zhao Jing , Liu Xiaojuan
Published: April 2023

Cancer pain refers to pain caused by cancer itself or cancer-related factors and can seriously affect cancer patients’ quality of life. Cancer pain can also cause a decline in patient compliance with cancer treatment and care. It has been suggested that nursing should be oriented to meet the patients’ needs, improve the capacity and quality of its specialized services, and provide a continuum of good quality care for different types of cancer patients with varying degrees of pain. This study used a convenience sampling of 236 cancer patients. According to the random number table method, these patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 118 cases in each group. The control group was given routine nursing and pain management care. The observation group was given standardized nursing intervention for cancer pain alongside routine nursing and pain management care. After 2 weeks of different nursing interventions, the results of the Numeric Rating Scale and the World Health Organization Quality of Life brief version questionnaire from the two groups were compared. After 2 weeks of standardized nursing intervention for cancer pain, the results of the Numeric Rating Scale and World Health Organization Quality of Life brief version in the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group (P < .05), and the difference was statistically significant. The standardized nursing intervention can effectively relieve cancer pain, improve cancer patients’ quality of life, and play a significant role in cancer treatment, which is worthy of clinical reference and promotion.