bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
W-band voltage-controlled oscillator design in 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology
Authors: Kozhemyakin Alexander , Kravchenko Ivan
Published: November 2019

The paper presents design flow and simulation results of the W-band fundamental voltage-controlled oscillator in 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology for an automotive radar application. Oscillator provides fundamental oscillation range of 76.8 GHz to 81.2 GHz. According to simulation results phase noise is –89.3 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset, output power is –5.6 dBm and power consumption is 39 mW from 3.3 V source.
Broadband push-pull power amplifier design methodology based on the GaN component base for high-performance nonlinear junction detectors
Authors: Klokov Vladimir , Kargin Nikolay , Garmash Alexander , Guzniaeva Ekaterina
Published: November 2019

The paper presents a description of design methodology for wide-band push-pull large-signal power amplifier based on GaN transistor with an output power of more than 10 W for high-performance Nonlinear Junction Detectors, which allows achieving optimal convergence of the theoretical model in practice, as well as increasing the efficiency of the power amplifier while maintaining a linear gain characteristic.
On the prospects of high power wideband multibeam klystrons with depressed collector
Authors: Galdetskiy Anatoly , Scherbakov Serguey
Published: November 2019

A new approach for bandwidth increasing of output resonator system in multibeam klystron is proposed. Significant lowering of loaded Q-factor is accompanied by decreasing of electron efficiency and output power which is compensated by depressing of collector voltage and enlarging total electron current by means of gaining the number of beams (bundles). We use dissected collector magnetic polepiece to restrict its heating by secondary electrons and to make possible rising of the depression level. Problems of temperature regime of collector polepiece are considered. Calculation demonstrates acceptable level of temperatures on polepiece.
The dynamics of merge and inversion of cavity and slot modes in coupled cavity chain slow wave structure
Authors: Nakrap Irina , Savin Alexander
Published: November 2019

The results of a theoretical study of the electrodynamic characteristics (EDC) in the dynamics of merge of the cavity and slot passbands of a slow-wave structure (SS) such as a coupled cavity chain (CCC) with the subsequent transition to a CCC with an inverted slot mode with a change in the opening angle of the coupling slot are presented. An analysis of the characteristics of CCC with combined and inverted bands with a traditional SS is carried out. The coupling impedance is presented for the first three spatial harmonics. The EDC CCC calculation was performed in the ANSYS HFSS program using the method of separation of closely spaced modes proposed by the authors. Suggested method made it possible to significantly increase the accuracy of the calculation of the dispersion characteristics of the CCC in the process of combining the passbands with the determination of the boundaries of not only the cavity, but also the slot passbands until the disappearance of the non-transmission band. The analysis of the distribution of the fields at given phase shifts in the cavity and slot CCC passbands revealed the features of their change during the inversion of the bands compared to traditional concepts. The field distributions in both passbands at different phase shifts have a hybrid (mixed) character of the fields of both the cavity and slot types waves.
Combined system of precise positioning of pilotless helicopter-type aircraft in the landing area
Authors: Antonov Andrey , Zubyuk Andrey , Kuznetsov Mikhail , Obukhov Ilya , Smirnova Elizaveta , Fadeev Egor , Chelyschev Leonid , Chikalo Oleg
Published: November 2019

On-board equipment, ground equipment, and special software have been developed and tested that makes it possible to determine with high accuracy the relative coordinates of a helicopter-type unmanned aerial vehicle relative to a quick deployment runway in the absence of signals from global navigation systems.
Application of the Hurst index to evaluate the testing of information gathering system components
Authors: Klevtsov Sergei
Published: November 2019

The performance of the technical object is determined based on the evaluation of its parameters. Sensors of physical quantities are used to collect data on the values of the parameters of the controlled object. The performance evaluation of an object depends on the accuracy of the parameter measurement. The measurement accuracy is determined by the sensor conversion characteristic. If the sensor calibration tests are performed correctly, the conversion characteristic will accurately reflect the relationship between the measured parameter and the output electrical signal. A method for assessing the quality of the conversion characteristics of the microprocessor sensor, which is based on the use of Hurst index.

The sensor of slowly changing physical quantities is considered. Based on the results of several test cycles obtained at a fixed ambient temperature, a series similar to the time series is formed. The initial series is subjected to additional processing before evaluation. The Hurst exponent is determined for the obtained series. The value of the Hurst index determines the quality of the test results. The possibility of using fractality index to assess the quality of tests is also considered.
System for receiving and processing diversity acoustic noise control data
Authors: Tersin V. V. , Bulkin V. V. , Khromulina T. D.
Published: November 2019

The results of the development and experimental verification of a system for obtaining and processing diversity acoustic noise control data are presented. The system is implemented using the LabView G graphical programming language. The length of the measured realization is determined by the ratio of the sample size to the sampling frequency. The number of measurements of each sound signal is determined by the ratio of the analysis time to the length of the measured realization. The measured audio signal implementation in the form of 40,000 16-bit binary numbers is processed using the fast Fourier transform. The result is a discrete spectrum of the audio signal in the range from 0 to 20 KHz with a step of 1 Hz. The results of the system check using a laboratory acoustic chamber and a noise shield are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of the system are formulated.
Development of the text analysis software agent (chat bot) for the library based on the question and answer system TWIN
Authors: Ivanovskaya Anastasia , Aksyonov Konstantin , Kalinin Igor , Chiryshev Yuriy , Aksyonova Olga
Published: November 2019

The development of a text analysis software agent is presented for a library based on the TWIN question-response system. A review of modern platforms for creating chat bots. The results of experiments with a trained text analysis software agent are described. The trained agent fully provided correct information during the experiments.
Digital signal processing in telecommunications based on parametric discrete Fourier transform
Authors: Ponomareva Olga , Ponomarev Alexey , Smirnova Natalya
Published: November 2019

A generalization of the discrete Fourier transform in the form of a parametric discrete Fourier transform is proposed. The analytical and stochastic properties of the introduced discrete transformation are investigated. An example of the application of the parametric discrete Fourier transform in telecommunications is given - a generalization of the well-known Herzel algorithm
Sliding signal processing in telecommunication networks based on two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform
Authors: Ponomarev Vladimir , Ponomareva Olga , Ponomarev Alexey , Smirnova Natalya
Published: November 2019

A method of vertical sliding processing of two-dimensional discrete signals in the spatial frequency domain is proposed — a method of fast vertically sliding two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform. The mathematical representation of the two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform in algebraic and matrix form is considered. An effective method of vertically sliding two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform is proposed. The algorithm developed in the framework of the proposed method allows calculating the coefficients (bins) of this transformation in real time.
Seamless image stitching in the gradient domain
Authors: Devitsyna Svetlana , Balabanova Tatyana
Published: November 2019

The algorithm of seamless image stitching in the gradient domain based on the variational derivative estimation method. The functionality of this algorithm is confirmed by computational experiments with real images of different types.
Fault-tolerant active phased array antenna with neural network
Authors: Kondratieva Svetlana , Shmachilin Pavel , Anosova Natalia
Published: November 2019

A model and architecture for an active phased array antenna with a neural network control unit has been developed, which provides correction of the amplitude-phase distribution depending on the quality of work of individual array modules. The possibility of adapting the system to failures of individual modules is shown.
Designing problems of antennas integrated with solar batteries
Authors: Obukhovets Victor
Published: November 2019

Designing problems of microstrip antennas placed on the solar battery surface and using it as a substrate are considered. Computational models taking into account the elements of its costruction and parameters of solar battery were performed by means of ANSYS HFSS. A number of numerical experiments for several antenna models were fulfilled. The aim of them is to design microstrip antenna integrated with solar battery without decreasing of solar elements effectiveness. The results of numerical experiments for several projects of microwave radiators with solid or mesh surface of the patch are presented
Directivity patterns features of antenna systems in regimes of ultra-short microwave pulses radiation
Authors: Palitsin Alexey , Goykhman Mikhail , Gromov Alexander , Kovalev Nikolay
Published: November 2019

Directivity patters of some antenna systems depend on duration of radiated microwave pulses. It is shown that for large enough twodimensional systems the shortening of pulses leads to suppression of side lobe radiation. We propose to use a novel for two-dimensional antenna systems parameter - a correlation length which is useful for estimation of pulse shortening influence on antenna pattern. Correlation length depends both on the pulse duration and direction of radiation. The effect of side lobes suppression can be used for estimation of pulse duration.
Dual-polarized dipole radiation elements for the modern base station antennas
Authors: Komov Vladislav , Sledkov Victor , ZiMeng Li
Published: November 2019

Two improved designs of wideband dual polarization antennas for base station. The first design is the crossed dipoles for the frequency bands 1695–2695 MHz. The presented shape of crossed dipole provides a low level of crosspolarization, VSWR better than 1.4, the isolation between polarizations is better than –33 dB and the beam width in the horizontal plane is 65±4 degrees. The second design is the square dipole in the frequency range 690–960 MHz provides the beam width in the horizontal plane 60±5 degrees, E-plane 58±3 degrees, H-plane 64±3 degrees, the isolation between polarizations better than –35dB.
Compact five-band antenna array with vertical polarization
Authors: Taranenko Vladimir
Published: November 2019

A vertical polarized antenna array operating in frequency bands 423–443, 840–930, 1525–1625, 2400–2500 and 5725–5850 MHz is presented. The radiators are made in a shape of stacked patches excited by metal strips located under the radiating patches. The radiating patch of the lowest frequency band 423–443 MHz is made in the form of a printed circuit board and acts as a reflector for radiators operating at other frequency bands. Such two-storey structure provides small dimensions of the antenna array. The results of simulation are compared with the measured radiation patterns and S parametes of the manufactured antenna array.
Microwave phased array for aerological radar
Authors: Shabunin Sergey , Plokhov Sergey , Bukrin Ilia , Chechetkin Victor
Published: November 2019

The use of radars with phased antenna arrays in aerological atmospheric sounding systems significantly increases the technical characteristics of the radio channel, ensures reliable auto-tracking in the near zone at high angular velocities of the aerological probe, and reduces the overall dimensions of the radar station. Modelling and optimization of the parameters of the phased array and phase shifters were carried out in the NI AWR Design Environment. The results of the study showed that when designing a radar station, it is possible to reduce the level of side lobes of the phased array antenna pattern and the effect of reflections from the underlying surface under operating conditions significantly.
Development of antenna arrays with a beam width 33 degrees at the level of half power
Authors: Rudakov Viacheslav , Sledkov Victor
Published: November 2019

A new design of the antenna array for mobile base stations providing two orthogonal polarizations in 1.71-2.17GHz frequency band is proposed. The antenna array includes 16 radiators, 12 power dividers and two phase shifters disposed on a metal reflector having dimensions 320×1387 mm. The developed antenna array contains less radiators and power dividers than other known antennas of this kind therefore one is cheaper for production. The fabricated sample of the proposed antenna array has return loss is better than -18.5dB and isolation better than 33dB. Beam width in the horizontal plane is equal 36 ± 4 degrees and side lobes level doesn’t exceeding -20dB. The antenna array provides gain=20.5dBi.
Compact design of diplexer for base stations operating within frequency bands 2.3–2.4/2.49–2.69 GHz
Authors: Kobrin Konstantin , Rudakov Vyacheslav , Manuilov Mikhail
Published: November 2019

A new compact design of diplexer with high electrical performances is proposed for base station antennas operating within frequency bands 2.3–2.4/2.49–2.69 GHz. The diplexer consists of two interdigital band-pass filters and coaxial power divider. Proposed design has high potential from view poin of implementation of wide-band as well as medium and narrow bands filters. The fabricated diplexer shows the following measured characteristics: reflection coefficient is -18 dB within passbands, insertion loss is -0.28 dB, isolation of ports is -30 dB. Diplexer has the relatively simple easy to manufacture design and compact dimensions, so it may be directly integrated into the base station antennas.
Electromagnetic radiation of oscillating thin films
Authors: Kharlanov Alexander V.
Published: November 2019

This paper deals with the electromagnetic fields generated by charges moving with the membrane. The numerical simulation of electromagnetic radiation of oscillating three-dimensional cell it is carried out. The issues of cell group radiation are also considered. Dependences of the field on distance and time are presented. A hypothesis about possible exchange of information between cells by means of electromagnetic waves is made.
Band structure and spatial electromagnetic field distribution in the 2D photonic crystals with nontrivial elementary cell
Authors: Anastasiev Anton , Polishchuk Ilya , Polishchuk Yuri
Published: November 2019

Periodic systems with the silver-based waveguides are discussed. The elementary cell in such systems consists of several waveguides. We employ the multiple scattering formalism based on solving the Maxwell equations solution for a single cylinder. The method involving the lattice-sum transformation into a fast convergent series is implemented. This enables us not only to increase the computational accuracy but also to reduce the necessary time for performing the numerical simulation. It is shown that under condition of nonzero propagation constant, the guided modes located closely in the frequency region appear. The number of these modes equals the number of waveguides in the elementary cell of the system. As a quasi-wave vector approaches the edge of the Brillouin zone, the frequency of these modes decreases. Increasing the propagation constant affects the modes shifting them towards the high frequency region. It is also shown that it is possible to match simultaneously wave vector and frequency of guided modes in the zigzag shaped systems.
The effect of magnetic shielding, frequency and current on the inductance of noise suppression reactor
Authors: Kornev Igor , Shapovallov Alexander
Published: November 2019

On the basis of integral relations, including integral equations, taking into account the influence of magnetic screens of nonlinear magnetic material on the inductance of multilayer coils, the influence of magnetic screens of material with different magnetic permeability on the inductance of multilayer coils at different values of the current flowing through the coil and for different frequencies of the signal is estimated.
Estimation of losses per unit length in a rectangular waveguide with rough screening surfaces based on the concept of partial waves
Authors: Biryukov Vladimir , Grachev Vladimir , Karakozova Ekaterina , Lobin Sergey , Shcherbakov Vladimir
Published: November 2019

A method for calculating the rough surface reflection coefficient of an electromagnetic wave is proposed. It is shown that the screening surface roughness in waveguides is equivalent to a decrease in conductivity of these surfaces in comparison with values belonging to Schukin-Leontovich boundary conditions for completely smooth surfaces.

Examples of calculating the attenuation coefficient in the rectangular waveguide with rough screening surfaces in a terahertz frequency range are presented. The influence of the size and shape of the rough surface profile irregularities on the waveguide attenuation is studied.
The study of the mechanical properties of thin films using piezoceramic acoustic resonators
Authors: Teplykh Andrey , Zaitsev Boris , Borodina Irina , Semyonov Alexander , Ziangirova Mayya , Almyasheva Nailya , Golyshkin Alexander , Krasnopolskaya Larissa , Kuznetsova Iren
Published: November 2019

The paper describes a method for determining the properties of thin films: elastic constants, viscosity and density. The method is based on the analysis of changing the characteristics of the acoustic resonator, on the surface of which the film under study is deposited, in comparison with a free resonator. Using the described method, the properties of two organic films based on the mycelium of basidiomycete Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Persoon were determined.
Determination of the anisotropy fields of polycrystalline hexaferrites by FMR
Authors: Zhuravlev Victor A. , Zhuravlev Alexander V. , Atamasov Vasily V. , Malenko Grigory I.
Published: November 2019

We propose the method for calculating the ferromagnetic resonance curves of polycrystalline hexaferrites with anisotropy of the easy magnetization plane. The results of the experimental studies of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy fields and the magnetomechanical ratios of hexaferrites Ba3Co1.5+xTixFe245–2xO41 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) and Ba3Co2.5–x ZnxTi0.5 Fe23O41 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.2) systems at room temperature are presented.
Electromagnetic response from multilayer composite coatings based on carbonyl iron, ferroelectrics and MWCNTs at microwave
Authors: Kuleshov Grigoriy E. , Sbrodov Alexey V. , Shematilo Tatyana N.
Published: November 2019

The electromagnetic characteristics of composite materials based on carbonyl iron, ferroelectrics, and MWCNTs were studied in this article. The complex magnetic and dielectric constants of the experimental samples were measured in the frequency range from 1 GHz to 18 GHz. The results of calculation and the experimental study of the frequency dependences of the reflection coefficient on a multilayer composite coating located on a reflective surface are presented.
Resonator for microwave magnetoelectric effect
Authors: Lobekin Vyacheslav , Tatarenko Alexandr , Belyshev Andrei , Bichurin Mirza
Published: November 2019

The design of a ring resonator made on a microstrip transmission line is presented. A study of ferromagnetic resonance using this design was made. Computer simulation of a microstrip ring resonator was carried out, and amplitude-frequency characteristics were obtained.
On the correctness of mathematical models of time-of-flight cathodoluminescence of direct-gap semiconductors
Authors: Stepovich Mikhail A. , Turtin Dmitry V. , Seregina Elena V. , Kalmanovich Veronika V.
Published: November 2019

Two-dimensional and three-dimensional mathematical models of diffusion and cathodoluminescence of excitons in single-crystal gallium nitride excited by a pulsating sharply focused electron beam in a homogeneous semiconductor material are compared. The correctness of these models has been carried out, estimates have been obtained to evaluate the effect of errors in the initial data on the distribution of the diffusing excitons and the cathodoluminescence intensity.
Transit-time diodes and transistors with variable injection for generation and detection of THz radiation
Authors: Vyurkov Vladimir , Semenikhin Igor , Rudenko Konstantin , Lukichev Vladimir
Published: November 2019

The non-linear model of THz generation in variable injection transit-time structures coupled with antenna is proposed. The simulation demonstrates the crossover from the initial harmonic regime of selfexcitation to non-harmonic generation in the developed stage.
Mobility of a two-dimensional electron gas in the AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure: simulation and analysis
Authors: Volcheck Vladislav , Stempitsky Viktor
Published: November 2019

At temperatures above 100 K, a two-dimensional electron gas generated at the AlGaAs/GaAs heterointerface can be characterized by the three dominant scattering mechanisms: acoustic deformation potential, polar acoustic phonon and polar optical phonon. An analytical model describing the two-dimensional electron gas mobility controlled by these scattering processes as a function of the electron concentration and the temperature was developed and integrated into a device simulator package using a built-in C language interpreter. The electrical characteristics of a simple AlGaAs/GaAs high electron mobility transistor were simulated using either the derived or a conventional bulk mobility model and the results were compared.
Theory for anomalous refraction of visible light by the plane array of metallic waveguides
Authors: Anastasiev Anton , Polishchuk Ilya , Polishchuk Yuri
Published: November 2019

The effect of anomalous or negative angle refraction in the periodic systems of silver waveguides is investigated. This effect arises solely due to the waveguide interaction and requires the system of specific geometrical configuration. It is also shown that the propagation constant provides a flexible mechanism to manipulate the anomalous refraction. We employ the multiple scattering formalism based on the exact solution of the Maxwell equations for a single waveguide problem. Also the method based on the lattice sum transformation into a fast convergent series is involved.

This technique dramatically decreases the time necessary for performing the numerical simulations and increases the accuracy of the computational process. It is shown that all the directions, which the periodic system is possible to radiate, can be obtained beforehand, i.e. analytically, without numerical simulations. The latter ones are needed to determine energy the flux going into each of those directions.
The nanometer conductive film diffraction properties
Authors: Orlenson VulfBorisovich , Zuev Sergey Aleksandrovich , Starostenko Vladimir Victorovich
Published: November 2019

In this article the numerical simulations and experimental studies of microwave electromagnetic wave interaction with micro- and nanoparticles of different sizes with their arbitrary location on the substrate are carried. The optical coefficients (reflection, transmission and absorption) and their dependence on the metallized nanocoating fill factor and thickness were obtained.
CW subterahertz gyrotron operating at high cyclotron harmonics
Authors: Bandurkin Ilya , Zavolsky Nikolay , Kalynov Yuri , Manuilov Vladimir , Osharin Ivan , Savilov Andrey , Fiks Alexander
Published: November 2019

At the IAP RAS, a subteraherz continuous-wave large orbit gyrotron (LOG) operating directly at the second, third, and fourth cyclotron harmonics at frequencies of 0.26, 0.39, and 0.52 THz, is developed and created. The paper presents the results of experimental testing of LOG at the second and third harmonics carried out to date in the long-pulses regime (duration 0.1–60 s) with the transition to continuous- wave generation regime.
Developing of computer models of modern measuring instruments for a remote virtual laboratory
Authors: Gubsky Dmitry , Ivanova Irina , Kleschenkov Anatoly
Published: November 2019

The study introduces the approach of creating a virtual laboratory for performing laboratory works with remote access. The proposed virtual lab can be used for distance learning and is an extension of the functionality of the previously created virtual workshop. This virtual laboratory with remote access is an alternative to laboratory works performed with real experimental equipment and provides an opportunity to gain skills in operation with measuring microwave equipment without giving classes in educational laboratories. The results of testing virtual lab works with remote access in educational radiophysics laboratories are presented.
Automation of S-parameters measurements of high-power microwave transistors in a contact device with tunable strip matching circuits
Authors: Evseev Vladimir , Ivlev Mikhail , Lupanova Elena , Nikulin Sergey , Petrov Vitaliy , Terentyev Andrey
Published: November 2019

In the practice by microwave power transistor amplifiers developing, the variable load method is usually used to determine the impedances of matching circuits in the complex conjugate matching mode. This solution involves the use of expensive equipment - coaxial impedance tuners and contact devices for mounting transistors in low impedance strip lines. An even more complicated and expensive way is the concept of X- parameters, based on the use of unique measuring equipment - a non-linear vector network analyzer, and a simulator for non-linear circuits design. The article proposes an alternative solution adapted to the operation of the transistor in real conditions and allowing to design the output stages of microwave power amplifiers using analysis and optimization of linear electrical circuits. The essence of the proposed solution is to automate the measurement of non-linear S-parameters of high-power microwave transistors in a contact device with tunable strip matching circuits for various DC supply voltage, frequency and input power mode in case of continuous or pulse input signal. The nonlinear S-parameters of the contact device are measured using the method of spatially remote variable load in the frequency range, in which the line conditioning and the maximum output power are achieved. The minimum of the reflected wave amplitude and the maximum gain are reached using movable strip matching transformers. The S-parameters measured in the coaxial line are automatically recalculated to the physical boundaries of the transistor by registering the positions of the input and output strip transformers.
Automation of measurements permittivity of materials by the capacitor method
Authors: Zhukov Andrey , Atamasov Vasily , Malenko Grigory
Published: November 2019

The article discusses an example of the automation of the process of measuring the dielectric constant of materials by the capacitor method using the LabVIEW graphical programming environment and the Agilent E4980A precision LCR meter. A description of the hardwaresoftware complex is presented, as well as the measurement results.
A new technique and results of measurements of dielectric and magnetic properties of loss dielectrics for vacuum tubes
Authors: Bogomolova Evgeniia , Galdetskiy Anatoly , Vasilev Vladimir , Alekseenkov Vladimir
Published: November 2019

A technique for measuring dielectric and magnetic properties of materials by the waveguide method is proposed in which the error, associated with the presence of gaps between the sample and the waveguide wall is eliminated by comparison with the results of numerical analysis of a 3D model the dielectric characteristics of which are optimized in order to achieve the best agreement between the calculated and experimental data.
Special aspects of modulation RCS measurement in Ka-band
Authors: Kryuchkov Igor V. , Mozharov Eduard O. , Skachkova Anna I.
Published: November 2019

Radar reflectors are used as standards for radioelectronic devices calibration, as navigation beacons for air and naval traffic control and for radar visibility increase. Controlled (parametric) reflectors change reflected signal characteristics. This leads to appearance of easily detectable additional frequency components on modulation frequency. Ka-band parametric reflector design, consisting of horn reflector and phase switch 0°/180° board, is suggested. Technique of parametric reflector modulation RCS measurement, using complex envelope of reflected signal in every phase switch state, is suggested. Measuring bench description is given. Comparative analysis of theoretical calculations and experimental results is carried out. Accuracy of modulation RCS measurement according to the said technique is obtained experimentally. Measurements accuracy constraints are detected.
Polarization selection of radar target using the principal component method
Authors: Borzov A.B. , Labunetc L.V. , Likhoedenko K.P. , Muratov I.V. , Pavlov G.L. , Suchkov V.B. , Khokhlov V.K.
Published: November 2019

The results of polarization selection of radar targets using the method of principal components according to the results of modeling and field experiments are presented. Target Detection Algorithms Received
The practical application of subwavelength focusing elements in the EHF imaging system
Authors: Zhakupov Sergey , Badin Alexander , Berdyugin Alexander
Published: November 2019

This paper presents the results of modeling the processes of interaction of an electromagnetic wave of the EHF range with focusing elements made of materials with a refractive index n in the range from 1.2 to 2. Based on the obtained simulation results using additive technologies, an equilateral parallelepiped of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene with a refractive index was created n = 1.62. After which it was added to the EHF imaging system, and its focusing properties were analyzed. As a result of the experiments, pictures were obtained of the dependence of the intensity of electromagnetic radiation on the surface of test samples on the presence of a given focusing element in the system.
Autodyne signal features of frequency-locked microwave oscillators
Authors: Noskov Vladyslav Ya. , Ignatkov Kirill A. , Shaidurov Kirill D.
Published: November 2019

The research results on the autodyne signal formation in microwave oscillators, which are exposed under the impact of the proper reflected emission and, at the same time, of the external frequency-locked signal are presented. The basic relations are obtained for signal analysis under the condition of the quasistatic target movements. The theoretical research results are confirmed by experimental data obtained on the example of an oscillator made on the basis of the 8mm-range Gunn diode.
The prospects of creating of microwave radiothermography based on monolithic integrated circuits
Authors: Gudkov Aleksandr
Published: November 2019

A new approach to the creation of microwave radiothermography is shown. Scientific and technical barriers preventing the creation of relatively inexpensive devices for early diagnosis of tumors, as well as painless and safe monitoring during treatment were identified. An optimal principle of construction of microwave radiothermography based on monolithic integrated circuits is offered.
The prediction of urinary calculi fragmentation duration under the holmium laser pulses
Authors: Chemega Viktor , Tlukhovskaya-Stepanenko Natalia , Eremenko Alexey
Published: November 2019

The results of settlement-experimental definition (prediction) of urinary stones fragmentation duration by the holmium laser impulses with the wavelength of 2.1 microns and energy from 0.8 to 1.6 J are presented in the paper. The obtained analytical expressions allow to estimate the duration of urinary stone complete fraction on the basis of its volume and radiological density as well as on its location, comprising the auxiliary manipulations time, and to predict lithotripsy operation duration regarding this data.
Three-dimensional simplified electrodynamic model of the human chest
Authors: Dem'yanenko Alexander , Nevstruev Yaroslav , Semernik Olga
Published: November 2019

The results of the development of an accessible threedimensional electrodynamic model of the human chest in a healthy state and in the presence of various pathologies caused by bronchopulmonary diseases are presented. Simulation and experimental study of the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the human chest has been carried out with the aim of developing high-tech harmless non-invasive methods, devices and automated systems for diagnosing diseases of the bronchopulmonary system based on modern microwave technologies.
Investigation of the possibility of increasing the sensitivity of a microwave radiometer
Authors: Luchinin Alexander , Malygin Ivan
Published: November 2019

The results of a sensitivity study of various types of quadratic detectors for a microwave radiometer are presented, both with and without a low-noise amplifier. A low-noise amplifier with a gain of 60 dB and a bandwidth of 1 GHz at a central frequency of 4 GHz was developed and studied.
Application of optical heterodyning methods in microwave transducers
Authors: Biryukov Vladimir , Grachev Vladimir , Kapustin Sergey , Malyshev Kirill , Perevezentseva Yuliya , Raevsky Alexey
Published: November 2019

An optical signal mixes up with the reference radiation of heterodyne on a sensitive photodetector site. A beat signal with wavelength separation frequency of heterodyne and information light signal is generated at the output of the photodetector. This beat frequency emittedby the detector must be in radio wave range; this means that the received signal can be processed electronically.
Heterostructure InGaAlAs/InAlAs on the InP substrate for the electro-optical modulator based on the quantum confined Stark effect
Authors: Gulyaev Dmitry , Dmitriev Dmitry , Toropov Alexander , Valisheva Nataly , Tsarev Andrey , Kolosovsky Eugeny , Feduchin Leonid , Gorchakov Alexander , Zhuravlev Konstantin
Published: November 2019

The energy structure and the value of the electrooptic effect in heteroepitaxial structures (HES) with multiple InGaAlAs / InAlAs quantum wells have been studied. The interferometric method has been developed to determine small changes in the refractive index under transverse transmission of light through a layered structure. The length of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer for the modulator at HES with multiple InGaAlAs / InAlAs quantum wells has been chosen.
Methods of detection of changes in the distribution of observed statistics of time derivatives of the total electron content because of cycle slips in navigation satellite’s signals
Authors: Minasyan George , Nesterov Ivan , Ilyushin Yaroslav
Published: November 2019

Based on the analysis of the phase data of the global navigation satellite system, distributions of time derivatives of the L1 phase frequency and the total electronic content are obtained. The change in the distributions of observed statistics of time derivatives of the total electron content was analyzed, because there are cycle slips in signals of navigation satellites. According to the analysis of the statistics of the phase of signals, an assumption about the physical and technical reasons for phase failures was made. The correlation between time derivatives of the phase signals and the total electron content has been obtained, despite the apparent dependence of the latter on the phase of the signal. This ratio showed that neither direct nor inverse dependence of the change in the distribution of time derivatives in both of quantities was found.
Space-time signal processing in MIMO antennas system with the Earth surface reflections
Authors: Krychkov Igor , Slukin Gennady , Chapursky Valery
Published: November 2019

The generalized correlation integral for space-time signal processing at the output of a MIMO antenna system radio altimeter in the Earth’s surface reflections presence is obtained. The results of calculation of one-dimensional cross-section of the generalized correlation integral at an elevation angle with a known target range and two-dimensional crosssection of the generalized correlation integral «horizontal range-height» for specific surface reflection coefficient are presented.
To the question of coordinate system choice within composition of the spatial generalized MIMO radar ambiguity function
Authors: Vodolazov Rodion , Chapursky Valery , Filatov Andrey
Published: November 2019

The issue of the choice of spatial coordinate system which is suitable to physical sense of the radar concept is explored on the basis of the derivation of spatial generalized ambiguity function for MIMO antenna system and of its cross-section analysis. The comparison results of generalized ambiguity function cross-sections for two dimensional target coordinates in Cartesian, spherical and modified spherical coordinate systems are given for orthogonal LFM waveforms radiated by the elements of linear MIMO antenna system transmit. This proves the desirable choice between coordinate systems with regard of physical sense of the current task.
Monopulse angle estimation with MIMO radar
Authors: Semenov Aleksandr N. , Krainy Vladimir I. , Rodichev Ivan A.
Published: November 2019

In this article a generalization of the amplitude monopulse method for angle estimation for radars with multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) elements is discussed. Bearing characteristics for sparse virtual antenna arrays are presented. A reconstructed image of the radiation source is presented for two cases of direction finding: based on calculation of the correlation integral and based on weighted sum of signals over the aperture of the virtual antenna array.
Implementation of broadband radar Doppler signal processing algorithms based on special computing unit platform
Authors: Vodolazov Arsenii , Koroteev Dmitrii , Rastvorov Sergei , Shatov Pavel , Slyusarenko Dmitrii
Published: November 2019

An approach to hardware-oriented software optimization during the implementation of real-time digital radar signal processing is described. A typical moving target indication algorithm is considered. The main principles of the optimization approach are given. The speed of the optimized algorithm in comparison to the implementation performed by standard software means is shown. The possibility of potential increase in signal processing speed with hardware-oriented optimization is indicated.
The perspectives of near-field interference microwave sensing based on the frustrated total reflection phenomenon
Authors: Belichenko V.P. , Zapasnoy A.S. , Mironchev A.S. , Klokov A.V. , Matvievskiy E.V.
Published: November 2019

A near-field microwave nondestructive diagnostics based on the total reflection phenomenon is described. The new type of schematic solution of device is proposed - a near-field interference microwave sensing system. The test diagnostics results in the conditions of metallized strips with breaks are presented.
Radar target hardware-in-the-loop simulation in carrier frequencies for SAR tests
Authors: Lepekhina Tatiana A. , Nikolaev Vadim I.
Published: November 2019

Methods of hardware-software simulation of test scenes of varying complexity are proposed for synthetic aperture space radar (SAR) ground tests and testing its components, as well as for checking its end-to- end characteristics and calibration during flight tests. The principles of designing and features of the hardware implementation of an active simulator of radar targets are described. Some methods for solving problems associated with the synchronization of received and generated signals are proposed.
Intubationssysteme in der Tränenwegchirurgie – eine aktuelle Übersicht
Authors: Rokohl Alexander C. , Guo Yongwei , Mor Joel M. , Loreck Niklas , Koch Konrad R. , Heindl Ludwig M.
Published: November 2019

Mit dem Einsatz von Mikroendoskopen in der Tränenwegchirurgie und dem dadurch bedingten Einzug der neueren, transkanalikulären, anatomieerhaltenden Operationsverfahren wurden verschiedenste Tränenwegintubationssysteme entwickelt. Je nach Lokalisation und Ausmaß der Tränenwegstenose können bikanalikuloanuläre, monokanalikuläre, monokanalikulonasale, bikanalikuläre und bikanalikulonasale Intubationstechniken und -systeme sowie Kombinationen daraus zum Einsatz kommen. Der isolierten Intubation der Tränenpünktchen dienen perforierte Punctum Plugs, während eine rein monokanalikuläre Intubation mit einer Mini-Monoka® erfolgen kann. Als monokanalikulonasale Intubationssysteme stehen neben der Monoka (Wide-Collarette-Typ), der Monoka von Fayet (Crawford-Typ), der selbsteinfädelnde Monoka (Ritleng®-Typ), der Masterka® sowie der LacriJet® für den ophthalmoplastischen Chirurgen zur Auswahl. Zu den bikanalikulonasalen Intubationssystemen zählen verschiedene BIKA®-Systeme, das Ritleng-Intubationssystem, das Crawford-Intubationsset und der FCI Nunchaku®. Indikationen sowohl für monokanalikulonasale als auch bikanalikulonasale Intubationssysteme stellen kanalikuläre Obstruktionen, Stenosen oder Lazerationen aller Art sowie sakkale und postsakkale Obstruktionen und Stenosen nach deren Eröffnung oder nach einer Dakryozystorhinostomie (DCR) dar. Bei einer Konjunktivodakryozystorhinostomie (CDCR) können bspw. die klassischen Lester Jones Tubes, Metaireau Tubes oder die StopLoss® Jones Tubes verwendet werden. Obwohl die Studienlage nicht eindeutig ist und daher eine Tränenwegintubation nicht als obligat angesehen werden darf, verzichten die meisten Ophthalmochirurgen trotz höherer Kosten und einer geringfügig längeren Operationsdauer in den meisten Fällen nicht auf eine solche. Für welches Intubationssystem der Operateur sich letztendlich entscheidet, hängt in den meisten Fällen von der gewählten Intubationsform, den Kosten sowie seinen persönlichen Präferenzen und Erfahrungen ab.
Nierenbeteiligung bei ANCA-assoziierten Vaskulitiden
Authors: Kronbichler Andreas , Windpessl Martin
Published: November 2019

ANCA-assoziierte Vaskulitiden sind seltene Kleingefäßvaskulitiden, wobei die jährliche Inzidenz in etwa bei 20 pro 1 000 000 Einwohner liegt. Eine Nierenbeteiligung kommt bei über 50% der betroffenen Patienten vor und geht mit Morbidität und Mortalität einher. Ein Screening auf Nierenbeteiligung sollte zum Zeitpunkt der Erstdiagnose und periodisch im Verlauf stattfinden. Eine Nierenbiopsie hat nicht nur einen diagnostischen Nutzen, sondern ist essentiell zur Prognoseabschätzung. Verschiedene histologische Kriterien sind in den letzten Jahren entwickelt worden, welche in den klinischen Alltag Einzug finden werden. Neben glomerulären Veränderungen scheinen für die Langzeitprognose auch tubulointerstitielle Veränderungen von Interesse zu sein. Die Therapie der ANCA-assoziierten Vaskulitis, sowohl in der Induktions- als auch in Erhaltungstherapie, wurde durch Rituximab verändert. Strategien zur Glucocorticoidreduktion bzw. -elimination wurden entwickelt, welche die Nebenwirkungen von Steroiden minimieren sollen. Da eine eingeschränkte Nierenfunktion das kardiovaskuläre Risiko von Patienten mit ANCA-assoziierter Vaskulitis deutlich erhöht, muss auf eine adäquate Kontrolle dieser Faktoren geachtet werden. Zudem haben Patienten während aktiver Phasen der Erkrankung ein hohes thromboembolisches Risiko und bei dementsprechenden Beschwerden sollte frühzeitig ein Screening stattfinden. Zusammengefasst hat das zunehmende wissenschaftliche Interesse auf dem Gebiet der Vaskulitiden dazu geführt, dass die Diagnostik und Therapie über das letzte Jahrzehnt deutlich optimiert wurde. Weitere Studien werden in der Zukunft „maßgeschneiderte“ therapeutische Behandlungen erlauben.
Klinische Entscheidungsfindung bei der Behandlung des diabetischen Makulaödems mit DEX-Implantat: ein Konsenspapier
Authors: Augustin Albert J. , Feltgen Nicolas , Haritoglou Christos , Hoerauf Hans , Maier Mathias M. , Mardin Christian Yahya , Schargus Marc
Published: November 2019

Hintergrund In Deutschland sind 2 intravitreal anzuwendende Kortikosteroide (Dexamethason und Fluocinolon) für die Behandlung des diabetischen Makulaödems (DMÖ) zugelassen. Der Einsatz von DEX-Implantat bei DMÖ ist in der täglichen Praxis bisher nicht im Detail definiert. Mithilfe eines Delphi-Panels und einer Runde von Retinaspezialisten sollte ein Konsens für die Anwendung von DEX-Implantat erarbeitet werden.

Material und Methoden Aus der Literatur wurden internationale und nationale Behandlungsempfehlungen identifiziert. Eine Steuerungsgruppe erarbeitete einen Katalog von 72 Aussagen zur Ätiologie und Pathogenese des DMÖ, Therapie mit dem DEX-Implantat, Einsatz bei mit VEGF-Hemmern vorbehandelten Patienten, Verwendung von DEX-Implantat in der Kombination mit anderen Therapien, Sicherheit von DMÖ-Therapien sowie Therapiebelastung des Patienten. 22 niedergelassene Ophthalmologen und 6 Ophthalmologen aus der Klinik gaben über Survey Monkey ihre Bewertung zu den Aussagen ab. Die Definition des Konsenses zu einer Aussage galt als erfüllt, wenn mehr als 75% der Befragten einer Aussage zustimmten bzw. nicht zustimmten. Über nicht konsensfähige Aussagen wurde nach erneuter Diskussion in der Konsensrunde nochmals abgestimmt. In der Folge sollte auch ein Behandlungsschema für DMÖ mit fovealer Beteiligung vorgeschlagen werden.

Ergebnisse Sofern ein Patient unter VEGF-Hemmern unzureichend anspricht (Visusgewinn < 5 ETDRS-Buchstaben oder Reduktion der zentralen Netzhautdicke ≤ 20%), sollte nach 3 – 6 Monaten auf das DEX-Implantat umgestellt werden. DEX-Implantat ist ebenfalls geeignet für Augen mit länger bestehendem DMÖ, bei denen z. B. massive Lipidexsudate vorhanden sind. DEX-Implantat eignet sich als Ersttherapie insbesondere bei Pseudophaken, Patienten, die nicht willens oder in der Lage sind, enge Injektionsintervalle unter Anti-VEGF-Therapie einzuhalten oder für Patienten mit vaskulären Vorerkrankungen. Bei festgelegten Kontrollintervallen von 4 – 8 Wochen kann die Anwendung des DEX-Implantats flexibel und individuell erfolgen. Als Entscheidungsparameter gelten hierbei neben Visus und Netzhautdicke auch der Augeninnendruck. Eine Behandlung von beiden Augen am selben Tag sollte nicht stattfinden.

Schlussfolgerungen Der hier vorgestellte Algorithmus entspricht den Ergebnissen des Delphi-Prozesses und weicht u. U. von den Empfehlungen der Fachgesellschaft ab. Die im Rahmen der Befragung und Expertenrunde erarbeiteten Konsensempfehlungen für die Therapie von DMÖ können für den Einsatz des DEX-Implantats in der täglichen Praxis dienen.