bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: How the Maritime Industry can Leverage Developments in Autonomy from other Domains
Authors: Benson C L , Sumanth P D , Colling A P
Published: February 2019

Autonomous maritime vessels have gained a considerable amount of attention in recent years due to their promise of reduced crew costs, increased safety and increased flexibility. This paper explores how the maritime industry can leverage the developments in autonomy and other systems to contribute to the continued drive towards autonomous maritime systems. First, several key technological areas associated with autonomous maritime systems are identified; including navigation and control systems, data transmission and electrical energy propulsion. These technical areas are then compared with other autonomous systems including autonomous aircraft, automobiles and spacecraft to find overlaps and similarities. A set of representative patents are determined for each technological area across each of the different autonomous systems and is then used to estimate a technological improvement rate for each technology-system pair. These technological improvement rates are implemented in a Monte-Carlo Markov Chain model to explore the effects of the timing of the adoption of autonomous systems in the maritime shipping industry. The model indicates a technological feasibility date of maritime autonomous systems beginning in 2028 when leveraging autonomous developments from other domains.
Defence Youth STEM Outreach – Inspiring the Next Generation
Authors: Rose M F , Joyce D
Published: February 2019

This paper focuses on the need to build a solid foundation of skills which the future maritime workforce can build on to provide the innovation and exploitation of new technologies that the Royal Navy requires. This need sits within the wider strategic context of the national engineering skills shortage, reflected recently in the EngineeringUK report: ‘The State of Engineering 2018.’ The report forecasts as a conservative estimate an average shortfall in engineering graduates (level 4+) of 22,000, with the impact of Brexit upon these figures yet to be determined (the UK relies on attracting talent from the EU and beyond to help meet current shortfalls). The situation regarding Level 3 – A levels, Highers, and Advanced apprenticeships reflects a similar shortfall. This issue is exacerbated by the fact that only 12% of engineering and technology employees in the UK are women; highlighting that access and availability, including gender diversity remains a challenge for this sector. It is against that backdrop, that the MOD, is collaborating across many areas; one specifically being on inspiring the next generation to undertake Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics(STEM) as subjects of choice initially, moving thereafter onto more informed careers awareness and ultimately onto career options. Such foundation building is manifest in Defence’s Youth STEM engagement strategy which is whole force by design, with several major developments to date following its launch in 2016, including the establishment of formal strategic partnerships with three national STEM outreach providers; notably: Primary Engineer; Tomorrows Engineer (replicated by Energy Skills Partnership in Scotland) and STEM Learning (replicated by SSERC in Scotland) each with niche capabilities. They sit alongside all four Services within Defence and key other government departments including the devolved administration in Scotland, in the form of an implementation group to take the strategy forward. The purpose is to inspire sufficient young people to study STEM subjects, to ensure that the appropriate national talent exists from which Defence can recruit its future technical people. Several initiatives are expanded upon with illustration of the benefits, ranging from impact in the classroom (both teacher and pupil) to Defence personnel as STEM ambassadors. The paper closes with the social mobility agenda and the potential thereof from Youth STEM outreach.
The influence of the facility nuclear safety case on the design of naval refit support equipment
Authors: Cole H K
Published: February 2019

Continuous review, adaptation and improvement through upkeep and maintenance periods has enabled the Royal Navy submarine fleet to remain fit for purpose through successive life extension programmes. Devonport Royal Dockyard, Plymouth, provides nuclear submarine dry dock facilities for maintenance. The Site Licences which authorise operations of these nuclear facilities are administered by the Office for Nuclear Regulation which ensures that the intent of the facility nuclear safety case is maintained throughout all operations. As such, any dock modifications and refit support equipment or structures must be designed within the framework of the safety case. A requirement to undertake refit activities external to the hull of a nuclear submarine while in dock resulted in a design and build project for a temporary dock-bottom building to provide a safe and capable environment. The design of this building’s structure and sub-systems was heavily influenced by the nuclear safety case. This paper explores the challenges of designing equipment within the constraints of the nuclear licensed site, identifies the provenance and the requirements of the nuclear safety case of a dry dock nuclear facility, and examines the influence of this safety case upon requirements management, and the design lifecycle. The design of the dock-bottom building is presented, including an outline of the technical challenges which arose, and some of the novel solutions developed, including; a modular, seismically- qualified, primary structure; and a modified crane incorporating a crushable element. The paper explores the issues of finite element analysis of the primary structure to substantiate performance and satisfy the safety case. The paper also presents a discussion of the influence and impact of the safety case upon the building design project.
The physical integration of a significant marine engineering package into the T23 Frigate
Authors: Dobbins D G
Published: February 2019

The Type 23 Frigate (T23) has been extended in-service well beyond its initial design life of 18 years, with some ships due to be over 35 years old when they leave service. To ensure the vessels remain effective and available a T23 Life Extension (LIFEX) programme was set up to meet this revised End of Life (EOL). A significant element of this LIFEX and the focus of this paper is PGMU (Power Generation and MCAS Update). The aim of PGMU is to restore electrical power margins and to overcome equipment obsolescence. This requirement was set with the obvious constraint that new equipment must integrate with the existing ship and it’s supporting systems without adversely affecting key operational characteristics. Considered an Alteration and Addition (AandA) but the largest the T23 has ever seen, the project has encompassed the entire cradle to birth cycle and equipment is currently being fitted into the first of class with a plan to achieve sea trials in Q2 2019. PGMU will replace the most critical assets of a warship; its power generation system. It replaces the 4 diesel generators with higher power units, the replacement of the 2 motor generator sets that supply the 440v ship services, upgrades the switchboards as well as the Machinery Controls and Surveillance System (MCAS). Challenges have come in the form of structural limitations; stability management; signature management; physical integration and the re-designing of a legacy platform to new standards. This paper builds on one that I presented at INEC 2016: “Facing the challenges of integration and physical constraints when replacing major equipment in old platforms”. This edition will cover issues that have arisen in the later stages of the design and validation through into the integration for First of Class (FoC); HMS Richmond. It will concentrate on the naval architectural aspects of the project and will consider how they were managed whilst offering an overview of some of the key learning from experience (LFE) that has been gained.
Systems Engineering – The Hard Way
Authors: Edmondson A R , Twomey B
Published: February 2019

Ship designers, builders, owners, insurers and class societies are becoming ever more aware of the complex interactions of the various systems found on all types of marine vessels. Therefore a design process that acknowledges these demands and assesses the risks posed, and manages them becomes ever more important. This paper seeks to explore some of the, sometimes apparently, conflicting requirements that are placed on designs of new marine platforms and looks at methods that enable these elements to be expressed, understood and managed in the context of an integrated ship design. The demands placed on new vessels include a range of requirements that move away from being solely based around the traditional functional requirements; including the ideas of designing for ease of shipbuilders, operators and maintainers; and now acknowledging the need of a through life safety case, cyber security case, and full obsolescence planning. This becomes ever more complex when consideration is given to how these through life elements are practically managed, with a range of methods, none of which are without their own challenges. It is important to note as these demands are discussed that often a ‘solution’ in the truest sense does not exist and the management of risk becomes a balance between the expected risk, the practicable solution, along with the potential compromises to both programmes and cost. While these demands place huge constraints and drive complexity into design processes, the issues can, and regularly have, been further exacerbated when some of these, or other requirements, are introduced into the design or build phases of projects. Introduction of design drivers should not be undertaken lightly or without expected, and accepted, increases in required resources, both financial and calendrical.
Effect of Gas-To-Liquid (GTL) fuels on marine diesel engines compared to F-76
Authors: Tol R S , Linden Ir Y
Published: February 2019

With increasingly stringent emission regulations and evergrowing concern for the environment and human welfare, alternatives for distillate marine diesel oil are becoming more widely available. The Dutch department of Defence has committed itself to reduce the production of carbon dioxide due to burning fossil fuel by 70% in 2050 (compared to 2010). GTL is a liquid fuel produced from natural gas and manufacturers claim cleaner combustion. Measurements have been taken from a 360kW Marine diesel engine over the engine envelope to compare the combustion performance of GTL against F-76, a NATO-standard DMA. We found that combustion started earlier for GTL compared to F-76. The heat release rate, calculated using a single-zone combustion model, showed a more graduate heat release for GTL, resulting in a lower peak pressure and spatially averaged cylinder temperatures. The engine’s overall efficiency showed an increase of up to 0.5%, while emissions of NOX reduced by more than 9%. Despite the higher efficiency and GTL’s 3.5% higher caloric value, the operating range of vessels is expected to decrease by 4% due to the 8% lower density of GTL.
Charge air configurations for propulsion diesel engines aboard fast naval combatants
Authors: Rusman J Q
Published: February 2019

The Royal Netherlands Navy (RNLN) wants to reduce the fossil fuel dependency of its fleet significantly, to decrease logistic efforts and environmental impact (Defensie, 2015). One of the methods to reduce fossil fuel dependency of ships is to reduce their energy requirement. The operational profile of fast naval combatants for the RNLN requires that the ships operate on the diesel engines for 90 percent of the time, often in part load where the turbocharger cannot supply the engine with the right amount of charge air. This results in a limited operating envelope for the diesel engine, and a decreased efficiency in part load. However, in part load, advanced charge air configurations can potentially resolve this. In this study a Mean Value First Principle (MVFP) diesel engine was used to investigate the effects of advanced charge air configurations on the efficiency and acceleration performance of diesel engines in hybrid configurations aboard fast naval combatants. It was concluded that the application of advanced charge air configurations can significantly improve the engine efficiency in part load. For example, in a diesel hybrid propulsion configuration with power take-off this can lead to an efficiency increase of almost 10 percent at 20 percent load in comparison with a single charged engine. Furthermore, hybrid turbocharging enables extending the operating envelope at low engine speed due to a better air excess ratio. With these concepts therefore, both improved efficiency and improved acceleration performance can be achieved.
Evaluation of Electric-Turbo-Charging applied to Marine Diesel-Engines
Authors: Bucknall R , Suárez de la Fuente S , Szymko S , Bowers W , Sim A
Published: February 2019

Electro-Turbo-Compounding (ETC) is a system whereby energy contained in the hot gas of a diesel-engine exhaust is partially recovered through its conversion via a high-speed gas turbine driven alternator into electrical energy. ETC makes a diesel-engine system work more cleanly and effectively thereby improving power density and fuel efficiency. The technology is equally suited to new-build and retrofit applications. Applications to date have been extensive in the 150 kW – 2 MW range and the 10 MW – 20 MW but almost exclusive to shore-based power stations across the world. This paper reports on the progress of an Innovate UK funded project (2015-18) to develop ‘marinised’ units with partners UCL, Bowman Power Group Ltd., Lloyd’s Register and Rolls Royce PLC. With an expectation on the shipping industry (including naval ships) to reduce their carbon footprint the ETC is suitable for marine engineering application in those ships not easily able to use the conventional Rankine Cycle exhaust gas waste heat recovery system. The paper discussions include the design, modelling and practical testing approaches, results on performance for various arrangements for propulsion and electrical power, and importantly the integration challenge to ensure NOx Compliance and Certification. Within the paper discussion is also made about the financial aspects for propulsion and electric generation applications. The operating profile of different vessels gives different paybacks which are particularly favourable at times of rising fuel prices.
A Practical Ultrasonic Inspection Method for Detecting and Characterising Defects Found Within Composite Repairs
Authors: Downing J , Hook A
Published: February 2019

Two steel substrate test panels were developed to represent common plate thicknesses found on naval vessels and scanned using the Babcock developed ultrasonic technique. One sample comprised of a series of slotted surface breaking flaws of varying widths and through thicknesses to represent fracturing/cracking. The inspection method detected simulated cracking to a depth of 2mm and 0.5mm in width. The second sample included numerous loss of wall thickness areas of varying diameters and through thicknesses, with the smallest detectable loss of wall thickness being 0.1mm at a 15mm diameter. After proving confidence in detection, there was a need to characterise flaws to provide support and ascertain a repair action. Samples were produced that were subjected to either impact or heat exposure to induce realistic representative damage. The practical ultrasonic method was successfully used to independently characterise between the samples, with induced de-laminations caused by blisters, and multi layered matrix cracking caused by varying levels of projectile impacts, due to their unique morphology.
FAUSST – bridging the gap between steel and fibre reinforced materials
Authors: Molter L
Published: February 2019

For a variety of applications, such as shipbuilding or automotive, a variety of materials is used in order to meet certain design constraints or certification limitations. Within ship building for international waters, different design codes are distinguished for civil and naval use. While the SOLAS (safety of life at seas) ship code and the HSC (high speed craft) code have strict regulation in the use of composite materials, some naval rules enable such materials already leading to ship designs e.g. the Visby or Zumwalt class. However, the joining of multi-material structures remains challenging from a technical and regulative point of view. Composite materials aboard of ships has a variety of benefits, such as weight reduction, fuel reduction, increased corrosion resistance and the ability to use different innovative design solutions. Nevertheless, these benefits have to be pondered against the higher material and process costs. Moreover, strict design rules according to naval requirements, e.g. shock resistance, impact, etc. need to be met for the materials as well as their joints. The presented developments focus on one of the process challenges needed, being the joining of a steel structure and a composite material. Within the shipbuilding industry the preferred joining mechanism is welding, whereas other procedures such as bonding or riveting are complex in several manners, e.g. approval. To overcome this challenge FAUSST, a joint based on a hybrid knitted fabric, has been developed. This fabric is composed of steel and glass fibres in a way that a transition element is created, thereby effectively bridging both materials. It can be welded on one side to a metallic structure and integrated on the other side into a FRP. Depending on the design of the transition element loads of up to 240 kN per meter joint can be transferred in the presented design with an overlap length of only 10 mm. This transition element, therefore, may lead to more sophisticated designs using composite materials.
When will autonomous ships arrive? A technological forecasting perspective
Authors: Kooij C , Colling A P , Benson C L
Published: February 2019

Autonomous ships have received significant attention in recent years. However, they are not widely adopted in the maritime industry yet. A wide range of predictions have been made about when the technological change will occur. This paper analyses technologies that are critical to autonomous shipping and forecasts a range of times when they will reach technical and economic viability. The researched technologies are data transfer, navigation, cargo handling, fuel cells and diesel engines. The results indicate that the GPS precision required for autonomous mooring is not yet technically feasible and the expected feasibility time frame is between 2030 and 2058. The remaining technologies all show technological feasibility, but not yet economic viability. The forecasted range for economic viability of data transfer is a range of 2026-2041, while cost of automated cargo handling will reach the current expense levels somewhere between 2037 and 2101. Finally, the cost of a medium speed diesel engine and an LT-PEMFC Fuel Cell will be approximately equal somewhere between 2025 and 2060.
Is there a case for emulating a fish or other sea borne creatures for propulsion of underwater vehicles?
Authors: Rana R K , Johnson N , Dongare P , Barve S
Published: February 2019

Fish and other sea borne creatures have invoked interest in the minds of many professionals to study how they propel themselves in water and whether similar principles can be applied to the design of underwater vehicles. Adopting these principles for propulsion had been a challenge some decades ago, but with the current technological progress in robotics, design analysis, advanced computing, precision manufacturing, 3D printing, sensors, actuation, image processing etc have rekindled an interest in this field, especially in the Indian context. Moreover, with the thrust on development of unmanned autonomous systems, especially for the naval warfare, there is a case for looking at an efficient way to propel such vehicles that can stay underwater for a longer duration, move and navigate faster than those traditionally shaped and propelled by screw propellers or pump jets. This paper looks at some of the basics of fish locomotion; technology trends; examples of the current developments; benefits of emerging technologies, investigate performance of some basic shapes of caudal fin of fish with the help of modern analytical tools such as Computational Fluid Dynamics and the way ahead.
The Advanced Technology Corvette - Railgun (ATK-R) Design Study - Future Weapons and Small Ship Power Systems
Authors: Pawling R J , Farrier L , Bucknall R
Published: February 2019

High-power electric weapons, such as the ElectroMagnetic RailGun (EMRG), laser and High Power Microwave devices are moving closer to practical utilisation by navies, and prototype EMRG systems are being tested at militarily useful energy levels. Previous work in the UCL Department of Mechanical Engineering includes; preliminary design studies for surface combatants with an all electric weapons outfit; and detailed marine engineering analysis, to PhD level, of the implications for future power and propulsion systems of these weapons. Design studies for electrically armed ships have generally examined large destroyer-sized surface combatants, with significant installed electrical power. This paper describes a concept design study for a small corvette-sized combatant, ATK-R, developed as the “minimum sized ship” capable of supporting an EMRG as its primary armament This paper describes the UCL ZEOLIT design tool, the ship design impacts and marine engineering integration of this future concept including the use of Energy Storage Systems (ESS) and the choice between power limited (Patrol vessel -like) and power dense (Fast attack craft –like) power and propulsion systems.
Informing the power system performance envelope for pulse load operation
Authors: Mills K , Xiong J , Liu X , Venkatesh P
Published: February 2019

Future warship power systems may be subject to pulsed loads manifesting through emergent combat systems such as directed energy weapons, associated sensors and electronic warfare equipment.  The integration of combat system loads with the ship’s power system means that performance becomes intrinsically linked to combat effectiveness.  Hence, understanding the capability of the power system to service such loads is vital in ensuring the operator’s ability to fight the ship. This paper describes the challenge of pulse load integration from the perspective of the power system design authority.  Modelling and simulation has been employed to study the electrical response of a representative power system when subject to a range pulse load characteristics.  Subsequently, the effects of pulse loading are reviewed in terms of impact upon the prime mover. It is concluded that whilst electrical supply performance can be maintained within allowable power quality limits as defined by STANAG 1008, the mechanical effects can be to the detriment of engine life, highlighting key recommendations to understand both electrical and mechanical performance envelope in design for integration.
Energy Storage Design Considerations for an MVDC Power System
Authors: Rashkin L J , Neely J C , Wilson D G , Glover S F , Doerry N , Markle S , McCoy T J
Published: February 2019

As part of the U.S. Navy’s continued commitment to protecting U.S. interests at home and abroad, the Navy is investing in the development of new technologies that broaden U.S. warship capabilities and maintain U.S. naval superiority. In particular, NAVSEA is supporting the development of power systems technologies that help the Navy realize an all-electric warship. It is recognized that a challenge to fielding an all-electric power system architecture includes minimizing the size of energy storage systems while maintaining the response times necessary to support potential pulsed loads. This work explores the trade-off between energy storage requirements (i.e. size and weight) and performance (i.e. bandwidth and storage) in the context of a power system architecture that meets the needs of the US Navy. To compare energy storage technologies and appropriately size them, it is necessary to specify size and weight requirements and thus consider the energy density of the technology in Wh/kg and specific power density in W/kg. The modelled time domain behaviour for different load types and control delays were used to determine technology and sizing requirements by comparing the total energy and maximum power used in the simulation to a Ragone plot. Simulation results based on operational vignettes were used to identify a range of specific power and energy densities that will meet system requirements. Potential energy storage sizing can be determined by approximating where a selected technology intersects with the energy and power requirements of the system. Another major component necessary to determine energy storage technology is the frequency domain behaviour of the system. In this work, the energy storage control bandwidth is evaluated in simulation for different loading scenarios, and a trade-off between size/weight and response bandwidth is illustrated.
International Naval Safety Association - The First 10 Years
Authors: Overfield N , McKay J
Published: February 2019

Over the last 10 years and in response to a request from NATO's Ship Design Capability Group the International Navy Safety Association (INSA) - a team of international Navies and Classification Societies  - has been developing and has now published a safety code for warships, known as the Naval Ship Code and published as ANEP 77. The Code is now used by navies to inform procurement plans and by Classification Societies to benchmark their naval ship rules and Classification Services. This paper will celebrate and discuss the Code's development, discuss its use on a number of recent warship projects to examine both technical and practical application aspects, and the future plans for the Code. It will also present the other activities of INSA and invite participation from conference attendees in the work programme of INSA.
Preferensi Rencana Penggunaan Angkutan Laut Kapal Cepat Padang - Kepulauan Mentawai
Authors: Siswoyo Bambang , Kurniawan Abdy
Published: February 2019

Kepulauan Mentawai merupakan sebuah wilayah administratif yang kondisi geografisnya merupakanwilayah kepulauan sehingga peranan angkutan laut dalam menunjang mobilitas penduduk sangatpenting. Keterbatasan jumlah armada serta kondisi kapal yang memerlukan perawatan secara berkala menjadi penyebab terhambatnya angkutan laut Padang-Kepulauan Mentawai, salah satu alternatifnya penggunaan kapal cepat. Rencana penggunaan kapal cepat Padang-Kepulauan Mentawai, harus memperhitungkan secara cermat terkait dengan kondisi wilayah, kondisi kapal yang ada, harga tiket, jadwal operasi, kondisi cuaca yang kurang bersahabat, dan lain-lain. Selanjutnya untuk mengetahui preferensi pengguna jasa kapal dalam memberikan opini rencana penggunaan kapal cepat maka dilakukan Analitic Hierarkhi Proces (AHP), berdasarkan hasil analisis untuk preferensi pemilihan jenis kapal untuk waktu tempuh yang relatif singkat untuk penyeberangan Padang-Mentawai pengoperasian kapal cepat tetap diperlukan walaupun dari prioritas utama responden merujuk ke penggunaan kapal ferry. Pengoperasian kapal cepat dibutuhkan sebagai antisipasi terhadap kekosongan jadwal reguler kapal ferry, dan waktu tertentu serta sebagai antisipasi terhadap kondisi darurat, misalnya bencana alam. Kondisi jalur pelayaran antara Padang-Mentawai termasuk rawan, maka faktor keselamatan merupakan prioritas yang harus diutamakan oleh operator kapal cepat khususnya dari pihak swasta.
Evaluasi Pemenuhan Standar Trotoar Di Central Business District (Studi Kasus Kota Bandung)
Authors: Fitriani Evy
Published: February 2019

Pertumbuhan pejalan kaki meningkat terutama di daerah pusat perekonomian atau perbelanjaan Central Business District, (CBD). Pejalan kaki menuntut disediakannya prasarana utama dengan jalurpejalan kaki tersendiri dan fasilitas pendukungnya. Pengembangan fasilitas perlu terus dilakukan untuk mencapai kondisi yang diharapkan oleh pejalan kaki, yaitu situasi aman, nyaman, lancar dan ekonomis. Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah memberi rekomendasi Pemanfaatan trotoar di Central Business district di Kota Bandung yang sesuai dengan pedoman yang sudah ada. Berdasarkan analisis metode observasi di lapangan, bahwa pemanfaatan trotoar di ruas jalan Kota Bandung masih dapat dikatakan belum sesuai dengan standar pemanfaatan trotoar pada umumnya, yaitu masih banyaknya permintaan dari para pengendara motor untuk menjadikan trotoar sebagai lahan parkiryang disebabkan tarif parkir di kawasan bisnis tersebut masih dirasakan cukup mahal dibandingkan dengan tarif parkir di trotoar dan masih adanya pedagang yang berjualan di trotoar dengan alasan tempat berdagang mereka di trotoar dekat dengan pembeli, sehingga dikhawatirkan jika mereka pindah ke tempat lain maka tidak akan ada pembeli.
Penerapan Standar Kompetensi Bidang Port Security Untuk Peningkatan Pelayanan Pelabuhan (Studi Kasus Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak)
Authors: Malisan Johny
Published: February 2019

UU Nomor 17 Tahun 2008 tentang Pelayaran Pasal 261menekankan penyelenggaraan dan pengembangan sumber daya manusia di bidang pelayaran bertujuan untuk menyediakan sumber daya manusia yang profesional, kompeten, disiplin, dan bertanggung jawab serta memenuhi standar nasional dan internasional.Terkait dengan hal tersebut, penelitian ini menyangkut standar kompetensi bidang Port Security yang dilaksanakan Februari-April 2014, di Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak Surabaya. Standar kompetensi adalah kemampuan menyelesaikan suatu tugas yang dilandasi oleh pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan perilaku yang seharusnya dimiliki dan di kuasai sesuai dengan tugas pokok dan fungsinya sebagai tenaga profesional. Oleh karena itu, standar kompetensi kerja nasional diperlukan untuk memberikan jaminan kemampuan SDM Indonesia untuk mampu bersaing dengan negara lain. Untuk mendukung penerapan standar kompetensi dibidang port security, penulis menggunakan metode scenario planning dalam rangkameningkatkan pelayanan Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak. Dengan metode ini, dapat diketahui bahwa driving force sebagai pemicu perlunya penerapan standar kompetensi adalah peningkatan pembinaan SDM yang diperlukan untuk mewujudkan profesionalisme pelaksanaan tugas sesuai peraturan internasional bidang keamanan (International ship and port-facility/ISPS COde) dan standar khusus yang diperlukan sebagai konsekuensi peningkatan kompetensi kerja sesuai tuntutan pengguna jasa.
Evaluasi Kualitas Jasa Pelabuhan Daratan (Dry Port) (Studi Kasus : Cikarang Dry Port)
Authors: Nuraeni Nuraeni , Adrianto Luky , Sukardi Sukardi
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas pelayanan dan strategi pemasaran yang diterapkan oleh dry port (studi kasus: Cikarang Dry Port). Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis Importance Performance Analysis (IPA), Kuadran Importance Performance Grid, Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI), dan Analisis GAP untuk mencari kualitas pelayanannya. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti juga mencobamerumuskan strategi perusahaan dalam rangka meningkatkan penggunaan jasa dry port, dengan metode Matrik IFE dan EFE, Matriks Internal-Eksternal, Matriks TOWS atau SWOT, hingga Quantitative Stategic Planning Matriks (QSPM). Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan diketahui Customer Satisfaction Index di Dry Port Cikarang sebesar 71,85%. Dari 33 variabel pertanyaan Importance Performance Grid didapatkan ada 9 variabel pada kuadran 1, 9 variabel pada kuadran 2, 10 variabel pada kuadran 3, dan 5 variabel pada kuadran 4. Hasil perhitungan Matrik Internal-Eksternal didapatkan posisi stategi beada posisi 1 atau cocok dengan tumbuh kembang. Sedangkan untuk Matriks TOWS atau SWOT berada pada strategi Threats-Weakness (TW). Berdasarkan perhitungan QSPM dalam penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa alternatif terbaik dalam meningkatkan penggunaandry port oleh pengguna jasa (freigt forwarde/EMKL) adalah melakukan promosi yang besar-besaran.
PERANCANGAN FILTER PASIF SEBAGAI PEREDAM HARMONIK YANG MEMPENGARUHI KINERJA GENERATOR SINKRON 3 FASE
Authors: Kriswantoro Zakharia Fanny , Irianto Chairul Gagarin
Published: February 2019

Most people these days uses light emitting diode (LED) as their daily lighting. However, LED lights is a nonlinear load, which can introduce current or voltage harmonics. The characteristic of the current total harmonic distortion (THD) at the load can be obtained by measuring the load current at the LEDs that produce harmonics. Testing circuit, starting from generation using 3 phase synchronize generator to the LED load, was designed. Self-designed passive filter was used to reduce the harmonics according to the IEEE 512-1992 standard. The results show that the passive filter can reduce the harmonic current, indicate by decreasing individual harmonic distortion (IHD) and THD value. Filter on the 3rd order with balanced load can reduce current IHD to 3.81% (R), 8.87% (S), 4.11% (T). Filter on the 5th order can reduce current IHD to 7.43% (R), 8.45% (S), 7.32% (T). The current THD can be reduced to 10.23% (R), 10.95% (S), 9.42% (T). Filter on the 3rd order with unbalanced load can reduce current IHD to 9.83% (R), 4.03% (S), 7.66% (T). Filter on the 5th order can reduce current IHD to 6.12% (R), 3.56% (S), 5.89% (T). The current THD can be reduced to 10.87% (R), 5.24% (S), 9.26% (T).Penggunaan light emitting diode (LED) sebagai lampu penerangan sangat diminati oleh sebagian besar masyarakat akhir-akhir ini. Namun, LED termasuk salah satu beban nonlinier yang dapat menimbulkan suatu gangguan listrik bolak balik berupa arus maupun tegangan dengan gelombang distorsi yang disebut harmonik. Karakteristik total harmonic distortion (THD) arus pada beban dapat diketahui dengan melakukan pengukuran terhadap beban LED penghasil harmonik. Pada penelitian ini dibuat rangkaian, mulai dari pembangkitan menggunakan generator sinkron 3 fase sampai pada beban LED, dan dilakukan pengujian di laboratorium. Filter pasif yang dirancang sendiri digunakan untuk meredam harmonik sesuai standar IEEE 519-1992. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa filter pasif yang dipasang dapat meredam harmonik arus sehingga nilai individual harmonic distortion (IHD) dan total harmonic distortion (THD) berkurang. Dalam keadaan beban seimbang, filter pada orde 3 dapat meredam IHD arus menjadi 3,81% (R), 8,87% (S), 4,11% (T). Filter pada orde 5 dapat meredam IHD arus menjadi 7,43% (R), 8,45% (S), 7,32% (T). THD arus dapat diredam menjadi 10,23% (R), 10,95% (S), 9,42% (T). Dalam keadaan beban tidak seimbang filter pada orde 3 dapat meredam IHD arus menjadi 9,83% (R), 4,03% (S), 7,66% (T). Filter pada orde 5 dapat meredam IHD arus menjadi 6,12% (R), 3,56% (S), 5,89% (T). THD arus dapat diredam menjadi 10,87% (R), 5,24% (S), 9,26% (T).
MODEL PENGISIAN PULSA LISTRIK KWH METER DENGAN SMART CARD
Authors: Siregar Riki Ruli A. , Sikumbang Hengki , Pasaribu Rio Jefri
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this study is to make an electric pulses top-up model with a smart card as an alternative to fill in the digit number from the voucher into the prepaid electricity meter which is currently done manually. Using a smart card in a prepaid electricity meter can reduce the error rate when entering a token number. This application can also detect how much energy is used, store in the database, and can determine the category of pulses use in the kWh meter, as well as help users know the use of electricity that is classified as saving, normal, and wasteful. The system was designed with Vb.net and MySql programs. The results are an electric pulse top-up model based on a smart card for prepaid electricity meter, and an application that stores a history of the use of electrical energy used in determining the electricity usage category.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat model pengisian pulsa listrik dengan smart card (kartu pintar) sebagai alternatif pengisian nomor digit ke dalam meteran listrik prabayar yang saat ini dilakukan secara manual. Pemanfaatan smart card sebagai pengganti nomor token dalam meteran listrik prabayar dapat membantu mengurangi tingkat kesalahan pada saat memasukkan nomor token. Aplikasi ini juga dapat mendeteksi berapa besar energi yang terpakai, menyimpan dalam database, dan dapat menentukan kategori pemakaian pulsa pada kWh listrik, serta membantu pengguna mengetahui pemakaian listrik yang tergolong dalam hemat, normal dan boros. Sistem dirancang dengan program Vb.net dan MySql. Hasil yang didapatkan berupa model pengisian pulsa pada meteran listrik prabayar berbasis kartu pintar dan aplikasi untuk menyimpan riwayat pemakaian energi listrik yang digunakan dalam penentuan kategori pemakaian listrik.
PROTOTIPE PENGUKUR TINGGI, BERAT, DAN SUHU BADAN BERBASIS ARDUINO UNO DAN LABVIEW
Authors: Patty Gamal Centaury , Julian Engelin Shintadewi
Published: February 2019

In this paper, the design of integrated height, weight, and body temperature measurement device based on Arduino Uno and LabVIEW with targeted error less than 1% is reported. Ultrasonic sensor HC-SRF04 is used to measure height, a load cell sensor is used to measure weight, and LM35 sensor is used to measure body temperature. This device is controlled by Arduino Uno board and is equipped with 2 x 40 LCD, as well as PC/HMI with LabVIEW software to display the measurement results in the form of graphics. The measurement’s result can be saved as a Ms. Access database. The test result shows that the device works well indicated by less than 1% average error and less than 0.447 standard deviation value.Pada makalah ini disampaikan hasil perancangan prototipe pengukur tinggi, berat, dan suhu badan yang terintegrasi berbasis Arduino Uno dan LabVIEW. Prototipe dirancang dengan target error kurang dari 1%. Sensor-sensor yang digunakan pada prototipe adalah sensor ultrasonik HC-SRF04 untuk mengukur tinggi badan, sensor load cell untuk mengukur berat badan, dan sensor LM35 untuk mengukur suhu badan. Sebagai pengendali  digunakan board Arduino Uno. Selain itu, alat ini dilengkapi dengan LCD 2 x 40 dan PC/HMI dengan software LabVIEW untuk menampilkan hasil pengukuran dalam bentuk grafik. Hasil pengukuran dapat disimpan pada database Ms. Access. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa prototipe bekerja dengan baik sesuai rancangan. Hasil pengukuran tinggi, berat, dan suhu badan menunjukkan bahwa alat ukur bekerja dengan baik yang ditunjukkan dengan error rata-rata kurang dari 1% dan standar deviasi kurang dari 0,447.
ANALISIS ARC FLASH 6,3 KV PT HOLCIM INDONESIA TBK. BOGOR, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Sugiharto Juliansyah Kennedy , Abduh Syamsir
Published: February 2019

Protection system is a safety system on electrical equipment in case of interference. One of the electrical hazards is the arc flash. According to IEEE 1584-2002 arc flash is a blast of heat, hot gas, and liquid metal caused by short circuit interference on the equipment. There are 3 cases of arc flash that occurred in PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk. Bogor, West Java. The aim of this research is to find out the amount of arc flash energy in accordance with IEEE 1584-2002 standard, to know how much the energy, and also to classify Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) category for the workers according to NFPA 70E-2009 standard. This study was applied to the 5th mill finishing area at PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk. Bogor, West Java. The results showed on the area of the Finish Mill 5 the value of the energy incident is 16.92 cal/cm2 on BUS MD-1, 1.39 cal/cm2 on BUS RM-1, 1.35 cal/cm2 on BUS FN-2, 2.17 cal/cm2 on BUS TR-71, 1.41 cal/cm2 on BUS TR-72, and 1.34 cal/cm2 on  BUS TR-73. Sistem proteksi merupakan suatu sistem pengaman pada peralatan listrik jika terjadi gangguan. Salah satu bahaya listrik  adalah  arc flash. Menurut IEEE 1584-2002 arc flash merupakan ledakan panas, gas panas, dan logam cair yang diakibatkan oleh gangguan hubung singkat (short circuit) pada peralatan. Terdapat 3 kasus arc flash  yang terjadi di PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk. Bogor, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besar energi arc flash yang sesuai dengan standar IEEE 1584-2002, untuk mengetahui besar energi serta mengklasifikasi kategori Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) bagi pekerja sesuai dengan standar NFPA 70E-2009. Studi ini diterapkan  pada area Finish Mill 5 pada PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk. Bogor, Jawa Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada area Finish Mill 5 nilai insiden energinya yaitu  16,92 kal/cm2 pada BUS MD-1, 1,39 kal/cm2 pada BUS RM-1, 1,35 kal/cm2 pada BUS FN-2, 2,17 kal/cm2 pada BUS TR-71, 1,41 kal/cm2 pada BUS TR-72, dan 1,34 kal/cm2 pada BUS TR-73.
PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA DE ENFERMEIROS BRASILEIROS SOBRE ENFERMAGEM E ONCOLOGIA: REVISÃO NARRATIVA DA LITERATURA
Authors: Rolim Dulcemar Siqueira , Arboit Éder Luís , Kaefer Cristina Thum , Marisco Nara da Silva , Ely Gabriela Zenatti , Arboit Jaqueline
Published: February 2019

O câncer possui inúmeras implicações epidemiológicas, sociais e econômicas para o paciente e sua família. Diante desse panorama, é crescente a necessidade de profissionais qualificados para desenvolverem a assistência aos pacientes com câncer, dentre os quais se encontra o enfermeiro. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer o que tem sido produzido por enfermeiros brasileiros sobre enfermagem e oncologia. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura. O levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado em dezembro de 2016 na base de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online – MEDLINE, por meio da estratégia de busca “Enfermagem” AND “Oncologia”. Inicialmente, foram encontrados 2.245 estudos, dos quais 14 compuseram o corpus da revisão. Os estudos sobre enfermagem e oncologia versavam sobre o manuseio da dor, terapias complementares, saúde do homem, cuidados paliativos e assistência domiciliar e oncologia pediátrica. Sendo o envelhecimento um fator para o desenvolvimento do câncer, nenhum artigo falou sobre o câncer no paciente idoso o que demonstra uma lacuna quanto à abordagem da temática com essa população.
SAÚDE DO HOMEM: IDENTIFICAÇÃO E ANÁLISE DOS FATORES RELACIONADOS À PROCURA, OU NÃO, DOS SERVIÇOS DE ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA
Authors: Carneiro Viviane Santos Mendes , Adjuto Raphael Neiva Praça , Alves Kelly Aparecida Palma
Published: February 2019

Identificar e analisar os fatores que dificultam a procura dos serviços de Atenção Primária relatados pela população masculina. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa. As informações foram coletadas por meio de aplicação de questionário estruturado com perguntas objetivas e subjetivas para 384 homens com idade entre 18 e 59 anos. Identificou-se a participação majoritária (33,85%) de indivíduos com idade entre 18 e 24 anos. A visão dos entrevistados acerca de sua saúde e gênero foi de que o homem é mais resistente, forte e invulnerável. Os principais motivos impeditivos relacionados a não procura dos serviços de Atenção Primária foram: preferência por se automedicar, falta de tempo, e desconforto dentro da Unidade Básica de Saúde. A entrada dos homens no sistema de saúde, no ano anterior à pesquisa, ocorreu principalmente pela atenção ambulatorial e hospitalar de média e alta complexidade (62,2%). Para a adoção da Atenção Primária como porta de entrada dos homens no Sistema Único de saúde, é preciso mudar a visão de que os serviços de saúde têm como único propósito tratar as doenças. Essa sensibilização deve começar mediante conhecimento sobre as características sociais, econômicas e culturais dos homens que receberão a atenção à saúde, além do preparo da equipe de saúde e gestores, seguido pelo acolhimento e busca ativa dessa população.
MP Finance Group CC (In Liquidation) v C: SARS: Adding to the financial hardship of victims of illegal transactions
Authors: Venter J MP , Uys W R , Van Dyk M C
Published: February 2019

This article analyses the interpretation of the phrase â€œreceived by, accrued to or in favour ofâ€ in the gross income definition of the Income Tax Act, as applied to illegal receipts. During the last few decades, South Africans have been victims of a number of Ponzi-type schemes. In MP Finance,1 the Supreme Court of Appeal considered whether illegal receipts received by the Krion Ponzi-type scheme should be included in gross income. After considering the relationship between the taxpayer and the fiscus, the court concluded that, as from a specified juncture, the taxpayer received the amount for its own benefit and it should therefore be included in gross income. The court recognised that the contractual relationship between the investor and the scheme (taxpayer) could in fact be void, resulting in the investor having a right to recover the investment from the taxpayer. The court did not consider whether the levying of income tax on amounts received by the operator of the scheme could infringe on the investorâ€™s right to property espoused under the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. It is submitted that the levying of tax does infringe on this right as it reduces the amount that could be recovered from the scheme because the original investment in the scheme is void.
HDV/AIDS awareness among young people and their sexual behaviour
Authors: Khryanin A. A. , Reshetnikov O. V. , Shpiks T. A. , Russkih M. V. , Kovalenko G. A. , Marinkin I. O.
Published: February 2019

This article presents the results of a survey carried out among 1,427 Novosibirsk university students (medical, engineering and humanities specializations) with the purpose of assessing their awareness concerning the prevention of HIV and STIs, as well as risky sexual behaviour. The level of knowledge about HIV is shown to be rather high among Novosibirsk university students. However, an insufficient level of awareness concerning rare HIV transmission routes is identified. In addition, the respondents are found to adhere to out-of-date views concerning HIV patients. Female respondents in this age group tend to trust their regular partner, thus neglecting preventive measures. More than half of the respondents have a positive attitude towards using a condom during sexual intercourse.
Cystoid Macular Edema Secondary to Paclitaxel Therapy
Authors: Folgar Anibal Martin , Zarate Jorge Oscar
Published: February 2019

We present a 57-year-old referred reduced visual acuity who was in treatment with paclitaxel for developing metastatic breast adenocarcinoma. Ophthalmoscopic examination, optical coherence tomography, and autofluorescence show the cystoid macular edema, but fluorescein angiography is normal, without leakage of dye in the late times. The patient responds well 8 weeks after stopping antineoplastic. Paclitaxel can cause cystoid macular edema and lifting a recovery both anatomical and functional of the macula.
Análise das Manifestações Patológicas Em Bancos Pré-moldados da Avenida Boa Viagem
Authors: Burle Lobo Santos Eduardo Carvalho , Pires Sobri Carlos Wellington De Azevedo
Published: February 2019

O contato de peças de concreto armado com a névoa salinas é, as vezes, inevitável, porém devemos seguir as normas de modo a minimizar e/ou até anular as probabilidade de proliferação de manifestações de modo a ampliar a vida útil das Peças. A partir disso veio a curiosidade de verificar o por que  das manifestações patológicas atuantes e com os resultados em mãos fazer uma analogia junto as normas para verificar os cumprimentos das mesmas. No nosso estudo foram feitos ensaios para verificação de corrosão de armaduras, tanto com a utilização da Fenoftaléina, para profundidade de Carbonatação, quanto o Nitrato de Prata , para visualizar a presença de Cloretos Livres. A partir dos ensaios identificou que o agente causador da corrosão foram os Cloretos. Também foi visto que as peças não foram produzidas de acordo à norma, pois utilizou um recobrimento de 2,0cm, ao invés dos 4,5cm, normatizado, o que fez com que os agentes nocivos cheguem com um tempo mais curto de modo a reduzir a vida útil da peça e necessitar de substituição.