bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visual Prompt Selection Framework for Real-Time Object Detection and Interactive Segmentation in Augmented Reality Applications
Authors: Song Eungyeol , Oh Doeun , Oh Beom-Seok
Published: November 2024

This study presents a novel visual prompt selection framework for augmented reality (AR) applications that integrates advanced object detection and image segmentation techniques. The framework is designed to enhance user interactions and improve the accuracy of foreground–background separation in AR environments, making AR experiences more immersive and precise. We evaluated six state-of-the-art object detectors (DETR, DINO, CoDETR, YOLOv5, YOLOv8, and YOLO-NAS) in combination with a prompt segmentation model using the DAVIS 2017 validation dataset. The results show that the combination of YOLO-NAS-L and SAM achieved the best performance with a J&F score of 70%, while DINO-scale4-swin had the lowest score of 57.5%. This 12.5% performance gap highlights the significant contribution of user-provided regions of interest (ROIs) to segmentation outcomes, emphasizing the importance of interactive user input in enhancing accuracy. Our framework supports fast prompt processing and accurate mask generation, allowing users to refine digital overlays interactively, thereby improving both the quality of AR experiences and overall user satisfaction. Additionally, the framework enables the automatic detection of moving objects, providing a more efficient alternative to traditional manual selection interfaces in AR devices. This capability is particularly valuable in dynamic AR scenarios, where seamless user interaction is crucial.
Deforestation and Forest Degradation Detection in the Brazilian Amazon: A Comparative Analysis of Two Areas and Their Conservation Units
Authors: Lopes Danielle Nogueira , Tsuyuki Satoshi
Published: November 2024

This study analyzed land use and land cover (LULC) changes to identify the levels of deforestation and forest degradation in two locations in the Amazon rainforest and their conservation units. Using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and object-based image classification, yearly LULC maps were created from 2018 to 2023. Disturbances were then quantified by Primary Forest conversions. This study revealed a gain of around 22,362 ha in Secondary Forest areas in Manaus and 29,088 ha in Agriculture/Pastureland in Porto Velho within the study period. Differing yearly rates of deforestation and degradation were detected between the areas, with agriculture/pastureland expansion being observed as the primary driver of forest loss. State and federal units showed the largest conversion of primary to Secondary Forest, while state units experienced the most conversion to non-forest areas. Sustainable use units and buffer zones were particularly impacted by these disturbances. These findings suggest that factors beyond environmental policies contribute to these outcomes, highlighting the importance of understanding local contexts. Comparing areas with varying degradation levels provides insights into the effectiveness of restoration and conservation efforts.
Effects of CO2 Aeration and Light Supply on the Growth and Lipid Production of a Locally Isolated Microalga, Chlorella variabilis RSM09
Authors: Chantarasiri Aiya , Ungwiwatkul Sunisa
Published: November 2024

The Chlorophyceae algae, specifically Chlorella spp., have been extensively researched for biodiesel production. This study focused on the alga Chlorella variabilis RSM09, which was isolated from a brackish-water environment at Raksamae Bridge in Klaeng District, Rayong Province, Thailand. The effects of the carbon dioxide gas (CO2) concentration (0.03%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% v/v), light intensity (3000, 5000, and 7000 Lux), and photoperiod (12:12, 18:6, and 24:0 h L/D) on algal growth and lipid production were investigated. The results indicated that C. variabilis RSM09 achieved optimal growth under 20% v/v CO2 aeration, with an optical density of approximately 2.91 ± 0.27, a biomass concentration of 1.32 ± 0.14 g/L, and a lipid content of 21.96 ± 0.29% (wt.). Among the three different light intensities, higher optical density (4.20 ± 0.14), biomass (1.79 ± 0.25 g/L), and lipid content (20.75 ± 2.0% wt.) were at the 5000 Lux of light intensity. Additionally, the photoperiod of 24:0 h (L/D) produced the highest biomass at 1.86 ± 0.21 g/L, followed by the 18:6 h light/dark photoperiod with a biomass of 1.65 ± 0.17 g/L, and the 12:12 h light/dark photoperiod with 1.35 ± 0.43 g/L. In contrast, the 18:6 h L/D photoperiod yielded a higher lipid concentration of 25.22 ± 2.06% (wt.) compared to the others. All cultured microalgae showed significant effects on fatty acid composition. Palmitic (16:0), linoleic (C18:2), and linolenic (C18:3) acids were predominant in C. variabilis RSM09 under all photoperiods. This study exhibited that the microalga C. variabilis RSM09 has great potential as a feedstock for biodiesel production.
Impact of Urban Surfaces on Microclimatic Conditions and Thermal Comfort in Burdur, Türkiye
Authors: Zhang Maomao , Yiğit İlker , Adigüzel Fatih , Hu Chunguang , Chen Enqing , Siyavuş Ahmet Emrah , Elmastaş Necmettin , Ustuner Mustafa , Kaya Aşır Yüksel
Published: November 2024

Rapid urbanization worldwide offers numerous benefits but also introduces challenges, particularly concerning urban climate comfort, which affects the physical and social well-being in cities. This study examined the microclimatic characteristics of the Burç neighborhood in the historical core of Burdur city, using ENVI-Met models with temperature, relative humidity, wind and PET data collected over a 33,665 m2 area at 06:00, 09:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00 and 21:00 on 15 August 2023. The analysis revealed that thermal comfort decreases significantly from 09:00 onwards, especially on hard surfaces like asphalt, concrete and parquet, which lack vegetation and intensify heat retention. By contrast, green areas were found to enhance bioclimatic comfort by reducing perceived temperatures by up to 20% in shaded and vegetated zones. Based on these findings, it is recommended that urban areas reduce heat-absorbing materials, such as asphalt and concrete and prioritize green spaces in landscape planning to improve thermal comfort and create more sustainable urban environments.
Computational Algebra, Coding Theory, and Cryptography: Theory and Applications
Authors: Bordbar Hashem
Published: November 2024

The primary aim of this Special Issue is to explore innovative encoding and decoding procedures that leverage various algebraic structures to enhance error-control coding techniques [...]
Bounded Rationality in Study Time Allocation: Evidence Based on Risky Choice Framing Effects
Authors: Xu Hui , Gao Yuanxia , Xiao Qian , Li Nan , Chu Yue , Li Xiuya , Tang Weihai , Liu Xiping
Published: November 2024

When allocating study time for the English sections of the National College Entrance Examination or the Postgraduate Entrance Examination, learners often encounter value-test likelihood trade-offs, where questions of similar difficulty may have different points and different likelihoods of being tested. This research explored how individuals allocated study time and whether this process exhibited bounded rationality by examining the risky choice framing effects in study time allocation. The research set up two types of items: 1-point items with a 90% likelihood and 9-point items with a 10% likelihood. Each type of item had the same test likelihood but was expressed in different framings. For the 90% likelihood items, the test framing emphasized that they had a 90% likelihood of being tested. Meanwhile, the non-test framing emphasized that they had a 10% likelihood of not being tested. A total of 41 college students participated in the study, and they were allowed to self-regulate their study time for each type of item. The results showed that learners’ study time allocation differed under the two equivalent framings. This indicates that the process of study time allocation is not completely rational, but is rather boundedly rational, which is inconsistent with the expected utility theory.
The Toxic Masculinity Scale: Development and Initial Validation
Authors: Sanders Steven Michael , Garcia-Aguilera Claudia , Borgogna Nicholas C. , Sy John Richmond T. , Comoglio Gianna , Schultz Olivia A. M. , Goldman Jacqueline
Published: November 2024

The present study sought to develop and validate the Toxic Masculinity Scale (TMS). Following scale development best practices, a thorough review of the literature and existing measures was conducted. Next, a qualitative inquiry using a grounded theory approach was employed to develop a data-driven definition of toxic masculinity and 165 proposed instrument items. These items were reviewed and modified with input from content experts (N = 6). The initial 108 items were administered to a preliminary sample (N = 683) of U.S. White undergraduate men. Exploratory factor analysis indicated a five-factor structure (i.e., Masculine Superiority, Gender Rigidity, Emotional Restriction, Repressed Suffering, Domination and Desire). Item analysis yielded a 35-item five factor survey that was administered to a second novel sample (N = 408) of White undergraduate men. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated inadequate fit for the 35-item scale; however, fit was improved by reducing scale length to 28 items loading onto 4 factors (removal of the Domination and Desire factor). Internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and discriminant validity were explored with this sample. The TMS28 demonstrated strong positive correlations with related measures (e.g., CMNI, MRNI) and a strong negative correlation with a diametrically opposed measure (i.e., LFAIS). Additionally, the TMS28 demonstrated strong adequate internal consistency for the scale overall (α = 0.93) and for the four subscales (i.e., α = 0.87–0.94). Future directions and implications for the instrument are discussed.
Digital Twins in the Sustainable Construction Industry
Authors: Zahedi Foad , Alavi Hamidreza , Majrouhi Sardroud Javad , Dang Hongtao
Published: November 2024

Digital Twin (DT) technology, as the evolution of Building Information Modeling (BIM), has emerged to address global concerns regarding the environmental impacts of the construction industry and to meet sustainability indicators. Despite numerous studies targeting the integration of DT and sustainability, there is a noticeable gap in creating a comprehensive overview of the efforts and future directions in this field. Therefore, this research aims to provide both a scientometric analysis and a thematic review of 235 papers extracted from the Scopus database. These papers, all published between 2017 and 2024, focus on previous efforts, current trends, and future directions of using the Digital Twin for construction sustainability. In addition, 34 papers that were cited more than 20 times were classified by the application into four categories: simulation, technology integration, smart systems, and literature review. Furthermore, regarding the application of smart systems in sustainability, the authors discussed applications of BIM-DT in smart construction, smart buildings, smart infrastructures, and smart cities based on the most-cited papers. Subsequently, five research gaps were identified and suggested for future investigation. The research gives a holistic insight into the current trend of DT among researchers, previous achievements, and future directions.
Numerical Simulation of Nuclear Power Plant Pile Foundation Damage Under Earthquake Action
Authors: Xia Feng , Qi Wenhao , Jing Liping , Wang Zhan , Lu Xinyu
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the pile foundation of a nuclear power plant situated on medium-soft soil. It employs an improved viscoelastic artificial boundary unit to accurately simulate the boundary conditions of the calculation area. The research utilizes a constitutive model of concrete damage plasticity for the pile foundation and an equivalent linearized model for the soil layer. Through large-scale shaking table experiments and numerical simulations, we explore the internal force distribution within the nuclear power structure’s pile foundation and assess the extent of the damage. The results indicate that damage primarily occurs in the medium-soft ground, concentrating in the upper part of the pile and affecting the entire cross-section. Subsequent numerical analyses were conducted after reinforcing the soil layer around the top of the pile. The findings demonstrate that this reinforcement leads to a more uniform and rational distribution of internal forces along the pile, significantly reducing damage. Notably, there is no severe damage extending across the entire cross-section after reinforcement. This outcome highlights the potential for improving the force distribution in the pile foundations of nuclear power structures through appropriate soil layer reinforcement. The insights gained from this study provide valuable guidance for the seismic design of nuclear power structures.
Evaluating the Future Effectiveness of Cooling Strategies in Subtropical Terrace Houses Under Climate Change
Authors: Lin Chang , Huang Jun
Published: November 2024

Due to increasing overheating risk from the global warming, it is crucial to evaluate building performance, especially that of a subtropical terrace house with limited façade exposure, to ensure its future livability. The effectiveness of current cooling strategies has not yet been thoroughly analyzed by considering specific zone position in a terrace house and varying future weather scenarios in existing studies. This study quantifies livability of six typical zones in two types of terrace houses employing two cooling strategies during summer under historical and future weather scenarios. It considers two key outputs: annual heat discomfort hours and cooling Energy Use Intensity (EUI). Additionally, a global sensitivity analysis using Standard Regression Coefficients (SRCs) identifies the key variables. The results indicate that the future annual cooling EUI is projected to increase by around 150 kWh/m2, with discomfort hours reaching 80% during summertime. Furthermore, window-to-wall ratio, total length, and solar heat gain coefficients (SHGCs) of windows significantly reduce cooling EUI by 50–165 kWh/m2. However, most input variables have a minimal impact on heat discomfort hours, resulting only in a 0.7–7.2% reduction. This study provides an analytical framework for assessing the future livability and sustainability of subtropical terrace houses, facilitating the development of robust strategies during the early design stage.
Assessment of Health-Oriented Layout and Perceived Density in High-Density Public Residential Areas: A Case Study of Shenzhen
Authors: Cui Guangxun , Wang Menghan , Fan Yue , Xue Fei , Chen Huanhui
Published: November 2024

Rapid urbanization has intensified public housing development and building density, posing significant challenges to residents’ well-being and urban sustainability. With the population of the Greater Bay Area on the rise, enhancing the spatial quality of public housing is now essential. The study proposed a quantitative framework to evaluate the relationship between the residential design elements and perceived density in high-density public housing neighborhoods. It employed a virtual reality perception experiment to analyze the relationship between significant spatial indicators and perceived density by investigating 16 high-density residential layout models in 3 configurations: Tower-Enclosed, Balanced Slab-Enclosed, and Staggered Slab-Enclosed. The results indicate that: (1) greater building height intensifies perceived density, leading to sensations of overcrowding and discomfort; (2) an increased sky ratio mitigates perceived density, fostering a more open and pleasant environment; (3) recessed residential facades enhance residents’ density perception; and (4) Staggered Slab-Enclosed Layout configurations receive the most favorable evaluations regarding perceived density. The authors attempt to go beyond current regulations to propose tailored solutions for Shenzhen’s high-density context, improving spatial efficiency and residential comfort in future public housing designs. The finding provides scientific evidence to support urban planners and policymakers in developing more resilient and sustainable high-density neighborhoods.
Effect of Natural Weathering on the Mechanical Strength of Bamboo Bio-Concrete
Authors: Andreola Vanessa Maria , Hasparyk Nicole Pagan , Toledo Filho Romildo Dias
Published: November 2024

The search for solutions that reduce the environmental impact of construction has driven the development of new materials. Bio-concrete represents a significant advance, presenting itself as an alternative to traditional concrete. Recent studies point to durability in outdoor conditions as one of the main challenges in its application. This paper presents natural durability studies performed on bamboo bio-concrete, produced with a bamboo particle volume of 50%. A surface treatment of applying resin externally was tested to reduce water ingress during weathering. The bio-concretes were exposed to natural and outdoor weather conditions for twelve months, and meteorological records were collected during the study period. The effect and influence of the external resin was investigated using visual surface analysis, uniaxial compression, modulus of elasticity and scanning electron microscopy. In terms of visual aspects, the resin was not effective in preventing loss of gloss, while in terms of microstructure, these samples showed better adhesion between the bamboo particles in the matrix. The compressive strength showed significant reductions of 60% (stress) and 73% (Young’s modulus) after twelve months of weathering. External resin could improve microstructures from surfaces to internal portions and more effectively preserve the mechanical strength of bio-concrete.
Mutations Matter: Unravelling the Genetic Blueprint of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma for Progression Insights and Treatment Strategies
Authors: Kontogiannis Athanasios , Karaviti Eleftheria , Karaviti Dimitra , Lanitis Sophocles , Gomatou Georgia , Syrigos Nikolaos K. , Kotteas Elias
Published: November 2024

Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC) presents a distinct subtype of breast cancer, representing 10–15% of cases, with unique clinical and molecular features. Characterized by a non-cohesive, single-file invasion pattern, ILC is typically estrogen receptor (ER)- and progesterone receptor (PR)-positive but human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative. Despite favorable prognostic features, its highly metastatic nature and predilection for atypical sites contribute to lower long-term survival compared to invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (NST). ILC’s genetic landscape includes mutations in various genes (CDH1, BRCA2, ATM, etc.) and signaling pathways that impact treatment responses, especially in endocrine treatment. Furthermore, the diverse ILC subtypes complicate its management. Current challenges in chemotherapy, along with the targeted therapies, are also discussed. The present article aims to comprehensively review the recent literature, focusing on the pathological and molecular aspects of ILC, including associated genetic mutations influencing disease progression and drug resistance.
Circulating Micro-RNAs Predict the Risk of Recurrence in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Kujala Jouni , Tengström Maria , Heikkinen Sami , Taipale Mari , Kosma Veli-Matti , Hartikainen Jaana M. , Mannermaa Arto
Published: November 2024

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with a high tendency for developing a recurrent disease. Circulating micro-RNAs (cmiRNAs) obtained through liquid biopsy are potential prognostic biomarkers for the assessment of TNBC recurrence risk. In this study, we sequenced cmiRNAs from the serum samples of 14 recurrent and 19 non-recurrent TNBC cases and compared expression profiles in relation to recurrence status, survival data and miRNA expression in matched tumor samples. Differential expression analysis between recurrent and non-recurrent cases identified ten differentially expressed (DE) cmiRNAs, of which cmiRNAs miR-21-5p (p = 0.030, HR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.06–3.30), miR-16-5p (p = 0.032, HR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.30–0.95), and miR-26b-5p (p = 0.023, HR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.29–0.91) were associated with recurrence-free survival in multivariable survival analysis. Expression profiles of matched tumor and serum samples were shown to correlate with each other. DE cmiRNAs were associated with common cancer-related signaling pathways and improved the overall predictive performance of the logistic regression model assessing the recurrence risk. Our results indicate that recurrent and non-recurrent TNBC differ in their cmiRNA expression profiles, and that three specific cmiRNAs can be used to assess the risk of recurrence in TNBC.
Running Cadence and the Influence on Frontal Plane Knee Deviations
Authors: Peterson Jacob R. , Sanders Collin R. , Reynolds Nathan S. , Alford Conner A. , Platt Michael J. , Parr Jeffrey J. , Twum Felix , Burns James R. , Dolbow David R.
Published: November 2024

Background: Patellofemoral pain is one of the most common injuries in recreational runners, with significant implications for dynamic knee valgus. The knee valgus angle can be corrected surgically or with a more conservative non-operative approach. Increasing running cadence may be an effective biomechanical gait retraining intervention to reduce knee valgus and thus patellofemoral pain. The primary purpose of this study was to examine if an increase in cadence could change the knee valgus angle. Methods: Ten asymptomatic recreational runners were recorded running on a treadmill during control and experimental intervals. Each interval lasted five minutes, and participants ran at 100% and 110% of their baseline cadence. Peak angles of knee valgus were compared between both intervals using the video analysis software application Dartfish Express. A paired sample, a two-tailed t-test, was used to determine the significant difference between bilateral frontal plane knee angle measurements during both intervals. Results: The average decrease in knee valgus measured in control versus experimental intervals was 2.23° for the right leg and 2.05° for the left leg, with a significance of p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively. Conclusion: The results indicated a statistically significant decrease in angles of dynamic knee valgus, attributable to increased cadence. These changes in knee valgus angle are likely to have a positive impact on preventing and reducing pain associated with PFP.
Ammonia Plasma Surface Treatment for Enhanced Cu–Cu Bonding Reliability for Advanced Packaging Interconnection
Authors: Jeon Ho Jeong , Hong Sang Jeen
Published: November 2024

With the emergence of 3D stacked semiconductor products, such as high-bandwidth memory, bonding-interface reliability cannot be overemphasized. The condition of the surface interface before bonding is important and can substantially affect product reliability. Plasma technology can be used to control the state of a bonding interface, but various factors of interest, such as surface roughness, chemical bonding state, and surface cleanliness, may depend on the type of gaseous plasma. These factors may increase voids at the interface, which can jeopardize the product reliability. In this study, NH3 plasma surface treatment is investigated and compared with the conventionally preferred surface treatment under Ar plasma. Under the latter method, specific anomalies occurred and led to void formation at the interface during bonding. By contrast, NH3 plasma treatment maintained higher uniformity, higher overall surface conditions, and a smooth reduction process. Furthermore, the formation of a nitride passivation layer effectively inhibited the oxidation of the metal surface, and the flat surface resulted in the decrease in voids compared with the Ar plasma treatment after the copper–copper bonding. From the experimental analysis, we achieved a 12% reduction in resistance in the samples treated with NH3 plasma treatment due to the suppression of surface oxidation. However, it is unfortunate that the shear strength in the experimental samples treated with NH3 plasma treatment needs to be further improved.
Micro-Computed Tomographic Evaluation of the Shaping Ability of Vortex Blue and TruNatomyTM Ni-Ti Rotary Systems
Authors: Alghamdi Batool , Al-Habib Mey , Alsulaiman Mona , Bahanan Lina , Alrahlah Ali , Bautista Leonel S. J. , Bukhari Sarah , Howait Mohammed , Alsofi Loai
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to assess and evaluate the canal shaping ability of two different Ni-Ti rotary systems, Vortex Blue (VB) and TruNatomy (TN), using micro-computed tomography in extracted premolars. A total of 20 extracted bifurcated maxillary first premolars with two separate canals were randomly divided into two groups and prepared with either VB 35/0.04 (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) or TN Medium 36/0.03 (Dentsply Sirona). Pre- and post-instrumentation micro-CT scans were analyzed to measure the following parameters: percentage of untouched canal surface area, changes in canal surface area, changes in canal volume, structural model index (SMI), changes in canal angulation, changes in dentin thickness, transportation, and centering ability. Statistical analysis was performed with a significance level set at p-value < 0.05. Both VB and TN files showed a significant increase in the basic canal geometry parameters including canal surface area and canal volume. Both file systems showed no significant changes in SMI or dentin thickness after canal instrumentation (p > 0.05). Some degree of canal transportation and a similar centering ability ratio with no significant difference were observed in both file systems (p > 0.05). TN files showed less pre-cervical dentin removal when compared to VB files. A significant difference was found in the TN group regarding the dentin removal between coronal and apical thirds (p = 0.03). Both VB and TN files produced comparable root canal preparation with no considerable shaping mishaps and errors. Both files showed minimum canal transportation and minimum straightening of the canal curvature. TN files removed less pre-cervical dentin than apical dentin.
Decoding Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Clinician’s Guide to Functional Profiling
Authors: Iyer Prasad , Jasdanwala Shaista Shabbir , Wang Yuhan , Bhatia Karanpreet , Bhatt Shruti
Published: November 2024

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex clonal disorder characterized by clinical, genetic, metabolomic, and epigenetic heterogeneity resulting in the uncontrolled proliferation of aberrant blood-forming precursor cells. Despite advancements in the understanding of the genetic, metabolic, and epigenetic landscape of AML, it remains a significant therapeutic challenge. Functional profiling techniques, such as BH3 profiling (BP), gene expression profiling (GEP), proteomics, metabolomics, drug sensitivity/resistance testing (DSRT), CRISPR/Cas9, and RNAi screens offer valuable insights into the functional behavior of leukemia cells. BP evaluates the mitochondrial response to pro-apoptotic BH3 peptides, determining a cell’s apoptotic threshold and its reliance on specific anti-apoptotic proteins. This knowledge can pinpoint vulnerabilities in the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway in leukemia cells, potentially informing treatment strategies and predicting therapeutic responses. GEP, particularly RNA sequencing, evaluates the transcriptomic landscape and identifies gene expression alterations specific to AML subtypes. Proteomics and metabolomics, utilizing mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), provide a detailed view of the active proteins and metabolic pathways in leukemia cells. DSRT involves exposing leukemia cells to a panel of chemotherapeutic and targeted agents to assess their sensitivity or resistance profiles and potentially guide personalized treatment strategies. CRISPR/Cas9 and RNAi screens enable systematic disruption of genes to ascertain their roles in leukemia cell survival and proliferation. These techniques facilitate precise disease subtyping, uncover novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and provide a deeper understanding of drug-resistance mechanisms. Recent studies utilizing functional profiling have identified specific mutations and gene signatures associated with aggressive AML subtypes, aberrant signaling pathways, and potential opportunities for drug repurposing. The integration of multi-omics approaches, advances in single-cell sequencing, and artificial intelligence is expected to refine the precision of functional profiling and ultimately improve patient outcomes in AML. This review highlights the diverse landscape of functional profiling methods and emphasizes their respective advantages and limitations. It highlights select successes in how these methods have further advanced our understanding of AML biology, identifies druggable targets that have improved outcomes, delineates challenges associated with these techniques, and provides a prospective view of the future where these techniques are likely to be increasingly incorporated into the routine care of patients with AML.
Exploring In-Service Science Teachers’ Self-Perceptions of Competence and Pedagogical Approaches to Socioscientific Issues in Education
Authors: Bicaj Arberore , Berisha Fatlume , Gisewhite Rachel
Published: November 2024

Global education experts are increasingly prioritizing scientific literacy development. Science education is key to enhancing scientific literacy, fostering social responsibility, and supporting economic growth by equipping individuals with essential scientific knowledge and skills. In the past two decades, socioscientific issues (SSI) have greatly influenced science education research, improving students’ ability to apply scientific knowledge in real-world contexts and advancing functional scientific literacy. Given the strong evidence that socioscientific issues (SSI) enhance scientific literacy and social responsibility skills, understanding SSI role in science education is crucial for developing countries aiming to boost economic and social growth. This research aimed to understand the in-service science teacher’s self-perception, knowledge, and experiences, as well as the benefits and challenges of integrating socioscientific issues into education. This qualitative research analysis employed a thematic analysis approach to research and data analysis from the responses of 54 in-service science teachers. All participants responded to the online open-ended questionnaire, which consisted of open-ended questions. The results highlight that in-service science teachers face challenges such as inadequate school environments, social pressures, and limited professional support, all of which hinder effective teaching of socioscientific issues. Furthermore, most of the in-service science teacher participants in the study were unaware of SSI, which suggests that there is a need for targeted professional development. The research suggests that it is crucial to address these challenges and enhance the knowledge and understanding of in-service science teachers regarding SSI to facilitate curriculum reform and the overarching goal of promoting citizens’ educational and economic development.
Quantifying the Relationship Between Self-Efficacy and Mathematical Creativity: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Herianto Herianto , Sofroniou Anastasia , Fitrah Muh , Rosana Dadan , Setiawan Caly , Rosnawati Raden , Widihastuti Widihastuti , Jusmiana Andi , Marinding Yudince
Published: November 2024

This study is a meta-analysis to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and mathematical creativity. This meta-analysis included 21 studies with a total sample size of 11,621 participants and 33 effect sizes across the studies. Data analysis using a random effects model using the “meta” package (version 7.0-0) in R software version 4.3.0. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy and mathematical creativity (z=3.51;95% CI [0.09, 0.32],  p<0.001). The influence of self-efficacy on mathematical creativity is included in the low category (re=0.21). These findings had no publication bias issues with Egger’s test (t=−0.03; p=0.978) and were stable against the impact of unpublished studies (Fail−safe N=5101; p<0.001). Meta-regression revealed two variables that showed significant results: measurement method (Q=11.17;df=2; p=0.0038) and study location (Q=372.41, df=9; p<0.0001). This study provides valuable information about the relationship between self-efficacy and mathematical creativity, but more research is needed to develop effective and efficient learning strategies.
Several Constructions of Cyclic Subspace Codes Utilizing (k + 1)-Dimensional Sidon Spaces
Authors: Niu Yongfeng , Li Yu
Published: November 2024

In recent years, network coding has attracted widespread attention due to its important role in digital communication and network security. Among these, cyclic subspace codes have very important applications in error correction and rectification in random network coding, attracting many scholars to conduct research on them. As an important tool in constructing cyclic subspace codes, the present study focuses on the construction of Sidon spaces by leveraging the roots of irreducible polynomials and primitive elements over finite fields. In this paper, we construct some Sidon spaces with new parameters. Specifically, we let k,m1,m2 be three positive integers and define ρ1=m12k−1,ρ2=m22m1−1. On the basis of these newly constructed Sidon spaces, we obtain new cyclic subspace codes with size ρ1ρ2qkqn−1q−1 and minimum distance 2k.
Design of a Low-Cost and High-Precision Measurement System Suitable for Organic Transistors
Authors: Režo Vratislav , Weis Martin
Published: November 2024

Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) require ultra-precise electrical measurements due to their unique charge transport mechanisms and sensitivity to environmental factors, yet commercial semiconductor parameter analysers capable of such measurements are prohibitively expensive for many research laboratories. This study introduces a novel, cost-effective, and portable setup for high-precision OFET characterisation that addresses this critical need, providing a feasible substitute for conventional analysers costing tens of thousands of dollars. The suggested system incorporates measurement, data processing, and graphical visualisation capabilities, together with Bluetooth connectivity for local operation and Wi-Fi functionality for remote data monitoring. The device consists of a motherboard and specialised cards for low-current measurement, voltage measurement, and voltage generation, providing comprehensive OFET characterisation, including transfer and output characteristics, in accordance with IEEE-1620 standards. The system can measure current from picoamperes to milliamperes, with voltage measurements supported by high input resistance (>100 MΩ) and a voltage generation range of −30 V to +30 V. This versatile and accessible approach greatly improves the opportunities for future OFET research and development.
Seawater Desalination System Driven by Sustainable Energy: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Zhang Guoyu , Wang Xiaodong
Published: November 2024

Seawater desalination is one of the most widely used technologies for freshwater production; however, its high energy consumption remains a pressing global challenge. Both the development and utilization of sustainable energy sources are anticipated to mitigate the energy shortages associated with seawater desalination while also effectively addressing the environmental issues linked to fossil fuel usage. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the classification and evolution of traditional desalination technologies, emphasizing the advancements, progress, and challenges associated with integrating various sustainable energy sources into the desalination process. Then, the cost, efficiency, and energy consumption of desalination systems driven by sustainable energy are discussed, and it is found that even the most widely used reverse osmosis (RO) technology driven by fossil fuels has CO2 emissions of 0.3–1.7 kgCO2/m3 and the lowest cost of desalinated water as high as 0.01 USD/m3, suggesting the necessity and urgency of applying sustainable energy. A comparison of different seawater desalination systems driven by different sustainable energy sources is also carried out. The results reveal that although the seawater desalination system driven by sustainable energy has a lower efficiency and a higher cost than the traditional system, it has more potential from the perspective of environmental protection and sustainable development. Furthermore, the efficiency and cost of desalination technology driven by a single sustainable energy source is lower than that driven by multi-sustainable energy sources, while the efficiency of desalination systems driven by multi-sustainable energy is lower than that driven by hybrid energy, and its cost is higher than that of desalination systems driven by hybrid energy. Considering factors such as cost, efficiency, consumption, economic scale, and environmental impact, the integration of various seawater desalination technologies and various energy sources is still the most effective strategy to solve water shortage, the energy crisis, and environmental pollution at present and in the future.
Variations in Physical and Mechanical Properties Between Clear and Knotty Wood of Chinese Fir
Authors: Ruan Yingchao , He Zongming , Fan Shaohui , Chen Zhiyun , Li Ming , Ma Xiangqing , Sun Shuaichao
Published: November 2024

Significant market value discrepancies exist between clear and knotty Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) wood, distinguished not only by their aesthetic variations but also by their distinct material properties. This study aimed to explore the differences in physical and mechanical properties between clear and knotty Chinese fir wood. Nine standard trees were chosen from a 26-year-old Chinese fir plantation for the experiment. Subsequent to felling, trunk segments below 7 m in length were transported to the laboratory. For each tree, detailed preparations were made to obtain clear and knotty wood specimens, and these distinct wood specimens were subjected to thorough physical and mechanical assessments. The results revealed significant variations in properties between clear and knotty Chinese fir wood. The shrinkage and swelling coefficients of knotty wood were generally lower than those of clear wood, except for higher radial and tangential air-dry shrinkage. Specifically, the swelling ratio of knotty wood was at least 0.40% lower, and the oven-dry shrinkage was at least 0.58% lower than that of clear wood. Knotty wood exhibited higher air-dry and oven-dry densities, with its density being at least 0.15 g cm−3 higher than that of clear wood. However, its mechanical properties, including tensile strength, compression strength, impact bending strength, bending strength, and modulus of elasticity, were lower than those of clear wood. For instance, the tensile strength parallel to the grain of clear wood was 40.63 MPa higher, the modulus of elasticity was 1595 MPa higher, and the impact bending strength was 27.12 kJ m−2 greater than that of knotty wood. Although the tangential and radial surface hardness of knotty wood increased significantly compared to clear wood, the end hardness remained relatively lower. Overall, knotty Chinese fir wood displayed enhanced physical properties, whereas clear wood showcased superior mechanical properties. Careful selection between clear and knotty wood is recommended based on the specific requirements of wooden structural elements to optimize timber resource utilization.
Coarse Woody Debris Dynamics in Relation to Disturbances in Korea’s Odaesan National Park Cool-Temperate Forests
Authors: Lee Kyungeun , Choung Yeonsook
Published: November 2024

Coarse woody debris (CWD) has historically been extensively utilized in Korea, with significant accumulation occurring mainly after the establishment of protected areas. This study, conducted in Odaesan National Park (designated in 1975), investigated the distribution and characteristics of CWD across five forest types with permanent plots. It also examined the effects of human and natural disturbances on CWD dynamics and evaluated its role in carbon storage. CWD mass varied significantly, ranging from 0.7 Mg ha−1 in Pinus-Quercus (PQ) forests to 31.9 Mg ha−1 in Broadleaved–Abies (BA) forests. The impacts of disturbances shifted markedly before and after the park’s designation; prior to this, human activities such as logging substantially affected BA, PQ, and Prunus-Salix (PS) forests, while Quercus-Tilia (QT) forests were primarily impacted by wildfires. After designation, natural disturbances became the primary contributors to CWD accumulation, with a major windstorm in BA forests adding 12.09 Mg ha−1 of CWD (37.8% of the total). Late-successional forests exhibited higher CWD mass, advanced decay stages, and greater diversity, as well as elevated CWD-to-carbon storage ratios, highlighting their role as crucial carbon reservoirs. In light of climate change, these findings emphasize the need for forest management practices that enhance CWD’s contributions to biodiversity conservation and carbon storage.
Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD Protein Mutation and Pathogenicity Consequences in Indonesian Circulating Variants in 2020–2022
Authors: Haykal Nabiel Muhammad , Fadilah Fadilah , Dewi Beti Ernawati , Erlina Linda , Prawiningrum Aisyah Fitriannisa , Hegar Badriul
Published: November 2024

Background: Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, dynamic mutations in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein have altered the pathogenicity of the variants of the virus circulating in Indonesia. This research analyzes the mutation trend in various RBD samples from Indonesia published in the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) database using genomic profiling. Method: Patients in Indonesia infected with SARS-CoV-2, whose samples have been published in genomic databases, were selected for this research. The collected data were processed for analysis following several bioinformatics protocols: visualization into phylogenetic trees, 3D rendering, and the assessment of mutational impact. Results: In Indonesia, there are 25 unique SARS-CoV-2 clades and 318 unique SARS-CoV-2 RBD mutations from the earliest COVID-19 sample to samples collected in 2022, with T478K being the most prevalent RBD mutation and 22B being the most abundant clade. The Omicron variant has a lower docking score, higher protein destabilization, and higher KD than the Delta variant and the original virus. Conclusions: The study findings reveal a decreasing trend in virus pathogenicity as a potential trade-off to increase transmissibility via mutations in RBD over the years.
HPV Vaccine Awareness and Uptake Among Sexually Transmitted Infections Clinic Users: A Cross-Sectional Study in Bologna, Italy
Authors: Cleva Marta , Gaspari Valeria , Ceccarelli Andrea , Pianese Gabriele , Griffa Davide , Orioni Gionathan , Cintori Christian , Diegoli Giuseppe , Gori Davide , Montalti Marco
Published: November 2024

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection poses a significant health risk, particularly for high-risk groups such as men who have sex with men (MSM), people living with HIV (PLHIV), and transgender individuals. Despite the availability of effective vaccines, uptake among these groups remains suboptimal due to various social and behavioral barriers (BeSD). A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) clinic in Bologna, Italy, from 8 April to 12 April 2024 using a paper questionnaire, investigating HPV vaccine uptake and BeSD factors influencing vaccination decisions. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression. Among the 236 respondents, PLHIV and transgender individuals demonstrated lower uptake rates (60.0% and 15.6%) if compared to women under 30 years old (72.7%). Concern about HPV infection varied significantly across groups, with MSM showing the highest worry (48.7%). Perceptions of vaccine safety and access were mixed, influencing vaccination decisions. Multivariate analysis indicated that age inversely correlated with infection worry (OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.91–0.98), while being a woman under 30 (OR: 164.0, 95% CI: 17.2–1560.18) or MSM (OR: 3.53, 95% CI: 1.37–9.11) was positively associated with vaccine uptake. The study identifies disparities in HPV vaccine uptake among STI clinic users in Bologna, Italy, emphasizing the need for targeted public health campaigns. These campaigns could engage STI clinics and address awareness, safety perceptions, and access barriers to enhance vaccination coverage among sexual and gender minorities.
A Longitudinal Study of the Relationship Between Lower Extremity Field Tests and Medial Elbow Injuries in Elementary School Baseball Players
Authors: Tanaka Maki , Okutani Takuma , Maruyama Shohei , Suehiro Kenji , Matsui Tomoyuki , Hiramoto Machiko , Azuma Yoshikazu , Miyazaki Tetsuya , Gonno Megumi , Nomura Teruo , Oku Kyosuke , Watanabe Yuya , Kai Yoshihiro , Takeshima Minoru , Morihara Toru , Kida Noriyuki
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to examine prospectively the relationship between the deep squatting test and medial elbow injuries in elementary school baseball players and to determine the usefulness of the lower extremity field test in throwing injuries. The participants were 254 players who had participated in preseason medical checkups in both 2019 and 2020 and had no problems with the 2019 medical checkups. The evaluation parameters included ultrasonography examination, physical examination, and three types of deep squatting tests. The success rate of deep squatting tests was significantly lower in the injured group than in the non-injured group in the medial elbow injuries. By the difficulty level, the backward test in the deep squatting test was more likely to predict medial elbow injuries than the forward and middle tests. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the squatting test and medial elbow injuries by grades. In conclusion, this is the first prospective study to provide evidence that the deep squatting tests, classified by difficulty level, can predict the risk of subsequent medial elbow injuries in elementary school players. The deep squatting test may be useful as a field test for lower extremity flexibility that can be performed by athletes and instructors, as it can predict the risk of subsequent medial elbow injuries.