bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GOVERNANÇA METROPOLITANA: DEBATE E EXPERIÊNCIA REGIONAL DA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE MARINGÁ
Authors: Reschilian Paulo Romano , Uehara Agnes Yuri
Published: April 2015

Maringá, município localizado no Norte do Paraná, diferencia-se de outros municípios brasileiros por seu planejamento urbano-regional caracterizar-se em sua organização espacial pelo modelo de cidade-jardim de inspiração inglesa. O artigo pretende abordar como constituíram as regiões metropolitanas brasileiras (instituição federal a estadual), partindo de um breve histórico da instituição da Região Metropolitana de Maringá e análises do processo de constituição dessa configuração regional. Verifica-se assim, que a cidade planejada reflete o “urbanismo à brasileira” e a urbanização desigual da maioria das cidades brasileiras, apresentando a realidade e os desafios quanto à questão metropolitana.
ANÁLISE DO CONTEÚDO DE CREATINA NO MÚSCULO ESQUELÉTICO DE RATOS SUBMETIDOS A NATAÇÃO E/OU SUPLEMENTAÇÃO DE CREATINA, ATRAVÉS DA ESPECTROSCOPIA INFRAVERMELHA
Authors: Leite Vanessa Rezende , Santos Patrícia Marcondes dos , Silveira Gabriela do Carmo , Dias Tayara Pereira , Uehara Mituo , Sakane Kumiko Koibuchi , Osório Rodrigo Lazaro , Prianti Júnior Antônio Carlos Guimarães , Ribeiro Wellington
Published: April 2015

Este estudo foi realizado através de experimentação animal, com duração de nove semanas, no qual os animais foram submetidos a treinamento físico aeróbico e/ou suplementação de creatina (Cr). Os animais foram divididos em oito grupos: um grupo controle sedentário, um grupo controle treinado, três grupos treinados suplementados com três doses diferentes de Cr e três grupos sedentários suplementados também com três doses diferentes de Cr. Foram analisados 40 espectros de amostras do músculo tibial anterior através de espectroscopia infravermelha. O cálculo da área relativa da banda de Cr no tecido mostrou que existe uma dosagem ótima na suplementação de creatina e que exercício favorece a presença de creatina no músculo.
QUALIDADE MICROBIOLÓGICA DE COUVE MANTEIGA (BRASSICA OLERACEA) MINIMAMENTE PROCESSADA COMERCIALIZADA EM SÃO PAULO, BRASIL
Authors: Rocha Gracielle Gesteira , Miyagi Alice Michi Chibana , Guimarães Lívia Itapema , Cardoso Vanessa de Lima , Matias Andrea Carvalheiro Guerra , Abreu Edeli Simione de
Published: April 2015

O aumento da procura por alimentos prontos para consumo incentiva o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias para o processamento de alimentos. Dentro desse contexto, alimentos frescos atraem os consumidores, promovendo a ascensão de produtos de conveniência com vida útil prolongada, qualidade sensorial e nutritiva. Os vegetais minimamente processados são aqueles que passaram por modificações físicas, ou seja, foram descascados, picados, torneados e ralados, entre outros processos, mas mantidos na forma fresca e, metabolicamente, ativos. Esses produtos são sensíveis à deterioração, bem como podem ser veículos de micro-organismos patogênicos ao homem. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de quatro marcas de folhas de couve manteiga, minimamente processadas, declaradas como higienizadas, comercializadas em supermercados localizados na área metropolitana da cidade de São Paulo. A temperatura de conservação foi mensurada nos locais de venda. As análises microbiológicas realizadas foram contagem padrão de mesófilos aeróbios, leveduras e bolores, teste qualitativo para avaliação da presença de coliformes totais e Escherichia coli. Todos os produtos apresentaram temperaturas acima de 10°C (14,3 ± 1,9°C), valor este acima da recomendação do fabricante (8°C) e legislação vigente (<10°C por mais que 4 horas). A contagem de mesófilos, leveduras e fungos também apresentou valores acima dos preconizados, 1,0x108±9,5x107; 7,3x107 ± 8,0x107,respectivamente. Foi observada a presença de coliformes totais e Escherichia coli, em todas as amostras, pelo teste qualitativo. Concluiu-se que os produtos analisados, uma vez declarados como higienizados, estavam impróprios para o pronto consumo, sugerindo inadequação no processo de higienização e conservação por parte dos fabricantes e distribuidores, respectivamente. Faz-se necessária a intensificação de ações dos órgãos de fiscalização e saúde.
PROTEÇÃO DO ALUMÍNIO 2024 POR FILMES DE POLIPIRROL DEPOSITADOS EM ÁCIDO P-TOLUENO SULFÔNICO
Authors: Liu Andrea Santos , Cho Liu Yao , Bezerra Karine Miranda , Santos Felipe Ezequiel
Published: April 2015

Na presente pesquisa, investigou-se a eficiência dos filmes de Polipirrol (PPy), eletrodepositados potenciostaticamente em meio aquoso contendo Ácido p-Tolueno Sulfônico (pTS), para proteção da liga de alumínio 2024 contra a corrosão. Ensaios de Polarização Potenciodinâmica e de Voltametria Cíclica em meio corrosivo de cloreto mostraram que as superfícies recobertas com filmes de PPy/pTS, depositados a 1,2V, promoveram maior proteção da superfície metálica, quando comparado aos filmes de PPy/pTS, formados a 1,4V. A morfologia dos filmes foi investigada por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), e as micrografias indicaram que os filmes de PPy eletrodepositados a 1,2V são mais homogêneos e uniformes, enquanto que os filmes formados a 1,4V apresentaram maior porosidade, o que favorece a adsorção de íons Cl-, que ocasionam a dissolução anódica das superfícies de alumínio.
A Mechanistic Integrated Geochemical and Chemical-Flooding Tool for Alkaline/Surfactant/Polymer Floods
Authors: Korrani Aboulghasem Kazemi , Sepehrnoori Kamy , Delshad Mojdeh
Published: April 2015

Mechanistic simulation of alkaline/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding considers chemical reactions between the alkali and the oil to form in-situ soap and reactions between the alkali and the minerals and brine. A comprehensive mechanistic modeling of such process remains a challenge, mainly caused by the complicated ASP phase behavior and the complexity of geochemical reactions that occur in the reservoir. Because of the lack of the microemulsion phase and/or lack of reactions that may lead to the consumption of alkali and resulting lag in the pH, a simplified ASP phase behavior is often used.

A state-of-the-art geochemical package, IPhreeqc, of the United States Geological Survey was coupled with UTCHEM, an in-house research chemical-flooding reservoir simulator developed at The University of Texas at Austin (UT), for a robust, flexible, and accurate integrated tool to mechanistically model ASP floods. UTCHEM has a comprehensive three-phase (water, oil, microemulsion) flash package for the mixture of surfactant and soap as a function of salinity, temperature, and cosolvent concentration.

Through this integrated tool, we are able to simulate homogeneous and heterogeneous (mineral dissolution/precipitation), irreversible, surface complexation, and ion exchange reactions under nonisothermal, nonisobaric, and both local-equilibrium and kinetic conditions. Italic words are defined in Appendix A. IPhreeqc has rich databases of chemical species and also the flexibility to include the alkaline reactions required for modeling ASP floods. Hence, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time, the important aspects of ASP flooding are considered.

An algorithm is presented for modeling the geochemistry in an implicit-in-pressure-and-explicit-in-concentration solution algorithm. Finally, we show how to apply the integrated tool, UTCHEM-IPhreeqc, to match three different reaction-related chemical-flooding processes: ASP flooding in an acidic active crude oil, ASP flooding in a nonacidic crude oil, and alkaline/cosolvent/polymer flooding.
Power use methods for optimal design of WDS: history and their use as post-optimization warm starts
Authors: Saldarriaga J. , Páez D. , León N. , López L. , Cuero P.
Published: April 2015

This paper describes an extension to the optimal power use surface (OPUS) methodology, which consists of applying a metaheuristic post-optimization process after a network has been designed through the OPUS algorithm. Four different types of metaheuristics were tested in this study. The OPUS methodology focuses on the setting up of efficient ways in which energy is dissipated and flow is distributed, thereby obtaining deterministic design after a few iterations. On the other hand, the stochastic techniques used for the post-optimization step mimic different phenomena, usually requiring several iterations. The proposed methodology is tested on four networks; three of these are benchmark problems. When compared to the results obtained through other methodologies, this algorithm stands out for allowing designs with constructive costs very close to the lowest found in other investigations. However, when compared to the results obtained through the OPUS algorithm alone, this approach reduces the capital cost of the network by a very small percentage while increasing the number of iterations required. This extension to the OPUS methodology proves that following hydraulic principles allows near-optimal results to be obtained, whose improvement demands a considerable number of iterations, providing minimum benefit as the reduction in cost is only 1% at most.
A dynamic urban development model designed for purposes in the field of urban water management
Authors: Mikovits Christian , Rauch Wolfgang , Kleidorfer Manfred
Published: April 2015

Urban drainage systems are a critical part of city infrastructure. Population growth and urban development can put severe pressure on these systems, especially due to sealing of surfaces and land use change. For a comprehensive adaptation of urban water infrastructure to constantly changing and evolving systems, a detailed simulation of the dynamics in city development is crucial. This can be done by either trying to predict future conditions as accurately as possible (with all their uncertainties) or by developing different scenarios and trying to develop adaptation measures, which are resilient to a range of future conditions. To achieve resilience and take a manifold of possibilities into account, a manifold of simulations are executed within given model boundaries. The presented urban development model is developed to offer the possibility of running several simulations with as few input data as possible to cover the possible range of changes. For a comparison of the simulated urban development scenarios, hydrodynamic simulations are performed to show differences in flooding according to the developed areas. In general, a percentage increase in effective impervious area results in a twice as high increase in percentage in total flooding volume.
Quadratic approximations for pipe friction
Authors: Eck Bradley J. , Mevissen Martin
Published: April 2015

This paper develops quadratic approximations to the classical models of Darcy–Weisbach and Hazen–Williams for frictional head loss in water pipes. Key elements of the technique are selecting the approximation domain and minimizing the relative error. A comparison for individual pipes over a range of diameter, roughness, and Reynolds number showed that the approximation provides accuracy consistent with the experimental error in the classical equations. Two benchmark water distribution networks are also considered. In these systems, flows and pressures computed using the approximation were consistent with simulations using the classical models. Applications of the approximation include mathematical optimization problems where polynomial expressions are desirable.
Investigation of magnetohydrodynamics flow and heat transfer in the presence of a confined square cylinder using SM82 equations
Authors: Farahi Shahri , Hossein Nezhad
Published: April 2015

In this paper, magnetohydrodynamics flow and heat transfer of a liquid metal (GaInSn) in the presence of a confined square obstacle is studied numerically, using a quasi-2-D model known as SM82. The results of the present investigation are compared with the results of the other experimental investigations and a good agreement with the average deviation of about 2.8% is achieved. The effects of Reynolds number, Hartmann number, and blockage ratio on the re-circulation length, Strouhal number, averaged Nusselt number, and isotherms are examined. The numerical results indicate that based on the Reynolds and Hartmann numbers in a fixed blockage ratio, due to the direct interactions of the secondary vortices and the Karman ones, the Strouhal number may increase or decrease. Some correlations are also provided to determine the re-circulation length in terms of the Reynolds and Hartmann numbers for various blockage ratios.
Mixed convection flow of Jeffrey fluid along an inclined stretching cylinder with double stratification effect
Authors: Hayat Tasawar , Qayyum Sajid , Farooq Muhammad , Alsaedi Ahmad , Ayub Muhammad
Published: April 2015

This paper addresses double stratified mixed convection boundary layer flow of Jeffrey fluid due to an impermeable inclined stretching cylinder. Heat transfer analysis is carried out with heat generation/absorption. Variable temperature and concentration are assumed at the surface of cylinder and ambient fluid. Non-linear partial differential equations are reduced into the non-linear ordinary differential equations after using the suitable transformations. Convergent series solutions are computed. Effects of various pertinent parameters on the velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions are analyzed graphically. Numerical values of skin friction coefficient, Nusselt, and Sherwood numbers are also computed and discussed.
A numerical analysis of a convective straight fin with temperature-dependent thermal conductivity
Authors: Sevilgen Gokhan
Published: April 2015

In this paper, heat transfer characteristics of a straight fin having temperature-dependent thermal conductivity were computed by using 3-D CFD analysis and MATLAB differential equation solver. The computations were performed with two different cases having both constant and linear function for thermal conductivity property. The CFD and MATLAB results were in good agreement with the data available in the literature. With the help of using these numerical techniques, fin efficiency can be improved and heat transfer rate of fins can be augmented by changing fin materials with variable thermal properties and air-flow conditions. Application of the proposed method can be effectively extended to solve the class of similar non-linear fin problems in engineering and sciences.
Premium jet cooling with two ribs over flat plate utilizing nanofluid mixed convection
Authors: El-Maghlany Wael , Teamah Mohamed , Kabeel A.E. , Hanafy Ahmed
Published: April 2015

In this study, a numerical simulation of the thermal performance of two ribs mounted over a horizontal flat plate and cooled by Cu-water nanofluid is performed. The plate is heated and maintained at a constant temperature and cooled by mixed convection of laminar flow at a relatively low temperature. The top wall is considered as an adiabatic condition. The effects of related parameters such as Richardson number (0.01 ? Ri ? 10), the solid volume fraction (0.01 ? ? ? 0.06), the distance ratio between the two ribs (d/W = 5, 10, and 15), and the rib height ratio (b/W = 1, 2, and 3) on the ribs thermal performance are studied. The numerical simulation results indicate that the heat transfer rate is significantly affected by the distance and the rib height. The heat transfer rate is improved by increasing the nanoparticles volume fraction. The influence of the solid volume fraction with the increase of heat transfer is more noticeable for lower values of the Richardson number. The numerical results are summarized in the effect of pertinent parameters on the average Nusselt number with the assistance of both streamlines and isothermal ones. Throughout the study, the Grashof and Prandtl numbers, for pure water are kept constant at 103 and 6.2, respectively. The numerical work was displayed out using, an in-house computational fluid dynamic code written in FORTRAN, which discretizes non-dimensional forms of the governing equations using the finite volume method and solves the resulting system of equations using Gauss-Seidal method utilizing a tri diagonal matrix algorithm.
Development of wood pellets market in South East Europe
Authors: Glavonjic Branko , Krajnc Nike , Palus Hubert
Published: April 2015

The paper presents the results of researching wood pellets market in nine
countries in South East Europe and Slovakia. Objective of the research was to
observe the actual situation regarding the number of producers, size of
installed capacities, production volume, foreign trade flows and existing
problems and obstacles which significantly limit the sustainable development
of wood pellets market in the selected countries. Selection of such an
objective results from the fact that according to the stated elements there
are no sufficiently reliable data, wherefore this region is a huge gap in
numerous reports of international and national organizations and
institutions. Results of the conducted research show that in the middle of
2014, 245 producers were engaged in wood pellets production in South East
Europe and Slovakia, 116 of which were located in Bulgaria and Serbia. Most
of the producers of wood pellets has installed capacities of 1,000-5,000 tons
annually, while only 18 factories in the entire region have the installed
capacity over 30,000 tons/year. Observed collectively in all stated
countries, the total installed capacities for wood pellets production were
2.2 million tons in 2013 and the realized production was 1.36 million tons.
The largest part of the produced amounts of wood pellets in this region is
exported. 1.06 million tons were exported from the region in 2013, which is
77.9% of the realized production. Such high export is the result of the
underdevelopment of the local market (Slovenia is the only exception) and the
problems which exist and limit its faster development in most countries.
Approximate expressions for the logarithmic mean void fraction
Authors: Awad M.M.
Published: April 2015

The logarithmic mean void fraction (LMe) was introduced in literature by El
Hajal et al. (El Hajal, J., Thome, J. R., Cavallini, A., Condensation in
Horizontal Tubes, Part 1: Two-Phase Flow Pattern Map, International Journal
of Heat and Mass Transfer 46 (2003) 18, pp. 3349-3363). In the present study,
approximate expressions for the logarithmic mean void fraction (LMe) will be
presented because the original formula for the computation of the logarithmic
mean void fraction in finite precision floating-point arithmetic may suffer
from serious round-off problems when both differences (eh and era) are very
close to each other. This situation corresponds to very low values or very
high values of mass quality (x). The analogy between the logarithmic mean
temperature difference (DTLM or LMTD) in heat exchangers and the logarithmic
mean void fraction (LMe) in two-phase flow will be used. These approximations
of the LMe can be applied in the computational studies.
Seasonal Variations of Radiocarbon Content in Plant Leaves in a 14C-Depleted Area
Authors: Baydoun Rana , El Samad Omar , Nsouli Bilal , Younes Ghassan
Published: April 2015

The determination of radiocarbon content in biogenic samples such as tree leaves and short-lived plants is crucial when studying the anthropogenic impact on the ecosystem and for detecting any alteration in stable and radioactive CO2. A total of 76 samples of evergreen and deciduous tree leaves as well seasonal plants were collected in winter, spring, and summer. Sampling was carried out from rural villages located in Mount Lebanon Province, Lebanon. Based on the data obtained from a previous study carried out in autumn, which showed that the selected sites are characterized by depletion of 14C caused by the releases of pollutants and CO2 from a cement factory in the region, further investigation was carried out in the present work to determine possible significant seasonal variations in Δ14C values. Reference samples of identical species were collected in the same period from a clean zone. The conventional 14C method was used to determine the carbon isotopic ratio. Δ14C data are compared to those obtained in autumn. 14C concentration in the studied sites was significantly lower than in the clean area in all seasons. ANOVA tests showed that there is a significant seasonal variation for deciduous leaves and seasonal plants, while this difference was not significant in evergreen leaves. In addition, no significant variation was recognized for different species in the same season.
14C Variations in Pre-Bomb Nearshore Habitats of the Florida Panhandle, USA
Authors: Hadden Carla S , Cherkinsky Alexander
Published: April 2015

This article presents radiocarbon data for known-age, pre-bomb marine gastropods, Busycon sinistrum and Strombus alatus, collected between AD 1924 and 1946 from nearshore environments of the Florida Panhandle, on the northern Gulf of Mexico. Δ14C was measured in whole crushed juvenile specimens (n = 7) and terminal edges of adult specimens (n = 6). A subsample of adult specimens (n = 3) was subjected to additional, intrashell sampling to observe short-term variability in 14C conditions. Δ14C values were consistent within and among B. sinistrum specimens, and we propose a reservoir age offset (ΔR) of −9 ± 25 14C yr for B. sinistrum from the northwest coast of Florida. S. alatus shells exhibited significant variability from one individual to another, and also within individual specimens. ΔR values for S. alatus range from −3 ± 30 to 659 ± 30 14C yr. These differences may result from a combination of factors, including subregional variability in inputs of 14C-depleted waters and life-history factors including mobility, mode of feeding, and ontogenetic niche shifts.
On the Function π(x)
Authors: Bănescu Magdalena
Published: April 2015

Let π(x) be the number of primes not exceeding x. We prove that

π

(
x
)

<

x

log
x
-
1.006789

for

x
≥

e

10

12

, and that for sufficiently large

x
:
 

x

log
x
-
1
+

(

log
 
x

)

-
1.5

+
2

(

log
 
x

)

-
0.5

<
π

(
x
)

<

1

log
 
x
-
1
-
2

(

log
 
x

)

-
0.5

-

(

log
 
x

)

-
1.5

.

We finally prove that for

x
≥

e

10

12

and k = 2, 3,…, 147297098200000, the closed interval [(k – 1)x, kx] contains at least one prime number, i.e. the Bertrand's postulate holds for x and k as above.
Something About h - Measures of Sets in Plane
Authors: Bărbulescu Alina
Published: April 2015

In this article we estimate the Hausdorff h-measures of the graphs of some functions, for different measure functions.
About k-Perfect Numbers
Authors: Bencze Mihály
Published: April 2015

In this paper we present some results about k-perfect numbers, and generalize two inequalities due to M. Perisastri (see [6]).
The Path Hyperoperation
Authors: Kalampakas Antonios , Spartalis Stefanos , Tsigkas Alexandros
Published: April 2015

A new class of hypergroupoids, deriving from binary relations, is presented, via the introduced path hyperoperation. Its properties are investigated and its connections with Graph Theory are also delineated. Moreover, we present an application of this hyperoperation to assembly line designing and management.
On Temporal Behaviour of Solutions in Thermoelasticity of Porous Micropolar Bodies
Authors: Marin Marin , Florea Olivia
Published: April 2015

We consider a porous thermoelastic body, including voidage time derivative among the independent constitutive variables. For the initial boundary value problem of such materials, we analyze the temporal behaviour of the solutions. To this aim we use the Cesaro means for the components of energy and prove the asymptotic equipartition in mean of the kinetic and strain energies.
Some Rank Records for Elliptic Curves with Prescribed Torsion Over Quadratic Fields
Authors: Najman Filip
Published: April 2015

In this paper we construct elliptic curves over quadratic fields with prescribed torsion group and record rank. We do this using theoretical arguments and keeping lengthy computations to a minimum.
On an Arithmetic Inequality
Authors: Sándor József
Published: April 2015

We obtain an arithmetic proof and a refinement of the inequality ϕ (nk
) + σ
k
(n) < 2nk
, where n ≧ 2 and k ≧ 2. An application to another inequality is also provided.
About Some Split Central Simple Algebras
Authors: Savin Diana
Published: April 2015

In this paper we study certain quaternion algebras and symbol algebras which split.
Launching particle to constant reinforcement ratio as a parameter for improving the nanoreinforcement distribution and tensile strength of aluminum nanometal matrix composites
Authors: Raju K. Sita Rama , Raju V. Ramachandra , Raju P. Rama Murthy , Ghosal Partha
Published: April 2015

Pelletization of ball milled powder, although a better technique for distributing nanoreinforcements into the metal melt, increases the production line. Here, we report our attempt to improve the distribution of nanoreinforcements without increasing the production line. We observed the effect of increase in a novel parameter, launching particle to constant reinforcement ratio (by weight; 1.5 wt.% Al2O3), on the nanoreinforcement distribution and ultimate strength of composites fabricated by stir casting. The medium used for launching the nanoreinforcements into the Al–Cu matrix is aluminum powder prepared by ball milling. An increase in the launching particle to constant reinforcement ratio leads to an improvement in the nanoreinforcement distribution and tensile strength of the composite. The X-ray maps indicate the absence of iron contamination and iron intermetallics.
Optimization of phase contrast in bimodal amplitude modulation AFM
Authors: Damircheli Mehrnoosh , Payam Amir F , Garcia Ricardo
Published: April 2015

Bimodal force microscopy has expanded the capabilities of atomic force microscopy (AFM) by providing high spatial resolution images, compositional contrast and quantitative mapping of material properties without compromising the data acquisition speed. In the first bimodal AFM configuration, an amplitude feedback loop keeps constant the amplitude of the first mode while the observables of the second mode have not feedback restrictions (bimodal AM). Here we study the conditions to enhance the compositional contrast in bimodal AM while imaging heterogeneous materials. The contrast has a maximum by decreasing the amplitude of the second mode. We demonstrate that the roles of the excited modes are asymmetric. The operational range of bimodal AM is maximized when the second mode is free to follow changes in the force. We also study the contrast in trimodal AFM by analyzing the kinetic energy ratios. The phase contrast improves by decreasing the energy of second mode relative to those of the first and third modes.
La passion de souffrir pour un autre
Authors: Cloës Claude
Published: April 2015

L’adolescence se marque par la rencontre du sujet avec le féminin et contient une potentialité passionnelle qui peut revêtir chez certains adolescents une forme se déclinant sur le mode du souffrir pour un autre. Le discours est centré sur un autre cause exclusive de la souffrance et renvoie selon-nous à la passion originaire. Le travail de la cure par le biais du transfert offrirait au sujet de pouvoir dépasser la passion originaire et exister en tant que sujet désirant.
Le cadre infini – sur la poétique baudelairienne
Authors: Rueff Martin
Published: April 2015

Baudelaire aimait les cadres : ceux des tableaux d’abord. Mais il aimait aussi le maquillage qui entoure les yeux et les fenêtres qui encadrent le ciel. On interroge cette fascination. Sa racine est énergétique – le cadre convertit la vaporisation en concentration. Tout est là. Mais il y a plus : nous avons besoin de cadres pour tenir nos fantômes. C’est ce que révèle une analyse du poème multiple « Un fantôme » dont la troisième section s’intitule « Le cadre ». Le cadre relève de l’esthétique baudelairienne et plus encore de l’imaginaire de la forme qui structure sa poétique. Le poème a besoin d’un cadre. Le poème est un cadre.
Senghor - Pierre Emmanuel : une poésie de l’angoisse ?
Authors: Fondville Geneviève
Published: April 2015

Si le terme d’angoisse est tenu pour un mot-clé de l’univers poétique de Senghor, et si la poésie de Pierre Emmanuel peut être lue comme « une poésie de l’angoisse », il ne faut pas s’y tromper. L’angoisse est pour eux synonyme d’exigence créatrice. Aiguillon de l’Être, l’angoisse déprend de soi, évide, pour ouvrir à l’abîme de l’Autre. La parole poétique ne sort que comme réponse à cette provocation du vide. L’angoisse, inscrivant le poète dans un face à face muet qui se mue en un cri adressé à une transcendance personnelle, témoigne contre la mort de l’homme.
Young Language Learners’ Collaborative Learning and Social Interaction as a Motivational Aspect of the iPad
Authors: Alhinty Mona
Published: April 2015

Second language (L2) motivation is of great importance for young foreign language learners, as it can both attract their interest towards learning the target language and improve their L2 achievements. Supporting students’ need for relatedness (along with a need for competence and autonomy) is claimed to enhance behaviors that are self-motivated and self-determined. The purpose of this study is to explore the affordances of tablet technologies, such as Apple iPads, for satisfying young language learners’ need for relatedness, both in classroom collaborative learning and social interactions beyond the school settings. The key findings of this qualitative study suggest the iPad’s potentiality for promoting L2 motivation through exploiting its affordances to enhance collaborative learning and social development.
Computational Analytical Framework for Affective Modeling
Authors: Hudlicka Eva
Published: April 2015

Computational affective models are being developed both to elucidate affective mechanisms, and to enhance believability of synthetic agents and robots. Yet in spite of the rapid growth of computational affective modeling, no systematic guidelines exist for model design and analysis. Lack of systematic guidelines contributes to ad hoc design practices, hinders model sharing and re-use, and makes systematic comparison of existing models and theories challenging. Lack of a common computational terminology also hinders cross-disciplinary communication that is essential to advance our understanding of emotions. In this chapter the author proposes a computational analytical framework to provide a basis for systematizing affective model design by: (1) viewing emotion models in terms of two core types: emotion generation and emotion effects, and (2) identifying the generic computational tasks necessary to implement these processes. The chapter then discusses how these computational ‘building blocks' can support the development of design guidelines, and a systematic analysis of distinct emotion theories and alternative means of their implementation.
Representing Emotions as Dynamic Interactions of Symbols
Authors: Băltoiu Andra , Buiu Cătălin
Published: April 2015

This chapter proposes an emotional architecture organized around three pairs of antithetic universal symbols, or archetypes, derived from analytic psychology and anthropological accounts of mythical thinking. Their functions, relationships and interactions, on different levels of complexity within a dynamical system that mimics human emotional processes, are described by a formal model and a constructed ontology. The aim of the model is characterizing symbolic reasoning and figurative and analogue mechanisms of mental imagery associated with the internal representations of events. An automatic method for metaphor recognition and interpretation is proposed, targeting the identification of the proposed universal symbols in literary texts.
The Embodiment of Synthetic Emotion
Authors: Herrera Carlos , Sánchez-Escribano M.G. , Sanz Ricardo
Published: April 2015

Emotions are fundamentally embodied phenomena - but what exactly does this mean? And how is embodiment relevant for synthetic emotion? The specific role of embodied processes in the organisation of cognition and behaviour in biological systems is too complex to analyse without abstracting away the vast majority of variables. Robotic approaches have thus ignored physiological processes. At most, they hypothesise that homeostatic processes play a role in the cognitive economy of the agent – “gut feeling” is the embodied phenomenon to be modelled. Physiological processes play an actual role in the control of behaviour and interaction dynamics beyond information-processing. In this chapter, the authors introduce a novel approach to emotion synthesis based on the notion of morphofunctionality: the capacity to modulate the function of subsystems, changing the overall functionality of the system. Morphofunctionality provides robots with the capacity to control action readiness, and this in turn is a fundamental phenomenon for the emergence of emotion.
Fiscal Integration and Harmonization
Authors: Alganer Yalçın , Yılmaz Güneş
Published: April 2015

The concept of integration expresses an extremely fundamental and complicated formation. Despite such important and complicated issues and problems, Europe has made considerable progress and developments and been able to form the European Economic Community first and then the European Communities, and finally the European Union. It is necessary to precisely and smoothly complete the three stages of integration in order to mention about an exact integration. These stages, economic integration, fiscal integration, and political integration are discussed within this chapter. The first stage, economic integration, can be achieved only with the integration of the trade among the elements of the integration. Hence, it is required to seek for the fiscal harmonization of the tax legislation that is the most important competition breaker element in the field in question. A complete economic integration will be possible only by providing this fiscal harmonization.
EU Health Policy
Authors: Cavlak Hakan , Işik Abdülkadir , Günaydin Davuthan
Published: April 2015

Although not openly identified in treaties until the Maastricht Treaty, health has always been a crucial area for the European Union (EU), since freedoms provided and regulations brought by common market also dealt with several sections of the health sector. All concerning parts of health sector have to be subject to both freedoms and regulations of single market system. Despite the value given to health and related issues, a separate or supranational policy dealing with health issues has not been formed by the EU. The member states keep their privilege on health policies. However, the EU does not stay completely aside of health issues; on the contrary, the EU got involved in certain areas of health, especially the ones which have cross-border implications. In this chapter, the matter of to what extent the EU got involved in health issues is researched and the question of if the EU has a concrete health policy is analyzed.
Fiscal Paradises and G-20 as a Global Decision Maker
Authors: Dogan Alper
Published: April 2015

Fiscal Paradises are described as the “dark side of globalization” because of the negative role they have been playing in the global economy. Today, they are an extremely important reason of tax evasion and tax avoidance, financial instability, money laundering, terrorist finance, and other issues. Recent actions by G-20 have focused on fiscal paradise countries, targeting tax evasion and avoidance issues, because of the fact that the economic crisis in 2008 has showed the destructive influence of fiscal paradises in the economy not only on national but also on international level. The following year, in 2009, struggling with the fiscal paradises was the main focus of the G-20 London Summit. In addition, the following four G-20 summits refined the issue concern in fiscal paradises. This chapter aims to explain what has been achieved regarding the fiscal paradise problems at G-20 summits since the economic crisis of 2008.
Relationships between Financial Development, Trade Openness, and Economic Growth
Authors: Seker Fahri , Cetin Murat , Topcu Birol , Seren Gamze Yıldız
Published: April 2015

The aim of this chapter is to investigate the cointegration and causal relationship between financial development, trade openness, and economic growth in Turkey for the period of 1980-2012. To analyze the data, the bounds testing and Johansen-Juselius approaches to cointegration and Granger causality test based on vector error-correction model are employed. The cointegration tests suggest that there is a long-run relationship between the variables. The Granger causality test reveals long-run bidirectional causality between trade openness and economic growth. The findings also indicate unidirectional causality running from financial development to trade openness and economic growth in the long run as well as a bi-directional causality between financial development and economic growth in the short run. The results support supply-leading and trade-led growth hypotheses. Therefore, it can be suggested that Turkey can accelerate its economic growth by improving its financial systems and encouraging foreign trade.
The TTIP and the SCO in the Light of the Success Conditions for Economic Integration
Authors: Sorhun Engin
Published: April 2015

The last global economic crisis has prompted new dynamics in the scope of economic integration: On the one hand, the Transatlantic economy witnessed the formation of the largest economic integration in the human history: the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). On the other hand, Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) recently adopted the economic vision for initiating an economic integration. Since both integration projects were recently launched, this chapter is intended to make a small contribution to the limited scientific resources available to policymakers, academicians, NGOs, etc. In this respect, this chapter first presents a set of political, economic, institutional, and natural conditions suggested in the principal economic integration literature for the success of a regional economic bloc. Second, it aims at evaluating the TTIP and the SCO in the light of these success conditions.
Understanding The Political Economy of Novel Metropolitan Governance Schemes of Turkish Local Management System
Authors: Özer Buğra , Ay Hakan , Merter Mehmet Emin
Published: April 2015

This chapter tackles with different dimensions the new brave world of Turkish metropolitan policymaking within the context of Law No: 6360, namely the administrative aspects, the public financial characteristics, along with the political dimensions. The problematization of the work, simply, follows how regionalism and globalization have come and interacted to render such a reform in Turkish local management units, under the rule of the Justice and Development Party (JDP-Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi). The effort shall also tackle the philosophy and the rationale of the new system in reference to regionalism and globalization with the need to underline the ramifications of the implementation of the new scheme in Turkey.
A User Satisfaction Study of London's Congestion Charge e-Service
Authors: Lee Habin , Sivarajah Uthayasankar , Molnar Andreea , Weerakkody Vishanth , Irani Zahir
Published: April 2015

The importance of evaluation and optimization of electronic government (e-government) services is imperative if the government organisations are to have an effective impact on the success and take-up of the services offered. Transport For London's (TFL) London Congestion Charging (LCC) is one of the innovative electronic services (e-services) introduced by the United Kingdom (UK) government to the citizens. While some studies have addressed the impact of the introduction of the congestion charge there has been a dearth of research performed to address user (citizen) satisfaction of the online LCC system. Therefore, this research seeks to measure the citizen satisfaction of using the LCC online payment system offered by TFL. The citizen satisfaction in this context is measured using the four dimensions from the COBRA framework that comprise the cost, opportunity, benefits and risk assessment constructs. This paper presents the findings of a survey of 500 users of the TFL LCC online payment system. It also reports the qualitative feedback obtained from the participants that can be used to determine the areas that need further improvement in the current LCC e-service and potential influences on user satisfaction.
Enhancing Emergency Response Management using Emergency Description Information Technology (EDIT)
Authors: Erskine Michael A. , Pepper Will
Published: April 2015

This paper presents a novel approach toward facilitating the effective collection and communication of information during an emergency. Initially, this research examines current emergency response information workflows and emergency responder dispatch criteria. A process for the optimization of these workflows and criteria, along with a suggested method to improve data collection accuracy and emergency response time using a mobile device application, are suggested. Specifically, a design-science approach incorporating the development of an expert system designed to facilitate efficient and effective sharing of emergency information is applied. The resulting benefits could improve emergency communications during large-scale international gatherings, such as sporting events or festivals, as well as the sharing of industry-specific safety incidents. A process model for conducting analyses of additional emergency response processes is also presented. Finally, future research directions are discussed.
A New Approach of an Intelligent E-Learning System Based On Learners' Skill Level and Learners' Success Rate
Authors: Mohamed Hafidi , Lamia Mahnane
Published: April 2015

Learners usually meet cognitive overload and disorientation problems when using e-learning system. At present, most of the studies in e-learning either concentrate on the technological aspect or focus on adapting learner's interests or browsing behaviors, while, learner's skill level and learners' success rate is usually neglected. In this paper, the authors propose an online course generation based not only on the difficulty level of a learning unit, but also the changing learning performance of the individual learner during the learning process. Therefore, considering learner's skill level and learners' success rate can promote personalized learning performance. Learners' skill level is obtained from pre-test result analysis, while learners' success rate is acquired through specific tests after completing a learning unit. After computing success rate of a learning unit, the system then modifies the difficulty level of the corresponding learning unit to update courseware material sequencing. Experiment results indicate that applying the proposed intelligent e-learning system can generate high quality learning paths, and help learners to learn more effectively.
The Process of Strategic, Agile, Innovation Development
Authors: Teoh Say Yen , Cai Shun
Published: April 2015

Despite many attempts to introduce computerization in the healthcare industry, the majority of the current healthcare information systems still fail to meet the rising expectations of patients for service. This study aims to understand how agility and innovation capabilities can be strategically nurtured, developed, and managed to upgrade the quality of healthcare services. Based on a case study, a process model is developed to explain that an agile innovation strategy is a complex helix process involving a firm's sensitivity and responsiveness to integrating and reconfiguring its resources to cope with innovative change. Three key managerial contributions for IT and medical practitioners are presented.
The Strategic Association between Information and Communication Technologies and Sustainability
Authors: Wu Sarah Jinhui , Raghupathi Wullianallur
Published: April 2015

The authors investigate the strategic association between information and communication technologies (ICTs) and sustainability using empirical data. Their hypothesis is that ICTs can promote a country's sustainability. In their framework the authors include the ICT factors of access, quality, affordability, applications, and institutional efficiency & sustainability. Sustainability is represented by individual development indicators, grouped in the clusters of environment, transportation infrastructure, energy consumption efficiency, economic development, and education. Using secondary data on ICTs and sustainability development indicators for countries from the World Bank, meanwhile controlling for the wealth effect, our main multivariate result indicates that ICTs factors have a positive association with sustainability. ICTs, therefore, have the potential to promote sustainability. The authors' results are useful in shaping strategic policy decisions that involve the nature and extent of investment in ICT infrastructure at the country level.
T Follicular Helper, but Not Th1, Cell Differentiation in the Absence of Conventional Dendritic Cells
Authors: Dahlgren Madelene W. , Gustafsson-Hedberg Tobias , Livingston Megan , Cucak Helena , Alsén Samuel , Yrlid Ulf , Johansson-Lindbom Bengt
Published: April 2015

Development of long-lived humoral immunity is dependent on CXCR5-expressing T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, which develop concomitantly to effector Th cells that support cellular immunity. Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are critical APCs for initial priming of naive CD4+ T cells but, importantly, also provide accessory signals that govern effector Th cell commitment. To define the accessory role of cDCs during the concurrent development of Tfh and effector Th1 cells, we performed high-dose Ag immunization in conjunction with the Th1-biased adjuvant polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (pI:C). In the absence of cDCs, pI:C failed to induce Th1 cell commitment and IgG2c production. However, cDC depletion did not impair Tfh cell differentiation or germinal center formation, and long-lived IgG1 responses of unaltered affinity developed in mice lacking cDCs at the time point for immunization. Thus, cDCs are required for the pI:C-driven Th1 cell fate commitment but have no crucial accessory function in relation to Tfh cell differentiation.
Endoplasmic Protein Nogo-B (RTN4-B) Interacts with GRAMD4 and Regulates TLR9-Mediated Innate Immune Responses
Authors: Kimura Toshifumi , Endo Shota , Inui Masanori , Saitoh Shin-Ichiroh , Miyake Kensuke , Takai Toshiyuki
Published: April 2015

TLRs are distributed in their characteristic cellular or subcellular compartments to efficiently recognize specific ligands and to initiate intracellular signaling. Whereas TLRs recognizing pathogen-associated lipids or proteins are localized to the cell surface, nucleic acid–sensing TLRs are expressed in endosomes and lysosomes. Several endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–resident proteins are known to regulate the trafficking of TLRs to the specific cellular compartments, thus playing important roles in the initiation of innate immune responses. In this study, we show that an ER-resident protein, Nogo-B (or RTN4-B), is necessary for immune responses triggered by nucleic acid–sensing TLRs, and that a newly identified Nogo-B–binding protein (glucosyltransferases, Rab-like GTPase activators and myotubularins [GRAM] domain containing 4 [GRAMD4]) negatively regulates the responses. Production of inflammatory cytokines in vitro by macrophages stimulated with CpG-B oligonucleotides or polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid was attenuated in the absence of Nogo-B, which was also confirmed in serum samples from Nogo-deficient mice injected with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid. Although a deficiency of Nogo-B did not change the incorporation or delivery of CpG to endosomes, the localization of TLR9 to endolysosomes was found to be impaired. We identified GRAMD4 as a downmodulator for TLR9 response with a Nogo-B binding ability in ER, because our knockdown and overexpression experiments indicated that GRAMD4 suppresses the TLR9 response and knockdown of Gramd4 strongly enhanced the response in the absence of Nogo-B. Our findings indicate a critical role of Nogo-B and GRAMD4 in trafficking of TLR9.