bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Magnetic Nanoparticles Interaction on Inert Carriers
Authors: Gafarova V.A. , Kuzeev I.R. , Schipachev Andrei M.
Published: July 2020

The present studies are devoted to studying the behavior of the nanopart during their interaction with the surface. Small additives in composite materials significantly increase their strength and other operational properties. When carrying out repairs in the oil and gas industry, it is promising to fill the detected cracks and crack-like defects with composite material, the distinguishing feature of which is high fluidity and penetration at the time of filling. After hardening, such composites must meet all the requirements for strength and durability. Such properties can be obtained using magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. In the molding process, a balance must be maintained between the adhesive strength of the composite compound and its cohesive strength. For this, it is crucial to know the underlying mechanisms of the formation of thin films containing nanoparticles on the surface of various structural materials.
Telemedicine Experiences of Athletic Trainers and Orthopaedic Physicians for Patients With Musculoskeletal Conditions
Authors: Winkelmann Zachary K. , Eberman Lindsey E. , Games Kenneth E.
Published: July 2020

Context

Telemedicine is the delivery of medical care from a distance using technology. The integration of telemedicine as a supplement to musculoskeletal-based patient encounters may be feasible in sports medicine.

Objective

To investigate health care professionals' perceptions of and experiences with telemedicine.

Design

Cross-sectional explanatory sequential mixed-methods study.

Patients or Other Participants

A purposeful sample of 17 athletic trainers from a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I institution and 5 orthopaedic physicians from a sports medicine clinic located 92 miles from the campus.

Intervention(s)

Participants were trained on the telemedicine platform and used it over 5 months for initial, follow-up, and discharge patient encounters.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Participants completed a preintervention survey containing the Theory of Planned Behavior and Technology Acceptance Model tool. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and an independent-samples t test. After the intervention period, participants completed individual semistructured interviews that we coded using the consensual qualitative research tradition.

Results

From the interviews, the clinicians were characterized as telemedicine adopters (n = 14) or nonadopters (n = 8). The adopters reported higher levels of agreement on the Theory of Planned Behavior and Technology Acceptance Model tool as compared with nonadopters for all constructs. When comparing adoption status, we identified a difference (P < .01), with nonadopters reporting a low level of agreement for the subjective norm construct. The interviews revealed 5 domains: integration challenges, integration opportunities, collaborative practice, anticipatory socialization to future use, and benefits of integration. The participants indicated that integration challenges centered on “buy in,” whereas opportunities aligned with the patient's condition and technology ease of use. They reflected that the telemedicine encounters required more preparation and yet allowed for cooperative behaviors between clinicians. The benefits of telemedicine included convenience and scheduling preferences that encouraged future use.

Conclusions

The integration of telemedicine in sports medicine brought about both challenges and opportunities for collaboration among athletic trainers and physicians that were heavily predetermined by the social pressures of colleagues.
Indian Council of Medical Research's International Collaboration & Partnerships; Health Ministry's Screening Committee
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Sandhu Harpreet , Roshan Reema
Published: July 2020

There is a great interest among various international agencies/countries in developing partnership with Indian research organizations, particularly with the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) for biomedical research. The ICMR is actively involved in governance and co-ordination of partnerships with several international organizations and agencies. Various MoUs (Memorandum of Understanding)/agreements of ICMR with international partners bring together the researchers and resources towards progression through shared research and innovation agenda. Growing collaboration during recent years is reflected through increased number of internationally funded/technically coordinated research projects in health research. However, for any international collaborative research study to be undertaken in India, certain regulatory requirements are to be fulfilled. This article summarizes the international partnerships of ICMR as well as the details of guidelines regarding submission of international collaborative research projects for the Health Ministry's Screening Committee (HMSC), which is a mandatory requirement before undertaking such projects.
Accelerating the Internet in the presence of Big Data: Reducing user delays by leveraging historical user request patterns for web caching
Authors: Kumar Chetan , Marston Sean
Published: July 2020

Approximately 4 billion people have access to the Internet, additionally 23 billion devices are connected as of 2018. This has allowed for a substantial growth in data collection which has allowed for Big Data to flourish. The continued increase in user, devices, and Big Data usage has created a significant intensification in Internet traffic. This in turn has the potential to increase user delays when accessing data on the Internet. There are a number of ways to help reduce user latency, web caching is able to reduce web user delays in addition to reducing network traffic and the load on web servers. In this study we propose a proxy level web caching mechanism leveraging historical web patterns to help reduce user latency and accelerate the Internet. In addition we survey the state of the art of other caching approaches. Our investigation shows there is useful potential for effective proxy caching mechanisms that exploit historical request patterns to significantly reduce delays for web users if they were to be deployed in large scale networks in this Big Data era.
Multicriteria analysis of the compliance for the improvement of information security
Authors: Solana-González Pedro , Vanti Adolfo Alberto , Hackbart Souza Fontana Karen
Published: July 2020

Information security is a current issue of protection of information assets that considers significant variables of a strategic, organizational and IT governance nature, and that requires to analyze the compliance with international standards that regulate business actions. In this way, the work analyzes institutional compliance to improve information security applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process methodology to the specific practices defined in ISO/IEC 27002:2013. Expert Choice has been used as Decision Support Systems that has generated as a result the ranking of priorities of the criteria and alternatives used in the decisional process, been applied later in a medium-sized Brazilian industrial company. The results identify the main security practice related to the independent critical analysis of information security.
The Usefulness and Usability of Moodle LMS as Employed by Zarqa University in Jordan
Authors: Hasan Layla
Published: July 2020

This research investigates the usefulness and usability of Moodle LMS, as employed by a case study university (Zarqa University), based on students’ experience with Moodle LMS on desktop/laptop and mobile/tablet interfaces. A total of 320 students participated in this research in two stages. The results of this research showed that the students at Zarqa University used frequently only two features on Moodle on both its interfaces. The results of this research also showed that a large number of the students required the provision of 15 features on the local instance of Moodle which are not currently provided. Furthermore, the results showed that a large number of the students identified nine usability problems on the interfaces of Moodle, and a large number suggested nine improvements to the design of Moodle to make it more usable. Finally, this research suggests recommendations to improve the usefulness and usability of Moodle LMS as used by the case study university.
Evaluating the Reliability and Validity of the Short Gambling Harm Screen: Are Binary Scales worse than Likert Scales at capturing Gambling Harm?
Authors: McLauchlan James , Browne Matthew , Russell Alex M T , Rockloff Matthew
Published: July 2020

Gambling-related harm has become a key metric for measuring the adverse consequences of gambling on a population level. Yet, despite this renewed understanding in contemporary research, little exploration has been conducted to evaluate which instrument is best suited to capture the harmful consequences of gambling. This study was designed with the aim of determining whether Likert scales were better suited to capture gambling harm than binary scales. We hypothesized that the Short Gambling Harm Screen (SGHS), initially scored using a binary scale, would perform similarly to the alternate form that was Likertized for the purpose of this study. A corresponding comparison in the reverse direction was executed for the Problem Gambling Severity Index. The SGHS’s performance was assessed via a repeated-measures design in combination with three other measures of validity administered at the conclusion of the survey. In the end, we found that changing the scoring format (i.e., from binary to Likert) had negligible impact on the SGHS’s psychometric performance. We conclude that the original scoring method of the SGHS is not only appropriate but also no less suitable than Likert scales in measuring gambling harm.RésuméLes dommages liés au jeu sont devenus une mesure clé pour évaluer les conséquences néfastes du jeu à l’échelle de la population. Pourtant, malgré cette compréhension renouvelée dans la recherche contemporaine, on effectue très peu d’exploration pour évaluer quel instrument est le mieux adapté pour comprendre les conséquences néfastes du jeu. Cette étude a été conçue dans le but de déterminer si les échelles de Likert étaient mieux adaptées que les échelles binaires pour saisir les dommages liés au jeu. Nous avons émis l’hypothèse que le dépistage rapide du jeu problématique (Short Gambling Harm Screen ou SGHS), initialement évalué à l’aide d’une échelle binaire, ne fonctionnera pas différemment de la forme de Likert alternative qui a été créée aux fins de cette étude. Une comparaison correspondante dans la direction inverse a été effectuée pour l'indice de gravité du jeu excessif (PGSI). Les performances du SGHS ont été évaluées par un plan de mesures répétées, combinés à trois autres mesures de validité administrées à la fin du sondage. En fin de compte, nous avons constaté que le changement du format de pointage (c.-à-d. du binaire au Likert) avait un impact négligeable sur le rendement psychométrique du SGHS. Nous concluons que la méthode de pointage originale du SGHS est non seulement appropriée, mais également non moins appropriée que les échelles de Likert pour évaluer les dommages liés au jeu.
Workers' debt-financed consumption: a supermultiplier stock–flow consistent model
Authors: Mandarino Gabriel Vieira , Dos Santos Claudio H, , Silva Antonio Carlos Macedo e
Published: July 2020

This paper presents a supermultiplier stock–flow consistent model of economic growth led by debt-financed consumption of workers. In so doing it tries to shed light on the financial requirements of growth trajectories based on induced investment. The model explicitly derives the aggregate financial needs of both workers and firms and how these needs can be met by the banking sector – mapping out all the stock and flow implications of the assumed financial transactions for all sectors of the economy at hand. An analytic solution for the nature of the steady states of the model is then provided and its dynamic properties analysed by means of computer simulations.
5.Coaching, equipos de trabajo y aprendizaje en organizaciones universitarias
Authors: Maldonado Marisabel , Sánchez Thaleidys , Mendoza Genyer
Published: July 2020

Es propósito de este trabajo examinar, la estructuración de equipos de trabajo para coadyuvar el aprendizaje transformacional en organizaciones universitarias, mediante el empleo del coaching. Para ello se presenta una experiencia innovadora, como indicativo de que los equipos son la unidad clave para desarrollar en cada uno de sus integrantes, la capacidad infinita de aprendizaje y de transformación. Los principios del coaching se aplican en la experiencia con la finalidad de preparar a los equipos de trabajo en el uso de sus potencialidades, guiados por una visión compartida y empleando la reflexión, la indagación y las conversaciones efectivas. La experiencia surge de una investigación cualitativa, definida por el método de la investigación acción- participativa. Se evidencia en el desarrollo de la experiencia una mejora en el aprendizaje de los docentes universitarios, en cuanto a su manera de organizarse y trabajar productivamente en equipo.
The Renewed Relevancy of High-Impact Practices (HIP): Doubling Down on our HIP Identity in Support of Responsible IB Education
Authors: Schmidt-King Astrid
Published: July 2020

While the utilization of High-Impact Practices (HIPs) in higher education is not a new phenomenon, their potential value to international business (IB) education should not be overlooked or underestimated, especially at a time when IB educators need to act strategically and demonstrate the relevancy and value-proposition of IB education in developing global leaders. This article examines the intrinsic value of IB’s interdisciplinary nature and its important relationship with globalization. It then explores two HIPs, e-portfolios and phenomenon-based capstone projects, which are uniquely positioned to enhance and showcase the inherent transformative nature of IB learning and highlight its distinct pedagogical approach.
Rei Congo foi pra guerra, ai meu Deus como será? Explorando experiências de negociação entre pessoas escravizadas e senhores na Insurreição do Queimado e na origem do ciclo folclórico das bandas de congo no Espírito Santo
Authors: Dal Col Costa Michel
Published: July 2020

Este artigo busca sistematizar algumas impressões obtidas em pesquisas sobre a escravidão e a cultura popular na região central do Espírito Santo.  Serão revisitados dois fatos marcantes da história local com um esforço de identificar um nexo histórico e narrativo entre eles. O primeiro fato é a Insurreição do Queimado, uma revolta escrava ocorrida em uma das freguesias da Comarca capital da província, Vitória, em 1849. E o segundo fato é um conjunto de festas e folguedos populares com origem na população negra, surgidas no período da escravidão e permanentes até os dias atuais em uma área cultural que abrange grande parte do Espírito Santo. Para tanto, o trabalho apresentará, primeiramente, a revolta e desvendará um pouco das características históricas da região na qual ela ocorreu, depois serão apresentados aspectos da origem e da descrição do ciclo folclórico das bandas de congo.
Self-reported hearing difficulty, subjective well-being and social relationships among older adults in Ghana
Authors: Yawson Alfred E , Tetteh John , Adomako Isaac , Yamson Phaedra , Searyoh Kafui , Mensah George , Biritwum Richard K
Published: July 2020

Background: Hearing difficulty negatively impacts individual relationships with family and friends and other social relationships.

Objective:This research was conducted to determine the factors significantly influencing self-reported hearing difficulty (SHD) and further to assess the influence of SHD on social relationship among older adults in Ghana.

Methods: World Health Organization’s Studyon Global AGEing and Adult Health Ghana dataset for older adults 50 yr. and above was used for this study. Social relationship and hearing difficulty were the primary and secondary outcomes respectively. A modified Poisson with Mahalanobis distance matching within propensity caliper was employed to determine the different influences on social relationships by SHD. All analysis was performed using the statistical software Stata Version 15 and with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%.

Results: The prevalence of SHD among older adults in Ghana was 19.5% (95%CI=16.9-22.3). Rao-Scott test of association showed that all covariates (demographic characteristics, self-rated health, quality of life, life satisfaction and unhealthy lifestyle) were significantly associated with SHD (p<0.05). Sensitivity analysis showed that, SHD predicted a significantly decreased probability count of social relationship among older adults with SHD [adjusted prevalence ratio(95%CI)=-0.08(-0.15-0.02)]. Binary and ordinal outcomes showed that among the older adults with SHD, only 35% and 70% respectively were likely to have a good social relationship [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) (95%CI)=0.65(0.46-0.90) and aOR (95%CI)=0.70(0.51-0.96)respectively].

Conclusion: Overall, the prevalence of hearing loss in older adults in Ghana was 19.5%, and was higher among older adult females. This high prevalence of SHD had significant negative effect on social relationships among the older adults. In line with global efforts to reduce effect of hearing loss, it is imperative that, clinical assessment of hearing loss should always consider the social characteristics of the older adult.
Dificuldades na consulta clínica e nutricional de surdos no Brasil: revisão de literatura
Authors: Nerys Fernanda , Koepp Janine , Costa Bartira Ercília Pinheiro da , Baron Miriam Viviane
Published: July 2020

O objetivo do estudo foi realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre a pessoa surda e as dificuldades enfrentadas na consulta com profissionais da saúde, principalmente o nutricionista no Brasil. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura. Foi realizada busca em bases de dados do SciELO e Google Acadêmico. Os descritores utilizados foram “Libras”, “surdos”, “saúde” e “nutrição”. Foram selecionados estudos no idioma português. Também foi consultada a legislação vigente no país relacionada ao deficiente auditivo e o Código de Ética e de Conduta do Nutricionista. A pesquisa mostrou que os estudos relacionados com o tema são poucos e remetem a mesma problemática: a dificuldade na comunicação entre o portador de surdez e o profissional de saúde, com foco no nutricionista. A inclusão da disciplina de Libras na grade curricular da graduação, e a participação do Estado como provedor de intérpretes e capacitação de profissionais da saúde pode contribuir no atendimento adequado ao surdo.
A formação inicial docente em Educação Física a partir do Programa Residência Pedagógica: um relato de experiência
Authors: Sousa Daiane Araújo de , Barroso Mateus Lemos
Published: July 2020

O Programa Residência Pedagógica foi instituído, com o intuito de aperfeiçoar a formação dos acadêmicos de licenciatura, estimulando-os a atuar ativamente na prática de ensino, estabelecendo relações entre a teoria e a prática, além de proporcionar uma maior aproximação e fortalecimento do diálogo entre Instituição de Ensino Superior e a escola-campo. O estudo teve como objetivo relatar a experiência de uma estudante do curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará - campus Canindé, durante sua participação no Programa Residência Pedagógica. A experiência no programa contribuiu para uma construção crítica na formação inicial, onde a acadêmica e residente pôde vivenciar o “ser professor” antes mesmo de ingressar no mercado de trabalho, aliando a teoria à prática, conhecendo múltiplas realidades educacionais e assim emergindo profundamente nos desafios e possibilidades da carreira docente.
Educação profissional: um caminho para profissionalização pela reconstrução da memória
Authors: Braun Maria do Socorro de Assis
Published: July 2020

A sociedade se realiza através das pessoas, nos seus lugares e memórias. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a educação profissional no Ceará por meio da reconstrução da memória do primeiro aluno matriculado em curso profissionalizante no SENAI-CE, em 1944. O método utilizado é um estudo exploratório-descritivo na modalidade de análise bibliográfica e documental.  As duas ideias: de Bergson e Popper, não são mutuamente excludentes. A de Bergson, embora dualista, não supõe causalidade, determinismo ou finalismo, é um ato livre, independente, contingente. Na Popperiana, a ciência e o conhecimento partem de uma lógica situacional por meio de um problema e interferem no movimento das empresas. Nesse contexto, a educação profissional apresentada pelas memórias do referido estudante, encontrou sentido social e importância no conhecimento adquirido no SENAI-CE. Este aprendizado revivido nas narrativas de suas histórias, passado referido no presente, possibilitaram a construção de significados na tessitura de suas lembranças.
Narrativas de moradores do Rosado/RN: viver, contar, preservar seu lugar
Authors: Fernandes Stenio De Brito , Aguiar Ana Lúcia Oliveira , Fernandes Aleksandra Nogueira de Oliveira
Published: July 2020

Neste artigo apresentaremos os múltiplos olhares, relacionados aos espaços de saberes e fazeres da Comunidade do Rosado - distrito de Porto do Mangue/RN. Objetiva compreender por meio das narrativas (auto)biográficas e empoderamento, como moradores da Comunidade do Rosado/RN vivem e preservam seu lugar em coletividade para a construção da cidadania. É uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, usamos a pesquisa (auto)biográfica como método de investigação. Como resultados, apontamos que as narrativas e empoderamento de moradores da Comunidade do Rosado/RN, possibilitaram através da resistência, luta e preservação o direito de permanecerem nas terras, pois, as conquistas ao longo do tempo, demonstram que seus moradores estão conscientes da relevância da criação de associações, sindicatos e movimentos que reivindicam os direitos à cidadania. Por meio das narrativas (auto)biográficas, frutos das vivências sociais estabelecidas nesses espaços a preservação e o direito de permanecerem nas terras, bem como a formação dos moradores do lugar.
Os primeiros anos de docência do professor de matemática
Authors: Barbosa Daiana Estrela Ferreira , Barboza Pedro Lucio
Published: July 2020

Este artigo resulta de uma pesquisa de mestrado e tem como objetivo identificar as principais dificuldades vivenciadas por professores de matemática nos anos inicias da carreira docente. Realizamos a investigação mediante abordagem qualitativa. Para a coleta dos dados utilizamos a entrevista semiestruturada realizada com 6 professores de matemática de três escolas públicas, que vivenciam os três primeiros anos de profissão. Os dados obtidos possibilitam fazer reflexões sobre as questões que caracterizam as principais dificuldades enfrentadas pelo professor de matemática em início de carreira. Entre as dificuldades mais recorrentes estão o aspecto formal da (in)disciplina na sala de aula, a relação com os demais professores e com a gestão da escola e a surpresa com a realidade escolar encontrada, uma vez que a escola idealizada é bastante distinta da realidade encontrada.
Nano-curcumin: A Potent Enhancer of Body Antioxidant System in Diabetic Mice.
Authors: Potphode Nitin Dadasaheb , Daunde Jitesh Ankush , Desai Sneha Sampatrao , Walvekar Madhuri Vasant
Published: July 2020

Nano preparation of drug to be helpful in targeted delivery, which avoids any unwanted damage of adjacent healthy tissues. Antidiabetic compounds from natural and synthetic sources have been found to successful management of diabetes. Antioxidants are compound that protect cell against the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Curcumin has many beneficial effects against health problems; it has limited use due to its poor bioavailability as concluded by number of its pharmacokinetic studies. Since the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of curcumin nanoparticles (Nano-curcumin) on antioxidative enzymes i.e Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) in pancreas of diabetic mice. For the present investigation mice (Mus musculus) used as experimental animal. Mice were divided into four groups viz, a) Control group b) Diabetic group c) Recovery group I- Diabetic mice treated with curcumin d) Recovery group II - Diabetic mice treated with curcumin and nano-curcumin. The activity of antioxidative enzymes in the pancreas was recorded at the end of experiment. There was decrease in antioxidative enzymes in pancreas of diabetic mice compared to control. After the treatment of curcumin and curcumin nanoparticles significant increase in levels of antioxidative enzymes in recovery group I and II was observed. Moreover as compare to free curcumin nano-curcumin showed better results in enhancement of antioxidative enzymes. Thus it proves that nano-curcumin found to be potent antioxidative compound to reduced oxidative stress induced during the diabetes.

 
Observing carbon dioxide emissions over China's cities and industrial areas with the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2
Authors: Zheng Bo , Chevallier Frédéric , Ciais Philippe , Broquet Grégoire , Wang Yilong , Lian Jinghui , Zhao Yuanhong
Published: July 2020

Abstract. In order to track progress towards the global climate
targets, the parties that signed the Paris Climate Agreement will regularly
report their anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions based on
energy statistics and CO2 emission factors. Independent evaluation of
this self-reporting system is a fast-growing research topic. Here, we study
the value of satellite observations of the column CO2 concentrations to
estimate CO2 anthropogenic emissions with 5 years of the Orbiting
Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) retrievals over and around China. With the
detailed information of emission source locations and the local wind, we
successfully observe CO2 plumes from 46 cities and industrial regions
over China and quantify their CO2 emissions from the OCO-2
observations, which add up to a total of 1.3 Gt CO2 yr−1 that
accounts for approximately 13 % of mainland China's annual emissions. The
number of cities whose emissions are constrained by OCO-2 here is 3 to
10 times larger than in previous studies that only focused on large cities and
power plants in different locations around the world. Our satellite-based
emission estimates are broadly consistent with the independent values from
China's detailed emission inventory MEIC but are more different from those
of two widely used global gridded emission datasets (i.e., EDGAR and ODIAC),
especially for the emission estimates for the individual cities. These
results demonstrate some skill in the satellite-based emission
quantification for isolated source clusters with the OCO-2, despite the
sparse sampling of this instrument not designed for this purpose. This skill
can be improved by future satellite missions that will have a denser spatial
sampling of surface emitting areas, which will come soon in the early 2020s.
The potential role of organics in new particle formation and initial growth in the remote tropical upper troposphere
Authors: Kupc Agnieszka , Williamson Christina J. , Hodshire Anna L. , Kazil Jan , Ray Eric , Bui T. Paul , Dollner Maximilian , Froyd Karl D. , McKain Kathryn , Rollins Andrew , Schill Gregory P. , Thames Alexander , Weinzierl Bernadett B. , Pierce Jeffrey R. , Brock Charles A.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Global observations and model studies indicate that new particle formation (NPF) in the upper troposphere (UT) and subsequent particles supply 40–60 % of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the lower troposphere, thus affecting the Earth's radiative budget. There are several plausible nucleation mechanisms and precursor species in this atmospheric region, which, in the absence of observational constraints, lead to uncertainties in modeled aerosols. In particular, the type of nucleation mechanism and concentrations of nucleation precursors, in part, determine the spatial distribution of new particles and resulting spatial distribution of CCN from this source. Although substantial advances in understanding NPF have been made in recent years, NPF processes in the UT in pristine marine regions are still poorly understood and are inadequately represented in global models. Here, we evaluate commonly used and state-of-the-art NPF schemes in a Lagrangian box model to assess which schemes and precursor concentrations best reproduce detailed in situ observations. Using measurements of aerosol size distributions (0.003
Using two-stream theory to capture fluctuations of satellite-perceived TOA SW radiances reflected from clouds over ocean
Authors: Tornow Florian , Domenech Carlos , Barker Howard W. , Preusker René , Fischer Jürgen
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Shortwave (SW) fluxes estimated from broadband radiometry rely on
empirically gathered and hemispherically resolved fields of outgoing
top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiances. This study aims to provide more
accurate and precise fields of TOA SW radiances reflected from clouds
over ocean by introducing a novel semiphysical model predicting
radiances per narrow sun-observer geometry. This model was
statistically trained using CERES-measured radiances paired with
MODIS-retrieved cloud parameters as well as reanalysis-based
geophysical parameters. By using radiative transfer approximations as
a framework to ingest the above parameters, the new approach incorporates
cloud-top effective radius and above-cloud water vapor in addition to
traditionally used cloud optical depth, cloud fraction, cloud phase,
and surface wind speed. A two-stream cloud albedo – serving to
statistically incorporate cloud optical thickness and cloud-top
effective radius – and Cox–Munk ocean reflectance were used to
describe an albedo over each CERES footprint. Effective-radius-dependent asymmetry parameters were obtained empirically and
separately for each viewing-illumination geometry. A simple equation
of radiative transfer, with this albedo and attenuating above-cloud
water vapor as inputs, was used in its log-linear form to allow for
statistical optimization. We identified the two-stream functional
form that minimized radiance residuals calculated against CERES
observations and outperformed the state-of-the-art approach for most
observer geometries outside the sun-glint and solar zenith angles
between 20 and 70∘, reducing the median SD
of radiance residuals per solar geometry by up to 13.2 % for
liquid clouds, 1.9 % for ice clouds, and 35.8 % for
footprints containing both cloud phases. Geometries affected by
sun glint (constituting between 10 % and 1 % of the
discretized upward hemisphere for solar zenith angles of 20 and
70∘, respectively), however, often showed weaker
performance when handled with the new approach and had increased
residuals by as much as 60 % compared to the state-of-the-art
approach. Overall, uncertainties were reduced for liquid-phase and
mixed-phase footprints by 5.76 % and 10.81 %,
respectively, while uncertainties for ice-phase footprints increased
by 0.34 %. Tested for a variety of scenes, we further
demonstrated the plausibility of scene-wise predicted radiance
fields. This new approach may prove useful when employed in angular
distribution models and may result in improved flux estimates, in
particular dealing with clouds characterized by small or large
droplet/crystal sizes.
Enrichment of trace metals from acid sulphate soils in sediments of the
Kvarken Archipelago, eastern Gulf of Bothnia, Baltic Sea
Authors: Virtasalo Joonas J. , Österholm Peter , Kotilainen Aarno T. , Åström Mats E.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Rivers draining the acid sulphate soils of western Finland are known to deliver large amounts of trace metals with detrimental environmental consequences to the recipient estuaries in the eastern Gulf of Bothnia, northern Baltic Sea. However, the distribution of these metals in the coastal sea area, and the relevant metal transport mechanisms have been less studied. This study investigates the spatial and temporal distribution of metals in 9 sediment cores, collected from the Kvarken Archipelago, which is the recipient of Laihianjoki and Sulvanjoki Rivers that are impacted by acid sulphate soils. The contents of Cd, Co, Cu, La, Mn, Ni and Zn increase in the cores during the 1960s and 1970s as a consequence of intensive artificial drainage of the acid sulphate soil landscape. The metal deposition has remained at the high level since the 1980s. The metal enrichment in seafloor sediments is currently visible at least 25 km seaward from the river mouths. Comparison to sediment quality guidelines shows that the metal contents are very likely to cause detrimental effects on marine biota more than 12 km out from the river mouths. The dynamic sedimentary environment of the shallow archipelago makes these sediments potential future sources of metals to the ecosystem. Finally, the strong association of metals and nutrients to the same sediment grain size class of 2–6 µm indicates that the transformation of dissolved organic matter and metals to metal-organic aggregates at the river mouths is the key mechanism of seaward trace metal transport, in addition to co-precipitation with Mn-oxyhydroxides identified in previous studies. The large share of terrestrial organic carbon of the total organic C in these sediments (interquartile range = 39–48 %) highlights the importance of riverine organic matter supply. These findings are important for the estimation of environmental risks and the management of biologically-sensitive coastal sea ecosystems.
Contrasted release of insoluble elements (Fe, Al, REE, Th, Pa)
after dust deposition in seawater: a tank experiment approach
Authors: Roy-Barman Matthieu , Folio Lorna , Douville Eric , Leblond Nathalie , Gazeau Fréderic , Bressac Matthieu , Wagener Thibaut , Ridame Céline , Desboeufs Karine , Guieu Cécile
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The release of lithogenic elements (which are often assumed to be insoluble) such as Aluminum (Al), Iron (Fe), Rare Earth Elements (REE), Thorium (Th) and Protactinium (Pa) by Saharan dust reaching Mediterranean seawater was studied through tank experiments over 3 to 4 days under controlled conditions including control without dust addition and dust seeding under present and future climate conditions (+3 °C and −0.3 pH unit). Unfiltered surface seawater from 3 oligotrophic regions (Tyrrhenian Sea, Ionian Sea and Algerian Basin) were used. The maximum dissolution fractions were low for all seeding experiments: less than 0.3 % for Fe, 1 % for 232Th and Al, about 2–5 % for REE and less than 6 % for Pa. Different behaviors were observed: dissolved Al increased until the end of the experiments, Fe did not dissolve significantly and Th and light REE were scavenged back on the particles after a fast initial release. The constant 230Th/232Th ratio during the scavenging phase suggests that there is little or no further dissolution after the initial Th release. Quite unexpectedly, comparison of present and future conditions indicates that changes in temperature and/or pH influence the release of thorium and REE in seawater, leading to a lower Th release and a higher light REE release under increased greenhouse conditions.
OSL rock surface exposure dating as a novel approach for
reconstructing transport histories of coastal boulders over
decadal to centennial timescales
Authors: Brill Dominik , May Simon Matthias , Mhammdi Nadia , King Georgina , Burow Christoph , Wolf Dennis , Zander Anja , Lehmann Benjamin , Brückner Helmut
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Wave-transported boulders represent important records of storm and tsunami impact over geological timescales. Their use for hazard assessment requires chronological information that in many cases cannot be achieved by established dating approaches. To fill this gap, this study investigated, for the first time, the potential of optically stimulated luminescence rock surface exposure dating (OSL-RSED) for estimating transport ages of wave-emplaced coastal boulders. The approach was applied to calcarenite clasts at the Rabat coast, Morocco. Calibration of the OSL-RSED model was based on samples with rock surfaces exposed to sunlight for ~ 2 years, and OSL exposure ages were evaluated against age control deduced from satellite images. Our results show that the dating precision is limited for all boulders due to the local source rock lithology which has low amounts of quartz and feldspar. The dating accuracy may be affected by erosion rates on boulder surfaces of 0.06–0.2 mm/year. Nevertheless, we propose a robust relative chronology for boulders that are not affected by significant post-depositional erosion and that share surface angles of inclination with the calibration samples. The relative chronology indicates that (i) most boulders were moved by storm waves; (ii) these storms lifted boulders with masses of up to ~ 40 t; and (iii) the role of storms for the formation of boulder deposits along the Rabat coast is much more significant than previously assumed. Although OSL-RSED cannot provide reliable absolute exposure ages for the coastal boulders in this study, the approach has large potential for boulder deposits composed of rocks with larger amounts of quartz or feldspar, older formation histories and less susceptibility to erosion.
A Deep-Learning Hybrid-Predictive-Modeling Approach for Estimating Evapotranspiration and Ecosystem Respiration
Authors: Chen Jiancong , Dafflon Baptiste , Tran Anh Phuong , Falco Nicola , Hubbard Susan S.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Gradual changes in meteorological forcings (such as temperature and precipitation) are reshaping vulnerable ecosystems, leading to uncertain effects on ecosystem dynamics, including water and carbon fluxes. Estimating evapotranspiration (ET) and ecosystem respiration (RECO) is essential for analyzing the effect of climate change on ecosystem behavior. To obtain a better understanding of these processes, we need to improve our estimation of water and carbon fluxes over space and time, which is difficult within ecosystems where we have only sparse data. In this study, we developed a hybrid predictive modeling approach (HPM) that integrates eddy covariance measurements, physically-based model simulation results, meteorological forcings, and remote sensing datasets to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) and ecosystem respiration (RECO) in high space-time resolution. HPM relies on a deep learning algorithm-long short term memory (LSTM) – as well as direct measurements or outputs from physically-based models. We tested and validated HPM estimation results at sites within various mountainous regions, given their importance for water resources, their vulnerability to climate change, and the recognized difficulties in estimating ET and RECO in mountainous regions. We benchmarked estimates of ET and RECO obtained from the HPM method against measurements made at FLUXNET stations and outputs from the Community Land Model (CLM) at Rocky Mountain SNOTEL stations. At the mountainous East River Watershed site in the Upper Colorado River Basin, we explored how ET and RECO dynamics estimated from the new HPM approach vary with different vegetation and meteorological forcings. The results of this study indicate that HPM is capable of identifying complicated interactions among meteorological forcings, ET, and RECO variables, as well as providing reliable estimation of ET and RECO across relevant spatiotemporal scales. With HPM estimation of ET and RECO at the East River Watershed, we found that abiotic factors of temperature and radiation predominantly explained ET spatial variability; whereas RECO variability was largely controlled by biotic factors, such as vegetation type. In general, our study demonstrated that the HPM approach can circumvent the typical lack of spatiotemporally dense data needed to estimate ET and RECO over space and time, as well as the parametric and structural uncertainty inherent in mechanistic models. While the current limitations of the HPM approach are driven by the temporal and spatial resolution of available datasets (such as NDVI), ongoing advances in remote sensing are expected to further improve accuracy and resolution of ET and RECO estimation using HPM.
Quantification of Ecohydrological Sensitivities and Their Influencing Factors at the Seasonal Scale
Authors: Hou Yiping , Zhang Mingfang , Wei Xiaohua , Liu Shirong , Li Qiang , Cai Tijiu , Liu Wenfei , Zhao Runqi , Liu Xiangzhuo
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Ecohydrological sensitivity is defined as the response intensity of streamflow to per unit vegetation change. Understanding of ecohydrological sensitivity and its influencing factors is important for managing water supply, reducing water-related hazards and ensuring aquatic functions by vegetation management. However, this topic has rarely been examined. In this study, 14 large watersheds across various environmental gradients in China were selected to quantify ecohydrological sensitivities at the seasonal scale and to examine their influencing factors such as climate, vegetation, topography, soil and landscape. Based on the variables identified by correlation analysis and factor analysis, the prediction models of seasonal ecohydrological sensitivity were constructed to test their utilities for the design of watershed management and protection strategies. Our key findings were: (1) ecohydrological sensitivities were more sensitive in dry conditions than in wet conditions, for example, 1 % LAI (leaf area index) change averagely induced 5.05 % and 1.96 % change in dry and wet season streamflows, respectively; (2) seasonal ecohydrological sensitivities were highly variable across the study watersheds with different climate condition, dominant soil type and hydrological regime; and (3) the dry season ecohydrological sensitivity was mostly determined by topography (slope, slope length, valley depth, downslope distance gradient), soil (topsoil organic carbon, topsoil bulk density) and vegetation (LAI), while the wet season ecohydrological sensitivity was mainly controlled by soil (topsoil available water holding capacity), landscape (edge density) and vegetation (leaf area index). Our study provided a useful and practical framework to assess and predict ecohydrological sensitivities at the seasonal scale. We expect that ecohydrological sensitivity prediction models can be applied to ungauged watersheds or watersheds with limited hydrological data to help decision makers and watershed managers to effectively manage hydrological impacts through vegetation restoration programs. We conclude that ecohydrological sensitivities at the seasonal scale were varied by climate, vegetation and watershed property, and their understanding can greatly support management of hydrological risks and protection of aquatic functions.
Last Decade Progress in Understanding and Modeling the Land Surface Processes on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Lu Hui , Zheng Donghai , Yang Kun , Yang Fan
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The Land Surface Model (LSM) that simulates water and energy exchanges at the land-atmosphere interface is a key component of the Earth system model. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) drives the Asian monsoon through surface heating and thus plays a key role in regulating the climate system in the Northern Hemisphere. Therefore, it's vital to understand and represent well the land surface processes on the TP. After an early review that identified key issues in the understanding and modelling of land surface processes on the TP in 2009, several progress have been made in the last decade in developing new land surface schemes and supporting datasets. This review summarizes the major advances, including (i) An enthalpy-based approach was adopted to enhance the description of cryosphere processes such as glacier/snow mass balance and soil freeze-thaw transition. (ii) Parameterization of the vertical mixing process was improved in lake models to ensure reasonable heat transfer to the deep water and to the near-surface atmosphere. (iii) New schemes were proposed for modelling water flow and heat transfer in soils accounting for the effects of vertical soil heterogeneity due to the presence of high soil organic matter content and dense vegetation roots in surface soils, or gravel in soil columns. (iv) Supporting datasets of meteorological forcing and soil parameters were developed by integrating multi-source datasets including ground-based observations. Perspectives on the further improvement of land surface modelling on the TP are provided, including the continuous updating of supporting datasets, parameter estimation through assimilation of satellite observations, improvement of snow and lake processes, and the development of an integrated LSM for the TP.
Using nutation-frequency-selective pulses to reduce radio-frequency field inhomogeneity in solid-state NMR
Authors: Aebischer Kathrin , Wili Nino , Tošner Zdeněk , Ernst Matthias
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Radio-frequency (rf) field inhomogeneity is a common problem in NMR which leads to non-ideal rotations of spins in parts of the sample. Often, a physical volume restriction of the sample is used to reduce the effects of rf-field inhomogeneity especially in solid-state NMR where spacers are inserted to reduce the sample volume to the centre of the coil. We show that band-selective pulses in the spin-lock frame can be used to apply B1-field selective inversions to spins that experience selected parts of the rf-field distribution. Any frequency band-selective pulse can be used for this purpose but we chose the family of I-BURP pulses (H. Geen, R. Freeman, Band-Selective Radiofrequency Pulses, J. Magn. Reson. 93 (1991) 93–141) for the measurements demonstrated here. As an example, we show that the implementation of such pulses improves homonuclear frequency-switched Lee-Goldburg decoupling in solid-state NMR.
Current estimates of K1* and K2* appear inconsistent with measured CO2 system parameters in cold oceanic regions
Authors: Sulpis Olivier , Lauvset Siv K. , Hagens Mathilde
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Seawater absorption of anthropogenic atmospheric carbon
dioxide (CO2) has led to a range of changes in carbonate chemistry,
collectively referred to as ocean acidification. Stoichiometric dissociation
constants used to convert measured carbonate system variables (pH,
pCO2, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity) into globally
comparable parameters are crucial for accurately quantifying these changes.
The temperature and salinity coefficients of these constants have generally
been experimentally derived under controlled laboratory conditions. Here, we
use field measurements of carbonate system variables taken from the Global
Ocean Data Analysis Project version 2 and the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas data products to evaluate the temperature dependence of the carbonic acid stoichiometric dissociation constants. By applying a novel iterative
procedure to a large dataset of 948 surface-water, quality-controlled
samples where four carbonate system variables were independently measured,
we show that the set of equations published by Lueker et al. (2000),
currently preferred by the ocean acidification community, overestimates the
stoichiometric dissociation constants at temperatures below about 8 ∘C. We apply these newly derived temperature coefficients to
high-latitude Argo float and cruise data to quantify the effects on
surface-water pCO2 and calcite saturation states. These findings highlight the critical implications of uncertainty in stoichiometric dissociation constants for future projections of ocean acidification in polar regions and the need to improve knowledge of what causes the CO2 system inconsistencies in cold waters.