bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Teachers’ Implicit Attitude on Primary School Students’ Development of Gender Ideology
Authors: Yu Xiangqian
Published: February 2023

This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech P The gender gap exists between male and female students' test scores, classroom performance, and future careers. Research has found that students' perception of their gender will affect their thoughts and behaviors. However, it is still not clear how teachers’ implicit attitude affects students’ development of gender ideology. By reviewing existing research and literature, specifically from primary schools, this paper examines the relationship between primary school teachers’ implicit attitudes and their influence on students. The paper proves that primary teachers’ understanding of gender roles and their self-concept affect their implicit attitude about gender, which is reflected in their teaching methods, classroom management, and their perceptions of students. Teachers who hold implicit gender bias will have a negative influence on students. Students who are taught by teachers with biased implicit attitudes will have poor academic achievement, low self-esteem, and more misconduct. Therefore, it is necessary for teachers to increase their gender awareness and improve gender equity in the classroom.
The Teaching Strategies to Improve Students of Immigrants in STEM Learning within the K-6 Setting
Authors: He Jiaying
Published: February 2023

With the growing population of immigrant students and the demands of STEM professionals in the U.S. labor market, the quality of STEM education (Science, technology, engineering, and math) for students with immigration backgrounds need to be addressed. This study focuses on how to support children of immigrants who are aged from kindergarten to sixth grade in their STEM learning within American classrooms. By reviewing 27 articles from 2003 to 2022, the research develops strategies to support this group's students in their STEM learning from the following perspectives: family engagement, linguistic culturally responsive teaching, and project-based integrated STEM learning. Firstly, the family engagement approach shows that the home-school connection provides a consistent STEM learning environment for the students. Secondly, the linguistic culturally responsive teaching reflects students’ STEM identities and incorporates their interest in STEM learning. Lastly, the project-based integrated STEM learning strategies accommodate students’ individual needs in their STEM learning and deepen their comprehension of each STEM subject.
Research on Psychological Deviation of Young Investors Based on Questionnaire
Authors: Wang Yin
Published: February 2023

With the continuous development of China's securities market, many market effects have been widespread for a long time. However, the rapid development of behaviour finance precisely integrates people's psychological factors and behaviour science into finance and conducts in-depth research on the behavioural and psychological deviation affecting economic decisions. Due to the late start of the research on the securities market in China, the relevant theoretical basis is not perfect. If investors lack an empirical basis, they will often be affected by various cognitive and psychological biases, leading to investment decision-making mistakes. Given this, this paper focuses on young investors in China and uses a questionnaire to test this group for cognitive, psychological, and behavioural biases. Based on the results of the test, this paper proposes coping strategies how to avoid or reduce bias and thus improve the accuracy of investment decisions.
Heritage Tourism: A management plan of Govan, Glasgow
Authors: Liu Ran
Published: February 2023

The Viking heritage of Scotland is not widely known locally. Govan Old Parish Church combined with the Govan Heritage Trust are aiding in the preservation and education of the Viking culture as well as deepening the local people’s cultural roots in their own history. This redevelopment project will focus on creating a national Visitor Centre around the Govan Stones, generating enterprise activity and rental income. Remodeling the current space of the stones and providing a more secure site.
Manifestations and Treatment of Alcohol Addictive Behavior under Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Yu Haoyang
Published: February 2023

The topic of alcohol addiction has been on the world's radar. Since the global outbreak of COVID-19, people worldwide have been affected by COVID-19 to varying degrees, including economically, in health, and in education. In the context of COVID-19, the psychosocial strain has caused an escalation in alcohol addiction and issues such as suicide, violence, and severe alcohol dependence, leading to increased attention to alcohol addiction. This paper aims to examine the reasons for the increase in alcohol addiction (both new and relapsed) and the generalization of treatment options (pharmacological and non-pharmacological) for alcohol addiction in the context of COVID-19 through a biopsychosocial model. The mechanism of alcohol addiction involves different levels such as biological, psychological and social. This paper also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of popular online counseling in the context of the epidemic. For the individual, this paper may help enhance the future treatment of alcohol addiction to mitigate the harmful effects of alcohol addiction on the individual. This paper also provides a reference for research in related fields. More research into the treatment of alcohol addiction in the context of a large epidemic could help alleviate the suffering of patients in the future.
Popularization of Spice Culture and its influence in Tang Dynasty
Authors: Han Peibei
Published: February 2023

In Ancient China, the usage of spices has a long history. Following the establishment of the Silk Road during the Han Dynasty, spices were eventually introduced into Chinese culture through commercial exchanges. Before the Tang dynasty, the narrow access to spices and their small application scope confined them to the aristocratic class. As time went by, due to the national power of the Tang Dynasty, the empire conquered parts of the Western Regions and was recognized by the surrounding countries. Therefore, the Silk Road flourished, starting the process of the popularization of Spice Culture. Although most of the use was still limited to the nobility, and its definition is still a luxury, it is undeniable that in the Tang Dynasty, the development of Spice Culture promoted the improvement of trade institutions and laws, as well as the economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. At the same time, the Spice Culture also promoted the popularization, spreading, and localization of religions. The related technologies, in-depth research on medical treatment, cosmetics, and herbal medicine were also developed because of the popularization of spice. Social and mass attitudes towards spices and their application also changed. The influence and significance of spices could be seen in ancient Chinese feudal society.
Exploring Effective English Teaching Method: Comparing the Different Learning Styles between Chinese & Americans
Authors: Ding Xin
Published: February 2023

By comparing the main methods of English teaching in China, the guidance and assessment models of English teaching in the two countries, and the enlightenment and improvement strategies brought by the American English classroom education model, this study analyzes the shortcomings of Chinese English teaching and the American English classroom education model. The inspiration and improvement strategies from the past, explored the practical significance of using English in the pragmatic environment. Through the academic and cultural systems and differences between the two countries, the theoretical framework provides information for research design and the interpretation of results. This review results show that China's exam-oriented education system affects students' learning achievements and the results of the high subjective value obtained by students to a certain extent. In addition, the practical meaning of English in the post-college entrance examination language environment has also brought different roles. This paper discusses the specific content of American English classrooms proposing strategies that need to be improved and referenced in Chinese English teaching.
Written Corrective Feedback: How can it influence adult ELLs writing performance?
Authors: Lu Ying
Published: February 2023

Previous research on teacher feedback focused on investigating the connection between L2 development and Written Corrective Feedback (WCF) given to adult learners, measuring the effectiveness of WCF given by teachers. However, these studies mainly ignored the importance of analyzing the cause of mixed results and summarizing different types of feedback outcomes, and results were inconclusive due to the various divisions of WCF types in this area. This study systematically divides WCF into five types, reviewing their positive and negative outcome. Also, it tries to explain why the same division of WCF has different results about its outcomes in various studies. This article reviews previous literature to provide a comprehensive and critical view of the field of WCF. Based on previous research, this paper finds that different kinds of WCF can contribute to various outcomes. Direct Written Corrective Feedback improves linguistic accuracy significantly without a convincing long-term impact, while Indirect Written Corrective Feedback may outperform it in this aspect. Metalinguistic Written Corrective Feedback (MWCF) and Reformation benefits the acquisition of explicit knowledge and help students understand grammar rules deeply. Besides, many studies demonstrate that both Focus Written Corrective Feedback (FWCF) and Comprehensive Written Corrective Feedback (CWCF) can help students correctly use their targeted grammatical rules, but CWCF may reduce students’ motivation. Future studies should pay more attention to control variables during the experiment process and systematically compare the different outcomes of WCF. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the efficacy of WCF and inspires researchers to provide guidance about feedback for pedagogical practices.
The Relationship Between Childhood Autism Condition and Mental Health of Parents of Children with Autism
Authors: Fang Shenghua
Published: February 2023

This research study posed one specific question: does childhood autism as a condition directly hurt the mental well-being of parents whose children have autism? To answer the question, the researcher performed a content analysis of existing literature on the subject. The general answer the researcher found is that, indeed, the condition of childhood autism impairs parents’ mental health. This study established that, in most cases, a child with autism’s primary caregiver is their father or mother. This study using content analysis of existing research, confirms that caring for an autistic child contributes to poorer mental health among parents. Even though this study finds no variation in the extent of mental health impacts on fathers and mothers, mothers are more susceptible to mental health deterioration. Therefore, it makes sense to investigate the impacts of childhood autism condition on the psychological wellbeing of parents with autistic children.
The Logical Form and the Ambiguities of Natural Language: The Critics from Postal
Authors: Liu Zeru
Published: February 2023

The essay discusses which type of ambiguities is better to be eliminated by using the logical perfect language in logical form, discusses the range of the p-complement problem that mind-possessing entity could solve, by analyzing Hasegawa’s examples and Portal’s criticizes, the lexical and syntactic ambiguities, and makes a comparison of the meaning and properties of “entity” between linguistics and metaphysics.
Implications of Recent Chinese-language LGBT+ Films for Gender Equality Education
Authors: Chu Wentao
Published: February 2023

As a solution to gender discrimination that remains a serious problem today, gender equality education is receiving increasing attention around the globe. How to teach gender equality more effectively, in this context, becomes a pressing issue. The study takes eight Chinese-language LGBT+ films released in the past five years, including Tracey (2018), Dear Ex (2018), The Two Lives of Li Ermao (2019), All in My Family (2019), Twilight’s Kiss (2019), Your Name Engraved Herein (2020), Dear Tenant (2020), Secrets of 1979 (2021), as the analysis texts, aiming to find the educational implications of the films for gender equality and thus discuss the feasibility of applying them to classroom teaching. The study finds that Chinese-language LGBT+ films generally succeed in reflecting the difficulties faced by LGBT+ groups in corresponding regions. Although they are still not free from gender stereotypes, the negative impact of such can be dissipated through methods such as class discussions. Therefore, the study argues that Chinese-language LGBT+ films are generally meaningful and educational from the perspective of gender equality and can be used as teaching tools as long as they are carefully and critically examined. In this way, they can help eliminate gender discrimination and build respect for diverse sexualities.
The Causes, Effects, and Interventions of Social Media Addiction
Authors: Ji Yi , Liu Shuoyu , Xu Hemu , Zhang Borui
Published: February 2023

Social media addiction (SMA) has become a more serious problem for people when they are engaging in their social life with parents, siblings, and friends. The goal of this review is to go over previous studies that focused on the potential factors that cause SMA and how these factors make people vulnerable to such addiction. The review also summarizes the effective treatments for SMA, comparing their advantages and disadvantages. Through the review, neuroticism is proved to contribute to the high level of SMA, and the level of well-being is also responsible for the negative correlation with SMA. Several effective therapies are effective in treating addiction, including two parts: self-intervention and therapeutic methods. Self-intervention uses apps and self-control, or self-restrictive plans, to cut people’s addiction to certain software. therapeutic methods, CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy), and motivational therapy. Both therapies aim to change the mental state of the patient, which would lead to less addictive behavior. Role models are also found to be useful for curing addiction. Yet there is no clear evidence that one therapy is superior to the others, and the selection of therapy should depend on the actual circumstances.
Neuropsychological Mechanisms and Evidence of Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Addiction
Authors: Hu Jiaxin
Published: February 2023

Mindfulness meditation is a contemplative practice that involves focused attention and open monitoring. Due to its effectiveness in emotion regulation and attention regulation, mindfulness-based interventions combine mindfulness and other cognitive and behavioral practices to treat substance abuse and behavioral disorders. This article focuses on the neuropsychological mechanisms and empirical research of mindfulness-oriented recovery enhancement (MORE) and mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP). MORE is a cognitive-behavioral treatment that uses mindfulness to cultivate reappraisal and savoring skills. MBRP is another cognitive-behavioral treatment that incorporates mindfulness meditation and core components of relapse prevention. It analyzes the neural mechanism of addiction, mindfulness, and mindfulness-based interventions. Moreover, it provides empirical research evidence of MORE and MBRP, proving that these two are effective treatments for addiction-related problems, including substance abuse and behavioral disorders.
Analysis of Smartphone Addiction Today: A Literature Review
Authors: Chen Yifei , Yu Yunzhuo , Zhu Keyu
Published: February 2023

Today, smartphone users are rapidly increasing all over the world. Smartphones bring lots of benefits to society. It enables people to connect with the whole world and spread the latest ideas to countries worldwide more efficiently and conveniently. This could never be done in the past when smartphones had not yet developed. However, the vast increase in smartphone usage has had significant negative consequences for society. The risk of anxiety and depression may rise with disorders that negatively impact people’s daily lives such as social dysfunction, obesity, and sleeping disorders as a result of excessive smartphone use. These disorders led by smartphones differ for individuals based on their different personalities and experiences. The main causes of smartphone addiction can be divided into three factors: internal factors, emotional factors, and social factors. The purpose of this paper is to investigate smartphone addiction with an analysis of its causes, impacts, and therapies through a literature review.
A study on the relationship between gender stereotypes of early childhood teachers and androgyny education
Authors: Zhou Yin
Published: February 2023

Studies have shown that gender stereotypes have already appeared in children two years of age. As the central place for children's socialization, kindergarten teachers' gender stereotypes will substantially impact children's future studies and work. As one of China's most economically developed regions, the Yangtze River Delta region has richer educational resources than other regions. Some new educational concepts will be implemented earlier in the Yangtze River Delta region. As a relatively cutting-edge research field in preschool education, androgyny education has been implemented and developed to a certain extent in the Yangtze River Delta region. Therefore, this study took the Yangtze River Delta region as an example to find out the relationship between the gender stereotypes of early childhood teachers and androgyny education. A total of 67 teachers participated in this study. An adapted questionnaire was used to explore the relationship between teachers’ gender stereotypes and androgyny education. This study used empirical data to demonstrate that gender stereotypes of early childhood teachers in the Yangtze River Delta region were negatively related to androgyny education. Thus, when gender stereotypes of early childhood teachers were strong, they were less likely to implement androgyny education. In other words, teachers can mitigate their stereotypes by implementing androgyny education.
Gender Dress Codes in Different Social Settings of 21-Century China
Authors: Fang Xiaoshan
Published: February 2023

As society progresses and the internet becomes more convenient for people to communicate, the idea of feminism and the issue of gender equality has been widely discussed on the internet. As the living standard is improving, people tend to use varied ways to convey their attitudes and message to others, including their outfits. This research analyzes three distinct occasions, the campus, workplace, and public places, including clothing designs from luxury designers nowadays. The study aims to explore how gender dress codes in these social settings represent gender equality and deliberate on the causation of these dress codes, shedding light on the connection between gender equality and outfits and promoting gender equality in Chinese society, which makes this research meaningful. The study also fills in the blank of the former research study in which the connection between equality and dress codes is more evident and comprehensive than before.
Security Challenges and Implications of the Russia-Ukraine War in 2022 for China's Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Li Yanjie
Published: February 2023

This article will study the influence of the Russia-Ukraine War on the economic globalization policies of various countries, especially China's Belt and Road Initiative, in the 21st century when the trend of economic globalization is developing rapidly. To predict the future challenges of globalization. Among them, this paper will focus on the analysis of the social conditions and political changes in the neighboring countries where the war took place, as well as the social and political environment required by China's Belt and Road model, and the negative impact of China's current sluggish economic situation due to the COVID-19 pandemic, to find out the impact of the Russia-Ukraine war. And finally, through the above research, this paper will conclude the difficulties faced by China's Belt and Road Initiative and how to limit the negative impact of suggestions.
The Mongol Empire and the Prosperity of the Silk Road
Authors: Zhang Haozhou
Published: February 2023

With much reference to the frequent wars and annexations of the Mongol Empire, its emphasis on trade throughout its institution and practice was of much a contrast against its belligerent nature. It was not only the spoils of war that the Mongol Empire thrived upon, but also the pro-trade environment which they created fostered their development. The author hereby offer an analysis using historical records regarding certain measures, rules, and regulations the Mongol Empire adopted during its sovereignty, providing certain insights on several conditions the Mongol Empire created and maintained, which later casted significant impact on structuring a stable trade environment, while further establish the connections between these institutional factors and the development of the Mongol Empire. The author also makes a brief comparison between the trade of the Mongol Empire and the Silk Road Economic Belt, which China and its surrounding nations are building today, thereby offering certain insights from a theoretical standpoint.
Analysis of Transcultural Communication of Eastern Brands Based on Encoding and Decoding Theory-Taking Issey Miyake for Example
Authors: Ge Yue
Published: February 2023

With the globalization of communication nowadays, the needs of fashion brands are also increasing especially for those eastern brands, which appeared less in the global fashion stage before. This paper focuses on and explains how to conduct transcultural communication successfully for eastern brands based on the encoding and decoding theory proposed by Stuart Hall. Taking three cases of Japanese brand Issey Miyake for examples, this research analyzes how the brand encoded information in the advertisements and designs and then concludes three aspects of problems, different social contexts, orientalism stereotype and fashion system leaded by the west, to dig into the flash point of strategies of an eastern brand that is seen as successful internationally. Then universal implications matching with the problems, which are concluded in concrete cases, are provided for eastern brands to use for reference. The essay strives to explore for eastern brands in the cultural integration process of fashion industry.
Struggle with adversity through life: factors influencing the level of resilience in adolescents and its enhancement pathways
Authors: Duan Chenyue
Published: February 2023

Resilience refers to a person's psychological toughness, which is the ability to coordinate and adapt well in the face of adversity, and is mainly formed during adolescence. Also, it is significant for later adaptation and development in difficult or high-risk environments. In this paper, through document analysis and interviews, we found that the factors affecting the level of resilience of adolescents mainly include: individual negative adversity perceptions and behavioral responses; distant parent-child relationships, abusive behaviors and negative family events in the family; the quality of the school and community environment to be improved. To address this, the possible pathways of improvement are: to develop intervention plans for individuals and pay attention to adolescents' psychological health; to give full play to the supportive and protective functions of families and carry out parenting function services; to improve the quality of school and community environments and build good social support mechanisms to stimulate adolescents' endogenous motivation and promote healthy development.
The Effect of a Multi-Component Positive Psychological Intervention on Promoting Wellbeing of Left-Behind Children in China
Authors: Liu Chengying
Published: February 2023

The parental separation among left-behind children in China imposes a huge burden on their mental health and well-being. These children, living alone while their parents migrate for work, suffer from severely undermined health and interpersonal relationships, including increased susceptibility to depression, emotional and behavioral problems, anxiety, and aversive states such as loneliness. Fortunately, extensive research has identified protective factors against these negative impacts, such as resilience, self-esteem, and psychological capital. Positive psychology, a field of study that focuses on promoting the “goods” to increase the flourishing of people, can be a breakthrough source of solution that boosts these factors. This research protocol aims to examine a multi-component positive psychological intervention – Injoy – on promoting the well-being of middle-school-aged left-behind children in China through measuring subjective well-being, depressive symptoms, mental health, self-esteem, resilience, and psychological capital before and after the implementation of the eight-week internet-based intervention.
A review of "The Story of Nie Er and the National Anthem" from the perspective of oral history
Authors: Duan Yanzhi , Liang Jiayi
Published: February 2023

Since the 1930s, the study of Nie Er and the national anthem has attracted the attention of scholars at home and abroad. The academic circles at home and abroad focus on Nie Er's data collection, music works and life. The creation, dissemination and identification of the national anthem; The story of Nie Er and the national anthem has been studied and relatively fruitful results have been achieved. However, previous studies mostly focused on the text writing of Nie Er and the national anthem, and few scholars took the oral history of Nie Er and the national anthem as a topic to study. Based on the perspective of oral history, this paper looks into the vision, methods and content of the oral history of Nie Er and the national anthem.
Conforming and Resisting: Going Beyond the Male Gaze in Mukbang
Authors: Shao Iok Tong
Published: February 2023

The paper will present and analyze internet Mukbang, a video-recorded broadcast that portrays a “host” eating large amounts of food, as a feminist pop cultural artifact. First, the paper will demonstrate the importance of internet Mukbang by showing how it meets the definition of pop culture laid out by John Storey. Next, this paper will consider whether Mukbang is a liberating or a regressive form of entertainment, with reference to feminist terminology referenced by Andi Zeisler. The paper will be principally concerned with the idea of the “male gaze” and how it does or does not manifest Mukbang. Ever since the term was introduced by John Berger and later explored by Laura Mulvey, it has become an important focus of gender and film studies. The theory posits that women in film are presented through the eyes of hetrosexual men as passive objects of desire; thus the viewer is forced to look upon women as objects. Analyzing the YouTube channels of HunniBee and HyuneeEats, two representative female Mukbang broadcasters, the paper will conclude that Mukbang both conforms to and resists the male gaze and serves as a platform in which hosts might even cater to a “female gaze”, prioritizing a sense of community and companionship.
Personality disorder caused by childhood trauma leads to criminal Behaviors
Authors: Fu Hanyunxue
Published: February 2023

Genetic factors are known to cause human beings’ personality disorders; however, childhood trauma could also affect children in their lifetime. Furthermore, patients with personality disorders caused by their childhood experiences are more likely to commit a crime. More specifically, neglect of parents will cause the children to have antisocial behavior in their childhood and then develop an antisocial personality disorder. ASPD is known to be the disorder that causes the highest crime rate. Children with helicopter parents have a higher risk of depression; this disorder may not be directly related to criminal behavior but seems more aggressive and violent since their self-control ability is weak. Bullying or online bullying is significantly related to bipolar disorder, another PD that will cause individuals to commit the crime. What’s more, the high offense rate is also led by the low-income family, since children with a family like this will grow up in a more dangerous and complex area that will cause them to have various personality disorders. All these situations could be saved by using cognitive and biological or other treatments such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Electro-Convulsive Therapy after the form of PD, reducing the crime rate since PD will cause a higher crime rate.
Explore how Parents’ states affect children in violent behavior
Authors: Zou Jacky
Published: February 2023

Preventing children become criminals is one of the best ways to lower the crime rate in society. By collecting data from many studies, this paper concludes how the relationship between children and their parents will affect children to become criminals. By further development, suggest ways the government could adopt to lower the possibility of becoming criminals. However, studies and experiments in this field still not knowing the causation relationship between children becoming criminals and their parent's incarceration. Thus, future experiments could be built on this base and explore if more factors appear in the relationship between children and their parents. Will children be influenced by their teachers more than their parents, or do numerous factors still need to develop? There are still many unknowns in this field; many problems are waiting for researchers to discover. More importantly, the purpose of this paper is to tell parents they cannot control their children. Give some instructions for them to guide their children on the right track.
From learning ‘who monkeys support’, we infer ‘What they know’
Authors: Yang Yijun
Published: February 2023

Though understanding what monkeys see and know without inferring anthropomorphically is virtually impossible, the more detail and concrete the ground of this inference we have, the more promising our surmise would be. A closer look into the male-male relation in cercopithecines, a genus of old world monkeys, confirms what scientists have theorized: in the absence of inclusive fitness advantage, the males cooperate closely with nonkins following the norm of reciprocity, resulting in a stratified rather than linear, continuous dominance hierarchy, as a function of seniority and age. This feature is ubiquitous and found in 3 species of macaques and yellow baboons; and it is reliably robust across 4 continents, 5 study sites, 17 troops, and 297 monkeys. In other words, although new members of a group are often at the prime age of belligerence, because senior males share a longer history of cohabitation and reciprocal relation with one another, they intervene in each other’s fight and outcompete the new members who are often not supported. This implies that, in cercopithecines, the support to nonkins may be guided by a mental scorebook, which enforces them to reciprocate in the future when their reciprocal partners are in need.
Economic Affects on Studying Abroad to the U.S.: Evidence from GRE Test-Takers
Authors: Li Wenyi , Zou Zheng
Published: February 2023

The increase of student mobility has gradually attracted the attention of scholars world-widely in recent years. This paper conducts a quantitative study on the national economy and the willingness of students to take U.S. as a destination for study abroad through the data of 187 countries in the GRE test which officially released by the U.S.. educational testing service, as well as, the per capita GDP of countries and national population published by the World Bank from 2017 to 2021. In addition, this paper divides the samples into developed countries, developing countries and underdeveloped countries for comparison. Push-pull theory is applied to analyze the relevance which the data display.
The Conflict of Free Will and Moral Responsibility
Authors: Jin Yingxian
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this paper is to discuss whether the motivations of human moral behaviors are still driven by free will under the influence of society. The paper will discuss how free will affects morality through ideas about morality and free will gained from psychologists and philosophers. In addition to some arguments concerning the existence of free will, this article will look at the conflicts between moral responsibilities and free will. Individuals must abide by its moral laws, which occasionally go against free will, in order to exist. The essay will also contrast several instances of morality and free will in order to determine the various degrees to which free will influences one's obligation to uphold moral principles under the domesticate of society. Influence depends on a person's actual free will and the stages they take toward moral development. This paper reviews and analyzes the original research and discusses the findings and future aims.
Analyze the Dilemma of Distributing Scarce Medical Resources During the COVID-19 Pandemic Based on Different Ethical Theories
Authors: Zhang Jiayu
Published: February 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic poses enormous challenges for the healthcare system of the entire world. In many places, the existing medical resources cannot meet the needs of all patients, and clinicians must choose between different patients, resulting in the moral dilemmas of fair distribution. This paper focuses on the various ethical principles used to guide the allocation of scarce resources in the past and discusses how these principles can be applied during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as treating all people equally, first consider the worse-off group, maximizing the total benefits, and reward the group making the largest contribution. Generally, no single ethical principle is sufficient to cover all moral considerations, and the distribution policies during the pandemic must balance different principles, such as egalitarianism and utilitarianism. Current ethical guidance on the triage decision is not perfect, and further improvement is needed. There are few studies specifically explored how policies balanced ethical rules in different ways resulting in differences in society. Future research in this field should work to deal with these limitations.
Factors Influencing Chinese Adolescent Moral Behaviors
Authors: Shi Qianru
Published: February 2023

The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the moral development of adolescents and the influence of peers on their moral behavior. Good peer relationships promote social development and acquisition of social skills; poor peer relationships may lead to maladaptive behavioral problems. moreover, other factors influenced the relationship between peers and adolescent moral behavior, including gender differences, peer closeness, and the influence of family economic status. Specifically, adolescents are more influenced by close friends than by friends in general; boys may be more involved in physical and verbal aggression and girls more involved in relational aggression; family socioeconomic status significantly affects adolescents' peer relationships, with more affluent families having more friends and peer relationships; while disadvantaged family socioeconomic backgrounds make adolescents more likely to experience peer rejection or be marginalized. Due to regional and cultural differences, adolescents in different environments and cultures may be influenced differently, which needs to be further explored in future research. This paper will help parents and schools to understand the psychological and behavioral characteristics of adolescents, and to assist and teach adolescents' education and healthy growth.
Morality: Theoretical Contrasts from Philosophy and MAC
Authors: Sun Yuexu , Zhang Jiayue
Published: February 2023

Many schools of moral ideas have different explanations for the connotation, definition, law and application of morality. This paper aims to expound on the morality of ancient Greek philosophy and Kant’s ethics and analyze the moral theory of cooperation. From the definition and connotation, the origin, purpose and application show the moral aspects such as the differences and relations, the interdisciplinary communication and exchanges. By comparison, the authors find that philosophy discusses morality more in a speculative way, while moral cooperation theory analyzes morality from the perspective of modern science, such as biological evolution. Both ancient Greek philosophy and the theory of moral cooperation view morality from consequences, but Kant's moral philosophy is from the motivation of action. At the same time, the definition of the moral concept in the theory of moral cooperation is quite different from the views of philosophical schools. The authors think that researchers could reflect on the comparison results and seek new moral ideas and moral explanations.
A comparative analysis of arachnophobia and claustrophobia
Authors: Zhou Siyi
Published: February 2023

Nowadays, mental health and the psychological state starts to draw attention from people as the significance of treating them is the same as solving physical diseases. However, unlike depression, phobia – as a type of common anxiety, is often neglected in the wider society. This review aims to highlight the importance of looking at specific phobias in the right way and the necessity of accepting professional advices. It is conducted by collecting and analysing online references and data, comparing two specific phobias: arachnophobia and claustrophobia in three main aspects (causes, symptoms, and treatment). The analysis states the variety of causes of these two specific phobias and how the symptoms affect life severely on a daily basis. Overall, specific phobia is a serious issue that can’t be overlooked or underestimated. Professional advice and treatment are necessary and probably the only way to get rid of the specific phobia.
Comparative Analysis of Domestic Climate Policies Between China and the United States
Authors: Chai Haochen
Published: February 2023

Climate change is one of the most complex issues in the current human society and almost all countries in the world are facing various degrees of climate challenges. Each country is implementing climate policies according to its own special national conditions, but there are also similarities in the ways different countries deal with climate change. Therefore, the research theme of this article is the comparison of domestic climate policies between China and the United States (US), which are the two major “contributors” to global climate change. Whether these two countries can effectively manage the environmental crisis is the key to the progress of global climate mitigation. Through listing and comparing the domestic climate policies of two countries, this article finds that China and the US have something in common in the areas and limitations of their climate policies, but the processes of policy implementations of the two countries are different from each other.
A Study of the Spirit of Moving to Northern Shaanxi and Its Value of the Times from Four Dimensions
Authors: Fu Zukun , Fan Kai , Zhang Jiaxu , Ma WeiZhenwei
Published: February 2023

Mao Zedong and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China resolutely led the army and the people to northern Shaanxi when the KMT broke the peace agreement and threatened Yan'an, creating a soul-stirring legendary history and creating a great spirit of fighting in northern Shaanxi to win the KMT opposition. Victory is bound to be closely related to far-sighted strategy, the United army and people, and noble will. It is a symbol of this spirit and has far-reaching value in the unprecedented changes in the past century, as long as people live, there is hope for everything, and the concern for the people, the sharing of joys and sorrows, the fear of hardships and dangers, the contempt for strong enemies, self-reliance and innovation.
The Dilemma of Higher Education in the 21st Century: Elite to Massive
Authors: Li Feiyu
Published: February 2023

Amid the globalized higher education transition from elite to massive, new dilemmas have been identified and need to be addressed in the current time, which requires analysis and reference to previous instances of educational systems that have experienced the shift. This paper explores and integrates the key issues in terms of higher education in the 21st century through literature review and comparative study, summarizing them in three dimensions: students, educational institutions, and society. To tackle these issues, it is necessary for higher education to undergo a change which is both sensitive to quality and quantity. This article has the potential to strengthen the insights of future researchers and educators into higher education and inspire their will to overcome existing dilemmas in both research and practical fields.
False Confessions: An Analysis using MAC Theory
Authors: Mao Yilin
Published: February 2023

False confessions have only been successfully recognized and detected in recent years. However, the wide-scale recognition did not bring out a reduction in the frequency of false confession occurrences as no known policies were created in an attempt to eliminate them. Even more recently, morality-as-cooperation was theorized in an attempt to categorize morality into more measurable and graspable principles. Previous research focused on categorizing and understanding the surface causes of false confessions. Based on previous research, it can be concluded that the confession choices were made by the confessors themselves, raising questions about the evaluation process. This article attempts to understand the action of false confessions from a moral standpoint by applying the concept of false confessions to the morality-as-cooperation theory. Putting together this literature review, it’s indicated that almost all false confessions can be explained as the violation of morality-as-cooperation subprinciples including kinship, mutualism, reciprocity, division, and dovishness. The timely situation heavily influences individuals’ decision of whether or not to violate their morality to tell a costly lie.
A Review of Gender stereotypes in domestic violence
Authors: Wu Zhen
Published: February 2023

Gender stereotypes have always been prevalent in human society, and even affect the public's views and opinions on some thing in many ways, which may cause some negative effects. In terms of intimate relationship violence, the public may have a stubborn view of the perpetrator and the victim that cannot be reversed due to the fixed thinking of gender stereotypes, which leads to a lack of rigor and justice. This article mainly through literature review, summarizes the influence of gender stereotype in the combination of heterosexual, same-sex and transgender in domestic violence. This article can provide a relatively comprehensive summary for the following specific research and learning as a reference.
Gender Equality in Higher Education of China
Authors: Kong Jiafei
Published: February 2023

This paper will discuss whether the expansion of gender equality will promote gender equality in China. It will begin with the definition of gender equality and higher Education. The main founding of this paper: gender equality achieved progress in Higher Education, but the women in rural areas still suffer from gender inequality and have little opportunity to access higher Education. Furthermore, some measurements and advice in school, community, and government will be listed.
Comparisons Between Social Functionalism and Constructivism International Relations: Example of the French Revolution
Authors: Ge Xintong
Published: February 2023

For researchers in the fields of sociology and international relations, the thoughts and actions of using theories from each other’s fields are regular and frequent, as the two research fields sometimes share similar research goals and subjects. Yet even though corporations between subjects are regular, articles merely focusing on comparisons of theories in two research fields can be defined as in shortage. As a result, trying to find out similarities and differences between major sociological theories and international relations theories can be a great help and guidance for crossing-major research. From the analysis with a theoretical aspect, this paper tries to show the differences and similarities of two theories from a theoretical basis by adding a brief introduction of a combined new theory from two theories and a table showing the comparison of the two theories; the paper will show a much clearer vision to the differences and similarities. By using the example of situations in the French revolution, those true and existing historical issues with great influences on both French society and European, even international politics and diplomatic atmosphere gave out clear sights about the practical analysis for comparisons between international constructivism and social functionalism. As a result, from both theoretical aspects and practical examples, the paper will conclude that the similarities between the two theories will focus on the interdependent relationship between agencies and structures, and the differences will focus on the appropriate use fields.
Political Consciousness of Roman People in the Age of Tribune Tiberius Gracchus
Authors: Wu Jiaqi
Published: February 2023

The political career of Tiberius Gracchus embodies the mixed characteristics of aristocrat politics and popular politics, which is the incision to understand the connotation of the crisis of the late Roman Republic. After the ouster of M. Octavius and the passing of the decision to allocate Attalus’ legacy under the support of the Roman people, the relationship between Tiberius as the leader of the people and the opposers of him in Senatus suddenly became tense, and the Roman politics eventually led to a rupture and chaos. Therefore, the Roman people are the key to inflating the differences among the elites, and public action and its consequences are the keys to understanding the crisis. The consciousness of Roman people varied in different groups and interacted with different tactics of politician elites. The over-mobilized tactics aroused the Roman people’s political consciousness of popular sovereignty, which became an essential power source in Roman society. Out-controlled people’s politics would finally trigger the crisis in the late republic.
Analysis of the Revival of Roman Law and the Strengthening of French Kingship in the 12th Century
Authors: Liu Bowen
Published: February 2023

Around the 12th century, the Roman law revival movement came into being as the commodity economy developed, cities saw a revival, and traditional Germanic customary law could not solve the new problems that arose in society. Under the influence of the Roman law revival movement in the 12th century, the influence and recognition of Roman law were greatly enhanced. Many excellent jurists emerged in various countries in Western Europe, especially France. This article examines the connection between the Roman law revival movement and the strengthening of royal power in France in the 12th century. The author argues that the Roman law revival contributed to the rise of the French jurists, who actively interacted and cooperated with the French crown. The King sought to strengthen his power, made solid arguments for the construction of the legitimacy of the crown, and made significant contributions to the construction of a national legislative and judicial system, effectively contributing to the strengthening of the French crown.