bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential Role of Platelets in Endothelial Damage Observed During Treatment With Cisplatin, Gemcitabine, and the Angiogenesis Inhibitor SU5416
Authors: Kuenen B.C. , Levi M. , Meijers J.C.M. , van Hinsbergh V.W.M. , Berkhof J. , Kakkar A.K. , Hoekman K. , Pinedo H.M.
Published: May 2003

Purpose: An increased incidence of thromboembolic events was observed during treatment with cisplatin-gemcitabine plus SU5416 (CG+SU5416), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-1 and -2. Nine thromboembolic events occurred in eight of 19 patients. We performed an analysis of parameters of the coagulation cascade and vessel wall activation.

Materials and Methods: Markers for thrombin generation and endothelial cell activation were measured in three patients treated with CG+SU5416, two of whom developed a thromboembolic event. The results were compared with measurements in six patients treated with CG alone, and in 17 patients treated with SU5416 alone.

Results: During cycles 1 and 2 of treatment with CG+SU5416, a significant cycle-dependent activation of both the coagulation cascade and endothelial cells occurred, whereas platelet counts decreased. Change in platelet number had a significant negative predictive effect on soluble (s)-E-selectin levels. Significant activation of the coagulation cascade only was observed in the patients treated with CG alone, whereas in patients treated with SU5416 alone, significant endothelial cell activation was observed.

Conclusion: We hypothesize that endothelial cells deprived of VEGF after exposure to SU5416 became activated and more susceptible to damage during treatment with CG+SU5416, which was aggravated by a transient decrease in platelets, which are, among other things, carriers of VEGF. These results suggests that VEGF, in addition to being a permeability, proliferation, and migration factor, also is a maintenance and protection factor for endothelial cells, and that platelets may have a role in maintaining vascular integrity.
Critical Review of Complementary Therapies for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Wilkinson Simon , Chodak Gerald W.
Published: May 2003

Despite its prominence as the most frequently diagnosed solid tumor among men in the United States, relatively little is known about the etiology of prostate cancer. Furthermore, research into treatment strategies for prostate cancer continues to lag behind research for the other most common cancers. At the same time, however, the popularity of complementary therapies among prostate cancer patients continues to grow. In this article, we provide a critical review of the most recent evidence for dietary modifications, food supplements, and herbs in prostate cancer prevention and treatment. Despite encouraging data for some of these interventions, even the strongest proponents of complementary therapy agree that only randomized controlled trials can provide sufficient evidence on which to create universal guidelines. However, such trials are highly complex and expensive, and they require lengthy follow-up. Until such trials are completed, an opportunity exists for health care professionals to improve their knowledge and understanding of the current evidence for or against complementary therapy in prostate cancer.
Therapy-Related Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Authors: Beaumont M. , Sanz M. , Carli P.M. , Maloisel F. , Thomas X. , Detourmignies L. , Guerci A. , Gratecos N. , Rayon C. , San Miguel J. , Odriozola J. , Cahn J.Y. , Huguet F. , Vekhof A. , Stamatoulas A. , Dombret H. , Capote F. , Esteve J. , Stoppa A.M. , Fenaux P.
Published: May 2003

Purpose: To analyze patient cases of therapy-related acute promyelocytic leukemia (tAPL), occurring after chemotherapy (CT), radiotherapy (RT) or both for a prior disorder, diagnosed during the last 20 years in three European countries.

Patients and Methods: The primary disorder and its treatment, interval from primary disorder to tAPL, characteristics of tAPL, and its outcome were analyzed in 106 patients.

Results: Eighty of the 106 cases of tAPL were diagnosed during the last 10 years, indicating an increasing incidence of tAPL. Primary disorders were predominantly breast carcinoma (60 patients), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (15 patients), and other solid tumors (25 patients). Thirty patients had received CT alone, 27 patients had received RT alone, and 49 patients had received both. CT included at least one alkylating agent in 68 patients and at least one topoisomerase II inhibitor in 61 patients, including anthracyclines (30 patients), mitoxantrone (28 patients), and epipodophyllotoxins (19 patients). Median interval from primary disorder to tAPL diagnosis was 25 months (range, 4 to 276 months). Characteristics of tAPL were generally similar to those of de novo APL. With treatment using anthracycline-cytarabine–based CT or all-trans-retinoic acid combined with CT, actuarial survival was 59% at 8 years.

Conclusion: tAPL is not exceptional, and develops usually less than 3 years after a primary neoplasm (especially breast carcinoma) treated in particular with topoisomerase II–targeted drugs (anthracyclines or mitoxantrone and less often etoposide). Characteristics and outcome of tAPL seem similar to those of de novo APL.
High-Dose Chemotherapy With Autologous Stem-Cell Rescue in Children and Adults With Newly Diagnosed Pineoblastomas
Authors: Gururangan Sridharan , McLaughlin Colleen , Quinn Jennifer , Rich Jeremy , Reardon David , Halperin Edward C. , Herndon James , Fuchs Herbert , George Timothy , Provenzale James , Watral Melody , McLendon Roger E. , Friedman Allan , Friedman Henry S. , Kurtzberg Joanne , Vredenbergh James , Martin Paul L.
Published: May 2003

Purpose: We evaluated the usefulness of a treatment regimen that included high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with autologous stem-cell rescue (ASCR) in patients with newly diagnosed pineoblastoma (PBL).

Patients and Methods: Twelve patients with PBL were initially treated with surgery and induction chemotherapy. All but two patients underwent radiotherapy. Subsequently, all patients received HDC using cyclophosphamide (CTX) + melphalan (MEL) or busulfan (Bu) + MEL regimens and ASCR.

Results: A total of six children and six adults with median ages of 4.2 (range, 0.3 to 19.8 years) and 23 years (range, 23 to 43.7 years), respectively, were treated according to this strategy. Four patients had metastatic disease confined to the neuraxis. Five of 12 patients (42%) had a complete tumor resection at diagnosis. Ten patients received radiotherapy at median doses of 36.0 and 59.4 Gy to the neuraxis and pineal region, respectively. Eleven patients received HDC with CTX + MEL, and one patient received BU + MEL followed by ASCR. Nine patients are alive with no evidence of disease recurrence at a median of 62 months from diagnosis (range, 28 to 125 months), including three patients with metastatic disease and two infants who did not receive any radiotherapy. Three patients have died of progressive disease at 19, 32, and 37 months from diagnosis, respectively. The actuarial 4-year progression-free and overall survivals are 69% (95% confidence interval [CI], 39% to 99%) and 71% (95% CI, 43% to 99%), respectively.

Conclusion: The use of HDC in addition to radiotherapy seems to be an effective treatment for patients with newly diagnosed pineoblastoma.
Patient Preference for Radiotherapy Fractionation Schedule in the Palliation of Painful Bone Metastases
Authors: Shakespeare Thomas P. , Lu Jiade J. , Back Michael F. , Liang Shen , Mukherjee Rahul K. , Wynne Christopher J.
Published: May 2003

Purpose: The radiotherapeutic management of painful bone metastases is controversial, with several institutional and national guidelines advocating use of single-fraction radiotherapy. We aimed to determine patient choice of fractionation schedule after involvement in the decision-making process by use of a decision board.

Patients and Methods: Advantages and disadvantages of two fractionation schedules (24 Gy in six fractions v 8 Gy in one fraction) used in the randomized Dutch Bone Metastasis Study were discussed with patients using a decision board. Patients were asked to choose a fractionation schedule, to give reasons for their choice, and to indicate level of satisfaction with being involved in decision making.

Results: Sixty-two patients were entered. Eighty-five percent (95% confidence interval, 74% to 93%) chose 24 Gy in six fractions over 8 Gy in one fraction (P < .0005). Variables including age, sex, performance status, tumor type, pain score, and paying class were not significantly related to patient choice. Multiple fractionation was chosen for lower re-treatment rates (92%) and fewer fractures (32%). Single-fraction treatment was chosen for cost (11%) and convenience (89%). Eighty-four percent of patients expressed positive opinions about being involved in the decision-making process.

Conclusion: Decision board instruments are feasible and acceptable in an Asian population. The vast majority of patients preferred 24 Gy fractionated radiotherapy compared with a single fraction of 8 Gy. These results indicate the need for further research in this important area and serve to remind both clinicians and national or institutional policy makers of the importance of individual patient preference in treatment decision making.
Asian Ethnicity–Related Differences in Gastric Cancer Presentation and Outcome Among Patients Treated at a Canadian Cancer Center
Authors: Gill Sharlene , Shah Amil , Le Nhu , Cook E. Francis , Yoshida Eric M.
Published: May 2003

Purpose: Differences in stage-stratified survival have been reported between Asian and Western populations with gastric cancer. This study examines differences in presentation and outcomes among Asian and non-Asian patients evaluated and treated at a Canadian institution.

Patients and Methods: We reviewed 2,043 patients (159 Asians and 1,884 non-Asians) with gastric adenocarcinoma treated between 1978 and 1997. Overall survival was examined by the Kaplan-Meier method, and multivariable analysis by Cox proportional hazards was used to identify whether Asian ethnicity had independent prognostic significance for survival.

Results: Median survival was 13.1 months for Asians and 11.1 months for non-Asians (P = .0016). Asian patients were younger and had a greater proportion of signet ring cell histology but were less likely to have proximal disease. Signet ring cell histology did not adversely affect survival. By multivariable analysis, proximal location, poor differentiation, and extent of disease were independently associated with worse survival. Survival was improved with curative resection, palliative resection, and palliative chemotherapy. Asian ethnicity was not independently associated with survival (hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.74 to 1.08). Although a similar proportion of patients underwent curative resection, an interaction was observed between Asian ethnicity and efficacy of resection, with Asians achieving a greater benefit as compared with non-Asians even when adjusted for age and location.

Conclusion: The disparity between Eastern and Western gastric cancer survival is not explained by the hypothesis of ethnicity-related differences in tumor biology. Although it is not an independent predictor of survival, Asian ethnicity is associated with distinct characteristics at presentation and more favorable outcomes after curative surgery.
Superiority of Oxaliplatin and Fluorouracil-Leucovorin Compared With Either Therapy Alone in Patients With Progressive Colorectal Cancer After Irinotecan and Fluorouracil-Leucovorin: Interim Results of a Phase III Trial
Authors: Rothenberg Mace L. , Oza Amit M. , Bigelow Robert H. , Berlin Jordan D. , Marshall John L. , Ramanathan Ramesh K. , Hart Lowell L. , Gupta Sunil , Garay Carlos A. , Burger Brent G. , Le Bail Nathalie , Haller Daniel G.
Published: May 2003

Purpose: In North America, no effective therapy has been available for patients with progressive metastatic colorectal cancer after front-line treatment with irinotecan, bolus fluorouracil (FU), and leucovorin (IFL).

Patients and Methods: Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who progressed after IFL therapy were randomly assigned to bolus and infusional FU and leucovorin (LV5FU2), single-agent oxaliplatin, or the combination (FOLFOX4). This planned interim analysis evaluated objective response rate (RR), time to tumor progression (TTP), and alleviation of tumor-related symptoms (TRS) in an initial cohort of patients.

Results: Between November 2000 and September 2001, 463 patients from 120 sites in North America were randomly assigned to treatment. FOLFOX4 proved superior to LV5FU2 in all measures of clinical efficacy. Objective RRs determined by an independent radiology panel were 9.9% for FOLFOX4 versus 0% for LV5FU2 (Fisher’s exact test, P < .0001). Median TTP was 4.6 months for FOLFOX4 versus 2.7 months for LV5FU2 (two-sided, stratified log-rank test, P < .0001). Relief of TRS occurred in 33% of patients treated with FOLFOX4 versus 12% of patients treated with LVFU2 (χ2 test, P < .001). Single-agent oxaliplatin was not superior to LV5FU2 in any measure of efficacy. Patients treated with FOLFOX4 experienced a higher incidence of clinically significant toxicities than patients treated with LV5FU2, but these toxicities were predictable and did not result in a higher rate of treatment discontinuation or 60-day mortality rate.

Conclusion: For patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, second-line treatment with FOLFOX4 is superior to treatment with LVFU2 in terms of RR, TTP, and relief of TRS.
Pilot Trial of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Gefitinib Plus Carboplatin and Paclitaxel in Patients With Stage IIIB or IV Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Miller Vincent A. , Johnson David H. , Krug Lee M. , Pizzo Barbara , Tyson Leslie , Perez Wendy , Krozely Peggy , Sandler Alan , Carbone David , Heelan Robert T. , Kris Mark G. , Smith Robert , Ochs Judith
Published: May 2003

Purpose: Gefitinib is an oral agent that inhibits the tyrosine kinase of the epidermal growth factor receptor. In phase I trials gefitinib was well tolerated and antitumor activity was seen in pretreated non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Preclinical studies indicated enhanced effects when gefitnib was added to carboplatin or paclitaxel. This pilot trial combined gefitinib with carboplatin and paclitaxel to define the toxicities of the combination and assess drug-drug interactions in untreated advanced NSCLC patients.

Patients and Methods: Initially (part 1) patients were randomly assigned to receive intermittent gefitinib with cycle 1 or 2 of chemotherapy. Thereafter (part 2), the highest dose of gefitinib that was given without dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) from part 1 was administered continuously beginning with the first cycle of chemotherapy. Three sequentially enrolled cohorts received gefitinib 250 and 500 mg (intermittently) and 500 mg (continuously).

Results: We treated 24 patients; nine patients with 250 mg and 15 patients with 500 mg (nine patients continuous). Two occurrences of DLT were observed. One patient (500 mg, part 1) developed grade 3 rash and another patient (part 2) developed prolonged neutropenia. Steady-state gefitinib levels did not affect exposure to chemotherapy. In a limited sample, chemotherapy modestly increased the gefitinib area under concentration-time curve at steady-state and minimum steady-state trough concentration. Partial responses were observed in five of 24 patients. The median survival was 8 months.

Conclusion: The gefitinib with carboplatin and paclitaxel regimen was generally well tolerated and no unanticipated toxicities or clinically relevant pharmacokinetic interactions were observed. Both doses of gefitinib were believed to be safe for further study with chemotherapy. This regimen was thus tested in a completed randomized phase III trial.
Topotecan Is an Active Agent in the First-Line Treatment of Metastatic or Recurrent Endometrial Carcinoma: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study E3E93
Authors: Wadler Scott , Levy Donna E. , Lincoln Sarah T. , Soori Gamini S. , Schink Julian C. , Goldberg Gary
Published: May 2003

Purpose: To determine the clinical activity and the toxicity profile of the topoisomerase-I inhibitor, topotecan, in women with recurrent or advanced endometrial carcinoma.

Patients and Methods: A prospective, phase II clinical trial was initiated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG). Patients had histologically confirmed advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma, measurable disease, no prior cytotoxic therapy, an ECOG performance status of 0 to 2, and evidence of disease progression while on progestins or after radiation therapy. Topotecan was administered at 1.5 mg/m2 (or 1.2 mg/m2 for patients with prior pelvic radiation) intravenously daily for 5 days every 3 weeks.

Results: A total of 44 patients were enrolled; 42 were eligible. The study was suspended because of unexpected toxicities, primarily sepsis and bleeding. After toxicity review, the study was reopened using lower doses of topotecan (1.0 mg/m2 or 0.8 mg/m2 for patients with prior radiation therapy). In addition, prophylactic use of growth factors was allowed after the first cycle, and patients with performance status of 2 were excluded. The major toxicities were hematologic and gastrointestinal. Among the 40 assessable patients, there were three (7.5%) complete responders and five partial responders (12.5%), for an overall response rate of 20%. The median duration of response was 8.0 months and of overall survival was 6.5 months.

Conclusion: Topotecan is an active agent for the treatment of advanced endometrial carcinoma. At the doses and schedules initially used, toxicities were unacceptable; however, at the modified doses, toxicities were acceptable and clinical activity was preserved.
Metastatic Melanoma in Pregnancy: Risk of Transplacental Metastases in the Infant
Authors: Alexander April , Samlowski Wolfram E. , Grossman Douglas , Bruggers Carol S. , Harris Ronald M. , Zone John J. , Noyes R. Dirk , Bowen Glen M. , Leachman Sancy A.
Published: May 2003

Purpose: Although metastases to the fetus via the placenta are rare, melanoma is the most common culprit. When it occurs, maternally derived melanoma metastasis in the infant is almost invariably fatal.

Patients and Methods: This article reviews current guidelines for placental evaluation in pregnant women with metastatic melanoma and presents surveillance recommendations for their infants. Comprehensive literature reviews were performed on melanoma in pregnancy and melanoma metastasis to the placenta and fetus. The use of interferon alfa in the pediatric population was also reviewed. A comprehensive search of the MEDLINE database (1966 to 2002) was performed. Articles were reviewed and additional references were obtained from the bibliographies. Translation of non-English articles was performed, and authors of previous publications were contacted.

Results: Eighty-seven patients with placental or fetal metastasis were identified. Twenty-seven occurrences were attributed to melanoma (31%). The fetus was affected in six of 27 melanoma patients (22%), with five of six infants dying of disease. The use of high-dose interferon alfa adjuvant therapy in pediatric patients has not been reported.

Conclusion: The placentas of women with known or suspected metastatic melanoma should be carefully examined grossly and histologically by pathologists. With placental involvement, fetal risk of melanoma metastasis is approximately 22%. Neonates delivered with concomitant placental involvement should be considered a high-risk population. The risk-benefit ratio of adjuvant treatment for a potentially affected infant should be carefully weighed.
Quality of Life in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Chronic Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia on Imatinib Versus Interferon Alfa Plus Low-Dose Cytarabine: Results From the IRIS Study
Authors: Hahn Elizabeth A. , Glendenning G. Alastair , Sorensen Mark V. , Hudgens Stacie A. , Druker Brian J. , Guilhot Francois , Larson Richard A. , O’Brien Stephen G. , Dobrez Deborah G. , Hensley Martee L. , Cella David
Published: May 2003

Purpose: Quality of life (QOL) outcomes in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) were evaluated in an international phase III study.

Patients and Methods: Newly diagnosed patients with chronic phase CML were randomly assigned to imatinib or interferon alfa plus subcutaneous low-dose cytarabine (IFN+LDAC). Cross-over to the other treatment was permitted because of intolerance or lack of efficacy. Patients completed cancer-specific QOL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Biologic Response Modifiers) and utility (Euro QoL-5D) questionnaires at baseline and during treatment (n = 1,049). The primary QOL end point was the Trial Outcome Index (TOI; a measure of physical function and well-being). Secondary end points included social and family well-being (SFWB), emotional well-being (EWB), and the utility score. Primary analyses were intention to treat with secondary analyses accounting for cross-over.

Results: Patients receiving IFN+LDAC experienced a large decline in the TOI, whereas those receiving imatinib maintained their baseline level. Treatment differences at each visit were significant (P < .001) and clinically relevant in favor of imatinib. Mean SFWB, EWB, and utility scores were also significantly better for those patients taking imatinib. Patients who crossed over to imatinib experienced a large increase in TOI; significant (P < .001) differences were observed between patients who did and did not cross over in favor of imatinib.

Conclusion: Imatinib offers clear QOL advantages compared with IFN+LDAC as first-line treatment of chronic phase CML. In addition, patients who cross over to imatinib from IFN+LDAC experience a significant improvement in QOL compared with patients who continue to take IFN+LDAC.
Formins: signaling effectors for assembly and polarization of actin filaments
Authors: Evangelista Marie , Zigmond Sally , Boone Charles
Published: May 2003

Eukaryotic cells require filamentous actin to maintain their shape and for movement, growth and replication. New actin filaments are formed by the cutting of existing filaments or de novo through the action of specialized nucleators. The most highly characterized nucleator is the Arp2/3 complex,which nucleates the branched actin networks in the lamellae of migrating cells. Recently, Bni1p, which is a member of the formin family of proteins,has been shown to nucleate actin filaments in vitro. Formins are implicated in the formation of actin cables in yeast, stress fibers in tissue culture cells and cytokinesis in many cell types. Formins contain two highly conserved formin-homology domains, FH1 and FH2. The Bni1p FH2 domain is sufficient to mediate nucleation. The Bni1p FH1 domain binds profilin, an actin-monomer-binding protein that delivers actin to the growing barbed end of filaments. The Bni1p FH1-profilin interaction enhances nucleation. Formins participate in a number of signaling pathways that control the assembly of specific actin structures and bind the barbed end of actin filaments, thereby providing a cytoskeletal basis for the establishment of cell polarity.
Regulation of F-actin-dependent processes by the Abl family of tyrosine kinases
Authors: Woodring Pamela J. , Hunter Tony , Wang Jean Y. J.
Published: May 2003

The F-actin cytoskeleton is a fundamental component of all eukaryotic cells. It provides force and stability and plays an integral role in a diverse array of cellular processes. The spatiotemporal regulation of F-actin dynamics is essential for proper biological output. The basic molecular machinery underlying the assembly and disassembly of filamentous actin is conserved in all eukaryotic cells. Additionally, protein tyrosine kinases, found only in multicellular eukaryotes, provide links between extracellular signals and F-actin-dependent cellular processes. Among the tyrosine kinases, c-Abl and its relative Arg are unique in binding directly to F-actin. Recent results have demonstrated a role for c-Abl in membrane ruffling, cell spreading, cell migration, and neurite extension in response to growth factor and extracellular matrix signals. c-Abl appears to regulate the assembly of F-actin polymers into different structures, depending on the extracellular signal. Interestingly, c-Abl contains nuclear import and export signals, and the nuclear c-Abl inhibits differentiation and promotes apoptosis in response to genotoxic stress. The modular structure and the nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of c-Abl suggest that it integrates multiple signals to coordinate F-actin dynamics with the cellular decision to differentiate or to die.
Secreted antagonists of the Wnt signalling pathway
Authors: Kawano Yoshiaki , Kypta Robert
Published: May 2003

The extracellular antagonists of the Wnt signalling pathway can be divided into two broad classes. Both classes of molecule prevent ligand-receptor interactions, but by different mechanisms: members of the first class, which include the sFRP (secreted Frizzled-related protein) family, WIF (Wnt inhibitory factor)-1 and Cerberus, primarily bind to Wnt proteins; the second class comprises certain members of the Dickkopf (Dkk) family, which bind to one subunit of the Wnt receptor complex. In addition, there are other protein interactions that contribute to Wnt antagonist function. Moreover, certain sFRPs and Dkks do not antagonise Wnt function, which suggests that these families have as-yet-undiscovered functions.
Microporous Structure of a Chain Compound of Copper(II) Benzoate Bridged by Pyrazine
Authors: Nukada Ryoji , Mori Wasuke , Takamizawa Satoshi , Mikuriya Masahiro , Handa Makoto , Naono Hiromitsu
Published: June 2003

Reaction of copper(II) benzoate with pyrazine (pyz) gave a compound, [Cu2(bz)4(pyz)]n (1) which has a gas-occlusion property. The X-ray structure analysis of 1·2nCH3CN shows a microporous structure formed by chains where the carboxylate dimer units are linked by pyrazine molecules.
FT-IR External Reflection Spectroscopy Study on Photochromic Monolayers at the Air-Water Interface
Authors: Kawai Takeshi , Hane Ryoichi , Ishizaka Fumitoshi , Kon-No Kijiro
Published: June 2003

Photoresponse behavior of azobenzene containing fatty acid in Langmuir (L) film was investigated using FT-IR and UV-vis spectra. Irradiation of UV or visible light resulted in reversible photoisomerization of the fatty acid in L film. The orientational change in the alkyl chain of the fatty acid in L film was determined in situ by FT-IR external reflection spectra, and the effect of the surface area on these changes is discussed.
Influences of Initial Particle Size on Preparation of Monodisperse CdS Nanoparticles with Size-Selective Photoetching
Authors: Torimoto Tsukasa , Kontani Hironori , Sakata Takao , Mori Hirotaro , Yoneyama Hiroshi
Published: June 2003

It was found that the size-selective photoetching of CdS particles prepared in Nafion films could be achieved only for particles having the particle sizes smaller than about 12 nm in the diameter. The particles greater than this threshold size were photocorroded until complete dissolution was attained.
New Positive-Type Photosensitive Poly(phenylene ether): Poly(2-hydroxy-6-methylphenol-co-2,6-dimethylphenol) with Diazonaphthoquinone
Authors: Takeshi Kazumasa , Okuyama Ken-ichi , Ohba Yoshihiro , Ueda Mitsuru
Published: June 2003

A positive working thermally stable and photosensitive polymer based on poly(2-hydroxy-6-methylphenol-co-2,6-dimethyl phenol) (PHP-MP) and 2,3,4-tris[2-diazo-1(2H)-naphthalenone-4-sulfonyloxy] benzophenone (D4SB) as a photoreactive compound has been developed. The copolymer PHP-MP was prepared by oxidative coupling polymerization of 2-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)oxy-6-methylphenol with 2,6-dimethylphenol, followed by acid treatment. The PHP-MP film showed excellent transparency above 300 nm. A clear positive pattern was obtained when it was exposed to 365 nm light, followed by developing with a 2.38% aqueous tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution at 25 °C.
Structure and Natural Bond Orbital Analysis of Oxiranes Substituted with a Group 14 Element. A Comment of SN2 Regioselectivity
Authors: Ikeno Taketo , Harada Jun , Tomoda Shuji
Published: June 2003

Crystal structure analysis of oxiranes substituted with a group 14 element revealed that silyl and stannyl groups lengthened their α C–O bonds. Natural bond orbital analysis showed that silyl group raised the energy level of α C–O σ orbital and lowered that of α C–O σ* orbital. It was suggested that the former might lengthen the α C–O bond and that the latter should affect the regioselectivity in ring-opening reactions.
Microparticles and Colloidal Dispersions of Poly(3-hexylthiophene)
Authors: Takeuchi Hisao , Kobashi Masahiro
Published: June 2003

Stable colloidal dispersions of poly(3-hexylthiophene) have been successfully obtained by a simple precipitation technique with selected poor solvents. Dynamic light scattering measurement revealed that the colloidal particles of poly(3-hexylthiophene) have the hydrodynamic radius of 20-40 nm with a narrow particle size distribution. The particle size can be controlled by the precipitation conditions.
Control of Reductive Elimination and Acidolysis of Diarylnickel(II) Complexes by the Kind of Brønsted Acid and the Presence of Oxygen
Authors: Yamamoto Takakazu , Murakami Yasuharu , Abla Mahmut
Published: June 2003

Reaction of NiAr2(bpy) (Ar = electron withdrawing aryl group, bpy = 2,2′-bipypridyl) with Brønsted acids leads to reductive elimination of Ar-Ar from NiAr2(bpy). The reaction also causes acidolysis of the Ni complex depending on the kind of the acid and reaction conditions.
ET(30) Values of AOT Reverse Micelles Prepared in Supercritical Ethane
Authors: Shervani Zameer , Ikushima Yutaka
Published: June 2003

The ET(30) values in the core region of water/AOT/SC ethane micelles were determined for the first time as functions of pressure and water content of micelles (W0, [H2O]/[AOT]) at 310 K. The ET(30) values increased with increasing W0, but remained independent of pressure after system changed to a homogeneous micellar solution. The ET(30) values ranging from that observed in pure ethanol to 1,3-propanediol were obtained, with increasing W0 from 1 to 8.
Intramolecular Fluorescence Quenching in Ferrocene-Naphthalimide Dyads
Authors: Wang Zhaohui , Chen Kongchang , Tian He
Published: June 2003

The intramolecular fluorescence quenching in ferrocenoyl naphthalimide dyads has been studied. In the dyads, the singlet excited state of naphthalimide (NA) could be effectively quenched by the ferrocene center. When ferrocene (Fc) was oxidized chemically, the intramolecular electron transfer from the oxidized ferrocene (Fc+) would be inhibited and the fluorescence of NA moiety would be recovered.
Photo-Regulation of RNA Hydrolysis by the Zinc(II) Complex Carrying Azobenzene
Authors: Sumaoka Jun , Kawata Kentaro , Komiyama Makoto
Published: June 2003

The first photo-regulation of non-enzymatic RNA hydrolysis has been achieved. A positively-charged and bulky regulator has been linked to a catalytically active Zn(II) complex, via a photo-responsive linker involving an azobenzene. The rate of RNA hydrolysis has been reversibly modulated by photo-irradiation.
Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids through the Formation of C–C Bond between Saturated Hydrocarbons and CO in the Presence of Mg/K2S2O8/TFA System
Authors: Asadullah Mohammad , Kitamura Tsugio , Fujiwara Yuzo
Published: June 2003

Magnesium powder (Mg) promoted the carboxylation reaction of saturated hydrocarbons with carbon monoxide (CO) in the presence of potassium peroxodisulfate (K2S2O8) in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) to yield the corresponding carboxylic acids and alkyl trifluoroacetates. About 80% conversion of cyclohexane was achieved when 5 mmol of magnesium, 5 mmol of potassium peroxodisulfate, 3 mL of TFA, 1 mmol of cyclohexane, 50 atm of CO were used at 80 °C for 30 h.
A Convenient Synthesis of Alkyl Substituted p-Benzoquinones from Phenols and H2O2 over TiAPO-5 Molecular Sieve Catalyst
Authors: Mahalingam Rathinam J , Selvam Parsuraman
Published: June 2003

Titanium substituted aluminophosphate (TiAPO-5) molecular sieves catalyze the oxidation reaction of alkyl substituted phenols with aqueous H2O2 in acidic medium to give the corresponding p-benzoquinones, in a single step, in high yield.
Synthesis of Tetrahydroindole Derivatives Using Titanium-Nitrogen Complexes Derived from Molecular Nitrogen
Authors: Akashi Masaya , Nishida Mayumi , Mori Miwako
Published: June 2003

Synthesis of tetrahydroindole derivatives was realized from keto-alkyne using titanium-nitrogen complexes generated from Ti(OiPr)4, Li, and TMSCl. In this reaction, the electron-withdrawing group on the alkyne gave a good yield, and keto-alkynes having an aromatic ring on the alkyne also gave tetrahydroindole derivatives in good to moderate yields.
Preparation of Novel Hollow Fiber Silica Using Collagen Fibers as a Template
Authors: Ono Yoshiyuki , Kanekiyo Yasumasa , Inoue Kazuhiko , Hojo Junichi , Nango Mamoru , Shinkai Seiji
Published: June 2003

A novel fibrous silica with a gnarled surface structure and an inner tube with bundle-replicated stripes was prepared by sol-gel polymerization of tetraethoxysilane using collagen fibers as a template.
Syntheses of Diruthenaborane Clusters, [{Cp*Ru(μ-H)}2B3H7], [{(Cp*Ru)2(μ-H)}B4H9], and [(Cp*Ru)2(μ-H)(PMe3)(μ-η4-B2H5)]
Authors: Kawano Yasuro , Matsumoto Hideyuki , Shimoi Mamoru
Published: June 2003

A diruthenapentaborane cluster [{Cp*Ru(μ-H)}2B3H7] (1) was synthesized by the reaction of [Cp*RuCl]4 with BH3·THF. Compound 1 undergoes cluster expansion by further interaction with BH3·THF to give [{(Cp*Ru)2(μ-H)}B4H9] (2). Reaction of 1 with PMe3 leads to degradation of the cluster framework to give [{(Cp*Ru)2(μ-H)}(PMe3)(μ-η4-B2H5)] (3).
Calix[4]arene Having a Convergent Carboxylic Acid Function: Synthesis and Ion Binding Properties of a New Cs+-selective Ionophore
Authors: Cho Hyun Jae , Kim Ji Young , Chang Suk-Kyu
Published: June 2003

Calix[4]arene bearing a convergent carboxylic acid function employing the Kemp’s triacid motif exhibited a pronounced selective ionophoric behavior toward Cs+ over other alkali metal ions. The selectivities of calix[4]arene-acid for Cs+ over Rb+, K+, and Na+ ions assessed by competitive transport experiments were 7.9, 26, and 121, respectively.
Synthesis of Linear Fullerene-Containing Polysiloxanes and Their Application to Capillary Gas Chromatography
Authors: Yuanyin Chen , Pengfei Fang , Zhaorui Zeng , Jianhong Fan
Published: June 2003

Fullerene-containing polysiloxanes were prepared by reacting [60]fullerene with azidoalkyl polysiloxanes directly, and characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The polymers were used as stationary phases in capillary gas chromatography. Many organic compounds, especially high boiling substance or aromatic or alcohol positional isomers, were separated effectively on these columns.
Synthesis and Electroluminescence of Novel Copolymers with Charges Transporting Moieties
Authors: Zhu Weihong , Tian He , Elschner Andreas
Published: June 2003

The synthesis of novel copolymers, in which the electron transporting unit (oxadiazole), hole transporting unit (carbazole) and emitter (naphthalimide) are incorporated into one copolymer, has been reported. It was demonstrated that EL spectra of device made by these copolymers has a broad luminescent spectrum with range of 450-650 nm, which can be quantified in CIE coordinates as x = 0.32 and y = 0.37.
Salt Formation in the Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Arachidic Acid Mixed with Amphiphilic Ammonium Ions and an Amphiphilic Amine
Authors: Mutsuzaki Hisaaki , Azumi Reiko , Tachibana Hiroaki , Sakai Hideki , Abe Masahiko , Matsumoto Mutsuyoshi
Published: June 2003

In the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of arachidic acid (AA) mixed with amphiphilic ammonium ions or an amphiphilic amine, AA was mixed with the second component at the molecular level and formed salt when the fraction of AA was not larger than 0.5. Further the fraction of the second component in the mixed LB films was smaller than that in the spreading solution with the fraction of the second component larger than 0.5.
New Catalyst of γ-Al2O3 Supported SO42− /ZrO2 for n-Butane Isomerization
Authors: Lei T , Xu J S , Gao Z
Published: June 2003

A series of new catalysts γ-Al2O3 supported SO42−/ZrO2 was prepared by the modified impregnation method using Zr(NO3)4 decomposition on a γ-Al2O3 carrier. The most active sample 60%SZ/Al2O3 is not only low expensive compared to the traditional bulk SZ due to the high price of ZrO2, but also increases the steady activity about 50% for n-butane isomerization in the presence of H2 at 523 K in comparison with the bulk SZ catalyst.
Effect of Pt Precursors on N2/N2O Selectivity for Selective Reduction of NO by Hydrocarbon on Supported Pt Catalysts
Authors: Doumeki Reiko , Hatano Masaharu , Kinoshita Hiroo , Yamashita Emi , Hirano Masafumi , Fukuoka Atsushi , Komiya Sanshiro
Published: June 2003

Selective catalytic reduction of NO by C3H6 has been studied for supported Pt catalysts prepared from organoplatinum complexes and an inorganic platinum salt. N2/N2O selectivity is improved by using the organoplatinum complexes as precursors at similar maximum conversions of NOx to N2 and N2O for the catalysts tested.
A Convenient Synthesis of a Ru(bpy)3-based Catenane-type Triad and Its Incorporation into a Protein Scaffold
Authors: Hu Yi-Zhen , Tsukiji Shinya , Shinkai Seiji , Hamachi Itaru
Published: June 2003

A catenated heme cofactor consisting of a donor (protoheme), a sensitizer (Ru(2,2′-bipyridine)3) and an acceptor (cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) was prepared by stepwise coordination, followed by iron-insersion. Reconstitution of apo-myoglobin with this cofactor afforded a protein-based, noncovalently-linked photosynthetic triad.
Successive Flow-injection Determination of Iron(III) and Copper(II) by Means of the Effect of Activators
Authors: Watanabe Tsuyako , Teshima Norio , Kurihara Makoto , Nakano Shigenori , Kawashima Takuji
Published: June 2003

A novel flow-injection (FI) photometric method has been proposed for the successive determination of iron(III) and copper(II). It is based on the effect of activators such as 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (neocuproine) on iron- and copper-catalyzed oxidative coupling of p-anisidine with N,N-dimethylaniline in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. By injecting two activators, alternatively, into the FI system, iron(III) (50–200 ng cm−3) and copper(II) (5–20 ng cm−3) can be selectively determined.
A Facile Synthesis of Optically Active 1,1,1-Trifluoro-3-alkyn-2-ols by Stereospecific Substitution of Optically Active 1-Benzyloxy-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl Tosylate with Lithium Alkynyltriethylaluminates
Authors: Matsutani Hiroshi , Kusumoto Tetsuo , Hiyama Tamejiro
Published: June 2003

Optically active 1-benzyloxy-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl tosylate reacts with various lithium alkynyltriethylaluminates to give optically active 2-benzyloxy-1,1,1-trifluoro-3-alkynes selectively and stereospecifically with inversion of configuration. Thus, the reaction provides with a novel method for the preparation of various optically active 1,1,1-trifluoro-3-alkyn-2-ols.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Linear Conjugated Polymer, Poly(2,5-didodecyloxy-1,4-phenyleneoctatetraynylene)
Authors: Kijima Masashi , Kinoshita Ikuo , Shirakawa Hideki
Published: June 2003

A novel linear conjugated polymer, poly(2,5-didodecyloxyphenyleneoctatetraynylene), was synthesized by an oxidative coupling of 2,5-didodecyloxy-1,4-dibutadiynylbenzene in presence of a CuCl-TMEDA catalyst under O2 . The polymer was stable under air and soluble in organic solvents. The structural analyses and the characterizations were carried out by Raman, NMR, and UV-Vis.
Chemiluminescence Imaging of Localized Enzymes by Scanning Chemiluminescence Microscopy
Authors: Kasai Shigenobu , Zhou Huafang , Matsue Tomokazu
Published: June 2003

A novel scanning chemiluminescence microscopy (SCLM) was used for imaging localized horse radish peroxidase (HRP) or glucose oxidase (GOD) immobilized at a solid substrate. SCLM equips a scanning capillary tip (diameter, 1 μm) for injecting a small amount of luminol onto the substrate to generate localized chemiluminescence. The chemiluminescense induced by the enzyme-catalyzed reaction was detected with a photon-counter. Two-demensional mapping of the photon-counting intensity against the tip position gave images indicating the activity of immobilized HRP and GOD.
Evaluation of Rate Constant for Electron Transfer from C60-Anion Radical to Molecular Oxygen by Laser Flash Photolysis Method
Authors: Konishi Toshifumi , Fujitsuka Mamoru , Ito Osamu
Published: June 2003

The rate constant for electron transfer from C60-anion radical (C60•−) to molecular oxygen was evaluated to be (3.7 ± 0.2) × 102 mol−1 dm3 s−1 in benzonitrile by following the concentration of the C60•− by laser flash photolysis with a detector in the near-IR region for long time scale (> 0.1 s).
Vapor-Phase Synthesis of Symmetric Ketone from Alcohol over CeO2-Fe2O3 Catalysts
Authors: Kamimura Yoichiro , Sato Satoshi , Takahashi Ryoji , Sodesawa Toshiaki , Fukui Masahiro
Published: June 2003

Formation of 3-pentanone via oxidative dimerization of l-propanol was investigated over CeO2-based solid solution with various metal oxides. An addition of Fe2O3 into CeO2 greatly enhanced the 3-pentanone formation, and both l-propanol conversion and 3-pentanone selectivity were maximized at Fe content of 20 mol%. It was found that the CeO2-Fe2O3 effectively works as a catalyst for the formation of symmetric ketones such as 3-pentanone, 4-heptanone, 5-nonanone, etc.
Photoredox Ability of a Hexarhenium(III) Cluster [Re6(μ3-S)8Cl6]4−
Authors: Kobayashi Natsuki , Ishizaka Shoji , Yoshimura Takashi , Kim Haeng-Boo , Sasaki Yoichi , Kitamura Noboru
Published: June 2003

The photoredox ability of a hexarhenium(III) cluster, (n-Bu4N)44+[Re6(μ3-S)8Cl6]4−, was examined in acetonitrile on the basis of emission quenching experiments of the cluster by several neutral electron acceptors. The quenching rate constants and the relevant activation parameters indicated that the hexarhenium(III) cluster acted as a useful photoredox sensitizer towards various electron acceptors.
Photo-induced Orientational Change in Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Azobenzene Complexed with Polyviologen
Authors: Tachibana Hiroaki , Yoshino Norio , Matsumoto Mutsuyoshi
Published: June 2003

We have demonstrated a new type of cis-trans isomerization of azobenzene in the complex LB films of amphiphilic azobenzene and polyviologen. This was accompanied by the changes in the orientation and the electronic state of azobenzene. The molecular orientation of azobenzene can be controlled by cis-trans photoisomerization.
Formation of Supermolecule by Assembling of Two Different Silanols
Authors: Unno Masafumi , Takada Keisuke , Matsumoto Hideyuki
Published: June 2003

The hydrogen bonding between cis,cis,cis-1,3,5,7-tetrahydroxy-1,3,5,7-tetraisopropylcyclotetrasiloxane and diisopropylsilanediol results in the formation of a nano-sized tube-like aggregate. The outer diameter of the aggregate was 11.6 Å and the tube-like structure extended infinitely parallel to the ac plane.
Palladium-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Polymerization between Hydrosilanes and Quinones or Hydroquinone
Authors: Reddy Poreddy Narsi , Chauhan Bhanu Pratap Singh , Hayashi Teruyuki , Tanaka Masato
Published: June 2003

Dehydrogenative copolymerization between dihydrosilanes or a trihydrosilane and quinones proceeded in the presence of PdCl2(Pet3)2 as catalyst to give poly[(arylenedioxy)(silylene)]s.
Ethanol Cluster Formation on Silicon Oxide Surface in Cyclohexane–Ethanol Binary Liquids
Authors: Mizukami Masashi , Kurihara Kazue
Published: June 2003

Adsorption of ethanol onto silicon oxide surfaces from cyclohexane–ethanol binary liquids was investigated by FTIR spectroscopy using the attenuated total reflection (ATR) mode. ATR spectra exhibited that ethanol adsorbed on the surfaces formed clusters even in a low ethanol concentration range of 0.1–0.5 mol% where practically no ethanol cluster formed in the bulk solutions. The spectra indicated that the cluster formation involved hydrogen bonding interactions between surface silanol groups and ethanol hydroxyl groups in addition to those between ethanol hydroxyl groups.
Synthesis of the Water-Soluble, Electrically Conducting Poly(5-Aminonaphthalene-2-sulfonic Acid)
Authors: Atkinson S , Chan H S O , Neuendorf A J , Ng S C , Ong T T , Young D J
Published: June 2003

Poly(5-aminonaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid) 2 can be prepared by oxidative polymerisation of 5- or 8-aminonapthalene-2-sulfonic acid (1a, 1b) with Na2S2O8 or KIO4. This polymer is water soluble, electrically conducting and fluorescent.
Folding Properties of Cytochrome c Studied by Photocleavable o-Nitrobenzyl Modification of Methionine 65 and 80
Authors: Okuno Takashi , Hirota Shun , Yamauchi Osamu
Published: June 2003

Folding properties of cytochrome c (cyt c) were studied by specific o-nitrobenzyl modification of its methionines and subsequent UV light irradiation. Absorption changes with time scales of about 50 µs, 10 ms, 30–100 ms, and 250–500 ms were observed during folding of cyt c.
Chiral Amplification in Columns of Self-Assembled N,N′,N″-Tris((S)-3,7-dimethyloctyl)benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide in Dilute Solution
Authors: Brunsveld L , Schenning APHJ , Broeren MAC , Janssen HM , Vekemans JAJM , Meijer EW
Published: June 2003

Remarkable control of chirality within a long and stable columnar self-assembly of N,N′,N″-Tris((S)-3,7-dimethyloctyl)benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide in dilute solution is achieved by strong, unidirectional hydrogen bonding and cooperative side-chain interactions; IR and CD-spectroscopy have been used to elucidate these features.
Thalidomide-Induced Sinus Bradycardia
Authors: Kaur Amandeep , Yu Susan S , Lee Audrey J , Chiao Teresa B
Published: May 2003

OBJECTIVE:

To report a case of thalidomide-induced sinus bradycardia in an elderly man.

CASE SUMMARY:

A 72-year-old white man, with transfusion-dependent refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts and hypertension treated with atenolol, was started on thalidomide 100 mg at bedtime. During the dose titration period (maximum dose 400 mg/d), his heart rate decreased from a baseline of 63 beats/min to as low as 44 beats/min with positive electrocardiogram findings of sinus bradycardia. After discontinuation of atenolol, the patient's heart rate increased to 68 beats/min, but symptoms of bradycardia persisted. Due to the patient's continued dizziness and lightheadedness, thalidomide was discontinued. In the 3 months following discontinuation of thalidomide, the patient's heart rate increased to an average of 74 beats/min.

DISCUSSION:

Clinical trials and postmarketing surveillance suggest that the incidence of thalidomide-induced bradycardia is low. The mechanism of this effect is unknown. Concurrent medications affecting the heart rate may also increase the risk of thalidomide-induced bradycardia. Following titration of thalidomide to a maximum dose of 400 mg/d, our patient's heart rate decreased markedly, resulting in intermittent symptoms of lightheadedness and dizziness. He may have been at higher risk of thalidomide-induced bradycardia because of concurrent administration of atenolol. An objective causality assessment revealed that the adverse event was probable.

CONCLUSIONS:

Despite the low incidence of thalidomide-induced bradycardia, it appears to be an important adverse effect, particularly in patients with comorbidities or concurrent medications that decrease heart rate. Therefore, providers should monitor these patients closely for signs and symptoms of bradycardia during the administration of thalidomide.
Templated Nanowire Assembly on the Surface of a Patterned Nanosphere
Authors: Nagle L. , Fitzmaurice D.
Published: June 2003

The deposition of a single gold nanoparticle on a silica nanosphere (see Figure, left) is effected using a nanoporous membrane as template. These findings are significant because they offer the prospect of assembling novel asymmetric nanoscale architectures. In support of this assertion, the assembly of a gold nanowire at the surface of the patterned nanosphere (Figure, right) is demonstrated.