bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quelques aspects sociaux et affectifs de l’enseignement des mathématiques ou le vécu des mathophobes
Authors: Gattuso Linda , Lacasse Raynald , Lemire Viateur , Van der Maren Jean-Marie
Published: July 2012

Le problème de la mathophobie fait partie du quotidien des professeurs de mathématiques et de la vie de certains étudiants. Un environnement ayant pour but de réconcilier un certain nombre d’élèves ayant un vécu négatif face aux mathématiques a été mis sur pied au Cégep du Vieux-Montréal. Cette recherche-action a consisté à faire l’analyse de séances d’atelier, d’entrevues des participants et de deux questionnaires. Elle conduit à des suggestions pour les professeurs de mathématiques : favoriser la communication et les relations élèves-élèves et enseignant-élève, permettre l’exploration et la verbalisation, resituer les mathématiques dans un contexte plus humain.
Études de cas de type « inquiry » et formation pratique des enseignants
Authors: Guilbert Louise
Published: July 2012

Face aux nouveaux défis auxquels sont confrontés les enseignants des ordres secondaire et collégial, des études de cas sont mises à l’essai lors de la formation pratique en milieu universitaire, et ceci dans le cadre d’une approche pédagogique de typeinquiry. La présente recherche pédagogique tente de vérifier l’applicabilité d’une telle approche pédagogique et sa pertinence face à l’investigation des processus réflexifs des futurs enseignants et au développement de leurs savoirs professionnels. Un questionnaire d’opinion et l’analyse qualitative des discussions en atelier sont utilisés comme moyens d’investigation. Le vif intérêt des étudiants, les lacunes décelées dans le mode de penser de ces derniers ainsi que les questions fondamentales abordées lors des discussions en atelier militent en faveur de la poursuite de cette piste de recherche.
Supporting OB-GYNs in Abortion-Restrictive States—A Playbook for Institutions
Authors: Sabbath Erika L. , Arora Kavita S. , Buchbinder Mara
Published: June 2024

This Viewpoint provides proposed institutional practices, such as medicolegal collaboration and providing materials and resources, to support obstetrician-gynecologists (OB-GYNs) in abortion-restrictive states.
Kidney Function Biomarkers During Extreme Heat Exposure in Young and Older Adults
Authors: McKenna Zachary J. , Atkins Whitley C. , Foster Josh , Belval Luke N. , Watso Joseph C. , Jarrard Caitlin P. , Crandall Craig G.
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the effects of extreme heat exposure on kidney function using plasma-based biomarkers in young and older adults.
An Unusual ST-Segment Elevation in Unexplained Syncope
Authors: Wang Guangqiang
Published: June 2024

This case report describes a patient in their 70s with a lambda wave pattern on electrocardiography.
Estimated Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 XBB Vaccine Against COVID-19
Authors: Tartof Sara Y. , Slezak Jeff M. , Frankland Timothy B. , Puzniak Laura , Hong Vennis , Ackerson Bradley K. , Stern Julie A. , Zamparo Joann , Simmons Sarah , Jodar Luis , McLaughlin John M.
Published: June 2024

Importance

Data describing the early additional protection afforded by the recently recommended BNT162b2 XBB vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech; 2023-2024 formulation) are limited.

Objective

To estimate the association between receipt of the BNT162b2 XBB vaccine and medically attended COVID-19 outcomes among US adults 18 years and older.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This test-negative case-control study was performed to estimate the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 XBB vaccine against COVID-19–associated hospitalization and emergency department (ED) or urgent care (UC) encounters among adults in the Kaiser Permanente Southern California health system between October 10, 2023, and December 10, 2023. Cases were those presenting with an acute respiratory illness and who had a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test; controls had an acute respiratory illness but tested negative for SARS-CoV-2.

Exposure

The primary exposure was receipt of the BNT162b2 XBB vaccine compared with not receiving an XBB vaccine of any kind, regardless of prior COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection history. Receipt of prior (non-XBB) versions of COVID-19 vaccines was also compared with being unvaccinated to estimate remaining protection from older vaccines.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Analyses for cases and controls were conducted separately for COVID-19 hospital admissions and ED/UC encounters. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% CIs were estimated from multivariable logistic regression models that were adjusted for patient demographic and clinical characteristics. Estimation of vaccine effectiveness was calculated as 1 − odds ratio × 100%.

Results

Among 2854 cases and 15 345 controls (median [IQR] age, 56 [37-72] years; 10 658 [58.6%] female), adjusted estimation of effectiveness of the BNT162b2 XBB vaccine received a median of 34 days prior vs not having received an XBB vaccine of any kind was 62% (95% CI, 32%-79%) against COVID-19 hospitalization and 58% (95% CI, 48%-67%) for ED/UC visits. Compared with being unvaccinated, those who had received only older versions of COVID-19 vaccines did not show statistically significant reduced risk of COVID-19 outcomes, including hospital admission.

Conclusions and Relevance

Findings of this case-control study reaffirm current recommendations for broad age-based use of annually updated COVID-19 vaccines given that (1) the BNT162b2 XBB vaccine provided statistically significant additional protection against a range of COVID-19 outcomes and (2) older versions of COVID-19 vaccines offered little, if any, long-term protection, including against hospital admission, regardless of the number or type of prior doses received.
Identifying and Measuring Administrative Harms Experienced by Hospitalists and Administrative Leaders
Authors: Burden Marisha , Astik Gopi , Auerbach Andrew , Bowling Greg , Kangelaris Kirsten N. , Keniston Angela , Kochar Aveena , Leykum Luci K. , Linker Anne S. , Sakumoto Matthew , Rogers Kendall , Schwatka Natalie , Westergaard Sara
Published: June 2024

Importance

Administrative harm (AH), defined as the adverse consequences of administrative decisions within health care that impact work structure, processes, and programs, is pervasive in medicine, yet poorly understood and described.

Objective

To explore common AHs experienced by hospitalist clinicians and administrative leaders, understand the challenges that exist in identifying and measuring AH, and identify potential approaches to mitigate AH.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A qualitative study using a mixed-methods approach with a 12-question survey and semistructured virtual focus groups was held on June 13 and August 11, 2023. Rapid qualitative methods including templated summaries and matrix analysis were applied. The participants included 2 consortiums comprising hospitalist clinicians, researchers, administrative leaders, and members of a patient and family advisory council.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Quantitative data from the survey on specific aspects of experiences related to AH were collected. Focus groups were conducted using a semistructured focus group guide. Themes and subthemes were identified.

Results

Forty-one individuals from 32 different organizations participated in the focus groups, with 32 participants (78%) responding to a brief survey. Survey participants included physicians (91%), administrative professionals (6%), an advanced practice clinician (3%), and those in leadership roles (44%), with participants able to select more than one role. Only 6% of participants were familiar with the term administrative harm to a great extent, 100% felt that collaboration between administrators and clinicians is crucial for reducing AH, and 81% had personally participated in a decision that led to AH to some degree. Three main themes were identified: (1) AH is pervasive and comes from all levels of leadership, and the phenomenon was felt to be widespread and arose from multiple sources within health care systems; (2) organizations lack mechanisms for identification, measurement, and feedback, and these challenges stem from a lack of psychological safety, workplace cultures, and ambiguity in who owns a decision; and (3) organizational pressures were recognized as contributors to AHs. Many ideas were proposed as solutions.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this study suggest that AH is widespread with wide-reaching impact, yet organizations do not have mechanisms to identify or address it.
Integration of Primary and Oral Health Care—An Unrealized Opportunity
Authors: Simon Lisa , Lamster Ira
Published: June 2024

This Viewpoint discusses how dentists could provide some primary health care services as part of an interdisciplinary team, easing the burden on clinicians.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Twins
Authors: Shah Amit J. , Vaccarino Viola , Goldberg Jack , Huang Minxuan , Ko Yi-An , Ma Xin , Levantsevych Oleksiy M. , Smith Nicholas L. , Alagar Nikila , Mousselli Iman , Johnson Dayna A. , Clifford Gari D. , Bremner J. Douglas , Bliwise Donald L.
Published: June 2024

Importance

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition in older adult (aged >65 years) populations, but more mechanistic research is needed to individualize treatments. Previous evidence has suggested an association between OSA and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) but is limited by possible selection bias. High-quality research on this association with a careful evaluation of possible confounders may yield important mechanistic insight into both conditions and improve treatment efforts.

Objective

To investigate the association of current PTSD symptoms and PTSD diagnosis with OSA.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study of twin pairs discordant for PTSD, which allows for adjustment for familial factors, was conducted using in-laboratory polysomnography from March 20, 2017, to June 3, 2019. The study sample comprised male veteran twins recruited from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. The data analysis was performed between June 11, 2022, and January 30, 2023.

Exposure

Symptoms of PTSD in twins who served in the Vietnam War. Diagnosis of PTSD was a secondary exposure.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Obstructive sleep apnea was assessed using the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) (≥4% oxygen saturation criterion as measured by events per hour) with overnight polysomnography. Symptoms of PTSD were assessed using the PTSD Checklist (PCL) and structured clinical interview for PTSD diagnosis.

Results

A total of 181 male twins (mean [SD] age, 68.4 [2.0] years) including 66 pairs discordant for PTSD symptoms and 15 pairs discordant for a current PTSD diagnosis were evaluated. In models examining the PCL and OSA within pairs and adjusted for body mass index (BMI) and other sociodemographic, cardiovascular, and psychiatric risk factors (including depression), each 15-point increase in PCL was associated with a 4.6 (95% CI, 0.1-9.1) events-per-hour higher AHI. Current PTSD diagnosis was associated with an adjusted 10.5 (95% CI, 5.7-15.3) events-per-hour higher AHI per sleep-hour. Comparable standardized estimates of the association of PTSD symptoms and BMI with AHI per SD increase (1.9 events per hour; 95% CI, 0.5-3.3 events per hour) were found.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cross-sectional study found an association between PTSD and sleep-disordered breathing. The findings have important public health implications and may also enhance understanding of the many factors that potentially affect OSA pathophysiology.
Circadian Motor Improvement in MS and Core Body Temperature Dipping
Authors: Nigam Milan , Créange Alain , Leu-Semenescu Smaranda
Published: June 2024

This case report describes a man with multiple sclerosis and insomnia who noticed improved motor function during nocturnal awakenings compared with daytime.
What Parents Need to Know About Autism Screening and Early Treatment
Authors: Vasudevan Vijay , Nagel Anne , Thompson Lindsay A.
Published: June 2024

This JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page describes autism screening for children and how to access therapies.
A Role for Health Systems in Addressing Chronic Absenteeism
Authors: Shankar Michelle , Dooley Danielle G. , Cholera Rushina
Published: June 2024

This Viewpoint highlights opportunities for US pediatric health systems to address chronic absenteeism using school attendance data and collaborations between school and health systems.
Social Media Use and Internalizing Symptoms in Clinical and Community Adolescent Samples
Authors: Fassi Luisa , Thomas Kirsten , Parry Douglas A. , Leyland-Craggs Amelia , Ford Tamsin J. , Orben Amy
Published: June 2024

Importance

In response to widespread concerns about social media’s influence on adolescent mental health, most research has studied adolescents from the general population, overlooking clinical groups.

Objective

To synthesize, quantify, and compare evidence on the association between social media use and internalizing symptoms in adolescent clinical and community samples.

Data Sources

Peer-reviewed publications from MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and Scopus (initially reviewed in May 2022 and updated in October 2023) and preprints from Europe PubMed Central (February 2023) published in English between 2007 and 2023.

Study Selection

Two blinded reviewers initially identified 14 211 cross-sectional and longitudinal studies quantifying the association between social media use and internalizing symptoms, excluding experimental studies and randomized clinical trials.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines were followed, pooling data using a random-effects model and robust variance estimation. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Quality of Survey Studies in Psychology Checklist.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Articles were included if they reported at least 1 quantitative measure of social media use (time spent, active vs passive use, activity, content, user perception, and other) and internalizing symptoms (anxiety, depression, or both).

Results

The 143 studies reviewed included 1 094 890 adolescents and 886 effect sizes, 11% of which examined clinical samples. In these samples, a positive and significant meta-correlation was found between social media use and internalizing symptoms, both for time spent (n = 2893; r, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.15; P = .03; I2, 57.83) and user engagement (n = 859; r, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.15; P = .002; I2, 82.67). These associations mirrored those in community samples.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings in this study highlight a lack of research on clinical populations, a critical gap considering public concerns about the increase in adolescent mental health symptoms at clinical levels. This paucity of evidence not only restricts the generalizability of existing research but also hinders our ability to evaluate and compare the link between social media use and mental health in clinical vs nonclinical populations.
Terahertz Wave Absorption Spectroscopy of Gases
Authors: Wilke Ingrid
Published: June 2024

This article discusses gas analysis using terahertz (THz) wave spectroscopy in scientific research and industry. THz wave spectroscopy is performed with electromagnetic radiation in the THz frequency range. THz wave spectroscopy has attracted great interest in recent years due to the development of improved THz wave radiation sources and THz wave radiation detectors as well as novel THz wave spectroscopy systems. THz wave spectroscopy is a powerful method for trace gas analysis.

THz wave absorption measurements provide selective identification of polar gas molecules through their characteristic rotational spectra. The quantum mechanics of molecular rotations for spherical molecular rotors, linear molecular rotors, and symmetric rotors is outlined. Exemplary measurements of the THz wave absorption spectra of dinitrogen oxide (N
2
O), chloromethane (CH
3
Cl), and methanol (CH
3
OH) recorded between 220 GHz and 330 GHz are presented and discussed. The approach to and performance of a state‐of‐the‐art electronic THz wave absorption spectrometer operating in the 220–330 GHz frequency band are explained and illustrated. The capability of electronic THz wave spectrometers to detect a gas with high sensitivity and selectivity in a gas mixture is described for samples of gas isotopes and volatile organic compounds.
Non‐Targeted Analysis of Plastic Additives
Authors: Sühring Roxana , Fries Eric
Published: June 2024

This article presents an examination of non‐targeted analysis and suspect‐screening approaches in the identification and measurement of plastic additives and related contaminants. Four distinct case studies are highlighted, each demonstrating the utility of these techniques in various environmental contexts. The first study utilizes non‐targeted analysis for rapid fingerprinting of microplastics, illuminating sources of plastic pollution. The second investigation emphasizes the role of particle size in the leaching of plastic additives used in tires, with non‐targeted analysis revealing differences in chemical profiles based on particle size. The third case study introduces the novel technique of ‘smart suspect screening’, combining non‐targeted analysis and suspect screening to identify environmentally relevant compounds and their transformation products in the environment. The final study demonstrates the power of suspect screening in characterizing persistent, mobile, and toxic (PMT) plastic additives. Together, these case studies underscore the value of non‐targeted analysis and suspect screening in addressing plastic pollution as a complex chemical mixture problem, advancing our understanding of emerging contaminant threats from plastics. Rigorous data filtering, quality assurance, and reporting standards are emphasized to ensure the credibility and utility of the obtained results.
Error Theory
Authors: Joyce Richard
Published: June 2024

Error theory is a kind of radical skepticism about morality. The moral error theorist holds that all moral judgments are mistaken – not necessarily mistaken in apracticalsense, but in the sense that the world just doesn't contain the requisite “stuff” necessary to render any moral judgments true. Just as nothing is morally wrong or right, so too nothing is morally good or bad or evil, nothing is morally obligatory or prohibited or permissible, nothing is morally praiseworthy or blameworthy, nothing is a moral vice or virtue, nothing is morallyanything. In other words, the moral error theorist thinks that when we engage in moral evaluation we ascribe to the world (to actions, people, states of affairs, etc.) a range of properties and relations that simply aren't really there; morality is an illusion.
Psychopathy
Authors: Maibom Heidi L.
Published: June 2024

It used to be thought that psychopathy is a serious, life‐long, largely untreatable disorder characterized by abnormal emotions, impulsivity, irresponsibility, problems learning from experience, and antisocial behavior. However, the recent evidence throws doubt on the idea that psychopathy designates a natural kind or a medical taxon, that all diagnosed psychopaths are impulsive or antisocial, and that psychopathy is untreatable. This has significant consequences for how we think of the moral capacities of different people diagnosed with psychopathy and their legal responsibility.
Pharmacist Ethics
Authors: Ho Dien
Published: June 2024

Consuming pharmaceuticals is arguably the most common way we attempt to modify our physiology for better health. From over‐the‐counter vitamins to the $3.5 million per dose hemophilia treatment Hemgenix, pharmaceuticals are an indispensable part of healthcare and a significant segment of the global economy. Ethical issues with regard to pharmaceuticals are diverse. Some of them are variations of well‐known problems in other domains. For example, pharmaceutical developers’ obligation to provide expensive drugs to poorer nations is a reiteration of corporate social responsibility and distributive justice. Nonetheless, given the impact pharmaceuticals have on our physiology and thus our very being, pharmacist ethics concerns normative challenges that touch on deep questions about autonomy, limits of modifications, the nature of health and illness, and what exactly constitutes a treatment.
Infanticide
Authors: Tooley Michael
Published: June 2024

The question of the moral status of infanticide in the case of healthy human infants is very important, both theoretically and practically. Its theoretical importance lies in the fact that intuitions differ very greatly on this question, so that the ability to set out an answer that is solidly grounded in fundamental moral principles is a crucial task for any comprehensive account of the morality of killing. Its practical significance, on the other hand, lies in its connection with the very important, and closely related, ethical question of whether it is morally permissible to kill infants with severe birth defects. Two very different grounds have been offered for holding that infanticide is morally wrong, at least in the case of healthy human infants. The first claims that healthy human infants have a right to life, so that killing them is wrong because of their
intrinsic moral status
. The second claims that killing healthy human infants is wrong because of the
negative consequences
of doing so. The second of these types of objections would need to be the subject of a separate entry. Consequently, the discussion here is confined to the claim that killing human infants is intrinsically wrong because all human infants have a right to life.
Physical Simulation for Studying the Effect of Thermal Cycles Peak Temperature on Intermetallic Formation at Triclad Joints Interface
Authors: Palmieri Maria Emanuela , Rizzuti Antonino , Mastrorilli Piero , Tricarico Luigi
Published: June 2024

Aluminum/steel structural transition joints (STJs) are extensively used in the shipbuilding industry. This is because they offer the advantage of effectively combining these two materials, leading to substantial weight savings while maximizing their individual strengths. The research target is to evaluate the metallurgical properties of explosion‐welded Triclad aluminum/steel STJs under different peak temperature thermal cycles. Herein, the Gleeble physical simulator to apply thermal cycles on Triclad specimens with appropriate geometry is exploited. The results highlight that the peak temperature significantly affects the extension, thickness, and chemical composition of the intermetallic layer at the Fe/Al interface. An increase in peak temperature results in an increase in both the extension and thickness of the intermetalliclayer. The increase in peak temperature leads also to the formation of intermetallic compounds with a higher percentage of aluminum.
High‐Detectivity UV–Visible–NIR Broadband Polymer Photodetector with Polymer Charge Blocking Layer Cross‐Linked by Organic Photocrosslinker
Authors: Jung Hyocheol , Nguyen Tai , Kim Soyeon , Lee Jae Woong , Yu Hyeonggeun , Park Junsung , Lim Chanwoo , Lee Jihoon , Kim Do Young
Published: June 2024

Ultraviolet (UV), visible, and near‐infrared (NIR) broadband organic photodetectors are fabricated by sequential solution‐based thin film coatings of a polymer electron blocking layer (EBL) and a polymer photoactive layer. To avoid damage to a preceding polymer EBL during a subsequent solution‐based film coating of a polymer photoactive layer due to lack of solvent orthogonality, 2‐(((4‐azido‐2,3,5,6‐tetrafluorobenzoyl)oxy)methyl)−2‐ethylpropane‐1,3‐diyl bis(4‐azido‐2,3,5,6‐tetrafluorobenzoate) (FPA‐3F) is used as a novel organic cross‐linking agent activated by UV irradiation with a wavelength of 254 nm. Solution‐processed poly[N,N′‐bis(4‐butylphenyl)‐N,N′‐bis(phenyl)‐benzidine] (poly‐TPD) films, which are cross‐linked with a FPA‐3F photocrosslinker, are used for a preceding polymer EBL. A ternary blend film composed of PTB7‐Th, COi8DFIC, and PC71BM is used as a NIR‐sensitive organic photoactive layer with strong photosensitivity in multispectral (UV–visible–NIR) wavelengths of 300–1,050 nm. Poly‐TPD films are successfully cross‐linked even with a very small amount of 1 wt% FPA‐3F. Small amounts of FPA‐3F have little detrimental effect on the electrical and optoelectronic properties of the cross‐linked poly‐TPD EBL. Finally, organic NIR photodetectors with a poly‐TPD EBL cross‐linked by the small addition of FPA‐3F (1 wt%) show the detectivity values higher than 1 × 1012 Jones for the entire UV–visible–NIR wavelengths from 300 nm to 1050 nm, and the maximum detectivity values of 1.41 × 1013 Jones and 8.90 × 1012 Jones at the NIR wavelengths of 900 and 1000 nm, respectively.
Poly(ester‐alt‐acetal) Electrolyte via In Situ Copolymerization for High‐Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries: Lithium Salt Catalysts Deciding Stable Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase
Authors: Guo Jiafang , Liu Xiong , Shen Zikai , Lv Yanbing , Zhang Xun , Zhang Chengjian , Zhang Xinghong
Published: June 2024

The in situ‐formed polymer electrolytes provide a vital solution for improving both safety and performance in the high‐voltage lithium metal batteries. This study reports new poly(ester‐alt‐acetal) (PEA) electrolytes, synthesized through in situ alternating copolymerization of glutaric anhydride and 1,3‐dioxane. In the presence of 25 wt.% lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), three lithium salts, lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate (LiDFOB), lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), and lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4) are employed as the catalysts for the copolymerization. These lithium salts can modulate the compositions of the solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. PEA‐LiPF6 exhibits outstanding SEI chemistry, with observing the highest LiF content, thereby achieving a remarkable critical current density of up to 2.5 mA cm−2, a Li+ transference number of 0.81, and an expansive electrochemical stability window of 6.0 V. Furthermore, PEA‐LiPF6 demonstrates noteworthy capacity retention rates of 96.6% (0.5 C, 200th/first cycle in LiFePO4||Li), 95.6% (0.5 C, 100th/first cycle in LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4||Li), 95.1% (1 C, 100th/first cycle in LiCoO2||Li), and 87.0% (1 C, 100th/first cycle in LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2||Li full‐cells). This work demonstrates a facile in situ route to fabricate polymer electrolytes for high‐voltage lithium‐metal batteries with balanced and comprehensive performance.
Sodium–Sulfur Cells with a Sulfurized Polyacrylonitrile Cathode and a Localized High Concentration Electrolyte with Toluene as a Nonfluorinated Diluent
Authors: Pai Min‐Hao , Lai Tianxing , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: June 2024

Room‐temperature sodium–sulfur (Na–S) batteries are recognized as promising candidates for next‐generation scalable energy storage systems due to their high energy density and cost‐effectiveness. However, several challenges persist, including the shuttle effect of polysulfide and the compatibility of sodium metal with electrolytes. Herein, the study presents a novel type of localized high‐concentration electrolyte (LHCE), utilizing a cost‐effective, low‐density nonfluorinated diluent, toluene, in contrast to the conventional fluorinated diluents. Based on density functional theory calculations and sodium stripping/plating behavior, toluene demonstrates better reduction stability than other aromatic solvents with different substitutions. Also, compared to the 1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethyl‐2,2,3,3‐tetrafluoropropyl‐ether (TTE) diluent, toluene exhibits enhanced compatibility with sodium metal. Furthermore, it modifies the solvation structure by favoring anion‐dominated species, which contributes to the formation of a robust inorganic‐rich solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) with better Na‐ion transport. Consequently, Na–S cells featuring sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) cathode with the developed LHCE exhibit good cycling stability with high capacity. The work presents a promising strategy for developing low‐cost practical Na–S batteries.
Stretchable Metamaterials with Tamm/Fano Resonances for Tunable, Efficient Mechanochromic Color Shifting
Authors: Nuguri Sravya M. , Shreiber Daniel , Cerjan Benjamin , Einck Vincent , Halas Naomi J. , Griep Mark H. , Watkins James J.
Published: June 2024

Next‐generation wearable and optoelectronic technologies requires highly adaptable light manipulation capabilities for applications in sensors, displays, and optical switches on flexible substrates. Here, a cost‐effective approach is presented for realizing a Tamm Plasmon (TP) resonant device on a flexible platform by combining nanoimprint lithography with layer‐by‐layer assembly. The TP device incorporates a stretchable, 1D bragg (BRG) stack coupled with a gold (Au) and aluminum (Al) metasurface, whose dimensions are designed to enable tunability in the visible and near‐infrared (NIR) regions of the spectrum. The device exhibits substantial reflected intensities (≈75%) and a well‐defined, narrow TP minimum of approximately 30 nm. Both TP and Fano resonances can be clearly observed by incorporating symmetry‐broken metasurface features with the BRG stack. The integrated system is subjected to both uniaxial (up to 37% strain) and biaxial (up to 25% strain) stretching, demonstrating dynamic chromatic responses in both the visible and near‐infrared regimes with sensitivities of ≈6.2 nm/%. This work clearly demonstrates a cost‐effective route for the fabrication of multi‐plasmon resonant devices with tunable colors on a flexible platform.
Multi‐Parameters Self‐Powered Monitoring via Triboelectric and Electromagnetic Mechanisms for Smart Transmission Lines
Authors: Zhang Xiaosong , Wang Jianlong , Zhai Shijie , Yu Yang , Cheng Xiaojun , Li Hengyu , Wang Zhong Lin , Cheng Tinghai
Published: June 2024

The application of distributed sensors in smart transmission lines to replace traditional inspection methods is an inevitable trend. Currently, the challenge of energy supply for sensors serves as a bottleneck that hinders the intelligent development of transmission lines. This paper focuses on the application of self‐powered inspection technology based on triboelectric and electromagnetic mechanisms in transmission lines. It proposes a self‐powered temperature and vibration monitoring and warning system (STV‐MWS) for multi‐parameter monitoring of transmission line status. This work utilizes the quasi‐zero stiffness structure and center misalignment design to improve the output performance of STV‐MWS at low vibration amplitude, thereby extending its vibration amplitude response range. The STV‐MWS is capable of harvesting and monitoring vibration of 50 µm and above vibration amplitude and 2–700 Hz vibration frequencies, which fully covers the breeze vibration range of transmission lines. Through the split package design, the flexible deployment of STV‐MWS is achieved, further enhancing its engineering application value. This work can effectively ensure that the transmission line inspection can carry out accurate status monitoring and intelligent analysis in the environment characterized by steep terrain, challenging power extraction, and difficult fault judgment, thereby realizing the visualization and intelligence of the transmission line status.
State‐of‐the‐Art and Future Challenges of Smart Wound Dressings for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Treatment
Authors: Szunerits Sabine , Boukherroub Rabah
Published: June 2024

The slow healing process of diabetic wound due to persisting infections in wound bed, owing to hyperglycemia, makes the search for efficient treatments pending. While it is complicated to increase the wound closure rate in diabetic‐related wounds due to the complex pathology, the treatment of such wound with hydrogels is seen as a promising approach and pursued over the years. However, where is this research currently standing in terms of clinical translation of these different multifunctional and stimuli‐responsive hydrogel bandages to accelerate diabetic foot ulcer healing and help to improve the life of the patients and the future of diabetic wound management? This perspective article will review some of the most important advancements in the field and will conclude with some perspectives, considered as relevant in the clinical context.
Gasdiffusionselektroden für die Elektrokatalytische Oxidation von Gasförmigem Ammoniak: Das Überqueren des Thermodynamischen Tals der Stickstoffdreifachbindung
Authors: Cechanaviciute Ieva A. , Kumari Bhawana , Alfes Lars M. , Andronescu Corina , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: June 2024

Da Ammoniak als vielversprechender Wasserstoffträger immer mehr an Interesse gewinnt, wird auch die elektrochemische Ammoniak‐Oxidationsreaktion (AmOR) immer interessanter. Um die Freisetzung von H2 in einer umgekehrten Haber–Bosch‐Reaktion unter Bildung des energetisch günstigeren N2 zu vermeiden, schlagen wir die Oxidation von Ammoniak zu Nitrit (NO2−) vor, das üblicherweise während des Ostwald‐Prozesses gewonnen wird. Wir untersuchten die anodische Oxidation von gasförmigem Ammoniak, der direkt einer Gasdiffusionselektrode (GDE) zugeführt wird, unter Verwendung verschiedener, in ihrer Zusammensetzung unterschiedlicher Multimetallkatalysatoren, die auf Ni‐Schaum abgeschieden sind, bei gleichzeitiger Bildung von H2 an der Kathode. Dadurch wird die H2‐Menge pro Ammoniakmolekül verdoppelt, während gleichzeitig ein niedrigeres Überpotential als bei der Wasserelektrolyse (1,4–1,8 V gegen RHE bei 50 mA cm−2) angelegt wird. Eine Selektivitätsstudie zeigte, dass einige der Katalysatorzusammensetzungen in der Lage waren, erhebliche Mengen an NO2− zu produzieren. Weitere Untersuchungen mit dem vielversprechendsten Katalysator Nif_AlCoCrCuFe, der in eine GDE integriert ist, zeigten eine Faraday‐Effizienz von bis zu 88 % für NO2− an der Anode, gekoppelt mit einer Faraday‐Effizienz von nahezu 100 % für die kathodische H2‐Produktion.
Anodische H2O2‐Erzeugung in Elektrolyten auf Karbonatbasis – Mechanistische Erkenntnisse Mittels Elektrochemischer Rastermikroskopie
Authors: Li Lejing , Antony Rajini P. , Santana Santos Carla , Limani Ndrina , Dieckhöfer Stefan , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: June 2024

Für die anodische H2O2‐Bildung kann die Elektrolytzusammensetzung den Reaktionsweg in Richtung einer erhöhten Produktbildung lenken. Frühere Untersuchungen zur Optimierung der Elektrolytzusammensetzung haben gezeigt, dass die Auswirkungen des molaren Anteils der Karbonatspezies für verschiedene Anodenmaterialien unterschiedlich sind, und daher gibt es weiterhin Kontroversen über die Reaktionswege und die an der H2O2‐Bildung beteiligten Spezies. In Anbetracht der Tatsache, dass die Wasseroxidation zur Freisetzung von Protonen in der Anodenmikroumgebung führt, würde die entsprechende Ansäuerung eine Gleichgewichtsverschiebung zwischen den Karbonatspezies bewirken, was wiederum den Reaktionsweg modulieren könnte. Wir haben die Veränderungen im Anteil der Karbonatspezies in der Nähe einer arbeitenden Anode bestimmt, indem wir lokale pH‐Messungen mit einer Au‐Nanoelektrode, die mittels elektrochemischer Scherkraft‐Rastermikroskopie (SECM) in unmittelbarer Nähe einer sich in Betrieb befindlichen Anode positioniert war, durchgeführt haben. Es konnte bestätigt werden, dass die wichtigste anionische Spezies an der Grenzfläche HCO3− ist, und zwar bei Potentialen, bei denen H2O2 bevorzugt gebildet wird, unabhängig vom pH‐Wert im Volumen der Lösung. Die gleichzeitige Verwendung einer Au−Pt‐Doppelmikroelektrode in Generator‐Kollektor‐SECM‐Messungen zeigt, dass die lokale HCO3−Konzentration insgesamt durch den Oxidationsstrom, die Pufferkapazität und den pH‐Wert des Elektrolyten bestimmt wird.
Decarboxylation cross‐linking of fluorescein‐based copolyimides for gas separations
Authors: Chen Bo , Qin Peiyong , Li Pei
Published: June 2024

A fluorescein‐based diamine, 2‐(3,6‐bis(4‐amino‐3‐hydroxyphenoxy)‐9H‐xanthen‐9‐yl) benzoic acid (CADA), was synthesized and copolymerized with Durene and 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) to form a 6FDA‐Durene/CADA (3:2) copolyimide. The copolyimide was thermally cross‐linked at 300–425°C to form a series of decarboxylated cross‐linked polyimides. Compared with the 6FDA‐CADA polyimide, the incorporation of Durene diamine increased gas permeability of the pristine and the thermally cross‐linked polyimides greatly. The copolyimide cross‐linked at 375°C showed separation performance to the O2/N2 gas pair beyond the 1991 Robeson upper limit, while the CO2/CH4 separation property of the copolyimide cross‐linked at 425°C (PI‐425) was close to the 2008 Robeson upper limit. Moreover, the anti‐CO2‐induced plasticization property of the 6FDA‐Durene/CADA(3:2) copolyimides was improved by cross‐linking. The copolyimides cross‐linked at 350°C and above were not plasticized at a CO2 pressure up to 30 atm. This study showed that gas transport property of the decarboxylated cross‐linked polyimides could be improved significantly by the incorporation of bulky diamino moiety. The fluorescein‐based copolyimide had great potentials for gas separation applications.
A Thiophene Functionalized Hf(IV)‐Organic Framework for the Detection of Anti‐Neoplastic Drug Flutamide and Biomolecule Hemin and Catalysis of Friedel‐Crafts Alkylation
Authors: Din Mir Nazir Ud , Karthik Veerappan , Sundari Kalimuthu Abirami , Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi , Biswas Shyam
Published: June 2024

Development, rapid detection and quantification of anticancer drugs in biological samples are crucial for effective drug monitoring. The present work describes the design of a Hf(IV)‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF) (1) by the reaction between Hf(IV) ion and 2‐(thiophene‐2‐carboxamido)terephthalic acid linker with the surface area of 571 m2 g−1. Desolvated MOF (1′) displayed highly discriminative fluorescence sensing properties for the antineoplastic drug flutamide and biomolecule hemin in an aqueous medium in the presence of co‐existing biomolecules and ions. The MOF's response time for sensing flutamide and hemin was less than 5 s with low detection limits of 1.5 and 0.08 nM, respectively. Additionally, 1′ also demonstrated recyclability up to five cycles and maintained its sensing ability across different pH media, various water samples, and biological fluids. Experimental and theoretical analyses suggested photoinduced electron transfer and inner‐filter effect in the presence of flutamide and Förster resonance energy transfer in the presence of hemin are most likely reasons behind the fluorescence quenching of MOF. Furthermore, the MOF demonstrated catalytic activity in Friedel‐Crafts alkylation reactions, providing a 96 % yield with slight decay in its activity over four uses. The enhanced activity of 1′ compared to Hf‐BDC and Hf‐BDC‐NH2 (BDC: 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylic acid) is due to the functionalized thiophene moieties through hydrogen bond donating sites, confirmed by a series of control experiments.
Light‐Enhanced Tandem‐Responsive Nano Delivery Platform for Amplified Anti‐tumor Efficiency
Authors: Wang Xing , Li Yuanhang , Qi Zhengjian
Published: June 2024

Designing nanomedicines with low toxicity, high targeting, excellent therapeutic effects, and precise release is always the major challenges in clinical cancer treatment. Here, we report a light‐enhanced tandem‐responsive nano delivery platform COF‐B@X‐03 for amplified anti‐tumor efficiency. Biotin‐loaded COF‐B@X‐03 could precisely target tumor cells, and the azo and hydrazone bonds in it would be depolymerized by the overexpressed azoreductase and acidic microenvironment in hypoxic tumors. In vitro experimental results indicate mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by COF‐B@X‐03 under light is the direct cause of tumor cell death. In vivo experimental data prove COF‐B@X‐03 achieves low oxygen dependent phototherapy, and the maintenance of intratumoral hypoxia provides the possibility for the continuous degradation of COF‐B@X‐03 to generate more reactive oxygen species for tumor photodynamic therapy by released X‐03. In the end, COF‐B@X‐03 phototherapy group achieves higher tumor inhibition rate than X‐03 phototherapy group, which is 81.37 %. Meanwhile, COF‐B@X‐03 significantly eliminates the risk of tumor metastasis. In summary, the construction of this tandem‐responsive nano delivery platform provides a new direction for achieving efficient removal of solid tumors in clinical practice.
Money Versus Time: The Effects of Social Media Exclusion on Mental Construal and Donation Behaviors
Authors: Li Dajun , Zhang Nan , Li Huihui
Published: June 2024

The development of social media platforms has ushered in a new era in which online media interactions, such as Facebook and Twitter, have largely supplanted traditional means of interpersonal interaction. This has resulted in problems such as cyberbullying and social exclusion. Previous research has indicated that people who feel socially excluded react more positively to altruistic behaviors, which could effectively restore connection and happiness from the exclusion. This study investigates two distinct types of social media exclusion (being rejected vs. being ignored) to determine their subsequent donation preferences (money vs. time). In three substudies, this study explores donation behaviors and demonstrates that people who feel socially rejected (ignored) react more positively to the donation of money (time). Study 1 reveals that being rejected (ignored) by social media leads people to form low (high)‐level mental construals, resulting in preferences for the donation of money (time). Study 2 examines how matching the exclusion type with the abstractness of appeals (abstract vs. concrete) affects donation preference. Similarly, Study 3 demonstrates the matching effects of exclusion type and the temporal distance of appeals (current vs. future) on subsequent charitable behaviors. Charitable fundraisers are advised to align their charitable appeals with people's construal levels to help these excluded media users not only reconnect their belonging with the community but also recover their happiness after the exclusion experiences.
A green and highly sensitive microwell spectrofluorimetric method with high throughput for the determination of pemigatinib based on dual fluorescence enhancement by photoinduced electron transfer blocking and micellization: Application to the analysis of tablets, content uniformity testing, and human plasma
Authors: Darwish Ibrahim A. , Alzoman Nourah Z. , Alsalhi Mohammed S.
Published: June 2024

Pemigatinib (PGT) is a recently FDA‐approved small molecule kinase inhibitor used for the treatment of relapsed or refractory myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms in adults. This study introduces the development of a first microwell spectrofluorimetric method (MW‐SFM) for quantifying PGT in FDA‐approved tablets and plasma samples. The method utilized the enhancement of PGT's weak native fluorescence by blocking photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and micellization with sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). The MW‐SFM was performed in 96‐microwell plates, and fluorescence signals were measured using a fluorescence microplate reader with excitation at 290 nm and emission at 350 nm. The method exhibited a linear range of 2–250 ng mL−1, and a limit of quantitation was 6.5 ng mL−1. The accuracy and precision of the method were confirmed with recovery rates ranging from 96.5% to 102.8% and relative standard deviations of 1.52% to 3.51%. The MW‐SFM successfully analyzed Pemazyre® tablets, assessed content uniformity, and analyzed PGT‐spiked human plasma samples. The greenness of the MW‐SFM was verified using three different metric tools. In conclusion, the proposed MW‐SFM is a valuable tool in supporting quality assessment of dosage forms, conducting pharmacokinetic studies, and monitoring therapeutic outcomes.
Investigating the effects of dexamethasone on pulmonary surfactant lipids based on lipidomics studies
Authors: Wang Zhao , Li Tao , Lin Lili , Xiong Yingcai , Chen Hui , Ye Jin , Ji Jianjian , Wang Shouchuan
Published: June 2024

Dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid commonly used in pediatric patients, has potent anti‐inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. However, it is associated with side effects such as reduced lung function and decreased immunity. Pulmonary surfactant lipids are closely linked to lung disease and play a role in reducing surface tension, immune response and antiviral activity. The dysregulation of lipid metabolism is closely associated with lung disease. Hence, untargeted lipidomics may be instrumental in elucidating the effects of dexamethasone on pulmonary surfactant lipids. We obtained surfactant lipid samples from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of young mice injected subcutaneously with dexamethasone and conducted a comprehensive lipidomic analysis, comparing them with a control group. We observed a decrease in lipids, such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine, and an increase in ceramide, fatty acid, diacylglycerol and monoglyceride, which may impact lung health. This study revealed the influence of dexamethasone on pulmonary surfactant lipids, offering new insights into adverse reactions in clinical settings.
Development of an organic polymer monolith column for the nano liquid chromatography fast analysis of monoclonal antibody in infusion bags prepared in a hospital pharmacy
Authors: Andre Claire , Guillaume Yves Claude
Published: June 2024

Poly(butyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith was in situ prepared in a liquid chromatography capillary column with a 75 μm internal diameter. This monolith offered high permeability (5.3 ± 10−14 m2) and good peak capacity (140 for a 15 cm column length at 300 nl/min with a 20 min gradient time). This is exemplified by its separation ability in reversed mode for subunit analysis of monoclonal antibodies after IdeS digestion (middle‐up analysis). The potential of this column was also illustrated for the fast analytical control of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in standardized infusion bags prepared in advance in a pharmacy department. Linearity analysis revealed the column's capability for accurate quantification analysis of the different dose bandings (in mg) of monoclonal antibodies in <2 min. In addition, lifetime analysis data indicated that the column can be highly reproducible and has a long lifetime with stable and low back pressure. The variations observed on the peak shape and area between unstressed (intact) and stressed monoclonal antibodies indicated that our nano liquid chromatographic method was stability indicating. In addition, using a gradient elution mode, the presence of minor components in the infusion bags was visualized.
Extra Virgin Olive Oil′s Main Components′ Antioxidant Activity and in Silico Effect on AKT1
Authors: Boucheffa Saliha , Kheyar‐Kraouche Naouel , Djermouni Meriem , Bettihi Sarra , Sellal Abdelhakim , Cheraft Nassima , Berboucha Meriem , Rovellini Pierangela , Kelebek Hasim , Tamendjari Abderezak
Published: June 2024

The study compared the chemical composition of various olive oils from the northern Algerian province of Bejaia. The research focused on the antioxidant activities of the oil‘s main constituents and their ability to inhibit the AKT1 protein, which is implicated in the development of colorectal cancer. The findings revealed that all of the examined oils fell within the extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) category and exhibited a high oleic acid content, particularly for samples from wild olives. These oils include high amount of ligstroside and oleocanthal, two important phenolic compounds. Wild olive oils stand out from cultivated ones due to their higher bitterness index. In addition, these oils have the highest concentrations of α‐tocopherols and the best oxidative stability. Olive oil extracts demonstrated their antioxidant properties by neutralizing DPPH and ABTS radicals and converting ferric ions (Fe3+) to ferrous ions (Fe2+) for FRAP assay. Molecular docking was applied to assess the interaction between the main compounds identified in the analyzed olive oils and the human AKT1 protein, which is involved in the genesis of colorectal cancer. The findings revealed that lutein, oleuropein aglycone, and ligstroside aglycone had the highest binding affinity for the AKT1 protein. The present study could provide the theoretical foundation for further research on the interaction between AKT1 protein and EVOO compounds.