bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of human perception models for motion sickness in autonomous driving
Authors: Yunus Ilhan , Farhan Witjaksono Fikri , Naz Başokur Elif , Jerrelind Jenny , Drugge Lars
Published: June 2022

Autonomous vehicle technologies are rapidly growing and are expected to change transportation habits radically. Autonomous cars increase the likelihood of motion sickness by allowing everyone in the vehicle to become passengers and perform non-driving tasks such as reading, working, and socializing. Comfort is one of the critical factors in the acceptance of autonomous vehicles. This makes accurate estimation of motion sickness a necessity in the development stages of autonomous vehicles. The sensory conflict theory is a widely accepted theory that explains the mechanism of motion sickness. Computational models based on the sensory conflict theory are used to predict motion sickness and contain two main parts: a human perception model and a nonlinear fitting function to the subjective feeling of motion sickness. Models of the human perception, including the dynamics of the vestibular system, are used to calculate the difference between sensory inputs and the predicted motions in the brain, i.e. the conflict signal, which is the primary cause of motion sickness. One of the main limitations of motion sickness prediction is how to mathematically model human perception because of the complexity of the psychophysiological systems. The aim of this work is to implement and analyse different human perception modelling techniques, such as observer framework in the control theory and optimal estimator approach using Kalman filters, to evaluate their abilities to integrate with motion sickness prediction. In this study, the different human perception models are implemented and analysed using MATLAB / Simulink and the advantages, as well as disadvantages of the models, are discussed.
Bringing the Driver Back In-The-Loop: Usefulness of Letting the Driver Know the Duration of an Automated Drive and its Impact on Takeover Performance
Authors: Marx Cyril , Ebinger Nikolai , Santuccio Erika , Moertl Peter
Published: June 2022

A critical challenge of higher levels of automated driving (SAE level 3) is the reengagement of the driver to take back manual control. In this relatively novel mode of automated driving that is slowly becoming commercially available, the driver can perform non-driving related tasks but has to take over when the vehicle reaches the boundaries for its design domain for automated driving. The challenge here is for the driver to build sufficient situation awareness of the vehicle and the environment before taking back control in a timely and safe manner. In this study we investigated to what extent the driver could be helped by receiving predictive information about the duration of the automated driving as well as the available time for the reengagement.To address this research question, we conducted a simulator study where 41 participants drove alternating in manual mode and automated mode. Multiple times the participants had to take back control of driving prior to a stationary vehicle that blocked the lane. Audiovisual cues informed the participants about the necessary take-over 15 seconds in advance. The cockpit display showed the current driving mode (automated versus manual), as well as one of four types of prediction information: a) The baseline display type showed no prediction of time at all, b) the transition prediction (TP) display type showed the available time for the take-over, c) the automated driving prediction (AP) display type showed a remaining time during automated driving, and d) the combined display type showed both types of information (TP and AP). We compared the perceived usefulness of the prediction types in a questionnaire, the gaze behavior during control transition/automated driving segments as well as driving performance.The results indicate that the combined display type was perceived to be highly useful by the participants when transitioning control from automated to manual driving. This perceived usefulness is positively associated with their intention to use such a system in their daily lives. An analysis of the driver’s gaze indicates that drivers used the combined display type during takeovers and automated driving more than the other display types. Furthermore, drivers apparently acquired over time a safer gaze behavior with the combined display type as they monitored the road environment more during control transitions than in the other conditions. This effect was only present after a couple of takeovers, showing a gradual increase, which indicates that it requires some learning to fully utilize the time predictions.The results imply that a combined display type of predictive information about the duration of automated driving and reengagement time was perceived to be highly useful by the participants. In this paper we describe the results along with performance results and a comprehensive assessment with implications for further research.
How does age impact in-vehicle touchscreen performance?
Authors: Skrypchuk Lee , Proctor Karl , Clifton Daniel
Published: June 2022

Touchscreens are becoming commonplace in the modern-day vehicle, meaning they need to be accessible to all users, young or old. An experiment was conducted to understand the impact of age-related decline on touchscreen task performance when driving where users were asked to complete a simple touchscreen task in both a stationary (static) and moving (dynamic) condition. As expected, a significant decrease in task performance was found when comparing the static condition to a dynamic one. However, when analysing these two conditions by age, only the dynamic condition produced a significant decrease. A positive moderate correlation was also found in both conditions. This result has implications for the design of in-vehicle touchscreen systems to be inclusive of users of different ages and provides insight about the impact of when tasks are carried out in the vehicle.
Can Driver Behavior be traced to Gender Role, Sex and Age?
Authors: Oppenheim Ilit , Parmet Yisrael , Oron-Gilad Tal
Published: June 2022

Traffic violations are deliberate deviations from safe driving rules associated with enhanced risks for crash involvement, impacted by traits and demographics. Violations tend to decrease with age, males and young drivers tend to make more violations. But some studies reported the opposite or no sex differences. We argue that part of this ambiguity can be attributed to gender role (Undifferentiated, Feminine, Masculine, and Androgynous). Previously, we showed that for a group of 527 adult drivers (mean age 29), gender role was a better predictor of violation tendency than sex. Now we extend this study by using a larger sample in three age categories (≤20, 21-54, and 55-65). We aim to examine whether gender role contributes to explaining violations. We distributed a web-based survey containing self-reports of traffic violations (DBQ; Reason et al., 1990), the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI; Bem, 1974), and demographics. In total we collected 1039 questionnaires, 485 females and 554 males. We used a K-Means cluster analysis to define the gender role groups and came up with 5 meaningful clusters (Undifferentiated, Feminine, Masculine, Androgynous, and Mid). The mid group is new, and indicative of possible preconception in gender roles of the Bem inventory. We then conducted a three-way interaction model on violations. Gender role, age and sex predicted respondents' violation tendency, and their three-way interaction was statistically significant. The masculine young males had the highest predicted DBQ violation scores. Scores decreased with age except for the older masculine males. Furthermore, androgynous elderly males had the lowest scores. Our results show that there is value to include gender role in analysis of violations, and that this factor contributes over age and sex alone. Including gender role yielded better predictors of driver behavior than sex alone. The effect of gender role on drivers' self-reported violation tendency is an exciting and intriguing finding which indicates the need to further examine gender role effects in driving.
A comprehensive safety analysis for gaze fixation of drivers to outside scene
Authors: Sarkar Abhijit
Published: June 2022

Driver distraction is one of the major contributing factors for crashes and near crashes. Research shows that driver distraction for as small as 2 seconds can result in safety critical events. Unfortunately, there are limited research in understanding the effects of outside objects in driver distraction. In this work we mainly concentrate on gaze fixation to objects that are located outside the vehicle. We used crash/ near crash (CNC) events, as well as baseline (BL) driving events from SHRP2 naturalistic driving study (NDS) to understand gaze fixation patterns. We selected a total of 666 events from CNC and 446 events from BL events. To reduce variability, these events are selected for cases where the driver gaze is fixated through the right windshield. We performed statistical analysis on both the sets of events for gaze fixation. When comparing between CNC and BL, the drivers mostly struggle to perceive information of dynamic objects in the scene, information from billboards and intersection scene, as well as for driving tasks while changing lanes, maneuvering to avoid other objects including pedestrians, taking a turn.
Control Centers for Maneuver-based Teleoperation of Highly Automated and Autonomous Vehicles: System Model and Requirements
Authors: Herzberger Nicolas , Wasser Joscha , Flemisch Frank
Published: June 2022

The drive towards highly automated vehicles is continuing to gain traction, however when bridging the gap from SAE level 2 automated vehicles to highly automated level 4 vehicles, there is a phase that will require temporary takeovers by a human driver. One approach is that a tele-operator is taking over the full control over the vehicle, which requires a sophisticated control center and a data connection enabling video with sufficient bandwidth and low latency. A slightly different approach can be chosen: When a driving automation reaches a system limit or border (e.g. a construction zone or an unclear traffic situation), it can request the support of an operator in a control center to support with the vehicle control. In this instance, the vehicle is not directly tele-operated but instead proposes a possible maneuver, which then can be selected, dismissed or approved by the operator, and will then be executed by the automated driving system. This is a likely scenario for vehicles with automation capabilities limited to specific use cases or in mixed traffic situations in which not all vehicles are capable of vehicle-to-vehicle communication. An additional role of the operator is responding to emergency calls by occupants by assessing the situation in the vehicle and its surroundings. Using a video and audio link, the operator can connect with an occupant in case of security or health concerns. The paper presents a human system analysis and sketches the requirements for a control center as an intermediate step towards the rollout of highly automated or autonomous vehicles.
Human Autonomous Vehicle (HAV): From sickness prevention to emotional response
Authors: De Nalda Tárrega Víctor , Soler Andrés , Palomares Nicolás , Silva Javier , Laparra Jose , Solaz Jose
Published: June 2022

Dynamic driving simulators have been a key tool to reduce time and costs during the design and development of new automobile models or advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS) (Lyga et al., 2020). However, more efforts are needed to enhance the acceptance of new technologies by considering the human factors early in the process.Due to the high development costs or to the low fidelity of the final result, to develop and build a medium cost dynamic driving simulator with a good level of immersivity is not an easy task. The simulator should have a high level of immersivity, to achieve high correlation with field operational tests, and minimize the sickness effect of the simulators. A simulator with these capabilities can be used to validate different devices or systems from the automobile field with users, measuring physiological signals, behavior, movements and telemetry data.IBV has achieved this dynamic driving simulator by using an open-source software, CARLA (Team, n.d.), in which the different scenarios can be simulated. This simulator is based in a client server architecture, a motion platform with 6 degrees of freedom and 550 kg of payload (“Motion Platform PS-6TM-550 (6DoF, 550kg) - Motion Systems,” n.d.), three main screens with two rearview screens and an HMI (Human Machine Interface). This HMI can be used as an additional screen showing relevant travel information to the user, as a display of the user´s signals or as a panel with a driving assistance system among other things.The possibility of validating different products with a dynamic simulator of these characteristics, in which emotional responses associated to the different driving conditions can be generated and evaluated, with defined and customized experimentation conditions, and without having to develop their own simulator, can save a lot of time and money to the different companies.
Continuing Development of a Novel Framework for Visual Air Traffic Controller Tasks: Determining metrics for evaluating spatial relationships
Authors: Smith Lori , Kinsella Amelia , Berry Katherine , Collins Rebecca
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this paper is to present a combination of metrics for evaluating spatial relationships while utilizing new airport traffic control tower (ATCT) technologies that replace a traditional out-the-window view. Johnson’s criteria of object detection, recognition, and identification are used as an objective metric when siting new ATCTs. However, Airport Traffic Control Specialists (ATCSs) must incorporate additional cues into their decision-making process for the variety of tasks relying on visual information. In particular, ATCSs utilize perceptual cues from the airport's environment to ensure both runway separation and sequencing/spacing based on visual cues provide safe and efficient operations. For both safety and efficiency, ensuring runway separation is one of the most important services ATCSs provide. When an ATCS is responsible for ensuring runway separation using a display screen instead of a window, additional factors need to be considered when evaluating these technologies’ ability to provide the necessary visual information. In addition to Johnson’s criteria for detecting, recognizing, and identifying a single object, a combination of factors, such as landmarks, relative speed, crossing intersections, etc., need to be utilized to ensure ATCSs can determine spatial relationships between two objects, and therefore provide runway separation. This paper will discuss the application of these factors in an evaluation of new technologies for ATCTs.
The Ground Station Operator in Single Pilot Operations – Active or Passive role?
Authors: P G Martins Ana , Lieb Joonas , Friedrich Max
Published: June 2022

The introduction of single pilot operations (SPO) in commercial aviation for large passenger aircraft will require new operational procedures and the implementation of technical innovations on the ground and in the cockpit. Most concepts under investigation assume ground support at all times to monitor and support the onboard single pilot (SP). The question remains on the level of involvement of the ground station operator (GSO) in nominal situations in two phases of highest workload, departure and arrival. Current operational procedures of two-piloted aircraft assume a distribution of tasks and responsibilities between the pilot flying (PF) and the pilot monitoring (PM). In SPO the pilot will remain the pilot flying (arguably with more support from automation), but automation, the GSO or even the SP, will need to take over the tasks traditionally delegated to the PM. The extent of the support provided by the GSO depends on the chosen operational concept and the expected level of engagement. We present an analysis of the allocation of tasks for an active as opposed to a more passive role of the human operator on the ground during the departure and arrival phases, complementing the analyses conducted in previous research.
Misrepresenting Reality - Limitations of Accident Documentaries for Airline Pilot Training
Authors: Cookson Simon
Published: June 2022

Previous research indicates that many pilots believe studying past accidents is important for current airline safety. Furthermore, TV documentaries are a common source of information about accidents. This study examines how accurately the 1990 Avianca 052 accident is represented in one influential documentary. The analysis compares the documentary with information in the NTSB accident report and finds that extensive and significant changes were made. The adaptations include: use of an omniscient narrator, language change, dialog transformations, paralinguistics, the addition of visual information and other voices. The implication is that the documentary is a simplified and inaccurate representation of the Avianca 052 accident. This is problematic because the documentary continues to be widely used as an information source. The paper concludes with a caution concerning the use of accident documentaries in airline pilot training.
User experiences and expectations towards automation and safety in air traffic control
Authors: Svensson Åsa , Peukert Maximilian
Published: June 2022

Various forms of advanced automation in air traffic control are being developed to reduce air traffic controller (ATCO) workload, support performance, and increase safety. However, higher levels of automation can negatively affect the ATCO's performance, reduce situation awareness (SA), and the usage of automation also depends on user acceptance. Previous studies have shown that automation can be met with resistance from ATCOs, which might lead to disuse. Thus, this paper continues the exploration of ATCOs' expectations of automation to deeper understand ATCOs’ fears and anticipations. Through a questionnaire, operational ATCOs answered questions regarding their current experiences and future expectations regarding automation extend, safety, SA, and workload. The quantitative analysis shows that automation and workload are expected to increase in the future compared with today and that safety and SA are expected to decrease. Even though the participants highlighted that they do not want to become the backup system to the automation, it is in that direction the development is heading. These are worrying results and something the air traffic management community should see as a wake-up call. A well-calibrated attitude towards automation seems crucial to ensure the best human-automation interplay.
On the road to Autonomous Maritime Transport: A conceptual framework to meet training needs for future ship operations
Authors: Reza Emad Gholam , Narayanan Saratkumar , Kataria Aditi
Published: June 2022

Accelerating towards an autonomous future, the maritime transport industry is going through a phase of rapid digitalization and automation. Novel technologies and complex tools, that substitute human functions, are increasingly introduced on board modern ships. However, experiences from other industries show that introducing complex technologies in the workplace without due consideration of the human factors can often lead to disastrous consequences. Traditionally, seafarers developed their competencies through authentic participation in shipboard activities, under the guidance of experienced seniors. However, with digitalization, various tasks are getting internalized, leaving no clues about the inner workings to an onlooker, and this in turn, is adversely affecting their learning opportunities. Studies also show that in a technology-rich workplace, the limited number of human operators overseeing multiple, complex tasks, can cause job intensification, operator’s cognitive overload, error in judgment, and costly accidents. The recent investigation reports of many maritime accidents point to the improper use of technology as among the major causal factors. This underscores the need for re-addressing cognitive human factor and competency development of seafarers, relevant to the use of modern technology and human-machine interactions. In this book chapter, we propose the use of theoretical framework of Quasi-Community (QC) to better understand the context and prepare the seafarers to interact, learn, adapt, and develop new competencies for their technology-rich workplace. With its fluid, dynamic, decentralized hierarchy, and shared expertise as a common resource, we argue that the concept of QC will make an ideal framework that can facilitate the creation of a supportive learning environment for transitioning and future seafarers.
Challenges of simulation training for future engineering seafarers - A qualitative case study
Authors: Reza Emad Gholam , Kataria Aditi
Published: June 2022

Maritime transportation is currently in a transitional period to an impending autonomous future. To that end, novel technologies are increasingly being introduced on-board ships and their engine rooms. At the same time, advancements in digitalization and automation are progressively replacing and reducing the number of marine engineers on-board. Consequently, with increasing automation in machinery spaces and unmanned engine rooms, the role of the marine engineers has been altered to that of monitoring and oversight. The substantial changes in the nature of tools and job description of the marine engineers necessitate the re-assessment and revision of their training and pedagogy. Currently, the simulator is a powerful tool in the training and development of marine operators. Although the literature review reveals some interest in marine engineering simulation training, however, there is a lack of attention to remote and cloud-based simulation training as part of blended learning. This study reveals that imparting marine engineering simulation training online is not free from challenges. This study reports the findings from a qualitative study of marine engineering simulation training, conducted as part of a larger ethnographic study on developing maritime competence. The study utilizes the socio-historical, context-dependent framework of the Activity System (AS) to analyze marine engineering simulation training. The study reveals issues with cloud-based marine engineering simulation training. Firstly, cloud-based training is not seamless to access. Secondly, not all features present in the desktop simulation are present in the cloud version. Thirdly the cloud-based platform affords limited feedback in comparison to the desktop version. Fourthly, cloud-based simulation training does not support peer learning. An understanding of the challenges of cloud-based marine engineering simulation training will help address these concerns. Furthermore, it will facilitate the competence development of marine engineers as they work in increasingly automated workspaces in the transition to autonomous ship operations.
Transferring tacit knowledge during maritime pilot training: assessment of methods in use
Authors: Eklund Rikard , Osvalder Anna-Lisa
Published: June 2022

Accurate knowledge management is vital for an organization to perform well. Managing explicit knowledge is relatively easy but managing tacit (implicit) knowledge is not. Effective transfer of tacit knowledge from experts to novices in an organization is therefore essential. Maritime pilotage is a safety-critical operation in which pilots use their expertise to guide vessels in specific waters. The purpose of this study is to improve the Pilot Training Programme (PTP) run by the Swedish Maritime Administration (SMA). The aim of this study is to evaluate and describe the prevailing methods of transferring tacit knowledge during the PTP. This study includes 20 maritime pilots and covers a complete PTP. A qualitative mixed-methods approach was used, based on activity theory and including observations, interviews, questionnaires, and document analyses. The results showed that tacit knowledge transfer during the PTP occurs during situated learning, such as apprenticeships, hands-on learning and communities of work. However, the transfer methods are not sufficiently documented from a didactic perspective.
An Integrated Approach for More Efficiency in Maritime Investigations
Authors: Behrendt Marcus , Johannmeyer Daniela , Wortelen Bertram , Saager Marcel , Klimmek Jacqueline , Steinmetz Alexander
Published: June 2022

Incidents such as pollution or smuggling occur regularly at sea. These incidents needto be investigated by the responsible authorities in order to minimise consequentialdamage and prosecute those responsible. However, the current procedures used byinvestigators are very ineffective. That is why we have developed a software toolcalled Smart Profiling Engine (SPE). This tool supports investigators in their workand should lead to greater efficiency. In this paper, we present both the tool and astudy design that we will use to evaluate its efficiency compared to the traditionalinvestigation method.
Mental Workload Assessment in Virtual Reality Environment Based Ship Navigating Operations
Authors: Zhang Yu , Li Chongbin , Ding Quan , Chen Jie
Published: June 2022

With the development of virtual reality technology and human-computer interaction technology, workload assessment in a virtual reality environment become a reality. Using virtual reality technology to design digital models to simulate products and verify related solutions can reduce costs, shorten the development cycle, and improve the quality of product design. The goal of this paper is to verify the effectiveness of workload assessment in a virtual reality environment. In this study, the ship console system is an example to conduct a comparative experiment in the virtual prototype and physical prototype. Workload assessment indicators include task performance (task completion rate, task completion time), eye tracking measures (gaze entropy, pupil change rate and fixation rate of AOI, etc.), and subjective scales (NASA_TLX). According to a ship console’s size, display interface, and environment, a digital model and the experimental environment were built in Unity engine. The data were collected to verify the consistency of the experimental results of the VR prototype and the physical prototype. There was no significant difference in task completion rate, NASA_TLX scores, fixation rate of AOI, pupil change rate, gaze entropy, and blink rate between the two prototype systems. The results show that the VR prototype can be used to replace the physical prototype for workload assessment to some extent.
KONECT: Implementation and Extension of a Method for the Development of Safety-Critical Human-Machine Interaction Interfaces
Authors: Saager Marcel , Patrick Osterloh Jan , Brück Yvonne
Published: June 2022

In safety-critical systems, monitoring can be risky, because overlooking or misinterpreting important information can lead to serious consequences. For this purpose, the KONECT method was developed. The method is capable of systematically deriving information visualizations for monitoring tasks in safety-critical systems. We have studied this method and describe planned extensions and implementations of the steps of the KONECT method. In this way, the method offers more possibilities and can be applied more easily by the user.
Implementing Alexa virtual assistant in learning a new language: Students’ perception analysis
Authors: Cóndor-Herrera Omar , Cruz-Cárdenas Jorge , Ramos-Galarza Carlos
Published: June 2022

This article reports the results found in an investigation that analyzed students' perception of the learning process based on the "Alexa" virtual assistant as an educational resource. Alexa was used during 6 sessions; at the end of the session, each participant answered a survey. The results showed evidence that most students answered in favor of the use of Alexa to improve their motivation and willingness to perform learning activities.
Football Matches Outcomes Prediction based on Gradient Boosting Algorithms and Football Rating System
Authors: Nazim Razali Muhammad , Mustapha Aida , A Mostafa Alabdullah Salama , Shamini Gunasekaran Saraswathy
Published: June 2022

Prediction in association football is genuinely a hot topic to discuss as it is among the popular sports that have attracted and gained global interest. The prediction may focus on matches outcomes (win, draw and lose) or the number of goals scored obtained by the home and away teams. This paper proposes football matches outcomes prediction models based on a rating system and gradient boosting algorithms. The testing of the models covers implementing pi-rating and Elo rating as data features generated from limited raw datasets to evaluate match outcomes prediction algorithms such as Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), XGBoost (XGB), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM), and CatBoost (CB). The used football dataset has 216,743 instances for learning and 206 instances for testing. The dataset consists of 18 football league seasons between 2001/2002 to 2017/2018 across 35 countries. Subsequently, the prediction results of win, draw, or loss in terms of probability are obtained from the proposed models. The results are compared between several models with different rating systems and different boosting algorithms, as well as past literature that uses a similar dataset. The accuracy and Rank Probability Score (RPS) are set as benchmark criteria. As a result, the pi-rating with CB achieves the lowest RPS, 0.1925, and the highest accuracy of 55.82%.
Digital Environments to Enable High-Quality Education for Disadvantaged and Disabled Learners in Bulgaria
Authors: Lendzhova Vladislava , Manov Boris , Milenkova Valentina , Keranova Dilyana
Published: June 2022

Digital transformation is one of the European Commission's policy priorities in the last few years. High quality and inclusive education and training are a key part of reaching this object and ensuring that all people are prepared to live and be educated in the digital age. These priorities coincide with the crucial need to provide inclusive digital learning environments to all learners including those with special educational needs – disadvantaged and disabled learners. The paper presents a primary analysis of the results of a sociological qualitative survey conducted in the framework of the project “Inclusive digital environments to enable high-quality education and training for disadvantaged learners”. Methodology: The main method used was an in-depth interview. Thirty in-depth interviews were conducted among School Leaders and Teaching Staff in High Schools and Universities, Primary and Secondary Education Organizations in Bulgaria. The data was collected from October 2021 to January 2022. This study was provoked by inequalities in inclusive education and therefore by variations in the way of remote learning that has been delivered across EU Member States and Bulgaria, in particular. The aim of the study was provoked not only by the exceptional significance and reflection of digital education on basic human needs. It seeks to provide insights into the national special education traditions in the country and aims to establish how these have influenced current developments in inclusive education together with digital environments for disadvantaged and disabled learners. The main conclusion approached by the study is that there is a major need to raise awareness about unequal access to inclusive education for students with disabilities in Bulgarian society, as well as a need of providing а detailed information on how to implement more inclusive educational practices and at sharing promising examples of inclusive methods in education for learners with special educational needs. Keywords: Digital Education, Digital Environments, Special education needs, Disadvantaged and Disabled Learners Acknowledgments: The article has been developed in the framework of the European Funded Project ERASMUS+ EACEA/34/2019 - Social Inclusion and Common Values - Action: the contribution in the field of education and training, entitled: ‘INCLUDEME - Inclusive digital environments to enable high-quality education and training for disadvantaged learners’. The project is co-funded by the European Commission through the Erasmus+ programme.
Determinants for Building information modeling adoption in Facilities Management in South Africa: An application of the UTAUT model
Authors: Dowelani Faith , Ozumba Obinna
Published: June 2022

Based on the diversity of the informational needs of an organisation, various information technology systems are introduced and used to support a wide range of Facilities Management (FM) information. The adoption of BIM in FM offers an opportunity for facilities managers to add value to the facilities planning, maintenance, occupation and operations management. Effective adoption of BIM in FM would require better knowledge of relevant and influential factors, which hitherto have not been explored adequately in emerging economy contexts such as South Africa. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and evaluate the determinants for adopting BIM for FM practice, using South Africa as context and the UTAUT model as a theoretical framework for examining determinants of BIM adoption in FM. Relevant literature review was complemented, and a survey strategy was used for data collection through the development of a questionnaire instrument. The results demonstrate a strong relationship between Performance Expectancy and Behavioural Intention, indicating the influence of organisations and senior management on BIM adoption in FM and that Attitude has a significant effect on Use Behaviour. The findings align with the UTAUT model and add to the body of practical reference BIM adoption in FM.
Development of a data collection system in the cloud as a storage method
Authors: Viscaino - Quito Andres , Serpa-Andrade Luis
Published: June 2022

Data being a quantitative or qualitative representation by which a symbolic or numerical value is indicated or represented, are used in various fields for which data collection processes are performed, based on the proposed objectives. Therefore, a data collection process was developed through a mobile application and web services, which will serve to evaluate and analyze with the help of an expert in the area, the graphomotor skills of children aged 6 to 8 years with motor disabilities. The results obtained at this stage will generate a large amount of information that will be used in the future for the definition of play activities that will complement the skills or deficiencies derived once the evaluation stage is completed, it will also be possible to implement or improve a completer and more robust database that will serve not only for graphomotor but also for different areas that work with these children.
A software to measure quantitative electroencephalogram during the performance of a psychological cognitive task using the OpenBCI hardware
Authors: Prado Verónica , Romero Mateo , Pozo-Neira Johanna , Alvarado Omar
Published: June 2022

Quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) is used to understand brain functions by processing the activity recorded through the electrodes using different algorithm techniques. The qEEG is commonly known as Brain Mapping. In this paper, we report the development of a software to synchronize the acquisition of EEG signal from the Cyton board with a cognitive task. The digitalized test was done via Psychopy, so the use of LabStreamlayer (LSL) was needed to link with both OpenBCI and LAbRecorder in order to have each stimulus synchronized with the EEG signal. Data was collected from five participants between 20-30 years old while performing the cognitive task. Our results indicate a correct linking of the data recording and the stimuli task, which enables researchers to measure different parameters such as spectral power density, power ban and brain mapping
Limiting the risk to the environment by measuring the characteristics of antennas in the near zone
Authors: Wnuk Marian
Published: June 2022

Measurements in the near zone and the subsequent use of the analytical method and transforming the obtained results to determine the radiation characteristics, which can conveniently replace the conventional far-field range tests. It comes down to the use of closed rooms, such as anechoic chambers, which provide appropriate conditions to carry out measurements and inspections and favourable weather conditions. This is a very cost-effective and time-effective method. The determined characteristics are almost identical in terms of accuracy like those set in the far field. The downside is that some measurements require complex software and their duration is much longer than the real one.The measurement with the probe covers the phase and amplitude of the signal after a predefined scanning area, which is different for each antenna and therefore also the methods, since the method is selected according to the antenna under test. The rectangular planar method was used in the work.After constructing a measuring station and taking measurements, they are transformed by using the Fourier transformation. In the study of a parabolic antenna, these were not complicated operations because planar methods are characterized by simplicity of calculations, in contrast to more difficult cylindrical methods and much more complicated spherical methods.The measurement consists in collecting data on amplitude and phase through a second antenna, which acts as a measuring probe, at specified distance intervals in the azimuthal and elevation directions. Therefore, the used fin antenna is moving on the antenna mast in two planes. The obtained results must be entered into a computer program in order to plot the characteristics.All the considerations, along with the concept of the measurement stand, were based on theoretical foundations, based on knowledge of the types of antennas and their parameters, knowledge of the near zone and its properties, and the behaviour of the signal during measurements.
Designing a Multi-disciplinary Class to Create a Social Robot for Alzheimer's
Authors: Mitchell Kimberly , Zhao Xiaopeng , Hooten John , Bray Robert , Macdougall Luke
Published: June 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and is associated with memory loss and cognitive impairments that affect daily life. Approximately 5.8 million older adults in the U.S. are living with AD (Alzheimer’s Association, 2020). People with AD often require high levels of care and assistance to maintain daily activities. The majority of care provided to a person living with AD or other forms of dementia is from a family caregiver, representing 18.6 billion hours of unpaid care valued at $244 billion (Alzheimer’s Association, 2020). The long duration, time-intensive nature of caregiving imposes high burdens on caregivers. To ease the burden on caregivers and to help assist those living with AD and other forms of dementia, several social robots have been developed. The existing robots on the market have high price points, and because of this are not accessible to a majority of the population. To address this issue, in the fall 2021 semester, undergraduate and graduate students in mechanical, aerospace, and biomedical engineering, computer science, graphic design, and architecture studied and created a low-cost social robot option. This study poses two research questions: 1. How can students understand the functional problems and needs associated with AD? 2. How can different disciplines work together to create a social robot? Students read literature reviews, conducted stakeholder meetings, designed two low-cost prototypes and performed preliminary user testing. The paper will outline guidelines for the build, interaction, and capabilities of a multi-disciplinary class in evaluating and creating new and existing social robots for dementia and Alzheimer’s care. Keywords: Social Robots, Alzheimer’s, Caregivers
Potentials of a Metaverse for Smart Service Engineering
Authors: Neuhüttler Jens , Christel Philipp , Le Truong , Wenzel Günter , Ardilio Antonio
Published: June 2022

With the rapid emergence of metaverse activities, the question arises as to what influence the new virtual world will have on real world challenges of companies. In our paper we investigate the potential of the metaverse for a systematic development of smart services. For this purpose, we first present a model that links central technologies, elements, and interactions of the metaverse. Furthermore, the impact of the metaverse is examined along a reference model of smart service engineering. In particular, the potential for integrating customers in the development activity of testing is examined in more detail.
Co-creation In The Metaverse Towards Better Mental Health
Authors: Ian Robles Joshua
Published: June 2022

Struggles with mental health are at an all-time high, and there is a lack the community resources to respond to the needs of individuals dealing with anxiety, burnout, and social isolation. With the rise of the Metaverse, there is potential in using virtual worlds, avatars, and games to address the lack of available community resources for mental health. Game worlds such as Final Fantasy XIV already have thriving communities of players. A sub-category of “role-players” is a niche subculture within the gaming community that repurposed in-game lore and elements to create unique experiences at virtual venues. A handful of these venues purpose themselves to relieve stress and foster community building. By conducting virtual ethnography in Final Fantasy XIV I will learn about community building in the role-playing community and build and test a virtual venue to reveal the effectiveness of virtual worlds to help mitigate the impact on anxiety, burnout, and social isolation.
Augmented decision making model for responsible actors in healthcare
Authors: Polese Francesco , Carrubbo Luca , Megaro Antonietta
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this paper is to understand if the use of artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools may enable augmented decision-making for responsible actors (Spohrer, 2021) in healthcare. The biggest challenge for AI in healthcare is its own full applicability in daily clinical practices, due to fragmented data and their poor quality, further complicated by the patients’ reluctance to share them (Shinners et al., 2020) for privacy issues. The motivation of this work is to search for models and methodologies capable of overcoming these criticalities. In this sense, transparent AI deserves to be much more explored because it would enable augmented decisions (not just automatic decisions) as they result from an effective HMI (Zhu et al., 2018). Then, this can also contribute to strengthening the patient’s perception of the reliability and safety of the tool (de Fine Licht, 2020), by improving their trust in the healthcare operations (Das, 2020). A literature review has been carried out to propose a framework (Share-to-Care) to encourage a great acceptance by actors of new technologies in healthcare thanks to reasoned transparency. Methodologically, the ‘theory synthesis’ (Jaakkola, 2020) helps us in intending how to give back drivers and suggestions to researchers and practitioners in designing and using AI in healthcare. Findings concern transparent AI as leverage able to foster the spread of collaborative behaviors useful for augmented decision-making not only powered by technologies but mainly by humans.
Algorithms and Human Creativity: Threats or Opportunities?A Literature Review
Authors: Barile Sergio , Bassano Clara , Piciocchi Paolo , Vito Pietro , Clinton Spohrer James
Published: June 2022

We explore the move from a mechanical vision of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to a systemic vision of Intelligence Augmentation (IA) (Barile et al., 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021; Navarrini, 2020; Chiriatti, 2019). AI assumes the role of empowered intelligence (IA) as it is capable of expressing a capacity for modeling integration of experiences, knowledge and emotions in conditions of strong uncertainty (Barile et al., 2021; Hagel, 2021). But in a world where the nature of machine learning is changing so rapidly, does technology empower or annihilate creativity? The aim of the paper is to draw attention to the impact that disruptive technology has on human creative processes. How might progress in AI affect Human Creativity (HC)? We propose a literature review to better understand both trends and gaps.Keywords: AI, Human Creativity, Viable Systems Approach (VSA).
Development of new sustainable services
Authors: Meiren Thomas , Schiller Christian
Published: June 2022

Sustainability is one of the most frequently discussed topics of our time. Although the idea of a sustainable economy was already addressed in the context of forestry in the 15th century and may therefore appear to be have a long tradition, the need for action - for example due to political or public demands - is stronger today than ever in many sectors of the economy. Although a growing number of companies are endeavoring to make their products and services more environmentally compatible, concepts for sustainability have hardly been implemented comprehensively in business practice to date.However, the guiding principle of sustainable design is already known in the product world and appears to be established to a certain extent, but it opens up more or less "new territory" in the sense of systematic research and development for new services. On the one hand, interesting economic and ecological opportunities for companies can be found in this area; on the other hand, there are also uncertainties associated with it, mainly due to the lack of knowledge about sustainable services.In particular, ecological sustainability has so far been discussed strongly against the background of energy production (shutdown of coal-fired power plants, use of renewable energies, etc.), energy-intensive industries (chemicals, steel production, etc.) and energy-consuming private areas of life (heating, mobility, etc.). However, the importance for the service economy is often underestimated. Particularly with regard to the design of processes (e.g. "online instead of on-site"), the consumption of resources (e.g. use of sustainable mobility solutions) and the development of new ecologically sustainable service offerings, considerable opportunities lies hidden here.Companies that want to put their ideas for ecologically sustainable services into practice often face two fundamental challenges. First, their corporate structures and processes are not designed for the efficient development and market positioning of new services. In many cases, the difficulties start with the fact that the development processes are not clearly defined, i.e. there is a lack of clear descriptions of the tasks, the methods to be used and the personnel requirements needed. Secondly, competencies with regard to the ecological sustainability of services are missing. In particular, there is a lack of knowledge on how to systematically develop sustainability into services.In the conference presentation, a reference model for the development of new ecologically sustainable services will be presented. In addition to a configurable development process, the model includes integrated methods and tools for various sustainability aspects. The reference model is complemented by recommendations for its organizational and personnel implementation.