bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Solitaire and Trevo Stents for Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Baek Jin Wook , Heo Young Jin , Kim Sung Tae , Seo Jung Hwa , Jeong Hae Woong , Kim Eung-Gyu
Published: April 2021

Aims:

Limited studies have compared the effectiveness of Solitaire and Trevo stentrievers for endovascular thrombectomy to achieve recanalization and improve functional outcomes of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Therefore, we compared the safety and efficacy of the two stents during endovascular thrombectomy for patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Materials and Methods:

This study included 130 patients who underwent endovascular thrombectomy using either the Trevo (n = 51) or the Solitaire (n = 79) stent for anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke. Recanalization was classified using thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) grading. Efficacy and safety of the devices during endovascular thrombectomy were analyzed by evaluating the rate of good recanalization after the first pass, clot retrieval rate, final recanalization grade, use of rescue treatment, recanalization time, and hemorrhagic and thromboembolic complications.

Results:

Overall, good recanalization (TICI grades 2b and 3) was achieved (Solitaire: n = 57, 72.2%; Trevo: n = 46, 90.2%) (P = 0.01). The rate of good recanalization after the first pass and clot retrieval rate were similar between groups; however, the use of rescue treatment was more frequent in the Solitaire group. Recanalization time was shorter in the Trevo group. The good clinical outcome rate was higher in the Trevo group but not statistically significantly. The rates of symptomatic hemorrhage and thromboembolism were not significantly different between groups.

Conclusion:

The Trevo stent achieved more successful recanalization with less need for rescue treatment and less time for recanalization than the Solitaire stent. There was no statistically significant difference in the clinical outcomes.
Neurological Melioidosis Presenting as Rhombencephalitis, Optic Neuritis, and Scalp Abscess with Meningitis
Authors: Chatterjee Aparajita , Saravu Kavitha , Mukhopadhyay Chiranjay , Chandran Vijay
Published: April 2021

Melioidosis is an under recognized infectious disease which may rarely present with neurological involvement. Neurological melioidosis has protean manifestations, and in this case series we present 3 patients diagnosed from a single center in southern India. The clinical presentation of the patients we describe includes rhomb-encephalitis, scalp infection with subdural and meningeal involvement, and optic neuritis associated with pulmonary melioidosis. We discuss the possible mechanism of involvement of the nervous system, and the recommended treatment. Diagnosis of melioidosis requires a high index of suspicion and should be considered in endemic areas. Through this series we hope to improve the awareness of this infection and its neurological presentation.
eNeuroIntensive Care in India
Authors: Haranath Sai P , Ganapathy Krishnan , Kesavarapu Subba R , Kuragayala Swarna D
Published: April 2021

Background:

As ICU consultants in smaller hospitals may not be familiar with neurocritical care and with current travel restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, one needs to relook at how neurocritical care can be provided.

Objective:

This article reviews the authors' experience of providing remote neurointensive care, from a non-specialist ICU over a 16-month period.

Material and Methods:

61 neuro consultations were provided for 56 patients admitted in remote ICU's, including five repeat consultations. Most teleconsultations were from three rural hospitals. The central command center has monitored remote patients with neurological conditions, in 23 ICUs.

Results and Conclusions:

Providing real-time virtual neuro intensive advice to ICU's in smaller cities even without dedicated neuro-intensive units is feasible in India. eNeuroIntensive care is particularly necessary in the current “New Normal” era.
An evaluation of horizontal equity in surgical care for gallstone disease in a Caribbean country
Authors: Mahabir Avidesh Haresh , Ramkissoon Solange CK , Thomas Dexter A. , Cawich Shamir O. , Naraynsingh Vijay , Dapri Giovanni
Published: April 2021

Background:

The aim of this study was to identify social injustice by evaluating horizontal equity (allocation of similar resources to patients with the same clinical needs) in surgical care for gallstone disease in a Caribbean Country.

Methods:

We compared access to laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for gallstone disease between a fee-for-service (private) and a government-funded (public) health-care system between 1st January and 31st August, 2018. We defined a prolonged waiting time as an interval of >90 days between the index diagnosis and LC. The data were examined using SPSS v23.

Results:

Ninety-nine patients underwent LC in public (60) or private (39) hospitals. There was a significantly longer mean waiting time in public hospitals (336.4 ± 647.9 days vs. 20.2 ± 25.5 days; P 0.002) and significantly more hospital readmissions while awaiting LC (72% vs. 0%). In the public hospital system, fewer patients had ambulatory operations (8.4% vs. 51.3%; P < 0.00001) and the mean duration of operation was longer (2.4 ± 0.88 vs. 0.92 ± 0.34 h; P < 0.0001). There were no differences in morbidity or mortality between the health-care systems. Thirty-eight patients had prolonged waiting times due to: long pre-existent waiting lists (13), consumables out of stock (10), equipment malfunction (6), patient request (3), pre-operative Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (2), unspecified (2) and anaesthetic optimisation (1). One patient in the private hospital had a delay >90 days while awaiting insurance pre-authorisation.

Conclusion:

Horizontal inequity exists between the health-care systems. There is room for improvement through increased accountability for administrators, better resource allocation, proper equipment maintenance schedules and efforts to reduce waiting lists.
The Impact of Kobasa and Maddi Hardiness Model on Stress and Hardiness of Iranian Pediatric Nurses
Authors: Sadeghpour Masoumeh , Fereydooni-Moghadam Malek , Namnabati Mahboobeh
Published: April 2021

Background:

Pediatric nurses, who take care of ill children and interact with their exhausted and anxious parents, face more challenges for which some strategies must be considered to reduce tensions and improve mental health. This study was conducted to examine the effect of Kobasa and Maddi hardiness model on hardiness and perceived stress among nurses in pediatric units of a hospital in Isfahan – Iran in 2018.

Materials and Methods:

Participants were 57 nurses selected from the staff of pediatric units. They were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Data collection was done by means of Kobasa Hardiness Inventory and perceived stress scale. The intervention group attended educational and exercise sessions for 3 months. Data were analyzed through descriptive (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and analytical (Chi-square, Fisher exact test, Mann–Whitney, and t-tests) statistics.

Results:

Results of study revealed that before the intervention, the mean scores of hardiness and perceived stress of nurses were not significant. However, significant differences were observed after the intervention for hardiness and perceived stress (t2,98
p < 0.004, t2,4
p < 0.02), respectively. The mean (SD) hardiness score in the intervention group increased from 65.06 (9.11) to 71.27 (7.44), whereas mean perceived stress score decreased from 26.54 (7.59) to 22.55 (8.39) after the intervention.

Conclusions:

The implementation of Hardiness Kobasa and Maddi Model increased hardiness and decreased perceived stress of the nurses. Thus, nursing managers may implement the Kobasa and Maddi hardiness model before initiating their job and during continuing education.
The Process of Managing the Children with Type 1 Diabetes in the Family
Authors: Sanjari Mahnaz , Peyrovi Hamid , Mehrdad Neda
Published: April 2021

Background:

Diabetes is a disease that affects all family members. Parents of children with type 1 diabetes are always concerned about all aspects of children's life. The aim of this study was to elucidate the process of managing children with diabetes in the family.

Materials and Methods:

This is a qualitative grounded theory of a doctoral dissertation, which was done on 2016. The 18 participants were selected through purposive and theoretical sampling until data saturation. The main participants in this study included parents, siblings, and children with type 1 diabetes. The data was gathered by semi-structured interviews as well as field notes and memos. Data analysis was done concurrently with data collection in four levels, including data analysis for concept and contex, bringing the process into the analysis, and integration of categories according to Corbin and Struss (2008). Core category appeared at the end of integrated categories.

Results:

“The family with diabetes in the child's diabetes orbit” as a core category contains the process of managing children with diabetes within the family, which included three main subcategories, including “entering into the diabetes orbit”, “movement into the diabetes orbit”, and “living into the diabetes orbit”.

Conclusions:

The family through the concept of “The family with diabetes in the child's diabetes orbit “as a main concern of families with diabetes suffering diabetes attempt to select and practicing appropriate strategies and manage diabetes and children with diabetes.
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Free Thyroxine Alterations in Subjects with Occupational Hearing Loss
Authors: Ranjbar Nastaran , Arefi Hossein Namvar , Maarefvand Mohammad , Pourbakht Akram , Shahbazi Ali
Published: April 2021

Context and Aim:

Occupational hearing loss (OHL) is caused by exposure to industrial noise. Alterations in the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels are related to hearing loss. The purpose of this study is to investigate the TSH and FT4 level alterations in OHL.

Methods and Material:

Among 428 subjects, 144 male workers with normal hearing (NH), noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), and high tone loss (HTL) (N = 48 in each group) were included in this study. All the subjects had normal TSH and FT4 levels.

Results:

The TSH level is higher in the HTL and NIHL groups in comparison to NH, but it is only significant in the HTL group. The FT4 level is significantly lower in the NIHL group; however, the lower FT4 level in the HTL group is not significant when compared to the NH group.

Discussion:

The NIHL group may turn into the HTL group over time. This process could be monitored by alteration in their TSH and FT4 levels.

Conclusions:

Alterations in the TSH and FT4 levels could be considered as a pathophysiology for OHL. More research is required to investigate the electrophysiological, physiological, and histological correlations of TSH and FT4 and different types of hearing loss caused by noise exposure.
A Diagnostic Assistant Tool for Work-Related Low Back Pain in Hospital Workers
Authors: Saengdao Oopara , Surasak Buranatrevedh , Jayanton Patumanond
Published: April 2021

Aims:

The study objective was to develop a clinical risk score to assist occupational medicine physicians in diagnosing hospital workers’ occupational lower back pain (LBP).

Settings and Design:

A cross-sectional data collection design was conducted at Saraburi Hospital, Thailand.

Methods and Materials:

The sample consisted of 220 hospital workers who cared for patients and had LBP. They were assessed for the frequency of targeted activities (CPR, lifting, transferring patients) and other activities from work as well as ergonomic assessments, and diagnosed with LBP by three occupational medicine physicians.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Predicted factors of multivariable logistic regression were analysed to find clinical risk scores to help the diagnosis.

Results:

The physicians agreed on the diagnosis, based on ergonomic risk factors and their experiences that 86 persons have occupational LBP. A diagnostic assistant tool consists of six predictors: the duration of LBP, having LBP within the last 7 days, bending, twisting, lateral bending, and reaching. The scores predicted occupational LBP correctly with an AuROC of 90.0% (95% CI; 84.8–93.5%). The positive likelihood ratio for occupational LBP was 0 in the low risk category (<6 points) and 16.8 (95% CI; 8.0–35.6) in the high risk (>8 points).

Conclusions:

A diagnostic assistant tool is used to assist occupational medicine physicians in diagnosing hospital workers' occupational LBP.
A Comparative Retrospective Study of the Efficacy of Caudal Epidural with Manipulation Versus Ganglion Impar Block with Manipulation in Patients with Coccydynia
Authors: Govardhani Y , RamMohan G , Abhijith S , Savithri B
Published: April 2021

Objective:

The objective of the study was to compare the effectiveness of caudal epidural with manipulation and ganglion impar block with manipulation in treating patients with coccydynia.

Materials and Methods:

In this retrospective study, patients (n = 60) were divided into two groups of 30 each. Group C (n = 30) received caudal epidural with transrectal manipulation, whereas Group G (30) received ganglion impar block with transrectal manipulation. Preprocedural and procedural Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores for 10 days, 1, 3, and 6 months were recorded. Preprocedural painless sitting period and postprocedure painless sitting period in two groups were recorded.

Results:

Preprocedural VAS score was not statistically significant between the two groups (7.76 ± 0.63 vs. 7.6 ± 0.72; P = 0.16). There was no statistically significant difference in the VAS score after 10 days of the procedure in both the groups. Significant decrease in VAS score was observed in Group G than in Group C after 1, 3, and 6 months of the follow-up. The painless sitting period was increased in Group G than in Group C after 6 months of follow-up (79.33 ± 48.4 min vs. 144.16 ± 37.87 min; P < 0.0001). Recurrence was observed in six patients in Group C. No significant complications were observed in both the groups.

Conclusion:

Ganglion impar block with manipulation is more effective in improving pain sensation and painless sitting period in patients with coccydynia.
Balloon Kyphoplasty - Boon for Vertebral Compression Fractures in Metastatic Cancer Patients
Authors: Munshi Shiraz A. , Ahuja Bhuvna , Gargia Agam , Shah Parth
Published: April 2021

Vertebral compression fractures are common in the elderly population. Common aetiology includes, osteoporosis, metastatic disease, and trauma. Vertebral bone metastasis is not common in cases of pancreatic cancer. Here, we report how we managed a 78 year old, male patient, case of known pancreatic cancer having severe back pain (Numerical Pain score (NRS): 9), due to vertebral compression fracture over first lumbar vertebrae (L1). Percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty was performed with an injection of 5 ml bone cement at L1 level under local anaesthesia with sedation. The NRS had come down to 3 and the patient could walk. Our patient get benefited with early interventional pain management of metastatic vertebral compression fractures. Preventing the complications such as immobilization accompanied with adverse events such as musculoskeletal, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems. Providing with significant reduction of pain and leading a better quality of life.
Interventional Management for Cancer Pain
Authors: Jain Parmanand N.
Published: April 2021

The WHO analgesic ladder (1986) has recommended certain oral analgesics vis-a-vis intensity of cancer pain for optimum relief as a practical doctrine, easy to implement, and taught extensively to healthcare professionals globally. However, the WHO approach despite been implemented appropriately and aggressively in the last three decades, 10%–20% of patients may not achieve acceptable pain relief. There is a refractory group of patients which is considered for interventional pain management; however, reserving this modality as a last resort is questioned by interventional protagonists. It is anticipated that the general understanding of interventional approach on cancer pain relief may not only expedite pain relief but should also consider all potential therapeutic options. Interventional physicians, mainly anesthesiologists, have a well-defined and beneficial role in the treatment of cancer pain, if patients are appropriately selected with various cancer pain syndromes. Pain physicians should successfully optimize outcomes depends on timely referral with adequate assessment and patient selection. Pain physicians have a complex role. Managing expectations of referring physicians, of patients, and family members, assuring adequacy of interventional care is not an easy task. An experienced, skilled interventionist who is well versed in not only techniques of procedure but side effects management, if any, will assume full responsibility for pre- and postintervention evaluation and follow-up care as indicated by the circumstances of each patient to be managed.
Molecular docking studies of α-mangostin, γ-mangostin, and xanthone on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma diphenyl peptidase-4 enzyme, and aldose reductase enzyme as an antidiabetic drug candidate
Authors: Mahmudah Rifa’atul , Adnyana I Ketut , Sukandar Elin Yulinah
Published: April 2021

α-mangostin, γ-mangostin, and xanthone are some of the marker compounds found in mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) whose activity on several treatment targets including toward the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) receptors, diphenyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) enzyme, and aldose reductase enzyme is unknown. Although this plant has been predicted to be used as an alternative antidiabetic treatment, it has been proven through several previous studies. This research study used three natural ligands (α-mangostin, γ-mangostin, and xanthone) whose training set was designed using Molecular Operating Environment and then compared them with several drugs on the market that are used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The docking molecular results showed that the α-mangostin and γ-mangostin compounds had activity toward PPAR-γ receptor, DPP-4 enzyme, and aldose reductase enzyme by showing almost similar affinity values when compared to the comparison ligands. Meanwhile, xanthone showed unfavorable results. This approach shows that α-mangostin and γ-mangostin are predicted to play a role as antidiabetic mellitus in mangosteen when viewed from these mechanisms.
Comparison of simple and rapid extracting methods of free-tags Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein 64 Recombinant Protein from polyacrylamide gel
Authors: Kusuma Sri Agung Fitri , Parwati Ida , Subroto Toto , Rukayadi Yaya , Fadhlillah Muhammad , Rizaludin Asep
Published: April 2021

In this study, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein 64 (MPT64) protein was constructed without any tags to facilitate the purification using column affinity chromatography, but the MPT64 must be obtained as a pure protein. This study was purpose to ensure the efficient extracting method to purify protein MPT64 directly from the polyacrylamide gel. The crude extract of extracellular protein containing MPT64 protein was separated into single protein band and the targeted protein which is located in the size of 24 kDa was excised. Each of the six bands was collected in a sterile microtube to be eluted using electroelution and the optimized of the passive-elution method. Both the elution methods demonstrated the purity level of the MPT64 protein by detecting a solely band on the gel at the 24 kDa. Among the variety of passive-elution time, the highest MPT64 protein concentration was 0.549 mg/ml after elution for 72 h. However, the electroelution result provided higher MPT64 protein concentration, i.e., 0.683 mg/mL. However, based on the recognition of the purified MPT64 protein on commercial detection kit of MPT64 protein, it showed that the positive result was only showed by the passive-elution extracting protein. Therefore, for purifying the protein MPT64 from the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels, the efficient method was passive elution.
Willingness to pay for improved solid waste management services in an urbanizing area in South-East Nigeria
Authors: Oyawole F.P. , Ajayi O.P. , Aminu R.O. , Akerele D
Published: April 2021

Developing countries often fail to pay adequate attention to solid waste management in the bid to accelerate the rate of their development, and this oversight typically culminates into an adverse impact on the environment and on public health and safety. This paper sought to analyse the factors influencing residents’ willingness to pay for improved solid waste management services due to private sector involvement in Ihiala, Southeastern Nigeria. Data were collected with structured questionnaires administered to ninety respondents, and was analysed using descriptive statistics and ordered logit regression. The results showed that majority (92.2%) of the residents were aware of the inherent risks that could stem out of improper solid waste management, although a lesser proportion of them (64.4%) were willing to pay for an improvement. WTP was influenced by marital status, household size and income. It was recommended that government pursue policies that will significantly improve the income of residents and encourage public-private partnership in waste management.Keywords: Solid waste management, Willingness to Pay, Ordered logit, pollution
The Association of Central Corneal Thickness and Intraocular Pressure Measures by Non-Contact Tonometry and Goldmann Applanation Tonometry among Glaucoma Patients.
Authors: Samuel Kyei  , Frank Assiamah  , Michael Agyemang Kwarteng  , Cynthia Pakyennu Gboglu
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND፡ The aim of this study was to determine whether Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) is associated with intraocular pressure measurement (IOP) with a Non-contact tonometer and the Goldmann applanation tonometer in glaucoma patients.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved two hundred and thirty-two eyes of clinically diagnosed glaucoma patients receiving care at a referral facility. IOP measurements were obtained using both the Non-Contact Tonometer (NCT) and Goldmann Applanation Tonometer (GAT). The association between age, ethnicity, and CCT, as well as CCT on the measures of NCT and GAT, were analyzed.RESULTS: There were 64(55.2%) males and 52 (44.8%) females and their ages ranged from 18 to 85 years (mean age = 47.72; SD ±15.75 years). There was a weak positive correlation between the CCT and NCT findings in the right eye (r = 0.19, n = 116, p < 0.05) and in the left eye (r = 0.25, n = 116, p < 0.05). However, there was no correlation between CCT and GAT measurements. Age had a significant correlation with CCT while gender and ethnicity had no significant correlation.CONCLUSION: The study found a significant association between CCT and NCT. However, there was no significant association between CCT and GAT. CCT had an association with age but independent of gender and ethnicity since there was no significant relationship between these variables.
That Was Then…This is Now: Utilizing the History of Mathematics and Dynamic Geometry Software
Authors: Meadows Michelle , Caniglia Joanne
Published: April 2021

Pre-service mathematics teacher (PST) education often addresses within Geometry Classes how to utilize Dynamic Geometric Software (DGS). Other classes may also incorporate teaching pre-service teachers about the history of mathematics. Although research has documented the use of Dynamic Geometric Software (DGS) in teaching the history of mathematics (HoM) (Zengin, 2018), the focus of this research specifically targets the development of proof for pre-service teachers by utilizing DGS to revisit historical proofs with a modern lens. The findings concur with Fujita et.al. (2010), Zengin (2018), and Conners (2007) work on proof. The novelty of this article was the combination of incorporating the history of mathematics (HoM), dynamic geometry software (DGS), and Toulmin’s model of argumentation. A pedagogical approach appeared to emerge: DGS’s dynamic nature allowed PSTs to see several examples of a method to provide them with an illustration that may be used in proofs.
The Use of Outside Educational Materials in Mathematics and Science: Teachers’ Conceptions
Authors: Skoumios Michael , Skoumpourdi Chrysanthi
Published: April 2021

The research for teachers’ conceptions of the outside educational materials, that they discover and use, is very limited. In addition, there is also particularly limited research comparing teachers’ conceptions of the use of educational materials on the basis of the subject they teach. The present paper aims at investigating and comparing primary school teachers’ conceptions of the use of outside educational materials in mathematics and science teaching. For the purposes of this research, an electronic questionnaire was developed and completed by 212 primary school teachers in Greece. Data analysis traced primary school teachers’ conceptions of whether they use outside educational materials and, if they do, how frequently and in what way they use them, what motivates the teachers to discover outside educational materials and where they discover them, as well as the reasons why they might not use outside educational materials. Furthermore, the differences among teachers’ conceptions of the above issues were detected on the basis of the subject they teach (mathematics, science).
Mathematical Argumentation Performance of Sixth-Graders in a Chinese Rural Class
Authors: Zhou Da , Liu Jinqing , Liu Jian
Published: April 2021

Researchers have established that solid argumentation is essential for developing, establishing and communicating mathematical knowledge, which attracted substantial attention from researchers, but few have simultaneously investigated the argumentation performance of sixth-graders and their teacher’s potential influence in Chinese rural classrooms. In this pilot study, 33 sixth graders in a Chinese rural class were examined, and the math teacher who had been teaching them for three years was interviewed. Findings related to the students’ performance revealed the need to improve their argumentation competency, including using more diverse modes of arguments and argument representation as well as developing more advanced types of arguments (e.g., deductive argumentation). The interview finding with the math teacher indicated that the teacher’s perception and knowledge might impact students’ learning opportunities to conduct argumentation and, therefore, may influence students’ argumentative performance. Implications and limitations of this study is discussed at the end.
An Analysis of the Statistical Literacy of Middle School Students in Solving TIMSS Problems
Authors: Utomo Dwi Priyo
Published: April 2021

The aim of this research is to describe and explore the statistical literacy of middle school students in solving the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) problems. This research utilized the qualitative approach, with the research type being descriptive-explorative. The research subjects consisted of 6 Grade 8 students from Muhammadiyah Middle School 6 of Malang in Malang Regency, Indonesia. Two students had a high mathematical ability, two others had a moderate ability, and the last two had low ability. The data analysis technique applied in this research was the interactive technique, composed of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The data collection for this research involved testing and interviews. The utilized test consisted of an adaptation of TIMSS for the materials of data and opportunities. Interview guidelines were used to support the data collected from the test. The research results indicated that low-ability, moderate-ability, and high-ability students were similar in that they were able to understand the problems. The difference among students of across different categories lies in data processing and data communication. Students with high mathematical abilities could process data and communicate them in detail, while those with moderate abilities could process data and communicate them but not in detail, and students with low abilities could only explain the mathematical problems.
Pedagogical Innovations in Elementary Mathematics Instructions: Future Learning and Research Directions
Authors: Rahmadi Imam Fitri , Lavicza Zsolt
Published: April 2021

Literature reviews about pedagogical innovations are of importance to determine further interventions for learning refinement and future research directions. The present study describes existing pedagogical innovations, identifies learning problems underlie the innovations, and outlines development models used for developing elementary mathematics educational innovations in Indonesia. A systematic literature review was administered to review scholarly articles published between 2014 and 2019. This time frame was drawn in relation to a new curriculum called Kurikulum 2013 introduced in early 2014. The results of this study reveal that the majority of pedagogical innovations focus on developing learning materials and techniques while fewer innovations develop learning environments. Problems underlie existing innovations mainly due to the elementary students who reluctant to learn mathematics, the less competent teachers, and the old-fashioned learning resources. Research and development in elementary mathematics were commonly conducted using Borg & Gall, ADDIE, and 4D models. The evidence from this study suggests that forthcoming mathematics teaching and learning process should be conducted in more enjoyable manners such as practicing microgame-based learning in either physical or digital learning spaces. One of the most sensible research agendas is to develop joyful learning environments to address the interrelated complex problems among students, teachers, and learning resources in elementary mathematics learning in Indonesia.
Preschool Teachers' Views on In-Class Science Activities with Minority Children
Authors: Simsar Ahmet
Published: April 2021

This article focuses on preschool teachers’ views on in-class science activities with Syrian refugee children. Studies concerning science teaching with bilingual children have issues about language and communication. In this study, data were collected by using 9 semi-structured open-ended questions. The case study method was used as research design, and the preschool teachers (N=58) working in Kilis, which is one of the effected cities by Syrian immigration were selected for data collection. Content analysis was used for the data analysis process. The results showed that language and communication is one of the significant issues in class. However, results also showed that Syrian children are more interested in animals and plants and have good observation skills. The teachers stated that they mostly used experimenting in class due to the children’s scientific language skills. The study highlighted in-class presentations and discussions while teaching science with Syrian refugee children.
Verbal-Visual Learning Styles Scale: Developing a Scale for Primary School Students
Authors: Burak Durmuş , Gültekin Mehmet
Published: April 2021

In this study, it is aimed to develop a measurement tool that can determine the learning styles of students in order to provide efficient learning environments in primary schools. For this purpose, a draft scale form consisting of 24 items defining verbal and visual learning styles on theoretical basis was prepared. Then, using the draft scale form, data were obtained from 296 students of primary school. The data obtained at this phase were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA). As a result, the final scale form consisting of two dimensions and 12 items was reached. Then, in order to verify the structure of the final scale form, data were obtained from 149 students of primary school, and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed with these data. According to the results obtained at this stage, the two-dimensional, two-factor, and 12-item structure of the scale was confirmed. In addition, Cronbach's Alpha and stability coefficients were calculated, and as a result, it was determined that the scale made consistent and stable measurements. As a result, a valid and reliable measurement tool has been developed that can determine the learning styles of 8-11 year-old students studying in primary schools.
COVID 19 ENFEKSİYONU SEBEBİYLE NÖROLOJİK TUTULUM GÖSTEREN OLGUNUN GORDON FONKSİYONEL ÖRÜNTÜLERİNE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: CAFER Berna , KARADAKOVAN Ayfer
Published: April 2021

Tüm dünyayı etkileyen Coronovirüs pandemisi Türkiye için de önemli bir sağlık sorunu olmuş ve halen devam etmektedir. Yeni bir virüs olması nedeniyle kesin tedavi ve prognoz konusunda araştırmalar devam etmektedir. Enfeksiyonun neden olduğu organ tutulumları, bunların bireyin sağlığı ve yaşamına etikleri bu alanda çalışan sağlık ekibi üyeleri ve birebir bakım veren hemşireler tarafından yakından izlenmektedir. Covid-19 nedeni ile nörolojik tutulum gösteren bireyin hemşirelik bakımının sürdürülmesinde Gordon’un Fonksiyonel Sağlık Örüntüleri modeline göre uygulanan bakım süreci olgusu paylaşılmıştır.
Migraine Headache associated with Multiple Sclerosis: Results from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample
Authors: Koffman Boyd
Published: April 2021

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease that targets and injures myelin and axons in the central nervous system. A high prevalence of migraine headache has been reported among MS patients. In this study, we investigated variables affecting migraine headache occurrence in MS patients.Methods: The Health Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) data was utilized. MS hospitalizations (“cases”) were identified by ICD-9-CM code 340. Non-MS Hospitalizations were matched to cases 1:1 by age and gender.  Results: We identified 18955 MS patients between 2010 and 2013. The prevalence of migraine among MS patients (7%) was significantly higher than the control group (2.8%). Unspecified Migraine constituted the highest percentages of migraine subtype in both groups. All subtypes of headache, except migraine without aura, were significantly higher among MS patients compared to the control group. Among MS patients, younger age, white race, female gender, depression, and obesity were significant predictors of migraine.   Conclusions: Our study provides prevalence data for different subtypes of headache and confirms depression and obesity as risk factors for migraine.
Sarcopenia, obesity, osteoporosis and old age
Authors: Topolyanskaya S. V.
Published: April 2021

Modern concepts about body composition in the elderly are described in the review. Particular attention is paid to possible causes and pathogenetic aspects of sarcopenia, as well as modern diagnostic approaches to its recognition. The ageing process is inevitably combined with diverse changes in body composition. This age-related evolution can be described by three main processes: a decrease in the growth and mineral density of bone tissue (osteopenia and osteoporosis); progressive decrease in muscle mass; an increase in adipose tissue (sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity) with its redistribution towards central and visceral fat accumulation. Sarcopenia and osteoporosis are considered the main geriatric syndromes. These pathological conditions contribute to a significant decrease in the quality of life in the elderly; create conditions for the loss of independence and require long-term care, increase the frequency of hospitalizations and ultimately result in adverse outcomes.
Pengaruh Indeks DJIA, Harga Minyak Dunia, Tingkat Inflasi, dan Nilai Tukar Rupiah terhadap ISSI
Authors: Mahfudz Muhammad Baharudin , Nurhadi Nurhadi
Published: April 2021

Indonesia is a country where the majority of the population is Muslim, so information about the Sharia Stock Index has an important role in understanding the dynamics of the capital market in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the simultaneous and partial influence of Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), World Oil Price, Inflation Rate, and Rupiah Exchange Rate on Indonesia Sharia Stock Index (ISSI). This study uses secondary data in the form of a summary of monthly index reports obtained from financial websites. The population in this study is a time series data that amounts to 60 months and starts from January 2016 to December 2020 by determining samples using saturated samples. The data was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis techniques. Hypothesis tested using F test and t test. The results showed that simultaneously (Test F) variable Dow Jones industrial Average (DJIA) (X1), World Oil Price (X2), Inflation Rate (X3), and Rupiah Exchange Rate (X4) had a significant effect on the Indonesia Sharia Stock Index (ISSI) on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Partially (Test t) DJIA has a significant positive effect on ISSI. Rupiah exchange rate has a significant negative effect on ISSI. Meanwhile, The World Oil Price and Inflation Rate have an insignificant negative effect on ISSI.
Human Following Robot Using Arduino
Authors: Sati Dhiren , Avkirkar Sanket , Pandey Rishi , Somnathe Abhijit
Published: April 2021

Humanoid robotics is an emerging research field that has received significant attention during the past years and will continue to play an important role in robotics research and many applications of the 21st century and beyond. In this rapid moving world, there is a need of robot such a “A Human Following Robot” that can interact and co-exist with them. Because of its human following capability, these robots can work as assistants for humans in various situations and it can also acquire or monitor certain information associated with the human subject. In this paper we present a prototype that uses Arduino Uno along with basic sensors such as ultrasonic and IR sensor. All the processing is carried out by the microprocessor while the control of the motors is carried out by the controller. This robot can further be modified by using many technologies such as Bluetooth, PixyCamera etc.
Comparative Investigation On Clay Bricks And Fly Ash Bricks
Authors: Manibalu B. , Bhavani A. , Kalaiselvan L. S.
Published: April 2021

This paper presents clay and Fly Ash brick properties, manufacturing process material required for preparing the clay bricks and fly ash bricks as per Indian standard code provisions, inspection and quality control. Use of this additive could have practical implications as a means of recycling and for achieving cost savings in brick production. The bricks with Fly Ash were very similar to that of clay bricks. The absorption coefficient, shape and size, density, weight and compressive strength of Fly Ash bricks compare with normal clay bricks that delivered good results. It is found that compressive strength of the fly ash brick increased when compared to normal brick by more than two times. From our study, it can be concluded that Fly Ash bricks used as an alternative to clay bricks
BOBOT LAHIR ANAK KAMBING PERANAKAN ETAWA (PE) DAN SENDURO DI KECAMATAN SINGOSARI KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Rifa'i Rifa'i , Afikasari Dian , Anggriawan Rico
Published: April 2021

Ternak kambing PE dan kambing Senduro merupakan ternak yang sedang dan terus dikembangkan saat ini. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bobot lahir anak kambing PE dan Kambing Senduro. Metode penelitian menggunakan studi kasus di Unit Pelaksana Teknis Pembibitan Ternak dan Hijuan Makanan Ternak (UPT PT dan HMT) Singosari, Kabupaten Malang. Materi yang digunakan adalah kambing  PE dan kambing Senduro bunting tua masing-masing sebanyak 30 ekor, yang kemudian dilakukan pengamatan saat fase partus untuk mengetahui bobot lahir anak yang dihasilkan. Bobot lahir anak kambing PE  tipe kelahiran kembar lebih tinggi dibandingkan tipe kelahiran tunggal 3,8726 ± 0,3874 > 3,7754 ± 0,6859, sedangkan  bobot lahir anak kambing Senduro menunjukkan tipe kelahiran kembar lebih tinggi dibandingkan tipe kelahiran tunggal 3,7198 ± 0,4234 > 3,4230 ± 0,3252. Penelitian ini memberikan kesimpulan bahwa bobot lahir pada anak kambing PE dan kambing Senduro tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan.

 

Kata Kunci : Anak kambing, Bobot lahir, kambing PE dan kambing Senduro
Revision of the World Meteorological Organization Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO/GAW) CO2 calibration scale
Authors: Hall Bradley D. , Crotwell Andrew M. , Kitzis Duane R. , Mefford Thomas , Miller Benjamin R. , Schibig Michael F. , Tans Pieter P.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory serves as the World
Meteorological Organization Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO/GAW) Central
Calibration Laboratory (CCL) for CO2 and is responsible for maintaining
the WMO/GAW mole fraction scale used as a reference within the WMO/GAW
program. The current WMO-CO2-X2007 scale is embodied by 15 aluminum
cylinders containing modified natural air, with CO2 mole fractions
determined using the NOAA manometer from 1995 to 2006. We have made two
minor corrections to historical manometric records: fixing an error in the
applied second virial coefficient of CO2 and accounting for loss of a
small amount of CO2 to materials in the manometer during the
measurement process. By incorporating these corrections, extending the
measurement records of the original 15 primary standards through 2015, and
adding four new primary standards to the suite, we define a new scale,
identified as WMO-CO2-X2019. The new scale is 0.18 µmol mol−1
(ppm) greater than the previous scale at 400 ppm CO2. While this
difference is small in relative terms (0.045 %), it is significant in
terms of atmospheric monitoring. All measurements of tertiary-level
standards will be reprocessed to WMO-CO2-X2019. The new scale is more
internally consistent than WMO-CO2-X2007 owing to revisions in
propagation and should result in an overall improvement in atmospheric data
records traceable to the CCL.
The role of termite CH4 emissions on the ecosystem scale: a case study in the Amazon rainforest
Authors: van Asperen Hella , Alves-Oliveira João Rafael , Warneke Thorsten , Forsberg Bruce , de Araújo Alessandro Carioca , Notholt Justus
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The magnitude of termite methane (CH4) emissions is still an uncertain part of the global CH4 budget and current emission estimates are based on limited field studies. We present in situ CH4 emission measurements of termite mounds and termite mound subsamples performed in the Amazon rainforest. Emissions from five termite mounds of the species Neocapritermes brasiliensis were measured by use of a large flux chamber connected to a portable gas analyser measuring CH4 and CO2. In addition, the emissions of mound subsamples were measured, after which the termites were counted so that a termite CH4 and CO2 emission factor could be determined. Mound emissions were found to range between 17.0 and 34.8 nmol mound−1 s−1 for CH4 and between 1.1 and 13.0 µmol mound−1 s−1 for CO2. A termite emission factor of 0.35 µmol CH4 gtermite-1 h−1 was found, which is almost twice as high as the only other reported value for the Amazon. By combining mound emission measurements with the termite emission factor, colony sizes could be estimated, which were found to range between 55–125 thousand individuals. Estimates were similar to literature values, and we therefore propose that this method can be used as a quick non-intrusive method to estimate termite colony size in the field. The role of termites in the ecosystem's CH4 budget was evaluated by use of two approaches. Termite mound emission values were combined with local mound density numbers, leading to an estimate of 0.15–0.71 nmol CH4 m−2 s−1, on average, emitted by termite mounds. In addition, the termite CH4 emission factor from this study was combined with termite biomass numbers, resulting in an estimate of termite-emitted CH4 of ∼1.0 nmol m−2 s−1. Considering the relatively low net CH4 emissions previously measured at this ecosystem, we expect that termites play an important role in the CH4 budget of this terra firme ecosystem.
Deep chlorophyll maximum and nutricline in the Mediterranean Sea: emerging properties from a multi-platform assimilated biogeochemical model experiment
Authors: Teruzzi Anna , Bolzon Giorgio , Feudale Laura , Cossarini Gianpiero
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Data assimilation has had a positive impact on biogeochemical modelling in a number of oceanographic applications. The recent operational availability of data from BGC-Argo floats, which provide valuable insights into key vertical biogeochemical processes, can lead to further improvements in biogeochemical modelling through assimilation schemes that include float observations in addition to traditionally assimilated satellite data. In the present work, we demonstrate the feasibility of joint multi-platform assimilation in realistic biogeochemical applications by presenting the results of one-year simulations of Mediterranean Sea biogeochemistry. Different combinations of satellite chlorophyll data and BGC-Argo nitrate and chlorophyll data have been tested, and validation with respect to available independent and semi-independent (before assimilation) observations showed that assimilation of both satellite and float observations outperformed the assimilation of platforms considered individually. Moreover, the assimilation of BGC-Argo data impacted the vertical structure of nutrients and phytoplankton in terms of deep chlorophyll maximum depth and intensity and nutricline depth. The outcomes of the model simulation assimilating both satellite data and BGC-Argo data have been used to explore the basin-wide differences in vertical features associated with summer stratified conditions, describing a relatively high variability between the western and eastern Mediterranean, with thinner and shallower but intense deep chlorophyll maxima associated with steeper and narrower nutriclines in the western Mediterranean.
New geophysical memory-logging system for highly unstable and inclined scientific exploration drilling
Authors: Kück Jochem , Groh Marco , Töpfer Martin , Jurczyk Andreas , Harms Ulrich
Published: April 2021

Abstract. We established a cable-free memory-logging system for drill-string-deployed geophysical borehole measurements. For more than 20 years,
various so-called “logging while tripping” (LWT) techniques have been available in
the logging service industry. However, this method has rarely been used in
scientific drilling, although it enables logging in deviated and unstable
boreholes, such as in lacustrine sediment drilling projects. LWT operations
have a far lower risk of damage or loss of downhole logging equipment compared with
the common wireline logging. For this
purpose, we developed, tested, and commissioned a modular memory-logging system that does not require drill string
modifications, such as special collars, and can be deployed in standard
wireline core drilling diameters (HQ, bit size of 96 mm, and PQ, bit size of 123 mm). The battery-powered, autonomous
sondes register the profiles of the natural GR (gamma radiation) spectrum, sonic
velocity, magnetic susceptibility, electric resistivity, temperature, and
borehole inclination in high quality while they are pulled out along with the drill
string. As a precise depth measurement carried out in the drill rig is
just as important as the actual petrophysical downhole measurements, we
developed depth-measuring devices providing a high accuracy of less than 0.1 m deviation from the wireline-determined depth. Moreover, the modular structure of
the system facilitates sonde deployment in online mode for wireline
measurements.