bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Balanço hídrico em Neossolo regolítico cultivado com braquiária (Brachiaria Decumbens Stapf)
Authors: Silva Renan Almeida Brito da , Lima José Romualdo de Sousa , Antonino Antônio Celso Dantas , Gondim Patrícia Sousa de Sales , Souza Eduardo Soares de , Barros Júnior Genival
Published: April 2014

Um dos principais fatores de produção para as culturas é a disponibilidade de água no solo, de forma que a quantificação das entradas e saídas dessa água, por meio do método do balanço hídrico, pode ser um instrumento valioso para melhorar o manejo dado a ela. Desse modo, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar os componentes do balanço hídrico (variação do armazenamento de água no solo, drenagem, ascensão capilar e evapotranspiração) e o perfil do sistema radicular em Brachiaria decumbens, em nove meses do ano de 2011 (março a novembro). Também foi avaliada a razão entre evapotranspiração (ET) e evapotranspiração de referência (ETo). Esta pesquisa foi realizada na fazenda Riacho do Papagaio, em São João, na mesorregião do Agreste do Estado de Pernambuco, onde foram instalados sensores automatizados para medição da umidade volumétrica do solo nas profundidades de 0,10; 0,20; 0,30; e 0,40 m. A precipitação pluvial foi monitorada por meio de um pluviógrafo automatizado instalado numa torre no centro da área. Para a determinação da drenagem e da ascensão capilar, foram realizados ensaios de infiltração para obtenção da condutividade hidráulica do solo, além da determinação da curva de retenção, em laboratório. A ET foi obtida como termo residual da equação do balanço hídrico e a ETo, pelo método de Penman-Monteith. O volume de controle utilizado para o balanço hídrico teve como limite superior a superfície do solo e como limite inferior a profundidade de 0,30 m. Também foi analisado o perfil do sistema radicular da braquiária, mensalmente. Observou-se que os períodos com elevadas pluviosidades resultaram num maior armazenamento de água no solo, em maiores valores de drenagem e de evapotranspiração. O fluxo de água no limite inferior (z = 0,30 m) do solo ocorreu somente no sentido descendente, sendo perdidos 103,14 mm de água por drenagem, o que representa 24,12 % de toda a água fornecida à cultura. A evapotranspiração total da Brachiaria decumbens Stapf foi de 324,96 mm, com valor médio de 1,2 mm d-1. A pastagem sofreu estresse hídrico, em quase todo período experimental, tendo em vista os valores da relação ET/ETo serem inferiores a 1. Os baixos valores da razão ET/ETo indicaram a necessidade de se realizar irrigação para se diminuir o déficit hídrico. No entanto, em razão dos elevados valores de drenagem, recomendam-se práticas de manejo que aumentem a retenção de água pelo solo.
Influence of digestion methods on the recovery of Iron, Zinc, Nickel, Chromium, Cadmium and Lead contents in 11 organic residues
Authors: Abbruzzini Thalita Fernanda , Silva Carlos Alberto , Andrade Daniela Aparecida de , Carneiro Waldete Japiassú de Oliveira
Published: April 2014

There are currently many devices and techniques to quantify trace elements (TEs) in various matrices, but their efficacy is dependent on the digestion methods (DMs) employed in the opening of such matrices which, although "organic", present inorganic components which are difficult to solubilize. This study was carried out to evaluate the recovery of Fe, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb contents in samples of composts and cattle, horse, chicken, quail, and swine manures, as well as in sewage sludges and peat. The DMs employed were acid digestion in microwaves with HNO3 (EPA 3051A); nitric-perchloric digestion with HNO3 + HClO4 in a digestion block (NP); dry ashing in a muffle furnace and solubilization of residual ash in nitric acid (MDA); digestion by using aqua regia solution (HCl:HNO3) in the digestion block (AR); and acid digestion with HCl and HNO3 + H2O2 (EPA 3050). The dry ashing method led to the greatest recovery of Cd in organic residues, but the EPA 3050 protocol can be an alternative method for the same purpose. The dry ashing should not be employed to determine the concentration of Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn in the residues. Higher Cr and Fe contents are recovered when NP and EPA 3050 are employed in the opening of organic matrices. For most of the residues analyzed, AR is the most effective method for recovering Ni. Microwave-assisted digestion methods (EPA3051 and 3050) led to the highest recovery of Pb. The choice of the DM that provides maximum recovery of Zn depends on the organic residue and trace element analyzed.
Dry matter and macronutrient accumulation in fruits of Conilon coffee with different ripening cycles
Authors: Partelli Fábio Luiz , Espindula Marcelo Curitiba , Marré Wellington Braida , Vieira Henrique Duarte
Published: April 2014

The period between anthesis and fruit ripening varies according to the Conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) genotype. Therefore, the time of the nutritional requirements for fruit formation may differ, depending on the formation phase and the genotype, and may directly affect split application of fertilizer. The aim of this study was to quantify the accumulation of dry matter and N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S at several stages in the fruit of the Conilon coffee genotype with different ripening cycles, which may suggest the need for split application of fertilizer in coffee. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Nova Venecia, Espírito Santo, Brazil, throughout the reproductive cycle. The treatments were composed of four coffee genotypes with different ripening cycles. A completely randomised experimental design was used. with five replicates. Plagiotropic branches were harvested from flowering to fruit ripening at 28-day intervals to determine the dry matter of the fruits and the concentration and accumulation of the nutrients they contained. The behavior of dry matter and macronutrient accumulation during the study period was similar and increasing, but it differed among genotypes sampled in the same season. Early genotypes exhibited a higher speed of dry matter and nutrient accumulation. Split application of fertilizer should differ among coffee genotypes with different ripening cycles (early, intermediate, late and very late).
Evaluation of ammonia volatilization losses by adjusted parameters of a logistic function
Authors: Vale Marcos Lima Campos do , Sousa Rogério Oliveira de , Scivittaro Walkyria Bueno
Published: April 2014

The dynamics of N losses in fertilizer by ammonia volatilization is affected by several factors, making investigation of these dynamics more complex. Moreover, some features of the behavior of the variable can lead to deviation from normal distribution, making the main commonly adopted statistical strategies inadequate for data analysis. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the patterns of cumulative N losses from urea through ammonia volatilization in order to find a more adequate and detailed way of assessing the behavior of the variable. For that reason, changes in patterns of ammonia volatilization losses as a result of applying different combinations of two soil classes [Planossolo and Chernossolo (Typic Albaqualf and Vertic Argiaquolls)] and different rates of urea (50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 N), in the presence or absence of a urease inhibitor, were evaluated, adopting a 2 × 3 × 2 factorial design with four replications. Univariate and multivariate analysis of variance were performed using the adjusted parameter values of a logistic function as a response variable. The results obtained from multivariate analysis indicated a prominent effect of the soil class factor on the set of parameters, indicating greater relevance of soil adsorption potential on ammonia volatilization losses. Univariate analysis showed that the parameters related to total N losses and rate of volatilization were more affected by soil class and the rate of urea applied. The urease inhibitor affected only the rate and inflection point parameters, decreasing the rate of losses and delaying the beginning of the process, but had no effect on total ammonia losses. Patterns of ammonia volatilization losses provide details on behavior of the variable, details which can be used to develop and adopt more accurate techniques for more efficient use of urea.
Potencial de água do solo e adubação com boro no crescimento e absorção do nutriente pela cultura da soja
Authors: Trautmann Ricardo Robson , Lana Maria do Carmo , Guimarães Vandeir Francisco , Gonçalves Jr. Affonso Celso , Steiner Fabio
Published: April 2014

A soja é uma cultura exigente em boro (B), entretanto, é estreita a faixa entre o nível adequado e o tóxico para esse nutriente no solo; dessa forma, a dose a ser recomendada deve ser bem definida. As condições hídricas do solo também é um aspecto importante relacionado diretamente com a disponibilidade de B para as plantas. Nesse contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicação de fontes e doses de B no crescimento da soja (Glycine max) em um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico de textura arenosa, submetido a diferentes tensões de água. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação em vasos com 5 dm³ de solo. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em parcelas subdivididas, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 x 3, sendo cinco doses de B (0,0; 0,25; 0,5; 1,0; e 2,0 mg dm-3); duas fontes (ácido bórico e colemanita) e três tensões de água no solo (0,01; 0,03; e 0,10 MPa), com quatro repetições. Os resultados indicaram que o crescimento da soja não é influenciado quando se mantém o nível de tensão de água no solo até 0,1 MPa. O crescimento do sistema radicular foi interferido negativamente com a aplicação de doses de B até 2 mg dm-3, em solo com teor inicial de 0,32 mg dm-3. Os teores de B no solo e no tecido foliar da soja aumentaram linearmente com as doses do nutriente aplicado no solo, sendo observado na maior dose (2 mg dm-3 de B) sintomas de típicos de toxidez de B nas folhas da cultura da soja.
Atributos físico-hídricos de um Argissolo amarelo sob floresta e savana naturais convertidas para pastagem em Roraima
Authors: Cruz Diego Lima de Souza , Vale Júnior José Frutuoso do , Cruz Pablo Lima de Souza , Cruz Anna Bárbara de Souza , Nascimento Pedro Paulo Ramos Ribeiro
Published: April 2014

O Estado de Roraima apresenta ampla diversidade pedológica e de ecossistemas, sendo gradativamente ocupados com pastagem, que dependendo do manejo podem estar associadas à degradação física do solo. Dentro desse contexto, este trabalho foi realizado com os objetivos de avaliar e comparar os atributos físico-hídricos de um Argissolo Amarelo sob os ecossistemas de savana e floresta natural, convertidos em pastagem para pecuária. Os tratamentos principais foram savana natural (SN), savana convertida em pastagem (SC), floresta natural (FN) e floresta convertida em pastagem (FC) e os tratamentos secundários foram as profundidades de amostragem do solo, 0-10, 10-20 e 20-40 cm. Os atributos avaliados foram: granulometria, densidade do solo (DS) e de partículas (DP), resistência à penetração (RP), porosidade total (PT), umidade gravimétrica (UG), capacidade de armazenamento de água (CAD) e matéria orgânica do solo (MOS). A DS foi superior nas duas áreas de Savana, não havendo diferença entre SC e SN em nenhuma das profundidades. A RP variou em função das áreas e da profundidade, verificando-se influência da conversão nesse atributo. A PT foi maior na FN e menor na SC; houve diminuição da porosidade com a profundidade. A CAD foi maior na FN apenas na profundidade de 0-10 cm. A MOS foi superior nas áreas de FN e FC. Portanto, a conversão dos ambientes naturais em pastagem provocou alterações significativas na RP, DS, CAD, PT e MOS, com maior expressividade nas áreas da FC em razão da supressão da cobertura vegetal natural, que tem na matéria orgânica o condicionador da qualidade físico-hídrica do solo. Na SC, por sua vez, a supressão da cobertura vegetal natural não provocou a mesma expressividade por causa dos teores significativamente inferiores de MOS.
Impacts of land leveling on lowland soil physical properties
Authors: Parfitt José Maria Barbat , Timm Luís Carlos , Reichardt Klaus , Pauletto Eloy Antonio
Published: April 2014

The practice of land leveling alters the soil surface to create a uniform slope to improve land conditions for the application of all agricultural practices. The aims of this study were to evaluate the impacts of land leveling through the magnitudes, variances and spatial distributions of selected soil physical properties of a lowland area in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; the relationships between the magnitude of cuts and/or fills and soil physical properties after the leveling process; and evaluation of the effect of leveling on the spatial distribution of the top of the B horizon in relation to the soil surface. In the 0-0.20 m layer, a 100-point geo-referenced grid covering two taxonomic soil classes was used in assessment of the following soil properties: soil particle density (Pd) and bulk density (Bd); total porosity (Tp), macroporosity (Macro) and microporosity (Micro); available water capacity (AWC); sand, silt, clay, and dispersed clay in water (Disp clay) contents; electrical conductivity (EC); and weighted average diameter of aggregates (WAD). Soil depth to the top of the B horizon was also measured before leveling. The overall effect of leveling on selected soil physical properties was evaluated by paired "t" tests. The effect on the variability of each property was evaluated through the homogeneity of variance test. The thematic maps constructed by kriging or by the inverse of the square of the distances were visually analyzed to evaluate the effect of leveling on the spatial distribution of the properties and of the top of the B horizon in relation to the soil surface. Linear regression models were fitted with the aim of evaluating the relationship between soil properties and the magnitude of cuts and fills. Leveling altered the mean value of several soil properties and the agronomic effect was negative. The mean values of Bd and Disp clay increased and Tp, Macro and Micro, WAD, AWC and EC decreased. Spatial distributions of all soil physical properties changed as a result of leveling and its effect on all soil physical properties occurred in the whole area and not specifically in the cutting or filling areas. In future designs of leveling, we recommend overlaying a cut/fill map on the map of soil depth to the top of the B horizon in order to minimize areas with shallow surface soil after leveling.
Marx contra o Estado
Authors: Tible Jean
Published: April 2014

O que os textos de Marx, de seus artigos de 1842 até suas últimas reflexões, nos dizem sobre sua concepção da política? Existe um pensamento político marxiano? Se Marx não legou tratados de teoria política, insistiu em alguns pontos-chave, tais como a opressão estatal, sua articulação com a exploração capitalista e os elos entre revolução, democracia e comunismo. Isso pode ser percebido nos seus mais variados escritos, nas polêmicas com Hegel e os jovens hegelianos, nos textos sobre os levantes revolucionários (1848, Comuna de Paris), nos debates do movimento operário e nas obras sobre a economia política. Por isso, a proposta de seguir suas trajetórias nos numerosos e diferentes escritos (livros, artigos, cartas, comentários à margem), tomando como fio condutor o projeto marxiano de uma outra política no sentido da superação da sua dimensão estatal.
Critérios de sucesso em projetos: um estudo exploratório considerando a interferência das variáveis tipologia de projetos e stakeholders
Authors: Borges Julia Garaldi , Carvalho Marly Monteiro de
Published: April 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender a influência das variáveis tipologia de projeto e tipo de stakeholder nos critérios de sucesso em projetos. A abordagem metodológica envolveu em uma primeira fase uma revisão da literatura, seguida de uma pesquisa de campo com estratégia híbrida, qualitativa e quantitativa. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em uma empresa de engenharia e soluções integradas de infraestrutura com atuação em diversos setores. O trabalho de campo envolveu coleta e análise de dados de 54 projetos e um levantamento com 59 gerentes e outros envolvidos na atividade de projeto para identificar a importância dos critérios de sucesso. Os resultados apontam para uma influência significativa do tipo de projeto na importância dos critérios de sucesso, no entanto o mesmo não ocorreu para o tipo de stakeholder.
Soil fungal and bacterial biomass determined by epifluorescence microscopy and mycorrhizal spore density in different sugarcane managements
Authors: Aleixo Adriana Pereira , Kaschuk Glaciela , Alberton Odair
Published: April 2014

Crop productivity and sustainability have often been related to soil organic matter and soil microbial biomass, especially because of their role in soil nutrient cycling. This study aimed at measuring fungal and bacterial biomass by epifluorescence microscopy and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) spore density in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) fields under different managements. We collected soil samples of sugarcane fields managed with or without burning, with or without mechanized harvest, with or without application of vinasse and from nearby riparian native forest. The soil samples were collected at 10cm depth and storage at 4°C until analysis. Fungal biomass varied from 25 to 37µg C g-1 dry soil and bacterial from 178 to 263µg C g-1 dry soil. The average fungal/bacterial ratio of fields was 0.14. The AMF spore density varied from 9 to 13 spores g-1 dry soil. The different sugarcane managements did not affect AMF spore density. In general, there were no significant changes of microbial biomass with crop management and riparian forest. However, the sum of fungal and bacterial biomass measured by epifluorescence microscopy (i.e. 208-301µg C g-1 dry soil) was very close to values of total soil microbial biomass observed in other studies with traditional techniques (e.g. fumigation-extraction). Therefore, determination of fungal/bacterial ratios by epifluorescence microscopy, associated with other parameters, appears to be a promising methodology to understand microbial functionality and nutrient cycling under different soil and crop managements.
Herança de caracteres relacionados à arquitetura da planta em feijão-caupi
Authors: Matos Filho Carlos Humberto Aires , Gomes Regina Lucia Ferreira , Freire Filho Francisco Rodrigues , Rocha Maurisrael Moura , Lopes Ângela Celis de Almeida , Nunes José Airton Rodrigues
Published: April 2014

O trabalho estudou o controle genético dos caracteres comprimento (CRP) e número de nós (NNRP) do ramo principal e hábito de crescimento em feijão-caupi, a partir dos cruzamentos TE96-282-22G x TVX-5058-09C e TE96-282-22G x IT81D-1332. O experimento foi conduzido na Embrapa Meio-Norte, em Teresina, PI, Brasil, no ano de 2003. Estimaram-se os componentes genéticos de média, variância e herdabilidades para os caracteres CRP e NNRP. O estudo da herança do hábito de crescimento foi realizado com base nas frequências dos fenótipos observados. Em ambos os cruzamentos, o modelo genético aditivo-dominante foi suficiente para explicar a variação fenotípica observada para o CRP e NNRP; os efeitos aditivos e de dominância são importantes no controle do CRP e NNRP, mas a variância aditiva é prevalente como componente genético. O CRP e NNRP apresentam controle oligogênico, associado com alta expressão do caráter. O hábito de crescimento apresenta herança monogênica, com dominância para o tipo indeterminado.
Idade de segregação do lenho juvenil e adulto para Pinus elliottii Engel
Authors: Trevisan Rômulo , Motta Cristiane Isabel da , Fioresi Tamires , Trautenmüller Andréia Vanize , Rabuske Jéssica Emilia , Denardi Luciano
Published: April 2014

A madeira juvenil em maior proporção no fuste e suas características físicas, mecânicas, químicas e anatômicas diminuem a qualidade do material. Esse estudo teve como objetivo estimar a idade de segregação do lenho juvenil e adulto pelo comprimento dos traqueoides em Pinus elliottii Engel, aos 30 anos de idade. Para tanto, seis árvores foram selecionadas, com base no diâmetro dominante, em um povoamento localizado no Colégio Agrícola de Frederico Westphalen/UFSM. Após o abate, no disco correspondente a 0,15 metros de altura, foram marcadas e seccionadas baguetas centrais de onde se retirou o lenho inicial dos trinta anéis de crescimento, no sentido medula-casca, para maceração. A segregação dos dois tipos de lenhos foi determinada pela variação radial da característica anatômica em estudo através de duas regressões lineares simples. Os resultados indicaram que o comprimento dos traqueoides apresentou padrão de variação crescente no sentido medula-casca, indicando assim que os menores valores foram observados próximos à medula e correspondem aos primeiros anéis de crescimento. A idade de segregação do lenho de Pinus elliottii definida por meio do comprimento de traqueoides foi de, aproximadamente, dez anos.
Meningioma fibroblástico em bovino no semiárido da Paraíba
Authors: Carvalho Fabricio Kleber de Lucena , Dantas Antônio Flávio Medeiros , Febrônio Andrei Manoel Brum , Riet-Correa Franklin , Kommers Glaucia Denise , Simões Sara Vilar Dantas
Published: April 2014

Descreve-se um caso de meningioma fibroblástico em bovino no semiárido da Paraíba. O animal apresentava depressão, descarga nasal purulenta, bruxismo, ptose da pálpebra, flacidez da língua e trismo. Na necropsia, havia uma massa tumoral na região do córtex frontal direito, que ocupava o ventrículo lateral direito. Microscopicamente, era formado por células meningoteliais neoplásicas. O diagnóstico foi realizado pelas características histológicas e confirmado pela imuno-histoquímica, que revelou marcação positiva para vimentina e negativa para citoqueratina, proteína ácida fibrilar glial e enolase neuro-específica. As neoplasias do sistema nervoso central, diagnosticadas em bovinos no semiárido do nordeste brasileiro, embora raras, devem ser incluídas no diagnóstico diferencial das doenças de bovinos que apresentam sinais nervosos.
Métodos físicos e químicos de detoxificação de aflatoxinas e redução da contaminação fúngica na cadeia produtiva avícola
Authors: Carão Ágatha Cristina de Pinho , Burbarelli Maria Fernanda de Castro , Polycarpo Gustavo do Valle , Santos Amanda Ramos dos , Albuquerque Ricardo de , Oliveira Carlos Augusto Fernandes de
Published: April 2014

As aflatoxinas são responsáveis por grandes prejuízos à saúde de aves comerciais e à produção animal, essencialmente por perda financeira decorrente de diminuição de ganho de peso dos animais. A detoxificação da ração ou de suas matérias-primas, bem como tentativas de diminuir a contaminação fúngica que leva à produção das toxinas, além de técnicas nutricionais, são métodos que podem ser adotados para tentar diminuir os efeitos deletérios sobre os frangos de corte. Sendo assim, o objetivo desta revisão é mostrar o que a ciência fornece como meios de detoxificação e/ou redução de contaminação por fungos; e algumas substâncias naturais que auxiliam a produção avícola na redução de micotoxicoses .
Storage of yerba maté in controlled atmosphere
Authors: Prestes Sarah Lemos Cogo , Thewes Fabio Rodrigo , Sautter Cláudia Kaehler , Brackmann Auri
Published: April 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of controlled atmosphere in the change of color, chlorophyll degradation and phenolic compounds concentration in yerba maté thickly ground (“cancheada”) and thinly milled (“socada”). Yerba maté samples from the towns of Arvorezinha (RS - Brazil) and São Mateus do Sul (PR - Brazil) were stored in four levels of oxygen (1, 3, 6 and 20.9kPa of O2) and four levels of carbon dioxide (0, 3, 6 and 18kPa of CO2) and then were analyzed, after nine months of storage. According to the results, the O2 partial pressure reduction decreased the loss of green coloration, kept a higher content of chlorophylls and of total phenolic compounds. In relation to the different levels of CO2, a response as remarkable as O2 was not observed. The yerba maté that was thickly ground (“cancheada”) presented a better storage potential than the one thinly milled (“socada”) in the storage with O2 and with CO2. The 1kPa of O2 condition kept the yerba maté greener and with a higher content of chlorophylls and of total phenolic compounds after nine months of storage. The CO2 partial pressure kept the yerba maté coloration greener and with a higher content of chlorophylls and of total phenolic compounds, regardless of the level used, in the maté from both cultivation areas.
Alterações em variáveis limnológicas de manancial de Juiz de Fora devido ao uso da terra
Authors: Rocha Cézar H. B. , Freitas Fabiano A. , Silva Thiago M. da
Published: April 2014

Os processos que promovem alterações em variáveis limnológicas são amplos e necessitam de estudos que considerem as peculiaridades das bacias de contribuição, bem como o uso e cobertura de suas áreas. O presente artigo teve por objetivo comparar a dinâmica de parâmetros limnológicos da Represa Dr. João Penido - Juiz de Fora/MG em diferentes regimes pluviométricos, além de compreender os mecanismos atuantes na variação dos mesmos. O teste t de Student verificou a ocorrência de variação sazonal significativa para os parâmetros: cor, turbidez, ferro, condutividade e demanda bioquímica de oxigênio. Através da Análise Fatorial/Análise de Componentes Principais foi excluída a variável pH por não contribuir para a variância total dos dados além de destacar, dentre as variáveis estudadas, as que mais influenciaram na qualidade da água. Foram utilizadas as quatro primeiras componentes que explicaram 71% da variância total dos dados indicando o escoamento superficial como determinante das variáveis da primeira e da segunda componentes; a contribuição orgânica não associada à precipitação, como sugestiva das variáveis da terceira componente e a dinâmica funcional intrínseca do ambiente aquático como indicativa da quarta componente.
Qualidade fisiológica das sementes de soja armazenadas em diferentes condições
Authors: Smaniotto Thaís A. de S. , Resende Osvaldo , Marçal Kaique A. F. , Oliveira Daniel E. C. de , Simon Gustavo A.
Published: April 2014

Propôs-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de soja ao longo do armazenamento durante 180 dias em diferentes teores de água e em duas condições de temperatura. Foram utilizadas sementes de soja, cultivar CD 242 RR com teores de água iniciais de 12, 13 e 14% (b.u.). As sementes foram adquiridas com o teor de água de 11,0% (b.u.); em seguida, foram umedecidas em câmara BOD a 20 ºC e 85% de umidade relativa, homogeneizadas e acondicionadas em sacos plásticos de polipropileno; as embalagens foram mantidas em dois ambientes distintos. Com vista à avaliação das sementes ao longo do armazenamento foram realizadas as análises de teor de água, germinação, primeira contagem da germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação e condutividade elétrica. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, segundo o esquema fatorial triplo 2 x 4 x 3 (duas condições de armazenamento, quatro tempos de armazenamento e três teores de água), com três repetições. O teor de água inicial influencia na qualidade das sementes de soja durante o armazenamento. O ambiente climatizado (20 ºC) proporciona melhores resultados em todas as características estudadas.
Peanut mechanized digging regarding to plant population and soil water level
Authors: Zerbato Cristiano , Silva Vicente F. A. , Torres Luma S. , Silva Rouverson P. da , Furlani Carlos E. A.
Published: April 2014

The largest losses in mechanical harvesting of peanuts occur during the stage of digging, and its assessment is still incipient in Brazil. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the quantitative losses and the performance of the tractor-digger-inverter, according to soil water content and plant populations. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with a factorial scheme 2 x 3, in which the treatments consisted of two soil, water content (19.3 and 24.8%) and three populations of plants (86,111, 127,603 and 141,144 plants ha-1), with four replications. The quantitative digging losses and the set mechanized performance were evaluated. The largest amount of visible and total losses was found in the population of 141.144 plants ha-1 for the 19.3% soil water content. The harvested material flow and the tractor-digger-inverter performance were not influenced by soil water content and plant population. The water content in the pods was higher in 24.8% soil water content only for the population of 86,111 plants ha-1; the yield was higher in the populations of 141.144 and 127.603 plants ha-1, in the 19.3 e 24.8% soil water content, respectively.
Estudo comparativo da fosfatização inorgânica e orgânica do aço carbono 1008 quanto à resistência a corrosão
Authors: Oliveira Marilei Fátima , Santana Henrique de , Grassi Marcelo , Rodrigues Paulo Rogério Pinto , Gallina André Lanzarin
Published: April 2014

Devido às inúmeras aplicações do aço carbono na indústria, torna-se necessária a utilização de tratamento de superfície para controle e prevenção da corrosão deste metal. Um dos sistemas utilizados como pré-tratamento do aço carbono para posterior pintura é a fosfatização à base de zinco, a qual permite melhorar a ancoragem da tinta sobre o substrato metálico. No entanto, este tratamento gera para a indústria um passivo ambiental relacionado ao lodo e ao íon metálico alergênico e poluente utilizado no processo, neste caso o Ni2+. O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver e caracterizar um tratamento alternativo ao fosfato de zinco para o aço carbono 1008, utilizando-se um fosfato orgânico. O método utilizado foi o de imersão do substrato metálico em uma solução aquosa de uma molécula orgânica à temperatura ambiente. Os corpos de prova do aço carbono foram avaliados utilizando-se microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura, espectroscopia Raman, ensaios eletroquímicos de polarização potenciodinâmica anódica e espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica em meios ácido e neutro, além dos ensaios em Salt Spray. Os resultados eletroquímicos e de corrosão acelerada mostraram que o filme de fosfato orgânico minimiza a corrosão no aço carbono, podendo ser utilizado em substituição ao tradicional fosfato de zinco.
O contexto das manifestações populares na Copa das Confederações: entre o dizer e o silenciar
Authors: Tomazi Micheline Mattedi
Published: April 2014

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a canção Cálice, de Chico Buarque, em diálogo com cartazes, presentes nas manifestações sociais no Brasil durante a Copa das Confederações em 2013, que retomam a canção buarqueana. Para tanto, lançamos mão das considerações sobre o silêncio de Orlandi (1997), dos artigos de Burke (1999) e Dias (1999) e do conceito sociocognitivo de contexto de van Dijk (2001; 2010; 2012). Pretendemos analisar o emprego do silêncio como estratégia discursiva para burlar a censura e compreender, do ponto de vista sociocognitivo do contexto, como os indivíduos adaptam a palavra poética de resistência da ditadura à nova situação de comunicação social. Os resultados deste estudo evidenciaram que tanto as formas de silenciamento quanto a construção das estruturas discursivas não são influenciadas pela situação comunicativa, mas pelos modelos de contexto que cada indivíduo constrói em relação a determinado evento.
Expression Patterns of Three Heat Shock Proteins inChilo suppressalis(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Lu Ming-Xing , Liu Zhong-Xian , Cui Ya-Dong , Du Yu-Zhou
Published: April 2014

The striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis, is one of the most serious pests of rice, causing extensive damage and yield loss. This report is a study on the expression patterns of three heat shock protein genes of C. suppressalis. Results indicated that hsp90, hsp70, and hsp60 all expressed within eight tissues (organs) sampled from fifth-instar larvae, with the highest levels being found in the hindgut and the lowest levels in the foregut. Interestingly, an abundance of all three hsps were observed in the head. We also examined heat shock protein expression in different life stages and sexes of rice stem borer. The hsp90 and hsp70 also appeared correlated with the developmental processes of C. suppressalis. The results showed that the transcripts of hsp70 varied remarkably in different developmental stages. The hsp60 demonstrated significantly higher expression in female than male adults. All three hsps of C. suppressalis could be induced by temperature stress, especially heat stress. For example, the highest increase for hsp90, hsp70, and hsp60 was at 42, 36, and 36°C, respectively. All three hsps were more sensitive to heat than cold.
Effect of rates of nitrogen on the productive elements of spring malting barley
Authors: Knezevic Jasmina , Aksic Miroljub , Ciric Slavica , Gudzic Nebojsa , Tmusic Nadica
Published: April 2014

This study examines the effect of increasing rates of nitrogen on the
productive traits of four cultivars of spring malting barley: Kraguj,
Dunavac, Uros and Slavko. Nitrogen rates of 0, 60, 80 and 100 kg ha-1 were
applied. In the treatments with nitrogen, 90 kg ha-1 P2O5 and K2O were also
added. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nitrogen
nutrition on the productive characteristics of spring malting barley. The
results show that the use of nitrogen had a positive effect on the productive
characteristics of spring malting barley in all treatments and in all
cultivars. Different responses of the studied cultivars to the application of
fertilizers are the result of their genotype characteristics.
The effect of growing regions, microbiological fertilizers and soil additives on productivity of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)
Authors: Dolijanovic Zeljko , Oljaca Snezana , Kovacevic Dusan , Seremesic Srdjan , Jovovic Zoran
Published: April 2014

This study was aimed at investigating the productivity of buckwheat taking
into account growing regions, especially altitude, since this species does
not have demanding soil requirements. The experiments were conducted during
2009 and 2010 in two localities: Valjevo (the village of Jasenica at 300 m
altitude - 2009 and the village of Jovanja at 160 m altitude - 2010), and
Nova Varos (the village of Radijevici at 1,065 m altitude). Soil of the
experimental plots at both localities was characterized by acidic chemical
reactions, with 3-5% of humus. In addition, the soil was rich in potassium,
but poor in phosphorus. Within the objective test, with four replications,
microbiological fertilizers Bactofil and Slavol were applied just before
planting, alone or in combination with soil additives (hydrogel and zeolite).
Half of each plot was fertilized foliarly, by the application of
microbiological fertilizer Slavol using the concentrations of 50 ml per 10
liters of water. As compared with the control (no fertilizer application), in
all variants of fertilization with a top dressing, increased grain yields
were obtained. Significantly higher grain yields of buckwheat were obtained
in the first locality, especially in the variant of fertilization with the
combined use of Slavol and soil conditioner hydrogel.
Pollen germination of the walnut cultivar ‛Geisenheim 286’ on different culture media
Authors: Jankovic Dragan , Jankovic Sladjana , Paunovic Svetlana , Cirkovic Bratislav , Jovanovic Zoran
Published: April 2014

Pollen of the walnut cultivar ?Geisenheim 286(27.8%) when the germination
medium contained 0.8% of agar, 15% of sucrose, 600 ppm of ? was cultured on
germination media containing all possible combinations of sucrose (10, 15 and
20%); agar (0.6 and 0.8%); boric acid (0, 300 and 600 ppm) and calcium
chloride (0, 50 and 100 ppm). A total of 54 different combinations of
germination media were tested in an attempt to establish a suitable culture
in vitro pollen germinability The interactions of the concentrations of agar
and calcium chloride, boric acid and sucrose, calcium chloride and sucrose,
as well as those of boric acid, calcium chloride and sucrose were
significant. Pollen germination was maximized media for studying of the
walnut. Significant differences in pollen germination were observed in
response to changing concentrations of sucrose, boric acid and calcium
chloride, but germination was not affected by changes in agar concentration.
boric acid and 50 ppm of calcium chloride.
The use of paraffin wax in a new solar cooker with inner and outer reflectors
Authors: Arabacigil Bihter , Yuksel Numan , Avci Atakan
Published: April 2014

In this paper, the potential use and effectiveness of paraffin wax in a new
solar cooker was experimentally investigated during daylight and late evening
hours. For these experiments, a cooker having an inner reflecting surface was
designed, constructed by filling paraffin wax and metal shavings. The side-
and sub-surface temperatures of the paraffin wax in the cooker are measured
in the summer months of June and July. The thermal efficiency of the cooker
was tested on different conditions. The results show that the optimum angle
of the outer reflector is 30?. Here, the peak temperature of the paraffin wax
in the solar cooker was 83.4 ?C. The average solar radiation reflected makes
a contribution of 9.26% to the temperature of paraffin wax with the outer
reflector. The solar cooker with the outer reflector angle of 30? receives
also reflected radiation from the inner reflectors. Besides, the heating time
is decreased to approximately 1 hour. The designed solar cooker can be
effectively used with 30.3% daily thermal efficiency and paraffin wax due to
the amount of energy stored.
Effect of temperature on non-linear dynamical property of stuffer box crimping and bubble electrospinning
Authors: Huang Jian-Xin , Song Min-Feng , Kong Hai-Yan , Wang Ping , He Ji-Huan
Published: April 2014

The velocity of axially moving slender fiber of viscoelastic fluid is an
important factor in mass-production of crimped fibers in stuffer box crimping
and bubble electrospinning. A governing equation for fiber crimp is obtained
by the Hamilton?s principle, and the natural frequency and critical axially
moving velocity are obtained analytically by considering the thermal effect.
It is concluded that a high temperature gradient can greatly enhance the
production ratio and guarantee the fundamental transverse vibration.
Additionally the effects of the tensile axial load and amplitude on
transverse vibration are also elucidated.
An overview and analysis of BER for three diversity techniques in wireless communication systems
Authors: Mitic Dragan , Lebl Aleksandar , Trenkic Branimir , Markov Zarko
Published: April 2014

Characteristics of a wireless communication channel are subjected to a large
scale deterioration process, referred to as the problem of fading. This
paper discusses different techniques for mitigating the fading problems. One
solution to the problem is to add a fading margin on the transmitter, but it
is not an effective solution. The other solution is to use an alternative
statistical behavior of fading channels (applying the basic concepts of
diversity), which use two or more inputs on the receiver to ensure the
correlation of signal. So, the diversity technique is used to improve system
performance in fading channels. Instead of transmitting and receiving the
desired signal through one channel, we have L copies of desired signal
transferred over M different channels. This paper presents analytical
results of the probability of error for diversity techniques which use
Rayleigh Fading Channel for BPSK modulation.
Effect of Hair Ornamentation on Helping
Authors: Stefan Jordy , Guéguen Nicolas
Published: April 2014

Previous research has found that restaurant waitresses wearing flowers in their hair received higher tips. Here, the effect of hair ornamentation on responses to an explicit request for help was assessed. Two female confederates wearing a barrette with or without a flower asked 240 passersby (120 men, 120 women; apparently 30 to 40 years of age) in the street for bus fare change. The success rate was 76.7% when they wore the ornamentation and only 50.8% without the ornamentation. Both men and women more readily helped those with the hair ornamentation.
Interpretation and Perception of Slow, Moderate, and Fast Swimming Paces in Distance and Sprint Swimmers
Authors: Invernizzi Pietro Luigi , Longo Stefano , Scurati Raffaele , Maggioni Martina A. , Michielon Giovanni , Bosio Andrea
Published: April 2014

This study assessed how accurately professional swimmers can interpret instructions to swim “slow,” “moderate,” and “fast.” 8 distance swimmers (6 males, 2 females; M age = 19 yr., SD = 3) and 8 sprint swimmers (7 males, 1 female; M age = 18yr., SD = 1) performed an all-out 50-m crawl stroke and three sets of 8 × 50-m crawl stroke trials interpreting the coach's instruction to swim at slow, moderate, and fast paces. No differences were detected between groups in absolute speed. Nevertheless, distance and sprint swimmers significantly differed in speed normalized to their own 50-m all-out speed (effect sizes = 6.72, 6.20, 1.35 for slow, moderate, and fast, respectively), stroke frequency (effect sizes = 0.81, 1.12, 1.54, respectively), and blood lactate concentration (effect sizes = 0.99, 2.56, 1.70, respectively).
A Logic Fuzzy Model for Evaluation of the Railway Station’s Practice Capacity in Safety Operating Conditions
Authors: Corriere F. , Vincenzo D. Di , Guerrieri M.
Published: April 2014

The practice capacity of a railway junction depends, in addition to the effective operation’s conditions, by the potential risk factors related to the design plan of the railway station. With the aim of an approach based on the “fuzzy sets” it is possible to determine the numeric value of the practice capacity by the logic - qualitative relations between the features of the railway junction and the potential risk factors. This methodology permits to try out the absolute value of a suitable vector β, (less then the unit) for the utilization of the theoretic capacity in conditions of maximum reliability of the system related to the aspect of safety (technique “fail safe”).
Feasibility Study of Dez Arch Dam Heightening Based on Nonlinear Numerical Analysis of Existing Dam
Authors: Hariri-Ardebili M. A. , Mirzabozorg H.
Published: April 2014

The Dez dam was commissioned in 1963 and since sediments accumulated in the reservoir up to an elevation of approximately 15m below the intake of the power tunnel. One of the possible measures to improve operation of the reservoir is by heightening of the existing dam. This paper describes the conducted procedure for static and thermal calibration of this 203m dam in Iran based on micro geodesies measurements. Also the nonlinear response of existing dam is investigated under maximum credible earthquake ground motions considering joint behavior and mass concrete cracking and safety of dam is evaluated for possible heightening. For thermal calibration of provided numerical model, transient thermal analysis was conducted and results were compared with thermometers records installed in central block. In addition, for static calibration; thermal distribution within dam body, dam self weight, hydrostatic pressure and silt load applied on the 3D finite element model of dam-reservoir-foundation were considered. Results show that the distribution of stresses will be critical within dam for heightening case under seismic loads in MCL.
On Adjusting the Load Bearing Capacity of Decisive Members to Reliability Classes of Statically Determinate Complex Structures
Authors: Kowal Z.
Published: April 2014

The paper provides a solution to the problem of dimensioning decisive bars on the basis of the conditions of meeting the recommended reliability classes [9] of statically determinate structures composed of n members. A theorem was formulated: if a statically determinate structure composed of n decisive members is to attain the reliability greater than, or equal to, the recommended reliability p = 1- q, it is necessary and sufficient that the damage frequency sum qi of decisive members is smaller than the admissible damage frequency q of the structure: Σqi < q. On the basis of this theorem, s coefficients that recommend increase of the load bearing capacity of the decisive bars in a statically determinate structure constructed in order to meet the recommended class [9] of the structure reliability, are estimated and presented in a tabular form.
A New Elastic Scheduling Task Model in the Node of a Control and Measurement System
Authors: Miczulski Wiesław , Powroźnik Piotr
Published: April 2014

The paper presents a new elastic scheduling task model which has been used in the uniprocessor node of a control measuring system. This model allows the selection of a new set of periods for the occurrence of tasks executed in the node of a system in the case when it is necessary to perform additional aperiodic tasks or there is a need to change the time parameters of existing tasks. Selection of periods is performed by heuristic algorithms. This paper presents the results of the experimental use of an elastic scheduling model with a GRASP heuristic algorithm.
NOISE SPECTROSCOPY OF RESISTIVE COMPONENTS AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE
Authors: Stadler Adam Witold , Zawiślak Zbigniew , Dziedzic Andrzej , Nowak Damian
Published: April 2014

Studies of electrical properties, including noise properties, of thick-film resistors prepared from various resistive and conductive materials on LTCC substrates have been described. Experiments have been carried out in the temperature range from 300 K up to 650 K using two methods, i.e. measuring (i) spectra of voltage fluctuations observed on the studied samples and (ii) the current noise index by a standard meter, both at constant temperature and during a temperature sweep with a slow rate. The 1/f noise component caused by resistance fluctuations occurred to be dominant in the entire range of temperature. The dependence of the noise intensity on temperature revealed that a temperature change from 300 K to 650 K causes a rise in magnitude of the noise intensity approximately one order of magnitude. Using the experimental data, the parameters describing noise properties of the used materials have been calculated and compared to the properties of other previously studied thick-film materials.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF REFERENCE MEASUREMENTS OF CYLINDRICAL SURFACE ROUNDNESS PROFILES OF LARGE MACHINE COMPONENTS
Authors: Nozdrzykowski Krzysztof , Janecki Dariusz
Published: April 2014

The article presents results of comparative tests performed to verify the conformity of geometric deviation measurements of a crankshaft carried out at a test bed equipped with a system of elastic support with measurements adopted as reference values. A number of simulation tests were carried out with varied shaft support conditions using the proposed measuring system. The selection criteria were established for support parameters. Meeting these criteria guarantees that shaft elastic deflections and strains are eliminated. Consequently, such strains will not affect the estimation of geometrical deviations of the measured object. The comparative evaluation measurement of roundness profiles and values of roundness deviations of main crankshaft bearing journals of a marine medium speed engine was performed using a correlation calculus. The results have revealed high conformity of both determined roundness deviation values and measured profiles compared to the reference ones.
INVESTIGATION OF HEAT TRANSFER IN INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
Authors: Frankiewicz Maciej , Gołda Adam , Kos Andrzej
Published: April 2014

The paper analyzes the phenomenon of heat transfer and its inertia in solids. The influence of this effect on the operation of an integrated circuit is described. The phenomenon is explained using thermal analogy implemented in the Spice environment by an R-C thermal model. Results from the model are verified by some measurements with a chip designed in CMOS 0.7 μm (5 V) technology. The microcontroller-based measurement system structure and experiment results are described.