bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bridging Innovation With Tunnel Field-Effect Transistors
Authors: Devi Swagata , Afre Rakesh A.
Published: September 2024

The advent of tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs) presents a pivotal advancement in the miniaturization and energy efficiency of biomedical devices. This chapter introduces TFETs, a breakthrough for low-power and miniaturized biomedical devices. TFETs use quantum tunneling to switch faster and more efficiently than conventional MOSFETs. TFETs are suitable for implantable devices such as pacemakers, defibrillators, neural interfaces, and health sensors. The authors review the current research on improving TFET performance and reliability. They also address the challenges of bringing TFETs from lab to market, such as regulatory approval and clinical trials. They highlight the need for collaboration among scientists, engineers, doctors, and industry to integrate TFETs into healthcare. They aim to inspire stakeholders to realize the potential of TFETs and to accelerate their clinical adoption for better patient outcomes and global health. The ultimate objective is to improve patient outcomes and advance global healthcare by the integration of TFETs into the next frontier of medical technology.
Improving the Life of 1070 Al Evaporator Tube Failed by the Pitting/Crevice Corrosion Based on Quantum/Transported Life-Stress and Sample Size
Authors: Woo Seongwoo , O'Neal Dennis L. , Hassen Yimer M. , Mebrahtu Gezae M.
Published: September 2024

To resolve the corrosion problem of a low-cost evaporator tube pitted in a household refrigerator, parametric accelerated life testing as a systematized strategy was applied. It included the following: (1) BX life with ALT way, (2) corrosion load modeling, (3) ALTs with revision, and (4) estimation whether the design attained the objective BX lifetime. A quantum/transported life-stress type and sample size were proposed. A case investigation was employed to enhance the lifetime of a household refrigerator whose evaporator tubing was failing corrosion. In the first ALT, this failure was reproduced by ALT equipment. The pitted tubing was determined to be identical to those returned from the marketplace. Using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDX, the trouble came from the chlorine concentration on tape. As action plans, they included: 1) changing the tape from PVC to polyethylene, 2) enlarging a contraction tube, and 3) attaching polyethylene foam. In the 2nd ALT, the lifetime of the refrigerator achieved a lifetime of B1 life 10 years.
Personalized Communication
Authors: Yadav Saloni , Kaur Jaspreet
Published: September 2024

Efficient doctor-patient cooperation is essential for achieving favorable healthcare results. The study examines the capacity of AI-powered solutions to improve individualized communication between medical professionals and patients. AI can utilize sophisticated natural language processing and machine learning methods to examine patient data, preferences, and medical history in order to customize communication strategies. These tools facilitate enhanced appointment scheduling, individualized treatment programs, and proactive health monitoring. Furthermore, artificial intelligence (AI) enhances patient education and involvement, resulting in enhanced compliance with treatment plans and overall health results. By using artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare communication, healthcare practitioners can enhance the delivery of patient-centered care and cultivate more robust doctor-patient relationships.
Design of Smart Antennas and Their Applications
Authors: Gobinath A. , Rajeswari P. , N. Suresh Kumar , Anandan M.
Published: September 2024

This research presents the design and analysis of a novel MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) antenna tailored for 5G applications operating at 28 GHz. The antenna features a compact form factor of 16x16mm and is fabricated on RT Duroid 5880 substrate, renowned for its excellent dielectric properties. Incorporating a U-shaped slot for enhanced performance, the antenna achieves exceptional impedance matching and robust signal transmission capabilities. Through meticulous engineering and optimization, the antenna demonstrates precise impedance matching, ensuring minimal signal loss and maximum power transfer at the desired frequency. The proposed MIMO antenna configuration, comprising five elements, is meticulously designed to facilitate seamless communication and synchronization across the antenna array. Simulation results exhibit a simulated reflection coefficient (S11) of -16 dB at 28 GHz, underscoring the antenna's outstanding performance and suitability for high-frequency applications.
Enhancing Wireless Connectivity Through AI-Driven Antenna Technologies
Authors: Chaudhary Anita
Published: September 2024

In an era marked by the exponential growth of wireless communication technologies, the demand for efficient and reliable connectivity continues to escalate. This chapter examines the paradigm change that comes from combining antenna technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) to improve wireless communication. Antennas may now dynamically adjust to changing network demands, user requirements, and environmental circumstances by utilizing AI-driven techniques like machine learning and deep learning. This chapter explores the novel approaches used to increase spectrum usage, reduce interference, and optimize antenna performance in communication systems through the confluence of electronics, AI, and antenna technology. In order to achieve better wireless communication capabilities, it also covers the use of intelligent antenna arrays, MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) systems, and AI-driven antenna beam forming.
Designing a DC-DC Buck Converter in CMOS 180nm Technology
Authors: Seghyar Otman , El Khadiri Karim , Jamil Mohammed Ouazzani , Qjidaa Hassan , Tahiri Ahmed , Chenoun Driss
Published: September 2024

This chapter presents the DC/DC buck converter and the two commonly control modes (pulse width modulation (PWM) voltage mode control and PWM current mode control). After the theoretical approach, the authors used Cadence Virtuoso 180nm process to design a buck converter that step down from 3.3 V to 1.8 V and with a load current of 500 mA. And to make the feedback control loop effects clear, they compared between those three architectures. With this comparison, they concluded that the CMC buck converter, although difficult to design, gave better results, with an output voltage of 1.84 V and a load current of 514 mA. The settling time is 41 us with a of power efficiency of 81%.
A Dynamic Enhancement of Full-On Chip CMOS LDO Slew-Rate for Battery-Powered Applications
Authors: Zared Kamal , Ameziane Hatim , Qjidaa Hassan
Published: September 2024

A capacitorless low dropout (LDO) voltage regulator with a dynamic enhancement slewrate (DESR) has been presented in this chapter. A new technique based on the active component in CMOS technology has been designed, studied, and integrated on the full-on chip proposed LDO. The proposed technique was designed as a dynamic detection of LDO output voltage variation due to the load current variation or supply voltage variation. The proposed architecture has been simulated in TSLC 0.18μm CMOS process. The settling time of the load regulation response is 1 us with undershoot of 0.44mV/mA for the load capacitance of 100 pF. the results simulation shows that the proposed system is stable under full load (50” ” mA) and no load (0” ” mA) current with phase margin of 76^∘.
Low Dropout Voltage Regulator With TSMC 0.18µm CMOS Technology for Battery Low-Powered Embedded Systems
Authors: Ameziane Hatim , Zared Kamal , Akhmal Hickam , Qjidaa Hassan
Published: September 2024

This chapter presents a new approach to reducing the size of external capacitors in LDO voltage regulators, improving their integration in battery low-powered embedded systems. The conventional LDO architecture is revised by incorporating a new technique into the classic compensation scheme, providing a rapid transient response as well as stability under fluctuating load conditions. The proposed capacitor-less LDO is built and simulated using a 1.8 V power supply and a 0.18μm CMOS technology, with a ground current consumption of only 13μA. The simulated results indicate that the proposed architecture successfully addresses the problems of load transients and stability observed in designs.
Analyzing the Performance of a 5G Silo Slotted Dual-Band Antenna Using an Equivalent Circuit Model
Authors: Aghoutane Bilal , El Ghazaoui Mohammed , El Faylali Hanan , Qjidaa Hassan
Published: September 2024

This study describes a dual-band patch antenna that operates at 28 and 38 giga-hertz, which is suitable for use in 5G networks. The antenna features circular and rectangular slotted structures that are used to modify its radiation pattern and impedance matching characteristics. The proposed antenna is designed on a Roger 5058 substrate with a thickness of 0.38 mm, a relative permittivity of 2.2, and a low loss tangent of 0.0009. The slotted structures create additional resonances that operate at the desired frequencies, increasing the antenna's bandwidth and enabling it to operate at two frequencies simultaneously, 28/38 GHz. While integrating this type of antenna into a mobile phone or other electronic devices may present challenges due to its size and potential interference from other components, these issues can be addressed through advanced simulation and optimization tools. For instance, a smaller antenna with a higher gain may be used, or shielding can be incorporated to reduce interference.
New Compact Microstrip Rectangular Antenna for 28 GHz IoT Applications
Authors: Kabouri Lahcen , El Ghazaoui Mohammed , Halkhams Imane , El Alami Ali
Published: September 2024

5G is the fifth generation of mobile networks that promises to bring a revolutionary change to the way we connect and communicate. With faster speeds, lower latency, and higher capacity, 5G technology is expected to enable a wide range of new applications and services. This chapter presents a microstrip antenna structure designed for 5G applications at the 28 GHz band, based on rectangular shaped slots. By utilizing these slots, the radiation performance of the antenna is improved in terms of adaptation, resonant frequency, gain, and bandwidth. The antenna is designed on a 5.5×4.2 mm2 FR-4 substrate with 𝜀𝑟 of 4.4 and h = 1.6 𝑚𝑚. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed antenna provides a wide bandwidth of approximately 3.4 GHz, a reflection coefficient of about -53.93 dB, and a gain of approximately 5.26 dB across the entire operating band. Due to its compact size and high performance parameters, this proposed antenna structure is a favorable option for 5G applications at the 28 GHz band.
Design of a Smart RFID Tags Antenna Using an Inductively Coupled Loop
Authors: Mejdoub Hanae , El Ghazaoui Mohammed , Qjidaa Hassan , El Alami Rachid
Published: September 2024

The objective of this chapter is to study the performance of the RFID (radio frequency identification) technology and especially the passive UHF RFID (ultra high frequency RFID) tags by means of simulation. In this chapter, the authors discuss the design of a smart RFID tags antenna using an inductively coupled loop at 915 MHz in order to achieve complex impedance matching between the antenna impedance and the chip selected with high performance. The antenna is printed on a Rogers RT/duroid 5880 substrate with a relative permittivity of 2.2 and thickness of 1.575 mm. Studies demonstrate that the inductively coupled loop matching technique is a good candidate to adapt the antenna impedance to chip impedance. They have achieved an adaptation of 99.90%, a very wide bandwidth of 409.6 MHz, a broadside and asymmetrical radiation pattern in the E-plane, a read range of 21.19 m, and an antenna gain of 4.17 dB with the inductively coupled loop matching technique.
Design of a Handheld Button Antenna With an Operating Frequency of 60 GHz in the 5G Millimeter Brand
Authors: Didi Salah-Eddine , Halkhams Imane , Fattah Mohammed , Balboul Younes , Mazer Said , El Bekkali Moulhime
Published: September 2024

In this chapter, the authors propose to design a patch antenna whose shape corresponds to a wearable button and has an operating frequency of 60 GHz in the 5 G millimeter band. This antenna is printed on a polyamide substrate of relative permittivity εr=4.3, loss tangent σ=0.004, thickness 1.6 mm, and radius 5.2 mm. The button's height is a metal layer of thickness BH=0.1” ” mm and radius 3.2” ” mm(BD=6.4” ” mm), which receives a coaxial feed. This antenna produces the best results in terms of reflection coefficient S11=-36.29” ” dB, a bandwidth of 2.15 GHz, a gain of 11 dB, and a directivity of 10.9dB. The realization of millimeter wave antennas is complicated in particular because of their small dimensions. Portable millimeter wave antennas are little explored in the literature. Therefore, the authors propose this antenna.
Analysis and Design of a Rectangular Microstrip Antenna for RFID Applications
Authors: Amraoui Youssef , Halkhams Imane , El Alami Rachid , Jamil Mohammed Ouazzani , Qjidaa Hassan
Published: September 2024

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a non-contact identification technology that employs radio frequency waves. Currently, the use of RFID technology has begun to generalize to a wide variety of application areas: credit cards, biometric passports, security badges, toll booths, secure identification, inventory systems, and so on. This technology allows objects or persons to be detected or remotely identified by sending an RF signal from the reader across the electromagnetic waves to the tag. In turn, the antenna of this tag receives these waves and supplies the chip that interprets the information and sends it to the reader in the same way. The objective of this research is to present a rectangular microstrip antenna operating at 2.4 GHz for radio frequency identification applications. Therefore, the authors start by presenting RFID technology with its various elements (architecture, applications, frequency, etc.), and then they design and simulate a rectangular microstrip antenna for RFID applications with a single slot on the radiated element.
Design of a Bandpass Filter Based on Metamaterials
Authors: El Bakkari Kaoutar , El Ghazaoui Mohammed , El Alami Ali , Qjidaa Hassan
Published: September 2024

This chapter presents a compact bandpass filter design operating at a resonance frequency of 2.4 GHz for wireless communication systems, such as RFID, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and WLAN. The proposed filter utilizes a U-shaped resonator made of metamaterials, printed on a RO6010 substrate with specific material properties. It exhibits high selectivity of 950 MHz bandwidth, low insertion loss of -12 dB, and a small size of (16 × 12) mm2, making it ideal for space-constrained applications. The filter design is straightforward and easy to fabricate, offering a promising solution for practical applications. The use of metamaterials for filter design is a popular research topic due to their unique properties. The proposed filter's encouraging results can pave the way for future research in this area.
Human ACE2 Gene Replacement Mice Support SARS-CoV-2 Viral Replication and Nonlethal Disease Progression
Authors: Thiede Joshua M , Dick Jenna K , Jarjour Nicholas N , Krishna Venkatramana D , Qian Lily , Sangala Jules , Benzow Kellie , Karanjeet Kul , Chin Shine , Rainwater Orion , Cheeran Maxim C-J , Hogquist Kristin A , Jameson Stephen C , Hart Geoffrey T , Bold Tyler D , Koob Michael D
Published: September 2024

Many mouse models of SARS-CoV-2 infection involve expression of the human ACE2 protein, the entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, in mouse tissues. However, most of these models suffer from nonphysiological regulation of ACE2 expression, which can lead to atypically severe infections and aberrant sites of viral replication. In this report, we developed and characterized an ACE2 gene replacement (ACE2-GR) mouse strain in which the mouse Ace2 genomic locus was replaced by the entire human ACE2 gene locus, and we investigated the ability of these animals to respond to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We show that ACE2-GR mice support SARS-CoV-2 viral replication, but, in stark contrast to the widely used K18-hACE2 transgenic model, this infection leads to a mild disease with no detectable involvement of the CNS. Thus, ACE2-GR mice provide a novel, to our knowledge, model to explore immune responses and long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Association between Neural Plasticity and Pain-Related Fear in Chronic Ankle Instability: A Structural Neuroimaging Study
Authors: Zhang Yuwen , Xue Xiao’ao , Guo Guangxin , Cao Rongqian , Yu Le , Tao Weichu , Pan Siqi , Hua Yinghui , Wang He
Published: September 2024

Context

Pain-related movement fear is a contributing factor to residual pain and functional deficits in chronic ankle instability (CAI), but its underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear.

Objectives

We aimed to (1) delineate whether participants with CAI exhibit discernible differences in specific emotion and pain-related brain regions, compared to a healthy control (HC) cohort and (2) explore potential neural mechanisms underlying pain and fear in participants with CAI, with an emphasis on investigating possible associations with pain-related neural plasticity.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

University research laboratory

Patients or Other Participants

28 participants with CAI (17males and 11 females; age: 31.28±6.31 years) and 28 HCs (16 males and 12 females; age: 30.18±7.59 years).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

We analyzed T1 structural imaging data from participants and assessed their fear of movement and pain intensity using the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, respectively. We compared the mean gray matter (GM) density of pain-related area between the two groups and their correlations with the TSK and VAS scores.

Results

In comparison with the HC group, participants with CAI showed a significant decrease in the mean GM density in the prefrontal cortex (Cohen’s d = -0.808) and periaqueductal gray (Cohen’s d = -0.934). In participants with CAI, the mean GM density of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was negatively correlated with the TSK scores (r = -0.531). During intense exercise, the mean GM density of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) was negatively correlated with the VAS scores (r = -0.484). Additionally, TSK scores were positively correlated with VAS scores (r = 0.455).

Conclusions

Our exploratory findings suggest that, in participants with CAI, the atrophy of the PFC and PAG may be associated with pain-related fear. Future clinical diagnosis and treatment for CAI should consider the impact of psychological barriers on functional recovery.
Considerations of Throwing Athletes With Upper Extremity Injury When Completing the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE): A Report From the Athletic Training Practice-Based Research Network
Authors: Huxel Bliven Kellie C. , Bay R. Curtis , Pavelski Kayla A. , Snyder Valier Alison R.
Published: September 2024

Context

The Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) is a widely used patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure that provides an efficient but limited view of patient perceptions of health. Knowledge of what throwing athletes with upper extremity injury consider when answering the SANE would inform score interpretation and increase its value for clinical decision-making in this patient population.

Objective

To investigate the global rating of the SANE and its ability to capture constructs of health reflected in PRO measures that are commonly used in throwing athletes with upper extremity sport-related injury.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Retrospective database review.

Patients or Other Participants

De-identified patient records of baseball and softball athletes diagnosed with upper extremity sport-related injury between October 2009 and June 2021 were reviewed.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Primary outcomes were scores on the SANE; Functional Arm Scale for Throwers total; Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand total; and Global Rating of Daily Activities. The first administration of all PROs that patients completed postinjury was analyzed as a potential predictor of SANE scores. The proportion of variance uniquely accounted for in the SANE by each predictor (R2) variable was estimated.

Results

Fifty-five patients completed PRO measures. The Functional Arm Scale for Throwers total uniquely accounted for 32.9% (P < .001), the Global Rating of Daily Activities uniquely accounted for 11.6% (P < .001), and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand total uniquely accounted for 4.6% (P = .036) of the variance in the SANE score. Overall, the predictors accounted for 49.2% of the variance in the SANE score (P < .001).

Conclusions

Given that the SANE captures multiple constructs of health, it may be useful in gathering a quick, broad view of throwing athletes’ perception of their health. When SANE scores suggest diminished health, then multi-item PROs should be considered to further explore constructs of health most affected.
Health-Promoting Behaviors and Their Associations With Factors Related to Well-Being Among Former National Football League Players: An NFL-LONG Study
Authors: Walton Samuel R. , Carneiro Kevin A. , Smith-Ryan Abbie E. , Stoner Lee , Kerr Zachary Yukio , Brett Benjamin L. , Chandran Avinash , DeFreese J. D. , Mannix Rebekah , Lempke Landon B. , Echemendia Ruben J. , McCrea Michael A. , Guskiewicz Kevin M. , Meehan William P.
Published: September 2024

Context

Understanding former professional football players’ engagement with health-promoting behaviors (physical exercise, high-quality diet, and good sleep hygiene) will be helpful for developing lifestyle interventions to improve their feelings of well-being, a relatively understudied facet of health among this population.

Objective

Examine associations among health-promoting behaviors and subjective outcomes related to well-being among former National Football League (NFL) players.

Design

Cross-sectional.

Setting

Online or hard-copy survey.

Patients or Other Participants

Former NFL players.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Self-reported health-promoting behaviors (exercise frequency, diet quality, and sleep duration and disturbance) and factors related to well-being (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System - Meaning and Purpose [MP], Self-Efficacy, and Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities [SRA]). Multivariable linear regression models were fit for each well-being-related factor with health-promoting behaviors as explanatory variables alongside select demographic, behavioral, and functional covariates. Models were fit for the full sample and separately for individual age groups: <30 years, 30 to 39 years, 40 to 49 years, 50 to 59 years, 60 to 69 years, and 70+ years.

Results

A total of 1784 former NFL players (aged 52.3 ± 16.3 years) completed the survey. Lower sleep disturbance was associated with better MP (β [standard error] = –0.196 [0.024]), Self-Efficacy (β [standard error] = –0.185 [0.024]), and SRA (β [standard error]= –0.137 [0.017]) in the full sample and almost all the individual age groups. More frequent moderate-to-vigorous exercise was associated with higher MP (β [standard error] = 0.068 [0.025]) and SRA (β [standard error] = 0.151 [0.065]) in the full sample and with better MP, Self-Efficacy, and SRA among select middle-aged groups (between 40 and 69 years old). Diet quality, resistance training exercise frequency, other wellness activity frequency, and sleep duration were not associated with well-being-related factors in the full group, and sparse significant associations were observed in individual age group models.

Conclusion

Lower sleep disturbance and more frequent moderate-to-vigorous exercise frequency may be important targets for improving overall health and well-being among former NFL players.
The Hand Patient: Volar Ganglion of the wrist
Authors: Mennen U.
Published: September 2024

No abstract available.
Psisform-Trisuetrum Osreo-Arthritis
Authors: Mennen U.
Published: September 2024

No abstract available.
Making sense of statistics for family practitioner The "Chi-square test" - getting it right
Authors: Ogunbanjo Gboyego A. , Durrheim David N.
Published: September 2024

No abstract available.
An application of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and golden circle in entrepreneurship education
Authors: Thetsane Regina M. , Meyer Dario , Chambwe Michael
Published: September 2024

Background: Entrepreneurship education has become an important issue worldwide, originating mainly in the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK). Different methods have been used to teach entrepreneurship, often without considering local circumstances, which is particularly important in sub-Saharan Africa with its diverse cultures. Therefore, comparing the impact of cultural differences in teaching entrepreneurship education in Western Europe and sub-Saharan African countries is crucial to overcoming such challenges.Aim: This article aims to compare the impact of cultural differences in teaching entrepreneurship education in Western Europe and sub-Saharan African countries with the aim of designing appropriate entrepreneurship education programmes and approaches to the specific cultural contexts.Setting: The study compares the impact of cultural differences in Western Europe (US and UK) and sub-Saharan African countries.Methods: A literature review descriptive study of the impact of cultural differences in teaching entrepreneurship education in Western Europe and sub-Saharan Africa was adopted. Secondary analysis using Hofstede’s cultural dimensions’ model was used for analysis.Results: The main cultural differences are in the dimensions of individualism versus collectivism and power distance. Incorporating team-based learning and focusing on business ideas with a positive collective impact in sub-Saharan Africa can lead to more effective entrepreneurship education.Conclusion: It is crucial to adapt entrepreneurship education approaches to the specific cultural contexts of regions. Using a framework with four guide questions for whom, why, what and how can support the development of programmes.Contribution: Future education programmes can be designed based on a proposed golden circle.
A convenient research strategy for functional verification of epigenetic regulators during spermatogenesis
Authors: Li Shan , Yuan Ying , Zhang Ke-Yu , Guo Yi-Dan , Wang Lu-Tong , Zhang Xiao-Yuan , Zhang Shu , Yan Qi , Zhang Rong , Chen Jie , Yang Feng-Tang , Li Jing-Rui
Published: September 2024

Spermatogenesis is a fundamental process that requires a tightly controlled epigenetic event in spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). The mechanisms underlying the transition from SSCs to sperm are largely unknown. Most studies utilize gene knockout mice to explain the mechanisms. However, the production of genetically engineered mice is costly and time-consuming. In this study, we presented a convenient research strategy using an RNA interference (RNAi) and testicular transplantation approach. Histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation was dynamically regulated during spermatogenesis. As Jumonji domain-containing protein 1A (JMJD1A) and Jumonji domain-containing protein 2C (JMJD2C) demethylases catalyze histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2), we firstly analyzed the expression profile of the two demethylases and then investigated their function. Using the convenient research strategy, we showed that normal spermatogenesis is disrupted due to the downregulated expression of both demethylases. These results suggest that this strategy might be a simple and alternative approach for analyzing spermatogenesis relative to the gene knockout mice strategy.
Case report of idiopathic scapular dyskinesia: Revisiting involuntary scapular movements from a neurologist’s perspective
Authors: Chouksey Anjali , Majigoudra Ganeshgouda
Published: September 2024

Scapular dyskinesia, one of the rare forms of focal dyskinesia, is usually considered a peripheral induced movement disorder (PIMD), occurring in the background of previous trauma or surgery. Different terms are used interchangeably with scapular dyskinesia, many of which are misleading. In this article, we present 2 cases of patients with abnormal involuntary scapular movement suggestive of scapular dyskinesia. In both cases, there is no history of preceding trauma or surgical intervention. We will review the literature and try to understand the fundamental difference between the various terms used for abnormal scapular movement in literature. Our cases highlight the difference between the two commonly used terms for scapular movement, i.e., scapular dyskinesia and scapular dyskinesis. We further suggest that shoulder girdle dyskinesia should be preferred over scapular dyskinesia. Although scapular dyskinesia is often considered PIMD, not all cases of scapular dyskinesia are peripherally induced.
Safety and Efficacy Evaluation of PerkinRA in Comparison with Kineret in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Patients
Authors: Mirzaee Azadeh Zeinab , Sadeghi Setayesh , Shiari Reza , Ziaee Vahid , Karagah Amirhossein , Sinaei Reza , Ghotbabadi Shabnam Hajiani , Tahghighi Fatemeh , Fathi Mohammad Reza , Shirvani Armin , Miremarati Aye , Ghasemi Leila , Rahmani Khosro , Araghi Shahram , Parvaneh Vadood Javadi , Jaffaraghaei Morteza , Mohammadkarim Alireza
Published: September 2024

Background:

Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) is marked with arthritis and several features of systemic inflammation, including fever, rashes, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and serositis. Interleukin-1 receptor blockers have been used as one of the most effective biologics for the treatment of resistant types of disease. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PerkinRA in comparison with Kineret in patients with sJIA.

Methods:

This was a double-blind, randomized clinical trial conducted on 72 patients with sJIA. The patients were enrolled based on the 2018 International League of Associations for Rheumatology criteria and were treated at the outpatient clinic of Mofid Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Medical Center, and four other centers between February 2020 and March 2021. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to one of two treatment groups: one group received PerkinRA (manufactured by Persis Gene, n = 36), while the other group received Kineret (manufactured by SOBI, n = 36). The primary outcome measure was the proportion of patients achieving an American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 30, ACR 50, and ACR 70 response. Secondary outcomes included changes in vital signs, incidence of adverse events, clinical laboratory assessments, and findings from physical examinations. These parameters were evaluated at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks after the first injection, and the two treatment groups were compared.

Results:

A total of 35 patients in the PerkinRA group and 32 patients in the Kineret group were included in the final analysis. The results showed no clinically significant differences between the two treatment groups. Patients in both the PerkinRA and Kineret groups achieved similar proportions of ACR 30, ACR 50, and ACR 70 responses over the 6-month evaluation period.

Conclusion:

Based on the findings of this study, the two investigational medications, PerkinRA and Kineret, demonstrated comparable efficacy in the treatment of sJIA. The two treatment groups showed no significant differences in the primary and secondary outcomes assessed. Therefore, it can be concluded that PerkinRA and Kineret are noninferior to each other for the management of sJIA.
Assessment of the Potential Impact of Mycophenolate Mofetil on Lowering Renal Biomarkers in Patients with Class III Lupus Nephritis: A Pilot Study to Predict Renal Function Progress
Authors: Mohammed Nadia H. , Al-Taie Anmar , Al-Sultany Fadia H.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a potentially severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an oral immunosuppressive agent used in lupus patients who are intolerant of or refractory to other conventional therapies. The aim of this study was to assess the potential effect of MMF on lowering some biomarkers as a predictive of renal function in patients with Class III LN.

Methods:

This was a single-center, prospective cohort study that enrolled patients with Class III LN who received 2 g/day of oral MMF. The potential impact of MMF on renal biomarkers was evaluated at baseline and subsequently at 3-month intervals for 6 months according to changes in antinuclear antibodies (ANA), antidouble stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (anti-dsDNA), elastase α-1 proteinase inhibitor (α-1 PI), proteinuria, and the urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (P/C ratio).

Results:

A significant decrease over the course of MMF treatment compared to the baseline regarding ANA (1.37 ± 0.47 vs. 2.90 ± 1.05, P = 0.03); anti-dsDNA (23.39 ± 3.19 vs. 39.91 ± 8.1 IU/mL, P = 0.02); elastase α-1 PI (512.4 ± 74.12 vs. 696.35 ± 105.35 ng/mL, P = 0.03); proteinuria (0.25 ± 0.44 vs. 1.95 ± 0.76 g/24 h., P = 0.01); and P/C ratio (0.20 ± 0.22 vs. 1.37 ± 0.26, P = 0.04).

Conclusion:

MMF is effective in lowering renal biomarkers of Class III LN revealed by a significant reduction in ANA, anti-dsDNA, elastase α-1 PI, proteinuria, and P/C ratio over 6 months of MMF treatment.
Seroprevalence and Clinical Profile of Leptospirosis and Scrub Typhus in Clinically Suspected Patients at a Tertiary Care Center: A Retrospective Study from Theni, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Ramlingam Gopinath , Muthukumar Arundadhi , Aridass Dhanasezhian , Ganesan Sucila Thangam
Published: September 2024

Background:

Leptospirosis and Scrub typhus are zoonotic illnesses that are found worldwide. Scrub typhus is a rickettsial infection caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and spread through the biting of a mite’s chigger. Leptospirosis is an anthropozoonotic illness that can be found anywhere but is most common in tropical and subtropical areas. In this study, we report the seroprevalence of Scrub typhus and Leptospirosis with relation to demographic factors in clinically suspected patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Theni, Tamil Nadu.

Methods:

This is a retrospective study in which 9574 serum samples from clinically suspected cases were collected from January 2018 to December 2023 and tested for immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies for Scrub typhus using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and rapid test. A blood sample was taken from each patient, and an IgM ELISA was performed to make the diagnosis. The ELISA cut-off was determined.

Results:

In this study, 9574 probable cases, 4306 were examined for Leptospira IgM ELISA and 5268 for Scrub typhus IgM ELISA. Out of 4306 suspected Leptospira cases, 167 (3.8%) were positive and 485 (9.2%) were positive in 5268 suspected Scrub typhus cases. The bulk of Leptospirosis and Scrub typhus cases were in the 21–40 years’ age range, followed by the 0–20 years’ age range. Males were found to have higher seroprevalence (57.1%) than females (42.9%).

Conclusions:

Scrub typhus and leptospirosis are developing infections, and prompt treatment can save many lives. It is strongly advised to take a programmatic approach to the prevention, control, and management of these developing diseases.
Polymorphisms in MicroRNA Biogenesis Genes and the Risk of Preeclampsia in Jordan
Authors: Makhlouf Sahar Jawad , Khabour Omar Falah , Rawashdeh Hasan Mohammad , Sakee Baraa Layth
Published: September 2024

Background:

Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious pregnancy condition with a complex etiology involving both environmental and genetic factors. This study investigated the association between polymorphisms in the microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis genes DICER (rs3742330) and RAN (rs14035) and the risk of PE among Jordanian women.

Methods:

A total of 224 pregnant Jordanian women were recruited. Genotypes of rs3742330 and rs14035 were determined using polymerase chain reaction techniques. This was a cross-sectional case–control study conducted in Jordan. Genotype and allele frequencies were compared using Chi-square tests, and hematological parameters were compared using t-tests.

Results:

The G allele and AG/GG genotypes of rs3742330 were more frequent in the PE group than controls (P < 0.05). However, no association was found between rs14035 and PE. Higher body mass index (BMI) was associated with increased PE risk (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The DICER rs3742330 polymorphism and increased BMI were associated with PE in Jordanian pregnant women. This suggests that genetic variations in miRNA biogenesis pathways may contribute to the development of PE.
Multidrug-resistant Organism and Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns, before, during, and after the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in the Dr. M. Djamil Central General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia
Authors: Fadrian Fadrian , Linosefa Linosefa , Ahmad Armen , Simanjuntak Rohayat Bilmahdi , Aisy Rohadatul
Published: September 2024

Background:

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted the prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). This study aimed to investigate the MDRO incidence and antibiotic sensitivity trends before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic at Dr. M. Djamil Central General Hospital in Padang, Indonesia.

Methods:

A total of 5539 clinical samples were collected and analyzed using the VITEK2 system to identify MDRO types. The study periods were defined as before (prepandemic), during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results:

The incidence of MDROs increased significantly during and after the pandemic, with 1.64 and 1.42 times higher rates compared to the prepandemic period, respectively. Specific MDRO types that showed increased prevalence included Escherichia coli-producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (Eco-ESBL), carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), carbapenem-resistant E. coli (CREC), carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Antibiotic sensitivity decreased during and after the pandemic for K. pneumoniae-producing ESBL s, CRKP, and CRAB, as well as for CREC and CRPA during the pandemic. In contrast, antibiotic sensitivity increased for Eco-ESBL and MRSA during and after the pandemic.

Conclusion:

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly contributed to the increased incidence of MDROs and decreased antibiotic effectiveness against these pathogens in the study setting. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive infection control measures and antimicrobial stewardship programs to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on MDRO epidemiology.
Identification and Evaluation of Survival-associated Common Chemoresistant Genes in Cancer
Authors: Patel Mansi , Singh Pratik , Gandupalli Lithip , Gupta Reeshu
Published: September 2024

Background:

Chemoresistance is a major challenge in the effective treatment of cancer patients. This study aimed to identify common chemoresistance-associated genes that impact cancer survival.

Methods:

RNA-sequencing datasets for colorectal cancer (CRC) and ovarian cancer (OC) were analyzed using the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database and R Studio. Survival analysis was conducted using patient data from the cBioPortal database, where patients were stratified into high- and low-risk groups based on gene expression levels. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to compare the binding energies of inhibitors targeting the identified genes.

Results:

Six common chemoresistance-associated genes were identified in both CRC and OC: cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), inhibitor of differentiation (ID1), DUSP6, c-JUN, PLA2G2A, and SKP2. The expression of these genes was also evaluated in chemosensitive and chemoresistant oral cancer samples. Survival analysis revealed that high expression of CDK2 and ID1 significantly reduced the disease-free survival (DFS) of CRC and oral cancer patients with Grade II, III, or IV tumors. Conversely, low expression of ID1 was associated with reduced DFS in OC patients. Molecular simulations showed that the inhibitors dinaciclib (for CDK2) and vinblastine (for ID1) had higher binding energies compared to other inhibitors.

Conclusion:

The present study highlights the significance of CDK2 and ID1 as important mediators of chemoresistance and their potential as therapeutic targets to improve the survival of cancer patients exhibiting drug resistance.
Comparison of American Thyroid Association and Conventional Criteria in Diagnosing Hypothyroidism among Pregnant Ladies Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Dutta Mita , Islam Mohammad Aminul , Tabassum Maliha , Islam Md. Shafikul , Rezwana Israt , Sumyia Umme , Ghosh Parijat , Afsana Faria , Amin Md. Feroz , Pathan Md. Faruque
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

There is continuing debate regarding universal screening, the use of a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) cutoff value, and levothyroxine replacement in frequently encountered issues like subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy. The study was intended to compare the American Thyroid Association (ATA)-2011 defined trimester-specific TSH with conventional TSH values in the diagnosis of newly detected hypothyroidism in pregnancy, as there are no trimester-specific reference ranges of TSH in Bangladesh.

Methods:

This cross-sectional, observational study enrolled 175 pregnant women recruited by convenient sampling from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, BIRDEM General Hospital. As per the study protocol, investigations were advised. TSH, free thyroxine, and antithyroid antibodies were tested using the chemiluminescent technique. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 25. Nonparametric tests were chosen for statistical analysis.

Results:

The majority (53%) of the participants, were 30 years of age or younger. Using the ATA-2011 defined trimester-specific reference ranges of TSH, 32% had hypothyroidism. While using the conventional criteria (TSH – 0.4–4 mIU/L), hypothyroidism was diagnosed in 20.6% of cases.

Conclusions:

There is statistically significant discordance in diagnosing hypothyroidism in pregnancy between the two criteria.
Modulation of Neurotransmission by Acid-Sensing Ion Channels
Authors: Wu Pu-Yeh , Lien Cheng-Chang
Published: September 2024

Interstitial pH fluctuations occur normally in the brain and significantly modulate neuronal functions. Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), which serve as neuronal acid chemosensors, play important roles in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. However, the specific mechanisms by which ASICs influence neurotransmission remain elusive. Here, we report that ASICs modulate transmitter release and axonal excitability at a glutamatergic synapse in the rat and mouse hippocampus. Blocking ASIC1a channels with the tarantula peptide psalmotoxin 1 down-regulates basal transmission and alters short-term plasticity. Notably, the effect of psalmotoxin 1 on ASIC-mediated modulation is age-dependent, occurring only during a limited postnatal period (postnatal weeks 2–6). This finding suggests that protons, through the activation of ASICs, may act as modulators in synapse formation and maturation during early development.
The Flip and Fix internal limiting flap technique versus the classic temporal flap for macular hole repair
Authors: Abou Shousha Mohsen , Lolah Mohamed M , Ahmed Islam S H
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

To describe a novel technique of macular hole (MH) repair and compare it to the perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL)-assisted temporal internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap technique.

Methods:

Twenty-two eyes of 22 patients with MH were randomized on a 1:1 basis into two groups. Group A cases were treated using the Flip and Fix technique, in which the single-layer ILM flap was flipped, flattened over the macula using PFCL, and fixed in place using two drops of autologous nonheparinized blood over the superonasal and inferonasal edges of the flap (away from the MH center). Group B patients had the classic temporal ILM flap technique without using the PFCL or autologous blood. All patients were followed up for a period of 6 months after the surgery.

Results:

No significant difference was observed in initial and final visual acuities between Groups A and B. Intraoperative flap displacement did not occur in Group A and occurred in two eyes in Group B (18.2%). One of them showed failed MH closure and required reoperation. These two cases had a final (W shape) MH closure and a worse final vision than the remaining cases, which had either a U shape or V shape final MH closure.

Conclusions:

The study results show that the Flip and Fix technique is as effective as the PFCL-assisted temporal ILM flap technique and is associated with less ILM flap displacement risk for the repair of macular holes.
Rupture of liver myelolipoma in a patient who underwent mitral valve replacement 16 years ago: A case report
Authors: Sayar Ufuk , Küçük Hatice
Published: September 2024

Myelolipoma is a rarely encountered benign tumour of the liver. Patients may be asymptomatic or may present with clinical signs such as silent hepatomegaly, pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, and anorexia. The patient, who had a history of mitral valve replacement, had been on warfarin for 16 years. The pain, which began in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen two days ago, has since spread to the entire abdomen. The patient, who was in hypovolemic shock, underwent an exploratory laparotomy with a preliminary diagnosis of bleeding. During the procedure, a ruptured mass in the liver was incidentally discovered. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations revealed that the mass consisted of fat and bone marrow cells, leading to a definitive diagnosis of myelolipoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of spontaneous rupture of a liver myelolipoma in the literature.
Clinico-pathological association of BCL2 in invasive breast carcinoma: A study from tertiary care health centre in Northern India
Authors: Tiwari Sarjana , Kaur Kanwalpreet
Published: September 2024

Background:

B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) is an antiapoptotic protein and an important clinical breast cancer prognostic marker. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the BCL2 expression and clinico-pathological parameters in breast cancer.

Materials and Methods:

Present study is observational cross-sectional study of 100 biopsy proven cases of breast cancer, and cases with resection specimens were included. IHC analyses for ER, PR, Her2neu, Ki67 and Bcl2 were performed in each case.

Results:

Bcl2 expression was seen in 52% cases. BCL2-positive expression was associated with lower histological grade (0.026), low Ki-67 level (<14%, P < 0.001), hormone receptor positivity (P < 0.001) and luminal breast cancer (P < 0.001) but no association with tumour size, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion and TNM stage.

Conclusion:

Expression of Bcl-2, an antiapoptotic protein, is associated with low-grade, slowly proliferating, luminal A-type BC. IHC analysis of Bcl-2 is simple, inexpensive, readily available test to stratify early-stage hormone-positive patients who can be included in clinical trials for Bcl-2 inhibitors.