bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High‐dose chemotherapy for relapsed germ cell tumours: outcomes in low‐volume specialized centres
Authors: Connolly Elizabeth A. , Weickhardt Andrew , Grimison Peter , Asher Rebecca , Heller Gillian Z. , Lewin Jeremy , Liow Elizabeth , Toner Guy , Tung Iris L.Y. , Tran Ben , Hill Sean , Walpole Euan , McKenzie Jane , Kuchel Anna , Goh Jeffrey , Forgeson Garry , Tan Alvin , Joshi Abhishek , Wickham Alistair , Tan Hsiang , Wang Yang , Winstanley Mark A. , Hamad Nada , Wong Vanessa
Published: March 2022

Objective

To report treatment patterns and survival outcomes of patients with relapsed and refractory metastatic germ cell tumours (GCTs) treated with high‐dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and autologous stem‐cell transplantation in low‐volume specialized centres within the widely dispersed populations of Australia and New Zealand between 1999 and 2019.

Patients and Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 111 patients across 13 institutions. Patients were identified from the Australasian Bone Marrow Transplant Recipient Registry. We reviewed treatment regimens, survival outcomes, deliverability and toxicities. Primary endpoints included overall (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS). Cox proportional hazards models were used to test the association of survival outcomes with patient and treatment factors.

Results

The median (range) age was 30 (14–68) years and GCT histology was non‐seminomatous in 84% of patients. International Prognostic Factors Study Group (IPFSG) prognostic risk category was very low/low, intermediate, high and very high in 18%, 36%, 25% and 21% of patients, respectively. Salvage conventional‐dose chemotherapy (CDCT) was administered prior to HDCT in 59% of patients. Regimens included paclitaxel, ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide (50%), carboplatin and etoposide (CE; 28%), carboplatin, etoposide and ifosfamide (CEI; 6%), carboplatin, etoposide and cyclophosphamide (CEC; 5%), CEC‐paclitaxel (6%) and other (5%). With a median follow‐up of 4.4 years, the 1‐, 2‐ and 5‐year PFS rates were 62%, 57% and 52%, respectively, and OS rates were 73%, 65% and 61%, respectively. There were five treatment‐related deaths. Progression on treatment occurred in 17%. In a univariable analysis, worse International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) and IPFSG prognostic groups were associated with inferior survival outcomes. An association of inferior survival was not found with the number of high‐dose cycles received nor when HDCT was delivered after salvage CDCT.

Conclusion

This large dual‐national registry‐based study reinforces the efficacy and deliverability of HDCT for relapsed and refractory metastatic GCT in low‐volume specialized centres in Australia and New Zealand, with survival outcomes comparable to those found in international practice.
Parental sensitivity and child behavioral problems: A meta‐analytic review
Authors: Cooke Jessica E. , Deneault Audrey‐Ann , Devereux Chloe , Eirich Rachel , Fearon R. M. Pasco , Madigan Sheri
Published: March 2022

Meta‐analytic associations between observed parental sensitivity and child behavioral problems were examined (children aged 0–17 years). Studies (k = 108, N = 28,114) contained sociodemographically diverse samples, primarily from North America and Europe, reporting on parent‐child dyads (95% mothers; 54% boys). Sensitivity significantly related to internalizing (k = 69 studies; N = 14,729; r = −.08, 95% CI [−.12, −.05]) and externalizing (k = 94; N = 25,418; r = −.14, 95% CI [−.17, −.11]) problems, with stronger associations found for externalizing. For internalizing problems, associations were significantly stronger among samples with low socioeconomic status (SES) versus mid‐high SES, in peer‐reviewed versus unpublished dissertations, and in studies using composite versus single scale sensitivity measures. No other moderators emerged as significant.
Cutaneous malakoplakia with verruciform xanthoma in the same lesion
Authors: Xu Zhijun , Pei Xiaoping , Huang Lining , Xue Ruzeng
Published: March 2022

Cutaneous malakoplakia (CM) is a rare, chronic, granulomatous disease characterized histopathologically by Michaelis–Gutmann bodies (MGB). Verruciform xanthoma (VX) is a rare, benign lesion characterized histopathologically by epithelial papillomatous hyperplasia, local hyperkeratosis with incomplete keratosis, infiltration of foam cells and inflammatory cells in the papillary dermis. We present an elderly Chinese man with CM and coexisting VX with histological confirmation of MGB.
Phylogeny and biogeography of the northern temperate genus Dracocephalum s.l. (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Chen Ya‐Ping , Turdimatovich Turginov Orzimat , Nuraliev Maxim S. , Lazarević Predrag , Drew Bryan T. , Xiang Chun‐Lei
Published: March 2022

The northern temperate genus Dracocephalum consists of approximately 70 species mainly distributed in the steppe‐desert biomes of Central and West Asia and the alpine region of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP). Previous work has shown that Dracocephalum is not monophyletic and might include Hyssopus and Lallemantia. This study attempts to clarify the phylogenetic relationships, diversification patterns, and the biogeographical history of the three genera (defined as Dracocephalum s.l.). Based on a sampling of 66 taxa comprising more than 80% from extant species of Dracocephalum s.l., morphological, phylogenetic (maximum parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian inference based on nuclear ITS and ETS, plastid rpl32‐trnL, trnL‐trnF, ycf1, and ycf1‐rps15, and two low‐copy nuclear markers AT3G09060 and AT1G09680), molecular dating, diversification, and ancestral range estimation analyses were carried out. Our results demonstrate that both Hyssopus and Lallemantia are embedded within Dracocephalum and nine well‐supported clades can be recognized within Dracocephalum s.l. Analyses of divergence times suggest that the genus experienced an early rapid radiation during the middle to late Miocene with major lineages diversifying within a relatively narrow timescale. Ancestral area reconstruction analyses indicate that Dracocephalum s.l. originated in Central and West Asia and southern Siberia, and dispersed from Central and West Asia into the QTP and adjacent areas twice independently during the Pliocene. The aridification of the Asian interior possibly promoted the rapid radiation of Dracocephalum within this region, and the uplift of the QTP appears to have triggered the dispersal and recent rapid diversification of the genus in the QTP and adjacent regions. Combining molecular phylogenetic and morphological evidence, a revised infrageneric classification of Dracocephalum s.l. is proposed, which recognizes nine sections within the genus.
Effects of skin washing frequency on the epidermal barrier function and inflammatory processes of the epidermis: An experimental study
Authors: Symanzik Cara , Kezic Sanja , Jakasa Ivone , Skudlik Christoph , John Swen Malte , Brans Richard , Sonsmann Flora Karla
Published: March 2022

Background

Increased hand hygiene measures during the COVID‐19 pandemic have led to an increased quantum of hand eczema (HE).

Objectives

To examine the effects of varying washing frequencies using current mild cleansing agents—alongside with the effect of a rehydrating cream—on the epidermal barrier function and inflammatory processes of the stratum corneum(SC).

Methods

Standardized skin washings on the volar aspects of the lower arms of skin‐healthy volunteers were performed using the automated cleansing device either 5 or 11 times within 4 h for 60 s each with a standard cleanser, a lipid‐containing syndet, or a lipid‐containing syndet followed by one‐time application of a rehydrating cream. Skin bioengineering parameters (transepidermal water loss, SC hydration, erythema, and SC pH) and biochemical/immunological parameters (interleukin‐1α, interleukin‐1α receptor antagonist and natural moisturizing factor) of SCsamples collected by tape stripping were assessed.

Results

All applied washing procedures provided comparable, mild effects on the epidermal barrier function and skin inflammation.

Conclusion

Occupational skin cleansers seem to have improved regarding skin barrier damaging effects. To further corroborate this, a study design, modified on the basis of our findings, applying longer washing periods for consecutive days seems desirable.
Priority conservation areas for Cedrus atlantica in the Atlas Mountains, Morocco
Authors: Cheddadi Rachid , Taberlet Pierre , Boyer Frédéric , Coissac Eric , Rhoujjati Ali , Urbach Davnah , Remy Cécile , Khater Carla , el Antry Salwa , Aoujdad Jalila , Carré Matthieu , Ficetola Gentile Francesco
Published: March 2022

Assessing biodiversity loss and species extinction is necessary to warn society and raise awareness of the impacts of ongoing climate change. Prioritizing protected areas is the pragmatic and applicable management measure under the pressure of ongoing climate change and limited resources to conserve species at risk of extinction. We developed a novel conservation index (CI) to prioritize areas and populations of an endangered mountain tree species that need protection in the face of ongoing climate change, as conservation of all populations may not be realistic. This CI integrates (1) mountain topography to identify potential refugial areas with suitable microclimates, (2) genetic diversity to assess the adaptive capacity of local populations, and (3) hypothetical climate change in the species' range. We applied this CI to Atlas cedar, an endemic and threatened species whose populations are scattered throughout the Moroccan mountains. This index provided a scale for 33 populations studied and suggests that genetically diverse populations located in rugged areas where future local climate may overlap with their current climatic niche should receive a higher conservation priority. This index may also be applicable to other mountain species with scattered populations and is likely to be more accurate if more precise climate data are used at the microrefugia scale.
Clinical and genetic characteristics of late‐onset Huntington's disease in a large European cohort
Authors: Petracca Martina , Di Tella Sonia , Solito Marcella , Zinzi Paola , Lo Monaco Maria Rita , Di Lazzaro Giulia , Calabresi Paolo , Silveri Maria Caterina , Bentivoglio Anna Rita
Published: March 2022

Background and purpose

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant condition caused by CAG‐triplet repeat expansions. CAG‐triplet repeat expansion is inversely correlated with age of onset in HD and largely determines the clinical features. The aim of this study was to examine the phenotypic and genotypic correlates of late‐onset HD (LoHD) and to determine whether LoHD is a more benign expression of HD.

Methods

This was a retrospective observational study of 5053 White European HD patients from the ENROLL‐HD database. Sociodemographic, genetic and phenotypic variables at baseline evaluation of subjects with LoHD, common‐onset HD (CoHD) and young‐onset HD (YoHD) were compared. LoHD subjects were compared with healthy subjects (HS) aged ≥60 years. Differences between the CoHD and LoHD groups were also explored in subjects with 41 CAG triplets, a repeat number in the lower pathological expansion range associated with wide variability in age at onset.

Results

Late‐onset HD presented predominantly as motor‐onset disease, with a lower prevalence of both psychiatric history and current symptomatology. Absent/unknown HD family history was significantly more common in the LoHD group (31.2%) than in the other groups. The LoHD group had more severe motor and cognitive deficits than the HS group. Subjects with LoHD and CoHD with 41 triplets in the larger allele were comparable with regard to cognitive impairment, but those with LoHD had more severe motor disorders, less problematic behaviors and more often an unknown HD family history.

Conclusions

It is likely that cognitive disorders and motor symptoms of LoHD are at least partly age‐related and not a direct expression of the disease. In addition to CAG‐triplet repeat expansion, future studies should investigate the role of other genetic and environmental factors in determining age of onset.
Linking ecological niche models and common garden experiments to predict phenotypic differentiation in stressful environments: Assessing the adaptive value of marginal populations in an alpine plant
Authors: Morente‐López Javier , Kass Jamie M. , Lara‐Romero Carlos , Serra‐Diaz Josep M. , Soto‐Correa José Carmen , Anderson Robert P. , Iriondo José M.
Published: March 2022

Environmental variation within a species’ range can create contrasting selective pressures, leading to divergent selection and novel adaptations. The conservation value of populations inhabiting environmentally marginal areas remains in debate and is closely related to the adaptive potential in changing environments. Strong selection caused by stressful conditions may generate novel adaptations, conferring these populations distinct evolutionary potential and high conservation value under climate change. On the other hand, environmentally marginal populations may be genetically depauperate, with little potential for new adaptations to emerge. Here, we explored the use of ecological niche models (ENMs) linked with common garden experiments to predict and test for genetically determined phenotypic differentiation related to contrasting environmental conditions. To do so, we built an ENM for the alpine plant Silene ciliata in central Spain and conducted common garden experiments, assessing flowering phenology changes and differences in leaf cell resistance to extreme temperatures. The suitability patterns and response curves of the ENM led to the predictions that: (1) the environmentally marginal populations experiencing less snowpack and higher minimum temperatures would have delayed flowering to avoid risks of late‐spring frosts and (2) those with higher minimum temperatures and greater potential evapotranspiration would show enhanced cell resistance to high temperatures to deal with physiological stress related to desiccation and heat. The common garden experiments revealed the expected genetically based phenotypic differentiation in flowering phenology. In contrast, they did not show the expected differentiation for cell resistance, but these latter experiments had high variance and hence lower statistical power. The results highlight ENMs as useful tools to identify contrasting putative selective pressures across species ranges. Linking ENMs with common garden experiments provides a theoretically justified and practical way to study adaptive processes, including insights regarding the conservation value of populations inhabiting environmentally marginal areas under ongoing climate change.
Long‐term within‐season changes in the diet of Common Guillemot (Uria aalge) chicks at a North Sea colony: implications for dietary monitoring
Authors: Harris Michael P. , Albon Steve D. , Newell Mark A. , Gunn Carrie , Daunt Francis , Wanless Sarah
Published: March 2022

Over four decades (1982–2019) there were pronounced within‐season changes in the proportion of a key prey species (Lesser Sandeel Ammodytes marinus) in Common Guillemot Uria aalge chick diet. As Sandeels became scarcer their occurrence was largely confined to the early part of the chick period. Consequently, the mean annual proportion of Sandeels was poorly estimated if sampling occurred within a short time window, particularly if this was early or late in the season. Within‐season variation is rarely considered in diet monitoring but our results highlight the need for further analyses across other species and sites to develop a deeper understanding of how best to optimize sampling protocols.
Effect of lactosucrose on the evaluation of visual appearance, texture, water mobility, microstructure and inhibition of staling in wheat bread
Authors: Zhang Miaomiao , Xiao Shensheng , Gong Aqiong , Liu Xiaorong , Wu Yan , Du Jing , Ding Wenping , Fu Yang , Wang Xuedong
Published: March 2022

Starch retrogradation occurred in the process of storage of bread, resulting in a decreased product quality. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of lactosucrose on bread baking and anti‐staling properties. The results showed that the addition of lactosucrose increased the specific volume and slice cell number with a higher air holding capacity. The kinetic equation showed that lactosucrose reduced the rate constant value. Besides, the long‐ and short‐range ordered structure showed that the incorporation of lactosucrose retarded the crystallisation rate, in which the water migration was delayed. This effect was also evident on the microstructure, indicating that lactosucrose could improve the quality of bread and delay the staling of bread, which provided new insights for the baking industry.
Effects of partial substitution of potato flour on cooking characteristics, texture properties and in vitro starch digestibility of fresh extruded rice‐shaped kernels
Authors: Li Lu , Li Xuejin , Li Dandan , Liu Zhenyuan , Yan Yiming , Chen Lan , Li Xihong
Published: March 2022

Effects of partial substitution of potato flour (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%) for rice flour on cooking characteristics, textural properties and in vitro starch digestibility of fresh extruded rice‐shaped kernels (FER). With the increase in potato flour content, the water absorption index (WAI) increased gradually, the water solubility index (WSI) decreases gradually. Hardness, elasticity, adhesion and chewiness first increased and then decreased. When the potato flour content was 30%, the peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown viscosity, final viscosity and setback viscosity of the pasting test were 325, 168, 157, 312 and 144 cp, respectively. The WAI of the cooking test was 7.50 g g−1, and the WSI was 4.71%. The texture test had a hardness of 1211.82 g, flexibility of 0.85 mm, cohesiveness of 0.73 gs, adhesion of 715.38 g and chewiness of 519.28 g. The highest overall acceptability score was 4.51 in sensory evaluation. Finally, the predicted glycaemic index indicated that potato flour is a suitable raw material for low GI products.
Vaginal transmission causes prolonged Zika virus shedding in the vaginal mucosa and delays systemic dissemination
Authors: Balint Elizabeth , Somani Armaan Amin , Giles Elizabeth C , Feng Emily , Vahedi Fatemeh , Ashkar Ali A
Published: March 2022

Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged as a significant health threat worldwide. Although typically mosquito‐borne, recent evidence suggests that ZIKV is also a sexually transmitted virus. While persistent ZIKV infections in male reproductive tissues have been identified, little is understood regarding the outcomes of primary sexual transmission in females. We investigated how the route of infection affects vaginal ZIKV shedding and dissemination. In two mouse models, vaginal infection resulted in prolonged ZIKV shedding in the vaginal mucosa with delayed systemic infection. Furthermore, heightened vaginal inflammation did not influence ZIKV replication or dissemination, in contrast to previous studies of mosquito‐borne infection. Thus, vaginal infection significantly alters ZIKV infection kinetics and must be considered when developing novel treatments.
Sliding scale insulin use in a national cohort study of nursing home residents with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lam Kenneth , Gan Siqi , Nguyen Brian , Jing Bocheng , Lee Sei J.
Published: March 2022

Background

Guidelines discourage sliding scale insulin (SSI) use after the first week of a nursing home (NH) admission. We sought to determine the prevalence of SSI and identify factors associated with stopping SSI or transitioning to another short‐acting insulin regimen.

Methods

In an observational study from October 1, 2013, to June 30, 2017 of non‐hospice Veterans Affairs NH residents with type 2 diabetes and an NH admission over 1 week, we compared the weekly prevalence of SSI versus two other short‐acting insulin regimens – fixed dose insulin (FDI) or correction dose insulin (CDI, defined as variable SSI given alongside fixed doses of insulin) – from week 2 to week 12 of admission. Among those on SSI in week 2, we examined factors associated with stopping SSI or transitioning to other regimens by week 5. Factors included demographics (e.g., age, sex, race/ethnicity), frailty‐related factors (e.g., comorbidities, cognitive impairment, functional impairment), and diabetes‐related factors (e.g., HbA1c, long‐acting insulin use, hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemia).

Results

In week 2, 21% of our cohort was on SSI, 8% was on FDI, and 7% was on CDI. SSI was the most common regimen in frail subgroups (e.g., 18% of our cohort with moderate–severe cognitive impairment was on SSI vs 5% on FDI and 4% on CDI). SSI prevalence decreased steadily from 21% to 16% at week 12 (p for linear trend <0.001), mostly through stopping SSI. Diabetes‐related factors (e.g., hyperglycemia) were more strongly associated with continuing SSI or transitioning to a non‐SSI short‐acting insulin regimen than frailty‐related factors.

Conclusions

SSI is the most common method of administering short‐acting insulin in NH residents. More research needs to be done to explore why sliding scale use persists weeks after NH admission and explore how we can replace this practice with safer, more effective, and less burdensome regimens.
Integration of future water scarcity and electricity supply into prospective LCA: Application to the assessment of water desalination for the steel industry
Authors: Baustert Paul , Igos Elorri , Schaubroeck Thomas , Chion Laurent , Mendoza Beltran Angelica , Stehfest Elke , van Vuuren Detlef , Biemans Hester , Benetto Enrico
Published: March 2022

The urgency of tackling global environmental issues calls for radical technological and behavioral changes. New prospective (or ex ante) methods are needed to assess the impacts of these changes. Prospective life cycle assessment (LCA) can contribute by detailed analysis of environmental consequences. A new stream of research has taken up the challenge to create prospective life cycle inventory (LCI) databases, building on projections of integrated assessment models to describe future changes in technology use and their underlying environmental performance. The present work extends on this by addressing the research question on how to project life cycle impact assessment methods for water scarcity consistent with prospective LCI modeling. Water scarcity characterization factors are projected from 2010–2050 using the AWARE method, based on SSP‐RCP scenario results of the integrated assessment model IMAGE. This work is coupled with prospective LCI databases, where electricity datasets are adapted based on the energy component of IMAGE for the same scenario. Based on this, an LCA case study of water desalination for the steel industry in Spain is presented. The resulting regional characterization factors show that some regions (i.e., the Iberian Peninsula) could experience an increase in water scarcity in the future. Results of the case study show how this can lead to trade‐offs between climate change and water scarcity impacts and how disregarding such trends could lead to biased assessments. The relevance and limitations are finally discussed, highlighting further research needs, such as the temporalization of the impacts.
Decolonising cultural environmental monitoring in Aotearoa New Zealand: Emerging risks with institutionalisation and how to navigate them
Authors: Tadaki Marc , Astwood Jenna‐Rose , Ataria Jamie , Black Morry , Clapcott Joanne , Harmsworth Garth , Kitson Jane
Published: March 2022

Cultural monitoring of the environment has emerged in Aotearoa New Zealand as a mechanism to revitalise Indigenous knowledge and support Treaty‐based governance. While cultural monitoring is increasingly salient in environmental policy, there is a need to proceed with awareness about how institutionalisation of cultural monitoring can modify or constrain its intent. Here, we dissect the genealogies and principles of cultural monitoring, identifying how cultural monitoring has been folded into the logic of ‘state of the environment’ reporting. By investigating three examples of cultural monitoring, we analyse how different institutional mechanisms enable and constrain the realisation of cultural monitoring's decolonising intent.
Rates of oropharyngeal cancer continue to rise steeply amongst Australian men
Authors: Fan Ka Ming , Sprague Samuel , Zhang Ping , Ariyawardana Anura , Johnson Newell W.
Published: March 2022

Objective

The objective was to analyse the trends in the incidence of oropharyngeal cancers (OPC) across Australia from 1982 to 2017 with implications for prevention.

Methods

Data were obtained from the Australian Cancer Database (ACD) compiled at the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW). Joinpoint analyses are presented.

Results and discussion

There was a striking increase of age‐standardised incidence rate (ASIR) of OPC by over 1.5 times; the most significant rise was between 2007 and 2017 with an annual percentage change (APC) of +5.24% (p < 0.001). Slow but gradual growth of ASIR was observed amongst women with a statistically significant APC of +1.02% (p < 0.001). Statistically significant bimodal increasing trends of APC were also observed in total ASIR of OPC. These rising trends are widely attributed to increased oral sex practices. The highest number of incident cases was found in patients aged 55–69 years attributable to continued alcohol and tobacco exposure. The most common subsites affected were base of the tongue (BOT) and ‘oropharynx’ from 1982 to 2017.

Conclusion

Oropharyngeal cancer is rising rapidly across Australia, particularly in men. Whilst the national proportion of cases driven by HPV is not known, it is evident that vaccination is yet to have an impact.
The Childhood Origins of Climate‐Induced Mobility and Immobility
Authors: Thiede Brian C. , Randell Heather , Gray Clark
Published: March 2022

The literature on climate exposures and human migration has focused largely on assessing short‐term responses to temperature and precipitation shocks. In this paper, we suggest that this common coping strategies model can be extended to account for mechanisms that link environmental conditions to migration behavior over longer periods of time. We argue that early‐life climate exposures may affect the likelihood of migration from childhood through early adulthood by influencing parental migration, community migration networks, human capital development, and decisions about household resource allocation, all of which are correlates of geographic mobility. After developing this conceptual framework, we evaluate the corresponding hypotheses using a big data approach, analyzing 20 million individual georeferenced records from 81 censuses implemented across 31 countries in tropical Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia. For each world region, we estimate regression models that predict lifetime migration (a change in residence between birth and ages 30–39) as a function of temperature and precipitation anomalies in early life, defined as the year prior to birth to age four. Results suggest that early‐life climate is systematically associated with changes in the probability of lifetime migration in most regions of the tropics, with the largest effects observed in sub‐Saharan Africa. In East and Southern Africa, the effects of temperature shocks vary by sex and educational attainment and in a manner that suggests women and those of lower socioeconomic status are most vulnerable. Finally, we compare our main results with models using alternative measures of climate exposures. This comparison suggests climate exposures during the prenatal period and first few years of life are particularly (but not exclusively) salient for lifetime migration, which is most consistent with the hypothesized human capital mechanism.
Seasonal shifts in isoprenoid emission composition from three hyperdominant tree species in central Amazonia
Authors: Gomes Alves E. , Taylor T. , Robin M. , Pinheiro Oliveira D. , Schietti J. , Duvoisin Júnior S. , Zannoni N. , Williams J. , Hartmann C. , Gonçalves J. F. C. , Schöngart J. , Wittmann F. , Piedade M. T. F.
Published: March 2022

Volatile isoprenoids regulate plant performance and atmospheric processes, and Amazon forests comprise the dominant source to the global atmosphere. Still, there is a poor understanding of how isoprenoid emission capacities vary in response to ecophysiological and environmental controls in Amazonian ecosystems.

We measured isoprenoid emission capacities of three Amazonian hyperdominant tree species – Protium hebetatum, Eschweilera grandiflora, Eschweilera coriacea – across seasons and along a topographic and edaphic environmental gradient in the central Amazon.

From wet to dry season, both photosynthesis and isoprene emission capacities strongly declined, while emissions increased among the heavier isoprenoids: monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Plasticity across habitats was most evident in P. hebetatum, which emitted sesquiterpenes only in the dry season, at rates that significantly increased along the hydro‐topographic gradient from white sands (shallow root water access) to uplands (deep water table).

We suggest that emission composition shifts are part of a plastic response to increasing abiotic stress (e.g. heat and drought) and reduced photosynthetic supply of substrates for isoprenoid synthesis. Our comprehensive measurements suggest that more emphasis should be placed on other isoprenoids, besides isoprene, in the context of abiotic stress responses. Shifting emission compositions have implications for atmospheric responses because of the strong variation in reactivity among isoprenoid compounds.
A Modelling Strategy to Estimate Conditional Probabilities of African Origins: The Collapse of the Oyo Empire and The Transatlantic Slave Trade, 1817–1836
Authors: Wiens Ashton , Lovejoy Henry B. , Mullen Zachary , Vance Eric A.
Published: March 2022

Intra-African conflicts during the collapse of the kingdom of Oyo from 1817 to 1836 resulted in the enslavement of an estimated 121,000 people who were then transported to coastal ports via complex trade networks and loaded onto slave ships destined for the Americas. Historians have a good record of where these people went across the Atlantic, but little is known about where individuals were from or enslaved within Africa. In this work, we develop a novel statistical modelling strategy to describe the enslavement of people given documented violent conflict, the transport of enslaved peoples from their location of capture to their port of departure, and—given an enslaved individual's location of departure—that person's probability of origin. We combine spatial prediction of conflict density via kriging with a Markov decision process characterising intra-African transportation. The results of this model can be visualised using an interactive web application to plot—for the first time—estimated conditional probabilities of historical origins during the African diaspora. Understanding the likely origins within Africa of enslaved people may have ramifications for the history of the Atlantic world, whereby the ocean connects, rather than disconnects, Africa, the Americas, and Europe.
Effectiveness of intravenous sedation for oral surgery in a patient with multiple sclerosis and a past history of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: A case report
Authors: Hase Yuri , Kamekura Nobuhito , Fujisawa Toshiaki
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a relatively new syndrome comprising headache, altered mentation, and seizures, associated with neuroimaging findings characteristic of subcortical edema in the posterior regions. As previous studies have reported perioperative development and recurrence of PRES, a cautious anesthetic management of the syndrome is required.

Case report

We describe the anesthetic management for oral surgery in a patient with multiple sclerosis and a history of PRES, both of which are risk factors of recurrent PRES. Although we faced a dilemma regarding the management method of anesthesia, we finally performed intravenous sedation for the surgery without any complications.

Conclusion

Appropriate preoperative evaluation and anesthetic management are important to maintain hemodynamics and avoid recurrence of PRES.
The measurement of compassionate leadership: Adaptation and Spanish validation of the compassionate leadership self‐reported scale
Authors: Sansó Noemí , Leiva Juan P. , Vidal‐Blanco Gabriel , Galiana Laura , West Michael
Published: March 2022

Background

A culture of shared leadership is widespread among palliative care teams based on a commitment to valuing and including all people equally. As compassion is a core value for end‐of‐life care work, compassionate leadership may be the best way to lead in palliative care.

Aims

The aims of this study were twofold: (1) to adapt and validate the Compassionate Leadership Self‐reported Scale in a sample of palliative care professionals; and (2) to study the relation between compassionate leadership and associated concepts of self‐compassion, awareness and self‐care.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey of 296 Spanish end‐of‐life care professionals was conducted. Analyses included descriptive statistics, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with four‐correlated factors, reliability estimates and a structural model.

Results

Results suggested there were medium to high levels of compassionate leadership in the sample. The CFA showed an adequate overall fit: χ2(98) = 277.595 (p < 0.001); CFI = 0.986; SRMR = 0.047; RMSEA = 0.088 [0.076, 0.100]. Reliability estimates for four subscales of compassionate leadership (attending, understanding, empathising and helping) were also adequate, ranging from 0.72 to 0.96. Finally, the structural model predicting compassionate leadership suggested that the dimensions of attending and understanding were most highly related to positive self‐compassion and awareness; empathising, to self‐care and awareness; and helping, to positive self‐compassion and self‐care.

Conclusion

The Compassionate Leadership Scale has adequate psychometric properties when used to assess compassionate leadership in the context of end‐of‐life care. Our results indicate that self‐compassion, awareness and self‐care are important correlates of such compassionate leadership.
The continuous feedback model: Enabling student contribution to curriculum evaluation and development
Authors: Hale Leigh , Adhia Divya Bharatkumar
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Evaluation of curriculum is essential to its development. Typically, curriculum evaluations are conducted by end-of-course questionnaires, often resulting in a lengthy delay in implementing improvements that no longer affect the students who completed the evaluation. This study investigated a continuous real-time curricula feedback model as a novel method more appropriate for simultaneous evaluation and improvement of our integrated physiotherapy courses than typical end-of-course evaluation.Methods: A mixed methods design involving concurrent qualitative (focus group interviews, anonymous comments in a “suggestion” box, qualitative survey comments) and quantitative (survey) approaches was used to regularly collect staff (n = 20) and students’ (n = 127) perceptions of a full-year course. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively, and qualitative responses were collated and categorised. The analysed data were fed back to staff and students in the form of a feedback report sent out via email after each module. The report incorporated a summary of the results and the changes to be actioned within the next module.Results: We found the new model to be helpful and liked by both staff and students. Students liked that they could see change as a result of their feedback. Staff felt it should be used in conjunction with the typical end-of-course evaluation, although they found the periodic student feedback reports helpful.Conclusions: The continuous feedback model, although it does not eliminate the need for a formal end-of-year quantitative evaluation, did provide useful qualitative information, a safe environment for student feedback and the opportunity to correct issues in the curriculum as they arise.
Segmental duplications and their variation in a complete human genome
Authors: Vollger Mitchell R. , Guitart Xavi , Dishuck Philip C. , Mercuri Ludovica , Harvey William T. , Gershman Ariel , Diekhans Mark , Sulovari Arvis , Munson Katherine M. , Lewis Alexandra P. , Hoekzema Kendra , Porubsky David , Li Ruiyang , Nurk Sergey , Koren Sergey , Miga Karen H. , Phillippy Adam M. , Timp Winston , Ventura Mario , Eichler Evan E.
Published: March 2022

Despite their importance in disease and evolution, highly identical segmental duplications (SDs) are among the last regions of the human reference genome (GRCh38) to be fully sequenced. Using a complete telomere-to-telomere human genome (T2T-CHM13), we present a comprehensive view of human SD organization. SDs account for nearly one-third of the additional sequence, increasing the genome-wide estimate from 5.4 to 7.0% [218 million base pairs (Mbp)]. An analysis of 268 human genomes shows that 91% of the previously unresolved T2T-CHM13 SD sequence (68.3 Mbp) better represents human copy number variation. Comparing long-read assemblies from human (
n
= 12) and nonhuman primate (
n
= 5) genomes, we systematically reconstruct the evolution and structural haplotype diversity of biomedically relevant and duplicated genes. This analysis reveals patterns of structural heterozygosity and evolutionary differences in SD organization between humans and other primates.
Selective cultural processes generate adaptive heuristics
Authors: Henrich Joseph
Published: March 2022

Less intuitive, hard-to-learn cognitive heuristics can thrive
Dirty bomb ingredients go missing from Chornobyl lab
Authors: Stone Richard
Published: March 2022

Insecure radioactive materials are the latest worry as Russia continues occupation of infamous nuclear reservation
Genital defects seen in sons of men taking major diabetes drug
Authors: Wadman Meredith
Published: March 2022

Large study hints that taking metformin before conception could raise risk of birth defects by affecting sperm
Clinical Metagenomic Sequencing for Species Identification and Antimicrobial Resistance Prediction in Orthopedic Device Infection
Authors: Street Teresa L. , Sanderson Nicholas D. , Kolenda Camille , Kavanagh James , Pickford Hayleah , Hoosdally Sarah , Cregan Jack , Taunt Carol , Jones Emma , Oakley Sarah , Atkins Bridget L. , Dudareva Maria , McNally Martin A. , O’Grady Justin , Crook Derrick W. , Eyre David W.
Published: March 2022

Diagnosis of orthopedic device-related infection is challenging, and causative pathogens may be difficult to culture. Metagenomic sequencing can diagnose infections without culture, but attempts to detect antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants using metagenomic data have been less successful.
Supplemental Material: Latest Permian–Triassic magmatism of the Taimyr Peninsula: New evidence for a connection to the Siberian Traps large igneous province
Authors: Kurapov Mikhail , et al.
Published: March 2022

Table S1: Results for the SIMS SHRIMP and LA–ICPMS U-Pb zircon analysis. Table S2: Ar–Ar analytical data for studied samples. Table S3: Rb–Sr, Sm-Nd isotopic data of studied samples. Table S4: Major and trace element analyses of studied samples with the coordinates of studied samples (WGS84 projection). Figure S1: BSE–CL images of zircon grains from the studied granites. Figure S2: Concordia and weighted average diagrams for studied granites. Figure S3: Ar–Ar spectra on biotite and amphibole for studied latest Permian–Triassic granites.
Supplemental Material: Middle–Late Triassic southward-younging granitoids: Tectonic transition from subduction to collision in the Eastern Tianshan–Beishan Orogen, NW China
Authors: Mao Q.G. , et al.
Published: March 2022

Appendix Table S1: U-Pb data of zircons from Triassic granites in the eastern Tianshan–Beishan Orogen, NW China; Appendix Table S2: The major (wt%), trace element (ppm) results for Triassic granites in the eastern Tianshan–Beishan Orogen, NW China; Appendix Table S3: Zircon Lu-Hf isotopic data for Triassic granites in the eastern Tianshan–Beishan Orogen, NW China.
Supplemental Material: Two-step obduction of the Porvenir serpentinites: A cryptic Devonian suture in SW Iberian Massif (Ossa-Morena Complex)
Authors: Fernández R. Díez , et al.
Published: March 2022

Dataset: Structural data, Porvenir Serpentinites.
Supplemental Material: The micrometeorite flux in the Albian–Aptian age (ca. 103–117 Ma): A search for Tycho ejecta in pelagic sediments using chrome spinels
Authors: Martin Ellinor , et al.
Published: March 2022

Figure S1, Tables S1–S3, and Table S4 (information
of the chemical alteration of sediment-dispersed “EC” grains; data set from the
chemical analyses of the chrome-spinels from Pacifica Quarry; lunar meteorite
Shisr 162; Mg-Al spinel grains from additional samples in the “K3” event;
compilation of selected chrome-spinel from lunar meteorites and soil used in Fig. 4).
Isolated unilateral thalamic venous infarct in a toddler
Authors: Hosur Bharat , Sinha Rahul , Jain Narendra Kumar , Muthanna B A
Published: March 2022

Isolated deep cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), especially involving only the right thalamus, is one of the rarest forms of intracranial venous thrombosis in a child. The anatomy and flow patterns of the deep cerebral venous system are complex and usually, the thrombosis of the internal cerebral veins (ICV) results in thalamic infarction bilaterally. The focal infections, thalamic tumours and vascular malformations may have overlapping clinicoradiological patterns. The treating team should be able to recognise the atypical phenotypes of the deep CVT at the earliest, which can facilitate apt treatment and obviate the need for unnecessary investigations and interventions. We present a rare case of an isolated right thalamic acute venous infarct secondary to bilateral ICV thrombosis in a toddler who was successfully managed by timely diagnosis and with only conservative therapy.
MobiliSense cohort study protocol: do air pollution and noise exposure related to transport behaviour have short-term and longer-term health effects in Paris, France?
Authors: Chaix Basile , Bista Sanjeev , Wang Limin , Benmarhnia Tarik , Dureau Clélie , Duncan Dustin T
Published: March 2022

Introduction

MobiliSense explores effects of air pollution and noise related to personal transport habits on respiratory and cardiovascular health. Its objectives are to quantify the contribution of personal transport/mobility to air pollution and noise exposures of individuals; to compare exposures in different transport modes; and to investigate whether total and transport-related personal exposures are associated with short-term and longer-term changes in respiratory and cardiovascular health.

Methods and analysis

MobiliSense uses sensors of location, behaviour, environmental nuisances and health in 290 census-sampled participants followed-up after 1/2 years with an identical sensor-based strategy. It addresses knowledge gaps by: (1) assessing transport behaviour over 6 days with GPS receivers and GPS-based mobility surveys; (2) considering personal exposures to both air pollution and noise and improving their characterisation (inhaled doses, noise frequency components, etc); (3) measuring respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes (smartphone-assessed respiratory symptoms, lung function with spirometry, resting blood pressure, ambulatory brachial/central blood pressure, arterial stiffness and heart rate variability) and (4) investigating short-term and longer-term (over 1–2 years) effects of transport.

Ethics and dissemination

The sampling and data collection protocol was approved by the National Council for Statistical Information, the French Data Protection Authority and the Ethical Committee of Inserm. Our final aim is to determine, for communicating with policy-makers, how scenarios of changes in personal transport behaviour affect individual exposure and health.
Identifying high-value care for Medicare beneficiaries: a cross-sectional study of acute care hospitals in the USA
Authors: Herrin Jeph , Yu Huihui , Venkatesh Arjun K , Desai Sunita M , Thiel Cassandra L , Lin Zhenqiu , Bernheim Susannah M , Horwitz Leora I
Published: March 2022

Objectives

High-value care is providing high quality care at low cost; we sought to define hospital value and identify the characteristics of hospitals which provide high-value care.

Design

Retrospective observational study.

Setting

Acute care hospitals in the USA.

Participants

All Medicare beneficiaries with claims included in Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services Overall Star Ratings or in publicly available Medicare spending per beneficiary data.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Our primary outcome was value defined as the difference between Star Ratings quality score and Medicare spending; the secondary outcome was classification as a 4 or 5 star hospital with lowest quintile Medicare spending (‘high value’) or 1 or 2 star hospital with highest quintile spending (‘low value’).

Results

Two thousand nine hundred and fourteen hospitals had both quality and spending data, and were included. The value score had a mean (SD) of 0.58 (1.79). A total of 286 hospitals were classified as high value; these represented 28.6% of 999 4 and 5 star hospitals and 46.8% of 611 low cost hospitals. A total of 258 hospitals were classified as low value; these represented 26.6% of 970 1 and 2 star hospitals and 49.3% of 523 high cost hospitals. In regression models ownership, non-teaching status, beds, urbanity, nurse to bed ratio, percentage of dual eligible Medicare patients and percentage of disproportionate share hospital payments were associated with the primary value score.

Conclusions

There are high quality hospitals that are not high value, and a number of factors are strongly associated with being low or high value. These findings can inform efforts of policymakers and hospitals to increase the value of care.
Perceptions, representations and logics of action of urinary incontinence in institutionalised elderly people: a concurrent mixed study protocol
Authors: Peroni Lea , Armaingaud Didier , Sanchez Stéphane , Rothan-Tondeur Monique
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a major public health problem. It affects many institutionalised elderly people. In the literature, the phenomenon is well defined. Its frequency, risk factors, individual and social costs, as well as the different therapeutic approaches, are described. However, there are few publications on its representations, both from the point of view of the patient and that of the carers. However, the literature shows that a better understanding of the social representations of this phenomenon could be a vector for improving care. We aim at understanding the perception of UI, to model its representations and to understand and characterise the logics of action in terms of protection.

Methods and analysis

This will be a mixed-method concurrent study with a quantitative and a qualitative component. Data will be collected through 100 semistructured interviews, 8 focus groups and 10 000 surveys from 4 populations: institutionalised elderly people, caregivers, carers and individuals from the general population. The qualitative part will be analysed both manually and with ATLAS.Ti software, which will be used to centralise and organise all qualitative data collected. For the analysis of the quantitative part, a descriptive statistical analysis and a logistic regression type association will be carried out. These analyses will be enforced using R software. Then, an overlay and combination of quantitative and qualitative information for the triangulation analytical approach will be carried out. The study started in August 2021 and will continue until June 2022.

Ethics and dissemination

The study protocol was approved by the Descartes ethics and research committee on 1 June 2021, with the IRB number 00012021-43. The findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences.

Trial registration number

This protocol was registered with the Research Registry on 12 July 2021 and is numbered researchregistry6965.