bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data Assimilation Informed Model Structure Improvement (DAISI) for Robust Prediction Under Climate Change: Application to 201 Catchments in Southeastern Australia
Authors: Lerat Julien , Chiew Francis , Robertson David , Andréassian Vazken , Zheng Hongxing
Published: June 2024

This paper presents a method to analyze and improve the set of equations constituting a rainfall‐runoff model structure based on a combination of a data assimilation algorithm and polynomial updates to the state equations. The method, which we have called “Data Assimilation Informed model Structure Improvement” (DAISI) is generic, modular, and demonstrated with an application to the GR2M model and 201 catchments in South‐East Australia. Our results show that the updated model generated with DAISI generally performed better for all metrics considered included Kling‐Gupta Efficiency, NSE on log transform flow and flow duration curve bias. In addition, the elasticity of modeled runoff to rainfall is higher in the updated model, which suggests that the structural changes could have a significant impact on climate change simulations. Finally, the DAISI diagnostic identified a reduced number of update configurations in the GR2M structure with distinct regional patterns in three sub‐regions of the modeling domain (Western Victoria, central region, and Northern New South Wales). These configurations correspond to specific polynomials of the state variables that could be used to improve equations in a revised model. Several potential improvements of DAISI are proposed including the use of additional observed variables such as actual evapotranspiration to better constrain internal model fluxes.
Detrital Input Sustains Diatom Production off a Glaciated Arctic Coast
Authors: Ng Hong Chin , Hendry Katharine R. , Ward Rachael , Woodward E. M. S. , Leng Melanie J. , Pickering Rebecca A. , Krause Jeffrey W.
Published: June 2024

In the Arctic and subarctic oceans, the relatively low supply of silicon (compared to other nutrients) can make it limiting for the growth of diatoms, a fundamental building block of the oceanic food web. Glaciers release large quantities of dissolved silicon and dissolvable solid amorphous silica phases into high‐latitude estuaries (fjords), but the role of these glacially‐derived silica phases in sustaining diatom growth in the coastal and open‐water sectors remains unknown. Here we show how stable and radiogenic silicon isotopes can be used together to address this question, using southwest Greenland as a case study. This study finds enhanced levels of detrital (i.e., mineral) amorphous silica, likely glacially‐sourced, sustaining a large portion of diatom growth observed off the coast, revealing how the phytoplankton community can function during high‐meltwater periods.
Atmospheric and Ionospheric Responses to Orographic Gravity Waves Prior to the December 2022 Cold Air Outbreak
Authors: Inchin P. A. , Bhatt A. , Bramberger M. , Chakraborty S. , Debchoudhury S. , Heale C.
Published: June 2024

Mountain waves are known sources of fluctuations in the upper atmosphere. However, their effects over the Continental United States (CONUS) are considered modest as compared to hot spots such as the Southern Andes. Here, we present an observation‐guided case study examining the dynamics of gravity waves (GWs) and their impacts on the ionosphere over the CONUS prior to the cold air outbreak in December 2022, which resulted from a significant distortion of the tropospheric polar vortex. The investigation relies on MERRA‐2 and ERA5 reanalysis data sets for the climatological contextualization, analysis of GWs based on National Aeronautics and Space Administration Aqua satellite's Atmospheric Infrared Sounder, 557.7 and 630.0 nm airglow emission observations, and the measurements of ionospheric disturbances retrieved from Global Navigation Satellite System signal‐based total electron content (TEC) and Super Dual Auroral Radar Network observations. We demonstrate that the tropospheric polar jet stream shifted toward the Rocky Mountains, generated large amplitude GWs (up to 11 K of brightness temperature), which, aided by winter‐time winds over mid‐latitudes, could propagate to mesospheric heights. The breaking of GWs plausibly led to the generation of a plethora of secondary acoustic and GWs that eventually emerged as the sources of extensive ionospheric fluctuations of ∼3–30 min periods and up to 0.7 TECu, observed across the entire CONUS for several days. This case offers a valuable demonstration of the interplay between tropospheric circulation and the ionosphere over CONUS, pointing to the need for a better understanding of wave‐driven deep‐atmosphere coupled dynamics.
MAL2 reprograms lipid metabolism in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma via EGFR/SREBP-1 pathway based on single-cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Huang Tian , Cao Hengsong , Liu Chuan , Sun Xiaohu , Dai Shipeng , Liu Li , Wang Yuliang , Guo Cheng , Wang Xuehao , Gao Yun , Tang Weiwei , Xia Yongxiang
Published: June 2024

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a highly aggressive cancer characterized by a poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy. In this study, utilizing scRNA-seq, we discovered that the tetra-transmembrane protein mal, T cell differentiation protein 2 (MAL2), exhibited specific enrichment in ICC cancer cells and was strongly associated with a poor prognosis. The inhibition of MAL2 effectively suppressed cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses suggested that MAL2 promoted lipid accumulation in ICC by stabilizing EGFR membrane localization and activated the PI3K/AKT/SREBP-1 axis. Molecular docking and Co-IP proved that MAL2 interacted directly with EGFR. Based on constructed ICC organoids, the downregulation of MAL2 enhanced apoptosis and sensitized ICC cells to cisplatin. Lastly, we conducted a virtual screen to identify sarizotan, a small molecule inhibitor of MAL2, and successfully validated its ability to inhibit MAL2 function. Our findings highlight the tumorigenic role of MAL2 and its involvement in cisplatin sensitivity, suggesting the potential for novel combination therapeutic strategies in ICC.
A unified framework for estimating country-specific cumulative incidence for 18 diseases stratified by polygenic risk
Authors: Jermy Bradley , Läll Kristi , Wolford Brooke N. , Wang Ying , Zguro Kristina , Cheng Yipeng , Kanai Masahiro , Kanoni Stavroula , Yang Zhiyu , Hartonen Tuomo , Monti Remo , Wanner Julian , Youssef Omar ,   Estonian Biobank research team,   FinnGen, Lippert Christoph , van Heel David , Okada Yukinori , McCartney Daniel L. , Hayward Caroline , Marioni Riccardo E. , Furini Simone , Renieri Alessandra , Martin Alicia R. , Neale Benjamin M. , Hveem Kristian , Mägi Reedik , Palotie Aarno , Heyne Henrike , Mars Nina , Ganna Andrea , Ripatti Samuli
Published: June 2024

Polygenic scores (PGSs) offer the ability to predict genetic risk for complex diseases across the life course; a key benefit over short-term prediction models. To produce risk estimates relevant to clinical and public health decision-making, it is important to account for varying effects due to age and sex. Here, we develop a novel framework to estimate country-, age-, and sex-specific estimates of cumulative incidence stratified by PGS for 18 high-burden diseases. We integrate PGS associations from seven studies in four countries (N = 1,197,129) with disease incidences from the Global Burden of Disease. PGS has a significant sex-specific effect for asthma, hip osteoarthritis, gout, coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes (T2D), with all but T2D exhibiting a larger effect in men. PGS has a larger effect in younger individuals for 13 diseases, with effects decreasing linearly with age. We show for breast cancer that, relative to individuals in the bottom 20% of polygenic risk, the top 5% attain an absolute risk for screening eligibility 16.3 years earlier. Our framework increases the generalizability of results from biobank studies and the accuracy of absolute risk estimates by appropriately accounting for age- and sex-specific PGS effects. Our results highlight the potential of PGS as a screening tool which may assist in the early prevention of common diseases.
Transient growth factor expression via mRNA in lipid nanoparticles promotes hepatocyte cell therapy in mice
Authors: Smith Anna R. , Rizvi Fatima , Everton Elissa , Adeagbo Anisah , Wu Susan , Tam Ying , Muramatsu Hiromi , Pardi Norbert , Weissman Drew , Gouon-Evans Valerie
Published: June 2024

Primary human hepatocyte (PHH) transplantation is a promising alternative to liver transplantation, whereby liver function could be restored by partial repopulation of the diseased organ with healthy cells. However, currently PHH engraftment efficiency is low and benefits are not maintained long-term. Here we refine two male mouse models of human chronic and acute liver diseases to recapitulate compromised hepatocyte proliferation observed in nearly all human liver diseases by overexpression of p21 in hepatocytes. In these clinically relevant contexts, we demonstrate that transient, yet robust expression of human hepatocyte growth factor and epidermal growth factor in the liver via nucleoside-modified mRNA in lipid nanoparticles, whose safety was validated with mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, drastically improves PHH engraftment, reduces disease burden, and improves overall liver function. This strategy may overcome the critical barriers to clinical translation of cell therapies with primary or stem cell-derived hepatocytes for the treatment of liver diseases.
CRIMP: a CRISPR/Cas9 insertional mutagenesis protocol and toolkit
Authors: Miles Lee B. , Calcinotto Vanessa , Oveissi Sara , Serrano Rita J. , Sonntag Carmen , Mulia Orlen , Lee Clara , Bryson-Richardson Robert J.
Published: June 2024

Site-directed insertion is a powerful approach for generating mutant alleles, but low efficiency and the need for customisation for each target has limited its application. To overcome this, we developed a highly efficient targeted insertional mutagenesis system, CRIMP, and an associated plasmid toolkit, CRIMPkit, that disrupts native gene expression by inducing complete transcriptional termination, generating null mutant alleles without inducing genetic compensation. The protocol results in a high frequency of integration events and can generate very early targeted insertions, during the first cell division, producing embryos with expression in one or both halves of the body plan. Fluorescent readout of integration events facilitates selection of successfully mutagenized fish and, subsequently, visual identification of heterozygous and mutant animals. Together, these advances greatly improve the efficacy of generating and studying mutant lines. The CRIMPkit contains 24 ready-to-use plasmid vectors to allow easy and complete mutagenesis of any gene in any reading frame without requiring custom sequences, modification, or subcloning.
Morphology shapes community dynamics in early animal ecosystems
Authors: Stephenson Nile P. , Delahooke Katie M. , Barnes Nicole , Rideout Benjamin W. T. , Kenchington Charlotte G. , Manica Andrea , Mitchell Emily G.
Published: June 2024

The driving forces behind the evolution of early metazoans are not well understood, but key insights into their ecology and evolution can be gained through ecological analyses of the in situ, sessile communities of the Avalon assemblage in the Ediacaran (~565 million years ago). Community structure in the Avalon is thought to be underpinned by epifaunal tiering and ecological succession, which we investigate in this study in 18 Avalon communities. Here we found that Avalon communities form four distinctive Community Types irrespective of succession processes, which are instead based on the dominance of morphologically distinct taxa, and that tiering is prevalent in three of these Community Types. Our results are consistent with emergent neutrality, whereby ecologically specialized morphologies evolve as a consequence of neutral (stochastic or reproductive) processes within niches, leading to generalization within the frond-dominated Community Type. Our results provide an ecological signature of the first origination and subsequent loss of disparate morphologies, probably as a consequence of community restructuring in response to ecological innovation. This restructuring led to the survival of non-tiered frondose generalists over tiered specialists, even into the youngest Ediacaran assemblages. Such frondose body plans also survive beyond the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition, perhaps due to the greater resilience afforded to them by their alternative ecological strategies.
Fox Insight at 5 years - a cohort of 54,000 participants contributing longitudinal patient-reported outcome, genetic, and microbiome data relating to Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Gottesman Joshua , Karim Yasir , Forbes Jodie , Kirsch Leslie , Stagman Keaton , Korell Monica , Tanner Caroline
Published: June 2024

Fox Insight is an online, longitudinal study of over 54,000 people with and without Parkinson’s disease, facilitating discovery, validation, and reproducibility in Parkinson’s disease research. The study administers routine longitudinal assessments, one-time questionnaires on an array of topics such as environmental exposure or COVID-19, plus genetic and microbiome data collection. Researchers can explore and download patient-reported outcomes data and Parkinson’s disease related genetic variants upon completing a Data Use Agreement. The full genetic data set, including approximately 650,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms for over 10,000 participants, and the microbiome data set for over 650 participants, can be requested with a heightened level of access. Since the first Fox Insight data descriptor was published in 2020, the data captured has been extended significantly, so this paper supersedes the previous one. Since then, the number of participants has increased by more than 20,000; an additional 1,747,729 surveys were completed; 130 gigabytes of genetic data were released; responses from 16 new one-time surveys were collected; and, data from one additional sub-study was made available.
GLAMOUR: GLobAl building MOrphology dataset for URban hydroclimate modelling
Authors: Li Ruidong , Sun Ting , Ghaffarian Saman , Tsamados Michel , Ni Guangheng
Published: June 2024

Understanding building morphology is crucial for accurately simulating interactions between urban structures and hydroclimate dynamics. Despite significant efforts to generate detailed global building morphology datasets, there is a lack of practical solutions using publicly accessible resources. In this work, we present GLAMOUR, a dataset derived from open-source Sentinel imagery that captures the average building height and footprint at a resolution of 0.0009° across urbanized areas worldwide. Validated in 18 cities, GLAMOUR exhibits superior accuracy with median root mean square errors of 7.5 m and 0.14 for building height and footprint estimations, indicating better overall performance against existing published datasets. The GLAMOUR dataset provides essential morphological information of 3D building structures and can be integrated with other datasets and tools for a wide range of applications including 3D building model generation and urban morphometric parameter derivation. These extended applications enable refined hydroclimate simulation and hazard assessment on a broader scale and offer valuable insights for researchers and policymakers in building sustainable and resilient urban environments prepared for future climate adaptation.
Predictive biomarkers of intra-ocular pressure decrease after cataract surgery associated with trabecular washout in patients with pseudo exfoliative glaucoma
Authors: Vallée Rodolphe , Meduri Enrico , Vallée Jean-Noël , Lallouette Athena , Haffane Zakarya , Paillard Archibald , Mansouri Kaweh , Mermoud André
Published: June 2024

To investigate biomarkers of intra-ocular pressure (IOP) decrease after cataract surgery with trabecular washout in pseudo-exfoliative (PEX) glaucoma. A single-center observational prospective study in PEX glaucoma patients undergoing cataract surgery with trabecular washout (Goniowash) was performed from 2018 to 2021. Age, gender, visual acuity, IOP, endothelial cell count, central corneal thickness, medications, were collected over 16-month follow-up. Multivariable binomial regression models were implemented. 54 eyes (35 subjects) were included. Mean preoperative IOP (IOPBL) was 15.9 ± 3.5 mmHg. Postoperative IOP reduction was significant at 1-month and throughout follow-up (p < 0.01, respectively). IOPBL was a predictive biomarker inversely correlated to IOP decrease throughout follow-up (p < 0.001). At 1 and 12 months of follow-up, IOP decrease concerned 31 (57.4%) and 34 (63.0%) eyes with an average IOP decrease of 17.5% (from 17.6 ± 3.1 to 14.3 ± 2.2 mmHg) and 23.0% (from 17.7 ± 2.8 to 13.5 ± 2.6 mmHg), respectively. Performance (AUC) of IOPBL was 0.85 and 0.94 (p < 0.0001, respectively), with IOPBL threshold ≥ 15 mmHg for 82.1% and 96.8% sensitivity, 84.2% and 75.0% specificity, 1.84 and 3.91 IOP decrease odds-ratio, respectively. All PEX glaucoma patients with IOPBL greater than or equal to the average general population IOP were likely to achieve a significant sustainable postoperative IOP decrease.
A comprehensive study on the impact of human hair fiber and millet husk ash on concrete properties: response surface modeling and optimization
Authors: Bheel Naraindas , Shams Muhammad Alamgeer , Sohu Samiullah , Buller Abdul Salam , Najeh Taoufik , Ismail Fouad Ismail , Benjeddou Omrane
Published: June 2024

Revolutionizing construction, the concrete blend seamlessly integrates human hair (HH) fibers and millet husk ash (MHA) as a sustainable alternative. By repurposing human hair for enhanced tensile strength and utilizing millet husk ash to replace sand, these materials not only reduce waste but also create a durable, eco-friendly solution. This groundbreaking methodology not only adheres to established structural criteria but also advances the concepts of the circular economy, representing a significant advancement towards environmentally sustainable and resilient building practices. The main purpose of the research is to investigate the fresh and mechanical characteristics of concrete blended with 10–40% MHA as a sand substitute and 0.5–2% HH fibers by applying response surface methodology modeling and optimization. A comprehensive study involved preparing 225 concrete specimens using a mix ratio of 1:1.5:3 with a water-to-cement ratio of 0.52, followed by a 28 day curing period. It was found that a blend of 30% MHA and 1% HH fibers gave the best compressive and splitting tensile strengths at 28 days, which were 33.88 MPa and 3.47 MPa, respectively. Additionally, the incorporation of increased proportions of MHA and HH fibers led to reductions in both the dry density and workability of the concrete. In addition, utilizing analysis of variance (ANOVA), response prediction models were created and verified with a significance level of 95%. The models' R2 values ranged from 72 to 99%. The study validated multi-objective optimization, showing 1% HH fiber and 30% MHA in concrete enhances strength, reduces waste, and promotes environmental sustainability, making it recommended for construction.
Trends in maternal and child health in China and its urban and rural areas from 1991 to 2020: a joinpoint regression model
Authors: Wang Xin‒yue , Zhang Bei‒bei , Cao Yuan‒yi , Xue Qian , Ye Qin , Li Yuan‒sheng , Wang Shu‒yuan , Ma Yuan‒wei , Sun Yan‒que , Zhang Jun‒hui
Published: June 2024

The long-term trends in maternal and child health (MCH) in China and the national-level factors that may be associated with these changes have been poorly explored. This study aimed to assess trends in MCH indicators nationally and separately in urban and rural areas and the impact of public policies over a 30‒year period. An ecological study was conducted using data on neonatal mortality rate (NMR), infant mortality rate (IMR), under-five mortality rate (U5MR), and maternal mortality ratio (MMR) nationally and separately in urban and rural areas in China from 1991 to 2020. Joinpoint regression models were used to estimate the annual percentage changes (APC), average annual percentage changes (AAPC) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and mortality differences between urban and rural areas. From 1991 to 2020, maternal and child mortalities in China gradually declined (national AAPC [95% CI]: NMRs − 7.7% [− 8.6%, − 6.8%], IMRs − 7.5% [− 8.4%, − 6.6%], U5MRs − 7.5% [− 8.5%, − 6.5%], MMRs − 5.0% [− 5.7%, − 4.4%]). However, the rate of decline nationally in child mortality slowed after 2005, and in maternal mortality after 2013. For all indicators, the decline in mortality was greater in rural areas than in urban areas. The AAPCs in rate differences between rural and urban areas were − 8.5% for NMRs, − 8.6% for IMRs, − 7.7% for U5MRs, and − 9.6% for MMRs. The AAPCs in rate ratios (rural vs. urban) were − 1.2 for NMRs, − 2.1 for IMRs, − 1.7 for U5MRs, and − 1.9 for MMRs. After 2010, urban‒rural disparity in MMR did not diminish and in NMR, IMR, and U5MR, it gradually narrowed but persisted. MCH indicators have declined at the national level as well as separately in urban and rural areas but may have reached a plateau. Urban‒rural disparities in MCH indicators have narrowed but still exist. Regular analyses of temporal trends in MCH are necessary to assess the effectiveness of measures for timely adjustments.
Tailoring focal plane component intensities of polarization singular fields in a tight focusing system
Authors: Pal Sushanta Kumar , Rusch Leslie A.
Published: June 2024

The scientific community studies tight focusing of radially and azimuthally-polarized vector beams as it is a versatile solution for many applications. We offer a new method to produce tight focusing that ensures a more uniform intensity profile in multiple dimensions, providing a more versatile and stable solution. We manipulate the polarization of the radially and azimuthally polarized vector beams to find an optimal operating point. We examine in detail optical fields whose polarization states lie on the equator of the relevant Poincaré spheres namely, the fundamental Poincaré sphere, the hybrid order Poincaré sphere (HyOPS), and the higher order Poincaré sphere. We find via simulation that the fields falling on these equators have focal plane intensity distributions characterized by a single rotation parameter $$\alpha$$
α
determining the individual state of polarization. The strengths of the component field distributions vary with $$\alpha$$
α
and can be tuned to achieve equal strengths of longitudinal (z) and transverse (x and y) components at the focal plane. Without control of this parameter (e.g., using $$\alpha =0$$

α
=
0

in radially and $$\alpha =\pi$$

α
=
π

in azimuthally-polarized vector beams) intensity in x and y components are at 20% of the z component. In our solution with $$\alpha =\pi /2$$

α
=
π
/
2

, all components are at 80% of the maximum possible intensity of z. In examining the impact of $$\alpha$$
α
on a tightly focused beam, we also found that a helicity inversion of HyOPS beams causes a rotation of 180 degree in the axial intensity distribution.
Aspirin prevents colorectal cancer by regulating the abundance of Enterococcus cecorum and TIGIT+Treg cells
Authors: Yang Xiaojuan , Yan Yajuan , Wang Fengkui , Tian Jinhua , Cao Qian , Liu Miao , Ma Bin , Su Chunxia , Duan Xiangguo
Published: June 2024

Although aspirin can reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC), there is still uncertainty about its significance as a treatment for CRC, and the mechanism of aspirin in CRC is not well understood. In this study, we used aspirin to prevent AOM/DSS-induced CRC in mice, and the anti-CRC efficacy of aspirin was assessed using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and by determining the mouse survival rate and tumour size. 16S rDNA sequencing, flow cytometry (FCM), and Western blotting were also conducted to investigate the changes in the gut microbiota, tumour immune microenvironment, and apoptotic proteins, respectively. The results demonstrated that aspirin significantly exerted anti-CRC effects in mice. According to 16S rDNA sequencing, aspirin regulated the composition of the gut microbiota and dramatically reduced the abundance of Enterococcus cecorum. FCM demonstrated that there were more CD155 tumour cells and CD4 + CD25 + Treg cells showed increased TIGIT levels. Moreover, increased TIGIT expression on Treg cells is associated with reduced Treg cell functionality. Importantly, the inhibition of Treg cells is accompanied by the promotion of CD19 + GL-7 + B cells, CD8 + T cells, CD4 + CCR4 + Th2 cells, and CD4 + CCR6 + Th17 cells. Overall, aspirin prevents colorectal cancer by regulating the abundance of Enterococcus cecorum and TIGIT + Treg cells.
Experimental, RSM modelling, and DFT simulation of CO2 adsorption on Modified activated carbon with LiOH
Authors: Ahmadi Marziyeh , Bahmanzadegan Fatemeh , Qasemnazhand Mohammad , Ghaemi Ahad , Ramezanipour Penchah Hamid
Published: June 2024

This research investigates the enhancement of CO2 adsorption capacity through the use of modified activated carbon (AC) with LiOH, focusing on operational conditions and adsorbent properties. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is employed to optimize process parameters for maximizing CO2 adsorption capacity. The study considers temperature, pressure, LiOH concentration for modification, and adsorbent weight as independent variables across five levels. Analysis of Variance reveals that LiOH concentration, adsorbent quantity, pressure, and temperature significantly influence CO2 adsorption. Optimal values for temperature (30°C), pressure (9 bar), LiOH concentration (0.5 mol/L), and adsorbent weight (0.5 g) result in a maximal CO2 adsorption capacity of 154.90 mg/g. Equilibrium adsorption capacity is utilized for modeling, with the Freundlich model proving suitable for CO2 adsorption on LiOH-AC. Kinetic modeling indicates the second-order model's suitability for temperatures of 30 °C and 50 °C, while the Elovich model fits temperatures of 70 °C and 90 °C. Thermodynamic modeling at the optimized conditions (303 K and 6 bar) yields ∆H, ∆S, and ∆G values of adsorption as 12.258 kJ/mol, − 0.017 kJ/mol·K, and − 7.031 kJ/mol, respectively. Furthermore, structural considerations of AC are discussed alongside modeling and simulation, presenting the adsorption rate of CO2 and the binding energy index based on Density Functional Theory (DFT).
A portable gas sensor based on In2O3@CuO P–N heterojunction connected via Wi-Fi to a smartphone for real-time carbon monoxide determination
Authors: Khalili Sina , Majidi Mohsen , Bahrami Morteza , Roshanaei Majid , Madrakian Tayyebeh , Afkhami Abbas
Published: June 2024

This research presents a compact portable electronic gas sensor that can be monitored through a smartphone application. The smart sensor utilizes three state-of-the-art sensors. The sensors integrate an ESP8266 microcontroller within the same device. This facilitates their integration with the electronics and enhances their performance. Herein, primarily focuses on utilizing the sensor to detect carbon monoxide. This article outlines the fabrication process of a gas sensor utilizing a P–N heterojunction, eliminating the need for a binder. The sensor consists of CuO/copper foam nanowires and hierarchical In2O3. In order to verify the system’s functionality, it underwent testing with various levels of CO concentrations (10–900 ppm), including particular tests designed to examine the device’s performance in different humidity and temperature circumstances. A mobile application for the provision of monitoring services has been developed at last. To process the information obtained from the gas sensor, an algorithm has been constructed, trained, and integrated into a smartphone for this purpose. This research demonstrated that a smartphone-coupled gas sensor is a viable system for real-time monitoring and the detection of CO gas.
The role of organoaluminum and electron donors in propene insertion on the Ziegler–Natta catalyst
Authors: Naweephattana Phiphob , Walaijai Khanittha , Rungnim Chompoonut , Luanphaisarnnont Torsak , Watthanaphanit Anyarat , Patthamasang Supanan , Phiriyawirut Phairat , Surawatanawong Panida
Published: June 2024

Our findings suggest the importance of including the AlEt3 reaction with internal donors and the AlEt2Cl adsorption alongside electron donors in the Ziegler–Natta cluster model to investigate stereoselective propene insertion.
Disparate reactivity of a chiral iron(ii) tetracarbene complex with organic azides
Authors: Russell Jerred J. , DeJesus Joseph F. , Smith Brett A. , Nalaoh Phattananawee , Vogiatzis Konstantinos D. , Jenkins David M.
Published: June 2024

A chiral tetra-NHC iron(ii) complex and its disparate reactivity with multiple organic azides is reported.
Titania (TiO2) nanotube surfaces doped with zinc and strontium for improved cell compatibility
Authors: Bhattacharjee Abhishek , Pereira Bruno , Soares Paulo , Popat Ketul C.
Published: June 2024

Titanium-based orthopedic implants are gaining popularity in recent years due to their excellent biocompatibility, superior corrosion resistance and lightweight properties.
The role of fluocerite in the genesis of bastnäsite: mechanistic insights and transformation pathways
Authors: Terribili Luca , Rateau Remi , Maddin Melanie , Rodriguez-Blanco Juan Diego
Published: June 2024

The fluorite-fluocerite-bastnäsite transformation reaction was studied. The fluorite-fluocerite reaction turned out to be REE and temperature dependent while the carbonation of fluocerite results into its crystallisation to bastnäsite and cerianite.
Expedient alkyne semi-hydrogenation by using a bimetallic AgCu–C3N4 single atom catalyst
Authors: Song Jingting , Cai Xiangbin , Chen Zhongxin , Wang Tie , Xi Shibo , Hu Qikun , Yan Ning , Loh Kian Ping
Published: June 2024

This work presents a high-loading AgCu–C3N4 single atom catalyst for alkyne semi-hydrogenation, achieving superior activity and selectivity (99%) through cooperative Ag–Cu interactions at close inter-metal distances.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals biomarkers of stroke recovery in a mouse model of obesity-associated type 2 diabetes
Authors: Vieira João P.P. , Karampatsi Dimitra , Vercalsteren Ellen , Darsalia Vladimer , Patrone Cesare , Duarte Joao M.N.
Published: June 2024

Obesity and Type 2 diabetes (T2D) are known to exacerbate cerebral injury caused by stroke. Metabolomics can provide signatures of metabolic disease, and now we explored whether the analysis of plasma metabolites carries biomarkers of how obesity and T2D impact post-stroke recovery. Male mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 months leading to development of obesity with T2D or a standard diet (non-diabetic mice). Then, mice were subjected to either transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) or sham surgery and allowed to recover on standard diet for 2 months before serum samples were collected. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of serum samples was used to investigate metabolite signals and metabolic pathways that were associated with tMCAO recovery in either T2D or non-diabetic mice. Overall, after post-stroke recovery there were different serum metabolite profiles in T2D and non-diabetic mice. In non-diabetic mice, which show full neurological recovery after stroke, we observed a reduction of isovalerate, and an increase of kynurenate, uridine monophosphate, gluconate and N6-acetyllysine in tMCAO relative to sham mice. In contrast, in mice with T2D, which show impaired stroke recovery, there was a reduction of N,N-dimethylglycine, succinate and proline, and an increase of 2-oxocaproate in serum of tMCAO versus sham mice. Given the inability of T2D mice to recover from stroke, in contrast with non-diabetic mice, we propose that these specific metabolite changes following tMCAO might be used as biomarkers of neurophysiological recovery after stroke in T2D.
Phosphorylation of mammalian cytosolic and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase: insights into regulation
Authors: Provost Joseph J. , Cornely Kathleen A , Mertz Pamela S. , Peterson Celeste N. , Riley Sophie G. , Tarbox Harrison J. , Narasimhan Shree R. , Pulido Andrew J , Springer Amy L.
Published: June 2024

Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) is a key enzyme in mammalian metabolic pathways in cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments. Regulation of MDH through phosphorylation remains an underexplored area. In this review we consolidate evidence supporting the potential role of phosphorylation in modulating the function of mammalian MDH. Parallels are drawn with the phosphorylation of lactate dehydrogenase, a homologous enzyme, to reveal its regulatory significance and to suggest a similar regulatory strategy for MDH. Comprehensive mining of phosphorylation databases, provides substantial experimental (primarily mass spectrometry) evidence of MDH phosphorylation in mammalian cells. Experimentally identified phosphorylation sites are overlaid with MDH’s functional domains, offering perspective on how these modifications could influence enzyme activity. Preliminary results are presented from phosphomimetic mutations (serine/threonine residues changed to aspartate) generated in recombinant MDH proteins serving as a proof of concept for the regulatory impact of phosphorylation. We also examine and highlight several approaches to probe the structural and cellular impact of phosphorylation. This review highlights the need to explore the dynamic nature of MDH phosphorylation and calls for identifying the responsible kinases and the physiological conditions underpinning this modification. The synthesis of current evidence and experimental data aims to provide insights for future research on understanding MDH regulation, offering new avenues for therapeutic interventions in metabolic disorders and cancer.
A Power availablE Estimation Tool for real‐time estimation in aircraft generators
Authors: Ordóñez Raúl , Hencey Brandon M. , Parry Adam
Published: June 2024

A systematic definition of an aircraft generator's “available power” (used to supply loads on its DC bus) is given, which is defined in the context of constraints on transient and steady‐state performance. Using a geometric, data‐driven approach, such a characterisation has been achieved, and a new method, called Power availablE Estimation Tool (PEET), has been developed to determine in real‐time whether a given load can be fulfilled at a given time while maintaining power quality. This is an important problem, especially for safety critical electrical systems such as more electric aircraft, for which it is imperative to know a priori whether an added load will result in voltage variations outside of allowed values. PEET is introduced and its conceptual framework is formalised. Lastly, it provides simulation results that illustrate its performance. The results show that the PEET method produces reliable a priori estimates of power availability, and that this can be achieved within time frames that make it applicable in a real‐time implementation.
Dossier : « La recherche au défi de la crise des temporalités » : Urgence climatique et temporalités locales : la territorialisation contrariée des politiques de lutte contre le changement climatique
Authors: Aulagnier Alexis , Compagnon Daniel , Smith Andy
Published: June 2024

Cet article éclaire la territorialisation de l’action climatique en ciblant ses temporalités politiques et administratives locales. Empiriquement, nous nous appuyons sur l’analyse de la mise en œuvre de plans climat-air-énergie territoriaux (PCAET) dans douze intercommunalités de Nouvelle-Aquitaine. À partir de l’étude de la mise en œuvre concrète de ces plans, du travail politique et administratif auquel ils donnent lieu, nous identifions deux freins à la légitimation d’une intervention climatique à l’échelon local. Le portage politique très individualisé de cette question par des élus et par des techniciens, et des trajectoires intercommunales et environnementales contrastées s’opposent à une priorisation locale de la question climatique. Les injonctions étatiques en matière de territorialisation de l’action climatique se heurtent aux temporalités politiques locales.
Erkenntnisse aus europäischen Paramedic-Systemen zum prähospitalen Einsatz von Notärzten
Authors: Gretenkort Peter , Harding Ulf , Wirtz Sebastian , Sefrin Peter , Jakob Thomas , Reifferscheid Florian
Published: June 2024

In den Paramedic-Systemen des Vereinigten Königreichs, der Niederlande und Skandinaviens gibt es häufig die Möglichkeit, Prozesse und Ergebnisse der Notfallversorgung ohne und mit notärztlicher Unterstützung in einer Region miteinander zu vergleichen. Vorteile einer notärztlichen Präsenz am Einsatzort werden dort bei der Durchführung hochinvasiver Maßnahmen (z. B. Einleitung einer Notfallnarkose) oder bei der Behandlung hochkomplexer Fallsituationen (z. B. bei Polytrauma) erkannt, ebenso bei Entscheidungen am Lebensende unter Wertung ethischer Aspekte. In Regionen, wo aus strukturellen Gründen ein notarztgestütztes Team nicht immer kurzfristig an den Einsatzort gelangen kann, kommen die Autoren vergleichender Studien vielfach zur Empfehlung einer Standortverdichtung und Ausweitung der Notarzt-Disposition.
Long-Term Results of Isolated Latissimus Dorsi to Rotator Cuff Transfer in Brachial Plexus Birth Injury
Authors: Kirby David J. , Buchalter Daniel B. , Santiesteban Lauren , Garcia Mekka R. , Berger Aaron , Hacquebord Jacques , Grossman John A.I. , Price Andrew E.
Published: June 2024

Background Brachial plexus birth injury results in deficits in strength and motion, occasionally requiring surgery to restore power to the deficient external rotators of the shoulder in these patients. This is a retrospective analysis of the long-term results of an isolated latissimus dorsi transfer to the rotator cuff in patients with brachial plexus birth injury.

Methods This is a retrospective review of prospectively collected data for patients undergoing isolated latissimus dorsi transfer into the infraspinatus in addition to release of the internal rotation contracture of the shoulder with greater than 5 years' follow-up. Preoperative and postoperative shoulder elevation and external rotation were documented. Failure of surgery was defined as a return of the internal rotation contracture and a clinically apparent clarion sign.

Results A total of 22 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria: 9 global palsies and 13 upper trunk palsies. The average follow-up was 11 years, ranging from 7.5 to 15.9 years. There was a trend for improved external rotation in the global palsy cohort at final follow-up (p = 0.084). All nine global palsies maintained adequate external rotation without a clarion sign. Five of the 13 upper trunk palsies failed the latissimus dorsi transfer and subsequently required either teres major transfer and/or rotational osteotomy. In these five failures, the period from initial transfer to failure averaged 6.6 years, ranging from 3.4 to 9.5 years.

Conclusion The results of this study indicate that patients with global palsy have sustained long-term improved outcomes with isolated latissimus dorsi transfer while patients with upper trunk palsy have a high rate of failure. Based on these results, we recommend isolated latissimus dorsi transfer for global palsy patients who have isolated infraspinatus weakness.

Level of Evidence: Case series – Level IV.
Versatility and Outcomes of ‘Mumbai Technique’ of Stacked Cartilage Grafts in Indian Rhinoplasty
Authors: Bhat Uday B. , Pawar Mangesh K. , Katyal Ishita , Peswani Amit , Basu Sabyasachi , Waghmare Sahil Abhay , Dhakad Abhishek Uday , Dalmia Udit
Published: June 2024

Background Augmentation rhinoplasty requires graft with substantial volume. In cases where patient is reluctant to use costal cartilage, this can be done using septum and conchal cartilage graft. Using the technique of “stacked cartilage graft” an assembly is made using septum and conchal cartilage for nasal augmentation and contour defects. Although multilayered grafts have been described before, we propose an elaborate and effective method named after our city, Mumbai, to shape these grafts and highlight economical use of conchal and septal cartilage to overcome its limited volume. It also describes its clinical and aesthetic outcome of this technique in Indian patients.

Materials and Methods A retrospective study from 2005 to 2020 was done in our institute. Data was collected from medical and hospital records. Preoperative and postoperative photographs were obtained for preoperative planning and outcome analysis. Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation score was used for outcome analysis. Minimum follow-up was 1 year in our study.

Results A total of 210 patients were included in our study. In all cases, the stacked cartilage graft technique produced a natural appearing dorsum. Complications of cartilage such as resorption, extrusion, and warping were minimum. All the patients were satisfied with their results.

Conclusion Although the limited volume of conchal cartilage is criticized, in reality it can be used effectively for larger requirement with “economy of use” using our technique. The curvatures and convolutions of conchal cartilage can be effectively neutralized by using this technique to obtain a smooth surface.

However, this technique requires incorporation of every bit of cartilage and meticulous stacking of the pieces to get the desired shape. Thus, the stacked cartilage grafts have excellent versatility and produce natural and long-lasting results and minimal complications.
Spinal Neuronavigation for Lumbar Plate Fixation in Miniature Breed Dogs
Authors: Papacella-Beugger Angela , Forterre Franck , Samer Eva , Guevar Julien , Müller Andrea , Planchamp Bastien , Progin Alexia , Schweizer Daniela
Published: June 2024

Objective The main aim of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility of spinal neuronavigation for plate fixation of lumbar vertebrae in miniature breed dogs using a surgical navigation system in combination with a custom-made reference array.

Study Design This was an experimental cadaveric study in five miniature breed dogs.

Methods A 4-hole locking plate with four 2.0-mm locking screws was placed on two adjacent lumbar vertebrae using a neuronavigation system consisting of a mobile cone beam computed tomography linked to a navigation system. The procedure was performed by a novice surgeon. The plate and screw positions were assessed for surgical safety using predefined criteria. Surgical accuracy was determined by the deviation of entry and exit points between pre- and postoperative images.

Results A total of five plates and 20 screws were placed. In 85% (17/20), screws were placed appropriately. The median entry point deviation was 1.8 mm (range: 0.3–3.7) and the median exit point deviation was 1.6 mm (range: 0.6–5).

Conclusion Achievement of surgical accuracy in the placement of screws for fixation of lumbar vertebral plates in small breed dogs using neuronavigation with a custom-made reference array by a novice surgeon resulted in surgical safe plate placement in four of the five cadavers. Therefore, we judge the method as promising, however, further studies are necessary to allow the transfer of image-guided navigation for lumbar plate fixation into the clinic.
Magnetic domain wall pinning and depinning in DyFeO3 single crystal
Authors: Li Z. Z. , Qi W. H. , Ma L. , Tang G. D. , Wu G. H.
Published: June 2024

Several papers reported the experimental phenomena of single crystal orthoferrite DyFeO3 samples: the sample magnetization increases with increasing temperature, under a constant low magnetic field along the easy magnetizing direction of the samples, and then reaches a maximum value. These phenomena are better explained using magnetic domain wall pinning at low temperatures and depinning at high temperatures, which were neglected in previous papers. In this article, we argue that the magnetic domain wall motion must be taken into consideration in order to explain these experimental phenomena. Based on an O 2p itinerant electron model, we discussed the role of the magnetic domain and the characteristics of cation magnetic moments in relevant single crystal materials.
A pyruvate transporter in the apicoplast of apicomplexan parasites
Authors: Chen Pu , Chen Yukun , Xia Ningbo , Fan Bolin , Niu Zhipeng , He Zhengming , Wang Xu , Yuan Jing , Gupta Nishith , Shen Bang
Published: June 2024

Pyruvate lies at a pivotal node of carbon metabolism in eukaryotes. It is involved in diverse metabolic pathways in multiple organelles, and its interorganelle shuttling is crucial for cell fitness. Many apicomplexan parasites harbor a unique organelle called the apicoplast that houses metabolic pathways like fatty acid and isoprenoid precursor biosyntheses, requiring pyruvate as a substrate. However, how pyruvate is supplied in the apicoplast remains enigmatic. Here, deploying the zoonotic parasite
Toxoplasma gondii
as a model apicomplexan, we identified two proteins residing in the apicoplast membranes that together constitute a functional apicoplast pyruvate carrier (APC) to mediate the import of cytosolic pyruvate. Depletion of APC results in reduced activities of metabolic pathways in the apicoplast and impaired integrity of this organelle, leading to parasite growth arrest. APC is a pyruvate transporter in diverse apicomplexan parasites, suggesting a common strategy for pyruvate acquisition by the apicoplast in these clinically relevant intracellular pathogens.
Widespread detoxifying NO reductases impart a distinct isotopic fingerprint on N2O under anoxia
Authors: Wang Renée Z. , Lonergan Zachery R. , Wilbert Steven A. , Eiler John M. , Newman Dianne K.
Published: June 2024

Nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas, can be generated by multiple biological and abiotic processes in diverse contexts. Accurately tracking the dominant sources of N2O has the potential to improve our understanding of N2O fluxes from soils as well as inform the diagnosis of human infections. Isotopic “Site Preference” (SP) values have been used toward this end, as bacterial and fungal nitric oxide reductases (NORs) produce N2O with different isotopic fingerprints, spanning a large range. Here, we show that flavohemoglobin (Fhp), a hitherto biogeochemically neglected yet widely distributed detoxifying bacterial NO reductase, imparts a distinct SP value onto N2O under anoxic conditions (~+10‰) that correlates with typical environmental N2O SP measurements. UsingPseudomonas aeruginosaas a model organism, we generated strains that only contained Fhp or the dissimilatory NOR, finding that in vivo N2O SP values imparted by these enzymes differ by over 10‰. Depending on the cellular physiological state, the ratio of Fhp:NOR varies significantly in wild-type cells and controls the net N2O SP biosignature: When cells grow anaerobically under denitrifying conditions, NOR dominates; when cells experience rapid, increased nitric oxide concentrations under anoxic conditions but are not growing, Fhp dominates. Other bacteria that only make Fhp generate similar N2O SP biosignatures to those measured from ourP. aeruginosaFhp-only strain. Fhp homologs in sequenced bacterial genomes currently exceed NOR homologs by nearly a factor of four. Accordingly, we suggest a different framework to guide the attribution of N2O biological sources in nature and disease.