bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Um novo regime jurídico para os contratos administrativos: aplicação subsidiária da condição de autoridade, inexistência de um regime geral de prerrogativas e enquadramento do contrato administrativo como instrumento de desenvolvimento
Authors: Valle Vivian Cristina Lima Lopez
Published: November 2018

O reconhecimento do aumento da complexidade do fenômeno contratual do Estado exige uma releitura da teoria contratual administrativa, especialmente no que se refere às prerrogativas administrativas. A estruturação das prerrogativas públicas no contrato administrativo produz uma visão do contratado como litigante a qual gera insegurança, instabilidade contratual e uma relação jurídica beligerante e conflituosa. A contemporaneidade permite uma interpenetração do público com o privado na relação contratual administrativa, onde a visão do contrato como categoria jurídica que não pertence nem ao direito privado nem ao direito público com exclusividade, possibilita o reposicionamento do regime contratual de prerrogativas públicas, num ambiente de Administração Pública paritária. A necessidade de revisão da noção de autoridade dentro dos contratos administrativos permite o surgimento do conceito de relação jurídica como novo elemento central, onde contratos administrativos passam a ser enquadrados como relação jurídica multilateral e relacional. Apresenta-se um princípio de eleição entre o direito público e o direito privado e o enquadramento das prerrogativas como cláusulas de aplicação episódica, a depender do preenchimento de requisitos específicos, e não como elemento intrínseco na relação contratual. E também se sustenta a extinção do regime geral de prerrogativas estabelecido na Lei n. 8666/93, com aplicação a todos os contratos administrativos, substituindo-o por um regime específico contrato a contrato. Busca-se, ao final, propor a obrigatoriedade de adoção de mecanismos consensuais de solução litígios, defendendo-se a aplicação subsidiária de prerrogativas, após o estabelecimento de momento de consenso em Câmaras de Conciliação.
Diaphyseal Femoral Fractures in Children: Comparison Between Elastic Stable Intramedullary Nailing and Conservative Management
Authors: Hwaizi Las J. , Saeed Areewan MS. , Mahmood Mustafa N.
Published: November 2018

Background:

Femoral shaft fractures are one of the most common fractures of the lower extremities in children. Although many approaches and options are available for their treatment, the most appropriate treatment option for school going children is still debatable.

Objective:

This study investigated the efficacy, safety, and outcome of surgical intervention with Elastic Stable Intramedullary Nailing (ESIN) in 3–12-year-old children with diaphyseal femoral fractures and compared them with those of conservative management.

Methods:

In this prospective study, 41 children with diaphyseal femoral fractures were recruited between April 2013 and April 2016. The fractures were divided into two equal groups: one treated with ESIN, and the other with early spica casting or noninvasive traction followed by hip spica casting. Demographic data, clinical information, and serial radiographic findings were collected and compared between the two groups. Flynn’s scoring criteria pertaining to time to union, assisted weight bearing, independent ambulation, return to school, and complications were applied. Fischer’s exact test was used for statistical analyses.

Results:

Compared with spica casting-treated fractures, ESIN-treated fractures healed faster with lower average time to assisted weight bearing, independent ambulation, and return to school. Hip spica-treated children had a higher rate of major complications than ESIN-treated children. At 1-year follow-up, higher limb length discrepancy was reported in hip spica-treated children than in ESIN-treated children (P< 0.001).

Conclusion:

ESIN is a safe and effective approach for treating femoral shaft fractures in children; it provides better functional and radiographic outcomes than spica casting and can be used in preschool-age children.
U.S. and Canadian Orthodontic Faculty Professional Satisfaction: A Survey Study
Authors: Bogle Samantha , Bosio Jose A. , Cangialosi Thomas J. , Jiang Shuying S.
Published: November 2018

The aims of this study were to evaluate U.S. and Canadian orthodontic faculty members’ degree of job satisfaction and to assess the relationship between job satisfaction and factors such as full‐time/part‐time status, tenure status, age, and teaching training. This information is needed to set long‐term goals for improving the recruitment and retention of full‐time and part‐time faculty. In August 2016, all members of the Council on Orthodontic Education Society of Educators and faculty members of the American Association of Orthodontists were invited via email to participate in a 34‐question survey, which collected demographic data and asked respondents to report their degree of satisfaction on seven factors. Out of 645 individuals invited to participate, 133 completed all items on the survey (response rate 20.6%). The results showed that faculty time commitment, rank/position in the institution, and tenure status affected respondents’ levels of satisfaction regarding quantity of clinical time, value placed on teaching by their institution and students, and leadership of their department chair. In the open‐ended responses, increased compensation, more teaching time, and less administrative activity were the most frequent recommendations to improve satisfaction levels. About half (52%) of the respondents reported being satisfied with their financial compensation. Respondents whose institutions gave them training opportunities in teaching skills were 4.78 times more satisfied than those not given those opportunities. The results suggest that reduction of administrative workload, creation of meaningful faculty development programs, more feedback and sharing of information about requirements for promotion, and improvement of financial compensation could improve recruitment and retention of orthodontic educators.
Identifying Needs to Ensure a Humanistic Academic Dental Environment: A Multi‐Site Survey of Dental Students’ Perspectives
Authors: Quick Karin K. , Overman Pamela R. , Sposetti Venita J.
Published: November 2018

Dental school academic environments, whether the overall environment or the smaller environments of the classroom, lab, clinic, or community, are critical to student learning and professional development. The aims of this study were to assess dental students’ experiences in the overall academic environment related to discrimination, destructive communication, belittlement, and isolation and to explore the relationships between students’ emotional health and such experiences. Dental students in all four years at five U.S. dental schools were invited to participate in an electronic survey in April 2017. A total of 358 students responded for a 19.4% response rate. These students reported a total of five cases of discrimination that had been formally reported to their schools. Among these respondents, 24% had experienced destructive communication, 33% had experienced belittlement, and 33% reported feeling a sense of isolation. Non‐males and students with disabilities were more likely to experience belittlement and isolation. Both destructive communication and feeling belittled increased with program year (relative to year 1)—spiking in year 3. Destructive communication and isolation were associated with behavior changes such as weight change, increased alcohol or over‐the‐counter medication use, and consultation with a health professional. To improve overall academic environments, dental educators should create learning environments to foster development of professional relationships, and schools should continue to provide student support services. Identifying and acknowledging shared issues across dental education might stimulate a national discussion that could lead to concerted approaches to address these issues. Identifying the proportions of students with feelings of isolation or loneliness along with experiences of belittlement and destructive communication could provide schools with a useful picture of their academic environment.
Effectiveness of Internet-Delivered Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Patients With Insomnia Who Remain Symptomatic Following Pharmacotherapy: Randomized Controlled Exploratory Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Sato Daisuke , Yoshinaga Naoki , Nagai Eiichi , Nagai Kazue , Shimizu Eiji
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND

In reality, pharmacotherapy still remains the most common treatment for insomnia.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of our internet-delivered computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) program as an adjunct to usual care (UC) compared with UC alone in patients with insomnia who remain symptomatic following hypnotics.

METHODS

We recruited 23 patients with insomnia who remained symptomatic following pharmacologic treatment including benzodiazepines, and we conducted an exploratory randomized controlled trial. The primary outcome was the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) at week 6 of the treatment. Secondary outcomes were sleep onset latency, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, number of awakenings, refreshment and soundness of sleep, anxiety by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, depression measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and quality of life (QOL) measured by the EuroQol-5D. All parameters were measured at weeks 0 (baseline), 6 (postintervention), and 12 (follow-up).

RESULTS

The adjusted mean reduction (−6.11) in PSQI at week 6 from baseline in the ICBT plus UC group was significantly (P<.001) larger than the adjusted mean reduction (0.40) in the UC alone group. Significant differences were also found in favor of ICBT plus UC for PSQI, sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, number of awakenings, and depression at all assessment points. Refreshment, soundness of sleep, anxiety, and QOL improved by week 6 in ICBT plus UC compared with UC alone. There were no reports of adverse events in either group during the study.

CONCLUSIONS

These results indicated that our 6-week ICBT program is an effective treatment adjunct to UC for improving insomnia and related symptoms even after unsuccessful pharmacotherapy.

CLINICALTRIAL

University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry: UMIN000021509; https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000023545 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation. org/75tCmwnYt).
Use of Weight-Management Mobile Phone Apps in Saudi Arabia: A Web-Based Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Aljuraiban Ghadeer S
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND

In recent years, the use of mobile phone weight-management apps has increased significantly. Weight-management apps have been found effective in promoting health and managing weight. However, data on user perception and on barriers to app usage are scarce.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate the use of weight-management apps and barriers to use as well as reasons for discontinuing use in a sample of mobile phone users in Saudi Arabia.

METHODS

Mobile phone users aged 18 years and above from the general public in Saudi Arabia completed a Web-based survey. The survey included questions on weight-management app usage patterns, user perceptions concerning weight management, efficacy of weight-management apps, and reasons for discontinuing use. Participants were classified into normal weight (body mass index [BMI]: 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2) and overweight or obese (BMI: ≥25.0 kg/m2).

RESULTS

The survey included 1191 participants; 513 of them used weight-management apps. More overweight or obese respondents used these apps compared with normal weight respondents (319/513, 62.2% vs 194/513, 37.8%, respectively). App features that overweight or obese users were most interested in were mainly the possibility to be monitored by a specialist and barcode identification of calorie content, whereas normal weight users mostly preferred availability of nutrition information of food items. Reasons for discontinuing use among overweight or obese respondents were mainly that monitoring by a specialist was not offered (80/236, 33.9%) and the app was not in the local language (48/236, 20.3%). Among normal weight users, the main reason for noncontinuance was the app language (45/144, 31.3%) and difficulty of use (30/144, 20.8%).

CONCLUSIONS

To better address the needs of both normal weight and overweight or obese adults, improved app designs that offer monitoring by a specialist are needed. Developers may consider ways of overcoming barriers to use, such as language, by developing local language apps, which can improve the efficacy of such apps and help spread their use.
Fostering Innovation in Symptom Management among Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Flythe Jennifer E. , Hilliard Tandrea , Lumby Elena , Castillo Graciela , Orazi Jazmine , Abdel-Rahman Emaad M. , Pai Amy Barton , Rivara Matthew Bertrand , St. Peter Wendy L. , Weisbord Steven Darrow , Wilkie Caroline M. , Mehrotra Rajnish ,   for the Kidney Health Initiative Prioritizing Symptoms of ESRD Patients for Developing Therapeutic Interventions Stakeholder Meeting Participants
Published: November 2018

Individuals receiving in-center maintenance hemodialysis bear a high burden of both physical and mood symptoms. More than half of patients on hemodialysis report sleep disturbance, muscle cramps, and fatigue. Patients describe symptoms as having a deleterious effect on their quality of life, suggesting that symptom alleviation may meaningfully improve patient-reported outcomes. Moreover, patients on hemodialysis have identified symptom management as a key area for research and innovation, prioritizing symptom alleviation over other health outcomes such as mortality and biochemical indices. Despite the importance of symptoms to patients, there has been little research explicitly geared toward improving patient symptoms, and therefore minimal innovation in symptom management. In general, the physiologic underpinnings of symptoms are poorly understood, hampering the development of targeted therapies. In fact, there have been few drugs or devices approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the indication of improving any patient-reported outcomes for patients on hemodialysis. Recognizing this gap in innovation, the Kidney Health Initiative, a public–private partnership between the American Society of Nephrology and US Food and Drug Administration, convened a workgroup to first prioritize symptoms for the development of therapeutic interventions, and then identify near-term actionable research goals for the prioritized physical symptoms of insomnia, muscle cramps, and fatigue. This paper summarizes the pathophysiology of the three prioritized symptoms, identifies key knowledge gaps, acknowledges factors that challenge development of new therapies, and offers the nephrology community actionable research goals for insomnia, muscle cramps, and fatigue.
Comparative Evaluation of Effectiveness of Intravenous Paracetamol and Intravenous Diclofenac as Post-operative Analgesia in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Kharbuja Kalpana , Sharma Mahesh , Sharma Nil Raj
Published: November 2018

Introduction: Though the development of minimally invasive surgery  has revolutionized the field of surgery,  post-operative pain is still a significant issue. Unlike in the past, concerns about adverse effects have limited the role of opioids in post-operative pain management. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of intravenous paracetamol and  diclofenac as postoperative analgesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods:One hundred and twenty eight patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) categories I and II  included in this study  were divided into two groups. Anesthesia induction and maintenance were standardized. The first group received 15mg/kg (maximum 1gm) intravenous paracetamol and the second group received 2mg/kg (maximum 75mg) intravenous diclofenac 30 minutes prior to ending of surgery. A questionnaire was responded by patients and chart was maintained by visual analogue scale. Mann Whitney U test was used to analyze quantitative data and Chi-square test for categorical data. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:  Profiles of hemodynamic changes were almost similar in both groups with respect to heart rate and blood pressure. However, paracetamol infusion provided hemodynamic stability in post-operative period. We observed statistically significant differences  in visual analogue scale between the two groups. Most of the patients in paracetamol group had low mean pain scores in post-operative period and provided an extended analgesia compared to diclofenac. No serious postoperative complication was observed in  paracetamol group.

 

Conclusion: Administration of intravenous paracetamol has better and prolonged analgesic effect  with low mean pain score and less requirement for rescue analgesia compared to diclofenac.
Peculiarities of the Haemostatic System in Pregnant Patients with Burdened Obstetric Anamnesis
Authors: Bakirov B. A. , Sakhautdinova I. V. , Maron A. D.
Published: November 2018

Introduction.A number of researchers point at a direct connection between mutations of genes affecting the haemostasis system and risks of venous thromboembolism and / or infertility. Quite often,  a thrombophilia diagnosis is a result of overdiagnosis, which may lead to ungrounded and even  dangerous medical prescriptions. In this context, the key goal of this work was to analyse the  homeostasis system in women with recurrent pregnancy loss and establishes the causes of this phenomenon.

Materials and methods.Over the course of this work, we analysed 79 women in various stages of pregnancy who were receiving treatment in the Pregnancy Pathology Department of the BSMU Clinic. We analysed their medical histories, Body Mass Indexes (BMI), polymorphisms of haemostasis system genes and thrombosis risk factors.

Results and discussion.BMI analysis found normal body mass in 39 patients (49.4 %) and excessive body mass in 40 patients (50.6 %). F2 and F5 gene polymorphisms were almost entirely absent. ITGA2  and ITGB3 gene mutations were found in the patients analysed in 48.1 % and 17.7 % of the cases,  respectively. PAI-1 gene mutations were found in 84.8 % of cases. MTR and MTRR gene polymorphisms  were detected in 35.4 % and 81.0 % of the patients, respectively. MTHFR mutations were found in more than 40 % of the patients.

Conclusion.Obesity and hereditary thrombophilia are primary factors in venous thromboembolism. Body weight loss and antithrombotic therapy reduce risk obstetric complications, improving prognosis and pregnancy outcomes.
Substantiation of Organ-Saving Operations in Renal Tumours
Authors: Gantsev K. Sh. , Khrizman Yu. N. , Khmelevskiy A. A. , Shakurov V. K. , Aglyamov R. I.
Published: November 2018

Purpose of the study:to analyse the results of organ-preserving operations in patients with localized renal cell carcinoma.

Materials and methods. The results of treatment of 458 patients who underwent organ-preserving treatment for renal cell carcinoma between 2009 and 2017 were analysed and evaluated. Of these, 286 were men (62.4 %) and 172 were women (37.6 %) with an average age of 54.7 ± 2.25 years (between 23 and 84 years).

Results. The size of the tumours ranged between two to eight centimetres (average tumour size 4.6 cm). The duration of “open” operations ranged from 30 to 110 minutes (average of 62 minutes); those using laparoscopy lasted between 85 and 180 minutes (average of 146 minutes). The volume of blood loss during the operation was an average of 133.6 ml (from 80 ml to 500 ml). In most patients, the tumour was in the first stage of the disease (443 cases, or 96.7 %). In 17 of patients operated on morphologically, invasion of paranephric fibre at the third stage (3.7 %) was detected. A further 8 patients had a second stage tumour more than 7 cm in size but without germination beyond the kidney (1.7 %). There were no cases of intra- or post-operative mortality. Discussion. No significant differences during the postoperative period were observed in patients undergoing “open” and laparoscopic surgery; the frequency of postoperative complications was also approximately the same in both cases.

Conclusion. Improvements in contemporary diagnostic methods have led to a sharp increase in the detection rate of small tumours. The results of studies comparing nephrectomy and kidney resection with a healthy contralateral kidney indicate the validity of the organ-preserving approach with small tumour sizes and localisation convenient for resection. In this regard, recently there has been a trend towards a wider use of kidney resection in renal cell carcinoma. Increased emphasis on the quality of life of cancer patients has led to an active study of the possibilities of using modern technologies in kidney cancer surgery.
Эффективность создания делеции CCR5Ddelta32 методом CRISPR-Cas9 в эмбрионах человека
Authors: Кодылева Т. А. , Кириллова А. О. , Тыщик Е. А. , Макаров В. В. , Хромов А. В. , Гущин В. А. , Абубакиров А. Н. , Ребриков Д. В. , Сухих Г. Т.
Published: November 2018

Изменение гена CCR5 путем редактирования генома CD4+-T-клеток является одним из способов предотвращения распространения ВИЧ-1-инфекции. Однако похожая стратегия защиты от ВИЧ может быть использована и для защиты плода ВИЧ-инфицированных женщин со слабым ответом на антиретровирусную терапию. Создание «естественного» аллеля CCR5delta32 на стадии зиготы может защитить плод от ВИЧ-инфекции во время внутриутробного развития и родов. Целью данного исследования была оптимизация системы CRISPR-Cas9 под создание гомозиготной 32-нуклеотидной делеции (аналогичной природному варианту CCR5delta32) в S-фазе зиготы человека. Для редактирования генома были использованы зиготы с аномальным числом пронуклеусов (более двух), непригодные для ЭКО. 16 аномальных зигот от доноров с WT CCR5 были инъецированы разработанной системой CRISPR-Cas9 в S-фазе. После инъекции зиготы помещали в культуральную среду Blastocyst (COOK) и культивировали в течение 5 дней в CO2-инкубаторе до стадии бластоцисты (приблизительно 250 клеток). Для анализа эффективности редактирования генома 8 успешно развивавшихся эмбрионов были генотипированы методом полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР). Из 16 зигот, инъецированных системой CRISPR-Cas9, лишь 8 достигли стадии бластоцисты. ПЦР-генотипирование показало отсутствие исходного варианта WT CCR5 в 5 из 8 бластоцист (100% гомозиготы по CCR5delta32). Два эмбриона продемонстрировали около 3% и один — около 20% мозаицизма по WT CCR5. Таким образом, эффективность разработанной CRISPR-Cas9 системы для создания аллеля CCR5delta32 в эмбрионах человека довольно высока: более половины эмбрионов оказываются полностью модифицированными.
Pengaruh Ritme Otak dan Musik dalam Proses Belajar
Authors: Prima Ellen
Published: November 2018

The brain is an organ that plays an important role in life. Many studies of the brain with various things, one of which is the music and learning process. Some studies use music in brain development to improve concentration and learning. Music is very biased in learning environments to make learning easier and faster if students are relaxed and receptive. The heart rate of people in this state is 60 to 80 times per minute. In this state, his brain runs alpha waves (8-12 Hz), the state of the brain is relaxed but alert for the part of the brain, the hippocampus and somatosensory can work optimally. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the rhythm of the brain and music in the learning process. Therefore, this research uses the qualitative method of a descriptive type. The results of this study indicate a link between the rhythm of the brain and music in the learning process.
Four Bosons Electromagnetism
Authors: Doria Renato , Chauca J. , Soares I.
Published: November 2018

Based on light invariance and electric conservation a four bosons electromagnetismÂ is proposed. It enlarges the electric charge conservation beyond displacement currentÂ and Dirac charge to a new physical situation where the electromagnetic phenomena isÂ mediated by the usual photon plus a massive photon and two additional charged vectorÂ bosons.Considering the enlarged abelian gauge symmetry U(1) SO(2) transforming under aÂ same gauge parameter a non-linear electromagnetism involving four bosons is introduced.Â It deploys a Lagrangian containing massless, massive and charged elds with three andÂ four vector bosons interactions. The corresponding Noether's relations and classical equationsÂ of motion are studied. They provide a whole dynamics involving granular, collectiveÂ terms through antisymmetric and symmetric sectors. It develops a new photon equationÂ which extends the Maxwell's one. Self interacting photons are obtained.A four boson electromagnetic ux is derived. It expresses an electromagnetism transferingÂ 4Q = 0 and j4Qj = 1, not more limited to just a massless photon. There is a newÂ electromagnetic owing to be understood, where aside of electric charge conservation, itÂ appears a neutral electromagnetism. There are six neutral electromagnetic charges beyondÂ electric charge as consequences from non-linearity. Two are derived from the secondÂ Noether identity and four from variational continuity equations.Â An electromagnetic ux being conducted by a whole physics is generated. Based onÂ elds set, it develops a determinism under the meaning of directive and circumstance.Â Interpreting that, light invariance concises the photon as directive, the photon becomesÂ a whole maker. It assumes the symmetry command which will control the conservationsÂ laws and opportunities. Consequently, one combines the symmetry equation derived fromNoether theorem with the four equations derived from variational principle, and an effectiveÂ photon equation is obtained. A kind of Navier-Stokes electromagnetic ow isÂ derived. It yields a four bosons electromagnetism preserving electric charge conservationÂ plus introducting the meaning of chance through symmetry management.
Effect of aluminum content on structure, transport and mechanical properties of Sn-Zn eutectic lead free solder alloy rapidly solidified from melt.
Authors: Shalaby Rizk Mostafa , Munther Mohamed , Al-Bidawi Abu-Bakr , Kamal Mustafa
Published: November 2018

The greatest advantage of Sn-Zn eutectic is its low melting point (198 oC) which is close to the melting point. of Sn-Pb eutectic solder (183 oC), as well as its low price per mass unit compared with Sn-Ag and Sn-Ag-Cu solders. In this paper, the effect of 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 wt. % Al as ternary additions on melting temperature, microstructure, microhardness and mechanical properties of the Sn-9Zn lead-free solders were investigated. It is shown that the alloying additions of Al at 4 wt. % to the Sn-Zn binary system lead to lower of the melting point to 195.72 ËšC.Â  From x-ray diffraction analysis, an aluminium phase, designated Î±-Al is detected for 4 and 5 wt. % Al compositions. The formation of an aluminium phase causes a pronounced increase in the electrical resistivity and microhardness. The ternary Sn-9Zn-2 wt.%Al exhibits micro hardness superior to Sn-9Zn binary alloy. The better Vickers hardness and melting points of the ternary alloy is attributed to solid solution effect, grain size refinement and precipitation of Al and Zn in the Sn matrix.Â  The Sn-9%Zn-4%Al alloy is a lead-free solder designed for possible drop-in replacement of Pb-Sn solders.Â Â
Heat, quantum mechanics and information
Authors: Khumalo Bhekuzulu
Published: November 2018

Heat has often been described as part of the energy transfer process. Information theory says everything is information. If everything is information then what type of information is heat, this question can be settled by the double slit experiment, but we must know what we are looking for.Â
Axial Distribution Profile of Magnetic Field and Plasma Sheath Velocity in Argon Plasma Focus Device
Authors: Elshamy Hanaa
Published: November 2018

The main aim of this work is to study dynamics of plasma current sheath, PCS during the axial acceleration phase in term of its axial velocity, Vz and the induced azimuthal magnetic field induction, BÎ¸ in 2.2 KJ plasma focus, PF device of Mather type. It powered by a capacitor bank of 30 Âµf capacity with charging voltage of 12 KV. In the present paper all the experimental work are performed for Argon gas pressure in the range of 0.2 â€“ 1.8 Torr. The length of the inner electrode, IE has been changed to 9.5, 10.5 and 11.5 cm respectively. To detect, BÎ¸ and Vz three identical magnetic probes are located at radial distance r1 = 2.75 cm, r2 = 3.5 cm and r3 = 4.25 cm from the IE axis and at axial distance z = 8.15 cm from coaxial electrodes breech.The dependence of Vz and BÎ¸ on gas pressures are measured and the results of them clear that, Vz is decayed with increasing of gas pressures and it has a maximum value for IE length of 10.5 cm, P = 0.2 Torr and at r1, while BÎ¸ has a maximum value for IE length = 11.5 cm, 1.2 Torr at r1 . Also distribution of Vz with p in linear fitting shows that efficient a snow-plough action is obtained approximately for IE length = 10.5 cm. Results of Vz versus radial distance demonstrated that the PCS has a parabolic shape especially at lower Argon gas pressures. Results of modification factor, F as a function of gas pressures show that at IE = 10.5 cm, r1 and for most Argon gas pressures F has a higher values than any others IE lengths and radial distances. Also the decay of dF/dp along radial distances has a smaller values at IE length = 11.5 cm than any other lengths (9.5 and 10.5 cm).
Helical tomotherapy for advanced esophageal cancer improves target conformity and homogeneity: A comparison with fixed-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy
Authors: Wang Luhua
Published: November 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of helical tomotherapy (HT) in the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer (EC) and compare target homogeneity, conformity and normal tissue doses between HT and fixed-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy (ff-IMRT).Methods: In all, 23 patients with cT3-4N0-1M0-1a thoracic EC (upper esophagus, 9 patients; middle esophagus, 6; distal esophagus, 6 and esophagogastric junction, 2) who were treated with ff-IMRT (60 Gy in 30 fractions) were re-planned for HT and ff-IMRT with the same clinical requireÂ­ments. Comparisons were performed using the Wilcoxon matched-pair signed-rank test.Results: Compared with ff-IMRT, HT significantly reduced the homogeneity index for thoracic, upper, middle and distal ECs by 38%, 31%, 36% and 33%, respectively (P < 0.05). The conformity index was increased by HT for thoracic, upper and middle ECs by 9%, 9% and 18%, respectively (P < 0.05). Target coverage was improved by 1% with HT (P < 0.05). The mean lung dose was significantly reduced by HT for thoracic and upper ECs (P < 0.05). The V20 (volume receiving at least 20 Gy) and higher dose volumes of the lungs were decreased by HT in all cases, but the differences were significant for thoracic, upper and distal ECs (P < 0.05), with reductions of 2.1%, 3.1% and 2.2%, respectively. HT resulted in a larger lung V5 for thoracic, upper, middle and distal ECs, with increases of 3.5%, 1.5%, 7.2% and 3.2%, respectively. Heart sparing was significantly better with HT than with ff-IMRT in terms of the V30 and V40 for thoracic, upper, middle and distal ECs (P < 0.05).Conclusions: Compared to ff-IMRT, HT provides superior target coverage, conformity and homogeneity, with reduced the volume of high doses to the lungs and heart for advanced EC. HT may be a treatment option for advanced EC, especially upper EC.
The Attenuation Capability ofSelected Steel Alloys for Nuclear Reactor Applications
Authors: El-Khameesy S. U. , M. Eissa M. , El-Fiki S. A. , El Shazly R. M. , Ghali S. N. , Saeed Aly
Published: November 2018

Neutronsand gamma ray attenuation of different steel grades (SS304, SS304L, SS316L, SS430, a modified high manganese-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel, and developed cobalt-free Maraging steel) was measured to study their capability to be used as nuclear reactor materials. The hardness and microstructure of the studied steel alloys were carried out using Vickers hardness and optical microscope respectively.Neutron and gamma rays measurements were carried out using a narrow beam transmissions geometry method. Measurements and calculations of gamma ray attenuation coefficients were carried out at energies 238.63, 338.28, 583.19, 911.2, 968.97, 1173.23, 1332.49, and 2614.51 keV. The transmitted gamma rays were detected by the Hyper Pure Germanium detector (HPGe), while, the neutron flux emitted from 241Am-Be neutron source was used to measure the neutron removal cross section for both slow and total neutrons. The transmitted beam of neutrons was measured under a good geometric conditions using 3He counter.A good agreement between experimental data of mass attenuation coefficients and theoretical results calculated by the WinXcom computer program (version 3.1) was obtained.
Preparation and Characterization of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles and Study Influence on Physical Properties of PVA/PVP nanocomposites
Authors: Abdelghany A. M. , S. Meikhail Mahrous. , ALdhabi A. A.
Published: November 2018

Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) ware prepared by â€œgreenâ€ synthesis extraction using the Chenopodium murale leaf extract, the obtained (Ag NPs and Au NPs) were investigated by UV/Vis. absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Zetasizer, XRD. The plant extraction leads to produce nanoparticles of spherical shape with size range from 4 to 22 nm.Â Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl Pyrolidone (PVP) blend with mixed silver and gold nanoparticles were prepared by casting method. Amorphous feather of doping polymers blend was characterized by X-ray diffraction. Significant changes within the polymer matrix were monitored from infrared spectroscopy which indicates the interaction between polymer blend and mixed nanoparticles. Both indirect and direct optical energy gaps are calculated and discussed.
Teaching Optics: Light Sources and Shadows
Authors: Voutsinos Charilaos
Published: November 2018

The study of students representations of physics concepts and phenomena constitutes a central part of Physics Education research, as they play a critical role in teaching. In the study presented here, we investigate 120 ninth grade students mental representations of the formation of shadows. The empirical data was gathered through an interview using four tasks which involved the evaluation of hypothetical situations. The research data included representations that cause difficulty in the comprehension of the position of a light source in relevance to the shadow.
Deformation potentials for Î”1 minimum of conduction band of single crystals n-Ge
Authors: Olexandr Burban , Sergiy Luniov , Petro Nazarchuk
Published: November 2018

Deformation potentialsÂ  Â eV Â Â and eV Â Â for âˆ†1 minimum of conduction band of single crystals Â n-Ge are defined on the basis of theory of the anisotropic scattering and experimental data of longitudinal piezo resistance for single crystals n-Ge for the case, when P||J||[100]. Pressure coefficients for âˆ† 1 minimum under uniaxial pressure along crystallographic directions [100], [110] [111] and hydrostatic pressure have been calculated taking into account the given parameters. The results show that the inversion of (L1-âˆ†1) type of absolute minimum in single crystals n-Ge can be implemented under hydrostatic and uniaxial pressures P||J||[100] Ñ– P||J||[110].
Hadronization properties in ï€« ï€­ e e annihilation at S ï€½ 60GeV centre of mass energy
Authors: Zomorrodian M.E. , Hasheminia M. , Mirjalili A.
Published: November 2018

The hadronic events from the experimental data , as well as the PYTHIA Monte-carlo data at the 60 GeV centreof mass energies are studied.We present the general properties of multihadron final states produced by e e ï€« ï€­ .Globalshape, inclusive charged-particle, and particle-flow distributions are presented. Our measurements are comparedwith QCD + fragmentation models that use either leading-logarithmic parton-shower evolution or QCD matrixelements at the parton level, and either string or cluster fragmentation for hadronization. Possible explanations forourcompariaon are presented in this paper.
Stability of Â¤-derivations on Lie CÂ¤-algebras
Authors: Kim Soo Hwan , Kim Ga Ya , Kim Seong Sik
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we investigate the stability and superstability problems for Â¤-derivationsassociated with the generalized Jensen type functional equationon Lie CÂ¤-algebras.
OPTICAL BAND GAP ANALYSIS OF NANO-CRYSTALLINE CERAMIC PbSrCaCuO
Authors: Isac Jayakumari
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTNano-crystalline Ceramic PbSrCaCuO have been prepared by a high-energy ball milling process through mechanically assisted synthesis. The prepared sample was then subjected to calcinations to acquire the desired homogeneity and phase formation. UV-VIS analysis of the sample was carried to study the optical properties of the sample. The band gap energy of the sample shows a marked variation in their value with the increase in temperature. The refractive index n was calculated andÂ  the results obtained is plottedÂ  with the wavelength. The refractive-index curves also show a systematic variation with temperature.
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE BEHAVIOR OF ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY IN NOBLE METALS AT LOW TEMPERATURES
Authors: AL-Jalali M
Published: November 2018

Resistivity temperature â€“ dependence and residual resistivity concentration-dependence in pure noble metals(Cu, Ag, Au) have been studied at low temperatures. Dominations of electron â€“ dislocation and impurity, electron-electron, and electron-phonon scattering were analyzed, contribution of these mechanisms to resistivity were discussed, taking into consideration existing theoretical models and available experimental data, where some new results and ideas were investigated.
Effect of Noise Pollution on the Health of Techniciansat Dental Laboratories in Duhok City â€“ Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors: Abdulgafar Sayran Arshad , H. Elias Badal , I. Abo Shilan
Published: November 2018

Noise pollution is one of the disturbing noise that may harm the activity of human life. Dental technicians are exposed to diverse noise levels while working in dental laboratories due to using different dental instruments. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the sound pressure levelsÂ  and its effects on the systolic and diastolic blood pressure , heart pulse rate , blood oxygen concentration , and hearing threshold levelÂ  for 20Â  techniciansÂ  workingÂ  in thegovernmental dental hospital and the most five popular Â laboratoriesÂ  in Duhok city, in Kurdistan region of Iraq.The mean sound pressure levelÂ  values in all studied laboratories were ranged between 56.6 and 68.7 dB(A), whereas the maximum sound level wasranged between 76.7 and 99 dB(A).The results of this study refers toÂ  existence of a significant relation correlated positively (P-value < 0.050)Â  for each of HTL at some frequencies for both right and left ear,Â  DBP and HPR while there was no a significant relation (P-value) for SBP and SpO2 %.Â
THE MAGNETIC FIELD EXPLAINED, USING MCMAHON FIELD THEORY (2010)
Authors: McMahon Casey
Published: November 2018

Here, I use the concepts of the McMahon field theory (2010) [1] to explain physically what the magnetic field is, how it arises, what it is made of and why we observe it. Other papers I have read explain the magnetic field as vectors only, in mathematical terms, not physical terms. Thus, I wanted a physical explanation of the magnetic field. This paper offers a physical explanation of what the magnetic field is, based on McMahon field theory (2010).
MAGNETIC AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF ELECTRON BEAM GUN DEPOSITED [Mn/Al] MULTILAYERED FILMS
Authors: Talari Sankarappa , Ramanna R. , Sujatha T. , Ashwajeet J.S. , Sadashivaiah P.J.
Published: November 2018

By following electron beam gun evaporation technique, the magnetic multilayers in the configuration, [Mn(60nm)/Al(20nm)]n; n =1, 2 and 9 were deposited at 473K,Â  under high vacuum conditions. From grazing incidence X- ray diffraction (GIXRD) studies, the grain sizes were determined and they were in the order of few nanometers. Atomic force microscope (AFM) were employed to study surface structure and grain sizes. The magnetization as a function of field at 150K and 200K have been measured using the MPMS SQUID - vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). From the hysteresis loops, coercive field, saturation magnetization, remanent magnetization and antiferromagnetic coupling were determined. All the three films hinted at the existence of at antiferromagnetic interaction between Mn layers through Al layer. Electrical resistivity in the temperature range from 5K to 300K has been measured. Films exhibited semiconducting to metallic transition. The power law variation of resistivity with temperature was established for the metallic region. Conductivity data for semiconducting region of a film has been analysed using polaran hopping models, activation energy and density of states at Fermi level were established. This is for the first time that antiferromagnetic coupling between Mn layers through interfacer layer and semiconducting to metallic transition have been noticed in the present configuration of [Mn/Al] multilayers.
MILD HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS, CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY OF LiV2O5
Authors: Ã§elik gÃ¼l GÃ¼lÅŸah , KurtuluÅŸ Figen
Published: November 2018

Anode materials with high storage capacity and high power density attract considerable interest because of recent advances in Li-ion battery used electronic devices. Vanadium based oxides are the one possible group. LiV2O5 was synthesized by hydrothermal method at 3 days (72 hours) and 180 ÂºC. Structural characterization was performed by powder X-ray diffractometer and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Morphology was scanned by scanning electron microscopy with energy disperse X-ray analysis. The first time synthesized material is crstallisized in orthorombic system with unit cell parameters a = 11.31, b = 9.552, c = 3.585 Ã… and space group Pmn21 (31).Â
Effect of rapid solidification on microstructure, creep resistance and thermal properties of Sn-10 wt.% Sb- 3 wt.% X ( X= In, Ag, Bi and Zn) lead-free solder alloys
Authors: Shalaby Rizk Mostafa
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe harmful effects of lead on the environment and human health, coupled with the threat of legislation, have prompted a serious search for lead-free solders for electronic packaging applications. The melt-spinning processes of ternary Sn-10 wt.%Sb-3 wt.%X (X=In, Ag, Bi and Zn) were analyzed using x-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Vickers hardness tester (HV). The investigation showed that, the addition of a small amount of the third element enhances the ductility of the Snâ€“10 wt.% Sb lead-free solder due to the formation of a fine, homogeneous ternary microstructure.. It is concluded that, the addition of 3.0 wt% Ag improves the grain size of the ternary microstructure. Moreover, SnSb intermetallic compound, precipitated finely from the solid tin solution near the grain boundaries with antimony. This fine precipitated intermetallic compound suppresses the coarsening of the ternary structure and thus enhances solder ductility. Structural and microstructural analysis revealed that the origin of change in mechanical behaviors was due to refined beta-Sn grains and formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) SnSb, InSn19, Î²-In3Sn and Ag3Sn. The results indicated that the melting point of Sn-10Sb-3 wt.% Ag and Sn-10 wt.%Sb- 3 wt.% Zn alloys reduced toÂ  230 and 240 ËšC respectively.Â  In particular, the zinc addition at 3 wt.%Â  is the most effective in improving solder ductility. The good creep resistance of Sn-10 wt.% Sb-3 wt.% Zn lead-free solder correlated to a large Î²-Sn grain size and complete soluble of SnSb IMC particles in the Î²-Sn matrix.
Optical properties of a thin layer of the Vanadium dioxide at the metal state
Authors: Benchaib Abderrahim , Mdaa Abdesselam , Zorkani Izeddine , Jorio Anouar
Published: November 2018

The vanadium dioxide VOâ‚‚ currently became very motivating for the nanotechnologiesâ€™ researchers. It makes party of the intelligent materials because these optical properties abruptly change semiconductor state with metal at a critical Â temperature Î¸ = 68Â°C. This transition from reversible phase is carried out from a monoclinical structure characterizing its semiconductor state at low temperature towards the metal state of this material which becomes tÃ©tragonal rutile for Â Î¸ Ëƒ 68Â°CÂ ; it is done during a few nanoseconds. Several studies were made on this material in a massive state and a thin layer. We will simulate by Maple the constant optics of a thin layer of VOâ‚‚ thickness z = 82 nm for the metal state according to the energy Ï‰ of the incidental photons in the energy interval: 0.001242 â‰¤ Ï‰(ev) â‰¤ 6, from the infra-red (I.R) to the ultra-violet (U.V) so as to be able to control the various technological nano applications, like the detectors I.R or the U.V,Â  the intelligent windows toÂ  increase Â the energy efficiency in the buildings in order to save the cost of energy consumption by electric air-conditioning and the paintings containing nano crystals of this material. The constant optics, which we will simulate, is: the index of refraction, the reflectivity, the transmittivity, the coefficient of extinction, the dielectric functions Ô‘â‚Â real part and Â Ô‘â‚‚Â  imaginary part of the permittivity complexes Ô‘ of this material and the coefficient absorption.Â
Electron transport in double bridges system
Authors: Abdul-Hussein W. A. , Abd J S
Published: November 2018

In this paper we investigate theoretically the effect of introducing wide band, and Narrow band approximations for the bridge energy band on the electron transport process (ET) through the donor-bridges-acceptor (DBA) system. We using one electron model, for which the Hamiltonian of the system consists of a single-level for both Donor and Accepter (i.e. QD) both coupled to a band bridge as a tight binding interaction. The time dependent SchrÃ¶dinger equation give us a formula for the occupation probabilities for donor and acceptor levels. The probability of (ET) to the accepter is smaller than for the longer bridge spacer between donor and acceptor. Also, we calculated the current and theÂ  effect of different system parameters are studied.
Nonplannar Nonlinear Dust ion Acoustics Solitary and Shock Waves in a Dusty Multi-ion Plasma
Authors: Hossain Md. Alamgir , S. Duha S. , A. Mamun A.
Published: November 2018

We have presented a stern theoretical exploration of the nonplannar and nonlinear propagation ofÂ dust-ion acoustic (DIA) waves in a dusty multi-ion plasma. We studied the progation of nonplannarÂ non-linear DIA waves by the reductive perturbation method which leads to the the derivation ofÂ the Burgers [Korteweg de-Vries (K-dV)] equation for the shock (solitary) wave propagation. TheÂ shock (solitary) waves are found to be formed in a multi-ion dusty plasma due to the balanceÂ between nonlinearity and dissipation (dispersion), and that the dissipation (dispersion) arises dueÂ to the dust charge fluctuation (deviation of charge neutrality condition). We have analized theÂ effects of nonplannar and nonlinear geometry on the DIA shock and solitary waves propagatingÂ in such a dusty multi-ion plasma. We have shown that the nonplanar (cylindrical and spherical)Â solitary and shock structures are significantly different from planner ones.