bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pushing the Boundaries of Ampullectomy for Benign Ampullary Tumors: 25-Year Outcomes of Surgical Ampullary Resection Associated with Duodenectomy or Biliary Resection
Authors: Sorribas Maria , Carnaval Thiago , Secanella Luis , Peláez Núria , Salord Silvia , Gornals Joan B. , Leiva David , Serrano Teresa , Fabregat Joan , Busquets Juli
Published: November 2024

Background: Surgical resection for ampullary lesions lacks clear guidelines. Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is the standard treatment for malignant ampullary tumors but is often excessive for ampullary adenomas (AAs) due to its high morbidity and mortality. Transduodenal ampullectomy (TDA) is generally reserved for small benign lesions where endoscopic treatment fails, but its role in early ampullary cancers is debatable. This study presents our 25-year outcomes with TDA for benign ampullary tumors. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study with prospectively collected data from patients with benign ampullary lesions who underwent TDA between January 1996 and November 2023. Primary outcomes were the 30-day overall and severe (Clavien–Dindo ≥ IIIa) morbidity rates and the 90-day mortality rate. Categoric variables were presented as absolute and relative frequencies, and quantitative variables were presented as means (standard deviation, SD) or medians (range or interquartile range, IQR). Results: Fifty-three patients (29 male; mean [SD] age 62.5 [14.6] years) underwent TDA. The 30-day morbidity rate was 32.1% (17/53 patients), with five (9.4%) cases being severe. The 90-day mortality rate was 1.9%. Definitive histopathology identified 38 (71.7%) AAs and five (9.4%) infiltrating ampullary adenocarcinomas, two (40.0%) of which required subsequent PD. Six (11.3%) patients experienced recurrence. Overall, nine (16.9%) patients died. Conclusions: TDA is a safe and effective technique with acceptable morbidity for non-infiltrating lesions, especially in patients with poor clinical status. Choosing between TDA and PD depends on tumor size, dysplasia grade, and institutional expertise. Lifelong endoscopic surveillance post-TDA is essential for timely recurrence detection.
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Reduced-Dose Prasugrel After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Taiwanese Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Chang Hsun-Hao , Hung Chi-Feng , Chen Yen-Ju , Fang Ching-Chang
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The efficacy and safety of reduced-dose prasugrel (loading dose/maintenance dose: 20/3.75 mg) in preventing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have been well-estab-lished. However, long-term real-world data for this population remains limited in Taiwan. Methods: This study enrolled 226 Taiwanese ACS patients (with 448 lesions) who received reduced-dose pra-sugrel after PCI and completed one year of follow-up. Results: The primary efficacy outcome was the in-cidence of MACEs. After one year, the MACE rate was 7.1% (16/226). A comparative analysis of MACEs was conducted across subgroups stratified by age (<75 vs. ≥75 years), body mass index (<25 vs. ≥25 kg/m2), body weight (<60 vs. ≥60 kg), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (<60 vs. ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2). Patients with impaired renal function had a 4.03-fold higher risk (95% con-fidence interval = 1.37–11.90, p = 0.01) of MACEs than those with optimal renal function. The primary safety endpoint was major bleeding events (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium types 3 or 5), which occurred in 0.8% (2/226) of patients, all gastrointestinal. The secondary end-point was net adverse clinical events (NACEs), a composite of MACEs and major bleeding, with an observed rate of 8.0% (18/226). Conclusions: Reduced-dose prasugrel demonstrated both safety and efficacy in Taiwanese ACS patients undergoing PCI.
The Loss of Tafazzin Transacetylase Activity Is Sufficient to Drive Testicular Infertility
Authors: Snider Paige L. , Sierra Potchanant Elizabeth A. , Matias Catalina , Edwards Donna M. , Brault Jeffrey J. , Conway Simon J.
Published: November 2024

Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a rare, infantile-onset, X-linked mitochondriopathy exhibiting a variable presentation of failure to thrive, growth insufficiency, skeletal myopathy, neutropenia, and heart anomalies due to mitochondrial dysfunction secondary to inherited TAFAZZIN transacetylase mutations. Although not reported in BTHS patients, male infertility is observed in several Tafazzin (Taz) mouse alleles and in a Drosophila mutant. Herein, we examined the male infertility phenotype in a BTHS-patient-derived D75H point-mutant knockin mouse (TazPM) allele that expresses a mutant protein lacking transacetylase activity. Neonatal and adult TazPM testes were hypoplastic, and their epididymis lacked sperm. Histology and biomarker analysis revealed TazPM spermatogenesis is arrested prior to sexual maturation due to an inability to undergo meiosis and the generation of haploid spermatids. Moreover, TazPM testicular mitochondria were found to be structurally abnormal, and there was an elevation of p53-dependent apoptosis within TazPM seminiferous tubules. Immunoblot analysis revealed that TazPM gamete genome integrity was compromised, and both histone γ-H2Ax and Nucleoside diphosphate kinase-5 protein expression were absent in juvenile TazPM testes when compared to controls. We demonstrate that Taz-mediated transacetylase activity is required within mitochondria for normal spermatogenesis, and its absence results in meiotic arrest. We hypothesize that elevated TazPM spermatogonial apoptosis causes azoospermia and complete infertility.
Patient Experience and Wound Healing Outcomes Using Different Palatal Protection Methods After Free Gingival Grafts: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jankowski Tomasz , Jankowska Agnieszka , Palczewska-Komsa Mirona , Jedliński Maciej , Kazimierczak Wojciech , Janiszewska-Olszowska Joanna
Published: November 2024

(1) Background: A free gingival graft (FGG) is a common technique used to reconstruct or enhance the area of keratinized mucosa, while a connective tissue graft (CTG) is utilized to boost soft tissue thickness, thereby promoting stability in interproximal marginal bone levels. Most reported complications following FGG procedure are associated with the donor site. In addition to a painful, open wound in the palate, the most frequent complications linked to FGG harvesting include excessive bleeding, postoperative bone exposure, and recurrent herpes lesions. Numerous methods for securing the donor site after a free gingival graft surgery have been documented in research publications. The main objective of this systematic review was to assess various techniques for protecting the palate after graft harvesting and their impact on patient experience, with a focus on pain management. The secondary objective was to evaluate these techniques in relation to donor site wound healing. (2) Methods: The search was performed across four databases: Medline (PubMed Central), Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and the recommendations set forth in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The initial search took place on 9 October 2023, followed by an update on 28 June 2024. The search utilized the following keywords: (“wound” OR “injury”) AND (“graft” OR “free gingival graft” OR “graft harvesting”) AND (“healing” OR “recovery”) AND “palate”. (3) Results: After conducting the follow-up search, a total of 958 papers were identified: 193 from PubMed, 314 from Scopus, 101 from Web of Science, and 350 from Embase. Ultimately, of the 49 papers that remained, 11 were excluded due to not fulfilling the inclusion criteria, leaving 38 full-text papers on free gingival grafts (FGG) for qualitative analysis. (4) Conclusions: Various methods for palatal protection after free gingival grafts (FGG) are described in the literature, stemming from biological, physical, or chemical sources. Most studies in this review examined platelet-rich fibrin and suggested that it provides no benefits for patients’ subjective experiences or wound healing outcomes. While photobiomodulation appears to support wound epithelialization, it does not influence pain perception. Alternatives such as propolis, hyaluronic acid, and medicinal plant extracts show potential for palatal protection; however, further research is needed to thoroughly evaluate their effectiveness.
Gaming Platforms for People with ASD
Authors: Chaidi Irini , Pergantis Pantelis , Drigas Athanasios , Karagiannidis Charalampos
Published: November 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has a significant impact on a person’s social, emotional, and communication functioning. According to research, individualized instruction can significantly improve these deficits. One of the most successful methods of achieving this outcome is by gaming platforms that provide serious games (SGs). This article is a systematic review study using the PRISMA diagram that delves into current research on the characteristics and design criteria of serious gaming platforms suitable for people with autism, presenting the benefits of using serious gaming platforms and highlighting the importance of differentiated strategy and planning, as well as disadvantages such as financial cost and complexity. According to the conclusions of this analysis, the bulk of these programs focus on prototyping and strengthening social and emotional abilities. It is also emphasized that platforms aiming at a bigger audience of persons with ASD, as well as a larger sample size, are required.
A Study on Welding Sensitivity Assessment and Deformation Control of International Maritime Organization Type C Liquefied Natural Gas Fuel Tank Support Structures Using the Direct Inherent Strain Method
Authors: Park Dong-Hee , Yang Jin-Hyuk , Kim Sung-Hoon , Kim Jeong-Hyeon , Lee Jae-Myung
Published: November 2024

The increasing burden on shipowners and shipping companies due to environmental regulations imposed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has led to the adoption of various compliance strategies, including the use of low-sulfur fuel, installation of scrubbers, and the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as an alternative fuel. LNG is particularly prevalent in dual-fuel propulsion ships, with the IMO Type C tank being the most commonly used storage facility. The structure of the IMO Type C tank comprises a pressure vessel and supporting saddles, which can be integrated or separate systems. Despite being manufactured within specified tolerances, welding-induced deformation of the tank and saddle is inevitable since the saddle is welded directly onto the hull. In integrated tank–saddle systems, this deformation can lead to cracks in the epoxy resin, which has lower strength and stiffness, as well as burn damage to the resin and wooden blocks from welding heat. In separate tank–saddle systems, installation difficulties can arise due to interference between the fuel tank system and adjacent structures, such as insulation or the fuel preparation room (FPR), resulting from saddle deformation caused by welding. This study analyzes the sensitivity of all weld lines involved in saddle installation using the direct inherent strain (DIS) method. Based on this analysis, the initial welding deformations are evaluated in relation to the welding direction and sequence. Finally, an optimized method for saddle installation is proposed to minimize deformation.
Navigability of Liquefied Natural Gas Carriers Along the Northern Sea Route
Authors: Ma Long , Qian Sihan , Dong Haihui , Fan Jiemin , Xu Jin , Cao Liang , Xu Shuai , Li Xiaowen , Cai Chengcheng , Huang Yuanyuan , Cheng Min
Published: November 2024

As Arctic sea ice continues to melt and global demand for clean energy rises, Russia’s Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) exports via the Northern Sea Route (NSR) are rapidly increasing. To ensure the operational safety of LNG carriers and safeguard the economic interests of stakeholders, including shipowners, a thorough assessment of the navigability of various ice-class LNG carriers along this route is essential. This study collected Arctic ice condition data from 2014 to 2023 and applied the Polar Operational Limit Assessment Risk Indexing System (POLARIS) methodology to calculate the Risk Index Outcome (RIO) for LNG carriers with No Ice Class, Arc4, and Arc7 ice classifications in Arctic waters. A navigability threshold of 95% RIO ≥ 0 was established to define navigable windows, and critical waters were identified where sections of the route remain in hazardous or risky conditions year-round. The results indicate that for No Ice Class vessels, Arc4 vessels, and Arc7 vessels, the navigable windows for westbound Route 1 and Route 2 under light, normal, and heavy ice conditions range from 70 to 133 days, 70 to 365 days, and 70 to 365 days, respectively, while for eastbound Route 3, the navigable windows range from 0 to 84 days, 0 to 238 days, and 7 to 365 days, respectively. The critical waters affecting the navigability of No Ice Class vessels, Arc4 vessels, and Arc7 vessels are primarily located in the Kara Sea, Laptev Sea and East Siberian Sea. This study, using the POLARIS methodology, provides valuable insights into the navigability of LNG carriers with different ice classes along the NSR, supporting the development and utilization of Arctic energy and shipping routes while offering decision-making support for stakeholders involved in Arctic maritime operations.
High-Resolution 3D Geological Modeling of Three-Phase Zone Coexisting Hydrate, Gas, and Brine
Authors: Yu Han , Wang Ju , Deng Wei , Kuang Zenggui , Li Tingwei , Lei Zhangshu
Published: November 2024

Three-dimensional geological modeling is essential for simulating natural gas hydrate (NGH) productivity and formulating development strategies. Current approaches primarily concentrate on the single-phase modeling of either hydrate or free gas layers. However, an increasing number of instances suggest that the three-phase coexistence zone, which includes hydrate, gas, and water, is common and has become a focal point of international research, as this type of reservoir may present the most viable opportunities for exploitation. At present, there exists a significant gap in the research regarding modeling techniques for such reservoirs. This study undertakes a comprehensive modeling investigation of the three-phase zone reservoir situated in the sand layer of the Qiongdongnan Basin. By employing deterministic complex geological modeling techniques and integrating existing seismic and logging data, we have developed a three-phase coexistence zone model that precisely characterizes the interactions between geological structures and utilizes them as auxiliary constraints. This approach effectively mitigates the potential impact of complex geological conditions on model accuracy. Through a comprehensive analysis of 105 seismic profiles, we enhanced the model’s accuracy, resulting in the creation of a three-phase coexistence zone model comprising 350,000 grids. A comparison between the modeling results and well data indicates a relatively small error margin, offering valuable insights for future development efforts. Furthermore, this method serves as a reference for modeling hydrates in marine environments characterized by three-phase coexistence on a global scale.
The Future of Pharmacogenomics: Integrating Epigenetics, Nutrigenomics, and Beyond
Authors: Shaman Jeffrey A.
Published: November 2024

Pharmacogenomics (PGx) has revolutionized personalized medicine by empowering the tailoring of drug treatments based on individual genetic profiles. However, the complexity of drug response mechanisms necessitates the integration of additional biological and environmental factors. This article explores integrating epigenetics, nutrigenomics, microbiomes, protein interactions, exosomes, and metabolomics with PGx to enhance personalized medicine. In addition to discussing these scientific advancements, we examine the regulatory and ethical challenges of translating multi-omics into clinical practice, including considerations of data privacy, regulatory oversight, and equitable access. By framing these factors within the context of Medication Adherence, Medication Appropriateness, and Medication Adverse Events (MA3), we aim to refine therapeutic strategies, improve drug efficacy, and minimize adverse effects, with the goal of improving personalized medicine. This approach has the potential to benefit patients, healthcare providers, payers, and the healthcare system as a whole by enabling more precise and effective treatments.
Relationship Between Short-Term Blood Pressure Variability and Choroidal–Retinal Thicknesses Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography in Hypertensive Subjects
Authors: Carollo Caterina , Vadalà Maria , Ferrara Marta , Chisci Enea , La Felice Alberto , Di Natale Katia Valeria , Sorce Alessandra , Bonfiglio Vincenza Maria Elena , Mulè Giuseppe
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The complications of hypertension depend not only on the mean blood pressure (BP) but also on its variability (BPV). Recent studies suggest that the choroid may serve as an indicator of systemic vascular damage. These studies have been made possible by the increased availability of optical coherence tomography (OCT). The aim of our study was to analyze the relationship between short-term BP variability (STBPV) and choroid–retinal thickness in hypertensive patients. Methods: A total of 98 patients with a mean age of 49 ± 12 years were enrolled in the study. All participants underwent 24 h blood pressure (BP) monitoring to measure 24 h mean systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), along with their respective standard deviations (SD), the weighted SD of 24 h SBP and DBP, and the average real variability (ARV) of 24 h SBP and DBP. The choroid–retinal region was assessed using Swept-Source OCT, with choroidal thickness (ChT) and retinal thickness divided into three concentric rings, and their mean choroidal thickness (ChT-or) was calculated. Results: The choroidal thickness of the concentric rings was found to be inversely correlated with all ARV values of the monitored blood pressure means. In particular, a correlation was observed between the ARV of daytime DBP and ChT-or. This correlation remained statistically significant (β = −0.34; p = 0.02) even after adjustment for various confounding factors. The ARV of daytime DBP was the only STBPV index to maintain a significant association, in the multivariate analysis, with the central ring mean thickness (β = −0.314; p = 0.001) and the inner choroidal ring mean thickness (β = −0.262; p = 0.003). Conclusions: Our study demonstrated an independent negative association between short-term BP variability (STBPV), when expressed as ARV of daytime DBP, and choroidal thickness. This finding confirms the value of choroidal thickness as a marker of cardiovascular risk.
Reforming Land Public Interest Litigation in China: Addressing Legal and Practical Barriers
Authors: Zhang Jing , Tang Shuchen , Cui Yongcun , Ji Aitong
Published: November 2024

Land public interest litigation (LPIL) has emerged as a vital mechanism for addressing China’s land crisis. It serves dual purposes: mitigating the tragedy of the commons and safeguarding the legitimate rights of vulnerable groups reliant on land. Over the past decade, China’s LPIL framework has evolved significantly, with enhanced legislation and consistent judicial practices contributing to the prevention of further land degradation. However, an empirical analysis of 208 LPIL cases reveals a judiciary-led litigation model, with procuratorial bodies initiating 94.71% of cases, while non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and individuals account for only 3.85% and 0%, respectively. This narrow plaintiff base, coupled with significant regional disparities—74.52% of cases concentrated in the top ten provinces—and a mere 25% filing rate for administrative cases, limits the system’s effectiveness. These constraints hinder vulnerable groups’ ability to protect their rights and obscure systemic issues underlying efficient operations. To advance LPIL, China must expand plaintiff eligibility, empower NGOs, and clarify departmental boundaries. These reforms can enhance land governance, ensure equitable resource management, and contribute to sustainable development.
Impacts of Changes in Oasis Farmland Patterns on Carbon Storage in Arid Zones—A Case Study of the Xinjiang Region
Authors: Meng Shanshan , Ding Jianli , Wang Jinjie , Zhao Shuang , Zhang Zipeng
Published: November 2024

Xinjiang is a representative dry area in China characterized by oasis agriculture. In recent decades, the amount of farmland has increased considerably. For the regional objectives of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”, it is essential to investigate the carbon effects induced by large-scale changes in farmland. This research integrates the PLUS and InVEST models to calculate the carbon effects resulting from the spatiotemporal changes in farmland distribution in Xinjiang. It quantitatively assesses the changes in land-use patterns and carbon storage under four scenarios for 2035—natural development (ND), economic development (ED), ecological protection (EP), and farmland protection (FP)—and explores the spatial agglomeration degree of the carbon effect of cultivated land area change. The analysis reveals the following: (1) From 1990 to 2020, the farmland area in Xinjiang showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, resulting in a total increase of 33,328.53 km2 over the 30-year period. The newly added farmland primarily came from grassland and unused land. (2) The terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage in Xinjiang showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing, with an increase of 57.49 Tg in 30 years. The centroid of carbon storage was located in the northwestern part of the Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, showing an overall southwestward shift. Changes in farmland area contributed to a regional carbon storage increase of 45.03 Tg. The contribution of farmland to carbon storage increased by 3.42%. (3) In 2035, the carbon storage value of different scenarios will increase compared with 2020, and the carbon sink of cultivated land will be the maximum under the cultivated land protection scenario. (4) There is a strong spatial positive correlation between the changes in carbon storage caused by the change in cultivated land area in Xinjiang, and there are more hot spots than cold spots. The carbon storage changes under farmland transformation have the characteristics of “high-high” clustering and “low-low” clustering. Future territorial spatial planning in Xinjiang should comprehensively coordinate ecological protection and farmland conservation measures, improve regional carbon sink capacity, and achieve green and sustainable development.
Unearthing Agricultural Land Use Dynamics in Indonesia: Between Food Security and Policy Interventions
Authors: Faoziyah Uly , Rosyaridho Muhammad Faruk , Panggabean Romauli
Published: November 2024

Despite its essential and irreplaceable role in food security, the agricultural sector is often perceived as having the potential to be sacrificed in the name of economic growth, leading to significant land cover transformation into built-up areas and plantations. This complexity prompts critical questions regarding the efficacy of agricultural policy interventions, including augmenting production capacity, diversifying commodities, and expanding agricultural land in light of Indonesia Emas 2045, which embodies Indonesia’s ambitious multidimensional developmental transformation. This study employed a system dynamic approach with region-based closed feedback, focusing on four primary commodities: rice, cassava, corn, and palm oil. It concludes that food vulnerability will become increasingly severe by 2045, particularly in Java Island, which, despite being the sole area with a food surplus, is also experiencing escalating development pressures. In other regions, this pressure transforms transitory land from areas growing rice to areas growing other agricultural commodities, and subsequently to built-up land. The policy intervention scenario, albeit less impactful in reflecting substantial land cover changes nationally, can facilitate swift commodity production. This study emphasizes the necessity of intensifying rather than expanding agricultural land.
Therapeutic Options in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Classic Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors to Multi-Target Drugs with Pleiotropic Activity
Authors: Cacabelos Ramón , Martínez-Iglesias Olaia , Cacabelos Natalia , Carrera Iván , Corzo Lola , Naidoo Vinogran
Published: November 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex/multifactorial brain disorder involving hundreds of defective genes, epigenetic aberrations, cerebrovascular alterations, and environmental risk factors. The onset of the neurodegenerative process is triggered decades before the first symptoms appear, probably due to a combination of genomic and epigenetic phenomena. Therefore, the primary objective of any effective treatment is to intercept the disease process in its presymptomatic phases. Since the approval of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (Tacrine, Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine) and Memantine, between 1993 and 2003, no new drug was approved by the FDA until the advent of immunotherapy with Aducanumab in 2021 and Lecanemab in 2023. Over the past decade, more than 10,000 new compounds with potential action on some pathogenic components of AD have been tested. The limitations of these anti-AD treatments have stimulated the search for multi-target (MT) drugs. In recent years, more than 1000 drugs with potential MT function have been studied in AD models. MT drugs aim to address the complex and multifactorial nature of the disease. This approach has the potential to offer more comprehensive benefits than single-target therapies, which may be limited in their effectiveness due to the intricate pathology of AD. A strategy still unexplored is the combination of epigenetic drugs with MT agents. Another option could be biotechnological products with pleiotropic action, among which nosustrophine-like compounds could represent an attractive, although not definitive, example.
Interactive Friction Modelling and Digitally Enhanced Evaluation of Lubricant Performance During Aluminium Hot Stamping
Authors: Yang Xiao , Liu Heli , Wu Vincent , Politis Denis J. , Wang Liliang
Published: November 2024

Conventional lubricant testing methods focus on lab-scale constant contact conditions, which cannot represent the scenarios in actual hot-stamping processes. In recent studies, the concept of the ‘digital characteristics (DC)’ of metal forming has been proposed by unveiling the intrinsic nature of the specific forming, which presents a timely solution to address this challenge. In this work, the transient behaviours of three dedicated lubricants during the hot stamping of AA6111 material were investigated considering the effects of various contact conditions using an advanced friction testing system, and the interactive friction modelling was established accordingly. The lubricant limit diagram (LLD) of each lubricant was then generated to quantitatively evaluate the lubricant performance following the complex tool–workpiece interactions based on the tribological DCs, and a detailed investigation on the lubricant failure regions was conducted based on the interactive friction modelling. Finally, the industrial application index (IAI) was proposed and defined as a comprehensive evaluation of lubricant applications in the industry, and the most suitable lubricant was identified among the three candidates for mass production.
State of the Art in Incremental Forming: Process Variants, Tooling, Industrial Applications for Complex Part Manufacturing and Sustainability of the Process
Authors: Popp Gabriela-Petruța , Racz Sever-Gabriel , Breaz Radu-Eugen , Oleksik Valentin Ștefan , Popp Mihai-Octavian , Morar Dana-Elena , Chicea Anca-Lucia , Popp Ilie-Octavian
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the development and application of the incremental forming process, an innovative method for manufacturing complex parts with high flexibility and low tooling costs. The review categorizes three key process variants: Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF), Two Point Incremental Forming (TPIF), and Incremental Forming with Conjugated Active Plate (IFCAP). This study demonstrates the significant effects of these process variants on part accuracy and material behavior, particularly under varying process conditions. This study identifies critical technological parameters such as tool diameter, feed rate, and vertical step size. The findings also demonstrate the role of optimized toolpaths and lubrication in improving process efficiency. Applications of incremental forming across various industries, including automotive, aerospace, medical, and construction, demonstrate its versatility in prototype production and small-series manufacturing. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of incremental forming, offering practical recommendations to enhance precision, scalability, and material formability, and supporting future innovations and broader industrial applications.
Evaluating Impact of Thermo-Oxidative and Ultraviolet Aging on Performance of Hot In-Place Recycled Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Guan Yao , Zhang Yao , Sang Tianyi , Ding Yifeng , Yan Zichao , Kang Aihong
Published: November 2024

Hot in-place recycling (HIR) is a sustainable pavement rehabilitation method. However, it is susceptible to aging processes that can compromise its mechanical properties and long-term performance. This study investigates the effects of thermo-oxidative (TO) and ultraviolet (UV) aging on HIR mixtures. Basic performance tests were conducted on the aggregate gradation, moisture content, and asphalt content of the reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) to assess the aging level. Simulations of long-term and short-term oxidative aging of the HIR mixture, along with 12 months of UV irradiation, were performed to evaluate its high-temperature stability, low-temperature crack resistance, and water stability. The Verhulst model was employed to establish a predictive equation for performance attenuation under UV aging. To quantify the photoaging effect, indicators for UV aging degree were proposed to characterize the road performance of the HIR mixture, including the aging rate and the aging residual index. Results indicate that the improvement in high-temperature performance after aging is limited, but cracking resistance decreases substantially. Notably, the flexural tensile strain was reduced by 129.25 με for 10 years of TO aging compared to 12 months of UV exposure, underscoring the importance of considering environmental factors in performance predictions. This study emphasizes the need for enhanced aging mitigation strategies to improve the sustainability and reliability of HIR mixtures in practical applications.
Vortex-Mixing Microfluidic Fabrication of Micafungin-Loaded Magnetite–Salicylic Acid–Silica Nanocomposite with Sustained-Release Capacity
Authors: Mercan Doina-Antonia , Niculescu Adelina-Gabriela , Bîrcă Alexandra Cătălina , Cristea Diana-Elena , Moroșan Alina , Tudorache Dana-Ionela , Purcăreanu Bogdan , Vasile Bogdan Ștefan , Radu Dana , Grigoroscuta Mihai Alexandru , Hadibarata Tony , Mihaiescu Dan Eduard , Grumezescu Alexandru Mihai
Published: November 2024

Iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using a vortex microfluidic system and subsequently functionalized with a primary shell of salicylic acid, recognized for its ability to increase the stability and biocompatibility of coated materials. In the second stage, the vortex platform was placed in a magnetic field to facilitate the growth and development of a porous silica shell. The selected drug for this study was micafungin, an antifungal agent well regarded for its effectiveness in combating fungal infections and identified as a priority compound by the World Health Organization (WHO). The resulting nanocomposite system was characterized using various techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). The synthesis method produced nanoparticles with dimensions of 5–7 nm, highlighting the advantages of the chosen approach. A desorption profile was established using a continuous-flow, UV-Vis analysis system, indicating that the bioactive compound was released slowly; after two hours, approximately 50% of the loaded micafungin was detected in the release medium. Furthermore, the results obtained from the FT-ICR MS analysis provided molecular-level confirmation, thereby supporting the release mechanism of micafungin from the nanosystem.
Influence of Particle Rotation on the Shear Characteristics of Calcareous-Sand and Silica-Bead Granular Materials
Authors: Li Tao , Shu Jiajun , Wu Yuming , Li Yue , Wu Bingni , Deng Zhengding , Huang Jingzhu , Galindo Rubén , Molina Gómez Fausto
Published: November 2024

The shear strength and resistance of granular materials are critical indicators in geotechnical engineering and infrastructure construction. Both sliding and rotation influence the energy evolution of soil granular motion during shear. To examine the effects of particle rotation on shear damage and energy evolution in granular systems, we first describe the transformation of irregularly shaped particles into regular shapes via geometrical parameters, ensuring the invariance of energy density and density. We then analyze the impact of particle rotation on shear-stress variation and energy dissipation through a shear energy evolution equation. Additionally, we establish the relationship between the shear-stress ratio and normal stress, considering particle rotation. Finally, we verify the influence of particle rotation on energy evolution and shear damage through shear tests on irregular calcareous sand and regular silica-bead particles. The results indicate that granular materials do not fully comply with the Coulomb strength criterion. In the initial shear stage, most of the external work is converted into granular rotational-shear energy, whereas in the later stage, it primarily shifts to granular sliding-shear energy. Notably, the sensitivity of the granular rotational energy to a vertical load is significantly greater than that of the granular sliding energy.
Optimizing Suitable Mechanical Properties for a Biocompatible Beta-Titanium Alloy by Combining Plastic Deformation with Solution Treatment
Authors: Irimescu Raluca Elena , Raducanu Doina , Nocivin Anna , Cojocaru Elisabeta Mirela , Cojocaru Vasile Danut , Zarnescu-Ivan Nicoleta
Published: November 2024

The microstructural and mechanical features were investigated for the alloy Ti-36.5Nb-4.5Zr-3Ta-0.16O (wt.%) subjected to thermo-mechanical processing consisting of a series of hot and cold rolling combined with solution treatments with particular parameters. The objective was to find the optimal thermo-mechanical treatment variant to improve the mechanical properties, and namely, to increase the yield tensile strength (YTS) and the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), with a low modulus of elasticity and with an adequate ductility in order to obtain a good biomaterial appropriate for use in hard tissue implants. X-ray diffraction and SEM microscopy served to investigate the microstructural features: the type of formed phases with their morphology, dimensions, and distribution. The experimental alloy presented mainly a β-phase with some α″-Ti martensitic phase in particular stages of the processing scheme. The main mechanical properties were found by applying a tensile test, from which were determined the yield tensile strength [MPa], the ultimate tensile strength [MPa], Young’s modulus of elasticity [GPa], and the elongation to fracture (%).
Numerical Analysis of Bionic Inlet Nozzle Effects on Squirrel-Cage Fan Flow Characteristics
Authors: Zhou Hao , Wang Wei , Hu Tiancong , Wang Jun
Published: November 2024

In order to improve the inlet distortion of the squirrel-cage fan, this study proposes a parametric design method for the bionic structure of the inlet nozzle generatrix, which is spliced by multiple sinusoidal curves, based on the bionic structure of the humpback whale flipper leading-edge nodule. The geometric shape of the bionic generatrix is controlled by three parameters: the number of segments n, the amplitude ratio Tm, and the amplitude of the last curve An. These parameters are optimized through orthogonal tests and numerical simulations, with the aim of improving the fan’s aerodynamic efficiency. Based on the selected solution, a comparative analysis is conducted to examine the impact of cylindrical, conical, and bionic inlet nozzles on inlet distortion and flow evolution within the centrifugal fan. Numerical calculations demonstrate that the fan’s maximum total efficiency, with a bionic inlet nozzle designed in a rational manner, is 5.46% higher than that of the original fan and is 2.01% higher than that of the fan with a conical inlet nozzle. The proposed bionic structure can create a buffer zone at the fan’s inlet, thereby reducing the region of high vorticity caused by the separated flow. Consequently, this improvement leads to enhanced uniformity at the impeller’s inlet. Furthermore, the design method proposed in this study for the inlet nozzle’s bionic structure effectively regulates the airflow angle near the impeller shroud, thereby enhancing the fan’s inlet distortion and improving its overall aerodynamic performance.
Optimization of Adaptive Sliding Mode Controllers Using Customized Metaheuristics in DC-DC Buck-Boost Converters
Authors: Zambrano-Gutierrez Daniel F. , Cruz-Duarte Jorge M. , Castañeda Herman , Avina-Cervantes Juan Gabriel
Published: November 2024

Metaheuristics have become popular tools for solving complex optimization problems; however, the overwhelming number of tools and the fact that many are based on metaphors rather than mathematical foundations make it difficult to choose and apply them to real engineering problems. This paper addresses this challenge by automatically designing optimization algorithms using hyper-heuristics as a master tool. Hyper-heuristics produce customized metaheuristics by combining simple heuristics, guiding a population of initially random individuals to a solution that satisfies the design criteria. As a case study, the obtained metaheuristic tunes an Adaptive Sliding Mode Controller to improve the dynamic response of a DC-DC Buck–Boost converter under various operating conditions (such as overshoot and settling time), including nonlinear disturbances. Specifically, our hyper-heuristic obtained a tailored metaheuristic composed of Genetic Crossover- and Swarm Dynamics-type operators. The goal is to build the metaheuristic solver that best fits the problem and thus find the control parameters that satisfy a predefined performance. The numerical results reveal the reliability and potential of the proposed methodology in finding suitable solutions for power converter control design. The system overshoot was reduced from 87.78% to 0.98%, and the settling time was reduced from 31.90 ms to 0.4508 ms. Furthermore, statistical analyses support our conclusions by comparing the custom metaheuristic with recognized methods such as MadDE, L-SHADE, and emerging metaheuristics. The results highlight the generated optimizer’s competitiveness, evidencing the potential of Automated Algorithm Design to develop high-performance solutions without manual intervention.
Noise-to-State Stability of Random Coupled Kuramoto Oscillators via Feedback Control
Authors: Tian Ning , Liu Xiaoqi , Kang Rui , Peng Cheng , Li Jiaxi , Gao Shang
Published: November 2024

This paper is intended to study noise-to-state stability in probability (NSSP) for random coupled Kuramoto oscillators with input control (RCKOIC). A feedback control is designed, which makes us give the existence and uniqueness of a solution for RCKOIC. Based on Kirchhoff’s matrix tree theorem in graph theory, an original and appropriate Lyapunov function for RCKOIC is established. With the help of the Lyapunov method and by resorting to some analysis skills, NSSP for RCKOIC with an arbitrarily coupled topological structure and second-order moment process stochastic disturbance is acquired. Finally, the effectiveness of the obtained results is verified by a numerical test and its simulation process.
Enhanced Projection Method for the Solution of the System of Nonlinear Equations Under a More General Assumption than Pseudo-Monotonicity and Lipschitz Continuity
Authors: Muangchoo Kanikar , Abubakar Auwal Bala
Published: November 2024

In this manuscript, we propose an efficient algorithm for solving a class of nonlinear operator equations. The algorithm is an improved version of previously established method. The algorithm’s features are as follows: (i) the search direction is bounded and satisfies the sufficient descent condition; (ii) the global convergence is achieved when the operator is continuous and satisfies a condition weaker than pseudo-monotonicity. Moreover, by comparing it with previously established method the algorithm’s efficiency was shown. The comparison was based on the iteration number required for each algorithm to solve a particular problem and the time taken. Some benchmark test problems, which included monotone and pseudo-monotone problems, were considered for the experiments. Lastly, the algorithm was utilized to solve the logistic regression (prediction) model.
Analyzing Chemical Decay in Environmental Nanomaterials Using Gamma Distribution with Hybrid Censoring Scheme
Authors: Ahmad Hanan Haj , Ramadan Dina A. , Aboshady Mohamed
Published: November 2024

This study addresses the challenges of estimating decay times for chemical components, focusing on hydroxylated fullerene C60(OH)29, which poses potential environmental risks due to its persistence and transformation in soil. Given the complexities of real-world experiments such as limited sample availability, time constraints, and the need for efficient resource use, a framework using the Gamma distribution based on hybrid Type-II censoring schemes was developed to model the decay time. The Gamma distribution’s flexibility and mathematical properties make it well-suited for reliability and decay analysis, capturing variable hazard rates and accommodating different censoring structures. We employ maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and Bayesian methods to estimate the model’s parameters, consequently estimating the reliability and hazard functions. The large sample theory for MLE is used to approximate variances for constructing asymptotic confidence intervals. Additionally, we utilize the Markov chain Monte Carlo technique within the Bayesian framework to ensure robust parameter estimation. Through simulation studies and statistical tests—such as Chi-Square, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, and others—we assess the Gamma distribution’s fit and compare its performance with other distributions, validating the proposed model’s effectiveness.
Wear of End Mills with Carbon Coatings When Aluminum Alloy A97075 High-Speed Processing
Authors: Ashkinazi Evgeny E. , Fedorov Sergey V. , Martyanov Artem K. , Sovyk Dmitry N. , Ralchenko Victor G. , Litvinov Artem P. , Ershov Artem A. , Konov Vitaly I.
Published: November 2024

It is recommended to use high-speed milling to maintain an effective material removal rate and the required cutting-edge geometry. However, on the other hand, high speed increases wear, so the surface of the cutters is modified by deposition functional coatings. The wear of end mills made of CTS12D and H10F tungsten carbides during the high-speed processing of aluminum A97075 (B95T1) was compared. To increase the durability of the tools, well-proven technologies for deposition diamond-like and polycrystalline diamond coatings in microwave plasma with different film structures, which were determined by the coating growth conditions, were used. The milling cutter corner was mostly worn out, but the nature of the wear had its characteristics. It was revealed that at a forced cutting mode of about 1000 m/min, cutters made of CTS12D alloy with a nanocrystalline diamond coating with a “cauliflower” structure and with a diamond-like film showed 10% higher resistance. The primary wear mechanism was adhesive. Images of worn cutting edges were obtained using a 3D optical digital image processing system.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Wrought Inconel 718 Under Thermal Cycles of Variable Amplitude Coupled with Mechanical Loading
Authors: Pan Sining , Xu Shouwen , Yu Gang
Published: November 2024

In this paper, a pulsed laser is applied to realize these complicated thermal cycles experimentally, coupling with the constant mechanical loading with the self-designed sample holder. A numerical simulation model is proposed to calculate the temperature and stress under thermal cycles of variable amplitude coupled with mechanical loading. The findings indicate a strong correlation between the measured temperature curve and the simulated results under various loading parameters. It is observed that the calculated depth of thermal–structural interaction for low-cycle conditions exceeds that of high-cycle conditions. In addition, the mechanism of crack evolution under thermal cycles of variable amplitude coupled with mechanical loading is discussed. This paper offers extensive experimental and numerical perspectives on the damage process occurring under thermal cycles of varying amplitudes combined with mechanical loading, highlighting its substantial engineering importance for conducting failure analyses and optimizing the design of hot-end components.
A Novel Design Method for Chip Flute of Indexable Insert Drill Used at Large Drilling Depth
Authors: Jiang Aisheng , Liu Zhanqiang , Zhao Jinfu
Published: November 2024

The design of the chip flute in indexable insert drills significantly influences chip removal efficiency, drill diameter deflection, and drill deformation in the metal drilling process, which are crucial for maintaining drill stability and minimizing deviations in the diameter of the drilled hole. However, traditional chip flute designs fail to meet production standards when drilling deep holes in 42CrMo, particularly at depths reaching up to seven times the hole diameter. This study introduces an innovative optimization method for the chip flute design of indexable insert drills specifically intended for metal deep-cutting applications, which involves refining both the cross-sectional and circumferential profiles of the chip flute. A novel combined cross-section for the chip flute was developed and tested against the conventional double U-profile in drilling experiments on 42CrMo. Based on the chip shape of the inner and outer inserts, the inner insert flute section is designed into a U-shaped section and the outer insert flute section is designed into trapezoidal section, respectively, so as to increase the proportion of the effective chip removal area in the chip flute, which reduces the chip flute section area and increases the core thickness of the tool holder. Additionally, the circumferential profile was enhanced through orthogonal simulation experiments. The findings revealed that the drill diameter deflection using the newly designed combined cross-section was reduced by 21.76% compared to the traditional double U-profile in the metal drilling process. The indexable insert drill featuring this optimized chip flute configuration exhibited significant improvements in the drill diameter deflection, drill deformation, and drilled hole diameter accuracy, outperforming the standard drill design.