bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Service Quality to the Customer Satisfaction and Revisit Interest of Saporkren Ecotourism at Raja Ampat Regency
Authors: Yoshua Manullang Robinsar Jogi , Jahroh Siti , - Kirbrandoko
Published: January 2021

Ecotourism is a nature tourism that focuses on a protected area or area that contributes to the welfare of the local community and conservation and education for the community. Meanwhile, as much as 98.9 percent of the forest area under its management rights is still controlled by corporations and capital owners. While the rest which is no more than 1.1 percent of the area of ​​forest management rights is controlled by the community. Enhancing the role of forest areas, especially conservation forests, needs to be done to improve the quality of life of communities around the buffer zones. The purpose of this study is to identify service quality factors that influence customer satisfaction and interest in ecotourism visits in Saporkren, and formulate ecotourism marketing strategies in Saporkren. This is done to increase the number of ecotourism visitors in Saporkren, which of course will provide increased income for the community and improve the quality of life of the Saporkren people.

The population in this study were visitors from the Saporkren ecotourism. The sampling technique uses accidental sampling and purposive sampling. The selected respondents were tourists who were visiting Saporkren and were found by researchers and tourists who had visited Saporkren at least once in the past one year. Endogenous variables (Y) and (Z) in this study are consumer satisfaction and interest in return visits. Exogenous variables (X) in this study are tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. The data processing technique used in this study is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with LISREL 8.7 software.

Based on the results of the study, only three out of five service quality factors were identified that affected customer satisfaction, namely tangible, reliability, and assurance. And in this study, consumer satisfaction is proven to affect the interest in a repeat visit. After that, from the interviews and Focus Group Discussion (FGD), a strategy that could be implemented in ecotourism in Saporkren was formulated to explore potential tourism that could be exploited in addition to birdwatching for tangibles, and to train and certify tour guides in Saporkren for reliability and assurance.
Performance of Xpert® MTB/RIF and Determine™ TB-LAM Ag in HIV-infected adults in peri-urban sites in Zambia
Authors: Kasaro M. P. , Chilyabanyama O. N. , Shah N. S. , Muluka B. , Kapata N. , Krüüner A. , Mwaba I. , Kaunda K. , Coggin W. L. , Wen X. J. , Henostroza G. , Reid S.
Published: January 2021

Setting: Peri-urban health facilities providing HIV and TB care in Zambia.Objective: To evaluate 1) the impact of Xpert® MTB/RIF on time-to-diagnosis, treatment initiation, and outcomes among adult people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy
(ART); and 2) the diagnostic performance of Xpert and Determine™ TB-LAM Ag assays.Design: Quasi-experimental study design with the first cohort evaluated per standard-of-care (SOC; first sputum tested using smear microscopy) and the second cohort per an algorithm using Xpert
as initial test (intervention phase; IP). Xpert testing was provided onsite in Chongwe District, while samples were transported 5–10 km in Kafue District. TB was confirmed using mycobacterial culture.Results: Among 1350 PLHIV enrolled, 156 (15.4%) had confirmed TB. Time from
TB evaluation to diagnosis (P = 0.018), and from evaluation to treatment initiation (P = 0.03) was significantly shorter for IP than for SOC. There was no difference in all-cause mortality (7.0% vs. 8.6%). TB-LAM Ag showed higher sensitivity with lower CD4 cell count: 81.8% at
CD4 < 50 cells/mm3 vs. 31.7% overall.Conclusion: Xpert improved time to diagnosis and treatment initiation, but there was no difference in all-cause mortality. High sensitivity of Determine TB-LAM Ag at lower CD4 count supports increased use in settings providing care
to PLHIV, particularly with advanced HIV disease.
Strengthening the response to drug-resistant TB in Pakistan: a practice theory-informed approach
Authors: Abbas S. , Kermode M. , Kane S.
Published: January 2021

Background: While Pakistan’s Programmatic Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (PMDT) programme, launched in 2010, initially yielded significant gains in treatment outcomes, performance has since plateaued, and in some cases, regressed.Objective: To critically
investigate why the PMDT programme, well-structured and generously resourced as it is, could not improve upon or sustain this early success and to illustrate the use of practice theory as a framework to analyse functioning of health systems.Method: A practice theory-informed ethnographic
study was conducted at three PMDT clinics. The analysis drew on 9 months of participant observation and in-depth interviews with 13 healthcare providers and four managers.Results: The PMDT model primarily focused on materialities such as infrastructure, drugs and numbers of people
tested, and little on developing competencies of the PMDT staff to provide responsive care. This emphasis on materialities, and the linked focus of accountability processes, led the PMDT staff to create meanings that translated into prioritisation of certain easy-to-measure health-care practices
at the expense of more difficult-to-measure practices related to responsiveness that are arguably also important for successful patient outcomes.Conclusion: A narrow focus on measurable inputs, originating from priorities set at global and national levels, influence frontline care
practices with negative consequences for quality of care and patient outcomes. Greater emphasis on improving routine process of care can enhance the effectiveness of the PMDT model of care. Practice theory provides a robust analytical framework to critically interrogate health systems and
healthcare provision.
Diagnosed with TB in the era of COVID-19: patient perspectives in Zambia
Authors: Mwamba C. , Kerkhoff A. D. , Kagujje M. , Lungu P. , Muyoyeta M. , Sharma A.
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Delayed TB diagnosis and treatment perpetuate the high burden of TB-related morbidity and mortality in resource-constrained settings. We explored the potential of COVID-19 to further compromise TB care engagement in Zambia.Methods: From April to May 2020,
we purposefully selected 17 adults newly diagnosed with TB from three public health facilities in Lusaka, Zambia, for in-depth phone interviews. We conducted thematic analyses using a hybrid approach.Results: The majority of participants were highly concerned about the impact of
lockdowns on their financial security. Most were not worried about being diagnosed with COVID-19 when seeking care for their illness because they felt unwell prior to the outbreak; however, they were very worried about contracting COVID-19 during clinic visits. COVID-19 was perceived as a
greater threat than TB as it is highly transmittable and there is no treatment for it, which provoked fear of social isolation and of death among participants in case they contracted it. Nonetheless, participants reported willingness to continue with TB medication and the clinic visits required
to improve their health.Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic did not appear to deter care-seeking for TB by patients. However, messaging on TB in the era of COVID-19 must encourage timely care-seeking by informing people of infection control measures taken at health facilities.
Evaluating Prevalence and Misdiagnosis of Plasmodium Using Microscopy Compared With Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique in Two Tertiary Care Hospitals in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Wogu Michael , Onosakponome Evelyn O
Published: January 2021

Background: The accurate diagnosis of etiologic agents of diseases, including Plasmodium species, is a major challenge to effective control programs in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria misdiagnosis hinders prompt treatment of infected patients, which increases malaria morbidities and mortalities. Objectives: A study to evaluate the prevalence and misdiagnosis of Plasmodium species using microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in two tertiary care hospitals in Rivers State was conducted. Methods: A cross-sectional randomized study involving 2,000 participants (age and sex were noted) was conducted from January 2016 to December 2017, and only patients arriving in the Outpatient Clinic of the selected tertiary care hospitals were recruited for this study. Intravenous blood samples (5 mL) were collected from all study participants and analyzed for the presence of Plasmodium species using Giemsa-microscopy and Real-time PCR technique. All data generated were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square test. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The only species of Plasmodium observed in this study was Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum), and the overall prevalence in the study was 37.65% and 34.0% for microscopy and PCR, respectively (P > 0.05). Microscopy had a 3.5% variation and misdiagnosis of 5.5% compared with PCR. P. falciparum misdiagnosis according to age was 6.6%, 4.8%, 3.2%, 7.3% and 6.7% for age groups 0-10, 11-20, 21-30, 31- 40, and > 40, respectively while males and females had P. falciparum misdiagnosis of 6.9% and 4.5%, respectively (P > 0.05). Microscopy had sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of 95.8%, 94.3%, and 94.9%, respectively. Conclusions: Microscopy remains the gold standard for Plasmodium species diagnosis, and suspected malaria cases should be confirmed with an efficient laboratory diagnosis before treatment to prevent misdiagnosis or antimalarial drug resistance.
Seroprevalence of Q Fever in Lorestan Province Veterinary Staff Using IFA Method
Authors: Soleimani Zahra , Jaydari Amin
Published: January 2021

Background: Q fever is caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii. To date, no studies have been conducted on the rate of Q fever infection among the veterinary staff in Lorestan province. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of infection in the veterinary staff. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from April to July 2019 on 92 samples collected randomly from Lorestan province on veterinary staff who had a history of contact with livestock and were tested via indirect immunofluorescence kit. Results: In this study, 77 (83/69%) samples were positive, and 15 (16/3%) samples were negative. There were no statistically significant relationships between residence, contact with livestock, and work experience. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, the high seroprevalence of a Q fever was observed among Veterinary staff, which further reveals the necessitates of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the disease in order to prevent unwanted complications in people in contact with livestock.
Medication Self-efficacy and Its Related Factors: A Cross-sectional Study on Patients with Coronary Artery Disease in North East of Iran
Authors: Nikraftar Fahimeh , Mazloum Seyed Reza , Dastani Mostafa , Heshmati Nabavi Fatemeh
Published: January 2021

Background: Patients with coronary artery diseases (CAD) use a wide spectrum of medications; hence, strategies are needed to increase their adherence. In this line, identifying factors associated with medication self-efficacy can be useful. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate medication self-efficacy and its related factors in patients with CAD in the north-east of Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 104 patients with CAD hospitalized in one of the largest teaching hospitals in the north-east of Iran are studied. Participants were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected using Demographic and clinical information form, Information Satisfaction questionnaire (ISQ), and Self-Efficacy for Appropriate Medication Use scales (SEAMS). Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22 using descriptive statistics and multiple regression test. Results: The mean age of patients was 52.3 ± 8.8 years. The mean medication self-efficacy score was 24.9 ± 9.5 (out of 39). Multiple regression showed a linear and significant association between information satisfaction, income, medications used in the last month, information about the nature of the disease, doctors as a preferred source of information, nurses, family members, internet and social networks as the most information sources used by patients, with medication self-efficacy (R = 0.907, P < 0.001). These variables could explain 82.2% of the self-efficacy variance. Conclusions: Based on the result, it can be argued that in designing and implementing educational interventions aimed to promote medication self-efficacy in patients with CAD, individuals with lower income and under long-term medication treatment should receive more support. Educational programs should emphasize more on explaining the nature of the disease to the patients, and physicians should be more involved in educating patients.
Renal Involvement in COVID-19 Among Iranian Children
Authors: Mohkam Masoumeh , Mirzaee Mahbube , Abdollah Gorgi Fatemeh , Rafiei Tabatabaei Sedigheh , Karimi Abdollah , Armin Shahnaz , Mansour Ghanaie Roxana , Fahimzad Seyed Alireza , Pournasiri Zahra , Hosseini Tabatabaei Seyedohammadtaghi , Esfandiar Nasrin , Dalirani Reza , Pourbakhtyaran Elham , Yaraghi Ayeh , Karbasian Fereshteh
Published: January 2021

Background: Information about renal involvement in pediatric patients with COVID-19 is limited, and there is not enough data about renal and urinary tract involvement in children infected with this novel virus. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the spectrum of kidney diseases in pediatric patients with COVID-19, admitted to a tertiary children’s hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 71 pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection. Diagnosis of COVID-19 was established based on the guidelines by the Iranian Ministry of Health. The patients’ demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, laboratory results, and renal ultrasonography findings were extracted from the hospital medical records. Results: On admission, 10% of patients had oliguria, 7.7% had edema, and 3% had hypertension. The first urinalysis indicated proteinuria, leukocyturia, and hematuria in 46%, 24%, and 23% of the patients, respectively. Overall, 40.7% of the patients showed some degree of renal involvement. During hospitalization, acute kidney injury (AKI) occurred in 34.5% of the patients. Based on the pediatric risk, injury, failure, loss of kidney function, and end-stage kidney disease (pRIFLE) classification, stage I (risk group) was found in 20% of patients, stage II (injury group) in 25% of patients, and stage III (failure group) in 55% of patients with AKI. The total mortality rate was estimated at 12.67%, and the incidence of in-hospital death was 30% in pediatric patients with severe COVID-19 infection associated with AKI. Conclusions: The prevalence of AKI was high in patients with COVID-19 infection hospitalized in our tertiary hospital. We also found that a decrease in renal function was associated with a higher risk of mortality. Overall, early detection of AKI and effective treatment may help reduce mortality in patients with COVID-19.
Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 Ability to Pass Through the Placenta
Authors: Ghotbizadeh Fahimeh , Nazari Farzaneh , Hantoushzadeh Sedigheh , Panahi Zahra , Naeiji Zahra
Published: January 2021

Context: Recently, a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) as the cause of COVID-19 has made a global health crisis and a great challenge. Pregnant women and fetuses are among the high-risk groups for COVID-19. In this review, we summarize studies regarding SARS-CoV-2 virus-placenta interactions at the maternal-fetal interface by demonstrating the pathogenicity of the virus and defense methods of the placenta. Evidence Acquisition: In the present study, a search was done in domestic and international databases including Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus using specific keywords (“Coronavirus” OR “COVID-19” OR “SARS-CoV-2”) AND (“Fetus” OR “Placenta”) AND (“Pregnancy”), limited until August 2020. Finally, we reviewed 250 articles. Results: Generally, the pathogenicity and the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2 and virus entry and replication methods allow the virus to pass through the placenta, although there are hormonal and immune barriers in the placenta against SARS-CoV-2, such as placental type interferons. Conclusions: The SARS-CoV-2 can pass through the placenta, but there are defense methods against it.
So you want to publish: Becoming a researcher
Authors: Izenstark Amanda , Agee Ann , Jackson Holly , Sandelli Anna , Roberts Lindsay
Published: January 2021

New librarians, experienced librarians, and those considering a change in career may want to start writing or researching for a variety of reasons, including meeting professional requirements. In this article, we share some tips for getting started, or perhaps inspiration for bringing old ideas back to life.
Ain’t no party like a LibGuides Party: ’cause a LibGuides Party is mandatory
Authors: Ornat Natalie , Auten Beth , Manceaux Reese , Tingelstad Catherine
Published: January 2021

What is currently on your librarian backburner? We’d be willing to make a few bets on the content of those pots growing cold. Maybe we would find a weeding project on pause, a draft of an article gathering dust, or that meeting agenda you know you can throw together only hours before the actual meeting. LibGuides maintenance would probably be found on most of our backburners, too.When the academic year begins and the instruction requests, committee meetings, and consultations begin to crowd our calendars, LibGuides upkeep can easily fall by the wayside. Updating broken links, tweaking code for enhanced accessibility, and cleaning up our asset lists can be tedious, and often uninspiring work. Anyone who has faced down a long list of broken links can likely attest to this.
The invertebrates scale of librarianship: Finding your niche
Authors: Dannick Samantha
Published: January 2021

As a new academic librarian trying to establish myself and build relationships, I’ve been forced to give a fair amount of thought to what kind of librarian I want, and need, to be. Like many academic librarians, I have been trying to find the balance between being available for our faculty—supporting their (and their students’) instruction needs and facilitating their research—and being a professional in my own right, advocating for myself and my expertise.Many articles about the faculty-librarian relationship focus on faculty perceptions of librarians (or vice versa) and on the need for collaborative relationships. These are important aspects of academic librarianship to address, but they don’t really speak to a significant contributing factor—librarians’ perceptions of themselves and their role.
No need to go big: Teaching Framework concepts with small teaching
Authors: Hammons Jane
Published: January 2021

The ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education encourages librarians to engage students with big ideas related to information creation, access, and use. One way that librarians may be able to do this is through a small teaching approach. In Small Teaching: Everyday Lessons from the Science of Learning, James M. Lang uses insights from educational research to highlight small instructional interventions that support student learning. Although Lang does not specifically call out librarians as instructors, some of these strategies could be used to engage students with Framework concepts, even within a single session.In this essay, I focus on strategies in four areas—retrieving, predicting, connecting, and self-explaining. These were selected because they seem most applicable to a one-shot setting. For each, I describe models recommended by Lang and demonstrate how they could support increased understanding of Framework concepts. While none of these interventions by themselves may seem revolutionary to experienced instruction librarians, for some they may represent a new approach to intentionally teaching the Framework. While I have chosen to highlight only one Framework concept per category, there are likely ways to connect each strategy with any frame.
Developing an assessment plan for information literacy learning outcomes: Process and planning
Authors: McCartin Lyda Fontes , Markowski Brianne , Evers Stephanie
Published: January 2021

The introduction of the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education provided an opportunity for libraries to revisit student learning and instruction practices. At the University of Northern Colorado Libraries, we embarked on a process of revising our shared student learning outcomes (SLOs) for all 100-level information literacy credit courses. The credit courses, taught by librarians, are offered in conjunction with programs on campus, like the Honors program and Center for Human Enrichment, or as a major requirement for Criminal Justice, History or Audiology and Speech Language majors.
Internet Reviews
Authors: Roberts Joni R. , Drost Carol A.
Published: January 2021

Government of Canada Indigenous PeoplesThe Media Manipulation CasebookReligious Freedom Institute
Fast Facts
Authors: Pattillo Gary
Published: January 2021

Academic library instructional services reached 6.8 million students in 2018Academic libraries provided more than 5.8 million ILL items in 2018WorldCatNewsroom layoffsSocial media usersInstagram
Awareness among students on ill effects of carbonated drinks on enamel
Authors: Sivarajan Madhumithaa
Published: January 2021

It is of interest to document data on the AWARENESS AMONG STUDENTS (18 to 25 years) ON ILL EFFECTS OF CARBONATED DRINK ON ENAMEL using an online survey questionnaire. Data shows that about 67.2% students consume carbonated drinks every day and only 41.8% of the students experienced ill effects. Moreover, 44.8% of students did not experience any discomfort after consumption of soft drinks. The prevalence of tooth erosion in students who consume soft drinks every day is high and the frequency of consumption of potentially erosive soft drinks with low pH values was the only possible risk factor for dental erosion. Most of the students did prefer fruit juices to carbonated drinks due to the constant exposure for a balanced health.
Correlation between chronological age and skeletal age using CVMI and modified MP3 methods
Authors:   Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Jain Ravindra Kumar
Published: January 2021

Chronological age conveys only a rough approximation of the maturational status of a person whereas skeletal maturity indicators give a more accurate estimation. Therefore, it is of interest to document the correlation between chronological and skeletal age using CVMI and modified MP3 methods. A total of 39 subjects between the age ranges of 9-16 years were selected for this study. Pre-treatment lateral cephalograms and hand-wrist radiographs of the subjects were used. The skeletal age was analyzed by the Cervical Vertebrae Maturity Index (CVMI) and modified MP3 methods. The data was analyzed with SPSS software version 23.00. Kendall’s Tau correlation test was performed to estimate the correlation between chronological age and skeletal age among the subjects and a linear regression test was also performed. Positive correlation was found between chronological age and skeletal age assessed by CVMI method (r= 0.398) and modified MP3 method (r=0.382) with p value <0.003. Thus it can be concluded that there was a positive correlation between chronological age and skeletal age among all the subjects.
Prevalence of systemic diseases in patients undergoing minor oral surgeries
Authors:   Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Santhosh Santhosh
Published: January 2021

It is of interest to evaluate the prevalence of systemic disorders in patients undergoing minor oral surgeries at a dental hospital. This will help to take necessary precautions prior to oral surgeries. We used the digital case records of 1288 patients who underwent minor oral surgeries in a hospital. Demographic details and systemic diseases of the patients were recorded from digital case records. Data shows that 103 patients (7.9%) of the total number of patients undergoing minor oral surgeries had systemic diseases with 3.8% of patients diagnosed with diabetes. Statistically significant associations were found between type of minor oral surgery and the type of systemic disease (p<0.001); age of patients and type of minor oral surgery (p<0.001); age and type of systemic diseases (p<0.001) and gender of patient and type of minor oral surgery (p = 0.005). Thus, data shows the prevalence of systemic diseases in patients undergoing minor oral surgeries was 7.9%.
Views on antioxidant mouth washes as adjunct in periodontal therapy
Authors:   Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Murthy Kumar Karthikeyan
Published: January 2021

Clinical decision is often difficult with chlorhexidine mouthwash. The use of antioxidant mouthwashes for the treatment of periodontal disease is in practise. Therefore, it is of interest to collect gleaned information on Antioxidant mouthwashes as periodontal therapy from known literature. Improvement in treatment using antioxidant mouthwashes is reported in several studies. The mouthwash with antioxidants has similar anti-gingivitis, antiplaque and antimicrobial effects as that of chlorhexidine mouthwash.
Frequency of premolar teeth extractions for orthodontic treatment
Authors: Kumar Kumar
Published: January 2021

It is of interest to evaluate the frequency of premolar extractions during orthodontic treatment in patients reporting to the Saveetha dental hospital in Chennai from 2019-2020. We used the records from 987 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment from June 2019 to March 2020 in a dental hospital for this analysis. Digital case records of patients who underwent therapeutic extractions of premolars were isolated. A sample dataset of 340 case records were selected for this study. Data shows that 34.4% of subjects underwent premolar extractions amongst a total of 987 subjects who underwent orthodontic treatment. 89.4% of patients were Angle’s Class I malocclusion patients, and the rest were Class II patients. However, no premolar extractions were done in Class III patients. Data also shows that 67.1% of subjects underwent all 4 first premolar extractions and 13.2% underwent only upper first premolar extractions. Thus, a significant association was found between Type of Malocclusion and the Type of premolar extractions with p < 0.05. Moreover, only 34.4% of patients underwent premolar extractions and the majority of them underwent all 4 first premolar extractions.
Association of age with class VI composite restoration
Authors:   Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Pai Sneha
Published: January 2021

Dental caries is the major oral health problem in most of the countries, affecting 60-90% of school children and a vast majority of adults. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the association of age with Class VI defects restored with composite restorations. We used 102 cases with data regarding Class VI composite restorations in a datasheet of 86,000 records at Saveetha Dental College, India for this study. Data shows that Class VI restorations were commonly seen in upper anterior teeth in the age group of 51 and above. The cavities prepared to receive Class VI restoration followed a conservative design of caries removal and used direct restoration techniques for reconstruction of the lost tooth structure.
Dentistry as a prospective career choice in India
Authors:   Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Devi Gayatri
Published: January 2021

Career choice is a complex decision in a student’s life. The opportunity to participate in dental education in many countries, especially in the developing ones, is limited to a small percentage of the community. There is a wide range of options for students to choose as a career in general family, gender, personal interest; outcome expectancies can affect the decision in choosing it. Many studies showed that many individuals find themselves in occupations not really knowing why they made that particular decision. The changing nature of the dental workforce and the need to retain the services of future members has made it important to understand why current dental students have chosen dentistry as their career. However, the choice of dentistry becomes forceful at times by peer pressure, cultural thrust or inability to procure medicine. It is of interest to evaluate dentistry as a prospective career choice in India. The participants answered a questionnaire based online survey and the results were collected and analysed statistically. Analyses of data from the survey shows that majority (36.72%) of students had chosen dentistry as a career choice having missed entry or selection into medicine.
Data on dental bite materials with stability and displacement under load
Authors:   Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Maiti Subhabrata
Published: January 2021

It is of interest to document the accuracy, time dependent dimensional stability and displacement to load for 5 types of inter-occlusal recording materials. We used cad bite paste, putty, lab putty, pattern resin and poly tray acrylic material in this study. A total of 25 samples were fabricated to evaluate the accuracy and dimensional stability. The amount of displacement was calculated by applying displacing force on the bite registration materials till they fractured using Instron 3000 UTS machine. Statistical analysis of the data shows that CAD bite paste has the maximum amount of accuracy and dimensional stability whereas pattern resin showed the least amount of displacement to applied force. Thus, we report that CAD bite registration material displayed best results in terms of accuracy and dimensional stability and moderate results in terms of displacement to force.
Concerns on oral health care services for adults with cognitive and intellectual disabilities
Authors:   Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 77, India, Arumugham Indiran Meignana
Published: January 2021

It is of interest to document data on oral health care services for adults with cognitive and intellectual disabilities. Hence, a study protocol was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with registration number: CRD42020150759. We used PubMed, Science Direct, LILACS and SCIELO to collect data from known literature using keywords containing MESH (Medical Subject Headings) terms. The risk of bias rating for the collected data was calculated using the Newcastle-Ottawa assessment Scale. The AHRQ (Agency for Healthcare, Research and Quality) was used for classifying the level of evidence in the collected data. Analysis of available data shows that there is a lack of dentists with adequate skills to treat people with disabilities resulting in high cost for dental treatment. Thus, we conclude that inconvenient location of dental clinic, lack of dentists willing to treat people with disabilities and attitude of dental staff towards people with learning disabilities were considered as barriers and challenges faced for dental health service utilization in this context.
Insights from an awareness survey on oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF)
Authors:   Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Karthikeyan Harippriya
Published: January 2021

Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) is characterized by Juxta-epithelial inflammation with oedema, fibroblasts, neutrophil and eosinophil inflammatory infiltrate. Therefore, it is of interest to gain insights from an awareness survey on ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS (OSMF). The sample size was 100 patients who had participated in this survey in Tamilnadu, India where 93% of the subjects used tobacco products. 81% of the patients were not aware of the malignancy caused by OSMF. A significant number of males use more tobacco than females (p value = 0.006 (<0.05) in the sample dataset. Thus, there is a need to create awareness on OSMF among the general population to combat the associated diseases.
From the Social Museum to the Digital Social Museum
Authors: Más José M. , Monfort Abel
Published: January 2021

Main topic / subject: The goal of the article is to organize the conceptual evolution between the social museum and the digital social museum, a fundamental conceptual change that will imply a different form of management and that considers the latest technologies applied to the museum experience.

Logical development of the subject: For the development of this conceptual proposal, the paper starts from a series of fundamental texts that describe the current situation of experience management in museums; it carries out a critical review of the concepts of the traditional museum and the social museum and with data and examples the paper proposes the use of the concept of the digital social museum.

Author’s point of view and contributions: The article contributes to the definition of the digital social museum. It expands the concept of the social museum and gives a fundamental value to the impact of new technologies and social networks as an integral part of the museum experience and management.

Implications and conclusions: Museum institutions should work in a much more inclusive and participatory manner, thus giving way to an evolution that begins in the early twentieth century and is called the social museum. New technologies offer great potential for the achievement of these goals of participation and dialogue, leading to a new concept of the digital social museum. Through this paper we reflect on how new technologies contribute to understand museum management under the principles of the digital social museum.
Efectos de la inteligencia artificial en las estrategias de marketing: Revisión de literatura
Authors: Cuervo Sánchez Carlos Antonio
Published: January 2021

Reach of the review: This document reviews the literature about the main contributions that have been made regarding the relationship between artificial intelligence and marketing strategies.

Period of the publications reviewed: The studies mentioned stretch from 2015 to 2020.

Origin and types of documents reviewed: Most of the literature consists of articles published in international indexed journals of marketing and technology.

Author’s contribution on the publications analyzed: The author states that, although there is a large amount of literature about marketing strategies and artificial intelligence as independent concepts, there is no such amount about the links that combine both concepts. That is why the author has sought to bring together contributions from various international authors in order to unify concepts and points of view and thus build valuable conclusions in this regard.

Conclusions on the lines of research studied: The present study concludes that nowadays most of the organizations seeking to carry out marketing tasks without including artificial intelligence, are destined to gradually fall into obsolescence.
Controllable preparation and photoelectric applications of two-dimensional in-plane and van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Yao Wen-Qian , Sun Jian-Zhe , Chen Jian-Yi , Guo Yun-Long , Wu Bin , Liu Yun-Qi ,   Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,   Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Published: January 2021

Since the discovery of graphene, two-dimensional (2D) materials have received continuous attention and carried out in-depth exploration and development due to their excellent properties. With the exploration of the preparation of new 2D materials, one began to consider the synergistic effects produced by the in-plane junction and interlayer stacking to compensate for the defects of a single material and obtain some new properties. Matching the lattice structure to achieve specific functionalization, or using van der Waals force to achieve stacking, helps to introduce a new degree of freedom by combining different 2D materials, and open a new window for the research and practical application of 2D materials.

From the perspective of atomic manufacturing, in this article we introduce the controllable preparation and optoelectronic applications of 2D planar and van der Waals heterojunction materials. First, we briefly introduce the common 2D materials such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, transition metal dichalcogenides and black phosphorus used in the preparation of heterojunctions and related concepts of heterojunctions. Second, we review, in principle, the commonly used characterization methods including scanning probe-based techniques, spectrum-based, electron-based imaging techniques and others. Third, we summarize the preparation methods of planar and vertical heterojunctions. Basically, mechanical transfer method such as wet or dry method can be used to produce various vertical heterostructures of 2D materials, but usually lack the scalability. On the other hand, chemical vapor deposition method provides a scalable route to producing the planar heterostructure and vertical structure of 2D materials. Several strategies have been developed to produce various heterostructures. In addition, the recent development of twist-angle and quasi-crystalline bi-layer graphene is briefly reviewed. Fourth, the properties and applications of 2D van der Waals heterostructures such as field-effect transistor, light emitting diode, solar cell, flexible optoelectronic devices and plasmonic applications are introduced. Finally, the problems in the field are discussed, and the outlook is provided.
Nucleic acid-metal complex and its application in atomic-scale manufacturing
Authors: Li Sheng-Kai , Hao Qing , Peng Tian-Huan , Chen Zhuo , Tan Wei-Hong ,   Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Science and Biomedicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China,   College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China,   State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China,   Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China,   The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
Published: January 2021

Atomic-scale and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing, a frontier hot issue in international academic research, is a cutting-edge manufacturing technique in which atoms are directly used as the manipulation object and atomic-scale structures with specific functions are established to meet the requirements for mass productions. This review focuses on precise atomic-scale manufacturing technology of nucleic acid materials. Firstly, the basic structures and functions of nucleic acid materials are introduced, and the basic principles of the interaction between DNA and metal atoms are discussed. Then the development process and breakthrough progress of nucleic acid materials-mediated precise atomic-scale manufacturing are introduced from the aspects of natural nucleic acid materials, artificial base “molecular elements”, and nucleic acid nanostructures. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in this field are systematically summarized and some suggestions for future development are given.
Comparative Analysis of Alzheimer Questionnaire and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Tool for Cognitive Impairment Screening among the Elderly Population
Authors: Dasgupta Aparajita , Biswas Aloke , Paul Bobby , Roy Soumit , Sarkar Debraj , Ghosh Pritam , Ghose Sauryadripta , Yadav Akanksha
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Alzheimer Questionnaire (AQ) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) are tools for assessment of cognitive impairment. MoCA is a common tool for screening of cognitive impairment but it requires trained personnel. AQ questionnaire is informant-based, simple and less time consuming with or without the involvement of trained personnel. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of cognitive impairment and to find out the accuracy of AQ compared to MoCA in Cognitive Impairment screening among elderly population in an urban area of West Bengal. Materials and Methods: The Prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in urban field practice area of All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Kolkata among 140 randomly selected elderly population from June to September 2019. Accuracy of AQ with MoCA tool as gold standard in screening cognitive impairment was analysed by Cohen’s Kappa, Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) Curve, Spearman rho Coefficient along with sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and likelihood ratio was obtained. Results: Prevalence of cognitive impairment using MoCA and AQ was 40% (95% CI=31.8-48.6) and 36.4% (95% CI=28.5-45.0), respectively. AQ and MoCA showed good agreement (Cohen’s kappa, κ=0.834; 95% CI=0.739-0.928). The AQ and MoCA showed a strong negative correlation (spearman’s Rho=-0.709; 95%CI=0.764-0.884, p-value <0.001). Considering MoCA as gold standard, AQ showed sensitivity of 85.7% (95% CI=74.2-92.6), specificity of 96.4% (95% CI=89.9-98.7) for cognitive impairment screening and the Positive predictive value of this tool was 94.1% (95% CI=84.0-97.9%). The Youden index of 0.821 showed highest sum of sensitivity and specificity of AQ tool at 4.5 score to anticipate cognitive impairment. Conclusion: AQ is equally effective as MoCA to screen cognitive impairment among elderly at the community level. AQ can be used even by grass root level health workers without involvement of trained personnel. So, community level screening of elderly for cognitive dysfunction can be made even in resource poor settings. Early identification and referral of elderly with cognitive dysfunction will help them in better living.
Cross-cultural Adaptation and Validation of Professional Scale in Iranian Nurses
Authors: Nayeri Nahid Dehgan , Adib Masoomeh , Samadi Nasrin , Bezaatpour Fatemeh , Nasiri Elhameh
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Professionalism is a fundamental concept in nursing. Today’s society needs nurses who are able to accept and fulfill their professional roles. Specially, nurses of the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are one of the most sensitive parts of the hospital and their behaviour is very important. In order to measure their caring professionalism and the leveling of this process, there are instruments used in Iranian culture. Aim: This study was aimed to cross-culturally adapt and validate the Hall’s Professionalism Scale (HPS) in clinical setting for Iranian nurses of ICU. Materials and Methods: Methodological study was carried out with 300 nurses of ICU in Iran. The criteria for selection of the participants was limited to the nurses who worked full time in ICU of the mentioned hospitals, were available and interested to respond to data collection instrument. The cross-cultural adaptation of the Professionalism Scale was performed according to international standards, and its validation was carried out to be used in the Iran context by means of factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha as a measure of internal consistency. Results: All nurses who participated in the study worked in ICU with average working experience of 6.77±5.99 years and their mean age was 34.03±10.3 years. The results of the factor analysis revealed six factors including factor 1 (the scope of the Professional Association as reference) with a specific amount of 14.04, factor 2 (believing in the continuing competency) with a specific amount of 14.42, factor 3 (believing in self-regulation) 16.06, factor 4 (sense of commitment to the profession) has a special amount of 11.56, factor 5 (independence) with a special amount of 16.81, and factor 6 (believing in serving society) with a specific amount of 14.02. The correlation coefficient of Cronbach’s alpha was used to determine the internal correlation of the instrument, which was 0.89 for all items. Conclusion: This study showed that the translated version of the “Nursing Professionalism Scale” is a useful instrument for helping nurses and nursing authorities to understand the concept of professionalism and its impact on improving the clinical status of nurses, patients and organisations, and even clinical education of nursing students.
Factors Enhancing Drug-induced Hepatotoxicity among Thai Patients with TB
Authors: Khiewkhern Santisith , Ruetrakul Jirarat , Thongkum Wisit , Areeruk Naree
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity (DIH) is usually found in patients with Tuberculosis (TB) who have received the standard anti-TB treatment due to the specific drugs in the standard regimen as well as other factors. Hepatotoxicity is the main cause of drug discontinuation and influences drug resistance and fulminant hepatitis in patients with TB. Aim: This study aims to assess the factors enhancing DIH in patients with TB who received the standard anti-TB regiment in Phichit Hospital, Thailand. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was used to examine factors that enhanced DIH in 327 new patients with TB who received the standard anti-TB treatment at the TB-clinic in Phichit Hospital from October 1st, 2016 to September 30th, 2018. Data was collected from medical and laboratory records at the TB clinic. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess factors enhancing DIH in patients with TB, reported using an Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR) of 95% CI and a p-value of <0.05. Results: The results of this study confirmed that malnutrition was positively associated with increased risk of DIH development {AOR 4.40 (1.26 to 12.26), p=0.01}. In addition, an age of >60 years was associated with an increased risk of DIH development {AOR 2.87 (95% CI 1.16 to 7.14), p=0.02}. Conclusion: For TB patients, being over 60-year-old and malnutrition are significant factors related to DIH. Therefore, the new patients with TB should receive the screening for present chronic liver disease, including AST and ALT whenever feasible, and nutritional assessment should be done for elderly patients before start of anti-TB treatment.
Revisiting Integration: A Proposed Framework in the Light of Competency-Based Medical Education in Indian Context
Authors: Waghmare Tripti K Srivastava , Dhok Archana , Waghmare Lalitbhushan S
Published: January 2021

Various methods of Integration (Temporal co-ordination, Sharing, Nesting and Co-relation) recommended in the revised curriculum of Undergraduate Competency Based Medical Education (CBME) from 2019 academic session onwards is discussed hereby. A brief description of these methods and recommended frameworks for planning such integration sessions are suggested. Medical colleges can plan and place integration of contents across various phases of curriculum on the basis of suggested frameworks, depending on factors like the targeted areas of integration, views and experience of teachers, organisational structure and course outcomes.