bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bayesian hierarchical response time modelling—A tutorial
Authors: Koenig Christoph , Becker Benjamin , Ulitzsch Esther
Published: February 2023

Response time modelling is developing rapidly in the field of psychometrics, and its use is growing in psychology. In most applications, component models for response times are modelled jointly with component models for responses, thereby stabilizing estimation of item response theory model parameters and enabling research on a variety of novel substantive research questions. Bayesian estimation techniques facilitate estimation of response time models. Implementations of these models in standard statistical software, however, are still sparse. In this accessible tutorial, we discuss one of the most common response time models—the lognormal response time model—embedded in the hierarchical framework by van der Linden (2007). We provide detailed guidance on how to specify and estimate this model in a Bayesian hierarchical context. One of the strengths of the presented model is its flexibility, which makes it possible to adapt and extend the model according to researchers' needs and hypotheses on response behaviour. We illustrate this based on three recent model extensions: (a) application to non‐cognitive data incorporating the distance‐difficulty hypothesis, (b) modelling conditional dependencies between response times and responses, and (c) identifying differences in response behaviour via mixture modelling. This tutorial aims to provide a better understanding of the use and utility of response time models, showcases how these models can easily be adapted and extended, and contributes to a growing need for these models to answer novel substantive research questions in both non‐cognitive and cognitive contexts.
Navigating the space between politics and administration: The informal practices of Ontario school board trustees
Authors: Payler Adam , Piscitelli Anthony , Geobey Sean
Published: February 2023

Through interviews with 25 school board trustees in Ontario, this article contributes to the growing literature that explores the politics‐administration dichotomy at the local government level in Canada. While existing literature is oriented from the perspective of the local government administrator, we examine the relations between local government politicians and administrators from the orientation of the former to determine how they navigate the dichotomy, particularly in a context where it is arguably more contested. We identify six informal practices trustees adopt in representing constituents and confronting tensions inherent in their role, namely:navigating, influencing, listening, translating, informing, anduploading.
Minimally good life and the human right to health
Authors: Hirose Iwao
Published: February 2023

In Global Health Impact: Extending Access to Essential Medicines, Nicole Hassoun argues that the concept of a minimally good life grounds the human right to health, which in turn implies the human right to access essential medicines in developing countries. This article argues that Hassoun's argument must be revised. If the temporal unit of a minimally good life is identified, her argument faces a substantive problem, which undermines an important part of her argument. This article then proposes a solution to this problem. If this proposed solution is accepted, Hassoun's project turns out to be more radical than her argument is supposed to be.
Biallelic mutations in LSS in autosomal‐recessive mutilating palmoplantar keratoderma
Authors: Zhou Shengru , Jiang Xingyuan , Zhu Yuhao , Yang Jianqiu , Yuan Chunyu , Chen Min , Zhou Qianqian , Lin Zhimiao , Li Min
Published: February 2023

Mutilating palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) is a heterogeneous genetic disease that poses enormous challenges to clinical diagnosis and genetic counselling. Lanosterol synthase (LSS) gene encodes LSS involved in the biosynthesis pathway of cholesterol. Biallelic mutations in LSS were found to be related to diseases such as cataracts, hypotrichosis and palmoplantar keratoderma‐congenital alopecia syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of the LSS mutation to mutilating PPK in a Chinese patient. The clinical and molecular characteristics of the patient were evaluated. A 38‐year‐old male patient with mutilating PPK was recruited in this study. We identified biallelic variants in the LSS gene (c.683C > T, p.Thr228Ile and c.779G > A, p.Arg260His). Immunoblotting revealed that the Arg260His mutant showed a significantly reduced expression level while Thr228Ile showed an expression level similar to that of the wild type. Thin layer chromatography revealed that mutant Thr228Ile retained partial enzymatic activity and mutant Arg260His did not show any catalytic activity. Our findings show the correlation between LSS mutations and mutilating PPK.
Nutraceutical strategies for alleviation of UVB phototoxicity
Authors: McCarty Mark F. , Benzvi Carina , Vojdani Aristo , Lerner Aaron
Published: February 2023

Ultraviolet B exposure to keratinocytes promotes carcinogenesis by inducing pyrimidine dimer lesions in DNA, suppressing the nucleotide excision repair mechanism required to fix them, inhibiting the apoptosis required for the elimination of initiated cells, and driving cellular proliferation. Certain nutraceuticals – most prominently spirulina, soy isoflavones, long‐chain omega‐3 fatty acids, the green tea catechin epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and Polypodium leucotomos extract – have been shown to oppose photocarcinogenesis, as well as sunburn and photoaging, in UVB‐exposed hairless mice. It is proposed that spirulina provides protection in this regard via phycocyanobilin‐mediated inhibition of Nox1‐dependent NADPH oxidase; that soy isoflavones do so by opposing NF‐κB transcriptional activity via oestrogen receptor‐beta; that the benefit of eicosapentaenoic acid reflects decreased production of prostaglandin E2; and that EGCG counters UVB‐mediated phototoxicity via inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor. The prospects for practical nutraceutical down‐regulation of photocarcinogenesis, sunburn, and photoaging appear favourable.
RETRACTED: The analysis of green advertisement communication strategy based on deep factorization machine deep learning model under supply chain management
Authors: Yu Xue , Zhu Yunfei , Jia Congcong , Lu Wanqiu , Xu Hao
Published: February 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has brought new reconstruction opportunities for the intelligence of the advertisement industry through the help of AI technologies such as machine learning and deep learning. First, the relationship between AI and the attractiveness of green advertisements is investigated, and the influence of different AI technologies in green advertisements on consumers' perception of the attractiveness of green advertisements is summarized. Second, based on the green advertisement dissemination rate data set, the data visualization exploration is carried out, and the data deletion and coding processing are carried out aiming at different characteristic variables. Finally, according to the problems existing in the current green advertisement communication and the high‐dimensional and sparse characteristics of the communication rate data set. In this paper, based on Deep FM (Factorization Machine), Gradient Boost Decision Tree (GBDT) is added to assist the experiment, and the prediction performance of green advertising communication is tested. The results are as follows. (1) Different AI expressions in green advertisements will affect consumers' perception of the attractiveness of green advertisements. (2) The prediction ability of Deep FM model after feature engineering is better than that of data cleaning only. The prediction effect of the model is obviously improved. The purpose of this paper is to integrate green advertising media communication into the ecological concept of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, strengthen the political belief of ecological civilization construction, and conform to the communication trend of today's severe ecological situation.
Effects of clarithromycin on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus and expression of CYP3A4 and P‐glycoprotein in rats
Authors: Wen Jinhua , ChenYang  , Zhao Menghua , Hu Weiqiang , Xiao Yu Wei
Published: February 2023

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of clarithromycin on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in rats and better understand its mechanism. In the control group (n = 6), rats received a single oral dose of 1 mg tacrolimus on day 6. In the experimental group (n = 6), rats received 0.25 g of clarithromycin daily for five consecutive days and then a single oral dose of 1 mg tacrolimus on day 6. Orbital venous blood (250 μL) was collected at 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h before and after tacrolimus administration. Blood drug concentrations were detected via mass spectrometry. Small intestine and liver tissue samples were collected after rats were euthanized via dislocation, and CYP3A4 and P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) protein expression was determined using western blotting. Clarithromycin increased the blood tacrolimus concentration and affected its pharmacokinetic properties in rats. Compared with those in the control group, the AUC0–24, AUC0–∞, AUMC(0–t), and AUMC(0–∞) of tacrolimus in the experimental group were significantly increased, whereas the CLz/F was significantly lower (P < 0.01). Simultaneously, clarithromycin significantly inhibited CYP3A4 and P‐gp expression in the liver and intestine. Protein expression of CYP3A4 and P‐gp in the liver and the intestinal tract was significantly downregulated in the intervention group compared with that in the control group. Clarithromycin significantly inhibited the protein expression of CYP3A4 and P‐gp in the liver and intestine, thereby increasing the mean blood concentration and significantly increasing the AUC of tacrolimus.
Take a breath: oxygen sensing of epidermal differentiation
Authors: Smirnov Artem , Candi Eleonora
Published: February 2023

Skin serves as a barrier to protect our body from injury, pathogens and trans‐epidermal water loss. It is the only tissue directly exposed to oxygen besides lungs. Air exposure is an essential step of in vitro generation skin graft. However, the role of oxygen in this process remains hitherto unclear. Teshima et al. unveiled the impact of the hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) pathway on epidermal differentiation in three‐dimensional skin models. The authors of this work describe how air‐lifting of organotypic epidermal cultures impairs HIFs activity, leading to a proper terminal differentiation of keratinocytes and stratification.
Single‐cell dissection reveals the role of DNA damage response patterns in tumor microenvironment components contributing to colorectal cancer progression and immunotherapy
Authors: Shen Xin , Mo Shaocong , Wang Yulin , Lin Lingxi , Liu YunPeng , Weng Meilin , Gu Wenchao , Nakajima Takahito
Published: February 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading malignant cancers. DNA damage response (DDR), referring to the molecular process of DNA damage, is emerging as a promising field in targeted cancer therapy. However, the engagement of DDR in the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment is rarely studied. In this study, by sequential nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm, pseudotime analysis, cell–cell interaction analysis, and SCENIC analysis, we have shown that DDR genes demonstrate various patterns among different cell types in CRC TME (tumor microenvironment), especially in epithelial cells, cancer‐associated fibroblasts, CD8+ T cells, tumor‐associated macrophages, which enhance the intensity of intercellular communication and transcription factor activation. Furthermore, based on the newly identified DDR‐related TME signatures, cell subtypes including MNAT+CD8+T_cells‐C5, POLR2E+Mac‐C10, HMGB2+Epi‐C4, HMGB1+Mac‐C11, PER1+Mac‐C5, PER1+CD8+T_cells‐C1, POLR2A+Mac‐C1, TDG+Epi‐C5, TDG+CD8+T_cells‐C8 are determined as critical prognostic factors for CRC patients and predictors of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy efficacy in two public CRC cohorts, TCGA‐COAD and GSE39582. Our novel and systematic analysis on the level of the single‐cell analysis has revealed the unique role of DDR in remodeling CRC TME for the first time, facilitating the prediction of prognosis and guidance of personalized ICB regimens in CRC.
Emicizumab prophylaxis in haemophilia A with inhibitors: Three years follow‐up from the UK Haemophilia Centre Doctors’ Organisation (UKHCDO)
Authors: Wall Caroline , Xiang Hua , Palmer Ben , Chalmers Elizabeth , Chowdary Pratima , Collins Peter W. , Fletcher Simon , Hall Georgina W. , Hart Daniel P. , Mathias Mary , Sartain Paul , Shapiro Susan , Stephensen David , Talks Kate , Hay Charles R.M. ,   the UK Haemophilia Centre Doctors’ Organisation (UKHCDO)
Published: February 2023

Introduction

The UK National Haemophilia Database (NHD) collects data from all UK persons with haemophilia A with inhibitors (PwHA‐I). It is well‐placed to investigate patient selection, clinical outcomes, drug safety and other issues not addressed in clinical trials of emicizumab.

Aims

To determine safety, bleeding outcomes and early effects on joint health of emicizumab prophylaxis in a large, unselected cohort using national registry and patient reported Haemtrack (HT) data between 01 January 2018 and 30 September 2021.

Methods

Prospectively collected bleeding outcomes were analysed in people with ≥6 months emicizumab HT data and compared with previous treatment if available. Change in paired Haemophilia Joint Health Scores (HJHS) were analysed in a subgroup. Adverse events (AEs) reports were collected and adjudicated centrally.

Results

This analysis includes 117 PwHA‐I. Mean annualised bleeding rate (ABR) was .32 (95% CI, .18; .39) over a median 42 months treatment with emicizumab. Within‐person comparison (n = 74) demonstrated an 89% reduction in ABR after switching to emicizumab and an increase in zero treated bleed rate from 45 to 88% (p < .01). In a subgroup of 37 people, total HJHS improved in 36%, remained stable in 46% and deteriorated in 18%, with a median (IQR) within‐person change of −2.0 (−9, 1.5) (p = .04). Three arterial thrombotic events were reported, two possibly drug related. Other AEs were generally non‐severe and usually limited to early treatment, included cutaneous reactions (3.6%), headaches (1.4%), nausea (2.8%) and arthralgia (1.4%).

Conclusions

Emicizumab prophylaxis is associated with sustained low bleeding rates and was generally well‐tolerated in people with haemophilia A and inhibitors.
Fruit abundance may fine‐tune timing of reproduction of the Chilean Elaenia (Elaenia chilensis), a long‐distance migratory bird in South America
Authors: Gorosito Cristian A. , Tuero Diego T. , Cueto Victor R.
Published: February 2023

Timing of reproduction has a great impact on the breeding success of birds because a mismatch with the moment when environmental conditions are warm or when food is most plentiful can reduce nestling survival and increase the energetic cost of parental care. Consequently, birds synchronize gonadal maturation with the most favourable environmental conditions, using photoperiod changes throughout the year as an initial proximal cue. Additionally, non‐photic cues, such as temperature and food abundance, may be necessary to fine‐tune reproductive timing. However, the influence of non‐photic cues on finely tuning reproductive timing is not yet fully understood for migratory birds. Here, we evaluate how much non‐photic cues influence the reproductive timing of the Chilean Elaenia Elaenia chilensis, a long‐distance migrant that reproduces in the Andean–Patagonian Forest. We assessed associations of mean temperature, ripe fruit and arthropod abundances with the number of nests in the laying period, and also with the number of nests with hatchlings. In both analyses we used cross‐correlations and partial least squares path modelling. Mean temperature was not consistently associated with the breeding phenology of Chilean Elaenias. The increase in number of nests in the laying period was preceded by the increase in caterpillar abundance and coincided with the increase in ripe fruit abundance. The timing of nests with hatchlings matched with the timing of highest ripe fruit abundance. Both types of food could contribute to the beginning of reproduction of birds and be used as proximal cues by Chilean Elaenias. Ripe fruits would also be beneficial for nestling growth because parents feed them with fruits, and might potentially play an ultimate role in reproduction. Because ripe fruit abundance was related to the egg‐laying and hatching stages, it may be the main cue used by Chilean Elaenias to fine‐tune reproductive timing. These findings allow advances in our understanding of the importance of non‐photic cues in the reproductive phenology of migratory birds and also generalize our knowledge among regions and taxa, as most studies on this topic focus on the Northern Hemisphere.
Uniform pricing effect: The influence of uniform pricing on product value judgement and purchase intention
Authors: Zeng Shuaifan , Xu Xiaobing , Gu Yu , Zhang Jin
Published: February 2023

Uniform pricing, which is a pricing strategy that sets a unified price for all products in the store or all products in the same category, is becoming increasingly popular over the past decades. However, scarce attention has been paid to investigating its impact on consumer behaviour. This research investigates the influence of uniform pricing on product value judgements and purchase intentions. Four studies demonstrate that uniform pricing (vs. non‐uniform pricing) could induce stronger promotion perception, which leads to more positive product value judgements and purchase intentions. Moreover, price sensitivity and product involvement moderate this effect, and this effect only exists for high price‐sensitive consumers and low product involvement consumers.
How online reviews with different influencing factors affect the diffusion of new products
Authors: Sun Bing , Kang Min , Zhao Shunyao
Published: February 2023

Online reviews are becoming increasingly important for the diffusion of new products. Based on the content of online reviews on JD.com, the study utilizes the Latent Allocation model to identify the critical factors of interest to consumers and categorized them into two categories, namely, product quality and supporting service factors. Thereafter, we use the system generalized method of moments to analyse the dynamic model of the panel data and further study the relationship between online reviews and new product diffusion under the two types of factors. We further investigate how the interaction between the critical metrics of online reviews affects the diffusion of new products. The results indicate that as various factors are considered, online reviews have a significantly different impact on the diffusion of new products. Moreover, compared with supporting service factors, online reviews of product quality factors have a more significant impact. In addition, the interactions between online review metrics demonstrate complex characteristics, especially the volume and positive emotional tendency, which does not promote new product diffusion, as expected.
Expanding horizons of reconstructive microsurgery in Lebanon: Reconstruction of complex traumatic wounds with anterolateral thigh perforator flaps in paediatrics patients less than 10 years of age
Authors: Ibrahim Amir E. , Ghieh Fadi M. , Oneisi Ahmad K. , Atiyeh Bishara S. , Bassil Georges F. , Otayek Joeffroy N. , Kortbawi Rabih R. , Moucharafieh Ramzi S.
Published: February 2023

Paediatric complex wounds pose a challenge to the reconstructive surgeon due to the intricacy of reconstructive options required. Developments in microsurgery and microsurgical technique have brought free tissue transfer ever closer to the comfort zone of the reconstructive surgeon for reconstruction of paediatric traumatic complex wounds. We present our experience of microsurgical reconstruction in Lebanon for complex traumatic wounds in paediatric patients under the age of 10 years using the free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap. The ALT flap has proven its value as a safe, adaptable, and aesthetically acceptable reconstructive option in paediatric complex trauma.
SiCN ceramics with controllable carbon nanomaterials for electromagnetic absorption performance
Authors: Zhang Yuyu , Sun Jia , Wang Yuqi , Riedel Ralf , Fu Qiangang
Published: February 2023

Different kinds of carbon nanomaterials, free carbon (Cfree), graphene, and N‐containing graphene (NG), in single‐source‐precursors‐derived SiCN ceramics, were in situ generated by modifying polysilazane with divinylbenzene, dopamine hydrochloride and melamine, respectively. Adjusting the carbon source brings phase structure and electromagnetic wave absorption (EMA) properties differences of SiCN/C ceramics. In situ Cfree enhances the EMA capacity of SiCN ceramics by improving their electrical conductivity of 9.2 × 10−4 S/cm. The electrical conductivity of SiCN ceramics with 2D graphene sheets balloons to 2.5 × 10−3 S/cm, causing poor impedance match thus leading to a worse EMA performance. In situ NG in SiCN ceramics has a low electrical conductivity of 5.6 × 10−8 S/cm, making for excellent impedance match. The corrugated NG boosts dielectric loss, interfacial, and dipole polarization. NG‐SiCN nanocomposites possess an outstanding EMA performance with RLmin of −61.08 dB and effective absorption bandwidth of 4.05 GHz, which are ∼2.4 times lower and ∼4 times higher than those of SiCN, respectively.
Mass fabrication of Li2TiO3–Li4SiO4 ceramic pebbles with high strength by facile centrifugal granulation method
Authors: Tan Guangfan , Hu Xin , Cai Liang , Xue Haifeng , Yang Xiuhong , Zhang Yingchun
Published: February 2023

The bi‐phase Li2TiO3–Li4SiO4 ceramic pebbles have been considered a promising breeder to realize the tritium self‐sustainment in the blanket. However, up to now, the reported ceramic pebbles have the disadvantages of low yield, poor crushing load, and loose internal structure, which cannot meet the practical application requirements. In this work, the Li2TiO3–Li4SiO4 ceramic pebbles with excellent mechanical properties were fabricated successfully via the centrifugal granulation method with the assistance of introducing a spray‐drying process, simulating particle trajectory by discrete element software and improving bonding interface between core and shell with ethylene glycol. The composition, microstructure, and inner structure of the Li2TiO3–Li4SiO4 ceramic pebbles were investigated, respectively, through X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray computed tomography (CT). It can be found that the employment of the ethylene glycol solution on the surface of Li2TiO3 can make the core and the shell combine well. Moreover, the effect of the rolling speed of the Li2TiO3–Li4SiO4 ceramic pebbles was investigated via discrete element method (EDEM) simulation and experiments. The experimental results displayed that the Li2TiO3–Li4SiO4 ceramic pebbles sintered at 1100°C for 2 h have a uniform diameter of 1 mm, a good sphericity of 0.97, and an excellent crushing load of 82.4 N, which are superior to those pebbles that obtained by using the traditional wet methods. Moreover, the CT results showed that the appropriate porosity of the core was 3.21% and of the shell was 10.73%. Therefore, the simple centrifugal granulation method can be applied to prepare the Li2TiO3–Li4SiO4 ceramic pebbles in a large scale and shed a light to investigate the relevant advanced biphasic tritium breeder materials in the future.
Advancing trauma‐informed care in intellectual and developmental disability services: A pilot study of a digital training with direct service providers
Authors: Keesler John M. , Purcell Alex , Thomas‐Giyer Jen
Published: February 2023

Background

As trauma‐informed care advances in the service delivery system for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, additional resources are needed to foster staff development. This article describes the development and pilot evaluation of a digital training on trauma‐informed care among direct service providers (DSPs) in the disability service industry.

Method

Following an AB design, a mixed methods approach was used to analyse the responses of 24 DSPs to an online survey at baseline and at follow‐up.

Results

The training was associated with increased staff knowledge in some domains and greater alignment with trauma‐informed care. Staff expressed a strong likelihood of using trauma‐informed care in practice and identified organisational assets and barriers to implementation.

Conclusions

Digital trainings can facilitate staff development and the advancement of trauma‐informed care. Although additional efforts are warranted, this study fills a gap in the literature regarding staff training and trauma‐informed care.
Risk and prognosis of secondary thoracic cancers after radiation therapy for esophageal cancer
Authors: Yi Hang , Li Shuofeng , Lin Yiwen , Li Feng , Wang Shuaibo , Jin Donghui , Lv Zhuoheng , Fu Li , Mao Yousheng
Published: February 2023

Background and Aim

Radiation therapy (RT) is a crucial modality for the local control of esophageal cancer (EC), but the effect of RT on the development of secondary thoracic malignancies is still unclear. This study aims to identify the association between RT for the treatment of primary EC and subsequent secondary thoracic cancer (STC).

Methods

The primary EC patients were retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Fine‐Gray competing risk regression and standardized incidence ratio (SIR) were used to evaluate the radiotherapy‐associated cancer risk. Overall survival (OS) was compared by Kaplan–Meier analysis.

Results

A total of 40 255 EC patients from the SEER database were identified, of which 17 055 patients (42.37%) did not receive radiotherapy (NRT) and 23 200 patients (57.63%) had been treated with RT. After 12 months of latency, 162 patients (0.95%) in the NRT group and 272 patients (1.17%) in the RT group developed STC. The incidences of the RT group were significantly higher than the NRT group. Patients who have primary EC were at an increased risk of developing STC (SIR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.63–1.96). The SIR of STC was 1.37 (95% CI: 1.16–1.60) in the NRT group and 2.10 (95% CI: 1.87–2.34) in the RT group. The OS of STC patients in the RT group was significantly lower than the NRT group (P = 0.006).

Conclusion

The RT for primary EC was associated with higher risks of developing STC than patients unexposed to radiotherapy. The EC patients treated with RT, especially young patients, require long‐term monitoring of the risk of STC.
Successful aging and its subtypes in centenarians: The Chinese experience
Authors: Perls Thomas
Published: February 2023

This editorial comments on the article by Lu et al
Randomized controlled feasibility trial of swallow strength and skill training with surface electromyographic biofeedback in acute stroke patients with dysphagia
Authors: Benfield Jacqueline K. , Hedstrom Amanda , Everton Lisa F. , Bath Philip M. , England Timothy J.
Published: February 2023

Background & Objectives

Swallow strength and skill training with surface electromyography (sEMG) biofeedback may improve dysphagia but little is known about the feasibility and efficacy of this intervention in acute stroke.

Methods

We conducted a randomized controlled feasibility study in acute stroke patients with dysphagia. Participants were randomized to either usual care or usual care plus swallow strength and skill training with sEMG biofeedback. Primary outcomes were feasibility and acceptability. Secondary measures included swallowing and clinical outcomes, safety and swallow physiology.

Results

Twenty‐seven patients (13 biofeedback, 14 control) with average age of 73.3 (SD 11.0) and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) of 10.7 (5.1) were recruited 22.4 (9.5) days post stroke. About 84.6% of participants completed >80% of sessions; failed sessions were mainly due to participant availability, drowsiness or refusal. Sessions lasted for an average of 36.2 (7.4) min. Although 91.7% found the intervention comfortable with satisfactory administration time, frequency and time post stroke, 41.7% found it challenging. There were no treatment‐related serious adverse events. The biofeedback group had a lower Dysphagia Severity Rating Scale (DSRS) score at 2 weeks compared to control (3.2 vs. 4.3), but the difference did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions

Swallow strength and skill training with sEMG biofeedback appears feasible and acceptable to acute stroke patients with dysphagia. Preliminary data suggests it is safe and further research refining the intervention and investigating treatment dose and efficacy is warranted.
40Ar/39Arages ofL4,H5,EL6,and feldspathic ureilitic clasts from the Almahata Sitta polymict ureilite (asteroid 2008TC3)
Authors: Turrin Brent D. , Lindsay Fara , Delaney Jeremy S. , Park Jisun , Herzog Gregory F. , Swisher Carl , Goodrich Cyrena A.
Published: February 2023

The Almahata Sitta (AhS) meteorite consists of disaggregated clasts from the impact of the polymict asteroid 2008 TC3, including ureilitic (70%–80%) and diverse non‐ureilitic materials. We determined the40Ar/39Ar release patterns for 16 AhS samples (3–1500 μg) taken from three chondritic clasts, AhS 100 (L4), AhS 25 (H5), and MS‐D (EL6), as well as a clast of ureilitic trachyandesite MS‐MU‐011, also known as ALM‐A, which is probably a sample of the crust of the ureilite parent body (UPB). Based on our analyses, best estimates of the40Ar/39Ar ages (Ma) of the chondritic clasts are 4535 ± 10 (L4), 4537–4555 with a younger age preferred (H5), and 4513 ± 17 (EL6). The ages for the L4 and the H5 clasts are older than the most published40Ar/39Ar ages for L4 and H5 meteorites, respectively. The age for the EL6 clast is typical of older EL6 chondrites. These ages indicate times of argon closure ranging up to 50 Ma after the main constituents of the host breccia, that is, the ureilitic components of AhS, reached the >800°C blocking temperatures of pyroxene and olivine thermometers. We suggest that these ages record the times at which the clasts cooled to the Ar closure temperatures on their respective parent bodies. This interpretation is consistent with the recent proposal that the majority of xenolithic materials in polymict ureilites were implanted into regolith 40–60 Ma after calcium–aluminum‐rich inclusion and is consistent with the interpretation that 2008 TC3was a polymict ureilite. With allowance for its 10‐Ma uncertainty, the 4549‐Ma40Ar/39Ar age of ALM‐A is consistent with closure within a few Ma of the time recorded by its Pb/Pb age either on the UPB or as part of a rapidly cooling fragment. Plots of age versus cumulative39Ar release for 10 of 15 samples with ≥5 heating steps indicate minor losses of40Ar over the last 4.5 Ga. The other five such samples lost some40Ar at estimated times no earlier than 3800–4500 Ma bp. Clustering of ages in the low‐temperature data for these five samples suggests that an impact caused localized heating of the AhS progenitor ~2.7 Ga ago. In agreement with the published work, 10 estimates of cosmic‐ray exposure ages based on38Ar concentrations average 17 ± 5 Ma but may include some early irradiation.
Juvenile hormone regulates the photoperiodic plasticity of elytra coloration in the ladybird Harmonia axyridis
Authors: Li Jia‐Xu , Tian Zhong , Liu Xing‐Feng , Li Bei , An Hao‐Min , Brent Colin S. , Wang Jia‐Lu , Wang Xiao‐Ping , Liu Wen
Published: February 2023

Many animals, including insects, exhibit plasticity of body colour in response to environmental changes. Varied expression of carotenoids, major cuticle pigments, significantly contributes to body colour flexibility. However, the molecular mechanisms by which environmental cues regulate carotenoid expression remain largely unknown. In this study, we used the ladybird Harmonia axyridis as a model to investigate the photoperiodic‐responsive plasticity of elytra coloration and its endocrine regulation. It was found that H. axyridis females under long‐day conditions develop elytra that are much redder than those under short‐day conditions, resulting from the differential accumulation of carotenoids. Exogenous hormone application and RNAi‐mediated gene knockdown indicate that carotenoid deposition was directed through the juvenile hormone (JH) receptor‐mediated canonical pathway. Moreover, we characterized an SR‐BI/CD36 (SCRB) gene SCRB10 as the carotenoid transporter responding to JH signalling and regulating the elytra coloration plasticity. Taken together, we propose that JH signalling transcriptionally regulates the carotenoid transporter gene for the photoperiodic coloration plasticity of elytra in the beetles, which reveals a novel role of the endocrine system in the regulation of carotenoid‐associated animal body coloration under environmental stimuli.
Effects of altered‐reality training on interocular disinhibition in amblyopia
Authors: Du Xinxin , Liu Lijuan , Dong Xue , Bao Min
Published: February 2023

Training of viewing an altered‐reality environment dichoptically has been found to reactivate human adult ocular dominance plasticity, allowing improvement of vision for amblyopia. One suspected mechanism for this training effect is ocular dominance rebalancing through interocular disinhibition. Here, we investigated whether the training modulated the neural responses reflecting interocular inhibition. Thirteen patients with amblyopia and 11 healthy controls participated in this study. Before and after six daily altered‐reality training sessions, participants watched flickering video stimuli with their steady‐state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) signals recorded simultaneously. We assessed the amplitude of SSVEP response at intermodulation frequencies, which was a potential neural indicator of interocular suppression. The results showed that training weakened the intermodulation response only in the amblyopic group, which was in agreement with the hypothesis that the training reduced interocular suppression specific to amblyopia. Moreover, even one month after the training ended, we could still observe this neural training effect. These findings provide preliminary neural evidence in support of the disinhibition account for treating amblyopia. We also explain these results with the ocular opponency model, which, to our knowledge, is the first time for this binocular rivalry model to be used in explaining long‐term ocular dominance plasticity.
Impact of conflict delisting and relisting on remaining products in retail stores: Sales gains across products categories and spillovers to nearby stores
Authors: Li H. Alice , Wan Xiang
Published: February 2023

Disputes between retailers and manufacturers often result in the retailer delisting the manufacturer's products, which dramatically alters competition in the retail market. When rival products are temporarily delisted, the products remaining on retail shelves are expected to gain sales due to substitution. However, it is unclear how much sales gain of remaining products can be expected, how long the sales gain persists after the rival products are relisted, whether the sales gain varies in different product categories, and whether the sales gain spills over from the delisting retailer to nearby retailers. In this research, we exploit a natural experiment enabled by a dispute between a retail chain and a beverage manufacturer that resulted in a 4‐week delisting of all products by the manufacturer (the delisted manufacturer) across all of the retailer's U.S. stores. We focus on a manufacturer (the focal manufacturer) that directly competes with the delisted manufacturer and quantify the sales gain for this focal manufacturer during the delisting and after the relisting event. Interestingly, in a near‐duopoly market, the focal manufacturer only gained 12.2% of sales during the delisting. After the dispute was settled and competition restored, the focal manufacturer's sales fluctuated for about 2 months before returning to the pre‐delisting level. Additionally, we find a spillover in sales gain to nearby stores during the delisting, which was mainly to small‐box retail stores rather than big‐box stores. Moreover, at both delisting and nearby stores, we find the focal manufacturer's sugar‐sweetened, caffeinated, and star products gained sales during the event while other products did not. We check the robustness of our results with a machine learning nonparametric method, among a few other alternative methods, to measure the average treatment effects. Understanding the size and duration of these heterogeneous effects can help manufacturers and retailers better respond to changes in market competition and evaluate their delisting decisions.
Event‐related potentials associated with attentional networks evidence changes in executive and arousal vigilance
Authors: Luna Fernando Gabriel , Aguirre María Julieta , Martín‐Arévalo Elisa , Ibáñez Agustín , Lupiáñez Juan , Barttfeld Pablo
Published: February 2023

Attention is regulated by three independent but interacting networks, that is, alerting, comprising phasic alertness and vigilance, orienting, and executive control. Previous studies analyzing event‐related potentials (ERPs) associated with attentional networks have focused on phasic alertness, orienting, and executive control, without an independent measure of vigilance. ERPs associated with vigilance have been instead measured in separate studies and via different tasks. The present study aimed to differentiate ERPs associated with attentional networks by simultaneously measuring vigilance along with phasic alertness, orienting, and executive control. Forty participants (34 women, age: M = 25.96; SD = 4.96) completed two sessions wherein the electroencephalogram was recorded while they completed the Attentional Networks Test for Interactions and Vigilance—executive and arousal components, a task that measures phasic alertness, orienting, and executive control along with executive (i.e., detection of infrequent critical signals) and arousal (i.e., sustaining a fast reaction to environmental stimuli) vigilance. ERPs previously associated with attentional networks were replicated here: (a) N1, P2, and contingent negative variation for phasic alertness; (b) P1, N1, and P3 for orienting; and (c) N2 and slow positivity for executive control. Importantly, different ERPs were associated with vigilance: while the executive vigilance decrement was associated with an increase in P3 and slow positivity across time‐on‐task, arousal vigilance loss was associated with reduced N1 and P2 amplitude. The present study shows that attentional networks can be described by different ERPs simultaneously observed in a single session, including independent measures of executive and arousal vigilance on its assessment.
Alignment between Desires and Outcomes among Women Wanting to Avoid Pregnancy: A Global Comparative Study of “Conditional” Unintended Pregnancy Rates
Authors: Bearak Jonathan Marc , Alkema Leontine , Kantorová Vladimíra , Casterline John
Published: February 2023

Since childbearing desires, and trends in these desires, differ across populations, the inclusion of women who want to become pregnant in the denominator for unintended pregnancy rates complicates interpretation of intercountry differences and trends over time. To address this limitation, we propose a rate that is the ratio of the number of unintended pregnancies to the number of women wanting to avoid pregnancy; we term these conditional rates. We computed conditional unintended pregnancy rates for five‐year periods from 1990 to 2019. In 2015–2019, these conditional rates per 1,000 women per year wanting to avoid pregnancy ranged from 35 in Western Europe to 258 in Middle Africa. Rates with all women of reproductive age in the denominator have concealed stark global disparities in the ability of women to avoid unintended pregnancies, and they have understated progress in regions where the fraction of women wanting to avoid pregnancy has increased.
Gender and attention to and framing of COVID‐19 in congressional tweets
Authors: Evans Heather K. , Clark Jennifer Hayes
Published: February 2023

Background

Previous research demonstrates that congressional communication on Twitter is gendered. Congresswomen are more likely to tweet about issues than Congressmen during elections, and they are also more likely to tweet about “women's issues” (healthcare, education, reproductive rights, welfare) than their male counterparts.

Objectives

Given the partisan and gendered coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic effects researchers have documented, we examine whether Congressmembers. communication about COVID‐19 is also gendered and partisan.

Methods

To examine how Senators and House Representatives were discussing the pandemic online, we collected the tweets sent by members of both the U.S. House and U.S. Senate from February 1st until May 14th, 2020.

Results

Gender and partisanship shape how members communicate about COVID‐19 on Twitter, and this is especially pronounced in the framing of COVID‐19 in terms of “women's issues.”

Conclusion

We find evidence that there is a gendered partisan divide in both the frequency and framing of the issue on Twitter. This divide is likely to continue to shape how the public thinks about the pandemic and how elites. respond to the pandemic.
Are Christian nationalists antisemitic and why?
Authors: Dennen Jacob , Djupe Paul A.
Published: February 2023

Background

Recent work has demonstrated from a variety of angles that Christian nationalists have negative feelings toward racial minorities and negative attitudes toward policies that would extend equal rights and undermine their privileged position.

Objectives

There has been limited research to demonstrate what seems an easy extension – do Christian nationalists have negative feelings toward religious minorities? We focus on views toward Jews, in part because conservative Christians have such positive views toward Israel.

Methods

We draw on survey data of 1,700 American adults from just before the 2020 election with observational measures as well as an experimental measure of antisemitism to assess a link to Christian nationalism and the likely mechanisms underpinning that relationship.

Results

Christian nationalists tend to believe in more antisemitic tropes, primarily because of their investment in the social dominance of Christians. However, their antisemitism is part of a broader set of negative views toward all minorities, which we find with experimental evidence. We also find a link between Christian nationalism and antisemitism that boosts belief in QAnon.

Conclusion

Even if Israel has come to play an important role in the apocalyptic thinking of conservative Christians, in the end Jews are not Christians and pose a threat to Christian supremacy just as any other outgroup would.
Transfusion camp: A retrospective study of self‐reported impact on postgraduate trainee transfusion practice
Authors: Yeung Katie C. Y. , Kapitany Casey , Chargé Sophie , Callum Jeannie , Cserti‐Gazdewich Christine , D'Empaire Pablo Perez , Khandelwal Aditi , Lieberman Lani , Lee Christie , Pavenski Katerina , Pendergrast Jacob , Shehata Nadine , Hsia Cyrus C. , Lavoie Marianne , Murphy Michael F. , Prokopchuk‐Gauk Oksana , Rahmani Mahboubeh , Trudeau Jacqueline , Zeller Michelle P. , Lin Yulia
Published: February 2023

Background

The optimal method of postgraduate transfusion medicine (TM) education remains understudied. One novel approach is Transfusion Camp, a longitudinal 5‐day program that delivers TM education to Canadian and international trainees. The purpose of this study was to determine the self‐reported impact of Transfusion Camp on trainee clinical practice.

Study Design and Methods

A retrospective analysis of anonymous survey evaluations from Transfusion Camp trainees over three academic years (2018–2021) was conducted. Trainees were asked, “Have you applied any of your learning from Transfusion Camp into your clinical practice?”. Through an iterative process, responses were categorized into topics according to program learning objectives. The primary outcome was the rate of self‐reported impact of Transfusion Camp on clinical practice. Secondary outcomes were to determine impact based on specialty and postgraduate year (PGY).

Results

Survey response rate was 22%–32% over three academic years. Of 757 survey responses, 68% of respondents indicated that Transfusion Camp had an impact on their practice, increasing to 83% on day 5. The most frequent areas of impact included transfusion indications (45%) and transfusion risk management (27%). Impact increased as PGY increased with 75% of PGY‐4+ trainees reporting impact. In multivariable analysis, the impact of specialty and PGY varied depending on the objective.

Discussion

The majority of trainees report applying learnings from Transfusion Camp to their clinical practice with variations based on PGY and specialty. These findings support Transfusion Camp as an effective means of TM education and help identify high‐yield areas and gaps for future curriculum planning.
Could the dawn of Level 4 robotic weeders facilitate a revolution in ecological weed management?
Authors: Merfield Charles N.
Published: February 2023

Ecological weed management (EWM) considers that not all non‐crop plants cause harm, and that non‐harmful species ‘aliae plantae’ should be retained to provide multiple positive benefits. Only plants causing ‘significant harm’ are defined as weeds and should be controlled. However, this is difficult to achieve with current herbicide and mechanical weeding technologies. Robotic weeders may be able to facilitate EWM. Four Levels of robotic weeders are defined: Level 1 are row followers; Level 2 identify individual crop plants and weed around them; Level 3 individually identify all plants and individually kill all non‐crop plants; Level 4 weeders individually distinguish crop plants, aliae plantae, and weeds and only kill the weeds, thus facilitating EWM. Currently only Levels 1–3 robotic weeders exist. The aim of proposing Level 4 robotic weeders is to highlight, particularly to roboticists, that the end goal of robotic weeding should not be crop monocultures, but biodiverse fields through EWM. It is envisaged that Level 4 robotic weeders would not just operate in vegetable crops, which are the current focus of Level 3 weeders, but in all crops, such as fruit trees, where they could, for example, control weeds in living mulches. It is therefore considered essential that weed scientists and roboticists collaborate to ensure that robotic weeders achieve EWM, not monocultures. If this vision can be realised, it could usher in a revolution in weed management.