bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral health status of 12- and 15-year-old Lebanese school children
Authors: Abdel Malak Chirine , Chakar Carole , Romanos Alain , Rachidi Samar
Published: January 2021

Background: Studies addressing the oral health status among Lebanese school children are scarce. Aims: To assess the oral health status of Lebanese school children, and to provide epidemiological data for planning and evaluation of oral health care programmes. Methods: We selected 7902 schoolchildren aged 12–15 years from the 6 governorates of Lebanon, using a multistage probability sampling method. Data were obtained by self-administered structured questionnaires and clinical examinations (World Health Organization methodology and criteria). Dental caries was recorded using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. Periodontal status was evaluated using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Results: The mean (standard deviation) number of decayed, missing and filled teeth was 3.01 (2.927), 0.05 (0.245) and 2.14 (2.071), respectively, and the mean DMFT score was 5.20 (3.549). Among the whole tested population, the prevalence of caries was 89.5% and only 10.5% of the children were completely free of caries. Age, geographic location and school sector were the most significant risk factors for caries prevalence. Periodontal disease (CPI score > 0) was seen in 7633 participants (96.6%). In contrast to the shallow periodontal pockets that showed a low prevalence, calculus was the most frequently detected periodontal condition in both ages (50.9% at 12 years old and 50.2% at 15 years old). Age, sex, school sector and smoking status were significantly associated with occurrence of periodontal disease. Conclusion: Preventive and restorative public health campaigns are highly recommended to improve oral health status among Lebanese schoolchildren
Acculturation through Code-Switching Linguistic Analysis in Three Short-Stories: “Invierno”, “Nilda” and “The Pura Principle” (Díaz 2012)
Authors: Sánchez María Jesús , Pérez-García Elisa
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this article is to investigate whether Yunior, a character and narrator in the three short stories under study, “Invierno”, “The Pura Principle”, and “Nilda”, becomes absorbed into American culture or obtains a positive relationship with this culture without losing his Dominican identity. Quantitative analyses of the vocabulary in the L1 code-switches (Spanish) and of the L2 (English) vocabulary used by Yunior in the stories were carried out to appraise his linguistic progression. Code-switching was analyzed because it gives insights into how situation and context influences language use and why the characters use the language they do. The results obtained, by means of three common lexical measures used in foreign language research (lexical density, age of acquisition and lexical sophistication), allowed us to assess Yunior’s change of identity. According to the acculturation model, Yunior becomes acculturated in the host country, showing progression and integration with many cultural aspects of American life and the English language due to his formal education and early age of acquisition of L2.
Applied Linguistics and Knowledge Transfer: Employability, Internationalisation and Social Challenges, edited by Ana Bocanegra-Valle
Authors: Mohebbi Hassan
Published: January 2021

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Biblical Echoes and Communal Home in Jesmyn Ward's Salvage the Bones
Authors: Cucarella-Ramon Vicent
Published: January 2021

Jesmyn Ward’s second novel, Salvage the Bones (2011), offers a literary account of an African American family in dire poverty struggling to weather the horrors of Hurricane Katrina on the outskirts of Bois Sauvage, Mississippi. This article focuses on the novel’s ‘ideology of form’, which is premised on biblical models of narration —grounded on a literary transposition of The Book of Deuteronomy— that serves to portray the victimization of African Americans in mythical tones to evoke the country’s failed covenant between God and his chosen people. It also brings into focus the affective bonds of unity and communal healing relying on the idiosyncratic tenet of home understood as national space— following Winthrop’s foundational ideology. As I will argue, the novel contends that the revamped concept of communal home and familial bonds —echoing Winthrop’s emblem of national belonging— recasts the trope of biblical refuge as a potential tenet to foster selfassertion and to rethink the limits of belonging and acceptance.
Inmunización a Tripanosoma cruzi con antígenos tratados con detergentes
Authors: Soria Carlos , Dusanic Donald
Published: January 2021

C 3H/ Anf mice were immunized with Lubrol or cholate- treated culture forms of the Tuluhuén strain of Trypanosoma cruzi and subsequently challenged with the homologous bloodstream forms. The equivalent of 1x108 – 2x108 detergent-treated culture forms were injected intraperitoneally, intramuscularly or subcutaneously. The mice were challenged intraperitoneally with 1x105 – 2x105 bloddstream forms equivalent to 100-200LD50 administered 21 or 42 days after immunization. The effects of immunization were measured by recording survival times, noting blood and tissue parasitemias, and by attempting to recover parasites from the challenged mice in Rhesus monkey kidney tissue cell cultures and in irradiated mice.
Persistent Homology: Application To Monitoring Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Erofeev Kirill Yurevich , Ziiatdinov Mansur Tagirovich , Mokshin Evgenii Vladimirovich
Published: January 2021

Persistent homology is a topological data analysis tool which is reflecting changes in topological structure of data along its scale. Application of persistent homology to monitoring hydraulic fracturing which is allowing researchers to consider prior information in a natural way is given in the article
Spatial Orientation Of Objects Based On Processing Of A Natural Language Text For Storyboard Generation
Authors: Kugurakova Vlada Vladimirovna , Sahibgareeva Gulnara Faritovna , Nguyen An' Zung , Astafiev Andrey Maksimovich
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to our approaches to processing text in natural language to clarify the specific spatial relationship of objects and three-dimensional frame-by-frame visualization. The proposed approach allows us to show how the explicit constraints of the extracted spatial relationships affect and makes it possible to create possible layouts of objects on the scene. Natural language interpretations for spatial knowledge can generate three-dimensional scenes, which in turn are necessary to translate the scriptwriter's intent into the design of video games. The work also takes into account the rules of directing to create successful shots. Among them, accounting for the plan, camera rotation, as well as compositional nuances.
The History Of Genius Discovery Software
Authors: Mosolov Roman Valerʹevich
Published: January 2021

This article description the conception of History of Genius Discovery (History GD) software. The software has few similarities with GitHub software that have got wide famous at the professional developer’s community. The software appealed to solve two main science issues. History GD will save science and cultural heritage of Russian scientists and accumulate initial data for measuring tendencies of science theorems formation. The last will give the probability for appending The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas S. Kuhn by using numeric big data. Also, the software will minimise probability of losing scientific manuscripts by reason of scientists deaths. Software engineering, sociology, philosophy, law, and history are five scientific directions that are used as base for creating this software. The idea of creation have got at Kazan Federal University when we learned Big Data Science.
IMPROVEMENT OF THEORETICAL COMPETENCE OF BEGINNER ATHLETES IN CYCLIC SPORTS
Authors: Bohuslavska Viktoriia , Hlukhov Іvan , Pityn Maryn
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Despite the constant modernization of the athletes’ training system, as well as the existing legislative framework aimed at innovative transformations in the field of physical education and sports, currently, there is no information on the use of interactive tools in the theoretical training of athletes in cyclic sports, and it does not meet modern requirements for training athletes.

The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of training with the use of traditional and author’s interactive tools of theoretical training of beginner athletes in cyclic sports.

Material and methods. In this work, the following research methods were used: theoretical analysis and generalization of literary sources, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment, pedagogical testing, methods of mathematical statistics. The study included 36 people involved in kayaking and canoeing at the stage of initial training. The sports experience of the subjects was 1-2 years, qualification at the level of III sports categories. Classes on the developed programs were conducted in the preparatory period of the macrocycle.

Results. Training, in which only the theoretical training tools recommended by the curriculum were used, proved to be ineffective in most sections of knowledge at the stage of initial training of athletes. Training sessions with the use of interactive tools proved to be more effective than classes that used only the theoretical training tools recommended by the curriculum.

Conclusions. Classes with the use of interactive theoretical training tools contributed more to the increase of the general level of theoretical training of young rowers at the stage of initial training - up to 57,4 % (p < 0.05) than classes using only theoretical training tools recommended by the curriculum. - up to 40,8 % (p < 0.05).

Prospects for further research in this direction include the development and experimental testing of the author’s interactive tools for theoretical training, which will increase the level of theoretical training of athletes at different stages of training in cyclical sports.
INCREASING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PRE-COMPETITIVE TRAINING IN SOCCER ON THE STUDENT TEAM EXAMPLE
Authors: Vynohradov Valerii , Biletska Viktoriіa , Shvetz Sergii , Nahornyi Vadym
Published: January 2021

Introduction. In sports practice, the urgent issue is the use of a comprehensive load program and special ways to athletes recovery.

Aim is to determine the strategy of increase level in special training of soccer players during pre-competition training by optimizing the load and using special means for athletes recovery.

Material and methods. Theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature’s data, questionnaires, pedagogical observation, pedagogical testing, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics.

Results. During the study the forms, methods and means of athletes recovery in pre-competition training were analysis; the most accessible for the student soccer team were identified as sauna, sports massage, recovery and apparatus massage, contrast shower. The pre-competitive training program for the soccer student team of the University of Grinchenko was developed.

Conclusions. It is shown, the training of soccer players in the precompetitive mesocycle should be comprehensive, include loads and appropriate recovery; the use of special preparatory, technic-tactical exercises, control games to stabilize the optimal state of individual players and the entire team.
LEVELS OF PERSONAL MATURITY AMONG THE STUDENTS OF HUMANITARIAN UNIVERSITY
Authors: Savchenko Valentyn , Kharchenko Нalyna , Buriak Olga , Omeri Iryna , Nevedomsjka Jevgenija , Tymchyk lesia , Yatsenko Svitlana , Biletska Viktoria , Yasko Liliia
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Maturity of personality, their inner world plays a substantial role in
health development. For a reason, following the definition by the World Health
Organization spirituality is one of human health components. Still, the level of personal
maturity of an adult does not always comply with their age and can be lower.
Aim is to determine the levels of personal maturity (internal development) of the
humanitarian university students and to identify the peculiarities of their distribution
depending on gender, duration of studying, specialty, confession of faith, and attitude
to religion.
Material and methods. 207 students of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University,
average age of the surveyed 19.46 ± 2.12. There were 105 males (50.7%), and 102
females (49.3%). For determination of the levels of personal maturity the questionnaire
by Jose Stevens was implemented. There were 5 levels specificated: «baby», «junior»,
«teen», «young man/woman», and «adult».
Results. Among the humanitarian university students of the specialties «physical
therapy, ergotherapy» and «physical education and sports», in 62.8% (130/207) cases
high levels of personal maturity were identified, in 32.4% (67/207) cases there were
low levels. Among one fifth of the students (19.8%; 41/207) the combinations of
several levels of personal maturity were identified. It was indicative of the youth’s
failure to having an integral idea of their inner world and spirituality. The female
students were more internally developed than the male ones, which was indicative of
statistically substantial predominance of high levels of personal maturity among them
— 66.7%; 68/102 (among the males — 48.6%; 51/105). Ideas of personal maturity
among the senior students (the 4th and 5th years of studies) were more accomplished
than the ones of the junior students (the 1st and 2nd years of studies). Following religious
traditions both by the holders of religious beliefs and not, led to development of higher
levels of personal maturity compared to those students not following religious
traditions.
Conclusions. One third of the humanitarian university students have low level of
personal maturity (internal development). According to the level of personal maturity,
females prevail over males. The students following religious traditions (the holders of religious beliefs and not) are more internally developed than those not following such
traditions.
MIGRATION OF HIGHLY QUALIFIED VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS (BASING ON THE MATERIALS OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES TOURNAMENTS 1988– 2016)
Authors: Sushko Ruslana , Sobolev Evgen
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Modern sport development trends point the influence of
globalisation processes among which specialists mainly highlight the changes that
athletes’ migration provokes. Lack of information about the peculiarities of migration
processes in volleyball leads to the identification of a problematic issue which requires
study and analysis.
Aim is to study the migration of highly qualified volleyball players and the
performance effectiveness of their national teams in a retrospective review of Olympic
volleyball tournaments taking into account quantitative indicators for legionnaires
participation.
Material and methods: analysis and synthesis of scientific and methodological
literature and Internet data, comparative and historical research method, content
analysis, methods of mathematical statistics.
Results. The effectiveness of the men’s national teams performance in the final
part of the Olympic volleyball tournaments for the period 1988-2016 is analysed.
Migration was considered as a significant factor influencing the effectiveness of highly
qualified volleyball players competitive activity basing on the materials of the national
teams performance in the Olympics Games volleyball tournaments. The quantitative
and qualitative indicators dynamics of the athletes-legionnaires participation in the
national teams and approaches to the formation of teams regarding their representation
are determined.
Conclusions. Studying migration issues of highly qualified volleyball players
basing on their participation in the Olympic volleyball tournaments for the period
1988-2016 allowed us to identify growth and decline trends in quantitative and
qualitative indicators of the legionnaire players participation in national teams and
explain them for club teams development by modern trends strategies. Characteristic
features for the male volleyball national teams formation which are presented in
percentage values were identified and justified
ENERGY OPERATION NETWORK PROMOTION FOR MODELS OF INFORMAL EDUCATION
Authors: Hsu How-Gao , Shih Hsiu-Ching
Published: January 2021

This study aims to compile teaching materials designed for students to gain hands-on experience in energy conservation and carbon reduction, also to create maneuverable teaching tools to simulate renewable energy operation.  In order to achieve the set teaching goals, meetings of experts were summoned to verify and revise related literature as groundwork for the development of teaching tools.  To complete our teaching materials, we digitized and posted them on education network under energy conservation and carbon reduction so students can learn and assemble teaching tools online as well.  As a result of the integration of classroom instruction and the education computer network in information sharing among the students have become prevalent.  The results revealed the following: 1. the hands-on experience obtained on energy topics at the teacher's training camp helps to raise the energy consciousness of the college students. 2. the attitude, subjective norm and conscious behavior control of the college students will affect their behavioral intention on energy conservation and carbon reduction. 3. Hands-on experience with maneuverable teaching tools helps the elementary school students with their energy perception. 4. Learning from experience rather than knowledge from academic instruction tends to attract more learning interest from the students.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TOWARDS THE WORKERS IN TEA INDUSTRY OF ASSAM – A CASE STUDY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THREE COMPANY BASED INDUSTRY
Authors: Goowalla Horen
Published: January 2021

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) defined as “the ethical behavior of a company towards the society,” manifests itself in the form of such noble programs initiated by for-profit organizations. CSR has become increasingly prominent in the Indian corporate scenario because organizations have realized that besides growing their businesses, it is also vital to build trustworthy and sustainable relationships with the community at large. This is one of the key drivers of CSR programs. Though India is one of the fastest growing economies, socio-economic problems like poverty, illiteracy, lack of healthcare etc. are still ubiquitous and the government has limited resources to tackle these challenges. This scenario has opened up several areas for businesses to contribute towards social development. Companies have CSR teams that devise specific policies, strategies and goals for their CSR programs and set aside budgets to support them. Corporate Social Responsibility means the way in which  business firms integrate environmental, economic and social concerns into their culture, values, strategy, decision making and operations in an accountable and transparent manner and therefore, leading to better creation of wealth, an improved society and better  practices in the business organization. The research study has been undertaken by selecting three tea estates of Jorhat District of Assam, out of the total tea estates 135(Annual Report2013, Published tea Board of India). These tea estates are considered only Company based, tea estates for the study.

This paper is about how Tea Industry performs their Social Responsibility towards their workers. Research is based on the three Tea Gardens industry i.e. how they fulfill their task towards the benefit of Society. In this paper,  an attempt has been made to highlights how the companies based tea industries have introduced many workers welfare activities, social development programmes, better working conditions,provide better medical and sanitation facilities, sports and cultural activities in order to improve  their standard of living of employees.
PARTITION CONGRUENCES AND DYSON’S RANK
Authors: Das Sabuj
Published: January 2021

In this article the rank of a partition of an integer is a certain integer associated with the partition. The term has first introduced by freeman Dyson in a paper published in Eureka in 1944. In 1944, F.S. Dyson discussed his conjectures related to the partitions empirically some Ramanujan’s famous partition congruences. In 1921, S. Ramanujan proved his famous partition congruences: The number of partitions of numbers 5n+4, 7n+5 and 11n +6 are divisible by 5, 7 and 11 respectively in another way. In 1944, Dyson defined the relations related to the rank of partitions. These are later proved by Atkin and Swinnerton-Dyer in 1954.

The proofs are analytic relying heavily on the properties of modular functions. This paper shows how to generate the generating functions for In this paper, we show how to prove the Dyson’s conjectures with rank of partitions.
Energy security of Greece: national and European dimensions
Authors: Sumin A.M.
Published: January 2021

The article examines the national concept of energy security, which is the basis for the energy policy of Greece. The factors that shape the perception of national energy security at the political and expert levels due to regional specifics are analyzed. The influence of these factors (external and internal) on the country’s energy policy is emphasized. The reasons for the liberalization of the Greek energy sector are considered. The article describes individual branches of the energy sector and their role in ensuring energy security. The impact of new trends in global energy markets on the Greek energy sector is considered. The article describes new opportunities and challenges that Greece faces due to the impact of globalization on the world energy sector. The article analyzes the country’s view of its place and role in the implementation of the European Union’s energy policy. Energy projects implemented by leading players with the participation of Greece are listed and characterized. Emphasis is placed on the possibilities of Russian-Greek cooperation in the energy sector.
Impelementasi Pemeliharaan Jiwa (Hifz Al-Nafs) Pada Pengasuhan Anak Berbasis Keluarga
Authors: Hayat Aay Siti Raohatul
Published: January 2021

The formula for nurturing the soul always receives interesting discussions, likewise the SOS Children's Village as the largest non-governmental organization dedicated to caring for children who are abandoned and have lost their parents. The SOS Children's Village of Semarang believes that every child deserves to have a loving home by giving children supports they need to grow strong in sustaining life. This article focused on the discussion on how SOS Children's Village formulates ḥifẓ al-nafs by means of parenting styles applied in SOS. The phenomenological approach was used to see how the formulation of soul care was applied by SOS, so that the maintenance of the soul as a part of maqāṣid al-sharī'ah could be more unique due to the emphasis on applicative and empirical nourishment of the soul. SOS had three (3) work programs, namely family-based care, family strengthening programs, and disaster emergency response. The three programs were oriented towards fulfilling children's rights as an effort to nurture children's souls so that they could grow and develop like children with nuclear families, where children who lost their care would live in an SOS village with a substitute family. This concept of care involved a foster mother in each house as the center of care, other children as siblings in the family home, and the SOS Family Village. The forms of care provided by the foster mother included paying attention, supervising, interacting and giving support to the SOS children. Also, the values conveyed in this parenting included religion, love and affection, responsibility and discipline
Kerukshahan Meninggalkan Shalat Jum’at Pada Hari Raya Idain (Studi Takhrij Hadis)
Authors: Saputra Edriagus , Zakiyah Zakiyah , Sari Dian Puspita
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine the quality of the hadith about Islamic remission of leaving Friday prayer in coincidence with Eid al-Fitr or Eid al-Adha, both from the sanad and matan. This study is also to find out the hadith’s meanings. By means of takhrij al-hadith and fiqh al-hadith methods, it is concluded that the hadith about Islamic remission of living Friday prayer in coincidence with the 'Idain is dhaif because the sanad, Iyas bin Ramlah and Israil got jarah of the Muslim scholars in all channels of the hadith’s sanad. Meanwhile, for the understanding of Muslim scholars about the Islamic remission of leaving Friday prayer on the 'Idain, it is permissible as long as there are certain syar'i cases causing not to be able to perform Friday prayer, such as: rainy days, sickness, travelers, or being in the domicile far from the places that hold Friday prayer
Response of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L. Saccharata) Growth on the Treatment of Organic and NPK Fertilizer
Authors: Raksun Ahmad , Merta I Wayan , Mertha I Gde , Ilhamdi Mohammad Liwa
Published: January 2021

Sweet corn fruit is one of the food favored by the people of Indonesia. The growth and yield of sweet corn can be increased by fertilizing. Research on the response of sweet corn growth to organic and NPK fertilizer was conducted in the Terong Tawah Village, West Lombok Regency. The purpose of this research was to determine: (1) response of the growth of sweet corn to the organic fertilizer treatment, (2) response of the growth of sweet corn to the NPK fertilizer treatment, (3) the effect of the interaction between organic and NPK fertilizer on the growth of sweet corn. The growth parameters of sweet corn are stem height, leaf lenght, number of leaf and stem diameter. Research data were analyzed using analysis of variance. The results showed that: (1) sweet corn growth has a positive response to the organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer can increas stem height, leaf lenght, number of leaf and stem diameter, (2)ÃÂ  sweet corn growth has a positive response to the NPK fertilizer, NPK fertilizer can increase allÃÂ  growth parameter, (3) the interaction between organic and NPK fertilizer has no significant effect on all growth parameters, (4) the optimum dose of organic fertilizer is 1.5 kg m-2 of agricultural land, (5) The treatment of 6 g NPK fertilizer was better than other treatments.
Peningkatan Kapasitas Masyarakat Kopi di Desa Aik Berik, Kecamatan Batu Kliang Utara, Kabupaten Lombok Barat
Authors: Sjah Taslim , Halil Halil , Budastra I Ketut , Tanaya I Gusti Lanang Parta
Published: January 2021

Coffee is one of the important plantation crops in West Lombok Regency, with one of the Robusta coffee production centers in Batu Kliang Utara district. This production is generally sold by growers in raw or unprocessed form, but some people do the processing individually or in groups. The coffee processing group has processed and marketed coffee with some success, characterized by their almost always depleted product. However, they stated that they still wanted to move forward and receive guidance or advice on different aspects of coffee from the aspects of production, processing, business development, marketing and the use of technology such as online marketing. This manufacturing problem is exacerbated by marketing and business management issues. In order to overcome these problems and at the same time improve the living conditions of the community, this service activity was carried out, namely transferring knowledge about increasing the capacity of the coffee community in Aik Berik Village, Batu Kliang Utara District, West Lombok Regency. The aim of this activity in general is to increase the income of community actors, especially coffee farmers and their families. The phases of activities to achieve these overall goals are carried out through specific objectives to improve technical marketing and management capabilities. Evaluation of activities shows positive results in the form of increased knowledge and enthusiasm for business due to the potential for increased benefits obtained through the application of the acquired knowledge and previous knowledge. Therefore, these types of activities must be redone in new locations and in new (business) activity fields. Awareness activities such as these must be carried out as they are necessary for the local community and the potential for natural and human resources to carry out these activities is quite high.
Schools of Tomorrow
Authors: Kuş Metin
Published: January 2021

Education reformist and philosopher John Dewey has stated that the ultimate aim of writing “School’s of Tomorrow”  is not an attempt to develop a complete theory of education nor yet review any systems or discuss the views of prominent educators.This is not a text book of education nor yet an exposition of a new method of school teaching, aims to show the weary teacher or the discontented parent how education should be carried on. The aim of this book is to show what actually happens  when schools start out to put into practice each in its own way, the effects of applications arise from new educational ideas and the direction and meaning that education seems to be taking at present time. The most important point that should be taken into consideration in the book “School’s of Tomorrow” which was written by John Dewey a century ago in 1915,  is that  Are  the schools at present educational system in 2016 able to provide educational application and practices mentioned in the book? In the book it is asserted that education is the result of natural growth and it gives much importance and consistent with basic educational principles such as  personal liberties and individuality. In addition; the role of education in social development and supplying local needs are the two important current topics discussed in educational system makes the book ultimately notable. Anoter important issue emphasized in the book is  guiding to  constitute democracy tradition in education. The book is useful source for the  educators, parents and pupils.
Implementing Eclectic Method for ELT through Distance Learning during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Irwandi Irwandi
Published: January 2021

This article argues that teaching English through distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic requires an appropriate teaching method. This is since English language teaching (ELT) is not only aimed at guiding learners to master language skills, but also to learn independently and have a positive attitude towards learning English. To achieve this goal, this article promotes the implementation of the eclectic method to ELT for Junior and Senior High School learners through distance learning. Through the library research method, this research discovers the concept of distance learning, the characteristics of the eclectic method and its application strategy. Five main strategies are proposed for applying eclectic method, namely providing meaningful learning activities, finding eclectic features in various language teaching methods, applying contextual learning, giving various assignments, and providing differentiated feedback. It is concluded that beside to mediate the various language teaching methods with their strengths and weaknesses, this method also becomes a vehicle to lead the learners to learn English language independently. In brief, the eclectic method is feasible for English language teaching through distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Planos nacionais de reforma agrária: uma leitura a partir dos movimentos sociais
Authors: Santos Claudinei Lucio , Silva Alex Sandro Possamai da
Published: January 2021

A Reforma Agrária sempre foi pauta de calorosos debates no mundo político e acadêmico brasileiro. Apesar de profundas pressões sociais e da criação de legislações a terra nunca foi distribuída de forma democrática no Brasil. O trabalho aqui desenvolvido tem por objetivo realizar um esforço em descrever sobre os três Planos Nacionais de Reforma Agrária propostos no sentido de executar as medidas estabelecidas no Estatuto da Terra. Descreve-se, nesta seara, o contexto político em que tais planos foram criados, bem como seus limites e fracassos que elevaram a Reforma agrária a um patamar de questão insolúvel até os dias atuais.
Aspectos da política sul-mato-grossense: uma breve análise de conjuntura
Authors: Souza Ailton
Published: January 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma breve análise de conjuntura acerca do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul privilegiando alguns aspectos em torno da política regional.  Para atingir este propósito adotamos como método de abordagem um recorte exploratório-descritivo do estado identificando e cotejando seus principais atores e nuances que englobam sua historia recente. As diretrizes, escolhas e decisões de um governo provocam mudanças que incidem diretamente na sociedade, sendo o desenho e a produção de políticas públicas o seu principal instrumento da governança. Todavia, as ações do governo não são ao acaso, mas influenciadas por amplo jogo de forças envolvendo atores e interesses muitas vezes divergentes. A atuação do governo através das políticas públicas pode ser derivada de diferentes ações a partir de Leis, Decretos e outras formas de exercício do poder nem sempre objetivas. Em todos os casos é necessário constantemente redescobrir a realidade, visto que os atores sociais, políticos e econômicos se movimentam no tabuleiro da política.
Continuous Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block for Refractory Hemicrania Continua
Authors: Restrepo-Garces Carlos E
Published: January 2021

Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TAC) pose a significant challenge for pain physicians. Despite being part of the primary headache disorders, they are uncommon in the general population. Although the literature commonly describes pharmacological management, in refractory patients, interventional pain modalities may be necessary .
Guest Editorial for Special Issue Volume 74S
Authors: Scheper Reiny W.A. , Walter Monika
Published: January 2021

Special Issue:
Fourth International Workshop on European Fruit Tree Canker and Resilient Orchards
2–6 November 2020, New Zealand, online via Zoom
Nghề, nghiệp và tần suất viết
Authors: Hiep Pham Hung
Published: January 2021

Điều đầu tiên tôi muốn bàn ở đây là từ khóa “người viết”. Về mặt truyền thống, khi nói đến người làm nghề/nghiệp viết, ta thường nghĩ ngay đến nhà báo, nhà văn (theo nghĩa rộng tức là bao gồm cả người viết văn và viết thơ).
RIMS2 is a differentially expressed gene in brain metastatic human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: January 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 2, encoded by RIMS2, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. RIMS2 mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of RIMS2 in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient distant metastasis-free survival. Modulation of RIMS2 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Program Input Data Buku Praktek Borland Delphi
Authors: Prayoga Refki
Published: January 2021

Program Input Data Buku Praktek Borland Delphi
Memanfaatkan Waktu
Authors: Sofanudin Aji
Published: January 2021

Dalam hadits, rasul sering mengingatkan kepada kita “dua nikmat yang sering dilupakan (disia-siakan) oleh manusia, yakni nikmat sehat dan nikmat waktu”. Dalam hadits yang lain, Rasulullah juga mengingatkan pergunakankan yang lima sebelum datang yang lima
Psychological structure and neuroendocrine patterns of daily stress appraisals
Authors: Sicorello Maurizio , Neubauer Andreas B. , Stoffel Martin , Köhler Friederike , voss andreas , Ditzen Beate
Published: January 2021

Threat and challenge are two fundamental appraisal concepts of psychological stress theories, determined by the mismatch between demands and resources. Previous research has predominantly investigated the neuroendocrine correlates of stress appraisal in laboratory contexts during acute demanding situations. We tested whether the psychoneuroendocrinology of stress appraisals can also be investigated in naturalistic trans-contextual everyday life settings. Forty-two participants produced five daily saliva samples and provided concurrent questionnaire data on subjective stress, demands, resources, and the threat–challenge continuum over the course of five days (69% female; mean age = 22.8, range = 18–30 years). Momentary salivary cortisol and alpha amylase were predicted with three-level autoregressive linear mixed models. We found that both momentary cortisol and alpha amylase were elevated during higher subjective stress. In contrast, cortisol was not significantly related to a bipolar threat–challenge indicator. Moreover within-person response surface analyses showed no effect of the mismatch between demands and resources on either physiological stress indicator, but confirmed theoretically proposed effects on subjective threat–challenge, which was replicated in another intensive longitudinal (N = 61) and a large cross-sectional sample (N = 1194). In sum, our study (a) suggests robust relations between subjective stress and HPA/SAM axis activity on a moment-to-moment basis and (b) confirms theoretical predictions concerning stress appraisal and the mismatch between demands and resources on a psychological level. In contrast, no neuroendocrine patterns of threat–challenge were found, suggesting that neuroendocrine patterns might be context-specific and do not apply to a general demand-resource imbalance in everyday life.
KAPODI- The Searchable Database of 364 Available Emotional Stimuli Sets
Authors: Diconne Kathrin , Paltoglou Aspa , Kountouriotis Georgios , Parker Andrew , Hostler Tom
Published: January 2021

Emotional stimuli such as images, words, music, speech, or video-clips are often used in studies researching emotion. Over the past decades, new sets have continuously been published and presented to the research community. The immense number of available sets can complicate the task when researchers are looking for suitable stimuli for their study.This paper presents the comprehensive work of the creation of a database currently including 364 stimuli sets published between 1963 and 2020. All included sets are freely available or available upon request. Over 45 aspects, including over 25 key set characteristics such as sort, number and resolution of included stimuli; rating scales; included emotions; age, gender and number of raters; or, age, gender and number of models, have been extracted and listed for each stimuli set. A searchable online version of the database allows users to select specific set characteristics and to find matching stimuli sets accordingly. The KAPODI searchable database facilitates finding of and comparison between individual sets, and therefore provides a useful resource for researchers aiming to access emotional stimuli sets.
Processing linguistic negation with and without truth-value evaluation: Evidence from N400 and theta oscillations
Authors: Sommer Johanna , Hansen-Schirra Silvia , Nagels Arne , He Yifei
Published: January 2021

How linguistic negation is processed online has been a long-standing issue in psycho- and neurolinguistics. In this study, we investigated negation processing in two distinct types of sentences with truth value evaluation (e.g., ‘A robin is a/not a bird’), and without (e.g., ‘The woman reads a/no book’), focusing on electroencephalogram (EEG) indices in terms of the N400 component and oscillatory power and inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC). Across both sentence constructions, we observed enhanced N400 and increased ITPC in the theta band for semantically unrelated target words, irrespective of negation. However for the theta power, we observed distinct modulation effects of negation on semantic-relatedness for two types of sentence constructions. In addition, we showed that direct comparison between affirmative and negative target words led to effects in the N400 and theta power in a nuanced manner. Our findings provide novel evidence on a more interactive role of negation during online sentence processing.
Sustainable Livelihood Framework: Monitoring and Evaluation
Authors: Karki Sabin
Published: January 2021

A livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets and activities required for a means of living. A livelihood is sustainable when it can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks and maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets both now and in the future, while not undermining the natural resource base. And The Framework used can be understood as a tool or checklist to understand poverty in responding to poor people’s views and their own understanding of poverty. In this context, a research was designed to study the sustainable livelihood framework: monitoring and evaluation.  Different related of published and unpublished materials like books, research articles and other materials like package manuals were reviewed and the paper was prepared. The paper showed that, livelihood approaches are conceptual frameworks that promote people centered development. They are responsive and participatory, and they favor multidisciplinary and multilevel development interactions. Monitoring and evaluation must look beyond activity-based indicators of progress and resource-based definitions of change to measure achievements from the perspective of partners and beneficiaries. Livelihoods analysis helps us to address these assumptions as part of the project design. Assumptions can be ‘internalized’ either by including complementary activities (to cover ‘horizontal’ assumptions) or by linking projects up-stream and down-stream to ensure an appropriate enabling environment.

Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 8, Issue-1: 266-271
Przeżycia i emocje towarzyszące studentom pierwszego roku magisterskich studiów logopedycznych
Authors: Dębski Robert , Matusiak Feliks , Młyński Rafał
Published: January 2021

Nauczanie problemowe (ang. Problem-based Learning) wywarło w ostatnich latach duży wpływ na światową dydaktykę akademicką, w tym na dydaktykę logopedyczną. W Polsce zauważalnym trendem w kształceniu uniwersyteckim staje się przechodzenie od form tradycyjnych, czyli wykładów i ćwiczeń, do metody problemowej. Wciąż brakuje jednak badań adaptacji metody problemowej w warunkach polskich, w tym badań dotyczących odbioru takiej formy kształcenia przez studentów. W artykule przedstawiono badania jakościowe dotyczące przeżyć i emocji, jakie towarzyszyły sześciorgu studentom (próba celowa) pierwszego roku magisterskich studiów logopedycznych na Uniwersytecie Jagiellońskim podczas wyboru studióww formacie metody problemowej, studiowania oraz planowania pracy w zawodzie logopedy. Fenomenologiczna analiza wywiadów pogłębionych pozwoliła wyłonić tematy wiodące i peryferyjne, które mogą stać się podstawą działań zmierzających do poprawy odbioru nauczania problemowego przez studentów logopedii.
Development of and Validity Evidence for a Canine Ocular Model for Training Novice Veterinary Students to Perform a Fundic Examination
Authors: Banse Heidi E. , McMillan Chantal J. , Warren Amy L. , Hecker Kent G. , Wilson Bethan , Skorobohach Brian J. , Carter Renee T. , Lewin Andrew C. , Kondro Doug A. , Ungrin Mark D. , Dorosz Samuel G. , Baker Rose E. , Dehghanpir Shannon D. , Grandt Beth B. , Hale Mitchell Lorrie K. , Anderson Sarah J.
Published: January 2021

Indirect fundoscopy is challenging for novice learners, as patients are often intolerant of the procedure, impeding development of proficiency. To address this, we developed a canine ocular simulator that we hypothesized would improve student learning compared to live dogs. Six board-certified veterinary ophthalmologists and 19 second-year veterinary students (novices) performed an indirect fundic examination on the model and live dog. Prior to assessment, novices were introduced to the skill with a standardized teaching protocol and practiced (without feedback) with either the model ( n = 10) or live dog ( n = 9) for 30 minutes. All participants evaluated realism and usefulness of the model using a Likert-type scale. Performance on the live dog and model was evaluated in all participants using time to completion of task, performance of fundic examination using a checklist and global score, identification of objects in the fundus of the model, and evaluation of time spent looking at the fundus of the model using eye tracking. Novices (trained on simulator or live dogs) were compared in fundic examination performance on the live dog and identification of shapes in the model. In general, experts performed the fundic examination faster ( p ≤ .0003) and more proficiently than the novices, although there were no differences in eye tracking behavior between groups ( p ≥ .06). No differences were detected between training on simulator versus live dog in development of fundoscopy skills in novices ( p ≥ .20). These findings suggest that this canine model may be an effective tool to train students to perform fundoscopy.
AgSecure Africa ProgrammeTM: A Blended Training Approach for Africa
Authors: Arenas-Gamboa Angela M. , Simmons Heather L. , Krecek Rosina C. , Logan Linda L. , Ellis Dee , Ptaschinski Maryn , Cargill Jessica S. , Werre Stephen R. , Mulumba Misheck , Heath Livio
Published: January 2021

An innovative training program entitled “AgSecure Africa ProgrammeTM” was developed in partnership with the South African Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research (ARC-OVR) to train veterinarians, animal health technicians, researchers and laboratory personnel. Three blended courses consisting of both virtual and in-person delivery were provided with the intent of contributing to the better prevention, detection and control of infectious diseases of livestock and poultry of significant importance for the region with a strong emphasis on transboundary animal diseases. A “train the trainer” model of instruction was employed to equip participants with the ability to train and share knowledge with colleagues and small-holder farmers in their various communities and regions. The design of this program was to increase the capacity of veterinarians and veterinary diagnosticians to safely and accurately diagnose infectious livestock diseases and to also empower small-holder farmers with the knowledge needed to safely and securely manage their livestock and be a first line defense in the prevention and control of infectious livestock diseases. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations were used to measure the impact of the trainings which revealed significant increases in knowledge gains. Course materials were submitted and approved for accreditation by the South African Veterinary Council (SAVC) becoming the first international training program to achieve this. Approval of these courses led to licensed veterinarians and animal health technicians being awarded continuing professional development credits upon their successful completion of courses. A larger goal was to build training capacity, not only for South Africa, but also for the region.