bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Specific binding of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ea toxin, and Cry1Ac and Cry1Fa competition analyses in Anticarsia gemmatalis and Chrysodeixis includens
Authors: Bel Yolanda , Zack Marc , Narva Ken , Escriche Baltasar
Published: December 2019

Anticarsia gemmatalis (velvetbean caterpillar) and Chrysodeixis includens (soybean looper) are two important defoliation pests of soybeans. In the present study, we have investigated the susceptibility and brush border membrane-binding properties of both species to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ea toxin. Bioassays performed in first-instar larvae demonstrated potent activity against both soybean pests in terms of mortality or practical mortality. Competition-binding studies carried out with 125Iodine-labelled Cry1Ea, demonstrated the presence of specific binding sites on the midgut brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) of both insect species. Heterologous competition-binding experiments indicated that Cry1Ea does not share binding sites with Cry1Ac or Cry1Fa in either soybean pest. This study contributes to the knowledge of Cry1Ea toxicity and midgut binding sites in A. gemmatalis and C. includens and sheds light on the cross-resistance potential of Cry1Ea with other Bt proteins aimed at controlling lepidopteran pests in soybeans.
Radon exposure is rising steadily within the modern North American residential environment, and is increasingly uniform across seasons
Authors: Stanley Fintan K. T. , Irvine Jesse L. , Jacques Weston R. , Salgia Shilpa R. , Innes Daniel G. , Winquist Brandy D. , Torr David , Brenner Darren R. , Goodarzi Aaron A.
Published: December 2019

Human-made buildings can artificially concentrate radioactive radon gas of geologic origin, exposing occupants to harmful alpha particle radiation emissions that damage DNA and increase lung cancer risk. We examined how North American residential radon exposure varies by modern environmental design, occupant behaviour and season. 11,727 residential buildings were radon-tested using multiple approaches coupled to geologic, geographic, architectural, seasonal and behavioural data with quality controls. Regional residences contained 108 Bq/m3 geometric mean radon (min < 15 Bq/m3; max 7,199 Bq/m3), with 17.8% ≥ 200 Bq/m3. Pairwise analysis reveals that short term radon tests, despite wide usage, display limited value for establishing dosimetry, with precision being strongly influenced by time of year. Regression analyses indicates that the modern North American Prairie residential environment displays exceptionally high and worsening radon exposure, with more recent construction year, greater square footage, fewer storeys, greater ceiling height, and reduced window opening behaviour all associated with increased radon. Remarkably, multiple test approaches reveal minimal winter-to-summer radon variation in almost half of properties, with the remainder having either higher winter or higher summer radon. This challenges the utility of seasonal correction values for establishing dosimetry in risk estimations, and suggests that radon-attributable cancers are being underestimated.
Measuring the Effects of Health Claims and Symbols: The CLYMBOL Methodological Toolbox
Authors: Hieke Sophie , Grunert Klaus G.
Published: December 2019

In order to know how health claims and symbols affect consumer behaviour, the right methods need to be used to study such effects. As part of the EU-funded project CLYMBOL, a methodological toolbox was developed. In this chapter, we review existing literature on consumers and health claims and the methods applied evaluated based on a set number of criteria. The objective has been to derive recommendations for the use of methods in studying the effects of health claims and symbols, for specific research questions, by specific stakeholder groups.
Food Labelling Practices in North America: Canada and the USA
Authors: Godefroy Samuel Benrejeb , Teng Kenneth
Published: December 2019

Food labels represent an important tool for consumers to secure information about food product composition and facilitate informed decision-making regarding suitability. Canada and the USA have led the way, by means of adopting food labelling regulatory requirements with mandatory declarations, where thresholds of risk or evidence have been attained. In both countries, regulators have also set conditions for the discretionary use of certain statements on food labels. This chapter reviews food labelling regulatory practices in Canada and the USA, with an emphasis on their policy rationale and drivers of change.
Recombinase assisted loop-mediated isothermal DNA amplification
Authors: Chen Gangyi , Chen Rong , Ding Sheng , Li Mei , Wang Jiayu , Zou Jiawei , Du Feng , Dong Juan , Cui Xin , Huang Xin , Deng Yun , Tang Zhuo
Published: December 2019

A novel method named RALA which combines the advantages of recombinase and loop-mediated amplification was developed. Fast and sequence-specific detection was achieved by introducing a probe named ProofMan.
Towards one-step design of tailored enzymatic nanobiosensors
Authors: Semenova D. , Gernaey K. V. , Morgan B. , Silina Y. E.
Published: December 2019

NP-based enzymatic biosensors were prepared by the simultaneous encapsulation of glucose and alcohol oxidases, Nafion and noble metal NPsviaco-deposition from a phosphate multiple electrolyte on top of the sensor surface.
Development of an electrochemical aptasensor using Au octahedra and graphene for signal amplification
Authors: Wei Min , Yue Shuang , Zhang Wenyang , Li Xiying
Published: December 2019

A novel electrochemical aptasensor for ochratoxin A was constructed based on Au octahedra and graphene as a signal amplification strategy.
Methacrylate-based polymer foams with controllable connectivity, pore shape, pore size and polydispersity
Authors: Dabrowski Miriam Lucia , Jenkins Dana , Cosgriff-Hernandez Elizabeth , Stubenrauch Cosima
Published: December 2019

Polymer foams with controllable connectivity, pore shape, pore size and polydispersityviaemulsion templating.
C2N/BlueP van der Waals hetero-structure: an efficient photocatalytic water splitting 2D material
Authors: Zhou Hao , Cai Weishan , Li Jianwei , Liu Xinyi , Xiong Wen , Zhou Yi , Xu Zhong , Wang Bin , Ye Cong
Published: December 2019

A highly efficient type-II 2D heterostructure for photocatalytic water splitting.
Non-destructive analysis of samples with a complex geometry by NRTA
Authors: Ma Fei , Kopecky Stefan , Alaerts Gery , Harada Hideo , Heyse Jan , Kitatani Fumito , Noguere Gilles. , Paradela Carlos , Šalamon Lino , Schillebeeckx Peter , Tsuchiya Harufumi , Wynants Ruud
Published: December 2019

A non-destructive technique for the elemental and isotopic analysis.
High performance bulk photovoltaics in narrow-bandgap centrosymmetric ultrathin films
Authors: Mai Haoxin , Lu Teng , Sun Qingbo , Elliman Robert G. , Kremer Felipe , Duong The , Catchpole Kylie , Li Qian , Yi Zhiguo , Frankcombe Terry J. , Liu Yun
Published: December 2019

Intensive bulk photovoltaic effects are produced in narrow-bandgap centrosymmetric materials by a new strategy based on polar nano-regions.
Post-assembly dimension-dependent face-selective etching of fullerene crystals
Authors: Hsieh Cheng-Tien , Hsu Shan-hui , Maji Subrata , Chahal Mandeep K. , Song Jingwen , Hill Jonathan P. , Ariga Katsuhiko , Shrestha Lok Kumar
Published: December 2019

Ethylene diamine potentially causes dimension-dependent face-selective chemical etching of fullerene crystals based on a post-assembly method.
A BPt4S4 cluster: a planar tetracoordinate boron system with three charges all at their global energy minima
Authors: Feng Wei , Zhu Changyan , Liu Xingman , Zhang Min , Geng Yun , Zhao Liang , Su Zhongmin
Published: December 2019

The monoanion state of BPt4S4− possesses the lowest energy among the three oxidation states with planar tetracoordinate boron.
Ultra stable superatomic structure of doubly magic Ga13 and Ga13Li electrolyte
Authors: Steenbergen Krista G. , Gaston Nicola
Published: December 2019

Superatomic super-stability: The Ga13Li electrolyte and 13-atom gallium clusters exhibit extremely high thermal stability in their superatomic shell structure.
Plant defensin PvD1 modulates the membrane composition of breast tumour-derived exosomes
Authors: Skalska Julia , Oliveira Filipa D. , Figueira Tiago N. , Mello Érica O. , Gomes Valdirene M. , McNaughton-Smith Grant , Castanho Miguel A. R. B. , Gaspar Diana
Published: December 2019

Plant defensin PvD1 attenuates recruitment of CD63 and CD9 to emerging exosomes of breast cancer MCF-7 cells, and binds to mature exosomes, which uncovers the nutraceutical potential of the natural source of PvD1, the bean Phaseolus vulgaris.
Memristive synapses with high reproducibility for flexible neuromorphic networks based on biological nanocomposites
Authors: Ge Jun , Li Dongyuan , Huang Changqiao , Zhao Xuanbo , Qin Jieli , Liu Huanyu , Ye Weiyong , Xu Wenchao , Liu Zhiyu , Pan Shusheng
Published: December 2019

A memristive synapse based on novel biomaterial nanocomposites is proposed and simulations including the non-ideal factors prove an online learning accuracy of 94.3%.
Hierarchical bimetallic hydroxide/chalcogenide core–sheath microarrays for freestanding ultrahigh rate supercapacitors
Authors: Xu Jia , Han Fenfen , Fang Dianlei , Wang Xinlei , Tang Jian , Tang Weihua
Published: December 2019

Hierarchical Ni–Co hydroxide/chalcogenide core–sheath microarrays are designed for freestanding ultrahigh rate supercapacitors.
Ratiometric sensing of alkaline phosphatase based on the catalytical activity from Mn–Fe layered double hydroxide nanosheets
Authors: Peng Chao , Xing Huanhuan , Xue Yuan , Wang Jin , Li Jing , Wang Erkang
Published: December 2019

Two-dimensional (2D) Mn–Fe layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets are firstly examined to mediate an O-phenylenediamine (OPD) based fluorescent switch in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA) for ratiometric sensing of alkaline phosphatase (ALP).
The surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection of N-nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrosodiethylamine via gold nanorod arrays with a chemical linkage of zwitterionic copolymer
Authors: Lin Chen-Hsueh , Wang Po-Hsin , Wang Tsang-Hsien , Yang Li-Jung , Wen Ten-Chin
Published: December 2019

With the PGMA-r-PSBMA surface modification, the Raman scattering cross-sections of NDMA and NDEA molecules were enhanced. Consequently, the Raman signals were detected with good homogeneity, reproducibility, and detection limits.
Defect-targeted self-healing of multiscale damage in polymers
Authors: Yang Yang , Gao Lei , Xie Jiaye , Zhou Yao , Hu Jun , Li Qi , He Jinliang
Published: December 2019

Repeatable self-healing of multiscale damage ranging from nanometer to millimeter is achieved in thermoplastic polymers through defect-targeted magnetic heating.
Room temperature single electron transistor based on a size-selected aluminium cluster
Authors: Zharinov Vyacheslav S. , Picot Thomas , Scheerder Jeroen E. , Janssens Ewald , Van de Vondel Joris
Published: December 2019

We developed a novel two-point contacting approach to atomically controlled single nano-objects under pristine conditions. This technique is used to realize SET devices.
cRGD-modified and disulfide bond-crosslinked polymer nanoparticles based on iopamidol as a tumor-targeted CT contrast agent
Authors: Gao Chunhui , Zhang Yinghua , Zhang Yan , Li Shaoyong , Yang Xinlin , Chen Yan , Fu Jingwei , Wang Yinsong , Yang Xiaoying
Published: December 2019

The disulfide bond-crosslinked polymer nanoparticles based on iopamidol were prepared and then surface-modified with cRGD peptide through the linkages of PEG to acquire a CT contrast agent for breast cancer-targeted imaging.
Three stable dinuclear [M2(OH)0.5(NO3)0.5(RCOO)2(RN)4] (M = Cu, Ni) based metal–organic frameworks with high CO2 adsorption and selective separation for O2/N2 and C3H8/CH4
Authors: Kan Liang , Li Lan , Li Guanghua , Zhang Lirong , Liu Yunling
Published: December 2019

Three isostructural and stable MOFs have been constructed. All the three compounds with high-density OMSs exhibit high performances for CO2 capture and selective separation.
Core–shell magnetic nano-powders with an excellent decolorization effect on dye wastewater
Authors: He Shuai , Zhu Hanzhe , Zhao Hui , Zhu Zhenghou
Published: December 2019

In recent years, zero-valent nano-iron (nZVI) has received extensive attention due to its excellent decolorization effect on dye wastewater.
Pd-catalyzed intramolecular addition of active methylene compounds to alkynes with subsequent cross-coupling with (hetero)aryl halides
Authors: Błocka Aleksandra , Woźnicki Paweł , Stankevič Marek , Chaładaj Wojciech
Published: December 2019

A tandem cyclization/coupling of acetylenic active methylene compounds with aryl halides features broad scope and excellent functional group compatibility. Mechanistic studies identified 5-exo-digcyclization as the rate limiting step.
Ultrasound-induced reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondria-specific damage by sonodynamic agent/metal ion-doped mesoporous silica
Authors: Lin Kecan , Lin Ziguo , Li Yujie , Zheng Youshi , Zhang Da
Published: December 2019

Herein, we design tumor microenvironment specific active nano sono-chemodynamic agent for synergistic photodynamic–chemodynamic cancer therapy.
Concentration and pump power-mediated color tunability, optical heating and temperature sensing via TCLs of red emission in an Er3+/Yb3+/Li+ co-doped ZnGa2O4 phosphor
Authors: Monika Monika , Yadav Ram Sagar , Bahadur Amresh , Rai Shyam Bahadur
Published: December 2019

The Er3+/Yb3+/Li+ co-doped ZnGa2O4 phosphor gives intense red upconversion photoluminescence, color tunability with Er3+ ion concentration and incident pump power, R/G ratio, induced optical heating and temperature sensing characteristics.
Dandelion flower-like micelles
Authors: Yao Yongchao , Xu Deqiu , Zhu Yuhong , Dai Xin , Yu Yunlong , Luo Jianbin , Zhang Shiyong
Published: December 2019

Dandelion flower-like micelles (DFMs) can release surface cross-linked micelles (SCMs) by non-Brownian motion at an average speed of 19.09 μm s−1 upon reductive stimuli.
A vanadium–nickel oxynitride layer for enhanced electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation in neutral media
Authors: Chang Bin , Deng Lequan , Wang Shouzhi , Shi Dong , Ai Zizheng , Jiang Hehe , Shao Yongliang , Zhang Lei , Shen Jianxing , Wu Yongzhong , Hao Xiaopeng
Published: December 2019

A thin vanadium–nickel oxynitride (VNiON) layer is synthesized on the corresponding oxide nanosheet surfaces. Such a material exhibits enhanced neutral NRR activity with an ammonia yield of ∼6.78 μg h−1 cmcat.−2 and FE of ∼5.57%.
Towards high rate Li metal anodes: enhanced performance at high current density in a superconcentrated ionic liquid
Authors: Periyapperuma Kalani , Arca Elisabetta , Harvey Steve , Ban Chunmei , Burrell Anthony , MacFarlane Douglas R. , Pozo-Gonzalo Cristina , Forsyth Maria , Howlett Patrick C.
Published: December 2019

Application of high current density demonstrated enhanced cycling efficiency and the formation of a stable and LiF dominated SEI providing a new path to enable fast charge battery technologies.
Near-infrared light and magnetic field dual-responsive porous silicon-based nanocarriers to overcome multidrug resistance in breast cancer cells with enhanced efficiency
Authors: Li Jiachen , Zhang Weiwei , Gao Yan , Tong Haibei , Chen Zhenyu , Shi Jisen , Santos Hélder A. , Xia Bing
Published: December 2019

Magnetic and photothermal PSiNPs@(Fe3O4/Au) nanocomposites as anticancer drug carriers improved combined chemo-photothermal therapeutic efficacy of drug-resistant breast cancer cells.
Self-assembled structures of halloysite nanotubes: towards the development of high-performance biomedical materials
Authors: Zhao Xiujuan , Zhou Changren , Liu Mingxian
Published: December 2019

This article reviewed the self-assembly methods of HNTs and biomedical applications of HNT self-assembly patterns.
Boosted photovoltaic performance of indenothiophene-based molecular acceptorviafusing a thiophene
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Jiao Xuechen , Xu Shengjie , Wu Hao , McNeill Christopher R. , Fan Haijun , Zhu Xiaozhang
Published: December 2019

Two symmetry-distinguished molecule acceptors,FTBTandFTTBT, were designed with detailed correlation between molecule structure and device performance investigated.
Circularly polarized luminescence from semiconductor quantum rods templated by self-assembled cellulose nanocrystals
Authors: Shi Yue , Zhou Ziming , Miao Xiaofei , Liu Yan Jun , Fan Quli , Wang Kai , Luo Dan , Sun Xiao Wei
Published: December 2019

We demonstrate a significant right-handed circularly polarized luminescence of CdSe/CdS quantum rods by doping them into a self-assembled left-handed helical structure of cellulose nanocrystals.
Energy level engineering of PEDOT:PSS by antimonene quantum sheet doping for highly efficient OLEDs
Authors: Wang Zhiyuan , Gao Long , Wei Xiaozhen , Zhao Min , Miao Yanqin , Zhang Xuefeng , Zhang Haixia , Wang Hua , Hao Yuying , Xu Bingshe , Guo Junjie
Published: December 2019

AMQS doping can effectively enhance Ir(ppy)3-based OLED performance by adjusting the energy level of PEDOT:PSS.
Mechanism of protein cleavage at asparagine leading to protein–protein cross-links
Authors: Friedrich Michael G. , Wang Zhen , Schey Kevin L. , Truscott Roger J. W.
Published: December 2019

Long-lived proteins (LLPs) are present in numerous tissues within the human body. With age, they deteriorate, often leading to the formation of irreversible modifications such as peptide bond cleavage and covalent cross-linking. Currently understanding of the mechanism of formation of these cross-links is limited. As part of an ongoing study, proteomics was used to characterise sites of novel covalent cross-linking in the human lens. In this process, Lys residues were found cross-linked to C-terminal aspartates that had been present in the original protein as Asn residues. Cross-links were identified in major lens proteins such as αA-crystallin, αB-crystallin and aquaporin 0. Quantification of the level of an AQP0/AQP0 cross-linked peptide showed increased cross-linking with age and in cataract lenses. Using model peptides, a mechanism of cross-link formation was elucidated that involves spontaneous peptide bond cleavage on the C-terminal side of Asn residues resulting in the formation of a C-terminal succinimide. This succinimide does not form cross-links, but can hydrolyse to a mixture of C-terminal Asn and C-terminal Asp amide peptides. The C-terminal Asp amide is unstable at neutral pH and decomposes to a succinic anhydride. If the side chain of Lys attacks the anhydride, a covalent cross-link will be formed. This multi-step mechanism represents a link between two spontaneous events: peptide bond cleavage at Asn and covalent cross-linking. Since Asn deamidation and cleavage are abundant age-related modifications in LLPs, this finding suggests that such susceptible Asn residues should also be considered as potential sites for spontaneous covalent cross-linking.
Circular RNA circ-PVT1 contributes to paclitaxel resistance of gastric cancer cells through the regulation of ZEB1 expression by sponging miR-124-3p
Authors: Liu Yan-yan , Zhang Li-ying , Du Wen-zhen
Published: December 2019

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most commonly diagnosed malignancy. Paclitaxel (PTX) is an effective first-line chemotherapy drug in GC treatment, but the resistance of PTX attenuates the therapeutic effect. Circular RNA circ-PVT1 can exert the oncogenic effect in GC. But the function of circ-PVT1 involved in PTX resistance of GC is still unknown. In the present study, the expression levels of circ-PVT1, miR-124-3p and ZEB1 in PTX-resistant GC tissues and cells were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). PTX resistance in PTX-resistant cells was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The protein levels of Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and glutathione S-transferase (GST-π) were detected by Western blot assay. Cell apoptosis and invasion were measured in PTX-resistant cells by flow cytometry and transwell invasion assays, severally. The interaction between miR-124-3p and circ-PVT1 or ZEB1 was predicted by starBase software, and then verified by the dual-luciferase reporter assay. The role of circ-PVT1 in PTX resistance of GC in vivo was measured by xenograft tumor model. Our results showed that circ-PVT1 expression was up-regulated in PTX-resistant GC tissues and cells. Circ-PVT1 down-regulation enhanced PTX sensitivity in PTX-resistant GC cells by negatively regulating miR-124-3p. ZEB1 served as a direct target of miR-124-3p. Circ-PVT1 enhanced ZEB1 expression by sponging miR-124-3p. Circ-PVT1 knockdown increased PTX sensitivity of GC in vivo. Taken together, our studies disclosed that circ-PVT1 facilitated PTX resistance by up-regulating ZEB1 mediated via miR-124-3p, suggesting an underlying therapeutic strategy for GC.
Recursive parameter estimation and its convergence for bilinear systems
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Ding Feng
Published: December 2019

This study develops an adaptive filtering‐based recursive identification algorithm for joint estimation of states and parameters of bilinear state‐space systems with an autoregressive moving average noise. In order to handle the correlated noise and unmeasurable states in parameter estimation, an adaptive filter is established to whiten the coloured noise and a bilinear state observer is constructed to update the unavailable states recursively. Then a hierarchical generalised extended least squares (HGELS) algorithm and an adaptive filtering‐based HGELS algorithm are developed for simultaneously estimating the unknown states and parameters. The convergence analysis indicates that the parameter estimates can converge to their true values. A numerical example illustrates the convergence results.
High-precision calculation of the light curve and its interpretation
Authors: Abubekerov M. K. , Gostev N. Yu.
Published: December 2019

We present a highly precise calculation of the theoretical light curve and its derivatives for a binary star-planet system in an elliptical orbit. We also describe an analytical fitting by limb-darkening coefficients to reduce the number of parameters for nonlinear fitting. We demonstrate the practical importance of the precision computation of theoretical light curves through the example of the interpretation of the light curve of HD 209458 and the synthetic light curve. We also compare the results obtained using our algorithm to those provided by a lower-precision algorithm to demonstrate the benefits of computing with a higher precision. We discuss the capability of making more accurate conclusions concerning the agreement of the observed light curve with the adopted model.
Medicinal Signaling Cells Metabolite Oral Based as a Potential Biocompatible Biomaterial Accelerating Oral Ulcer Healing (In Vitro Study)
Authors: Nugraha Alexander Patera , Susilowati Helen , Hendrianto Eryk , Karsari Deya , Ertanti Nora , Dinaryanti Aristika , Ihsan Igo Syaiful , Narmada Ida Bagus , Ernawati Diah Savitri , Rantam Fedik Abdul ,   Purwati
Published: December 2019

Objective Medicinal signaling cells metabolite (MSCM) is often considered medical waste even though it contains abundant growth factors, and advantageous micro- and macromolecules that can accelerate healing in oral ulcer.

The purpose of this experimental laboratory study was to analyze the biocompatibility and potential of MSCM, (oral based) to accelerate healing in oral ulcer (in vitro).

Materials and Methods MSCM (oral based) was obtained by mixing 10 mL of MSCM and 2% of carboxymethyl cellulose sodium. 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (or MTT assay) was obtained using human gingival somatic cell culture to examine cell viability treated with MSCM (oral based). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed to know the functional structure and composition of MSCM (oral based). To know the elemental composition of MSCM (oral based), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis was performed. Scratch test was performed to know the ability of MSCM (oral based) to increase human somatic cell proliferation.

Results MSCM (oral based) has good cell viability. MSCM (oral based) administration accelerated the proliferation of human somatic cell culture after 12-hours in vitro. MSCM (oral based) has carboxylic acids and derivatives chemical bond. MSCM (oral based) mostly contained carbon and potassium but did not contain heavy metal substances.

Conclusions MSCM (oral based) has a biocompatible and potential ability to accelerate healing in oral ulcer in vitro. It would be useful in daily clinical practice in treating traumatic oral ulcer.
Histomorphometric and Histopathologic Evaluation of the Effects of Systemic Fluoride Intake on Orthodontic Tooth Movement
Authors: Zorlu Fatma Yalcin , Darici Hakan , Turkkahraman Hakan
Published: December 2019

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the effects of systemic fluoride intake on orthodontic tooth movement with histomorphometric and histopathologic methods.

Materials and Methods Forty-eight Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups of 12 rats each. Group I received fluoridated water and underwent orthodontic tooth movement. Group II received fluoridated water and did not undergo orthodontic tooth movement. Group III received nonfluoridated water and underwent orthodontic tooth movement. Group IV received nonfluoridated water and did not undergo orthodontic tooth movement. At the beginning of the experiment (T1), impressions were taken from the maxilla of the rats in groups I and III under general anesthesia, and a NiTi closed coil spring appliance was ligated between the left maxillary central incisors and maxillary first molar. The orthodontic force applied was approximately 75 g, and the duration of the experimental period was 18 days. During the experimental period, appliances were controlled daily. At the end of the experimental period (T2), the rats were sacrificed with an overdose of a ketamine/xylasine combination, and their impressions were obtained. The upper first molars were subsequently dissected for histological examination. Incisor–molar distance, number of osteoblasts, number of osteoclasts and periodontal ligament (PDL) space widths on the compression and tension sides were measured.

Statistical Analysis All measurements were statistically analyzed with SPSS for Windows version 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Repeated measures ANOVA and posthoc Tukey tests were used to compare the groups.

Results No statistically significant difference was found with respect to the amount of tooth movement between the fluoridated and nonfluoridated groups (p > 0.05). Orthodontic force application increased the number of osteoblasts at the tension sides and reduced it at the compression sides (p < 0.001). An increased number of osteoclasts was observed in the nonfluoridated group relative to the fluoridated group (p < 0.01).

Conclusions No difference was observed with respect to the amount of tooth movement between the fluoridated and nonfluoridated groups. Fluoride significantly reduced the number of osteoclasts in the experimental groups.
Assessment of Extrusion and Postoperative Pain of a Bioceramic and Resin-Based Root Canal Sealer
Authors: Fonseca Braúlio , Coelho Marcelo Santos , Bueno Carlos Eduardo da Silveira , Fontana Carlos Eduardo , Martin Alexandre Sigrist De , Rocha Daniel Guimarães Pedro
Published: December 2019

Objectives The objective of this study was to compare a bioceramic and a resin-based endodontic sealer with regard to extrusion and postoperative pain.

Materials and Methods Sixty-four patients requiring endodontic treatment of single-rooted maxillary teeth with necrotic pulps were included in this study. The root canal treatments were performed in a single visit using a size 40.06 single-file reciprocating system under 2.5% NaOCl irrigation. After irrigation with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 2.5% NaOCl, the canals were dried and randomly divided into two different groups (n = 32) depending on the sealer used: resin-based group (RG) in which the canals were filled with the AH Plus, and the bioceramic group (BG) in which the canals were filled with the Sealer Plus BC. Ibuprofen (600 mg) was prescribed every 6 hours if the volunteers experienced pain. The patients registered their pain sensation in a visual analog scale (VAS) card, ranging from 0 to 10 at 24-hour, 48-hour, 72-hour, and 1-week intervals. Statistical analysis  For statistical analysis, the level of significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results Sealer extrusion occurred in nine patients of the RG and in 19 patients of the BG (p < 0.05). The average pain level at 24-hour and 48-hour intervals was, respectively, 1.46 ± 1.96 and 0.44 ± 0.86 for RG, and 1.21 ± 2.09 and 0.09 ± 0.38 for BG. There was no report of pain after 48 hours. The mean number of tablets taken for pain relief was 0.03 ± 0.17 for RG and 0.06 ± 0.24 for BG. No statistically significant difference was found with regard to pain level and intake of pain killer tablets (p > 0.05).

Conclusions The BG sealer presented significantly more extrusion than the RG sealer. Sealer extrusion was not associated with pain. The average pain level and the mean number of tablets taken for pain relief were similar in both groups.
Maxillary Prosthetics, Speech Impairment, and Presidential Politics: How Grover Cleveland Was Able to Speak Normally after His “Secret” Operation
Authors: Murray Margaret , Pappas Theodore N. , Powers David B.
Published: December 2019

In the summer of 1893, President Grover Cleveland discovered a mass on the roof of his mouth. Two physicians examined it, determined that it was a neoplasm, and recommended resection. In an effort to avoid revealing the illness to the public, the President and his doctors boarded a yacht on July 1 1893, where the surgeons resected the affected portion of his maxilla and several teeth under an ether anesthetic. Afterward, Kasson C. Gibson, a New York dentist, created a rubber obturator, which was placed in the surgical defect in the maxilla and restored the President's facial contour and speech. Due to the precise reconstruction with the rubber appliance crafted by Gibson, the President lived the rest of his public life without facial or speech abnormality. This article will review the details of the work of Kasson Gibson and the President's maxillary prosthesis.
Co-designed strategic planning and agile project management in academia: case study of an action research group
Authors: Senabre Hidalgo Enric , Fuster Morell Mayo
Published: December 2019

Strategic planning, a standard activity for project management in different areas and types of organisations, can contribute to improving the dynamics of collaboration in academia, and specifically in research processes. This paper joins the still scarce studies on strategic planning within research groups, contributing to the field of both team science and organisational management from a social sciences perspective and “strategy-as-practice” paradigm. Through the case study of an action research group, after the experimental co-creation of its long-term strategy involving different participatory design methodologies, we quantitatively analyze how this process influenced communication and group relations, both internally and in relation to its participation in the ecosystem with other stakeholders. Thus, as a result of a detailed content analysis in the different communication channels and tools of the group, we address its impact on the team’s agile project management (APM), adopted in a novel way by its members. Data compared between periods, once the strategic plan was co-created, suggest that this type of approach to co-created strategic thinking can improve coordination, cohesion and joint vision among participants. In agreement with emerging academic literature in this field, pertaining to the need to understand strategic planning as a process of socialization and dialogue, other relevant results of the study point to the particular suitability of this type of planning in research environments interested not only in its academic, but also social and ecosystemic impact. The results obtained and discussed also provide elements of assessment when considering the applicability of this type of strategic co-creation process in other areas of knowledge and disciplines.
Emergent magnetic phase transitions in Fe-doped SrTiO3−δ
Authors: Pei Yujuan , Zhang Ruyi , Song Yang , Bi Jiachang , Xu Wei , Zhou Chen , Duan Junxi , Yang Jingkai , Cao Yanwei
Published: December 2019

In defect engineering, both cation doping and oxygen vacancies play key roles in deciding the properties of oxide, and the utilization of their cooperation has attracted much interest in recent years. Here, we report an emergent magnetic phase transition near 18 K in Fe-doped SrTiO3−δ by utilizing the magnetic interactions between the doped Fe cations and oxygen vacancies. The effects of Fe dopants and oxygen vacancies on the structural and magnetic properties were characterized by a high-resolution X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and superconducting quantum interference device. In particular, as the temperature rises across the magnetic phase transition, the coercivity of Fe-SrTiO3−δ decreases from ∼7700 Oe at 2 K to ∼104 Oe at 19 K. Our results of creating emergent magnetic phases with the coeffects of both cation dopants and oxygen vacancies could pave a way to inducing novel quantum states in epitaxial films on Fe-SrTiO3−δ single crystal substrates with the magnetic proximity effect.
Time of flight modulation of intensity by zero effort on Larmor
Authors: Geerits N. , Parnell S. R. , Thijs M. A. , van Well A. A. , Franz C. , Washington A. L. , Raspino D. , Dalgliesh R. M. , Plomp J.
Published: December 2019

A time-of-flight modulation of intensity by zero effort spectrometer mode has been developed for the Larmor instrument at the ISIS pulsed neutron source. The instrument utilizes resonant spin flippers that employ electromagnets with pole shoes, allowing the flippers to operate at frequencies up to 3 MHz. Tests were conducted at modulation frequencies of 103 kHz, 413 kHz, 826 kHz, and 1.03 MHz, resulting in a Fourier time range of ∼0.1 ns to 30 ns using a wavelength band of 4 Å–11 Å.
Global model of cold atmospheric He + air plasmas: A comparison of Maxwellian and non-Maxwellian EEDFs
Authors: Sun Bowen , Liu Dingxin , Yang Aijun , Rong Mingzhe , Wang Xiaohua
Published: December 2019

The electron energy distribution function (EEDF) of cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs) is often assumed to be Maxwellian, but it is actually non-Maxwellian, as calculated from the Boltzmann equation. To determine the impact of the Maxwellian assumption, two global models with Maxwellian and non-Maxwellian EEDFs are developed for the He + air CAPs, and the resulting discharge characteristics and reactive species are compared. With the increasing air concentration from 100 to 50 000 ppm in He + air feeding gas, the simulation results of both global models display similar trends, and the orders of the densities of both global models are similar for the reactive species and each air concentration scenario. However, the Maxwellian assumption leads to lower electron temperature, weaker electronegativity, less power dissipation to Ion Joule heating, higher densities, and lagging peak points for most types of reactive species compared to using the non-Maxwellian EEDF. These findings indicate that the Maxwellian assumption is capable of capturing the main physicochemical features of He + air CAPs, but it can lead to large calculation errors at the quantitative level.
Evaluation of the dielectric rod attenuation using the modified parallel strips that provide a relatively reasonable field environment
Authors: Gao Chong , Li En , Zhou Yang , Gao Yong
Published: December 2019

A thin film is often coated on the dielectric rods used in traveling wave tubes to provide microwave attenuation. The quality of the thin film will affect the performance of the traveling wave tube. To evaluate the quality of the thin-film by measuring the attenuation performance of the dielectric rod, modified parallel strips with a sample hole are designed to provide a relatively reasonable field working environment for the attenuation evaluation. After analyzing the field distribution of the parallel strips, a sample hole is designed on the side of parallel strips, which is tangent with the outer edge of the strip. An arcuate taper is introduced into the parallel strips to reduce the impedance mismatching. Finally, two unqualified and qualified dielectric rods are measured using the modified parallel strips at frequencies 12 GHz and 18 GHz. The measured results indicate that it is feasible to evaluate whether the thin-film coated on the dielectric rod is qualified or not.
Investigation of the electrostatic focusing of beams of electrosprayed nanodroplets for microfabrication applications
Authors: Vakil Asadollahei Elham , Gamero-Castaño Manuel
Published: December 2019

This article presents a focused electrospray beam source and discusses its potential for microfabrication. Its main elements are an electrospray emitter electrode (a point source of charged nanodroplets), an extractor electrode, a skimmer electrode, and an Einzel electrostatic lens. The focusing parameters of the source are calculated by integrating the equations of motion of the charged droplets in the axisymmetric electrostatic field generated by the electrodes. The results of the model are validated with a laboratory source replica by characterizing the sputtered region produced by the focused beam on a silicon target and comparing it with the image obtained with the model. In the experiments, the size of the focused beam at the image plane is at least 20 times smaller than that of the unfocused beam, despite the presence of aberrations that have a negative effect on the ability to concentrate the beam. In a well aligned source, the sputtered area is close to a disk, and spherical and chromatic aberrations are the most significant nonidealities making the size of the image larger than the ideal one. When the emitter is deliberately misaligned, spherical and chromatic aberrations continue increasing the size of the image, while astigmatism distorts its circular shape. All aberrations are reduced by increasing the strength of the focusing electrostatic field while maintaining the net acceleration potential of the beam. The focusing column increases the particle density of the beam and advances the development of electrosprayed nanodroplet beams as a tool for surface engineering.
Nitrogen and phosphorus availability affect wheat carbon allocation pathways: rhizodeposition and mycorrhizal symbiosis
Authors: Bicharanloo Bahareh , Shirvan Milad Bagheri , Keitel Claudia , Dijkstra Feike A.
Published: December 2019

Plants allocate their photosynthetic carbon (C) belowground through rhizodeposition, which can be incorporated into microbial biomass and organic matter, but can also be directly shared with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). In this study, we investigated how both rhizodeposition and AMF colonisation are affected by nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability in soil systems, and in turn, how these C allocation pathways influenced plant P uptake in four different wheat genotypes with variable root traits. Wheat genotypes (249, Suntop, Scout and IAW2013) were grown in pots and labelled continuously during their growth period with 13CO2 to determine rhizodeposition. We applied two levels of N (25 and 100 kg ha–1) and P (10 and 40 kg ha–1) fertiliser. Plant root traits, plant P content, soil available P and N, microbial biomass C and P, and AMF colonisation were examined. We constructed a structural equation model to show how C allocation to rhizodeposition and AMF colonisation depended on P and N availability, and how these pathways affected plant P uptake and grain yield. Wheat genotypes with fine roots (Suntop, Scout and IAW2013) were associated with AMF colonisation for plant P uptake, and the genotype with the largest root biomass (249) provided more C to rhizodeposition. Both rhizodeposition and AMF colonisation increased plant P and grain yield under low P and high N availability respectively, while root biomass and root traits, such as specific root length and proportion of fine roots, determined which C allocation pathway was employed by the plant.
Influence of the number of calves and lactating adult females in a herd on the adrenocortical activity of free-ranging Asian elephants
Authors: Pokharel Sanjeeta Sharma , Seshagiri Polani B. , Sukumar Raman
Published: December 2019

Abstract
ContextPhysiological stress has the potential to influence animal population persistence. The endangered Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) is involved in intense conflict with humans in many parts of its range, which likely leads to stress for individuals and groups, with consequences for population survival. Thus, it is important to understand how the elephants’ stress levels are influenced by socio-ecological factors when not directly exposed to human-induced threats, and to use this understanding to improve conservation and management strategies.
AimsThe present study was designed to provide baseline information on the link between socio-ecological factors and stress levels of undisturbed populations of elephants. The main aim was to determine the influence of a number of factors – herd size, season, number of calves and adult females present in a herd and their lactational status and body condition – on the adrenocortical activity of free-ranging adult female Asian elephants living in protected forests (without any direct exposure to human-induced threats), by measuring their faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGCM) levels.
MethodsA total of 145 fresh faecal samples were collected from 123 identified adult female elephants inhabiting Bandipur and Nagarahole National Parks of southern India, between the years 2013 and 2015. fGCM levels were measured by employing a group-specific standardised 11-oxoetiocholanolone enzyme immunoassay (EIA). A generalised linear mixed-effects model (GLMM) was used to assess the influence of socio-ecological factors on fGCM levels of adult female elephants.
Key resultsWhen fGCM levels were analysed with a GLMM, the following patterns were observed: fGCM levels were negatively correlated with the number of adult females (herd size) and positively correlated with the number of calves in a herd and active lactational status of an adult female. fGCM levels of adult female elephants were higher during the dry season (February to May) than wet season (August to December) and negatively correlated with body condition scores.
ConclusionsAdrenocortical activity of female elephants is significantly influenced by the number of calves and adult females present in the herd, seasonality and lactational status.
ImplicationsIt is important to consider the influence of multiple ecological and social correlates when assessing and interpreting the adrenocortical activity of Asian elephants. Our findings highlight the importance of maintaining the social structure of elephants in the wild to avoid detrimental effects on their physiological health. Insights from such assessments could be used to evaluate the stress in elephants that are involved in direct conflicts with humans to take appropriate management decisions for mitigating conflicts.
The scientific, financial and ethical implications of three common wildlife-trapping designs
Authors: Waudby Helen P. , Petit Sophie , Gill Matthew J.
Published: December 2019

Abstract
ContextTrapping design influences information collected about wildlife populations and biodiversity. Trapping is also resource-intensive and has animal welfare implications.
AimsThe scientific, financial and ethical performances of three trap designs were compared for estimating diversity and sampling small vertebrates.
MethodsSmall vertebrates were trapped over 16 trapping sessions, from April 2009 to May 2011, with aluminium box-style (Elliott) traps and two pitfall trap designs (shallow–wide and deep–narrow), in an arid environment.
Key resultsShallow pitfalls recorded highest overall species richness (S=22) and diversity (qD=10.622), reptile diversity (qD=8.112) and reptile capture rates (13.600 individuals per 100 trap nights). Shallow and deep pitfalls sampled ~79.0% and 85.0% (respectively) more small mammals than did Elliott traps. Deep pitfalls sampled the greatest diversity (qD=6.017) and number (29.700 individuals per 100 trap nights) of small mammals, and captured the greatest number of small mammal species (0.003) and individuals (0.106) per dollar. Shallow pitfalls were the most cost-efficient trap type for sampling reptile species (0.003) and individuals (0.044) per dollar. Between-session recapture rates were greatest in Elliott traps, indicating an increased likelihood of biased capture rates for certain small mammal species over time. Elliott traps were the least efficient traps on most scientific and cost measures, and recorded the greatest overall recapture rates, particularly for Sminthopsis crassicaudata and S. macroura. Body size of one species only, the nationally threatened Pseudomys australis, influenced its capture rate, with larger individuals more likely to be caught in deep pitfalls. Mortality was highest in pitfalls and mostly related to interactions between animals caught in the same trap.
Key conclusionsShallow pitfalls are suitable for studies focused on estimating species richness, and reptile diversity and abundance. Deep pitfalls are cost-effective for sampling small mammals. Ethical issues associated with pitfalls could be managed by checking traps more often at night, and/or including materials that provide increased protection from predators caught in the same trap, particularly during periods of high abundance.
ImplicationsTrap design profoundly influences cost-effectiveness and welfare outcomes of wildlife research. We provide a tool to assist cost-benefit related decisions.
Cross-talk between iNKT cells and CD8 T cells in the spleen requires the IL-4/CCL17 axis for the generation of short-lived effector cells
Authors: Valente M. , Dölen Y. , van Dinther E. , Vimeux L. , Fallet M. , Feuillet V. , Figdor C. G.
Published: December 2019

Mounting an effective immune response relies critically on the coordinated interactions between adaptive and innate compartments. How and where immune cells from these different compartments interact is still poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the cross-talk between invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT) and CD8
+
T cells in the spleen, essential for initiating productive immune responses, is biphasic and occurs at 2 distinct sites. Codelivery of antigen and adjuvant to antigen-presenting cells results in: 1) initial short-lived interactions (0 to 6 h), between CD8
+
T cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and iNKT cells recruited outside the white pulp; 2) followed by long-lasting contacts (12 to 24 h) between iNKT cells, DCs, and CD8
+
T cells occurring in a 3-way interaction profile within the white pulp. Both CXCR3 and CCR4 are essential to orchestrate this highly dynamic process and play nonredundant in T cell memory generation. While CXCR3 promotes memory T cells, CCR4 supports short-lived effector cell generation. We believe our work provides insights into the initiation of T cell responses in the spleen and their consequences for T cell differentiation.