bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Managed honeybee hives negatively affect the reproduction of native plants in a dryland nature reserve
Authors: Pascual Tudanca María Paula , Debandi Hugo , Vázquez Diego P.
Published: April 2024

The honeybee, Apis mellifera, stands out for its positive image due to its contribution to crop pollination and honey production, which facilitated its widespread distribution. However, large apiaries resulting in high honeybee densities could increase pollination frequency while increasing competition for floral resources, ultimately affecting native plant fitness.

We studied the impact of managed honeybee hives on pollination and reproductive success of native plants in Villavicencio Nature Reserve, Mendoza, Argentina. During the flowering peak, we studied pollination and reproduction of three native plant species (Larrea divaricata, L. cuneifolia and Zuccagnia punctata) near and far from the hives. We estimated pollen deposition on flower stigmas, pollen tubes developed in flower pistils, fruit set, seed set and seed viability.

We found that the honeybee hives had a positive effect on the reproduction of the self‐compatible species, L. divaricata. For the self‐incompatible species, results differed among species: Hives had positive effects on the pollination and negative effects on the reproduction of L. cuneifolia, while they had negative effects on the reproduction of Z. punctata.

Synthesis and applications. Beekeeping is increasingly turning to natural areas in search of better quality honey; however, increased honeybee abundance in the field could influence the reproduction of native plants. Our results show that the introduction of managed hives negatively affected the reproduction of self‐incompatible native plants. This result allows us to make several recommendations for conservation and management actions concerning beekeeping in natural areas, regarding the among‐year rotation of the location of hives, the number of hives per site, and the need to monitor the reproduction of self‐incompatible species.
Fiscal decentralisation and the attenuating effects of inter‐governmental transfers and economic development on corruption in China
Authors: Yu Minghui , Kwan Chang Yee
Published: April 2024

The consensus in the literature is that fiscal decentralisation is a means to reduce corruption. For China, the attenuating effects of fiscal decentralisation are often enhanced by other factors. This paper argues that prior findings serve to facilitate the design of anti‐corruption measures but they do not address why individuals may engage in corruption. This is especially as individual evidence suggests that engaging in corruption is against professional ethos in China. This paper suggests that intergovernmental transfers and the relative level of economic development of where a public servant is serving influence the decision of whether to engage in corruption. Specifically, intergovernmental transfers and a higher level of local economic development directly affect the resources that a local administration has. In turn, this affects the extent to which one may realise their motivations for a career in the public sector. Empirical estimates for 1998–2013 serve to support the hypothesis.

Points for practitioners

Fiscal decentralisation mitigates the prevalence of corruption in China in conjunction with other complimentary factors.

But engaging in corruption is inconsistent with motivations for a public sector career which include engaging in work for society's greater benefit.

Corruption may emerge because public servants feel that they may be unable to achieve their aims for joining the public sector because of local resource constraints.

Empirical findings suggest that increased resources to local administrations from intergovernmental transfers and economic development may discourage public servants from deviating from their stated career motivations, that is, engaging in corruption.
Effect of dietary fat on proximal composition, sensorial analysis and shelf life of a traditional Spanish cooked pork product “Lomo de Sajonia” from Iberian pork
Authors: Sarmiento‐García Ainhoa , Rubio Begoña , Martinez Beatriz , García Juan‐José , Vieira Ceferina
Published: April 2024

This study aims to evaluate the effect of different dietary fat sources on the quality of a Spanish‐cooked meat product Lomo de Sajonia (LSA) and its shelf‐life. Forty loins were selected from Iberian pigs fed four dietary treatments containing pork fat (G‐1), Greedy‐Grass Olive® (GGO) (enriched oleic‐acid oil) (G‐2), G‐2 and high oleic sunflower (G‐3), and G‐3 plus a mixture of commercial organic acids (Bioll®) (G‐4). Loins were manufactured to obtain LSA, and the quality and sensorial attributes were assessed. The shelf life was established according to microbial count and sensorial analysis, which was packed in a modified atmosphere and stored under retail conditions. All meat quality parameters of LSA remained stable in all groups, except fat content and overall liking, which showed the highest values for G‐2 LSA. Regarding the shelf life, sensorial attributes remained acceptable in all groups during storage time, while a delay in microbial growth was recorded for the LSA of G‐3. According to the results, including GGO in Iberian pig diets could enhance LSA traits, possibly linked to increased assimilation compared with conventional fat sources. However, adding organic acids to the diet did not have the expected effect on improving the shelf life of the LSA.
Imitation behavior in environmental, social, and governance disclosure: Textual analysis evidence from Chinese listed enterprises
Authors: Huang Qiyu , Zhang Yan , Li Xiang , Wang Fei
Published: April 2024

The era of sustainable transformation has witnessed an increase in corporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure waves. Using Chinese A‐share listed companies from 2016 to 2021 as a sample, this study adopted textual analysis and machine‐learning techniques to analyze ESG reports and explore the imitation behavior of ESG disclosures in emerging Chinese markets for the first time. The results show imitation behavior exists in corporate ESG disclosures from the perspective of group association. Regarding the imitation object, enterprises tend to choose the peer average level as a reference rather than the best enterprise in the same industry, which reveals the inherent law that enterprises' ESG disclosures are satisfied with compliance rather than championship. In terms of effects, the ESG‐mimetic isomorphic pressure has no incremental information effect but has an efficiency optimization effect. Furthermore, the imitation intensity and impact effects of ESG disclosure behavior exhibit heterogeneity owing to differences in properties, sales growth rates, and external attention. This study expands the motivation for corporate ESG disclosure behavior and enriches the empirical evidence for institutional isomorphism.
P2X7 receptor‐dependent increase in endocannabinoid 2‐arachidonoyl glycerol production by neuronal cells in culture: Dynamics and mechanism
Authors: Singh Simar , Sarroza Dennis , English Anthony , Whittington Dale , Dong Ao , Malamas Michael , Makriyannis Alexandros , van der Stelt Mario , Li Yulong , Zweifel Larry , Bruchas Michael R. , Land Benjamin B. , Stella Nephi
Published: April 2024

Background and Purpose

Neurotransmission and neuroinflammation are controlled by local increases in both extracellular ATP and the endocannabinoid 2‐arachidonoyl glycerol (2‐AG). While it is known that extracellular ATP stimulates 2‐AG production in cells in culture, the dynamics and molecular mechanisms that underlie this response remain poorly understood. Detection of real‐time changes in eCB levels with the genetically encoded sensor, GRABeCB2.0, can address this shortfall.

Experimental Approach

2‐AG and arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) levels in Neuro2a (N2a) cells were measured by LC‐MS, and GRABeCB2.0 fluorescence changes were detected using live‐cell confocal microscopy and a 96‐well fluorescence plate reader.

Key Results

2‐AG and AEA increased GRABeCB2.0 fluorescence in N2a cells with EC50 values of 81 and 58 nM, respectively; both responses were reduced by the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) antagonist SR141617 and absent in cells expressing the mutant‐GRABeCB2.0. ATP increased only 2‐AG levels in N2a cells, as measured by LC‐MS, and induced a transient increase in the GRABeCB2.0 signal within minutes primarily via activation of P2X7 receptors (P2X7R). This response was dependent on diacylglycerol lipase β activity, partially dependent on extracellular calcium and phospholipase C activity, but not controlled by the 2‐AG hydrolysing enzyme, α/β‐hydrolase domain containing 6 (ABHD6).

Conclusions and Implications

Considering that P2X7R activation increases 2‐AG levels within minutes, our results show how these molecular components are mechanistically linked. The specific molecular components in these signalling systems represent potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of neurological diseases, such as chronic pain, that involve dysregulated neurotransmission and neuroinflammation.
Increasing fire severity alters the species composition and decreases richness of seeds potentially dispersed by small mammals
Authors: Lourenço Águeda , Souza Clarice Vieira , Mendonça André Faria , Reis Guilherme Gonçalves , Linhares Pedro Felipe , Moura Renan Pereira , Vieira Emerson M.
Published: April 2024

Seed dispersal is a key process that influences the recruitment of plant species, yielding profound consequences on vegetation structure. This process can be affected by environmental disturbances, such as fires, leading to varied impacts on the agents involved, both dispersers and plants. We investigated the potential role of small mammals (rodents and marsupials) as seed dispersers in a Neotropical savanna (Brazilian Cerrado). We also evaluated the impact of fire severity on the seed dispersal services provided by these animals in gallery forests, 3 years after a major fire event. We live‐trapped small mammals in 14 sites, 7 of which were located in forests classified in three categories of fire severity (“unburned”, “low severity”, or “moderate severity”). We captured 13 mammal species, finding a total of 11,688 seeds in their feces (collected inside traps or handling bags). These seeds encompassed 28 plant species from at least 8 families. A multivariate analysis (NMDS) revealed differences among small mammal species in terms of potentially dispersed plants, with seeds of 18 plant species being consumed by no more than one small mammal species. An increase in fire severity affected the composition of plant species potentially dispersed, changed the relative role of forest small mammals as seed dispersers, and decreased observed richness of defecated seeds. We conclude that high‐severity wildfires affect highly relevant ecological processes, such as seed dispersal by animals. These effects could impact the recruitment dynamics of plant species and, consequently, the vegetation recovery and plant community composition in fire‐affected areas.

Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Sensing insecurity as skill: Urban violence and the politics of sensorial enskilment
Authors: Osbourne Alana , Frossard Carolina M.
Published: April 2024

This special issue departs from the premise that the sensible dimensions of urban (in)security shape lived and embodied experiences of the city in ways that reflect and affect social and spatial forms of control, belonging, and inequality. As visceral as they may seem, we also contend that these sensorial registers of (in)security are far from given: they are learned and taught, whether consciously, or otherwise. Drawing on ideas of enskilment and apprenticeship, the articles that make up this thematic collection engage the sensorial attunement of urban dwellers to how risk and safety look and feel in a diverse set of cities. Rather than an end, this approach is a means to deepen our understanding of how processual, everyday geographies of inequality are reproduced in practices and imaginaries of urban security.
Zoogeochemistry of a protected area: Driven by anthropogenic impacts and animal behavior
Authors: Trepel Jonas , Abraham Andrew J. , Lundgren Erick J. , Ferraro Kristy M. , Fløjgaard Camilla , Haugaard Lars , Sunde Peter , Pedersen Rasmus Ø. , Tietje Melanie , Kamp Johannes , le Roux Elizabeth
Published: April 2024

Anthropogenic eutrophication of ecosystems is an important driver of biodiversity loss. Even protected areas (PAs) may be impacted by anthropogenic nutrients, for example, from atmospheric deposition or the provision of supplementary feeding. However, the resultant nutrient patterns, and the role of local wildlife in shaping them, remain poorly understood. We investigated anthropogenic influences on the role that red deer (Cervus elaphus) play in the nutrient balance of a PA in Denmark. We used habitat selection modeling and theoretical scenarios where we varied the proportion of energy the deer obtained from supplementary versus natural forage and compared it with the nutrients removed due to hunting. We show that the movement and distribution of the red deer population within the PA are very heterogeneous and likely influenced by the need for shelter. Moreover, depending on their reliance on supplementary feeding, deer can potentially import large amounts of nutrients to the PA, and concentrate them in localized hotspots. However, we also explore the potential for nutrient loss due to hunting activities. Such indirect anthropogenic impacts on nutrient landscapes may counteract restoration and conservation efforts. We therefore recommend incorporating anthropogenic influences on zoogeochemistry and the animal‐mediated connectivity between PAs and anthropogenically dominated landscapes into future management plans.
Association of physical activity with fractures in kidney transplant recipients: A Korean nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kim Sungmi , Jung Jin‐Hyung , Lee Kyungho , Jeon Junseok , Shin Dong Wook , Jang Hye Ryoun , Lee Jung Eun , Han Kyungdo , Huh Wooseong
Published: April 2024

Kidney transplant recipients are at high risk for fractures, primarily due to post‐transplant bone disease. This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service, including 10 083 kidney transplant recipients examined from 2009 to 2017. We assessed fracture incidence, emphasizing vertebral and hip fractures, and the association of physical activity and traditional risk factors with fracture risk. Kidney transplant recipients were categorized into three groups according to physical activity levels: non‐activity, metabolic equivalent of task (MET) 1–499, and MET ≥500. Physical activity was associated with a decreased risk of all types of fractures: any (MET 1–499: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) .75; 95% confidence interval (CI) .62–.92, MET ≥500: aHR .84; 95% CI .70–1.00), vertebral (MET 1–499: aHR .69; 95% CI .49–.98, MET ≥500: aHR .67; 95% CI .49–.91), and hip (MET 1–499: aHR .43; 95% CI .23–.81) fractures. Additionally, older age, female sex, and diabetes were associated with an increased fracture risk. The assessment of physical activity and traditional risk factors could improve fracture risk prediction. Our findings emphasize the need for further research to establish optimal physical activity recommendations for fracture prevention in kidney transplant recipients.
Effects of CD34+ cell dose on engraftment and long‐term outcomes after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Oyama Takashi , Fujiwara Shin‐ichiro , Tominaga Ryutaro , Yokoyama Daizo , Noguchi Atsuto , Furuki Shuka , Koyama Shunsuke , Murahashi Rui , Nakashima Hirotomo , Hyodo Kazuki , Ikeda Takashi , Kawaguchi Shin‐ichiro , Toda Yumiko , Nagayama Takashi , Umino Kento , Minakata Daisuke , Morita Kaoru , Ashizawa Masahiro , Yamamoto Chihiro , Hatano Kaoru , Sato Kazuya , Otsuki Ikuko , Ohmine Ken , Kanda Yoshinobu
Published: April 2024

Background

The number of CD34+ cells in the graft is generally associated with time to engraftment and survival in transplantation using cord blood or allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells. However, the significance of abundant CD34+ in bone marrow transplantation (BMT) remained unclear.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 207 consecutive adult patients who underwent their first BMT at Jichi Medical University between January 2009 and June 2021.

Results

The median nucleated cell count (NCC) and CD34+ cell dose were 2.17 × 108/kg (range .56‐8.52) and 1.75 × 106/kg (.21–5.84), respectively. Compared with 104 patients in the low CD34+ group (below the median), 103 patients in the high CD34+ group (above the median) showed faster engraftment at day +28 in terms of neutrophil (84.6% vs. 94.2%; p =  .001), reticulocyte (51.5% vs. 79.6%; p < .001), and platelet (39.4% vs. 72.8%; p < .001). There were no significant differences in overall survival, relapse, nonrelapse mortality, acute or chronic graft‐versus‐host disease, or infectious complications between the two groups in univariate and multivariate analyses. Low or high NCC had no significant effect on overall survival, nonrelapse mortality, cumulative incidence of relapse and graft‐versus‐host disease, either. While a positive correlation was observed between NCC and the CD34+ cell dose, a high CD34+ cell dose was associated with rapid hematopoietic recovery, even in patients with NCC below the median.

Conclusion

Measurement of CD34+ cell dose in addition to NCC was useful for predicting hematopoietic recovery, but seemed to have little influence on the long‐term outcome in BMT.
Non‐invasive assessment of left ventricular filling pressure in aortic stenosis
Authors: Aoyagi Hiroyuki , Iwano Hiroyuki , Tamaki Yoji , Murayama Michito , Ishizaka Suguru , Motoi Ko , Nakamura Kosuke , Goto Mana , Suzuki Yukino , Yokoyama Shinobu , Nishino Hisao , Kaga Sanae , Kamiya Kiwamu , Nagai Toshiyuki , Anzai Toshihisa
Published: April 2024

Background

The assessment of left ventricular (LV) filling pressure (FP) is important for the management of aortic stenosis (AS) patients. Although, it is often restricted for predict LV FP in AS because of mitral annular calcification and a certain left ventricular hypertrophy. Thus, we tested the predictive ability of the algorithm for elevated LV FP in AS patients and also applied a recently‐proposed echocardiographic scoring system of LV FP, visually assessed time difference between the mitral valve and tricuspid valve opening (VMT) score.

Methods

We enrolled consecutive 116 patients with at least moderate AS in sinus rhythm who underwent right heart catheterization and echocardiography within 7 days. Mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) was measured as invasive parameter of LV FP. LV diastolic dysfunction (DD) was graded according to the ASE/EACVI guidelines. The VMT score was defined as follows: time sequence of opening of mitral and tricuspid valves was scored to 0–2 (0: tricuspid valve first, 1: simultaneous, 2: mitral valve first). When the inferior vena cava was dilated, one point was added and VMT score was finally calculated as 0–3.

Results

Of the 116 patients, 29 patients showed elevated PAWP. Ninety patients (93%) and 67 patients (63%) showed increased values for left atrium volume index (LAVI) and E/e′, respectively when the cut‐off values recommended by the guidelines were applied and thus the algorism predicted elevated PAWP with a low specificity and positive predictive value (PPV). VMT ≥ 2 predicted elevated PAWP with a sensitivity of 59%, specificity of 90%, PPV of 59%, and negative predictive value of 89%. An alternative algorithm that applied tricuspid regurgitation velocity and VMT scores was tested, and its predictive ability was markedly improved.

Conclusion

VMT score was applicable for AS patients. Alternative use of VMT score improved diagnostic accuracy of guideline‐recommended algorism.
Concordance of judgement: A tool to foster the development of professionalism in dentistry
Authors: Vaillant‐Corroy Anne‐Sophie , Girard Félix , Virard François , Corne Pascale , Gerber Denizart Caroline , Wulfman Claudine , Vital Sibylle , Gosset Marjolaine , Naveau Adrien , Delbos Yves , Vergnes Jean‐Noël , Thivichon‐Prince Béatrice , Antoine Juliette , Mainville Gisele , Nader Moussa , Richert Raphael , Charlin Bernard , Ducret Maxime
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Developing professionalism notably involves learning how to make professional judgements in ambiguous situations. The Concordance of Judgement Test (CJT) is a learning tool that was proposed to develop professionalism competencies, but it was never performed in dentistry or used with a synchronous methodology. The present study evaluated the feasibility of the use of CJT in the context of dental education, to foster professionalism and stimulate reflexivity and discussion.

Materials and Methods

After different steps of optimization, a questionnaire presenting 12 vignettes was submitted to 33 Canadian students. Second, after an additional optimization, a questionnaire of 7 vignettes was submitted to 87 French students. An immediate educational feedback was proposed after each vignette to promote reflexivity and discussions during the experience.

Results

The overall experience of the students was reported as good, thanks to the feedback of real‐life situations. This promoted reflexivity and stimulated discussion between students and educators regarding professionalism issues. The students considered CJT as a relevant and well‐adapted tool, and reported positive feelings regarding the inter‐university aspect of the activity. The mean score of the panel members was close to 80/100 and the mean score of the students was 5 to 10 points lower, which is in agreement with docimological performance.

Conclusion

The results suggested that the use of CJT in a synchronous way was a feasible and relevant tool to motivate the students to improve their professionalism, and to stimulate their reflexivity and discussion. The students reported positive experience with CJT, and we believe that this tool can be integrated in the dental curriculum.
Explaining variation in stream fish productivity with biotic and abiotic variables across wadeable rivers in eastern North America
Authors: Richter Ian A. , Jackson Donald A. , Jones Nicholas E.
Published: April 2024

Biomass production is a key ecosystem process that provides insight into ecological processes such as growth, reproduction, mortality, and energy distribution. Previous studies have considered various fish response measures such as species richness, abundance, and/or biomass as response variables for river ecosystems or the productivity of particular species. However, few studies have investigated how total fish productivity of riverine systems is affected by environmental variables. Here, we identified important abiotic and biotic predictors of fish productivity in wadeable, temperate riverine systems.

We investigated the relationships between total stream fish productivity and multiple abiotic and biotic variables in wadeable stream reaches across Ontario, Canada. Variance partitioning was used to evaluate the relative importance of the biotic, landscape, climatic, and geologic variables on total stream fish productivity. A modified bootstrap approach was used for the model‐selection process and to parameterise an empirical fish productivity model.

We found that biotic predictors explained more variation in productivity relative to the abiotic variables. The best empirical model included day‐of‐year, growing degree days, latitude, salmonid presence/absence, species richness, and upstream catchment area.

Our findings indicate that a combination of both biotic and abiotic variables can provide valuable insight into how ecological processes, such as fish productivity, differ across ecosystems. Species richness and differences in assemblage characteristics may be key determinants of the overall fish productivity in stream systems. Our model can estimate productivity from salmonid presence/absence data and total species richness, instead of fish abundance data, which require larger sampling efforts.
Ectomycorrhizal fungi are influenced by ecoregion boundaries across Europe
Authors: Delhaye Guillaume , van der Linde Sietse , Bauman David , Orme C. David L. , Suz Laura M. , Bidartondo Martin I.
Published: April 2024

Aim

Ecoregions and the distance decay in community similarity are fundamental concepts in biogeography and conservation biology that are well supported across plants and animals, but not fungi. Here we test the relevance of these concepts for ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi in temperate and boreal regions.

Location

Europe.

Time Period

2008–2015.

Major Taxa Studied

Ectomycorrhizal fungi.

Methods

We used a large dataset of ~24,000 ectomycorrhizas, assigned to 1350 operational taxonomic units, collected from 129 forest plots via a standardized protocol. We investigated the relevance of ecoregion delimitations for ECM fungi through complementary methodological approaches based on distance decay models, multivariate analyses and indicator species analyses. We then evaluated the effects of host tree and climate on the observed biogeographical distributions.

Results

Ecoregions predict large‐scale ECM fungal biodiversity patterns. This is partly explained by climate differences between ecoregions but independent from host tree distribution. Basidiomycetes in the orders Russulales and Atheliales and producing epigeous fruiting bodies, with potentially short‐distance dispersal, show the best agreement with ecoregion boundaries. Host tree distribution and fungal abundance (as opposed to presence/absence only) are important to uncover biogeographical patterns in mycorrhizas.

Main Conclusions

Ecoregions are useful units to investigate eco‐evolutionary processes in mycorrhizal fungal communities and for conservation decision‐making that includes fungi.
The flexibility paradox and spatial‐temporal dimensions of COVID‐19 remote work adaptation among dual‐earner mothers and fathers
Authors: Parry Ashley
Published: April 2024

There is an increased blurring of work and home life in contemporary society due to access to technology and the mass expansion of remote work during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Flexible working arrangements like remote work can lead to men self‐exploiting themselves in the workplace and women self‐exploiting themselves in the domestic sphere in the context of a work‐centric society that is reliant upon passion at work and traditional gender norms. This study extends Chung's ideas on gendered patterns in the flexibility paradox by examining spatial‐temporal dimensions of COVID‐19 remote work adaptation among an extreme sample: dual‐earner parents with young children. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted on Zoom with 20 mothers and 17 fathers working from home in the U.S. with children ages 5 and under between the summer of 2020 and the spring of 2021. Findings indicate that fathers' work is prioritized in spatio‐temporal terms whereas mothers' work is fragmented and dispersed. Gendered patterns in the flexibility paradox and labor shouldered by mothers as primary caregivers are considered as potential theoretical explanations for the privileging of fathers' workspace and work time.
Refractoriness to anti‐Helicobacter pylori treatment attributed to phenotypic resistance patterns in patients with gastroduodenopathy in Guayaquil‐Ecuador
Authors: Lara Icaza Javier David , Tapia Rosalina Lara , Triana Cástula Tania Castro , Ramírez Laura Catalina Romero
Published: April 2024

Background

Treatment of Helicobacter pylori gastric infection is complex and associated with increased rates of therapeutic failure. This research aimed to characterize the H. pylori infection status, strain resistance to antimicrobial agents, and the predominant lesion pattern in the gastroduodenal mucosa of patients with clinical suspicion of refractoriness to first‐ and second‐line treatment who were diagnosed and treated in a health center in Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Methods

A total of 374 patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms and H. pylori infection were preselected and prescribed one of three triple therapy regimens for primary infection, as judged by the treating physician. Subsequently, 121 patients who returned to the follow‐up visit with persistent symptoms after treatment were studied.

Results

All patients had H. pylori infection. Histopathological examination diagnosed chronic active gastritis in 91.7% of cases; premalignant lesions were observed in 15.8%. The three triple therapy schemes applied showed suboptimal efficacy (between 47.6% and 77.2%), with the best performance corresponding to the scheme consisting of a proton pump inhibitor + amoxicillin + levofloxacin. Bacterial strains showed very high phenotypic resistance to all five antimicrobials tested: clarithromycin, 82.9%; metronidazole, 69.7%; amoxicillin and levofloxacin, almost 50%; tetracycline, 38.2%. Concurrent resistance to clarithromycin–amoxicillin was 43.4%, to tetracycline–metronidazole 30.3%, to amoxicillin–levofloxacin 27.6%, and to clarithromycin–metronidazole 59.2%.

Conclusions

In vitro testing revealed resistance to all five antibiotics, indicating that H. pylori exhibited resistance phenotypes to these antibiotics. Consequently, the effectiveness of triple treatments may be compromised, and further studies are needed to assess refractoriness in quadruple and concomitant therapies.
Zircon U–Pb ages of granitic and mafic dikes associated with granitoids and metamorphic rocks of the Ryoke Belt in the eastern Kii Peninsula, southwest Japan
Authors: Zushida Kazunori , Takeuchi Makoto , Nakajima Takashi , Taniguchi Sae , Li Yuxiao , Asahara Yoshihiro , Yamamoto Koshi
Published: April 2024

Zircon U–Pb dates for felsic and intermediate to mafic dikes intruding into the Ryoke granitoids and metamorphic rocks at selected outcrops in the Takamiyama area of the eastern Kii Peninsula, southwest Japan, were determined along with their geology and petrography to reveal the history of Cretaceous magmatism. At each outcrop, the felsic and intermediate to mafic dikes exhibit specific structures that are indicative of magma intermingling and have coeval intrusion ages of ca. 81–77 Ma. Our zircon U–Pb data complement previously published data, suggesting that the mafic magmatism continued intermittently from 83 to 76 Ma in the Takamiyama area and that magmatism migrated eastward within the Ryoke Belt. A comparison of intrusion ages between a dike and a host Ryoke granitoid at one outcrop indicates that the host rock experienced ductile deformation at ~88 to ~83 Ma. Judging from the small number of zircons and the concordant date distributions, we didn't recognize the evidence suggesting the partial melting of the host rocks, as Nakajima et al. (Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, 2021, 127, 69–78) reported.
Evaluating the effectiveness of echocardiographic guidance in diminishing postoperative wound complications for left atrial appendage closure: A clinical retrospective study
Authors: Li Chong‐shou , Li Xiao‐fang , Huang Xiao‐yan , Chen Fang‐fang
Published: April 2024

Echocardiographic guidance in left atrial appendage (LAA) closure procedures is increasingly recognized for its potential to enhance patient outcomes in atrial fibrillation (AF). This retrospective study assesses its impact on hospital stay duration, readmission rates and surgical site wound complications in 200 AF patients. Divided equally into an echocardiographically guided group (Group E) and a non‐guided group (Group N), the analysis focused on detailed patient data encompassing hospital stay, 30‐day readmission and wound complications. Findings revealed that Group E experienced a significantly shorter average hospital stay of 3.5 days, compared with 6.5 days in Group N, along with a lower 30‐day readmission rate (5% vs. 18% in Group N). Furthermore, Group E showed a considerable reduction in surgical site wound complications, such as infections and hematomas. The study concludes that echocardiographic guidance in LAA closure procedures markedly improves postoperative wound outcomes, underscoring its potential as a standard practice in cardiac surgeries for AF patients. This approach not only optimizes patient safety and postoperative recovery but also enhances healthcare resource utilization.
Prediction of extruded aquafeed physical quality parameters through a dough viscosity model
Authors: Cheng Hongyuan , Samuelsen Tor A. , Sørensen Mette , Xue Min , Li Junguo
Published: April 2024

A widely used dough viscosity model in food extrusion was adopted and employed for the analysis and prediction of extruded aquafeed physical quality parameters. The data for the analysis were collected from previously published articles. The analysis was based on the assumption that pellet physical quality parameters, such as bulk density, oil adsorption, hardness, and durability, are correlated to the dough viscosity property changes in the extrusion process. The physical qualities of feed were modeled using the modified viscosity model. The model was evaluated using the data collected from experiments conducted in three different pilot extrusion systems. The results showed that the new model has the capability to predict the physical quality parameters of extruded aquafeed pellets in the three studied scenarios. The absolute average deviations of the model regression for the pellet qualities were 8.5% for hardness, 4.8% for bulk density, 6.5% for oil adsorption, 15.7% for Holmen durability, and 0.7% for pellet diameter. The new model can correlate the physical qualities of aquafeed pellets across different recipes, extruder configurations, and systems.

Practical Applications

Food or aquatic feed extrusion process operation heavily depends on the operator's experiences and is still a black‐box process. In this study, a dough viscosity model was applied to explain the relationship between extrusion variables and extruded pellet physical qualities. The new model can be used for a quantitative description of a feed formulation extrusion process and feed pellet quality optimization.
Allanite U–Pb dating places new constraints on the high‐pressure to high‐temperature evolution of the deep Himalayan crust
Authors: Wood Eleni , Warren Clare J. , Kunz Barbara E. , Argles Tom W. , Bidgood Anna , Halton Alison , Hammond Samantha J. , Millar Ian L. , Roberts Nick M. W.
Published: April 2024

During continental collision, crustal rocks are buried, deformed, transformed and exhumed. The rates, timescales and tectonic implications of these processes are constrained through the sequence and conditions of metamorphic reactions in major and accessory phases. Petrographic, isotopic and elemental data from metabasite samples in NW Bhutan, eastern Himalaya, suggest initial equilibration under high‐pressure (plagioclase‐absent and rutile‐present) conditions, followed by decompression to lower pressure conditions at high‐temperatures that stabilized plagioclase, orthopyroxene and ilmenite. Field observations and chemical indicators suggest equilibration under the lower pressure conditions is likely linked to the infiltration of melt from the host metasedimentary rocks. The metabasites preserve two metamorphic growth stages of chemically‐and petrographically distinct allanite that temporally overlap two stages of zircon growth. Allanite cores and zircon mantles grew at c. 19 ± 2 and 17–15.5 Ma respectively, linked texturally and chemically to the high‐pressure evolution. Symplectitic rims on embayed allanite cores, wholly symplectized Aln–Ilm and Aln–Cpx grains, and high U zircon rims grew at c. 15.5–14.5 Ma, linked chemically to the presence of melt and lower pressure, high‐temperature conditions. A single garnet Lu–Hf date is interpreted as geologically meaningless, with the bulk rock composition modified by melt infiltration after garnet formation. The open system evolution of these rocks precludes precise determination of the reactive bulk composition during metamorphic evolution and thus absolute conditions, especially during the early high‐pressure evolution. Despite these limitations, we show that combined geochemical and petrographic datasets are still able to provide insights into the rates and timescales of deep orogenic processes. The data suggest a younger and shallower evolution for the NW Bhutan metabasites compared to similar rocks in the central and eastern Himalayas.
Does the pancreas of gekkotans differentiate similarly? Developmental structural and 3D studies of the mourning gecko (Lepidodactylus lugubris) and the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius)
Authors: Kowalska Magdalena , Kaczmarek Paweł , Rupik Weronika
Published: April 2024

This study investigated the pancreas differentiation of two species of gekkotan families—the mourning gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris (Gekkonidae) and the leopard gecko Eublepharis macularius (Eublepharidae)—based on two‐dimensional (2D) histological samples and three‐dimensional (3D) reconstructions of the position of the pancreatic buds and the surrounding organs. The results showed that at the moment of egg laying, the pancreas of L. lugubris is composed of three distinct primordia: one dorsal and two ventral. The dorsal primordium differentiates earlier than either ventral primordium. The right ventral primordium is more prominent and distinctive, starting to form earlier than the left one. Moreover, at this time, the pancreas of the leopard gecko is composed of the dorsal and right ventral primordium and the duct of the left ventral primordium. It means that the leopard gecko's left primordium is a transitional structure. These results indicate that the early development of the gekkotan pancreas is species specific. The pancreatic buds of the leopard and mourning gecko initially enter the duodenum by separate outlets, similar to the pancreas of other vertebrates. The pancreatic buds (3 of the mourning gecko and 2 of the leopard gecko) fuse quickly and form an embryonic pancreas. After that, the structure of this organ changes. After fusion, the pancreas of both gekkotans comprises four parts: the head of the pancreas (central region) and three lobes: upper, splenic, and lower. This organ develops gradually and is very well distinguished at hatching time. In both gekkotan species, cystic, hepatic, and pancreatic ducts enter the duodenum within the papilla. During gekkotan pancreas differentiation, the connection between the common bile duct and the dorsal pancreatic duct is associated with intestinal rotation, similar to other vertebrates.
Effect of using scan body accessories and inter‐implant distances on the accuracy of complete arch implant digital impressions: An in vitro study
Authors: Ashry Amal , Abdelhamid Ahmed M. , Ezzelarab Salah , Khamis Mohamed Moataz
Published: April 2024

Purpose: To introduce a novel design for scan body accessory parts that are reusable, easy to attach and detach without permanent change of the scan body, and can be used with different inter‐implant distances to enhance the accuracy of complete arch implant scans.

Materials and Methods: A maxillary polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) model with a soft tissue replica was fabricated with four implant analogs located at tooth positions 17, 13, 22, and 27 with 18, 25, and 30 mm inter‐implant distances. Four scan bodies (SBs) were attached to the implants. The model was scanned with a laboratory scanner to be used as a reference scan. A total of 40 scans were made with the same intraoral scanner and they were divided equally into two groups. Group A: Complete arch implant scans without scan body accessories (n = 20), and Group B: Complete arch implant scans with scan body accessories (n = 20). Intraoral scans were exported and superimposed on the reference scan using reverse engineering inspection software to be evaluated for 3D deviations, angular deviations, and linear deviations. Statistical analysis was performed with student t‐test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures followed by post hoc adjusted Bonferroni test. The level of significance was set at P = 0.05.

Results: The scan body accessories decreased both the 3D and linear deviations, with a statistically significant difference at SB4 for the 3D deviation (P = 0.043) and the linear inter‐implant discrepancies between SB1–SB2 and SB3–SB4 (P = 0.029 and < 0.001), respectively. However, there was no statistically significant difference in angular deviation between the study groups. Implant positions had significant differences within each group.

Conclusions:  A significant improvement in the accuracy of the complete arch implant digital impression was achieved by using the scan body accessories, particularly in reducing the 3D and linear deviations at the most distant implant positions.
Understanding mechanisms behind the oily mouthcoating perception of pure vegetable oils using tribology
Authors: Tecuanhuey Maria , Girardi Alicia , Corrà Lucia , Busom Descarrega Josep , Sagalowicz Laurent , Devezeaux de Lavergne Marine
Published: April 2024

Tribology is the science of measuring friction between surfaces. While it has been widely used to investigate texture sensations of food applications, it is seldom applied in pure edible oil systems. In this research, we measured friction, viscosity, and solid fat content (SFC) of nine vegetable oils at 30 and 60°C. Polarized static microscopy was used to assess crystal formation between 60 and 30°C. Descriptive sensory analysis and quantification of oral oil coatings were performed on the oils at 60°C. Expressing the friction factor of oil over the Hersey number (calculated using high sheer‐viscosity values) showed no differences in friction between 30 and 60°C, except for shea stearin. Static microscopy revealed crystallization occurred at 30°C for shea stearin, whereas no or few crystals were present for other oils. At 30°C, friction at 1 × 10−2 m/s showed an inverse correlation with SFC (R = −0.95) and with high shear rate viscosity (R = −0.84), as well as an inverse correlation (R = −0.73) with “oily mouthcoating” perception. These results suggest that friction could be a predictor of fat‐related perceptions of simple oil systems. Additionally, we hypothesize that the presence of crystals in oils could lower friction via a ball‐bearing lubrication mechanism.
The effect of feeding on serum concentrations of cobalamin, folate, trypsin‐like immunoreactivity, and pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity in dogs with signs of chronic gastrointestinal disease
Authors: Melco Ashley , Pritchard Jessica C. , Hetzel Scott J. , Saver Alexander , Cavasin Joao Pedro , Steiner Jörg M.
Published: April 2024

Background

It is unknown if serum concentrations of cobalamin, folate, canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI), and canine trypsin‐like immunoreactivity (cTLI) obtained postprandially are equivalent to measurements obtained after withholding food in dogs with suspected gastrointestinal disease.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Measurements of serum concentrations of cobalamin, folate, cPLI, and cTLI postprandially will be equivalent to measurements after 12 hours of withholding food in dogs with signs of chronic gastrointestinal disease. Changes observed will not alter clinical interpretation.

Animals

51 client‐owned dogs with signs of gastrointestinal disease.

Methods

Prospective single arm clinical trial. Serum concentrations of cobalamin, folate, cPLI and cTLI 2, 4, and 8 hours postprandially were compared by equivalence testing to values after withholding food for 12 hours (baseline).

Results

Mean serum cobalamin concentrations 2 hours (498.1 ± 213.1 ng/L; P = 0.024) and 4 hours (501.9 ± 207.4 ng/L; P = 0.008) postprandial were equivalent to baseline (517.3 ± 211.5 ng/L). Mean serum cTLI 2 hours (31.3 ± 14 μg/L; P < 0.001) and 4 hours (29.6 ± 13.1 μg/L; P = 0.027) postprandial were equivalent to baseline (31.1 ± 15 μg/L). Mean serum folate concentration 2 hours postprandial (15 ± 7.7 μg/L) was equivalent to baseline (13.7 ± 8.3 μg/L; P < 0.001). Equivalence could not be assessed for cPLI due to results below the lower limit of quantification. Feeding altered the clinical interpretation in 27% (cobalamin), 35% (folate), 20% (cTLI), and 12% (cPLI) of dogs.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

The clinical interpretation for a substantial number of samples changed after feeding, therefore withholding food before sample collection is prudent.
When I say … Socratic questioning
Authors: Ng Isaac K. S. , Tham Sarah Z. L. , Loh Charisse W. N. , Teo Desmond B.
Published: April 2024

In this article, Ng et al. define the core concepts of Socratic questioning and how it can be appropriately applied in clinical education.
Ontogenetic changes in shape and growth rate during postnatal development in false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) vertebral column
Authors: Duflot Mélissa L. , Gillet Amandine , Jones Katrina E. , Sabin Richard , Lanzetti Agnese
Published: April 2024

Intraspecific variation in cetacean vertebral anatomy as a result of ageing, growth, and sexual dimorphism is poorly understood. Using 3D geometric morphometrics, we investigated allometric patterns, sexual dimorphism, and ontogenetic trajectories in the vertebral column of false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens). Our data set includes thoracic, lumbar, and caudal vertebrae of 30 specimens, including neonates, juveniles, and adults of both sexes. Vertebral shape was significantly correlated with size within each region. Neonatal vertebral shape differed significantly from juveniles and adults, displaying ontogenetic shape change. Allometric and growth patterns of the vertebral regions, particularly of the lumbar region with the thoracic and caudal regions, differed significantly, which may influence the function and mobility patterns of the vertebral regions during different life stages. Using quantitative methods, we could not conclude that the Pseudorca vertebrae are sexually dimorphic. This study describes for the first time intraspecific vertebral patterns in a cetacean species across ontogenetic stages. Pseudorca individuals live in large pods and swim together, sharing the same swimming mode. The neonates have a more flexible column and swim less efficiently following their mothers to nurse.
Mobile aortic mural thrombus: A rare but important cause of embolic stroke
Authors: Usui Miyu , Hirano Shuya , Okada Shunichi , Kameda Tomoaki , Kawakami Tadataka , Sugaya Akira , Aizawa Kei , Kawahito Koji , Fujimoto Shigeru , Tanaka Ryota
Published: April 2024

Aortic mural thrombus is a rare but important cause of embolic stroke. We report a case of embolic stroke by mobile aortic mural thrombus discuss the acute management and review the literature. A 50‐year‐old man presented sudden onset right hemiparesis and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) of MRI revealed acute embolic stroke. He showed minimum vascular risk factors and no embolic sources. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) performed at 5 days after admission showed mobile floating mass lesion in the ascending aorta (19.3 mm × 8.94 mm). He received surgical thrombectomy to prevent further thromboembolic events and the pathological examination showed thrombotic tissue without malignant findings. Mobile aortic mural thrombus is rare but important cause of embolic stroke. Physicians should evaluate embolic sources using TEE as soon as possible in case of cryptogenic stroke in order to exclude critical condition.