bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Large Spot Endolaser for Retinal Photocoagulation and Transvitreal Thermotherapy
Authors: Newsom Richard S B , Austin Jeffrey S , Fini M Elizabeth , Reichel Elias
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Diode laser transpupillary thermotherapy can be used for the treatment of choroidal neovascularization and choroidal tumors. A large spot endolaser probe was developed for endophotocoagulation and transvitreal thermotherapy. The aim of this study was to assess the probe's clinical performance for photocoagulation and transvitreal thermotherapy combined with macular elevation.

* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Endolaser with a divergent beam giving a 3 mm spot size on the retina was developed. Vitrectomy was performed on ten eyes of five Dutch Belted rabbits. Threshold for photocoagulation was determined for the diode (810 nm) laser in four eyes. In another six eyes, the retina was detached with balanced salt solution prior to laser irradiation. The tissue effects were monitored clinically and with photography and microscopy.

* RESULTS: Threshold photocoagulation was induced with 150 mW power, for 1 minute, in attached retina. Following retinal detachment, no coagulation occurred at 200 mW (suprathreshold) power for 1 minute.

* CONCLUSIONS: A large spot endolaser probe may be useful for endophotocoagulation. It generates more gradual photocoagulation than standard endolaser probes, giving a more controllable reaction over a larger area. This may be useful for treatment of large areas of the retina when tteating retinal detachments or ischemic retinopathies. When detached retina was irradiated, no retinal damage occurred at suprathreshold power. This development may allow for intraoperative transvitreal thermotherapy of choroidal neovascularization while protecting the retina with intentional intraoperative detachment of the retina.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:26-30.]
Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Solar Retinopathy
Authors: Kaushik Sushmita , Gupta Vishali , Gupta Amod
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Solar retinopathy is characterized by involvement of the outer retinal layers. Optical coherence tomography may help delineate the retinal injury site in vivo. Optical coherence tomography was performed in three eyes of two patients with solar retinopathy. All three eyes demonstrated a characteristic excavation in the outer hyperreflective layer corresponding to the retinal pigment epithelium-choroid complex. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:52-55.]
Late-Onset Corynebacterium Endophthalmitis Following Laser Posterior Capsulotomy
Authors: Hollander David A , Stewart Jay M , Seiff Stuart R , Poothullil Antony M , Jeng Bennie H
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Four months following uncomplicated cataract extraction, a patient underwent Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. Three days later, she presented with pain, hand motions vision, and severe anterior uveitis and vitritis. A coincident retinal detachment led to a delay in diagnosing the etiology of this intraocular inflammation. After recurrent episodes of inflammation that were initially responsive to corticosteroids, the patient underwent a vitrectomy, lens explantation, capsulectomy, and intravitreal antibiotic injections, which resulted in complete resolution of the intraocular inflammation with a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/60. Corynebacterium species was ultimately cultured from the capsular tissue. The release of sequestered bacterial organisms must be considered in the differential diagnosis of persistent or unusually intense inflammation following laser posterior capsulotomy. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:159-161.]
Effect of Apraclonidine Versus Dorzolamide on Intraocular Pressure After Phacoemulsification
Authors: Onal Sumru , Gozum Nilufer , Gucukoglu Ahmet
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of 1% apraclonidine hydrochloride and 2% dorzolamide hydrochloride in controlling postoperative intraocular pressure elevation in patients undergoing phacoemulsification.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted. Seventy-five patients were randomized to receive either 1% apraclonidine hydrochloride, 2% dorzolamide hydrochloride, or artificial tears immediately after uncomplicated phacoemulsification. Intraocular pressure was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometer 1 to 3 hours preoperatively and 24 hours and 5 days postoperatively.

* RESULTS: Mean intraocular pressure measured at 24 hours and 5 days after surgery was not significantly different between groups. None of the patients had an elevated intraocular pressure of 30 mm Hg or higher. No marked difference was observed in patient age, preoperative intraocular pressure, mean ultrasound time, degree of nuclear hardness, and amount of postoperative intraocular inflammation between groups.

* CONCLUSION: Uneventful phacoemulsification involving meticulous cortical and viscoelastic removal does not cause a significant increase in intraocular pressure 24 hours following surgery.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2005;36:457-462.]
The Effects of the FCC Net Neutrality Repeal on Security and Privacy
Authors: Nguyen Van , Mohammed Derek , Omar Marwan , Banisakher Mubarak
Published: January 2019

The repeal of net neutrality has caused a great public outcry from academic down to the end-users. Net neutrality was an FCC order that specified the principles for Internet Service Providers. The most prevalent principles were related to bandwidth throttling, preferential treatments, and privacy. Some described the action of the FCC will lead to the end of the Internet and consumer privacy. There have been many articles discussing about the fallout of the ruling, but it is difficult filtering fact from fiction. In this article, the authors discuss the nature of net neutrality, the history, the arguments for and against, and the roles of the FCC and their many orders. They also layout the implication of repeal on security and privacy. They present a few scenarios specifying what an ISP can do and cannot do. Finally, the authors specify what laws the consumers have left for their privacy.
Coexistent Helminth Infection–Mediated Modulation of Chemokine Responses in Latent Tuberculosis
Authors: Rajamanickam Anuradha , Munisankar Saravanan , Bhootra Yukthi , Dolla Chandra Kumar , Nutman Thomas B. , Babu Subash
Published: January 2019

Coexistent helminth infections are known to modulate T cell and cytokine responses in latent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, their role in modulating chemokine responses in latent tuberculosis (LTB) has not been explored. Because chemokines play a vital role in the protective immune responses in LTB, we postulated that coexistent helminth infection could modulate chemokine production in helminth-LTB coinfection. To test this, we measured the levels of a panel of CC and CXC chemokines at baseline and following mycobacterial Ag or mitogen stimulation in individuals with LTB with (Strongyloides stercoralis+LTB+) or without S. stercoralis (S. stercoralis−LTB+) infection and in individuals without both infections, healthy controls (HC). At baseline (in the absence of a stimulus), S. stercoralis+LTB+ individuals exhibited significantly diminished production of CCL1, CCL2, CCL4, CCL11, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 in comparison with S. stercoralis−LTB+ and/or HC individuals. Upon mycobacterial Ag stimulation, S. stercoralis+LTB+ individuals exhibited significantly diminished production of CCL1, CCL2, CCL4, CCL11, CXCL2, CXCL9, and CXCL10 in comparison with S. stercoralis−LTB+ and/or HC individuals. No differences were observed upon mitogen stimulation. Finally, after anthelmintic treatment, the baseline levels of CCL1, CCL2, CCL4, CCL11, and CXCL11 and mycobacterial Ag–stimulated levels of CCL1, CCL2, CCL11, CXCL2, and CXCL10 were significantly increased in S. stercoralis+LTB+ individuals. Thus, our data demonstrate that S. stercoralis+LTB+ individuals are associated with a compromised ability to express both CC and CXC chemokines and that this defect is at least partially reversible upon treatment. Hence, coexistent helminth infection induces downmodulation of chemokine responses in LTB individuals with likely potential effects on tuberculosis pathogenesis.
Angiogenic Host Defense Peptide AG-30/5C and Bradykinin B2 Receptor Antagonist Icatibant Are G Protein Biased Agonists for MRGPRX2 in Mast Cells
Authors: Roy Saptarshi , Ganguly Anirban , Haque Maureen , Ali Hydar
Published: January 2019

AG-30/5C is an angiogenic host defense peptide that activates human mast cells (MC) via an unknown mechanism. Using short hairpin RNA–silenced human MC line LAD2 and stably transfected RBL-2H3 cells, we demonstrate that AG-30/5C induces MC degranulation via Mas-related G protein–coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2). Most G protein–coupled receptors signal via parallel and independent pathways mediated by G proteins and β-arrestins. AG-30/5C and compound 48/80 induced similar maximal MC degranulation via MRGPRX2, which was abolished by pertussis toxin. However, compound 48/80 induced a robust β-arrestin activation as determined by transcriptional activation following arrestin translocation (Tango), but AG-30/5C did not. Overnight culture of MC with compound 48/80 resulted in reduced cell surface MRGPRX2 expression, and this was associated with a significant decrease in subsequent MC degranulation in response to compound 48/80 or AG-30/5C. However, AG-30/5C pretreatment had no effect on cell surface MRGPRX2 expression or degranulation in response to compound 48/80 or AG-30/5C. Icatibant, a bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist, promotes MC degranulation via MRGPRX2 and causes pseudoallergic drug reaction. Icatibant caused MC degranulation via a pertussis toxin–sensitive G protein but did not activate β-arrestin. A screen of the National Institutes of Health Clinical Collection library led to the identification of resveratrol as an inhibitor of MRGPRX2. Resveratrol inhibited compound 48/80–induced Tango and MC degranulation in response to compound 48/80, AG-30/5C, and Icatibant. This study demonstrates the novel finding that AG-30/5C and Icatibant serve as G protein–biased agonists for MRGPRX2, but compound 48/80 signals via both G protein and β-arrestin with distinct differences in receptor regulation.
Post-combustion capture - amine scrubbing / clean coal
Authors:   Energy Sector, Natural Resources Canada
Published: January 2019

EPCOR's Genesee Post-Combustion Carbon Capture Demonstration Plant involves the construction of a demonstration facility that will capture CO2 from a greenfield coal-fired power unit at the Genesee plant (150 MW net) in Alberta. The CO2 will be used for enhanced
oil-recovery operations and/or sequestered in a saline formation located within 100 km of the Genesee plant. The captured CO2 will be transported through collaboration with Enbridge Inc. and the Alberta Saline Aquifer Project (ASAP). ASAP is also responsible for measuring and monitoring the CO2 that
will be stored in the saline aquifer. The Genesee plant is expected to commence operation in 2015, capturing 3,000 tonnes of CO2 per day, or nearly one million tonnes per year.
Projet d'intégration de captage et stockage de CO2
Authors:   Energy Sector, Natural Resources Canada
Published: January 2019

Ce projet vise le captage des émissions de CO2 des sites industriels de la région industrielle de Heartland en Alberta. Le CO2 capté sera transporté vers le centre de l'Alberta pour y être injecté dans des réservoirs de
pétrole parvenus à maturité, à des fins de RAP. Il y demeurera séquestré en permanence. Le projet vise le captage du CO2 en provenance de deux sources : une importante usine d'engrais et une installation de traitement des sables bitumineux (en attente de construction),
dans le but de démontrer la faisabilité d'employer un réseau unique pour collecter le CO2 provenant de nombreux émetteurs industriels. Cette technologie pourrait être appliquée à bon nombre de réservoirs géologiques semblables en Alberta, pouvant chacun
assurer la séquestration de mégatonnes (Mt) de CO2. D'ici à 5 ans, ce projet permettrait le captage et la séquestration d'une quantité annuelle de CO2 pouvant atteindre 1,9 Mt, soit l'équivalent des émissions annuelles de 358 000 véhicules automobiles. À
longue échéance, cette méthode permettrait le captage et le stockage de 15 Mt de CO2 par année. Le projet permettrait également la récupération d'une quantité importante de pétrole qui ne peut actuellement être atteinte par les méthodes
classiques.
CO2 transport and storage infrastructure
Authors:   Energy Sector, Natural Resources Canada
Published: January 2019

The Alberta Saline Aquifer Project (ASAP) is an industry initiative led by Enbridge to identify deep saline aquifers in Alberta that could be used in a carbon sequestration pilot project. ASAP's purpose is to: locate CO2 storage sites along anticipated pipeline
routes to enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects; collect CO2 from existing and future emissions locations; and develop the capability to simultaneously provide CO2 to EOR projects and store excess CO2 in saline aquifers. Enbridge will work collaboratively with EPCOR to provide transport and storage
of the CO2 captured (1 Mt or more per year) in its CCS projects.
CO2 capture - gasification at clean coal electricity plant
Authors:   Energy Sector, Natural Resources Canada
Published: January 2019

This project will complete a Front End Engineering Design (FEED) study for an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) technology power plant that could deliver improved air quality and capture carbon emissions for permanent storage. If subsequent investment
and construction decisions go as planned, a 270-MW (net) generating station using the new technology would commence operations in 2015. As part of the process, EPCOR selected Siemens as the gasification technology supplier. This is the first time the Siemens gasification technology will be used for
a full-scale IGCC project. In the future, IGCC power plants could make a significant contribution toward more reliable energy supply with maximized climate and environmental compatibility.
Jaime Serra: “A infografia no jornalismo segue sendo um plus”
Authors: Silva Willian Robson Cordeiro
Published: January 2019

Considerado um dos grandes infografistas da atualidade, o espanhol Jaime Serra trata, nesta entrevista, desde o futuro da infografia jornalística até as ferramentas  utilizadas para a produção de suas peças. Ele diz que a crise que afeta o jornalismo e as empresas jornalísticas também atingiu os departamentos de arte, mas sente que o prejuízo para a infografia tem sido menor. Considera que o infográfico é elemento importante e útil, embora não indispensável para a prática jornalística: é “um plus”, que faz a diferença no modo de contar histórias.
Observation of ENSO linked changes in the tropical Atlantic cloud vertical distribution using 14 years of MODIS observations
Authors: Madenach Nils , Carbajal Henken Cintia , Preusker René , Sourdeval Odran , Fischer Jürgen
Published: January 2019

Abstract. 14 years (September 2002 to September 2016) of Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) monthly mean cloud data is analyzed to identify possible changes of the cloud vertical distribution over the Tropical Atlantic Ocean (TAO). For the analysis multiple linear regression techniques are used. Within the investigated period, no significant trend in the domain-averaged cloud vertical distribution was found. In terms of linear changes, two major phases (before and after November 2011) in the time-series of the TAO domain-average Cloud Top Height (CTH) and High Cloud Fraction (HCF) can be distinguished. While phase 1 is dominated by a significant linear increase, phase 2 is characterized by a strong, significant linear decrease. The observed trends were mainly caused by the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The increase in CTH and HCF in phase 1, was attributed to the transition from El Niño (2002) to La Niña (2011) conditions. The strong decrease in phase 2, was caused by the opposite transition from a La Niña (2011) to a major El Niño event (2016). A comparison with the large scale vertical motion ω at 500 hPa obtained from ERA-Interim ECMWF Re-Analyses and the Nino3.4-Index indicates that the changes in HCF are induced by ENSO linked changes in the large scale vertical upward movements over regions with strong large scale ascent. A first comparison with the DARDAR data set, which combines CloudSat radar and CALIPSO lidar measurements, shows qualitatively good agreements for the interannual variability of the high cloud amount and its linear decrease in phase 2.
Development of an online-coupled MARGA upgrade for the 2 h interval quantification of low-molecular-weight organic acids in the gas and particle phases
Authors: Stieger Bastian , Spindler Gerald , van Pinxteren Dominik , Grüner Achim , Wallasch Markus , Herrmann Hartmut
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A method is presented to quantify the low-molecular-weight organic acids such
as
formic, acetic, propionic, butyric, pyruvic, glycolic, oxalic,
malonic, succinic, malic, glutaric, and methanesulfonic acid in the
atmospheric gas and particle phases, based on a combination of the Monitor for
AeRosols and Gases in ambient Air (MARGA) and an additional ion
chromatography (Compact IC) instrument. Therefore, every second hourly
integrated MARGA gas and particle samples were collected and analyzed by the
Compact IC, resulting in 12 values per day for each phase. A proper separation
of the organic target acids was initially tackled by a laboratory IC
optimization study, testing different separation columns, eluent compositions
and eluent flow rates for both isocratic and gradient elution. Satisfactory
resolution of all compounds was achieved using a gradient system with two
coupled anion-exchange separation columns. Online pre-concentration with an
enrichment factor of approximately 400 was achieved by solid-phase extraction
consisting of a methacrylate-polymer-based sorbent with quaternary ammonium
groups. The limits of detection of the method range between 0.5 ng m−3
for malonate and 17.4 ng m−3 for glutarate. Precisions are below
1.0 %, except for glycolate (2.9 %) and succinate (1.0 %).
Comparisons of inorganic anions measured at the TROPOS research site in
Melpitz, Germany, by the original MARGA and the additional Compact IC are in
agreement with each other (R2 = 0.95–0.99). Organic acid concentrations
from May 2017 as an example period are presented. Monocarboxylic acids were
dominant in the gas phase with mean concentrations of 306 ng m−3 for
acetic acid, followed by formic (199 ng m−3), propionic
(83 ng m−3), pyruvic (76 ng m−3), butyric (34 ng m−3)
and glycolic acid (32 ng m−3). Particulate glycolate, oxalate and
methanesulfonate were quantified with mean concentrations of 26, 31 and
30 ng m−3, respectively. Elevated concentrations
of gas-phase formic acid and particulate oxalate in the late afternoon indicate photochemical
formation as a source.
Diurnal, seasonal and solar cycle variation of total electron content and comparison with the IRI-2016 model at Birnin Kebbi
Authors: Ogwala Aghogho , Somoye Emmanuel Olufemi , Ogunmudimu Olugbenga , Adeniji-Adele Rasaq Adewemimo , Onori Eugene Ogheneakpobor , Oyedokun Oluwole
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Total Electron Content (TEC) is an important ionospheric parameter used to monitor possible space weather impacts on satellite to ground communication and satellite navigation system. TEC is modified in the ionosphere by changing solar Extreme Ultra-Violet (EUV) radiation, geomagnetic storms, and the atmospheric waves that propagate up from the lower atmosphere. Therefore, TEC depends on local time, latitude, longitude, season, geomagnetic conditions, solar cycle activity, and condition of the troposphere. A dual frequency GPS receiver located at an equatorial station, Birnin-Kebbi in Northern Nigeria (geographic location: 12.64° N; 4.22° E), has been used to investigate variation of TEC during the period of 2011 to 2014. We investigate the diurnal, seasonal and solar cycle dependence of observed (OBS) TEC and comparison with latest version of International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-2016) model. On a general note, diurnal variation reveals discrepancies between OBS-TEC and IRI-2016 model for all hours of the day except during the post-midnight hours. Slight post-noon peaks in the daytime maximum and post-sunset decrease and enhancement are observed in the diurnal variation of OBS-TEC of some months. On a seasonal scale, we observed that OBS-TEC values were higher in the equinoxes than the solstices only in 2012. Where as in 2011, September equinox and December solstice recorded higher magnitude followed by March equinox and lowest in June solstice. In 2013, December solstice magnitude was highest, followed by the equinoxes and lowest in June solstice. In 2014, March equinox and December solstice magnitude were higher than September equinox and June solstice magnitude. June solstice consistently recorded the lowest values for all the years. OBS-TEC is found to increase from 2011 to 2014, thus revealing solar cycle dependence.
Drought during early European exploration and colonization of North America, 1500–1610CE: A comparison of evidence from the archives of societies and the archives of nature
Authors: White Sam
Published: January 2019

Abstract. This article presents the historical evidence concerning the occurrence of drought in North America from 1510–1610CE based on a comprehensive review of original written records concerning all early European expeditions into the present US and Canada. It compares this evidence from the archives of societies with maps and time series of drought generated from the tree ring-based North American Drought Atlas (NADA). This comparison demonstrates the reliability of early colonial historical records as sources of evidence concerning drought, as well as the applicability of the NADA to the scale of local and regional human historical events. The comparison further verifies the occurrence and societal impacts of certain major droughts previously identified in dendroclimatological studies, but suggests that some summer hydrological deficits indicated in the tree ring record reflect a deficiency of summer rather than winter precipitation. Finally, this review of evidence from both the archives of societies and archives of nature highlights the extraordinary challenges faced by early European explorers and colonists in North America due to climatic variability in an already unfamiliar and challenging environment.
Tsunamigenic potential of a Holocene submarine landslide along the North Anatolian Fault (northern Aegean Sea, off Thasos island): insights from numerical modelling
Authors: Janin Alexandre , Rodriguez Mathieu , Sakellariou Dimitris , Lykousis Vasilis , Gorini Christian
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The North Anatolian Fault in the northern Aegean Sea triggers frequent
earthquakes of magnitudes up to Mw∼7. This seismicity can be
a source of modest tsunamis for the surrounding coastlines with less than
50 cm height according to numerical modelling and analysis of
tsunami deposits. However, other tsunami sources may be involved, like
submarine landslides. We assess the severity of this potential hazard by
performing numerical simulations of tsunami generation and propagation from a
Holocene landslide (1.85 km3 in volume) identified off Thasos. We
use a model coupling the simulation of the submarine landslide, assimilated
to a granular flow, to the propagation of the tsunami wave. The results of
these simulations show that a tsunami wave of water height between 1.10 and
1.65 m reaches the coastline at Alexandroupoli
(58 000 inhabitants) 1 h after the triggering of the landslide. In the same
way, tsunami waves of water height between 0.80 and 2.00 m reach
the coastline of the Athos peninsula 9 min after the triggering of
the landslide. Despite numerous earthquakes of Mw>7 and strong detrital input (on the order of 30 cm ka−1), only
a few Holocene landslides have been recognized so far, asking for tsunami
recurrence in this area.
Copernicus (CMEMS) operational model intercomparison in the western Mediterranean Sea: Insights from an eddy tracker
Authors: Mason Evan , Ruiz Simon , Bourdalle-Badie Romain , Reffray Guillaume , Garcia-Sotillo Marcos , Pascual Ananda
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Rapid evolution of operational ocean models is driven by advances in numerics and sophisticated data assimilation schemes, computational power, and storage capacity. The Copernicus Marine Service (CMEMS) is a major provider of operational products that are made available through an online catalogue. The service includes global and regional forecasts in near-real-time and reanalysis modes. Here we apply an eddy tracker to daily SSH fields from three such reanalysis products from the CMEMS catalogue, with the objective to evaluate their performance in terms of their eddy properties and three-dimensional composite structures over the period 2013 through 2016. The products are (i) the Global Analysis Forecast, (ii) the Mediterranean Analysis Forecast, and (iii) the Iberia-Biscay-Ireland Analysis Forecast. The common domain between these reanalyses is the western Mediterranean Sea (WMED) between the Strait of Gibraltar and Sardinia. This is a complex region with strong density gradients, especially in the Alboran Sea in the west where Atlantic and Mediterranean waters compete. Surface eddy property maps over the WMED of eddy radii, amplitudes and nonlinearity are consistent between the models, as well as with gridded altimetric data that serve as a reference. Mean 3D eddy composites are shown only for three subregions in the Alboran Sea. These are mostly consistent between the models, with minor differences being attributed to details of the respective model configurations. This information can be informative for the ongoing development of these CMEMS operational modeling systems.
AVALIAÇÃO DE SISTEMAS DE TELHADOS VERDES: ANÁLISE TÉRMICA EM DIFERENTES SISTEMAS CULTIVADOS COM CALLISIA REPENS
Authors: Carvalho Gustavo de Castro , Tonello Paulo Sergio , De Miranda Jarbas Honorio
Published: January 2019

A crescente urbanização faz com que problemas ambientais se tornem maisfrequentes; com isso, alternativas como o uso de telhados verdes mostramseimportantes para a melhoria ambiental dos centros urbanos. O presentetrabalho buscou avaliar a temperatura em protótipos com diferentessistemas de telhados verdes comerciais (Sistemas MacDrain, Modular eFLAT) cultivados com Callisia repens, para quantificar a melhoria em relaçãoao conforto térmico que esses proporcionam, comparando-os entre si e comum protótipo testemunha. Os resultados mostraram que, em horários comtemperaturas elevadas, os sistemas conseguem atenuar a radiação solar,diminuindo a transferência de calor do meio externo para o compartimentoinstalado abaixo dos protótipos. Já em temperaturas amenas, como operíodo noturno, eles funcionam mantendo o calor absorvido durante o diano compartimento abaixo, isolando a perda de calor. Realizando-se análisesestatísticas, o protótipo testemunha apresentou diferença significativa, emrelação aos demais sistemas, mostrando o potencial de telhados verdes noisolamento térmico.
Selected Powerful Natural Antioxidants: Structure, Food Sources, Antioxidant Activities, and Important Health Benefits
Authors: Nemzer Boris V. , Yashin Alexander Ya , Vedenin Alexander N. , Yashin Yakov I. , Yashunsky Dmitry V. , Nifantiev Nikolay E. , Kalita Diganta
Published: January 2019

Numerous epidemiological studies indicate that consumption of antioxidant-rich foods is beneficial to human health and reduces the risks of dangerous diseases and premature aging. Among natural antioxidants some stand out for their powerful activity and health benefits and they are epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, curcumin, resveratrol, hydroxytyrosol, astaxanthin, lycopene, dihydroquercetin, and lignans. Preclinical, clinical, and therapeutic studies of these antioxidants in their pure form or in their combination have shown positive health benefits. This review highlights basic information and interesting findings with their source, structure, antioxidant properties, and potential health benefits to human.
Sensibilidad intercultural y satisfacción con la vida en alumnado autóctono e inmigrante
Authors: Micó-Cebrián Paula , Cava María-Jesús , Buelga Sofía
Published: January 2019

El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido explorar la relación entre diversas variables personales y escolares (empatía, autoconcepto y percepción de ayuda del profesor), la sensibilidad intercultural y la satisfacción con la vida en alumnado de tercer ciclo de educación primaria. Además, se han analizado posibles diferencias en estas variables entre alumnado autóctono e inmigrante. En esta investigación participaron 473 alumnos (92,2% autóctonos; 7,8% inmigrantes), 52% chicos y 48% chicas, de entre 10 y 13 años (M = 10,79; DT = 0,74). Los resultados obtenidos indican mayor sensibilidad intercultural y autoconcepto emocional en alumnado inmigrante, y mayor satisfacción con la vida y autoconcepto académico en alumnado autóctono. El autoconcepto social es la principal variable predictora de la sensibilidad intercultural en alumnado inmigrante, mientras que la empatía emocional, la percepción de ayuda del profesor y el autoconcepto social lo son para el alumnado autóctono. El autoconcepto familiar y emocional son las principales variables predictoras de la satisfacción con la vida en alumnado inmigrante, y el autoconcepto familiar, académico, social y físico, para el alumnado autóctono. Estos resultados son discutidos en relación con el desarrollo de programas de intervención para favorecer la sensibilidad intercultural y la satisfacción con la vida en alumnado de primaria.
El rendimiento académico de alumnos de la ESO en un contexto vulnerable y multicultural
Authors: Escarbajal Frutos Andrés , Essomba Gelabert Miquel A. , Abenza Pastor Beatriz
Published: January 2019

Este artículo quiere dar cuenta de una investigación sobre rendimiento académico en alumnos de la ESO en un contexto de vulnerabilidad y multiculturalidad. Además, se analizan las expectativas de los alumnos, la relación entre el nivel de estudios y la situación laboral de los progenitores con el rendimiento académico y cómo afecta el idioma hablado en la familia en las calificaciones de Lengua. Se utilizó como instrumento de recogida de datos un cuestionario y fueron tratados con el paquete estadístico SPSS, versión 19. Entre los resultados cabe destacar que los alumnos inmigrantes obtienen peores calificaciones que sus compañeros autóctonos, sean estos de padres españoles o inmigrantes; que a mayor nivel de estudios de los progenitores hay mejores calificaciones de todos los alumnos, y que la situación de desempleo afecta negativamente más cuando es el padre el desempleado. Además, si en la familia se habla español se obtienen mejores resultados en Lengua. En todo caso, dado el gran número de variables que influyen en el rendimiento académico, y a pesar de los resultados de esta investigación, la prudencia exige no generalizarlos y circunscribirlos a las circunstancias particulares del entorno estudiado.
L’educació del segle XXI davant el diàleg interreligiós
Authors: Freixa-Niella Montserrat , Rubio-Hurtado M.ª José , Sánchez-Martí Angelina , Vilà-Baños Ruth
Published: January 2019

L’objectiu de la recerca presentada va ser detectar les necessitats manifestades per part d’experts acadèmics, de personal de l’administració i de tècnics d’entitats que treballen actualment el diàleg interreligiós a Catalunya. Es va seguir una metodologia qualitativa, utilitzant l’entrevista com estratègia per obtenir informació. Les persones participants procedien dels tres àmbits esmentats en l’objectiu i se les va entrevistar sobre els aspectes següents: la necessitat de clarificació conceptual del fet religiós, la necessitat de clarificació conceptual del diàleg interreligiós i els factors que el potencien, i el paper de l’educació del conjunt d’agents socioeducatius. Com a resultats de les entrevistes s’evidencia que entre els factors que potencien el diàleg interreligiós destaca el canvi d’actituds al qual s’arriba a través de la formació, que hauria de ser transversal i permanent, des de l’escola fins a l’educació superior, i seguint amb una formació contínua, principalment en aquelles professions que tenen una atenció directa amb les persones. La matèria curricular vinculada a la religió a l’escola hauria d’enfocar-se des de la diversitat religiosa i les relacions interreligioses basades en l’educació dels valors, i a l’educació superior, aprofundir en la temàtica a fi de superar prejudicis i estereotips.
‘It’s not my intercultural competence, it’s me.’ The intercultural identity of prospective foreign language teachers
Authors: Fernández-Agüero María , Garrote Marta
Published: January 2019

This article examines the intercultural identity of pre-service foreign language teachers to determine whether they are aware of their intercultural stance and that of others, and whether they portray an identifiable emergent professional persona in relation to interculturality. The ultimate goal of this study is to identify common traits on which to focus future teacher training. The results show that these prospective teachers display an incipient intercultural identity characterised by a tendency to avoid agency and a certain shortage of intercultural knowledge, yet they are notably concerned about their professional image and their responsibility in work environments.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in the protection of the elements of a country’s critical infrastructure – selected directions of development
Authors: Bielawski Radosław , Rządkowski Witold , Perz Rafał
Published: January 2019

This paper explores the directions for the application of unmanned aerial vehicles in the
provision of security to vital elements of a country’s critical infrastructure. The analysis
focuses on two paths of development: the first one refers to the transportation system, the
latter is related to the gas supply network – the basic components of a country’s critical
infrastructure. The first section of this paper will examine the current state of knowledge
in the field, and is designed as a reference of terminology pertaining to unmanned aerial
vehicles (definitions and classification). The section shall furthermore provide a basis for
and a contribution to the developed conceptual-semantic framework for UAV research. The
first direction of development is described in terms of the characteristics and assumptions
of the system; this includes an overview of the specific requirements of the unmanned
platform itself, as well as the elements of the system, such as a local monitoring centre
and other components. Furthermore, this section provides the overview of the designated
mobile application, whose development is expected to improve the efficiency of system
operation, which is a conceptual novelty considering similar developments. The second direction concerns the development of an unmanned system of production, storage, and
use of chemical and radioactive substances, including pipelines for hazardous substances.
The programme that fits perfectly in the framework of the second considered branch of
development is “Cricket” [Polish: “Świerszcz”] – a programme implemented in the periodic
inspection of gas supply infrastructure. The description of the programme in question
included specifying the technical and operational requirements for the fight devices as well
as for the equipment.
An improved mathematical model for vehicle crashagainst highway guardrails
Authors: HE Lieyun , LIN Xinming
Published: January 2019

Highway guardrail is a kind of important road traffic safety facility. When a vehicle is travelling on a highway, it can lose control because of accident. The guardrail can prevent the vehicle from rushing directly out of the road, so as to reduce the injury to the driver in the vehicle. Therefore, the guiding performance, anti-collision performance and buffer performance of the guardrail are important indexes to reflect the highway guardrail safety in the traffic accidents between vehicle and guardrail. The process of collisions between vehicles and guardrails is a complex motion, affected by multiple factors such as the movement patterns and types of vehicles, the types of guardrail, the bending stiffness of the beams, the speed of collision, the angle of collision, etc. The accuracy of energy estimation when vehicle collides with guardrail is the foundation of highway guardrail design, installation and improvement. Many experts and scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of theoretical research and experimental verifications on the safety performance of highway guardrail, and analyzed the anti-collision ability and energy absorption effect of highway guardrail. Single degree of freedom model is the most widely used mathematical model of vehicle collision in highway guardrail. The traditional model is more suitable for calculating the maximum impact force of small vehicles, but it is not accurate for large vehicles. However, due to the unreasonableness of the model in the theoretical derivation process, there is a large error in the mathematical model, especially in estimating the accuracy of the energy value of the large vehicle collision guardrail. Practice shows that the current guardrail cannot withstand the impact of large vehicles. Once large vehicles collide with the corrugated beam guardrail, the guardrail will collapse in most cases, and the vehicle will rush out of the road directly, so it is very difficult to exert the protective function of the guardrail. The anti-collision performance of guardrail is poor, which is related to the existing calculation model, which results in insufficient strength in the design of guardrail.
Association Between Depression, Socioeconomic Factors and Dietary Intake in Married Women, Bandar Abbas, Iran
Authors: Bahramitabar Samira , Zare Shahram
Published: January 2019

Background: Socioeconomic factors and dietary intake have suggested being effective in the appearance of depression. A limited number of studies have addressed such factors in Iranian communities. In this study, we investigated the relationship between depression, dietary intake, and socioeconomic factors among married women within a developing community in the south of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 480 married women in 2014. A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used for sampling. The Beck depression inventory was used to assess the level of depression. 24-hour dietary intake information was collected using a self-administered diet history questionnaire. Demographic information and socioeconomic status were also collected using a predesigned questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient, t test, chi-square test, analysis of variance, and linear and logistic regression models. Results: The average age of subjects in this study was 38.6 (SD = 6.7) years. The prevalence of depression inmarried women was found to be 42.7%. A significant direct correlation was observed between the depression score and age, body mass index, the number of children, and family size. The daily intake of most macronutrients was inversely related to the depression level. Moreover, logistic regression analysis revealed that married women with lower education levels (odds ratio (OR) = 3.39, 95%CI: 1.83 - 5.43), unemployed spouses (OR = 5.72, 95%CI: 2.21 - 9.86), and low socioeconomic statuses (OR = 3.74, 95%CI: 2.33 - 5.07) were more likely to be depressed. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that compared to other subpopulations in Iran and foreign communities, married women in Bandar Abbas show higher rates of depressive symptoms. Education, employment, and economic status are among the most important predictors of depression in married women. Therefore, it is essential to consider these factors in future studies.
The First Fifty Years of the Didactics of History at the Faculty of Education at Masaryk University (1946–1996)
Authors: Vaculík Jaroslav
Published: January 2019

The study presented here concerns the development of history didactics at the Faculty of Education at Masaryk University. It focuses on the first fifty years of work in this field (1946–1996) when was represented by Jaroslav Kopáč, Stanislav Opatřil and Stanislav Julínek.
Community Microspace in the Multicultural Macrospace: An Attempt of Systemic Perception
Authors: Szerląg Alicja
Published: January 2019

The specificity of contemporary multiculturalism is difficult to capture from the perspective of a traditional concept of culture, perceived within the framework of homogeneity. This is on account of the fact that such inspection of culture does not entail what comes across as the distinction of contemporary multiculturalism, namely the processes of fusion and interspersion of cultures, both resulting in hybridization. Nonetheless, the culture can be analyzed in a more suitable manner on the grounds of the concept of transculturality, as thanks to that, it is possible to seize the dependencies, mutual borrowings of values, cultural artefacts, as well as the socially constituted microspaces of a community, which due to its structure and conceptualizing factors can be referred to as a specific system. As a result, the category of the borderland of cultures can be useful and applied, as it focuses on the contents and processes crucial for the shaping of intercultural space.
The Phenomenon of a Polish Kresy Town on the Lithuanian-Belarusian Territory in the 1st Half of the 19th Century
Authors: Jędrychowska Barbara
Published: January 2019

Kresy towns at the turn of the 19th century represented an important element of the Polish history. The Lithuanian-Belarusian territory was covered mainly with small towns and most of them belonged to Polish owners. After 1795, this land was annexed by Russia, which gradually made the area dependent on its political and cultural influences and started a slow russification process. The town of Świsłocz in the Grodzeńska county met the same fate. However, the urban- economical and cultural involvement of count Wincenty Tyszkiewicz, as well as his feeling of responsibility for the inhabitants, allowed him to create the phenomenon of a Kresy town in the first decades of the post-partition period despite difficulties. Perfect architectural foundations, magnificent marketplace and an amazing gymnasium were characteristic of the town. After the fall of the November Uprising, the uniqueness of the town started to wane and, with the loss of its Polishness, it lost its unique character.
ASPECTOS PENAIS E REGULATÓRIOS DA VENDA DE MEDICAMENTOS SEM REGISTRO
Authors: Bottino Thiago , Schiller Alexandre Ortigão Sampaio Buarque
Published: January 2019

Este ensaio tem por objetivo tratar dos aspectos penais e regulatórios da venda de medicamentos sem registro no Brasil, tipificado no artigo 273, § 1º-B, do Código Penal, pela Lei nº 9.677/1998, chamada “Lei dos Remédios”, através de uma investigação analítica, com base numa pesquisa jurídico-teórica pelo método indutivo, da legislação e da jurisprudência dos Tribunais Superiores. Diante da controvérsia que se alonga há aproximadamente vinte anos quanto à razoabilidade do tipo penal e da sua constitucionalidade, já declarada pelos Superior Tribunal de Justiça e Supremo Tribunal Federal, a questão que se propõe, neste trabalho, é de fazer um contraponto à restrição imposta pelo legislador à produção e comercialização de medicamentos sem registro no Brasil com o entendimento adotado pelo Judiciário no que toca à necessidade de fornecimento e custeio, pelo Estado, de medicamentos que ainda não possuem registro na Anvisa. Ao final, pretende-se questionar a sobreposição do direito penal à regulação da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária.
How our approaches to assessing benefits and harms can be improved
Authors: Sena ES , Currie GL
Published: January 2019

Harm-benefit analysis (HBA) underpins the ethical framework of the regulation of animal experiments. This process involves a qualitative, and generally subjective, assessment of the potential benefits weighed against likely harms to be caused to animals. However, there is scope to prospectively quantify this process. A systematic and empirical assessment of historical data can give insights into why benefits are not realised and the magnitude of harm that animals experience. There is substantial scholarly evidence that risks to the 3Vs, the three core aspects of experimental validity in animal experiments (internal, external and construct validity) and low statistical power are limiting the reliability and reproducibility of research. Assessment of the 3Rs (reduction, refinement and replacement) is embedded in HBA and specifically seeks to minimise harm to the animals. However, no formal structure is in place to assess the likelihood of benefit, and we champion the 3Vs as a scale with which this may be achieved. Ethical approval procedures that consider the 3Vs and 3Rs using meta-research may be an approach to facilitate HBA. In ethical considerations related to animal research, there are value judgements that are integral to HBA, which cannot be measured directly. However, a quantitative and systematic approach is likely to be of added value. The perspective and examples described in this paper relate to laboratory animal research, but the approaches may lend themselves to different settings involving animals to ensure that decision-making and changes introduced, for example, to improve animal welfare, are evidence-based.
Le choix de la loi applicable à la succession limité par les mesures de protection familiale en droit international privé québécois
Authors: Chikoc Barreda Naivi
Published: January 2019

Le Code civil du Québec demeure fidèle au système successoral scissionniste selon lequel la succession mobilière est régie par la loi de l’État du dernier domicile du défunt et la succession sur les immeubles, par la loi de l’État de leur situation. Cela n’a pas empêché le législateur d’admettre certaines dérogations au principe dualiste en faisant un pas timide vers le principe de l’unité de la loi applicable à la succession par l’entremise d’un choix de loi. L’efficacité de la professio juris successorale est pourtant limitée par les droits successoraux de certains proches parents du défunt attribués par la loi qui serait applicable à défaut de choix (rattachement objectif). La finalité est d’éviter que l’option de loi ne devienne un instrument de contournement des règles protectrices de la famille. Ces règles sont constitutives de limites à la liberté de tester en droit matériel en raison de considérations familiales, mais elles sont loin d’être traitées de façon uniforme par le droit international privé comparé. La question devient pertinente dans un contexte de libéralisation croissante des rapports privés internationaux où la liberté de choisir le droit applicable s’érige en principe directeur, comme le démontre le récent Règlement européen sur les successions 650/2012 qui affranchit le choix de loi des contraintes matérielles liées à la protection des proches parents du défunt. L’auteure s’interroge au sujet de la portée restrictive des mesures de protection familiale sur l’autonomie de la volonté conflictuelle en droit international privé québécois des successions.
Les temporalités dans le droit de la famille français : la famille à l’épreuve du « présentisme »
Authors: Bernand Younes
Published: January 2019

Les temporalités désignent tout à la fois le caractère de ce qui s’inscrit dans le temps et une forme d’agencement du passé, du présent et du futur. L’évolution du droit de la famille est marquée par le passage d’un modèle traditionnel, fondé sur l’idée d’un mariage perpétuel, source de pérennité du lien familial à un modèle, empreint de « présentisme », caractérisé par la précarité de la conjugalité. Devant le risque de rupture du continuum de la famille, le législateur a été contraint de renforcer et de consolider la parenté. On observe, dès lors, un déplacement de la durée de la conjugalité à la parenté. Dans une logique de dissociation de la conjugalité et de la parenté, le temps subjectif, conditionnel et instantanéiste de la conjugalité s’oppose au temps objectif, inconditionnel et perpétuel de la parenté.