bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Input–output pairing accounting for both structure and strength in coupling
Authors: Yin Xunyuan , Liu Jinfeng
Published: September 2016

Input–output pairing is an important problem in control system design and is often performed using the relative gain array (RGA) based approaches. While RGA‐based approaches have been very successful in many applications, they have some well‐known limitations. For example, they may give results which are not consistent with the physical topology since only the strength of interaction between inputs and outputs is taken into account in the RGA. In this work, we propose a new measure for input–output pairing that explores both strength and structural information in input–output coupling. Specifically, we take advantage of the tool of relative degree to measure the physical closeness of input–output pairs and to explore the strength of interaction progressively with respect to the relative degree. We call the proposed measure relative sensitivity array (RSA) between inputs and outputs. Detailed analysis is performed to reveal the relationship between the gain matrix used in the RGA and the sensitivity matrix in the RSA from a mathematical point of view. Since the RSA is an analog of the RGA, many existing pairing guidelines developed for the RGA can be used in the proposed RSA‐based pairing. The proposed RSA‐based approach is applied to two examples. The results show that pairs formed by the proposed approach are consistent with the physical topologies of the processes. Also, the results show that the proposed approach can handle larger systems that cannot be effectively handled by RGA‐based approaches. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 1226–1235, 2017
Particle entrainment from gas‐solid fluidized beds: Conductive vs. dielectric fines
Authors: Fotovat Farzam , Grace John R. , Bi Xiaotao T.
Published: September 2016

Conductive and non‐conductive fine powders were entrained by air at atmospheric temperature and pressure in a fluidization column of diameter 0.15 m made of stainless steel. Under equivalent operating conditions, entrainment of the conductive particles was markedly higher than for non‐conductive species. This finding cannot be explained by hydrodynamic factors. Examining the electrostatic interaction between touching particles reveals that dominance of the inter‐particle attractive forces hinders independent motion of non‐conductive particles in the freeboard. In addition, because of non‐uniform distribution of the electrical charges over the surface of dielectric particles, they are subject to stronger electrostatic forces than for particles made of conductive materials. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 1194–1202, 2017
Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed C3‐Selective Friedel–Crafts Reaction of Indoles with Aziridines
Authors: Yin JieXiang , Hyland Dr Christopher J. T.
Published: September 2016

The [PdCl2(MeCN)2]‐catalyzed C3‐selective Friedel–Crafts reaction of 2,2‐disubstituted and 2‐aryl‐N‐tosylaziridines with indoles is reported. For the 2,2‐disubstituted substrates, [PdCl2(MeCN)2] alone, without any ancillary ligands, is an efficient catalyst for the ring‐opening reaction. The presence of 1,4‐benzoquinone as an additive was found to enhance the ring‐opening reaction of the less‐reactive 2‐arylaziridines. This reaction displayed a broad substrate scope with respect to the indole substrate and is operationally simple. Finally, when 1,3‐dimethylindole was employed as a substrate, the de‐aromatized pyrroloindoline product was obtained in high yield and good diastereoselectivity.
Comment on ‘Super‐resolution microscopy by movable thin‐films with embedded microspheres: Resolution analysis’ [Ann. Phys. (Berlin) 527, 513 (2015)]
Authors: Darafsheh Arash
Published: September 2016

This work addresses the shortcomings of the recent paper by Allen et al. [Ann. Phys. (Berlin) 527, 513 (2015)], in which the authors attempted to quantify the spatial resolution and magnification in imaging by using microsphere‐embedded films. Their methodology in resolution and magnification analyses is ill‐considered and worth discussing. Neglecting the impact of the confocal arrangement, used for imaging in their work, on the resolution improvement factor has led to an exaggerated claim of ∼λ/6 as the inherent resolution gain of the microsphere. However, this ∼λ/6 value cannot be solely attributed to the microspheres because, the effects the pinhole function and image acquisition process of the laser scanning confocal microscope must be separated from their results in order to find the inherent resolution gain of the microsphere. The magnification analysis is flawed for several reasons: invalidity of geometrical optics for micron‐scale spheres, neglecting the impact of the index of the PDMS film surrounding the microsphere, and the cyclic methodology used in presenting the magnification results. Specifically, such large claimed gaps between the object and the microsphere as a mediator of near‐field information contradicts the coupling condition requirement, as claimed by the authors, between the scattered evanescent field of the object and the microsphere.
Variation of periodic crazing based on polymer blends of an ultra‐high and a low molecular weight poly(methyl methacrylate)
Authors: Naito Keishi , Takeno Akiyoshi , Morifuji Ryota , Miyata Toshiaki , Miwa Minoru , Takahashi Shinya
Published: September 2016

Periodic crazes are caused in a polymer film by the unique mechanical method using bending. Generation of a craze depends on entanglements of the molecular chains of a polymer. Therefore, control of composite morphology of periodic crazes was attempted by varying the entanglements of molecular chains. An effective entanglement network became sparse by polymer blends of an ultra‐high molecular weight polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and a low molecular weight PMMA. Consequently, the composite morphology of periodic crazes caused in the blend film varied. In other words, the periodic craze can be used for the evaluation of the effective entanglements. In addition, it was figured out that PMMA of which the number‐average molecular weight (Mn) is less than twice of the effective entanglement molecular weight (Me*) works as a plasticizer in the blend film. And also, it was revealed that the mechanical properties of the blend film decreased dramatically at Mn ≒ 6Me*. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44332.
The cohesive energy density of polymers and its relationship to surface tension, bulk thermodynamic properties, and chain structure
Authors: Dee Gregory T. , Sauer Bryan B.
Published: September 2016

The cohesive energy density (CED) and the internal pressure (Pi) have similar values for most liquids at low pressures. For most polymers CED cannot be directly measured, unlike Pi which is readily obtained in the melt from PVT or other related data. Directly measured CED are available for the oligomer linear alkane series over a moderate molecular weight (MW) range. Scaling CED with measured surface tensions (ɣ) leads to separation into two universal scaling curves, which provides a measure of surface configurational entropy, as does the MW dependence of experimental surface tensions for two polymer series. A novel polymer scaling curve based on CED is shown to provide improved accuracy in the prediction of ɣ for any polymer or solvent. For polymers that interact predominately through Van der Waals forces, correlations between the average interchain separation distances and the magnitude of CED (or Pi), are shown to give a universal derivation of CED. In contrast, polymers like P4VP having strong polar interactions provide dramatic evidence of the different physical basis of CED and Pi. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44431.
Starch nanocomposite films incorporating grape pomace extract and cellulose nanocrystal
Authors: Xu Yixiang , Scales Anita , Jordan Krystle , Kim Chyer , Sismour Edward
Published: September 2016

The objectives of this study were to prepare starch nanocomposite films incorporating grape pomace extract (GPE) and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) using a solvent‐casting method, and to characterize the mechanical properties, color, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), crystalline structure, morphology, thermal stability, phenolic compound release profile and antibacterial activity of the films. Incorporating CNC and GPE significantly (P < 0.05) increased the films’ thickness, mechanical properties, and opacity. Brightness and color were mainly influenced by GPE level, while CNC had a great impact on the reduction of WVTR values of the film. Three characteristic cellulose I crystalline peaks were observed using X‐ray diffraction in CNC‐containing nanocomposite films. However, the effect of CNC levels on thermal stability was not significant. Phenolic compound releases were time and film dependent, and the nanocomposite films incorporating with GPE and CNC exhibited stronger inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 compared to Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44438.
Improvement of antifouling performance of poly(l‐lactic acid) membranes through incorporating polyaniline nanoparticles
Authors: Jiang Bin , Wang Baoyu , Zhang Luhong , Sun Yongli , Xiao Xiaoming , Yang Na , Dou Haozhen
Published: September 2016

Poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) composite membranes were fabricated by nonsolvent induced phase separation method using polyaniline (PANI) as an additive. Membrane structure was characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, porosity, and pore size analysis. Membrane performance was assessed by goniometer, pure water flux, molecular weight cut‐off, static adsorption and dynamic filtration. The incorporation of PANI significantly improved the hydrophilicity and permeability of PLLA composite membrane, and eventually enhanced the antifouling performance of composite membrane compared with pure PLLA membrane. It was demonstrated that PLLA composite membrane with 1 wt % PANI had better separation and antifouling performance compared with other composite membranes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2017,134, 44452.
The effect of maternal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals on fetal and neonatal development: A review on the major concerns
Authors: Mallozzi Maddalena , Bordi Giulia , Garo Chiara , Caserta Donatella
Published: September 2016

There is a widespread exposure of general population, including pregnant women and developing fetuses, to the endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). These chemicals have been reported to be present in urine, blood serum, breast milk, and amniotic fluid. Endocrine disruptions induced by environmental toxicants have placed a heavy burden on society, since environmental exposures during critical periods of development can permanently reprogram normal physiological responses, thereby increasing susceptibility to disease later in life—a process known as developmental reprogramming. During development, organogenesis and tissue differentiation occur through a continuous series of tightly‐regulated and precisely‐timed molecular, biochemical, and cellular events. Humans may encounter EDCs daily and during all stages of life, from conception and fetal development through adulthood and senescence. Nevertheless, prenatal and early postnatal windows are the most critical for proper development, due to rapid changes in system growth. Although there are still gaps in our knowledge, currently available data support the urgent need for health and environmental policies aimed at protecting the public and, in particular, the developing fetus and women of reproductive age. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 108:224–242, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Magnetic field therapy in patients with cytostatics‐induced polyneuropathy: A prospective randomized placebo‐controlled phase‐III study
Authors: Rick Oliver , von Hehn Ulrike , Mikus Eberhard , Dertinger Hermann , Geiger Georg
Published: September 2016

No causal treatment for chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is known. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a therapy for CIPN. Only scarce clinical data are available concerning magnetic field therapy (MFT) in this context. We conducted a unicentric, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase‐III trial of an MFT device versus placebo. In this study, we randomized 44 patients with CIPN to two treatment groups, where 21 patients were treated with MFT (Group 1) and 23 patients received placebo (Group 2). We evaluated the efficacy of MFT at baseline (T1), after 3 weeks of study treatment (T2), and after 3 months of study treatment (T3). The primary endpoint was nerve conduction velocity (NCV), while secondary endpoints were the Common Toxicity Criteria (CTCAE) score and the Pain Detect End Score at T3. Seventeen of the patients in Group 1 and 14 patients in Group 2 completed the respective study treatment. The primary endpoint, significant improvement of NCV at T3, was achieved by MFT (P = 0.015), particularly for sensory neurotoxicity of the peroneal nerve. Also, in respect to the secondary endpoints, significant improvement (P = 0.04) was achieved in terms of the patients’ subjectively perceived neurotoxicity (CTCAE score), but not of neuropathic pain (P = 0.11). From data in the randomized study presented here, a positive effect on the reduction of neurotoxicity can be assumed for the MFT device. Patients with sensory neurotoxicity in the lower limbs, especially, should therefore be offered this therapy. Bioelectromagnetics. 38:85–94, 2017. © 2016 The Authors. Bioelectromagnetics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kinetic Study on Aminolysis of 4‐Pyridyl Benzoate and O‐4‐Pyridyl Thionobenzoate in Acetonitrile: Factors Influencing Reactivity and Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Um Ik‐Hwan , Kim Min‐Young , Lee Jae‐In
Published: September 2016

A kinetic study on nucleophilic substitution reactions of 4‐pyridyl benzoate (2a) and O‐4‐pyridyl thionobenzoate (2b) with a series of cyclic secondary amines in acetonitrile at 25.0°C is reported. Plots of pseudo‐first‐order rate constant (kobsd) vs. [amine] are linear and pass through the origin for the reactions of 2a but curve upward for those of 2b. The upward curvature observed for the reactions of 2b is typical for reactions that proceed through a stepwise mechanism with a zwitterionic intermediate T±, which decomposes to the products via uncatalyzed and catalyzed routes competitively. The reaction of 2a has been suggested to proceed through a stepwise mechanism with T±, in which expulsion of the leaving group occurs in the rate‐determining step on the basis of a linear Brønsted‐type plot with βnuc = 0.77. The catalyzed reaction of 2b from T± has been proposed to proceed through a concerted mechanism with a six‐membered cyclic transition state rather than via a stepwise pathway with an anionic intermediate T−. Factors influencing reactivity and reaction mechanism are discussed in detail.
Total Synthesis of Amino‐Functionalized Calphostin Analogs as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Protein Kinase C (PKC)
Authors: Kim Hyoyeon , Song Choon‐Ho , Kim Dae‐Hyuk , Jung Nam‐Gin , Lee Seung‐Jae , Kim Beom‐Tae
Published: September 2016

As potential protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors and photodynamic agents, the novel amino‐functionalized calphostin analog 1,12‐bis((benzoyl‐amino)methyl)‐3,10‐perylenequinone was successfully prepared by dimerization of the key intermediate 3‐(benzoylamino)methyl‐1,2‐naphthoquinone (9), which was synthesized by an efficient and relatively short synthetic sequence (eight steps) with satisfactory overall yield. The naturally occurring form of perylenequinone 12 was prepared by consecutive methylation and demethylation reactions. In our synthetic strategy, it was beneficial that the amino functionality of 1,2‐naphthoquinone 9 could be easily introduced at an early synthetic stage and subsequently dimerized to prepare various potentially bioactive perylenequinones.
Efficient Aerobic Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural in Aqueous Media with Au–Pd Supported on Zinc Hydroxycarbonate
Authors: Gui Zhenyou , Cao Wenrong , Saravanamurugan Shunmugavel , Riisager Anders , Chen Lifang , Qi Zhiwen
Published: September 2016

Bimetallic catalysts with Au–Pd supported on zinc hydroxycarbonate (ZOC) were synthesized by a simple deposition–precipitation method and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy to have a narrow‐size distribution of predominantly 1–2 nm. The prepared Au–Pd/ZOC catalysts exhibited excellent activity towards 5‐hydoxymethylfurfural (HMF) oxidation in water in the presence of the base NaHCO3 at benign conditions of 80 °C and 3 bar O2, resulting in quantitative yield of 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). The addition of base not only enhanced the yield of FDCA but also stabilized the support ZOC by preventing ZOC from the reaction with formed carboxylic acid intermediates/products, thus allowing Au–Pd/ZOC to be recycled for at least six times without significant loss of activity. The basicity of ZOC could play an important role in obtaining the improved yield of FDCA as compared to other supports.
Treating Copper(II) Oxide Nanoflowers with Hydrogen Peroxide: A Novel and Facile Strategy To Prepare High‐Performance Copper(II) Oxide Nanosheets with Exposed (1 1 0) Facets
Authors: Peng Honggen , Liu Yang , Guo Yao , Zhang Jingyan , Zhang Li , Zhou Simei , Xu Xianglan , Liu Wenming , Zhang Ning , Wang Xiang
Published: September 2016

CuO nanosheets with exposed active (1 1 0) facets were facilely prepared through surface structure engineering by reassembling CuO nanoflowers in H2O2 aqueous solution. The CO oxidation activity on these CuO nanosheets was markedly higher than that on the pristine nanoflowers, for which the 100 % CO conversion temperature on the former was 40 °C lower than that on the latter and equal to that on a commercial catalyst (1 %Pd/γ‐Al2O3). This work provides a new strategy to design and prepare high‐performance nanostructured CuO catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Kesterite Cu2ZnSnTe4 via Ball‐Milling of Elemental Powder Precursors.
Authors: Pareek Devendra , Balasubramaniam K. R. , Sharma Pratibha
Published: September 2016

The title compound is synthesized by ball‐milling of powder mixtures of Cu, Zn, Sn, and Te (planetary ball mill, 450 rpm, 30 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Free Conditions for Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Arylation to Produce Stereochemically Labile α‐Aryl Ketones.
Authors: Dou Xiaowei , Lu Yixin , Hayashi Tamio
Published: September 2016

A chiral diene‐rhodium μ‐chloro dimer is found to be an efficient catalyst for the asymmetric hydroarylation of a variety of cyclic enones and analogous substrates such as (XIV) and (XVI).
ChemInform Abstract: One for Many: A Universal Reagent for Acylation Processes.
Authors: Moon Hyun Kyung , Sung Gi Hyeon , Kim Bo Ram , Park Jong Keun , Yoon Yong‐Jin , Yoon Hyo Jae
Published: September 2016

2‐Acyloxypyridazinone is utilized as heterocycle‐based acyl‐transfer agent in various acylation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic Bromolactonization of Cyclopropyl Carboxylic Acids Using Lewis Basic Sulfide Catalyst.
Authors: Ke Zhihai , Wong Ying‐Chieh , See Jie Yang , Yeung Ying‐Yeung
Published: September 2016

In the absence of light, the sulfide‐catalyzed electrophilic bromolactonization yields the Markovnikov product exclusively.
ChemInform Abstract: A Supramolecular Ensemble of a PBI Derivative and Cu2O NPs: Potential Photocatalysts for the Suzuki and Suzuki Type Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Singh Gurpreet , Kumar Manoj , Sharma Kamaldeep , Bhalla Vandana
Published: September 2016

The aggregates of a perylene bisimide derivative in combination with Benedict′s reagent are used as photocatalyst for the photocatalytic Suzuki‐type coupling reaction of boronic acid/ester with tosyl aziridines and for Suzuki coupling reactions with various aryl halides.
ChemInform Abstract: Selectivity Modulation of the Ley—Griffith TPAP Oxidation with N‐Oxide Salts.
Authors: Moore Peter W. , Jiao Yanxiao , Mirzayans Paul M. , Sheng Lexter Ng Qi , Hooker Jordan P. , Williams Craig M.
Published: September 2016

A novel non‐hygroscopic DABCO N‐oxide tetraphenylborate proves superior as co‐oxidant in the Ley—Griffith (TPAP) oxidation of benzylic and allylic alcohols under non‐anhydrous conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II)‐Mediated Intermolecular C(sp2)—H Amination of Benzamides with Electron‐Rich Anilines.
Authors: Singh Bijaya Kumar , Polley Arghya , Jana Ranjan
Published: September 2016

The directed Cu(II)‐mediated ortho C—H amination of N‐quinolin‐8‐yl amides with electronically neutral or electron‐rich anilines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Synthesis of α‐Amino Allylsilane Derivatives Through a [3,3]‐Allyl Cyanate Rearrangement. Mild Formation of Functionalized Disiloxanes.
Authors: Henrion Sylvain , Carboni Bertrand , Cossio Fernando P. , Roisnel Thierry , Villalgordo Jose M. , Carreaux Francois
Published: September 2016

This reaction is based on a [3,3]‐allyl cyanate sigmatropic rearrangement via isocyanate intermediate which is trapped by several nucleophiles, opening the way for the preparation of chiral functionalized compounds such as the α‐ureido allylsilanes or carbamate derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: En route to a Practical Primary Alcohol Deoxygenation.
Authors: Dai Xi‐Jie , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: September 2016

A broad range of benzylic, allylic and aliphatic mono and dialcohols which may contain a broad range of functional groups are efficiently deoxygenated.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Electrophile Coupling of Vinyl Halides with Alkyl Halides.
Authors: Johnson Keywan A. , Biswas Soumik , Weix Daniel J.
Published: September 2016

The Ni‐catalyzed reductive coupling of (Z)‐vinyl bromides with alkyl halides leads to (Z)‐alkenes in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of a syn‐Selective Mannich Reaction of Aldehydes with Propargylic Imines by Dual Catalysis: Asymmetric Synthesis of Functionalized Propargylic Amines.
Authors: Lapuerta Irati , Vera Silvia , Oiarbide Mikel , Palomo Claudio
Published: September 2016

Enolizable aldehydes are coupled with C‐alkynyl imines to produce an intermediate aldehyde adduct which is immediately reduced to the alcohol.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Room‐Temperature Acylative Suzuki Coupling of High‐Order Aryl Borons with Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Si Shufen , Wang Chen , Zhang Nan , Zou Gang
Published: September 2016

Diarylborinic acids and tetraarylboronates are described as practical aryl source for the Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki coupling of carboxylic acids to yield ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfinyl‐Mediated Stereoselective Overman Rearrangements and Diels—Alder Cycloadditions.
Authors: Colomer Ignacio , Gheewala Chirag , Simal Carmen , Velado Marina , Fernandez de la Pradilla Roberto , Viso Alma
Published: September 2016

Trichloroacetamidates are used as substrates in the title rearrangement to produce the desired allylic amine synthons in a highly stereoselective manner as is demonstrated for a few examples.
ChemInform Abstract: Intra‐ and Intermolecular Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Cross‐Electrophile Coupling Reactions of Benzylic Esters with Aryl Halides.
Authors: Konev Mikhail O. , Hanna Luke E. , Jarvo Elizabeth R.
Published: September 2016

An intramolecular cross‐electrophile cyclization of benzylic pivalates having an ortho‐bromoaryl substituent is developed providing facile access to indanones and tetralins.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Novel Halogenated 4‐Pyrazolylspirocyclic‐β‐lactams: Versatile Heterocyclic Synthons.
Authors: Bhalla Aman , Bari Shamsher S. , Bhalla Jitender , Khullar Sadhika , Mandal Sanjay
Published: September 2016

The synthesis of the title species (IV) is based on iodine mediated intrasulfenyl cyclization of precursors (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Addition of Pyrazol‐5‐ones to Trisubstituted Nitroalkenes with an N‐Sulfinylurea Organocatalyst.
Authors: Phelan James P. , Ellman Jonathan A.
Published: September 2016

The title reaction represents the first example of a Michael addition of a carbon nucleophile to a trisubstituted nitroalkene followed by enantioselective nitronate protonation.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective and Regiodivergent Oxa‐[3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Achmatowicz Products and Cyclic 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Yu Jingxun , Ma Haichen , Yao Hongliang , Cheng Hang , Tong Rongbiao
Published: September 2016

Depending on the reaction conditions, either annulated furo[3,2‐b]pyran or furo[2,3‐b]pyran scaffolds are highly diastereoselectively obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfonic Acid—Functionalized Magnetic Fe3‐xTixO4 Nanoparticles: New Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for One‐Pot Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans and Dihydropyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole Derivatives.
Authors: Azarifar Davood , Abbasi Younes
Published: September 2016

Sulfonic acid—functionalized magnetic Fe3‐xTixO4 nanoparticles are used as magnetic acidic catalyst for the one‐pot three‐component synthesis of (IV) and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Construction of Imidazopyridines from ortho‐Haloaminopyridines.
Authors: Li Chaomin , Chen Lily , Steinhuebel Dietrich , Goodman Andrew
Published: September 2016

A two‐step C—N coupling/cyclization reaction sequence is developed for the synthesis of imidazopyridine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrohalogenative Aromatization of Multiynes Promoted by Ruthenium Alkylidene Complexes.
Authors: Karmakar Rajdip , Wang Kung‐Pern , Yun Sang Young , Mamidipalli Phani , Lee Daesung
Published: September 2016

The benzannulation of tethered bis‐1,3‐diynes via regioselective incorporation of hydrohalogens using halogenated hydrocarbons is described.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Phosphoramidates from Halides in Aqueous Ethanol.
Authors: Dangroo N. A. , Dar A. A. , Shankar R. , Khuroo M. A. , Sangwan P. L.
Published: September 2016

The facile protocol allows the synthesis of phosphoramidates from in situ generated azides and phosphite (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Three New Chalcones from the Aerial Parts of Angelica keiskei
Authors: Kil Yun‐Seo , Kwon Jaeyoung , Lee Dongho , Seo Eun Kyoung
Published: September 2016

isolation and structure elucidation of three new chalcones (I), (II), and (III)
ChemInform Abstract: Engyodontochones, Antibiotic Polyketides from the Marine Fungus Engyodontium album Strain LF069.
Authors: Wu Bin , Wiese Jutta , Wenzel‐Storjohann Arlette , Malien Susan , Schmaljohann Rolf , Imhoff Johannes F.
Published: September 2016

Novel engyodontochones A (I) and B (II) show potent inhibitory activity against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
ChemInform Abstract: Growth of Carbon Nanotubes from Waste Blast Furnace Gases at Atmospheric Pressure.
Authors: Sagu Jagdeep S. , Wijayantha K.G. Upul , Holland Paul , Bohm Mallika , Bohm Siva , Rout Tapan Kumar , Bandulasena Hemaka
Published: September 2016

In the lights of the steel industry contributing most to carbon emissions (CO2 greenhouse gases), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on steel substrates which act as catalysts for the CNT growth.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Monoxide: A Mild and Efficient Reducing Agent Towards Atomically Precise Gold Nanoclusters
Authors: Chen Tiankai , Xie Jianping
Published: September 2016

Review: [47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioinspired Magnetite Synthesis via Solid Precursor Phases
Authors: Lenders Jos J. M. , Mirabello Giulia , Sommerdijk Nico A. J. M.
Published: September 2016

Review: 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tin‐Free Alternatives to the Barton—McCombie Deoxygenation of Alcohols to Alkanes Involving Reductive Electron Transfer
Authors: Chenneberg Ludwig , Ollivier Cyril
Published: September 2016

Review: 159 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Difluoromethylation, Difluoromethylenation, and Polydifluoromethylenation Reactions
Authors: Chen Bo , Vicic David A.
Published: September 2016

Review: 117 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal‐Mediated and Metal‐Catalyzed Carbon—Fluorine Bond Formation
Authors: Campbell Michael G. , Hoover Andrew J. , Ritter Tobias
Published: September 2016

Review: 199 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Nature of Metal Catalysts in Ionic Liquids: Homogeneous Vs Heterogeneous Reactions
Authors: Yan Ning
Published: September 2016

Review: 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Quinolines: A Green Perspective
Authors: Batista Vasco F. , Pinto Diana C. G. A. , Silva Artur M. S.
Published: September 2016

Review: 98 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of Cyclophellitol‐Aziridine and its Configurational and Functional Isomers
Authors: Jiang Jianbing , Artola Marta , Beenakker Thomas J. M. , Schroeder Sybrin P. , Petracca Rita , de Boer Casper , Aerts Johannes M. F. G. , van der Marel Gijsbert A. , Codee Jeroen D. C. , Overkleeft Herman S.
Published: September 2016

Review: [45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances of Cytotoxic Chalconoids Targeting Tubulin Polymerization: Synthesis and Biological Activity
Authors: Mirzaei Hassan , Emami Saeed
Published: September 2016

Review: 123 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Contemporary Developments in the Discovery of Selective Factor Xa Inhibitors: A Review
Authors: Patel Nirav R. , Patel Dushyant V. , Murumkar Prashant R. , Yadav Mange Ram
Published: September 2016

Review: 139 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Splendid Gift from the Earth: The Origins and Impact of the Avermectins (Nobel Lecture)
Authors: Omura Satoshi
Published: September 2016

Review: 146 refs.
Cervical cancer screening: How do we make sense of it all and what is the right balance?
Authors: Huh Warner K. , Andrews Jeffrey C.
Published: September 2016

Cervical cancer screening is arguably one of the greatest achievements in women's health care and cancer control within the last 50 years. However, screening recommendations have changed considerably over the past 5 years. This editorial discusses new evidence regarding the importance of viewing screening tests as a continuum and not individually, as well as future challenges and concerns regarding how to best screen women. See also pages 3682‐6.
On the Stability of Cyclophane Derivates Using a Molecular Fragmentation Method
Authors: Meitei Oinam Romesh , Heßelmann Andreas
Published: September 2016

A molecular fragmentation method is used to study the stability of cyclophane derivates by decomposing the molecular energy into the molecular strain and intramolecular interaction energies. The molecular strain energies obtained by utilising the fragmentation method are in good agreement with existing experimental data. The intramolecular interaction energies calculated as the difference between the supermolecular energy and the bonded fragment energies are repulsive in the cyclophanes studied. The nature of this interaction is studied for groups of systematically extended doubled layered paracyclophane systems using the random‐phase approximation (RPA), two recently developed extensions to the RPA and standard density functional theory (DFT) methods including dispersion corrections. Upon a systematic increase in conjugation the strongly repulsive intramolecular interaction energy reduces and thus leads to an increase in the stability. Finally, existing experimental and theoretical estimates of the molecular strain are compared with the results of this work.
Review lessons learned from a chief academic officer
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: September 2016

I was an academic dean for what seemed like a jillion years (really about 15) but have been a chief academic officer for only five‐and‐a‐half years. But in some ways it feels like 15, or a jillion. I have learned a few lessons along the way that seem worth sharing. Because I am far from perfect, some have come from the school of hard knocks. Other things I did well enough, probably because of years of being a dean and working for many chief academic officers myself. I liked the way some of them did things and didn't want to do things the way others did them. And so here are a few of my lessons learned.
Reduced aboveground tree growth associated with higher arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity in tropical forest restoration
Authors: Holste Ellen K. , Holl Karen D. , Zahawi Rakan A. , Kobe Richard K.
Published: September 2016

Establishing diverse mycorrhizal fungal communities is considered important for forest recovery, yet mycorrhizae may have complex effects on tree growth depending on the composition of fungal species present. In an effort to understand the role of mycorrhizal fungi community in forest restoration in southern Costa Rica, we sampled the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) community across eight sites that were planted with the same species (Inga edulis, Erythrina poeppigiana, Terminalia amazonia, and Vochysia guatemalensis) but varied twofold to fourfold in overall tree growth rates. The AMF community was measured in multiple ways: as percent colonization of host tree roots, by DNA isolation of the fungal species associated with the roots, and through spore density, volume, and identity in both the wet and dry seasons. Consistent with prior tropical restoration research, the majority of fungal species belonged to the genus Glomus and genus Acaulospora, accounting for more than half of the species and relative abundance found on trees roots and over 95% of spore density across all sites. Greater AMF diversity correlated with lower soil organic matter, carbon, and nitrogen concentrations and longer durations of prior pasture use across sites. Contrary to previous literature findings, AMF species diversity and spore densities were inversely related to tree growth, which may have arisen from trees facultatively increasing their associations with AMF in lower soil fertility sites. Changes to AMF community composition also may have led to variation in disturbance susceptibility, host tree nutrient acquisition, and tree growth. These results highlight the potential importance of fungal–tree–soil interactions in forest recovery and suggest that fungal community dynamics could have important implications for tree growth in disturbed soils.
Evaluation of the 2‐(1‐Hexyloxyethyl)‐2‐devinyl pyropheophorbide (HPPH) mediated photodynamic therapy by macroscopic singlet oxygen modeling
Authors: Penjweini Rozhin , Kim Michele M. , Liu Baochang , Zhu Timothy C.
Published: September 2016

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is known as a non‐invasive treatment modality that is based on photochemical reactions between oxygen, photosensitizer, and a special wavelength of light. However, a dosimetric predictor for PDT outcome is still elusive because current dosimetric quantities do not account for the differences in the PDT oxygen consumption rate for different fluence rates. In this study, we evaluate several dose metrics, total fluence, photobleaching ratio, PDT dose, and mean reacted singlet oxygen (mean [1O2]rx) for predicting the PDT outcome and a clinically relevant tumor re‐growth endpoint. For this reason, radiation‐induced fibrosarcoma (RIF) mice tumors are treated with 2‐(1‐Hexyloxyethyl)‐2‐devinyl pyropheophorbide (HPPH) and different in‐air fluences (30 J/cm2, 50 J/cm2, 135 J/cm2, 250 J/cm2, and 350 J/cm2) and in‐air fluence rates (20, 50, 75, 150 mW/cm2). Explicit measurements of HPPH and oxygen concentration as well as tissue optical properties are performed pre‐ and post‐treatment. Then, this information is incorporated into a macroscopic model to calculate the photobleaching, PDT dose, and mean [1O2]rx. Changes in tumor volume are tracked following the treatment and compared with the dose metrics. The correlation demonstrates that mean [1O2]rx serves as a better dosimetric quantity for predicting treatment outcome and a clinically relevant tumor re‐growth endpoint.

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Treatment of a Child With Obsessive‐Compulsive Disorder With Limited Motivation: Course and Outcome of Cognitive‐Behavior Therapy
Authors: Weidle Bernhard , Skarphedinsson Gudmundur
Published: September 2016

Motivation is a key ingredient in the successful treatment of pediatric obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). As a first‐line treatment, cognitive‐behavior therapy (CBT) requires extensive client engagement, including participating in exposures and doing homework tasks. A lack of motivation to comply with these tasks may seriously affect treatment outcome. This case study identifies factors interfering with motivation and illustrates motivational strategies to enhance compliance of a child with OCD. The patient was an 11‐year‐old boy with severe OCD and symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). He had extensive OCD‐related avoidance behavior but denied the presence of symptoms or did not acknowledge them as a problem. In this article, we discuss the different techniques used to enhance motivation, which subsequently led to a favorable outcome.
Modified Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Severe, Treatment‐Resistant Obsessive‐Compulsive Disorder in an Adolescent With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Krebs Georgina , Murray Kim , Jassi Amita
Published: September 2016

There is a high rate of comorbidity between obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Standard cognitive‐behavior therapy (CBT) protocols have been shown to be less effective in treating OCD in young people with ASD than in typically developing youth. This case study describes the treatment of an adolescent boy with severe, treatment‐resistant OCD and ASD using a modified CBT approach. Modifications to a standard evidence‐based CBT for OCD protocol included extended psychoeducation about anxiety; regular home‐based sessions; and increased involvement of systems, including family and school. Multi‐informant outcome data indicated significant improvements in OCD symptoms over the course of treatment with gains being maintained over a 12‐month follow‐up period. These findings demonstrate the potential efficacy of modified CBT for pediatric OCD in the context of ASD.
Intensive Treatment of Pediatric OCD: The Case of Sarah
Authors: Farrell Lara J. , Sluis Rachel , Waters Allison M.
Published: September 2016

While cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) either alone or in combination with pharmacotherapy (e.g., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) has received strong empirical support for obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD; Geller & March, 2012), this treatment is often inaccessible for children and their families. Barriers to accessing CBT include a lack of trained therapists, clinician and patient beliefs about CBT, and geographical and financial barriers (Goisman et al., 1993; Marques et al., 2010; Turner, Heyman, Futh, & Lovell, 2009). Furthermore, while the majority of therapists endorse a CBT orientation, exposure therapy is rarely used in routine clinical practice (Whiteside, Deacon, Benito, & Stewart, 2016). This case study therefore describes an intensive 2‐ or 3‐session treatment of childhood OCD (e.g., Farrell et al., 2016) to improve efficient and rapid delivery of evidence‐based treatment. The case of Sarah illustrates this intensive treatment model and highlights clinical considerations for therapists when delivery a concentrated, time‐limited treatment.
Reinventing HCV Treatment: Past and Future Perspectives
Authors: Carter Wendy , Connelly Sarah , Struble Kimberly
Published: September 2016

This review paper summarizes the epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and chronic HCV infection, including HCV virology and treatment regimens. Specifically, we focus on the evolution of past, current, and future HCV treatment options, the reasons for treatment failure, and the impact of resistance‐associated variants on treatment success.
Global antioxidant response of meat
Authors: Carrillo Celia , Barrio Ángela , del Mar Cavia María , Alonso‐Torre Sara
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND

The global antioxidant response (GAR) method uses an enzymatic digestion to release antioxidants from foods. Owing to the importance of digestion for protein breakdown and subsequent release of bioactive compounds, the aim of the present study was to compare the GAR method for meat with the existing methodologies: the extraction‐based method and QUENCHER. Seven fresh meats were analyzed using ABTS and FRAP assays.

RESULTS

Our results indicated that the GAR of meat was higher than the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assessed with the traditional extraction‐based method. When evaluated with GAR, the thermal treatment led to an increase in the TAC of the soluble fraction, contrasting with a decreased TAC after cooking measured using the extraction‐based method. The effect of thermal treatment on the TAC assessed by the QUENCHER method seemed to be dependent on the assay applied, since results from ABTS differed from FRAP.

CONCLUSION

Our results allow us to hypothesize that the activation of latent bioactive peptides along the gastrointestinal tract should be taken into consideration when evaluating the TAC of meat. Therefore, we conclude that the GAR method may be more appropriate for assessing the TAC of meat than the existing, most commonly used methods. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
A dual‐band class A/B discrete power amplifier based on multiresonant networks
Authors: Silva Fabrício. G. S. , de Lima Robson N. , Freire Raimundo C. S.
Published: September 2016

In this article, the design and implementation of a dual‐band power amplifier using multiresonant networks is presented. The measurement results have shown 50.7% and 37.2% of PAE peak efficiency at 29.6 dBm and 26.5 dBm output power, respectively, at 433 and 865 MHz. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2807–2811, 2016
Miniaturized siw‐integrated 2D DRA array for 5G MMW applications
Authors: Abdel‐Wahab Wael M. , Wang Ying , Al‐Saedi Hussam , Safavi‐Naeini
Published: September 2016

In this article, a miniaturized substrate integrated waveguide (SIW)‐integrated 2D dielectric resonator antenna array is presented. The proposed antenna array size is decreased by reducing the area occupied by the SIW feeding network. This is accomplished by folding the corporate feeding network part in a second dielectric substrate layer. The coupling between the two layers is achieved by using a transverse slot (E‐coupling) cut in the middle ground plane. The miniaturized antenna was fabricated and tested. The simulated and measured results show that the proposed miniaturized double‐layer array design provides a comparable reflection and far‐field performance compared to the single layer array design. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2804–2807, 2016
Five‐element ESPAR antenna using the annular ring slot active element
Authors: Lee Kang‐Pyo , Choi Hak‐Keun
Published: September 2016

This study proposes a five‐element electric steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna that uses annular ring slot feeding and can be applied to Beamspace MIMO communication. A typical dipole active element that can be applied to the ESPAR antenna usually has a cylindrical structure. Since the coaxial cable is located inside the cylinder, it is restricted by the diameter of the dipole. In the proposed annular ring slot active element, the annular ring slot is formed on the outer conductor, and then the inner conductor is put into the outer conductor to be fed. The typical dipole active element currently takes a cylindrical shape, and therefore has a omnidirectional pattern. Therefore, it generates identical radiation patterns, regardless of the number of parasitic elements. Moreover, in the proposed method, it is easy to undertake impedance matching that controls the length, diameter, and thickness of the slot, outer conductor, and inner conductor. Furthermore, since the dielectric cylinder is located between the outer and inner conductors, it is structurally solid. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2800–2804, 2016
Microstrip antennas for X‐band and MM‐wave frequencies based on diamond shape defected ground structure and size extension method
Authors: Saqib Rabbani Muhammad , Ghafouri‐Shiraz Hooshang
Published: September 2016

A diamond shape defected ground structure (DGS) is deployed on a higher mode rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) to improve the antenna return loss
bandwidth and fabrication tolerance at X‐band and millimeter wave (mm‐wave) frequencies. The DGS dimensions have been analyzed to study their effects on the antenna's performance. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2836–2841, 2016
A study on frequency tuning and miniaturization of a ground slotted rectangular microstrip patch antenna built with different dielectric substrates
Authors: Bhowmik A. , Chakraborty U. , Bhattacharjee A. K.
Published: September 2016

In this study, the relationship between ground slot length and operating guided wavelength of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna for different dielectric substrates is investigated. The microstrip antenna structure taken into consideration is consist of one open ended slot embedded inside the patch and one rectangular slot placed inside the ground plane. For each of the dielectric substrates (εr = 2.2, 2.4, 3.2, 3.55, 4.2, 4.4, 4.8, 6, and 8) simulation results in terms of resonance frequency, bandwidth, gain, and size reduction are found for different values of ground slot length. From the each stage of the antenna (for each dielectric substrate) the relationship between ground slot length and guided wavelength is formed by the help of simulated results and finally all these relations are combined into the proposed relationship. Four prototypes are fabricated (two prototypes using PTFE substrate and two using FR4 substrate) and tested. Good agreements are found between simulated and measured results. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2859–2864, 2016
A direct method to extract extrinsic capacitances of rf SOI MOSFETs using common source‐body and gate‐body configurations
Authors: Ahn Jahyun , Lee Seonghearn
Published: September 2016

A direct extraction method is newly proposed to determine all extrinsic capacitances including the drain‐source coupling capacitance in a buried oxide layer of RF SOI MOSFETs. This new method is based on Y‐parameter equations derived from two “off” state equivalent circuits under common source‐body and gate‐body configurations. Using this method, the gate voltage‐dependent extrinsic capacitance data are extracted and small‐signal equivalent circuit modeling is accurately performed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2851–2853, 2016
New competitive system for tomato's ripeness control
Authors: Mounkid El Afendi Mohamed , Tellache Mohamed , Tao Junwu , Wu Ii , Benmimoune Mouncef
Published: September 2016

The tomatoes production shows a fast growing in the word. The need of fast industrial process to covert the high request of the second more consumed vegetarian produced after the potatoes, have attracted a considerable interest from both academia and industry. In this article, we develop a model based on high frequency structural simulator (HFSS) to evaluate different armatures of tomatoes for real time monitoring process. Unlike previous techniques, based on image processing, the proposed study presents a new approach of tomatoes evaluation. The tomatoes color may differ from side to another, which limits such solution. The proposed system uses the microwave penetration capability in order to perform 3D tomatoes evaluation. The sensitive of dielectric variation in terms of liquids composite of tomatoes, presents a new criteria for ripeness classification. The proposed model is simulated and experimentally approved for different kinds of tomatoes samples. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2901–2905, 2016