bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The adaptive role of melanin plasticity in thermally variable environments
Authors: Britton Sarah , Davidowitz Goggy
Published: November 2023

Understanding the evolution of adaptive plasticity is fundamental to our knowledge of how organisms interact with their environments and cope with environmental change. Plasticity in melanin pigmentation is common in response to variable environments, especially thermal environments. Yet, the adaptive significance of melanin plasticity in thermally variable environments is often assumed, but rarely explicitly tested. Furthermore, understanding the role of plasticity when a trait is responsive to multiple environmental stimuli and plays many functional roles remains poorly understood. We test the hypothesis that melanin plasticity is an adaptation for thermally variable environments using Hyles lineata, the white-lined sphinx moth, which shows plasticity in melanin pigmentation during the larval stage. Melanin pigmentation influences thermal traits in H. lineata, as melanic individuals had higher heating rates and reached higher body temperatures than non-melanic individuals. Importantly, melanin pigmentation has temperature specific fitness consequences. While melanic individuals had an advantage in cold temperatures, neither phenotype had a clear fitness advantage at warm temperatures. Thus, the costs associated with melanin production may be unrelated to thermal context. Our results highlight the importance of explicitly testing the adaptive role of plasticity and considering all the factors that influence costs and benefits of plastic phenotypes across environments.

Abstract

Effect of melanin on fitness traits differs between temperature environments. While individuals with more melanin perform better in cold environments (higher survival, faster growth, larger sizes), there is no clear evidence for a fitness advantage for either phenotype in a warm environment.
The Shenzhen Congress and plant conservation: What have we accomplished in the 6 years since?
Authors: Raven Peter H. , Ouyang Zhiyun , Smith Paul , Wackernagel Mathis
Published: November 2023

At the XIX International Botanical Congress held in Shenzhen, China, in July 2017, the delegates unanimously adopted the Shenzhen Declaration on Plant Sciences in an effort to accelerate the contributions made by plant scientists for the benefit of the world′s changing society. This paper discusses what has been accomplished concerning plant conservation since the Shenzhen Declaration. Beyond the problems we faced in 2017, the global Covid pandemic and the war have presented new challenges. With the massive ecological overshoot, the number of malnourished people globally has increased. Most threats to vascular plants have increased generally over these 6 years, while the responses of the botanical community to them have continued to proceed at a relatively slow pace. Although international cooperation is needed to combat the grave challenges we face, the ease of such collaboration has decreased substantially in recent years. Certainly, rapid deforestation, especially in the tropics, and our ineffective approaches to mitigate climate change will lessen the effectiveness of our strategies to slow extinction. Indeed, our blindness to the reality of ecological overshoot and misperceptions concerning sustainability are accelerating extinction and thus destabilizing social structures and civilization. As an example, conservation in China faces serious challenges with biodiversity loss, but botanical gardens and seed banks there offer hope on ex situ conservation. The botanical and other scientific communities can contribute by drawing the attention of fellow citizens to the gravity of the problems that we face and by being actively engaged in providing solutions and carrying them forward to action.
Innovations in plant science from integrative remote sensing research: an introduction to a Virtual Issue
Authors: Cushman K. C. , Albert Loren P. , Norby Richard J. , Saatchi Sassan
Published: November 2023

This article is an Editorial to the Virtual issue on ‘Remote sensing’ that includes the following papers Chavana‐Bryant et al. (2017), Coupel‐Ledru et al. (2022), Cushman & Machado (2020), Disney (2019), D'Odorico et al. (2020), Dong et al. (2022), Fischer et al. (2019), Gamon et al. (2023), Gu et al. (2019), Guillemot et al. (2020), Jucker (2021), Koh et al. (2022), Konings et al. (2019), Kothari et al. (2023), Martini et al. (2022), Richardson (2019), Santini et al. (2021), Schimel et al. (2019), Serbin et al. (2019), Smith et al. (2019, 2020), Still et al. (2021), Stovall et al. (2021), Wang et al. (2020), Wong et al. (2020), Wu et al. (2021), Wu et al. (2017), Wu et al. (2018), Wu et al. (2019), Xu et al. (2021), Yan et al. (2021). Access the Virtual Issue at www.newphytologist.com/virtualissues.
Cones-of-Confusions: Are listeners confused? (L)
Authors: Yost William A.
Published: November 2023

Is there evidence that listeners are “confused” about sound-source location when sound sources lie on cones-of-confusion? Two experiments determined whether response times and confidence ratings, as possible indices of “confusion,” varied as a function of the frequency of occurrence of cones-of-confusion errors in azimuthal sound-source localization tasks. The results suggest that for sound-source localization judgments on an azimuth plane, there is little evidence that response times or confidence ratings vary with the frequency of occurrence of cones-of-confusion errors, consistent with the assumption that listeners are not “confused” in making sound-source location judgments when sound sources are on an azimuthal cone-of-confusion.
Sources depth estimation for a tonal source by matching the interference structure in the arrival angle domain
Authors: Qi Yubo , Zhou Shihong , Liu Changpeng
Published: November 2023

A publication by McCargar and Zurk [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 133(4), EL320–EL325 (2013)] introduced a passive source depth estimation method for a moving tonal source with a vertical line array (VLA), utilizing the depth-dependent modulation in the arrival angle domain caused by the interference between the direct and surface-reflected acoustic arrivals. Under the isovelocity approximation, this method can estimate the depth of sources at close ranges, but the depth estimation error will increase with the increase in source range, as the impact of the sound speed profile on sound propagation is ignored. This paper presents a theoretical formula for calculating the modeled interference structure in the arrival angle domain with the knowledge of the sound speed profile. By matching the measured interference structure obtained from the beamforming of the acoustic data received by the VLA with the modeled structure under different assumed source depths, the tonal source depth estimation is achieved, even for sources at the remote part of the direct arrival zone. The performance of this method is verified by simulation data, as well as experimental data radiated from a towed source and a non-cooperative passing ship.
Amazon observatory
Authors: Fraser Barbara
Published: November 2023

In Peru, a lowlands-to-peak study has revealed how climate change is affecting forests—and helped nurture young scientists
A chikungunya vaccine is likely to get approved. Who will get it?
Authors: Cohen Jon
Published: November 2023

Travelers are first, but the real need is in endemic areas
Disruption of trehalose periplasmic recycling dysregulates cAMP-CRP signaling in
Escherichia coli
during stationary phase
Authors: Jakowec Nicolaus A. , Finegan Melissa , Finkel Steven E.
Published: November 2023

Trehalose is an endogenously synthesized disaccharide that is broadly distributed in the biosphere. While recognized for its carbohydrate reserve and metabolic regulatory functions in yeast and some bacteria, trehalose’s metabolic roles in
Escherichia coli
are less well understood. Trehalose is generated intracellularly upon exposure to heat stress or osmotic stress and during stationary phase. Although trehalose is regarded primarily as an osmoprotectant and stress metabolite in
E. coli
, our investigation into the effects of disrupting normal trehalose metabolism during long-term batch culture incubation in Lennox Broth medium indicates a regulatory property of trehalose recycling under starvation stress. Disruption of the periplasmic trehalase (TreA) results in elevated resource scavenging and glucose starvation signaling, consistent with the loss of glucose flux through the glucose-specific phosphotransferase system (PTS). We postulate that trehalase-mediated catabolism of trehalose—transported into the periplasm during growth limitation in rich media—releases glucose that, when imported through the PTS, fine-tunes carbon starvation responses via cyclic AMP (cAMP)-CRP (cAMP receptor protein) signaling during stationary phase. The loss of trehalose cycling generates a pleiotropic phenotype of survival deficits in monoculture and fitness enhancements against wild-type cells in coculture experiments during the batch culture condition of Long-Term Stationary Phase (LTSP). Our model is supported by glucose analog supplementation and genetic interventions that modulate glucose starvation responses, allowing partial recovery of viability during LTSP.

IMPORTANCE

Survival during starvation hinges on the ability to manage intracellular energy reserves and to initiate appropriate metabolic responses to perturbations of such reserves. How
Escherichia coli
manage carbon storage systems under starvation stress, as well as transpose changes in intracellular metabolite levels into regulatory signals, is not well understood. Endogenous trehalose metabolism may be at the center of these processes, coupling carbon storage with carbon starvation responses. The coupled transport to the periplasm and subsequent hydrolysis of trehalose back to glucose for transport to the cytoplasm may function as a crucial metabolic signaling pathway. Although trehalose has been characterized as a stress protectant in
E. coli
, the disaccharide also functions as both an energy storage compound and a regulator of carbohydrate metabolism in fungi, plants, and other bacteria. Our research explores the metabolic regulatory properties of trehalose in
E. coli
and a potential mechanism by which the intracellular carbon pool is interconnected with regulatory circuits, enabling long-term survival.
The bipartite promoter of
Orthonairovirus hazaraense
large segment
Authors: Saka Naoki , Ohta Keisuke , Kolakofsky Daniel , Nishio Machiko
Published: November 2023

Orthonairovirus hazaraense
is a member of the
Orthonairovirus
genus of the
Nairoviridae
that contains tri-segmented negative-strand RNA genomes with bipartite promoters for RNA synthesis. These promoters contain both virus-specific and segment-specific elements, the latter of which is apparently distinguished only by its ability to form a short double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) between the two ends of each genome segment as they emerge from the viral polymerase (the promoter duplex), to which the virus-specific elements are bound. Examination of the length and nucleotide composition of this duplex in a reporter minigenome system suggests that this promoter element acts via its separated single strands as well as dsRNA.

IMPORTANCE

The realization that segmented negative-strand RNA virus genome ribonucleoproteins are never free as their RNA ends are always bound to the viral polymerase has highlighted the problem of how these genome segments are replicated and express their mRNAs while their RNA ends remain associated with the polymerase throughout the cycles of RNA synthesis. This study of the length and nucleotide composition of the
Orthonairovirus hazaraense
L segment-specific double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) promoter element (the promoter duplex) provides insight into how its mRNA might be initiated and suggests that this promoter element acts via its separated single strands as well as via dsRNA.
COVID-19 pandemic and language development in children at 18 months: a repeated cross-sectional study over a 6-year period in Japan
Authors: Matsuo Rumi , Matsumoto Naomi , Mitsuhashi Toshiharu , Yorifuji Takashi
Published: November 2023

Objective

To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic experience on language development among children, we compared language development at 18 months of age, before and during the pandemic in Japan, where strict control measures continued over a long period.

Methods

This was a repeated cross-sectional study and we included children who attended the 18-month health check-up provided by the Okayama City Public Health Center between January 2017 and December 2022 (n=33 484). We compared indicators of language development before (from January 2017 to February 2020) and during (from March 2020 to December 2022) the pandemic. Our primary outcome was the proportion of children who required follow-up for language development by the Public Health Center. The secondary outcome was the proportion of children who could not say three or more meaningful words. We estimated risk ratios (RRs) and their 95% CIs, adjusted for potential confounders.

Results

The prevalence of the primary outcome was 33.5% before the pandemic and 36% during the pandemic. Compared with before the pandemic, increased RRs for the primary and secondary outcomes were observed during the pandemic, with RRs (95% CIs) of 1.09 (1.06–1.13) for the primary outcome and 1.11 (1.05–1.17) for the secondary outcome. Although the statistical interactions were not significant, the RRs were higher for children cared for at home than those in nursery schools and with ≤3 family members than those with ≥4 family members.

Conclusions

The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an increased risk of impaired language development in children at 18 months. More extensive support is needed for higher risk families, as well as follow-up of long-term language development in children affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
On the re-evaluation of the clamped members stiffness of bolted joints
Authors: Rousseau Rashique Iftekhar , Bouzid Abdel-Hakim , Zhao Zijian
Published: November 2023

To address the structural integrity of bolted joints and verify their capacity to withstand external loads and relaxation resulting from thermal expansion difference and creep, proper evaluation of the axial stiffnesses of bolt and clamped members are of vital importance. A number of finite element (FE) based methods are available for the calculation of the stiffnesses of joint elements, most of which rely on the displacement of arbitrarily selected nodes that has led to the improper evaluation of joint stiffness values. In this paper, the stiffness of clamped members is evaluated by a simple FE methodology using a known bolt stiffness evaluated separately. Two load cases, one based on the application of external force (mechanical loading) and the other on temperature (thermal loading), are conducted using the FE method to validate the obtained results. The proposed methodology is also compared with other FE models and analytical methods obtained from the literature. The new technique is based on axisymmetric FE modeling and is applied to bolted joints with bolts ranging from M6 to M36 having various grip lengths. Finally, the stiffnesses of the bolt and clamped members can be determined accurately, and a general formula is proposed to evaluate the stiffness of clamped members.
Bias Mitigation for Machine Learning Classifiers: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Hort Max , Chen Zhenpeng , Zhang Jie M. , Harman Mark , Sarro Federica
Published: November 2023

This article provides a comprehensive survey of bias mitigation methods for achieving fairness in Machine Learning (ML) models. We collect a total of 341 publications concerning bias mitigation for ML classifiers. These methods can be distinguished based on their intervention procedure (i.e., pre-processing, in-processing, post-processing) and the technique they apply. We investigate how existing bias mitigation methods are evaluated in the literature. In particular, we consider datasets, metrics, and benchmarking. Based on the gathered insights (e.g., What is the most popular fairness metric? How many datasets are used for evaluating bias mitigation methods?), we hope to support practitioners in making informed choices when developing and evaluating new bias mitigation methods.
CRS-Que
: A User-centric Evaluation Framework for Conversational Recommender Systems
Authors: Jin Yucheng , Chen Li , Cai Wanling , Zhao Xianglin
Published: November 2023

An increasing number of recommendation systems try to enhance the overall user experience by incorporating conversational interaction. However, evaluating conversational recommender systems (CRSs) from the user’s perspective remains elusive. The GUI-based system evaluation criteria may be inadequate for their conversational counterparts. This article presents our proposed unifying framework,

CRS-Que

, to evaluate the user experience of CRSs. This new evaluation framework is developed based on
ResQue
, a popular user-centric evaluation framework for recommender systems. Additionally, it includes user experience metrics of conversation (e.g., understanding, response quality, humanness) under two dimensions of
ResQue
(i.e., Perceived Qualities and User Beliefs). Following the psychometric modeling method, we validate our framework by evaluating two conversational recommender systems in different scenarios:
music exploration
and
mobile phone purchase
. The results of the two studies support the validity and reliability of the constructs in our framework and reveal how conversation constructs and recommendation constructs interact and influence the overall user experience of the CRS. We believe this framework could help researchers conduct standardized user-centric research for conversational recommender systems and provide practitioners with insights into designing and evaluating a CRS from users’ perspectives.
Physiological Characteristics of a 92-Year-Old 4-time World Champion Indoor Rower
Authors: Daly Lorcan S. , Van Hooren Bas , Jakeman Philip
Published: November 2023

This study assessed the physiological, performance, nutritional intake, and training characteristics of a 92-year-old 4-time master world champion indoor male rower. Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance. Oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, ventilation and heart rate were measured at rest and during a 2000 m time trial on a rowing ergometer. Maximal power was assessed to compute anaerobic power reserve. Training included ≈ 30 km.week-1 on the rowing ergometer. Herein, 70% of distances were covered at light intensities (RPE 10-12), 20% at hard (RPE 13-17) and 10% at near maximal or maximal (RPE 17-20). Resistance training was performed during ≈ 2 sessions.week-1, and involved 3 sets of dumbbell lunges, rows and curls, respectively, taken close (or to) failure. Dietary intake was high in protein (2.3±0.1 g.kg-1 lean body mass [LBM]), conferring a caloric intake of 33.4±1.7 kcal.kg-1 LBM. The participant demonstrated muscle mass of 47.7 kg, fat mass of 9.1 kg (15.4% body fat), forced vital capacity of 3.36 L, time constant (ᵰF;) to steady state of 30.2 s, peak relative oxygen pulse of 0.18 ([ml O2./beat.min-1]/kg), peak heart rate of 153 beats.min-1 and maximum power of 220 W (140 W anaerobic power reserve). This 92-year-old-athlete demonstrated remarkably fast oxygen uptake kinetics, akin to values for a healthy young adult, indicating well-developed and/or maintained cardiopulmonary function. The high values for cardiopulmonary function, muscle mass, metabolic efficiency and maximum power output may infer the pliability of these systems to maintain high functionality at an advanced age.
Fixed-Point Results for Generalized Rational Contractions in Graphical b-Metric Spaces with Applications
Authors: Albargi Amer Hassan
Published: November 2023

The aim of this paper is to define generalized rational contractions in the setting of graphical

b

-metric spaces and obtain some fixed-point theorems. Our results are significant generalizations and extensions of some well-known results in the existing theory. We also supply a nontrivial example to show the validity of the obtained theorems. As applications, we obtain some results on rational expressions in the background of graphical metric spaces.
A Case of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Mimicking Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm: Utility of the Proposed Upcoming WHO-5 Diagnostic Criteria
Authors: Jhajj Bhvaneet , Henrie Ryan , El-Khalidy Youness , Moshref Razavi Habib
Published: November 2023

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy which is associated with a distinctive morphologic appearance. However, the morphology is not specific, and diagnostic characterization requires integration of immunophenotypic and genetic testing. We herein report a case of a 35-year-old female patient who presented with worsening cytopenia. A bone marrow aspirate identified medium-sized blastic cells with perinuclear microvacuoles (“pearl neckless”). Occasional blasts demonstrated a “hand mirror” appearance. Tandem flow cytometry showed an atypical population of dim CD45 events with expression of CD4, CD56, CD117, CD123, and monocytic markers such as CD64. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed evidence of a KMT2A rearrangement with an unknown partner on chromosome 19. Expression of MPO and muramidase was present. The final diagnosis was acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL). Due to the overlapping features of acute myeloid leukemia and BPDCN, the 5th Edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours provides new criteria for the diagnosis of BPDCN. Our case highlights the utility of these criteria.
Perpetuação, Resiliência e as formas do Kendô
Authors: Takahashi Rafael Itsuo , Oliveira Lucas Lins , Tsukamoto Mariana Harumi Cruz
Published: November 2023

A partir de evidências de diálogo com os povos vizinhos no desenvolvimento das tradições artísticas do Japão, vemos o método de ensino pelo “kata”, em específico no Kendô e suas formas Nippon Kendô Kata e Bokutô-ni-yoru Kendô Kihon-waza Keiko-hô, como um exercício de perpetuação de uma prática em intensa transformação. Para isso, são recuperadas as formas de grafia em ideograma da romanização “kata” e são lidos relatos de praticantes do teatro nô e do shodô sobre as suas experiências com o “kata”. Por fim para uma reflexão sobre aprendizagem e perpetuação do Kendô moderno, são pontualmente retomados o conceito de Kendô 剣道 pela All Japan Kendo Federation e o contexto de produção dos dois conjuntos de formas do Kendô.
Entrevista com Mayuzumi Madoka
Authors: Tavares Débora Fernandes , Nagae Neide Hissae , Viana Nicholas Brendon Lemos
Published: November 2023

Apresentamos a seguir entrevista realizada com a haicaísta japonesa Mayuzumi Madoka (Kanagawa, 1962~). Sua trajetória de escrita do haiku vai além dos habituais caminhos literários, uma vez que  inclui cerca de 2.700 quilômetros de peregrinações que a autora realizou em  diferentes locais: Santiago de Compostela, Busan, Seul e Shikoku. 

A haicaísta compreende essas longas jornadas como momentos importantes de contemplação e de percepção da natureza e da vida, condições essenciais para a escrita do haiku.  

Autora de diversos livros, em 2002 Mayuzumi recebeu o “Prêmio Literário Yamamoto Kenkichi” pela obra "Kyoto no Koi".

Diante da pandemia do Coronavírus, em 2020, criou o projeto "Kyoto x Haiku", objetivando a integração de diversos povos através da escrita poética. O projeto ainda hoje conta com a participação de haicaístas de diversos países. 

Em 2021, participou de um evento online onde realizou uma palestra sobre haiku dirigida ao público brasileiro em geral e obteve contato com poemas compostos por haicaístas de diversas regiões do Brasil. 

Mayuzumi Madoka é atualmente presidente da "World Online Haiku Association”.
Opiniões sem discussões públicas
Authors: Paraventi Ágatha Camargo
Published: November 2023

Resenha
Opinião Pública, comunicação e organizações: convergências e perspectivas contemporâneas
A música de Rio, 40 Graus
Authors: Segreto Marcelo
Published: November 2023

A trilha sonora de Rio, 40 graus (1955), de Nelson Pereira dos Santos, compõe-se de obras compostas por Radamés Gnattali e canções populares do sambista Zé Keti. A música de Gnattali é executada predominantemente por orquestra de cordas e sopros, sobretudo madeiras (flauta e clarinete baixo). Temos, no entanto, a presença dos metais e da percussão (ou bateria de música popular) no trecho inicial do filme. Em termos de composição e orquestração, são partituras que se aproximam de uma sonoridade presente nos arranjos de canções populares produzidos para o rádio, veículo que na década de 1950 alcançava o seu auge no Brasil. Dessa maneira, Gnattali, arranjador da Rádio Nacional, traz para o filme uma sonoridade familiar aos cariocas, o que contribui para fortalecer a proposta do diretor: retratar um dia na vida do Rio de Janeiro, tentando aproximar-se do cotidiano do povo desta cidade. Como os próprios letreiros iniciais nos indicam: “Nelson Pereira dos Santos apresenta”, “A cidade de São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro”, “em Rio 40 graus”. A escolha de canções do compositor Zé Keti não deixa de ser igualmente interessante. Sobretudo se pensarmos que este sambista será figura central do show Opinião, espetáculo musical ligado ao CPC (Centro Popular de Cultura), que compartilha a mesma ideologia de esquerda proposta pelo filme de Nelson Pereira dos Santos.
Da mise en scène cinematográfica
Authors: Müller Marcelo Rodrigo Mingoti
Published: November 2023

By seeking a conceptual strategy that assists in the analysis of the construction of the mise en scène in the filmmaking process, the article explores some concepts used by theorists, critics and filmmakers to observe the chosen strategies by the directors in the determination and organization of the elements of the frame film.
Baixa de Lisboa em Belarmino, de Fernando Lopes
Authors: Hanashiro Fabiana Mie
Published: November 2023

Em Belarmino, Fernando Lopes constrói um retrato que desnaturaliza a imagem do lutador de boxe como mero objeto de espetacularização. Embora a decadência física e a precariedade social estejam presentes, o personagem afirma-se como sujeito de sua condição através de uma narrativa por vezes contraditória. Apesar da forma documental aparentemente clássica – entrevista, encenação do cotidiano, imagens de arquivo, voz off – o realizador antecipa dispositivos do cinema moderno que diluem a separação entre o real e a ficção, como por exemplo nas passagens em que as pessoas olham diretamente para a câmera, o uso de locações, a explicitação do processo cinematográfico, a participação de atores não profissionais e o olhar atento para os pequenos acontecimentos na vida de um homem comum. Esta desnaturalização estende-se à fruição da cidade, que é retratada a partir da cartografia particular de Belarmino.
A cor digital
Authors: Misek Richard
Published: November 2023

A unidade básica de imagens digitais é o pixel. Um pixel pode ser definido como uma unidade de valor cromático atribuída a um local específico da tela. Em um nível tecnológico, todas as imagens digitais incluem por consequência cor digital. A maneira com que eu me refiro à cor digital neste capítulo, contudo, é mais específica. Refiro-me a ela como a cor que resulta quando os valores cromáticos de uma imagem são manipulados digitalmente. A cor digital se tornou proeminente nas mídias dominantes nos anos 1990. Em retrospecto, Thomas Elsaesser notou no final daquela década que os anos 1990 haviam trazido uma grande mudança na divisão do trabalho dentro da indústria cinematográfica, principalmente no que diz respeito à pós-produção. Desde então, a quantidade de dinheiro e tempo gastos na pós-produção cresceram tanto que a produção pode algumas vezes ser considerada pouco mais do que uma fase preparatória no processo de conclusão de um filme.
Appropriating Memories: Home Movies and Spatial Montage
Authors: Proctor Jennifer
Published: November 2023

Meaning in home movies if often limited for viewers who were not involved with the original event recorded on film. However, the advent of new media technologies and grammars, together with a shift from private viewing to online, public exhibition, has enabled the home movie to be re-contextualized into a more accessible experience for a range of audiences. The emphasis on preserving memory in the home movie, together with the role of (computer) memory in a digital age, open up rich possibilities for new kinds of meaning-making when these forms intersect.
O direito autoral apreendido pela citação / uma outra história do século XX
Authors: Cassagnau Pascale
Published: November 2023

Em seu saboroso artigo intitulado Plágio por antecipação (2009), Pierre Bayard faz do anacronismo um método de análise da literatura ou da arte (Fra Angelico plagiou a técnica desenvolvida alguns séculos depois por Jackson Pollock, Sófocles copiou Freud, Voltaire copiou Conan Doyle e Kafka copiou Beckett) para estabelecer ressonâncias entre os textos a partir da figura do plágio. Delito que repousa sobre um empréstimo de uma ideia ou de um texto sem o conhecimento de seu autor, o plágio sinaliza tanto uma semelhança entre duas entidades quanto uma sutil diferença que indica que o texto de empréstimo não pertence ao contexto no qual aparece. Pierre Bayard opta por evidenciar essa dissonância ao tratar do plágio por antecipação, indicando uma problemática estética fundamental: o empréstimo, a citação, o jogo de referências comprovadas. Haveria, de certa forma, autores que se inspirariam em obras posteriores.
Visual Essays: Origins of Film
Authors: Razutis Al
Published: November 2023

Estes seis ensaios sobre a história do cinema/imagem reconstroem a história do cinema reimaginando suas origens, e suas poesias, e usam os próprios filmes históricos (como “texto”) para fornecer significados às suas criações. Juntos, esses ensaios fílmicos compõem uma investigação crítica/estrutural do cinema silencioso terminando com as obras de Sergei Eisenstein (para Stálin), e passando por Lumière e Meliès, pelo surrealismo e pelo horror, da montagem à propaganda, reinventando épocas no cinema que se tornaram sua linguagem e cultura.
Sorria para Kádár: filmes de família e reescritura da história na série socialismo particular de Péter Forgács
Authors: Rodovalho Beatriz
Published: November 2023

Since the end of the communist era, the artist and filmmaker Péter Forgács reappropriates amateur films in order to question and rewrite European history through other perspectives. This article proposes to analyse how the reediting of intimate visual memories and stories reshape the collective perception of the past in Forgács’s series Private Socialism: Either-Or (1989), Kádár’s Kiss (1997), and Class Lot (1997). In these films, how do amateur images renegotiate in the present the private and public tensions that determined life during socialism in Hungary?
Some reflections on the methodology of philosophy
Authors: Moulines C. Ulises
Published: November 2023

The metaphilosophical thesis is put forth that the three main areas of any serious philosophical reflection are: ontology, epistemology, and (philosophical) semantics. To some extent, they can be dealt with independently from each other, but on a certain level of sophistication in the analysis, their mutual relationships have to be taken into account.
Ceticismo e Filosofia Analítica
Authors: Marcondes Danilo
Published: November 2023

Esse texto propõe a consideração da Filosofia Analítica como herdeira das questões céticas antigas e moderna em sua discussão sobretudo no campo da epistemologia. Seguimos então a hipótese de que no início da Modernidade a retomada do ceticismo antigo levou ao desenvolvimento ceticismo moderno que por sua vez abriu caminho para o antidogmatismo e o pensamento crítico característicos da Filosofia Analítica contemporânea.
Singularity and Coordination Problems: Pandemic Lessons from 2020
Authors: Oliveira Nythamar de , Corrêa Nicholas Kluge
Published: November 2023

Are there any indications that a Technological Singularity may be on the horizon? In trying to answer these questions, the authors made a small introduction to the area of safety research in artificial intelligence. The authors review some of the current paradigms in the development of autonomous intelligent systems, searching for evidence that may indicate the coming of a possible Technological Singularity. Finally, the authors present a reflection using the COVID-19 pandemic, something that showed that global society's biggest problem in managing existential risks is its lack of coordination skills as a global society.
Moral and political dilemmas at the time of the coronavirus pandemic the role of the philosophical thinking
Authors: Virvidakis Stelios
Published: November 2023

In this paper I propose a philosophical analysis of serious moral and politicaldilemmas we have been confronted with during the period of the pandemic of Covid-19, before and after the availabiity of vaccines. I draw on a variety of normative theories, mostly from moral philosophy, and try to provide a comparative assessment of the application of consequentialist and deontological principles, as well as of concepts of virtue ethics, with a view to highlighting their complementarity.
Taxonomy of the leafhopper genus Adama (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Selenocephalini: Adamina) with description of a new species from Botswana
Authors: XU DELIANG , ZHANG YALIN
Published: November 2023

The leafhopper genus Adama is reviewed with the description of a new species, Adama (Zinjella) serriformis sp. nov., from Botswana. An updated checklist with distributions and a key to species of this subgenus are also provided. The type specimen of this new species is deposited in the Natural History Museum, London, U.K. (BMNH).
Numerical and experimental analysis in seismic performance of post-earthquake reinforced concrete frame retrofitted with ECC
Authors: Ren Hongmei , Zhang Fuwen , Mao Chenxi , Fan Qiaoqiao , Lu Zheng
Published: November 2023

In order to further demonstrate the effectiveness of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) in repairing and strengthening the post-earthquake damaged structure, at the overall structural level, experimental and numerical comparative analysis of structural seismic performance before and after “retrofitted with ECC” is conducted in this paper. A 1:2-scale reinforced concrete frame is tested under cyclic reversed loading and a new ECC material’s constitutive model is proposed in this paper for improving the accuracy and feasibility of numerical modelling. The modelling method and newly proposed constitutive model of ECC has been demonstrated to be workable and accurate. Based on numerical and experimental data, the increase of the average yielding displacement after the installation of ECC is relatively significant (80.4% to 156.4%), and the repairing method using ECC in post-earthquake damaged RC frame can restore and even exceed the original frame’s load bearing capacity. Comparing the ultimate inter-story drift ratio, the ratio with ECC is about 31.0% higher, indicating that ECC has good deformation capacity and the usage of ECC is indeed an effective method to improve deformation capacity in repairing and strengthening post-earthquake damaged structures. The results confirm the effectiveness and superiority of retrofitting ECC in post-earthquake damaged structures for the reason that the repaired structure can reach the same level of seismic performance as the original structure. The “repairable” characteristic can be used in the design of earthquake resilient structures.
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition changes in nonsmall cell lung cancer patients with early COPD
Authors: Lu Wenying , Eapen Mathew Suji , Hardikar Ashutosh , Chia Collin , Robertson Iain , Singhera Gurpreet Kaur , Hackett Tillie L. , Sohal Sukhwinder Singh
Published: November 2023

Background

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) might be central to lung cancer development in smokers and COPD. We illustrate EMT changes in a broader demographic of patient groups who were diagnosed with nonsmall cell lung cancer (adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma). These included COPD current and ex-smokers, patients with small airway disease and normal lung function smokers compared to normal controls.

Methods

We had access to surgically resected small airway tissue from 46 subjects and assessed for airway wall thickness and immunohistochemically for the EMT biomarkers E-cadherin, N-cadherin, S100A4, vimentin and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). All tissue analysis was done with a computer and microscope-assisted Image-Pro Plus 7.0 software.

Results

Airway wall thickness significantly increased across all pathological groups (p<0.05) compared to normal controls. Small airway epithelial E-cadherin expression markedly decreased (p<0.01), and increases in N-cadherin, vimentin, S100A4 and EGFR expression were observed in all pathological groups compared to normal controls (p<0.01). Vimentin-positive cells in the reticular basement membrane, lamina propria and adventitia showed a similar trend to epithelium across all pathological groups (p<0.05); however, such changes were only observed in reticular basement membrane for S100A4 (p<0.05). Vimentin was higher in adenocarcinomaversussquamous cell carcinoma; in contrast, S100A4 was higher in the squamous cell carcinoma group. EGFR and N-cadherin expression in both phenotypes was markedly higher than E-cadherin, vimentin and S100A4 (p<0.0001).

Conclusion

EMT is an active process in the small airway of smokers and COPD diagnosed with nonsmall cell lung cancer, contributing to small airway remodelling and cancer development as seen in these patients.
Anionic polymer-coated magnetic nanocomposites for immobilization with palladium nanoparticles as catalysts for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol
Authors: Mahanitipong Usana , Tummachote Jakkrit , Thoopbucha Wachirawit , Inthanusorn Wasawat , Rutnakornpituk Metha
Published: November 2023

This study focuses on the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles (MNP) coated with poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (PPEGMA) and/or poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) to anchor palladium nanoparticles (Pd) for their application as recyclable catalysts in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4NP). It was hypothesized that the abundance of oxygen atoms in PPEGMA enabled coordination with the Pd and provided good water dispersibility of the nanocomposites, while anionic PAA stabilized Pd and reduced the catalyst aggregation through electrostatic repulsion. Three different polymer coatings on MNP (PAA, PPEGMA, and PAA-co-PPEGMA polymers) were investigated to assess their influence on both the catalytic activity and reusability of the catalysts. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis indicated the distribution of spherical Pd nanoparticles (3–5 nm in diameter) and MNP (9–12 nm in diameter). Photocorrelation spectroscopy (PCS) revealed an average hydrodynamic size of the catalysts ranging from 540 to 875 nm in diameter, with a negative charge on their surface. The Pd content of the catalysts ranged from 4.30 to 6.33% w/w. The nanocomposites coated with PAA-co-PPEGMA polymers exhibited more favorable catalytic activity in the 4NP reduction than those coated with PAA or PPEGMA homopolymers. Interestingly, those containing PAA (e.g., PAA and PAA-co-PPEGMA polymers) exhibited good reusability for the 4NP reduction with a slight decrease in their catalytic performance after 26 cycles. This indicates the important role of carboxyl groups in PAA in maintaining high tolerance after multiple uses.

Graphical abstract
Emergency medicine in Nepal: are we going the right way and fast enough?
Authors: Bhandari Sanjeeb S. , Adhikari Subarna
Published: November 2023

Nepal is a landlocked country with variable topography including the world’s tallest mountains, tropical forests, and Gangetic plains. This topography leads to diverse healthcare needs, from tropical diseases in plains, to road traffic accidents in hills, and to disaster-related emergencies from floods and landslides during monsoon season and unpredictable earthquakes. Emergency medicine care is underdeveloped and is currently being provided by general practitioners. The capital city Kathmandu has a few tertiary healthcare centers with emergency medicine fellowship-trained general practitioners staffing them, but most of the hospitals outside of Kathmandu are staffed by minimally trained or untrained medical officers. Even though emergency medicine is recognized as a specialty, Nepal still does not have an emergency medicine residency training program. To improve emergency care in the country, the government of Nepal should be focused on facilitating the start of emergency medicine residency in Nepal.

Graphical Abstract
Predicting active enhancers with DNA methylation and histone modification
Authors: Luo Ximei , Li Qun , Tang Yifan , Liu Yan , Zou Quan , Zheng Jie , Zhang Ying , Xu Lei
Published: November 2023

Background

Enhancers play a crucial role in gene regulation, and some active enhancers produce noncoding RNAs known as enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) bi-directionally. The most commonly used method for detecting eRNAs is CAGE-seq, but the instability of eRNAs in vivo leads to data noise in sequencing results. Unfortunately, there is currently a lack of research focused on the noise inherent in CAGE-seq data, and few approaches have been developed for predicting eRNAs. Bridging this gap and developing widely applicable eRNA prediction models is of utmost importance.

Results

In this study, we proposed a method to reduce false positives in the identification of eRNAs by adjusting the statistical distribution of expression levels. We also developed eRNA prediction models using joint gene expressions, DNA methylation, and histone modification. These models achieved impressive performance with an AUC value of approximately 0.95 for intra-cell prediction and 0.9 for cross-cell prediction.

Conclusions

Our method effectively attenuates the noise generated by stochastic RNA production, resulting in more accurate detection of eRNAs. Furthermore, our eRNA prediction model exhibited significant accuracy in both intra-cell and cross-cell validation, highlighting its robustness and potential application in various cellular contexts.
Large-scale phosphoproteome analysis in wheat seedling leaves provides evidence for extensive phosphorylation of regulatory proteins during CWMV infection
Authors: Chen Lu , Yang Jin , Hu Haichao , Jiang Yaoyao , Feng Lixiao , Liu Jiaqian , Zhong Kaili , Liu Peng , Ma Youzhi , Chen Ming , Yang Jian
Published: November 2023

Background

Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV) often causes severe damage to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and yield. It is well known that a successful infection in plants depends on a complex interaction between the host plant and the pathogen. Post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins is considered to be one of the main processes that decides the outcome of the plant-pathogen arms race during this interaction. Although numerous studies have investigated PTM in various organisms, there has been no large-scale phosphoproteomic analysis of virus-infected wheat plants. We therefore aimed to investigate the CWMV infection-induced phosphoproteomics changes in wheat by high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC–MS/MS) using affinity-enriched peptides followed by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis.

Results

Through this study, a total of 4095 phosphorylation sites have been identified in 1968 proteins, and 11.6% of the phosphorylated proteins exhibited significant changes (PSPCs) in their phosphorylation levels upon CWMV infection. The result of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that most of the PSPCs were associated with photosynthesis, plant-pathogen interactions, and MAPK signaling pathways. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis result showed that these PSPCs were mainly participated in the regulation of biosynthesis and metabolism, protein kinase activities, and transcription factors. Furthermore, the phosphorylation levels of TaChi1 and TaP5CS, two plant immunity-related enzymes, were significantly changed upon CWMV infection, resulting in a significant decrease in CWMV accumulation in the infected plants.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that phosphorylation modification of protein plays a critical role in wheat resistance to CWMV infection. Upon CWMV infection, wheat plants will regulate the levels of extra- and intra-cellular signals and modifications of enzyme activities via protein phosphorylation. This novel information about the strategies used by wheat to resist CWMV infection will help researchers to breed new CWMV-resistant cultivars and to better understand the arms race between wheat and CWMV.
Anti-proliferative activity of RIHMS-Qi-23 against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line is through inhibition of cell proliferation and senescence but not inhibition of targeted kinases
Authors: El-Gamal Randa , Elfarrash Sara , EL-Nablaway Mohammad , Salem Asmaa Ahmed , Zaraei Seyed-Omar , Anbar Hanan S. , Shoma Ashraf , El-Gamal Mohammed I.
Published: November 2023

Background

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy globally, and is considered a major cause of cancer-related death. Tremendous effort is exerted to identify an optimal anticancer drug with limited side effects. The quinoline derivative RIMHS-Qi-23 had a wide-spectrum antiproliferative activity against various types of cancer cells.

Methods

In the current study, the effect of RIMHS-Qi-23 was tested on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line to evaluate its anticancer efficacy in comparison to the reference compound doxorubicin.

Results

Our data suggest an anti-proliferative effect of RIMHS-Qi-23 on the MCF-7 cell line with superior potency and selectivity compared to doxorubicin. Our mechanistic study suggested that the anti-proliferative effect of RIMHS-Qi-23 against MCF-7 cell line is not through targeted kinase inhibition but through other molecular machinery targeting cell proliferation and senescence such as cyclophlin A, p62, and LC3.

Conclusion

RIMHS-Qi-23 is exerting an anti-proliferative effect that is more potent and selective than doxorubicin.