bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HIV positive status disclosure to a sexual partner: the influence of marital status and partner communication
Authors: ADENIYI OLADELE VINCENT , Nwogwugwu Charlotte , Ajayi Anthony Idowu , Lambert John
Published: June 2020

Background: Disclosure of HIV serostatus to sexual partner does not only facilitate partner's support and testing, but it also correlates with better treatment outcomes. We drew from a cross-sectional survey conducted among postpartum women with HIV to examine the rate of serostatus disclosure to sexual partners, the influence of relationship status, and knowing one's partner's status on disclosure and reasons for non-disclosure. Methods: We conducted telephonic interviews with a final sample of 485 postpartum women with HIV drawn from the East London Prospective Cohort study database between January and May 2018. Disclosure of HIV status to partner was based on self-reporting. We fitted adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression models and also conducted descriptive statistical analyses. Results: Overall, 82.5% of the respondents had disclosed their status to their partners. After adjusting for important covariates (age, education level, employment status, number of years since HIV diagnosis, alcohol use and smoking behaviour), being married [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.66; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.17-6.05] and knowing one's partner's status [AOR: 46.91; 95% CI:19.50-112.81] were significantly associated with a higher odds of having disclosed HIV status to sexual partners. Fear of rejection, stigma or being judged, new or casual relationships, and having a violent partner were the main reasons for not disclosing HIV status to sexual partners. Conclusion: We found a relatively high rate of HIV status disclosure in the cohort. Being married and having open communication with a partner about HIV status are important factors facilitating disclosure to sexual partners.
Quantifying the effects of combination trastuzumab and radiation therapy in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive breast cancer
Authors: Bloom Meghan J , Song Patrick N , Virostko John , Yankeelov Thomas E , Sorace Anna G
Published: June 2020

Background: Trastuzumab, a clinical antibody targeted to the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), has been shown to sensitize cells to radiation in vitro. Current studies lack longitudinal evaluation of cellular response and in vivo data is limited. The purpose of this study is to quantify the effects of combination trastuzumab and radiation therapy in vitro and in vivo over time to determine if there is a synergistic interaction. Methods: EGFP expressing BT474, SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines were treated with 0.1 ng/ml of trastuzumab, 5 or 10 Gy of radiation, or combination treatment, and imaged using fluorescence live cell microscopy for one week. The Bliss independence model was used to quantify the effects of combination treatment. HER2+ tumor bearing mice (female NU/J) (N=34) were treated with saline, 10 mg/kg of trastuzumab, 5 or 10 Gy of radiation, or combination treatment. Tumor size was measured three times per week for four weeks via caliper measurements. Additional mice (N=13) were treated with 10 mg/kg of trastuzumab, 5 Gy of radiation, or combination treatment. Tumors were harvested at one week and evaluated with immunohistochemistry for inflammation (CD45), vascularity (CD31 and α-SMA), and hypoxia (pimonidazole). Results: Altering the order of therapies did not significantly affect BT474 cell proliferation in vitro (P>0.05). The interaction index calculations revealed additive effects of trastuzumab and radiation treatment in all three cell lines in vitro. In vivo results revealed significant differences in tumor response between mice treated with 5 and 10 Gy single agent radiation (P < 0.001); however, no difference was seen in the combination groups when trastuzumab was added to the radiation regimen (P=0.56), indicating a lower dose of radiation could be used without decreasing therapeutic efficacy. Histology results revealed increases in inflammation (CD45+) in mice receiving trastuzumab (P<0.05). Conclusions: Longitudinal evaluation of cell proliferation in vitro showed additive effects of combination therapy. In vivo results show a potential to achieve the same efficacy of treatment with reduced radiation when also administering trastuzumab. Further evaluation of tumor microenvironmental alterations during treatment could identify mechanisms of increased therapeutic efficacy in this regimen.
Finite Element Analysis of Stability of Internal Fixation Reconstruction Methods for Lumbar Total Vertebral Resection
Authors: Wan Shengcheng , Wu Zhaoyi , Cao Yuanwu , Jiang Xiaoxing , Chen Zixian , Feng Zhenzhou , Jiang Chun
Published: June 2020

Objective To compare the effect of different fixation methods on spinal stability after total en bloc spondylectomy(TES) of lumbar spine.Method The finite element models were established based on the CT scan of a healthy volunteer. After the validity of the models was confirmed, the models with different posterior fixation methods of the lumbar spine were established with and without the artificial vertebral body, respectively. The motions of flexion, extension, lateral bending and rotation under supine and standing conditions were simulated. The angular displacement of T11-L3 and stress of internal fixations were compared and analyzed.Results The finite element models of spinal reconstruction after TES were obtained. When the anterior support existed, the movement of the spine after TES was not affected by the gravity of the upper body. The movements in the opposite direction on the same plane were similar. All three methods provided enough stability to the spine. The improved short-segment fixation shared stress of the artificial vertebral body with no obvious negative effect. The long-segment fixation had stronger fixation effect with the huge loss of the range of motion of lumbar spine. When the anterior support failed, obvious rotation showed in lateral bending in all models. The short-segment fixation and the long-segment fixation failed to maintain the spinal stability with fixations breakage or functional loss. The improved short-segment fixations showed strong ability in maintaining the spinal stability. The vertebral body screws can prevent the failure of anterior fixation by sharing great stress of the whole internal fixation system. The improved short-segment had huge advantages over the others.Conclusion After TES, the improved short-segment fixation can provide more stability to the spine. The vertebral body screws can prevent the failure of the internal fixation by reducing the stress of the anterior support. This fixation method should be promoted in clinical practice while the effect requires more observation.
Influenza Outbreak Among Students in Ghana: a Report From Three Time Points
Authors: Sylverken Augustina Angelina , Owusu Michael , Yeboah Richmond , El-Duah Philip , Gorman Richmond , Bonney Joseph Kofi , Aryeetey Sherihane , Adu Eric , Amoako Yaw Ampem , Adade Titus , Yeboah Eric , Bonney Joseph , Ayisi-Boateng Nana Kwame , Drosten Christian , Phillips Richard Odame , Owusu Michael
Published: June 2020

Background: Influenza viruses are known to be responsible for a number of respiratory disease outbreaks worldwide. While there exists documented information on influenza which allows for effective strategic preparedness activities in industrialized countries, the same cannot be said of developing and underdeveloped countries. It therefore behoves on developing countries to document information on circulating strains of influenza. Such information will enable prioritization of prevention and more targeted preparedness strategies. In this paper, we report on three different outbreaks of Influenza A among Ghanaian students in December 2017, May 2019 and December 2019 in the Ashanti region of Ghana.Methods: Throat or nasal samples were collected with flocked swabs, stored in RNAlater and transported to the laboratories of Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research (KCCR) at ambient temperature. Following viral RNA extraction, detection of viral nucleic acid of both influenza A and its subtypes including H1N1 and H3N2 was done by real-time reverse transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR).Results: A total of 112 samples were taken. An overall Influenza A prevalence of 51.8% (95%CI = 42.1 – 61.3) was recorded during the three outbreak time points. Of these, 11 (9.8%) were confirmed to be H1N1 (pdm09) and 47 (42%) were H3N2 strains. All the 11 H1N1 (pdm09) were identified during the first outbreak. The H3N2 strains were identified during the second and third outbreaks in May 2019 and December 2019 respectively. Our results show that influenza A virus activity was highes during the months of November and December compared to May. Age, contact with infected subjects, temperature,fever within the last 24 hours and headaches showed significant variations (p-value <0.01) with respect to influenza A. Here, Wald’s test revealed that subjects presenting with headaches had about 5 times odds (95% CI = 1.4 - 17.7) for influenza A infection compared to subjects without headache (p = 0.014).Conclusion: Our study provides epidemiological information to better understand the incidence and burden of influenza to allow for prioritisation of prevention and control strategies. Such information would aid in controlling and preparing for future influenza epidemics.
Transcription Analysis of a Histones Modifiers Panel Coupled with Tumor Suppressor Genes Displayed Frequent Changes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia-Related Genes
Authors: Amiri Vahid , Mohammadi Mohammad Hossein , Rafiee Mohammad , Ghezelbash Behrooz , Salari Sina , Farsani Mehdi allahbakhshian
Published: June 2020

Introduction Epigenetic alterations could cause leukemia through the activation of normally silent loci or silencing of normally active loci. We herein aimed to compare the expression patterns of a histone modifiers panel consisted of SUV39H1, PRDM16, UHRF2, KDM2B, and KDM3C between acute myeloid leukemia(AML) cells and normal cells and to assess the correlation of these genes with the expression of vital tumor suppressor genes, including p16INK4A and p53.Materials and methods Bone marrow or peripheral blood samples of 50 AML patients at diagnosis and also 18 subjects with a normal hematopoietic system as a control group were obtained after informed consent. Then, qRT-PCR was performed to determine the expression levels of the aforementioned genes. Results We found a broad alteration in the expression signature of five out of seven studied genes in AML patients as compared with the control group. UHRF2 and p53 were remarkably downregulated in AML patients (P < 0.001), while SUV39H1, PRDM16, and KDM3C significantly overexpressed (P< 0.01). Based on the Spearman rank correlation, SUV39H1, KDM2B, and age of the patients negatively regulated both p16INK4A and p53 expression. Conclusion Taken together, our findings provided preliminary evidence regarding the pervasive mRNA perturbation of histone modifiers and their plausible influences on critical tumor suppressor genes. Future studies in this area would be required to assist in establishing these results in the clinical practice of AML patients.
Performance Evaluation of Distributional Models to Analyze Random Right-Censored Breast Cancer Failure Time Data
Authors: Liaqat Madiha , Kamal Shahid , Fischer Florian , Fazil Waqas
Published: June 2020

Background Censoring frequently occurs in disease data analysis. Typically, non-parametric and semi-parametric methods are used to deal with different types of censored data. Distributional random right-censored failure time models on breast cancer data are employed to empirically find out a best-fitted model. A large number of studies are available on complete and disease-free survival time, but very few have focused on time to death from breast cancer recurrence.Methods In this retrospective study, we investigated the impact of factors related to breast cancer on cause-specific failure time. We included data from women who suffered from breast cancer as a primary disease and observed recurrence. Several factors related to breast cancer incidence and prognosis are studied. A multivariate accelerated failure time (AFT) model is used to evaluate the combined effect of study factors on death due to breast cancer.Results Univariate Weibull model showed that all factors included in the model have a strong association with breast cancer failure time. These factors are age at diagnosis, age at recurrence, molecular markers (estrogen, progesterone receptors, and Her2.neu), tumor grade, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The best model for right-censored breast cancer failure time data was a Weibull AFT, which was chosen by a stepwise backward selection.Conclusions The AFT model is the best choice for the analysis of time to failure data when hazards are non-proportional, as it provides efficient estimates and an estimate of the median failure time ratios.
Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor M5 Involved in Spermatogenesis through the Modification of Cell-Cell Junctions
Authors: Zhao Yong , Han Xiao , Zhang Pengfei , Shen Wei , Zhang Hongfu , Zhang Cong , Xiong Bohui , Yin Shen , Ge Zhaojia
Published: June 2020

Background

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonists have been reported to decrease male fertility, however the roles of mAChRs in spermatogenesis and the underlying mechanisms are not understood. During spermatogenesis, extensive remodeling between Sertoli cells and/or germ cells interfaces takes place to accommodate the transport of developing germ cells across the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and adluminal compartment. The cell-cell junctions play vital role in the spermatogenesis process.
Methods

This study used ICR male mice and spermatogonial cells (C18-4) as well as Sertoli cells (TM-4). shRNA of control or M5 gene was injected into 5-week-age ICR mice testes. Ten days post viral grafting, mice were deeply anesthetized with pentobarbital and the testes were collected. One testicle was fresh frozen in liquid nitrogen then total RNA was extracted for RNA-seq analysis or total protein was isolated for Western blotting (WB). The second testicle was fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) for immunofluorescence staining (IHF). C18-4 or TM-4 cells were treated with shRNA of control or M5 gene. Then the cells were collected for RNA-seq analysis, WB, or IHF.
Results

Knockdown of mAChR M5 disrupted mouse spermatogenesis and damaged the actin-based cytoskeleton and many types of junction proteins in both Sertoli cells and germ cells. M5 knockdown decreased Phldb2 expression in both germ cells and Sertoli cells which suggested that Phldb2 may regulate the cytoskeleton and other junctional proteins to control blood-testis barrier (BTB) and ectoplasmic specializations (ES) formation to regulate spermatogenesis.
Conclusion

Recent epidemiological studies suggest 20–35% of couples are infertile, and many of them have idiopathic failed gametogenesis. Moreover, the human spermatozoa quality has been declined significantly. Environmental contaminants have been found to play a major role in these phenomena because they disrupt the cell-cell junctions in testes to diminish spermatogenesis. Our investigation has elucidated a novel role for mAChR M5 in the regulation of spermatogenesis through Phldb2 regulation of the BTB and ES. M5 may be an attractive future therapeutic target in the treatment of male reproductive disorders.
Growth And Elasticity Of Output Of MSME In India
Authors: PALAK SETAK , Das Sandhyarani
Published: June 2020

This paper analyses the phenomenon of growth in India through the lens of employment elasticity. Investigative results are imitative for decompositions of both the level and change of combined employment elasticity in terms of sectoral elasticities, relative development and employment shares. Estimates of these decompositions are presented with employment and output data from related sources for both economies. In India, MSME sector was the key determinant of both the level and change of aggregate elasticity. In India, service is the most important determinant of the level, but manufacturing remains an important driver of changes in aggregate employment elasticity. The core objective of the present paper remains to analyse the growth and elasticity output relationship in this sector, so the study contains the productivity analysis of the MSME sector in India. This will unleash the role of the various inputs and output in production here. Extended Cobb Douglas Production Function has been utilised on the secondary, cross section data of MSMEs of India. Different variables like employment, Number of working enterprises, input, output and capital are selected to analyze their effects of MSMEs.
Conditional Random Fields for Biomedical Named Entity Recognition Revisited
Authors: Xie Xie-Yuan
Published: June 2020

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a key task which automatically extracts Named Entities (NE) from the text. Names of persons, places, date and time are examples of NEs. We are applying Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) for NER in biomedical domain. Examples of NEs in biomedical texts are gene, proteins. We used a minimal set of features to train CRF algorithm and obtained a good results for biomedical texts.
The role and mechanism of exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in inducing osteogenesis and preventing osteoporosis
Authors: Ge Yahao , Wang Xinjia
Published: June 2020

BackgroundMesenchymal stem cell (MSC) exosomes promote tissue regeneration and repair, and thus might be used to treat many diseases; however, the influence of microenvironmental conditions on exosomes remains unclear. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of the osteogenic differentiation microenvironment on the functions of human umbilical cord MSCs (HucMSC)-derived exosomes. We explored the role and mechanism by which exosomes promote osteogenic differentiation and prevent osteoporosis, and propose a method to treat and prevent osteoporosis.MethodsHucMSCs were isolated from human umbilical cords, and after osteogenic differentiation and normal culture for 48 h, cell supernatants were collected to isolate exosomes. Exosomes from standardized stem cell culture (Exo1) and osteogenic differentiation-exosomes (Exo2) were co-cultured with osteoblasts, separately. Cell counting kit-8 assays, and alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining were used to observe the exosomes’ effects on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. The levels of osteogenic differentiation-related proteins were analyzed using western blotting. Estrogen-deficient osteoporosis model mice were established, and treated with the two exosomes preparations. Micro-computed tomography and hematoxylin and eosin staining were performed after 6 weeks. MicroRNAs in Exo1 and Exo2 were sequenced and analyzed using bioinformatics.ResultsTreatment with Exo1 and Exo2 enhanced osteoblast osteogenic differentiation significantly, and osteogenic differentiation-related gene and protein expression increased significantly in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with Exo1 group, Exo2 had a stronger osteogenic differentiation promoting effect, but a weaker proliferation promoting effect. Exo1 and Exo2 significantly improved the tibial density of osteoporosis model mice, with no significant differences between the groups. Sequencing and bioinformatics analysis showed that hsa-mir-328-3p and hsa-mir-2110 might be exosome osteogenesis regulatory microRNAs. Compared with Exo1, the target genes of Exo2-carried microRNAs are enriched in osteoclast differentiation and PPAR signaling. ConclusionsHucMSC-derived exosomes can promote osteogenic differentiation. Exosomes produced in an osteogenic differentiation microenvironment had a stronger osteogenic function, but a weaker proliferative effect. HucMSC-derived exosomes have a therapeutic effect on osteoporosis. The exosomes induced by osteoblasts carry microRNAs that regulate osteoblast differentiation, which might function via osteoblast, adipocyte, and osteoclast differentiation signaling pathways.
Intradialytic exercise in the treatment of social frailty during the COVID-19 pandemic: A single-center prospective study
Authors: Abe Koki , Shimamura Yoshinosuke , Maeda Takuto , Kato Yoshikazu , Yoshimura Yasuyoshi , Tanaka Tomomi , Takizawa Hideki
Published: June 2020

Background: Social frailty—the lack of a connection to society and infrequent social activities—has been reported to be associated with future declines in physical function in elderly individuals. This study aimed to evaluate both the association of social frailty with the physical function and the efficacy of intradialytic exercise as a therapy for social frailty among hemodialysis patients.Methods: A total of 16 hemodialysis patients in the hemodialysis department of a single medical center were enrolled in this single-center prospective single-arm interventional study. Patients received five questions which asked about going out infrequently, lack of visiting friends, feeling unhelpful to friends or family, living alone, and lack of talking with someone. Those to whom two or more of the above were applicable were categorized as socially frail. All patients were placed into exercise therapy to be performed during their thrice-weekly hemodialysis visits. Participants’ physical function (walking speed), muscle strength (grip strength), muscle mass (appendicular skeletal muscle mass index), and social frailty were evaluated at baseline and after three months of therapy.Results: Four (25%) of the 16 participants (median age 71.5 years, 8 women) were categorized as being socially frail. In comparison to the non-socially frail group (non-SF), the socially frail group (SF) had a significantly lower walking speed (0.70 ± 0.12 m/s vs 1.15 ± 0.26 m/s, p= 0.005) and significantly worse performance on the Short Physical Performance Battery. Three months of intradialytic exercise therapy significantly improved their walking speed, from 1.04 ± 0.30 m/s to 1.16 ± 0.29 m/s (p= 0.003). Intradialytic exercise therapy significantly improved walking speed in both the SF group and the non-SF group. The 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic occurred in the middle of the intervention period of this study, and although it was not statistically significant, the number of socially frail individuals among our participants increased to seven (43.8%, p= 0.248).Conclusions: Social frailty was associated with reduced physical function among hemodialysis patients. Intradialytic exercise therapy improved physical function regardless of the presence of social frailty.Trial registration: UMIN-CTR, UMIN-CTR000038313. Registered November 1, 2019,https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000043639.
Uso de lógica booleana na triagem de áreas aptas para a implantação de aterro sanitário no Município de Campina Verde, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Lopes Renata Costa , Silva Raquel Naiara Fernandes
Published: June 2020

A redução das milhões de toneladas de lixo que a civilização produz todos os dias é um dos maiores desafios da atualidade. No Brasil, dar destinação correta a esse lixo é uma meta ainda distante. Em Minas Gerais, cerca de 25,29% da população urbana reside em áreas que não possuem meios de descarte de seus resíduos sólidos em aterros sanitários, destinando-os em lixões e/ou aterros controlados. Neste contexto, este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a aptidão de áreas para a instalação de aterros sanitários no Município de Campina Verde-MG, com o uso de SIG e apoio à decisão através da lógica booleana. Uma análise criteriosa destes espaços territoriais é importante para garantir a minimização dos impactos ambientais provenientes desse tipo de empreendimento. A metodologia deste estudo consistiu no estabelecimento dos critérios de restrição, originando mapas booleanos com classificação de apto/não apto. O resultado foi o mapa de aptidão para a instalação de aterro sanitário, que revelou 1.924,64 km² de área apta à instalação de aterro sanitário. A conclusão do estudo caracteriza as técnicas de geoprocessamento como uma ferramenta eficaz, rápida e de baixo custo, que podem vir a ser aplicadas em outros municípios, facilitando desta maneira a disposição final adequada dos resíduos sólidos urbanos.
A guide for deploying Deep Learning in LHC searches: How to achieve optimality and account for uncertainty
Authors: Nachman Benjamin
Published: June 2020

Deep learning tools can incorporate all of the available information into a search for new particles, thus making the best use of the available data. This paper reviews how to optimally integrate information with deep learning and explicitly describes the corresponding sources of uncertainty. Simple illustrative examples show how these concepts can be applied in practice.
CAHİLİYE DÖNEMİ ARAP ŞİİRİNİN GERÇEKLİK TARTIŞMALARINA FUAT SEZGİN’İN YAKLAŞIMI
Authors: TEKİN Selim
Published: June 2020

İslam bilim ve kültür dünyasının önemli kaynaklarından biri olan cahiliye şiirinin gerçekliği ile alakalı 19. yüzyıla kadar herhangi bir tartışma olmamıştır. Bu yüzyılın sonlarında bazı müsteşrikler bu şiirin gerçekliğine şüphe ile yaklaşmış, intihal (uydurma) olabileceğini ileri sürmüşlerdir. Bu yaklaşıma muhalif olarak yine bazı müsteşrikler içinde bir takım intihaller olsa da bu şiirin orijinal ve gerçek olduğunu savunmuşlardır. İslam dünyasından da birçok düşünür, edebiyatçı ve tarihçi tartışmaya katılarak çeşitli delillerle bu orijinalliği göstermeye çalışmışlardır. Bu düşünürlerden birisi de çalışmamızın konusu olan İslam bilim tarihçisi Fuat Sezgin’dir. O, modern araştırmalar ışığında ve klasik kaynakları referans alarak cahiliye şiirinin gerçekliğini ispatlamaya çalışmıştır. Bu çalışmada söz konusu müsteşriklerin görüşleri ve delilleri sunulduktan sonra Fuat Sezgin’in konuya yaklaşımı ve yaptığı önemli tespitler ele alınacaktır.
WORLD TEA MARKET: TRENDS IN PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION
Authors: Eliseev M. N. , Alekseeva O. M. , Kosareva O. A.
Published: June 2020

The article analyzes the main trends and prospects for the development of the global and Russian tea market. It reviews and analyzes the main directions of development of the tea market in the world, provides an international classification of black tea, shows the main countries manufacturers, importers and exporters of this product. The dynamics of tea production, import and export in the Russian Federation over five years showed in this article by using analytical indicators. Also were identified the main reasons for the changes and analyzed the leading players-producers of the domestic tea market, as well as showed the main trends characteristic of the development of this market in immediate prospects. The article considers the general structure of the tea market in natural terms and provides the results of analysis of changes in consumer preferences. Within the framework of the study, the assortment of the Perekrestok retail network was studied as a tool for forming and maintenance commodity stocks of this economic entity. ABC-analysis was used to analyze the assortment of black tea. Based on the results of the study, recommendations were developed and proposed for further work with the assortment of this product group.
EXPORT OF SERVICES: IS DATA LOCALIZATION A BARRIER?
Authors: Koval A. A. , Levashenko A. D.
Published: June 2020

The export of services is not related to the physical movement of goods across the border but is directly dependent on the cross-border movement of data. Cross-border data flows play a vital role in the cross-border provision of digital services. The international community pays particular attention to issues regarding the application of data localization policies. Indeed, this requirement significantly affects global trade in services. The data localization policy provides, according to the WTO, limiting the ability of companies to transfer data about internal users to foreign countries. Developing countries (Russia, China, etc.) involve the application of the localization requirement, i.e., first records in the country, personal data of citizens, while the EU and the US consider the total need of data localization as a barrier to international trade. The article assesses the impact of data regulation requirements on the export and import of digital services.
CORONAVIRUS AS AN INDICATOR OF THE IMMIGRATION POLICY OF THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Sadovaya E. S.
Published: June 2020

The article analyzes the achievements and problems, which US President Donald Trump encountered during the implementation of his election program to transform the country. Author consider these subjects in the broad context of the transformation of the modern world order and the change in the narratives of global geopolitics. The author emphasizes that the United States is committed to the re-industrialization and nationalization of the American economy in the context of the coronavirus pandemic and the general global uncertainty of the prospects for world development. Main components of such politics are the struggle for jobs for Americans and competition for highly skilled labor in the global labor market. The main topic of research is focused on migration policy is an essential component of the overall reform plan. Taking into account that until recently the USA was the largest economy in the world, the author concludes that the US migration policy has a multifaceted global impact on the international labor market, since the USA is the main importer of labor. The main factors that have a decisive influence on the effectiveness of the implementation of the declared course are the features of the functioning of the American labor market (including the high cost of local labor and the lack of qualified personnel in a number of sectors of the American economy). Analyzing the effect of these factors, the author notes their contradictory effect on the country's economy and concludes that the measures taken are insufficient due to the situation of tough confrontation between the main political forces in modern America. The author claims that the growing global competition for highly qualified personnel will remain one of the main trends of the upcoming era. The aim of the work is conceptualization of approaches to the study of migration processes in the conditions of the technological transformation of the modern world and the interpretation of international experience in the reform of migration policies.
THE IMPACT OF US POLICY ON ECONOMIC INTEGRATION IN THE ASIA PACIFIC ON THE THRESHOLD OF THE THIRD DECADE OF THE 21ST CENTURY
Authors: Chudinova K. O.
Published: June 2020

The Trump administration’s economic policy has led to increased uncertainty, disruption to global value chains, decline in trade in the Asia-Pacific region. Amid the US withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership, revising NAFTA, imposing tariffs, decoupling from the Chinese economy, Japan, China and other economies in the Asia Pacific are trying to develop new mechanisms to increase stability in the region and protect their production networks. One way to improve the situation is to conclude intra-regional and inter-regional free trade agreements, the number of which is increasing. At present, there are two competing mega-FTA projects of China and Japan – the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership and the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership. The United States is with moderate success developing its own format of a free and open Indo-Pacific, which is partly a counterbalance to the RCEP. The US also concludes bilateral agreements, such as first phases of trade deals with Japan and China. However, winning the negotiating table, the United States can seriously lose in competitiveness, as regional integration develops further and often without the participation of America.
THE PROSPECTS OF THE RUSSIAN ROCKET AND SPACE INDUSTRY PRODUCTS IN THE WORLD MARKET
Authors: Shiryaeva A. R. , Rozhanskaia E. A.
Published: June 2020

Space is not only a place of international cooperation, but also a place for competition. The failures that accompanied the key player in the market, the United States, have recently stimulated NASA's ambitious commercial space program which has enabled a successful partnership with two American companies. This new business model should not only reduce the cost of flights, but also create a basis for further space exploration. In order to create sustainable economic growth in Russia, it seems necessary to develop the whole range of priority areas. One of the most promising is the rocket and space industry. The reasons are the large turnover, experience and unique technological competencies. We believe that Russia will succeed in case it activates internal reserves of a country and wisely uses global market opportunities. Technical and technological development of the rocket and space and related industries will strengthen the state’s position in the world market and will enhance the international competitiveness of Russian enterprises. In this article, authors analyze the current state of the Russian and world space markets, evaluate the performance of RSC «Energia», formulate proposals for modernization of company's activities that will help Russia strengthen and expand its positions among the global players.
Governança Global
Authors: Rezende Gabriel Silva , Eiras Nascimento Nathália
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo busca demonstrar a relevância e pertinência da governança global frente a questão ambiental. Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar desafios que se colocam à consolidação de um sistema de governança ambiental global. Considerando que a questão ambiental diz respeito a um bem público global, sobrepondo-se, pois, aos limites estabelecidos pelas fronteiras físicas dos Estados-Nação, a fragmentação da estrutura organizacional do sistema de governança transnacional em vigor atualmente. Aborda, de modo teórico, a atuação de diferentes atores com o propósito de por meio da governança Global de encontrar soluções viáveis e aplicáveis diante das limitações sistêmicas para a proteção do meio ambiente, pautado no desenvolvimento sustentável, possibilitadora de condições ambientais dignas para as futuras gerações.
A fenomenologia como possibilidade epistemológica de uma crítica às teorias do desenvolvimento infantil
Authors: Prieto Bento Dourado Maira
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo propõe fundamentar epistemologicamente a necessidade do pensamento crítico em relação às  teorias do desenvolvimento humano utilizadas pela psicologia.  Aqui procuramos introduzir uma crítica a partir da fenomenologia e de elementos que caminham na contramão do modo hegemônico de pensar a ciência sobre a vida humana. A doutrina fundamentada em Husserl e Heidegger aponta o empenho em problematizar o modo de fazer ciência hegemônico de suas épocas, apresentando a fenomenologia como um caminho possível para romper com o positivismo e com os imperativos da ciência moderna. A psicologia Fenomenológico-Existencial absorveu essa cadeia de críticas: oposição ao pressuposto de um sujeito (reduzido), seja como aparato psíquico, seja comportamental. Nesse sentido a postura da nos permite explorar propostas de investigação que cultivam novos caminhos para alcançar novos resultados que reconhecem o desenvolvimento infantil e humano num curso não-linear, porém progressivo dos ciclos da vida, no qual não existe a obrigatoriedade de se passar por todos os ciclos.
Palavras-chave: desenvolvimento infantil; fenomenologia; epistemologia; Heidegger; Psicologia Fenomenológico-Existencial
Mídias e Relações Interpessoais
Authors: Niemeyer da Rocha Fátima , Reis Barbosa Maria Gabriela , Alves da Cruz Patrícia Aparecida
Published: June 2020

O estudo teve por objetivo apresentar uma revisão da literatura especializada acerca das influências que a tecnologia trouxe para as relações interpessoais na atualidade, especialmente as midiáticas, ou seja, mediadas pelas mídias, com o advento do capitalismo, alterando a maneira com que as pessoas se relacionam. Utilizou-se a teoria da Modernidade Líquida, de Bauman, para exemplificar a interferência da tecnologia na forma das interações que se estabelecem entre as pessoas na contemporaneidade. Buscou-se refletir sobre os vínculos descartáveis que, principalmente, as redes sociais possibilitam se estabelecer entre os sujeitos em seus relacionamentos. Dessa forma, verificou-se que estas influenciam e/ou alteram a maneira com que as pessoas constroem e mantêm as suas relações pessoais, em que os vínculos se tornam instáveis, assumindo uma liquidez que os caracteriza como fugazes, sem consistência e facilmente desfeitos.
Linfoma Difuso de grandes células B rico em células T/Histiócitos com características do Linfoma de Hodgkin de Predomínio Nodular Linfocitário: relato de caso
Authors: Alves Peruzini Giovanna Alves , Barbosa Reis Queiroz Beatriz , Caetano Cariello Iago , De Oliveira Boechat Tiago
Published: June 2020

A atual classificação dos linfomas é baseada em um complexo sistema de características clínicas, morfológicas, imunofenotípicas e moleculares. O presente relato tem como objetivo descrever um caso de diagnóstico desafiador de um linfoma com características do Linfoma de Hodgkin de Predomínio Nodular Linfocitário (LHPNL) e Linfoma B Rico em células T/Histiócitos (LBRCT/H). Paciente, 38 anos, sem comorbidades compareceu ao ambulatório com queixa de linfonodomegalias generalizadas há aproximadamente 4 anos, com aumento progressivo ao longo dos anos, associado a emagrecimento de cerca de 20kg, sudorese noturna, febre e tosse. Ao exame físico, presença de massa bulky em região inguinal direita de 28 cm e edema ipsilateral. O histopatológico e o estudo imuno-histoquímico não puderam diferenciar entre LHPNL em LBRCT/H. O caso foi conduzido como LBRCT/H devido apresentação clínica avançada, com massa bulky e sintomas B, refletindo o caráter agressivo da doença. O linfoma de Hodgkin (LH) é uma neoplasia maligna rara de células B e, no que diz respeito a transformação para o Linfoma Difuso de grandes células B (LDGCB), um levantamento  mostrou que 3-6% dos LHPNL irão se transformar em um LDGCB de caráter agressivo ou podem, ainda, apresentar simultaneamente um LHPNL e um LDGCB4. Isto pode alterar o curso e a escolha do tratamento, já que existem protocolos distintos dependendo do tipo histológico da doença. Deve-se, também, levar em consideração as manifestações clínicas da doença, pois, como no estudo em questão, pode haver dúvida diagnóstica através de exames complementares.
Técnicas histológicas adaptadas para tecidos de ratos
Authors: Maleck Marise , Do Nascimento José Carlos , Souza da Cruz Igor Luiz , Pitta de Resende Côrtes Paula
Published: June 2020

A histologia é o ramo da anatomia que estuda os tecidos animais e vegetais. A análise das microestruturas anatômicas dos tecidos de ratos sob microscopia óptica é necessária a confecção de lâminas histológicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi propor adaptações às técnicas de processamento histológico já existentes, a fim de aprimorar a metodologia especificamente para os tecidos de ratos da linhagem Wistar. As adaptações realizadas mostraram-se eficientes no reconhecimento das características morfológicas dos tecidos de ratos, provendo um favorável diagnóstico histológico.
Predição computacional de alvos moleculares de um complexo metálico de rutênio com epiisopiloturina e óxido nítrico
Authors: Araújo Joabe Lima , Santos Gardênia Taveira , Bastos Ruan Sousa , Lima Francisco das Chagas Alves , Rocha Jefferson Almeida
Published: June 2020

A Leishmaniose é uma doença infecciosa que ocasiona a morte de 26.000 a 65.000 pessoas anualmente, estima-se que no ano de 2019 houve 700.000 a 1 milhão de novos casos. Estes dados são preocupantes e está relacionado à falta de saneamento básico que favorece a proliferação dos vetores, além da ausência de medicamentos eficientes com mecanismos de ação alternativos e com menos efeitos colaterais. Em meio a essa necessidade de novos agentes inibitórios, este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma predição computacional de alvos moleculares de Leishmania para um complexo metálico de rutênio com epiisopiloturina e óxido nítrico (Epiruno2). O processo de docking molecular foi realizado empregando-se o software Autodock Tools (ADT) versão 1.5.6. As proteínas alvos foram consideradas rígidas, enquanto que o Epiruno2 foi considerado flexível. A glicoproteína GP63 (1lml) representa mais de 1% da proteína total do parasito tendo em vista que a 1lml é uma metaloprotease que predomina grupos funcionais em seu sítio ativo, torna-se um alvo atrativo em estudos de atividade inibitória. O docking molecular entre o Epiruno2 e a 1lml resultou na melhor conformação de encaixe deste estudo, com energia de Gbinda de -8,05 Kcal.mol-1 e uma constante de inibição de 1,26 µM. Também foi observada a formação de quatro pontes de hidrogênio, demonstrando ser um forte candidato a fármaco antileishmania. Concluindo-se que o composto epiruno2 é clinicamente atrativo para estudos experimentais futuros ex vivo, in vitro e in vivo, pois seus resultados in sílico apresentaram boas interações moleculares para todas as proteínas alvo deste estudo.
Insomnia During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Brazil
Authors: Orsini Marco Antônio , Stephanie Fernandes do Nascimento Jacqueline , Azizi Marco , Cardoso Carlos Eduardo , Castro Renata , Santos Moras Nunes Nicolle , Fernandes do Nascimento Janie Kelly
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The outbreak of COVID-19 among humans in Brazil and its spread around the world is strongly impacting mental health. Health problems such as anxiety, depression, insomnia and fear were the most related to. High levels of stress during the day can impair quality and time of sleep.

Method: The purpose of this article was to update, through a bibliographic search, the effects of the pandemic on sleep disorders, with insomnia being the most related. A systematic search had been carried out in the main databases: Lilacs, Bireme and PubMed. The languages used in the search were Portuguese and English, from articles published this year. Using the following keywords: Sleep quality, COVID-19, Insomnia, Cognitive behavioral therapy.

Discussion: The concern about financial and political uncertainties, feelings of impotence and fear of self-contamination and of family members are factors that corroborate with the worsening of the sleep quality of the population and health professionals’ working on the front lines of the fight against the pandemic, leading to increased cases of insomnia. Behavioral Cognitive Therapy, hypnotherapy and social interaction mediated by Web conferencing tools are the best ways to treat these symptoms at the moment. Even so, the brazilian literature on the subject is extremely scarce, making it an extremely relevant subject for future research.
Simulation on Incipient Particle Motion in Highly-Inclined Annulus
Authors: Ye Chen , Kelin Wang , Xiaofeng Sun , Jingyu Qu , lihu Cao
Published: June 2020

Background:

Highly-inclined and horizontal wells have been widely used for the development
of mature oilfield, marine oilfield, and low permeable oilfield. During drilling operations,
cutting particles will accumulate in the low side of wellbore and cuttings bed may be formed,
which may lead to high drag and torque, stuck pipe, and other drilling problems. We reviewed the
patents about cutting bed cleaning tool.

Objective:

The goal of this work is to determine the incipient motion velocity or rate to re-suspend
and remove the cutting particles.

Methods:

In this study, the random distribution function of particles is introduced to determine the
percentage of incipient particle motion, and the mechanical models for rolling and lifting method
considering the net gravity, drag force, lift force, additional mass force, adhesive force and flow
pressure gradient force are developed to predict the incipient motion velocity or rate. Also, the
model has been verified by published experimental data.

Results:

The critical particle size of incipient motion rate is approximately 1 mm. The incipient
motion rate decreases as the height of cuttings bed decreases, and the minimum flow rate that prevents
the bed formation may be estimated when bed height is small enough. Also, increasing wellbore
inclination or fluid density has a positive effect on incipient motion rate, but increasing particle
density or percentage of incipient particle motion has an adverse effect.

Conclusion:

This study may provide a guideline for designing hydraulic parameters and sand
washing in the highly-inclined and horizontal wells, thereby contributingin economic production.
Synthesis of Neural Network Architecture for Recognition of Sea-Going Ship Images
Authors: Konarev D. I. , Gulamov A. A.
Published: June 2020

Purpose of research. The current task is to monitor ships using video surveillance cameras installed along the canal. It is important for information communication support for navigation of the Moscow Canal. The main subtask is direct recognition of ships in an image or video. Implementation of a neural network is perspectively.

Methods. Various neural network are described. images of ships are an input data for the network. The learning sample uses CIFAR-10 dataset. The network is built and trained by using Keras and TensorFlow machine learning libraries.

Results. Implementation of curving artificial neural networks for problems of image recognition is described. Advantages of such architecture when working with images are also described. The selection of Python language for neural network implementation is justified. The main used libraries of machine learning, such as TensorFlow and Keras are described. An experiment has been conducted to train swirl neural networks with different architectures based on Google collaboratoty service. The effectiveness of different architectures was evaluated as a percentage of correct pattern recognition in the test sample. Conclusions have been drawn about parameters influence of screwing neural network on showing its effectiveness.

Conclusion. The network with a single curl layer in each cascade showed insufficient results, so three-stage curls with two and three curl layers in each cascade were used. Feature map extension has the greatest impact on the accuracy of image recognition. The increase in cascades' number has less noticeable effect and the increase in the number of screwdriver layers in each cascade does not always have an increase in the accuracy of the neural network. During the study, a three-frame network with two buckling layers in each cascade and 128 feature maps is defined as an optimal architecture of neural network under described conditions. operability checking of architecture's part under consideration on random images of ships confirmed the correctness of optimal architecture choosing.