bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel signal transduction protein: Combination of solute binding and tandem PAS‐like sensor domains in one polypeptide chain
Authors: Wu R. , Wilton R. , Cuff M. E. , Endres M. , Babnigg G. , Edirisinghe J. N. , Henry C. S. , Joachimiak A. , Schiffer M. , Pokkuluri P. R.
Published: February 2017

We report the structural and biochemical characterization of a novel periplasmic ligand‐binding protein, Dret_0059, from Desulfohalobium retbaense DSM 5692, an organism isolated from Lake Retba, in Senegal. The structure of the protein consists of a unique combination of a periplasmic solute binding protein (SBP) domain at the N‐terminal and a tandem PAS‐like sensor domain at the C‐terminal region. SBP domains are found ubiquitously, and their best known function is in solute transport across membranes. PAS‐like sensor domains are commonly found in signal transduction proteins. These domains are widely observed as parts of many protein architectures and complexes but have not been observed previously within the same polypeptide chain. In the structure of Dret_0059, a ketoleucine moiety is bound to the SBP, whereas a cytosine molecule is bound in the distal PAS‐like domain of the tandem PAS‐like domain. Differential scanning flourimetry support the binding of ligands observed in the crystal structure. There is significant interaction between the SBP and tandem PAS‐like domains, and it is possible that the binding of one ligand could have an effect on the binding of the other. We uncovered three other proteins with this structural architecture in the non‐redundant sequence data base, and predict that they too bind the same substrates. The genomic context of this protein did not offer any clues for its function. We did not find any biological process in which the two observed ligands are coupled. The protein Dret_0059 could be involved in either signal transduction or solute transport.
Experimental conformational energy maps of proteins and peptides
Authors: Balaji Govardhan A. , Nagendra H. G. , Balaji Vitukudi N. , Rao Shashidhar N.
Published: February 2017

We have presented an extensive analysis of the peptide backbone dihedral angles in the PDB structures and computed experimental Ramachandran plots for their distributions seen under a various constraints on X‐ray resolution, representativeness at different sequence identity percentages, and hydrogen bonding distances. These experimental distributions have been converted into isoenergy contour plots using the approach employed previously by F. M. Pohl. This has led to the identification of energetically favored minima in the Ramachandran (ϕ, ψ) plots in which global minima are predominantly observed either in the right‐handed α‐helical or the polyproline II regions. Further, we have identified low energy pathways for transitions between various minima in the (ϕ,ψ) plots. We have compared and presented the experimental plots with published theoretical plots obtained from both molecular mechanics and quantum mechanical approaches. In addition, we have developed and employed a root mean square deviation (RMSD) metric for isoenergy contours in various ranges, as a measure (in kcal.mol−1) to compare any two plots and determine the extent of correlation and similarity between their isoenergy contours. In general, we observe a greater degree of compatibility with experimental plots for energy maps obtained from molecular mechanics methods compared to most quantum mechanical methods. The experimental energy plots we have investigated could be helpful in refining protein structures obtained from X‐ray, NMR, and electron microscopy and in refining force field parameters to enable simulations of peptide and protein structures that have higher degree of consistency with experiments. Proteins 2017; 85:979–1001. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Co‐sputtered PtMnSb thin films and PtMnSb/Pt bilayers for spin–orbit torque investigations
Authors: Krieft Jan , Mendil Johannes , Aguirre Myriam H. , Avci Can O. , Klewe Christoph , Rott Karsten , Schmalhorst Jan‐Michael , Reiss Günter , Gambardella Pietro , Kuschel Timo
Published: February 2017

The manipulation of the magnetization by spin–orbit torques (SOTs) has recently been extensively studied due to its potential for efficiently writing information in magnetic memories. Particular attention is paid to non‐centrosymmetric systems with space inversion asymmetry, where SOTs emerge even in single‐layer materials. The half‐metallic half‐Heusler PtMnSb is an interesting candidate for studies of this intrinsic SOT. Here, we report on the growth and epitaxial properties of PtMnSb thin films and PtMnSb/Pt bilayers deposited on MgO(001) substrates by dc magnetron co‐sputtering at high temperature in ultra‐high vacuum. The film properties were investigated by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray reflectivity, atomic force microscopy, and electron microscopy. Thin PtMnSb films present a monocrystalline C1b phase with (001) orientation, coexisting at increasing thickness with a polycrystalline phase with (111) texture. Films thinner than about 5 nm grow in islands, whereas thicker films grow ultimately layer‐by‐layer, forming a perfect MgO/PtMnSb interface. The thin PtMnSb/Pt bilayers also show island growth and a defective transition zone, while thicker films grow layer‐by‐layer and Pt grows epitaxially on the half‐Heusler compound without significant interdiffusion.
Review of Frameworks for Sustainability Implementation
Authors: Chofreh Abdoulmohammad Gholamzadeh , Goni Feybi Ariani
Published: February 2017

Sustainability enables the creation of new opportunity through innovation to achieve competitive advantage and drive cost reduction programs. Organizations that acknowledge and embrace the key drivers for sustainability will obtain the ultimate benefits of market opportunities and efficient business operations. Numerous organizations are involved in sustainability initiatives and they need a holistic vision to achieve sustainability. This requires a comprehensive framework that shows the perspective of sustainability. This study aims to review the existing sustainability frameworks and highlight the gaps and inconsistencies in the related literature. The literature revealed that there are two important paradigms that need to be considered in sustainability implementation frameworks. They are the sustainability paradigm (environment, social, and economic) and the decisional paradigm (strategic, tactical, and operational). The sustainability and decisional paradigms show the main perspective of sustainability implementation. The integration of these two paradigms is significant for a successful sustainability implementation project. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
The social networking investigation of metadata of forensic artifacts of a typical WeChat session under Windows
Authors: Chu Hai‐Cheng , Wang Gai‐Ge , Deng Der‐Jiunn
Published: February 2017

Digital forensics‐related investigations have been a relative competitive research area by the computer specialists or law enforcement agency officers to confirm or refuse the assumptions with respect to the cybercrime scenes. WeChat is one of the most popular instant messaging application programs in contemporary age. While applying WeChat, there is precious information deposited in the computing devices that could be supportive evidences in a court of law. Hence, this research is focusing on the application of WeChat on the desktop PC under Windows 7 by means of the acquisition of volatile digital evidences in order to provide supporting information for some cybercrime cases. This paper provides generic investigation methods conducting forensic sound analysis on WeChat from the aspect of data volatility of the computing devices. By means of the proposed methodologies, the digital forensics specialists should be able to gather critical digital traces to confirm the previous actions of a WeChat user or even to reconstruct the crime scene to prove the suspect is guilty or innocent in a court of law. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Power analysis attacks against FPGA implementation of KLEIN
Authors: Tang Shaohua , Li Weijian , Wu Jianhao , Gong Zheng , Tang Ming
Published: February 2017

KLEIN is a family of block ciphers whose lightweight features are suitable for resource‐constrained devices. However, the original design of KLEIN does not consider the potential attacks by power analysis methods. This paper presents power analysis attacks against an field‐programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation of KLEIN by the authors of KLEIN. The attacking strategy, attacking point, and complexity of our attacks via power analysis against KLEIN are discussed in detail. Besides, the implementation of the attacks is also described, and the experimental data is given. A lot of attacking experiments are launched by this paper; the best method in our experiment is Correlation Power Analysis (CPA) attack that requires only 4000 random plaintexts and 115 s to reveal the 64‐bit key of KLEIN, with the storage complexity nearly 212 and the success probability of attack nearly 100%. Finally, a defensive countermeasure against our attacks is proposed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statistical methodology for estimating the mean difference in a meta‐analysis without study‐specific variance information
Authors: Sangnawakij Patarawan , Böhning Dankmar , Adams Stephen , Stanton Michael , Holling Heinz
Published: February 2017

Statistical inference for analyzing the results from several independent studies on the same quantity of interest has been investigated frequently in recent decades. Typically, any meta‐analytic inference requires that the quantity of interest is available from each study together with an estimate of its variability. The current work is motivated by a meta‐analysis on comparing two treatments (thoracoscopic and open) of congenital lung malformations in young children. Quantities of interest include continuous end‐points such as length of operation or number of chest tube days. As studies only report mean values (and no standard errors or confidence intervals), the question arises how meta‐analytic inference can be developed. We suggest two methods to estimate study‐specific variances in such a meta‐analysis, where only sample means and sample sizes are available in the treatment arms. A general likelihood ratio test is derived for testing equality of variances in two groups. By means of simulation studies, the bias and estimated standard error of the overall mean difference from both methodologies are evaluated and compared with two existing approaches: complete study analysis only and partial variance information. The performance of the test is evaluated in terms of type I error. Additionally, we illustrate these methods in the meta‐analysis on comparing thoracoscopic and open surgery for congenital lung malformations and in a meta‐analysis on the change in renal function after kidney donation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
p‐Type a‐Si:H Doping Using Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation for Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cell Application
Authors: Carrere Tristan , Muñoz Delfina , Coig Marianne , Longeaud Christophe , Kleider Jean‐Paul
Published: February 2017

Plasma immersion ion implantation doping of thin a‐Si:H layers is proposed as a new and easy‐to‐process solution for the fabrication of interdigitated back contacted a‐Si/c‐Si heterojunction solar cells (SHJ). This study is focused on boron implantation (at low acceleration voltages in the range of 500–1500 V) in a‐Si:H layers on a c‐Si substrate, to create the strongly doped emitter while maintaining very high c‐Si surface passivation, required for high efficiency SHJ solar cells. The influence of implantation parameters and post‐annealing temperature on the a‐Si:H layer conductivity and passivation quality are assessed. The doped layers conductivity is also investigated by direct and indirect electrical characterization of the density of states in a‐Si:H after ion implantation, and the post‐implantation annealing. Eventually, an interesting passivation/doping trade‐off is obtained after annealing at 300 °C of samples implanted at 1000 V with implied open circuit voltage values of 710 (±5) mV and conductivity values of the doped a‐Si:H layer of 3.0 (±1.0) × 10−5 Ω−1 cm−1, which demonstrates that such approach is promising for processing IBC‐SHJ cells.
Three‐dimensional morphological analysis of a Parahaentzschelinia‐like trace fossil
Authors: Reynolds Robyn , McIlroy Duncan
Published: February 2017

Serial grinding and three‐dimensional reconstruction of aff. Parahaentzschelinia trace fossils from the Ordovician Winterhouse Formation reveals complex tiered network systems associated with more typical Parahaentzschelinia‐like conical bundles of sub‐vertical tubes. The morphological complexity of the burrow system is interpreted as an indication of the diverse behaviour of the trace‐making organism. This organism is inferred to have exploited organic matter within the sand‐rich event beds as well as in muddier beds above and below the sandstone beds using a variety of behaviours. Potential burrow irrigation and microbial cultivation associated with gardening behaviour is also inferred. The trace‐making organism is unknown, but comparisons are drawn between the structures observed herein and those produced by both modern polychaetes and bivalves.
Organocatalytic Hydrophosphonylation Reaction of Carbonyl Groups
Authors: Herrera Raquel P.
Published: February 2017

This revision is covering the limited examples reported for a pivotal strategy in the formation of C−P bonds such as the asymmetric organocatalytic hydrophosphonylation of carbonyl groups (Pudovik reaction). The scope and limitations, and the proposed mechanisms for the scarce different possibilities of asymmetric induction are also shown. The recent evolution and future trends of this undeveloped approach are commented.
Usefulness of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, rather than angiotensin II receptor blockers, for the prevention and treatment of licorice‐induced pseudoaldosteronism
Authors: Yokoyama Tasuku , Otsuka Noboru , Asahara Yoshinori , Nogaki Fumiaki , Ono Takahiko
Published: February 2017

Aim

The influence of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) on licorice‐induced pseudoaldosteronism remains unclear and the antihypertensive drug selection of prescribers, when they encounter hypokalemia and hypertension in licorice‐treated patients, has not been surveyed.

Methods

We examined the occurrence of hypokalemia, concomitant drugs, and treatment for hypokalemia and hypertension in 42, 26 and 27 patients prescribed the licorice‐containing traditional Japanese kampo medicines shakuyakukanzoto (SKT; containing 6 g licorice/day), rikkunshito (RKT; 1 g licorice/day), and goshajinkigan (GJG; without licorice), respectively.

Results

Seven (16.7%;
P
 < 0.05) of 42 patients treated with SKT more than 4 weeks developed hypokalemia. This rate was significantly higher than that in the GJG group as a negative control. Only one (3.8%) of 26 patients treated with RKT developed hypokalemia. None of the five patients who received simultaneous SKT and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists developed hypokalemia. In contrast, four (57.1%) of seven patients who developed hypokalemia were treated with simultaneous SKT and ARB.

Conclusion

MR antagonists may be useful for both the prevention and treatment of pseudoaldosteronism, while ARB may not be.
Physiological adaptation of endothelial function to pregnancy: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lopes van Balen V. A. , van Gansewinkel T. A. G. , de Haas S. , van Kuijk S. M. J. , van Drongelen J. , Ghossein‐Doha C. , Spaanderman M. E. A.
Published: February 2017

Objectives

To establish reference values for flow‐mediated dilatation (FMD) and brachial artery diameter (BAD) in pregnancy and to provide insight into the physiological and pathological course of endothelial adaptation throughout human singleton pregnancy.

Methods

A meta‐analysis was performed following a systematic review of current literature on FMD, as a derivative for endothelial function, and BAD, throughout uncomplicated and complicated pregnancy. PubMed (NCBI) and EMBASE (Ovid) electronic databases were used for the literature search, which was performed from inception to 9 June 2016. To allow judgment of changes in comparison with the non‐pregnant state, studies were required to report both non‐pregnant mean reference of FMD (matched control group, prepregnancy or postpartum measurement) and mean FMD at a predetermined and reported gestational age. Pooled mean differences between the reference and pregnant FMD values were calculated for predefined intervals of gestational age.

Results

Fourteen studies that enrolled 1231 participants met the inclusion criteria. Publication dates ranged from 1999 to 2014. In uncomplicated pregnancy, FMD was increased in the second and third trimesters. Between 15 and 21 weeks of gestation, absolute FMD increased the most, by a mean (95% CI) of 1.89% (0.25–3.53%). This was a relative increase of 22.5% (3.0–42.0%) compared with the non‐pregnant reference. BAD increased progressively, in a steady manner, by the second trimester but not significantly in the first half of the second trimester. We could not discern differences in FMD and BAD between complicated and uncomplicated pregnancies at 29–35 weeks' gestation, reported in the three studies that met our inclusion criteria. Despite the increase in FMD and BAD throughout gestation, both reference curves were characterized by wide 95% CIs.

Conclusion

During healthy pregnancy, endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation and BAD increase. Women with a complicated pregnancy had FMD values within the lower range when compared with those with uncomplicated pregnancy but, as a group, did not differ from each other. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Atomistic mechanisms of van der Waals epitaxy and property optimization of layered materials
Authors: Choi Jin‐Ho , Cui Ping , Chen Wei , Cho Jun‐Hyung , Zhang Zhenyu
Published: February 2017

Since the first isolation of graphene from graphite in 2004, atomically thin or layered materials have been occupying the central stage of today's condensed matter physics and materials sciences because of their rich and exotic properties in two dimensions (2D). Many members of the ever‐expanding 2D materials family, such as graphene, silicene, phosphorene, borophene, hexagonal boron nitride, transition metal dichalcogenides, and even the strong topological insulators, share the distinct commonality of possessing relatively weak van der Waals (vdW) interlayer coupling, whereas each member may invoke its own fabrication approaches, and is characterized by its unique properties. In this review article, we first discuss the major atomistic processes and related morphological evolution in the epitaxial growth of vdW layered materials, including nucleation, diffusion, feedstock dissociation, and grain boundaries. Representative systems covered include the vdW epitaxy of both monolayered 2D systems and their lateral or vdW‐stacked heterostructures, emphasizing the vital importance of the vdW interactions in these systems. We also briefly highlight on some of the recent advances in the property optimization and functionalization of the 2D materials, especially in the fields of optics, electronics, and spintronics. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2017, 7:e1300. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1300

This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science

Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods

Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Reaction Dynamics and Kinetics
Numerical Study of Impingement Location of Liquid Jet Poured from a Tilting Ladle with Lip Spout
Authors: Castilla R. , Gamez-Montero P. J. , Raush G. , Khamashta M. , Codina E.
Published: February 2017

A new approach for simulating liquid poured from a tilting lip spout is presented, using neither a dynamic mesh nor the moving solid solution method. In this case only the tilting ladle is moving, so we propose to rotate the gravitational acceleration at an angular velocity prescribed by a geometrical and dynamical calculation to keep the poured flow rate constant. This angular velocity is applied to modify the orientation of the gravity vector in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations using the OpenFOAM® toolbox. Also, fictitious forces are considered. The modified solver is used to calculate the impingement location for six spout geometries and compare the jet dispersion there. This method could offer an inexpensive tool to calculate optimal spout geometries to reduce sprue size in the metal casting industry.
Facile Formation of Medium‐Chain‐Length Poly‐3‐Hydroxyalkanoates (mcl‐PHA)‐Incorporated Nanoparticle Using Combination of Non‐Ionic Surfactants
Authors: Ishak K. A. , Annuar M. Suffian M.
Published: February 2017

The assembly of nanoparticles incorporating bacterial medium‐chain‐length poly‐3‐hydroxyalkanoates (mcl‐PHA) via phase inversion emulsification (PIE) was investigated. Sequential addition of water into an agitated mixture of carrier oil (jojoba oil), nonionic surfactants (Cremophor EL and Span 80) and melted mcl‐PHA triggered phase inversion of water‐in‐oil (W/O) to oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsion. The emulsion inversion point (EIP) at 30% w/w of water content was determined by abrupt changes in viscosity and conductivity of the suspension. Concurrently, infrared transmittance of the O–H group of water, the C–O–C group of surfactants and the C–H group of alkane chain were practically identical while Small Angle X‐ray Scattering indicated the presence of a bi‐continuous/lamellar structure. The morphology of the emulsion changed, with increasing water content, from W/O to bi‐continuous/lamellar structure and finally to O/W. mcl‐PHA appears to form a bridging polymeric network, covering the nanoparticle with a protective layer for enhanced protection of the encapsulated compound. A hypothetical mechanism for the mcl‐PHA‐based nanoparticle assembly is also proposed.
La construcción social de la memoria en el espacio: una aproximación sociológica
Authors: Kuri Pineda Edith
Published: February 2017

El tema de la memoria colectiva constituye uno de los tópicos más dis- cutidos dentro del amplio campo de las ciencias sociales en las últimas décadas. Este artículo tiene como objetivo central efectuar una reflexión teórica sobre la construcción social de la memoria —a partir de las relaciones intersubjetivas, las prácticas sociales, el poder, la cultura y la historicidad— y su nexo con el espacio, así como las dimensiones sensorial, simbólica y política de dicha relación. Se analiza también la manera en que los diversos actores sociales y políticos despliegan una lucha política y simbólica en el espacio público en aras de marcar en él la memoria y, como tal, una visión del pasado.
El terrorismo de Estado en Argentina a escala local. Tensiones entre la memoria dominante y memorias locales
Authors: Garbero Vanesa
Published: February 2017

El propósito de este trabajo es analizar las memorias locales en torno al terrorismo de Estado de los habitantes de barrios aledaños a un ex centro clandestino de la ciudad de Córdoba. Se pretende mostrar que, a pesar de la existencia de una política de memoria con tentativa institucionalizadora, los procesos de construcción de sentidos, vinculados con el pasado reciente, siguen abiertos y se caracterizan por la conflictividad y diversidad. Las memorias relevadas muestran construcciones de sentidos más permeados por los supuestos de la “teoría de los dos demonios” que por la memoria dominante de la actualidad en el país.
La sociedad casa como modelo explicativo de la organización social, identidad y política entre los mayas del periodo clásico. Evidencias y reflexiones
Authors: Pool Cab Marcos Noé
Published: February 2017

El presente trabajo explora las bases teóricas y metodológicas del constructo casa como modelo operativo que explica la organización social maya prehispánica del periodo Clásico a través de los datos arqueológicos y epigráficos, contrastados con la información etnográfica. Este ensayo ofrece diferentes evidencias mediante la revisión bibliográfica de autores que, si bien no tratan el tema, aportan información útil para la propuesta.El modelo de sociedades tipo casa fue introducido a los estudios antropológicos a finales de la década de 1970 por el antropólogo francés Lévi-Strauss. En la arqueología maya no ha recibido la atención suficiente, aun cuando investigadores como Armando Anaya (1996) y Susan Gillespie (2000, 2011), entre otros, han expuesto las bondades académicas del modelo para explicar las relaciones sociales y de poder, símbolos y prácticas en la estructura social prehispánica. Aunque el presente artículo sigue la línea de los autores mencionados, no pretende hacer una recapitulación de sus trabajos, sino reflexionar a partir sobre esta propuesta estructuralista como modelo de interpretación.
Flora, usos y algunas causales de cambio en quince huertos familiares en el municipio de José María Morelos, Quintana Roo, México
Authors: Pulido-Salas María Teresa , Ordóñez Díaz María de Jesús , Cálix de Dios Héctor
Published: February 2017

En la zona maya de la Península de Yucatán han surgido cambios en las prioridades cotidianas, que incluyen el manejo del huerto familiar tradicional —llamado localmente solar—. Mediante entrevistas a los dueños y recorridos por las unidades domésticas, se realizó un registro de especies vegetales y su uso, y se documentaron las razones para modificar las prioridades en el huerto, llamado localmente “solar”. En tres poblados del municipio José María Morelos, en Quintana Roo, seleccionamos 15 huertos por su evidente diversidad vegetal. Registramos 72 especies de 40 familias botánicas y 10 categorías de uso. Encontramos dos razones principales que inciden en las prioridades para el manejo del “solar”: la edad de los propietarios y el surgimiento de nuevas fuentes de ingresos monetarios para la familia. Los huertos estudiados están cambiando, sobreviven como Unidad Productiva Familiar (UPF) y como Unidad de Adaptación Social (UAS) manteniendo su función principal de proveedor de alimentos.
On variational approach to photometric stereo
Authors: Chabrowski Jan , Kewei Zhang
Published: February 2017

In this article we discuss a variational aspect of a system of two equations arising in photometric stereo. Assuming that this system has two distinct solutions, we construct a minimizing sequence for any function lying on a segment joining these two solutions. In general, the system in question may have one, two, four or more than four solutions.

Dans cet article, nous étudions l’aspect variationnel d’un système de deux équations intervenant en « vision stéréo ». Sous l’hypothèse que le système a deux solutions distinctes, nous construisons une suite minimisante approchant toutes les fonctions appartenant au segment joignant ces deux solutions. En général, le système étudié peut posséder une, deux, quatre (ou plus) solutions.
Solidarity in Biomedicine and Beyond
Authors: Prainsack Barbara , Buyx Alena
Published: February 2017

In times of global economic and political crises, the notion of solidarity is gaining new currency. This book argues that a solidarity-based perspective can help us to find new ways to address pressing problems. Exemplified by three case studies from the field of biomedicine: databases for health and disease research, personalised healthcare, and organ donation, it explores how solidarity can make a difference in how we frame problems, and in the policy solutions that we can offer.
The Art of Astrophotography
Authors: Morison Ian
Published: February 2017

In The Art of Astrophotography, astronomer and Popular Astronomy columnist Ian Morison provides the essential foundations of how to produce beautiful astronomical images. Every type of astroimaging is covered, from images of the Moon and planets, to the constellations, star clusters and nebulae within our Milky Way Galaxy and the faint light of distant galaxies. He achieves this through a series of worked examples and short project walk-throughs, detailing the equipment needed – starting with just a DSLR (digital single lens reflex) camera and tripod, and increasing in complexity as the book progresses - followed by the way to best capture the images and then how, step by step, these may be processed and enhanced to provide results that can rival those seen in astronomical magazines and books. Whether you are just getting into astrophotography or are already deeply involved, Morison's advice will help you capture and create enticing astronomical images.
Paradigms Lost: Reconfiguring Cahokia’s Mound 72 Beaded Burial
Authors: Emerson Thomas E. , Hedman Kristin M. , Hargrave Eve A. , Cobb Dawn E. , Thompson Andrew R.
Published: February 2017

The Beaded Burial central to F101 within Cahokia’s mound 72Sub1 has been fundamental to some cosmological explanations of the founding of this North American precolumbian polity. The central burial, identified as two males surrounded by retainers, has been interpreted as paradigmatic of a paramount chiefdom, or conversely, as a mythic cosmogram. Recent bioarchaeological reanalysis and two independent osteological studies of F101 and associated burials have identified the presence of male/female pairs, numerous females, and at least one child, suggesting that previous explanations privileging the male Red Horn association should be reexamined. We suggest that 72Sub1 is most likely correlated with ritual practices promoting world creation, renewal, and fertility symbolism.
Julio C. Tello, 1880–1947
Authors: Lothrop S. K.
Published: February 2017

Julio César Tello, outstanding Peruvian archaeologist, was born on April 11, 1880, under humble circumstances in the Indian village of Huarochirí, Department of Lima, in the high Andes. He died on June 3, 1947, in the city of Lima and was buried with the pomp and pageantry accorded to a Minister of State. Tello was of almost pure Indian blood, of which he was proud. His father, Julian Tello, evidently was a man of local importance as he became alcalde, but the family was poor and Julio Tello's first memory was of playing on an adobe floor. His mother was María Asunción Rojas de Tello, a descerident of the last Incacuracawho governed Huarochirí. During his childhood, Julio's father made periodic journeys to the coast where he visited relatives in the small fishing villages south of Lima. He often took his son with him on these trips.
Vladimir J. Fewkes
Authors: Mason J. Alden
Published: February 2017

Relief from several years of pain came to Vladimir J. Fewkes in the University Hospital, Philadelphia, December 11, 1941. His outstanding personality is missed by his colleagues and associates who, however, rejoice that his sufferings are over. He is survived by his widow, Berenice B. Fewkes of Philadelphia.

Dr. Fewkes was born in Nymburk, Czechoslovakia, March 23, 1901. His family was old and prominent in Bohemia; his father was a member of the first Senate of the Czech republic and a close friend of Masaryk. After four years of service in the first World War, Dr. Fewkes came, as a practically penniless immigrant, speaking no English, in 1921, to Philadelphia. His great adaptability is evidenced by the fact that those who met him first a few years later seldom suspected his foreign birth; he had no trace of an accent and was in all respects typically American.
Harlan Ingersoll Smith
Authors: Wintemberg W. J.
Published: February 2017

Harlan Ingersoll Smith, former Chief Archaeologist of the National Museum of Canada, died on January 28, 1940. He was born in East Saginaw, Michigan, February 17, 1872. As a boy he became interested in the many evidences of the former Indian inhabitants scattered over the fields near his home and he formed a small collection of archaeological material. The first opportunity to do actual field work came in 1891, when the late Professor Putnam, Chief of the Anthropological Department of the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, employed him to assist Dr. Charles Metz in the exploration of the well-known Madisonville Village Site in Ohio. This was followed in 1892 by field trips to other sites in Ohio; in 1893 to mounds near Madison Wisconsin, and in 1894, as explorer for the Archaeological Institute of America, to Kalamazoo, Michigan, to investigate the so-called “gardenbeds” near that place.
The Role of Basketry in Early Holocene Small Seed Exploitation: Implications of a Ca. 9,000 Year-Old Basket from Cowboy Cave, Utah
Authors: Geib Phil R. , Jolie Edward A.
Published: February 2017

Despite ranking at the low end of the continuum in net caloric benefit relative to other foods, small seeds assumed great dietary importance in many parts of the world, including western North America. In a series of publications, Adovasio (1970a, 1974, 1980, 1986) argued that coiled basketry technology was invented in the eastern Great Basin during the early Holocene as a specialized food-processing technique. Coiled baskets are indeed useful for collecting and processing seeds, but it does not necessarily follow that they were originally designed for this purpose. A whole basket recently discovered at Cowboy Cave in southeastern Utah returned an AMS radiocarbon assay of 7960 ± 50 B.P., making it currently the earliest directly dated coiled basket from the Americas. This basket is not a parching tray and likely had nothing to do with harvesting seeds. We discuss the implications of this find with regard to tracking the temporal spread of coiled basketry technology in western North America and the role of coiled and twined forms in the initiation of small seed exploitation. Coiled and twined baskets for small seed processing may result from reconfiguration of existing technologies to create novel forms suited to a new food exploitation strategy.
The Identification of Hafting Adhesive on a Slotted Antler Point from a Southwest Yukon Ice Patch
Authors: Helwig Kate , Monahan Valery , Poulin Jennifer
Published: February 2017

This article describes the identification of a hafting adhesive on an antler point, slotted for microblade insertion. The adhesive, found in the slots of the point, would have held the microblades in place. Radiocarbon dated to 7310 ± 40 B.P. (uncalibrated), the point is one of the oldest and best-preserved artifacts recovered from the melting alpine ice patches in southwestern Yukon, Canada. Because the artifact was frozen, the organic components have not degraded and a detailed chemical analysis was possible. Analyses of residue in the slots of the point by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that a conifer resin adhesive was used. The high concentration of diterpene resin acids with an abietane or pimerane skeleton confirmed a Pinaceae source for the resin. There were no chemical markers to indicate that the resin had been strongly heated to produce tar or pitch. Based on a comparison with five Pinaceae resins from trees common to southern Yukon, the resin from the slotted point most closely resembles the chemical profile of spruce (Picea sp.). The identification of this hafting adhesive on a slotted point adds significantly to our understanding of early hunting technology in Yukon.
The Diablo Canyon Fauna: A Coarse-Grained Record of Trans-Holocene Foraging from the Central California Mainland Coast
Authors: Jones Terry L. , Porcasi Judith F. , Gaeta Jereme W. , Codding Brian F.
Published: February 2017

Decades ago the Diablo Canyon site (CA-SLO-2) on the central California mainland revealed one of the oldest and longest sequences (ca. 9400 radiocarbon years ago to contact) of coastal occupation on the shore of the northeastern Pacific. The artifacts from these important deposits were reported in detail by Greenwood (1972), but only a fraction of the site's faunal collections was analyzed in the original site report. Acquisition of 30 additional radiocarbon dates and analysis of the complete vertebrate fauna have produced a coarse-grained record of human foraging on the California mainland from 8300 cal B.C. to cal A.D. 1769. The temporally controlled faunal matrix, constituting one of the largest trans-Holocene records from western North America, speaks in a meaningful way to two significant issues in hunter-gatherer prehistory: early Holocene foraging strategies and economic intensification/resource depression over time. The site’s earliest component suggests a population invested in watercraft and intensely adapted to the interface of land and sea along the northeastern Pacific coastline. While boats were used to access offshore rocks, terrestrial mammals (e.g., black-tailed deer) were also of primary importance. Dominance of deer throughout the Diablo occupations is inconsistent with recent generalizations about big-game hunting as costly signaling in western North American prehistory. Diachronic variation, correlated with superimposed burials that show growth in human populations through the Holocene, includes: (1) modest incremental changes in most taxa, suggesting resource stability and increasing diet breadth; (2) gradual but significant variation in a few taxa, including the flightless duck which was hunted into extinction and eventually replaced by sea otters; (3) punctuated, multidirectional change during the late Holocene related to historic contingencies of the Medieval Climatic Anomaly and protohistoric disruptions.
New Evidence in the Upper Mississippi Valley for Premississippian Cultural Interaction with the American Bottom
Authors: Stoltman James B. , Benden Danielle M. , Boszhardt Robert F.
Published: February 2017

The recovery of anomalous (red-slipped, shell/grog/sandstone-tempered) pottery from three sites in the Upper Mississippi Valley (UMV) prompted a petrographic analysis of thin sections of 21 vessels from these sites. The goal was to evaluate their possible derivation from the American Bottom, the nearest locality where such pottery commonly occurs. Among the 12 UMV vessels tempered with shell (nine red slipped), ten were determined, based on comparisons to thin sections of stylistically similar pottery from the American Bottom, to have essentially identical physical compositions. Additionally, four vessels suspected of being limestone-tempered were determined to have been tempered with a type of sandstone that out-crops only farther south in Illinois and Iowa. Of the three UMV sites, only the Fisher Mounds Site Complex (FMSC) produced the presumed exotic pottery in undisturbed, dated contexts. The petrographic evidence is consistent with the C-14 age and lithic assemblage at FMSC in suggesting an actual influx of people from the American Bottom into the UMV. The time of this influx, the Edelhardt phase of the Emergent Mississippian/Terminal Late Woodland period, ca. cal A.D. 1000-1050, is earlier than previously believed, i.e., precedes the main Mississippian period in the American Bottom.
Forest Opening, Habitat Use, and Food Production on the Cumberland Plateau, Kentucky: Adaptive Flexibility in Marginal Settings
Authors: Gremillion Kristen J. , Windingstad Jason , Sherwood Sarah C.
Published: February 2017

In the rugged uplands of eastern Kentucky, archaeological evidence of pre-maize plant cultivation is largely absent from stream bottom locations, being concentrated instead within upland rockshelters. Some researchers have hypothesized that the apparent failure of early food producers to exploit rich bottomland soils was an economically sound response to the shortcomings of local stream valley habitats. Instead, seed crop farmers favored hillsides and ridgetops, which were less costly to clear and maintain under cultivation than narrow and densely vegetated stream bottoms. We analyze the goodness of fit between hypothetical upland and lowland cultivation systems and new evidence for human interaction with plant communities and the agricultural potential of soils. Seed and wood assemblages indicate a temporal association between increased human interaction with lowland plant communities, higher levels of habitat disturbance, and greater reliance on cultivated plants. However, there is no convincing evidence that plant cultivation caused disturbance and exploitation of lowlands. Expansion of mesic and hydric habitats was in part a response to increased precipitation and frequency and severity of flooding. Floodplains became largely unsuitable for human habitation, contributing to more intensive exploitation of uplands. While ridgetops and steep slopes were both poor locations for cultivated plots, other upland soils on limestone benches also had good agricultural potential, as did the soils on lower colluvial slopes.
An Assessment and Archaeological Application of Cortex Measurement in Lithic Assemblages
Authors: Douglass Matthew J. , Holdaway Simon J. , Fanning Patricia C. , Shiner Justin I.
Published: February 2017

We describe an experimental test and archaeological application of the solid geometry method for the interpretation of cortical surface area in lithic assemblages proposed by Dibble et al. (2005). Experimental results support the method's accuracy while archaeological application to assemblages from western New South Wales, Australia suggests a repeated pattern of the selective removal of artifacts away from their location of manufacture. These findings shed light on the role curation and mobility play in the use and eventual discard of those artifact classes for which conventional measures of curation are not applicable. The results raise new questions about Aboriginal technological organization and land use, while simultaneously highlighting the complex relationship between past human behavior and archaeological assemblage content.
The Timing of the Thule Migration: New Dates from the Western Canadian Arctic
Authors: Friesen T. Max , Arnold Charles D.
Published: February 2017

The Thule migration from Alaska to the eastern North American Arctic is central to the understanding of Inuit history. However, despite decades of study, its timing remains controversial, with recent reappraisals suggesting that it may have occurred much later than the date of A.D. 1000 most often assumed for it. In this paper, we present newly obtained radiocarbon dates from two early Thule sites, Nelson River (OhRh-1) and Washout (NjVi-2), located on the Beaufort Sea and Amundsen Gulf coasts. This region is crucial to any understanding of the migration, because Thule Inuit would have had to pass through it in order to reach the eastern Arctic. Nelson River in particular has long been considered a good candidate for the earliest Thule site east of Alaska, based on a number of lines of evidence including the presence of both Natchuk and Sicco harpoon heads. In this paper, we present new dates for Nelson River and Washout that demonstrate that neither site was occupied before the thirteenth century A.D. The new dates have profound implications for Arctic archaeology, because they strengthen the case for a thirteenth-century migration, and by doing so demonstrate that it was more rapid and widespread than has generally been believed. The dates also suggest that the "Classic" Thule period is a relatively brief phenomenon, lasting perhaps only 200 years or less, before being rapidly reorganized into the diversity of Inuit societies encountered in later Arctic history.
On Archaeology and the Study of Ritual: Considering Inadequacies in the Culture-History Approach and Quests for Internal “Meaning”
Authors: Howey Meghan C. L. , O'Shea John
Published: February 2017

Mason contends that we (Howey and O'Shea 2006) created a "chimera" of the Missaukee Earthworks site as a regional ceremonial center in Late Prehistoric Michigan (A.D. 1200-1600) by misinterpreting archaeological and ethnohistoric data. In considering Mason's critique, we re-emphasize the value, and methods, of studying ritual via material remains and show that Mason’s arguments simply serve to exemplify why the culture-historic approach has failed in its effort to understand the pre-contact Native cultures of the Great Lakes. Whitley contends we are misguided about the aims of archaeological studies of ritual and the place of "meaning" in these studies. In considering the "meaning" archaeologists seek in our studies of past ritual, we emphasize the problems we see in quests for what is ultimately immaterial and unrecoverable, the internal or emotive "meaning" of past ritual.
Pronghorn Dental Age Profiles and Holocene Hunting Strategies at Hogup Cave, Utah
Authors: Byers David A. , Hill Brenda L.
Published: February 2017

In this article, we use pronghorn dental age data to document pronghorn hunting strategies at Hogup Cave, Utah, and explore their relationship with a widespread late Holocene trend in increasing large-game abundances noted in archaeofaunal contexts throughout western North America. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that at Hogup Cave, pronghorn hunting methods changed from a middle Holocene strategy dominated by encounter hunting of individual animals to a late Holocene strategy emphasizing large-scale communal hunting. Our analysis suggests that ancient hunters visiting Hogup Cave most likely employed small-scale encounter hunting during the fall and winter months and that this subsistence pattern varied little between the middle and late Holocene. Moreover, while hunting strategies appear to have remained generally similar throughout the 8,800-year occupational record at Hogup Cave, artiodactyl abundances show a dramatic increase relative to smaller, lower-ranked prey in late Holocene strata, suggesting that a temporal shift in the favored hunting strategy, by itself, cannot explain this trend in every context.
Occasional Hunts or Mass Kills? Investigating the Origins of Archaeological Pronghorn Bonebeds in Southwest Wyoming
Authors: Fenner Jack N.
Published: February 2017

It is often unclear whether an archaeological animal bonebed was formed by a mass kill of individuals from a single prey population or through the accumulation of a number of separate kills which occurred over a long time period or at multiple locations. The isotope ratio variation within animals from an archaeological bonebed can be used to investigate this question by comparing the isotope ratio variation within an archaeological assemblage to the variation within modern populations. If the archaeological variation exceeds that expected within a single population, then an accumulation is indicated. Otherwise, a single mass kill or a series of kills from a single population over a fairly short time period is more likely. This technique is demonstrated using carbon, oxygen, and strontium isotope ratios to characterize the amount of variation within pronghorn tooth enamel from six archaeological sites in southwestern Wyoming. The results indicate that the Austin Wash and Trappers Point sites are the result of an accumulation of pronghorn from multiple populations, while the Firehole Basin, Gailiun, and Boars Tusk sites do not show evidence of accumulation and therefore may be the result of mass kills. The Eden-Farson site formation characteristics are currently indeterminate.