bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promotion of Project «Antiplagiat.RSL» for Raising the Level of Russian Education and Science
Authors: Avdeeva N. V. , Sus I. V.
Published: September 2020

Nowadays the plagiarism problem has become a real nuisance for thespheres of science and education, thus the specialists of the RussianState Library resolved to study the issue in depth. The results ofthose studies were planned to be organized in a series of articles tobe published.Purpose:The article is devoted to the key aspects connected withusage of digital collection of dissertation theses and author’s abstractstogether with the “Antiplagiat.RSL” software for plagiarism tests.There are given grounds for broadening the scope of verification byway of involving more educational and research organizations withtheir works to be studied.Materials and Methods:Using the materials of the results of theplagiarism tests carried out at the Russian State Library and havinganalyzed the foreign publications on the theme, the authors offersystematization of the common types of the borrowings revealed. Thearticle points out their routes and brings forth the prognosis of thedevelopment of Russian education and science in view of plagiarismresentment with drawing the attention of the scientific community tothe existing problem and supporting the atmosphere of intolerancetowards the very phenomenon as such.Results:The authors bring the information concerning the developmentof the digital dissertation base of the RSL. There is given characteristicsof the service offering the scientific and educational establishments ofthe nation to carry out an independent and objective examination ofthe texts to be published. The article would also prove the uniquenessof that kind of offer due to the opportunity to verification of the textsagainst the original database and to the presence of the scientificallysound methodology on which the verifications are based.Conclusions:The necessity of independent and objective evaluation ofincorrect borrowings in thesis and other research papers has long agobeen stated. Still there evidently lacks a somewhat common idea of whoand how could realize the evaluation procedure, and on which groundstoo. The Russian State Library deserves a leading position in this respectfor its possessing a rich collection of research works in Russian and inforeign languages as well. Its expertise could become a part of a certainregulation mechanism for supervising norms of academic integrity.
Targeting COVID-19 in Parkinson’s Patients: Drugs Repurposed
Authors: Anwar Firoz , Naqvi Salma , Al-Abbasi Fahad A. , Neelofar Nauroz , Kumar Vikas , Sahoo Ankit , Kamal Mohammad Amjad
Published: September 2020

:

The last couple of months have witnessed the world in a state of virtual standstill. The
SARS-CoV-2 virus has overtaken the globe to economic and social lockdown. Many patients with
COVID-19 have compromised immunity, especially in an aged population suffering from Parkinson's
disease (PD).

:

Alteration in dopaminergic neurons and deficiency of dopamine in PD patients are the most common
symptoms affecting 1% population above the age of 60 years. The compromised immune system
and inflammatory manifestation in PD patients make them an easy target. The most common
drugs under trial for COVID-19 are remdesivir, favipiravir, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine,
azithromycin along with adjunct drugs like amantadine with some monoclonal antibodies.

:

Presently, clinically US FDA approved drugs in PD include Levodopa, catechol-O-methyl transferase
(COMT) inhibitors, (Entacapone and Tolcapone), dopamine agonists (Bromocriptine,
Ropinirole, Pramipexole, and Rotigotine), monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors (Selegiline
and Rasagiline), amantadine and antimuscarinic drugs. The drugs have established mechanisms of
action on PD patients with known pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties along with
dose and adverse effects.

:

Conclusion and relevance of this review focus on the drugs that can be tried on PD patients with
SAR CoV-2 infection, in particular, amantadine that has been approved by all the developed countries
as a common drug possessing both antiviral properties by downregulation of CTSL, lysosomal
pathway disturbance and change in pH necessary to uncoat the viral proteins and anti-
Parkinson properties. To deal with the significant prognostic adverse effect of SARS-CoV-2 on
PD, the present-day treatment options, clinical presentation and various mechanisms are the need
of the hour.
From Antibacterial to Antitumour Agents: A Brief Review on The Chemical and Medicinal Aspects of Sulfonamides
Authors: Azevedo-Barbosa Helloana , Dias Danielle Ferreira , Franco Lucas Lopardi , Hawkes Jamie Anthony , Carvalho Diogo Teixeira
Published: September 2020

Sulfonamides have been in clinical use for many years, and the development of bioactive
substances containing the sulfonamide subunit has grown steadily in view of their important biological
properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, antioxidant, and antitumour properties. This
review addresses the medicinal chemistry aspects of sulfonamides; covering their discovery, the structure-
activity relationship and the mechanism of action of the antibacterial sulfonamide class, as well as
the physico-chemical and pharmacological properties associated with this class. It also provides an
overview of the various biological activities inherent to sulfonamides, reporting research that emphasises
the importance of this group in the planning and development of bioactive substances, with a special
focus on potential antitumour properties. The synthesis of sulfonamides is considered to be simple
and provides a diversity of derivatives from a wide variety of amines and sulfonyl chlorides. The sulfonamide
group is a non-classical bioisostere of carboxyl groups, phenolic hydroxyl groups and amide
groups. This review highlights that most of the bioactive substances have the sulfonamide group, or a
related group such as sulfonylurea, in an orientation towards other functional groups. This structural
characteristic was observed in molecules with distinct antibacterial activities, demonstrating a clear
structure-activity relationship of sulfonamides. This short review sought to contextualise the discovery
of classic antibacterial sulfonamides and their physico-chemical and pharmacological properties. The
importance of the sulfonamide subunit in Medicinal Chemistry has been highlighted and emphasised,
in order to promote its inclusion in the planning and synthesis of future drugs.
The Therapeutic Effect of Stem Cells on Chemotherapy-Induced Premature Ovarian Failure
Authors: Chen Haoran , Liu Chi , Zhu Shaomi , Li Shaowei , Zhang Qinxiu , Song Linjiang , Liang Xin
Published: September 2020

Premature ovarian failure (POF) refers to ovarian dysfunction in women under
40 years old. It is characterized by low estrogen, high gonadotropin, amenorrhea, and
infertility, which seriously affect physical and mental health of women. The pathogenic
factors of POF include iatrogenic factors, autoimmune factors, genetic factors, oxidative
stress, infection, thyroid dysfunction, and adrenal diseases. Chemotherapy is a common
cause of POF and is gaining increasing attention. With the development of modern
medicine and advances in understanding cancer, women’s cancer survival rates have
been significantly increased. Currently, the main treatment options for POF are hormone
supplement and in vitro activation (IVA), but there is still no specific treatment for POF.
Stem cells, known as undifferentiated cells of multicellular organisms, exhibit
characteristics of self-renewal, directional differentiation into different cells, and low
immunogenicity. Thus, they have potential in regenerative medicine and provide a
promising direction for POF treatment. In this review, we summarize the latest research
progress of various stem cells in chemotherapy-induced POF models to provide a
theoretical basis for further research and treatment.
Gastric Cancer Diagnosis: From Imaging Techniques to Biochemical Biomarkers
Authors: Tavakoli Fatemeh , Khatami Sara Sadat , Momeni Fatemeh , Azadbakht Javid , Ghasemi Faezeh
Published: September 2020

Gastric cancer (GC) has been found to be the second leading cause of
cancer-associated deaths in the world, and is usually detected in the advanced stages. It
has been shown that surgery is the major therapeutic approach in the treatment of
subjects with GC. Hence, early and fast diagnosis of this malignancy is very important
for good subject outcomes. Non-invasive diagnostic platforms, including evolutionary
endoscopy and positron emission tomography (PET), are employed for the diagnosis of
subjects with GC. Along with imaging techniques, the utilization of biomarkers has
emerged as a new diagnosis option for early and fast detection of GC. Multiple lines of
evidence have revealed a variety of biomarkers, including microRNAs, exosomes,
circulating tumor cells, circular RNAs, cell free DNAs, and various proteins, which could
be used as diagnostic biomarkers in patients with GC. Taken together, these findings
suggest that the joint application of imaging techniques and different biomarkers could
be introduced as a new detection approach in the treatment and screening response to
therapy in the subjects with GC. Herein, we have summarized various imaging
techniques and biomarkers as powerful tools in the detection of GC.
Solid Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (Solid SEDDS) for Testosterone Undecanoate: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation
Authors: Liang Xi , Hua Yabing , Liu Qian , Li Zhiguo , Yu Fanglin , Gao Jing , Zhang Hui , Zheng Aiping
Published: September 2020

Objective:

The current study aimed to investigate the potential of Solid Self-Emulsifying
Drug Delivery Systems (solid SEDDS) loaded with Testosterone Undecanoate (TU) (solid TUSEDDS).
The solid TU-SEDDS was composed of TU, Medium-Chain Triglycerides (MCT, oil), 2-
Chloro-1-(chloromethyl) ethyl carbamate (EL-35, surfactant) and polyethylene glycol (PEG400, cosurfactant).
It was expected to improve the dissolution and oral bioavailability of TU, as a result of
investigating the feasibility of the clinical application of SEDDS.

Methods:

First, a TU-SEDDS was developed by using rational blends of components with the
good solubilizing ability for TU. Next, a ternary phase diagram was constructed to determine the
self-emulsifying region, and the formulation was optimized. Then, the solid TU-SEDDS formulation
was established by screening suitable solid adsorptions. Finally, the prepared SEDDS, TUSEDDS
and solid TU-SEDDS formulations were evaluated in vitro and in vivo.

Results:

The size of the solid TU-SEDDS was 189.1 ± 0.23 nm. The Transmission Electron Microscopy
(TEM) results showed that the oil droplets were homogenous and spherical with good integrity.
The Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and X-Ray Powder Dffraction (XRD) results indicated
that the solid TU-SEDDS formulation almost preserves the amorphous state. Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM) indicated that neusilin US2 successfully adsorbed the TU-SEDDS. Drug
release indicated that the dissolution of the solid TU-SEDDS was faster than that of Andriol Testocaps
®. Furthermore, in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats showed
that the Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the solid TU-SEDDS (487.54±208.80 μg/L×h) was higher
than that of Andriol Testocaps® (418.93±273.52 μg/L×h, P < 0.05). In beagles not fed a high-fat diet,
the AUC of the solid TU-SEDDS (5.81±4.03 μg/L×h) was higher than that of Andriol Testocaps
® (5.53±3.43 μg/L×h, P > 0.05). In beagles fed a high-fat diet, the AUC of the solid TUSEDDS
(38.18±21.90 μg/L×h) was higher than that of Andriol Testocaps® (37.17±13.79 μg/L×h, P
> 0.05).

Conclusion:

According to the results of this research, oral solid TU-SEDDS is expected to be
another alternative delivery system for the late-onset hypogonadism. This is beneficial to the transformation
of existing drug delivery systems into preclinical and clinical studies.
Solubility Enhancement of Methotrexate by Solid Nanodispersion Approach for the Improved Treatment of Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Rajalingam Karthikeyan , Krishnaswami Venkateshwaran , Alagarsamy Shanmugarathinam , Kandasamy Ruckmani
Published: September 2020

Aims:

The present work aimed to develop MT loaded solid Nano dispersion by improving its
solubility, half-life and bioavailability in biological system thereby this formulation may be afforded
economically.

Background:

Small cell lung carcinoma is a type of malignant tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell
growth at lung tissues. The potent anti-cancer drug methotrexate (MT) chosen for the present work is
poorly soluble in water (BCS type IV class) with short half-life and hepatotoxic effect.

Objective:

With the concept of polymeric surfactant to improve the solubility along with wettability of
drugs, the present work has been hypothesized to improve its solubility using polyvinyl pyrollidone
(PVP K30) polymer and α- tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) surfactant, thereby
the bioavailability is expected to get enhanced. By varying the PVP K30 and TPGS ratios different formulations
were developed using emulsification process.

Methods:

The developed MT loaded solid nanodispersion was further characterized for its particle size,
charge, morphology, encapsulation efficiency and in-vitro release behavior etc.

Results:

The results of FT-IR spectrometric analysis indicated the compatibility nature of MTX,
PVPK30 and TPGS. The developed formulations showed spherical morphology, particle size ranging
from 59.28±24.2 nm to 169.33±10.85 nm with a surface charge ranging from -10.33 ± 2.81mV to -9.57
± 1.2 mV. The in vitro release studies as performed by dialysis bag method showed a sustained release
pattern as checked by UV Spectrophotometer. Residual solvent analysis for MTXNDs performed by
HPLC indicates there is no residual DMSO in the formulation. Transmission electron microscopic image
of MTXNDs revealed that the particles are spherical shaped with a solid core structure. Haemolytic
assay indicates that the developed formulation is safe for intravenous administration. Cell culture studies
in A549 cells indicates the enhanced cytotoxic effect for the developed formulation.

Conclusion:

This proof of study indicates that the developed formulation may have anticancer potential
for SCLC treatment.
Potential Inhibitors of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTP1B) Enzyme: Promising Target for Type-II Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Nandi Sisir , Saxena Mridula
Published: September 2020

Background:

There has been growing interest in the development of highly potent and
selective protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP1B) inhibitors for the past 2-3 decades. Though most
PTPs share a common active site motif, the interest in selective inhibitors, particularly against PTP1B
is increasing to discover new chemical entities as antidiabetic agents. In the current paradigm to find
potent and selective PTP1B inhibitors, which is currently considered as one of the best validated
biological targets for non-insulin-dependent diabetic and obese individuals, resistance to insulin due
to decreased sensitivity of the insulin receptor is a pathological factor and is also genetically linked,
causing type II diabetes.

Objectives:

Insulin receptor sensitization is performed by a signal transduction mechanism via a
selective protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP1B). After the interaction of insulin with its receptor,
autophosphorylation of the intracellular part of the receptor takes place, turning it into an active
kinase (sensitization). PTP1B is involved in the desensitization of the receptor by dephosphorylation.
PTP1b inhibitors delay the receptor desensitization, prolonging insulin effect and making PTP1B as a
drug target for the treatment of diabetes II. Therefore, it has become a major target for the discovery
of potent drugs for the treatment of type II diabetes and obesity. An attempt has been made in the
present study to discuss the latest design and discovery of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP1B) inhibitors.

Methods:

Many PTP1B inhibitors such as diaminopyrroloquinazoline, triazines, pyrimido triazine derivatives,
2-(benzylamino)-1-phenylethanol, urea, acetamides and piperazinylpropanols,
phenylsulphonamides and phenylcarboxamide, benzamido, arylcarboxylic acid derivatives, arylsupfonyl
derivatives, thiazoles, isothiozolidiones and thiazolodinones have been discussed, citing the disease
mechanisms.

Results:

The reader will gain an overview of the structure and biological activity of recently developed
PTPs inhibitors.

Conclusion:

The co-crystallized ligands and the screened inhibitors could be used as a template for
the further design of potent congeners.
The Role of Purinergic Signaling in Trichomonas vaginalis Infection
Authors: Ferla Micheli , Tasca Tiana
Published: September 2020

Trichomoniasis, one of the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infections worldwide,
is caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. The pathogen colonizes the human urogenital
tract, and the infection is associated with complications such as adverse pregnancy outcomes, cervical
cancer, and an increase in HIV transmission. The mechanisms of pathogenicity are multifactorial, and
controlling immune responses is essential for infection maintenance. Extracellular purine nucleotides are
released by cells in physiological and pathological conditions, and they are hydrolyzed by enzymes
called ecto-nucleotidases. The cellular effects of nucleotides and nucleosides occur via binding to purinoceptors,
or through the uptake by nucleoside transporters. Altogether, enzymes, receptors and transporters
constitute the purinergic signaling, a cellular network that regulates several effects in practically
all systems including mammals, helminths, protozoa, bacteria, and fungi. In this context, this review updates
the data on purinergic signaling involved in T. vaginalis biology and interaction with host cells,
focusing on the characterization of ecto-nucleotidases and on purine salvage pathways. The implications
of the final products, the nucleosides adenosine and guanosine, for human neutrophil response and vaginal
epithelial cell damage reveal the purinergic signaling as a potential new mechanism for alternative
drug targets.
Role of Hydrogen Sulfide and Polysulfides in Neurological Diseases: Focus on Protein S-Persulfidation
Authors: Sun Hai-Jian , Wu Zhi-Yuan , Nie Xiao-Wei , Bian Jin-Song
Published: September 2020

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and hydrogen polysulfides are recognized as important signaling
molecules that are generated physiologically in the body, including the central nervous system
(CNS). Studies have shown that these two molecules are involved in cytoprotection against oxidative
stress and inflammatory response. In the brain system, H2S and polysulfides exert multiple
functions in both health and diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease
(PD), Huntington's disease (HD), memory decline, and glioma. Mechanistically, S-Persulfidation
(also known as S-sulfuration or S-sulfhydration) of target proteins is believed to be a fundamental
mechanism that underlies H2S-regulated signaling pathways. Cysteine S-Persulfidation is an important
paradigm of post translational protein modification in the process of H2S signaling. This model
is established as a critical redox mechanism to regulate numerous biological functions, especially
in H2S-mediated neuroprotection and neurogenesis. Although the current research of S-Persulfidation
is still in its infancy, accumulative evidence suggests that protein S-Persulfidation may share
similar characteristics with protein S-nitrosylation. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive
insight into the S-Persulfidation biology of H2S and polysulfides in neurological ailments and presume
potential avenues for therapeutic development in these disorders based on S-Persulfidation of
target proteins.
A Scientometrics Analysis and Visualization of Depressive Disorder
Authors: Xu Dong , Wang Yi-Lun , Wang Kun-Tang , Wang Yue , Dong Xin-Ran , Tang Jie , Cui Yuan-Lu
Published: September 2020

Multiple studies on the pathomechanisms of depressive disorder and antidepressants
have been reported. However, literature involving scientometric analysis of depressive disorder is
sparse. Here, we use scientometric analysis and a historical review to highlight recent research on
depression. We use the former to examine research on depressive disorders from 1998 to 2018.
The latter is used to identify the most frequent keywords in keyword analysis, as well as explore
hotspots and depression trends. Scientometric analysis uncovered field distribution, knowledge
structure, research topic evolution, and topics emergence as main explorations in depressive disorder.
Induction factor, comorbidity, pathogenesis, therapy and animal models of depression help illustrate
occurrence, development and treatment of depressive disorder. Scientometric analysis
found 231,270 research papers on depression, a 4-fold increase over the last 20 years. These findings
offer a vigorous roadmap for further studies in this field.
In Silico Analysis of Relative Rareness, Codon Usage, and Enzymesubstrate Docking of Lampyroidea Maculata luciferase
Authors: Mortazavi Mojtaba , Hosseinkhani Saman , Torkzadeh-Mahani Masoud , Lotfi Safa , Emamzadeh Rahman , Ghasemi Younes
Published: September 2020

Aim:

The purpose of this study was to conduct in silico analysis of the Lampyroidea
maculata luciferase enzyme.

Background:

Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by the luciferase enzymes
in a living organism. The luciferase enzyme has been widely used in biotechnology due to its excellent
properties.

Objective:

Recently, the new gene of the luciferase from the Lampyroidea maculata, has been
cloned and characterized.

Methods:

In the following, in silico analysis of this enzyme were conducted by structural modeling
in the I-TASSER web server. Finally, the binding site properties were studied using the AutoDock
Vina. In the following, the codon usage bias parameters as the CAI, CBI, ENC, and the base composition
of this sequence were studied. After analysis of the base composition, it was found that the
coding DNA sequence is rich in AT. Moreover, the indices GC1, GC2, and GC3 were computed to
establish the relationship among three codon positions. On the other hand, the GC2 has a much lower
frequency.

Results:

By molecular modeling, some rare codons were identified that may have a critical role in
the structure and function of this luciferase. The GC3% of the CDs was 17/304 and GC3 Skewness
was 0.115. The GC content at the first codon position (GC1) and second codon position (GC2) was
compared with that of the third codon position (GC3). AutoDock Vina was used in the molecular
docking that recognizes some residues that yield closely related to the ADSL binding site. This
bioinformatics analyzes play an important role in the design of new drugs.

Conclusion:

Previous studies show that mutation pressure and natural selection reasons for codon
usage variation among different genes. If the mutational pressure was the only effective reason for
the codon usage bias, then the frequency of nucleotides C and G should be equal to A and T at the
synonymous third codon position. By these analyses, a new understanding of the sequence and
structure of this enzyme was created, and our findings can be used in some fields of clinical and industrial
biotechnology.
Structural Investigations of Aroylindole Derivatives through 3D-QSAR and Multiple Pharmacophore Modeling for the Search of Novel Colchicines Inhibitor
Authors: Patel Vijay Kumar , Rajak Harish
Published: September 2020

Background :

The ligand and structure based integrated strategies are being repeatedly
and effectively employed for the precise search and design of novel ligands against various disease
targets. Aroylindole derivative has a similar structural analogy as Combretastatin A-4, and exhibited
potent anticancer activity on several cancer cell lines.

Objective:

To identify structural features of aroylindole derivatives through 3D-QSAR and multiple
pharmacophore modelling for the search of novel colchicines inhibitor via virtual screening.

Method:

The present study utilizes ligand and structure based methodology for the establishment
of structure activity correlation among trimethoxyaroylindole derivatives and the search of novel
colchicines inhibitor via virtual screening. The 3D-QSAR studies were performed using Phase module
and provided details of relationship between structure and biological activity. A single ligand
based pharmacophore model was generated from Phase on compound 3 and compound 29 and three
energetically optimized structure based pharmacophore models were generated from epharmacophore
for co-crystallized ligand, compound 3 and compound 29 with protein PBD ID
1SA0, 5EYP and 5LYJ. These pharmacophoric features containing hit-like compounds were collected
from commercially available ZINC database and screened using virtual screening workflow.

Results and Discussion:

The 3D-QSAR model studies with good PLSs statistics for factor four was
characterized by the best prediction coefficient Q2 (0.8122), regression R2 (0.9405), SD (0.2581), F
(102.7), P (1.56e-015), RMSE (0.402), Stability (0.5411) and Pearson-r (0.9397). The generated epharmacophores
have GH scores over 0.5 and AUAC ≥ 0.7 indicated that all the pharmacophores
were suitable for pharmacophore-based virtual screening. The virtual screened compounds
ZINC12323179, ZINC01642724, and ZINC14238006 have showed similar structural alignment as
co-crystallized ligand and showed the hydrogen bonding of ligand with ASN101, SER178,
THR179, VAL238, CYS241 amino acid of protein.

Conclusion:

The study illustrates that the ligand and structure based pharmacophoric approach is
beneficial for identification of structurally diverse hits, having better binding affinity on colchicines
binding site as novel anticancer agents.
Effects of Menopausal Symptoms on Work Life and Organizational Environment
Authors: Besen Meltem Aydın , Eker Aslı , Yurdakul Mine
Published: September 2020

Background:

Every working woman has the right to continue to live as a healthy individual.
The working environment has important effects on the general health status and reproductive
health of women. If menopause period of women is not taken into consideration and if appropriate
arrangements are not made at workplaces, their work performance and productivity decrease.
It is important to have detailed knowledge about factors creating risk for health in order to develop
effective policies and programs directed towards preventing them.

Objective:

This study was performed to determine the perceived effects of menopause on work life
and attitudes of an institution towards menopausal women.

Methods:

The study population included 419 women aged 45-55 years and working at a university.
Out of 419 women, 291 could be contacted. Data were collected with a questionnaire composed of
questions about descriptive characteristics, effects of menopause on work life, and support from and
attitudes of the institution about menopause. Data collected to reveal menopausal women’s experiences
at work were analyzed with statistical methods frequency, percentages, and mean.

Results:

The mean age at which menopause started was 47 years and 89.7% of the women experienced
menopausal complaints.

Conclusions:

Physical conditions at work and stressors were found to increase menopausal complaints
and had a negative effect on work performance.
Strategies of Comfort Management During Childbirth: A Qualitative Systematic Review
Authors: Chaisitsanguan Kunnikar , Kongvattananon Puangpaka , Somprasert Chomchuen
Published: September 2020

Background:

Childbirth is often conducted in a traditional biomedical paradigm. Nature’s
simple plan for birth has been replaced by a maternity care system that increases unnecessary
risks for mother and child. Strategies of comfort management can guide nurse professionals to face
serious challenges and help a woman get benefits from normal birth.

Objective:

The purpose of this article is to determine strategies of comfort management in pregnant
women during childbirth.

Methods:

Published articles from the electric databases, including CINAHL, PsyINFO, Pubmed,
Cochrane, ThaiJO and other sources, were included from January 1, 2009, to March 1, 2019. The
PICo mnemonics were used to guide the research question. The PICo tool was applied for search
strategies. Two authors evaluated title, abstract and quality. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for
Qualitative Research has been used as a methodology for appraising the quality of all studies. Data
were extracted by using a standard data extract tool from the JBI-Qualitative Appraisal tool by two
independent researchers. Ten published articles have been selected to study by the PRISMA process.

Results:

Six themes of the strategy of comfort management emerged: 1) encourage a strong sense
of self-control 2) support and continuous attendance 3) education and information 4) multidisciplinary
approach 5) environment preparation and 6) attending a woman’s need.

Conclusion:

This study adds new knowledge about the strategies of comfort management that may
guide the midwife with expanded options for women during childbirth, give the midwife understanding
of their role and can provide comfort in effective childbirth.
The Effect of Sex Education and Counseling on the Sexual Function of Iranian Reproductive Age Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ranjbaran Mehdi , Omani-Samani Reza , Alimoradi Zainab , Mansori Kamyar , Chizari Mina , Ghandian Ali , Mahdavi Nader , Hafezi Maryam
Published: September 2020

Background:

The prevalence of female sexual dysfunction is high and various interventions
are used for the treatment of this disorder.

Objective:

This systematic review and meta-analysis study aimed to determine the effect of sex
education and counseling on the sexual function of Iranian married reproductive age women.

Methods:

We searched the international databases, including ISI Web of Sciences, Pub-
Med/Medline, Scopus and local databases for published randomized clinical trials without time
limitation until March 2020. Mean Difference (MD) with 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) was
considered as a summary effect. In order to identify factors related to heterogeneity between studies,
we conducted subgroups and Meta-regression analysis.

Results:

The results showed significant differences in the pooled mean score of female sexual function
between intervention and control groups (MD=5.03, CI 95 %; 3.42 to 6.65). The education and
counseling were more effective in pregnant women (MD= 6.34, CI 95 %; 4.31 to 8.38), than other
married women (MD= 3.87, CI 95 %; 1.25 to 6.49). Counseling interventions (MD= 5.58, CI 95 %; 3.22
to 7.93) were more effective than other sexual education methods (MD= 4.31, CI 95 %; 2.06 to 6.67).

Conclusion:

Educational and counseling interventions could improve the sexual performance of
women, and interventions were more effective in pregnant women. The effectiveness of counseling
interventions was better than education.
Evaluation of Ligustrazine-Based Synthetic Compounds for their Antiproliferative Effects
Authors: Bukhari Syed N.A. , Alotaibi Nasser H. , Ahmad Waqas , Alharbi Khalid S. , Abdelgawad Mohamed A. , Al-Sanea Mohammad M. , Ahmad Muhammad M. , Amjad Muhammad W. , Raja Maria A.G. , Hussain Muhammad A.
Published: September 2020

Background:

Ligustrazine and chalcones have been reported previously for various
biological activities including anticancer effects.

Objectives:

Based on the multitargeted biological activities approach of ligustrazine-based chalcones,
in the current study 18 synthetic ligustrazine-containing α, β-unsaturated carbonyl-based 1, 3-
Diphenyl-2-propen-1-one derivatives were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the growth of five
different types of cancer cells.

Methods:

All the compounds were evaluated for anticancer effects on various cancer cell lines by
propidium iodide fluorescence assay and various other assays were performed for mechanistic studies.

Results:

A majority of compounds exhibited strong inhibition of cancer cells, especially synthetic
compounds 4a and 4b, bearing 1-Pyridin-3-yl-ethanone as a ketone moiety in the main structural
backbone were found to be most powerful inhibitors of cancer cell growth. Nine most active compounds
among the whole series were selected for further studies related to different cancer targets, including
EGFR TK kinases, tubulin polymerization, KAF and BRAFV600E.

Conclusion:

Synthetic derivatives, including 4a-b and 5a-b showed a multitarget approach and
strong inhibitory effects on EGFR, FAK and BRAF while three compounds, including 3e bearing
methoxy substitution, 4a and 4b with 1-pyridin-3-yl-ethanone moiety showed the inhibition of tubulin
polymerization.
Development and Validation of an HPLC Method for the Quantification of Morin Flavonoid Encapsulated within PLGA Nanoparticles
Authors: Alonso Mario , Barcia Emilia , Córdoba-Díaz Manuel , Negro Sofia , Córdoba-Díaz Damián , Fernández-Carballido Ana
Published: September 2020

Background:

Morin flavonoid exerts neuroprotective effects with potential interest in neurodegenerative
disorders. For this, the use of surface-modified polymeric nanoparticles loaded with morin is an interesting approach.

Objective:

To develop and validate an HPLC method for the quantification of morin released from a new delivery
system consisting of poly lactic-co-glycolic (PLGA) nanoparticles functionalized with the dipeptide phe-phe
(phenylalanine-phenylalanine) used to facilitate their access to the CNS.

Method:

The HPLC procedure was developed and validated with morin hydrate dissolved either in methanol (method A)
or in methanol: 0.1N HCl (50:50, v/v, method B). Two new nanoparticle formulations were developed and characterized:
morin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (formulation F1), and morin-loaded PLGA phe-phe nanoparticles (formulation F2).

Results:

Method A was linear within the concentration range of 5-30 μg.mL-1 and, 1-30 μg mL-1
for method B. LOD and LOQ with method A were 1.23 μg.mL-1 and 3.90 μg.mL-1, respectively,
and 0.481 μg.mL-1 and 1.458 μg.mL-1, respectively for method B. The average amount of phe-phe
bound to formulation F2 (50 mg of NPs) was 431.33 μg. The encapsulation efficiency of morin
within PLGA nanoparticles was around 80%. After functionalization, this value decreased significantly.

Conclusion:

Method B showed better sensitivity, accuracy and precision for the quantification of morin. The procedure
used to functionalize the nanoparticles was adequate for linking the dipeptide to their surfaces, but this procedure is not
adequate when encapsulating water-soluble compounds.
Impact of COVID-19 on Indian Pharmaceutical Industry and Way Forward
Authors: Jadhav Nikita Vijay , Singh Nisha , Targhotra Monika , Chauhan Meenakshi K.
Published: September 2020

Background:

As countries and industries continue to cope with the unparalleled challenges
presented by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), a specific area of concern has been the uncertainty
surrounding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global and Indian supply
chains of the pharmaceutical industry. The COVID-19 crisis has demonstrated the importance of
establishing a risk management system that focuses on assessing future risks resulting from the
loss of a supply chain among countries.

Objective:

This review focuses on the role of the Indian pharmaceutical industry towards the pandemic.
This review investigates the economic effect of COVID-19 across segments and what it implies
for the Indian economy.

Method:

The COVID 19 flare-up has additionally commenced the Indian pharmaceutical organizations an opportunity to
transform into a supported trade place point for gathering drugs and intermediates.

Result:

An enormous pharmaceutical industry in India has consistently been a foundation of reasonable
human services, and this pattern would now be able to be required to heighten further.

Conclusion:

The activities from COVID-19 are with a need to change the overall impression of Indian
pharmaceutical associations and even more altogether, reduce the dependence of the private
pharma associations on alone suppliers like China.
The Impetus of COVID -19 in Multiple Organ Affliction Apart from Respiratory Infection: Pathogenesis, Diagnostic Measures and Current Treatment Strategy
Authors: Baby Bilha , Devan Aswathy R , Nair Bhagyalakshmi , Nath Lekshmi R.
Published: September 2020

The pandemic spread of COVID 19 caused by the novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV- 2)
produced a tremendous effect on the life of humanity across the globe. The epidemiological studies
revealed the drastic spectrum of SARS-CoV 2 infection ranging from mere flu-like symptoms to severe
respiratory suppression within a short period. Initially, cases have been confined in the emerging
point, Wuhan, China. But, within a few months, it has spread all over 212 countries around the
globe and presently has become a severe threat to human life. Even though it is a severe acute respiratory
syndrome virus, recent reports came with multiple organ effects of SARS-CoV 2, suggesting
the virulence potential of this novel virus to sweep the planet in the absence of a proper vaccine or
therapy. In this review, we discuss the multi-organ pathophysiology of COVID-19 infection, together
with the treatment methods adopted and innovative diagnostic methods used.
Involvement of the AcrAB Efflux Pump in Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Clinical Klebsiella Pneumoniae Isolates
Authors: Khoshnood Saeed , Heidary Mohsen , Hashemi Ali , Shahi Fatemeh , Saki Morteza , Kouhsari Ebrahim , Eslami Gita , Goudarzi Hossein
Published: September 2020

Background:

Increasing prevalence of multiple antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae
strains confines the therapeutic options used to treat bacterial infections.

Objective:

We aimed in this study to investigate the role of AcrAB, qepA efflux pump, and AAC(6′)-Ib-cr enzyme in ciprofloxacin resistance and to detect the RAPD-PCR fingerprint of K. pneumoniae isolates.

Methods:

A total of , 117 K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from hospitalized patients in three
hospitals in Tehran, Iran, from August 2013 to March 2014. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were
performed by the disk diffusion method. Molecular identification and expression level of encoding
quinolone resistance genes, acrA, acrB, qepA, and aac(6')-Ib-cr, were performed by PCR and real--
time PCR assays, respectively. All the K. pneumoniae isolates containing the mentioned genes
were used simultaneously for RAPD-PCR typing.

Results:

Colistin and carbapenems were the most efficient antibiotics against the clinical isolates
of K. pneumoniae. PCR assay demonstrated that among the 117 isolates, 110 (94%) and 102 (87%)
were positive for acrA and acrB gene and 5 (4%) and 100 (85%) isolates showed to have qepA and
aac(6′)-Ib-cr genes, respectively. Determination for AcrAB pump expression in 21% of strains demonstrated
an increased expression, and the mean increase expression for acrB genes was 0.5-81.
The results of RAPD-PCR reflected that in 95% CI, all isolates belonged to a clone.

Conclusion:

A high prevalence of genes encoding quinolone resistance in K. pneumoniae was detected
in clinical samples. Therefore, the control of infection and prevention of drug-resistant bacteria
spread need careful management of medication and identification of resistant isolates.
An Experimental and Theoretical Approach to Understand Fever, DENF & its Cure
Authors: Vishvakarma Vijay Kumar , Chandra Ramesh , Singh Prashant
Published: September 2020

Fever is a response of a human body, due to an increase in the temperature, against certain
stimuli. It may be associated with several reasons and one of the major causes of fever is a
mosquito bite. Fever due to dengue virus (DENV) infection is being paid most attention out of several
other fever types because of a large number of deaths reported worldwide. Dengue virus is
transmitted by biting of the mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. DENV1, DENV2,
DENV3 and DENV4 are the four serotypes of dengue virus and these serotypes have 65% similarities
in their genomic structure. The genome of DENV is composed of single-stranded RNA and it
encodes for the polyprotein. Structural and non-structural proteins (nsP) are the two major parts of
polyprotein. Researchers have paid high attention to the non-structural protease (nsP) of DENV
like nsP1, nsP2A, nsP2B, nsP3, nsP4A, nsP4B and nsP5. The NS2B-NS3 protease of DENV is the
prime target of the researchers as it is responsible for the catalytic activity. In the present time,
Dengvaxia (vaccine) is being recommended to patients suffering severely from DENV infection in
few countries only. Till date, neither a vaccine nor an effective medicine is available to combat all
four serotypes. This review describes the fever, its causes, and studies to cure the infection due to
DENV using theoretical and experimental approaches.
Design and Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Aza-Resveratrol Analogs with Potent Cholinesterase Inhibition
Authors: Biscussi Brunella , Richmond Victoria , Baier Carlos Javier , Mañez Pau Arroyo , Murray Ana Paula
Published: September 2020

Background:

Currently approved Alzheimer’s disease medications mainly comprise acetylcholinesterase
inhibitors. Many of these inhibitors are either natural compounds or synthetic molecules
inspired in natural compounds. Hybrid molecules that can interact with different target sites of the enzyme
could lead to the discovery of effective multitarget drugs.

Objective:

To design, synthesize, and evaluate a series of new aza-resveratrol analogs as in vitro acetyl-
and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors.

Methods:

The synthesis is achieved by a simple and efficient microwave-assisted method, from commercially
available starting materials. Compounds are designed as hybrids of an aza-stilbene nucleus
(Schiff base) connected to a tertiary amine by a hydrocarbon chain of variable length, designed to interact
both with the peripheric anionic site and the catalytic site of the enzyme.

Results:

All the derivatives inhibit both enzymes in a concentration-dependent manner, acting as moderate
to potent cholinesterase inhibitors. The most potent inhibitors are compounds 12b (IC50 = 0.43
μM) and 12a (IC50 = 0.31 μM) for acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase, respectively. Compounds 12a
and 12b also exhibit significant acetylcholinesterase inhibition in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma
cells without cytotoxic properties. Enzyme kinetic studies and molecular modeling reveal that inhibitor
12b targets both the catalytic active site and the peripheral anionic site of acetylcholinesterase what
makes it able to modulate the self-induced β-amyloid aggregation. Furthermore, the molecular modeling
analysis helps to assess the impact of the linker length in the inhibitory activity of this family of
new cholinesterase inhibitors.

Conclusion:

These compounds have the potential to serve as a dual binding site inhibitor and might
provide a useful template for the development of new anti-Alzheimer’s disease agents.
Association Between Heart Rate Variability and Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yuan , Wang Junjie , Li Xinyi , Jing Wei , Omorodion Itohan , Liu Lei
Published: September 2020

Aim:

A systematic review which aims to assess the evidence regarding the function of the autonomic
heart rate regulation system among Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. The main objective of the study is to compare
heart rate variability (HRV) between those with and without PD from published studies. The subgroup analyses
aimed to investigate the impact of treatment and disease duration on heart rate variability (HRV), assessed
by measuring sympathetic and parasympathetic activity via low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) power
spectrum scores, in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Methods:

PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science were searched using the keywords “Parkinson’s
disease” and “heart rate variability”. Studies that reported at least one HRV variable were included. The
quality of the included studies was evaluated, and the relevant information was extracted. A meta-analysis was
carried out with Stata software. We followed the PRISMA guidelines for all stages of the meta-analysis. PROSPERO
registration number: CRD42021242766.

Results:

Thirteen references (16 studies) were included in our analysis. The LF values (g -0.27; 95% confidence
interval (CI) -0.53 to -0.01) of the patients with PD were lower than the controls. No significant differences in HF
values (g -0.11; 95% CI -0.28 to 0.06) were observed between groups. Subgroup analyses of HRV outcomes in
patients stratified by treatment status and disease duration were performed. For LF, patients with a disease duration
of less than 5 years presented lower HF (g -0.25; 95% CI -0.44 to -0.06) values than controls. Regarding HF,
patients receiving treatment presented lower HF (g -0.22; 95% CI -0.40 to 0.05) values than controls, and patients
with a disease duration greater than 5 years also presented lower HF (g -0.29; 95% CI -0.56 to -0.03) values than
controls.

Discussion:

We have confirmed and elaborated on the hypothesis of sympathovagal imbalance in PD.
Knowledge of the effect of sympathovagal balance on HRV may inform the design of therapeutic regimens for
PD. However, between-study heterogeneity and methodological issues limit the generalizability of the evidence;
thus, future studies employing strict methodologies are warranted.

Conclusion:

Our meta-analysis found that PD is associated with reduced HRV values, which indicates that both
sympathetic and vagal activities are decreased. Patients in the early stage of PD have sympathetic autonomic
nerve dysfunction, with only minor damage to sympathetic activity.
Coronaviruses and Endocrine System: A Systematic Review on Evidence and Shadows
Authors: Parolin Matteo , Parisotto Matteo , Zanchetta Francesca , Sartorato Paola , De Menis Ernesto
Published: September 2020

Coronaviruses are a big family of viruses that can infect mammalians and birds. In humans
they mainly cause respiratory tract infections, with a large spectrum of severity, from mild,
self-limited infections to highly lethal forms as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
(SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and Coronavirus Disease
2019 (COVID-19). Scanty data are reported for the involvement of endocrine glands in human
coronaviruses, in particular SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we summarize endocrinological involvement
in human coronaviruses, including data on animal coronaviruses. Avians, ferrets and
bovine are affected by specific coronavirus syndromes, with variable involvement of endocrine
glands. SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 use angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a target receptor,
so ACE2 plays a central role in viral transmission and initial organ involvement. Autoptic
studies on SARS patients revealed that thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary gland, endocrine pancreas
and especially adrenals and testis could be impaired by different mechanisms (direct damage by
SARS-CoV, inflammation, vascular derangement and autoimmune reactions) and few clinical
studies have evidenced functional endocrine impairment. Only few data are available for
COVID-19 and gonads and endocrine pancreas seem to be involved. International endocrinological
societies have brought some recommendations for the COVID-19 pandemic, but further studies
need to be performed, especially to detect long-term hormonal sequelae.