bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stress Concentration Factors at Welded Connections Between Tubular Sections and a Transverse Plate
Authors: Lotsberg Inge
Published: November 2020

Welded connections between tubulars and transverse plates are used to build together part structures such as support of flare towers and wind turbines and deck structures on foundation structures. They are used in traditional jacket structures for oil and gas production and in support structures for wind turbines. These welded connections are typically made from the outside resulting in a weld root on the inside and a weld toe on the outside. Different S–N curves apply to these positions; therefore, stresses both on the inside and the outside are needed for fatigue assessment. From the actual design, it is noted that the thicknesses of the tubulars being connected can be different. Also, the diameters of the tubulars can be different. In addition, the fabrication is associated with some fabrication tolerances that provide local eccentricity moments to be transferred through these connections. In this paper, analytical expressions for stress concentration factors for these connections are presented based on classical shell theory. The stress concentration is dependent on the radial restraint from the transverse plate and the eccentricity of the neutral axes in the tubular thickness of one tubular relative to the other tubular. The superposition principle is used to derive resulting stress concentration factors for the inside weld root and the outside weld toe.
Simulation-Driven Deep Learning Approach for Wear Diagnostics in Hydrodynamic Journal Bearings
Authors: Gecgel Ozhan , Dias João Paulo , Ekwaro-Osire Stephen , Alves Diogo Stuani , Machado Tiago Henrique , Daniel Gregory Bregion , de Castro Helio Fiori , Cavalca Katia Lucchesi
Published: November 2020

Early diagnosis in rotating machinery has been a challenge when looking toward the concept of intelligent machines. A crucial and critical component in these systems is the lubricated journal bearing, subjected to wear fault by abrasive removing of material in its inner wall, mainly during run-ups and run-downs. In extreme conditions, wear faults can cause unexpected shutdowns in rotating systems. Consequently, advanced condition monitoring is an essential procedure in the wear diagnosis of journal bearings. Although an increasing number of data-driven condition monitoring approaches for rotating machines have been proposed in the past decade, they mostly rely on substantial amounts of experimental data for training, which is expensive and time-consuming to obtain. The objective of this work is to develop a framework using a deep learning algorithm to classify wear faults in hydrodynamic journal bearings using simulated vibrations signals. Numerically simulated data sets under different wear severity levels and operating conditions were used to train and test the diagnostics framework. The results show that the proposed framework can be a promising tool to diagnose wear faults in journal bearings.
Photon-engineered radiative cooling textiles
Authors: Hsu Po-Chun , Li Xiuqiang
Published: November 2020

Personal thermal management offers a path to reduce climate control energy use
Adapting to the challenges of warming
Authors: Sherwood Steven C.
Published: November 2020

The impact of regional heat events is becoming more important to quantify
James S. Jackson (1944–2020)
Authors: Parham Thomas A.
Published: November 2020

Social psychologist who pioneered the study of Black culture
Peptide synthesis at the origin of life
Authors: Muchowska Kamila B. , Moran Joseph
Published: November 2020

Small-molecule organocatalysis might have driven the emergence of peptide biochemistry
Plasma neurofilament light predicts mortality in patients with stroke
Authors: Gendron Tania F. , Badi Mohammed K. , Heckman Michael G. , Jansen-West Karen R. , Vilanilam George K. , Johnson Patrick W. , Burch Alexander R. , Walton Ronald L. , Ross Owen A. , Brott Thomas G. , Miller Timothy M. , Berry James D. , Nicholson Katharine A. , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Oskarsson Björn E. , Sheth Kevin N. , Sansing Lauren H. , Falcone Guido J. , Cucchiara Brett L. , Meschia James F. , Petrucelli Leonard
Published: November 2020

Plasma neurofilament light is a reliable, uniform marker to estimate neuroaxonal injury and forecast all-cause mortality across major stroke types.
Transcriptional profiles of adjuvanted hepatitis B vaccines display variable interindividual homogeneity but a shared core signature
Authors: De Mot Laurane , Bechtold Viviane , Bol Vanesa , Callegaro Andrea , Coccia Margherita , Essaghir Ahmed , Hasdemir Dicle , Ulloa-Montoya Fernando , Siena Emilio , Smilde Age , van den Berg Robert A. , Didierlaurent Arnaud M. , Burny Wivine , van der Most Robbert G.
Published: November 2020

Hepatitis B vaccines formulated with different adjuvants induce a consistent core inflammatory signature linked to vaccine immunogenicity.
Novel Method for Isolation of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus with the Use of Suspension Vero Cells and Immunogenicity Analysis
Authors: Ge Fei-Fei , Yang De-Quan , Li Xin , Ju Hou-Bin , Shen Hai-Xiao , Liu Jian , Zhao Hong-jin , Wang Jian
Published: November 2020

In February and December of 2019, two large-scale outbreaks of diarrhea were observed in the same swine farm with 3,000 sows in Shanghai, China. We successfully isolated two porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) isolates (strains shxx1902 and shxx1912 in February and December, respectively) from clinical samples in this farm using suspension Vero cells. A third PEDV strain (SH1302) tested positive in another farm of Shanghai, China, in 2013 and was also isolated using suspension Vero cells.
Human Papillomavirus 16 L2 Recruits both Retromer and Retriever Complexes during Retrograde Trafficking of the Viral Genome to the Cell Nucleus
Authors: Pim David , Broniarczyk Justyna , Siddiqa Abida , Massimi Paola , Banks Lawrence
Published: November 2020

Previous studies identified sorting nexins 17 and 27, as well as the retromer complex, as playing a role in HPV infection. This study shows that the newly identified retriever complex also plays an important role and begins to shed light on how both sorting nexins contribute to retromer and retriever recruitment during the infection process.
Evaluation of a novel hybrid 6-phytase using an updated phosphorus deficiency model in broiler chickens
Authors: Wang Tingting , Jendza Joshua A. , Ader Peter , Adeola Olayiwola
Published: November 2020

One-day-old broiler chicks were used to investigate the optimal age to start feeding phosphorus (P)-deficient (PD) diets with two non-phytate P (nPP) concentrations in experiment 1, and 7-d-old broiler chicks were used to determine P equivalency of a hybrid 6-phytase to inorganic P in monocalcium phosphate (MCP) in experiment 2. In experiment 1, six treatments were prepared with 5, 6, or 7-d-old birds to start feeding PD diets with 1.3 or 1.5 g·kg−1 nPP. Age of birds to start feeding P-deficient diets tended to decrease (P = 0.052) mortality of birds during 14 d of feeding P-deficient diets. In experiment 2, twelve treatments including one basal diet, five diets supplied with 0.5, 0.9, 1.3, 1.7, or 2.1 g·kg−1 inorganic P, and six diets supplied with 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, or 2000 FTU·kg−1 phytase were fed to chickens from days 7 to 21 post hatching. Increasing phytase activity quadratically increased (P < 0.01) body weight gain, feed intake, and tibia ash of birds and apparent ileal digestibility and total tract retention of P. In conclusion, age of birds to start feeding PD diet affected their performance, and hybrid 6-phytase may partly replace MCP in a PD diet for broiler chickens.
Synthesis, characterization, and coordination chemistry of a phenanthridine-containing N-heterocyclic carbene ligand
Authors: Mondal Rajarshi , Ortiz Robert J. , Braun Jason D. , Herbert David E.
Published: November 2020

An N-heterocyclic carbene ligand precursor bearing a π-extended phenanthridine (3,4-benzoquinoline) unit is presented. The proligand was isolated as the imidazolium salt of chloride (1•HCl), bromide (1•HBr), or hexafluorophosphate (1•HPF6) counterions. These salts can be deprotonated and the carbene installed on silver centres using Ag2O as both a base and a source of metal ion. The resulting Ag(I) complex (1)AgCl can be used in a transmetalation reaction to generate a Pd(II) coordination complex (1)Pd(CH3CN)Cl2. The characterization and photophysical properties of these complexes is presented, along with a demonstration of the utility of (1)Pd(CH3CN)Cl2 in mediating a catalytic C-N cross-coupling reaction for the preparation of the pharmaceutical Piribedil.
Homodimerization and heterodimerization requirements of Acinetobacter baumannii SOS response coregulators UmuDAb and DdrR revealed by two-hybrid analyses
Authors: Cook Deborah , Carrington Jordan , Johnson Kevin , Hare Janelle
Published: November 2020

The multidrug-resistant pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii displays unusual control of its SOS mutagenesis genes, as it does not encode a LexA repressor, but instead employs the UmuDAb repressor and a small protein, DdrR, that is uniquely found in Acinetobacter species. We used bacterial adenylate cyclase two-hybrid analyses to determine if UmuDAb and DdrR coregulation might involve physical interactions. Neither quantitative nor qualitative assays showed UmuDAb interaction with DdrR. DdrR hybrid proteins, however, demonstrated modest head-to-tail interactions in a qualitative assay. The similarity of UmuDAb to the homodimer-forming polymerase manager UmuD and LexA repressor proteins suggested that it may form dimers, which we observed. UmuDAb homodimerization required a free C terminus, and either small truncations or addition of a histidine tag at the C terminus abolished this homodimerization. The amino acid N100, crucial for UmuD dimer formation, was dispensable if both C termini were free to interact. However, mutation of the amino acid G124, necessary for LexA dimerization, yielded significantly less UmuDAb dimerization, even if both C termini were free. This suggests that UmuDAb forms dimers like LexA does, but may not coregulate gene expression involving a physical association with DdrR. The homodimerization of these coregulators provides insight into a LexA-independent, coregulatory process of controlling a conserved bacterial action such as the mutagenic DNA damage response.
Quasinormal modes, stability and shadows of a black hole in the 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Authors: Konoplya R. A. , Zinhailo A. F.
Published: November 2020

Recently a D-dimensional regularization approach leading to the non-trivial $$(3+1)$$

(
3
+
1
)

-dimensional Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet (EGB) effective description of gravity was formulated which was claimed to bypass the Lovelock’s theorem and avoid Ostrogradsky instability. Later it was shown that the regularization is possible only for some broad, but limited, class of metrics and Aoki et al. (arXiv:2005.03859) formulated a well-defined four-dimensional EGB theory, which breaks the Lorentz invariance in a theoretically consistent and observationally viable way. The black-hole solution of the first naive approach proved out to be also the exact solution of the well-defined theory. Here we calculate quasinormal modes of scalar, electromagnetic and gravitational perturbations and find the radius of shadow for spherically symmetric and asymptotically flat black holes with Gauss–Bonnet corrections. We show that the black hole is gravitationally stable when ($$-16 M^2<\alpha \lessapprox 0.6 M^2$$

-
16

M
2

<
α
⪅
0.6

M
2

). The instability in the outer range is the eikonal one and it develops at high multipole numbers. The radius of the shadow $$R_{Sh}$$

R

Sh

obeys the linear law with a remarkable accuracy.
Rehabilitation Games in Real-World Clinical Settings
Authors: Jung Hee-Tae , Park Taiwoo , MAhyar Narges , Park Sungji , Ryu Taekyeong , Kim Yangsoo , Lee Sunghoon Ivan
Published: November 2020

Upper-limb impairments due to stroke can severely affect the quality of life in patients. Scientific evidence supports that repetitive rehabilitation exercises can improve motor ability in stroke patients. Rehabilitation games gained tremendous interest among researchers and clinicians because of their potential to make the seemingly mundane, enduring rehabilitation therapies more engaging. However, routine and longitudinal use of rehabilitation games in real-world clinical settings has not been investigated in depth. Particularly, we know little about current practices, challenges, and their potential impacts on therapeutic outcomes. To address this gap, we established a partnership with a rehabilitation hospital where game-assisted rehabilitation was routinely employed over a 2-year period. We then conducted an observational study, in which we observed 11 game-assisted therapy sessions and interviewed 15 therapists who moderated the therapy. Significant findings include (1) different engagement patterns of stroke patients in game-assisted therapy, (2) imperative roles of therapists in moderating games and challenges that therapists face during game-assisted therapy, and (3) lack of support for therapists in delivering patient-centered, personalized therapy to individual stroke patients. Furthermore, we discuss design implications for more effective rehabilitation game therapies that take into consideration both patients and therapists and their specific needs.
A ZPP
NP[1]
Lifting Theorem
Authors: Watson Thomas
Published: November 2020

The complexity class ZPP
NP[1]
(corresponding to zero-error randomized algorithms with access to one NP oracle query) is known to have a number of curious properties. We further explore this class in the settings of time complexity, query complexity, and communication complexity.

• For starters, we provide a new characterization: ZPP
NP[1]
equals
the restriction of BPP
NP[1]
where the algorithm is only allowed to err when it forgoes the opportunity to make an NP oracle query.

• Using the above characterization, we prove a
query-to-communication lifting theorem
, which translates any ZPP
NP[1]
decision tree lower bound for a function
f
into a ZPP
NP[1]
communication lower bound for a two-party version of
f
.

• As an application, we use the above lifting theorem to prove that the ZPP
NP[1]
communication lower bound technique introduced by Göös, Pitassi, and Watson (ICALP 2016) is not tight. We also provide a “primal” characterization of this lower bound technique as a complexity class.
The Linguistics of the Voynich Manuscript
Authors: Bowern Claire L. , Lindemann Luke
Published: November 2020

The Voynich Manuscript is a fifteenth-century illustrated cipher manuscript. In this overview of recent approaches to the Voynich Manuscript, we summarize and evaluate current work on the language that underlies this document. We provide arguments for treating the document as natural language (rather than a medieval hoax) and show how statistical arguments can be made about the phonology, morphology, and structure of the document even though the contents remain undecipherable.
Workplace Envy
Authors: Duffy Michelle K. , Lee KiYoung , Adair Elizabeth A.
Published: November 2020

In the past 20 years, there has been a growing interest in the phenomenon of workplace envy. This article provides an overarching review and analysis of the workplace envy literature. We first consider conceptual and measurement challenges facing envy researchers. We then review the current knowledge base in the research with a focus on synthesizing what we have learned regarding workplace envy's transmutations, highlighting directions for future research. We explore two relatively understudied areas in the envy literature—antecedents of envy and the experience of being envied. We discuss methodologies used in the literature to study envy and outcomes and conclude with a focus on cross-cultural and practical implications.
Enhancing Community Engagement by Schools and Programs of Public Health in the United States
Authors: Levin Mindi B. , Bowie Janice V. , Ragsdale Steven K. , Gawad Amy L. , Cooper Lisa A. , Sharfstein Joshua M.
Published: November 2020

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention define community engagement as “the process of working collaboratively with and through groups of people” in order to improve their health and well-being. Central to the field of public health, community engagement should also be at the core of the work of schools and programs of public health. This article reviews best practices and emerging innovations in community engagement for education, for research, and for practice, including critical service-learning, community-based participatory research, and collective impact. Leadership, infrastructure, and culture are key institutional facilitators of successful academic efforts. Major challenges to overcome include mistrust by community members, imbalance of power, and unequal sharing of credit. Success in this work will advance equity and improve health in communities all around the world.
Network Pharmacology‐Based Strategy to Investigate Pharmacological Mechanisms of Qiaoshao Formula for Treatment of Premature Ejaculation
Authors: Wang Ming , Wang Qi , Du Yongqiang , Zhang Xiansheng
Published: November 2020

Background. Qiaoshao (QS) formula, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) comprising seven herbs, has been clinically proven to have a favorable treatment effect on premature ejaculation (PE). However, its underlying pharmacological mechanisms in the treatment of PE need to be further clarified. Methods. In the present study, a network pharmacology‐based strategy was adopted. The active compounds of QS formula were obtained from the Chinese medicine database, and the potential targets of these compounds were collected from the DrugBank database to construct compound‐compound targets network. PE‐related targets were identified from human disease databases and used to construct the protein‐protein interaction (PPI) networks. Compound‐disease target PPI network was constructed by merging the PPI network of disease‐targets and compound‐targets. Cluster and enrichment analyses were performed on the PPI network of disease targets and compound‐disease targets. The influence of QS formula on serum 5‐HT, NO, oxytocin, and thyroid hormones of PE patients was verified. Results. Four primary pharmacological networks of QS formula were constructed, including the compound‐compound targets network, PPI network of PE‐related targets and compound‐disease targets, and the QS‐PE mechanism network. The module and pathway enrichment analyses revealed that the QS formula had the potential to affect varieties of biological process and pathways, such as nitric oxide biosynthetic process, oxytocin, thyroid hormone, TNF, PI3K‐Akt, and the HIF‐1 signaling pathway, that play an important role in the pathogenesis of PE. Meanwhile, the QS formula has been clinically confirmed to regulate the serum level of 5‐HT, NO, oxytocin, and TT in PE patients. Conclusion. This study preliminarily discovered the potential targets and pathways of QS formula in the treatment of PE, which laid a good foundation for further experimental research.
Aberrant ALOX5 Activation Correlates with HER2 Status and Mediates Breast Cancer Biological Activities through Multiple Mechanisms
Authors: Zhou Xiao , Jiang Yi , Li Qiuyun , Huang Zhen , Yang Huawei , Wei Changyuan
Published: November 2020

Arachidonate lipoxygenases (ALOX) have been implicated in playing a critical role in tumorigenesis, development, and metastasis. We previously reported that ALOX12 is involved in breast cancer chemoresistance. In this study, we demonstrate that the ALOX5 activation correlates with the HER2 expression and mediates breast cancer growth and migration. We found that the ALOX5 expression and activity were upregulated in breast cancer patients, particularly in those tissues with HER2‐positive. ALOX5 upregulation was also observed in HER2‐positive breast cancer cells. In contrast, HER2 inhibition led to decreased expression and activity of ALOX5 but not ALOX5AP, suggesting that HER2 specifically regulates the ALOX5 expression and activity in breast cancer cells. We further demonstrated that ALOX5 is important for breast cancer biological activities with the predominant roles in growth and migration, likely through RhoA, focal adhesion, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling but not epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our work is the first to report a correlation between the ALOX5 activity and HER2 overexpression in breast cancer. Our findings also highlight the therapeutic value of inhibiting ALOX5 in breast cancer, particularly those patients with the HER2 overexpression.
Analysis of the Severe Maternal Outcomes between Resource‐Poor and Resource‐Rich Hospitals in China’s Hunan Province from 2012 to 2018
Authors: Xiong Lili , Zeng Mengjun , Wang Aihua , Xie Donghua , Kong Fanjuan , Liu Zhiyu
Published: November 2020

Background. This facility‐based study analyzed the epidemiology and incidence of maternal near miss (MNM) and mortality by hospital level as part of Hunan Province’s efforts to raise the quality of hospital care for women. Methods. We used data for MNM and mortality cases for 2012–2018 from 17 hospitals (12 resource‐poor facilities, five resource‐rich facilities) that receive referrals for obstetric complications in Hunan Province. Data were drawn from China’s National Maternal Near Miss Surveillance System and collected using the World Health Organization near miss tool. We calculated the ratio of severe maternal outcomes (SMO) (i.e., MNM and maternal death (MD) cases), mortality index (MI), and MNM to mortality ratio (MNM : MD), and epidemiological factors, organ dysfunction, and maternal complications stratified by hospital level. The chi‐square tests to examine differences between groups and total ratios and 95% CI were calculated. Results. There were 518 SMO cases (489 MNM and 29 MD) among 279407 live births (LBs) and 1299 SMO cases (1262 MNM and 37 MD) among 232386 LBs in resource‐poor and resource‐rich facilities. The total MNM ratio in resource‐poor and resource‐rich hospitals was 1.75 (95% CI: 1.60–1.91) and 5.43 (95% CI: 5.14–5.74) per 1000 LBs, respectively. There were differences in SMO cases between resource‐poor and resource‐rich hospitals in maternal age, education, parity, antenatal visits, and history of cesarean sections. In MNM cases, coagulation dysfunction was the main organ dysfunction (resource‐poor hospitals: 59.10%; resource‐rich hospitals: 79.32%), and the main maternal complications were obstetric hemorrhage (resource‐poor hospitals: 71.98%) and hepatopathy (resource‐rich hospitals: 69.49%). For MD cases, the main maternal complications were neurologic dysfunction (resource‐poor hospitals: 41.38%) and coagulation dysfunction (resource‐rich hospitals: 42.55%). Anemia was the main maternal complication for SMO cases in both resource‐poor (69.69%) and resource‐rich (68.59%) hospitals. Conclusions. MNM and MD are higher in resource‐rich hospitals compared with resource‐poor hospitals. The obstetric emergency capacity of resource‐rich hospitals is higher than that of resource‐poor hospitals. Future government policies should consider upgrading the obstetric emergency treatment capacity in resource‐poor hospitals or to redistinguish the social functions of different medical institutions.
Review on Intermolecular Forces between Dyes Used for Polyester Dyeing and Polyester Fiber
Authors: Ketema Asnake , Worku Amare
Published: November 2020

Polyester fiber is a manufactured fiber composed of synthetic linear macromolecules in the chain at least 85% by mass of an ester of diol and benzene-1, 4-dicarboxylic acid (terephthalic acid). Fibers of the most common polyester, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET or PET), are generally made from either terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate together with ethylene glycol. Dyeing of polyester fabric with disperse dyes, polyester requires the use of dispersing agents. The chemical characteristics and general application conditions of disperse dyes are characterized by the absence of solubilizing groups and low molecular weight. Dye particles have a size ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 microns, generally contain –NH2, substituted –NH2, or –OH groups in the structure, and get attached with the fiber through H-bond and van der Waals force. Dyes are retained by the fiber by physical forces. Fastness properties are very high in polyester except in certain cases. The dye-fiber (PET) affinity is the result of different types of interactions, such as hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole interactions, and van der Waals forces.
Computer-Controlled Local Anesthesia Complication: Surgical Retrieval of a Broken Dental Needle in Noncooperative Autistic Paediatric Patient
Authors: Chybicki Damian , Lipczyńska-Lewandowska Małgorzata , Torbicka Gaja , Janas-Naze Anna
Published: November 2020

The article describes an unusual case of retrieval of 8 mm fragment of a broken 30-gauge 21 mm dental needle in a 6 y.o. noncooperative autistic male patient. The needle of a computer-controlled local anesthesia device was broken during an attempt to administer local anesthetic, in order to perform conservative treatment of teeth 55 and 54 by a pedodontist. Despite the fact that the patient was under nitrous oxide sedation, an unexpected movement of the patient occurred and resulted in needle breakage. Due to the lack of patient cooperation, the surgical retrieval of a broken needle was performed under general anesthesia as part of one-day surgery procedures. The purpose of the article is to emphasize careful decision-making in proper choice of dental instruments during treatment of noncooperative paediatric patients even under sedation and to suggest dentists to carry out treatment of such patients under general anesthesia.
Acute Ischemic Stroke in COVID-19: Putative Mechanisms, Clinical Characteristics, and Management
Authors: Ojo Ademola S. , Balogun Simon A. , Idowu Ahmed O.
Published: November 2020

The emergence and spread of the highly contagious novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have triggered the greatest public health challenge of the last century. Aside from being a primary respiratory disease, acute ischemic stroke has emerged as a complication of the disease. While current evidence shows COVID-19 could cause ischemic stroke especially in severe disease, there are similarities in the risk factors for severe COVID-19 as well as ischemic stroke, underscoring the complex relationship between these two conditions. The pandemic has created challenges for acute stroke care. Rapid assessment and time-sensitive interventions required for optimum outcomes in acute stroke care have been complicated by COVID-19 due to the need for disease transmission preventive measures. The purpose of this article is to explore the putative mechanisms of ischemic stroke in COVID-19 and the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients who develop ischemic stroke. In addition, we discuss the challenges of managing acute ischemic stroke in the setting of COVID-19 and review current management guidelines. We also highlighted potential areas for future research.
Microbiological Assessment of the Different Hand Drying Methods and Washroom Environment Cross-Contamination
Authors: Kouadri Fayza
Published: November 2020

Proper hand drying is a fundamental part of the hand hygiene process looking at optimizing the elimination of potentially pathogenic microbes. This research compared the effectiveness of three different hand drying methods—paper towels, the use of warm air dryers in stationary hands position, and the use of air drying while hand rubbing—and their potential for cross-contamination of other users and the surrounding environment. One hundred sixty samples were collected from finger pads and palms, before and after drying. The outlet of the air dryers, air current emitted from the air dryers, and washroom environment air were also tested. The study reported that paper towels were more successful in eliminating bacteria and lead to less contamination to the washroom environment compared to the air dryers. The average number of bacteria obtained from volunteers using hand air dryer while hand rubbing was significantly higher than drying with air dryer while holding hands stationary. Plates exposed to the turned-off dryer for 5 minutes gave an average of only 25 colonies/plate, while plates exposed to the air outlet of the turned-on warm air dryers provided 292 colonies/plate. Placing Petri dishes at least one meter away from the dryer in the washroom for 30 minutes gave 72.5 colonies/plate. The current research also documented frequent contamination of public washroom environments and showed dissemination of potential pathogens, including Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella species, Bacillus cereus (B. cereus), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and coagulase-negative Staphylococci. Over 70.0% of Staphylococci were resistant to at least three antibiotics and 50.0% revealed coresistance to at least four antibiotics including penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and co-trimoxazole. The method of hand drying may serve as a risk factor of cross-contamination from users to the environment and subsequent users and as reservoirs of drug-resistant bacteria in public washrooms.
Study on Deformation Mechanism and Supporting Countermeasures of Compound Roofs in Loose and Weak Coal Roadways
Authors: Cui Jianfeng , Wang Weijun , Yuan Chao , Cao Liming , Guo Yuning , Fan Lei
Published: November 2020

This paper considers the 333 return airway of the Gaokeng Coal Mine to analyze the deformation characteristics and failure mechanism of the surrounding rock of the composite roof for a loose and weak coal roadway. The reasons for the large deformation are explored and the superiority of the prestressed truss and anchor rope is compared to ordinary anchor cables from the perspective of mechanics to propose a targeted coal roadway support method. Sinking of the composite roof in the coal roadway is accompanied with a release and transfer of the surrounding rock stress. The pressure of the composite roof transfers to the roadway sides and intensifies the fracture process of the coal body. As a result, the ability to support the composite roof is weakened, and it further bends and sinks to form a vicious cycle that repeats itself. Therefore, the support of the composite roof in the coal roadway should consider the roof, roadway sides, and floor as a single unit to achieve the support goal of reinforcing the roadway sides and roof. Based on the above analysis, a comprehensive control technology with a truss and anchor rope is proposed as the main body and a bolt + anchor cable + metal network as the auxiliary. This technology can improve the integral bearing capacity of the composite roof, strengthen the roadway side structures, and reinforce the roadway sides and roof. Numerical simulation and field application results show that the support scheme can effectively realize safe control of the composite roof in coal roadways.
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection
Authors: Shalom Guy , Khoury Raed , Horev Amir
Published: November 2020

Mycoplasma infection may lower the threshold for drug allergy in particular patients. We present a case of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), with drug etiology and non-drug etiology (Mycoplasma infection). Possible synergism between previously known drug allergy and the acute Mycoplasma infection may have led to DRESS eruption. Interferon-γ release test and TNF-α release test yielded different patterns in the present case, suggesting a different role for each in different drug eruption types.
Abstract 14172: Impact of Sex on Survival With Preserved Neurologic Function Following Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Lakhani Fatima , Caprio Brendan , Deych Elena , Brown David L
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
Females experience worse survival than males following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Proposed explanations include previous observations that females less often have an initial shockable rhythm or a witnessed arrest and less often receive bystander CPR.

Methods:
We utilized a prospective, population-based registry of patients experiencing OHCA responded to by EMS from 2011-2015. We included patients 18 years or older who were admitted to the hospital. Univariate comparisons were performed with chi-squared test for categorical variables and t-test for age. Additional analysis compared outcomes stratified by age > 50 years as a surrogate for menopausal status. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to evaluate the independent association of sex with outcomes. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge with Modified Rankin Score (MRS) ≤3.

Results:
Of 13,651 patients, 4894 were female and 8757 were male. The average age was 65 years for females and 64.2 years for males (P=0.005). Females were less likely than males to arrest in a public location (13% vs 27%; P <0.001), have bystander witnessed arrest (48% vs 57%; P <0.001), receive bystander CPR (44% vs 49%; P <0.001), have an initial shockable rhythm (29% vs 48%; P <0.001), have achieved ROSC upon ED arrival (76% vs 78%; P=0.014), have an ED arrival time less than 30 minutes from dispatch call (10% vs 12% P=0.008). Among males, 27% had a favorable outcome compared to 16% of females (P <0.0001). Among individuals of age ≤ 50 years, 31% of males and 26% of females had a favorable outcome (P= 0.004). Among those of age > 50 years, 26% of males and 14% of females had a favorable outcome (P <0.0001). After adjustment for differences in age and presentation, female sex was found to be independently associated with lower rates of survival with intact neurologic function (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.71-0.89, P =0.0001).

Conclusions:
Compared to males, females have less favorable OHCA presentations and worse survival to hospital discharge with preserved neurologic function. However, even after adjustment for the differences in presentation, female sex remains a significant predictor of worse survival with preserved neurologic function.
Abstract 15852: Body Mass Index and Fatal Outcome in Patients Hospitalized for Covid 19
Authors: Sidhu Gursukhman , Nedunchezhian Saihariharan , Padilla-Carrasquillo Laura , sabharwal nitin , Khalafi Seyed , Ayoub Ali , Samson Rohan , LEJEMTEL THIERRY
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
Obesity may affect COVID-19 outcomes, independent of its association with hypertension, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other cardiovascular disease.

Hypothesis:
Is obesity a major determinant of morbidity and mortality in patients with COVID-19?

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of all confirmed COVID-19 patients hospitalized at University Medical Center in New Orleans, Louisiana between February 1, 2020 to May 1, 2020 was performed. Intensive care unit (ICU) stay and fatal outcomes were analyzed as a function of body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and CKD. Risk factors for fatal outcomes were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine odds ratios. P-Value was set at 0.05.

Results:
From a sample size of 419 patients, 60(14.3%) were admitted to the ICU. Amongst ICU admits, 85% were African American (AA), 61.6% had BMI >30, 48.3% had diabetes, and 30% had chronic kidney disease. Mortality was 91.6% after ICU admission. Out of a total of 419, mortality was the highest in admits with BMI < 25(20.2%) and with BMI >40(20.3%). BMI > 40 was associated with a higher odds of death (Odds ratio: 3.9, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.45-10.5) and ICU admission (OR:3.2 95% CI 1.1-9) after adjustment for age, race, sex and comorbidities.

Conclusion:
A direct association exists for BMI > 40 and in-hospital death, independent of comorbidities. Caution with aggressive intervention is warranted for such patients on presentation.
Abstract 15874: An Ischaemia Time of Greater Than 6 Hours is Associated With Deleterious Outcomes in Pediatric Heart Transplantation
Authors: Arshad Adam , Azeka Estela , Cantor Ryan , Koehl Devin , Kirklin James , Simmonds Jacob , Shaw Fawwaz , Menteer Jondavid , Ravekes William J , Shih Renata , Ballweg Jean
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
The shortage of available donor organs means we must re-consider our current policies on donor selection. There is a broad variation in practice between centers as to the acceptable limit to ischaemia time (IT) in pediatric cardiac transplantation, with no recommendations in international guidelines.

Hypothesis:
We hypothesised that a prolonged ischaemia time was not associated with impaired post-transplant outcomes.

Methods:
Data from the Pediatric Heart Transplantation Society was analysed for all pediatric patients receiving heart transplants (Jan 1993 - June 2019). Transplants were separated into 5 categories depending on the IT (hours):
<
2.4, 2.5-3.4, 3.5-4.4, 4.5-6.0, >6. Risk-adjusted outcomes were assessed by multivariable analysis, adjusting for donor, recipient, and peri-operative characteristics.

Results:
Data for 6,903 transplants were assessed (IT < 2.4 in 980, 2.5-3.4 in 2032, 3.5-4.4 in 2310, 4.5-6.0 in 1162, >6 in 281). In univariate analysis, increasing IT was associated with reduced 1-year survival (90.1%, 87.7% and 84.6%; p<0.001) for the 3.5-4.4, 4.5-6.0 and >6 groups, respectively. Similar findings, of a deleterious association with prolonged IT, were observed for freedom from infection (73.0%, 66.8% and 56.4%; p<0.001), freedom from first rejection (67.4%, 62.6% and 61.0%; p = 0.01) and freedom from haemodynamically compromising rejection (89.1%, 85.4% and 85.3%; p=0.004) at 1-year. No significant differences in the risk of malignancy (p=0.2) and time to first CAV (p=0.08) between the IT groups were noted. We separately analysed the risk of graft failure by multiphase hazards modelling. In adjusted analysis, increasing IT was found to be a risk factor for graft failure (HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.00-1.16, p=0.04). Within this model, primary diagnosis was a predictor of the outcome (p<0.001). Exploring this association, an IT of > 6 hours was associated with graft failure in cardiomyopathy (HR: 2.87, 95% CI: 1.34 - 6.15, p=0.007), but not congenital heart disease patients.

Conclusions:
In this large multi-centre cohort study, we found a deleterious association between prolonged IT and post-transplant outcomes. We recommend that an IT greater than 6 hours should be avoided in pediatric cardiac transplantation.
Abstract 15888: Platelet Activation is Associated With All-cause Mortality in Patients With Covid-19
Authors: Barrett Tessa J , Lee Angela , Xia Yuhe , Lin Lawrence , Black Margaret , Cotzia Paolo , Hochman Judith S , Berger Jeffrey S
Published: November 2020

Background:
COVID-19 is a global pandemic with patients at increased risk for all-cause mortality. Virus-platelet interactions are linked to viral pathogenesis and increased risk of adverse events.

Aim:
To investigate the relationship between in vivo platelet activity markers and all-cause mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Method:
Plasma samples were collected from 100 hospitalized patients on the day of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. Thromboxane B
2
(TxB
2
), P-selectin, and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) were measured in plasma, and mean platelet volume (MPV) assessed. Subjects were followed until discharge or death.

Results:
Among 100 patients, the median age was 65 years (IQR: 55, 75), 39% were female, and 32 died or experienced a thrombotic event. The baseline platelet activation markers, P-selectin (p=0.02), sCD40L (p=0.03) and MPV (p=0.005) were higher in patients who died. After adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, platelet count, antiplatelet therapy, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, TxB
2
(p=0.036), P-selectin (p=0.007), sCD40L (p=0.02) and MPV (p=0.01) were each independently associated with death after multivariable adjustment (
Table 1
).

Conclusions:
Biomarkers of platelet activation are significantly associated with death or thrombosis in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Our findings suggest multiple platelet activation mechanisms may contribute to adverse events. Further investigation into the mechanistic role of platelets in COVID-19 pathogenesis and the potential role of antiplatelet therapy is warranted.
Table 1.
Multivariable regression models of all-cause mortality. Odds ratios (OR) from logistic regression analysis per SD increase for biomarker levels adjusted for age, sex, race, antiplatelet therapy, platelet count, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Abstract 15893: Rf vs Cryo: Effect of Ablation Energy Source on Outcomes of Pediatric AVNRT Ablation - Insight From the NCDR® Impact Registry
Authors: Baskar Shankar , Shah Maully , Spar David , Behere Shashank P , kennedy kevin , Janson Christopher , Czosek Richard J
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a common form of SVT in pediatrics. Ablation can be curative; however, the choice between radiofrequency ablation (RF) and cryoablation (Cryo) remains controversial due to a lack of contemporary large comparison studies in the pediatric population.

Methods:
AVNRT ablation outcomes were retrospectively analyzed utilizing the NCDR
®
IMPACT Registry from 4/1/16 to 3/31/19. Data from subjects aged 1-21 years undergoing elective first-time slow pathway (SP) modification for AVNRT were included. Exclusion criteria were age<1-year, structural heart disease, >1 targeted arrhythmia mechanism, and >1 ablation catheter/energy source. The primary outcome was acute ablation success, defined as elimination of SP conduction or SP conduction with ≤ 1 AV nodal echo without SVT. Secondary outcomes included major adverse effects (MAE) of AV block, temporary or permanent pacing, death, cardiac arrest, tamponade, or embolic stroke.

Results:
Among 2235 patients (mean age: 13.6 ± 3.4 years, 59% female), there was comparable use of Cryo (53%, n=1183) and RF (47%, n=1052). Cryo was more commonly used in patients < 8years of age (p < 0.01). Amongst 60 participating centers, 24 sites (40%) used Cryo predominantly (>90%), while 24 sites (40%) used RF predominantly. Acute success was 98.6% for Cryo and 99% for RF (P = 0.27). AV block was reported in 6 (0.005%) patients with Cyro and 3 (0.003%) with RF (p=0.34), without the need for temporary or permanent pacemaker in either group during the hospital admission. No other MAE occurred in either group.

Conclusion:
In this largest pediatric study of AVNRT ablation, RF and Cryo demonstrated comparable high acute success and rare documentation of AV block that did not result in temporary or permanent pacing. Longitudinal data are important for further comparison of these two modalities with regard to AVNRT recurrence risk and the need for pacemaker implantation outside of the hospitalization period.
Abstract 15899: A Hybrid Artificial Intelligence-Intrinsic Frequency Method for Instantaneous Determination of Myocardial Infarct Size
Authors: Alavi Rashid , Dai Wangde , Kloner Robert A , Pahlevan Niema M
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
Intrinsic Frequency (IF) method is a recently developed systems-based method that extracts dynamics information about left ventricle function (LV), arterial dynamics, and the LV-arterial coupling from arterial waveforms. We have recently shown (Alavi et al. Circulation, 140 (2019), A12573-A12573) that IF can detect occurrence of an acute myocardial infarction (MI) using a single carotid pressure waveform. Here, we propose that the myocardial infarct size (area of necrosis over total LV area) can be approximated using a hybrid IF-artificial neural network (ANN) method.

Methods:
The standard MI model was used in anesthetized Sprague Dawley rats (n=27). The proximal left coronary artery was occluded for 30 minutes to ensure necrosis followed by 3 hours of reperfusion. The left ventricle slices were incubated in triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) to distinguish the necrotic (white) and the non-necrotic (dark red) areas (Fig.1a), thereby obtaining the size of MI through histopathology. IF parameters were computed from random carotid pressure waveforms 2 hours after the reperfusion. A 3-layer ANN model (4 input, 5 hidden, and 1 output node) was applied on IFs from 22 rats to design the ANN (18 for training, 4 for validation). The model was then tested on 5 different rats with the same MI procedure described above.

Results:
The results showed a significant correlation (R=0.64, P<0.0005) between our IF-artificial intelligence (IF-AI) model and the infarct size. The correlation was especially strong (R=0.84, P<0.0001) without the two outliers shown in Fig.1b.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that a hybrid IF-AI method can predict the anatomic infarct size from an arterial waveform without advanced imaging. This technique is clinically significant since infarct sizes are link to the survival and development of heart failure in MI patients, and IF parameters can be obtained noninvasively from carotid waveforms using arterial tonometry devices or an iPhone.
Abstract 17216: Upright T Wave in Lead AVR and Risk of Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: derbas laith A , Qarajeh Raed , Noman Anas , Al Amoodi Mohammed , Mohsen Ala , Whitehair Kristin , Bin Abdulhak Aref A
Published: November 2020

Background:
Multiple observational studies have shown that positive T wave in lead AVR (PTAVR) on 12-lead electrocardiogram is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes including death. We sought to review the literature and conduct a meta-analysis to estimate the risk of mortality in patients with PTAVR.

Methods:
We searched multiple databases to investigate the association between PTAVR and risk of death. Studies that reported adjusted odds ratio (OR) or hazards ratio (HR) of the association between PTAVR and risk of death (all cause or cardiovascular mortality) were included. We used inverse variance approach to pool adjusted OR /HR and it’s 95 % confidence interval using a random effects model meta-analysis.

Results:
Out of 140 relevant studies, 17 studies were eligible. Twelve studies reported all-cause mortality and enrolled 4,122 patients, 1976 (47.9%) were males. PTAVR was associated with a significant increase in all-cause mortality, with a pooled adjusted OR 2.44, 95% CI [1.76-3.39], heterogeneity I
2
= 86%. Five studies reported cardiovascular mortality and enrolled 31,713 patients, 27,628 (87.1%) were males. PTAVR was associated with a significant increase in cardiovascular mortality, with a pooled adjusted OR 2.34, 95% CI [1.82-3.0], heterogeneity I
2
= 68%.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that PTAVR is significantly associated with a higher risk of death from any cause as well cardiovascular mortality. Lead AVR, an often neglected lead, should be carefully interpreted as it may provide important prognostic information. Further studies are warranted to examined the prognostic value of PTAVR in risk stratification when added to existing cardiovascular risk scores.