bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Strategies for Upstream and Downstream Processing of Tannin Acyl Hydrolase
Authors: Rodríguez-Durán Luis V. , Valdivia-Urdiales Blanca , Contreras-Esquivel Juan C. , Rodríguez-Herrera Raúl , Aguilar Cristóbal N.
Published: September 2011

Tannin acyl hydrolase also referred as tannase is an enzyme with important applications in several science and technology fields. Due to its hydrolytic and synthetic properties, tannase could be used to reduce the negative effects of tannins in beverages, food, feed, and tannery effluents, for the production of gallic acid from tannin-rich materials, the elucidation of tannin structure, and the synthesis of gallic acid esters in nonaqueous media. However, industrial applications of tannase are still very limited due to its high production cost. Thus, there is a growing interest in the production, recovery, and purification of this enzyme. Recently, there have been published a number of papers on the improvement of upstream and downstream processing of the enzyme. These papers dealt with the search for new tannase producing microorganisms, the application of novel fermentation systems, optimization of culture conditions, the production of the enzyme by recombinant microorganism, and the design of efficient protocols for tannase recovery and purification. The present work reviews the state of the art of basic and biotechnological aspects of tannin acyl hydrolase, focusing on the recent advances in the upstream and downstream processing of the enzyme.
Single-Domain Parvulins Constitute a Specific Marker for Recently Proposed Deep-Branching Archaeal Subgroups
Authors: Lederer Christoph , Heider Dominik , van den Boom Johannes , Hoffmann Daniel , Mueller Jonathan W. , Bayer Peter
Published: September 2011

Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases) are enzymes assisting protein folding and protein quality control in organisms of all kingdoms of life. In contrast to the other sub-classes of PPIases, the cyclophilins and the FK-506 binding proteins, little was formerly known about the parvulin type of PPIase in Archaea. Recently, the first solution structure of an archaeal parvulin, the PinA protein from Cenarchaeum symbiosum, was reported. Investigation of occurrence and frequency of PPIase sequences in numerous archaeal genomes now revealed a strong tendency for thermophilic microorganisms to reduce the number of PPIases. Single-domain parvulins were mostly found in the genomes of recently proposed deep-branching archaeal subgroups, the Thaumarchaeota and the ARMANs (archaeal Richmond Mine acidophilic nanoorganisms). Hence, we used the parvulin sequence to reclassify available archaeal metagenomic contigs, thereby, adding new members to these subgroups. A combination of genomic background analysis and phylogenetic approaches of parvulin sequences suggested that the assigned sequences belong to at least two distinct groups of Thaumarchaeota. Finally, machine learning approaches were applied to identify amino acid residues that separate archaeal and bacterial parvulin proteins from each other. When mapped onto the recent PinA solution structure, most of these positions form a cluster at one site of the protein possibly indicating a different functionality of the two groups of parvulin proteins.
Ileodictyon gracile, new to Italy
Authors: Saitta Alessandro , Compagno Riccardo , la Rosa Alfonso , Lopez Danilo , Venturella Giuseppe
Published: September 2011

The first record of Ileodictyon gracile from Italy is reported, accompanied by notes on the taxonomy, ecology, and distribution of this rare gasteromycete.
Syncephalis clavata (Zoopagales, Zygomycetes), a first record from the neotropics
Authors: Melo Roger Fagner Ribeiro , de A. Santiago André Luiz C. M. , Cavalcanti Maria Auxiliadora de Q.
Published: September 2011

During a study on the coprophilous fungi from Brazil, the mycoparasitic fungus Syncephalis clavata was isolated from lowland paca dung collected at the Reserva Ecológica de Dois Irmãos, located in Recife, State of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. This is the first
record of this species in the neotropics and the second occurrence worldwide. Aspects of the morphology, biology and ecology of this species are discussed.
Uncispora sinensis, a new species from China
Authors: Yang Guang Zhu , Lu Jun , Yu Zefen , Zhang Keqin , Qiao Min
Published: September 2011

A second species of Uncispora, U. sinensis, is described and illustrated. The new fungus was isolated from a submerged leaf collected in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China. It is distinguished from the type species, U. harroldiae, by the shape and
septation of its conidia.
AFLP molecular characterizations of some Saccobolus species (Ascomycota, Pezizales)
Authors: Ramos Araceli M. , Cinto Isabel E. , Tadic Luis Franco , Ranalli María Esther
Published: September 2011

Amplified restriction fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) were used to assess the genetic diversity among species and isolates of the genus Saccobolus. Monosporic strains of five Saccobolus species were used throughout. The dendrogram obtained from the analysis of grouping
(UPGMA) showed four groups of species. The ordination of isolates through the principal coordinates method exhibited nearly the same relations between isolates as the phenogram. Analysis of six samples identified as Saccobolus versicolor using morphological characters indicated the
same diagnostic fingerprints as S. verrucisporus with the primer combinations tested. The isolates identified as S. versicolor may represent an intraspecific variant of S. verrucisporus. The results support the use of AFLP markers to delimit Saccobolus species.
This methodology constitutes an additional tool to study the taxonomy of the genus, which has previously used only morphological characters.
Two new taxa close to Lepiota cristata from China
Authors: Liang Jun F. , Yang Zhu L.
Published: September 2011

A new species, Lepiota cristatanea, is described from southwestern China. It is highly similar to L. cristata but can be distinguished by the relatively smaller basidiospores, Based on phylogenetic analysis, L. fraterna var. macrospora is transferred into
L. cristata, becoming the only group in L. cristata with an abaxial and an adaxial knob on the spores.
Passalora papaveris comb. nov. from China
Authors: Zhai Feng-Yan , Guo Ying-Lan , Liu Ying-Jie , Li Yu
Published: September 2011

The hyphomycete Phaeoramularia papaveris is recombined as Passalora papaveris. The species was originally collected on leaves of Papaver nudicaule during a taxonomic survey carried out in Inner Mongolia.
Fungal nomenclature 3. A critical response to the 'Amsterdam Declaration'
Authors: Gams Walter , Jaklitsch Walter
Published: September 2011

Numerous taxonomists and monographers of fungi are objecting an enforced unitary nomenclature for ascomycetes and basidiomycetes. Proposals 297 and subsequent ones by Redhead et al. (2010) and the “Amsterdam Declaration” (AD) demand more or less drastic and not necessarily
efficient changes into this direction. Three groups of arguments in the AD are refuted: 1. The identification of organisms exclusively based on gene sequences is prone to errors and only a minority of the named fungi has been thoroughly studied so far with molecular methods. 2. There is
no need for a mycological Code separate from the botanical one. Where taxonomy demands, special rules for Fungi have already been defined. The registration of taxonomic novelties required for valid publication is supported, but without MycoBank being entitled to make taxonomic statements.
3. Deletion of Article 59 is not possible without chaotic consequences. The mechanism of teleotypification alone does not lead to phylogenetically supported genera. Even after introducing a 'one fungus – one name' rule, mycologists will need to understand the so far prevailing system
of dual nomenclature when screening the taxonomic literature. Objections to the recommendations of the AD include: A selection of generic names among either teleomorph-typified or anamorph-typified genera according to priority contravenes the time-honored rule of precedence of teleomorph-typified
names and would make many crucial teleomorph genera unavailable. – A rule that mycologists, who first choose the generic name to be adopted, would have to be followed and this choice has to be registered will be a serious source of conflicts among mycologists. – More weight will
be given to the ICTF, an organization dealing mainly with economically important fungi. We maintain that questions of fungal nomenclature must continue to be handled by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF)
Examples of Stability of Tensor Products in Positive Characteristic
Authors: Argáez A. S.
Published: September 2011

Let X be projective smooth variety over an algebraically closed field
k and let ℰ, ℱ be μ-semistable locally free sheaves on X. When the base field is ℂ, using transcendental methods, one can prove that the tensor product
is always a μ-semistable sheaf. However, this theorem is no longer true over positive
characteristic; for an analogous theorem one needs the hypothesis of strong μ-semistability; nevertheless, this hypothesis is not a necessary condition. The objective of this paper is to construct, without the strongly μ-semistability hypothesis, a family of locally free sheaves with μ-stable tensor product.
Precarização do trabalho e processo produtivo do cuidado
Authors: Faria Helaynne Ximenes , Dalbello-Araujo Maristela
Published: September 2011

Apesar de suas especificidades, o setor saúde também sofre influências neoliberais que provocam efeitos no mundo do trabalho. Este artigo retrata as conseqüências negativas da precarização sobre o processo de produção de cuidado em saúde, a partir da análise de uma Unidade de Saúde cuja maioria da equipe é terceirizada. Por meio dos relatos obtidos, pode-se verificar o sentimento de desvalorização expresso pelos trabalhadores, assim como a constatação de que a assistência à saúde da população fica comprometida devido ao ambiente tenso, marcado pela instabilidade do emprego, insatisfação e adoecimento dos trabalhadores. Sugerese o investimento em políticas de enfrentamento da precarização no SUS, visto que ela coloca em risco as diretrizes e princípios desta política pública.
Política social neoliberal: expressão da necessária relação estado/capital em tempos de crise estrutural do capital
Authors: Loureiro Bráulio Roberto de Castro , Ribeiro Danielle Cristine
Published: September 2011

Este artigo pretende analisar as características principais das políticas sociais em tempos de neoliberalismo tendo como pano de fundo a necessária relação entre Estado e capital. O Estado, constituído sobre a base material do capital, configurouse como estrutura de comando político que age sobre as contradições do sistema do capital. A partir de tal relação, afirmamos que pensar a face neoliberal das políticas sociais do Estado atualmente é pensar a existência de um Estado máximo, a favor do capital, já que o Estado, cumprindo sua função política essencial, retira-se da oferta de grande parte dos serviços públicos e abre novos campos para a exploração capitalista em tempos de crise estrutural do capital.
A inconsistência teórica e empírica da hipótese central do rent seeking
Authors: Ferrari Vinícius Eduardo
Published: September 2011

O termo rent seeking diz respeito ao processo competitivo de apropriação das rendas artificiais criadas a partir da intervenção estatal na economia. Subjacente a esta teoria reside o pressuposto da total dissipação das rendas, ou seja, a visão de que a intervenção estatal na economia geraria rendas artificiais e que a perseguição destas transferências econômicas, pelos agentes privados, promoveria o desperdício de recursos produtivos num montante semelhante ao valor original das rendas engendradas a partir da ação pública. O presente artigo procura demonstrar que este cenário de dissipação total das rendas representa um caso particular e não uma propriedade geral imanente à ação estatal. Conclui-se que a teoria de rent seeking é incapaz de produzir resultados analíticos gerais e bem demonstrados. Assim, constata-se a fragilidade das prescrições políticas embasadas nesta construção teórica.
Gramáticas corporais e políticas da existência
Authors: Brito Celso de
Published: September 2011

Resenha do livro - FERREIRA, Vitor Sérgio. Marcas que demarcam: tatuagem, body piercing e culturas juvenis. Lisboa: Imprensa de Ciências Sociais, 2008.
Simmel e o dinheiro: primeiros ensaios
Authors: Leal Natacha Simei
Published: September 2011

Resenha do livro - SIMMEL, Georg. Psicologia dinheiro e outros ensaios. Tradução de Arthur Morão. Lisboa: Texto e Grafia, 2009.
As palavras e as coisas: uma nota sobre a terminologia dos estudos de trabalho
Authors: Marcelino Paula
Published: September 2011

Não é possível passar pela literatura sobre as questões do trabalho sem se deparar com os termos “flexibilização” e “precarização”. A esses, outros dois se associam: “trabalho atípico” e “desregulamentação”. Nosso objetivo com este texto é fazer uma breve reflexão sobre quais desses termos consideramos adequados para a análise das relações de emprego e trabalho sob o capitalismo contemporâneo e explicitar de quais processos falamos quando os usamos. Este texto está baseado em pesquisa bibliográfica dos estudos da área de trabalho.
Reestruturação produtiva e divisão sexual do trabalho: reflexões sobre o trabalho feminino contemporâneo
Authors: Pereira Netto Nilo Silva , Luz Nanci Stancki da
Published: September 2011

O texto apresenta uma reflexão sobre a categoria marxista do trabalho e as consequências dessa teoria para compreensão do trabalho feminino. Discute o trabalho feminino contemporâneo, notadamente a partir do advento da reestruturação produtiva, episódio fundamental para gerenciamento da crise estrutural do capital. Encerra considerando a importância da reflexão a respeito do trabalho e a divisão sexual do trabalho para compreensão da sociabilidade capitalista contemporânea.
Stability, Change, and Informant Variance in Newlyweds' Physical Aggression: Individual and Dyadic Processes
Authors: Lorber Michael F. , O'Leary K. Daniel
Published: September 2011

Individual and dyadic stability models of newlyweds' physical aggression were evaluated in a sample of 394 newlywed community couples recruited at engagement and followed for 2.5 years. Aggression in young couples was hypothesized to be a stable, enduring trait, consistent with a latent state–trait conceptualization. However, the findings indicated that aggression can more parsimoniously be conceptualized as a “somewhat stable” trait with strong short‐term correlations that gradually decrease at increasing intervals. Aggression was significantly dyadic. Men and women's aggression were consistently associated with one another across time beginning at engagement, with little evidence that one person's aggression evoked aggression in the partner in the time intervals studied. Consistency in a person's reporting of aggression, not shared with the partner, was strongest for self‐reports. Aggr. Behav. 38:1‐15, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploiting Microphase‐Separated Morphologies of Side‐Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymer Networks for Triple Shape Memory Properties
Authors: Ahn Suk‐kyun , Kasi Rajeswari M.
Published: September 2011

We report a new strategy to achieve triple shape memory properties by using side‐chain liquid crystalline (SCLC) type random terpolymer networks (XL‐ TP‐n), where n is the length of flexible methylene spacer (n = 5, 10, and 15) to link backbone and mesogen. A lower glass transition temperature (Tg = Tlow) and a higher liquid crystalline clearing temperature (Tcl = Thigh) of XL‐TP‐n serve as molecular switches to trigger a shape memory effect (SME). Two different triple shape creation procedures (TSCPs), thermomechanical treatments to obtain temporary shapes prior to the proceeding recovery step, are used to investigate the triple shape memory behavior of XL‐TP‐n. The discrete Tg and Tcl as well as unique microphase‐separated morphologies (backbone‐rich and mesogen‐rich domains) within smectic layers of XL‐TP‐n enables triple shape memory properties. Motional decoupling between backbone‐rich and mesogen‐rich domains is also critical to determine the resulting macroscopic shape memory properties. Our strategy for obtaining triple shape memory properties will pave the way for exploiting a broad range of SCLC polymers to develop a new class of actively moving polymers.
Advanced Multi‐Fuelled Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (ASOFCs) Using Functional Nanocomposites for Polygeneration
Authors: Raza Rizwan , Qin Haiying , Liu Qinghua , Samavati Mahrokh , Lima Raquel. B. , Zhu Bin
Published: September 2011

An advanced multifuelled solid oxide fuel cell (ASOFC) with a functional nanocomposite was developed and tested for use in a polygeneration system. Several different types of fuel, for example, gaseous (hydrogen and biogas) and liquid fuels (bio‐ethanol and bio‐methanol), were used in the experiments. Maximum power densities of 1000, 300, 600, 550 mW cm−2 were achieved using hydrogen, bio‐gas, bio‐methanol, and bio‐ethanol, respectively, in the ASOFC. Electrical and total efficiencies of 54% and 80% were achieved using the single cell with hydrogen fuel. These results show that the use of a multi‐fuelled system for polygeneration is a promising means of generating sustainable power.
Estimation of sublimation enthalpies of solids constituted by aromatic and/or polycyclic aliphatic rings by using a group contribution method
Authors: Tabernero Antonio , Valle Eva M. Martín del , Galán Miguel A.
Published: September 2011

A group contribution (GC) method is developed to predict the sublimation enthalpy of only any compound constituted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and/or polycyclic aliphatic rings with an average absolute relative deviation of 8.98% and an average absolute error of 9.22 kJ·mol−1. A statistical analysis (ANOVA table) and two validation tests are performed to show the consistency of the method. This GC method can speed up several processes in which it is required the value of the sublimation enthalpy of a solid with these characteristics (pharmaceuticals for instance). However, this method must not be used with inorganic compounds or organic solids with noncyclic structure. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Insights on global warming
Authors: Seinfeld John H.
Published: September 2011

The global temperature increase over the last century and a half (∼ 0.8°C), and the last three decades in particular, is well outside of that which can be attributed to natural climate fluctuations. The increase of atmospheric CO2 over this period has been conclusively demonstrated to be a result largely of fossil fuel burning. The global mean temperature change that results in response to a sustained perturbation of the Earth's energy balance after a time sufficiently long for both the atmosphere and oceans to come to thermal equilibrium is termed the Earth's climate sensitivity. The purely radiative (blackbody) warming from a doubling of CO2 from its preindustrial level of 280 parts‐per‐million (ppm) to 560 ppm is ∼ 1.2°C; the actual warming that would result is considerably larger owing to amplification by climate feedbacks, including that owing to water vapor. Increases in greenhouse gas (GHG) levels are estimated to have contributed about +3.0 W m−2 perturbation (radiative forcing) to the Earth's energy balance. Particles (aerosols), on the whole, exert a cooling effect on climate, with a total forcing estimated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007)1 as −1.2 W m−2, a value that is subject to considerable uncertainty. If the actual magnitude of aerosol forcing is close to the low end of its estimated uncertainty range, then it offsets a considerably smaller fraction of the GHG forcing and the total net forcing is at the high end of its range, ∼ 2.4 W m−2; at the other extreme, if the actual aerosol cooling is at the high end of its range, then aerosol forcing is currently offsetting a major fraction of GHG forcing, and the total net forcing is only ∼ 0.6 W m−2. To explain the actual global increase in temperature of ∼ 0.8°C, these two extremes have major implications in terms of the Earth's climate sensitivity. Climate sensitivity is determined by the strength of feedbacks, of which cloud feedback is the most uncertain. That the Earth has warmed and that GHGs are responsible is unequivocal; the Earth's climate sensitivity and the effect of aerosols complicate answers to the question: how much warming and how soon? © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Longitudinal lung function declines among California flavoring manufacturing workers
Authors: Kreiss Kathleen , Fedan Kathleen B. , Nasrullah Muazzam , Kim Thomas J. , Materna Barbara L. , Prudhomme Janice C. , Enright Paul L.
Published: September 2011

Background

The California Department of Public Health received serial spirometry data for flavoring manufacturing workers at 20 companies at risk of bronchiolitis obliterans.

Methods

We graded spirometry quality; identified individual workers with excessive decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) using relative longitudinal limits of decline based on 4% average within‐person variability; and analyzed declines by occupational risk factors.

Results

The quality of 1,696 spirometry tests from 724 workers varied by 17 providers, with poorer quality from commercial providers. Of 416 workers with at least two tests, 40 (9.6%) had abnormal FEV1 decline. Of 289 workers with high quality spirometry, 21 (7.3%) had abnormal decline. Only one of the 21 had airways obstruction. Abnormal FEV1 decline rates (per person‐month) were greater among workers at companies using ≥800 lbs/year diacetyl than at companies using lesser amounts. Abnormal FEV1 decline rates were greater at companies previously having four‐person clusters of spirometric obstruction than at companies with no or only one worker with obstruction.

Conclusions

Spirometric surveillance of flavoring workers can identify individual workers with an abnormal FEV1 decline for preventive intervention, even when the FEV1 itself remains within the normal range. Good quality spirometry and classification of abnormal with relative longitudinal limit of decline minimize misclassification of possible work‐related health effects. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:657–668, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Age‐ and sex‐specific patterns of vocal behavior in De Brazza's monkeys (Cercopithecus neglectus)
Authors: Bouchet Hélène , Blois‐Heulin Catherine , Lemasson Alban
Published: September 2011

Although vocal production is strongly genetically determined in nonhuman primates, vocal usage is more likely to be influenced by experience. Nonetheless, sex differences in both production and usage can be found in the vocal repertoire of adults, but little attention has been paid to their ontogeny. Here, we provide the first comprehensive analysis of the vocal repertoire of De Brazza's monkeys (Cercopithecus neglectus), with particular attention to age‐ and sex‐specific patterns. This species has special interest because it is the only monogamous species of guenons, but it nevertheless shares the strong sexual morphological and behavioral dimorphism seen in other guenons. A structurally based classification of calls recorded in 23 captive individuals has been cross‐validated by an analysis of the associated contexts of emission. We identified sound units that could be uttered alone or concatenated to form 10 call types, including only three types shared by all age‐sex‐classes. Both age‐ and sex‐discrepancy in terms of phonation could be explained by maturational changes and morphological dimorphism. In general, call production and usage parallel those seen in other guenons, suggesting that phylogeny and sexual dimorphism play important roles in vocal communication in this species. However, the boundary between adult male and female vocal repertoires appeared to be less strict than previously reported, suggesting that both sexes have the capacity to produce calls of the other sex but that social roles may constrain this expression. Similarly, age‐specific vocal patterns would reflect respective social roles, and experience to some extent. Finally, calling rates would reflect age‐/sex‐specific degree of involvement in intragroup social networks. These findings highlight the relative importance of phylogeny, morphology, and social system on the shaping of individual repertoires in nonhuman primates. Am. J. Primatol. 74:12–28, 2012. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The genetics of ocular disorders: Insights from the zebrafish
Authors: Morris Ann C.
Published: September 2011

Proper formation of the vertebrate eye requires a precisely coordinated sequence of morphogenetic events that integrate the developmental contributions of the skin ectoderm, neuroectoderm, and head mesenchyme. Disruptions in this process result in ocular malformations or retinal degeneration and can cause significant visual impairment. The zebrafish is an excellent vertebrate model for the study of eye development and disease due to the transparency of the embryo, its ex utero development, and its amenability to forward genetic screens. This review will present an overview of the genetic methodologies utilized in the zebrafish, a description of several zebrafish models of congenital ocular diseases, and a discussion of the utility of the zebrafish for assessing the pathogenicity of candidate disease alleles. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 93:215–228, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Targeted mutagenesis of zebrafish: Use of zinc finger nucleases
Authors: Leong Ivone Un San , Lai Daniel , Lan Chuan‐Ching , Johnson Ross , Love Donald R. , Johnson Ross , Love Donald R.
Published: September 2011

The modeling of human disease in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) is moving away from chemical mutagensis and transient downregulation using morpholino oligomers to more targeted and stable transgenic methods. In this respect, zinc finger nucleases offer a means of introducing mutations at targeted sites at high efficiency. We describe here the development of zinc finger nucleases and their general use in model systems with a focus on the zebrafish. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 93:249–255, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zebrafish—As an integrative model for twenty‐first century toxicity testing
Authors: Sipes Nisha S. , Padilla Stephanie , Knudsen Thomas B.
Published: September 2011

The zebrafish embryo is a useful small model for investigating vertebrate development because of its transparency, low cost, transgenic and morpholino capabilities, conservation of cell signaling, and concordance with mammalian developmental phenotypes. From these advantages, the zebrafish embryo has been considered as an alternative model for traditional in vivo developmental toxicity screening. The use of this organism in conjunction with traditional in vivo developmental toxicity testing has the potential to reduce cost and increase throughput of testing the chemical universe, prioritize chemicals for targeted toxicity testing, generate predictive models of developmental toxicants, and elucidate mechanisms and adverse outcome pathways for abnormal development. This review gives an overview of the zebrafish embryo for pre dictive toxicology and 21st century toxicity testing. Developmental eye defects were selected as an example to evaluate data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's ToxCast program comparing responses in zebrafish embryos with those from pregnant rats and rabbits for a subset of 24 environmental chemicals across >600 in vitro assay targets. Cross‐species comparisons implied a common basis for biological pathways associated with neuronal defects, extracellular matrix remodeling, and mitotic arrest. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 93:256–267, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A validated bioanalytical HPLC method for pharmacokinetic evaluation of 2‐deoxyglucose in human plasma
Authors: Gounder Murugesan K. , Lin Hongxia , Stein Mark , Goodin Susan , Bertino Joseph R. , Kong Ah‐Ng Tony , DiPaola Robert S.
Published: September 2011

2‐Deoxyglucose (2‐DG), an analog of glucose, is widely used to interfere with glycolysis in tumor cells and studied as a therapeutic approach in clinical trials. To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of 2‐DG, we describe the development and validation of a sensitive HPLC fluorescent method for the quantitation of 2‐DG in plasma. Plasma samples were deproteinized with methanol and the supernatant was dried at 45°C. The residues were dissolved in methanolic sodium acetate–boric acid solution. 2‐DG and other monosaccharides were derivatized to 2‐aminobenzoic acid derivatives in a single step in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride at 80°C for 45 min. The analytes were separated on a YMC ODS C18 reversed‐phase column using gradient elution. The excitation and emission wavelengths were set at 360 and 425 nm. The 2‐DG calibration curves were linear over the range of 0.63–300 µg/mL with a limit of detection of 0.5 µg/mL. The assay provided satisfactory intra‐day and inter‐day precision with RSD less than 9.8%, and the accuracy ranged from 86.8 to 110.0%. The HPLC method is reproducible and suitable for the quantitation of 2‐DG in plasma. The method was successfully applied to characterize the pharmacokinetics profile of 2‐DG in patients with advanced solid tumors. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination and pharmacokinetics of [6]‐gingerol in mouse plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Kim Min Gi , Shin Beom Soo , Choi Yohan , Ryu Jae Kuk , Shin Seung Woo , Choo Hyun Wook , Yoo Sun Dong
Published: September 2011

This study describes the development of a rapid and sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) assay for the quantification of [6]‐gingerol in mouse plasma and application to a pharmacokinetic study after dose ranging in mice. The assay involved a protein precipitation step with acetonitrile and an isocratic elution using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% formic acid (80:20 v/v). The multiple reaction monitoring was based on the transition of m/z = 277.2 → 177.1 for [6]‐gingerol and 294.2 → 137.1 for nonivamide (internal standard). The assay was validated to demonstrate the specificity, linearity, recovery, accuracy, precision and stability. The calibration curves were linear over the wide concentration range of 10–10,000 ng/mL (r ≥ 0.9988). The lower limit of quantification was 10 ng/mL using a small volume of mouse plasma (20 μL). The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in mice after intravenous injection of [6]‐gingerol at 1.5, 3 and 6 mg/kg doses. The pharmacokinetics of [6]‐gingerol were linear over the dose range studied as demonstrated by the linear increase in area under the concentration‐time curve (AUCinf) with no significant change in the systemic clearance (Cls), volume of distribution (Vss) and elimination half‐life (t1/2) as a function of dose. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rational Enantioselective Design of Chiral Heterobimetallic Single‐Chain Magnets: Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties of Oxamato‐Bridged MIICuII Chains (M=Mn, Co)
Authors: Ferrando‐Soria Jesús , Cangussu Danielle , Eslava Mercedes , Journaux Yves , Lescouëzec Rodrigue , Julve Miguel , Lloret Francesc , Pasán Jorge , Ruiz‐Pérez Catalina , Lhotel Elsa , Paulsen Carley , Pardo Emilio
Published: September 2011

A new series of neutral oxamato‐bridged MIICuII chiral chains of general formula [MCuLx(S)m(H2O)n]⋅aS⋅bH2O [L1=(M)‐1,1′‐binaphthalene‐2,2′‐bis(oxamate) with M=Mn (1 a) and Co (1 b); L2=(P)‐1,1′‐binaphthalene‐2,2′‐bis(oxamate) with M=Mn (2 a) and Co (2 b)] and the analogous racemic chains of formula [MCuL3(S)m(H2O)n]⋅aS⋅bH2O [L3=1,1′‐binaphthalene‐2,2′‐bis(oxamate) with M=Mn (3 a) and Co (3 b)] have been prepared by reaction of the corresponding dianionic oxamatocopper(II) complex [Cu(Lx)]2− with Mn2+ or Co2+ cations in either dimethylformamide (DMF) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Solid circular dichroism (CD) spectra of the bimetallic chain compounds were recorded to establish their chiral and enantiomeric nature. They exhibit maximum positive and negative Cotton effects, each pair of enantiomeric chains being non‐superimposable mirror images. The crystal structures of the MnIICuII (1 a–3 a) and the CoIICuII (1 b and 2 b) chain compounds were solved by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction methods. Our attempts to obtain X‐ray quality crystals of 3 b were unsuccessful. The values of the shortest interchain Mn⋅⋅⋅Mn and Co⋅⋅⋅Co distances are indicative of a good isolation of neighbouring chains in the crystal lattice, which is caused by the bulky aromatic ligand. Although all the MnIICuII and CoIICuII chains exhibit ferrimagnetic behaviour (−JMnCu=18.9–26.6 cm−1 and −JCoCu=19.5–32.5 cm−1), only the enantiopure CoIICuII chains (1 b and 2 b) show slow magnetic relaxation at low temperatures (TB=0.6–1.8 K), which is a characteristic of single‐chain magnets (SCMs) and is related to the magnetic anisotropy of the high‐spin CoII ion. Analysis of the SCM behaviour of 1 b and 2 b, based on Glauber’s theory for an Ising one‐dimensional system, shows a thermally activated mechanism for the magnetic relaxation (Arrhenius law dependence). The energy barriers (Ea) to reverse the magnetisation direction are 8.2 (1 b) and 8.1 cm−1 (2 b), whereas the pre‐exponential factor (τ0) is 1.9×10−8 (1 b) and 6.0×10−9 s (2 b). Interestingly, the racemic CoIICuII chain analogue, 3 b, showed no evidence of SCM behaviour.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Stability, Ionic Conductivity of BaCe0.9‐xZrxSm0.10O3‐α and Its Application to Ammonia Synthesis at Atmospheric Pressure.
Authors: Wang Xiaowen , Yin Jinling , Xu Jianhong , Wang Hongtao , Ma Guilin
Published: September 2011

Title ceramics with x = 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.30 are prepared by heat treatment (1423 and 1823 K in air for 10 h each) of precursors obtained by coprecipitation from HNO3 solutions of Ba(NO3)2, (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6, ZrO(NO3)2, and Sm(NO3)3 in the presence of polyethylene glycol.
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐Crystal NaY(MoO4)2 thin Plates with Dominant {001} Facets for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes under Visible Light Irradiation.
Authors: Liu Sen‐Sen , Yang Dong‐Peng , Ma De‐Kun , Wang Shun , Tang Tian‐Di , Huang Shao‐Ming
Published: September 2011

NaY(MoO4)2 thin plates with 93% {001} facets are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous solutions of Y(NO3)3, Na2MoO4, and HNO3 (autoclave, pH 4.3, 180 °C, 20 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Cerium—Tungsten Mixed Oxide Catalyst for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with NH3.
Authors: Shan Wenpo , Liu Fudong , He Hong , Shi Xiaoyan , Zhang Changbin
Published: September 2011

Mixed Ce—W oxide catalysts (Ce2WOx, CeWOx, CeW2Ox) are prepared by homogeneous precipitation from aqueous solutions of Ce(NO3)3, (NH4)10W12O41, and (COOH)2 using urea (90 °C, 12 h) followed by calcination in air (500 °C, 5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Physical Properties of the New Chalcogenides Ba3Cu17‐x(S,Te)11 and Ba3Cu17‐x(S,Te)11.5 with Two Different Cu Clusters.
Authors: Kuropatwa Bryan A. , Assoud Abdeljalil , Kleinke Holger
Published: September 2011

Ba3Cu15.1S7.92Te3.08 (I), Ba3Cu15.7S7.051Te3.949 (II), Ba3Cu15.6S5.33Te6.17 (III), and Ba3Cu16.0S4.45Te7.05 (IV) are synthesized from stoichiometric mixtures of the elements at 1073 K (6 h, slow cooling to 873 K over 100 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Selective Iron‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Alkenes by the Reduction of Alkynes.
Authors: Enthaler Stephan , Haberberger Michael , Irran Elisabeth
Published: September 2011

The system Fe(CO)9/PBu3 promotes the chemoselective reduction of alkynes to alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrolysis: Asymmetric Hydrolytic Protonation of Enol Esters Catalyzed by Phase‐Transfer Catalysts.
Authors: Yamamoto Eiji , Nagai Ayano , Hamasaki Akiyuki , Tokunaga Makoto
Published: September 2011

Compared with known enzymatic reactions, the new protocol can also be performed under concentrated and in buffer‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Mixed Phosphane η5‐CpRuCl(PR3)2 Complexes as Ambifunctional Catalysts for anti‐Markovnikov Hydration of Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Boeck Florian , Kribber Thomas , Xiao Li , Hintermann Lukas
Published: September 2011

A new in situ mixed phosphane catalyst, is mixed in situ, used for preparative anti‐Markovnikov hydration of alkynes in water‐rich media.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Palladium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Allylation of Highly Electron‐Deficient Polyfluoroarenes.
Authors: Fan Shilu , Chen Fei , Zhang Xingang
Published: September 2011

A convenient procedure is developed by reaction of carbonates (II) with the corresponding fluorinated arenes.
ChemInform Abstract: The Dinosyl Group: A Powerful Activator for the Regioselective Alcoholysis of Aziridines.
Authors: Stanetty Christian , Blaukopf Markus K. , Lachmann Bodo , Noe Christian R.
Published: September 2011

The Dns group presents major advantages over the tosyl and nosyl protecting groups in the alcoholysis reaction of aziridines in terms of reaction time and selectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: SBA‐15‐Functionalized TEMPO Confined Ionic Liquid: An Efficient Catalyst System for Transition‐Metal‐Free Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols with Improved Selectivity.
Authors: Karimi Babak , Badreh Ebrahim
Published: September 2011

A novel catalyst system for the aerobic oxidation of a wide range of alcohols is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling of Propargylic Carbonates with N‐Tosylhydrazones: Highly Selective Synthesis of Substituted Propargylic N‐Sulfonylhydrazones and Vinylallenes.
Authors: Chen Zi‐Sheng , Duan Xin‐Hua , Wu Lu‐Yong , Ali Shaukat , Ji Ke‐Gong , Zhou Ping‐Xin , Liu Xue‐Yuan , Liang Yong‐Min
Published: September 2011

Propargylic N‐sulfonylhydrazones are obtained using PdCl2(MeCN)2 by direct propargylic substitution.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antiproliferative Activity, and Mechanism of Action of a Series of 2‐{[(2E)‐3‐Phenylprop‐2‐enoyl]amino}benzamides.
Authors: Raffa Demetrio , et al. et al.
Published: September 2011

Some of the new benzamides (III) and (VIII) are evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against the full NCI tumor cell line panel.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Pinacol Coupling of Aryl Ketones with a Phenyltitanium Reagent: A New Type of Catalytic Reaction.
Authors: Hayashi Tamio , Sasaki Keigo
Published: September 2011

A novel protocol for the synthesis of pinacol alcohols is presented using a low valent phenyl‐titanium species as reducing agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Bergman Cyclization of Fluorinated Benzo‐Fused Enediynes to Naphthalene Derivatives: Syntheses and Structures.
Authors: Kane Christopher M. , Meyers Tiffany B. , Yu Xin , Gerken Michael , Etzkorn Markus
Published: September 2011

The subtle changes in the substitution pattern of the fluorinated naphthalenes cause significant diversity in their molecular structures due to different non‐covalent interactions in the solid state.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Methylenetetrahydrofurans by Palladium‐Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Trimethylenemethane with Aldehydes — A Novel Ligand Design.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Bringley Dustin A. , Silverman Steven M.
Published: September 2011

A new type of phosphoramidite ligand is developed possessing a stereogenic phosphorus, whose high reactivity mitigates the need for a Lewis acid co‐catalyst in the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative C—H/C—H Cross‐Coupling of Indoles and Pyrroles with Heteroarenes.
Authors: Wang Zhen , Li Kaizhi , Zhao Dongbing , Lan Jingbo , You Jingsong
Published: September 2011

A Pd—Cu co‐catalyst system is successfully applied to the oxidative C—C cross coupling of indole and pyrrole derivatives with various hetarenes like purine, thiazole, or oxazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Cp2ZrCl2‐Induced Reformatsky and Barbier Reactions on Isatins: An Efficient Synthesis of 3‐Substituted‐3‐hydroxyindolin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Chouhan Mangilal , Sharma Ratnesh , Nair Vipin A.
Published: September 2011

The Reformatsky reaction is investigated and first applied under optimized conditions to carbonyl compounds (I)/(IV) and esters (II)/(V).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Aminooxygenation: Direct Access to Formyl‐Substituted Aromatic N‐Heterocycles.
Authors: Wang Honggen , Wang Yong , Liang Dongdong , Liu Lanying , Zhang Jiancun , Zhu Qiang
Published: September 2011

Treatment of N‐allyl‐2‐aminopyridines or N‐allylamidines with O2 in the presence of copper catalyst allows a direct production of formyl‐substituted imidazole skeletons from acyclic substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Remarkable Stereocontrol in 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Acyclic Nitrones: Investigation of the Cycloaddition of C,N‐Diaryl Nitrones to Methyl Cinnamate under Different Reaction Conditions.
Authors: Biswas Pizush Kanti , Bandyopadhyay Debasish , Prange Thierry , Neuman Alain , Banerji Avijit
Published: September 2011

The different outcome of the title reaction is discussed based on MO theory.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient, Stereoselective Approach to the Synthesis of 3‐(1‐Phenyl‐2‐(Z‐styrylsulfonyl)‐1H‐imidazol‐4‐yl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐ones.
Authors: Guravaiah Nalajam , Rao Vedula Rajeswar
Published: September 2011

A facile synthesis of the title styrylsulfonylimidazoles (VIII) (some yields not given), which are expected to possess higher anticancer activity than aryl styryl sulfones, is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Pt(IV)‐Catalyzed Generation and [4 + 2]‐Cycloaddition Reactions of o‐Quinone Methides.
Authors: Radomkit Suttipol , Sarnpitak Pakornwit , Tummatorn Jumreang , Batsomboon Paratchata , Ruchirawat Somsak , Ploypradith Poonsakdi
Published: September 2011

A variety of dihydrobenzopyran derivatives is prepared by Pt(IV)‐catalyzed generation of o‐quinone methides and their subsequent inter‐ and intramolecular cycloaddition towards various dienophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Organometallic Enantiomeric Scaffolding: A Strategy for the Enantiocontrolled Construction of Regio‐ and Stereodivergent Trisubstituted Piperidines from a Common Precursor.
Authors: Wong Heilam , Garnier‐Amblard Ethel C. , Liebeskind Lanny S.
Published: September 2011

A general, efficient, and stereoselective method to prepare 2,3,6‐cis‐ and 2,6‐cis‐3‐trans‐trisubstituted piperidines is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Barium Chloride Dispersed on Silica Gel Nanoparticles: An Efficient Catalyst for the Preparation of 2,4,6‐Triarylpyridines under Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Shafiee Mohammad Reza Mohammad , Moloudi Raheleh
Published: September 2011

by the reaction of acetophenones with benzaldehydes, and ammonium acetate
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Bicyclic 4‐Aminopyrimidines from the Reaction of Dinitriles with Mononitriles.
Authors: Chercheja Serghei , Simpson Juliet K. , Lam Hon Wai
Published: September 2011

Title reaction proceeds via a Thorpe—Ziegler cyclization of the dinitrile to generate a β‐cyanoenamine which subsequently undergoes a second cyclization step with the mononitrile to give fused pyrimidine derivative, e.g. (III), (V), (VII) and (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Carbonylation of Functionalized Diamine Diols to Cyclic Ureas: Application to Derivatives of DMP 450.
Authors: Darko Ampofo K. , Curran F. Chris , Copin Chloe , McElwee‐White Lisa
Published: September 2011

Cyclic urea derivatives are synthesized by carbonylation of primary and secondary diamines.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Tetrahydro‐1,4‐thiazepines.
Authors: Bakavoli M. , Beyzaei H. , Rahimizadeh M. , Eshghi H.
Published: September 2011

Title compounds (IV) are obtained via two different routes via a shared intermediate.
ChemInform Abstract: New 2‐Thioether‐Substituted Apomorphines as Potent and Selective Dopamine D2 Receptor Agonists.
Authors: Reinart Reet , Gyulai Zsuzsanna , Berenyi Sandor , Antus Sandor , Vonk Argo , Rinken Ago , Sipos Attila
Published: September 2011

The introduction of substituents at position 2 of the aporphine backbone is suitable for the preparation of 2‐O‐ and 2‐S‐substituted aporphines with the methanesulfonic acid‐mediated rearrangement of thebaine (I).
ChemInform Abstract: The New 5‐ or 6‐Azapyrimidine and Cyanuric Acid Derivatives of L‐Ascorbic Acid Bearing the Free C‐5 Hydroxy or C‐4 Amino Group at the Ethylenic Spacer: CD‐Spectral Absolute Configuration Determination and Biological Activity Evaluations.
Authors: Mintas M. , et al. et al.
Published: September 2011

Cytosine and azacytosine derivatives of L‐ascorbic acid are obtained by the reaction of silylated cytosine bases (I) with ascorbic acid derivatives (II) and (VII) under Vorbrueggen reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Advanced Electron Microscopy Investigation of Ceria‐Zirconia‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Lopez‐Haro M. , Perez‐Omil J. A. , Hernandez‐Garrido J. C. , Trasobares S. , Hungria A. B. , Cies J. M. , Midgley P. A. , Bayle‐Guillemaud P. , Martinez‐Arias A. , Bernal S. , et al. et al.
Published: September 2011

Review: 46 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Group II Borohydrides as Hydrogen Storage Materials
Authors: Roennebro Ewa
Published: September 2011

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanomaterials of High Surface Energy with Exceptional Properties in Catalysis and Energy Storage
Authors: Zhou Zhi‐You , Tian Na , Li Jun‐Tao , Broadwell Ian , Sun Shi‐Gang
Published: September 2011

Review: 139 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Exploitation of Luminescent Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl Polypyridine Complexes as Biomolecular and Cellular Probes
Authors: Lo Kenneth Kam‐Wing , Zhang Kenneth Yin , Li Steve Po‐Yam
Published: September 2011

Review: about 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cascade Polycyclizations in Natural Product Synthesis.
Authors: Anderson Edward A.
Published: September 2011

Review: 76 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Catalyzed Redox Reactions of Small Inorganic and Organic Molecules Aimed at Energy Conversion
Authors: Tanaka Koji
Published: September 2011

Review: ca. 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Challenge of Creating Single‐Agents for the Treatment of Type 1 and 2 Diabetes by Targeting Retinoid X Receptor
Authors: Kakuta Hiroki
Published: September 2011

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioreactor Landfill Technology in Municipal Solid Waste Treatment
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Chiemchaisri Chart , Mudhoo Ackmez
Published: September 2011

Review: 112 refs.
Gastric H+,K+‐ATPase
Authors: Shin Jai Moo , Munson Keith , Sachs George
Published: September 2011

The gastric H+,K+‐ATPase is responsible for gastric acid secretion. This ATPase is composed of two subunits, the catalytic α subunit and the structural β subunit. The α subunit with molecular mass of about 100 kDa has 10 transmembrane domains and is strongly associated with the β subunit with a single transmembrane segment and a peptide mass of 35 kDa. Its three‐dimensional structure is based on homology modeling and site‐directed mutagenesis resulting in a proton extrusion and K+reabsorption model. There are three conserved H3O+‐binding sites in the middle of the membrane domain and H3O+secretion depends on a conformational change involving Lys791insertion into the second H3O+site enclosed by E795, E820, and D824 that allows export of protons at a concentration of 160 mM. K+countertransport involves binding to this site after the release of protons with retrograde displacement of Lys791and then K+transfer to E343 and exit to the cytoplasm. This ATPase is the major therapeutic target in treatment of acid‐related diseases and there are several known luminal inhibitors allowing analysis of the luminal vestibule. One class contains the acid‐activated covalent, thiophilic proton pump inhibitors, the most effective of current acid‐suppressive drugs. Their binding sites and trypsinolysis allowed identification of all ten transmembrane segments of the ATPase. In addition, various K+‐competitive inhibitors of the ATPase are being developed, with the advantage of complete and rapid inhibition of acid secretion independent of pump activity and allowing further refinement of the structure of the luminal vestibule of the E2form of this ATPase. © 2011 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol1:2141‐2153, 2011.