A predictive hypertension model for patients with dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a robust hybrid methodology
Authors: Ahmad Wan Muhamad Amir W , Adnan Mohamad Nasarudin , Rahman Nuzlinda Abdul , Ghazali Farah Muna Mohamad , AzlidaAleng Nor , Badrin Zainab Mat Yudin , Alam Mohammad Khursheed 
Published: April 2023

Background:Hypertension is a public health problem used to describe high blood pressure where the blood vessels are persistently increased in force. According to WHO, hypertension has been reported in one in four men and one in five women. Worldwide, hypertension is a common health problem that affects 20-30% of the adult population and more than 5-8% of pregnancies, and it is frequently curable when detected and treated early enough.
Objective: This paper aims to validate the factor associatedwith hypertension status among patients with dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This could help to improve the prediction of the probability of hypertension among studied patients.
Material and Methods: 39 patients were recruited from the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). In this retrospective study, advanced computational statistical modeling methodologies were used to evaluate data descriptions of several variables such as hypertension, marital status, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, alanine transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and urea reading. The R-Studio software and syntax were used to implement and test the hazard ratio. The statistics for each sample were calculated using a combination model that included bootstrap and multiple logistic regression methods.
Results: The statistical strategy showed R demonstrates that regression modeling outperforms an R-squared. It revealed that the hybrid model technique better predicts the outcome when data is partitioned into a training and testing dataset. The variable validation was determined using the well-established bootstrap-integrated MLRtechnique. In this case, eight variables are considered: marital status, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, alanine transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and urea reading. It’s important to note that six things affect the hazard ratio: Marital status (β1: 1.183519; p< 0.25), systolic blood pressure ( :-0.144516; p< 0.25), total cholesterol (β2: 0.9585890; p< 0.25), high-density lipoprotein ( :-5.927411; p< 0.25), alkaline phosphatase ( :-0.008973; p> 0.25), and urea reading ( :0.064169; p< 0.25).There is a 0.003469102 MSE for the linear model in this scenario.
Conclusion: In this study, a hybrid approach combining bootstrapping and multiple logistic regression will be developed and extensively tested. The R syntax for this methodology was designed to ensure that the researcher completely understood the illustration. In this case, a hybrid model demonstrates how this critical conclusion enables us to understand better the utility and relative contribution of the hybrid method to the outcome. The statistical technique used in this study, R, demonstrates that regression modelingoutperforms R-squared values of 0.9014 and 0.00882 for the Predicted Mean Squared Error, respectively. Thus, the study’s conclusion establishes the superiority of the hybrid model technique used in the study.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 02 April’23 Page : 422-431