bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aspekty polityki Unii Europejskiej wobec Afryki w kontekście kryzysu migracyjnego
Authors: Banach Wawrzyniec
Published: February 2019

Celem artykułu jest przegląd polityki Unii Europejskiej wobec Afryki w kontekście kryzysu migracyjnego w latach 2011-2017. Analiza źródeł w postaci aktów prawnych i dokumentów Unii Europejskiej pozwoliła na identyfikację zmian w wymiarze zewnętrznym różnych polityk unijnych adresowanych do państw afrykańskich. W niniejszej pracy skupiono są na przedstawieniu ram polityki Unii Europejskiej wobec Afryki. Następnie przybliżono zjawisko intensyfikacji migracji z tego kontynentu do Europy. Zaprezentowano także odpowiedź Unii Europejskiej na problem wzmożonej presji na granice zewnętrzne.
Greece under SYRIZA government and the European Union
Authors: Ratajczak Anna
Published: February 2019

Autorka w artykule poddaje analizie trzy lata rządów lewicowej SYRIZY w Grecji. Omawia podłoże historycznego zwycięstwa partii pod wodzą Aleksisa Tsiprasa w wyborach parlamentarnych w 2015 r. Ponadto analizuje przebieg negocjacji z greckimi wierzycielami dotyczącymi III programu pomocowego. Zwraca też uwagę na konieczność stopniowego odchodzenia od sprzeciwu wobec polityki oszczędności oraz reakcje społeczne na wprowadzane reformy. W końcowej części, autorka pracy wskazuje na bieżące wyzwania rządu greckiego.
Slovak Republic’s accession to the European Union
Authors: Żarna Krzysztof
Published: February 2019

Niniejszy artykuł opiera się na założeniu, że polityka rządu Vladimira Meciara, w szczególności liczne przypadki naruszeń praw człowieka, negatywnie wpłynęła na proces przystąpienia Republiki Słowackiej do Unii Europejskiej. W porównaniu z innymi państwami regionu Europy Środkowej, w przypadku słowackich partii politycznych osiągnęły one narodowy konsensus dotyczący przystąpienia do Unii Europejskiej.
Polska wobec rozwoju polityki bezpieczeństwa i obrony Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Ciupiński Andrzej
Published: February 2019

Artykuł dotyczy ewolucji stanowiska rządów Polski wobec kolejnych etapów rozwoju europejskiej autonomii strategicznej (Europejska Tożsamości Bezpieczeństwa i Obrony), Europejskiej Polityki Bezpieczeństwa i Obrony oraz Wspólna Europejska Polityka Bezpieczeństwa i Obrony Unii Europejskiej). Wyodrębnione zostały dwa etapy polskiej Polityki; przed akcesją do UE oraz udział Polski w ESDP/WPBiO, po przystąpieniu do UE. Podczas sprawowania przez Polskę Prezydencji w Radzie, jednym z priorytetów było doskonalenie zdolności wojskowych i systemu reagowania kryzysowego. Scharakteryzowano oficjalne stanowisko władz polskich wobec integracji systemu bezpieczeństwa UE wyrażone w dokumentach strategicznych. Ostatni taki dokument został opublikowany w maju 2017 r. w Ministerstwie Obrony Narodowej. Zwrócono uwagę na sytuacje kryzysowe w problemach dotyczących integracji europejskiej oraz na brak zainteresowania aktualnych władz politycznych Polski udziałem w reformowaniu systemu bezpieczeństwa UE.
The Polish People’s Republic in the context of elections to the European Parliament of the European Community (1979)
Authors: Barabasz Adam
Published: February 2019

W artykule przybliżono polskie reakcje na organizację wyborów do Parlamentu Europejskiego w 1979 roku. Skoncentrowano się na opiniach publicystów prasy polskiej, zwrócono także uwagę na reakcje Ministerstwa Spraw Wewnętrznych PRL na zapowiadany po 1975 roku proces unifikacji politycznej EWG. Przedstawiono również reakcje społeczeństw państw „dziewiątki” na niebagatelne wydarzenie, jakim były wybory do Parlamentu Europejskiego.
J. Czaputowicz, Teorie integracji europejskiej, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA, Warszawa 2018, ss. 258.
Authors: Ratajczak Anna
Published: February 2019

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Zbigniew Czachór, Joanna Jancz (red.), Kryzys w państwie. Kryzys w Unii Europejskiej. Analiza wieloaspektowa, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Poznań 2016, ss. 201.
Authors: Siuda Anna
Published: February 2019

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The role of the Bundestag in shaping the European policy of reunited Germany
Authors: Koszel Bogdan
Published: February 2019

Zgodnie z Ustawą zasadniczą Niemiec, to Bundestag sprawuje parlamentarną kontrolę nad europejską polityką Niemiec. Każdorazowo rząd musi informować o swoich zamierzeniach posłów. Ustawy kompetencyjne z 2009 r. wzmocniły dodatkowo parlamentarną kontrolę, uzależniając podjęcie każdej kluczowej dla losów Niemiec decyzji w Unii Europejskiej od zgody deputowanych. W opinii autora ogranicza to możliwości do działania rządu Merkel w UE, ale też nie paraliżuje jego inicjatyw. Bundestag zachowywał się odpowiedzialnie i zgodnie z wolą rządu w okresie kryzysu finansowego strefy euro, gdzie wymagana była zgoda na finansową pomoc dla Grecji, ustanowienie Europejskiego Mechanizmu Stabilności i unię bankową.
Pro-Russian lobbying in modern Germany
Authors: Janicka Izabela
Published: February 2019

Artykuł prezentuje polityczny i medialny proces formowania niemieckiej opinii publicznej na temat Federacji Rosyjskiej, który przybrał na sile po przyjęciu przez RFN nowej polityki wschodniej. Wraz z początkiem konfliktu ukraińsko-rosyjskiego i wprowadzeniem przez UE sankcji maszyna propagandowa Moskwy dotknęła wszystkie poziomy aktywności rosyjskiej w Niemczech. Ich analiza umożliwiła identyfikację tzw. Russlandversteher oraz instytucjo­nalnych form wzajemnych kontaktów, które mogły mieć wpływ na procesy decyzyjne rządu niemieckiego. Wymieniono również głównych aktorów lobbingu rosyjskiego, których popular­ność może modyfikować percepcję polityki rosyjskiej względem Ukrainy i UE.
Replication of R-pronouns in German dialects
Authors: Hein Johannes , Barnickel Katja
Published: February 2019

A considerable number of German dialects exhibit doubled R-pronouns with pronominal adverbs
(dadamit, dadafür, dadagegen). At first sight, this type of in situ
replication seems to be completely redundant since its occurrence is independent of R-pronoun extraction/movement.
The main purpose of this paper is to account for (i) the difference between dialects with regard to replication
of R-pronouns and (ii) why an (apparently redundant) process of replication occurs. Following Müller (2000a),
who considers R-pronouns to be a repair phenomenon, we present an analysis in the framework of
Optimality Theory. We argue that replication of R-pronouns is a consequence of different rankings of
universal requirements like e.g. the Inclusiveness Condition, the Lexical Integrity
Hypothesis and Antilocality and that the interaction of these constraints results
in the occurrence of replication.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a dextran-graft-polybutylmethacrylate copolymer coated on CoCr metallic stent
Authors: Delattre Cécilia , Velazquez Diego , Roques Caroline , Pavon-Djavid Graciela , Ollivier Véronique , Lokajczyk Anna , Avramoglou Thierry , Gueguen Virginie , Louedec Liliane , Caligiuri Giuseppina , Jandrot-Perrus Martine , Boisson-Vidal Catherine , Letourneur Didier , Meddahi-Pelle Anne
Published: February 2019

Introduction: The major complications of stent implantation are restenosis and late stent thrombosis. PBMA polymers are used for stent coating because of their mechanical properties. We previously synthesized and characterized Dextrangraft-polybutylmethacrylate copolymer (Dex-PBMA) as a potential stent coating. In this study, we evaluated the haemocompatibility and biocompatibility properties of Dex-PBMA in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Here, we investigated: (1) the effectiveness of polymer coating under physiological conditions and its ability to release Tacrolimus®, (2) the capacity of Dex-PBMA to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus adhesion, (3) the thrombin generation and the human platelet adhesion in static and dynamic conditions, (4) the biocompatibility properties in vitro on human endothelial colony forming cells ( ECFC) and on mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and in vivo in rat models, and (5) we implanted Dex-PBMA and Dex-PBMATAC coated stents in neointimal hyperplasia restenosis rabbit model. Results: Dex-PBMA coating efficiently prevented bacterial adhesion and release Tacrolimus®. Dex-PBMA exhibit haemocompatibility properties under flow and ECFC and MSC compatibility. In vivo, no pathological foreign body reaction was observed neither after intramuscular nor intravascular aortic implantation. After Dex-PBMA and Dex-PBMATAC coated stents 30 days implantation in a restenosis rabbit model, an endothelial cell coverage was observed and the lumen patency was preserved. Conclusion: Based on our findings, Dex-PBMA exhibited vascular compatibility and can potentially be used as a coating for metallic coronary stents.
Preparation and characterization of biocomposite films of carrageenan/locust bean gum/montmorrillonite for transdermal delivery of curcumin
Authors: Kaur Ramanjot , Sharma Ameya , Puri Vivek , Singh Inderbir
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Skin can be used as a site for local and systemic drug administration. Diffusion of drugs through the skin has led to the development of different transdermal drug delivery systems. Curcumin is a wound healing and anti-inflammatory agent. Curcumin was incorporated into biocomposite films of carrageenan (κC)/locust bean gum (LBG)/ montmorillonite (MMT) prepared by a solvent casting method. Methods: Film-forming solutions were prepared by adding and 2.5% v/v of propylene glycol and MMT (30% w/w). The curcumin loaded polymer composite transdermal films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Mechanical properties in terms of tensile strength and extensibility were studied. Films were also evaluated for moisture content, moisture uptake, thickness, folding endurance, swelling ratio and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). Results: κC and κC/L40 showed the highest percent cumulative release of 80.42±1.61% and 69.38±1.26% among all of the polymer composite transdermal films in 8 hours and 24 hours respectively. Conclusion: In vitro release profiles showed that increasing concentration of LBG and MMT sustained the release of the drug from the polymer composite transdermal films. Decreased percent cumulative release as the concentration of LBG and MMT increases in polymer composite transdermal film.
Going with the Flow: The Neural Mechanisms Underlying Illusions of Complex-Flow Motion
Authors: Luo Junxiang , He Keyan , Andolina Ian Max , Li Xiaohong , Yin Jiapeng , Chen Zheyuan , Gu Yong , Wang Wei
Published: February 2019

Studying the mismatch between perception and reality helps us better understand the constructive nature of the visual brain. The Pinna–Brelstaff motion illusion is a compelling example illustrating how a complex moving pattern can generate an illusory motion perception. When an observer moves toward (expansion) or away (contraction) from the Pinna–Brelstaff figure, the figure appears to rotate. The neural mechanisms underlying the illusory complex-flow motion of rotation, expansion, and contraction remain unknown. We studied this question at both perceptual and neuronal levels in behaving male macaques by using carefully parametrized Pinna–Brelstaff figures that induce the above motion illusions. We first demonstrate that macaques perceive illusory motion in a manner similar to that of human observers. Neurophysiological recordings were subsequently performed in the middle temporal area (MT) and the dorsal portion of the medial superior temporal area (MSTd). We find that subgroups of MSTd neurons encoding a particular global pattern of real complex-flow motion (rotation, expansion, contraction) also represent illusory motion patterns of the same class. They require an extra 15 ms to reliably discriminate the illusion. In contrast, MT neurons encode both real and illusory local motions with similar temporal delays. These findings reveal that illusory complex-flow motion is first represented in MSTd by the same neurons that normally encode real complex-flow motion. However, the extraction of global illusory motion in MSTd from other classes of real complex-flow motion requires extra processing time. Our study illustrates a cascaded integration mechanism from MT to MSTd underlying the transformation from external physical to internal nonveridical flow-motion perception.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe neural basis of the transformation from objective reality to illusory percepts of rotation, expansion, and contraction remains unknown. We demonstrate psychophysically that macaques perceive these illusory complex-flow motions in a manner similar to that of human observers. At the neural level, we show that medial superior temporal (MSTd) neurons represent illusory flow motions as if they were real by globally integrating middle temporal area (MT) local motion signals. Furthermore, while MT neurons reliably encode real and illusory local motions with similar temporal delays, MSTd neurons take a significantly longer time to process the signals associated with illusory percepts. Our work extends previous complex-flow motion studies by providing the first detailed analysis of the neuron-specific mechanisms underlying complex forms of illusory motion integration from MT to MSTd.
Efectividad del sorenafid en el carcinoma hepatocelular avanzado.
Authors: Ramos Esquivel Allan
Published: February 2019

El carcinoma hepatocelular constituye en Costa Rica la quinta causa de muerte por cáncer para ambos sexos a pesar de su baja incidencia. Para pacientes con estadios avanzados de esta neoplasia se recomienda el medicamento denominado sorafenib, que actúa como un inhibidor de quinasas de tirosina. El propósito de este estudio es determinar la efectividad clínica del sorafenib en la práctica clínica usual de los pacientes costarricenses con hepatocarcinoma y comparar tales resultados con los reportados en la literatura científica. Se realizó una revisión retrospectiva de 40 sujetos que se consideraron candidatos para tal tratamiento y se determinó el tiempo de supervivencia global como variable primaria mediante el método de Kaplan-Meier. La mediana de supervivencia fue de 12.0 meses (Intervalo de Confianza del 95 %: 7.2 – 16.8 meses) para los sujetos que recibieron sorafenib. La tasa de supervivencia al año alcanzó un 47.7 %. Se concluye que el medicamento sorafenib genera efectos positivos en la supervivencia global similares a los reportados en la literatura científica para pacientes con hepatocarcinoma avanzado.
Importancia de la gestión Core Data Sheet (CDS) como instrumento para la actualización periódica de la monografía e inserto de productos farmacéuticos para uso humano
Authors: Ávila Cásares Carolina , Ramírez Telles Mariana , Vargas Pacheco Karol
Published: February 2019

La región de Centroamérica y el Caribe cuenta con regulaciones para el registro de productos farmacéuticos para uso humano en los diferentes países y estas contemplan una serie de directrices relacionadas con el etiquetado. El objetivo de esta revisión es exponer la importancia de la gestión del Core Data Sheet (CDS) como instrumento para el desarrollo y la actualización de monografías e insertos de medicamentos innovadores para uso humano y su rol en el contexto de la región. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en diversas bases de datos con términos en inglés y español. Además, se consultaron guías internacionales de autoridades reguladoras estrictas, así como de la regulación local de los países de la región en relación con las monografías e insertos de medicamentos. De acuerdo con lo encontrado, el Core Data Sheet (CDS) constituye una fuente de información valiosa sobre seguridad y eficacia de medicamentos. Su implementación permite el desarrollo y la actualización de monografías e insertos de medicamentos innovadores de forma continua en la región de Centroamérica y Caribe.
The Role of Work Motivation in Mediating the Effect of Servant Leadership on Employee Performance at Legian Beach Hotel, Kuta Bali
Authors: Kristina Dewi Ni Wayan , Riana I Gede
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of work motivation in mediating the influence of servant leadership on employee performance at the Legian Beach Hotel, Kuta Bali. Determination of the sample in this study using a census, which is if all members of the population as many as 65 people were used as samples. Data analysis using smartPLS software version 3.2.7. The result is that the implementation of servant leadership has a positive and significant effect on work motivation; servant leadership does not affect employee performance; work motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance; servant leadership is able to mediate the effect of servant leadership on employee performance at the Legian Beach Hotel, Kuta Bali.
Review of the Housing Policies and Programmes in Nigeria
Authors: Bello Aminu
Published: February 2019

Problem of inadequate housing faced by poor people around the world has been a matter of concern to governments in various countries especially in the developing world whereby significant portion of the population is mostly   characterized by poverty.  In such countries, the housing problem is not only that of quantity but also of the poor quality of available housing units. Private sector development in the Nigerian housing sector has been a standstill for more than a decade. With few exceptions, the private sector transactions that have taken place have been informal and on the fringe of legality. At the opposite of the spectrum, public sector activity is plagued with many problems. Instead of operating as a social policy, it operates more like a regressive lottery or patronage system. The results have been the simultaneous construction of some of the most luxurious subsidized housing in Africa, and general deterioration in housing conditions of most Nigerians, particularly the housing conditions of the poor. The recorded history of formal intervention into the housing sector in Nigeria dated back to the colonial administration, after the unfortunate outbreak of the bubonic plaque of 1928 in Lagos. This necessitated the establishment of the Lagos Executive Development Board (LEDB). This signifies the ushering of Nigerian public housing programmes intervention; which was during colonial era. The policies are modest with the ultimate aim of addressing the housing problem at a National scale. The policy focus then, was on the provision of expatriate quarters and some selected indigenous staff in Rail ways, Marine, Police and Armed forces. The construction of senior civil servant quarters in the capital city of Lagos and regional headquarters like Kaduna, Ibadan and Enugu are some of the practical efforts made at the same time some form of rent subsidy and housing loans.
Options for reducing oxidative toxicity of L-dopa by combination with synthetic or natural radical protectors
Authors: Nikolova G.
Published: February 2019

Parkinson disease (PD) is a multifactorial disease that is not well-established. It takes a leading place among contemporary frequent diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). The levodopa (L-dopa) clinical effect is diminished by motor complications resulting from prolonged treatment. Due to the L-dopa neurotoxic effect in the disease treatment, the L-dopa administration is delayed as long as possible in order to avoid side effects. In addition, combining L-dopa therapy with antioxidants (from natural or synthetic origin), may decrease side-effects and provide symptomatic relief. The aim of the current research is through experimental model of healthy mice to explore the possibility to reduce the oxidative stress (OS) induced by the L-dopa drug after its combining with: an essential oil isolated from Rosa damascena Mill., the vitamin C and synthetic antioxidant 1-ethyl-3- [4- (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl)] - 1-nitrosourea SLENU. The antioxidants protective effects against the L-dopa oxidative toxicity were evaluated through the oxidative stress indicators - the lipid and protein oxidation end products – measured as MDA, protein carbonyl content, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in blood plasma of experimental mice.
Possible connection between the nasal cycle and consciousness
Authors: Atanasov A.
Published: February 2019

It is shown that there is a connection between the dynamics of the nasal cycle and the consciousness states of the brain. Accordingly to hypothesis, the switch of dominated airflow between left and right nostrils in time becomes only in consciousness states of the brain (in awake state, in REM dream and in dream of stages 1-2 of the non-REM sleep). This finding gives possibility to use nasal cycle as ‘marker’ for consciousness.
Video-assisted thoracoscopic diagnosis of trapped lung in malignant pleural effusions
Authors: Bonev P. , Novakov Iv. , Dimitrov I. , Vazheva M. , Uchikov A.
Published: February 2019

PURPOSE. The aim of this study is to present the role of video-assisted thoracoscopy to assess the ability of the lung to expand in malignant pleural effusions. METHODS. The survey was conducted for a 3-year period in 13 patients with histologically diagnosed malignant pleural effusion and trapped lung. In each of the patients video-assisted thoracoscopy was performed. RESULTS. Two reasons for trapped lung were identified. In 10 of the patients it was due to multiple metastatic nodules. In 3 cases the cause was a diffuse fibrotic involvement of the lung resulting from the metastatic process.CONCLUSIONS. Our research confirmed two causes of trapped lung in malignant pleural effusions: multiple metastases on the lung surface and diffuse lung fibrosis, induced by the metastatic process, with the increased role of multiple metastases on the lung surface
Suitability of òhe modality virtual bronchoscopy with aspiration of a foreign body
Authors: Mitev M.A. , Valkanov S. , Ribarova V. , Parvanova B.
Published: February 2019

Aspirations of foreign bodies are life-threatening among children and elderly patients requiring urgent medical assistance. The aim of the study is to present summarized results from various authors' studies to reveal VB's diagnostic abilities for suspected aspiration of a foreign body. VB has been shown to be a particularly useful non-invasive modality for the complex tracheobronchial tree assessment for suspected aspiration of a foreign body due to its high sensitivity, specificity and validity. MDCT VB with MPR allows accurate localization of the foreign body, but in secondary inflammatory changes and secretions it does not provide accurate information about the form and type of the finding. VB cannot replace FB ("gold standard") but successfully supports and complements it. MDCT could provide early diagnosis in cases of suspected aspiration of a foreign body in children and adults and avoid real bronchoscopy in patients with poor overall condition.
Post-liquefaction pore pressure dissipation in sand under cyclic stress triaxial testing
Authors: Du Saizhao , Chian Siau Chen , Qin Changbing
Published: February 2019

Soil liquefaction has conventionally been studied as a pure undrained condition subject to cyclic shearing in the laboratory. However, in the field, ground settlement and expulsion of pore water in the form of sand boils are frequently observed, which conventional triaxial and simple shear apparatus are unable to replicate. In this study, a novel insight of coupled pore pressure generation and dissipation in liquefiable clean sand is discussed with the use of a modified cyclic triaxial testing set-up. Stress-controlled cyclic triaxial tests with controlled pore water drainage far lower than the soil's permeability were carried out to investigate ‘near-perfect undrained’ conditions, which are more representative of field conditions. Comparison of results from three sets of stress-controlled cyclic triaxial testing were carried out: (a) conventional shearing under an undrained condition; (b) shearing under controlled drainage; and (c) undrained shearing until liquefaction, and thereafter continual shearing under controlled drainage. The critical cyclic shear stress ratio where excess pore pressure dissipation dominates excess pore pressure generation is identified from the coupled cyclic shear loading and pore water drainage tests. In addition, this study also noted a critical void ratio where the soil is no longer susceptible to liquefaction even under considerable shearing amplitudes. These findings may offer guidance on the tolerable cyclic shear stress and minimum degree of densification to avoid occurrence of soil liquefaction in the field.
Ağrı Kliniğine Başvuran Kronik Ağrılı Hastaların Geriye Dönük Değerlendirilmesi: İki Yıllık Deneyimlerimiz
Authors: ARICI Tülin , KILIÇ Ertuğrul
Published: February 2019

Giriş ve Amaç:Bu çalışmadaki amacımız, hastanemizde ilk defa açılan ağrı polikliniğine ilk 2 yılda ağrı şikayeti ile başvuran hastaların ağrı tipleri, demografik özellikleri ile tedavilerini geriye dönük olarak değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamızda ocak 2016-aralık 2017 tarihleri arasındaXXXX eğitim ve Araştırma hastanesi ağrı polikliniğine kronik ağrı şikayeti ile başvuran hastaların dosyaları incelendi. Hastaların ağrı tipleri, demografik özellikleri ve uygulanan tedaviler geriye dönük olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: İki yıllık sürede polikliniğimize 6545 kronik ağrılıhasta başvurduğu görüldü.Hastaların 4199’u kadın (%64.15), 2346’sı erkek (%35.85) olarak tespit edildi. En sık kanser dışı ağrı nedenleri (KDA); bel ağrısı, myofasial ağrıvenöropatik ağrı idi. Kanser ağrısı (KA) nedeni ile başvuran hasta sayısı 358 (%5.46) olup en sık nedenler gastrointestinal sistem kaynaklı kanser, akciğer kanseri ve meme kanseri idi. Hastaların tamamına medikal tedavi ve 728 (%11.12) hastaya ek olarak girişimsel ağrı tedavisi uygulandığı tespit edildi.En sık yapılan girişimsel ağrı tedavi yöntemleri; tetik nokta enjeksiyonu, faset sinir radyofrekans termokoagülasyon uygulaması, epidural steroid uygulamaları ve dorsal kök ganglion radyofrekans uygulaması olarak saptandı.  Sonuç: Ağrı klinikleri ve başvuran hasta sayısı devamlı olarak artmaktadır. Hastanemizde 2 yıl önce kurulan ve yüksek nüfus bölgelerine hitap eden merkezimizin bu sonuçlarının kronik ağrı çalışmaları için önemli bir veri kaynağı olacağını düşünmekteyiz.
Penelitian dan Pengembangan Material Struktur Reaktor Maju
Authors: Aziz Ferhat
Published: February 2019

PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN MATERIAL STRUKTUR REAKTOR MAJU. Pengoperasian suatu pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir secara selamat dan ekonomis sangat tergantung kepada ketersediaan material struktur yang handal. Selama umur operasi reaktor yang dewasa ini mencapai 60 tahun, material struktur terpapar temperatur yang tinggi, lingkungan korosif dan medan radiasi kuat yang terjadi akibat proses fisi. Struktur penopang bahan bakar akan memiliki umur lebih singkat dalam lingkungan demikian. Sementara itu tuntutan dalam pengembangan reaktor maju masa depan adalah temperatur operasi dan burnup yang lebih tinggi untuk meningkatkan efisiensi operasi reaktor. Material yang mampu mengatasi kondisi itu harus stabil secara dimensional dalam medan radiasi, baik dengan maupun tanpa adanya stress, serta memiliki sifat yang baik di lingkungan yang korosif. Makalah ini menelaah secara singkat litbang material struktur reaktor yang potensial digunakan dalam sistem reaktor maju, seperti baja  ferritic/martensitic, baja ODS, dan keramik, termasuk sintesis baja ODS yang dikembangkan di BATAN. Selain itu dikaji pula kerusakan radiasi pada material struktur serta sintesis dan simulasi kinerja perisai radiasi menggunakan paket program MCNP5. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa walaupun hasil yang ada sudah cukup baik, masih diperlukan litbang lebih lanjut guna mendapatkan material yang memenuhi kriteria yang diinginkan, baik melalui eksperimen maupun secara simulasi dan pemodelan dengan komputer.
The Implementation of Importance Measure Approaches for Criticality Analysis in Fault Tree Analysis: A Review
Authors: Purba Julwan Hendry , Deswandri Deswandri
Published: February 2019

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF IMPORTANCE MEASURE APPROACHES FOR CRITICALITY ANALYSIS IN FAULT TREE ANALYSIS: A REVIEW.Fault tree analysis (FTA) has been widely applied in nuclear power plant (NPP) probabilistic safety assessment to evaluate the reliability of a safety system. In FTA, criticality analysis is performed to identify the weakest paths in the system designs and components. For this purpose, an importance measure approach can be applied. Risk managers can apply information obtained from this analysis to improve safety by implementing risk reduction measure into the new design or build a more innovative design. Various importance measure approaches have been developed and proposed for criticality analysis in FTA. Each important measure approach offers specific purposes and advantages but has limitations. Therefore, it is necessary to understand characteristics of each approach in order to select the most appropriate approach to reach the purpose of the study. The objective of this study is to review the current implementations of importance measure approaches to rank individual basic events and/or minimal cut sets regarding their contributions to the unreliability or unavailability of NPP safety systems. This study classified importance measure approaches into two groups, i.e. probability–based importance measure approaches and fuzzy–based importance measure approaches. This study concluded that clear understanding of the purpose of the study, the type of reliability data at hands, and the uncertainty in the calculation need to be considered prior to the selection of the appropriate importance measure approach to the study of interest.
Strategi Pemeliharaan Komponen pada Sistem Pendingin RSG-GAS Berdasarkan Estimasi Interval Waktu Perawatan
Authors: Hartini Entin
Published: February 2019

STRATEGI PEMELIHARAAN KOMPONEN PADA SISTEM PENDINGIN RSG-GAS BERDASARKAN ESTIMASI INTERVAL WAKTU PERAWATAN. Proses penuaan akan menyebabkan penurunan keandalan dan kinerja reaktor, oleh karena itu diperlukan pemeliharaan sistem/komponen reaktor yang optimal. Pemeliharaan korektif terhadap sistem/komponen berdampak pada frekuensi kerusakan dan biaya perawatan yang tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan proses pendekatan manajemen keandalan dengan melakukan perencanaan interval pemeliharaan. Skenario pemeliharaan dapat dilakukan berdasarkan penggantian komponen sesuai dengan mean time to failure (MTTF) dan ketika keandalan komponen memenuhi presentase yang ditargetkan. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah uji distribusi data dan estimasi parameter untuk menetukan interval waktu perawatan dan keandalan komponen. Data yang dievaluasi adalah data perawatan komponen dari sistem pendingin RSG-GAS teras 81 sampai 94 tahun 2013-2017. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa untuk meminimalkan jumlah downtime berdasarkan interval waktu perawatan dan nilai keandalan komponen, maka strategi perawatan yang dapat dilakukan adalah untuk komponen Pompa Primer (JE-01 (AP01-02)) interval perawatan 245,27 hari dengan peluang keandalan komponen (R(t)) = 35,2%. Untuk komponen Instrumentasi Pengukuran Aktivitas γ (PA01-02/CR001) interval perawatan 203,57 hari dengan peluang keandalan komponen (R(t)) = 51,1%. Sedangkan jika diinginkan keandalan komponen sebesar 60% maka dapat dilakukan interval waktu perawatan 144,23 hari untuk komponen JE-01 (AP01-02) dan 160,35 hari untuk komponen PA01-02/CR001.Kata kunci: keandalan, perawatan, sistem pendingin, RSG-GAS
OVERNIGHT COST ESTIMATION OFINDONESIA’S COGENERATION POWER PLANT FOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
Authors: Setya Budi Rizki Firmansyah , Rijanti Arum Puni , Lumbanraja Sahala M. , Amitayani Elok S. , Birmano Moch. Djoko , Liun Edwaren
Published: February 2019

Indonesia’s cogeneration power plant for industrial processes (PeLUIt) is needed to be implemented in Indonesia. Economic analysis is an important factor for PeLUIt implementation. One of the data that needs in the analysis is overnight cost. This research estimates HTGR’s overnight cost by using scaling law.By using the estimated value, it can be calculated the PeLUIt overnight cost. The research’s purpose is to obtain an estimation of overnight costs of PeLUIt. The estimation result shows the overnight cost of PeLUIt. PeLUIt 10 MWth has an overnight cost 166,26 million USD. PeLUIt 30 MWth has an overnight cost 233,49 million USD. PeLUIt 50 MWth has an overnight cost 281,31 million USD. PeLUIt 100 MWth has an overnight cost 371,86 million USD. PeLUIt 350 MWth has an overnight cost 657,16 million USD.Keywords: PeLUIt; Estimation; High temperature gas-cooled reactor; Overnight cost; Scaling law
In vivo patch recordings (whole-cell or juxta-cellular) from task-performing head-fixed mice v1
Authors: Yu Jianing , Svoboda Karel
Published: February 2019

In vivo recordings with glass patch electrodes (whole-cell or juxtacellular) from the barrel cortex of head-fixed mice performing a whisker-dependent task. This includes ChR2-guided recordings.
Antidepressant for Symptoms Remission of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Network Meta-Analysis (protocol) v2
Authors: Si Xiaobei , Huo Linyu , Wang Shuai , Lan Yu , Zhang Shuo , Zhang Xumin
Published: February 2019

Objective To evaluate and compare symptoms remission of antidepressants for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Methods We plan to includ randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated efficacy of antidepressants for GERD by searching the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), Chinese VIP Information (VIP), Chinese Medical Databases (CMB) and Wan-Fang databases from the starting date of database establishment till January 1st, 2019. Database will be searched with the search terms of "gastroesophageal reflux disease", "antidepressant", etc. ADDIS 1.16.8 will be adopted for network meta-analysis. We will complement node split analysis to test inconsistency. Rank probability will also be complemented for comparison among antidepressants. Conclusion Our network analysis may further evaluate and .compare symptoms remission of antidepressants for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which is considered to be more conducive to clinical treatment of GERD.
food restriction for behavioral training v1
Authors: Yu Jianing , Svoboda Karel
Published: February 2019

This protocol described using food restriction to motivate mice to participate in behavioral tasks. Infant formula is used as the reward during behavioral training.
Protocol for microCT inspection of Gallium particle accelerator targets v1
Authors: Tshibalanganda Muofhe , Du Plessis Anton , le Roux Stephan , Pakpa Paul
Published: February 2019

This protocol described the steps used to inspect the Gallium targets used in particle accelerators. These targets are metal disks filled with Gallium, and laser welded on the edges. Various production quality issues may be present - the microCT process needs to be a standard, routine methodology for direct comparison among all such data sets. This protocol sets out the exact steps used for this analysis type.
Big Data trifft Produktion
Authors: Trunzer Emanuel , Weiß Iris , Pötter Thorsten , Vermum Christian , Odenweller Matthias , Unland Stefan , Schütz Daniel , Vogel-Heuser Birgit
Published: February 2019

Durch die zunehmende Digitalisierung von Maschinen werden in der Produktion immer größere Mengen an Daten aufgezeichnet. Um diese Daten sinnvoll nutzen zu können, bieten sich datengetriebene Verfahren an, die aber durch die spezifischen Randbedingungen in der Produktion oft scheitern. Hier liegt die Lösung in derKombination datengetriebener Verfahren mit vorhandenem Expertenwissen. Dieser Artikel beschreibt die Voraussetzungen für eine erfolgreiche Datenanalyse im Produktionsumfeld und einen industriellen Datenanalyseprozess am Beispiel des SIDAP-Projekts.
“MEASURES ARE TAKEN TO RETURN TO THE HOMELAND”: BORYS DOTSENKO CASE OF 1967
Authors: Siromskyi R.
Published: February 2019

In the article, based on unpublished archival materials and printed sources, an episode with defection in 1967 with an internship in Edmonton by a senior researcher at the Laboratory of Nuclear Physics at the Kyiv Taras Shevchenko University Borys Dotsenko is covered. At the end of his stay at the University of Alberta, unexpectedly, trainee asked for political asylum in Canada. The scientist explained his step by reason of both political and professional nature. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the USSR succeeded in a series of measures designed to return the “nonreturnees” (“nevozvrashchenets”), including pressure on Canadian authorities. The rector of the University of Kyiv sent a telegram to the president of the University of Alberta on “provocative actions” concerning their trainee. After unsuccessful attempts by the staff of the Soviet Embassy in Ottawa to persuade the physicist to return to Kyiv, the KGB resorted to the use of a “family factor” (touching letters from his wife and mother). Despite appeals from the official Moscow to return B. Dotsenko, the Canadian government referred to the human right to choose a residence and extended the visa. To somehow explain the fact of non-return of the scientist, a widely accepted method of total compromise was used. In general, the flight of B. Dotsenko caused the Soviet system of image losses and led to the cessation of the practice of exchanging scholarship between the University of Alberta and Kyiv.
Comparative analysis of clinical, radiological and operative findings in acute abdomen
Authors: Ali Mir Zeeshan , Maddu Vamsee Krishna
Published: February 2019

Background: The term acute abdomen refers to signs and symptoms of abdominal pain and tenderness that often requires emergency surgical therapy. The objective of the present study is to compare pre-operative diagnosis based on clinical examination with the operative diagnosis in acute abdomen.Methods: Total 60 cases of acute abdomen who underwent laparotomy in a tertiary care hospital   were analysed prospectively regarding clinical features and also assessed the diagnostic utility of radiological investigations like plain abdominal radiographs, ultrasonography and computed tomography.Results: Acute abdomen was most common in males and 2nd to 5th decade of life. Appendicitis was most common cause of acute abdomen followed by hollow viscus perforation and intestinal obstruction. Abdominal pain was the most common symptom. Tenderness was the most common sign. Diagnostic utility of x-ray is more in hollow viscus perforation and intestinal obstruction, whereas ultrasonography is diagnostic in 64.3%. Ultrasonography accurately diagnosed acute appendicitis in 74.2%, hollow viscus perforation in 50%, and intestinal obstruction in 60% of patients. 95% clinical accuracy was found when compared to intra operative diagnosis. Kappa is 0.912 (p<0.0001).Conclusions: Clinical judgement is key to diagnosis of acute abdomen and investigations are only supplementary and cannot replace the clinical decision.
Comparison of RIPASA and Alvarado score in diagnosing acute appendicitis
Authors: Kagwad Suraj S. , Karuppasamy P.
Published: February 2019

Background: Acute appendicitis is a common cause of abdominal pain and can be difficult to diagnose, especially during its early stages.  The diagnosis of acute appendicitis is based on clinical history, examination combined with investigations. The purpose of this study is to compare between the RIPASA score and Alvarado score in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. The aim of the present study was to compare the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of Alvarado and RIPASA score.Methods: The cases for the study will be sourced from cases admitted in SVMCH and RC, Puducherry during the period of November 2016 to June 2018.Results: Out of the 144 patients in our study 133 patients were diagnosed with acute appendicitis as per HPE report.As per our study, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of RIPASA and Alvarado scoring system is 96.2%, 57.1%, 97.7% and 44.4%; 81.9%,85.7%, 95.1% and 20%  respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of RIPASA score is 94.3 as compared to 82.1 of Alvarado score.Conclusions: The RIPASA scoring system is a promising and has good sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy when compared to Alvarado scoring for Asian Population.RIPASA scoring system is an easy and reliable, cost effective diagnostic tool which reduce negative appendicectomy rates and the expensive radiological investigations for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.
Vitamin D deficiency: how prevalent it is?
Authors: Pallewad Irwant V. , Upadhye Jayshree J.
Published: February 2019

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is frequently seen nowadays due to inadequate exposure to sun and pollution. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients presenting with suggestive complaints.

Methods: The present study is a retrospective study done at Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mukka, Suratkal, Mangaluru. Patients who have musculoskeletal or other problem suggestive of vitamin D deficiency were advised vitamin D levels. We went through OPD papers of only those patients with reports of Vitamin D levels.

Results: In present study, out of 100 patients, 42 (42%) patients had normal BMI, 23 (23%) patients were overweight, 24 (24%) patients were obese while 11 (11%) patients were underweight. 46 (46%) patients were having walk for exercise purpose, 21 (21%) were doing work out at gym while 33 (33%) patients were walking only for doing some work. 47 (47%) patients had normal levels of vitamin D, 31 (31%) had insufficient levels while 22 (22%) patients had deficient levels of vitamin D. So, prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 22% and for vitamin D insufficiency was 31%.

Conclusions: In present study, we conclude that irrespective of normal body mass index or physical activity, patients presented with various complaints. In them, vitamin D levels were either insufficient or deficient in large number of patients. So, vitamin D levels should be done as screening or at least when patients present with suggestive complaint. 
Association of diabetes and hypertension with elderly skin changes
Authors: Paliwal Gaurav , Koti Venkatarao , Dutt Shobhit
Published: February 2019

Background: The skin is the largest organ of the human body that fulfils multiple essential tasks. It forms the boundary between the inside and outside. It provides protection against mechanical and chemical threats, it provides innate and adaptive immune defences, it enables thermoregulation and vitamin D production, and it acts as the sensory organ of touch. Aging population is susceptible to many cutaneous and systemic diseases, simultaneously leading to impairment of quality of life in them.

Methods: A cross sectional study was carried on patients above 60 years of age who visited the dermatology OPD at rural tertiary care centre from November 2016 to May 2017.

Results: Total 540 geriatric patients with dermatosis were registered under the study, of these 203 patients had one or more systemic diseases. Hypertension (70.9%) was the commonest disease, followed by diabetes (32.5%).

Conclusions: Skin diseases cause considerable morbidity in elderly, particularly if associated with other comorbid conditions, so health promotion and education can do much to reduce the risk.

 
Islam dan perubahan sosial: Gerakan sedeqah lima ratus rupiah dan perubahan sosial di kabupaten Sukabumi
Authors: Jaelani Iji , Nurdin Ahmad Ali
Published: February 2019

Dalam kajian agama-agama, konsep sedekah merupakan bagian inti yang tidak bisa dilepaskan, khususnya berkaitan dengan transformasi agama sebagai perubahan sosial.Konsep demikian bisa dilihat pada gerakan sedekah lima ratus rupiah di kabupaten Sukabumi.  Gerakan ini dimulai pada tahun 2000 melibatkan banyak pihak meliputi lembaga agama, dan masyarakat luas. digunakan untuk melakukan perubahan sosial, bahkan turut menginisiasi lahirnya kebijakan publik mengenai zakat, infak, dan shodaqoh di Kabupaten Sukabumi. Metode yang digunakan untuk melakukan penelitian ini ialah teori pengalaman keagamaan (pemikiran, tindakan, dan persekutuan) dan teori hegemoni. Dari penelitian tersebut, penulis menganalisis gerakan sedekah lima ratus merupakan bentuk ekspresi pengalaman keagamaan yang diinspirasi dari pemikiran keagamaan nahdlatul (fiqrah nahdliyah dan harakah nahdliyah) dan memiliki dampak sosial yang besar pada perubahan masyarakat..Secara politik, gerakan sedekah lima ratus rupiah ini menggunakan strategi hegemoni, yakni kepemimpinan intelektual dan kepemimpinan moral dari Abdul Basith sebagai pendiri kepada relawan dan pemerintah untuk melancarkan kegiatannya hingga lahirnya lahirnya perubahan social di bidang registrasi peraturn daerah tentang pengelolaan zakat, infaq, dan shodaqoh.
Paradigma baru fiqih perdagangan bebas: Dialektika ulum al-din dan hukum negara
Authors: Bashori Akmal
Published: February 2019

The people of the world (Muslim) enter a new era where between free countries do trade relations without any customs duties, this is called free trade. Everything is governed by market players who have strong capital, rooted in the concept of capitalism. Although Islam advocates seeking as much treasure as you live forever, however, Islam does care about each other. With the advent of free trade, what should the Indonesian state do? Do you have to sacrifice the withdrawal of customs levy which has been the country's income? How does Islam see this? What is the concept that offer fiqih about free trade? The key problem must be between the science of religion with the state so that the policies taken by the state bring maslahat to millions of Indonesian people.
Developing BMT as a loss-profit sharing-based microfinance: an Indonesian experience
Authors: Mubarrak Husni
Published: February 2019

This article would like to discuss an Indonesian experience in developing Baitul Mal wat Tamwil (BMT) since 1990’s as an alternative microfinance which based on loss and profit sharing schema that realized a more just economic system. This research is conducted by both bibliographical overviews and empirical investigations. This paper would like to elaborate more on how BMT developed and maintained its capacity and efforts, in providing a more just alternative model instead of interest system which had shown negative spread and pseudo economic growth. This, however, requires emphasizing the main differences between both systems (sharing and interest). It also discusses on how BMT upgraded competitively various attractive products which based on loss and profit sharing. The establishment of BMT in Indonesia could not be separated from the emergence of “creative minority” and “enlightened group” in some campuses in Indonesia to build BMT since 1984, which later followed and developed by Indonesian Muslim Intellectual Association (Ikatan Cendekiawan Muslim Indonesia/ ICMI) since 1991. The research findings showed that the schema which is used by BMT on loss and profit sharing is a real practical effort which then has successfully developed, massively contributed and largely triggered Indonesian economic in the real sector, especially for the small and medium economic scale enterprises (SMES) in order to poverty alleviation. It also reflected as an experiment of early steps in recognizing Islamic economy in Indonesia. BMT also still could survive, even when a huge economic crisis struck Indonesia particularly and South East Asia generally in 1997.