bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Randomized clinical trial of abluminus DES+ sirolimus‐eluting stent versus everolimus‐eluting DES for percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with diabetes mellitus: An optical coherence tomography study
Authors: Maurina Matteo , Chiarito Mauro , Leone Pier Pasquale , Testa Luca , Montorfano Matteo , Reimers Bernhard , Esposito Giovanni , Monti Francesco , Ferrario Maurizio , Latib Azeem , Colombo Antonio
Published: October 2023

Background

Diabetic patients are at higher risk of recurrent adverse events following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) than the nondiabetics. Despite the introduction of new generation drug‐eluting stents, their efficacy in the diabetics is still limited.

Aims

To evaluate the efficacy of the Abluminus DES+ biodegradable polymer sirolimus‐eluting stent in reducing neointimal hyperplasia in diabetic patients, compared to a durable polymer everolimus‐eluting stent (DP‐EES).

Methods

A total of 131 patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease were enrolled in six Italian centers and randomized in a 2:1 fashion to PCI with Abluminus DES+ or DP‐EES: 85 were assigned to Abluminus DES+ and 46 to DP‐EES. The primary endpoint was optimal coherence tomography (OCT)‐derived neointimal volume at 9–12 months. Secondary endpoints included OCT‐derived neointimal area, neointimal volume obstruction and adverse clinical events.

Results

The primary endpoint, neointimal volume, did not differ between Abluminus DES+ and DP‐EES (29.11 ± 18.90 mm3 vs. 25.48 ± 17.04 mm3, p = 0.40) at 9–12‐month follow‐up. This finding remained consistent after weighing for the sum of stents lengths (1.14 ± 0.68 mm3 vs. 0.99 ± 0.74 mm3 for Abluminus DES+ and DP‐EES, respectively, p = 0.38). Similarly, other OCT‐derived and clinical secondary endpoints did not significantly differ between the two groups. Rate of target lesion failure was high in both groups (21.2% for Abluminus DES+ and 19.6% for DP‐EES).

Conclusions

This preliminary study failed to demonstrate the superiority of the Abluminus DES+ over the DP‐EES in diabetic patients in terms of neointimal proliferation.
Transseptal puncture in left atrial appendage closure guided by 3D printing and multiplanar CT reconstruction
Authors: Hozman Marek , Herman Dalibor , Zemanek David , Fiser Ondrej , Vrba David , Poloczek Martin , Varvarovsky Ivo , Obona Peter , Pokorny Tomas , Osmancik Pavel
Published: October 2023

Background

The presented study investigates the application of bi‐arterial 3D printed models to guide transseptal puncture (TSP) in left atrial appendage closure (LAAC).

Aims

The objectives are to (1) test the feasibility of 3D printing (3DP) for TSP guidance, (2) analyse the distribution of the optimal TSP locations, and (3) define a CT‐derived 2D parameter suitable for predicting the optimal TSP locations.

Methods

Preprocedural planning included multiplanar CT reconstruction, 3D segmentation, and 3DP. TSP was preprocedurally simulated in vitro at six defined sites. Based on the position of the sheath, TSP sites were classified as optimal, suboptimal, or nonoptimal. The aim was to target the TSP in the recommended position during the procedure. Procedure progress was assessed post hoc by the operator.

Results

Of 68 screened patients, 60 patients in five centers (mean age of 74.68 ± 7.64 years, 71.66% males) were prospectively analyzed (3DP failed in one case, and seven patients did not finally undergo the procedure). In 55 patients (91.66%), TSP was performed in the optimal location as recommended by the 3DP. The optimal locations for TSP were postero‐inferior in 45.3%, mid‐inferior in 45.3%, and antero‐inferior in 37.7%, with a mean number of optimal segments of 1.34 ± 0.51 per patient. When the optimal TSP location was achieved, the procedure was considered difficult in only two (3.6%) patients (but in both due to complicated LAA anatomy). Comparing anterior versus posterior TSP in 2D CCT, two parameters differed significantly: (1) the angle supplementary to the LAA ostium and the interatrial septum angle (160.83° ± 9.42° vs. 146.49° ± 8.67°;p = 0.001), and (2) the angle between the LAA ostium and the mitral annulus (95.02° ± 3.73° vs. 107.38° ± 6.76°;p < 0.001), both in the sagittal plane.

Conclusions

In vitro TSP simulation accurately determined the optimal TSP locations for LAAC and facilitated the procedure. More than one‐third of the optimal TSP sites were anterior.
A novel method of prosthetic leaflet modification to enable transcatheter mitral valve‐in‐valve replacement
Authors: Spilias Nikolaos , Miyasaka Rhonda , Kapadia Samir R. , Krishnaswamy Amar
Published: October 2023

Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction from the displaced prosthetic anterior mitral leaflet is a life‐threatening complication that can occur during valve‐in‐valve (ViV) transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR). Laceration of the anterior mitral leaflet to prevent outflow obstruction is a well‐established transcatheter technique to mitigate the risk of LVOT obstruction in high‐risk anatomies. In this report, we present a novel transseptal technique of prosthetic leaflet modification to prevent LVOT obstruction during ViV TMVR.
Transapical concomitant transseptal transcatheter closure of a giant mitral paravalvular leak under three‐dimensional printing guidance
Authors: Jin Ping , Wang Yiwei , Liu Yang , Yang Jian
Published: October 2023

A mitral paravalvular leak (PVL) is a significant complication of surgical valve replacement that has a profound impact on the health and survival of patients. Transcatheter closure of PVL has emerged as a promising treatment option. We present the case of a 65‐year‐old patient who experienced exertional dyspnea, chest tightness, and peripheral edema (New York Heart Association functional class Ⅵ) following surgical aortic and mitral valve replacement. Echocardiography and computed tomography performed on admission revealed a giant mitral PVL (1 bundle, volume 25.0 mL, area 13.0 cm²). Due to the patient's high surgical risk and complex anatomical characteristics, a patient‐specific three‐dimensional printed model was utilized to visualize anatomical structures and simulate the main procedures. After careful consideration, the surgical team opted to perform transcatheter closure of the giant mitral PVL via a transapical concomitant transseptal approach using two carefully selected devices of different sizes (14‐mm and 16‐mm Amplatzer Vascular Plug II). The procedure was carried out successfully. During the 1‐month follow‐up, the patient remained asymptomatic (New York Heart Association functional class Ⅰ). Transcatheter closure of a giant and complex mitral PVL utilizing three‐dimensional printing guidance has proven to be a feasible approach.
The relation of polymer structure of stent used in patients with acute coronary syndrome revascularized by stent implantation with long‐term cardiovascular events
Authors: Yaylak Barış , Polat Fuat , Onuk Tolga , Akyüz Şükrü , Çalık Ali Nazmi , Çetin Mustafa , Eren Semih , Mollaalioğlu Feyza , Kolak Zeynep , Durak Furkan , Dayı Şennur Ünal
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Drug‐eluting stents (DES) have revolutionized percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) by improving event‐free survival compared to older stent designs. However, early‐generation DES with polymer matrixes have raised concerns regarding late stent thrombosis due to delayed vascular healing. To address these issues, biologically bioabsorbable polymer drug‐eluting stents (BP‐DES) and polymer‐free drug‐eluting stents (PF‐DES) have been developed.

Aim

The aim of the present study is to evaluate and compare the long‐term effects of different stent platforms in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing PCI.

Material and Methods

We conducted a retrospective, observational study involving 1192 ACS patients who underwent urgent PCI. Patients were treated with thin‐ strut DP‐DES, ultra‐thin strut BP‐DES, or thin‐strut PF‐DES. The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction (TVMI), and clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CITLR) at 12 months and 4 years.

Results

The baseline demographics and clinical characteristics of patients in the three stent subgroups were similar. No significant differences were observed in target lesion failure (TLF), cardiac mortality, TVMI, and stent thrombosis (ST) rates among the three subgroups at both 12 months and 4 years. However, beyond the first year, the rate of CITLR was significantly lower in the ultra‐thin strut BP‐DES subgroup compared to thin‐strut DP‐DES, suggesting potential long‐term advantages of ultra‐thin strut BP‐DES. Additionally, both ultra‐thin strut BP‐DES and thin‐strut PF‐DES demonstrated lower ST rates after the first year compared to thin‐strut DP‐DES.

Conclusion

Our study highlights the potential advantages of ultra‐thin strut BP‐DES in reducing CITLR rates in the long term, and both ultra‐thin strut BP‐DES and thin‐strut PF‐DES demonstrate lower rates of ST beyond the first year compared to thin‐strut DP‐DES. However, no significant differences were observed in overall TLF, cardiac mortality and TVMI rates among the three stent subgroups at both 12 months and 4 years.
Hirsutism as the initial presentation of malignant ovarian Leydig cell tumor: A case report
Authors: Arafat Hasan , Khaldy Marah , Abu Munshar Ahmad , Zughayyer Amer
Published: October 2023

Ovarian steroid cell tumors are a rare subtype of sex‐cord stromal cell tumors. Overall, these tumors make <0.1% of all ovarian tumors. These neoplasms can be divided according to the cell of origin into stromal luteomas, Leydig cell tumors, and steroid cell tumors not otherwise specified. These tumors can be benign, malignant, or borderline, with variable presentation. We report a case of 24‐year‐old virgin female who was referred to our hospital after being diagnosed with steroid cell tumor‐not otherwise specified. Prior to her admission, the patient had been treated unsuccessfully with oral contraceptive pills due to male‐pattern facial hair growth, abdominal cramps, and irregular menstrual cycle. Lack of improvement warranted further investigations. Hormonal studies showed an elevated total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and morning fasting cortisol. Ultrasonography and computed tomography confirmed the presence of a large pelvic mass with mixed solid and cystic component. Therefore, unilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy was performed. Pathological and immunohistochemical examination suggested the presence of a large ovarian steroid cell tumor‐not otherwise specified with malignant behavior. The patient did not receive adjuvant therapy and developed metastatic disease. She received four cycles of BEP protocol with no improvement, so she was referred to our center to continue oncological management. Case revision confirmed the presence of steroid cell tumor, but of a different subtype: Leydig cell. She received six cycles of carboplatin‐paclitaxel, but her assessment showed disease progression. We report this case with review of literature regarding the appropriate approach to these rare tumors. Although rare, ovarian steroid cell tumors should be included in the differential diagnosis of virilization in young females, especially those refractory to hormonal therapy. In our study, we aimed to present the first reported Palestinian case, which highlights the importance of detailed morphological examination in addition to the difficulties encountered to reach a proper diagnosis. We also provided a review of the existing literature regarding chemotherapeutic lines used in such cases and the response to each.
Five decades of productivity gains in the Louisiana sugar industry
Authors: Blanchard Brayden A. , Taylor Zachary A. , Pontif Michael J. , Kimbeng Collins A. , Gravois Kenneth A.
Published: October 2023

This study analyzed trends across five decades of productivity data from the Louisiana Sugar Industry, from 1969 to 2021, for sucrose content, cane yield, and sugar yield. Trends over the five decades were revealed using robust regression models, and the least square means allowed for decade‐wise comparisons of trends. Sucrose content increased 45%, from 80.9 ± 6.4 g kg−1 in the first (1969–1979) to 116.7 ± 4.8 g kg−1 in the fifth (2010–2021) decade, at 0.85 ± 0.06 g kg−1 per year. Cane yield increased slower (32.2%), from 57.7 ± 5.9 Mg ha −1 in the first to 76.3 ± 6.3 Mg ha−1 in the fifth decade, at 0.45 ± 0.07 Mg ha−1 per year. Sugar yield increased 93% from the first (4.6 ± Mg ha−1) to the fifth (8.9 ± 0.76 Mg ha−1) decade at 0.1 ± 0.01 Mg ha−1 per year. The gains were neither significant nor consistent when comparing successive decades, incremental rather than rapid, and maintained once achieved. Significant (p < 0.05) gains in all traits occurred only in the third decade (1990–1999) with yearly increases of 1.15 ± 0.30 g kg−1 for sucrose content, 3.00 ± 0.27 Mg ha −1 for cane yield, and 0.35 ± 0.05 Mg ha−1 for sugar yield. Comparisons of trait means between successive decades found both significant (p < 0.05) and nonsignificant (p > 0.05) differences; however, comparisons between noncontiguous decades were all significant (p < 0.05). Variety development accounted for 60% of the progress with sucrose content contributing more (10% more) compared with cane yield. The Louisiana sugar industry has experienced substantial productivity gains in the last five decades thanks to a combination of factors with variety development being the most impactful.
Do sustainability practices contribute to the financial performance of banks? An analysis of banks in Southeast Asia
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Ponce Herenia , Wibowo Sigit Arie
Published: October 2023

In response to the need to deepen research on the impact of corporate ESG (environmental, social, and governance) pillars on the financial performance (FP) of banks, this study analyzes the relationship between ESG and FP in banks from emerging countries in Southeast Asia during the period 2010–2020. Using a sample of 19 banks from five countries with emerging economies, this article examines the level of information on ESG activities that banks report in each of their pillars and these pillars' impact on the FP. The research was conducted through an exploratory study using panel data (Thomson Reuters ESG data), parametric correlations, and regression models. FP is measured by return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and Tobin's Q (TQ), or the prevailing market price for exchanging assets divided by the market price of the goods newly produced. The findings show that ESG has a significant negative effect on all measures of FP (ROA, ROE, and TQ). However, analysis of the relationship of each individual ESG pillar to FP obtains different findings for each. Our study also shows differences in the level of ESG information in each country as a result of their specific economic characteristics. This study has limitations due to the limited ESG, bank, and country data that Thomson Reuters contains on banks in this region of Asia. In future research, more banks and more countries can be added to the analysis, as well as other control variables related to FP.
Enabling Highly‐Reversible Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries via 4‐Hydroxybenzoic Acid Sodium Salt Electrolyte Additive
Authors: Li Mingyan , Yin Junyi , Feng Xiang , Cui Tianyi , Wang Minghui , Sun Weiyu , Wu Hu , Cheng Yonghong , Xu Xin , Ding Shujiang , Wang Jianhua
Published: October 2023

Due to the intrinsic safety and cost effectiveness, aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are considered a promising candidate for future energy storage systems. However, the widespread implementation of AZIBs faces significant obstacles due to various undesirable side reactions, including hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), corrosion, and uncontrolled dendrite growth at the anodes. Here, 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid sodium salt (PHB) is employed in the ZnSO4 electrolyte to enable highly‐reversible zinc anodes. PHB has a greater tendency to bind with the Zn surface, resulting in increased steric effects within the electrolyte. As a result, it hinders the direct interaction between anode and water while facilitating the uniform plating of Zn2+. Zn/Zn batteries with PHB additives realized more than 1600 h stable cycling life under 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2. Moreover, Zn/Cu batteries with PHB additives achieved a reversible plating/stripping process for over 500 cycles with high average CE of 98.6 %. In addition, the assembled Zn/NH4V4O10 batteries with PHB additive yielded 80.5 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 10 A g−1. The inexpensive and effective application of PHB as an electrolyte additive has the potential to significantly enhance the stability and dependability of ZIBs.
A line loss reduction optimization for renewable energy‐based distribution networks using a probabilistic approach
Authors: Jiang Hongzhi , Han Yang , Li Wenhao , Zalhaf Amr S. , Zhou Siyu , Feng Yingjun , Yang Ping
Published: October 2023

The large integration of distributed generation (DG) and electric vehicles (EVs) facilitates daily life and reduces carbon emissions. However, it brings problems such as increased uncertainty and power electronic permeability to the distribution network. In this context, it is important to solve the line loss optimization problem as closely as possible to the real situation. Therefore, this paper solves the line loss optimization problem based on a probabilistic model of three‐phase unbalanced modern power electrical distribution network. Firstly, the paper proposes a frequency domain model of the distribution network and the optimization problem model. Then, to deal with the uncertainty of the system, the point estimation method (PEM) and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) are used. Finally, this paper proposes two optimization schemes considering the power quality when single and multiple DGs are integrated. The simulation results demonstrate that the PEM using the Gram–Charlier series expansion of the fourth‐order statistical moments to estimate the probability density function (PDF) is significantly less time consuming than the traditional MCS method while maintaining accuracy. The comparative analysis reveals that under the optimization scheme with single DG integration, the expected value of system line loss and expected line loss rate are reduced from 283.95 kW to 218.96 kW (22.89% reduction) and from 13.44% to 10.68%, respectively. Under the dual DG integrated optimization scheme, the expected value of line losses and expected line loss rate are reduced from 283.95 kW to 208.88 kW (26.4% reduction) and from 13.44% to 10.25%, respectively. However, after taking the uncertainty into account, the operational reliability of the system has been enhanced under different scenarios. In addition, it is found that the optimization approach incorporating multiple DG units can effectively mitigate the system line loss under diverse operational scenarios while enhancing the system's DG integration capability.
Design and evaluation of space‐time coded multiple input multiple output‐orthogonal frequency division multiplexing physical layer
Authors: Kavadi Rajesh , Gangapatnam Varaprasad Babu , Swaminathan Muralikrishnan
Published: October 2023

Two fundamental aspects of wireless communication, which make it challenging and interesting, are fading and interference. Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) techniques when utilized together effectively combat fading and interference thereby achieving the requirement of high data rate and high performance. In this paper, a 2 × 1 MIMO‐OFDM baseband model of the physical layer according to IEEE 802.16.1 standard employing 256 subcarriers capable of transmitting 192 Mbps in a 21‐MHz bandwidth frequency selective fading channel is designed. All essential blocks of the communication system like channel coding, modulation, time synchronization, frequency synchronization, channel estimation, residual carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation, and channel decoding are covered at the algorithm level. A two‐step time synchronization method is used in this work to avoid any ambiguity in frame detection. A long preamble, consisting of three short preambles, is designed to aid in time synchronization, frequency synchronization, and channel estimation. To evaluate the performance of the proposed design, simulations were carried out in MATLAB‐SIMULINK.
Is African non‐annual killifish Fundulopanchax gardneri (Teleostei; Cyprinodontiformes; Nothobranchiidae) true non‐annual?
Authors: Borisov Vasily , Shkil Fedor , Seleznev Dmitry , Smirnov Sergei
Published: October 2023

Background

Annual or seasonal killifishes (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) are unique among fish in their ability to enter into developmental arrests (diapauses: DI, DII, and DIII). They have a short lifespan and their embryos are exceptionally tolerant to a variety of environmental stresses. These traits make them a popular model for studying vertebrate diapause, aging, stress tolerance, genome adaptation, and evolution. In such issues, in a comparative evolutionary framework, Fundulopanchax gardneri, a popular aquarium fish from Africa, is commonly used as a representative non‐annual model though its development is not studied in detail and whether it includes diapauses remains uncertain.

Results

We described in detail for the first time embryonic development of F. gardneri and revealed it to resemble that in the undoubtedly annual Austrofundulus limnaeus killifish in displaying two developmental depressions. However, if compared with A. limnaeus, these developmental states look like “less intense” versions of DII and DIII rather than true diapauses.

Conclusions

To determine whether developmental depressions in F. gardneri represent “true” diapauses or only their functional equivalents, detailed studies of embryonic development of different killifish both annual and non‐annual are needed. Before that, acceptance of F. gardneri as a representative non‐annual fish seems premature.
An overview and investigation of relapse predictors in anorexia nervosa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: de Rijk Eline S. J. , Almirabi Durr , Robinson Lauren , Schmidt Ulrike , van Furth Eric F. , Slof‐Op ’t Landt Margarita C. T.
Published: October 2023

Objective

An extensive number of predictors has been examined across the literature to improve knowledge of relapse in anorexia nervosa (AN). These studies provide various recovery and relapse definitions, follow‐up durations and relapse rates. The current study summarizes these values and predictors of relapse in AN in a review and meta‐analysis.

Method

The study was executed according to PRISMA guidelines. Different databases were searched and studies in which participants did not receive an official clinical diagnosis were excluded. A quality analysis was performed using the National Institute of Health's Study Quality Assessment Tool. Random‐effects meta‐analyses were conducted to summarize data.

Results

Definitions of relapse and recovery were diverse. During an average follow‐up period of 31 months an average relapse rate of 37% was found. Predictive variables from 28 studies were grouped in six categories: age and sex, symptoms and behaviors, AN subtype and duration, weight or weight change, comorbidity, and personality. The studies were characterized by non‐significant and contradictory results. Meta‐analyses were performed for the predictors age, AN duration, pre‐treatment BMI, post‐treatment BMI and depression. These yielded significant effects for post‐treatment BMI and depression: higher pre‐treatment depression (SMD = .40 CI [.21–.59] and lower post‐treatment BMI (SMD = −.35 CI [−.63 to −.07]) increased relapse chances in AN.

Discussion

Our results emphasized a lack of sufficiently powered studies, consistent results, and robust findings. Solely post‐treatment BMI and pre‐treatment depression predicted relapse. Future research should use uniform definitions, larger samples and better designs, to improve our understanding of relapse in AN.

Public significance

Knowledge about predictors is important to understand high relapse rates. Our study performed a review and meta‐analysis of relapse predictors in AN. Related to the heterogeneity in studies examining predictors, an overview of relapse and recovery definitions, follow‐up durations and relapse rates for AN was provided. Significant effects were found for post‐treatment BMI and pre‐treatment depression. More studies with uniform definitions are needed to improve clinical implications.
Dibenzoylperoxide‐Mediated Oxidative α‐Thio/Seleno‐Cyanation of β‐Ketoesters and Oxindoles
Authors: Mairhofer Christopher , Röser Katharina , Aryafard Meysam , Himmelsbach Markus , Waser Mario
Published: October 2023

We herein report a protocol for the α‐thio‐ and α‐seleno‐cyanation of different cyclic β‐ketoesters and oxindoles by using NaSCN or KSeCN as easily accessible inorganic nucleophilic S(e)CN sources under oxidative conditions. Key to success for both transformations is the use of dibenzoylperoxide as an oxidant allowing for the coupling of two inherently nucleophilic species under operationally simple conditions in high yields and with broad functional group tolerance.
Probing the Impact of Added Al(OTf)3 on DalPhos/Nickel‐Catalyzed N‐Arylations of Amides with (Hetero)aryl Chlorides
Authors: Cotnam Michael J. , Martinek Nicole , Stradiotto Mark
Published: October 2023

We disclose herein our study examining the potential activating effect of added aluminum triflate (5 mol %) on the (DalPhos)Ni(aryl)Cl (1 mol % Ni) catalyzed C−N cross‐coupling of primary amides with (hetero)aryl chlorides. In some instances, dramatically improved conversion to product was achieved by use of added aluminum triflate; with furfurylamine catalytic inhibition occurred. The reaction outcome appears to result from the interplay of DalPhos ligand and aryl group within the Ni pre‐catalyst, as well as the identity of the cross‐coupling partners.
Evaluation of the energy consumption of hybrid desalination RO‐MED‐FD to reduce rejected brine
Authors: Salajeghe Maryam , Ameri Mehran
Published: October 2023

The escalating global capacity of desalination plants has posed a significant environmental threat due to the discharge of brine. Consequently, urgent treatment of these hypersaline brines has become imperative. This article provides an overview of a novel hybrid model for water desalination. Energy consumption and brine discharge of three desalination configurations, namely freeze desalination (FD), multi‐effect desalination (MED), and reverse osmosis (RO), are compared. The configurations encompass FD, MED‐FD, and RO‐MED‐FD, with FD utilizing the brine from MED and RO desalination. The hybrid desalination system integrates with combined power and cooling CO2 system (CPCS‐CO2) for energy supply. This hybridization offers enhanced operational flexibility, increased desalination capacity, and reduced brine discharge. Optimal gas heater pressure exists for different temperatures and salt concentrations in saline water. The findings demonstrate a noteworthy 47% and 50% reduction in energy consumption and brine discharge, respectively, in RO‐MED‐FD compared to simple FD.
Implicit coupling methods for nonlinear interactions between a large‐deformable hyperelastic solid and a viscous acoustic fluid of infinite extent
Authors: Li Yapeng , Qu Yegao , Meng Guang
Published: October 2023

This paper addresses the challenges in studying the interaction between high‐intensity sound waves and large‐deformable hyperelastic solids, which are characterized by nonlinearities of the hyperelastic material, the finite‐amplitude acoustic wave, and the large‐deformable fluid–solid interface. An implicit coupling method is proposed for predicting nonlinear structural‐acoustic responses of the large‐deformable hyperelastic solid submerged in a compressible viscous fluid of infinite extent. An arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) formulation based on an unsplit complex‐frequency‐shifted perfectly matched layer method is developed for long‐time simulation of the nonlinear acoustic wave propagation without exhibiting long‐time instabilities. The solid and acoustic fluid domains are discretized using the finite element method, and two different options of staggered implicit coupling procedures for nonlinear structural‐acoustic interactions are developed. Theoretical formulations for stability analysis of the implicit methods are provided. The accuracy, robustness, and convergence properties of the proposed methods are evaluated by a benchmark problem, that is, a hyperelastic rod interacting with finite‐amplitude acoustic waves. The numerical results substantiate that the present methods are able to provide long‐time steady‐state solutions for a nonlinear coupled hyperelastic solid and viscous acoustic fluid system without numerical constraints of small time step sizes and long‐time instabilities. The methods are applied to investigate nonlinear dynamic behaviors of coupled hyperelastic elliptical ring and acoustic fluid systems. Physical insights into 2:1 and 4:2:1 internal resonances of the hyperelastic elliptical ring and period‐doubling bifurcations of the structural and acoustic responses of the system are provided.
Elucidation of the effects of autochthonous starter on nitrogen‐containing compounds during fermentation of Yujiangsuan by metabolomics
Authors: Yu Shirui , Hu Wenkang , Ma Lina , Luo Yin , Zeng Xuefeng , Tian Shanjun
Published: October 2023

To understand the role of microorganisms in nitrogen (N)‐containing compound changes during the processing of Yujiangsuan by autochthonous starter cultures, the GC‐TOF‐MS‐based metabolomics method was adopted to investigate the effects of Weissella cibaria and Lactobacillus plantarum. The results demonstrated that inoculation of autochthonous strains led to differential metabolites, such as fatty acids, organic oxygen compounds, and carboxylic acids on day 4 to day 12 of fermentation. The N‐containing compounds under the inoculated fermentation group showed a faster relative concentration change. Nucleotide metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism exerted an influence on the formation of N‐containing compounds. Apart from that, the effect of W. cibaria and L. plantarum on the hydrolysis of macromolecules was the main factor causing differences in major N‐containing compounds.
A canine acute coronary occlusion model using thrombus implantation by percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Ma Ting , Yang Ling Jie , Zhang Yanqiu , Awen Alimina , Guan Lina , Mu Yuming
Published: October 2023

Objective

To establish an acute canine coronary artery occlusion model by implanting a mixed thrombus prepared in vitro into the coronary artery by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods

This study included 14 healthy Beagle dogs aged 10–13 months. First, 5 ml of canine venous blood was drawn to prepare the coronary artery thrombus in vitro. The thrombus was then implanted into the canine coronary artery by PCI to establish an animal model of acute coronary artery occlusion. Dogs were randomly divided into two experimental groups: group A, in which dogs were assessed for 2 h after coronary occlusion, and group B, in which dogs were assessed for 4 h after surgery. Baseline and postoperative assessment included cardiac troponin T (cTnT) levels, electrocardiography (ECG), plain and contrast echocardiography, and large‐scale digital subtraction angiography (DSA).

Results

Canine venous blood was successfully used to prepare a mixed thrombus with reticular fibrin structure and activated platelets in vitro. After the mixed thrombus was implanted into the coronary artery, large‐scale DSA showed no contrast medium perfusion, confirming complete occlusion of the coronary artery. After the coronary artery occlusion, dogs in both groups showed ST segment elevation >0.5 MV, a 0.9 μg/L increase in CTnT (p < 0.001), and increased EDV and ESV. Dogs also showed decreased left ventricular EF and FS and decreased MBF in the infarcted area (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

An experimental model of acute coronary artery occlusion in dogs was successfully established by implanting a mixed thrombus developed in vitro into the coronary artery using minimally invasive PCI.
Interest in global surgery rotations among oral and maxillofacial surgical residents in the United States
Authors: Harris Jack A. , Guntaka Praveen Kumar , Niedziela Cassi J. , Aziz Shahid R. , Afshar Salim
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This study sought to assess interest in global surgery rotations among current United States (US)‐based oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) residents.

Methods

An anonymous 23‐question survey was distributed to 633 current OMS residents in the US to examine resident interest in global surgery rotations during residency. The primary outcome variable was resident interest in participating in global OMS rotations during residency training, whereas the primary predictor variable was the presence of residency faculty involved in global OMS work. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all study variables and univariate/multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of interest in global OMS rotations.

Results

A total of 120 residents with an average age of 30.4 ± 3.2 years responded to the survey. At present, 22 (18.5%) residents stated that their residency programs offer some sort of global OMS rotation and 21 (95.5%) of these claimed they were willing to participate in global OMS rotations at their residency program. Out of the residents who stated their program did not offer a global OMS rotation, 86 (87.8%) respondents stated they would be interested in adding a dedicated global OMS rotation to their residency curriculum. The presence of OMS residency faculty involved in global OMS work (p = 0.030) and a resident's willingness to dedicate vacation time to participate in a global surgery rotation (p = 0.005) were associated with increased interest in a global surgery rotation.

Conclusion

The majority of respondents would welcome a dedicated global OMS rotation during their residency training.
Blebs and former blebs: From surface protrusions to extracellular vesicles in cancer signalling, anoikis resistance and beyond
Authors: Di Vizio Dolores , Schoppet Melanie , Weeraratna Ashani , Witwer Kenneth W.
Published: October 2023

Associations between plasma membrane blebbing and metastatic progression have been widely reported. There are also reports of increased extracellular vesicle (EV) release from cancer cells. Yet the ties between these closely related phenomena are incompletely understood. In this commentary, we remark on a recent finding on cellular membrane blebs in melanoma signalling. We discuss possible implications for cancer biology and draw parallels to knowns and unknowns in the relationships of EVs and cancer progression.
Self‐reported food intolerances in an Indian population: Need for individualization rather than a universal low‐FODMAP diet
Authors: Abraham Philip , Dhoble Pavan , Desai Devendra , Joshi Anand , Gupta Tarun
Published: October 2023

Background and Aim

Low‐fermentable oligo‐, di‐, and monosaccharides and polyol (FODMAP) diets have been recommended for individuals with food intolerance and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Individual food intolerances may, however, not correspond to the FODMAP content alone.

Methods

We conducted a survey on self‐reported intolerance to articles of food commonly identified as high FODMAP in 400 healthy Indian subjects (median age 40 years; 69% men) and 204 consecutive consenting patients with IBS (median age 36 years; 58% men).

Results

One‐hundred seventy‐nine (44.8%) healthy subjects and 147 (72.1%) patients with IBS reported some food intolerance (P < 0.00001); the latter reported intolerance to all items (except nuts) more frequently than healthy subjects. The prevalence, however, varied from 2.5 to 32%. Milk intolerance was reported equally commonly by healthy subjects and patients (23% vs 29.9%). Twenty‐three (11.3%) patients and no healthy subjects reported wheat sensitivity. The IBS diarrhea subgroup reported intolerance to milk, pulses, capsicum, cauliflower, leafy vegetables, and dry fruits more frequently than the constipation subgroup.

Conclusion

From among a list of high‐FODMAP items, individuals' intolerance varied widely, suggesting that individuals should be the final judge in deciding their elimination diets rather than devise them based on the FODMAP content alone. As in the West, food intolerance was reported more commonly by patients with IBS, especially those with diarrhea, than by healthy individuals. Also noteworthy is the low prevalence of milk intolerance in a subcontinent labeled as high in lactose intolerance. Unlike in the West, wheat intolerance was not reported by any healthy individual.
Does value chain inclusiveness increase smallholder resilience during pandemics? Lessons from the Zambia's sugar‐belt
Authors: Manda Simon , Miti Caroline
Published: October 2023

This paper asks whether value chain integration increases smallholder resilience during shocks. Using a qualitative research study design and the test case of the ‘sugar‐belt’ in Zambia, the paper draws on interviews with participants from different stakeholder groups, including household case studies and group discussions. Results show sugarcane value chain integration enhances smallholder livelihood resilience during pandemics through its coordination arrangement, but more could be done. Indirect involvement in, and joint procurement processes of inputs between smallholders and the management company, existing ready and stable access to markets and access to Fairtrade relief funds that point to direct livelihood support proved crucial for strengthening smallholder livelihood resilience during the pandemic. There were COVID‐19‐related adjustments by the management company, which further increased smallholder support. However, in as much as coordination arrangements seemed to have worked well during COVID‐19, smallholder livelihoods remained narrow and risky, raising the need for diversification that could strengthen sustainable resilience. This paper sheds light on how value chains could be organised to enhance pandemic recovery and build livelihood resilience. It helps us to reflect on the ‘(in)effectiveness’ of value chain institutions and the role and importance of smallholder coordination arrangements during pandemics. Ultimately, the result is a contribution to livelihood resilience thinking in value chains—one we hope is appropriate to our conjuncture.
Assessment of Lymphovascular Invasion in Breast Cancer Using a Combined MRI Morphological Features, Radiomics, and Deep Learning Approach Based on Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced MRI
Authors: Yang Xiuqi , Fan Xiaohong , Lin Shanyue , Zhou Yingjun , Liu Haibo , Wang Xuefei , Zuo Zhichao , Zeng Ying
Published: October 2023

Background

Assessment of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in breast cancer (BC) primarily relies on preoperative needle biopsy. There is an urgent need to develop a non‐invasive assessment method.

Purpose

To develop an effective model to assess the LVI status in patients with BC using magnetic resonance imaging morphological features (MRI‐MF), Radiomics, and deep learning (DL) approaches based on dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI).

Study Type

Cross‐sectional retrospective cohort study.

Population

The study included 206 BC patients, with 136 in the training set [97 LVI(−) and 39 LVI(+) cases; median age: 51.5 years] and 70 in the test set [52 LVI(−) and 18 LVI(+) cases; median age: 48 years].

Field Strength/Sequence

1.5 T/T1‐weighted images, fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted images, diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), and DCE‐MRI.

Assessment

The MRI‐MF model was developed with conventional MR features using logistic analyses. The Radiomic feature extraction process involved collecting data from categorized DCE‐MRI datasets, specifically the first and second post‐contrast images (A1 and A2). Next, a DL model was implemented to determine LVI. Finally, we established a joint diagnosis model by combining the MRI‐MF, Radiomics, and DL approaches.

Statistical Tests

Diagnostic performance was compared using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, confusion matrix, and decision curve analysis.

Results

Rim sign and peritumoral edema features were used to develop the MRI‐MF model, while six Radiomics signature from the A1 and A2 images were used for the Radiomics model. The joint model (MRI‐MF + Radiomics + DL models) achieved the highest accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.857), being significantly superior to the MRI‐MF (AUC = 0.724), Radiomics (AUC = 0.736), or DL (AUC = 0.740) model. Furthermore, it also outperformed the pairwise combination models: Radiomics + MRI‐MF (AUC = 0.796), DL + MRI‐MF (AUC = 0.796), or DL + Radiomics (AUC = 0.826).

Data Conclusion

The joint model incorporating MRI‐MF, Radiomics, and DL approaches can effectively determine the LVI status in patients with BC before surgery.

Level of Evidence

4

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Reference Values for Fetal Cardiac Dimensions, Volumes, Ventricular Function and Left Ventricular Longitudinal Strain Using Doppler Ultrasound Gated Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Healthy Third Trimester Fetuses
Authors: Minocha Prashant K. , Englund Erin K. , Friesen Richard M. , Fujiwara Takashi , Smith Sarah A. , Meyers Mariana L. , Browne Lorna P. , Barker Alex J.
Published: October 2023

Background

Recent advances in hardware and software permit the use of cardiac MRI of late gestation fetuses, however there is a paucity of MRI‐based reference values.

Purpose

To provide initial data on fetal cardiac MRI‐derived cardiac dimensions, volumes, ventricular function, and left ventricular longitudinal strain in healthy developing fetuses >30 weeks gestational age.

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

Twenty‐five third trimester (34 ± 1 weeks, range of 32–37 weeks gestation) women with healthy developing fetuses.

Field Strength/Sequence

Studies were performed at 1.5 T and 3 T. Cardiac synchronization was achieved with a Doppler ultrasound device. The protocol included T2 single shot turbo spin echo stacks for fetal weight and ultrasound probe positioning, and multiplanar multi‐slice cine balanced steady state free precession gradient echo sequences.

Assessment

Primary analyses were performed by a single observer. Weight indexed right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) volumes and function were calculated from short axis (SAX) stacks. Cardiac dimensions were calculated from the four‐chamber and SAX stacks. Single plane LV longitudinal strain was calculated from the four‐chamber stack. Interobserver variability was assessed in 10 participants. Cardiac MRI values were compared against available published normative fetal echocardiogram data using z‐scores.

Statistical Tests

Mean and SDs were calculated for baseline maternal/fetal demographics, cardiac dimensions, volumes, ventricular function, and left ventricular longitudinal strain. Bland–Altman and intraclass correlation coefficient analysis was performed to test interobserver variability.

Results

The mean gestational age was 34 ± 1.4 weeks. The mean RV and LV end diastolic volumes were 3.1 ± 0.6 mL/kg and 2.4 ± 0.5 mL/kg respectively. The mean RV cardiac output was 198 ± 49 mL/min/kg while the mean LV cardiac output was 173 ± 43 mL/min/kg.

Data Conclusion

This paper reports initial reference values obtained by cardiac MRI in healthy developing third trimester fetuses. MRI generally resulted in slightly larger indexed values (by z‐score) compared to reports in literature using fetal echocardiography.

Evidence level

1

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Prevalence and Impact of Workplace Sexual Harassment Experienced by Medical Sonographers
Authors: Yi Sue Y. , Ali Naiim S. , Lee Kenneth S. , Ross Andrew B.
Published: October 2023

Objective

To assess the prevalence and impact of sexual harassment among a nationwide sample of medical sonographers.

Methods

A survey was distributed anonymously to a convenience sample of medical sonographers via email contacts and sonographer‐specific social media pages. Data were analyzed to determine respondent demographics, the prevalence of sexual harassment in the last 2 years, the type and severity of harassment experienced, demographics of perpetrators, personal and institutional responses to such experiences, and the impact of sexual harassment on sonographer physical and mental health and job satisfaction.

Results

Of the 220 sonographers (83% female) most (45%) were between 18 and 34 years and identified as white (81%). A total of 192 (87%) reported experiencing at least 1 incident of harassment within the last 2 years. Female respondents experienced higher harassment rates (76%) compared to males (50%, P = .02). The most common forms of harassment were verbal, including suggestive or sexist jokes (69%) and offensive sexist remarks (61%). Perpetrators were predominantly male (78%) and most commonly patients (89%) or their friends/family members (46%). The majority of respondents either ignored the harassing behavior (70%) or treated it like a joke (50%), with only a minority (12%) officially reporting incidents. Of those who reported, 44% were unsatisfied with their institution's response. Among respondents, 34% reported negative impacts of workplace sexual harassment, such as anxiety, depression, sleep loss, or adverse workplace consequences.

Discussion

Workplace sexual harassment is a common occurrence for sonographers and often leads to negative health and career outcomes. Further institutional policies to prevent harassment and mitigate its effects are needed.
Comparing contemporary models to traditional indices to estimate abundance of desert bighorn sheep
Authors: Blum Marcus E. , Buderman Frances E. , Bennett Joe R. , Stewart Kelley M. , Cox Mike , Williams Perry J.
Published: October 2023

Aerial surveys for large ungulates produce count data that often underrepresent the number of animals. Errors in count data can lead to erroneous estimates of abundance if they are not addressed. Our objective was to address imperfect detection probability by developing a framework that produces realistic and defensible estimates of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) abundance. We applied our framework to a population of desert bighorn sheep (O. c. nelsoni) in the Great Basin, Nevada, USA. We captured and marked 24 desert bighorn sheep with global positioning system (GPS)‐collars and then conducted helicopter surveys naïve to the locations of collared animals. We developed a Bayesian integrated data model to leverage information from telemetry data, helicopter survey counts, and habitat characteristics to estimate abundance while accounting for availability and perception probability (i.e., detection given availability). Distance to ridgeline, terrain ruggedness, tree cover, and slope influenced perception probability of sheep given they were viewable from the helicopter. There was also annual variation in perception probability (2018: median = 0.64, credible interval [CrI] = 0.37–0.87; 2019: median = 0.81, CrI = 0.49–0.97). The abundance estimates from the integrated data model decreased from 2018 (594; 95% CrI = 537–656) to 2019 (487; 95% CrI = 436–551). In addition, accounting for availability and imperfect perception resulted in greater estimates of abundance compared to traditional directed search methods, which were 340 for 2018 and 320 for 2019. Our modeling framework can be used to generate more defensible population estimates of bighorn sheep and other large mammals that have been surveyed in a similar manner.
On group actions of p‐groups on p′$p^{\prime }$‐groups
Authors: Yang Yong
Published: October 2023

Let A be a finite group that acts coprimely on another finite group G, and in this setting we study the orbit structure of the group A on the irreducible characters or conjugacy classes of the group G. We prove that if a p‐group A acts coprimely on a finite group G, then A has a “large” orbit in its corresponding action on the set of ordinary complex irreducible characters of G. This answers a conjecture of Moretó affirmatively.