bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of a phytoplasma of the ash yellows group (16Sr VII-B) occurring in Artemisia annua and Conyza bonariensis weeds
Authors: Meneguzzi N.G , Torres L.E. , Galdeano E. , Guzmán F.A. , Nome S.F. , Conci L.R.
Published: September 2024

En Sudamérica se han detectado y caracterizado fitoplasmas de diferentes grupos 16Sr. Entre éstos, se detectaron diferentes especies de plantas herbáceas. En Brasil, se reportaron los aislamientos EriWB y RPWB infectando Erigeron sp. y Catharanthus roseus, los que fueron asignados al nuevo subgrupo 16Sr VII-B. En la Argentina,el subgrupo 16Sr VII-C fue creado para incluir al fitoplasma ArAWB que infecta alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Nuevos aislamientos de fitoplasmas del grupo 16Sr VII se han detectado en Artemisia annua y Conyza bonariensis en la Argentina, mostrando típicos síntomas de “escoba de bruja”. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar molecularmente a estos aislamientos para clasificarlos y asociarlos a los fitoplasmas más relacionados. Se analizaron patrones de restricción (PCR-RFLP) del gen 16S de ARNr y se obtuvieron secuencias de tres aislamientos para realizar un análisis cladístico y poder determinar la similitud con otros fitoplasmas. Idénticos patrones de PCR-RFLP, la alta similitud de secuencias (99,9%) y el agrupamiento cladístico resultante asociaron a estos fitoplasmas presentes en malezas en Argentina (ArtWB), al subgrupo 16Sr VII-B. Estos aislamientos representan aislamientos geográficos del fitoplasma EriWB. Este trabajo revela la amplia distribución geográfica de los fitoplasmas del subgrupo 16Sr VII-B y su capacidad de infectar diferentes hospedantes .
Mérito de seis híbridos y líneas derivadas de girasol durante el desarrollo de la podredumbre blanca de capítulos
Authors: Giussani A , Castaño F. , Rodríguez R.
Published: September 2024

Se apreció el comportamiento de seis cultivares F1 y líneas F2:3 de girasol frente a la podredumbre blanca del capítulo. A los genotipos se los inoculó con Sclerotinia sclerotiorum y se les estimó: la incidencia, el período de incubación relativo,la severidad —en dos momentos— y el progreso de la enfermedad. Hubo diferencias entre genotipos para las cinco variables medidas. El cultivar MG 50 sobresalió por su comportamiento frente a todas las variables, excepto incidencia.Algunas líneas F2:3 tuvieron un nivel de resistencia similar a los mejores cultivaresdel ensayo. Dichas líneas continúan en el proceso de endocría y evaluación por su habilidad de producir una progenie de buena resistencia durante todas las fases del desarrollo de la podredumbre blanca de capítulos en girasol.
La biofumigación y el metam sodio como alternativas al uso de bromuro de metilo. Efecto sobre el control de malezas y las características químicas del suelo
Authors: Pereyra S.M , De L. Avila A. , Orecchia E.
Published: September 2024

El bromuro de metilo (BM) como desinfectante de suelo está ampliamente generalizado;sin embargo, el planteo de alternativas que lo reemplacen es de vital importancia, dada las restricciones que pesan sobre este producto. Se evaluó el efecto del metam sodio (0,125 L/m2) y la biofumigación (guano de pollo, 8 kg/m2;salvado de trigo 1,5 kg/m2 y acícula de pino 30 dm3/m2), como alternativas al tratamiento con bromuro de metilo (80 g/m2), sobre el tipo y número de malezas y las características químicas del suelo en un cultivo de clavel. El tipo y número de malezas presentes y las características químicas del suelo, se evaluaron antes de los tratamientos y a los 30 días después de implantado el cultivo. Los resultados mostraron que todos los tratamientos fueron eficientes para controlar las malezas, en número y especies. Las biofumigaciones con guano de pollo y con salvado de trigo modificaron el contenido de materia orgánica y la conductividad eléctrica del suelo. El guano de pollo adicionalmente aumentó la capacidad de retención de agua y el contenido de nutrientes del suelo.
Variabilidad en caracteres morfológicos relacionados con la implantación de Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd. y Desmanthus paspalaceus (Lindm.) Burkart
Authors: Zabala J.M , Giavedoni J. , Tomas P.A. , Budini E.A.
Published: September 2024

En la actualidad, una prioridad para mejorar la producción ganadera en el centro-norte de Argentina es la búsqueda de leguminosas forrajeras adaptadas a la región.Este trabajo tuvo como objetivos: a) analizar la variabilidad de caracteres morfológicos relacionados con el crecimiento inicial en poblaciones de dos especies de forrajeras nativas, Desmanthus virgatus y D. paspalaceus,y b) evaluar la implantación a campo en dos ambientes. Se encontró variaciónen los caracteres relacionados con el crecimiento inicial en ambas especies se identificaron poblaciones promisorias para incorporar en programas de mejoramiento. Una parte importante de la variación encontrada correspondea variaciones interpoblacionales e intrapoblacionales. Las correlaciones entrecaracteres indican que es posible mejorar simultáneamente por producción de biomasa aérea sin comprometer la acumulación de reservas en la raíz. Todas las poblaciones mostraron un bajo establecimiento a campo en los dos ambientes analizados. Se discuten las causas probables de dicho comportamiento.
Respuesta del maní (Arachis hypogaea L.) a la inoculación en la Provincia de Córdoba
Authors: Ponte Roberto Pedro , Del V. Oliva L. , Acosta Marta I.
Published: September 2024

Nodulation and yield in relation Co groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seed inoculation was evaluated with four strains of Rhizobium spp., the trials were done on a Haplustol éntico soil Manfredi, Province of Córdoba (Argentina) during 1977/78 and 1978/79. Experimental design was randomized complete block with four replications. Statistical analysis gave no significative difference between treatment and between exper'ments (years) . The nodulation and yield were similar with or without artificial inoculation.
Efectos de la inducción de Androesterilidad por aplicación de AG, sobre la producción de semilla F1, en girasol (Heliantus annuus L.)
Authors: Peiretti D. A. , Ceballos H. , Macchiavelli R. E. , Fernández M.
Published: September 2024

The effects of androesterility induction in sunflower (Helinthus annuus L.), by GA application, were determined on the following aspects: Amount and viability of pollen produced, production of vain fruits, percentage of normal seeds giving viable seedlings, percentage of hybrid seeds by hand pollination, and modifications of treated plants. The Impira INTA population and the inbred lines “B Mf 76-2” and “R Mf 76-63” were treated with 75, 100, and 125 ppm of AG3 aqueous solution at one time. The material was conducted in a randomized complete block design, with factorial arrangement. The best results were obtained with a dose of 125 ppm, which resulted in an average of 75.92 % hybrid seed. A greater sensitivity of the inbred lines to the phytohormone used was observed.
Técnica rápida para detectar Nematodos Entomófagos
Authors: A. de Douget María M.
Published: September 2024

A technique is described that allows rapid detection of the presence of infesting larvae of entomophagous nematodes in soil. This technique is the result of the conjugation of classical procedures in the extraction of nematodes from soil and the production of entomophages in the laboratory. The auxiliary host used is G. mellonelia. The totality of the results are obtained on the fourth day after the beginning of the experiment, having on the second day more than 50% of the information. The described technique is compared with that devised by Bedding and Akhurst using soil artificially infested with N. carpocapsae in known concentrations.
Variabilidad de los caracteres morfométricos y morfológicos de una población de Criconemella curvata (Raski, 1952) Luc & Raski, 1981 (Nematoda: Tylenchida)
Authors: Doucet M. E. , Rosati V. R. , Di Rienzo J. A.
Published: September 2024

A study of the variability of morphometric and morphological characters of a population (females and larvae) of the phytophagous nematode Criconemella Curvata (Raski, 1952) Luc & Raski, 1981 from Córdoba, Argentina was carried out. This variability was determined on the basis of: statistical analysis of each morphometric character and analysis of the relative frequency of each morphological character within the population. In the particular case of larvae, it is shown that the use of the length of the conical portion of the est Tete allows discriminating with precision the different stages. A critical study of the importance of each group of characters in the definition of the species was carried out.
Estudio Taxonómico de Poblaciones de Peltamigratus longistylus. Doucet, 1980 y P. perscitus Doucet, 1980 (NEMATODA: TYLENCHIDA)
Authors: Doucet M. E.
Published: September 2024

The morphometric characters of two populations of Peltramigratus longistylus Doucet, 1980 and one population of P. perscitus Doucet, 1980 are detailed, as well as the most important morphological characters of the mentioned populations.
Aberraciones Meióticas en Triticales Octopliodes
Authors: Manero de Zumelzú Diana , Ochoa de Suárez Beatriz , Blanch de Bongiovanni Nidia
Published: September 2024

The cytological stability of octoploid triticales was studied by counting meiotic irregularities (univalents in Metaphase I, laggards in Anaphase I and micronuclei in Tetrads), in CMP. Four lines obtained from crosses between wheat var. Buck Pampero and rye var. Insave, obtained at the Department of Cereals and Oilseeds of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences (U.N.C.) were analyzed. The statistical analysis was carried out by means of tests of comparison of two proportions through the normal distribution.
Análisis de desarrollo de población de Metopolophium dirhodum (W) en diferentes cultivares de triticale
Authors: Audisio Ricardo , Sosa Hugo , Otero Juan , Sánchez Lía , Rubiale Alicia
Published: September 2024

Looking for wheet-rye hibrids resisters to Metopolophium dirhodum (W) damage, the development of populations of this aphids was measured on selected cultivars ofthe hybrids Buck Pampero wheat and Insave F. A. rye. The autors concluded that tested cultivars showed different ability for aphids development.
Selectividad de trampas adhesivas de diferentes colores en la captura de insectos en el cultivo de soja, en Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Sosa H. M. , Rubiale A. , Sánchez L. , Otero J. C. , Audisio R.
Published: September 2024

In a soybean plot near the Córdoba city (Argentina), five colours of sticky traps were tested for capturing insects. The colours were yellow, two different gree-nish-yellow and two different orange-yellow. The yellow and orange-yellow were Sligthy more attractive for Homoptera and Diptera. Lepidoptera were also dapped with greenish-yellow. Agalliana sp were atracted to yellow.
Inhibidores endógenos del crecimiento, nodulación y fijación de nitrógeno en soja bajo sequía y tratada con ácido giberélico y ácido abscísico
Authors: Racca R. W. , Arguello J. A. , Núñez S. B. , Luna V. , Frioni L. , Bottini R.
Published: September 2024

Soybean plants (Glycine max L. Merrill) that had reached full nodulation were submitted to physiological water stress by using polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000). Gibberellin A and/or abscisic acid were sprayed in an attempt to alleviate or mimic the stress. After rewatering the plants, endogenous growth inhibitors in the root system, nitrogenase activity (as per root or nodule basis), number of nodules per plant, and the fresh and dry weight of nodules and roots per plant and per treatment were investigated. Drought depressed both nodulation and nitrogenase activity and increased the levels of growth inhibitors in roots. However, ABA increased symbiotic N2 fixation activity in control plants growing in field capacity and also partially reversed the deleterious effects of drought. Gibberellin A had no action on control plants but annulled the effects of ABA. There was no correlation between the levels of growth inhibitors promoted by exogenous application of growth regulators and the nitrogenase activity and weight of nodules. Thus, the diminution in nodulation and the reductive capacity of the system is not due to inhibitors accumulated in roots by the effect of drought.
Regiones hídricas de la República Argentina
Authors: Rodríguez A. R. , De la Casa A. C.
Published: September 2024

The definition, delimitation, and characterization of different hydric regions of Argentine from the hydrologic budget and rainfall characteristics, are very important in order to know the cattle, forestry and agricultural potential of a zone. A statistical multivariate classification technique is used, known as cluster analysis. The cluster analysis is applied to a set of variables (average deficit and excess of water, average monthly deficit and excess of water, equilibrium and stationarity of rainfall), collected from all over the country to define geographical units of homogeneous hydric characteristics. Cluster analysis allowed to delimit fifteen hydric regions in Argentine and thus obtain the associated mean values of the agroclimatic parameters.
Tamaño y forma de la parcela experimental de ajo (Allium sativum L.)
Authors: Peiretti D. A. , Biderbost E. B. , Carreras J. J. , Nazar M. C.
Published: September 2024

The size and shape of the experimental plot for garlic (Allium sativum L.) was determined in comparative trials in relation to replication number and the degree of accuracy. "Bulb weight" (gr) of the experimental clon "Alpa Suqula " obtained from meristem culture from " Rosado Paraguayo" papulation was used. From a uniformity trial, with 780 principal units, secundar plots (16 m2) were horizontally and vertically formed. Without taking cost into account , optimun plot size for garlic was established between 3 and 4 m2, with variation coefficients of 17 and 14% respectively. The optimun shape is 4 furrows 2 m long each.
Comportamiento sintomatológico y serológico de aislamientos del Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus (MDMV) provenientes de diferentes regiones geográficas
Authors: Yossen Viviana E.
Published: September 2024

Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus (MDMV) isolates from corn, from the Argentine provinces of Salta, Córdoba, and Buenos Aires, and from the Republic of Chile (Santiago de Chile), with different symptomatologies, have been serologically tested in microprecipitation assays against a series of antisera of MDMV and Sugarcane Mosaic Virus (SCMV), and inoculated in nine differential sorghum hosts (Sorghum spp.). The results obtained have shown that the four isolates presented symptomatological differences in some sorghum cultivars inoculated. In serological tests, all the isolates reacted positively against the anti-MDMV-A (A strain of MDMV), except the Chilean isolate, which reacted with this and also with MDMV-E (E strain of MDMV). The A strain of MDMV is apparently the one that predominates in the corn crops in Argentina, varying its symptomatologic response according to the area where it occurs and the maize genotype used.
Caracteres epidérmicos foliares de valor diagnóstico en la identificación de plantas leñosas del Chaco occidental
Authors: Rosati Victoria R.
Published: September 2024

n illustrated description of the leaf epidermis of 36 woody species present in the Western Chaco of Argentina (Salta Province) is presented. It includes a key for the identification of leaf fragments found in the faeces and in the stomach and ruminal contents of herbivores. The main characters used for the identification of plant fragments were cell walls, trichomes, stomata, and cuticular ornamentation.
Una nueva plaga del algodonero en Córdoba, "la broca", Eutinobothrus brasiliensis (Hambleton) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Sedran J. C. , Igarzabal D. , Novo R. , Bracamonte E.
Published: September 2024

A new pest of cotton plants in the cotton area under irrigation in Cruz del Eje, Córdoba, Argentina, was detected. Samplings were carried out in six plots (with cotton plants in the flowering-fruiting stage) to determine the presence of the causal agent and to evaluate the injuries caused by the pest. The insect was determined as Eutinobothrus brasiliensis (Hambleton), (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The larvae dried galleries between the cortex and the pith of the plant, causing its death. It was estimated that 5% of the plants were injured by the pest.
Juvenilidad, rejuvenecimiento y propagación vegetativa de las especies leñosas
Authors: Caso Osvaldo H.
Published: September 2024

This paper attempts to present the state of the art in the knowledge of multiplication of woody species by nonsexual methods, given the need to obtain juvenile or rejuvenated material for the success of vegetative propagation or cloning. In fruit species, propagation by grafts on juvenile stocks is an effective method for partially rejuvenating adult material, or in other terms, mature material. In the course of the presentation, emphasis will be made on methods applicable to the mother plant as well as those used for in vitro culture.
In forest trees, research on this type of propagation has increased in the last few years; however, there are few instances of massive production of individuals. The advantages of this method are the possibility of achieving rapid multiplication of individuals (selected for their productivity, quality, resistance to pathogens, etc.), the cloning of hybrids and polyploid organisms by means of conventional techniques (grafting, rooting of cuttings, etc.) or by in vitro culture of meristems, tissues, or cells.
Caracterización de variedades y portainjertos de vid (Vitis vinifera L.) mediante isoenzimas de las raíces
Authors: Altube H. A. , Cabello F. , Ortiz J. M.
Published: September 2024

Twenty-one cultivars of Vitis vinifera L. and three rootstocks were chosen to study their biochemical characterization based on the electrophoretic separation of isoenzyme systems obtained from root tissue extracts. Acid phosphatases (ACPH), esterases (EST), catechol oxidases (CO), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases (GOT), malate dehydrogenases (MDH), and peroxidases (PER) were separated using polyacrylamide gels and later stained with specific stains for the various isoenzyme systems. ACPH, CO, EST, and MDH were found to be the most adequate systems for characterization. The results of the study of the different systems and the grouping of the cultivars are presented. The use of isoenzymatic techniques for the characterization of Vitis genotypes is suggested.
Asociación de caracteres morfológicos en poblaciones de maíz (Zea mays L.) en condiciones de estrés y no estrés hídrico
Authors: Biasutti C. A. , Peiretti D. A.
Published: September 2024

The association of different plant characters, under and without water stress conditions, was studied in one local and five exotic open-pollinated maize varieties, in field experiments during the summers of 1988/89 and 1989/90. A split plot design with three replications for each site was used. Genotypes were evaluated for yield and eleven characters. Correlation coefficients under water stress indicated that number of leaves, ear height, black layer maturity, senescence of ear leaf, prolificacy, interval between pollen shed and silking, plant height and grains per row significantly influenced grain yield. Under non-stress conditions, ear length, senescence of ear leaf, grains per row and prolificacy significantly influenced grain yield. Through path coefficient analysis, it was concluded that the improvement of drought tolerance can be achieved by using characters like the interval between pollen shed and silking, prolificacy, number of grains per row and senescence of ear leaf as selection criteria.
Calidad panadera en líneas de trigo para la región semiárida. Su relación con las subunidades glutenínicas de alto peso molecular
Authors: Dubois M. E. , Gaido Z. A. , Manera G. A. , Maich R. H.
Published: September 2024

A group of F4 and F5 lines of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), apt for the semi-arid region of central Argentina, was analyzed for bread-making quality. Moreover, high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunit composition was determined. The lines had high protein content, with strong but low-extensibility gluten, and very good bread-making quality. Even if the HMW glutenin subunit pattern was not sufficient to define all quality aspects for the wheat apt for the semi-arid region, it should be considered in all genetic improvement programs for plants.
Modelo estadístico de pronóstico de rendimiento de maíz para la región semiárida de Córdoba basado en datos pluviométricos areales
Authors: De la Casa Antonio
Published: September 2024

An statistical model for corn yield forecasting is developed to estimate the crop productivity in the semiarid region of the Córdoba province. Monthly precipitation data were used to calculate areal precipitation, which was utilized as an independent variable set. The methodology consisted of a multivariate analysis with a stepwise program. The predictor variables were included or eliminated from the model one at a time, considering the F value used to evaluate the significance of the relationships. The model considered pluviometric, technology, and geographic terms. The error tests were 17 and 18% compared with the control data. Significant differences were detected in the Río Cuarto department. October and November precipitation are the variables more related to district corn yield.
Asociaciones entre nematodos fitófagos y malezas en la República Argentina
Authors: Doucet Marcelo E.
Published: September 2024

Weeds in general are directly responsible for serious damage in agriculture. Indirectly, they can be hosts and transmit a large number of phytopathogenous organisms. Among these, certain phytophagous nematodes are very important. They find numerous weed species that offer them the possibility of remaining in the soil, affecting its sanitary conditions and crop yields. For the first time in Argentina, a comprehensive study of the nematodes-weed relationships was made. Fourteen valid phytophagous nematode species and two non-identified ones were detected associated with weeds. Three nematode genera that have very dangerous species (Ditylenchus, Meloidogyne, and Nacobbus) are characterized by their association with many weeds. A large variety of weeds (forty-five valid species and nine non-identified ones) that have a wide distribution in the cultivated area of the country are associated with one or more phytophagous nematode species. Gramineae and Compositae are the most important families.
Validation of the Factor Structure and Psychometric and Clinical Properties of the Multidimensional Emotional Disorder Inventory (MEDI) - German Version
Authors: Bartholdy Stephan , Zimmer Raphaela , Hermann Andrea , Stark Rudolf , Brakemeier Eva-Lotta , Kaiser Tim
Published: September 2024

The empirically proven high prevalence and comorbidity of emotional disorders underscore the need for transdiagnostic measures in routine clinical practice and psychotherapy research. The Multidimensional Emotional Disorder Inventory (MEDI) is a brief, transdiagnostic measure assessing nine dimensions of emotional disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric and clinical properties of the German version of the MEDI. The translated version was administered to a large sample including both healthy individuals and patients from two university-based outpatient psychotherapy clinics (N = 1129). Test-retest data from 273 individuals was used to estimate duration-adjusted retest reliabilities over an interval of approximately 7 months. Convergent and discriminant validity of the MEDI scales were evaluated by analysing information on other clinically relevant constructs, including self-report measures for various symptoms, personality traits and disorders, as well as confirmed clinical diagnoses. Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) was employed to examine the factor structure, resulting in a satisfactory overall fit of the original nine-factor model, albeit with reduced consistency for the Avoidance scale. Overall, the MEDI scales showed high estimates of internal consistency (Cronbach´s α between .73-.92) and acceptable test-retest reliabilities (rtt between .58-.78). Correlations with other established symptom and personality measures, as well as clinical diagnoses, were consistent with expectations and demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity. In conclusion, the German version of the MEDI demonstrated good psychometric properties, making it particularly suitable as a dimensional measure for evaluating differential effects of therapeutic interventions for emotional disorders in both clinical practice and research contexts.
Ideological asymmetry
Authors: Szebeni Zea , Salojärvi Virpi
Published: September 2024

This encyclopedia entry explores ideological asymmetry in political communication, underscoring how personal biases, social media, and partisan identities shape interactions with political information. It explores how susceptibility to disinformation varies with political orientation due to psychological predispositions and targeted media strategies. The discussion extends to theories like motivated reasoning and the Identity-based Model of Political Belief, which explain the selective acceptance of information that aligns with existing beliefs and partisan identities. The role of populism is highlighted, emphasizing how affective polarization and narrative framing on social media platforms amplify ideological divides. Additionally, the entry addresses the strategic use of visual content in political messaging, which enhances emotional engagement and deepens ideological asymmetries. Overall, the examination of how digital platforms cater to specific demographics and ideologies reveals a complex landscape of political communication marked by significant ideological asymmetries.
Grounding AI Policy: Towards Researcher Access to AI Usage Data
Authors: Nicholas Gabriel
Published: September 2024

The lack of available empirical information about how people use general purpose AI systems makes it extremely challenging to develop evidence-informed policy. However, when designing new regulations, policymakers face an empirical dilemma: they must regulate AI without any access to real world data on how people and businesses are using these systems. Unlike social media and the internet, where user behavior is often public and leaves observable data traces, general-purpose AI systems are largely accessed through private, one-on-one interactions, such as chatbots. This paper proceeds in three parts. First, it describes the use case information gap, why it should be closed, and what challenges there are to doing so. Then, it gives more detail on the three approaches to providing researchers access to use case information previously mentioned. Finally, it offers recommendations for how AI companies and lawmakers can implement these approaches in ways that benefit researchers and ultimately the public, while safeguarding users’ privacy.
Natural Perception Hypothesis: How Natural Selection Shapes Species-Specific Sensory Experiences and Influences Biodiversity
Authors: Raz Shmuel , Breitkopf David
Published: September 2024

The Natural Perception Hypothesis posits that sensory perceptions of time, space, and stimuli are not universally uniform but are tuned by each species' specific evolutionary adaptations. This paper explores how natural selection acts on sensory systems, tailoring perceptions to optimize survival and reproductive success within specific ecological niches. By examining variability in time perception (e.g., critical flicker fusion frequency), auditory perception (e.g., frequency range sensitivity), and visual perception (e.g., color vision and light sensitivity) across diverse taxa, we demonstrate that perceptual adaptations result in unique perceptual worlds. These perceptual shifts can lead to perceived environmental changes, influencing behaviors, ecological interactions, and evolutionary trajectories.We illustrate how such adaptations have facilitated adaptive radiation and non-linear evolutionary dynamics, using examples like the diversification of cichlid fish through visual adaptations and the adaptive radiation of Anolis lizards influenced by visual signaling. The hypothesis provides a potential explanation for rapid diversification events, such as the Cambrian Explosion, by linking the evolution of new sensory systems to bursts of speciation. While acknowledging other contributing factors, the Natural Perception Hypothesis offers a unifying framework that connects sensory ecology, evolutionary biology, and ecology.Understanding that natural selection acts on perception enhances our comprehension of biodiversity patterns and has practical implications for conservation strategies and ecosystem management. Recognizing species-specific sensory needs can inform efforts to preserve or restore the perceptual environments essential for species survival. Future research directions include empirical studies on perceptual adaptations, mathematical modeling of evolutionary dynamics incorporating sensory variables, and interdisciplinary approaches integrating genetics, neurobiology, ecology, and behavior to further assess the hypothesis's significance in shaping evolutionary processes.
Improved Precision and Reference Materials for Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis in Basaltic Glasses using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Shea Joshua , Hughes Ery , Balzar Robert , Bindeman Ilya , Blundy Jon , Brooker Richard , Botcharnikov Roman , Cartigny Pierre , - EIMF , Gaetani Glenn , Kilgour Geoff , Maclennan John , Monteleone Brian , Neave David , Shorttle Oliver
Published: September 2024

We introduce three new reference materials and a new high-precision set-up for stable carbon isotope analysis in basaltic glasses using large-geometry secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) instrument. The new hydrous basaltic reference materials, characterised for carbon concentration and isotope composition by step-heating gas extraction and manometry followed by isotope ratio mass spectrometry, show homogeneity for in situ analysis. Additionally, their hydrogen concentration and hydrogen isotope ratios are reported. Our SIMS protocol uses multi-collection, cycling between concurrent measurements of (_ ^12)C and (_ ^13)C on electron multipliers, and either (_ ^30)Si or (_ ^18)O, as a reference mass, on a 10^11 Ω resistor Faraday cup. The analysis involves rastering over an area of 20 〖μm〗^2 for 100 cycles, resulting in a 40 μm-wide analytical pit. This set-up achieves high internal precision for δ_ ^13 C down to ± 0.35 ‰ 1RSE at 1706_(-88)^(+89) μg g^(-1) CO_2, with precision of ± 1.00 ‰ 1RSE or better between 163_(-5.2)^(+5.1) and 267_(-8.9)^(+8.9) μg g^(-1) CO_2, depending on set-up sensitivity. Precision reported here is improved by a factor of three at comparable concentrations to that previously reported elsewhere. Carbon blanks were characterised by measuring carbon-free olivines, allowing for accurate blank corrections on δ_ ^13 C measurements. After correcting for blank signals and instrument mass fractionation, we measure δ_ ^13 C in glasses with low CO_2 concentrations down to 〖26.16〗_(-0.86)^(+0.85) μg g^(-1) CO_2 with a final measurement standard sample deviation of ± 2.97 ‰ 1s. We report in situ measurements on an ocean floor basaltic glass from the East Pacific Rise and a set of synthetic basaltic glasses are presented to demonstrate our approach. The reference materials and SIMS set-up can be used to significantly improve the accuracy and precision of del13C measurements in natural basaltic glasses and are applicable across a wide range of geologically relevant carbon contents.
Human dimensions of grizzly bear tolerance in the Bitterroot Ecosystem, Idaho USA
Authors: Shaw Kaitlyn E. , Wallen Kenneth
Published: September 2024

Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) were extirpated from central Idaho’s Bitterroot Ecosystem (BE) by 1946. After a failed attempt to reintroduce grizzlies to the BE in the 1990s, individual grizzlies have been documented in the region since 2007, with natural recovery a future potentiality in the region. To proactively inform conservation and management efforts amidst potential natural recovery, an exploratory mixed methods research design used interviews and focus groups to assess BE residents’ opinions on grizzly bear management, tolerance of grizzlies, and trust in agencies to manage grizzlies. Results from thematic analysis reveal: (1) distrust of management agencies and conservation organizations that stems from general perceptions of untrustworthiness and the wolf reintroduction that occurred in central Idaho in the mid-1990s, (2) trust-building preferences, including accessible staff and participatory opportunities, and ways for agencies and organizations to increase perceptions of trustworthiness, (3) intolerance towards management that stems from perceptions of an inequitable constitutive process that excludes BE residents from decision-making, potential threats from Endangered Species Act regulations, and a lack of clarity about current and future management plans, (4) preferred actions to increase tolerance towards management, including a decentralized decision-making process, educational outreach about grizzlies, and a hunting season, (5) intolerance towards grizzlies that stems from safety, economic, and cultural concerns, and (6) tolerance towards grizzlies that stems from appreciation and the belief in their right to exist. Findings suggest improved communication efforts about management intentions and a more equitable constitutive process can address issues of tolerance, trust, social injustice, and the material and non-material costs of grizzly presence in the BE region.
Socio-Ecological Responses to Misinformation on Social Media: A Framework for Multilayered Action
Authors: Heiss Raffael , Bode Leticia , Bradshaw Samantha Rachel , MacCarthy Mark , Porter Ethan , Engel Elena , Gell Sascha
Published: September 2024

Misinformation has emerged as a major meta-challenge, impeding the resolution of the most critical issues of our time. However, current research on mitigating misinformation is fragmented across disciplines, highlighting the need for an integrated framework. We present the Socio-Ecological Responses to Misinformation (SERM) framework, which outlines the key actors and interventions needed to effectively combat misinformation in democratic systems. The framework proposes a three-tiered approach that includes interventions at the policy level (e.g., transparency regulations), the organizational level (e.g., educational programs in schools), and the social level (e.g., peer correction). These interventions target either the platform (e.g., transparency reporting) or the users (e.g., literacy). Ultimately, the interventions collectively reshape the information environment by supporting accurate information and reducing the amount of misinformation.
The Context Window Fallacy in Large Language Models
Authors: Hipólito Inês
Published: September 2024

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into various applications as quasi-search engines raises significant concerns about their impact on misinformation and societal decision-making processes. LLMs are designed to generate text that mimics human speech, often detached from factual reality, which poses risks when used unchecked. Developers and corporations advancing LLM technology argue for enhanced effectiveness through increased context window size and computational power. However, this paper challenges this assertion, arguing that augmenting the context window primarily improves the LLMs' ability to generate human-like narratives rather than enhancing their capacity for real-world decision-making. The paper advocates for a paradigm shift where LLMs move beyond merely sounding human to effectively adjudicating real-world challenges, emphasizing the need for ethical and practical advancements in AI development to mitigate the risks associated with misinformation and naive use of LLMs in critical decision-making processes. Finally, the paper proposes alternative approaches and criteria to address identified limitations; including grounded language models, causal reasoning integration, ethical frameworks, hybrid systems, and interactive learning.
The Effect of Job Pressure and Task Complexity on Performance with Resilience Ability as Moderator
Authors: Yehuda Maxi , Manuel Andre , Imanuel Fransisca
Published: September 2024

Indonesia has moved up to the 33rd position globally in terms of performance competitiveness, compared to the 43rd rank in the previous year. This significant improvement indicates that Indonesia possesses considerable performance competitiveness potential. However, to maintain and further enhance its global competitiveness, it is crucial for the country to focus on the various factors influencing performance. Besides macroeconomic policies and national strategies, companies in Indonesia must develop the capability to effectively engage their employees, fostering a work environment that promotes productivity and growth. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of job pressure and task complexity on performance, with a specific focus on the moderating role of resilience. This study employs Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the assistance of Smart PLS software to analyze the data. The Hair method was used to determine the appropriate sample size, resulting in a study involving 162 respondents from various industries. The research findings reveal several key insights. Firstly, job pressure does not have a direct impact on performance. This suggests that simply increasing job pressure will not necessarily lead to better performance outcomes. On the other hand, task complexity has a direct and significant influence on performance, indicating that employees tend to perform better when engaged in more complex and challenging tasks. Furthermore, the study highlights the critical role of resilience as a moderating factor. Specifically, resilience capacity moderates the relationship between job pressure and performance, as well as the relationship between task complexity and performance. This means that employees with higher resilience are better able to cope with job pressure and handle complex tasks more effectively, ultimately leading to improved performance. The implications of these findings are clear: companies need to focus on enhancing job complexity and strengthening their employees' resilience capabilities if they aim to improve overall performance. By doing so, they can create a more dynamic and productive workforce capable of sustaining high performance levels even in the face of challenges and pressures. This approach not only benefits individual companies but also contributes to the broader goal of maintaining and enhancing Indonesia's global competitiveness.
The Effect Of Person-Job Fit And Person-Organization Fit On Employee Performance With Individual Capacity As Moderation
Authors: Cindy Yonuari  , Septiawan Deni , Marcheline Anes
Published: September 2024

This research was conducted due to a decline in the quality of Indonesia's human resources caused by various factors including poverty and unemployment levels. The quality of human resources in a country is assessed using GTCI or Global Talent Competitiveness Index published by INSEAD every year. Indonesia experienced a significant decline from the measurements carried out by GTCI in the Southeast Asia region. In 2020, Indonesia ranked 65th out of 132nd other countries, while in 2022 it decreased to 82nd out of 133rd countries. Indonesia also ranked as the 6th poorest country in Southeast Asia in 2023. To respond this issue, this study aims to enhance employee performance focused on private sector employees in the Jabodetabek area.. The population in this research were private employees who worked in the Jabodetabek area and the number of samples was determined using the Hair (2011) method with a total of 150 people. The sampling technique in this research is the convenience method with purposive sampling. This method is a sampling technique based on selecting respondents who are readily available or accessible to the researcher while still considering their relevance to the research objectives. This method is employed due to constraints in time and resources, prompting researchers to choose respondents who can be easily contacted or who possess characteristics that align with the research criteria. The study was carried out using questionnaires and a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5. Statistical testing of the research data was assisted by Smart PLS software. The study evaluates person-job fit, person-organization fit, individual capacity, and their impact on employee performance. Data analysis was carried out using multiple regression techniques to test the relationship between the independent variables (person-job fit and person-organization fit), the moderator variable (individual capacity), and the dependent variable (employee performance). The results of this research are that if there is an increase or decrease in PJ fit, PO fit and individual capacity it will influence employee performance, while individual capacity cannot moderate PJ-fit and PO-fit in influencing employee performance. These findings underscore the importance for companies to prioritize enhancing person-job fit, person-organization fit, and individual capacity to foster improved employee performance, thereby addressing the broader challenge of enhancing Indonesia's human resource quality and competitiveness on the global stage.
Pengaruh Harga Dan Kualitas Produk Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Pada Kopi Nako Waisata Cibubur
Authors: Sharon Purba Nico , Asep Maulana
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh harga dan kualitas produk terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen (Studi kasus Caffe Kopi Nako Kota Wisata Cibubur).Adapun Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah konsumen yang pernah berkunjung ke Caffe Kopi Nako Kota Wisata Cibubur.Dengan Sampel sebesar 100 responden rentang usia 15 sampai 25 tahun dipilih menggunakan teknik pengambilan random sampling dengan menggunakan stratified random sampling merupakan pengambilan sampling dengan cara menetapkan kelompok dari tingkatan tertentu.dianalisis dengan alat bantu spss 25,0.Berdasarkan hasil analisis, variabel harga dan kualitas produk berpengaruh signifikan terhadapat keputusan pembelian konsumen. Menunjukkan bahwa besarnya pengaruh variabel harga dan kualitas produk terhadap variabel keputusan pembelian sebesar 0,841 atau sebesar 84,1% dan sisanya 15,9% dijelaskan oleh faktor lain
The Influence of Debt To Equity Ratio and Earning Per Share on Share Prices in Coal Mining Sub-Sector Companies Listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2020-2023
Authors: Ariyani Risma , Hermana Cecep
Published: September 2024

Availability of funds is a component that supports industrial sustainability. Industry can obtain funds easily by offering shares to the public through the capital market. This condition will directly influence activities in the capital market, which in turn influences the amount of demand and supply on the stock exchange and has an impact on share price fluctuations. Low share prices can motivate investors to buy more shares. The average share price in the mining subsector from 2020 to 2021 experienced a significant increase, from 2022 to 2023 there was a significant decrease due to negative sentiment for the coal subsector, where Indonesia's largest coal consumer, one of which is China, reduced demand for Coal exports and Europe reduce demand for coal. The aim of this research is to find out and analyze the influence of the Debt to Equity Ratio on stock prices, to find out Earning Per Share on stock prices, and to find out jointly the effect of Debt to Equity Ratio and Earnings Per Share to share price. The population in this study are coal mining sub-sector companies listed on the IDX. This research uses a quantitative approach with sample determination, namely purposive sampling and obtained 10 companies as research samples over a 4 year period, namely 2020-2023, thus using 40 financial reports. The data analysis method used is multiple regression analysis with partial and simultaneous hypothesis testing using SPSS as data processing. The research results simultaneously state that DER and EPS have an effect on stock prices. Partially, DER has no effect on share prices. EPS influences share prices.
Meningkatkan kinerja karyawan melalui Motivasi , Disiplin dan Sistem Kerja (HPWS)
Authors: Nugroho Dedy
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini adalah untuk dapat membantu memaksimalkan potensi perusahaan agar dapat bersaing dan bertahan melalui kinerja karyawan, serta mengetahui lebih lanjut HPWS dan kaitan pengaruh motivasi dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan. Design penelitian ,data dan metodologi : Dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif , data dikumpulkan dari 56 responden yang merupakan karyawan Snap Fitness dan dianalisis menggunakan PLS (Partial Least Square) – SEM (Structural Equation Modeling). Hasil : Variabel mediasi – HPWS memiliki hubungan rendah antara disiplin kerja , motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan. Kesimpulan : HPWS tidak menjadi faktor utama tetapi tetap dapat membantu untuk proses peningkatan kinerja karyawan.
The Influence Of Business Strategy, Environmental Management, On Competitive Advantage Mediated By Innovation In Eco-Friendly Culinary Umkm In Yogyakarta City
Authors: Finda Perdana Fiara , Sabihaini  , Sutiono Heru Tri
Published: September 2024

This study examines and analyzes the effect of Business Strategy, Environmental Management, on the Competitive Advantage of Eco-friendly Culinary MSMEs mediated by Innovation. The research method uses a quantitative approach with a sample of 122 respondents. The analysis tool uses Smart-PLS. The results in this study indicate that, Business Strategy has a positive and significant effect on Competitive Advantage; Environmental Management has a positive and significant effect on Competitive Advantage; Business Strategy has a positive and significant effect on Innovation; Environmental Management has a positive and significant effect on Innovation; Innovation has a positive and significant effect on Competitive Advantage. Then, Business Strategy has a positive and significant effect on Competitive Advantage mediated by Innovation; and Environmental Management has a positive and significant effect on Competitive Advantage mediated by Innovation. Based on the results of this study, it can be interpreted that the owners and managers of Culinary MSMEs have implemented business strategies that are more efficient and effective to make the latest products and can be enjoyed by consumers of Culinary MSMEs in Yogyakarta City. In addition, MSMEs have also implemented waste management generated from business activities and collaborated with local communities, then also implemented process innovation in an effort to prevent environmental pollution to increase competitive advantage.