bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Culture and individual attitudes towards responsible consumption
Authors: Shah Syed Sibghatullah
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to analyse how cultural and religious values shape individual attitudes towards responsible consumption (RC), with a particular emphasis on contrasting Abrahamic and non-Abrahamic countries. The objective was to find out how adherence to religious beliefs could drive sustainable behaviours as a sure way to achieve sustainable development goals, among them RC and production.

Design/methodology/approach

The research classifies countries into Abrahamic and non-Abrahamic based on data derived from World Values Surveys from 1980 to 2020. To find out the effect of religious and cultural values on RC behaviours, the authors use a logistic regression model by controlling the sociodemographic variables country, denomination and town size.

Findings

The findings determined that in Abrahamic countries, high adherence to religious teachings is strongly correlated with positive RC behaviours. In most non-Abrahamic countries, however, while the strength of the effect of cultural values on RC is somewhat diminished, there is potential for a positive shift insofar as the central doctrines of the respective faiths will be adopted more actively by their adherents.

Research limitations/implications

While this study provides valuable insights into the influence of cultural and religious values on RC, it is limited by its reliance on cross-sectional data, which restricts the ability to infer causality. Future research could benefit from longitudinal studies to track changes over time or experimental designs to test causality more directly. Additionally, the study’s focus on broad religious categories may overlook the nuanced differences within each religious group, suggesting a need for more detailed subgroup analyses.

Practical implications

The practical implications of such findings lie in the fact that marketers have to design campaigns that relate to the cultural and religious ethos of their target audiences. Therefore, marketing strategies locally practised bring effectiveness in running initiatives meant to be taken for sustainable consumption practices, to develop brand loyalty and to support corporate environmental and social responsibility.

Social implications

By aligning consumption practices with religious teachings, communities can foster a collective sense of purpose and ethical responsibility. This alignment not only enhances social cohesion but also supports broader social goals such as environmental sustainability and economic moderation. Moreover, by encouraging values like thrift and stewardship, societies can mitigate the adverse effects of consumerism, such as waste and environmental degradation, thus improving the quality of life and fostering a more sustainable future.

Originality/value

This paper is going to add to the existing literature by identifying how religious teachings can be pivotal for the sustainability of modern times. Its findings provide new insight for policymakers and marketers who are seeking to encourage RC in cultures.
An exploration of the social creation of mental illness
Authors: MacLennan Nigel
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the concept “the social creation of mental illness”, consider whether there is enough research evidence to support the thesis that mental illness can be socially caused, compare the social model to the medical model of the creation of mental illness and explore what may be necessary for the social causation model of mental health to be widely adopted and acted upon.

Design/methodology/approach

This study conducts a literature review seeking to identify the likely candidates for socially caused mental illness and explores whether there was research or other evidence for “the social creation of mental illness”.

Findings

Each area that was examined, from the literature, supported the notion of social factors being linked to, and predictive of, the social creation of mental illness; there appears to be a prima facie case for mental illness being predominantly socially created.

Research limitations/implications

It is one thing to identify risk factors, links with and predictors of mental ill health. It is quite another to prove the chain of causality between particular types of social trauma and the emergence specific mental dysfunctions. In the same way that tobacco was widely known to be dangerous to physical health, yet it took decades to collate enough evidence to persuade physicians and politicians to act, it is likely that it will be some time before the causal link between social factors and emerging mental dysfunction can be demonstrated with enough rigour to encourage politicians and mental health professionals to act. This paper seeks to make a contribution to that process.

Practical implications

If social factors are found to be the primary creators of mental illness, then more appropriate methods of helping those afflicted can be developed.

Social implications

Currently, the mental health system is based on the medical model. Vast and increasing resources are being allocated to mental health, yet the numbers of people disabled by mental health problems continues to increase. It appears that the medical model is false and failing. If the most common causes of mental ill health are social, then more appropriate help can be provided, and preventative measures can be developed.

Originality/value

By laying out some of the evidence that social factors are a primary predictor or cause of mental illness, it is hoped that future researchers can devise mechanisms to identify the causal route between various forms of social harm and the development of mental illness.
Developing an integrated model for remote teaching amelioration with artificial intelligence (AI) awareness
Authors: Zaheer Muhammad Asif
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This research aims to propose a high-performance-based model of remote teaching where trained teachers (those who deliver lectures by using different tools i.e. Microsoft Team, Zoom, etc.) can get the desired results through artificial intelligence (AI) awareness, knowledge sharing and transformational leadership in the future.

Design/methodology/approach

This research is quantitative in nature and convenience sampling is followed to gather data from 307 trained faculty (those who deliver lectures by using different tools i.e. Microsoft Team, Zoom, learning management systems, etc.) from various universities of the federal capital territory (FCT) Islamabad and district Rawalpindi of Punjab province, Pakistan who worked online from home during novel corona lockdown. SmartPLS is used for data analysis and structural equation modeling is performed to test the suggested model.

Findings

Results revealed that AI awareness has a significant positive influence on knowledge sharing but exhibited a negative significant impact on teacher performance. Likewise, knowledge sharing acts as a partial mediator; however, transformational leadership moderates between remote working and knowledge sharing.

Originality/value

During the pandemic, the mode of instruction shifted from physical to online, generating several barriers for teachers who were used to on-campus teaching. This research presented an effective model for knowing the mechanism of possible and reliable implications at educational institutions of developing countries to get the desired outcomes of effective online teaching in calamity situations.
MNE subsidiaries CSR through institutional lens: a review, conceptual mapping and response strategies
Authors: Prakash Vineeth
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The corporate social responsibility (CSR) premise is complicated for an MNE subsidiary operating across a geographically dispersed heterogeneous environment and conceptual literature on MNE subsidiaries’ CSR, a function that makes-or-break legitimacy in the home and host environment, is at best scattered. This paper aims to bridge that gap by reviewing the literature on three levels and plotting all those idiosyncratic counter-institutional forces into a single framework.

Design/methodology/approach

After reviewing the literature on MNE subsidiaries’ CSR through institutional lens, this paper conceived a three-dimensional matrix of institutional force fields and mapped the quadrants with meta-level strategies that subsidiaries can assume. This paper further conceptualizes a linear flow model of subsidiary CSR.

Findings

An MNE subsidiary’s CSR premise could be plotted into a matrix structure of institutional force fields, with subsidiaries assuming strategies to balance these forces. This paper postulate that institutional complexities influence the CSR strategy of a subsidiary, subjected to firm-specific logic. This paper propose that for an MNC subsidiaries CSR, there is a systematic deviation path from Carroll’s hierarchical pyramid model to a need-based pyramidal model.

Originality/value

The three-dimensional force field matrix model with respective strategies that subsidiary could assume is proposed for the first time. The linear flow model of a subsidiary CSR is also new to literature.
When Economic Prowess Is a Liability—Unpredictable Black Swan Events Such as the Financial Crisis and COVID‐19 Pandemic Disrupt Hotel Value Dynamics
Authors: Chen Ying , Capener Don
Published: January 2025

This study examines the relationship between operating efficiency and firm value in the hotel industry during the most recent economic crises: the 2008–2009 financial crisis and the COVID‐19 pandemic. Both were Black Swan events that were difficult or impossible to predict in advance. Using a sample of 161,031 hotel firms from 1991 to 2023, we employ OLS and GLS regression models and seemingly unrelated regression analyses to perform the quantitative analysis. Our findings reveal that operating efficiency generally positively impacts firm value, but this relationship varies significantly depending on the nature of the crisis. During the financial crisis, the positive impact of efficiency on firm value was amplified, particularly for financially more robust hotels. Conversely, during the COVID‐19 pandemic, the efficiency‐value relationship remained stable, with financially more robust hotels experiencing a more pronounced negative impact. These results highlight the need for context‐specific approaches to hotel financial management and valuation during Black Swan events, contributing to the literature on hospitality crisis management and financial performance.
Management of deep neck space infections – an Australian otolaryngology experience
Authors: Asairinachan Ashwinna , Santucci Walter , Kwok Matthew M. K. , Walsh Patrick , Michael Philip
Published: January 2025

Background

Deep neck space infections (DNSI) are common, potentially life‐threatening presentations in otolaryngology. Treatment is often based on the severity of presenting symptoms and surgeon preference. This study aims to evaluate the presentation and predictors of complications in patients presenting with DNSI at an Australian Otolaryngology referral centre.

Method

A retrospective review was conducted for all patients admitted under the Otolaryngology Unit with a DNSI between 2015 and 2020. Patient demographics, presentation, treatment and outcomes were recorded. Factors predictive of surgical intervention and complications were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

A total of 422 patients were identified. The majority were peritonsillar abscesses (n = 323, 76.5%). The most common management was incision and drainage under local anaesthetic (n = 272, 64.4%). A non‐surgical approach was generally less successful for multispace and parapharyngeal abscesses. A median age of 48 years was significantly associated with a complication at presentation in both the peritonsillar abscess and non‐peritonsillar abscess group on multivariate analysis (P = <0.001) and P = 0.048, respectively. In the non‐peritonsillar abscess group, an elevated CRP at a median of 196 and 180 mg/L were predictive of a complication at admission and following initial treatment, respectively. Patients with multispace abscesses and presenting with dysphagia are more likely to experience a complication after initial treatment, P < 0.00001 and P = 0.031, respectively.

Conclusion

Understanding predictors of complications in patients presenting with DNSI will ensure timely, aggressive treatment upfront to minimize potential morbidity and mortality. Surgeons should maintain a close index of suspicion for complications in those with multispace abscesses.
Carbapenems in the management of valproic acid overdose (MPT‐01166‐24 R1)
Authors: Juurlink David N.
Published: January 2025

Severe valproic acid (VPA) overdose is characterized by coma (sometimes with cerebral oedema), respiratory depression, hypotension and metabolic abnormalities. Traditional management of VPA poisoning has been limited to gastrointestinal decontamination, L‐carnitine supplementation and, in severe cases, haemodialysis. Recently, interest has developed in the use of carbapenem antibiotics as an adjunctive therapy in patients with severe VPA poisoning. Carbapenems inhibit acylpeptide hydrolase, the enzyme responsible for reconstituting VPA from VPA‐glucuronide, and transiently promote distribution of VPA into erythrocytes. In patients receiving VPA therapeutically, carbapenems lower VPA concentrations abruptly, dramatically, and for a sustained period. This article discusses the possibility of exploiting this pharmacokinetic drug–drug interaction in patients with or at risk of severe VPA poisoning.
A qualitative and quantitative study of radical pro‐environmental social change as anticipated future loss and threat: A gender perspective
Authors: Avery Robert A. T. , Korichi Asma , Vagli Catheline , Chkroun Hugo Jean Elie , Seefeld Florian Raphaël , Kaiser Isabella , Giaccari Kenzo , Defauw Lucie , Brey Lucien , Glardon Nelson , Ajani Noah , Sorgius Tom , Butera Fabrizio
Published: January 2025

Degrowth‐oriented climate change mitigation policies offer inspiring possibilities for future societies. However, they require radical change to individual and collective behaviours; and research has not yet fully addressed how people may anticipate future loss and threat when confronted with such policies. This study proposes a twofold examination of anticipated reactions to pro‐environmental degrowth‐oriented minority influence. First, we conducted a qualitative study of 21 semi‐structured interviews. Both thematic analysis and consensual approach methodologies were adopted to explore emerging trends in the perception of a minority call to reduce human overpopulation, consumption of natural resources, and infrastructural incursions into nature. Results revealed three recurring themes: loss of individual freedom, fear of extremism, and loss of comfort. Second, a quantitative study (N = 488) followed up these results by testing the hypothesis that anticipated loss would be associated to a gendered perception of threat. In line with our conjecture regarding the relationship between policy change, status quo preservation, and gender, moderation analysis showed that men reported more threat than women, the more perceptions of degrowth‐oriented policies were anticipated as a loss. Implications for a future‐forming approach of research and policy making are discussed considering perceiving radical pro‐environmental change as a threatening loss.
The local effects of the first Golden Age of Globalization: Evidence from American ports, 1870–1900
Authors: Chan Jeff
Published: January 2025

This paper uses digitized US trade flows data at the customs district level from 1870 to 1900 to investigate whether trade shocks had an effect on the size and composition of the population of US ports and on their economic activity. I find that trade increased the population of districts, driven principally by growth in urban populations, and that manufacturing activity also increased. However, these results dissipate rapidly with distance: counties adjacent to ports do not see similar gains from trade booms at nearby ports. My results imply that trade was a contributing factor in the structural transformation of America's economy.
Parent–Child Online Interaction and the Well‐Being of Children in Rural China: The Effects of Family Social Capital and Parental Migration
Authors: Zhou Qiushi , Chen Mengtong , Liang Jiachen , Chen Qiqi , Li Hongduo
Published: January 2025

Existing empirical evidence supports the close relationships between parent–child interactions and child well‐being outcomes. Internet and mobile phone–mediated communication has facilitated interaction between children and their family members, which can be related to increased family social capital for the welfare of children. The objectives of the present study were to examine the associations between parental–child online interactions, family social capital and child well‐being in rural China and to investigate the moderating role of parental migration in these associations. A sample of 1384 secondary school students (47.6% girls, mean age = 14.14 years) participated in the survey and answered questions about their interaction with parents, family structure and relationships and well‐being. A series of regression analyses showed that parent–child online interactions were positively associated with child well‐being by increasing children's family social capital at three parental migration patterns. Furthermore, there is no significant difference in the moderating mediating effect between non–left‐behind children and children whose one parent migrated. The findings provide evidence for the potential beneficial effects of parent–child online interactions on child well‐being and have implications for policies and practices that support the use of the Internet and mobile devices among children living in disadvantaged situations.
Assessment of Child Care Institutions in India: Perspectives from Children Who Have Transitioned From Institutions
Authors: Wanglar Evergreat
Published: January 2025

This study focused on assessing the former residents' perspectives of the quality of care provided in child care institution in India, particularly those rehabilitated from the facilities in the Manipur region. With a large share of the world's children population, India takes up the responsibility of bringing care to millions of children who are orphaned or destitute. The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection) Act sets standards for protection of the welfare of children in institutional care; however, concerns of poor care quality as well as abuse and trafficking continue to be raised. The methodology applied in this study uses a qualitative technique with a fundamental interpretative design to explore the lived experiences of children who have exited these institutions. Findings from the study illuminate large discrepancies between children's need for independence and their ability to thrive independently after care, including insufficient post care preparation, inconsistent levels of emotional support, and meagre educational and skill building opportunities. These findings contrast previous studies that tend to focus on pervasive structural and regulatory shortcomings in child care institutions, while neglecting to consider the relational lived experiences of children in the aftermath of institutional care. This study stresses the need for a thorough nurturing approach to care that not only supplies children with the practical essentials to live independently but additionally handles their emotional needs. As such, this study provides important recommendations for governments, child welfare practitioners and organizations that wish to improve the institutional care and the long‐term trajectories of children leaving care.
Factors Associated With Balance and Fear of Falling in Patients With Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: A Controlled Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Baday‐Keskin Dilek , Taş Mustafa Burak , Bayar‐Muluk Nuray
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The aim of this study is to evaluate the factors influencing balance and fear of falling (FOF) in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).

Design

A controlled cross‐sectional study.

Setting

Single center study.

Methods

A total of 31 patients with BPPV and 30 controls were included in this cross‐sectional study. The handgrip strength (HGS) was measured using the Jamar hydraulic hand dynamometer. Ultrasound measurements of muscle thickness (MT) of the biceps brachii, medial head of gastrocnemius, and lateral head of gastrocnemius were recorded. MT/body mass index was calculated. FOF was assessed using the Falls Efficacy Scale (FES). The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) was used to assess the participants' balance. The timed up and go test (TUG) was used to evaluate physical function. The video head impulse test (VHIT) was used to evaluate the semicircular canals.

Results

The FES scores and TUG duration were higher and the BBS scores were lower in patients with BPPV compared with the control group (p < 0.001). Univariate analysis showed that dominant HGS (B = −1.380, p = 0.012), BMI (B = 2.391, p = 0.011), and female gender (B = 18.369, p = 0.036) were associated factors for the FES in patients with BPPV. Age (B = −0.239, p < 0.001), dominant HGS (B = 0.441, p < 0.001), BMI (B = −0.503, p = 0.032) and R ASC (B = −12.601, p = 0.006) were associated variables for the BBS. Age was an associated factor for the TUG (B = 0.158, p = 0.017).

Conclusion

Lower HGS, higher BMI and female gender were associated factors for greater FOF in patients with BPPV. Clinicians should be aware of risk factors and educate patients regarding balance and FOF.
Implications for Humanitarian‐Development‐Peace Nexus (HDPN) implementation in forced migration context: A collaborative governance approach
Authors: Cho J. M. , Ju Minji , Cha Hyun Jung , Kang Minah
Published: January 2025

Motivation

The Humanitarian‐Development‐Peace Nexus (HDPN) approach emphasizes the importance of collaboration. However, there is little exploration of HDPN from a collaborative governance perspective.

Purpose

This study aims to analyse how the HDPN approach is applied in settings of forced migration and evaluate the application of Emerson et al.'s (2012) Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance in these contexts. The focus is on how the four components of collaborative governance are covered in HDPN settings.

Approaches and Methods

The study examines 12 empirical HDPN studies in situations of forced migration. It uses the Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance to evaluate the components of principled engagement, shared motivation, capacity for joint action and impact/adaptation.

Findings

The findings indicate that the framework is suitable for and relevant to the HDPN approach. Collaborative governance is shown to be necessary to improve cross‐sectoral co‐ordination, deal with complex and protracted crises, and achieve collective outcomes. The study also identified knowledge gaps and difficulties in implementing collaborative governance within HDPN.

Policy Implications

The study sets the groundwork for future research to develop comprehensive guidelines and best practices to implement the HDPN approach. It highlights the need for collaborative governance to improve the effectiveness of the HDPN approach in addressing the challenges of forced migration.
Understanding the Needs of Young and Middle‐Aged Chinese People Who Have Experienced a Stroke Who Have Not Successfully Returned to Work: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Liu Ziwei , Liu Shu , Shi Jiaxing , Yang Yanming , Zhong Yuan , Li Jiaxin
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The study aims to understand the return to work (RTW) needs of young and middle‐aged people who have experienced a stroke and to contribute to the development of supportive RTW services.

Design

A qualitative study employing the phenomenological method.

Participants

Eleven young and middle‐aged people who have experienced a stroke participated in the study.

Methods

Semi‐structured in‐depth interviews were conducted and analysed using Colaizzi's 7‐step method to identify and categorize the RTW needs of participants.

Results

The analysis delineated four overarching thematic categories of RTW needs among the participants: self‐management needs, emphasizing the regulation of symptoms, health maintenance and recovery planning; social support needs, highlighting the significance of workplace accommodations, professional medical guidance, and emotional encouragement from companions and family; the need for information related to returning to work, which includes accessing resources on rehabilitation opportunities, labour rights and professional consultation services; and personal development needs, focusing on fostering self‐worth, identifying growth opportunities and acquiring new skills to adapt to changing professional demands.

Conclusion

The diverse and comprehensive needs of young and middle‐aged people who have experienced a stroke underscore the importance of multifaceted support from healthcare professionals. This support should encompass medical, psychological, informational and skill‐development aspects and should involve enhanced communication and collaboration with relevant stakeholders to facilitate a successful RTW.

Patient or Public Contribution

This study was designed without direct involvement from patients or the public in the development of the research question, the design of the study, or the conduct of the research. This decision was informed by the specific focus on qualitative experiences and perceptions of stroke survivors regarding their RTW journey, which relied heavily on personal narratives and subjective accounts collected through individual interviews. However, the insights gained from these narratives have been crucial in shaping the research outcomes, emphasizing the patient‐centred approach to understanding RTW barriers and facilitators.

Reporting Method

This study followed the SRQR checklist for qualitative studies as its reporting method.
Rationing of nursing care in a developing country: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Torun Kılıç Çiğdem , Özsaban Aysel , Bayram Aysun , Altuntaş Emel
Published: January 2025

Aim

This study aimed to determine the effect of nurses’ work environment, individual and work schedule features on the rationing of nursing care.

Introduction

Rationing of nursing care is a concern in healthcare settings worldwide, as it is associated with negative outcomes for both patients and nursing staff.

Background

Little is known about the precursors of rationing of nursing care in developing countries.

Methods

This descriptive, correlational and cross‐sectional study was conducted with 405 nurses in Türkiye. Data were collected Nurse Information Form, Basel Extent of Rationing of Nursing Care‐R and Nursing Work Index–The Practice Work Environment Scale. The study was reported following the STROBE and RANCARE guideline.

Results

Nurses’ mean rationing of nursing care score was 1.58 ± 0.59, and the mean work environment perception score was 2.58 ± 0.47, with no statistically significant relationship between the scale scores. However, working ward, working hours and working schedule significantly affected the total rationing of nursing care scores.

Discussion

In this study, contrary to the literature, no relationship was found between the rationing of nursing care and the perception of the work environment. Supporting the literature, nurses' individual/work schedule features affected the rationing of nursing care.

Conclusion

Improving nurses’ work schedule features and nurse staffing may help reduce the rationing of nursing care.

Implications for nursing and health policy

This study emphasised the importance of nurses’ work schedule features and nurse staffing in the rationing of nursing care. The data from this study can guide nurse managers in identifying factors related to work schedules that may affect the rationing of nursing care and strategies to follow to make the necessary improvements.
Nurses’ preparedness for disasters: Perceptions and levels of psychological resilience
Authors: Batı Şeyda , Çelikkalp Ülfiye
Published: January 2025

Aim

This study investigates the relationship between nurses’ disaster preparedness, the factors influencing it, and nurses’ psychological resilience.

Background

The International Council of Nursing considers disaster preparedness and response to be essential qualifications for nurses. Nurses’ resilience levels have a significant impact on their professional behavior under challenging circumstances, such as disasters, resulting in improved patient care and satisfaction.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study involved 400 nurses employed at secondary and tertiary healthcare institutions in a city in Turkey. Data were collected through face‐to‐face interviews using a descriptive questionnaire, the nurses’ perception of disaster preparedness scale (NP‐DPS), and the Connor–Davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC).

Results

Participants’ average age was 32.29 ± 7.12 years, and 75.3% were female. The average total score on the NP‐DPS was 78.64 ± 9.47, with notably lower scores observed in the intervention subscale. Nurses with higher education levels, prior disaster training and experience, a sense of preparedness for disasters, and a passion for their profession had significantly higher average scores (p < 0.05). The results indicate that the nurses’ psychological resilience was at a moderate level, and disaster preparedness was identified as the most significant predictor (R2 = 0.214, p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion

Nurses’ disaster preparedness is influenced by their education level, disaster training, previous volunteer experience in disasters, passion for the profession, and psychological resilience. Healthcare administrators can enhance nurses’ disaster preparedness by providing targeted support and resources.

Implications for nursing policy

The results highlight the need for national policies that integrate nurses’ professional competencies and resilience for effective disaster responses and emphasize the importance of disaster preparedness training programs for nurses. Managers play a crucial role in implementing these national and international policies.
Respectful Maternity Care in the United States: A Scoping Review of the Research and Birthing People's Experiences
Authors: Cayama Morgan Richardson , Vamos Cheryl A. , Harris Nicole L. , Logan Rachel G. , Howard Allison , Daley Ellen M.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Birthing people around the world experience mistreatment during labor and birth, contributing to adverse maternal health outcomes. The adoption of respectful maternity care (RMC) has been recommended to address this mistreatment and improve care quality. Most RMC and mistreatment research has been conducted internationally. The purpose of this scoping review was to (1) explore the extent of RMC research and (2) describe labor and birth experiences in the United States.

Methods

Embase, Scopus, and CINAHL databases were searched for concepts relating to RMC and mistreatment. A total of 66 studies met review inclusion criteria. Two reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full‐text articles. Data were extracted and categorized using the Bohren et al typology of mistreatment. Summary statistics and narrative summaries were used to describe study characteristics and birthing people's experiences.

Results

Most studies represented national or urban samples and Western or Northeastern US regions. Few were from the South, and only one represented rural participants specifically. Few studies represented the unique experiences of justice‐involved birthing people, and none represented sexual and gender minorities or Indigenous people. Qualitative methods were predominant. The most common forms of mistreatment included (1) poor rapport between women and health care providers (88% of studies), (2) stigma and discrimination (79%), and (3) a failure to meet professional standards of care (73%).

Discussion

The extent of mistreatment in the United States highlights the need for robust programs and policies targeting provision of RMC. Additional research is needed to better understand the experiences of additional minority communities and those living rural areas and in the Southern United States.
Intergenerational Relationships and Their Impact on Social Resilience Amongst Arab Society Elderly Populations: A Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Badawy Walaa , Shaban Mostafa
Published: January 2025

Aim

To explore the impact of intergenerational relationships on the social resilience of elderly populations in Arab societies. Additionally, the study aimed to identify the factors that influence the quality of these relationships and their role in enhancing or diminishing the resilience of older adults.

Design

A qualitative study.

Method

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted between June and July 2024 with 12 elderly participants from urban and semi‐urban communities in Al‐Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Data were analysed using both deductive framework analysis, guided by social support theory, and inductive thematic analysis to identify key themes related to intergenerational relationships and social resilience.

Results

The study involved 12 participants aged 61–85 years (average age of 72 years), with a mix of educational backgrounds and living arrangements. Strong intergenerational ties were found to significantly enhance social resilience by providing emotional support and a sense of security. Participants in multi‐generational households reported more positive outcomes compared to those with less frequent family contact. However, generational differences and modern‐life pressures posed challenges to maintaining these relationships.

Conclusion

The findings underscore the importance of fostering strong intergenerational relationships to support the social resilience of elderly populations in Arab societies. Future research should explore interventions that bridge generational gaps and strengthen family ties, particularly in the context of evolving social structures.

Implication for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Healthcare practitioners and policymakers should consider the role of intergenerational relationships when designing interventions aimed at improving the well‐being and resilience of older adults in a culturally sensitive approaches.

Reporting Method

The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ).

Patient or Public Contribution

The engagement and interview data from elderly participants provided valuable insights into the dynamics of intergenerational relationships and their impact on social resilience.
Customised Convolutional Neural Network With Transfer Learning for Multi‐Nutrient Deficiency Identification With Pattern and Deep Features in Paddy Image
Authors: Kavitha S , Chinnaiah Kotadi
Published: January 2025

Multi‐nutrient deficiency in crops, involving a shortage of essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, impacts plant growing and yield. Accurate recognition is vital for effective nutrient management and maximising productivity. Identification techniques include extractive methods that analyse symptoms and abstractive methods that generate insights from data, with hybrid approaches aiming to improve the accuracy. However, challenges remain in maintaining diagnostic consistency and so forth. Continuous improvements are necessary to better integrate and interpret complex data for more accurate nutrient deficiency identification. To tackle these challenges, this research proposes the customised convolutional neural network‐transfer learning (CCNN‐TL) model for identifying multi‐nutrient deficiencies in paddy leaves. This model includes several key phases: image preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, data augmentation and identification. Initially, the paddy leaf images undergo preprocessing using the improved Wiener filtering (IWF) technique. Next, the modified U‐Net model is proposed for segmenting the preprocessed images. In the feature extraction phase, relevant features are identified from the segmented images. These features are then augmented through the data augmentation process. Finally, the CCNN‐TL model is used for multi‐nutrient deficiency identification. The model's effectiveness is demonstrated through comprehensive simulations and experimental evaluations. These evaluations showcase its enhanced performance, with improved accuracy, precision and specificity compared to traditional methods. The CCNN‐TL scheme attained the greatest accuracy of 0.982, precision of 0.975 and F‐measure of 0.973. The Nutrient‐Deficiency‐Symptoms‐in‐Rice dataset was employed for simulations and analysis, ensuring a solid foundation for the evaluations.
Unraveling the Bryocladia scopulorum complex from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean with the description of three new species of Bryocladia (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Jhullyrson Osman Ferreira de Brito  , Cassano Valéria
Published: January 2025

The filamentous red algal genus Bryocladia was recently deeply revised based on molecular and morphological data. However, data from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean are scarce. Here, we provide a phylogenetic study of Bryocladia representatives from the Brazilian coast with new additions to the genus. Our samples were collected from the north to southeastern Brazilian coast in marine and estuarine areas. We carried out a morphological and molecular study based on COI‐5P and rbcL gene sequences. Our phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of seven species on the Brazilian coast, four of which were previously known: B. cuspidata, B. subtilissima, B. thyrsigera, and B. villum. Three new species are described here, B. itaipensis sp. nov., B. oceanica sp. nov., and B. mucuripensis sp. nov., all morphologically included in the B. scopulorum complex. Bryocladia subtilissima was observed only in Brazilian estuarine areas. However, it was split into two subclades, which require further investigation. The three new species expand the known diversity of the B. scopulorum complex from 12 to 15 species. Bryocladia itaipensis is closely related to B. canariensis and B. caespitosa, whereas B. oceanica and B. mucuripensis formed distinct lineages with unsolved relationships. All new species are restricted to their type localities in Brazilian waters, reinforcing the need for further study of tiny species, especially from the tribes Polysiphonieae and Streblocladieae.
Compartmental location of middle ear inflammatory polyps in cats: 9 cases (2021‐2023)
Authors: Bohin C. , Garcia M. , Bertinot C. , Graille M. , Bernardé A.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To report the compartmental location of feline aural inflammatory polyps within the tympanic bulla.

Materials and Methods

Nine client‐owned cats with clinical signs and middle ear filling consistent with feline aural inflammatory polyps were prospectively pre‐selected and underwent unilateral or bilateral ventral bulla osteotomy. Preoperative and surgical findings, complications and outcomes were recorded. Tissues obtained from the ventromedial compartment and from the dorsolateral compartment of the tympanic bulla were submitted separately for histological examination. Definitively selected cats were those having feline aural inflammatory polyps in at least one compartment of their operated tympanic bulla.

Results

Ten ventral bulla osteotomies were performed on nine cats. Feline aural inflammatory polyps were histologically diagnosed in both compartments of all tympanic bullas. There were no intraoperative complications. Apart from Horner's syndrome on the ipsilateral eye following surgeries, post‐operative complications were rare. This is the first study that documents the presence of feline aural inflammatory polyps in both compartments of the tympanic bulla in all cats with aural involvement.

Clinical Significance

Should a complete excision of feline aural inflammatory polyps be desired, complete debridement of both compartments of the tympanic bulla is required. Traction‐avulsion techniques using approaches of tympanic bulla with no visit of the ventromedial compartment may not completely resolve the condition.
Legacies from early‐season hot drought: how growth cessation alters tree water dynamics and modifies stress responses in Scots pine
Authors: Ruehr N. K. , Nadal‐Sala D.
Published: January 2025

Tree responses to drought are well studied, but the interacting effects of drought timing on growth, water use, and stress legacy are less understood. We investigated how a widespread conifer, Scots pine, responded to hot droughts early or late in the growing season, or to both.

We measured sap flux, stem growth, needle elongation, and leaf water potential (Ψleaf) to assess the impacts of stress timing on drought resilience in Scots pine saplings.

The early summer hot drought had peak temperatures of 36.5 °C, while the late summer hot drought peaked at 38.2 °C. Soil water content during both periods declined to ca. 50% of control values. The early‐season hot drought caused growth cessation already at Ψleaf − 1.1 MPa, visible as an almost 30 days earlier end to needle elongation, resulting in needles 2.7 cm shorter, on average. This reduction in leaf area decreased productivity, resulting in a reduction of 50% in seasonal transpiration. However, the reduced water use of early‐stressed saplings appeared to enhance resistance to a late‐season drought, as reflected in a smaller decline in Ψleaf and lower tree water deficit compared to saplings that did not experience early‐season stress.

In summary, we observed persistant drought legacy effects from early‐season hot‐drought stress, as evident in a 35% reduction of leaf area, which impacted tree water use, stress resistance, and productivity. These structural adjustments of leaf development and reduced bud mass from early‐season stress could be critical in evergreen conifers, whose long‐lived foliage influences future water use and growth potential.
Synergistic effects of temperature and light on photoprotection in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Authors: Giossi Chiara E. , Bitnel Dila B. , Wünsch Marie A. , Kroth Peter G. , Lepetit Bernard
Published: January 2025

Diatoms dominate phytoplankton communities in turbulent waters, where light fluctuations can be frequent and intense. Due to this complex environment, these heterokont microalgae display remarkable photoprotection strategies, including a fast Non‐Photochemical Quenching (NPQ). However, in nature, several abiotic parameters (such as temperature) can influence the response of photosynthetic organisms to light stress in a synergistic or antagonistic manner. Yet, the combined effects of light and these other drivers on the photosynthetic and photoprotective capacity of diatoms are still poorly understood. In this work, we investigated the impact of short‐term temperature and light stress on the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, combining NPQ induction‐recovery assays or light curves with a broad gradient of superimposed temperature treatments (5 to 35°C). We employed mutant lines deficient in NPQ generation (vde KO) or recovery (zep3 KO) and wild type. We found that temperature and light have a synergistic effect: lower temperatures limited both the photosynthetic capacity and NPQ, while the general photophysiological performance was enhanced with warming, up to a heat‐stress limit (above 30°C). We discuss the temperature effects on NPQ induction and recovery and propose that these are independent from the energy requirements of the cells and result from altered xanthophyll cycle dynamics. Namely, we found that de‐epoxidation activity strongly increases with temperature, outweighing epoxidation and resulting in a positive increase of NPQ with temperature. Finally, we propose that in a short‐term time frame, temperature and light have a synergistic and not antagonistic effect, with a positive relationship between increasing temperature and NPQ.
Phenotyping and metabolomics insights into the effect of melatonin in lettuce under non‐stress and salinity conditions
Authors: Secomandi Elena , Senizza Biancamaria , De Gregorio Marco Armando , Miras‐Moreno Begona , Rivero Rosa Maria , Garcia‐Perez Pascual , Lucini Luigi
Published: January 2025

Melatonin (MLT) is an indole derivative that exhibits hormone‐like activities in plants, regulating multiple aspects of growth and development. Due to its role in mitigating oxidative stress and facilitating osmoprotectant accumulation, MLT enhances abiotic stress tolerance, although the pathways and metabolic mechanisms involved remain unclear despite being studied in various crops. This work aimed to investigate the changes elicited by the exogenous MLT application at different concentrations (10, 50, 150 μM) and its role in mitigating the salinity stress in Lactuca sativa L. through metabolomics and phenotyping approaches. Our results clearly indicated that MLT increases photosynthetic efficiency at high dosage (150 μM) at either early or late salinity stress conditions (p < 0.01). Untargeted metabolomics provided insight into the significant effect of salinity and MLT (p < 0.01 in both cases, according to multivariate chemometrics), mediated by a broad reprogramming involving secondary metabolism, phytohormones, fatty acids and amino acids biosynthesis. In detail, 150 μM MLT induced an adjustment of the phytohormones profile to reduce the salinity‐induced damages. Our findings support the well‐known potential of melatonin in alleviating salinity stress. These findings address existing challenges in studying the molecular effects of MLT in mitigating abiotic stress, providing insights into the biochemical pathways that drive its effectiveness. In this sense, further research is acknowledged to provide a multidisciplinary high throughput perspective leading to its exploitation in a wide range of crops of agricultural and economic importance.
Damage Response Analysis Combined With Machine Learning to Investigate the Effect of Frequency on the Impact-Sliding Fretting Corrosion Behavior of Inconel 690 Alloy
Authors: Xiong Hailong , Wang Guoping , Yin Meigui
Published: January 2025

Inconel 690 alloys have been widely applied in the manufacturing of steam generator tubes for pressurized water reactors at nuclear power station. However, complicated impact-sliding fretting corrosion behavior always accompanies its entire service period. This study, which is based on experimental research and numerical analysis methods, investigates the effect of impact frequency on the impact-sliding fretting corrosion behavior of Inconel 690 alloy tubes. Then, machine learning is applied to predict the evolution law of the degree of damage. The results show that different impact frequencies do not affect the damage failure mechanism of the impact-sliding fretted alloy tube surface. However, an increase in impact frequency will lead to a more severe degree of damage. The corresponding maximum wear depths of the 5-, 10-, and 15-Hz impact frequencies caused by the impact-sliding fretting wear scars were approximately 6.630, 11.105, and 14.485 μm, respectively. The corresponding wear volume increased from approximately 3.626 × 104 μm3 to 6.325 × 104 μm3 and 8.395 × 104 μm3. Furthermore, machine learning modeling demonstrates perfect robustness and precision in predicting the damage evolution rule of the impact-sliding fretting corrosion behavior of an alloy tube.