bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HGC: Hypergraph‐based dynamic stable clustering scheme model for vehicular ad‐hoc networks (VANETs)
Authors: Kumar Parveen , Dahiya Pawan Kumar , Singh Bijay Kumar
Published: December 2021

Vehicular ad‐hoc network (VANET) is the unstructured evolving conception of a wireless network; clustering in these networks is perplexing due to continuously varying topology and recurrent disconnection in networks. The cluster head (CH) stability plays a noticeable role in robustness and scalability in the network. The author designs a model that includes cluster generation and maintenance. The cluster formation is conceived on the notion that the changes that are brought about due to the vehicle's speed are inevitable. A directed hypergraph approach is used to comprehend this problem, and then, based on the spectral clustering through tensor trace maximization, an optimal number of the cluster is formed. The centers of these clusters are used to place the auxiliary facilities that aid cluster maintenance. In the maintenance phase, the author has envisioned a CH selection method based on a summed amalgamation of three metrics: link lifetime, cooperative connectivity level, and relative cooperative speed superimposed on the vehicular hypergraph network to design the metric for choosing a stable CH. The proposed scheme is tested on the old Delhi area that includes a market area with urban inclusion. Also, the area is highly crowded as being the marketplace. The region also has a tourist attraction as being part of the heritage of Delhi. The traffic density and the variety are high in peak hours—a complete analysis of the different vehicular mobility and routing analysis. The analysis done through microscopic and macroscopic parameters has projected significant improvement in the CH stability and a promising solution for dynamic networks.
A hybrid spectrum access approach for efficient channel allocation and power control in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Kumar Dhurandher Sanjay , Kumar Bhoopendra
Published: December 2021

Radio spectrum is the backbone for wireless communication. Many recent studies show that most of the available spectrum has already been allocated. Cognitive radio (CR) provides a new dimension in the field of wireless communication and is considered as a life line for the spectrum scarcity problem as seen all around the world nowadays. CR enables the use of dynamic spectrum access, where secondary users (SUs) or unlicensed users are allowed to opportunistically use the spectrum when it is not being used by the primary users (PUs) or licensed users. Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols use the sensing capability and the primary users behavior to generate the transmission opportunities for SUs. This article proposes two Markov based hybrid access methods namely Hybrid‐P1 and Hybrid‐P2, where a secondary user (SU) dynamically decides it's transmission mode between overlay and underlay depending upon the primary users's (PU's) past and present behavior. Analytical results based on the Markov chain concept are very encouraging and verified through OMNeT++ simulator. This work also analyses the performance ofoverlay onlyandunderlay onlymethods, which are well known data transmission techniques in the cognitive radio networks (CRNs). Simulation results show the 47% and 59% performance improvement in Hybrid‐P1 access method, when compared to theoverlay onlyandunderlay onlyaccess methods respectively. Furthermore simulation results also show the 54% and 65% performance improvement in Hybrid‐P2 access method, when compared to theoverlay onlyandunderlay onlyaccess methods respectively.
Assessing temporal biases across aggregated historical spatial data: a case study of North Carolina’s freshwater fishes
Authors: Sigler Kyra , Warren Dan , Tracy Bryn , Forrestel Elisabeth , Hogue Gabriela , Dornburg Alex
Published: December 2021

Historical records from museums or government agencies are of tremendous utility for illuminating the factors that shape the spatial distribution of the planet’s biodiversity. However, these data were often collected under heterogeneous and opportunistic sampling designs and therefore likely contain significant sampling biases that change over time. Understanding historical biases is particularly important for aquatic vertebrates, where no studies of changes in sampling effort have yet been conducted. Here, we use a dataset of 276,138 records that span all freshwater fishes known to occur in North Carolina as a case study from which to highlight major shifts in collection trends that cause sample biases in datasets that aggregate historical records. We found evidence for three distinct phases of sampling over the last two centuries: (1) early sampling in the late 19th and early 20th century that was largely dominated by the research interests of a few “mega‐collectors”; (2) a mid‐20th century shift toward more widespread sampling; and (3) a major surge of sampling that corresponds to the rise of major environmental movements. We find each period possesses distinct phylogenetic and spatial biases. Moreover, these phases mirror trends in other spatial datasets that aggregate historical records spanning plants to terrestrial vertebrates, thereby suggesting that historical contingency and a temporal bias toward recent records are likely hallmarks of compiled historical datasets. Given that the pace of spatial data sampling continues to grow, our results strongly caution that the continued development of new models and methods to mitigate against bias‐driven statistical artifacts will be critical to effectively harnessing the power of historical data.
Microglial depletion abolishes ischemic preconditioning in white matter
Authors: Hamner Margaret A. , McDonough Ashley , Gong Davin C. , Todd Levi J. , Rojas German , Hodecker Sibylle , Ransom Christopher B. , Reh Thomas A. , Ransom Bruce R. , Weinstein Jonathan R.
Published: December 2021

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a phenomenon whereby a brief, non‐injurious ischemic exposure enhances tolerance to a subsequent ischemic challenge. The mechanism of IPC has mainly been studied in rodent stroke models where gray matter (GM) constitutes about 85% of the cerebrum. In humans, white matter (WM) is 50% of cerebral volume and is a critical component of stroke damage. We developed a novel CNS WM IPC model using the mouse optic nerve (MON) and identified the involved immune signaling pathways. Here we tested the hypothesis that microglia are necessary for WM IPC. Microglia were depleted by treatment with the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor PLX5622. MONs were exposed to transient ischemia in vivo, acutely isolated 72 h later, and subjected to oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) to simulate a severe ischemic injury (i.e., stroke). Functional and structural axonal recovery was assessed by recording compound action potentials (CAPs) and by microscopy using quantitative stereology. Microglia depletion eliminated IPC‐mediated protection. In control mice, CAP recovery was improved in preconditioned MONs compared with non‐preconditioned MONs, however, in PLX5622‐treated mice, we observed no difference in CAP recovery between preconditioned and non‐preconditioned MONs. Microgliadepletion also abolished IPC protective effects on axonal integrity and survival of mature (APC+) oligodendrocytes after OGD. IPC‐mediated protection was independent of retinal injury suggesting it results from mechanistic processes intrinsic to ischemia‐exposed WM. We conclude that preconditioned microglia are critical for IPC in WM. The “preconditioned microglia” phenotype might protect against other CNS pathologies and is a neurotherapeutic horizon worth exploring.
Traumatic life experiences and post‐traumatic stress symptoms in middle‐aged and older adults with and without autistic traits
Authors: Stewart Gavin R. , Corbett Anne , Ballard Clive , Creese Byron , Aarsland Dag , Hampshire Adam , Charlton Rebecca A. , Happé Francesca
Published: December 2021

Objectives

Research with younger adults has begun to explore associations between autism/autistic traits and vulnerability to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Large scale studies and/or examination of age‐effects have not been conducted.

Methods

Adults aged 50 years+ from the PROTECT study (n = 20,220) completed items about current and childhood socio‐communicative difficulties characteristic of autism. Approximately 1% (n = 251) endorsed high autistic traits, henceforth the Autism Spectrum Traits (AST) group. Differences between the AST and an age—and sex‐matched “Comparison Older Adults” (COA; n = 9179) group were explored for lifetime traumatic experiences and current symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety.

Results

Almost 30% of the AST group, compared to less than 8% of the COA, reported severe trauma in childhood/adulthood, including emotional, physical or sexual abuse. Elevated current PTSD symptoms were reported by AST compared to COA. An interaction was observed between autistic traits and trauma severity; the effect of level of trauma on PTSD symptoms was significantly greater for AST versus COA participants. This interaction remained significant when controlling for current depression and anxiety symptoms.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that high autistic traits may increase the likelihood of experiencing trauma across the lifespan, and the impact of severe trauma on PTSD symptoms. Older adults with high (vs. low) autistic traits may be at greater risk of experiencing PTSD symptoms in latter life. Future research should test whether the pattern of results is similar for diagnosed autistic adults.
Resection of the internal carotid artery in selected patients affected by cancer of the skull base
Authors: Ferrari Marco , Zanoletti Elisabetta , Taboni Stefano , Cazzador Diego , Tealdo Giulia , Schreiber Alberto , Mattavelli Davide , Rampinelli Vittorio , Doglietto Francesco , Fontanella Marco Maria , Buffoli Barbara , Vural Alperen , Verzeletti Vincenzo , Carobbio Andrea Luigi Camillo , Mardighian Dikran , Causin Francesco , Orlandi Ester , Cenzato Marco , Rezzani Rita , Nicolai Piero
Published: December 2021

Invasion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) has been historically considered a criterion of non‐resectability of skull base cancer (SBC). Patients affected by SBC who underwent surgery including resection of ICA at two tertiary institutions were included. Demographics, oncologic, and surgical information, complications, and survival outcomes were retrospectively reviewed. Survival outcomes were calculated. Ten patients were included. Three surgical approaches (transnasal endoscopic, transorbital, and transpetrosal) were employed to resect the invaded/abutted tract(s) of the ICA. All patients underwent ICA temporary balloon occlusion test. In two patients, an extracranial‐to‐intracranial arterial bypass was harvested. Major neuromorbidity was observed in two patients. Perioperative mortality of the series was 10.0%. Mean overall survival was 27.2 months, with 2‐year overall and progression‐free survival rate of 88.9%. ICA resection is feasible as part of the ablation performed for very advanced SBCs. Survival outcomes are acceptable in adequately selected patients.
Efficacy and follow‐up of humanized anti‐BCMA CAR‐T cell therapy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients with extramedullary‐extraosseous, extramedullary‐bone related, and without extramedullary disease
Authors: Li Wei , Liu Meijing , Yuan Ting , Yan Lixiang , Cui Rui , Deng Qi
Published: December 2021

The prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) with extramedullary disease (EMD) remains poor. A high overall response rate (ORR) has been reported following anti‐B‐cell maturation antigen (BCMA) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cell therapy in relapsed/refractory (R/R) patients with MM; however, data on patients with EMD remain limited. Herein, we compared and analyzed the efficacy and long‐term follow‐up of anti‐BCMA CAR‐T cell therapy in R/R MM patients with extramedullary‐extraosseous (EM‐E), extramedullary‐bone related (EM‐B), and without extramedullary disease. No difference in the ORR was observed between the three groups. The long‐term efficacy of anti‐BCMA CAR‐T cell therapy in the EM‐E group was worse than that in patients without EMD and with EM‐B. In the EM‐E group, disease progression was the reappearance of extramedullary lesions without an increase in the MM cell percentage or M protein level. Although no difference in the proportion of CAR‐T cells was detected among the three groups, the EM‐E group might exhibit a relatively high grade of cytokine release syndrome following anti‐BCMA CAR‐T therapy. Interleukin‐6 levels in the without EMD group were lower than those in the EM‐E and EM‐B groups. However, given the small number of cases in the three groups, statistical analysis was not performed.(ChiCTR1800017051 and ChiCTR2000033925).
Effects of maternal picture book knowledge on language development of 15‐month olds
Authors: Okumura Yuko , Kobayashi Tessei
Published: December 2021

Literacy exposure checklists that assess parental picture book knowledge (Parental Title Checklist [PTC] and Parental Author Checklist [PAC]) have been developed as proxy measures for literacy environments. Although previous research suggests that parental picture book knowledge is a strong predictor of language skills for preschoolers older than 3 years of age, it remains unclear whether it is related to vocabulary acquisition in children younger than 2 years of age. Using checklists of parental picture book knowledge (PTC and PAC) and self‐report questionnaires of literacy environments (reading frequency, number of children's books at home, frequency of library visits, age at which reading started), this present research investigated whether such literacy environments are related to vocabulary acquisition in 15‐month‐olds Japanese. Our results showed that PTC makes a unique contribution to the prediction of children's comprehensive vocabulary scores, and both PTC and PAC predict their productive vocabulary after controlling for maternal education levels. We discuss the influence of parental picture book knowledge on children's language development and conclude that the effects of such knowledge are even applicable at 15 months.
Systemic inflammation in traumatic brain injury predicts poor cognitive function
Authors: Xu Wende , Yue Shenglei , Wang Peng , Wen Bin , Zhang Xiaojue
Published: December 2021

Background

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) impairs cognitive function. Systemic inflammation plays important role in cognitive deficits. It remains unclear if systemic inflammation in TBI is associated with poor cognitive function.

Methods

From January 2018 to December 2020, two groups of subjects were recruited: patients with TBI (n = 120), and healthy control (n = 120), followed up to 3 months. Blood was collected from TBI patients and healthy control, and serum inflammatory cytokines including interferon‐α (IFN‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) were measured at baseline and end of 3 months. Multivariate regression was used for analysis for the relationship between cognitive function and inflammatory cytokines.

Results

Inflammatory cytokines were higher in patients with brain injury and remained high at end of 3 months. Some cytokines such as IFN‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α were associated with worsening memory and predicted poor performance.

Conclusion

Systemic inflammation in patients with TBI predicts poor cognitive function.
Ultrasound guided anterior approach to intra‐articular injection of the knee
Authors: Adamiak Paul , Inkpen Peter , Bardi Mohammad
Published: December 2021

In this clinical practice article, we describe a novel, anterior, approach for therapeutic intra‐articular injection of the knee under ultrasound guidance. The benefits of this approach are improved accuracy in knees that do not have an effusion, simplified sonoanatomy for learners, and easy localization in patients with enlarged body habitus or altered anatomy. This article describes the positioning, sonographic anatomy, risks, and technical considerations for this anterior approach.
Parenting a child with Down syndrome: A qualitative study of everyday practices in Danish families
Authors: Steffensen Ellen Hollands , Rosvig Lena Have , Santoro Stephanie , Pedersen Lars Henning , Vogel Ida , Lou Stina
Published: December 2021

Genetic counseling about Down syndrome is suggested to include information on a future family life. However, there is an insufficient knowledge on the potential impact of parenting a child with Down syndrome on parents’ everyday practices. We aimed to address this gap by exploring the experienced everyday practices of parents in families where a child has Down syndrome. Taking a qualitative approach, we conducted semi‐structured interviews with 25 parents of children with Down syndrome aged 4–12 years. Using reflexive thematic analysis, we identified two themes concerned with the parents’ practice. The first, ‘Supporting our child’, describes how the parents perceived their child as a valuable human being and how this perception founded parents’ support of the child's development and social interactions. The second, ‘Managing our family life’, demonstrates how the parents acted to manage a family life that had become the ‘new normal’ including being alert toward the child, shaping the practical and logistical framework of daily life, and balancing between being at home and away from home. Overall, the analysis presents an everyday practice aimed at a desirable future for the child with Down syndrome and at a management of everyday life on the family's own terms. In conclusion, this study provides specific knowledge on parents’ everyday practice, which may inform genetic counseling about Down syndrome and be of value to service providers.
Utilization of genetic testing: Analysis of 4,499 prior authorization requests for molecular genetic tests at four US regional health plans
Authors: Bajguz Dominika , Danylchuk Noelle R. , Czarniecki Megan , Selig James P. , Sutphen Rebecca , Kaylor Julie
Published: December 2021

Continuous advances in genetic testing methodologies and an increased understanding of the genetic mechanisms of diseases have fueled genetic testing utilization across health care specialties. To our knowledge, national trends in the ordering of genetic testing have not been studied broadly across clinical indications, testing methodologies, and ordering provider specialties. We performed a retrospective analysis of 4,499 complete prior authorization requests for molecular genetic testing submitted to four regional health plans’ commercial lines of business between May 1, 2019 and May 31, 2019. Ordering providers were characterized by their certification(s) and specialty of practice. Among 4,499 genetic testing requests, 92% were ordered by non‐genetics providers. Obstetrician/gynecology (OBGYN) (63%), oncology (15%), and genetics (8%) providers ordered genetic testing most frequently. Reproductive, hereditary cancer, and tumor testing were the most frequently ordered genetic tests. Seventy‐nine percent of all prior authorization requests were approved. When analyzing complex genetic testing requests, we found that testing ordered by genetics providers was more likely to be approved based on health plan policy than testing ordered by non‐genetics providers. Our results suggest that health care providers across multiple medical specialties may benefit from involvement of genetics specialists in decision‐making regarding molecular tests.
The anti-inflammatory peptide Catestatin blocks chemotaxis
Authors: Muntjewerff Elke M , Parv Kristel , Mahata Sushil K , van Riessen N Koen , Phillipson Mia , Christoffersson Gustaf , van den Bogaart Geert
Published: December 2021

Increased levels of the anti-inflammatory peptide Catestatin (CST), a cleavage product of the pro-hormone chromogranin A, correlate with less severe outcomes in hypertension, colitis, and diabetes. However, it is unknown how CST reduces the infiltration of monocytes and macrophages (Mϕs) in inflamed tissues. Here, it is reported that CST blocks leukocyte migration toward inflammatory chemokines. By in vitro and in vivo migration assays, it is shown that although CST itself is chemotactic, it blocks migration of monocytes and neutrophils to inflammatory attracting factor CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2). Moreover, it directs CX3CR1+ Mϕs away from pancreatic islets. These findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory actions of CST are partly caused by its regulation of chemotaxis.
High‐Bandwidth InGaAs Photodetectors Heterogeneously Integrated on Silicon Waveguides Using Optofluidic Assembly
Authors: Jung Youngho , Bae Sunghyun , Kwon Kyungmok , Mitchell Colin J. , Khokhar Ali Z. , Reed Graham T. , Wilkinson James S. , Chung Yun C. , Yu Kyoungsik
Published: December 2021

Light‐induced manipulation techniques have been utilized to transport, trap, or levitate microscopic objects for a wide range of applications in biology, electronics, and photonics. Without making direct physical contact, they can provide simple yet powerful means for high‐precision assembly of microscale functional blocks and components within the integrated circuit platforms, thereby offering a viable alternative to the conventional heterogeneous integration techniques, such as wafer/die bonding and transfer printing. Using a microbubble‐based optofluidic pick‐and‐place assembly process, heterogeneous integration of compact III‐V semiconductor photodetectors on a silicon‐based photonic integrated circuit chip, enabling direct high‐speed vertical electrical contacts for significantly improved photogenerated carrier transit distance/time, is experimentally demonstrated. The microdisk‐shaped InGaAs p‐i‐n photodetector integrated on the silicon waveguide has a 3 dB bandwidth exceeding 50 GHz under the applied bias voltage of −1 V for near‐infrared wavelengths around 1.55 µm. The light‐induced optofluidic assembly will provide a promising route for seamless heterogeneous integration of various optoelectronic components with high‐speed and low‐noise electrical interconnection on the fully processed silicon photonic/electronic integrated circuit platforms.
Summary of fourth annual MCBK public meeting: Mobilizing computable biomedical knowledge—metadata and trust
Authors: Williams Michelle , Bray Bruce E. , Greenes Robert A. , McCusker Jamie , Middleton Blackford , Perry Gerald , Platt Jodyn , Richesson Rachel L. , Rubin Joshua C. , Wheeler Terrie
Published: December 2021

The exponential growth of biomedical knowledge in computable formats challenges organizations to consider mobilizing artifacts in findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable, and trustable (FAIR+T) ways1. There is a growing need to apply biomedical knowledge artifacts to improve health in Learning Health Systems, health delivery organizations, and other settings. However, most organizations lack the infrastructure required to consume and apply computable knowledge, and national policies and standards adoption are insufficient to ensure that it is discoverable and used safely and fairly, nor is there widespread experience in the process of knowledge implementation as clinical decision support. The Mobilizing Computable Biomedical Knowledge (MCBK) community formed in 2016 to address these needs. This report summarizes the main outputs of the Fourth Annual MCBK public meeting, which was held virtually July 20 to July 21, 2021 and convened over 100 participants spanning diverse domains to frame and address important dimensions for mobilizing CBK.
Silk Fibroin Crosslinked Glycyrrhizic Acid and Silver Hydrogels for Accelerated Bacteria‐Infected Wound Healing
Authors: Zhang Fan , Yin Chuanjin , Qi Xueju , Guo Chuanlong , Wu Xiaochen
Published: December 2021

Antibacterial hydrogels are intensively studied as wound dressings. Silk fibroin (SF) is chemical crosslinked to glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and silver to fabricate a hydrogel dressing with both antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory properties. The SF/Ag/GA hydrogel exhibits high water content with acceptable mechanical properties, combines the good biocompatibility and biodegradability of SF, the antibacterial activity of silver, and the anti‐inflammatory property of GA, capable to promote tissue regeneration during wound healing process, offering great potential as an alternative for wound dressings.
TiO2 Nanotube Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposite as Methanol Sensor
Authors: Taha Sabah , Begum Sumayya , Narwade Vijaykiran N. , Halge Devidas I. , Dadge Jagdish W. , Mahabole Megha P. , Khairnar Rajendra S. , Bogle Kashinath A.
Published: December 2021

In the present work, it has successfully demonstrated the utilization of TiO2 nanotube (TNT) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocomposite films by screen printing techniques material for sensing methanol at lower temperature and lower concentrations. Preparation of modified material using HAp blended with TNT by mechanical mixing in different height percentages. The 2 wt% TNT‐HAp nanocomposite film exhibits pronounced sensing behavior for the detection of alcohol vapor even at 10 ppm. The operating temperature is observed to be 30°C for methanol, whereas for the same nanocomposite material fast response and recovery time are 100 and 30 s, respectively, as compared with pure HAp, TNT. These results concluded that nanocomposite of TNT and HAp is capable to sense alcohol vapors with their existence in ambient as low as 10 ppm concentration.
Facile Synthesis and Electrochemical Investigation of Undoped and Mn‐Doped ZnO Electrodes for the Energy Storage Application
Authors: More Pravin , Salunkhe Amol , Navale Yuraj , Patil Vikas
Published: December 2021

In the present investigation, the synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) and Mn‐doped ZnO thin film electrodes is reported for energy storage applications through spray pyrolysis technique. As‐prepared thin films are characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques for the crystal structural and morphological analysis, respectively. The XRD pattern shows substitution of Mn2+ in ion might have substituted Zn site without changing the hexagonal structure. The micrograph of pure ZnO thin films shows that the grains are agglomerated. The Mn‐doped ZnO thin film micrographs shows the spherical type morphology. The electrochemical study is carried for various concentrations of KOH electrolyte. The maximum specific capacitance of pristine ZnO and 5% Mn/ZnO is optimized at 3 M KOH electrolyte concentration. The pristine ZnO and M5Z electrode are exhibited 151 and 360 F g−1 maximum specific capacitance, respectively.
Thermoluminescence Glow Curve Analysis with Variable Concentration of Erbium‐Doped Y2O3 Phosphor
Authors: Kaur Manmeet , Sahu Prashant K. , Bisen D.P. , Panse V.R. , Singh Prabhjot
Published: December 2021

A series of Y2O3:Er3+ phosphors have been synthesized via combustion synthesis method using urea as a fuel. The prepared samples are characterized by X‐ray diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. TL glow curves are recorded for Y2O3:Er3+ doped phosphors to study dose dependence, UV response, and heating rate effect. The trapping parameters (μ, E, s) are calculated from Chen's glow peak shape method. TL glow curve is fitted in computerized glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) techniques and are discussed in detail for their possible usage in dosimetry applications.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Dielectric Study of Titania Supported ZnFe2O4
Authors: Patil Sarjerao B. , Patil Nivas M. , Birmule Pramod R. , Helavi‐Reddy Vasant B. , Patil Rajendra P.
Published: December 2021

The nanocomposites of TiO2 loaded ZnFe2O4powders are synthesized using wet chemical process. The synthesized powder is characterized by using XRD, TEM, and VSM. In the XRD patterns of sintered composite samples, no peaks other than TiO2 and ZnFe2O4 are observed. Nanosized two different layers such as cubic zinc ferrite and TiO2are confirmed by transmission electron microscopy technique. The dielectric properties are measured in the frequency range of 20 Hz–1 MHz. The frequency variation of dielectric properties is understood with the help of Maxwell–Wagner type of interfacial polarization, which is in agreement with Koop's phenomenological theory. Dielectric permittivity data reveals dielectric permittivity decreases with frequency and increases with TiO2 composition. The dielectric constant (ϵ′) is decreased continuously with increased frequency for all the samples at room temperature revealing normal dielectric behavior of ferrites. Magnetic properties are also measured on all the composite samples at room temperature. The saturation magnetization (Ms) of the samples decreases with an increase of TiO2content in ZnFe2O4.
Photocatalytic and Superhydrophilic TiO2‐SiO2 Coatings on Marble for Self‐Cleaning Applications
Authors: Sutar Rajaram S. , Patil Pratiksha B. , Bhosale Appasaheb K. , Nagappan Saravanan , Shinde Shital R. , Chikode P. P. , Patil C. E. , Kadam Sunita S. , Kadam P.M. , Bobade C. R. , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar , Park Kang Hyun , Latthe Sanjay S.
Published: December 2021

The application of photocatalytic and self‐cleaning titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials coating on the stone of architectural heritage (particularly on marble) can be used to preserve their aesthetic qualities. The present work describes the effect of dipping time on the wetting property of coatings and the effect of UV irradiation on the coating in terms of hydrophilicity. The suspension of TiO2‐SiO2 is prepared by adding 30–50 nm in size TiO2 particles in the sol–gel processed SiO2 solution. The water contact angle (WCA) decreases with increasing dipping time of piece of marble in TiO2 – SiO2 suspension. Also the hydrophilicity of coating increases with increasing UV illumination time. The 2D and 3D laser microscope analysis revealed surface structure and stable surface roughness of 1.0 µm. Such type of superhydrophilic TiO2 – SiO2 coating may be used to protect architectural heritage and buildings.
Bioengineered TiO2 Nanoparticles Using Andrographis alata (Vahl) Nees Leaf Extract and Their Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities
Authors: Rangayasami Aswini , Kannan Karthik , Subban Murugesan
Published: December 2021

Breast cancer is one of the major causes of increased deaths and it is the focus of researchers across the world. Bacteria are harmful to create human diseases like cholera, jaundice. It is needful to control the growth of harmful bacteria. Andrographis alata is rarely presented, widely used in tribal people, and it is also useful to many diseases. These studies are focused on the control the growth of (Gram‐positive (G+ve) and negative (G−ve)) bacteria, and evaluate the anticancer activity against the MCF‐7 cell line using TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs). TiO2 NPs is prepared via A. alata leaf extract. The synthesized TiO2 NPs are characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Antibacterial activity is carried out by disc diffusion method. The anti‐breast cancer activity (MCF‐7 cell line) is determined via MTT assay. The antibacterial activities of TiO2 NPs are tested against the G+ve (Streptococcus pneumonia and Bacillus cereus) and G−ve (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli). The greatest zone of inhibition is observed in B. cereus (15 mm) and E. coli (18 mm) at 50 µL. In vitro anticancer efficiency (IC50) of synthesized TiO2 NPs shows good anticancer activity against the MCF‐7 cancer cell line. The prepared NPs show potent antibacterial (foodborne pathogens) and anticancer (MCF‐7) activities, so TiO2 NPs will be useful in biomedical applications.
Deep Eutectic Solvent‐Mediated Regioselective Synthesis of Imidazoheterocycles
Authors: Yedage Dattatray B. , Patil Dattatray V.
Published: December 2021

An environmentally benign methodology for the regioselective synthesis of an important class of imidazoheterocycles has been developed using choline chloride‐based deep eutectic solvent. It involves the coupling of 2‐amnopyrimidines, 2‐aminopyridines, and 2‐aminopyrazines with 2‐halocarbonyl compounds to get a variety of substituted imidazopyrimidines, imidazopyridines, and imidazopyrazines, respectively. This method is found to be expeditious, catalyst‐free, energy‐efficient with good yields of products and potential for scale‐up. Moreover, the eutectic solvent is inexpensive, biodegradable, non‐toxic, and recycled five times without any considerable loss in its activity.
Structural, Morphological, and Dielectric Evaluation of Co2+ Doped Zinc Ferrite Aluminate
Authors: Kawade Vivekanand B. , Jadhav Santosh S. , Patange Sunil M. , Raut Siddheshwar D. , Khule Ravindra N. , Tumberphale Umakant B. , Ghule Balaji , Gore Shyam K.
Published: December 2021

Cobalt substituted zinc ferrite aluminate series with compositional formula Zn1‐xCoxFeAlO4 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6) is prepared by chemical sol–gel synthesis. The prepared samples are characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) technique. A cubic spinel phase is revealed by XRD analysis and confirmed from selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern. The true values of lattice constant are obtained from Nelson–Riley extrapolation plot, and lattice strain values are obtained with the help of Williamson‐Hall equation. The TEM image confirms average crystallite size of 31 nm. The dielectric study discloses the decrease of dielectric constant and loss tangent with the increasing frequency of applied field.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Enhanced Dielectric Properties of Polyaniline‐Cadmium Oxide Composites
Authors: Gumma Shweta C. , Basavaraj Bharati , Bidve Anilkumar G. , Kalyane Sangshetty
Published: December 2021

Present work depicts the progress of cadmium oxide (CdO)‐polyaniline composites synthesized by chemical oxidative technique. The composites with change in CdO composition are subjected to structural, electrical, dielectric, and morphology using X‐ray diffraction, AC conductivity, and scanning electron microscopy. The thermogravimetric analysis carried out to study the thermal stability, which shows that the composite with highest CdO concentration displays better stability. The electrical conductivity of the modified polyaniline tends to change with change in the frequency indicating hopping of charge carriers as a dominant mechanism. The variation of dielectric constant of all modified polyaniline with respect to the frequency is analyzed at room temperature. The dielectric constant is found to increase with the decrease in CdO concentration and is found to highest for composite with 2% CdO.
Utilization of Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Synthesized by Novel ASH Supported Method in Arsenic Adsorption from the Contaminated Water
Authors: Deotale Anjali J. , Singh Usha , Songera Durgesh , Tiwari Manoj K. , Nandedkar Rajendra V.
Published: December 2021

Iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles are synthesized by novel, swift, extremely simple, requiring enormously less preparation time, and a financially savvy process called an ASH Supported method and utilized for expelling arsenic from water. A simulated sample of arsenic(III) of known concentration is prepared in the laboratory. This simulated sample of arsenic is treated with two different concentrations and phases of iron oxide nanoparticles for two different reaction times (1 and 24 h). Fe2O3 nanoparticles are observed in two phases, namely mixed and pure phase, in nanosized range confirmed by angle dispersive X‐ray diffraction (ADXRD). These nanoparticles are found to have 99% sorption efficiency and the highest adsorption capacity of 964 mg g−1 for arsenic(III) than reported earlier in any literature. The results show that 0.1 mg of Fe2O3 nanoparticles effectively remove arsenic(III) from the simulated water sample for 1 h reaction time. The maximum adsorption is obtained at a 7.0 pH value for minimal ionic strength. This article also renders that the arsenic removal is phase induced rather than size induced. Arsenic(III) removal by iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized by the above‐mentioned method is reported for the first time and this is the main attraction of the present work.
Facile Synthesis and Morphology‐Dependent Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO Nanostructures
Authors: Jadhav Sapna , Bodhankar Pradnya M. , Hadkar Sameer , Makki Arwa , Hajjar Dina , Sarawade Pradip B.
Published: December 2021

The structures of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) of different morphology (rod, flower, and grains) using Zinc chloride and zinc nitrate synthesis are carried out under ambient conditions. In this investigation, we report that ZnO NPs are effectively synthesized and exploited to exhibit the morphological effect of ZnO NPS on its reduction in photocatalytic methylene blue (MB) dye‐degradation. UV–Visible spectra studies of the prepared ZnO NPs confirm the absorption peak at 377, 376.3, and 376 nm representative of the formation of ZnO NPs. Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results demonstrate that the strong, highly intense, and narrow‐width diffraction peaks indicate the most stable crystalline hexagonal (Wurtzite) structure of ZnO NPs of rod, flower, and grains with average size about 20, 16.62, and 18.02 nm in diameter, respectively. According to field emission‐scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), results confirm the development of ZnO NPs. In addition, the degradation efficiency of MB dye by ZnO (grain) reveals larger enhancement than the rod and flower with the highest adsorption of color after 0.067 min−1.This study offers the mainstep forward in the field of diluted wastewaters in textile industries.
Enhanced LPG Sensing Properties of Nanograined ZnO Films: Effect of Pd Sensitization
Authors: Gonugade Madhuri D. , Salokhe Balaji S. , Bobhate Pradip A. , More Suraj M. , Tarwal Nilesh L. , Kim Jin H. , Lokhande Chandrakant D. , Gurav Kishor V.
Published: December 2021

Nanograined zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films are synthesized by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. The structural analysis reveals synthesized films show phase pure ZnO with wurtzite crystal structure. The deposited ZnO thin films show interconnected nanograins with porous morphology. The ZnO films exposes liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and shows gas response of 18% under the exposure of 2600 ppm LPG at 673 K. The palladium (Pd) sensitization significantly improves the LPG sensing properties. The Pd sensitization improves gas response up to 80% under exposure of 5200 ppm at 498 K. The response and recovery time are 60 and 50 s, respectively.
Photodegradation of Dye Pollutants on Nanocrystalline Co Doped Li0.5Fe2.5O4 under UV‐Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Chavan Arjun S. , Jadhav Bhagvan V. , Kadam Mohan R. , Mali Akush V. , Mane C. B. , Patil Rajendra P.
Published: December 2021

The Co doped Li0.5Fe2.5O4 ferrites are successfully prepared by using sol–gel synthetic process. The resulting nanosample is characterized by using XRD and SEM technique. The x‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis studies clearly suggest the formation of single phase nanomaterials. The SEM analysis indicates the formation of uniform and fine grains like morphology in mixed‐metal oxides. The results of combustion synthesis elucidate that the fuel to oxidizer ratio is the most effective factor for the formation and surface morphology of mixed‐metal oxides. The synthesized Co doped Li0.5Fe2.5O4 ferrite is used for the adsorption studies of methyl orange dye by batch experiments. It is found from the adsorption studies that the removal percentage of Methyl orange is much better. Li0.5Fe2.5O4 particles are good adsorbent materials for removal of methyl orange dyes as compare to the Co doped Li0.5Fe2.5O4 nanopowder. However, the adsorption capacity of Li0.5Fe2.5O4 can be lower by doping with cobalt.
Trends of lymph node sampling and metastasis in pediatric and young adult patients with clear cell, epithelioid, and synovial sarcomas
Authors: Weller Jennine H. , Westermann Carly , Patel Palak , Beckman Ross M. , Pratilas Christine A. , Morris Carol D. , Rhee Daniel S.
Published: December 2021

Background

Clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue (CCS), epithelioid sarcoma, and synovial sarcoma are rare tumors historically identified as high risk for lymph node metastasis. This study investigates incident nodal metastasis and associated survival in children and young adults with these subtypes.

Procedure

Using the National Cancer Database (2004–2015), we created a retrospective cohort of 1303 patients (aged ≤25 years) who underwent local control therapy for CCS, epithelioid sarcoma, and synovial sarcoma. Kaplan–Meier curves estimated overall survival (OS) by subtype. Stratifying on subtype, Cox regressions assessed OS by lymph node sampling status and nodal metastasis.

Results

There were 103 (7.9%) patients with CCS, 221 (17.0%) with epithelioid sarcoma, and 979 (75.1%) with synovial sarcoma. Lymph node sampling was more frequent in patients with CCS (56.3%) and epithelioid sarcoma (52.5%) versus synovial sarcoma (20.5%, p < .001). Synovial sarcoma metastasized to lymph nodes less frequently than CCS or epithelioid sarcoma (2.1% vs. 14.6% and 14.9%, p < .001). Across all subtypes, lymph node metastasis was associated with inferior OS (HR 2.02, CI 1.38–2.95, p < .001). Lymph node sampling was associated with improved OS in CCS (HR 0.35, CI: 0.15–0.78, p = .010), inferior OS in synovial sarcoma (HR 1.60, CI: 1.13–2.25, p = .007), and no statistical association with OS in epithelioid sarcoma.

Conclusions

Lymph node metastasis is rare in children and young adults with synovial sarcoma. Lymph node sampling procedures were not consistently performed for patients with CCS or epithelioid sarcoma, but improved OS supports routine lymph node sampling in children and young adults with CCS.
Patient parameters and response after administration of rituximab in pediatric mature B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Bethke Maria , Varga Georg , Weinhage Toni , Sabharwal Harshana , Mellgren Karin , Randau Gerrit , Rolfing Meike , Wittkowski Helmut , Foell Dirk , Michgehl Ulf , Burkhardt Birgit
Published: December 2021

Background

Mature aggressive B‐cell lymphomas are heterogenous malignancies that make up more than half of all diagnosed non‐Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents. The overall survival rate increased over the last decades to 80%–90% due to fine tuning of polychemotherapy. However, new therapeutic implications are needed to further increase the overall survival. Current clinical trials analyze the therapeutic effect of rituximab in pediatric patients, while the mechanism of action in vivo is still not fully understood.

Methods

Effector molecules important for tumor defense were analyzed before and at day 5 after rituximab treatment via flow cytometry. Serum rituximab levels were measured with an ELISA.

Results

We evaluated patient parameters that may affect treatment response in relation to rituximab administration and serum rituximab levels. We indeed found a reduction of Fcγ receptor (FcγR) II levels after rituximab treatment in monocyte subtypes, whereas FcγRI expression was significantly increased. Serum levels of proinflammatory marker proteins S100A8/A9 and S100A12 significantly decreased after treatment to normal levels from an overall proinflammatory state before treatment. CD57, perforin, and granzyme B expression decreased after treatment, comprising a less cytolytic natural killer (NK) cell population.

Conclusion

The highlighted effects of rituximab treatment on patient's immune response help in understanding the biology behind tumor defense mechanisms and effector function. After subsequent studies, these novel insights might be translated into patient care and could contribute to improve treatment of pediatric patients with mature aggressive B‐cell lymphoma.
Effect of high content filling jute fiber with large aspect ratio on structure and properties of PLA composite
Authors: Na Haining , Huang Juncheng , Xu Hongguang , Bao Xin , Xie Liangke , Liu Fei , Zhu Baoqing , Wang Jiuchen , Zhu Jin
Published: December 2021

Jute fiber with high content and large aspect ratio is directly used to prepare PLA composites to show the effect on structure and properties. By comparing with bamboo powder, it is found that the large aspect ratio of jute fiber is helpful to form a crisscross structure in PLA composites to provide a strong framework. And the larger amount of jute fiber leads to the stronger framework in the PLA composites. Accordingly, the high comprehensive mechanical properties are produced of the PLA composites with jute fiber. Only through the simple blending of 70% jute fiber and PLA, the flexural strength and flexural modulus respectively reach 94.0 ± 4.4 MPa and 9116.7 ± 127.2 MPa, which obviously exceed the mechanical properties of PLA/bamboo blends. The addition of jute fiber also improves the thermal resistance of PLA composites as well as the crystallization ability and perfection of PLA. All the results exhibit the advantages of high content filling of jute fiber with large aspect ratio to modify PLA. Utilization of biomass filler with high content and large aspect ratio will provide an important methodology to expand the application capacity of fully degradable composites in many areas.
Microswimmers from Scalable Galvanic Displacement
Authors: Bailey Maximilian R. , Reichholf Nico , Flechsig Anne , Grillo Fabio , Isa Lucio
Published: December 2021

Microswimmers are small particles capable of converting available energy sources into propulsion owing to their compositional asymmetry, and are promising for applications ranging from targeted delivery to enhanced mixing at the microscale. However, current fabrication techniques demonstrate limited scalability and/or rely on the excessive use of expensive precursor materials. Here, a scalable Pickering‐wax emulsion technique is combined with galvanic electrochemistry, to grow platinum films from copper nanoparticles asymmetrically seeded onto SiO2 microparticle supports. In this manner, large quantities of Pt‐SiO2 Janus microswimmers are obtained. Utilizing copper as a templating material not only has the potential to reduce synthesis time, material costs, and toxic waste, but also facilitates the further extension of this methodology to a range of functional materials. This electrochemical approach builds upon previous attempts to overcome the current limitations in microswimmer synthesis and offers exciting opportunities for their future development.
Nasal myiasis under direct bronchoscopic visualization
Authors: El Haj Chehade Ahel , Metcalf Jordan , Jacobs Blake
Published: December 2021

Key message

This is a video showing a case of nasal myiasis under direct visualization with flexible bronchoscopy in a patient admitted with septic shock and metastatic prostate cancer. Microbiology revealed Lucilia sericata larvae.