bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical and Molecular Genetic Analysis of Canine Digital Mast Cell Tumours
Authors: Conrad David , Kehl Alexandra , Müller Tobias , Klopfleisch Robert , Aupperle-Lellbach Heike
Published: May 2023

Grading, immunohistochemistry and c-kit mutation status are criteria for assessing the prognosis and therapeutic options of canine cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs). As a subset, canine digital MCTs have rarely been explored in this context. Therefore, in this retrospective study, 68 paraffin-embedded canine digital MCTs were analysed, and histological grading was assessed according to Patnaik and Kiupel. The immunohistochemical markers KIT and Ki67 were used, as well as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for mutational screening in c-kit exons 8, 9, 11 and 14. Patnaik grading resulted in 22.1% grade I, 67.6% grade II and 10.3% grade III tumours. Some 86.8% of the digital MCTs were Kiupel low-grade. Aberrant KIT staining patterns II and III were found in 58.8%, and a count of more than 23 Ki67-positive cells in 52.3% of the cases. Both parameters were significantly associated with an internal tandem duplication (ITD) in c-kit exon 11 (12.7%). French Bulldogs, which tend to form well-differentiated cutaneous MCTs, had a higher proportion of digital high-grade MCTs and ITD in c-kit exon 11 compared with mongrels. Due to its retrospective nature, this study did not allow for an analysis of survival data. Nevertheless, it may contribute to the targeted characterisation of digital MCTs.
Deformation Performance of CFRP-Strengthened Corroded Reinforced Concrete Beams after Fatigue Loading
Authors: Zhang Zhimei , Li Tao
Published: May 2023

To study the deformation performance of CFRP-strengthened corroded RC (reinforced concrete) beams under fatigue loading, a numerical analysis method based on the fatigue damage failure process was used, and the fatigue constitutive models of each material were used as the basis. The finite element software ABAQUS was used to model and analyze the CFRP-strengthened corroded RC beams, and the degradation of bond performance between rusted reinforcement and concrete was considered in the simulation. Then, the flexural stiffness calculation method of CFRP-strengthened corroded RC beams was analyzed. Based on the validation of the finite element model, a regression analysis was performed on the mid-span deflection data of the simulated beam to establish a formula for calculating the mid-span deflection of CFRP-strengthened corroded RC beams under fatigue loading. Finally, the collected experimental data were compared with the calculation results using the mid-span deflection formula, which was validated to confirm its accuracy and reliability. The research results show that the mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of the ratio of experimental to calculated values were 0.95, 0.09 and 0.10, respectively, indicating that the calculated values of the proposed mid-span deflection formulation are in good agreement with the experimental values, which proves the correctness and high accuracy of the proposed formula for calculating the mid-span deflection. The formula can provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation of the deformation performance of CFRP-strengthened corroded RC beams under fatigue loading.
Artificial Intelligence Applications in Petroleum Exploration and Production
Authors: Li Hangyu , Song Xianzhi , Liu Shuyang
Published: May 2023

Recent advances in computer and data sciences have made artificial intelligence techniques a useful tool in tackling the problems in petroleum exploration and production [...]
Hydraulic Prototype Observation Tests on Reconstructed Energy Dissipation Facilities
Authors: Wei Hai , Tao Kaiyun , Luo Yongqin , Song Bingyue , Wang Mingming , Xu Juncai
Published: May 2023

In order to assess the effectiveness of reconstructed energy dissipation facilities (EDFs) in open channels at hydropower stations, hydraulic prototype observation (HPO) tests are conducted to investigate the characteristics of discharge flow and the dynamic response of hydraulic structures during sluice opening periods. While hydraulic model tests (HMTs) are commonly utilized in laboratory settings to study these characteristics, experimental conditions cannot fully replicate the real-world operations of such structures. HPO tests are employed to examine flow patterns, free water surface fluctuations, and pulsating pressure changes in open channels under varying flood discharge conditions (FDCs). Flow patterns in open channels are recorded via video; free water surface fluctuations are measured using total-station and laser rangefinder instruments; and pulsating pressure is monitored with pressure sensors and data collection systems. Flow pattern observations concentrate on addressing adverse water flow phenomena, such as turbulence, surging, and backflow. The examination of free water surface fluctuations aims to verify whether the height of the guide wall along the open channel fulfills the necessary requirements and assess the effectiveness of energy dissipation of the EDF. To comprehend the variations in pulsating pressure within the continuous sill and the base slab, nine measurement points were established across three sections perpendicular to the continuous sill’s axis on three distinct elevation levels. Additionally, three measurement points were positioned on the reinforced base slab along the open channel’s axis. The findings indicate that the impact on the continuous sill caused by discharging water is more severe when the discharge rate of a single sluice gate reaches 500 m3/s than in other FDCs. To ensure the safe operation of open channels during flood discharge, the discharge rate for each sluice gate should be reduced to 250 m3/s. The dominant pulsation induced by discharge flow falls within the low-frequency range, resulting in minimal adverse effects on the stilling basin and guide wall. The flow pattern within the stilling basin remains stable under various FDCs, with no significant adverse hydraulic phenomena observed. Parameters, including free water surface fluctuations and pulsating pressure variations, lie within acceptable ranges. These observations suggest that the arrangement of the reconstructed energy dissipation facilities is generally effective following technical reconstruction.
Response Time of a Thin-Film Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) for High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) Phantom Applications
Authors: Lequiron Ma. Stella Grace B. , Joe Daniel J. , Lim Sun Do , Doh Il
Published: May 2023

The thermal response time of a thin-film resistance temperature detector (RTD) array sensor was measured for a high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) phantom. As the temperature inside materials change rapidly within several seconds, it is important to have a temperature sensor with a fast response time to evaluate their performance. However, previous methods for measuring thermal response time were not suitable for thin-film sensors, and there were no quantitative data available. In this study, we used a liquid drop method to measure the thermal time constant of the thin-film RTD, which was found to be 1.0 ± 0.2 ms. This indicates that the thin-film RTD array sensor has a sufficiently fast response time to detect sudden temperature changes inside the tissue-mimicking material (TMM) for validating HIFU devices.
Machine Learning-Based Label Quality Assurance for Object Detection Projects in Requirements Engineering
Authors: Pičuljan Neven , Car Željka
Published: May 2023

In recent years, the field of artificial intelligence has experienced significant growth, which has been primarily attributed to advancements in hardware and the efficient training of deep neural networks on graphics processing units. The development of high-quality artificial intelligence solutions necessitates a strong emphasis on data-centric approaches that involve the collection, labeling and quality-assurance of data and labels. These processes, however, are labor-intensive and often demand extensive human effort. Simultaneously, there exists an abundance of untapped data that could potentially be utilized to train models capable of addressing complex problems. These raw data, nevertheless, require refinement to become suitable for machine learning training. This study concentrates on the computer vision subdomain within artificial intelligence and explores data requirements within the context of requirements engineering. Among the various data requirement activities, label quality assurance is crucial. To address this problem, we propose a machine learning-based method for automatic label quality assurance, especially in the context of object detection use cases. Our approach aims to support both annotators and computer vision project stakeholders while reducing the time and resources needed to conduct label quality assurance activities. In our experiments, we trained a neural network on a small set of labeled data and achieved an accuracy of 82% in differentiating good and bad labels on a large set of labeled data. This demonstrates the potential of our approach in automating label quality assurance.
Effect of Black Cumin Cake Extract, Octyl Caffeate, and Active Packaging on Antioxidant Properties of Egg-Free Mayonnaise during Storage
Authors: Włodarczyk Katarzyna , Tymczewska Alicja , Rabiej-Kozioł Dobrochna , Szydłowska-Czerniak Aleksandra
Published: May 2023

The egg-less mayonnaise (CM) based on aquafaba and refined rapeseed oil was prepared and enriched with black cumin cake extract (BCCE) at two concentrations of 0.1% (BCCM0.1%) and 3% (BCCM3%) and 0.1% of octyl caffeate (OCM). The obtained mayonnaises were placed in glass jars without and with active film incorporating BCCE at the jar bottom (AFM). The influence of antioxidants on oxidative stability and antioxidant capacity (AC) of the prepared mayonnaises was estimated by the shelf-life test. Peroxide value (PV), anisidine value (AnV), total oxidation (TOTOX) value, acid value (AV), and amounts of conjugated dienes (CD) and conjugated trienes (CT) were used to assess the extent of mayonnaise deterioration during storage of up to 4 weeks in a refrigerator. The synthesized octyl caffeate (OC) and natural antioxidants from BCCE added to mayonnaises directly and released from active film enhanced the AC of the studied mayonnaise samples determined using the QUick, Easy, New, CHEap, and Reproducible-2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (QUENCHER-DPPH), and QUENCHER-2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (QUENCHER-ABTS) methods. All enriched mayonnaises had higher antioxidant potential than the AC of the control sample without antioxidants (CM) and commercial plant-based mayonnaise (CPBM). Therefore, the proposed antioxidants and active film can be used in the food industry to suppress lipid oxidation.
Study on the Influence of Specimen Size and Aggregate Size on the Compressive Strength of Rock-Filled Concrete
Authors: Li Xiang , Zhang Yufan , Yang Tao , Liao Haimei , Yu Lei , Liu Yunke , Wang Guoji , Zhao Yinghong , Qiao Haoyang
Published: May 2023

Rock-filled concrete (RFC) technology is a new type of mass concrete construction technology, which consists of two basic components: the force transfer frame formed by large-size rock accumulation and the matrix formed by self-compacting concrete (SCC) filling. Its unique construction method also distinguishes RFC from ordinary concrete in terms of its force characteristics. In this paper, RFC is considered as a composite material consisting of aggregate and SCC; based on the realistic failure process analysis (RFPA) method, the effects of specimen size and aggregate size on the compressive strength of RFC were studied. Firstly, RFC cube specimens were prepared and uniaxial compression tests were conducted. During the preparation process, in order to eliminate the influence of factors such as shape, spatial distribution state, and volume share of aggregates on the compressive strength, aggregates of different sizes were set as spheres and arranged in simple cubic stacking; then a numerical model of RFC with different specimen sizes and different aggregate sizes was established for uniaxial compression numerical simulation experiments to analyze the variation law and failure pattern of the RFC compressive strength. The results indicate that the compressive strength of RFC exhibits a significant size effect and follows a negative exponential function distribution law; with the same volume fraction of aggregate, the smaller the aggregate size, the higher the compressive strength of the RFC will be, and this increasing trend gradually levels off. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that the size effect and the reduction of aggregate size on dam strength be taken into account in the design of RFC dams.
Air Pollution: A Silent Key Driver of Dementia
Authors: Serafin Pawel , Zaremba Malgorzata , Sulejczak Dorota , Kleczkowska Patrycja
Published: May 2023

In 2017, the Lancet Commission on Dementia Prevention, Intervention, and Care included air pollution in its list of potential risk factors for dementia; in 2018, the Lancet Commission on Pollution concluded that the evidence for a causal relationship between fine particulate matter (PM) and dementia is encouraging. However, few interventions exist to delay or prevent the onset of dementia. Air quality data are becoming increasingly available, and the science underlying the associated health effects is also evolving rapidly. Recent interest in this area has led to the publication of population-based cohort studies, but these studies have used different approaches to identify cases of dementia. The purpose of this article is to review recent evidence describing the association between exposure to air pollution and dementia with special emphasis on fine particulate matter of 2.5 microns or less. We also summarize here the proposed detailed mechanisms by which air pollutants reach the brain and activate the innate immune response. In addition, the article also provides a short overview of existing limitations in the treatment of dementia.
An Adaptive Dual-Population Collaborative Chicken Swarm Optimization Algorithm for High-Dimensional Optimization
Authors: Liang Jianhui , Wang Lifang , Ma Miao
Published: May 2023

With the development of science and technology, many optimization problems in real life have developed into high-dimensional optimization problems. The meta-heuristic optimization algorithm is regarded as an effective method to solve high-dimensional optimization problems. However, considering that traditional meta-heuristic optimization algorithms generally have problems such as low solution accuracy and slow convergence speed when solving high-dimensional optimization problems, an adaptive dual-population collaborative chicken swarm optimization (ADPCCSO) algorithm is proposed in this paper, which provides a new idea for solving high-dimensional optimization problems. First, in order to balance the algorithm’s search abilities in terms of breadth and depth, the value of parameter G is given by an adaptive dynamic adjustment method. Second, in this paper, a foraging-behavior-improvement strategy is utilized to improve the algorithm’s solution accuracy and depth-optimization ability. Third, the artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA) is introduced to construct a dual-population collaborative optimization strategy based on chicken swarms and artificial fish swarms, so as to improve the algorithm’s ability to jump out of local extrema. The simulation experiments on the 17 benchmark functions preliminarily show that the ADPCCSO algorithm is superior to some swarm-intelligence algorithms such as the artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA), the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm, and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm in terms of solution accuracy and convergence performance. In addition, the APDCCSO algorithm is also utilized in the parameter estimation problem of the Richards model to further verify its performance.
An Integrated and Multi-Target Nucleic Acid Isothermal Analysis System for Rapid Diagnosis of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
Authors: Jin Xiangyu , Li Meng , Mao Zeyin , Deng Anni , Lv Wenqi , Huang Leyang , Zhong Hao , Yang Han , Zhang Lei , Liao Qinping , Huang Guoliang
Published: May 2023

Rapid identification of Candida species is significant for the diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). An integrated and multi-target system for the rapid, high-specificity, and high-sensitivity detection of four Candida species was developed. The system consists of a rapid sample processing cassette and a rapid nucleic acid analysis device. The cassette could process the Candida species to release nucleic acids in 15 min. The released nucleic acids were analyzed by the device as fast as within 30 min, using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method. The four Candida species could be simultaneously identified, with each reaction using only 1.41 µL of reaction mixture, which was low cost. The RPT (rapid sample processing and testing) system could detect the four Candida species with high sensitivity (<2 CFU/reaction) and high specificity. The system also processed and analyzed 32 clinical samples, giving the results with high clinical sensitivity and specificity. Hence, the system was a significant and effective platform for the diagnosis of VVC. Furthermore, the period of validity of the reagents and chips used in the system was >90 days, and the system could also be used for the detection of bacteria.
Development of an Efficient FRET-Based Ratiometric Uranium Biosensor
Authors: Sauge-Merle Sandrine , Recuerda Morgane , Beccia Maria Rosa , Lemaire David , Cherif Rym , Bremond Nicolas , Merola Fabienne , Bousmah Yasmina , Berthomieu Catherine
Published: May 2023

The dispersion of uranium in the environment can pose a problem for the health of humans and other living organisms. It is therefore important to monitor the bioavailable and hence toxic fraction of uranium in the environment, but no efficient measurement methods exist for this. Our study aims to fill this gap by developing a genetically encoded FRET-based ratiometric uranium biosensor. This biosensor was constructed by grafting two fluorescent proteins to both ends of calmodulin, a protein that binds four calcium ions. By modifying the metal-binding sites and the fluorescent proteins, several versions of the biosensor were generated and characterized in vitro. The best combination results in a biosensor that is affine and selective for uranium compared to metals such as calcium or other environmental compounds (sodium, magnesium, chlorine). It has a good dynamic range and should be robust to environmental conditions. In addition, its detection limit is below the uranium limit concentration in drinking water defined by the World Health Organization. This genetically encoded biosensor is a promising tool to develop a uranium whole-cell biosensor. This would make it possible to monitor the bioavailable fraction of uranium in the environment, even in calcium-rich waters.
Down-Regulation of Tinnitus Negative Valence via Concurrent HD-tDCS and PEI Technique: A Pilot Study
Authors: Vaziri Zahra , Salmon Carlos E. G. , Ghodratitoostani Iman , Santos Antonio Carlos dos , Hyppolito Miguel A. , Delbem Alexandre C. B. , Leite João P.
Published: May 2023

Around 30% of the general population experience subjective tinnitus, characterized by conscious attended awareness perception of sound without an external source. Clinical distress tinnitus is more than just experiencing a phantom sound, as it can be highly disruptive and debilitating, leading those affected to seek clinical help. Effective tinnitus treatments are crucial for psychological well-being, but our limited understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms and a lack of a universal cure necessitate further treatment development. In light of the neurofunctional tinnitus model predictions and transcranial electrical stimulation, we conducted an open-label, single-arm, pilot study that utilized high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) concurrent with positive emotion induction (PEI) techniques for ten consecutive sessions to down-regulate tinnitus negative valence in patients with clinical distress tinnitus. We acquired resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans of 12 tinnitus patients (7 females, mean age = 51.25 ± 12.90 years) before and after the intervention to examine resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) alterations in specific seed regions. The results showed reduced rsFC at post-intervention between the attention and emotion processing regions as follows: (1) bilateral amygdala and left superior parietal lobule (SPL), (2) left amygdala and right SPL, (3) bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and bilateral pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC), and (4) left dlPFC and bilateral pgACC (FWE corrected p < 0.05). Furthermore, the post-intervention tinnitus handicap inventory scores were significantly lower than the pre-intervention scores (p < 0.05). We concluded that concurrent HD-tDCS and PEI might be effective in reducing tinnitus negative valence, thus alleviating tinnitus distress.
Special Issue on Innovative Circular Building Design and Construction
Authors: Hsu Wei-Ling , Meen Teen-Hang , Yang Hsi-Chi , Yu Wen-Der
Published: May 2023

The circular economy, a global movement that seeks an innovative approach to resource management, responds to global challenges such as climate change, decreasing biodiversity, and increasing waste and pollution [...]
A Review of the Evolution and Trends in Research on the Emergency Evacuation of Urban Underground Spaces
Authors: Cui Caiyun , Shao Qianwen , Liu Yong , Han Guobo , Liu Feng , Han Xiaowei
Published: May 2023

In recent decades, there has been a significant proliferation of literature pertaining to the evacuation of urban underground spaces. However, few studies have focused on scientometric reviews that identify research topics, evolution patterns, and trends in this field. To bridge this gap, the present study adopted a bibliometric approach by searching the literature related to underground space evacuations in the Web of Science (WOS) core database for the period 1992–2022, from which we visualized and analyzed the issuance status of the country, author, and institution, as well as the cooperation status, using Citespace software. The findings of this paper are as follows: First, there has been a consistent upward trend in the quantity of literature within this field over time. Second, Swedish authors and institutions have made important contributions to the advancement of research in this area. Third, the current research topics are concentrated on themes such as modeling and simulation, smoke control methods, integrative research on factors affecting pedestrian evacuation behavior, pedestrian walking speed under smoke-filled conditions, and the influence of wayfinding devices on exit selection/wayfinding. Finally, to advance the safety in underground spaces, future research trends should include improving basic data, refining simulation model parameters, assessing the evacuation capabilities of special populations, examining the impact of risk perception on evacuation behavior, and conducting specific research on the different risks in underground spaces. The findings may contribute to the managerial development of more comprehensive and effective emergency plans for underground spaces, thereby enhancing the survival rates and safety of pedestrians during disasters or other emergencies.
Simplified Estimation Method of Plastic Energy Dissipation for MDOF Systems Using Force Analogy Method
Authors: Mu Yingna , Qu Jiting , Shu Yu , Tan Yanbin
Published: May 2023

Plastic energy dissipation is a key factor in the response of inelastic structures subjected to seismic input, and is often regarded as a primary source of structural damage due to the inelastic deformation of structural components. Accurately predicting a structure’s plastic energy dissipation is essential for efficient energy-based design and seismic assessment. While a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system provides a simple and effective method for estimating plastic energy dissipation, few studies have explored the use of nonlinear analysis methods or equivalent SDOF systems for this purpose. Based on the principle-of-force-analogy method, firstly, the formulas of plastic energy dissipation of a multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) system and its equivalent SDOF system were established. Secondly, two estimation methods of plastic energy dissipation of MDOF systems were proposed. Finally, numerical simulations were performed on several multi-story and high-rise structures with varying heights and spans to compare the plastic energy dissipation of MDOF systems and the equivalent SDOF systems of different modes. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed methods and formulas accurately estimate plastic energy dissipation in multi-story and high-rise structures, while also requiring fewer calculations and less storage.
Research on Campus Space Features and Visual Quality Based on Street View Images: A Case Study on the Chongshan Campus of Liaoning University
Authors: Meng Yumeng , Li Qingyu , Ji Xiang , Yu Yiqing , Yue Dong , Gan Mingqi , Wang Siyu , Niu Jianing , Fukuda Hiroatsu
Published: May 2023

As the university campus is a place for learning, conducting scientific research, and communication, campus street spatial quality has an impact on its users. Therefore, refinement evaluations of campus spatial quality are essential for constructing high-quality campuses. In this study, machine learning was used to conduct semantic segmentation and spatial perception prediction on street view images. The physical features and perception quality of the surrounding areas of the Chongshan campus of Liaoning University were obtained. The study found that the visual beautiful quality (VBQ) of the student living area was the highest, and the VBQ of the teacher living area was the lowest when compared to the research and study area, student living area, sports area, and surrounding area. Greenness and openness had positive influences on VBQ, while enclosure had a negative influence. This study analyzed the influence mechanism operating between spatial physical features and VBQ. The results provide theoretical and technical support for campus space spatial quality construction and improvement.
A Novel Family with Demyelinating Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease Caused by a Mutation in the PMP2 Gene: A Case Series of Nine Patients and a Brief Review of the Literature
Authors: Baga Margherita , Rizzi Susanna , Spagnoli Carlotta , Frattini Daniele , Pisani Francesco , Fusco Carlo
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) is a group of inherited peripheral neuropathies characterized by wide genotypic and phenotypic variability. The onset is typically in childhood, and the most frequent clinical manifestations are predominantly distal muscle weakness, hypoesthesia, foot deformity (pes cavus) and areflexia. In the long term, complications such as muscle-tendon retractions, extremity deformities, muscle atrophy and pain may occur. Among CMT1, demyelinating and autosomal dominant forms, CMT1G is determined by mutations in the PMP2 myelin protein. Results: Starting from the index case, we performed a clinical, electrophysiological, neuroradiological and genetic evaluation of all family members for three generations; we identified p.Ile50del in PMP2 in all the nine affected members. They presented a typical clinical phenotype, with childhood-onset variable severity between generations and a chronic demyelinating sensory-motor polyneuropathy on the electrophysiologic examination; the progression was slow to very slow and predominant in the lower limbs. Our study reports a relatively large sample of patients, members of the same family, with CMT1G by PMP2, which is a rare form of demyelinating CMT, highlighting the genetic variability of the CMT family instead of the overlapping clinical phenotypes within demyelinating forms. To date, only supportive and preventive measures for the most severe complications are available; therefore, we believe that early diagnosis (clinical, electrophysiological and genetic) allows access to specialist follow-up and therapies, thereby improving the quality of life of patients.
Mitochondria Have Made a Long Evolutionary Path from Ancient Bacteria Immigrants within Eukaryotic Cells to Essential Cellular Hosts and Key Players in Human Health and Disease
Authors: Atlante Anna , Valenti Daniela
Published: May 2023

Mitochondria have made a long evolutionary path from ancient bacteria immigrants within the eukaryotic cell to become key players for the cell, assuming crucial multitasking skills critical for human health and disease. Traditionally identified as the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells due to their central role in energy metabolism, these chemiosmotic machines that synthesize ATP are known as the only maternally inherited organelles with their own genome, where mutations can cause diseases, opening up the field of mitochondrial medicine. More recently, the omics era has highlighted mitochondria as biosynthetic and signaling organelles influencing the behaviors of cells and organisms, making mitochondria the most studied organelles in the biomedical sciences. In this review, we will especially focus on certain ‘novelties’ in mitochondrial biology “left in the shadows” because, although they have been discovered for some time, they are still not taken with due consideration. We will focus on certain particularities of these organelles, for example, those relating to their metabolism and energy efficiency. In particular, some of their functions that reflect the type of cell in which they reside will be critically discussed, for example, the role of some carriers that are strictly functional to the typical metabolism of the cell or to the tissue specialization. Furthermore, some diseases in whose pathogenesis, surprisingly, mitochondria are involved will be mentioned.
Mechanical and Tribological Behaviors of Hot-Pressed SiC/SiCw-Y2O3 Ceramics with Different Y2O3 Contents
Authors: Zhang Shaohua , Wang Jinfang , Zhang Meng , Ding Longqi , Chan Huijun , Liu Xiyu , Wu Fengqing , Tu Zhibiao , Shao Ling , Ye Nengyong , Dai Sheng , Zhu Liu , Chen Shichang
Published: May 2023

Sintering additives are commonly used to reduce the conditions required for densification in composite ceramics without compromising their performances simultaneously. Herein, SiC/SiCw-Y2O3 composite ceramics with 10 vol.% SiC whiskers (SiCw) and different Y2O3 contents (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 vol.%) were fabricated by hot-pressed sintering at 1800 °C, and the effects of Y2O3 content on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and tribological behaviors were investigated. It was found that the increased Y2O3 content can promote the densification of SiC/SiCw-Y2O3 composite ceramics, as evidenced by compact microstructure and increased relative density. The Vickers hardness, fracture toughness, and flexural strength also increased when Y2O3 content increased from 2.5 vol.% to 7.5 vol.%. However, excessive Y2O3 (10 vol.%) aggregated around SiC and SiCw weakens its positive effect. Furthermore, the Y2O3 additive also reduces the coefficient of friction (COF) of SiC/SiCw-Y2O3 composite ceramics, the higher the Y2O3 content, the lower the COF. The wear resistance of SiC/SiCw-Y2O3 composite ceramics is strongly affected by their microstructure and mechanical properties, and as-sintered SiC ceramic with 7.5 vol.% Y2O3 (Y075) shows the optimal wear resistance. The relative density, Vickers hardness, fracture toughness, and flexural strength of Y075 are 97.0%, 21.6 GPa, 7.7 MPa · m1/2, and 573.2 MPa, respectively, the specific wear rate of Y075 is 11.8% of that for its competitor with 2.5 vol.% Y2O3.
Thermodynamics in Stochastic Conway’s Game of Life
Authors: Pomorski Krzysztof , Kotula Dariusz
Published: May 2023

Cellular automata can simulate many complex physical phenomena using the power of simple rules. The presented methodological platform expresses the concept of programmable matter, of which Newton’s laws of motion are an example. Energy is introduced as the equivalent of the “Game of Life” mass, which can be treated as the first level of approximation. The temperature presence and propagation was calculated for various lattice topologies and boundary conditions, using the Shannon entropy measure. This study provides strong evidence that, despite the principle of mass and energy conservation not being fulfilled, the entropy, mass distribution, and temperature approach thermodynamic equilibrium. In addition, the described cellular automaton system transitions from a positive to a negative temperature, which stabilizes and can be treated as a signature of a system in equilibrium. The system dynamics is presented for a few species of cellular automata competing for maximum presence on a given lattice with different boundary conditions.
Long COVID: An Epidemic within the Pandemic
Authors: Mattiuzzi Camilla , Lippi Giuseppe
Published: May 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a life-threatening infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified in the Chinese city of Wuhan in late 2019 and has subsequently spread worldwide, reaching pandemic proportions [...]
Role of Hydroxy Group in the Electro-Optical Properties of Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals
Authors: Yu Meina , Xu Jianjun , Luo Lingpeng , Zhang Luoning , Gao Yanzi , Zou Cheng , Wang Qian , Wei Huiyun , Wang Xiao , Yang Huai
Published: May 2023

In this work, hydroxylated compounds are applied to prepare polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films and the role of the hydroxy group is studied in detail by comparing the effects of the hydroxylated acrylate monomer, the hydroxylated mesogenic component and their corresponding non-hydroxylated components. It is revealed that the hydroxylated acrylate monomer plays a more important role in modifying the morphology of the polymer matrix and thereby the electro-optical performance of the PDLC films. Parameters of the polymer matrix, such as size and density of voids, can be affected by various components, but only the hydroxylated acrylate monomer can alter its type from the typical Swiss-cheese type to the polymer-microsphere type. Essentially, the hydroxylated mesogenic component takes effect through changing the ratio of the liquid crystal phase, while the hydroxylated acrylate monomer can participate in the polymerization and impact the development of the polymer matrix. It is anticipated that this research can help in understanding the role of the hydroxy group in PDLC films.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence Models for Detecting Alveolar Bone Loss in Periodontal Disease: A Panoramic Radiograph Study
Authors: Uzun Saylan Bilge Cansu , Baydar Oğuzhan , Yeşilova Esra , Kurt Bayrakdar Sevda , Bilgir Elif , Bayrakdar İbrahim Şevki , Çelik Özer , Orhan Kaan
Published: May 2023

The assessment of alveolar bone loss, a crucial element of the periodontium, plays a vital role in the diagnosis of periodontitis and the prognosis of the disease. In dentistry, artificial intelligence (AI) applications have demonstrated practical and efficient diagnostic capabilities, leveraging machine learning and cognitive problem-solving functions that mimic human abilities. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of AI models in identifying alveolar bone loss as present or absent across different regions. To achieve this goal, alveolar bone loss models were generated using the PyTorch-based YOLO-v5 model implemented via CranioCatch software, detecting periodontal bone loss areas and labeling them using the segmentation method on 685 panoramic radiographs. Besides general evaluation, models were grouped according to subregions (incisors, canines, premolars, and molars) to provide a targeted evaluation. Our findings reveal that the lowest sensitivity and F1 score values were associated with total alveolar bone loss, while the highest values were observed in the maxillary incisor region. It shows that artificial intelligence has a high potential in analytical studies evaluating periodontal bone loss situations. Considering the limited amount of data, it is predicted that this success will increase with the provision of machine learning by using a more comprehensive data set in further studies.
Online Motion Planning for Fixed-Wing Aircraft in Precise Automatic Landing on Mobile Platforms
Authors: Liang Jianjian , Wang Shoukun , Wang Bo
Published: May 2023

This paper proposes the creative idea that an unmanned fixed-wing aircraft should automatically adjust its 3D landing trajectory online to land on a given touchdown point, instead of following a pre-designed fixed glide slope angle or a landing path composed of two waypoints. A fixed-wing aircraft is a typical under-actuated and nonholonomic constrained system, and its landing procedure—which involves complex kinematic and dynamic constraints—is challenging, especially in some scenarios such as landing on an aircraft carrier, which has a runway that is very short and narrow. The conventional solution of setting a very conservative landing path in advance and controlling the aircraft to follow it without dynamic adjustment of the reference path has not performed satisfactorily due to the variation in initial states and widespread environmental uncertainties. The motion planner shown in this study can adjust an aircraft’s landing trajectory online and guide the aircraft to land at a given fixed or moving point while conforming to the strict constraints. Such a planner is composed of two parts: one is used to generate a series of motion primitives which conform to the dynamic constraints, and the other is used to evaluate those primitives and choose the best one for the aircraft to execute. In this paper, numerical simulations demonstrate that when given a landing configuration composed of position, altitude, and direction, the planner can provide a feasible guidance path for the aircraft to land accurately.
Mutual Stabilization in Chaotic Hindmarsh–Rose Neurons
Authors: Parker John E. , Short Kevin M.
Published: May 2023

Recent work has highlighted the vast array of dynamics possible within both neuronal networks and individual neural models. In this work, we demonstrate the capability of interacting chaotic Hindmarsh–Rose neurons to communicate and transition into periodic dynamics through specific interactions which we call mutual stabilization, despite individual units existing in chaotic parameter regimes. Mutual stabilization has been seen before in other chaotic systems but has yet to be reported in interacting neural models. The process of chaotic stabilization is similar to related previous work, where a control scheme which provides small perturbations on carefully chosen Poincaré surfaces that act as control planes stabilized a chaotic trajectory onto a cupolet. For mutual stabilization to occur, the symbolic dynamics of a cupolet are passed through an interaction function such that the output acts as a control on a second chaotic system. If chosen correctly, the second system stabilizes onto another cupolet. This process can send feedback to the first system, replacing the original control, so that in some cases the two systems are locked into persistent periodic behavior as long as the interaction continues. Here, we demonstrate how this process works in a two-cell network and then extend the results to four cells with potential generalizations to larger networks. We conclude that stabilization of different states may be linked to a type of information storage or memory.
Symptomatic, Alexithymic, and Suicidality-Related Features in Groups of Adolescent Self-Harmers: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Raffagnato Alessia , Miscioscia Marina , Fasolato Rachele , Iannattone Sara , Valentini Perla , Sale Eleonora , Gatta Michela
Published: May 2023

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is an increasing phenomenon among both clinical and nonclinical adolescent groups and is associated with several psychopathological symptoms, in addition to being one of the main risk factors for suicidality. Nevertheless, differences between clinical and nonclinical samples of self-harmers in symptom dimensions, alexithymia, suicidality, and NSSI-related variables are still scarcely investigated. The current study aimed to fill this gap by enrolling a sample of Italian girls (age range: 12–19 years) that included 63 self-harmers admitted to mental health outpatient services (clinical group), 44 self-harmers without admission to mental health services (subclinical group), and 231 individuals without an NSSI history (control group). Questionnaires investigating psychopathological symptoms, alexithymia, and NSSI-related variables were administered. The results highlighted that all symptom-related variables and alexithymic traits were more severe in the NSSI groups than in the control group; in particular, self-depreciation, anxiety, psychoticism, and pathological interpersonal relationships were distinguished between the clinical and subclinical groups. Compared to the subclinical group, the clinical group was characterized by higher NSSI frequency, NSSI disclosure, self-punishment as the main reason for engagement in NSSI, and suicidal ideation. These findings were then discussed in terms of clinical practice and primary and secondary prevention in the adolescent population.
Weight–Length Relationship Analysis Revealing the Impacts of Multiple Factors on Body Shape of Fish in China
Authors: Li Yushan , Feng Mingjun , Huang Liangliang , Zhang Peiyu , Wang Hongxia , Zhang Jingwei , Tian Yuehan , Xu Jun
Published: May 2023

The weight–length relationship (WLR) of fish is a crucial tool in fish biology research and has received extensive attention. However, fish growth is influenced by many factors, and the WLR also changes accordingly. Our aim was to investigate how fish body shape is affected by various factors by analyzing the existing parameters of the relationship between fish body length and weight. We analyzed 198,354 fish specimens belonging to 402 species of 82 families in China and investigated the change of fish body shape in the function of their ecology. Herbivorous fish tended to be shorter and fatter than carnivorous fish, and omnivorous fish fall somewhere in between. This difference could be due to variations in feeding habits and the availability of food sources. Additionally, fish living in lentic waters tended to have a shorter and fatter body shape compared to those living in lotic waters. This could be attributed to differences in swimming behavior in these environments. Furthermore, our results showed that the b value decreased as altitude increased, and fish tended to be thinner and longer due to lower oxygen and temperature levels in high-altitude waters. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the WLR of fish and the impact of multiple factors on fish body shape.
From Crisis to Opportunity: Developing a Virtual Marketplace to Enhance Sustainability and Resilience in Small-Scale Fisheries
Authors: Bolognini Luca , Frittelloni Cristina , Perretta Francesca , Scanu Martina , Grati Fabio
Published: May 2023

In a context in which climate change, overexploitation, and environmental degradation are continuously progressing, the sustainable use of the sea is a key target, both for resources and fishery operators. With the aim of enhancing the sustainability and competitiveness of the entire fishery sector, an innovation brokering event was organized. Via the application of a participatory, interactive, and bottom-up approach, different actors in the Italian SSF sector were stimulated to work together to find innovative solutions to day-by-day problems. During the consultation, and between the identified problems, emerged the lack of cooperation for marketing activity and effective strategies for seafood product development. A pilot action consisting in co-designing a virtual marketplace (VirMa) was the result of the event, intending to facilitate the direct sale of seafood products, explore this new and valuable market, and establish a direct line with consumers. The VirMa application was developed as a value chain network, trying to add value to seafood products. However, an information and communication tool, such as a VirMa, could contribute to increasing the resilience of the SSF sector to market constraints even during unforeseen events, such as a pandemic.
A Numerical Study on the Erythrocyte Flow Path in I-Shaped Pillar DLD Arrays
Authors: Wu Jiangbo , Lv Yao , He Yongqing , Du Xiaoze , Liu Jie , Zhang Wenyu
Published: May 2023

Erythrocyte enrichment is needed for blood disease diagnosis and research. DLD arrays with an I-shaped pillar (I-pillar) sort erythrocytes in a unique, accurate, and low-reagent method. However, the existing I-shaped pillar DLD arrays for erythrocyte sorting have the drawbacks of higher flow resistance and more challenging fabrication. A two-dimensional erythrocyte simulation model and the arbitrary Lagrangian–Euler equations at the cell–fluid boundary were built based on the fluid–solid coupling method to investigate the influencing factors of the erythrocyte flow path in an I-pillar DLD array and find its optimization method. Three different sizes of I-pillars were built and multiple sets of corresponding arrays were constructed, followed by finite element simulations to separately investigate the effects of these arrays on the induction of erythrocyte motion paths. This work demonstrates the motion paths of erythrocyte models in a series of I-pillar arrays with different design parameters, aiming to summarize the variation modes of erythrocyte motion paths, which in turn provides some reference for designing and optimizing the pillar size and array arrangement methods for I-pillar array DLD chips.
Optimizing of Traffic-Signal Timing Based on the FCIC-PI—A Surrogate Measure for Fuel Consumption
Authors: Alshayeb Suhaib , Stevanovic Aleksandar , Stevanovic Jelka , Dobrota Nemanja
Published: May 2023

Optimizing signal timing improves sustainability metrics (e.g., fuel consumption or “FC”). Historically, traffic agencies have retimed signal timing to improve mobility measures (e.g., delays). However, optimizing signals to reduce delays does not necessarily mitigate sustainability measures. Hence, this study introduces an approach that integrates a newly derived surrogate measure for FC, traffic microsimulation software, and a stochastic genetic algorithm. This approach optimizes signal timing to reduce the surrogate measure and reduce sustainability metrics. This study also evaluated the impact of heavy vehicles’ presence in a fleet on signal timing and FC savings. A 13-intersection arterial on Washington Street in the Chicago metro area served as a case study. Optimized signal timing delivered solutions that balanced both sustainability and mobility. The estimated excess FC savings ranged between 8 and 12% under moderate operating conditions, with no heavy vehicles, compared to the initial signal timing. The savings reached up to ~14% when many heavy vehicles existed on the side streets. Most of the improvements came without worsening traffic-mobility efficiency, which shows the possibility of a fair tradeoff between mobility and sustainability. All optimization scenarios showed that a slightly longer cycle length than the one implemented in the field is required to reduce FC.