bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wet chemical synthesis of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite flakes: effect of pH and sintering temperature on structural and morphological properties
Authors: Rodríguez-Lugo V. , Karthik T. V. K. , Mendoza-Anaya D. , Rubio-Rosas E. , Villaseñor Cerón L. S. , Reyes-Valderrama M. I. , Salinas-Rodríguez E.
Published: August 2018

Wet chemical synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanostructures was carried out with different solution pH values (9, 10 and 11) and sintering temperatures (300°C, 500°C, 700°C and 900°C). The effects of pH and sintering temperature on the structural and morphological properties of nanocrystalline HAp powders were presented. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were performed to obtain the crystalline structure, chemical composition, morphology and particle size of the HAp powders. The TEM analysis is used in order to observe the rod- and flake-like HAp structures. XRD confirms the presence of both HAp hexagonal and monetite phases, although the monetite phase was less abundant in the resultant powders. Increase in pH reduced the monetite phase and enhanced Ca/P ratio from 1.7 to 1.83. Additionally, an increment in sintering temperature increased the crystallite size from 20 to 56 nm. The SEM analysis revealed the formation of semi-spherical and flake-like HAp structures with preferential flake morphology. An increase in pH and sintering temperature resulted in the growth and coalescence of crystals resulting in a porous capsular morphology. The FTIR analysis confirmed the reduction of carbonate stretching modes with an increase in pH and H–O–H antisymmetric stretching mode is eliminated for powders sintered at 900°C confirming the formation of stable and porous HAp powders.
The onset of ecological diversification 50 years after colonization of a crater lake by haplochromine cichlid fishes
Authors: Moser Florian N. , van Rijssel Jacco C. , Mwaiko Salome , Meier Joana I. , Ngatunga Benjamin , Seehausen Ole
Published: August 2018

Adaptive radiation research typically relies on the study of evolution in retrospective, leaving the predictive value of the concept hard to evaluate. Several radiations, including the cichlid fishes in the East African Great Lakes, have been studied extensively, yet no study has investigated the onset of the intraspecific processes of niche expansion and differentiation shortly after colonization of an adaptive zone by cichlids. Haplochromine cichlids of one of the two lineages that seeded the Lake Victoria radiation recently arrived in Lake Chala, a lake perfectly suited for within-lake cichlid speciation. Here, we infer the colonization and demographic history, quantify phenotypic, ecological and genomic diversity and diversification, and investigate the selection regime to ask if the population shows signs of diversification resembling the onset of adaptive radiation. We find that since their arrival in the lake, haplochromines have colonized a wide range of depth habitats associated with ecological and morphological expansion and the beginning of phenotypic differentiation and potentially nascent speciation, consistent with the very early onset of an adaptive radiation process. Moreover, we demonstrate evidence of rugged phenotypic fitness surfaces, indicating that current ecological selection may contribute to the phenotypic diversification.
Kingdom-wide comparison reveals conserved diurnal gene expression in Archaeplastida
Authors: Ferrari Camilla , Proost Sebastian , Janowski Marcin , Becker Jörg , Nikoloski Zoran , Bhattacharya Debashish , Price Dana , Tohge Takayuki , Bar-Even Arren , Fernie Alisdair , Stitt Mark , Mutwil Marek
Published: August 2018

Plants have adapted to the diurnal light-dark cycle by establishing elaborate transcriptional programs that coordinate innumerable metabolic, physiological, and developmental responses to the external environment. These transcriptional programs have been studied in only a few species, and their function and conservation across algae and plants is currently unknown. We performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of the diurnal cycle of nine members of Archaeplastida, and we observed that, despite large phylogenetic distances and dramatic differences in morphology and lifestyle, diurnal transcriptional programs of these organisms are similar. However, the establishment of multicellularity coincided with the uncoupling of cell division from the diurnal cycle and decreased diurnal control of the expression of the biological pathways. Hence, our study provides evidence for the universality of diurnal gene expression and elucidates its evolutionary history among different photosynthetic eukaryotes.
The comparative and genetic methods for East European Unionidae taxonomy
Authors: Anisimova Aleksandra S. , Abdrakhmanov Alibek , Neretina Tatyana V. , Kondrashov Alexey S. , Bogatov Victor V.
Published: August 2018

Taxonomy of freshwater mussels from family Unionidae has been ambiguous for a long time. A number of methods used for their identification, including the so-called comparative method, are based on shell morphology. However, this morphology turned out to have a high level of within-species variation, and the shape of the shell of a specimen depends strongly on its environment and conditions of growth. For these reasons, the number of species recognized by the comparative method kept increasing. We applied both the comparative morphological method and methods of molecular genetics to address the taxonomy of Unionidae. We performed the comprehensive study of 70 specimens of Unionidae mussels collected from the River Ivitza, Volga basin. The specimens represented 14 comparative species, belonging to 4 comparative genera of Unionidae: Colletopterum, Pseudanodonta, Unio and Crassiana. Sequencing of the nuclear (ITS1) and mitochondrial (COI, 16S rDNA) genetic regions revealed 5 groups with high within-group genetic homogeneity separated from each other by long genetic distances. According to the comparison with the available sequences, these groups correspond to 3 Eastern European genera and 5 species: Anodonta anatina, Pseudanodonta complanata, Unio pictorum, Unio tumidus and Unio crassus. The results obtained indicate that the comparative method is inappropriate for the taxonomic analysis of East European Unionidae.
The Subjective Value of Cognitive Effort is Encoded by a Domain-General Valuation Network
Authors: Westbrook Andrew , Lamichhane Bidhan , Braver Todd
Published: August 2018

Cognitive control is necessary for goal-directed behavior, yet people treat control as costly, discounting goal value by cognitive demands in a similar manner as they would for delayed or risky outcomes. It is unclear, however, whether a putatively domain-general valuation network implicated in other cost domains also encodes the subjective value (SV) of cognitive effort. Here, we demonstrate that a valuation network, centered on the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum, also encodes SV during cognitive effort-based decision-making. We doubly dissociate this network from a primarily frontoparietal network recruited as a function of decision difficulty. We also find evidence that SV signals predict choice and are influenced by state and trait motivation, including sensitivity to reward and anticipated task performance. These findings unify cognitive effort with other cost domains, and inform physiological mechanisms of SV representations underlying the willingness to expend cognitive effort.
Decoupling between causal understanding and awareness during learning and inference
Authors: Lee Jihyea , Kralik Jerald D. , Cha YuJin , Heo Suyeon , Lee Sang Wan
Published: August 2018

Causal reasoning is a principal higher-cognitive ability of humans, however, much remains unknown, including (a) the type (systematic versus intermixed) and order (inductive-then-deductive or vice versa) of experience that best achieves causal-chain extraction; (b) how inferences generalize to novel problems, especially with one-shot experience; and (c) how metacognition, reflected in uncertainty of one’s knowledge, relates to actual knowledge. We tested people on a realistic cancer biology task (e.g., ‘seroc’ chemicals inducing tumors with subsequent effects). Systematic experience was superior, with some evidence that the inductive-then-deductive order promoted stronger one-shot generalization. Notably, uncertainty was decoupled from actual knowledge, with the deductive-then-inductive group being overconfident, likely reflecting lack of awareness of the inductive component; while those with successful one-shot generalization held lower confidence, reflecting generalization with minimal experience, while remaining skeptical. Our findings clarify processes underlying causal reasoning, and reveal a complex relationship between causal reasoning and metacognitive awareness of it.
Key to identification of starch grains used as foods
Authors: Medeiros Artur Manoel Leite , Marques Carlos Alexandre
Published: August 2018

The description of starch grains is important in different areas, such as bromatological, taxonomic, or archaeobotanic analyzes, among others. Although there are data on the microscopic description of starches used as foods, this work has proposed the development of a key to identify the starch grains in 13 raw materials obtained in specialized stores, markets and fairs to facilitate its identification. For optical microscopy, the material was deposited on a slide, being sealed with a coverslip in 50% glycerin. The samples were also mounted on double-sided tape and colloidal graphite on aluminum stubs and analyzed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Therefore, an unpublished starch identification key is proposed, together with the update of important data for its morphological description.
Stable biphasic interfaces for open microfluidic platforms
Authors: Lee Ulri N. , Berthier Jean , Yu Jiaquan , Berthier Erwin , Theberge Ashleigh B.
Published: August 2018

We present an open microfluidic platform that enables stable flow of an organic solvent over an aqueous solution. The device features apertures connecting a lower aqueous channel to an upper solvent compartment that is open to air, enabling easy removal of the solvent for analysis. We have previously shown that related open biphasic systems enable steroid hormone extraction from human cells in microscale culture and secondary metabolite extraction from microbial culture; here we build on our prior work by determining conditions under which the system can be used with extraction solvents of ranging polarities, a critical feature for applying this extraction platform to diverse classes of metabolites. We develop an analytical model that predicts the limits of stable aqueous-organic interfaces based on analysis of Laplace pressure. With this analytical model and experimental testing, we developed generalized design rules for creating stable open microfluidic biphasic systems with solvents of varying densities, aqueous-organic interfacial tensions, and polarities. The stable biphasic interfaces afforded by this device will enable on-chip extraction of diverse metabolite structures and novel applications in microscale biphasic chemical reactions.
A feature selection strategy for gene expression time series experiments with hidden Markov models
Authors: Cárdenas-Ovando Roberto A. , Fernández-Figueroa Edith A. , Rueda-Zárate Héctor A. , Noguez Julieta , Rangel-Escarenõ Claudia
Published: August 2018

Studies conducted in time series could be far more informative than those questioning at a specific moment in time. However, when it comes to genomic data, time points are sparse creating the need for a constant search for methods capable of extracting information out of experiments of this kind. We propose a feature selection algorithm embedded in a hidden Markov model applied to gene expression time course data on either single or even multiple biological conditions. For the latter, in a simple case-control study features or genes are selected under the assumption of no change over time for the control samples, while the case group must have at least one change. The proposed model reduces the feature space according to a two-state hidden Markov model. The two states define change/no-change in gene expression. Features are ranked in consonance with three scores: number of changes across time, magnitude of such changes and quality of replicates as a measure of how much they deviate from the mean. An important highlight is that this strategy overcomes the few samples limitation, common in genomic experiments through a process of data transformation and rearrangement. To prove this method, our strategy was applied to three publicly available data sets. Results show that feature domain is reduced to up to 90% leaving only few but relevant features yet with findings consistent to those previously reported. Moreover, our strategy proved to be robust, stable and working on studies where sample size is an issue otherwise. Hence, even with two biological replicates and/or three time points our method proves to work well.
APS Data Management System
Authors: Veseli Siniša , Schwarz Nicholas , Schmitz Collin
Published: August 2018

As the capabilities of modern X-ray detectors and acquisition technologies increase, so do the data rates and volumes produced at synchrotron beamlines. This brings into focus a number of challenges related to managing data at such facilities, including data transfer, near real-time data processing, automated processing pipelines, data storage, handling metadata and remote user access to data. The Advanced Photon Source Data Management System software is designed to help beamlines deal with these issues. This paper presents the system architecture and describes its components and functionality; the system's current usage is discussed, examples of its use have been provided and future development plans are outlined.
Estimating child mortality attributable to war in Yemen
Authors: Jenkins Dlorah , Marktanner Marcus , Merkel Almuth D. , Sedik David
Published: August 2018

Purpose

Quantifying the burden of war (BOW) beyond battle deaths is often impossible in ongoing conflicts. Consequently, indirect consequences of war can be overlooked in public BOW discussions. This paper aims to introduce a simulation model to estimate indirect child mortality attributable to war. Yemen was chosen as the example case because indirect child mortality from war likely outpaces direct casualties in the Yemen conflict.

Design/methodology/approach

A fixed effects panel regression was used to estimate elasticities between child mortality rate (CMR) (the rate of deaths among children under five years of age, per 1,000 live births) and two effects of war assumed to have the greatest explanatory power toward CMR: economic deterioration (measured by changes GDP per capita) and conflict magnitude (via the Major Episodes of Political Violence dataset). These elasticities were then used in a model to estimate the CMR in Yemen up to the year 2020.

Findings

Regression results suggest that Yemen’s CMR increased by more than 50 per cent from 54.2 in 2010 to 83.9 in 2017. If this trend continues, the mean CMR will almost double from its 2010 value to 102.9 in 2020. By 2020, the model estimates cumulative child deaths at over 185,000.

Originality/value

Lack of information about the indirect consequences of war biases the tradeoff between humanitarian and military objectives toward the latter. This information asymmetry can prolong conflicts. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to more informed debate and humanitarian programming by making vital information accessible to the public and decision-makers.
Urban consolidation centre – a literature review, categorisation, and a future research agenda
Authors: Björklund Maria , Johansson Henrik
Published: August 2018

Purpose

Urban consolidation centre (UCC) is a popular initiative targeting the challenge of negative environmental and social impacts from freight transports in cities. Despite this, UCC often fails in practice, which indicates a knowledge gap. Furthermore, research within the field can be described as fragmented, transdisciplinary and fast growing. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the field by describing dominant categories and themes within the area, identify gaps in order to propose a future research agenda, and provide insights into the needs of practitioners.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review (SLR) targeting journal articles based on UCCs has been constructed with a supplementary snowball approach. A content analysis was performed to categorise themes in the research on UCCs and to identify research gaps, both within and outside the categories identified.

Findings

Despite substantial research on UCC, very little research ends up in academic journals. In all, 56 articles address UCC. The most common topics were the role of stakeholders, design of distribution structures and transport resources, environmental and social consideration, and economic considerations. Much focus is directed towards finding “optimal” solutions and designs for potential initiatives with very little, if any, consideration to financial viability or the management of the UCC initiative.

Research limitations/implications

This research points out existing gaps in the literature and proposes a future research agenda with UCCs as the focus. For example, although environmental and social arguments are often applied to justify the implementation of UCCs, few studies measure or evaluate their impact. Another important research gap is the economical consideration, both how to generate revenue and how to consider economies of scale.

Practical implications

The practical contribution of most studies is directed towards municipalities. Few findings are presented in a way to support companies. Additionally, by bridging the gaps related to how stakeholders can collaborate and describe what is happening in a UCC, practitioners can use such information as guidelines.

Originality/value

The results provide a research agenda for the fragmented research targeting UCCs, supporting the viability of future initiatives.
CSR-consumption paradox: examination of UK apparel companies
Authors: Yu Mei , Cao Dongmei , Tan Juh Yan
Published: August 2018

Purpose

Despite extensive study into various aspects of corporate social responsibility (CSR), the effect on consumer behaviour is less explored. A growing amount of research is concerned with the phenomenon that CSR has a minor effect on actual purchases although CSR practices enhance consumers’ purchase intentions. This is documented as the CSR-consumption paradox and is yet to be resolved. The purpose of this paper is to further understand this paradox.

Design/methodology/approach

Questionnaires were administered face-to-face to consumers in Birmingham. These questionnaires concern consumer behaviour in relation to CSR practices of 21 popular apparel companies in the UK.

Findings

Results suggest that consumers’ pro-social priority is significantly related to pro-social consumption and that consumers’ awareness of CSR practices is insignificantly associated with their purchase behaviour. The pro-social consumption does not differ significantly among different demographic groups.

Research limitations/implications

To explore the external motivational factors in consumers’ decision making will be a potential research direction in future.

Practical implications

The empirical results provide implications for UK apparel marketers and policy makers to engage and motivate socially responsible consumers so as to reap strategic rewards for their CSR efforts.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the knowledge of socially responsible consumption and how it is affected by CSR.
Food Safety Issues Related to Uses of Insects for Feeds and Foods
Authors: van der Fels‐Klerx H. J. , Camenzuli L. , Belluco S. , Meijer N. , Ricci A.
Published: August 2018

Edible insects are expected to become an important nutrient source for animals and humans in the Western world in the near future. However, before insects can be put on the market, the safety of their use for feed and food is warranted. This literature study was prepared to provide an overview of the actual knowledge of possible food safety hazards, including chemical, microbiological, and allergenic agents and prions, to human and animal health upon the use of insects for food and feed, and to highlight data gaps and suggest the way forward. From the data available, heavy metals of concern are cadmium in black soldier fly and arsenic in yellow mealworm larvae. Investigated mycotoxins do not seem to accumulate. Residues of pesticides, veterinary drugs, and hormones, as well as dioxins and PCBs, are sometimes found in insects. Contamination of insects with pathogens to human health is a consequence of a combination of the substrates used and the farming and processing steps applied. Insects harbor a wide variety of microorganisms, and some human pathogenic bacteria may be present. In addition, insects may harbor and transmit parasites. There is no evidence so far insects may harbor pathogenic viruses or prions, but they may act as vectors. Insects and insect‐derived products may have allergenic potential. In this review, evidence on some safety aspects is displayed, and data gaps are identified. Recommendations are given for future research to fill the most relevant data gaps.
Neuronal histamine and the memory of emotionally salient events
Authors: Provensi Gustavo , Passani Maria Beatrice , Costa Alessia , Izquierdo Ivan , Blandina Patrizio
Published: August 2018

In this review, we describe the experimental paradigms used in preclinical studies to unravel the histaminergic brain circuits that modulate the formation and retrieval of memories associated with aversive events. Emotionally arousing events, especially bad ones, are remembered more accurately, clearly and for longer periods of time than neutral ones. Maladaptive elaborations of these memories may eventually constitute the basis of psychiatric disorders such as generalized anxiety, obsessive–compulsive disorders and post‐traumatic stress disorder. A better understanding of the role of the histaminergic system in learning and memory has not only a theoretical significance but also a translational value. Ligands of histamine receptors are among the most used drugs worldwide; hence, understanding the impact of these compounds on learning and memory may help improve their pharmacological profile and unravel unexplored therapeutic applications.

Linked Articles

This article is part of a themed section on New Uses for 21st Century. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.3/issuetoc
Homeotic transformation of tails into limbs in anurans
Authors: Morioka Sho , Mohanty‐Hejmadi Priyambada , Yaoita Yoshio , Tazawa Ichiro
Published: August 2018

Anuran tadpoles can regenerate their tails after amputation. However, they occasionally form ectopic limbs instead of the lost tail part after vitamin A treatment. This is regarded as an example of a homeotic transformation. In this phenomenon, the developmental fate of the tail blastema is apparently altered from that of a tail to that of limbs, indicating a realignment of positional information in the blastema. Morphological observations and analyses of the development of skeletal elements during the process suggest that positional information in the blastema is rewritten from tail to trunk specification under the influence of vitamin A, resulting in limb formation. Despite the extensive information gained from morphological observations, a comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon also requires molecular data. We review previous studies related to anuran homeotic transformation. The findings of these studies provide a basis for evaluating major hypotheses and identifying molecular data that should be prioritized in future studies. Finally, we argue that positional information for the tail blastema changes to that for a part of the trunk, leading to homeotic transformations. To suggest this hypothesis, we present published data that favor the rewriting of positional information.
The best spatial scale of firm innovation networks: Evidence from Shanghai high‐tech firms
Authors: Cao Xianzhong , Zeng Gang , Teng Tangwei , Si Yuefang
Published: August 2018

Innovation networks are the channel of firms’ access to knowledge. Taking Shanghai high‐tech firms as a case study, this paper discusses the differences among biomedical, electronic information, new materials and equipment manufacturing firms from different spatial scales such as the global, local, and glocal. The spatial scale of firm innovation networks is divided into global, national, city and glocal scales The efficiency of national innovation networks is the highest, followed by glocal innovation networks, while city and global innovation network efficiency is lower. The efficiency of high‐tech firm innovation networks is affected by industrial characteristics and spatial distance. The differences in efficiency among innovation networks of Shanghai high‐tech firms are significant.
Exploring patients’ and healthcare professionals’ experiences of patient‐witnessed resuscitation: A qualitative study protocol
Authors: Fiori Martina , Endacott Ruth , Latour Jos M.
Published: August 2018

Aim

The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of patients and healthcare professionals regarding patients witnessing resuscitation on another patient in hospital clinical wards.

Design

Phenomenological qualitative study.

Methods

Participants will be recruited from nine wards in a university hospital in England. Data collection will include two in‐depth interviews with patients who witnessed resuscitation: the first interview one week after witnessing resuscitation and the second interview after one month. Individual and focus group interviews with healthcare professionals will be also conducted. Data will be transcribed, managed in NVivo 11 and analysed using phenomenological analysis. The National Health Service, Health Research Authority and University Ethics Committee approved the study (May 2018). The study is funded by Resuscitation Council UK (December 2017) and will be conducted between May 2018–March 2019.

Conclusion

While witnessed resuscitation is a major topic of interest in nursing, specific research on the impact of patients who witness resuscitation on fellow patients is limited. This study will use qualitative methodology to inform the evidence base of a clinical problem with limited understanding. The findings of this study will contribute to the framework of witnessed resuscitation and to identifying the barriers and enablers towards a greater support of patients who witness resuscitation in hospital. This new acquired knowledge will be beneficial to the improvement of future nursing care.

Impact

The evidence gained from this study can support the development and implementation of guidelines and inform hospital policies to support patients witnessing resuscitation to optimize the quality of nursing care provided.
Symptom clustering in patients with childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Chiang Yi‐Chien , Huang Jing‐Long , Wang Chao‐Hui , Lee Hsiang‐Chun , Lee Ming‐Ying , Hsiao Ya‐Chu
Published: August 2018

Aims

To: (a) explore the prevalence of the symptoms perceived by patients with childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus; (b) identify the symptom clusters occurring in patients with childhood‐onset Systemic lupus erythematosus; and (c) examine the association of the burden of each symptom cluster with sleep quality and depression.

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an inflammatory autoimmune disease that may result in patients' perception of various symptoms, with possible negative effects on their quality of life. Understanding the prevalence of symptoms perceived by childhood‐onset Systemic lupus erythematosus patients and the disease's symptom clusters may be helpful in managing such burdensome symptoms.

Design

A correlational study design was used for this study in 2016.

Methods

Self‐reported data from the Systemic lupus erythematosus symptom checklist were used to assess the symptoms perceived by patients. Symptom clusters were analysed using cluster analysis.

Results

Seventy‐five patients were included in this study. The most prevalent and burdensome symptom perceived by patients was fatigue. Five clusters were derived, including symptoms related to pain and itching; bruises and stomach complaints; weight gain; body image and circulatory problems; and fatigue. A poor sleeper may perceive a greater symptom burden in all five of the symptom clusters, except for cluster #3, which refers to symptoms related to weight gain.

Conclusion

Five symptom clusters were identified. It is hoped that this study will give useful knowledge for understanding the symptom clusters for patients with Systemic lupus erythematosus and for improving nursing care quality.
Use of antimicrobial agent pocket irrigation for cardiovascular implantable electronic device infection prophylaxis: Results from an international survey
Authors: Zheng Qi , Di Biase Luigi , Ferrick Kevin J. , Gross Jay N. , Guttenplan Nils A. , Kim Soo G. , Krumerman Andrew K. , Palma Eugen C. , Fisher John D.
Published: August 2018

Purpose

Survey the usage and application protocol of antimicrobial agent pocket irrigation for cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) infection prophylaxis.

Background

Local antibiotic usage for CIED infection prophylaxis, in particular pocket irrigation, is a well‐known strategy but with little data on its clinical effectiveness.

Methods

An anonymous voluntary online survey was sent to a total of 2,092 arrhythmia‐oriented cardiologists in 51 countries (1,490 from the United States).

Results

There were 487 responses (response rate 23.3%: U.S. 28.2%, outside of the U.S. 11.1%). Eighty‐seven percent of respondents use intraoperative antimicrobial agent pocket irrigation and/or an antimicrobial eluting pouch to reduce CIED infection. Fifty‐four percent of respondents believe that it is effective to use an antimicrobial agent pocket irrigation to reduce CIED infection; 33% of respondents are uncertain; a few consider this strategy ineffective (13%) or offered no opinion. Significant differences exist in the practice patterns and beliefs between the U.S. and non‐U.S. countries (P < 0.05). Ninety‐eight percent of respondents report using the same pocket irrigation protocol for permanent pacemaker versus implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Bacitracin (48%), vancomycin (39%), and a cephalosporin (29%) are the most commonly chosen antibiotics. A majority of the respondents are unaware of the cost of using antimicrobial agent pocket irrigation (69%) and neither are they concerned (67%).

Conclusion

This international survey suggests that, while there are little clinical data to support or discourage such practice, the usage of antimicrobial agent pocket irrigation for CIED infection prophylaxis is widely used in current practice.
Synthetic matrix enhances transplanted satellite cell engraftment in dystrophic and aged skeletal muscle with comorbid trauma
Authors: Han Woojin M. , Anderson Shannon E. , Mohiuddin Mahir , Barros Daniela , Nakhai Shadi A. , Shin Eunjung , Amaral Isabel Freitas , Pêgo Ana Paula , García Andrés J. , Jang Young C.
Published: August 2018

Synthetic designer matrix enhances muscle stem cell function and engraftment in injured dystrophic and aged skeletal muscles.
A mouse model of 22q11.2 deletions: Molecular and behavioral signatures of Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia
Authors: Sumitomo Akiko , Horike Kouta , Hirai Kazuko , Butcher Nancy , Boot Erik , Sakurai Takeshi , Nucifora Frederick C. , Bassett Anne S. , Sawa Akira , Tomoda Toshifumi
Published: August 2018

22q11.2 deletions, a genetic risk for schizophrenia, could be susceptible to Parkinson’s disease through elevated expression of α-synuclein.
Mechanism of calmodulin inactivation of the calcium-selective TRP channel TRPV6
Authors: Singh Appu K. , McGoldrick Luke L. , Twomey Edward C. , Sobolevsky Alexander I.
Published: August 2018

Cryo-EM structures of the epithelial calcium channel TRPV6-calmodulin complex reveal a mechanism of Ca
2+
-induced inactivation.
Children conform, adults resist: A robot group induced peer pressure on normative social conformity
Authors: Vollmer Anna-Lisa , Read Robin , Trippas Dries , Belpaeme Tony
Published: August 2018

Children increasingly yielded to social pressure exerted by a group of robots; however, adults resisted being influenced by our robots.
On the behavior of cross-sections of charged particle-induced reactions of 181Ta target
Authors: Yiğit M. , Korkmaz M. E.
Published: August 2018

The production of nuclear energy from fusion reaction with no CO2 emission is one of the most attractive sources for the future. The unprecedented physical and mechanical properties for structural materials are very important in the nuclear fusion reactor design. So, tantalum material is a valuable candidate for plasma-facing materials in the fusion devices. In this paper, nuclear excitation functions for the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] reactions are obtained using the nuclear codes TALYS 1.8 and ALICE/ASH. The contribution of pre-equilibrium and equilibrium processes in these reactions is investigated. In the calculations, the Weisskopf–Ewing and Hauser–Feshbach formalisms for the equilibrium particle emission, and the two-component exciton, hybrid and geometry-dependent hybrid formalisms for the pre-equilibrium particle emission are used. Hence, the cross-sections calculated are compared with the measured values. It is observed that the cross-section results of the geometry-dependent hybrid model match fairly well with the experimental measurements.
Effect of van der Waals force on wave propagation in viscoelastic double-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Tang Yugang , Liu Ying
Published: August 2018

In this paper, the influence of van der Waals force on the wave propagation in viscoelastic double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) is investigated. The governing equations of wave motion are derived based on the nonlocal strain gradient theory and double-walled Timoshenko beam model. The effects of viscosity, van der Waals force, as well as size effects on the wave propagation in DWCNTs are clarified. The results show that effects of van der Waals force on waves in inner and outer layers of DWCNTs are different. Flexural wave (FW) in outer layer and shear wave (SW) in inner layer are sensitive to van der Waals force, and display new phenomena. This new finding may provide some useful guidance in the acoustic design of nanostructures with DWCNTs as basic elements.
Broadband terahertz dielectric measurement based on multi-beam interference and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer
Authors: Shi Jie , Wang Mao-Rong , Zhong Kai , Liu Chu , Mei Jia-Lin , Xu De-Gang , Yao Jian-Quan
Published: August 2018

We demonstrate a method for obtaining optical coefficients over a broad terahertz spectral range from 1.5 THz to 16 THz at room temperature. Based on the interferograms directly acquired by a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), multi-beam interference principle combining Fresnel’s formula is employed to extract the refraction index and the extinction coefficient, giving the basis for calculating dielectric coefficients. It avoids the uncertainty and phase instability while using Kramers–Kronig (KK) relations and overcomes the limited frequency range of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS). Moreover, this method has better stability and is needless of cutting useful information between neighboring interference peaks for thin samples compared with TDS, making it a general processing method for interferograms and a good alternative for terahertz dielectric measurement.
Stock and Labor Market Synchronization and Income Inequality: Evidence from OECD Countries
Authors: Li Jie , Ouyang Alice Y.
Published: August 2018

This paper formally tests how the synchronization of stock and labor markets can affect income inequality. The responsiveness of stock and labor markets to a monetary expansion is different, i.e., a stock market, in general, tends to respond much faster than labor market. When there is monetary expansion, stock market participants (usually the rich) can enjoy capital gains quicker than labor market participants (usually the poor). However, if a labor market is more synchronized with a stock market, the capital gains a rich can enjoy in a stock market would be faster matched by labor market response, leading to a shrinking income inequality. We empirically confirm the prediction with different synchronization measures, controlling endogeneity issues.
Symmetry-Breaking Cilia-Driven Flow in Embryogenesis
Authors: Smith David J. , Montenegro-Johnson Thomas D. , Lopes Susana S.
Published: August 2018

The systematic breaking of left–right body symmetry is a familiar feature of human physiology. In humans and many animals, this process originates with asymmetric fluid flow driven by rotating cilia, occurring in a short-lived embryonic organizing structure termed the node. The very low–Reynolds number fluid mechanics of this system is reviewed; important features include how cilia rotation combines with tilt to produce asymmetric flow, boundary effects, time dependence, and the interpretation of particle tracking experiments. The effect of perturbing cilia length and number is discussed and compared in mouse and zebrafish. Whereas understanding of this process has advanced significantly over the past two decades, there is still no consensus on how flow is converted to asymmetric gene expression, with most research focusing on resolving mechanical versus morphogen sensing. The underlying process may be more subtle, probably involving a combination of these effects, with fluid mechanics playing a central role.
Indoxyl Sulfate Elimination in Renal Replacement Therapy: Influence of Citrate- versus Acetate-Buffering Component during Bicarbonate Dialysis
Authors: Hyšpler Radomír , Tichá Alena , Šafránek Roman , Moučka Petr , Nývltová Zora , Štochlová Karolína , Dusilová-Sulková Sylvie , Zadák Zdeněk
Published: August 2018

Indoxyl sulfate has been identified as a major factor in the dysregulation of several genes. It is classified as a poorly dialyzable uremic toxin and thus a leading cause in the poor survival rate of dialysis patients. A monocentric, prospective, open cohort study was performed in 43 male patients undergoing chronic renal replacement therapy in a single hemodialysis center. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of acetate- versus citrate-buffered dialysis fluids in hemodialysis (HD) and postdilution hemodiafiltration (HDF) settings on the elimination of indoxyl sulfate. Also, additional factors potentially influencing the serum concentration of indoxyl sulfate were evaluated. For this purpose, the predialysis and postdialysis concentration ratio of indoxyl sulfate and total protein was determined. The difference was of 1.15 (0.61; 2.10), 0.89 (0.53; 1.66), 0.32 (0.07; 0.63), and 0.44 (0.27; 0.77) μmol/g in acetate HD and HDF and citrate HD and HDF, respectively. Acetate HD and HDF were superior when concerning IS elimination when compared to citrate HD and HDF. Moreover, residual diuresis was determined as the only predictor of lower indoxyl sulfate concentration, suggesting that it should be preserved as long as possible. This trial is registered with EU PAS Register of Studies EUPAS23714.
Effects of Systemic Simvastatin on the Concentrations of Visfatin, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, and Interleukin-6 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Bahammam Maha A. , Attia Mai S.
Published: August 2018

Purpose. The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between the levels of interleukin- (IL-) 6, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, and visfatin and simvastatin usage, in the gingival crevicular fluids (GCFs) of diabetic patients afflicted with chronic periodontitis. Methods. Eighty outpatients at the Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University Dental Hospital (King Abdulaziz University), were categorized into 4 groups (20 patients per group), on the basis of radiological evaluation of bone loss, clinical attachment levels (CAL), probing depth (PD), and gingival indices: group 1 (healthy periodontium), group 2 (chronic periodontitis + type 2 diabetes), group 3 (chronic periodontitis), and group 4 (type 2 diabetes + chronic periodontitis + simvastatin). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure IL-6, TNF-α, and visfatin levels. Results. Significantly elevated levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and visfatin were seen in group 2 in comparison to groups 1 and 3. Reduced levels were seen in group 4 due to simvastatin usage. Positive association was seen between periodontal variables and the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and visfatin. Conclusion. Periodontal destruction and diabetes have a synergistic effect on the elevation of inflammatory cytokine levels. Simvastatin may be beneficial in improving periodontal health among diabetic patients.
New species and new records of Coryphorus Peters, 1981 (Ephemeroptera: Coryphoridae) from Brazil
Authors: LIMA LUCAS R. C. , NASCIMENTO STÊNIO R. S. , BOLDRINI RAFAEL
Published: August 2018

A new species Coryphorus is presented,  based on recent collections from Northeastern Brazil and specimens deposited in the Museu Regional de Entomologia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFVB) and Coleção Zoológica da Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR). Coryphorus molinerii sp. nov. is described based on male imagos and can be distinguished by the penis with rounded margins and forceps with segment II narrow and sharpening towards apex. Besides, C. aquilus Peters, (1981) is reported for Tocantins State for the first time.
Copelatus Erichson, 1832 from Maharashtra, India, with description of three new species and notes on other taxa of the genus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Copelatinae)
Authors: SHETH SAYALI D. , GHATE HEMANT V. , HÁJEK JIŘÍ
Published: August 2018

The Copelatus species occurring in Maharashtra State, India, are reviewed. Altogether, nine species are recorded, three of which are described as new: Copelatus deccanensis sp. nov. (C. nigrolineatus species group), C. maushomi sp. nov. (C. consors group) and C. bezdeki sp. nov. (C. irinus group). Habitus and male genitalia are illustrated for all Copelatus species from Maharashtra, a key to the species and distribution maps are presented. New distributional records along with short diagnoses of already known species are provided. In addition, the study of extensive material of Copelatus species from the Indian subcontinent outside Maharashtra revealed the following new synonymies: Copelatus freudei Guignot, 1955 = C. gibsoni Vazirani, 1974 syn. nov. = C. gibsoni Vazirani, 1975 syn. nov. = C. spangleri Vazirani, 1974 syn. nov. = C. spangleri Vazirani, 1975 syn. nov.; Copelatus oblitus Sharp, 1882 = C. karnatakus Holmen & Vazirani, 1990 syn. nov.; C. sociennus J. Balfour-Browne, 1952 = C. bangalorensis Vazirani, 1970 syn. nov.; Copelatus tenebrosus Régimbart, 1880 = C. ceylonicus Vazirani, 1969 syn. nov. = C. assamensis Vazirani, 1970 syn. nov.
Two new species of the spider Family Zodariidae from Laos
Authors: ZHANG BAO-SHI , ZHANG FENG
Published: August 2018

Two new Zodariidae species, collected from the natural forest of Pakse City, Champasak Province, Laos, are described as Asceua adunca sp. nov. (male, female) and Mallinella renaria sp. nov. (male, female). Asceua torquata (Simon, 1909) and A. piperata Ono, 2004 are newly recorded from Laos, and the male of A. piperata is described and illustrated for the first time.
The Plecoptera of Panama. II. Two new species, one new country record, and additional locality records of Anacroneuria (Perlidae) from western Panama
Authors: STARK BILL P. , ARMITAGE BRIAN J.
Published: August 2018

Two new species of Anacroneuria (A. chiriqui sp. n. and A. ngabe sp. n.) are described from Chiriqui Province, Panama, and compared with related species. One new country record, A. divisa (Navás), is herein recorded and new locality records are presented for several species previously reported from Panama. Three unassociated females, including one species from Bocas del Toro province are described under informal designations. There are now 25 described species of Plecoptera known from Panama.
Description of a new catfish, Silurus tomodai (Siluriformes: Siluridae) from central Japan
Authors: HIBINO YUSUKE , TABATA RYOICHI
Published: August 2018

A new catfish, Silurus tomodai, is described based on 37 specimens; 132-514 mm > 139-514 mm [132–514 mm standard length (SL)] collected from streams of Mie, Aichi, Gifu, Shizuoka and Nagano prefectures of central Honshu Island, Japan. Although S. tomodai is closely related to S. lithophilus (Tomoda, 1961) based on partial mitochondrial DNA sequences, the former can be distinguished from the latter by the position of dorsal fin (predorsal-fin length 28.5–32.1% vs. 30.1–33.7% SL), a shorter head (18.5–21.2% vs. 19.5–22.2% SL) that is more broadly rounded in ventral view, a more slender body (depth at 10th anal-fin ray 12.9–18.3% vs. 15.7–18.8% SL, and 86.8–100.3% vs. 97.2–109.7% of body depth at anal-fin origin), longer mandibular barbel [20.4–47.7% vs. 10.7–35.3% of head length (HL)], shorter anal-fin rays (10th anal-fin ray length 32.2–38.3% vs. 37.3–45.3% HL), eye slightly protruding laterally beyond profile in dorsal view, and the shape of medial depression on anterior face of mesethmoid (deep and narrow vs. shallow and wide). Silurus tomodai differs from S. asotus, a species widely distributed in Japan including central Honshu Island, in the shape of vomerine-tooth band (typically separated into two distinct lenticular patches vs. continuous), the shape and size of teeth (small and slightly recurved vs. relatively large and recurved), snout length (34.7–38.9% vs. 33.0–36.5% HL), the length of lower jaw (110–124% vs. 124–138% of snout length), interorbital width (53.0–61.3% vs. 46.3–52.8% HL), eye location (vertical through anterior margin of pupil usually posterior vs. anterior terminus of lips), inter-mandibular barbel width (24.7–32.5% vs. 21.7–26.7% HL), vertebral count (62–65 vs. 58–63), pigmentation on underside of head (usually mottled with dark pigmentation vs. uniformly white, rarely dark with pale band along posteroventral margin of lower jaw) and eggs yellow (vs. light green).
Dynamics of Extreme Stratospheric Negative Heat Flux Events in an Idealized Model
Authors: Dunn-Sigouin Etienne , Shaw Tiffany
Published: August 2018

Recent work has shown that extreme stratospheric wave-1 negative heat flux events couple with the troposphere via an anomalous wave-1 signal. Here, a dry dynamical core model is used to investigate the dynamical mechanisms underlying the events. Ensemble spectral nudging experiments are used to isolate the role of specific dynamical components: 1) the wave-1 precursor, 2) the stratospheric zonal-mean flow, and 3) the higher-order wavenumbers. The negative events are partially reproduced when nudging the wave-1 precursor and the zonal-mean flow whereas they are not reproduced when nudging either separately. Nudging the wave-1 precursor and the higher-order wavenumbers reproduces the events, including the evolution of the stratospheric zonal-mean flow. Mechanism denial experiments, whereby one component is fixed to the climatology and others are nudged to the event evolution, suggest higher-order wavenumbers play a role by modifying the zonal-mean flow and through stratospheric wave–wave interaction. Nudging all tropospheric wave precursors (wave-1 and higher-order wavenumbers) confirms they are the source of the stratospheric waves. Nudging all stratospheric waves reproduces the tropospheric wave-1 signal. Taken together, the experiments suggest the events are consistent with downward wave propagation from the stratosphere to the troposphere and highlight the key role of higher-order wavenumbers.