bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in muscle strength of the hip after rotational acetabular osteotomy
Authors: Enishi Tetsuya , Yagi Hideaki , Higuchi Tadahiro , Takeuchi Makoto , Sato Ryosuke , Yoshioka Shinji , Nakamura Masaru , Nakano Shunji
Published: November 2019

Aims

Rotational acetabular osteotomy (RAO) is an effective joint-preserving surgical treatment for acetabular dysplasia. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in muscle strength, gait speed, and clinical outcome in the operated hip after RAO over a one-year period using a standard protocol for rehabilitation.

Patients and Methods

A total of 57 patients underwent RAO for acetabular dysplasia. Changes in muscle strength of the operated hip, 10 m gait speed, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) hip score, and factors correlated with hip muscle strength after RAO were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

Three months postoperatively, the strength of the operated hip in flexion and abduction and gait speed had decreased from their preoperative levels. After six months, the strength of flexion and abduction had recovered to their preoperative level, as had gait speed. At one-year follow-up, significant improvements were seen in the strength of hip abduction and gait speed, but muscle strength in hip flexion remained at the preoperative level. The mean JOA score for hip function was 91.4 (51 to 100)) at one-year follow-up. Body mass index (BMI) showed a negative correlation with both strength of hip flexion (r = -0.4203) and abduction (r = -0.4589) one year after RAO. Although weak negative correlations were detected between strength of hip flexion one year after surgery and age (r = -0.2755) and centre-edge (CE) angle (r = -0.2989), no correlation was found between the strength of abduction and age and radiological evaluations of CE angle and acetabular roof obliquity (ARO).

Conclusion

Hip muscle strength and gait speed had recovered to their preoperative levels six months after RAO. The clinical outcome at one year was excellent, although the strength of hip flexion did not improve to the same degree as that of hip abduction and gait speed. A higher BMI may result in poorer recovery of hip muscle strength after RAO. Radiologically, acetabular coverage did not affect the recovery of hip muscle strength at one year’s follow-up. A more intensive rehabilitation programme may improve this. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1459–1463.
The use of 4D-CT in assessing wrist kinematics and pathology
Authors: White Jordy , Couzens Greg , Jeffery Chris
Published: November 2019

The wrist is a complex joint involving many small bones and complicated kinematics. It has, therefore, been traditionally difficult to image and ascertain information about kinematics when making a diagnosis. Although MRI and fluoroscopy have been used, they both have limitations. Recently, there has been interest in the use of 4D-CT in imaging the wrist. This review examines the literature regarding the use of 4D-CT in imaging the wrist to assess kinematics and its ability to diagnose pathology. Some questions remain about the description of normal ranges, the most appropriate method of measuring intercarpal stability, the accuracy compared with established standards, and the place of 4D-CT in postoperative assessment.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1325–1330.
Open reduction and internal fixation of clavicular fractures after a delay of three months is associated with an increased risk of complications and revision surgery
Authors: Nicholson Jamie A. , Gribbin Harriet , Clement Nick D. , Robinson Christopher M.
Published: November 2019

Aims

The primary aim of this study was to determine if delayed clavicular fixation results in a greater risk of operative complications and revision surgery.

Patients and Methods

A retrospective case series was undertaken of all displaced clavicular fractures that underwent plate fixation over a ten-year period (2007 to 2017). Patient demographics, time to surgery, complications, and mode of failure were collected. Logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors contributing towards operative complications. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine if a potential ‘safe window’ exists from injury to delayed surgery. Propensity score matching was used to construct a case control study for comparison of risk.

Results

A total of 259 patients were included in the analysis. Postoperative infection occurred in 3.9% of all patients (n = 10); the only variable associated was a greater time interval from injury to fixation (p = 0.001). Failed primary surgery requiring revision fixation was required in 7.7% of the cohort (n = 20), with smoking (p < 0.001), presence of a postoperative infection (p < 0.001), increasing age (p = 0.018), and greater time delay from injury to surgery (p = 0.015) identified as significant independent predictors on regression analysis. ROC analysis revealed that surgery beyond 96 days from injury increased the rate of major complications and revision surgery. Using a matched case cohort of cases before (n = 67) and after (n = 77) the ‘safe window’, the risk of postoperative infection increased (odds ratio (OR) 7.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9 to 62.9; p = 0.028), fixation failure (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.2 to 12.1; p = 0.017) and revision surgery (OR 4.8, 95% CI 1.5 to 15.0; p = 0.004).

Conclusion

A delay to primary fixation of up to three months following injury may be acceptable, beyond which there is an increased risk of major operative complications and revision surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1385–1391.
Total hip arthroplasty planning
Authors: Colombi Alessandro , Schena Daniele , Castelli Claudio Carlo
Published: November 2019

Preoperative planning is mandatory to achieve the restoration of a correct and personalized biomechanics of the hip. The radiographic review is the first and fundamental step in the planning. Limb or pelvis malpositioning during the review results in mislead planning. Correct templating is possible using three different methods: acetate templating on digital X-ray, digital 2D templating on digital X-ray and 3D digital templating on CT scan. Time efficiency, costs, reproducibility and accuracy must be considered when comparing different templating methods. Based on these parameters, acetate templating should not be abandoned; digital templating allows a permanent record of planning and can be electronically viewed by different members of surgical team; 3D templating is intrinsically more accurate. There is no evidence in the few recently published studies that 3D templating impacts positively on clinical outcomes except in difficult cases. The transverse acetabular ligament (TAL) is a reliable intraoperative soft tissue reference to set cup position. Spine–hip relations in osteoarthritic patients undergoing hip joint replacement must be considered.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:626-632. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180075
The 100-year surgical life
Authors: Mortensen Neil
Published: November 2019

Why we will need senior surgeons spending longer in the profession.
Surgical Speed-Meets
Authors: Moulds A
Published: November 2019

This summer, a new engagement initiative brought together surgeons and members of the public to uncover the emotional side of surgery.
Intraoperative audiology: a not very systematic review
Authors: Potter Matt , Kerstein Ryan
Published: November 2019

Our resident gadget geek surveys the tech landscape
Encourage patients not to leave untreated
Authors: Robert Wheeler
Published: November 2019

Each month we take a close look at a recent legal case with implications for the surgical profession.
A EDUCAÇÃO POPULAR COMO PERSPECTIVA EDUCACIONAL DO SEMINÁRIO DAS MULHERES DO CAMPO, DAS ÁGUAS, DAS FLORESTAS E CIDADES DA FURG – CAMPUS SÃO LOURENÇO DO SUL.
Authors: Grellert Ana Paula
Published: November 2019

O presente trabalho pretende dialogar sobre o histórico do Seminário das mulheres do campo, das águas, florestas e cidades que recentemente teve sua quarta edição realizada no Campus da FURG São Lourenço do Sul. A metodologia adotada para realização deste trabalho foi a pesquisa bibiográfica, e também a narrativa da autora como integrante da constituição da proposta da referida ação extencionista da FURG. Destaca a concepção de Educação Popular na perspectiva de Paulo Freire como fio condutor das discussões e como fundamento das práticas advindas do Seminário das mulheres do campo, das águas, florestas e cidades. Apresenta o Campus São Lourenço do Sul como um espaço acadêmico da FURG protagoniza esta ação extencionista. Nas conclusões, reafirmamos a importância do referido evento para a formação dos diferentes sujeitos, ressaltando a necessária articulação com os diferentes atores e a Universidade, de maneira que esta possa cumprir com seu compromisso social.
TERRA PARENTA ANCESTRAL
Authors: Urruth Kuawá Apurinã Maria de Fátima Nascimento , Oliveira Jorge Eremites de
Published: November 2019

O povo Kaiowá sobrevive ao genocídio em curso no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. A terra indígena Taquara localizada no município de Jutì, Brasil é uma das áreas que vivem em constante conflito e violência onde resistem os corpos dos que sobrevivem naquele território. Terra parenta ancestral demonstra a relação visceral e a importância do modo de viver dos Kaiowá. Trazendo as narrativas das mulheres e homens indígenas e as suas percepções sobre a violência que enfrentam cotidianamente pela luta pelo seu modo em busca do bem viver e a relação parental com a terra como parte si mesmo.
MULHERES NEGRAS CONTANDO SUAS PRÓPRIAS HISTÓRIAS: TRAJETÓRIAS DE ATIVISTAS NEGRA NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Da Silva Vanessa Rodrigues
Published: November 2019

Este estudo é parte da pesquisa “Por Diferentes Caminhos chegamos ao Movimento de Mulheres Negras: Trajetórias de Ativistas negras da década 1980 no Rio Grande do Sul” que investigou a trajetória de três ativistas negras do RS. A História Oral foi o  principal suporte deste trabalho, as entrevistas foram conduzidas a fim de perceber a relação entre história social e trajetórias individuais com a intenção de acompanhar, suas trajetórias de vida, até a inserção nos movimentos sociais (MS) e observar como se articularam as percepções de raça e gênero e como estas influenciaram suas identidades, bem como suas formações políticas Os ativismos dessas mulheres, têm demonstrado que os MS tem conseguido expandir a política de raça e de gênero para locais em que elas antes não eram consideradas ou eram invisibilizadas.
Complexo Petroquímico do Rio de Janeiro: a contemporaneidade da resistência na baía de Guanabara - Brazil
Authors: Guerra Wander de Souza Dias
Published: November 2019

O Complexo Petroquímico do Rio de Janeiro é um dos maiores empreendimentos no estado do Rio de janeiro. Desde a época do seu anuncio, em 2007, sempre foi considerado um problema para o meio ambiente e para populações que retiram da natureza o seu sustento, como os pescadores artesanais. A baia de Guanabara é o principal campo dos conflitos ambientais oriundos da indústria petroleira, não sendo diferente como Comperj. Os conflitos ambientais na baia de Guanabara já vem sendo amplamente debatido, entretanto, se fez necessário discuti-lo no contexto de arrefecimento do empreendimento, para trazer um panorama contemporâneo da resistência dos grupos contra-hegemônicos. Por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa, a partir de entrevistas e visitações de campo, foi possível constatar que mesmo com a desaceleração do empreendimento, o mesmo ainda é visto como uma ameaça para o entorno.
Current views on neurosarcoidosis: pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis
Authors: Pushkaryov M. S. , Tibekina L. M. , Churilov L. P.
Published: November 2019

The review gives data on the etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of sarcoidosis, which are associated particularly with damage to the central and peripheral nervous system. Sarcoidosis is currently regarded as a genetically determined, polyetiologic, and multisystem, disease of mainly autoimmune origin, which is accompanied by a productive inflammatory response with the formation of space-occupying noncaseous granulomas. The detection rates for the classical forms of sarcoidosis of the lungs, lymph nodes, and eyes are increasing, while the intravital diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis is still difficult. The latter mimics many other neurological diseases, frequently in persistent disabling disorders and death. Studies focus on searching for imaging, biological and/or immune markers that can reliably diagnose this disease. The problem of small fiber neuropathy that is considered to be the most common and early manifestation of neurosarcoidosis is being actively studied. In 2018, Neurosarcoidosis Consortium Consensus Group (NCCG), USA, proposed the diagnostic criteria for neurosarcoidosis, which are presented in this article.
Vascular cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: Is there a relationship between them?
Authors: Tabeeva G. R. , Kirjanova E. A.
Published: November 2019

Cognitive impairment (CI) associated with brain aging is a consequence of disorders varying in etiology and pathogenesis, which often coexist in elderly patients and can have a mutual impact on the clinical manifestation, severity, and rate of progression of CI. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular CI are the most common forms of dementia in the elderly. In recent decades, there has been increasing evidence that there is a close relationship between these forms due to a substantial overlap of their risk factors, clinical manifestations, neuromorphological changes, as well as genetic and neuroimaging biomarkers. The complex multicomponent relationship of these disorders also makes it difficult to elaborate effective preventive and therapeutic approaches in these patients.
On the neurological roles of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine sulfate: a systematic analysis
Authors: Gromova O. A. , Torshin I. Yu. , Semenov V. A. , Stakhovskaya L. I. , Rudakov K. V.
Published: November 2019

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and glucosamine sulfate (GS) are widely used as chondroprotectors. Data mining of 42,051 publications on the effects of CS/GS showed that impairments in the their metabolism were characteristic of ischemic, neurodegenerative diseases, convulsive disorders or conditions, and neuropsychological diseases (schizophrenia, affective disorders). The results of experimental studies indicate that it is expedient to use CS and GS in the therapy of ischemic and neurodegenerative diseases.
Clinical recommendations for the use of ocrelizumab in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Boyko A. N. , Davydovskaya M. V. , Khachanova N. V. , Zakharova M. N. , Spirin N. N. , Popova E. V. , Alifirova V. M. , Vlasov Ya. V. , Sivertseva S. A. , Khabirov F. A. , Shumilina M. V. , Evdoshenko E. P.
Published: November 2019

The paper presents a detailed algorithm for the treatment and follow-up of patients with recurrent multiple sclerosis and primary progressive multiple sclerosis in the use of ocrelizumab.
Role of cerebral reserve assessed using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in determining the rehabilitation potential of acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Kulesh A. A. , Drobakha V. E. , Sobyanin K. V. , Kulikova S. P. , Bykova A. Yu. , Kaileva N. A. , Monak A. A. , Shardakov I. N. , Shestakov V. V.
Published: November 2019

Fractional anisotropy (FA) estimated using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is considered as a promising biomarker in ischemic stroke (IS). The basis of this study is the assumption that the assessment of FA indices for different white matter tracts will be able to predict the main aspects of the rehabilitation potential even without determining the structural and functional bases of these influences.

Objective: to study the diagnostic significance of changes in FA indices to assess various aspects of the rehabilitation potential in acute IS.

Patients and methods. Examinations were made in 100 patients with IS and in 10 individuals without stroke and cognitive impairment. All the patients underwent dMRI and assessments of rehabilitation potential indicators on days 3 and 10 of the disease and at discharge.

Results and discussion. The indices of FA of the ipsilateral upper longitudinal and cingulum bundles, FA and the size of an infarct focus, asymmetry of FA of the cingulum bundle (rFA), corticospinal tract (at the level of the knee of the internal capsule and bridge) and the anterior limb of the internal capsule, as well as the FA of the splenium and knee of the internal capsule of the intact hemisphere are of the most value for the functional outcome of acute IS. The microstructure of these zones determines the state of most rehabilitation domains. With respect to global outcome, the integrity of the associative tracts of the affected hemisphere is more valuable than the microstructure of the intact hemisphere and rFA. The tracts of the intact hemisphere are of particular importance for the restoration of complex rehabilitation spheres, such as cognitive status and daily living and social skills, which is necessary to ensure patient independence.

Conclusion. The FA indices of the tracts under study seem to be a clinically acceptable biomarker of various aspects of the rehabilitation potential in acute IS.
Back pain and osteoporosis
Authors: Isaikin A. I. , Isaikina O. Yu. , Shadyzheva T. I. , Shor Yu. M. , Kachanovsky M. S.
Published: November 2019

The aging process is accompanied by a structural change and a decrease in the functional activity of organs and tissues, including the bone, with the development of osteoporosis (OP).

Objective: to assess the characteristics of pain syndrome in OP patients with nonspecific chronic vertebrogenic lumbar ischialgia (CLI).

Patients and methods. Sixty elderly patients with CLI in the presence and absence of OP were examined. All the patients underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and ultrasound to diagnose the degree of OP and spinal deformity; a flexible rod was used according to the method described by M.A. Kathleen to estimate the angle of kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis. The investigators determined pain intensity by a numerical rating scale, the presence of a neuropathic pain component by the DN4 pain scale, the level of anxiety and depression by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, cognitive status by the Montreal Cognitive Function Rating Scale, the degree of disability by the Oswestry questionnaire, and quality of life by the SF-12 Health Survey.

Results and discussion. Our study showed that OP alone is not a cause of CLI in elderly patients. There were no statistically significant differences in the sources and intensity of pain, the degree of anxiety and depressive disorders, impaired quality of life, cognitive status, and degree of disability in patients with chronic lumbar pain syndrome in the presence and absence of OP. Vertebral deformity resulting from OP leads mainly to an obvious poor posture with an increase in thoracic kyphosis, straightening of lumbar lordosis, and S-curve lumbar and thoracic scoliosis, which can also cause secondary muscle spasm.

Patients with back pain in the presence of OP are treated in accordance with the general principles of management of patients with non-specific back pain, but taking into account the underlying disease. The paper presents current recommendations for the treatment of nonspecific back pain, for the management of patients with OP, as well as the updated clinical recommendations for the prevention of fractures in OP and osteopenia.

Conclusion. Patients with OP are noted to have predominantly chronic musculoskeletal pain in the presence of severe spinal deformity, but the level of this evidence is very low. The features of pain syndrome in patients with nonspecific vertebrogenic chronic lumbar ischialgia in the presence of OP call for further investigations.
A clinical case of cerebellar ataxia with neuropathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome in the presence of polycythemia vera
Authors: Safin Sh. M. , Bakirov B. A. , Derevyanko Kh. P. , Baikov D. E. , Khafizov M. M.
Published: November 2019

Cerebellar ataxia with neuropathy and bilateral vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS) is a slowly progressive ataxic disorder characterized by the triad of cerebellar impairment, bilateral vestibular hypofunction, and sensory polyneuropathy. The paper describes a clinical case of this syndrome in a 40-year-old patient who has been followed up by hematologists for polycythemia vera for 10 years.
A case of segmental dystonia with mental/psychic nonmotor disorders
Authors: Tolmacheva V. A. , Romanov D. V. , Grishina D. A.
Published: November 2019

The paper discusses the specific features of clinical presentations in patients with muscle dystonia, the presence of cognitive and mental disorders in dystonia. It presents a clinical case of severe segmental dystonia in a 72-year-old patient with cognitive and mental disorders. The manifestations of dystonia regressed during treatment with botulinum toxin; however, the patient did not report any improvement. An improvement could not be achieved after a psychiatrist's consultation and treatment for mental disorders.
Rehabilitation in acute stroke from the point of view of evidence-based medicine: possibilities of drug treatment
Authors: Kulesh A. A.
Published: November 2019

The review highlights the fundamental principles of early rehabilitation in ischemic stroke, the benefits and risks of early and very early patient mobilization. It presents data on the efficiency of CIMT-kinesiotherapy and mirror therapy in restoring upper extremity function, as well as procedures for nonpharmacological correction of spatial neglect syndrome. The effect on the rehabilitation of concomitant Alzheimer's disease is analyzed. The areas of pharmacological potentiation of poststroke rehabilitation, the efficiency of cerebrolysin in particular, are considered.
Endgame Marxism (and Urbanism)
Authors: Merrifield Andy
Published: November 2019

Collectivity and individuality express two different aspects of Marxism's humanist tradition, of how they ought to go together. It is another way to frame the dialectic of justice and jouissance, a radical hope for equality on the one side, plus a diversity of self-expression on the other. In a sense, this is not only what Marxism should offer; it is what any city should offer, too. Cities should reconcile problems of freedom and necessity, ought to provide affordable housing and a decent quality of life, alongside novelty of experience and scope for expansive individuality.
A Study on Transient Electromagnetic Interpretation Method Based on the Seismic Wave Impedance Inversion Model
Authors: Yaoning Liu , Shucai Liu , Maofei Li , Xinming Liu , Weihong Guo
Published: November 2019

A comprehensive transient electromagnetic interpretation method based on seismic wave impedance inversion has been proposed according to the advantages of seismic and transient electromagnetic exploration methods to mitigate of hidden water inrush disasters in coalmines. Combined seismic wave impedance inversion results and resistivity logging data, the method was used to establish a geo-electric model. The stratigraphic horizon and the stratigraphic electrical characteristics were determined by the wave impedance inversion data and the resistivity logging data respectively. Furthermore, the structure and water-bearing property in the stratum were estimated by the analysis of the difference between the measured transient electromagnetic data and the calculated data from the forward model. The numerical calculation of the fault-containing model shows that the comprehensive interpretation method could determine the water-bearing capability of the fault as well as it tendency. An advantage of this new method is the effective avoidance of the influence of low-impedance overburden on the data interpretation. The practical application can accurately explain the location and the water-bearing property of the disaster-causing factors of the hidden water inrush in the coalmines.
Discourses about language and literacy education in Portugal: past and present
Authors: Keating Clara
Published: November 2019

This article presents a historical analysis of discourses about language and literacy that have emerged during different periods in the political and cultural history of Portugal. It covers six periods, from the colonial era to the present, and it considers different geopolitical spaces, including the Portuguese mainland, the Atlantic archipelagos, former Portuguese colonies and diasporic spaces created as a result of emigration from Portugal. The article traces three kinds of discursive shift: (1) shifts in discourses in Portuguese society regarding the goals of language and literacy education, along with associated discourses about appropriate language and literacy pedagogies; (2) shifts in discourses about the specific nature and significance of literacy in Portuguese; and (3) shifts in discourses about the value and symbolic power of standardized forms of spoken and written Portuguese. It shows how each historical period has been characterized by distinctive political and ideological currents which have, in turn, shaped and re-shaped ways of thinking about the role of language and literacy education in the definition of citizenship and national identity, in the construction of heritage, in the creation of a “modern” democratic state and, more recently, in the retooling of human resources to create a flexible labour force.
Opening up ideological spaces for multilingual literacies at the margins of the Portuguese education system? Ethnographic insights from a Russian complementary school
Authors: Solovova Olga
Published: November 2019

Eastern European migration to Portugal is a relatively recent yet significant phenomenon due to its impact on national legislation and discourses about language, citizenship and identity. Along with other migration movements to Portugal, it has also brought about changes in state policies. The monolingual order within the Portuguese education system has been reinforced through the adoption of the notion of ‘Portuguese as a non-native language’ and the creation of different categories of speakers of ‘other’ languages. While these discourses predominate within the national educational system, other discursive spaces (such as complementary schools and playgroups) are being constructed, on the margins of Portuguese society, where other languages and literacies are being learned and used, alongside Portuguese. This paper presents some insights from longitudinal ethnographic research (2004–2013) that was carried out in a complementary school for Russian-speaking children in Portugal run by their parents and grandparents. It looks into the complex ways in which literacy ideologies and practices were reproduced, contested and negotiated in this particular discursive space. It also shows how students drew on the language, literacy and semiotic resources within their communicative repertoires in different ways as they responded agentively to tasks set by the teacher. The paper concludes with reflections on the potential of the complementary school as a “safe space” for fostering flexible multilingual pedagogies.
Quantifying geographical variation in acceptability judgments in regional American English dialect syntax
Authors: Wood Jim
Published: November 2019

The acceptability of many syntactic constructions varies across speakers. In some, but not all cases, such interspeaker variation is due to speakers coming from different dialect regions. However, since neither dialect regions nor acceptability judgments are discrete, it is not always straightforward to determine when variation in a construction’s acceptability is geographically constrained. In this paper, I present one method of making this determination using the Gi* statistic. I apply it to a variety of syntactic constructions, including presentative datives,so don’t I,be done my homework, intensifiers likewickedandhella, anddo-support withhave yet tosentences. Each shows a different geolinguistic profile, revealing different kinds of issues that quantitative analysis can shed light on. The results show fine-grained geolinguistic differences in syntactic acceptability judgments, demonstrating that the Gi* statistic can be fruitfully applied to further our understanding of geographically-based variation in acceptability judgments.
Business, Government, Society and Science Interest in Co-Production by Relative Evaluation Using Google Trends
Authors: Puksas Andrius , Gudelis Dangis , Raišienė Agota Giedrė , Gudelienė Nomeda
Published: November 2019

The article provides the theoretical analysis of co-production phenomenon. The interests in co-production and related concepts are examined applying the methods of Google Trends statistical analysis and information visualization. The activity of business, government, society and research sectors during the last five years are compared, the trends of interest change and the balance of inter-sectoral interest in co-production is assessed. The relative evaluation of interest in co-production indicates that the situation in different sectors is not the same – the asymmetry in interest in co-production prevails. The article concludes that cooperation between public sector organizations with private sector organizations and society in providing public service as well as cooperation between scientific research, methods and technologies is developed at a different rate thus hindering breakthrough on a larger scale.
Sorbische Seelsorge und Reformation – ein überlieferungsgeschichtliches Problem illustriert am Beispiel der pfarrlichen Seelsorge in Lübben im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert
Authors: Mahling Madlena
Published: November 2019

In Sorbian historiography the Lutheran reformation of the early 16thcentury is seen as a starting point of Sorbian national history. It is thought that the introduction of Sorbian language into church life led to the development of Sorbian literature, a Sorbian elite and hence to a national identity. Based on research into the history of Sorbian pastoral work in Lübben, the main city of the Margraviate of Lower Lusatia, the present paper argues that the lack of pre-reformation sources about Sorbian church life and accordingly the increase of them after the reformation is primarily due to general mechanisms of source creation and preservation. In view of this, the impact of the reformation on Sorbian history needs to be evaluated with caution.
Über die Feldgleichungen in quantisierten Feldtheorien
Authors: Wentzel Gregor
Published: November 2019

Auf Grund der Tomonagaschen mehrzeitigen Sclirödinger-Gleichung werden ver-allgemeinerte Feldgleichungen in relativistisch-invarianter Form aufgestellt und an Beispielen erläutert. Als Anwendung wird die Renormierung von Teilchen-Ruhmassen durch eine unitäre Transformation diskutiert.
Bemerkungen zum Turbulenzproblem
Authors: Heisenberg Werner
Published: November 2019

Die verschiedenen physikalischen Gesichtspunkte, die einerseits den früheren Stabili-tätsuntersuchungen an laminaren Strömungen, andererseits der neueren statistischen Turbulenztheorie zugrunde liegen, werden miteinander verglichen und kritisch besprochen.
The Electronic Structure of Excited States of Simple Molecules
Authors: Pauling Linus
Published: November 2019

An effort has been made to discuss the structure of excited states of diatoinic molecules in terms of valence bonds. It has been found that the predicted valence-bond structures correspond in symmetry character and internuclear distance to the observed states, but that the attempt to develop a systematic treatment of dissociation energies on this basis is only partially successful.
Zur Lichtbeugung
Authors: Kossel Walther
Published: November 2019

Es wird eine einfach zu erzeugende und vermöge ihrer Helligkeit auch einem großen Kreis vorführbare Beugungserscbeinung beschrieben und ihre Beziehungen zu bekannten Überlegungen und Erscheinungen besprochen.
Strenge Theorie der Beugung elektromagnetischer Wellen an der vollkommen leitenden Kreisscheibe
Authors: Meixner Joseph
Published: November 2019

Das Problem der Beugung elektromagnetischer Wellen an der vollkommen leiten den Kreisscheibe wird streng gelöst. Die Beugung an der kreisförmigen Öffnung in der vollkommen leitenden , unendlich ausgedehnten Ebene läßt sich vermittels einer gegebenen Verallgemeinerung des Babinetschen Prinzips auf das erste Problem zurück führen.
Theorie der Verbrennungsgeschwindigkeit in brennbaren Gemischen
Authors: Bechert Karl
Published: November 2019

Aus den Erhaltungssätzen für Masse und Impuls folgt, daß stationäre Flammenwanderung nur in zwei deutlich voneinander getrennten Geschwindigkeitsbereichen der Wandergeschwindigkeit möglich ist: Die Geschwindigkeit muß entweder kleiner sein als die obere Grenze, die in der Ungleichung (1) angegeben ist, oder größer als die untere Grenze der Ungleichung (2). Für die dazwischen liegenden Geschwindigkeiten gibt es nur instationäre Flammenwanderung. Die Arbeit behandelt stationäre Flammen mit Geschwindigkeiten im ersten Geschwindigkeitsgebiet, die sog. „Verbrennungen“. Für solche gibt der Energiesatz eine einfache Beziehung (5), mit der man z. B. beurteilen kann, ob ein Kraftstoffgemisch mit Luftüberschuß oder mit Brennstoffüberschuß brennt. Der hier referierte erste Teil der Arbeit behandelt Reaktionen, die als solche zwischen gleichen Molekülen schematisiert werden können; ein Beispiel ist die Ozonverbrennung. Durch Vernachlässigung der Diffusion läßt sich die Differentialgleichung für die Brennstoffteilchenzahl in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur auf die Form (6) einer nicht- linearen gewöhnlichen Differentialgleichung erster Ordnung bringen, in der die gesuchte Flammengeschwindigkeit ul als Parameter vorkommt, der wegen der Randbedingungen nur einen einzigen Wert haben kann. Es gelingt, durch ein einfaches Näherungsverfahren ul in geschlossener analytischer Form als Funktion der Versuchsdaten hinzuschreiben [Gl. (7)]. Das Näherungsverfahren ist auch für andere Eigenwertprobleme brauch- bar. Mit einer Methode. Dimensionsbetrachtungen allgemeiner auszunützen, als dies sonst üblich ist, kann man zeigen, daß die Diffusion, würde man sie in Rechnung setzen, die dimensionelle Abhängigkeit der Flammengeschwindigkeit von den Versuchsdaten nicht anders geben würde als Gl. (7). Der Vergleich mit den Messungen an der Ozonverbren- nung fällt befriedigend aus, ebenso der Vergleich mit anderen Erfahrungsdaten. Die hier gegebene theoretische Behandlung kommt ohne die sonst ad hoc- gemachte Annahme der Existenz einer „charakteristischen Zündtemperatur“ aus, also ohne eine Annahme, die von W. Jost als physikalisch unzulässig erwiesen ist und zu manchen Erfahrungstat- sachen in Widerspruch steht. Zum erstenmal gelingt es, die Erfahrungstatsache der ..Zündgrenzen“ theoretisch zu beschreiben, welche den Bereich von Gemischzusammensetzungen eingrenzen, in dem die Flamme wandern kann. Für die Flammendicke läßt sich eine einfache Näherungsformel angeben (12); auch hier würde die Diffusion nichts am Dimensionszusammenhang ändern. Boi den üblichen Verbrennungen liegt die Flammen- dicke in der Größenordnung von 10-2 cm.
Occupational welfare and segmentation: explaining across (and within) sectoral variation in Germany and Belgium
Authors: Frans Dorien , Doerflinger Nadja , Pulignano Valeria
Published: November 2019

The paper uses a qualitative comparative case study design to examine across (and within) sectoral variation in occupational welfare outcomes (i.e. flexible working hours, occupational pensions and health and sickness benefits, fringe benefits complementing wages) for different groups of workers in food and chemical manufacturing in Germany and Belgium. Findings indicate that common national challenges can yield different occupational welfare outcomes across (and within) different sectors, which in turn affect workforce segmentation. The integration between local and sector-level power dynamics explains how, and the extent to which, negotiation on occupational welfare can entail segmentation.
Battered woman syndrome
Authors: Glancy Graham , Heintzman Marissa , Wheeler Adam
Published: November 2019

The aim of this article is to examine the current state of the battered woman syndrome (BWS) defence in Canada and propose an update to the list of factors considered by experts evaluating the applicability of the defence to individual cases. The history and current legal definition of the defence are presented, and theories relating to BWS are summarized. Factors required of expert testimony in BWS cases are presented; cases relevant to the development of the defence that highlight these assessment factors are discussed. In a subsequent section, limitations of the defence and the role of the expert are explored. The PTSD Checklist (used in clinician diagnosis) is summarized before an updated, BWS-specific expert checklist is proposed. The updated checklist proposes six elements to be considered by an expert assessing a BWS case: 1. environmental factors, 2. attempts to leave or alter the situation, 3. risk factors of the abuser, 4. risk factors of the victim, 5. triggers for violence, and 6. contrary evidence. It is hoped that using this checklist will help experts to cover all the essential elements they must consider in order to conclude that a woman satisfies the criteria for BWS. In particular, this updated checklist will help experts to prepare comprehensive testimony that addresses the five issues defined by Justice Wilson as the expert’s duty to assess. In addition, this checklist will help experts present a firm foundation for a defence regarding the critical question of why the night of the offence was different from all other nights.
Validating the Sustainability of Eco-Labeled Products Using a Triple-Bottom-Line Analysis
Authors: Ferrero Vincenzo , Raman Arvind Shankar , Haapala Karl R. , DuPont Bryony
Published: November 2019

Sustainability considerations are becoming an intrinsic part of product design and manufacturing. Today’s consumers rely on package labeling to relay useful information about the environmental, social, and economic impacts of a given product. As such, eco-labeling has become an important influence on how consumers interpret the sustainability of products. Three categories of eco-labels are theorized: Type I labels are certified by a reputable third party; Type II are eco-labels that are self-declared, potentially lacking scientific merit; and Type III eco-labels indicate the public availability of product Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) data. Regardless of the type of eco-label used, it is uncertain if eco-labeling directly reflects improved product sustainability. This research focuses on exploring if eco-labeled products are veritably more sustainable. To do this, we perform a comparative study of eco-labeled and comparable conventional products using a triple-bottom-line sustainability assessment, including environmental, economic, and social impacts. Here we show that for a selected set of products, eco-labeling does, in fact, have a positive correlation with improved sustainability. On average, eco-labeled products have a 47.7 % reduced environmental impact, reduce product lifespan costs by 48.4 %, and are subject to positive social perception. However, Type II eco-labeling shows a slight negative correlation with product sustainability and economic cost. We found only one eco-labeled product (with Type II labeling) that had an increased environmental impact over the conventional alternative. In general, the results confirm that most eco-labels are indicative of improved product sustainability. However, there is evidence that suggests that eco-labeling, though accurate, can omit truths with intention to improve marketability.
The reproductive stress hypothesis
Authors: Wen Lixin , Li Rongfang , Wang Ji , Yi Jine
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we propose the reproductive stress hypothesis that describes the pregnant females response to reproductive events based upon the activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and sympathetic adrenomedullary system. The main components of the reproductive stress hypothesis can be summarized as follows: (1) events unique to reproduction including empathema, pregnancy, parturition and lactation cause non-specific responses in females, called active reproductive stress; (2) the fetus is a special stressor for pregnant females where endocrine hormones, including corticotropin-releasing hormones and fetal glucocorticoids secreted by the fetus and placenta, enter the maternal circulatory system, leading to another stress response referred to as passive reproductive stress and (3) response to uterine tension and intrauterine infection is the third type of stress, called fetal intrauterine stress. Appropriate reproductive stress is a crucial prerequisite in normal reproductive processes. By contrast, excessive or inappropriate reproductive stress may result in dysfunctions of the reproductive system, such as compromised immune function, leading to susceptibility to disease. The novel insights of the reproductive stress hypothesis have important implications for deciphering the pathogenesis of certain diseases in pregnant animals, including humans, which in turn may be applied to preventing and treating their occurrence.
An expanded mouse testis transcriptome and mass spectrometry defines novel proteins
Authors: Gamble Jaya , Chick Joel , Seltzer Kelly , Graber Joel H , Gygi Steven , Braun Robert E , Snyder Elizabeth M
Published: November 2019

The testis transcriptome is exceptionally complex. Despite its complexity, previous testis transcriptome analyses relied on a reductive method for transcript identification, thus underestimating transcriptome complexity. We describe here a more complete testis transcriptome generated by combining Tuxedo, a reductive method, and spliced-RUM, a combinatorial transcript-building approach. Forty-two percent of the expanded testis transcriptome is composed of unannotated RNAs with novel isoforms of known genes and novel genes constituting 78 and 9.8% of the newly discovered transcripts, respectively. Across tissues, novel transcripts were predominantly expressed in the testis with the exception of novel isoforms which were also highly expressed in the adult ovary. Within the testis, novel isoform expression was distributed equally across all cell types while novel genes were predominantly expressed in meiotic and post-meiotic germ cells. The majority of novel isoforms retained their protein-coding potential while most novel genes had low protein-coding potential. However, a subset of novel genes had protein-coding potentials equivalent to known protein-coding genes. Shotgun mass spectrometry of round spermatid total protein identified unique peptides from four novel genes along with seven annotated non-coding RNAs. These analyses demonstrate the testis expresses a wide range of novel transcripts that give rise to novel proteins.
Heparan Sulfate Structure Affects Autophagy, Lifespan, Responses to Oxidative Stress, and Cell Degeneration in Drosophila parkin Mutants
Authors: Reynolds-Peterson Claire , Xu Jie , Zhao Na , Cruse Casey , Yonel Brandon , Trasorras Claire , Toyoda Hidenao , Kinoshita-Toyoda Akiko , Dobson Jennifer , Schultheis Nicholas , Jiang Mei , Selleck Scott
Published: November 2019

Autophagy is a catabolic process that provides cells with energy and molecular building blocks during nutritional stress. Autophagy also removes misfolded proteins and damaged organelles, a critical mechanism for cellular repair. Earlier work demonstrated that heparan sulfate proteoglycans, an abundant class of carbohydrate-modified proteins found on cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix, suppress basal levels of autophagy in several cell types during development in Drosophila melanogaster. In studies reported here, we examined the capacity of heparan sulfate synthesis to influence events affected by autophagy, including lifespan, resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress, and accumulation of ubiquitin-modified proteins in the brain. Compromising heparan sulfate synthesis increased autophagy-dependent processes, evident by extended lifespan, increased resistance to ROS, and reduced accumulation of ubiquitin-modified proteins in the brains of ROS exposed adults. The capacity of altering heparan sulfate biosynthesis to protect cells from injury was also evaluated in two different models of neurodegeneration, overexpression of Presenilin and parkin mutants. Presenilin overexpression in the retina produces cell loss, and compromising heparan sulfate biosynthesis rescued retinal patterning and size abnormalities in these animals. parkin is the fly homolog of human PARK2, one of the genes responsible for juvenile onset Parkinson’s Disease. Parkin is involved in mitochondrial surveillance and compromising parkin function results in degeneration of both flight muscle and dopaminergic neurons in Drosophila. Altering heparan sulfate biosynthesis suppressed flight muscle degeneration and mitochondrial dysmorphology, indicating that activation of autophagy-mediated removal of mitochondria (mitophagy) is potentiated in these animals. These findings provide in vivo evidence that altering the levels of heparan sulfate synthesis activates autophagy and can provide protection from a variety of cellular stressors.
Impact of a Prospective Audit and Feedback Antimicrobial Stewardship Program in Pediatric Units in Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Thailand
Authors: Chautrakarn Sineenart , Anugulruengkitt Suvaporn , Puthanakit Thanyawee , Rattananupong Thanapoom , Hiransuthikul Narin
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND:

Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) have been proven to be beneficial in reducing the use of antimicrobial agents, antibiotic resistance, and health care costs. The data supporting the utility of ASPs has come largely from adult hospital units, but few pediatric hospital units have implemented ASPs. Our objective for this study was to assess the impact of ASPs in pediatric units in tertiary care teaching hospitals.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective chart review to compare antimicrobial use pre- and post-ASP over a 6-month period in a tertiary care hospital in which an ASP had been in use since July 2017. Meropenem, vancomycin, and colistin were selected to be monitored. ASP rounds were conducted twice a week to assess and provide feedback on antimicrobial prescriptions. Antimicrobial use was measured as days of therapy (DOTs) per 1000 patient-days and was compared pre- and post-ASP by using independent t tests.

RESULTS:

Charts of children hospitalized who were in antimicrobial treatment pre-ASP (44.3%) and post-ASP (41.7%) were reviewed. The percentages of children who received selected antimicrobial agents did not differ between pre- and post-ASP. During the post-ASP period, a significant reduction in DOT with vancomycin and colistin was observed. Vancomycin use decreased from 58.5 to 40.2 DOTs per 1000 patient-days (P = .038), and colistin decreased from 36.3 to 13.8 DOTs per 1000 patient-days (P = .026). Meropenem use decreased from 126.8 to 111.2 DOTs per 1000 patient-days (P = .467). Between the 2 periods, there was no effect on length of stay and mortality.

CONCLUSIONS:

ASPs can lead to a significant reduction in selected antimicrobial use in children who are hospitalized, with no effect on length of stay or mortality rate.