bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Bioactive Components in Chrysanthemum Tea (Gongju) Using Hyperspectral Imaging Technique and Chemometrics
Authors: Wei Yunpeng , Hu Huiqiang , Yuan Minghua , Xu Huaxing , Mao Xiaobo , Zhao Yuping , Huang Luqi
Published: December 2024

The bioactive components of chrysanthemum tea are an essential indicator in evaluating its nutritive and commercial values. Combining hyperspectral imaging (HSI) with key wavelength selection and pattern recognition methods, this study developed a novel approach to estimating the content of bioactive components in chrysanthemums, including the total flavonoids (TFs) and chlorogenic acids (TCAs). To determine the informative wavelengths of hyperspectral images, we introduced a variable similarity regularization term into particle swarm optimization (denoted as VSPSO), which can focus on improving the combinatorial performance of key wavelengths and filtering out the features with higher collinearity simultaneously. Moreover, considering the underlying relevance of the phytochemical content and the exterior morphology characteristics, the spatial image features were also extracted. Finally, an ensemble learning model, LightGBM, was established to estimate the TF and TCA contents using the fused features. Experimental results indicated that the proposed VSPSO achieved a superior accuracy, with R2 scores of 0.9280 and 0.8882 for TF and TCA prediction. Furthermore, after the involvement of spatial image information, the fused spectral–spatial features achieved the optimal model accuracy on LightGBM. The R2 scores reached 0.9541 and 0.9137, increasing by 0.0308–0.1404 and 0.0181–0.1066 in comparison with classical wavelength-related methods and models. Overall, our research provides a novel method for estimating the bioactive components in chrysanthemum tea accurately and efficiently. These discoveries revealed the potential effectiveness for constructing feature fusion in HSI-based practical applications, such as nutritive value evaluation and heavy metal pollution detection, which will also facilitate the development of quality detection in the food industry.
Impact of Social Media Use on Segmentation of Dining out Behavior Among Younger Generations: A Case Study in South Korea
Authors: Jang Jin A , Kim Ji-Myung , Jung Hyosun
Published: December 2024

This study examined how eating out behavior and variety-seeking tendency in food choice (VARSEEK) differ depending on social network service (SNS) use and recommended information utilization (SURU), focusing on Korean generation Z youth. To this end, participants were categorized as high, middle, or low based on their SURU score; eating out behavior, as well as VARSEEK, were then compared across the three groups. The results indicated that higher SURU scores were associated with a higher frequency of cooking, a higher frequency of eating out, a higher average cost of eating out per person, and a greater tendency to perceive oneself as gourmet. In relation to VARSEEK, the high and middle SURU score groups demonstrated significantly higher mean scores than the low group. This finding suggests that the greater the SURU level, the greater the food neophilic inclination, expressing an affinity for unique, unfamiliar, or exotic cuisine and a willingness to experiment with novel recipes. Consequently, SURU leads to more frequent eating out, resulting in consumers expanding into a food neophilic tendency to try more diverse and new foods. Based on these results, SURU can be a useful indicator for segmenting food- and restaurant-related markets; consumers with a high level of SURU are a group to pay attention to in marketing as they can be tested when introducing new foods into the market.
Developing High-Coloring Natural Systems Using Double Emulsions with Daucus carota L. Extract to Meet High-Performance Requirements
Authors: Gracher-Teixeira Liandra , Pituco Samara C. Silva , Colucci Giovana , Santamaria-Echart Arantzazu , Peres António M. , Dias Madalena M. , Barreiro M. Filomena
Published: December 2024

Daucus carota L. extract is attracting interest as a natural colorant alternative. However, the presence of anthocyanins (ACNs), which are sensitive to pH changes, limits its application. To tackle this issue, water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) double emulsions are emerging as innovative solutions. Nevertheless, the problem of reaching robust colorant systems for industrial use still needs to be overcome. One important target is to reach a high coloring power, minimizing its impact on the final product. In this context, the effect of colorant concentration and the volume of the primary emulsion, two routes to increase the colorant power, on color attributes and stability, an important feature to reach a marketable product, was studied. The optimal experimental design was conducted to two optimal solutions, whether through heightened colorant concentration or primary emulsion volume: a 41/59 (W1/O)/W2 ratio with 11 wt.% colorant, and a 48/52 (W1/O)/W2 ratio with 6 wt.% colorant, respectively. A subsequent assessment of color and physical emulsion stability over 30 days pointed out the solution with the lower colorant concentration (6 wt.%) as the one with better performance (L*: 44.11 ± 0.03, a*: 25.79 ± 0.01, D4;3: 9.62 ± 0.1 µm, and CI: 14.55 ± 0.99%), also minimizing the permeability of the colorant to the outer aqueous phase. Overall, these optimized emulsions offer versatile coloring solutions suitable for various industrial applications, such as food matrices and functional cosmetics.
Critical Issues Faced by Industries Associated with Food Science and Technology: A Delphi Analysis
Authors: Lamm Kevan W. , Idun Andrews , Lu Peng
Published: December 2024

As the foundation of human health, the food system is arguably a cornerstone of society. However, despite the criticality of a safe and productive food value chain there are numerous critical issues faced by industries associated with food science and technology. Using a three round Delphi process, this study identified the most critical issues faced by these industries. Based on input from expert panelists representing industry, policy makers, and academics, a total of 120 critical issues were identified in the first round. Through a consensus-building process in two subsequent rounds, 38 issues were retained. The retained issues were then analyzed using the constant comparative method to identify themes. A total of eight themes emerged from the analysis, including the following (alphabetically): (1) education, training, and workforce development; (2) emerging technologies in food sciences; (3) food safety and public health; (4) fresh produce and raw food operations; (5) microbiome and pathogens; (6) product innovation and development; (7) quality assurance and systems management; and (8) sustainability and climate resilience. These results provide a robust foundation to help guide and inform strategic priorities and actions within the food industry.
Ultrasound-Assisted Enzymatic Extraction of Polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake: Optimization, Structural Characterization, and Inhibition of α-Synuclein Aggregation
Authors: Gao Wen , Wang Yang , Lu Fuping , Liu Fufeng
Published: December 2024

This study optimized ultrasound-assisted enzymatic (UAE) extraction of TMP (Tricholoma matsutake polysaccharide) through response surface methodology. The optimal conditions included complex enzyme comprising 1.15% cellulase, 0.60% pectinase, and 0.95% dispase, with ultrasound for 24 min at 84.5 °C and enzyme hydrolysis at pH 5.0. This process yielded 19.74 ± 0.51% TMP, exceeding traditional hot water extraction by over four times. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR) confirmed that UAE did not alter the structure of TMP. In vitro experiments indicated that TMP-UAE demonstrated enhanced antioxidant properties. Further purification through DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100 chromatography resulted in a homogenous polysaccharide fraction (TMP). Characterization indicated that TMP has an average molecular weight of 2.79 × 104 Da, composed of fucose, galactose, glucose and mannose in a 2.00:9.44:86.29:2.28 molar ratio. FT–IR indicated the presence of C-O-C glycosidic bonds and pyranyl-type sugar rings. Scanning electron microscopy displayed loose lamellar structures with small pores. Finally, TMP exhibited therapeutic potential against C. elegans in Parkinson’s disease, including reducing α-synuclein aggregation, protecting dopaminergic neurons, and prolonging lifespan. This study provides an efficient extraction method for TMP and an insight into its neuroprotective effect in PD C.elegans.
The Beneficial Dietary Effect of Dried Olive Pulp on Some Nutritional Characteristics of Eggs Produced by Mid- and Late-Laying Hens
Authors: Dedousi Anna , Kotzamanidis Charalampos , Dimitropoulou Georgia , Sfetsas Themistoklis , Malousi Andigoni , Giantzi Virginia , Sossidou Evangelia
Published: December 2024

This research evaluated the impact of incorporating dried olive pulp (OP) into the feed of laying hens on the fatty acid profile, cholesterol, triglyceride, total phenolic, oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol content, and health lipid indices of eggs produced by mid- (39 weeks) and late-laying (59 weeks) birds. Over a 36-week trial, 300 eggs from 180 Isa-Brown hens, assigned to three dietary groups with different OP levels (CON, OP4 and OP6), were analyzed. OP reduced egg cholesterol, with significant effects in late-age eggs (p < 0.05). In mid-age hens, the OP6 eggs had higher total phenolics than the controls (p < 0.05) and more PUFAs than the other groups (p < 0.05). The concentration of total phenolics, cholesterol, n3 PUFAs and % fat increased with hen age (p < 0.05), while triglycerides and oleuropein decreased (p < 0.05). With increasing hen age, the SFAs in the OP eggs decreased (p < 0.05) and the MUFAs increased (p < 0.05). Eggs from older hens had higher nutritional value, as indicated by the lower n6/n3 PUFA ratio, lower AI and TI indices, and higher h/H ratio (p < 0.05). Overall, dietary OP supplementation improved the nutritional quality of eggs, suggesting potential health benefits. Our results also highlighted eggs from older hens as a valuable source of high-quality fats.
Effect of Boiling Treatment on Linoleic Acid-Induced Oxidation of Myofibrillar Protein in Grass Carp
Authors: Liu Mengcong , Li Fuhua , Tang Yuan , Zhao Jichun , Lei Xiaojuan , Ming Jian
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the promotion of linoleic acid (OLA)-induced myofibrillar protein (MP) oxidation by boiling treatment. The effect of the boiling treatment on grass carp MP oxidation induced by OLA was investigated. The total sulfhydryl content, fluorescence intensity, and amino acid content were reduced with the increasing OLA concentration after the boiling treatment, while the boiled oxidized MP’s carbonyl content (4.76 ± 0.14 nmol/mg) was 2.14 times higher than that of the native MP (2.22 ± 0.02 nmol/mg) at an OLA concentration of 10 mM. Additionally, the secondary structure of MP became more disordered, shifting from an α-helix to random coils and β-turns. When the concentration of OLA was higher than 5 mM, both the surface hydrophobicity and water holding capacity (WHC) decreased with the increasing OLA concentration. Furthermore, the boiling treatment led to a reduction in immobile water and an increase in free water content in the MP gel. These findings establish a theoretical basis for regulating MP oxidation to improve fish quality during boiling.
Advances in Bioprocess Engineering for Optimising Chlorella vulgaris Fermentation: Biotechnological Innovations and Applications
Authors: Mendes Ana R. , Spínola Maria P. , Lordelo Madalena , Prates José A. M.
Published: December 2024

Chlorella vulgaris, a unicellular green microalga, has obtained significant attention due to its high protein content, abundance of bioactive compounds, and broad biotechnological potential. Used in nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and functional foods, it is now gaining traction in cosmetics, biopharmaceuticals, and environmental applications. Recent advancements in fermentation technology, such as the development of high-density fermentation strategies, adaptive evolution of strains, and real-time monitoring systems, have greatly improved the efficiency, scalability, and sustainability of C. vulgaris production, enhancing bioavailability and product quality. This review explores developments in C. vulgaris fermentation, highlighting advancements in strain improvement through genetic engineering, metabolic optimization, mutagenesis, and adaptive evolution, alongside bioprocess engineering and the optimization of fermentation parameters. Key considerations include bioreactor design, downstream processing, and innovative monitoring technologies aimed at maximizing biomass yield and bioactive compound production. Emerging applications of fermented C. vulgaris across industries are also highlighted, along with future perspectives on scaling up production, addressing regulatory challenges, and ensuring biosafety. These insights provide a comprehensive outlook on the future of C. vulgaris fermentation in biotechnological applications.
The Effect of Honey Powder Addition on Chosen Quality Properties of Model Chicken Products
Authors: Bogusz Radosław , Onopiuk Anna , Chmiel Marta , Piotrowska Anna , Kostyra Eliza , Lipińska Edyta , Bryś Joanna , Samborska Katarzyna , Pietrzak Dorota
Published: December 2024

The objective of our paper was to evaluate the effect of honey powder addition on the quality of model chicken products over 14 days of refrigerated storage. Three model chicken product variants were produced: C—control, HP1%, HP2%—with 1 or 2% of honey powder addition. The cooking loss, basic chemical composition, water activity, texture, color, lipid oxidation (TBARS and PDSC), microbiological and sensory quality, and volatile compounds profile were determined. The adverse changes in lipids were slower in products with honey powder added compared to control product, revealing lower TBARS index values and longer oxidation induction times. After 14 days of storage, HP2% products showed significantly lower (up to 50%) TBARS values than control products. Furthermore, honey powder addition reduced the growth of psychrotrophic and lactic acid bacteria for up to 14 days of storage in comparison to the control products. However, deterioration of the volatile compounds profile (presence of alcohols and sulfur compounds) and occurrence of storage odor and flavor had an impact on the poorer sensory desirability of the control and HP1% products. Additional research is necessary aiming to improve the sensory quality of products with honey powder addition.
Special Issue “Recent Advances in the Food Safety and Quality Management Techniques”
Authors: Perumal Anand Babu , Li Xiaoli , He Yong
Published: December 2024

Food quality and safety are essential from the health and fiscal points of view [...]
Influence of Organic Nitrogen Derived from Recycled Wine Lees and Inorganic Nitrogen on the Chemical Composition of Cabernet Sauvignon Wines Fermented in the Presence of Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts Candida boidinii, C. oleophila, and C. zemplinina
Authors: López-Lira Claudia , Valencia Pedro , Urtubia Alejandra , Landaeta Esteban , Tapia Ricardo , Franco Wendy
Published: December 2024

In this study, the influences of inorganic nitrogen source (INS) and organic nitrogen source (ONS) supplementation during the wine fermentation process using three non-Saccharomyces yeasts (Candida zemplinina, Candida oleophila, and Candida boidinii) were analyzed. Diamine phosphate (DAP) was used as an INS, and lees enzymatic hydrolysate was used as an ONS. Complete alcoholic fermentation and a higher concentration of volatile compounds were obtained in fermentations with ONS, mainly esters from 81 to 4564 µg/L, alcohols from 231 to 7294 µg/L, and isoamyl acetate ester compounds from 12.3–22.8 ppb, with a very marked odorant activity value (OAV). In addition, malic acid was detected due to its influence on yeast metabolism and, consequently, on aroma production. Using a Y15 enzymatic autoanalyzer, residues of 1.30 g/L in ONS and 1.35 g/L in INS were obtained on the last day of alcoholic fermentation. In summary, we obtained promising results concerning the production of wine with enhanced functionalities due to higher concentrations of some volatile and polyphenolic compounds.
Analysis of Microbial Diversity Dominating Nitrite Enzymatic Degradation and Acidic Degradation in the Fermentation Broth of Northeast Sauerkraut
Authors: Xu Xiangru , Zhang Meng , Tao Yuefei , Wei Wei
Published: December 2024

Nitrite hazard is an important food safety issue in the production process of Chinese Northeastern sauerkraut, but this nitrite can be eliminated through microbial enzymatic degradation and acidic degradation as fermentation progresses. Therefore, analyzing the microbial diversity that dominates nitrite degradation in Chinese Northeastern sauerkraut can provide a reference for its safe production. In this study, based on the dynamic monitoring of nitrite concentration, pH, and the abundance of nitrite reductase genes (nirK and nirS) and the application of high-throughput sequencing technology and various statistical analysis methods, the microbial groups associated with nitrite enzymatic degradation and acidic degradation in Northeast sauerkraut fermentation broth were analyzed. During the nitrite peak period of Northeast sauerkraut fermentation broth, the nitrite concentration reached 32.15 mg/kg, the pH was 4.7, and the abundances of the nitrite reductase genes nirK and nirS were 3.0 × 104 and 4.9 × 104 copies/μL, respectively. At this stage, nitrite degradation was likely dominated by enzymatic activities. Microbial phyla such as Bacteroidetes (38.8%), Proteobacteria (19.2%), and the archaeal phylum Euryarchaeota (1.1%) showed strong correlations with nitrite. Among the genera within these three phyla, Chryseobacterium, Elizabethkingia, and Aeromonas exhibited significant differences in abundance compared to the late fermentation stage and were identified as the primary microbial groups likely driving the enzymatic degradation. During the nitrite degradation period, the nitrite concentration decreased to 0.04 mg/kg, the pH dropped to 3.6, and the abundances of nirK and nirS genes were reduced to 1.0 × 103 copies/μL. At this stage, the nitrite degradation was primarily driven by acid activity. The bacterial phylum Firmicutes (99%) exhibited a strong correlation with pH. Within this phylum, the genus Lactobacillus, which showed significant differences in abundance compared to the early fermentation stage, was identified as the primary microbial group indirectly contributing to acidic degradation. This study provides guidance for the isolation of food-grade prokaryotic microbial strains capable of nitrite degradation. Additionally, the findings offer a methodological reference for conducting future research on nitrite-degrading microorganisms in fermented vegetable broths.
Valorizing Grape Pomace: A Review of Applications, Nutritional Benefits, and Potential in Functional Food Development
Authors: Kurćubić Vladimir S. , Stanišić Nikola , Stajić Slaviša B. , Dmitrić Marko , Živković Saša , Kurćubić Luka V. , Živković Vladimir , Jakovljević Vladimir , Mašković Pavle Z. , Mašković Jelena
Published: December 2024

Grape pomace (GP), a byproduct of winemaking, has gained significant attention as a sustainable and functional ingredient with applications in the food and nutraceutical industries. This review examines the potential of GP in meat products and analogs, functional foods, and nutraceuticals, highlighting its composition, health benefits, and role in enhancing nutritional and functional properties. Rich in dietary fiber, polyphenols, essential fatty acids, and bioactive compounds, GP exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and gut health-promoting effects, making it suitable for various food applications. Its incorporation into meat products, such as sausages and patties, improves texture, enhances shelf life, and increases nutritional value while reducing the environmental footprint. GP is also effective in functional foods such as baked goods, dairy and plant-based yoghurts, smoothies, and snack bars, where it can enrich fiber and polyphenol content, aid in satiety, and provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. The challenge is how to maintain the sensory properties characteristic of conventional, unmodified products. In nutraceuticals, GP’s polyphenolic compounds and dietary fiber support antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic health functions, with applications as antioxidant supplements, gut health boosters, weight management aids, and cardiovascular health supplements. Despite challenges such as taste modification and optimizing bioavailability, GP’s versatility and sustainability highlight its value in developing innovative, health-oriented products. This review emphasizes the promise of GP as a valuable ingredient in functional foods and nutraceutical formulations, contributing to health, sustainability, and resource efficiency.
Carob Syrup: Prebiotic Potential of a Neglected Functional Beverage of Mediterranean Countries
Authors: Nissen Lorenzo , Addazii Davide , Casciano Flavia , Danesi Francesca , Rodriguez-Estrada Maria Teresa , Mercatante Dario , Ben Ayache Siwar , Lotfi Achour , Argiriou Anagnostis , Ayfantopoulou Georgia , Gianotti Andrea
Published: December 2024

Carob syrup, a traditional Mediterranean functional beverage obtained from Ceratonia siliqua (L.) pods, has been historically valued for its nutritional properties but is currently underutilized. This study compared the prebiotic potential of three handmade carob syrups produced by Tunisian women with commercial benchmarks from Italy, Greece and Cyprus. The prebiotic activity was evaluated by prebiotic scores, bifidogenic activity and volatilome characterization (SPME GC/MS) together with physicochemical and nutritional parameters. The results showed that Tunisian handmade products exhibited lower growth of pathogenic Escherichia coli compared to commercial samples. The prebiotic activity, tested against probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria mixtures, showed a hierarchy of efficacy: fructo-oligosaccharides (FOSs) > Tunisian handmade products > Greek and Cypriot benchmarks > Italian benchmark. Volatilome analysis revealed about 40 compounds, mainly organic acids and aldehydes, with higher concentrations in handmade products. Positive correlations were found between prebiotic activity and short-chain fatty acids and n-hexadecanoic acid, while furfural showed negative correlations. The Tunisian artisanal products showed a higher prebiotic potential compared to the commercial counterparts, due to their higher content and diversity of organic acids. However, the presence of furfural in Tunisian products needs to be monitored due to potential toxicity concerns.
Phytochemistry, Anti-cancer, and Anti-diabetic Properties of Plant-Based Foods from Mexican Agrobiodiversity: A Review
Authors: García-Gurrola Adriana , Martínez Ana Laura , Wall-Medrano Abraham , Olivas-Aguirre Francisco J. , Ochoa-Ruiz Estefania , Escobar-Puentes Alberto A.
Published: December 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cancer are significant contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent studies have increasingly highlighted the potential of phytochemicals found in plants and plant-based foods for preventing and treating these chronic diseases. Mexico’s agrobiodiversity provides a valuable resource for phytochemistry. This review presents an examination of essential phytochemicals found in plants and foods within Mexican agrobiodiversity that have shown promising anti-cancer and anti-diabetic properties, including their roles as antioxidants, insulin sensitizers, and enzyme inhibitors. Notable compounds identified include flavonoids (such as quercetin and catechins), phenolic acids (chlorogenic, gallic, and caffeic acids), methylxanthines (like theobromine), xanthones (such as mangiferin), capsaicinoids (capsaicin), organosulfur compounds (like alliin), and various lipids (avocatins). Although these phytochemicals have shown promise in laboratory and animal studies, there is a significant scarcity of clinical trial data involving humans, underscoring an important area for future research.
Application of EU Geographical Indications for the Protection of Smoked Dry-Cured Ham—Impact on Quality Parameters
Authors: Gugić Ratković Ana , Turk Martina , Medić Helga , Karolyi Danijel , Marušić Radovčić Nives
Published: December 2024

This study compares Dalmatinski pršut, an EU Protected Geographical Indication (PGI)-labelled smoked dry-cured ham from the Dalmatia region in Croatia, with non-PGI hams from the same area, focusing on the impact of PGI certification on the product quality. The investigation is prompted by the increasing presence of dry-cured hams lacking the PGI label on the market, aspiring to compete with esteemed high-value PGI products. Samples of 28 smoked dry-cured hams (12 PGI and 16 non-PGI) were analysed for chemical properties, fatty acid composition, volatile compounds, PAH content and sensory characteristics. The results showed that PGI and non-PGI hams differ in their chemical and physical properties, with non-PGI hams having a lower water content and a higher salt content, which was also confirmed by the saltier taste in the sensory evaluation. PGI hams had a lower b* colour value, and, while the differences in texture were minimal, non-PGI hams had slightly more monounsaturated fatty acids. The aroma analysis revealed that PGI hams contained more aldehydes and alcohols, while non-PGI hams had a higher content of phenolic compounds and aromatic hydrocarbons, probably due to differences in smoking practices. PAH levels, however, were within the EU limits, indicating controlled smoking of both type of hams. Overall, these results show that the quality of smoked dry-cured ham can be distinguished by the PGI designation. The study illustrates how the traditional production methods prescribed by the PGI production protocols shape the sensory and chemical profiles of Dalmatinski pršut, with the PGI certification playing a crucial role in maintaining product quality and certifying its typicality, to distinguish it from non-PGI products.
Scientific Mapping of Chia Protein Research: State of the Art and Future Trends
Authors: Santos Júlia Scherer , Durso Arthur Coelho , da Silva César Augusto Sodré , de Castro Santana Rejane
Published: December 2024

This report is a pioneering bibliometric analysis of chia proteins as well as a review of the current/future themes of chia proteins. Reports were selected from the Scopus database, and networks of co-word occurrence, co-cited references, and the bibliographic coupling of documents were obtained. The health benefits and functional properties of chia proteins/peptides are current themes while the research of chia peptides is an emergent theme. The co-word network showed a low link between health benefits and functional properties, concluding that protein derivatives with both properties must be better explored. This review elucidated how the conditions of protein extraction and protein hydrolysis must be adjusted to maximize the intended functional characteristics and health benefits. An extremely alkaline pH and heating provided chia proteins with the lowest solubility, emulsifying properties, and antioxidant activity. Higher hydrolysis time increases peptides’ hydrolysis degree, which affects its biological activity. Moreover, chia peptides showed higher oil absorption and emulsifying properties than chia protein isolates. The highlighted findings of this report represent the current research status which may require a new updated review in the future. A more in-depth approach to chia protein derivatives’ extraction will enable their quick development in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
Qualitative Analysis and Novel Exact Soliton Solutions to the Compound Korteweg–De Vries–Burgers Equation
Authors: Alomair Abdulrahman , Al Naim Abdulaziz Saud , Bayram Mustafa
Published: December 2024

This paper deals with the exact wave results of the (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear compound Korteweg–De Vries and Burgers (KdVB) equation with a truncated M-fractional derivative. This model represents the generalization of Korteweg–De Vries-modified Korteweg–De Vries and Burgers equations. We obtained periodic, combo singular, dark–bright, and other wave results with the use of the extended sinh-Gordon equation expansion (EShGEE) and modified (G′/G2)-expansion techniques. The use of the effective fractional derivative makes our results much better than the existing results. The obtained solutions are useful as well as applicable in various fields, including mathematical physics, plasma physics, ocean engineering, optics, etc. The obtained solutions are demonstrated by 2D, 3D, and contour plots. The achieved results will be fruitful for future research on this equation. Stability analysis is used to check that the results are precise as well as exact. Modulation instability (MI) analysis is performed to find stable steady-state solutions of the abovementioned model. In the end, it is concluded that the methods used are easy and reliable.
Does Rhetoric Drive Conspiracy Theory Beliefs?
Authors: Klofstad Casey , Uscinski Joseph
Published: December 2024

What leads people to believe in conspiracy theories? While scholars have learned much about both the psychological, social, and political factors associated with individuals’ receptivity to conspiracy theories, and the rhetoric with which these ideas are communicated, these two lines of research have often proceeded in isolation, leaving scholars not fully understanding if rhetoric persuades audiences of conspiracy theories. Employing two U.S. national survey experiments, we test the effect of six rhetorical devices on respondents’ endorsements of eleven different conspiracy theories. Across both studies, we fail to find evidence showing that these rhetorical devices increased the endorsement of any of the eleven conspiracy theories. These findings suggest that conspiracy theory beliefs are more the product of worldviews and group identities than of leaders’ communication styles.
Novel Intragenic and Genomic Variants Highlight the Phenotypic Variability in HCCS-Related Disease
Authors: Reis Linda M. , Basel Donald , Bitoun Pierre , Walton David S. , Glaser Tom , Semina Elena V.
Published: December 2024

Background: Disruption of HCCS results in microphthalmia with linear skin lesions (MLS) characterized by microphthalmia/anophthalmia, corneal opacity, aplastic skin lesions, variable central nervous system and cardiac anomalies, intellectual disability, and poor growth in heterozygous females. Structural variants consisting of chromosomal rearrangements or deletions are the most common variant type, but a small number of intragenic variants have been reported. Methods: Exome sequencing identified variants affecting HCCS. Results: Three novel intragenic variants and two genomic deletions of HCCS were found in individuals with primarily ocular features of MLS. X-inactivation was highly skewed in affected individuals with all three intragenic variants. Corneal opacity was the most penetrant feature (100%). In addition, a duplication of uncertain significance including both HCCS and AMELX was identified in a male with corneal anomalies, glaucoma, an atrial septal defect, and enamel hypoplasia along with a family history of developmental ocular disorders consistent with X-linked inheritance. Conclusion: Although variable expressivity is a known feature of MLS, our findings provide additional support for including HCCS in testing for individuals with isolated ocular anomalies and provide further evidence for its association with congenital aphakia, aniridia/other iris defects, and corneal staphyloma/ectasia.
Relationship of Interleukin 6 with Hepatic Steatosis and Liver Fibrosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis at a Rheumatology Care Center in Cartagena, Colombia
Authors: Pérez-Mingan Gloria Caterine , Sierra-Merlano Rita Magola , Yepes Ismael , Vergara María Judith Palomino , Ortiz Miguel , Peña Breiner , Cano-Pérez Eder , Gómez-Camargo Doris
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association of IL-6 with steatotic liver disease (SLD) and liver fibrosis (LF) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients at a rheumatology center in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included RA and non-RA cases. The level of cellular expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) was evaluated by flow cytometry in peripheral blood leukocytes, and the presence of SLD and LF was detected by elastosonography. The main outcome was to establish the association between the levels of cellular expression of IL-6 and the development of SLD and LF. Results: This study included 47 cases of RA and 34 cases on-RA, with a mean age of 54 and 55 years, respectively. The frequency of SLD was 55.3% in RA and 38.2% in non-RA. The frequency of LF was 12.8% in RA and 14.7% in non-RA, with no statistical difference. The levels of cellular expression of IL-6 were significantly higher in RA compared to non-RA. Cellular expression of IL-6 was associated with the presence of SLD (54% vs. 30.3%; p = 0.002). This association was not maintained in RA cases (49.5% vs. 47.6%; p = 0.571). No association was found between cellular expression of IL-6 and LF in the total population (43.8% vs. 42.7%; p = 0.813) nor in RA cases (59.41% vs. 48.3%; p = 0.526). Conclusions: IL-6 levels were related to SLD in the evaluated sample, and RA was not a risk factor for SLD or LF. The prognostic role of IL-6 for SLD in patients with RA requires further studies.
Drought Stress Inhibits the Accumulation of Rotenoids and the Biosynthesis of Drought-Responsive Phytohormones in Mirabilis himalaica (Edgew.) Heim Calli
Authors: Zhang Shiyi , Gao Jiaqi , Lan Xiaozhong , Zhang Linfan , Lian Weipeng , Wang Chenglin , Shen Zhanyun , Li Xiang , Liu Juan
Published: December 2024

Background: Mirabilis himalaica, distributed in the high-altitude, arid, and semi-arid regions of Xizang, exhibits great tolerance to drought, which is rich in rotenoids and other secondary metabolites. It is still unknown, though, how drought stress influences rotenoid synthesis in M. himalaica. Methods: In this study, the calli of M. himalaica were subjected to 5% PEG6000 for 0, 20, and 40 h and divided into control group (CK), mild-drought-treated group (M), and high-drought-treated group (H), respectively. We then analyzed the relative content of three main rotenoids in M. himalaica using high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Results: Our findings demonstrated that the content of rotenoids was significantly reduced under drought stress. Transcriptome analysis subsequently revealed 14,525 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the different treatments. Furthermore, these DEGs exhibited enrichment in pathways associated with isoflavone biosynthesis and hormone signaling pathways. Key genes with decreased expression patterns during drought stress were also found to be involved in rotenoid accumulation and drought-responsive phytohormone signaling, including abscisic acid (ABA), auxin (IAA), and jasmonic acid (JA). Conclusions: These findings elucidate the molecular processes of drought resistance in M. himalaica and shed light on the relationship between rotenoid production and drought stress in M. himalaica.
House Mice in the Atlantic Region: Genetic Signals of Their Human Transport
Authors: Gabriel Sofia I. , Hughes Jonathan J. , Herman Jeremy S. , Baines John F. , Giménez Mabel D. , Gray Melissa M. , Hardouin Emilie A. , Payseur Bret A. , Ryan Peter G. , Sánchez-Chardi Alejandro , Ulrich Rainer G. , Mathias Maria da Luz , Searle Jeremy B.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The colonization history of house mice reflects the maritime history of humans that passively transported them worldwide. We investigated western house mouse colonization in the Atlantic region through studies of mitochondrial D-loop DNA sequences from modern specimens. Methods: We assembled a dataset of 758 haplotypes derived from 2765 mice from 47 countries/oceanic archipelagos (a combination of new and published data). Our maximum likelihood phylogeny recovered five previously identified clades, and we used the haplotype affinities within the phylogeny to infer house mouse colonization history, employing statistical tests and indices. From human history, we predefined four European source areas for mice in the Atlantic region (Northern Europe excluding Scandinavia, Southern Europe, Scandinavia, and Macaronesia) and we investigated the colonization from these source areas to different geographic areas in the Atlantic region. Results: Our inferences suggest mouse colonization of Scandinavia itself from Northern Europe, and Macaronesia from both Southern Europe and Scandinavia/Germany (the latter likely representing the transport of mice by Vikings). Mice on North Atlantic islands apparently derive primarily from Scandinavia, while for South Atlantic islands, North America, and Sub-Saharan Africa, the clearest source is Northern Europe, although mice on South Atlantic islands also had genetic inputs from Macaronesia and Southern Europe (for Tristan da Cunha). Macaronesia was a stopover for Atlantic voyages, creating an opportunity for mouse infestation. Mice in Latin America also apparently had multiple colonization sources, with a strong Southern European signal but also input from Northern Europe and/or Macaronesia. Conclusions: D-loop sequences help discern the broad-scale colonization history of house mice and new perspectives on human history.
A Study on the Use of the Rose in Cemal Süreya’s Poems
Authors: Memiş Baytimur Nazli
Published: December 2024

The flower, recognized as a very important concept worldwide from the earliest ages, is considered a symbol that expresses emotions and thoughts within the shared understanding of humanity. The flower is also found in literature and, therefore, in poetry as a literary genre, showing its effect in many aspects of life. The shaping of the Turkish poetry map has become much more intense, especially during the Republican Period. The existence of movements that set out with different understandings proves this. The Second New movement which took shape in the mid-1950s is one of them. Cemal Süreya was a prominent poet in the Second New movement in Turkish poetry. Like many other poets, Süreya expresses sentiments about life, women, ideas and political identity by blending flowers with humor and his intellectual and versatile personality. The rose is one of the flowers the poet uses in this context. This article presents a different perspective on the poet’s work by examining the specific poems and verses in which the rose is utilized, detailing the frequency and the manner of its application, and analyzing these.
Threats to the Dignity of People with Advanced Illness Who Are Treated in Emergency Departments: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Fernández-Férez Alba , Berthe-Kone Ousmane , Granero-Heredia Gonzalo , Correa-Casado Matías , Jiménez-Lasserrotte María del Mar , Martínez-Bordajandi Álvaro , Granero-Molina José
Published: December 2024

Background: Dignity is a key element in end-of-life care. Patients with advanced illness attend the emergency department to seek symptom relief but may find their dignity under threat in these services. Objective: The purpose of the study was to explore the threats to dignity perceived by people with advanced illnesses who are treated in emergency departments. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was designed for which 18 patients with advanced illnesses were interviewed after being seen in an emergency department. The study complied with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki for medical research involving human subjects. Results: Two themes were developed from the data analysis that shed light on how patients with advanced illnesses perceive threats to their dignity when seen in emergency departments: (1) “when care focused on diagnosis and treatment limits the dignity of the patient with advanced illness” and (2) “the social dimension of dignity in people with advanced illness in emergency departments”. Conclusions: We conclude that the structural, organizational, and care characteristics of emergency departments may pose a threat to the dignity of people with advanced illnesses who attend the emergency department. Family members, professionals, and other patients can both guarantee and threaten the dignity of people with advanced illnesses when they are treated in emergency departments.
Clinical Presentation and Integrated Management of Pressure Injuries in the Emergency Hospital Setting: A Plastic Surgeon’s Perspective
Authors: Cacior Stefan , Bordeanu-Diaconescu Eliza-Maria , Ratoiu Vladut-Alin , Grosu-Bularda Andreea , Hodea Florin-Vlad , Al-Falah Khalid , Teodoreanu Razvan-Nicolae , Popescu Serban-Arghir , Lascar Ioan , Hariga Cristian-Sorin
Published: December 2024

Background: Pressure injuries are localized areas of tissue damage or necrosis that occur when pressure is applied to the skin for prolonged periods, often over bony prominences, often the sacrum, heels, ischial tuberosities, and greater trochanters. The pathophysiology is complex, involving a combination of mechanical forces, ischemia, and tissue hypoxia. Methods: We conducted a 2-year retrospective study aiming to assess the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and management of pressure injuries in patients admitted to an emergency hospital who underwent a plastic surgery examination. Results: This study included 176 patients with clinically diagnosed pressure ulcers, with findings showing 28.52% of cases as stage III and 35.57% as stage IV. Common sites included the sacrum (40.94%), ischium (15.1%), and heel (14.43%). The median patient age was 76 years, with 47.15% between 60 and 80 years and 36.93% ≥ 80 years, often presenting with comorbidities increasing the risk of pressure injuries, such as cardiovascular disease (71.59%), diabetes (18.18%) and obesity (9.66%). Important risk factors included neurological diseases (46.02%), spinal cord injuries (14.7%), and nutritional deficiencies, as indicated by anemia (10.43g/dL; 95% CI [10.04; 10.82]), low serum albumin (2.56 g/dL; 95% CI [2.43; 2.69]) and proteins (5.54 g/dL; 95% CI [5.34; 5.73]). Mortality was significant, at 36.93%, with 23.3% occurring within the first 7 days of hospitalization due to the patients’ critical condition. Decision-making for surgical intervention considered the patient’s general status, comorbidities, and ulcer severity. Surgical treatment consisted of seriate debridement, negative pressure vacuum therapy, and/or coverage using skin grafting, local advancement, or rotation flaps. Conclusions: The key question for a plastic surgeon to consider is how pressure ulcers should be managed. Various debridement and covering techniques should be tailored to the wound’s characteristics, considering patient comorbidities and general health condition.
The “Ideal Birth”: The Occurrence of Severe Perineal Lacerations, Related Factors and the Possibility of Identifying Patients at Higher Risk
Authors: Aquino Carmen Imma , Tivano Alessia , Sala Francesca Della , Colagiorgio Sofia , Scalisi Lucia , Alemu Tewobista Ewnetu , Scotti Lorenza , Tarrano Elisabetta , Remorgida Valentino , Surico Daniela
Published: December 2024

Background: Obstetric lesions of the anal sphincter (OASIS) are tears intersecting the structure of the anus after vaginal delivery. Our aim is to provide data on the incidence of OASIS and investigate potentially connected risk factors. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 464 parturient patients admitted to the AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara (Italy), in the last ten years (2013–2023), comparing 116 cases (with OASIS) versus 348 controls (with no OASIS). Results: The incidence of OASIS was 1.1%. Among the significant risk factors associated with the risk of severe perineal laceration in our sample, we observed nulliparity, previous caesarean sections, assisted reproduction technology, kilos gained during pregnancy, induced delivery, the use of oxytocin for augmentation, epidural analgesia, delivery after 40 weeks of gestation, position at delivery, the duration of labor, the application of a vacuum cup, newborn weight and head circumference. Conclusions: It was a challenge to find data on OASIS and on more preventable and modifiable risk factors. Beyond the improvement of the corresponding diagnostic and therapeutic tools, a new aim could be to stratify women giving birth based on possible risk factors.
The Efficacy of Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Blocks When Completed by Anesthesiologists Versus by Surgeons: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Irvine Dylan , Rennie Christopher , Coughlin Emily , Thornton Imani , Mhaskar Rahul , Huang Jeffrey
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Current literature has demonstrated the benefits of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks for reducing postoperative pain and opioid consumption for an array of surgical procedures. Some randomized controlled trials and retrospective studies have compared ultrasound guidance TAP blocks completed by anesthesiologists (US-TAP) to laparoscopic guidance TAP blocks completed by surgeons (LAP-TAP). However, the findings of these studies have not been consolidated to improve recommendations and patient outcomes. Our objective is to consolidate and summarize current literature regarding the efficacy of TAP blocks for postoperative pain control and opioid consumption when performed with ultrasound guidance (US-TAP, compared to laparoscopic guidance (LAP-TAP). Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs and retrospective studies to evaluate US-TAP versus LAP-TAP blocks for postoperative pain control and opioid consumption. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases for all articles meeting the search criteria until the time of article extraction in February 2024. The primary outcome variables were postoperative pain scores and opioid consumption. The secondary outcome variables were complications, time taken to perform the block, length of stay (LOS) in the hospital, and cost of performing the block. Results: Of the 1673 articles initially identified, 18 studies met the inclusion criteria for evaluation. Of the included studies, 88.9% and 77.8% found no significant difference in postoperative pain scores or opioid consumption, respectively, between US-TAP and LAP-TAP groups. Six studies (33.3%) found that LAP-TAP was faster to perform than US-TAP. Meta-analysis demonstrated no statistically significant differences in postoperative pain scores or opioid consumption between groups but showed that block times were significantly longer in the US-TAP group. Conclusions: US-TAP and LAP-TAP blocks may be equivocal in terms of reducing postoperative pain and opioid consumption. LAP-TAPs may be less time-consuming and more cost-effective and viable alternatives to US-TAP blocks in the perioperative setting.