bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Is Associated With Executive Dysfunction and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Case Nevicia F. , Charlton Anna , Zwiers Angela , Batool Saima , McCreary Cheryl R. , Hogan David B. , Ismail Zahinoor , Zerna Charlotte , Coutts Shelagh B. , Frayne Richard , Goodyear Brad , Haffenden Angela , Smith Eric E.
Published: June 2016

Background and Purpose—

Autopsy studies suggest that cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is associated with cognitive impairment and risk for dementia. We analyzed neuropsychological test data from a prospective cohort study of patients with CAA to identify the prevalence of cognitive impairment and its associations with brain magnetic resonance imaging features and the apolipoprotein E genotype.

Methods—

Data were analyzed from 34 CAA, 16 Alzheimer’s disease, 69 mild cognitive impairment, and 27 ischemic stroke participants. Neuropsychological test results were expressed as
z
scores in relation to normative data provided by the test manuals and then grouped into domains of memory, executive function, and processing speed.

Results—

Mean test scores in CAA participants were significantly lower than norms for memory (−0.44±1.03;
P
=0.02), executive function (−1.14±1.07;
P
<0.001), and processing speed (−1.06±1.12;
P
<0.001). Twenty-seven CAA participants (79%) had mild cognitive impairment based on low cognitive performance accompanied by cognitive concerns. CAA participants had similarly low executive function scores as Alzheimer’s disease, but relatively preserved memory. CAA participants’ scores were lower than those of ischemic stroke controls for executive function and processing speed. Lower processing speed scores in CAA were associated with higher magnetic resonance imaging white matter hyperintensity volume. There were no associations with the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele.

Conclusions—

Mild cognitive impairment is very prevalent in CAA. The overall cognitive profile of CAA is more similar to that seen in vascular cognitive impairment rather than Alzheimer’s disease. White matter ischemic lesions may underlie some of the impaired processing speed in CAA.
Molecular analysis of six Rhynchospio Hartman, 1936 species (Annelida: Spionidae) with comments on the evolution of brooding within the group
Authors: RADASHEVSKY VASILY I. , MALYAR VASILY V. , PANKOVA VICTORIA V. , NUZHDIN SERGEY V.
Published: June 2016

Rhynchospio Hartman, 1936 is a small group of spionid polychaetes currently comprising ten described species distributed mainly in the Pacific. Five species examined to date are hermaphrodites producing spermatozoa with long nuclei, oocytes with thin and smooth envelopes, and dorsally brooding their offspring. Since our first molecular analysis of four Rhynchospio species, we have collected additional material from Northern Territory, Australia, and Oregon, USA. Herein, we describe the gamete and adult morphology of the newly collected material and use molecular analyses to provide new insight on the phylogenetic relationships of six Rhynchospio species. Adults of R. cf. foliosa from Oregon are hermaphrodites, but in contrast to other Rhynchospio, they produce spermatozoa with short nuclei (ect-aquasperm), oocytes with thick vesiculate envelopes, and likely have a holopelagic larval development. Analysis of four gene fragments, comprising mitochondrial 16S rDNA, and nuclear 18S, 28S rDNA, and Histone 3 (2516 bp in total) showed Rhynchospio to be a monophyletic group, with R. cf. foliosa being a distant sister to the five other species. Rhynchospio cf. foliosa was closer to M. arctia having ect-aquasperm and vesiculate thick-envelop oocytes (p = 14.40%) than to Spioninae members B. proboscidea and P. elegans, having introsperm and oocytes with thin and smooth envelopes (p = 15.39 and 16.54%, respectively). We hypothesize that brooding might have evolved from free-spawning inside the Rhynchospio clade, but this hypothesis should be tested in a future analysis.
Revision of Neocolochelyna Malaise (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)
Authors: NIU GENGYUN , WEI MEICAI , SHINOHARA AKIHIKO , NAITO TIKAHIKO
Published: June 2016

Neocolochelyna Malaise, 1937 is revised. Curvatapenis Wei, 2002 is treated as a subgenus of Neocolochelyna. The genus and its type species, N. montana Konow, 1898, as well as N. (C.) itoi Takeuchi, 1951 and N. (C.) testaceoa Wei, 2002 are redescribed based on types and new material. N. (N.) acutilabria Niu & Wei sp. nov., N. (C.) hyalina Niu & Wei sp. nov. and N. (C.) wui Niu & Wei sp. nov. are described. Neocolochelyna hakusana Togashi, 1995 is a new synonym (syn. nov.) of N. itoi Takeuchi, 1951. Neocolochelyna (Curvatapenis) testaceoa (Wei, 2002) is a new combination (comb. nov.). A key to species of Neocolochelyna is provided.
The Response of an Idealized Atmosphere to Orographic Forcing: Zonal versus Meridional Propagation
Authors: Lutsko Nicholas J. , Held Isaac M.
Published: June 2016

A dry atmospheric general circulation model is forced with large-scale, Gaussian orography in an attempt to isolate a regime in which the model responds linearly to orographic forcing and then to study the departures from linearity as the orography is increased in amplitude. In contrast to previous results, which emphasized the meridional propagation of orographically forced stationary waves, using the standard Held–Suarez (H–S) control climate, it is found that the linear regime is characterized by a meridionally trapped, zonally propagating wave. Meridionally trapped waves of this kind have been seen in other contexts, where they have been termed “circumglobal waves.” As the height of the orography is increased, the circumglobal wave coexists with a meridionally propagating wave and for large-enough heights the meridionally propagating wave dominates the response. A barotropic model on a sphere reproduces this trapped wave in the linear regime and also reproduces the transition to meridional propagation with increasing amplitude. However, mean-flow modification by the stationary waves is very different in the two models, making it difficult to argue that the transitions have the same causes. When adding asymmetry across the equator to the H–S control climate and placing the orography in the cooler hemisphere, it becomes harder to generate trapped waves in the GCM and the trapping becomes sensitive to the shape of the orography. The barotropic model overestimates the trapping in this case. These results suggest that an improved understanding of the role of circumglobal waves will be needed to understand the stationary wave field and its sensitivity to the changes in the zonal-mean climate.
Uncertainties in Projecting Future Changes in Atmospheric Rivers and Their Impacts on Heavy Precipitation over Europe
Authors: Gao Yang , Lu Jian , Leung L. Ruby
Published: June 2016

This study investigates the North Atlantic atmospheric rivers (ARs) making landfall over western Europe in the present and future climate from the multimodel ensemble of phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Overall, CMIP5 captures the seasonal and spatial variations of historical landfalling AR days, with the large intermodel variability strongly correlated with the intermodel spread of historical near-surface westerly jet position. Under representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5), AR frequency is projected to increase significantly by the end of this century, with 127%–275% increase at peak AR frequency regions (45°–55°N). While thermodynamics plays a dominant role in the future increase of ARs, wind changes associated with the midlatitude jet shifts also significantly contribute to AR changes, resulting in dipole change patterns in all seasons. In the North Atlantic, the model-projected jet shifts are strongly correlated with the simulated historical jet position. As models exhibit predominantly equatorward biases in the historical jet position, the large poleward jet shifts reduce AR days south of the historical mean jet position through the dynamical connections between the jet positions and AR days. Using the observed historical jet position as an emergent constraint, dynamical effects further increase future AR days over the equatorward flank above the increases from thermodynamical effects. Compared to the present, both total and extreme precipitation induced by ARs in the future contribute more to the seasonal mean and extreme precipitation, primarily because of the increase in AR frequency. While AR precipitation intensity generally increases more relative to the increase in integrated vapor transport, AR extreme precipitation intensity increases much less.
Diabatic Processes and the Evolution of Two Contrasting Summer Extratropical Cyclones
Authors: Martínez-Alvarado Oscar , Gray Suzanne L. , Methven John
Published: June 2016

Extratropical cyclones are typically weaker and less frequent in summer as a result of differences in the background state flow and diabatic processes with respect to other seasons. Two extratropical cyclones were observed in summer 2012 with a research aircraft during the Diabatic Influences on Mesoscale Structures in Extratropical Storms (DIAMET) field campaign. The first cyclone deepened only down to 995 hPa; the second cyclone deepened down to 978 hPa and formed a potential vorticity (PV) tower, a frequent signature of intense cyclones. The objectives of this article are to quantify the effects of diabatic processes and their parameterizations on cyclone dynamics. The cyclones were analyzed through numerical simulations incorporating tracers for the effects of diabatic processes on potential temperature and PV. The simulations were compared with radar rainfall observations and dropsonde measurements. It was found that the observed maximum vapor flux in the stronger cyclone was twice as strong as in the weaker cyclone; the water vapor mass flow along the warm conveyor belt of the stronger cyclone was over half that typical in winter. The model overestimated water vapor mass flow by approximately a factor of 2 as a result of deeper structure in the rearward flow and humidity in the weaker case. An integral tracer interpretation is introduced, relating the tracers with cross-isentropic mass transport and circulation. It is shown that the circulation around the cyclone increases much more slowly than the amplitude of the diabatically generated PV tower. This effect is explained using the PV impermeability theorem.
The Dynamics of Political Embeddedness in China
Authors: Haveman Heather A. , Jia Nan , Shi Jing , Wang Yongxiang
Published: June 2016

Economic transitions in countries that move from state planning and redistribution to market exchange create business opportunities but also uncertainty, because many interdependent factors—modes of exchange, types of products, and forms of organizations—are in flux. Uncertainty is even greater when the country’s political institutions remain authoritarian because the rule of law is weak and state bureaucrats retain power over the economy. This study of listed firms in China, which has recently seen economic transition but persistent authoritarianism, shows that in such contexts, firms can reduce uncertainty by developing relationships with state bureaucrats, which help firms learn how state bureaucracies operate and engender trust between firms and bureaucrats. Together, knowledge and trust stabilize operations and help persuade bureaucrats to lighten regulatory burdens, grant firms access to state-controlled resources, and improve government oversight. Our results show that as economic transitions proceed and uncertainty increases, business–state ties increasingly improve firm performance. We also investigate two likely contingencies, industry and firm size, and two important causal mechanisms, access to bank loans and protection from related-party loans, and show that the value of business–state relations varies over time, depending on the trajectory of both economic and political institutions.
精神分析师的欲望和自恋性阻抗问题 (The Analyst’s Desire and the Problem of Narcissistic Resistances)
Authors: 威爾遜 米切爾 , Wilson Mitchell
Published: June 2016

分析师不可避免地会欲求着与病人的特别体验，这常常导向自恋性基础上的阻抗。这样的欲望形式是值得思考的。 可以检视一下这五种假设： 1 分析师情不自禁地会有欲望，并想要被分析者认可这些欲望； 2 这些欲望经常标识了分析师的理论信仰和技术性干预； 3 自恋性的欲望及其影响在分析实践中是普遍存在的； 4 病人经常在留心分析师的各种目的；5 病人常常希望分析师将他的欲望放在一边来倾听自己，以使病人能够深入到自己的利益中去。拉康“二元关系”的概念是这一讨论的核心。新克莱因派关于自恋性阻抗的位置也将被探究，而“分析性第三者”的概念也成为了这一问题的一个潜在解决方式。由此扩展的一个案例阐明了这些主要观点。
The Class Pay Gap in Higher Professional and Managerial Occupations
Authors: Laurison Daniel , Friedman Sam
Published: June 2016

This article demonstrates how class origin shapes earnings in higher professional and managerial employment. Taking advantage of newly released data in Britain’s Labour Force Survey, we examine the relative openness of different high-status occupations and the earnings of the upwardly mobile within them. In terms of access, we find a distinction between traditional professions, such as law, medicine, and finance, which are dominated by the children of higher managers and professionals, and more technical occupations, such as engineering and IT, that recruit more widely. Moreover, even when people who are from working-class backgrounds are successful in entering high-status occupations, they earn 17 percent less, on average, than individuals from privileged backgrounds. This class-origin pay gap translates to up to £7,350 ($11,000) lower annual earnings. This difference is partly explained by the upwardly mobile being employed in smaller firms and working outside London, but it remains substantial even net of a variety of important predictors of earnings. These findings underline the value of investigating differences in mobility rates between individual occupations as well as illustrating how, beyond entry, the mobile population often faces an earnings “class ceiling” within high-status occupations.
Ultrathin Carbon Film Protected Silver Nanostructures for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Peng Yinshan , Zheng Xianliang , Tian Hongwei , Cui Xiaoqiang , Chen Hong , Zheng Weitao
Published: June 2016

In this paper, ultrathin carbon film protected silver substrate (Ag/C) was prepared via a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method. The morphological evolution of silver nanostructures underneath, as well as the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity of Ag/C hybrid can be tuned by controlling the deposition time. The stability and reproducibility of the as-prepared hybrid were also studied.
Simultaneous Determination of Monoatomic Ions via Infrared Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy in Aqueous Solution at Different Temperatures
Authors: Rauh Florian , Mizaikoff Boris
Published: June 2016

In this study, monoatomic and thus IR-inactive ions were determined via infrared attenuated total reflection (IR-ATR) spectroscopy including Cl−, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+ and Br−, next to the IR-active ion [Formula: see text]. The determination of IR-inactive ions is enabled, as each ion influences the infrared spectrum of bulk water by organizing the water molecules within the solvation shell around the ionic species in a unique way. Furthermore, the influence of temperature was taken into account for the potential application of this analytical technique in real-world scenarios. Using chemometric data analysis, seven ions could be discriminated at temperatures ranging between 3 ℃ and 45 ℃. Finally, within a sample of seawater, Cl−, Na+, Mg2+ and [Formula: see text] could be simultaneously quantified, while the concentrations of Ca2+, K+ and Br− remained below the achievable limits of detection.
Solid Phase Extraction and Preconcentration of Trace Gallium, Indium, and Thallium Using New Modified Amino Silica
Authors: Hassanien Mohamed M. , Mortada Wael I. , Kenawy Ibrahim M. , El-Daly Heba
Published: June 2016

Amino silica gel functionalized with 2-hydroxy-5 -(2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)benzoic acid was synthesized, characterized and used as adsorbent for the removal of Ga3+, In3+ and Tl3+ from aqueous solution prior to their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Experimental parameters that affect the separation process were investigated in both batch and column modes. The maximum adsorption capacities of the sorbent are 61.7 mg g−1, 81.3 mg g−1 and 133.0 mg g−1 for Ga3+, In3+ and Tl3+, respectively. The preconcentration factor is 200 and the limits of detection of Ga3+, In3+ and Tl3+ are 4.10 μg L−1, 1.55 μg L−1 and 1.21 μg L−1, respectively. Interference by Al3+ can be masked by the addition of F−; and that of Fe3+ by its reduction to Fe2+ using 10% ascorbic acid. The method was successfully applied for the determination of these ions in water, sediments and liquid crystal display samples.
Do Adaptive Representations of the Item-Position Effect in APM Improve Model Fit? A Simulation Study
Authors: Zeller Florian , Krampen Dorothea , Reiß Siegbert , Schweizer Karl
Published: June 2016

The item-position effect describes how an item’s position within a test, that is, the number of previous completed items, affects the response to this item. Previously, this effect was represented by constraints reflecting simple courses, for example, a linear increase. Due to the inflexibility of these representations our aim was to examine whether adapted representations are more appropriate than the existing ones. Models of confirmatory factor analysis were used for testing the different representations. Analyses were conducted by means of simulated data that followed the covariance pattern of Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM) items. Since the item-position effect has been demonstrated repeatedly for the APM, it is a very suitable measure for our investigations. Results revealed no remarkable improvement by using an adapted representation. Possible reasons causing these results are discussed.
Is one’s usual dinner companion associated with greater odds of depression? Using data from the 2014 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Lee Sang Ah , Park Eun-Cheol , Ju Yeong Jun , Nam Jin Young , Kim Tae Hyun
Published: June 2016

Background:

Support from one’s family has been reported to have a positive effect on depression severity. Hence, family dinnertimes, when whole family can gather together, can be effective to depression by providing support from family.

Aims:

We investigate the association between the dinner companion and depression, and the differences in this association by gender, living arrangement and household composition.

Methods:

We used the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014 data. A total of 4,181 individuals were included. We classified participants by their dinner companions as follows: dinner with family, dinner with others and eating alone. Depression was measured by using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association.

Result:

Those who ate dinner alone (odds ratio (OR): 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04–2.25) had higher depression rate compared to those who had dinner with family. The subgroup analysis indicated that men, those who live with others and those living in a second-generation household who ate dinner alone had greater odds of having depressive symptoms.

Conclusion:

Those who usually eat dinner alone have greater odds of developing depression compared to those who have dinner with their family. As such, family dinnertimes may help to alleviate depressive moods.
The Development of Korean Children’s and Adolescents’ Concepts of Social Convention
Authors: Midgette Allegra , Noh Jee Young , Lee In Jae , Nucci Larry
Published: June 2016

Previous research in the United States has revealed that children’s and adolescents’ understandings of social convention go through a developmental trajectory that includes an early adolescent phase “negating” the importance of convention. This study examined whether this developmental pattern would generalize to children and adolescents from the more traditional East Asian culture of Korea. Specifically, among U.S. samples, children in middle childhood have an understanding of conventions based on a concrete understanding of social hierarchy; early adolescents “negate” their prior understandings and view conventions as “merely” the dictates of authority; and in middle adolescence, U.S. samples establish an affirmation of convention as constituent elements of a social system structured by shared norms. Our hypotheses were that Korean children would not exhibit the negation phase associated with early adolescence and might develop an understanding of the societal function of convention earlier than U.S. samples. To examine this, interviews were conducted using culturally appropriate situations with 64 Korean children and adolescents in three age groups of 10 to 11 years ( Mage = 10.1 years), 12 to 13 years ( Mage = 13.2 years), and 15 to 16 years ( Mage = 15.8 years). Findings revealed that, contrary to our expectations, Korean children go through the same developmental sequence of concepts about convention as observed with children in the United States. This implies that the developmental trajectories of understandings of the functions of social convention can be generalized to children in traditional East Asian cultural settings.
Painful Temporomandibular Disorder
Authors: Slade G.D. , Ohrbach R. , Greenspan J.D. , Fillingim R.B. , Bair E. , Sanders A.E. , Dubner R. , Diatchenko L. , Meloto C.B. , Smith S. , Maixner W.
Published: June 2016

In 2006, the OPPERA project (Orofacial Pain: Prospective Evaluation and Risk Assessment) set out to identify risk factors for development of painful temporomandibular disorder (TMD). A decade later, this review summarizes its key findings. At 4 US study sites, OPPERA recruited and examined 3,258 community-based TMD-free adults assessing genetic and phenotypic measures of biological, psychosocial, clinical, and health status characteristics. During follow-up, 4% of participants per annum developed clinically verified TMD, although that was a “symptom iceberg” when compared with the 19% annual rate of facial pain symptoms. The most influential predictors of clinical TMD were simple checklists of comorbid health conditions and nonpainful orofacial symptoms. Self-reports of jaw parafunction were markedly stronger predictors than corresponding examiner assessments. The strongest psychosocial predictor was frequency of somatic symptoms, although not somatic reactivity. Pressure pain thresholds measured at cranial sites only weakly predicted incident TMD yet were strongly associated with chronic TMD, cross-sectionally, in OPPERA’s separate case-control study. The puzzle was resolved in OPPERA’s nested case-control study where repeated measures of pressure pain thresholds revealed fluctuation that coincided with TMD’s onset, persistence, and recovery but did not predict its incidence. The nested case-control study likewise furnished novel evidence that deteriorating sleep quality predicted TMD incidence. Three hundred genes were investigated, implicating 6 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as risk factors for chronic TMD, while another 6 SNPs were associated with intermediate phenotypes for TMD. One study identified a serotonergic pathway in which multiple SNPs influenced risk of chronic TMD. Two other studies investigating gene-environment interactions found that effects of stress on pain were modified by variation in the gene encoding catechol O-methyltransferase. Lessons learned from OPPERA have verified some implicated risk factors for TMD and refuted others, redirecting our thinking. Now it is time to apply those lessons to studies investigating treatment and prevention of TMD.
Measurement comparison of cotton fiber micronaire and its components by portable near infrared spectroscopy instruments
Authors: Rodgers James , Zumba Jimmy , Fortier Chanel
Published: June 2016

Micronaire is a key cotton fiber quality assessment property, and changes in fiber micronaire can impact fiber processing and dyeing consistency. Micronaire is a function of two fiber components—maturity and fineness. Historically, micronaire is measured in a laboratory under tightly controlled environmental conditions. There is increased interest by the cotton and textile industry to measure key fiber properties both in the laboratory and in-field (non-controlled conditions), using small portable near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy instruments. A program was implemented to determine the feasibility of using portable NIR instruments to monitor fiber micronaire, maturity, and fineness. Prior to outside the laboratory measurements (field, warehouse, etc.), laboratory feasibility was performed to assess the NIR instruments’ capabilities. Comparative evaluations for fiber micronaire, maturity, and fineness were performed on three portable NIR instruments. Instrumental, sampling, and operational procedures and protocols for each instrument were established. Although representing different measurement technologies, very good spectral agreement was observed between the portable NIR instruments and a bench-top NIR unit used as a comparison. Rapid (less than 3 minutes per sample), easy to use, and accurate measurements of fiber micronaire and maturity were achieved, with regressions ( R values) greater than 0.85, low residuals, and a low number of outliers observed for each NIR instrument. Improvements are required for the accurate measurement of fiber fineness by portable NIR instruments. Thus, for well-defined cotton fiber samples, the universal nature of the NIR measurement of cotton fiber micronaire and maturity by portable NIR instruments was validated.
Development of an enzyme-immobilized support using a polyester woven fabric
Authors: Shim Eui Jin , Lee So Hee , Song Wha Soon , Kim Hye Rim
Published: June 2016

In this study, we aimed to develop an enzyme-immobilized support using polyester woven fabrics and to optimize the development process. We obtained information about the storage stability and reusability of the enzyme and showed the applicability of the polyester woven fabric as an enzyme-immobilized support. In particular, the samples hydrolyzed by hydrogen chloride were treated with N,N’-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide to activate the surfaces. We evaluated the relative activity of the enzyme immobilization processes, the introduction of spacers, crosslinking and enzyme immobilization and optimized these parameters. The introduction process was controlled to a bovine serum albumin concentration of 1.5% (w/v) and treatment time of 3 h. The crosslinking process was optimized to pH 10.0, a glutaraldehyde concentration of 3% (v/v) and a crosslinking time of 90 min. The immobilization conditions were maintained at pH 8.5, a temperature of 25℃, a time of 45 min and a trypsin concentration of 6% (o.w.f.).
Mathematical model of haptic perception of temperature
Authors: De Mey Gilbert , Ciesielska-Wróbel Izabela , Van Langenhove Lieva
Published: June 2016

The tactile perception of temperature of fabric measured by the thermocouple placed between fabric and a fingertip was analyzed. The experimental data were compared to the mathematical model of heat transfer between body and fabric. A high correlation between mathematical model, which presents a theoretical approach to heat transfer, and the experimental part was found. It proves that the very basic laboratory setup for measurement of heat transfer can be a reliable source of information concerning this phenomenon. It was proven that two time constants, τ and τL, and two temperature values, T0 and ΔT0, are the essential parameters to obtain a reliable agreement between the mathematical model and the experimental results.
Textile sensor for heat flow measurements
Authors: Onofrei Elena , Codau Teodor-Cezar , Bedek Gauthier , Dupont Daniel , Cochrane Cedric
Published: June 2016

This paper describes the concept of creating and testing of a textile heat flow sensor in order to determine the amount of heat exchanged between the human body and its environment. The main advantage of this sensor is the permeability to moisture, which allows taking into account the evaporation phenomenon, contrary to the traditional heat flow sensors. Another property related to this new sensor is its flexibility conferred by the textile substrate, which allows it to be applied on deformable surfaces.
Influence of washing/drying cycles on fundamental properties of metal fiber-containing fabrics designed for electromagnetic shielding purposes
Authors: Tunáková Veronika , Techniková Lenka , Militký Jiří
Published: June 2016

The development of lightweight flexible materials for electromagnetic interference shielding has received increased attention in recent years, particularly for clothing or technical applications and especially in areas of aircraft, aerospace, automobiles and flexible electronics, such as portable electronics and wearable devices. There are many references in the literature concerning the development and investigation of electromagnetic shielding lightweight flexible materials, especially those that are textile based with different electrically conductive additives. However, little attention has been paid to the problems related to the performance of developed electromagnetic shielding materials for clothing in use, above all wet processing (washing and drying). The main aim of this paper is a description of the influence of washing/drying cycles on the fundamental properties of metal fiber-containing fabrics. Changes in electromagnetic shielding ability and electric conductivity after washing/drying cycles were studied and also other characteristics, such as pilling, changes in mass per unit area and thickness of conductive fabrics, were evaluated. For the purpose of this study, fabrics with different structures (knitted, woven) containing extremely thin stainless steel staple fibers incorporated to the yarn structure as the conductive filler were chosen. For quantification of the influence of the washing/drying cycles on the above-mentioned characteristics, regression methods and simple t-tests were used. Both knitted and woven fabrics withstood satisfactory repeated application of wet processing with respect to the main requirement – electromagnetic shielding ability; in addition, woven fabrics exceeded in higher electrical conductivity, higher shielding effectiveness and lower inclination to pilling and therefore can be used for the production of protective cloth.
Automatic identification of textile pattern consecutiveness based on similarity space
Authors: Tao Chen , Zhou Jiu , Yin Meifen
Published: June 2016

This study presented a mechanism to automatically identify consecutiveness of textile patterns so as to help classify the ever-growing number of patterns. The pattern consecutiveness was first decomposed into two factors, including repeat angle and unit span. Then the pattern image was sliced into pieces on various angles with various spans, and the similarity degree of slices on each angle with each span was calculated to constitute the similarity space in which the peak values suggested the potential repeat angles and unit spans. The conjugacy of repeat angles was inspected in the similarity space, and the conjugate angles were advanced to distinguish the four-consecutives from the two-consecutives. Given the relativity of conjugate angles, the conjugate coefficient was brought forward to quantify the conjugate level of two perpendicular angles so as to find the optimal conjugate angles for the four-consecutives. The peak significance was proposed to discriminate sharp peaks against weak ones, and the similarity spaces of mono patterns were investigated to figure out the range of peak significance for the mono pattern, and thus the mono pattern could be identified with an absence of sharp peaks. A scheme for consecutiveness identification based on similarity space was finally carried out and implemented with computer programming, and it proved highly accurate and capable of tolerating certain flawed pattern images.
Effect of fiber length and blending method on the tensile properties of ring spun chitosan–cotton blend yarns
Authors: Lam Ngan Yi Kitty , Zhang Meng , Guo Hui-fen , Ho Chu Po , Li Li
Published: June 2016

Chitosan has been widely studied for use in many areas, such as for its applications in the biomedical, engineering and pharmaceutical fields, as well as in industry, because of its unique properties, including biodegradability, antimicrobial activity, polycationic nature and biocompatibility. Thanks to the rapid development of materials science, chitosan applications are now possible in textiles. However, there are still many limitations of chitosan fibers in terms of their high electrostaticity, poor mechanical properties and high cost, which are obstacles that inhibit potential applications of chitosan fiber in the industry. Generally, in order to achieve the best performance with chitosan and enhance its commercial value, chitosan fibers are usually blended with long cotton fibers in the textile industry. Therefore, based on preliminary experiments and feedback from the industry, this study was carried out to further investigate the relationship between fiber length, fiber interaction and yarn performance. The results of this study would therefore help to reduce the production cost of yarns with the blending parameters used and also expand the utilization and applications beyond medical applications to fashion-based functional wear. The sliver-blending method offers better tensile properties of yarn samples, while the fiber-blending method offers higher uniformity of fiber distribution. This study would help to reduce the production cost of yarns by blending and also to expand the utilization and application not limited to fashion-based functional wear.
Single step assembly of biomolecule-loaded sub-micron polysulfone fibers
Authors: Ghorani B , Russell S J , Hebden A J , Goswami P
Published: June 2016

Enrichment of chemically resistant hydrophobic polymers with polar biomolecules is relevant to the production of fiber-based drug delivery devices and adsorptive filtration media, as well as fibers for selective molecular recognition of antibodies, enzymes and nucleic acids. Polysulfone (PSU) is an amorphous polymer possessing high-strength, rigidity and excellent thermal stability. The preparation of PSU spinning solutions requires lengthy dissolution times at elevated temperature that tends to degrade commixed polar biomolecules. Using the highly polar metabolite creatinine, as a model system, a variety of co-solvents was evaluated for electrospinning commixed solutions of PSU and creatinine at room temperature. The selection of solvent systems was informed by Hansen solubility parameters. A binary system of N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc):methanol (4:1) was not found to be a suitable solvent because of the need for elevated temperature (80℃) to facilitate dissolution, and a binary solvent system of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF):dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (3:2) resulted in nozzle blockage during spinning. A binary system of DMAc:DMSO (13:7) enabled preparation of PSU with creatinine at ambient temperature, and sub-micron fibers substantially free of beads were produced continuously via electrospinning, yielding fiber diameters in the range 470–870 nm. The presence of creatinine was confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and fiber morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Relational Experiences in School-Based Mentoring
Authors: Kanchewa Stella S. , Yoviene Laura A. , Schwartz Sarah E. O. , Herrera Carla , Rhodes Jean E.
Published: June 2016

In this study, we examined associations between mentoring relationship quality, rejection sensitivity, and youth outcomes. Participants ( N = 446) were part of a national, random assignment evaluation of Big Brothers Big Sisters of America school-based mentoring programs. Youth in more trusting mentoring relationships demonstrated reductions in teacher-reported behavioral evidence of rejection sensitivity. These reductions, in turn, were positively associated with youth’s assertiveness with peers and prosocial behavior. Percentile bootstrap confidence intervals testing indirect effects demonstrated that rejection sensitivity mediated the association between mentoring relationship trust and teacher-reported assertiveness and prosocial behavior. Implications of the findings for theory and practice are discussed.
‘Crimea is ours’: A discursive history
Authors: Hopf Ted
Published: June 2016

Russia could have annexed Crimea anytime in the last 25 years. The fact that it did so only in March 2014 is a puzzle. I argue that the predominant discourse of Russian national identity by 2014 made the annexation of Crimea and military intervention in eastern Ukraine both thinkable and natural to Moscow. A history of the discursive terrain of Russia from 1992 to 2014 shows how Russia’s national identity has evolved over the years, both in response to Western inactions or actions and domestic developments. But Russian identity is not a sufficient explanation for Russian behavior in Ukraine. For that, we must pay attention to the event itself: Western support for the Maidan protestors, Western failure to adhere to the February 2014 agreements reached with Moscow on a transitional government in Ukraine with Yanukovych at its head and new elections in November, the presence of disgruntled Russians in Ukraine, and perhaps most important, over a decade of US unilateralism in foreign affairs.
Mead and the Trajectory of Anthropology in the United States
Authors: Jarvie Ian
Published: June 2016

Peter Mandler’s Return from the Natives examines Margaret Mead mid-career when she devoted much energy to promoting anthropology and anthropologists to government and industry and positioned herself as a prominent social commentator. By the time she returned to the field after an interlude of 14 years, something had happened to her professionally: she was treated as a bit of an embarrassment, no longer a scientific heavyweight, and much of this stems from the rather hare-brained “culture cracking” she engaged in during the war. So while honors and kudos enhanced her official image, behind the scenes, she complained of being neglected and shunted aside. Her discipline became radicalized, and her balanced and accommodating approach was rejected.
Judged by the Company You Keep? Exposure to Nonprejudiced Norms Reduces Concerns About Being Misidentified as Gay/Lesbian
Authors: Cascio Jessica L. , Plant E. Ashby
Published: June 2016

Social contagion concerns, heterosexuals’ fears about being misidentified as gay/lesbian, can lead to avoidant and hostile responses toward gay men/lesbians. We argue that apprehension about becoming the target of prejudice if misidentified as gay/lesbian contributes to contagion concerns. We hypothesized that exposing heterosexuals to others’ nonprejudiced attitudes would reduce their contagion concerns. Consistent with these predictions, perceptions of peer prejudice statistically predicted contagion concerns, over and above personal prejudice (Study 1). In addition, participants exposed to a nonprejudiced versus a high-prejudiced norm (or control condition) expressed lower contagion concerns and less anxious/avoidant responses toward gay men/lesbians (Studies 2 and 4). Finally, exposure to fellow students’ nonprejudiced views resulted in lower contagion concerns than a control group (Study 3) due to decreased concerns about becoming the target of prejudice if misidentified as gay/lesbian (Study 4). These results provide evidence that changing perceptions of others’ prejudice can reduce contagion concerns.
Binding Moral Foundations and the Narrowing of Ideological Conflict to the Traditional Morality Domain
Authors: Malka Ariel , Osborne Danny , Soto Christopher J. , Greaves Lara M. , Sibley Chris G. , Lelkes Yphtach
Published: June 2016

Moral foundations theory (MFT) posits that binding moral foundations (purity, authority, and ingroup loyalty) are rooted in the need for groups to promote order and cohesion, and that they therefore underlie political conservatism. We present evidence that binding foundations (and the related construct of disgust sensitivity) are associated with lower levels of ideological polarization on political issues outside the domain of moral traditionalism. Consistent support for this hypothesis was obtained from three large American Internet-based samples and one large national sample of New Zealanders (combined N = 7,874). We suggest that when political issues do not have inherent relevance to moral traditionalism, binding foundations promote a small centrist shift away from ideologically prescribed positions, and that they do so out of desire for national uniformity and cohesion.
Integrating participatory institutions into the traditional representative and bureaucratic model of public governance
Authors: Bandeira Pablo , Ferraro Agustín
Published: June 2016

Does more citizen participation necessarily improve the democratic quality and/or the effectiveness of government? What forms of participation have the potential to accomplish these goals? And, more important, how can these participatory mechanisms be integrated into traditional representative and bureaucratic governance practices, in order to grasp this potential? We discuss these questions in the article, building on theories and empirical evidence provided by both political science and public administration studies. The conclusion we reach is that participatory empowered mechanisms, such as popular initiatives and referendums, and public–private co-governance councils, have a clear potential to enhance the effectiveness and responsiveness of public governance. However, we also find that in order to secure these benefits and not compromise equality and accountability, the introduction of these mechanisms needs to come together with strong and highly representative legislatures, and with reforms that align the powers and increase the representativeness of interest groups.
Gender, Media, and Mixed Martial Arts in Poland
Authors: Jakubowska Honorata , Channon Alex , Matthews Christopher R.
Published: June 2016

Recent growth in the media visibility of female combat sport athletes has offered a compelling site for research on gender and sport media, as women in deeply masculinized sports have been increasingly placed in the public spotlight. Although scholars in the Anglophone West have offered analyses of the media framing of this phenomenon, little work has been done outside these cultural contexts. Thus, in this article, we offer a qualitative exploration of how Joanna Jędrzejczyk, a Polish champion of the Ultimate Fighting Championship, has been represented in Polish media. Our findings reveal a relatively de-gendered, widely celebratory account, primarily framed by nationalistic discourse—findings we ascribe to both the particularities of the sport of mixed martial arts as well as the historic nature of Jędrzejczyk’s success.
Resourcefulness Training for Dementia Caregivers
Authors: Zauszniewski Jaclene A. , Lekhak Nirmala , Burant Christopher J. , Underwood Patricia W. , Morris Diana L.
Published: June 2016

Providing care for an elder with dementia can produce extreme stress that adversely affects caregiver health. Learning to be resourceful, which involves practicing resourcefulness skills using a journal or voice recorder, may reduce caregiver stress. However, before testing the effectiveness of journaling and voice recording as resourcefulness training (RT) practice methods, intervention fidelity should first be established. This pilot trial with 63 women dementia caregivers examined the fidelity of journaling and voice recording and whether allowing a choice between the methods affected RT intervention fidelity. Following RT, Resourcefulness Scale scores were similar for journal and recorder methods but higher for caregivers in the choice versus random condition. Patterns of RT skill use documented in journals or recordings were similar for choice and random conditions and for journal and recorder methods. The results support the implementation fidelity of RT that allows caregivers to choose a method to reinforce their resourcefulness skills.
The European Union and its neighboring countries: The economic geography of trade, Foreign Direct Investment and development
Authors: Crescenzi Riccardo , Petrakos George
Published: June 2016

This Editorial looks at the process of political and economic integration between the European Union and the European Neighborhood Policy countries with a special focus on the processes linked to trade flows, Foreign Direct Investment and their spatial impacts. This Editorial highlights the key ‘unanswered’ questions in the existing literature and explores outstanding conceptual and empirical challenges, discussing how the various papers included in the Theme Issue can provide systematic coherent answers to a number of these research questions. The Editorial includes a synopsis of the key findings of the papers and highlights their connections and linkages. It concludes with open questions for further research and a potential agenda for future conceptual and empirical analyses in this area.
Neighborhood sustainability in urban renewal: An assessment framework
Authors: Zheng Helen W , Shen Geoffrey QP , Song Yan , Sun Bingxia , Hong Jingke
Published: June 2016

Urban renewal provides valuable opportunities for sustainable development. Sustainability assessment is considered a useful tool in ensuring sustainable development in practice. Although a number of studies have been conducted to evaluate the potential of urban renewal, studies on sustainability assessment in urban renewal at a neighborhood scale are often ignored. However, urban renewal is normally accompanied by many social, economic, and environmental conflicts among various stakeholders. The present paper proposes a framework for assessing neighborhood sustainability to support urban renewal decision making in high-density cities such as Hong Kong. This framework includes two components: (1) sustainability and building condition and (2) a decision-making matrix for urban renewal strategies. A case study was conducted to illustrate how this framework can be applied in the decision-making process of urban renewal projects. The results are expected to provide references for urban renewal decision making in high-density cities.
Peer Victimization and Related Mental Health Problems in Early Adolescence: The Mediating Role of Parental and Peer Support
Authors: Rasalingam Anurajee , Clench-Aas Jocelyne , Raanaas Ruth Kjærsti
Published: June 2016

Peer victimization is a widespread phenomenon especially prevalent in early adolescence. This study investigates the prevalence of peer victimization and its association with mental health problems and impact on everyday life, and the possible mediating effect of parental and peer support. Data are based on a cross-sectional health survey ( N = 9,707) among adolescents (10-13 years) and their parents ( N = 8,210). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used to measure mental health problems, as well as impact on everyday life. Approximately, 17.6% of boys and 15.3% of girls reported being peer victimized. Both genders had higher symptoms of emotional problems, conduct problems, and hyperactivity than non-peer victimized adolescents. Boys had higher symptoms of emotional problems than girls. All symptom scales were strongly associated with perceived impact on everyday life. Peer and parental support buffer mental health problems among the victimized. Study indicates the importance of interventions strengthening peer support among victimized early adolescents.