bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new look at the finance–environment nexus: How yield spread affects environmental quality in the United States
Authors: Bulut Umit , Apergis Nicholas , Isik Cem , Ongan Serdar
Published: October 2024

Enhancing environmental quality is currently a key focus for policymakers. Furthermore, researchers are also prioritizing the investigation of novel variables that can influence environmental quality. The yield spread is commonly used as a leading indicator for business cycles in the macro‐finance literature, providing information about future expectations regarding business cycles. The yield spread also presents information about the borrowing costs of firms. None of the existing studies in the environmental economics literature has tested the impact of the yield spread on environmental quality, implying the level of the yield spread has not been considered a variable that can influence environmental quality. This study aims to fill this gap by providing evidence on the effect of yield spread (between 2‐ and 10‐year government bonds) on environmental quality in the United States from June 1976 to September 2023. The results indicate that an increase in the yield spread leads to a rise in environmental destruction. These results suggest two considerable consequences. First, optimistic expectations today lead to the overuse of resources and environmental destruction. Second, firms' higher borrowing costs may be forcing them to use less environmentally friendly production methods to offset more expensive financing costs and increase their profits. This study asserts that companies should enhance their environmental sensitivity, and policymakers should adopt a more proactive stance, based on the results of this study and other research that demonstrates the detrimental impacts of environmental regulation violations and poor environmental performances on companies' stock prices and financial performances.
Leukocyte immunoglobulin‐like receptor B4: A keystone in immune modulation and therapeutic target in cancer and beyond
Authors: Liu Qi , Liu Yuyang , Yang Zhanyu
Published: October 2024

Leukocyte immunoglobulin‐like receptor B4 (LILRB4) significantly impacts immune regulation and the pathogenesis and progression of various cancers. This review discusses LILRB4's structural attributes, expression patterns in immune cells, and molecular mechanisms in modulating immune responses. We describe the influence of LILRB4 on T cells, dendritic cells, NK cells, and macrophages, and its dual role in stimulating and suppressing immune activities. The review discusses the current research on LILRB4's involvement in acute myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and solid tumors, such as colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, non‐small cell lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and extramedullary multiple myeloma. The review also describes LILRB4's role in autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases, and other conditions. We evaluate the recent advancements in targeting LILRB4 using monoclonal antibodies and peptide inhibitors and their therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. Together, these studies underscore the need for further research on LILRB4's interactions in the tumor microenvironment and highlight its importance as a therapeutic target in oncology and for future clinical innovations.
Advancements in hydrogel‐based embolic agents: Categorized by therapeutic mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Shenbo , Lv Rui , Zhang Zhe , Wang Zhiwei , Jin Zhengyu
Published: October 2024

Background

Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is a crucial technique in interventional radiology. Hydrogel‐based embolic agents show promise due to their phase transition and drug‐loading capabilities. However, existing categorizations of these agents are confusing.

Aims

This review tackles the challenge of categorizing hydrogel‐based embolic agents based on their therapeutic mechanisms, including transportation, accumulation, interaction, and elimination. It also addresses current challenges and controversies in the field while highlighting future directions for hydrogel‐based embolicagents.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a systematic review of papers published in PUBMED from 2004 to 2024, focusing primarily on preclinical trials.

Results

Various kinds of hydrogel embolic agents were introduced according to their therapeutic mechanisms.

Discussion

Most hydrogel embolic agents were specifically designed for effective accumulation and interaction. Recent advancement highlight the potential of multifunctional hydrogel embolic agents.

Conclusion

This new categorizations provided valuable insights into hydrogel embolic agents, potentially guiding material scientists and interventional radiologists in the development of novel hydrogel embolic agents in transarterial embolization.
A Novel Urine DNA Predictor for Noninvasive Early Diagnosis and Monitoring Minimal Residual Disease of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Zuo Wei , Guo Xuanjun , Zhang Jilong , Yu Wei , Zhang Yanrui , Cheng Huanqing , Tang Qi , Li Xuesong , He Zhisong , Zhou Liqun
Published: October 2024

Background

For early detection and postoperative monitoring of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), the traditional detection method was limited to its invasiveness and insufficient sensitivity. We aim to use urine tumour DNA (utDNA) for detecting minimal residual disease (MRD), early diagnosis and perioperative monitoring in UTUC.

Method

We previously established a utDNA multidimensional bioinformatic valuation model, named utLIFE, using low‐coverage whole‐genome sequencing and targeted deep sequencing. This prospective cohort enrolled 93 patients diagnosed with UTUC without metastasis. We collected morning urine samples on the day of surgery and the discharge day after the operation for utLIFE testing. In addition, we also enrolled 80 healthy controls to further validate the specificity of the utLIFE model in the study.

Results

The utLIFE of preoperative samples could discriminate UTUC with high specificity (96.25%, 77/80), and high sensitivity (96.77%, 90/93) regardless of stage and grade. The sensitivity of utLIFE was significantly higher than urine cytology (p < 0.001) and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) (p < 0.001) (N = 19), especially in early‐stage and low‐grade UTUC. Postoperative utLIFE scores were significantly decreased compared with those of preoperative samples (79 vs. 36, p < 0.001), indicating its association with tumour burden. For special pathology types, utLIFE performed less well in sensitivity and perioperative alteration.

Conclusion

In conclusion, we established a bioinformatic utDNA valuation model, utLIFE, which was validated to be a rapid and noninvasive approach with high sensitivity for early detection and MRD monitoring for UTUC.
Synthesis and Molecular Docking of Curcumin‐Derived Pyrazole‐Thiazole Hybrids as Potent α‐Glucosidase Inhibitors
Authors: Al‐Humaidi Jehan Y. , Albedair Lamia A. , Maliwal Deepika , Zaki Magdi E. A. , Al‐Hussain Sami A. , Pissurlenkar Raghuvir , Mukhrish Yousef E. , Abolibda Tariq Z. , Gomha Sobhi M.
Published: October 2024

α‐Glucosidase inhibitors are critical for diabetes management, with pyrazoles and thiazoles emerging as effective options. This research highlights curcumin‐based pyrazole‐thiazole hybrids as potential inhibitors, synthesizing derivatives and evaluating their inhibitory capabilities. The study involved the synthesis of novel compounds using hydrazonoyl halides, confirmed through elemental and spectral analyses. The synthesized derivatives exhibited significant α‐glucosidase inhibition, with IC50 values ranging from 3.37±0.25 to 16.35±0.37 μM. Among them, compound 7e demonstrated the strongest inhibition at 3.37±0.25 μM, outperforming the standard drug acarbose (IC50=5.36±0.31 μM). In silico assessments and molecular docking using AutoDock Vina revealed strong interactions, particularly with compounds 7b, 7e, 7f, and 7g, indicating their potential as stable and effective inhibitors. The results suggest that the synthesized pyrazole‐thiazole hybrids hold promise as novel therapeutic agents for diabetes, warranting further exploration of their substituent effects for optimized inhibitor design.
Prediction of Transport and Deposition of Porous Particles in the Respiratory System Using Eulerian–Lagrangian Approach
Authors: Eshaghi Sajad , Khaleghi Hassan , Maddahian Reza
Published: October 2024

Deep lung delivery is crucial for respiratory disease treatment. Although nano and submicron particles exhibited a good deposition efficiency in deep regions of the lung, powder nonuniformity and particle agglomeration reduce their efficiency. Inhalation of porous particles (PPs) can overcome the mentioned challenges due to their larger size and low‐density. The present study numerically investigates the deposition and penetration efficiency of orally inhaled PPs. A revised drag coefficient was implemented for PP transport. A realistic mouth–throat to the fifth generation of the lung was reconstructed from CT‐scan images. A dilute suspension of uniformly distributed particles was considered at three inhalation flow rates (15, 30, and 45 L/min). Governing equations of the flow field and particle transport are solved using an Eulerian–Lagrangian approach. The results demonstrate that inhaling PPs significantly reduces the total and regional deposition of particles. There was also a critical porosity value under moderate and high inhalation flow rates for large PPs. Below this critical value, PP deposition efficiency substantially decreases. Additionally, it was also found that under low inhalation flow rates, the impact of porosity value is negligible. Almost 95% of the PPs penetrate the lower branches. These findings provide particle engineers and pharmaceutics with profound insight into developing novel inhalation techniques and drug delivery methods for deep lung delivery.
A Case of Epithelioid Angiosarcoma Diagnosed From Gross Examination of a Pulmonary Tumor Utilizing Imprint Cytology and Immunocytochemistry
Authors: Mori Tatsuya , Mizuguchi Keishi , Shimaguchi Chie , Sakano Kaori , Shimoda Tsubasa , Okawa Urara , Okuda Miyu , Usui Mayo , Ikeda Hiroko
Published: October 2024

Background

Angiosarcoma, a very rare malignant tumor constituting 2%–4% of soft tissue sarcomas, manifest in diverse organs including skin, soft tissues, and bones. Histologically, angiosarcoma presents a wide range of morphologies, with epithelioid angiosarcoma (EAS) resemblance to carcinoma. The difficulty arises from the shared epithelial‐like morphology and expression of epithelial markers in immunohistochemistry.

Case

This study reports a case where EAS diagnosis was achieved through a combination of gross findings in a lung resection sample, imprint cytology, and immunocytochemistry. Imprint cytology revealed clusters of epithelioid cells, while immunocytochemistry showed positive results for CD31, ERG, Fli‐1, and AE1/AE3, proving instrumental in diagnosing EAS. The described immunocytochemical protocol facilitates prompt diagnosis exclusively through cytology samples.

Conclusion

This report emphasizes the potential for diagnosing EAS using cytological specimens, which is especially useful in cases where obtaining tissue samples proves challenging.
A Pericyclic Reaction in the Gas Phase Identified by Rotational Spectroscopy: Reaction of a Thiocarboxylic Acid with Sulfur Trioxide
Authors: Reynolds Aaron J. , Koziol Kenneth J. , Leopold Kenneth R.
Published: October 2024

The reaction of sulfur trioxide (SO3) and thiobenzoic acid (C6H5COSH) is investigated in the gas phase under supersonic jet conditions. Rotational spectroscopy of the parent and several isotopically substituted derivatives, in conjunction with DFT calculations at the M06‐2X/6‐311++G(3df,3pd) level of theory, identify the product as thiobenzoic sulfuric anhydride, C6H5C(=S)OSO2OH. Single point CCSD(T)/CBS(D−T)//M06‐2X/6‐311++G(3df,3pd) calculations place the electronic energy of the product anhydride 114 kJ/mol lower than that of SO3+C6H5COSH at infinite separation. The calculations further indicate that the reaction proceeds through a cyclic transition state which lies 11.3 kJ/mol higher in energy than a C6H5COSH⋅SO3 complex, but 83.3 kJ/mol lower in energy than that of the separated reactants. The reaction is rapid under the experimental conditions of this study: based on the duration of the collisional phase of the supersonic expansion, it is clear that the product is formed within tens of microseconds after mixing. While the analogous reaction of carboxylic acids with SO3 has been demonstrated, the ability of a thiocarboxylic acid to undergo similar chemistry has not previously been established. Although rotational spectroscopy is best known for its precise interrogation of molecular and electronic structure, this work demonstrates its ability to study chemical transformations as well.
Values‐based barriers and good practices in sustainability‐oriented innovation management
Authors: Ivanov Kiril
Published: October 2024

Despite growing awareness of and interest in the role values play in innovation, a systematic overview and classification of recurrent barriers to the integration of stakeholder values in innovation activities are still lacking. A comprehensive overview of good practices to facilitate the management of values for sustainability‐oriented innovation (SOI) is also missing. Due to conceptual confusion, different value frameworks and unsystematic evidence about effective practices, it is still difficult to manage values for SOI. The present study aims to bridge these gaps by gathering evidence from a comprehensive literature review and from expert interviews with 17 innovation specialists. It identifies 21 barriers and 28 good practices and classifies them according to the integrative, generative and directive functions of values. A conceptual model is proposed to explain how managing stakeholder values across the different dimensions of responsible innovation practice can facilitate SOI.
A Fair MAC Protocol Based on Dual Bandwidth Allocation Iterations in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks
Authors: Feng Libin , Liu Jingke , Chen Yanxia , Yao Jiangyuan
Published: October 2024

Most existing passive allocation‐based media access control (MAC) protocols for underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) overlook the fairness issue in channel bandwidth allocation, resulting in certain nodes occupying channel resources for extended periods, thereby leading to low channel utilization. To address this issue, this paper proposes a fair MAC protocol based on dual bandwidth allocation iterations (FBA‐MAC). Firstly, by limiting the maximum number of packets and the maximum number of available time slots that the host node can receive in each communication cycle, the protocol reduces collisions and collisions more effectively, thus controlling the communication delay. Secondly, in the process of channel bandwidth allocation, a dual bandwidth allocation iterative method was used to allocate appropriate channel bandwidth for each member node according to its communication requirements and the generation time of its generated data packets. Finally, in order to minimize the time interval of each packet arriving at the host node to reduce the communication delay, the transmission scheduling scheme was adaptively adjusted by combining the results of channel bandwidth allocation to maximize the channel utilization. Simulation results indicate that compared to the other four MAC protocols, FBA‐MAC demonstrates significant advantages in terms of fairness (10% higher), achieving higher network throughput (10% higher) and shorter end‐to‐end delay. Therefore, FBA‐MAC exhibits superior adaptability and efficiency in dynamic network environments.
Pearl‐Inspired Colored Carbon Fibers with Electromagnetic Interference and Optical Camouflage Properties
Authors: He Annan , Luo Yuxin , Wang Mengqi , Zhang Yu , Huang Zhiyu , Qin Yong , Li Qing , Zhao Shichao , Chen Fengxiang , Xu Weilin
Published: October 2024

Carbon fibers (CFs) are widely used in cutting‐edge and civilian fields due to their excellent comprehensive properties such as high strength and high modulus, superior corrosion and friction resistances, excellent thermal stability, light weight, and high electrical conductivity. However, their natural ultra‐black appearance is difficult to meet the aesthetic needs of today's civilian sector and the need for optical stealth in the military field. In addition, conventional coloring methods are difficult to effectively adhere to CF surfaces due to high crystallinity and highly inert surface caused by their graphite‐like structure. In this work, inspired by the nacre structural color of pearls, colored CFs with 1D photonic crystal structure are prepared by cyclically depositing amorphous (Al2O3 + TiO2) layers on the surface of carbon CFs through atomic layer deposition (ALD). The obtained CFs exhibit brilliant colors and excellent environmental durability in extreme environments. Moreover, the colored CFs also exhibit high EMI shielding effectiveness (45 dB) and optical stealth properties, which can be used in emerging optical devices and electromagnetic and optical stealth equipment.
Bracing urban governance against climate crises: How to integrate high reliability into strategic decision‐making?
Authors: Vihma Peeter , Hukkinen Janne I.
Published: October 2024

Turning cities socio‐ecologically resilient is one of the pressing challenges in the face of ongoing climate change and accompanying extreme weather events. Despite concentrated efforts within specific urban domains, there exists a necessity for a coordinating mechanism that can concurrently monitor signals of slowly maturing long‐term crises, such as global warming and swiftly intervene to mitigate urgent threats, such as catastrophic floods. This article explores the potential of high reliability principles to inform such a governance mechanism through a novel policy operations room (POR) framework, conceptualizing urban strategic goals as critical infrastructure. We analyze the conditions for integrating elements from top‐down crisis management with bottom‐up participatory scenario exercises and policy simulations in urban governance. Based on pre‐ and post‐POR interviews and meeting transcripts in three Finnish cities we examine the regulative, normative, and cognitive aspects of integration. The analysis indicates that the implementation of a high reliability framework in urban settings can provide valuable support for addressing challenges induced by climate change.
Is AI making faculty's jobs worse?
Authors: Arnett Autumn A.
Published: October 2024

Rua Mae Williams, an assistant professor in the User Experience Design program at Purdue University, recently shared on X (the network formerly known as Twitter) the ways implicit bias about who and what intelligence looks and sounds like inspires greater use of artificial intelligence platforms, such as ChatGPT, among students who don’t feel they measure up.
Efficiency Enhancement in the Liquefied Natural Gas Storage Scheme: Exploring Thermal Performance for Enhanced Energy Storage Solutions
Authors: Salman Muntadher Nahi , Ranjbar Seyyed Faramarz , Jafari Moharram , Talati Faramarz
Published: October 2024

The ongoing transition in the energy sector demands more efficient and reliable energy storage solutions. Our study addresses this need by optimizing the industrial process of liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage, focusing on enhancing thermal performance and energy efficiency. Leveraging a standard LNG storage design, we meticulously evaluated critical supporting variables, modeled key components, and conducted integrated cycle simulations. The primary goal was to minimize the volume of stored gas (achieving a reduction to approximately 1/600th of its gaseous state) while maintaining optimal storage conditions. Our methodology prioritizes insulation over pressure‐bearing factors in large‐scale tanks, aligning with the unique thermal challenges of LNG storage. Simulations were based on methane, which constitutes over 86% of the natural gas in the Middle East, ensuring relevance to the region's resources. The results are promising, with a compression stage reaching a maximum pressure of 2.377, an energy efficiency ratio of 60.71%, and a performance coefficient of 3.188. These findings offer a significant step forward in developing more effective and efficient LNG storage systems, contributing to the broader goal of sustainable energy management.
Optimizing Hybrid Active–Passive Thermal Management of Prismatic Li‐Ion Batteries Using Phase Change Materials and Porous‐Filled Mini‐Channels
Authors: Venkatesh R. J. , Bhemuni Vara Prasad , Chinnam Dilip Shyam Prakash , Mohan Gift M. D.
Published: October 2024

Tackling climate change is crucial, and electrifying the vehicular transportation sector is essential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Lithium‐ion (Li‐ion) batteries are highly efficient for electric vehicles (EVs) but face challenges such as thermal management, risk of thermal runaway, and high costs of lithium and cobalt. Overcoming these challenges is vital for the widespread adoption of hybrid and EVs. To overcome this drawback, this article proposed a large‐kernel attention graph convolutional network (LKAGCN) with leaf in wind optimization algorithm (LWOA) named as LKAGCN‐LWOA technique, which enhances the thermal management of prismatic Li‐ion batteries by integrating both active and passive cooling techniques. The system incorporates phase change materials (PCMs) with porous‐filled mini‐channels to regulate battery temperature effectively. The LKAGCN analyze thermal properties, battery conditions, and PCM characteristics to predict and optimize the thermal behavior of the battery pack using LWOA. The proposed methods tune the parameters of the hybrid thermal management system, ensuring efficient thermal regulation and improved performance. The proposed method is compared to various existing methods such as convolutional neural network (CNN), Taguchi method, and Finite element model (FEM).
Electronic Structure Simulations of the Platinum/Support/Ionomer Interface in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Gui Xin , Auer Alexander A.
Published: October 2024

In this work, we present electronic structure calculations to quantify and rationalize the interactions between catalyst, support, ionomer, and active molecular species in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Quantifying interaction energies and their scaling with size allows us to rationalize and compare the fundamental driving forces behind structure formation and material properties. Our basic approach involves simplifying the most important interactions between different components using smaller model systems, such as limited‐size platinum nanoparticles, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (graphene flakes), and fragments of various functional units of the Nafion ionomer while applying unbiased first‐principles (density functional theory) simulation methods. To guide this quantification, we propose an analysis based on the linear dependence of interaction energy on the number of interacting atom pairs in the interface. This enables us to compare and categorize interactions between catalyst, ionomer, and support with interactions like catalyst–reactant and catalyst–catalyst poison.
Characteristics of and Risk Factors for Depressive Symptoms Preceding Dementia: A Study of 82‐Year‐Old Men From the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men
Authors: Kallström Angelica , Giedraitis Vilmantas , Franzon Kristin , Löwenmark Malin , Kilander Lena , Boström Gustaf
Published: October 2024

Background

Depression and dementia are known to be associated. The identification of characteristics distinguishing depression prodromal to dementia from other depressive symptoms would be of value for early identification of dementia. The study of risk factors for depressive symptoms prodromal to dementia could improve preventive care and provide clues to the causes of dementia.

Method

Dementia‐free 82‐year‐old participants were stratified into groups that did (n = 126) and did not (n = 378) subsequently develop dementia. Examinations took place from 2003 to 2005 and follow‐up ended 1 January 2015. Their baseline characteristics and depressive symptoms, measured using the 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐15), were compared. Multivariate regression analyses were performed for the two groups separately, with the total GDS‐15 score as the dependent variable.

Results

The groups did not differ significantly in answers to any of the GDS‐15 questions, or mean ± SD score, which was 2.4 ± 2.5 among those who developed dementia and 2.1 ± 2.3 among those who did not. (p = 0.33). Stroke before the age of 82 years and the inability to use stairs had significant impacts on the GDS‐15 scores in both groups. For those who did not develop dementia, age, dependence in activities of daily living, and cancer also had significant impacts. Cancer had opposite associations with depressive symptoms in the two groups.

Conclusions

No difference was found in depressive symptoms preceding and not preceding dementia using the GDS‐15. The results suggest that risk factors for depressive symptoms may differ depending on whether they precede dementia.
Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging: Assessment of perfusion at pancreatic resection margin during pancreatoduodenectomy: A cross sectional study
Authors: Ghimire Roshan , Limbu Yugal , Regmee Sujan , Maharjan Dhiresh Kumar , Mishra Aakash , Pahari Rabin , Thapa Prabin Bikram
Published: October 2024

Background

Clinically relevant‐postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR‐POPF) is one of the dreaded complications of pancreatoduodenectomy. Vascularity of the stump of the pancreas during pancreatico‐enteric anastomosis is considered one of the major determinants of POPF. Indocyanine green (ICG) is one of the modality for vascular assessment; hence, we aimed to evaluate the role of ICG fluorescence imaging to assess the vascularity of the pancreatic stump during pancreatoduodenectomy.

Methodology

The study was conducted at Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal, during the period of 1 year (June 01, 2022–July 31, 2023). All of the patients who were undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy were included in the study. In all cases, intraoperatively, ICG fluorescence detection at the pancreatic stump margin was evaluated using near‐infrared light.

Results

A total of 28 patients underwent PD during this period. The ICG fluorescence imaging was positive at the pancreatic stump margin in 25 out of the 28 patients (89%), and in three cases, the florescence was negative. In patients who had negative fluorescence, revision of the stump margin was performed. Clinically relevant POPF was noted in 2 out of 28 cases, which had a soft pancreas with a small duct, although the pancreatic stump margin had good ICG florescence per‐operatively.

Conclusion

ICG is inexpensive and a safe dye to use in clinical practice. We can objectively assess the pancreatic stump vascularity using intraoperative ICG fluorescence imaging, thereby potentially decreasing postoperative pancreatic fistula.
Non‐Stationary Flash Drought Analysis and Its Teleconnection With Low‐Frequency Climatic Oscillations
Authors: Priya Krishna , Reddy V. M. , Ray Litan Kumar , Das Jew
Published: October 2024

Flash droughts, characterised by their rapid onset and significant impacts on local communities and agriculture, pose challenges for monitoring and mitigation efforts due to their unpredictable nature. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the occurrence, characteristics and influencing factors of flash droughts in the Ganga River Basin (GRB) for the period 1981–2020. Flash droughts are identified using the pentad averaged root zone soil moisture (PRZSM). The Mann‐Kendall trend test is used to determine the spatial and temporal pattern of flash drought characteristics. Furthermore, a multivariate flash drought index (MFDI) is developed to account for the combined effects of flash drought characteristics. Finally, wavelet coherence analysis evaluates the relationship between climatic oscillations and MFDI at the sub‐basin scale. Utilising a revised flash drought identification approach incorporating non‐stationary cumulative distribution functions (CDFs), the study identifies flash droughts in the GRB, particularly emphasising higher occurrences in the Chambal and Upper Yamuna Sub‐basins. Analysis of flash drought characteristics under stationary and non‐stationary conditions reveals increased frequency, severity and decline rates, highlighting the impact of evaporation and latent heat flux. Furthermore, the Upper Ganga Sub‐basin demonstrates coherence with the DMI at shorter time scales (1 to 4‐year time scales), while the Lower Ganga Sub‐basin displays a pronounced association with the NINO3.4 index (5.65‐year time scale), indicating the impact of climate oscillations on flash drought dynamics in these regions. These findings provide valuable insights for drought monitoring, prediction and management strategies in a changing climate, emphasising the need for integrated approaches to address the complex interplay between climate variability and flash drought occurrences in the GRB.
Connectedness Structure and Volatility Dynamics Between BRICS Markets and International Volatility Indices: An Investigation
Authors: Gökgöz Halilibrahim , Ben Salem Salha , Bejaoui Azza , Jeribi Ahmed
Published: October 2024

This research aims to explore and understand the dynamic nature of volatility connectedness between BRICS stock markets and various asset price implied volatility indices through a TVP‐VAR broadened connectedness approach. Results display nontrivial dynamic connectedness in the BRICS stock markets and uncertainties in different markets during the period 31 March 2019–31 August 2023. They also report heterogeneous patterns in the connectedness between stock indices and volatility indices. The time‐varying spillover effect seems to be strong during the black‐swan events. The variations of volatility connectedness among each volatility index and stock market increasingly depend on unusual stress caused by the outbreak of unexpected events. These finding provide significant guidance for investors seeking to enhance their risk management practices. By leveraging the insights into volatility transmission mechanisms and the roles of different volatility indices, investors can make informed decisions to protect and grow their investments in an increasingly volatile global market.
Impact of gestational age on the management of acute appendicitis during pregnancy: A nationwide observational study
Authors: Sugai Shunya , Sasabuchi Yusuke , Yasunaga Hideo , Aso Shotaro , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yoshihara Kosuke , Nishijima Koji
Published: October 2024

Objective

To compare conservative management and appendectomy for acute appendicitis during pregnancy by trimester.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study used data from a national inpatient database from July 2010 to March 2022. Pregnant women diagnosed with acute appendicitis were included. Multivariable analysis using generalized estimating equations was performed to compare outcomes between conservative management and appendectomy across trimesters. The main outcomes were preterm labor, preterm delivery, or abortion; antepartum hemorrhage; duration of hospitalization; and duration of antibiotic use.

Results

A total of 3158 individuals from 632 acute‐care hospitals were eligible. The proportion of conservative management versus appendectomy by trimester were 507 (49.1%) versus 525 (50.9%) in the first, 690 (44.6%) versus 856 (55.4%) in the second, and 337 (58.1%) versus 243 (41.9%) in the third. In the second trimester, appendectomy was associated with a higher rate of preterm delivery, preterm labor, or abortion (odds ratio [OR], 2.91 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.62–5.25]). Antepartum hemorrhage occurred more frequently for appendectomy in the first (OR, 2.12 [95% CI, 1.31–3.43]) and third (OR, 2.43 [95% CI, 1.79–3.31]) trimesters. Appendectomy was associated with a longer duration of hospitalization in the second (2.15 days; 95% CI, 1.14–3.17 days) and third (3.97 days; 95% CI, 2.22–5.71 days) trimesters. Antibiotic use duration was shorter for appendectomy in the first (−1.20 days [95% CI −1.51 to −0.90 days]) and second (−0.61 days [95% CI −0.90 to −0.32 days]) trimesters.

Conclusions

Clinical outcomes of acute appendicitis during pregnancy vary by trimester. Considering the appendectomy risks, conservative management may be viable depending on the clinical context and trimester.
Diagnostic Test Accuracy of Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound With Sonazoid for Assessment of Focal Liver Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Tang Yongqing , Sasaki Shun‐ichi , Hawley Joshua , Peillon Aurélie , Sjöström Anders , Fuentes‐Alburo Adolfo , Tranquart Francois
Published: October 2024

This meta‐analysis examined the diagnostic accuracy of Sonazoid‐enhanced ultrasonography (SZ‐CEUS) in discriminating malignant from benign focal liver lesions (FLLs) and HCC from non‐HCC FLLs. Finding relevant studies required a rigorous PubMed, EMBASE, and other database search. To distinguish malignant from benign FLLs, SZ‐CEUS had a pooled sensitivity of 94% (95% CI: 0.91–0.95) and specificity of 84% (95%: 0.78–0.89). HCC distinction had 83% sensitivity and 96% specificity (95% CI: 0.80–0.85 and 0.95–0.97). SZ‐CEUS accurately distinguishes malignant from benign FLLs and HCC from non‐HCC lesions, especially smaller HCC lesions.
A qualitative study on the field experience of genetic counseling in Korea
Authors: Choi In Hee , Park JeongYun , Son Haeng‐Mi
Published: October 2024

In Korea, genetic counseling services began with the opening of genetic clinics in the early 1990s; in recent years, demand for these services has increased. However, genetic counseling is not an officially recognized healthcare service under the Korean national health insurance system; further, its certification is not recognized as a medical qualification. To clarify the role and significance of genetic counselors, this study examined their field experiences. To this end, we conducted focus group interviews with 11 certified genetic counselors, six advanced practice nurses, and four regular nurses. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and examined using thematic analysis. We found that even though Korea did not recognize their roles, the participants met their responsibilities and primary duties. In addition, they faced challenges during counseling due to a lack of formal education in genetics and genomics. Moreover, they encountered dilemmas related to the legal and ethical aspects of decision support for family testing or prenatal diagnosis due to the complexity of rare genetic disorders. However, they attempted to acquire the specialized knowledge needed to support patients with rare genetic disorders and their families, gradually developing practical experience and specialized knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to develop manuals, establish systems, and improve working environments to provide high‐quality and specialized genetic counseling. Additionally, there is a need for national support, such as establishing set wages for genetic counselors, developing a national qualification certification system, and securing dedicated personnel.
Respiratory hospitalizations and ICU admissions among children with and without medical complexity at the end of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Belza Christina , Diong Christina , Pullenayegum Eleanor , Nelson Katherine E. , Aoyama Kazuyoshi , Fu Longdi , Buchanan Francine , Diaz Sanober , Goldberg Ori , Guttmann Astrid , Hepburn Charlotte Moore , Mahant Sanjay , Martens Rachel , Saunders Natasha R. , Cohen Eyal
Published: October 2024

Decreased severe respiratory illness was observed during the first 2 years of the COVID‐19 pandemic, with a relatively smaller decrease among children with medical complexity (CMC) compared to non‐CMC. We extended this analysis to the third pandemic year (April 1, 2022, to March 31, 2023) when pandemic public health measures were loosened. A population‐based repeated cross‐sectional study evaluated respiratory hospitalizations among CMC and non‐CMC (<18 years) in Ontario, Canada. Among the 67,517 CMC and 3,006,504 non‐CMC in Ontario, there were more CMC respiratory hospitalizations compared with the expected prepandemic levels (n = 3145 hospitalizations, corresponding to rate ratio [RR], 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16–1.25) with an even larger relative increase among non‐CMC (n = 6653, RR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.34–1.38). Increased intensive care unit admissions for respiratory illness were also observed (CMC: RR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.31–1.59; non‐CMC: RR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.89–2.16). Understanding respiratory surge drivers may provide insights to protect at‐risk children from respiratory morbidity.
Synthesis and Application of D‐ and 13C‐Labelled tert‐Butyl Hoechst Dye
Authors: Vlasenko Yulia A. , To Avery J. , Fortier Tess , Evans Natasha M. , Lindsay Cole J. , Palermo Peter J. , Dieckmann Thorsten , Murphy Graham K.
Published: October 2024

Herein, the successful syntheses of D3‐ and 13C‐N‐methyl and D9‐tert‐butyl Hoechst dyes are presented. This includes the preparation of the labelled D3‐ and 13C‐N‐methyl piperazines and D9‐tert‐butylated hydroxytoluene precursors. The tert‐butyl Hoechst dye is known to bind a specific RNA aptamer. Spectroscopic NMR studies of the labelled Hoechst dye‐aptamer complexes allowed for the unambiguous assignment of chemical shifts, as well as the dynamics of the bound dye.
Correlation of White Matter Microstructure MRI and Inflammatory Cytokine Alterations With Symptom Severity in Premenstrual Syndrome
Authors: Duan Gaoxiong , Qin Haixia , Lai YinQi , Zhang Qingping , Lai Ziyan , Chen Ya , Wu Yuejuan , Liu Zhen , Zhou Kaixuan , Zhang Yan , Li Shanshan , Lin Shihuan , Sun Ruijing , Ou Yuanyuan , Liang Xiaoli , Liang Lingyan , Chen Zhizhong , Deng Demao
Published: October 2024

Background

Women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) are at increased risk for depression throughout their lives. White matter (WM) microstructure and inflammatory cytokine alterations have been proposed in its etiology.

Purpose

To investigate whether WM, assessed using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and inflammatory cytokine levels are altered in PMS, and to examine the relationships between WM microstructure, inflammatory cytokines, and symptom severity.

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects

Forty‐two PMS patients and 58 healthy controls (HCs), categorized according to the daily record of severity of problems (DRSP).

Field Strength/Sequence

3‐T, echo planar imaging DTI.

Assessment

Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were measured by using tract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS). Venous blood was collected to measure cytokines, including interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). Symptoms were assessed by using the DRSP.

Statistical Tests

Two‐sample t test or Mann–Whitney U test were used to compare the DRSP and cytokines. Abnormal DTI metrics in WM were extracted and the differences between groups were analyzed by using two sample t‐tests. Spearman's correlation (r) was used to assess the relationship between DTI metrics, cytokines, and DRSP. A P‐value <0.05 with FDR correction was considered statistically significant.

Results

Compared with HCs, PMS patients showed significantly lower FA in the corpus callosum and corona radiata, and significantly higher MD, AD, and RD in the corticospinal tract (CST), and significantly higher MD and RD in the anterior thalamic radiation (ATR). These differential metrics were significantly correlated with DRSP. Patients showed significantly higher IL‐1β and TNF‐α than HCs. Moreover, TNF‐α correlated positively with MD, AD, and RD in both groups (r range, 0.256–0.315).

Data Conclusion

Alterations of WM microstructure and IL‐1β and TNF‐α may be associated with PMS symptom severity, and TNF‐α may correlate with DTI metrics of CST and ATR pathways.

Evidence Level

1

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Sweet cherry response in absorption and mobility of 10B applied to soil and flowers under two soil boron conditions
Authors: Arredondo Gerardo , Bonomelli Claudia , Nario Adriana , Rojas‐Silva Ximena , Gaete Patricia
Published: October 2024

Background

Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plants, and B deficiency reduces fruit set in sweet cherry trees. Several studies showed the advantages of foliar and soil B applications in fruit trees, but there is little information on the distribution of B in the plant, becoming an important issue when nutritional corrections are needed.

Aims

The study aims to determine B mobility and distribution in sweet cherry trees, applying 10B to the flowers and soil, at different timings and under two levels of soil B availability.

Methods

Two experiments were conducted with sweet cherry trees. In the two previous seasons, the plants were managed in two soil B availability conditions (deficient and adequate). The experiments consisted of the applications of 10B solution to the flowers and the soil at different timings and under both soil B conditions.

Results

Higher 10B absorption occurred when the 10B was applied to the soil at full bloom than when it was applied before leaf senescence. Boron was mobilized to all the tissues, but mainly to the leaves. Nevertheless, the fruit presented no differences in 10B excess for both application timings. Irrespective of soil B conditions, the 10B applied to the soil at full bloom was absorbed and mobilized to different tissues, that is, roots + rootstock + trunk (39%–44%) and stems + leaves (53%–55%), showing no differences between them. A lower percentage of B was located in the fruit, with 1% and 8% at soil B‐deficient and B‐adequate conditions, respectively. The highest percentage of the 10B applied to the flowers remained in the fruit (∼70%), and nearly 20% and 10% were mobilized to stems + leaves and roots + rootstock + trunk, respectively, independent of the soil B condition.

Conclusions

Boron applied to soil at full bloom or before leaf senescence, under B‐deficient soil condition, is absorbed and mobilized to all the plant tissues, enhancing the B status in sweet cherry trees particularly when it is applied at full bloom. However, B soil application before leaf senescence would improve the availability of B (reserves) to the flowers in the following season. Boron applied to the flowers, at full bloom, remains in a high proportion in the fruit, becoming an effective complementary method to meet the fruit demands of the growing season, independent of the soil B conditions.
Effects of yeast β‐glucan on gelatinization, structure and digestibility of potato starch
Authors: Zhang Lin , Dong Lin , Zhang Hua , He Yan , Ma Xia
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Potato starch (PS) is widely used in food, but its application is limited because of its poor heat resistance and easy aging. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt some modification methods to improve its performance and expand its application range.

RESULTS

To improve these shortcomings of PS, the effect of yeast β‐glucan (YG) at different concentrations (0%, 1%, 2% and 3%, w/v) on the gelatinization, structure and in vitro digestive properties of PS were investigated. The interaction of YG with PS was different because of different molecular weights. The addition of YG reduced the peak viscosity and increased the final viscosity of PS. YG made the texture of PS gel softer, and the effect of low molecular weight YG was more obvious. YG enhanced the thermal stability of PS. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that YG and PS interacted through hydrogen bonds. In addition, YG reduced the digestibility of PS in vitro.

CONCLUSION

Collectively, the addition of β‐glucan to PS can serve as a new approach to enhance the technological properties of PS in food applications. These results will provide theoretical basis for PS to develop into functional food. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Furfural production from xylan using a Pueraria Residues carbon‐based solid‐acid catalyst
Authors: Gai Xiangtong , Ding Wei , He Jian , Guo Jie , Song Ke
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

The conversion of biomass into high value‐added platform compounds is an important method of biomass utilization. The conversion of hemicellulose represented by xylan into furfural can not only reduce the consumption of fossil fuels, but also promotes the development and utilization of non‐edible biomass resources. In this study, a bifunctional solid‐acid catalyst prepared from agricultural and forestry waste Pueraria (P. eduli) Residues was used to convert xylan into furfural in a biphasic system.

RESULTS

In this study, P. eduli Residues was used as raw material to prepare a P. eduli Residues‐based carbon solid‐acid catalyst (PR/C‐SO3H‐Fe) by one‐step sulfonation carbonization and impregnation. The catalyst catalyzes the conversion of xylan to furfural in a biphasic system (2‐methyltetrahydrofuran/water). The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, differential thermogravimetric analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ammonia temperature‐programmed desorption. Subsequently, the experimental conditions were studied and optimized, such as metal species, iron ion concentration, reaction time and temperature, volume ratio of organic phase to water phase and ratio of substrate to catalyst. The results showed that under conditions of 160 °C, 50 mg catalyst, 100 mg xylan and 7 mL reaction solvent, the yield of furfural could reach 78.94% after 3 h of reaction.

CONCLUSION

This study provides an effective research method for the conversion of xylan into furfural, and provides a reference for the catalytic conversion and utilization of hemicellulose in agricultural and forestry biomass. It also provides a feasible method for the resource utilization of agricultural and forestry waste. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Predicting Subsurface Drainage Requirement for Different Soil Desalinization Goals in Coastal Reclamation Areas
Authors: Chen Yawen , Jia Zhonghua , Wu Yuxuan , Sha Ziqi , Luo Wan
Published: October 2024

Building subsurface drainage systems for more efficient salt leaching with the natural rainfall or artificial irrigation is a widely accepted practice for saline soils reclamation, but the high initial cost of the system construction often limits its adoption, and the uncertainty in drainage intensity requirement to meet desired desalinization goals for field crop production challenges the system design. In this paper, we proposed a soil desalinization model based on the field hydrology model‐DRAINMOD, predicted number of years required to lower soil salinity to a threshold level under different subsurface drainage conditions, and estimated the net return from different subsurface drainage system layout based on a case study in a coastal reclamation area in eastern China. The results showed that, DRAINMOD accurately predicted water table fluctuations in artificially drained fields: the root mean square error to standard deviation ratio (RSR) was 0.4 and 0.54, and the Nash Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) was 0.84 and 0.68, respectively, during the model calibration and validation periods. The DRAINMOD based soil desalinization model predicted a negative relationship between subsurface drainage intensity and the soil desalinization period, that is, improving drainage condition shortened the time requirement for soil desalinization. For the study area, the model's predictions showed that installing subsurface drainage at 20 m spacing and 1.2 m deep lowered soil salinity to the slightly saline level in less than 7 years under the rainfall leaching only, and such system layout produced the maximum economic return based on the local agricultural practice. The results indicate that, early investment in adequate subsurface drainage systems is beneficial for field crop production in the salt impacted farmland areas. Findings from this research may provide technical references for saline soil reclamation or land improvement in both rain fed and irrigated agricultural areas.