bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thoracoscopic approach for complications after esophageal atresia repair: initial experience
Authors: Cano Novillo Indalecio , Aneiros Castro Belén , Godoy Lenz Jorge , Puentes Rivera Maria Consuela , García Vázquez Araceli , Moreno Zegarra Cecilia
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Improvements in technology and health care have helped reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with esophageal atresia. However, postoperative complications such as dehiscences, strictures, and recurrent fistulas still occur in a large percentage of patients. Here, we present our initial experience using the thoracoscopic approach for complications after esophageal atresia repair.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients who developed complications after esophageal atresia repair and underwent thoracoscopic reoperation at two centers. Anastomotic leakage, anastomotic stricture, and recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula were assessed as complications after esophageal atresia repair.

Results

We reoperated on four patients (range of age 3 days ‐ 2 years) by thoracoscopy. Two patients who had undergone thoracoscopic atresia repair presented with anastomotic dehiscence. The anastomoses were thoracoscopically reconstructed without tension. One patient had undergone thoracoscopic atresia repair presented with esophageal stricture refractory to endoscopic dilatations. Thoracoscopic esophagoesophagostomy was performed in this 2‐year‐old patient. One patient who had undergone esophageal atresia repair and tracheoesophageal fistula closure by thoracotomy presented with a recurrent fistula at 1 year of age. The patient underwent thoracoscopic fistula closure with a 5‐mm endostapler. All patients remain asymptomatic after reoperation.

Conclusions

Reoperation after esophageal atresia repair is challenging and carries a relatively high risk of developing complications. Compared to conventional surgery, the thoracoscopic approach in experienced hands offers better visualization and more accurate dissection and drainage of the thoracic cavity. Therefore, we want to encourage the use of thoracoscopy in the treatment of complications after esophageal atresia repair.
Business, organization theory, and the current challenge of neocharisma
Authors: Betta Michela
Published: May 2019

An argument is made in this article that there exists a trend in today's society toward a phenomenon that can tentatively be calledneocharismaand that this trend poses important challenges to organization theory and the modern organization. This phenomenon, it is suggested, is expressed in today's intense pressure for innovation, something that makes it imperative to develop a distinction between constructive and destructive innovation. Organization theory has some difficulty in handling innovations, radical change, and irrationality, as a review of the literature shows. In order to better understand a phenomenon such as neocharisma, it is proposed that organizations be seen as embedded in society in a typology based on Max Weber's four types of social order (tradition, instrumental rationality, value rationality, and charisma). The article ends with a comparison between charisma and neocharisma, a discussion of what differentiates constructive from destructive innovations, and suggestions for future research related to neocharisma.
Plant competition as a mechanism of invasion on islands: Revisiting the conclusions of Kuebbing and Nuñez (2016)
Authors: Barton Kasey E. , Wong Amanda
Published: May 2019

Identifying the mechanisms underlying invasive plant establishment and native plant decline remains a central goal in ecology, particularly for biodiversity hotspots such as islands. We re‐analyzed a previously published meta‐dataset to test the prediction that neighbor effects are stronger on islands vs. continents because island plants are weaker competitors. Although we detected marginally stronger neighbor effects on islands than continents, this was due, at least in part, to stronger competition among native species. An absence of studies testing neighbor effects between native vs. invasive plants on islands prevents a rigorous test for competition effects on islands, highlighting an important knowledge gap.
A price index for Canada, 1688 to 1850
Authors: Geloso Vincent
Published: May 2019

This paper presents the first price index for any region of Canada that spans from the colonial era to the mid‐19th century. I constructed it using prices from the account books of religious congregations with estates throughout modern‐day Quebec. It represents a substantial improvement over previous indexes thanks to the consistent price quotations in the source material, the high frequency of observations for many goods, the vast number of goods and the inclusion of numerous non‐agricultural and non‐food goods. Its price trends differ mildly from those of existing but less‐comprehensive price indexes. I link this new index with post‐1850 indexes to create a 328‐year price index for Canada.
Social Change and the Gendered Division of Household Labor in Canada
Authors: Guppy Neil , Sakumoto Larissa , Wilkes Rima
Published: May 2019

Housework is asymmetrically distributed by gender. This uneven allocation is an important indicator of inequality between women and men. The imbalance is closing, although exactly why remains uncertain. It is also unclear if the convergence has more to do with women's lives becoming more like men's, or whether it is because men are changing their practices on the home front. Using 30 years of nationally representative time use diary data, we explore three broad theoretical frameworks addressing social change—cultural, structural, and demographic—to examine how and why the gender dynamics around housework are shifting. We find that structural factors, and in particular women's engagement with paid work, have changed most sharply as drivers of greater symmetry in domestic labor, although changing cultural beliefs have contributed as well. Furthermore, there have been significant changes in men's behavior. One focal point for this domestic change is in men's and women's shifting practices around childcare. Intensive parenting, not just intensive mothering, has become more prevalent.
Human disturbance impacts on rainforest mammals are most notable in the canopy, especially for larger‐bodied species
Authors: Whitworth Andrew , Beirne Christopher , Pillco Huarcaya Ruthmery , Whittaker Lawrence , Serrano Rojas Shirley Jennifer , Tobler Mathias W. , MacLeod Ross
Published: May 2019

Aim

Community‐level assessments of how biodiversity responds to disturbance within forest habitats are often biased towards terrestrial‐based surveys. However, recent research suggests that arboreal communities of several indicator groups (ants, amphibians, beetles and butterflies) are more susceptible to human disturbance than their terrestrial counterparts, but what about wildlife at higher trophic levels? We assess responses to disturbance, from forest floor to canopy, of a key conservation flagship group: medium to large rainforest mammals.

Location

The Manu Biosphere Reserve, southeast Peru.

Methods

We deploy both arboreal and terrestrial camera traps to directly compare the response of arboreal and terrestrial mammal communities to rainforest degradation and disturbance.

Results

We show that the arboreal mammal community is more susceptible to habitat disturbance than the terrestrial community. Furthermore, the largest‐bodied arboreal species, which are major seed dispersers, showed the greatest negative response to forest disturbance. The strongest predictors of occupancy probability for arboreal communities were focal tree connectivity and canopy cover, whereas surrounding forest loss and canopy height were there strongest predictors of terrestrial community occupancy, although these also had effects similar in size and magnitude on the arboreal community.

Main conclusions

Conservation conclusions drawn from camera‐based studies focused on the terrestrial realm likely underestimate the impact of rainforest degradation to arboreal communities and on arboreal rainforest biodiversity in general. We highlight the importance of implementing arboreal research methods, capable of investigating conservation implications of anthropogenic disturbance across all vertical strata, for accurate conservation assessments and improving rainforest management and restoration strategies.
Temperature shapes opposing latitudinal gradients of plant taxonomic and phylogenetic β diversity
Authors: McFadden Ian R. , Sandel Brody , Tsirogiannis Constantinos , Morueta‐Holme Naia , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Enquist Brian J. , Kraft Nathan J.B.
Published: May 2019

Latitudinal and elevational richness gradients have received much attention from ecologists but there is little consensus on underlying causes. One possible proximate cause is increased levels of species turnover, or β diversity, in the tropics compared to temperate regions. Here, we leverage a large botanical dataset to map taxonomic and phylogenetic β diversity, as mean turnover between neighboring 100 × 100 km cells, across the Americas and determine key climatic drivers. We find taxonomic and tip‐weighted phylogenetic β diversity is higher in the tropics, but that basal‐weighted phylogenetic β diversity is highest in temperate regions. Supporting Janzen's ‘mountain passes’ hypothesis, tropical mountainous regions had higher β diversity than temperate regions for taxonomic and tip‐weighted metrics. The strongest climatic predictors of turnover were average temperature and temperature seasonality. Taken together, these results suggest β diversity is coupled to latitudinal richness gradients and that temperature is a major driver of plant community composition and change.
How to define chronic pruritus: Symptom or disease?
Authors: Ständer Sonja
Published: May 2019

Chronic pruritus (CP) is defined by itching lasting 6 weeks or more and is known to be both a highly prevalent and burdensome symptom of many pruritogenic diseases. Its status as a symptom has many implications mainly that the symptom should evolve and subside with the disease. However, according to the clinical experience, CP often does not parallel the disease course and requires an own management. It is speculated that neuronal sensitization processes take place, which lead to disconnection of the symptom from the underlying disease and establishment of an own course of pruritus. It is thus discussed that pruritus can be both a symptom of diseases and an entity by itself. Further studies are needed to learn more and improve our understanding of this condition. This article compares its role in pruritogenic diseases, encourages discussion on the topic and provides an overview of the proper questions to ask.
Changes in rainfall level and litter stoichiometry affect aquatic community and ecosystem processes in bromeliad phytotelmata
Authors: Benavides‐Gordillo Sandra , Farjalla Vinicius F. , González Angélica L. , Romero Gustavo Q.
Published: May 2019

Both N deposition and changes in precipitation amount are important components of global change and affect aquatic ecosystem functioning by altering the detrital quality and detrital processing rates by macroinvertebrates and microorganisms. Changes in precipitation pattern can also modify the physical structure of the ecosystem, determining habitat availability for aquatic organisms. Although these drivers can individually affect ecosystem structure and functioning, their interactive effects are poorly understood.

To better understand the combined effects of detritus quality and precipitation regime on the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems we manipulated litter quality, by modifying N:P stoichiometry and rainfall amount on tropical natural aquatic microcosms (water‐holding epiphytic bromeliads). We performed an orthogonal manipulation of litter N:P ratio (natural N:P and high N:P) and rainfall levels (current level and predicted 40% increase for south‐eastern Brazil)

Changes in litter quality affected the abundance of the aquatic organisms inhabiting bromeliads, including algae and bacteria. However, changes in litter quality combined with changes in precipitation levels affected only one group of macroinvertebrates, the Naididae worms (Oligochaeta) an important group of detritivores in the bromeliad systems. These combined drivers also affected the decomposition of organic matter by changing coloured organic matter concentrations, fine particulate matter biomass, and concentrations in bromeliad tanks. The concentration in bromeliad water was positively related with Naididae abundance, suggesting that these worms can act as ecosystem engineers by boosting N cycling. In both N:P treatments we observed a 50% decrease in N flux from litter to bromeliad leaves due to increases in nutrient leaching from the tanks caused by rainfall.

The combined effects of litter quality and changes in precipitation regimes altered the decomposition process and nutrient cycling in tank bromeliads, probably through changes in the abundance of some keystone species (e.g. Naididae). Aquatic macroinvertebrate community structure remained similar after manipulating precipitation, despite changes in the abundance of some species. Although some microorganisms were washed out of the system, their abundance inside the bromeliads remained stable. We conclude that the abundance of individuals belonging to aquatic communities in bromeliad phytotelmata are generally stable and resistant to changes in rainfall levels, but are sensitive to changes in litter quality.

This experiment showed that the interactive effects of increased precipitation and N concentrations differed from the effects of either factor alone. As responses to changes in these factors were complex rather than additive, caution is required in predicting the outcomes of changes in both factors in freshwater ecosystems.
Recombinant factor VIII products and inhibitor development in previously untreated patients with severe haemophilia A: Combined analysis of three studies
Authors: Volkers Peter , Hanschmann Kay‐Martin , Calvez Thierry , Chambost Hervé , Collins Peter W. , Demiguel Virginie , Hart Daniel P. , Hay Charles R.M. , Goudemand Jenny , Ljung Rolf , Palmer Ben P. , Santagostino Elena , van Hardeveld Ella M. , van den Berg Marijke , Keller‐Stanislawski Brigitte
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Standard treatment of congenital haemophilia A is based on replacement therapy with coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) products. A major complication of FVIII therapy is the occurrence of IgG alloantibodies (inhibitors) that neutralize FVIII activity.

Aim

The aim of the analysis was estimating the risk of high‐titre inhibitor associated with the second‐generation full‐length product compared to third‐generation full‐length product and other recombinant FVIII (rFVIII).

Methods

We conducted a combined analysis of individual patient data from three large studies in previously untreated patients (PUPs) with severe haemophilia A.

Results

A total of 1109 PUPs were treated from 1993 to 2013 including 787 PUPs treated from 2004 onwards (primary analysis cohort). A total of 322 patients (29.0%) developed an inhibitor, of which 192 (17.3%) a high‐titre inhibitor. In the primary analysis set, 29.9% of patients developed an inhibitor and 17.2% a high‐titre inhibitor. The combined analysis indicated a lower risk of high‐titre inhibitor development for the third‐generation rFVIII product compared to the second‐generation rFVIII product (primary analysis: adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.49 to 1.06). Adjusted HR for all inhibitor development was significantly lower for the third‐generation product compared to the second‐generation product.

Conclusion

The trend of an increased risk of inhibitor development in PUPs for one recombinant product illustrates that extrapolation from one recombinant factor VIII product to other products might not be justified.
The effect of Sb2O3 on the properties of micro‐arc oxidation coatings on magnesium alloys
Authors: Wang Ping , Cao Wenjie , Yang Bo , Yang Qiuguo , Pu Jun , Gong Zeyu , Hu Jie , Guo Xiaoyang , Xiang Dong
Published: May 2019

Coatings incorporated with Sb2O3 were obtained on AZ31B magnesium alloy during micro‐arc oxidation (MAO) by adding Sb2O3 (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 g/L) into the electrolyte. The voltage of MAO process, microstructure, element distribution, thickness, phase analysis, microhardness, adhesion, and corrosion behavior of the coatings were, respectively, investigated. The results showed that the addition of different concentrations of Sb2O3 caused the voltage variation, which resulted in the changes in microstructure, element distribution, and phase composition of coatings, and further led to the improvement of coatings properties. It was found that the addition of Sb2O3 could effectively decrease the breakdown voltage, and made the voltage of micro‐arc oxidation stage change. Moreover, the presence of Sb2O3 influenced surface morphologies of the coatings. Additionally, with the increase in Sb2O3, the microhardness of coatings was 155.2, 199.78, 277.34, 267.53, and 127.93 HV, respectively; these were higher than substrate (68.5 HV). Moreover, the addition of Sb2O3 effectively improved adhesion. As the Sb2O3 increased, the corrosion rate was 2.19 × 10−4, 9.09 × 10−5, 4.10 × 10−5, 2.52 × 10−4, and 2.96 × 10−4 mm/a, respectively, and the corrosion resistance increased first and then decreased with the increase in Sb2O3. In sum, the optimal Sb2O3 concentration was 4 g/L.
Sulfur solubility in low activity waste glass and its correlation to melter tolerance
Authors: Skidmore Chloe H. , Vienna John D. , Jin Tongan , Kim Dongsang , Stanfill Bryan A. , Fox Kevin M. , Kruger Albert A.
Published: May 2019

Hanford low‐activity waste (LAW) glasses with high sulfur concentrations are subject to salt segregation in the melter, which hinders melter operation by corroding components and shortening the melter life. To better predict the point at which salt accumulates on the melt surface, the development of sulfate solubility models is needed. Using a sulfur saturation method, crucible scale melts for 13 LAW glasses with varying sulfur solubilities were conducted. The resulting salt and glass compositions were reported and the change in component partitioning following the saturation process was examined to better understand potential changes in overall glass composition. It was shown that both Cr2O3and Cl experience significant losses, with ~28% of Cr2O3partitioning into the salt phase and Cl primarily volatilizing out of the melt (~23% partitioned to salt and ~40% lost as off gas). These patterns can be accounted for during model development. Measured sulfur solubilities were also compared to previously reported data. It was found that crucible sulfur solubility ranged from 0.95 to 2.14 wt% SO3with a high correlation () between crucible solubility and melter tolerance. These results suggest that crucible scale sulfate solubility data can be used to predict SO3tolerance in the melter feed.
Effectiveness of an advanced practice nurse‐led delirium education and training programme
Authors: Lieow J.L.M. , Chen F.S.M. , Song G. , Tang P.S. , Kowitlawakul Y. , Mukhopadhyay A.
Published: May 2019

Aim

To develop an education and training programme to enhance bedside nurses’ knowledge, competency and compliance in accurately performing delirium screening in intensive care units.

Background

Delirium in intensive care units is associated with several poor patient outcomes. Delirium detection can be improved by enhancing nurses’ knowledge, competency and compliance in accurately performing delirium screening.

Methods

A descriptive quantitative study with pretest–post‐test design was adopted. There were 245 nurses from five intensive care units who participated in the study. Multiple‐choice questions were used to assess nurses’ knowledge change before and after the education programme. Competency was assessed before and 2 months after the programme by simulation with a standardized patient, followed by real patients at the bedside. Compliance data on screening were collected from the documentation of the Richmond Agitation–Sedation Scale and the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU before and 3 and 10 months after the programme. Data collection took 1 year, from June 2014 to May 2015.

Results

Despite nurses’ improved knowledge and good competency, delirium screening documentations after 3 months were poor. However, screening documentations subsequently improved when measured at 10 months, following further emphasis by the senior nursing staff.

Implications for nursing practice and policy

Nursing administrators and bedside nurses need to be involved in the policy‐making process and plan a training programme for the new nursing staff in the high‐risk areas. A short refreshment course should be offered to the nursing staff 3 months after the initial training programme.

Conclusions

Improved knowledge and competency in assessment did not improve compliance and documentation of delirium screening. Therefore, it is important to reinforce nurses’ compliance of delirium screening over time.
How service‐users with intellectual disabilities understand challenging behaviour and approaches to managing it
Authors: Clarke Aoife , Dagnan Dave , Smith Ian C.
Published: May 2019

Background

This study explored understandings that service‐users with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour held around their behaviour, what shaped these understandings, and the relationship between how behaviours are managed and well‐being.

Methods

Eight participants (three female, five male) partook in individual semi‐structured qualitative interviews. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Results

Three master themes emerged from this analysis: (a) challenging behaviour can be explained via an internal or external frame of reference, with each framework having different implications for how participants attempted to manage behaviour. (b) Positive relationships provide a long‐term buffer to challenging behaviour, with positive relationships with family, staff and peers operating through different mechanisms to achieve this. (c) A greater ability to exert power and control in day‐to‐day life was perceived to reduce challenging behaviour in the long term.

Conclusions

Implications for practice are discussed.
Is Fair Pricing Possible? An Analysis of Participating Life Insurance Portfolios
Authors: Orozco‐Garcia Carolina , Schmeiser Hato
Published: May 2019

Pooling individual customers with different inception dates into a single legal entity may generate intergenerational subsidies that are accentuated when the insurer has limited liability. This article aims to investigate whether an insurer can charge fair premiums while simultaneously ensuring identical levels of default risk—measured by the value of the default put option ratio—for all generations. The decision variables for achieving these goals are asset allocation and the amount of the insurer's equity capital. We propose an accounting framework where the insurer controls for insolvency positions annually after the first contract is issued. Additionally, a run‐off framework is developed where the insurer does not declare bankruptcy in case of an insolvency, but instead stops issuing new policies and runs the company until the assets are exhausted or the last policyholder is paid. We find that intergenerational subsidies and different levels of default risk per generation cannot be avoided whenever we face a positive default risk. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark
Economic Growth and Evolution of Gender Equality
Authors: Damjanovic Tatiana , Selvaretnam Geethanjali
Published: May 2019

We present an evolutionary growth model where the degree of gender equality evolves towards the value maximizing social output. It follows that a woman's bargaining power should depend positively on her relative productivity. When an economy is less developed, physical strength plays a key role in production and thus, total output is greater when the man gets a larger share. As society develops and accumulates physical capital and human capital, the woman becomes relatively more productive, which drives the output maximizing social norm towards gender equality. Empirical results support these predictions of the theoretical model. Simulations show that in the long run, an economy with gender equality can outperform an economy where gender balance of power maximizes social output, although in the short run, it can lag behind.
Latitudinal Gradient of UV Attenuation Along the Highly Transparent Red Sea Basin
Authors: Overmans Sebastian , Agustí Susana
Published: May 2019

The tropical and subtropical oceans experience intense incident ultraviolet radiation (280–400 nm) while their water columns are thought to be highly transparent. This combination represents a high potential for harmful effects on organisms, yet only few reports on the UV penetration properties of oligotrophic tropical waters exist. Here, we present the pattern of UV attenuation over a wide latitudinal range of the oligotrophic Red Sea. We recorded spectroradiometer profiles of PAR and UV, together with chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a) and light absorption by chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) to determine the contribution of phytoplankton and CDOM toward UV attenuation. Transparency to UV exhibited a distinct latitudinal gradient, with the lowest and highest diffuse attenuation coefficients at 313 nm (Kd (313)) of 0.130 m−1 and 0.357 m−1 observed at the northern coast off Duba, and in the south close to the Farasan islands, respectively. Phytoplankton and CDOM both modulated UV attenuation, but CDOM was found to be the key driver despite the lack of riverine inputs. We confirm that ultraviolet radiation can reach deeper into the Red Sea than previously described, which means its potential to act as a stressor and selective driver for Red Sea organisms may have been underestimated to date.
The feedback‐related negativity indexes prediction error in active but not observational learning
Authors: Burnside Rebecca , Fischer Adrian G. , Ullsperger Markus
Published: May 2019

Reinforcement learning (RL) theory states that learning is driven by prediction errors (PEs)—the discrepancy between the predicted and actual outcome of an action. When participants learn from their own actions, PEs correlate with the feedback‐related negativity (FRN), but it is not clear if the FRN reflects a PE in observational learning. We use a model‐based regression analysis of single‐trial event‐related potentials to determine if the FRN in observational learning is PE driven. Twenty participants (16 female) learned the stimulus‐outcome contingencies for a probabilistic three‐armed bandit task. They played in pairs, with the acting and observing player switching every one to three trials. An RL‐learning algorithm was fit to participants' choices in the task to extract individual PE estimates for every trial of the experiment. In the acting condition, model‐estimated PEs covaried positively with neural signal at electrode FCz, 200–350 ms after outcome presentation, which is a typical time frame for the FRN. There was no PE effect in the observation condition in the same time frame. From 300 ms the outcome correlated negatively with the frontal P300 component at FCz and parietal P300 at Pz. At Pz the effect was greater in the acting than the observing condition. The frontal and parietal P300 components have been linked to attentional reorienting and stimulus value updating, respectively. These findings indicate that observed outcomes undergo processing that is distinguishable from directly experienced outcomes in the time windows of the FRN and P3b but that attention dedicated to the two outcomes types is comparable.
Shoulder internal and external rotation strength and prediction of subsequent injury in water‐polo players
Authors: Hams Andrea H. , Evans Kerrie , Adams Roger , Waddington Gordon , Witchalls Jeremy
Published: May 2019

Water‐polo players have greater isokinetic shoulder strength than age‐matched controls. Due to the repetitive demands of throwing, however, water‐polo players demonstrate an altered strength ratio, with greater internal rotation (IR) strength relative to external rotation (ER). The relationship between shoulder strength and risk of shoulder injury is unknown. In addition, the effect on test position for strength testing on the reliability of handheld dynamometry (HHD) in this population is not known. The aims were to determine the: (a) Inter‐rater reliability of HHD testing of IR and ER strength in two positions: neutral and 90°abduction‐90°ER (90‐90) and (b) relationship between preseason shoulder strength and occurrence of future injury in sub‐elite water‐polo players. Two assessors measured shoulder IR and ER strength using HHD in 15 water‐polo players across two testing days. Athletes were followed over a 6‐month period, and injury was assessed and recorded by the team physiotherapist. Measurement of water‐polo players' isometric IR and ER strength in the clinical setting had good to excellent inter‐rater reliability; however, systematic error was observed in the neutral position but not the 90‐90 position. Irrespective of testing position, the neutral and 90‐90 test position showed a significant difference (P = 0.01) in absolute preseason IR and ER mean strength between prospectively injured and non‐injured players. There was no significant difference in strength ratio or strength normalized for body mass index. These results suggest that preseason strength testing may help identify players at risk of in‐season shoulder injury.
Mandatory occupational welfare: Severance pay as an unemployment compensation instrument
Authors: Ozkan Umut Riza
Published: May 2019

This study focuses on the conceptual and empirical development of severance pay (SP)/redundancy pay schemes established through centralized collective agreements (in Nordic countries) and legislation for unemployment compensation. It argues that these “mandatory” occupational welfare benefits have been neglected in social policy debates due to the ambiguity in their conceptualization, overemphasis on their cost implications, and the nonrecognition of their redistributive effects. The study offers quantitative indicators to analyse SPsapos; redistributive structure (coverage,generosity, and benefitequality) during the Global Recession in Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, Ireland, France, Germany, Austria, Spain, Portugal, Denmark, and Sweden. The findings demonstrate that SP schemes possess distinctive elements in Southern European, Continental European, Anglo‐Saxon, and Nordic clusters. The indicators are also used to analyse the interplay between these schemes and unemployment insurance/assistance in these clusters.
Epiglottopexy for the treatment of epiglottic retroversion in 2 horses
Authors: Curtiss Alexandra L. , Parente Eric J.
Published: May 2019

Objective

To report an epiglottopexy technique for the treatment of epiglottic retroversion (ER) in 2 horses.

Study design

Case report.

Animals

A 2‐year‐old thoroughbred gelding and a 6‐year‐old standardbred gelding, both with ER.

Methods

Epiglottic retroversion was diagnosed via exercising endoscopic examination in both horses. Epiglottopexy technique was performed in both cases.

Results

Both horses returned to previous racing class within 1 year after surgery. Repeat exercising endoscopy of 1 horse 6 months postoperatively revealed resolution of the ER.

Conclusion

Epiglottopexy should be considered for treatment of ER in the equine athlete.

Clinical significance

Previously reported surgical techniques for ER in the equine athlete have not resulted in horses returning to previous performance level. The technique reported here resulted in both horses achieving athletic status.
Bogotá, una ciudad sensible al agua: elementos de reflexión
Authors: Torres Andrés , Galarza-Molina Sandra , Molina-Prieto Luis Fernando
Published: May 2019

Ante problemas evidentes en la gestión de las aguas lluvias de Bogotá, derivados sobre todo de la obsolescencia de las soluciones de drenaje convencionales, se revisan nuevos paradigmas internacionales como reflexión inicial para construir una visión propia sobre el saneamiento pluvial urbano de la ciudad. Por su carácter incluyente, pluriobjetivo y pluridisciplinario, se sugiere considerar la ciudad sensible al agua como paradigma de largo plazo, con base en las características y dinámicas propias de la ciudad y su vulnerabilidad frente a los eventos generados por el cambio climático y la contaminación de los cuerpos de agua. Con el punto de partida en limitantes propias de la ciudad como el pensamiento rígido, la fragmentación institucional, las políticas inflexibles y la corrupción gubernamental, se proponen elementos de reflexión sobre cuatro dimensiones que deben ser intervenidas para que Bogotá inicie su transición hacia ese modelo: natural, material, humana y normativa.
Habitar colectivo en las riberas del Biobío. Enclaves residenciales de la industria del papel
Authors: Bustamante Leonel Pérez , Hernández Pablo Fuentes
Published: May 2019

El presente artículo estudia parte relevante de los conjuntos habitacionales que son testimonio del habitar colectivo característico de la industrialización chilena promovida por el Estado, y que están insertos en el sistema urbano del río Biobío, comprendido entre la ciudad de Nacimiento y el Gran Concepción. El estudio se concentra en el tercio final del Biobío porque allí se asentaron numerosas industrias con impacto en el habitar colectivo. De igual manera, se relevaron antecedentes históricos a partir de fuentes documentales y secundarias para posteriormente enfocarse en el análisis de su configuración urbana y explorar los valores de estos conjuntos habitacionales como patrimonio industrial. El recinto Facela en Laja, el conjunto Papeles Bío-Bío en San Pedro; y los conjuntos Coinac y J. Durán en Nacimiento, materializaron conjuntos y piezas urbanas de marcado carácter colectivo, conectados a sus industrias originarias, en donde el río es, no obstante, integrado como un elemento paisajístico con presencia determinante.
Proyección y realidad de la vivienda obrera municipal en Molina de Segura (España) entre 1939 y 1946
Authors: Botella María Dolores Palazón
Published: May 2019

La vivienda obrera en España representa un modelo arquitectónico sin el cual no se concibe la ciudad contemporánea. Su importancia a menudo se ha revestido de simpleza, al no tener en cuenta que en ella subyacieron ideas, propuestas y medidas destinadas a potenciar su construcción sobre una base condicionada por la necesidad de dignificar la vida de sus habitantes con residencias óptimas. A esto ayudaron las diversas fórmulas legislativas que se instituyeron en el siglo XX, cuya finalidad era dar facilidades a los promotores que decidieran abordar esta tarea y que las corporaciones municipales tuvieran cabida. Muestra de ello es el Ayuntamiento de Molina de Segura (Murcia, España), que trató de servirse de estas disposiciones para afrontar la demanda de viviendas de varios grupos de trabajadores y ejemplificaba la problemática que había para convertir en realidad lo que se aspiraba a conseguir. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las diversas iniciativas que impulsó su Corporación municipal entre 1939 y 1946 para solventar esta cuestión y contextualizarlas dentro del ámbito nacional.
Effect of Piston Crevices on the Numerical Simulation of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Retrofitted to Natural-Gas Spark-Ignition Operation
Authors: Stocchi Iolanda , Liu Jinlong , Dumitrescu Cosmin Emil , Battistoni Michele , Grimaldi Carlo Nazareno
Published: May 2019

Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics internal combustion engine simulations that use a simplified combustion model based on the flamelet concept provide acceptable results with minimum computational costs and reasonable running times. Moreover, the simulation can neglect small combustion chamber details such as valve crevices, valve recesses, and piston crevices volume. The missing volumes are usually compensated by changes in the squish volume (i.e., by increasing the clearance height of the model compared to the real engine). This paper documents some of the effects that such an approach would have on the simulated results of the combustion phenomena inside a conventional heavy-duty direct injection compression-ignition engine, which was converted to port fuel injection spark ignition operation. Numerical engine simulations with or without crevice volumes were run using the G-equation combustion model. A proper parameter choice ensured that the numerical results agreed well with the experimental pressure trace and the heat release rate. The results show that including the crevice volume affected the mass of a unburned mixture inside the squish region, which in turn influenced the flame behavior and heat release during late-combustion stages.
Optimization of Kaplan Hydroturbine at Very Low Head With Rim-Driven Generator
Authors: Abbas Ahmad I. , Amano Ryoichi S. , Saravani Mandana S. , Qandil Mohammad D. , Sakamoto Tomoki
Published: May 2019

The objective of the paper is to study the design and optimization of Kaplan hydroturbines for a very low head (less than 3 m), with a particular emphasis on the use of rim-drive electrical generators. The work is based on an experimental setup and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of various design parameters for maximum output power and efficiency. Two designs are presented in this paper. One is a 90-cm (35-in.) diameter vertical-oriented Kaplan hydroturbine system as an intended product capable of generating over 50 kW. The other is a smaller, 7.6-cm (3-in.) diameter horizontal-oriented system for prototyping and laboratory verification. Both are analyzed through CFD based on large eddy simulation (LES) of transient turbulence. Specific design for the runner and the stator, intake tube shape, as well as guide vanes upstream of the turbine was studied to get the most from the available head. The intent is to use 3D-printing manufacturing techniques, which may offer original design opportunities as well as the possibility of turbine and water conduit design customization as a function of the head and flow available from a specific site. Based on the CFD analysis, the 7.6-cm diameter system achieved the highest power output and the maximum efficiency at the rotational speed range of 1500–2000 rpm, while for the experimental testing, the optimum rotational speed range was 1000–1500 rpm. Because of the mismatch between CFD and experimental results, the CFD results were correlated due to the presence of air and friction; moreover, error and uncertainty analysis were presented for both methods. For the 90-cm case, the optimum performance was found at a rotational speed around 350 rpm according to the CFD results. Finally, investigating the shape of the intake tube of the hydroturbine setup can significantly increase the power output and the efficiency of the system.
Effects of Ni-Coated Graphite Flake on Braking Behavior of Cu-Based Brake Pads Applied in High-Speed Railway Trains
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhang Lin , Fu Kangxi , Wu Peifang , Cao Jingwu , Shijia Cairang , Qu Xuanhui
Published: May 2019

Cu-based brake pads applied in high-speed railway trains containing Ni-coated graphite flake and uncoated graphite flake were fabricated by powder metallurgy. The braking properties of the brake pads were investigated by a scaled down testing apparatus with the pad-on-disk configuration under various braking speeds and braking pressures. Compared with the brake pads containing uncoated graphite flake (designated GF), the brake pads containing Ni-coated graphite flake (designated NGF) exhibits a similar braking performance at lower braking speed and pressure. However, NGF shows more stable friction coefficient, lower linear wear loss, and lower maximum temperature during the braking process at worse braking conditions, e.g., 350 km/h, 1.5 MPa. The Ni-coating on the surface of Ni-coated graphite can transfer the mechanical bonding between copper and graphite to diffusion bonding so that there is a stronger interface bonding between copper and Ni-coated graphite. Further, the multiple linear regression analyses reveal that the mean friction coefficient of NGF is more sensitive to braking pressure than braking speed because of the better thermal resistance of NGF, while the mean friction coefficient of GF and the linear wear loss are mainly affected by braking speed.
Sublethal effects of acetamiprid on biological aspects and life table of Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) fed on Aleuroclava jasmini (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors: Shahbaz Mohammad , Khoobdel Mehdi , Khanjani Mohammad , Hosseininia Asghar , Javadi Khederi Saeid
Published: May 2019

The whitefly, Aleuroclava jasmini (Takahashi) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is an important pest on paper mulberry Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. (Moraceae) plants in green spaces of Tehran, Iran. The predator mite Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot is one of the most common species found in paper mulberry landscape and it is a major biological control agent of this pest. Knowledge of the impact of insecticides on predatory mites is crucial for integrated management programs of this whitefly. This study assessed, under laboratory conditions, the sublethal effect of acetamiprid on the life table parameters of A. swirskii fed on A. jasmini. The sublethal concentrations LC10, LC20 and LC30 were obtained based on a dose-effect test. Exposure to the sublethal concentrations of acetamiprid had significant effects on the total immature periods of both males and females. The total fecundity and oviposition period decreased with an increase in concentration. The estimated life table parameters indicated that sublethal concentrations of acetamiprid caused greater reduction in r, λ and R0 of A. swirskii compared to the control. Therefore, the use of acetamiprid to control of A. jasmini may have serious implications for integrated pest management programs that aimed at exploiting A. swirskii biological control in paper mulberry landscape.
Envelope regularity discrimination
Authors: Moore Brian C. J. , Sęk Aleksander P. , Vinay  , Füllgrabe Christian
Published: May 2019

The ability to discriminate irregular from regular amplitude modulation was assessed using the “envelope regularity discrimination” test. The amount of irregularity was parametrically varied and quantified by an “irregularity index.” Normative data were gathered for young subjects with normal audiometric thresholds. Parameters varied were the carrier and modulation frequencies, fc and fm, and the baseline modulation index, m. All tests were performed using a background threshold-equalizing noise. The main findings were (1) using fc = 4000 Hz, fm = 8 Hz, and m = 0.3, performance improved over the first two threshold runs and then remained roughly stable, and there was a high correlation between thresholds obtained at 80 dB sound pressure level (SPL) and at 20 dB sensation level; (2) using fm = 8 Hz and m = 0.3 with a level of 80 dB SPL, thresholds did not vary significantly across fc = 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz; (3) using fm = 8 Hz and fc = 4000 Hz with a level of 80 dB SPL, thresholds did not vary significantly for m from 0.2 to 0.5; and (4) using m = 0.3 and fc = 4000 Hz with a level of 80 dB SPL, thresholds improved with increasing fm from 2 to 16 Hz. For all conditions, there was substantial individual variability, probably resulting from differences in “processing efficiency.”
The immunoproteasome catalytic β5i subunit regulates cardiac hypertrophy by targeting the autophagy protein ATG5 for degradation
Authors: Xie Xin , Bi Hai-Lian , Lai Song , Zhang Yun-Long , Li Nan , Cao Hua-Jun , Han Ling , Wang Hong-Xia , Li Hui-Hua
Published: May 2019

Immunoproteasome subunit β5i regulates cardiac hypertrophy.
Genetic architecture and sex-specific selection govern modular, male-biased evolution of
doublesex
Authors: Baral Saurav , Arumugam Gandhimathi , Deshmukh Riddhi , Kunte Krushnamegh
Published: May 2019

Structural modularity and positive selection govern functional evolution of
doublesex
, a master regulator of insect polymorphisms.
Pharmacological inhibition of β-catenin/BCL9 interaction overcomes resistance to immune checkpoint blockades by modulating T
reg
cells
Authors: Feng M. , Jin J. Q. , Xia L. , Xiao T. , Mei S. , Wang X. , Huang X. , Chen J. , Liu M. , Chen C. , Rafi S. , Zhu A. X. , Feng Y.-X. , Zhu D.
Published: May 2019

Pharmacological inhibition of β-catenin/BCL9 interaction modulates T
reg
cells and improves immunotherapy.
Autophagy induction in atrophic muscle cells requires ULK1 activation by TRIM32 through unanchored K63-linked polyubiquitin chains
Authors: Di Rienzo M. , Antonioli M. , Fusco C. , Liu Y. , Mari M. , Orhon I. , Refolo G. , Germani F. , Corazzari M. , Romagnoli A. , Ciccosanti F. , Mandriani B. , Pellico M. T. , De La Torre R. , Ding H. , Dentice M. , Neri M. , Ferlini A. , Reggiori F. , Kulesz-Martin M. , Piacentini M. , Merla G. , Fimia G. M.
Published: May 2019

Muscular dystrophy-associated mutations of TRIM32 impair ULK1-dependent autophagy response during muscle atrophy.
Drug discovery for psychiatric disorders using high-content single-cell screening of signaling network responses ex vivo
Authors: Lago Santiago G. , Tomasik Jakub , van Rees Geertje F. , Steeb Hannah , Cox David A. , Rustogi Nitin , Ramsey Jordan M. , Bishop Joshua A. , Petryshen Tracey , Haggarty Stephen J. , Vázquez-Bourgon Javier , Papiol Sergi , Suarez-Pinilla Paula , Crespo-Facorro Benedicto , van Beveren Nico J. , Bahn Sabine
Published: May 2019

High-content functional screening of primary patient blood cells reveals repurposed psychiatric drug candidates.
Sea-ice algal phenology in a warmer Arctic
Authors: Tedesco L. , Vichi M. , Scoccimarro E.
Published: May 2019

The impact of declining sea ice on Arctic sea-ice primary production is projected to be both large and complex.
Regulation of measles virus gene expression by P protein coiled-coil properties
Authors: Bloyet Louis-Marie , Schramm Antoine , Lazert Carine , Raynal Bertrand , Hologne Maggy , Walker Olivier , Longhi Sonia , Gerlier Denis
Published: May 2019

Measles virus gene expression requires a precise range of cohesiveness and a kink in the coiled coil of its phosphoprotein.
TGF-β type 2 receptor–mediated modulation of the IL-36 family can be therapeutically targeted in osteoarthritis
Authors: Li Tieshi , Chubinskaya Susan , Esposito Alessandra , Jin Xin , Tagliafierro Lidia , Loeser Richard , Hakimiyan Arnavaz A. , Longobardi Lara , Ozkan Huseyin , Spagnoli Anna
Published: May 2019

TGFBR2 regulates IL-36 to contribute to joint homeostasis, and an IL-36 receptor antagonist can ameliorate osteoarthritis in mouse models.
Whole-Genome Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Analysis Applied Directly to Stool for Genotyping Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli: an Advanced Molecular Detection Method for Foodborne Disease Surveillance and Outbreak Tracking
Authors: Singh Navjot , Lapierre Pascal , Quinlan Tammy M. , Halse Tanya A. , Wirth Samantha , Dickinson Michelle C. , Lasek-Nesselquist Erica , Musser Kimberlee A.
Published: May 2019

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of pathogens from pure culture provides unparalleled accuracy and comprehensive results at a cost that is advantageous compared with traditional diagnostic methods. Sequencing pathogens directly from a primary clinical specimen would help circumvent the need for culture and, in the process, substantially shorten the time to diagnosis and public health reporting.
Genome Sequence of “
Candidatus
Serratia symbiotica” Strain IS, a Facultative Bacterial Symbiont of the Pea Aphid
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Authors: Nikoh Naruo , Koga Ryuichi , Oshima Kenshiro , Hattori Masahira , Fukatsu Takema
Published: May 2019

“
Candidatus
Serratia symbiotica” is a facultative bacterial symbiont of aphids that affects various ecological traits of the host insects. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of “
Candidatus
Serratia symbiotica” strain IS, consisting of a 2,736,352-bp chromosome and an 82,605-bp plasmid, from the pea aphid
Acyrthosiphon pisum
.