bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Índice de Saneamento Ambiental da Área Urbana do Município de Mossoró – RN (Environment Sanitation Index on urban area of Mossoró Municipality- RN)
Authors: Peixoto Filipe da Silva , Felix Neto José Maia , Gomes Iago Nogueira , Dias Gutemberg Henrique
Published: January 2019

O saneamento básico é um dos maiores desafios para os países em desenvolvimento, o inchaço atual das grandes cidades e o vertiginoso crescimento populacional das cidades médias causam uma deficiência e falta de acesso dos serviços de saneamento para boa parcela da população. O estudo busca caracterizar e diagnosticar a situação do saneamento ambiental na cidade de Mossoró-RN. Para isso, foi aplicado, com o suporte do Sistema de Informação Geográfica – SIG, e o Índice de Saneamento Ambiental – ISA, sintetizando as principais informações dos serviços de saneamento básico. O ISA é composto por 3 sub-índices: Índice de Abastecimento de Água – IAB; Índice de Coleta de Lixo – ICL; Índice de Esgotamento Sanitário – IES. O estudo mostrou que há uma concentração espacial no acesso de serviços de saneamento, sendo o esgotamento sanitário o mais sensível para o ISA.  A B S T R A C TThe basic sanitation is a most challenger for in development countries. The current expansion of the big cities, and the biggest population increase of meddle cities cause deficiency and without sanitation access for majority part of population. The study arms to characterize and to diagnostic the environmental sanitation situation at Mossoró-RN. For this, we applicated the Geographic Information System – SIG support to Environmental Sanitation Index – ESI, that synthetize the principals  information of the basic sanitation services. The ESI was compost for 3 sub-index: water supply index – WSI; waste collated index; sanitation waste index – SWI. The study showed that there is a spatial concentration on access of sanitation services, and the sanitation waste is the most sensitive to ESI.Keywords: basic sanitation; middle cities; risk to unhealthiness.
As geotecnologias e a detecção de trajetórias evolutivas da paisagem: possibilidades metodológicas e aplicações (Geotechnologies and tracjectory-based change detection: methodological possibilities and applications)
Authors: Weckmüller Rômulo , Vicens Raúl Sánchez
Published: January 2019

O entendimento de como os sistemas terrestres evoluem é importante na busca de estratégia que otimizem a utilização dos recursos naturais e minimizem os impactos ambientais. O monitoramento das mudanças da cobertura vegetal e do uso da terra, através de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto tem sido fundamental neste sentido. A necessidade de se conhecer o histórico de coberturas da terra ou trajetórias evolutivas de uma paisagem é fundamental para os órgãos tomadores de decisão. Este tipo de análise propicia o conhecimento do estado da paisagem, ou seja, se a mesma encontra-se degradada, estável ou intacta, agregando informações para otimizar o ordenamento territorial e/ou ambiental. Para tal, o sensoriamento remoto se apresenta como uma metodologia eficiente, devido à facilidade de obtenção de dados históricos sobre grandes porções do território, através de imagens de satélite. Sendo assim, este artigo objetiva discutir a evolução epistemológica das geotecnologias, particularmente dos estudos de mudanças utilizando séries temporais, que acredita-se ser o futuro desta temática, destacando sua evolução teórica e metodológica, assim como as perspectivas de pesquisa, utilizando extensa revisão na literatura científica especializada. A B S T R A C TUnderstanding how terrestrial systems evolve is important in the search for strategies that optimize the use of natural resources and minimize environmental impacts. Monitoring of vegetation changes through remote sensing techniques has been fundamental in this regard. The necessity of know the history of land cover or evolutive trajectories of a landscape is fundamental to the decision-making bodies. This type of analysis provides knowledge of the state of the landscape, ie, if it is degraded, stable or intact, adding information to optimize land use planning. To do this, the remote sensing becomes an efficient methodology, due to the ease of obtaining historical data on large swathes of territory, through satellite images. Thus this article aims to discuss the epistemological evolution of geotechnologies, particularly the studies of time series analisys, believed to be the future of this subject, highlighting your theoretical and methodological evolution, as well as the research perspectives, using extensive review in the specialized scientific literature.Keywords: Change Detection, Time-series, Remote Sensing.
EFFECT OF AGROBIOLOGICAL RECLAMATION ON THE SOIL ABSORBING SOLONETS COMPLEX OF BARABA LOWLAND
Authors: Elizarov N. V. , Popov V. V.
Published: January 2019

The studies were conducted in the northern forest-steppe of the Baraba lowland on the territory of Novosibirsk region. The genetic profiles of crusty solonets on virgin soil and arable land were analyzed. Soil samples were selected in 2015-2016 from genetic soil horizons on the depth of 100 cm, then drilling every 20 cm to the groundwater. The effect of long-term application of agrobiological soil reclamation method on solonets profiles was studied on the experimental site. The stationary experiment was laid in 1987. The study of the morphological structure of soil profiles and the physicochemical properties of crusty solonets subjected to long-term agrobiological reclamation showed that certain changes occurred in the soil profile. The columnar structure of the solonets (illuvial) horizon was destroyed by agro-technical treatments and plant roots. In addition, under the action of agrobiological soil reclamation, the physicochemical properties of the soil changed. It was established that the concentration of calcium ions in the soil absorbing complex of the solonets (in the illuvial) horizon increased from 27.1 to 64.5%, and the content of sodium and magnesium cations decreased from 38.2 and 26.4 to 32.4 and 1.1% respectively. Solonets turned into residual type from the multi-sodium one. The effect of agrobiological soil reclamation became evident in the change of the overall medium reaction. On the virgin soil, the pH value in the solonets horizon (45-60 cm) was 9.1, while on the arable land it was only 6.5. The agrobiological method of soil reclamation not only increased the productivity of agrolandscapes, but also had a positive impact on the physicochemical properties of the solonetz soils of Baraba lowland and their genetic profile.
Das Einhüllen und Fesseln des Körpers in den indoeuropäischen Kulturen: Zu einigen Metaphern des magischen Schutzes vor Toten und Wiedergeborenen
Authors: Giner Carmen Alfaro
Published: January 2019

Fäden, Seile und Textilien sind Elemente des Alltagslebens, die bereits früh in der Menschheitsgeschichte einen hohen technischen Entwicklungsstand erreicht haben. Das Spinnen des Fadens, eine der ältesten Formen des Wissens, scheint wie der Ursprung jeder Form der Technik untrennbar mit einer besonderen Mythologie verbunden zu sein. So müssen sich auch Fäden, Knoten und Gewebe, neben ihrer praktischen Anwendung, rasch mit symbolischen Bedeutungen aufgeladen haben. In diesem Beitrag sollen die Symboliken des Fadens, des Knotens und des Gewebes als Metaphern analysiert werden, die bisweilen mit dem Leben, bisweilen mit dem Tod in Verbindung stehen.

Threads, ropes and textiles are elements of everyday life, which have reached a high technical level of development early in human history. The spinning of the yarn, one of the oldest forms of knowledge, seems to be, like the origin of every form of art, inseparable from a particular mythology. Besides their practical use, threads, nodes and tissues must have been quickly charged with symbolic meanings. This article examines the symbolism of the thread, the node and the tissue as metaphors that are sometimes connected with life and sometimes with death.
Das verhüllte Rätsel
Authors: Blümle Claudia
Published: January 2019

Das Verhältnis von Verschwinden und Erscheinen wurde in der bildenden Kunst nirgends so explizit behandelt wie im Surrealismus. Exemplarisch kann dabei Das Rätsel des Orakels von Giorgio de Chirico und The Enigma of Isidore Ducasse von Man Ray herangezogen werden. Eingerahmt von einem Manifest zur Rolle des Traums wurde Man Rays Enigma bereits auf der ersten Seite der ersten Ausgabe der Zeitschrift Le révolution surréaliste abgedruckt. Wie im Beitrag gezeigt werden soll, wird die Beziehung von Verschwinden und Erscheinen im Surrealismus nicht nur visualisiert, sondern diese wird in ihrer Struktur von Anwesenheit und Abwesenheit analytisch und zugleich sinnlich seziert.

No epoch of the visual arts has treated the relation of disappearance and appearance as explicitly as surrealism. Especially Giorgio de Chirico’s The Enigma of the Oracle and Man Ray’s The Enigma of Isidore Ducasse can be used as examples. Framed by a manifesto on the role of the dream, Man Ray’s Enigma was printed on the first page of the first issue of the journal La révolution surréaliste. In this paper I show how in surrealism, the relation of disappearance and appearance is not only visualized, but dissected in an analytical and at the same time sensual way.
A New Typology Design of Performance Metrics to Measure Errors in Machine Learning Regression Algorithms
Authors: Botchkarev Alexei
Published: January 2019

Aim/Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze various performance metrics and approaches to their classification. The main goal of the study was to develop a new typology that will help to advance knowledge of metrics and facilitate their use in machine learning regression algorithms

Background: Performance metrics (error measures) are vital components of the evaluation frameworks in various fields. A performance metric can be defined as a logical and mathematical construct designed to measure how close are the actual results from what has been expected or predicted. A vast variety of performance metrics have been described in academic literature. The most commonly mentioned metrics in research studies are Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), etc. Knowledge about metrics properties needs to be systematized to simplify the design and use of the metrics.

Methodology: A qualitative study was conducted to achieve the objectives of identifying related peer-reviewed research studies, literature reviews, critical thinking and inductive reasoning.

Contribution: The main contribution of this paper is in ordering knowledge of performance metrics and enhancing understanding of their structure and properties by proposing a new typology, generic primary metrics mathematical formula and a visualization chart

Findings: Based on the analysis of the structure of numerous performance metrics, we proposed a framework of metrics which includes four (4) categories: primary metrics, extended metrics, composite metrics, and hybrid sets of metrics. The paper identified three (3) key components (dimensions) that determine the structure and properties of primary metrics: method of determining point distance, method of normalization, method of aggregation of point distances over a data set. For each component, implementation options have been identified. The suggested new typology has been shown to cover a total of over 40 commonly used primary metrics

Recommendations for Practitioners: Presented findings can be used to facilitate teaching performance metrics to university students and expedite metrics selection and implementation processes for practitioners

Recommendation for Researchers: By using the proposed typology, researchers can streamline development of new metrics with predetermined properties

Impact on Society: The outcomes of this study could be used for improving evaluation results in machine learning regression, forecasting and prognostics with direct or indirect positive impacts on innovation and productivity in a societal sense

Future Research: Future research is needed to examine the properties of the extended metrics, composite metrics, and hybrid sets of metrics. Empirical study of the metrics is needed using R Studio or Azure Machine Learning Studio, to find associations between the properties of primary metrics and their “numerical” behavior in a wide spectrum of data characteristics and business or research requirements
Effect of Lawsonia inermis extract on the pathological changes of skin infection by Streptococcus pyogens in lab. Mice
Authors: E. A. H. Kadhum B. M. M. Al-Mehna And
Published: January 2019

In this study, the antibacterial effects of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Lawsonia inermis leaves against Streptococcus pyogenes were investigated in vitro by using agar well diffusion method and in vivo using laboratory mice by treating it with prepared ointment from these extracts & compared the effects wih Gentamicin . Results showed that both extracts demonstrated antimicrobial activity against the tested organism but the efficiency of the extracts was significantly affected by the solvent used in the extraction as well as the concentration of extract. Alcoholic extracts had the highest antibacterial activity it exhibited an inhibition zone 18.2-28.2 mm in comparison with 26.2 mm for gentamicin .A prepared ointment from alcoholic extract in a concentration 5% was tested for treatment of the experimentally infected skin of mice by S. pyogenes using scratching . The recovery period was 11 days in compared with 10 days for gentamicin. Biopsy was taken from the infected area to detect the pathological effects occurred by tested bacteria ,also biopsy was again taken after the treatment with the prepared ointment to evaluate the anti-inflammatory ,antibacterial and wound healing activity of Lawsonia inermis. Histopathological study showed after 3days from skin infection with Streptococcus pyogens hypremia, swelling, congestion and pus formation also abscessation While in treated animals with henna extracts gross skin lesions disappeare after 11 days from infection and on day 10 showed increased well organized bands of collagen, more fibroblasts and few inflammatory cells when compared with the controls which showed inflammatory cells, scanty collagen fibres and fibroblasts.
A comparative study between using of Midazolam-Ketamine and Diazepam-Ketamine combinations as anaesthetic program in sheep
Authors: Al-Redah S. A. A.
Published: January 2019

The present study was designed to compare the efficacy for using of the two anesthetics combinations (Midazolam-Ketamine and Diazepam-Ketamine). The effect of combinations on the length of surgical anesthesia, degree of flank analgesia, degree of muscle relaxation, respiratory rate, heart rate and rectal temperature were assayed in sheep.The experiment was conducted on ten apparently healthy adult sheep of either sex weighting (24-33kg). Sheep were divided in two equal groups, Diazepam (1mg/kg BW) +Ketamine (10mg/kg BW) group (D+K), Midazolam (1mg/kg BW) +Ketamine 10mg/kg BW group (M+K), was used by intramuscular injection, benzodiazepine derivative (diazepam or midazolam) injected first and then followed by ketamine 10minutes later.The following parameter were recorded at 3minutes before injection of drug and 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60 and 75 minutes (min.) respectively after administration of anaesthetic drug (Rectal Temperature , Respiratory Rate , Heart Rate , Degree of Analgesia , Degree of Muscle relaxation), the induction time, surgical anaesthesia and recovery time also were recorded.The experiment showed that the anaesthesia with Midazolam + Ketamine combination in sheep was suitable compared with Diazepam + Ketamine as it produced reliable surgical anaesthesia, good analgesia and muscle relaxation.
Diagnostic & immunological study on Aspergillus fumigatus of camels in Thi-Qar province
Authors: M. H. Hussain A.J. Na’ma, A. I. Al-Ameed, and
Published: January 2019

Fungi have an important role as an etiological factor in respiratory tract disorders in farm animals. In camels, this study was conducted to discover the immune status against Aspergillus fumigatus ; the most common fungi in the world. 90 camels were inspected and the blood was sampled from herds in Thi Qar governorate. Camels ranked in different ages, 1-10 years, and both male and female were included. The study dialed with camels suffering respiratory disorder. Serum was examined by passive hemagglutination test using the antigen of Aspergillus fumigatus isolated and prepared by (1). 16 camels were positive which present 17.8% , this result informs an important role of Aspergillus fumigatus as a cause of respiratory tract disorder in Iraqi camels
A new technique for nonsurgical embryo recovery in superovulated ewes treated with estradiol and oxytocin
Authors: Azawi O. I.
Published: January 2019

The development of an efficient and practical method for transcervical collection of embryos in Awassi ewes to the improvement of embryo recovery was investigated. Twenty-four non-pregnant Awassi ewes of 3-4 years of age were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 12). Each ewe was treated with a progesterone impregnated intra-vaginal sponge for 12 days. The following superovulation treatment was used: ewes received 1200 IU of eCG once as an intramuscular injection 48 h prior to sponge withdrawal. Ovarian response was assessed by determining the number of corpora lutea by laparoscopy at day 6 after mating. Ewes of group 1 (n = 12) their embryos were recovered using the semi-laparoscopic technique. Ewes of group 2 (n = 12) their embryos were recovered using the transcervical technique. All ewes of this group on the evening of day 5 post inseminations, received an i.m. injection of estradiol 17β 2 mg, 12h later, i.v. injection of 10 IU of oxytocin. A bovine teat dilator introduced into the cervical canal and gradually dilated in order to dilate and open the cervical canal with a help of screw provided with the instrument. Results of the present study showed that there was no significant difference in the number of recovered embryos in superovulated ewes when animals treated with estradiol and oxytocin with transcervical technique and semi-laparoscopic technique. It was possible to pass the catheter through the cervix with the aid of bovine teat dilator enhanced by estradiol and oxytocin treatment. In conclusion, the technique for transcervical collection of the embryo from ewes, as described in the present study, may give new encouragement to embryo transfer programs in this species.
Demodectic mange in Iraqi camels
Authors: M. K. Faraj M.H. Hussain, F. G. Habasha And
Published: January 2019

The survey began in December 2008 & finished in June 2009 in three governorates; Al-Qadissiya, Al-Najaf & Al-Muthanna in different locations inspecting 2412 dromedaries, we found 55 affected camels with demodectic mange, samples were carried out to detect the mange, they present 2.3% of the total inspected camels. Demodectic mange was diagnosed in 58.2% of camels ranged in 5-10 years old & 16.4% of camels more than 10 years old & 25.4% in camels less than 5 years old which indicate the high incidence in camels aged in 5-10 years.
Pathological study of Hepatic coccidiosis in naturally infected rabbits
Authors: And E. H. Al- Taee R. A.S AL- Naimi, O. H. Khalaf, S. Y. Tano
Published: January 2019

Thirty young domesticated rabbits (age 2-2.5 mo) of sexes showed clinical signs of anorexia, debilitation, diarrhea, icterus, rough hair coat and pendulous abdomen with hepatomegaly. Fecal samples were collected for demonstrated the presence of oocysts. Postmortem examination revealed the presence of discrete yellowish-white nodules of 1mm to 2 cm size on the surface and throughout the parenchyma containing a thick creamy white fluid. The histopathological changes showed biliary hyperplasia with different developmental stages of Eimeria stiedae in the epithelial cells, cholangitis and peribiliary fibrosis with newly formed bile ductules, severe congestion, and dilation of central veins and sinusoids with disruption hemorrhagic areas. The hepatocytes showed degenerative changes to necrosis with areas of fibrosis and mononuclear cell aggregation, obstructive jaundice and a tendency to form oocyst granuloma. In conclusion hepatic coccidiosis lead to severe pathological changes both in bile ducts and liver parenchyma especially in young animals.
Evaluation of some productive and reproductive crossbreeding of two different lines of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Authors: AL-Gypori M.O. A.
Published: January 2019

The study seems highly statistically significant differences (p<0.01) between the parentsof these two schools for the features (eggs number (thousand)/Kg life fish weight, Eggsweight(gm)/Kg life fish weight, Egg radius mm, body depth/ standard hergth ) showingsuccess Iraqi parents Carp on Hungarian parents, while the Hungarian parents carp success innumber of eggs(million)/Kg eggs . Also the result indicated that the in vesfigated productionparametes of the cultured hybrids for 5 month (total length, standard length, depth of body,depth of body / standard hergth , the average weight) highly significant differences (p<0.01)in new generation of cross-breeding Hungarian male Iraqi female . Otherwise the studyshowing the average daily increasing in body weight for the crossing of (Hungarian male ×Iraqi female), (Iraqi male × Hungarian female), (Iraqi male × Iraqi female) ,(Hungarian male×Hungarian female )whose breeding for 153 days was consequently as well as highlystatistically significant differences (p<0.01) in calculated average growth , more over there isno statistical significant differences in feed conventional factory between these crossing.
Isolation and identification of some microbial pollutants for some types of flavoured milk in Diwania city
Authors: Taher K.N.
Published: January 2019

Flavored milk is food commonly used by children in Iraq. It forms a dangerouschallenge to public health for children. This study was undertaken on 04 samples of flavoredmilk from different flavors and origins and includes 9 samples( for each type. Thesamples were collected randomly in Diwaniah city.During a period from may to augustdetermine the microbial load for it. All samples used in this study showed positive growth ofdifferent types of bacteria (Brucella, Listeria, aerobic total bacteria, Coliform bacteria andyeast and mold.
Epidemiological Study of Coccidiosis In Cattle of Babylon
Authors: Al-Jubory Q. J. A.
Published: January 2019

The study was conducted during the period from the beginning of (November 2011 tothe end of Maye 2012) to investigate coccidiosis in cattle in Babylon province and evaluatethe effects of season age, sex and areas on the prevalence of disease. Atotal of 310 fecalsamples was collected of cattle in Babylon province was examined for the presence of theEimeria spp, the results revealed the cattle overall percentage of infection was 56,45%.Significant difference (P<0.05) was recorded in the percentage of infection among thedifferent geographical areas of the study, the highest percent in Al-Qasim (73%) the lowestpercent in Al-Showmally (48%). The prevelance of coccidiosis during the year differedsignificantly among different months, the highest percentage was on December (81%). Thelowest percent in May (32%). Also there are a Significant effect (P<0.05) of the age and sexof caw on the percentage of infection with Eimeria spp.
Determination the therapeutiction of Datura metel leaves extract for some urinary system bacteria in rabbits (in vitro and in vivo )
Authors: Al-Mosoy H. K.
Published: January 2019

This study was designed to evaluate the effects the watery and alcoholic extracts from leaves of Datura metel in vitro to ten of pathogenic bacteria and study the watery extract toward Candida on the urinary system in rabbits. The results showed the watery and alcoholic extracts from leaves of Datura metel have antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus. aureus – Streptococcus .agylactiae ) And Gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella. pneumonia –Proteus. vulgarities – E.coli – Pseudomonas – Vibrio – Salmonella – Enterobacter ) and Candida. albicans, however, the watery extract of Datura metel were more potent than alcoholic extract against pathogenic bacteria (80%) . According to results , Candida pathogen that more sensitive toward Datura metel watery extract was choosing to injected intraperitoneally as experimental infection in laboratory animals (vivo) which cause morphological and histopathological degenerative lesion of kidney cortex and medulla tissue in addition to change of renal profile test that include blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, creatinine kinase, uric acid, in addition to Potassium. but after watery extract of Datura metel injected in these laboratory animals cause significant improvement (p≤0.01) in the value of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, creatinine kinase, and uric acid. Potassium concentration, histopathological studies confirm these results which include regeneration of degenerative lesion for medulla and kidney cortex with convoluted tubules tissue.
Pathological changes inducing by S.aureus in immunodeficiency mice immunized with Soluble Culture Filtrate S.aureus Antigens (SCFAgs)
Authors: AL-Byattee H. H. K.
Published: January 2019

In order to determine the influence of Soluble Culture Filtrate S.aureus Antigens (SCFAgs)on S.aureus infection in Mitomicin c immunosupression mice, seventy four white mice, both sex,7-8 weeks age were divided randomly into five groups.1st group(n=16 ) was immunized with 0.4ml of S.aureus CFSAgs (concentration of protein( 4.2mg/ml) ,i/p two doses, 2 weeks intervals. 2nd group(n=16) was injected with mitomycine C ,(1mg/kg B.W) I/p three time /week for 4 weeks. 3ed group (n=16) was immunized with CFSAgs as 1st group and treated with mitomycin as 2nd group. 4th group(n=10) was inoculated with (0.4ml) I/P with1X109 CFU/ML of viable virulent. S.aureus and was served as control positive group. 5th group (n=16) was inoculated with 0.5ml sterile normal saline. Cellular and humoral immune response were recorded at 28-30 day post immunization, skin test and passive heam agglutination test respectively, then all animals of immunized and treatment groups were challenge with S,aureus as control positive group. The results explained that animals treatment with MMC were died during (18) hrs post inoculation with virulent viable S.aureus with very heavy bacterial isolation, animal of control positive group were died at( 24)hrs post infection with heavy bacterial isolation The results revealed that immunization with CFSAgs elicited both humoral and cellular immune responses, the level values of both arms of immune response were lower animal treatment with MMC, Severe pathological lesions were seen in examined organs of control positive group but these lesions are more extensive in animal treatment with MMC. The main lesions in examined organs of these animals are suppurative inflammation ,congestion ,apoptosis and necrosis.. We conclusion that MMC induce immunosuppression condition and immunization with CFSAgs can improve the immune responses in the animals that are suffering from immunosuppression.
Udder preparation and its effect on udder cleanliness and milk quality
Authors: AL- Hubaety A. K.
Published: January 2019

Total bacterial count was performed in eighty milk samples and eighty udder swabs collected from 20 cows, to compare the effect of treating udders with wet towel washing (55-60C0), followed by paper towel drying; three concentrations of Iodophre and Hibitane followed by paper towel drying and two concentrations of potassium permanganate followed by paper towel drying with non-treated udders .Results showed that Log10 of CFU/ swab of untreated udders was significantly (p≤ 0.05) differ from those swab samples when udder was treated with wet towel washing (55-60C0), followed by paper towel drying. By using iodophor, there was in asignificant (p≤ 0.05) reduction in the Log10 of CFU/ swab after udder treatment with all used concentrations of iodophor, and there was also proportional reduction in the Log10 CFU/ swab with each increase in the Iodophor concentration (0.1:100, 0.5:100 and 1:100) respectively. The same picture was gained by using Hibitane at concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% as Iodophre. Potassium permanganate treatments with its two concentrations showed significant differences in Log10 /swab of udder before and after treatments and between its two concentrations 0.5:1000 and 1:1000.Total bacterial count of milk samples were a mirror of swab samples. From results it is evident that chemical disinfectants or hot water were effective in reducing udder contamination before milking.
Separation of Y-chromosome Bearing Ram’s Sperms using an Albumin Gradient Technique and Identification of Embryos by PCR
Authors: Hadi S.
Published: January 2019

Several advantages have been suggested for producing sexed sperms including using fewer and genetically superior female animals for replacement.Four hundred active ovaries collected from the slaughter house of Al-shu'alah, the number and type of oocytes, ratios of maturation and fertilization shown that there was a significant difference in the numbers of oocytes (P<0.05) between right and left ovaries. A high recovery rate was obtained of good oocyte (Grade A) 42.35% (432/1020), fair oocyte (Grade B) 37.54% (383/1020) followed by and poor oocyte (Grade C) 17.84% (182/1020). There was a significant difference (P<0.05) between the 3 different grades. grades A and B oocytes, (815/1020) 79.9% of recovered oocytes were cultured. Maturation rate was 86.38% (704/815).Y- Bearing sperms separation applied by using procedure of the modified albumin technique; either one (8%) or two layers (8 and 16%) of BSA (M1, and M2) at 200, 300 or 400 xg, then used for in vitro fertilization.The in vitro fertilization rate observed was 21.8% (132/604) of matured oocytes by choosing universal primers from sequences that are highly conserved in the X and Y chromosomes, sex-specific sequences were successfully amplified in embryonic lysates. Bovine serum albumin sexed sperms result in more percentage of male embryos by using one layer of BSA ( 8%) at 200 × g (M1a) and 300× g (M1b) which were 72.7% and 54.5% respectively, and shows a deviation (p<0.05) from the 50% expected percentage for male and female embryos. While using two layer of BSA (16% and 8% BSA) at the 200 × g (M2a) and at 300× g (M2b) were 81.8% and 63.6% respectively. When we compare the rate of male embryos produced from IVF by sperms isolated by two layers of BSA (M2a, and M2b), moderate results obtained with M2b (63.6%) while the best results were with M2a separation protocol (81.8%).
Sperms biometry of local Iraqi Awassi Rams
Authors: Naoman U. D.
Published: January 2019

This study was designed to estimate of sperms biometry in local Iraqi Awassi rams. Five mature rams of 2.5-4 years old and 37-44 Kg live body weight were used in this study. Semen collection was performed by using an artificial vagina. Semen samples were evaluated immediately after collection of total 30 ejaculates. Semen volume and color, mass and individual sperms motility, live and abnormal sperms, as well as sperms concentration, were estimated. sperms biometry calculated by using phase contrast microscope and occulo-micrometer lens. Semen biometry means which estimated in this study were; sperms head length 9.62± 1.2 microns, sperms head width 5.32± 2.5 microns, acrosome length 6.10 ± 2.4 microns, head base width 2.54 ± 1.8 microns, midpiece length 11.92 ± 3.6, midpiece width 2.21 ± 0.8 microns, tail length 50. 62 ± 2.1 microns.
Pathological changes inducing by Brucella mellitensis in mice immunized with Culture Filtrate Brucella mellitensis Antigens (SCFAgs) and chitosan
Authors: ALnashy A. M. M.
Published: January 2019

In order to determine the influence of Culture Filtrate Brucella mellitensis Antigens (CFAgs) on B. mellitensis infection in chatosan immunostimulater mice, sixty for white mice, both sex,7-8 weeks age were divided randomly into for groups.1st group(n=16 ) was immunized with 0.4ml of CFSAgs B. mellitensis (concentration of protein( 4.2mg/ml) ,i/p two doses, 2 weeks intervals. 2nd group(n=16) was feed on diet supplement with chitosan ,(1mg/kg B.W) 4 weeks. group. 3ed group(n=1) was inoculated with (0.4ml) I/P with1X109 CFU/ML of viable virulent B. mellitensis and was served as control positive group. 4th group (n=16) was inoculated with 0.5ml sterile normal saline. Cellular and humoral immune response were recorded at 28-30 day post immunization, skin test and passive heam agglutination test respectively, then all animals of immunized and feed chatosan groups were challenge with B. mellitensis as control positive group. The results explained that dead for animals in cotral positive during 15 days post inoculation with virulent viable B. mellitensi with very heavy bacterial isolation, from animal of control positive group post infection The results revealed that immunization with CFSAgs elicited both humoral and cellular immune responses, the level values of both arms of immune response also result reveald that immunization with CFSAgs + chatosan elicited both humoral and cellular immune responses higher than other group , Severe pathological lesions were seen in examined organs of control positive group but these lesions are mild or few in animal immunization with CFSAgs + chatosan. The main lesions in examined organs of these animals are suppurative inflammation ,small grnulomma .. We conclusion that immunization with CFSAgs + chatosan can improve the immune responses in the animals that are suffering from Brucella mellitensis infection
Potential galactogogues effect of Silymarin: An experimental study in female rats
Authors: Mohammed B. I.
Published: January 2019

The study aimed to evaluate the galactogogues effect of Silymarin in pregnant and lactating female rats. A total of 72 pregnant female Wistar rats randomly divided into 3 groups (24 rats of each). Rats in first group used as control, received drinking water daily for 14 days from 8th day of gestation till the delivery, while the animals in second group, received Metoclopramide (5mg\kg\day) as the same period. In addition to Silymarin group (treatment group) received Silymarin (200 mg\kg\day) as the same period. Dams’ body weights have been monitored throughout the pregnancy. At the first day of parturition, litter weights have been measured, and (8) animals of each groups were sacrificed, blood sample were collected to measure the serum prolactin level. In addition, the litters were allocated in to (8) litters per lactated dam. Then each group sub divided in to two sub groups A and B according to continue or discontinue of received drugs, for 11days from parturition. Silymarin in a dose (200mg\kg) was significantly increase litters body weight and serum prolactin level in pregnant female rat (p< 0.05) in compared with control and Metoclopramide groups. Silymarin and Metoclopramide during the eleventh day of lactation registered significant differences (P<0.05) in their serum prolactin concentration, litters weight gain compared with that stopped in receiving the treatment in the same group, whereas control subgroups revealed no significant (P>0.05) differences when compared with each other. It can be concluded that Silymarin has potential glactogoguse effect and enhance milk production
Histopathological changes and immunosuppression induce by diazepam in mice
Authors: Ali A. H.
Published: January 2019

In order to investigate the histological changes and immunosuppression effects of diazepam in mice, forty white mice of both sexes were divided into four groups equally. 1st group was immunized twice with pasturella multocida (bacterines) with two weeks intervals. 2nd group was immunized as in the 1st group and at same time administrated orally with 0.6 mg\kg b.w of diazepam daily for 8 weeks. 3rd group was administrated with diazepam as in the 2nd group while 4th group was served as control negative group. Immunological examination revealed that the diazepam inducing depresses of the both arms of immune response, the cell mediated immunity and humeral immunity as comparing with vaccinated non-treatment animals. The pathological examination revealed that the diazepam induced large multiple granulomatous liver lesions consist form aggregation mononuclear cells particularly macrophages and lymphocytes. In addition, section of kidney showed marked inflammatory cells infiltration particularly mononuclear cells and neutrophils in the interstitial tissues was seen. In spleen there was congestion of blood vessels with mononuclear cells in their lumen and depletion of white pulp as well as proliferation of megakaryocytes, in addition to gliosis in the brain parenchyma was seen. The immunized animals showed mild pathological changes characterized by aggregation mononuclear cells around central vein in addition to proliferation of kupffer cells, Spleen show proliferation of lymphocytes in the periartiriolar sheath as well as protein aqueous materials deposition around white pulp. We concluded that diazepam induced Histological changes in the internal organs of mice and stimulated the immune response diminished its toxic effects.
Macroscopic study of syrinx in the common bulbul (Pycnontus barbatus) and indigenous pigeon (Columba domestica)
Authors: AL-badri A. M.S.
Published: January 2019

In this study, syrinx of five male common bulbuls (Pycnontus barbatus) weighing (25.93 ±0.89 g) and five male indigenous pigeons (Columba domestica) weighing (286±0.73 g) were examined for macroscopic structure. The results showed the anatomical positions of the syrinx. The syrinx was observed ventral to the esophagus exactly on the base of heart in the common bulbul, whilst in pigeon; the syrinx was hidden by the heart. The morphological structure of the syrinx in both species could be classified as tracheobronchial type. The number of tracheo-syringeal rings could not be determined certainly in common bulbul, while in the pigeon, tracheo-syringeal part was composed of the two cartilaginous rings (T1 and T2). These two cartilaginous rings were different in diameters and joined each other at the middle. In the common bulbul, tympanum which is the middle part of syrinx has the bilateral bulla; while tympanum of pigeon does not have bulla. Furthermore, the broncho-syringeal cartilages from the caudal part of a syrinx, which is composed of five C-shaped rings in both species. The caudal syringeal part of common bulbul has intrabronchial foramen, which absents in a pigeon.
Evaluation the effect of placenta on some clinical biochemical parameters during different reproductive periods in New Zealand white female rabbits
Authors: AL-bdeery A. H. J.
Published: January 2019

The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different reproductive periods on some biochemical parameters (ALP, ALT, AST and GGT) in New Zealand white female rabbits. The study was carried out in the animal house of the college of veterinary medicine in Al- Qadisyia university on 21 female New Zealand white rabbits, the animals were divided to 3 groups each group contain 7 rabbits: group A as control non-pregnant rabbits, group B were pregnant rabbits and final group C were lactating female rabbits. Fresh blood samples (4 ml) were collected and centrifuged to obtained serum, then Reflotron apparatus was used for estimation of some enzymes (ALP,ALT, AST and GGT) in all groups of the experiment. The results of group A revealed that the means of (ALP, ALT, AST and GGT) were (44.54, 45.52, 20.74 and 6.08) U/L respectively, while the means of enzyme levels in group B were (105.9, 48.08, 22.68 and 6.8) U/L respectively, and the means of enzyme levels in group C were (49.9, 46.21, 21.84 and 6.72) U/L respectively. The levels of ALP in group B showed a significant increase (P<0.01) as compared with A and C groups, while there no significant increment among sera of three groups levels of (ALT, AST, and GGT).
Effect of alcoholic extract of Apium graveolens leaves on some physiological properties of a broilers
Authors: Al – Gnami S. A.
Published: January 2019

This study was carried out on fourteen broilers arranged between (1100 – 1500) gm. in weight to estimate the effect of drenching of alcoholic extract of Apium graveolens leaves on some physiological properties. The birds were divided into two groups which are control and treatment group seven birds for each group. The birds in both groups are housed in the same condition, include temperature, light, food, and water during the experiment period. The control group savaged with 1 ml of distilled water while treatment group savaged with 10 mg\kg. B.W. of alcoholic extract of Apium graveolens leaves dissolved in 1 ml of distilled water for two weeks. The birds were weighed and a blood sample was taken two times before and after treatment. The results of this study were revealed a significant increase in red blood cells count, hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume, while there is no significant changes in white blood cells count, and body weight.
Anatomical and histological study of esophagus in (Lorasmelonocephalus) at Basrah city
Authors: Ali M.A .
Published: January 2019

The study carried out on (10) esophagus specimens of healthy seagull birds (Lorasmelonocaphalus). The length of the esophagus (both the cervical and the thoracic parts) was found 2.85±0.3 cm. The esophagus was situated between the oropharynx and glandular part of the stomach. It was a thin-walled and elastic muscular tube. The histological examination showed that it was composed of four layers. The first layer lined by stratified squamous keratinized epithelium which based on lamina properia that contain mucous glands in the thoracic part of the esophagus while the second layer the submucosal layer consists of mucous gland followed by muscularis layers which consist of two layers, circular inner layer and longitudinal external layer based on the serosal layer.
Mycotic mastitis in sheep
Authors: Hassan Biader Husain , Kshash Qassim Haleem
Published: January 2019

The study was aimed to investigate the mycotic mastitis in sheep during the period from October 2011 to May 2012 in different areas of Al-Diwaniya province. 253 ewes were examined, and from which 500 milk samples were collected (495 samples from apparently healthy ewes that examined by California Mastitis Test (CMT ) in addition to five samples from sheep infected with clinical mastitis) for isolation and identification of yeasts and molds adopted the method of culturing on Seaboard Dextrose and Corn meal agar in addition to Chrome agar and biochemical tests as well as specific yeast kits (Integral system yeast plus) for diagnosing the mycotic agents. Results indicated that the incidence of mastitis in ewes was 17.8%, while the percentage of mycotic mastitis was 9.4%, (0.4% and 9% of clinical and subclinical forms respectively). Yeasts were isolated and identified grossly by colony shape, size, and color, and by biochemical testing which represents 9.61% of the fungal causes, and the yeasts isolates were Candida famata and Rhodotorula rubra from the clinical cases of mastitis only. Molds 90.38% also were isolated, as a high isolate of Aspergillus niger 28.84%, Aspergillus flavus 23%, Aspergillus fumigates 17.30%, Penicillium spp 13.33%, Aspergillus terrus 5.76%, and the least percentage of isolation 3.84% was of the Fusarium spp.
Prevalence of Theileriosis in sheep in Wasit province
Authors: Dhaim Yas A.
Published: January 2019

The present study was arranged between October 2012 to June 2013 in Wasit province. A total of 500 blood samples of sheep were collected: (450 of clinically suspected sheep with theileriosis (359 females and 91 males), and 50 of healthy animals as a control group (35 females and 15 males). Theileria parasite was seen in two forms rod and ring from inside the RBCs in blood smears stained with Giemsa stain. Results of microscopical examination of blood smears show that 22.8 % of suspected animals were infected with Theileriosis with significant differences at (p<0.05), and most of these cases were in chronic forms. The results revealed that there was no effect of sex on the rate of infection, while most of the infection was showed among those animals with age equal or more than three years (26.6 %), in addition to the infection was seen concentrated in hot months of study.
Detection of bovine rotavirus in diarrheic calves by using rapid test in some Mid-Euphrates provinces
Authors: Hassan Hahmed Abass , Kshash Qassim Haleem , Mansour Kalefa Ali
Published: January 2019

The study was aimed to determine the Rotavirus infection rates in diarrheic calves and effectiveness of some epidemiological factors on that rate in some provinces in Mid–Euphrates region in Iraq (Babylon, Al-Najaf, Karbala, Al-Qadisyia provinces). A total of 530 calves aged between 1-60 day were examined and fifty fecal (50) samples were collected from diarrheic calves only within six months period from November-2012 to April -2013. The fecal samples were examined for the presence of rotavirus by rapid rotavirus test (screening test), as well as the clinical examination for these diarrheic calves were done. The rapid test demonstrated that the rotavirus infection rate was 18/50 (36%). A 45.4% of rotavirus infection was found in calves less than 30 days of age which was significantly higher than 28.5% calves (30-60) days old. Male and female (37.5%, 40% respectively) were seen infected without any significant differences. The main clinical signs observed on rotavirus diarrheic calves were include, watery voluminous diarrhea with profound weakness and mild depression, so as temperature, respiration, heart rates could be decreased and appetite was changeable towards loss or anorectic. In Babylon, the highest rotavirus infection rate was recorded at 60%, and fewer rates in Karbala 20% and 40%, 33% in AL-Najaf and AL-Qadisyia provinces respectively. The rotavirus infection rate in diarrheic calves was affected by months significantly, which it was higher at January 75%, so as in November 50%, December 40% and February 33.3%, but not recorded in March and April.
Babesiosis of small ruminants in Sulaimani city Kurdistan – Iraq
Authors: Abdullah Shadan Hassan
Published: January 2019

Babesiosis was studied in sheep and goats in Sulaimani city, Kurdistan -Iraq from June to September 2012. A total of 160 blood samples (135 of sheep and 25 of goats) were collected from different farms. Giemsa stained blood smears were applied to study babesiosis, also ticks were collected from external animals body surfaces. Results of this study showed that Babesia species was recorded among the small ruminants as 92/160 (57.5 %), 76/135 (56.3%) of these from sheep and 16/25 (64%) of goats. Statistically, there are no significant differences between sheep and goats infection by Babesia species at (P< 0.05). According to the morphological characters four Babesia species were recorded in the study which was B. ovis, B. motasi, B. foliata, and B. taylori. One species of tick Hyalomma anatolicum was seen
Sub Cutanuous Hemangiosarcoma in Sheep in Basrah Province
Authors: Hussein R. M. N.
Published: January 2019

Subcutaneous tumor in a domestic lamb,2 weeks old, and the tumor was surgically removed, a histopathological diagnosis confirmed to be hemangiosarcoma. It appeared low-grade malignancy, after the surgical operation, the animal is in good condition, no signs of a recurrent tumor.
Histopathological Study of Endometritis of the cows
Authors: Rhyaf A. Gh.
Published: January 2019

The present study was designed to investigate histopathological changes of endometritis in cows. 32 specimens of uteri of normal cows were collected from AL-Diwanyia slaughterhouse during 3 months twice weekly. All these specimens were cut and prepared for histopathological sections, then stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain and it examined under a light microscope, the result showed hyperplasia of the epithelial layer of the uterus, severe infiltration of inflammatory cells, atrophy of uterine glands with hemorrhage and serious edema in the uterine tissue in some cases.