bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protecting Your Digital Life From Cyber Threats and Vulnerabilities
Authors: Bharathi M. , Sandhyakumari G. , Madhurima V. , Tabassum Saleha , Kumar N. Ashok , Neelima Koppla
Published: December 2024

Cyber hygiene is a crucial aspect of cyber security that involves taking necessary measures to protect your digital assets from cyber threats. It involves understanding the various risks, threats, vulnerabilities, and sources of cyber attacks. Cyber threats can arise from different sources, including human error, software vulnerabilities, weak network configurations, and cybercriminals. Examples of cyber threats include phishing attacks, malware, social engineering attacks[1], and ransom ware. These threats can cause significant harm, ranging from financial loss to reputational damage, and identity theft. A digital footprint is all the information that an individual leaves behind online, which can be used to target them for cyber-attacks. Risks associated with digital footprints include cyber stalking, harassment, and identity theft. Establishing good cyber hygiene involves following best practices such as using security software, changing passwords regularly, securing your Wi-Fi network, using privacy settings, and being alert to cyber threats.
Uncovering Hidden Threats in IoT-Centered Cloud Technology
Authors: Hariharasitaraman S. , Mishra Nilamadhab , Bhanpurkar Ajinkya , Rout Saroja Kumar , Natarajan Arul Kumar
Published: December 2024

The current study comprehensively investigates Hardware Trojans testing in the cloud using both traditional methods and machine learning models. It highlights the challenge posed by the uniqueness of each Hardware Trojan and emphasizes the need for reliable solutions. The study recommends using machine learning models with feature extraction to detect patterns in different Hardware Trojans. However, the study also identifies limitations in the existing models, including reliance on the XGBoost algorithm. The study explores hybrid mechanisms and newer languages, such as LightBGM, for model development as potential areas for further research. The study also underscores the significance of addressing security concerns in Hidden threats in IoT-based Cloud technology.
Unethical Design in TikTok and Its Connection to Surveillance Capitalism and Collective Intelligence
Authors: Pérez Eva Abajo
Published: December 2024

In an increasingly digitalized world, social media has transformed communication and information consumption, but it has also raised ethical concerns regarding privacy and mental health, particularly among young people. The study of TikTok, one of the most popular platforms, offers an opportunity to examine how addictive design captures users' attention, while surveillance capitalism commodifies their data. This analysis highlights the need for ethical design, promoting practices that prioritize transparency and user well-being.
Sustainable Development and Systems Approach
Authors: Ağraş Süleyman , Çelikyay Hicran Hamza
Published: December 2024

The system approach, described as the science of the whole, has been transferred from the physical sciences to the field of social sciences, and the concepts it proposes and the perspective it offers have been used in many fields from sociology to political science. Modern approaches within organizational theories offer a very broad perspective that explains organizations and the environment in which they exist, and at the point of sustainability and understandability of organizations. It has provided an enriching perspective to the organizational literature with concepts such as environment, parameter, variable and entropy. Organizations were seen as open social systems, and it was emphasized that the solution to the problems faced by organizations required a system perspective.
Sustainable Development and Resource Dependence Theory
Authors: Balcıoğlu Merve
Published: December 2024

The Resource Dependency Theory, which proposes that organizations are dependent on external resources to sustain their existence and therefore develop mutual dependency and power relations with their external environment, is a management approach that explains the competitive strategies of these organizations and their relationships with the environment. In addition, the concept of sustainability, which means considering future generations in the use of resources, encourages organizations to develop new perspectives on developing sustainable competitive strategies by taking social responsibility into account. It is thought that RDT strategies can provide important perspectives in achieving the sustainability goals of organizations. The aim of this study is to provide a theoretical discussion on how key concepts and strategies of RDT can be utilized in the realization of SDGs. The basic principles of the theory can be applied to understand how organizations, nations and other actors interact with and rely on critical resources to achieve each SDG.
Sustainable Development and Transaction Cost Theory
Authors: Tirali Furkan
Published: December 2024

Sustainable Development and Transaction Cost Theory has analysed, how to manage the resources and costs of companies and organizations. It also defines that how does it affect business and decisions in long term and short term. Sustainable tourism has managed the resources. On the other hands sustainable development addressed as “environmental action and environmental discourse.” Sustainability in business practices can be explained by combining economic and environmental policies and utilizing both financial and non-financial information. Transactional cost theory ensures the economic growth of business. It explains the costs of the product or service which are necessary to change or not. It also focuses on economical productivity and reducing the costs. Transaction cost aims to minimize the costs and maximize the transaction performance. Organisations that are focuses on the process costs in the areas of long term value.
Bureaucracy Theory for Sustainable Development and the Convergence Problematic
Authors: Tosun Yasin , Yoldas Cemre
Published: December 2024

This study examines the impact of bureaucratic structures on institutional performance and sustainable development through the lens of Max Weber's Bureaucracy Theory, analysing how the core components of bureaucracy—hierarchy, rules and regulations, specialisation, and administrative efficiency—affect economic growth and sustainability. Utilising the Nahar-Inder method and Fourier series to capture the effects of crises, the study explores convergence patterns among countries with varying levels of bureaucratic quality. The findings suggest that certain aspects of bureaucracy, such as administrative efficiency and specialisation, are positively associated with sustainable development outcomes. At the same time, excessive hierarchy and over-regulation may have detrimental effects. Additionally, the study provides evidence of conditional convergence in sustainable development performance, indicating that countries with initially lower bureaucratic quality tend to experience faster improvement when adopting targeted reforms.
Institutional Complexity in Terms of Sustainable Development
Authors: Ağaoğlu Nida , Sağlam Esra
Published: December 2024

Complexity theory emerged as an alternative to the traditional economic system based on Newtonian thinking. After 1980, with globalization, economic systems have become more complex and it has become necessary to adapt to this complex system in order to be competitive. The global value chain is important in understanding institutional complexity. The global value chain is important in both institutional complexity and sustainable development, and there is no study that examines these three concepts together. In this framework, it is aimed to contribute to the literature and provide a source for future studies. In this study, institutional complexity theory is investigated for Turkey in terms of sustainable development. Since the complexity theory describes a non-linear system, the analysis was made with a non-linear model. STAR model was used and analyzed with R program. Twenty-four different non-linear regressions were used to investigate the relationship between each other and there is both long and short-run causality between sustainable development and institutional complexity.
Social Change and Sustainability
Authors: Katono Isaac Wasswa
Published: December 2024

Everrett Hagen (1957, 1963) criticizes economic theory for neglecting the role of cultural values in explaining technological progress, economic development and eventually social change. His theory argues that cultural values, social structure and psychological motivations constrain the transition of a traditional society toward (continuing economic development) technological progress. The current study, premised on Hagen's model of social change examines the role the above factors play in the development of entrepreneurship in a collective emerging market context, Uganda. While some individuals manage to overcome such barriers and set up profitable enterprises in this country, some of these participate in unsustainable business practices putting entrepreneurship in this country on the defensive as the well-being of present and future generations is threatened by their activities. Some recommendations to mitigate some of the constraints toward technological change and unsustainable entrepreneurship are provided.
Sustainable Organizational Management in Relevant Environmental Issues and Environmental Concerns
Authors: Vargas-Hernandez José G. , Gonzàlez-Àvila Francisco J. , Vargas-Gonzàlez Omar C. , Castañeda-Burciaga Selene , Guirette-Barbosa Omar
Published: December 2024

This study has the purpose to analyze some relevant environmental issues and environmental concerns that are implied and affected by the sustainability organizational management. The analysis departs from the assumption that sustainability organizational management has critical and relevant implications on any issue and environmental concerns in every dimension of organizational settings. The method employed is the meta-analysis descriptive and metacognition reflective based on an extensive conceptual, theoretical and empirical literature review. The analysis concludes that all dimensions and elements for effective sustainability organizational management are related to quantify organizational performance, addressing environmental concerns and environmental issues of stakeholders on achieving the objectives.
Application of Critical Management Studies (CSM) on Sustainable Development Practices
Authors: Dişci Tolga
Published: December 2024

Critical Management Studies (CMS), as in Critical Theory, follows a historical-contextual interpretation of reality as opposed to Mainstream Management Theory, which is based on a positivist reflection of what exists. In this context, CMS is an appropriate tool for examining the nature of “development” in order to reveal externalities and their social impacts that are not included in the current paradigm. In this study, based on the Green Deal, Emission Trading System (ETS) and Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) -which are the main economic instruments of the practices implemented in the European Union (EU) within the scope of studies on the ecological pillar of sustainable development today- the impact of new institutionalizations on Türkiye through EU-Türkiye bilateral trade is examined based on the CMS. In this direction, it is aimed to reveal the externalities that emerge and are expected to emerge in the activities of the institutions in Türkiye within the scope of sustainable development and EU rules.
Enhancing Machine Tool Housing Design through Ultra High-Performance Concrete
Authors: Ganieva Khayriniso , Narzullaeva Firuza , Davlatova Mukhayyo , Ziyoeva Dilnoza , Saidov Alisher
Published: December 2024

Machine tool housing design is pivotal in optimizing manufacturing processes, focusing on functionality, ease of assembly, and alignment precision. Current materials face challenges in static, dynamic, and thermal behaviors, impacting machining quality. The properties of ultra high-performance concrete (UHPC) such as high strength, low porosity, and corrosion resistance make it ideal for machine tool applications, promising increased precision and efficiency while reducing material costs and labor. Its recyclability adds environmental benefits. Incorporating UHPC in machine tool structures, including hybrid materials like Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP), achieves superior static, dynamic, and thermal stability. Experimental results demonstrate UHPC’s compressive strengths (17,000-22,000 psi), surpassing conventional materials, and its ability to enhance machine tool performance and sustainability. This research highlights UHPC as a transformative material for resilient, precise, and eco-friendly manufacturing solutions.
Enhancing CNC Machining Tool Path Planning through Reinforcement Learning and Optimization Techniques
Authors: Tuyboyov Oybek , Baydullayev Azamat , Jeltuxin Andrey , Muxiddinov Zayniddin
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of various methodologies and techniques aimed at enhancing tool path planning in CNC machining. It discusses differential vector optimization for generating smooth trajectories, kinematic constraint adjustment to optimize cycle time and minimize cornering errors, and equidistant tool path planning for curved freeform surfaces. Additionally, the paper delves into the integration of reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms, such as dynamic search strategies and deep RL models, to optimize tool path planning. Results showcase significant improvements in convergence rates, learning efficiency, and navigation performance with RL algorithms. Moreover, the synergy between RL and traditional optimization methods, like Artificial Potential Field theory, is highlighted, showing promise in addressing challenges in static workspaces. The paper also discusses the evolution of deep RL techniques over time, suggesting continual advancements in optimizing tool path planning. Overall, the findings underscore the critical role of advanced planning algorithms and RL techniques in enhancing CNC machining processes, paving the way for further advancements in manufacturing efficiency and accuracy.
Numerical Investigation of Thermal Cooling Performance of Prismatic Lithium-Ion Battery Pack for Electric Vehicle
Authors: Srithai Sittichai , Pisitsungkakarn Sumol Sae Heng , Sriariyakul Weera , Prusomboon Thagoon , Ditdanai Phattadol , Sikhant Apisith
Published: December 2024

At present, the electric vehicles have an increasingly important role in both personal cars and public transportation because of reducing carbon dioxide emissions, that is the main reason of the global warming. The important energy source for all types of electric vehicles is battery. In this paper, the thermal cooling of lithium-ion battery pack with 4 rectangular prismatic battery cells is investigated in flow simulation. The performance of battery convection is simulated within the wind tunnel. The mass flow rate is controlled at 40, 80, and 120 g/s. The temperature distribution of the battery surface and the outlet air is analyzed from three parameters: the battery cell spacing of 5, 10, and 15 mm, the battery cells arrangement in three angles of 0, 60, and 150 from the wind direction, and the discharge rates of 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 C. The results indicate that the battery cells have the lowest surface temperature at 15 mm of the battery cell spacing. The angle of the battery pack placement increases, resulting in the Wake Vortex Turbulence and heat dissipation from the battery cells. It is also suitable to design the battery base for installation. In addition, the mass flow rates and discharge rates are analyzed together. the results show that the surface of battery cells and the outlet air have the highest temperature at the discharge rate of 1.00 C, and the airflow rate of 40 g/s.
Analysis and Design of G+5 Residential Building Resting on Single Column Using STAAD.Pro and RCDC Softwares
Authors: Vamsikrishna Ila , Amrutha S. , Kumar S. Raj , Manikanta S. Nikhil , Kumar K. , Rohith D.
Published: December 2024

This study presents a streamlined approach to the structural analysis and design of a single column building, employing two prominent engineering software tools: STAAD Pro for structural analysis and RCDC for the design of reinforced concrete elements. The research focuses on a model that utilizes a central supporting column to maximize space and enhance architectural flexibility, a concept gaining traction in modern urban development for its efficiency and aesthetic potential. Through STAAD Pro, the study conducts a detailed structural analysis to assess the load distribution, displacement, and stress factors affecting the single column, considering dynamic and static loads to simulate real-world conditions. Following the analysis, RCDC is used to design the reinforcement details of the column, ensuring it meets the required strength, durability, and compliance with relevant building codes and standards. The findings illustrate the effectiveness of integrating STAAD Pro and RCDC in optimizing the structural integrity and sustainability of single column buildings, demonstrating their viability in contemporary architectural design and construction. This study contributes valuable insights into the application of advanced software tools in structural engineering, highlighting their role in facilitating innovative building solutions.
Resuscitative Thoracotomy After Thoracic Gunshot Wound
Authors: Kugapiragash R. , Ranathunga R. M. A. S. N.
Published: December 2024

Thoracic gunshot injuries present with variable manifestations, and treatment differs accordingly. The mortality rate following a cardiac gunshot injury is approximately 80%. Clamshell thoracotomy for thoracic injuries is an uncommon procedure performed in emergency settings. Survival rates following emergency thoracotomy are notably low: 9%–12% for penetrating trauma and 1%–2% for blunt trauma. This case report details the experience of a 31-year-old male who presented with hemorrhagic shock and respiratory compromise following a gunshot wound to the back of the chest. Despite initial resuscitation efforts, including rapid sequence intubation, bilateral chest tube insertion, and activation of a massive blood transfusion protocol, the patient developed cardiopulmonary arrest. An AMPLE history could not be obtained. A resuscitative clamshell thoracotomy was performed in the "R Room" with minimal resources. Intraoperative findings included a defect greater than 1 cm in the ascending aorta and a rupture of the left ventricle. Two-handed open cardiac massage was performed, a Foley catheter was used to occlude the larger cardiac defect, and manual compression was applied to the ascending aorta to achieve hemostasis. Despite these maneuvers and 25 minutes of resuscitation, including intravenous adrenaline and intravenous noradrenaline infusion, the patient succumbed to massive bleeding. This case underscores the challenges and limited efficacy of resuscitative measures in severe thoracic trauma with significant cardiovascular involvement.
Seasonal Trend Analysis of Humidity using Multi-Method Detection Techniques of Silchar, Assam (1986-2022)
Authors: Ray D. , Roy T. D. , Chakrabarty J. , Laskar S. I.
Published: December 2024

This study explores the extended form of methodologies for trend detection in meteorological time series, focusing on one of the critical climatic variables, Humidity, which is collected from Silchar station of Assam, India. To assess the presence and magnitude of trends, a comprehensive approach is adopted, employing the Mann-Kendall (M-K) test, its modified version, and Sen’s slope estimation, alongside the Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA) tech-nique. These methods together offer a robust framework for detecting and quantifying trends in the dataset. The monthly data of 37 years from 1986-2022 at 3 pm and at12 pm has been processed to find out the variability of humidity for which M-K test, modified M-K test and ITA method with trend magnitude and slopes is adopted to check the seasonal variation of humidity at 3 pm and 12 pm. Based on the statistical outcomes derived from the three trend detection methods and their corresponding visualizations, the analysis reveals both increasing and decreasing trends in humidity across different seasons includes a significant trend in humidity measurements has been identified during the winter, monsoon, and postmonsoon seasons at 3 PM, with a corresponding pattern similarly apparent in the monsoon season 12 PM observations. These variations are observed in the humidity values recorded at both 3 pm and 12 pm, highlighting a seasonal divergence in humidity pat-terns, with certain periods exhibiting rising rates, while others demonstrate declining or no trends.
Detection of β - Thalassemia Carriers using Data Mining Techniques
Authors: Subasinghe G. K. , Chandrasekara N. V. , Premawardhena A. P.
Published: December 2024

Thalassemia, a genetic blood disorder, presents a significant challenge in Sri Lanka due to its high prevalence. Traditional methods of identifying tha-lassemia carriers, such as genetic and blood testing, are both costly and time-consuming, and potentially not available for certain demographic groups. However, there haven’t been many studies done on the efficacy of data mining models for thalassemia carrier detection, therefore the field is still in its in fancy. As such, evaluating their accuracy and utility in clinical practice is crucial. This study aims to develop a time-efficient model to detect the β-thalassemia carriers, which can reduce the time to take a decision and develop the built model as a decision support tool. Eight blood parameters - includ-ing RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, and HbA2 were selected based on literature. Two model-fitting approaches were introduced, each un-der different data selection methods: Method 1: Model fitting before handling the class imbalance problem and Method 02: Model fitting with random over-sampling technique. Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) models were utilized for β-thalassemia carrier detection. Method 2 exhibited superior performance, especially with the PNN Model 2, achieving an impressive 98.75% overall classification accuracy. Moreover, the implemented PNN Model 2 could be utilized as an efficient decision-support tool, offering both time and cost savings in identifying β-thalassemia carriers. Nonetheless, for further investigation, consulting a medical expert is recommended.
Impact of Hepatic Dysfunction on Mortality among Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients: An Inhospital Observational Study
Authors: Shetty Shiran , Vasireddy Anila , Raghu Roshini , Musunuri Balaji , Kudru Chandrashekar Udyavara
Published: December 2024

Background:

In the modern-day pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), gastrointestinal (GI) and hepatic manifestations and associated comorbidities are recognized to have poor prognostication in patients with COVID-19. In our present study, we aim to study the frequency of GI manifestations and hepatic dysfunction and to assess for prognostication among hospitalized patients of COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective cross-sectional study of hospitalized patients of COVID-19 in a tertiary teaching hospital in South India. Clinical data regarding their GI symptoms and hepatic dysfunction, associated comorbidities, severity of disease, and clinical outcome were recorded.

Results:

A total of 1006 patients were included in the study. Severe COVID-19 was seen in 23.3% of the patients, mortality rate of 14.5%. GI manifestations were seen in 17.7% of all, the most common being vomiting (7.1%) and abdominal pain (6.9%). Hepatic dysfunction is seen in 46.5% of COVID-19 patients, which was associated with severity and mortality. However, GI manifestations were not associated with severity and mortality.

Conclusion:

The occurrence of GI manifestations was common. Hepatic dysfunction was seen more frequently among COVID-19 patients and associated with severity and mortality.
The Role of Lifestyle Modifications in Preventing and Managing Systemic Hypertension: Current Guidelines and Future Directions
Authors: Elmakki Erwa
Published: December 2024

Hypertension (HTN) is a widely prevalent global health problem. Recent reports indicate that it affects approximately one-third of the world’s population. HTN is considered one of the major and modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Lifestyle changes play a vital role not only in prevention but also in managing HTN. Healthcare workers must adopt and implement these changes as far as they can. Notably, the current global HTN management guidelines emphasize that lifestyle modifications (LSMs) besides improving HTN control also have positive impacts on other HTN comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. These facts encourage individuals with HTN to take an active part in their care, leading to long-term sustainable improvements that enhance overall well-being. Lifestyle strategies encompass a range of factors, including dietary changes, increased physical activity, weight optimization, alcohol moderation or avoidance, smoking cessation, and stress reduction. However, the successful implementation and long-term maintenance of these lifestyle changes remain challenging due to various barriers. Furthermore, there is a notable scarcity of information regarding the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions among diverse patient populations. To address these critical knowledge gaps, future research is essential. Exploring and understanding the barriers to implementing and sustaining lifestyle interventions is crucial for optimizing HTN management and reducing the substantial burden of cardiovascular disease globally. This comprehensive review discusses the latest evidence-based literature regarding key LSMs and their role in HTN prevention and management. Moreover, it highlights the barriers to applying these modifications and the strategies to overcome the barriers. The main aim of this article is to enhance awareness among healthcare workers in effectively implementing lifestyle-based approaches among hypertensive patients.
Effects and mechanisms of long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist semaglutide on microglia phenotypic transformation and neuroinflammation after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats
Authors: Mi Rulin , Cheng Huifeng , Chen Rui , Bai Bo , Li An , Gao Fankai , Xue Guofang
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

The optimal method for addressing cerebral ischemic stroke involves promptly restoring blood supply. However, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is an unavoidable consequence of this event. Neuroinflammation is deemed the primary mechanism of CIRI, with various activation phenotypes of microglia playing a pivotal role. Research has demonstrated that long-lasting agonists of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor can suppress neuroinflammation and microglial activation.

METHODS:

A transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) rat model was established to investigate the effects of semaglutide. Neurological impairments were evaluated utilizing modified neurological severity score on days 1, 3, and 7 postinterventions. Brains were stained with 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride to determine infarct volume. To assess the expression of various microglia activation phenotypes and neuroinflammatory biomarkers, we utilized immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting.

RESULTS:

The study demonstrated that semaglutide in the tMCAO model could decrease neurological deficit scores and reduce the size of cerebral infarcts. In addition, we observed low levels of cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68, an indicator of M1 microglial activation) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (a pro-inflammatory mediator). Moreover, the results indicated a rise in the levels of CD206 (an indicator of M2 activation) and transforming growth factor beta (an anti-inflammatory mediator), while simultaneously reducing P65 levels in the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling cascade.

CONCLUSION:

In the CIRI model, semaglutide exhibits notable neuroprotective effects on rats, reducing neuroinflammation through the regulation of microglia phenotype transformation and inhibition of NF-κB activation.
Association of baseline plasma fibrinogen levels with cognitive and affective status at 30 and 90 days in individuals with ischemic stroke: A prospective study from Nigeria
Authors: Ademoyegun Adekola B. , Awotidebe Taofeek O. , Odetunde Marufat O. , Inaolaji Samuel O. , Bakare Serifat O. , Azeez Funmilola W. , Olayemi Olanrewaju
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

The influence of fibrinogen as a risk factor in developing poststroke neuropsychological and cognitive problems is underreported. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between baseline fibrinogen levels and depression, anxiety, and cognition 30- and 90-day after stroke.

METHODS:

This prospective study involved 48 patients with first-ever mild-to-moderate ischemic stroke, whose plasma fibrinogen levels were assessed within 24 h of stroke onset. Clinical depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment were evaluated by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Montreal Cognitive Assessment at 30- and 90-day after stroke.

RESULTS:

After adjusting for important covariates, the multiple linear regression models showed that baseline plasma fibrinogen was associated with the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline at both 30- and 90-day follow-up (P < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that baseline fibrinogen threshold > 409.0 mg/dl (82.4% sensitivity and 71.0% specificity), >405.0 mg/dl (80.0% sensitivity and 71.4% specificity), and > 400.0 mg/dl (80.6% sensitivity and 76.5% specificity) could respectively predict the presence of depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment 90 days after stroke.

CONCLUSIONS:

High levels of baseline plasma fibrinogen are associated with the onset and severity of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline at 30 and 90 days after stroke. This study shows that fibrinogen may be a viable target for monitoring and intervention in the management of poststroke neuropsychological and cognitive disorders. Future clinical trials are needed to clarify whether defibrinogenation will prevent or reduce the rate and severity of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline among patients with ischemic stroke.

TRIAL REGISTRATION:

Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: PACTR202406755848901).
Neurovascular management of intracranial internal carotid artery dissection post-carotid endarterectomy: A case report of an innovative approach
Authors: Amatya Bibhas , Chitale Ameet V. , Mukherjee Dipankar
Published: December 2024

Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is an established method of stroke prevention in patients with severe carotid artery stenosis, especially in those with symptomatic disease. Complications of CEA include perioperative stroke, cranial nerve palsy, hemorrhage, and vascular dissection. We present an unusual case of a 66-year-old man who presented for elective right CEA for symptomatic 70% right internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis due to ulcerated plaque. Following surgery, the patient developed fluctuating neurological deficits consistent with involvement of the right middle cerebral artery territory. Imaging revealed possible mild clamp-induced ICA dissection limited to the ICA in the neck. Despite initial successful anticoagulation management in the neurointensive care unit, the patient returned 2 days later with stroke symptoms, necessitating urgent endovascular intervention. Neurovascular interventions involved aspiration thrombectomy and multiple stenting extending distally into intracranial ICA, which successfully restored cerebral arterial perfusion and normal neurological function. This case highlights the first reported instance of extensive intracranial ICA dissection managed with full-length stenting. This article offers an effective endovascular procedure for preventing a devastating stroke from a complication of a procedure that was performed to prevent it.
Racial and gender disparities in patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion at a comprehensive stroke center
Authors: Duru Olivia , Eaton Ryan G. , Ritchey Nathan , Heaton Sharon , Powers Ciarán J.
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the standard of care for acute ischemic stroke for select patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO). Although racial disparities in the utilization of thrombectomy have been previously identified, disparities in the utilization of thrombectomy in a single center with a standardized patient selection protocol have not been described in the literature.

METHODS:

Using the American Heart Association Quality Improvement Programs Registry, we retrospectively reviewed the records of 1,143 patients with LVO between December 1, 2014, and May 31, 2021. Patient records were assessed for demographic data, stroke risk factors, process metrics, and success of thrombectomy. A Pearson’s Chi-Squared and an independent two-sample t-test were used to determine the significance. Following this, a multivariate logistic regression was run to determine predictably of thrombectomy outcomes.

RESULTS:

Of the 1,143 LVO patients, 567 were male (49.6%), 576 were female, (50.4%), 963 were white (84.3%), and 180 were nonwhite (15.7%). Based on our Pearson’s Chi-squared analysis, female patients were more like to undergo thrombectomy compared to male patients (62.4% vs. 48.9%; P < 0.001). White patients were also more likely to undergo thrombectomy compared to nonwhite patients (58.7% vs. 39.7%; P < 0.001). After the multivariate logistic regression analysis and after controlling for comorbidities, insurance status, age, time to presentation (last known well to arrival), transfer from outside hospital, and zip codes, white patients were 2.29 times more likely to receive a thrombectomy compared to nonwhite patients (odds ratio [OR], 2.29, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33, 3.944). Patients with Medicare insurance were 33.57 times more likely to receive a thrombectomy compared to those without medicare (OR, 33.57, 95% CI, 20.37, 55.327). In the regression model, sex did not contribute significantly to the likelihood of receiving a thrombectomy.

CONCLUSIONS:

White patients were more likely to undergo MT. Female patients tended to have higher rates of MT, accounting for the fact that other variables could have influenced this. These disparities may result from a multitude of other factors such as eligibility for MT, delayed presentation, and adequate diagnosis of LVO in the emergency department. This study highlights the importance of and potential causes of these disparities. Further investigation with data from multiple centers is necessary to validate these findings and identify strategies for improving utilization of thrombectomy.
A Narrative Review on Evaluation of Causal Drug in Cutaneous Drug Eruptions: Challenges, Current State, and the Path Ahead
Authors: Ramassamy Sivaranjini
Published: December 2024

The diagnosis of cutaneous drug reactions is challenging, particularly when it involves the identification of the culprit drug. This exercise is, however, essential, as re-prescription of the offending drug is harmful to the patient while holding back an essential drug for the fear or suspicion of an allergy could result in a less effective second line or an expensive alternative, both of which are undesirable. We need to be aware of the standard systematic approaches to the diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity and be familiar with the extant guidelines to inform clinical decision making. The clinical tools available for a definite diagnosis are a clinical history, standardized skin tests, drug challenge, and a few biological tests that are in the pipeline. An understanding of the basis for each of these with the steps involved, interpretations, and limitations is important for optimal practice. This review will highlight the key messages concerning the role of each of these tools available for the identification of causal drugs in drug hypersensitivity with the challenges involved in their application, plausible solutions, and the way forward.
Current perspectives on topical antiallergics
Authors: Gokhale Nikhil S
Published: December 2024

Allergy is one of the most common diagnoses in an ocular surface clinic, and its treatment can range from a simple lubricant to the most complex combinations of medications belonging to several diverse classes. Antiallergics are the most commonly used medication overall in all forms of allergy. Several options are available, and it is important to understand how to start, select, and continue their use. Understanding the nature and severity of allergy is key to understand the effectiveness and limitations of this class of drugs in each patient. The article provides a brief overview of antiallergics in the for the busy practitioner.
Imaging Characteristics of Frozen Corpses: An Analysis Based on Postmortem Computed Tomography
Authors: Li Sunao , Jin Wenju , He Jiahui , He Jun , Qiu Mingjie , Gao Wenjing , Fu Long , Shen Haibin , Xia Zhiyuan , Ding Xilian
Published: December 2024

Background:

As traditional autopsy rates decline, the importance of forensic imaging, particularly postmortem computed tomography (PMCT), grows for non-invasive cause of death determination and evidence collection in legal investigations, with unique considerations required for frozen corpses due to the lack of systematic imaging characteristic studies.

Aims and Objectives:

This study aims to fill the gap in current knowledge by systematically analyzing the PMCT imaging characteristics of frozen corpses.

Materials and Methods:

This study utilized postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) and postmortem computed tomography angiography (PMCTA) to examine tissue changes during the freezing and thawing process in a total of 61 corpses.

Results:

The results demonstrated that imaging changes in the brain were most pronounced during freezing and thawing, with a clear correlation to the duration of freezing/thawing and the position of the corpses. Typical ice crystal artifacts were observed in body fluids after freezing, while thawing led to a marked increase and redistribution of internal gas. Serial angiographic studies revealed “pseudo-brain hemorrhage” in the brainstem and cerebellum in several cases due to incomplete thawing and transport.

Conclusion:

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the CT imaging characteristics of frozen corpses, elucidating the imaging features during the freezing and thawing processes.
Virtopsy: Development and Application in Forensic Practice
Authors: Zou Dong-Hua , Liu Yuan-Yuan , Liu Ning-Guo , Chen Yi-Jiu
Published: December 2024

Although represents traditional and classical examination in forensic medicine, nowadays, autopsy, sometimes, is still rejected or not tolerated for its damage to the corpse. Virtopsy offers a noninvasive investigation approach and can also reflect fracture, soft-tissue injury, wound track, and organ trauma objectively and accurately. In addition, virtual autopsies can be used as a complementary tool for areas that are difficult or complex to dissect; in certain cases, where the destruction of a body is prohibited, virtual autopsies provide an alternative to traditional autopsies as an examination method. The virtual autopsy can scan and record a body from head to toe in a short, quick operation, which greatly improves the efficiency of forensic identification. On the other hand, the virtual autopsy is permanently stored through DICOM data and can be subject to a variety of postprocessing operations. Virtual autopsy provides two-dimensional and three-dimensional postprocessing techniques, combining surface and in vivo information with geometrically realistic records, and even combining with finite elements for computer-simulated dynamic simulation studies. Thus, virtopsy can provide visual and powerful evidence for forensic pathological practice. This article mainly synthesizes the latest literature and reviews the application of virtopsy in forensic trauma identification, mechanical asphyxia, drowning, hypothermia and hyperthermia, disease diagnosis, as well as a new research direction of finite element method applied in trauma investigation.
Forensic Pathology of Society-Oriented Expert Identification Institutions in China: A Retrospective Study by 11-year Data from Academy of Forensic Science
Authors: Liu Yuan-Yuan , Fu En-Hao , Liu Ya-Wen , Zou Dong-Hua , Huang Jiang , Qin Hao-Jie , Liu Ning-Guo
Published: December 2024

Objective:

The aim of the study was to introduce the development of forensic pathology for social-oriented forensic-identification institutions, using the Academy of Forensic Science as an example.

Methods:

Cases were collected from the Forensic Pathology Section of the Academy of Forensic Science and classified and organized according to gender, source, type, manner of death, and virtual autopsies of the cases over the years. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed using SPSS and Excel tables so as to summarize forensic pathology for social-oriented services.

Results:

A total of 12,161 cases were collected from the forensic pathology department; the most cases were from the People’s Public Security sources, and the fewest cases were from the Department of Health; the most cases were commissioned for the examination of cadaver surface in forensic medicine (8323 cases), and the fewest were for injury examination (72 cases) and diatom examination (78 cases); there were a total of 322 cases of virtual autopsy examination during the 11-year period, of which 33 cases were performed for target-organ arteriography; the highest number of cases for accidental death examinations (8122 cases).

Conclusion:

The Academy of Forensic Science and other social-service-oriented identification organizations undertake identification work on cases commissioned to them by the local and local people’s public security, people’s procuratorates, and people’s court systems. Virtual autopsy technology and other new technologies, new methods, and new standards to make up for the shortcomings of the traditional autopsy, to provide identification and research support, and subsequent prospective research to provide a database.
A Pilot Study on Forensic Imaging of Mechanical Injuries
Authors: Wu Bin , Li Yang , Li Yang , Wu Bin , Hu Xiao-Fei , Xia Zhi-Yuan , Li Wei , He Guang-Long , Li Jian-Jun
Published: December 2024

Background:

Postmortem imaging has played an important role in the field of forensic medicine.

Objective:

To preliminarily explore the application value of cadaver imaging in mechanical injury.

Methods:

Three cases of mechanical injury were collected, and the external examination, postmortem computed tomography (PMCT), postmortem computed tomography angiography (PMCTA), and autopsy examination were performed in proper order to compare and analyze the diagnostic ability of postmortem imaging in the exploration of fractures, organ ruptures, and bleeding sources.

Conclusion:

Postmortem imaging (PMCT and PMCTA) has important application value in the analysis of cause of death, inference of injury objects, wound reconstruction, and search for bleeding sources. The combination of postmortem imaging and traditional anatomy can significantly improve the quality of forensic examinations.
Current Status of Forensic Virtual Autopsy Laboratory Construction in China
Authors: Meng Yunle , Lyu Tu , Yang Chaopeng , He Guanglong
Published: December 2024

With the advancements in technology and the evolution of forensic science, virtual autopsy techniques have gained increasing attention and promotion in China. Several provinces have established virtual autopsy laboratories within their public security system. However, these initiatives face challenges including equipment costs, the needs for technological updates, professional training, and the establishment of regulatory standards. This study utilized literature analysis, academic exchanges, surveys, and field investigations to examine the current state of virtual autopsy laboratory construction within the Chinese public security system. It identifies existing issues and explores future prospects when offering recommendations for improvement. The goal is to providing insights that may facilitate the development and enhancement of virtual autopsy laboratories in future.
Impacts of Diabetes Mellitus Oral Manifestation on Quality of Life: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alghazaly Farouk , Hariyani Ninuk , Setyowati Dini , Alghazali KhairAlah , Aljunaid Mohammed Ahmed
Published: December 2024

Aims:

This study aimed to investigate and synthesize existing literature on the oral manifestations in individuals with diabetes mellitus and their impact on quality of life (QOL), to mitigate these complications and their consequences.

Materials and Methods:

The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO under the registration number CRD42023469966. A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed and Scopus databases without date restrictions to identify relevant studies based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study included observational studies, such as crosssectional, case–control, and cohort studies, as well as clinical trials that examined the relationship between DM exposure and QOL outcomes. Two independent reviewers screened the articles, extracted data, and assessed their quality. Due to significant heterogeneity among studies—including variations in research design, participant selection, study duration, questionnaires, and diagnostic approaches—a meta-analysis was not feasible. The search encompassed English language publications available until October 2023.

Results:

Of the 1517 records screened, 33 studies met the eligibility criteria, comprising 28 observational studies (22 cross-sectional, 5 case–control, and 1 combined cross-sectional and case–control), and 5 intervention studies. The oral manifestations connected to DM were PD (periodontitis, gingivitis), xerostomia (reduced salivary flow, hypo salivation or drying of the mouth), tooth caries (root decay), halitosis (bad breath), tooth loss, pain, and oral health statues. There was a significant variation in the definition of oral manifestations across the studies. The variations primarily involved the criteria used to determine the extent and severity of these manifestations and to define a “case” of an oral manifestation.

Conclusion:

This review confirms a clear association between diabetes and impaired oral health, highlighting its adverse effects on QOL, particularly in individuals with periodontitis and xerostomia. The findings underscore the need for future research employing standardized methodologies to better understand these relationships and to develop targeted interventions aimed at improving oral health outcomes and overall QOL for individuals with diabetes.

Systematic Review Registration:

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/export_details_pdf.php? ID=CRD42023469966.