bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Egy fenomenológiai ellenérv a perdurantizmussal szemben
Authors: Bernáth László
Published: December 2018

The paper explicates an argument against a perdurantist theory of change. Perdurantism explains change by positing temporal parts in the past, the present, and the future. The aim of the counterargument is to show that this theory is not plausible as a unified model of change: as soon as it is extended to the mind, its direct implication will be the idea that one suffers from radical misunderstanding of how the world appears to him/her. This notion of radical misunderstanding is hard to believe, as a phenomenon is directly accessible to one as a phenomenon.
Interpreting Pensées through Dionysius Areopagite
Authors: Vlad Alexandrescu
Published: December 2018

This paper analyses the hierarchical perspective that Pascal calls the “cause of the effects” and which enables him to turn arguments continually into counterarguments in Pensées. The foundation of this method is a hierarchy based on the extent of light something partakes of. The paper claims that the logic of arguments based on an ever-raising level of light can be traced back to the work of Dionysius Areopagite, to whom Pascal even refers in Pensées once.
The wisdom of entertainment?
Authors: Pierre Guenancia
Published: December 2018

If one really thought of oneself when one faced death that is present at the end of one’s life and even in every minute of one’s life, then the dim hallucination of nothing would almost paralyze one. The thought of death would make the feeling of life’s insignificance or absurdity unquestionable. Therefore, everything that entertains is good, in other words everything that diverts one’s attention from the truth of one’s condition is good. So-called frivol entertainment like hunting or play are no less necessary than activities that are said to be serious like studies in mathematics or ruling a country. Not even a king’s position is enviable without the many kinds of sophisticated courtly entertainment.
"They believe or they only believe they believe" – Montaigne and Bayle about belief
Authors: McKenna Anthony
Published: December 2018

What is fideism? Is it a belief that does not rely on any argument or one that relies on non-demonstrative arguments? Is a person a Fideist who claims his belief does not rely on any argument, logical thinking, or probability but is the irrational and non-reflective result of spontaneous conversion, an ‘emotion of the heart’? Or is a Fideist rather a person who although s/he refuses to accept demonstrative arguments and metaphysical proofs, s/he still accepts belief to be a well-founded conviction, that is based on historical and moral arguments like many other everyday convictions? (In this view, historical arguments stand for the truth of witnesses, the authenticity of the Scripture, while moral arguments mean the respectability, coherence and sublimity of the teaching.)
Phenomenology and social science: Alfred Schütz’s proto-sociology
Authors: Havrancsik Dániel
Published: December 2018

TThe paper surveys A. Schütz’s proto-sociological theory that carried on Weber’s sociological program by expanding it through Husserl’s constitutive phenomenology. The theory will be explicated through a focus on its phenomenological aspect. Schütz’s phenomenology is based on two elements. Firstly, it uses a phenomenological variant of action theory, namely the idea that argues for the given nature of intersubjective relationships. Secondly, it uses the criticism of Husserl’s tenets on intersubjectivity. Schütz’s theory about the relation of everyday and scientific understanding is influenced by expectations of social science. Therefore his theory transcends the limitations of other phenomenological theories that defy application in the area of social sciences. In addition, his model can has its own place in philosophical phenomenology. The paper, finally, surveys those trends in sociology that have carried on Schütz’s approach and managed to mingle aspects of phenomenology and sociology.
Berkeley’s critique of Malebranche and the archetype
Authors: Bartha Dávid
Published: December 2018

Similarities between Berkeley’s and Malebrance’s philosophies have been discussed in the reception of the era for long. Yet Berkeley often argued against the most important tenet of Malebrance’s occasionalism, namely that one sees everything in God. For instance, in his criticism of the second act of Three Dialogues, Berkeley claims that in God one perceives one’s ideas rather than God’s ideas. This paper sets out to reinterpret Berkeley’s criticism of Malebrance. This brings two results: on the one hand, the reinterpretation of Berkeley’s complicated notion of archetypes. On the other hand, indirectly, this reinterpretation reveals differences between Berkeley’s and Malebranche’s philosophies that often evade attention.
Herder and the limits of the work of art
Authors: Csanádi-Bognár Szilvia
Published: December 2018

In the 16th and 17th centuries the concept of the line was discussed in the context of the debate between advocates of disegno colore and Poussin-Rubens as the device for forming images and the space of paintings. In contrast, parallel to the emergence of aesthetic discussion in the 18th century, the discussion of the concept formed part of the relation and the space between the work of art and the viewer. The distinctness of form became part of the discussion on abstract notions and ethical states. The importance of the line was discussed by several authors of the 18th century, like Winckelmann’s ideas on the outline. As a result, a whole cult of the silhouette emerged by the end of the 18th century. Wincklemann connected the notion of the outline to the concept of the idea, while Herder resisted granting importance to the notion of the line. The first section of the paper traces the place of the concept in 18th century theories of art. The second section summarizes the reasons for Herder’s resistance and shows what other concepts take over the role of the line in his epistemological model. The third section traces another difference between Herder and his contemporaries: why it remains unproblematic to talk of works of art, especially of sculpture, for Herder.
Action, Autonomy, Responsibilty
Authors: Rosta Kosztasz
Published: December 2018

The special issue is comprised of a selection of best essays form the second graduate student conference of Philosophy organized by the National Organization of PhD Students. The conference took place in Budapest under the auspices of Pázmány Péter Catholic University in May 2015 with readings of altogether 47 talks. The main topic of the conference was Action, Autonomy, Responsibility – general concerns each speaker related to in his/her own way.
Spiritual Art and Hybridity: Mixed Discourse in the History of Art
Authors: Váraljai Anna
Published: December 2018

The article proposes a methodological experiment in writing art history, namely the incorporation of the study of mixed discourse into the area of art history.  The term mixed discourse was defined by Ricoeur in his analysis of Freud’s writings. It refers to a mixed discourse of everyday and scientific language that is manifested in verbal and visual productions.  A mix of epistemological modes is represented in products of mixed discourse that disturbs consumers. In the art history of the fin-de-siècle, the popular register of mixed discourse is usually overlooked. The article surveys what happens if this blind spot becomes the subject of scrutiny.
Clouds: The Relation of Terror and Terrorism to Aesthetics
Authors: Weber Samuel
Published: December 2018

The article discusses the relation of terror, terrorism and aesthetics in a historical context that seems far too wide: through an inclusion of a historical past that the experience of 9/11 seems to differentiate itself from. The paper starts of comparing the clouds around Hitler’s plane in Leni Riefenstahl’s film The Triumph of the Will (1934) and the clouds of dust in the place of the destroyed Twin Towers of NYC on September 11, 2001. The two images provide a basis for discussing the relations of terror, terrorism, and aesthetics.
Thoreau és az organikus kritika egy sajtóvita tükrében
Authors: Szabó Ferenc
Published: December 2018

A tanulmány Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862) filozófiáját tárgyalja a Thoreau-szakirodalomba általunk bevezetni kívánt organikus kritika mentén. A tanulmány apropója egy 2015 őszén lezajlott sajtóvita, amelyet Kathryn Schulz robbantott ki a New Yorkerben megjelent Pond Scum. Why do we love Henry David Thoreau? c. cikkével. A cikk a hagyományos, negatív előjelű Thoreau-kritikát (amelyet James Russell Lowell és Robert Louis Stevenson neve fémjelez) folytatja, és hipokritának, mizantrópnak és gondolatilag károsnak állítja be az amerikai filozófust. Schulz cikkére számtalan válasz érkezett, a tanulmány ezeket tipizálja, majd összeveti a meglátásokat.

Véleményünk szerint, ha az organikus kritika módszerével olvassuk, a thoreau-i gondolkodás tisztába tehető és kivédhetőek a klasszikus vádak. A tanulmány tézise, hogy Thoreau nem normatív jellegű filozófiát folytat, hanem az emberi élet végtelen dinamizmusára emlékezteti elsősorban saját magát, másodsorban fele-barátait.
Burjánzó implicit előítéleteink – Michael Brownstein – Jennifer Saul (szerk.): Implicit Bias and Philosophy
Authors: Véber Virág
Published: December 2018

Recenzió Michael Brownstein – Jennifer Saul (szerk.): Implicit Bias and Philosophy című kétkötetes antológiájáról.

Brownstein, Michael – Saul, Jennifer (szerk.): Implicit Bias and Philosophy. 1. köt. Metaphysics and Epistemology. 2. köt. Moral Responsibility, Structural Injustice, and Ethics. New York, Oxford University Press, 2016.
„Senki nem lehet fény önmaga számára” – Losoncz Márk: Vakító gépezetek című könyvéről
Authors: Dorka Békefi
Published: December 2018

Recenzió Losoncz Márk Vakító gépezetek című könyvéről.

Losoncz Márk: Vakító gépezetek – Filozófiai írások. Forum, Újvidék, 2013.
Rola i wpływ mediów na postawy prosportowe młodzieży akademickiej
Authors: Skrzypczak Jędrzej , Wallas Tadeusz
Published: December 2018

Kluczowym pytaniem badawczym w przypadku tego opracowania, była próba ustalenia czy media mogą mieć wpływ na postawy prozdrowotne, w szczególności sprzyjające podejmowaniu aktywności fizycznej, a nadto w jakich formach i na jakich płaszczyznach komunikacji medialnej należy skutecznie upowszechniać wzorce postępowania w zakresie promowania postaw prozdrowotnych, aby dotrzeć do grupy docelowej. Podjęta została próba określenia źródeł, z których studenci czerpią informacje na temat sportu, a także jak kształtują się ich zainteresowania dyscyplinami i wydarzeniami sportowymi, oczekiwania, gusta i preferencje związane z przekazami medialnych o tematyce sportowej, jak również postawy prozdrowotne. Badanie zostało przeprowadzone w 2017 r. poprzez ankietyzację studentów w wybranych ośrodkach akademickich. Uzyskano łącznie 489 ankiet, zawierających odpowiedzi studentów kilku polskich uczelni z różnych miast.
Грант Микаелян, Теневая экономика в Армении, Институт Кавказа, Ереван 2016, ss. 188.
Authors: Czachor Rafał
Published: December 2018

Грант Микаелян, Теневая экономика в Армении, Институт Кавказа, Ереван 2016, ss. 188.
Przed rozwodem. Sytuacja polityczna na Słowacji w ramach Czeskiej i Słowackiej Republiki Federacyjnej (1990–1992)
Authors: Żarna Krzysztof
Published: December 2018

Po „aksamitnej rewolucji” w Czechach i na Słowacji w 1990 r. odbyły się wybory do Zgromadzenia Federalnego. Zwyciężyły w nich dwa ruchy polityczne: Forum Obywatelskie i Społeczeństwo Przeciwko Przemocy. W przypadku wyborów do Słowackiej Rady Narodowej większość partii politycznych akcentowała chęć akcesji do struktur europejskich oraz równouprawnienia w ramach federacji. Z czasem narastały rozbieżności pomiędzy Czechami a Słowakami odnośnie wizji przyszłego państwa. Spośród polityków czeskich i słowackich odrębność akcentowali Vacláv Klaus i Vladimír Mečiar oraz przedstawiciele partii nacjonalistycznych. Z kolei największym orędownikiem utrzymania federacji był prezydent Vacláv Havel. W związku z narastającymi tendencjami nacjonalistycznymi wśród Czechów i Słowaków proces dezintegracji wspólnego państwa był nie do powstrzymania. Ostatecznie 1 stycznia 1993 r. na politycznej mapie Europy pojawiły się dwa nowe państwa: Republika Czeska i Republika Słowacka.
Azja Centralna: uwarunkowania bezpieczeństwa regionalnego
Authors: Shukuralieva Nartsiss
Published: December 2018

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie formalnych oraz nieformalnych wymiarów bezpieczeństwa regionalnego Azji Centralnej. Tekst wskazuje oraz empirycznie dokumentuje rozbieżność pomiędzy deklarowanymi oficjalnie a realizowanymi faktycznie funkcjami struktur integracji regionalnej, a więc WNP, OUBZ i SOW. Tekst rozważa kolejno następujące problemy. Po pierwsze, przebieg instytucjonalizacji regionalnej integracji w Azji Centralnej po upadku Związku Radzieckiego. Po drugie, wymiary formalnej i nieformalnej współpracy państw regionu. Po trzecie, zjawisko  niebiurokratycznego zarządzania regionem. Po czwarte, reakcje WNP, OUBZ i SOW na zagrożenia terroryzmem, ekstremizmem i międzynarodową przestępczością zorganizowaną.
„Фейк” — современное лицо масс-медийного обмана
Authors: Małecki Łukasz
Published: December 2018

The phenomen of “fake news” disseminated by the mass media is a relatively new phenomenon, the impact of which has not been extensively studied. The article is devoted to the problem of fake in contemporary mass media, which is understood not only as a modern type of lie, but also a fabricated information designed to manipulate public opinion and creating specific form of an image of the world in the human consciousness.
Regionalizm jako wielopłaszczyznowa forma podtrzymywania kultury lokalnej i języka: uwagi do lektury „Nowego bedekera kaszubskiego” Tadeusza Bolduana
Authors: Puppel Stanisław
Published: December 2018

In this paper, the view is proposed that human culture appears fundamental in resolving the problem of ‘the human condition’. Its holistic nature comprises all tangible and intangible aspects, including artefacts, language and communication. It is the culture-language complex which is responsible for the generation of both collective and individual human identity via its locality expressed in a plethora of tangibleintangible manifestations. The regionalism of this complex ought to result in special care of both institutions and individuals who, by demonstrating active involvement on a local scale, are co-responsible for the maintenance of local cultural-linguistic identity. Its vitality is, in turn, more than significant for the maintenance of identity on a larger (e.g. national, global) scale. The aforementioned aspects of regionalism are discussed here on the basis of a review of the content of an encyclopedic outline of Kashubian culture (Bedeker) authored by Tadeusz Bolduan.
Фразеологическая презентация концептуального поля „Память” / „Pamięć” в русском и польском языках
Authors: Sitarski Andrzej
Published: December 2018

In the article the author analyses Russian and Polish phrasemes that represent the conceptual field ”Memory” in both linguacultural spaces. In order to do this he relies on the postulates of Ryszard Tokarski’s theory of semantic connotation being the theory of the secondary semantic field, which constitutes the optional layer of the lexical meaning of a linguistic sign. On the basis of the conducted analysis of the selected phraseological data it can be concluded that the Polish and Russian commonsense attitude to the semantic interpretation of memory is similar. Additional connotative senses can be determined in this case, which are of an evaluative, emotional and stylistic nature.
Determinanty defektywnego międzyosobowego komunikowania się w relacjach polsko-rosyjskich
Authors: Woźniewicz Władysław
Published: December 2018

In the introductory part, the author defines the basic terms used in the article: culture, cultural norms, language-communication skills, knowledge and its deficits, intercultural communication in Polish-Russian relations and the concept of defective communication. The purpose of this article is to describe the various causes of defective communication in Polish-Russian relations. In the following sections of the article, the author describes and exemplifies symptoms of defective communication, the over-ethnic causes of communication failures, the ethnic Polish-Russian determinants of defective interpersonal communication related to knowledge deficits, Russian language skills and stricte cultural determinants of unfortunate communication in selected spheres of life.
Лингвистическая философия Ежи Калишана и его вклад в развитие польской русистики (на материале монографических исследований ученого)
Authors: Kosmeda Tetiana
Published: December 2018

The article sets out to analyze Jerzy Kaliszan’s linguistic philosophy focused on the field of word-formation and based on the triple unity of philosophy of the language (semantics, syntax and pragmatics), systemic character and functionalism. Intertextuality of the academic speech of the scholar is influenced by classical Slavonic linguistic conceptions, leading representatives of linguistics of the second part of the 20th century, as well as key theoretical investigations of the late 20th — early 21 centuries. The idiolect of the scholar is marked with brevity, laconism, condensed content, wellstructured text, depth and expressiveness, persuasive argumentation, breadth of the material used, refined stylistics, scholarly courage, topicality of the problems discussed, prognostic insights.
Interação microbiana e fertilizante Protector® NM no controle de Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Santos Jacilene Francisca Souza , Teixeira Juan Lopes , Santos Jessica Silva , Mendonça Johny de Jesus , Santos Tamiris Aparecida de Carvalho , Góis Larissa de Souza , Lopes Lázara Jossikarla de Oliveira , Souza Antônio Lopes de , Marino Regina Helena
Published: December 2018

Na agricultura orgânica um dos principais problemas fitossanitários é a ocorrência de nematoides Meloidogyne spp., os quais podem reduzir em até 100% da produtividade a depender da interação com a planta hospedeira. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da interação de micro-organismos do solo, do substrato de cultivo do cogumelo comestível Lentinula edodes e do biofertilizante Protector® NM no controle de Meloidogyne incognita em quiabeiro cultivado em uma propriedade orgânica. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente ao acaso composto por cinco tratamentos (controle - sem inoculação fúngica, sem fertilizante; Protector® NM – sem inoculação fúngica + fertilizante; dois isolados fúngicos de L. edodes (LED): LED-AJU1, LED-CHI e pela mistura de LED-CHI + Penicillium spp.) distribuídos em três blocos com 11 plantas por tratamento e por bloco. O controle do M. incognita pelo fungo L. edodes é influenciado pela colonização micorrízica, a depender da interação microbiana. A colonização do quiabeiro por fungos DSE não interfere no controle de M. incognita pelos isolados de L. edodes e o emprego do biofertilizante Protector® NM, mas influência na colonização por FMAs nativos a depender da interação. O biofertilizante Protector® NM e o isolado LED-CHI+Penicillium apresentam potencial no controle de M. incognita. A interação entre FMAs nativos e o isolado LED-CHI apresenta potencial no controle do nematoide M. incognita, o que representa uma alternativa para agricultura orgânica.
On the number of integer points in a multidimensional domain
Authors: Rybakov Alexander S.
Published: December 2018

We provide a new upper estimate for the modulus of the difference |Λ ∩ 𝓢| − voln(𝓢)/det Λ, where 𝓢 ⊂ ℝn is a set of volume voln(𝓢) and Λ ⊂ ℝn is a complete lattice with determinant det Λ. This result has an important practical application, for example, in estimating the number of integer solutions of an arbitrary system of linear and nonlinear inequalities.
On Stone’s renewal theorem for arithmetic distributions
Authors: Sgibnev Mikhail S.
Published: December 2018

The well-known Stone’s renewal theorem is refined for the case of arithmetic distributions having at least one exponentially decreasing tail. A very general version of the renewal theorem for arithmetic distributions with a semi-multiplicative bound of the residual term is proved.
Global sensitivity analysis for a stochastic flow problem
Authors: Kolyukhin Dmitriy
Published: December 2018

The paper is devoted to the modeling of a single-phase flow through saturated porous media. A statistical approach where permeability is considered as a lognormal random field is applied. The impact of permeability, random boundary conditions and wells pressure on the flow in a production well is studied. A numerical procedure to generate an ensemble of realizations of the numerical solution of the problem is developed. A global sensitivity analysis is performed using Sobol indices. The impact of different model parameters on the total model uncertainty is studied.
Principles of developing physical test methods for disposable consumer products
Authors: Ko Young Chan , Park Jung Yoon , Melani Lili , Park Na Young , Kim Hyoung Jin
Published: December 2018

Strength, softness, and absorbency have been identified as the key attributes for disposable consumer products such as tissue, towel and diapers. These attributes are generally evaluated subjectively by users. Although subjective evaluation may be necessary for developing such consumer products, it is time-consuming and expensive. More importantly, it seldom provides guidance or direction regarding process control or product development. The main reason is because subjective evaluation is performed after the fact (ex post facto), not before the event (not ex ante). Accordingly, it has been desirable to develop physical test methods to predict in-use performance of a consumer product. In developing physical test methods to link with subjective evaluation, reliable and relevant subjective data is necessary. Developing physical test methods for softness of hygiene paper has been extremely challenging. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate a feasibility of developing physical test methods which can be highly related to subjective evaluation. To this end, it is hypothesized that tissue softness mainly consists of bulk softness and surface softness. It is assumed that the bulk softness should be determined from bulk stiffness which is defined as the slope between the two specified points in a load-elongation curve from tensile testing. It is also assumed that the surface softness should be determined from the surface properties (roughness and friction) from a surface tester (e. g., Model: KES-SESRU. Kato Tech, Japan). It is suggested that the principles used here for developing physical test methods for tissue softness should be also applicable to other physical properties such as strength and absorbency.
Marcello lächelt sein Mastroianni-Lächeln
Authors: Felfe Marc
Published: December 2018

Sentences with a cognate object typically consist of an intransitive activity verb, its subject NP and a second NP in the accusative. Its nominal core is typically derived as nomen actionis and/or nomen acti from the verb.

Essential questions are: How are cognate objects licensed? What role do they play in verbal activity? Which nouns and which verbs come into question? Can the reading of cognitive objects be predicted as an event or object?

In this paper I will propose a constructional grammatical analysis. Different readings of the cognate object as well as the temporal constitution as a telic or atelic situation are explained within the construction by compositional processes. These are essentially analyzed as a transfer of the nominal reference mode to the entire VP. The nominal reference method also results from compositional processes within the NP. An important focus of the analysis is on overrides and adjustments (coercion) in case of semantic conflicts.
Aufgeklärte Heterogenität. Auf dem Weg zu einer neuen Denkform in der Religionspädagogik
Authors: Grümme Bernhard
Published: December 2018

So far, religious education has been dominated by the paradigm of plurality. This is relevant because it can capture the processes of pluralization of religion in late modernity. The focus of this article concerns aspects of difference and identity. However, this has also set a desideratum. The interaction with issues of inequality and injustice cannot be adequately addressed within this paradigm. However, a student-oriented religious education must consider these questions to the same extent. But this is at the center of the category of heterogeneity. The following considerations, against this background, seek to unfold the mode of thinking of enlightened heterogeneity. This places identity and equality issues in strict reciprocal interrelation and is at the same time so self-critical that it seeks to elucidate its own entanglements in hegemonic relationships of power in the normative definition of religious education.
Adaptation of a Group-Based HIV RISK Reduction Intervention to a Mobile App for Young Sexual Minority Men
Authors: Schnall Rebecca , Kuhns Lisa M. , Hidalgo Marco A. , Powell Dakota , Thai Jennie , Hirshfield Sabina , Pearson Cynthia , Ignacio Matt , Bruce Josh , Batey D. Scott , Radix Asa , Belkind Uri , Garofalo Robert
Published: December 2018

There is a dearth of evidence-based HIV prevention interventions for very young men who have sex with men (YMSM) ages 13–18 years, at high risk for HIV. We adapted the MyPEEPS intervention—an evidence-based, group-level intervention—to individual-level delivery by a mobile application. We used an expert panel review, in-depth interviews with YMSM (n = 40), and weekly meetings with the investigative team and the software development company to develop the mobile app. The expert panel recommended changes to the intervention in the following areas: (1) biomedical interventions, (2) salience of intervention content, (3) age group relevance, (4) technical components, and (5) stigma content. Interview findings reflected current areas of focus for the intervention and recommendations of the expert panel for new content. In regular meetings with the software development firm, guiding principles included development of dynamic content, while maintaining fidelity of the original curriculum and shortening intervention content for mobile delivery.
Motion Discrimination and the Motion Aftereffect in Mouse Vision
Authors: Samonds Jason M. , Lieberman Sarina , Priebe Nicholas J.
Published: December 2018

Prolonged exposure to motion in one direction often leads to the illusion of motion in the opposite direction for stationary objects. This motion aftereffect likely arises across several visual areas from adaptive changes in the balance of activity and competitive interactions. We examined whether or not the mouse was susceptible to this same illusion to determine whether it would be a suitable model for learning about the neural representation of the motion aftereffect. Under a classical conditioning paradigm, mice learned to lick when presented with motion in one direction and not the opposite direction. When the mice were adapted to motion preceding this test, their lick behavior for zero coherence motion was biased for motion in the opposite direction of the adapting stimulus. Overall, lick count versus motion coherence shifted in the opposite direction of the adapting stimulus. This suggests that although the mouse has a simpler visual system compared with primates, it still is subject to the motion aftereffect and may elucidate the underlying circuitry.
A Computational Model of Dual Competition between the Basal Ganglia and the Cortex
Authors: Topalidou Meropi , Kase Daisuke , Boraud Thomas , Rougier Nicolas P.
Published: December 2018

We propose a model that includes interactions between the cortex, the basal ganglia (BG), and the thalamus based on a dual competition. We hypothesize that the striatum, the subthalamic nucleus (STN), the internal globus pallidus (GPi), the thalamus, and the cortex are involved in closed feedback loops through the hyperdirect and direct pathways. These loops support a competition process that results in the ability of BG to make a cognitive decision followed by a motor one. Considering lateral cortical interactions, another competition takes place inside the cortex allowing the latter to make a cognitive and a motor decision. We show how this dual competition endows the model with two regimes. One is driven by reinforcement learning and the other by Hebbian learning. The final decision is made according to a combination of these two mechanisms with a gradual transfer from the former to the latter. We confirmed these theoretical results on primates (Macaca mulatta) using a novel paradigm predicted by the model.
Cardiovascular benefits and risks of testosterone replacement therapy in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or the metabolic syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Quang Le Minh , Kalhan Atul
Published: December 2018

Background: Because of the paucity of large randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and/or the metabolic syndrome (MS), the majority of evidence for use of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on the cardiovascular (CV) system in such men is derived from observational studies and systematic reviews.Methods: We carried out an extensive retrospective review of the literature, comparing the major comparative trials that involved TRT in hypogonadal men with T2DM and/or MS and focused on CV outcomes.Results: Of 311 studies initially identified, 25 studies (12 RCTs and 13 non-RCTs) with a total number of 729,927 participants were deemed eligible for further review. Three RCTs and one non-RCT were excluded as these had not measured all-cause mortality and CV events as primary outcomes. Benefits of TRT on myocardial infarction were observed in two RCTs which were reviewed, while the rest demonstrated a neutral effect on CV events. In the non-RCTs, seven studies observed reduced all-cause mortality and/or major adverse CV events in the TRT group compared with the placebo group.Conclusions: This retrospective and systematic review of the literature suggests protective effects of TRT against all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiac events in hypogonadal men with T2DM and/or MS, although these results need to be interpreted cautiously.
Osiguranje depozita i utjecaj na financijski sustav
Authors: Maté Martina
Published: December 2018

Važnost stabilnosti financijskog sustava najbolje je pokazala nedavna globalna financijska kriza. Slom financijskih tržišta i poremećaji u radu institucija ozbiljno su zaprijetili financijskim sustavima širom svijeta i doveli u pitanje njihovu ulogu u posredovanju pri razmjeni viškova kapitala i njihova usmjeravanja prema deficitarnim subjektima. Mnoge financijske institucije našle su se na rubu propasti, a države širom svijeta pokrenule su ekspanzivne mjere i uložile golema sredstva u spašavanje svojih tržišta. Kako financijske i bankarske krize uvijek uzrokuju fiskalne presije, važnost nadogradnje financijskog sustava preventivnim mjerama koje će očuvati povjerenje javnosti u njegovu sigurnost i zaštititi gospodarstvo od velikih gubitaka u interesu je vlada širom svijeta. Cilj ovih mjera, koje se nazivaju sigurnosne mreže financijskog sustava, je stvoriti kontrolirane uvjete za slabije informirane sudionike tržišta i zaštititi ih od gubitka. Sustavi osiguranja depozita prepoznati su kao jedan od ključnih elemenata preventivnih sigurnosnih mreža financijskog sustava. Najvažniji cilj organiziranog sustava osiguranja depozita je zaštita sredstava tzv. malih štediša odnosno potrošača koji nisu u mogućnosti samostalno procijeniti rizik institucije u koju polažu svoje viškove sredstava. Cilj ovoga rada je obrazložiti ulogu organiziranog sustava osiguranja depozita s posebnim osvrtom na sustav u Republici Hrvatskoj.
Ekološka osviještenost investitora i kupaca: slučaj Volkswagen grupe i afere Dieselgate
Authors: Žmuk Berislav , Perović Luka
Published: December 2018

Afera Dieselgate povezuje se s ilegalnim radnjama Volkswagen grupe koje su uključivale zavaravanje kupaca automobila i prikrivanje stvarnih rezultata razine ispuštanja štetnih plinova kod dizelskih automobila korištenjem računalnih programa. Premda se Volkswagen grupa ovim ilegalnim radnjama koristila dulji niz godina, one su otkrivene tek u rujnu 2015. godine. U radu se odabranim statističkim metodama ispituje utjecaj otkrivanja afere Dieselgate na ponašanje investitora i kupaca vozila Volkswagen grupe. Pretpostavlja se da su investitori i kupci ekološki osviješteni te da bi to trebalo biti vidljivo na odabranim pokazateljima poslovanja Volkswagen grupe. Istraživanje je pokazalo da je afera Dieselgate imala velik utjecaj na pad vrijednosti redovnih i povlaštenih dionica Volkswagen grupe. S druge strane, pokazalo se da afera Dieselgate nije imala značajan negativan utjecaj na prodaju vozila Volkswagen grupe. Dapače, nakon kratkog razdoblja prilagodbe, Volkswagen grupa je nastavila povećavati prodaju vozila i nakon otkrivanja afere Dieselgate.
Neoklasikinio realizmo teorija karinių intervencijų tyrimuose: poliheuristinio metodo plėtotė
Authors: Bivainis Andrius
Published: December 2018

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]

The precedents of military interventional decisions by Western countries in the Middle East have been an uneasy topic with vague, long-term strategic objectives and increased questionable attitudes among domestic audiences. This article questions whether these precedents require an updated methodological approach.

The aim of this article is to adopt a poliheuristic methodology as an analytic instrument for examining military intervention precedents in the Middle East. This article suggests an analytical solution based on a poliheuristic research methodology, previously defined by Alex Mintz and applied in foreign policy research. This article highlights the need to adopt the methodology to military interventional decisions with an inclusion of additional decision dimensions.

The first part of the article reveals a synthesis of the theoretical notions of neoclassical realism. These notions are correlated with the elements of poliheuristic methodology. This path of analysis, applied to theoretical notions and the adopted poliheuristic methodology, reveals additional variables that have a transdimensional role in the military intervention decision process. The following are the variables that influence the cognitive and rational elements of the poliheuristic methodology: the competing dominance of normative or operational ideas, interventional experience and shifting notions of strategic culture.

The final part of the article offers an empirical study that illustrates how the suggested poliheuristic methodology is to be applied. The case pays attention to the decision of Barack Obama’s administration in 2013 to not escalate its military intervention into the Syrian conflict. Considerations of the Syrian case are also correlated to the previous multinational military campaign in Libya.
Gazing through the Crystal Ball of Science—Cardiovascular Disease in 2100
Authors: Fishman Glenn I , Levin Richard I
Published: December 2018

Recently, we had the opportunity to review the progress that has been made in the field of cardiovascular disease over the past century in The FASEB Journal and, based on those thoughts, in this article we predict what may transpire in this ‘century of biology’. Although it is true that ‘the best way to predict the future is to invent it’, we gaze through the prism of modern biomolecular science for a vision of a possible future and see cardiology practice that is transformed. In the second half of the 20th century, we developed a more fundamental understanding of atherosclerotic vascular disorders and invented life-saving therapeutics. We saw a similar development of mechanism-based pharmacotherapy to address heart failure, primarily through agents that antagonize the excessive concentration of circulating neurohumoral agents. Now we are in the midst of the device era, from stents to cardiac resynchronization therapy to transcatheter valves. The next wave of treatments will build on an increasingly sophisticated understanding of the molecular determinants of cardiovascular disorders and engineering feats that are barely perceptible now. Genomic profiling, molecular prescriptions for prevention and personalized therapeutics, regenerative medicine and the new field of cardiovascular tissue bioengineering will transform cardiovascular medicine. If the human species can survive threats of our own doing, such as the related epidemics of obesity and diabetes, by the turn of the next century, treatment of cardiovascular disease will not resemble the present in almost any way.
Entre la asignación de privilegios, el Estado y la causa pública: tierras y oratorio para el asiento de libres de Quilichao, Popayán, 1750-1810
Authors: Sánchez Mejía Hugues R. , Conde Calderón Jorge
Published: December 2018

A partir de un pleito por tierras entre los habitantes del asiento de libres de Quilichao en la gobernación de Popayán y el hacendado y minero Francisco Arboleda, pretendemos mostrar cómo los apoderados de los vecinos buscaron que las autoridades locales materializaran ciertos privilegios que la corona les había adjudicado, mediante requerimientos que dejaron la huella de sus razonamientos, presunciones, expectativas y, sobre todo, del uso de un lenguaje particular que potenciaba sus exigencias jurídicas. Se constata en los documentos la eclosión de una narrativa ilustrada que buscaba aumentar privilegios y arropaba las peticiones con conceptos y palabras como Estado y causa pública e ideales ilustrados de fortalecimiento de la fe católica y la productividad agrícola.
Historia Pública e investigación colaborativa: perspectivas y experiencias para la coyuntura actual colombiana
Authors: Pérez Benavides Amada Carolina , Vargas Álvarez Sebastián
Published: December 2018

En el presente artículo se discuten los postulados de la Historia Pública, como modalidad de investigación e intervención histórica, y se señala su pertinencia en la coyuntura política actual colombiana. Nos preguntamos cómo diseñar estrategias investigativas, narrativas y creativas que permitan plantear, desarrollar y comunicar la investigación histórica con la participación de públicos amplios y diversos. A partir de ahí, se presentan algunas propuestas para pensar la Historia Pública en relación con los postulados y procesos de la investigación colaborativa, en el contexto del diálogo de saberes. Por último, se revisan los alcances y limitaciones de algunas experiencias de Historia Pública adelantadas en años recientes en el país y se hace un balance preliminar, para dar cuenta de los retos que presenta este subcampo a la disciplina histórica.
Is Anterior Guidance a Key Factor on Planning Implant Treatment for Free-End Missing in the Posterior Mandible?
Authors: Nagao Mitsuharu , Masaki Chihiro , Nakao Mihoko , Ito Yoshinori , Tsuka Shintaro , Mukaibo Taro , Kondo Yusuke , Hosokawa Ryuji
Published: December 2018

To perform safe implant treatment, the anatomical structure and bone quality at implant placement sites are evaluated based on a patient's computerized tomography (CT) data, but there is no definite method to determine placement sites and the appropriate number of implants. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the number and arrangement of implants on the stress distribution in 3-unit posterior fixed partial dentures for the posterior mandible by mechanical analysis using the finite element method. Three-dimensional finite element analysis models were constructed from the CT data of a patient with missing mandibular teeth (Nos. 35, 36, 37). Implant placement was simulated under various conditions. Superstructures were connected and fixed with a titanium frame. As the loading conditions, 400 N vertical and lateral loads (45° on the lingual side and 45° on the buccal side) were applied to the upper areas of Nos. 35, 36, and 37, and the stress distribution and frame displacement were evaluated. When a vertical force was applied, no difference of the von Mises stress was noted among the 5 experimental conditions. When lateral force was applied from the lingual and buccal sides at 45°, the stress was higher than that induced by vertical force under all conditions, and it was especially high under mesial and distal cantilever conditions. When displacement of the titanium frame was measured, the displacement caused by lateral force was greater than that due to vertical force. In addition, comparison between long and short distal cantilever bridges revealed that displacement of the titanium frame tended to be smaller when the short cantilever was used. These findings suggested that the stress on peri-implant tissues and displacement of the titanium frame vary depending on the configuration and number of implants, with greater stress and more marked displacement of the titanium frame being induced by lateral force when the number of implants is reduced and a cantilever bridge is selected.
The Multiple Mini Interview for admission to nursing – male perspectives
Authors: Traynor Marian , McGowan Iain , Gillespie Kathryn
Published: December 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Aims: The aim of this study was to gain the perspectives of men undergoing recruitment to a nursing degree programme by the process of multiple mini interviews (MMIs). Background: MMIs are used increasingly to select undergraduate students for degree courses, particularly in the healthcare sciences but the impact of MMIs on initiatives to increase gender diversity in these professions is unknown. Design: The study employed a qualitative research approach using a thematic framework of the MMI process. Methods: The study took place between January 2018 - April 2018 and a total of eight students attended for focus groups. Results: Respondents viewed the MMI process as stressful, and also reported that some of the stations created more stress than others, as they were conscious of the gender issues within some of the scenarios. Despite this they also reported the MMI to be a satisfactory selection tool. Conclusion: Participants found the use of MMIs to comprise a valid selection process which, while imperfect and female-dominated, did not unduly disadvantage male candidates. Further research involving multiple nursing schools as well as medical schools is needed to further evaluate the impact of the MMI as a selection tool on male applicants.
Briefing: Comments on the masonry ceiling at St George’s Hall, Liverpool, UK
Authors: Ray Stephen F
Published: December 2018

St George’s Hall, Liverpool, UK, is about 170 years old and is described as an outstanding building. During construction, however, doubts were expressed about its structural integrity, particularly relating to the masonry arch. The 20 m wide arch is constructed from tube-like bricks placed as headers only one brick thick at the crown. Making the bricks hollow reduced the weight of the arch and allowed air to flow from the hall into the roof space as part of the air-conditioning system. In none of the references quoted was a description found of the basis of the design or proofs to demonstrate that the arch was stable. Rawlinson, the civil engineer, privately published correspondence between himself and Elmes, the architect, to show their belief in the building construction. A crude assessment indicates possible admissible load paths. Further searches and investigation would provide a more informative statement on the structural integrity of the arch.
Durability of concrete with agro-waste: a local approach to sustainability
Authors: Chopperla Siva Teja , Yamuna Venkateswaran , Bahurudeen Abdul , Santhanam Manu , Gopinath Athira
Published: December 2018

Sugarcane and rice are cultivated in vast tracts of land in the southern part of India. The bagasse and rice husk that are collected during the processing of sugarcane and rice paddies, respectively, possess good calorific values and are used for supplementary energy production. However, the ash generated in the process is dumped in landfills. This paper evaluates the benefits of using these agro-waste ashes (sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) and rice husk ash (RHA)) as cement replacement in concrete, through a systematic investigation of strength and durability characteristics of two different strength grades of concrete. The results indicate that the compressive strength of bagasse-ash- and RHA-blended concretes was higher than that of control ordinary Portland cement (OPC) specimens for both grades of concrete. In addition to improved strength, remarkable resistance against water and air and chloride permeability was observed for the blended cement concrete specimens. In the same way, SCBA- and RHA-blended mortar specimens performed better against sulfate attack compared to control OPC specimens. The paper also evaluates the sustainability impact of the concretes produced using SCBA and RHA, and the results from this study clearly show that these materials provide a local approach to the production of sustainable concrete.
Islamic financing for Indonesia infrastructure project: mini hydropower plant case studies
Authors: Rarasati Ayomi Dita , Trigunarsyah Bambang , Lamari Fiona , Too Eric
Published: December 2018

Project financing has been implemented globally in infrastructure financing for at least half a century. In Indonesia, where the adoption of project financing is gaining momentum, there is a concurrent need for innovation in project financing schemes in order to accelerate infrastructure development. One area of recent innovation is the use of Islamic finance or sharia-compliant financing. To date, research on Islamic project financing of infrastructure has been conducted predominantly in Islamic countries and developed countries, which shows that it has many benefits. It is reasonable to expect that Islamic project financing may also be a suitable financing alternative in Indonesian infrastructure development. This paper discusses the Islamic financing implementation in Indonesian infrastructure projects. Case studies on three mini hydropower plant projects that have utilised Islamic financing mechanisms were conducted. The results show that the use of Islamic finance instruments has been integrated into financing infrastructure projects. In the context of Indonesia, Islamic banks play the most important role in financing infrastructure projects through the use of the sharia scheme. However, there are challenges that need to be addressed to ensure that this implementation can be executed extensively.
Situação das Mulheres nos Países do BRICs: análise comparada da (in)efetividade das políticas públicas de proteção da mulher e de redução da desigualdade de gênero nas quatro maiores economias emergentes do mundo
Authors: Safe Coelho Diva Julia Souza da Cunha , Pinto Coelho Saulo De Oliveira , Spindola Diniz Ricardo Martins
Published: December 2018

A pesquisa realiza um estudo comparado das experiências concretas de Rússia, China, Índia e Brasil acerca da implementação de políticas de proteção da mulher e redução da desigualdade de gênero. Numa perspectiva constitucional de análise, busca superar a comparação puramente nomológica ou doutrinaria, típica da visão clássica do Direito Comparado, em prol de uma comparação das experiências e das realidades. Para tal, lança mão de um complexo de dados coletados nos mais relevantes relatórios sobre o tema no contexto internacional, bem como, como contraponto crítico, do estudo aprofundado da literatura existente sobre o tema em cada um dos países, privilegiando as abordagens oferecidas pelas pesquisadoras e pesquisadores de fato inseridos na realidade de cada um desses países-continentes, à leituras puramente externas, sócio-culturalmente falando. Como principais resultados verificou-se que os quatro países padecem de problemas graves quanto à efetivação dos direitos de gênero e à garantia das condições de dignidades, liberdade e respeito das mulheres. Cada qual, porém, enfrentando dificuldades com caraterísticas singulares, no tratamento do tema.