bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In-depth Analysis of Kubernetes Node and Pod Communication in Google Kubernetes Engine——Exploring the Power of GKE Networking
Authors: Ou Yining
Published: October 2023

This paper analyzes the communication between Kubernetes nodes and pods in Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). We explore the structure and features of GKE networking, including communication between nodes, nodes, and pods, and pods themselves. We also consider the network security and performance aspects. In addition, we analyze common networking issues such as latency, packet loss, and network failures and provide solutions. Through our experimental results, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed solutions and offer insights for future research in this area. This paper provides valuable insights for developers and operators who use GKE and want to optimize their networking configuration.
A Novel Squid-Inspired AUV Design: Revolutionizing Coral Reef Preservation Through CFD and Experimental Insights into Drag and Maneuverability
Authors: Li Zixuan
Published: October 2023

This study focuses on conceptualizing and optimizing an advanced bionic robotic solution to surmount the limitations of current observational vehicles in coral reef conservation. Human divers are traditionally subjected to physiological challenges, while current robotic alternatives grapple with operational impediments, including anthropogenic marine disturbances. Utilizing advanced robotics tailored for marine ecosystems with intricate topologies and fragile corals, this study aims to enhance conservation precision in the face of climatic shifts and marine pollution from anthropogenic activities.This paper develops a squid-inspired Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV), whose behavior is then examined and improved utilizing both experiments and Computational Fluid Dynamics.(CFD). The governing equations considered here are the incompressible Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) with an iterative solver for both the pressure-Poisson and momentum equations. Apart from CFD analysis, a prototype was assembled and experimentally tested to validate the CFD outcomes and assess the lift from its bionic rudders. The maneuverability is optimized through careful designs and parameter studies of several features.A head length is determined to balance viscous and pressure drag while achieving the least total drag in the AUV design. Additionally, a disk is introduced at the AUV’s front, which reduces fluid contact, thereby decreasing the viscous drag. While this modification slightly increased pressure drag, it yielded an overall reduction in total drag. Experimental observations confirmed a propulsion speed and underscored the necessity for maximizing rudder extension.The developed AUV’s squid-like design, optimized via CFD, ensures drag reduction by 5.34% and energy efficiency. By mimicking squid dynamics, disturbances to marine biota are minimized. The incorporation of bionic fins, empirically fine-tuned, enhances the AUV’s agility. These attributes establish it as an exceptional prototype, setting a precedent for future coral reef monitoring systems and augmenting conservation strategies.
Role and progress of arginine and its rate-limiting enzyme in the treatment of colorectal cancer
Authors: Liu Jiangchen
Published: October 2023

The treatment for colorectal cancer presents a major challenge worldwide, ranking second to lung cancer in terms ofyearly fatalities. Early detection and surgery are the mainstays of current treatment; additionally, adjuvant anticanceragents are imperative. There is controversy surrounding the use of arginine in treating colorectal cancer, with twomain approaches: arginine deprivation and arginine supplementation. Arginine is essential for the development andprogression of colorectal cancer. As a result, arginine deprivation therapy suggests that pegylated arginine deaminase(ADI-PEG) and pegylated human recombinant Arg-1 (rhArg1-PEG) supplements should be taken in the absence ofargininosuccinate synthetase-1 (ASS1) and argininosuccinate lyase (ASL). This would further reduce the supply ofexogenous arginine, which can effectively inhibit tumor development. Nevertheless, studies have revealed that lowL-arginine levels in tumors restrict T cell activation and proliferation, which, in turn, reduces the immune response andnegatively impacts tumor therapy—furthermore, colonizing MC38 tumors with ECN that produce.High levels of L-Arg combined with anti-PD-L1 antibody significantly improved the effectiveness of PD-L1-mediatedimmunotherapy. This paper reviews arginine’s theoretical and preclinical findings and its rate-limiting enzyme-relatedadjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer.
Application mechanism and anti-corrosion measures of aluminum and titanium alloys in marine environment
Authors: Ma Xingyu
Published: October 2023

With the rapid development of ocean engineering and ships, ocean engineering materials’ corrosion resistance and portability are more prominent. This paper expounds on three aspects: (1) briefly describes the requirements and application of metal materials in ocean engineering. (2) corrosion mechanism of the ocean, corrosion resistance mechanism of aluminum, titanium, and its alloys in seawater. (3) Anti-corrosion measures of metals in the Marine environment. Currently, the research and development of Marine materials lacks the practice and application of low- carbon theory. Therefore, Marine environmental protection and low carbon has become an important development trend in various industries.
The role of tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles in cancer diagnosis and immunotherapies
Authors: Li Xi
Published: October 2023

Cancer is a genetic and metabolic disease caused by mutations of genes, dysregulated metabolism, or environmental factors. Since the cancer rate is among the highest in the 20th century and the incidence keeps elevating in the 21st century, it has been expected that 25% of the population will suffer from cancer during their lifetime. However, as the most promising strategy to treat cancer, only 15-20% of patients achieve durable results with immunotherapy. Thus, we still need to find a new therapeutic and detection strategy to make up for the shortcomings of immunotherapy. Tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles (t-EVs) may be a great helper. This review summarizes the potentials of tumor cell- derived extracellular vesicles used as the cancer biomarkers in cancer early diagnosis and prognostic monitoring and introduces the combined therapy between t-EVs and existing cancer immunotherapies.
Using Deep Learning to Detect Tooth Decay in Children-To what extent can a convolutional neural network be used to detect tooth decay in images of children’s teeth accurately?
Authors: Alangari Sara
Published: October 2023

Approximately 530 million children have untreated cavities, which could affect future permanent teeth if not treated well. Researchers have enhanced X-ray detection of tooth decay to improve the detection of cavities. However, dentophobia and lack of insurance and dentist availability are barriers that constrain thousands from receiving proper dental care. This study used a deep learning convolutional neural network model to address this problem to detect cavities. Three hundred twenty-two photos taken by a camera of child patients were used. The dataset was classified into two classes: cavity and no cavity. The MobileNetV2 architecture was used for feature extraction and cavity detection. The model was then trained and tested so that it classified photos into two categories. The model achieved an accuracy of 93.5%.
Investment Analysis Based on Intrinsic Value in the Information Technology and Pharmaceutical Sectors for Advancements in Digital Healthcare.
Authors: Xinlu Zhang
Published: October 2023

In the annals of financial literature, the 1930s bore witness to a foundational shift with the publication of “Security Analysis” by Benjamin Graham and David Dodd, scholars at Columbia Business School. As articulated therein, value investing advocates for an analytical focus on equities priced beneath their calculated intrinsic or book values. Fundamentally, discerning investors target equities that, upon rigorous analysis, appear to be undervalued by prevailing market standards. Equities, in an economic construct, signify an entity’s ownership and proffer a claim on a specified tranche of its fiscal assets and revenues. To ascertain an equity’s intrinsic worth, investors meticulously examine a company’s foundational metrics, encompassing earnings, dividends, projected cash inflows, and overall fiscal robustness. The tenets of value investing transcend industry boundaries and are universally applicable. Whether in technology, healthcare, consumer goods, or industrial sectors, the principles remain valid, provided investors possess the insight to identify and leverage market inefficiencies. This paper aims to scrutinize prominent entities within the information technology and pharmaceutical arenas, interpreting their financial dynamics through the value investing paradigm.
Ephemeral Reverie: The Fusion of Japanese Painting Tradition and Modernity Professor’s name: Todd Ayoung, Antonio Serna
Authors: Yang Sun
Published: October 2023

This paper mainly discusses digital exhibitions and ‘Ephemeral Reverie’ as an art form. Digital art has broken the limitations of traditional art, such as geographical barriers, and delivered art to a larger audience through many digital platforms. The exhibition ‘Ephemeral Reverie’ allows visitors to experience art on a deeper level and think about the cultural background and social development behind ‘Ephemeral Reverie.’
Profit Forecast Accuracy of Time Series Model - A Case Study of Associated British Foods
Authors: Yunfan Sun
Published: October 2023

Accurate earnings per share (EPS) forecasting is crucial for financial decision-making. This study explores the potential of improving EPS forecasting accuracy by integrating economic lead indicators into time-series models. By incorporating macroeconomic factors like GDP growth and interest rates, the models capture the influence of the broader economic environment on a company’s financial performance. Results demonstrate that including economic lead indicators significantly enhances EPS predictability beyond traditional time-series models. This integration offers a forward-looking perspective, comprehensive analysis, and context to the forecasting process, enabling stakeholders to make more informed investment decisions and develop better strategies. Further research can investigate additional lead indicators, assess their impact in different industries, and develop hybrid forecasting models for refined EPS predictions.
Analysis of the Weighted Graph Shortest Path Problem: Algorithms, Applications, and Challenges
Authors: Huo Chaofan
Published: October 2023

In this paper, I will integrate what I have learned in the course to systematically review the concepts, challenges, and solutions involved in the shortest path problem. I will also introduce the applications and solutions of distributed algorithms to this problem. Moreover, based on the article ‘Distributed Approximation Algorithms for Weighted Shortest Paths’ that I have read, I will introduce the solutions for the single-source shortest path problem (SPP) from my understanding.
A Comparative Study of Deep Learning Approaches for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Super-Resolution Image Classification
Authors: Miao Hui , Horrocks Mathew , Vallejo Marta
Published: October 2023

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal degenerative neurological disease known as motor neuron disease. According to research, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis affects nerve cells related to movement in the brain and spinal cord, leading to the death of motor neurons, making the brain unable to control muscle movement, and resulting in a significant loss of motor nerve cells, leading to muscle atrophy. In the early stages of ALS, symptoms are mild, often go unnoticed, and can easily be confused with other diseases. Patients may only feel symptoms such as weakness, convulsions, and fatigue, gradually develop muscle atrophy all over the body, difficulty swallowing, and finally die of respiratory failure. TDP-43 is a DNA/RNA binding protein typically located in the nucleus regulating various steps of RNA metabolism. Meanwhile, TDP-43 is the most prominent pathological protein in the characteristics of ALS patients.[1] TDP-43 is depleted in the nucleus in nearly all ALS cases but accumulates in the cytoplasm.Deep learning is learning the internal laws and representation levels of sample data. The information obtained from these learning processes can significantly help interpret data such as text, images, and sounds. Its goal is to enable machines to analyze and learn like humans and recognize data. Additionally, super-resolution microscopy can be used to observe the conformation of proteins in biological samples, thereby gaining insight into the structure and assembly mechanism of TDP-43 aggregates.This project aims to use super-resolution images for machine learning to build a model for classifying ALS patients from non-ALS patients. At the same time, multiple neural network models are used for training and then compared to select the model with the highest accuracy.
Intelligent Analysis Methods and Methodology of Banking Regulation Rules - Real Issues and Improvements in the Implementation by Commercial Banks
Authors: Haoyang An
Published: October 2023

Banking regulation rules serve as the institutional basis for promoting commercial banks’ healthy and sustainable development. The linguistic complexity within the regulation discourse system leads to challenges in overall comprehension and execution, as well as disparities in interpretation and enforcement. By introducing intelligent analysis methods, the author conducts comparative analysis and historical research on regulation rules from both cross- sectional and historical development perspectives. This approach maximizes the exploration of regulation essence and the identification of laws of change, thus enhancing the effective implementation of regulation rules in the design of commercial banking systems.
Design and Fabrication of Robotic arm for Multiple Degrees of Freedom Control
Authors: Yao Xinwen
Published: October 2023

This paper details the design, construction, and evaluation of a highly flexible, high-precision robotic arm primarily used in prosthetic and rehabilitation engineering applications. The robotic arm was designed using 3D printing and SolidWorks and features a modular design that simplifies the manufacturing process and improves scalability. The arm has three degrees of freedom and is realized by a well-designed circuit program integrating ESP32 and STM32 microcontrollers. The structural integrity and functionality of the arm were verified through finite element analysis and kinematic simulation. The study also presents a novel path-planning algorithm for the robot arm, which is based on linear position and Gaussian velocity models and is effective in generating smooth, continuous, and physically constrained paths. This work provides an open-source solution that offers a cost-effective and robust platform for diverse robotics applications.
Effects of pet ownership on arterial hypertension and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Zhu Yuxuan
Published: October 2023

Preventing high blood pressure and reducing cardiovascular risk are the cornerstones of preventing and treating cardiovascular disease. Non-traditional cardiovascular risk reduction The potential applicability of methods, such as pet ownership, has attracted increasing attention. Studies have shown that pet ownership can reduce the risk of death from any cause, especially cardiovascular disease, and pet ownership can reduce the risk of high blood pressure and improve blood pressure control in people with diagnosed hypertension. This article focuses on the direct and indirect influencing factors of pet ownership on cardiovascular diseases, briefly reviews the research on the relationship between pet ownership and human coronary artery disease (CAD) in the past decade, and briefly describes the research methods, analysis models, main conclusions, and limitations. The aim is to prove whether pet ownership, especially dog ownership, is associated with a reduced risk of coronary artery disease and ultimately draw positive conclusions that provide new ideas for treating this type of disease in the future.
Brazil: Central Bank Monetary Policy and Economic Growth
Authors: Siyu Qian
Published: October 2023

The paper mainly talks about the central bank monetary policies in Brazil. It also talks about the economic growth in Brazil. The paper utilizes several analysis skills, such as comparing the economic indicators between Brazil and the United States, analyzing the exchange rate policy, and analyzing the Government Fiscal Debt to explain the viewpoints. Several key findings have emerged throughout this analysis regarding the topics discussed: (1)Regarding social and institutional quality measurements, it is crucial to assess indicators such as the Human Development Index, poverty rates, access to healthcare and education, governance effectiveness, and corruption levels. (2) Policymakers can implement policies to improve foreign investor perceptions, such as enhancing regulatory frameworks, facilitating market access, developing infrastructure, promoting investor education, and encouraging foreign participation.
A Survey on the Latest Developed Emotion Recognition and Legged Robots
Authors: Liu Letian
Published: October 2023

As robots are being applied to increasing industrial fields, they began to hold the main position in dealing with an amount of different practical tasks gradually. To figure out certain relationships between robots and humans and how legged robots can achieve adaptive behavior, in this paper, I analyzed a couple of principles of recently designed emotion recognition and legged robots by comparing and summarizing the methods and functions of the trains of thought of two kinds of newly designed robots-Emotion Recognition and Legged Robots. Legs are nothing new for humans or animals, but fitting a robot with legs and making them perform functions similar to humans’ legs is a complex problem. As we can see from the fact that babies learn to walk and the learning curve involved, which indicates that even humans with good motor intelligence spend years learning to walk when they are very young, it’s not difficult to imagine the difficulty of creating legs for a robot and training it to walk properly. Meanwhile, Emotional recognition is the cornerstone of Human-Robot Interaction, and its main task is to establish an intelligent computing system that can analyze and recognize human emotions from speech, text, video, and other modes to realize humanized communication between humans and machines, which is of great theoretical significance and practical application value. The search results on these robots can help to illustrate some specific task execution procedures and serve as a motivation to better understand the design methods of robot learning.
INVESTIGATION OF HEAT TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FUEL FROM WOOD WASTE AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
Authors: Ivanova Irena , Russkova Irina
Published: October 2023

In this article, some features of wood waste as a fuel are investigated, and their influence on the gasification process is assessed. Various thermal characteristics of prototype wood samples were studied and the composition of the working mass of fuel from wood waste (fuel chips and sawdust) was determined. The results of the research showed that wood waste differs from wood fuel only in an increased content of ash and moisture. A technique is proposed that determines the optimal value of the parameters of the combustion process and, first of all, the moisture content of the samples. This contributes to the production of high-calorific producer gas and reduces the cost of drying waste to a completely dry state.

Conclusions are drawn about the environmental friendliness and prospects for the use of wood waste as an alternative, efficient and environmentally friendly fuel.
TO THE QUESTION OF ENGAGEMENT OF VOLUNTEER FIRE TO GUARD SERVICE: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Authors: Greshnih Antonina , Rondirev-Ilinsky Vladimir , Krasilnikov Dmitry , Artamonov V
Published: October 2023

Issues related to the training and involvement of members of the voluntary fire brigade on duty in the divisions of the State fire service are considered, using the example of the Nizhnevartovsk region of the Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous okrug – Yugra. The main tasks, the procedure for passing the duty of voluntary fire brigades are determined. In order to increase the efficiency of the activities of voluntary fire brigades, it was proposed to conduct exercises and work out activities planned during the period of duty.depending on the current operational situation with fires. The issue of the development of voluntary fire brigades of the period before 1917 is briefly considered in a historical retrospective.
ALGORITHM FOR MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS OF TEXT INFORMATION
Authors: Vostryh Alexey , Medvedev Dmitry
Published: October 2023

The article presents the author's algorithm for multi-criteria analysis of textual information, the main purpose of which is to increase the efficiency of emergency services, including the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. This algorithm is based on a comprehensive assessment of information coming from social networks using a range of different types of heterogeneous data studies.

The developed algorithm will speed up data collection, optimize their analysis, develop preventive scenarios for possible incidents, as well as reduce resource costs, optimize management proposals and justify decisions made.
DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING THE OPERATIONAL EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION IN LOCAL FIRE AND RESCUE GARRISONS
Authors: Korneychuk Kristina , Loran Nikolay , Gilek Sergey
Published: October 2023

The article analyzes the issues related to the quality of passing operational information in fire and rescue garrisons. The existing technological solutions are considered and recommendations for improving the efficiency of the exchange of operational information are proposed. Recommendations are given that take into account the use of modern information technologies, including the leading trends of digital transformation. The stages of automation of the main processes of information exchange of fire and rescue garrisons of fire protection are determined.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ECONOMIC AND MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR MONITORING THE TOTAL COST OF RISKS IN THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF INVESTMENT AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
Authors: Astashenko Alexandra
Published: October 2023

When managing the processes of implementing investment and construction projects, conditions of varying levels of uncertainty arise, giving rise to risky situations. Ignoring risk situations when implementing investment and construction projects leads to the emergence of risk combinations and increased risk costs and eliminating their consequences. Determining the risk intensity of a risk situation (combination) is becoming increasingly relevant; in this regard, the relevance of developing a model for monitoring the total cost of risks of investment and construction projects is increasing.

The purpose of the study is to develop an economic and mathematical model for monitoring the total cost of risks of investment and construction projects. It has been established that in the military sphere, the amount of material costs for product development is significantly influenced by risks associated with the internal and external environment. This article examines existing models of investment and construction projects and identifies their distinctive aspects. The novelty of the ongoing research lies in the author’s approach to developing a model for monitoring the total cost of risks at various stages of the life cycle of investment and construction projects. The practical significance of the results lies in the possibility of monitoring the total cost of risks of investment and construction projects at all stages of its life cycle, estimating, based on the proposed model, the final total cost of investment and construction projects by summing up all the total costs of risks of the stages of investment and construction projects. These measures are aimed at preventing a risk situation or risk combination and ensuring the implementation of investment and construction projects. A design-process approach to feasibility studies and process management of investment and construction projects is proposed.

Recommendations for applying the results obtained are the need to assess the total cost of risks of investment and construction projects at all stages of its life cycle in order to determine the source of its occurrence.
SIMULATION MODEL FOR DECISION SUPPORT OF LOCATORING FIRE AND RESCUE UNITS IN SAINT-PETERSBURG
Authors: Akhunova Daria
Published: October 2023

The article proposes the author's simulation model, which allows the decision maker to solve the problem of locating fire and rescue units in the study area. The model is based on mechanisms for finding optimal routes for fire and rescue units to reach the call site. The software implementation of the model allows you to visualize the study area, divided into many fragments, with a view to covering it with fire and rescue units, taking into account the possible delivery time of forces and equipment. When estimating the time for delivery of forces and equipment to places of possible incidents, the influence of external factors, such as road junctions, one-way roads, crossings, statistical traffic jams and road repairs, was taken into account.

The study was conducted in the city of Saint-Petersburg. As a result of the modeling, it was revealed that to fully cover the city territory, three new divisions are needed, and their locations were determined.
TO THE ISSUE OF ENSURING FIRE SAFETY OF CONTROL FACILITIES
Authors: Kuzmina Tatyana , Marchenko Mikhail
Published: October 2023

Ensuring fire safety is one of the priority tasks of the state. Over the past few years, against the background of a decrease in the total number of dead people in fires, there has been a slight increase in the number of dead people in certain types of fire objects. To minimize the possibility of fires at supervised facilities, which are primarily dangerous in that they may lead to death, existing algorithms for motivating compliance with fire safety requirements for unscrupulous controlled persons are needed. The article considers the peculiarities of the implementation of control and supervisory activities at present, which may have a potential impact on the motivational component while complying with fire safety requirements at supervised facilities. The data of international fire statistics on the average number of dead people per 100 thousand people of the population are given, the dynamics of this indicator for Russia for the periods 2015–2019, 2016–2020, 2017–2021 are indicated. Official data of departmental fire statistics of EMERCOM of Russia on the number of dead people per 100 thousand people of the population are given, by the number of dead people, by the distribution of the number of dead people by certain types of fire objects, the dynamics of these indicators for the period 2019–2022, as well as for 3 months 2023, is indicated. A number of changes in the part of the regulatory framework and features related to the federal state fire supervision were noted and analyzed. The official data of the departmental statistics of EMERCOM of Russia of the law enforcement practice of the federal state fire supervision are indicated, the dynamics of individual indicators for the period 2021–2022 is indicated. It was concluded that it is necessary to continue to reduce the unreasonable administrative burden in relation to conscientious objects of control and to motivate the prevention of non-compliance with fire safety requirements by unscrupulous objects of control.
PARAMETRICAL METHOD FOR CALCULATION OF TRIANGULAR WEIGHT COEFFICIENTS IN MATRIX OF PAIRED COMPARISONS
Authors: Peftibai Georgy , Galukhin Nikolay , Ivakhnenko Andrey
Published: October 2023

The article deals with development of the method for calculation of triangular weight coefficients in fuzzy problem of decision making. The study objective is to improve the accuracy of triangular weight coefficient determination. In order to achieve the above-mentioned objective, a set of methods of scientific and empirical investigation: analysis and splitting of the problem into two tasks, methods of mathematical programming and fuzzy logic, method of comparison. The required weight coefficients are represented in a parametrical form with unlike fuzzy parameters which allowed for two tasks to be separated and formalized: determination of modal values and the task to determine fuzziness parameters. Both tasks have been formulated in terms of non-linear mathematical programming. The proposed method differs from the known ones by using the parameters of triangular numbers fuzziness as optimized variables which are assumed to be different for the left and right borders in all weight coefficients.

The proposed approach allowed for the accuracy of weight coefficients to be improved. The accuracy validation was conducted comparing with the known LLSM method on two matrices. The calculations have demonstrated that the integral absolute error of the proposed method more than twice smaller than that of the know method for each of the matrices.
HANDLING WITH OFFICE INFORMATION TO OF EMERCOM OF RUSSIA: HARMONIZATION OF TERMINOLOGY
Authors: Metelkov Alexander , Utkin Oleg
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the article is to study the logical and sematic accuracy of the use of technical terms in the organizational, legal and organizational and administrative documents of EMERCOM of Russia for the protection of service information, streamlining individual terms in the field of information security. The formation of the conceptual apparatus in the field of information security is singled out as a general methodological problem of information security. The definition of departmental terminology and its harmonization with common approaches allows increasing the security of information. The content of the goal of protecting information of limited distribution is studied and it is proposed to clarify it in the governing document of EMERCOM of Russia. Deals with the concepts of the term information carrier, the types of carriers are reviewed. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that, in view of the internationalization of education, the terminological system of the educational sphere of the russian and english languages today needs to be harmonized. As a result of comparison with similar documents of other state bodies and analysis of the content of terms, inconsistencies in the terminology used in individual departmental documents on the organization of the protection of confidential information were revealed. In order to protect such information, discrepancies have been established between the norms of federal legislation and the departmental procedure for handling proprietary information of limited distribution.
ALGORITHM FOR MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS OF TEXT INFORMATION
Authors: Buinevich Mikhail , Yaroshenko Alexander
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the problem of formalization of requirements for various objects and systems. Such a rigorous recording of requirements will allow not only to form their necessary and sufficient set, but also to choose the optimal order of their fulfillment – that is, to solve the problem of ranking. For this purpose, a review of relevant scientific publications of Russian scientists is carried out, in which the point of view on the formal form of recording such requirements is presented. The results of the review are systematized in tabular form. All years of publications have a range of 15 years, the field of application of requirements presents a great variety from design of information systems and mechanical devices in spacecraft to educational planning, and the proposed forms of recording consist of separate formulas and text descriptions to full-fledged models and programming languages.

According to the results of the review, appropriate conclusions are drawn, namely the following: the relevance of the problem (at least for the last 15 years), the lack of quality solutions, a multitude of proposed forms of record with a small predominance of analytical models and programming languages, poor automation of work with requirements. It is concluded that there are no solutions, even potentially applicable for the formation of a system of requirements for information security of information systems in a unified notation. The necessity of creation of own mathematical toolkit is substantiated both for unified formalization of all requirements of various types and purposes, and for carrying out optimization measures over them on the choice of the list and order of execution. In conclusion the novelty of the conducted research, theoretical and practical significance of the work are indicated.
Suicidal ingestion of organophosphate compound (Sniper): A case report
Authors: Etta OE  , Ekpe EE  , Antai MM
Published: October 2023

Background: Organophosphate insecticide is one of the leading causes of poisoning in many developing Countries.Aim: To describe a typical case of organophosphate poisoning and discuss its management.Case Presentation: An 18 years old female Supermarket sales attendant presented with history of intentional ingestion of organophosphate(OP) compound(Sniper) to commit suicide. She was unconscious, and in severe respiratory distress. Her baseline vital signs were as follows: Pulse rate 52/m, Blood pressure-140/80mmHg, respiratory rate 32/m, and temperature 37.6°C.She had bilateral coarse crepitations and the SpO2 ranged between 40-65%. She was managed with intravenous normal saline, atropine at 1mg stat, then 2mg repeated every 5 minutes up to four times, followed by 8mg added to 500ml of normal saline in continuous infusion for 5 hours.Also, she was intubated and manually ventilated in addition to other supportive care in ICU. She regained consciousness within 24hours and was extubated. However, she developed a sudden acute cardiorespiratory distress and died in the second day of ICU admission.

Conclusion: Severe organophosphate poisoning may be fatal. Early presentation to the hospital, prompt diagnosis and treatment with appropriate dose regimen of atropine, and other supportive care may improve survival.
Uyo self-retaining and adjustable lens holder: A novel technique for vitreoretinal surgery
Authors: Megbelayin EO
Published: October 2023

Background: Contact lenses still have a place in vitreoretinal surgeries despite the availability of much easier non-contact modality of placing lenses to view retina during surgeries. Uyo Self-Retaining and Adjustable Lens Holder (US-ALeH), enhances usability by not requiring suturing to cornea and adaptable to all sizes of contact lenses.

Objective: To describe an innovative do-it-yourself contact lens that is both self-retaining and adjustable.

Methods: Literature and internet search for relevant information on the subject of ophthalmic innovations relevant to discussion in view.

Results: US-AleH is useful in vitreoretinal surgery whenever shortened surgical time is desired and contact lens is still the choice based on surgeon’s preference.Conclusion: US-AleH is easy to use, achieves its purpose of a comfortable lens placement and above all does not infringe on surgical time.
Paragonimiasis: A knowledge and awareness survey of clinicians in southern Nigeria on a neglected tropical disease
Authors: Oloyede IP  , Ekanem AM  , Eduwem DU
Published: October 2023

Context: Paragonimiasis is one of the re-emerging neglected tropical diseases endemic in southern Nigeria. Its symptomology is similar to that of tuberculosis resulting in frequent cases of misdiagnosis

Objective: To determine the knowledge of clinicians in one of the endemic states in southern Nigeria on the cause and transmission of paragonimiasis.

Methods: A questionnaire based, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among Resident doctors in the departments of Internal medicine, Paediatrics, family medicine, community health and Obstetrics and gynaecology practising in University of Uyo Teaching Hospital. The doctors were consecutively recruited during their weekly academic training meetings in February 2020. Data was analysed using Stata version 10.

Results: A total of 61 respondents filled the questionnaires out of which 45 (73.8%) doctors admitted to have heard about the disease previously and the commonest source was from medical school in 29 (60.4%) of the respondents.  Forty five (73.4%) respondents correctly identified the causative agent of paragonimiasis as a helminth. The top three symptoms identified by respondents were haemoptysis 37 (60.7%), cough 37 (60.7%) and chest pain 30 (49.2%). Seventeen (27.9%) respondents could correctly identify the sequelae of paragonimiasis. The confirmatory investigations requested for were stool analysis, sputum analysis by six (28%) and five (23.8%) respondents respectively. Nineteen (31.1%) respondents knew the correct mode of transmission and 23 (37.7%) respondents knew that paragonimiasis mimics TB. Only 3 (15%) respondents knew praziquantel as drug of choice. The majority 43 (70.5%) had never treated the condition. Only 21 (34.4%) of the respondents had a good level of knowledge of the symptoms of paragonimiasis.

Conclusion: This study has identified a knowledge gap in the aetiology, route of transmission, diagnosis, treatment and complications of paragonimiasis among clinicians in an endemic area in southern Nigeria. We therefore recommend intensified efforts in training clinicians and other health workers on the aetiology and diagnosis of paragonimiasis through regular continuous medical education of their professional associations, departmental academic programs and update courses of the various postgraduate colleges in order to prevent misdiagnosis and delayed treatment of patients with paragonimiasis.
Occupational hazards and health problems among street sweepers in Uyo, Nigeria
Authors: Johnson OE  , John UA
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The job of street sweepers is a vigorous task which exposes workers to many hazards and health problems. This study assessed the occupational hazards, health problems and   utilization of personal protective equipment (PPE) among street sweepers in Uyo, Nigeria.Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study among street sweepers. Data collection was carried out using an interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire. Data obtained was analysed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The level of significance was set at 0.05.Result: A total of 150 sweepers participated in the study. The mean age was 37.47±10.58 years, the median was 37 years and 88 (58.7%) were females. The mean period of employment was 2.89±1.20 years. No sweeper received any safety training about the job. Majority (77.1%) swept approximately 238m daily. The commonest hazards reported were dust 141(94.0%), cold 129 (86.0%), mosquitoes 74 (49.3%) and prolonged bending 149 (99.3%). Health problems reported included musculoskeletal diseases 63.3%, respiratory symptoms 47.3%, fever 32.0% and hand/foot injuries 18%. The most commonly utilized PPE was reflectors 98 (65.3%). None used goggles and boots. Musculoskeletal pain occurred with increasing age, distance and duration of sweeping (p<0.001). There was a significant association between lack of use of face mask and the occurrence of respiratory symptoms (p<0.05).Conclusion: Sweepers in Uyo were exposed to several workplace hazards. The availability and use of PPEs were low. Consequently, several health challenges were faced. Adequate provision of PPEs should be ensured by employers in order to mitigate the effects of hazards on sweepers.
Establishing an Indigenous Cardiac Anaesthesia Service in Enugu: Report of two cases of Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) closure
Authors: Onyekwulu FA  , Nwafor IA  , Ezemba N  , Ogudua F
Published: October 2023

Background: Open heart surgery program require enormous resources and commitment to establish. In low and middle income countries like Nigeria it is quite a difficult task. The surgery requires highly sophisticated equipment and specially trained professional teams. The training is done abroad and requires long term planning.Case report: We report two cases of two patients, aged 20 and 30-years diagnosed with Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) scheduled for surgical closure under general anaesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass carried out by a completely indigenous team. The anaesthetic management and the strategy necessary for developing a sustainable open heart program are discussed.
Impact of dental education on DMFT index among undergraduate dental students in selected Nigerian universities
Authors: Igbinosa LO  , Ogbeide ME
Published: October 2023

Background: DMFT is used to denote decayed, missing and filled teeth. The DMFT index is the universally employed index for measuring dental caries status. Dental caries is the most common oral disease affecting all age groups and a major cause of tooth loss. A fundamental purpose of dental education is to develop health professionals who will maintain and improve the oral health status of individuals and populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of dental education on the occurrence of DMFT among undergraduate dental students in Nigeria.Materials and Method: The study was a cross-sectional survey involving the use of a multi-stage sampling technique to select 812 undergraduate dental students from six institutions. Structured questionnaires were designed in two sections (A and B). Section A on socio-demographic data was self-administered and section B on oral examination was interviewer-administered. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test at 5% level of significance.Results: The mean age of the respondents was 22.0±3.0 years. The overall prevalence of dental caries among the participants was 24%. The median DMFT score was 0.0 and the range was 0.0 – 8.0. The decayed component of the DMFT decreased significantly from 22.4% in 100 level to 7.2% in 600 level (p<0.0001) and the filled component increased significantly from 2.5% in 100 level to 13.1% in 600 level (p<0.018).Conclusion: Dental education had a positive influence on dental caries status of the subjects.
Management of Malignant Pleural Effusion (MPE) in a Tertiary Hospital in a low-income-country: Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Nwafor IA  , Nnakenyi EF  , Eze JC  , Nwidenyi IO
Published: October 2023

Background: In the West African sub-region, significant morbidity and mortality are known to affect patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE) but are highly under reported unlike USA, Europe or South Africa.Aim/Objective: To review cases of MPE in our tertiary hospital in the last 13 years with a view to determining the challenges and prospects.Materials and Method: This is a retrospective study spanning over a decade from January, 2007 to December, 2019. Malignant pleural effusion from various neoplasms constitutes the commonest thoracic malignancy in our tertiary hospital. After 13 years of management of such patients, we reviewed the data from the hospital record’s department. The data obtained were demography, aetiology, total number of pleural fluid specimens for cytology and pleural biopsies submitted for histology, pleurodesis and other treatment modalities.Result: 211 patients with MPE were admitted and managed during the period under review. Of these numbers, 135(64.0%) were confirmed cytologically positive (MPE). 76(36.0%) tested falsely negative and were initially regarded as paramalignant, later confirmed MPE. The age affected was from 7 to 81 years with a mean of 44 years. Of 211 patients with MPE, 94 were males while 117 were females, with a male to female ratio of 4:5. Aetiologically, metastatic breast cancer was the highest followed by advance lung cancer.Conclusion: Submission of insufficient samples resulted in false negative cytology. Review of recurrent pleural effusion and exophytic tumour at the sites of CTTD resulted in late diagnosis of MPE. Additionally, prolonged hospital stay awaiting CTTD and cytology results are among the challenges.
use of harmonic scalpel in thyroid surgery in a tertiary hospital, south-south, Nigeria – early outcomes assessment
Authors: Agbonrofo PI  , Irowa OO
Published: October 2023

Context: The advent of surgical energy devices has brought innovations with their use in thyroid surgeries. Despite the widespread use of Harmonic scalpel for decades since its inception in developed countries, there is a paucity of its use in low-resource countries. This report represents our early experience with Harmonic scalpel thyroidectomy in a low-resource setting.Subjects and Methods: A 16-month audit (June 2018 – September 2019) of thyroid surgeries in a tertiary/referral health facility in South-south, Nigeria was carried out. Eleven patients underwent harmonic scalpel thyroidectomy, however, only 10 patients had complete records and were included in the study. Relevant data including age, sex, pre-operative diagnosis, type of surgery, duration of surgery, blood loss, complication and duration of hospital stay were analyzed using IBM corporation Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistics for windows, version 21.0. Armonk, New York, United States of America.Results: Median age was 36 years, 9 were female, most had non-toxic multinodular goitre (40%). Procedures include lobectomy/isthmusectomy (40%), subtotal thyroidectomy, near-total thyroidectomy, total thyroidectomy (20% each. Mean duration of surgery was 83.5±23.1mins. Mean Estimated Blood Loss was 145.0±76.2mls while 90% had mild pain. Weight of thyroid gland ranged from 99 – 420g with a median weight of 300g. Mean duration of hospital stay was 3.1±0.99 days. Transient voice change was noted in 10% of patients. These values were significantly lower than those obtained for conventional thyroidectomy during the period (one-sample t-test, p<0.001).Conclusion: Our early experience with the harmonic scalpel in thyroidectomy has shown the device to be versatile, easy to use, safe and effective with a significant reduction in blood loss, duration of surgery, postoperative complication and improved recovery time.
Penerapan ETAP untuk Pencatatan Keuangan pada Usaha Kecil Menengah
Authors: Handayani Sri , Suryaningrum Diah Hari
Published: October 2023

UKM merupakan kelompok pelaku ekonomi terbesar dalam perekonomian Indonesia dan salah satu pendorong terdepan dalam pembangunan ekonomi. Sebagai poros kebangkitan perekonomian nasional, UKM bukan sektor yang tanpa masalah. Selain masalah permodalan, salah satu masalah yang dihadapi dan sekaligus menjadi kelemahan UKM adalah penerapan akuntansi yang sesuai dengan SAK ETAP yang memiliki peran penting dalam memberikan informasi tetntang efektivitas dan efisiensi dari kegiatan yang telah dilakukan selama satu periode akuntansi yang disebut dengan laporan keuangan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis proses pencatatan transaksi yang dilakukan UD Bina Mitra, untuk mengetahui kesesuaian antara pembukuan UD Bina Mitra dengan Standart Akuntansi Keuangan Tanpa Akuntabilitas Publik, dan untuk mengetahui kendala-kendala apa saja yang ditemui pada saat melakukan pembukuan yang sesuai dengan Standart Akuntansi Keuangan Entitas Tanpa Akuntabilitas Publik. Standart Akuntansi Keuangan Entitas Tanpa Akuntabilitas Publik belum sepenuhnya diterapkan di laporan keuangan UD Bina Mitra. Laporan yang dibuat masih sederhana, hal tersebut agar mudah dipahami oleh pengguna laporan keuangan. Pemilik belum mengetahui tentang adanya SAK ETAP, hal ini dikarenakan kurangnya sosialisasi oleh pihak terkait yang berdampak belum sepenuhny Usaha Kecil Menengah memahami dan mengerti Standart Akuntansi Keuangan Entitas Tanpa Akuntabilitas Publik pada laporan keuangannya.