bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Death Positivity in America: The Movement—Its History and Literature
Authors: Incorvaia Aubrey DeVeny
Published: April 2022

Western society is in an era of death awareness, its most recent salience: A Positive Death Movement. This article traces the evolution of American death culture by describing key periods of change, starting with the 1700s and going through the 21st century, and overviews contemporary movement scholarship. Experts suggest our current epoch is one in which a diffuse collection of individuals and organizations advocate for approaching death differently. Movement proponents aim to modify society’s “conventional” death framework, which is characterized as medicalized, institutionalized, impersonal, and lacking psychosocial emotional preparation and engagement.
The Effectiveness of a Counselling Program in Reducing the Death Anxiety and Improving Self-Efficacy Among a Sample of Female Middle-Aged Teachers Recovered from COVID-19 Virus
Authors: AlZaben Mamduh , Al Adwan Fatima
Published: April 2022

This study explored the effectiveness of a counselling program in reducing the death anxiety and improving self-efficacy among a sample of female middle-aged teachers recovered from COVID-19 virus in Jordan. The latter program is based on cognitive behavioural therapy. The sample consists from 22 female middle-aged teachers recovered from COVID-19 virus. The ages of those children range between 35 and 50 years. The study was carried out during the year 2020–2021. The chosen teachers were divided into two groups randomly (i.e. control and experimental groups). The experimental group consists from 11 teachers who were enrolled in the proposed counselling program that is based on cognitive behavioural therapy. This program consists from 16 sessions. The control group consists from 11 teachers who were not enrolled in the proposed counselling program. The death anxiety and self-efficacy scales were used before and after implementing the program. They were used after 4 weeks since the date of finishing the implementation of the program. The researchers found that there are significant differences – at the significance level of (a ≤ 0.05) – between the control and experimental groups in terms of the death anxiety and self-efficacy levels for the favour of the experimental group. The researchers found that there is a need to use this program due to the impact of this program on the experimental group after 1 month since the date of finishing the implementation of the program.
Initial-Stage Suicide Bereavement Experiences: A Case Study
Authors: Chen Yan , Laitila Aarno
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to shed light on the initial-stage bereavement experiences of an individual bereaved by suicide, at three months from the loss of his spouse to suicide. A semi-structured in-depth interview was conducted with the individual, a man in his thirties. The data were analyzed using qualitative assimilation analysis, based on the Assimilation Model and the Assimilation of Problematic Experiences Scale (APES). The APES ratings of the interview revealed that the individual’s bereavement was associated with the earlier stages of APES (all scoring under 3.5). In addition, the swift and frequent fluctuations in the APES ratings gave indications that the bereavement was unstable and complicated. It is suggested that mental health professionals could use APES to evaluate suicide bereavement and take note of the APES evaluations in clinical interventions.
Hospitalized Women Have Anxiety and Worse Mental Health Scores than Men
Authors: Paula da Silva Ramos Ana , Fernandes de Souza Ribeiro Juliana , Lima Trajano Eduardo Tavares , Aurélio dos Santos Silva Marco , Alexsandra da Silva Neto Trajano Larissa
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to assess the levels of anxiety, depression, and quality of life in hospitalized men and women using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Short Form-36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36). 60 patients of both sexes were recruited from at the outpatient department of the Hospital Universitário de Vassouras (HUV). The HADS-Anxiety (HADS-A) and BAI questionnaires were used to assess anxiety; the HADS-Depression (HADS-D) questionnaire to assess levels of depression, and the SF-36 to assess the quality of life. The results indicated that hospitalized women had higher levels of anxiety when compared to men. No difference was observed in the levels of depression between men and women. Regarding quality of life, women showed more deterioration in general and mental health compared to men. Thus, the findings suggest that hospitalized women have higher levels of anxiety when compared to men and that this increase can lead to worse general and mental health. Professionals should be aware of possible psychological changes in hospitalized women as they can affect the overall quality of life.
Characteristics of People With and Without Laboratory-Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection During Pregnancy, Massachusetts, March 2020–March 2021
Authors: Shephard Hanna M. , Manning Susan E. , Nestoridi Eirini , Brown Catherine , Yazdy Mahsa M.
Published: April 2022

Objectives:

Pregnant people infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, are at increased risk for severe illness and death compared with nonpregnant people. However, population-based information comparing characteristics of people with and without laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is limited. We compared the characteristics of people with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy in Massachusetts.

Methods:

We compared maternal demographic characteristics, pre-pregnancy conditions, and pregnancy complications of people with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy with completed pregnancies resulting in a live birth in Massachusetts during March 1, 2020–March 31, 2021. We tested for significant differences in the distribution of characteristics of pregnant people by SARS-CoV-2 infection status overall and stratified by race and ethnicity. We used modified Poisson regression analyses to examine the association between race and ethnicity and SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy.

Results:

Of 69 960 completed pregnancies identified during the study period, 3119 (4.5%) had laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. Risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection was higher among Hispanic (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] = 2.3; 95% CI, 2.1-2.6) and non-Hispanic Black (aRR = 1.9; 95% CI, 1.7-2.1) pregnant people compared with non-Hispanic White pregnant people.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates the disproportionate impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black pregnant people in Massachusetts, which may widen existent inequities in maternal morbidity and mortality. Future research is needed to elucidate the structural factors leading to these inequities.
Patients’ Perspectives on Emergency Department COVID-19 Vaccination and Vaccination Messaging Through Randomized Vignettes
Authors: Waxman Michael J. , Ray Maile , Schechter-Perkins Elissa M. , Faryar Kiran , Flynn Karen Coen , Breen Mandi , Wojcik Susan M. , Berry Fiona , Zheng Amy , Ata Ashar , Lerner E. Brooke , Lyons Michael S. , McGinnis Sandra
Published: April 2022

Objectives:

Emergency departments (EDs) could play an important role in the COVID-19 pandemic response by reaching patients who would otherwise not seek vaccination in the community. Prior to expanding COVID-19 vaccination to the acute care setting, we assessed ED patients’ COVID-19 vaccine status, perspectives, and hypothetical receptivity to ED-based vaccination.

Methods:

From January 11 through March 31, 2021, we conducted a multisite (Albany Medical Center, Boston Medical Center, Buffalo General Hospital, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, and Upstate Medical Center), cross-sectional survey of ED patients, with embedded randomization for participants to receive 1 of 4 vignette vaccination messages (simple opt-in message, recommendation by the hospital, community-oriented message, and acknowledgment of vaccine hesitancy). Main outcomes included COVID-19 vaccination status, prior intention to be vaccinated, and receptivity to randomized hypothetical vignette messages.

Results:

Of 610 participants, 122 (20.0%) were vaccinated, 234 (38.4%) had prior intent to be vaccinated, 111 (18.2%) were unsure as to prior intent, and 143 (23.4%) had no prior intent to be vaccinated. Vaccine hesitancy (participants who were vaccine unsure or did not intend to receive the vaccine) was associated with the following: age <45 years, female, non-Hispanic Black, no primary health care, and no prior influenza vaccination. Overall, 364 of 565 (64.4%; 95% CI, 60.3%-68.4%) were willing to accept a hypothetical vaccination in the ED. Among participants with prior vaccine hesitancy, a simple opt-in message resulted in the highest acceptance rates to hypothetical vaccination (39.7%; 95% CI, 27.6%-52.8%).

Conclusions:

EDs have appropriate patient populations to initiate COVID-19 vaccination programs as a supplement to community efforts. A simple opt-in approach may offer the best messaging to reach vaccine-hesitant ED patients.
A sustainable strategy for preparation of flame-retardant cotton fabric by phosphorylation of recycled cotton
Authors: Zhou Xinke , Liu Yansong , Ren Yuanlin , Liu Xiaohui
Published: April 2022

The recycling and reutilization of cotton waste are in line with the sustainable development of society. Therefore, in this work, an environmentally friendly cellulose phosphate ammonium salt was synthesized by phosphorylation of cotton waste. Then the cotton fabrics were modified with cellulose phosphate ammonium salt by using the dip–dry–cure technique to obtain flame-retardant cotton fabric. The surface morphology, characteristic functional groups, and elemental components were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicated that the cellulose phosphate ammonium salt was immobilized onto the cotton fabric through a P–O–C chemical bond. Vertical combustion tests before and after washing showed that the treated cotton fabric had durable flame-retardant properties. Thermogravimetry demonstrated that the treated cotton fabric retained a large amount of residual char and the pyrolysis temperature was significantly earlier than that of the control sample. Compared with the blank sample, the peak of heat release rate and total heat release of the modified fabric was reduced by 90.8% and 84.1%, respectively. Thermogravimetric infrared of flame-retardant cotton fabric proved that cellulose phosphate ammonium salt acted both in the gas and condensed phase during the decomposition of the treated fabric.
The Reformulated Contextual Truth Defence: More Radical That First Appears
Authors: Collins Matthew
Published: April 2022

Defamatory publications may carry any number of related or distinct imputations. Complexities arise where a plaintiff selects one or more imputations for complaint, but ignores other imputations carried by the same publication. In England and Wales, the so-called Polly Peck principle permits defendants to plead and justify an imputation other than one complained of by the plaintiff but bearing a common sting with such an imputation. The Polly Peck principle has not been good law in Australia for more than 20 years. The statutory defence of contextual truth in Australia’s uniform defamation laws, however, permits a defendant to plead and justify imputations that are ‘in addition to’ those complained of by the plaintiff and affords a complete defence where, having regard to the substantial truth of those contextual imputations, the imputations complained of by the plaintiff do not further harm the reputation of the plaintiff. As enacted, the defence was infected with a serious drafting error. This article looks at the implications of the reformulation of the contextual truth defence effected by the recent amendments to Australia’s uniform defamation laws. It posits that those implications are considerably broader than have been recognised to date. It argues that the reformulated defence not only corrects the drafting error in the original defence of contextual truth but also resurrects the Polly Peck principle in Australia and substantially neuters 20 years of confused jurisprudence concerning the extent to which a defendant is or should be constrained by the imputations pleaded by the plaintiff.
Training for Heat-of-the-Moment Thinking: Ethics Training to Prepare for Operations
Authors: Messervey Deanna L. , Peach Jennifer M. , Dean Waylon H. , Nelson Elizabeth A.
Published: April 2022

Military ethics training has tended to focus on imparting ethical attitudes and on improving deliberative moral decision-making through classroom instruction. However, military personnel can be exposed to extreme conditions on operations, which can lead to heat-of-the-moment thinking. Under stress, individuals are more likely to engage in automatic processing than deliberative processing, and visceral states such as anger and disgust can increase a person’s risk of behaving unethically. We propose that military ethics training could be improved by reinforcing classroom ethics training with interventions to counteract these risk factors. As training interventions, we recommend incorporating affect-labeling, goal-setting, and perspective-taking into realistic, pre-deployment training to make moral decision-making more robust against stress and other emotional experiences typical in combat. We outline steps researchers and trainers can take to test whether these interventions have the desired impact on ethical behavior.
Changes in Generalized and Particularized Trust and Their Link to Depressive Symptoms: Exploring the Roles of Changes in Self-Rated Health, Family Support and Life Satisfaction Among Chinese Older Adults
Authors: Pan Yen-H. , Chang To-H. , Jhang Fang-H.
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to examine whether changes in generalized trust (GT) and particularized trust (PT) predict changes in depressive symptoms (CES-D 8), and whether changes in self-rated health (SRH), family support (FS), and life satisfaction (LS) mediate the relationship between changes in the two types of trust and depressive symptoms in Chinese older adults. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze two-wave data on 3770 participants aged 65 and over. Our results showed that in a context where GT was low and PT was high, an increase in GT was associated with more depressive symptoms, while an increase in PT was associated with fewer depressive symptoms. As such, GT cannot be viewed as protective against depression in older adults in a given context. LS partially mediated the relationship between changes in PT and depressive symptoms. The findings support psychosocial processes rather than health-problem and support pathways.
Axiology of Covid-19 as a linguistic phenomenon
Authors: Atabekova Anastasia , Lutskovskaia Larisa , Kalashnikova Elena
Published: April 2022

This work’s aim was to investigate what verbal means are used by English-speaking Twitter accounts to describe the pandemic while focusing on extralinguistic factors that are the primary catalysts for linguistic transformations in society. A critical discourse analysis of the lexeme ‘Covid-19’ and words accompanying it was applied. A total of 1736 English-language tweets (6844 lexical units) posted during March to April 2020 were selected for the analysis. Functional discourse analysis allowed systematising and commenting on sampling results as well as provided the opportunity to make the following conclusions. In tweets, the lexeme ‘Covid-19’ is combined not only with the actual name of the virus. This lexeme became a productive ground for derivation into various linguistic structures: substantive word combinations, abbreviations, neologisms and anthropomorphic metaphors. The research results application in international practice will allow linguists to interpret neologisms that emerged as a result of the pandemic and foster the understanding of axiological indicators of native speakers.
Paternalism, respect and dialogue
Authors: Kim Soo Jin (Suzie)
Published: April 2022

Supporters of paternalistic policies argue that interference with risky or dangerous choices for citizens’ own good is permissible, as long as those choices are caused by cognitive irrationality or ignorance. Yet, some liberal thinkers argue that despite human irrationality, paternalistic policies are still wrong because they fail to respect citizens as moral equals. I argue that actually both views are mistaken about what respect for citizens requires, because they conceptualize the citizens’ interests from the wrong standpoint. In order for citizens to be respected as equals, I argue that citizens’ interests must be defined from a joint (second-person) standpoint which is constructed through a dialogical process between policymakers and citizens oriented towards mutual understanding. Furthermore, I argue that engaging citizens in such a dialogue is a distinctive paternalistic intervention in its own right, which unlike other kinds of paternalistic intervention, is compatible with respect for citizens as equals.
Reciprocating to the bottom: Is there negative diffuse reciprocity in social economic human rights
Authors: Kahn-Nisser Sara
Published: April 2022

Is reciprocity possible in human rights agreements? This article argues that human rights agreements can create negative diffuse reciprocity if there is reliable information about countries’ compliance levels. The article analyses the link between information on countries’ non-compliance with the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights on the one hand, and countries’ efforts to protect social economic rights on the other. It finds that the more information is published on violations of rights, the lower the levels of countries’ efforts to protect these rights. This means that countries practice negative diffuse reciprocity with regard to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. This is a notable finding since there are several factors working against the practice of reciprocity in human rights agreements. The article draws theoretical conclusions regarding the conditions for reciprocity in human rights agreements and sheds new light on the concept of reciprocity and its link with information.
Archaeologists’ Micro-cultures: A Methodological Critique of Early Indian Archaeology
Authors: Gurukkal Rajan
Published: April 2022

This article is a critical appraisal of archaeologists’ classification and typology of artefacts, which lead them to the construction of micro-cultures in early Indian archaeology. The central argument is that these archaeological micro-cultures in Indian civilization are archaeologists’ constructs, based on artefactual classification and typology in time and place. Arguably, early Indian archaeological micro-cultures based on ceramic typology are inconsistent and dubious and fail to represent the nature of particular cultures, as well as the structure of the total culture. Further, the article maintains that archaeologists’ methodologically flawed construction of micro-cultures is ahistorical. It obfuscates historians’ macro picture of the composite culture in Indian civilization.
The gut microbiome and cardiac surgery an unusual symphony
Authors: Mc Loughlin Joseph , Hinchion J
Published: April 2022

The relationship between the gut microbiome and various organ systems has gained interest throughout the scientific community in recent times. The understanding of these complex relationships has greatly improved with clinical benefits now being seen. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a form of extracorporeal circulation that provides circulatory and respiratory support during cardiac surgery. This physiological support facilitates a still and bloodless field facilitating operations on the heart to be performed. Through various mechanisms CPB results in a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). This response can vary from mild hypotension to multiple organ failure. It remains difficult to predict the degree to which a patient will experience SIRS post-operatively. The relationship between the composition of the gut microbiome and inflammatory processes associated with disease has been seen across several fields including gastroenterology, neurology, psychiatry and cardiology. To date, minimal research has been undertaken to examine the impact the gut microbiome has on outcomes following cardiac surgery. This review paper explores the pathophysiology behind the SIRS response associated with CPB for cardiac surgery and the hypothesis that a correlation exists between a patients gut microbiome composition and the degree of inflammatory response experienced following cardiac surgery.
Site-specific mechanical properties of the human great saphenous vein: Cadaveric comparisons among the thigh, knee, and lower leg harvest sites
Authors: Arima Takahiro , Otsuka Shun , Mitsuoka Hiroki , Nakano Takashi , Naito Munekazu , Ishibashi Hiroyuki
Published: April 2022

Background

This study aimed to determine site-specific mechanical properties of the great saphenous vein (GSV) harvested from various sites in the same cadaver.

Methods

GSV samples were harvested from three sites: the thigh, knee, and lower leg. The thickness and diameter of the samples were measured, and the tensile test was performed to measure stiffness and Young’s modulus.

Results

The stiffness of the GSV harvested from knees in the longitudinal direction was lower than those from other sites, whereas the stiffness of the GSV harvested from the lower leg in the circumferential direction was lower than that from the thigh.

Conclusions

The GSV has site-specific mechanical properties. Thus, in addition to morphological evaluations such as echo and computed tomography in preoperative graft surgical evaluations, knowledge of the mechanical properties at each site can improve the patency rate and prevent aneurysmal expansion.
Health and social care services for people with dementia at home at the end of life: A qualitative study of bereaved informal caregivers’ experiences
Authors: Mogan Caroline , Harrison Dening Karen , Dowrick Christopher , Lloyd-Williams Mari
Published: April 2022

Background:

More people are dying at home with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. While informal caregivers are the main providers of care for people with dementia dying at home, they require support from health and social care services. However, little is known about how they experience these services.

Aim:

To explore informal caregivers’ views and experiences of health and social care services when looking after a person with dementia at home at the end-of-life.

Design:

A qualitative interview study. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Setting/Participants:

Twenty-nine bereaved informal caregivers who had looked after a person with dementia at home during the last 6 months of life.

Results:

Specialist palliative care for people with dementia dying at home is rare and care is mostly managed by General Practitioners and domiciliary care workers. Four overarching themes were identified: Poor continuity of care; Lack of expertise; Limited advance care planning; and Loss of autonomy.

Conclusions:

End-of-life care at home for people with dementia must be proactively planned with an emphasis on advance care planning. Policy makers should recognise the critical role of domiciliary care services in end-of-life care and ensure that they are adequately qualified and trained.
Extending the reach of ‘post-socialism’: A commentary
Authors: Kaneff Deema
Published: April 2022

In this Commentary, I bring together the findings of the articles in this special issue, and advocate for an expanded temporal and spatial application of the concept ‘post-socialism’. My focus is also on the ongoing political and ideological value of the concept as a useful emic and analytical means for critiquing capitalism.
A century of integrated research on the human-environment system in Chinese human geography
Authors: Fan Jie
Published: April 2022

Research on the integration of the human-environment system has been an important part of Chinese human geography for over a century, constituting the distinctive academic nature of the field. Human geography has been established as an interdiscipline of natural science and social science, highlighting the combination of academic inquiry and decision application, and exploring the interaction mechanisms and sustainable development model between the human sphere and natural sphere at different spatial scales. The development of the discipline is in line with the basic concepts advocated by the global research platform “Future Earth”, which has promoted the strong development of human geography in China, and has produced important societal influences. By selecting some of the most influential academic achievements, this paper briefly describes theoretical methods and social contributions to reflect the development process of human geography in the study of integrated human and environment systems in different stages in China. It also demonstrates the influence of the following elements on the adherence of Chinese human geography to the integration of human and environment systems: classical Chinese philosophical thinking on harmony between people and land, western theories of the human-environment relationship, Soviet economic geography research methods, the science of sustainability, the social demands of the construction of contemporary Chinese ecological civilization, ever-improving mathematical models and big data methods for studying enormous and complex systems, and management system reform and special scientific research system and background in China.
A Method for Granular Traffic Data Imputation Based on PARATUCK2
Authors: Nouri Mina , Reisi-Gahrooei Mostafa , Ilbeigi Mohammad
Published: April 2022

Imputing missing data is a critical task in data-driven intelligent transportation systems. During recent decades there has been a considerable investment in developing various types of sensors and smart systems, including stationary devices (e.g., loop detectors) and floating vehicles equipped with global positioning system (GPS) trackers to collect large-scale traffic data. However, collected data may not include observations from all road segments in a traffic network for different reasons, including sensor failure, transmission error, and because GPS-equipped vehicles may not always travel through all road segments. The first step toward developing real-time traffic monitoring and disruption prediction models is to estimate missing values through a systematic data imputation process. Many of the existing data imputation methods are based on matrix completion techniques that utilize the inherent spatiotemporal characteristics of traffic data. However, these methods may not fully capture the clustered structure of the data. This paper addresses this issue by developing a novel data imputation method using PARATUCK2 decomposition. The proposed method captures both spatial and temporal information of traffic data and constructs a low-dimensional and clustered representation of traffic patterns. The identified spatiotemporal clusters are used to recover network traffic profiles and estimate missing values. The proposed method is implemented using traffic data in the road network of Manhattan in New York City. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated in comparison with two state-of-the-art benchmark methods. The outcomes indicate that the proposed method outperforms the existing state-of-the-art imputation methods in complex and large-scale traffic networks.
En bloc resection, is this the future of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer management? Presentation of our technique and brief review of the literature
Authors: Symeonidis Evangelos N , Baniotis Panagiotis , Langas Georgios , Stefanidis Panagiotis , Tsiakaras Stavros , Stratis Michail , Savvides Eliophotos , Bouchalakis Athanasios , Petras Stefanos , Memmos Dimitrios , Anastasiadis Anastasios , Mykoniatis Ioannis , Vakalopoulos Ioannis , Toutziaris Chrysovalantis , Dimitriadis Georgios , Sountoulides Petros
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

The quality of the initial transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) plays a key role in accurate local staging thus affecting treatment decision-making and disease prognosis. TURBT is still the gold standard for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, en bloc resection of bladder tumors (ERBT) gradually expanded as a promising alternative to TURBT, aiming to overcome certain inherent limitations of conventional resection. We hereby describe a step-by-step bipolar ERBT technique and briefly review the current trends surrounding the role of various en bloc techniques in the field.

Case presentation:

We present the case of a 65-year old patient undergoing bipolar ERBT for a single, approximately 2 cm, papillary bladder mass. An experienced urologist completed the procedure within 17 min and without any intra- or postoperative complications. No conversion to TURBT was needed, and an adequate specimen for histological assessment was obtained. The patient made an uneventful recovery, and no recurrence was noted at 12-months.

Conclusion:

Our initial experience demonstrates that ERBT via bipolar current is relatively quick, safe, and reliable. Prospective comparative clinical trials will examine its efficacy, and long-term oncological superiority in managing NMIBC.
A vaincre sans péril, on triomphe sans gloire ! L’effet de l’incertitude de gagner sur la qualité de l’expérience client durant les interactions gamifiées
Authors: Leclercq Thomas
Published: April 2022

Résumé

Offrir aux clients une expérience de qualité est devenu un enjeu critique pour les entreprises. A cette fin, les chercheurs ont mis en évidence l’opportunité d’utiliser la gamification. Cependant, et malgré la popularité grandissante de cette stratégie, les études rapportent des résultats divergents. Cette recherche vise à réconcilier les résultats antérieurs en identifiant les conditions dans lesquelles la gamification permet d’aboutir à une meilleure expérience. Sur base de la théorie de la résolution de l’incertitude, nous examinons comment l’incertitude de gagner affecte la qualité de l’expérience client. Les résultats de six études, combinant une enquête sur le terrain et des expérimentations, démontrent les bénéfices associés à l’incertitude de gagner en termes de qualité de l’expérience client. Nous montrons que cet effet existe pendant et après l’activité gamifiée, quand les participants sont informés de leur succès ou de leur échec. Par ailleurs, nous mettons en évidence que le fait de perdre le concours renforce l’impact positif de l’incertitude de gagner, ce qui suggère que l’incertitude de gagner permet de contrer l’effet négatif de l’aversion à l’échec lors d’un concours. A l’inverse, nous suggérons que la valeur de la récompense proposée atténue l’impact positif de l’incertitude de gagner en attirant l’attention du client sur l’enjeu plutôt que l’expérience vécue. Nos résultats contribuent à la littérature existante en soulignant le rôle de l’incertitude de gagner comme condition déterminante à la capacité de la gamification à délivrer une expérience de qualité.
Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Early Adverse Childhood Experiences, Delinquency, and Substance Use Initiation in High-Risk Adolescents
Authors: Gajos Jamie M. , Leban Lindsay , Weymouth Bridget B. , Cropsey Karen L.
Published: April 2022

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked to a host of subsequent negative health and behavioral problems. However, the role of sex in the ramifications of early ACEs remains unclear, particularly for delinquency and substance use initiation in adolescence. A small body of research has produced mixed findings on sex differences in the relationship between ACEs and antisocial outcomes in adolescence, resulting in uncertainty about whether and how ACEs may operate differently for boys and girls. The current study drew on a high-risk group of adolescents ( N=2455; M age=15.4; 48% female; 50% Black, 23% Hispanic) from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to examine the associations between accumulated ACEs across early childhood, and delinquency and substance use initiation of alcohol, cigarette, and cannabis in adolescence. We utilized mother and father reports on the exposure to seven different types of ACEs (i.e., physical abuse, psychological abuse, neglect, parental substance misuse, parental mental illness, parental intimate partner violence, and parental criminal behavior) when adolescents were ages 1, 3, and 5. Total ACEs scores and their relationships with delinquency, and lifetime use of alcohol, cigarettes, and cannabis were assessed separately for girls and boys. Results suggested that accumulated ACEs during early childhood may be implicated in boys’ delinquency, while ACEs were not significantly associated with girls’ self-reported delinquency or for boys’ and girls’ substance use initiation. Findings suggest that the enduring consequences of ACEs may be sex-specific, and have implications for the development of policies to mitigate ACEs and their harms.
Psychosocial Outcomes Among Veteran and Non-Veteran Survivors of Sexual Assault
Authors: Holder Nicholas , Maguen Shira , Holliday Ryan , Vogt Dawne , Bernhard Paul A. , Hoffmire Claire A. , Blosnich John R. , Schneiderman Aaron I.
Published: April 2022

Although it is well-established that sexual assault results in variable and long-lasting negative impacts on emotional well-being, perceptions of physical health, and relationship functioning, these “psychosocial” outcomes may vary based on the type(s) of sexual trauma experienced. To identify the differential impact of sexual trauma type(s) on psychosocial outcomes among veterans and non-veterans, we conducted a secondary analysis of data from the Comparative Health Assessment Interview Research Study, a large, national survey study sponsored by the Department of Veterans Affairs. Participants included veterans ( n = 3588) and non-veterans ( n = 935) who endorsed experiencing childhood sexual assault (CSA), adult sexual assault (ASA, outside of military service for veteran participants), and/or military sexual assault (MSA). Eight measures were used to assess psychosocial outcomes: Well-Being Inventory (WBI) health satisfaction and physical health functioning items, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, Patient Health Questionnaire (depression symptoms), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, WBI social satisfaction items, WBI social functioning items, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (social). A profile analysis was used to determine how sexual trauma type(s) influenced the pattern of responding to the eight psychosocial outcome measures. Veteran sexual assault survivors reported poorer psychological outcomes compared to non-veteran sexual assault survivors. Non-veteran sexual assault survivors reported poorer outcomes on the majority of social variables compared to veteran sexual assault survivors. Survivors of MSA-only reported poorer psychosocial outcomes compared to veteran and non-veteran survivors of CSA-only and ASA-only on most of the variables assessed. Survivors of ASA-only reported similar or modestly worse psychosocial outcomes when compared to survivors of CSA-only on the majority of variables assessed. Survivors of different types of sexual trauma reported distinct psychosocial outcomes, suggesting that assessment and treatment needs may differ by trauma type.
Factors Associated With COVID-19 Behavioral Intentions: Findings From an Online Survey
Authors: Lama Yuki , Budenz Alex , Gaysynsky Anna , Iles Irina A. , Sylvia Chou Wen-Ying
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The COVID-19 pandemic provides a novel context through which to evaluate salient factors for promoting behavioral change. We examined how attitudes, perceived community behaviors, and prior related behaviors predict intentions to (1) receive COVID-19 vaccination and (2) practice social distancing.

Design

Cross-sectional online survey administered through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk in September 2020.

Subjects

A convenience sample of US adults (N = 1804).

Measures

COVID-19 vaccination and social distancing intentions were measured on a 7-point Likert scale. Predictor variables included general vaccination and social distancing attitudes, perceived community mask-wearing, prior influenza vaccination, prior social distancing, and socio-demographics.

Analysis

Descriptive statistics and linear regressions.

Results

Thirty percent of respondents reported a strong willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination, while 67% strongly intended to engage in social distancing. In regression analyses, vaccination intention was predicted by positive vaccine attitudes (b = .84; 95%CI: .78, .90; P < .001), prior influenza vaccination (b = −.47; 95%CI: −.63, −.32; P < .001), and perceived community mask-wearing (b = −.28; 95%CI: −.56, −.01; P=.049). Intention to practice social distancing was predicted by positive attitudes (b = .65; 95%CI: .61, .69; P < .001), prior social distancing (b = −.49; 95%CI: −.59, −.39; P < .001), and perceived community mask-wearing (b = −.28; 95%CI: −.46, −.09; P = .003).

Conclusion

Findings have implications for health promotion efforts. Messages that are targeted and tailored on pre-existing attitudes may be more effective. Additionally, leveraging prior behaviors and perceived community behavior may improve communication strategies.
Association Between the Serum Iron and Acute Cognitive Impairment After Stroke: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Xu Minjie , Hu Yaoyao , Wu Junxin , Wu Zijing , Yang Shuang , He Jincai , Ren Wenwei
Published: April 2022

Background

Complications such as cognitive impairment are common in stroke victims. The goal of this study was to see if there was a link between blood iron levels and post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) within 2 weeks after stroke.

Methods

A total of 313 patients with ischemic stroke were recruited and separated into two groups: PSCI (n = 202) and non-PSCI (n = 111). The Mini-mental state examination scale was used to evaluate the cognitive status within 2 weeks after stroke (acute phase). The serum iron levels were divided into 4 layers: Q1 ≤ 11.7 μmol/L, Q2 11.8-15.1 μmol/, Q3 15.2-19.3 μmol/L, Q4 ≥ 19.4 μmol/L, respectively. The connection between serum iron and PSCI was then investigated further using binary logistic regression, which was adjusted for confounders.

Results

The difference in serum iron levels between the PSCI and non-PSCI group was initially conducted by the Mann-Whitney test, and a significant difference was found (14.5 (11.0-17.8) vs. 16.9 (13.7-21.8), p < .001), with no confounders being adjusted. After adjusting for confounding factors, the binary regression analysis showed that the Q4 layer showed the lowest risk of PSCI, with the Q1 layer being the reference. (odds ratio (OR) = 0.297, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.136-0.649, p = 0.002).

Conclusion

A decreased risk of early-onset PSCI was linked to high serum iron levels. Low serum iron levels were found to be a risk factor for acute cognitive impairment following stroke, which could help physicians identify and take intervention measures early to reduce the risk of cognitive impairment after stroke.
Association Between Sedative Medication Administration and Delirium Development in a Medical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Franz Nicholas D. , Alaniz Cesar , Miller James T. , Farina Nicholas
Published: April 2022

Background: Delirium develops frequently in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Societal guidelines have suggested that benzodiazepines may cause delirium. This study investigates if a change in sedation administration use over time is associated with changes in delirium incidence. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted over a 4 year time period in a medical ICU. All data was abstracted from a local data warehouse. The primary outcome of the study was the association between annual cumulative benzodiazepine use and incidence of delirium during the study period. Data was analyzed using descriptive characteristics and Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Additionally, multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors for delirium development. Results: From 2015 to 2018, annual total benzodiazepine administration decreased from 62,215 mg to 18,105 mg lorazepam equivalents (p = <.01). The cumulative dose of dexmedetomidine increased, with 657,262 mcg administered in 2015 and 1,476,951 mcg in 2018 (p < .01). No differences in annual delirium incidence were found. Risk factors that were significantly correlated with delirium following multivariate logistic regression included acute respiratory distress syndrome, renal failure, hepatic failure, septic shock, severe alcohol withdrawal, vasopressor use, corticosteroid use, benzodiazepine use, antipsychotic use, opiate use, and propofol use. Conclusions: A profound change in sedation medication paradigm did not influence delirium rates in a medical ICU.
Nursing Home Residents’ Positive Behavioral Responses to Individualized Music Predict Improvements in Sundowning Symptoms After Music Listening
Authors: Lineweaver Tara T. , Bergeson Tonya R. , Ward Marissa J. , Hagen Nicole A. , Ladd Kendall , Johnson Heather , Braid Donald , Ott Monica , Hay Donald P. , Plewes John , Hinds Mary , LaPradd Michelle L. , Bolander Hannah , Vitelli Sarah , Lain Mikala , Brimmer Tim
Published: April 2022

Objective: The goal of this exploratory study was to predict which long-term care residents with dementia would experience improvements in their sundowning symptoms after listening to personalized music playlists. Methods: We studied 101 residents with moderate to severe dementia from 15 long-term care facilities across 8 months. We observed residents’ behavioral responses to individualized music while they listened and recorded sundowning symptoms both before and after each listening session. Results: As hypothesized, residents who exhibited a greater number of positive reactive behaviors while listening to music also evidenced more improvements in their confusion, disengagement, unresponsiveness, and restlessness after their music-listening session. Discussion: Our results reveal that observing behavioral responses during music listening is an effective way to determine when nursing home residents are benefiting from personalized music playlists. These findings inform music programs in long-term care settings by identifying residents whose sundowning symptoms are most amenable to music intervention.
Strategic planning in turbulent times: Still useful?
Authors: Johnsen Åge
Published: April 2022

A common criticism of strategic planning is that it is of little use when the environment is turbulent and the future is unpredictable. The last decade has witnessed great environmental turbulence and uncertainty in many conditions that are important for public policy and administration. This study analyses survey data from 144 public sector organisations in Norway in 2020 on how strategic planning has been designed and used over the past 4 years and how managers perceived the usefulness of the strategic planning. Most of the central as well as local government organizations prepared strategic plans in addition to mandatory plans and the managers perceived the net benefit of the strategic planning as positive, even under the turbulent environments of the recent years. A multivariate regression analysis showed that a prospector adaptation, stakeholder participation, use of management tools and ease of use of the strategic planning process had the greatest positive correlation with the perceived usefulness of strategic planning.
Influences of reinforcement size and artificial aging on the compression features of hybrid ceramic filled aluminum syntactic foams
Authors: Bolat Çağın , Akgün İsmail C , Gökşenli Ali
Published: April 2022

Over the past years, the number of scientific efforts on aluminum matrix syntactic foams (AMSFs) has increased in a noteworthy manner, and different investigation teams have tried to figure out the physical, microstructural, and mechanical properties of AMSFs. In this paper, different from the previous valuable efforts, an industrial-focused cold chamber die casting machine was utilized during the fabrication instead of commonly used lab-scale techniques. Also, the effects of the reinforcement diameter on the compressive features were analyzed for pumice and expanded glass-added hybrid AMSFs. To ascertain the mechanical properties, quasi-static compression tests were conducted and stress–strain curves were obtained. During the compression tests, the deformation styles of the hybrid foams were followed to comprehend their damage mechanisms. Moreover, half of the samples were subjected to artificial aging treatment and the results were checked up with as-cast samples. According to experimental outcomes, it was obvious that the artificial aging treatment caused superior mechanical properties and triggered brittle-style deformation.
Modeling the mechanical behavior of epoxy Curaua reinforced composites
Authors: Vidal Silvia D , do Carmo Amorim Felipe , Brandão de Souza João Fellipe , Reis João ML
Published: April 2022

In recent decades, it has become essential to find and develop materials from non-petroleum sources that are more compatible with nature. The present work describes the mechanical properties of a composite with epoxy matrix reinforced with natural Curaua fibers. To improve the matrix-fiber interaction, the Curaua fibers were immersed in solutions with different concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for different treatment times. After washing, they were mixed in epoxy and specimens were cut for use in tensile, flexural, and dynamic mechanical analysis tests. The results were compared to untreated fibers, showing improvement of maximum tensile strength up to 30% and 10% for maximum flexural strength. For this test, the flexural modulus improved by 12%. On the other hand, Young’s modulus did not change as much. This can be associated with degradation of the fibers when immersed for many hours in a high concentration of NaOH. In the conclusion, this topic is analyzed as a factor of how the alkaline solution can affect the fiber surface.
Effect of in-plane loads on the natural frequencies of transversely isotropic thick annular sector plates resting on elastic foundation
Authors: Baferani A Hasani , Ohadi AR
Published: April 2022

This paper has studied the effects of in-plane load on the vibration of transversely isotropic annular sector plates resting on the Winkler and Pasternak elastic foundations. The governing coupled partial differential equations are obtained based on the third-order shear deformation plate theory. Based on Levy’s solution, the radial edges are assumed to be simply supported, and various boundary conditions are considered for circular edges. Therefore, nine different boundary conditions are considered here. At first, stability equations are analytically solved, and the critical buckling loads are obtained. Then, the natural frequency is extracted from the governing equations of motion subjected to in-plane loads. The effects of different in-plane loads on first natural frequencies of laminated thick annular sector plates with different aspect ratios, various thickness-length ratios, and some Winkler and Pasternak elastic foundation parameters are investigated. In addition, the effects of in-plane load on mode shape contour plots are presented for various boundary conditions. The obtained results show that the in-plane loads have a significant effect on the natural frequency of transversely isotropic annular sector plates. Also, increasing the in-plane force can affect the natural frequencies of the sector plate. For unique industrial designs, the natural frequency of the plate from the work area can be changed or prevent vibrations. Therefore, the resonance phenomenon can be easily changed and modified.