bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Connecting the Cosmic Star Formation Rate with the Local Star Formation
Authors: Gribel Carolina , Miranda Oswaldo D. , Vilas-Boas José Williams
Published: November 2017

We present a model that unifies the cosmic star formation rate (CSFR), obtained through the hierarchical structure formation scenario, with the (Galactic) local star formation rate (SFR). It is possible to use the SFR to generate a CSFR mapping through the density probability distribution functions commonly used to study the role of turbulence in the star-forming regions of the Galaxy. We obtain a consistent mapping from redshift

z
∼
20

up to the present (z = 0). Our results show that the turbulence exhibits a dual character, providing high values for the star formation efficiency (

〈
ε
〉
∼
0.32

) in the redshift interval

z
∼
3.5
–
20

and reducing its value to

〈
ε
〉
=
0.021

at z = 0. The value of the Mach number (



crit

), from which

〈
ε
〉

rapidly decreases, is dependent on both the polytropic index (Γ) and the minimum density contrast of the gas. We also derive Larson’s first law associated with the velocity dispersion (

〈

V

rms

〉

) in the local star formation regions. Our model shows good agreement with Larson’s law in the

∼
10
–
50

pc

range, providing typical temperatures

T

0

∼
10
–
80

K

for the gas associated with star formation. As a consequence, dark matter halos of great mass could contain a number of halos of much smaller mass, and be able to form structures similar to globular clusters. Thus, Larson’s law emerges as a result of the very formation of large-scale structures, which in turn would allow the formation of galactic systems, including our Galaxy.
The JCMT Transient Survey: Identifying Submillimeter Continuum Variability over Several Year Timescales Using Archival JCMT Gould Belt Survey Observations
Authors: Mairs Steve , Johnstone Doug , Kirk Helen , Lane James , Bell Graham S. , Graves Sarah , Herczeg Gregory J. , Scicluna Peter , Bower Geoffrey C. , Chen Huei-Ru Vivien , Hatchell Jennifer , Aikawa Yuri , Chen Wen-Ping , Kang Miju , Kang Sung-Ju , Lee Jeong-Eun , Morata Oscar , Pon Andy , Scholz Aleks , Takahashi Satoko , Yoo Hyunju ,   (The JCMT Transient Team)
Published: November 2017

Investigating variability at the earliest stages of low-mass star formation is fundamental in understanding how a protostar assembles mass. While many simulations of protostellar disks predict non-steady accretion onto protostars, deeper investigation requires robust observational constraints on the frequency and amplitude of variability events characterized across the observable SED. In this study, we develop methods to robustly analyze repeated observations of an area of the sky for submillimeter variability in order to determine constraints on the magnitude and frequency of deeply embedded protostars. We compare 850 μm JCMT Transient Survey data with archival JCMT Gould Belt Survey data to investigate variability over 2–4 year timescales. Out of 175 bright, independent emission sources identified in the overlapping fields, we find seven variable candidates, five of which we classify as Strong, and the remaining two we classify as Extended to indicate that the latter are associated with larger-scale structure. For the Strong variable candidates, we find an average fractional peak brightness change per year of

∣
4.0
∣
%

yr

−
1

, with a standard deviation of

2.7
%

yr

−
1

. In total, 7% of the protostars associated with 850 μm emission in our sample show signs of variability. Four of the five Strong sources are associated with a known protostar. The remaining source is a good follow-up target for an object that is anticipated to contain an enshrouded, deeply embedded protostar. In addition, we estimate the 850 μm periodicity of the submillimeter variable source, EC 53, to be 567 ± 32 days, based on the archival Gould Belt Survey data.
Chapitre 2. Utilisation des Big Data en santé : le cas des objets connectés
Authors: Brouard Benoît
Published: November 2017

Selon le rapport « The Internet of Things Market », le nombre d’objets connectés devrait être de 68 milliards en 2020. De plus, en 2012, le total des données stockées dans le monde était de 500 petabytes. Après la course à la puissance de calcul puis au développement des réseaux, l’enjeu réside désormais dans le stockage de ces données dans le « cloud », mais aussi et surtout, à libérer leur accès (open data) et à les traiter rapidement et en masse (Big Data). L’utilisation de ces données à bon escient est un enjeu majeur pour la recherche et la santé publique.
Chapitre 4. La gouvernance des Big data utilisées en santé, un enjeu national et international
Authors: Rial-Sebbag Emmanuelle
Published: November 2017

L’utilisation des données de santé est de plus en plus considérée comme un enjeu central pour la recherche mais également pour le soin. La génération de ces données est une valeur ajoutée pour la conduite d’études à grande échelle, elle est même considérée comme une (r)évolution dans la méthodologie de la recherche ou encore la médecine personnalisée. Plusieurs facteurs ont influencé l’accélération de l’utilisation des données de santé (progrès de la génétique, de la technologie, diversification des sources) conduisant à re-questionner les principes juridiques posés pour la protection des données de santé tant en droit français qu’en droit européen. En effet, premièrement, la production de masse (Big Data) de données dans le champ de la santé influe sur la quantité et la qualité des données venant dès lors reconfigurer les outils de protection de la vie privée en insistant sur le risque informationnel. Deuxièmement, l’utilisation de ces données repose quant à elle sur des principes fondamentaux existants tout en soulevant de nouveaux challenges pour leur gouvernance.
Chapitre 7. Big data ou l’illusion d’une synthèse par agrégation. Une critique épistémologique, éthique et politique
Authors: Coutellec Léo , Weil-Dubuc Paul-Loup
Published: November 2017

Dans cet article, nous proposons une approche critique du phénomène big data par la déconstruction du principe méthodologique qui en structure la logique : le principe d’agrégation. Notre hypothèse se situe en amont des critiques qui font de l’usage des big data un nouveau mode de gouvernement. L’agrégation, comme mode de traitement de l’hétérogénéité des données, structure la pensée big data , elle en est la logique même. Fragmenter pour mieux agréger, agréger pour mieux fragmenter, une dialectique qui repose sur une présomption d’agrégabilité généralisée et sur la prétention de faire de l’agrégation la voie privilégiée pour la production de nouvelles synthèses. Nous procédons en trois temps pour déconstruire cette idée et défaire la prétention de l’agrégation à s’imposer comme nouvelle voie pour produire des connaissances, comme nouvelle synthèse identitaire et enfin comme nouveau modèle de solidarité. Chaque fois nous montrerons que ces tentatives d’agrégation échouent à produire leurs objets : ni connaissance, ni identité, ni solidarité ne peuvent résulter d’un processus d’amalgame. Dans les trois cas, l’agrégation s’accompagne toujours d’un moment de fragmentation dont la dissociation, la dislocation et la séparation sont différentes figures. Le pari que nous faisons alors est de faire hésiter ce qui se présente comme une nouvelle façon de penser l’homme et le monde.
Le pouvoir des formatages à l’heure de la balconisation
Authors: Dullaart Constant , Chazel Quentin , Roman Killian
Published: November 2017

Cet entretien permet à Constant Dullaart de préciser sa définition de la « balconisation » et de commenter son intervention sur les logiciels de Facebook et d’Instagram ainsi que dans les racines idéologiques du logiciel Photoshop (à travers son œuvre Jennifer in Paradise ). Comment des pratiques indissociablement artistiques et activistes peuvent-elles court-circuiter ce qui court-circuite nos attentions ?
Vers une politique du dividualisme
Authors: Massumi Brian , Chrétien Armelle
Published: November 2017

L’individu de la gouvernance néolibérale mérite d’être envisagé comme un « dividuel » secoué par les rassemblements turbulents de tendances hétérogènes, divisé entre elles dans sa relation à soi. Du fait des urgences et des surcharges attentionnelles auxquelles il est soumis, l’intuition se substitue souvent chez lui au choix réfléchi et délibéré. C’est à des dividuels que s’adressent les techniques de priming (amorçage) par lesquelles les logiques néolibérales restructurent nos comportements. Comment parvenir à y identifier un contre-ontopouvoir immanent ? Comment en faire émerger une politique du dividualisme ? C’est dans une catalyse activiste qu’il faut reconnaître aujourd’hui un art affectif de la politique.
La Nouvelle-Calédonie fantôme
Authors: Corteel Mathieu
Published: November 2017

La Nouvelle-Calédonie se présente comme un territoire hétérogène marqué par le déploiement de contre-emplacements disciplinaires tels que le bagne, la réserve et la mine. Le présent article entend retrouver, à travers la formation de ces hétérotopies, ce qui module les identités, corrélativement au rapport à la terre, par le jeu insidieux des normes disciplinaires et régulatrices. Par-delà l’ethnologie qui s’attache à rendre compte de la primitivité du peuple kanak, on propose ici une mise à plat des préjugés, en revenant à la formation des identités colonisées. Le kanak n’est pas le contemporain de l’européen. C’est là une asymétrie temporelle qui s’apparie à une asymétrie spatiale pour dominer un peuple d’insoumis et lui prêter les traits du sauvage et du délinquant. Ce peuple et son territoire n’ont pas à être émancipés par la voie de la « modernisation » : ils appartiennent au présent et à l’avenir, n’en déplaise à ses détracteurs.
Quand la mine transforme la territorialité kanak & réciproquement
Authors: Levacher Claire
Published: November 2017

La mine (le nickel) est devenue, en Nouvelle-Calédonie, un « fait social total ». Elle représente la première source de revenus du Caillou après les transferts sociaux de l’État. Si la mobilisation du lien à la terre reste le ressort privilégié des revendications qui émergent à l’interface du développement des activités minières, elle met en avant de plus en plus nettement la nature comme enjeu identitaire. Les contestations qui ont entouré la mise en œuvre du projet minier de Goro-Nickel se sont appuyées sur le droit international des peuples autochtones dans la protection de l’environnement pour contraindre l’industriel à mieux tenir compte des populations vivant à proximité des projets miniers. Ainsi, le fort développement économique lié à l’activité minière ces vingt dernières années n’a pas seulement contribué à transformer les pratiques de la territorialité kanak mais aussi à donner plus de visibilité à des revendications sur la place du monde kanak dans la pratique de la démocratie en Nouvelle-Calédonie.
What can we learn about the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak from tweets?
Authors: Yoona Sunmoo , Kuang Da , Broadwell Peter , Lee Haeyoung , Odlum Michelle
Published: November 2017

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS, 메르스 in Korean) is an emerging deadly viral respiratory disease with no treatment. This study applied a triangulation approach of quantitative structure and content mining techniques while incorporating qualitative approaches guided by domain experts, to understand #MERS and #메르스 tweets. This study sought to gain insights about culturally-appropriate nursing activities for an emerging global acute disease management.
Iterative L-M Algorithm in WSN – Utilizing Modifying Average Hopping Distances
Authors: Qiao Xin , Yang Han-Sheng , Wang Zheng-Chuang
Published: November 2017

Wireless sensor networks are more and more important for various applications. Localization plays an important role in WSN. In this article, Aiming at the large errors that the DV—Hop localization algorithm have in net topology with randomly-distributed nodes, this paper proposed a CLDV-Hop algorithm in DV-Hop based on modifying average hopping distances. Firstly, hop count threshold is set to optimize the anchor node when data exchange. Then, according to the minimum mean square criteria and unknown nodes nearest three anchor nodes weighted average hop distance are selected as its average hop distance. Finally, L-M algorithm is used to optimize the coordinate of unknown node estimated by least squares. The simulation results show that, without increasing the overhead and the same conditions as the simulation environment, CLDV-Hop algorithm has higher positioning accuracy than existing improved algorithms, and compared with DV-Hop algorithm accuracy is improved by about 33% - 41%.
Design of Wireless Sensing Virtual Cloud Desktop System Based on ARM-Linux
Authors: Han Chunqing , Li Lin
Published: November 2017

Aiming at exploring the wireless sensing network with mass processing in data collection, an embedded wireless sensor system based on ARM-Linux is put forward and designed. The whole system is mainly divided into wireless ZigBee sensing node group part, ARM data processing part, and virtual cloud desktop terminal part. Users’ terminal can be connected to the cloud system server through wired or wireless  ways. And it is possible to view user system data and wireless terminal data by logging in to an individual account. The results showed that the system can be applied in a lot of fields, such as intelligent transportation, health care, smart home and so on. Based on the above findings, it is concluded that it is important for information aggregation and remote fast monitoring.
Renal Toxicity of Mercuric Chloride at Different Time Intervals in Rats
Authors: Al-Madani W.A. , Siddiqi N.J. , Alhomida A.S.
Published: November 2017

This study was undertaken to study the renal toxicity of mercuric chloride in rats at different periods of time. The following groups of rats were studied: i) control, ii) placebo, iii) rats injected with a single ip dose of 100 mg/kg body weight of 2, 3 dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, iv) rats injected with a single ip dose of 100 mg/kg body weight of 2, 3 dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS) followed by a single dose ip of 2.0 mg HgCl2/kg body weight one hour after DMPS injection v) rats injected with a single ip dose of 2.0 mg HgCl2/kg body weight. Results indicate that mercuric chloride was more toxic after 48 hours of its administration when compared to 24 hours. Mercuric chloride administration caused an impairment of renal function which was evident from a significant decrease in urine volume, urinary excretion of urea, creatinine and glomerular filteration rate (P < 0.001) when compared to other treated groups. There was an increased excretion of protein, albumin and γ–-glutamyltransferase in the urine of mercuric chloride treated rats. Administration of 2, 3 dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid before mercuric chloride treatment caused the altered indices to return to near normal levels.
Article Commentary: Chelation Therapy for Mercury Poisoning
Authors: Guan Rong , Dai Han
Published: November 2017

Chelation therapy has been the major treatment for heavy metal poisoning. Various chelating agents have been developed and tested for treatment of heavy metal intoxications, including mercury poisoning. It has been clearly shown that chelating agents could rescue the toxicity caused by heavy metal intoxication, but the potential preventive role of chelating agents against heavy metal poisoning has not been explored much. Recent paper by Siddiqi and colleagues has suggested a protective role of chelating agents against mercury poisoning, which provides a promising research direction for broader application of chelation therapy in prevention and treatment of mercury poisoning.
Use of a Combined Duplex PCR/Dot Blot Assay for more sensitive genetic characterization
Authors: Curry Erin , Pratt Scott L. , Kelley Dale E. , Lapin Daniel R. , Gibbons John R.
Published: November 2017

A reliable and sensitive method of genetic analysis is necessary to detect multiple specific nucleic acid sequences from samples containing limited template. The most widely utilized method of specific gene detection, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), imparts inconsistent results when assessing samples with restricted template, especially in a multiplex reaction when copies of target genes are unequal. This study aimed to compare two methods of PCR product analysis, fluorescent detection following agarose gel electrophoresis or dot blot hybridization with chemiluminescent evaluation, in the detection of a single copy gene (SRY) and a multicopy gene (β-actin). Bovine embryo sex determination was employed to exploit the limited DNA template available and the target genes of unequal copies. Primers were used either independently or together in a duplex reaction with purified bovine genomic DNA or DNA isolated from embryos. When used independently, SRY and β-actin products were detected on a gel at the equivalent of 4-cell or 1-cell of DNA, respectively; however, the duplex reaction produced visible SRY bands at the 256 cell DNA equivalent and β-actin products at the 64 cell DNA equivalent. Upon blotting and hybridization of the duplex PCR reaction, product was visible at the 1–4 cell DNA equivalent. Duplex PCR was also conducted on 186 bovine embryos and product was subjected to gel electrophoresis or dot-blot hybridization in duplicate. Using PCR alone, sex determination was not possible for 22.6% of the samples. Using PCR combined with dot blot hybridization, 100.0% of the samples exhibited either both the male specific and β-actin products or the β-actin signal alone, indicating that the reaction worked in all samples. This study demonstrated that PCR amplification followed by dot blot hybridization provided more conclusive results in the evaluation of samples with low DNA concentrations and target genes of unequal copies.
Avoiding Pitfalls in the Statistical Analysis of Heterogeneous Tumors
Authors: Axelrod David E. , Miller Naomi , Chapman Judith-Anne W.
Published: November 2017

Information about tumors is usually obtained from a single assessment of a tumor sample, performed at some point in the course of the development and progression of the tumor, with patient characteristics being surrogates for natural history context. Differences between cells within individual tumors (intratumor heterogeneity) and between tumors of different patients (intertumor heterogeneity) may mean that a small sample is not representative of the tumor as a whole, particularly for solid tumors which are the focus of this paper. This issue is of increasing importance as high-throughput technologies generate large multi-feature data sets in the areas of genomics, proteomics, and image analysis. Three potential pitfalls in statistical analysis are discussed (sampling, cut-points, and validation) and suggestions are made about how to avoid these pitfalls.
Direct and Electronic Health Record Access to the Clinical Decision Support for Immunizations in the Minnesota Immunization Information System
Authors: Rajamani Sripriya , Bieringer Aaron , Wallerius Stephanie , Jensen Daniel , Winden Tamara , Muscoplat Miriam Halstead
Published: November 2017

Immunization information systems (IIS) are population-based and confidential computerized systems maintained by public health agencies containing individual data on immunizations from participating health care providers. IIS hold comprehensive vaccination histories given across providers and over time. An important aspect to IIS is the clinical decision support for immunizations (CDSi), consisting of vaccine forecasting algorithms to determine needed immunizations. The study objective was to analyze the CDSi presentation by IIS in Minnesota (Minnesota Immunization Information Connection [MIIC]) through direct access by IIS interface and by access through electronic health records (EHRs) to outline similarities and differences. The immunization data presented were similar across the three systems examined, but with varying ability to integrate data across MIIC and EHR, which impacts immunization data reconciliation. Study findings will lead to better understanding of immunization data display, clinical decision support, and user functionalities with the ultimate goal of promoting IIS CDSi to improve vaccination rates.
Protein Modifications as Potential Biomarkers in Breast Cancer
Authors: Jin Hongjun , Zangar Richard C.
Published: November 2017

A variety of post-translational protein modifications (PTMs) are known to be altered as a result of cancer development. Thus, these PTMs are potentially useful biomarkers for breast cancer. Mass spectrometry, antibody microarrays and immunohistochemistry techniques have shown promise for identifying changes in PTMs. In this review, we summarize the current literature on PTMs identified in the plasma and tumor tissue of breast-cancer patients or in breast cell lines. We also discuss some of the analytical techniques currently being used to evaluate PTMs.
Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers Reduce Urinary Angiotensinogen Excretion and the Levels of Urinary Markers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Ogawa Susumu , Kobori Hiroyuki , Ohashi Naro , Urushihara Maki , Nishiyama Akira , Mori Takefumi , Ishizuka Tsuneo , Nako Kazuhiro , Ito Sadayoshi
Published: November 2017

Objective

To demonstrate that the administration of an angiotensin (Ang) II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker (ARB) inhibits the vicious cycle of high glucose (HG)-reactive oxygen species (ROS)-angiotensinogen (AGT)-Ang II-AT1R-ROS by suppressing ROSs and inflammation, thus ameliorating diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Research Design and Methods

Thirteen hypertensive DN patients were administered ARBs, and the following parameters were evaluated before and 16 weeks after the treatment: urinary AGT (UAGT), albumin (albumin-creatinine ratio: ACR), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α (8-epi-PGF2α), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10.

Results

ARB treatment reduced the blood pressure and urinary levels of AGT, ACR, 8-OHdG, 8-epi-PGF2α, MCP-1, and IL-6 but increased the urinary levels of IL-10. The reduction rate of UAGT correlated with the reduction rate of blood pressure; the reduction rates of the urinary ACR, 8-OHdG, 8-epi-PGF2α, MCP-1, and IL-6 levels; and the increase rate of the urinary IL-10 levels. Moreover, subjects who had high UAGT values at baseline exhibited higher reduction rates of urinary albumin excretion.

Conclusions

ARB-induced blockade of the abovementioned vicious cycle contributes to the renoprotective effects of ARBs in DN. The urinary levels of AGT could represent a predictive factor for reduced ACR in patients receiving ARB treatment.
Prognostic Value of MammaPrint® in Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer
Authors: Beumer Inès J. , Persoon Marion , Witteveen Anke , Dreezen Christa , Chin Suet-Feung , Sammut Stephen-John , Snel Mireille , Caldas Carlos , Linn Sabine , van 't Veer Laura J. , Bernards Rene , Glas Annuska M.
Published: November 2017

Background

MammaPrint® is a microarray-based gene expression test cleared by the US Food and Drug Administration to assess recurrence risk in early-stage breast cancer, aimed to guide physicians in making neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment decisions. The increase in the incidence of invasive lobular carcinomas (ILCs) over the past decades and the modest representation of ILC in the MammaPrint development data set calls for a stratified survival analysis dedicated to this specific subgroup.

Study Aim

The current study aimed to validate the prognostic value of the MammaPrint test for breast cancer patients with early-stage ILCs.

Materials and Methods

Univariate and multivariate survival associations for overall survival (OS), distant metastasis-free interval (DMFI), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were studied in a study population of 217 early-stage ILC breast cancer patients from five different clinical studies.

Results and Discussion

A significant association between MammaPrint High Risk and poor clinical outcome was shown for OS, DMFI, and DMFS. A subanalysis was performed on the lymph node-negative study population. In the lymph node-negative study population, we report an up to 11 times higher change in the diagnosis of an event in the MammaPrint High Risk group. For DMFI, the reported hazard ratio is 11.1 (95% confidence interval = 2.3–53.0).

Conclusion

Study results validate MammaPrint as an independent factor for breast cancer patients with early-stage invasive lobular breast cancer. Hazard ratios up to 11 in multivariate analyses emphasize the independent value of MammaPrint, specifically in lymph node-negative ILC breast cancers.
Investigating Multi-cancer Biomarkers and Their Cross-predictability in the Expression Profiles of Multiple Cancer Types
Authors: Tseng George C. , Cheng Chunrong , Yu Yan Ping , Nelson Joel , Michalopoulos George , Luo Jian-Hua
Published: November 2017

Microarray technology has been widely applied to the analysis of many malignancies, however, integrative analyses across multiple studies are rarely investigated. In this study we performed a meta-analysis on the expression profiles of four published studies analyzing organ donor, benign tissues adjacent to tumor and tumor tissues from liver, prostate, lung and bladder samples. We identified 99 distinct multi-cancer biomarkers in the comparison of all three tissues in liver and prostate and 44 in the comparison of normal versus tumor in liver, prostate and lung. The bladder samples appeared to have a different list of biomarkers from the other three cancer types. The identified multi-cancer biomarkers achieved high accuracy similar to using whole genome in the within-cancer-type prediction. They also performed superior than the one using whole genome in inter-cancer-type prediction. To test the validity of the multi-cancer biomarkers, 23 independent prostate cancer samples were evaluated and 96% accuracy was achieved in inter-study prediction from the original prostate, liver and lung cancer data sets respectively. The result suggests that the compact lists of multi-cancer biomarkers are important in cancer development and represent the common signatures of malignancies of multiple cancer types. Pathway analysis revealed important tumorogenesis functional categories.
The Novel Vascular Disrupting Agent ANG501 Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Enhances Endothelial Cell Sensitivity to Radiation
Authors: Dougherty Shona T. , Walker Sean E. , Davis Peter D. , Dougherty Graeme J.
Published: November 2017

The efficacy of approaches in which vascular disrupting agents (VDA) are used in combination with conventional chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy in the treatment of cancer might be improved if there were a better understanding of the cellular and molecular changes induced in normal and malignant cells as a result of VD A exposure. Toward this goal, murine endothelial cells were treated in vitro with ANG501, a novel stilbene VDA developed in our laboratory, and alterations in gene expression determined by genome-wide microarray analysis and subsequently confirmed by Western blot analysis. Among the genes that were shown to be induced upon brief exposure to non-cytotoxic doses of ANG501 were several involved in the control of cell cycle progression and apoptosis, including p21Wafland the heat shock/stress proteins hsp25, hsp70 and anti-B-crystallin. Reflecting such induction, functional studies confirmed that normal cell cycling is temporarily inhibited following treatment with ANG501 such that the majority of cells accumulate at the radiation-sensitive G2/M phase of the cell cycle at 6 hr. The effects were transient and by 24 hr normal cell cycling had largely resumed. Combination experiments confirmed that endothelial cells treated 6 hr previously with ANG501 were more readily killed by radiation. Importantly, significant effects were evident at clinically relevant radiation doses. Taken together these findings emphasize the need to consider the radiosensitizing activity of VD As when developing therapies in which these promising compounds are used in combination with radiation.
Evolution of the G+C Content Frontier in the Rat Cytomegalovirus Genome
Authors: Gatherer Derek
Published: November 2017

Within the 230138 bp of the rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV) genome, the G+C content changes abruptly at position 142644, constituting a G+C content frontier. To the left of this point, overall G+C content is 69.2%, and to the right it is only 47.6%. A region of extremely low G+C content (33.8%) is found in the 5 kb immediately to the right of the frontier, in which there are no predicted coding sequences. To the right of position 147501, the G+C content rises and predicted coding sequences reappear. However, these genes are much shorter (average 848 bp, 50% G+C) than those in the left two-thirds of the genome (average 1462 bp, 70% G+C). Whole genome alignment of several viruses indicates that the initial ultra-low G+C region appeared in the common ancestor of the genera Cytomegalovirus and Muromegalovirus, and that the lowering of G+C in the right third has been a subsequent process in the lineage leading to RCMV. The left two-thirds of RCMV has stop codon occurrences at 67.5% of their expected level, based on a modified Markov chain model of stop codon distribution, and the corresponding figure for the right third is 78%. Therefore, despite heavy mutation pressure, selective constraint has operated in the right third of the RCMV genome to maintain a degree of gene length unusual for such low G+C sequences.
Functionality of Chimeric E2 Glycoproteins of BVDV and CSFV in Virus Replication
Authors: Van Gennip H.G.P. , Miedema G.K.W , Moormann R.J.M. , Van Rijn P.A
Published: November 2017

An intriguing difference between the E2 glycoprotein of CSFV and the other groups of pestiviruses (nonCSFV) is a lack of two cysteine residues on positions cysteine 751 and 798. Other groups of pestivirus are not restricted to one species as swine, whereas CSFV is restricted to swine and wild boar. We constructed chimeric CSFV/BVDV E2 genes based on a 2D model of E2 proposed by van Rijn et al. (van Rijn et al. 1994, J Virol 68, 3934–42) and confirmed their expression by immunostaining of plasmid-transfected SK6 cells. No equivalents for the antigenic units B/C and A were found on E2 of BVDVII. This indicates major structural differences in E2. However, the immunodominant BVDVII domain A, containing epitopes with essential amino acids between position 760–764, showed to be dependent on the presence of the region defined by amino acids 684 to 796. As for the A domain of CSFV, the BVDVII A-like domain seemed to function as a separate unit. These combined domains in E2 proved to be the only combination which was functional in viral background of CSFV C-strain. The fitness of this virus (vflc36BVDVII 684–796) seemed to be reduced compared to vflc9 (with the complete antigenic region of BVDVII).
Cytomegalovirus Disease Amongst Renal Transplant Recipients in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Seale H. , Dwyer D.E. , Chapman J.R. , MacIntyre C.R.
Published: November 2017

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a significant pathogen causing disease in renal transplant patients. The highest incidence of CMV disease occurs during the first 3 months post-transplant and is most problematic in CMV-naïve transplant recipients. In this study, we conducted a retrospective review of two databases, the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA) and the National Hospital Morbidity Database, from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), to examine CMV in renal transplant recipients. The first source looked at CMV serostatus at the time of transplantation and the second recorded hospital admissions for recipients with invasive CMV disease.

From the ANZDATA registry, we obtained information from 13,530 renal transplants recipients from 1980 to 2004. Of these recipients, 7808 had a known CMV serostatus, of which 65.7% (5134/7808) had a positive sero antibody status and 34.2% (2674/7808) had a negative sero antibody status. In univariate analysis, factors significantly associated with renal rejection were being male, recipient age <50 years, being diabetic, being diagnosed with cancer at some point and having a positive EBV status. Positive CMV serostatus was not a contributing factor. Between 1993 and 2001 there were 1445 renal transplant recipients hospitalized in Australia with a diagnosis of CMV disease, of which 38% (554/1445) had CMV disease as a principal diagnoses. The average annual rate of admissions with any diagnosis was 3871 episodes per 100,000 people living with a functioning graft.

Preventative strategies for CMV in renal transplant recipients should be a priority. New vaccines for CMV may soon be available and renal transplant recipients would be a suitable target group for vaccination.
PROCESAMIENTO AUTOMATIZADO DE MODELOS TRIDIMENSIONALES DE ÚLCERAS CUTÁNEAS
Authors: Buchón-Moragues Fernando , Sánchez-Jiménez David , Palomar-Vázquez Jesús , Peris-Fajarnés Guillermo
Published: November 2017

Geomatics includes techniques such as photogrammetry, remote sensing and geographic information systems, which provide applicable tools in various areas of biomedicine, for example skin ulcer measurement. In previous projects we developed procedures for acquiring data and measuring skin ulcers using a digital photo camera, a manual scanner and photogrammetry software based on correlation. We have tested our technique in a randomized clinical trial in patients with chronic leg ulcers. In the present project an application system is created with the following objectives: automate the processing of three-dimensional models of cutaneous ulcers and generate documentation that ease the interpretation of the evolution of skin ulcers by medical personnel (including PDF report, AVI animation and XOS augmented reality project). We also created a website prototype that stores the documentation, allowing registered users to upload photographs and consult or modify the database of skin ulcers. A test is performed with 50 cutaneous leg ulcers, in order to debug and improve the application system and the website prototype.http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIGeo2017.2017.6553
APLICACIÓN DE ÍNDICES DE FORMA EN LA DETERMINACIÓN DE POLÍGONOS SLIVERS DERIVADOS DE LAS DIMENSIONES LINEALES DE UNA FIGURA Y SU ÁREA
Authors: Gallego Salguero Áurea , Sánchez Marco Miguel
Published: November 2017

Nowadays cartography is more and more required by users, companies and government agencies. A lot of tasks need digital, updated and quality cartography: Civil work design, planning, landscaping, environmental impact, conservation, etc. This need of cartography is mostly solved by spatial data infrastructures and map servers that make downloading and getting maps easy. Later, using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) it is quite easy to perform queries and geoprocessing operations in order to get valuable information which is difficult to get with other tools. However slivers polygons are a serious problem. They can alter the results in spatial analysis, queries and map portray. A map with sliver polygons is a map with false polygons and therefore with errors. We need to remove them. Removing sliver polygons is simple once they have been located. The real problem is to manage to locate them. Some sliver polygons are small, others are large but in both cases sliver polygons are difficult to locate and tell them apart from other polygons. Scientists have used formulas to calculate the shape of objects for many years. Today there are dozens of formulas available that could be used in the characterization and location of polygons slivers. In this article many of these shape formulas are analyzed and conclusions are drawn on whether they can be used in locating sliver polygons.http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIGeo2017.2017.6567
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT FOR COLOURIMETRIC AND SPECTRAL DATA PROCESSING: PYCOLOURIMETRY
Authors: Molada Tebar Adolfo , Lerma José Luis , Marqués-Mateu Ángel
Published: November 2017

Archaeological documentation is a complex process where the technical measurement and specification of colour is a key aspect. In the last years heritage documentation processes have largely benefited from the application of digital recording methods, imagery analysis software and technologies that offers great advantages over the traditional methods. The rigorous processing of colourimetric data requires software packages with specific colourimetric technical characteristics. In this paper we report on our in-house pyColourimetry software that was developed and tested taking into account the recommendations of the Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE). The objective is to apply a rigorous procedure for the characterisation of cameras based a priori on polynomial models. Most of the digital cameras capture colour information in the well-known RGB format, but the signals generated by the digital camera are device dependent. By means of the characterisation we establish the relationship between device dependent RGB values and the tristimulus coordinates defined by the CIE standard colourimetric observer. Once the camera is characterised, users have the potential to obtain output images in the sRGB space that is independent of the sensor of the camera. pyColourimetry software allows users to control the entire digital image processing and the colourimetric data workflow proposed. We applied the methodology on a set of pictures targeting Levantine rock art motifs in Cova dels Cavalls (Castellón, Spain) which is considered part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The outcomes obtained are satisfactory and very promising for proper colour documentation in cultural heritage estudies.http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIGeo2017.2017.6568
LA REPRESENTACIÓN GRÁFICA GEORREFERENCIADA ALTERNATIVA EN LA COORDINACIÓN CATASTRO-REGISTRO EN ESPAÑA. ESTUDIO DE LA IMPLANTACIÓN DE LA NORMA ISO-19152 (LADM) A NIVEL INTERNACIONAL
Authors: Velilla-Torres Joan Manuel , Mora-Navarro Gaspar , Femenia-Ribera Carmen , Martínez-Llario José Carlos
Published: November 2017

In Spain, the new Law 13/2015, dated June 24, modifying the Mortgage Law and the Cadastre Law in the search for its coordination, introduce the obligation to obtain georeferenced mapping and update the Cadastre in many cases. It is necessary to provide the graphic representation of the farms in case of: segregation, division, grouping and aggregation, and in the case of the operations of parceling, reparcelling, land consolidation, segregation, division, grouping or aggregation, forced expropriation or demarcation which determine a reordering of the land. It also requires the geographical delimitation of the area occupied by buildings declared within a farm. In all of these cases, if there is no coincidence of the farm in the field with the descriptive cadastral certification and the graphic of the farm, an alternative georeferenced graphical representation, duly accredited, is necessary, and where the adventurers are quoted to express or not their Conformity. This thesis aims to investigate an international level with the possibility of collaborating in the current developments, especially applying the ISO 19152 (On the Land Administration Domain Model) to the Spanish case and national level, applying the new Reforms of the Mortgage Law and the Cadastre Law. Performing geo-referenced graphical maps, in the cases in which the law forces it. To develop GIS software for the automation of information creation, as well as, the new formats creation used to Spanish Cadastre updating. The software will be tested in the real cases that will be performed.http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIGeo2017.2017.6592
DIFERENTES PAISAJES Y ANÁLOGAS REPRESENTACIONES. INTERPRETACIÓN ARQUEOLÓGICA CON TECNOLOGÍAS DE INGENIERÍA INVERSA
Authors: Otero Xosefina , Farjas Mercedes , Santos Manuel , Angás Jorge
Published: November 2017

In this paper we present new methods of the documentation and registration of the petroglyphs of the exceptional archaeological site located on Khor Fakkan, emirate of Sharjah, on the east coast of the United Arab Emirates along the Gulf of Oman, and coordinates 24º59'06.06'' N - 56º20'36.70'' E. The engravings on the surface of the serpentine rock fragments, of the Semail ophiolite complex that was generated when the Saudí plate was introduced under the Iran-Zagros, in the Cretaceous, are made with the technique and striped characteristic of the Bronze Age and Iron Age. We conducted the study respecting its conservation without any intervention on them, using the latest available technologies and performing aerial, terrestrial and near object digital photogrammetry and applying at the same time the methodology of Landscape Archaeology.http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIGeo2017.2017.6593
MATLAB-BASED TOOL FOR DRAINAGE NETWORK ORDERING BY HORTON AND HACK HIERARCHIES
Authors: Pastor-Martín Candela , Antón Loreto , Fernández-González Carlos
Published: November 2017

This work presents a new MATLAB-based tool designed for network extraction and drainage network orderings by Horton and Hack hierarchies. Most GIS software offers only topological network orderings, based on joining segments, such as Stahler or Shreve, providing segments between junctions but not entire streams. Differently, Hack and Horton orderings allow organizing a drainage network in a hierarchy, identifying the parent segment over the child segment, giving as a result a drainage network where the value of a river remains unchanged from the mouth upstream to the headwater, allowing extracting entire streams. Horton and Hack hierarchies ease the interpretation of a drainage system compared to Strahler and Shreve. To extract the drainage network, this tool uses TopoToolbox 2 functions, to compute the prior steps of the channel network extraction and channel network ordering processes, and develops new functions. To sort a network, this tool allows selecting the parameter that defines the network hierarchy. This parameter is the so-called hierarchy attribute and could be the distance upstream, which refers to the distance between a junction upstream to the headwater, or the upstream accumulation, which is the accumulation at the junction. In addition to these mandatory parameters, the tool offers a set of optional parameters which turns it into a competitive alternative to generate a highly tailored ordered drainage network. The continuous channel network provided by the tool facilitates the use of other multiple applications for landscape analysis, such as the extraction longitudinal profiles or basin analysis through geomorphic indices.http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIGeo2017.2017.6607
APLICACIONES DE LOS ÍNDICES DE FRAGMENTACIÓN DE LOS USOS DEL SUELO PARA CARACTERIZAR LA EXPANSIÓN URBANA
Authors: Sapena Marta , Ruiz Luis Ángel
Published: November 2017

The growing number of people living in urban areas implies the need for more sustainable landscape management. The analysis and monitorization of urban areas allows for the quantification and characterization of urban sprawl processes. Currently, new geospatial and statistical databases are being developed in Europe (Urban Atlas and Urban Audit) with up-to-date and homogeneous information on urban areas, easing its comparison and monitorization, as well as the development of tools for computing urban fragmentation metrics by means of these data, such as IndiFrag. In this work, three applications of fragmentation metrics in multiple scales are presented. Firstly, an intra-urban analysis has been conducted by municipalities in Rome in two dates. Secondly, a massive analysis, comparing at the inter-urban level the fragmentation degree for one date and their growth patterns in a sample of 68 European urban areas. Finally, multiple regression models were tested to explore the prediction of socio-economic variables using the fragmentation metrics of the 68 urban areas. The outcomes show that fragmentation metrics for the analysis of morphology, composition, and urban growth, allow for quantifying urban sprawl patterns at intra- and inter-urban levels, facilitating its relation with socio-economic variables.http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIGeo2017.2017.6621
VARIABILIDAD DE LA LÍNEA DE COSTA A PARTIR DE IMÁGENES DE SATÉLITE Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA TEXTURA DEL SEDIMENTO
Authors: Cabezas-Rabadán Carlos , Almonacid-Caballer Jaime , Pardo-Pascual Josep E. , Soriano-González Jesús
Published: November 2017

Beaches are natural environments of great interest for our society. They go through remarkable changes run by key factors that are interconnected according to the literature. A better understanding of these parameters, such as sediment texture and shoreline variability, would be of a great interest for coastal monitoring and planning. Shorelines of all Landsat 8 (OLI) images available over the course of one year have been obtained for determining the variability that has occurred in different Valencian beaches. Likewise, the relation between shoreline variability and sediment texture has been evaluated, showing that beaches with higher variability over the year have smaller sediment texture, which is also related with gentle slopes, and vice versa. The methodology allows obtaining the shoreline variability, a key parameter of beach morphodynamics, in a semiautomatic way. The variability allows developing a gross estimate of beach texture.http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIGeo2017.2017.6628
VIABILIDAD Y OPERATIVA EN LA DIGITALIZACIÓN DE CASOS RUPESTRES PREHISTÓRICO DEL “ARTE SUREÑO”: RECETAS DIGITALES DESDE TÉCNICAS SFM Y PLATAFORMAS OPEN SOURCE
Authors: Maximiliano Castilejo Alfredo , Barcia García Camilo
Published: November 2017

We present a case study on digitalization of Southern Rock Art (“Arte Sureño”) in a prehistoric rock shelter from Los Barrios, Cádiz (southern Iberian Peninsula); there we use SfM techniques to obtain some digital products for both analytic and divulgation goals. This way, we highlight some opportunities that low-cost devices (e.g. no-professional digital camera) and open software have introduced in archaeology today. We made it to converge in a working process to register and manage rock art expressions and their immediate surroundings (i.e. natural stone blocks, walls, niches…). From this action, we not only support our work in digital 3D about multiple and varied entities that make up the scenario and neighbour context of rock art through the use of multiple low cost / free resources, but also, we intend to adjust all this operative for the processes of investigation, protection and diffusion on the varied cases that make up this unique singular artistic heritage.http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIGeo2017.2017.6658
STRESS TRANSFERE AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF 2012 AHAR-VARZEGHAN SEISMIC SEQUNCE, NORTHWESTERN IRAN
Authors: Yazdi Pouye , Gaspar Escribano Jorge Miguel , Santoyo Miguel Angel
Published: November 2017

In 11 of August 2012, two destructive earthquakes with Mw= 6.4 and 6.2 occurred between cities Ahar and Varzeghan (Northwest Iran). They had a close epicentral distance of 6 Km and also had a short time lag of 11 minutes. Following that, a high-rate of aftershock activity began where during the first month more than 2000 events (M≥0.7) affected several villages in the area. The seismic released energy induced significant damage and losses in an extensive zone. Right after the seismic doublet occurrence, a surface rupture with a primarily east-west orientation was observed. The idea of having an almost vertically dipped fault plane for the first shock is more consistent with the trace of the upper edge on the surface and the focal mechanism solutions which propose a steady dipping EW. Previous studies propose different geometries for the generating faults of the second earthquake. In this study, we associate the surface rupture with the first mainshock and both nodal plane explaining the relationship between the two main seismic events are discussed after Coulomb failure stress calculation due to the first shock. Then the stress transfer because of the doublet is analyzed in order to determine its consistency with the statistical modeling prediction for the aftershock population and spatial distribution. For statistical modeling a temporal version of Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) is applied on one-year seismicity including events with minimum magnitude of 2.5.http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIGeo2017.2017.6662