bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HDAC6 Inhibition Corrects Electrophysiological and Axonal Transport Deficits in a Human Stem Cell‐Based Model of Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth Disease (Type 2D)
Authors: Smith Alec S.T. , Kim Jong Hyun , Chun Changho , Gharai Ava , Moon Hyo Won , Kim Eun Young , Nam Soo Hyun , Ha Nina , Song Ju Young , Chung Ki Wha , Doo Hyun Myung , Hesson Jennifer , Mathieu Julie , Bothwell Mark , Choi Byung‐Ok , Kim Deok‐Ho
Published: December 2021

Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease type 2D (CMT2D), is a hereditary peripheral neuropathy caused by mutations in the gene encoding glycyl‐tRNA synthetase (GARS1). Here, human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)‐based models of CMT2D bearing mutations in GARS1 and their use for the identification of predictive biomarkers amenable to therapeutic efficacy screening is described. Cultures containing spinal cord motor neurons generated from this line exhibit network activity marked by significant deficiencies in spontaneous action potential firing and burst fire behavior. This result matches clinical data collected from a patient bearing a GARS1P724H mutation and is coupled with significant decreases in acetylated α‐tubulin levels and mitochondrial movement within axons. Treatment with histone deacetylase 6 inhibitors, tubastatin A and CKD504, improves mitochondrial movement and α‐tubulin acetylation in these cells. Furthermore, CKD504 treatment enhances population‐level electrophysiological activity, highlighting its potential as an effective treatment for CMT2D.
Repeated Recovery of Rare Earth Elements Using a Highly Selective and Thermo‐Responsive Genetically Encoded Polypeptide
Authors: Hussain Zohaib , Kim Seoungkyun , Cho Jinhwan , Sim Gyudae , Park Youngjune , Kwon Inchan
Published: December 2021

Rare earth elements (REEs) have become increasingly important materials owing to their use in the high‐tech and clean‐energy industries. However, the unpredictable supply, possible health risks, and environmentally unsustainable extraction practices associated with REEs have encouraged the development of green technologies for the selective extraction and recovery of metals. This study presents a simple and innovative approach for the selective extraction and recovery of total REEs. Elastin‐like polypeptide (ELP) and the REE‐binding domain (lanmodulin) are fused to form REEs‐sensitive and thermo‐responsive genetically encoded ELP called RELP, where ELP offered a reversible, inverse phase transition for repeated uses. The RELP are purified and used for the selective extraction of total REEs from competing non‐REEs metals by controlling the solution temperature (4 and 37 °C) and pH. RELP exhibit high REE specificity, even in the presence of non‐REE metal ions. The bound REEs are readily recovered during at least six repeated cycles, and the efficiency is maintained. Moreover, REEs are selectively recovered by RELP from steel slag leachate, a potential industrial source of REEs. RELP offers a rapid, selective, and scalable method for REE extraction and recovery. This technology can be adapted to recover other precious metals and commodities.
Reversing Hydrogel Adhesion Property via Firmly Anchoring Thin Adhesive Coatings
Authors: Feng Haiyan , Ma Yanfei , Zhang Zhizhi , Yang Song , Ma Zhengfeng , Zhang Yunlei , Ma Shuanhong , Yu Bo , Cai Meirong , Pei Xiaowei , Zhou Feng
Published: December 2021

Hydrogels, exhibiting wide application prospects in soft robotics, tissue engineering, implantable electronics, etc., upon functioning often require to adhere to substrates especially in wet environments despite that most hydrogels are nonsticky because of their high water content and hydrophilicity. Herein, a strategy to rapidly reverse the adhesion properties of hydrogels via surface anchoring very thin adhesive coatings is reported. Inspired by mussel adhesion, poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel is first coated with polymerized tannic acid that chelates with Fe3+, which serves as the interface bonding layer. Subsequently, a wet adhesive poly(dopamine methacrylamide‐co‐methoxyethyl acrylate) is firmly anchored to form the very thin adhesive coating (<10 µm) that can generate high adhesion strength both in the air and underwater. The adhesive coating also endows hydrogels with high water retention capacity under warm condition (50 °C) and is able to get on‐demand functionalization on the designated area to achieve asymmetric adhesion, static and dynamic control over wettability. The strategy demonstrates potentials for broad applications from biomedicine to wearable electronics.
Au@Ag Nanorods‐PDMS Wearable Mouthguard as a Visualized Detection Platform for Screening Dental Caries and Periodontal Diseases
Authors: Ma Dongxu , Chen Baiqi , Li Yuanfang , Pang Xueyuan , Fu Quanying , Xiao Zihan , Shi Zhonghong , Li Xiaolei , Luo Chongdai , Zhou Zhang‐kai , Chen Yin , Zhou Jianhua
Published: December 2021

The development of easy‐to‐use, low‐cost, and visualized detection platforms for screening human dental caries and periodontal diseases is in urgent demand. In this work, a Au@Ag nanorods‐poly(dimethylsiloxane) (Au@Ag NRs‐PDMS) wearable mouthguard, which can visualize the tooth lesion sites through the color change of it at the corresponding locations, is presented. The Au@Ag NRs‐PDMS composite exhibits a distinct color response to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas generated by bacterial decay at the lesion sites. Moreover, the Au@Ag NRs‐PDMS mouthguard is demonstrated to own desired mechanical properties, excellent chemical stability, as well as good biocompatibility, and can accurately locate the lesion sites in human oral cavity. These findings suggest that the mouthguard has the potential to be utilized on a large scale to help people self‐monitor their oral health in daily life, and treat oral diseases locally.
Artificial Nacre with High Toughness Amplification Factor: Residual Stress‐Engineering Sparks Enhanced Extrinsic Toughening Mechanisms
Authors: Meng Yu‐Feng , Zhu Yin‐Bo , Zhou Li‐Chuan , Meng Xiang‐Sen , Yang Yu‐Lu , Zhao Ran , Xia Jun , Yang Bo , Lu Yu‐Jie , Wu Heng‐An , Mao Li‐Bo , Yu Shu‐Hong
Published: December 2021

The high fracture toughness of mollusk nacre is predominantly attributed to the structure‐associated extrinsic mechanisms such as platelet sliding and crack deflection. While the nacre‐mimetic structures are widely adopted in artificial ceramics, the extrinsic mechanisms are often weakened by the relatively low tensile strength of the platelets with a large aspect ratio, which makes the fracture toughness of these materials much lower than expected. Here, it is demonstrated that the fracture toughness of artificial nacre materials with high inorganic contents can be improved by residual stress‐induced platelet strengthening, which can catalyze more effective extrinsic toughening mechanisms that are specific to the nacre‐mimetic structures. Thereby, while the absolute fracture toughness of the materials is not comparable with advanced ceramic‐based composites, the toughness amplification factor of the material reaches 16.1 ± 1.1, outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art biomimetic ceramics. The results reveal that, with the merit of nacre‐mimetic structural designs, the overall fracture toughness of the artificial nacre can be improved by the platelet strengthening through extrinsic toughening mechanisms, although the intrinsic fracture toughness may decrease at platelet level due to the strengthening. It is anticipated that advanced structural ceramics with exceeding performance can be fabricated through these unconventional strategies.
Achieving Ultraviolet C and Ultraviolet B Dual‐Band Persistent Luminescence by Manipulating the Garnet Structure
Authors: Wang Xianli , Mao Yuanbing
Published: December 2021

Persistent luminescence (PersL) at the high‐energy spectral end (ultraviolet, UV) is generally hard to achieve, although a long‐lasting UV PersL can play an irreplaceable role in outdoor imaging and other UV‐triggered applications. No PersL with dual ultraviolet C (UVC) and ultraviolet B (UVB) bands from a single material has previously been attained until the authors have designed Pr3+‐doped (Ca1.5Y1.5)(Al3.5Si1.5)O12 (CYAS‐Pr) through cosubstituting Ca2+–Si4+ into Y3Al5O12 garnet structure in this study. The CYAS‐Pr exhibits lattice shrinkage and distortion caused by the Ca2+–Si4+ cosubstitution, which boosts the creation of trapping centers essential to the unprecedented UVC and UVB dual‐band PersL with maxima at 266 and 311 nm upon being charged by UV irradiation at 254 nm. Both UVC and UVB PersL decay over 12 h with the existence of two different Pr3+ environments at Ca2+ and Y3+ sites, respectively. Moreover, the CYAS‐Pr shows efficient dual information storage and precise long‐distance self‐sustained “solar‐blind” imaging capabilities in a wide field of view. It is expected that this dual UVC and UVB PersL in the CYAS‐Pr will trigger further exploration toward persistent sterilization and persistent photocatalysis along with other applications.
Quadruple Anti‐Counterfeiting Retroreflective Structural Color Films
Authors: Ji Cuiping , Chen Min , Wu Limin
Published: December 2021

While structural color materials are widely exploited in anti‐counterfeiting applications, it still remains a challenge to develop advanced and multifunctional structural colors for new anti‐counterfeiting technologies. Herein, a novel patterned retroreflective structural color film (PRSCF) with quadruple anti‐counterfeiting capacities is reported based on the changes in iridescent and non‐iridescent colors due to total internal reflection and interference mechanisms, reversible thermal‐responsive patterns owing to the shape memory effect, and reversible decryption and encryption of the patterns due to the surface wettability difference. This quadruple anti‐counterfeiting PRSCF greatly improves the security level and may find important potentials in precious artworks and displays.
FasL+PD‐L2+ Identifies a Novel Immunosuppressive Neutrophil Population in Human Gastric Cancer That Promotes Disease Progression
Authors: Shan Zhi‐Guo , Zhao Yong‐Liang , Zhang Jin‐Yu , Yan Zong‐Bao , Wang Ting‐Ting , Mao Fang‐Yuan , Teng Yong‐Sheng , Peng Liu‐Sheng , Chen Wan‐Yan , Wang Pan , Cheng Ping , Tian Wen‐Qing , Chen Jun , Chen Weisan , Zhuang Yuan
Published: December 2021

Neutrophils constitute abundant cellular components in human gastric cancer (GC) tissues, but their protumorigenic subset in pathogenesis of GC progression is unclear. Here, it is found that patients with GC show significantly higher neutrophil infiltration in tumors that is regulated by CXCL12‐CXCR4 chemotaxis. These tumor‐infiltrating neutrophils express high level immunosuppressive molecules FasL and PD‐L2, and this FasL+PD‐L2+ neutrophil subset with a unique phenotype constitutes at least 20% of all neutrophils in advanced GC and predicts poor patient survival. Tumor induces neutrophils to express FasL and PD‐L2 proteins with similar phenotype to those in GC tumors in both time‐dependent and dose‐dependent manners. Mechanistically, Th17 cell‐derived IL‐17A and tumor cell‐derived G‐CSF can significantly induce neutrophil FasL and PD‐L2 expression via activating ERK‐NF‐κB and JAK‐STAT3 signaling pathway, respectively. Importantly, upon over‐expressing FasL and PD‐L2, neutrophils acquire immunosuppressive functions on tumor‐specific CD8+ T‐cells and promote the growth and progression of human GC tumors in vitro and in vivo, which can be reversed by blocking FasL and PD‐L2 on these neutrophils. Thus, the work identifies a novel protumorigenic FasL+PD‐L2+ neutrophil subset in GC and provides new insights for human cancer immunosuppression and anti‐cancer therapies targeting these pathogenic cells.
Engineering the Hole Extraction Interface Enables Single‐Crystal MAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Exceeding 22% and Superior Indoor Response
Authors: Li Ning , Feng Anbo , Guo Xinbo , Wu Jinming , Xie Shengdan , Lin Qinglian , Jiang Xiaomei , Liu Yang , Chen Zhaolai , Tao Xutang
Published: December 2021

Perovskite single crystals have recently been regarded as emerging candidates for photovoltaic application due to their improved optoelectronic properties and stability compared to their polycrystalline counterparts. However, high interface and bulk trap density in micrometer‐thick thin single crystals strengthen unfavorable nonradiative recombination, leading to large open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and energy loss. Herein, hydrophobic poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) molecule is incorporated into a hole transport layer to interact with undercoordinated Pb2+ and promote ion diffusion in a confined space, resulting in higher‐quality thin single crystals with reduced interface and bulk defect density, suppressed nonradiative recombination, accelerated charge transport, and extraction. As a result, a remarkably enhanced VOC of up to 1.13 V and efficiency of 22.1% are achieved, which are both the highest values for MAPbI3 single‐crystal solar cells. Moreover, the reduced defect density and suppressed carrier recombination lead to superior weak light response of the single‐crystal solar cells after incorporation of P3HT, and an indoor photovoltaic efficiency of 39.2% at 1000 lux irradiation is obtained.
Hückel‐ and Baird‐Type Global Aromaticity in a 3D Fully Conjugated Molecular Cage
Authors: Wu Shaofei , Ni Yong , Han Yi , Hou Xudong , Wang Congyong , Hu Wenping , Wu Jishan
Published: December 2021

Global aromaticity in 3D π‐conjugated molecular cages remains largely unexplored. Herein, we report the facile synthesis of a fully conjugated molecular cage (1) containing two bridged triphenylamine units and three quinoidal bithiophene arms. X‐ray crystallographic analysis, NMR/ESR measurements and theoretical calculations reveal that: 1) its dication (12+) has an open‐shell singlet ground state and is 3D globally aromatic, with individual macrocycles being 2D Hückel aromatic; 2) its tetracation (14+) has a triplet ground state and is also 3D globally aromatic, with individual macrocycles being 2D Baird aromatic; and 3) its hexacation (16+) has a closed‐shell nature and shows local aromaticity. The study demonstrated a close relationship between 2D Hückel/Baird aromaticity and 3D global π‐aromaticity.
Infection Transmission Associated With Contaminated Ultrasound Probes: A Systematic Review
Authors: de Souza Hajar Karina , Quartim de Moraes Bruna Camila , Uchikawa Graziano Kazuko
Published: December 2021

A systematic review of seven studies on infections related to contaminated ultrasound probes showed that the infections were related to a failure in the decontamination process of ultrasound devices used on immature skin of neonates in an intensive care unit and transesophageal echocardiography probes. Six of the studies involved outbreaks in patients who underwent transesophageal echocardiography either during or after surgery or as a part of treatment for a nonsurgical cardiac condition. The evidence shows links between the infection outbreaks and environmental contamination, lack of standardized ultrasound probe disinfection processes, inadequate storage, and lack of monitoring of probe integrity. When personnel addressed the deficiencies (eg, improving the disinfection process, cleaning the probes immediately after use, inspecting the probes for defects), the infections ceased. Personnel involved with the reprocessing of ultrasound probes should clean, disinfect, inspect, and store ultrasound probes in a manner that maintains device integrity and prevents contamination.
Improving Skin Assessment Documentation in the Electronic Health Record to Prevent Perioperative Pressure Injuries
Authors: Monfre Jill , Batchelor Frances , Skar Anne
Published: December 2021

Perioperative leaders at a pediatric trauma hospital initiated an examination of the existing processes for pressure injury prevention. They assembled a workgroup comprising a wound and skin clinical nurse specialist, a nursing informatics specialist, and a perioperative nurse specialist who applied a proven change management framework to guide their efforts. The workgroup identified a critical gap in the documentation features in the electronic health record: nurses were unable to communicate skin assessment and pressure injury information easily and consistently across services (eg, inpatient, emergency department, surgical services). Using evidence from nursing and pressure injury associations on skin assessments, interventions, and documentation, the workgroup developed, trialed, and implemented updated documentation fields, making them consistent throughout the electronic health record. Based on postimplementation survey responses, nurses at the hospital are highly satisfied with the changes. The surgically acquired pressure injury rate at the hospital continues to remain low.
An Overview of Dupuytren’s Disease for Perioperative Nurses
Authors: Russell Mary C.
Published: December 2021

Dupuytren’s disease is a fibroproliferative condition that causes shortening, thickening, and fibrosis of the palmar fascia and a flexion deformity of metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints. Although the etiology is unknown, a variety of risk factors, such as age greater than 50 years, male sex, family history, or tobacco and alcohol use may lead to disease development. At the present time there is no cure and symptoms may recur; however, surgical procedures (eg, limited fasciectomy) and nonsurgical treatment (eg, needle aponeurotomy, injection of collagenase clostridium histolyticum) can help patients manage the disease’s symptoms. Patients may experience wound‐healing complications after fasciectomy and skin fissures after needle aponeurotomy. Recurrence rates for needle aponeurotomy and collagenase clostridium histolyticum injection are similar. Perioperative nurses should provide individualized patient care during procedures, participate in effective team communication regarding patient needs, and provide patient education throughout the perioperative continuum.
High‐performance fiber‐reinforced composites with a polydopamine/epoxy silane hydrolysis‐condensate bilayer on surface of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene fiber
Authors: Zhang Yao , Cao Shao , Zhou Xiaochen , Kong Fanmin , Li Huaidong , Jiang Guodong
Published: December 2021

A bilayer structure with polydopamine (PDA) transition layer and 3‐glycidyl ether oxy‐propyl trimethoxy silane (GOPTS) hydrolysis‐condensate strengthened layer on the surface of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber is prepared to improve the damage resistance of composites and more efficient stress transmission in composites. PDA is covered on the surface of UHMWPE fiber and then GOPTS is hydrolyzed and condensed to form inorganic ‐O‐Si‐O‐ with epoxy groups on the PDA layer. In addition, the surface activated nano‐SiO2 is dispersed in the epoxy resin to increase the strength of the matrix resin. The results show that the interfacial shear strength (IFSS), the impact strength, the flexural strength and flexural modulus of UHMWPE‐PDA‐GOPTS/EP‐SiO2 increase by 99.1%, 54.1%, 76.8%, and 36.6% respectively compared with unmodified UHMWPE/EP. The chemical compositions of the treated fiber surface are characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR). With the help of the scanning electron microscopy, the interface failure and reinforcement mechanism of the composites are further explored due to UHMWPE fiber shear yield deformation, UHMWPE fiber fracture, matrix resin cracking and the relative sliding friction between the fiber and matrix.
HPV16 E6 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of human cervical cancer cells by elevating both EMT and stemness characteristics
Authors: Lu YuFen , Chen Yu , Zhang ZiYu , Li MingMei , Chen XiaoXiao , Tu KaiJia , Li LongYu
Published: December 2021

In most cases of cervical cancer, the high risk of the disease is caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). Surgery or radiation usually benefits patients with early cervical cancer, while the metastatic one is uncurable and new therapeutic strategies and approaches are required. In this study, HPV16 E6 silence or overexpression were carried out to evaluate the possible mechanisms of HPV16 E6 function in cervical cancer cells with different HPV16 E6 expression background. HPV16 E6‐positive cervical cancer cell Siha exerts significantly stronger cell invasion and migration potentials than the HPV16 E6‐negative C33A cells. HPV16 E6 silence significantly weakened the potentials of cell invasion and migration, cell proliferation and stemness characteristic in Siha cells. Meanwhile, the overexpression of HPV16 E6 effectively promoted the cell proliferation and stemness characteristic in C33A cells. Our data also indicated a positive association between HPV16 E6 and the levels of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cell stemness. The ectopic expression of OCT4 could effectively reverse the inhibitory roles of HPV16 E6 silence on cell migration, invasion, and stemness in Siha cells. More interestingly, we found that HPV16 E6 might promote the OCT4 expression by impairing the direct binding of p53 on the promoter and activate its transcription. Taken together, our results indicated that HPV16 E6 could promoted the potential cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of human cervical cancer cells by modulating EMT and cell stemness. Our data provide a novel mechanism for how HPV16 E6 acts as a key risk factor for cervical cancer development and progression.
Proteinase 3 associated with Wegener's granulomatosis
Authors: Goldmann Wolfgang H.
Published: December 2021

Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is a form of systemic vasculitis characterized by granulomatous inflammation of the upper and lower airways, vasculitis, and necrotizing glomerulonephritis. It is strongly associated with anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies against proteinase 3 (PR3‐ANCAs). Various in vitro observations provided strong evidence that autoimmune PR3‐ANCAs are directly involved in glomerular and vascular inflammation. However, little is known about the pathogenic significance of PR3‐ANCAs in vivo. Therefore, the generation of animal models helped to validate the suggested autoimmune origin and pathophysiology in WG. To characterize and improve the models, numerous studies were carried out to elucidate the effect of mouse/rat PR3‐ANCAs on neutrophil function as well as the role of CD4/CD8 in T and B cells and antibodies in the pathogenesis of the disease. Understanding the pathogenesis is therefore critical to relate these models to human studies hoping that they will be useful for better insight of WG and the development of specific therapies for the disease.
Challenges in corticosteroid dose regulation in a patient with autoimmune thyroid disease and neuropsychiatric syndrome: A running commentary
Authors: Bidaki Reza , Saghafi Fatemeh , Ahrari Samira , Aghamollaii Vajiheh , Rahmani Mojde , Asadi Ahdie
Published: December 2021

In the following, we report a therapeutic challenge faced by reduction in corticosteroid therapeutic dosage in a patient diagnosed with Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE), which is equivalent to corticosteroid‐responsive encephalopathy related to autoimmune thyroiditis and often misdiagnosed as neuropsychiatric status. The patient developed psychiatric symptoms.
Reddish multilobulated mass on the scalp in a 13‐year‐old girl
Authors: Ben Rejeb Mohamed , El Mabrouk Randa Said , Ben Cheikh Sirine , Sriha Badreddine , Ghariani Nejet , Denguezli Mohamed
Published: December 2021

Nodular hidradenoma is a rare benign adnexal tumor that occurs as a solitary nodule with a predilection for the head, face, and upper extremities. We describe the case of nodular hidradenoma presenting as an expanding nodule on the scalp. This tumor is a simulator of malignant lesions on clinical and dermoscopic examination. Our case emphasizes the importance to identify this tumor as a differential for scalp lesions.
N‐Heterocyclic Phosphines as Precatalysts for the Highly Selective Degradation of Poly(lactic acid)
Authors: English Laura E. , Jones Matthew D. , Liptrot David J.
Published: December 2021

An N‐heterocyclic phosphine (NHP) has been investigated as a catalyst for transesterification of a range of commercial polymer samples. NHP catalysed degradation of poly(lactic acid) with methanol provides access to methyl lactate (MeLA) in high yields over the course of days. In situ NMR spectroscopy and kinetic analysis has provided quantitative assessment of the catalyst, and a solvent screen is reported. Surprisingly attempts to depolymerise polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were unsuccessful, and reactions mixed PLA/PCL and PLA/PET provided completely specific degradation of the PLA alone. NMR analysis of the catalyst provides insight into its solution speciation, indicating that the NHP does not remain intact under the transesterification conditions. The enediamine, tBuN(H)CH=CHN(H)tBu, was shown to be formed via methanolysis of the NHP and proved to be a selective catalyst for PLA degradation. Assessment of the depolymerisation activity of by‐products of the NHP methanolysis suggest this is the active catalyst.
„GES‐2“ Moskau – Verwandlung vom Kraftwerk zur Stätte für Kunst und Kultur – Ein Treffen von historischer Bausubstanz mit modernem Stahl‐/Glasbau
Authors: Zimmermann Stefan , Schmitt Felix
Published: December 2021

Das Industriedenkmal „GES‐2“ im Herzen Moskaus wird durch die V–A–C–Stiftung in eine Begegnungsstätte für Kunst und Kultur konvertiert. Die Restaurierung und Umnutzung, die auf Basis der Planung von Renzo Piano Building Workshop (RPBW) erfolgt, bewahrt die historische Bausubstanz und fügt moderne Elemente auf höchstem technischem und energetischem Standard hinzu. Das Gebäude erhält z. B. ein neues filigranes Stahl‐/Glasdach mit Photovoltaikelementen und neue Stahl‐/Glasfassaden aus Sonderprofilen, die sich an die historischen Verglasungen anlehnen. Der Artikel stellt die Herausforderungen dar, die sich aus der Vereinigung von historischer Bausubstanz mit Elementen des modernen Stahl‐/Glasbaus bei Planung, Fertigung und Montage ergeben.

“GES‐2” Moscow. Transformation from a power plant to a place for art and culture. An encounter of historical building structure with modern steel/glass construction. The industrial monument “GES‐2” in the heart of Moscow will be transformed by the V–A–C–Foundation into a meeting place for art and culture. The restoration and conversion based on the architectural design of Renzo Piano Building Workshop (RPBW), preserves the historical structure and adds modern elements of the highest technical and energy standards. The building receives, for example, a new filigree steel/glass roof with photovoltaic elements and new steel/glass facades made of special profiles that follow the historical glazing. The article presents the challenges arising from the combination of historical building structure with elements of modern steel/glass construction in design, production and installation.
Nationale Glasbaunormung – Überarbeitung von DIN 18008 Teile 3, 4 und 5
Authors: Siebert Geralt
Published: December 2021

Nachdem die Teile 1 und 2 der DIN 18008 mit Datum Mai 2020 (endlich) im Weißdruck erschienen sind, werden die darauf abgestimmten Teile 3, 4 und 5 überarbeitet. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die angedachten Änderungen sowie Hintergründe dazu. Die Novellierung des Bauordnungsrechts macht– wie auch schon bei den Teilen 1 und 2 – einige Änderungen erforderlich (Stichworte VSG, Heißlagerung von ESG). Der Entwicklung des Stands der Technik sind die meisten Änderungen bzw. Erweiterungen geschuldet, beispielhaft sind zu nennen die Berücksichtigung von flächenbündigen Punkthaltern in konusförmigen Glasbohrungen, eine Überarbeitung der Klassifizierung und Nachweisführung absturzsichernder Verglasungen oder die Diskussion über Aufnahme von Regelungen für Ganzglasanlagen geringerer Einbauhöhe. Abschließend ein kleiner Ausblick auf die Situation der europäischen Normungsaktivitäten.

National glass design standardization – Revision of DIN 18008 parts 3, 4 and 5. After Parts 1 and 2 of DIN 18008 with the date May 2020 (finally) have been published in final version, Parts 3, 4 and 5 will be revised. This article gives an overview of the planned changes as well as background information. The amendment of the federal building laws makes some changes necessary, as is was already the case with Parts 1 and 2 (keywords laminated safety glass, heat soak test of tempered safety glass). The development of the state of the art is the reason for most of the changes and extensions, for example the consideration of flush point fixings in conical glass holes, a revision of the classification and verification of barrier glazing, the discussion about the inclusion of regulations for all‐glass systems of lower installation height. Finally, a brief outlook on the situation of European standardization activities is given.
Bewertung der Ressourceneffizienz einer neu entwickelten Holz‐Glas‐Hülle im mehrgeschossigen Hochbau
Authors: Fadai Alireza , Stephan Daniel
Published: December 2021

Die zeitgenössische nachhaltige Architektur reagiert auf den umweltpolitischen Wandel und beschäftigt sich mit den Baustoffen Holz und Glas in der Fassade, sowie der bauphysikalischen Optimierung der Gebäudehülle. Im Rahmen der aktuellen Forschungsprojekte befassten sich die Autoren mit der energieeffizienten Optimierung von Gebäudehüllen im mehrgeschossigen Hochbau. Anhand der durchgeführten Parameterstudie für entwickelte Holz‐Glas‐Hybridelemente konnte bei Minimierung des Energie‐ und Ressourcenbedarfs eine effiziente Anordnung, sowie optimale Anteile der opaken Elemente ermittelt werden. Dies erfolgt hinsichtlich der Materialwahl auf Bauteilebene, sowie anhand daraus resultierender thermischer und ökologischer Simulationen auf Gebäudeebene, wodurch eine maßstabsunabhängige Bewertung der untersuchten Konstruktionen möglich wird.

The evaluation of resource efficiency of developed hybrid timber‐glass envelopes for multi‐story building construction. Contemporary sustainable architecture reacts to the environmental change and focuses on the building materials timber and glass construction as well as the optimization of the building envelope regarding building physics. In the context of the current research projects, the authors dealt with the energy‐efficient optimization of building envelopes in multi‐story building construction. Based on the parameter study for developed timber‐glass hybrid elements, an efficient arrangement as well as optimal proportions of opaque elements could be determined while minimizing the energy and resource requirements. This is done with regard to the choice of materials at the component level, as well as on the basis of the resulting thermal and ecological simulations at the building level, which allows a scale‐independent evaluation of the examined constructions.
Biegezugfestigkeit von emailliertem Flachglas unter Variation des Farbauftrages
Authors: Wünsch Jan , Wittwer Jost , Weller Bernhard
Published: December 2021

Emaillierte Gläser mit thermischer Vorspannung weisen gegenüber gleichartigen unbedruckten Gläsern eine geringere technische Biegezugfestigkeit an der bedruckten Oberfläche auf. Die relative Festigkeitsminderung hängt dabei unter anderem vom Auftragsverfahren und der sich daraus ergebenden Schichtstärke der Emaillierung ab. Dieser Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse von Biegeprüfungen im Vierschneidenverfahren nach Norm DIN EN 1288‐3 an siebbedruckten, digital bedruckten und mit Siebdruckfarbe besprühten Einscheiben‐Sicherheitsgläsern vor.

The Bending Tensile Strength of Enamelled Glazing under Variation of the Color Applications. Enameled glass with thermal tempering has a lower bending strength on the printed surface compared to similar unprinted toughened safety glass. The relative reduction in strength depends, among other things, on the application process and the resulting layer thickness of the enamel. This paper presents the results of four‐point‐bending‐tests according to the DIN EN 1288‐3 standard on different printed glass. The toughened safety glass has screen‐printed or digitally printed surfaces or has surfaces sprayed with screen printing ink.
C(spn)−X (n=1–3) Bond Activation by Palladium
Authors: Hansen Thomas , Sun Xiaobo , Dalla Tiezza Marco , van Zeist Willem‐Jan , Poater Jordi , Hamlin Trevor A. , Bickelhaupt F. M.
Published: December 2021

We have studied the palladium‐mediated activation of C(spn)−X bonds (n = 1–3 and X = H, CH3, Cl) in archetypal model substrates H3C−CH2−X, H2C=CH−X and HC≡C−X by catalysts PdLn with Ln = no ligand, Cl−, and (PH3)2, using relativistic density functional theory at ZORA‐BLYP/TZ2P. The oxidative addition barrier decreases along this series, even though the strength of the bonds increases going from C(sp3)−X, to C(sp2)−X, to C(sp)−X. Activation strain and matching energy decomposition analyses reveal that the decreased oxidative addition barrier going from sp3, to sp2, to sp, originates from a reduction in the destabilizing steric (Pauli) repulsion between catalyst and substrate. This is the direct consequence of the decreasing coordination number of the carbon atom in C(spn)−X, which goes from four, to three, to two along this series. The associated net stabilization of the catalyst–substrate interaction dominates the trend in strain energy which indeed becomes more destabilizing along this same series as the bond becomes stronger from C(sp3)−X to C(sp)−X.
Enantioselective Reductive Cross‐Coupling of Aryl/Alkenyl Bromides with Benzylic Chlorides via Photoredox/Biimidazoline Nickel Dual Catalysis
Authors: Li Tongtong , Cheng Xiaokai , Lu Jiamin , Wang Huifeng , Fang Qun , Lu Zhan
Published: December 2021

Comprehensive Summary

The asymmetric reductive arylation and alkenylation of benzylic chloride under photoredox/nickel dual catalysis using chiral biimidazoline (BiIm) ligand is reported to access 1,1‐diaryl alkanes and aryl allylic compounds with good yield as well as stereo‐ and enantioselectivities. This protocol uses more commercially available and less expensive C(sp2)‐Br as the electrophile coupling partner. A primary result using alkenyl chloride and alkyl chloride is also reported. Various functional groups are tolerated and the applications of this method are investigated by late‐stage functionalization and gram‐scale reaction.
Changes in biodiversity – the influence of climate change on the biological diversity of our earth
Authors: Fischer Sarah Christin , Heimann Rebekka
Published: December 2021

In diesem Beitrag wird ein fächerübergreifendes Konzept zum Thema Klimawandel und Biodiversität dargestellt, wobei besonders die Fächer Chemie, Biologie und Physik einbezogen werden. Sein Ziel ist die Förderung von Naturverbundenheit und besonders von Umweltwissen, was beides nachweislich die Umwelthandlungskompetenz beeinflusst. Den Schülerinnen und Schülern soll im Konzept die Bedeutung von Biodiversität im Kontext des Klimawandels bewusstwerden. Dabei wird das notwendige chemische Hintergrundwissen erarbeitet und anhand eines neuen Zusammenhangs gefestigt.
Immunoreactive distribution of gonadotropin‐inhibitory hormone precursor, RFRP, in a temperate bat species (Eptesicus fuscus)
Authors: Alonge Mattina M. , Greville Lucas J. S. , Faure Paul A. , Bentley George E.
Published: December 2021

Gonadotropin‐inhibitory hormone (GnIH, also known RFRP‐3 in mammals) is an important regulator of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and downstream reproductive physiology. Substantial species differences exist in the localization of cell bodies producing RFRP‐3 and patterns of fiber immunoreactivity in the brain, raising the question of functional differences. Many temperate bat species exhibit unusual annual reproductive patterns. Male bats upregulate spermatogenesis in late spring which is asynchronous with periods of mating in the fall, while females have the physiological capacity to delay their reproductive investment over winter via sperm storage or delayed ovulation/fertilization. Neuroendocrine mechanisms regulating reproductive timing in male and female bats are not well‐studied. We provide the first description of RFRP—precursor peptide of GnIH —expression and localization in the brain of any bat using a widespread temperate species (Eptesicus fuscus, big brown bat) as a model. RFRP mRNA expression was detected in the hypothalamus, testes, and ovaries of big brown bats. Cellular RFRP‐immunoreactivity was observed within the periventricular nuclei, dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, arcuate nucleus (Arc), and median eminence (ME). As in other vertebrates, RFRP fiber immunoreactivity was widespread, with the greatest density observed in the hypothalamus, preoptic area, Arc, ME, midbrain, and thalamic nuclei. Putative interactions between RFRP‐ir fibers and gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) cell bodies were observed in 16% of GnRH‐immunoreactive cells, suggesting direct regulation of GnRH via RFRP signaling. This characterization of RFRP distribution contributes to a deeper understanding of bat neuroendocrinology, which serves as foundation for manipulative approaches examining changes in reproductive neuropeptide signaling in response to environmental and physiological challenges within, and among, bat species.
Association rule mining based fuzzy manta ray foraging optimization algorithm for frequent itemset generation from social media
Authors: Lakshmi N. , Krishnamurthy M.
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, the concept of data mining is employed widely and created a great deal of attention due to its fast arrival. Numerous approaches to frequent itemsets and association rule mining (ARM) are exemplified in recent years, but still, the performances based on scalability and processing time are considered as a major drawback that results in obtaining the solutions with very poor quality. To overcome such shortcomings, this article proposes three significant phases, namely, the data pre‐processing phase, data pre‐processing, frequent itemset mining, and ARM. In data pre‐processing phase, the collected twitter datasets are pre‐processed to eliminate redundant data and convert them into an appropriate format for further mining. In the frequent itemset mining phase, an Apriori algorithm is employed for the exact mining of frequent itemsets. The ARM phase utilizes the fuzzy manta ray foraging (FMRF) optimization algorithm that involves the generation of association rules from the huge itemsets thereby achieving minimum confidence and minimum support value. Here, the recent tweets regarding Covid‐19, trump2020, joebiden, draintheswamp, and Godzilla are the datasets collected from the Twitter web link. The experimental analysis and the comparative performances are performed for various simulation measures and the results reveal that the proposed approach provides effective performances when compared with various other existing approaches.
An efficient malicious webpage static detection framework based on optimized Bayesian and hybrid machine learning
Authors: Yang Fan , Zhu Chaoqun , Xu Heng , Qian Yongfeng , Song Jun
Published: December 2021

Malicious webpage detection is a crucial work in both theory and practical environment. In practical applications, static detection methods are usually regarded as a priority choice, which can quickly detect unknown malicious web pages and avoid a costly in‐depth analysis. However, existing solution of static detection typically has the following problems. For example, a single static detection may lead to a higher false positive rate, and the integrated detection usually has a lower detection efficiency. In this article, we propose an efficient webpage static detection framework, especially considering both the detection efficiency and the detection accuracy. Then, on the basis of the extended feature sets from URL, HTML, and JavaScript, we introduce an optimized naive Bayesian algorithm, in which a novel amplification factor strategy is proposed. Finally, a webpage threat assessment model oriented to general machine learning is presented to achieve the refined detection. Three main properties are provided: high detection efficiency, high detection accuracy, and better applicability. Furthermore, the comprehensive experimental results and comparative analysis is given to show the advantages of the proposed framework.
Sex differences in refeeding among hospitalized adolescents and young adults with eating disorders
Authors: Nagata Jason M. , Bojorquez‐Ramirez Paola , Nguyen Anthony , Ganson Kyle T. , Machen Vanessa I. , Cattle Chloe J. , Buckelew Sara M. , Garber Andrea K.
Published: December 2021

Objective

To determine sex differences in refeeding (i.e., short‐term nutritional rehabilitation) outcomes among hospitalized adolescents and young adults with eating disorders.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed electronic medical records of 601 patients aged 9–25 years admitted to the University of California, San Francisco Eating Disorders Program for medical and nutritional management between May 2012 and August 2020. Descriptive statistics, crude, and adjusted linear regression models were used to assess the association between sex and nutritional outcomes and predictors of length of stay.

Results

A total of 588 adolescents and young adults met eligibility criteria (16% male, mean [SD] age 15.96  [2.75], 71.6% anorexia nervosa, admission percent median body mass index [%mBMI] 87.1 ± 14.1). In unadjusted comparisons, there were no significant sex differences in prescribed kilocalories (kcal) per day at admission (2013 vs. 1980, p = .188); however, males had higher estimated energy requirements (EER, kcal) (3,694 vs. 2,925, p < .001). In linear regression models adjusting for potential confounders, male sex was associated with higher prescribed kcals at discharge (B = 835 kcal, p < .001), greater weight change (B = 0.47 kg, p = .021), and longer length of stay (B = 1.94 days, p = .001) than females. Older age, lower admission weight, lower prescribed kcal at admission, higher EER, and lower heart rate at admission were factors associated with longer length of stay in a linear regression model.

Discussion

These findings support the development of individualized approaches for males with eating disorders to improve quality of care and health care efficiency among an underserved population.
Multi‐scale habitat selection of key frugivores predicts large‐seeded tree recruitment in tropical forest restoration
Authors: Reid J. Leighton , Zahawi Rakan A. , Zárrate‐Chary Diego A. , Rosales Juan A. , Holl Karen D. , Kormann Urs
Published: December 2021

Large‐seeded, animal‐dispersed (LSAD) trees include some of the most valuable and threatened species in the tropics, but they are chronically underrepresented in regenerating forests. Toucans disperse many LSAD species, so attracting toucans to regenerating forests should help re‐establish more diverse tree communities. We ask: (1) What constitutes suitable toucan habitat in premontane southern Costa Rica? (2) How much do small‐scale restoration strategies influence toucan visitation compared to landscape‐scale habitat suitability outside of restoration sites? (3) How well does toucan visitation predict the richness of LSAD tree species recruiting into regenerating forests? We combined habitat suitability models with long‐term toucan observations and comprehensive tree recruitment surveys to assess these questions in a multi‐site forest restoration experiment. Restoration treatments included tree plantations, natural regeneration, and applied nucleation. Habitat suitability obtained by modeling for three sympatric toucan species was predicted by elevation and the extent and age of landscape forest cover. Within suitable landscapes, toucans visited areas restored via tree planting ≥5 yr sooner and ≥2× more often than plots restored via natural regeneration. Tree plantations in suitable toucan habitat at the landscape scale had LSAD tree recruitment communities that were 2–3× richer in species than plantations in poor toucan habitat, and 71% (15/21) of all recruiting LSAD tree species were found only in plantations where landscape habitat was suitable for the largest toucan,Ramphastos ambiguus. Results support a multi‐spatial‐scale model for predicting toucan‐mediated dispersal of LSAD trees. Tree planting increases toucan visitation and LSAD tree recruitment, but only within landscapes that represent suitable toucan habitat. More broadly, habitat suitability modeling for key seed dispersers can help prioritize restoration actions within heterogenous landscapes.
Adult piping plover habitat selection varies by behavior
Authors: Robinson Samantha , Bellman Henrietta , Walker Katie , Catlin Daniel , Karpanty Sarah , Ritter Shannon , Fraser James
Published: December 2021

Piping plovers (Charadrius melodus, “plover”) are beach‐nesting shorebirds that occupy their breeding range from about April to August. When plovers arrive on the breeding grounds, they select and defend territories, lay and incubate eggs, and tend to precocial broods; additionally, adults can return to a non‐breeding stage after final nest failure or after chicks have fledged or died. We hypothesized that habitat selection would differ among these phases of the breeding cycle because the needs of the birds differ among them. We monitored plovers on Fire Island and Westhampton Island, New York, during 2016–2018, recording individual locations of adult birds. We used resource selection functions to determine whether breeding stage (pre‐breeding, nesting, brooding, post‐breeding), breeding status (breeding, non‐breeding), or instantaneous behavior class (parental [incubating, brooding, and accompanying chicks], non‐parental [all other behaviors]) best explained relationships with landscape characteristics known to be important to breeding plovers. Differences in habitat selection between adults exhibiting parental behaviors and non‐parental behaviors had the greatest support in our model set. Compared with non‐parental plovers, plovers displaying parental behavior selected areas closer to bay intertidal habitats and with proportionally more dry sand in the surrounding landscape than other habitat types. Non‐parental plovers avoided areas with more dry sand and did not select for or against bay intertidal habitats. Additionally, non‐parental plovers avoided development and higher elevation areas more than parental plovers, although both exhibited avoidance of these features. The total amount of suitable habitat ranged from 100.14 ha to 151.07 ha. In each year, there was more suitable habitat for parental plovers (129.57–151.07 ha) than non‐parental plovers (100.14–108.83 ha). Due to these differences, when improving, creating, and protecting plover habitat, managers should consider habitat needs of both behavioral classes. Habitat management for nesting and brooding plovers should focus on maintaining vegetation‐free sand and access to foraging habitat, and habitat management for non‐parental plovers should focus on flat, low‐elevation foraging habitats, particularly areas further from development.