bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recognizing Levels of Justification: To Add or to Subtract
Authors: Fumerton Richard
Published: October 2019

In this paper I explore the idea of developing something like Sosa's influential distinction betweencognitioandscientia(animal knowledge and reflective knowledge) to epistemic justification. On the assumption that we should, I explore the question of whether we should do so by either (1) beginning with a really basic, intellectually undemanding kind of justification, recognizing more sophisticated intellectually rewarding justification by layering more demanding requirements on that basic sort, or (2) beginning with an ideal sort of justification and recognizing less demanding sorts of justification by stripping away conditions from that ideal justification.
Aiming at Aptness
Authors: Schechter Joshua
Published: October 2019

This paper discusses Ernest Sosa's account of knowledge and epistemic normativity. The paper has two main parts. The first part identifies places where Sosa's account requires supplementation if it is going to capture important epistemic phenomena. In particular, additional theoretical resources are needed to explain (i) the way in which epistemic aims are genuinely good aims, and (ii) the way in which some forms of reasoning can be epistemically better than others even when they are equally conducive to attaining the truth. The second part focuses on Sosa's claim that there is a kind of belief – judgmental belief – that doesn't merely aim at truth but also aims at aptness, and that this kind of belief is central to our mental lives. The paper raises several concerns about this part of Sosa's account, including the concern that aiming at aptness is overly self-directed, and so is more closely tied to vice than epistemic virtue.
Reflection and Security
Authors: Sosa Ernest
Published: October 2019

“Reflection and Security” introduces a distinctive notion of default assumptions, one that applies in human performance domains generally, and uses that notion to extend virtue epistemology in new directions.
The Chinese Ring puzzle, the Crazy Elephant Dance puzzle, theb-Spinout puzzle, and Gray codes
Authors: Cooper Curtis
Published: October 2019

The Chinese Ring puzzle consists of a long loop with a handle on one end and nine rings entwined on the loop (see Figure 1).
The morphology of
Authors: Simoson Andrew J.
Published: October 2019

What are the units, irreducibles, and primes of the ring ${\mathbb{Z}}\sqrt n $, the set of all numbers $a + b\sqrt n $ where a and b are integers and n is a fixed positive square-free integer? In the ring ${\mathbb{Z}}$, primes and irreducibles are synonymous and its units are ±1. ${\mathbb{Z}}\sqrt n $ is wilder, and our modest goal here is to catalogue all such numbers for ${\mathbb{Z}}\sqrt {{\rm{[10]}}} $, where a and b range from 0 to 10; the result appears in Figure 1. Here are a few teasers that may induce a reader to read on: $3 + \sqrt {10} $ is a unit; 2, 3, 5, and 7 are irreducibles, but not 31; and 7 is the least positive integer that is prime in both ${\mathbb{Z}}$ and ${\mathbb{Z}}\sqrt {{\rm{[10]}}} $.
A diagram for inequalities of symmetric functions
Authors: Dolan Stan
Published: October 2019

Consider the problem of proving that, for any positive numbers x, y and z,

$${\rm{9 (}}{{\rm{x}}^{\rm{3}}}{\rm{ + }}{{\rm{y}}^{\rm{3}}}{\rm{ + }}{{\rm{z}}^{\rm{3}}}{\rm{) }} \ge {\rm{ (x + y + z}}{{\rm{)}}^{\rm{3}}}{\rm{ }}{\rm{.}}$$

This is an example of a type of inequality that frequently occurs in Olympiad-style problems, [1]. These problems may involve symmetric functions of more or fewer variables than the three used here. However, three variables are commonly used and appear to give appropriately difficult problems without making excessive computational demands.
Iterating circum-medial triangles
Authors: Humenberger Hans , Embacher Franz
Published: October 2019

When considering ‘convergence’ many people think of number sequences or contexts arising from calculus. But there are also interesting phenomena of convergence – easy to visualize – arising in elementary geometry. Some of them are so elementary that they can be dealt with at school, for instance an example of iteration that is described in [1, p. 171f] (see also [2, p. 59], [3, p. 222f] and [4, p. 42ff]).
Dual Citizenship inDe FactoStates: Comparative Case Study of Abkhazia and Transnistria
Authors: Ganohariti Ramesh
Published: October 2019

The contested nature ofde factostates and their acceptance of dual citizenship results in the overlap of multiple citizenship regimes, leading to individuals living inde factostates possessing multiple citizenship statuses. Using the Most Similar Systems Design, this article explores the factors that influence the (divergent) citizenship regimes of Abkhazia and Transnistria; the former allows dual citizenship only with Russia, while the latter places no restrictions. The primary reason for the adoption of dual citizenship is for pragmatic reasons, as the secondary citizenship can compensate for the lack of benefits (such as international travel, diplomatic protection) afforded by thede factostate’s citizenship. This said, having an ethnicized national identity, in contrast to a civic (state-centered) national identity, can produce (dual) citizenship laws that give preferential treatment to the titular group and its diaspora. Additionally, the influence exerted by the patron state (Russia) and the severity of the conflict with the parent state (Georgia/Moldova) influences dual citizenship in becoming conditional and thus more exclusive.
Perceiving isn't believing: Divergence in levels of sociolinguistic awareness
Authors: McGowan Kevin B. , Babel Anna M.
Published: October 2019

The influence of social knowledge on speech perception is a question of interest to a range of disciplines of language research. This study combines experimental and qualitative approaches to investigate whether the various methodological and disciplinary threads of research on this topic are truly investigating the same phenomenon to provide converging evidence in our understanding of social listening. This study investigates listeners’ perceptions of Spanish and Quechua speakers speaking Spanish in the context of a contact zone between these two languages and their speakers in central Bolivia. The results of a pair of matched-guise vowel discrimination tasks and subsequent interviews demonstrate that what peopleperceive, as measured by experimental tasks, is not necessarily what theybelievethey hear, as reported in narrative responses to interview prompts. Multiple methodological approaches must be employed in order to fully understand the way that we perceive language at diverging levels of sociolinguistic awareness. (Perception, sociophonetics, sociolinguistics, awareness, Andean Spanish)
A relational logic for higher-order programs
Authors: AGUIRRE ALEJANDRO , BARTHE GILLES , GABOARDI MARCO , GARG DEEPAK , STRUB PIERRE-YVES
Published: October 2019

Relational program verification is a variant of program verification where one can reason about two programs and as a special case about two executions of a single program on different inputs. Relational program verification can be used for reasoning about a broad range of properties, including equivalence and refinement, and specialized notions such as continuity, information flow security, or relative cost. In a higher-order setting, relational program verification can be achieved using relational refinement type systems, a form of refinement types where assertions have a relational interpretation. Relational refinement type systems excel at relating structurally equivalent terms but provide limited support for relating terms with very different structures. We present a logic, called relational higher-order logic (RHOL), for proving relational properties of a simply typed λ-calculus with inductive types and recursive definitions. RHOL retains the type-directed flavor of relational refinement type systems but achieves greater expressivity through rules which simultaneously reason about the two terms as well as rules which only contemplate one of the two terms. We show that RHOL has strong foundations, by proving an equivalence with higher-order logic, and leverage this equivalence to derive key meta-theoretical properties: subject reduction, admissibility of a transitivity rule, and set-theoretical soundness. Moreover, we define sound embeddings for several existing relational type systems such as relational refinement types and type systems for dependency analysis and relative cost, and we verify examples that were out of reach of prior work.
Remaking Classical Music: Cultures of Creativity inPleasure Garden
Authors: BROWNING JOSEPH
Published: October 2019

Taking its theoretical orientation from Sherry Ortner's distinction between ‘power’ and ‘projects’, this article considers the relationship between local artistic projects and the cultures in which they participate. I focus onPleasure Garden, a collaborative project that spans site-specific installations, concerts and an album. Exploring a wide range of issues at stake in the creative process, including collaboration, gender, aesthetics, colonialism, the work concept, and commodification, I trace howPleasure Garden’s creators variously reproduced and reworked dominant conventions, while at the same time pursuing their own distinctive commitments. Through this, I argue thatPleasure Garden’s creators negotiated a space that was inside, yet sometimes out of alignment with what I call the ‘cultures of creativity’ associated with Western art music, the music industries, late capitalism, and neoliberalism. This highlights both the powerful forces affecting musicians today and the possibilities for making things otherwise.
Long-term and decentred trajectories of doing history from a global perspective: institutionalization, postcolonial critique, and empiricist approaches, before and after the 1970s
Authors: Naumann Katja
Published: October 2019

Notions of the ‘global’ in historiography have a long tradition, and yet they appear to be a novelty. This article shows how older understandings of world history, imbued with Eurocentric presuppositions and universalist metaphysical reasoning, were questioned and revised in a long-term process. Recent criticism of Eurocentrism, linked with postcolonial scholarship, and the development of source-based approaches to study global connections and comparisons are usually recognized as innovations that took shape since the 1970s. In fact, they are rooted in profound conceptual revisions and academic institutionalization, which began much earlier. Based on the development of the field of world history in the United States, this article argues that concepts for a multipolar, interactive, and transcultural history developed from a dialectical and critical move away from older narratives. Historians and area specialists have wrestled for at least half a century with questions and problems that were rediscovered in the global turn of the 1980s and 1990s. Furthermore, the example shows that the field developed in specific trajectories, reflecting local and national institutional academic circumstances, as well as specific socio-political contexts.
Evolution of the Josephine Peridotite Shear Zones: 1. Compositional Variation and Shear Initiation
Authors: Kumamoto Kathryn M. , Warren Jessica M. , Hauri Erik H.
Published: October 2019

Shear localization in the upper mantle, a necessity for plate tectonics, can have a number of causes, including shear heating, the presence of melt, the development of a strong crystal preferred orientation, and the presence of water. The Josephine Peridotite of southwestern Oregon contains shear zones that provide an excellent opportunity to examine the initiation of shear localization. These shear zones are relatively small scale and low strain compared to many shear zones in peridotite massifs, which typically have extreme grain size reduction indicating extensive deformation. We use major, trace, and volatile element analyses of a large suite of harzburgites from the Fresno Bench shear zones to evaluate the mechanisms leading to shear localization. Lithological evidence and geochemical transects across three shear zones show a complex history of melting, melt addition, and melt‐rock interaction. The distribution of aluminum and heavy rare earth elements across the shear zones suggest that melt flow was focused in the centers of the studied shear zones. Water concentrations in orthopyroxene grains of 180–334 ppm H2O indicate a comparatively high degree of hydration for nominally anhydrous minerals. The correlation of water with aluminum and ytterbium in orthopyroxene is consistent with a melt source for this hydration, suggesting that water equilibrated between the melt and peridotite. The presence of melt and hydration of the host rock provide mechanisms for initial weakening that lead to localized deformation.
Evolution of the Josephine Peridotite Shear Zones: 2. Influences on Olivine CPO Evolution
Authors: Kumamoto Kathryn M. , Warren Jessica M. , Hansen Lars N.
Published: October 2019

Seismic anisotropy arises in the upper mantle due to the alignment of olivine crystal lattices and is often used to interpret mantle flow direction. Experiments on the evolution of olivine crystal‐preferred orientation (CPO) have found that the texture that develops is dependent on many factors, including water content, differential stress, preexisting CPO, and deformation kinematics. To evaluate the role of these factors in naturally deformed samples, we present microstructural transects across three shear zones in the Josephine Peridotite. Samples from these shear zones exhibit a mixture of A‐type textures, which have been associated with dry conditions and primary activation of the olivine [100](010) slip system, and of E‐type textures, which have been associated with wetter conditions and primary activation of the [100](001) slip system. CPOs with characteristics of both A‐type and E‐type textures are also present. CPO type does not evolve systematically as a function of either strain or water content. We used a micromechanical model to evaluate the roles of preexisting texture and kinematics on olivine CPO evolution. We find that the preexisting texture controls CPO evolution at strains up to 5 during simple shear. Kinematics involving a combination of simple shear and pure shear can explain the olivine CPOs at higher strain. Hence, preexisting CPOs and deformation kinematics should be considered in the interpretation of CPOs measured in naturally deformed rocks and of large‐scale patterns in upper‐mantle seismic anisotropy.
Ocean‐Wave‐Atmosphere Interaction Processes in a Fully Coupled Modeling System
Authors: Wu Lichuan , Breivik Øyvind , Rutgersson Anna
Published: October 2019

A high‐resolution coupled ocean‐wave‐atmosphere model (Uppsala University Coupled model, UU‐CM) of the Baltic Sea and the North Sea with improved representation of ocean‐wave‐atmosphere interaction processes is presented. In the UU‐CM model, the stress on the air‐sea interface is estimated as a balance of four stress terms, that is, the air‐side stress, ocean‐side stress, wave‐supported stress (absorption of momentum by the wave field), and the momentum flux from waves to currents (breaking waves). The vector differences between these four stress terms are considered in the coupled system. The turbulent kinetic energy flux induced by wave breaking, the Stokes‐Coriolis force and the Stokes drift material advection terms are added to the ocean circulation model component. Based on two‐month‐long (January and July) simulations, we find that the ocean‐wave‐atmosphere coupling has a significant influence on coastal areas. The coupled system captures the influence of surface currents and local systems such as coastal upwelling and their impact on the atmosphere. The wave‐current interaction enhances the upper ocean mixing and reduces the sea surface temperature in July significantly. However, the pattern of the wave‐current processes influences on the ocean current and waves are complex due to the stress differences in both magnitude and direction.
Precision medicine by designer interference peptides: applications in oncology and molecular therapeutics
Authors: Sorolla Anabel , Wang Edina , Golden Emily , Duffy Ciara , Henriques Sónia T. , Redfern Andrew D. , Blancafort Pilar
Published: October 2019

In molecular cancer therapeutics only 10% of known cancer gene products are targetable with current pharmacological agents. Major oncogenic drivers, such as MYC and KRAS proteins are frequently highly overexpressed or mutated in multiple human malignancies. However, despite their key role in oncogenesis, these proteins are hard to target with traditional small molecule drugs due to their large, featureless protein interfaces and lack of deep pockets. In addition, they are inaccessible to large biologicals, which are unable to cross cell membranes. Designer interference peptides (iPeps) represent emerging pharmacological agents created to block selective interactions between protein partners that are difficult to target with conventional small molecule chemicals or with large biologicals. iPeps have demonstrated successful inhibition of multiple oncogenic drivers with some now entering clinical settings. However, the clinical translation of iPeps has been hampered by certain intrinsic limitations including intracellular localization, targeting tissue specificity and pharmacological potency. Herein, we outline recent advances for the selective inhibition of major cancer oncoproteins via iPep approaches and discuss the development of multimodal peptides to overcome limitations of the first generations of iPeps. Since many protein–protein interfaces are cell-type specific, this approach opens the door to novel programmable, precision medicine tools in cancer research and treatment for selective manipulation and reprogramming of the cancer cell oncoproteome.
Bi-allelic variants in RNF170 are associated with hereditary spastic paraplegia
Authors: Wagner Matias , Osborn Daniel P. S. , Gehweiler Ina , Nagel Maike , Ulmer Ulrike , Bakhtiari Somayeh , Amouri Rim , Boostani Reza , Hentati Faycal , Hockley Maryam M. , Hölbling Benedikt , Schwarzmayr Thomas , Karimiani Ehsan Ghayoor , Kernstock Christoph , Maroofian Reza , Müller-Felber Wolfgang , Ozkan Ege , Padilla-Lopez Sergio , Reich Selina , Reichbauer Jennifer , Darvish Hossein , Shahmohammadibeni Neda , Tafakhori Abbas , Vill Katharina , Zuchner Stephan , Kruer Michael C. , Winkelmann Juliane , Jamshidi Yalda , Schüle Rebecca
Published: October 2019

Alterations of Ca2+ homeostasis have been implicated in a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases. Ca2+ efflux from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm is controlled by binding of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate to its receptor. Activated inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors are then rapidly degraded by the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway. Mutations in genes encoding the neuronal isoform of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (ITPR1) and genes involved in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor degradation (ERLIN1, ERLIN2) are known to cause hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and cerebellar ataxia. We provide evidence that mutations in the ubiquitin E3 ligase gene RNF170, which targets inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors for degradation, are the likely cause of autosomal recessive HSP in four unrelated families and functionally evaluate the consequences of mutations in patient fibroblasts, mutant SH-SY5Y cells and by gene knockdown in zebrafish. Our findings highlight inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate signaling as a candidate key pathway for hereditary spastic paraplegias and cerebellar ataxias and thus prioritize this pathway for therapeutic interventions.
Mapping the global design space of nanophotonic components using machine learning pattern recognition
Authors: Melati Daniele , Grinberg Yuri , Kamandar Dezfouli Mohsen , Janz Siegfried , Cheben Pavel , Schmid Jens H. , Sánchez-Postigo Alejandro , Xu Dan-Xia
Published: October 2019

Nanophotonics finds ever broadening applications requiring complex components with many parameters to be simultaneously designed. Recent methodologies employing optimization algorithms commonly focus on a single performance objective, provide isolated designs, and do not describe how the design parameters influence the device behaviour. Here we propose and demonstrate a machine-learning-based approach to map and characterize the multi-parameter design space of nanophotonic components. Pattern recognition is used to reveal the relationship between an initial sparse set of optimized designs through a significant reduction in the number of characterizing parameters. This defines a design sub-space of lower dimensionality that can be mapped faster by orders of magnitude than the original design space. The behavior for multiple performance criteria is visualized, revealing the interplay of the design parameters, highlighting performance and structural limitations, and inspiring new design ideas. This global perspective on high-dimensional design problems represents a major shift in modern nanophotonic design and provides a powerful tool to explore complexity in next-generation devices.
Enantiomeric glycosylated cationic block co-beta-peptides eradicate Staphylococcus aureus biofilms and antibiotic-tolerant persisters
Authors: Zhang Kaixi , Du Yu , Si Zhangyong , Liu Yang , Turvey Michelle E. , Raju Cheerlavancha , Keogh Damien , Ruan Lin , Jothy Subramanion L. , Reghu Sheethal , Marimuthu Kalisvar , De Partha Pratim , Ng Oon Tek , Mediavilla José R. , Kreiswirth Barry N. , Chi Yonggui Robin , Ren Jinghua , Tam Kam C. , Liu Xue-Wei , Duan Hongwei , Zhu Yabin , Mu Yuguang , Hammond Paula T. , Bazan Guillermo C. , Pethe Kevin , Chan-Park Mary B.
Published: October 2019

The treatment of bacterial infections is hindered by the presence of biofilms and metabolically inactive persisters. Here, we report the synthesis of an enantiomeric block co-beta-peptide, poly(amido-D-glucose)-block-poly(beta-L-lysine), with high yield and purity by one-shot one-pot anionic-ring opening (co)polymerization. The co-beta-peptide is bactericidal against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), including replicating, biofilm and persister bacterial cells, and also disperses biofilm biomass. It is active towards community-acquired and hospital-associated MRSA strains which are resistant to multiple drugs including vancomycin and daptomycin. Its antibacterial activity is superior to that of vancomycin in MRSA mouse and human ex vivo skin infection models, with no acute in vivo toxicity in repeated dosing in mice at above therapeutic levels. The copolymer displays bacteria-activated surfactant-like properties, resulting from contact with the bacterial envelope. Our results indicate that this class of non-toxic molecule, effective against different bacterial sub-populations, has promising potential for the treatment of S. aureus infections.
Photonic crystal for graphene plasmons
Authors: Xiong L. , Forsythe C. , Jung M. , McLeod A. S. , Sunku S. S. , Shao Y. M. , Ni G. X. , Sternbach A. J. , Liu S. , Edgar J. H. , Mele E. J. , Fogler M. M. , Shvets G. , Dean C. R. , Basov D. N.
Published: October 2019

Photonic crystals are commonly implemented in media with periodically varying optical properties. Photonic crystals enable exquisite control of light propagation in integrated optical circuits, and also emulate advanced physical concepts. However, common photonic crystals are unfit for in-operando on/off controls. We overcome this limitation and demonstrate a broadly tunable two-dimensional photonic crystal for surface plasmon polaritons. Our platform consists of a continuous graphene monolayer integrated in a back-gated platform with nano-structured gate insulators. Infrared nano-imaging reveals the formation of a photonic bandgap and strong modulation of the local plasmonic density of states that can be turned on/off or gradually tuned by the applied gate voltage. We also implement an artificial domain wall which supports highly confined one-dimensional plasmonic modes. Our electrostatically-tunable photonic crystals are derived from standard metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor technology and pave a way for practical on-chip light manipulation.
Archaeometallurgical investigation of ancient artefacts’ degradation phenomenon
Authors: Dwivedi Deepak , Mata Jitendra P.
Published: October 2019

Archaeomaterials suffer from various degradation such as atmospheric corrosion, under-deposit corrosion and underwater corrosion etc.; however, the extent of degradation depends on the composition of materials, environment, manufacturing process and post-processing technology such as surface treatment like carburization etc. The corrosion (degradation) phenomenon of ferrous artefacts is very complex and has received significant attention for understanding the ancient metal technology and for designing the conservation pathway of historical artefacts. This review highlights the mechanism of degradation under different environments and also paves a path for the future studies by using different analytical techniques to advance the existing knowledge.
The Alteration Mechanism of Copper-bearing Biotite and Leachable Property of Copper-bearing Minerals in Mulyashy Copper Mine, Zambia
Authors: Wang Gai-rong , Yang Hong-ying , Liu Yuan-yuan , Tong Lin-lin , Auwalu Ali
Published: October 2019

The XRF, XRD, polarizing microscopy and SEM-EDS were used to study the alteration mechanism of copper-bearing biotite and the leachable property of copper-bearing minerals in Mulyashy Copper Mine, Zambia. It was found that biotite can be divided into copper-bearing biotite and copper-free biotite. Some copper-bearing biotite existed in the form of monomer, and others aggregated with copper-bearing chlorite, malachite or copper-bearing limonite. The main reason for the occurrence of biotite aggregations was that copper-bearing biotite underwent two kinds of alteration mechanisms as follows: altering into copper-bearing chlorite and malachite, and altering into copper-bearing chlorite and copper-bearing limonite. The order of factors effecting the copper leaching rate of the ores in acid leaching experiments was temperature > sample size > H2SO4 concentration > leaching time > stirring speed. In addition, the copper leaching rate of copper-bearing minerals at different temperatures was in the following order: malachite, chrysocolla and pseudomalachite > copper-bearing chlorite > copper-bearing muscovite > copper-bearing biotite > copper-bearing limonite. The leachable property of biotite is closely related to its special structure.
Binding site plasticity in viral PPxY Late domain recognition by the third WW domain of human NEDD4
Authors: Iglesias-Bexiga Manuel , Palencia Andrés , Corbi-Verge Carles , Martin-Malpartida Pau , Blanco Francisco J. , Macias Maria J. , Cobos Eva S. , Luque Irene
Published: October 2019

The recognition of PPxY viral Late domains by the third WW domain of the HECT-E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 (hNEDD4-WW3) is essential for the completion of the budding process of numerous enveloped viruses, including Ebola, Marburg, HTLV1 or Rabies. hNEDD4-WW3 has been validated as a promising target for the development of novel host-oriented broad spectrum antivirals. Nonetheless, finding inhibitors with good properties as therapeutic agents remains a challenge since the key determinants of binding affinity and specificity are still poorly understood. We present here a detailed structural and thermodynamic study of the interactions of hNEDD4-WW3 with viral Late domains combining isothermal titration calorimetry, NMR structural determination and molecular dynamics simulations. Structural and energetic differences in Late domain recognition reveal a highly plastic hNEDD4-WW3 binding site that can accommodate PPxY-containing ligands with varying orientations. These orientations are mostly determined by specific conformations adopted by residues I859 and T866. Our results suggest a conformational selection mechanism, extensive to other WW domains, and highlight the functional relevance of hNEDD4-WW3 domain conformational flexibility at the binding interface, which emerges as a key element to consider in the search for potent and selective inhibitors of therapeutic interest.
Ole e 15 and its human counterpart -PPIA- chimeras reveal an heterogeneous IgE response in olive pollen allergic patients
Authors: San Segundo-Acosta Pablo , Oeo-Santos Carmen , Navas Ana , Jurado Aurora , Villalba Mayte , Barderas Rodrigo
Published: October 2019

Olive pollen is a major cause of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy in Mediterranean countries. It is expected to become a worldwide leading allergenic source because olive cultivation is increasing in many countries. Ole e 15 belongs to the cyclophilin pan-allergen family, which includes highly cross-reactive allergens from non-related plant, animal and mold species. Here, the amino acid differences between Ole e 15 and its weak cross-reactive human homolog PPIA were grafted onto Ole e 15 to assess the contribution of specific surface areas to the IgE-binding. Eight Ole e 15-PPIA chimeras were produced in E. coli, purified and tested with 20 sera from Ole e 15-sensitized patients with olive pollen allergy by ELISA experiments. The contribution of linear epitopes was analyzed using twelve overlapping peptides spanning the entire Ole e 15 sequence. All the patients displayed a diverse reduction of the IgE-reactivity to the chimeras, revealing a highly polyclonal and patient-specific response to Ole e 15. IgE-epitopes are distributed across the entire Ole e 15 surface. Two main surface areas containing relevant conformational epitopes have been characterized. This is the first study to identify important IgE-binding regions on the surface of an allergenic cyclophilin.
Ageing deformation of tailings dams in seasonally frozen soil areas under freeze-thaw cycles
Authors: Jin Jiaxu , Li Shiwang , Song Chenguang , Zhang Xinlei , Lv Xiangfeng
Published: October 2019

The freeze-thaw cycle is one of the important factors in inducing a dam-break in the permafrost region, so it is of great practical significance to study the mechanism of the failure deformation of tailings dams under freeze-thaw cycles. In this paper, the water-heat-force coupling model of a tailings dam considering frost-thaw damage is established, and the freeze-thaw cyclic ageing deformation of a tailings dam in a seasonally frozen soil area is studied. The correctness of the model is validated by numerical calculation. The research shows under the same water content, the compressive strength and modulus of deformation decrease with an increase in the number of freeze-thaw cycles, the cohesion and internal friction angle decrease, and the amplitude gradually decreases before becoming stable. In the process of cooling, the pore water pressure first increases and then decreases, and the pore water pressure first decreases and then increases during the heating process. The research results can provide a theoretical basis and reference values for the stability analysis of tailings dams in seasonally frozen soil areas.
Electrocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to formic acid over nanosized Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compounds with a SnO2 shell layer
Authors: Gunji Takao , Ochiai Hiroya , Isawa Yu , Liu Yubin , Nomura Fumihiro , Miyauchi Masahiro , Matsumoto Futoshi
Published: October 2019

FE towards formation of formic acid over Cu6Sn5 core–Sn oxide shell structure was higher than that of Sn plate and Sn NP/CB. We believe that the key factor affecting the high selectivity is a compressive strain of surface.
In situ UV-Raman spectroscopy of the coking-caused deactivation mechanism over an Mo/HMCM-22 catalyst in methane dehydroaromatization
Authors: Jiao Xi , Huang Xin , Wang Kai
Published: October 2019

Mo speciation and coking progress over the Mo/HMCM-22 catalysts were investigated via in situ UV-Raman spectroscopy in both MDA process and catalyst regeneration by O2.
The purification, identification and bioactivity study of a novel calcium-binding peptide from casein hydrolysate
Authors: Liao Wanwen , Liu Shuojun , Liu Xiaorong , Duan Shan , Xiao Suyao , Yang Zhennai , Cao Yong , Miao Jianyin
Published: October 2019

In this study, a novel calcium-binding peptide from casein hydrolysate was purified using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and sequenced by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS.
Depolymerized RG-I-enriched pectin from citrus segment membranes modulates gut microbiota, increases SCFA production, and promotes the growth ofBifidobacteriumspp.,Lactobacillusspp. andFaecalibaculumspp.
Authors: Mao Guizhu , Li Shan , Orfila Caroline , Shen Xuemin , Zhou Shengyi , Linhardt Robert J. , Ye Xingqian , Chen Shiguo
Published: October 2019

Rhamnogalacturonan-I-enriched pectin (WRP) was recovered from citrus segment membrane. WRP can stimulate the growth of beneficial microbiome. In addition, the effect was enhanced by free-radical depolymerizing of WRP into DWRP.
Protective effects of hydroalcoholic extracts from an ancient apple variety ‘Mela Rosa dei Monti Sibillini’ against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Yousefi-Manesh Hasan , Hemmati Sara , Shirooie Samira , Nabavi Seyed Mohammad , Talebzadeh Bonakdar Azita , Fayaznia Reza , Asgardoon Mohammad Hossein , Zare Dehnavi Ali , Ghafouri Mohammad , Nkuimi Wandjou Joice G. , Caprioli Giovanni , Sut Stefania , Maggi Filippo , Dall'Acqua Stefano
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extracts from the peel and pulp of a traditional apple variety of central Italy on the damage caused by renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.
The construction of enzymolyzed α-lactalbumin based micellar nanoassemblies for encapsulating various kinds of hydrophobic bioactive compounds
Authors: Hu Yulin , Bao Cheng , Li Dan , You Lingxin , Du Yizheng , Liu Bin , Li Xin , Ren Fazheng , Li Yuan
Published: October 2019

Protein-based nanoassemblies can encapsulate hydrophobic compounds into their hydrophobic region and effectively improve their aqueous solubility and stability.
Proton irradiation of graphene: insights from atomistic modeling
Authors: Shi Tan , Peng Qing , Bai Zhitong , Gao Fei , Jovanovic Igor
Published: October 2019

Ab initio and classical molecular dynamics approaches are compared for simulating structures, sizes and occurrence probabilities of proton-induced defects in graphene.
A nanofabricated plasmonic core–shell-nanoparticle library
Authors: Susarrey-Arce Arturo , Czajkowski Krzysztof M. , Darmadi Iwan , Nilsson Sara , Tanyeli Irem , Alekseeva Svetlana , Antosiewicz Tomasz J. , Langhammer Christoph
Published: October 2019

Lithographic method of making nanoarchitectures composed of metal core and oxide/nitride shell decorated with nanoparticles with widely different materials.
Functionalization-induced self-assembly under ambient conditions via thiol-epoxide “click” chemistry
Authors: Howe David H. , Jenewein Ken J. , Hart James L. , Taheri Mitra L. , Magenau Andrew J. D.
Published: October 2019

Polymer micelles were formed using thiol-epoxide “click” chemistry to trigger functionalization-induced self-assembly (FISA) of block copolymers by modifying a reactive glycidyl methacrylate block with solvophobes.
Triazine-functionalized covalent benzoxazine framework for direct synthesis of N-doped microporous carbon
Authors: Abuzeid Hesham R. , EL-Mahdy Ahmed F. M. , Ahmed Mahmoud M. M. , Kuo Shiao-Wei
Published: October 2019

A covalent benzoxazine framework was synthesized and underwent thermal curing, carbonization and KOH activation providing the nitrogen-doped microporous carbon.
A novel bio-based AB2monomer for preparing hyperbranched polyamides derived from levulinic acid and furfurylamine
Authors: Yang Meng-Ling , Wu Yue-Xiao , Liu Yun , Qiu Jin-Jun , Liu Cheng-Mei
Published: October 2019

A new AB2type bio-based monomer (FDA-E) with two amino functional groups and one ester functional group was prepared from renewable levulinic acid and furfurylamine using a three-step reaction.
Phenothiazine derivatives as photoredox catalysts for cationic and radical photosensitive resins for 3D printing technology and photocomposite synthesis
Authors: Abdallah Mira , Bui Thanh-Tuân , Goubard Fabrice , Theodosopoulou Dimitra , Dumur Frédéric , Hijazi Akram , Fouassier Jean-Pierre , Lalevée Jacques
Published: October 2019

New phenothiazine derivatives are synthesized and proposed as high performance visible light photoinitiators.
Encapsulation and controlled release characteristics of ethylene gas in cucurbit[n]urils
Authors: Shi Linfan , Wang Wenyi , Fu Xiong , Yuan Yang , Zhang Bin , Huang Qiang
Published: October 2019

Ethylene was introduced into cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]s,n= 5–7) by molecular encapsulation, for comparison with V-type crystalline starch (V-starch) and α-cyclodextrin (α-CD).
RNA imaging in living mice enabled by anin vivohybridization chain reaction circuit with a tripartite DNA probe
Authors: Wu Han , Chen Ting-Ting , Wang Xiang-Nan , Ke Yonggang , Jiang Jian-Hui
Published: October 2019

Using anin vivohybridization chain reaction with a tripartite DNA probe to image RNA in living mice may open the door for intracellular RNA imaging in living mammalian animals, implying its potential for tumor biology studies and theranostics.
Correction: Probing the organization and dynamics of two DNA chains trapped in a nanofluidic cavity
Authors: Capaldi Xavier , Liu Zezhou , Zhang Yuning , Zeng Lili , Reyes-Lamothe Rodrigo , Reisner Walter
Published: October 2019

Correction for ‘Probing the organization and dynamics of two DNA chains trapped in a nanofluidic cavity’ by Xavier Capaldi et al., Soft Matter, 2018, 14, 8455–8465.
Intelligence artificielle : le futur de l’Orthodontie ?
Authors: Foucart Jean-Michel , Chavanne Augustin , Bourriau Jérôme
Published: October 2019

Nombreux sont les apports envisagés de l’Intelligence Artificielle (IA) en médecine. En orthodontie, plusieurs solutions automatisées sont disponibles depuis quelques années en imagerie par rayons X (analyse céphalométrique automatisée, analyse automatisée des voies aériennes) ou depuis quelques mois (analyse automatique des modèles numériques, set-up automatisé; CS Model +, Carestream Dental™).

L’objectif de cette étude, en deux parties, est d’évaluer la fiabilité de l’analyse automatisée des modèles tant au niveau de leur numérisation que de leur segmentation.

La comparaison des résultats d’analyse des modèles obtenus automatiquement et par l’intermédiaire de plusieurs orthodontistes démontre la fiabilité de l’analyse automatique; l’erreur de mesure oscillant, in fine, entre 0,08 et 1,04 mm, ce qui est non significatif et comparable avec les erreurs de mesures inter-observateurs rapportées dans la littérature.

Ces résultats ouvrent ainsi de nouvelles perspectives quand à l’apport de l’IA en Orthodontie qui, basée sur le deep learning et le big data, devrait permettre, à moyen terme, d’évoluer vers une orthodontie plus préventive et plus prédictive.
Berufskrankheiten in der Hausarztpraxis
Authors: Fuchs Stephan , Janssen Jörg
Published: October 2019

This article shows an overview of occupational diseases. You can find a lot of these diseases in family practice. For treatment of occupational diseases specialists can be consulted. It is a big challenge to detect diseases caused by work influence. This is what you should do: inquire specifically about newly diagnosed illness after work. Ask about the current occupation and previous occupational activities. Already report the suspicion of an occupational disease to the competent authority. For every occupational disease, there is a leaflet with scientific basics, explanation of occupational stress and its impact on the body. Remedies and aids may not be prescribed by family doctors at the expense of the statutory health insurance.
Neuroendokrine Tumoren im Gastrointestinaltrakt
Authors: Breitling Lutz Philipp , Rinke Anja , Gress Thomas Mathias
Published: October 2019

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are increasingly diagnosed tumors with great clinical and prognostic heterogeneity. One of the peculiarities of NEN is the presence of a clinical hormone syndrome in about 30 % of cases. Somatostatin receptor imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis of spreading and in the planning of therapy. NEN patients should be co-supervised by specialized centers and if possible treated as part of studies. In the case of NEN with no or only circumscribed metastases, complete resection in curative intention is generally the highest therapeutic goal. Small neuroendocrine tumors (NET) G1 of the stomach, duodenum and rectum can be curatively endoscopically resected. In the case of a metastatic, non-curative disease, an antiproliferative therapy with the aim of growth control takes place. In patients with functionally active tumors, an antisecretory or symptomatic therapy is used to control the hormone syndrome. The treatment of metastatic NET is often multimodal and must be established by an experienced interdisciplinary team. The prognosis of NEN is mainly determined by the stage at the time of diagnosis, tumor differentiation, grading and localization of the primary tumor.
The Phenomenon of the Apparent (Double) Femoral Head in Infant Hip Sonography According to Graf-Description, Incidence and Clinical Relevance
Authors: Struwe Charlotte , Bornemann Rahel , Walter Sebastian Gottfried , Koob Sebastian , Placzek Richard
Published: October 2019

Purpose Hip screening sonography according to Graf in rare cases yields the appearance of a double femoral head, aptly named the Double-Head-Sign. The goal of this retrospective study is to offer a definition of this rare sign, evaluate its incidence of occurrence and compare the sonographic findings with the clinical findings.

Materials and Methods This Double-Head-Sign is caused by the overlap of the trochanter major with the actual head of the femur in cases of coxa vara. This was observed in 13 of 2800 neonates we screened as part of our sonographical neonatal hip screening.

Results 13 neonates presented themselves with ultrasound findings in accordance with our description, yielding an incidence of 0,46% in our patient cohort. In correlation, these neonates also exhibited increased external and decreased internal rotation of the hip. Two had an underlying condition (achondroplasia).

Conclusion In these rare cases, clinical examination of hip rotation in 90° hip flexion has proved helpful and further interdisciplinary examination of such infants to distinguish a possible underlying primary condition is recommended
Kieferschmerzen beurteilen – Strukturierte Untersuchung bei CMD
Authors: Bartrow Kay
Published: October 2019

Eine kraniomandibuläre Dysfunktion äußert sich oftmals nicht nur durch Kieferschmerzen, sondern auch in Symptomen im Augen-, Ohren- oder Mundbereich. Umso wichtiger ist daher eine strukturierte Diagnostik. Im Artikel und in einem Webinar erklärt Kieferexperte Kay Bartrow, wie Therapeuten im Befund vorgehen.
Poplitealarterien-Entrapment-Syndrom: 3 untypische Fälle mit 3 verschiedenen Diagnosewegen
Authors: Siegl Gregor , Cohnert Tina , Brodmann Marianne , Aschauer Manuela , Oswald Wolfgang , Tiesenhausen Kurt
Published: October 2019

Einleitung Das Poplitealarterien-Entrapment-Syndrom (PAES) beschreibt einen pathologischen Zustand, bei dem sich durch anatomische Anomalien der Lagebeziehung zwischen zumeist muskulären Weichteilstrukturen des Caput mediale des M. gastrocnemius (CMMG) und der A. poplitea (AP) eine mechanische Kompression und eine daraus folgende Schädigung der Gefäße bis zum Verschluss ergibt.

Patienten In den Jahren 2012 bis 2018 wurden 3 männliche Patienten im Alter zwischen 17 und 48 Jahren wegen eines PAES an unserer Abteilung operiert. Der 1. Patient wurde bereits 2003 mit 23 Jahren einer femoropoplitealen Bypassoperation bei der Diagnose „PAVK II b posttraumatisch“ unterzogen. Nach mehrmaliger Revision fiel 2012 schließlich intraoperativ ein starker, nach lateral ziehender, die Gefäße einengender Sehnenzügel des CMMG auf. Nach Durchtrennung des Sehnenzügels wurde die aneurysmatische Bypassvene ersetzt. Der 2. Patient wurde 2014 mit der Diagnose „PAVK II b bei thrombosiertem Poplitealaneurysma“ nach intraarterieller Lyse mit wandhaftenden Restthromben vorstellig. Intraoperativ zeigte sich proximal des Aneurysmas ein zum CMMG ziehender Sehnenzug, welcher die AP einengte. Beim 3. Patienten trat 2018 eine Fußsohlen- und Wadenclaudicatio rechts mit abgeblasstem und pulslosem Unterschenkel auf. Bildgebend zeigte sich ein Verschluss der Poplitealarterien beidseits. Nach intraarterieller Lyse zeigte die HRMR-Untersuchung des Knies einen atypischen Verlauf der AP von medial das CMMG ventral kreuzend. Die operative Sanierung wurde durch Myotomie und Refixation des Muskels in physiologischer Position vorgenommen. Alle Patienten erhielten eine individuelle medikamentöse Re-Thromboseprophylaxe. Von der Operation der Gegenseite bei simultan bestehendem PAES wurde bei mangelndem Therapiewunsch der Patienten abgesehen.

Schlussfolgerung Das PAES ist selten und wird i. d. R. mit jungen, sportlich aktiven, meist männlichen Patienten mit ausgeprägter Unterschenkelmuskulatur in Verbindung gebracht. Eine späte Diagnose des PAES kann, wie der 1. Fall zeigt, zu schweren Gefäßschäden, unnötigen Rezidiveingriffen und über Jahre protrahiertem Krankheitsverlauf führen. Bei jungen Patienten mit Wadenclaudicatio sollte daher stets auch unabhängig von der körperlichen Konstitution die Differenzialdiagnose PAES erwogen werden.
Therapie primärer Aneurysmen der Extremitätenarterien
Authors: Jung Georg , Leinweber Maria-Elisabeth , Gray Daphne , Derwich Wojciech , Harth Marc , Schmitz-Rixen Thomas
Published: October 2019

Periphere arterielle Aneurysmen sind seltene Gefäßerkrankungen, bei denen das betroffene Gefäßsegment auf mindestens das 1,5-Fache des nativen Gefäßdurchmessers dilatiert ist. Grundsätzlich können primäre Aneurysmen an sämtlichen Gefäßen auftreten. Die diagnostischen Verfahren umfassen neben der Duplexsonografie die CT- und MR-Angiografie sowie die digitale Subtraktionsangiografie. Von essenzieller Bedeutung ist es, im Rahmen der Diagnostik die Morphologie des Aneurysmas und die Zu- und Abstromverhältnisse möglichst exakt abzubilden. Die häufigste Entität peripherer Aneurysmen sind Poplitealarterienaneurysmen, die eine hohe Koinzidenz mit Aortenaneurysmen haben. Im Rahmen von Bindegewebserkrankungen oder Autoimmunerkrankungen können periphere arterielle Aneurysmen gehäuft auftreten (Ehlers-Danlos-Syndrom, Marfan-Syndrom, Morbus Behçet). Therapeutisch stehen als aktueller Therapiestandard offen chirurgische Verfahren zur Verfügung, aber auch endovaskuläre Therapieansätze sind beschrieben. Aktuell bietet die Literatur aufgrund der Seltenheit der Erkrankungen keine gute Evidenz zum Vergleich beider Verfahren. Für das Poplitealarterienaneurysma zeichnet sich aufgrund von mehreren Registerstudien und Singlecenterstudien ab, dass bei strenger Patientenselektion die endovaskuläre Therapie ein vergleichbares Outcome zur offenen Therapie bieten kann, wenngleich offene Chirurgie therapeutischer Standard bleibt. Für die Therapieplanung arterieller Aneurysmen an den Extremitäten müssen insbesondere individuelle Behandlungskriterien wie die Morphologie des Aneurysmas, die anatomische Lokalisation, besonders in Bezug auf bewegliche Segmente, der Gefäßabstrom und der Allgemeinzustand des Patienten berücksichtigt werden.