bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing predictions among competing risks models with rare events: application to KNOW-CKD study—a multicentre cohort study of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Kim Jayoun , Lee Soohyeon , Kim Ji Hye , Im Dha Woon , Lee Donghwan , Oh Kook-Hwan
Published: August 2023

A prognostic model to determine an association between survival outcomes and clinical risk factors, such as the Cox model, has been developed over the past decades in the medical field. Although the data size containing subjects’ information gradually increases, the number of events is often relatively low as medical technology develops. Accordingly, poor discrimination and low predicted ability may occur between low- and high-risk groups. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the predicted probabilities with three existing competing risks models in variation with censoring rates. Three methods were illustrated and compared in a longitudinal study of a nationwide prospective cohort of patients with chronic kidney disease in Korea. The prediction accuracy and discrimination ability of the three methods were compared in terms of the Concordance index (C-index), Integrated Brier Score (IBS), and Calibration slope. In addition, we find that these methods have different performances when the effects are linear or nonlinear under various censoring rates.
Salt mixtures in stone weathering
Authors: Godts Sebastiaan , Orr Scott Allan , Steiger Michael , Stahlbuhk Amelie , De Kock Tim , Desarnaud Julie , De Clercq Hilde , Cnudde Veerle
Published: August 2023

Salt related weathering of stones has been attributed to pressures exerted by repeated cycles of crystallization within pores. Relative Humidity (RH) is a key driver for dissolution and crystallization processes. Despite the prevalence of salt mixtures in natural environments, most experimental work has focused on single salts. Thus, the identification of salt mixture composition and their behavior is necessary to understand weathering. Thermodynamic calculations are used to analyze several thousand realistic salt mixtures found in weathered stone. We identify two common mixture types and their behavior. From at least 85 salt species theoretically present, 14 common salts are identified that occur most frequently and their critical RH points are discussed. These findings have wide-reaching implications for understanding salt weathering processes and informing the design of experimental stone weathering research.
Prioritizing non-communicable diseases in the post-pandemic era based on a comprehensive analysis of the GBD 2019 from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Shu Jianhao , Jin Weifeng
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to assess the burden of communicable diseases (CDs) and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2019, and propose global strategies to transform the public health policy. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019, we analyzed CDs and NCDs across various factors such as sex, age, year, and location, and evaluate the temporal trends of these diseases with joinpoint analysis. We also examined the differences between regions based on their socio-demographic index (SDI). In 2019, there were 7,862,907 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 7,183,475 to 8,654,104) deaths from CDs and 42,034,124 (40,081,323 to 43,942,475) deaths from NCDs recorded worldwide. The low SDI region had markedly high age-standardized death and DALY rates of CDs. Although the age-standardized incidence rate of CDs has decreased in about half of the regions since 1990, NCDs have been on the rise in most regions. Over the past 30 years, the global burden of CDs has decreased significantly, while the burden of NCDs has aggrandized to an extent. In the post-pandemic era, effective interventions and cooperation among countries should be promoted to allocate medical resources more reasonably and improve healthcare for NCD patients.
Infant movement classification through pressure distribution analysis
Authors: Kulvicius Tomas , Zhang Dajie , Nielsen-Saines Karin , Bölte Sven , Kraft Marc , Einspieler Christa , Poustka Luise , Wörgötter Florentin , Marschik Peter B.
Published: August 2023

Background

Aiming at objective early detection of neuromotor disorders such as cerebral palsy, we propose an innovative non-intrusive approach using a pressure sensing device to classify infant general movements. Here we differentiate typical general movement patterns of the “fidgety period” (fidgety movements) vs. the “pre-fidgety period” (writhing movements).

Methods

Participants (N = 45) were sampled from a typically-developing infant cohort. Multi-modal sensor data, including pressure data from a pressure sensing mat with 1024 sensors, were prospectively recorded for each infant in seven succeeding laboratory sessions in biweekly intervals from 4 to 16 weeks of post-term age. 1776 pressure data snippets, each 5 s long, from the two targeted age periods were taken for movement classification. Each snippet was pre-annotated based on corresponding synchronised video data by human assessors as either fidgety present or absent. Multiple neural network architectures were tested to distinguish the fidgety present vs. fidgety absent classes, including support vector machines, feed-forward networks, convolutional neural networks, and long short-term memory networks.

Results

Here we show that the convolution neural network achieved the highest average classification accuracy (81.4%). By comparing the pros and cons of other methods aiming at automated general movement assessment to the pressure sensing approach, we infer that the proposed approach has a high potential for clinical applications.

Conclusions

We conclude that the pressure sensing approach has great potential for efficient large-scale motion data acquisition and sharing. This will in return enable improvement of the approach that may prove scalable for daily clinical application for evaluating infant neuromotor functions.
Designing diverse coordination modes for the covalent attachment of Wells–Dawson type polyoxometalate onto porphyrins
Authors: Asif Hafiz Muhammad , Ashfaq Hafiza Fareeha , Zhou Yunshan , Zhang Lijuan , Iqbal Arshad , Hu Xin , Shehzad Farooq Khurum
Published: August 2023

Five covalently bonded polyoxometalate-porphyrin hybrids were synthesized by reacting the Wells–Dawson type P2W15V3O629− with five tris-functionalized porphyrins containing different numbers of tris groups at different peripheral positions.
Boosting photocatalytic CO2 conversion using strongly bonded Cu/reduced Nb2O5 nanosheets
Authors: Pawar Rajendra C. , Chengula Plassidius J. , Khan Haritham , Charles Hazina , Lee Caroline S.
Published: August 2023

Quantity of energy products generated during photocatalytic CO2 reduction for Nb2O5, reduced Nb2O5, and 2wt% Cu/reduced Nb2O5 samples, as well as their photocatalytic mechanisms.
Synergetic spin singlet–quintet switching and luminescence in mononuclear Fe(ii) 1,3,4-oxadiazole tetradentate chelates with NCBH3 co-ligand
Authors: Sundaresan Sriram , Becker Jens-Georg , Eppelsheimer Julian , Sedykh Alexander E. , Carrella Luca M. , Müller-Buschbaum Klaus , Rentschler Eva
Published: August 2023

First mononuclear 1,3,4-oxadiazole based multifunctional Fe(ii) complex (C1) and its Zn(ii) analogue (C2) are reported. C1 shows SCO both in solid state and in solution at 207 K and 357 K respectively. Its SCO-luminescence interplay is investigated.
Tricaprylin, a medium-chain triglyceride, aggravates high-fat diet-induced fat deposition but improves intestinal health
Authors: Li Rui , He Zhaozhao , Yan Wenyong , Yu He , Yi Xudong , Sha Yiwen , Zhang Qiming , Cai Rui , Pang Weijun
Published: August 2023

Medium-chain triglyceride tricaprylin does not reduce fat deposition but is beneficial for intestinal health in high-fat diet-fed mice.
Design, synthesis, electrochemistry and anti-trypanosomatid hit/lead identification of nitrofuranylazines
Authors: Saayman Maryna , Kannigadu Christina , Aucamp Janine , Janse van Rensburg Helena D. , Joseph Cassiem , Swarts Andrew J. , N'Da David D.
Published: August 2023

Newly synthesised nitrofuranylazines were screened for antitrypanosomatid activity – 4a and 7a were identified as antileishmanial early leads while 9a was uncovered as antitrypanosomal hit.
Plant exosome nanovesicles (PENs): green delivery platforms
Authors: Cao Min , Diao Ningning , Cai Xiaolu , Chen Xing , Xiao Yi , Guo Chunjing , Chen Daquan , Zhang Xingcai
Published: August 2023

Structure of plant-derived vesicles and their bioactive applications. Created with BioRender.com
Integrated proteomic and metabolomic analysis of plasma reveals regulatory pathways and key elements in thyroid cancer
Authors: Sun Zijian , Feng Dongdong , Jiang Liehao , Tian Jingkui , Wang Jiafeng , Zhu Wei
Published: August 2023

A multi-omics panel was developed to distinguish between thyroid cancer and benign thyroid nodules.
DMSO-promoted direct δ-selective arylation of p-quinone methenylpiperidine bearinides to generate fuchsones under metal-free conditions by employing p-QMs themselves or substituted phenols as aryl sources
Authors: Wang Kunpeng , Li Jingping , Zhang Haoxiang , Chen Yan , Li Mengfan , Xu Junju , Liao Benren , Yi Weiyin
Published: August 2023

Two DMSO-promoted protocols for direct δ-selective arylation synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical fuchsones from p-QMs under metal-free conditions were described.
An efficient, catalyst-free and aqueous ethanol-mediated synthesis of 5-((2-aminothiazol-5-yl)(phenyl)methyl)-6-hydroxypyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione derivatives and their antioxidant activity
Authors: Patel Paras J. , Patel Subham G. , Upadhyay Dipti B. , Ravi Logeswari , Dhanasekaran Anuradha , Patel Hitendra M.
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to develop the multicomponent synthesis of 5-((2-aminothiazol-5-yl)(phenyl)methyl)-6-hydroxypyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione derivatives via a catalyst-free approach and their biological assay.
Improving the molecular spin qubit performance in zirconium MOF composites by mechanochemical dilution and fullerene encapsulation
Authors: Vujević Lucija , Karadeniz Bahar , Cindro Nikola , Krajnc Andraž , Mali Gregor , Mazaj Matjaž , Avdoshenko Stanislav M. , Popov Alexey A. , Žilić Dijana , Užarević Krunoslav , Kveder Marina
Published: August 2023

Mechanochemical encapsulation of C60 fullerene leads to a change in selectivity in the topology outcome and a significant increase in coherence among spin-active centers embedded in a moderately porous zirconium PCN-223 porphyrinic framework.
Dynamic self-assembly of supramolecular catalysts from precision macromolecules
Authors: Qin Qian , Li Jie , Dellemme David , Fossépré Mathieu , Barozzino-Consiglio Gabriella , Nekkaa Imane , Boborodea Adrian , Fernandes Antony E. , Glinel Karine , Surin Mathieu , Jonas Alain M.
Published: August 2023

Synthetic precision oligomers with complementary sticky ends and functional catalytic groups form dynamic constitutional libraries comprising cyclic di(oligomer)s which prove much more efficient for catalysis than other components of the library.
Transport limitations in polyolefin cracking at the single catalyst particle level
Authors: Rejman Sebastian , Vollmer Ina , Werny Maximilian J. , Vogt Eelco T. C. , Meirer Florian , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: August 2023

Catalytic cracking could enable low temperature conversion of hard-to recycle polyolefin plastics. However, traditional cracking catalysts suffer from macro and microscopic mass transport limitations, which call for plastic pre-treatment.
Spanish Bilingual Morphosyntactic Development in Bilingual Children With and Without Developmental Language Disorder: Articles, Clitics, Verbs, and the Subjunctive Mood
Authors: Castilla-Earls Anny , Ronderos Juliana , Fitton Lisa
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to examine the growth of previously established clinical markers of developmental language disorder (DLD) in Spanish-speaking bilingual children with and without DLD.

Method:

Forty-three bilingual children with DLD and 57 typically developing children were tested 3 times over a 2-year period. Their average age at Time 1 was 5;10 (years;months). All children completed an elicitation task examining the production of articles, clitics, verbs, and the subjunctive mood in Spanish at each time point, in addition to other behavioral testing in Spanish and English. We used growth curve analysis to examine change patterns of the morphosyntactic structures over time.

Results:

At the onset of the study, children without DLD produced higher accuracy rates than children with DLD across all morphosyntactic structures. In addition, there was a positive effect of time on all structures. Furthermore, the interaction between time and DLD was statistically significant for clitic pronouns.

Conclusion:

In agreement with previous literature on language growth in monolingual children with DLD, bilingual children with DLD showed language growth that was parallel to that of bilingual children without DLD but with significantly lower levels of attainment.

Supplemental Material and Presentation Video:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23810820
A fast and robust DOBC based frequency and voltage regulation scheme for future power systems with high renewable penetration
Authors: Grover Himanshu , Verma Ashu , Bhatti T S
Published: August 2023

This paper proposes a disturbance‐observer‐based control (DOBC) scheme for frequency and voltage regulation in modern power systems with high renewable energy sources (RES) penetration. The proposed approach acts as a feed‐forward control that improves the dynamic performance of the conventional proportional‐integral‐derivative controller. The proposed voltage and frequency control has been validated through hardware‐in‐loop implementation on OPAL‐RT, and testing on laboratory‐scale experimental test setup. The robustness of the proposed control scheme has been validated through simulations under worst‐case and stochastic uncertainties to mitigate real‐time variability in RES output and load. Real‐time simulation results depict superior performance of the proposed control strategy in comparison to several well‐established techniques under practical operating conditions, in the presence of communication delay and white noise. To validate the proposed control on laboratory‐scale experimental setup, the digital twin of the physical plant transfer function has been designed. Results reveal that the proposed DOBC control scheme drastically improves the system performance without rendering much computational burden under practical operation scenarios.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass in the Sickle Cell Anemia Patient using Profound Hypothermia and Circulatory Arrest: A Case Report
Authors: Longnecker Virginia W. , Hartley Mary B. , Dingmann F. Margaret , Jamieson Stuart W. , Kriett Jolene , Kapelanski David
Published: August 2023

A homozygous sickle cell anemia patient undergoing a pulmonary thromboendarterectomy required the use of profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest. Reports of sickling crises have been documented under conditions of hypoxemia, acidosis, hypothermia, hypovolemia, and blood trauma. This patient's management included preoperative and intraoperative exchange transfusion, increased blood flow rates and optimizing blood gas values to prevent the sickling environment.

The pulmonary thromboendarterectomy surgery was successful in reducing pulmonary hypertension in this sickle cell patient. Using these techniques, no adverse sickling effects resulted from the profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest.
Veno-Arterial Modified Ultrafiltration in Children after Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Buchholz Bryan J. , Bert Arthur A. , Price David R. , Hopkins Richard A. , Stearns Gary T.
Published: August 2023

A method of performing veno-arterial modified ultrafiltration is described that utilizes conventional blood flow through the aortic and venous cannulae. A dual-pump blood cardioplegia console is adapted to aspirate blood from the cardiopulmonary bypass venous line. The blood is ultrafiltered, sent through the cardioplegia heat exchanger, and returned to the aorta via the cardioplegia needle.

Veno-arterial modified ultrafiltration has produced no visual evidence of air entrainment in the cardiopulmonary arterial line. This method allows the immediate resumption of cardiopulmonary bypass without the need for the surgeon to recannulate or alter tubing. Thirty-five children underwent veno-arterial modified ultrafiltration; the results show significant increases in postoperative hematocrit, early extubation, and improved rheology.
Senescent Ventricular Dysfunction: Issues Related to Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Larson Douglas F. , Yang Bo , Shi Jiaqi , Gorman Mark , Watson Ronald R.
Published: August 2023

The mean age of the open-heart surgical patient is increasing every year. Therefore, it is logical to define the aging-related changes in cardiovascular function. This study set forth to define the major molecular and performance alterations that occur in the left ventricle related to advanced aging or senescence. In the human, vascular pathologies usually accompany left ventricular dysfunction. The aim of this study was to associate the altered left ventricular mechanics with molecular pathways in mice who lacked these associated vascular pathologies. This study compared the left ventricular function of two groups of mice (N = 20 each), 6 months old and 16 months old (senescent). The mice were anesthetized with urethane and α-chloralose, and a Millar 1.4 Fr. conductance micromanometer catheter was placed into the left ventricle for acquisition of pressure-volume loops. Heart tissues were collected immediately for analysis of cGMP concentrations. The cardiac index, preload recruitable stroke work, and the slope (Ees) of the end-systolic pressure volume relationship were significantly less in the senescent group compared to the young mice. It was concluded that the aged heart has significantly reduced systolic and diastolic dysfunction compared to the young heart function and that this dysfunction may be related to pathways leading to increased myocardial cGMP concentrations.
Isolated Extra-Corporeal Coronary Perfusion Circuit for Use During Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: McCusker K. , Venkatarmana V. , Panopolous J. , DeBois W. , McCusker C. , Sisto D.
Published: August 2023

Cardiovascular surgery would not have developed into its present form without the heart–lung machine. In coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), cardiopulmonary bypass allows accurate, all site, complete revascularization in a way convenient to the surgeon. The aim of this circuit is to find new ways to reduce invasiveness of CABG and to create new basis conditions for successful coronary bypass grafting on the beating heart. Manipulation of the heart compromises collateral coronary flow, especially to critically narrowed coronaries. This circuit standardizes our method for perfusing blood through the coronary bypass grafts with controlled positive pressure as each distal anastomosis is made, and it preserves collateral coronary flow, while facilitating construction of the remaining distal anastomoses.
Co-administration of Aprotinin and Epsilon–Aminocaproic Acid During Cardiopulmonary Bypass in a Swine Model
Authors: Vang See N. , Stammers Alfred H. , Mejak Brian L. , Rauch Eric D. , Viessman Thomas W. , Bruda Nancy L. , Yang Tianyu
Published: August 2023

Despite the beneficial effects of pharmacological interventions to prevent bleeding and to reduce the need for autogeneic blood, there are concerns that these agents induce a prothrombotic state. The purpose of this study was to examine the coagulation phenomena influenced by the coadministration of epsilon–aminocaproic acid (EACA) and aprotinin during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

A swine model of CPB was utilized in this study. During 120 min of CPB, treatment animals (N = 5) received 6 × 106 Kiu of aprotinin and 30 grams of EACA; whereas, control animals (N = 3) received an equal volume of 0.9 % saline. Indices of thrombogenicity included hematological variables, gross pathology, and circuit examination for the presence of thrombus.

The application of both antifibrinolytics resulted in an increase use of heparin. Total heparin requirements were significantly different between treatment group (58,800 ± 3493 iu) versus control group (51,000 ± 3464 iu). D-dimer concentration was also significantly higher in the control group (500–1000 ng mL−1) than in the treatment group (250–500 ng mL−1) at 5 and 30 min postprotamine. Other coagulation markers tested were not observed to be statistically significant between groups. Thromboelastographic (TEG) index decreased in the treatment group during the surgical procedure and bypass from 2.74 ± 2.9 to −1.36 ± 4.1 as compared to an increase from 2.62 ± 2.9 to 4.05 ± 0.4 in the control group. Pathologic analysis revealed occurrences of thrombus formation in small vessels in the lung and kidney glomeruli of treatment animals. The concurrent use of both aprotinin and EACA may induce a prothrombotic or coagulant state as determined by histological assessment.
Quantitative Evaluation of Hypothermia, Hyperthermia, and Hemodilution on Coagulation
Authors: Kmiecik Scott A. , Liu Jun-Li , Vaadia Tal S. , Nichols Jeffery D. , Kohtz Ryan J. , Mills Nancy J. , Petterson Craig M. , Stammers Alfred H.
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of temperature change on the coagulation time of blood at two different hematocrit levels by using various coagulationmonitoring devices. The devices used in this study were the Bayer Rapid Point Coag Analyzers, Hemochron Jr. Signature, Hemochron Response, Medtronic ACT II, and Haemoscope Thrombelastograph. One unit of human bank blood was used in this study. The hematocrit level was adjusted to 40% and 20%. A control bath and experimental bath were set up. Control blood was maintained at 37°C and tested every 45 ± 15 min throughout the experimental period of 6 h to demonstrate the stability of the model. The experimental blood was tested at temperature points of 37, 32, 27, 32, 37, 42, and 37°C. Activated clotting time (ACT) tended to increase when the temperature was initially decreased from 37 to 27°C, which reached a statistically significant level when measured by the Hemochron Response at both the 20% (147 ± 10.7 to 159.3 ± 11.0, p < .0332) and 40% hematocrit level (130 ± 14.9 to 152.1 ± 19.7, p < .0148). ACT was decreased significantly (p < .05) when the temperature was increased to 42°C as measured by all machines except the Hemochron Jr. Signature at the 20% hematocrit level. ACT was significantly higher (p < .05) at a 20% hematocrit level as compared to that at a 40% hematocrit level on all devices for the majority of temperature points. These data suggested that hypothermia only increased ACT when measured by a macrosample device requiring a milliliter sample (Hemochron Response). However, hemodilution induced anticoagulatory effects and hyperthermia caused an acceleration in coagulation by all devices utilized in this study.
The Effect of Volume Replacement on Serum Protein Concentration During Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Kmiecik Scott A. , Stammers Alfred H , Petterson Craig M. , Liu Jun-Li , Nichols Jeffery D. , Kohtz Ryan J. , Mills Nancy J. , Zheng Hong , Hock Lynette M.
Published: August 2023

Although controversy exists concerning the optimal total protein and colloid osmotic pressure that should be maintained during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), the primary volume expanders remain albumin and 6% hetastarch. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of adding boluses of volume replacement agents under various conditions to total serum protein values during CPB. A standard CPB circuit was utilized in eight 45-kg swine that had a priming volume (physiologic saline solution) of 2309 ± 245 mL. Volumetric alterations occurred throughout the CPB period by the addition of combinations of physiologic saline solution, 6% hetastarch or 5% swine albumin. Pre- and postadministration samples were assayed for total serum protein, total protein, and albumin throughout the CPB period and at pre- and postvolume administration times. There was a significant decline in total serum protein with the initiation of CPB (6.14 ± 0.49 g/dL vs. 3.40 ± 0.43 g/dL, p <.0001). Addition of 12.5 g of swine albumin (N = 5) to two different swine increased total serum protein significantly when compared to adding 500 mL of 6% hetastarch (N = 6) (swine albumin 12.4 ± 6.3% vs. hetastarch 3.3 ± 2.1%, p <.005). A reduction in total serum protein occurred after hemodilution with varying amount of physiologic saline solution: 250–450 mL (7.4 ± 4.5%), 451–650 mL (9.6 ± 5.6%), and 651–1050 mL (19.4 ± 4.0%). In summary, knowledge of total serum protein concentration and estimated circulating blood volume can be used to guide albumin and hetastarch administration following hemodilution.
Das primäre Offenwinkelglaukom
Authors: Keye Philip , Lübke Jan
Published: August 2023

Das primäre Offenwinkelglaukom (POWG) als häufigstem Subtyp der
Glaukomerkrankungen liegt keine Verlegung des Kammerwinkels zugrunde. Klinisch
kommt es zu einem fortschreitenden Verlust von retinalen Ganglienzellen, der bei
Überschreiten einer kritischen Schwelle zu irreversiblen Gesichtsfelddefekten
führt. Die bisher einzige evidenzbasierte Therapie ist die Senkung des
Augeninnendrucks (IOD), um die vollständige Erblindung zu verhindern.
Prevalence of delirium in gastroenterology/hepatology units: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Pazouki Ronja , Hasselblatt Peter , Kugler Christiane
Published: August 2023

Prevalence rates of delirium amount to 22.0% within acute-care settings. In contrast, 30–40% of patients with liver cirrhosis may develop hepatic encephalopathy, a condition that has been classified as a syndrome of delirium, based on recent pathophysiology findings. However, the prevalence of delirium in gastroenterology and hepatology units is unknown.

The aims of the study were (i) to identify delirium prevalence rates in inpatients of gastroenterology/hepatology wards, (ii) to analyze the delirium motor subtype, and (iii) to assess associations between delirium and patient characteristics.

In this monocentric, cross-sectional, epidemiological study, point prevalence was assessed at six time points in three gastroenterology/hepatology units within a German university hospital. Delirium was assessed using the 4 ‘As’ Test (4AT) and delirium subtype by the delirium motor subtype scale. Patient characteristics were collected from patient charts.

The sample consisted of 188 patients, aged 18 to 98 years (mean age 64, n=110 male). Of them, 18.1% of patients showed delirium symptoms (61.8% hypoactive, 29.4% mixed, and 8.8% hyperactive). For the participants aged ≥65 years (n=96), prevalence of delirium amounted to 26.0%. Significant associations were observed between delirium and the following characteristics: age (p=0.001), length of hospital stay until assessment (p=0.043), cerebrovascular disease (p=0.002), dementia (p=0.010), diabetes mellitus with chronic complications (p=0.012), and gender (nonsignificant trend, p=0.050), while no association was detected between moderate or severe liver disease and delirium (p=0.414).

In conclusion, overall prevalence rates of delirium were rather low and did not increase in patients with liver disease.
Bowel cleansing effectiveness and safety of 1L PEG + Asc in the real-world setting: Observational, retrospective, multicenter study of over 13000 patients
Authors: López-Jamar José Miguel Esteban , Gorjão Ricardo , Cotter José , Lorenzo-Zúñiga García Vicente , Pantaleón Sánchez Miguel Angel , Carral Martínez David , Sábado Fernando , Pérez Arellano Elena , Gómez Rodríguez Blas José , López Cano Antonio , Machlab Salvador , Arieira Cátia , Akriche Fatma , Turbí Disla Carmen , Rodriguez Muñoz Sarbelio
Published: August 2023

Background and study aims Effective bowel cleansing is critical
for detecting lesions during colonoscopy, highlighting the importance of bowel preparations.
1L polyethylene glycol (PEG) + ascorbate (Asc) is the only recommended 1L PEG product in
Europe and the United States. Its efficacy was demonstrated in large-scale controlled trials
and confirmed in smaller-scale real-world studies. However, no large-scale real-world data
exist.

Patients and methods This observational, retrospective,
multicenter study, used outpatient follow-up data from medical records from 10 centers in
Spain and two in Portugal. Outpatients aged ≥18 years using 1L PEG + Asc as bowel preparation
were included. The main outcome measures were overall adequate colon cleansing (Boston Bowel
Preparation Scale [BBPS] score ≥6 with BBPS score ≥2 in each segment) and high-quality
cleansing of the right colon (BBPS score=3).

Results Data from 13169 eligible patients were included. Overall
cleansing success was achieved in 89.3% (95%CI 88.7%-89.8%) and high-quality cleansing in the
right colon in 49.3% (95%CI 48.4%–50.2%) of patients. For the overnight split-dose and
same-day regimens, overall adequate quality cleansing success rate was 94.7% and 86.7% (P<0.0001) and high-quality cleansing of the right colon rate was
65.4% and 41.4% (P<0.0001), respectively. Colonoscopy was
completed in 97.3% of patients, with non-completion due to poor preparation in only 0.8%; 2.3%
of patients experienced at least one adverse event (AE).

Conclusions This large-scale, real-world study demonstrates the
effectiveness of 1L PEG + Asc in the total and right colon, with a low percentage of patients
with AEs in routine clinical practice.
Seltene vaskuläre Erkrankungen der Netzhaut – Teil 1
Authors: Heimann Heinrich , Schüler Andreas , Kellner Ulrich , Lommatzsch Albrecht , Krause Lothar
Published: August 2023

Neben der diabetischen Retinopathie und den arteriellen und venösen Verschlusserkrankungen existiert eine Reihe weiterer Ursachen für vaskuläre Netzhauterkrankungen, deren Früherkennung für
die Differenzialdiagnose und Therapie bedeutsam sind. Diese Übersicht stellt wichtige generalisierte oder periphere vaskuläre Netzhauterkrankungen vor. Der zweite Teil fasst vaskuläre
Netzhauterkrankungen mit vorwiegend makulärer Symptomatik zusammen.
Using spintronic devices in neural networks to analyze radio signals
Authors: Palivela Ananya
Published: August 2023

Magnetic tunnel junctions are used as both synapses and neurons to create an extreme learning hardware system.
Plasmas in space prove similar despite disparate collision levels
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: August 2023

The finding suggests a flaw in accepted understandings of plasma dynamics.
Glass transition temperatures of binary oxides from ab initio simulations
Authors: Prasai Kiran , Bassiri Riccardo , Cheng Hai-Ping , Fejer Martin M.
Published: August 2023

The glass transition temperatures of common binary oxides, including those with low glass-forming ability, are estimated using pair distribution functions (PDFs) from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The computed glass transition temperatures for good glass-formers such as silica (SiO2), germania (GeO2), and boron oxide (B2O3) are in agreement with measured values. These calculations are then used to compute the glass transition temperatures of alumina (Al2O3), tantala (Ta2O5), and telluria (TeO2), which are known to exhibit low glass-forming ability. For Al2O3 and Ta2O5, we also compute the simulated caloric curve from molecular dynamics simulations using two-body empirical force fields. Finally, we discuss the possibility of extracting the glass transition temperature by measuring the thermal broadening of the PDFs from scattering measurements.
Effect of surface heat exchange on phase change materials melting with thermocapillary flow in microgravity
Authors: Martínez Figueira N. , Salgado Sánchez P. , Bello A. , Olfe K. , Rodríguez J.
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a numerical analysis of the melting dynamics of n-octadecane in microgravity. The phase change material (PCM) is held in a rectangular container of aspect ratio Γ=L/H=1.5, and the upper boundary is open to a layer of air, which both exchanges heat with the PCM and generates thermocapillary convection in the liquid phase via the Marangoni effect. This study extends the analysis conducted by Martinez et al. [“Effect of surface heat exchange on phase change materials melting with thermocapillary flow in microgravity,” Phys. Fluids 33, 083611 (2021)] in which the air temperature was assumed to vary linearly between the temperatures applied at the lateral walls. Two different scenarios are analyzed here. In the first case, the air temperature is assumed to be homogeneous and equal to the mean value of the temperatures applied at the lateral walls throughout the melting process. In the second case, the air temperature is similarly taken to be constant but with a value of 23 °C, which is representative of a laboratory environment, including many microgravity platforms. The investigation reveals the effect of key dimensionless parameters, including the Marangoni number (Ma), which quantifies the heat transport due to the thermocapillary flow, and the Biot number (Bi), which characterizes the heat exchanged across the PCM/air interface. In contrast to previous analyses of pattern selection, only oscillatory standing (pulsating) waves are observed under these boundary conditions. The results in each case are presented via stability maps in terms of Bi and Ma.
Thermochemical modelling and mechanical property of the Al-7.6Si-xZr alloy
Authors: Biswas Prosanta , Das Subhajit , Das Sushil Chandra , Paliwal Manas , Roy Himadri , Mondal Manas Kumar
Published: August 2023

This study utilised the gravity casting method to modify hypoeutectic Al-7.6Si alloys with Zr at varying weight percentages (0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%). The unmodified alloy typically consists of a needle or platelike eutectic silicon within the dendritic α-Al phase. The addition of Zr increases the liquidus temperature of the alloy and results in the formation of ZrSi and ZrSi2 compounds, which act as nucleation sites for both the eutectic Si and α-Al grains. As a result, the needle or platelike eutectic silicon transforms into a fibrous structure with a more uniform distribution, and the α-Al phase becomes finer and globular. These microstructural changes lead to improved bulk hardness, ductility, and mechanical properties of the alloy.
Microstructure change of titanium layer in titanium/aluminium laminate metal composites during ultrasonic additive manufacturing
Authors: Zhou Yanyuan , Wang Zhenqiang , Jiang Fengchun
Published: August 2023

This paper investigates the microstructural characteristics of Ti layer in ultrasonic additive manufacturing of Ti/Al laminate composites by electron backscattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Results show that a face-centred cubic (FCC) phase is formed in the Ti matrix around the Ti/Al bonding interface, and it keeps [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] orientation relationship with hexagonal close-packed (HCP) Ti matrix. The phase transition from HCP to FCC occurs in the region with high shear strain, which is associated with the movement of Frank or Shockley partial dislocations. The high-volume fraction of FCC-Ti under high ultrasonic amplitude can favour the improvement in the Ti/Al interfacial bonding strength via enhancing the plastic deformability of Ti foil.
Aluminium foil-aided ultrasonic welding of NiTi and 304 stainless steel: A study of mechanical properties and interface microstructure
Authors: Chen Yi , Cheng Mingpeng , Xing Yawei , Li Yang , Luo Zhen , Ao Sansan
Published: August 2023

The achievement of an effective connection between superelastic NiTi and 304 stainless steel (304 SS) using ultrasonic welding with varying welding energy inputs has been studied. It has been observed that the addition of aluminium foil serves to a tight joint, which displays two kinds of interfaces where no defects were observed. With the increase in input energy, the peak load exhibits an initial growth phase followed by a decrement phase, and the interfacial heat production intensifies gradually, leading to subsequent interfacial oxidation. When the input energy is 750 J, the joint peak load reaches its maximum at 890 N. The fracture pattern of the joint exhibited both interfacial fracture and edge fracture. In high welding energy situations, Fe4Al13 (a brittle phase) is produced, which deleteriously impact on the joint's performance. Conversely, low welding energy results in the absence of any brittle phase formation.
Vapour phase assembly of ultrathin coatings from alanine ternary complex on the carbon steel surface with enhanced corrosion resistance
Authors: Wang Qiang , Ma Liang , An Jiajia , Zhang Daquan , Li Weizhe , Gao Lixin
Published: August 2023

A novel alanine ternary complex (ALA-T) is prepared by the reaction of alanine (ALA), phosphoric acid, and dibutylamine. FTIR technique is used to characterise its structure. The weight-loss experiments in the closed space study the volatility of the alanine ternary complex. The ultrathin coating is formed on the surface of carbon steel by vapour phase assembly of the alanine ternary complex. The thickness of the coatings is measured using spectroscopic ellipsometry. The inhibition effect of ultrathin coatings on the corrosion of carbon steel is studied by the volatile-inhibiting ability (VIA) and the electrochemical tests. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) are utilised to examine the morphology and composition of the carbon steel surface. It shows that the complex ultrathin coating has good corrosion inhibition for carbon steel. The protection mechanism of the ultrathin coating is discussed and analysed.
An analysis of Gursey-Radicati mass formula for tetraquark systems
Authors: Sharma Ankush , Upadhyay Alka
Published: August 2023

In this work, the extended Gursey-Radicati mass formula is used to analyze the masses of the tetraquark system with configurations

Q

q

¯

q

q

¯

/

q

q

¯

q

Q

¯

,

Q

q

¯

Q

q

¯

/

qq

Q

¯

Q

¯

,

Q

Q

¯

q

Q

¯

/

QQ

q

¯

Q

¯

and

QQ

Q

¯

Q

¯

(Q = c, b). The discovery of two singly heavy tetraquark structures

T

c

s

¯

0

a

(
2900
)

++

and

T

c

s

¯

0

(
2900
)

0

at LHCb acts as a motivation for this work. They were observed in the

D

s

+

π

+

and

D

s

+

π

−

invariant mass spectra in two B-decay processes

B

+

→

D

−

D

s

+

π

+

and

B

0

→

D

0

¯

D

s

+

π

−

, respectively. By using the SU(3)
f
flavor representation, we classified the recently observed singly heavy tetraquarks having quark content

u

d

¯

c

s

¯

and

u

¯

dc

s

¯

in octet representation with J

P
value 0+ and forming the isospin triplet(I = 1). Our thorough comparison of mass spectra with both experimental and theoretical data demonstrates reasonable agreement. Further, decay channels and widths for the hidden-charm tetraquark states are computed in the framework of the diquark-antidiquark model. Our results may provide useful enlightenment for future experimental studies.
Influence of electroless NiP/graphene coating on treated woven ramie fiber and its characterization
Authors: Mylsamy Goudilyan , Krishnasamy Prabu
Published: August 2023

Over the years, several researchers have attempted to develop a functional surface through coating technology. However, developing a natural fiber into a functional material continues to be a challenging task. Herein, in the current study, an attempt is made to deposit nickel-phosphorus (NiP)/Graphene (Gr) on the surface of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treated ramie fiber (RF) to improve its electrical conductivity and wettability. The influence of NaOH treatment, NiP/Gr coating on the fiber surface is studied by microstructural analysis, elemental compositions, x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), wettability, and electrical conductivity. The obtained results confirm the presence of NiP and Graphene on the treated-coated ramie fiber with intensity peaks at 45° and 28°. The analysis of the microstructures reveal the cauliflower and flakes structure of NiP and graphene. The NaOH-treated and NiP-coated sample (T/NiP/RF) has enhanced electrical conductivity of 56.7% when compared to the untreated NiP-coated sample (NiP/RF), whereas the addition of graphene (T/NiP/Gr/RF) increases the electrical conductivity by 74% (14.85 (Ω cm)−1) compared to T/NiP/RF (8.54 (Ω cm)−1).
Estimation of the S34(0) S-factor for 3He(α, γ)7Be reaction by using distorted wave born approximation and artificial neural network
Authors: Kocak G , Pasayigit E , Akkoyun S
Published: August 2023

The astrophysical S-factor and total cross-section of

3

He

α
,
γ

7

Be

radiative capture reaction are analyzed using the first-order distorted wave born approximation and artificial neural network. To make estimations of S34(0) at energies going to zero, we have used an artificial neural network model as a new approximation in this area. First, we obtain distorted wave born approximation results using the Gaussian and Woods-Saxon potentials. After, we evaluate artificial neural network approximation to analyze reaction observables of the

3

He

α
,
γ

7

Be

system. Our results show that artificial neural network model is a powerful candidate as an extrapolation model for astrophysical energies for estimating of the S-factor observable.
Multi-species thermalization cascade of energetic particles in the early universe
Authors: Drees M. , Najjari B.
Published: August 2023

Heavy long-lived particles are abundant in BSM physics and will, under generic circumstances, get to dominate the energy density of the universe. The resulting matter dominated era has to end through the decay of the heavy matter component particles of mass M, and before the universe cools down to a temperature of a few MeV, in order not to upset the successful predictions of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. The process of thermalization of their decay products, of initial energy ∼ M/2, into a thermal bath of temperature T primarily involves near-collinear splittings of energetic particles into two particles with lower energy. The correct treatment of these processes requires the inclusion of coherence effects which suppress the splitting rate. We write down and numerically solve the resulting coupled Boltzmann equations including all gauge bosons and fermions of the unbroken phase of the Standard Model (SM). We then comment on the dependence of the nonthermal spectra on the ratio M/T, as well as on the matter decay rate and branching ratios into various SM particles.
Dynamic Wisp Removal in JWST NIRCam Images
Authors: Robotham A. S. G. , D’Silva J. C. J. , Windhorst R. A. , Jansen R. A. , Summers J. , Driver S. P. , Wilmer C. N. A. , Bellstedt S.
Published: August 2023

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) near-infrared camera has been found to exhibit serious wisp-like structures in four of its eight short-wavelength detectors. The exact structure and strength of these wisps is highly variable with the position and orientation of JWST, so the use of static templates is non-optimal. Here we investigate a dynamic strategy to mitigate these wisps using long-wavelength reference images. Based on a suite of experiments where we embed a worst-case scenario median-stacked wisp into wisp-free images, we define suitable parameters for our wisp removal strategy. Using this setup we re-process wisp-affected public Prime Extragalactic Areas for Reionization and Lensing Science data in the North Ecliptic Pole Time Domain Field, resulting in significant visual improvement in our detector frames and reduced noise in the final stacked images.
A multisource transportation network model explaining allometric scaling
Authors: Jia Xiang-Yu , Liu Er-Jian , Yang Yitao , Yan Xiao-Yong
Published: August 2023

The universal scaling relationship between an attribute and the size of a system is widespread in nature and society and is known as allometric growth. Previous studies have explained that the allometric growth exponent of single-source systems is uniquely determined by the dimension. However, the phenomenon that the exponent shows diversity in some systems, such as rivers, freight transportation and gasoline stations, lacks a reasonable explanation. In this paper, we hold the view that allometric growth may originate from efficient delivery from sources to transfer sites in a system and propose a multisource transportation network model that can explain diversified allometric growth exponents. We apply this model to some multisource systems, and the results show that our model successfully reproduces the diversity of the allometric growth exponent.
PCB Defect Detection Based on Image Processing and Improved YOLOv5
Authors: Chen Shiqiao , Liang Xiqing , Jiang Wenneng
Published: August 2023

Aiming at the problems of the high cost of PCB circuit board defect detection, many types of defects, and complex shapes, this paper proposes a PCB defect detection method that combines image processing and deep learning. We use the pruned YOLOv5 algorithm and image processing method to realize the identification and location of defects on the PCB board, which improves the accuracy of defect detection. The combination algorithm first puts the original image through image enhancement methods such as straightening, denoising, sharpening, and contrast enhancement, and uses the improved YOLOv5 convolutional neural network to identify defects. The experimental results show that, without reducing the detection accuracy of the original model, the algorithm compresses the model to 2.64 MB and shortens the inference time to 20.53 ms, which greatly improves the model deployment efficiency and detection speed.
Research on Landslide Detection in SAR Images Based on Multi-channel Change Detection Fusion
Authors: Li Zengqi , Chen Lifu , Long Fengqi , Li Zhonghao , Jin Haixin
Published: August 2023

The landslides have resulted in the grave loss of human life and economic damage. Currently, emergency investigations predominantly employ manual field investigations and remote sensing interpretation. Traditional methods for assessing landslides are time-consuming and ineffective for widespread and numerous landslides. In response, many scholars have successfully employed optical remote sensing imagery to extract landslides. Nonetheless, landslide regions are typically accompanied by copious rainfall along with inclement weather conditions, such as cloudy or overcast skies, which limits the observation capabilities of optical remote sensing methods. At this juncture, the advantages of SAR systems that can penetrate clouds, rain, and fog, and work around the clock under any weather conditions are highlighted. This paper proposes a framework using multi-channel SAR images to extract landslides. The framework consists of fused multi-channel change detection images and traditional detection methods, resulting in effective landslide detection. The proposed method was verified in an experiment using landslide data triggered by an earthquake in Milin County, Tibet, on November 17, 2017.