bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health beyond the carbon barrier
Authors: Farman Abou
Published: October 2019

Silicon Valley donors have been investing heavily in a range of transhumanist longevity and immortality ventures. Theirs is a particular, culturally embedded endeavor, shaped by specific histories, ideologies, and futures that present new posthuman views of life, death, and survival. These projects aim for a future world in which the fundamental ontological categories of mind, life, and nonlife will have finally collapsed into one another thanks to the intercession of silicon-based digital or informatic technologies. The key term that denotes such a project is ‘convergence’ – used as much by transhumanists as by mainstream scientists and policymakers. Here I critically explore the ‘project of convergence’, tracing its history in the United States, and examining some of the projects and activities that have coalesced around it. These specifically include artificial intelligence, in which human persons are to be transferred from carbon-based to silicon-based substrates, and nanotechnology, in which work at the nano resolution aims at the reconstitution of the carbon-based or biochemical body. Although the concept of convergence emerges out of a transhumanist imaginary, the ideas and plans behind it have gained increasing traction in mainstream technoscientific projects. In contrast to some other health concepts that have been recently expanded to incorporate the organic nonhuman environment, these projects expand notions of health via robotic and computational formations in ways that, I argue, are moving health beyond the carbon barrier, pushing us toward an era in which intelligent existence deserving of care will not be understood as exclusive to carbon-based life forms.
From the human to the planetary
Authors: Ticktin Miriam Iris
Published: October 2019

This is largely a theoretical, speculative essay that takes on the question of what ‘care’ looks like at a moment when climate change is increasingly taking center stage in public and political discussions. Starting with two new practices, namely, humanitarian care for nonhumans and One Health collaborations, I seek to determine what forms of political care can incorporate the well-being of future generations and future iterations of the earth. After an exploration of One Health as an approach to planetary care, I ask what its parts enable us to think, despite its limitations; I focus on the new human-nonhuman assemblages connected through different biosocial models, such as neuroscience or immunology, to see how these scientific theories might enable new possibilities. I argue that a focus on biological ecologies at different scales – as opposed to ethicomoral categories like humanity – can open the way to a larger imaginary of human and nonhuman flourishing and a space for nonmoralistic politics.
The "Necessity Test" as Expressed by the Enigmatic Article XX(j) of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1994): Appellate Body Report, India - Certain Measures Relating to Solar Cells and Solar Modules
Authors: Vinti Clive
Published: October 2019

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1994) (GATT) is premised on the elimination of all barriers to trade in goods. Contrary to this approach, Article XX of the GATT authorises the circumvention of this imperative. More specifically, Article XX(j) of the GATT essentially provides that GATT contracting parties are authorised to promulgate measures that are "essential" to the acquisition of products in general or local short supply. This invariably means that only measures that are "essential" will satisfy the "necessity test" contemplated under Article XX(j). The Appellate Body Report, India - Certain Measures Relating to Solar Cells and Solar Modules is the first World Trade Organisation case to elaborate on the "necessity test" of Article XX(j) of the GATT. This paper seeks to evaluate the Appellate Body's findings on the "necessity test" of Article XX(j).
Aspectos motivacionais do abandono do tratamento de obesidade
Authors: Palmeira Catia Suely , Novais Isadora , Santos Victoria Roberta Silva , Lima Maria de Lourdes
Published: October 2019

OBJETIVO: Identificar os motivos que levaram ao abandono do tratamento de obesidade. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa descritiva com abordagem quantitativa realizada em um serviço de referência no acompanhamento de pessoas com excesso de peso na cidade de Salvador-BA. A população foi constituída por 62 pessoas que deixaram de frequentar o programa multidisciplinar por mais de dois anos. A coleta dos dados foi realizada pela análise do prontuário e entrevista por telefone. RESULTADOS: Predomínio do sexo feminino (90,3%), com média de idade de 47,9 anos, cor parda (46,8%), renda menor do que 3 salários mínimos (64,7%) e escolaridade até o segundo grau (75,8%). Depois da saída do programa 87,1% não estava sendo acompanhada por nenhum outro serviço de saúde para o tratamento do excesso de peso. Os motivos mais frequentes para o abandono foram de ordem pessoal como à falta de tempo (24,2%) e problemas inerentes ao trabalho (38,7%); e relacionados ao serviço, tais como o horário de atendimento (24,2%), dificuldade em agendar retorno (24,2%) e demora no atendimento (16,1%). CONCLUSÃO: O abandono do tratamento da obesidade é complexo e causado por múltiplos fatores, relacionados a motivos de ordem pessoal, à estrutura e organização do serviço de saúde a equipe de profissionais.
Elektroperokson prosesi ile tannik asit oksidasyonu
Authors: TÜRKAY Özge
Published: October 2019

Elektroperokson
(E-perokson) prosesi, ozon ve elektrooksidasyon proseslerini bir arada
bulunduran bir ileri oksidasyon yöntemidir. 
E-perokson prosesi, oksijenden ozon üretiminde jeneratörün dönüşüm
veriminin düşük olmasından faydalanarak, enerji kaybı olarak sisteme verilen
oksijeni, karbon bazlı katotta indirgeyerek hidrojen perokside dönüştürür. Hidrojen
peroksidin sonrasında ozon ile reaksiyona girerek OH• radikalleri oluşturması
nedeniyle E-perokson, yüksek oksidasyon özelliğine sahip proses şartları
sağlar.  Ancak, tannik asidin düşük pH’ya
ve ozon reaktif aromatik yapıya sahip karakteristik özellikleri sebebi ile
E-perokson prosesinin daha fazla OH• radikali oluşturma üstünlüğü, tannik asit
oksidasyonu şartlarında elde edilememiştir. Ozonlama sisteminin E-peroksona
dönüştürülmesiyle %10 daha fazla çözünmüş organik karbon mineralizasyonu sağlanmıştır.
Tannik asidin oksidasyonunda H2O2 doğrudan görev
almazken, reaksiyon başlarında moleküler ozon reaksiyonu domine etmiştir. Ozona
daha az reaktif karboksilik asitlerin oluşmasıyla, oksidasyon OH• radikalleri
tarafından yönetilmiş ve sözü edilen verim artışı sağlanmıştır.
Dönüştürülmüş ölçümler Kalman filtresi tabanlı skalerle ağırlıklandırılmış etkileşimli çoklu model
Authors: TURGUT Kübra , HOCAOĞLU Ali Köksal
Published: October 2019

Bu çalışmada hedef takibi için, füzyon kriterlerine dayalı Skalerle ağırlıklandırılmış Etkileşimli Çoklu Model (SIMM) algoritması ile koordinat dönüşümlerinden kaynaklı sapmanın azaltılmasına yönelik öne sürülen Dönüştürülmüş Ölçümler Kalman Filtresi (CMKF) algoritması özelliklerinden yararlanılarak birden fazla hedef hareket modelinin kullanımına olanak sağlayan yeni bir Etkileşimli Çoklu Model (IMM) algoritması önerilmiştir. Önerilen algoritma yoğun manevralı ve yoğun gürültülü senaryolarda test edilmiştir. Önerilen algoritmanın, ölçümlerin polar/küresel koordinat olması durumunda literatürdeki SIMM-KF ve IMM-CMKF algoritmalarından daha az mesafe hatasına sahip olduğu gösterilmiştir.
Çekirge optimizasyon algoritması kullanılarak çok makinalı güç sistemi için gürbüz kesir dereceli PID kararlı kılıcısı tasarımı
Authors: HEKİMOĞLU Baran
Published: October 2019

Geleneksel türev-tabanlı metotların ve diğer
sezgisel-üstü algoritmaların eksiklerini gidermek amacıyla, bu çalışmada yeni
bir sezgisel-üstü teknik olan çekirge optimizasyon algoritmasının (GOA) kesir
dereceli oransal-integral-türev (FOPID) kontrolör yapılı güç sistemi kararlı
kılıcısının (PSS) gürbüz tasarımında kullanılması önerilmiştir. FOPID tipi PSS
parametrelerinin ayarlama problemi, zaman tanım bölgesi tabanlı bir amaç
fonksiyonu ile bir optimizasyon problemine dönüştürüldü ve GOA ile çözüldü.
Önerilen yaklaşım farklı yüklenme koşulları ve arızalara maruz kalan çok
makinalı güç sistemine uygulandı. Önerilen GOA-tabanlı yeni tasarlanan FOPID
yapılı kararlı kılıcının (GOA-FOPIDPSS) performansı GA-, ABC- ve ayrıca
önerilen GOA-tabanlı klasik yapılı kararlı kılıcılar ile karşılaştırdı.
Önerilen kararlı kılıcının üstünlüğü, potansiyeli ve gürbüzlüğü lineer olmayan
simülasyon çalışmaları ve bazı dinamik performans indeksleri vasıtasıyla
doğrulandı. Analiz sonuçları, önerilen GOA-FOPIDPSS kontrolörünün farklı
arızalar ve geniş çalışma koşullarında düşük frekanslı salınımlara mükemmel
sönümleme performansı verdiğini göstermiştir.
Titanyum ile tane inceltmenin Al-25Zn alaşımının mikroyapı, mekanik ve korozyon özelliklerine etkisinin incelenmesi
Authors: HEKİMOĞLU Ali Paşa , ÇALIŞ Merve
Published: October 2019

Bu
çalışmada, bir adet ikili Al-25Zn alaşımı ve Al-25Zn-0,01Ti, Al-25Zn-0,03Ti,
Al-25Zn-0,04Ti, Al-25Zn-0,05Ti, Al-25Zn-0,075Ti, Al-25Zn-0,1Ti, Al-25Zn-0,2Ti,
Al-25Zn-0,4Ti, Al-25Zn-0,6Ti, Al-25Zn-0,8 ve Al-25Zn-1Ti olmak üzere 11 adet
üçlü alüminyum-çinko-titanyum alaşımı kokil kalıba döküm yöntemiyle üretildi.
Üretilen alaşımların içyapı, mekanik ve korozyon özellikleri incelendi. İçyapı
incelemeleri elektron mikroskobu(SEM) ve X-ışını kırınım(XRD) çalışmalarıyla
gerçekleştirildi. Mekanik özellikler ise Brinell sertlik ölçüm yöntemi ve çekme
deneyi yardımıyla belirlendi. Korozyon deneyleri elektrokimyasal test
düzeneğinde ASTM G5 standardına uygun olarak gerçekleştirildi. Al-25Zn ve
Al-25Zn-Ti alaşımlarının içyapılarının ana matris olarak α ve η fazlarından
oluştuğu, titanyum oranının %0,01’i aşması durumunda içyapıda Al3Ti fazının
çökelmeye başladığı gözlendi. Ayrıca Al-25Zn-Ti alaşımlarındaki dendrit veya
tanelerin boyutunun ikili alaşıma göre çok daha küçük olduğu görüldü. Al-25Zn
alaşımına %0,01 oranında yapılan titanyum katkısının sertlik, akma ve çekme
mukavemeti değerlerini artırdığı bu orandan daha yüksek katkıların ise azalttığı
gözlendi. Titanyum katkılarının korozyon özelliklerini olumsuz etkilediği
görüldü. Farklı oranlardaki titanyum katkıları nedeniyle Al-25Zn alaşımının
mekanik ve korozyon özelliklerinde meydana gelen değişimler alaşımların yapısal
özelliklerine dayandırılarak açıklandı.
I-enkesitli çelik hadde eğilme elemanları için eski ve yeni Türk tasarım dökümanlarındaki esasların karşılaştırılması
Authors: PINARBAŞI Seval , NASRAT Mohammad Samim
Published: October 2019

Ülkemizde çelik yapıların tasarım
esasları iki yıl önce güncellenmiştir. TS648 standartı yerini Çelik Yapıların
Tasarım, Hesap ve Yapım Esaslarına Dair Yönetmelik’e bırakmıştır. Bu çalışmanın
amacı, I-enkesitli hadde çelik eğilme elemanları için bu iki tasarım dokümanında
tanımlanan tasarım esaslarını karşılaştırarak, TS648’e göre tasarlanmış bir
elemanın dayanımının “Yönetmelik”e göre yeterli olup olmadığını belirlemektir. Her
ne kadar TS648’de kullanılan “Emniyet Gerilmeleri Yöntemi” ile Yönetmelik’te tanımlanan
“Güvenlik Katsayılarına Göre Tasarım Yöntemi”nin tasarım felsefelerinde farklılıklar
olsa da, “çalışma yükleri” altında, çelik yapı elemanlarının emniyetle
taşıyabileceği kesit zorlarının “güvenli” değerlerinin her iki tasarım dokümanına
göre hesaplanarak, TS648’e göre tasarlanan bir elemanının güçlendirilmesine
gerek olup olmadığına karar verilebileceğine inanılmaktadır. Bu amaçla,
ülkemizde eğilme elemanı olarak yaygın şekilde kullanılan I-enkesitli hadde elemanların,
kuvvetli/zayıf eksende eğilme ve gövdeye/başlıklara paralel düzlemde kesme
etkisindeki dayanımları, üç farklı çelik kalitesi ve farklı eleman boyları
için, belirtilen tasarım dokümanları kullanılarak hesaplanmış ve
karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmada TS648’in, zayıf eksende eğilme ile gövdeye/başlıklara
paralel düzlemde kesme etkisindeki elemanların tasarımında, incelenen bütün
enkesit ve çelik kalitelerinde, Yönetmelik’ten daha güvenli sonuçlar verdiği
belirlenmiştir. Güçlü eksende eğilme etkisindeki elemanlarda ise, TS648 bazı
eleman boylarında güvensiz tarafta kalabilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, incelenen
bütün enkesit, çelik kaliteleri ve burkulma boyları için, TS648’e göre
hesaplanan dayanımların en fazla %13 güvensiz tarafta kaldığı belirlenmiştir.
Evrişimsel sinir ağı ve iki-boyutlu karmaşık gabor dönüşümü kullanılarak hiperspektral görüntü sınıflandırma
Authors: HANBAY Kazım
Published: October 2019

Bu çalışmada 2-boyutlu karmaşık Gabor filtreleme
ve derin evrişimsel sinir ağları kullanılarak yeni bir hiperspektral görüntü
sınıflandırma yöntemi önerilmiştir. Derin öğrenilen ve Gabor özellik çıkarma
metodolojileri giriş hiperspekral örnekler üzerinde eş zamanlı olarak
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüntülerin Gabor özellikleri çoklu yönelim ve
frekanslarda hesaplanır. Sonra derin özellikler ve Gabor özellikleri daha güçlü
ve ayırt edici özellik vektörü elde etmek için birleştirilir. Hibrit özellik
vektörü hiperspektral görüntü sınıflandırmak için softmax sınıflandırıcıya
giriş olarak kullanılır. İki hiperspektral veri seti üzerinde gerçekleştirilen
deneyler önerilen yöntemin bazı geleneksel yöntemlerden daha iyi sınıflandırma
performansı elde edebildiğini göstermiştir.
Processing Single Cell Calling Card Sequencing Data v1
Authors: Moudgil Arnav , Mitra Rob
Published: October 2019

Here we present a computational pipeline for processing single cell calling card (scCC) data. These data will have been generated from single cell RNA-seq libraries following transfection/-duction of either undirected piggyBac transposase or your favorite transcription factor (YFTF) fused to piggyBac. This workflow demonstrates how to process scCC sequencing data derived from a 10x Chromium-based scCC library; the workflow can be parallelized on distributed computing architectures (e.g. slurm).
ChroPack - IMAC v1
Authors: Frommholz David , Raftery Alexandra , Stefanczyk Nadine
Published: October 2019

Purification Guide for the Isolation of Histidine-tagged Proteins with ChroPack Columns by DALEX Biotech. ChroPack-IMAC by DALEX Biotech offers a robust and convenient way to isolate polyhistidine-tagged protein from bacterial, mamalian, and insect cell cultures. Immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) is based on the interaction of the imidazole ring of histidine with transition metal ions immobilized on a solid support. Recombinant proteins with a 3 - 10 histidine fusion tag bind to these metal ions while unwanted proteins are removed by washing with excess binding buffer. Elution of the target protein is achieved by the addition of imidazole, EDTA or a low pH. Easy and quick small scale fusion protein purification from various sources. Low metal leaching from column. Tolerates reducing reagents (e.g. DTT up to 10 mM). The resin does not shrink or swell in aqueous buffers. High pressure stability. pH stability short term 2 - 8, long term 3 - 8. Excellent thermal stability up to 15 minutes at 120 °C in aqueous buffers at neutral pH.
iNeuron pre-differentiation & differentiation protocol v1
Authors: Chen Merissa , Draeger Nina , Kampmann Martin , Leng Kun , Li Emmy , Ludwig Connor , Mohl Gregory , Samelson Avi , Sattler Sydney , Tian Ruilin
Published: October 2019

This protocol describes thedifferentiation of iPSCs with stably integrated doxycycline-inducible Ngn2 (such as i3Ns).
ChroPlate - IMAC v2
Authors: Ehl Alexandra , Frommholz David , Stefanczyk Nadine
Published: October 2019

Purification Guide for the Isolation of Histidine-tagged Proteins with ChroPlate Filtration Plates by DALEX Biotech. ChroPlate-IMAC by DALEX Biotech offers a robust and convenient way to isolate polyhistidine-tagged proteins from bacterial, mamalian, and insect cell cultures. Immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) is based on the interaction of the imidazole ring of histidine with transition metal ions immobilized on a solid support. Recombinant proteins with a 3 - 10 histidine fusion tag bind to these metal ions while unwanted proteins are removed by washing with excess binding buffer. Elution of the target protein is achieved by the addition of imidazole, EDTA or a low pH. Easy and quick small scale fusion protein purification from various sources. Low metal leaching from column. Tolerates reducing reagents (e.g. DTT up to 10 mM). The proprietary resin does not shrink or swell in aqueous buffers. High pressure stability. pH stability short term 2 - 8, long term 3 - 8. Excellent thermal stability up to 15 minutes at 120 °C in aqueous buffers at neutral pH. Can be dried for long term storage (80 °C for > 2 h).
ChroPlate - ProteinA/G v2
Authors: Frommholz David , Ehl Alexandra , Stefanczyk Nadine
Published: October 2019

Purification Guide for the Isolation of Antibodies with ChroPlate Filtration Plates by DALEX Biotech. Easy and quick high throughput antibody purification from various sources and species. Each well of the ChroPlate has a binding capacity of > 1 mg (tested with human polyclonal Ig, binding varies between species and clones). The proprietary resin does not shrink or swell in aqueous buffers. High pressure stability. pH stability short term 2 - 8, long term 3 - 8. Excellent thermal stability up to 15 minutes at 80 °C in aqueous buffers at neutral pH. Can be dried for long term storage (80 °C for > 2 h).
Determining Lipid Content in Embryos using Nile Red Fluorescence v1
Authors: Bonilla Luciano , J Hansen Peter
Published: October 2019

The following protocol is derived from the protocol described by Genicot et al. (Theriogenology 63: 1181- 1194, 2005) and is based on the fluorescence emitted by Nile Red when in association with lipid (see Fowler and Greenspan, J Histochem Cytochem 33: 833-836, 1985).
Second-language Proficiency and Exposure to Work Environments—Their Impact on Pragmalinguistic Knowledge of Implicature
Authors: Nigar Nashid
Published: October 2019

To determine whether second language (L2) proficiency and exposure to work environments influence language learners’ pragmalinguistic knowledge of implicatures, I surveyed 76 native and non-native participants in Australia. Thirty non-native respondents were from working contexts and 31 from tertiary education institutes, and 15 native speakers were drawn from a university context. Analysis revealed no working context effect on understanding of implicature items but substantial L2 proficiency effect, and some length of residence effect on pragmatic knowledge of implicature. I concluded that formulaic implicature is more difficult to understand than idiosyncratic implicature in which the conversation’s principles are violated. This study has potential implications for policy making in the areas of Australian language, curriculum development, pedagogical approaches, and English teacher professional development and standardisations.
Service-learning Education Improvement for Foreign Language Learners
Authors: Pazmino Mario Fabricio Ayala
Published: October 2019

The problem addressed in this study was the decreasing rate of enrolment in foreign language programs by Australian university students. A mixed-methods research methodology was used, with the quantitative data collected through tests conducted on participants and the qualitative data collected through semi-structured interviews. The sample consisted of 62 students enrolled in a Spanish foreign language program at a university in Melbourne. The student participants were divided into two groups: a control group, which had 31 students, and an experimental Service-Learning (SL) group, which also had 31 students. The students were also divided into two groups according to academic level: intermediate and advanced. Each group completed three academic tests: listening, oral and language use, reading and writing, both pre- and post-intervention. Findings were that oral language proficiency increased for students that had taken the SL program. They showed no significant increase in listening, reading, and writing. These effects did not differ significantly by level of academic achievement.
“I don’t care” or “It’s their fault”: System justification and the lack of empathy as complementary obstacles to dealing with the modern sexism
Authors: Friesem Elizaveta
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we analyzed college students’ perceptions of their experiences with sexism through the frameworks of the benevolent sexism theory and the theory of system justification. These theories describe the complexity of sexism and explain obstacles of dealing with it in the modern Western world. We qualitatively analyzed students’ responses to an open-ended question about sexism on their campuses. While many informants did describe sexism as a problem, others indicated that it is not important. Respondents displayed negative emotions that often took the form of blame directed both ways. There were almost no responses describing the complexity of the dynamics of the modern sexism, which the theories of system justification and ambivalent sexism highlight. We conclude that the subtle nature of the modern sexism combined with people’s reluctance to empathize with the other side (whether they are negatively affected by sexism or not) contribute to the persistence of sexism in the modern world.
Configuración y reconfiguración de las expectativas educativas después de la educación obligatoria: un análisis longitudinal
Authors: Elias Marina , Daza Lidia
Published: October 2019

El artículo analiza la configuración y reconfiguración de las expectativas educativas de los jóvenes a los 15 años. Los antecedentes se basan en las aportaciones culturalistas de Bourdieu y la separación entre efectos primarios y secundarios de Boudon. Se aporta literatura sobre la configuración de las expectativas, y concretamente aquella que cuestiona la relación entre los logros académicos y las expectativas. Para responder al objetivo de analizar las expectativas que se van configurando año tras año entre los jóvenes que transitan de la educación obligatoria a la postobligatoria se analizan variables como las notas obtenidas, las aspiraciones laborales, y variables ligadas al origen social  y al sexo. Se utilizan datos obtenidos de una encuesta propia tipo panel de tres años a 2056 estudiantes del último año de la obligatoria, y dos años posteriores. Se realizan análisis descriptivos y regresiones logísticas binarias en cada una de las olas incluyendo las variables mencionadas. Los resultados afirman que las notas obtenidas, expectativas y elecciones anteriores tienen incidencia en la configuración y reconfiguración de expectativas. Por último, se constata como el nivel formativo familiar, las aspiraciones laborales y el sexo también inciden la configuración de las expectativas, confirmando el mantenimiento de desigualdades educativas.
Estudio exploratorio de las competencias investigativas de los futuros docentes de Educación Primaria / Exploratory study of the investigative competences of the future teachers of Primary Education
Authors: Calixto Flores Raúl
Published: October 2019

La formación para la investigación de los futuros docentes es fundamental para que logren autonomía pedagógica y puedan atender a las situaciones emergentes de la práctica docente. En esta investigación se identifican las competencias investigativas de una muestra de estudiantes normalistas (futuros docentes), por medio de un estudio exploratorio. Entre los resultados obtenidos destaca que los docentes en formación poseen escasas competencias investigativas para el diseño y desarrollo de trabajos de investigación y para llevar a cabo los procesos inherentes a la investigación educativa. Entre las conclusiones derivadas del estudio se señala que las competencias investigativas son necesarias en los futuros docentes para que identifiquen como aprenden los alumnos, detecten las posibles diferencias culturales y/o preferencias y diseñen actividades escolares incluyentes, atendiendo a la diversidad existente en la comunidad donde desarrollarán su práctica profesional.
Reflections on Activist Scholarship in the Trump-Bolsonaro Era: Dual Hemisphere Hate Transforms Intellectual Praxis into Political Imperative
Authors: Shayne Julie , Manfredi Jessica
Published: October 2019

In this paper we reflect on the importance of activist scholarship given the frightening global shift to the right, focusing our discussion on Brazil and the U.S. We start by explaining our points of departure as they shape our individual and shared analysis. Next, we recap our first activist scholarship project, the book Taking Risks: Feminist Activism and Research in the Americas, and the definition of activist scholarship used throughout it and thus in this paper. Next, we further expand on the circumstances in the U.S. under Trump and Brazil under Bolsonaro which lead us to claim that this period brings a new urgency to feminist activist scholarship. We close by looking toward a future where the electorates in the northern and southern hemispheres have voted out both Trump and Bolsonaro and activist scholarship is once again a tool of pro-action not reaction and survival.
La diferancia cultural negra en Colombia. Contrapúblicos afrocolombianos
Authors: Valderrama Carlos A.
Published: October 2019

In this article, we outline the black cultural politics with the aim of pointing out how the black cultural difference manifested itself in Colombia. Firstly, we decentralize the concept of social movements for the study of black politics. Secondly, we propose the concept of afrocolombian counterpublics to explore the emergence of black public-spheres discarded by national and international scholars on social movements. And thirdly, we argue that these black public-spheres gave rise to a subaltern structure of politics through which blacks discussed and circulated issues related to race, racism, and black culture; discussions that were not part of official public-spheres (e.g. State, Congress, social sciences, education system, political parties, etc.) and social organizations (Union, leftist, and social organizations).
Results of tailored lateral sphincterotomy for chronic fissure in-ano
Authors: Nikhat Ahemadi Firdous , Ather Mohd Zaheeruddin
Published: October 2019

Background: Fissure-in-ano is one of the common and most painful anorectal conditions encountered in surgical practice. Inspite of several conservative treatment options, surgical treatment in the form of lateral anal sphincterotomy remains the gold standard of treatment for chronic anal fissure, however it is associated with the significant rate of incontinence. This study reviews using a tailored lateral sphincterotomy by selecting the height of internal sphincter to be divided with aim of preserving more sphincter and hence reducing the incontinence rates.Methods: The study was carried out in 50 patients who were diagnosed clinically as chronic anal fissure attending Surgery department of ESIC medical college and hospital, Kalburagi over a period of 6 months from January 2019 to August 2019. Tailored left lateral internal sphincterotomy was performed in all patients. The date was recorded and analysed. Early post-operative follow-up was maintained every week for four weeks or till the fissure healed. Complications mainly incontinence rate was assessed.Results: Common age group was third and fourth decade of life. Pain (100%) was the commonest symptom. Majority of the patients (96%) had posterior fissure. Postoperatively about 97% patients had complete pain relief. Only one patient (2%) in the study reported incontinence to flatus during the first follow-up visit and had minor incontinence and other minimal complications were found.Conclusions: Tailored lateral anal internal sphincterotomy is safe and effective surgical procedure for the management for chronic anal fissure with lower rate of incontinence rate compared to gold standard lateral internal sphincterotomy.
Relation of intraoperative bile culture to the postoperative morbidity in hepatopancreatic and biliary surgeries
Authors: Nisar Sabina , Jan Umer , Gilkar Ishfaq Ahmad , Ali Bangri Sadaf , Reddy Sudershan
Published: October 2019

Background: The reported incidence of bacteria in bile is extremely variable 8%-42%. Several authors have been able to correlate the bacteria cultured from bile at operations with those subsequently causing wound infections and septicemia in postoperative period.Methods: This study was a prospective study conducted in Department of Surgical Gastroenterology at Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences from July 2016 to June 2018. A total of 100 patients were included in study.Results: Mean age of the patients was 43.7±15.01, The most common organism found in our study was Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) in 33.9%, E.coli and Enterococcus faecalis 21%, The monomicrobial infection was due to E coli 11.3%, The patients with bactibilia had more of wound infection 54.8% and intra-abdominal collections 17.7%, most common organism from bile was E. coli and K. pneumonia and same organisms were also cultured from wound sites.Conclusions: The preoperative intervention group should be considered potentially infected, requires careful operative technique to avoid spillage of bile on wound surfaces to decrease infection rates and morbidity.
Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori in cholelithiasis and cholecystitis: by histology and serological association
Authors: Doraiswamy Srinivasan , Kumar Dharmendra , Sreeramulu P. N. , . Suresh
Published: October 2019

Background: Biliary calculus disease is one of the most common disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract. It is an important cause of morbidity. There has been marked rise in the incidence of gall stone disease in the west. In India, it is more common in northern states than in South India. Incidence of gallstones increases with age with a male to female ratio of 1:4. About 50% of these patients are asymptomatic.Methods: An analytical prospective study on patients diagnosed with cholecystitis and/or cholelithiasis was conducted in R. L. Jalappa Hospital Tamaka, Kolar. 58 patients were included in the study between June 2018 and May 2019. Data was collected and analysed using SPSS 22 version software. Categorical data was represented in the form of frequencies and proportions.Results: The age incidence was found to be highest between 31 to 40 years. The incidence of cholelithiasis was more in females. All patients presented with pain abdomen. Calculous cholecystitis was the most common mode of presentation. Open cholecystectomy was commonly done for cholelithiasis in our set up. Chronic calculous cholecystitis is the commonest histopathology.Conclusions: According to our findings evidence of recent and chronic infection Helicobacter pylori as shown by demonstration of IgM and IgG class of antibodies respectively to the organism was found in most of patients and histological evidence of the patients with cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. Thus, the frequency of helicobacter infection seems to be low in the patient population studied.
Follicular neoplasm of the thyroid: can clinical, ultrasonographical and cytological factors be used to predict carcinoma and determine extent of surgery
Authors: Meena Shivraj , Meena Sunita , Saini Seemant
Published: October 2019

Background: The optimal management of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules in follicular neoplasm is controversial. We examined the prevalence of malignancy within cytologically indeterminate follicular thyroid lesions in an attempt to predict malignancy based on clinical, sonographic and cytologic features.Methods: Retrospective study was done in between April 2017 to July 2019 of 46 patients having a diagnosis of follicular neoplasm on fine needle aspiration cytology.Results: A total of 46 patients (8 men, 38 women; mean age 47 year) with indeterminate cytology underwent thyroidectomy and had histopathological diagnoses. The prevalence of malignancy in patients was 34.7%. The size of nodules and ultrasonographic feature were signiﬁcant predictor of malignancy with p value <0.05.Conclusions: Author can predict malignancy in follicular neoplasm of thyroid with indeterminate nodule by using clinical and sonographic feature for the best compromise between the risk of missing carcinomas and the need for reducing unnecessary surgical procedures and cost benefit of the patients.
Plication: an innovative method of treating piles
Authors: Pattanayak Sibaprashad , Kumar Manish , Patro Santosh Kumar , Behera Manoj Kumar
Published: October 2019

Background: The cause of haemorrhoids remains unknown. Factors contributing to haemorrhoids are constipation, prolonged squatting, pregnancy, aging, heredity, portal hypertension, abdominal tumour etc.Methods: This prospective study was carried out in department of surgery, M.K.C.G MCH, Berhampur, Odisha, India from 01st August 1995 to 31st July 2017. Patients from both sex and different age groups having haemorrhoids were included. Patients with piles secondary to anorectal tumours, prolapsed and thrombosed piles, anorectal pathology like fissure were excluded from study. Preoperative, intraoperative interventions and postoperative care were carried out according to laid procedure described below.Results: Total 1014 patients of piles were selected for plication and conventional haemorrhoidectomy and most of them were between 31-50 years of age while 362 cases underwent plication, rest 346 cases were treated with haemorrhoidectomy. All patients in this study had bleeding per rectum as the main symptom. Out of 507 patients which has been examined for plication, 272 (53.65%) had 2nd degree, 235 (46.35%) had 3rd degree piles. Results of plication of piles are satisfactory and only 4% patients had pain for which long term analgesics were given.Conclusions: Treatment of haemorrhoids is well debated topic and various methods are being used by surgeons all over world. Plication of piles appears to have significant advantages over conventional methods in terms of patient comfort, duration of stay in hospital and incidence of complications. Literature on this subject is briefly reviewed.
Remnant intrapancreatic choledochal cyst with symptomatic cystolithiasis
Authors: Muthalampet Karthi , Anbalagan Amudhan , Shanmugasundaram Rajendran
Published: October 2019

A young female who had undergone choledochal cyst excision as a child presented with retained stone in the remnant intrapancreatic choledochal cyst which caused acute pancreatitis. This case is being reported to emphasise the importance of excising the choledochal cyst through the entire dilated part and to report the possibility of patients having symptoms due to protein plugs or retained stone in the intrapancreatic remnant.
Rare case of giant retroperitoneal sarcoma
Authors: Ghatnekar Aditya , Nichkaode Prabhat , Athavale V. S. , Tonape Trupti , Patil Kuldip , Srilikhitha K. , Ranka Miten , Balasubramanyam Sreekumar , Gogineni Jyotsna
Published: October 2019

Schwannomas are benign nerve sheath tumors. Malignant schwannomas have been reported in literature but they frequently originate from the conversion of plexiform neurofibromatosis rather from the malignant degeneration of a benign schwannoma. Large retroperitoneal schwannomas are extremely rare tumours. They usually reach a large size when they arise retroperitoneally, which might raise suspicion for malignancy. Such tumors predominate in women schwannomas are usually solitary, slow growing and non- aggressive neoplasm usually found in head and neck region. Retroperitoneal schwannomas are usually large size are rare and are difficult to diagnose clinically. Nevertheless, the mainstay of management remains surgical removal and alternatively, the radio-therapy may prove to be effective. This case report of a 55 yrs male is based on such a patient in whom the diagnosis was established with great difficulty and intraoperative findings were something we had never encountered before.
Mesenteric schwannoma: a rarity or rising trend?
Authors: Swaminathan Subramaniam , Joseph Jebin , Kumar Arun
Published: October 2019

Schwannomas are neurogenic, benign, well circumscribed tumors arising from schwann cells. Schwann cells are neural originating cell. These are either sporadic or inherited with sporadic being most common. In about 3% of patients, association with neuro-fibromatosis 2 gene is documented. Primary mesenteric schwannoma is extremely rare with establishing a pre-operative diagnosis almost impossible. Imaging modalities including computed tomography as well as MRI fails to make a diagnosis due to the non-specific characteristics. Surgery is curative with histopathological examination and immunostaining establishing the final diagnosis post-operatively. Immunostaining helps in differentiating it from other conditions such as gastro-intestinal stromal tumors as well as malignancies. Rarity of this condition make this case report of a 32-year-old male unique.
Gossypiboma: case report and review of literature
Authors: Ram Tulasi , Dahiya Divya , Naik Anil
Published: October 2019

Gossypiboma or retained surgical sponge is an entirely preventable surgical complication; it is associated with significant morbidity to patient and medico legal issues to the surgeon. Clinical presentation depends upon location of the foreign body and tissue reaction to the foreign body. Pre-operative diagnosis is the most difficult part and treatment of choice is surgery. A 30 year female presented with 16 months history of gradually increasing lump on left side of lower abdomen following a caeserian section. Ultrasonography was suggestive of infected mesenteric cyst and contrast enhanced computed tomography scan of abdomen was suggestive of either chronic abscess or gossypiboma. She was treated surgically; intra-operatively there was a 10×10 cm well circumscribed lesion in sigmoid mesentery which was adherent to sigmoid colon. It was a single surgical sponge with about 1000 ml of pus. Gossypiboma is an entirely avoidable surgical complication which is associated with significant morbidity and medico-legal implications. Meticulous counts with thorough exploration of site before closure can lessen the undue morbidity or mortality. Radio frequency identification verification by barcode scanner can reduce the error rate.
Penile strangulation due to metallic ring: a surgical emergency
Authors: Saroj Jitendra Kumar , Ahmad Arshad , Sachan Ankit , Yadav Ganesh
Published: October 2019

Penile strangulation is a very rare but most serious clinical condition. It usually results from positioning of any foreign object at base of penis for sexual stimulation. If urgent intervention is not done this may lead to serious complications even death? In this study usual common method were unsuccessful therefore partial penectomy was done.
Thrombosis of popliteal artery aneurysm with cutaneous microembolism of toes
Authors: Nambiar Harilal , Manappallil Robin George , Valayanad Pramod , Madayambath Anoop
Published: October 2019

Popliteal artery aneurysms (PAAs) are rare, and usually affect men over 60 years of age with established cardiovascular disease due to atherosclerosis. They can also be congenital or can occur due to trauma, mycotic aneurysm, popliteal entrapment or inflammatory arteritis. This is a case of a 95 year old male, with history of recent subdural hematoma, who presented with acute onset right lower limb pain and edema. He was found to have right PAA with thrombosis which was throwing cutaneous microemboli to the toes. He underwent open aneurysm repair with Dacron graft and thrombectomy and improved.
Prevalence of nutritional deficiencies among school going adolescents of Vadodara, Gujarat, India: a cross sectional study
Authors: Bhalsod Ashish Shamjibhai , Dave Nisarg N. , Thakor Nilesh
Published: October 2019

Background: Adolescent constitutes over 23% of the population in India. Critical development occurs during adolescence period. Growth spurt and increase in physical activity during adolescent period increases the nutrition and health needs of the adolescent. Objective was to study prevalence of nutritional deficiencies among school going adolescents of Vadodara city, Gujarat.Methods: The study was carried during period from September 2018 to August 2019. After taking the permission of principals of 3 schools and consent of the parents of adolescents, 511 adolescents from 3 schools of Vadodara city were examined for signs of various nutritional deficiencies. The data was collected by predesign, pretested proforma and analyzed using SPSS 17.0 (Trial Version).Results: Out of total 511 adolescents 253(49.5%) were female. Mean age of the study adolescents was 15.6±1.81 years. Maximum numbers of the adolescents were in the age group of 10-14 years (60.3%). Mean age of female and male adolescents was 15.2±1.71 years and 15.6±2.01 years respectively. The study revealed that vitamin A deficiency was present in 38(7.4%) adolescents. Vitamin B complex deficiency signs were seen in 112(21.9%) adolescents. Vitamin C deficiency signs were seen in 43(8.4%) adolescents. Protein Energy Malnutrition was observed in 52(10.1%) adolescents. Essential fatty acid deficiency was observed in 56(10.9%) adolescents.Conclusions: High prevalence of nutritional deficiencies among these adolescents needs great attention and health education.
Completeness of informed consent in supporting national standard accreditation of patient and family rights 5 hospitals at Ropanasuri surgical special hospital in Padang
Authors: . Yastori
Published: October 2019

Background: Completeness of informed consent is one indicator in supporting the accreditation of national hospital standards through the assessment of patient and family rights (PFR) assessment standards 5. In the health service process, informed consent can also be used as evidence and has a strong legal value in the form of a sheet of paper containing the doctor’s explanation about the diagnosis of the disease and the actions that will be performed on the patient.Methods: This research uses descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The population used was the entire patient medical record file in 2018, which was 3.093 medical record files. Sampling was done by random sampling using a formula according to Notoatmodjo for the calculation of the number of samples and obtained 355 files of medical records. Data processing using Microsoft Excel computer programs. For observing the completeness of the standard rights of patients and families using national standards for hospital accreditation.Results: Based on the analysis of 355 medical record files at Ropanasuri specialty hospital it is known that 296 pieces of informed consent were filled in with a percentage of 83.38%, 59 sheets of informed consent were incomplete with a percentage of 16.62%. The results showed the greatest incompleteness found in filling the informed consent items of witness signatures of 2.81%, providing information on the completeness of filling the doctor's identity by 2.54% and the name of the witness 1.70% on filling the authentication.Conclusions: 296 pieces of informed consent were filled in with a percentage of 83.38%, 59 sheets of informed consent were incomplete with a percentage of 16.62%.
Household survey on attitude and practice toward dengue infection among rural dwellers
Authors: Hamfadi Nur Shafikah , Rasudin Nur Syahmina , Abdul Ghafar Noraini
Published: October 2019

Background: Dengue fever is the most important mosquito-borne disease that has rapidly spread in tropical regions of the world in recent years. Due to absence of vaccine, the only method available is to prevent and control dengue is by preventing transmission of the disease. However, the control needs support, cooperation and participation from community. The objective of this study is to assess the current level of knowledge, attitude and practice toward dengue fever among the community living in rural area, beside to ascertain the association between those three domains, and to evaluate the effect of sociodemographic factors toward them.Methods: A cross sectional survey was performed among 202 respondents dwelling in rural area, whom were selected through stratified random sampling. Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward dengue fever were assessed through a set of self-administered validated questionnaire.Results: The community had moderate level of knowledge (64.4%), positive attitude (79.7%), and good level of practices (65.3%) on dengue fever. Television was the main source of information on dengue fever (76.2%). From the result, there were significant association between level of education with practice on dengue fever (p=0.001). The result also shown that there was significant association between knowledge and practice in the community (p=0.008).Conclusions: More health education programmes should be organized to increase knowledge and help the translation of knowledge into practice of prevention.
Evaluation of a maternal, neonatal and child health intervention package in a rural district of Pakistan: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Habib Muhammad Atif , Black Kirsten I. , Greenow Camille Raynes , Mirani Mushtaq , Muhammad Sajid , Shaheen Fariha , Khadka Monika Christofori , Vondeling Annette , Ariff Shabina , Soofi Sajid Bashir
Published: October 2019

Background: Pakistan is among the countries which have the highest maternal, neonatal and child mortality rates. Immediate efforts are required to enable Pakistan to achieve the health related sustainable development goals. The continuum of care interventions can substantially reduce the mortality burden, however local evidence to implement them is lacking in Pakistan. We implemented the maternal, neonatal and child health intervention package comprised of health facility strengthening, capacity building, continuum of care interventions and community mobilization and evaluated its effectiveness on maternal, neonatal and child health care practices and neonatal mortality.Methods: The intervention package was delivered through existing public health system in a rural district of Pakistan. We used a quasi-experimental design to assess the impact of interventions. Baseline and end line surveys were conducted and neonatal mortality was considered as the primary outcome measure. Data were analysed using bivariate and difference and difference analysis techniques.Results: We found a reduced risk of neonatal mortality (RR 0.704; 95% CI 0.557-0.889; p=0.0033), in intervention areas compared to control area. For secondary outcomes; including mortality for infants and under five children, antenatal care, skilled birth attendance, institutional deliveries, postnatal care, delayed bathing, inappropriate cord care practices, birth asphyxia, exclusive breastfeeding and immunization a significant difference (p<0.001) was observed in the intervention area compared to control area.Conclusions: This study provides local evidence from Pakistan that effective methods for delivering MNCH interventions within the existing health infrastructure can improve the MNCH outcomes especially in the rural areas.