bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN REMOVAL FROM WASTEWATER IN COLD PERIOD / BIOLOGINIS AZOTO JUNGINIŲ ŠALINIMAS IŠ NUOTEKŲ ŠALTUOJU LAIKOTARPIU
Authors: Paulionytė Skaistė , Mažeikienė Aušra
Published: November 2016

Today the number of individual wastewater treatment plants in the country is increasing. Popular are biological treatment, activated sludge-based operating units. There are almost no data on how the wastewater disposed of nitrogen compounds, especially in the cold (winter) period. The article analyzes the small domestic wastewater treatment plant AT-6 available in the main clean-up indicators (pH, T, SS, BOD7, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen concentrations). The investigation period as the AT-6 type device treated wastewater in line with the general requirements of the natural environment, effluents (depending on the temperature, odor, pH, and SS, BOD7 concentrations). Nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen concentrations in the effluent of the device did not exceed the requirements into the natural environment effluents. Ammonium nitrogen concentration in the treated wastewater the entire study period exceeded requirements (5 m. / l) of the discharge into the natural environment. It should be more research during the cold months to confirm this. Šiandien individualių buitinių nuotekų valymo įrenginių skaičius šalyje vis didėja. Populiarūs biologinio valymo veikliojo dumblo pagrindu veikiantys įrenginiai. Beveik nėra duomenų, kaip iš nuotekų šalinami azoto junginiai, ypač šaltuoju (žiemos) laikotarpiu. Straipsnyje analizuojami mažu buitinių nuotekų biologinio valymo įrenginiu AT-6 pasiekiami pagrindiniai išvalymo rodikliai (pH, temperatūra, SM, BDS7, nitratų azoto, nitritų azoto, amonio azoto koncentracijos). Tyrimų laikotarpiu AT-6 tipo įrenginiu išvalytos nuotekos atitiko bendruosius reikalavimus į gamtinę aplinką išleidžiamoms nuotekoms (pagal temperatūrą, kvapą, pH, SM ir BDS7 koncentracijas). Nitratų azoto ir nitritų azoto koncentracijos įrenginio ištakyje neviršijo reikalavimų į gamtinę aplinką išleidžiamoms nuotekoms. Amonio azoto koncentracija išvalytose nuotekose visą tyrimo laikotarpį viršijo reikalavimus (5 mg/l) išleidžiant nuotekas į gamtinę aplinką. Reikėtų atlikti daugiau tyrimų šaltuoju metų laikotarpiu rezultatams patvirtinti.
EVOLUTIONARY ANALYSIS OF GASEOUS SUB-NEPTUNE-MASS PLANETS WITH MESA
Authors: Chen Howard , Rogers Leslie A.
Published: November 2016

Sub-Neptune-sized exoplanets represent the most common types of planets in the Milky Way, yet many of their properties are unknown. Here, we present a prescription to adapt the capabilities of the stellar evolution toolkit Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics to model sub-Neptune-mass planets with H/He envelopes. With the addition of routines treating the planet core luminosity, heavy-element enrichment, atmospheric boundary condition, and mass-loss due to hydrodynamic winds, the evolutionary pathways of planets with diverse starting conditions are more accurately constrained. Using these dynamical models, we construct mass-composition relationships of planets from 1–400 M
⊕ and investigate how mass-loss impacts their composition and evolution history. We demonstrate that planet radii are typically insensitive to the evolution pathway that brought the planet to its instantaneous mass, composition and age, with variations from hysteresis

. We find that planet envelope mass-loss timescales,

, vary non-monotonically with H/He envelope mass fractions (at fixed planet mass). In our simulations of young (100 Myr) low-mass (

) planets with rocky cores,

is maximized at

to 3%. The resulting convergent mass-loss evolution could potentially imprint itself on the close-in planet population as a preferred H/He mass fraction of

. Looking ahead, we anticipate that this numerical code will see widespread applications complementing both 3D models and observational exoplanet surveys.
THE FIRST SIMULTANEOUS MICROLENSING OBSERVATIONS BY TWO SPACE TELESCOPES: SPITZER AND SWIFT REVEAL A BROWN DWARF IN EVENT OGLE-2015-BLG-1319
Authors: Shvartzvald Y. , Li Z. , Udalski A. , Gould A. , Sumi T. , Street R. A. , Novati S. Calchi , Hundertmark M. , Bozza V. , Beichman C. , Bryden G. , Carey S. , Drummond J. , Fausnaugh M. , Gaudi B. S. , Henderson C. B. , Tan T. G. , Wibking B. , Pogge R. W. , Yee J. C. , Zhu W. ,   (Spitzer team), Tsapras Y. , Bachelet E. , Dominik M. , Bramich D. M. , Cassan A. , Jaimes R. Figuera , Horne K. , Ranc C. , Schmidt R. , Snodgrass C. , Wambsganss J. , Steele I. A. , Menzies J. , Mao S. ,   (RoboNet), Poleski R. , Pawlak M. , Szymański M. K. , Skowron J. , Mróz P. , Kozłowski S. , Wyrzykowski Ł. , Pietrukowicz P. , Soszyński I. , Ulaczyk K. ,   (OGLE group), Abe F. , Asakura Y. , Barry R. K. , Bennett D. P. , Bhattacharya A. , Bond I. A. , Freeman M. , Hirao Y. , Itow Y. , Koshimoto N. , Li M. C. A. , Ling C. H. , Masuda K. , Fukui A. , Matsubara Y. , Muraki Y. , Nagakane M. , Nishioka T. , Ohnishi K. , Oyokawa H. , Rattenbury N. J. , Saito To. , Sharan A. , Sullivan D. J. , Suzuki D. , Tristram P. J. , Yonehara A. ,   (MOA group), Jørgensen U. G. , Burgdorf M. J. , Ciceri S. , D’Ago G. , Evans D. F. , Hinse T. C. , Kains N. , Kerins E. , Korhonen H. , Mancini L. , Popovas A. , Rabus M. , Rahvar S. , Scarpetta G. , Skottfelt J. , Southworth J. , Peixinho N. , Verma P. ,   (MiNDSTEp), Sbarufatti B. , Kennea J. A. , Gehrels N. ,   (Swift)
Published: November 2016

Simultaneous observations of microlensing events from multiple locations allow for the breaking of degeneracies between the physical properties of the lensing system, specifically by exploring different regions of the lens plane and by directly measuring the “microlens parallax.” We report the discovery of a 30–65M

J
brown dwarf orbiting a K dwarf in the microlensing event OGLE-2015-BLG-1319. The system is located at a distance of ∼5 kpc toward the Galactic Bulge. The event was observed by several ground-based groups as well as by Spitzer and Swift, allowing a measurement of the physical properties. However, the event is still subject to an eight-fold degeneracy, in particular the well-known close-wide degeneracy, and thus the projected separation between the two lens components is either ∼0.25 au or ∼45 au. This is the first microlensing event observed by Swift, with the UVOT camera. We study the region of microlensing parameter space to which Swift is sensitive, finding that though Swift could not measure the microlens parallax with respect to ground-based observations for this event, it can be important for other events. Specifically, it is important for detecting nearby brown dwarfs and free-floating planets in high magnification events.
MULTIFRACTAL SOLAR EUV INTENSITY FLUCTUATIONS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR CORONAL HEATING MODELS
Authors: Cadavid A. C. , Rivera Y. J. , Lawrence J. K. , Christian D. J. , Jennings P. J. , Rappazzo A. F.
Published: November 2016

We investigate the scaling properties of the long-range temporal evolution and intermittency of Atmospheric Imaging Assembly/Solar Dynamics Observatory intensity observations in four solar environments: an active region core, a weak emission region, and two core loops. We use two approaches: the probability distribution function (PDF) of time series increments and multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA). Noise taints the results, so we focus on the 171 Å waveband, which has the highest signal-to-noise ratio. The lags between pairs of wavebands distinguish between coronal versus transition region (TR) emission. In all physical regions studied, scaling in the range of 15–45 minutes is multifractal, and the time series are anti-persistent on average. The degree of anti-correlation in the TR time series is greater than that for coronal emission. The multifractality stems from long-term correlations in the data rather than the wide distribution of intensities. Observations in the 335 Å waveband can be described in terms of a multifractal with added noise. The multiscaling of the extreme-ultraviolet data agrees qualitatively with the radiance from a phenomenological model of impulsive bursts plus noise, and also from ohmic dissipation in a reduced magnetohydrodynamic model for coronal loop heating. The parameter space must be further explored to seek quantitative agreement. Thus, the observational “signatures” obtained by the combined tests of the PDF of increments and the MF-DFA offer strong constraints that can systematically discriminate among models for coronal heating.
MERGING BLACK HOLE BINARIES IN GALACTIC NUCLEI: IMPLICATIONS FOR ADVANCED-LIGO DETECTIONS
Authors: Antonini Fabio , Rasio Frederic A.
Published: November 2016

Motivated by the recent detection of gravitational waves from the black hole binary merger GW150914, we study the dynamical evolution of (stellar-mass) black holes in galactic nuclei, where massive star clusters reside. With masses of

and sizes of only a few parsecs, nuclear star clusters (NSCs) are the densest stellar systems observed in the local universe and represent a robust environment where black hole binaries can dynamically form, harden, and merge. We show that due to their large escape speeds, NSCs can retain a large fraction of their merger remnants. Successive mergers can then lead to significant growth and produce black hole mergers of several tens of solar masses similar to GW150914 and up to a few hundreds of solar masses, without the need to invoke extremely low metallicity environments. We use a semi-analytical approach to describe the dynamics of black holes in massive star clusters. Our models give a black hole binary merger rate of

from NSCs, implying up to a few tens of possible detections per year with Advanced LIGO. Moreover, we find a local merger rate of

for high mass black hole binaries similar to GW150914; a merger rate comparable to or higher than that of similar binaries assembled dynamically in globular clusters (GCs). Finally, we show that if all black holes receive high natal kicks,

, then NSCs will dominate the local merger rate of binary black holes compared to either GCs or isolated binary evolution.
Designing for Human Factors in the Technology-Intensive Domain of Fighter Aircraft
Authors: Alfredson Jens , Andersson Rikard
Published: November 2016

This paper aims at describing how to design for human factors in the technology-intensive domain of fighter aircraft. Similar to space industry, the fighter aircraft industry has to manage technology-intensive development where the end user often has implicit or explicit human factors requirements or expectations that has to be managed though design. This paper describes the specifics of the domain of fighter aircraft development with examples of what is special and design concepts to handle it. Specifically useful human factors' considerations are highlighted and recommended approaches for managing human factors in development of fighter aircraft are described.
The peritoneum and abdominal sepsis
Authors: Weledji Elroy Patrick , Elong Felix Adolphe
Published: November 2016

Complicated intra-abdominal infections are an important cause of morbidity and may be associated with poor prognosis. The understanding of the pathophysiology of the peritoneum in the manifestation of abdominal sepsis and knowledge of the source of pathogenic organisms, which reach the peritoneal cavity, are crucial to the prevention of intra-abdominal surgical infection. The ability to identify the presence or absence of peritoneal inflammation probably has the greatest influence on the final surgical decision. This article reviewed the role and impact of the peritoneum in abdominal sepsis.
Incisional Hernia Repair in Contaminated Surgical fields (I.H.R.C.S.) study using biological prostheses in emergency surgery setting with contaminated hernias: a multicenter prospective observational study
Authors: De Simone Belinda , Catena Fausto , Biondi Antonio , Baiocchi Gianluca , Campanile Fabio , Coccolini Federico , Testini Mario , Di Saverio Salomone , Sartelli Massimo , Heyer Arianna , Ansaloni Luca
Published: November 2016

There are still difficulties to find appropriate indication for prosthetic implant in hernia surgery in contaminated surgical fields. Biologic prosthetic materials have been developed and proposed for the clinical use in contaminated surgical fields with interesting outcomes. The aim of this study is to analyze data from nine Italian Emergency Surgery Units concerning patients consecutively admitted with diagnosis of strangulated incisional hernia (IH), submitted to surgery in emergency and treated with biological prostheses. This is a prospective observational study. Subjects submitted to singlestaged IH repair in a contaminated surgical field, with the use of biologic mesh, were prospectively studied over a 1-year time period. All patients enrolled in this study were submitted to bowel/intestinal resection at the same operative time for perforation. Primary end points of our study were wound complication and hernia recurrence. Seventy-one patients were enrolled (F=21, M=50); the mean age was 69.2±11.1 standard deviation (SD) years and the mean American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) score was 3.1±0.8 SD. Twenty-one patients (29.57%) had a wound complication, associated with high ASA score, diabetes, smoking, chronic immunosuppression, number of previous hernia repairs, dirty surgical field, sublay extra peritoneal mesh placement and no anterior fascia closure. After a mean follow up time of 27.2 months, hernia recurrence occurred in 19 patients (26.76%). Predictors of hernia recurrence included wound complications, high ASA score, diabetes, chronic immunosuppression, dirty surgical field and sublay extra peritoneal mesh placement. Use of biological prostheses in contaminated fields is safe with favorable medium term recurrence rate (26.76% in our experience). Surgical technique performed is important to decrease hernia recurrence rate.
Client's immersed and distanced speech and therapist's interventions in emotion-focused therapy for depression: an intensive analysis of a case study
Authors: Couto Ana Bela , Barbosa Eunice , Silva Sara , Bento Tiago , Teixeira Ana Sofia , Salgado Joào , Cunha Carla
Published: November 2016

Previous laboratory studies have explored the importance of participants adopting an immersed or distanced perspective in the analysis of their experiences. These studies concluded that distancing allows analyzing emotions in a healthier way and immersion leads to higher vulnerability. However, in psychotherapy, the relationship between these perspectives and clinical change has been less investigated. The present study aims to contribute to understanding how these variables evolve during psychotherapy and also to explore the therapistâ€™s contributions to this process. This study analyzes a good-outcome case of emotion-focused therapy for depression through two observational measures of psychotherapy process: the measure of immersed and distanced speech â€“ which identifies clientâ€™s adoption of an immersed or distanced stance when talking about their problems â€“ and the helping skills system â€“ which identifies therapistâ€™s interventions focused on exploration, insight or action. Results showed a decrease of immersed speech and an increase of distanced speech along the process, with a higher frequency of exploration skills preceding both types of clientâ€™s speech. Finally, the evolution of therapistâ€™s and clientâ€™s speech showed a reasonable flexibility of therapeutic dialogue throughout the sessions, in particular due to the evolution of client variables (evidencing a higher diversity of behaviors).
Evaluation of a dialectical behavior therapy-informed partial hospital program: outcome data and exploratory analyses
Authors: Lothes II John E. , Mochrie Kirk D. , Quickel Emalee J.W. , St. John Jane
Published: November 2016

The use of dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) among a variety of programs and patients has recently exploded. Of particular interest is the use of DBT in partial hospital (PH) programs due to the high number of severely ill and suicidal patients who participate in these programs. Recently, Lothes, Mochrie and St. John (2014) examined data from a local DBT-informed PH program and found significant reductions in depression, anxiety, hopelessness, and degree of suffering from intake to discharge. The present study examined these same four symptom constructs by assessing intake and discharge data for additional individuals enrolled in this DBT-informed PH program. In addition, lengths of stay and acuity ratings were analyzed to explore the relationship between these variables and symptom constructs. Significant symptom reduction in depression, anxiety, hopelessness, and degree of suffering from intake to discharge was found among high and medium acuity patients, replicating the results of Lothes et al. (2014). Further, individuals with the highest acuity saw the largest reduction in hopelessness symptoms the longer they participated in the program (i.e., a significant interaction effect between acuity and length of stay). This is meaningful given the connection between hopelessness and suicidal ideation/action, which is of particular concern for those charged with treating clinical populations. DBT-informed PH programs may be a cost-effective and useful way to treat high-risk patients who come from inpatient facilities. Future studies may wish to create follow-up periods (i.e., 3 months, 6 months) post-discharge to assess if symptom reduction remains.
Mental footnotes: knowledge constructivism from logical thinking to personal beliefs and therapy
Authors: Vilchez Jose L.
Published: November 2016

The cognitive system has to carry out tasks that require mental activity, which is tiresome. Therefore, daily life demands that the system saves energy in order to be able to solve relevant problems. If we had to reason every single problem that was presented to us, our mental load and fatigue would increase immeasurably. Our minds can avoid the unnecessary waste of resources by taking a shortcut when reasoning. The output of previous reasoning turns into pieces of implicit information that constitute the meanings we give to things or circumstances, as the general framework where other reasoning occurs. These implicit meanings determine the manner we represent our environment and, therefore, our beliefs, emotions and behaviors. These mental footnotes set the manner in which we contemplate and conceive the world and we deal with reality. The better we understand these processes, the better we can control and restructure them, and even capitalize on their functioning for therapy.
Comments on ‘A critique of “A re-evaluation of tense in isiZulu”’ by Lionel Posthumus
Authors: Groenewald Manie
Published: November 2016

No abstract availible.
Satellite retrievals of dust aerosol over the Red Sea, 2005–2015
Authors: Banks Jamie R. , Brindley Helen E. , Stenchikov Georgiy , Schepanski Kerstin
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The inter-annual variability of dust aerosol presence over the Red Sea is analysed, with respect to the summer-time latitudinal gradient in dust loading, which is at a maximum in the far south of the Red Sea and at a minimum in the far north. Two satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) products from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) and the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments are used to quantify this loading over the region. Over an eleven-year period from 2005–2015 the July mean SEVIRI AODs at 630 nm vary between 0.48 and 1.45 in the southern half of the Sea, while in the north this varies between 0.22 and 0.66. Validating the AOD retrievals using ship-based measurements from 2010–2015, both instrument retrievals are highly correlated with the surface measurements, with biases of +0.02 for SEVIRI and +0.03 for MODIS. However, inter-retrieval biases are observed to occur at higher dust loadings, with pronounced positive MODIS-SEVIRI AOD biases at AODs greater than ~1. Co-located MISR data indicate broadly equal but opposite biases by the two retrievals when the MISR AOD > 1, +0.12 for MODIS and −0.10 for SEVIRI as compared with MISR, indicating substantial and systematic differences between the retrievals over the Red Sea at high dust loadings.
Atmospheric aerosol compositions over the South China Sea: Temporal
variability and source apportionment
Authors: Xiao Hong-Wei , Xiao Hua-Yun , Luo Li , Shen Chun-Yan , Long Ai-Min , Chen Lin , Long Zhen-Hua , Li Da-Ning
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Major inorganic chemical ionic concentrations (Na+, Cl−, SO42−, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, NH4+, NO3−) were determined in total suspended particulates (TSP) at Yongxing Island in the South China Sea (SCS), from March 2014 to February 2015. The annual average concentration of TSP was 89.6 ± 68.0 μg/m3, with 114.7 ± 82.1, 60.4 ± 27.0, and 59.5 ± 25.6 μg/m3 in cool, warm, and transition seasons, respectively. Cl− had the highest concentration, with an annual average of 7.73 ± 5.99 μg/m3, followed by SO42− (5.54 ± 3.65 μg/m3), Na+ (4.00 ± 1.88 μg/m3), Ca2+ (2.15 ± 1.54 μg/m3), NO3− (1.95 ± 1.34 μg/m3), Mg2+ (0.44 ± 0.33 μg/m3), K+ (0.33 ± 0.22 μg/m3), and NH4+ (0.07 ± 0.07 μg/m3). Concentrations of TSP and the major ions showed seasonal variations, higher in the cool season and lower in the warm and transition seasons, which were influenced by wind speed, temperature, relatively humidity, rain, and air masses. Back trajectories, concentration weighted trajectories (CWT), and positive matrix factorization (PMF) of chemical compositions were analyzed for source apportionment, source contribution, and spatio-temporal variation of major ions. Back trajectories and CWTs showed that air masses at Yongxing Island were mainly from the northeast, southwest, and southeast in the cool, warm, and transition seasons, respectively. Na+ and Cl− were mainly from sea salt, which made up 74 % and 82 %, respectively. Asian dust contributed 50 % of Ca2+ to the marine aerosols. Anthropogenic sources were very important for atmospheric aerosols over the island. Fossil fuel combustion (especially coal in Chinese coastal regions) was the important sources of NO3− (56 %) and SO42− (22 %). Biomass burning in Asia accounted for 41 % of K+. 69 % of NH4+ and 38 % of SO42− were of marine biogenic sources.
Radiation fog formation alerts using attenuated backscatter power from automatic lidars and ceilometers
Authors: Haeffelin Martial , Laffineur Quentin , Bravo-Aranda Juan-Antonio , Drouin Marc-Antoine , Casquero-Vera Juan-Andrés , Dupont Jean-Charles , De Backer Hugo
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Radiation fog occurs over many locations around the world in stable atmospheric conditions. Air traffic at busy airports can be significantly disrupted because low visibility at the ground makes it unsafe to take off, land and taxi on the ground. Current numerical weather prediction forecasts are able to predict general conditions favorable for fog formation, but not the exact time or location of fog occurrence. A selected set of observations available in near-real time at strategic locations could also be useful to track the evolution of key processes and key parameters that drive fog formation. Such observations could complement the information predicted by numerical weather prediction (NWP) models that is made available to airport forecasters in support of their fog forecast. This paper presents an experimental setup based on collocated automatic lidar and ceilometer measurements, relative humidity measurements and horizontal visibility measurements to study hygroscopic growth of fog condensation nuclei. This process can take several minutes to hours, and can be tracked using lidar- or ceilometer-attenuated backscatter profiles. Based on hygroscopic growth laws we derive a set of parameters that can be used to provide alerts minutes to hours prior to formation of radiation fog. We present an algorithm that uses the temporal evolution of attenuated backscatter measurements to derive pre-fog formation alerts. The performance of the algorithm is tested on 45 independent pre-fog situations at two locations (near Paris, France, and Brussels, Belgium). We find that an alert for pre-fog conditions predominantly occurs 10–50 min prior to fog formation at an altitude ranging 0 to 100 m above ground. In a few cases, alerts can occur up to 100 min prior to fog formation. Alert durations are found to be sensitive to the relative humidity conditions found a few hours prior to the fog.
Urbanisation-related land use change from forest and pasture into turf grass modifies soil nitrogen cycling and increases N2O emissions
Authors: van Delden Lona , Rowlings David W. , Scheer Clemens , Grace Peter R.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Urbanisation is becoming increasingly important in terms of climate change and ecosystem functionality worldwide. We are only beginning to understand how the processes of urbanisation influence ecosystem dynamics, making peri-urban environments more vulnerable to nutrient losses. Brisbane in South East Queensland has the most extensive urban sprawl of all Australian cities. This research estimated the environmental impact of land use change associated with urbanisation by examining soil nitrogen (N) turnover and subsequent nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions using a fully automated system that measured emissions on a sub-daily basis. There was no significant difference in soil N2O emissions between the native dry sclerophyll eucalypt forest and an extensively grazed pasture, wherefrom only low annual emissions were observed amounting to 0.1 and 0.2 kg N2O ha−1 yr−1, respectively. The establishment of a fertilised turf grass lawn increased soil N2O emissions 18-fold (1.8 kg N2O ha−1 yr−1), with highest emissions occurring in the first 2 months after establishment. Once established, the turf grass lawn presented relatively low N2O emissions for the rest of the year, even after fertilisation and rain events. Soil moisture was significantly higher, and mineralised N accumulated in the fallow plots, resulting in the highest N2O emissions (2.8 kg N2O ha−1 yr−1) and significant nitrate (NO3−) losses, with up to 63 kg N ha−1 lost from a single rain event due to reduced plant cover removal. The study concludes that urbanisation processes creating peri-urban ecosystems can greatly modify N cycling and increase the potential for losses in the form of N2O and NO3−.
Glacio-archaeological evidence of warmer climate during the Little Ice Age
in the Miyar basin, Lahul Himalaya, India
Authors: Saini Rakesh , Sharma Milap Chand , Deswal Sanjay , Barr Iestyn David , Kumar Parvendra
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Impressive glacio-archaeological evidence is described from the Miyar basin, Lahul Himalaya, India. Three ruins, namely Tharang, Phundang and Patam are identified along with evidence for past settlement and rich irrigation practices in the basin. These ruins are located in the end moraine complex of Tharang glacier, just ~ 2–3 km from the present glacier snout. Reconstruction of these ruins was undertaken based on mapping and radiocarbon (14C) dating. The radiocarbon dates (9 samples were dated) indicate that the settlement was occupied between cal AD ~ 1170 and cal AD ~ 1730, thereby encompassing the majority of Little Ice Age period. The settlement’s occupation at ~ 3700 m a.s.l. (whereas present habitation is restricted to areas below ~ 3500 m  a.s.l.) for almost ~ 550 years during the 12th to 17th centuries suggest warmer conditions than today. Moreover, the study finds no evidence to suggest any noticeable glacier advance during this period.
Fundamentalism and Democracy: A Dynamic Perspective
Authors: Correani Luca
Published: November 2016

We analyse the dynamics of the distribution of democratic values in a population where
agents have heterogeneous preferences about democracy, distinguishing between
fundamentalist-antidemocratic agents and pro-democracy agents. Cultural traits and norms
are acquired through a process of intergenerational cultural transmission and socialization.
The driving force in the equilibrium selection process is the education effort exerted by
parents; this depends on the distribution of democratic values in the population and on
expectations about future policies affecting formal and informal institutions.
The main result is that when fundamentalism is sufficiently diffused in all institutional
dimensions of social life, the imposition of formal democratic rules do not significantly affect
social preferences. On the other hand the model shows how a cruel fundamentalist
dictatorship cannot wholly destroy democratic preferences in the population; the sole result is
a fictitious homologation of manifested attitudes, with no preferences dynamics and the
previous real attitudes immediately emerging as soon as dictatorship falls.
The Protestant Reception of Jan Hus in Great Britain and the American Colonies
Authors: Schwanda Tom
Published: November 2016

Czech reformer Jan Hus (c. 1372–1415) has enjoyed a venerated place in Protestantism. Martin Luther's initial disdain for him was quickly transformed once he read Hus's sermons. Instead of rehearsing the literature of the early Protestants the article researches the untapped documents of the early modern period. In particular, the reception of Hus is traced in the writings of seventeenth-century British and American Puritans and eighteenth-century British and American Evangelicals. The ecclesiastical histories from this same period are also examined and provide a fuller and more critical exploration into Hus's life, especially his trial at Constance. Throughout these writings Hus has been highly acclaimed and celebrated as a champion of truth amid the persecution of the Roman Church and a significant reformer of the church.
Self-Regulated Strategy Instruction for Developing Speaking Proficiency and Reducing Speaking Anxiety of Egyptian University Students
Authors: El-Sakka Samah Mohammed Fahim
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of teaching some self-regulated strategies to Egyptian university students on improving their speaking proficiency and reducing their speaking anxiety. The design of the study was a one group pre-posttest quasi experimental design. Forty 3rd- year EFL university students were selected to form the experimental group of the study. This experimental group was tested using the pre-post speaking test and speaking anxiety scale before and after being exposed to the self-regulated strategy treatment. Paired- samples t-test revealed significant differences between the pretest and posttest of speaking proficiency as well as speaking anxiety in favor of the posttests. Additionally, a negative correlation was shown between speaking proficiency and speaking anxiety. It was concluded that teaching self-regulated strategies to university students was effective in developing their speaking proficiency and reducing their anxiety considerably.
Analyzing Farm Accounting Skills Related to Financial Performance of Dairy Industry: An Evidence from Jordan
Authors: Al-Sharafat Ali
Published: November 2016

This study aimed at analyzing farm accounting skills related to the financial performance of dairy industry in Jordan. A survey procedure was adopted to measure the perspective of dairy producers about their skills in farm accounting. 13 statements related to farm accounting skills were used. The farmers skills in farm accounting were measured using mean score derived from 5 point likert-scale. The statistical population of this study consisted of all dairy producers in the country and out of them 237 dairy producers selected as statistical sample. The data were collected between March 1st and June 30th 2014. The results of the study concluded that dairy farmers do not possess the necessary accounting skills related to the financial performance of their activity and needed to run their enterprise in a productive way. An empirical evidence was provided about lack of accounting skills by Jordanian dairy farmers. Paying attention to farm accounting and recognition of its importance and providing suitable executive ways to its related problems will be a vital component in developing dairy industry as well as other farming activities.
Searching about Resistance of Common Cultivated Varieties in Varamin to Separated Fungal Phytophthora drechsleri from the Same Place
Authors: Shahi-Bajestani Majid , Dolatabadi Kheyzaran
Published: November 2016

Dieback plant disease caused by fungi species Phytophthora is one of the most important soil borne disease in Iran. During studies in Varamin, one of the most harmful factors on crops is Phtophtora species in that place. So that in almost all different villages of this city, limitation of cultivation of crops such as cantaloupe, that is one of the most important product in this region, has arisen. This study had been done for searching about reaction of common cultivars in some plants in Varamin to the separated Phtophthora drechsleri from the same place by measuring plant growth factors. Seeds of melon in Ivanaki cultivar, cantaloupe in Samsoori cultivar, tomato in Urbana cultivar, red bean in Mahalli cultivar, were planted in pots containing sterile soil, then mentioned fungal were infected by Zoospore suspension and kept in greenhouse condition. In addition, the reaction of safflower seedlings of species Phytpophthora melonis was used to differentiate species. Percentage of disease as well as growth factors such as stem fresh and dry weight, stem length and root length during the time of 1, 2 and 3 weeks after inoculation had been measured. Symptoms in different hosts were seen such as reducing growth, root, and crown rot, yellowing and wilting of aerial organ and ultimately these symptoms led to death in susceptible hosts and destroyed them. Due to the discussed factors, cantaloupe and, melons were very sensitive hosts, tomatoes were sensitive hosts and beans were relatively resistant hosts, the results indicated sensitivity of used cultivars to the phytophthora in this area. Also in checking the germination percentage of seeds, separated Phtophthora drechsleri could affect the germination of melon and cantaloupe seeds, their germination percentage is drastically reducing. In a parallel study, the same research had been done to measure the effect of biofertilizers Trichodermin B and Subtilin for Phtophthora drechsleri control in mentioned cultivars, the results indicated positive effects of these two biofertilizers in pathogenic phytophthora control.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 8, No. 12
Authors: Brown Anne
Published: November 2016

Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 8, No. 12, 2016.
Production Diversity and Socioeconomic Characteristics of Household Farms
Authors: Sambuichi Regina Helena Rosa , Pereira Rodrigo Mendes , Galindo Ernesto Pereira , Constantino Michel
Published: November 2016

The level of production diversity chosen by small household farms may not be optimal from a social perspective, due to the existence of market failures such as environmental externalities or barriers to credit. Public policies designed to stimulate more diversified crops are supposed to correct that inefficiency. Understanding the socioeconomic characteristics associated with agricultural diversification is important for a successful implementation of those policies. In this paper we investigate which are those characteristics that are mostly related with crop diversification. Unlike previous studies, which use small samples, circumvented to small geographical areas, we address these issues with a large and comprehensive dataset, with observations spread through a large geographical dimension, making it possible to analyze the role played by regions. We take a group of 4.7 million Brazilian farm households, of which a random sample is extracted and used in the estimation procedures. We then estimate a Tobit regression model using key agricultural variables and the well-known Simpson Diversification Index to measure crop diversification. The main findings are that the region where the farm is located, the on and off farm incomes, the farm’s size, the access to technical assistance, the farmer’s age and education all play important roles in explaining production diversity. Public policies will more likely achieve crop diversification if they take into account those characteristics.
Silicon Release from Local Materials in Indonesia under Submerged Condition
Authors: Anggria Linca , Husnain Husnain , Sato Kuniaki , Masunaga Tsugiyuki
Published: November 2016

Five inorganic materials (steel slag, silica gel, electric furnace slag, fly ash and Japanese silica fertilizer) and six organic materials (rice husk-biochar, rice straw compost, media of mushroom, cacao shell-biochar, rice husk-ash and elephant grass), were evaluated as Si fertilizer sources for rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) in two soil types (red clayey and sandy soil). Evaluation was carried out by incubating them at 30oC under submerged condition for 70 days. The soil solution was replaced at day 7, 14, 21, 42, 49, 56, 63 and 70 and the amount of silicon (Si) release, pH, Eh, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) concentrations in soil solutions were determined. The amount of Si release ranged from n.d. (not detected)-32444.7 mg Si kg-1 and 105.84-48524.0 mg Si kg-1 in red clayey and sandy soil solutions, respectively during 70 days of incubation. Reduction in soil Eh was accompanied with an increase in the solubility of the soil Si especially for silica gel, electric furnace slag, elephant grass and media of mushroom. Higher exchangeable Ca content in soil tended to suppress Si release from rice straw compost, rice husk-ash and cacao shell-biochar. Considering the results of present study and availability of the materials, we concluded that steel slag of the inorganic materials and rice straw/husk and cacao shell-biochar of organic materials had the highest potential as Si fertilizer source in Indonesia.
Escolha de caracteres para o melhoramento genético em erva-mate por meio de técnicas multivariadas.
Authors: Rosse Leonardo Novaes , Fernandes José Sebastião Cunha
Published: November 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho foi aplicar a técnica dos componentes principais como suporte para a seleção de caracteres em erva-mate, bem como estimar parâmetros genéticos. Os resultados indicaram ser possível obter sucesso com a seleção para os caracteres avaliados, haja vistos que as herdabilidades foram de magnitude média a alta. O caracter altura do fuste foi o que apresentou maior coeficiente de variação, menor herdabilidade e menor coeficiente de correlação com os demais. Por meio dessa técnica, observou-se que a altura do fuste foi a que menos contribuiu para a variação dos dados, sendo passível de descarte. Verificou-se que os caracteres altura da planta e diâmetro da copa podem representar de maneira satisfatória a variação ocorrida.
Quand le syndicat devient vecteur d’inégalités : les effets des clauses « orphelins » sur l’association syndicale
Authors: Gagné Diane , Dupuis Marie-Josée
Published: November 2016

Depuis les années 1980, les syndicats locaux doivent souvent gérer les compressions demandées par la partie patronale lors des rondes de négociation. Disposant de très peu de marge de manoeuvre dans sa négociation, le syndicat se voit contraint de choisir entre une précarité généralisée et une précarité réservée à un groupe de travailleurs. Il en arrive à faire des compromis qui l’amènent à devenir un vecteur d’inégalités économiques et sociales, plutôt qu’un moteur d’amélioration des conditions des travailleurs. Les diverses clauses de disparité de traitement confèrent des droits et des avantages différents à certaines catégories de salariés travaillant pour un même employeur, que ce soit en raison de leur statut d’emploi (Bernier, 2011), de leur affiliation syndicale ou de leur date d’embauche (Côté, 2008).

L'objectif principal de cette étude est de traiter des conséquences qu'ont eu la présence de ces clauses « orphelins », ainsi que leur contestation, sur les deux syndicats locaux étudiés. Également, nous souhaitons fournir des pistes de réflexion quant à ses impacts sur le collectif syndical. En effet, nous avons observé, chez les deux syndicats étudiés, que l'on refuse de considérer la double échelle salariale comme étant de la discrimination, et ce, pour deux principales raisons. D'abord, les exécutifs locaux sont peu familiers avec la notion de discrimination. Leurs connaissances se limitent souvent à la discrimination directe, alors que les plaignants allèguent une discrimination indirecte désavantageant les salariés les plus récemment embauchés, et donc plus jeunes. Secundo, les syndicats ne se reconnaissent aucune part de responsabilité dans l'entente intervenue en raison du contexte économique et juridique de la négociation et des fortes pressions exercées par l'employeur. En conclusion, nous aborderons les différents effets de la négociation de clauses « orphelins », soit la persistance des inégalités et la difficulté de mettre en oeuvre la norme d'égalité en milieu syndiqué.
Pratiques de conciliation travail-famille et détresse psychologique des salariés québécois : une comparaison selon le genre
Authors: Boulet Maude , Le Bourdais Céline
Published: November 2016

Dans le contexte où les couples à deux carrières constituent maintenant la norme, l'enjeu de la conciliation travail-famille devient incontournable. Cette nouvelle réalité souligne la nécessité d'examiner les effets des pratiques de conciliation travail-famille mises en place dans les organisations québécoises sur le bien-être des travailleurs. Une comparaison selon le genre s'avère également pertinente, vu la persistance des rapports sociaux de sexe et de la division sexuelle du travail. Encore aujourd'hui, les femmes allouent davantage de temps aux soins des enfants et aux tâches domestiques que les hommes, tandis que ces derniers s'investissent plus dans leur carrière. La présente étude réalisée à partir des données de l'Enquête québécoise sur des conditions de travail, d'emploi et de santé et de sécurité du travail (EQCOTESST) s'inspire du modèle théorique des demandes et des ressources de l'emploi de Bakker et Demerouti. Globalement, l'analyse montre que les pratiques de conciliation, en particulier celles liées à la maternité et à la gestion flexible du temps de travail, réduisent la détresse psychologique des femmes. Une fois contrôlé l'effet des variables sociodémographiques, des conditions de travail, des responsabilités familiales et de l'environnement organisationnel, le fait d'avoir accès à un nombre élevé de pratiques de conciliation (soit sept ou plus sur dix) atténue la probabilité des femmes d'avoir un niveau élevé de détresse psychologique, mais non celle des hommes. À l'inverse, le temps passé à faire des tâches domestiques ou à assumer les responsabilités familiales accroît la probabilité des hommes d'avoir un niveau élevé de détresse psychologique, alors que ce n'est pas le cas chez les femmes.
La sociologie narrative : un artisanat civil
Authors: Madec Annick
Published: November 2016

Cet article propose une discussion sur la sociologie narrative ainsi que deux courts récits. La construction des récits respecte les traditions de la discipline en posant comme grilles de lecture de la réalité sociale des connaissances accumulées par les sciences sociales et en mobilisant les outils classiques de la sociologie. L’enquête est au coeur de cette manière de pratiquer le métier de sociologue. Mais la narration respecte aussi une autre tradition qui est celle, propre à l’espèce humaine, celle d’échanger oralement, civilement, sur ses expériences. La sociologie narrative s’inscrit dans une longue tradition, celle de la pensée qui rend compte du réel par l’écriture.
Le rappeur (et le) sociologue
Authors: Marquet Mathieu
Published: November 2016

Il ne faut pas, lorsqu’on étudie le rap, y voir un seul matériau sociologique et oublier qu’il s’agit d’une création artistique. Toutefois, de nombreux textes, notamment quand ils sont à dimension autobiographique, sont source de connaissance. Les rappeurs produisent en effet, par des récits rimés, du savoir et des analyses sur des lieux, des modes de vie, des situations et des ressentis, souvent rattachés aux mondes et expériences minoritaires. Le traitement et la définition de ces sujets sont généralement réservés aux groupes et individus légitimés à s’exprimer dans l’espace public : politiques, journalistes ou scientifiques jouissent en quelque sorte d’un monopole sur la question, qui s’accompagne d’un rejet des compétences et des savoirs profanes. Les rappeurs semblent alors résister au risque d’aliénation que comporte la délégation de leur expérience ou de leur parole (à un chercheur, par exemple) : parlant par eux-mêmes (et souvent d’eux-mêmes), ils contredisent ou complètent les sociologues, dialoguent avec eux, parfois même s’y associent. Apporter ainsi des éléments de compréhension et d’analyse du monde social dans et par la chanson permet alors de multiplier les lieux de fabrication du savoir, d’en démocratiser la production et la diffusion.
Ferme ta caisse !
Authors: Laé Jean-François
Published: November 2016

Le récit est une arme pour combattre le chiffre, pour redonner de la chair aux mots et aux gens. Pour autant, quel type d’attention voulons-nous poser ? Par les variations de sens, par le soulèvement des émotions, la narration exerce sur la pensée une force réflexive : un trait interprétatif, une préhension singulière, une posture sociale. Sa qualité sensible forme une modalité transmissible : une ambiance au travail, des bruits et des échos sur « les cheffes », des sentiments de crainte, des flashs sur les relations d’assujettissement. Une sociologie publique est à ce prix : faire passer un sens accessible à tous.

Dans le récit qui suit, je me suis attaché aux récits de trois jeunes filles en stage dans un supermarché du nord de Paris. Comment entrer « dans la place » ? En usant du « je », comme si nous étions à l’intérieur, nous nous heurtons aux clients, à leurs paniers ; aux caddies, à leurs achats ; au travail domestique, au nettoyage ; aux landaus des mères, aux promenades dans les rayons. Dans les coulisses, sans une parole ni un regard, les caissières se reposent et se surveillent. Énervement, fatigue, insulte, affolement, tandis que déjà la terrifiante voix de la cheffe hurle « aux caisses ».
Un régime d’impersonnalité
Authors: Trépos Jean-Yves
Published: November 2016

Des carnets de travail, tenus par un maçon entre 1928 et 1952, ont taraudé l’imagination sociologique de son fils, obligeant ce dernier à réviser à plusieurs reprises, sur une période de quarante ans, le cadre de leur analyse. L’article fait le récit des trois principales phases que cette obstination a connues, chacune révélant après coup ses limites et sa nécessité : la première traitait les carnets comme des matériaux pour une anthropologie des tâcherons, la deuxième valorisait la technique des relevés comme force intégratrice du travail et de son environnement, la troisième trouvait dans la posture d’effacement de l’écrivant la caractéristique d’une ontologie stylistique. Le sociologue opiniâtre et admiratif est ainsi passé des énonciateurs aux énoncés et des énoncés à l’énonciation. Mais s’il a fini par rendre justice aux carnets, il s’en faut de beaucoup qu’il ait réussi à mettre fin aux interrogations que nourrit encore leur existence comme collection.