bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Philippe Vilain, des essais aux fictions pensives : transactions et complémentarité
Authors: Madonia Francesco Paolo Alexandre
Published: September 2024

L’oeuvre de Philippe Vilain constitue un apport important dans le champ littéraire contemporain, parce qu’elle investit les modes et les genres de son temps (l’autofiction, l’exofiction et la non-fiction) autant qu’elle en est investie par les enjeux théoriques : ses fictions pensives se caractérisent par leur capacité à fournir un cadre fictionnel à la réflexion sur l’expérience amoureuse, susceptible de se prolonger dans l’écriture des essais et de se nourrir de celle-ci. Cet article se propose de mettre en lumière quelques-uns de ces élargissements fictionnels de sa pensée, leur rapport avec sa production en tant qu’essayiste, ainsi que la capacité de l’écrivain à s’emparer de son expérience ordinaire pour la transformer aussi bien en objet littéraire qu’en pensée structurée.
Theoretical calculation study on enhancing the sensitivity and optical properties of graphene adsorption of nitrogen dioxide via doping
Authors: Zhu Hong-Qiang , Luo Lei , Wu Ze-Bang , Yin Kai-Hui , Yue Yuan-Xia , Yang Ying , Feng Qing , Jia Wei-Yao ,   College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China,   School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Published: September 2024

In order to study the adsorption of NO2 on pristine graphene and doped graphene (N-doped, Zn-doped, and N-Zn co-doped), we simulate the adsorption process by applying the first-principles plane-wave ultrasoft pseudopotentials of the density-functional theory in this work. The adsorption energy, Mulliken distribution, differential charge density, density of states, and optical properties of NO2 molecules adsorbed on the graphene surface are calculated. The results show that the doped graphene surface exhibits higher sensitivity to the adsorption of NO2 compared with the pristine graphene surface, and the order of adsorption energy is as follows: N-Zn co-doped surface > Zn-doped surface > N-doped surface > pristine surface. Pristine graphene surface and N-doped graphene surface have weak interactions with and physical adsorption of NO2. Zn-doped graphene surfac and N-Zn co-doped graphene surface form chemical bonds with NO2 and are chemisorbed. In the visible range, among the three doping modes, the N-Zn co-doped surface is the most effective for improving the optical properties of graphene, with the peak absorption and reflection coefficients improved by about 1.12 and 3.42 times, respectively, compared with pristine graphene. The N-Zn co-doped graphene not only enhances the interaction between the surface and NO2, but also improves the optical properties of the material, which provides theoretical support and experimental guidance for NO2 gas detection and sensing based on graphene substrate.
Isobaric crosslinking mass spectrometry technology for studying conformational and structural changes in proteins and complexes
Authors: Luo Jie , Ranish Jeff
Published: September 2024

Dynamic conformational and structural changes in proteins and protein complexes play a central and ubiquitous role in the regulation of protein function, yet it is very challenging to study these changes, especially for large protein complexes, under physiological conditions. Here, we introduce a novel isobaric crosslinker, Qlinker, for studying conformational and structural changes in proteins and protein complexes using quantitative crosslinking mass spectrometry. Qlinkers are small and simple, amine-reactive molecules with an optimal extended distance of ~10 Å, which use MS2 reporter ions for relative quantification of Qlinker-modified peptides derived from different samples. We synthesized the 2-plex Q2linker and showed that the Q2linker can provide quantitative crosslinking data that pinpoints key conformational and structural changes in biosensors, binary and ternary complexes composed of the general transcription factors TBP, TFIIA, and TFIIB, and RNA polymerase II complexes.
Anonymous group structure algorithm based on community structure
Authors: Kuang Linghong , Si Kunliang , Zhang Jing
Published: September 2024

A social network is a platform that users can share data through the internet. With the ever-increasing intertwining of social networks and daily existence, the accumulation of personal privacy information is steadily mounting. However, the exposure of such data could lead to disastrous consequences. To mitigate this problem, an anonymous group structure algorithm based on community structure is proposed in this article. At first, a privacy protection scheme model is designed, which can be adjusted dynamically according to the network size and user demand. Secondly, based on the community characteristics, the concept of fuzzy subordinate degree is introduced, then three kinds of community structure mining algorithms are designed: the fuzzy subordinate degree-based algorithm, the improved Kernighan-Lin algorithm, and the enhanced label propagation algorithm. At last, according to the level of privacy, different anonymous graph construction algorithms based on community structure are designed. Furthermore, the simulation experiments show that the three methods of community division can divide the network community effectively. They can be utilized at different privacy levels. In addition, the scheme can satisfy the privacy requirement with minor changes.
Role of the novel aloe vera-based titanium dioxide bleaching gel on the strength and mineral content of the human tooth enamel with respect to age
Authors: Mansoor Afsheen , Mansoor Emaan , Shah Atta Ullah , Asjad Uzma , Khurshid Zohaib , Ibrahim Amir Isam Omer
Published: September 2024

There has been an increased demand for dental bleaching globally irrespective of age and gender. Main drawbacks associated with conventional tooth bleaching agents have been compromised strength and mineral-content of tooth enamel which results in sensitivity, discomfort, roughness, and structure loss of human teeth. Currently, nanoparticles synthesized by green synthesis have gained popularity especially in medical and dental applications because of their versatile and beneficial nano-scaled features. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2Nps) in this study were prepared from green ecofriendly source using the aloe vera plant extract and were then characterized via dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), for size, shape, composition and true-phase. These TiO2 Nps were incorporated in commercial bleaching gel containing hydrogen peroxide to form a novel TiO2-bleaching gel which was used to bleach extracted anterior teeth belonging to four different age groups: 20–29 years, 30–39 years, 40–49 years and ≥50 years. These teeth were investigated for micro-hardness (Vickers microhardness tester) and mineral-content (EDX spectroscopy) including sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium in an in-vitro environment both before and after bleaching. Results revealed that TiO2 Nps prepared by aloe vera plant were nanos-sized of about 37.91–49 nm, spherical shape, true anatase phase with pure titanium and oxygen in their composition. The values of Vickers micro-hardness and mineral-content (Na, Mg, P, Ca) of enamel specimens belonging to different age groups enhanced in a linear pattern before bleaching with the increase in age (p value < 0.05). There was negligible reduction observed in Vickers micro-hardness and mineral-content elements (Na, Mg, P, Ca) of all enamel specimens belonging to different ages after the bleaching (p value > 0.05). The novel TiO2-bleaching gel prepared was effective enough in preventing the declination in Vickers micro-hardness strength and mineral-content of all the enamel specimens belonging to different age groups even after the bleaching procedure which makes it a promising biomaterial.
Effect of PM2.5 on burden of mortality from non-communicable diseases in northern Thailand
Authors: Parasin Nichapa , Amnuaylojaroen Teerachai
Published: September 2024

Background

Particulate pollution, especially PM2.5from biomass burning, affects public and human health in northern Thailand during the dry season. Therefore, PM2.5exposure increases non-communicable disease incidence and mortality. This study examined the relationship between PM2.5and NCD mortality, including heart disease, hypertension, chronic lung disease, stroke, and diabetes, in northern Thailand during 2017–2021.

Methods

The analysis utilized accurate PM2.5data from the MERRA2 reanalysis, along with ground-based PM2.5measurements from the Pollution Control Department and mortality data from the Division of Non-Communicable Disease, Thailand. The cross-correlation and spearman coefficient were utilized for the time-lag, and direction of the relationship between PM2.5and mortality from NCDs, respectively. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) was used to quantify the health risk of PM2.5to people in northern Thailand.

Results

High PM2.5 risk was observed in March, with peak PM2.5concentration reaching 100 µg/m3, with maximum HQ values of 1.78 ± 0.13 to 4.25 ± 0.35 and 1.45 ± 0.11 to 3.46 ± 0.29 for males and females, respectively. Hypertension significantly correlated with PM2.5levels, followed by chronic lung disease and diabetes. The cross-correlation analysis showed a strong relationship between hypertansion mortality and PM2.5at a two-year time lag in Chiang Mai (0.73) (CI [−0.43–0.98], p-value of 0.0270) and a modest relationship with chronic lung disease at Lampang (0.33) (a four-year time lag). The results from spearman correlation analysis showed that PM2.5concentrations were associated with diabetes mortality in Chiang Mai, with a coefficient of 0.9 (CI [0.09–0.99], p-value of 0.03704). Lampang and Phayao had significant associations between PM2.5 and heart disease, with coefficients of 0.97 (CI [0.66–0.99], p-value of 0.0048) and 0.90 (CI [0.09–0.99], p-value of 0.0374), respectively, whereas Phrae had a high coefficient of 0.99 on stroke.
Buscando Luciérnagas: findings on Mexican fireflies from an 8-year virtual citizen science project
Authors: del-Val Ek , Flores-Gutiérrez Ana M. , González Regina , Calleros Adrián
Published: September 2024

Fireflies are charismatic and conspicuous animals that often evoke childhood memories, which make firefly watching an emotional and even transformative experience. Citizen science projects have the potential to enhance transformative interactions with nature. Like many insects, firefly populations are declining due to land-use change, urbanization and watershed pollution, but ecological data for this group is scarce, particularly in Mexico. Virtual Citizen Science (VCS) initiatives can serve as a scientific instrument, yield reliable and relevant scientific data, and may also offer a platform to promote broader educational outcomes. We established a VCS project to document fireflies through a Facebook page named Buscando Luciernagas with the following hashtag in every post #veobrillar in 2015. After seven years we complied the gathered data and analyzed the results. We had 647 reports in total, with strong fluctuations from year to year that were correlated with the number of posts and publicity we made each year. The largest number of sightings (319) occurred in 2021, coinciding with a change in our reporting format. Most of the reports came from central Mexico (91.5%), but we had reports from eight states and also received some international reports from nine different countries. Fireflies were most frequently seen in habitats characterized as grasslands (35%) or forests (27%), followed by gardens (17%), vacant lots (9%) and parks (5%) but also paved areas and agricultural lands were reported (3% each). Most citizen scientists reported few fireflies, 1–5 individuals (31%) while only 11% reported more than 50 fireflies per sighting. Our study can serve as a preliminary approach to explore more focused research areas in the future. For example, in areas with no sightings, we could reach out to specific local people to corroborate that there are no fireflies in the region, or in areas with high sightings we could promote conservation measures. Notably, we found it intriguing to discover numerous sightings of fireflies in urban areas, which could offer a potential avenue for further research in urban ecology.
Examining Teachers' Perspectives on the New Changes to the Promotion System of the Department of Education: Basis for Career Path Orientation Program
Authors: Osman Arvie Joy , Adanza Lito
Published: September 2024

Effective promotion systems recognize and reward teachers' dedication, incentivizing professional development and career progression. This study investigated the experiences and understanding of public elementary teachers in selected divisions in Region XII, Philippines, regarding the previous and new changes to the Department of Education's promotion system. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach was used, combining quantitative surveys followed by qualitative interviews. Findings revealed that teachers generally understand both systems, emphasizing performance rating, experience, and education. Improvement areas include a clearer assessment of potential and more training in the previous system, while the new system needs smoother implementation and needs to address concerns about workload and transparency. Qualitative analysis identified key themes related to teacher experiences such as promotion types, criteria, self-directed learning, and equity and concerns regarding the new changes such as understanding, system acceptance, workload, and transparency. This study underscores the importance of addressing teachers' understanding and experiences when implementing changes. Effective communication and clear information are crucial for morale and development. A well-designed promotion system prioritizing meritocracy, equity, and teacher well-being can enhance the teaching force and elevate education standards in Region XII. The research provides insights for DepEd policymakers to refine the promotion system and develop a Career Path Orientation Program (CPOP) responsive to teachers' needs and aspirations.
Qualidade de vida durante a pandemia de COVID-19 em colaboradores de restaurantes de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais
Authors: Reis Flávia Nolasco , Lopes Aline Cristine Souza , Monteiro Marlene Azevedo Magalhães
Published: September 2024

O presente trabalho buscou analisar a associação entre a pandemia de COVID-19 e a qualidade de vida de colaboradores de restaurantes de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Para tanto, foi utilizado o instrumento de avaliação da qualidade de vida, SF-36, além de um questionário elaborado com questões sociodemográficas, mudanças no ambiente e na rotina de trabalho e relacionadas à COVID-19.  Para a análise dos dados foram utilizados os testes não paramétricos de Mann-Whitney correlação de Spearman para avaliar as correlações entre a atuação profissional, preocupação em perder o emprego e a qualidade de vida com nível de significância p≤0,05.  Como resultados, observou-se uma pior qualidade de vida nos colaboradores dos restaurantes, com impacto nos domínios Limitação por Aspectos Físicos, Vitalidade, Estado Geral de Saúde, Limitação nos aspectos Emocionais e Saúde Mental, com maior impacto negativo para aqueles acometidos pela COVID-19. A qualidade de vida dos colaboradores de restaurantes apresentou importantes perdas em virtude da pandemia de COVID-19. Assim, são necessários mais estudos com este público para realização de intervenções futuras, com a finalidade de auxiliar na melhoria de qualidade de vida e no bem-estar destes trabalhadores.
Evaluation of Cervical Spine Curvature and its Relation with Cranial Base in Class I, Cleft and Class III Malocclusion Individuals: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Suchak Dhwani , Kamble Ranjit , Talla Renuka , Agarwal Nishu
Published: September 2024

Introduction: According to the literature, an existing correlation is said to be present between craniocervical and craniofacial morphology. Recent studies have revealed that there are certain variations among the different forms of craniofacial patterns with respect to the morphology of the vertebrae. Since there are very few studies comparing the curvature of the cervical column in relation to the cranial base in Cleft, Class-I and ClassIII individuals, this study was carried out. Aim: To provide a comprehensive comparative analysis of the curvature of the cervical vertebral column and its relationship with the cranial base in Class-I, cleft, and Class-III individuals within the Central Indian population. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics at Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Sawangi (M).Wardha, Maharashtra, India, patients with skeletal Class-I, Class-III, and Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate (UCLP) or Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate (BCLP) in the Central India region were included. The study duration was eight months, from April 2022 to January 2023. The research involves a meticulous examination of 90 individuals, divided into three groups: Class-I individuals (n=30), cleft individuals (n=30), and ClassIII individuals (n=30). A comprehensive set of radiographic and cephalometric measurements will be employed to assess cervical vertebral curvature. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test was used for analysis. Results: With the exception of Sella-Nasion to Gonion Gnathion (SA-Go-Gn), where the p-value was 0.13, a statistically significant difference between Class-I and Class-III was seen for all angles. For Class-III cases with clefts, every angle revealed a statistically significant difference. Except for SN-Go-Gn (p=0.65), all of the angles revealed a statistically significant difference when compared to Class-I with Cleft, with a p-value <0.05. Conclusion: The modified curvature angle utilised in the present study facilitated the assessment of cervical curvature in Cleft, Class-I, and Class-III malocclusions, revealing differences in skeletal sagittal jaw relations, particularly in their cervical positions, as indicated by the study findings. Participants in skeletal Class-III had significantly straighter cervical columns than participants in skeletal Class-I. A significant difference between the maxillary base, mandibular base, and the midsection of the spinal column was seen between all three groups.
Navigating into the Dental Management of a Child with Morphea: A Case Report
Authors: Bhattacharya Shrayana , Kar Sudipta , Debnath Dipanjan , Zahir Shabnam
Published: September 2024

Morphea, a morphological variant of Localised Scleroderma (LoS) that typically occurs in children, is an inflammatory disease of connective tissue leading to skin and underlying tissue sclerosis due to increased deposition of collagen. The aetiology of morphea is quite elusive. Morphea, along with other regions also affects oral and perioral tissues; the most common affected implication being facial skin and tongue rigidity. The author reports a case of a 10-year-old female who reported to the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry for retained maxillary anterior deciduous teeth. The patient also presented with scarring on her face, chest, and arms. Her lips were thin, rigid and partially fixed producing microstomia with decreased mouth opening. Clinical examination, blood tests, Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography/High-Resolution Computed Tomography (CECT/ HRCT) of thorax, Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) test, Antineutrophilic Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA) Test, Anti-dsDNA Test, systemic sclerosis/myositis profile, and histopathological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of morphea. The management of morphea is multidisciplinary. Hence, the role of a paediatric dental surgeon in recognising the development of disease progression in a patient and avoiding any oral complications is very important.
Interprofessional education among musculoskeletal healthcare professions: A scoping review
Authors: Ismail Fatima , Myburgh Corrie , Downing Charlene , Makkink Andrew
Published: September 2024

Objective

To examine peer-reviewed literature involving undergraduate interprofessional education (IPE) focusing on musculoskeletal (MSK) healthcare professions.

Methods

Methodological searches were conducted on electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, ERIC, and ProQuest. No date restrictions were applied. English sources (qualitative and quantitative methodological studies, conference papers and proceedings, systematic reviews, grey literature, unpublished materials, theses, and dissertations) were included. A researcher, independent reviewer, and research librarian completed the search and data extraction from June to October 2023. Disagreements were resolved by discussion. ATLAS.ti was used to analyze data by generating codes linked to the text. Findings were reported in a narrative format and by using tables.

Results

Initially, 2894 articles were retrieved and screened for relevance. After rigorous screening procedures, 18 articles from various countries were deemed eligible for inclusion. The included studies were conducted within the date range of 2010 to 2024. The included studies employed mixed methods (n = 9), quantitative (n = 5), and qualitative (n = 4) approaches. Combined medical and physiotherapy student cohorts were prominently featured in 67% (n = 12) of the reviewed studies. All 18 studies incorporated the implementation and/or evaluation of an IPE intervention. Thematic analysis revealed 5 overarching themes, encompassing the benefits, barriers, interventions, strategies, evaluation, and general findings related to IPE.

Conclusion

The reviewed literature emphasizes a significant gap in IPE initiatives concerning various MSK health providers, including chiropractors, podiatrists, biokineticists, and osteopaths. This paucity accentuates the need for further exploration and evaluation of IPE within MSK-specific contexts, crucial for addressing and mitigating the escalating global burden of MSK diseases.
Paddy-based Cropping Systems and their Sustainability: A Micro-level Study of Nellore District of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Sri Kadiveti Navya , Sinha D.K. , Kumari Tulika , Singh K.M. , Ahmad Nasim
Published: September 2024

A sustainable cropping system is needed to ensure profitable, productive and less risky crop production, particularly when the agricultural sector is experiencing climatic uncertainty and price volatility. Hence, the study aims to identify paddy-based cropping systems and their sustainability in the Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh. The study is based on primary data collected during 2022-23 with the help of a pre-structured schedule. The major cropping systems based on paddy were identified as system Ⅰ (paddy-groundnut), cropping system Ⅱ (paddy-paddy), & cropping system Ⅲ (paddy-cotton). The profitability analysis revealed that the gross returns for cropping systems I, II and III were computed to be Rs. 281916.83, Rs. 259072.90 and Rs. 330072.45. The farmers realized the highest net income, Rs. 169222.62, under cropping system III. The net returns for the cropping systems Ⅰ and Ⅱ were obtained as Rs. 141282.24 and Rs. 127048.48, respectively. The sustainability indices of paddy-groundnut (cropping system I), paddy-paddy (cropping system II) and cropping system III (paddy-cotton) were computed as 42.88%, 50.86% and 60.93%, respectively, and the paddy-cotton cropping system came out as the most profitable and sustainable in the study area. The regression analysis revealed that factors like returns to cost ratio and the cost used for environmentally friendly inputs relative to the overall cost of cultivation were found significant in all three cropping systems.
The Influence of Product Innovation and Service Innovation on Interest in BMT Sarana Wiraswasta Muslim through Trust as an Intervening Variable
Authors: Imro’ah Wulidatul , Rahmawati Zulfa Muasaroh Binti , Atoillah M. , Setiani
Published: September 2024

Aims: This study aims to determine the influence of Product Innovation and Service Innovation on Interest in Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil (BMT) Sarana Wiraswasta Muslim with Trust as an Intervening Variable.
Study Design:  This study uses a quantitative approach with primary data types.
Place and Duration of Study: Respondents in this study were 100 traders who were classified based on location, namely at the Upper Dinoyo Market, Lower Dinoyo Market, Side Landungsari Market, and Edge Landungsari Market in Malang City.
Methodology: The sampling technique in this study used the proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Data collection for this study was conducted offline using interviews and closed questionnaires with a Likert scale featuring four response options. The data analysis included both outer and inner model analyses and hypothesis testing, conducted using software like Microsoft Excel and SmartPLS.
Results: Based on the results of the analysis carried out, it was obtained that Product Innovation and service innovation had a significant effect on the Interest of Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil (BMT) Sarana Wiraswasta Muslims, Product Innovation, and service innovation had a significant effect on the Trust of Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil (BMT) Sarana Wiraswasta Muslim, Trust had a significant effect on the Interest of Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil (BMT) Sarana Wiraswasta Muslim’s. Furthermore, trust can mediate the influence of product innovation on the Interests of Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil (BMT) Sarana Wiraswasta Muslim. However, Trust cannot mediate the influence of Service Innovation on the Interest of Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil (BMT) Sarana Entrepreneurs.
Conclusion: The variables of Product Innovation and Service Innovation have a significant effect on Interest and also increase Trust in Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil (BMT) Sarana Wiraswasta Muslim. Trust is proven to mediate the relationship between Product Innovation and Interest, indicating that trust strengthens the influence of product innovation on interest. However, Trust does not mediate the relationship between Service Innovation and Interest, implying that trust formed among members plays a more important role in determining interest, regardless of service innovation.
Understanding the Impact: Insect Pests of Millets and their Consequences on Yield Loss
Authors: Reddy K. S. Nikhil , Ranjitha G. , Nagarjuna T. N. , Shalini K. S.
Published: September 2024

Millets, crucial cereal crops in many regions, face significant threats from various insect pests, leading to substantial yield losses. Insect pests such as stem borers, leaf folders, aphids, midges, bugs, caterpillars, and termites inflict damage at different growth stages of millet plants. Stem borers like Chilo partellus and Sesamia inferens bore into stems, impairing structural integrity, while leaf folders such as Cnaphalocrocis medinalis create folded leaf shelters for feeding, causing extensive tissue damage. Aphids such as Rhopalosiphum maidis and shoot bugs like Peregrinus maidis extract sap, resulting in wilting and stunting of plants. Millet midges like Geromyia penniseti and Stenodiplosis sorghicola target reproductive structures, leading to grain abortion and reduced yield. Earhead pests like Cryptoblabes gnidiella and Helicoverpa armigera feed on developing grains, causing significant losses in quality and quantity. Additionally, termites like Odontotermes spp. and Microtermes spp. damage roots and stems, disrupting nutrient and water uptake causing plant death. Understanding the biology and ecology and implementing appropriate pest management strategies are crucial for mitigating yield losses and ensuring millet production sustainability.
Protected Cultivation of Horticultural Crops: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Singh Ranvijay Pratap , Sahu Rahul , Bagora Ritesh , Moharana Rajeeb Lochan , Tiwari Nimisha Jain , Sahu Premlal , Sahu Arun
Published: September 2024

Horticultural crops grown under protection are becoming more and more significant in modern agriculture, offering a number of benefits such as increased yields, better quality, and protection from pests and bad weather. This comprehensive review aims to demonstrate protected cultivation methods as they currently exist and explore their future applications in horticulture. The first part of the examination covers the many types of protected production structures, including high tunnels, shade houses, and greenhouses, along with their advantages and disadvantages. The significance of protected farming in tackling concerns associated with worldwide food security is further underscored by preserving crop productivity throughout the year and limiting dependence on seasonal variations. This review looks more closely at the effects of protected cultivation methods on the growth and development of horticultural crops. These methods include improved crop morphogenesis, precipitation control, and the optimisation of environmental parameters like temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide levels. Furthermore, the utilisation of advanced technologies like hydroponics, aeroponics, and vertical farming in protected growing systems is examined and its capacity to optimise crop yield while minimising resource consumption is emphasised. The difficulties and limitations associated with adopting protected cultivation are also examined in the study, including the need for artificial inputs, energy requirements, and financial considerations. It talks about environmentally friendly and sustainable ways to reduce these problems and preserve ecological balance, like switching to organic farming methods and using renewable energy sources. Future trends and developments in protected cultivation are covered in detail in the study's final section. These include the application of artificial intelligence, the adoption of smart farming technologies, and the employment of precision agriculture techniques. Higher yields and higher-quality horticultural crop output could be the outcome of these developments, which further optimise resource utilisation, improve automation, and better crop monitoring and management.
Impact of Toxoplasma gondii on Serum Protein Levels and Mineral Content in Sheep and Goats at a Small Dairy Farm in White Nile State, Sudan
Authors: Adem Ibrahim Mohammed , Alshafei Nabaa Kamal , Saeed Intisar Hassan , Khaier Mona Abdelrahman Mohamed
Published: September 2024

Aim: This study aims to investigate the effects of Toxoplasma gondii infection on the serum proteins and macro elements (Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphate) for sheep and goat.
Introduction: In sheep and goats, Toxoplasma infection is a major cause of abortion and stillbirth. Subclinical infections are also quite common in adult animals of affected flocks and herds. Serum proteins and macro elements plays an essential role in animal metabolism.
Materials and Methods: Serological survey of T. gondii was conducted using Latex Agglutination Test (LAT) for 20 sera collected from sheep and goats (8 and12 respectively) in white Nile State, Sudan.
Results: Out of twelve goats’ serum and eight sheep serum samples, seven samples were found to be positive for Toxoplasma (58.33%) in goats and four samples were found to be positive for Toxoplasma (50%) in sheep, the remaining samples were negative. It was observed that serum Total protein (Tp) level was increased significantly (p<0.05) in both species, and albumin (Alb) level decreased significantly (p<0.05) in goats, while Globulin (Glob) was significantly (p<0.05) low in sheep compared with control animals. The results showed that some minerals (Na and K) concentrations in the serum were higher in both sheep and goats compared to the controls.
Conclusion: In conclusion infestation of goats with Toxoplama gondii increases the total protein, globulins and significantly decreases the albumin concentrations. For sheep the infestation increases the total protein, albumin and significantly decreases the globulin concentrations. Sheep and goats infected with Toxoplasma gondii showed increased serum sodium, potassium and magnesium levels affecting most of the enzyme systems.
Geochemical Modeling and Quality Assessment of the Surface Waters from the Mouhoun River System, Burkina Faso: Implications of Water–Rock Interactions and Anthropogenic Activities
Authors: Korsaga Pélagie Wend Bénedo , Sako Aboubakar , Millogo Césard
Published: September 2024

Major ion and heavy metal geochemistry was used to investigate the factors that control the Mouhoun River water quality in western Burkina Faso. Major cation concentrations was in the following decreasing order:  Ca2+> Na+> K+> Mg2+, reflecting silicate weathering. However, relatively high HCO3- and SO42- concentrations could be related to dissolution of calcite and sulfide minerals, respectively.  The average heavy metal concentrations in the riverine system were in the following order: FeT>Ag>Mn>Zn>Pb>Cu>Ni>AsT>Cr>Hg>Co>Cd with FeT and Ag exceeding the World Health Organization permissible limits. Concentrations of all heavy metals, except Cr, were higher in the Mouhoun system compared to the average world river concentrations.  Adsorption and speciation models showed that Zn, Ag, Cd, Co, Cr and Ni are likely to remain in their free ionic forms, and thus posing serious threats to aquatic life and human health. Ag-Hg-Ni-Cd association around Poura and Tenado on the principal component plot suggested that the widespread artisanal gold mining in these areas may have contributed to these metals’ loading. In contrast, NH4+, Pb, Cu, Cr, AsT and Zn were clustered around a densely populated and industrialized Kou watershed, pointing to agricultural and industrial sources of these pollutants. Furthermore, the Kou River had the highest metal index followed by Tenado, Samendeni, Poura and Boromo. Hence, the chemistry of the Mouhoun River and its tributary appears to be mainly controlled by population density and various anthropogenic activities taking place in their drainage basins. The findings could provide avenues for sound and sustainable water resource management in a water scarce semi-arid environment.
Comparison of the Esthetic Perception and Economic Value of Different Removable Orthodontic Retainers for the Upper Arch
Authors: Nicodemo Amanda Mello , Faria Emilly , Mendonça Raphael Dutra Resende , Alvarenga Letícia Villalba , Freitas Karina Maria Salvatore , Cotrin Paula , Valarelli Fabrício Pinelli , Pinzan-Vercelino Célia Regina Maio
Published: September 2024

Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to compare the esthetic perception and economic value between two maxillary removable retainers, considering gender, age, and socioeconomic status.
Material and Methods: Photographs of the smiles of 2 volunteers using Hawley and Vivera® retainers were evaluated by 408 laypeople who answered a web-based survey with questions regarding participants' characteristics, retainers' esthetic perception, and economic value (willingness to pay). Descriptive statistics were performed, and the responses were analyzed using independent t-test, ANOVA, Tukey test, and chi-square.
Results: Vivera® was considered the most esthetic retainer for both smiles, without a statistically significant difference between raters’ genders. Raters over 46 years old judged with statistically significant greater values the Hawley and Vivera® of male smiles (p=0.01; p=0.02 respectively) and C2 socioeconomic status to the Hawley for the female smile (p=0.02). Considering the economic value, both genders and the different status demonstrated a similar willingness to pay more money for Vivera® as well as a similar amount of money they would be willing to pay. Statistically significant associations were observed between age ranges and economic values; more respondents aged between 18-30 years old reported being more willing to pay for Vivera® (p=0.03); however, when the value was asked, the participants aged more than 46 years old were more willing to pay greater prices for Vivera® (p=<0.01).
Conclusion: The Vivera® was considered more aesthetically pleasing, and most laypeople would pay more for this retainer. However, most were willing to pay an extra value smaller than the laboratory’s cost difference.
Wirksame Begründung einer Zahlungsverpflichtung bei Verwendung eines Internet-Bestellbuttons
Authors: Ring Gerhard
Published: September 2024

Nach § 312j Abs. 3 Satz 1 BGB muss der Unternehmer die Bestellsituation bei einem Verbrauchervertrag im elektronischen Geschäftsverkehr, der eine entgeltliche Leistung des Unternehmers zum Gegenstand hat, so gestalten, dass der Verbraucher mit seiner Bestellung ausdrücklich bestätigt, dass er sich zu einer Zahlung verpflichtet. Sofern die Bestellung über eine Schaltfläche erfolgt, ist die entsprechende Pflicht des Unternehmers nur erfüllt, wenn die Schaltfläche den Vorgaben in § 312j Abs. 3 Satz 2 BGB entspricht: Sie muss gut lesbar und mit nichts anderem als den Wörtern „zahlungspflichtig bestellen“ oder mit einer anderen entsprechenden Formulierung beschriftet sein. Ein Verbrauchervertrag im elektronischen Geschäftsverkehr, der eine entgeltliche Leistung des Unternehmers zum Gegenstand hat, kommt nach § 312j Abs. 4 BGB nur dann zustande, wenn der Unternehmer die genannten Pflichten aus § 312j Abs. 3 BGB erfüllt hat. Der folgende Beitrag geht der Frage nach, ob ein Vertrag, der den Verbraucher i.S.d. § 312j Abs. 3 BGB zur Zahlung verpflichtet, auch dann angenommen werden kann, wenn der Verbraucher dem Unternehmer zum Zeitpunkt des Vertragsschlusses nicht unbedingt, sondern nur unter bestimmten weiteren Voraussetzungen zur Zahlung verpflichtet ist? Anlass für eine umfassende Auseinandersetzung bietet der Ausgangsfall einer Vorlageentscheidung des LG Berlin v. 2.6.2022 - 67 S 259/ 21, MDR 2023, 389, in dem eine Zahlungsverpflichtung erst und nur in einem späteren Erfolgsfall einer beauftragten Rechtsverfolgung greifen soll, sowie die daraufhin ergangene Entscheidung des EuGH v. 30.5.2024 - C-400/22, MDR 2024, 965.
Phosphorus transformations along a large‐scale climosequence in arid and semiarid grasslands of northern China
Authors: Feng Jiao , Turner Benjamin L. , Lü Xiaotao , Chen Zhenhua , Wei Kai , Tian Jihui , Wang Chao , Luo Wentao , Chen Lijun
Published: August 2016

The Walker and Syers model of phosphorus (P) transformations during long‐term soil development has been verified along many chronosequences but has rarely been examined along climosequences, particularly in arid regions. We hypothesized that decreasing aridity would have similar effects on soil P transformations as time by increasing the rate of pedogenesis. To assess this, we examined P fractions in arid and semiarid grassland soils (0‐10 cm) along a 3700 km aridity gradient in northern China (aridity between 0.43 and 0.97, calculated as 1 − [mean annual precipitation/potential evapotranspiration]). Primary mineral P declined as aridity decreased, although it still accounted for about 30% of the total P in the wettest sites. In contrast, the proportions of organic and occluded P increased as aridity decreased. These changes in soil P composition occurred in parallel with marked shifts in soil nutrient stoichiometry, with organic carbon:organic P and nitrogen:organic P ratios increasing with decreasing aridity. These results indicate increasing abundance of P relative to carbon or nitrogen along the climosequence. Overall, our results indicate a broad shift from abiotic to biotic control on P cycling at an aridity value of approximately 0.7 (corresponding to about 250 mm mean annual rainfall). We conclude that the Walker and Syers model can be extended to climosequences in arid and semiarid ecosystems and that the apparent decoupling of nutrient cycles in arid soils is a consequence of their pedogenic immaturity.
Supersubstorms (SML < −2500 nT): Magnetic storm and solar cycle dependences
Authors: Hajra Rajkumar , Tsurutani Bruce T. , Echer Ezequiel , Gonzalez Walter D. , Gjerloev Jesper W.
Published: August 2016

We study extremely intense substorms with SuperMAG AL (SML) peak intensities < −2500 nT (“supersubstorms”/SSSs) for the period from 1981 to 2012. The SSS events were often found to be isolated SML peaks and not statistical fluctuations of the indices. The SSSs occur during all phases of the solar cycle with the highest occurrence (3.8 year−1) in the descending phase. The SSSs exhibited an annual variation with equinoctial maximum altering between spring in solar cycle 22 and fall in solar cycle 23. The occurrence rate and strength of the SSSs did not show any strong relationship with the intensity of the associated geomagnetic storms. All SSS events were associated with strong southward interplanetary magnetic field Bs component. The Bs fields were part of interplanetary magnetic clouds in 46% and of interplanetary sheath fields in 54% of the cases. About 77% of the SSSs were associated with small regions of very high density solar wind plasma parcels or pressure pulses impinging upon the magnetosphere. Comments on how SSS events may cause power outages at Earth are discussed at the end of the paper.
A full‐particle Martian upper thermosphere‐exosphere model using the DSMC method
Authors: Terada Kaori , Terada Naoki , Shinagawa Hiroyuki , Fujiwara Hitoshi , Kasaba Yasumasa , Seki Kanako , Leblanc François , Chaufray Jean‐Yves , Modolo Ronan
Published: August 2016

A one‐dimensional full‐particle model of the Martian upper thermosphere‐exosphere has been developed, where the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method is applied to both thermal and nonthermal components. Our full‐particle model can self‐consistently solve the transition from collisional to collisionless domains in the upper thermosphere, so that the energy deposition from nonthermal energetic components to thermal components in the transition region is properly described. For the solar EUV condition during the Viking 1 measurement (1 EUV case), computed density profiles are in good agreement with those observed by Viking 1 and with the conventional model. For a solar EUV flux 6 times the Viking 1 condition (6 EUV case), the computed heating efficiency is essentially the same as the 1 EUV case but slightly increases by about 10% below the exobase, and temperature deviates from the conventional model in and above the transition region. This result suggests that the conventional heating efficiency of 0.18 is a good approximation for low (1 EUV case) to moderately strong (6 EUV case) solar EUV conditions but would be inappropriate for an extremely strong solar EUV (up to ~100 times stronger flux) environment. We also find that applying different models of the CO2‐O collisional energy transfer rate results in a difference in the calculated exobase temperature by 150 K for the 6 EUV case.
Monotonic decrease of the zonal SST gradient of the equatorial Pacific as a function of CO2 concentration in CCSM3 and CCSM4
Authors: Yang Jun , Peltier Wm. Richard , Hu Yongyun
Published: August 2016

The west‐east sea surface temperature (SST) gradient in the equatorial Pacific Ocean is a key feature of Earth's climate. How this gradient responds to varying climatic forcing is a challenge to both climate theory and climate modeling. Using the coupled atmosphere‐ocean general circulation models, Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) and version 4 (CCSM4), we show that the zonal SST gradient is an almost monotonically decreasing function of atmospheric CO2 concentration (pCO2) across a wide range from 17.5 to 4576 ppmv. As pCO2 is increased, the optical depth of clouds over the western and central Pacific increases significantly, reflecting more insolation back to space, suppressing surface warming in this region and thereby reducing the zonal SST gradient. Ocean adjustment to a weakening of surface zonal winds is characterized by relaxations of the equatorial thermocline tilt, zonal surface currents, and ocean upwelling.
Preparation and Interface Investigation of Fe/Al2O3P Composite Activated by Ni and Ti
Authors: Tang Shuli , Gao Yimin , Li Yefei , Zheng Qiaoling
Published: August 2016

Ceramic particles preforms are synthesized by vacuum sintering reaction between Al2O3 particles and active elements Ti and Ni. The surface of preforms sintered by Al2O3 and Ti consists of block‐shaped a‐Ti and fibrous TiO. As the content of Ti in preforms increases, the compressive strength of preforms rises first and then falls and the porosity decreases gradually. The preforms sintered of Al2O3 and Ni–Ti have much higher compressive strength, because of the compact sintered shell outside Al2O3 and the sintered necks between particles. Then the preforms/high‐Cr cast iron composite is fabricated by infiltration casting process. The three‐body abrasive wear resistance of composite is over 12 times higher than Cr15, owing to the protection of extruded Al2O3 and tightly bonded composite interface.
Cobalt(II)‐Catalyzed C−N Bond Formation: Synthesis of Aryl‐Substituted Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines
Authors: Rasheed Sk. , Rao Desaboini Nageswar , Das Parthasarathi
Published: August 2016

A novel protocol for cobalt(II)‐catalyzed synthesis of 2‐arylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines and 3‐arylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines by direct C−N bond formation has been developed. This ligand‐ and base‐free oxidative process is regioselective and has good functional group tolerability. This annulation reaction probably involves a CoII/CoIII catalytic system and uses molecular oxygen (O2) as terminal oxidant. This cobalt catalyst system is simple and efficient, which holds potential for application in C−N bond formation.
Stereochemischer Verlauf der enzymatischen Synthese von Benzylsuccinat mit chiral markiertem Toluol
Authors: Seyhan Deniz , Friedrich Peter , Szaleniec Maciej , Hilberg Markus , Buckel Wolfgang , Golding Bernard T. , Heider Johann
Published: August 2016

Benzylsuccinat‐Synthase ist ein Glycylradikal‐Enzym, das den anaeroben Toluolstoffwechsel durch Addition von Fumarat an die Methylgruppe des Toluols unter Bildung von (R)‐Benzylsuccinat einleitet. Zur Aufklärung der Frage, ob die Reaktion unter Retention oder Inversion der Konfiguration der Methylgruppe des Toluols verläuft, wurden beide Enantiomere von chiral markiertem Toluol synthetisiert. Diese Enantiomere, die jeweils alle drei H‐Isotope in ihren Methylgruppen enthalten, wurden zu Benzylsuccinaten umgesetzt. Aufgrund eines kinetischen Isotopeneffekts, der die Abstraktion von 1H von den Methylgruppen begünstigt, enthielten diese Produkte an ihren benzylischen C‐Atomen vorwiegend 2H und 3H. Die Analyse ihrer Konfiguration erfolgte durch CoA‐Thioester‐Synthese und stereospezifische Oxidation mit Enzymen, die am Abbau von Benzylsuccinat beteiligt sind. Die Analyse der Konfigurationen der Benzylsuccinat‐Isomere über den Verlust oder die Beibehaltung von Tritium zeigte, dass die Reaktion der beiden Enantiomere mit Fumarat unter Inversion der Konfiguration der Methylgruppen verläuft.
Isolation and Structure of Germylene‐Germyliumylidenes Stabilized by N‐Heterocyclic Imines
Authors: Ochiai Tatsumi , Szilvási Tibor , Franz Daniel , Irran Elisabeth , Inoue Shigeyoshi
Published: August 2016

The ditopic germanium complex FGe(NIPr)2Ge[BF4] (3[BF4]; IPr=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin‐2‐ylidene) is prepared by the reaction of the amino(imino)germylene (Me3Si)2NGeNIPr (1) with BF3⋅OEt2. This monocation is converted into the germylene‐germyliumylidene 3[BArF4] [ArF=3,5‐(CF3)2‐C6H3] by treatment with Na[BArF4]. The tetrafluoroborate salt 3[BF4] reacts with 2 equivalents of Me3SiOTf to give the novel complex (OTf)(GeNIPr)2[OTf] (4[OTf]), which affords 4[BArF4] and 4[Al(ORF)4] [RF=C(CF3)3] after anion exchange with Na[BArF4] or Ag[Al(ORF)4], respectively. The computational, as well as crystallographic study, reveals that 4+ has significant bis(germyliumylidene) dication character.