bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combining Ability Estimation for Grain Yield of Maize Exotic Germplasm Using Testers from Three Heterotic Groups
Authors: Fan Xing‐Ming , Yin Xing‐Fu , Zhang Yu‐Dong , Bi Ya‐Qi , Liu Li , Chen Hong‐Mei , Kang Manjit S.
Published: June 2016

Combining ability estimates of lines to be used in breeding are useful for maize (Zea mays L.) breeders. The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate combining ability of 25 improved exotic germplasm using different numbers of testers (1 to 3) from Suwan1, Reid, and non‐Reid heterotic groups; (ii) study differences in combining ability estimates obtained with different number of testers from the same vs. different heterotic groups; and (iii) determine the appropriate segregating (‘S’) generation in which line selection should be done to obtain stable general combining ability (GCA) estimates of lines. The results showed that three testers (one from each of the three heterotic groups) were economically best for estimating GCA effects of lines, and if a tester from one of the three heterotic groups was missed, GCA estimates for some lines were biased when compared with GCA estimates with testers from all three heterotic groups. Second, the specific combining ability (SCA) effects of test‐crosses were quite similar regardless of whether one or two testers were used from each of the three heterotic groups. Thus, to obtain reliable SCA estimates, at least one tester would need to be used from each of the heterotic groups. Third, the SCA effects were different among crosses between different lines and testers, and to obtain stable estimates of GCA effects for a line, S4 or S5 generation should be the earliest generation in which to begin selection. However, to select lines with diverse genetic backgrounds, S3 should be the key generation for selection.
Sintomatología frontal y trastornos de personalidad en usuarios de drogas ilícitas
Authors: González Roscigno Eumarjorit Andrea , Mujica Díaz Astrid Lorena , Terán Mendoza Oscar Eduardo , Guerrero Alcedo Jesús Manuel , Arroyo Alvarado Daniela De Jesús
Published: June 2016

La dependencia a sustancias ilícitas es un problema del ámbito mundial, que afecta a la población independientemente de la edad, sexo, cultura o estrato social; algunos de los factores que mantienen el consumo de sustancias son los trastornos de personalidad y los daños en los lóbulos frontales, a su vez, estos últimos podrían ser un elemento que explica las alteraciones en los patrones de personalidad.  El objetivo de este artículo, en primer lugar, es determinar la influencia de la dependencia a sustancias sobre los trastornos de personalidad y la sintomatología frontal y en segundo lugar, relacionar la sintomatología frontal y los trastornos de personalidad en personas dependientes a sustancias.  En la investigación de la que parte este texto, participaron 110 personas, 55 dependientes a sustancias y 55 de población no clínica, quienes llenaron las escalas ISP y MCMI-III.  Dentro de los resultados se halló que las personas dependientes a sustancias presentan mayor daño en los lóbulos pre-frontales y alta probabilidad de desarrollar trastornos de personalidad, además existen relaciones significativas entre los trastornos de personalidad y las dificultades en las actividades cotidianas relacionadas con las funciones del lóbulo prefrontal. Los trastornos que más se presentan en la población clínica son el Antisocial, Evitativo y Depresivo, éstos se asocian al deterioro en el lóbulo frontal del cerebro, principalmente en las áreas que atañen a las capacidades de control emocional, y en las funciones ejecutivas. Se concluye que los daños en el lóbulo frontal y la tendencia al desarrollo de trastornos de personalidad se ven influenciados por la dependencia a sustancias, existiendo a su vez correlaciones altamente significativas entre ambas variables.
Estado del arte del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en el departamento del Quindío, en el periodo 2009-2012
Authors: Andrade Salazar José Alonso , Torres Rojas Dayanne Alexis
Published: June 2016

Este trabajo es descriptivo-comparativo, de corte cuantitativo y tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión de investigaciones acerca del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA) en el periodo 2009-2012, en el departamento del Quindío. Cabe resaltar, que el consumo de SPA afecta tanto la calidad y expectativa de vida de las personas consumidoras, como la de sus familias y comunidad. En este sentido, su consumo se constituye en una pandemia y en una innegable problemática de salud a nivel macro, meso y micro social. En el eje cafetero, la investigación se ha realizado sobre grupos focales y atañe a configuraciones familiares y sociales, perfiles, características e incidencia del fenómeno.
Factores relacionados con la persistencia del hábito tabáquico en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Neira Loaiza Natalia , Parrado Corredor Felipe Ernesto
Published: June 2016

El hábito tabáquico es un problema de salud pública que causa millones de muertes en el mundo.  A pesar de la existencia de leyes nacionales que restringen su venta y distribución en espacios próximos a centros educativos, el cigarrillo es consumido al menos una vez en la vida por uno de cada cuatro estudiantes universitarios en Colombia. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo describir los factores relacionados con la persistencia del hábito tabáquico en un grupo de 57 estudiantes universitarios, en comparación a 14 estudiantes que cumplieron al menos el 50% de un programa de cesación de consumo. Se utilizaron: Test de Fagerström, el cuestionario QSU Brief, cooximetría y un cuestionario sobre el hábito tabáquico. Se encontró que el craving determina la persistencia de los estudiantes en la conducta de fumar, los fumadores que evitan el proceso de cesación marcan niveles más altos de dependencia y craving negativo frente a los participantes que realizaron el programa; la consideración de dejar de fumar estuvo asociada a exámenes académicos, reuniones sociales y la forma de consumo. En conclusión, los exámenes académicos, las reuniones sociales y las formas de consumo, son situaciones que facilitan la persistencia del hábito, probablemente controlan el craving en los estudiantes y podrían reforzar la dependencia al cigarrillo.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE ÚLCERA DE PRESSÃO COMO INDICADOR SENTINELA PARA AVALIAÇÃO DA ASSISTÊNCIA DOMICILIAR PRESTADA AO PACIENTE ACAMADO: UM PAPEL DA AUDITORIA DE QUALIDADE
Authors: Forechi Ludimila , Carneiro Ana Cláudia Silva
Published: June 2016

Este artigo objetiva avaliar a qualidade das práticas assistenciais ao paciente acamado realizadas por uma empresa terceirizada a uma operadora de saúde da região da grande Vitória-ES, por meio do desenvolvimento de úlcera de pressão como um indicador sentinela. Métodos: relato de experiência feito após implementação do serviço de auditoria de uma operadora de saúde suplementar do tipo medicina de grupo. A amostra foi composta de 20 pacientes acamados, em internação domiciliar, que receberam atendimento por uma equipe multidisciplinar pelo período entre dezembro de 2014 e 2015. Resultados: A amostra era composta em sua maior parte por indivíduos com idade abaixo de 30 anos, do sexo masculino, com tempo de internação de até 3 anos e diagnóstico de doença por causa genética ou neurológica. Nove beneficiários necessitaram da presença do técnico de enfermagem acrescentada na equipe assistencial básica. Apesar de esses pacientes requererem maiores cuidados em relação a seu estado de saúde, nenhum desenvolveu úlcera de pressão durante o período de acompanhamento. Em contrapartida, em 3 pacientes em que o serviço oferecido não era ampliado devido a menor complexidade, houve aparecimento de úlceras de pressão. Conclusão: Apesar da implementação do Projeto de Internação Domiciliar ter resultados satisfatórios, medidas educacionais constantes dos familiares/cuidadores devem ser providenciadas para evitar a ocorrência de úlceras de decúbito em paciente acamados que não recebe atendimento de profissionais de saúde por 24 horas
AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR DO DISTRITO DE VARGINHA NO MUNICÍPIO DE MIRADOURO – MINAS GERAIS: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Pêgo Rogério Gomes , Garcia Phillip De Alcântara
Published: June 2016

A agricultura familiar na cidade de Miradouro-MG é responsável por grande parte do movimento econômico local e circulação de renda; por isso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar o perfil socioeconômico dos produtores rurais familiares do distrito de Varginha, município de Miradouro-MG. Foi utilizado um questionário semiestruturado, aplicado a 30 produtores rurais que compuseram a amostra do trabalho. De acordo com esse levantamento, 100% dos agricultores familiares do distrito de Varginha residem em zona rural e têm a atividade agrícola como principal fonte de renda. Os produtores entrevistados possuem nível de escolaridade até a quarta série do ensino fundamental e trabalham em propriedade rural própria, cuja área varia de 5 a 25 hectares. A pecuária de leite é a mais importante atividade dos produtores rurais dessa comunidade, seguida pela cafeicultura e o cultivo de hortaliças. A maioria dos agricultores está interessada em aprender sobre técnicas que possibilitem melhorias de sua produtividade; 47% deles apontaram que o controle de pragas é um assunto interessante, pois isso limitava em algum momento a produção da propriedade e 33% têm interesse em cursos de planejamento e gerenciamento da propriedade. A maioria dos produtores rurais entrevistados alegaram ganhar 1 salário mínimo mensal, sendo que a maioria das famílias estudadas afirmaram que tanto o homem quanto a mulher contribuem com renda da família.
DESAFIOS DA INTEGRAÇÃO DO PARQUE NACIONAL DA SERRA DOS ÓRGÃOS COM A COMUNIDADE DO BONFIM
Authors: Filho Hamilton , Medeiros Rodrigo , Valverde Yara
Published: June 2016

Nos últimos anos, o Brasil é um dos países que mais se destacaram na criação de áreas especialmente protegidas. Os parques nacionais fazem parte da categoria que mais recebem incentivos e visibilidade por fazerem parte do grupo de proteção integral e, também, por permitir a visitação do público. A área no entorno dos parques nacionais é um espaço sensível, tanto pela conservação dos recursos naturais quanto pela ocupação realizada pelas populações humanas que ali vivem. O presente trabalho procurou entender a relação entre o Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (PARNASO) e a comunidade do Bonfim que se encontra no seu entorno e no seu interior. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados censitários, de pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, e a realização de um estudo de caso e análise quantitativa e qualitativa dos resultados. Verificou-se que a relação entre o parque e o Bonfim tem um histórico antigo de conflitos, porém, há uma gama de possibilidades em que ambas as partes podem ser beneficiadas.  Porém, para que isso se torne uma realidade, é necessário o aperfeiçoamento das políticas e dos projetos por parte do poder público em relação a essa e outras comunidades que estão na sua zona de amortecimento.
Reductive Heck reactions of N-arylamino-substituted tricyclic imides
Authors: Atbakar Muge , Topbastekin Onur , Ocal Nuket
Published: June 2016

The C-C coupling of N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)amino-bicyclo[2.2.1]
hept-8-ene-2-endo,6-endo-dicarboximide (3) which was prepared as a new
starting material and N-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)aminobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-8-
-ene-2-endo,6-endo-dicarboximide (6) with aryl- and heteroaryl iodides gave
the aryl(hetaryl), N-arylaminotricyclic imides 4a-d and 7a-d under reductive
Heck conditions.
Role of Conventional Childhood Risk Factors Versus Genetic Risk in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes and Impaired Fasting Glucose in Adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
Authors: Pitkänen Niina , Juonala Markus , Rönnemaa Tapani , Sabin Matthew A. , Hutri-Kähönen Nina , Kähönen Mika , Lehtimäki Terho , Viikari Jorma S.A. , Raitakari Olli T.
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE

We examined whether the addition of novel genetic risk variant data to conventional childhood risk factors improves risk assessment of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and type 2 diabetes in adulthood.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

An association of a weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) based on 73 risk variants with IFG and type 2 diabetes was analyzed in 2,298 participants of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study who were followed for 24–31 years from childhood to adulthood. In addition, the value of the wGRS in pediatric prediction of type 2 diabetes was examined.

RESULTS

Of the 2,298 participants, 484 (21.8%) and 79 (3.4%) had IFG or type 2 diabetes in adulthood, respectively. Adjusting for age, sex, baseline BMI, parental diabetes, mother’s BMI, fasting insulin concentration, systolic blood pressure, and smoking status, wGRS was associated with an increased risk of IFG (odds ratio 1.64 [95% CI 1.33–2.01] per unit increase in the wGRS) and type 2 diabetes (2.22 [1.43–3.44]). Incorporating wGRS into pediatric risk models improved model discrimination and reclassification properties. Area under the receiver operating curve improved for IFG (from 0.678 to 0.691, P = 0.015), combined IFG and type 2 diabetes outcome (from 0.678 to 0.692, P = 0.007), and type 2 diabetes (from 0.728 to 0.749, P = 0.158). The net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement were significant for all outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

A multifactorial approach combining genetic and clinical risk factors may be useful in identifying children at high risk for adult IFG and type 2 diabetes.
Negotiating a Financial Package for Freeways: How California’s Collier–Burns Highway Act Helped Pave the Way for the Era of the American Interstate Highway
Authors: Morris Eric A. , Brown Jeffrey R. , Taylor Brian D.
Published: June 2016

With the Collier–Burns Highway Act of 1947, California pioneered a new system of highway finance. In response to estimates of enormous highway needs in the postwar period, the state planned substantial increases in funding. The key debate was about who would pay what share. Legislators planned a significant increase in the motor fuel tax and a shift of more of the tax burden onto heavy vehicles, which inflicted most damage to roads. However, the proposal met with intense opposition from motorist groups, oil companies, and truckers. California eventually passed legislation that established the first-ever trust fund dedicating highway user tax revenue to roads, a law that was later copied widely, including by Congress in 1956, when the Interstate system was funded. The trucking industry in California defeated proposals to require it to shoulder more of the financial burden; this outcome too would be repeated elsewhere, including at the federal level. Finally, the inclusion of urban freeways eased the California legislation’s passage, and this provision also became a key element of the federal Interstate legislation. Thus, the legacy of Collier–Burns reaches well beyond California to influence transportation and public finance across the United States to the present day.
Registration of Common Bean Pinto PRP 153 and VCP 13 with High Levels of Broad‐Spectrum White Mold Resistance
Authors: Singh Shree P. , Schwartz Howard F. , Terán Henry , Centeno Carlos , Otto Kristen
Published: June 2016

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) pinto breeding lines PRP 153 (Reg. No. GP‐300, PI 676973) and VCP 13 (Reg. No. GP‐301, PI 676974) possess high levels of broad‐spectrum (i.e., combining two or more sources of resistance) resistance to white mold [caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary]. Both breeding lines were jointly developed at the University of Idaho, Kimberly Research and Extension Center and Colorado State University, Fort Collins. VCP 13 was derived from an interspecific recurrent backcross population between common bean pinto ‘UI 320’ and P. coccineus PI 439534 (UI 320*2/PI 439534). PRP 153 was selected from the double‐cross USPT‐WM‐1/CORN 601//USPT‐CBB‐1/92BG‐7. PRP 153 and VCP 13 have significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher levels of resistance (mean disease scores ranging from 3.0 to 3.7) than previously reported in common bean to S. sclerotiorum isolates ARS12D, ARS14D, ARS14M, ARS15T, CO467, ND710, and NY133. PRP 153 also has resistance to the less‐aggressive strain ARX8AC of the common blight pathogen, Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli Smith (Dye). Both lines have an indeterminate prostrate growth habit Type III. They are late maturing, requiring 100 d or longer from planting to harvest maturity in southern Idaho. White mold resistance from PRP 153 and VCP 13 should be combined together with other contrasting and complementary sources of resistance to breed for yet higher levels of broad‐spectrum resistance and/or introgressed into common bean cultivars of different market classes to combat white mold disease in the United States and elsewhere.
Registration of ‘CP 07‐2137’ Sugarcane
Authors: Sandhu Hardev , McCord Per , Comstock Jack , Edmé Serge , Zhao Duli , Singh Maninder , Davidson Wayne , Sood Sushma , Glynn Neil , Gilbert Robert , Gordon Vanessa , Baltazar Miguel , McCorkle Katherine
Published: June 2016

‘CP 07‐2137’ (Reg. No. CV‐167, PI 676024) sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp.) was released in September 2014 to be cultivated on sandy soils (Entisols) in Florida. CP 07‐2137 was developed through a collaborative cultivar development program of the USDA‐ARS, the University of Florida, and the Florida Sugarcane League, Inc. based at Canal Point (CP), FL. The female parent of CP 07‐2137 is CP 01‐2390, a promising experimental clone on sand that was not released commercially due to its susceptibility to smut disease (caused by Sporisorium scitamineum). The male parent is a commercial sugarcane cultivar CP 84‐1198, cultivated on both muck (Histosols) and sand. CP 07‐2137 was released due to its significantly greater cane yield, sucrose yield, and economic index than the reference check (‘CP 78‐1628’), which is continuously to be the most favorable CP cultivar on sand for last several years. Overall mean cane yield, sucrose yield and economic index in CP 07‐2137 were 37, 44, and 45% greater than CP 78‐1628, respectively. CP 07‐2137 is also resistant to orange rust [caused by Puccinia kuehnii (Kruger) E. Butler] and leaf scald [caused by Xanthomonas albilineans (Ashby) Dowson] diseases. Although the Bru1 gene (brown rust resistance gene) was absent, CP 07‐2137 is moderately resistant to brown rust (caused by P. melanocephala Syd. & P. Syd.). CP 07‐2137 had poor freeze tolerance, ranking 48th in plant cane and 40th in first ratoon among 54 genotypes tested for their deterioration in sucrose content after exposure to freezing temperatures.
Registration of ‘USDA‐N8002’ Soybean Cultivar with High Yield and Abiotic Stress Resistance Traits
Authors: Carter T. E. , Todd S. M. , Gillen A. M.
Published: June 2016

‘USDA‐N8002’ (Reg. No. CV‐519, PI 676972) is a conventional maturity‐group (MG) VIII soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar developed and released by the USDA‐ARS in September 2015. USDA‐N8002 is the first North American MG VIII soybean cultivar exhibiting drought resistance and high yield potential. It is the first U.S. release derived from PI 471938 (25% by pedigree) and the second MG VIII release derived from PI 416937 (12.5% by pedigree). USDA‐N8002 exhibits slow or delayed canopy‐wilting, sustained N fixation during drought stress, and a water‐conserving transpiration response when exposed to atmospheric vapor pressure deficit. USDA‐N8002 is an F4–derived cultivar from a cross of USDA‐ARS cultivar N7002 and USDA‐ARS breeding line N98‐7265. USDA‐N8002 was yield tested in a total of 74 environments across the southeastern United States in the United Soybean Board Southern Soybean Diversity Yield Trials MGVII‐VIII (Diversity Trials), the USDA Uniform Soybean Tests– Southern States, Uniform Group VIII (Uniform Tests), and the North Carolina Official Variety Tests MG VII–VIII (NC‐OVT). USDA‐N8002 yielded 7% greater (p < 0.05) than the check cultivar N8001 in the Uniform Tests, 5% greater in the NC‐OVT (p < 0.05), and 5% greater in the Diversity Trials (p = 0.09). The diverse ancestry, drought resistance, and high yield potential of this release suggest it can provide new options for soybean breeding and production in the southeastern United States.
Registration of DT99‐16864 Soybean Germplasm Line with Moderate Resistance to Charcoal Rot [Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.]
Authors: Gillen Anne M. , Mengistu Alemu , Smith James R. , Paris Robert L.
Published: June 2016

Charcoal rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., is a disease that is a worldwide problem in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production for which no highly resistant cultivars are currently available. It has been estimated that charcoal rot was among the most important diseases for suppressing yield of soybean in the USA from 1996 to 2007. Soybean breeding line DT99‐16864 (Reg. No. GP‐404, PI 675996), with moderate resistance to charcoal rot disease, was developed and released by the USDA‐ARS, Stoneville, MS. DT99‐16864 originated from a single F5 plant derived from a cross of ‘S59‐60’ × ‘Bolivar’. The breeding population was advanced from the F2 to the F5 generation using the single‐seed descent method. Colony‐forming units, root and stem severity scores, and other rating methods indicated that DT99‐16864 had significantly lower levels of M. phaseolina infection than susceptible checks in trials in Stoneville, MS, and Jackson, TN. In the Uniform Soybean Tests–Southern States, DT99‐16864 was not significantly different from the check cultivars ’5002T’ and ’5601T’ for yield. DT99‐16864 belongs to maturity group V and is later in maturity than DT97‐4290, a moderately resistant charcoal rot line that is adapted to the midsouthern United States. The well‐documented moderate resistance of DT99‐16864 to M. phaseolina infestation, and good yield potential, will make this line useful for research and breeding.
Acute metabolic, physiological and neuromuscular responses to two high- intensity intermittent training protocols in endurance runners
Authors: García-Pinillos Felipe , Párraga-Montilla Juan A. , Soto-Hermoso Víctor M. , Salas-Sánchez Jesús , Latorre-Román Pedro Á.
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND:

Since a growing body of evidence points to mean training intensity over a season as a key factor to performance improvements, and there is wide evidence of the benefits of high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) for endurance athletes, coaches need further information about the acute impact of typical HIIT workouts on endurance runners.

OBJECTIVE:

To compare the physiological strain and muscular performance parameters of endurance runners during two HIIT workouts by determining whether a typical HIIT for endurance runners (10 × 400 m) leads to a similar impact as a HIIT protocol (40 × 100 m) that increases the average training pace despite maintaining the same training volume.

METHODS:

Eighteen endurance runners performed 2 HIITs. Metabolic (blood lactate [BLa], blood ammonia [BAmm]), neuromuscular (countermovement jump [CMJ], handgrip strength test [HS]), and physiological responses were monitored during both protocols.

RESULTS:

No significant differences between HIITs were found for BLa_1 min post-test, BAmm, HS and HRpeak. Significant differences were found in fatigue-induced changes in CMJ performance (-0.36 cm in 40 × 100 m; +1.48 cm in 10 × 400 m), and in average pace (P< 0.001) which was faster during the 40 × 100 m.

CONCLUSIONS:

Despite similar physiological, metabolic, and HS responses, the 40 × 100 m protocol allowed runners to train at a higher intensity, which might have important effects on the training prescription for endurance runners.
Performance-based correlates to vertical jump height and power values
Authors: Barbosa Amanda G. , Gutierrez Evelyn V. , Keller Michael W. , Martin Jake L. , McArtor Jon D. , Baptista Rachel A. , West Jason O. , Caruso John F.
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND:

Vertical jumps are an important component to many athletic endeavors. Identification of performance variables that act as correlates to vertical jump prowess is important to help achieve success in sports.

OBJECTIVE:

To examine which performance-based variables (kinetic, temporal, force-time integrative, expressed relative to body mass) are the best correlates to vertical jump height and power.

METHODS:

Men (n = 117) performed vertical jumps on an instrumented platform placed aside a Vertec; both devices obtained data as jumps occurred. Vertec values were used to identify jump height and power, each of which served as criterion measures. The platform provided six performance-based variables from the countermovement and takeoff phases of jumps; they were used to predict the variance per criterion measure via multivariate regression.

RESULTS:

With either jump height or power as a criterion, each analysis revealed a significant amount of variance correlated to our performance-based independent variables. Univariate correlations showed peak force and area under the curve were the best predictors of jump height and power variance. Our results concur with studies that employed similar subjects.

CONCLUSIONS:

Kinetic and force-time integrative variables are the best correlates to jump height and power values for criterion measures derived from an instrumented platform.
Active intervals during high-intensity resistance exercises enhance post-exercise hypotension in hypertensive women controlled by medications
Authors: Abrahin Odilon , Rodrigues Rejane P. , Ramos Ayrton M. , da Silva-Grigoletto Marzo E. , Pardono Emerson , Marçal Anderson C.
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND:

Active and passive interval during resistance exercises can cause different hemodynamic responses.

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the effect of passive and active intervals between sets of high-intensity resistance exercise on post-exercise hypotension in hypertensive women.

METHODS:

Fifteen sedentary women who have hypertension controlled by medication [64.1 ± 7.9 years, systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) < 90 mmHg] performed one control session without exercise and two resistance exercises sessions with passive and active intervals between sets, in a randomized order. All hypertensive women participated in a supervised resistance training session. SBP and DBP were measured in six different times for all sessions. The first two measures were at rest (10 and 15 minutes) followed by 15-minute intervals after the end of control/exercise sessions up to one hour.

RESULTS:

Post-exercise hypotension (p < 0.05) was observed in SBP after active intervals session compared with passive interval session, at 30 and 45 minutes. The area under the delta curve of SBP in the active protocol was ∼ 21 mmHg of hypotension during 60 minutes, 10 mmHg in passive protocol and 5 mmHg in the control session.

CONCLUSIONS:

Active intervals during high-intensity resistance exercises promote higher post-exercise hypotension compared with passive intervals.
The number of sessions required to stabilize peak torque and rate of torque development in isometric contractions in young, middle-age and older individuals
Authors: Libardi Cleiton Augusto , Souza Thiago Mattos Frota , Conceição Miguel Soares , Chacon-Mikahil Mara Patricia Traina , Ugrinowitsch Carlos , Bonganha Valéria , Fazolin Marcio Franco , de Moraes Antonio Carlos , Cavaglieri Cláudia Regina
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) is used to determine both peak torque (PT) and rate of torque development (RTD). Familiarization sessions are usually performed to stabilize PT and RTD when performing MVIC. However, it is not clear how many familiarization sessions are required to achieve such stability in different age groups.

METHODS:

Thirty-three healthy individuals were divided into three groups: young group (YG; 5 men and 7 women, age 22.75 ± 4.53 years), middle-aged group (MAG; 6 men and 5 women, age 50.45 ± 6.12 years) and elderly group (EG; 6 men and 4 women, age 67.80 ± 7.28 years). Individuals performed the MVICs using an isokinetic dynamometer, in four different occasions separated by at least 72 hours.

RESULTS:

There were no differences in PT and RTD between familiarization sessions for all age groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings suggest that the present protocol of MVIC is capable of stabilizing PT and RTD in the first testing session in young, middle-aged and elderly groups.
Syntheses and In-vitro Evaluation of Tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA) Based Analogues as High Affinity Choline Transporter (HAChT) Imaging Probe
Authors: Azim Mohammad Anwar Ul , Kozaka Takashi , Uno Izumi , Miwa Daisuke , Kitamura Yoji , Ogawa Kazuma , Shiba Kahuhiro
Published: June 2016

Introduction: In cholinergic neurons, high affinity choline uptake (HACU) by the high affinity choline transporter (HAChT) is a rate-limiting and regulatory step for the synthesis of Acetylcholine (Ach).Thus, HAChT appear to be a relatively specific presynaptic marker for cholinergic neurons in Alzheimers disease.Objectives: The principle objective of the study is to check the affinity of tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA) derivatives for HAChT. Another objective of the research work is to clarify whether the hemicholinium-3 (ChT inhibitor) and HACU enhancer molecules share the same binding sites or not.Materials and Methods: The inhibition activities of tacrine, the 2,3-dimethylfuran derivative of tacrine (DMTA) and their corresponding 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetyl derivatives, namely PTAA and MKC-231 were measured by displacement of a typical HAChT antagonist [3H]HC-3 in rat cerebral membrane. The percentage of inhibition against the binding of [3H]HC-3 to HAChT were calculated using GraphPad Prism v4 software.Results: Hemicholinium-3 showed affinity for HAChT (IC50 = 20 nM) in the in vitro binding assay. A very insignificant inhibition activity (IC50 = 1000 nM) of Tacrine was revealed. The newly synthesized tacrine derivatives, DMTA and PTAA did not show any affinity for HAChT. Although MKC-231 was reported to enhance cholinergic activity at synaptic terminals, it did not show any affinity for the HAChT in [3H]HC-3 binding assay.Conclusion: In vitro [3H]HC-3 binding assay revealed no affinity of MKC-231, tacrine and its corresponding2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetate derivative towards HAChT. So, it is worthy to develop radiolabeled HC-3 derivatives with high affinity for HAChT, which can diffuse the BBB, to enable the in vivo investigation of HACU system.Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 17(2): 97-102, July 2014
99m TcMDP Bone Scan in Lung Cancer: Predilection Sites for Metastasis
Authors: Begum Shamim Momtaz Ferdousi , Jabin Zeenat , Perveen Rahima , Sultana Nasreen , Banu Laila S
Published: June 2016

Introduction: Bone scan with 99m Tc-MDP is a commonly used procedure for evaluation of bone metastases because of its high sensitivity, availability, and relatively low cost. The predilection sites for bone metastasis in patients particularly with lung cancers were investigated in this study.Methods: The study was done at the National Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (NINMAS) between January 2013 and June 2014. A total of 123 patients with lung cancers who had whole body scintigraphy with 99mTc-MDP were studied. The bone scans were interpreted by experienced Nuclear Medicine physicians and the predilection sites with pattern of skeletal metastasis were analyzed.Results: Among the 123 (m/f: 104/19) cases studied, 99 (80.5%) patients had bone metastasis. Solitary metastatic lesion was detected in 18.2% cases, multiple lesions in 59.6% cases and extensive metastases were noted in 18.2% cases. Features of hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthopathy were present in 4% cases. The predilection sites for metastases from lung cancer appear to be in the ribs (75% cases) followed by spines (54% cases) and pelvis (23% cases). In total 595 metastatic lesions were detected, among them 469(78.8%) were distributed in axial skeleton and 126 (21.2%) were in appendicular skeleton. Metastatic involvement was higher in axial skeleton comparing to the appendicular skeleton and the difference was statistically significant (Z=13.99, P<0.001). Similarly metastatic lesions detected on right side of body were 235 in number and on left side of the body were 189 in number. This difference of distribution between right and left side was also found to be statistically significant (Z=2.218, p<0.002).Conclusion: Bone metastasis is very common in patients with lung cancer. The predilection site for metastasis was the axial skeleton, which had statistically higher involvement than appendicular skeleton. Distributions of metastatic bone lesions were higher in ribs followed by vertebrae and pelvis. Significant difference was observed in the distribution of metastasis between the right and left side of body.Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 17(2): 120-124, July 2014
Evaluation of skeletal metastatic pattern by 99m Tc- Methylene diphosphonate in prostatic carcinoma patients
Authors: Sultana Nasreen , Jabin Zeenat , Parveen Rahima , Begum Shamim MF , Begum Rokeya
Published: June 2016

Objective: The objective of this study was to find out the pattern of skeletal metastasis in-patient with prostatic carcinoma by using 99mTechnetium-Methylene diphosphonate (99mTc MDP).Methods: This retrospective study was carried out at the National Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (NINMAS) from January 2014 to December 2014. The study included 65 histologically proven prostatic carcinoma patients. They were divided into three groups according to their age. Whole body bone scintigraphy was performed with 99mTc MDP and was interpreted by expert nuclear medicine physicians as negative or positive for skeletal metastases.Results: Bone scan was done on 65 prostate cancer patients. They were divided into three groups according to their age. In this series, the lowest age of patients were 50 years and highest 85 years with a mean ± SD was 65.80 ± 10.11 years. Group A comprised of 14 subjects age ranged 50 to 59 years. Out of them 8 (57%) were positive for skeletal metastasis. Group B comprised of 25 subjects and age range from 60 to 69 years. Out of them 18(72%) were positive for skeletal metastasis. Third group C comprised of 26 subjects and age ranged from 70-80+ years of age. Out of 26 subjects 22(84%) were positive for skeletal metastasis. The most common site involved was dorsal vertebrae in which 60% secondaries were isolated. Sacroiliac joint 39% and ribs 33% were the second and third most common affected areas respectively. Other involved sites were skull, sacrum, lumbar vertebrae, ileum, mandible, femur, sternum, cervical vertebrae, iliac crest, scapula, hip joint, tibia and pelvis.Conclusion: This retrospective study focused on the pattern of skeletal metastasis in various bony sites due to prostate carcinoma, which might be helpful for the oncologist and clinician in further treatment planning.Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 17(2): 130-133, July 2014
Quantification of Patient Specific Dosimetry in Radionuclide Therapy: A Phantom Study
Authors: Quadir Kamila Afroj , Zimmermann Brian , Hossain Md Nahid , Islam Md Nurul , Begum Ferdoushi , Biman Tanvir Ahmed , Azim Mohammad Anwar Ul
Published: June 2016

The accuracy of patient specific dosimetry is correlated with measured organ activity by gamma camera and SPECT system. The assessment of the radiation-absorbed dose by patients undergoing nuclear medicine investigation requires accurate measurement of organ activity, biokinetics data, as well as physical data. Activities were estimated by using Ba-133 phantom with both planar and SPECT systems. The objective of the study was to measure the activities of Ba-133 from gamma camera images using both planar and SPECT studies and compare the reference values with the dose calibrator values to quantify the actual activity with gamma camera. Four Ba-133 sources of different volume and activity 379, 950, 1219 and 1150 KBq are measured by using Veenstra Instrument VDC 404 Dose Calibrator. The second smallest source was used to determine the calibration factor. Acquisition, corrections, reconstruction, quantification and measuring activity from both planar and SPECT imaging were done with all Ba-133 sources in air. The activities of the Ba-133 sources were also measured using I-131 settings of the dose calibrator. The measurement of the second smallest source was used to obtain the calibration factor. This calibration factor was used to convert the planer and SPECT image count of all the sources into activities. In case of both planar and SPECT gamma camera, the measurements showed good correlations and all the values varied within ±15%. Planer and SPECT gamma camera image counts can be used to calculate activity in the organ. This information can play a very significant role in evaluating image based patient specific dosimetry in radionuclide therapy.Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 17(2): 134-137, July 2014
Sestamibi Positive Vs Negative Scan In Primary Hyperparathyroidism; A Clinical Dilemma
Authors: Rahman Hosne Ara , Haque Jasmine Ara , Sharmin Samira
Published: June 2016

Objectives: In primary hyperthyroidism Tc-99m Sestamibi (MIBI) scanning is commonly used for localization of abnormal parathyroid gland and the reported sensitivity is very high. However, false negative scan remain a problem. We examined whether serum calcium and parathormone (PTH) level have any impact in the sensitivity of MIBI scan.Study design: A retrospective review of 55 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who underwent MIBI scan from January 2012 to December 2014 were included in this study. All patients underwent parathyroid surgery followed by histopathological confirmation.Results: In total, 55 patients were studied. Mean age was 41.3 ± 19.8 years (range 21-63 years). MIBI scan was true positive in 37 cases and false negative in 18 cases. The sensitivity of MIBI scan was 67.2 %. Mean serum calcium level was 12.3 mg/ dL. More than 62.2 % of patients with calcium level greater than 12.3 mg/dL had a positive scan as compared with 37.8% of those with lesser value (P<0.05). Similarly a serum PTH level greater than 316 ± 139 pg/mL correlated with positive scans in 78.4 % as opposed to 21.6 % in those with lower levels (P< 0 .01).Conclusion: Lower calcium and PTH level significantly correlate with reduced sensitivity of MIBI scan. Although we did not find the best cut-off level of serum calcium and PTH level that can predict a positive scan.Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 17(2): 142-145, July 2014
Optimal Magnetic Field for Crossing Super-Para-Magnetic Nanoparticles through the Brain Blood Barrier: A Computational Approach
Authors: Pedram Maysam , Shamloo Amir , Alasty Aria , Ghafar-Zadeh Ebrahim
Published: June 2016

This paper scrutinizes the magnetic field effect to deliver the superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPMNs) through the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB). Herein we study the interaction between the nanoparticle (NP) and BBB membrane using Molecular Dynamic (MD) techniques. The MD model is used to enhance our understanding of the dynamic behavior of SPMNs crossing the endothelial cells in the presence of a gradient magnetic field. Actuation of NPs under weak magnetic field offers the great advantage of a non-invasive drug delivery without the risk of causing injury to the brain. Furthermore, a weak magnetic portable stimulator can be developed using low complexity prototyping techniques. Based on MD simulation results in this paper, SPMNs can cross the cell membrane while experiencing very weak mechanical forces in the range of pN. This study also derives guidelines for the design of the SPMNs dedicated to crossing the BBB using external magnetic fields.
Under Pressure: Mechanical Stress Management in the Nucleus
Authors: Belaadi Néjma , Aureille Julien , Guilluy Christophe
Published: June 2016

Cells are constantly adjusting to the mechanical properties of their surroundings, operating a complex mechanochemical feedback, which hinges on mechanotransduction mechanisms. Whereas adhesion structures have been shown to play a central role in mechanotransduction, it now emerges that the nucleus may act as a mechanosensitive structure. Here, we review recent advances demonstrating that mechanical stress emanating from the cytoskeleton can activate pathways in the nucleus which eventually impact both its structure and the transcriptional machinery.
Atypical Rho GTPases of the RhoBTB Subfamily: Roles in Vesicle Trafficking and Tumorigenesis
Authors: Ji Wei , Rivero Francisco
Published: June 2016

RhoBTB proteins constitute a subfamily of atypical Rho GTPases represented in mammals by RhoBTB1, RhoBTB2, and RhoBTB3. Their characteristic feature is a carboxyl terminal extension that harbors two BTB domains capable of assembling cullin 3-dependent ubiquitin ligase complexes. The expression of all three RHOBTB genes has been found reduced or abolished in a variety of tumors. They are considered tumor suppressor genes and recent studies have strengthened their implication in tumorigenesis through regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis. RhoBTB3 is also involved in retrograde transport from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus. One aspect that makes RhoBTB proteins atypical among the Rho GTPases is their proposed mechanism of activation. No specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors or GTPase activating proteins are known. Instead, RhoBTB might be activated through interaction with other proteins that relieve their auto-inhibited conformation and inactivated through auto-ubiquitination and destruction in the proteasome. In this review we discuss our current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of action of RhoBTB proteins and the implications for tumorigenesis and other pathologic conditions.
Information-Theoretic-Entropy Based Weight Aggregation Method in Multiple-Attribute Group Decision-Making
Authors: He Dayi , Xu Jiaqiang , Chen Xiaoling
Published: June 2016

Weight aggregation is the key process to solve a multiple-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) problem. This paper is trying to propose a possible approach to objectivize subjective information and to aggregate information from attribute values themselves and decision-makers’ judgment. An MAGDM problem without information about decision-makers’ and attributes’ weight is considered. In order to define decision-makers’ subjective preference, their utility function is introduced. The attributes value matrix is converted into a subjective attributes value matrix based on their subjective judgment on attribute values. By utilizing the entropy weighting technique, decision-maker’s subjective weight on attributes and objective weight on attributes are determined individually based on the subjective attributes value matrix and attributes value matrix. Based on the principle of minimum cross-entropy, all decision-makers’ subjective weights are integrated into a single weight vector that is closest to all decision-makers’ judgment without any extra information added. Then, by applying the principle of minimum cross-entropy again, a weight aggregation method is proposed to combine the subjective and objective weight of attributes. Finally, an MAGDM example of project choosing is presented to illustrate the procedure of the proposed method.
Remote Sensing-Driven Climatic/Environmental Variables for Modelling Malaria Transmission in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ebhuoma Osadolor , Gebreslasie Michael
Published: June 2016

Malaria is a serious public health threat in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and its transmission risk varies geographically. Modelling its geographic characteristics is essential for identifying the spatial and temporal risk of malaria transmission. Remote sensing (RS) has been serving as an important tool in providing and assessing a variety of potential climatic/environmental malaria transmission variables in diverse areas. This review focuses on the utilization of RS-driven climatic/environmental variables in determining malaria transmission in SSA. A systematic search on Google Scholar and the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of KnowledgeSM databases (PubMed, Web of Science and ScienceDirect) was carried out. We identified thirty-five peer-reviewed articles that studied the relationship between remotely-sensed climatic variable(s) and malaria epidemiological data in the SSA sub-regions. The relationship between malaria disease and different climatic/environmental proxies was examined using different statistical methods. Across the SSA sub-region, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from either the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) or Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) satellite sensors was most frequently returned as a statistically-significant variable to model both spatial and temporal malaria transmission. Furthermore, generalized linear models (linear regression, logistic regression and Poisson regression) were the most frequently-employed methods of statistical analysis in determining malaria transmission predictors in East, Southern and West Africa. By contrast, multivariate analysis was used in Central Africa. We stress that the utilization of RS in determining reliable malaria transmission predictors and climatic/environmental monitoring variables would require a tailored approach that will have cognizance of the geographical/climatic setting, the stage of malaria elimination continuum, the characteristics of the RS variables and the analytical approach, which in turn, would support the channeling of intervention resources sustainably.
Editorial: Lead Risk Assessment and Health Effects
Authors: Mielke Howard
Published: June 2016

In 1980, Clair C. Patterson stated: “Sometime in the near future it probably will be shown that the older urban areas of the United States have been rendered more or less uninhabitable by the millions of tons of poisonous industrial lead residues that have accumulated in cities during the past century”. We live in the near future about which this quote expressed concern. This special volume of 19 papers explores the status of scientific evidence regarding Dr. Patterson’s statement on the habitability of the environments of communities. Authors from 10 countries describe a variety of lead issues in the context of large and small communities, smelter sites, lead industries, lead-based painted houses, and vehicle fuel treated with lead additives dispersed by traffic. These articles represent the microcosm of the larger health issues associated with lead. The challenges of lead risk require a concerted global action for primary prevention.