bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emboldened by Embodiment
Authors: Lindgren Robb , Johnson-Glenberg Mina
Published: November 2013

The authors describe an emerging paradigm of educational research that pairs theories of embodied learning with a class of immersive technologies referred to as mixed reality (MR). MR environments merge the digital with the physical, where, for example, students can use their bodies to simulate an orbit around a virtual planet. Recent research supports the idea that body activity can be an important catalyst for generating learning, and new technologies are being developed that use natural human physicality and gesture as input. However, existing research on embodied learning technologies has been disparate, driven largely by specific technical innovations and constraints, and often lacking a clear focus on establishing their efficacy in educational contexts. On the basis of the unique characteristics of these technologies and on their own experiences conducting research in this area, the authors put forth six precepts for embodied learning technology researchers that pertain to the rationale, design, and execution of empirical studies.
Effectiveness of Cognitive Tutor Algebra I at Scale
Authors: Pane John F. , Griffin Beth Ann , McCaffrey Daniel F. , Karam Rita
Published: November 2013

This article examines the effectiveness of a technology-based algebra curriculum in a wide variety of middle schools and high schools in seven states. Participating schools were matched into similar pairs and randomly assigned to either continue with the current algebra curriculum for 2 years or to adopt Cognitive Tutor Algebra I (CTAI), which uses a personalized, mastery-learning, blended-learning approach. Schools assigned to implement CTAI did so under conditions similar to schools that independently adopt it. Analysis of posttest outcomes on an algebra proficiency exam finds no effects in the first year of implementation, but finds evidence in support of positive effects in the second year. The estimated effect is statistically significant for high schools but not for middle schools; in both cases, the magnitude is sufficient to improve the median student’s performance by approximately eight percentile points.
Review of Microalgae Harvesting via Co-Pelletization with Filamentous Fungus
Authors: Gultom Sarman , Hu Bo
Published: November 2013

Cultivation of microalgae to utilize CO2 and nutrients in the wastewater to generate biofuel products is a promising research objective. However, the process faces tremendous technical difficulties, especially the harvest of microalgae cells, an economically challenging step. Several researchers recently reported co-culturing of filamentous fungi with microalgae so that microalgae cells can be co-pelletized in order to facilitate the cell harvest. This algae pelletization via the filamentous fungi represents an innovative approach to address both the cost and sustainability issues in algae biofuel production and also has potential with direct commercial applications. This paper reviews the current research status in this area and some possible drawbacks of this method in order to provide some possible directions for the future research.
Notes and Discussions on Marra, A.C. Evolution of Endemic Species, Ecological Interactions and Geographical Changes in an Insular Environment: A Case Study of Quaternary Mammals of Sicily (Italy, EU). Geosciences 2013, 3, 114–139.
Authors: Bonfiglio Laura
Published: November 2013

In her paper, A.C. Marra intends to review the current knowledge on Quaternary mammals of Sicily. As a review, the paper should have presented a clear, updated and rigorous picture of the chosen topic. Actually, most of the paper’s contents come from previous review papers (quoted with the numbers 1–6, 18, 19 and 50), most of which are dated. Above all, A.C. Marra overlooked recent important data concerning the species contained in the different faunal assemblages of Sicily, as well as previous data concerning the stratigraphy and datings of the faunal deposits.
Response to Bonfiglio, L. Notes and Discussions on Marra, A.C. Evolution of Endemic Species, Ecological Interactions and Geographical Changes in an Insular Environment: A Case Study of Quaternary Mammals of Sicily (Italy, EU). Geosciences 2013, 3, 114–139.
Authors: Marra Antonella
Published: November 2013

In the following discussion, the author replies to the critical notes by Bonfiglio and demonstrates that they did not discredit the reliability and the accuracy of her paper [1].
Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations
Authors: Dorozhkin Sergey
Published: November 2013

In early 1980s, researchers discovered self-setting calcium orthophosphate cements, which are bioactive and biodegradable grafting bioceramics in the form of a powder and a liquid. After mixing, both phases form pastes, which set and harden forming either a non-stoichiometric calcium deficient hydroxyapatite or brushite. Since both of them are remarkably biocompartible, bioresorbable and osteoconductive, self-setting calcium orthophosphate formulations appear to be promising bioceramics for bone grafting. Furthermore, such formulations possess excellent molding capabilities, easy manipulation and nearly perfect adaptation to the complex shapes of bone defects, followed by gradual bioresorption and new bone formation. In addition, reinforced formulations have been introduced, which might be described as calcium orthophosphate concretes. The discovery of self-setting properties opened up a new era in the medical application of calcium orthophosphates and many commercial trademarks have been introduced as a result. Currently such formulations are widely used as synthetic bone grafts, with several advantages, such as pourability and injectability. Moreover, their low-temperature setting reactions and intrinsic porosity allow loading by drugs, biomolecules and even cells for tissue engineering purposes. In this review, an insight into the self-setting calcium orthophosphate formulations, as excellent bioceramics suitable for both dental and bone grafting applications, has been provided.
Transgendered Prisoners in the United States: A Progression of Laws
Authors: Alexander Rudolph
Published: November 2013

In 1976, prisoners acquired the right to medical treatment from the U.S. Supreme Court through the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which forbade, in part, cruel and unusual punishment. The following year, a Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that medical treatment included psychiatric or mental health treatment. These rulings applied to general prisoners, but not initially prisoners who suffered from gender identity disorder. Courts ruled then that gender identity disorder was not a serious mental disorder—a critical component of the right to medical care and mental health treatment. Later, a few appeals courts ruled that gender identity disorder was a serious mental disorder, triggering a prisoner’s right to medical care and mental health treatment for this disorder. Prisoners with gender identity disorder have litigated for sex realignment surgery as part of their treatment, which prison administrators have balked. The latest ruling unequivocally ordered the Massachusetts Department of Corrections to give a prisoner suffering from gender identity disorder sex reassignment surgery, but the prison system has appealed. This ruling, and previous rulings, has furthered policy towards transsexual prisoners.
Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Celiac Disease: A Study Based on the Critical Incident Technique
Authors: Biagetti Chiara , Naspi Giulia , Catassi Carlo
Published: November 2013

Celiac Disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disease triggered by dietary gluten. Gluten avoidance, which is the only available treatment for CD, could impact on quality of life of children with CD. We present the results of a qualitative study on the emotional impact of gluten free diet (GFD) on the everyday life of children affected with CD. We investigated 76 celiac patients aged 2–18 years (average age: 9.5 years). By using the Critical Incident Technique (CIT), we defined emotions related to difficulties and awkward situations experienced by the patients. Written answers to open-ended questions from either children (older than 8 years) and parents (children younger than 8 years) were analyzed qualitatively. We found 80 dilemmas experienced in three different arenas (food situations at school, meals at home, meals outside) and characterized lived experiences of children with CD in everyday life (specific emotions, difficulties in relationships and in management of daily life). Children with CD experience strong emotions related to the GFD, permeating several aspects of everyday life. These dilemmas may be missed by a conventional, questionnaire-based approach to the psycho-social consequences of CD treatment.
Animal Models and Better Understanding of “One Medicine”
Authors: Ferguson Duncan
Published: November 2013

Medical science has long been informed by the study of animal physiology and pathophysiology, both spontaneous and induced. Physiologist Claude Bernard studied dogs to better understand pancreatic, hepatic and cardiovascular homeostasis [1,2]. Best and Banting uncovered the function of insulin through studies in experimental dogs [3]. More recent studies of obesity in cats have found similarities and interesting differences in the manifestation of the adverse effects of overnutrition between cats and humans [4]. The complete sequencing of the human and mouse genomes, and deep sequencing of pig, cattle, dog and cat have opened up the opportunity to systematically compare genetic similarities and differences [5,6]. [...]
Ambrosio de Sagarzurieta. Un personaje ilustrado
Authors: Olmedo González José de Jesús
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT- Data about an enlightened civil servant who played a part in corporative life during the Colonial period, when he went to Guadalajara's and Mexico's Audiencias.
Los esclavos de los jesuitas del Perú en la época de la expulsión (1767)
Authors: Tardieu Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2013

RÉSUMÉ- L'examen des inventaires des domaines agricoles des jésuites, dressés pour l'expulsion de l'ordre du Pérou (1767) ou peu de temps après, prouve que le processus de créolisation des esclaves était très avancé dans certaines propriétés et même en phase terminale comme à Belén ou San Juan de La Nazca, ce qui ne se serait pas produit sans l'existence d'une politique appropriée de la part des religieux.
La crise vénézuélienne (2001-2003) : origines structurelles et conjoncturelles
Authors: Lemogodeuc Jean-Marie
Published: November 2013

RESUMEN- Después de dos años de estado de gracia (1999-2000), el poder chavista tuvo que enfrentar en 2002-2003 una crisis poco común en la historia del país que lo llevó al borde del precipicio financiero y de la guerra civil. ¿De qué manera Venezuela, nación considerada durante mucho tiempo como un modelo de democracia en América Latina y un país rico, pudo llegar a estas extremidades ? ¿Cuáles son las causas estructurales y coyunturales de esta situación ? ¿Por qué las soluciones propuestas por el Presidente Hugo Chávez no permitieron al país salir del marasmo ? Este análisis intenta aportar algunas respuestas a una problemática particularmente compleja.
Nouveaux regards sur un ouvrage controversé, la Historia de las guerras civiles del Perú de Pedro Gutiérrez de Santa Clara
Authors: Saint-Lu André
Published: November 2013

Revisión de los debates suscitados hace algunos decenios por la Historia de las guerras civiles del Perú, del mestizo mexicano Gutiérrez de Santa Cruz. Las opiniones encontradas de Marcel Bataillon y Juan Pérez de Tudela. Reflexión sobre las cualidades y defectos del libro de Gutiérrez y cotejo con otras obras históricas de la época.
La narrativa de Marvel Moreno: el poder y la palabra
Authors: Rodríguez Amaya Fabio
Published: November 2013

II s'agit ici d'identifier la logique structurale du roman En diciembre llegaban las brisas dans les liens que Marvel Moreno établit entre des formes de parole et des formes de pouvoir, en prouvant leur existence dans un système ternaire qui donne à voir, d'un côté, le pouvoir idéologique/religieux, intellectuel/verbal et économique/social et, de l'autre, l'emploi séducteur/ charmeur, subversif/éversif et symbolique/évocateur de la parole.
La fin de l'analyse et la formation du symbole
Authors: Mignet Mariette
Published: November 2013

En s’appuyant sur deux textes fondamentaux, l’un de Freud, « L’analyse avec fin et l’analyse sans fin », l’autre de Jung, Psychologie du transfert , l’auteur explore ici l’effet de la formation du symbole au cours du processus de la fin de l’analyse. Cette formation d’un symbole donne le sens à l’arrêt de la relation analytique et à la poursuite de l’auto-analyse par la pratique de la fonction transcendante, ce travail conscient de la relation entre les forces conscientes et inconscientes.
Ciencia e industria en el desarrollo de la radiactividad: el caso de Marie Curie
Authors: Roqué Xavier
Published: November 2013

Se argumenta que Marie Curie desarrolló sus investigaciones en radiactividad en estrecha relación con la industria de los radioelementos. Esta relación incluyó desde el desarrollo de procedimientos de extracción para diversas sustancias radiactivas, hasta la promoción de su propio laboratorio industrial. La actividad industrial de Curie se aviene mal con su imagen heroica de científica pura, sacrificada y carente de medios, imagen que, paradójicamente, se retrotrae a las campañas de Curie en los años 1920 por dotar a su laboratorio con «medios de acción industriales». Se verá que los valores dominantes del medio científico francés favorecieron la propagación selectiva de la imagen heroica de Curie, que fue luego aceptada acríticamente por la historiografía de la física del siglo XX.
En busca de un paradigma económico para la redefinición del concepto de desarrollo sostenible
Authors: Pérez Adán José
Published: November 2013

Este trabajo pretende dar una visión sintética y descriptiva del síndrome de pérdida que sufre la ciencia económica en su intento de incorporar los interrogantes medioambientales a los mecanismos de predicción socioeconómicos. El repaso de las propuestas del neoliberalismo, del así llamado capitalismo verde, y de la economía ecológica, tiene como objetivo presentar la viabilidad científica de los paradigmas alternativos como modelos de racionalidad económica y como sucedáneos del vigente sistema de producción y consumo.
Recuperación del instrumental científico-histórico del CSIC. Antecedentes del Instituto Torres Quevedo. 1. El Laboratorio de Automática
Authors: Moreno Roberto , Romero Ana
Published: November 2013

No disponible.
El sistema español de I+D
Authors: López Facal Javier
Published: November 2013

Para centrar el lugar que ocupan las Bibliotecas y Centros de documentación en el Sistema de I+D, se resume la evolución de la política científica española desde los años cincuenta y se describe la estructura actual de este sistema, sus magnitudes principales y sus deficiencias.
Ciencia frente a tecnología: ¿diferencia o identidad?
Authors: Niiniluoto Ilkka
Published: November 2013

Se argumenta en este trabajo que hay una importante diferencia conceptual entre ciencia y tecnología. En cuanto partes integrantes de la cultura y la sociedad humanas, la ciencia y la tecnología se encuentran hoy en un estado de mutua interacción dinámica, pero se dan diferencias en sus objetivos (aims), resultados y pautas de desarrollo. Por eso, hay también divergencias significativas entre la política científica (science policy) y la política tecnológica (technological policy). Esta conclusión está en desacuerdo con la reciente moda de usar el término «tecnociencia» (technoscience) en los Estudios de Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad (STS-studies). También se hacen aquí algunos comentarios críticos acerca del tratamiento constructivista social de la «sociotecnología» (sociotechnology).
J. J. Thomson y la génesis del descubrimiento del electrón
Authors: Sánchez Ron José Manuel
Published: November 2013

Al mismo tiempo que se introduce la figura de J. J. Thomson, y cómo llegó al descubrimiento del electrón, entendido éste como partícula elemental, se estudian las aportaciones de otros científicos (como, entre otros, Faraday, Maxwell, Crookes, Helmholtz o Stoney) a la identificación de una carga eléctrica básica. Finalmente, se aborda la cuestión de la recepción del trabajo de Thomson.
El electrón: una de las partículas fundamentales de la naturaleza
Authors: Ynduráin Francisco J.
Published: November 2013

En el presente artículo se describe brevemente el papel que juega el electrón como uno de los bloques elementales de los que toda la materia está constituida. Se discuten también las interacciones en las que participa el electrón, con especial énfasis en las mejor establecidas experimentalmente (interacciones electromagnéticas y débiles).
Unamuno y la psicología moderna
Authors: Chabrán Rafael
Published: November 2013

El propósito primordial de nuestro trabajo es trazar la influencia de los seguidores de la psicología fisiológica en el joven Unamuno basándose en un estudio de su «Programa de oposiciones» de 1886 y las lecturas que hizo para prepararse para esas oposiciones y situar esas lecturas dentro de la recepción de la psicología experimental en España, principalmente en las obras de los krauso-positivistas, así como en los alumnos de Salmerón y otros.
Thomas Kuhn: Hacia una metateoría unificada de la ciencia
Authors: Estany Anna
Published: November 2013

La muerte de Thomas Kuhn el verano de 1996 ha supuesto una pérdida para la comunidad filosófica y científica. Kuhn propuso una teoría sobre las revoluciones científicas en su obra La estructura de las revoluciones científicas, publicada en 1962. El aspecto más novedoso de la obra de Kuhn es su propuesta de un análisis global de la ciencia, teniendo en cuenta tanto los factores internos como externos. Una buena parte de las corrientes en filosofía de la ciencia que en la última década se han desarrollado están presentes en la obra de Kuhn.
The Synergistic Potential of Human Resource Management in Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Starr-Glass David
Published: November 2013

In large-scale operations, strategically orientated Human Resource Management generally has a structural function. In small- and medium-sized enterprises, however, strategic intent has to be more intimately matched to entrepreneurial behavior of core management. In these firms, HR is not an added layer but rather a key synergistic element in their strategic configuration. Considering the economic challenges faced by the small firm, it would seem that some form of strategically orientated HR is beneficial; however, it is often unconsidered. Taking a resource-based view of the firm and a configurational approach to strategy, this chapter considers the challenges to strategically orientated HR adoption in small entrepreneurial enterprises. It examines the characteristics of entrepreneur-founders, strategic orientation, and strategic configuration in an increasingly globalized context. Challenges to HRM adoption are identified, and a number of possible solutions are considered.
How SMEs in the Car Maintenance Services Industry Recruit Employees from the Dense Forest of Hopeless Unemployed Youths
Authors: Nandonde Felix Adamu , Liana Pamela John
Published: November 2013

There is a general consensus among scholars that the HR practices by corporate companies cannot be imitated by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Even though it is a neglected sector, SMEs in Tanzania are considered to be a major contributor to the national economy in terms of tax payment and job creation. Using a case study, this chapter investigates human resource practices in the recruitment process among the SMEs in a car maintenance sub sector. The nature of doing business is more informal, whereby a customer can bring a car to the garage and the technicians work on the car without bargaining for the cost of the work. Accordingly, there have usually been complaints from customers regarding over charging for the services offered and lack of trust among technicians, especially on matters relating to falsification on spare parts. In addressing this problem, garage owners have to make sure that they employ people with good character; those who cannot temper with customers’ property tarnish the image and reputation of the company.
Blending Face-to-Face and Technology
Authors: Pulley Philip G.
Published: November 2013

Flipped or inverted learning is a type of blended learning that involves the use of educational technology to switch or flip what is traditionally done in the classroom with what is done as homework. With the flipped model, lectures are often recorded for students to watch at home while traditional homework, or projects that involve application, are done in the classroom with the teacher available as a guide and resource. Like any new teaching method, with the flipped learning model there is a need for the instructor to evaluate its use and determine whether changes will be required with each implementation. In this chapter, an overview of the history of the flipped model is presented. In addition, an outline of methods like universal design that can be implemented for learning in flipped classrooms is provided.
Engaging Students in Large Classes through the Use of Blended Learning Instructional Strategies (BLIS)
Authors: Francis Raymond W. , Davis Mary Jo , Humiston Jon
Published: November 2013

It is not enough to be great at sharing information in a large classroom setting. To be an effective teacher you must be able to meaningfully engage your students with their peers and with the content, and you must do this regardless of class size or content. The issues of teaching effectively in large classroom settings have presented ongoing problems with enormous implications for both student learning and faculty performance. Issues about student engagement with the content, peers, and faculty persistently are discussed with little change in practice. However, the effective infusion of technology targeted through strategies for large-class instruction and management have great potential for increasing student performance. In this chapter, Blended Learning Instructional Strategies (BLIS) are highlighted to effectively address common issues related to teaching and student engagement particularly in large classroom settings.
The Teacher's Role in the Blended Classroom ... Or When 1 + 1 > 2
Authors: Fahlvik Morten
Published: November 2013

Despite the fact that schools have undergone many changes, there are still those who believe that classrooms and the activities that take place in them have not changed. Some insist that modern classrooms still mirror the structure of old. In this chapter, the author argues that it is time to put this myth to rest. At the same time, he points out what today’s teachers can achieve if they exploit the potential that the modern day classroom has to offer. With technological development, learning can occur in a variety of settings: either in a virtual classroom or in a physical space. When learning takes place in the combination of these two learning environments it is referred to as blended learning, and teaching that applies both modalities is referred to as blended teaching. The two classroom formats offer different characteristics that teachers can utilize for different purposes. A well-balanced blend will provide both teachers and students with great opportunities to experience visible teaching and visible learning.
Innovations in Blended-Learning
Authors: Gotesman Edith , Krisi Miri
Published: November 2013

This research was born out of a necessity to accommodate students with learning disabilities who study English for Academic Purposes (EAP) at the Ashkelon Academic College in Israel. It was aimed at examining whether a convergence of traditional teaching and computer technology complemented by e-learning could assist students with Learning Disabilities (LD) to bypass their initial disadvantages when it came to studying English. Groups of LD students selected for study were given five regular and two guided reading tests to explore whether the use of blended learning improved the reading comprehension abilities of students in the sample group.
Online Homework and Correlated Success in University Mathematics Courses
Authors: Kuhn Stephen W. , Watson Sandy W. , Walters Terry J.
Published: November 2013

The primary goals of this project at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga (UTC) were to use a free, open-source online tool developed at the University of Kentucky (UK) called WHS (Web Homework System) for Web-based homework and quizzes in first year mathematics courses and to demonstrate that the use of this system by students would improve and correlate well with their success in these courses. Quantitative data were collected and analyzed across four years involving 832 students using this system and 753 not using the system in seven courses. The findings indicate that faculty and students found the Web-based homework assignments helpful for a variety of reasons, though some of each found it occasionally frustrating. Students with high (low) scores on the Web homework had a very high probability of having high (low) grades in the courses, but there were no statistically significant improvements in final course grades over traditional methods.
Key Factors for Maximizing the Effectiveness of Blended E-Learning
Authors: Pavlis-Korres Maria
Published: November 2013

The chapter focuses on the main factors, which should be met in order to maximize the effectiveness of a blended e-learning program for adult learners. The factors discussed in this chapter are derived from the perspectives of the learners, scientific staff, administrative staff, and the technical staff engaged in the distance learning process. Specifically, these factors have emerged through the internal evaluation of a national program, Design and Implementation of Distance Learning Programs, implemented in Greece via the Distance Adult Education Center for Lifelong Learning. Findings on the strengths and weaknesses of the program as well as suggestions for implementation of future related programs are also discussed in the chapter. The findings indicate that harmonization of program content and the educational process with the principles of adult education both in face-to-face and online environment has a positive effect on the educational outcome of the program. In addition, the appropriate use of the communication tools in the Learning Management System (LMS) is very important for the effectiveness of the program.
Continuous Review Inventory Model with Fuzzy Stochastic Demand and Variable Lead Time
Authors: Shah Nita H. , Soni Hardik N.
Published: November 2013

The present study considers a continuous review inventory system for the inventory model involving fuzzy random demand, variable lead-time with backorders and lost sales. The authors first use the triangular fuzzy number count upon lead-time to construct a lead-time demand. Using credibility criterion, the expected shortages are calculated. Without loss of generality, the authors have assumed that all the observed values of the fuzzy random variable, representing the demand are triangular fuzzy numbers. Consequently, the value of total expected cost in the fuzzy sense is derived using the expected value criterion or credibility criterion. For the proposed model, the authors provide a solution to find the optimal lead-time and the optimal order quantity along with the reorder point such that the total expected cost in the fuzzy sense has a minimum value. Numerical study is also provided to illustrate the results of proposed model.
Optimal Energy System for Single Household in Nigeria
Authors: Ani Vincent Anayochukwu
Published: November 2013

Hybrid PV/Wind power system can be used to generate electricity consumed in household. This paper presents the design of a stand-alone Hybrid PV/Wind energy system for a household in University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN) in Eastern Nigeria with a daily load of 5.2kwh/d. Solar and wind resources for the design of the system were obtained from the NASA Surface Meteorology and solar energy website at a location of 6° 51' N latitude and 7° 24' E longitude, with annual average solar radiation of 4.92kWh/m2/d and annual average wind speed of 2.1m/s. The study is based on modeling, simulation and optimization of energy system in UNN. The model was designed to provide an optimal system configuration based on hour-by-hour data for energy availability and demands. Energy source, energy storage and their applicability in terms of cost and performance are discussed. The Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER) software is used to study and design the proposed stand-alone Hybrid PV/Wind power system model. The designed Hybrid PV/Wind was compared to gasoline generator in order to choose the best energy system for the household. Total Net Present Cost (NPC) and impact on the environment are used as indices for measuring the optimization level of each energy solution. Simulation results show the Hybrid PV/Wind option ($317,907; 0 tonnes of CO2) to be superior to conventional solution ($374,237; 2.049 tonnes of CO2) whereby gasoline generators are currently used to power household around Nigeria.
Multi-Objective Design Optimization of Rolling Element Bearings Using ABC, AIA and PSO Technique
Authors: Savsani Vimal
Published: November 2013

Rolling element bearings are widely used as important components in most of the mechanical engineering applications. These bearings find wide applications in automotive, manufacturing and aeronautical industries. The problem associated with rolling element bearings are that the design and selection are based on different operating conditions to reach their excellent performance, long life and high reliability. This leads to the requirement of optimal design of rolling element bearings. Optimization aspects of a rolling element bearing are presented in this paper considering three different objectives namely, dynamic capacity, static capacity and elastohydrodynamic minimum film thickness. The design parameters include mean diameter of rolling, ball diameter, number of balls, and inner and outer race groove curvature radii. Different constants associated with the constraints are given some ranges and are included as design variables. The optimization procedure is carried out using artificial bee colony (ABC) optimization technique, artificial immune algorithm (AIA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. Both single and multi-objective optimization aspects are considered. The results of the considered techniques are compared with the previously published results. The considered techniques have given much better results in comparison to the previously tried approaches.
Re-Ordered FEGC and Block Based FEGC for Inverted File Compression
Authors: Glory V. , Domnic S.
Published: November 2013

Data compression has been widely used in many Information Retrieval based applications like web search engines, digital libraries, etc. to enable the retrieval of data to be faster. In these applications, universal codes (Elias codes (EC), Fibonacci code (FC), Rice code (RC), Extended Golomb code (EGC), Fast Extended Golomb code (FEGC) etc.) have been preferably used than statistical codes (Huffman codes, Arithmetic codes etc). Universal codes are easy to be constructed and decoded than statistical codes. In this paper, the authors have proposed two methods to construct universal codes based on the ideas used in Rice code and Fast Extended Golomb Code. One of the authors’ methods, Re-ordered FEGC, can be suitable to represent small, middle and large range integers where Rice code works well for small and middle range integers. It is also competing with FC, EGC and FEGC in representing small, middle and large range integers. But it could be faster in decoding than FC, EGC and FEGC. The authors’ another coder, Block based RFEGC, uses local divisor rather than global divisor to improve the performance (both compression and decompression) of RFEGC. To evaluate the performance of the authors’ coders, the authors have applied their methods to compress the integer values of the inverted files constructed from TREC, Wikipedia and FIRE collections. Experimental results show that their coders achieve better performance (both compression and decompression) for those files which contain significant distribution of middle and large range integers.
Indoor Localization, Tracking and Fall Detection for Assistive Healthcare Based on Spatial Sparsity and Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Pourhomayoun Mohammad , Jin Zhanpeng , Fowler Mark L.
Published: November 2013

Indoor localization and fall detection are two of the most paramount topics in assistive healthcare, where tracking the positions and actions of the patient or elderly is required for medical observation or accident prevention. Most of existing indoor localization methods are based on estimating one or more location-dependent signal parameters. However, some challenges caused by the complex scenarios within a closed space significantly limit the applicability of those existing approaches in an indoor environment, such as the severe multipath effect. In this paper, the authors propose a new one-stage, three-dimensional localization method based on the spatial sparsity in the x-y-z space. The proposed method is not only able to estimate and track the accurate positions of the patient, but also capable to detect the falls of the patient. In this method, the authors directly estimate the location of the emitter without going through the intermediate stage of TOA or signal strength estimation. The authors evaluate the performance of the proposed method using various Monte Carlo simulation settings. The results show that the proposed method is (i) very accurate even with a small number of sensors and (ii) very effective in addressing the multi-path issues.
Applying Discrete Event Simulation (DES) in Healthcare
Authors: Ponis Stavros T. , Delis Angelos , Gayialis Sotiris P. , Kasimatis Panagiotis , Tan Joseph
Published: November 2013

This paper highlights the opportunities and challenges of applying Discrete Event Simulation (DES) to support capacity planning of a network of outpatient facilities. Despite an abundance of studies using simulation techniques to examine the operation and performance of outpatient clinics, the problem of capacity allocation and planning of medical services within a network of outpatient healthcare facilities appears to be underexplored. Here, a case study of a health insurance provider that operates a network of six outpatient medical facilities in the US is used to illustrate and explore the synthesizing and adaptive, yet parsimonious nature of using DES methodology for network design and capacity planning. Results of this case study demonstrate that significant performance improvements for the network operator can be achieved with applying DES method to support the network facility capacity planning process.
A Comparative Study of Governmental One-Stop Portals for Public Service Delivery
Authors: Kohlborn Thomas , Korthaus Axel , Peters Christoph , Fielt Erwin
Published: November 2013

The continuing need for governments to radically improve the delivery of public services has led to a new, holistic government reform strategy labeled “Transformational Government” that strongly emphasizes customer-centricity. Attention has turned to online portals as a cost effective front-end to deliver services and engage customers as well as to the corresponding organizational approaches for the back-end to decouple the service interface from the departmental structures. The research presented in this paper makes three contributions: Firstly, a systematic literature review of approaches to the evaluation of online portal models in the public sector is presented. Secondly, the findings of a usability study comparing the online presences of the Queensland Government, the UK Government and the South Australian Government are reported and the relative strengths and weaknesses of the different approaches are discussed. And thirdly, the limitations of the usability study in the context of a broader “Transformational Government” approach are identified and service bundling is suggested as an innovative solution to further improve online service delivery.
Application of Hybrid VIKOR Model in Selection of Maintenance Strategy
Authors: Ilangkumaran M. , Kumanan S.
Published: November 2013

This paper focuses on the use of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje in Serbian (VIKOR) to select an optimum maintenance strategy for a textile industry. In the proposed methodology, first the weight of each criterion is calculated by using improved AHP with fuzzy set theory to overcome the problems of unbalanced scale of judgments, uncertainty and imprecision in the pair-wise comparison process and then the VIKOR method is applied to compensate the imprecise ranking of the AHP in the selection of maintenance strategy. The real case study is conducted for a textile industry to illustrate the utilization of the proposed model for the maintenance strategy selection problem. Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is applied to make sure that the result of the proposed model can be acceptable. A sensitivity analysis is also conducted to show the validity of the proposed model. The paper gives an insight into multi criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques to select an optimum maintenance strategy for a process industry using a case study.
An Optimal Inventory Policy for Items Having Constant Demand and Constant Deterioration Rate with Trade Credit
Authors: Tripathi R. P. , Misra S. S.
Published: November 2013

In most of the classical inventory models the demand is considered as constant. In this paper the model has been framed to study the items whose demand and deterioration both are constant. The authors developed a model to determine an optimal order quantity by using calculus technique of maxima and minima. Thus, it helps a retailer to decide its optimal ordering quantity under the constraints of constant deterioration rate and constant pattern of demand.
Teaching Practices in iPad-Classrooms
Authors: Jahnke Isa
Published: November 2013

Creativity is socially constructed and is not an objective fact at all. How do teachers perceive students’ creativity and how can they foster students’ creative learning? From two case studies, one in higher education and a second on iPad-classrooms in schools, the paper reflects on didactical concepts for creativity using mobile devices. Interviews, classroom observations and qualitative data were analyzed. The results reveal that the most creativity has been observed when the teacher designed such activities for mobile learning where no correct solution is available. When there is a shift from traditionally separating ICT and education to new co-located settings where mobile devices and education merged into new learning expeditions, then there is a need to rethink traditional Didactics towards Digital Didactical Designs bridging ‘learning what is known’ (curriculum-driven learning) and ‘learning when the answer is not known’.
Geology of the Kaminak greenstone belt from Padlei to Quartzite Lake, Kivalliq region, Northwest Territories
Authors: Hanmer S , Peterson T D , Sandeman H A , Rainbird R H , Ryan J J
Published: November 2013

Within a corridor spanning Heninga, Carr, Kaminak, and Quartzite lakes, the Archean Kaminak greenstone belt (western Churchill Province, Northwest Territories) is composed of discontinuous segments of volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks. These range in composition
from mafic to felsic, with an important intermediate component, and are accompanied by voluminous debris flows and siliciclastic rocks (Kaminak Group). These supracrustal rocks are cut by large synvolcanic to late syntectonic diorite to granodiorite plutons. The principal map-scale deformation
structure is a layer-parallel S1 foliation with a steeply plunging extension lineation. Post-S1 deformation structures are discontinuous, and therefore are difficult to correlate at map scale. The Kaminak Group appears to contain the remnants of a magmatic arc.
Tectonostratigraphy of central Sturgeon Lake, Ontario: deposition and deformation of submarine tholeiites and emergent calc-alkaline volcano-sedimentary sequences
Authors: Sanborn-Barrie M , Skulski T , Whalen J
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Published: November 2013

The Sturgeon Lake greenstone belt separates reworked vestiges of Mesoarchean continental basement of the central Wabigoon Subprovince (Superior Province) from 2.78-2.70 Ga submarine volcanic rocks of the western Wabigoon Subprovince to the west, and as such, may
hold the key to unraveling the history of continent-ocean basin interaction. Its tectonostratigraphy may comprise quartz-rich clastic sedimentary rocks representative of ancient platformal cover; submarine, low-potassium tholeiitic basalts and thin felsic tuffs that correlate with 2.775 Ga
sequences; calc-alkaline-dominated, upward-shoaling, volcano-sedimentary rocks that resemble 2.745-2.704 Ga volcanic rocks at Savant Lake and 2.735 Ga caldera deposits in the south; and post-2.718 Ga fluvial-clastic sedimentary rocks. The central part of the Sturgeon Lake belt is deformed by
east-southeast-trending, moderately to shallowly plunging F1 folds, which are locally refolded by northeast-trending, variably plunging F2 folds. Northeast-striking high-strain zones may separate temporally distinct volcanic sequences or reflect strain localizaton across rheological
boundaries.
A Rare Presentation of Euthyroid Orbitopathy in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Vaidya Abhishek , Tamhankar Anup Sunil
Published: November 2013

Ophthalmopathy is one of the known presenting features of Grave's disease. Its due to development of antithyroid receptor antib odies. Rarely it may b e asso ciated with th yroid malignancies developing in the Grave's nodule. There are few case reports of patients with coexisting thyroid associated orbitopathy (TAO) and thyroid carcinoma. Sometimes it may be the presenting symptom of an occult thyroid malignancy. Its still rarer if the patient is euthyroid on presentation. It is associated with low titers of antithyroid receptor antibodies. Here we present a very rare case of symmetrical nonmetastatic orbitopathy in a euthyroid papillary carcinoma of thyroid.

Key message

Its important to rule out coexisting thyroid cancer in patient presenting with orbitopathy even if euthyroid. Orbitopathy may regress after thyroidectomy. Association of thyroid cancer, autoimmunity and orbitopathy is still to be proven due to lack of large case series.

How to cite this article

Chaturvedi P, Vaidya A, Tamhankar AS. A Rare Presentation of Euthyroid Orbitopathy in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Int J Head Neck Surg 2013;4(3):145-147.
Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma arising in the Central Nervous System: A Diagnostic Pitfall
Authors: Loya Asif , Tanvir Imrana , Riaz Sabiha , Khan Haseeb Ahmed , Shahid Khubaib
Published: November 2013

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare aggressive neoplasm affecting the bones of young adults. It also arises extraskeletal in CNS, so ft tissu e and other o rgans. Intrac ran ial and those that originate from the dura mater are very rare. These tumors constitute an entirely different entity from classical chondrosarcoma. These are characterized by a bimorphic histological pattern composed of highly undifferentiated small round to oval cells and islands of well-differentiated hyaline cartilage with calcification and ossification. We hereby report a case of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma arising from the right tentorium cerebelli in a 40-year-old man with symptoms of mass effect. Histological examination demonstrated sheets of round to oval cells with islands of hyaline cartilage. The diagnosis of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma was made after a thorough microsco pic assessmen t. T umo r in add ition to cellular component also revealed a prominent cartilaginous component. We hereby discuss the morphological features of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma arising in the CNS, the differential diagnoses of small round-cell tumors within the CNS, and the differentiating features of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma from the other differential diagnoses.

How to cite this article

Tanvir I, Riaz S, Khan HA, Loya A, Shahid K. Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma arising in the Central Nervous System: A Diagnostic Pitfall. Int J Head Neck Surg 2013;4(3):152-155.
Stratospheric ozone depletion from future nitrous oxide increases
Authors: Wang W. , Tian W. , Dhomse S. , Xie F. , Shu J.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. We have investigated the impact of assumed nitrous oxide (N2O) increases on stratospheric chemistry and dynamics by a series of idealized simulations. In a future cooler stratosphere the net yield of NOy from a changed N2O is known to decrease, but NOy can still be significantly increased by the increase of N2O. Results with a coupled chemistry-climate model (CCM) show that increases in N2O of 50%/100% between 2001 and 2050 result in more ozone destruction, causing a reduction in ozone mixing ratios of maximally 6%/10% in the middle stratosphere at around 10 hPa. This enhanced destruction could cause an ozone decline in the second half of this century in the middle stratosphere. However, the total ozone column still shows an increase in future decades, though the increase of 50%/100% in N2O caused a 2%/6% decrease in TCO compared with the reference simulation. N2O increases have significant effects on ozone trends at 20–10 hPa in the tropics and at northern high latitude, but have no significant effect on ozone trends in the Antarctic stratosphere. The ozone depletion potential for N2O in a future climate depends both on stratospheric temperature changes and tropospheric N2O changes, which have reversed effects on ozone in the middle and upper stratosphere. A 50% CO2 increase in conjunction with a 50% N2O increase cause significant ozone depletion in the middle stratosphere and lead to an increase of ozone in the upper stratosphere. Based on the multiple linear regression analysis and a series of sensitivity simulations, we find that the chemical effect of N2O increases dominates the ozone changes in the stratosphere while the dynamical and radiative effects of N2O increases are insignificant on average. However, the dynamical effect of N2O increases may cause large local changes in ozone mixing ratios, particularly, in the Southern Hemisphere lower stratosphere.
Late holocene trends of phytoplankton productivity and anoxia as inferred from diatom and geochemical proxies in Lake Victoria, Eastern Africa
Authors: Andama M. , Lejju J. B. , Tolo C. U.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Lake Victoria ecosystem has undergone major ecological changes in the recent decades. Sedimentary diatom analysis and Fe / Mn determined by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) have provided phytoplankton (diatom) productivity and the resultant anoxia (Fe / Mn) in Lake Victoria at Napoleon Gulf during the late Holocene (1778 cal yr BP (calibrated years before present) to 2008 AD) with radiocarbon dates determined using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry standard method. The results showed that increased total diatom counts in Napoleon Gulf during the late Holocene correspond with increased Fe / Mn ratio (anoxia) in some of the profiles and not in others and in most cases those that correspond correlate very well with increased eutrophication from nitrate input (Total Nitrogen, TN). Therefore slightly increased anoxia not related to increased diatom productivity was recorded in Lake Victoria at Napoleon Gulf from the period 1778 to 1135 cal yr BP. There was slightly increased diatom productivity at Napoleon Gulf from the period 857 to 758 cal yr BP but it did not increase anoxia in the lake. The period 415 cal yr BP to 2008 AD recorded increased anoxia at Napoleon Gulf related to high diatom productivity especially from 415 to 390 cal yr BP and 191 cal yr BP to 2008 AD.