bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vitro antioxidant, 𝛼-amylase and 𝛼-glucosidase activities of methanol extracts from three Momordica species
Authors: Akinwunmi Olubunmi Adenike
Published: July 2020

Antioxidant based drug preparations are used in the prevention and management of complex diseases which include atherosclerosis, stroke, diabetes, alzheimer’s disease and cancer. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of glucose metabolism. The management of blood glucose level is the hallmark in the treatment of this ailment, which may be achieved through the use of oral hypoglycemic drugs such as biguanides, insulin secretagogues, and 𝛼-amylase and glucosidase inhibitors. Although several biological activities had been reported for  Momordica foetida and Momordica charantia; it appears there is limited information on the  biological activity of Momordica cissoides. The purpose of this study is to compare the antioxidant, 𝛼-amylase and 𝛼-glucosidase inhibitory activities of Momordica charantia (M1), Momordica foetida (M2), and Momordica cissoides  (M3) to establish a chemotaxonomic relationship between them. The antioxidant activities measured by DPPH scavenging properties, metal ion chelation, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and ABTS revealed that M. foetida had the highest inhibition potential, followed by M. charantia and the least being M. cissoides. In contrast, the antioxidant activities measured by FRAP,  the total phenolic content , flavonoids and tannins revealed that M. cissoides had the best antioxidant potential, while M. foetida had the least activity. The comparative α-amylase and glucosidase inhibitory studies performed demonstrated that the extracts of M.cissoides had the highest inhibitory potentials. Thus, the plant can be used in the management of diabetes.
Fine particle pH and sensitivity to NH3 and HNO3 over summertime South Korea during KORUS-AQ
Authors: Ibikunle Ifayoyinsola , Beyersdorf Andreas , Campuzano-Jost Pedro , Corr Chelsea , Crounse John D. , Dibb Jack , Diskin Glenn , Huey Greg , Jimenez Jose-Luis , Kim Michelle J. , Nault Benjamin A. , Scheuer Eric , Teng Alex , Wennberg Paul O. , Anderson Bruce , Crawford James , Weber Rodney , Nenes Athanasios
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Using a new approach that constrains thermodynamic modeling of aerosol composition with measured gas-to-particle partitioning of inorganic nitrate, we estimate the acidity levels for aerosol sampled in the South Korean planetary boundary layer during the NASA/NIER KORUS-AQ field campaign. The pH (mean ± 1σ = 2.43 ± 0.68) and aerosol liquid water content determined were then used to determine the chemical regime of the inorganic fraction of particulate matter (PM) sensitivity to ammonia and nitrate availability. We found that the aerosol formation is always sensitive to HNO3 levels, especially in highly polluted regions, while it is only exclusively sensitive to NH3 in some rural/remote regions. Nitrate levels are further promoted because dry deposition velocity is low and allows its accumulation in the boundary layer. Because of this, HNO3 reductions achieved by NOx controls prove to be the most effective approach for all conditions examined, and that NH3 emissions can only partially affect PM reduction for the specific season and region. Despite the benefits of controlling PM formation to reduce ammonium-nitrate aerosol and PM mass, changes in the acidity domain can significantly affect other processes and sources of aerosol toxicity (such as e.g., solubilization of Fe, Cu and other metals) as well as the deposition patterns of these trace species and reactive nitrate.
SPIN modification for low temperature experiments
Authors: Welti André , Korhonen Kimmo , Miettinen Pasi , Piedehierro Ana A. , Viisanen Yrjö , Virtanen Annele , Laaksonen Ari
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The SPectrometer for Ice Nuclei (SPIN) has been modified to access ice nucleation at low temperatures. The modification consists of a reconfiguration of components from SPIN's cooling system to provide refrigerant with a low boiling point to the chamber. We describe the setup modification and determine the temperature and humidity range accessible to experiments. The modification extends the measurement range of SPIN by more than 20 K to the temperature regime relevant for ice formation in cirrus clouds. This addition of low temperature capability allows for far more comprehensive measurements of the temperature- and humidity- dependent ice nucleation of test substances, to investigate fundamentals of ice nucleation mechanisms. We present exemplary data of heterogeneous ice nucleation on silver iodide and homogeneous ice nucleation in solution droplets to demonstrate the usefulness of the modified SPIN setup for precision measurements to detect discrepancies between experiments and widely used theories.
The global forest above-ground biomass pool for 2010 estimated
from high-resolution satellite observations
Authors: Santoro Maurizio , Cartus Oliver , Carvalhais Nuno , Rozendaal Danaë , Avitabilie Valerio , Araza Arnan , de Bruin Sytze , Herold Martin , Quegan Shaun , Rodríguez Veiga Pedro , Balzter Heiko , Carreiras João , Schepaschenko Dmitry , Korets Mikhail , Shimada Masanobu , Itoh Takuya , Moreno Martínez Álvaro , Cavlovic Jura , Cazzolla Gatti Roberto , da Conceição Bispo Polyanna , Dewnath Nasheta , Labrière Nicolas , Liang Jingjing , Lindsell Jeremy , Mitchard Edward T. A. , Morel Alexandra , Pacheco Pascagaza Ana Maria , Ryan Casey M. , Slik Ferry , Vaglio Laurin Gaia , Verbeeck Hans , Wijaya Arief , Willcock Simon
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The terrestrial forest carbon pool is poorly quantified, in particular in regions with low forest inventory capacity. By combining multiple satellite observations of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter around the year 2010, we generated a global, spatially explicit dataset of above-ground forest biomass (dry mass, AGB) with a spatial resolution of 1 ha. Using an extensive database of 110,897 AGB measurements from field inventory plots, we show that the spatial patterns and magnitude of AGB are well captured in our map with the exception of regional uncertainties in high carbon stock forests with AGB > 250 Mg ha−1 where the retrieval was effectively based on a single radar observation. With a total global AGB of 522 Pg, our estimate of the terrestrial biomass pool in forests is lower than most estimates published in literature (426–571 Pg). Nonetheless, our dataset increases knowledge on the spatial distribution of AGB compared to the global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and highlights the impact of a country’s national inventory capacity on the accuracy of the biomass statistics reported to the FRA. We also reassessed previous remote sensing AGB maps, and identify major biases compared to inventory data, up to 120 % of the inventory value in dry tropical forests, in the sub-tropics and temperate zone. Because of the high level of detail and the overall reliability of the AGB spatial patterns, our global dataset of AGB is likely to have significant impacts on climate, carbon and socio-economic modelling schemes, and provides a crucial baseline in future carbon stock changes estimates. The dataset is available at: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.894711 (Santoro, 2018).
Copulas for hydroclimatic applications – A practical note on common misconceptions and pitfalls
Authors: Tootoonchi Faranak , Haerter Jan Olaf , Räty Olle , Grabs Thomas , Sadegh Mojtaba , Teutschbein Claudia
Published: July 2020

Abstract. For most hydroclimatic applications, precipitation and temperature are of particular interest as they strongly affect the water cycle, can easily be measured and are often readily available from many meteorological stations worldwide. To account for precipitation and temperature variability, their co-dependence and their correlation, several multivariate analysis methods have been adopted in the hydroclimatic literature in recent years. In line with the steadily rising number of publications on this topic, the notion of copula-based probability distribution has also attracted tremendous interest to deal with the complexity of compound events in the multidimensional context. A copula is a function that connects a multivariate distribution to its one-dimensional margins, which allows for a joint distribution of random variables with great flexibility for the marginal distribution. However, there seems to be a lack of comprehensive understanding of the fundamental requirements of the copula concept such as the strength and significance of correlation between variables, autocorrelation effects and the choice of representative copula families, which potentially compromises the robustness of projections of future environmental processes and natural hazards. Therefore, by combining a systematic literature review with a specific hydroclimatic case study in Sweden, we illustrate a practical approach to copula-based modeling, which (1) provides end-users with an overview of necessary requirements, statistical assumptions and consequential limitations of copulas, (2) highlights possible pitfalls and misconceptions, and (3) offers a decision support framework for the application of copulas to support researchers and decision makers in addressing climatological hazards and sustainable development, thereby demystifying what is currently an area of great confusion.
Comportamento e distribuição das chuvas na Região de São Carlos/SP a partir de dados de Estações Climatológicas no per�odo de 1993-2014
Authors: Sanches Rafael Grecco , Vecchia Francisco Arthur da Silva , Souza Paulo Henrique de
Published: July 2020

As alterações climáticas, em diferentes escalas espaciais e temporais, alicerçam diversas pesquisas em climatologia a fim de compreender a dinâmica climatológica, bem como os atributos climáticos em tal processo. As chuvas, nesse sentido, representam a complexidade no entendimento da dinâmica atmosférica, uma vez que essas apresentam sua gênese apoiadas em diferentes processos atmosféricos. O presente estudo compreende o comportamento das chuvas na região de São Carlos a partir de dados diários de chuvas nas estações climatológicas na região de São Carlos/SP na série histórica de 1993 a 2014. Foram determinados os cálculos dos �ndices propostos por Zhang e Yang (2004) de RX 1 dia (máximo acumulado em um único dia), SDII (�ndice simples de intensidade), DCU (dias consecutivos úmidos), DCS (dias consecutivos secos) e PRCPTOT (precipitação total nos dias úmidos), pelo software R com script RClimdex. Os dados calculados apresentaram grande flutuação ao longo da série histórica 1993-2014 para todos os �ndices adotados, o que configura a presença de anos abaixo e acima da média para cada �ndice, bem como aponta para o dinamismo climático regional com os valores diários das chuvas junto ao planejamento regional.

Palavras-chave: �?ndices, Climatologia Estat�stica, Chuvas, RClimdex.
Sistemas, caos e o processo de desertificação no Semiárido Brasileiro: complexidade e interações
Authors: Lemos Jeferson Emanuel de , Souza Bartolomeu Israel de , Diniz Marco Túlio Mendonça
Published: July 2020

O pensamento sistêmico passou a se destacar a partir da metade do século XX, por volta de 1950, e reverberou seus preceitos em direção a todos os campos do conhecimento, inclusive na Geografia. Realizamos uma revisão teórica de parte da evolução desta noção no seio cient�fico, incluindo questões ligadas à evolução da Teoria do Caos, pois ambos tornam-se complementares e importantes na compreensão do funcionamento dos sistemas complexos. Por se tratar de um trabalho de caráter teórico, foram realizadas discussões embasadas em vários autores, os quais tratam da complexidade tanto na perspectiva cient�fica, quanto da complexidade das interações entre os sistemas sociais e ambientais, bem como da desertificação no semiárido. Tomamos como exemplo de sistema complexo e objeto de análise o semiárido brasileiro, ao elaborar discussões e tentativas de ilustração dessa relação através das dinâmicas socioambientais e espaciais associadas ao processo de desertificação que tem atingido essa área do pa�s. Os principais resultados constatados revelam que este sistema é mantido por meio da interrelação de vários elementos, os quais o tornam complexo e apto a suportar as variações/inputs internos/externos que podem “abalar�? sua estrutura de funcionamento. Contudo, devido às constantes reorganizações propiciadas pelos desmatamentos seculares, essas intervenções humanas têm gerado um padrão caótico que, se continuar sendo constantemente retroalimentado, pode conduzir todo o sistema semiárido ao estado de desintegração/colapso.

Palavras-chave: Pensamento sistêmico, Caoticidade, Não-linearidade, Complexidade, Caatinga.
Cartografia Escolar Inclusiva: o jogo digital educacional como instrumento na alfabetização cartográfica de alunos surdos e deficientes auditivos
Authors: Rodrigues Tuane Telles , Cassol Roberto , Miranda Wilson de Oliveira
Published: July 2020

As novas metodologias no ensino de Geografia têm buscado propostas modernas para a aproximação entre as comunidades que compõem a sociedade, o que se convencionou chamar de educação inclusiva. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa aqui relatada buscou contribuir no aperfeiçoamento
das técnicas voltadas ao ensino e à aprendizagem da Cartografia Escolar de alunos surdos e deficientes auditivos, no munic�pio de Santa Maria, RS. A metodologia empregada foi estruturada em três fases: a primeira, na observação dos alunos da Escola Estadual de Educação Especial Dr. Reinaldo Fernando Cóser; a segunda, foi a construção do perfil dos alunos surdos e deficientes auditivos que estudam no munic�pio; a terceira, a avaliação das impressões dos alunos em relação ao jogo digital “CartoCon: Nossa Expedição geográfica�?, através da abordagem qualitativa. Os resultados obtidos foram positivos, evidenciando que o jogo digital, quando adaptado às condições dos alunos, é um recurso viável no ensino inclusivo de Cartografia Escolar, atendendo demandas dos estudantes que integram a comunidade surda do munic�pio.

Palavras-chave: Ensino de Geografia. Cartografia Escolar Inclusiva. Jogo digital.
Transição urbana e demográfica no Brasil: caracter�sticas, percursos e tendências
Authors: Castiglioni Aurélia Herm�nia
Published: July 2020

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a evolução conjunta dos processos de transição urbana e demográfica vivenciados pelo Brasil e Unidades Administrativas, de 1940 a 2010. O trabalho contém a caracterização espaço-temporal dos processos, o agrupamento das unidades com caracter�sticas semelhantes, a identificação de modelos de trajetórias e a projeção de tendências. Para o estudo foram aplicados métodos de análise de dados, de classificação hierárquica e de estimativa aos dados produzidos por fontes oficiais. A evolução dos processos apresenta as tendências clássicas que marcam as fases das transformações demográficas: aceleração do crescimento demográfico e da urbanização decorrentes inicialmente das mudanças do comportamento da mortalidade, a seguir, pela intensificação da migração rural-urbana, evoluindo para a fase de redução sincrônica da fecundidade e das taxas de crescimento natural ou vegetativo, migratório e urbano. As trajetórias dos processos demográficos, passadas ou atuais, refletem as desigualdades socioespaciais existentes entre as regiões do pa�s e mostram que as diferenças entre indicadores persistem, porém com tendência à convergência.

Palavras-chave: Transição urbana, Transição demográfica, Migração rural-urbana, Continuidade e convergência.
Inorganic Nitrogen Fractions in Soil Under Different Uses and Management Systems in the Brazilian Eastern Amazon
Authors: Torres Camila Maciel , Pinheiro Andresa Damaris De Souza , Hungria Letícia Cunha da , El-Husny Jamil Chaar , Sacramento Priscila Pereira , Andrade Izabelle Pereira
Published: July 2020

Land use and management systems are factors that control availability and nitrogen (N) forms in soil environment. The aim was to evaluate the inorganic N fractions dynamics in soil under different use and management systems in Brazilian Eastern Amazon conditions. Soils were sampled at depths of 0.0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m in areas under pasture (PAST), no-tillage (NT), conventional tillage (CT) and a reference area under fallow vegetation (FV). In the samples, soil organic matter (SOM), total-N, ammonium (N-NH4+) and nitrate (N-NO3-) contents were determined and the urease enzyme activity was measured. In CT and NT the SOM contents were similar to those found in FV, with an average of 36.7 g kg-1, while under PAST there was a 16.6% reduction when compared to the reference area. The total-N levels followed the same dynamics found for SOM. The ammonium concentration was 2.4 times higher in soils under FV (14 mg kg-1) when compared to other systems and nitrate followed the order NT> CT> FV=PAST. The pasture (44 µg N-NH4+ g-1 soil h-1), among soils for agricultural use, induced the highest ureolytic activity. The preserved soil conversion from native forest to pasture caused a 16.6% reduction in the SOM contents and 55.5% and 46% for ammonium and nitrate, respectively. On the other hand, the NT system has the capacity to accumulate SOM in a similar way to the area of native vegetation studied, as well as a high capacity to retain N in the soil, preferentially in the nitrate form.
Frequencies of human platelet antigens (HPA-1, -2, -3, -4, and -5) among the Moroccan blood donors
Authors: Ouabdelmoumene Zainab , EL Housse Houria , Zarati Fatima , Nourichafi Nadia , Bouisk Kamal , Benajiba Mohamed , Habti Norddine
Published: July 2020

Aims: Human platelet antigens (HPA) are involved in several clinical conditions, such as neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT), platelet transfusion purpura (PTP), and refractoriness to platelet transfusion.The frequency of platelet antigens varies among populations. So far, typing of HPA systems has not been carried on Moroccan population. The frequencies of these antigens, their risk of alloimmunization, and their clinical implications and complications within Moroccan population are unknown. Our purpose is to define allele frequencies and genotypes in Moroccan population of the five HPA-1 to HPA-5 systems. Evaluate of the risk of anti-platelet alloimmunization among Moroccan blood donors, and estimate the mismatch probability of different platelet alloantigens, after random transfusions of platelet concentrates. Methods: The gene polymorphisms of HPA-1, -2, -3, -4, and -5 were determined by the PCRSSP technique on a DNA sample of 110 healthy Moroccan blood donors randomly chosen.

Results: Alleles frequencies for the HPA systems were: HPA-1a: 0.704, HPA-2a: 0.709, HPA3a: 0.773, HPA-4a: 0.99, and HPA-5a: 0.760. The alleles were HPA-1b: 0.296, HPA-2b: 0.291, HPA-3b: 0.227, HPA-4b: 0.01, and HPA-5b: 0.240. The theoretical frequencies of descendants at risk of alloimmunization are ranged between 0.99% for HPA-4 to 20.76% for HPA-1. The estimated mismatch probability regarding platelet antigens HPA-1, -2, -3, -4, and –5 in Moroccan blood donors, after random platelet transfusion, varies from 1.96% for HPA-4, to 32.9% for HPA-1.

Conclusion: Taking consideration of the previous studies, and our results, a clinical research associated with platelet disorders, such as: neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT), post transfusion purpura (PTP), and, multi-platelet transfusion refractoriness (MPR), are needed to ensure the proper diagnosis and the blood transfusion safety.
Spontaneous rupture of uterine surface vessel from a multigravida in spontaneous labor
Authors: Quay Juliana , Naseem Azra , Kaladelfos George
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Spontaneous rupture of a uterine vessel during labor is rare.
Case Report: A 41-year-old multigravida presented with spontaneous hemoperitoneum one day after spontaneous vaginal delivery with no prior history of cesarean section. Laparotomy revealed a bleeding vessel on the right lateral posterior aspect of the uterine serosa, which led to hemoperitoneum causing hemorrhagic shock and a spontaneous surgical abdomen.
Conclusion: Uterine surface vessel rupture is rare and difficult to diagnose. However with close observation to vital signs and symptoms, immediate resuscitative efforts could be taken.
A rare occurrence of two synchronous carcinoid tumors in the same organ
Authors: Habeeb Bin Mohsin Melanie , Busuttil Andrew , Y. Lu Chris
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Carcinoid tumors are neuroendocrine cell tumors, most commonly found in the appendix and small bowel. Carcinoid tumors are often found together with another tumor of a different histological type. However, to find two synchronously occurring carcinoid tumors in one person is uncommon, and indeed to discover two synchronous carcinoid tumors in the one organ is extremely rare.
Case Report: This case report describes a 57-year-old male presented with symptoms of a small bowel obstruction. After failing conservative management, he proceeded to undergo a laparotomy. At the time of operation, two distinct lesions were found in his jejunum which were the cause of his bowel obstruction. These were excised, and found to be synchronous carcinoid tumors of the small bowel.
Conclusion: We describe a unique case of synchronous carcinoid tumors causing small bowel obstruction. Carcinoid tumors are a rare but important consideration when managing patients with small bowel obstructions. In addition, more research is required regarding the prognostic factors and treatment options for small bowel carcinoid tumors. The clinical and prognostic significance of synchronous small bowel carcinoid tumors also requires further study.
Assessment of donor deferral rates and deferral reasons at the Namibia blood transfusion services
Authors: Gonzo Martin , Shuuveni Aili , Mukesi Munyaradzi , Chipare Israel , Moyo Sylvester
Published: July 2020

Aims: Despite the need to recruit and retain more blood donors, some are deferred from donating to ensure their safety and that of recipients is maintained. Examination of donor deferrals provides insights into how donor procurement strategies can be improved. Provision of safe and adequate supply of blood products is a major public health issue globally. As a result provision of safe blood should be ensured through proper donation procedures and safe transfusion. To assess the donor deferral rates and reasons for deferral among donors at Namibia blood transfusion services (NAMBTS) from 01st April 2012 to 31st March 2015.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the deferred donor records from 1 April 2012 to 31 March 2015.
Results: Out of 50,074 prospective donors, 4302 (8.6%) donors were deferred. The deferral rates for females and males were 74.0% and 26.0%, respectively. Of the deferred donors 80.8% were new donors and 19.2% were repeat donors. Common deferral reasons included low hemoglobin levels (45.0%), pregnancy and breast feeding (13.7%) and being on medication (13.6%). Being on medication accounted for high deferral rate (24.0%) among male donors while in female donors, low hemoglobin levels caused high (53.0%) deferral rate.
Conclusion: The deferral of donors has a negative impact on donor retention as deferred donors are less likely to return. Studying the profile of differed donors revealed that anemia is a major contributing factor and this is more pronounced in females. It may be pertinent to address the issue of anemia by educating the donor population on ways to enhance erythropoietic activity.
Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus among volunteer blood donors in the National Blood Transfusion Center of Lome
Authors: Koboyo Nadjir Liza , Kolou Malewe , Katawa Gnatoulma , Kwame Kwarteng Alexander , Raouf Issa Abdoul , Magnang Hèzouwè , Mawussi Koffi , Feteke Lochina , Yvon Segbena Koffi
Published: July 2020

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at the Centre National de Transfusion (CNTS) of Lomé, Togo.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, which included volunteer blood donors from 2011–2015 at the CNTS of Lomé. The age ranged from 18–60 years old. All donors were screened for HBV, HCV and HIV using ELISA and the seroprevalence of these viruses was calculated using Graph Pad Prism software.
Results: Male donors (86.44%) were significantly more represented than female (13.71%). Regular donors (72.2%) were more than first time donors (28%, p<0.001). The overall seroprevalence during the study period was 2.63%, 1.58% and 0.92% for HBV, HCV and HIV, respectively. The seroprevalence of these viruses in blood donors decreased from 2011–2015. The proportion of HBV among blood-borne viral infection represented, 48.81%, 54.16%, 51.71%, 46.71% and 58.10% in 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.
Conclusion: This study permitted to monitor the dynamics of HBV, HCV and HIV in blood donors for five years in Lomé, and revealed the need to reinforce screening, preventive and sensitization strategies to improve transfusion safety in Togo.
Factors of Code-Switching among Bilingual International Students in Malaysia
Authors: Muthusamy Paramasivam , Muniandy Rajantheran , Kandasamy Silllalee. S. , Hussin Omrah Hassan@ , Subramaniam Manimaran , Farashaiyan Atieh
Published: July 2020

The present study aims to identify the factors that can potentially affect code switching in a college classroom in Malaysia. The participants were twenty bilingual international students enrolled in an English course in Malaysia. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with the participating students. The findings of the study indicated that the main factor behind code switching among the students was incompetence in the second language. Other factors that could account for code switching were maintaining privacy, the ease of speaking in the first language compared to speaking in English, avoiding misunderstanding, and unfamiliarity with similar words in English. Therefore, code switching was found to be an effective strategy used by the students to make their intended meaning explicit and to transmit some knowledge to other students in classroom interactions. This study provides some implications for English teaching community including language learners, teachers, and curriculum developers.
Enhancing empathy and positive attitude among nursing undergraduates via an in-class virtual reality-based simulation relating to mental illness
Authors: Ho Yan Lam Angie , Lin Jessie Jingxia , Wan Abraham Wai Hin , Wong Janet Yuen Ha
Published: July 2020

Objective: The study aims to examine the impact of virtual reality simulation that simulates the experience of psychiatric symptomology associated with mental illness in mental health nursing education.Methods: A total of 159 nursing students being exposed to an in-class VR simulation completed pre-test measures about empathy and positive attitudes towards mental illness. Narrative feedback was collected to explore the students' perceptions of the VR simulation. Results: The results indicated a significant increase in the overall empathy and positive attitudes towards mental illness after participating in the in-class VR simulation related to mental illness. Students had a clearer understanding of the patient's experience and difficulties from VR simulation.Conclusions: In-class VR simulation may play a significant role in enhancing empathetic understanding and positive attitudes towards individuals diagnosed with mental illness.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the long-term outcomes of ileal conduit and orthotopic neobladder urinary diversion
Authors: Browne Eva , Lawrentschuk Nathan , Davis Niall F.
Published: July 2020

Introduction: We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the long-term durability, incidence of complications, and patient satisfaction outcomes in ileal conduit (IC) and orthotopic neobladder (ONB).

Methods: A systematic electronic literature search was performed in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus using MeSH and free-text search terms “Urinary diversion” AND “Ileal conduit” AND “Neobladder.” The search concluded June 19, 2018. Inclusion criteria were those patients who had a cystectomy and required urinary diversion by either IC or neobladder.

Results: In total, 32 publications met the inclusion criteria. Data were available on 46 787 patients (n=36 719 for IC and n=10 068 for ONB). Meta-analyses showed that IC urinary diversions performed less favorably than ONB in terms of re-operation rates, Clavien-Dindo complications, and mortality rates; odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 1.76 (1.24, 2.50) p<0.01, 1.16 (1.09, 1.22) p<0.01, and 6.29 (5.30, 7.48) p<0.01, respectively. IC urinary diversion performed better than ONB in relation to urinary tract infection rates and ureteric stricture rates, OR and 95% CI 0.67 (0.58, 0.77) p<0.01 and 0.70 (0.55, 0.89) p<0.01, respectively.

Conclusions: Our results show that there is no significantly increased morbidity with ONB compared to IC. Selection of either urinary diversion technique should be based on factors such as tumor stage, comorbidities, surgical experience, and patient acceptance of postoperative sequalae.
Heterogeneity in urology teaching curricula among Canadian urology residency programs
Authors: Mann Uday , Ramjiawan Ryan , Nayak Jasmir G. , Patel Premal
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Postgraduate education is transitioning to a competency-based curriculum in an effort to standardize the quality of graduating trainees. The learning experiences and opportunities in each institution are likely variable, as no standard exists regarding the teaching curriculum offered through residency. The objective of this study is to examine the various teaching curricula among different Canadian urology residency programs and to identify which teaching modalities are prioritized by program directors.

Methods: A 10-question anonymous survey was sent electronically to program directors at all 12 urology residency programs across Canada. Questions were designed to quantify the time allotted for teaching and to assess the various teaching session types prioritized by programs to ensure the successful training of their graduates. We assessed each program’s perceived value of written exams, oral exams, didactic teaching session, and simulation sessions. Responses were assessed using a Likert-scale and a ranking format. Descriptive statistics were performed.

Results: Overall survey response rate from residency program directors was 75% (9/12). Sixty-seven percent of programs designated one day of teaching per week, whereas 33% split resident teaching over two days. Review of chapters directly from Campbell-Walsh Urology textbook were deemed the most valuable teaching session. Practice oral exams were also prioritized, whereas most programs felt that simulation labs contributed the least to residency education. All programs included review of the core urology textbook in their weekly teaching, while only 67% of programs included faculty-led didactic sessions and case presentations. Forty-four percent of programs included resident-led didactic sessions. Practice oral exams and simulation labs were the least commonly included teaching modalities.

Conclusions: Although most program directors prioritize the review of chapters in the core urology textbook, we found significant heterogeneity in the teaching sessions prioritized and offered in current urology residency curricula. As we move to standardize the quality of graduating trainees, understanding the impact of variable educational opportunities on residency training may become increasingly important.
Efficacy of the Aqueous Extracts of Justicia Galeopsis Leaves on the Improvement of Hematological Parameters in Anemic Rats
Authors: Loukou Ahou L. , Gbogbo Moussa , Assi Raissa S. , Atchibri-Anin Louise , Brou Kouakou
Published: July 2020

Antianemc potential of aqueous of Justicia galeopsis leaves was studied using Wistar Albino rats after induction of anemia by phenylhydrazine hydrochloride. Forty rats (20 male and 20 female) subdivided into five groups of eight rats were used. There was a group as control (not anemic) and four other anemic groups which had received by gavage respectively 1 ml/kg of distilled water, 1 ml/kg of body weight of Vitafer (reference drug commonly used to treat anemia), 100 mg/kg of body weight of extract of J. galeopsis leaves cooked during 30 min and 30 mg/kg of body weight of extract of J. galeopsis leaves cooked during 45 min. Hematological parameters (red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit) were analyzed as indices of anemia and the weights of specific organs (liver, spleen and kidney) were evaluated. The results of this investigation had showed that aqueous extract of J. galeopsis leaves cooked improved red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. These extracts were not toxic for liver, spleen and kidney. The administration of 100 mg/kg/day of extract of leaves cooked leaves during 30 min promotes a better recovery rate of the number of red blood cells (94.80 %), hemoglobin level (159.53 %) and hematocrit (117.72 %) than Vitafer and the extract of leaves cooked for 45 min. This is suggestive that aqueous extracts of Justicia galeopsis leaves cooked during 30 min may be exploited during 2 weeks in the treatment of anemia.
Relationship between Ocular Morbidity and Infant Nutrition
Authors: Bozkurt Erdinc , Bekis Bozkurt Hayrunisa
Published: July 2020

The nutrition of the constantly growing and developing infant even after birth has an undeniable contribution to the development of eyes, which can be considered as the extension of the brain. Therefore, the elucidation of these physiological developments is valuable in terms of preventing pathological conditions. During the first six months of an infant’s life, nutrition is provided through breast milk or infant formula, and after the sixth month, there is a transition to additional food. Breast milk is, thus, considered as ‘miracle food’, with a growing body of research being undertaken to investigate its relationship with orbital diseases and reporting that breast milk reduces ocular morbidity. Breast milk is an accessible, economical and important nutrition source for eye development and infant health. The developments in recent years have resulted in the content of formula being closer to that of breast milk, which can positively affect the neurovisional development of babies that cannot be fed with breast milk.
Drug Repositioning for the Treatment of Glioma: Current State and Future Perspective
Authors: Tamai Sho , Hirai Nozomi , Jiapaer Shabierjiang , Furuta Takuya , Nakada Mitsutoshi
Published: July 2020

Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors. Among them, glioblastoma (GBM) possesses the most malignant phenotype. Despite the current standard therapy using an alkylating anticancer agent, temozolomide, most patients with GBM die within 2 years. Novel chemotherapeutic agents are urgently needed to improve the prognosis of GBM. One of the solutions, drug repositioning, which broadens the indications of existing drugs, has gained attention. Herein, we categorize candidate agents, which are newly identified as therapeutic drugs for malignant glioma into 10 classifications based on these original identifications. Some drugs are in clinical trials with hope. Additionally, the obstacles, which should be overcome in order to accomplish drug repositioning as an application for GBM and the future perspectives, have been discussed.
Hemostatic Adjuncts in Orthopedic Surgery: Innovations in Technique, Technology, and Biosurgical Applications
Authors: Konopitski Andrew , Nwachuku Chinenye
Published: July 2020

Significant blood loss is an obstacle frequently encountered in orthopedic surgery in both elective and trauma settings. Notwithstanding the nature of orthopedic surgery creates a unique environment, where hemostasis may be difficult to achieve. In total hip and knee arthroplasty, freshly cut bone edges bleed persistently and often do not respond to typical hemostatic methods utilized in soft tissues. Spine surgery requires strict adherence to hemostatic principles as uncontrolled bleeding can result in compression of neural elements. Blood loss in orthopedic trauma presents a highly variable environment where methods of hemostasis must match the severity of the injury. Lastly, orthopedic tumor procedures often require bloodless fields in order to limit the risk of hemostatic spread. The following chapter takes a subspecialized approach to blood loss management in orthopedic surgery, including perioperative management of anticoagulant medications, protocols for utilization of pharmacologic agents, and techniques for the application of topical hemostatic compounds.
Relationship of Self-Differentiation and Social Intelligence with Happiness by Mediating Role of Difficulty in Cognitive Emotion Regulation Among Female-Headed Households
Authors: Dehdashti Lesani Masoumeh , Makvandi Behnam , Naderi Farah , Hafezi Fariba
Published: July 2020

Background: Female-headed households are one of the vulnerable classes of society that are exposed to serious social problems. Happiness constitutes part of human emotions with different functional consequences in the personal, social, mental, cognitive, and emotional characteristics of female-headed households. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of difficulty in cognitive emotion regulation in the relationships of self-differentiation and social intelligence with happiness among female-headed households in Ahvaz city in 2018. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 261 female-headed households, which were selected by a purposive sampling method. The research instruments included the Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI), the Tromso Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS), the Differentiation of Self Inventory (DSI), and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Results: The results showed that the relationship between difficulties in cognitive emotion regulation and happiness was significant, direct, and negative (β = -0.50, P = 0.000). Also, the relationship between social intelligence and happiness was significant, direct, and positive (β = 0.21, P = 0.000). There was no direct and significant relationship between self-differentiation and happiness (β = 0.04, P = 0.545). Path analysis results showed that difficulties in cognitive emotion regulation had a mediating role in the relationship of social intelligence (β = -0.16, P = 0.000) and self-differentiation (β = -0.03, P = 0.019) with happiness. Conclusions: The research findings suggest the important mediating role of difficulty in cognitive emotion regulation in the relationships between social intelligence, happiness, and self-differentiation.
Concurrent and Predictive Validity of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 in Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study with Controlling the Confounding Factors
Authors: Salehpoor Ghasem , Hadianfard Habib
Published: July 2020

Background: The assessment of psychological symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients could play a key role in identifying the adverse effects of the disease. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the concurrent and predictive validity of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) in patients with MS. Methods: In a cross‐sectional study in 2010, 162 patients were selected by a consecutive method. Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) Questionnaire were used in this study. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multivariate hierarchical regression analyses. Results: The findings of the present study revealed that DASS-21 subscales have a strong correlation with the constructs of fatigue and SF-36 components (r = 0.29 to -0.71; P < 0.01). In addition, each of the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress independently predicted a significant proportion of the variance in the scores on fatigue and eight aspects of health (P ≤ 0.006) even after controlling the confounding factors. Conclusions: The present study has highlighted the concurrent and predictive validity of DASS-21 in MS. Thus, this study suggests that therapeutic interventions for reducing psychological symptoms can lead to an improvement in different dimensions of health.
Análise de conforto urbano do marco das Três Fronteiras em Foz Do Iguaçu-PR
Authors: Sacht Helenice Maria , Mata-Lima Herlander , Cardoso Andréa de Oliveira , Castaño Delgado Jair Stivenz
Published: July 2020

O desenho urbano bioclimático aborda, desde sua concepção, o clima como uma variável importante, sendo a análise climática um instrumento imprescindível para intervenções urbanas. A pesquisa realizada tem como objetivo a caracterização de estratégias bioclimáticas para projetos urbanos em Foz do Iguaçu, tendo como base a caracterização climática do local, o levantamento das diretrizes e soluções condizentes com o clima. Analisaram-se estratégias bioclimáticas tendo como referência os documentos normativos nacionais e ferramentas específicas de análise urbana. Como aplicação, realizou-se um estudo de caso no Marco das Três Fronteiras aplicando as diretrizes adequadas ao clima com subsídio de um diagnóstico baseado em condições de temperatura e umidade. A pesquisa permitiu estabelecer parâmetros de conforto térmico e estratégias bioclimáticas para projetos urbanísticos adequados ao clima de Foz do Iguaçu-PR, clima ainda não estudado nesse aspecto.

El disseny urbà bioclimàtic s’aproxima, des de la seva concepció, al clima com a variable important, essent l’anàlisi climàtica un instrument essencial per a les intervencions urbanes. La investigació realitzada té com a objectiu caracteritzar estratègies bioclimàtiques per a projectes urbans de Foz do Iguaçu, basats en la caracterització climàtica del lloc, enquesta de pautes i solucions coherents amb el clima. Es van analitzar estratègies bioclimàtiques en referència a documents normatius nacionals i eines específiques per a l’anàlisi urbana. Com a sol·licitud, es va realitzar un estudi de cas a Marco das Três Fronteiras aplicant les directrius climàtiques adequades amb subvenció per a un diagnòstic basat en les condicions de temperatura i humitat. La investigació va permetre establir paràmetres de confort tèrmic i estratègies bioclimàtiques per a projectes urbans adequats al clima de Foz do Iguaçu-PR, un clima que encara no s'ha estudiat al respecte.

The concept of bioclimatic urban design addresses the micro-climate as an important variable so that climate analysis is an essential tool in the implementation study of urban intervention projects. Therefore, this research project aims to survey and characterize bioclimatic strategies for urban projects in Foz do Iguaçu, based on local climatic characterization and, guidelines set according to climate conditions. Bioclimatic strategies were analyzed based on the national norms and specific tools of urban analysis. A case study was carried out in the Marco das Três Fronteiras applying the appropriate climate guidelines with a diagnosis based on temperature and humidity conditions. At the end of the research thermal comfort parameters and bioclimatic strategies suitable with urban projects suitable were established for the climate of Foz do Iguaçu-PR, climate not yet studied in this respect.
Artículo Editorial
Authors: Roca Cladera Josep
Published: July 2020

Artículo editorial.

Article editorial.

Editor article.
A liderança coaching na avaliação de enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem
Authors: Balsanelli Alexandre Pazetto , Araújo Kazuy Familia de , Ferreira Agatha Cavalcante
Published: July 2020

Objetivos: identificar autoavaliação dos enfermeiros sobre liderança coaching e a avaliação dos técnicos e auxiliares de Enfermagem sobre seu líder. Correlacionar as variáveis: idade, sexo, graduação, pós-graduação, tempos de instituição e formação, cargo e turno de trabalho com os domínios da liderança coaching (comunicação, feedback, poder e influência). Método: estudo correlacional em dois hospitais (A e B) de São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Para coleta de dados usaram-se dois questionários validados denominados: “Questionário de autopercepção do enfermeiro no exercício da liderança” e o outro destinado aos técnicos e auxiliares de Enfermagem (liderados): “Questionário de percepção do técnico e auxiliar de Enfermagem no exercício da liderança”. A amostra, por conveniência, constituiu-se de 104 duplas, sendo 52 enfermeiros e 52 técnicos/auxiliares do hospital A e igual quantidade no hospital B. Utilizaram-se estatística descritiva e o teste de Mann-Whitney (p<0,010). Resultados: no hospital A houve divergência entre autopercepção dos enfermeiros sobre sua liderança coaching e avaliação dos técnicos e auxiliares de Enfermagem a respeito do seu líder (p=0,008), considerando a pontuação total das escalas. Já no hospital B, apenas o domínio “comunicação” foi diferente (p=0,010) e, nesse local, a variável graduação dos técnicos e auxiliares foi significativa para “poder” (p=0,03). Conclusão: os líderes foram reconhecidos de maneira distinta pelos seus liderados, considerando os domínios da liderança coaching. Isso deve ser uma oportunidade de melhoria para estabelecer novos caminhos ao liderar uma equipe e alcançar as metas estabelecidas.
Doação de órgãos e tecidos para transplantes
Authors: Lima Angela Beatriz de Castro , Furieri Lorena Barros , Fiorin Bruno Henrique , Romero Walckiria Garcia , Lima Eliane de Fátima Almeida , Lopes Andressa Bolsoni , Fioresi Mirian
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: avaliar o conhecimento, atitude e prática de integrantes de comissões intra-hospitalares de doação de órgãos e tecidos para transplantes quanto ao processo de doação de órgãos e tecidos para transplantes. Método: estudo avaliativo, quantitativo, com aplicação de questionário conhecimento, atitude e prática (CAP) a 34 profissionais de saúde em 2017. Resultados: constatou-se mais adequabilidade dos profissionais quanto à atitude e menos quanto ao conhecimento. Profissionais com especialização na área e os que se sentem preparados obtiveram maiores escores de conhecimento e prática; aqueles com duplo vínculo empregatício apresentaram menores escores de atitude; aqueles com formação para atuar na comissão e os que não tinham empecilhos para a condução do processo alcançaram pontuações superiores de prática. Os escores conhecimento e prática apresentaram correlação positiva moderada. Conclusão: evidenciou-se déficit dos profissionais quanto ao domínio conhecimento do processo de doação e captação de órgãos para transplantes.
El Partido de los Comunistas de Cataluña
Authors: Ollero Butler Fernando
Published: July 2020

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Estatutos generales de Euskadiko Ezkerra-Izquierda para el Socialismo
Authors: - -
Published: July 2020

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Antiformalismo y enjuiciamiento efectivo en el sistema de la justicia constitucional (I)
Authors: Martín-Retortillo Baquer Lorenzo
Published: July 2020

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La división de poderes y su control jurisdiccional
Authors: García Pelayo Manuel
Published: July 2020

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Practice-Changing Interventions in the Systemic Management of Breast Cancer
Authors: Gradishar William J.
Published: July 2020

Systemic treatment for metastatic breast cancer now incorporates many targeted agents and a plethora of combinations specific to the breast cancer subtype. New to the treatment paradigm are fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki, and tucatinib for HER2-positive disease; the PI3K inhibitor alpelisib in combination with fulvestrant for estrogen receptor–positive and PIK3CA-mutated tumors; PARP inhibitors for patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutations; and the anti–PD-L1 agent atezolizumab in combination with albumin-bound paclitaxel for triple-negative disease with PD-L1 mutations in tumors. In addition, for estrogen receptor–positive disease, the role of CDK4/6 inhibitors increased substantially during the past year, as overall survival results have emerged. These targeted agents are greatly improving patient outcomes, and thus have all been incorporated into the NCCN Guidelines for Breast Cancer.