bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovaciones en la formación del profesorado de matemáticas para contextos multiculturales
Authors: Flores López William Oswaldo
Published: November 2018

En este artículo ha descrito las experiencias de innovación en la formación del profesorado de matemáticas en contextos multiculturales. Fue un estudio cualitativo con una perspectiva de teoría fundamentada donde se realizó un análisis hermenéutico de políticas, leyes, normativas, reglamentos, programas curriculares, libros, artículos científicos, artículos de prensa y proyectos de investigación, desarrollo e innovación que han contribuido a la formación del profesorado de matemática. Los resultados han certificado que la formación del profesorado es una estrategia de autodesarrollo regional para contrarrestar las condiciones de pobreza y marginación de los pueblos indígenas, afrodescendientes y mestizo de Nicaragua. Además, que las tecnologías han aportado para que el estudiantado haya interactúe e intercambie experiencias en un ambiente de aprendizaje innovador y colaborativo. Finalmente, enseñar y aprender matemáticas en contextos multiculturales ha significado la revitalización e implementación de prácticas matemáticas de la vida cotidiana en una comunidad de aprendizaje desde una perspectiva intercultural de género y el reconocimiento de la diversidad de las poblaciones, tomando como referencia la resolución de problemas.
Necrotizing fasciitis: A review of three clinical encounters
Authors: Pettis Jaron , Mulji Neelam , Navarro Fernando A.
Published: November 2018

Background: Necrotizing fasciitis is a potentially lethal soft tissue infection characterized by rampant necrosis and destruction of subcutaneous tissues. Current estimates of necrotizing soft tissue infections in the United States are 4.3 infections per 100,000 of the population. Although the incidence of necrotizing soft tissue infections has decreased in the last decade, the toxic and lethal nature of the disease process lends utmost importance to accurate diagnosis and immediate management. The purpose of this review article is to report three cases of necrotizing fasciitis and provide literature review in regards to hallmark characteristics, predisposing risk factors and treatment optimization.Case: The first case depicts a newly diagnosed 43-year-old male HIV patient with necrotizing fasciitis infection characterized by Klebsiella, Serratia and anaerobic bacteria cultures. The second case describes the course of a 71-year-old male diagnosed with necrotizing fasciitis in the setting of a complicated anal fistula characterized by B. fragilis, S. anginosus and Prevotella species. The third and final case describes the course of a 44-year-old female diagnosed with necrotizing fasciitis in the setting of Ludwig’s Angina characterized by Klebsiella and Dubliensis species. Treatment was initiated with extensive wound debridement, multiple washouts and broad antibiotic regimens in all three cases. Additional hyperbaric oxygen therapy was administered in the third case.Conclusions: These case reports illustrate the range of severity and settings in which necrotizing fasciitis can occur. Significant morbidity and mortality rates are associated with a delay in treatment initiation. Given this, it is of utmost importance to develop and maintain a high clinical acumen for necrotizing soft tissue infections.
The nursing shortage: A status report
Authors: Owens Nancy
Published: November 2018

Background and objective: A shortage of nearly half a million registered nurses threatened to disrupt health care services by the year 2020 as approximately one million registered nurses, born during the baby boom generation, were projected to retire. This predicted shortage would greatly affect the quality of patient care delivery. The predicted crisis drew the attention of stakeholders across the nation.Methods: This article summarizes strategies implemented to meet the growing demand for registered nurses by various agencies and stakeholders, the result of those efforts, and future challenges currently facing the profession.Results: Interventions resulted in a renewed interest in the profession of nursing. The total number of graduates from ADN and BSN programs more than doubled from 2002 to 2012. The number of master’s and doctoral program graduates more than tripled. Full time employment of registered nurses increased from 2.1 million in 2001 to 3.2 million in 2015.Future challenges and implications: Limited employment opportunities for new graduate nurses as hiring has slowed, concern over the quality of nursing education across all program types, and the need for ongoing assessment and implementation of guidelines permitting nurses to practice to the full scope of their educational preparation and capabilities during an era of continued health care reform, are among the challenges faced by the profession. In addition, delivery of safe and effective care to meet the needs of an aging population will present many challenges in the future.
Entrepreneurial Leadership: A Review of Measures, Antecedents, Outcomes and Moderators
Authors: Ranjan Sushant
Published: November 2018

The current study presents the review on entrepreneurial leadership since year 1980. Concept of entrepreneurial leadership, and its development so far were captured. Drawing on the comprehensive literature review of 50 studies, we have presented the measures used in the prior literature to capture the main construct of entrepreneurial leadership. Dimensions such as strategic factors, communicative factors, personal factors, motivational factors and leadership behaviors contribute to form entrepreneurial leadership. Various antecedents of entrepreneurial leadership such as human capital, social capital, entrepreneurial mindset, ambidexterity, and uncertainty absorbing, challenge framing, clearing path, commitment building and limits specification were identified. Outcomes such as wealth creation, strategic management of resources, innovation performance, startup performance and creativity were also identified. The possible traits of entrepreneurial leaders such as performance oriented, ambitious, informed, extra insight visionary foresight, confidence builder, diplomatic, effective bargainer, convincing, encourage, inspirational, enthusiastic, team builder, improvement-oriented, integrator, intellectual stimulation and positive attitudes are found.
Perception of Learners Towards Monolingualism, Bilingualism and Multi-Language Learning
Authors: Küçükler Halil , Tosuncuoglu Irfan
Published: November 2018

Monolingualism is defined as state of having control over the use of one language. Bilingualism means having control over the use of two languages and multi-lingualism is defined having control over the use of more than two languages. The purpose of this study is to make a comparison of the learners’ perceptions towards monolingualism, bilingualism and multilingualism. The study was done in year of 2018. The study was done by applying questionnaires to the preparation faculty at International Hoca Ahmet Yesewi University and Balıkesir University respondents. Totally, there are 196 respondents from Yesewi University and 172 respondents from Balıkesir University. Both BAU and AYU respondents disagree that people who speak a language best are those who know one language rather than two or more. They also both agree that learner should try not to use their first language while learning a new language. Both BAU and AYU respondents agree that learning another language is important because it allows them to be more at ease with people who speaks that language. However, AYU respondents have a stronger positive attitude than BAU respondents.
Asking the ‘who’: a restorative purpose for education based on relational pedagogy and conflict dialogue
Authors: Llewellyn Kristina R. , Parker Christina
Published: November 2018

Asking the ‘who’: a restorative purpose for education based on relational pedagogy and conflict dialogue

Drawing upon Gert Biesta’s concept of the learnification of education, we maintain that a meaningful purpose for Canadian schools has been lost. We demonstrate that the very fact of relationship is limited in curricula. The absence of relationality enables the continued privilege of normative identities. A restorative approach, based on asking who is being educated, could repurpose schooling. We draw upon examples from literature, current political events and our classroom-based research to illustrate how conflict dialogue, based on relational pedagogy, offers one path for a restorative approach. We conclude that conflict dialogue provides opportunities to engage diverse students in inclusive curricular experiences. Such a restorative approach exposes and explores the who of education for the purpose of promoting positive social conditions that allow for human flourishing.
Kształtowanie się kultury edukacyjnej francuskiej Polonii
Authors: Frączek Adriana
Published: November 2018

Education as a special value in today's world is a force that generates both political, social and economic activity. It is a factor shaping self-awareness. For this reason, Poland attaches great importance to educational problems not only in the country, but also in Polish emigre environments. An example of a country that has and is of great importance for the emigration movement is France
The aim of the article is to attempt to systematize knowledge about the formation of educational life of Polish immigrants in France, to indicate the tasks and challenges that it has to contend with over the centuries.
It was shown that regardless of the era in which Polish emigres came to live, they worshiped values that do not go away: a sense of separateness, patriotism and love for their homeland, and they had constant urge to acquire knowledge.
Socjalizacja i edukacja polityczna, jako ważne determinanty kultury politycznej
Authors: Piwnicki Grzegorz
Published: November 2018

It is recognized that politics is a part of social life, that is why it is also a part of culture. In this the political culture became in the second half of the twentieth century the subject of analyzes of the political scientists in the world and in Poland. In connection with this, political culture was perceived as a component of culture in the literal sense through the prism of all material and non-material creations of the social life. It has become an incentive to expand the definition of the political culture with such components as the political institutions and the system of socialization and political education. The aim of this was to strengthen the democratic political system by shifting from individual to general social elements.
Model Rokkana-Urwina w analizie relacji centro-peryferyjnych
Authors: Pawłuszko Tomasz
Published: November 2018

In this article I examine Rokkan-Urwin centre-periphery model, which is used to analysis of interstate relations. This model, developed in the 70s has been used to describe and explain interregional differences and inequalities. Point of departure of Rokkan and Urwin was the analysis of regional potential. Final aim was to focus on political mobilization in different regions in the context of the local policies. My paper changes the level of analysis into interstate relations. My aim is to identify the processes of peripheralization of regions and states in Europe and to answer the question of ability to overcome peripheral status in the international system.
Apresentação
Authors: Quadros Claudemir de
Published: November 2018

Apresentação do v. 7, n. 16, set./dez., 2018 de Regae .
História e estética n’A COISA: Representações visuais do corpo na imprensa ilustrada da Bahia sobre abolição e pós-abolição
Authors: Pereira Túlio Henrique , Nascimento Francisco Assis
Published: November 2018

Este artigo propõe analisar as formas como o corpo humano foi representado em duas imagens publicadas no impresso baiano A Coisa, com o uso da técnica xilogravura, e uma imagem publicada na revista norte-americana The Verdict. A madeira, a tinta, a cor e o papel são elementos que, ao comporem imagens gravadas de corpos e cenários, demarcam características fenotípicas e a consequente ressignificação das identidades representadas. Assim, os materiais, os suportes e as técnicas utilizadas na produção e veiculação das imagens publicadas na imprensa ilustrada entre o final do Império e a Primeira República no Brasil, tornam-se elementos de interesse ao possibilitarem a identificação de uma linguagem visual, capaz de produzir e veicular discursos étnicos, raciais, culturais, sociais e políticos ao mesmo tempo em que constituem visualidades para esses corpos. Palavras-chave: Imprensa. Ilustrações. Corpo humano. Negros. Xilogravura. Brasil - História - República Velha, 1889-1930.
Imprensa negra e combate ao racismo (Florianópolis, 1914-1925)
Authors: Rascke Karla Leandro
Published: November 2018

O presente texto desenvolve análise crítica a respeito da produção e difusão da chamada imprensa negra em Florianópolis nas décadas seguintes à Abolição. Essa ferramenta de comunicação e divulgação compunha estratégia de mobilização de diferentes intelectuais de origem africana preocupados com o combate ao racismo, dimensionando o acesso à educação como meio de ascensão social e instrumento capaz de transformar as desigualdades raciais da sociedade da época. Com base em periódicos da imprensa local e regional, em Estatutos e Atas de associações, mapeamos movimentos de diferentes atores sociais na capital catarinense, em busca de espaços de escolarização, de sociabilidades, de inserção política e cultural. Ancorados em teóricos do campo da cultura da memória e da imprensa, organizamos nossa análise a partir das perspectivas de Taylor (2013), Connerton (1999) e Cruz e Peixoto (2007). Tais teóricos permitem um olhar a respeito das fontes utilizadas, produto de fazeres de intelectuais, “homens de cor letrados”, entre 1914 e 1925, sinalizando formas de mobilização e organização no intento de apontar problemas sociais e os impactos do racismo. Palavras-chave: História. Imprensa Negra. Florianópolis. Pós-Abolição.
Os conceitos de lugar e território na composição do Patrimônio Cultural: Quilombos e terras indígenas na Constituição Federal brasileira
Authors: Campos Yussef Daibert Salomão de
Published: November 2018

A vigente Constituição brasileira trata de direitos indígenas e quilombolas, tanto em relação à terra quanto à cultura. Mas, de maneira incoerente, desata as duas questões que são inerentes uma a outra. Atendendo a interesses políticos e econômicos, a Assembleia Nacional Constituinte, forjadora da Constituição, foi palco do imponderável descolamento do binômio lugar e território das práticas e bens culturais classificados como patrimônio. Para entender essa questão, uma revisão bibliográfica foi levantada com o intuito de demonstrar como essa separação presente no texto legal só pode ser justificada pela ótica do jogo político. Palavras-chave: Assembleia Nacional Constituinte. Patrimônio Cultural. Direitos Quilombolas. Direitos Indígenas. Lugar e Território.
Intelectuais africanos e pan-africanismo: uma narrativa pós-colonial
Authors: Durão Gustavo de Andrade
Published: November 2018

O presente artigo analisa algumas perspectivas do conceito de pan-africanismo com o intuito de ilustrar as movimentações dos escritores pan-africanos como modo de refletir brevemente o contexto de um debate pós-colonial, iniciado por eles. Seguindo apreciações de estudiosos preocupados com os temas da négritude, da solidariedade negra e da contestação à ordem colonial é possível mapear as manifestações de pensadores através dos quais se compreende os conceitos de cultura e unidade, elementos-chave para essa análise. Apesar da diversidade dos espaços nacionais, escritores afro-americanos e africanos foram responsáveis pelo surgimento da ideia e do conceito de pan-africanismo, bem como pela luta por direito dos povos negros a variadas esferas da vida política. Abordando análises importantes de pensadores como Edward Blyden, Marcus Garvey e W.E.B. DuBois, Léopold Senghor e Kwame Nkrumah há uma possibilidade de se delinear perspectivas teóricas pelas quais tais pensadores se debruçaram para constituir as definições do pan-africano e do pós-colonial, um debate ainda hoje importante para a historiografia atual. Palavras-chave: Pan-Africanismo. Afro-Americano. Estudos Africanos. Negros. Estados Unidos.
O fim da história e o fardo da temporalidade
Authors: Ávila Arthur Lima de
Published: November 2018

O presente ensaio busca, a partir principalmente das obras de Hayden White e Fredric Jameson, discutir as noções de “fardo de história” e “fim da temporalidade”, confrontando-as tanto com a atual conjuntura política e a vida sob a égide do neoliberalismo quanto com os problemas que parecem açodar a historiografia disciplinada. O argumento principal do texto é o de que esses problemas não dizem respeito somente a questões teórico-metodológicas internas à disciplina, mas também a mudanças mais profundas na ordem temporal que lhe deu origem e que qualquer tentativa de repensar a historiografia para a nossa época deve confrontar suas próprias políticas do tempo histórico. Palavras-chave: Temporalidade. História. Historiografia.
Paradoxos do protagonismo indígena na escrita escolar da História do Brasil
Authors: Coelho Mauro Cezar , Bastos Rocha Helenice Aparecida
Published: November 2018

O artigo problematiza a forma como o indígena é apresentado na narrativa de dez obras da literatura didática de história, aprovadas no PNLD/2011. Analisamos os temas nos quais os povos indígenas são presença recorrente: a América antes da chegada dos europeus e os primeiros anos da colonização. Argumentamos que a presença indígena nas narrativas não significa a adoção de uma perspectiva que considere sua participação efetiva nos processos históricos abordados pela literatura escolar. O protagonismo indígena está ausente dessas narrativas. Essa ausência tem desdobramentos tanto para a conformação do saber histórico na Escola quanto para a formação dos alunos. De um lado, contribui para a permanência de um saber histórico escolar reiterativo dos princípios estabelecidos para a disciplina ainda no século XIX. De outro, reafirma uma concepção recorrente no senso comum acerca do Índio e de seu lugar social. Palavras-chave: Ensino de História. Livro Didático. Eurocentrismo. Protagonismo Indígena.
Um olhar sobre a dimensão cultural dos protestos e os dilemas da mobilização
Authors: Zangelmi Arnaldo José
Published: November 2018

O livro Protesto discute as mobilizações dos movimentos sociais em diversos contextos, dando especial atenção à dimensão cultural dos protestos. Assim, a obra trata de aspectos centrais dessas mobilizações, como a construção de significados, recrutamento, interação com outros grupos, processo decisório e impactos dos movimentos na sociedade. Com uma abordagem processual e relacional, o autor busca compreender as significações, emoções, valores morais e estratégias dos atores, apontando os dilemas diante dos quais os integrantes dos movimentos sociais buscam traçar seus rumos.
Narrativas sobre mulheres negras: diálogos entre a História e a Museologia
Authors: Santiago Fernanda Lucas
Published: November 2018

Resenha da obra: SILVA, Joana Angélica Flores. Mulheres negras e museus de Salvador: Diálogos em branco e preto. Salvador: Edufba, 2017.
O museu está morto. Viva o museu!
Authors: Gonçalves Janice
Published: November 2018

Debate
Usages des références historiques dans le cinéma syrien d’après 2011
Authors: Appelt Nicolas
Published: November 2018

Dans la création cinématographique syrienne qui échappe au contrôle du régime, apparaissent trois usages de la référence historique. Tout d’abord, figure la référence au massacre de Hama perpétré par le régime syrien comme pour signifier que l’histoire se répétait et que la réponse des autorités ne diffère pas. Outre cette référence à usage interne, dans la mesure où elle est principalement connue des Syriens, on trouve, notamment dans les courts métrages du collectif de cinéastes Abounaddara ainsi que dans ses interventions médiatiques, la référence à l’Orientalisme ainsi qu’à la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Ces deux références s’insèrent dans une démarche critique visant à remettre en cause la perception du conflit syrien, et sa représentation dans les médias occidentaux principalement.
Unmasked Androids: Staring Faces in Science Fiction Cinema
Authors: Leal João Vitor Resende
Published: November 2018

This article examines the actor’s performance of android characters in science fiction films. The author discusses how the cinematic android stresses conflicts between identity and expression, acting and performance, face and mask—conflicts that culminate in the recurring visual motif of the “unmasking” of the android to reveal its uncanny gaze. FromA Clever Dummy(1917) toBlade Runner 2049(2017), this article analyzes some of the narrative and aesthetic strategies that transform the human actor into an inhuman character, also pointing to early manifestations of the figure of the android in Western culture and to some of its recent developments through the use of videographic masks in the work of artists Otávio Donasci, Tony Oursler and Denis Marleau.
Determinants and consequences of dispersal in vertebrates with complex life cycles: a review of pond-breeding amphibians
Authors: Cayuela Hugo , Valenzuela-Sanchez Andrés , Teulier Loïc , Martínez-Solano Íñigo , Léna Jean-Paul , Merilä Juha , Muths Erin , Shine Rick , Quay Ludivine , Denoël Mathieu , Clobert Jean , Schmidt Benedikt
Published: November 2018

Dispersal is a central process in ecology and evolution. It strongly influences the dynamics of spatially structured populations, by affecting population growth rate and local colonization-extinction processes. Dispersal can also influence evolutionary processes because it determines rates and patterns of gene flow in spatially structured populations and is closely linked to local adaptation. For these reasons, dispersal has received considerable attention from ecologists and evolutionary biologists. However, although it has been studied extensively in taxa such as birds and mammals, much less is known about dispersal in vertebrates with complex life cycles such as pond-breeding amphibians. Over the past two decades, researchers have taken an interest in amphibian dispersal and initiated both fundamental and applied studies, using a broad range of experimental and observational approaches. This body of research reveals complex dispersal patterns, causations and syndromes, with dramatic consequences for the demography and genetics of amphibian populations. In this review, our goals are to (1) redefine and clarify the concept of amphibian dispersal, (2) review current knowledge about the effects of individual (i.e., condition-dependent dispersal) and environmental (i.e., context-dependent dispersal) factors during the three stages of dispersal (i.e., emigration, immigration, transience), (3) identify the demographic and genetic consequences of dispersal in spatially structured amphibian populations, and (4) propose new research avenues to extend our understanding of amphibian dispersal. In particular, we emphasize the need to (1) quantify dispersal rate and distance rigorously using suitable model systems, (2) investigate the genetic basis and dispersal evolution patterns, and (3) examine dispersal-related eco-evolutionary dynamics. These proposed research avenues tap from the recent advances in quantitative and molecular methods and have the potential to improve our understanding of dispersal in organisms with complex life cycles.
Evolutionary pathways of repeat protein topology in bacterial outer membrane proteins
Authors: Franklin Meghan Whitney , Nepomnyachyi Sergey , Feehan Ryan , Ben-Tal Nir , Kolodny Rachel , Slusky Joanna SG
Published: November 2018

Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are the proteins in the surface of Gram-negative bacteria. These proteins have diverse functions but a single topology: the β-barrel. Sequence analysis has suggested that this common fold is a β-hairpin repeat protein, and that amplification of the β-hairpin has resulted in 8–26-stranded barrels. Using an integrated approach that combines sequence and structural analyses, we find events in which non-amplification diversification also increases barrel strand number. Our network-based analysis reveals strand-number-based evolutionary pathways, including one that progresses from a primordial 8-stranded barrel to 16-strands and further, to 18-strands. Among these pathways are mechanisms of strand number accretion without domain duplication, like a loop-to-hairpin transition. These mechanisms illustrate perpetuation of repeat protein topology without genetic duplication, likely induced by the hydrophobic membrane. Finally, we find that the evolutionary trace is particularly prominent in the C-terminal half of OMPs, implicating this region in the nucleation of OMP folding.
Neural activity related to volitional regulation of cortical excitability
Authors: Ruddy Kathy , Balsters Joshua , Mantini Dante , Liu Quanying , Kassraian-Fard Pegah , Enz Nadja , Mihelj Ernest , Subhash Chander Bankim , Soekadar Surjo R , Wenderoth Nicole
Published: November 2018

To date there exists no reliable method to non-invasively upregulate or downregulate the state of the resting human motor system over a large dynamic range. Here we show that an operant conditioning paradigm which provides neurofeedback of the size of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in response to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), enables participants to self-modulate their own brain state. Following training, participants were able to robustly increase (by 83.8%) and decrease (by 30.6%) their MEP amplitudes. This volitional up-versus down-regulation of corticomotor excitability caused an increase of late-cortical disinhibition (LCD), a TMS derived read-out of presynaptic GABAB disinhibition, which was accompanied by an increase of gamma and a decrease of alpha oscillations in the trained hemisphere. This approach paves the way for future investigations into how altered brain state influences motor neurophysiology and recovery of function in a neurorehabilitation context.
ShapeGTB: the role of local DNA shape in prioritization of functional variants in human promoters with machine learning
Authors: Malkowska Maja , Zubek Julian , Plewczynski Dariusz , Wyrwicz Lucjan S.
Published: November 2018

Motivation

The identification of functional sequence variations in regulatory DNA regions is one of the major challenges of modern genetics. Here, we report results of a combined multifactor analysis of properties characterizing functional sequence variants located in promoter regions of genes.

Results

We demonstrate that GC-content of the local sequence fragments and local DNA shape features play significant role in prioritization of functional variants and outscore features related to histone modifications, transcription factors binding sites, or evolutionary conservation descriptors. Those observations allowed us to build specialized machine learning classifier identifying functional single nucleotide polymorphisms within promoter regions—ShapeGTB. We compared our method with more general tools predicting pathogenicity of all non-coding variants. ShapeGTB outperformed them by a wide margin (average precision 0.93 vs. 0.47–0.55). On the external validation set based on ClinVar database it displayed worse performance but was still competitive with other methods (average precision 0.47 vs. 0.23–0.42). Such results suggest unique characteristics of mutations located within promoter regions and are a promising signal for the development of more accurate variant prioritization tools in the future.
ГИНОДИЭЦИЯ VALERIANA OFFICINALIS (VALERIANACEAE) В МОСКОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ, "Ботанический журнал"
Authors: Годин В. Н.
Published: November 2018

Valeriana officinalis образует два типа цветков - обоеполые и пестичные, развивающиеся на разных особях (гинодиэция). Оба типа цветков асимметричные, тетрациклические, гетеромерные: пентамерные в околоцветнике и тримерные в андроцее и гинецее, гинецей трехгнездный, псевдомономерный, с двумя стерильными гнездами. В пестичных цветках тычинки превратились в стаминодии. По большинству изученных параметров обоеполые цветки крупнее пестичных. У V. officinalis также встречаются цветки с частичной андростерильностью, занимающие по размерам промежуточное положение между обоеполыми и пестичными цветками. Обоеполые цветки характеризуются строго выраженной протандрией. В половом спектре популяций всегда резко преобладают гермафродитные особи (98-99 %) над женскими. За период наблюдений особи разных половых форм не меняли пол цветков, и половая структура оставалась стабильной без резких колебаний. Обсуждаются причины размерных различий обоеполых и пестичных цветков и малой встречаемости в популяциях особей с пестичными цветками.
РАСТИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ И ПРИРОДООХРАННАЯ ЦЕННОСТЬ СООБЩЕСТВ И БИОТОПОВ ОСТРОВА МОЩНЫЙ (ФИНСКИЙ ЗАЛИВ), "Ботанический журнал"
Authors: Ликсакова Н. С. , Глазкова Е.А.
Published: November 2018

На основе проведенных авторами в 2017 г. геоботанических и флористических исследований на о-ве Мощный (Lavansaari) впервые дана подробная характеристика растительности острова. Было выделено 80 растительных ассоциаций с применением эколого-фитоценотической классификации и составлена крупномасштабная карта растительности (м. 1 : 25000). Проведено картографирование местонахождений охраняемых видов сосудистых растений и выполнен анализ их пространственного распределения. На основе геоботанических, флористических и экотопических критериев выделены ценные в природоохранном отношении биотопы.
Ossianic gold: an enhanced object biography of a Viking Age or Late Norse finger-ring from the Isle of Jura in the collection of Glasgow Museums
Authors: Dalglish Katinka , Graham-Campbell James
Published: November 2018

A Viking Age or Late Norse gold finger-ring in Glasgow Museums (A.1979.19), previously thought to have been found in the Isle of Skye, is here identified with a ring said to have been found in the Isle of Jura in 1869 (together with another, now lost). This identification is based on an illustration published in 1875 by the ring’s then owner, the Rev Dr P H Waddell (1816–91). Waddell’s use of the ring as a piece of evidence in his attempts to prove the authenticity of James Macpherson’s Ossianic poems is discussed. The ring subsequently passed into the possession of the Austrian Countess Vincent Baillet de Latour (d 1942), who had developed an interest in the archaeology of Skye during her first marriage to Norman Macleod of Macleod (d 1895). Focusing on the ring as a collector’s possession, the paper takes a biographical approach, following its trajectory from antiquarian discovery to museum object.
Recent Advances in the Disinfection of Water Using Nanoscale Antimicrobial Materials
Authors: Miao Hui , Teng Zhenyuan , Wang Sicong , Xu Lanyi , Wang Chengyin , Chong Hui
Published: November 2018

The microbial contamination of water is highlighted as a global problem that threatens human life. Specifically, the lack of clean and safe water has resulted in a high number of deaths annually and thus poses a great challenge to humans. The traditional water purification methods typically consume high amounts of energy, exhibit low disinfection efficiency, and result in the production of toxic by‐products. Therefore, the development of methods for efficient water disinfection is of great significance. Nanomaterials have shown promising prospects in water disinfection due to their unique properties. Recent progress in the use of nanomaterials for water disinfection is summarized herein. The recently developed methods for the synthesis of antibacterial nanomaterials, including metallic nanoparticles, nanosized carbide and nitrides, are depicted, and the structures, morphologies, instincts, and performances of the nanomaterials in bactericidal tests are discussed. In addition, the antibacterial mechanisms and the dominant elements influencing the antimicrobial activities of the nanomaterials are reviewed in detail. Although recent years have shown remarkable progress in water disinfection using nanomaterials, the development of disinfection agents with improved nanoeffects and performance, low toxicity, increased cost efficiency, and easier operation remains urgent.
Exfoliated Triazine‐Based Covalent Organic Nanosheets with Multielectron Redox for High‐Performance Lithium Organic Batteries
Authors: Lei Zhendong , Chen Xiudong , Sun Weiwei , Zhang Yong , Wang Yong
Published: November 2018

The development of the next‐generation lithium ion battery requires environmental‐friendly electrode materials with long cycle life and high energy density. Organic compounds are a promising potential source of electrode materials for lithium ion batteries due to their advantages of chemical richness at the molecular level, cost benefit, and environmental friendliness, but they suffer from low capacity and dissatisfactory cycle life mainly due to hydrophobic dissolution in organic electrolytes and poor electronic conductivity. In this work, two types of triazine‐based covalent organic nanosheets (CONs) are exfoliated and composited with carbon nanotubes. The thin‐layered 2D structure for the exfoliated CONs can activate more functional groups for lithium storage and boost the utilization efficiency of redox sites compared to its bulk counterpart. Large reversible capacities of above 1000 mAh g−1 can be achieved after 250 cycles, which is comparable to high‐capacity inorganic electrodes. Moreover, the lithium‐storage mechanism is determined to be an intriguing 11 and 16 electron redox reaction, associated with the organic groups (unusual triazine ring, piperazine ring, and benzene ring, and common CN, NH groups).
Data‐driven distributionally robust optimization of shale gas supply chains under uncertainty
Authors: Gao Jiyao , Ning Chao , You Fengqi
Published: November 2018

This article aims to leverage the big data in shale gas industry for better decision making in optimal design and operations of shale gas supply chains under uncertainty. We propose a two‐stage distributionally robust optimization model, where uncertainties associated with both the upstream shale well estimated ultimate recovery and downstream market demand are simultaneously considered. In this model, decisions are classified into first‐stage design decisions, which are related to drilling schedule, pipeline installment, and processing plant construction, as well as second‐stage operational decisions associated with shale gas production, processing, transportation, and distribution. A data‐driven approach is applied to construct the ambiguity set based on principal component analysis and first‐order deviation functions. By taking advantage of affine decision rules, a tractable mixed‐integer linear programming formulation can be obtained. The applicability of the proposed modeling framework is demonstrated through a small‐scale illustrative example and a case study of Marcellus shale gas supply chain. Comparisons with alternative optimization models, including the deterministic and stochastic programming counterparts, are investigated as well. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 947–963, 2019
Use of High‐Frequency Data to Detect Household Leaks as Event Outliers
Authors: McCary John P. , Heaney James P.
Published: November 2018

This article presents the results of a prototype high‐frequency water use evaluation using 1 min data collected for three single‐family homes in Hillsborough County, Fla., over a period of one year. Automatic meter reading meter registers were used with short‐range wireless communication that allowed for ease of data collection by driving by and downloading the data from the meter registers. This analysis quantifies potential leaks by looking at outlier events in terms of intensity, duration, frequency, and volume. The homes have separate indoor and irrigation meters, which enables the analysis to compare outliers across indoor water use and irrigation separately. The term “aggregate event” is used because specific end uses (for example, showers) are not quantified. The aggregates of end‐use events are summarized over continuous durations to analyze the most significant leak events. The results are promising, and the techniques used in the study are currently being applied to a larger study area.
Outcomes of the Tryton‐dedicated bifurcation stent for the treatment of true coronary bifurcations: Individual‐patient‐data pooled analysis
Authors: Konigstein Maayan , Srdanovic Iva , Gore Ankita K. , Rahim Hussein M. , Généreux Philippe , Ben‐Yehuda Ori , Kumsars Indulis , Lesiak Maciej , Kini Annapoorna , Fontos Géza , Slagboom Ton , Ungi Imre , Christopher Metzger D. , Crowley Aaron , Leon Martin B. , Ali Ziad A.
Published: November 2018

Objectives

We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the dedicated Tryton side branch (SB) stent for the treatment of true bifurcations involving large SBs.

Background

Bifurcation lesions are associated with lower procedural success and a higher risk of adverse cardiac events. Provisional stenting (PS) is currently the default approach for the treatment of bifurcation lesions. The Tryton stent is a dedicated bifurcation stent system for the treatment of true bifurcation lesions.

Methods

We performed an individual‐patient‐data pooled post‐hoc analysis of the Tryton Pivotal randomized controlled trial and post‐approval Confirmatory Study. Only patients with true bifurcations involving a SB ≥ 2.25 mm in diameter were included. The primary endpoint was non‐inferiority of Tryton compared with PS for target vessel failure (TVF) at 1 year.

Results

Of the 411 patients meeting the criteria for enrolment, 287 patients were treated with the Tryton stent and 124 with PS. Procedural success was higher in the Tryton group (95.4 versus 82.3%, P < 0.0001). TVF at 1 year was 8.1% in the Tryton group and 9.7% in the PS group, meeting the pre‐specified criteria for non‐inferiority established for the randomized controlled trail (pnon‐inferiority = 0.02). At 9‐month angiographic follow‐up, SB diameter stenosis was significantly lower in the Tryton group (29.3 ± 21.9 versus 41.1 ± 17.5, P = 0.0008) and in‐segment binary restenosis (diameter stenosis ≥ 50%) was higher in the PS group (19.0 versus 34.2%, respectively, P = 0.052).

Conclusions

In patients with true bifurcations involving a large SB, treatment with the Tryton SD Stent was clinically non‐inferior to PS and showed favorable angiographic outcomes.
The effect of periprocedural beta blocker withdrawal on arrhythmic risk following transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Younis Arwa , Orvin Katia , Nof Eyal , Barabash Israel M. , Segev Amit , Berkovitch Anat , Guetta Victor , Assali Abid , Kornowski Ran , Beinart Roy
Published: November 2018

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of periprocedural beta‐blocker (BB) discontinuation among patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and high degree atrioventricular block (HD‐AVB) and/or atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods

The study population comprised 743 consecutive patients who underwent TAVR between 2009 and 2017 in two high‐volume tertiary centers. All patients received chronic BB therapy, and were divided into two groups: (1) BB continuation and (2) BB discontinued 24 hr prior to the procedure. The primary endpoint was the development of composite brady and tachy‐arrhytmic events (including HD‐AVB and/or NOAF) following the procedure.

Results

Among 743 study patients, 366 (49%) continued BB prior to the procedure and in 377 (51%) chronic BB therapy was discontinued. The rate of the composite periprocedural arrhythmic event was significantly higher among patients who stopped BB (20% vs. 13%, respectively, P = 0.018). Consistently, multivariate analysis showed that discontinuation of BB was associated with two‐fold (P = 0.003) increase in the risk for periprocedural arrhythmic events (OR = 2.0; 95% CI 1.24–3.23; P = 0.004). The association between BB discontinuation and periprocedural arrhythmic events was consistent for the separate endpoints for HDAV and NOAF. Furthermore, the need for permanent pacemaker was significantly higher among patients who discontinued BB (20% vs. 13%; P = 0.018, respectively).

Conclusions

Among patients undergoing TAVR who receive chronic BB therapy, BB discontinuation prior to the procedure is independently associated with a significant increase in the rate of adverse arrhythmic events, including HDAVB, NOAF, and the need for pacemaker implantation.
Micromixing efficiency in a multiphase reactor with a foam block stirrer
Authors: Yang Yu‐Cheng , Yu Xiao‐Hui , Yu Qing‐Jie , Yang Shi‐Ying , Arowo Moses
Published: November 2018

A rotating foam reactor (RFR), which comprises a solid foam block stirrer as opposed to the agitator blade in stirred tanks, has recently received a significant amount of research interest due to its high mass transfer rates. For a deeper insight into the RFR the work herein investigated the micromixing efficiency of the RFR in terms of segregation index (Xs) using the iodide‐iodate reaction system. The effects of various operating parameters including injection time, rotational speed, acid concentration, volume of liquid, volumetric ratio, and gas flow rate on segregation index were systematically examined. Results showed that the segregation index remained constant when injection time exceeded 100 s. Moreover, the Xs increased with an increase in acid concentration but decreased with an increase in rotational speed, volume of liquid, volumetric ratio, and gas flow rate. Micromixing time was also calculated based on the incorporation model and was established to range from 1.1 × 10−3–4.5 × 10−2 s, which is much shorter than that of conventional reactors. The results herein demonstrate that an RFR exhibits excellent micromixing efficiency and has a significant potential for use in chemical industries.
Deconvolution of Point Sources: A Sampling Theorem and Robustness Guarantees
Authors: Bernstein Brett , Fernandez‐Granda Carlos
Published: November 2018

In this work we analyze a convex‐programming method for estimating superpositions of point sources or spikes from nonuniform samples of their convolution with a known kernel. We consider a one‐dimensional model where the kernel is either a Gaussian function or a Ricker wavelet, inspired by applications in geophysics and imaging. Our analysis establishes that minimizing a continuous counterpart of the ℓ1‐norm achieves exact recovery of the original spikes as long as (1) the signal support satisfies a minimum‐separation condition and (2) there are at least two samples close to every spike. In addition, we derive theoretical guarantees on the robustness of the approach to both dense and sparse additive noise. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of Key Residues in Proteins Through Centrality Analysis and Flexibility Prediction with RINspector
Authors: Brysbaert Guillaume , Mauri Théo , de Ruyck Jérôme , Lensink Marc F.
Published: November 2018

Protein structures inherently contain information that can be used to decipher their functions, but the exploitation of this knowledge is not trivial. We recently developed an app for the Cytoscape network visualization and analysis program, called RINspector, the goal of which is to integrate two different approaches that identify key residues in a protein structure or complex. The first approach consists of calculating centralities on a residue interaction network (RIN) generated from the three‐dimensional structure; the second consists of predicting backbone flexibility and needs only the primary sequence. The identified residues are highly correlated with functional relevance and constitute a good set of targets for mutagenesis experiments. Here we present a protocol that details in a step‐by‐step fashion how to create a RIN from a structure and then calculate centralities and predict flexibilities. We also discuss how to understand and use the results of the analyses. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
In‐Cell NMR Spectroscopy of Nucleic Acids in Human Cells
Authors: Viskova Pavlina , Krafcik Daniel , Trantirek Lukas , Foldynova‐Trantirkova Silvie
Published: November 2018

In‐cell NMR spectroscopy is a unique tool that enables the study of the structure and dynamics of biomolecules as well as their interactions in the complex environment of living cells at near‐to‐atomic resolution. In this article, detailed instructions are described for setting up an in‐cell NMR experiment for monitoring structures of DNA oligonucleotides introduced into nuclei of living human cells via tailored electroporation. Detailed step‐by‐step protocols for both the preparation of an in‐cell NMR sample as well as protocols for conducting essential control experiments including flow cytometry and confocal microscopy are described. The strengths and limitations of in‐cell NMR experiments are discussed. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A cancer of undetermined significance: Incidental thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Evranos Berna , Polat Sefika Burcak , Cuhaci Fatma Neslihan , Baser Husniye , Topaloglu Oya , Kilicarslan Aydan , Kilic Mehmet , Ersoy Reyhan , Cakir Bekir
Published: November 2018

Introduction

The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing which can be attributed in part to improved ultrasonography (US) methods and increased detection of incidental thyroid carcinomas (ITC). We aimed to compare ITC with nonincidental thyroid carcinomas (NITC) in this study.

Methods

Retrospective analyses of 906 individual patients who were operated for benign and malignant thyroid disease and had a final histopathological diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma were enrolled in this study. Preoperative US examination and fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy results were evaluated. The tumor foci in thyroidectomy specimens that were not represented in preoperative US or FNA reports were classified as ITC. The tumor foci that match with the lesions defined in US or FNA results were classified as NITC.

Results

Final histology revealed ITC in 326 patients (36%) and NITC in 580 patients (64% Mean age was 51.7 ± 11.11 in ITC group and 48.15 ± 13.1 in NITC group (P < .001). In NITC group 322 (55.5%) of the patients were operated for suspicious cytology while only 29 (8.9%) of the patients in the ITC group were operated because of this indication (P < .001). There were 1301 cancer foci in histopathology specimens. Among all these cancer foci, 434 (33.3%) were detected incidentally and 867 (66.7%) were detected non‐incidentally. About 779 (89.9%) of nonincidental cancer foci were papillary cancer (PTC), while all of the incidental cancer foci were PTC. Mean size was 13 mm in NITC group and it was 3 mm in the ITC group and differed significantly between the groups (P < .001). Tumor size was ≤1 cm in 35.2% of the patients with NITC while 98.5% of patients with ITC had tumor ≤1 cm. The occurrence of multinodularity was higher in ITC than the NITC group (P < 001). Median TSH level was higher in patients with NITC than ITC while both were in the reference range (1.53 vs 1.03 μIU/mL, P < .001). The frequency of thyroiditis detected by US, and thyroid peroxidase antibody and thyroglobulin antibody positivities were similar in patients with ITC and NITC (P = .2, P = .86, and P = .26, respectively). The frequencies of capsular invasion (29.1% vs 7.9%), extrathyroidal extension (13% vs 4.2%), multifocality (35.8% vs 24.2%), non‐complete resection (9.2% vs 1.8%), and lymph node metastasis (9.5% vs 1.8%) were significantly higher in the NITC group (P < .001, for each). Persistent/recurrent disease in patients with NITC was more frequent than patients with ITC (P = .004). This outcome was similar for cancers measuring ≤1 cm (P = .001).

Conclusion

ITC is often encountered in older patients and frequently determined in early stages with more favorable histopathological features and better prognosis.