bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of the unfavorable outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with alteplase, a multi-center randomized trial
Authors: Zeinhom Mohamed G. , Khalil Mohamed Fouad Elsayed , Kamel Islam Fathallah Mohamed , Kohail Ahmed Mohamed , Ahmed Sherihan Rezk , Elbassiouny Ahmed , Shuaib Ashfaq , Al-Nozha Omar M
Published: March 2024

Worldwide, stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability in adults. Alteplase is the only approved treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and results in an improvement in a third of treated patients. We evaluated the post-stroke unfavourable outcome predictors in alteplase-treated patients from Egypt and Saudi Arabia. We assessed the effect of different risk factors on AIS outcomes after alteplase in Egypt and Saudi Arabia. Our study included 592 AIS alteplase-treated patients. The relationship between risk factors, clinical presentation, and imaging features was evaluated to predict factors associated with poor outcomes. An mRS score of three or more was used to define poor outcomes. Poor outcome was seen in 136 patients (23%), and Patients with unfavourable effects had significantly higher admission hyperglycaemia, a higher percentage of diabetes mellitus, cardioembolic stroke, and a lower percentage of small vessel stroke. Patients with higher baseline NIHSS score (OR 1.39; 95% CI 1.12–1.71; P = 0.003), admission hyperglycaemia (OR 13.12; 95% CI 3.37–51.1; P < 0.001), and post-alteplase intracerebral haemorrhage (OR 7.41; 95% CI 1.69–32.43; P = 0.008) independently predicted unfavourable outcomes at three months. In AIS patients treated with alteplase, similar to reports from other regions, in patients from Egypt and Saudi Arabia also reveal that higher NIHSS, higher serum blood sugar, and post-alteplase intracerebral haemorrhage were the predictors of unfavourable outcomes three months after ischemic stroke.

Trial registration: (clinicaltrials.gov NCT06058884), retrospectively registered on 28/09/2023.
Dual-energy computed tomography and micro-computed tomography for assessing bone regeneration in a rabbit tibia model
Authors: Su Danyang , Wu Yan , Yang Shenyu , Ma Duoshan , Zhang Haoran , Ma Yuanbo , Liu Jinlong , Wang Chunyu , Liu Huilong , Yang Xiaopeng
Published: March 2024

To gain a more meaningful understanding of bone regeneration, it is essential to select an appropriate assessment method. Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) is widely used for bone regeneration because it provides a substantially higher spatial resolution. Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) ensure shorter scan time and lower radiation doses during quantitative evaluation. Therefore, in this study, DECT and Micro-CT were used to evaluate bone regeneration. We created 18 defects in the tibial plateau of the rabbits and filled them with porous polyetheretherketone implants to promote bone regeneration. At 4, 8, and 12 weeks, Micro-CT and DECT were used to assess the bone repair in the defect region. In comparison to Micro-CT (152 ± 54 mg/cm3), the calcium density values and hydroxyapatite density values obtained by DECT [DECT(Ca) and DECT(HAP)] consistently achieved lower values (59 ± 25 mg/cm3, 126 ± 53 mg/cm3). In addition, there was a good association between DECT and Micro-CT (R = 0.98; R2 = 0.96; DECT(Ca): y = 0.45x–8.31; DECT(HAP): y = 0.95x–17.60). This study highlights the need to use two different imaging methods, each with its advantages and disadvantages, to better understand the bone regeneration process.
Investigating the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder among Jordanian adults with dermatologic and cosmetic concerns: a case–control study
Authors: Murshidi Rand , Hammouri Muhammad , Al-Ani Abdallah , Kitaneh Razi , Al-Soleiti Majd , Al Ta’ani Zain , Sweis Sami , Halasa Zeina , Fashho Eva , Arafah Malak , Almaani Noor , Abdallat Mahmoud , Al-Dar’awi Faten , Kittaneh Eman , Jaber Besan , Almudallal Farah , Smadi Zina
Published: March 2024

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is an underexplored psychiatric condition in Middle Eastern countries, particularly in patients with dermatologic concerns, where alterations in appearance may elevate the risk of BDD. We studied patients at Jordan University Hospital's general dermatology and cosmetic clinics from July to September 2022, comparing them to healthy controls. Patients with dermatologic conditions were evaluated per the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) criteria by trained dermatologists. All participants completed the Dysmorphic Concerns Questionnaire (DCQ), Perceived Stress Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-2, General Anxiety Disorder Assessment tool-2. We assessed BDD prevalence using four DCQ cutoffs: 9, 11, 14, and 17, reporting effect sizes as odds ratios (OR). Our study involved 1500 participants, with an average age of 29.3 (± 14.8) years and a female-to-male ratio of 3.15-to-1. At the 9, 11, 14, and 17 DCQ cutoffs, BDD prevalence was 78.2%, 54.2%, 26.5%, and 11.7%, respectively. Patients with dermatologic concerns were more likely to exhibit clinical BDD symptoms than controls at the 11-cutoff (OR: 1.26; 95% CI 1.01–1.58; p < 0.05). Conversely, those with cosmetic concerns were more prone to clinical BDD than controls at cutoffs 9 (OR: 2.26; 95% CI 1.28–3.97; p < 0.05) and 11 (OR: 1.50; 95% CI 1.03–2.20; p < 0.05). Our logistic regression revealed consistent associations between higher DCQ scores and elevated anxiety, depression, perceived skin disease-related stigma, and reduced quality of life (p < 0.05). In conclusion, patients with dermatologic issues and those seeking cosmetic procedures are at significant risk of developing BDD, necessitating proactive screening and referrals for specialized care by dermatologists due to the associated psychological distress and unproductive consultations. Providing specialized training for healthcare professionals to establish an integrated care approach to address the needs of patients with BDD should be the focus of future research projects.
Effect of biological sewage sludge and its derived biochar on accumulation of potentially toxic elements by corn (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Namdari Maryam , Soleimani Mohsen , Mirghaffari Nourollah , Kharrazi Seyyedeh Maryam
Published: March 2024

The land application of sewage sludge can cause different environmental problems due to the high content of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). The objective of this study was to compare the effect of urban biological sewage sludge (i.e. the waste of activated sludge process) and its derived biochar as the soil amendments on the bioavailability of PTEs and their bioaccumulation by corn (Zea maysL.) under two months of greenhouse conditions. The soil was treated by adding biochar samples at 0 (control), 1, 3, 5% w/w. The diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable concentrations of PTEs including Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Fe, and Cu in soil and their accumulation by plant shoot and root were measured. Conversion of the biological sewage sludge into the biochar led to decrease the PTEs bioavailability and consequently decreased their contents in plant tissues. The DTPA extractable metal concentrations of produced biochar in comparison to the biological sewage sludge reduced 75% (Cd), 65% (Cr), 79% (Ni and Pb), 76% (Zn), 91% (Cu) and 88% (Fe). Therefore, the content of Ni, Fe, Zn and Cd in corn shoot was decreased 61, 32, 18 and 17% respectively in application of 5% biochar than of raw sewage sludge. Furthermore, the application of 5% biochar enhanced the physiological parameters of the plants including shoot dry weight (twice) and wet weight (2.25 times), stem diameter (1.70 times), chlorophyll content (1.03 times) in comparison to using 5% raw sewage sludge. The results of the study highlight that application of the biochar derived from urban biological sewage sludge in soil could decrease the risk of PTEs to the plant.
Decoding gene regulatory circuitry underlying TNBC chemoresistance reveals biomarkers for therapy response and therapeutic targets
Authors: Lusby Ryan , Zhang Ziyi , Mahesh Arun , Tiwari Vijay K.
Published: March 2024

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype characterised by extensive intratumoral heterogeneity, high rates of metastasis and chemoresistance, leading to poor clinical outcomes. Despite progress, the mechanistic basis of chemotherapy resistance in TNBC patients remains poorly understood. Here, leveraging single-cell transcriptome datasets of matched longitudinal TNBC chemoresponsive and chemoresistant patient cohorts, we unravel distinct cell subpopulations intricately associated with chemoresistance and the signature genes defining these populations. Notably, using genome-wide mapping of the H3K27ac mark, we show that the expression of these chemoresistance genes is driven via a set of TNBC super-enhancers and associated transcription factor networks across TNBC subtypes. Furthermore, genetic screens reveal that a subset of these transcription factors is essential for the survival of TNBC cells, and their loss increases sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. Overall, our study has revealed epigenetic and transcription factor networks underlying chemoresistance and suggests novel avenues to stratify and improve the treatment of patients with a high risk of developing resistance.
Predicting droplet detachment force: Young-Dupré Model Fails, Young-Laplace Model Prevails
Authors: Sadullah Muhammad Subkhi , Xu Yinfeng , Arunachalam Sankara , Mishra Himanshu
Published: March 2024

Liquid droplets hanging from solid surfaces are commonplace, but their physics is complex. Examples include dew or raindrops hanging onto wires or droplets accumulating onto a cover placed over warm food or windshields. In these scenarios, determining the force of detachment is crucial to rationally design technologies. Despite much research, a quantitative theoretical framework for detachment force remains elusive. In response, we interrogated the elemental droplet–surface system via comprehensive laboratory and computational experiments. The results reveal that the Young–Laplace equation can be utilized to accurately predict the droplet detachment force. When challenged against experiments with liquids of varying properties and droplet sizes, detaching from smooth and microtextured surfaces of wetting and non-wetting chemical make-ups, the predictions were in an excellent quantitative agreement. This study advances the current understanding of droplet physics and will contribute to the rational development of technologies.
Variational Monte Carlo with large patched transformers
Authors: Sprague Kyle , Czischek Stefanie
Published: March 2024

Large language models, like transformers, have recently demonstrated immense powers in text and image generation. This success is driven by the ability to capture long-range correlations between elements in a sequence. The same feature makes the transformer a powerful wavefunction ansatz that addresses the challenge of describing correlations in simulations of qubit systems. Here we consider two-dimensional Rydberg atom arrays to demonstrate that transformers reach higher accuracies than conventional recurrent neural networks for variational ground state searches. We further introduce large, patched transformer models, which consider a sequence of large atom patches, and show that this architecture significantly accelerates the simulations. The proposed architectures reconstruct ground states with accuracies beyond state-of-the-art quantum Monte Carlo methods, allowing for the study of large Rydberg systems in different phases of matter and at phase transitions. Our high-accuracy ground state representations at reasonable computational costs promise new insights into general large-scale quantum many-body systems.
ATR limits Rad18-mediated PCNA monoubiquitination to preserve replication fork and telomerase-independent telomere stability
Authors: Chen Siyuan , Pan Chen , Huang Jun , Liu Ting
Published: March 2024

Upon replication fork stalling, the RPA-coated single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) formed behind the fork activates the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase, concomitantly initiating Rad18-dependent monoubiquitination of PCNA. However, whether crosstalk exists between these two events and the underlying physiological implications of this interplay remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that during replication stress, ATR phosphorylates human Rad18 at Ser403, an adjacent residue to a previously unidentified PIP motif (PCNA-interacting peptide) within Rad18. This phosphorylation event disrupts the interaction between Rad18 and PCNA, thereby restricting the extent of Rad18-mediated PCNA monoubiquitination. Consequently, excessive accumulation of the tumor suppressor protein SLX4, now characterized as a novel reader of ubiquitinated PCNA, at stalled forks is prevented, contributing to the prevention of stalled fork collapse. We further establish that ATR preserves telomere stability in alternative lengthening of telomere (ALT) cells by restricting Rad18-mediated PCNA monoubiquitination and excessive SLX4 accumulation at telomeres. These findings shed light on the complex interplay between ATR activation, Rad18-dependent PCNA monoubiquitination, and SLX4-associated stalled fork processing, emphasizing the critical role of ATR in preserving replication fork stability and facilitating telomerase-independent telomere maintenance.
The TAM, a Translocation and Assembly Module for protein assembly and potential conduit for phospholipid transfer
Authors: Goh Kwok Jian , Stubenrauch Christopher J , Lithgow Trevor
Published: March 2024

The assembly of β-barrel proteins into the bacterial outer membrane is an essential process enabling the colonization of new environmental niches. The TAM was discovered as a module of the β-barrel protein assembly machinery; it is a heterodimeric complex composed of an outer membrane protein (TamA) bound to an inner membrane protein (TamB). The TAM spans the periplasm, providing a scaffold through the peptidoglycan layer and catalyzing the translocation and assembly of β-barrel proteins into the outer membrane. Recently, studies on another membrane protein (YhdP) have suggested that TamB might play a role in phospholipid transport to the outer membrane. Here we review and re-evaluate the literature covering the experimental studies on the TAM over the past decade, to reconcile what appear to be conflicting claims on the function of the TAM.
Organotypic culture of human brain explants as a preclinical model for AI-driven antiviral studies
Authors: Partiot Emma , Gorda Barbara , Lutz Willy , Lebrun Solène , Khalfi Pierre , Mora Stéphan , Charlot Benoit , Majzoub Karim , Desagher Solange , Ganesh Gowrishankar , Colomb Sophie , Gaudin Raphael
Published: March 2024

Viral neuroinfections represent a major health burden for which the development of antivirals is needed. Antiviral compounds that target the consequences of a brain infection (symptomatic treatment) rather than the cause (direct-acting antivirals) constitute a promising mitigation strategy that requires to be investigated in relevant models. However, physiological surrogates mimicking an adult human cortex are lacking, limiting our understanding of the mechanisms associated with viro-induced neurological disorders. Here, we optimized the Organotypic culture of Post-mortem Adult human cortical Brain explants (OPAB) as a preclinical platform for Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven antiviral studies. OPAB shows robust viability over weeks, well-preserved 3D cytoarchitecture, viral permissiveness, and spontaneous local field potential (LFP). Using LFP as a surrogate for neurohealth, we developed a machine learning framework to predict with high confidence the infection status of OPAB. As a proof-of-concept, we showed that antiviral-treated OPAB could partially restore LFP-based electrical activity of infected OPAB in a donor-dependent manner. Together, we propose OPAB as a physiologically relevant and versatile model to study neuroinfections and beyond, providing a platform for preclinical drug discovery.
Cytosolic DNA sensors in neurodegenerative diseases: from physiological defenders to pathological culprits
Authors: Xie Jiatian , Cheng Jinping , Ko Ho , Tang Yamei
Published: March 2024

Cytosolic DNA sensors are a group of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that vary in structures, molecular mechanisms, and origins but share a common function to detect intracellular microbial DNA and trigger the innate immune response like type 1 interferon production and autophagy. Cytosolic DNA sensors have been proven as indispensable defenders against the invasion of many pathogens; however, growing evidence shows that self-DNA misplacement to cytoplasm also frequently occurs in non-infectious circumstances. Accumulation of cytosolic DNA causes improper activation of cytosolic DNA sensors and triggers an abnormal autoimmune response, that significantly promotes pathological progression. Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of neurological disorders characterized by neuron loss and still lack effective treatments due to a limited understanding of pathogenesis. But current research has found a solid relationship between neurodegenerative diseases and cytosolic DNA sensing pathways. This review summarizes profiles of several major cytosolic DNA sensors and their common adaptor protein STING. It also discusses both the beneficial and detrimental roles of cytosolic DNA sensors in the genesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
Electronic structures and quantum capacitance of twisted bilayer graphene with defects based on three-band tight-binding model
Authors: Xin Baojuan , Zou Kaixin , Liu Dayong , Li Boyan , Dong Hong , Cheng Yahui , Liu Hui , Zou Liang-Jian , Luo Feng , Lu Feng , Wang Wei-Hua
Published: March 2024

The three-band tight-binding model could well describe the low-energy physics of tBLG with C vacancies, offering theoretical insight and guidance for manipulating the electronic structures and quantum capacitance in tBLG with C vacancies.
Effect of trimethylamine-N-oxide on the phase separation of aqueous polyethylene glycol-600-Dextran-75 two-phase systems
Authors: Titus Amber R. , Herron Patrick , Streletzky Kiril A. , Madeira Pedro P. , Uversky Vladimir N. , Zaslavsky Boris Y.
Published: March 2024

Trimethylamine-N-oxide enhances or suppresses phase separation in aqueous two-phase systems depending on the composition and concentration of phase forming components.
Three-body interaction of gold nanoparticles: the role of solvent density and ligand shell orientation
Authors: Yadav Hari O. S.
Published: March 2024

The three-body effect in gold nanoparticle interactions is characterized as a function of solvent density. The study provides many interesting results, which can be useful in understanding solvent-evaporation induced self-assembly of nanoparticles.
Progress and perspectives on iron-based electrode materials for alkali metal-ion batteries: a critical review
Authors: Li Junzhe , Wang Chao , Wang Rui , Zhang Chaofeng , Li Guanjie , Davey Kenneth , Zhang Shilin , Guo Zaiping
Published: March 2024

This review critically evaluates recent advances in iron-based electrode materials and applications in alkali metal ion batteries, covering chemical synthesis, structural design, and modification strategies, with insights into future directions.
Enabling a bioinspired N,N,N-copper coordination motif through spatial control in UiO-67: synthesis and reactivity
Authors: Gerz Isabelle , Aunan Erlend S. , Finelli Valeria , Abu Rasheed Mouhammad , Deplano Gabriele , Cortez S. P. Rafael , Schmidtke Inga L. , Wragg David S. , Signorile Matteo , Hylland Knut T. , Borfecchia Elisa , Lillerud Karl Petter , Bordiga Silvia , Olsbye Unni , Amedjkouh Mohamed
Published: March 2024

The incorporation of a novel N,N,N-linker into UiO-67 permits it to coordinate copper in an otherwise unattainable way.
Hydrophobic functionalization of a metal–organic framework as an ammonia visual sensing material under high humidity conditions
Authors: Wang Yuxin , Song Zhengxuan , Liu Yutao , Chen Yang , Li Jinping , Li Libo , Yao Jia
Published: March 2024

CH3-Cu(BDC) shows excellent performance for ammonia detection under high humidity conditions and enables the quantitative detection of ammonia in exhaled breath.
Effects of fuel composition and vehicle operating temperature on in vitro toxicity of exhaust emissions
Authors: Hakkarainen Henri , Järvinen Anssi , Lepistö Teemu , Kuittinen Niina , Markkula Lassi , Ihantola Tuukka , Yang Mo , Martikainen Maria-Viola , Mikkonen Santtu , Timonen Hilkka , Aurela Minna , Barreira Luis , Ihalainen Mika , Saarikoski Sanna , Rönkkö Topi , Aakko-Saksa Päivi , Jalava Pasi
Published: March 2024

The study evaluates the impact of after-treatment systems, aromatic fuel content, and cold operating temperature on exhaust emission toxicity from vehicles complying with the Euro 6d emission regulation.
Calcination-induced enhancement of Cd2+ and Pb2+ electrochemical detection capabilities of nano-ag-supported CoZn bi-metal ZIFs
Authors: Wang Siyan , Zhao Yangcan , Xia Chengkai , Zhu Wantong , Hou Ying , Zeng Xiangpeng , Xu Hongyan
Published: March 2024

The electrochemical properties of CoZn bi-metal ZIF were improved by calcination at high temperature. Ag@ZIF-1000 exhibited the best detection capabilities for Cd2+ and Pb2+ with a low limit of detection and high sensitivity.
Construction of a tunable pyrylium based porous ionic polymer network for efficient waterborne pollutant treatment
Authors: Zhu Xueye , Han Jiayu , Chen Zhiwei , Shi Zheng , Zhang Jiamin , Guo Siyu
Published: March 2024

Porous ionic polymers (PIPs) hold significant promise as materials for water purification due to their high specific surface area, adjustable pore structures, and ionic pore channels.
Comparative environmental assessment of zeolites synthesized from chemicals and natural minerals
Authors: Chen Xiaoling , Xiao Guoxi , Li Tiesen , Wang Chan , Cui Qingyan , Bao Xiaojun , Yue Yuanyuan
Published: March 2024

Life cycle assessment and green metrics were used to comparatively assess the synthesis of zeolites from natural minerals and chemicals in which the former exhibits a better balance between efficiency and environmental impacts than the latter.
[3 + 2] radical sulfuration of alkenes by organic photocatalysis
Authors: Yang Na , Duan Gefei , Zhu Yunbo
Published: March 2024

A new model involving radicals for formation of C–S bonds enables the direct [3 + 2] radical sulfuration reaction of alkenes using CS2. This study has provided a new method for constructing complex sulfur-containing molecules.
High-throughput 3D microfluidic chip for generation of concentration gradients and mixture combinations
Authors: Zhao Mingwei , Yang Jing , Li Zhenqing , Zeng Yuan , Tao Chunxian , Dai Bo , Zhang Dawei , Yamaguchi Yoshinori
Published: March 2024

Concentration gradient generation and mixed combinations of multiple solutions are of great value in the field of biomedical research.
Effect of polymer concentration on the morphology of the PHPMAA-g-PLA graft copolymer nanoparticles produced by microfluidics nanoprecipitation
Authors: Petrova Svetlana Lukáš , Pavlova Ewa , Pokorný Václav , Sincari Vladimir
Published: March 2024

Product diagram shows micelles, vesicles, and/or worms at various PHPMAA-g-PLA polymer concentrations. Consistent flow velocity ratios in a microfluidic channel enable successful generation.
Humic acid-based biomass-derived magnetic nanocomposites modified by a deep eutectic solvent for the efficient adsorption of trypsin
Authors: Chen Jing , Li Heqiong , Wang Yuzhi
Published: March 2024

Application of DES-modified humic acid-based biomass-derived magnetic nanocomposites for the MSPE of Tryp.
Theoretical insights into the photovoltaic properties of ruthenium(ii) bipyridyl photosensitizers through variation of the anchoring groups
Authors: Samiee Sepideh , Ahmadi Manesh Mohadese
Published: March 2024

In this work, eleven Ru(ii) dyes have been theoretically designed by substitution of different anchoring groups as the photovoltaic materials.
Nanomedicine as a multimodal therapeutic paradigm against cancer: on the way forward in advancing precision therapy
Authors: Sandbhor Puja , Palkar Pranoti , Bhat Sakshi , John Geofrey , Goda Jayant S.
Published: March 2024

Graphical representation of recent advancements in combinatorial anticancer treatment modalities.
Recent advances in spirocyclization of maleimides via transition-metal catalyzed C–H activation
Authors: Acharya Swadhin Swaraj , Patra Sagarika , Maharana Rojalini , Dash Manaswini , Barad Liza Mama , Parida Bibhuti Bhusan
Published: March 2024

In recent years, the maleimide scaffold has received a great deal of attention in C–H activation.
The status and challenging perspectives of 3D-printed micro-batteries
Authors: Ma Jiaxin , Zheng Shuanghao , Fu Yinghua , Wang Xiao , Qin Jieqiong , Wu Zhong-Shuai
Published: March 2024

Recent advances and present status of 3D-printed micro-batteries with respect to the connection between printable materials and printing techniques, as well as the rational design considerations are summarized.
Effect of salt selection and molar ratio in molten salt synthesis of single-crystalline LiNiO2
Authors: van den Bergh Wessel , Yao Rui , Zhang Ruizhuo , Kondrakov Aleksandr , Janek Jürgen , Brezesinski Torsten
Published: March 2024

Using experimental design, select molten salt conditions, which can produce well-ordered single-crystalline LiNiO2 particles, are modeled. This provides a synthetic guideline to future developments of molten-salt-derived single crystal NCMs.
Mechanism of isosymmetric polar order–disorder phase transition in pyroelectric [CH3CH2NH3]2NaGa(HCOO)6 double perovskite
Authors: Ptak Maciej , Kabański Adam , Dziuk Błażej , Balciunas Sergejus , Usevicius Gediminas , Zaręba Jan K. , Banys Juras , Simenas Mantas , Sieradzki Adam , Stefańska Dagmara
Published: March 2024

Recently, hybrid double-perovskite structures have attracted attention due to their versatile multifunctional properties originating from the variety of different constituent units in these materials.
Recent advances in shape memory polymeric nanocomposites for biomedical applications and beyond
Authors: Zheng Yifan , Du Yudi , Chen Ling , Mao Wei , Pu Yuan , Wang Steven , Wang Dan
Published: March 2024

Shape memory polymers (SMPs), which initiate shape transformation in response to environmental stimuli, have attracted significant attention in both academic research and technological innovation.
In situ reconstruction of self-supported NiFeP electrodes for overall water splitting at large current density
Authors: Li Ang , Song Dongcai , Cao Runjie , Wang Fangzheng , Yan Hua , Chen Hongmei
Published: March 2024

In this study, self-supported NiFeP was fabricated on Ni mesh (NiFeP/NM) via a two-step monopulse electrodeposition and phosphorization strategy.
Au-allenylidene promoted decarboxylative annulation to access unsaturated γ-lactams/lactones
Authors: Duan Xuelun , Shi Haotian , Yue Yangyang , Song Wangze
Published: March 2024

The unique Au-allenylidene promoted decarboxylative intramolecular α-attacking annulation has been disclosed to prepare unsaturated γ-lactams/lactones from unsaturated cyclic ethynylethylene carbamates/carbonates.
Initial decomposition pathways of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (α-FOX-7) in the condensed phase
Authors: Yadav Komal , Luo Yuheng , Kaiser Ralf I. , Sun Rui
Published: March 2024

The initial decomposition pathways of α-FOX-7 in the condensed phase (crystal) were investigated via density functional theory.
Metallofullerenes as potential candidates for the explanation of astrophysical phenomena
Authors: Barzaga Ransel , Hou Gao-Lei
Published: March 2024

Metallofullerenes, either endo- or exo-hedral, could be potential candidates to explain several astrophysical phenomena, including unidentified infrared emission bands and diffuse interstellar bands.
Iridium(iii)-based minor groove binding complexes as DNA photocleavage agents
Authors: Aderinto Stephen O. , John Torsten , Onawole Abdulmujeeb , Galleh Raphael Peter , Thomas Jim A.
Published: March 2024

Transition metal complexes containing the qtpy ligand with high-energy excited states are reported. Binding studies with duplex and quadruplex DNA showed a preference for the Ir(iii) complexes as groove binders to DNA structures.
Rational design of anti-freezing electrolyte concentrations via freeze concentration process
Authors: Jiang Liwei , Hu Yuan-Chao , Ai Fei , Liang Zhuojian , Lu Yi-Chun
Published: March 2024

Electrolyte concentration is crucial for low-temperature aqueous batteries (LTABs) as it directly dictates electrolyte freezing point.
Visible light-driven C–H arylation of heteroarenes with aryl diazonium salts in water catalyzed by a Z-scheme CuInS2/K-C3N4 heterojunction
Authors: Liu Qian-Hui , Kang Shi-Long , Cui Zhen-Shui , Liu Yu-Heng , Zhang Mo , Zhang Zhan-Hui
Published: March 2024

Z-scheme CuInS2/K-C3N4 heterojunction has been designed and confirmed as efficient heterogeneous photocatalyst for arylation of heteroarenes with aryl diazonium salts in water under visible light irradiation to give arylated heteroarenes in high yields.
Ionic liquids as a shuttle for releasing and capturing hydrogen chloride: a new way to utilize waste HCl generated in organic reactions
Authors: Kong Fanzeng , Li Minghao , Bai Rongxian , Gu Yanlong
Published: March 2024

An ionic liquid, 1-[1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-oxopropyl]-3-methylimidazolium chloride, was used as a shuttle to release and capture hydrogen chloride, enabling waste HCl to be used in organic reactions.
In situ hierarchical self-assembly of NiFeHCF nanoparticles on nickel foam: highly active and ultra-stable bifunctional electrocatalysts for water splitting and their environmental assessment towards green energy
Authors: Gayathri Arunagiri , Ashok Venkatachalam , Sangamithirai Muthukumaran , Jayabharathi Jayaraman , Thanikachalam Venugopal
Published: March 2024

To obtain high catalytic activity and stability for commercial green hydrogen generation without requiring extra energy, NiFeHCF@NF was synthesized using a unique all-in-one approach.
Unleashing naphthopyranopyrimidine's anticancer potential: a deep eutectic solvent (DES) study
Authors: Das Arindam , Dey Sovan , Yadav Ram Naresh , Dutta Prajna , Dhiman Shubham , Boruah Palash Jyoti , Sarkar Koushik , Sahu Abhishek , Jana Anupam , Paul Amit Kumar , Hossain Md. Firoj
Published: March 2024

This study unveils a novel eco-friendly synthesis of naphthopyranopyrimidines using DES. These compounds exhibit promising antiproliferative activity against HepG2 and MCF7 cell lines, as evidenced by IC50 assays. Docking studies shed light on their potential as therapeutic agents.
NiFeLDH/Mo4/3B2−xTz/NF composite electrodes to enhance oxygen evolution performance
Authors: Xu Lulu , Yang Peng , Ye Ruilong , Wu Xingcai , Tao Yourong
Published: March 2024

By the introduction of Mo4/3B2−xTz nanosheets, NiFeLDH/Mo4/3B2−xTz/NF (nickel foam) shows an improved OER performance compared with NiFeLDH/NF owing to the rich active sites and excellent conductivity of Mo4/3B2−xTz.
Loss of FoxO1 activates an alternate mechanism of mitochondrial quality control for healthy adipose browning
Authors: Shi Limin , Yang Jinying , Tao Zhipeng , Zheng Louise , Bui Tyler F. , Alonso Ramon L. , Yue Feng , Cheng Zhiyong
Published: March 2024

Browning of white adipose tissue is hallmarked by increased mitochondrial density and metabolic improvements. However, it remains largely unknown how mitochondrial turnover and quality control are regulated during adipose browning. In the present study, we found that mice lacking adipocyte FoxO1, a transcription factor that regulates autophagy, adopted an alternate mechanism of mitophagy to maintain mitochondrial turnover and quality control during adipose browning. Post-developmental deletion of adipocyte FoxO1 (adO1KO) suppressed Bnip3 but activated Fundc1/Drp1/OPA1 cascade, concurrent with up-regulation of Atg7 and CTSL. In addition, mitochondrial biogenesis was stimulated via the Pgc1α/Tfam pathway in adO1KO mice. These changes were associated with enhanced mitochondrial homeostasis and metabolic health (e.g., improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity). By contrast, silencing Fundc1 or Pgc1α reversed the changes induced by silencing FoxO1, which impaired mitochondrial quality control and function. Ablation of Atg7 suppressed mitochondrial turnover and function, causing metabolic disorder (e.g., impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity), regardless of elevated markers of adipose browning. Consistently, suppression of autophagy via CTSL by high-fat diet was associated with a reversal of adO1KO-induced benefits. Our data reveal a unique role of FoxO1 in coordinating mitophagy receptors (Bnip3 and Fundc1) for a fine-tuned mitochondrial turnover and quality control, underscoring autophagic clearance of mitochondria as a prerequisite for healthy browning of adipose tissue.
Pre‐trained low‐light image enhancement transformer
Authors: Zhang Jingyao , Hao Shijie , Rao Yuan
Published: March 2024

Low‐light image enhancement is a longstanding challenge in low‐level vision, as images captured in low‐light conditions often suffer from significant aesthetic quality flaws. Recent methods based on deep neural networks have made impressive progress in this area. In contrast to mainstream convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based methods, an effective solution inspired by the transformer, which has shown impressive performance in various tasks, is proposed. This solution is centred around two key components. The first is an image synthesis pipeline, and the second is a powerful transformer‐based pre‐trained model, known as the low‐light image enhancement transformer (LIET). The image synthesis pipeline includes illumination simulation and realistic noise simulation, enabling the generation of more life‐like low‐light images to overcome the issue of data scarcity. LIET combines streamlined CNN‐based encoder‐decoders with a transformer body, efficiently extracting global and local contextual features at a relatively low computational cost. The extensive experiments show that this approach is highly competitive with current state‐of‐the‐art methods. The codes have been released and are available at LIET.
Non-singular terminal sliding mode control for trajectory-tracking of a differential drive robot
Authors: Cao Tuan Ngoc Tran , Pham Binh Thanh , Tran Hieu Duc , Gia Long Xuan , Nguyen No Tan , Truong Vu Nguyen
Published: March 2024

This paper presents a trajectory control scheme for a non-holonomic differential drive mobile robot using the Non-singular Terminal Sliding Mode (NTSM) control method. The proposed approach, in fact, is a cascade control system scheme with the NTSM based dynamic controller at the internal loop which tracks the robot’s velocity quantities and a kinematic controller at the outer loop to regulate the robot’s position. In this manner, the control performance is robust to both disturbances and model’s uncertainties, as well as guarantees fast, finite-time convergence at better tracking precision. The simulation results demonstrate the merit of the anticipated control scheme.
Die COVID-19-Pandemie und ihr Einfluss auf die ärztliche Weiterbildung in der Kopf-Hals-Onkologie
Authors: Pollet Naomi , Trommer Maike , Shabli Sami , Marnitz Simone , Sharma Shachi Jenny
Published: March 2024

Ziel Die COVID-19-Pandemie hatte einen erheblichen Einfluss auf das Gesundheitssystem und die klinische Weiterbildung. In dieser Publikation wurde mittels einer Umfrage der Einfluss der Pandemie auf die Weiterbildung von onkologisch tätigen Ärzt*innen in der Kopf-Hals-Onkologie untersucht.

Methodik Die Umfrage enthielt 53 Fragen zu den Einsatzbereichen, zur alltäglichen Arbeit, zu Teamveranstaltungen und zu Weiterbildungsaspekten während der Pandemie. Insgesamt haben 497 onkologisch tätige Ärzt*innen teilgenommen, von denen 131 Teilnehmer*innen im Bereich der Kopf-Hals-Onkologie tätig waren. Diese bestanden aus 99 (75,6%) Radioonkolog*innen, 10 (7,6%) Mund-Kiefer-Gesicht-Ärzt*innen sowie 22 (16,8%) HNO-Ärzt*innen.

Ergebnisse Knapp die Hälfte der Teilnehmer*innen gab an, unter einer klinischen Mehrbelastung gelitten zu haben und war deshalb weniger wissenschaftlich aktiv. Fortbildungsmöglichkeiten fanden überwiegend digital statt und waren deshalb oft weniger zugänglich. Insbesondere die klinische Weiterbildung mit Patientenkontakt war von der Pandemie stark negativ beeinflusst. Positive Effekte im Bereich von Kosten und Verfügbarkeit wurden bei externen Fortbildungen wie Kongressen beschrieben.

Conclusio Die Pandemie hat nachweislich einen negativen Einfluss auf viele Aspekte der Weiterbildung. Trotz Beschleunigung der Digitalisierung der Weiterbildung fehlten vielen Ärzt*innen der fachliche Austausch. Das Weiterentwickeln alternativer digitaler Lehrplattformen kann eine Möglichkeit bieten, ähnliche Situationen in der Zukunft besser zu bewältigen. Der persönliche Kontakt zu Mitarbeiter*innen und Vorgesetzten darf bei der Lehrqualität dabei nicht außer Acht gelassen werden.
Unveiling the direct and indirect effects of sibling size on happiness: evidence from adults in early and mid-adulthood in China
Authors: Li Honghui , Hiwatari Masato
Published: March 2024

As China grapples with the dual policy challenges of declining birth rates and the pursuit of individual happiness, understanding the relationship between these two factors is important. This study empirically examined the influence of sibling size on happiness in China, distinguishing between direct and indirect channels of impact. Using data from the 2008 Chinese General Social Survey, this analysis focused on how sibling size shapes individual income and education levels, which are both key determinants of happiness. It addressed the endogeneity issue inherent in sibling size by employing variations in the implementation of family planning policies across provinces in the 1970s as instrumental variables. The findings revealed an indirect relationship between sibling size and happiness; an increase in sibling size negatively affected both income and education levels, subsequently reducing happiness. This study contributes to the ongoing dialogue on the relationship between family size and individual happiness in China by offering nuanced insights into the channels through which these effects occur. This study also highlights the policy implications, suggesting that initiatives to raise the birth rate should be accompanied by efforts to enhance income and educational opportunities to foster individual happiness.
The influence of university library environment on student interactions and college students’ learning engagement
Authors: Zheng Zhenhua , Zeng Min , Huang Wenya , Sun Ning
Published: March 2024

Over the past decade, learning engagement has received increasing attention from researchers. As a critical factor in college students’ academic achievement, learning engagement is significant in students’ long-term future development and social creativity. Present studies show that the overall level of college students’ learning engagement is low, which is highly unfavourable to educational quality and long-term development. There is no doubt about the position of the university library in academic circles. However, the influence of the university library environment on college students’ learning engagement has not been fully explored. The data in this study came from a survey of 45 Chinese universities. This paper investigates the relationship between the university library environment, students’ interaction, and students’ learning engagement. The results showed differences in Chinese college students’ learning engagement in liberal arts and sciences majors. The learning engagement of liberal arts majors is much lower than that of science students. We found that the library environment has an important influence on college students’ learning engagement. And the library environment can affect college students’ learning engagement through the intermediary role of interactive participation among students. In addition, for liberal arts students, the direct effect of the library environment on their learning engagement is more significant. However, for science students, the influence of the library environment on their learning engagement is more strongly intermediated by the students’ interaction. Therefore, future construction and renovation of library environments should cater not only to the diverse needs of different academic disciplines, especially liberal arts students who need special attention but also guide more students to interact friendly through the spatial characteristics of the library so as to improve the overall learning engagement of college students.
Learning physics-based reduced-order models from data using nonlinear manifolds
Authors: Geelen Rudy , Balzano Laura , Wright Stephen , Willcox Karen
Published: March 2024

We present a novel method for learning reduced-order models of dynamical systems using nonlinear manifolds. First, we learn the manifold by identifying nonlinear structure in the data through a general representation learning problem. The proposed approach is driven by embeddings of low-order polynomial form. A projection onto the nonlinear manifold reveals the algebraic structure of the reduced-space system that governs the problem of interest. The matrix operators of the reduced-order model are then inferred from the data using operator inference. Numerical experiments on a number of nonlinear problems demonstrate the generalizability of the methodology and the increase in accuracy that can be obtained over reduced-order modeling methods that employ a linear subspace approximation.
Fluorescence pressure sensors: Calibration of ruby, Sm2+: SrB4O7, and Sm3+: YAG to 55 GPa and 850 K
Authors: Wei Yingzhan , Zhou Qiang , Zhang Caizi , Li Liang , Li Xinyang , Li Fangfei
Published: March 2024

In this work, a calibration of ruby, samarium-doped strontium tetraborate (Sm2+: SrB4O7), and samarium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Sm3+: YAG) using Raman and fluorescence spectra was conducted within the temperature range of 296–850 K and pressure range of 0–55 GPa. The obtained calibration can be applied independently for high-temperature or high-pressure conditions and described as the unit form of P = (A′/B′) × [(λ/λT)B′ − 1] with A′ = A (296 K) + A1 × (T − 296) + A2 × (T − 296)2, B′ = B(296 K) + B1 × (T – 296), and λT = λT (296 K) + ΔλT, where the specific parameters are provided in the main text. It was observed that for the λ1 line (5D0 → 7F0 transition, about 685.2 nm under ambient conditions, also known as the 0-0 line) of Sm2+: SrB4O7, the neglect of the temperature effect on the pressure coefficient may lead to an underestimation of pressure above 35–40 GPa, with a maximum deviation of approximately 2.5 GPa within the range of 55 GPa and 850 K. For Sm3+: YAG, it may introduce significant errors under the whole high temperature and high pressure range if the effect of temperature is ignored, that is, about 3.9 GPa for Y1 line (4G5/2 → 6H7/2 transition, about 617.8 nm under ambient conditions) and 4.6 GPa for Y2 line (4G5/2 → 6H7/2 transition, about 616.0 nm under ambient conditions) at 850 K. Comparing the three fluorescence pressure sensors, the ruby has the strongest signal intensity and highest temperature sensitivity, and the Sm2+: SrB4O7 and the Sm3+: YAG possess lower temperature sensibility, wider used temperature range, and better spectral quality under high temperature and high pressure (HTHP), especially Sm2+: SrB4O7, which has a sharp high-intensity single peak λ1, perhaps the most promising sensor for high P–T experiments. Therefore, in view of the potential deflections of fluorescence peaks of each pressure sensor under HTHP, we recommend utilizing the HTHP-corrected relationships for pressure calibration.
Convergence rates for the stationary and non-stationary Navier–Stokes equations over non-Lipschitz boundaries
Authors: Zhang Yiping
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we consider the convergence rates for the 2D stationary and non-stationary Navier–Stokes Equations over highly oscillating periodic bumpy John domains with C2 regularity in some neighborhood of the boundary point (0,0). For the stationary case, using the variational equation satisfied by the solution and the correctors for the bumpy John domains obtained by Higaki and Zhuge [Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 247(4), 66 (2023)] after correcting the values on the inflow/outflow boundaries ({0} ∪ {1}) × (0, 1), we can obtain an O(ɛ3/2) approximation in L2 for the velocity and an O(ɛ3/2) convergence rates in L2 approximated by the so called Navier’s wall laws, which generalized the results obtained by Jäger and Mikelić [J. Differ. Equations 170(1), 96–122 (2001)]. Moreover, for the non-stationary case, using the energy method, we can obtain an O(ɛ3/2 + exp(−Ct)) convergence rate for the velocity in Lx2.
Exploring low-temperature dynamics in triple perovskite ruthenates using nonlinear dielectric susceptibility measurements
Authors: Chakravarty Shruti , Nair Sunil
Published: March 2024

We report the nonlinear dielectric properties of three triple-perovskite ruthenates: Ba3CoRu2O9, Ba3BiRu2O9, and Sr3CaRu2O9. These compounds exhibit notable correlations among their spin, charge, lattice, and polar degrees of freedom. Ba3CoRu2O9 displays a pronounced frequency-dependent relaxation in χ2,3 just above the magnetoelastic transition, occurring around 100 K, followed by an abrupt loss of polarization within the ordered phase. In Ba3BiRu2O9, we encounter the possibility of multiple coexisting relaxation behaviors, indicating a complex phase strongly influenced by the spin-gap opening at 175 K. Lastly, Sr3CaRu2O9 displays anomalies with strong dispersion effects close to its magnetic transitions, indicating a robust coupling between magnetic and dipolar orders in the system. These measurements highlight the significance of higher-order (hyper-)susceptibilities in providing profound insight into the dynamics of a system, offering information otherwise inaccessible through the linear polarization response alone.
Quantum cryptography with structured photons
Authors: Forbes Andrew , Youssef Mostafa , Singh Sachleen , Nape Isaac , Ung Bora
Published: March 2024

Quantum photonic platforms have proven to be essential in realizing fundamentally secure quantum transfer of information, with commercially ready systems already deployed in municipal and terrestrial links. The drive toward higher bit rates and robustness to eavesdropping and noisy channels has focused attention on moving from the present two-dimensional quantum states of polarization, to harnessing all of light's degrees of freedom for multi-dimensional quantum coding with structured photons. In this Perspective, we outline the present state-of-the-art in achieving this control with spatial modes of light, both as single photon and entangled states, highlight the open challenges that remain, and consider the roadmap that might see its full potential realized.