bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increasing variability in resource supply over time disrupts plant–pollinator interactions
Authors: Redr Deanne , Cirtwill Alyssa R. , Kaartinen Riikka , Grunsky Anna , Hogg Ian , McLennan Donald , Rasmussen Claus , Schmidt Niels Martin , Tiusanen Mikko , Wagner Johann , Wirta Helena , Roslin Tomas
Published: December 2024

Insect–plant interactions are key determinants of plant and insect fitness, providing important ecosystem services around the world—including the Arctic region. Recently, it has been suggested that climate warming causes rifts between flower and pollinator phenology. To what extent the progression of pollinators matches the availability of flowers in the Arctic season is poorly known. In this study, we aimed to characterize the community phenology of flowers and insects in a rapidly changing Arctic environment from a descriptive and functional perspective. To this end, we inferred changes in resource availability from both a plant and an insect point of view, by connecting resource and consumer species through a metaweb of all the plant–insect interactions ever observed at a site. Specifically, we: (1) characterized species‐specific phenology among plants and insects at two High‐Arctic sites—Cambridge Bay in Nunavut, Canada, and Zackenberg in Northeast Greenland; (2) quantified competition for flowers using sticky flower mimics; (3) used information on plant–pollinator interactions to quantify supply and demand for pollinator services versus flower resources during the summer; and (4) compared patterns observed within a focal summer at each site to patterns of long‐term change at Zackenberg, using a 25‐year time series of plant flowering and insect phenology. Within summers, we found evidence of a general mismatch between supply and demand. Over the 25‐year time series, the number of weeks per summer when resource supply fell below a standardized threshold increased significantly over time. In addition, variation in resource availability increased significantly over years. We suggest that the number of resource‐poor weeks per year is increasing and becoming less predictable in the High Arctic. This will have important implications for plant pollination, pollinator fitness, and the future of the Arctic ecosystem, as both plants and their pollinators are faced with widening resource gaps.
Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds of Different Types of Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) Using Comprehensive Two‐Dimensional Gas Chromatography With Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhu Huixia , Wei Min , Zhang Yuxin , Tao Xinglin
Published: December 2024

As a vegetable and spice crop, the quality of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is considerably affected by flavor. However, research on flavor of different C. annuum L. varieties, such as the fruits of “Gansu Xianjiao” (GX) and “Gansu Banjiao” (GB), is limited. In this study, comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical analysis were used to elucidate the flavor differences between GX and GB. A total of 2458 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified, with GX and GB possessing 1914 and 1802 VOCs, respectively. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed 215 differential VOCs in GX versus GB. The relative contents of pyrazine, 2‐ethenyl‐6‐methyl and 1‐cyclohexene‐1‐carboxylic acid, 2,6,6‐trimethyl‐, ethyl ester were most significantly increased, whereas those of 4‐methylpentyl 4‐methylpentanoate methional and 2‐furanmethanol,5‐methyl‐ were most significantly decreased. Further, these differential VOCs were correlated with sensory attributes, such as the sweetness, fruitiness, and green aroma. This study will provide deeper insights into improving the flavor quality of C. annuum L.
FDG PET/CT imaging and circulating biomarkers of inflammation in desmoplakin cardiomyopathy
Authors: Divakaran Sanjay , Randhawa Vinay , Tahir Usman A. , Robertson Matthew , Waheed Anam A. , Perillo Anna , Barrett Leanne , Blankstein Ron , Feinberg Mark W. , Di Carli Marcelo F. , Lakdawala Neal K.
Published: December 2024

Aims

Inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of desmoplakin (DSP) cardiomyopathy, and retrospective studies have described abnormal myocardial fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) findings in symptomatic patients eventually diagnosed with DSP cardiomyopathy. We aimed to prospectively investigate if ambulatory patients with DSP cardiomyopathy had myocardial FDG uptake PET/CT imaging indicative of myocardial inflammation and if they had circulating biomarker evidence of inflammation.

Methods

We prospectively recruited participants with DSP cardiomyopathy and participants with titin cardiomyopathy as a comparator group. Blood samples for clinical labs and proteomic profiling, myocardial perfusion single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and myocardial FDG PET/CT were obtained for all participants.

Results

Ten participants with DSP cardiomyopathy (median age 36.5 years (28, 60); 80% female; 100% White and non‐Hispanic) and four participants with titin cardiomyopathy (median age 55.5 years [38.5, 64]; 50% female; 100% White and non‐Hispanic) were recruited. There were no significant differences between the groups in white blood cell count, ESR, hsCRP or hsTn. Three participants with DSP cardiomyopathy and two participants with titin cardiomyopathy had non‐specific myocardial FDG uptake on PET/CT. All other participants had no myocardial FDG uptake. Integration of miRNA differential expression and their predicted targets from the differential expression proteomics data identified a total of 11 inverse miRNA–mRNA pairs potentially involved in the regulation of top 20 significantly enriched pathways, including pathways involved in metabolism, inflammasome/inflammatory signalling and cell death/pyroptosis.

Conclusions

In a group of ambulatory patients with DSP and titin cardiomyopathy, we found no differences in FDG PET/CT findings or clinical circulating biomarkers of inflammation. However, miRNA‐seq/proteomics analyses identified several enriched pathways and unique miRNA–protein pairs between DSP and titin cardiomyopathy, including pathways involved in inflammasome/inflammatory signalling. Future work will centre on evaluation during myocarditis‐like episodes.
Three‐Component Alkylsulfonylation of 1‐Acryloyl‐2‐Cyanoindoles with Hantzsch Esters through Sulfur Dioxide Insertion
Authors: Zhong Long‐Jin , Shang Xuan , Chen Hui , Liu Rui‐Xin , Tang Ke‐Wen , Zhou Quan , Liu Yu
Published: December 2024

A three‐component alkylsulfonylation/cyclization/hydrolysis relay reaction of 1‐acryloyl‐2‐cyanoindoles with 4‐alkyl Hantzsch esters and Na2S2O5 involving sulfur dioxide insertion has been established to access a series of alkylsulfonyl pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indolediones derivatives. With this method, a variety of primary and secondary alkyl radicals can be used for trapping sulfur dioxide and the corresponding alkylsulfonyl radical intermediates formed in situ, followed by alkyl sulfonyl radical addition, cyclization and hydrolysis. This reaction involves selective cleavage of a carbon‐carbon bond followed by successive formation of three new chemical bonds, in which the cyano group has dual roles as a radical acceptor and a carbonyl source.
A Fully Degradable, Bio‐Safe Supercapacitor Targeting for Harmless Disposal of Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Xu Chang , Guan Shiqiang , Zhuang Xijing , Dong Xufeng
Published: December 2024

Supercapacitors show broad application prospects as promising energy supply units for future integrated or even implantable electronic devices, but their poor degradability and high biotoxicity severely limit their further development. Regarding this, future‐oriented supercapacitors with fully degradable behavior and excellent biosafety have been prepared through the wide application of degradable polymers and a rational encapsulation and isolation strategy. The combination of self‐supporting pulp fiber/graphene composite electrodes and guar gum gel electrolyte endows the devices with ideal rate performance and long lifetime. The devices demonstrate extremely low cytotoxicity and satisfactory biocompatibility. The implantation caused no significant rejection and did not affect the survival status of the SD rats, suggesting the possibility of powering implantable electronics. Notably, all components of the device (electrodes, electrolyte, substrate, and encapsulation materials) do not contain hazardous or non‐degradable materials, allowing for true complete degradability. The preparation strategy and material selection in the study are expected to be generalized to a wide range of energy storage systems, providing some reference and guidance for the harmless disposal of energy storage devices and even microelectronics.

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The appearance of scalp high‐frequency oscillations is associated with poor seizure control in pediatric epilepsy patients
Authors: Maeda Keisuke , Hosoda Nami , Tsuboi Himari , Naito Honoka , Kudo Chiaki , Fukumoto Junichi , Fujita Shiho , Ichino Naohiro , Osakabe Keisuke , Sugimoto Keiko , Yamaguchi Shunta , Ishihara Naoko
Published: December 2024

Objective

Epilepsy treatment with anti‐seizure medications (ASMs) is based on careful assessment of the balance between the likelihood of further seizures and the risk of side effects of treatment. However, there is currently no established biomarker to ascertain seizure control status with ASMs. High‐frequency oscillations (HFOs), transient bursts of EEG activity with frequencies beyond 80 Hz, are a new and promising noninvasive epilepsy biomarker. We compared the risk of scalp HFO appearance between pediatric patients with good and poor seizure control by treatment with ASMs.

Methods

A total of 72 epilepsy patients (aged 0–18 years, 39 males) with good and poor seizure control with ASMs participated in this study. We applied a validated automated detector to determine HFO and spike. We calculated the odds ratios (ORs) for scalp HFO and spike appearance according to seizure control status by multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results

Scalp HFO was seen more commonly and with a significantly higher detection rate in patients with poor seizure control as compared with patients with good seizure control for both ripple and fast ripple. These significant associations were found for both focal and generalized epilepsy. The ORs for scalp HFO appearance adjusted for confounding factors were significantly higher in patients with poor seizure control compared to those with good seizure control (ripple: OR [95% CI] = 11.91 [2.21–64.30], p = 0.004; fast ripple: 4.98 [1.03–24.09], p = 0.046). There were no significant associations between spike appearance and seizure control status.

Significance

We found an increased risk of scalp HFO appearance in patients with poor seizure control. The results of this study support that scalp HFO is associated with patients having frequent seizures after treatment in both ripple and fast ripple.

Plain Language Summary

This study analyzed scalp high‐frequency oscillations and spikes in pediatric patients with various types of epilepsy who were being treated using ASMs. The results showed that an increased risk of scalp HFO appearance was observed in patients with poor seizure control compared to those with good seizure control. These findings were observed in both the ripple (80–250 Hz) and fast ripple (250–500 Hz) bands. The scalp HFO is associated with patients having frequent seizures after treatment in both ripple and fast ripple.
Performance‐Based Seismic Design With Consideration of Safe Storage From Errors in Reinforced Concrete Member Estimated Yield Deformation
Authors: Wang Zelin , Kusunoki Koichi , Maida Yusuke
Published: December 2024

While performing the capacity spectrum method in seismic design, it is essential to select a reasonable objective. In practice, the design objective is typically determined by estimated structural response. However, factors like ground‐motion randomness, the deviation between the structural analysis model and the actual behavior, and other factors would introduce errors in estimation. Therefore, a redundancy design with consideration of safe storage from these errors is necessary. This study focused on errors in the structural analysis model specifically, particularly reinforced concrete members’ estimated yield deformation—an essential parameter in estimating structural response. Initially, the influence on yield deformation of the structure due to each member's estimated yield deformation was clarified theoretically in the capacity spectrum method. To supplement theoretical analysis, a pushover analysis was conducted based on an E‐defense shaking table test specimen. Then, the effect of structural yield deformation on estimated response deformation was deduced according to Japanese seismic design guidelines and was verified based on a single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) numerical analysis. By integrating these discussions, errors in estimated structural response caused by members’ estimated yield deformation can be evaluated. Consequently, a redundancy factor was proposed to include the safe storage from errors in RC member estimated yield deformation.
SOC and SOH Prediction of Lithium‐Ion Batteries Based on LSTM–AUKF Joint Algorithm
Authors: Song Yancheng , Lu Jiaqi , Zhang Huai , Liu Guangjun
Published: December 2024

Lithium batteries are increasingly favored for energy storage due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and robust charge and discharge rates. However, safety concerns necessitate the implementation of a battery management system (BMS) to monitor battery status, maintain energy balance, and provide failure warnings to ensure safe operation. This paper proposes an efficient BMS for high‐voltage, high‐current lithium battery energy storage. The approach leverages a multihead‐attention‐enhanced long short‐term memory (LSTM) neural network combined with an adaptive unscented Kalman filter to accurately calculate the battery's state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH). To improve accuracy, various factors such as temperature and internal resistance were considered. The algorithm was validated through hardware and simulation experiments, with experimental data compared to estimation results to demonstrate its precision. The findings show strong convergence and tracking capabilities, with SOC estimation presenting a maximum error of 1.5% and SOH estimation a maximum error of under 0.4%. We expect that this approach will allow for a more refined evaluation of SOC and SOH in lithium‐ion batteries, potentially improving Li‐ion battery system management.
Investigating the Optimal Membrane‐Based Separation of Cynaroside From Peony Seed Meals and Assessing Its Biomedical Implications
Authors: Chen Wen‐Tao , Sun Jing , Zhang Ying‐Yang , Xu Ying , Zou Ping , Hu Jian‐Gang , Zhou Lei
Published: December 2024

This comprehensive study focused on evaluating and selecting seven distinct commercial membranes to develop BTESE/PA membranes. This method effectively facilitated the extraction of cynaroside from the complex composition of peony seed meal. We subsequently conducted a thorough investigation into its biological properties. These findings establish a robust foundation for future research and the development of related products. The peak concentration achieved by peony seed meal filtration (PSMF) was 234.84 ± 1.17 μg/mL. Among the commercial membranes evaluated, the PA membrane exhibited superior separation capabilities, leading to its selection for BTESE loading. Compared with BTESE treated with HCl and NH3, the HCl variant, once incorporated into the BTESE/PA membrane, enhanced cynaroside separation, achieving an impressive 90.23% recovery rate. A comprehensive investigation of the biological effects of cynaroside revealed its crucial antioxidant role, especially in SOD binding. Additionally, cynaroside has the potential to induce apoptosis in K562 cells through interactions with BCL‐2 and CDK‐2 enzymes. Pharmacophore screening revealed the affinity of cynaroside for the PDE5A, TNKS2, and DAPK1 proteins, suggesting that it has diverse potential applications.
Automated Segmentation of Fetal Intracranial Volume in Three‐Dimensional Ultrasound Using Deep Learning: Identifying Sex Differences in Prenatal Brain Development
Authors: de Zwarte Sonja M. C. , Teeuw Jalmar , He Jiaojiao , Bekker Mireille N. , van Sloun Ruud J. G. , Hulshoff Pol Hilleke E.
Published: December 2024

The human brain undergoes major developmental changes during pregnancy. Three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound images allow for the opportunity to investigate typical prenatal brain development on a large scale. Transabdominal ultrasound can be challenging due to the small fetal brain and its movement, as well as multiple sweeps that may not yield high‐quality images, especially when brain structures are unclear. By applying the latest developments in artificial intelligence for automated image processing allowing automated training of brain anatomy in these images retrieving reliable quantitative brain measurements becomes possible at a large scale. Here, we developed a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for automated segmentation of fetal intracranial volume (ICV) from 3D ultrasound. We applied the trained model in a large longitudinal population sample from the YOUth Baby and Child cohort measured at 20‐ and 30‐week of gestational age to investigate biological sex differences in fetal ICV as a proof‐of‐principle and validation for our automated method (N = 2235 individuals with 43492 ultrasounds). A total of 168 annotated, randomly selected, good quality 3D ultrasound whole‐brain images were included to train a 3D CNN for automated fetal ICV segmentation. A data augmentation strategy provided physical variation to train the network. K‐fold cross‐validation and Bayesian optimization were used for network selection and the ensemble‐based system combined multiple networks to form the final ensemble network. The final ensemble network produced consistent and high‐quality segmentations of ICV (Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) > 0.93, Hausdorff Distance (HD): HDvoxel < 4.6 voxels, and HDphysical < 1.4 mm). In addition, we developed an automated quality control procedure to include the ultrasound scans that successfully predicted ICV from all 43492 3D ultrasounds available in all individuals, no longer requiring manual selection of the best scan for analysis. Our trained model automatically retrieved ultrasounds with brain data and estimated ICV and ICV growth in 7672 (18%) of ultrasounds in 1762 participants that passed the automatic quality control procedure. Boys had significantly larger ICV at 20‐weeks (81.7 ± 0.4 mL vs. 80.8 ± 0.5 mL; B = 2.86; p = 5.7e‐14) and 30‐weeks (257.0 ± 0.9 mL vs. 245.1 ± 0.9 mL; B = 12.35; p = 8.2e‐27) of pregnancy, and more pronounced ICV growth than girls (delta growth 0.12 mL/day; p = 1.8e‐5). Our automated artificial intelligence approach provides an opportunity to investigate fetal brain development on a much larger scale and to answer fundamental questions related to prenatal brain development.
Efficacy of Digital Health Interventions Used for Adolescent's Sexual Health: An Umbrella Review
Authors: Borji‐Navan Sanam , Maleki Nahid , Keramat Afsaneh
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

Adolescents face many barriers and challenges associated with sexual and reproductive health (SRH). These barriers can include limited access to youth‐friendly healthcare services, lack of information, and stigma. Digital health interventions has the capability to enhance clinical management. This study was performed to investigate the efficacy of digital health interventions used for adolescent's sexual health.

Methods

This Umbrella Review has reviewed the search engines and databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Chochrane Library, Google Scholar in English with the keywords organized into three broad categories: Sexual health and related issues, digital health interventions, and Adolescent, until December 3, 2023. The final analysis was based on a review of 23 full‐text articles.

Results

The findings of the study clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of digital health interventions in enhancing sexual health outcomes among adolescents. The review identified several significant fields where digital health interventions have been effective, including promoting safer sexual practices, improving sexual health knowledge, and Minimizing high‐risk sexual behaviors among adolescents. The assessment also emphasized the potential of digital health interventions to reach a wide audience, particularly those who may not have access to traditional healthcare services.

Conclusion

The findings of this research suggest that digital health interventions can be an effective way to promote safer sexual practices, improve sexual health knowledge, and reduce risky sexual behavior among adolescents. The quality of the evidence, however, varied across the studies assessed, highlighting the need for further rigorous study to demonstrate the efficacy of these interventions.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42023488296; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023488296.
The Clinical Impact of NPM1 Mutations and the Effect of Concurrent Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Unraveling the Prognostic Significance
Authors: Moassass Faten , Moualla Yahia , AL‐Halabi Bassel , Khamis Atieh , Al‐achkar Walid
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

Nucleophosmin (NPM1) gene mutations occur in approximately 30%–35% of individuals with an initial diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Mutations in this gene have been reported in 50%–60% of AML patients with a normal karyotype. These mutations help to distinguish clinicopathological and molecular features, setting them apart as a unique subset within the heterogeneous landscape of AML. In the present study, we investigated the frequency and clinical impact of NPM1mut in 100 newly diagnosed adult Syrian patients with AML‐normal karyotype (NK) using direct sequencing.

Methods

We analyzed 100 AML‐NK patients using direct sequencing to assess the prevalence and clinical impact of NPM1 mutations, as well as the co‐occurrence of FLT3‐ITD and DNMT3A mutations.

Results

Our results revealed that the prevalence of NPM1mut was 22% among the patients; 86.4% of these mutations were type A (NM_002520.5:c.860‐863dupTCTG), while 13.6% were de novo mutations (c.863_864insCCTG, p.Trp288CysfsTer12), (c.861_862dup, p.Trp288SerfsTer13), and (c.863_864insCCGG, p.Trp288CysfsTer12). Among our patients, 22% exhibited NPM1mut, with 7% also harboring FLT3‐ITDmut and 2% having DNMT3Amut. The presence of NPM1mut was correlated with a statistically significant increase in bone marrow blast percentage (p = 0.017). Notably, patients with NPM1mut displayed significantly higher mortality rates, with 72.7% succumbing to the disease compared to 29.5% of patients without NPM1mut (p < 0.001). Furthermore, our results showed that when the overall survival (OS) time exceeded 8.35 months, the likelihood of NPM1 wild‐type status was greater.

Conclusion

The evaluation of NPM1mut and co‐mutation has consistently demonstrated remarkable prognostic significance in AML, suggesting the potential for improved response rates, extended disease‐free periods, and OS. Our findings provide valuable insights for understanding molecular leukemogenesis in AML‐NK patients and will aid in clinical diagnosis, prognostic implications, and the development of targeted therapy strategies for Syrian AML patients.
The Current Pathogenicity and Potential Risk Assessment of Nipah Virus as Potential Cause of “Disease X”: A Narrative Review
Authors: Mehnaz Samiha , Anjum Ramisa , Mithila Fatema Rahman , Dewan Syed Masudur Rahman , Islam Md. Rabiul
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

The World Health Organization (WHO) recognized the potential for a severe international epidemic and introduced the term “Disease X” to classify pathogens that not yet identified. The Nipah virus (NiV) is highly dangerous due to its zoonotic nature, high mortality rate, and ability to cause severe clinical symptoms in humans. In this review, we gather the latest information on the NiV and its potential to become a significant candidate for Disease X.

Methods

We performed a thorough review of articles published in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using appropriate MeSH terms and keywords. Studies reported NiV infection were considered for this review.

Results

The NiV exhibits different epidemiological patterns in different countries that calls for customized prevention and control strategies. Genetic analysis highlights NiV's ability to mutate that alters possible treatment options. Transmission typically involves bats as the primary reservoir, with humans becoming infected either through intermediate hosts or food. This shows NiV's complex nature, including its ability to reach the central nervous system through the olfactory nerve. Promising treatment options, such as monoclonal antibodies, antivirals, and ongoing vaccine research, provide hope. However, the virus's adaptability, human‐to‐human transmission, and the lack of specific antiviral therapy raise concerns about its potential to cause a global pandemic. The interconnection between animals, humans, and the environment stresses the need for a One Health approach to tackle emerging infectious disease by NiV.

Conclusion

Global collaboration, surveillance, and research investments are imperative for the preparation of future pandemics. The ongoing COVID‐19 challenges underscoring the critical need for sustained scientific endeavors, global leadership, and recognition of the prominence of NiV as a candidate for the potential Disease X.
Combined Impacts of Thermal and Mass Stratification on Unsteady MHD Parabolic Flow Along an Infinite Vertical Plate With Periodic Temperature Variation and Variable Mass Diffusion
Authors: Sahu Digbash , Deka Rudra Kanta
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the dynamics of unsteady MHD parabolic flow along an infinite vertical plate, with a focus on the impacts of thermal and mass stratification under periodic temperature variations and variable mass diffusion. Utilizing the Laplace transform technique for deriving exact solutions, this research innovatively integrates both thermal and mass stratification effects without resorting to approximations. The main objective is to assess how these stratifications influence flow dynamics, temperature, and concentration profiles in environments with varying magnetic fields. The study contrasts these findings against classical non‐stratification cases, offering a detailed comparison of fluid behavior under different conditions. Results indicate that thermal and mass stratifications substantially decrease velocity and stabilize temperature profiles, pointing to a damping effect on fluid motion while also controlling diffusion processes. These stratifications lead to higher Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, suggesting improved heat and mass transfer efficiencies. In contrast, the absence of stratification results in higher velocities and less stable temperature and concentration distributions. The findings underscore the significant role of stratification in optimizing fluid dynamics and enhancing the efficiency of heat and mass transfer processes, providing crucial insights for engineering and environmental applications where such conditions prevail.
Validation of Magnesium Oxide Additive Effects on Diesel Engine Performance Through Crystal Structure and Thermal Stability Analyses
Authors: Çılğın Erdal
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the effects of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles on combustion performance and emissions in diesel engines. MgO's well‐ordered crystal structure, high thermal stability, and oxygen‐carrying capacity positively influence engine performance. The effects of 50 and 100 mg/L MgO concentrations were compared, showing up to a 5% improvement in brake thermal efficiency at 100 mg/L. Additionally, reductions of 8% in CO and 10% in HC emissions were achieved. MgO's crystal structure contributed to higher combustion temperatures, leading to lower harmful emissions. However, an increase in NOx emissions was observed, indicating the need for careful balancing between performance improvements and emission control. These results highlight MgO as an efficient and environmentally friendly fuel additive.
Simulation in podiatry teaching and learning: A scoping review
Authors: Anning Naomi , Tehan Peta
Published: December 2024

Background

In podiatry, there are a variety of clinical tasks that require precision and skill and it is expected that clinicians will obtain these skills during their training. Simulation is a dynamic teaching tool used in healthcare to enhance skill and knowledge acquisition. Currently, the extent and nature of the research on the use of simulation in podiatry teaching and learning are not clear.

Aim

A scoping review was conducted to identify the extent and nature of research activity on the use of simulation in podiatry teaching and learning and identify gaps in the existing literature.

Methods

Any research relating to simulation use in podiatry teaching including various designs and focusing on simulations aimed at improving podiatry teaching or learning were eligible for inclusion. A systematic search was conducted on February 14, 2024 of the following databases: Embase (via Embase.com), MEDLINE (via PubMed), CINAHL, and the Web of Science. Additional papers were identified via bibliographies of included studies. Content analysis of content relating to podiatry teaching and learning was performed and grouped into broad themes, then further narrowing to six themes.

Results

A total of 21 research studies were deemed eligible for inclusion focusing on diverse aspects of podiatry simulation utilized in high‐income countries exclusively. Conducted between 1997 and 2023, these studies were categorized into six key themes: skill improvement, communication and professionalism, clinical competencies and patient safety, educational enhancement, and anatomy and histology education. The simulations, carried out by or assessed for podiatry professionals, staff, or students, ranged from high‐fidelity medical mannequins to low‐fidelity simulations such as a grapefruit model of a diabetes‐related foot ulcer.

Conclusion

Overall, the findings suggest that simulation teaching in podiatry, whether through direct skill enhancement or through educational impact assessments, holds potential in improving competency, confidence, and educational outcomes in podiatry practice. This scoping review identified a small yet diverse evidence base for simulation modalities in podiatry education, demonstrating gaps in long‐term effects and comparative effectiveness studies. It highlights the urgent need for research focused on longitudinal impacts, evaluating various simulation technologies and standardizing best practices to improve podiatry education and align with clinical and patient care needs.
Forecasting Alcohol‐Related Liver Disease Mortality Trends in Younger Populations Using Advanced Time‐Series Models: A 1999–2030 Analysis
Authors: Ali Hassam , Jahagirdar Vinay , Blaney Hanna , Dahiya Dushyant Singh , Gangwani Manesh K. , Patel Pratik , Hayat Umar , Jaber Fouad , Simonetto Douglas A. , Satapathy Sanjaya K.
Published: December 2024

Objective

Alcohol‐related liver disease (ALD) has emerged as a significant public health concern, particularly among younger populations. ALD remains the leading cause of alcohol‐attributable deaths. This study aims to forecast ALD mortality trends up to 2030, focusing on individuals under 55 years.

Methods

We utilized data from the CDC WONDER database (1999–2022) to examine ALD‐related deaths, identified by ICD‐10 codes (K70.0–K70.9). Crude mortality rates (CMRs) per 100 000 were analyzed and temporal trends were assessed using annual and average annual percent changes (APC/AAPC) with empirical quantile confidence intervals. An Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was employed to project mortality rates until 2030, validated through time series cross‐validation.

Results

From 1999 to 2022, there were 181 862 ALD‐related deaths among individuals under 55, with mortality rates increasing from 3.9 per 100 000 in 1999 to 9.7 per 100 000 in 2022 (AAPC 4.66%, 95% CI: 3.90%–5.86%). Projections suggest rates will continue to rise, reaching 14.4 per 100 000 by 2030. From 1999 to 2022, the 25–34 age group experienced the highest increase, with an AAPC of 10.27% (95% CI: 9.19%–11.35%), while the 35–44 and 45–54 age groups showed more moderate increases, with AAPCs of 5.03% and 4.38%, respectively. Projections indicate an AAPC of 3.86% for ages 25–34, 3.90% for ages 35–44, and 6.17% for ages 45–54 by 2030.

Conclusion

Forecasts indicate a continued rise in ALD mortality among individuals under 55, necessitating immediate public health strategies to mitigate this trend.
Small Planar Hypohamiltonian Graphs
Authors: Tsai Cheng‐Chen
Published: December 2024

A graph is hypohamiltonian if it is non‐hamiltonian, but the deletion of every single vertex gives a Hamiltonian graph. Until now, the smallest known planar hypohamiltonian graph had 40 vertices, a result due to Jooyandeh, McKay, Östergård, Pettersson, and Zamfirescu. That result is here improved upon by two planar hypohamiltonian graphs on 34 vertices. We exploited a special subgraph contained in two graphs of Jooyandeh et al., and modified it to construct the two 34‐vertex graphs and six planar hypohamiltonian graphs on 37 vertices. Each of the 34‐vertex graphs has 26 cubic vertices, improving upon the result of Jooyandeh et al. that planar hypohamiltonian graphs have 30 cubic vertices. We use the 34‐vertex graphs to construct hypohamiltonian graphs of order 34 with crossing number 1, improving the best‐known bound of 36 due to Wiener. Whether there exists a planar hypohamiltonian graph on 41 vertices was an open question. We settled this question by applying an operation introduced by Thomassen to the 37‐vertex graphs to obtain several planar hypohamiltonian graphs on 41 vertices. The 25 planar hypohamiltonian graphs on 40 vertices of Jooyandeh et al. have no nontrivial automorphisms. The result is here improved upon by six planar hypohamiltonian graphs on 40 vertices with nontrivial automorphisms.
Impact of Sanctions Policy Shifts: A Case Study of the United States and Cuba, 1994–2020
Authors: Vidal Pavel
Published: December 2024

This article offers new evidence to aid the discussion on the economic consequences of easing or tightening sanctions, with Cuba serving as a case study. Even with the persistent sanction regime, a level of trade, remittances and visitors has been sustained between the United States and Cuba, notably since the 1990s, fluctuating with the political climate. This study consolidates data from various sources to gauge the magnitude of this exchange relative to Cuba's GDP and calculates the susceptibility of economic indicators to shifts in sanctions (either easing or tightening) over the past three decades. Econometric findings demonstrate the impact of sanctions on Cuban economic growth. The findings suggest that tight sanctions negatively impact household consumption and Cuba's private sector. However, the data do not show a decline in the value of Cuban government consumption.
Prenatal MR Diagnosis of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection and Related Brain Growth Changes
Authors: Ren Jing‐Ya , Chen Chang‐An , Zhu Ming , Liu Ke , Chen Li‐Jun , Dong Su‐Zhen
Published: December 2024

Background

Prenatal diagnosis of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is challenging, and little is known about how it affects brain development.

Purpose

To evaluate the utility of fetal MRI to diagnose TAPVC and related brain growth changes.

Study Type

Retrospective case–control study.

Population

Twenty‐one fetuses (23.0 to 30.8 weeks, mean 26.4 weeks) with pre‐natal MRI diagnosis of TAPVC. Post‐natal images and surgery were available in 18 fetuses. Brain volumes in TAPVC fetuses were compared with age and sex matched 100 cases of normal controls and 38 fetuses with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF).

Sequence

Single shot turbo spin echo sequence for evaluating fetal brain, and steady‐state free precession (SSFP) sequence for evaluating fetal cardiovascular structures at 1.5 T.

Assessment

TAPVC type was determined by visualizing the drainage of the common pulmonary vein and dilated coronary sinus: supracardiac, intracardiac and infracardiac. The fetal pulmonary edema was evaluated, and fetal brain volumes were measured using automatic segmentation.

Statistical Tests

One‐way analysis of variance and post hoc least square difference tests to evaluate differences in variables between TAPVC, TOF and control groups. A P value <0.05 was considered significant.

Results

Of the 21 cases of TAPVC, 10 (47.6%) were identified as supracardiac, 8 (38.1%) as intracardiac, and 3 (14.3%) as infracardiac. Eighteen cases were confirmed by postnatal imaging and surgery; the remaining three cases had no confirmation. Six cases were associated with other cardiovascular abnormalities. Key MRI features of fetal TAPVC included a dilated coronary sinus and vertical vein. Fetal pulmonary edema was seen in six cases. Compared to controls, TAPVC fetuses had lower cerebellum and brainstem volumes and higher e‐CSF, while had larger subcortical brain tissue, cerebellum, brainstem, e‐CSF, and intracranial cavity volumes than those of TOF cases.

Data Conclusion

Fetal MRI may be a useful modality for evaluating fetal TAPVC and altered brain development.

Evidence Level

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3
Classifying Climate‐Suitable Lands in California for Coffee Cultivation
Authors: Prewitt Kenneth B. , Abatzoglou John T. , Viers Joshua H. , Naughton Colleen C.
Published: December 2024

Increased market for specialty coffee and climate volatility in traditional coffee‐growing regions of the world has prompted interest in cultivating coffee outside of the tropics, including in California. While several small coffee farms have established in California over the past couple decade, no studies have identified and quantified climatically suitable regions for growing coffee. We developed a model of Coffea arabica suitability based on agronomic studies of thermal constraints to coffee cultivation, combining heat and cold intolerance with energy requirements for maturation. This model was applied to agricultural lands across California using high‐resolution climate datasets for both modern (1991–2020) and projected near‐term (2021–2050) conditions. We explored the potential for farm thermal management approaches—such as using agroforestry shade trees—to buffer temperature extremes and augment thermal suitability. Results indicate that, in the absence of thermal management approaches, nearly all agricultural lands in the state experience temperature extremes detrimental to coffee cultivation in modern climate. By contrast, we found that over 230 km2 of agricultural land in coastal southern and central California is thermally suitable for coffee with management efforts. These suitable areas include most of the state's avocado cultivation—which may serve as a thermal buffer for coffee and favour the environmental and economic agricultural sustainability of this coupled crop system. We additionally show that projected near‐term climate coupled with management efforts leads to moderate increases in thermally suitable agricultural lands for coffee cultivation. Despite numerous economic and logistical challenges, that impede the growth of a burgeoning coffee region in coastal, southern and central California, we demonstrate that climate conditions in both today and in the future, combined with agronomic management efforts such as shading, provide an opportunity for a viable coffee production in California.
Cropland Exposure to Extreme Dryness and Wetness in China Under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
Authors: Yang Ruiting , Wang Guojie , Zhang Yunxia , Zhang Peng , Li Shijie , Cabral Pedro
Published: December 2024

Global warming by human activities have exacerbated the occurrence of extreme climatic events, which have taken a huge toll on human production and livelihoods. Predicting future changes in extreme wetness and dryness, along with the extent of cropland exposure to these conditions under various scenarios, is essential for effective climate adaptation and achieving sustainable development goals. This study employs the Standardised Antecedent Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SAPEI) method to identify extreme dryness and extreme wetness in China for future projections (2021–2100), and to analyse the characteristics of changes in the pixel‐day, intensity, and affected area by extreme dryness and wetness, as well as the cropland exposures to them under different shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). We find that the intensity and spatial extent of extreme dryness and wetness significantly increase in future climate projections, especially under high‐emission scenario compared to low‐emission scenario. Under the scenarios with increased emissions, the cropland exposure increased in most parts of China. Therefore, it is particularly urgent to keep the low‐emission scenario in order to minimise the cropland damage caused by extreme drought and wetness in China in the future.
Evaluating the use of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists in a matched cohort of kidney and liver transplant recipients
Authors: Baik Isabel , Jantz Arin , Poparad‐Stezar Adina , Venkat Deepak , Khoury Nadeen , Samaniego‐Picota Milagros , Gonzalez Humberto C. , Fitzmaurice Mary Grace
Published: December 2024

Background

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity are common among solid organ transplant recipients, but are associated with an increased risk of graft failure.

Aim

Although glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) are effective for managing both conditions in the general population, there is limited evidence regarding their use among transplant recipients.

Method

The effect of GLP‐1 RAs on post‐transplant glucose control (defined as haemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]) among 37 liver and kidney transplant patients was compared to a control cohort. Secondary outcomes included change in total daily insulin requirements and oral DM agents, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), weight, and body mass index (BMI). Adverse events attributed to GLP‐1 RAs, hypoglycaemia, incidence of pancreatitis, biopsy‐proven acute rejection, graft loss, and death were assessed. Ethical approval was granted by the Henry Ford Health Institutional Review Board (Reference no: 15959) and the study conforms with the US Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects.

Results

We observed that patients receiving GLP‐1 RAs had a median reduction in HbA1c of 0.5% and reduction in insulin and oral anti‐DM agents compared to the control group without GLP‐1 RAs. There were statistically significant reductions in both weight and BMI in the GLP‐1 RA group. Our observed incidence of adverse events was similar to previous literature. Unlike other smaller studies, a decline in eGFR was observed in the GLP‐1 RA group. There were no differences in incidence of biopsy‐proven acute rejection, graft loss, or death.

Conclusion

When compared to patients without GLP‐1 RA therapy, GLP‐1 RAs modestly reduced HbA1c and insulin requirements and statistically reduced weight/BMI review at 6 months. GLP‐1 RAs, even if initiated early post‐transplant, were seemingly safe and effective. Larger, prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of GLP‐1 RAs in this population.
Buforins: A Potential Antimicrobial Peptide Explored With Its Anticancer Efficacy‐A Review
Authors: Adhikari Surya Narayan Ratha , Jena Jitendra , Kar Sanjeeb Kumar , Singh Alka , Panigrahi Biman Kumar , Sarangi Manoj Kumar
Published: December 2024

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), derived from numerous life forms, is being recognised as favourable contenders in today's era to overcome the multi drug resistance of cancer cells. Despite of their diverse structural orientations (β‐sheet, α‐helical, loop and extended peptides), they are immensely involved in immune defences and potentially involved for combating cancers and other types of infections via cellular membrane depolarization. Buforins (Bf), the histone H2A derived AMPs along with their analogues (like Bf‐I, Bf‐II and Bf‐IIb) demonstrated substantial anticancer efficacy despite of numerous challenges. They are quite effective in controlling the apoptosis in various cancer cell lines like breast, HeLa, ovarian, lung, liver and prostate cancers. Bf conjugated with bioconjugates were explored for enhancing the bioavailability, drug resistance and stability of these super giants in cancer therapy. The functionalized nanoparticles could possibly help to overwhelm the shortcomings of AMPs, towards cancer therapy. However, the success of in vivo approach may lead to the clinical translation of such therapeutics. In this review, we emphasized on the characteristic features, mechanisms of action, numerous anticancer approaches of Bf. Further discussion was continued with the challenges and their overcoming, advancement and future directions of Bf towards their success in chemotherapy.
Pharmacokinetics of cefiderocol in a patient with carbapenem‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ventriculitis: A case report
Authors: Finch Natalie A. , Granillo Alejandro , Pouya Nazanin , Bhimraj Adarsh , Miller William R. , Tam Vincent H.
Published: December 2024

Objective

Cefiderocol is a novel antibiotic used to treat multidrug‐resistant bacterial infections. However, there is limited data on its effectiveness for ventriculitis. The objective of this study was to evaluate cefiderocol concentrations in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during the treatment of ventriculitis.

Method

A 54‐year‐old patient with carbapenem‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ventriculitis was given cefiderocol intravenously 2 g every 6 h (each dose administered over 3 h). Serial samples were obtained over a dosing interval at steady state, and cefiderocol concentrations in serum and CSF were assayed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Cefiderocol serum concentration‐time profile was characterized by a one‐compartment model with zero‐order input. Penetration into CSF was estimated as the CSF AUC/unbound serum AUC ratio.

Results

Observed total serum concentrations ranged between 24.6 and 76.7 mg/L, while CSF concentrations were approximately 10.0 mg/L. The AUC0–6 of the free drug in serum and CSF were 181.6 and 60.2 mg h/L, respectively.

Conclusion

We observed minimal fluctuation of cefiderocol concentrations in CSF, questioning the conventional reliance on CSF/serum area under the curve (AUC) ratio as a measure of CNS penetration. Our experience suggests that a single CSF concentration (random or trough) could be directly compared to the minimum inhibitory concentration, offering a potentially simpler approach to evaluate dosing adequacy.
LncRNA C7orf13 facilitates cell proliferation and metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma via targeting miR‐449c/miR‐28‐5p‐FMNL2 axis
Authors: Xie Peng , Zhang Yujie , Shang Jin , Yu Hanxu , Du Mingyu , Shu Jian , Wei Qiang , Zhu Zeyu , He Xia
Published: December 2024

This study was to determine the involvement of long non‐coding RNA C7orf13 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and its underlying mechanism. Real‐time quantitative PCR results indicated that C7orf13 was overexpressed in NPC and associated with malignant features. C7orf13 knockdown significantly suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of NPC cells. Furthermore, we found that C7orf13 sequestered miR‐449c and miR‐28‐5p in NPC cells by dual‐luciferase reporter assays and RNA immunoprecipitation analysis. Sequent experiments showed that C7orf13 has a positive relationship with formin‐like 2 (FMNL2) in NPC tissues. Moreover, C7orf13 knockdown weakened FMNL2‐mediated cell invasion and migration. Finally, functional experiments revealed that the positive effect of C7orf13 on cell migration and invasion was mediated by the miR‐449c/miR‐28‐5p‐FMNL2 axis. Generally, our study identifies the biological role of long non‐coding RNA C7orf13 in the malignant process of NPC, which may pave a new way for the diagnosis and treatment of NPC.