РАЗВИТИЕ МУЖСКОГО ГАМЕТОФИТА ИНТРОДУЦИРОВАННЫХ ВИДОВ ЕЛИ (Picea А. Dietr.) В ТАЁЖНОЙ ЗОНЕ (КАРЕЛИЯ)
Authors: Кищенко И.Т. , Тренин В.В. 
Published: February 2025

Исследования проводили в средней подзоне тайги (61° 47' с.ш., 34° 20' в.д.) в Ботаническом саду Петрозаводского госуни­верситета в течение двух вегетационных периодов. Объектами исследования служили аборигенный вид – ель европейская (Picea abies (L.) Karst. и два интродуцента – ель колючая форма голубая (Picea pungens Engelm. f. glauca Regel.) и ель сизая (Picea glauca (Moench). Выявлено, что общая схема мейоза в микроспороцитах у аборигенного и интродуцированных видов Picea в основном совпадает. Он начинается у всех изученных видов почти одновременно в начале мая. При этом у P. abies появление тетрад микроспор отмечается на 5-9 суток раньше, чем у интродуцентов. Онтогенез мужского гаметофита исследуемых видов длится 3-8 суток. Фаза пыления у P. abies и P. glauca начинается в конце мая − на неделю раньше, чем у P. pungens. Исследованиями установлена зависимость продолжительности и сроков прохождения всех этапов микроспоро- и микрогаметогенеза от температурного режима воздуха текущей вегетации. Установлено, что для полного развития пыльцевых зёрен P. abies и P. glauca необходима сумма положительных температур (˃ +5 °С) 250 ° С, а у P. pungens - 360° С. У всех изученных видов в процессе формирования пыльцы отклонений от нормы не выявлено.

Introduction. The quantity and quality of seed production are determined with the processes in the generative organs and with the degree of maturity of male and female gametophytes. A new species can be introduced only with the selection of the most adaptive to the new conditions individuals that have been grown from seeds of local introduction. The goal of the research is to make up a deficiency of knowledge on the terms of the stages of microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis of the introduced Picea (L.) species in the taiga zone (Northwest Russia, Republic of Karelia) as well as on the influence of the air temperature on these processes. Objects and methods of research. The research was carried out in the middle taiga (Botanical Garden of the Petrozavodsk State University, 61▫47 'N, 34▫20' E) during two growing periods. The objects of research were the native species, Picea abies (L.), and two introduced species, P. pungens (L.). and P. glauca (L.). The age and height of P. abies was 47 years and 16 m, respectively, P. pungens - 36 years and 12 m, P. glauca - 32 years and 6 m. The seeding is observed in all species. The meiosis and development of pollen were studied using the temporary squash preparations. Results. It was established that the pattern of meiosis in microsporocytes of native and studied introduced species of Picea, basically, coincided. In all of them, microsporogenesis begins almost at the same time (early May). Tetrads of microspores of the native species (P. abies) are released 5–9 days earlier in comparison with the introduced species. In all studied species, ontogenesis of male gametophyte lasts about 10 days. It was found that pollen release in P. abies and P. glauca began in late May, i.e. one week earlier than in P. pungens. Conclusion. It was determined that the duration and term of all stages of microspore- and microgametogenesis largely depended on the weather conditions of the current growing season. The complete development of pollen grains of P. abies and P. glauca ends with an increase in the sum of positive temperatures up to 250° C, P. pungens - up to 360° C . The deviations from the norm at all stages of pollen formation of introduced species were not found.