bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Environmental Protection-Related Media Coverage on Corporate Green Innovation
Authors: Cai Chuangneng , Fan Mengmeng , Dong Xuebing , Zhang Jie
Published: December 2024

Climate change and environmental pollution pose urgent global challenges that critically affect economic and social development. Corporate green innovation has emerged as a pivotal driver of coordinated environmental and economic progress. However, the existing research has predominantly focused on the effects of media coverage pertaining to corporations themselves in regard to corporate decisions, providing limited insight into the effects of media coverage on environmental protection. Thus, this study aims to investigate the governance effect of the media and its influence on corporate green innovation. Utilizing fixed-effect models, which involves analyzing data from various secondary sources, this study focused on Chinese manufacturing companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2008 to 2019. The results revealed that media coverage of environmental protection had a positive impact on corporate green innovation. In addition, this study found that industry turbulence enhanced the connection between media coverage of environmental protection and green innovation, whereas factor market development and managers’ overseas experience weakened this relationship. Recognizing the role that the media plays in promoting green innovation can empower companies to effectively address environmental challenges and contribute meaningfully to sustainable development.
Green Governance: How ESG Initiatives Drive Financial Performance in UK Firms?
Authors: Moussa Ahmed Saber , Elmarzouky Mahmoud , Shohaieb Doaa
Published: December 2024

In this research endeavor, we investigate the potential influence exerted by ESG performance on the market capitalization of non-financial corporations included within the UK FTSE All-Share Index during the eleven-year period spanning 2010 to 2021. Integrating insights from Resource-Based View and Stakeholder Theory, this research extends the literature by considering the moderating effect of governance on the ESG–market capitalization association. This study analyzes a comprehensive dataset of UK firms, employing robust econometric techniques to substantiate its conclusions. The results demonstrate a robust positive association between the overall ESG pillars and market capitalization. Environmental, social, and governance performances independently contribute to an increased market value. The analysis reveals that firms with superior internal governance structures, characterized by the presence of independent board members, board size, an independent audit committee, and the implementation of a split CEO–chair structure, experience a magnified positive impact from ESG disclosures on market capitalization. Effective governance mechanisms enhance the credibility and effectiveness of ESG initiatives, aligning them with stakeholder expectations and regulatory standards. This alignment fosters trust and cooperation, driving better financial performance and increasing market value. This research adds its voice to the increasingly compelling body of evidence that underscores the financial advantages associated with ESG integration and highlights the critical role of internal governance in amplifying these benefits. The findings have significant implications for policymakers, investors, and corporate managers. They advocate for the strategic incorporation of ESG criteria into corporate governance frameworks to achieve sustainable financial success.
Green Response: The Impact of Climate Risk Exposure on ESG Performance
Authors: Tang Yinjie , Gao Da , Zhou Xiaotian
Published: December 2024

Climate risk’s effects on society and economic development are becoming more pronounced, and enterprises have to seize the opportunity for green transformation. Based on public company data from 2011 to 2022, this study explores the causal relationship between climate risk exposure (CRE) and ESG performance by using a two-way fixed effect mode. The results indicate that CRE significantly enhances firms’ ESG performance, which makes improvements in environmental practices. The impact of the promotion is particularly pronounced in state-owned and low-polluting businesses. In addition, it can improve ESG through potential impact channels, such as employing environmental executives, improving environmental protection, and boosting green innovation. Meanwhile, the digital level and financing constraints of enterprises play an effective moderating role. Further discussion shows that the increase in CRE has prompted firms to fulfill environmental responsibilities and reduce carbon emissions. This study provides new quantitative evidence on how firms respond to climate risk, expanding the existing research on ESG performance. It further examines the specific impact path of climate risk on companies’ and green transformation and provides more firm-level insights for policymakers to address climate change. These results enrich the theoretical system of climate risk management and help enterprises strengthen awareness of climate risk to cope with sustainable development.
Sustainable Solutions for Metro Project Delays: Lean Practices for Enhanced Resource Efficiency and Cleaner Production
Authors: Gautam Lilesh , Sahu Vaishali , Singh Robin , Thiyagarajan Senthil Vadivel , Suseelan Ardra
Published: December 2024

Construction projects in metro areas often experience big delays, which make the projects take longer, cost more, and use resources less efficiently. Getting rid of these delays is necessary to make the project run more smoothly and waste less material, which is in line with the ideals of smarter production. This study’s goal is to find, examine, and rank the most important reasons that cause Indian metro projects to be late while also suggesting long-term answers that use lean methods. This study is needed because train projects are becoming more complicated, and people want more environmentally friendly building methods. A total of 38 people from the government, business, and other building sectors filled out an organized questionnaire poll that was used to collect data. To get a full picture of the delay factors, a quantitative approach was used. This included a Likert scale, ranking, percentage analysis, the relative importance index (RII), and SPSS analysis. These methods were picked to make sure that the delays were accurately measured and that answers could be put in order of importance. This study found 19 specific reasons for delay and put them into seven main groups. The results show that delays are mostly caused by links to utilities and other equipment outside the building. Lean methods, which focus on reducing waste and making the best use of resources, are suggested as good ways to cut down on these delays and encourage better production in metro building projects.
Stress Characteristics and Rock Burst Prediction of the Xuefeng Mountain No.1 Tunnel: On-Site and Numerical Investigations
Authors: Xiang Guo , Zhang Xiaohua , Wang Shengnian , Wu Sanyou , Pan Xinming , Xu Dehui
Published: December 2024

The risk level and disaster scale of rock bursts in deeply buried and highly stressed tunnels are commonly high, posing serious threats to their construction safety. This study employed a combination of on-site measurements and discrete-continuous coupled numerical simulations to analyze the geo-stress distribution characteristics of surrounding rock masses in the Xuefeng Mountain No.1 Tunnel. The evolution processes of rock burst failure in surrounding rock masses with different lithologies and buried at different depths were discussed. The risk of rock bursts along this long tunnel was predicted using the stress–strength ratio criterion and the energy method. The results showed that the principal stress values of surrounding rock masses in the Xuefeng Mountain No.1 Tunnel followed a distribution pattern of σx > σy > σz (where x, y, and z denoted the directions of tunnel cross-section and tunnel axis and the direction perpendicular to the ground), with average stress levels exceeding 20 MPa. It should be a typical tunnel dominated by horizontal tectonic stress. Stress concentration and elastic strain energy accumulation zones in this tunnel were mainly located at the bottom, and the largest displacements always occurred at the inverted arch. The main characteristics of rock burst failure in this tunnel included the sheet-like splitting of rock mass layers and the ejection of rock blocks. The risk evaluation of rock bursts across different sections of the tunnel, considering various rock types and buried depths, presented that these deeply buried slate and granite exhibited the highest risk level when assessed using the elastic strain energy index criterion. The comparative analysis between the elastic strain energy method and the stress–strength ratio criterion showed that the evaluation results obtained by the latter were more conservative. The findings of this study can provide a valuable reference for cognizing the geo-stress characteristics and predicting rock bursts in the surrounding rock masses of deep-buried and highly stressed tunnels.
A Study on Urban Traffic Congestion Pressure Based on CFD
Authors: Dong Sihui , Zhang Hangyu , Li Shiqun , Jia Ni , He Nan
Published: December 2024

With the rapid advancement of urbanization, the problem of traffic congestion in cities has become increasingly severe. Effectively managing traffic congestion is crucial for sustainable urban development. Previous studies have indicated that fluid dynamics theory can be applied to address flow problems in transportation, and this article aims to utilize CFD to solve congestion issues in urban road traffic. Firstly, a similarity analysis is conducted between fluids and traffic flow at the theoretical level. By converting parameters, the formula of fluid is derived into the formula of traffic flow, thus demonstrating the feasibility of using CFD in traffic flow research. On this basis, targeting recurrent congestion and non-recurrent congestion scenarios, 2D road fluid domains and constraints are constructed based on the common characteristics of each congestion type area. By using Fluent (2018) software to analyze the flow conditions under different congestion characteristics, the smoothness of fluid motion can be used to find out the problems causing traffic congestion and conduct an analysis to reveal the microscopic mechanism behind congestion formation. For different types of congestion, in order to clarify the effectiveness of congestion mitigation measures, the geometric design of road intersections and diversion measures are discussed in depth. The traffic pressure is analyzed by adjusting the vehicle inlet angle at intersections or controlling the vehicle flow speed. Finally, the optimal design scheme is obtained by comparative analysis. It is concluded that for the roundabout, it is optimal to change the entrance angle to 20°. For the on-ramp merging area, it is optimal to set the ramp entrance as a parallel ramp. For recurrent congestion, it is required to pass at an optimal speed of 30 km/h. Based on the theory of previous studies, this paper further proves that the congestion degree of traffic flow under specific assumptions can be expressed by the pressure of the fluid. It also provides new ideas for optimizing urban road design and solving vehicle traffic congestion problems.
Some Remarks on the Best Ulam Constant
Authors: Brzdęk Janusz
Published: December 2024

The problem of Ulam stability for equations can be stated in terms of how much the mappings satisfying the equations approximately (in a sense) differ from the exact solutions of these equations. One of the best known results in this area is the following: Let g be a mapping from a normed space V into a Banach space B. Let ξ≥0 and t≠1 be fixed real numbers and g:V→B satisfy the inequality ∥g(u+v)−g(u)−g(v)∥ ≤ξ(∥u∥t+∥v∥t) for u,v∈V∖{0}. Then, there exists a unique additive f:V→B fulfilling the inequality ∥g(u)−f(u)∥ ≤ξ|1−2t−1|−1∥u∥t for u∈V∖{0}. There arises a natural problem if the constant, on the right hand side of the latter inequality, is the best possible. It is known as the problem of the best Ulam constant. We discuss this problem, as well as several related issues, show possible generalizations of the existing results, and indicate open problems. To make this publication more accessible to a wider audience, we limit the related information, avoid advanced generalizations, and mainly focus only on the additive Cauchy equation f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y) and on the general linear difference equation xn+p=a1xn+p−1+…+apxn+bn (considered for sequences in a Banach space). In particular, we show that there is a significant symmetry between Ulam constants of several functional equations and of their inhomogeneous or radical forms. We hope that in this way we will stimulate further research in this area.
Enhancing Ontological Metamodel Creation Through Knowledge Extraction from Multidisciplinary Design and Optimization Frameworks
Authors: Karagoz Esma , Pinon Fischer Olivia J. , Mavris Dimitri N.
Published: December 2024

The design of complex aerospace systems requires a broad multidisciplinary knowledge base and an iterative approach to accommodate changes effectively. Engineering knowledge is commonly represented through engineering analyses and descriptive models with underlying semantics. While guidelines from systems engineering methodologies exist to guide the development of system models, creating a system model from scratch with every new application/system requires research into more adaptable and reusable modeling frameworks. In this context, this research demonstrates how a physics-based multidisciplinary analysis and optimization tool, SUAVE, can be leveraged to develop a system model. By leveraging the existing physics-based knowledge captured within SUAVE, the process benefits from the expertise embedded in the tool. To facilitate the systematic creation of the system model, an ontological metamodel is created in SysML. This metamodel is designed to capture the inner workings of the SUAVE tool, representing its concepts, relationships, and behaviors. By using this ontological metamodel as a modeling template, the process of creating the system model becomes more structured and organized. Overall, this research aims to streamline the process of building system models from scratch by leveraging existing knowledge and utilizing an ontological metamodel as a modeling template. This approach enhances formal knowledge representation and its consistency, and promotes reusability in multidisciplinary design problems.
Evaluating the Consumption of Local Products in Luxury Hotels
Authors: Santana-Talavera Agustín , González-Morales Olga
Published: December 2024

Hotels are key consumers of products; therefore, they could contribute to the sustainable development of local communities. This research analyses consumption of local primary sector products in four-star and five-star hotels in Tenerife (Spain). In-person questionnaires were completed over a non-probabilistic sample of hotels to collate data with respect to categories of foodstuff consumption. Two indices were designed to this effect, which enabled us to compare the results according to hotel category, occupancy rate, and zone and determine the specific weight of each product category. The study aims to offer a reference tool to local authorities for granting Corporate Social Responsibility awards to luxury hotels as an incentive. Although carried out in Tenerife (Spain), this study is applicable to any tourist destination.
Ecotoxicity of a Representative Urban Mixture of Rare Earth Elements to Hydra vulgaris
Authors: Auclair Joelle , André Chantale , Roubeau-Dumont Eva , Gagné François
Published: December 2024

Rare earth elements (REEs) are considered as emerging contaminants due to their use in the fabrication process of current technologies. As such, their aquatic toxicity, especially as a mixture, is not well understood, as it has been scarcely investigated. The purpose of this study was to shed light on the sublethal and lethal toxicity of a realistic mixture of five REE in Hydra vulgaris. The REE mixture was composed of five elements (Gd, Ce, Nd, Y and Dy, with a total REE concentration of 0.137 µg/L = 1× concentration) that were found in six municipal effluents in Canada at the same concentration ratios. The organisms were exposed to increasing concentrations (0.5, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100×) of the mixture for 96 h at 20 °C. The lethal and sublethal toxicities were evaluated by morphological changes and the gene expression (mRNA) involved in oxidative stress, damaged protein salvaging (autophagy for the reabsorption of damaged proteins), regeneration, neural activity and DNA repair of oxidatively damaged DNA. The data revealed that the total REE concentration of the environmental mixture was well below the lethal concentrations of the individual REEs, which occur generally at concentrations > 200 µg/L. This study proposes a novel gene transcription set to investigate the mode of action where gene expression changes occurred at concentrations below those reported in municipal effluents, suggesting long-term toxic effects in hydras close to municipal effluent discharges. This suggests that the release of REEs by municipal/hospital (for Gd) effluents should be more closely monitored.
Degradation of Cylindrospermopsin Spiked in Natural Water (Paranoá Lake, Brasília, Brazil) by Fenton Process: A Bench–Scale Study
Authors: Ferreira Matheus Almeida , Brandão Cristina Celia Silveira , Ginoris Yovanka Pérez
Published: December 2024

The frequency and intensity of harmful cyanobacterial blooms have increased in the last decades, posing a risk to public health since conventional water treatments do not effectively remove extracellular cyanotoxins. Consequently, advanced technologies such as the Fenton process are required to ensure water safety. The cyanotoxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN) demands special attention, as it is abundant in the extracellular fraction and has a high toxicological potential. Hence, this study aimed to assess the application of the Fenton process for the oxidation of CYN spiked in natural water from Paranoá Lake (Brasília, Brazil). The H2O2/Fe(II) molar ratio was evaluated from 0.2 to 3.4, with an optimum molar ratio of 0.4, achieving a CYN degradation efficiency of 97.8% when using 100 µM of H2O2 and 250 µM of Fe(II). The CYN degradation efficiency, using 75 µM of H2O2 and 187.5 µM of Fe(II), decreased by increasing the initial pH (from 96.2% at pH 2 to 23.0% at pH 9) and the initial CYN concentration (from 93.7% at 0.05 µM of CYN to 85.0% at 0.2 µM of CYN). At the optimum H2O2/Fe(II) molar ratio of 0.4, the hydroxy radical scavengers tested (124.3 µM C of algogenic organic matter, 5 mg L−1 of humic acid, and 513.3 µM of methanol) did not considerably affect the CYN degradation, reaching a maximum CYN degradation reduction from 98.3% to 82.2%.
Application of Pulsed Electric Field During Malting: Impact on Fusarium Species Growth and Mycotoxin Production
Authors: Prusova Nela , Karabin Marcel , Jelinek Lukas , Chrpova Jana , Ovesna Jaroslava , Svoboda Pavel , Dolezalova Tereza , Behner Adam , Hajslova Jana , Stranska Milena
Published: December 2024

The increasing contamination of cereals by micromycetes and mycotoxins during malting still poses an unresolved food safety problem. This study characterises the potential of the novel, rapidly developing food production technology of Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) to reduce the viability of Fusarium fungi and the production of mycotoxins during malting. Barley, artificially inoculated with four Fusarium species, was treated by PEF with two different intensities and then malted using a standard Pilsner-type technology. Concentrations of fungi were quantified by RT-PCR, expression of fungal growth-related genes was assessed using mRNA sequencing, and mycotoxin levels were analysed by U-HPLC-HRMS/MS. Despite the different trends for micromycetes and mycotoxins after application of variously intense PEF conditions, significant reductions were generally observed. The greatest decrease was for F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, where up to six fold lower levels were achieved for malts produced from the PEF-treated barley when compared to the control. For F. culmorum and F. graminearum, up to a two-fold reduction in the PEF-generated malts was observed. These reductions mostly correlated with a decrease in relevant mycotoxins, specifically type A trichothecenes.
Understanding Perceptions of Hepatitis C and Its Management Among People with Experience of Incarceration in Quebec, Canada: A Qualitative Study Guided by the Common Sense Self-Regulation Model
Authors: Mambro Andrea , Mortazhejri Sameh , Ortiz-Paredes David , Patey Andrea , Fontaine Guillaume , Dussault Camille , Cox Joseph , Grimshaw Jeremy M. , Presseau Justin , Kronfli Nadine
Published: December 2024

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) disproportionately affects certain sub-populations, including people with experience of incarceration (PWEI). Little is known about how perceptions of HCV and treatment have changed despite simplifications in testing and treatment in carceral settings. Nineteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with people living with or having a history of HCV infection released from Quebec provincial prison. Interviews were guided by the Common Sense Self-Regulation Model (CS-SRM) and aimed to explore cognitive and emotional representations of HCV and coping strategies. Among the 19 participants, seven (37%) were diagnosed with HCV in prison and 14 (74%) had previously received HCV treatment. Participants’ HCV illness perceptions were influenced by fear (of HCV transmission, death, and the well-being of family) and stigma (related to HCV, injection drug use, and incarceration). While some sought education and social and professional support, others self-isolated or engaged in high-risk behaviors to cope. Despite advances in HCV treatment, PWEI continue to experience various forms of stigma and fear surrounding their HCV diagnosis, resulting in delayed HCV care. These findings provide insights into how prison-based healthcare providers can better utilize HCV illness perceptions to evaluate willingness to engage in HCV care among PWEI.
Vaccination Promotion Strategies in the Elderly: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pereira Ana , Pinho Cláudia , Oliveira Adriana , Santos Rui , Felgueiras Miguel , Martins João P.
Published: December 2024

Background: The World Health Organization estimates that currently available vaccines prevent 2 to 3 million deaths worldwide each year. Preventing infectious diseases is an important public health priority to ensure healthy ageing and improve quality of life. This study’s aim is to identify the best strategies to increase vaccination coverage in the elderly. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out, including a bibliographic search in the PubMed and Scopus databases. Studies in older people (60 years or older) on any type of intervention aimed at increasing vaccination coverage were included. The effect of the intervention was measured using the odds ratio (OR). Results: After applying the selection criteria, 20 studies were identified: 17 on influenza vaccines and 3 on other vaccines. Educational strategies obtained an OR = 1.63 (95% CI: 1.22–2.19, I2 = 0.59). Medical counselling obtained an OR = 3.13 (95% CI: 0.60–16.37, I2 = 0.95). Writing strategies obtained an OR = 1.14 (95% CI: 0.99–1.32, I2 = 0.93). Few studies reported the effect of free vaccination. Conclusions: The educational strategies proved to be more effective than the others in this study. Free vaccination and age may have important roles. Further studies are needed as research in this area remains limited.
Receptor Binding Domain-Specific B Cell Memory Responses Among Individuals Vaccinated Against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Athavale Atharv , Gaur Anmol , Ahmed Nafees , Subramaniam Adarsh , Dandotiya Jyotsna , Raj Sneha , Upadhyay Santosh Kumar , Samal Sweety , Pandey Anil Kumar , Rai Ramesh Chandra , Awasthi Amit
Published: December 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic prompted unprecedented vaccine development efforts against SARS-CoV-2. India, which was one of the countries most impacted by COVID-19, developed its indigenous vaccine in addition to utilizing the ones developed by other countries. While antibody levels and neutralizing antibody titres are considered initial correlates of immune protection, long-term protection from the pathogen relies on memory B and T cells and their recall responses. In this regard, global research has primarily focused on mRNA-based vaccines. The studies on immune memory response, particularly B cell memory response induced by the vaccines given to Indians, remain relatively obscure. Methods: We assessed Receptor Binding Domain-specific memory B cells in the peripheral circulation and their ability to secrete antigen-specific antibodies among Indians vaccinated with Covaxin (BBV152), Covishield (AZD1222), Corbevax (BECOV2D), and Sputnik Light, as well as unvaccinated individuals. Results: Corbevax and Sputnik Light conferred better antibody-secreting cell (ASC) responses over time compared to other groups. Conclusions: These findings contribute to our understanding of vaccine-induced immune memory in the Indian population; providing insights that could inform future vaccine strategies.
Challenges of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Meningitis: Current Treatments and the Role of Glutathione as an Adjunct Therapy
Authors: Nasiri Mohammad J. , Lutfy Kabir , Venketaraman Vishwanath
Published: December 2024

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) poses a significant global health threat, especially when it involves the central nervous system (CNS). Tuberculous meningitis (TBM), a severe manifestation of TB, is linked to high mortality rates and long-term neurological complications, further exacerbated by drug resistance and immune evasion mechanisms employed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Although pulmonary TB remains the primary focus of research, MDR-TBM introduces unique challenges in diagnosis, treatment, and patient outcomes. The effectiveness of current treatments is frequently compromised by poor CNS penetration of anti-TB drugs and the necessity for prolonged therapy, which often involves considerable toxicity. This review explores the potential of cytokine-based adjunct immunotherapies for MDR-TBM, addressing the challenges of balancing pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signals within the CNS. A central focus is the prospective role of glutathione, not only in reducing oxidative stress but also in enhancing host immune defenses against Mtb’s immune evasion strategies. Furthermore, the development of vaccines aimed at upregulating glutathione synthesis in macrophages represents a promising strategy to bolster the immune response and improve treatment outcomes. By integrating glutathione and innovative vaccine approaches into MDR-TBM management, this review proposes a comprehensive strategy that targets Mtb directly while supporting immune modulation, with the potential to enhance patient outcomes and reduce treatment related adverse effects. We underscore the urgent need for further research into adjunctive therapies and immunomodulatory strategies to more effectively combat MDR-TBM.
An Inactivated West Nile Virus Vaccine Candidate Based on the Lineage 2 Strain
Authors: Vorovitch Mikhail F. , Tuchynskaya Ksenia K. , Kruglov Yuriy A. , Peunkov Nikita S. , Mostipanova Guzal F. , Kholodilov Ivan S. , Ivanova Alla L. , Fedina Maria P. , Gmyl Larissa V. , Morozkin Evgeny S. , Roev German V. , Karan Lyudmila S. , Karganova Galina G.
Published: December 2024

Background: West Nile virus (WNV) is a rapidly growing problem worldwide. The lack of emergency treatment and a safe licensed vaccine against WNV allows the virus to cause sporadic outbreaks of human disease, including fatal cases. Formalin-inactivated vaccines have been used for a long time and have been shown to be very safe and effective, especially in susceptible populations. Methods: By adapting tick-borne encephalitis vaccine production technology, we produced a laboratory-inactivated vaccine against WNV based on the strain SHUA, isolated from humans with a lethal WNV infection in the year 2021. Results: The potential vaccine was tested for safety in vitro and in vivo in outbred SHK mice of different ages, including PCR analysis of the brains of these mice to test for the absence of viral RNA after intracerebral injection. Conclusions: The inactivated whole-virion laboratory vaccine showed 100% seroconversion and immunogenicity against WNV strain SHUA-1, isolated from a lethal human case, and provided the mice with 100% protection from disease and death.
Flares and Predicting Factors of Flares in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Associated with Different Doses and Types of COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors: Louthrenoo Worawit , Tangkum Punsita , Kasitanon Nuntana , Gumtorntip Wanitcha , Winichakoon Poramed , Konsamun Supparat , Wongthanee Antika
Published: December 2024

Objectives: To compare disease activity and flares among different doses and types of COVID-19 vaccines in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Methods: SLE patients in a lupus cohort, who received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine (inactivated virus, adenovirus-vectored, or mRNA vaccines) between March and October 2022 joined this study. The data regarding disease activity and flares after each dose were reviewed and compared. Results: Two hundred and one SLE patients (524 total doses) were included in this study, with 201, 199, and 124 of them receiving 1, 2, and 3 doses of a vaccine, respectively, which comprised 183, 128, and 213 doses of inactivated virus, adenovirus-vectored, and mRNA vaccines, respectively. Regardless of vaccine dose or type, there were no significant changes in SLE disease activity pre- or post-vaccination. Flares were significantly more common after the 2nd and 3rd doses than after the 1st one (20.10% and 17.74% vs. 8.96%, p = 0.001, and p = 0.010, respectively), and after inactivated virus, adenovirus-vectored and mRNA vaccinations in 11.48%, 14.84%, and 17.84% of the patients (p = ns), respectively. However, the incidence rate of flares/100 patient-months was not different. The majority of flares were severe, with renal flares being the most frequent. Renal and mucocutaneous involvement and high SLE disease activity prior to the 1st vaccine dose were independent factors that predicted flares. Conclusions: Flares after COVID-19 vaccination were not uncommon. Most of the flares were severe, mainly due to renal flares. SLE patients should have stable low disease activity prior to receiving COVID-19 vaccine in order to avoid flares.
The Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization—Past, Present and Future
Authors: Marti Melanie , Nohynek Hanna , Duclos Philippe , O’Brien Katherine L. , Hombach Joachim
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: In November 1999, WHO established the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization as a multidisciplinary group of experts to provide high-level recommendations on vaccines and immunization. Methods: This review provides an overview of SAGE’s work in the past 25 years. It further outlines the processes and methods currently used by SAGE and highlights some of its major achievements. Results: SAGE’s global policies have driven action toward eradication, elimination and disease control and addressed the optimization of vaccination and immunization. In total, 27 major policy positions on vaccines/vaccine-preventable diseases have guided global public health. During times of epidemics and pandemics, interim recommendations issued by SAGE have responded iteratively in real-time to provide evidence-driven response policies. SAGE is an adaptive advisory group that has modified its procedures and working approaches to meet the evolving challenges in public health and stay up-to-date with evolving scientific and guideline development standards. Conclusions: Over the last quarter century, SAGE has significantly contributed to shaping the immunization landscape. It has achieved and maintained a high level of integrity and credibility. The advisory group continues to be an authority in global public health, and its recommendations have profound implications for the health of individuals and populations across the globe.
Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of a Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vectored Vaccine Against Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus and Heartland Bandavirus
Authors: Hicks Philip , Manzoni Tomaz B. , Westover Jonna B. , Petch Raegan J. , Roper Brianne , Gowen Brian B. , Bates Paul
Published: December 2024

Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a recently emerged tickborne virus in east Asia with over 18,000 confirmed cases. With a high case fatality ratio, SFTSV has been designated a high priority pathogen by the WHO and the NIAID. Despite this, there are currently no approved therapies or vaccines to treat or prevent SFTS. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) represents an FDA-approved vaccine platform that has been considered for numerous viruses due to its low sero-prevalence in humans, ease in genetic manipulation, and promiscuity in incorporating foreign glycoproteins into its virions. Methods: In this study, we developed a recombinant VSV (rVSV) expressing the SFTSV glycoproteins Gn/Gc (rVSV-SFTSV) and assessed its safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy in C57BL/6, Ifnar−/−, and AG129 mice. Results: We demonstrate that rVSV-SFTSV is safe when given to immunocompromised animals and is not neuropathogenic when injected intracranially into young immunocompetent mice. Immunization of wild type (C57BL/6) and Ifnar−/− mice with rVSV-SFTSV resulted in high levels of neutralizing antibodies and protection in a lethal SFTSV challenge model. Additionally, passive transfer of sera from immunized Ifnar−/− mice into naïve animals was protective when given pre- or post-exposure. Finally, we demonstrate that immunization with rVSV-SFTSV cross protects AG129 mice against challenge with the closely related Heartland bandavirus despite negligible neutralizing titers to the virus. Conclusions: Taken together, these data suggest that rVSV-SFTSV is a promising vaccine candidate for SFTSV and Heartland bandavirus with a favorable safety profile.
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection of Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells Causes Mitochondrial DNA Release and the Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome to Mediate Interleukin-1β Secretion
Authors: Bao Di , Yi Shushuai , Zhao Luobing , Zhao Han , Liu Jiuyuan , Wei Yiming , Hu Guixue , Liu Xinxin
Published: December 2024

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) induces enteritis and diarrhea in piglets. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contributes to virus-induced inflammatory responses; however, the involvement of inflammasomes in PEDV infection responses remains unclear. We investigated the mechanism underlying inflammasome-mediated interleukin (IL)-1β secretion during the PEDV infection of porcine intestinal epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells. IL-1β production and caspase-1 activity were assessed by quantitative PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. NLRP3 inflammasome activation was assessed using immunoprecipitation experiments. Mitochondrial damage was evaluated by analyzing the mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels and by the flow cytometry examination of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). Mitochondria and mtDNA localization were observed using immunofluorescence. The inhibition of mtROS and mtDNA production allowed NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β expression detection and the evaluation of the pathway underlying NLRP3 inflammasome activation in PEDV-infected IPEC-J2 cells. IPEC-J2 cells upregulated IL-1β upon PEDV infection, where mature IL-1β secretion depended on caspase-1 activity, triggered NLRP3 inflammasome expression and assembly, and caused mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to mtDNA release and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, while mtROS contributed to NF-κB pathway activation, enhancing IL-1β secretion. This is the first demonstration of the mechanism underlying mtDNA release and NLRP3 inflammasome activation facilitating IL-1β secretion from PEDV-infected IPEC-J2 cells. These data enhance our understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms triggered by PEDV.
Behavior Coding of Adolescent and Therapy Dog Interactions During a Social Stress Task
Authors: Dowling-Guyer Seana , Dabney Katie , Robertson Elizabeth A. R. , Mueller Megan K.
Published: December 2024

Youth mental health interventions incorporating trained therapy animals are increasingly popular, but more research is needed to understand the specific interactive behaviors between participants and therapy dogs. Understanding the role of these interactive behaviors is important for supporting both intervention efficacy and animal welfare and well-being. The goal of this study was to develop ethograms to assess interactive behaviors (including both affiliative and stress-related behaviors) of participants and therapy dogs during a social stress task, explore the relationship between human and dog behaviors, and assess how these behaviors may vary between experimental conditions with varying levels of physical contact with the therapy dog. Using video data from a previous experimental study (n = 50 human–therapy dog interactions, n = 25 control group), we successfully developed behavioral ethograms that could be used with a high degree of interrater reliability. Results indicated differences between experimental conditions in dog and human behaviors based on whether participants were interacting with a live or a stuffed dog, and whether they were allowed to touch the dog. These findings suggest that physically interacting with a live dog may be an important feature of these interventions, with participants demonstrating increased positive behaviors such as laughing and smiling in these conditions. Dog behaviors also varied based on whether they were in the touching/petting condition of the study which could indicate reactions to the session and has potential welfare implications for the dogs. Future research should focus on identifying specific patterns of interactive behaviors between dogs and humans that predict anxiolytic outcomes.
Short-Term Water Supply Forecasting for Water Treatment Plant Using Temporal Multi-Scale Features
Authors: Zhang Yang , Li Junjie , Sun Song , Li Gang , Yang Qiang , Sun Yisha , Wang Xiao , Xu Chuanyun
Published: December 2024

Forecasting the water supply of a water treatment plant is an important management and decision-making task in the water treatment system. Currently, most studies in this field do not consider the problems brought about by the time scale when selecting the input feature set. Therefore, this study explores how to select the relevant input feature set and model for the ultra-short-term water demand forecasting (UWDF) of water treatment plants from the perspective of time multi-scale features, in order to provide more accurate and effective water supply planning for water treatment plants. This study uses feature engineering to analyze the importance of relevant features affecting water supply, and compares and analyzes the predictive capabilities of seven deep learning models. The experimental results show that the time multi-scale features (TMFs) extracted from the historical water supply data play an important role in the prediction of ultra-short-term water supply, and the LSTM model performs better in the prediction task, with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 5.3530% and a goodness-of-fit (R2) of 0.9981. This study provides an effective method for intelligent operation and maintenance in the field of water treatment, and has broad application prospects.
Microplastics in Wastewater Treatment Plants: Characteristics, Occurrence and Removal Technologies
Authors: Bodzek Michał , Pohl Alina , Rosik-Dulewska Czesława
Published: December 2024

Pollution of the aquatic environment with microplastics has recently been recognised as a new environmental threat considering their negative impact on the ecosystem. Due to the low density and small particle size of microplastics, they are easily discharged into sewage systems and wastewater treatment plants. Thus, wastewater treatment plants are considered major sources of microplastic pollution in aquatic and terrestrial environments. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an in-depth understanding of the occurrence, behaviour, and fate of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants before they are discharged into natural water bodies. This paper comprehensively reviews the current state of knowledge on the characteristics and removal of microplastics in a series of wastewater treatment plants by comparing their removal efficiency in different unit processes, both during pretreatment, biological treatment, and tertiary treatment. The study found varying efficiencies in wastewater treatment technologies, with the first stage of treatment removing between 16.5 and 98.4% of microplastics, while during biological treatment the overall efficiency of microplastics removal ranges from 78.1 to 99.9% (membrane bioreactor). Nevertheless, given the large volumes of wastewater continuously discharged to receiving bodies, even tertiary treatment plants can be a significant source of microplastics in surface waters. The largest fraction of MPs removed in conventional wastewater treatment plants is trapped in the sludge. Among the critical treatment technologies, microplastic quantitative analysis showed that membrane bioreactors and filter-based treatment technologies have the highest microplastic removal efficiency. Based on a review of the existing literature, it was concluded that existing wastewater treatment plants are ineffective in removing microplastics completely, and there is a risk that they could be discharged into surrounding water sources.
Impact of Water-Induced Corrosion on the Structural Security of Transmission Line Steel Pile Poles
Authors: Bai Wansong , Li Lang , Yang Chun , Zhang Yahui , Song Dan , Lv Feng
Published: December 2024

In addressing the impact of corrosion on the structural integrity of steel transmission line poles, this study explores the variation in load-bearing capacity under water-related corrosion conditions using the finite element method. The analysis focuses on how corrosion at the base and cross-arm components of steel poles affects their mechanical performance and modal response. The investigation extends to evaluating the structural safety of steel poles under varying levels of water-induced corrosion, specifically considering combined wind load and broken-line load impacts through static equivalent analysis. The corrosion extent is quantified by the material mass loss rate, with material property degradation applied to simulate corrosion effects. Findings reveal that increased corrosion depth and length result in the concentration of stress and strain at affected areas, alongside decreased vibration frequencies, heightening resonance risk under wind loads. Furthermore, as the mass loss rate increases, maximum equivalent stress and elastic strain values rise significantly. This research provides a scientific basis for understanding water-related corrosion effects on steel transmission line poles, offering essential theoretical insights to enhance structural safety.
Catchment Attributes Influencing Performance of Global Streamflow Reanalysis
Authors: Ding Xinjun
Published: December 2024

Performance plays a critical role in the practical use of global streamflow reanalysis. This paper presents the combined use of random forest and the Shapley additive explanation to examine the mechanism by which catchment attributes influence the accuracy of streamflow estimates in reanalysis products. In particular, the reanalysis generated by the Global Flood Awareness System streamflow is validated by streamflow observations provided by the Catchment Attributes and MEteorology for Large-sample Studies dataset. Results highlight that with regard to the Kling–Gupta efficiency, the reanalysis surpasses mean flow benchmarks in 93% of catchments across the continental United States. In addition, twelve catchment attributes are identified as major controlling factors with spatial patterns categorized into five clusters. Topographic characteristics and climatic indices are also observed to exhibit pronounced influences. Streamflow reanalysis performs better in catchments with low precipitation seasonality and steep slopes or in wet catchments with a low frequency of precipitation events. The partial dependence plot slopes of most key attributes are consistent across the four seasons but the slopes’ magnitudes vary. Seasonal snow exhibits positive effects during snow melting from March to August and negative effects associated with snowpack accumulation from September to February. Catchments with very low precipitation seasonality (values less than −1) show strong seasonal variation in streamflow estimations, with negative effects from June to November and positive effects from December to May. Overall, this paper provides useful information for applications of global streamflow reanalysis and lays the groundwork for further research into understanding the seasonal effects of catchment attributes.
An Investigation into the Applicability of the SHUD Model for Streamflow Simulation Based on CMFD Meteorological Data in the Yellow River Source Region
Authors: Bu Tingwei , Wang Chan , Chen Hao , Meng Xianhong , Li Zhaoguo , Chen Yaling , Sheng Danrui , Zhao Chen
Published: December 2024

The simulator for hydrological unstructured domains (SHUD) is a cutting-edge, distributed hydrological model based on the finite volume method, representing the next generation of coupled surface–subsurface hydrological simulations. Its applicability in high-altitude, cold regions covered by snow and permafrost, such as the Yellow River source region, necessitates rigorous validation. This study employed the China Meteorological Forcing Dataset (CMFD) to simulate streamflow in the Yellow River source region from 2006 to 2018, comprehensively assessing the suitability of the SHUD model in this area. The SHUD model excels in simulating monthly streamflow in the Yellow River source region, while its performance at the daily scale is comparable to existing models. It demonstrated significantly better performance in the warm season compared to the cold season, particularly in the middle and lower reaches of the region. Distinct seasonal and regional differences were observed in simulation performance across sub-basins. However, the model encounters limitations when simulating the extensively distributed permafrost areas in the upstream region, primarily due to oversimplification of the permafrost thawing and freezing processes, which points the direction for future model improvements. Additionally, the model’s shortcomings in accurately simulating peak streamflow are closely related to uncertainties in calibration strategies and meteorological data inputs. Despite these limitations, the calibrated SHUD model meets the hydrological simulation needs of the Yellow River Source Region across various temporal scales, providing significant scientific reference for hydrological simulation and streamflow prediction in cold regions with snow and permafrost.