bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Los indígenas andinos peruanos y su camino desde la marginalización clasista hasta el activismo étnico
Authors: Posern-Zieliński Aleksander
Published: January 2020

The article was originally published without an abstract. Short description written by written by Michał Gilewski

The article relates the development of activism in indigenous Andean communities in Peru. Since the 90’s, the presence of the new type of leadership in indigenous communities, indigenous activists, have resulted in stopping the process of desintegration of their communities. Posern-Zieliński portrays the historical factors important in the indigenous movement. There were many threats - from the early XX century nationalism that opposed indigenous culture to the internal violence in 80’s Peru that was great threat to indigenous communities. This lead to the development of the movement from rural, “campesinos”, movement that now had become much more powerful. In the end, indigenous identity is now being reborn and some even speak about the reindianization of Peru.
Movimiento de la mujer en el contexto mestizo e indígena en el Ecuador de los años 90 del siglo XX
Authors: Śniadecka-Kotarska Magdalena
Published: January 2020

The article was originally published without an abstract. Short description by Michał Gilewski

The article describes the role women’s organizations in Ecuador in the 90’s in relation to the indigenous and mestizo cultures. Last decade of the 20th century saw a tremendous rise of the number of women organisations. The women organisations can be of various types: informal, religious, government, NGO’s and indigenous. This also relates to different background that women organization activists have – they can come from different classes, have different education and different identities. All this relates with diversity of their actions, functions and aims.
Perspectivismo, amor y agarras. Sentimientos, transformaciones y ethos en el cuento de Jerinti, del folclore matsigenka.
Authors: Świerk Kacper
Published: January 2020

The article was published without an abstract.
Situación actual de los Quichua del Napo y Curaray (Perú)
Authors: Stoińska-Kairska Iwona
Published: January 2020

The article was originally published without an abstract. Short description by Michał Gilewski

The article is describing the situations of the Quichua population of the Napo-Curaray river región, Loreto province, Peru. This is based on 2004 and 2005 field research conducted in 38 communities and whose aim was to create conservation plan for local indigenous communities. The article presents extensive overview of the economic, educational and other important socio-cultural factors (like the presence of the non-indigenous outsiders) that shape, influence and threaten the local ways of life.
Between the past and the present: the Ixil Maya and the discovery of rare mural paintings in Guatemala
Authors: Źrałka Jarosław , Radnicka Katarzyna
Published: January 2020

The Ixil Maya area is located in Quiche Department of the north-western part of the Guatemalan Highlands. It has witnessed a continuous occupation since the 1st millennium BC till today. This archaeologically interesting region has provided many important discoveries of rare cultural mixture, with distinct features typical for both Maya Highlands and more distant Lowlands. Recently, the scholarly interest has focused on Chajul where a few years ago, in one of the local houses, well preserved wall paintings dated to the Colonial period were exposed by the house owner during the process of its renovation. With this extraordinary finding a question emerged - are we able to confirm the cultural continuity between the pre-Columbian settlers and modem Ixil who claim «to be always here»? This paper presents a brief outline of the history of the Ixil Maya. It also presents results of some recent and preliminary studies conducted by Polish scholars in this region.
«Que en verdad no faltó el agua consagrada...». El agradecimiento después de las lluvias en Nepopualco, Estado de México?
Authors: Iwaniszewski Stanisław
Published: January 2020

Al terminarse la estación de la lluvia, los graniceros o trabajadores temporales viajan a sus templos para agradecer a los espíritus por todo lo que hicieron para los campesinos (buenas lluvias, protección de los cultivos). En los principios de noviembre participé en la ceremonia de agradecimiento encabezada por Don Lucio Campos Elizade, el famoso granicero de Nepopualco, Estado de Morelos. En este trabajo describo el ritual agregando algunos comentarios.
Professor Vanchakova Nina Pavlovna (To the 70-th anniversary)
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: January 2020

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Professor Alexandra Antonovna Valentinovich (Тo the 110th anniversary of birth)
Authors: Savenkova N. D.
Published: January 2020

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Uromodulin and kidneys
Authors: Khasun M. , Orlova S. A. , Kayukov I. G. , Galkina O. V. , Beresneva O. N. , Parastaeva M. M. , Kucher A. G. , Mosina N. V.
Published: January 2020

Uromodulin (UMO) is a multifunctional glycoprotein expressed in the epithelial cells of the thick ascending part of the loop of Henle. Currently a lot of data about mechanisms of biosynthesis, apical and basolateral transport of UMO, changes in urine and blood concentrations in different kidney compartments damage, roles of UMO in protecting kidneys from infections, maintaining mineral homeostasis, development of arterial hypertension and the participation of this glycoprotein in other physiological and pathological processes has been accumulated. The article discusses the clinical significance of UMO in the development and progression of chronic kidney disease, prognostic value of UMO urine and blood concentrations in terms of the risk of cardiovascular diseases and probability of acute kidney damage in patients with cardiovascular pathology. Briefly highlights issues of UMO gene mutation and development of autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease.
Features of the oxidative status in patients with lupus nephritis
Authors: Smirnova E. V. , Proskurnina E. V. , Krasnova T. N.
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND. Oxidative status impairment plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of SLE and lupus nephritis (LN). The data about oxidative status in this disease are incomplete, that’s why it’s necessary to use a new approach to study it. 

THE AIM: To study oxidative status in SLE patients with kidney involvement. 

PATIENTS AND METHODS:53 patients with SLE were included in this prospective study, among them 40 patients with different severity of kidney involvement, control group were 87 healthy donors. Oxidative stress parameters were measured: antioxidant activity (AOA) of blood plasma and parameters, characterizing the state of the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) – neutrophils, more specifically: specific spontaneous neutrophil activity, specific stimulated activity (peak and integral), coefficient of respiratory burst attenuation, representing the rate of free radical production decrease after stimulation, the higher the value of this parameter, the slower is free radical production decrease. 

RESULTS. It was shown elevation of neutrophil free radical-producing activity parameters and elevation of blood plasma AOA in patients with LN, comparing to healthy controls. Immunosuppressive therapy with glucocorticosteroids (GCS) and cytostatics (CS) increased blood plasma AOA comparing to monotherapy with GCS. A correlation between oxidative status impairment and intensity of inflammatory reactions was found: correlation of respiratory burst attenuation coefficient with blood sedimentation rate was shown. Reduction of spontaneous free radical-producing neutrophil activity was found in LN patients with NS, which might be the result of neutrophil functional activity attenuation in high disease activity. 

CONCLUSION. The increased free radical-producing neutrophil activity was shown, which might be the cause of oxidative stress in SLE with LN. It seems warranted investigation of these parameters in samples of larger volume to search targets aimed at neutrophils. The necessity of antioxidant therapy in patients with SLE seems doubtful, as they show significant increase of blood plasma AOA, which might result from compensatory reaction of human organism to oxidative stress and therapy with GCS and CS.
Screening of insulin resistance in patients with hemodialysis
Authors: Rumyantsev A. Sh. , Filinyuk P. Yu. , Korosteleva N. Yu. , Panina I. Yu.
Published: January 2020

Insulin resistance (IR) is defined as a violation of the biological response to stimulation of the heart, skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. The reasons for the formation of the syndrome are diverse, and clinical diagnosis is difficult since there is no generally accepted test available to determine it. For the diagnosis of IR directly and indirectly developed test groups. The complexity of their implementation in some cohorts of patients led to the development of a number of glycemic indices. However, no consensus has yet been reached on which one should be preferred. 

THE AIM: to compare IR screening methods in a cohort of hemodialysis patients. 

PATIENTS AND METHODS. 124 patients were examined, including 66 men and 58 women aged 57.6 ± 13.6 years, receiving HD treatment for 75.4 ± 44.5 months. For the screening of IR, the HOMA-1 and HOMA-2 glucose homeostasis model, QUICKI index, and triglycerides/glucose (TriH) were used. 

RESULTS. When conducting a nonparametric correlation analysis for fasting insulin plasma concentrations, statistically significant relationships were revealed only in men: with BMI (Rs = 0.258 p = 0.049), waist circumference to height ratio (Rs = 0.316 p = 0.015), and amount of dietary protein (Rs = 0.271 p = 0.039), systolic blood pressure (Rs = 0.308 p = 0.018), diastolic blood pressure (Rs = 0.290 p = 0.027), C-reactive protein level (Rs = 0.579 p = 0.0001). In women, no statistically significant correlations were found. The value of the Charlson index, as well as tobacco smoking, currently or in the history of the indicators of insulin resistance had no effect. According to the results of logistic regression analysis, the risk of developing clinical manifestations of atherosclerotic lesions of any vascular pool increased by 4.5 times (χ2 = 4.582 p = 0.032) with IR in the HOMA-1 model of more than 2.7 units, however, only in men. The relationship of other indicators of IR with atherosclerosis was not identified. 

CONCLUSION. A comparison of surrogate models of IR, from our point of view, allows us to distinguish HOMA-1 and HOMA-2. Probably, for the cross-sectional studies it is advisable to use the first of them, and for longitudinal – the second.
Sarcopenia is an actual problem in chronic kidney disease of the 5d stage
Authors: Lavrishcheva I. V. , Rumyantsev A. Sh. , Zakharov M. V. , Kulaeva N. N. , Somova V. M.
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND. The lack of data on the epidemiology of presarcopenia/sarcopenia leads to an underestimation of the role of this condition in the structure of morbidity and mortality of haemodialysis patients in theRussian Federation. 

THE AIM: to study the epidemiological aspects of presarcopenia /sarcopenia in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5d. 

PATIENTS AND METHODS. This study comprised 317 patients receiving programmed bicarbonate haemodialysis for 8.2 ± 5.1 years, among them 171 women and 146 men, the average age was 57.1 ± 11.3 years. The assessment of the presence of sarcopenia was performed using the method recommended by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. 

RESULTS. The prevalence of presarcopenia was 0.7 % and sarcopenia 29.6 %. The incidence of skeletal muscle mass deficiency according to muscle mass index (IMM) was 30.3 %, 48.7 % showed a decrease in muscle strength according to dynamometry, and low performance of skeletal muscles according to 6 minute walk test was determined in 42.8 %. Sarcopenia patients were significantly characterized by lower body mass index, as well as higher body fat mass values. The duration of haemodialysis (χ2 = 22.376, p = 0.0001) and the patient's age (χ2 = 10.545 p = 0.014) were an independent risk factors for the development of sarcopenia. 

CONCLUSION. Sarcopenia is recorded more frequently in hemodialysis patients than presarcopenia. Its prevalence increases among patients of older age groups and with a hemodialysis duration of more than 5 years. The age and experience of dialysis make their independent contribution to the development of this syndrome.
Several reasons for the development of proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Zverev Ya. F. , Rykunova A. Ya.
Published: January 2020

The review discusses some of the causes of proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome due to extrarenal mechanisms. Autoantibodies identified in recent years are involved in the violation of the selective permeability of the filtration barrier in membranous nephropathy. The direct relationship between the level of hyperglycemia and proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy is analyzed. The role of reactive oxygen species, end products of glycation, angiotensin II, transforming growth factor β-1, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of podocytes, Rho GTPases, intracellular signaling pathway mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade is emphasized. Particular attention is paid to the problem of searching and identifying circulating permeability factors in the pathogenesis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in patients with minimal changes and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: vascular permeability factor (VPF), vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), soluble hemopexin (Hpx) receptor-receptor-receptor type (suPAR), cardiotropin-like cytokine-1 (CLCF-1) and anti-CD40 antibodies. It is noted that the role of such factors is not in doubt today, however, from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine, this role needs serious confirmation by specially formulated criteria.
Publication of a scientific article in for an english-language journal. Part 3
Authors: Nevorotin A. I. , Awsiewitsch I. V. , Sukhanov I. M.
Published: January 2020

This article is the continuation of analysis and discussion from the book by Professor AI Nevorotin "Matrix phraseological collection: a manual for writing a scientific article in English". The Matrix phraseological collection is a kind of catalog of text samples. The samples were from articles selected from the leading English-language scientific journals and were systematized in such a way that when writing an article in English, a Russian researchers are able easy to find examples suitable for his/her own work. Furthermore, the selected samples can be transformed accordingly saving the semantic and syntactic relations between the elements and, finally, be inserted into the text. Part 3 of the book is devoted to a detailed analysis of the relevance of the scientific problem under consideration. Besides, a detailed fool description of the study goal is presented. Just this section finalizes of the chapter "Introduction". In the following rather big section, presents the optimal recommended way for the description of results.
The use of special knowledge in the detection and proof of tax crimes
Authors: Voronov Sergey , Golubyatnykov Sevir
Published: January 2020

The article presents the signs of the objective side of tax evasion, fees, insurance premiums; the typical ways of committing tax crimes are listed; features of application of various forms of use of special knowledge in the detection and proof of tax crimes.
Recognition as an unfair supplier — a measure of administrative responsibility
Authors: Zyryanov Sergey , Maraev Kirill
Published: January 2020

The authors attempt to determine the legal nature of the register of unfair suppliers. The analysis made it possible to identify its characteristics and signs indicating that the recognition of an unfair supplier is a measure of administrative responsibility, and the register of unfair suppliers acts as a security measure. Also, the researchers developed proposals to improve the legal means under consideration.
Implementation of the principle of differentiation of execution of punishment in the norms of criminal executive legislation Russian Federation
Authors: Kirillov Mikhail , Petryanin Alexey , Savelyev Vladimir
Published: January 2020

In this article, the authors analyze the implementation of the intersectoral principle of differentiation of punishment in the norms of the criminal Executive legislation of the Russian Federation.

The article analyzes the proposals and conclusions of scientists-penitentiaries on the application and implementation of intersectoral principle, however, the practice of implementing the principles in General, and the principle of differentiation of punishment in particular, remain today a key issue in the law enforcement activities of institutions and bodies of execution of punishment.

Serious disagreements arise within the norms of the Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation on the implementation of the principle of differentiating the execution of sentences for men sentenced to imprisonment, recognized as a particularly dangerous recidivism and serving their sentences in a special penal colony when transferring them from one condition to another. The same shortcomings can be seen in relation to women sentenced to imprisonment in penal colonies of the general regime, that is, the norms of the Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation do not correspond to intersectoral principles, contradict the achievement of the goals of criminal punishment.
Features of prevention of suicidal behavior of the persons performing the professional activity in the extreme environment (on the example of the American Armed forces)
Authors: Kobetc Peter , Il'in Igor'
Published: January 2020

The relevance of this work is due to the fact that at present the problem of suicide among persons engaged in their professional activities in an extreme environment, which include the military and law enforcement officials, is of great concern to the public and the leadership, the Armed forces and law enforcement agencies in different countries. Most of the previous studies have shown that suicide among the considered category of persons adversely affects the combat readiness of the unit and may even lead to a negative attitude in General to the service in the army or law enforcement. In this regard, the authors attempted to analyze the positive experience associated with the prevention of suicidal behavior in the US Armed forces. In the course of the research General scientific and special methods were applied, which allowed to draw reasoned conclusions. Studying the positive experience of suicide prevention in American servicemen, the authors came to the conclusion that the military and political leadership of the us Armed forces not only realized the importance of countering suicidal behavior, but also takes the necessary measures to minimize the phenomenon under consideration. The authors also note that currently in the Armed forces and law enforcement agencies should focus on the need for commanders and direct managers of mental health of soldiers and personnel, including to mitigate the effects of combat stress. The practical significance of the study is expressed in the possibility of using in our country the positive foreign experience in the prevention of mental disorders and suicidal behavior among specialists of dangerous professions. Due to the urgent need to reduce the psychotraumatic impact of negative factors on the group under consideration.
The foreign language, Big and Small culture, the truth of life are the key imperatives of successful vitality of contemporary establishment of higher learning in the MVD system
Authors: Il’in Yurij
Published: January 2020

Quite recently we have celebrated the 90th anniversary of the establishment of the Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Interior of the Russian Federation. The time has been very fruitful: it has trained a big number of professionals specializing in the fight against economic crimes. It has improved its material-and-educational status and it is still expanding.

The author reviews one of the latest trends of its development — international cooperation with colleagues from other countries. He emphasizes that knowledge of foreign languages is a key to success in this area.
Features of formation of the indictment on criminal cases of economic and corruption orientation
Authors: Zaycev Aleksey
Published: January 2020

The article deals with the problems of drawing up an indictment in criminal cases on the facts of economic and corruption crimes, analyzes the features of the indictment in criminal cases of this category of crimes, the requirements that it must meet.
About defects of application of measures of the increased legal responsibility to the special subject
Authors: Odinokova Anastasia
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the legislative and legal defects of the application of measures of increased legal responsibility to a special subject. The spheres of constitutional, electoral and civil regulation are analyzed. Conclusions on improvement of the current legislation in the field of application of measures of the increased legal responsibility to the special subject are drawn.
Pompeyo Magno y la Galia transalpina. La Guerra Sertoriana
Authors: Amela Valverde luis
Published: January 2020

Transalpinum bellum, bellum Vocontiorum o Alpinabella son los nombres que las fuentes (Cicerón, Lucano) dan a los hechos de ar-mas protagonizados por Cn. Pompeyo Magno (cos. I 70 a.C.) du-rante el año 77 a.C. en su transcurso por tierras galas en dirección a Hispania con motivo de su mando extraordinario contra Q. Sertorio (pr. 83 a.C.). Análisis de las distintas fuentes
Antonio Pío y los cristianos
Authors: Santos Yanguas Narciso
Published: January 2020

La documentación referida a las relaciones de dicho emperador con los cristianos resultan escasas y a veces ambiguas: a pesar de ello el Pastor de Hermas, el Diálogo con Trifón y la recopilación posterior de Eusebio de Cesarea nos permiten aproximarnos a dicha realidad.Aunque la separación entre judaísmo y cristianismo no sería completa, pues las obras mencionadas aluden al diálogo y confron-tación entre ambos, el contenido de la carta dirigida al koinón de Asia parece enlazar con el comportamiento formulado por Trajano como respuesta a Plinio el joven y refrendado posteriormente por Adriano.Esta actuación continuista no excluiría la existencia de acusa-ciones aisladas y puntuales contra algunos miembros de las comunidades cristianas en época de Antonino Pío, aunque no podamos cuantificar su número, siendo Policarpo el ejemplo más evidente.
Las Allegoriae Quaedam Sanctae Scripturae /CPL 1190) y el de Haeresibus (CPL 1201) de Isidoro de Sevilla traducidos
Authors: MartinIglesias José Carlos
Published: January 2020

Este artículo ofrece la traducción de la dos obras de Isidoro de Sevilla: las Allegoriae quaedam Sanctae Scripturae (CPL 1190) y el De haeresibus (CPL 1201). Las primeras son un tratado de exégesis bí-blica de carácter alegórico en las que su autor ofrece el sentido espi-ritual de los principales personajes de los dos Testamentos, tanto de personajes concretos (Adam, Eva, Noé, Abraham, los cuatro evan-gelistas, la Virgen María, etc.) como de personajes tipo (los sordos, los ciegos, los endemoniados, la viuda, etc.). El De haeresibus es un pequeño tratado de polémica religiosa en el que Isidoro distingue entre el cristiano ortodoxo, el mal cristiano, el hereje y el cismático, y presenta, a continuación, un selecto catálogo de las principales herejías surgidas en el seno de la Iglesia (49), así como de las más conocidas sectas judías (10) y las doctrinas filosóficas griegas más relevantes (6)
La construcción de la memoria colectiva de Castilla. El proceso pontificio, en el siglo XVi, para la canonización de los mártires de Cardeña del año 83
Authors: Calvo Gómez José Antonio
Published: January 2020

Este trabajo de inves-tigación histórica trata de establecer algunos criterios para interpretar uno de los conflictos más notorios de cuantos suscitó la convivencia entre el cristianismo y el islam a lo largo de la Edad Media en la Penín-sula Ibérica. A partir de los infor-mes que se redactaron, a lo largo del siglo XVI, para la causa de su canonización, este artículo analiza algunas leyendas bajomedievales y las interpretaciones historiográficas modernas sobre el martirio, el año 834, de los 200 benedictinos del monasterio de San Pedro de Cardeña, en Burgos
Profecía y martirio. La experiencia martirial de la iglesia en américa Latina a la luz de Ap 11,1-1
Authors: Fuentes Fuentes Jorge Alberto
Published: January 2020

Al tratar de compren-der adecuadamente el fenómeno de la persecución y del martirio en la Iglesia en América Latina, particular-mente en la segunda mitad del siglo XX, es necesario remitirse a las per-secuciones sufridas por los cristianos en los primeros siglos. Pero también hay que tomar en cuenta algunos ele-mentos característicos propios de la experiencia martirial en nuestros días. En este artículo se intenta poner en evidencia la relación de causa-lidad entre el profetismo, especial-mente la denuncia profética de las injusticias sociales, y la persecución y el martirio de los cristianos en Amé-rica Latina. Para lograr este objetivo, se parte del texto de Ap 11,1-13, un pasaje en el que el rol profético de la Iglesia y de sus mártires es presenta-do sobre el trasfondo del ministerio profético en Israel
La primacía de Dios en Caritas. Visibilizar el rostro de los que sufren la cultura del descart
Authors: García Maestro Juan Pablo
Published: January 2020

La Caritas del pre-sente y del futuro tiene el desafío de poner en el centro de su acti-vidad la “primacía de Dios”. Esta primacía redescubre el orden que existe, en relación estrechísima, entre fe, servicio, liturgia y evange-lización. El ejercicio de la caridad cristiana tiene como objetivo que los pobres salgan de su pobreza. La Caritas del futuro deberá visibi-lizar el rostro de los que sufren la cultura del descarte. Caritas está especializada en la acción caritativa-social, pero no releva de ese deber al resto de la comunidad
Paradigmas del uso de diversas traducciones en la Expositio de Tomás de Aquino a la Metaphysica de Aristóteles
Authors: Anchondo Pavón Sandra , Jiménez Torres Óscar
Published: January 2020

Los autores exponen ejemplos concretos del uso de Tomás de Aquino de diversas traducciones de la Metaphysica de Aristóteles (las alia littera) a lo largo de su respectivo Comentario con objeto de mostrar diferentes versiones en que se basaba el Aquinate, así como los casos en los que ciertos errores de traducción provocaron una interpretación forzada de Aquino respecto del texto aristotélico.
El provechoso Tratade de Villalón: bases para una edición crítica
Authors: Zorroza María Idoya
Published: January 2020

En el Provechoso tratado de cambios y contrataciones de mercaderes y reprobación de usura, Cristóbal de Villalón redacta uno de los pri-meros tratados de moral económica en castellano. De sus manos sa-len tres ediciones en 1541, 1542 y 1546, las dos últimas corregidas e incluso aumentadas. En los tres últimos años se han publicado dos ediciones actuales que han pretendido comunicar el texto actua-lizándolo para el lector contemporáneo, pero está pendiente una edición crítica que muestre las variantes y añadidos sucesivos, las fuentes de Villalón, y que respete las características léxicas y esti-lísticas del original para permitir estudios posteriores que aclaren el desarrollo de las tesis de moral económica y el desarrollo de su léxico propio en castellano
La mnemotecnia del estilo en las homilías sobre el Salmo 50 de Alfonso de Castro
Authors: Álvarez Alonso José Félix
Published: January 2020

La herejía luterana hace mella en Europa y precisamente el desconocimiento de la recta doctrina católica por parte no solo del pueblo español sino incluso del propio clero secular es un caldo de cultivo propicio para la extensión del error doctrinal. Frente a ello, predicadores de la talla de Alfonso de Castro buscan instruir a los fieles en los rudimentos de la moral católica si bien la transmisión de la misma, aun siendo importante, no lo es tanto como su fijación en la mente del receptor. El presente artículo trata de exponer la forma en que el predicador franciscano utiliza el estilo como medio para imprimir en la mente de su auditorio aquellas ideas que con-sidera esenciales
The effect of timing of oseltamivir chemoprophylaxis in controlling influenza B outbreaks in long-term care facilities in Manitoba, Canada, 2017-2018: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Singh Davinder , Jiang Depeng , Van Caeseele Paul , Loeppky Carla
Published: January 2020

A retrospective cohort study (n=8) was used to examine the effect of the timing of administration of oseltamivir chemoprophylaxis for the control of influenza B outbreaks
among residents in long-term care facilities in Manitoba, Canada during the 2017-2018 influenza season. Delay of oseltamivir chemoprophylaxis was associated with
increased odds of influenza-like illness in both univariate and multivariable analyses with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.34 (95% CI: 1.12-1.60) per day for influenza B.
Space as a New Category of Threats to National Security
Authors: BIELAWSKI Radosław
Published: January 2020

The scientific considerations presented in this paper concern threats to national security arising from the activity in outer space. The objective of this analysis is to identify these dangers and to propose solutions to minimize them. The theoretical research methods employed in this study are: synthesis, analysis, abstracting and generalization. In the course of the analysis, several modern threats were established, including anti-satellite and hypersonic weapons. Another important sphere discussed in the paper is the cyber security of satellite/communication devices and systems operating in space. With respect to satellite systems, the EA-18G Growler electronic warfare aircraft was presented as one of the concepts developed with the capability of disrupting their operation. The results from the conducted study emphasize the need to create a Space Domain Awareness (SDA) system, which is substantiated by the indication of natural threats that must beminimized, namely space debris, space weather and the possibility of collision with Near-Earth Objects. The presented considerations are concluded by the analysis of the legislative state regarding space security, which in reality accentuate the incompatibility of the existing laws with the emerging threats, and other issues concerning space law.
Nuclear weapons in an international security environment
Authors: ZAŁĘSKI Krzysztof
Published: January 2020

Nuclear weapons are a historically acknowledged factor of security development and maintenance of the strategical balance. Therefore, in spite of programs preventing its proliferation, most states having such weapons modernize and develop their nuclear arsenals, perceiving it as a sign of power and a guarantee of security. The methodology employed in this article critical analysis and synthesis of reliable sources from the scope of the area of research. The nature of the article is explanatory with elements of inference. This paper presents an evaluation of circumstances inducing a state to possess nuclear weapons, in consideration of both the positive and negative consequences of their possession. In the author’s view, studying this article should at least evoke a reflection on the development of nuclear weapons as a means of forming modern relations of security.
Linear electromagnetic accelerator
Authors: GHERMAN Laurian , GHICIUC Raluca
Published: January 2020

Over time, the weapons have been based on mechanical energy (bows, catapults) and chemical energy (guns, missiles), however, at the moment, more and more weapons are designed using electromagnetic energy (railgun, coilgun). The focus of this paper is to obtain the desired muzzle velocities of a projectile according to the existent current. In the first part of the paper, the railgun and coilgun design are presented along with their most important advantages. Based on these observations, a new design of an electromagnetic launch system is presented. Next, Maxwell interactive software package was used that applies the finite element method (FEM) to analyze and solve 3D electromagnetic field problems in order to analyze the variation of acceleration force, speed in time. All simulation data shows that this design has a great potential, because of the adaptability to different applications.
Military Law in the Republic of Poland
Authors: KAMIŃSKI Mariusz Antoni
Published: January 2020

The article presents an analysis of military law in the legal system of the Republic of Poland. On the one hand, it is a very specialized area of law, and on the other, it is a very extensive field regulated in several hundred national legal acts of varying importance (universally and internally binding), as well as by international law. The author attempts to organize the subject matter of military law and to specify its elements divided into subject-specific blocks. At the same time, in order to ensure a better understanding of the nature of military law, the article discusses the role of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland in times of peace, crisis, and war.The author used critical analysis of literature on legal science and security sciences, and source materials: mainly acts of universally binding law (the Constitution, acts, and regulations), as well as acts of internally binding law (instructions, ordinances, resolutions, decisions, guidelines, and agreements of various state authorities).
Ignorantia iuris nocet Principle in selected Polish legal regulations – outline of the problem
Authors: SZYŁKOWSKA Monika
Published: January 2020

This article presents reflection made in the field of Roman legal thought in selected Polish legal regulations with potential impact on the functioning of the individual. The universal form of the principle – regardless of the legal system – implies a potential threat to the functioning of the individual in the form of uncertainty. The purpose of this publication is to indicate the need to update legal regulations regarding the indicated matter – in particular – in the form of an obligatory examination for the courts of the statute of limitations in a situation where a natural person is a party to the proceedings. Accurate provisions of the Code of Administrative Procedure, Code of Civil Procedure and selected court sentences were presented. In the research process, was made extensive use of qualitative research methods, including in the form of analyses (e.g.: legal and institutional analysis, comparative analysis, system analysis and methods: analysis and logical construction), generalization and implication. In turn, among quantitative research methods, intensively was used statistical analysis and a diagnostic sounding survey. In addition to the literature analysis – important support of the research process was the examination of documents (including provisions of national law) and available sources of knowledge about the problems studied. The source material included both open access and published studies in specialist journals. At this stage of the research, have been analysed the applicable legal regulations and selected sentences of Polish Courts. The mentioned above, empirical methods included the following: a diagnostic sounding survey – conducted in the form of surveys using the CAWI technique. The empirical stage ofthe research also consisted in the assessment of the legal status. The cognitive and utilitarian premises of the problems are the implementation of the adopted hypothesis: Ignorantia iuris nocet Principle in connection with numerous amendments to regulations may have negative consequences for the functioning of the individual.
POLA PERLAWANAN KAUM ADAT DAN ULAMA DI KERINCI DALAM MENGHADAPI KOLONIALISME BELANDA
Authors: Mirdad Jamal , Nofrianti Mami
Published: January 2020

Masyarakat Kerinci sebelum kedatangan Belanda mempunyai dua pola kepmimpinan yaitu kaum adat dan ulama, mereka mempunyai peran signitifikan di tengah masyarakat Kerinci dalam menyusun serta menerapkan peraturan-peraturan yang ada. Kedatangan Kolonialisme ke Kerinci dianggap merusak struktur dan tatanan masyarakat, sehingga kaum adat dan ulama melakukan pergerakan anti penjajahan dengan berbagai bentuk dan pola perlawanan. Metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah metode kepustakaan (library research) dengan pendekatan deskriptif analisis, dengan temuan bahwa perlawanan kaum adat dipimpin oleh Depati Parbo dengan strategi bergerilya dan membangun benteng di berbagai tempat di wilayah kerinci dengan dibantu oleh depati yang lainnya. Komunikasi yang intens antar Depati dilakukan oleh kaum adat dalam membentuk pertahanan. Sedangkan perlawanan ulama dipimpin oleh H. Ismael di Pulau Tengah, perlawanan kaum ulama menggunakan justifikasi agama dengan menjadikan masjid Keramat sebagai poros utama dan pusat pergerakan perlawanan terhadap Belanda, strategi yang digunakan adalah perang secara terbuka dengan mendirikan benteng di berbagai titik di Pulau Tengah.
Institusionalisasi Politik Islam di Turki (Studi terhadap Kiprah Politik Erdogan dalam memperjuangkan Islam)
Authors: Syahadha Fadila
Published: January 2020

Artikel ini mengupas seputar penjelasan-penjelasan dan uraian-uraian tentang siapa sebenarnya Erdogan, serta perjalanan Erdogan hingga bisa mendapatkan julukan pemimpin Islam. Pertanyaan riset yang dibahas dalam artikel ini adalah apakah Erdogan adalah sosok pemimpin pejuang Islam? Terbaca dengan jelas  bahwa keyakinan terhadap Erdogan sebagai pemimpin di Turki menjadi sebuah harapan baru bagi dunia Islam yang sedang digerogoti oleh media massa. Pada masa yang sama beberapa kenyatan Erdogan yang melambangkan bahwa ia adalah adalah pendukung sekularisme membuuat khalayak bingung apakah dia adalah seorang pejuang Islam atau tidak, ditambah lagi Erdogan yang selalu dielu-elukan oleh sebagian umat Islam di Turki, membuat publik bertanya tentang kekayaan Erdogan yang luar biasa setelah tiga periode menjadi Perdana Menteri Turki. Erdogan Adalah Politisi yang berasal dari keluarga yang tidak kaya, dan sekarang kekayaannya luar biasa, dengan memanfaatkan kekuasaannya  Erdogan berhasil mengendalikan apapun yang ada di sekitarnya. Penulis melihat bila memang Erdogan adalah seorang pejuang Islam, ia harus membuktikan dan merealisasikan kebijakan-kebijakan, keputusan dan tindakan untuk mengembalikan Islam di Turki.
PERAN STRATEGIS PITI SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Nofra Doni Nofra , Kharisma Inggria
Published: January 2020

Indonesia merilis perbedaan istilah-istilah tersebut, yaitu Cina, China, Tionghoa dan Tiongkok. Cina adalah sebutan untuk orang yang berwarga negara Cina yang setara dengan orang Jepang, Malaysia, Singapura, Taiwan, dan Indonesia yang berarti warga negara asing. Kemudian China (dengan tambahan ‘h’) adalah penulisan resmi oleh Kedutaan Republik Rakyat Cina yang merujuk pada negara Republik Rakyat China (RRC) dalam bahasa Indonesia. Istilah Tionghoa adalah sebutan untuk orang-orang keturunan Cina di Indonesia yang sepadan dengan orang Jawa, Sunda, Madura, Batak, dan lain-lain. Sedangkan Tiongkok adalah penyebutan negara China untuk Indo-nesia. Dalam kaitan ini Presiden SBY pada 14 Maret 2014  mengubah istilah China dengan sebutan Tionghoa. Pencabutan surat edaran itu berdasarkan Keppres Nomor 12 Tahun 2014 yang ditandatanganinya.

Sejarah tentang Muslim Tonghoa di Sumatera Barat tidak dapat dipisahkan dari sejarah masuknya agama Islam ke wilayah Nusantara, Muslim Tionghoa merupakan salah satu komunitas masyarakat yang berada di Indonesia yang berasal dari Tionghoa. Sebutan Tionghoa merujuk kepada identitas masyarakat yang berasal dari kawasan Tiongkok.

Teori lain tentang keberadaan China di Padang adalah berasal dari Pariaman. Menurut Ernawati, dalam buku Asap Hio di Ranah Minang, bahwa komunitas Tionghoa di Sumatera Barat sudah berada di Pariaman sejak abad XII Masehi. Saat Aceh masuk ke Pariaman, kawasan ini menjadi surga bagi kaum pedagang di zaman itu.
SEJARAH MELANGUN SUKU ANAK DALAM DESA MENTAWAK KECAMATAN NALO TANTAN KEBUPATEN MERANGIN
Authors: Surya Pratama Fikri , Auliahadi Arki
Published: January 2020

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana sejarah  kehidupan melangun salah satu kelompok Suku Anak Dalam hingga menetap di Desa Mentawak Kecamatan Nalo Tantan, Kabupaten Merangin, Provinsi Jambi pada tahun 2011. Istilah melangun sendiri berasal dari nama adat istiadat Suku Anak Dalam, melangun didefenisikan sebagai kegiatan perpindahan tempat pemukiman kelompok Suku Anak Dalam dari suatu tempat ke tempat yang lain dengan alasan tertentu serta waktu perpindahan dan menetap sesuai mengikuti situasi dan kondisi kehidupan yang dihadapi kelompok tersebut selama kegiatan berlangsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelompok Suku Anak Dalam Desa Mentawak berasal dari Minangkabau, dengan kemiripan corak adat kebudayaan mereka, dekatnya dialek bahasa mereka yang merupakan dialek bahasa Melayu Minang, serta kesamaan mereka dalam sistem kekeluargaan yang dianut dimana Suku Anak Dalam menganut sistem matrilineal (garis keturunan dari ibu). Selain itu, berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan tetua kelompok Suku Anak Dalam Desa Mentawak sekaligus mantan tumenggung (kepala suku) mereka yakni Kitab, beliau menerangkan bahwa mereka adalah masyarakat yang melarikan diri dari konflik paderi dan penjajahan Belanda di Minangkabau. Mereka terus berpindah-pindah hingga akhirnya kelompok ini menetap di Desa Mentawak pada tahun 2011.
KONTENPLASI MASYARAKAT MUSLIM MELAYU PALEMBANG DALAM TANTANGAN EKONOMI GLOBAL
Authors: Ayu Erika Septiana Raden , Ayu Ritawati Raden
Published: January 2020

Along with the fast flow of change and the strong acculturation process of Palembang Malay Muslim community, Malay culture is like a ship that sails in the middle of a storm. This is based on the fact that our development places too much emphasis on material aspects that have given birth to an imbalance in the behavior patterns of the Palembang Malay Muslim community, which has increasingly been eroded by economic globalization. Excessive material competition has produced anomicous societies. The embodiment of the way the Palembang Malays behave is also reflected in their work ethic which can be roughly seen from the social structure and norms of the community. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which the global economy has the potential to obscure the Malay identity and the pure Muslim identity. The qualitative approach was chosen using the method of field research carried out in an effort to understand the symptoms in such a way as a phenomenon that is not external expressed through their views. The results of this study found the fact that enthusiasm and work ethic were actually not reflected in most Palembang Malay Muslim communities. Malay and Islamic relations actually obscure the role and competitiveness of the community in the practice of social relations and in earning a living. Religion is still considered as an element of local culture which is concentrated in the form of traditional customary behavior, not as a foothold, direction and way of life. Indeed religion serves to encourage humans to get involved in economic roles and behavior, because religion can reduce anxiety and fear not too found in this study. Where the aftereffect of this condition arises a generation that is deprived of values, a generation that is fragile from the spiritual aspect, easily influenced, not easily cared for and loses its cultural footing.
Historiografi Indonesia: Melacak Pengaruh Islam Sebelum Masa Kolonial
Authors: Hakim Lukmanul , Haif Abu
Published: January 2020

This paper aims to describe and analyze the influence of Islam on the historiography of Indonesia before the colonial period. The method used is a historical method using a historiographic approach. The influence of Islam on the historiography of Indonesia before independence is to give the color of Islam to the historiography of Indonesia, this can be seen by the stories that existed before Islam colored by Islam, the shape and pattern of Indonesian historiography were influenced by Arabic and Persian historiography. With the arrival of Islamic Indonesian Historiography, it developed in all aspects of society, from the palace level to the surau, hut, mosque, pesantren or the house of a cleric, whose authors were known as scholars and poets. Historical questions and historiographic functions after the arrival of Islam underwent a change, which previously questions about the past only revolve around the king and the structure of the story that is cultured to the king, with the coming of Islamic influence historical questions develop to the teachings of religion, scholars, Sufis and heroes-¬ hero of Islam. The role of reporting in the history of Indonesian history with the inclusion of Islam as an Islamic da'wah.
Implementación de modelo hidrológico para mejora de la operación de la Central Hidroeléctrica Baba
Authors: Campo José , Boada Mauricio
Published: January 2020

Con objeto de mejorar la regulación del embalse asociado a la Central Hidroeléctrica Baba y optimizar el aprovechamiento del recurso para la producción energética se desarrolló un modelo hidrológico que por primera vez se incorpora como insumo para la toma de decisiones en cuanto a su manejo.

Este documento motiva la elección del modelo TETIS y propone el desarrollo de una metodología para su implementación que permita obtener el pronóstico de caudales en la cuenca aportante al embalse de la Central Hidroeléctrica Baba. La metodología planteada es reproducible en otras cuencas del Ecuador al haberse desarrollado en función de datos topográficos y de usos y tipos de suelo disponibles a nivel nacional.

Motivado por el objeto del modelo de optimizar la producción energética en la central Baba se ha desarrollado con una escala temporal horaria, teniendo en cuenta los datos de origen y para mantener tiempos de computación razonables la escala espacial elegida ha sido de 200 metros de tamaño de celda. Con coeficiente de eficiencia para calibración de 0,9014 y para validación de 0,5538 y 0,6692 se puede considerar la fiabilidad del modelo como buena.

Otra funcionalidad del modelo será la gestión de riesgos aguas abajo por avenida, anticipando la llegada de altos caudales y haciendo posible una alerta más temprana mediante su incorporación en Sistemas de Alerta Temprana y Sistemas de Ayuda a la Decisión.