bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward Simple Representative Mathematical Models of Naturalistic Decision Making Through Fast-and-Frugal Heuristics
Authors: Canellas Marc C. , Feigh Karen M.
Published: July 2016

Naturalistic decision making (NDM) describes how people make decisions with time pressure and other complexities in familiar and meaningful environments. The complexities of NDM, although essential for a thorough understanding of experts, have limited the use of NDM in decision support system (DSS) design and decision analysis. There have been attempts to computationally model NDM theories; however, to do so has required significant programming skill, resulting in opaque models while still leaving significant portions of the theories unrepresented. To provide a path toward simple, representative, mathematical models of NDM, we present a general mathematical form that can model most of the components of the judgment and decision-making strategies from the fast-and-frugal heuristics (FFH) program. As a case study, the NDM quick test process was transformed into representative FFH components and then into mathematical form. The results show that the quick test process is similar to the FFH strategy tallying, which itself is a type of fast-and-frugal tree. Although the mathematical form does not capture all the cognitive processes at work, it does provide a simple, representative form for use in DSS design and decision analysis. Moreover, the model’s basis in the extensive human-subjects, mathematical, and computational analyses completed by the FFH program provides another method for integrating FFH and NDM by providing (a) a framework for generating constructive questions about how NDM theories account for FFH components; (b) a basis for prescriptive NDM decision support tools that are easy to communicate, understand, and apply; and (c) a method for approximating experience, expertise, and time pressure.
Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing the Efficacy of Surgical Preparation Solutions in Hand Surgery
Authors: Xu Peter Z. , Fowler John R. , Goitz Robert J.
Published: July 2016

Background: Decontamination of the skin prior to incision is part of the standard of care for any surgical procedure. Previous studies have demonstrated variable efficacy of different surgical preparation solutions based on anatomic location. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of 3 commonly used surgical preparation solutions in eliminating bacteria from the skin prior to incision for common elective soft tissue hand procedures. Methods: A total of 240 patients undergoing clean, elective, soft tissue hand surgery were prospectively randomized to 1 of 3 groups (ChloraPrep, DuraPrep, or Betadine). Prepreparation and postpreparation cultures were obtained adjacent to the surgical incision and neutralization was performed on the obtained specimen. Cultures were held for 14 days and patients followed for 6 weeks postoperatively. Results: Postpreparation cultures were positive in 21 of 80 (26.3%) ChloraPrep patients, 3 of 79 (3.8%) DuraPrep patients, and 1 of 81 (1.2%) Betadine patients ( P < .001). There was no difference in the postpreparation culture rate between DuraPrep and Betadine ( P = 1.000). Conclusions: Duraprep and Betadine were found to be superior to Chloraprep for skin decontamination prior to clean elective soft tissue hand surgery. The bacterial flora of the hand was found to be different from those of the shoulder and spine. The clinical significance of this finding requires clinical consideration because the majority of prepreparation and postpreparation positive cultures were of Bacillus species, which are rarely a cause of postoperative infections.
Sociological Aesthetics of Law
Authors: Fischer-Lescano Andreas
Published: July 2016

Aesthetic theory has the potential to develop a sensorium for the rational and arational forces of law. But the aesthetic knowledge of law is underdeveloped. That is why this article proposes a self-reflective sociological aesthetics of law that is capable of acknowledging human and social forces. The article unfolds its argument in three steps: first, it outlines the main approaches in the field of “law and aesthetics”; second, it connects these approaches in legal aesthetics with sociological and philosophical discussions on aesthetics; and, third, it suggests what distinctive contributions such a connection could make to jurisprudence and legal practice.
System identification and multi-fault isolation for a hydraulic drive with pump loading
Authors: Ghoshal Sanjoy K , Paul Sarnendu , Samanta Subrata , Tripathi Jay P
Published: July 2016

In this article, a least square optimization method for multi-fault detection and isolation has been revisited and validated through simulation and experimentation on a pedagogical hydrostatic transmission system. A nonlinear regression analysis has been made on the state equations, obtained from bond graph model of the system, to estimate the unknown parameters as a part of system identification. The model, assigned with the estimated and some known parameters, was then validated with the responses from the test rig. The rig was designed to impose faults (one at a time and/or simultaneously) in different components for the purpose of experimental validation of multi-fault detection and isolation. The model-based fault isolation was done using structural analysis of some constraint relations called analytical redundancy relations, the numerical evaluation of which is residuals. The robustness in fault isolation was addressed through linear fractional transformation approach to ensure residuals bounded within adaptive threshold under no fault situation. Finally, the isolated faulty parameters were estimated through particle swarm optimization algorithm for fault sizing. This article is directed towards corroboration of the existing fault isolation methodologies through experimentation on a power hydraulic circuit.
The two-way flow of news: A comparative study of American and Chinese newspaper coverage of Beijing’s air pollution
Authors: Duan Ran , Takahashi Bruno
Published: July 2016

This study compares newspaper coverage of Beijing’s air pollution in China and the United States (2008–2013). There are two aims: (a) to systematically compare how such a local environmental crisis has been reported across the two countries, and (b) to explore how the news coverage were produced under the influences of social systems and news flows between the two countries. Based on the hierarchy of influence theory, the content analysis reveals that US media covered the issue earlier, having more topics ‘politicizing’ the pollution, using more negative complaints as overall themes of the news articles, more US sources, and a noticeable number of Chinese NGO sources. By comparison, Chinese media reported pollution with more Chinese sources, more self-legitimizing overall themes in which topics regarding strategies and solutions of the pollution were emphasized; it also covered the issue with mild self-criticism. The results contribute to the literature of comparative media analysis between China and the US as well as the hierarchy of influence model by suggesting a two-way flow of news between the two countries.
Myocardial infarction in intensive care units: A systematic review of diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Carroll Iain , Mount Thomas , Atkinson Dougal
Published: July 2016

Introduction

Patients in the intensive care unit are vulnerable to myocardial injury from a variety of causes, both ischaemic and non-ischaemic. It is challenging for ICU clinicians to apply the conventional guidance concerning diagnosis and treatment. We conducted this review to examine the evidence concerning diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction in the ICU.

Methods

A systematic review was performed to identify relevant studies.

Results

19 studies concerning use of ECG, cardiac enzymes, echocardiography and angiography were identified. 4 studies considered treatment of myocardial infarction.

Conclusions

Regular 12 lead ECG or 12 lead ECG monitoring is more sensitive than 2 lead monitoring, regular measurement of cardiac enzymes is more sensitive than when provoked by symptoms. Coronary angiography rarely identifies treatable lesions, without regional wall motion abnormality on echocardiography. Evidence relating to treatment was limited. A potential strategy to diagnose myocardial infarctions in the ICU is proposed.
Defining Rural in Gifted Education Research
Authors: Kettler Todd , Puryear Jeb S. , Mullet Dianna R.
Published: July 2016

Definitions of rurality in education research are inconsistent, making generalization across studies difficult at best. We review published research in rural education between 2005 and 2015 ( n = 17) and characterize the way each defined rural. A common technique for classifying rural schools is the National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES) locale code. We argue that the NCES locale codes fall short of most conceptual understandings of rural. We recommend a school size filter to address the mismatch between the NCES codes and conceptual understandings of rurality. We compare non-rural districts with rural districts using NCES codes for grouping with and without the school size filter. Observed effects vary depending on whether the school size filter was used. We argue that the school size filter along with NCES codes better captures the concept of rural education and could improve research design and generalization across studies involving rural schools.
Classroom-Based Strategies for Advanced Learners in Rural Settings
Authors: VanTassel-Baska Joyce , Hubbard Gail Fischer
Published: July 2016

This article focuses on the educational needs of rural gifted students in respect to their geographic isolation from challenge in the programs, services, and curriculum they receive in typical school settings. After a brief review of the relevant literature, it delineates the components and features of cognitive and metacognitive strategies found to be effective with rural learners who exhibit advanced abilities in one or more domains of learning. The interventions are discussed at two levels: (a) at the school level where educators may offer effective services and (b) at the classroom level where teachers may employ differentiated strategies. The article concludes with implications for the professional development of teachers in rural settings.
Idiopathic Toe Walking
Authors: Pomarino David , Ramírez Llamas Juliana , Pomarino Andrea
Published: July 2016

Current literature is inconsistent concerning the causes and the frequency of idiopathic toe walking (ITW). Available studies vary widely in their results. The aim of this study is to supply gender-related data particularly regarding the genetic influence on toe walking. Methods. The ITW patterns of 836 children were recorded and analyzed during a period of 4 years. Questionnaires and clinical measurements were evaluated along with clinical tests, assessing the occurrence and severity of toe walking. Information about the incidence of toe-walkers in the family was recorded. Results. Of the 836 toe-walkers, 64% were boys and 42% had a positive family history (PF-TW). About 60% of the PF-TW children had fathers with a positive toe-walking pattern. PF-TW children were on average half a year younger than children with a negative family predisposition (NF-TW). Conclusions. This study shows that a genetic component might be factor in toe walking. PF-TW children were more severely affected in all performed clinical tests than NF-TW children.

Levels of Evidence: Prognostic, Level IV
Subtalar Distraction Arthrodesis with Fresh Frozen Femoral Neck Allograft
Authors: Monaco Spencer J. , Brandao Roberto A. , Manway Jeffrey M. , Burns Patrick R.
Published: July 2016

Subtalar joint distraction arthrodesis has been well reported with use of structural iliac crest or local autologous bone graft for malunited calcaneal fractures. Early reports for structural allograft did not yield good, consistent results, leading to a subsequent lack of recommendation in previous literature. Newer studies have had promising results utilizing femoral allograft as an alternative to autogenous bone graft. We performed a retrospective chart review on 10 patients (12 feet) undergoing subtalar joint distraction arthrodesis with femoral neck allograft for malunited calcaneal fractures. The primary aim of this study was to report on successful union rates and, in addition, outline any consistent complications. Twelve of the 12 procedures (100%) yielded successful fusion with a mean final follow-up of 7.7 months (range = 2.2-35.1 months). The mean increase in talocalcaneal height was 4 mm (range = 2-6 mm). The overall complication rate was 16.6%, including one superficial wound complication that healed uneventfully and one hardware removal. In conclusion, the current study reports a 100% successful fusion rate with interpositional structural femoral neck allograft in treatment for malunited calcaneal fractures.

Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case series
Volume-based Interval Training Program for Elite Tennis Players
Authors: Myers Natalie L. , Sciascia Aaron D. , Kibler W. Ben , Uhl Tim L.
Published: July 2016

Background:

A sport-specific conditioning program can help tennis players train for competition or return to play from injury. This study determined the actual tennis serve volume in elite play and used these data to construct an interval training program based on stroke volume.

Hypothesis:

There will be no differences in serve volume between male and female tennis players at the professional and junior levels.

Study Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Methods:

Game day statistic scorecards were provided to the research team from the 2013 and 2014 United States Open and the 2014 Metropolia Orange Bowl International Tennis Championships. Serve volume data for both male and female players were extracted from the scorecards. Data included serves per match and per set. These data were used to construct a sport-specific tennis program to meet the demands of the serve.

Results:

Professional male players serve 63 more serves per match than junior male players because of the greater number of sets played ( P < 0.01). Professional female players serve 10 more serves per match than junior female players playing the same number of sets ( P = 0.01). All male players hit 2 more total serves per set than all female players ( P < 0.01). Regardless of sex, professional players serve 4 more serves per set than junior players ( P < 0.01). The typical number of serves per set was 40 in elite-level tennis players, resulting in a 3:1 ratio of first to second serves.

Conclusion:

These data establish the “unit dose” of serves per match and/or per set for each group.

Clinical Relevance:

Coaches and health care providers may use these data in estimating loads per tournament/season and to prepare tennis athletes for individual competition and/or as they return to play after an injury.
Assessing Emotional Vocalizations From Cultural In-Group and Out-Group Depends on Oxytocin
Authors: De Dreu Carsten K. W. , Kret Mariska E. , Sauter Disa A.
Published: July 2016

Group-living animals, humans included, produce vocalizations like screams, growls, laughs, and victory calls. Accurately decoding such emotional vocalizations serves both individual and group functioning, suggesting that (i) vocalizations from in-group members may be privileged, in terms of speed and accuracy of processing, and (ii) such processing may depend on evolutionary ancient neural circuitries that sustain and enable cooperation with and protection of the in-group against outside threat. Here, we examined this possibility and focused on the neuropeptide oxytocin. Dutch participants self-administered oxytocin or placebo (double-blind, placebo-controlled study design) and responded to emotional vocalizations produced by cultural in-group members (Native Dutch) and cultural out-group members (Namibian Himba). In-group vocalizations were recognized faster and more accurately than out-group vocalizations, and oxytocin enhanced accurate decoding of specific vocalizations from one’s cultural out-group—triumph and anger. We discuss possible explanations and suggest avenues for new research.
Recent developments in the management of invasive fungal infections in patients with oncohematological diseases
Authors: Ruhnke Markus , Schwartz Stefan
Published: July 2016

Patients with hematological cancer have a high risk of invasive fungal diseases (IFDs). These infections are mostly life threatening and an early diagnosis and initiation of appropriate antifungal therapy are essential for the clinical outcome. Most commonly, Aspergillus and Candida species are involved. However, other non- Aspergillus molds are increasingly be identified in cases of documented IFDs. Important risk factors are long lasting granulocytopenia with neutrophil counts below 500/μl for more than 10 days or graft- versus-host disease resulting from allogeneic stem-cell transplantation. For definite diagnosis of IFD, various diagnostic tools have to be applied, including conventional mycological culture and nonconventional microbiological tests such as antibody/antigen and molecular tests, as well as histopathology and radiology. In the last few years, various laboratory methods, like the Aspergillus GM immunoassay ( Aspergillus GM EIA), 1,3-ß-D-glucan (BG) assay or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques have been developed for better diagnosis. Since no single indirect test, including radiological methods, provides the definite diagnosis of an invasive fungal infection, the combination of different diagnostic procedures, which include microbiological cultures, histological, serological and molecular methods like PCR together with the pattern of clinical presentation, may currently be the best strategy for the prompt diagnosis, initiation and monitoring of IFDs. Early start of antifungal therapy is mandatory, but clinical diagnostics often do not provide clear evidence of IFD. Integrated care pathways have been proposed for management and therapy of IFDs with either the diagnostic driven strategy using the preemptive antifungal therapy as opposed to the clinical or empirical driven strategy using the ‘traditional’ empirical antifungal therapy. Antifungal agents preferentially used for systemic therapy of invasive fungal infections are amphotericin B preparations, fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, caspofungin, anidulafungin, micafungin, and most recently isavuconazole. Clinical decision making must consider licensing status, local experience and availability, pharmacological and economic aspects.
Validation of a tool predicting important findings on computed tomography among Crohn’s disease patients
Authors: Govani Shail M , Waljee Akbar K , Kocher Keith E , Swoger Jason M , Saul Melissa , Higgins Peter DR
Published: July 2016

Background

Patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) are frequently subjected to computed tomography (CT) in the emergency department (ED). This young population is at higher risk of malignancy from radiation exposure.

Objectives

We aimed to validate a decision tool predicting complications (perforation, abscess or other serious finding) on imaging at two sites.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of CT outcomes among patients with CD with ED visits at two tertiary care centers. Inclusion criteria were a CT of the abdomen/pelvis with contrast and complete lab data (erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C‐reactive protein (CRP)) within 24 hours of arrival at the University of Michigan (UM) (2012–2013) and the University of Pittsburgh (UPMC) (2009–2012). Sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV), miss rate and CT avoidance rate were calculated.

Results

At UPMC (n  = 210), the tool had a sensitivity of 88.9% and NPV of 98.0%, potentially saving 47.1% from CT with a miss rate of 1.0%. At UM (n  = 248), the tool had a sensitivity of 90.9% and NPV of 96.0%, saving 40.3% from CT with a miss rate of 1.6%.

Conclusion

A decision tool using CRP and ESR predicting CT outcomes among CD patients performed well in an external validation, allowing providers to forgo CT use with a low miss rate.
The role of general practitioners in medical school admission interview panels in the UK (2012–2014): a national survey
Authors: Rashid Mohammed Ahmed , Benson John
Published: July 2016

Objective

Recent primary care workforce pressures in the UK have prompted national reviews. Recommendations to increase the proportion of medical students entering general practice have led to interest in the role of medical schools in career choices. This study sought to identify the career backgrounds of admissions leads at UK medical schools and the proportion of general practitioners on admission interview panels.

Design

A national survey using a proforma circulated to all UK medical school admission leads via the Medical Schools Council.

Setting

UK medical schools.

Participants

UK medical schools.

Main outcome measures

Prevalence of assessment lead and panel members' professional groups.

Results

Responses were received from 18 (54.5%) of the 33 UK medical schools. General practitioners led the admissions process in 2 (11%) of these. Fifteen schools were able to furnish detailed data about interview panel composition, having held a combined total of 876 distinct interview panels during the 2012–2013 and 2013–2014 admission years; 683 panels (78%) included a secondary care physician, but only 261 panels (29.8%) included general practitioners. General practitioner representation ranged from 3.8% to 100% of individual schools’ panels; however, eight schools (about half the respondents able to offer numbers of participants) omitted general practitioner representation in more than half of their interview panels.

Conclusions

Despite the UK policy focus to increase the proportion of medical students becoming general practitioners, doctors from this clinical background are not proportionately represented as admissions leads or on admissions interview panels. Increasing general practitioner involvement in admissions processes may be one way in which medical schools can support general practice as a career aspiration.
Health-related behaviour in relation to transition into age retirement: An observational study based on HUNT3
Authors: Skogen Jens C , Øverland Simon , Knudsen Ann K
Published: July 2016

Objectives

In western countries, more years are being spent in age retirement. The transition phase into age retirement may be important for physical and mental health in the years following retirement. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether age retirement is associated with changes in the level of physical activity, smoking habits and alcohol habits.

Design

Using data on self-reported health-related behaviour from a population-based study (The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT3)) linked to registry data on age retirement, participants who retired within two years prior to and two years after participating in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (N = 2,197) were compared.

Participants

A total of 2,197 participants were included.

Setting

Population-based study in Norway.

Main outcome measures

Registry data on age retirement.

Results

No systematic differences in alcohol consumption, smoking or physical activity over the strata defined by time before or after age retirement were identified.

Conclusion

The current and previous findings do not suggest that transition into age retirement changes health-related behaviours. However, there is probably merit in investigating complicating factors related to the retirement process, such as degree of voluntariness, as these factors may influence the impact of age retirement on health behaviours.
Placebo effects in medicine: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Boehm Katja , Berger Bettina , Ostermann Thomas , Heusser Peter
Published: July 2016

Objective

It was the aim of this bibliometric analysis to identify all publications dealing with so-called 'context effects/placebo effects' to bring some organisation into the publication landscape of the past 35 years.

Design

An electronic database search was carried out in Pubmed from its inception to November 2011.

Participants

Already published articles and their participants were included.

Setting

This review was carried out at an academic institution.

Main outcome measures

Condition, country, year, journal, number of authors, type of publication and main focus of the publication.

Results

There are slight differences in the focus and the origin of research. Although the subject is multidimensional and covering all areas in healthcare, only a few research disciplines cover the field of placebo effects. The research field is shrinking as evident by the smaller number of researchers publishing in this field. It is suggested that the discussion regarding placebo and context effects is getting more homogenous and is turning into a specific field by itself. There is an increasing concentration of placebo effects being reproduced in experimental settings.

Conclusion

It is debatable whether the complexity of the broad range of what produces placebo effects can be successfully detected in a randomized controlled trial setting.
Working as a doctor when chronically ill or disabled: comments made by doctors responding to UK surveys
Authors: Smith Fay , Goldacre Michael J , Lambert Trevor W
Published: July 2016

Objectives

To report a qualitative study of themes doctors raised spontaneously, in a large-scale prospective cohort study covering many aspects of their medical careers, when referring to their own chronic illness or disability.

Design

Questionnaire survey.

Setting

UK.

Participants

Questionnaires were sent one, five and 10 years after graduation to 44,539 doctors who qualified between 1993 and 2012 in the UK: 38,613 questionnaires were returned and 11,859 respondents provided comments made by doctors about their training or work.

Main outcome measures

The comments of 123 doctors about their own chronic illness or disability.

Results

Main themes raised included poor support for doctors with chronic illness or disability, delays in and changes to careers (either planned ahead or imposed), the impact of pressure at work, difficulties returning to work after illness, limitations on career choices and inadequate careers advice for doctors with chronic illness or disabilities.

Conclusions

More needs to be done to ensure that doctors with chronic illness or disability receive appropriate support. Occupational health guidance should be monitored closely, with more support for ill doctors including adjustments to the job, help if needed with morale and mental health, and advice on career options. Further studies should establish the prevalence of long-term health conditions among doctors.
Pain on arrival at the emergency department: A regional survey
Authors: Sturesson Lars , Ulfvarson Johanna , Niemi-Murola Leila , Lindström Veronica , Castrén Maaret
Published: July 2016

Pain is a major health problem that has a huge impact on public health. Pain is also the most common reason for patients to seek care at the emergency department. Data were collected at seven emergency departments in Stockholm, Sweden, over 24 hours. Data were gathered from patients via a questionnaire conducted by the triage nurse during the first assessment on arrival. The patient-reported pain intensity was classified and the patients were grouped into age categories. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regressions were conducted to determine the association between pain and variables: sex, age and taking analgesics prior to the visit. During the 24-hour period, 1344 patients visited the emergency departments and 647 patients (48%) participated in this study. Thirty per cent of the patients reported a pain intensity of eight or more. Despite this, only 33% of the patients took analgesia before visiting the emergency department. The odds of reporting pain were nearly six times higher for a person aged less than 30 years compared to a person over 60 years of age. The differences in the patients’ pain ratings according to age need to be highlighted. Effort on preventive health education should be studied.
Younger Dual-Eligibles Who Use Federally Qualified Health Centers Have More Preventable Emergency Department Visits, but Some Have Fewer Hospitalizations
Authors: Potter Andrew J. , Trivedi Amal N. , Wright Brad
Published: July 2016

Objective: To determine whether younger dual-eligibles receiving care at federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) have lower rates of ambulatory care sensitive (ACS) hospitalization and emergency department (ED) visits. Data Sources: We used the 100% Medicare Part A and Part B institutional claims from 2007 to 2010 for dual-eligibles younger than 65 years, enrolled in traditional fee-for-service Medicare, who received care at an FQHC or lived in a primary care service area with an FQHC. Methods: Our cross-sectional analysis used negative binomial regressions to model ACS hospitalizations and ED visits as a function of prior year FQHC use. The model adjusted for beneficiary age, gender, race, and chronic diseases, as well as county fixed effects, time trends, and race-FQHC use interactions. Results: FQHC use is associated with a decrease in ACS hospitalization rates for whites (2.8 per 1000 persons), but an increase among blacks (2.5 per 1000 persons). FQHC use is also associated with an increase in ACS ED visits, from 27 to 33 more visits per 1000 persons per year, depending on patient race. Conclusions: ACS hospital use is higher for FQHC users than nonusers, but white FQHC users have fewer ACS hospitalizations. More research is needed to understand how this relationship varies within and between centers.
Direct and Indirect Effects of Cumulative Trauma, PTSD, and Substance Use Disorder on Probability of Arrest Among Lower Income African American and Latina Women
Authors: Ruglass Lesia M. , Espinosa Adriana , Sykes Kelly M. , Shevorykin Alina , Nicholson Ron , Dambreville Naomi
Published: July 2016

We conducted a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data to examine the association of cumulative trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance use disorder (SUD) with the probability of arrest in a sample of socioeconomically disadvantaged African American and Latino mothers ( N = 158). Results revealed that 34% of the sample had a history of arrest. Logistic regression revealed that cumulative trauma was significantly and positively associated with the likelihood of arrest. Exposure to increasing numbers of traumas contributed to greater odds of arrest, as much as 62% for each additional trauma exposure. Moreover, binary mediation analyses revealed that PTSD and SUD exerted an intervening influence on the pathway between cumulative trauma and the probability of arrest. Women with a lifetime history of PTSD or SUD were 5–6 times more likely to be arrested than women without either disorder. Lifetime PTSD and lifetime SUD were partial mediators of the association between cumulative trauma exposure and arrest, accounting for 63% of the variance. These findings have important implications for intervention efforts geared toward helping young racial/ethnic minority mothers, especially those with PTSD and SUD, manage the distress and impairment that may contribute to criminal justice involvement.
Electrical Stimulation Over Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus Disrupts Hand Gesture’s Role in Foreign Vocabulary Learning
Authors: Siciliano Rachel , Hirata Yukari , Kelly Spencer D.
Published: July 2016

Hand gestures are a potent aid in foreign language learning. The present experiment sought to enhance their utility using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Employing tDCS, we investigated whether stimulation over the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG)—an area implicated in multimodal integration—increases gesture’s beneficial role in foreign vocabulary learning. Replicating previous research, we found that when participants learned words accompanied by iconic gestures, they demonstrated better retention of those words compared to learning with speech alone. However, when tDCS was applied to the region above the left IFG, the beneficial effects of gesture were absent. Despite the recent enthusiasm over neuromodulation techniques, the present results provide one case in which neural stimulation may actually disrupt, rather than help, learning.
Building Customer-centric Organizations: Shaping Factors and Barriers
Authors: Hemel Carmen van den , Rademakers Martijn F.
Published: July 2016

Although the number of companies declaring their commitment to the concept of customer centricity is increasing, many of these companies are struggling to actually shape their organization accordingly. In this article we share the results of our research, which aims to identify key shaping factors that help organizations move towards customer centricity, and key barriers that typically deter organizations from becoming customer-centric. Based on a literature review and field research among both practitioners and academics, we have identified a set of nine shaping factors and three barriers to building customer-centric organizations and explored these in more detail. Our study suggests that there are no simple recipes or shortcuts for organizations to become customer-centric. Instead, companies can reap sustainable competitive advantage from evolving the ability to master nine shaping factors and evade three barriers to customer centricity.
MethPed: an R package for the identification of pediatric brain tumor subtypes
Authors: Ahamed Mohammad Tanvir , Danielsson Anna , Nemes Szilárd , Carén Helena
Published: July 2016

Background

DNA methylation profiling of pediatric brain tumors offers a new way of diagnosing and subgrouping these tumors which improves current clinical diagnostics based on histopathology. We have therefore developed the MethPed classifier, which is a multiclass random forest algorithm, based on DNA methylation profiles from many subgroups of pediatric brain tumors.

Results

We developed an R package that implements the MethPed classifier, making it easily available and accessible. The package can be used for estimating the probability that an unknown sample belongs to each of nine pediatric brain tumor diagnoses/subgroups.

Conclusions

The MethPed R package efficiently classifies pediatric brain tumors using the developed MethPed classifier. MethPed is available via Bioconductor: http://bioconductor.org/packages/MethPed/
Upper Peninsula of Michigan mineral industries conference on radioactive ores
Authors: Longacre W.A.
Published: July 2016

Purpose: To help coordinate and make more effective the search for radioactive ores in Upper Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota.
SEG Depository at the University of Tulsa
Authors: Maddox Eugenia
Published: July 2016

In accordance with a suggestion made by Mr. Colin Campbell, we are reporting on the library of the Society of Exploration Geophysicists
The Williston Basin and its Exploration Problems
Authors: Lukk Gerhard E.
Published: July 2016

Only recently has the Williston Basin, which gets its name from the City of Williston located on the Missouri River 20 miles east of the Montana-North Dakota border, become of great interest to the exploration departments of the oil industry. This interest in one of the largest and oldest geological basins in North-America was created by discoveries of oil in commercial quantities. A minor discovery was made in February', 1951 near Virden, Manitoba, followed by the discovery' of the Clarence Iverson Well in the vicinity of the Nesson Anticline on the 4th of April, 1951, followed by the discoveries of September, 1951 in the H. O. Bakken Well in the Tioga pool and in December of the same year the Shell Oil Company's discovery at Richey, Montana. The Virden Well is located near the northeastern border of the Williston Basin and Madison production was developed there by the California Standard Company. The Clarence Iverson Well was developed by the Amerada Petroleum Corporation and it produced from the Devonian and Madison.
An effective anisotropic poroelastic model for elastic wave propagation in finely layered media
Authors: Kudarova Asiya M. , van Dalen Karel N. , Drijkoningen Guy G.
Published: July 2016

Mesoscopic-scale heterogeneities in porous media cause attenuation and dispersion at seismic frequencies. Effective models are often used to account for this. We have developed a new effective poroelastic model for finely layered media, and we evaluated its impact focusing on the angle-dependent attenuation behavior. To enable this, an exact solution was obtained for the response of a periodically layered medium to a surface point load using Floquet’s theory. We compared this solution with that of the new model and the equivalent viscoelastic vertical transverse isotropic medium available from existing literature. We have observed that the quasi-P (qP) wave dispersion and attenuation was predicted with high accuracy by the new effective poroelastic model. For the quasi-S (qS) wave, the effective poroelastic model provides a perceptibly better prediction of the attenuation, resulting in closer to the exact waveforms. The qS-wave attenuation is underestimated by the effective viscoelastic model, whereas for the qP-wave, the model gives accurate predictions in all cases except for highly permeable weak-frame media.
Decomposing full-waveform borehole acoustic data with application to data from a North Sea well
Authors: Haldorsen Jakob B. U. , Stensrud Espen , Merciu Ioan-Alexandru , Miller Douglas E.
Published: July 2016

The objective of this study is to establish whether sonic data acquired in a cased hole can be used to estimate the material behind a second casing when the annulus between the two sets of casings is fluid filled. We have analyzed full-waveform data acquired using the Schlumberger tool Sonic Scanner for a double casing with a fluid between them, and where the outer annulus, outside the outer casing, might be cement filled or fluid filled. The sonic tool uses a cylindrical array of 104 omnidirectional receivers. The cylindrical array — approximately 4 in. in diameter and 1.8 m (6 ft) long — allows a formal decomposition of the acquired data into quasi-plane waves. Analyzing these plane waves, we have identified subtle but distinct changes in the waveforms. These changes appear to be dependent on the material filling the outer annulus, allowing for the determination of the fill material. The most significant changes relate to the propagating Stoneley waves. The identifications made are confirmed by cement bond log (CBL) analysis done on the exposed outer pipe after pulling the inner pipe. In one instance, for single-casing logging and a clean top-of-cement, like with conventional CBL analysis, we were able to confidently and accurately identify the cement/fluid boundary. In another instance, we were able to identify it as a nondistinct/smooth transition zone. For double-casing logging, we could confidently and accurately identify the cement/fluid boundary behind the second casing. For one case, we have substantiated that this zone has a longer interval of smooth transition from cement to consolidated/unconsolidated barite to a fluid-filled annulus.
Biot coefficient is distinct from effective pressure coefficient
Authors: Müller Tobias M. , Sahay Pratap N.
Published: July 2016

Within the Biot poroelasticity theory, the effective pressure coefficient for the bulk volume of a fluid-saturated rock and the Biot coefficient are one and the same quantity. The effective pressure coefficient for the bulk volume is the change of confining pressure with respect to fluid-pressure changes when the bulk volume is held constant. The Biot coefficient is the fluid volume change induced by bulk volume changes in the drained condition. However, there is experimental evidence showing a difference between these two coefficients, arguably caused by microinhomogeneities, such as microcracks and other compliant pore-scale features. In these circumstances, we advocate using the generalized constitutive pressure equations recently developed by Sahay wherein the effective pressure coefficient and the Biot coefficient enter as distinct quantities. Therein, the difference is attributed to the porosity effective pressure coefficient that serves as a measure for the deviation from the Biot prediction and accounts for microinhomogeneities. We have concluded that these generalized constitutive pressure equations offer a meaningful alternative to model observed rock behavior.
The Expression of Toll-like Receptors in Normal Human and Murine Gastrointestinal Organs and the Effect of Microbiome and Cancer
Authors: Huhta Heikki , Helminen Olli , Kauppila Joonas H. , Salo Tuula , Porvari Katja , Saarnio Juha , Lehenkari Petri P. , Karttunen Tuomo J.
Published: July 2016

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are innate immune receptors expressed in all parts of the alimentary tract. However, analyses comparing expression in different segments and data on germ-free animals are lacking. Alimentary tract cancers show increased TLR expression. According to the field effect concept, carcinogenetic factors induce subtle cancer predisposing alterations in the whole organ. We studied TLR1 to TLR9 expression in all segments of the alimentary tract from cancer patients’ tumor-adjacent normal mucosa, healthy organ donors, and conventional and germ-free mice by using immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR. All TLRs were expressed in all segments of the alimentary tract. Expression was most intensive in the small intestine in humans and conventional mice, but germ-free mice showed less expression in the small intestine. TLR expression levels were similar in cancer patients and organ donors. We provide systematic baseline data on the TLR expression in the alimentary tract. Normal epithelium adjacent to tumor seems to have similar TLR expression compared with healthy tissues suggesting absence of any field effect in TLR expression. Accordingly, specimens from cancer patients’ normal tumor-adjacent tissue can be used as control tissues in immunohistochemical TLR studies in gastrointestinal cancer.
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 Is Confined to Tumor-Associated Myofibroblasts and Is Increased With Progression in Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Alpízar-Alpízar Warner , Laerum Ole Didrik , Christensen Ib J. , Ovrebo Kjell , Skarstein Arne , Høyer-Hansen Gunilla , Ploug Michael , Illemann Martin
Published: July 2016

The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) inhibits the extracellular matrix–degrading activity of several matrix metalloproteinases, thereby regulating cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Studies describing the expression pattern and cellular localization of TIMP-1 in gastric cancer are, however, highly discordant. We addressed these inconsistencies by performing immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization analyses in a set of 49 gastric cancer lesions to reexamine the TIMP-1 localization. In addition, we correlated these findings to clinicopathological parameters. We show that strong expression of TIMP-1 protein and mRNA was observed in a subpopulation of stromal fibroblast-like cells at the periphery of the cancer lesions. In a few cases, a small fraction of cancer cells showed weak expression of TIMP-1 protein and mRNA. The stromal TIMP-1-expressing cells were mainly tumor-associated myofibroblasts. In the normal-appearing mucosa, scattered TIMP-1 protein was only found in chromogranin A positive cells. TIMP-1-positive myofibroblasts at the invasive front of the tumors were more frequently seen in intestinal than in diffuse histological subtype cases ( p=0.009). A significant trend to a higher number of cases showing TIMP-1 staining in myofibroblasts with increasing tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) stage was also revealed ( p=0.041). In conclusion, tumor-associated myofibroblasts are the main source of increased TIMP-1 expression in gastric cancer.
Michael Moorcock’s Pyat Quartet, the Jewish experience of twentieth-century history, and the failure of the utopian
Authors: Sandberg Eric
Published: July 2016

This article examines a number of ways in which Michael Moorcock’s Pyat Quartet (Byzantium Endures [1981], The Laughter of Carthage [1984], Jerusalem Commands [1992], The Vengeance of Rome [2006]) explores the failure of the twentieth century’s utopian impulses through its central character, Colonel Pyat. Pyat, a self-denying Jew who simultaneously performs and experiences anti-Semitism, is exposed directly to the century’s two great utopian movements, communism and fascism. He rejects the former and embraces the latter, but suffers from the practices of both. He is also an engineer who dreams of creating the type of technological utopia that informed many of the century’s most perfervid aspirations, but who experiences their repeated failures both in terms of the misapplication of technology embodied by the Holocaust and in the failure of technology to redeem the crumbling 1970s’ Britain from which the novels are narrated. Pyat, this article argues, is a twentieth-century everyman, who dreams the century’s utopias, and lives its failures.
Special issue reviews
Authors: Vice Sue , Skinazi Karen E. H. , Kahn-Harris Keith , Solomons Jeremy
Published: July 2016

Under Postcolonial Eyes: Figuring ‘The Jew’ in Contemporary British Writing, Efraim Sicher and Linda Weinhouse (2013) Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 316 pp., ISBN 978-0-8032-4503-7, h/bk, $55

The Edinburgh Companion to Modern Jewish Fiction, David Brauner and Axel Stähler (EDS) (2015) Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 456 pp., ISBN: 9780748646159, h/bk, £150

Losing Israel, Jasmine Donahaye (2015) Bridgend: Seren Books, 206 pp., ISBN: 9781781722527, h/bk, £12:99

Jews and Photography in Britain, Michael Berkowitz (2015) Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 392 pp., ISBN: 9781477305560, h/bk, $45.00
‘No outlines’: From dystopia to heterotopia in Howard Jacobson’s J
Authors: Gilbert Ruth
Published: July 2016

This article suggests that a dystopian reading of Howard Jacobson’s 2014 novel, J, is not necessarily the only way in which to reflect on both the inner and outer topographies of the narrative. In tilting the focus of enquiry, the article draws from Foucault’s brief, but intriguing, thoughts on heterotopia. It suggests that this kind of heterotopian thinking potentially opens up a deconstructive questioning of terms such as utopia and dystopia. In particular, the article teases out some of the ways in which Jewishness intersects with these themes. The analysis focuses on the section towards the mid-point of J when the protagonists, Kevern and Ailinn, visit the capital city of a bleak new world. It is a profoundly dislocated and disconcerting space, described as ‘a city seen through a sheet of scratched Perspex …. it had no outlines’. Within this distorted setting, Jacobson presents a sustained exploration of Jewishness, an identity that is placed, simultaneously, at both the centre and the edges of the text.