bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of elective neck dissection in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Xiao Roy , Sethi Rosh K.V. , Feng Allen L. , Fontanarosa Joel B. , Deschler Daniel G.
Published: January 2019

Objective

To investigate the frequency and outcomes of elective neck dissection (END) for adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the head and neck.

Methods

The National Cancer Database was queried for a cohort study of patients with ACC of the major salivary glands, nasal cavity/nasopharynx, hard/soft palate, tongue, floor of mouth, larynx, and oral cavity who underwent primary surgical resection from 2004 to 2014. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of END and occult nodal metastasis. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method and modeled with Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results

Among 2,807 patients with ACC treated surgically, 636 (22.7%) underwent END. Patients with ACC of the salivary glands and tongue most frequently underwent END; patients with hard/soft palate (odds ratio [OR] 0.06, P < 0.001) and nasal cavity/nasopharynx (OR 0.05, P < 0.001) ACC rarely underwent END compared to patients with major salivary gland cancer. Increasing tumor (T) stage (T4 vs. T1, OR 3.02, P < 0.001) was associated with END. Patients with advanced T3 to T4 ACC of the major salivary glands demonstrated extended OS associated with END (5‐year OS 78.1% vs. 70.4%, P = 0.041) on Kaplan‐Meier analysis and with END with adjuvant radiation therapy (hazard ratio 0.55, P = 0.027) using Cox proportional hazards regression. Elective neck dissection for T4 ACC of the salivary glands (21.3%) and tongue (25.5%) most consistently revealed occult nodal metastasis.

Conclusion

Elective neck dissection for ACC of the major salivary glands or tongue is most likely to reveal occult nodal metastasis. Elective neck dissection is associated with extended OS for advanced‐stage ACC of the major salivary glands.

Level of Evidence

NA

Laryngoscope, 129:2094–2104, 2019
Laryngeal force sensor metrics are predictive of increased perioperative narcotic requirements
Authors: Feng Allen L. , Ciaramella Alex , Naunheim Matthew R. , Gadkaree Shekhar K. , Fat Iuliu , Song Phillip C.
Published: January 2019

Objectives/Hypothesis

To determine the relationship between force metrics measured by the laryngeal force sensor (LFS) during suspension microlaryngoscopy (SML) and perioperative narcotic requirements.

Study Design

Prospective observational study.

Methods

Compressive tissue forces were recorded during SML using the LFS and correlated with postoperative narcotic requirements in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) at an academic tertiary center. Patients were prospectively enrolled and had force metrics recorded throughout each procedure including maximum force, average force, suspension time, and total impulse. Narcotic administration in the intraoperative period and PACU were also recorded and converted into intravenous morphine equivalents (ME). Surgeons were blinded to the force recordings during surgery to prevent operator bias.

Results

Eighty‐two patients completed the study. Of these patients, the mean perioperative ME requirement was 16.96 mg (range, 0.15–79.82 mg). Univariate analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between perioperative narcotic requirements and total suspension time (P < .001) as well as total impulse (P = .007). A positive correlation was also seen with maximum force, although not significantly. On multiple linear regression, total suspension time was a significant predictive variable for perioperative narcotic use, with a marginal incremental increase of 0.273 mg of ME per minute of total suspension time (0.273 mg/min, 95% confidence interval: 0.040‐0.507 mg/min, P = .022).

Conclusions

Intraoperative force metrics including total suspension time are predictive of increased perioperative narcotic requirement after SML. Total impulse during SML may also correlate with increased perioperative narcotic requirements.

Level of Evidence

2 Laryngoscope, 129:2563–2567, 2019
Existence Conditions of High‐k Modes in Finite Hyperbolic Metamaterials
Authors: Mahmoodi Maryam , Tavassoli Seyed Hassan , Takayama Osamu , Sukham Johneph , Malureanu Radu , Lavrinenko Andrei V.
Published: January 2019

The capability to support optical waves with very large wave vectors (high‐k) is one of the principle features of hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs). These waves play the key role in HMM applications such as imaging and lifetime engineering. Effective medium approximation (EMA) as widely used analytical method to predict HMMs behavior, has shortcomings in calculating high‐k modes of practical structures. EMA is applicable to a subwavelength unit cell of implicitly infinite periodic structures. Using conventional EMA, in the present paper, boundary effects and spatial dispersion are taken into consideration to properly compute the high‐k modes of finite‐thickness multilayer HMMs. Applying nonlocal homogenization to stacks of alternating metal‐dielectric layers, the corresponding effective medium is examined as a high‐k waveguide sandwiched between the substrate and an ambient superstrate. The developed theory enables us to recognize two types of bulk waves coined as short‐range and long‐range propagating modes. Number of such modes as well as their cutoff conditions are quantified for the first time. Validity of the developed theory is verified both numerically by rigorous simulations of the multilayer structures with the transfer matrix method and experimentally by optical characterization of the HMMs in infrared regime.
Clinical application of single‐molecule optical mapping to a multigeneration FSHD1 pedigree
Authors: Zhang Qian , Xu Xueqin , Ding Lirong , Li Huanzheng , Xu Chengyang , Gong Yuyan , Liu Ying , Mu Ting , Leigh Don , Cram David S. , Tang Shaohua
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 1 (FSHD1) is a relatively common autosomal dominant adult muscular dystrophy with variable disease penetrance. The disease is caused by shortening of a D4Z4 repeat array located near the telomere of chromosome 4 at 4q35. This causes activation of a dormant gene DUX4, permitting aberrant DUX4 expression which is toxic to muscles. Molecular diagnosis of FSHD1 by Southern blot hybridization or FISH combing is difficult and time consuming, requiring specialist laboratories. As an alternative, we apply a novel approach for the diagnosis of FSHD1 utilizing single‐molecule optical mapping (SMOM).

Methods

Long DNA molecules with BssS1 enzyme marking were subjected to SMOM on the Bionano Genomics platform to determine the number of D4Z4 repeats. Southern blot and molecular combing were used to confirm the FSHD1 haplotypes.

Results

In a study of a five‐generation FSHD1 pedigree, SMOM correctly diagnosed the disease and normal haplotypes, identifying the founder 4qA disease allele as having 4 D4Z4 repeat units. Southern blot and molecular combing analysis confirmed the SMOM results for the 4qA disease and 4qB nondisease alleles.

Conclusion

Based on our findings, we propose that SMOM is a reliable and accurate technique suitable for the molecular diagnosis of FSHD1.
Modified montmorillonite combined with intumescent flame retardants on the flame retardancy and thermal stability properties of unsaturated polyester resins
Authors: Yu Yuan , Chen Zhiquan , Zhang Qingwu , Jiang Mengwei , Zhong Zhihao , Chen Tingting , Jiang Juncheng
Published: January 2019

Modified montmorillonite‐containing phytic acid (PA‐MMT) has been prepared by acid treatment and then introduced into unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) with an intumescent flame retardant (IFRs). The flame retardancy and thermal degradation of UPR/IFRs/PA‐MMT were evaluated by a limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, a vertical burning test (UL‐94), a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and a cone calorimeter test (CCT). Besides, the mechanical properties were studied by a universal testing machine. The LOI value of UPR/IFRs/PA‐MMT composites was increased to 29.2%. The CCT results indicated that the incorporation of PA‐MMT and IFRs significantly improved the combustion behavior of UPR. The results of the mechanical properties indicated that 1.5 wt% loading of PA‐MMT in UPR/IFRs showed the highest improvement in flexural strength and tensile strength. The flame‐retardant mechanism of PA‐MMT/IFRs was examined and discussed based on the results of combustion behavior and char analysis.
Preparation of PSSS‐grafted polysulfone microfiltration membrane and its rejection and removal properties towards heavy metal ions
Authors: Gao Baojiao , Zhang Dandan , Li Yanbin
Published: January 2019

3‐Hydroxy‐N,N‐diethylaniline (HDEA) as a tertiary aromatic amine was introduced onto the surface of chloromethylated polysulfone (CMPSF) microfiltration membrane through modification reaction, resulting in the modified membrane PSF‐DEA. A redox surface‐initiating system (DEA/APS) was constituted by the bonded tertiary aromatic amine group DEA and ammonium persulfate (APS) in aqueous solution, and so, the free radicals formed on the membrane initiated sodium p‐styrenesulfonate (SSS) as an anionic monomer to produce graft polymerization, getting the grafting‐type composite microfiltration membrane, PSF‐g‐PSSS membrane. Subsequently, the adsorption property of PSF‐g‐PSSS membrane for three heavy metal ions, Pb2+, Zn2+, and Hg2+ ions, was fully examined, and the rejection performance of PSF‐g‐PSSS membrane towards the three heavy metal ions was emphatically evaluated via permeation experiments. The experimental results show that by the initiating of the surface‐initiating system of DEA/APS, the graft polymerization can smoothly be carried out under mild conditions. PSF‐g‐PSSS membrane as a functional microfiltration membrane has strong adsorption ability for heavy metal ions by right of strong electrostatic interaction (or ion exchange action) between the anionic sulfonate ions on the membrane and heavy metal ions. The order of adsorption capacity is Pb2+ > Zn2+ > Hg2+, and the adsorption capacity of Pb2+ ion gets up to 2.18 μmol/cm2. As the volume of permeation solutions, in which the concentrations of the three metal ions are 0.2 mmol/L, are in a range of 50 to 70 mL, the rejection rate of PSF‐g‐PSSS membrane for the three heavy metal ions can reach a level of 95%, displaying a fine rejection and removing performance towards heavy metal ions.
The effects of the tube diameter on the discharge ignition and the plasma properties of atmospheric‐pressure microplasma confined inside capillary
Authors: Wu Shuqun , Wu Fei , Liu Chang , Liu Xueyuan , Chen Yuxiu , Shao Tao , Zhang Chaohai
Published: January 2019

With plasma penetration into a capillary and the assistant of an air DBD, an ac‐driven Ar microplasma plume having a length of several cm is generated inside the capillary. The inner diameter of the capillary ranges from 4 to 100 µm. When the tube diameter decreases, the length of the microplasma plume decreases, and while the ignition voltage, the current density, and the electron density increase significantly. For the tube diameter of 9 µm, the current density and the electron density measured from the Stark broadening of Hα line reach as high as 109 A m−2 and 11 × 1016 cm−3, respectively. The microplasma plume is of high degree of ionization and remains non‐thermal. Rather than monotonically increasing, the propagation velocity of the microplasma plume decreases and then keeps almost unchanged after the tube diameter reaches 20 µm.
Proteomic Approach to the Potential Role of Angiotensin II in Barrett Dysplasia
Authors: Bratlie Svein Olav , Wallenius Ville , Edebo Anders , Fändriks Lars , Casselbrant Anna
Published: January 2019

Background and Aim

Dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus (BE) is regarded as a preneoplastic lesion. The renin–angiotensin system (RAS), known for its role in electrolyte homeostasis and hemodynamics, has also been shown to have tissue‐based features linked to proliferation, inflammation, and cancer. RAS is associated with BE dysplasia. The aim of this study is to investigate possible effects of the RAS in BE dysplasia by using RAS‐interfering pharmaceutical agents and by assessment of global protein expression in esophageal mucosal biopsies.

Methods

Endoscopic biopsies are taken from 18 BE in patients with low‐grade dysplasia before and after 3 weeks of treatment with either angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (enalapril 5 mg; n = 6) or angiotensin II receptor type 1 blockers (candesartan 8 mg; n = 6), or no treatment (n = 6). A global proteomics analysis by 2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry (MS) is then performed to identify proteins that are regulated after interference with RAS.

Results

Three proteins are identified to show significant modulation of expression 60 kDa heat shock protein (downregulated), protein disulfide isomerase A3 (downregulated), and inorganic pyrophosphatase (upregulated).

Conclusion

Three proteins with no previously known links to esophageal RAS, but with possible relevance for the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) are detected. Altered expression by interference with the RAS suggests an involvement of angiotensin II in the development of EAC in BE.
Stearate‐Induced Apoptosis in Human Pancreatic β‐Cells is Associated with Changes in Membrane Protein Expression and These Changes are Inhibited by Oleate
Authors: Němcová‐Fürstová Vlasta , Balušíková Kamila , Halada Petr , Pavlíková Nela , Šrámek Jan , Kovář Jan
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Lipotoxicity is implicated in type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. Its molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. The aim of this study is to identify new suspect proteins involved in pancreatic β‐cell death induction by saturated fatty acids and its inhibition by unsaturated fatty acids.

Experimental design

Employing 2DE analysis and subsequent western blot confirmation, the differences in membrane/membrane‐associated protein expression in human β‐cell line NES2Y are assessed during cell death induction by stearate and its inhibition by oleate.

Results

Induction of apoptosis by stearate is associated with significantly increased levels of Hsp90β, peroxiredoxin‐1, and 14‐3‐3γ in the membrane fraction of NES2Y cells and significantly decreased levels of annexin A2, annexin A4, and reticulocalbin‐2. All these changes are significantly inhibited by oleate co‐application. No expression changes are detected after application of stearate together with oleate. Furthermore, the expression of reticulocalbin‐2 is significantly decreased after stearate application also in the whole cell lysate.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Several membrane‐associated proteins that could be related to pro‐ and anti‐apoptotic signaling initiated by fatty acids in human pancreatic β‐cells are identified. As far as we know, annexin A4, reticulocalbin‐2, and 14‐3‐3γ represent novel molecules related to the effect of fatty acids on β‐cell viability.
Best Practices to Maximize the Use and Reuse of Quantitative and Systems Pharmacology Models: Recommendations From the United Kingdom Quantitative and Systems Pharmacology Network
Authors: Cucurull‐Sanchez Lourdes , Chappell Michael J. , Chelliah Vijayalakshmi , Amy Cheung S. Y. , Derks Gianne , Penney Mark , Phipps Alex , Malik‐Sheriff Rahuman S. , Timmis Jon , Tindall Marcus J. , van der Graaf Piet H. , Vicini Paolo , Yates James W. T.
Published: January 2019

The lack of standardization in the way that quantitative and systems pharmacology (QSP) models are developed, tested, and documented hinders their reproducibility, reusability, and expansion or reduction to alternative contexts. This in turn undermines the potential impact of QSP in academic, industrial, and regulatory frameworks. This article presents a minimum set of recommendations from the UK Quantitative and Systems Pharmacology Network (UK QSP Network) to guide QSP practitioners seeking to maximize their impact, and stakeholders considering the use of QSP models in their environment.
Superconducting Nanowires for Single‐Photon Detection: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Holzman Itamar , Ivry Yachin
Published: January 2019

Single‐photon detectors and nanoscale superconducting devices are two major candidates for realizing quantum technologies. Superconducting‐nanowire single‐photon detectors (SNSPDs) comprise these two solid‐state and optic aspects enabling high‐rate (1.3 Gb s−1) quantum key distribution over long distances (>400 km), long‐range quantum communication (>1200 km), as well as space communication (239 000 miles). The attractiveness of SNSPDs stems from competitive performance in the four single‐photon relevant characteristics at wavelengths ranges from UV to the mid‐IR: high detection efficiency, low false‐signal rate, low uncertainty in photon time arrival, and fast reset time. However, to date, these characteristics cannot be optimized simultaneously. In this review, the mechanisms that govern these four characteristics are presented, and it is demonstrated how they are affected by material properties and device design as well as by the operating conditions, allowing aware optimization of SNSPDs. Based on the evolution in the existing literature and state of the art, it is proposed how to choose or design the material and device for optimizing SNSPD performance, while possible future opportunities in the SNSPD technology are also highlighted.
Investigation of surface interactions between volatile chromium species and ceramics
Authors: Tatar Greg , Gannon Paul , Swain Nolan , Mason Ryan , Remington Emily , Dansereau Spencer
Published: January 2019

Stainless steels are often used in high temperature (≥500°C) applications such as solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), combustion engine exhaust systems, and in power/chemical plant process equipment. At high temperature and in oxidizing conditions, chromium containing oxides, such as chromia, may form protective surface layers on the underlying alloy. Reactive evaporation of chromium, however, may occur from the protective surface layers given these conditions, resulting in the formation of volatile chromium species such as CrO2(OH)2. These volatile chromium species may then interact with surrounding materials, potentially resulting in hazardous compound formation, or having detrimental effects on system performance, as in the case of SOFCs. To better understand the interaction of volatile chromium condensation/deposition on material substrates, volatile chromium species were generated from chromia powder at 500°C to 900°C and flowed past coupons of alumina and mica and quartz wool at temperatures ranging from 150°C to 900°C for 24‐ and 100‐hour exposures. The ceramic surfaces were characterized as a function of these exposures using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Analysis of Cr 2p3/2peak positions revealed the influence of temperature, material, and exposure time on the oxidation states of surface chromium compounds and extent of chromium deposition. Potential mechanisms are proposed to help explain the observed trends.
Land cover impacts on storm flow suspended solid and nutrient concentrations in southwest Ohio streams
Authors: Lazar Jeffrey A. , Spahr Rachel , Grudzinski Bartosz P. , Fisher Thomas J.
Published: January 2019

Impacts between urban and agricultural land cover on storm flow water quality are poorly understood for the Eastern Corn Belt Ecoregion in SW Ohio. Storm flow water samples were collected from May 2017 to October 2017 across seven SW Ohio watersheds which ranged in urban land cover from 6% to 92% and in agricultural land cover from 4% to 70%. Two watersheds contained water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs). Percent agricultural land cover in a watershed and storm magnitude were primary explanatory variables for total suspended solid and total phosphorus concentrations. Total nitrogen, nitrate, and phosphate concentrations were primarily explained by the presence of WRRFs and percent agricultural land cover. Increased dissolved nutrient concentrations in watersheds with WRRFs indicate that WRRFs in the study area are ineffectively removing nitrate and phosphate from effluent. Results suggest that to improve water quality during storm flows, additional management efforts need to be focused on agricultural watersheds and WRRFs.

Practitioner points

Storm flow water quality in the study area is significantly affected by land cover, WRRF Q, and storm Q.

TSS and TP concentrations are best explained by percent of agricultural land cover in a watershed and magnitude of storms.

TN, NO3‐N, and concentrations are best explained by WRRF Q, followed by the percent agricultural land cover.

This study shows that agricultural land cover and WRRFs play a significant role in water quality degradation in SW Ohio.
Perceived parentalguanand school adjustment among Chinese early adolescents: The moderating role of interdependent self‐construal
Authors: Lan Xiaoyu , Scrimin Sara , Moscardino Ughetta
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Previous research suggests that supportive parenting is positively related to adolescents' academic and psychological functioning. However, most extant research has focused on parenting styles observed in Western countries, whereas less is known about the role of culturally specific parenting dimensions in Eastern countries such as China. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between parentalguanand school adjustment in Mainland Chinese early adolescents, postulating moderation by interdependent self‐construal (ISC).

Methods

Participants were 148 early adolescents (48.6% girls) aged between 10 and 13 years, who completed a questionnaire survey. Teachers rated their students' school‐related social competence, while academic grades were obtained from school records.

Results

Linear regression models controlling for age, gender, and socioeconomic status showed that maternalguanwas positively associated with social competence. Furthermore, ISC moderated the link between maternalguanand school adjustment. Specifically, high levels of ISC were found to enhance the positive relation between perceived maternalguanand both social competence and academic performance. However, no significant associations were found for paternalguan.

Conclusions

Our findings extend prior research by documenting the positive role ofguanparenting style and ISC in early adolescents' school adjustment, and underscore the centrality of mothers in the childrearing process within Chinese families.
Long-period limit of exact periodic traveling wave solutions for the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Hayashi Masayuki
Published: January 2019

We study the periodic traveling wave solutions of the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation (DNLS). It is known that DNLS has two types of solitons on the whole line; one has exponential decay and the other has algebraic decay. The latter corresponds to the soliton for the massless case. In the new global results recently obtained by Fukaya, Hayashi and Inui [15], the properties of two-parameter of the solitons are essentially used in the proof, and especially the soliton for the massless case plays an important role. To investigate further properties of the solitons, we construct exact periodic traveling wave solutions which yield the solitons on the whole line including the massless case in the long-period limit. Moreover, we study the regularity of the convergence of these exact solutions in the long-period limit. Throughout the paper, the theory of elliptic functions and elliptic integrals is used in the calculation.
The interaction between a spatially oscillating jet emitted by a fluidic oscillator and a cross-flow
Authors: Ostermann Florian , Woszidlo Rene , Nayeri C. Navid , Paschereit C. Oliver
Published: January 2019

This experimental study investigates the fundamental flow field of a spatially oscillating jet emitted by a fluidic oscillator into an attached cross-flow. Dominant flow structures, such as the jet trajectory and dynamics of streamwise vortices, are discussed in detail with the aim of understanding the interaction between the spatially oscillating jet and the cross-flow. The oscillating jet is ejected perpendicular to the cross-flow. A moveable stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) system is employed for the plane-by-plane acquisition of the flow field. The three-dimensional, time-resolved flow field is obtained by phase averaging the PIV results based on a pressure signal from inside the fluidic oscillator. The influence of velocity ratio and Strouhal number is assessed. Compared to a common steady wall-normal jet, the spatially oscillating jet penetrates to a lesser extent into the cross-flow’s wall-normal direction in favour of a considerable spanwise penetration. The flow field is dominated by streamwise-oriented vortices, which are convected downstream at the speed of the cross-flow. The vortex dynamics exhibits a strong dependence on the Strouhal number. For small Strouhal numbers, the spatially oscillating jet acts similar to a vortex-generating jet with a time-dependent deflection angle. Accordingly, it forms time-dependent streamwise vortices. For higher Strouhal numbers, the cross-flow is not able to follow the motion of the jet, which results in a quasi-steady wake that forms downstream of the jet. The results suggest that the flow field approaches a quasi-steady behaviour when further increasing the Strouhal number.
Surfactant- and gravity-dependent instability of two-layer channel flows: linear theory covering all wavelengths. Part 2. Mid-wave regimes
Authors: Frenkel Alexander L. , Halpern David , Schweiger Adam J.
Published: January 2019

The joint effects of an insoluble surfactant and gravity on the linear stability of a two-layer Couette flow in a horizontal channel are investigated. The inertialess instability regimes are studied for arbitrary wavelengths and with no simplifying requirements on the system parameters: the ratio of thicknesses of the two fluid layers; the viscosity ratio; the base shear rate; the Marangoni number $Ma$; and the Bond number $Bo$. As was established in the first part of this investigation (Frenkel, Halpern & Schweiger, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 863, 2019, pp. 150–184), a quadratic dispersion equation for the complex growth rate yields two, largely continuous, branches of the normal modes, which are responsible for the flow stability properties. This is consistent with the surfactant instability case of zero gravity studied in Halpern & Frenkel (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 485, 2003, pp. 191–220). The present paper focuses on the mid-wave regimes of instability, defined as those having a finite interval of unstable wavenumbers bounded away from zero. In particular, the location of the mid-wave instability regions in the ($Ma$, $Bo$)-plane, bounded by their critical curves, depending on the other system parameters, is considered. The changes of the extremal points of these critical curves with the variation of external parameters are investigated, including the bifurcation points at which new extrema emerge. Also, it is found that for the less unstable branch of normal modes, a mid-wave interval of unstable wavenumbers may sometimes coexist with a long-wave one, defined as an interval having a zero-wavenumber endpoint.
Pseudo-differential operators with nonlinear quantizing functions
Authors: Esposito Massimiliano , Ruzhansky Michael
Published: January 2019

In this paper we develop the calculus of pseudo-differential operators corresponding to the quantizations of the form$$Au(x)=\int_{{\open R}^n}\int_{{\open R}^n}e^{{\rm i}(x-y)\cdot\xi}\sigma(x+\tau(y-x),\xi)u(y)\,{\rm d}y\,{\rm d}\xi,$$where$\tau :{\open R}^n\to {\open R}^n$is a general function. In particular, for the linear choices$\tau (x)=0$,$\tau (x)=x$and$\tau (x)={x}/{2}$this covers the well-known Kohn–Nirenberg, anti-Kohn–Nirenberg and Weyl quantizations, respectively. Quantizations of such type appear naturally in the analysis on nilpotent Lie groups for polynomial functionsτand here we investigate the corresponding calculus in the model case of${\open R}^n$. We also give examples of nonlinearτappearing on the polarized and non-polarized Heisenberg groups.
Multiplicity and concentration results for a fractional Schrödinger-Poisson type equation with magnetic field
Authors: Ambrosio Vincenzo
Published: January 2019

This paper is devoted to the study of fractional Schrödinger-Poisson type equations with magnetic field of the type
$$\varepsilon^{2s}(-\Delta)_{A/\varepsilon}^{s}u + V(x)u + {\rm e}^{-2t}(\vert x \vert^{2t-3} \ast \vert u\vert ^{2})u = f(\vert u \vert^{2})u \quad \hbox{in} \ \open{R}^{3},$$
where ε > 0 is a parameter, s, t ∈ (0, 1) are such that 2s+2t>3, A:ℝ3 → ℝ3 is a smooth magnetic potential, (−Δ)As is the fractional magnetic Laplacian, V:ℝ3 → ℝ is a continuous electric potential and f:ℝ → ℝ is a C1 subcritical nonlinear term. Using variational methods, we obtain the existence, multiplicity and concentration of nontrivial solutions for e > 0 small enough.
Twists and shear maps in nonlinear elasticity: explicit solutions and vanishing Jacobians
Authors: Bevan Jonathan J. , Käbisch Sandra
Published: January 2019

In this paper we study constrained variational problems that are principally motivated by nonlinear elasticity theory. We examine, in particular, the relationship between the positivity of the Jacobian det ∇u and the uniqueness and regularity of energy minimizers u that are either twist maps or shear maps. We exhibit explicit twist maps, defined on two-dimensional annuli, that are stationary points of an appropriate energy functional and whose Jacobian vanishes on a set of positive measure in the annulus. Within the class of shear maps we precisely characterize the unique global energy minimizer $u_{\sigma }: \Omega \to {\open R}^2$ in a model, two-dimensional case. We exploit the Jacobian constraint $\det \nabla u_{\sigma} \gt 0$ a.e. to obtain regularity results that apply ‘up to the boundary’ of domains with corners. It is shown that the unique shear map minimizer has the properties that (i) $\det \nabla u_{\sigma }$ is strictly positive on one part of the domain Ω, (ii) $\det \nabla u_{\sigma } = 0$ necessarily holds on the rest of Ω, and (iii) properties (i) and (ii) combine to ensure that $\nabla u_{\sigma }$ is not continuous on the whole domain.
Associations between urinary iodine concentration, lipid profile and other cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents: a cross-sectional, population-based analysis
Authors: Wang Xiaoxia , Xian Tongzhang , Zhang Lina , Jia Xiaofan , Man Fuli , Liu Li , Zhang Jie , Zhang Xianbo , Yu Dongni , Sun Liang , Zhou Qi , Pan Qi , Guo Lixin
Published: January 2019

Low urinary iodine concentration (UIC) is associated with dyslipidaemia in adults but is not well characterised in adolescents. Because dyslipidaemia is a cardiovascular risk factor, identifying such an association in adolescents would allow for the prescription of appropriate measures to maintain cardiovascular health. The present study addresses this question using data in the 2001–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 1692 adolescents aged 12–19 years. Primary outcomes were UIC, cardiometabolic risk factors and dyslipidaemia. Data for subjects categorised by low and normal UIC and by sex were analysed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Treating UIC as the independent variable, physical activity level, apoB and lipid profiles differed significantly between subjects with low and normal UIC. Subjects with low UIC had a significantly greater risk of elevated total cholesterol (TC) (95 % CI 1·37, 2·81), elevated non-HDL (95 % CI 1·33, 2·76) and elevated LDL (95 % CI 1·83, 4·19) compared with those with normal UIC. Treating UIC as a dependent variable, the risk of low UIC was significantly greater in those with higher apoB (95 % CI 1·52, 19·08), elevated TC (≥4·4mmol/l) (95 % CI 1·37, 2·81) and elevated non-HDL (≥3·11mmol/l) (95 % CI 1·33, 2·76) than in those with normal UIC. These results show that male and female adolescents with low UIC tend to be at greater risk of dyslipidaemia and abnormal cardiometabolic biomarkers, though the specific abnormal parameters differed between sexes. These results may help to identify youth who would benefit from interventions to improve their cardiometabolic risk.
Geographical variation in life-history traits suggests an environmental-dependent trade-off between juvenile growth rate and adult lifespan in a moth
Authors: Chen C. , Yang H. , Xue F. , Xia Q.
Published: January 2019

Life-history theory predicts a trade-off between the juvenile growth rate and adult traits related to survival. However, this hypothesized negative correlation is difficult to test robustly because many trade-offs are mild, and environmental variables, such as changes in nutrient availability, can ameliorate the trade-off or make it more pronounced. Thus, it is reasonable to expect that the expression of the trade-off can be condition-dependent. In the present study, we first examined the pre-adult life-history traits of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, collected from northern, central, and southern China at different temperatures. We found that the northern China population has a significantly shorter pre-adult developmental time and higher growth rate than the southern China population as a result of adaptation to the decreased seasonal length. Then, we tested for a trade-off between the juvenile growth rate and adult lifespan in different temperature and nutrient conditions. We found a negative relationship between juvenile growth rate and adult lifespan under starvation or desiccation conditions; however, a continuous supply of sugar can diminish or obviate the apparent negative relationship, in which the adult lifespan did not show a significant difference in most of the comparisons. These results suggested a resource-mediated trade-off may exist between juvenile growth rate and adult lifespan. However, the adult size may have some positive effect on the lifespan under starvation and desiccation conditions, which may affect the expression of trade-off.
Wissenszirkulation kann so einfach sein
Authors: Bruch Dominik , Dichter Martin N.
Published: January 2019

Zusammenfassung. Aufgrund komplexer Anforderungen und vielfältiger Barrieren scheitert es häufig, Wissen in die Breite zu tragen und umzusetzen. Pädagogik leistet hier große Arbeit: Sie lehrt, dass neues Wissen wichtig ist und zeigt Quellen sowie Bewertungskriterien. Der vorliegende Beitrag diskutiert die Rolle verschiedener Lösungen einschließlich Dominiks Pflegeuniversum zur Wissenszirkulation. Es zeigt sich, dass ein niedrigschwelliges Angebot zur Wissensverbreitung notwendig ist, was dort ansetzt, wo sich Pflegende aufhalten und austauschen – z. B. in sozialen Netzwerken.
«Die Prüfung ist anspruchsvoll, aber beliebt»
Authors: Bachmann Monika , Schlegel Claudia
Published: January 2019

Zusammenfassung. Kompetenz ist die Kunst, Wissen und Handeln rasch auf einen spezifischen Kontext zu übertragen. In der Pflege ist dieses Know-how besonders gefragt. Deshalb werden Studierende im Rahmen von kompetenzorientierten Prüfungen getestet. Dr. Claudia Schlegel vom Berner Bildungszentrum Pflege kennt sich damit aus. Sie ist Herausgeberin eines Buches, das inspirieren soll. Die Fragen stellt Monika Bachmann, Claudia Schlegel antwortet.
Unterschiede im Sprachverständnis bei angehenden Lehrkräften
Authors: Happ Roland , Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia Olga
Published: January 2019

Zusammenfassung. In der Regel werden migrationsspezifische Unterschiede im Sprachverständnis bei Schülerinnen und Schülern kritisch diskutiert. Dieser Beitrag fokussiert auf das Sprachverständnis angehender Lehrkräfte und zeigt deutliche Unterschiede auf, die nicht nur auf den Migrationshintergrund und den Zweitspracherwerb, sondern auch auf den Bildungshintergrund des Elternhauses, aus dem die angehenden Lehrkräfte stammen, zurückgeführt werden können.
Konfrontation mit dem Fremden
Authors: Brenner Andrea , Maier Edith , Fringer André
Published: January 2019

Zusammenfassung. Migrant(inn)en erhalten tendenziell eine eher inadäquate Gesundheitsversorgung. Erweiterte pflegerische Edukationskompetenzen, soziokulturelles Wissen und ein partnerschaftlicher Interaktionsprozess sind notwendig, um den Anliegen von Migrant(inn)en im Gesundheitswesen gerecht zu werden.
Podcast: Uncovering the Ozone Hole
Authors: Bompey Nanci
Published: January 2019

In the latest episode of its special series, AGU’s Third Pod from the Sun features scientists whose work found the source of a hole in the sky.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Sirt3 suppresses calcium oxalate-induced renal tubular
epithelial cell injury via modification of FoxO3a-mediated autophagy
Authors: Peng Yonghan , Yang Cheng , Shi Xiaolei , Li Ling , Dong Hao , Liu Changcheng , Fang Ziyu , Wang Zeyu , Ming Shaoxiong , Liu Min , Xie Bin , Gao Xiaofeng , Sun Yinghao
Published: January 2019

High oxalic acid and calcium oxalate (CaOx)-induced renal tubular
epithelial cell (TEC) injury plays a key role in nephrolithiasis. However, the
mechanism remains unknown. Gene array analysis of the mice nephrolithiasis model
indicated significant downregulation of sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) and activation of
mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Kidney biopsy tissues of renal
calculi patients also showed decreased Sirt3 expression. Silencing Sirt3 exacerbated
oxidative stress and TEC death under CaOx stimulation. Restoring Sirt3 expression by
overexpression or enhancing its activity protected renal function and reduced TEC
death both in vitro and in vivo. Inhibiting the MAPK pathway resulted in
upregulation of Sirt3 expression, preservation of renal function and decreased cell
death both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Sirt3 could upregulate FoxO3a activity
post-translationally via deacetylation, dephosphorylation and deubiquitination.
FoxO3a was found to interact with the promoter region of LC3B and to increase its
expression, enhancing TEC autophagy and suppressing cell apoptosis and necrosis.
Taken together, our results indicate that the MAPK/Sirt3/FoxO3a pathway modulates
renal TEC death and autophagy in TEC injury.
ISL1 predicts poor outcomes for patients with gastric cancer and drives tumor progression through binding to the ZEB1 promoter together with SETD7
Authors: Guo Ting , Wen Xian-Zi , Li Zi-yu , Han Hai-bo , Zhang Chen-guang , Bai Yan-hua , Xing Xiao-Fang , Cheng Xiao-jing , Du Hong , Hu Ying , Wang Xiao-Hong , Jia Yong-Ning , Nie Meng-Lin , Xie Meng , Li Qing-Da , Ji Jia-Fu
Published: January 2019

ISL1, a LIM-homeodomain transcription factor, serves as a biomarker of metastasis in multiple tumors. However, the function and underlying mechanisms of ISL1 in gastric cancer (GC) have not been fully elucidated. Here we found that ISL1 was frequently overexpressed in GC FFPE samples (104/196, 53.06%), and associated with worse clinical outcomes. Furthermore, the overexpression of ISL1 and loss-of-function of ISL1 influenced cell proliferation, invasion and migration in vitro and in vivo, including GC patient-derived xenograft models. We used ChIP-seq and RNA-seq to identify that ISL1 influenced the regulation of H3K4 methylation and bound to ZEB1, a key regulator of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Meanwhile, we validated ISL1 as activating ZEB1 promoter through influencing H3K4me3. We confirmed that a complex between ISL1 and SETD7 (a histone H3K4-specific methyltransferase) can directly bind to the ZEB1 promoter to activate its expression in GC cells by immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, and ChIP-re-ChIP. Moreover, ZEB1 expression was significantly positively correlated with ISL1 and was positively associated with a worse outcome in primary GC specimens. Our paper uncovers a molecular mechanism of ISL1 promoting metastasis of GC through binding to the ZEB1 promoter together with co-factor SETD7. ISL1 might be a potential prognostic biomarker of GC.
An injectable self-healing coordinative hydrogel with antibacterial and angiogenic properties for diabetic skin wound repair
Authors: Chen Hao , Cheng Ruoyu , Zhao Xin , Zhang Yuhui , Tam Allison , Yan Yufei , Shen Haokai , Zhang Yu Shrike , Qi Jin , Feng Yonghai , Liu Lei , Pan Guoqing , Cui Wenguo , Deng Lianfu
Published: January 2019

We report here an injectable, self-healing coordinative hydrogel with antibacterial and angiogenic properties for diabetic wound regeneration. The hydrogel was prepared by coordinative cross-linking of multi-arm thiolated polyethylene glycol (SH-PEG) with silver nitrate (AgNO3). Due to the dynamic nature of Ag-S coordination bond and bacteria-killing activity of Ag+, the resultant coordinative hydrogel featured self-healing, injectable and antibacterial properties. In this study, we synchronously loaded an angiogenic drug, desferrioxamine (DFO), in the coordinative hydrogel during cross-linking. We finally obtained a multifunctional hydrogel that is manageable, resistant to mechanical irritation, antibacterial and angiogenic in vitro. Our in vivo studies further demonstrated that the injectable self-healing hydrogel could efficiently repair diabetic skin wounds with low bacteria-infection and enhance angiogenic activity. In short, besides diabetic skin wound repair, such dynamic multifunctional hydrogel scaffolds would show great promise in the regeneration of different types of exposed wounds, in particular, in situations with disturbed physiological functions, high risk of bacterial infections, and external mechanical irritation.
Single-cell RNA-seq denoising using a deep count autoencoder
Authors: Eraslan Gökcen , Simon Lukas M. , Mircea Maria , Mueller Nikola S. , Theis Fabian J.
Published: January 2019

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has enabled researchers to study gene expression at a cellular resolution. However, noise due to amplification and dropout may obstruct analyses, so scalable denoising methods for increasingly large but sparse scRNA-seq data are needed. We propose a deep count autoencoder network (DCA) to denoise scRNA-seq datasets. DCA takes the count distribution, overdispersion and sparsity of the data into account using a negative binomial noise model with or without zero-inflation, and nonlinear gene-gene dependencies are captured. Our method scales linearly with the number of cells and can, therefore, be applied to datasets of millions of cells. We demonstrate that DCA denoising improves a diverse set of typical scRNA-seq data analyses using simulated and real datasets. DCA outperforms existing methods for data imputation in quality and speed, enhancing biological discovery.
Neuronal evidence for good-based economic decisions under variable action costs
Authors: Cai Xinying , Padoa-Schioppa Camillo
Published: January 2019

Previous work showed that economic decisions can be made independently of spatial contingencies. However, when goods available for choice bear different action costs, the decision necessarily reflects aspects of the action. One possibility is that “stimulus values” are combined with the corresponding action costs in a motor representation, and decisions are then made in actions space. Alternatively, action costs could be integrated with other determinants of value in a non-spatial representation. If so, decisions under variable action costs could take place in goods space. Here, we recorded from orbitofrontal cortex while monkeys chose between different juices offered in variable amounts. We manipulated action costs by varying the saccade amplitude, and we dissociated in time and space offer presentation from action planning. Neurons encoding the binary choice outcome did so well before the presentation of saccade targets, indicating that decisions were made in goods space.
Comparative oncogenomics identifies combinations of driver genes and drug targets in BRCA1-mutated breast cancer
Authors: Annunziato Stefano , de Ruiter Julian R. , Henneman Linda , Brambillasca Chiara S. , Lutz Catrin , Vaillant François , Ferrante Federica , Drenth Anne Paulien , van der Burg Eline , Siteur Bjørn , van Gerwen Bas , de Bruijn Roebi , van Miltenburg Martine H. , Huijbers Ivo J. , van de Ven Marieke , Visvader Jane E. , Lindeman Geoffrey J. , Wessels Lodewyk F. A. , Jonkers Jos
Published: January 2019

BRCA1-mutated breast cancer is primarily driven by DNA copy-number alterations (CNAs) containing large numbers of candidate driver genes. Validation of these candidates requires novel approaches for high-throughput in vivo perturbation of gene function. Here we develop genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of BRCA1-deficient breast cancer that permit rapid introduction of putative drivers by either retargeting of GEMM-derived embryonic stem cells, lentivirus-mediated somatic overexpression or in situ CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene disruption. We use these approaches to validate Myc, Met, Pten and Rb1 as bona fide drivers in BRCA1-associated mammary tumorigenesis. Iterative mouse modeling and comparative oncogenomics analysis show that MYC-overexpression strongly reshapes the CNA landscape of BRCA1-deficient mammary tumors and identify MCL1 as a collaborating driver in these tumors. Moreover, MCL1 inhibition potentiates the in vivo efficacy of PARP inhibition (PARPi), underscoring the therapeutic potential of this combination for treatment of BRCA1-mutated cancer patients with poor response to PARPi monotherapy.
Ultrafast hole transfer mediated by polaron pairs in all-polymer photovoltaic blends
Authors: Wang Rui , Yao Yao , Zhang Chunfeng , Zhang Yindong , Bin Haijun , Xue Lingwei , Zhang Zhi-Guo , Xie Xiaoyu , Ma Haibo , Wang Xiaoyong , Li Yongfang , Xiao Min
Published: January 2019

The charge separation yield at a bulk heterojunction sets the upper efficiency limit of an organic solar cell. Ultrafast charge transfer processes in polymer/fullerene blends have been intensively studied but much less is known about these processes in all-polymer systems. Here, we show that interfacial charge separation can occur through a polaron pair-derived hole transfer process in all-polymer photovoltaic blends, which is a fundamentally different mechanism compared to the exciton-dominated pathway in the polymer/fullerene blends. By utilizing ultrafast optical measurements, we have clearly identified an ultrafast hole transfer process with a lifetime of about 3 ps mediated by photo-excited polaron pairs which has a markedly high quantum efficiency of about 97%. Spectroscopic data show that excitons act as spectators during the efficient hole transfer process. Our findings suggest an alternative route to improve the efficiency of all-polymer solar devices by manipulating polaron pairs.
OVX836 a recombinant nucleoprotein vaccine inducing cellular responses and protective efficacy against multiple influenza A subtypes
Authors: Del Campo Judith , Pizzorno Andres , Djebali Sophia , Bouley Julien , Haller Marjorie , Pérez-Vargas Jimena , Lina Bruno , Boivin Guy , Hamelin Marie-Eve , Nicolas Florence , Le Vert Alexandre , Leverrier Yann , Rosa-Calatrava Manuel , Marvel Jacqueline , Hill Fergal
Published: January 2019

Inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs) lack broad efficacy. Cellular immunity to a conserved internal antigen, the nucleoprotein (NP), has been correlated to protection against pandemic and seasonal influenza and thus could have the potential to broaden vaccine efficacy. We developed OVX836, a recombinant protein vaccine based on an oligomerized NP, which shows increased uptake by dendritic cells and immunogenicity compared with NP. Intramuscular immunization in mice with OVX836 induced strong NP-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell systemic responses and established CD8+ tissue memory T cells in the lung parenchyma. Strikingly, OVX836 protected mice against viral challenge with three different influenza A subtypes, isolated several decades apart and induced a reduction in viral load. When co-administered with IIV, OVX836 was even more effective in reducing lung viral load.