bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF PADA IBU YANG MEMILIKI BAYI UMUR 6-11 BULAN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KECAMATAN TAMBANG KABUPATEN KAMPAR TAHUN 2015
Authors: Maulidaniah Siti
Published: June 2021

Organisasi dunia yang bergerak dalam perlindungan anak (UNICEF) menyatakan pada sebuah analisa intervensi ditemukan, yaitu pemberian ASI selama 6 bulan dapat menyelamatkan 1,3 juta bayi diseluruh dunia termasuk 22% nyawa yang melayang setelah kelahiran. Di Indonesia cakupanpemberian ASI eksklusifmasihrendahdanmenunjukkanperkembangan yang sangatlambat. Di Kabupaten Kampar pada tahun 2009 cakupan pemberian ASI eksklusif hanya mencapai angka 19,53%.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya Proporsi dan Faktor-faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif Pada Ibu Yang Memiliki Bayi Umur 6-11 Bulan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kecamatan Tambang Kabupaten Kampar tahun 2015, yaitu : Pengetahuan, Sikap, Keluarga, Petugas Kesehatan, Pekerjaa, Pendidikan, Paritas dan Umur. Penelitian ini bersifat Kuantitatif Analitik Observasional dengan jenis desain Analytic Cross Sectional. Dengan jumlah populasi penelitian 669 orang dan sampel sebanyak 203 orang yang diambil secara Systematic random sampling. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dengan Uji Chi Square dan multivariat dengan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi Ibu dengan ASI Eksklusif 28 orang (13,79%). Hasil multivariat yang berhubungan sifnifikan dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif yaitu; Sikap POR 4,0 (CI:95% 1,527-10,481), Pengetahuan POR 2,9 (CI:95% 1,179-7,229) dan Dukungan Keluarga POR 2,9 (CI:95% 1,206-7,222). Disarankan bagi ibu dan keluarga ibu untuk memberikan ASI secara Eksklusif kepada bayinya dan tidak mudah terpengaruh pada iklan susu formula. Kata Kunci     :           Pemberian ASI Eksklusif, Sikap, Pengetahuan, Dukungan  keluarga
Sistem Konten Pembelajaran di Indonesia : Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Fudholi Dhomas Hatta , Hanifuddin Insanur , Mulyati Sri
Published: June 2021

Wikipedia is the largest web-based digital encyclopedia today that contains almost all knowledge in general. On Wikipedia many readers have difficulty finding accurate information about the topic they are looking for, as content on Wikipedia usually contains only an overview of the topic referenced from some existing references. This study aims to examine Wikipedia, other encyclopedias and other online media that contain specific topics with their target users. The study was conducted on literature related to Wikipedia, encyclopedias, education and children's interests, especially at the elementary school level. Literature search is done by including some of the main keywords in Google Scholar such as "Wikipedia", "encyclopedia", "elementary school curriculum", "educational content" and "learning media". Literature is also obtained through the official website of the Ministry of Education and Culture which contains elementary and junior high school education standards, educational assessment standards, and literacy and numeration learning modules at elementary level. The results of literature analysis include 4 classifications based on topics, namely evaluation of usage, content, online learning and media. Based on the results of the analysis found that there has not been much research on the digital encyclopedia for education.
Perbandingan Convolutional Neural Network pada Transfer Learning Method untuk Mengklasifikasikan Sel Darah Putih
Authors: Wonohadidjojo Daniel Martomanggolo
Published: June 2021

Analisis struktur WBC dari gambar mikroskopis dan klasifikasi sel menjadi beberapa jenis merupakan tantangan. Meskipun sel darah putih dapat dibedakan berdasarkan bentuk, warna dan ukurannya, satu aspek yang menantang adalah bahwa mereka dikelilingi oleh komponen darah lain seperti sel darah merah dan trombosit. Pada penelitian ini diterapkan metode transfer learning dengan menggunakan empat arsitektur jaringan yang telah dilatih sebelumnya untuk mengklasifikasikan citra sel darah putih. Arsitektur jaringan yang digunakan adalah AlexNet, GoogleNet, ResNet-50 dan VGG-16. Analisis komparatif kinerja arsitektur ini dilakukan dalam mengklasifikasikan citra tersebut. Metode evaluasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan Confusion Matrix. Metrik kinerja yang diukur dalam evaluasi adalah Accuracy, Precision, Recall dan Fmeasure. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua arsitektur berhasil mengklasifikasikan sel darah putih dengan menggunakan metode transfer learning. ResNet-50 adalah arsitektur jaringan yang menunjukkan kinerja tertinggi dalam mengklasifikasikan citra sel darah putih.
Prediksi Akurasi Kemenangan Pada Permainan Poker Menggunakan Algortima C5.0 Dan WIPSO
Authors: Januarsyah M. Fariz , Ermatita Ermatita
Published: June 2021

Di era teknologi informasi, banyak sekali data yang bisa diambil dari aktivitas manusia yang berbasis sistem komputer. Namun sistem tidak hanya terdapat pada komputer saja, akan tetapi disemua bidang kehidupan manusia, baik dari segi kesehatan, keamanan bahkan dalam game dimana kumpulan data dari kegiatan tersebut menjadi database yang dapat digunakan untuk mencari ilmu baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi akurasi permainan poker menggunakan algoritma Weight Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (WIPSO) untuk pemilihan atribut yang kemudian menggunakan algoritma C5.0 untuk memprediksi akurasi. Sebelum diolah, dataset akan diubah dari 11 atribut menjadi 6 atribut. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa akurasi kartu poker akan meningkat, jika menggunakan algoritma C5.0 akurasi yang diperoleh adalah 49.952% sedangkan akurasi yang diperoleh dengan algoritma C5.0 + WIPSO adalah 51.2%.
COVID-19: human immune response and the influence of food ingredients and active compounds
Authors: Ayivi Raphael , Ibrahim Salam , Colleran Heather , Silva Roberta , Williams Leonard , Galanakis Charis , Fidan Hafize , Tomovska Julijana , Siddiqui Shahida Anusha
Published: June 2021

The human immune system is the first line of defense in the prevention of viruses and diseases, and several immune response mechanisms are engaged at the onset of a pathogenic attack. In this review, we elucidate the human immune system as a critical element in protecting humans from COVID-19 by describing the immune process, explaining how the immune system functions, and highlighting the immune system’s global importance in fighting infections. Potential challenges that limit the  proper functioning of the immune system are also discussed. In addition, we address the impact of nutrition on boosting the body’s defenses against COVID-19. For example, some foods and active compounds from food ingredients have been suggested as a way to strengthen the immune system. Physical exercise has also been encouraged as an important way to support the immune response to viral infections. The aim of this review is thus to outline holistic self-defense immunity mechanisms that can help to reduce the risk of viral infections in humans. This review could therefore be used as a comprehensive resource for educating consumers and the general public about measures that can enhance the body’s immune support system as we continue to fight COVID-19 and its variants.Keywords: Immunity, Covid-19 COVID-19, Nutrition, Bioactive compounds, Food Ingredients
DIET OF EIGHT SPECIES OF LIZARDS FROM GRANITE GAP, HIDALGO COUNTY, NEW MEXICO
Authors: Han Dawei , Johnson Alyssa , Ney Laura , Oberman Whitney , Pugh Madison , Timper Lauren , Montgomery Chad E. , Paulissen Mark A.
Published: June 2021

Granite Gap is a desert scrub habitat located in the Chihuahuan Desert in southwestern New Mexico about 200 km from the Texas border. In May 2016, we collected specimens of eight lizard species, six of which range into Texas: Callisaurus draconoides, Cophosaurus texanus, Uta stansburiana, Urosaurus ornatus, Gambelia wislizenii, and Aspidoscelis sonorae (a parthenogenetic species), plus two species not found in Texas: Sceloporus clarkii and Aspidoscelis tigris. We analyzed stomach contents of the preserved lizards and computed diet breadth and overlap for each. All lizard species consumed arthropods only. Considering the entire sample, there was a significant correlation between lizard snout-vent length (SVL) and total volume of arthropods consumed, and between lizard SVL and mean volume per prey item, but not between lizard SVL and number of arthropods consumed. This suggests larger lizards did not consume more arthropods than smaller lizards, but they did consume larger ones. Overall, A. sonorae was the most specialized lizard species at Granite Gap whereas C. texanus seemed to be the most generalized owing to its high numeric and high volumetric diet breadth. The dietary overlap data suggest there were two groups of lizards at Granite Gap: one that consumes a large number and volume of termites (Callisaurus, Cophosaurus, and the two species of Aspidoscelis) and the other that consumes a large number and volume of ants (Uta, Urosaurus, small Sceloporus) plus cicadas when lizard size is large enough to consume them (large Sceloporus and Gambelia).
CREDIT SUPPORT FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT: COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF UKRAINE AND KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Kovalenko V. , Sheludko S. , Sergeeva O. , Kyriazova T. , Yesina O.
Published: June 2021

The paper examines the current features of bank lending to agricultural enterprises in Ukraine and Kazakhstan. It is proved that the agricultural entrepreneurship of the compared countries’ economies increasingly needs the financial investments, necessary for the renewal and technological modernization of production. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the state of lending to agricultural enterprises in Ukraine and Kazakhstan, study its volume, identify the main directions of changes in its structure by type of credit services, as well as assess trends and prospects for its development. Section 1 of the article identifies the features of banks’ credit policy concerning lending to agricultural enterprises. It is presented the methodological approach to the comparative assessment of the development of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine and Kazakhstan. It is identified the main provisions of strategies for the development of agricultural production in Ukraine and Kazakhstan. It is substantiated features of banks’ credit policy in lending to agricultural enterprises, which restrain the active growth of lending to the agro-industrial complex. Section 2 of the article provides a comparative description of Ukraine and Kazakhstan in terms of credit support to the industry. It is established that the most attractive for bank lending are large agricultural enterprises in terms of production and yield. It is proved the importance of direct state financial support for economic entities of the agro-industrial complex through the mechanisms of cheaper loans and compensation of lease payments. In the final section, the authors highlight the key priorities of accelerating the development of bank lending to agricultural enterprises in Ukraine and Kazakhstan by increasing budget support, rational use of budget funds, lower interest rates for agriculture, improving methods of assessing the creditworthiness of borrowers with concern of specific production.
INTERACTION BETWEEN INNOVATION FORESIGHT AND ENSURING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF BUSINESS STRUCTURES
Authors: Mukhamedkhanova A.B. , Tulemetova A. S. , Zhurynov G.M.
Published: June 2021

The problems of ensuring effective management and forming competitiveness of industrial enterprises are relevant regardless of the conditions for conducting business activities. The fact is that the competitiveness of business structures in modern conditions is not ensured by simply owning factors of production (labor, capital, land), and even entrepreneurial talent is not currently a source of obtaining stable or exclusive competitive advantages. In order to obtain sustainable or exclusive competitive advantages that constitute strategic competitiveness, the business structure needs to have an intellectual (educational) component of development, including the production and implementation of innovations, as well as readiness for changes. Subject of research. On the basis of innovative foresight, ensuring the competitiveness of business structures of the production industry is a set of organizational, managerial and economic relations that arise in the process of formation. Purpose and objectives of the study. Development of proposals to improve the competitiveness of business structures based on innovative foresight. A number of theoretical, methodological and practical issues related to the formation and implementation of a strategy for managing the innovative development of entrepreneurial structures based on innovative foresight remain insufficiently studied and require further development of rules for its creation and functioning. At the same time, despite a detailed description of the problems of strategic management of innovative development of business structures, the research of foreign scientists was carried out in relation to the relatively stable conditions of the economy of developed countries, the practical application of the mechanisms proposed by them in the conditions of the Kazakh economy requires mandatory revision, taking into account the specifics of the modern economy and industry.
EDUCATION PERFORMANCE AUDIT
Authors: Maisigova L.A. , Serikova M.A. , Moldashbayeva L.Р. , Zhumatayeva B.А. , Varaksa N.G.
Published: June 2021

In the modern era, priority among the means used in management and affecting the quality of services provided in the field of education in developed countries is given to professional standards created by employer associations, qualification requirements for graduates of educational institutions, which are formed by industry associations and professional associations, monitoring of educational institutions and educational programs carried out by rating agencies, public accreditation of higher education institutions, which Delivered by expert agencies. The category of these tools includes an audit of efficiency in the field of education as an integral part of the quality management mechanism of higher education, which allows you to combine an external assessment of its quality. This determines the relevance of the topic of the present study. The authors express the opinion that in modern Russia there are practically no scientific studies on the interaction of existing performance audit systems with the financial control system, as well as the review of control functions contained in each type of accounting. The lack of theoretical development restrains the development of individual control systems. It is concluded that a high level of material and technical support for the activities of educational institutions and the introduction of the latest achievements of science and technology can be achieved through adequate funding and its effective use. Also, the authors concluded that the auditor owns, uses and manages significantly larger instruments than those mobilized in the process of conducting a financial audit. Therefore, an audit of effectiveness should become an integral part of the state audit, should cover everything that the legislation of the country refers to the conduct of education.
CONTROL FUNCTION OF PARLIAMENT AND PRINCIPLE OF DIVISION OF POWERS
Authors: Altybaeva A.T.
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes using the normative and systematic methods, as well as analysis and synthesis, the content of the statements of the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic «On Regulations of the Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic», decisions of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court of the Kyrgyz Republic and the works of legal scholars. The article is devoted to the study of the postulate that the principle of division of powers has a deep theoretical basis, which has been developed since existence of institution of state and is aimed at identifying clear boundaries of authority between individual branches of government in order to build their structure so that they serve society. The author came to the conclusion that parliamentary control is in direct connection with the principle of division of powers, in this system it serves and acts as element of mutual control of branches of government. The judiciary today also unequivocally determines inadmissibility of overarching function, the priority role of legislative branch over other parts of government. Parliamentary control is in direct connection with the principle of division of powers, in this system it serves and acts as an element of mutual control of branches of government. According to the author, presence of such control in practice constantly leads to idea of the priority role of legislative branch, which leads to weakening of principle of division of powers. However, it should be noted the implementation of control powers is not aimed at determining the priority of legislative branch in system of division of powers; parliamentary control only organizationally implements of existing powers of parliament.
«ТІЛ КӨРНЕКІЛІГІ» – ӨЗГЕШЕ ТАНЫМ ӘЛЕМІ (А. Байтұрсынұлының «Әдебиет танытқышы» негізінде)
Authors: Orazaliyeva E. N.
Published: June 2021

А. Байтұрсынұлы тіл ғылымында алғашқылар қатарында экстралингвистикалық талдаулар тізбегін жасады. Тілші «сана-саңлауы» ұғымын пайдалана отырып, танымдық бірліктің тілдік зерттеуде атқарар қызметін, өзіндік орнын айқындауға тырысты. Сөз мағынасының ауысып қолдануын, сол арқылы ой көркемдігінің жүзеге асуын дәйектеген А. Байтұрсынұлы «қиял байлығына қарайтын» көркем сөзде орын алатын көріктеу, меңзеу, әсерлеу формаларын танымдық қабылдаудың, зейін мен зерденің дерек көзіне айналдыра сипаттады. Зерттеуші тілдік фактілерді сұрыптай келе, кез келген лингвистикалық еңбектің бір ғана тіл негіздеріне сүйене жазылмайтындығын ескерте отырып, тіл ғылымындағы салыстырмалы зерттеулердің маңызын атап көрсетті. Адамға тән екі ғаламның сабақтастығын дәлелдеу мақсатында оның психологиялық эмоционалды көңіл-күйін қияли танымның, ойлы сезімнің өзегіне айналдыра сипаттау арқылы тілші олардың біреулері бойына біткен сипат болса, екіншілері адамның қосқан, таңған сипаттары болады деп қорытындылады. Ғалымның пайымдауынша адам әсерлер жігін тек лепті, әсерлі, көрнекті, сәнді, тіл арқылы ғана баяндап жеткізе алады, яғни кез келген құбылысқа өз қарым-қатынасын білдіру мүмкіндігіне ие болады. Нәтижесінде тіл мен ойлау байланысынан туындайтын психологиялық реңктер тілтанымдық фактілердің қабылдану өзгешелігін дәйектейтін болғандықтан, адам дүниеге әкелген сөз үлгілері де, олардың функционалдысемантикалық өзгешеліктері де танымдық процестің салдарын айқындады. Анығырақ айтқанда, «шешен сөз», «толғау» сияқты әдеби шығармалар адам-дүние-тіл ұғымдарының «зор іліккен» байланысын уәждейтін психологиялық таным тұрғысынан сұрыпталды. Танымдық зерттеулердің пәнаралық негізін дәйектейтін факторлардың бірі – когнитологияда пәлсапалық әдістердің қолданыс табуы, диалектика ұстанымдарының таным процесінде жүзеге асуы. Адамтанудың басты қағидаларын сұрыптаған аталмыш ғылым саласы алғашқы философиялық ой-пікірлердің тізбегін ұсына отырып, қоршаған әлем мен құбылыстар туралы, олардың адам дамуына әсері мен өзара сабақтастығы хақында құнды деректердің дүниеге келуіне себепкер болды. Олардың қатарында адамның объективті дүниені тануы, оны ой елегінен өткізуі, қабылдаған мәліметтерді саралауы, сол арқылы болмыс пен шындықтың, табиғат пен қоғамның өзгешеліктерін түсіндіруі секілді проблемалар да зерттеу нысанын құра бастағандықтан, А. Байтұрсынұлы тіл табиғатын анықтау, оның адамзат өмірінде атқарар қызметін жүйелеу, сөз өнерінің танымдық үрдістерін саралау, сол арқылы тілдік құралдардың ғаламдық құбылыстармен сабақтастығын танып-білу негіздерін сұрыптау мақсатын көздеді.
НЕБО НОМАДОВ ВЕЛИКОЙ СТЕПИ
Authors: Терещенко В.М.
Published: June 2021

Статья посвящена представлениям древних кочевников Великой Степи о звездном небе и наиболее ярких светилах на нем. Несмотря на отсутствие письменных источников о наблюдениях кочевниками Великой Степи небесных светил, все же имеются некоторые факты, подтверждающие проведение ими простейших наблюдений за небесными телами и наличие у них астрономических представлений. Однако до настоящего времени комплексного анализа этих фактов не проводилось. Данное обстоятельство послужило основным поводом для выполнения настоящей работы. Для подтверждения тезиса о наличии астрономических представлений у кочевников мы привлекли их богатую мифологию, религиозные воззрения, данные археоастрономии и нумизматику улуса Джучи. Мифы, как известно, отражают «силу и эстетику степной цивилизации», систему взглядов наших предков на окружающий мир в целом. В настоящей работе мы рассматривали только «астральные» мифы. Номады до принятия ислама исповедовали тенгрианство. В этой религии главным божеством является бог неба – Тенгри. Определенная ориентация некоторых «курганов с усами» идейно близка к знаменитому историческому памятнику-обсерватории Стоунхенджу, что тоже свидетельствует об астрономических познаниях кочевников. Важные сведения об астрономических представлениях разных этносов в разные эпохи предоставляет нумизматика – вспомогательная историческая дисциплина. Мы привлекли результаты исследований монет, обнаруженных в древних столицах улуса Джучи: Сарае и Новом Сарае. На некоторых монетах отчеканены изображения знаков зодиакальных созвездий. Российскими археологами доказано, что обнаруженные монеты изготовлены на территории древнего государственного образования кочевников Великой Степи. И, наконец, в одной из столиц улуса Джучи – Сарай Берке были обнаружены фрагменты двух угломерных астрономических инструментов, что, пусть и косвенно, указывает на астрономические изыскания кочевников. В совокупности представленные в статье факты говорят о довольно значительном уровне астрономических знаний и представлений у кочевников Великой Степи. Вместе с тем, они стимулируют дальнейшие поиски в этом направлении для более веского подтверждения этого тезиса.
MARKET COMPETITION AT THE LEVEL OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Gerasymchuk N. A. , Stepasyuk L.M. , Titenko Z.M. , Yermolenko I.M.
Published: June 2021

The article proved that in the context of European integration, the intensification of competition between producers becomes a major factor of the consolidation and unification of various economic entities, because this is one of the main ways to increase competitiveness, which in turn leads to market concentration. The investigation of the market structure, its type, and hence the economic processes occurring in it, is directly related to determining the state of the competitive environment, its assessment and study of the possibilities of restricting or developing competition. The article reveals the basic principles of development of agricultural enterprises, highlights the problems and prospects of their development in a competitive environment. The importance of concentration indicators in the context of the relationship between monopoly power and the level of concentration of sellers in the market is substantiated. Methodological aspects of using the market concentration index and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index are analysed; their advantages, disadvantages and possibilities of use in the process of market structure research, its type, state of competitive environment and degree of monopolization are revealed. In the process of research the concentration of agricultural markets, it was found that there was a moderate level in almost all types of products in Ukraine, only the pork market is highly concentrated. Analysis of the competitiveness of agricultural products shows that a significant market share is occupied by crops such as sunflower and corn. Studies show that there are certain types of products that have a high level of profitability, including rapeseed and barley, but they occupy a small market share. It is established that to ensure competitive production of agricultural products requires state support of the industry through the provision of tax and credit benefits to enterprises that implement modern business methods. Further prospects for the development of the agricultural sector in Ukraine have been identified.
SMART-SPECIALIZATION DEVELOPMENT OF FARMS
Authors: Hutorov A. , Gutorov O. , Krasnorutskyy O. , Groshev S. , Yermolenko O.
Published: June 2021

Looking for ways to increasing efficiency of farms is an important national economic problem. At the same time, priorities should be given to endogenous factors of economic development. Moreover, the experience of the most successful farmers has shown that smart-specialization as a concept of sustainable, innovative and niche agricultural production has a high potential for improving management efficiency now. The aim of the research is to form the scientific bases for farms smart-specialization development. The conceptual fundamentals of development the smart-specialization of Ukrainian farms are outlined, which are based on the principles of innovativeness and competence of farmers, entrepreneurial search, rational production specialization, economic, environmental and social efficiency of land use, intensification of inter-farm interaction. It has been substantiated that transition to the smart-specialization makes it possible to reorient farms to a model of innovatively-oriented strategic specialized diversification of agricultural production, intensive, integrated growth in niche segments of the agrarian market under the conditions of the optimal realization of their land and resource potential, limited effect of economies of scale in farms and competitive pressure. It has been shown, that the system of managerial decisions in the conditions of smart-specialization of farms should be based on the balance of ensuring maximum efficiency or sensitivity of production to changes in market conditions. In the first case, a production should be more flexible, but less specialized. In the second case, a specialization will be narrow with the maximum full utilization of production capacities of the economy. Focusing on the product it is necessary to determine the optimal volume of production, based on market demand, taking into account seasonality. Two-way communication with production shows the interdependence of these factors on the level and chosen direction of the smartspecialization of a farm, causing a wide or narrow range of production, as well as the dynamics of the level of finished goods inventories. In order to increasing efficiency of farms in the transition to the smartspecialization model, the creation of the national information center (hub) for farming development on the basis of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Ukraine have been promised.
Experimental analysis of crack evolution in concrete by the acoustic emission technique
Authors: J. Saliba  , A. Loukili  , J.P. Regoin  , D. Grégoire  , L. Verdon  , G. Pijaudier-Cabot
Published: June 2021

The fracture process zone (FPZ) was investigated on unnotched and notched beams with different notch depths. Three point bending tests were realized on plain concrete under crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) control. Crack growth was monitored by applying the acoustic emission (AE) technique. In order to improve our understanding of the FPZ, the width and length of the FPZ were followed based on the AE source locations maps and several AE parameters were studied during the entire loading process. The bvalue analysis, defined as the log-linear slope of the frequency-magnitude distribution of acoustic emissions, was also carried out to describe quantitatively the influence of the relative notch depth on the fracture process. The results show that the number of AE hits increased with the decrease of the relative notch depth and an important AE energy dissipation was observed at the crack initiation in unnotched beams. In addition, the relative notch depth influenced the AE characteristics, the process of crack propagation, and the brittleness of concrete.
Effect of inhomogeneous distribution of non-metallic inclusions on crack path deflection in G42CrMo4 steel at different loading rates
Authors: S. Henschel  , L. Krüger
Published: June 2021

An inhomogeneous distribution of non-metallic inclusions can result from the steel casting process. The aim of the present study was to investigate the damaging effect of an inhomogeneous distribution of nonmetallic inclusions on the crack extension behavior. To this end, the fracture toughness behavior in terms of quasi-static J-?a curves was determined at room temperature. Additionally, dynamic fracture mechanics tests in an instrumented Charpy impact-testing machine were performed. The fracture surface of fracture mechanics specimens was analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that an inhomogeneous distribution significantly affected the path and, therefore, the plane of crack growth. Especially clusters of non-metallic inclusions with a size of up to 200 ?m exhibited a very low crack growth resistance. Due to the damaging effect of the clusters, the growing crack was strongly deflected towards the cluster. Furthermore, crack tip blunting was completely inhibited when inclusions were located at the fatigue precrack tip. Due to the large size of the non-metallic inclusion clusters, the height difference introduced by crack path deflection was significantly larger than the stretch zone height due to the crack tip blunting. However, the crack path deflection introduced by a cluster was not associated with a toughness increasing mechanism. The dynamic loading ( 1 0.5 5 s MPam 10 ? ? K? ) did not result in a transition from ductile fracture to brittle fracture. However, the crack growth resistance decreased with increased loading rate. This was attributed to the higher portion of relatively flat regions where the dimples were less distinct.
Graphene as a model system for 2D fracture behavior of perfect and defective solids
Authors: P. Hess
Published: June 2021

A 2D bond-breaking model is presented that allows the extraction of the intrinsic line or edge energy, fracture toughness, and strain energy release rate of graphene from measured and calculated 2D Young’s moduli and 2D pristine strengths. The ideal fracture stress of perfect graphene is compared with the critical fracture stresses of defective graphene sheets containing different types of imperfections. This includes (multiple) vacancies in the subnanometer range, grain boundaries, slits in the nanometer region, and artificial pre-cracks with sizes of 30 nm to 1 ?m. Independent of the type of defect, a common dependence of the critical fracture strength on the square root of half defect size is observed. Furthermore, the results suggest the applicability of the Griffith relation at length scales of several nanometers. This observation is not consistent with simulations pointing to the existence of a flaw tolerance for defects with nanometer size. According to simulations for quasi-static growth of pre-existing cracks, the atomic mechanism may also consist of an alternating sequence of bond-breaking and bond-rotation steps with a straight extension of the crack path. Independent of the exact atomic failure mechanism brittle fracture of graphene is generally assumed at low temperatures.
Influence of control parameters on the crack paths in the aluminum alloy 2024 under bending
Authors: E. Marcisz  , D. Rozumek  , Z. Marciniak
Published: June 2021

The paper presents development of crack paths in aluminium alloy 2024. Fatigue tests were carried out for specimens with rectangular cross-section. The specimens were put to bending at controlled energy parameter amplitude and bending moment amplitude. The proposed method of conducting research with the controlled energy parameter has been presented in [1]. The energy parameter model proposed by Macha has been used in the tests. Tests with controlled energy parameter amplitude allow observing crack growth depending on maximum shearing stress surface. Tests with controlled bending moment amplitude allowed observing two types of crack paths.
Effect of centrifugal load on crack path in thin-rimmed and webbed gears
Authors: F. Curà  , A. Mura  , C. Rosso
Published: June 2021

Thin rimmed and webbed gears are used in particular applications to reduce systems weight. This kind of gears need an accurate and fail safe design. As a matter of fact, a possible failure, due to bending fatigue, consists in crack nucleation and consequent growth, in particular in the tooth root zone. These cracks may propagate through the tooth or through the rim. Crack propagation direction is basically influenced by the wheel geometry parameters, above all the rim thickness. Studies available in literature emphasize three ranges for the backup ratio values, involving different behaviors. These ranges are related to the crack propagation paths; respectively through the tooth, through the rim and in an unforeseeable way. This last uncertainty zone depends on other parameters, related to both geometry and loading conditions. In this work the effect of wheel speed related to the bending load has been investigated. The investigation has been carried out by means of numerical models involving both 2D finite element and extended finite element models (XFEM). Results shows that both crack initiation point and crack propagation path are strongly influenced by centrifugal load; this effect is mainly evident in the uncertainty zone of the backup ratio.
Defect detection of wire rope for oil well based on adaptive angle
Authors: Zhang Jijun  , Meng Xiangqing
Published: June 2021

This paper uses a digital image processing method which is based on texture feature of steel cable to detect the fracture of steel wire. At first, it uses a modified homomorphic filtering method to eliminate environment heterogeneous shining. Next, it obtains the body image of the steel line by using the method of edge detecting and section counting filtering to detect the bunch part of steel wire. By using an improved Radon transformation method to indicate if those steel wire are in good condition or not. Finally, by using BP neural network model it aims to judge the final result. Test result shows that this method is easy to use and fulfill real time request.
Modeling of the stress-strain relationship for specimens made of S355J0 steel subjected to bending block loading with mean load
Authors: R. Pawliczek  , C.T Lachowicz
Published: June 2021

The paper presents results of calculation for modelling of the stressstrain relationship in the case of block loads with mean load value. A model, based on the stable hysteresis loops, was assumed and modified to use for block loading analysis. For stress history calculation, the proposed model and two other constitutive models were used. Results of fatigue test of specimens made of S355J0 steel subjected to bending block loading with mean load value are presented and used to verify the proposed model. In the tests, the mean load was increased and decreased in subsequent blocks. The changes of strain recorded during the tests shown in the paper indicate a different behavior of the material. Damage accumulation degree for block sequence was used to compare the results of calculations. It was shown, that stress history parameters (stress amplitude and mean stress value in this case) are similar for all investigated models.
Wirkung, Einfluss und Folgen im Mehrebenendesign – Steuerungsstrategien zur elterlichen Arbeitsteilung und ihre Übersetzung
Authors: Lisa Yashodhara Haller
Published: June 2021

Die Persistenz geschlechtlicher Arbeitsteilung im Anschluss an die Familiengründung fordert sowohl familienpolitische Steuerungsstrategien als auch deren Untersuchung heraus. Häufig wird in Wirkungsanalysen deterministisch vorausgesetzt, dass sich die staatliche Steuerungsfunktion unmittelbar auf die Handlungen von Subjekten auswirkt; das greift jedoch zu kurz. Ob ein Steuerungsziel erreicht wird, hat wesentlich mit den Interpretationen des Steuerungsinstrumentes und der entsprechenden Bedeutungszuschreibung auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen der Vermittlung und nicht zuletzt durch die adressierten Eltern zu tun. Letztere erzeugen insofern die Wirkung staatlicher Steuerung, statt sie nur zu beziehen. Der Beitrag fragt, wie Wirkung – begriffen als Übersetzung der Steuerungsabsicht durch interpersonelle Deutungen verschiedener Akteur*innen auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen der Politikvermittlung – konzeptualisiert werden kann. Dazu werden der Stand der Auseinandersetzung um die Analyse und Feststellung von Wirkung, Einfluss und Folgen staatlicher Steuerungsinstrumente dargestellt und der Nutzen der jeweiligen Ansätze anhand der Konzeptualisierung eines feministischen Mehrebenendesigns umrissen.
Können Männer feministisches Wissen produzieren? Von Hegemonieselbstkritik hin zur pro*feministischen Politisierung der Universität
Authors: Fetz Simon , Korak Johannes
Published: June 2021

Feministische Standpunktepistemologien sind aus der feministischen Wissenschaftskritik am Androzentrismus in der Wissenschaft heraus entstanden. Vertreterinnen der feministischen Standpunktepistemologie diskutieren dabei Fragen nach dem wissenschaftsproduzierenden Subjekt und den Bedingungen der Wissenschaftsproduktion. Insbesondere das Verhältnis zwischen sozialer Positioniertheit – qua Geburt und Sozialisation – und der Einnahme einer epistemisch-politischen Positionierung auf Seiten der Marginalisierten steht im Mittelpunkt dieser Debatten. Wenn neues und differenziertes Wissen auch von privilegierten Positionen aus produziert werden kann, können dann Männer feministisches Wissen produzieren? Unter welchen Bedingungen ist dies möglich und welche Rolle spielt dabei die Institution Universität? Diese Fragen bearbeiten wir mit Blick auf die Figur des feministischen Wissenschaftlers, der zwar feministische Theorie rezipiert, jedoch neben seinem 15-stündigen Arbeitstag keine Zeit mehr für Reproduktionsarbeit hat. Wir schlagen daher eine profeministische Perspektive vor, die über das Individuum hinausgeht und letztlich auf eine profeministische Politisierung der Universität abzielt. Dabei greifen wir auf das Konzept der Hegemonieselbstkritik zurück und schlagen in Anknüpfung daran profeministische Praxen auf vier unterschiedlichen Ebenen vor, die in der Universität erprobt und theoretisch vertieft werden können.
„Unter uns Sportlern ...“ – Fachdidaktische Überlegungen zu Gewissheitskonstruktionen in Unterrichtsnachbesprechungen des Praxissemesters Sport
Authors: Schierz Matthias
Published: June 2021

Ausgehend von der ‚black box‘, als die die Praxis der Lehrerbildung trotz eines gesteigerten Forschungsinteresses immer noch bezeichnet werden muss, diskutiert der vorliegende Beitrag den Umgang mit Ungewissheit in Unterrichtsnachbesprechungen aus fachdidaktischer und professionstheoretischer Perspektive. Dabei geht es nicht nur um die Reflexionsformate der Erfahrungen mit unterrichtlicher Kontingenz, sondern v. a. um die Gewissheitskonstruktionen und Ungewissheitsschließungen der begleitenden Mentorinnen und Mentoren in diesen Gesprächen. Im Fokus steht dabei eine zentrale Herausforderung professionellen Handelns, und zwar die der antinomisch strukturierten Sachvermittlung und der hieraus resultierenden Beteiligungsungewissheit. Mit der Frage, wie diese Herausforderungen zwischen Mentorinnen und Mentoren sowie Studierenden im fachspezifischen Kontext des Schulfachs Sport verhandelt werden, wird anhand der Rekonstruktion und Problematisierung eines Fallbeispiels die Bedeutsamkeit des vorreflexiven fachkulturellen Selbstverständnisses als Orientierungsrahmen der Konstruktion von fachdidaktischer Gewissheit aufgezeigt.
Speech Acts and Politeness: A Case Study on Indonesian EFL Learners in Teaching and Learning Practice
Authors: Zulianti Hajjah , Nurchurifiani Eva
Published: June 2021

This research is intended to know the kinds and classification of speech acts and the politeness implication in teaching and learning activities. The subject of this research was the sixth-semester EFL learners of STKIP PGRI Bandar Lampung. The object of this research was speech acts used by EFL learners. The researcher used the observation technique combined with noting technique in collecting the data. In this research, the researcher used the qualitative multiple study. The result of the study showed that speech acts used by EFL learners were direct and indirect speech acts. The speech acts were classified into the assertive, commissive, directive, and expressive. The politeness strategy acted by EFL learning included positive and negative politeness. The use of positive politeness creates a closeness among the teacher and the students, creates a pleasant classroom atmosphere, and increases the students’ motivation. Meanwhile, the use of negative politeness reduces amount degree of friendliness among the students and the teacher and creates a formal learning situation. Theoretically, this research has implications for the development of scientific insights about pragmatics, especially speech acts, and practically it gives implication to EFL teachers and students in understanding, analyzing, and interpreting the use of speech acts in communication.
Features of growth and development of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi under conditions of introduction in the Middle Urals
Authors: Abramchuk A. , Karpuhin Mihail , Chulkova V. , Saparklycheva S.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. An experiment on the topic “Features of the growth and development of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi under conditions of introduction in the Middle Urals” was carried out at the educational farm “Uralets”. Purpose of the study: to study the influence of the feeding area on the growth and development of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. The objectives of the study were to study the influence of the feeding area on: the dynamics of height and average daily growth, dates of the onset and timing of phenological phases, biometric indicators of leaves and inflorescences, structural composition of aboveground biomass, productivity of aboveground and underground biomass. Research methods. The experiment scheme includes 3 options: 1 variant – 33 × 30 cm (990 cm2) – control; 2 variant – 33 × 45 cm (1485 cm2); 3 variant – 33 × 60 cm (1980 cm2). Results. It was found that an increase in the feeding area enhances the differentiation of plants in terms of the rate of passage of phenological phases. The earliest transition to the generative stage of development was noted in variants II and III (24.06). The maximum average daily gain was observed in the II and III decades of July, according to the variants it varied from 0.78 (1st stage) to 1.22 cm/day (III stage). The highest biological productivity was obtained in variant 3 with a feeding area of 33 × 60 cm; on average, it reached 251.5 g per plant, which is 162.2 g (181.6 %) higher than in the control. Scientific novelty. For the first time, there was studied, the influence of the feeding area on the most important aspects of the growth and development of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in the conditions of the Middle Urals. The optimal feeding area (1980 cm2) has been established, at which the Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is able to form a fairly high productivity.
Radiological Impact Assessment of Class 3 Landfill of TENORM Waste from Tin Industry in Bangka Island
Authors:   Center for Radioactive Waste Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency, South Tangerang-Banten 15314, Indonesia, Anggraini Zeni , Setiawan Budi ,   Center for Radioactive Waste Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency, South Tangerang-Banten 15314, Indonesia, Shadrina Nazhira ,   Center for Radioactive Waste Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency, South Tangerang-Banten 15314, Indonesia, Iskandar Dadong ,   Center for Radioactive Waste Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency, South Tangerang-Banten 15314, Indonesia
Published: June 2021

This study assessed the potential radiological impact of a class 3 landfill as a disposal facility of the final tin slag from the tin industry in Bangka Island. Tin slag that contains TENORM (Technically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material) with activity concentrations above exemption level limits should be stored safely and securely. The radiological impact analysis of storing TENORM waste was carried out before and after the construction of a landfill facility. RESRAD OFFSITE version 3.2 software was used to simulate dose and cancer risk, and analyze the contribution of exposure pathways. Radionuclide concentration, landfill facility specifications, hydrogeological data, climatological data, and food and water consumption data were used as input parameters of RESRAD. The receptor was a resident farmer who lives 100 meters from the facility, grows his own food, and consumes water from his land. The total dose before and after the construction of the landfill were 3.13 mSv/year and 1.84×10-2 mSv/year while cancer risks were 5.69×10-3 and 6.50×10-5, respectively. The exposure pathways from inhalation of radon become a major contributor to dose acceptance and cancer risk. Based on these results, the landfill facility is effective in reducing the potential impact of radiological hazards from dose acceptance and cancer risk.
Pain in Decreased Consciousness Patients
Authors: Masita  , Rachman Toyo  , Ika Erna Uly Sirait
Published: June 2021

The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines pain as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with potential or tissue damage or described in terms of such damage. Pain in patients with decreased consciousness is individual and needs to consider many aspects. Following the expansion pain definition according to the IASP in 2020, the inability to communicate does not exclude the possibility that humans experience pain. Therefore, a good pain assessment in patients with decreased consciousness can increase the value of disease management and improve the patient's quality of life both during the treatment period and after hospitalization. Because of the inability of patients with decreased consciousness to verbally convey their pain, this poses a challenge for the clinician. This literature review was aimed to describe how to understand the pain in decreased consciousness patients.
Examination of Speech Signals’ Intensity Reconstruction Through Evaluation of the Frequency Responses of Behind-the-ear Hearing Aids Fitted With NAL-NL2 and DSLi/o v5 Prescription Formulas
Authors:   Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran., Tavana Hamed , Rouzbahani Masoume ,   Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran., Sameni Seyyed Jalal ,   Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran., Maarefvand Mohammad ,   Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
Published: June 2021

Background & Objectives: The widespread prevalence of hearing loss can leave restrictive impacts on the acoustic and psychoacoustic hearing components, language and speech development, education, and employment of those with hearing impairments. On the other hand, given that hearing aids are the most commonly used devices to help auditory rehabilitation, and speech is the most essential human interaction signal, the examination of hearing aid’s frequency responses and the capability of intensity reconstruction of speech signals according to the existing standards are of utmost importance. The present study was conducted to compare hearing aid’s performance with two prescription formulas, at three input intensity levels, and two hearing loss configurations. Methods: Using the FRYE FP35 analyzer, the present study examined two Phonak Bolero B50 hearing aids fitted with two prescription formulas (NAL-NL2 and DSLi/o v5) for two degrees of hearing loss (mild to moderately severe and moderately severe to severe) presented with intensity-filtered ISTS speech signals at three input intensities (50, 65, and 80 dB SPL). Results: The DSLi/o v5 formula prescribed higher average gain and intensity reconstruction for both hearing loss degrees and at all three input intensities compared with the NAL-NL2 formula. Conclusion: Depending on the purpose of gain prescription, whether the loudness is important or speech intelligibility, the choice of an appropriate fitting formula can be affected.