bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Societal multiplicity for international relations: Engaging societal interaction in building global governance from below
Authors: Wiener Antje
Published: August 2022

This article discusses the societal multiplicity proposition as a welcome conceptual proposition for IR. First, it argues that against the background of the discipline’s trajectory and especially Adler’s call for a turn towards ‘the social’ in the 1990s, Rosenberg’s proposition offers a nudge towards scrutinising concepts for a more concise and systematic appreciation of societal multiplicity as a source of knowledge production in a globalised world. Second, this is illustrated with reference to the challenge of building global governance from below as the international liberal order stands contested and alliances are re-negotiated. Third, it demonstrates why during this period of global change it is key to diversify sources of meaning-making and the conceptual categories to reflect this diversification. And fourth, it turns to practices of contestation as drivers of inter-societal negotiations that target both established fundamental norms of global governance (e.g. the rule of law, human rights, and democracy) and more recently, negotiated fundamental norms (e.g. climate justice, gender justice, or intergenerational justice). The article concludes that a conceptual shift from the agency of states and their representatives as carriers of knowledge and mediators of normative change towards engaging societal agency represents a welcome contribution.
Relationships of Task–Environment Fit With Office Workers’ Concentration and Team Functioning in Activity-Based Working Environments
Authors: Bäcklander Gisela , Richter Anne
Published: August 2022

Task–Environment fit, a special case of Person–Environment fit, has been suggested as the central mechanism through which Activity-Based Working (ABW) Environments support productivity and employee wellbeing, here operationalized as team functioning and concentration troubles. We extend previous work in this space by testing the asymmetric effect (where deficient supply is worse than excess supply) usually assumed, with a new statistical approach—cubic polynomial regression—capable of such tests. The complex models gained only partial support and none for a strict congruence effect. Results are more in line with previous work on P–E fit showing that higher levels of needs met are more valuable, and with previous ABW work showing that the supply of suitable environments has the largest impact on outcomes.
Development of an app-based maintenance programme to promote skin protection behaviour for patients with work-related skin diseases
Authors: Ristow Nele , Wilke Annika , Malte John Swen , Ludewig Michaela
Published: August 2022

Objectives:

Digital interventions are increasingly used to support behaviour change. In the prevention of chronic work-related skin diseases, the sustainable implementation of appropriate skin protection behaviour following tertiary individual prevention is important. However, there exists no intervention to support the maintenance of these behaviour changes until now. We report the systematic development of a technology-based maintenance programme to support patients to sustainably implement skin protection behaviour and to overcome barriers.

Design:

Complex intervention development based on a five-step multi-methods process.

Setting:

Tertiary individual prevention of work-related skin disease in Germany.

Methods:

Intervention development comprised the following steps: literature review, qualitative focus groups with stakeholders, quantitative assessment of the patients’ needs, development of a programme theory, and intervention development and concept validation.

Results:

We developed a concept for a complex intervention based on results from the literature review, with seven reviews meeting the criteria; qualitative focus groups involving three dermatologists, five health educators, two psychologists and three employees of an accident insurance institution; and a quantitative needs assessment with 72 patients. Key requirements were derived from this process: for example, the need to develop an app to self-monitor skin protection behaviour and skin condition and to inform the individual about ways of dealing with barriers encountered during the uptake and maintenance of skin protection behaviour. In addition, patients will participate in an individual goal-setting exercise to identify individual behavioural goals.

Conclusion:

A technology-based approach to the prevention of work-related skin diseases was developed. During the process of development, the perspectives of relevant stakeholders and the target group were considered in a participatory way.
Spectrographic observations of the ionized iron coronal emission lines at Pic du Midi Observatory (F) in the mid-60s
Authors: Rozelot Jean-Pierre , Singh Jagdev
Published: August 2022

This paper is dedicated to the memory of Jean Rösch, a great figure in astronomy in the years 1947–1981 who designed, among several innovative devices, a 15-cm spectro-coronagraph. This instrument was installed at Pic du Midi observatory (south-west France), was in use during the mid-60s, fully dedicated to the observation from the ground of the coronal highly ionized iron lines, which was a true challenge at that time. This program is here reconsidered in the context of the time, at Pic du Midi observatory, which has been the cradle of routine visual coronal observations initiated by Bernard Lyot. We take advantage of this review to underline that the goals and objectives of this ground-based coronal program are taken over since 2008, by an Indian team from Bangalore (Indian Institute of Astrophysics), through a space mission (ADITYA-L1 or Sun in Sanskrit), showing a-posteriori the very innovative aspects developed with the help of this 15-cm spectro-coronagraph and thanks to the skills of J. Rösch’s collaborators.
On the demotic-hieratic horoscopes from Athribis
Authors: Winkler Andreas
Published: August 2022

In a previous issue of this journal (53/1), M. Escolano-Poveda published four elaborate demotic-hieratic horoscopes from Athribis. Three of the texts are new (O.Athribis 17-36-5/1741), and the fourth is reedited (ANAsh.Mus.D.O. 633). The present paper engages with two features of these texts. The first concerns the synchronization of the lunar and civil calendars. The editor of the horoscopes claims that the year count as it appears in the Greek P.Ryl. IV 589 is the basis for the correlation between the two calendars in these texts, but this paper shows that the Athribis horoscopes follow the cycle according to the scheme found in P.Carlsberg 9. The second issue is the nature of eight entities listed after the four cardinal points. Escolano-Poveda interprets them as an idiosyncratic system of arranging the places (in Greek, typically τόποι) in the Dodecatropos. Several of the readings for the names of these eight entities, however, must be revised, which leads in turn to a reconsideration of the identification as places. They are better understood as astrological lots (in Greek, typically κλῆροι), and the system partially overlaps with the one known from the canonical Hellenistic astrologers.
Medication-Assisted Treatment in Problem-solving Courts: A National Survey of State and Local Court Coordinators
Authors: Farago Fanni , Blue Thomas R. , Smith Lindsay Renee , Witte James C. , Gordon Michael , Taxman Faye S.
Published: August 2022

Problem-solving courts (PSCs) are a critical part of a societal effort to mitigate the opioid epidemic's devastating consequences. This paper reports on a national survey of PSCs (N = 42 state-wide court coordinators; N = 849 local court coordinators) and examines the structural factors that could explain the likelihood of a local PSC authorizing medication-assisted treatment (MAT) and MAT utilization. Results of the analyses indicate that MAT availability at the county level was a significant predictor of the likelihood of local courts authorizing MAT. The court's location in a Medicaid expansion state was also a significant predictor of local courts allowing buprenorphine and methadone, but not naltrexone. Problem-solving courts are in the early stages of supporting the use of medications, even when funding is available through Medicaid expansion policies. Adoption and use of treatment innovations like MAT are affected by coordinators' perceptions of MAT as well as structural factors such as the availability of the medications in the community and funding resources. The study has important implications for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners.
Complaint De-Escalation Strategies on Social Media
Authors: Herhausen Dennis , Grewal Lauren , Cummings Krista Hill , Roggeveen Anne L. , Villarroel Ordenes Francisco , Grewal Dhruv
Published: August 2022

To date, the literature offers multiple suggestions for how to recover from service failures, albeit without explicitly addressing customers’ negative, high-arousal states evoked by the failure. The few studies that do address ways to improve negative emotions after failures focus on face-to-face interactions only. Because many customers today prefer to complain on social media, firms must learn how to effectively de-escalate negative, high-arousal emotions through text-based exchanges to achieve successful service recoveries. With three field studies using natural language processing tools and three preregistered controlled experiments, the current research identifies ways to mitigate negative arousal in text-based social media complaining, specifically, active listening and empathy. In detail, increasing active listening and empathy in the firm response evokes gratitude among customers in high-arousal states, even if the actual failure is not (yet) recovered. These findings provide a new theoretical perspective on the role of customer arousal in service failures and recoveries as well as managerially relevant implications for dealing with public social media complaints.
Engagement in Protective Behaviors by Digital Exposure Notification Users During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Washington State, January–June 2021
Authors: Baseman Janet G. , Karras Bryant T. , Revere Debra
Published: August 2022

Objectives:

Smartphone-based digital exposure notification (EN) tools were introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic to supplement strained case investigation and contact tracing efforts. We examined the influence of an EN tool implemented in Washington State, WA Notify, on user engagement in behaviors that protect against COVID-19 transmission.

Methods:

From January 25 through June 30, 2021, we administered 2 surveys to WA Notify users who received notification of a possible COVID-19 exposure. The initial survey, sent when users received a notification, focused on intent to engage in protective behaviors. The follow-up survey captured data on self-reported actual engagement in protective behaviors and contact by a public health contact tracer.

Results:

Of 1507 WA Notify users who completed the initial survey, 40.1% (n = 604) reported intending to seek COVID-19 testing and 67.1% (n = 1011) intended to watch for COVID-19 symptoms. Of 407 respondents to the follow-up survey, 57.5% (n = 234) reported getting tested and 84.3% (n = 343) reported watching for COVID-19 symptoms. Approximately 84% (n = 1266) of respondents to the initial survey received a notification from WA Notify before being reached by public health contact tracers; on follow-up, 42.5% (n = 173) of respondents reported never being contacted by public health.

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that WA Notify users may initiate protective behaviors earlier than nonusers who will not know of an exposure until notified by public health or by a known contact. Digital EN tools may be a valuable addition to existing public health outbreak investigation and response activities.
Extraction and purification of total flavonoids from Cannabis sativa fibers and their evaluation for antioxidant and antibacterial activities
Authors: Cui Qilu , Li Jiawei , Yu Chongwen
Published: August 2022

Extraction and purification of total flavonoids from cannabis fiber extracts were studied by using ethyl acetate and three different resins. The results indicated that the HPD-500 resin was appropriate and its adsorption data were well fitted to pseudo-second-order kinetics model. Purified with HPD-500, 8.36% purity of flavonoids can be obtained. The chemical structure showed that the flavonoid extracts had C=C, C-H, C-O and rutin derivatives. The thermal decomposition of Cannabis sativa fiber extracts can be divided into four stages, which was in agreement with the thermal decomposition properties of flavonoids in the literature. The shielding effect of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on ultraviolet-visible light was enhanced by the addition of flavonoid extracts, and the transmittance decreased from 82.89% to 59.12%. The results of antioxidant activities of the HPD-500 purified flavonoids showed that ·DPPH radical scavenging increased from 10.18% to 17.19% and ·O2− increased from 5.09% to 8.97% correspondingly. The results of antibacterial testing showed that the antibacterial activities of PVA with purified flavonoids were 63% higher than that of PVA without flavonoids. This indicated that the purified flavonoids from hemp fibers can be used as a source of potential antioxidant and antibacterial agents.
Nano TiO2/amino-benzotriazole functionalization of cotton knitted fabrics for ultraviolet protection and antibacteria by pad-dry method
Authors: Shao Yiqin , Zhu Pei , Chen Weilai
Published: August 2022

In this work, multifunctional knitted fabrics with ultraviolet resistance and antibacterial properties are presented. The functional coating was fabricated on cotton fabric through a facile one step pad-dry process after being dipped in benzotriazole derivative and titanium dioxide mixture solution. Alkali catalyzed polymerization was applied to synthesis amino-benzotriazole, which could form covalent bonds with cellulose after fixation on cotton fiber. The coating was compacted and agglutinated to the cotton fibers, which were observed by scanning electron microscopy, the wash fastness also revealed the bonding capacity. The ultraviolet protection factor was calculated by the transmittance value, the results illustrated tremendous improvement in the ultraviolet protection factor of the functionalized knitted fabrics, since the energy absorption and surface nanoparticles scatters of incident ultraviolet radiation. Moreover, the attenuation rate of ultraviolet resistance is low. The bursting strength, pilling resistance, air permeability and moisture resistance of the functionalized knitted fabrics demonstrated their good wearing comfort properties. In addition, the as-constructed fabrics also showed a strong ability to resist Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
Promoting well-being in the face of a pandemic: the role of sense of coherence and ego-resilience in the relationship between psychological distress and life satisfaction
Authors: Padmanabhanunni Anita , Pretorius Tyrone B
Published: August 2022

COVID-19 has impacted negatively on the lives and academic activities of university students. This has contributed to increasing levels of psychological distress among this population group. Intrinsic and contextual factors can mediate the psychological impact of the pandemic. The study focuses on sense of coherence and ego-resilience as potential protective factors on indices of psychological distress and life satisfaction. Participants were undergraduate students ( N = 337) at a South African university who completed six self-report questionnaires, namely, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, the Sense of Coherence Scale, the Ego-Resilience Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. To examine the direct and mediating effects of sense of coherence and ego-resilience on psychological distress, structural equation modeling was used. Compared to previous research, greater psychological distress was found in the current sample. Moreover, while the hopelessness–life satisfaction relationship was only partially mediated by protective factors, the depression–life satisfaction relationship was fully mediated by sense of coherence and ego-resilience. The direct association between ego-resilience as well as sense of coherence and life satisfaction was significant, suggesting that these factors have a health-sustaining role.
A 3D LiDAR odometry for UGVs using coarse-to-fine deep scene flow estimation
Authors: Li Chi , Yan Fei , Wang Sen , Zhuang Yan
Published: August 2022

Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) odometry plays a crucial role in autonomous mobile robots and unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs). This paper presents a deep learning–based odometry system using two successive three-dimensional (3D) point clouds to estimate their scene flow and then predict their relative pose. The network consumes continuous 3D point clouds directly and outputs their scene flow and uncertain mask in a coarse-to-fine fashion. A pose estimation layer without trainable parameters is designed to compute the pose with the scene flow. We also introduce a scan-to-map optimization algorithm to enhance the robustness and accuracy of the system. Our experiments on the KITTI odometry data set and our campus data set demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed deep learning–based point cloud odometry.
Active damping control strategy for a parallel hybrid electric vehicle based on model predictive control
Authors: Song DF , Yang DP , Zeng XH , Wang ZW
Published: August 2022

Since the coupling relationship of excitation sources is complicated, meantime the motor torque changes quickly under the acceleration condition, the problem of torsional vibration is prominent. This paper studies an active damping control (ADC) strategy for a parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) under acceleration condition. Primarily, a full-order dynamic model is built, and the corresponding motion equations are derived. Moreover, a controller design–oriented model is established based on model reduction algorithm. Furthermore, a method that considers time delay characteristics of actuator based on model predictive control (MPC) theory is proposed to solve the torsional vibration problem. The controller handles delay characteristics of an actuator by state-space reorganization method, and the optimal control sequence is obtained by solving the objective function. Finally, the controller is tested using Simulink simulation and hardware-in-loop simulation platform, which mainly includes the verification of model reduction and vibration damping effect. The results show that simplified third-order model has a good consistency with the original full-order model in time and frequency domain. Meanwhile, the designed controller has a considerable damping effect and ensures the comfort performance of the vehicle. This study provides an important reference for vibration control of the hybrid powertrain.
A multi-model fusion soft measurement method for cement clinker f-CaO content based on K-means ++ and EMD-MKRVM
Authors: Zhang Rongfeng , Lu Shizeng , Wang Xiaohong , Yu Hongliang , Liu Zhao
Published: August 2022

The content of free calcium oxide (f-CaO) in cement clinker is a key indicator for testing the quality of cement clinker. To address the problem that the content of f-CaO cannot be detected online, a multi-model fusion soft measurement method based on K-means++ clustering, empirical modal decomposition combined with multi-kernel relevance vector machines (EMD-MKRVM) is proposed to predict f-CaO content under different operating conditions. First, time-series analysis and matching of input variables with f-CaO content were performed, based on which a combination of empirical modal decomposition (EMD) and sample entropy (SE) denoising method was used to filter out high- frequency noise from the original data and extract effective signal information for reconstruction. Second, the K-means++ algorithm was used to cluster the processed training sample data, and multi-kernel relevance vector machine (MKRVM) sub-models were established by training the sample data of each sub-class and then the affiliation between the test samples and each sub-class was calculated as the weights of the sub-model output values, and the final model prediction output was obtained by multi-model fusion. Finally, the real data from cement plants were used for validation. The results show that compared with the single MKRVM model, multi–relevance vector machine (RVM) model, multi–support vector machine (SVM) model, and multi-MKRVM model using only EMD denoising method, the mean absolute error (MAE) of the multi-MKRVM model proposed in this paper was reduced by 42%, 7%, 14%, and 35%; root mean square error (RMSE) is reduced by 28%, 10%, 12%, and 21%; squares due to error (SSE) is reduced by 51%, 24%, 27%, and 41%; Theils inequality coefficient (TIC) is reduced by 27%, 17%, 21%, and 19%; [Formula: see text] is improved by 64%, 18%, 39%, and 91%; and Index of agreement (IA) is improved by 28%, 9%, 22%, and 13%. The multi-MKRVM model proposed in this paper has higher accuracy, better generalization ability and stability, and provides an effective method for f-CaO content prediction under complex multiple working conditions.
Comparative study of the effects of different nanomaterials on the failure process of saturated concrete in an underground reservoir of a coal mine
Authors: Hao Xianjie , Wei Yingnan , Zhang Tong , Chen Zeyu , Zhang Cun , Teng Teng
Published: August 2022

The macroscopic failure of concrete used to form an artificial dam in an underground coal mine reservoir is the final manifestation of crack propagation and penetration: the mode of crack propagation is key to the safety evaluation of concrete structures. To improve the performance of concrete in such an artificial dam forming an underground coal mine reservoir, many scholars have investigated nano-modified concrete, but the effects of nanomaterials on the crack propagation mode and failure mode of saturated concrete are not yet fully understood. In the present research, uniaxial compression and acoustic emission (AE) experiments were conducted on saturated concrete specimens containing different types and amounts of nanomaterials, and the crack propagation mode, failure mode, and bearing capacity of different saturated concrete specimens were compared and studied. The results show that: the failure mode, crack propagation mode, and bearing capacity of saturated concrete can be modified by adding nanomaterials, and the type and content thereof can affect the modification effect provided. Considering the strength, bearing capacity, and crack-propagation mode, saturated concrete specimens containing 3 wt% nano-Al2O3 exhibit the best performance, with characteristics of high strength, high bearing capacity, steady crack propagation, and small-scale cracking. The results have guiding significance for damage-warning and safety assessment of hydraulic structures.
A Preliminary Evaluation of the Effects of a Contingency Management + Deposit Contract Intervention on Problematic Smartphone Use With College Students
Authors: Williams-Buttari Devin , Deshais Meghan A. , Reeve Kenneth F. , Reeve Sharon A.
Published: August 2022

Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is smartphone usage that is, in some way, damaging to the user. PSU represents a growing public health concern that could be addressed via behavioral intervention. We recruited six college students who reported negative side effects of smartphone use and sought to decrease their PSU. The effects of a contingency management (CM) + deposit contract intervention on PSU was evaluated. During the CM + deposit contract condition, participants deposited $40 and had the opportunity to earn back their entire deposit by meeting daily smartphone usage goals. To promote adherence to study protocols, participants also had the opportunity to earn a $20 cooperation bonus. For all participants, lower levels of PSU were observed during intervention relative to baseline. The CM + deposit contract intervention produced consistent decreases in PSU for four participants (mean reduction percentages above 40% were obtained) and had inconsistent effects on PSU for two participants (mean reduction percentages below 20%). Maintenance of intervention effects was limited for all participants. Although preliminary, results suggest that CM + deposit contract interventions could be a viable, low-cost approach to addressing PSU. Potential explanations for our findings and avenues for future research are discussed.
Approximations: On Some Ways to Listen to a Building “in the Making”
Authors: Mommersteeg Brett
Published: August 2022

What sounds and noises does a future building make? How do architectural acousticians listen to a building in the making? How do you measure something that is not yet there? What is the epistemological status of approximations? Following the listening practices of acousticians as they measure a future experience of sound through a mock-up and of noise through an incomplete simulation, this article explores the challenge of fixing sound and noise as elusive objects of knowledge. Based on an ethnography of a building project, we see how architectural acousticians rely on what they call “approximations,” both the inscriptions and inscriptive work used to give traces of reality to future lived experiences of sound and noise that they hope “would be” there. Bringing together sound studies, ethnographies of architectural practice and science and technology studies accounts of inscription practices, the article argues for attention to be placed on the ephemera of knowledge and design practices, which allows analytic focus to remain upstream between the possible and the actual. Situated within the practices of the acousticians, we can witness some of the ways that sound and noise take shape within a building project, grosso modo.
Exploring the low enrolment of music as a subject within Hong Kong senior secondary school education
Authors: Cheng Lee
Published: August 2022

Although studying music at school can be an enriching and enjoyable experience, it is an unpopular choice for many Hong Kong senior secondary students. The purpose of this study was to examine the rationale behind the low enrolment of music as a Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education (HKDSE) subject. A questionnaire was conducted among senior secondary school students ( N = 121) studying music at the HKDSE level, collecting information about their learning experiences and their perceptions of the curriculum. The results provided evidence supporting the difficulties and struggles faced by the students, including degrees of familiarity with, and confidence about, subject matters of different musical cultures, which subjects were prioritised when it came to studying, and the amount of prior specialist knowledge needed as part of the decision-making process. Tensions were revealed between the driving forces behind curriculum change and the readiness of students to cope with these changes, along with perceptions of music as an elitist subject with low utilitarian value. Socio-cultural interventions, such as making music education more accessible for all, while simultaneously ensuring that stakeholders’ voices are heard as part of the decolonisation process, remain fundamental challenges facing the curriculum.
Measuring quality of dying, death and end-of-life care for children and young people: A scoping review of available tools
Authors: Mayland Catriona R , Sunderland Katy A , Cooper Matthew , Taylor Paul , Powell Philip A , Zeigler Lucy , Cox Vicki , Gilman Constance , Turner Nicola , Flemming Kate , Fraser Lorna K
Published: August 2022

Background:

The circumstances and care provided at the end of a child’s life have a profound impact on family members. Although assessing experiences and outcomes during this time is challenging, healthcare professionals have a responsibility to ensure high quality of care is provided.

Aim:

To identify available tools which measure the quality of dying, death and end-of-life care for children and young people; describe the content, and data on validity and reliability of existing tools.

Design:

Scoping review was conducted following the Arksey and O’Malley methodological framework.

Data sources:

Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO) and grey literature were searched for studies published in English (January 2000–June 2021). A review of reference lists and citation searching was also undertaken. Tools needed to include a focus on the ‘dying’ phase of illness (defined as the last month of life).

Results:

From 2078 articles, a total of 18 studies, reporting on 11 tools were identified. All tools were completed by primary caregivers or healthcare professionals as ‘proxy’ assessments; all except one was undertaken after death. Question items about quality of life and preparation for death were found in all tools; items relating to cultural aspects of care, grief and financial costs were less common. Only 6/11 had undergone psychometric testing within a paediatric palliative care setting.

Conclusions:

Future research should include ways to adapt, refine and improve existing tools. Assessing their wider application in different clinical and cultural settings and conducting further psychometric assessment represent areas of focus.
Postoperative diaphragmatic hernia with upside-down stomach: a case report
Authors: Wakabayashi Masakazu , Kobori Shuichi , Aoki Kana , Yoshida Hayato , Minoshima Kou , Kimura Tomohiro , Domoto Yoshinori , Hosaka Miki , Ushiku Hideki , Funatsu Kentarou , Aisaki Kazuo
Published: August 2022

A 31-year-old man presented to our hospital’s Emergency Department with sudden epigastric pain and vomiting. He had undergone endoscopic resection via the retroperitoneal route for a retroperitoneal tumor located in the left diaphragmatic crus of the esophageal hiatus at another hospital 8 months previously. Radiography and computed tomography showed inversion of the stomach beyond the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity, with the gastroesophageal junction serving as the fulcrum point. This finding led to a diagnosis of postoperative diaphragmatic hernia accompanied by an upside-down stomach (UDS). The prolapsed stomach in the thoracic cavity was reduced to the abdominal cavity using laparoscopic surgery. The postoperative course was favorable, and the patient was discharged from the hospital on postoperative day 7. No recurrence has been observed in the past 5 years. The pathological condition of a UDS observed in esophageal hiatal hernias may be found in postoperative diaphragmatic hernias. Laparoscopic surgery for a postoperative diaphragmatic hernia with a UDS is considered a useful surgical procedure. Laparoscopic surgery can simultaneously confirm the viability of the herniated organs, reduce the organs to the abdominal cavity, and close and reinforce the diaphragm.
Limitations of double compression to determine static recrystallization fraction
Authors: Zhao Baochun , Zhang Tao , Hu Xiaoxuan
Published: August 2022

It is well known that double deformation method is widely used to determine static recrystallization volume fraction. And static recrystallization volume fraction for many materials have ever been evaluated by the methods, as 0.2% offset, 2% offset, back-extrapolation, 5% total strain, mean flow stress and area (strain energy) methods. These methods are based on characteristic stress or strain energy (CS). However, materials can exhibit different flow behaviors during hot working process, which results in a difficulty to designate CS. Therefore, there are some limitations for the methods. In the present work, these six methods were divided into two groups: group I, the CS designated on experimental curves and group II, CS designated on semi-experimental curves. And typical curves were analyzed to find out the limitations of the methods, which can be used to rationalize the method selection to evaluate static recrystallization volume fraction.
Prediction of Travel Time Reliability on Interstates Using Linear Quantile Mixed Models
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxiao , Zhao Mo , Appiah Justice , Fontaine Michael D.
Published: August 2022

Under the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21), state Departments of Transportation (DOTs) are responsible for reporting travel time reliability and also setting targets and showing progress toward those targets. To know how to improve travel time reliability and what to expect from investments in transportation infrastructure, state DOTs need a better understanding of the factors that affect travel time reliability and methods to predict future travel time reliability. This paper proposes linear quantile mixed models (LQMMs) to quantify travel time reliability impact factors and predict selected reliability measures (level of travel time reliability [LOTTR] and the 90th percentile) to address these needs. The method was demonstrated using probe vehicle data from interstate segments in Virginia that had been partitioned into approximately homogeneous clusters based on the similarity of their cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of travel times. Using clustered data meant that LQMMs were only necessary for a limited number of clusters rather than for hundreds of individual segments, thus making the process more efficient and manageable. The LQMMs showed that frequencies of non-recurrent events, such as incidents and weather, were correlated with higher travel time percentiles. The prediction performance of LQMMs was compared with trend line predictions, a common method used in practice. The results showed that LQMMs significantly improved prediction accuracy.
Optimization-Based Traffic Safety Improvement Strategy for Autonomous Vehicle Driving at Level Crossings
Authors: Adane Baye Yemataw , Hou Jin , Peng Bo , Abate Debalki Yonas
Published: August 2022

Railway level crossings pose a serious threat to the safety and mobility of drivers traversing them. Globally, a significant number of traffic violations occur annually at level crossings. This study proposes an optimization-based autonomous vehicle (AV) driving strategy to improve the traffic safety of AVs at level crossings. First, an optimization model considering the operational constraints is developed. The cost function of the proposed optimization-based driving strategy is the time difference between the time required by the train to reach the level crossing and the time taken by the AV to complete the whole crossing maneuver. Second, a MATLAB simulation model is developed to validate the proposed driving strategy. Simulation results show that the proposed driving strategy delivers optimized AV driving without stoppage. The comparative study also shows that the proposed method improves driving performance. For instance, when a train is 1 m away from the light signal while the AV’s initial speed is 36 km/h, the time required for the AV to reach the speed limit sign is about 0.44 s, while the time required by the train to reach the car block area is 0.13 s. Thus, the AV is forced to stop and then go after the train leaves the level crossing. Contrary to this, the proposed method allows a safe passage of the vehicle within 1.66 s without stoppage. Most importantly, the driving strategy is a collision avoidance strategy without unnecessary enforcement of stop-and-go when AVs have the chance of crossing safely. Consequently, the optimization-based driving strategy both improves traffic safety and reduces traveling time.
Inconsistency is the Consistency: The Title IX Reporting Process for Sexual and Gender-Based Misconduct Within Maryland Public Universities
Authors: Webermann Aliya R. , Holland Kathryn J.
Published: August 2022

Title IX is a primary federal legal approach to address campus sexual and gender-based misconduct, yet few students utilize Title IX reporting as a formal campus support, and those that do frequently report negative experiences. In this study, we interviewed 11 student survivors at four Maryland public universities who engaged with the Title IX reporting and response process. Our aims were to (a) examine how Title IX functions in a state public education system with a robust Title IX policy; (b) describe commonalities and differences in experiences; and (c) use theories of institutional betrayal and support to understand aspects of the process most helpful or harmful for survivors, especially minoritized survivors. Results reflected several common themes, but also an inconsistent Title IX process both within and across institutions beholden to the same Title IX policy, representing potential policy deviations. Further, institutional betrayal was reflected in the experiences of minoritized survivors who described Title IX staff microaggressions and invalidations and survivors who unknowingly disclosed to mandatory reporters. Overall, experiences contributed to a perception of the Title IX office and reporting process as unhelpful and untrustworthy. Results identify the need to reduce inconsistencies in Title IX reporting and response processes to ameliorate process harms. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843221115340 .
Influence of Sex, Race/Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Factors on Meniscal Treatment With Pediatric and Adolescent ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Mercurio Angela M. , Coene Ryan P. , Cook Danielle L. , Feldman Lanna , Milewski Matthew D.
Published: August 2022

Background:

The rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is increasing over time in pediatric/adolescent populations, but there is less evidence to support how concomitant meniscal procedures are changing over time. There are also less data to suggest which characteristics are associated with meniscectomy versus meniscal repair treatment.

Hypothesis:

Age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, and insurance type may independently affect the rate of concomitant meniscal procedures and treatment modalities in pediatric patients with ACL reconstruction.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

The Pediatric Health Information System database was queried for all patients aged ≤18 years who underwent ACL reconstruction with or without concomitant meniscal procedures from 2015 to 2019. Basic demographic data including age, sex, self-identified race/ethnicity, rural-urban commuting area code, predicted median income, and insurance status were collected. Linear regression was used to model trends and multiple logistic regression modeling was used to test for associations.

Results:

A total of 14,398 patients aged ≤18 years underwent ACL reconstruction during the study period, with 8337 patients (58%) having concomitant meniscal procedures with a 1.24-fold increase over 5 years. Of the concomitant meniscal treatment cohort, 41% had a meniscectomy and 59% had meniscal repair. There was a 0.82-fold change in meniscectomy and a 1.67-fold increase in meniscal repair during the study period. Male patients, older patients, Black race, living in an urban area, and those with nonprivate insurance had increased odds of undergoing a concomitant meniscal procedure (all P < .05). Patients of non-White race and those with nonprivate insurance had increased odds of having a meniscectomy versus meniscal repair (all P < .05). There were no associations detected between income bracket and the outcomes in this study.

Conclusion:

This study shows that in pediatric and adolescent patients undergoing ACL reconstruction, there was a rise in concomitant meniscal procedures from 2015 to 2019. In addition, patients of non-White race and those with nonprivate insurance have increased odds of undergoing meniscectomy versus meniscal repair.
Incidence, Timing, and Risk Factors for 5-Year Revision Surgery After Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation in 533 Patients
Authors: Gillinov Stephen M. , Fosam Andin , Burroughs Patrick J. , Schneble Christopher A. , McLaughlin William M. , Moran Jay , Jimenez Andrew E. , Grauer Jonathan N. , Medvecky Michael J.
Published: August 2022

Background:

Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) can be used to treat focal, full-thickness chondral defects of the knee. However, there is limited large-sample evidence available regarding the incidence, timing, and risk factors for revision surgery after ACI.

Purpose:

To assess the 5-year incidence, timing, and risk factors for revision surgery after ACI in a large national cohort.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

The 2010-2020 PearlDiver database was queried for patients aged 20 to 59 years who underwent primary ACI of the knee without previous chondral procedures or knee arthroplasty. Revision surgery was defined as subsequent revision ACI, osteochondral allograft transplantation, osteochondral autograft transfer, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, or total knee arthroplasty within 5 years. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess both incidence and timing of revision surgery. Risk factors evaluated for revision surgery included patient age, sex, body mass index (BMI), Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI) score, and previous or concomitant bony realignment procedures.

Results:

In total, 533 patients underwent primary ACI and met inclusion criteria. The 5-year incidence of revision surgery was 10.3%, with 63% of revisions occurring in the first 2 years after surgery. Risk factors associated with revision surgery included female sex (odds ratio, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.22-5.45; P = .013) and BMI ≥35 (odds ratio, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.01-4.94; P = .047). There was no relationship between age, ECI score, or previous or concomitant bony realignment procedures and revision surgery at 5 years ( P > .05).

Conclusion:

In an analysis of 533 patients who underwent ACI, 10.3% required a subsequent articular cartilage procedure or conversion to knee arthroplasty in the first 5 postoperative years. Revision surgery was greatest in the first 2 postoperative years. Female sex and severe obesity (BMI, ≥35) were associated with increased risk of revision surgery, while age, ECI score, and previous or concomitant bony realignment procedures were not. These findings suggest that treatment of chondral defects of the knee with ACI is associated with durable outcomes at the 5-year follow-up.
External Crises and Family Social Capital Reconfiguration: Insights From the European Debt Crisis and the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hadjielias Elias , Hughes Mathew , Scholes Louise
Published: August 2022

Drawing on 62 interviews with 23 family businesses in Cyprus concerning the 2013–2018 (Eurozone) debt crisis and the Covid-19 pandemic, this study offers new knowledge on why and how family social capital reconfigures during external crises to support survivability. The findings reveal new psychological and situational mechanisms motivating structural and relational changes in family social capital during crises. However, we find nuances and complexities acting on the motives and content of these changes, attuned to the type of external crisis that the family business faces. We contribute a context-sensitive theory of family social capital’s reconfiguration during external crises.
Performance improvement of a radial ball bearing using a micro-groove on stationary outer race
Authors: Gouda Bansidhar , Tandon Naresh , Pandey Raj Kumar , Babu Chettu Kanna
Published: August 2022

For achieving improved lubrication in a radial ball bearing (BB1B 420206), a circumferential micro-groove inside the stationary outer race has been conceived based on finite element analysis to facilitate the availability of grease and to reduce the stresses at the contacts and it has been fabricated to conduct the experiments. To understand the effect of this micro-groove filled with grease on the film formation, frictional torque, and bearing dynamics, experiments were performed for measuring these variables at different operating parameters ( pH = 0.35–1.2 GPa; speed = 1.4–4.2 m/s). Capacitance based approach, load cell, and miniature accelerometer have been employed to measure the film thickness, frictional load and vibrations, respectively. The results achieved with bearings with micro-groove on outer races have been compared with bearings having the conventional races at the identical operating parameters. Reductions of 14%–41% in vibrations, up to 11.2% increase in film thickness (i.e. 11% reduction in the capacitance), and in the range of 15%–30% reduction in the frictional torque have been obtained as compared to conventional bearing cases.
Criteria inadequacy of the vehicles used for the calculation of safety parameters in the EN1317-TB11 test
Authors: Özcanan Sedat , Özcan Özgür
Published: August 2022

Road restraint systems-RRS are passive safety designs installed on roadsides to ensure the safety of errant vehicle passengers as well as pedestrians. The adequacy of these systems is assessed through full-scale vehicle crash testing for which evaluation criteria are determined by standards such as EN1317. Recently the same RRS is crash tested two times with two different 900 kg passenger cars and test results varied significantly. After a failed crash test instead of modifying the barrier test vehicle was replaced and the same test was repeated. It was surprising to see that the failed RRS this time satisfied the EN1317 evaluation criteria. Despite the use of the same mass vehicle in the crash tests, the different results obtained were a source of motivation for investigating the inadequacy of EN1317. In this study, the adequacy of the 900 kg vehicle criteria used in the determination of the safety parameters in the EN1317-TB11 test was investigated by creating validated finite element-FE models. After the FE analysis it was concluded that test vehicle properties, such as vehicle mass and velocity provided in EN1317 are deemed to be insufficient and more explicit vehicle selection parameters, given in the study, are needed to provide safer and more uniform crash testing results.
Hierarchical driving force allocation strategy for 4-WID electric vehicles
Authors: Wang Jianlong , Zhang Chuanwei , Yang Zhi , Dang Meng , Chang Bo , Li Cheng , Zhang Rongbo , Ma Jian
Published: August 2022

Focusing on the driving force distribution control method of four-wheel independent drive electric vehicles, a driving force distribution strategy with a hierarchical structure is proposed in this paper. The upper layer used a neural network to optimize the fuzzy rules and membership function so as to adapt to changes in the process parameters and subjectivity owing to the limitations of the fuzzy control rules acquired by human experience. The lower layer used the optimal distribution method based on rules, focusing on the minimum tire load ratio. The proposed control strategy was verified by Carsim/Simulink co-simulation and a hardware-in-the-loop experiment. The results show that the proposed control strategy can improve the handling stability of vehicles on roads with different levels of adhesion.