bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sport as a Leisure Occupation in Occupational Therapy Literature: A Scoping Review
Authors: Costalonga Daniel A. , Crozier Alyson J. , Stenner Brad J. , Baldock Katherine L.
Published: April 2020

Importance: The focus of occupational therapy is often on personal care, life skills, and daily living. Sport, as a type of leisure activity, can also provide benefits to health and well-being. Occupational therapy practitioners should therefore promote the role of sport in the lives of clients.

Objective: To investigate the extent, range, and nature of peer-reviewed occupational therapy literature investigating sport as a leisure occupation.

Data Sources: The following databases were searched: Embase, MEDLINE, OTseeker, PsycINFO, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus.

Study Selection and Data Collection: We identified published studies investigating competitive sport in occupational therapy research or practice. Included studies investigated adult participants (age ≥18 yr) participating in sport, had a clear occupational therapy input, and were written in the English language.

Findings: Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Only 2 of the 6 studies identified through the search strategy were conducted after 2004, diagnosis and outcome measures varied widely, and sport as a leisure occupation was found to have positive individual outcomes.

Conclusions and Relevance: Opportunities exist to investigate sport as a leisure occupation and its involvement in occupational therapy practice. Future research may contribute to positive outcomes and experiences for clients who receive occupational therapy.

What This Article Adds: This scoping review describes literature about sport as an occupation and highlights the opportunities for practitioners and researchers to incorporate sport as a leisure occupation.
Population Health Content in Entry-Level Occupational Therapy Programs
Authors: Domholdt Elizabeth , Cooper Sarah K. , Kleinhoff Robert J.
Published: April 2020

Importance: If occupational therapy is to play an important role in improving population health, it is important to understand how academic programs are preparing new occupational therapists for this role.

Objective: To determine current and desired coverage of population health concepts in entry-level occupational therapy programs.

Design: Online survey administered to occupational therapy program directors.

Setting: Higher education institutions.

Participants: Survey invitations were sent to all 182 entry-level occupational therapy program directors in Spring 2018.

Measures: Questionnaire responses were used to calculate current and desired curriculum coverage of 23 population health domains.

Results: Of 182 program directors, 60 (33.0%) responded. Respondents agreed that 21 of 23 population health domains should be included in entry-level occupational therapy programs, and 11 of the domains had moderate or better coverage in their current programs. The largest gaps between current and desired coverage were found in global health issues, population health informatics, environmental health, and organization of health systems.

Conclusions and Relevance: Occupational therapy faculty can use these results to further develop the population health content of their programs.

What This Article Adds: Although the occupational therapy profession advocates for the role of occupational therapists in the improvement of population health, little information is available about how to prepare new occupational therapists for this role. This study addresses this gap by presenting occupational therapy program directors’ assessments of current and desired levels of population health content within their programs.
Evaluation of the CAMS global atmospheric trace gas reanalysis 2003–2016 using aircraft campaign observations
Authors: Wang Yuting , Ma Yong-Feng , Eskes Henk , Inness Antje , Flemming Johannes , Brasseur Guy P.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
operated by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)
has produced a global reanalysis of aerosol and reactive gases (called
CAMSRA) for the period 2003–2016. Space observations of ozone, carbon
monoxide, NO2 and aerosol optical depth are assimilated by a 4D-Var
method in the 60-layer ECMWF global atmospheric model, which for the
reanalysis is operated at a horizontal resolution of about 80 km. As a
contribution to the evaluation of the reanalysis, we compare atmospheric
concentrations of different reactive species provided by the CAMS reanalysis
with independent observational data gathered by airborne instrumentation
during the field campaigns INTEX-A, INTEX-B, NEAQS-ITCT, ITOP, AMMA, ARCTAS,
VOCALS, YAK-AEROSIB, HIPPO and KORUS-AQ. We show that the reanalysis
rather successfully reproduces the observed concentrations of chemical
species that are assimilated in the system, including O3 and CO with
biases generally less than 20 %, but generally underestimates the
concentrations of the primary hydrocarbons and secondary organic species. In
some cases, large discrepancies also exist for fast-reacting radicals such
as OH and HO2.
Background heterogeneity and other uncertainties in estimating urban methane flux: results from the Indianapolis Flux Experiment (INFLUX)
Authors: Balashov Nikolay V. , Davis Kenneth J. , Miles Natasha L. , Lauvaux Thomas , Richardson Scott J. , Barkley Zachary R. , Bonin Timothy A.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. As natural gas extraction and use continues to increase, the need to
quantify emissions of methane (CH4), a powerful greenhouse gas, has
grown. Large discrepancies in Indianapolis CH4 emissions have been
observed when comparing inventory, aircraft mass balance, and tower inverse
modeling estimates. Four years of continuous CH4 mole fraction
observations from a network of nine towers as a part of the Indianapolis
Flux Experiment (INFLUX) are utilized to investigate four possible reasons
for the abovementioned inconsistencies: (1) differences in definition of the
city domain, (2) a highly temporally variable and spatially non-uniform
CH4 background, (3) temporal variability in CH4 emissions, and (4) CH4 sources that are not accounted for in the inventory. Reducing the
Indianapolis urban domain size to be consistent with the inventory domain
size decreases the CH4 emission estimation of the inverse modeling
methodology by about 35 %, thereby lessening the discrepancy and bringing
total city flux within the error range of one of the two inventories.
Nevertheless, the inverse modeling estimate still remains about 91 %
higher than inventory estimates. Hourly urban background CH4 mole
fractions are shown to be spatially heterogeneous and temporally variable.
Variability in background mole fractions observed at any given moment and a
single location could be up to about 50 ppb depending on a wind direction
but decreases substantially when averaged over multiple days. Statistically
significant, long-term biases in background mole fractions of 2–5 ppb are
found from single-point observations for most wind directions. Boundary
layer budget estimates suggest that Indianapolis CH4 emissions did not
change significantly when comparing 2014 to 2016. However, it appears that
CH4 emissions may follow a diurnal cycle, with daytime emissions (12:00–16:00 LST) approximately twice as large as nighttime emissions (20:00–05:00 LST). We
found no evidence for large CH4 point sources that are otherwise
missing from the inventories. The data from the towers confirm that the
strongest CH4 source in Indianapolis is South Side landfill. Leaks from
the natural gas distribution system that were detected with the tower
network appeared localized and non-permanent. Our simple atmospheric budget
analyses estimate the magnitude of the diffuse natural gas source to be 70 % higher
than inventory estimates, but more comprehensive analyses are needed.
Long-term averaging, spatially extensive upwind mole fraction observations,
mesoscale atmospheric modeling of the regional emissions environment, and
careful treatment of the times of day are recommended for precise and
accurate quantification of urban CH4 emissions.
SegCloud: a novel cloud image segmentation model using a deep convolutional neural network for ground-based all-sky-view camera observation
Authors: Xie Wanyi , Liu Dong , Yang Ming , Chen Shaoqing , Wang Benge , Wang Zhenzhu , Xia Yingwei , Liu Yong , Wang Yiren , Zhang Chaofan
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Cloud detection and cloud properties have substantial
applications in weather forecast, signal attenuation analysis, and other
cloud-related fields. Cloud image segmentation is the fundamental and
important step in deriving cloud cover. However, traditional segmentation
methods rely on low-level visual features of clouds and often fail to
achieve satisfactory performance. Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs)
can extract high-level feature information of objects and have achieved
remarkable success in many image segmentation fields. On this basis, a novel
deep CNN model named SegCloud is proposed and applied for accurate cloud
segmentation based on ground-based observation. Architecturally, SegCloud
possesses a symmetric encoder–decoder structure. The encoder network
combines low-level cloud features to form high-level, low-resolution cloud
feature maps, whereas the decoder network restores the obtained high-level
cloud feature maps to the same resolution of input images. The Softmax
classifier finally achieves pixel-wise classification and outputs
segmentation results. SegCloud has powerful cloud discrimination capability
and can automatically segment whole-sky images obtained by a ground-based
all-sky-view camera. The performance of SegCloud is validated by extensive
experiments, which show that SegCloud is effective and accurate for
ground-based cloud segmentation and achieves better results than traditional
methods do. The accuracy and practicability of SegCloud are further proven
by applying it to cloud cover estimation.
Impacts of enhanced weathering on biomass production for negative emission technologies and soil hydrology
Authors: de Oliveira Garcia Wagner , Amann Thorben , Hartmann Jens , Karstens Kristine , Popp Alexander , Boysen Lena R. , Smith Pete , Goll Daniel
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Limiting global mean temperature changes to well below
2 ∘C likely requires a rapid and large-scale deployment of
negative emission technologies (NETs). Assessments so far have shown a high
potential of biomass-based terrestrial NETs, but only a few assessments have included effects
of the commonly found nutrient-deficient soils on biomass production. Here,
we investigate the deployment of enhanced weathering (EW) to supply
nutrients to areas of afforestation–reforestation
and naturally growing forests (AR) and bioenergy grasses (BG) that are deficient in phosphorus (P), besides the
impacts on soil hydrology. Using stoichiometric ratios and biomass estimates
from two established vegetation models, we calculated the nutrient demand of
AR and BG. Insufficient geogenic P supply limits C storage in biomass. For a
mean P demand by AR and a low-geogenic-P-supply scenario, AR would sequester
119 Gt C in biomass; for a high-geogenic-P-supply and low-AR-P-demand
scenario, 187 Gt C would be sequestered in biomass; and for a low geogenic P
supply and high AR P demand, only 92 Gt C would be accumulated by biomass.
An average amount of ∼150 Gt basalt powder applied for EW
would be needed to close global P gaps and completely sequester projected
amounts of 190 Gt C during the years 2006–2099 for the mean AR P demand
scenario (2–362 Gt basalt powder for the low-AR-P-demand and for the high-AR-P-demand scenarios would be necessary, respectively). The average
potential of carbon sequestration by EW until 2099 is ∼12 Gt C (∼0.2–∼27 Gt C) for the specified
scenarios (excluding additional carbon sequestration via alkalinity
production). For BG, 8 kg basalt m−2 a−1 might, on average,
replenish the exported potassium (K) and P by harvest. Using pedotransfer
functions, we show that the impacts of basalt powder application on soil
hydraulic conductivity and plant-available water, to close predicted P gaps,
would depend on basalt and soil texture, but in general the impacts are
marginal. We show that EW could potentially close the projected P gaps of an
AR scenario and nutrients exported by BG harvest, which would decrease or
replace the use of industrial fertilizers. Besides that, EW ameliorates the
soil's capacity to retain nutrients and soil pH and replenish soil nutrient
pools. Lastly, EW application could improve plant-available-water capacity
depending on deployed amounts of rock powder – adding a new dimension to the
coupling of land-based biomass NETs with EW.
Predominance of hexamethylated 6-methyl branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers in the Mariana Trench: source and environmental implication
Authors: Xiao Wenjie , Wang Yasong , Liu Yongsheng , Zhang Xi , Shi Linlin , Xu Yunping
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are
useful molecular indicators for organic carbon (OC) sources and the
paleoenvironment. Their application in marine environments, however, is
complicated because of a mixed terrestrial and marine source. Here, we
examined brGDGTs in sediments from the Mariana Trench, the deepest ocean
without significant terrestrial influence. Our result shows a strong
predominance of hexamethylated 6-methyl brGDGT (IIIa′) (73.40±2.39 % of total brGDGTs) and an absence of 5-methyl brGDGTs, different
from previously reported soils and marine sediments that comprised both
5-methyl and 6-methyl brGDGTs. This unique feature, combined with high
δ13COC (-19.82±0.25 %), low OC∕TN ratio (6.72±0.84), low branched and isoprenoid tetraether (BIT) index (0.03±0.01), and high acyclic hexa- ∕ pentamethylated brGDGT ratio (7.13±0.98), support that brGDGTs in the Mariana Trench sediments are
autochthonous rather than terrestrial products. The compiling of literature
data shows that the enhanced fractional abundance of hexamethylated 6-methyl
brGDGTs is a common phenomenon in continental margins when the marine
influence was intensified. The cross plot of acyclic hexa- ∕ pentamethylated
brGDGT ratio and fractional abundance of brGDGT IIIa′ provide a novel
approach to distinguish terrestrial and marine-derived brGDGTs.
New strategies for vertical transport in chemistry-transport models: application to the case of the Mount Etna eruption on March 18, 2012 with CHIMERE v2017r4
Authors: Lachatre Mathieu , Mailler Sylvain , Menut Laurent , Turquety Solène , Sellitto Pasquale , Guermazi Henda , Salerno Giuseppe , Caltabiano Tommaso , Carboni Elisa
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Excessive numerical diffusion is one of the major limitations in the representation of long-range transport by chemistry-transport models. In the present study, we focus on excessive diffusion in the vertical direction, which has been shown to be a major issue, and we explore three possible ways to address this problem: increase vertical resolution, use an advection scheme with antidiffusive properties, and represent more accurately the vertical wind. This study is done with the CHIMERE chemistry-transport model, for the March 18, 2012 eruption of Mount Etna, which has released about 3 kt of sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere into a plume that has been observed by satellite instruments (IASI and OMI) for several days. The change from the classical Van Leer et al., (1977) scheme to the Després and Lagoutière (1999) antidiffusive scheme in the vertical direction has been shown to bring the largest improvement to model outputs in terms of preserving the thin plume emitted by the volcano. To a lesser extent, improved representation of the vertical wind field has also been shown to reduce plume dispersion. Both these changes help reducing vertical diffusion in the model as much as a brute-force approach (increasing vertical resolution).
Required sampling density of ground-based soil moisture and brightness temperature observations for calibration and validation of L-band satellite observations based on a virtual reality
Authors: Lv Shaoning , Schalge Bernd , Saavedra Garfias Pablo , Simmer Clemens
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Microwave remote sensing is the most promising tool for
monitoring near-surface soil moisture distributions globally. With the Soil
Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP)
missions in orbit, considerable efforts are being made to evaluate derived soil
moisture products via ground observations, microwave transfer simulation,
and independent remote sensing retrievals. Due to the large footprint of the
satellite radiometers of about 40 km in diameter and the spatial
heterogeneity of soil moisture, minimum sampling densities for soil moisture
are required to challenge the targeted precision. Here we use 400 m
resolution simulations with the regional Terrestrial System Modeling
Platform (TerrSysMP) and its coupling with the Community Microwave Emission
Modelling platform (CMEM) to quantify the maximum sampling distance allowed
for soil moisture and brightness temperature validation. Our analysis
suggests that an overall sampling distance of finer than 6 km is required to
validate the targeted accuracy of 0.04 cm3 cm−3 with a 70 %
confidence level in SMOS and SMAP estimates over typical mid-latitude
European regions. The maximum allowed sampling distance depends on the
land-surface heterogeneity and the meteorological situation, which
influences the soil moisture patterns, and ranges from about 6 to 17 km
for a 70 % confidence level for a typical year. At the maximum allowed
sampling distance on a 70 % confidence level, the accuracy of
footprint-averaged soil moisture is equal to or better than brightness
temperature estimates over the same area. Estimates strongly deteriorate
with larger sampling distances. For the evaluation of the smaller footprints
of the active and active–passive products of SMAP the required sampling
densities increase; e.g., when a grid resolution of 3 km diameter is sampled
by three sites of footprints of 9 km sampled by five sites required, only
50 %–60 % of the pixels have a sampling error below the nominal values.
The required minimum sampling densities for ground-based radiometer networks
to estimate footprint-averaged brightness temperature are higher than for
soil moisture due to the non-linearities of radiative transfer, and only
weakly correlated in space and time. This study provides a basis for a
better understanding of the sometimes strong mismatches between derived
satellite soil moisture products and ground-based measurements.
Infrared-based sensor system for contactless monitoring of wetness and ice
Authors: Tharmakularajah Lakshan , Döring Jakob , Krieger Karl-Ludwig
Published: April 2020

Abstract. In order to differentiate between a wet and a dry road surface, the water film height should be measured by using an infrared-based sensor system. By means of different wavelengths, it is also possible to distinguish between ice and water. In this article, a sensor system for the determination of the physical state of water on different surfaces using infrared LEDs and one photodiode is presented. This shall serve as a basis for the calculation of the road condition. Here, emitted and reflected signals of five different infrared emitters are acquired with an infrared receiver. In commercial sensors this method (operating with one emitter) is used to determine a distance. At a constant distance, different intensities of the reflected signal are measured depending on the colour and texture of the surface. Similar sensor systems work with a broadband light, usually a halogen lamp, and several photodiodes. This type of sensor system is more cost-intensive and not robust enough for the desired application. The transmission spectrum of water shows that light is absorbed at a wavelength of 900 nm and strongly at a wavelength of about 1.4–1.5 µm. From the absorption spectrum of ice, it can be concluded that the wavelengths up to 1.4 µm are absorbed less than the wavelength at 1.5 µm. Therefore, the intensity depends not only on the material surface, but also on the wavelength of the transmitting and receiving diode. In order to distinguish between ice and water, the intensities of the light at the wavelengths 1.45 and 1.55 µm are compared, which is shown in this article by the measurements. In ice, the infrared light is more strongly absorbed at 1.55 µm.
Phase synchronisation in the Kuroshio Current System
Authors: Klose Ann Kristin , van Westen René M. , Dijkstra Henk A.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The Kuroshio Current System in the North Pacific displays path
transitions on a decadal timescale. It is known that both internal variability
involving barotropic and baroclinic instabilities and remote Rossby waves
induced by North Pacific wind stress anomalies are involved in these
path transitions. However, the precise coupling of both processes and
its consequences for the dominant decadal transition timescale are still
under discussion. Here, we analyse the output of a multi-centennial
high-resolution global climate model simulation and study phase
synchronisation between Pacific zonal wind stress anomalies and Kuroshio
Current System path variability. We apply the Hilbert transform technique
to determine the phase and find epochs where such phase synchronisation
appears. The physics of this synchronisation are shown to occur through
the effect of the vertical motion of isopycnals, as induced by the propagating
Rossby waves, on the instabilities of the Kuroshio Current System.
Land-use perturbations in ley grassland decouple the degradation of ancient soil organic matter from the storage of newly derived carbon inputs
Authors: Panettieri Marco , Courtier-Murias Denis , Rumpel Cornelia , Dignac Marie-France , Almendros Gonzalo , Chabbi Abad
Published: April 2020

Abstract. In a context of global change, soil has been identified as a potential carbon (C) sink, depending on land-use strategies. To detect the trends of carbon stocks after the implementation of new agricultural practices, early indicators, which can highlight changes in short timescales are required. This study proposes the combined use of stable isotope probing and chemometrics applied to solid-state 13C NMR spectra to unveil the dynamics of storage and mineralization of soil C pools. We focused light organic matter fractions isolated by density fractionation of soil water stable aggregates because they respond faster to changes in land-use than the total soil organic matter. Samples were collected from an agricultural field experiment with grassland, continuous cropping, and ley grassland under temperate climate conditions. Our results indicated contrasting aggregate dynamics depending on land-use systems with grassland returning to soil larger amount of C as belowground inputs than cropping systems. Those fresh inputs are preferentially incorporated at the level of microaggregates, which are enriched in C in comparison with those of cropped soils. Land-use changes with the introduction of ley grassland provoked a decoupling of the storage/degradation processes after the grassland phase. The newly-derived maize inputs were barely degraded during the first three years of maize cropping, whereas grassland-derived material was depleted. As a whole, results suggest large microbial proliferation as showed by 13C NMR under permanent grassland, then reduced within the first years after the land-use conversion, and finally restored. The study highlighted a fractal structure of the soil determining a scattered spatial distribution of the cycles of storage and degradation of soil organic matter related to detritusphere dynamics. In consequence, vegetal inputs from a new land-use are creating new detritusphere microenvironments rather than sustaining the previous dynamics, resulting in a legacy effect of the previous crop. Increasing the knowledge on the soil C dynamics at fine scale will be helpful to refine the prediction models and land-use policies.
The influence of water percolation through crevasses on the thermal regime of a Himalayan mountain glacier
Authors: Gilbert Adrien , Sinisalo Anna , Gurung Tika R. , Fujita Koji , Maharjan Sudan B. , Sherpa Tenzing C. , Fukuda Takehiro
Published: April 2020

Abstract. In cold and arid climates, small glaciers with cold accumulation
zones are often thought to be entirely cold based. However, scattering in
ground-penetrating radar (GPR) measurements on the Rikha Samba Glacier in
the Nepal Himalayas suggests a large amount of temperate ice that seems to
be influenced by the presence of crevassed areas. We used a coupled
thermo-mechanical model forced by a firn model accounting for firn heating
to interpret the observed thermal regime. Using a simple energy conservation
approach, we show that the addition of water percolation and refreezing in
crevassed areas explains these observations. Model experiments show that
both steady and transient thermal regimes are significantly affected by
latent heat release in crevassed areas. This makes half of the glacier base
temperate, resulting in an ice dynamic mainly controlled by basal friction
instead of ice deformation. The timescale of thermal regime change, in
response to atmospheric warming, is also greatly diminished, with a
potential switch from cold to temperate basal ice in 50–60 years in the
upper part of the glacier instead of the 100–150 years that it would take
without the effect of the crevasses. This study highlights the crucial role
of water percolation through the crevasses on the thermal regime of glaciers
and validates a simple method to account for it in glacier thermo-mechanical
models.
Projecting circum-Arctic excess ground ice melt with a sub-grid representation in the Community Land Model
Authors: Cai Lei , Lee Hanna , Aas Kjetil Schanke , Westermann Sebastian
Published: April 2020

Abstract. To address the longstanding underrepresentation of the influences of highly variable ground ice content on the trajectory of permafrost conditions simulated in Earth System Models under a warming climate, we implement a sub-grid representation of excess ground ice within permafrost soils using the latest version of the Community Land Model (CLM5). Based on the original CLM5 tiling hierarchy, we duplicate the natural vegetated landunit by building extra tiles for up to three different excess ice conditions for each grid cell. For the same total amount of excess ice, introducing sub-grid variability in excess ice contents leads to different excess ice melting rates at the grid level. In addition, there are impacts on permafrost thermal properties and local hydrology with sub-grid representation. We evaluate this new development at a single-point at the Lena river delta, Siberia, where three sub-regions with distinctively different excess ice conditions are observed. A triple-landunit case accounting for this spatial variability conforms well to previous model studies for the Lena river delta and displays a markedly different dynamics of future excess ice thaw compared to a single-landunit case initialized with average excess ice contents. We prescribed a tiling scheme combined with our sub-grid representation to the global permafrost region using the dataset “Circum-Arctic Map of Permafrost and Ground-Ice Conditions” (Brown et al., 2002). The sub-grid scale excess ice produces significant melting of excess ice under a warming climate and enhances the representation of sub-grid variability of surface subsidence on a global scale. Our model development makes it possible to portray more details on the permafrost degradation trajectory depending on the sub-grid soil thermal regime and excess ice melting. The modeled permafrost degradation with sub-grid excess ice follows the pathway that continuous permafrost transforms into discontinuous permafrost before it disappears, including surface subsidence and talik formation, which are highly permafrost-relevant landscape changes excluded from most land models. Our development of sub-grid representation of excess ice demonstrates a way forward to enhance improve the realism of excess ice melt in global land models, but further developments rely on additional global observational datasets on both the horizontal and vertical distributions of excess ground ice.
Martyrdom, Liberation, and Belonging: An Ethnography on the Popular Saint George Veneration among Palestinian Christians
Authors: Marteijn Elizabeth
Published: April 2020

Among the broad religious spectrum of the Levant, the figure of Saint George/Al-Khader stands out. As the patron saint of Palestine, Saint George is one of the most popular saints among Palestinian Christians. Traditionally, the popular Saint George veneration has been associated with phenomena such as Canaanite rituals, shared shrines, blood sacrifices, and rural culture. This centuries-old practice survived and is still widely alive among local Palestinian Christians. Based on a critical study of textual sources and twelve months of ethnographic fieldwork in the West Bank, this article provides an ethnographic-theological account on the Palestinian Saint George veneration, focusing on the controversial political uses and the spiritual meaning of this figure in the Palestinian context. I argue that this popular faith expression has transformed from a cult focused on human flourishing to a platform for grassroots theological ideas, mainly concerning themes like martyrdom, liberation, and belonging to the land.
Imaging the Sacred Online: Digital Media Productions of Progress at a Megachurch in Korea
Authors: Na Hyemin
Published: April 2020

Whether still or moving, clicked, liked, uploaded, or forwarded, digital images have become powerful mechanisms for curating cultural imaginaries in the current context of globalized communication networks. The image has become a visual shorthand for a complex tangle of social issues. Meanwhile, there is a long tradition of religious communities negotiating constructions of the sacred through visual means. This paper analyzes how the sacred is constructed visually in digital platforms, and how image and the conception of progress intersect. I investigate the process by which digital media producers of an influential megachurch in Seoul, South Korea, embed societal norms regarding progress in the selection and creation of visual images for their mobile apps and websites. This study will contribute to understanding the role churches play in producing and disseminating societal narratives regarding progress in the South Korean context.
واقع التحول الرقمي في المؤسسات العمانية
Authors: البلوشية نوال بنت علي , الحراصي نبهان بن حارث , العوفي علي بن سيف
Published: April 2020

ملخص

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى استكشاف واقع التحول الرقمي في سلطنة عمان، عن طريق التعرف على الأدوار التي تقوم بها المؤسسات المختلفة بالسلطنة في مجال التحول الرقمي والحكومة الإلكترونية، وتقييم مستوياتها في التحول، بالإضافة إلى التعرف على أبرز المشاريع المنفذة بها في هذا الجانب، تماشيًا مع التوجهات العالمية في المجال. واعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي النوعي، والمقابلة شبه المقننة كأداة رئيسة لجمع البيانات، بمساندة تحليل المحتوى للوثائق في هذا الجانب التي تم الحصول عليها من المؤسسات عينة الدراسة، لدعم النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها عن طريق المقابلة.

وطبقت الدراسة على أربع مؤسسات حكومية وهي: وزارة التقنية والاتصالات ووزارة التربية والتعليم ووزارة الصحة وشرطة عمان السلطانية، ومؤسسة واحدة من القطاع الخاص هي بنك مسقط، ومن أبرز النتائج التي توصلت إليها الدراسة هي: قيام المؤسسات بجهود وأدوار واضحة للتحول رقميًا، من توعية وتثقيف وتدريب وتكامل وجاهزية وغيرها، كما تفاوت مستوى التحول بالمؤسسات عينة الدراسة إلا أن جميعها بذلت جهودًا ساعدت في تقدّم السلطنة في مستوى التحوّل الرقمي حسب آخر تقرير للأمم المتحدة لعام 2018، وارتفاع مستواها في مجالات التقييم الأخرى كالمشاركة الإلكترونية. وتمثلت أبرز مشاريع التحوّل بالسلطنة في مشاريع البنية الأساسية كنظام التصديق الإلكتروني ومشروع منصة التكامل الحكومية، ومشاريع أخرى كالمركز الوطني للسلامة المعلوماتية، ومراكز ساس المختلفة بوزارة التقنية والاتصالات، بالإضافة إلى المشاريع بالمؤسسات عينة الدراسة كالبوابة التعليمية، وبوابة الصحة الإلكترونية، وتطبيقات الخدمات المختلفة المتاحة على الهواتف الذكية.

وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة التعريف بالخدمات الإلكترونية المتاحة والترويج لها، عن طريق استغلال التقنية كوسائل الإعلام المختلفة، وشبكات التواصل الاجتماعي، حتى يتم التعرف إليها من قبل المستفيدين ومن ثَمَّ توسيع دائرة استخدامها، وضرورة تكثيف استغلال المؤسسات لتقنيات الثورة الصناعية الرابعة، في استحداث مشاريع تقنية تخدم عملها في التحول بصورة فعلية، ويكون لها تأثير واضح في العمل المنجز وآلية تقديمه.
دور إنترنت الأشياء في إدارة المعرفة في مؤسسات المعلومات
Authors: مطر السالمي جمال بن , سعيد عبدالله خالد عتيق , سالم الهنائي عبدالله بن
Published: April 2020

ملخص

أضحت المعرفة المورد الأهم لتمييز منظمات اليوم ومنها مؤسسات المعلومات التي أدركت أهمية تبني مفهوم إدارة المعرفة لتفعيل ما تمتلكه من معرفة، وذلك من خلال العمليات المرتبطة بإنتاج هذه المعرفة وتنظيمها والتشارك بها وبما يساهم في تحسين أنشطة الخدمات في هذه المؤسسات. ومع ظهور تطبيقات متطورة لمفهوم إنترنت الأشياء، بالإضافة إلى تطور تقنيات المعلومات والاتصالات فإنه يمكن الاستفادة منها في إدارة المعرفة كون تقنيات إنترنت الأشياء لها القدرة على ربط الكيانات المادية ودعم التفاعل مع العنصر البشري.

من هذا المنطلق، تسعى هذه الدراسة إلى إبراز دور تطبيقات إنترنت الأشياء في دعم أنشطة إدارة المعرفة في مؤسسات المعلومات وبالتالي تحسين خدماتها. ولتحقيق هذا الهدف فإن هذه الدراسة تعتمد المنهج الوصفي، من خلال استقصاء وتحليل النتاج الفكري المنشور عربيًا وأجنبيًا بهدف استقراء مجالات العلاقة بين إنترنت الأشياء وأنشطة إدارة المعرفة في مؤسسات المعلومات.

نتائج الدراسة أشارت إلى أن مؤسسات المعلومات استفادت من إنترنت الأشياء في تعقب جميع الكيانات المادية والمعنوية الموجودة في هذه المؤسسات وتحديد أماكنها في حالة فقدانها أو إزاحتها من أماكنها المحددة، كما أنها أضحت قادرة على مراقبة أعداد الزوار وتحديد ساعات الذروة والمصادر الأكثر استخدامًا وبالتالي تمكنت هذه المؤسسات من تقديم خدمات تفاعلية سريعة تستجيب لتطلعات المستفيدين. وعليه، توصي هذه الدراسة بأن تبادر مؤسسات المعلومات المختلفة إلى الاستفادة من تطبيقات إنترنت الأشياء لتلبية الاحتياجات المتجددة والمتغيرة لمستفيديها.
CT score and correlation with lung function and microbiology of adult patients with cystic fibrosis with predominant I1234V genotype in Qatar
Authors: Thomas Merlin , Raja Mehak , Albakri Mutaz , Najim Mostafa , Chandra Prem , Allangawi Mona
Published: April 2020

Background: Computed tomography (CT) features of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease can be objectively quantified using current CT scoring systems to assess the extent and severity of the disease. The aims of this study were to calculate the Santamaria CT scores in adult patients with CF with the predominant CFTR I1234V genotype, determine its reliability, and correlate these parameters with lung function, microbial colonization, compliance to treatment, and exacerbations. Methodology: This retrospective observational study was conducted on adult patients with CF who were regularly followed up in the adult CF service at Qatar via CT scans that were taken not during an acute exacerbation. CT scans were scored using the Santamaria scoring system. Corresponding spirometry, microbiological data of sputum culture, and relevant clinical data were correlated with individual CT scores. Results: Only 23 of the 31 patients underwent CT when not in an acute exacerbation and were included in the study analysis. A total of 20 (87%) patients had the I1234V genotype. There was good agreement between the two radiologists on the Santamaria CT scores with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value of 0.991. Bronchiectasis was the most consistent finding, followed by interlobular and intralobular septal thickening. Patients with poor lung function and frequent exacerbations had significantly higher CT scores (p = 0.015). The CT scores of patients colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa were higher but nonsignificant (p = 0.20). The mean CT scores were significantly higher in patients who were noncompliant to regular treatment than in those who were compliant (p = 0.012). Conclusion: Santamaria CT scores comprise a reliable scoring system for adult patients with CF and can be used to determine the extent and severity of lung disease. P. aeruginosa colonization causes more structural lung damage than other common colonizing organisms. Noncompliance to treatment has a significant impact on the increasing severity of CF lung disease.
COGNIÇÃO E FRAGILIDADE DE IDOSOS DA COMUNIDADE
Authors: Pereira Renata Rabelo , Silva Cleane Rosa Ribeiro da , Vasconcelos Selene Cordeiro , Braga Lucineide Alves Vieira , Monteiro Edilene Araújo , Pontes Maria de Lourdes de Farias
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: analisar a relação entre o desempenho cognitivo e a fragilidade de idosos da comunidade.Método: estudo transversal, observacional e quantitativo, realizado no período de agosto adezembro de 2016, com 126 idosos cadastrados em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família de JoãoPessoa-PB. O Mini Exame do Estado Mental foi utilizado para a avalição cognitiva e a Escala deFragilidade de Edmonton para a fragilidade. Foi realizada análise descritiva e inferencial, aplicaramsetestes de Qui-Quadrado de Independência, Spearman, Kendall, Coeficiente de Cramér e Razãode Chance.Resultados: na avaliação do desempenho cognitivo, verificou-se que 24 (19%) idosos manifestaramdéficit cognitivo e 50 (39,6%) demonstraram ser frágeis. Os idosos com déficit cognitivo apresentaram2,56 (IC95%: 0,55-0,96) mais chance de serem frágeis.Conclusão: evidenciou-se relação estatística significante entre o desempenho cognitivo coma fragilidade em idosos da comunidade, evidenciando que idosos que têm déficit cognitivoapresentam maior probabilidade de serem frágeis.
VIVÊNCIAS SINGULARES DE PROFISSIONAIS DE SAÚDE NA REDE E APOIO SOCIAL À CRIANÇA COM PARALISIA CEREBRAL
Authors: Dantas Meryeli Santos de Araujo , Longo Egmar , Ribeiro Kátia Suely Queiroz Silva , Moreira Maria Adelaide Silva Paredes , Reichert Altamira Pereira da Silva , Collet Neusa
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: compreender as vivências dos profissionais de saúde na rede e apoio social à criança comparalisia cerebral.Metodologia: estudo descritivo, qualitativo, realizado com oito mães e uma avó em clínica escola einstituição à pessoa com deficiência, de outubro de 2015 a maio de 2016, por meio de entrevistasemiestruturada. Interpretação balizada pela análise temática e fundamentada nos conceitos deEmmanuel Lévinas.Resultados: é comum estresse dos profissionais afetando a relação equipe-criança e família,gerando desconfiança e falta de compromisso entre estes. Deposita-se confiança nos profissionaisde reabilitação e há fragilidade na relação com profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família.Conclusão: as vivências dos profissionais de saúde na rede e apoio social à criança com paralisiacerebral demonstram que esses devem respeitar as situações em que o Outro está enredado, demodo a ajustar as metas do tratamento de acordo com a necessidade do Outro.
CUSTO-EFETIVIDADE DA CENTRAL DE MISTURA DE MEDICAMENTOS INJETÁVEIS EM UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA NEONATAL
Authors: Marques Lucília Feliciano , Marta Cristiano Bertolossi , Silva Roberto Carlos Lyra da , Peregrino Antônio Augusto de Freitas , Silva Carlos Roberto Lyra da , Schutz Vivian
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: analisar o custo-efetividade da central de mistura intravenosa na redução de erros dedoses no preparo de medicamentos injetáveis em terapia intensiva neonatal.Método: modelo matemático proposto em 2017 para avaliar o custo-efetividade, comparandoduas tecnologias em saúde em cenários hipotéticos utilizando o programa Software TreeAge® ProSuite 2011. Simulação de Monte Carlo analisou a robustez do modelo.Resultados: o modelo prediz que a central de mistura de injetáveis é custo-efetivo, com efetividademédia de 0,96 para se evitar erros de dose na administração de medicamentos intravenosos, comrazão de custo-efetividade incremental de R$ 26.785,61.Conclusão: o uso da central de mistura intravenosa foi a alternativa mais custo-efetiva, considerandoa disposição de pagar assumida no modelo. O estudo pode contribuir para reduzir incertezas natomada de decisões acerca da incorporação de tecnologias para redução de erros de dose naadministração de medicamentos em UTI pediátrica e neonatal.
PRÉ-HOSPITALAR MÓVEL EM PORTUGAL E BRASIL: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Cyrino Claudia Maria Silva , Almeida Priscila Masquetto Vieira de , Dell'Acqua Magda Cristina Queiroz , Deodato Sergio , Michelin Nathallia Serodio , Castro Meire Cristina Novelli e
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: identificar o perfil das publicações e os temas abordados na literatura no contexto préhospitalarmóvel em Portugal e no Brasil.Método: revisão integrativa realizada em cinco bases de dados online entre os meses de fevereiroe março de 2017. Foram selecionados artigos completos nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e portuguêsentre os anos de 1981 e 2017.Resultados: dos 54 estudos incluídos, os enfermeiros estiveram presentes em 81,50% deles. Verificouseque 37% estavam relacionados às características dos atendimentos, 22% aos profissionais, 20%aos riscos ocupacionais, 17% à gestão e 4% à educação em saúde .Conclusão: as publicações tiveram um pico no ano de 2011 sendo os profissionais enfermeiros osprincipais autores. Como temática, foram abordados, majoritariamente, a análise dos atendimentosdos serviços e o perfil, conhecimento e atuação dos profissionais atuantes no pré-hospitalar móvel.
FATORES ASSOCIADOS À MORTALIDADE HOSPITALAR POR CAUSAS EXTERNAS
Authors: Silva Vanessa Almeida Cardoso , Nery Adriana Alves , Oliveira Juliana Da Silva , Carmo Érica Assunção , Constâncio Tatiane Oliveira de Souza , Rios Marcela Andrade , Santos Givaní Moraes
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados à mortalidade hospitalar por causas externas, segundo ascaracterísticas do indivíduo, dos agravos e das internações.Método: estudo transversal, oriundo de dados secundários dos prontuários das vítimas de causasexternas internadas em um hospital geral na Bahia. Os dados foram analisados por meio daestatística descritiva e para verificação dos fatores associados à mortalidade hospitalar utilizou-se oteste Qui-quadrado de Pearson.Resultados: identificou-se 5.537 internações por causas externas no referido hospital, no período de2009 a 2013, das quais 192 (3,7%) evoluíram para óbito. Verificou-se associação do óbito hospitalarcom as variáveis: faixa etária (p=0,001), município de ocorrência (p=0,018), tipo de causas externas(p=0,001), natureza da lesão (p=0,018), segmento corporal (p=0,001) e dia da semana (p=0,005).Conclusão: a identificação dos fatores associados à mortalidade hospitalar por causas externaspoderá contribuir para a definição de ações e medidas que reduzam e previnam esses óbitos.
HIPODERMÓCLISE PARA TRATAMENTOS NÃO CONVENCIONAIS EM PEDIATRIA: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Saganski Gabrielle Freitas , Freire Márcia Helena de Souza , Peres Aneís Louise , Gusso Amanda Khetleen , Moraes Suellen Da Rocha Lage , Migoto Michelle Thais
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: descrever o uso da hipodermóclise em tratamentos pediátricos não convencionais.Método: revisão integrativa, com período amostral de 2010 a 2018, em cinco bases de dados.Dois revisores independentes procederam à seleção dos artigos. Após foi realizada avaliação pelonível de evidência, segundo Instituto Joanna Briggs.Resultados: foram selecionados seis artigos internacionais, com evidência de nível 1 e 3. As doençase situações não-convencionais para o tratamento via hipodermóclise foram: artrite idiopáticajuvenil poliarticular; prevenção de hiponatremia na restrição de fluidos; sedação em tratamentoodontológico; desordens reumáticas; antibioticoterapia e hipertensão arterial pulmonar refratária.Conclusão: o procedimento constitui-se como opcional efetivo e seguro para administração demedicamentos em crianças, justificada devido à minimização da intensidade da dor e proteçãodo estresse da criança, família e equipe de enfermagem. Contudo, são necessárias mais pesquisaspara fundamentá-lo cientificamente, e para implementação na prática profissional.
ANÁLISE DE CIRCUNSTÂNCIAS NOTIFICÁVEIS: INCIDENTES QUE PODEM COMPROMETER A SEGURANÇA DOS PACIENTES
Authors: Sagawa Marcella Rarumi , Silva Ana Elisa Bauer de Camargo , Lima Juliana Carvalho de , Bezerra Ana Lúcia Queiroz , Costa Natália Nunes , Sousa Maiana Regina Gomes de , Gimenes Fernanda Raphael Escobar
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: identificar os incidentes do tipo circunstância notificável ocorridos em um hospital deensino de Goiás.Método: estudo descritivo, transversal, de análise retrospectiva de relatórios da equipe deenfermagem da unidade de clínica médica, entre janeiro de 2010 e dezembro de 2015. Os dadosforam coletados e registrados em instrumento semiestruturado e procedeu-se à análise descritiva.Resultados: foram encontradas 2.718 circunstâncias notificáveis, das quais 1.100 (40,5%) estavamrelacionadas a Recursos/Gestão Organizacional, 844 (31,1%) a Dispositivos/Equipamentos Médicos,270 (9,9%) a Documentação, 262 (9,6%) a Infraestrutura/Instalações, 109 (4,0%) a Comportamento,80 (3,0%) a Medicações/Fluidos Endovenosos, 28 (1,0%) a Sangue/Hemoderivados, 17 (0,6%) aDieta/Alimentação.Conclusão: o estudo permitiu identificar alta frequência de situações com potencial para gerardanos aos pacientes internados, demonstrando fragilidades organizacionais e assistenciais queprecisam ser discutidas pela gestão, de modo a promover melhorias no processo de cuidado eprevenção da ocorrência de incidentes.
DESCRIMINALIZAÇÃO DO ABORTO: PERCEPÇÃO DOS GESTORES EM CIDADES FRONTEIRIÇAS
Authors: Luersen Daniele , Lange Celmira , Lemões Marcos Aurélio Matos , Peters Carla Weber , Carniére Clarice De Medeiros , Linck Caroline De Leon
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: descrever a percepção dos gestores de municípios fronteiriços sobre a lei que descriminalizao aborto no Uruguai.Método: pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, que realizou entrevistas semiestruturadasno mês de março de 2017. Participaram seis gestores municipais e de saúde de cidades fronteiriçasentre o Brasil e Uruguai. Utilizou-se a análise temática conforme descrita por Minayo.Resultados: os gestores apontaram que argumentos morais, religiosos e científicos ainda permeiama discussão, e reconheceram que estes fatores não impedem a decisão da mulher na realizaçãodo aborto. Os participantes assinalaram que faltam informações sobre a lei de descriminalizaçãodo aborto, e o acompanhamento integral das mulheres. Concordaram que devem considerar ogrande fluxo fronteiriço, além da dupla cidadania que lhes concede direitos.Conclusão: este estudo pode contribuir para o debate sobre direito da mulher na decisão doaborto, e apoiar gestores para discutir a saúde pública.
AVALIAÇÃO DOS PADRÕES DE QUALIDADE DA ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM COM INDICADORES DE PROCESSO
Authors: Ferreira Natássia Carmo Lopes Queiroz , Menegueti Mayra Gonçalves , Almeida Cristiane Leite de , Gabriel Carmen Silvia , Laus Ana Maria
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade da assistência de enfermagem de uma instituição hospitalar por meiode indicadores de qualidade.Método: estudo observacional, transversal, prospectivo, realizado nas Unidades de Clínica Médicae Cirúrgica de um hospital filantrópico em Minas Gerais, durante quatorze dias consecutivos em2017, utilizando o instrumento de Registro de Busca Ativa, desenvolvido e validado por Vituri.Resultado: foram avaliados 185 pacientes adultos, totalizando 650 observações. O panorama dosindicadores de ambas as clínicas demonstrou que, dos 14 indicadores, sete (50%) foram classificadoscomo “insuficientes” em ambas as clínicas.Conclusão: processos avaliativos sistemáticos possibilitam conhecer o desempenho técnico erelacional dos profissionais bem como os conhecimentos e habilidades para as práticas assistenciais.A adoção de indicadores assistenciais pode auxiliar o processo de gestão e gerenciamento doserviço de enfermagem.