bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Origin of Viscoelasticity and Influence of Methylation in Mesophase Pitch
Authors: Jung Gang Seob , Yoo Pilsun , Ryder Matthew , Vautard Frederic , Annamraju Aparna , Irle Stephan , Gallego Nidia , Lara-Curzio Edgar
Published: May 2024

The viscoelastic and thermomechanical properties of pitches are responsible for their melt- spinning behavior, a critical step for manufacturing high-performance pitch-based carbon fibers. Here, we systematically explore the impact of methyl group modifications on the viscoelastic and thermal properties of mesophase pitches. We employ a range of atomistic modeling approaches, including Density Functional Theory (DFT), Density Functional Tight Binding (DFTB), and Classical Molecular Mechanics (MM), to provide detailed insights into the molecular interactions and structural changes. Our results revealed the molecular mechanisms that promote layered structures leading to the anisotropic nature of the viscoelastic behavior of mesophase pitch. Furthermore, we propose a modified molecular representation of naphthalene-based mesophase pitch based on the analysis of x-ray diffraction measurements. This study provides fundamental insights into the molecular structures of mesophase pitch and the role of methyl groups controlling its viscosity, which offer valuable insights into mesophase-based carbon fiber production.
Cyclization by metal-catalyzed hydrogen atom transfer/radical-polar crossover
Authors: Shigehisa Hiroki
Published: May 2024

Catalytic transformation of alkenes via the metal-hydride hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT) mechanism has notably advanced synthetic organic chemistry. This review focuses on MHAT/radical-polar crossover (MHAT/RPC) conditions, offering a novel perspective on generating electrophilic intermediates and facilitating various intramolecular reactions. Upon using cobalt hydrides, the MHAT mechanism displayed exceptional chemoselectivity and functional group tolerance, making it invaluable for the construction of complex biologically relevant molecules under mild conditions. Recent developments have enhanced regioselectivity and expanded the scope of MHAT-type reactions, enabling the formation of cyclic molecules via hydroalkoxylation, hydroacyloxylation, and hydroamination. Notably, the addition of an oxidant to traditional MHAT systems enables the synthesis of rare cationic alkylcobalt(IV) complexes, bridging radical mechanisms to ionic reaction systems. This review culminates with examples of natural product syntheses and exploration of asymmetric intramolecular hydroalkoxylation, highlighting the ongoing challenges and opportunities for future research to achieve higher enantioselectivity. This review revisits the historical evolution of the MHAT mechanism and provides the groundwork for further innovations in the synthesis of structurally diverse and complex natural products.
Impact of Acetylation, Succinylation, and pH on PEI-Based Polyplex Structure and Function
Authors: Uddin Nasir , Dinar Md Abu Monsur , Pack Daniel , DeRouchey Jason
Published: May 2024

Polyethylenimine (PEI), a widely used cationic polymer for nonviral gene delivery, often undergoes modification to enhance its transfection efficiency while reducing cytotoxicity. This study systematically examines the effects of acetylation and succinylation on PEI’s physicochemical properties, transfection efficiency, and DNA packaging within polymer-DNA complexes called polyplexes. We synthesized and characterized a range of acetylated (acPEI, 10-50%) and succinylated (zPEI, 2-40%) PEIs, assessing their capacity to condense and deliver DNA effectively. Both acetylation and succinylation modify the colloidal and charge properties of PEI polyplexes, enhance DNA release, and alter transfection efficacy. In particular, low levels of succinylation substantially improve transgene expression in the presence of serum proteins. Structurally, acetylation consistently reduces DNA packaging density, while succinylation exhibits a more complex behavior where DNA packing density first decreases then increases with higher levels of modification. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the internal structure of PEI polyplexes is profoundly affected by pH during condensation and the pH environment during transfection. Lower pH conditions strengthen PEI-DNA interactions, resulting in polyplexes that are not only more stable, but also exhibit tighter DNA packaging. Critically, we show that pH changes, akin to those that occur during the endocytic pathway in mammalian cells, not only further compact DNA within PEI polyplexes, but also facilitate the release of PEI molecules from the complex, potentially aiding in endosomal escape.
A Sterol Panel for Multiple Rare Lipid Disorders: Validation and Application for Sitosterolemia, Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis and Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndome
Authors: Westbye Alexander Bauer , Dizdarevic Lili L , Dahl Sandra R , Asprusten Emil Andreas , Bliksrud Yngve Thomas , Thorsby Per M , Retterstøl Kjetil
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND. Disease-specific sterols accumulate in the blood of patients with several rare lipid disorders. Biochemical measurement of these sterols is important for correct diagnosis and sometimes monitoration of treatment. Existing methods to measure sterols in blood, particularly plant sterols, are often laborious and time consuming. Partly as a result, clinical access to sterol measurements are limited in many parts of the world. METHODS. A simple and rapid method to extract free sterols from human serum and quantitate their concentration using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) without derivatization was developed. The method was designed to be “compatible” with routine workflows (eg. 96-well format) in a clinical lab and was extensively validated. Serum from 73 controls were analyzed and used to estimate the upper reference limits for sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, desmosterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC), lathosterol and cholestanol. Serum from patients with the rare lipid disorders sitosterolemia (n=7), Smith-Lemli-Optiz syndrome (SLOS; n=1) and cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX; n=1) were analyzed. RESULTS. All seven sitosterolemia patients were measured to have greatly elevated levels of free plant sterols (sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol) compared to the controls. The SLOS serum contained massively increased concentrations of 7DHC and an unidentified compound (likely 8-dehydrocholesterol). CTX serum contained greatly increased concentrations of cholestanol, as well as 7DHC and lathosterol. Spiking experiments indicated that the method is likely also useful in the diagnosis of desmosterolosis and lathosterolosis. CONCLUSION. The reported method is a relatively simple and fast method capable of quantitating diagnostically important sterols and differentiating patients with several rare lipid disorders from controls.
[M]-/Organo-Catalyzed Aerobic Functionalization of Alkylaryl-Siloxanes: Synthesis Carboxy-, Carbonyl- and Hydroxy-Aryl-Siloxanes
Authors: Goncharova Irina , Arzumanyan Ashot
Published: May 2024

This study presents a solution to the key challenge in modern chemistry of silicones – a functionalization of organosilicon compounds. We have previously shown the potential of the aerobic oxidation for a functionalization of several model p-tolyl-siloxanes to corresponding p-carboxyphenyl-derivatives. Unfortunately, this method has several drawbacks: limited scope, time and energy consumption, as well as scaling problems. We now present their solution. Mild and highly effective liquid-phase [M]-/organo-catalyzed aerobic functionalization of alkylaryl-siloxanes was developed. Reactions proceed at room temperature and atmospheric pressure within 0.5-24 h yielding products in quantitative conversions and high yields. Components of the catalytic system are simple, cheap and commercially available: Co(OAc)2 as earth-abundant metal-catalyst, and N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) as an organo-catalyst. A unique combination of solvents with hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) being both co-solvent and process activator (usually in small quantities, 10-25%), provided high efficiency. HFIP allows to overcome scope limitations (most substrates were not oxidized in the absence of HFIP). It also dramatically increases process efficiency minimizing time and energy consumption (reaction time is 0.5-24 h, at r.t. and 1 atm) and solving scalability problems (≥100 g). Method allows to obtain a wide range of both carboxy-, carbonyl- and hydroxy-aryl-containing silanes/siloxanes of linear, hyperbranched, cyclic and cage (polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes or spherosilicates) structure. This approach is applicable to both monomeric and oligomeric and polymeric substrates with various number of functional groups.
Photochemical Phosphorus-Enabled Scaffold Remodeling of Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Scheidt Karl , Peng Qiupeng , Hwang Meemie , Rentería-Gómez Ángel , Mukherjee Poulami , Young Ryan , Qiu Yunfan , Wasielewski Michael , Gutierrez Osvaldo
Published: May 2024

The excitation of carbonyl compounds by light to generate radical intermediates is a distinctive mode of molecular activation. These processes play important roles in organic synthesis, especially for the challenging formation of carbon-carbon bonds that conventional two-electron chemical processes are unable to achieve. This approach has historically been restricted to ketones and aldehydes, and carboxylic acids have been overlooked due to high energy requirements and their low quantum efficiency. The development of a robust and general method for the direct excitation of carboxylic acid derivatives holds significant promise for advancing the field of chemistry. A successful activation method strategy necessitates a bathochromic shift in the absorbance profile, an increase in triplet diradical lifetime, and ease of further functionalization. We present a phosphorus-based strategy through a single-flask transformation of carboxylic acids into acyl phosphonates that access synthetically useful triplet diradicals under visible light or near-ultraviolet irradiation. The use of phosphorus circumvents unproductive Norrish type I processes, promoting selectivity that enables new hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) logic and facilitates diverse reactivity. Employing this strategy promotes the efficient scaffold remodeling of carboxylic acids through various annulation, contraction, and expansion manifolds. This expansion of HAT logic enabled by easily accessed acyl phosphonates represents significant potential for pharmaceuticals, materials science, and environmental applications.
Synthesis and in vitro assessment of the reactivation profile of clinically available oximes on the acetylcholinesterase model inhibited by A-230 nerve agent surrogate
Authors: Bernardo Leandro , Borges Caio , Buitrago Pedro , Kuca Kamil , Cavalcante Samir , Sousa Roberto , Lima Antonio , Kitagawa Daniel
Published: May 2024

The risk of use of toxic chemicals for unlawful acts has been matter of concern for different governments and multilateral agencies. The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), which oversees the implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), considering recent events employing chemical warfare agents as means of assassination, has recently included in the CWC “Annex on Chemicals” some organophosphorus compounds that are regarded asactingin a similar fashion to the classical G- and V-series of nerve agents, inhibiting the pivotal enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Therefore, knowledge of the activity of the pyridinium oximes, the sole class of clinically available acetylcholinesterase reactivators so far, is plainly justified. In this paper, continuing our research efforts in the Medicinal Chemistry on this class of toxic chemicals, we synthesized an A-230 nerve agent surrogate and applied a modified Ellman’s assay in order to evaluate its ability to inhibit our enzymatic model, acetylcholinesterase from Electrophorus eel, and if the clinically available antidotes are able to rescue the enzyme activity for the purpose of relating the findings to the previously disclosed in silico data for the authentic nerve agent and other studies with similar A-series surrogates. Our experimental data indicates that pralidoxime is the most efficient compound for reactivation of acetylcholinesterase inhibited by A-230 surrogate, which is the opposite to the in silico data previously disclosed.
Surface chemistry in atomic layer deposition of AlN thin films from Al(CH3)3 and NH3 studied by mass spectrometry
Authors: Mpofu Pamburayi , Hafdi Houyem , Niiranen Pentti , Lauridsen Jonas , Alm Oscar , Larsson Tommy , Pedersen Henrik
Published: May 2024

Aluminum nitride (AlN) is a semiconductor with a very wide band gap and a potential dielectric material. Deposition of thin AlN films is routinely done by several techniques, including atomic layer deposition (ALD). In this study, we deposited AlN using ALD with trimethylaluminum (TMA) as the Al precursor and ammonia (NH3) with and without plasma activation as the N precursor in the temperature range from 100 to 400 °C while monitoring the surface reactions using mass spectrometry. Our results, combined with recent quantum chemical modelling, suggest that the surface chemistry of the deposition process is chemisorption of TMA followed by reductive elimination of the methyl groups to render mono methyl aluminum species. The NH3 chemisorption is done by ligand exchange to form CH4 and an -NH2 terminated surface.
Community Issues and Insights 2024: A Record-High Share of Respondents Observed a Decline in Affordable Housing
Authors: Klesta Matthew
Published: May 2024

The Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland's Community Issues Survey (CIS) collects information semiannually from direct service providers to monitor economic conditions and identify issues impacting low- and moderate-income (LMI) households in the Fourth District, a region that includes Ohio, western Pennsylvania, eastern Kentucky, and the northern panhandle of West Virginia. In March 2024, we surveyed nearly 600 organizations that directly serve LMI individuals and communities across our District and received 100 responses (17 percent response rate). The results of this survey are summarized here and provide insights into how organizations and the households they serve are faring as they continue to navigate the impacts of inflation.
Pesquisa, projeto e industrialização: a participação da arquitetura na UnB de Darcy Ribeiro
Authors: Aliaga Fuentes Maribel del Carmen
Published: May 2024

Uma cidade criada na poeira vermelha do Cerrado no centro do país, a partir do traço do arquiteto, não poderia prescindir de uma universidade. Assim pensava a intelectualidade brasileira no final dos anos 1950. Essa defesa, assim como a transferência da capital, não era unanimidade, mas foi sendo elaborada, discutida e defendida. Reforçando o debate, temos a participação ativa dos arquitetos que aqui estavam construindo a cidade. Os cursos de arquitetura no Brasil eram poucos e estavam concentrados nas grandes capitais. Apesar de importantes debates sobre os cursos e o ensino, na prática não havia formação docente. Todas essas discussões encontram, na criação da Universidade de Brasília, um ambiente propício para o desenvolvimento do conhecimento. Inserido num contexto único de ausências e experimentações, o curso consegue reunir nomes importantes da arquitetura e do urbanismo, atraindo jovens arquitetos na expectativa de uma carreira acadêmica, além de dar espaço para a criação de novidades que correspondessem aos anseios dos estudantes. O tempo vivido foi curto, pouco mais de dois anos, interrompidos pela ditadura militar de 1964. Porém, reescrevendo e resgatando a memória por nossas personagens, podemos perceber que a intensidade dessa vivência acompanhou sempre os mestrandos da FAU-UnB de 1965.
Reflection and Learning From the 2019 General Election and the 2020 Regional Election: An Analysis of The Election Implementation Experience in Indonesia
Authors: Habibi Muhammad , Destavino Irvanus , Mahadika Alam
Published: May 2024

This study aims to examine various aspects of elections in Indonesia, encompassing electoral design, the application of information technology, budget allocation, and various issues in the 2019 General Election and the 2020 Election, with the objective of reflecting and evaluating the implementation of the 2024 General Election. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach and descriptive analysis, where primary data were collected through in-depth interviews with stakeholders involved in the general elections and regional elections, as well as through observations and documentation studies. The results indicate that a lack of focus on law enforcement aspects during the legislative process is the primary cause of these issues. Furthermore, several norms were identified as being less practical when applied in the field. These findings underscore the need for clarification and harmonization in Indonesia's election legislation.
Volatility of World Oil Prices Towards Venezuela's Economic Crisis
Authors: Achmad Achmad
Published: May 2024

The drop in world oil prices, especially in 2014, caused Venezuela to experience a crisis. This is because oil is the country's main commodity and 95% of Venezuela's exports come from oil commodities. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method. By using the theory of International Political Economy, International Organization, and Price Liberalization, the author tries to find out the causes of the decline in world oil prices and efforts to stabilize world oil prices in this case OPEC and market mechanisms. The results of this study indicate that Venezuela's financial inability to deal with falling oil prices due to inappropriate government policies such as the Venezuelan Social Program has caused Venezuela to experience an economic crisis. This then causes further impacts in the form of a humanitarian crisis, namely poverty, hunger, unemployment, crime, and an increase in the number of Venezuelan refugees. The series of crises resulted in Venezuela becoming one of the countries that failed to overcome domestic crises.
Unleashing The Power of Big Data: The Phenomenon Behind Indonesia's Smart City Policy Implementation
Authors: Latif Ikhwan Rahmatika , Ikhsan Ikhsan , Hajad Vellayati , Akbar Arif , Afrijal Afrijal , Saputra Ilham Mirza
Published: May 2024

The concept of smart cities has emerged as a promising prospect for several major urban centers in Indonesia. Putting smart city projects together requires thinking about many things. Big data has become one of the most important parts for making sure that these projects will last. Employing big data technology makes it easier to improve the ways that data is stored and processed. This makes it possible to gather useful data that could greatly improve a wide range of smart city services. This study uses a library-based qualitative research approach to analyze scholarly journals and relevant literature. The method involves meticulous collection of data from carefully chosen libraries, aiming to provide comprehensive insights into the phenomenon of big data in smart cities implementation within government administration. This study aims to contribute to the identification and analysis of challenges encountered in emergency situations, with the ultimate goal of providing assistance in effectively mapping the problem at hand. The present discourse underscores the indispensability of Indonesia's contemporary human mindset in bolstering the viability of the smart city paradigm.
Governing green open space in indonesia: barriers and opportunities to enhancing enviromental quality
Authors: Yusuf Muhamad , Kurniasih Denok , Saputra Anggara Setya
Published: May 2024

This article discusses the enhancing of  governing green open space in Indonesia. It began by looking at the current condition of green open space in Indonesia, highlighting the barriers faced in governing these areas, looking at opportunities to enhancing, and making recommendations to improve green open space governance. Literature review on governance frameworks that can maximize the potential of green open spaces in Indonesia. The results of this study show that there are several constraints in governing green open spaces, including less awareness and understanding among stakeholders, limited funding and resources, inadequate urban planning, limited community involvement, limited law enforcement and monitoring, urbanization and land scarcity, and weak coordination among government agencies in their management bodies. Our findings point to opportunities in governing greenspace areas, by learning from successful projects, exploring global good practices; innovative financing and partnerships; integrating greenspace into urban planning for cohesive neighborhoods; engaging communities for long-term success and shared responsibility; raising awareness of the value of greenspace through educational campaigns; and utilizing technology for data-driven decision-making and community participation. These opportunities contribute to policy recommendations that can be used by the central government and local governments to improve green open space governance in Indonesia.
Fulfillment of women's political rights through mainstreaming gender quotas in Election Supervisory Board
Authors: Muharam Ricky Santoso , Pradhanawati Ari , Fitriyah Fitriyah , Supratiwi Supratiwi
Published: May 2024

This study examines women's political representation as election supervisors, the rules regarding women's representation in accordance with the regulations of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections have not been able to run well. This study uses qualitative research by making observations in the recruitment process of the Election Supervisory Board of the Republic of Indonesia and the affirmation quota of women as election supervisors in Election Supervisory Board, Yogyakarta Special Region Province. This study aims to see the application of regulations on the general election law on women's representation and its application in the recruitment process of election supervisors that accommodate women's representation. This finding shows that there is still a gap in women's representation in election supervisory institutions where the rules regarding 30 percent female representation have been very clearly regulated. Evaluation of these findings requires a policy of changing regulations that regulate sanctions for non-fulfillment of women's representation as one of the solutions to fulfill women's gender kouta as female supervisors. The conclusion of this study is that there are several factors that hinder the fulfillment of women's political rights such as, a wrong understanding of political gender, the risk of becoming a very large election supervisor, socialization of selection that is not right on target and the competence of prospective candidates who lack knowledge about elections.
Bridging the gender gap: women in fisheries industry policy on the North Coast of West Java, indonesia
Authors: Indriasih Dewi , Mulyantini Sri , Fajri Aminul , Rimbawan Teguh
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the study is to examine the model of women's empowerment in creating financial independence. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach, data collection is carried out through in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders, namely women's mobilization shops in fishing villages in 11 sub-districts and 32 villages in Indramayu, Manpower Office, Fisheries and Marine Service, Social Service, Environment Office. Data analysis using the help of Nvivo 12 Plus software for visualization and mapping data conclusions. The result of this study is the strategy of empowering women in creating financial independence, showing that the empowerment of women in fishing villages in North Coast, West Java uses a partnership strategy. The research result that awareness and socialization were carried out by village cadres who had been trained by several agencies. The government agencies that appointed to carried out  several empowerments program for women's groups, namely by the Manpower Agency, Fisheries and Marine Agency, Social Service Agency, Environmental Affairs Agency with utilizing the potential of local resources. Strategies to increase the capacity of women empowerment are carried out training and mentoring around financial and business literacy and strengthening social capital, as well as environmental awareness.
Multi-position and orientation analysis of spatial parallel manipulator using DE algorithm
Authors: Meghavathu Roopa , N. Mohan Rao
Published: May 2024

Differential Evolution (DE) is an informative and direct approach to optimization with limited control parameters. This paper presents a multi-position and orientation analysis of a Spatial Parallel Manipulator considering the influence of physical constraints, such as limb lengths and spherical joint motion. The synthesis process primarily involves determining the scopes of the permanent base and movable platform relative to the axes of the revolute joints, enabling the moving platform to traverse a predetermined range of positions. The dimensions of the moving platform and fixed base are determined by considering restrictions on joint motion to design the parallel manipulator using the DE algorithm method. The synthesis procedure is illustrated with a numerical example involving eight positions.
Design and performance simulation of a soft artificial heart by using the ANSYS software
Authors: Malik F. Elmzughi , Mohammed A. Hamoudah , Tawfeeq Omar Almuhaddibi
Published: May 2024

Blood is pumped from the heart, a muscular organ, to various body organs via blood arteries. The aim of this paper is to create a temporary device, such as a pump, for individuals with cardiac diseases for whom survival without a transplant is unfeasible. Until a donor heart becomes available, the patient may have ample time with these makeshift devices. This paper uses engineering principles to explore the idea of an artificial heart. Using SOLIDWORKS 18 and ANSYS 21, numerical simulation and examination of the artificial heart were carried out. A Multiphysics static structural model and fluent fluid flow (CFD) analytical techniques were utilized to ascertain the dynamic response and impacts of pressure. SOLIDWORKS was utilized to model the 3D geometries, and ANSYS Design Modeler was used to import the geometries for preprocessing. The solver used throughout the study is ANSYS FLUENT, a tool used to analyze fluid flow troubles, known as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Next is mesh generation, which means discretization of the domain to solve governing equations at each cell and later specify the boundary zones to apply boundary conditions for this paper. The simulation results showed that at maximum levels of absolute pressure in air pressurized chambers, the performance of the heart remained secure and suitable for comfortable conditions.
Research on Tax Risk Regulation and Strategic Management in the Context of Big Data
Authors: Gong Shouzeng
Published: May 2024

With the rapid development of big data, big data has been more and more applied in all walks of life. Under the big data environment, massive big data provides convenience for regional tax risk control and strategic decision-making but also increases the difficulty of data supervision and management. By analyzing the status quo of big data and tax risk management, this paper finds many problems and puts forward effective countermeasures for tax risk supervision and strategic management by using big data.
Exploring Corporate Tax Compliance in the Era of Digital Tax Collection and Administration: Insights from the “Golden Tax Phase Four” Project
Authors: Fan Kai , Xie Yujin , Xu Wenjun , Wei Haopeng
Published: May 2024

This article primarily examines the current state of tax collection and management, alongside other associated issues. It integrates insights from China’s “14th Five-Year Plan” and anticipates the imminent implementation of the “Golden Tax Phase Four.” With this backdrop, the article offers recommendations for advancing the reform of the tax collection and management system, fostering the development of intelligent taxation, and accelerating the modernization of tax collection and management in China.
GESTÃO EDUCACIONAL NO PLANO NACIONAL DE EDUCAÇÃO DO BRASIL E DO PARAGUAI: SIMILITUDES, DIVERGÊNCIAS E DESAFIOS
Authors: Alves Andréia Vicência Vitor , Gimenes Pamela Caetano
Published: May 2024

Neste estudo busca-se apreender a concepção de gestão educacional apresentada no Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE) do Brasil e do Paraguai, procurando evidenciar suas similitudes, divergÇencias e desafios. Para tanto, realizamos pesquisa documental, tendo como fonte documental aporte normativo que abarca a gestão educacional e o Plano Nacional de Educação no Brasil e no Paraguai. Conclui-se que tanto no PNE do Brasil como no do Paraguai, há um hibridismo na concepção de gestão educacional, apresentando características da gestão democrática da educação ao buscar atender aos anseios de sua população, buscando a sua participação no processo educacional, com vista a sua formação para a cidadania; como também características da gestão gerencial ao buscar eficácia, controle e desempenho com vistas a resultados educacionais, como requer a agenda internacional da educação, que intenta a erradicação do analfabetismo, monitoramento, a modernização da educação nos países, parceria público privada e, principalmente, resultados educacionais.
FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE NO CURSO DE PEDAGOGIA: REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DE PROFESSORES SUPERVISORES DE ESTÁGIO SOBRE DOCÊNCIA
Authors: Vieira Antonia Maíra Emelly Cabral da Silva , Melo Elda Silva do Nascimento
Published: May 2024

Este estudo é um recorte da tese de doutoramento apresentada ao programa de pós-graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). Diante da amplitude da referida pesquisa, optamos, para o momento, analisar a representação social de professores supervisores acadêmicos de estágio supervisionado sobre docência. Quanto à metodologia, é uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa que se fundamenta na Teoria das Representações Sociais (MOSCOVICI, 1978), com esse respaldo, discutimos os resultados da entrevista semiestruturada aplicada a professores universitários que ministram disciplinas de estágio supervisionado no curso de Pedagogia da Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande Norte-UERN. Para análise dos dados utilizamos a técnica de categorização sob a égide da Análise de Conteúdo (BARDIN, 2011), com uso da análise temática e categorial. Como resultados ponderamos que a representação social de docência se alicerça na história de vida, na trajetória enquanto estudantes e nas experiências vivenciadas no cotidiano da profissão. No mais, foi possível identificar alguns elementos que podem caracterizar a existência de um habitus que engendra a prática desses sujeitos e reverberam nas representações sociais sobre a profissão.
DEMOCRACIA, POLÍTICA E AVALIAÇÃO: O PAPEL DOS OBSERVATÓRIOS NO ACOMPANHAMENTO DO DIREITO À EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Pinguello Morgado Suzana , Araújo Vanessa Freitag de , França Fabiane Freire
Published: May 2024

A implementação das políticas públicas requer, além da ação política do legislativo e executivo, o acompanhamento dos observatórios de políticas públicas. Diante disso, o objetivo do trabalho foi analisar, a partir da implantação dos observatórios de políticas públicas no Brasil, a atuação do Observatório do Plano Nacional de Educação (OPNE) com a finalidade de compreender seu papel no acompanhamento do PNE 2014-2024. Partimos de uma investigação baseada na perspectiva crítica da realidade fundada no método histórico e com o aporte da metodologia de pesquisa bibliográfica. Compreendemos que estamos em um momento histórico propício para a atuação dos observatórios de políticas devido ao nível de democracia adotado pelo Estado contemporâneo e que os dados obtidos e compilados pelo Observatório do PNE se constituem como ferramentas para a avaliação da política implementada a nível nacional. Entendemos também que o OPNE cumpre papel importante pelo advocacy pela educação que pode se constituir, a depender do seu poder de influência e de seus parceiros, como interferência privatista na renovação do ciclo da política de educação brasileira.
Yenilikçi ağ modelleri kapsamında yerli tıbbi cihaz tasarım süreçlerinde endüstriyel tasarımın rolü
Authors: Özyurt Elmas Merve , Erda İsmail Suha
Published: May 2024

Bu çalışma, yenilikçi ağ modelleri çerçevesinde disiplinlerarası etkileşimin yoğun olduğu tıbbi cihaz tasarım sürecini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yerli tıbbi cihaz sektöründe tasarım süreçlerinde “Endüstriyel Tasarım” rolünü, inovasyonu destekleyen ağ modelleri üzerinden inceleyen ilk araştırma olma özelliğini taşımaktadır. Bu araştırma, yerli tıbbi cihaz sektöründeki Araştırma ve Geliştirme (AR-GE) ve tasarım faaliyetlerinin inovasyonla ilişkisini, tasarım süreçlerinde firma dışı kaynak kullanımını ve yapılan iş birliklerini analiz etmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Tüm bu faaliyetler, paydaşlar arasındaki ilişkiler, devlet politikaları ve oluşturulan sağlık ekosistemdeki önemli unsurları vurgulamayı hedeflemektedir.
Çalışma, kavramsal çerçeve doğrultusunda iki aşamalı bir alan çalışmasını içermektedir. İlk aşama, saha çalışması olarak adlandırılmakta olup, 57 yerli tıbbi cihaz üreticisi firma ve yedi sektöre özgü paydaşla gerçekleştirilen mülakatları içermektedir. Bu saha çalışması, yerli tıbbi cihaz üreticilerinin süreç ve iş birlikleri hakkında bilgi sağlamayı, gelişmelerini takip etmeyi ve periyodik gerçekleştirilen mülakatları içermektedir. Bu bilgiler, ikinci aşama olan vaka çalışmalarının temelini oluşturmuştur. Alan çalışması sonucunda belirlenen 8 adet yerli tıbbi cihaz tasarım sürecine ait vaka analizi gerçekleşmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, yerlileştirme ve mevcut tıbbi cihaz süreçlerinin ürün geliştirme odaklı olduğunu, rekabet odaklı ortaklıkların arttığını, geleneksel kullanıcı araştırma yöntemlerinin ve endüstriyel tasarım faaliyetlerinin yenilikçi ağ yapılarında daha çok ve dış kaynak olarak kullanıldığını göstermiştir.
Çalışmanın sonuçları, endüstriyel tasarımın yenilikçi ağ modellerine dahil edilmesinin yenilik çıktıları üzerinde olumlu bir etkisinin olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, çok disiplinli çalışma kültüründe eksikliklerin bulunduğu, küresel ölçekte iş birliği yapan firmaların yenilik faaliyetlerinin daha fazla olduğu ve proje odaklı stratejilerin belirlenmesi gerekliliği ortaya çıkmıştır.
Association of potassium and sodium parameters with the type of stroke
Authors: Yakar Şule , Baykan Necmi
Published: May 2024

Background/Aim: Stroke is a significant cause of death along with malignant neoplasm and cardiovascular disease. Comorbidities and laboratory abnormalities are common in stroke patients. Imaging methods are the gold standard in the differential diagnoses of stroke, but they are not used sufficiently to diagnose stroke, especially in underdeveloped countries. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between electrolytes and clinical outcomes in patients with hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke.
Methods: Patients diagnosed with a stroke in the emergency department for one year were reviewed for this retrospective cohort study. We separated the patients into two groups, hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, according to their diagnosis. Demographic, clinical features, laboratory, and imaging results were compared for the two groups. Potassium and sodium variables and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were used to predict the stroke status of individuals.
Results: In total, we included 321 patients in our study; 114 (35.5%) patients had experienced a hemorrhagic stroke, and 207 (64.5%) patients had had an ischemic stroke. In the hemorrhagic stroke group, 64% were males, while 50.2% of the ischemic stroke group were males. The most common chronic disease was found to be hypertension in both groups (42.1% (hemorrhagic) and 33.3% (ischemic)). There was a statistically significant difference in the comparison of potassium and sodium parameters and diagnostic groups (P=0.021 and P=0.036). In addition, hypokalemia was found to be significant in the diagnosis of hemorrhagic stroke (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Using potassium levels in the differential diagnosis of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke is especially useful in the management of patients who cannot undergo imaging.
The basics and prospects of surgical collapse treatment for advanced pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Donchenko D. , Krasnikova E. , Salikhov B. , Tarasov R. , Chitorelidze G. , Bagirov M.
Published: May 2024

The paper presents the evolution of a surgical collapse approach to treating advanced pulmonary tuberculosis in circumstances where the causative agent shows a higher drug resistance and where the possibility of performing resection operations and pneumonectomies is limited. The authors show the historical aspects of development from thoracoplastic surgery to extrapleural pneumolysis, by filling the extrapleural space. They also depict stages in searchiing for effective biocompatible filling materials that provide a stable collapse of the lung tissue containing cavities and bullous deformity. The paper shows the experience with extrapleural pneumolysis via silicone implant filling, which demonstrates reliability, high efficiency and cosmetic advantage over thoracoplasty. The beneficial effect of extrapleural pneumolysis with silicone filling with silicone on respiratory function and pulmonary microcirculation was studied. Today, experience continues to accumulate in the use of extrapleural pneumolysis with silicone filling in the staged surgical treatment of advanced tuberculosis in combination with lung resections of various sizes and pneumonectomy, which considerably expands the boundaries of operability in patients with a decrease in functional indicators that have been previously considered hopeless. The prospects of the described method to treat this complex patient category necessitates further development of a wide range of issues, including the clarification of indications depending on the localization of the process and the degree of a respiratory function decrease, the improvement of equipment, the features of hospital management of the patients who have undergone surgery and their postoperative rehabilitation.
La residencialidad como competencia. Una aproximación basada en los modos de realización del Estado
Authors: Vergara Vidal Jorge E.
Published: May 2024

Los enfoques utilizados en los estudios sociales sobre la vivienda en Chi-le tienen en común considerar al Estado como un instrumento clave en su fomento, desarrollo y producción, ya sea desde la acción de sus leyes o desde la operación de sus estructuras e instituciones. En ese marco, tanto la noción como las estadísticas de incremento y déficit de vivienda sirven a la evaluación de ese instrumento y de las orientaciones que asume. Sin menoscabo de lo anterior, el presente trabajo explora una aproximación diferente, donde el Estado es un proyecto social cuya realización requie-re la articulación de competencias específicas, como las asociadas al habitar dentro de su espacio territorial y que son vinculadas a la noción de residencialidad. A partir de la revisión de procedimientos legislativos y estadísticos, el texto analiza el amplio proceso que describe la residencialidad como fenómeno realizativo del Estado, y discute si el desplazamiento de la gestión de estos procedimientos hacia ámbitos diferentes al Esta-do enuncia un detrimento de sus competencias a favor de otros proyectos sociales que disputan, por esa vía, la estatalidad en el caso chileno.
Una revisión interdisciplinar del concepto de forma y sus implicancias en la crisis de la cultura
Authors: Salinas Quintana Pedro
Published: May 2024

En este artículo se refl exiona interdisciplinariamente sobre el concepto de forma, profundizando en una acepción distinta a la de contorno o apariencia sensible. Se presenta una revisión desde los orígenes griegos con la fi losofía de Platón y Aristó-teles, para luego revisar el concepto de forma ya en la modernidad fi losófi ca con Kant, Schopenhauer y Cassirer. Se hace, además, una revisión del concepto de las formas de lo inconsciente desde la psicología analítica de Carl Gustav Jung. Desde la estética, en tanto, se consideran acepciones de forma particularmente siguiendo algunos supuestos del formalismo alemán del siglo XIX. Se completa la revisión conceptual con la psicolo-gía gestáltica del arte de Rudolf Arnheim, con quien se aborda el problema de la forma artística y la forma humana como detonantes de una crisis de la cultura. Finalmente, se propone el concepto de formas universalmente válidas para explicar la preminen-cia de ciertos universales estéticos que han operado epocalmente, dando consistencia simbólico-práctica a la base de la organización social, política y religiosa de una cultura y sus individuos. Se concluye que las crisis que han operado en la cultura pueden ser explicadas atendiendo al concepto de forma.
Prevalencia, factores de riesgo y antígeno de superficie HBsAg de Hepatitis B en una comunidad LGBTIQ+
Authors: Bajaña Romero Leidy Mishell , Castro Jalca Jazmín Elena
Published: May 2024

Este estudio se fundamenta en la necesidad de abordar la prevalencia del antígeno de superficie HBsAg de Hepatitis B en la comunidad LGBTIQ+ en Ecuador, destacando la urgencia de estrategias de salud pública inclusivas. El objetivo es evaluar la prevalencia y factores de riesgo asociados en esta población. Utilizando una metodología de análisis transversal con enfoque cuantitativo, se aplicaron encuestas y pruebas de detección del HBsAg a una muestra de 65 individuos LGBTIQ+. Los resultados revelan una prevalencia del 23,07% y factores de riesgo específicos, como el uso inconsistente de preservativos, especialmente con parejas ocasionales, y la penetración anal. Las conclusiones subrayan la importancia de programas de prevención y educación adaptados a las necesidades de la comunidad LGBTIQ+, promoviendo prácticas sexuales seguras y el acceso equitativo a servicios de salud. Este estudio contribuye a visibilizar la situación de salud de este grupo frecuentemente marginado, evidenciando la necesidad de más investigaciones e intervenciones de salud pública inclusivas y efectivas.
Percepción de la calidad del dato en informes epidemiológicos, Risaralda, Colombia 2023
Authors: Rodríguez Hernández Sebastián , Gómez González Claudia Patricia , Ocampo Suarez Leidy Maryuri , Rivera Molano Carlos Eduardo , Betancur Pulgarín Carmen Luisa
Published: May 2024

Introducción. La recolección de datos a nivel mundial se basa en los estudios epidemiológicos, obtener resultados en la salud pública a través de nuevos métodos de recolección y análisis de información, se acude a la sinergia entre el mundo cuantitativo y cualitativo de la investigación. Objetivo. explorar la percepción acerca de la calidad del dato en informes epidemiológicos, en epidemiólogos de la secretaría de salud departamental de Risaralda. Metodología. Estudio cualitativo, desde la teoría fundamentada, recolectando información por medio de una entrevista semiestructurada a profundidad, basado en la experiencia y conocimiento de los seis epidemiólogos de la Secretaría de Salud departamental de Risaralda. Resultados. Las percepciones tienen una inclinación negativa sobre las categorías de la calidad del dato en su característica de existencia, SIVIGILA, secretaria de salud y filtros de datos. En la frecuencia, las falencias en la información tienen un valor más alto y en menor medida el tema de mejora en la calidad del dato.  La justificación en la falencia de la calidad mencionada en las entrevistas destaca, “hay más presencia de epidemiólogos con menos eventos en el ministerio, y menos epidemiólogos con más eventos en las unidades recolectoras de datos primarias”, redunda en varias entrevistas y como aspecto a mejorar, concuerdan con asistencia técnica a las UPGD. Conclusión. La importancia de la calidad del dato tiene un valor conceptual y de aplicación, las entrevistas tienen componente negativo en las respuestas, resaltando dificultades en la recolección de los datos como el paso de estos por el sistema.
Editorial
Authors: González Peña Sandra
Published: May 2024

Nuestra facultad abrió sus puertas el 26 de enero de 1999con 60 estudiantes, después de que un grupo de médicosde la ciudad liderados por el Dr. Oscar Castaño Valencia,nuestro primer decano, soñaran con la creación de otroPrograma de Medicina en la ciudad, que brindara la oportunidad a más jóvenes de nuestra región para acceder a laformación médica de alta calidad.
Adaları Güzelleştirme Cemiyeti ve Bölge Turizmine Katkıları
Authors: Narin Resül
Published: May 2024

İstanbul’un güzide turizm merkezlerinden biri olan Adalar, Cumhuriyet’in ilk yıllarında cazibesini kaybetmeye başladı. Alternatif turizm seçeneklerinin artması ve özellikle Tenezzüh trenleri vasıtasıyla yeni turizm çekim merkezleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Adalar’da turizmi geliştirmek için çeşitli çözüm yolları aranmaya başlandı. Adından da anlaşılacağı üzere Adaları güzelleştirmek ve buraları bir cazibe merkezi haline getirmek için kurulan Adaları Güzelleştirme Cemiyeti, yaptığı faaliyetlerle Adalar’da iz bırakan bir dernek olmuştur.
Cemiyet, bölgede etkinlik düzenlemenin yanı sıra Adalar’daki sosyal hayata da dokunuşlar yapıyordu. Arabacıların ve hamalların kıyafetlerine kadar her türlü detay ele alınıyor ve düzene sokulmaya çalışıldı. Cemiyet’in icraatları o günün ulusal ve yerel gazetelerinde yer alan haberlerde genellikle takdirle karşılanıyordu. Adaları Güzelleştirme Cemiyeti, İstanbul’da benzer cemiyetlerin kurulmasına da vesile olmuştur. Bu cemiyetten sonra Boğaziçi ve çok geçmeden de Çamlıca’yı güzelleştirme cemiyetleri kurulmuştur.
Adalar gibi geçim kaynakları içerisinde en büyük payın turizm olduğu bölgelerde turizmi geliştirmek için çeşitli yollara başvurulmuştur. Yapılan çalışmalar bireysel olduğu gibi kurumsal da olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Adaları Güzelleştirme Cemiyeti’nin Adalar için yaptıklarını, arşiv kayıtları ve dönemin gazeteleri gibi kaynaklar kullanarak aktarmaya ve günümüz turizm çalışmalarına da ilham kaynağı olmaya çalışacağız.
Geospatial analysis of cholera outbreak mapping of prone areas in communities in Ondo State, Southwestern, Nigeria
Authors: Victor Ayodele, Ijaware
Published: May 2024

Cholera stands as an abrupt intestinal infection brought about by the consumption of food or water contaminated with comma-shaped bacteria, specifically Vibrio cholerae. The prime objective of this study is to employ Geospatial methodologies in the mapping of cholera occurrences within Ondo State. Geographical Information System (GIS) is utilized to chart the instances of cholera outbreaks. The pivotal aims of this endeavor encompass: · delineating the prevalence of cholera incidents across all Local Government Areas (LGA) within Ondo State; · assessing the trajectory of cholera occurrences within the research locale; · identifying the principal causes of cholera within Ondo State; · Outlining and suggesting potential strategies to counteract the incidence of cholera in the state; and · Forecasting the occurrence of cholera cases over the subsequent 5 to 10 years. Recorded instances of cholera were sourced from the ministry of health, supplemented by the use of questionnaires to amass primary data. The research leveraged both ArcGIS and SPSS as analytical tools. ArcGIS facilitated the mapping of cholera causes and plausible remedies. It is evident that Local Government Areas (LGAs) boasting larger populations recorded more cholera cases compared to their smaller counterparts. Furthermore, it is observed that the highest count of reported cholera cases across all LGAs was reached in 2014. The study establishes the potential for early diagnosis and preventive measures to obliterate the disease and integrate the resulting database into the primary health sector. It was discovered that there’s know significant differences in reported cases of cholera in all the Local Government Areas (LGA) despite the fact that the values looks similar or varies. The study recommends advancing the field of cholera mapping to unveil risk factors and preclude potential cholera outbreaks within the state. Anticipated production of risk maps will identify regions prone to future cholera attacks within the state.