bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application Of Information Communication Technology (Ict) In General Office Administration
Authors: Paul Enebeli John
Published: November 2024

Information Communication Technology has enhanced the daily office routines and had even contributed to their effectiveness and accuracy when handling administrative duties. This study focuses on how Information and Communication Technology has improved the method of office administration in the present dispensation.  This study has proven that new technologies remain important for the improvement of performance in organisations. The study had already seen the usefulness of ICT in administration. This study is advocating for possession of standard and befitting ICT skills that will lead to the effective and efficient information processing, storage and dissemination of information in all works of life, for which usefulness is not limited to private and government establishments. This study recommends increasing awareness of administrators towards ICT tools such as smart phones, faster Windows operating systems (e.g. Windows 10), laptops and tablets for effective use in word processing, database management, desktop publishing, micrographic, reprographic, emailing, scanning, graphics and office communication. It also recommends that administrative staff should possess and keep improving on their ICT skills for efficient and effective discharge of administrative duties. Our findings from this research show that ICT makes collaboration much easier among administrators. Administrators who are not physically present in the office can communicate more easily and their duties can go unhindered; we cannot bridge activities as a result of distance from office because ICT will make communication to be a continuous process. Businesses can maintain accurate records of their communication, transactions, and interactions by using ICT tools such as databases or accounting software.
Farmers’ Coping Strategies to Households Food Insecurity in Ezinihitte Mbaise Local Government Area of Imo State-Nigeria
Authors: Oduehie ThankGod Chijioke , Muhammad Musa B , Yakubu Danlami H , Aboajah Friday N , Kalu Ukpai
Published: November 2024

The study assessed farmers’ coping strategies for household food insecurity in Ezinihitte Mbaise Local Government Area of Imo state, Nigeria. A multistage random sampling procedure was used to select 90 farm households from whom data were elicited using a semi-structured interview schedule. Data were analysed using means, frequencies, percentages, and food security index. Results showed that the farm households' incidence of food insecurity and gap were 0.5111 and 0.4769 respectively, while the severity of food insecurity was 0.2388. Reduced number of meals eaten per day (78.26%), reduced size of meals (73.91%) and less expensive food were identified by 71.74% of the food insecure as coping strategies for food insecurity by farm households. Meanwhile, 75.56% and 70.00% of the farm households reported that low income and poor access to farm inputs were problems constraining their achievement of food security. The study concluded that a higher percentage of the farm households in the study area were food insecure. It was recommended that heads of farm households be encouraged to join and participate in cooperative societies to improve their food security status and access to production resources.
Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Women’s Farming Activities on Some Selected Food Crops in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Wole-Alo F.I , Agbomuserin G.E. , Aromolaran A. K
Published: November 2024

This study was carried out to examine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on women's farming activities on some selected crops in Delta State. A multistage sampling procedure was used to randomly select 120 cassava and maize female farmers.
The major effect of COVID-19 on women’s farming activities identified in the study was a reduction in crops produced and sold =2.51). There was a -27.59% and -17.64% decrement in the output of cassava and maize respectively and an increase in the respondents’ income as the cassava farmers incurred a 28.7% increment in their income while the maize farmers had 28.5%. There was a significant difference in the income generated from cassava production (t=-3.54, p=0.00) and maize production (t=-2.83, p=0.01). It was concluded that the effects of COVID-19 on farming activities were a decrease in the quantity of crops produced and sold, huge cost of farm input, low profit from crops sold, increase in post-harvest loss due to lack of storage, high standard of living, high cost in labour, cost of production and farm input. Subsidy should be placed on farm inputs like fertilizers, seedlings, pesticides and herbicides to reduce the cost of production for the farmers and provide an avenue for the farmers to be able to make a profit from their farms
Differences in Female and Male Farmers’ Participation in Arable Crop Production Activities in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: Akinwalere Bosede Olufunmilayo , Bayedo Olasehinde Pius
Published: November 2024

This study assessed gender differences in farmers’ participation in arable crop production activities in Ekiti State, Nigeria. A total of 144 arable crop farmers comprising of 72 male and 72 females were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire and analysed using frequency and percentage, Mean statistics and linear regression.  Results showed that factors that influenced the male’s participation were age (t=-6.090) and household size (t=3.529) whereas only age (t=-2.164) influenced the female’s participation in the process. Furthermore, a significant difference exists in the level of participation (t=13.684) and constraints faced (t=-10.326) by male and female farmers. The study deduced that male farmers participated more in arable crop Production activities than their female counterparts. Training aids should be tailored to meet the specific needs of female and male farmer
Use of climate-smart agricultural practices among smallholder farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Ojo Ibukun Elizabeth , Kolawole Ayorinde Ebenezer , Owolabi Ayotunde Olayinka , Obaniyi Kayode Samuel , Ayeni Matthew Durojaiye , Adeniyi Victoria Abosede , Ogundipe Kanyinsola Racheal
Published: November 2024

The study assessed the use of climate-smart agricultural practices among smallholder farmers in Ogun state, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 180 respondents. Data collected were analysed using frequency, percentage, mean, and Pearson product-moment correlation. The majority (70.6%) of the respondents indicated that the source of information on climate-smart agricultural practices was extension agents. All (100.0%) indicated they use minimum tillage, crop rotation, and mulching respectively, cover crop (81.1%), mixed cropping (82.2%), and integrated pest management (80%). Constraints limiting the use of climate-smart practices were: lack of supportive government policy ( = 2.69), insufficient access to credit ( = 2.60), lack of finance to adopt technology ( = 2.27), and lack of information ( = 2.28). Annual income (p= 0.028), education (p= 0.000, and contact with extension services (p= 0.000) had significant and positive correlation with the use of climate-smart agricultural practices by the farmers. The study recommends that the government should implement policies that support CSA practices and improve extension service delivery to increase farmers’ use of climate-smart practices.
Preferential Adoption of Bio-fortified Pro-vitamin A Yellow cassava varieties as Smart Feeding for Rural Farmers in Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Amanze Alice Nnenna , Oparaojiaku Joy Obiageri , Enwerem Ayo Vitus , Orji Janet Oliv , Ikeh Angus Onwudiwe , Nwokorie Uchechi Mercy , Osuagwu Chizoma Olivia
Published: November 2024

This study examined the preferential adoption of bio-fortified pro-vitamin A yellow cassava varieties as smart feeding for rural households. It employed cross-sectional data obtained from 318 farmers in Southeast Nigeria. Data were analysed using percentages, binary logistic regression, Mean, and standard deviation. The study found that the most highly adopted bio-fortified pro-vitamin A cassava varieties were: TMS07/0593 (92.6%), TMS 1371 (80%), and TMS 0539 (77%). The study revealed that access to farmland, farming experience, contact with extension agents, access to vitamin A yellow cassava stems, income from vitamin A yellow cassava, and low carbohydrate content were the significant predictors of adoption of bio-fortified pro-vitamin A yellow cassava varieties in the zone. The result from the study further showed farmers' order of preference for the adoption of bio-fortified pro-vitamin A yellow cassava varieties. The cost-benefit analysis revealed that the cultivation of bio-fortified pro-vitamin A yellow cassava gives a higher profit margin than the cultivation of white cassava. Farmers should be highly involved in farm enhancement collaborations to enhance their access to farm inputs that will boost their production. It is necessary to intensify the production of bio-fortified pro-vitamin A yellow cassava due to its nutritional benefits and higher profitability index.
Women’s involvement in Community Development Projects in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: Akinyemi Gbenga Gabriel , Okunlola James O , Toluhi Monica , Adefisoye Henry O.
Published: November 2024

This study assessed the involvement of women in community development projects in Ekiti State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 160 respondents randomly. A well-structured interview schedule, key informant technique and Focus Group Discussion were used to collect data on the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, development projects carried out with or without the involvement of the women and determine the perception of women towards their involvement in community development projects. Data collected were analysed using frequency, percentage, mean and Chi-Square. The results revealed that the majority (94.4%) of the women were involved in different community development projects and had favourable perceptions about women's involvement in community development projects (x ̅=3.0). Occupation (X2 =55.869, P=0.000) and level of education (r=0.183, P=0.021) were significantly associated with women's involvement in community development projects. The women had a high level of involvement in development projects. As a result of the low involvement of women in some development projects, the Government and NGOs should motivate and encourage women to be more involved in community development projects. Hence, community project sustainability will be enhanced
Willingness to Pay for Private Extension Services among Yam Farmers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Yakubu Danlami Haruna , Douseifa Gumugumu Godknows , Ango Adamu Kamba , Alhassan Jazuli
Published: November 2024

This study assessed the willingness to pay for private extension services among yam farmers in Nassarawa State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 295 respondents. An interview schedule was used to obtain data, which were analyzed using percentages and chi-square statistics. A significant majority (72.20%) of yam farmers are willing to pay for private extension services, with a willingness to pay, significantly associated with education (X2 = 12.1; p < 0.001), income (X2 = 14.5; p < 0.001), access to credit (X2 = 16.3; p < 0.001), age (X2 = 4.2; p < 0.05), marital status (X2 = 3.8; p < 0.05), and membership of association (X2 = 4.5; p < 0.05). The findings also highlight the crucial role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and private sources in providing extension services, with 55.25% and 40.68% of farmers receiving services from these sources, respectively. In contrast, only 4.07% of farmers received extension information from government sources, indicating a gap in government-led extension service delivery. The study recommends strengthening government extension service delivery systems, collaboration with NGOs and private sources and targeted extension programs to improve yam production and sustainability.
Tertiary Agricultural Students’ Perception of Social Media Use during the COVID-19 Pandemic Era in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Okoronkwo Ifeanyi Ernest , Yahaya Mohammad Kuta
Published: November 2024

This study investigated tertiary agricultural Students’ perception of Social Media Use during the COVID-19 Pandemic Era in Oyo State, Nigeria. A total of 210 students were selected using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Data on respondents' perceptions, benefits, predisposing factors, and constraints to use SM were collected through a questionnaire. Data were analysed using frequency counts, percentages, and mean. Most respondents (68.0%) had a positive perception of SM, while 74.5% derived high benefits from the use of SM during the COVID-19 pandemic. The quest for agricultural information (=1.82) constituted the most predisposing factor to use SM, while the high cost of devices (=1.74) was the most constraint to use SM. The students were favourably disposed to SM during COVID-19 pandemic era in Oyo State, Nigeria. Educators should consider integrating SM as a digital platform into their teaching  strategies, providing training and resources to students to ensure that they are using social media in a responsible and effective manner.
Maintenance Culture and Practices of Government Staff Housing Units in Longido District, Arusha-Tanzania
Authors: Mondi Benedicto , Massawe Paschal
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the maintenance culture and practices of government staff housing units in Longido District, focusing on the Namanga Border area. The study employs a descriptive research design, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative data gathered through structured questionnaires and interviews with government staff, maintenance personnel, and officials. Key findings revealed that most residents lack familiarity with maintenance policies, which limits their engagement in upkeep activities. Additionally, the majority perceive current maintenance protocols as ineffective, citing delayed responses and lack of preventive measures. Chronic underfunding further exacerbates these challenges, as budget allocations consistently fall short of requests, leaving essential repairs and proactive maintenance measures unaddressed. The study underscores the importance of a well-rounded maintenance framework that includes policy awareness, adequate funding, and effective procedural practices. Key recommendations include improving policy awareness, revising maintenance protocols to prioritize regular inspections and preventive measures, aligning budgets with actual needs, and incorporating resident feedback. By fostering a proactive maintenance culture, these measures aim to enhance living conditions for government staff and protect public investments in housing assets.
Challenges to Effective ICT Implementation in Primary Education Development Projects in Tanzania: A Case Study of Songea District
Authors: Shekaoneka Luis , Arthur Wainyaragania
Published: November 2024

The implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education is essential for improving learning outcomes and addressing educational inequalities, particularly in rural Tanzania. Despite various ICT initiatives in primary education, effective implementation remains challenging. This study examines factors hindering ICT implementation in Tanzania's primary education, with a focus on Songea District. Guided by objectives assessing ICT skills, infrastructure adequacy, and necessary implementation procedures, a case study design and mixed-methods approach were utilized. Data were collected from district education officers, teachers, and students across five primary schools using structured questionnaires and interviews. Analysis included descriptive statistics for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative insights. Findings revealed barriers such as inadequate ICT skills, limited infrastructure (computers, internet), and poorly defined ICT procedures. Recommendations include policy enhancements, training programs, infrastructure development, and clearer ICT guidelines to support effective ICT use in classrooms, promoting success in Tanzania's educational development projects.
The State of School Health Services of the School Health Programme in Nigeria: A Position Paper by the Paediatric Association of Nigeria (PAN) Sub-Committee on School Health Programme
Authors: Ughasoro Maduka D , Jiya Fatima B , Farouk Bashir M , Garba Maria A , Ibrahim Hafsat U , Oguche Stephen , Dedeke Iyabode O , Anyiam Jane O , Abonyi Emeka L , Ashubu Oluwakemi F , Onukwuli Vivian O , Ayuk Adaeze C , Tabansi Petronilla N , Ekure Ekanem N , Ogunrinde Olufemi G
Published: November 2024

This position paper summarises the current understanding of the School Health Services (SHS) component of the School Health Programme (SHP) in Nigeria in light of the results of the Nationwide Situation Analysis (SITAN) Survey conducted, existing literature exploration, and findings from the interactive sessions with relevant stakeholders on SHP. This article on SHS complements and is intended to integrate with parallel position papers on other components of the School Health Programme: Healthful school environment, School feeding services, School-based health education, and School home and community relationships in Nigeria. Challenges and solutions related to pre-entry medical screening, routine health screening/examinations, immunisation, school health records, sick bay, first aid and referral services were all reviewed. Gaps in our understanding of SHS in Nigeria and avenues for further research were also examined. Recommendations include a mandatory review of the National School Health Policy of 2006, training and retraining of staff and students on attitudinal change to become advocates for health in both the schools and communities, linkage of schools with healthcare providers, especially paediatricians and nurses, in a hub and spoke model; and development of precise performance -monitoring indicators for SHS. Gaps in our understanding of SHS in Nigeria and avenues for further research work were also highlighted.
Assessing the Impact of Spatial Planning on the Spread of COVID-19 within Kampala City
Authors: Nagula Brendah , Ssengendo Ronald , Okalebo Fredrick Omolo , Bamweyana Ivan
Published: November 2024

Spatial planning has previously had an impact on the dynamics of pandemics. However, its influence on the spread of COVID-19 has not been explored. This research therefore focused on assessing the impact of spatial planning on the spread of COVID-19 in Kampala City. The research was based on the confirmed COVID-19 cases registered between 21 March 2020 and 27 March 2021 and was conducted in conjunction with the spatial analytical methods of the Global Moran’s Index, Anselin’s Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) and the Geographically Weighted Regression model (GWR). Global Moran’s I and Anselin’s LISA were used to determine the spatial distribution of COVID-19 cases. The GWR was used to model the relationship between conformance to spatial planning and the spatial distribution of COVID-19 cases. Results attained through these methods showed a random distribution of cases, with LISA results indicating parishes located in the Central Division as major disease risk sites of COVID-19. Furthermore, results from the GWR revealed a negative relationship, with an R2 value of 0.51, between spatial planning and the spatial distribution of Covid-19. This means that variations in spatial planning initiatives could explain 51 per cent of the variations in COVID-19 cases in Kampala City. Therefore, to change Kampala into a pandemic-resilient city, there is a need to develop appropriate compact spatial planning designs, especially in the parishes of Nakasero 1, Nakasero 11, Nakasero III, and Kagugube.
Assessment of Spatial-temporal Lake Victoria Shoreline Variations using Synthetic Aperture Radar
Authors: Kayondo Lydia Mazzi , Ikoba Shafiyu , Bamweyana Ivan
Published: November 2024

In the context of their dynamic and linear character, shorelines feature as among the most important features on the earth’s surface. They change shape and position over multiple spatial and temporal scales, with their water levels serving as a key indicator to characterize the expansion or shrinkage of the water body in question. In the context of Lake Victoria, the central focus of this article, there has been an uncontrolled increase in its water levels which has ultimately contributed to variations in the lake shoreline. This variation has in turn led to unpredictable flooding along the shores of the lake, claiming human property. Therefore, environmental management authorities, such as NEMA, require accurate and up-to-date information about shoreline changes. The main objective of this study was to assess the spatial-temporal variations of the Lake Victoria shoreline in the Southern Buganda sub-region for the period 2015 - 2021, by employing microwave remote sensing. Sentinel 1 and Sentinel 2 imagery were used. The study also assessed the performance of HH and VH polarizations in shoreline delineation. Different image processing techniques such as thresholding and band math were used in both SNAP and ArcGIS software. Based on the DSAS evaluation statistics, VH polarization performed a better delineation of the shoreline than HH polarization. The study also found that the lake shoreline in the Southern Buganda sub-region was subject to entirely low erosion rates, ranging from 0.5m/yr to 2m/yr, as observed in the sub-counties of Buwunga, Kyanamukaaka, and Kabira. High erosion rates of above 5m/yr were observed in some areas in the Bukakata and Kyebe sub-counties. This study recommends that VH polarization be used. Further studies could integrate predictive analytics to attain future shoreline positions.
Herbal medicine safety awareness among Healthcare Professionals in Freetown Sierra Leone
Authors: Osborne Augustus , James Peter Bai , Bangura Camilla , Williams Samuel Maxwell Tom , Khanu Abraham , Lebbie Aiah
Published: November 2024

Background: There is a pressing need to incorporate herbal medicine preventaKve measures into the current pharmacovigilance system, as recent evidence from the World Health OrganizaKon (WHO) shows. However, medical professionals are generally unaware of the relaKve safety of herbal remedies. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the awareness of herbal safety among medical professionals in Sierra Leone.
Methodology: In this study, we used a cross-secKonal survey of medical staff (n=309) working at three of Freetown, Sierra Leone's, leading medical centers between March and April 2022. The data analysis was performed using StaKsKcal Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28. We employed descripKve staKsKcs to count instances of a category and assign a percentage. We used a backwards stepwise binary logisKcs regression to find significant associaKons between awareness and predictors at the 5% significance level (p0.05).
Results: Evidence from the study revealed that around 54.7% of respondents knew about herbal medicine safety. There is an associaKon between the knowledge about drug-herbal interacKon and the level of understanding, average observed risk (AOR) = 1.63; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00-2.66; however, no connecKon was found between years of experience and how well-knownherbal remedies are safe, and finally, no associaKon between the various departments and the level of understanding except for the outpaKent department [Adjusted Odds RaKo (AOR) = 0.49; 95% Confidence Interval (CI):0.25-0.95].
Conclusion: Our findings reveal that medical professionals' knowledge concerning the security of herbal medicine in Freetown, Sierra Leone is unsaKsfactory. Therefore, the regulatory bodies of the various healthcare cadre must promote standardised, coordinated educaKon for all medical personnel to establish an effecKve pharmacovigilance framework for tracking herbal medicaKon.
Knowledge, prevalence, and risk factors for self-reported sexually transmitted diseases among University Students in Sierra Leone
Authors: Osborne Augustus , James Peter Bai , Bangura Camilla , Williams Samuel Maxwell Tom , Wadsworth Richard , Lebbie Aiah
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a worldwide health concern. Students often engage in sexual acKvity while away at college, puVng themselves at risk for STDs, unintended pregnancies, and unsafe aborKons because of their lack of parental supervision. This research aimed to determine the prevalence of STDs and the variables that contribute to their spread among Sierra Leonean University students.
Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 340 Njala University  students selected using the multistage  sampling technique in August 2022. The data were  collected using a structured, pre-tested self-administered quesKonnaire. Multinomial  logistic regression analyses and Pearson chi-square were employed through SPSS version 26 to identify factors associated with sexually  transmitted infections. The odds raKo with a 95% confidence  interval was computed to determine the level of associaKon. In the  regression analysis, variables  with a p-value of less than 5% were considered statically significant associations between  covariates and  sexually transmitted infections. 
Result: The prevalence of a posiKve test for STIs among the sexually acKve respondents was found  to be  (33.6%). The knowledge of STIs among the respondents was very high (90.6%). All  respondents in the various age groups (16-20,  21-25, 26-30, 31-35, 36-40 and 41-450) were  likelier to have good knowledge of STIs with OR >1 and p < 0.05. 
Conclusion: Self-reported  STI infection rates among Sierra Leonean University students were  relatively high. Therefore, it is crucial to educate students about the  dangers of sexual promiscuity  and the need to continue using condoms.
Goat ownership pattern and effects of goat mortality on owners in Ghana
Authors: Adu-Bredu Febroina Afriyie , Asare Derrick Adu , Fiadjoe Ruth Auntie Afua , Dogbe Belinda , Opoku-Bamfoh Obadiah , Emikpe Benjamin Obukowho
Published: November 2024

A cross-sec?onal study was employed to obtain data on goat ownership and the effects of goat  mortality on some psychosocial and socio-economic determinants of goat owners in the Ashan? region of Ghana. Data was obtained using pretested ques?onnaires with a total of three hundred and eighty-four (384) goat owners randomly selected from the study area. Data collected included demographic informa?on on the respondents, management prac?ces, herd size, choice of the management system, sources of feed and stock, goat mortality as well as psychological and economic effects on goat owners. Results showed the majority of goat owners (83.3%) were males, and 77.1% were married. Most of the goat owners were between 18-25 years old (42.2%). Majority of the goat owners (63.3%) had primary-level educa?on. Majority of the respondents (89.1%) had herd sizes varying between 1 and 10. Management system was mostly semi-intensive (95.8%). Sources of feed for goats varied from purchased feed (8.9%) and a combina?on of crop residue which are ogen purchased (91.1%). Most (99.5%) obtained their stock through purchase while 60.9% indicated frequent loss of goats. Goat mortality was mostly ahributed to diseases by 67.5% of the goat owners. All of the goat owners indicated that goat mortality affects them economically whilst 95.57% indicated the death of their goats affects other people in their household. Despite the economic and social effects of the death of their goats, majority of the goat owners (95.57%) were not psychologically affected by the death of their goats. Conclusively, goat rearing in the Ashan? Region of Ghana is prac?ced by all age groups and gender, most of whom were literate. Management system was mostly semi-extensive due to its convenience in terms of labor and capital requirements. Goat mortality existed; however, the economic effects of goat mortality were strongly agreed upon by the goat owners as compared to the psychological effects.
Determinants of fertility in Sierra Leone: A logistic regression model approach
Authors: Samura Sallieu Kabay , Kamara Joseph A.L , Kamara Abdul A. , Kaikai Sallu Gerald
Published: November 2024

No Abstract
Factors associated with viral non-suppression among HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy in Sierra Leone, January 2018–June 2019
Authors: Abu Musu , Kamara K. , Elduma A. , Harding D. , Ikoona E. , Gebru G.
Published: November 2024

Despite the growing number of people on an/retroviral therapy (ART), there is limited informa/on about viral non-suppression and its determinants among HIV-posi/ve individuals enrolled in HIV care in many resource-limited seTngs. We es/mated the propor/on of virally non-suppressed pa/ents, and iden/fied the factors associated with viral non-suppression. We conducted a descrip/ve cross-sec/onal study using rou/nely collected program data from viral load (VL) samples collected across the country for tes/ng at the Central Public Health Reference Laboratories (CPHRL) in Sierra Leone. Data were generated between January 2018 and December 2019. We extracted data on socio-demographic, clinical and VL tes/ng results. We defined viral non-suppression as having ≥1000 copies of viral RNA/ml of blood for plasma or ≥5000 copies of viral RNA/ml of blood for dry blood spots. We used logis/c regression to iden/fy factors associated with viral non-suppression. This study consisted of 8,657 pa/ents, of whom 4224 (74%) were male, and 94.3% were older than 15 years old. Of the total, 7619 (88%) pa/ents rou/nely monitored, 659(8%) were suspected treatment failure and 379(4%) were repeat testers ager suspected failure. The propor/on of non-suppression was 22%, of which 876 (71%) were female. viral non-suppression propor/on was 26% for suspected treatment failures and 23% for pa/ents rou/nely monitored ager suspected failure (23%). Factors associated with viral non-suppression included pa/ent adhered to ARV treatment (aOR= 0.03, 95%CI = 0.23-0.36), aged <15 years (aOR = 0.22, 95%CI = 0.19-0.27) and young adolescents (aOR = 0.22 95%CI = 0.21-0.29), and pa/ents receiving second-line regimens (aOR= 0.1, 95%CI = 0.03-0.17).Viral non-suppression was rela/vely low among pa/ent on ART in Sierra Leone. ARV treatment adherence, being adult and pa/ent receiving first-line treatment were protec/ve factors against viral suppression. We recommend to close follow-up for children and to intensify adherence support for pa/ents suspected with treatment failure.
Unlocking the therapeutic treasures of seagrasses: Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Halophila stipulacea, Halodule uninervis, and Thalassodendron ciliatum
Authors: Surroop Bhuvaneshwaree , Nazurally Nadeem , Ramful-Baboolall Deena , Ruggoo Arvind
Published: November 2024

Seagrasses are essential to marine ecosystems and have been shown to possess pharmaceutical properties. This study evaluated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the seagrass species, Halophila stipulacea, Halodule uninervis, and Thalassodendron ciliatum from a Mauritian lagoon. Two essential steps in the extraction process were investigated: drying method (oven-drying and freeze-drying) and maceration solvent (methanol and acetone), using a factorial design. The highest total phenolic content (60.1 mg GAE/g) was observed in oven-dried acetonic T. ciliatum extracts. Antioxidant activity was assessed through DPPH and ABTS assays, where all extracts demonstrated significant activities (p < 0.05). Oven drying and acetonic extractions resulted in greater activities (highest DPPH activity of 69.3 % with T. ciliatum). Significant interactions (p < 0.05) were found between species, drying methods, and solvents. Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus were resistant to all extracts, while Staphylococcus aureus showed limited inhibition. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more susceptible to freeze-dried extracts (greatest MIC of >1.25 mg/ml for acetonic T. ciliatum). Candida albicans was most susceptible to freeze dried acetonic T. ciliatum extracts (24.7 ± 4.06 mm). Consequently, this study encourages further exploration and use of seagrasses, especially, T. ciliatum in the pharmaceutical industry.
The Theme of Poetry Recital in Concentration-Camp Literature: Shalamov, Semprún, and Other Witnesses
Authors: Toker Leona
Published: November 2024

A recurrent theme of narratives by concentration-camp survivors is reciting poetry. For intellectuals in the camps, reciting verses was an aid to survival, a loophole of mental freedom, available only when the prisoners were not being driven to depletion at “general works.” Poetry also facilitated genuine human contact, helped the prisoners inscribe themselves into specific historical and cultural traditions, and re-mediated the verses that belonged to those traditions. The latter function of poetry recital was operative not only during the imprisonment but also during the composition of the narratives after the liberation: the memoirists not only found meanings in the cultural traditions on which their sense of identity depended but also helped to maintain these traditions for their own sake.
Recent advances and challenges in brain tumor segmentation utilizing α-expansion graph cut
Authors: Soloh Roaa , Alabboud Hassan , Shahin Ahmad , Yassine Adnan , Chakik Abdallah El
Published: November 2024

This commentary summarizes our team's recent study, "Brain Tumor Segmentation Based on α-Expansion Graph Cut," by discussing the recent advances in deep learning integration, multimodality imaging, and real-time segmentation tools. It also highlights the strengths of the method in energy minimization and noise handling done throughout the study, while it addresses the challenges related to scalability, deep learning integration, and generalization. This brief overview provides insights into current advances and future directions in brain tumor segmentation.
Performance Management Of Clubs At 1st And 2nd League Of The Dısabled Basketball
Authors: Sezan Turan , Alemdar Uğur , Turan Serhat
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate the performance management of clubs in the 1st and 2nd League of the disabled basketball. The study group of the research consists of 107 volunteer athletes who are active in 11 clubs in the 1st and 2nd leagues of the disabled basketball for the 2023-2024 season. "Performance Management Scale" was used in the research. The personal information form of the research includes demographic characteristics such as sports age, league and athlete age. In the study, IBM SPSS 25 package program was used to analyze the data, and the results were evaluated at p
COMO AS JOANINHAS FORAM PARAR EM CIMA DESSA FLOR
Authors: Sausen Solange Lisiane , Cunha Jaqueline da
Published: November 2024

O presente artigo relata a experiência em projeto de pesquisa desenvolvido com turmas de educação infantil da rede municipal de ensino de Ijuí/RS. Tendo como objetivo geral a descrição do processo conduzido pela professora orientadora com crianças entre 4 e 5 anos de idade, a partir dos questionamentos levantados pelas crianças participantes, referentes ao objeto de pesquisa.
THE EVOLVING LANDSCAPE OF INDIA-JAPAN ECONOMIC RELATIONS: EXPLORING THE POSSIBILITIES AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Kumar Dr. Santosh
Published: November 2024

India and Japan have significantly strengthened their economic ties, driven by their robust strategic partnership and thriving trade. This paper, titled "The Evolving Landscape of IndiaJapan Economic Relations: Exploring the Possibilities and Challenges," aims to comprehensively analyse the economic relationship between India and Japan in the context of the evolving geopolitical and geo-economic landscape of the Asia-Pacific region, shaped by the assertive rise of China. In the 21st century, globalization has propelled the world forward, resulting in unparalleled interconnectedness among the economies of various nations. The growing economic bonds between India and Japan have been instrumental in shaping the nature of their relationship. This article will thoroughly assess the diverse factors that have defined the financial connections between India and Japan amidst the evolving dynamics of the Asia-Pacific. Furthermore, the paper examines the potential and obstacles in expanding India-Japan economic relations, closely scrutinizing the possibilities and challenges in trade, investment, infrastructure, and regional cooperation.
The Economic Impact of Successful Business People
Authors: Jaiswal Krishiv
Published: November 2024

This research aims to identify more specified key economic contributions of successful businesspeople in terms of gross domestic product, employment opportunities, and productive efficiencies in different sectors and territories. The notable figures include Jeff Bezos (Amazon), Elon Musk (Tesla), Mukesh Ambani (Reliance Industries), and Warren Buffet (Berkshire Hathaway) to identify the impact of their companies on the global economy and technologies. Such businessmen have contributed to the development of the contemporary economy by implementing new business models, driving the digital economy, and promoting innovative business solutions in industries like telecommunications, e-commerce, electric vehicles, clean energy, and finance. The research employs secondary research methodology and amasses data from various sources, such as company reports, economic journals, and other economic-related news. Using the approach of thematic analysis, the paper reveals the significant impact that these leaders make on national and global economies. The findings highlight the following: Amazon’s gross regional product contribution stood at $469.8 billion in 2021 to the United States economy. Reliance on industries produced $118.6 billion in India in 2023, while Tesla and Berkshire Hathaway added $96.8 billion and $276 billion to the U.S. economy, respectively. The study takes note of the fact that such business leaders have not only improved such economic benchmarks as GDP and employment but have also spearheaded technological change in the economy across various industries. Considering these observations, the study recommends the following strategies for preparing for the future economy: encouraging entrepreneurship, advancing technology, and training the workforce. In conclusion, successful business personalities have offered significant contributions to the modern economic development of nations and the global economy by catalyzing growth and innovation of industries and economies for the betterment of human society
IMPLEMENTATION OF IMPROVED GROUNDING SWITCH SYSTEM IN METAL-CLADED FACILITIES
Authors:   Elektrodistribucija Srbije doo Beograd Ogranak Sombor, Mijatović Vidoje , Đanić Dario ,   Elektrodistribucija Srbije doo Beograd Ogranak Sombor, Bajčetić Predrag ,   Elektrodistribucija Srbije doo Beograd Ogranak Sombor
Published: November 2024

In the area of the Sombor Branch, in 3 TS 110/20kV, an improved earthing switch system was installed. The improvement is reflected in the fact that we have added a fourth pole to the row with three poles of the earthing switch, between the poles and the ground. In this way, outages of the 20kV transformer field, which occur due to a fault on one of the poles of the earthing switch, are prevented. Namely, when a pole of the earth-fault switch fails, the earth fault current passes through the fourth pole, which is permanently switched on, for longer than the specified time. This current is detected by an additional current measuring transformer, and the protective device turns off the fourth pole with the corresponding signal about the failure of one of the 3 poles. The implementation of this solution was relatively simple because it was carried out in TSs that have an open-type medium voltage distribution, with cells wide enough to install an additional pole and other equipment. However, we wanted to implement this solution in TS 110/20 kV Sombor 1, whose 20 kV distribution was carried out in metal-clad cells. Due to the limited space and structural imitations dictated by this plant concept, we faced a number of problems. This paper presents our solution as well as the challenges we faced during its implementation.
OPTIMAL OVERHEAD LINE PARAMETER ESTIMATION USING SYNCHROPHASORS IN REAL-TIME
Authors:   University of Belgrade School of Electrical Engineering: Belgrade, RS, Todorović Miljana ,   Saturn Electric d.o.o. Beograd: Belgrade, RS, Stojanović Zoran ,   University of Belgrade School of Electrical Engineering: Belgrade, RS
Published: November 2024

The accurate determination of overhead line parameters is crucial for obtaining reliable results in various types of power system calculation, including transient stability analyses, power flow calculations, and short-circuit calculations. Additionally, it is essential for power system state estimation and for setting protective relays. With the increasing prevalence of synchrophasor technology, a more precise estimation of power line parameters has become possible compared to classical methods, which relied on factors such as tower configuration, conductor type, estimated conductor length, conductor sag, soil resistivity, and other variables. This paper introduces a method for real-time estimation of parameters for a transposed overhead line, which can be represented by an equivalent π-model. The estimation process utilizes the Weighted Least Squares (WLS) method based on three sets of synchronized phasor measurements taken at both ends of the line. The results are compared with values that would be obtained if no optimization method were applied, considering two scenarios. The first scenario considers the presence of measurement errors within the expected range, while the second scenario considers the presence of measurements with inaccurate measurement data.
APPLICATION OF LIDAR EQUIPPED UAVS FOR SURVES OF OVERHEAD LINES IN ELECTRIC DISTRIBUTION AND TRANSMISSION NETWORKS
Authors:   Livona d.o.o., Србија, Adžemović Ljubiša , Soskić Ivan ,   Livona d.o.o., Србија
Published: November 2024

The application of airborne lidar technology for surveying of overhead lines of electric distribution and transmission networks is not new and has been in operation for years. Typical applications are surveying of long corridors using standard airplanes or helicopters, which provides precise data for tens of kilometres of routes in a short period of time. However, the application of these systems for recording shorter sections, especially in urban areas or when monitoring construction of infrastructure projects, is often not possible, is economically unprofitable or is complicated in terms of obtaining adequate permits to fly over certain areas. Unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with lidar sensors have become smaller, more practical, economically available and can be used anywhere and anytime, all with satisfactory positional accuracy. From the moment of decision to the moment of launch and survey, a very short time passes, so drones with lidar can be used in regular maintenance of the network for quick and accurate surveys of specific field situations. This paper presents several examples of such surveys with special reference to field work procedures, including equipment preparation, flight planning, flight parameters and surveying, concluding with the display of results and interactive analysis in various software.
A RISK-BASED APPROACH FOR HOSTING CAPACITY IMPROVEMENT IN LOW VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical Sciences: Novi Sad, RS, Popović Željko , Kovački Neven ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical Sciences: Novi Sad, RS, Obrenić Marko ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical Sciences: Novi Sad, RS, Vidović Predrag ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical Sciences: Novi Sad, RS
Published: November 2024

Traditional electrical distribution networks are designed with the assumption of a unidirectional power flow, from a higher voltage level network to a lower voltage level network. When distributed generators (DG) are connected to the electrical distribution network, it becomes bidirectionally powered, and the aforementioned assumption no longer holds. DGs significantly influence, among other things, voltage conditions, power flows, and fault currents. The effects of DG on the network can be positive or negative, depending on the type, power, connection point in the network, and the production-consumption ratio at a given location. The paper analyzes the case when DG production exceeds the required consumption in the electrical distribution network, leading to power being fed back into the higher voltage level network, i.e., reversed power flow. A step-by-step calculation example is provided for a MV-feeder where a DG is connected (voltage value at the supply bus and at the DG connection point for a given generated power value), along with a review of foreign experiences on the subject.
CHALLENGES IN USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR DETECTING NON-TECHNICAL LOSSES
Authors:   Elektrodistribucija Srbije d.o.o. Beograd, Srbija, Kostić Miloš , Stefanović-Kostić Dejana ,   Agencija za Energetiku Republike Srbije, Beograd, Srbija
Published: November 2024

DSO Elektrodistribucija Srbije is exploring the use of artificial intelligence in the process of data analysis of consumer and meter data. The general methodology for choosing a specific artificial intelligence algorithm that will be used in the process of detection of non-technical losses out of total supplied electrical energy is shown. Concrete challenges that are being considered are presented in this paper, related to specifics of applying artificial intelligence on the available data. Recommendations for overcoming enumerated challenges should ensure better results in operative usage of artificial intelligence in Elektrodistribucija Srbije.
EVENT-BASED IDENTIFICATION OF PHASES AND OUTAGES IN LV NETWORKS WITH SMART METER DATA
Authors:   Elektro Ljubljana d.d., Slovenia, Davidović Danijel , Crnoja Dalibor ,   Elektro Ljubljana d.d., Slovenia, Davidov Sreten ,   Elektro Ljubljana d.d., Slovenia
Published: November 2024

DNO's are facing various challenges on the LV grid. Challenges result in more unpredictable variations of loads and voltage. To get remote monitoring over the LV grid DNOs need to enable digitalization of the LV network with implementation of smart meters. Smart meters are vital for the LV network since voltage, current, consumption, power to different alarms and additional functions can be used to monitor and control the LV feeders and users. Moreover, smart meters are still improving. Today they are capable to provide data near real-time. With such data DNO's can detect various events on the LV network like outages, overloads, phase imbalance, etc. Furthermore, with real-time smart meter communication, DNO's may ensure contingency and continuity of the processes. This paper will further present an event-based identification of phases and outages in L networks with smart meter data. The expected contributions of the paper are: iv) Linking the events on smart meter data with power-up, power-down to determine unique outage events for reporting. v) Possible phase identification of single-phase users using the power-up, power down information or phase outages events. vi) Using smart meter information from real-time alarming and find communication reliability in aggregating LV feeder outages.