bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychotherapy for co-occurring symptoms of depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wichers Robert H. , van der Wouw Lisa C. , Brouwer Marlies E. , Lok Anja , Bockting Claudi L. H.
Published: November 2022

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) struggle accessing psychotherapy services for comorbidities, including anxiety-, depressive- and obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD). Apart from cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for anxiety in children with ASD, it is unclear whether psychotherapy is effective for these comorbid disorders.

We therefore systematically reviewed any form of psychotherapy for co-occurring symptoms of anxiety, depression and OCD in individuals with ASD.

Database searches were conducted until February 2022 using EMBASE, PsycINFO and PubMed. Randomised controlled trials (RCT) were included investigating any form of psychotherapy for symptoms of anxiety, depression and OCD in individuals with ASD. Summary data were extracted, and random-effects meta-analyses were conducted.

For CBT 26 RCTs (n = 1251), and for social skills training (SST) 11 RCTs (n = 475) met criteria for inclusion. Pooled effect sizes indicated a moderate reduction of anxiety in children (g = −0.70) and a small reduction of depressive symptoms in adults (g = −0.39). For SST overall effect sizes were small for reduction of anxiety in children (g = −0.35) and adults (g = −0.34) and moderate for reduction of depressive symptoms in children (g = −0.50). Risk of bias was high in 18, moderate in 16 and low in 3 RCTs.

Our results provide new and age-specific evidence that: (1) CBT is effective for reducing anxiety in children and to a lesser extent for depressive symptoms in adults with ASD; and (2) social skills interventions are effective for reducing anxiety in children and adults and for depressive symptoms in children with ASD.
Two challenges for ‘no-norms’ theism
Authors: Reilly James
Published: November 2022

A number of theistic philosophers have recently denied that God is subject to moral and rational norms. At the same time, many theists employ epistemological and inductive arguments for the existence of God. I will argue that ‘no-norms’ theists cannot make use of such arguments: if God is not subject to norms – particularlyrationalnorms – then we can say nothing substantive about what kind of worlds God would be likely to create, and as such, we cannot predict the likelihood of any particular evidence given theism. What is more, I argue that this lack of constraint on God's creative act raises a serious sceptical challenge for no-norms theism.
‘There can be only one’: A response to Joseph C. Schmid
Authors: Gel Enric F.
Published: November 2022

Recently, in response to an article of mine, Joseph C. Schmid has argued that some traditional theistic arguments for God's unicity are problematic in that they presuppose a controversial principle and conflict with Trinitarian theology. In this article, I answer Schmid's concerns. I defend one of the original arguments while advancing new ones, and I vindicate my abductive argument for theism over naturalism.
Mapping the itineraries of semiotic artefacts in the linguistic landscape of protest: The case of shields in Venezuela
Authors: Velásquez Urribarrí Jessica
Published: November 2022

This study explores the emergence and developments through time of a semiotic artefact, the shield, used by demonstrators in violent anti-government protests in contemporary Venezuela. Drawing on the concept of discourse itineraries (Scollon 2008), the material and semiotic transformations this artefact underwent are mapped through various protest cycles, whilst considering the semiotic enrichment of century-long traditions of shields that inform the various functions they play within current day itineraries. The study concludes by discussing the advantages of using the concept of discourse itineraries for understanding moments in the life cycle of semiotic artefacts in the linguistic landscape and outlines future opportunities to expand the analysis of shields beyond the Venezuelan case. (Linguistic landscape of protest, discourse itineraries, semiotic artefact, shields, Venezuela)*
Symmetry actions and brackets for adjoint-symmetries. II: Physical examples
Authors: Anco Stephen C.
Published: November 2022

Symmetries and adjoint-symmetries are two fundamental (coordinate-free) structures of PDE systems. Recent work has developed several new algebraic aspects of adjoint-symmetries: three fundamental actions of symmetries on adjoint-symmetries; a Lie bracket on the set of adjoint-symmetries given by the range of a symmetry action; a generalised Noether (pre-symplectic) operator constructed from any non-variational adjoint-symmetry. These results are illustrated here by considering five examples of physically interesting nonlinear PDE systems – nonlinear reaction-diffusion equations, Navier-Stokes equations for compressible viscous fluid flow, surface-gravity water wave equations, coupled solitary wave equations and a nonlinear acoustic equation.
As if that wasn't enough: Englishas ifclauses as multimodal utterance constructions
Authors: LEHMANN CLAUDIA
Published: November 2022

The following article reports on a multimodal corpus study of Englishas ifconstructions. The results of this study suggest that formulaic and insubordinateas ifconstructions are prosodically chunked as clauses, with formulaicas ifconstructions uttered with significantly higher pitch and insubordinateas ifconstructions with lower pitch when being compared with subordinate uses. In addition, insubordinateas ifclauses are occasionally accompanied by frowns. It is argued that, although both constructions convey an ironic interpretation, multimodal markers of irony play only a minor role in explaining the findings. Instead, it is argued that the non-verbal features are construction-specific and can reasonably be explained as cross-modal collostructions. As such, the present article provides a description of the non-verbal features accompanying Englishas ifclauses and provides a theoretical explanation. In doing so, some modest evidence for a multimodal Utterance Construction Grammar is also presented.
School food programmes in the Pacific Islands: exploring opportunities and challenges for creating healthier school food environments
Authors: Burkhart Sarah , Hayman Ann , Lam Fiasili , Jones Breanna , Horsey Bridget , Craven Dana , Underhill Steven
Published: November 2022

Objective:

The school setting can provide an environment that supports healthy behaviours, including the provision of food. School food activities, that is, school feeding, are commonplace globally, but not well understood in the Pacific Islands region. The aim of this research is to explore learnings associated within existing school food programmes (SFP), and adoption resistors in those Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICT) without SFP, with the intent of improving current and future SFP interventions.

Design:

This observational cross-sectional study utilised four facilitated workshop sessions to explore SFP within an existing framework.

Setting:

Pacific Islands region.

Participants:

Fourteen participants representing the education and health sectors from eleven PICT, and two participants representing regional organisations.

Results:

Most countries reported some form of related policy, but key critical constraints to the use of SFP included local food environments, strategic alignment to organisational priorities, advocacy and organisational leadership, and community and cultural connections and collaboration. There are opportunities for integration of SFP into existing frameworks (i.e. Health Promoting Schools), increased collaboration, greater professional development and awareness activities, improved monitoring and evaluation, improved awareness of SFP and promotion of healthy eating for the wider school community.

Conclusions:

Given the current health, social and economic challenges faced by countries and territories in the Pacific Islands region, SFP should be considered as an opportunity for food provision and associated nutrition education for students and their wider community. Further research is needed to understand the critical constraints of SFP in this region and how to support stakeholders to advocate for, develop and sustain SFP that are contextually and culturally appropriate.
When a birth cohort grows up: challenges and opportunities in longitudinal developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) research
Authors: Oken Emily , Bastain Theresa M. , Bornkamp Nicole , Breton Carrie V. , Fry Rebecca C. , Gold Diane R. , Hivert Marie-France , Howland Steve , Jackson Daniel J. , Johnson Christine C. , Jones Kyra , Killingbeck MollyAn , O’Shea T. Michael , Ortega Marleny , Ownby Dennis , Perera Frederica , Rollins Julie V. , Herbstman Julie B.
Published: November 2022

High-quality evidence from prospective longitudinal studies in humans is essential to testing hypotheses related to the developmental origins of health and disease. In this paper, the authors draw upon their own experiences leading birth cohorts with longitudinal follow-up into adulthood to describe specific challenges and lessons learned. Challenges are substantial and grow over time. Long-term funding is essential for study operations and critical to retaining study staff, who develop relationships with participants and hold important institutional knowledge and technical skill sets. To maintain contact, we recommend that cohorts apply multiple strategies for tracking and obtain as much high-quality contact information as possible before the child’s 18th birthday. To maximize engagement, we suggest that cohorts offer flexibility in visit timing, length, location, frequency, and type. Data collection may entail multiple modalities, even at a single collection timepoint, including measures that are self-reported, research-measured, and administrative with a mix of remote and in-person collection. Many topics highly relevant for adolescent and young adult health and well-being are considered to be private in nature, and their assessment requires sensitivity. To motivate ongoing participation, cohorts must work to understand participant barriers and motivators, share scientific findings, and provide appropriate compensation for participation. It is essential for cohorts to strive for broad representation including individuals from higher risk populations, not only among the participants but also the staff. Successful longitudinal follow-up of a study population ultimately requires flexibility, adaptability, appropriate incentives, and opportunities for feedback from participants.
Myocardial perfusion and function dichotomy in growth restricted preterm infants
Authors: Sehgal Arvind , Allison Beth J. , Miller Suzanne L. , Polglase Graeme R.
Published: November 2022

Compared to preterm appropriate for gestational age (AGA) fetuses, fetuses with fetal growth restriction (FGR) have earlier visualisation of coronary artery blood flow (CABF) but impaired cardiac function. This dichotomy remains uncharacterised during postnatal life. This study compared CABF and cardiac function in preterm FGR infants, against AGA infants during the postnatal period. FGR was defined as birthweight < 10thcentile for gestation and sex with absent/reversed antenatal umbilical artery Doppler. Diastolic CABF was measured in the left anterior descending coronary artery. Twenty-eight FGR infants were compared with 26 AGA infants (gestation and birthweight, 29.7 ± 1.3 vs 29.9 ± 1 weeks,P= 0.6 and 918 ± 174 vs 1398 ± 263g,P< 0.001, respectively). Echocardiography was performed in the second week of life. FGR infants had higher CABF (velocity time integral, 2.4 ± 0.9 vs 1.6 ± 0.8 cm,P= 0.002). Diastolic function was impaired (↑ trans-mitral E/A ratio in FGR infants; 0.84 ± 0.05 vs 0.79 ± 0.03,P= 0.0002) while the systolic function was also affected (mean velocity of circumferential fibre shortening [mVCFc], 1.9 ± 0.3 vs 2.7 ± 0.5 circ/s,P< 0.001). Indexing CABF to cardiac function noted significant differences between the groups (CABF: E/A [FGR vs AGA], 2.9 ± 1.1 vs 2.1 ± 1,P= 0.01 and CABF: mVCFc [FGR vs AGA], 1.3 ± 0.5 vs 0.6 ± 0.3,P< 0.001). Diastolic blood pressure (BP) was significantly higher, and CABF to diastolic BP ratio trended higher in FGR infants (30 ± 2 vs 25 ± 3 mmHg,P< 0.001 and 0.08 ± 0.03 vs 0.06 ± 0.03,P= 0.059, respectively). Greater CABF in FGR infants did not translate into better cardiac function. This dichotomy may be a persistent response to fetal hypoxaemia (fetal programming) and/or reflection of altered cardiac architecture.
Evaluating Policy Mood Measures in the American States
Authors: Harden Jeffrey J. , Pacheco Julianna , Wright Gerald C.
Published: November 2022

The scholarly exchange over approaches to measuring public preferences in the American states dates back several years. This introduction to the debate attempts to provide broad perspective on how scholars have conceptualized and measured policy mood among state mass publics in the past and the implications of those choices for theoretical and empirical questions in state politics. We frame the discussion around two questions: (1) what is the concept to be measured? and (2) how does the concept fit with the research question? We conclude with some insight on the future of the debate and its implications for state politics research.
FarGen: Elucidating the distribution of coding variants in the isolated population of the Faroe Islands
Authors: Mortensen Ólavur , Thomsen Elisabet , Lydersen Leivur N. , Apol Katrin D. , Weihe Pál , Steig Bjarni á , Andorsdóttir Guðrið , Als Thomas D. , Gregersen Noomi O.
Published: November 2022

Here we present results from FarGen Phase I exomes. This dataset is based on the FarGen cohort, which consists of 1,541 individuals from the isolated population of the Faroe Islands. The purpose of this cohort is to serve as a reference catalog of coding variants, and to conduct population genetic studies to better understand the genetic contribution to various diseases in the Faroese population. The first whole-exome data set comprise 465 individuals and a total of 148,267 genetic variants were discovered. Principle Component Analysis indicates that the population is isolated and weakly structured. The distribution of variants in various functional classes was compared with populations in the gnomAD dataset; the results indicated that the proportions were consistent across the cohorts, but probably due to a small sample size, the FarGen dataset contained relatively few rare variants. We identified 19 variants that are classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic in ClinVar; several of these variants are associated with monogenetic diseases with increased prevalence in the Faroe Islands. The results support previous studies, which indicate that the Faroe Islands is an isolated and weakly structured population. Future studies may elucidate the significance of the 19 pathogenic variants that were identified. The FarGen Phase I dataset is an important step for genetic research in the Faroese population, and the next phase of FarGen will increase the sample size and broaden the scope.
A theory-driven synthesis of symmetric and unsymmetric 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane analogues via radical difunctionalization of ethylene
Authors: Takano Hideaki , Katsuyama Hitomi , Hayashi Hiroki , Kanna Wataru , Harabuchi Yu , Maeda Satoshi , Mita Tsuyoshi
Published: November 2022

1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (DPPE) and its synthetic analogues are important structural motifs in organic synthesis, particularly as diphosphine ligands with a C2-alkyl-linker chain. Since DPPE is known to bind to many metal centers in a bidentate fashion to stabilize the corresponding metal complex via the chelation effect originating from its entropic advantage over monodentate ligands, it is often used in transition-metal-catalyzed transformations. Symmetric DPPE derivatives (Ar12P−CH2−CH2−PAr12) are well-known and readily prepared, but electronically and sterically unsymmetric DPPE (Ar12P−CH2−CH2−PAr22; Ar1≠Ar2) ligands have been less explored, mostly due to the difficulties associated with their preparation. Here we report a synthetic method for both symmetric and unsymmetric DPPEs via radical difunctionalization of ethylene, a fundamental C2 unit, with two phosphine-centered radicals, which is guided by the computational analysis with the artificial force induced reaction (AFIR) method, a quantum chemical calculation-based automated reaction path search tool. The obtained unsymmetric DPPE ligands can coordinate to several transition-metal salts to form the corresponding complexes, one of which exhibits distinctly different characteristics than the corresponding symmetric DPPE–metal complex.
Developing a new sepsis screening tool based on lymphocyte count, international normalized ratio and procalcitonin (LIP score)
Authors: Liu Bin , Du Huimin , Zhang Jing , Jiang Jie , Zhang Xin , He Faming , Niu Bailin
Published: November 2022

Exploring an effective sepsis screening tool that can be widely implemented is important for improving the prognosis of sepsis worldwide. This study aimed to develop a new simple screening tool for sepsis (LIP scoring system) that includes the peripheral blood lymphocyte count, international normalized ratio, and procalcitonin level. In a single-center, prospective, observational study, 444 acute sepsis inpatients and 444 nonsepsis inpatients were ultimately included based on the Sepsis-3 and exclusion criteria. The differences in the Lym, INR, PCT level and other clinical biomarkers were compared between the two groups. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic analysis were used to establish a LIP screening tool for sepsis with a combination of biomarkers. The Kappa and McNemar tests were used to evaluate the differences between the LIP screening results (LIP score ≥ 3) and Sepsis-3 criteria (SOFA score ≥ 2). Logistic regression analysis showed that the lymphocyte count, INR, PCT level, platelets, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and prothrombin time (PT) were independent risk factors for the development of sepsis. The ROC analysis showed that the lymphocyte count, INR, and PCT level had high area under the ROC curve values (AUROC (95% CI): Lym 0.84 (0.810–0.860), INR 0.921 (0.902–0.938), PCT level 0.928 (0.909–0.944)). The LIP tool had satisfactory screening efficacy for sepsis (sensitivity, 92.8%; specificity, 94.1%), and a LIP score equal to or greater than 3 points had good agreement with Sepsis-3 criteria in the diagnosis of sepsis (Kappa = 0862 in the Kappa test and P = 0.512 in the McNemar test). The LIP tool has satisfactory sensitivity and specificity for sepsis screening, and it can be used for rapid screening of patients with sepsis in outpatient and emergency departments or in economically underdeveloped areas with limited resources.
A calcitonin receptor-expressing subregion of the medial preoptic area is involved in alloparental tolerance in common marmosets
Authors: Shinozuka Kazutaka , Yano-Nashimoto Saori , Yoshihara Chihiro , Tokita Kenichi , Kurachi Takuma , Matsui Ryosuke , Watanabe Dai , Inoue Ken-ichi , Takada Masahiko , Moriya-Ito Keiko , Tokuno Hironobu , Numan Michael , Saito Atsuko , Kuroda Kumi O.
Published: November 2022

Like humans, common marmoset monkeys utilize family cooperation for infant care, but the neural mechanisms underlying primate parental behaviors remain largely unknown. We investigated infant care behaviors of captive marmosets in family settings and caregiver-infant dyadic situations. Marmoset caregivers exhibited individual variations in parenting styles, comprised of sensitivity and tolerance toward infants, consistently across infants, social contexts and multiple births. Seeking the neural basis of these parenting styles, we demonstrated that the calcitonin receptor-expressing neurons in the marmoset medial preoptic area (MPOA) were transcriptionally activated during infant care, as in laboratory mice. Further, site-specific neurotoxic lesions of this MPOA subregion, termed the cMPOA, significantly reduced alloparental tolerance and total infant carrying, while sparing general health and other social or nonsocial behaviors. These results suggest that the molecularly-defined neural site cMPOA is responsible for mammalian parenting, thus provide an invaluable model to study the neural basis of parenting styles in primates.
Differential integrated stress response and asparagine production drive symbiosis and therapy resistance of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Halbrook Christopher J. , Thurston Galloway , Boyer Seth , Anaraki Cecily , Jiménez Jennifer A. , McCarthy Amy , Steele Nina G. , Kerk Samuel A. , Hong Hanna S. , Lin Lin , Law Fiona V. , Felton Catherine , Scipioni Lorenzo , Sajjakulnukit Peter , Andren Anthony , Beutel Alica K. , Singh Rima , Nelson Barbara S. , Van Den Bergh Fran , Krall Abigail S. , Mullen Peter J. , Zhang Li , Batra Sandeep , Morton Jennifer P. , Stanger Ben Z. , Christofk Heather R. , Digman Michelle A. , Beard Daniel A. , Viale Andrea , Zhang Ji , Crawford Howard C. , Pasca di Magliano Marina , Jorgensen Claus , Lyssiotis Costas A.
Published: November 2022

The pancreatic tumor microenvironment drives deregulated nutrient availability. Accordingly, pancreatic cancer cells require metabolic adaptations to survive and proliferate. Pancreatic cancer subtypes have been characterized by transcriptional and functional differences, with subtypes reported to exist within the same tumor. However, it remains unclear if this diversity extends to metabolic programming. Here, using metabolomic profiling and functional interrogation of metabolic dependencies, we identify two distinct metabolic subclasses among neoplastic populations within individual human and mouse tumors. Furthermore, these populations are poised for metabolic cross-talk, and in examining this, we find an unexpected role for asparagine supporting proliferation during limited respiration. Constitutive GCN2 activation permits ATF4 signaling in one subtype, driving excess asparagine production. Asparagine release provides resistance during impaired respiration, enabling symbiosis. Functionally, availability of exogenous asparagine during limited respiration indirectly supports maintenance of aspartate pools, a rate-limiting biosynthetic precursor. Conversely, depletion of extracellular asparagine with PEG–asparaginase sensitizes tumors to mitochondrial targeting with phenformin.
A novel metal–organic framework of Co-hemin for portable and visual colorimetric detection of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Authors: Yi Jintao , Han Xianqin , Zhu Qi , Wu Lingli , Wang Youtan , Xue Jun , Lai Xiaoqi , Zhou Hui
Published: November 2022

On-site quantitative analysis of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is of significant importance for addressing increasing concerns about public health and environmental quality.
Design and construction of competitive, noncompetitive and uncompetitive nano inhibitors of enzymes
Authors: Chen Wen-Qi , Yu Ying-Qi , Cao Ling , Yin Miao-Miao , Liu Yi , Jiang Feng-Lei
Published: November 2022

Three basic types of reversible inhibitors were successfully designed and constructed, including the first reported uncompetitive nano inhibitor.
Physical and numerical aspects of sodium ion solvation free energies via the cluster-continuum model
Authors: Otlyotov Arseniy A. , Itkis Daniil , Yashina Lada V. , Cavallo Luigi , Minenkov Yury
Published: November 2022

Na+ solvation free energies are obtained in 8 solvents through the cluster-continuum approach. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the predicted and experimental data is 0.82, and the mean signed/unsigned errors are 0.3/1.4 kcal mol−1.
Optimization of potential non-covalent inhibitors for the SARS-CoV-2 main protease inspected by a descriptor of the subpocket occupancy
Authors: Sun Yujia , Zhao Bodi , Wang Yuqi , Chen Zitong , Zhang Huaiyu , Qu Lingbo , Zhao Yuan , Song Jinshuai
Published: November 2022

Slight modifications to existing compounds lead to significant energy gains and occupation of the S4 subpocket. The novel compound L1 may show excellent inhibitory potential.
Indium arsenide quantum dots: an alternative to lead-based infrared emitting nanomaterials
Authors: Bahmani Jalali Houman , De Trizio Luca , Manna Liberato , Di Stasio Francesco
Published: November 2022

Colloidal indium arsenide quantum dots are promising RoHS-compliant building blocks for near infrared photonic, optoelectronic and biomedical applications.
High-efficiency organic solar cells processed from a real green solvent
Authors: Pang Shuting , Chen Zhili , Li Junyu , Chen Yuting , Liu Zhitian , Wu Hongbin , Duan Chunhui , Huang Fei , Cao Yong
Published: November 2022

High-efficiency organic solar cells processed from anisole, a real green and eco-compatible solvent recommended by the United Nations, are achieved by introducing the polar B–N covalent bond into the conjugated backbone of the polymer donor.
Efficient and selective adsorption of Au(iii), Pt(iv), and Pd(ii) by a radiation-crosslinked poly(ionic liquid) gel
Authors: Hao Fulai , Miao Xinying , Zhang Manman , Dong Zhen , Zhai Maolin , Shen Yanbai , Zu Jianhua , Yang Jun , Zhao Long
Published: November 2022

A PIL gel was prepared for Au(iii), Pt(iv), and Pd(ii) recovery. The PIL gel exhibited fast adsorption rates and excellent selectivity for target ions. Furthermore, the gel could efficiently separate Au(iii) from gold slag leaching solution.
Impact of indirect transitions on valley polarization in WS2 and WSe2
Authors: Godiksen Rasmus H. , Wang Shaojun , Raziman T. V. , Rivas Jaime Gómez , Curto Alberto G.
Published: November 2022

Valley polarization is a new resource for optoelectronics and information technologies. This article demonstrates the critical role of indirect transitions in protecting valley polarization in few-layer WS2 and WSe2.
Structure and assembly of a hexanuclear AuNi bimetallic nanocluster
Authors: Tao Cheng-Bo , Fan Ji-Qiang , Fei Wenwen , Zhao Yan , Li Man-Bo
Published: November 2022

An Au4Ni2nanocluster containing a square-planar [PPh2–Au–S–Au]2ring and two nickel-pincer arms was found to be assembled by noncovalent interactions. The assembly-dependent properties that are distinct from the octahedral M6clusters were shown.
Surface supramolecular assemblies tailored by chemical/physical and synergistic stimuli: a scanning tunneling microscopy study
Authors: Sahare Sanjay , Ghoderao Prachi , Chan Yue , Lee Shern-Long
Published: November 2022

Supramolecular self-assemblies formed by various non-covalent interactions can produce diverse functional networks on solid surfaces. These have recently attracted much interest from both fundamental and application points of view.
Silica nanoparticle remodeling under mild conditions: versatile one step conversion of mesoporous to hollow nanoparticles with simultaneous payload loading
Authors: Shaffer Cassandra C. , Zhai Canjia , Chasteen Jordan L. , Orlova Tatyana , Zhukovskyi Maksym , Smith Bradley D.
Published: November 2022

Applying mild heat to a binary mixture of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (SNPs) plus organic polyammonium additive (dye or drug) cleanly produces hollow nanoparticles with the additive in the remodeled silica shell.
Dual-gate manipulation of a HfZrOx-based MoS2 field-effect transistor towards enhanced neural network applications
Authors: Liu Yilun , Li Qingxuan , Zhu Hao , Ji Li , Sun Qingqing , Zhang David Wei , Chen Lin
Published: November 2022

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have learning and computing capabilities, and alleviate the problem of high power consumption of traditional von Neumann architectures, providing a basis for advanced image recognition and low-power detection.
Gas-assisted blade-coating of organic semiconductors: molecular assembly, device fabrication and complex thin-film structuring
Authors: Mejri Hadhemi , Haidisch Anika , Krebsbach Peter , Seiberlich Mervin , Hernandez-Sosa Gerardo , Perevedentsev Aleksandr
Published: November 2022

Incorporating gas-assisted drying with laboratory-scale blade-coating of organic semiconductors yields full performance parity with spin-coated devices and enables simultaneous spatial patterning of active layer microstructure.
Intermolecular noncovalent interactions with carbon in solution
Authors: Dutta Juhi , Routray Chinmay , Pandey Shalini , Biswal Himansu S.
Published: November 2022

NMR spectroscopy combined with MD simulation and electronic structure calculations enabled us to quantify the energetics of the intermolecular n → π* interaction and carbon-bonding (n → σ* interaction) in solution.
Three-component carboformylation: α-quaternary aldehyde synthesis via Co(iii)-catalysed sequential C–H bond addition to dienes and acetic formic anhydride
Authors: Tassone Joseph P. , Yeo Jihyeon , Ellman Jonathan A.
Published: November 2022

Co(iii)-catalysed sequential C–H bond addition to dienes and acetic formic anhydride results in a rare example of intermolecular carboformylation, generating versatile α-quaternary aldehyde products that are inaccessible via hydroformylation methods.
Layer-by-layer anodes with an orientation-arranged structure induced by magnetic field for high-performance lithium ion batteries
Authors: Xu Qing Mei , Sheng Zhao Min , Huang Huan , Chang Cheng Kang , Huang Yan Shan , Han Sheng
Published: November 2022

Fe3O4/carbon fibers (CFs) in a novel layer-by-layer (LBL) alignment as anodes for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) were successfully prepared through the assistance of a magnetic field.
Initial analysis of the impact of the Ukrainian power grid synchronization with Continental Europe
Authors: Böttcher Philipp C. , Rydin Gorjão Leonardo , Beck Christian , Jumar Richard , Maass Heiko , Hagenmeyer Veit , Witthaut Dirk , Schäfer Benjamin
Published: November 2022

Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the Ukrainian power grid was synchronized to the Continential Euopean grid. We show how power flows changed, while frequency statistics remained almost unchanged.
Translational cognitive systems: focus on attention
Authors: Roberts Benjamin Z. , Young Jared W.
Published: November 2022

Cognitive dysfunction, particularly attentional impairment, is a core feature of many psychiatric disorders, yet is inadequately addressed by current treatments. Development of targeted therapeutics for the remediation of attentional deficits requires knowledge of underlying neurocircuit, cellular, and molecular mechanisms that cannot be directly assayed in the clinic. This level of detail can only be acquired by testing animals in cross-species translatable attentional paradigms, in combination with preclinical neuroscience techniques. The 5-choice continuous performance test (5C-CPT) and rodent continuous performance test (rCPT) represent the current state of the art of preclinical assessment of the most commonly studied subtype of attention: sustained attention, or vigilance. These tasks present animals with continuous streams of target stimuli to which they must respond (attention), in addition to non-target stimuli from which they must withhold responses (behavioral inhibition). The 5C-CPT and rCPT utilize the same measures as gold-standard clinical continuous performance tests and predict clinical efficacy of known pro-attentional drugs. They also engage common brain regions across species, although efforts to definitively establish neurophysiological construct validity are ongoing. The validity of these tasks as translational vigilance assessments enables their use in characterizing the neuropathology underlying attentional deficits of animal models of psychiatric disease, and in determining therapeutic potential of drugs ahead of clinical testing. Here, we briefly review the development and validation of such tests of attentional functioning, as well as the data they have generated pertaining to inattention, disinhibition, and impulsivity in psychiatric disorders.
Native American Caregiver–Child Shared Book Reading Interactions: A Descriptive Study and Integrative Review
Authors: Guiberson Mark , Ferris Kyliah Petrita
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

This study included two parts: a descriptive study followed by an integrative review. The purpose of the study was to converge finding from the descriptive study and summarize relevant findings from existent literature to identify potential culturally responsive early language and literacy intervention strategies for Native American caregivers and their children.

Method:

This study included a nonexperimental descriptive design and integrative review. The descriptive study analyzed the language behaviors and shared book interactions of Native American caregivers with their young children (
N =
21) and included results from a caregiver teaching questionnaire. The integrative review evaluated relevant literature and identified strategies that were described in these sources. These findings were combined with the descriptive study findings to identify promising culturally consistent language and literacy strategies.

Results:

Caregivers' shared book behaviors were associated with caregivers' vocabulary usage and children's shared book behaviors. Caregivers reported a number of language and teaching strategies they frequently employed; this information was integrated with other sources to identify promising approaches. A total of 20 potential strategies were identified.

Conclusions:

The purpose of this study was to describe potential early language and literacy strategies for Native American families. It would be impossible to develop early language interventions to meet the needs of all Native American families and children; thus, this study is a preliminary step in identifying strategies that may be culturally responsive for some families. The integrative review supported the use of shared book reading with young Native American children. Promising language and early literacy strategies included play-based strategies, teaching new words, questioning strategies, using descriptive language, and other language and interaction enhancements. The effectiveness of these strategies should be further evaluated in future research or treatment studies.
Analysis on the angular jamming effects of electronically controlled corner reflectors towing after a maneuver aircraft
Authors: Gan Lin , Wu Zehao , Wang Xuesong , Li Jianbing
Published: November 2022

In this letter, the angular jamming effect of electronically controlled corner reflectors after a maneuver aircraft is analyzed. Motion characteristics of the corner reflectors towed by a high‐speed aircraft are calculated through the Lagrange theory, and the angle measurement error of the jamming method for the monopulse angle measurement algorithm is analyzed based on the motion states and the electromagnetic states (scattering or penetration) of the corner reflectors. Results show that the automatic tracking process of a monopulse radar seeker can be effectively interfered by this method under complex maneuver motion.
Measurement and analysis of impulse grounding impedance of tower grounding device subjected to artificial lightning M‐component
Authors: Zhang Yi , Cai Hansheng , Qi Ruihan , Hu Taishan , Jia Lei , Liu Gang , Wu Yongcong , Hu Shangmao
Published: November 2022

The impulse grounding impedance of tower grounding device is one of the important factors in the lightning protection evaluation of transmission line. The impulse characteristic test of the actual tower grounding device under lightning was rarely carried out due to the limitation of the test conditions. With the help of Guangzhou Field Experiment Site for Lightning Research and Testing, the artificial lightning characteristic test of the true tower grounding device was carried out. This paper presented partial observation experimental results and related analysis of the impulse grounding impedance of tower grounding device subjected to artificial lightning M‐component. A calculation model of the tower grounding device subjected to lightning M‐component was established. The changes of the surface soil resistivity under the action of rainwater were taken into account in the calculation. The test data and calculation results of the tower grounding device under the impact of the artificial lightning M‐component had achieved good agreement. The non‐linear ionization of the soil around the tower grounding device can be ignored, and the real impulse grounding impedance was very close to the DC grounding resistance or power frequency grounding impedance, when the tower grounding device in the experiment was subjected to lightning current M‐component.
Effects of volume and surface conductivity on the surface charge and electric field characteristics of the tri‐post insulator in SF6‐filled ± 500 kV DC‐GIL
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Zhang Guangkuo , Cao Chen , Shi Yan , Li Jie , Chang Wenzhi
Published: November 2022

Herein, the surface charge characteristics of a tri‐post insulator in a ± 500 kV direct current gas‐insulated transmission lines (DC‐GIL) filled with SF6 are thoroughly studied. The influences of volume and surface conductivity of the insulator on the surface charge and consequent electric field distribution are discussed. An improved method is introduced to obtain the distribution of surface charge with considerable accuracy and efficiency for the calculation. It is found that with increasing the volume conductivity, the dominative conduction mechanism changes from surface conduction to bulk conduction, while the inverse variation appears with increasing the surface conductivity. During the variation of electric conductivity, obvious effect of surface charge accumulation is found on the electric field distribution involving the variation of peak electric field strength and its location. Besides, high charge density usually appears along with low peak field strength during this variation. It can be concluded that the surface charge accumulation should be paid special attention when analysing the insulation characteristics of tri‐post insulators. The variation of volume and surface electric conductivity should be thoroughly considered.
Recent approach of wild horse optimizer for identifying the optimal parameters of high efficiency triple‐junction solar system
Authors: Fathy Ahmed , Rezk Hegazy , Yousri Dalia , Alhelou Hassan Haes
Published: November 2022

This paper proposes a new methodology incorporated recent metaheuristic approach named wild horse optimizer (WHO) to construct the equivalent circuit of triple‐junction solar (TJS) panel. The proposed WHO is employed to identify the optimal parameters of the constructed circuit with the aid of experimental data, the target is minimizing the integral time absolute error (ITAE) between the measured and estimated currents. Two systems are analyzed, the first one is TJS panel operated at different irradiances while the second one is array comprising three panels connected in series, three shade patterns are investigated on the array. The proposed WHO is compared to other approaches of enhanced moth search algorithm (EMSA), sparrow search algorithm (SSA), dingo optimization algorithm (DOA), equilibrium optimizer (EO), chimp optimizer (CO), manta‐ray foraging optimizer (MRFO), and Harris Hawks optimizer (HHO). Moreover, statistical tests of Wilcoxon sign rank, Friedman, multiple comparison test, and ANOVA table are performed. Furthermore, root mean square error (RMSE), relative error (RE), and approach efficiency are calculated. The proposed WHO succeeded in extracting maximum power (MP) of 570.7943 W from the constructed model operated at normal conditions with an efficiency of 99.93%. During operation at shadow, the proposed approach outperformed the others achieving the best fitness values of 0.0049, 0.0125, and 0.064471 A for all studied shade patterns. The results confirmed the robustness and competence of the proposed WHO in constructing reliable equivalent circuit of the TJS panel.
Layman’s guide to low frequency noise measurements
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: November 2022

Providing theoretical and practical guidelines for researchers of any background to set up a low frequency noise measurement system.
3D bioprinted in vitro secondary hyperoxaluria model by mimicking intestinal-oxalate-malabsorption-related kidney stone disease
Authors: Yoon Jungbin , Singh Narendra K. , Jang Jinah , Cho Dong-Woo
Published: November 2022

Secondary hyperoxaluria (SH) is a multifactorial disorder that extends from inflamed intestinal epithelium with oxalate malabsorption to kidney stone disease; its prevalence is increasing annually. Studying complex SH has been a considerable challenge because of the lack of an in vitro multiorgan model that describes dynamic pathophysiological interactions between the native intestinal epithelium and proximal tubule (PT). An in vitro multiorgan model is developed using a multi-biofabrication technique to address this challenge; this developed microfluidic in vitro multiorgan model demonstrates the enhanced functional interconnection between the intestinal epithelium and a vascularized PT by printing compartmentalized two organs close together. This spatially organized multiorgan model with enhanced fluidic connectivity provides a tool for recapitulating the critical pathophysiological features of SH, which includes intestinal barrier disruption, calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystallization, and crystal-induced PT injuries. The biophysical properties (e.g., glucose reabsorption and tubular fluid flow behavior-dependent CaOx crystal formation) of an in vitro SH model are thoroughly analyzed by comparison with the pathophysiology of human PT. Further, the efficiency of the in vitro 3D model as a drug testing platform is validated by assessing CaOx crystal dissolution on perfusing the device with trisodium citrate and grape seed extract. With no U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved SH therapeutics, this optimized in vitro SH model can be actively utilized as a promising platform for discovering integrative therapeutics to reverse intestinal epithelial inflammation and recurrent kidney stone disease in a single assay.
Dynamical stability indicator based on autoregressive moving-average models: Critical transitions and the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
Authors: Rodal Marie , Krumscheid Sebastian , Madan Gaurav , Henry LaCasce Joseph , Vercauteren Nikki
Published: November 2022

A statistical indicator for dynamic stability, known as the Υ indicator, is used to gauge the stability and, hence, detect approaching tipping points of simulation data from a reduced five-box model of the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) exposed to a time-dependent hosing function. The hosing function simulates the influx of fresh water due to the melting of the Greenland ice sheet and increased precipitation in the North Atlantic. The Υ indicator is designed to detect changes in the memory properties of the dynamics and is based on fitting auto-regressive moving-average models in a sliding window approach to time series data. An increase in memory properties is interpreted as a sign of dynamical instability. The performance of the indicator is tested on time series subject to different types of tipping, namely, bifurcation-induced, noise-induced, and rate-induced tipping. The numerical analysis shows that the indicator indeed responds to the different types of induced instabilities. Finally, the indicator is applied to two AMOC time series from a full complexity Earth systems model (CESM2). Compared with the doubling CO2 scenario, the quadrupling CO2 scenario results in stronger dynamical instability of the AMOC during its weakening phase.
Thermomechanical responses of the drift tube to beam loss at the China spallation neutron source
Authors: Wang Yun , Liu Huachang , Yang Tao , Li Ahong , Zhang Cong , Wu Xiaolei , Fan Mengxu , Li Bo , Qu Peihua , Chen Qiang , Zhou Wenzhong , Yang Yao , Dai Jianping
Published: November 2022

The China Spallation Neutron Source drift tube linac (DTL) is a high current intensity linear accelerator operated in pulsed mode. Beam loss is the most important cause of DTL performance degradation. Therefore, control of beam loss is very crucial to the linac’s commission and routine operation. The beam loss in beam pulse width (∼several hundreds of microseconds) can be regarded as an instantaneous process, which may cause the local temperature of the drift tubes (DTs) to exceed the melting point or the thermal stress to exceed the material yield strength, resulting in permanent damage to the DTs. RF heating and beam loss are two major heat sources of the DTs during operation. First, temperature rise due to RF power dissipation is evaluated in this paper. Then, the thermomechanical response due to beam loss at different energies is investigated. It is found that the 3-MeV beam loss has the greatest stopping power and causes the largest temperature rise to the DTs. The maximum beam current loss for different working conditions is analyzed by both analytical method and ANSYS simulations, and the details will also be discussed in this paper.
Restructuring in high burn-up UO2 fuels: Experimental characterization by electron backscattered diffraction
Authors: Zacharie-Aubrun Isabelle , Dowek Rebecca , Noirot Jean , Blay Thierry , Cabié Martiane , Dumont Myriam
Published: November 2022

This paper discusses the use of electron backscattered diffraction to characterize restructuring in a set of UO2 samples, irradiated in a pressurized water reactor at a burn-up between 35 and 73 GWd/tU, including standard UO2 samples and Cr-doped UO2 samples, to provide a better understanding of restructuring occurring both on the periphery and in the center of high-burn-up pellets. The formation of a high burn-up structure on the periphery of high burn-up UO2 was confirmed in our experiment. We found restructuring associated with bubble formation of all the samples in the central area, with higher irradiation temperatures when the burn-up exceeded 61 GWd/tU, regardless of their initial microstructure. This restructuring tended to progress with the increasing burn-up and to sub-divide the initial grains into sub-grains, with orientations close to that of the parent grains. Radial changes and differences between these samples showed that the burn-up and the temperature were not the only relevant parameters involved in restructuring.
Temperature dependent dielectric properties of GeTe-rich (GeTe)x(Sb2Te3)1−x glass
Authors: Chen Chao , Qiao Chong , Xu Ming , Miao Xiangshui
Published: November 2022

The dielectric properties of phase-change materials, which could switch between crystalline and amorphous states, determine the device performances in the electronic and optical applications. Here, we have systematically investigated the dielectric properties of amorphous (a-) Ge8Sb2Te11 thin films with temperature by two complementary methods, i.e., the AC electrical measurement (0.5–186 Hz) and the impedance spectroscopy (9 kHz–3 GHz). The characterization of dielectric behavior of a-Ge8Sb2Te11 at low frequencies approaching DC, as defined by the static dielectric constants (εst), is achieved by the measurement at very low temperature. The resulting εst of a-Ge8Sb2Te11 is much larger than its optical dielectric constant ε∞ at room temperature, which is mainly ascribed to the contribution of infrared active phonons at around tens of meV. The εst increases linearly by 16.5% from 5 to 300 K, due to more optical phonons activated at elevated temperatures. We also notice that εst shows little dependence on the frequency, and the total conductivity of a-Ge8Sb2Te11 extracted from impedance spectroscopies is frequency independent up to 10 MHz. Hence, no obvious dielectric relaxations are observed in a-Ge8Sb2Te11 below 10 MHz close to room temperature. In addition, the bandgap calculated from temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity is larger than that measured from the optical absorption edge by 11.5%.