bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cerebral folate transporter deficiency syndrome in three siblings: Why genetic testing for developmental and epileptic encephalopathies should be performed early and include the FOLR1 gene
Authors: Brunetti Sara , Malerba Laura , Giordano Lucio , Parrini Elena , Guerrini Renzo , Palumbo Giovanni , Parazzini Cecilia , Bestetti Ilaria , Accorsi Patrizia
Published: May 2021

Cerebral folate transporter deficiency syndrome, caused by FOLR‐1 mutations is characterized by late infantile onset, severe developmental regression, epilepsy, and leukodystrophy. An extremely low concentration of 5‐methyltetrahydrofolate in the cerebrospinal fluid provides a crucial clue to its diagnosis and is a treatment target. Oral or intravenous folinic acid (5‐formyltetrahydrofolate) administration improves clinical symptoms and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. We describe three siblings carrying a novel homozygous FOLR1 nonsense mutation, that were referred due to intractable epilepsy and progressive neurological decline. Brain MRI showed hypomyelination and cerebellar atrophy. Folinic acid (oral and intravenous) supplementation, initiated after over 15 years illness, has failed to result in any sizeable clinical or neurophysiological improvement. Cerebral folate transport deficiency bears overlapping clinical features with many severe developmental encephalopathies. It is crucial to recognize FOLR1 signs and establish an early clinical and molecular diagnosis in order to provide timely folinic acid treatment and improve outcome.
Introduction to pioneers in primatology
Authors: Brosnan Sarah F.
Published: May 2021

As a relatively young discipline, primatology is lucky to still have many of its pioneering researchers active in the field. At the 2019 American Society of Primatology meeting, I convened the inaugural Pioneers in Primatology symposium to bring together a selection of these researchers to reflect on their careers, with a focus on the stories that defined their work and their thoughts on the important future directions for the field. After the symposium, Karen Strier and I decided that these pioneers' contributions merited preservation, and this special issue is our effort to do so.
A 3D Anionic Metal Covalent Organic Framework with soc Topology Built from an Octahedral TiIV Complex for Photocatalytic Reactions
Authors: Lu Hui‐Shu , Han Wang‐Kang , Yan Xiaodong , Chen Chuan‐Jie , Niu Tengfei , Gu Zhi‐Guo
Published: May 2021

The construction of three‐dimensional (3D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) remains challenging due to the limited types of organic building blocks. With octahedral TiIV complex as the building unit, this study reports on the first 3D anionic titanium‐based COF (Ti‐COF‐1) with an edge‐transitive (6, 4)‐connected soc topology. Ti‐COF‐1 exhibits high crystallinity, superior stability, and large specific surface area (1000.4 m2 g−1). Moreover, Ti‐COF‐1 has a broad absorption band in the UV spectrum with an optical energy gap of 1.86 eV, and exhibits high photocatalytic activity toward Meerwein addition reactions. This research demonstrates an attractive strategy for the design of 3D functional COFs.
Optimization of Magnesium‐Doped Lithium Metal Anode for High Performance Lithium Metal Batteries through Modeling and Experiment
Authors: Gao Peiyuan , Wu Haiping , Zhang Xianhui , Jia Hao , Kim Ju‐Myung , Engelhard Mark H. , Niu Chaojiang , Xu Zhijie , Zhang Ji‐Guang , Xu Wu
Published: May 2021

Lithium (Li)‐magnesium (Mg) alloy with limited Mg amount, which can also be called Mg‐doped Li (Li‐Mg), has been considered as a potential alternative anode for high energy density rechargeable Li metal batteries. However, the optimum doping‐content of Mg in Li‐Mg anode and the mechanism of the improved performance are not well understood. Herein, density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to investigate the effect of Mg amount in Li‐Mg anode. The Li‐Mg with about 5 wt. % Mg (abbreviated as Li‐Mg5) has the lowest absorption energy of Li, thus all the surface area can be “controlled” by Mg atoms, leading to the smooth and continuous deposition of Li on the surface around the Mg center. A localized high concentration electrolyte enables Li‐Mg5 to exhibit the best cycling stability in Li metal batteries with high‐loading cathode and lean electrolyte under 4.4 V high‐voltage, which is approaching the demand of practical application. This electrolyte also helps generate an inorganic‐rich solid electrolyte interphase, which leads to smooth, compact and less corrosion layer on the Li‐Mg5 surface. Both theoretical simulations and experimental results prove that Li‐Mg5 has optimum Mg content and gives best battery cycling performance.
Understanding Ligand‐Directed Heterogeneous Catalysis: When the Dynamically Changing Nature of the Ligand Layer Controls the Hydrogenation Selectivity
Authors: Schröder Carsten , Schmidt Marvin C. , Haugg Philipp A. , Baumann Ann‐Katrin , Smyczek Jan , Schauermann Swetlana
Published: May 2021

We present a mechanistic study on the formation and dynamic changes of a ligand‐based heterogeneous Pd catalyst for chemoselective hydrogenation of α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde acrolein. Deposition of allyl cyanide as a precursor of a ligand layer renders Pd highly active and close to 100 % selective toward propenol formation by promoting acrolein adsorption in a desired configuration via the C=O end. Employing a combination of real‐space microscopic and in‐operando spectroscopic surface‐sensitive techniques, we show that an ordered active ligand layer is formed under operational conditions, consisting of stable N‐butylimine species. In a competing process, unstable amine species evolve on the surface, which desorb in the course of the reaction. Obtained atomistic‐level insights into the formation and dynamic evolution of the active ligand layer under operational conditions provide important input required for controlling chemoselectivity by purposeful surface functionalization.
Gausemycins A,B: Cyclic Lipoglycopeptides fromStreptomycessp.**
Authors: Tyurin Anton P. , Alferova Vera A. , Paramonov Alexander S. , Shuvalov Maxim V. , Kudryakova Gulnara K. , Rogozhin Eugene A. , Zherebker Alexander Y. , Brylev Vladimir A. , Chistov Alexey A. , Baranova Anna A. , Biryukov Mikhail V. , Ivanov Igor A. , Prokhorenko Igor A. , Grammatikova Natalia E. , Kravchenko Tatyana V. , Isakova Elena B. , Mirchink Elena P. , Gladkikh Elena G. , Svirshchevskaya Elena V. , Mardanov Andrey V. , Beletsky Aleksey V. , Kocharovskaya Milita V. , Kulyaeva Valeriya V. , Shashkov Alexander S. , Tsvetkov Dmitry E. , Nifantiev Nikolay E. , Apt Alexander S. , Majorov Konstantin B. , Efimova Svetlana S. , Ravin Nikolai V. , Nikolaev Evgeny N. , Ostroumova Olga S. , Katrukha Genrikh S. , Lapchinskaya Olda A. , Dontsova Olga A. , Terekhov Stanislav S. , Osterman Ilya A. , Shenkarev Zakhar O. , Korshun Vladimir A.
Published: May 2021

We report a novel family of natural lipoglycopeptides produced byStreptomycessp. INA‐Ac‐5812. Two major components of the mixture, named gausemycins A and B, were isolated, and their structures were elucidated. The compounds are cyclic peptides with a unique peptide core and several remarkable structural features, including unusual positions ofd‐amino acids, lack of the Ca2+‐binding Asp‐X‐Asp‐Gly (DXDG) motif, tyrosine glycosylation with arabinose, presence of 2‐amino‐4‐hydroxy‐4‐phenylbutyric acid (Ahpb) and chlorinated kynurenine (ClKyn), and N‐acylation of the ornithine side chain. Gausemycins have pronounced activity against Gram‐positive bacteria. Mechanistic studies highlight significant differences compared to known glyco‐ and lipopeptides. Gausemycins exhibit only slight Ca2+‐dependence of activity and induce no pore formation at low concentrations. Moreover, there is no detectable accumulation of cell wall biosynthesis precursors under treatment with gausemycins.
Control Viscoelasticity of Polymer Networks with Crosslinks of Superposed Fast and Slow Dynamics
Authors: Chen Hao , Zhang Jin , Yu Wenting , Cao Yi , Cao Zhaozhen , Tan Yebang
Published: May 2021

Depending on the dynamics of the crosslinks, polymer networks can have distinct bulk mechanical behaviors, from viscous liquids to tough solids. Here, by means of designing a crosslink with variable molecular dynamics, we show the control of viscoelasticity of polymer networks in a broad range quantitatively. The hexanoate‐isoquinoline@cucurbit[7]uril (HIQ@CB[7]) crosslink exhibits in a combination of protonated and deprotonated states of similar association affinity but distinct molecular dynamics. The molecular property of this crosslink is contributed by linear combination of the parameters at the two states, which is precisely tuned by pH. Using this crosslink, we achieve the quantitative control of viscoelasticity of quasi‐ideal networks in 5 orders of magnitude, and we show the reversible control of mechanical response, such as stiffness, strength and extensibility, of tough random polymer networks. This strategy offers a way to tailor the mechanical properties of polymer networks at the molecular level and paves the way for engineering “smart” responsive materials.
Deep‐Ultraviolet Nonlinear‐Optical van‐der‐Waals Beryllium Borates**
Authors: Kang Lei , Gong Pifu , Lin Zheshuai , Huang Bing
Published: May 2021

Van‐der‐Waals (vdW) deep‐ultraviolet (DUV) nonlinear‐optical (NLO) materials hold great potential to extend DUV NLO applications to two dimensions, but they are rare in nature. In this study, we propose a design principle to realize vdW DUV NLO materials via structural evolution from the non‐vdW (BO3)‐(BeO3F) layers in KBe2BO3F2 (KBBF) to the vdW (BO3)‐(BeO4H) layers in berborite Be2BO5H3 (BBH) and the vdW (BO4)‐(BeO4) layers in beryllium metaborate BeB2O4 (BEBO). Based on first‐principles calculations, the fundamental NLO properties of BBH and BEBO demonstrate that a balanced DUV NLO performance can be achieved in these two systems. Importantly, BBH, a layered material existing in nature, can achieve an available DUV phase‐matched output with strong second harmonic generation (SHG) for 177.3/193.7 nm DUV lasers, which is almost identical to that of KBBF. Remarkably, BEBO shows an excellent DUV SHG capacity and an even shorter phase‐matching wavelength than KBBF. Therefore, the newly discovered vdW BBH and BEBO, once verified by experiments, could provide an ideal platform to study DUV NLO effects in three dimensions and two dimensions.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed C−H Activation‐Based Construction of Axially and Centrally Chiral Indenes through Two Discrete Insertions
Authors: Wang Fen , Jing Jierui , Zhao Yanliang , Zhu Xiaohan , Zhang Xue‐Peng , Zhao Liujie , Hu Panjie , Deng Wei‐Qiao , Li Xingwei
Published: May 2021

Reported herein is asymmetric [3+2] annulation of arylnitrones with different classes of alkynes catalyzed by chiral rhodium(III) complexes, with the nitrone acting as an electrophilic directing group. Three classes of chiral indenes/indenones have been effectively constructed, depending on the nature of the substrates. The coupling system features mild reaction conditions, excellent enantioselectivity, and high atom‐economy. In particular, the coupling of N‐benzylnitrones and different classes of sterically hindered alkynes afforded C−C or C−N atropochiral pentatomic biaryls with a C‐centered point‐chirality in excellent enantio‐ and diastereoselectivity (45 examples, average 95.6 % ee). These chiral center and axis are disposed in a distal fashion and they are constructed via two distinct migratory insertions that are stereo‐determining and are under catalyst control.
Strategic Design of Catalytic Lysine‐Targeting Reversible Covalent BCR‐ABL Inhibitors**
Authors: Quach David , Tang Guanghui , Anantharajan Jothi , Baburajendran Nithya , Poulsen Anders , Wee John L. K. , Retna Priya , Li Rong , Liu Boping , Tee Doris H. Y. , Kwek Perlyn Z. , Joy Joma K. , Yang Wan‐Qi , Zhang Chong‐Jing , Foo Klement , Keller Thomas H. , Yao Shao Q.
Published: May 2021

Targeted covalent inhibitors have re‐emerged as validated drugs to overcome acquired resistance in cancer treatment. Herein, by using a carbonyl boronic acid (CBA) warhead, we report the structure‐based design of BCR‐ABL inhibitors via reversible covalent targeting of the catalytic lysine with improved potency against both wild‐type and mutant ABL kinases, especially ABLT315I bearing the gatekeeper residue mutation. We show the evolutionarily conserved lysine can be targeted selectively, and the selectivity depends largely on molecular recognition of the non‐covalent pharmacophore in this class of inhibitors, probably due to the moderate reactivity of the warhead. We report the first co‐crystal structures of covalent inhibitor‐ABL kinase domain complexes, providing insights into the interaction of this warhead with the catalytic lysine. We also employed label‐free mass spectrometry to evaluate off‐targets of our compounds at proteome‐wide level in different mammalian cells.
Fishes of the Irrawaddy River: Diversity and conservation
Authors: Li Yanzhi , Qin Tao , Tun Ye Yint , Chen Xiaoyong
Published: May 2021

Few conservation studies have examined fish communities in entire drainage basins, especially in developing regions such as Southeast Asia, one of the most diverse biomes globally. The aim of this study was to establish conservation projections for the whole of the Irrawaddy River system, based on fish diversity patterns, human impact, and environmental change.

The Irrawaddy River is one of the five largest rivers in Southeast Asia. Although it has very high diversity of fish species and species endemism, our understanding of resident fish status remains poor.

Based on 1,726 field survey and 1,056 database records, 470 fish species and their distribution patterns (i.e. alpha, beta, threatened species, and endemic species diversities) in sub‐basins of the Irrawaddy drainage were identified. Canonical correspondence analysis of diversity and environmental patterns indicated that climatic factors had the largest effect on diversity, compatible with the species–energy theory.

Fish conservation priorities of sub‐basins were evaluated based on diversity patterns and human impact. The delta and Manipur basin regions were highlighted as areas of focus for future fish diversity conservation, and the importance of connectivity in the Irrawaddy main stem was demonstrated.

The results of this study will be valuable for future management of the Irrawaddy basin and as a reference for other river basins when implementing protection strategies for fish diversity. This study also advocates the need for systematic investigations across entire drainage basins and further detailed studies on the ecological conditions of poorly studied river systems.
Ecoacoustics as a novel tool for assessing pond restoration success: Results of a pilot study
Authors: Greenhalgh Jack A. , Stone Harold J. R. , Fisher Tom , Sayer Carl D.
Published: May 2021

Ecoacoustics is increasingly being used to monitor species populations and to estimate biodiversity in marine ecosystems, but the underwater soundscapes of freshwater environments remain largely unexplored in this respect. Few studies exist concerning the acoustic diversity of ponds, but because aquatic plants and many arthropods such as Coleoptera and Hemiptera are known to produce sound, there is potential to use ecoacoustic techniques to monitor changes in biodiversity and conservation value.

This pilot study compares the underwater soundscapes of recently restored open‐canopy ponds and unmanaged highly terrestrialized ponds situated in an arable agricultural landscape of North Norfolk, UK, in order to assess the benefits of farmland pond restoration.

Daytime sound recordings were made for 10 min in each pond and analysed primarily for arthropod stridulations. In addition, six commonly used acoustic indices were calculated to assess the soundscape biodiversity between the unmanaged and the restored ponds. The stridulations of three diving beetle species (Dytiscidae) were recorded in tank studies to assess the potential for individual species recognition from underwater sound capture.

Sound‐type richness and abundance, as estimated by visually and aurally identifying arthropod stridulation from spectrograms, were significantly higher in the restored open‐canopy ponds compared with the unmanaged terrestrialized ponds. In addition, the acoustic indices ‘acoustic complexity’ and ‘biodiversity index’ were significantly higher in restored open‐canopy ponds than in unmanaged terrestrialized ponds.

The three dytiscid water beetle species recorded in a tank were found to produce distinctive and recognizable sounds, indicating potential to create an audio reference library that could be used for automatic acoustic monitoring of freshwater arthropods.

Pond soundscapes are rich in biological information and this study suggests that, with further development, automated passive ecoacoustic monitoring could be an effective non‐invasive technique for assessing pond conservation value and pond restoration and management success.
Gauging facial feature viewing preference as a stable individual trait in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Reimann Gabrielle E. , Walsh Catherine , Csumitta Kelsey D. , McClure Patrick , Pereira Francisco , Martin Alex , Ramot Michal
Published: May 2021

Eye tracking provides insights into social processing deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially in conjunction with dynamic, naturalistic free‐viewing stimuli. However, the question remains whether gaze characteristics, such as preference for specific facial features, can be considered a stable individual trait, particularly in those with ASD. If so, how much data are needed for consistent estimations? To address these questions, we assessed the stability and robustness of gaze preference for facial features as incremental amounts of movie data were introduced for analysis. We trained an artificial neural network to create an object‐based segmentation of naturalistic movie clips (14 s each, 7410 frames total). Thirty‐three high‐functioning individuals with ASD and 36 age‐ and IQ‐equated typically developing individuals (age range: 12–30 years) viewed 22 Hollywood movie clips, each depicting a social interaction. As we evaluated combinations of one, three, five, eight, and 11 movie clips, gaze dwell times on core facial features became increasingly stable at within‐subject, within‐group, and between‐group levels. Using a number of movie clips deemed sufficient by our analysis, we found that individuals with ASD displayed significantly less face‐centered gaze (centralized on the nose; p < 0.001) but did not significantly differ from typically developing participants in eye or mouth looking times. Our findings validate gaze preference for specific facial features as a stable individual trait and highlight the possibility of misinterpretation with insufficient data. Additionally, we propose the use of a machine learning approach to stimuli segmentation to quickly and flexibly prepare dynamic stimuli for analysis.

Lay Summary

Using a data‐driven approach to segmenting movie stimuli, we examined varying amounts of data to assess the stability of social gaze in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We found a reduction in social fixations in participants with ASD, driven by decreased attention to the center of the face. Our findings further support the validity of gaze preference for face features as a stable individual trait when sufficient data are used.
The cognitive benefits of bilingualism in autism spectrum disorder: Is theory of mind boosted and by which underlying factors?
Authors: Peristeri Eleni , Baldimtsi Eleni , Vogelzang Margreet , Tsimpli Ianthi Maria , Durrleman Stephanie
Published: May 2021

This study examined whether bilingualism boosts Theory of Mind as measured by a non‐verbal false belief (FB) task in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and how this potential boost may stem from improvements in a variety of other domains, namely executive functions (EFs), language, metalinguistic awareness skills, as well as autism severity. One hundred and three children with ASD (7‐ to 15‐year‐olds) (43 bilingual and 60 age‐ and IQ‐matched monolingual children) were tested on a nonverbal task of attentional switching, working memory and updating task, and an online, low‐verbal first‐order FB task. Results showed a clear FB benefit for bilingual children with ASD as compared with their monolingual peers. There were also boosts in EF, however, there is no evidence that these EF boosts drove the FB advantage. Enhanced FB was not explained either by language, metalinguistic skills, or lower autism severity. While the results do not conclusively settle the debate on what triggers the ToM advantage in bilingual children with ASD, the empirical picture of the current study suggests that the ToM component of FB understanding in bilingual children with ASD is enhanced by the bilingual experience per se.

Lay Summary

The current study aimed to determine if and how bilingualism may improve the ability to understand others' beliefs in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We assessed their belief reasoning alongside a series of other skills hypothesized to be beneficial for such reasoning, namely understanding, producing, and thinking about language, recalling and switching between information, and the severity of their autistic symptoms. The overall findings highlight advantages for bilingual children with ASD over their monolingual peers for grasping beliefs, thus suggesting that pursuing bilingualism may be beneficial for cognition in ASD. Other boosts were also associated with bilingualism, such as recalling and switching between information, but these boosts were not directly related to belief understanding, highlighting the beneficial role of bilingualism per se.
The first in‐depth exploration of the genome of the engineered bacterium, Gluconobacter thailandicus
Authors: Liu Xiaoxiao , Ali Afsana , Liu Chenyi , Liu Yupeng , Zhang Pengpai
Published: May 2021

Glycerol is an abundant byproduct of biodiesel production that has significant industrial value and can be converted into dihydroxyacetone (DHA). DHA is widely used for the production of various chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and food additives. Gluconobacter can convert glycerol to DHA through two different pathways, including membrane‐bound dehydrogenases with pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) and NAD(P)+‐dependent enzymes. Previous work has indicated that membrane‐bound dehydrogenases are present in Gluconobacter oxydans and Gluconobacter frateurii, but the metabolic mechanism of Gluconobacter thailandicus’s glycerol conversion is still not clear. Through in‐depth analysis of the G. thailandicus genome and annotation of its metabolic pathways, we revealed the existence of both PQQ and NAD(P)+‐dependent enzymes in G. thailandicus. In addition, this study provides important information related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycerol dehydrogenase level, and phylogenetic relationships of this important species.
Carbon dots crosslinked chitosan/cellulose sponge capture of methyl blue by an adsorption process
Authors: Lu Shiyan , Yuan Guangzhi , Zhu Yongfei , Yu Shujuan
Published: May 2021

For environmental protection, organic dyes and solvents of industrial wastewater must be eliminated. Here, a citric acid‐based carbon dots (CA‐CDs) crosslinked chitosan/microcrystalline cellulose (CS/MCC/CA‐CDs) sponge was synthesized to study its adsorption performance for methyl blue (MB) dye. The morphology of the sponge was a tangled fibre with a bundle formed by hydrogen bonds between CA‐CDs and the CS/MCC composite matrix. The abundant amount of tangled fibre bundle units can offer plentiful active adsorption sites to collect the dye molecules. The adsorption capacity of the CS/MCC/CA‐CDs sponge toward MB was 306.8 mg/g at pH 10 and a temperature of 298 K. In addition, the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model was matched with the adsorption kinetic experimental data, and the adsorption isotherm data can be described by the Langmuir models. This study proposed that the CS/MCC/CA‐CDs sponge adsorbent creates tremendous potential application value in wastewater treatment due to its fast kinetics, high adsorption capacity, simple preparation, and eco‐friendly properties.
The positive development role of informal economic activity: The case of informal printing firms in Ghana
Authors: Darbi William Phanuel Kofi , Knott Paul
Published: May 2021

We address the potential for the “informal sector” to have a positive role in development, in contrast to portrayals of the sector as marginal, transient, exploitative, and predicated on institutional failings. Our study presents a social practice analysis of the informal printing hub in Accra, Ghana, which operates in this sector characterised by various degrees of non‐compliance with business registration, tax and employment legislation. We profile the operations and strategic practices of its small informal businesses and show how informal sector actors, regulatory institutions and formal business customers navigate the ambiguous terrain that informality brings by co‐constructing informality as a pervasive, near‐legitimate phenomenon. From the case, we argue that the informal economy can achieve not only resilient operational and competitive performance but also a set of positive socio‐economic outcomes. We explore policy responses capable of nurturing its immersive networks by emphasising pragmatic accommodation and flexible dispensation.
Targeting thymidine phosphorylase as a potential therapy for bone loss associated with periprosthetic osteolysis
Authors: Matsumae Gen , Shimizu Tomohiro , Tian Yuan , Takahashi Daisuke , Ebata Taku , Alhasan Hend , Yokota Shunichi , Kadoya Ken , Terkawi Mohamad Alaa , Iwasaki Norimasa
Published: May 2021

Macrophages are generally thought to play a key role in the pathogenesis of aseptic loosening through initiating periprosthetic inflammation and pathological bone resorption. The aim of this study was to identify macrophage‐derived factors that promote osteoclast differentiation and periprosthetic bone destruction. To achieve this, we examined the effects of 12 macrophage‐derived factors that were identified by RNA‐seq analysis of stimulated macrophages on osteoclast differentiation. Surprisingly, thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP) was found to trigger significant number of osteoclasts that exhibited resorbing activities on dentine slices. Functionally, TYMP knockdown reduced the number of osteoclasts in macrophages that had been stimulated with polyethylene debris. TYMP were detected in serum and synovial tissues of patients that had been diagnosed with aseptic loosening. Moreover, the administration of TYMP onto calvariae of mice induced pathological bone resorption that was accompanied by an excessive infiltration of inflammatory cells and osteoclasts. The RNA‐seq for TYMP‐induced‐osteoclasts was then performed in an effort to understand action mode of TYMP. TYMP stimulation appeared to activate the tyrosine kinase FYN signaling associated with osteoclast formation. Oral administration of saracatinib, a FYN kinase inhibitor, significantly suppressed formation of bone osteolytic lesions in a polyethylene debris‐induced osteolysis model. Our findings highlight a novel molecular target for therapeutic intervention in periprosthetic osteolysis.
Modulation of Cellular Fate of Vinyl Triarylamines through Structural Fine Tuning: To Stay or Not To Stay in the Mitochondria?
Authors: Fourmois Laura , Poyer Florent , Sourdon Aude , Naud‐Martin Delphine , Nagarajan Sounderya , Chennoufi Rahima , Deprez Eric , Teulade‐Fichou Marie‐Paule , Mahuteau‐Betzer Florence
Published: May 2021

Mitochondria are involved in many cellular pathways and dysfunctional mitochondria are linked to various diseases. Hence efforts have been made to design mitochondria‐targeted fluorophores for monitoring the mitochondrial status. However, the factors that govern the mitochondria‐targeted potential of dyes are not well‐understood. In this context, we synthesized analogues of the TP‐2Bzim probe belonging to the vinyltriphenylamine (TPA) class and already described for its capacity to bind nuclear DNA in fixed cells and mitochondria in live cells. These analogues (TP‐1Bzim, TPn‐2Bzim, TP1+‐2Bzim, TN‐2Bzim) differ in the cationic charge, the number of vinylbenzimidazolium branches and the nature of the triaryl core. Using microscopy, we demonstrated that the cationic derivatives accumulate in mitochondria but do not reach mtDNA. Under depolarisation of the mitochondrial membrane, TP‐2Bzim and TP1+‐2Bzim translocate to the nucleus in direct correlation with their strong DNA affinity. This reversible phenomenon emphasizes that these probes can be used to monitor ΔΨm variations.
A case of multiple primary malignancies including peritoneal mesothelioma surviving over 11 years
Authors: Esmati Ebrahim , Rezaei Saeed , Jafari Fatemeh
Published: May 2021

Multiple primary malignancies are exceedingly rare, but they may occur sequentially in a patient, so in the follow‐up of patients with a history of malignancy, always pay attention to second and third primary malignancies as well.
Development of intracardiac thrombus in a young patient with antiphospholipid syndrome while she was on rivaroxaban: Case report and literature review
Authors: Abdelmahmuod Elabbass A. , Hamad Abdelrahman , Almaghraby Ahmed , Mohamed Samah , Alkuwari Maryam
Published: May 2021

The probability of right heart thrombus co‐existence should be considered in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) who have pulmonary and cardiac symptoms. The prevention and management of intracardiac thrombotic events include early use of anticoagulation therapy.
Hypomyelination and Congenital Cataract: Identification of a Novel likely pathogenic c.414+1G>A in FAM126A gene Variant
Authors: Troncoso Mónica , Balut Fernanda , Witting Scarlet , Rubilar Carla , Carrera Jorge , Cartes Fabiola , Herrera Luisa
Published: May 2021

It is key to expand the differential diagnosis and consider possible genetic etiologies on a patient with congenital cataracts associated with clinical features, such as leukodystrophy or polyneuropathy.
Atypical IgG4‐related disease limited to the sino‐nasal cavity: A case report
Authors: Shaikh Ahmed , Silla Karol , Aljariri Adham A. , Sharaf Eldean Mouhammad Zuhair , Al Saey Hamad
Published: May 2021

Given the overlapping clinical features of sino‐nasal immunoglobulin 4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) to rhinitis or rhinosinusitis, this paper aims to delineate this rare, isolated manifestation significant to physicians for their daily practice and researchers contributing to this field.
Early detection of large‐vessel occlusion stroke after cardiac surgery using CT angiography leading to early recanalization with endovascular thrombectomy
Authors: Takemoto Kiyoshi , Sakuraya Masaaki , Nakamura Michitaka , Maekawa Hidetsugu , Yamanaka Kazuo , Atagi Kazuaki
Published: May 2021

CT angiography may be useful for early diagnosis of ischemic stroke after cardiac surgery. When patients diagnosed with large‐vessel occlusion, endovascular thrombectomy may be a therapeutic option and may improve their neurological complications.
Metastatic L1 root compression presenting as an inguinal pain: A case report
Authors: Mirzashahi Babak , Vosoughi Farzad , Besharaty Saied , Hasani Satehi Sadegh
Published: May 2021

As the spine is the third most common place for metastatic involvement, spinal examination is essential in patients with a known history of cancer, even in those with no related complains (ie. Backpain).
Secondary hemicrania continua‐tic syndrome associated with fungal sphenoiditis: A case report
Authors: Wang Chunyu , Zhang Xiaoyan , Yang Yanli , Wan Dongjun
Published: May 2021

The coexistence of hemicrania‐continua and trigeminal neuralgia is called HC‐tic syndrome. We describe a case of an elderly man who suffered both types of headache related to fungal sphenoiditis. This is the first case to be reported, to the best of our knowledge.
Promoting H2 Activation over Molybdenum Carbide by Modulation of Metal‐Support Interaction for Efficient Catalytic Hydrogenation
Authors: Ma Ling , Chen Ping , Zhang Guangji , Wang Liqiang , Tang Feiying , Zhao Xiaojun , Wang Jin , Huang Jianhan , Liu You‐Nian
Published: May 2021

Transition metal carbides (TMCs) have been used extensively as catalysts for hydrogenation reactions. However, TMC catalysts suffer from low activity for H2 activation, which is vital to their hydrogenation performance. Herein, we report a feasible strategy to improve the ability of TMCs (e. g., Mo2C) for H2 activation by modulation of the metal‐support interaction (MSI). The MSI can be tuned by introducing N element into carbon supports. Specifically, N can modulate the orbital structure of Mo to promote H2 activation. Experimental and theoretical results reveal that H2 activation ability of the metal sites can be altered by loading them onto carbon supports, and optimized by doping N into the corresponding carbon matrices. Consequently, N‐doped carbon‐supported Mo2C (Mo2C/NC) catalyst, possessing improved H2 activation ability, displays remarkably enhanced catalytic hydrogenation performance for the reduction of nitro compounds. The conversion and selectivity over Mo2C/NC are nearly 100 % under mild conditions.
Agronomic responses and sugarcane aphid pressure in warm‐season annual forage mixtures
Authors: Thompson Serena Joy , Jacobson Alana , Severino da Silva Liliane , Dillard Sandra Leanne
Published: May 2021

Warm‐season annual forages are a viable option to complement perennial forage systems. Sugarcane aphid [SCA; Melanaphis sacchari] has emerged as a significant pest in Sorghum spp. compromising forage production. This study evaluated herbage responses and SCA incidence in monoculture and mixtures of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp), crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.), and sorghum × sudangrass [(Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) × (Sorghum × drummondii)]. Crude protein (CP), lignin, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations were determined. Incidence of SCA was evaluated weekly on sorghum × sudangrass treatments. Herbage mass was not affected (P = .522) by treatments and ranged from 1,361 to 2,104 lb dry matter (DM) acre–1. Greater herbage mass was observed in Year 1 than 2 (1,678 vs. 1,050 lb DM acre–1) most likely associated with higher rainfall on Year 1. Greater (P < .001) CP was observed in Year 2 and was also associated with mixtures containing cowpea. For treatments containing sorghum × sudangrass, the use of insecticide decreased losses in forage production, although sorghum × sudangrass mixtures did not result in a reduction of SCA when compared to its monoculture. This response is most likely associated with less sorghum × sudangrass plant density in mixtures which may have resulted in a higher SCA incidence per plant. Based on our results, the use of warm‐season annuals is a viable option to complement forage production; however, the use of insecticide may be needed to reduce yield and economical losses due to SCA.
Evaluating injury potential from a midwinter application of carfentrazone‐ethyl to putting greens
Authors: Raudenbush Zane , Benelli Jesse , Elmore Matthew T. , Hoyle Jared A. , Patton Aaron J. , Thompson Cole
Published: May 2021

Core Ideas

Silvery‐thread moss grows when desirable grasses are dormant in the northern United States.

Carfentrazone‐ethyl applied to dormant creeping bentgrass did not cause injury.

Avoid applying carfentrazone‐ethyl as creeping bentgrass transitions out of dormancy.
Fabrication of Pd/Mg2P2O7 via a Struvite‐Template Way from Wastewater and Application as Chemoselective Catalyst in Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes
Authors: Zhang Peng , Xu Shaonan , Wang Yan , Zhang Wei , Li Wenqing , Wei Cundi , Zhang Peiping , Miao Shiding
Published: May 2021

A highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst Pd/Mg2P2O7 was fabricated by combining palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) and mesoporous Mg2P2O7 fibers/rods. Mg2P2O7 fibers with ultra‐high specific surface area were prepared from struvite as templates, which were synthesized from waste water containing N‐ and P‐containing pollutants. This strategy provided a novel pathway for developing advanced catalysts from eutrophication‐polluted water. The composite Pd/Mg2P2O7 showed brilliant performance in selective hydrogenation of nitro aromatics to give anilines. As an example of nitrobenzene hydrogenation, the conversion to aniline and selectivity were found to reach almost 100 % at a temperature of T=90 °C and under a pressure of P
=2.0 MPa. The superior performance was found to originate from PdNPs, which were boosted by electron transfer afforded by the nanofiber Mg2P2O7 supports. The favorable adsorption of withdrawing groups (−NO2) was realized by synergistic effects between Pd and oxygen vacancies provided by pyrolysis of struvite. The catalyst remained stable after cycles of reuse with little degradation in catalytic performance.
Gelatin‐Derived 1D Carbon Nanofiber Architecture with Simultaneous Decoration of Single Fe−Nx Sites and Fe/Fe3C Nanoparticles for Efficient Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Li Ning , Liu Lu , Wang Kun , Niu Jin , Zhang Zhengping , Dou Meiling , Wang Feng
Published: May 2021

Exploring high‐performance non‐precious‐metal electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is critical. Herein, a scalable and cost‐effective strategy is reported for the construction of one‐dimensional carbon nanofiber architectures with simultaneous decoration of single Fe−Nx sites and highly dispersed Fe/Fe3C nanoparticles for efficient ORR, through the FeIII‐complex‐assisted electrospinning of gelatin nanofibers with subsequent pre‐oxidation and carbonization. Results show that the presence of a FeIII complex enables the 1D gelatin nanofibers to be well retained during the pre‐oxidation process. Owing to the distinct 1D nanofiber structure and the synergistic effect of Fe/Fe3C and Fe−Nx sites, the resulting electrocatalyst is highly active for ORR with a half‐wave potential of 0.885 V (outperforming commercial Pt/C) and a superior electrochemical stability in alkaline electrolytes. Similarly, it also shows a high power density (144.7 mW cm−2) and a superior stability in Zn‐air batteries. This work opens a path for the design and synthesis of 1D carbon electrocatalyst for efficient ORR catalysis.
Upper Critical Solution Temperature‐Type Responsive Cyclodextrins with Characteristic Inclusion Abilities
Authors: Zhu Li , Liu Kun , Zheng Shudong , Zhang Xiacong , Yan Jiatao , Li Wen , Zhang Afang
Published: May 2021

Water‐soluble and thermoresponsive macrocycles with stable inclusion toward guests are highly valuable to construct stimuli‐responsive supramolecular materials for versatile applications. Here, we develop such macrocycles – ureido‐substituted cyclodextrins (CDs) which exhibit unprecedented upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behavior in aqueous media. These novel CD derivatives showed good solubility in water at elevated temperature, but collapsed from water to form large coacervates upon cooling to low temperature. Their cloud points are greatly dependent on concentration and can be mediated through oxidation and chelation with silver ions. Significantly, the amphiphilicity of these CD derivatives is supportive to host‐guest binding, which affords them inclusion abilities to guest dyes. The inclusion complexation remained nearly intact during thermally induced phase transitions, which is in contrast to the switchable inclusion behavior of lower critical solution temperature (LCST)‐type CDs. Moreover, ureido‐substituted CDs were exploited to co‐encapsulate a pair of guest dyes whose fluorescence resonance energy transfer process can be switched by the UCST phase transition. We therefore believe these novel thermoresponsive CDs may form a new strategy for developing smart macrocycles and allow for exploring smart supramolecular materials.
A Redox‐Active Tetrazine‐Based Pincer Ligand for the Reduction of N‐Oxyanions Using a Redox‐Inert Metal
Authors: Beagan Daniel M. , Maciulis Nicholas A. , Pink Maren , Carta Veronica , Huerfano I. J. , Chen Chun‐Hsing , Caulton Kenneth G.
Published: May 2021

The reaction chemistry of the bis‐tetrazinyl pyridine ligand (btzp) towards nitrogen oxyanions coordinated to zinc is studied in order to explore the reduction of the NOx− substrates with a redox‐active ligand in the absence of redox activity at the metal. Following syntheses and characterization of (btzp)ZnX2 for X=Cl, NO3 and NO2, featuring O−Zn linkage of both nitrogen oxyanions, it is shown that a silylating agent selectively delivers silyl substituents to tetrazine nitrogens, without reductive deoxygenation of NOx−1. A new synthesis of the highly hydrogenated H4btzp, containing two dihydrotetrazine reductants is described as is the synthesis and characterization of (H4btzp)ZnX2 for X=Cl and NO3, both of which show considerable hydrogen bonding potential of the dihydrotetrazine ring NH groups. The (H4btzp)ZnCl2 complex does not bind zinc in the pincer pocket, but instead H4btzp becomes a bridge between neighboring atoms through tetrazine nitrogen atoms, forming a polymeric chain. The reaction of AgNO2 with (H4btzp)ZnCl2 is shown to proceed with fast nitrite deoxygenation, yielding water and free NO. Half of the H4btzp reducing equivalents form Ag0 and thus the chloride ligand remains coordinated to the zinc metal center to yield (btzp)ZnCl2. To compare with AgNO2, experiments of (H4btzp)ZnCl2 with NaNO2 result in salt metathesis between chloride and nitrite, highlighting the importance of a redox‐active cation in the reduction of nitrite to NO.
Recent advances and current challenges in process intensification of cell culture‐based influenza virus vaccine manufacturing
Authors: Silva Cristina A. T. , Kamen Amine A. , Henry Olivier
Published: May 2021

Every year, millions of people are infected by the influenza virus around the world, which results in more than half a million deaths, particularly among the more vulnerable population. Since vaccination is the most efficient method of protection, millions of doses must be produced in a short period of time to supply seasonal vaccination campaigns around the globe, and billions of doses would be required to respond to a potential global influenza pandemic. The lack of flexibility of the current egg‐based production system and its long production cycles have pushed biomanufacturers to invest in more flexible alternatives for vaccine production, particularly cell culture‐based processes. While a valuable alternative, virus yields are still low, requiring extensive efforts to increase process productivity. Major efforts in the intensification of cell culture‐based viral vaccine manufacturing focus on the development of high cell density processes, which mostly involve the employment of perfusion‐based strategies. In this review, some of the advantages of cell culture‐based production of influenza vaccines will be discussed, and some of the current challenges and opportunities for the intensification of these processes will be presented. Finally, the recent advances in high cell density processes for influenza vaccine manufacturing will be reviewed.
Clinical implication of quantitative flow ratio to predict clinical events after drug‐coated balloon angioplasty in patients with in‐stent restenosis
Authors: Tang Jiani , Hou Hanjing , Chu Jiapeng , Chen Fei , Yao Yian , Gao Yanhua , Ye Zi , Zhuang Shaowei , Lai Yan , Liu Xuebo
Published: May 2021

Background

The association between the quantitative flow ratio (QFR) and adverse events after drug‐coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty for in‐stent restenosis (ISR) lesions has not been investigated.

Hypothesis

Post‐procedural QFR is related to adverse events in patients undergoing DCB angioplasty for ISR lesions.

Methods

This retrospective study included data from patients undergoing DCB angioplasty for drug‐eluting stent (DES) ISR between January 2016 and February 2019. The QFR was measured at baseline and after DCB angioplasty. The endpoint was the vessel‐oriented composite endpoint (VOCE), defined as a composite of cardiac death, vessel‐related myocardial infarction, and ischemia‐driven target vessel revascularization.

Results

Overall, 177 patients with 185 DES‐ISR lesions were included. During 1‐year follow‐up, 27 VOCEs occurred in 26 patients. The area under curve (AUC) of the post‐procedural QFR was statistically greater than that of the in‐stent percent diameter stenosis (0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67–0.87 vs. 0.64, 95% CI 0.53–0.75; p = .032). Final QFR cutoff of 0.94 has the best predictive accuracy for VOCE. A QFR > 0.94 was associated with a lower risk of VOCE compared to a QFR ≤ 0.94 (log‐rank test, p < .0001). Survival analysis using the multivariable Cox model showed that a post‐procedural QFR ≤ 0.94 was an independent predictor of 1‐year VOCE (hazard ratio 6.53, 95% CI 2.70–15.8, p < .001).

Conclusions

A lower QFR value was associated with worse clinical outcomes at 1 year after DCB angioplasty for DES‐ISR.
Parafacial neurons in the human brainstem express specific markers for neurons of the retrotrapezoid nucleus
Authors: Levy Jonathan , Droz‐Bartholet François , Achour Melyna , Facchinetti Patricia , Parratte Bernard , Giuliano François
Published: May 2021

The retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) is a hub for respiratory chemoregulation in the mammal brainstem that integrates chemosensory information from peripheral sites and central relays. Chemosensitive neurons of the RTN express specific genetic and molecular determinants, which have been used to identify RTN precise location within the brainstem of rodents and nonhuman primates. Based on a comparative approach, we hypothesized that among mammals, neurons exhibiting the same specific molecular and genetic signature would have the same function. The co‐expression of preprogalanin (PPGAL) and SLC17A6 (VGluT2) mRNAs with duplex in situ hybridization has been studied in formalin fixed paraffin‐embedded postmortem human brainstems. Two specimens were processed and analyzed in line with RTN descriptions in adult rats and macaques. Double‐labeled PPGAL+/SLC17A6+ neurons were only identified in the parafacial region of the brainstem. These neurons were found surrounding the nucleus of the facial nerve, located ventrally to the nucleus VII on caudal sections, and slightly more dorsally on rostral sections. The expression of neuromedin B (NMB) mRNA as a single marker of chemosensitive RTN neurons has not been confirmed in humans. The location of the RTN in human adults is provided. This should help to develop investigation tools combining anatomic high‐resolution imaging and respiratory functional investigations to explore the pathogenic role of the RTN in congenital or acquired neurodegenerative diseases.