bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crossrail project: procuring infrastructure for London’s Elizabeth line
Authors: Lloyd-Davies Kevin , Rowark Martin
Published: August 2017

This paper sets out the origins and approach to procurement on Crossrail, the development of the ‘six pillars’ of procurement and how these were deployed to deliver over £11 billion of capital spend over a 5 year period. Initial reservations about retrofitting the approach into the existing governance processes were overcome by demonstrating clear gains through forward planning, managing risk early in the process and promoting efficiencies in production. The approach allowed a 30% reduction in the procurement team size while delivering the same outputs. In addition, all critical key dates were met, there were no successful challenges and the scope was procured within budget estimates.
Protecting sensitive constructions from tunnelling: the case of World Heritage buildings in Barcelona
Authors: Ledesma A. , Alonso E. E.
Published: August 2017

Construction of the tunnel for the high-speed Madrid–Barcelona–France railway link across central Barcelona became a major technical and social challenge due to the impact of the tunnel on nearby historic buildings (two of them, the Sagrada Familia basilica and Casa Milà, being United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (Unesco) World Heritage structures). Protection of sensitive buildings from tunnelling-induced movements relied on the construction of a stiff pile wall, separating the tunnel from historic sites. This paper first presents a simplified procedure to analyse the wall–tunnel interaction in a straightforward manner. The main features of the tunnel, excavated by means of an earth pressure balance machine in tertiary clays and sands below the water table, are then described. Details of the design of the wall that was finally built are presented. Issues that were particularly important include the groundwater flow constraints and the use of small-strain soil stiffness properties to obtain realistic settlements. General criteria to design the protection wall are also presented. The good performance of the wall resulted in negligible tunnelling impact on the sensitive structures. The measured and predicted displacements are compared, suggesting that this type of solution is adequate to protect historic structures from tunnelling.
Silicon Carbon Nitride Thin Films Produced by Magnetron Reactive Sputtering Physical Vapour Deposition: Structural, Chemical and Mechanical Characterisation
Authors: Kouakou P. , Yoboue P. , Ouattara B. , Hody V. , Choquet P. , Belmahi M.
Published: August 2017

Amorphous silicon carbon nitride films were deposited on silicon and WC-Co substrates by magnetron reactive sputtering in Ar/N2 gas mixture with carbon and silicon targets. The influence of experimental parameters on the films morphological, structural and mechanical properties was studied. The general morphology of the film is observed by SEM and TEM. EDXS and FTIR were used to determine the film chemical composition and the nature of chemical bonding. It was observed that C≡N bonds and nitrogen percentage in the film are promoted when the substrate is biased. The role of an underlayer and the influence of its nature on the film adhesion on WC/Co substrates were also studied. In this case, nanoscratch tests showed that a SiNx thin film could be an appropriate underlayer.
The Effects of Nb and Mo Addition on Microstructure and Mechanical Behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Authors: Kaouka A. , Benarous K. , Daas A. , Tsipas S. A.
Published: August 2017

The effects of Nb and Mo addition, with different contents, on the microstructure and some mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy were investigated. Treatments were performed at various high temperatures about 1200 and 1300 °C for 3h using vacuum furnace as first treatment and using an argon atmosphere as second treatment. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and the influence of processing temperature on microstructure was studied, the microstructural evolution was evaluated by optical microscopy and SEM. The results revealed that the Nb and Mo elements added to the titanium alloy stabilized the β phase and changed the lattice parameters of α phase. Microstructural observations, phase analysis shown that Ti-6Al-4V alloy contain single phase and increasing Nb and Mo contents the equiaxed grain is refined, and reduction in the prior β grain size. Moreover, Nb/Mo addition up to 10 wt.% increases the volume fraction of β phase in the microstructure. Some mechanical properties such as hardness, Young's modulus and fracture toughness were achieved and tensile test was performed at room temperature. Experimental results revealed good mechanical properties including a low Young's modulus and high deformability, the hardness values of the alloy is about 350-570 HV and the fracture toughness values KIC are ranging from 16.8 MPa m1/2 to 28.5 MPa m1/2 depending on Nb/Mo contents.
Studies of Nutritional and Phytochemical Profiles of Fermented Sourdough
Authors: Ghosh Debasree
Published: August 2017

Lactobacillus sp. isolated from sourdough (collected from local bakery) in whole wheat flour, refined flour and in cow milk curd were analyzed based on the nutritional and phytochemical profiles of sourdough. In antibiotic disk diffusion assay, Lactobacillus sp. shows negligible resistance towards streptomycin discs while no resistance was reported in case of chloramphenicol discs. The biochemical parameters show increase in carbohydrate, protein, riboflavin and folic acid contents in sourdough fermented with lactic acid bacteria. Curd made with only lactic acid bacteria isolate shows higher riboflavin content compared to other fermented food samples. Phytochemical profile shows that, the amount of bioactive compounds decreases with fermentation and present in higher amount in newly fermented sourdough with flavonoid and phenolic contents.
Study of Thermal Behavior of Silicon Carbide Reinforced Polyester Matrix Nanocomposite
Authors: Selvam R. , Ravi S. , Raja R.
Published: August 2017

SiC reinforced polyester nano-composites have been investigated to explore its thermal behavior and the possibilities of its performance improvement. This has been accomplished through addition of small amount of nano sized particles to the composite and by subjecting it to conduct of subsequent experimentations. Nano-composites find applications in the manufacture of special and process equipments. In this study, the composite is fabricated using a weight ratio of 30% for SiC which is reinforced with the remaining polymer matrix. Studies were done to understand the morphology and thermal behavior by conducting different tests and analysis such as thermal conductivity test, TGA and FE- SEM analysis.
Estudos etnográficos na educação: um olhar sensível sobre a escola pública paulista
Authors: Possato Beatris Cristina , Zan Dirce Djanira Pacheco e
Published: August 2017

O intuito deste artigo é refletir sobre a importância dos estudos etnográficos para compreender a instituição escolar, partindo da descrição e da análise da metodologia de uma pesquisa de doutorado realizada em escola pública de educação básica (Campinas - São Paulo). A pesquisa de doutorado propunha-se a problematizar como um programa da Secretaria da Educação do estado de São Paulo - o Sistema de Proteção Escolar, que tem por objetivo amenizar as violências nas escolas - se desenvolveu na instituição estudada. Para isso, por meio da observação e registro do cotidiano buscou-se, em especial, observar a inserção do principal representante desse programa na escola– o Professor Mediador Escolar e Comunitário. Além disso, era necessária a aproximação com a realidade a ser investigada e o conhecimento de diversos aspectos da comunidade atendida e dos sujeitos que constituíam essa instituição. Por meio da pesquisa, constatou-se que apesar do avanço da pesquisa educacional no Brasil, permanece a necessidade de se ampliar estudos de cunho etnográfico que contribuam para a compreensão desse cotidiano. A metodologia da pesquisa permitiu a observação das relações humanas, das juventudes na sua interface com a problemática das violências, das diferentes facetas de um sistema escolar, e possibilitou que se ampliasse as análises e se superasse uma possível visão simplista em apontar soluções fáceis para as escolas públicas.
Política de financiamento e a expansão da educação superior no Brasil: o público e o privado em questão
Authors: Chaves Vera Lúcia Jacob
Published: August 2017

O artigo analisa o perfil do financiamento da expansão do ensino superior, visando discutir a parceria público-privada no financiamento desse nível da educação, nos governos de Lula da Silva e Dilma Rousseff. O estudo parte da tese de que o financiamento da educação superior pública está diretamente relacionado a política de ajuste fiscal do Estado implementado no Brasil desde 1990, como parte das reformas neoliberais adotadas nos países da América Latina, por orientações dos organismos internacionais, em especial o Banco Mundial, o Fundo Monetário Internacional e a Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico. Utilizou-se a metodologia quanti-qualitativa com coleta de fontes documentais e dados do Instituto de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP) e do Orçamento Executado da União, no período de 2003 a 2012. O texto faz uma reflexão sobre a política de financiamento da educação superior pública brasileira estabelecendo relação com a expansão pública e privada desse nível de ensino. O estudo evidenciou que, apesar do crescimento das matrículas no setor público federal, a política de expansão desse nível de ensino tem favorecido o setor privado, por meio de incentivos governamentais, especialmente nos programas PROUNI e FIES. A análise detalhada do orçamento da União, considerando a movimentação entre receitas e despesas, evidenciou a política de ajuste fiscal implementada pelo governo, atingindo diretamente as Universidades públicas federais. Nas conclusões apontamos a necessidade de aumento imediato dos recursos por meio da aplicação de 10% do Produto Interno Bruto para a educação pública do país.
Ensino religioso no estado do Rio de Janeiro: conceitos, história e legislações
Authors: Pinho Leandro Garcia , Vargas Evandro Francisco Marques
Published: August 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a atual configuração legal do Ensino Religioso no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, que se regulamenta pela Lei Estadual de nº 3.459, de 14 de setembro de 2000. Entende-se aqui que esta legislação fluminense não atende as premissas expressas pela Lei Federal de nº 9.475, de 1997. Para se elucidar tal discussão, recorre-se, num primeiro momento, a uma metodologia de discussão teórica de determinados conceitos, entre eles os de “laicização”, “laicidade”, “confessionalismo”, “resistência ativa”, “estrutura de plausibilidade” e “proselitismo” para tentar perceber como esses conceitos podem contribuir para se perceber a dinâmica do ER. Já num segundo momento, volta-se para a compreensão das prerrogativas legais e educacionais que envolvem o ER em sua atual configuração na Escola pública brasileira e, em especial, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. E, em meio a esta perspectiva, sob a lente da análise histórica almeja-se perceber os meandros percorridos pelo ER nesse Estado enquanto uma política educacional que, atualmente, possibilita ao proselitismo se fazer presente no ambiente das escolas estaduais fluminenses.
Da Comunicabilidade do Juízo Estético
Authors: Gil Ana Godinho
Published: August 2017

O objectivo deste artigo é examinar a possibilidade de transmissão do gosto através do juízo estético,  o que é certamente um dos maiores desafios do ensino das artes e da educação estética. De onde vem essa dificuldade de comunicação? Quais os factores em jogo? Que experiência estética pode o professor transmitir e quais os limites desse tipo de transferência de sentimentos? Pensamos que ao esclarecer estas questões estamos contribuir para a educação artística e para a procura de práticas concretas a que se poderia chamar “comunicação do gosto”. A análise do pensamento de Kant sobre esta matéria revela-se uma peça essencial desse contributo. Analisaremos com a ajuda de Deleuze e Lyotard as noções de sentido comum e senso comum, comunicabilidade  do juízo estético e pensamento alargado.
Ernst Bloch e Karl Marx: convergências e divergências sobre a noção de direitos humanos
Authors: Castro Felipe Araújo
Published: August 2017

Nosso objetivo é revisar as interpretações de Ernst Bloch sobre os textos de Marx acerca dos direitos do indivíduo burguês, compreendidos na tensão entre as noções de emancipação política e emancipação humana. A partir da leitura dos comentários de Bloch e a revisitação dos textos de Marx mencionados pelo autor, nossa proposta é defender que sua conturbada biografia e sua posição de observador privilegiado dos eventos históricos do seu tempo o conduziram a uma leitura bastante positiva das conquistas das revoluções burguesas, enxergando-as como um caminho possível para a construção do socialismo; posição substancialmente diferente da defendida por Marx, sobretudo em Sobre a questão judaica.
O protofacismo dos Wagner, por Theodor Adorno
Authors: Burnett Junior Henry Martin
Published: August 2017

O artigo examina três resenhas escritas por Adorno. Nos textos, publicados respectivamente em 1938, 1941 e 1947, o autor analisa a biografia de Wagner escrita por Ernest Newman, The life of Richard Wagner. Nas duas primeiras, manifesta admiração pelo projeto e elogia seus resultados. No entanto, a última resenha destoa das anteriores, porque Adorno lhe atribui um título (Wagner, Nietzsche, e Hitler), sobre o qual cabem inúmeras considerações.
Las manos sucias de la Teoría Crítica: Adorno y Habermas ante el eje teoría-praxis
Authors: Muñoz Marina Hervás
Published: August 2017

Este trabajo lo componen dos partes: la primera, donde se analiza la reconstrucción de las diferentes formas de comprensión del eje teoría-praxis en la tradición filosófica a juicio de Habermas; y la segunda, en la que se plantea la crítica de Habermas a su mentor, Adorno, al respecto. Las objeciones de Habermas se concentran en la, a su juicio, reducción de la racionalidad a lo instrumental, a lo que opone su modelo de acción comunicativa. Se tratará de mostrar algunos problemas de tal crítica y analizar cómo la filosofía de Adorno no consiste, como en Habermas, en reformular la racionalidad, sino de relativizar su fuerza.
Entre Habermas e Derrida: Honneth e a tensão entre princípios de justiça no campo de aplicação do Direito
Authors: Morais Jonathas Vinicius Figueiredo
Published: August 2017

O presente artigo retoma criticamente a discussão entre a perspectiva universalista da ética do discurso e a perspectiva assimétrica do cuidado da ética desconstrucionista, na forma como ela foi primeiramente analisada por Axel Honneth em seu “The Other of Justice”, de 1994. Contudo, divergindo da leitura honnethiana, este artigo desenvolve a tese de que a tensão insolucionável, mas produtiva, entre igualdade de tratamento e cuidado, por ele defendida, também pode ser adequadamente apreendida no campo de aplicação do Direito, oferecendo novos elementos para uma crítica das instituições e das práticas jurídico-discursivas.
Esboçando uma teoria crítica da necessidade: apontamentos sobre a jovem Fraser
Authors: Silva Enrico Paternostro Bueno da
Published: August 2017

O texto trata do modelo crítico de Nancy Fraser para uma teoria da necessidade, proposto em sua juventude. Recusando uma concepção essencialista, debruça-se antes sobre a “política de interpretação das necessidades”, tratando do conflito discursivo que fundamenta políticas sociais. Através de interlocuções com Habermas, Gramsci e Foucault, o modelo aborda: a luta para pautar uma necessidade como demanda política legítima; a disputa sobre a interpretação das necessidades legitimadas por grupos e instituições sociais; e as maneiras pelas quais a burocracia estatal age em resposta ao propor políticas públicas para satisfazê-las.
Feminismo, identidade e exclusão política em Judith Butler e Nancy Fraser
Authors: Cyfer Ingrid
Published: August 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é apontar déficits normativos em Judith Butler, assim como pontos cegos no diagnóstico de Nancy Fraser. Com base em Fraser, sustento que Butler não pode justificar sua crítica à exclusão e nem tampouco diferenciar práticas mais ou menos opressoras em razão de um preconceito pós-estruturalista contra critérios normativos. De outro lado, com base em Butler, argumentarei que a recusa de Fraser em articular psicologia e política lhe deixa sem ferramentas para diagnosticar as ambiguidades da motivação da subordinação, em particular nos casos de injustiça de gênero.
Políticas da identidade e da desidentificação
Authors: Bueno Arthur
Published: August 2017

Resenha de HONNETH, Axel; RANCIÈRE, Jacques. Recognition or Disagreement: A Critical Encounter on the Politics of Freedom, Equality, and Identity (orgs. Katia Genel; Jean-Philippe Deranty), 2016.
Una aproximación a la fonología del tapiete (Tupí-Guaraní)
Authors: González Hebe
Published: August 2017

This article presents the main features of Tapiete phonology, a Tupi-Guarani language spoken in Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay. It discusses the segmental phonology focusing on phonemes, their phonetic description, the phonotactics, the rules that govern the allophonic variations and the syllable structure. At the supra-segmental level, the article provides a characterization of nasal harmony and stress.KEYWORDS: Tapiete; Tupi-Guarani; Phonology; Nasal harmony; Reduplication. RESUMEN Este artículo presenta los principales rasgos de la fonología tapiete, lengua tupí-guaraní hablada en Argentina, Bolivia y Paraguay. El artículo aborda la fonología segmental, centrándose en los fonemas, su caracterización fonética, la fonotáctica, las reglas que rigen las variaciones alofónicas y la estructura silábica. A nivel suprasegmental, el artículo brinda una caracterización de la armonía nasal y el acento. Se describen las variaciones morfofonológicas, específicamente, en su relación con la armonía nasal y el acento.PALABRAS CLAVES: Tapiete; Tupí-Guaraní; Fonología; Armonía nasal; Reduplicació
Cláusulas relativas em pima bajo
Authors: Estrada Fernández Zarina
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT According to the grammaticalization approach, the main goal of this theory is to describe the way grammatical forms arise and how they are developed through time. This article deals with the grammaticalization of the demonstrative higam from Pima Bajo as a relativizer suffix. The discussion also covers the grammaticalization of other elements which are also used to mark relative clauses. The study of the relativizers in Pima Bajo argues in favor of analogy as a principle that motivates the grammaticalization of these elements.KEYWORDS: Relative clauses; Grammaticalization; Uto-Aztecan languages. RESUMEN De acuerdo a los estudios de gramaticalización, la principal meta de esta teoría es la descripción de los procesos mediante los cuales se forman nuevos elementos gramaticales y de cómo evolucionan a lo largo del tiempo. Este artículo trata sobre la gramaticalización del demostrativo higam de Pima Bajo como sufijo relativizador. La discusión abarca la gramaticalización de otros elementos que codifican construcciones funcionalmente equivalentes a las cláusulas relativas. El estudio de los relativizadores en Pima Bajo permite argumentar a favor del principio de analogía como el que motiva la gramaticalización de esos elementos.PALABRAS-CLAVES: Cláusulas relativas; Gramaticalización; Lenguas yutoaztecas.
Operadores aspectuais de estado marcando o nome em wayana (caribe)
Authors: Camargo Eliane
Published: August 2017

RÉSUMÉ En wayana, différents opérateurs aspectuels d’état s’associent au nom (animés et inanimés); quatre d’entre eux sont traités dans la présente étude: -me, -ø, -tpë et -npë. Ces morphèmes d’aspect, assez productifs associés au nom, expriment des notions d’état comme un continuum à partir d’un “avant” jusqu’à un “après”. Le jeu des marques grammaticales et la valeur de l’item lexical peuvent fournir des éléments pour une meilleur compréhension de la conception de la temporalité à travers le système des formes temporelles et aspectuelles, ainsi le travail ici présenté propose appréhender les valeurs d’état des suffixes signalés ci-dessus lorsqu’ils sont associé au nom. Pour ce faire, nous nous baseons sur la théorie de la catégorie de l’aspect-temps développée dans la Grammaire Applicative et Cognitive (GAC, 1990), élaborée par le mathématicien et linguiste Jean-Pierre Desclés (Sorbonne–Paris IV, LALIC). MOTS-CLÉS: Amazonie; Wayana; Langue caribe; Grammaire; Temps/Mode/Aspect; Syntaxe; Ethnolinguistique. RESUMO Em wayana, diferentes operadores aspectuais de estado prendem-se ao nome (animados e inanimados); quatro deles são tratados no presente estudo: -me, -ø, -tpë e -npë. Esses marcadores de aspecto, bastante produtivos quando presos a nomes, expressam noções de estado como um continuum a partir de um “antes” até um “depois”. Visto que o jogo de marcas gramaticais e o valor do léxico podem fornecer elementos para uma melhor compreensão da concepção da temporalidade através do sistema de formas temporais e aspectuais, a proposta do presente estudo é apreender os valores de estado dos sufixos acima indicados que se associam ao nome em wayana. Para isso, optamos pela teoria da categoria do aspecto-tempo desenvolvida na Gramática Aplicativa e Cognitiva, GAC (1990), elaborada pelo matemático e lingüista Jean-Pierre Desclés (Sorbonne–Paris IV, LALIC).PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Amazônia; Wayana; Caribe; Gramática; Tempo/Modo/Aspecto; Sintaxe; Etnolingüística.
As classes morfológicas flexionais da língua kuikuro
Authors: Santos Mara
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT This article aims to discuss the morphological inflectional classes of the Kuikuro language, one of the variants of the Upper Xingu Karib languages, which comprise the southern branch of the Karib family (Franchetto e Meira, 2005). The inflectional morphological classes organize the language in classes that are explicitly ordered and that go through several productive inflectional and derivative processes. The Kuikuro language has a rich set of functional morphemes responsible for aspectual inflection, and Aspect is very important to the formation of the verb in the unmarked descriptive mood. The allomorphs of the Mood Aspects (Descriptive, Punctual, Continuative and Perfective) are distributed in five inflectional classes. We show that there is no phonological motivation for explaining the distribution of these allomorphs. The same can be observed on the so-called participle forms. The division of the Aspects into five inflectional morphological classes results from the analysis of both the function and distribution of these allomorphs that are affixed on verbs. We propose that this occurs because of an arbitrary property of the root that is a formal property without semantic or, as mentioned above, a phonological motivation.KEYWORDS: Karib; Kuikuro; Verbal classes; Nominalization; Verbalization.  RESUMO Este artigo tem como foco a organização das classes morfológicas flexionais da língua kuikuro, uma das variantes da língua karib alto-xinguana, que constitui um dos ramos meridionais da família lingüística karib (Franchetto e Meira, 2005). As classes morfológicas organizam a língua kuikuro em conjuntos explicitamente ordenados, que atravessam diversos processos flexionais e derivacionais. A língua kuikuro dispõe de um rico conjunto de morfemas funcionais responsáveis pela flexão aspectual, e o Aspecto é indispensável na formação da palavra verbal no que podemos chamar de Modo Descritivo, não marcado. Os alomorfes dos Aspectos do Modo Descritivo, Pontual, Continuativo e Perfeito se distribuem em cinco classes flexionais exclusivamente morfológicas, não existindo qualquer condicionamento fonológico que possa ser considerado responsável por tal alomorfia. O mesmo fenômeno pode ser observado nas formas que chamamos de “participiais”. A organização dos Aspectos em cinco classes morfológicas flexionais é produto da observação do comportamento de cada alomorfe após os verbos aos quais ele se sufixa. Trata-se de uma propriedade arbitrária da raiz, uma propriedade puramente formal que não indica nenhuma motivação semântica, nem, tampouco, qualquer condicionamento fonológico.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Karib; Kuikuro; Classes verbais; Nominalização; Verbalização.
Duarte, Fábio Bonfim (2007). Estudos de morfossintaxe tenetehára.
Authors: Gonçalves Solange Aparecida
Published: August 2017

O livro objetivo desta resenha tem sua origem na tese de doutorado em lingüística
defendida na Faculdade de Letras da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais pelo professor e lingüista Fábio Bonfim Duarte (2003). O presente livro trata da língua tenetehára. O autor chama atenção para os poucos estudos morfossintáticos existentes sobre a língua; nesse sentido, o objetivo principal do autor é, então, contribuir com a documentação da língua tenetehára.
Apresentação
Authors: Corbera Mori Angel
Published: August 2017

LIAMES – LÍNGUAS INDÍGENAS AMERICANAS é uma revista especializada em línguas ameríndias, editada sob os auspícios do Departamento de Lingüística, no Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem, da Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMP. Esta publicação agrega, a um só tempo, o interesse científico no conhecimento, análise e estudo comparativo de um grande conjunto de línguas naturais, faladas pelas sociedades indígenas das Américas, e um compromisso de respeito e defesa dessas sociedades, suas culturas e seus direitos.
Orality spreading in Pirahã
Authors: Sandalo Filomena , Abaurre Maria Bernadete
Published: August 2017

Neste trabalho, discutimos oralidade e nasalidade em algumas línguas indígenas brasileiras. Tomando por base dados principalmente do pirahã, questionamos o caráter universal da posição elevada do véu palatino, conforme proposto por Chomsky & Halle (1968), para a posição neutra de articulação. Propomos que as línguas podem ser tipologicamente diferenciadas pelo número de obstruintes que têm em seus inventários: aquelas com um número grande de obstruintes exibem processos de nasalização, enquanto outras, como o pirahã, com um grande número de sonorantes exibem processos de oralização.
As vogais orais Arawaté
Authors: Silva Ana Sousa da , Picanço Gessiane , Rodrigues Carmen Lúcia Reis
Published: August 2017

Este trabalho é uma contribuição aos estudos fonológicos da língua araweté (família Tupi-guaraní, tronco Tupí). Para tanto, retomando a pesquisa realizada por Silva (2009), apresenta uma reanálise das vogais orais, considerando estudos anteriores realizados sobre a língua araweté, principalmente, a partir de 1998. As análises aqui apresentadas têm como foco principal a investigação das qualidades vocálicas araweté, tendo em vista propriedades fonológicas e acústicas desses fonemas. Esta proposta de análise para as vogais orais diverge dos outros estudos fonológicos da língua, sobretudo no que diz respeito à qualidade da vogal alta central /ì/ – considerada aqui como uma vogal [-anterior] /I/ –, embora esteja em conformidade com esses trabalhos ao considerar a existência de cinco fonemas vocálicos orais.
“How Can I Write My Language?” Linguistic Analysis and Language Revitalization: Lessons from Waimiri Atroari Syllable Structure
Authors: Bruno Ana Carla Dos Santos
Published: August 2017

There are few linguistic studies of the Waimiri Atroari language and all are relatively recent: Hill and Hill (1985), Lacerda (1991), Bruno (1995, 1998, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, and 2009). Yet, the point of this paper is that linguistic analysis is crucial for language revitalization. To support this position, I discuss the experience of the Waimiri Atroari with formal education and orthography, in particular as it relates to syllable structure. I describe how syllable structure works in Waimiri Atroari and I discuss the failings of orthographies that do not take into account the language structure.
Revista LingüíStica (2008). Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.
Authors: Gomes Antonio Almir Silva
Published: August 2017

O volume 4, n.2, de dezembro de 2008, da revista Lingüíßtica publicada pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro é dedicado às línguas indígenas brasileiras. Tal dedicatória, conforme explicitado na Apresentação da mesma, se justifica em virtude do ano 2008 ter sido proclamado pelas Nações Unidas o Ano Internacional das Línguas. Nesse contexto, pretendeu-se neste número homenagear a “diversidade, vitalidade e riqueza das línguas nativas ainda faladas no Brasil” (p. 109). Para tal, o volume apresenta seis artigos cujos conteúdos abrangem descrição e análise de aspectos da fonologia e da morfossintaxe de distintas línguas indígenas brasileiras.
DEMOGRAPHIC ASPECTS OF TERRITORIAL DISTRIBUTION AND URBANIZATION LEVEL IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
Authors: Panov Nikola , Taleska Milena , Dimeska Hristina
Published: August 2017

The Republic of Macedonia, like other European countries, is following the trend of continuous decline of the population in some parts of the country. Along with this decline in population, there is also a decline in the rate of population growth and population density occurring in certain regions.On the territory of the Republic of Macedonia, regarding the distribution of population density, visible differences can be observed in some parts, and even regions. These demographic changes happened due to the economical opportunities within the country, and also to the migration movements.In this paper, beside the analysis of the data of the population movement and the density of the population (1953 – 2011), we shall also observe the basic marks of the urban and rural environments, in terms of the changes occurring in spatial distribution by regions as well as identifying the factors that influenced the formation of the disparity in today’s asymmetric spatial distribution of the population.
DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY METALS IN SOME VEGETABLES GROWN IN THE VICINITY OF LEAD AND ZINC SMELTER PLANT
Authors: Pančevski Zlatko , Stafilov Trajče , Bačeva Katerina
Published: August 2017

Gardens near the lead and zinc smelter plant "Zletovo" in the town of Veles, Republic of Macedonia, are the main suppliers with vegetables and fruits for the residents of this town. This area, was exposed thirty years to high environmental contamination with heavy metals (Cd, Pb and Zn). The smelter plant was a major source of heavy met-als pollution in the environment, including the garden soils used for the production of vegetables and fruits. The aim of this study is to determine the level of contamination (especially with Cd, Pb and Zn) in green garlic (Allium sa-tivum) and green onion (Allium scallion) produced on the contaminated soil and to determine its level of accumula-tion in the plants. The contents of 21 elements (Ag, Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, V and Zn) in the vegetables and corresponding soils were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma – atomic emis-sion spectrometry (ICP-AES) after microwave digestion. It was found that the contents of Cd, Pb and Zn in the vege-tables from all of the four studied gardens is over the maximum permissible level according to the Macedonian regu-lations. The content of Cd in washed green garlic samples ranges from 0.60 to 2.70 mg kg–1, for Pb from 4.30 to 6.14 mg kg–1 and for Zn from 11.7 to 29.9 mg kg–1, while their contents in the washed green onion samples ranges from 0.77 to 2.66 mg kg–1 for Cd, from 3.98 to 5.35 mg kg-1 for Pb and from 21.2 to 38.0 mg kg–1 for Zn.
STUDY OF THE USE OF THE THREE LEVELS OF THINKING AND REPRESENTATION
Authors: Stojanovska Marina , M. Petruševski Vladimir , Šoptrajanov Bojan
Published: August 2017

As is well-known, the chemical knowledge is acquired at three levels: the macroscopic and tangible (what can be seen, touched and/or smelt); the sub-microscopic (atoms, molecules, ions and structures) and the representational (symbols, formulae, equations, mathematical manipulation, graphs etc.). In order to acquire real knowledge, all factors involved in the educational process (authors of textbooks, teachers, electronic sources of information and students) should do everything possible to avoid formation of school-made erroneous notions (misconceptions). Reported here are the findings of a study on the presence of students’ misconceptions regarding the three levels of representation in the chemistry teaching in the Republic of Macedonia. As our study showed, many school-made misconceptions are due to the fact that students do not distinguish between the three levels of think-ing/representation.
AN OVERLOOKED IDENTITY IN NUMBER THEORY
Authors: Bozinovski Stevo
Published: August 2017

It is pointed out toward an overlooked identity in Number Theory. Using the observed identity, a new result in Number Theory is obtained, and a new proof of a previously known result is given. Educational aspects are also dis-cussed, pointing toward possible explanation why the observed identity, which looks trivial once observed, has not been pointed out so far.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION WITH HEAVY METALS IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
Authors: Stafilov Trajče Stafilov
Published: August 2017

An overview to the results from the application of various spectrometric (atomic absorption spectrometry, AAS; inductively coupled plasma – atomic emission spectrometry, ICP-AES; and inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry, ICP-MS) and radioanalytical (neutron activation analysis, NAA) techniques in environmental pollution studies in the Republic of Macedonia are presented. The results from the surveys of the pollution with heavy metals of soil, air and food are reported. The pollution with heavy metals in the particular regions was additionally investi-gated using moss, lichens, attic dust, soil, water and sediment samples. The results from the study of the pollution in the cities of Veles (lead and zinc smelter plant), Kavadarci (ferronickel smelter plant), Radoviš (copper mine and flo-tation), Probištip, Makedonska Kamenica and Kriva Palanka (lead and zinc mines and flotation plants) and Bitola and Kičevo (thermoelectric power plants) are presented.
ADVANCES IN POLYPROPYLENE BASED MATERIALS
Authors: Bogoeva-Gaceva Gordana
Published: August 2017

Polypropylene is an extremely versatile thermoplastic polymer known for its good performance/price ratio, ex-cellent heat, moisture and chemical resistance, favorable processing characteristics and recyclability. Due to its uni-versal properties, polypropylene is applied in numerous industrial fields such as electronic and electrical, automobile, textile, pipeline, etc. Furthermore, the progress in its synthesis and property modification in the last decade has con-tributed to the development of new polypropylene based materials with advanced performance. This review aims at reporting on some recent developments in polypropylene based materials, such as nanofibers, natural fiber reinforced composites, self-reinforced polypropylene and polypropylene/clay hybrids, that have replaced many types of engi-neering thermoplastics in high-performance applications.
HYDROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CAVE LAKE AND GROUND WATER FLOW IN THE CAVE OF SLATINSKI IZVOR IN THE DRY PERIOD OF THE YEAR
Authors: Gičevski Biljana , Hristovski Slavčo
Published: August 2017

The hydrochemical properties of the ground waters in the cave of Slatinski Izvor were analyzed monthly, from December 2011 to October 2013, in the dry period of the year (5 anions and 11 cations). Water was sampled at three points: the first one at 30 m from the cave’s entrance, the second one at 800 m from the cave’s entrance, and the third one in the cave lake at 1000 m distance from the cave’s entrance. Four methods (Piper diagram, Stiff diagram, Chadha diagram, and D’Amore diagram) were applied in order to determine the hydrochemical properties of the wa-ter samples. The results showed that all water samples have the same origin, all water samples belong to CaHCO3 water type, water has temporary hardness, and the aquifer is composed of dolomite and limestone.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ACADEMICIAN GLIGOR JOVANOVSKI
Authors: Jovanovski Gligor
Published: August 2017

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ACADEMICIAN GLIGOR JOVANOVSKI
NEW DATA ON TWO SUBTERRANEAN SPECIES OF THE FAMILY NIPHARGIDAE FROM SPAIN, NIPHARGUS GALLICUS SCHELL., 1935 AND N. DELAMAREI RUFFO, 1954 (CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE AMPHIPODA 282)
Authors: S. Karaman Gordan
Published: August 2017

New data of two poorly known subterranean species of the family Niphargidae (Amphipoda Gammar-idea) from Spain are presented. Niphargus gallicus Schellenberg, 1935, known from southern France and Romania, is discovered in the subterranean waters of NE Spain and redescribed in detail. The variability of N. gallicus in Spain regarding the known taxonomical characteristics of this species from France and Roma-nia is discussed. Niphargus delamarei Ruffo, 1954, was known from France and one locality in Spain, is discovered in wells of NE Spain, and often mixed with other Niphargus species. Some taxonomical charac-teristics and variability of this species are discussed.
SOIL MAPS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
Authors: Filipovski Gjorgji
Published: August 2017

The paper gives an overview of the history of preparation of 63 soil maps in printed and digital form, out of which 62 in a scale of 1 : 50 000 for a specific sections of the topographic maps, and one in a scale of 1 : 200 000 for the whole of the Republic of Macedonia. The Project for Preparation of Soil Map in a scale of 1 : 50.000 lasted al-most seven decades (from 1947 to 2015). In the final phase of this process, within a FAO project, soil maps in hard copy and digital format were edited, together with corresponding study books for soil properties and soil forming factors for 10 regions of the country. A similar study book was written for the soils of the whole country. In addition, a common legend has been developed for all soil maps with 63 cartographic units. All classifications used during this long period of soil survey have been described and served as a basis for compiling of all legends. The areas of all car-tographic units have been presented. The contents of all 11 soil studies have been described. Digitalization of all maps and the data base of soil characteristics were accomplished. For this purpose, an internet web-portal has been created (www.maksoil.ukim.mk). The results of the Project implementation were promoted and presented to the local scien-tific and professional public. The final works on the Project completion were financed by the FAO, UN Organization.
THE GENUS DRYOPTERIS (PTERIDOPHYTA: DRYOPTERIDACEAE) IN THE FLORA OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA – 30 YEARS AFTER MICEVSKI’S FLORA –
Authors: Melovski Ljupčo
Published: August 2017

This article presents the records about four new Buckler fern (Dryopteris) species for the territory of the Re-public of Macedonia and new data about the distribution of some rare Buckler fern species.Dryopteris is one of the most complex fern genera in Europe. Hybridization and apomixis among some of the spe-cies contribute to difficulties and uncertainties for identification of individual species. That, coupled with lack of research on ferns in Macedonia for the last 30 years, resulted in a low level of knowledge within this vascular plants’ group.The field research of the flora of Macedonia and thorough check of two herbaria (MKMEL and MKNH) in Skopje revealed presence of four new Buckler fern species in Macedonia: Dryopteris affinis subsp. jessenii, D. ore-ades, D. mindshelkensis and D. expansa. Additionlly, several other localities for rare species: D. borreri, D. dilatata and D. carthusiana were reported.Further research is needed to fill the remaining gaps, particularly in relation to identification of hybrids and more detailed study of the distribution pattern of rare Buckler fern species.
VEGETATION OF DECIDUOUS FORESTS IN THE BALKAN PENINSULA*
Authors: Čarni Andraž
Published: August 2017

The article provides an overview of deciduous forests of the Balkan Peninsula. It presents riverine, floodplain and moor forests, dominated by Alnus incana, A. glutinosa, Fraxinus excelsior, F. angustifolia, Quercus robur, Salix alba, Ulmus laevis, U. minor; acidophilous forests dominated by Betula pendula, Castanea sativa, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus petraea; thermophilous forests dominated by Carpinus orientalis, Ostrya carpinifolia, Quercus cerris, Q. farainetto, Q. petraea, Q. pubescens and mesophilous forests dominated by Carpinus betulus, Fagus sylvatica, F. orientalis, Fraxinus excelsior, Tilia argentea, T. cordata, T. platyphyllos, Ulmus glabra. At the same time, forests were classified into the synsystematic framework of the standard Central European system to the level of an alliance.
DRY GRASSLAND VEGETATION ON GALIČICA MOUNTAIN (SW MACEDONIA)
Authors: Ćušterevska Renata
Published: August 2017

This paper presents the dry grassland vegetation (Festuco-Brometea) on the Galičica Mountain. The research un-derlying this study was carried out in the period of 2009–2010 at several localities, on carbonate substrate from Ohrid and Prespa sides. Registered community of this type is subordinate to xerophilous vegetation of the Festuco-Brometea the order Astragalo-Potentilletalia Micevski [1] and alliance Saturejo-Thymion Micevski [2]. From the floristic compo-sition and the detailed phytocoenological analysis of the investigated vegetation it was concluded that it is represented by ass. Siderito montanae-Trifolietum dalmaticae ass. nova subass. erodietosum guicciardii subass. nova.
MACROPHAGE AGREGATES IN BROOK BARBEL BARBUS CF. PELOPONNESIUS SPLEEN AS INDICATORS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLUTION
Authors: Jordanova Maja , Naskovska Marija , Kostov Vasil , Rebok Katerina
Published: August 2017

Changes in fish macrophage aggregate centres (MACs) are a useful indicator of environmental stress. In this study we evaluated stereologically the values of these cells in the polluted sites compared to the clean site in the River Bregalnica. MACs aggregates were randomly distributed in spleen and often showed irregular form. Dominant pig-ment in them was hemosiderin. Relative volume of MACs aggregates showed significant higher value in brook barbel from polluted site. Total volume showed the same pattern, but differences were not significant. Our data confirm that increase in MACs aggregates may serve as to warn on potential pollution in aquatic ecosystems. However, the pre-caution is strongly suggested, as results were based on quantitative approach.
ON THE ‘TRUE POSITION’ OF HYDROGEN IN THE PERIODIC TABLE
Authors: M. Petruševski Vladimir , Cvetković Julijana
Published: August 2017

Several attempts are known lately intending to point to ‘the proper place’ for hydrogen (sometimes also helium) in the Periodic Table of the elements. There are altogether five different types of arguments that lead to the following conclusions: (1) Hydrogen should be placed in Group 1, above lithium; (2) Hydrogen should be placed in group 17, above fluorine; (3) Hydrogen is to be placed in group 14, above carbon; (4) Hydrogen should be positioned above both lithium and fluorine and (5) Hydrogen should be treated as a stand-alone element, in the center of the Periodic Table. Although all proposals are based on arguments, not all offered arguments sound equally convincing. An attempt is made, after critical reexamination of the offered arguments, to hopefully point to the best possible choice for the position of hydrogen. Few words are also mentioned on the structure of the Periodic Table and the (novel) attempts to reorganize it.
IN HONOUR OF BOJAN SOPTRAJANOV’S 80th BIRTHDAY
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: August 2017

On the occasion of the 80th anniversary of his birthday
SCIENCE EDUCATION AND THE TWO CULTURES
Authors: Trefil James
Published: August 2017

Thinking about a suitable topic to be put at the opening pages of this special issue dedicated to the 80th anniversary of academician Bojan Soptrajanov, we deemed more than appropriate to place the thought pro-voking overview of a big friend of Macedonia and the Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, our honorary professor James Trefil, a Clarence Robinson Professor of Physics, from the George Mason Uni-versity in Fairfax, Virginia. Prof. Trefil is a great scientist and even greater educator (the latter is known to anyone that has read at least one of the 50+ books written by him). The overview is on the (always relevant) topics like science, science education, science teaching and scientific literacy, as a need in a truly democratic society.
Human-Oriented Leadership and Organizational Commitment in US Subsidiary Company Based in Sarawak
Authors: Ismail Azman , Ishak Yusniati , Yusuf Munirah Hanim
Published: August 2017

This article was conducted to examine the relationship between human-oriented leadership (HOL) and organizational commitment. A survey method was employed to obtain data from the employees of one US subsidiary companybased in Sarawak. Results of the Partial Least Squares (SmartPLS) model analysis confirmed that participative leadership, supportive leadership, and empowerment act as important antecedents of organizational commitment.These findings reveal that the capability of managers practicing HOL styles (supportive, participative, and empowerment) has enhanced employees’ commitment to the organization.
Impact in Changing Price Fraction to the Stock Trading Indicators in Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Natalia Natalia , Mulyono Mulyono , Kurnianingrum Dian
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine how the impact of changes the price fraction to the stock trading indicator that is volume, value, and frequency of trading transactions. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. The results show that the volume of stock trading is not affected significantly by the implementation of the tick size, whereas for the value of trade and frequency of trade significantly affected.
ICT Memungkinkan Orang Bekerja dari Rumah: Studi Kasus pada Bank dan Kursus Online
Authors: Lisanti Yuliana
Published: August 2017

The Information technology and telecommunications (ICT - Information and Communication Technology) utilization to facilitate the home worker or teleworker has started being implemented in many companies. The study showed that the home worker offers benefits such as offering the flexibility to improve employee’s work-life balance, cost savings from hot desking implementation, which also support the clean desk policy implementation. In addition, the government needs to encourage firms to adopt the work from home concept, as it can helps to facilitate housewives hence they can have additional income, furthermore, the home worker  could help to solve social problems such as traffic congestion in major cities.
Strukturisasi Entity Relationship Diagram dan Data Flow Diagram Berbasis Business Event-Driven
Authors: Adi Suroto , Kristin Desi Maya
Published: August 2017

Entity relationship diagram (ERD) and data flow diagram (DFD) modeling are necessary parts in analysis and design of structured information systems in business. Definition of entities in the ERD, the process, and datastore in the DFD have well described in a lot of literatures. However, practically it is not easy to explain how to design ERD and DFD models so that the students well understand the modeling steps, especially in business applications. This study discussed step-by-step systematic approach to ERD and DFD modeling using "business event-driven" approach that is represented by the REA model, through structuring REA-ERD and REA-DFD. From the results we concluded that the logical design of ERD should be done before designing DFD, so that there would be perfect "balancing" between the entities in the ERD and data stores in the DFD. Consequently, the implementation of these steps needed to be tested both qualitatively and quantitatively in advanced researches