bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caracterização da comunidade liquênica corticícola de Porto Alegre e áreas adjacentes, RS, Brasil
Authors: Käffer Márcia Isabel , Alves Camila , Cáceres Marcela Eugenia da Silva , Martins Suzana Maria de Azevedo , Vargas Vera Maria Ferrão
Published: February 2012

Liquens são organismos em simbiose que habitam os mais diversos ambientes, entretanto em regiões urbanizadas a comunidade liquênica pode ser modificada devido à influência de fatores antrópicos. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a composição da comunidade liquênica corticícola na cidade de Porto Alegre e áreas adjacentes, assim como verificar a freqüência, cobertura e valor de importância dos táxons, apresentando uma chave de identificação para as espécies urbanas. Foram analisadas 300 forófitas distribuídas em 30 estações de amostragem divididas em 33 bairros da cidade. Foram registrados 144 táxons liquênicos com prováveis três novos registros para a ciência e dois novos registros para o Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. As espécies mais importantes na comunidade foram Canoparmelia texana (Tuck.) Elix & Hale e Dirinaria picta (Sw.) Schaer. ex Clem, as quais apresentaram os maiores valores de importância, freqüência e cobertura. O grande número de táxons encontrados nas áreas analisadas representa uma contribuição significante para as pesquisas na área da liquenologia, principalmente por serem utilizados em programas de monitoramento da qualidade do ar, bem como para avaliar a estrutura de ecossistemas florestais.
Modelo de programação matemática para controle do crescimento da vegetação sob redes de distribuição de energia elétrica
Authors: Apolinário Liliani A. V. , Mantovani José R. Sanches
Published: February 2012

Neste trabalho o problema da programação de execução de podas de árvores sob a rede de distribuição é formulado como um modelo matemático de programação binária. Neste modelo busca-se a redução das taxas de faltas devido à vegetação e a alocação otimizada de recursos humanos e financeiros, anuais, disponíveis pelas empresas distribuidoras para manutenção da vegetação sob a rede, de modo a não violar as restrições financeiras, os recursos humanos disponíveis pelas empresas e os índices de confiabilidade do sistema. Os índices de confiabilidade devido a interferência da vegetação são obtidos através da técnica de regressão dos dados da série histórica das faltas ocorridas devido à vegetação em cada alimentador. Para solução do modelo de otimização proposto utiliza-se um algoritmo genético de Chu-Beasley. A metodologia proposta é validada e testada em um sistema de distribuição aéreo de uma cidade de médio porte.
Efeito do tempo da aplicação de prostaglandina na resposta folicular em ovelhas durante o ciclo estral
Authors: Uribe-Velásquez Luis Fernando , Souza Maria Inês Lenz , Osorio Jose Henry
Published: February 2012

Avaliou-se a resposta ovariana, usando ultrassonografia transretal, à aplicação de duas injeções de prostaglandina (PGF2α) em diferentes intervalos. Foram utilizadas 14 fêmeas ovinas da raça Bergamácia durante a estação reprodutiva, sendo que todas receberam uma dose intramuscular de um análogo de PGF2α. As ovelhas foram distribuídas em dois grupos (n = 7). Em um dos grupos, a PGF2α foi administrada sete dias (PG7) e, no outro, nove dias (PG9) depois da ovulação, quando o folículo dominante da onda 2 encontrava-se nas fases de crescimento e platô, respectivamente. Examinaram-se os ovários diariamente, utilizando-se um ultrassom Aloka 500, provido de um transdutor linear transretal de 7,5 MHz. A ultrassonografia foi iniciada um dia antes da segunda aplicação de prostaglandina até o dia 10 depois da ovulação em ambos os grupos. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas, via punção jugular, a cada dia, para quantificação de progesterona. As concentrações plasmáticas de progesterona mostraram-se menores no PG7 quando comparado com o PG9, imediatamente antes do tratamento com a PGF2α (4,10 ± 0,17 vs 4,91 ± 0,29 ng/mL; respectivamente). A média do diâmetro máximo atingido pelo folículo dominante da onda 2 foi maior no grupo tratado PG7 comparado com o PG9 (5,5 ± 0,19 vs 4,29 ± 0,26 mm). Houve efeito do dia nos folículos totais. A quantidade de folículos pequenos (2-2,5 mm) foi maior (4,57 ± 0,78 versus 8,42 ± 1,36) no dia 6, nos grupos PG7 e PG9, respectivamente, mas não foram observadas mudanças nos folículos médios (3-3,5 mm) entre os grupos tratados. A proporção de folículos grandes (4 mm) aumentou depois da luteólise; os valores foram menores nas ovelhas tratadas no PG7 e mantiveram-se estáveis no tempo no PG9. Em ovelhas com rápida e completa luteólise, a ovulação ocorre no folículo dominante da onda 2 em fêmeas tratadas sete ou nove dias após a ovulação.
Effect of dietary levels of methionine + cystine on performance of broiler breeders
Authors: Gomes Paulo Cezar , Lima Cristina Amorim Ribeiro de , Calderano Arele Arlindo , Rostagno Horacio Santiago , Albino Luiz Fernando Teixeira
Published: February 2012

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate levels of methionine + cystine levels for broiler breeders from 40 to 60 weeks of age. It was used 288 Cobb broiler breeders, distributed in a randomized experimental design with six levels of methionine+ cystine in the diets (0.39; 0.47; 0.55; 0.63; 0.71 and 0.79%), eight repetitions and six breeders per experimental unit. The diets were isocaloric and isoprotein (2,850 kcal ME/kg and 12.58% CP) and oferred at a fixed amount (155 g) per bird. For the entire studied period, by using polynomial analysis, it was observed a quadratic effect of methionine + cystine levels on the percentage of egg production, on number of eggs per hen housed, on number of eggs per hen and egg weight. There was also a linear effect on shell weight when it was calculated in relation to egg weight. The total methionine + cystine requirement for broiler breeders was calculated at 0.521% for percentage of egg production and number of eggs per hen, which corresponds to a daily intake of 808 mg of methionine + cystine/day. The digestible methionine + cystine requirement for broiler breeders was estimated at 727 mg for laying percentage and number of eggs per hen.
Traços de temperamento associados ao transtorno afetivo bipolar: uma revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Vasconcelos Alina Gomide , Malloy-Diniz Leandro Fernandes , Nascimento Elizabeth do , Neves Fernando , Corrêa Humberto
Published: February 2012

Estudos associam características do temperamento ao mau ajustamento e desenvolvimento de transtornos psiquiátricos, entendendo-os como aspectos de vulnerabilidade à psicopatologia. O objetivo deste estudo é realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura a respeito dos traços de temperamento que caracterizam o transtorno afetivo bipolar em relação à população geral. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa sistemática sobre o tema nas bases de dados MEDLINE, PsycINFO e LILACS, utilizando os descritores bipolar disorder, temperament e/ou personality, no período compreendido entre janeiro de 2000 e dezembro de 2010. A consulta às bases de dados foi realizada em janeiro de 2011. A busca resultou em 199 artigos potenciais para compor a revisão. Após aplicação dos critérios de exclusão, 15 artigos foram selecionados para revisão e analisados na íntegra. Dentre os estudos selecionados, notou-se heterogeneidade no perfil das amostras e nos traços específicos de temperamento avaliados e respectivos instrumentos utilizados. Características de temperamento de pacientes bipolares são identificadas com base em diferentes modelos teóricos. De forma congruente, os resultados de cinco estudos apontaram que pacientes bipolares apresentam características relacionadas ao traço de personalidade denominado neuroticismo. Revisões futuras devem utilizar descritores mais específicos e restringir a busca a estudos com delineamento longitudinal.
Application of Bayesian ANN and RJMCMC to predict the grain size of hot strip low carbon steels
Authors: Botlani-Esfahani Mohsen , Toroghinejad Reza
Published: February 2012

Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Reversible Jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo
(RJMCMC) are used to predict the grain size of hot strip low carbon steels,
as a function of steel composition. Results show a good agreement with
experimental data taken from Mobarakeh Steel Company (MSC). The developed
model is capable of recognizing the role and importance of elements in grain
refinement. Furthermore, effects of these elements including manganese,
silicon and vanadium are investigated in the present study, which are in good
agreement with the literature.
Acute compartment syndrome in the pelvic limb of a cow following biopsy of a skeletal muscle-associated hemangiosarcoma
Authors: Vogel Susan R. , Desrochers André , Lanthier Isabelle , Strina Marion , Babkine Marie
Published: February 2012

Case Description—A 6-year-old Holstein cow was examined because of chronic lameness and swelling near the stifle joint of the left pelvic limb.

Clinical Findings—A mass was palpated in the soft tissues lateral to the proximal aspect of the left tibia. Multiple attempts to obtain a biopsy specimen of the mass resulted in acute compartment syndrome of the femoral compartment (tensor fasciae latae and biceps femoris muscles) and lateral tibial compartment (cranial tibial and peroneus tertius muscles) with associated sciatic nerve paralysis.

Treatment and Outcome—Surgical decompression via tensor fasciae latae and biceps femoris incision resolved the sciatic nerve paralysis. On the fifth day following surgery, the cow began to develop signs of increased respiratory effort. Thoracic radiography revealed a pulmonary metastatic micronodular pattern. The cow was euthanized because its condition deteriorated. Metastatic hemangiosarcoma was confirmed at necropsy, and the primary tumor was the mass that was lateral to the tibia and within the biceps femoris muscle.

Clinical Relevance—Hemangiosarcoma should be considered a differential diagnosis for lameness in cattle when no orthopedic cause can be identified. Close patient surveillance is strongly recommended in the event that a vascular tumor is present because catastrophic consequences are possible. To our knowledge, this is the first report of acute compartment syndrome in a pelvic limb of a bovine patient and the only report of hemangiosarcoma in the skeletal muscle of cattle.
Removal of Mid Spatial-Frequency Features in Mirror Segments
Authors: Yu G. , Li H. , Walker D.
Published: February 2012

BoX™ grinding technology has been adopted in our E-ELT segment process. The mid-spatial frequency features generated can be removed by several ‘smoothing’ processes. We have reported here a novel method that can smooth these features whilst avoiding edge down-turn. This process can be scaled up to E-ELT segment fabrication time-scale. It has been experimentally demonstrated that the surface quality is good enough for subsequent Zeeko form correction technology to achieve form specifications.
Scalar Readout Model for the Super-Rens Focused Spot
Authors: Assafrao Alberto C. , Pereira Silvania F. , Urbach H. Paul
Published: February 2012

A scalar readout model is presented to investigate the readout characteristics of the super resolution near field disc. The super resolution effect is described by means of a threshold model, where the super resolution material imparts a phase change on the focused spot if the laser density energy is high enough to trigger the SRens effect. This approach results in a very fast way of computing the basic characteristics of the SRens readout signal, being suitable for large investigations. Moreover, many simulation results have been experimentally confirmed by other groups, which further validates the model. Thus, this simplified model is an useful tool for a better comprehension of the readout signal of the super resolution effect in optical data storage and other super resolution applications.
Molecular Beam-Thermal Desorption Spectrometry (MB-TDS) Monitoring of Hydrogen Desorbed from Storage Fuel Cell Anodes
Authors: Lobo Rui F. M. , Santos Diogo M. F. , Sequeira Cesar A. C. , Ribeiro Jorge H. F.
Published: February 2012

Different types of experimental studies are performed using the hydrogen storage alloy (HSA) MlNi3.6Co0.85Al0.3Mn0.3 (Ml: La-rich mischmetal), chemically surface treated, as the anode active material for application in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The recently developed molecular beam—thermal desorption spectrometry (MB-TDS) technique is here reported for detecting the electrochemical hydrogen uptake and release by the treated HSA. The MB-TDS allows an accurate determination of the hydrogen mass absorbed into the hydrogen storage alloy (HSA), and has significant advantages in comparison with the conventional TDS method. Experimental data has revealed that the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) using such chemically treated alloy presents an enhanced surface capability for hydrogen adsorption.
Degree of Branching in Hyperbranched Poly(glycerol-co-diacid)s Synthesized in Toluene
Authors: Wyatt Victor T. , Strahan Gary D.
Published: February 2012

1H NMR and 13C NMR spectrometry (1-dimensional and 2-dimensional) have been used to assign chemical resonances and determine the degrees of branching for polyesters synthesized by the Lewis acid (dibutyltin(IV)oxide)-catalyzed polycondensation of glycerol with either succinic acid (n (aliphatic chain length) = 2), glutaric acid (n = 3) or azelaic acid (n = 7) in quasi-melt solutions with toluene. When 1:1 and 2:1 (diacid:glycerol) molar ratios were used, it was found that the glutaric acid-derived polymers gave the highest degree of polymer branching (31.2%, 85.6%, respectively) after the 24 h reaction period followed by the succinic acid-derived polymers (39.4%, 41.9%, respectively) and the azelaic acid-derived polymers (9.9%, 13.9%, respectively). Reactions performed at reflux for 24 h resulted in a 70.8% and 56.7% decrease in degree of branching for succinic acid and glutaric acid-derived polyesters, respectively. There is no indication that degree of branching is significantly affected by the presence or absence of solvent according to the results obtained in this research.
An LDPC Decoder Architecture for Wireless Sensor Network Applications
Authors: Biroli Andrea Dario Giancarlo , Martina Maurizio , Masera Guido
Published: February 2012

The pervasive use of wireless sensors in a growing spectrum of human activities reinforces the need for devices with low energy dissipation. In this work, coded communication between a couple of wireless sensor devices is considered as a method to reduce the dissipated energy per transmitted bit with respect to uncoded communication. Different Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes are considered to this purpose and post layout results are shown for a low-area low-energy decoder, which offers percentage energy savings with respect to the uncoded solution in the range of 40%–80%, depending on considered environment, distance and bit error rate.
Developing a Comparative Docking Protocol for the Prediction of Peptide Selectivity Profiles: Investigation of Potassium Channel Toxins
Authors: Chen Po-Chia , Kuyucak Serdar
Published: February 2012

During the development of selective peptides against highly homologous targets, a reliable tool is sought that can predict information on both mechanisms of binding and relative affinities. These tools must first be tested on known profiles before application on novel therapeutic candidates. We therefore present a comparative docking protocol in HADDOCK using critical motifs, and use it to “predict” the various selectivity profiles of several major αKTX scorpion toxin families versus Kv1.1, Kv1.2 and Kv1.3. By correlating results across toxins of similar profiles, a comprehensive set of functional residues can be identified. Reasonable models of channel-toxin interactions can be then drawn that are consistent with known affinity and mutagenesis. Without biological information on the interaction, HADDOCK reproduces mechanisms underlying the universal binding of αKTX-2 toxins, and Kv1.3 selectivity of αKTX-3 toxins. The addition of constraints encouraging the critical lysine insertion confirms these findings, and gives analogous explanations for other families, including models of partial pore-block in αKTX-6. While qualitatively informative, the HADDOCK scoring function is not yet sufficient for accurate affinity-ranking. False minima in low-affinity complexes often resemble true binding in high-affinity complexes, despite steric/conformational penalties apparent from visual inspection. This contamination significantly complicates energetic analysis, although it is usually possible to obtain correct ranking via careful interpretation of binding-well characteristics and elimination of false positives. Aside from adaptations to the broader potassium channel family, we suggest that this strategy of comparative docking can be extended to other channels of interest with known structure, especially in cases where a critical motif exists to improve docking effectiveness.
Cement-in-cement Acetabular Revision With a Constrained Tripolar Component
Authors: Leonidou Andreas , Pagkalos Joseph , Luscombe Jonathan
Published: February 2012

Dislocation of a total hip replacement (THR) is common following total hip arthroplasty (THA). When nonoperative management fails to maintain reduction, revision surgery is considered. The use of constrained acetabular liners has been extensively described. Complete removal of the old cement mantle during revision THA can be challenging and is associated with significant complications. Cement-in-cement revision is an established technique. However, the available clinical and experimental studies focus on femoral stem revision. The purpose of this study was to present a case of cement-in-cement acetabular revision with a constrained component for recurrent dislocations and to investigate the current best evidence for this technique.

This article describes the case of a 74-year-old woman who underwent revision of a Charnley THR for recurrent low-energy dislocations. A tripolar constrained acetabular component was cemented over the primary cement mantle following removal of the original liner by reaming, roughening the surface, and thoroughly irrigating and drying the primary cement. Clinical and radiological results were good, with the Oxford Hip Score improving from 11 preoperatively to 24 at 6 months postoperatively.

The good short-term results of this case and the current clinical and biomechanical data encourage the use of the cement-in-cement technique for acetabular revision. Careful irrigation, drying, and roughening of the primary surface are necessary.
Aberrant Iliac Artery: Far Lateral Lumbosacral Surgical Anatomy
Authors: Delasotta Lawrence A. , Radcliff Kris , Sonagli Marcos A. , Miller Luciano
Published: February 2012

A 44-year-old man presented after 3 weeks of progressively worsening atraumatic onset pain in the right anteromedial thigh. The pain was sharp and radiated to the anteromedial shin and medial foot. The patient had no associated weakness, numbness, or bowel/bladder dysfunction. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, pain, and neuropathic-relieving drugs had limited effect. He underwent interlaminar injections, which provided transient relief of his shin symptoms.

After conservative management failed, a spine surgeon (not affiliated with our practice) recommended an anterior lumbar interbody fusion via far lateral approach. The patient presented to our spine clinic for a second opinion. Closed magnetic resonance imaging revealed an aberrant iliac artery impinging on the lumbar plexus and a foraminal herniation at L4–L5 on the right, an orientation more lateral than expected or seen on the contralateral side. We recommended physical therapy that focused on core strength and adequate stretching prior to considering surgery. The patient’s symptoms have since resolved. Common iliac artery anomalies are rare. No known incidence exists. The finding in this case was incidental and, if missed, could have led to vascular compromise. To prevent such an injury during minimally invasive (transpsoas lateral approach) spine surgery, we recommend careful examination of radiographs for aberrant vessels.
Can matter and spirit be mediated through language? Some insights from Johann Georg Hamann
Authors: Tönsing Detlev
Published: February 2012

The Enlightenment introduced to European philosophy and thought-patterns the strict dichotomy between res extensa and res cogitans; that is, matter and spirit. How to overcome the dichotomy and conceive of the interactions between these planes of reality has since become an overarching issue for philosophers. The theory of evolution, as founded by Charles Darwin, understands human beings, with their ability to think, to have arisen in the evolutionary process. Neuroscience utilises insights from the theory of complex systems to attempt to understand how perception, thought and self-awareness can arise as a consequence of the complex system that is the brain. However, already at the height of the Enlightenment, a contemporary and critic of Immanuel Kant, Johann Georg Hamann, suggested a metaphor for understanding the interrelationship of matter and thought. This metaphor is language. The appropriateness of this metaphor can be seen both in the importance that language abilities play in the evolutionary transition to the human species and in the characteristics of complex adaptive systems.
Tarnania fenestralis (Meigen, 1818) (Díptera: Micetophilidae) associated with the fungus Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quél.
Authors: Tobar Veronica , Notario Antonio , Castresana Luis Miguel
Published: February 2012

Extensive natural mushroom cultivations of Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quél. were studied in their main productive area, the northwest of Segovia province, Spain, identifying a new parasite for this fungus, Tarnania fenestralis (Meigen, 1818) (Diptera: Micetophilidae). The prevalence of parasitization reaches 20.4% of the yield, the main damage being in the destruction of internal tissues of the carpophores, resulting in crop depreciation. Due to the high incidence of parasitization by the dipteran in the mushroom, as well as its abundance, the nematocerous fungivore T. fenestralis may be considered the main and most important parasite of extensive P. eryngii productions of all the zone in which the investigation is made.
Carbon and Nutrients Stocks in Even-Aged Maritime Pine Stands from Portugal
Authors: Nunes Luís , Patrício Maria , Tomé José , Tomé Margarida
Published: February 2012

To comply with the demands of the Kyoto Protocol, industrialized countries must reliably estimate the stored carbon (C) in different pools of forest ecosystems. The main objective of this study was to quantify the biomass, C and nutrients stocks in the forest floor, understory, downed dead wood (DDW) and mineral soil of even-aged maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) stands from three contrasting regions of Portugal. Assessing the specific contribution of DDW to the C and nutrients stocks and how C concentration in the plant material differs from 0.50, the reference value used in many practical applications, were also objectives of this research. Biomass content of forest floor was determined by a quadrat method. Sampling units of 1 m2 were used for the understory. The line intersection method was adopted for sampling DDW and the mineral soil was sampled at three depths. Concentrations of C and nutrients were obtained by chemical analysis of samples from soil and milled plant material. Biomass and C in the trees were obtained using published equations. Total C stocks ranged between 100.6 Mg ha–1 and 308.6 Mg ha–1. Mineral soil shared up to 70-74% of global stored C, being the main cause of the global C stock differences among regions. Phosphorous and potassium were at low to very low levels in the mineral soil and plant material. The contribution of DDW to the C and nutrients pools was negligible. The percentage of C in the plant material ranged between 52% and 54%.
Dielectric analysis of high‐density polyethylene‐graphite composites for capacitor and EMI shielding application
Authors: Panwar Varij , Mehra R. M. , Park Jong‐Oh , Park Suk‐ho
Published: February 2012

In this article, we present and analyze the dielectric properties of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)‐graphite(Gr) composites in low and radio frequency ranges for capacitor and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding application, respectively. The HDPE‐Gr composites were prepared by mixing and the hot compression mold technique. The dielectric constant and AC conductivity of HDPE‐Gr composites according to graphite volume fraction follow the power law model of percolation theory. The percolation threshold of the composites was estimated to be 0.039 (∼ 7 wt % of Gr). The HDPE‐Gr composites exhibited high dielectric constants, high dissipation factors, and high AC conductivities at a certain addition of graphite in low frequency and radio frequency regions. The AC conductivity of the composites with the higher content of graphite depicted frequency independency in low and radio frequency region. The EMI shielding properties of the HDPE‐Gr composites was evaluated in the radio frequency region and it was found that the maximum EMI shielding of the composites was obtained. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Signaling in Embryo Neurodevelopment
Authors: Psychoyos Delphine , Vinod K. Yaragudri , Cao Jin , Xie Shan , Hyson Richard L. , Wlodarczyk Bogdan , He Weimin , Cooper Thomas B. , Hungund Basalingappa L. , Finnell Richard H.
Published: February 2012

In utero exposure to tetrahydrocannabinol, the psychoactive component of marijuana, is associated with an increased risk for neurodevelopmental defects in the offspring by interfering with the functioning of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system. At the present time, it is not clearly known whether the eCB system is present before neurogenesis. Using an array of biochemical techniques, we analyzed the levels of CB1 receptors, eCBs (AEA and 2‐AG), and the enzymes (NAPE‐PLD, DAGLα, DAGLβ, MAGL, and FAAH) involved in the metabolism of the eCBs in chick and mouse models during development. The findings demonstrate the presence of eCB system in early embryo before neurogenesis. The eCB system might play a critical role in early embryogenesis and there might be adverse developmental consequences of in utero exposure to marijuana and other drugs of abuse during this period.
The Effect of Adriamycin Exposure on the Notochord of Mouse Embryos
Authors: Hajduk Piotr , May Alison , Puri Prem , Murphy Paula
Published: February 2012

The notochord has important structural and signaling properties during vertebrate development with key roles in patterning surrounding tissues, including the foregut. The adriamycin mouse model is an established model of foregut anomalies where exposure of embryos in utero to the drug adriamycin leads to malformations including oesophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. In addition to foregut abnormalities, treatment also causes branching, displacement, and hypertrophy of the notochord. Here, we explore the hypothesis that the notochord may be a primary target of disruption leading to abnormal patterning of the foregut by examining notochord position and structure in early embryos following adriamycin exposure. Treated (n = 46) and control (n = 30) embryos were examined during the crucial period when the notochord normally delaminates away from the foregut endoderm (6–28 somite pairs). Transverse sections were derived from the anterior foregut and analyzed by confocal microscopy following immunodetection of extracellular matrix markers E‐cadherin and Laminin. In adriamycin‐treated embryos across all stages, the notochord was abnormally displaced ventrally with prolonged attachment to the foregut endoderm. While E‐cadherin was normally detected in the foregut endoderm with no expression in the notochord of control embryos, treated embryos up to 24 somites showed ectopic notochordal expression indicating a change in characteristics of the tissue; specifically an increase in intracellular adhesiveness, which may be instrumental in structural changes, affecting mechanical and signaling properties. This is consistent with disruption of the notochord leading to altered signaling to the foregut causing abnormal patterning and congenital foregut malformations.
Factors influencing the quality of total mesorectal excision
Authors: Garlipp B , Ptok H , Schmidt U , Stübs P , Scheidbach H , Meyer F , Gastinger I , Lippert H
Published: February 2012

Background

Total mesorectal excision (TME) has become the standard of care for rectal cancer. Incomplete TME may lead to local recurrence.

Methods

Data from the multicentre observational German Quality Assurance in Rectal Cancer Trial were used. Patients undergoing low anterior resection for rectal cancer between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2009 were included. Multivariable analysis using a stepwise logistic regression model was performed to identify predictors of suboptimal TME.

Results

From a total of 6179 patients, complete data sets for 4606 patients were available for analysis. Pathological tumour category higher than T2 (pT3 versus pT1/2: odds ratio (OR) 1·22, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·01 to 1·47), tumour distance from the anal verge less than 8 cm (OR 1·27, 1·05 to 1·53), advanced age (65–80 years: OR 1·25, 1·03 to 1·52; over 80 years: OR 1·60, 1·15 to 2·22), presence of intraoperative complications (OR 1·63, 1·15 to 2·30), monopolar dissection technique (OR 1·43, 1·14 to 1·79) and low case volume (fewer than 20 procedures per year) of the operating surgeon (OR 1·20, 1·06 to 1·36) were independently associated with moderate or poor TME quality.

Conclusion

TME quality was influenced by patient- and treatment-related factors.
Phthalocyanine
Authors: Wöhrle Dieter , Schnurpfeil Günter , Makarov Sergey , Suvora Olga
Published: February 2012

Phthalocyanine, bereits seit 75 Jahren als blaue und dann als grüne Pigmente produziert, gehören zu den wichtigsten organischen Farbmitteln. Farbechtheit, ‐homogenität, ‐intensität und ‐stabilität verbunden mit einfachem synthetischem Zugang sind die Voraussetzungen für die Anwendung dieses großen, meist planaren aromatischen π‐Systems als Farbmittel. In den letzten Jahren haben die Phthalocyanine auch Anwendung in CD/Rs, als blaue und grüne Farben in LCDs, als Photoleiter in Laserdruckern, p‐Leiter und Absorber in organischen Solarzellen gefunden. Das System zeichnet sich durch eine große Variabilität aus (unterschiedliche Substituenten am und Metalle/Halbmetalle im Liganden), um gezielt verschiedene gewünschte Eigenschaften einzustellen. Somit sind Phthalocyanine auch vielversprechend für gänzlich neue Bereiche.
Nanoconfinement Effects: Glucose Oxidase Reaction Kinetics in Nanofluidics
Authors: Wang Chen , Sheng Zhen‐Huan , Ouyang Jun , Xu Jing‐Juan , Chen Hong‐Yuan , Xia Xing‐Hua
Published: February 2012

Size‐tunable nanofluidic devices coupled to an electrochemical detector have been designed and then used to study glucose oxidase (GOx) reaction kinetics confined in nanospaces. The devices are fabricated via a photochemical decomposition reaction, which forms nanochannels covered with carboxyl groups. The generated carboxyl groups enable us to chemically pattern biological molecules on the polymer surfaces via covalent bonding. With this approach, the activity of the immobilized biological molecules confined in nanospaces with different sizes has been investigated. GOx species are chemically immobilized on the surface of the nanochannels, catalyzing the oxidation of substrate glucose as it flows through the channels. The enzyme reaction product, hydrogen peroxide, passing through the nanochannels, reaches an electrochemical detector, giving rise to an increase in anodic current. This steady‐state electrochemical current, which responds to various glucose concentrations, can be used to evaluate the GOx activity under confinement conditions. The results show significant nanoconfinement effects that are dependent on the channel size where the reaction occurs, demonstrating the importance of spatial confinement on the GOx reaction kinetics. The present approach provides an effective method for the study of enzyme activity and other bioassay systems, such as cell assays, drug discovery, and clinical diagnosis.
(−)‐(1R,2R,7S,8aR)‐1,2,7‐Trihydroxyindolizidine ((−)‐7S‐OH‐Lentiginosine): Synthesis and Proapoptotic Activity
Authors: Cordero Franca M. , Bonanno Paola , Khairnar Bhushan B. , Cardona Francesca , Brandi Alberto , Macchi Beatrice , Minutolo Antonella , Grelli Sandro , Mastino Antonio
Published: February 2012

An improved approach for the preparation of enantiopure 3,4‐bis‐tert‐butoxypyrroline N‐oxides is presented. Etherification of 1‐benzylpyrrolidine‐3,4‐diol with tBuOAc/HClO4 and subsequent N‐debenzylation and pyrrolidine oxidation with oxone affords the cyclic nitrone reliably and in superior yield. The enantiomer derived from D‐tartaric acid was exploited in a modified synthesis of (−)‐7S‐OH‐lentiginosine. The activity of this trihydroxy indolizidine in inducing the apoptosis of tumour cell lines of lymphoid and epithelial origin is examined.
Do Investors Value Sustainability Reports? A Canadian Study
Authors: Berthelot Sylvie , Coulmont Michel , Serret Vanessa
Published: February 2012

The publication of sustainability reports has increased significantly in most western countries in recent years. The fact that this type of reporting is on a voluntary basis in a number of countries raises questions about whether capital markets take these reports into account. This study attempts to address this question, drawing on a sample of Canadian companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange. The results suggest that investors positively value this type of reporting. These findings support the relevance of initiatives like the Global Reporting Initiative, the UN Global Compact, and that launched by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which focus on the development of recognized guidelines for sustainability reporting. Our findings can also serve as arguments to facilitate a firm's voluntary commitment to such types of disclosures. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Genetic Epidemiology with a Capital E: Where Will We Be in Another 10 Years?
Authors: Thomas Duncan C.
Published: February 2012

In a commentary on the evolution of the field of genetic epidemiology over the past 10 years, Khoury et al. (2011) highlight several important developments, including the emergence of evaluation of genetic discoveries for their translational utility and of standards for reporting genetic findings. In this companion to their article, I reflect on some of these trends and speculate about the direction of the field in the future. In particular, I emphasize the opportunities posed by novel technologies like next‐generation sequencing and the biological insights emerging from integrative genomics, but I also question the utility of large consortia. The basic principles of population‐based research and the importance of taking account of the environment remain important to the field.
Carcinosarcoma de novo of the parotid gland: Case report
Authors: Taki Nizar H. , Laver Nora , Quinto Tobi , Wein Richard O.
Published: February 2012

Background

Salivary gland carcinosarcoma is a rare and aggressive malignant mixed tumor in which carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements coexist and metastasize together. The tumor may occur in the background of a preexisting pleomorphic adenoma or may arise de novo. We report a case of a woman presenting with a carcinosarcoma de novo of the parotid gland.

Methods and Results

Our patient underwent surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy and demonstrates no evidence of recurrence at 14 months posttreatment.

Conclusions

Review of the literature supports combined modality, surgery with postoperative radiation, as the standard of care for this malignancy, although the long‐term prognosis for these patients is unclear. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Lipoleiomyosarcoma of the larynx
Authors: Trijolet J. P. , Lescanne E. , Morinière S. , Robier A. , Bakhos D.
Published: February 2012

Background

Lipoleiomyosarcoma is a rare tumor consisting of well‐differentiated liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma. The ear–nose–throat location of lipoleiomyosarcoma has not been previously described.

Methods and Results

A 37‐year‐old man with a dysphagia had a dyspnea after an endoscopy. A large tumor was exteriorized from the man's mouth. The lesion was pedicled to the epiglottis. A histologic examination determined that the tumor was a lipoleiomyosarcoma. MDM2 and CDK4 gene amplification were positive. Due to the risk of recurrence, a second intervention was performed to complete the excision.

Conclusion

These tumors develop in cavities slowly and gradually. The treatment of this lesion is surgical with a sufficient resection margin. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Interstrain differences in liver injury and one-carbon metabolism in alcohol-fed mice
Authors: Tsuchiya Masato , Ji Cheng , Kosyk Oksana , Shymonyak Svitlana , Melnyk Stepan , Kono Hiroshi , Tryndyak Volodymyr , Muskhelishvili Levan , Pogribny Igor P. , Kaplowitz Neil , Rusyn Ivan
Published: February 2012

Alcoholic liver injury is a major public health issue worldwide. Even though the major mechanisms of this disease have been established over the past decades, little is known about genetic susceptibility factors that may predispose individuals who abuse alcoholic beverages to liver damage and subsequent pathological conditions. We hypothesized that a panel of genetically diverse mouse strains may be used to examine the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and one-carbon metabolism in the mechanism of interindividual variability in alcoholic liver injury. We administered alcohol (up to 27 mg/kg/d) in a high-fat diet using an intragastric intubation model for 28 days to male mice from 14 inbred strains (129S1/SvImJ, AKR/J, BALB/cJ, BALB/cByJ, BTBR T+tf/J, C3H/HeJ, C57BL/10J, DBA/2J, FVB/NJ, KK/HIJ, MOLF/EiJ, NZW/LacJ, PWD/PhJ, and WSB/EiJ). Profound interstrain differences (more than 3-fold) in alcohol-induced steatohepatitis were observed among the strains in spite of consistently high levels of urine alcohol that were monitored throughout the study. We found that ER stress genes were induced only in strains with the most liver injury. Liver glutathione and methyl donor levels were affected in all strains, albeit to a different degree. The most pronounced effects that were closely associated with the degree of liver injury were hyperhomocysteinemia and strain-dependent differences in expression patterns of one-carbon metabolism-related genes. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that strain differences in alcohol-induced liver injury and steatosis are striking and independent of alcohol exposure and the most severely affected strains exhibit major differences in the expression of ER stress markers and genes of one-carbon metabolism. (HEPATOLOGY 2012;56:130–139)
A Direct Immersion System for Peptide Enrichment
Authors: Tai Dar‐Fu , Lin Yee‐Fung , Lu Kuo‐Hao , Chen Guan‐Yu , Shu Hun‐Chi
Published: February 2012

A complementary peptide separation and purification system, using a novel, artificial, affinity‐type extraction material, is described. Cellulose paper was first coated with a 3‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) layer, followed by imprinting with peptides, to form an approximately 2‐μm layer of film (molecularly imprinted polymer film; MIPF) on both sides and resulted in an increased affinity toward the corresponding template as well as to matched polypeptides. MIPF‐cellulose paper (MIFC) was immersed in 2% peptide solution (acetonitrile/water) for the sorption of targeted‐peptides at room temperature for an hour in a 96‐well microtiter plate. Desorption of targeted‐peptides from the MIPF‐ and NIPF (non‐imprinted polymeric film)‐coated filter papers was nearly complete (∼99%) in two desorptions of 10 min using 5% acetic acid in water. Clean extracts of targeted‐peptides were obtained demonstrating the suitability of MIPF‐coated filter papers for the extraction or analysis of biological samples. To compare their extraction characteristics under various conditions, analyses were carried out by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) microplate reader as peptide‐detecting/peptide‐capturing microarrays. In load ability studies using acetonitrile/water, peptide masses up to 100 μg could be applied onto a piece of MIPF coated filter paper (0.7 cm in diameter).
Forensic Application of Atomic Force Microscopy ― Questioned Document
Authors: Chen Syuan‐Zhen , Tsai Tung‐Lin , Chen Yung‐Fou
Published: February 2012

As the field of nanotechnology develops several material and structure in nano‐scale has become part of our daily life. By the steady improvement of current nanotechnology and detection methods, scientific discovery can progress considerably in the long run. Recently, these precise detecting methods have caught the eyes of forensic circle around the world. One of the most notable is atomic force microscopy (AFM), which performs imaging based on the interactive force between the probe and the sample surface. Compared to other optical microscopy, in the area of detecting surface on nano‐scale, AFM demonstrates several advantages such as its non‐destructive nature and its ability to produce high resolution images and detect different properties of a sample (height, viscoelasticity, and electromagnetism). In Taiwan, this area still remains untouched, although many notable applications of this technique have been reported. This report follows the developments mentioned above, utilizes the advantages of AFM, progressing the first step in analyzing forensic exhibits. It is our hope that AFM will become a new detection method in the domestic forensic area, and allow us to keep up with international developments.
A numerical meshless particle method in solving the magnetoencephalography forward problem
Authors: Ala G. , Di Blasi G. , Francomano E.
Published: February 2012

In this paper, a numerical meshless particle method is presented in order to solve the magnetoencephalography forward problem for analyzing the complex activation patterns in the human brain. The forward problem is devoted to compute the scalp potential and magnetic field distribution generated by a set of current sources representing the neural activity, and in this paper, it has been approached by means of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method suitably handled. The Poisson equation generated by the quasi‐stationary Maxwell's curl equations, by assuming Neumann boundary conditions has been considered, and the current sources have been simulated by current dipoles. The adopted meshless particle model has provided good results in agreement with the analytical ones and by overcoming the drawback of the mesh generation. The numerical model has been validated, at first, in computing the electric potential and the external magnetic field for a dipole plunged near the upper surface of a homogeneous sphere simulating the human brain. Simulation results obtained by simulating two concentric spheres with different conductivities are also reported. Moreover, in order to better assess the validity of the proposed approach, a realistic human brain cortex model has been also simulated and compared with boundary element method results. A satisfactory agreement has been reached. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tocopherols in rose hips (Rosa spp.) during ripening
Authors: Andersson Staffan C , Olsson Marie E , Gustavsson Karl‐Erik , Johansson Eva , Rumpunen Kimmo
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND: Rose hips are used as a food ingredient and in health products. They are rich in various bioactive compounds such as carotenoids and vitamin C, but data on their vitamin E content (tocopherols and tocotrienols) are limited. In this study, four different species ofRosa were analysed for tocopherol and tocotrienol content during ripening in three different years.

RESULTS: Only α‐ and γ‐tocopherol were found in the fleshy parts of the rose hips, and the tocopherol content and vitamin E activity varied depending on date of harvesting, species and year. The amount of vitamin E activity differed between species of Rosa and years, whereas the changes during ripening were relatively small.

CONCLUSION: The choice of species must be considered if tocopherol content is to be optimised when rose hips are used as a food ingredient. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Living with rotationplasty—Quality of life in rotationplasty patients from childhood to adulthood
Authors: Forni Cristiana , Gaudenzi Noemi , Zoli Marina , Manfrini Marco , Benedetti Maria Grazia , Pignotti Elettra , Chiari Paolo
Published: February 2012

Background

Knowledge about the long‐term sequelae of rotationplasty, in adults treated surgically in childhood for Osteosarcoma in the lower limb, mainly concerns function and performance; the aim of this study is to explore the experience and the Quality of Life (QoL) of the patients who underwent Rotationplasty from 1986 to 2006 in Italy.

Methods

Quantitative test: Administration SF‐36 questionnaire to 20 subjects aged ≥16 years. Qualitative test: Semi‐structured interview recorded in 10 of these subjects.

Results

Greater well‐being was found in the Mental Component Summary (MCS) scale of subjects aged over 24 years, with a score mean of 54.2 (±4.8), compared with that of those aged up to 24 years, with a mean score of 48.0 (±6.6), P = 0.04. Relational and emotional difficulty in adolescence, which had been partially overcome in adulthood, was revealed.

Conclusions

The assessment of QoL by the SF‐36 questionnaire was effective, and a correspondence was found between what emerged from the quantitative study and the contents of the interview. Knowing the strengths and weaknesses that were highlighted is indispensable for parents and operators when choosing among the various surgical options and to facilitate coming to terms with the injury and the “scars”. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012;105:331–336. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.