bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EDUCAÇÃO (ESPECIAL), MÉTODOS DE ENSINO E INSTITUIÇÕES DESTINADAS À SURDEZ EM PORTUGAL: VISÃO SOCIOHISTÓRICA NO SÉC. XIX E INÍCIOS DO XX
Authors: Martins Ernesto Candeias
Published: August 2020

O estudo de índole histórico-descritivo trata sobre a educação especial às crianças surdas-mudas no séc. XIX e começos do XX, em Portugal. O seu marco conceptual assenta em fontes documentais e arquivísticas e de outras fontes secundárias no âmbito da História da Educação (Especial) sobre surdos. A nossa argumentação historiográfica, de teor hermenêutico (analítica) incide na educação, ações de ensino (métodos) aos surdos e nas iniciativas institucionais para essas pessoas com deficiência sensorial, ditas ‘anormais’ na época. O debate entre as técnicas de ensino aos surdos (oralismo, gestualismo), no âmbito de uma pedagogia diferenciada, acompanhou as tendências europeias divulgadas (métodos: francês e alemão). Em oitocentos, criaram-se classes/aulas e instituições, com o apoio dos municípios e misericórdias (Lisboa, Porto) e de filantropos ou beneméritos, destacando-se o papel da Casa Pia de Lisboa, instituição pioneira na educação dos surdos-mudos. Os nossos objetivos são os seguintes: compreender a existência de uma pedagogia nacional para os surdos (séc. XIX e parte do XX) e respetivas iniciativas educativas; analisar os métodos ou técnicas de ensino (oralista, gestual) seguidos por alguns pedagogos em instituições; compreender a organização de estudos do Real Instituto para surdos-mudos da Casa Pia e as principais características de aprendizagem. Este retrospecto histórico sobre educação da surdez intenta configurar práticas, orientações metodológicas e propostas educacionais, algumas diferentes, que desenvolveram muitas capacidades nos surdos, apesar de limitações. Toda esta visão historiográfica feita em 4 pontos do texto permitiu conhecer os caminhos percorridos pela comunidade surda, as suas dificuldades e lutas e as formas de intervenção.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Denis Ireland Timothy , De Castro Teixeira Inês Assunção
Published: August 2020

Nos últimos dez anos, vários avanços foram conquistados no campo da educação para pessoas privadas de liberdade, entre eles, a elaboração das Diretrizes Nacionais para a oferta de Educação de Jovens e Adultos em situação de privação de liberdade nos estabelecimentos penais (CNE/2010), a remição pelo estudo (2012) e a remição pela leitura (2015). O foco desses avanços tem sido a escolarização das pessoas privadas de liberdade.
CENÁRIO DAS STARTUPS NO BRASIL
Authors: BUENO AIRES LÁZARO ÍTALO FRANÇA BUENO AIRES , Brasil Marcus Vinicius de Oliveira
Published: August 2020

Devido as crescentes discussões sobre o estudo do empreendedorismo na atividade econômica, e da investigação temática de startups pela academia, surgiram trabalhos no tema em plataformas científicas como congressos, seminários, encontros e periódicos. O presente artigo tem como objetivo investigar a produção nacional sobre startup em eventos de administração de 2014 a 2018. O estudo caracteriza-se, portanto, como uma pesquisa do tipo exploratória e descritiva, a partir de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, de natureza quanti-quali. Foram identificados 45 trabalhos, publicados em três eventos de alto renome no campo da Administração: Egepe, Semead e Enanpad. Os resultados permitiram observar que há uma tendência de crescimento de investigações sobre a temática Startups. 
Palavras-chave: Startup. Produção Científica. Bibliometria.
Endothelin Level and Its Correlation with Uric Acid in Type 2 Diabetic Multiuse Patients
Authors: Ismail Zahraa Majid , Jawad Zyad Hussein , Hammood Ali Jasim
Published: August 2020

This research aims to find the direct linkage among the Uric acid rates with Endothelin (ET-1), which is considered the indication of endothelial dysfunction or endothelial damage in patients with T2-DM. This study, included 96 patients with T2-DM and 96 controls, the mean age ranged (56.73 ± 9.14), (56.42 ± 8.74) respectively. Results showed a highly significant increase in Endothelin (ET-1) levels, uric acid, urea, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) was observed as compared with the control group, while Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and body mass (BMI) were not substantially increased. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was found between ET-1 with uric acid, urea, SBP, DBP in patients with T2-DM (p < 0.05). Finally, elevated uric acid levels in older people who have chronic blood pressure are one of the factors influencing the increased release of ET-1, thus the development of cardiovascular disease.
Data Management via QR Code Using Android Smart Devices
Authors: Al-Kendi Wissam Basim , Al-Nayyef Huda H.
Published: August 2020

Smart devices have become one of the most important facilities in managing the data in the organizations recently. In this research, Android Application has been developed with taking advantage of Quick Response codes technology for storing different types of data (ex: documents, goods or employees) within organizations, and retrieving it on demand on the smart device screen or sharing it to other devices as Excel reports. Discussion of the study assumptions, delimitations, and limitations resulted in developing several approaches for tackling the process of generating unique QR codes representing the items in the organizations, in addition to developing a QR code reader by making use of the camera in the smart device. Office goods have been chosen in this research project as a data sample. Based on the experiments, the findings have proven that QR code technology is highly useful in the data management process, for storing and retrieving information within smart devices, showing a high response speed and accuracy.
Investigating the Efficiency of Simple Aqueous Extract of Nigella Sativa Activity Against Serratia Marcescens Bactria
Authors: Shkhaier Samir Laybi , Majid Muthana Anad , Alawi Wathiq Mohammad , ِAbed Al-Fatah Jamal , Abd Hayder Hameed
Published: August 2020

Nigella sativa seeds is considered as a very effective treatment for a variety of human diseases in traditional medicine worldwide with low human toxicity. Serratia marcescens pathogenic species, a Gram-negative, opportunistic bacteria, are widespread and distributed in the human environment with considered resistance to different types of antibiotics. Extraction was performed on 12.5 gm. /150 ml of Nigella seeds using rotary evaporator. Different time periods for extraction were applied (1-4 hours) with different temperature ranges of 50 °C to 60 °C performed separately for each time period. The 3 and 4 hours extraction period at 60 °C for seeds was effective against Serratia marcescens with inhibition zone of 11.18 and 12.27 mm respectively. Nigella seeds could be a promising inhibitor with enhanced activity against Serratia marcescens. Water extraction was efficient and effective at 60 °C, with extraction period of 2-3 hours for seeds. No activity recorded below this temperature.
Methods of pharmacological correction of intrauterine growth restriction syndrome
Authors: Klycheva Olga I. , Khuraseva Anna B.
Published: August 2020

Aim. Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of pharmacological correction of intrauterine growth restriction syndrome (IGRS) by monotherapy with diosmin and dipiridamol.
Materials and Methods. Retrospective and prospective examination of 80 pregnant women with singleton pregnancy with gestational age from 28 to 36 weeks with confirmed diagnosis of IGRS of 1 or 2 degree asymmetric form was conducted. 75.0% Of pregnant women that participated in the study, were of the average reproductive age (23-29 years of age). The share of young first-time-mother in I group was 10.0%, in II group 15.0%, the share of age first-time-mothers was 17.5 and 10.0%, respectively. Extended history taking and history analysis, general clinical and obstetric-gynecological examination were conducted, laboratory and ultrasound methods were used. Newborns were evaluated on Apgar scale at birth and in 5 minutes. In the early neonatal period, inborn and transient pathological syndromes were evaluated.
Results. In patients receiving diosmin (n=40), reduction of the resistance index of the right and left uterine arteries to 0.4400.004 and 0.4600.004, respectively, and of the umbilical artery to 0.560.02 was achieved, that is lower than in the group of patients taking dipiridamol (n=40). A positive influence of diosmin on the intrauterine condition of the fetus was found that was manifested by its increased compensatory capacities for adaptation to chronic hypoxia in reliably higher percent of cases as compared to dipiridamol. After pharmacological correction, a tendency to normalization of the main parameters of the system of hemostasis was found in higher percent in women taking diosmin. This, in turn, produced a favorable influence on the volume of blood loss in physiological deliveries. Thus, in I group the average amount of blood loss was 18015 ml, while in II group it was 26515 ml (р0.05). However, in operative delivery no such differences were obtained. In I group immediately after deliveries 10.0% of newborns were transferred to the resuscitation and intensive care unit, in II group transfer to resuscitation department was required in 37.5% of infants (0.05). All the rest of children immediately after birth in the satisfactory condition were placed to one ward with mother, and they did not require resuscitation measures.
Conclusion. Increase in the compensatory capacities of the fetus was shown in the conditions of chronic intrauterine hypoxia in a reliably higher percent of cases after pharmacological correction with diosmin. This, in turn, produced a favorable influence on perinatal outcomes, birth of children with a higher parameters of mass and height and health index.
Moral Community and Moral Order
Authors: Caton James
Published: August 2020

This work aligns James Buchanan’s theory of social contract with the structure of Michael Moehler’s multilevel social contract. Most importantly, this work develops Buchanan’s notions of moral community and moral order. It identifies moral community as the vehicle of escape from moral anarchy, where community is established upon a system of rules akin to James Buchanan’s first-stage social contract. Moral order establishes the baseline treatment of non-members by members of a moral community and also provides a minimum standard for resolving disputes that are not resolved by the more robust social contract shared among community members. This work links the multilevel contract to polycentric social order, noting that polycentric systems may promote development of the moral order by enabling experimentation with and emulation of rules and rule systems made available by overlapping and adjacent institutions.
The Contribution of Mobile Game Addiction To Student Academic Procrastination
Authors: Syahrin Muhammad Alfi , Ardi Zadrian
Published: August 2020

Procrastination is a tendency to delay the completing of a task or job. Meanwhile, academic procrastination is the behavior of procrastinating on the completion academic task. There are several characteristics of academic procrastination, one of which is doing other activities that are considered more fun, one of which is playing mobile games that can be accessed through gadgets owned by individuals. This study aims to describe mobile games addiction, academic procrastination, and examine the contribution of mobile games addiction to student’s academic procrastination. This research is a descriptive correlational study with quantitative research methods. This research sample using purposive sampling technique by taking a sample of students of MAN 1 Padang City who tended to experience addiction to mobile games with a percentage ?50%. The number of samples is this study were 101 students. Data analysis in this study used descriptive analysis with percentages and simple linear reggresion analysis. The results showed that in general the level of student mobile game addiction was in the medium category, in general the level of student academic procrastination was in the medium category, and there was a significant contribution of mobile game addiction to student academic procrastination.
PENGARUH SENSE OF HUMOR GURU DAN PENGELOLAAN KELAS TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR EKONOMI SISWA KELAS XI SMA SWASTA RAKSANA MEDAN T.P 2015/2016
Authors: Manullang Randeska , Hutahaean Lidia Aprileny
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMA Swasta Raksana Medan yang beralamat di Jalan Gajah Mada, No 20. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI-IPS di SMA Swasta Raksana Medan T.P. 2015/2016. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah total sampling, yaitu seluruh anggota populasi sebanyak 89 siswa dijadikan sebagai sampel.  Hasil yang diperoleh pada uji F menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan secara simultan variabel sense of humor guru dan pengelolaan kelas terhadap prestasi belajar ekonomi siswa kelas XI SMA Swasta Raksana Medan T.P. 2015/2016 dengan nilai Fhitung>Ftabel (89,053>3,10). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa sense of humor guru dan pengelolaan kelas berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar ekonomi siswa kelas XI SMA Swasta Raksana Medan T.P. 2015/2016. Keywords: Sense Of Humor Guru, Pengelolaan Kelas, Dan Prestasi Belajar
Influence of excessive air coefficient during combustion on intensity of two-stroke diesel engine operation in wide range of modes
Authors: Konyukov Vyacheslav Leontievich
Published: August 2020

The article describes the specific features of the forced diesel engines operating on a helical characteristic. One of them is a decreasing coefficient of excessive air during combustion with a decreasing power. Reducing the air charge of the cylinder and its available work require a greater cyclic supply of fuel to provide a given power, which affects the engine efficiency. It is possible to increase the boost pressure and the mass of the air charge of the cylinder by acting on the adjustable nozzle apparatus of a turbo-charging unit. In this case, gas parameters significantly change over the diesel cycle, which leads to changes in the indicators of thermal and mechanical tension. There have been presented the results of theoretical studies of indicators and criteria of thermal and mechanical tension of a marine two-stroke internal combustion engine operating in a wide range of modes with a constant coefficient of excessive air during combustion. Direct control of air flow at shared load modes was performed by turning the blades of an adjustable nozzle apparatus of a turbo-charging unit. The study of a diesel engine was carried out theoretically for two options: the original version (without adjustable nozzle unit) and under direct control of the air flow using an adjustable nozzle unit; the results were processed depending on the relative power of the diesel fractional load modes. There have been illustrated the graphs of dependence of the blade rotation angle of the nozzle apparatus of a turbocharging unit, relative change of the gas temperature behind the cylinder, cycle average temperature of the working fluid, average heat flux, relative change in the heat stress criterion of the piston, heat stress criterion for the cylinder, change in the pressure cycle of the working fluid, degree of increase working fluid during combustion, maximum rate of pressure rise depending on the load of the diesel engine.
Transformaciones educativas
Authors: Lagneaux Milagros Andrea
Published: August 2020

En este trabajo se reflexiona sobre las prácticas educativas en tiempos de crisis con motivo de la pandemia mundial. Para esto, se recupera la experiencia de la cátedra de Estudios sobre Política y Sociedad II, materia de segundo año de la Tecnicatura Superior en Comunicación Pública y Política, de la Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Social de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata. La pandemia obligó a repensar las prácticas educativas y a transformar lo presencial en experiencias de conectividad. Este trabajo retoma la emergencia y se focaliza en la experiencia mencionada y en la vinculación jóvenes-tecnologías-lenguaje en el ámbito universitario.
Global media and time: A conceptual and historical perspective
Authors: Morgner Christian
Published: August 2020

This paper addresses the role of time and meaning-making in the global mediascape. Particular attention will be paid to the role of past and future narratives, connections of messages with a global outreach and time as a topic of communication. The empirical analysis will use a comparative approach to explore these different dimensions by analysing three global media events, such as, the sinking of the Titanic, the assassination US President John F. Kennedy and the Fukushima Daiichi incident. The main findings of the paper will show that time is a constitutional part in the process of meaning-making in global communication.
Conflict management in adult sibling relationships: Differences in interpersonal power, sibling influence, and conflict tactic use among sibling types
Authors: Donato Mary E. , Dillow Megan R.
Published: August 2020

This study examined differences in conflict management-related perceptions and behaviors as a function of Gold’s (1989) adult sibling types. Participants were 157 adults who reported on their relationship with a sibling by completing a series of self-report measures about themselves and the sibling administered in paper-and-pencil format. Results revealed that adult siblings who classified their relationship as intimate perceived more positive sibling interpersonal power and parallel sibling influence, and were more likely to use prosocial conflict tactics with their sibling during conflicts. Conversely, adult siblings who characterized their relationship as apathetic/hostile were more likely to desire differentiation and to use dysfunctional conflict tactics during conflict with their sibling. In addition, across sibling types, perceptions of siblings’ power and influence predicted conflict tactic usage. This investigation extends available research by demonstrating destructive outcomes associated with the apathetic/hostile adult sibling type (e.g., increased use of violence as a conflict tactic). Further, across adult sibling types, this study provides insight into why emerging adult siblings use both constructive and destructive tactics during conflict with each other.
Free daily newspapers: Professional norms, business model and routinized production in the metropolis (Introduction)
Authors: Alves Audrey , Ballarini Loïc , Lamour Christian
Published: August 2020

Free daily newspapers such as Metro and 20 Minutes were published for the first time two decades ago. Today, they are part of the media market and they are read every day by hundreds of thousands of urbanites in metropolitan regions. These dailies are often presented as a symbol of the transformation of the press. But they attract a limited interest from communication scholars. Following the international conference named “The free daily press in Europe. 1995–2015” and organized by the CREM Research Unit and LISER in March 2016, we considered that a thematic section in SComS would be a good opportunity to present a series of double- blind peer reviewed articles dedicated to this media from three perspectives: Professional norms, business model, and geographical issues.
The influence of sensationalist features in television news stories on perceived news quality and perceived sensationalism of viewers in different age groups
Authors: Kleemans Mariska , Hendriks Vettehen Paul G. J. , Beentjes Johannes W. J. , Eisinga Rob
Published: August 2020

This study investigates whether the decreased trust in news media can be explained by the increase in sensationalism in news. To this end, an experiment was conducted in which viewers (N = 288) evaluated sensationalist versus non-sensationalist television news in terms of perceived news quality and perceived sensationalism. Each participant watched four television news stories that varied in the presence of two categories of sensationalism: arousing content and tabloid packaging. Findings showed that sensationalist television news tends to be more negatively evaluated than non-sensationalist news. In addition, critical views on arousing content appeared to be particularly visible among young and middle-aged adults. These findings suggest that the rise of sensationalist news could be an explanation of the declining trust in news media that is witnessed in a number of countries.
Media coverage of large countries at the 2015 Milan EXPO
Authors: Mangani Andrea , Tizzoni Elisa
Published: August 2020

An inertial bias or status quo bias in media industries, as in other markets, means the perpetuation of a certain behaviour or attitude. If mass media frequently address certain issues, an inertial bias means that such issues will be treated again independently of their absolute or relative newsworthiness. This paper studies the inertial media bias in relation to the Milan Expo 2015, an event where, in theory, all participant countries ought to have been considered equal. The empirical analysis considers the articles and reports on the Expo of the two most important online Italian newspapers, Repubblica and Corriere della Sera between May and October 2015. The estimates show that the newspapers devoted more articles and words to the largest countries, while the slant towards the richest countries was less evident. In addition, the tone of the media reports regarding large and rich countries was more positive.
Young researchers conference of the Centre for Research on Social Interactions
Authors: Volpin Letizia , Marian Klara Skogmyr , Gfeller Fabienne , Gonzalez Sylvia , Bangerter Adrian
Published: August 2020

The Centre for Research on Social Interactions (CRSI) of the University of Neuchâtel emerged as an interdisciplinary (and inter-faculty) collaboration built around the study of social interaction. The CRSI doctoral program, in turn, was created to provide PhD students with theoretical and methodological support in their research endeavours. Within this framework, the Young Researchers Conference of the Centre for Research on Social Interaction (the CRSI-YR Conference) was organised on February 16–17, 2017, as a concrete effort to offer young researchers working on social interaction an opportunity to present their work and to learn from experienced scholars in an environment that fosters dialogue across academic disciplines.[Corrigendum: Kévin Moinier's name is mispelled in this review. We apologize for the error.]
Fragmentary narrative reasoning. On the enthymematic structure of journalistic storytelling
Authors: Zampa Marta , Perrin Daniel
Published: August 2020

Journalists worldwide conceive of their work mostly as writing stories, because the narrative mode is extremely effective in delivering information to all social categories. Nonetheless, journalists hardly ever tell a whole story that complies with the criteria contemplated by narratology. Instead, they tell parts of a story and let the audience supply the rest, an operation made possible by the fact that narrative patterns are culturally shared by newswriters and their audiences. In this paper, we investigate some examples of fragmentary narratives as well as the journalists’ strategic reasons for using them, combining approaches to storytelling and to argumentation. The case studies are taken from Corriere del Ticino, the main Italian-language newspaper in Switzerland.
Il vestito forma la persona – “clothes make the man”: Fashion morality in Italian nineteenth-century conduct books
Authors: Paternoster Annick , Saltamacchia Francesca
Published: August 2020

Using a corpus of 40 influential conduct books published in Italy in the long nineteenth century, we apply current insights in the role of values for the emergence and maintenance of conventions developed within the pragmatics of politeness to the prescriptive discourse on fashion, because in these sources norms for verbal and non-verbal behaviour are justified in a similar way. We argue that fashion choices are always said to communicate moral values. Most conduct books reinforce fashion norms by anchoring them in moral values because the authors expect their readers to be morally evaluated in terms of the clothes they wear. We will give an overview of rules regulating bodily hygiene, adornment, dress choice and fashion, and analyse which values are explicitly cited to justify the rules. The positive values such as diligence and parsimony show that fashion morality is seen as a means of self-improvement for the petty bourgeoisie whilst excesses (avarice and laziness on one end and vanity and frivolity on the other) lead to poverty. Our sources predominantly regulate fashion with personal, ego-centered values. This is markedly different from the current debate on sustainable fashion, led by social values such as compassion and altruism. With this historical paper we hope to contribute to the discussion of new approaches for the analysis of moralising discourse in fashion communication.
Nested presuppositions: A manipulative type of informative presupposition
Authors: Maziad Mohyi Eldeen
Published: August 2020

This paper introduces the new pragmatic concept of Nested Presuppositions (NestPs) and develops a relevance- theoretic account that explains its cognitive dynamics and manipulative mechanisms. The first section lays necessary theoretical foundations, by defining pragmatic presupposition, compiling a taxonomy of the types of presupposition and their triggers, identifying and critiquing research gaps in eight of the most relevant studies and drawing the conclusion that none of the existing definitions or accounts of pragmatic presupposition can adequately capture the manipulative characteristics and mechanisms of the instances of informative presupposition at issue. In section two, I shall introduce the concept of NestPs as the filler of those gaps, grounding it in Textual Rhetoric and Relevance Theory and highlighting its defining characteristic of information structures, i.e. how the message is segmented and its degrees of prominence and suppression are assigned in order to achieve strategic goals. I further problematize the relationship between NestPs, on the one hand, and informativeness and manipulation, on the other, in light of Gricean and Relevance-Theoretic linguistics, establishing that NestPs are inherently manipulative. I finally expound the manipulative dynamics of NestPs, in terms of the information processing mechanisms they employ, by capitalizing on the concepts of Ostensive Stimulus, Cognitive Principle of Relevance, Principle of Optimal Relevance and Comprehension Procedure, and suggesting the two new mechanisms of Cognitive Underpassing and Structure-Content Cognitive Conflict.
Communicating nationalism in a changing Europe: The media coverage of Catalan’s attempt at independence
Authors: Martínez-Solanilla Marcos
Published: August 2020

Since 2008, Europe is immersed in a situation of political and social upheaval marked by, among other processes – such as the Brexit, the Scottish referendum on independence or the growth of new populist parties – , the strengthening of nationalism in Catalonia. In this context, the role of the media is crucial, since they are the main transmitters of what occurs abroad and, depending on how they present the information, a spread of pro-independence trends in regions with a historically strong nationalist sentiment throughout the continent can be more or less likely. In order to know the differences regarding the coverage of nationalism, this study applies a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to the text present in the main article on the Catalan referendum of October 1st, 2017 published online by the most-read newspapers in Portugal, Switzerland, UK, Italy, Scotland and Northeast Italy. The analysis concludes that the media not only report differently depending on the characteristics of the territory where they operate, but also that some of them use the information as a tool to indoctrinate society.
Il realismo della sorveglianza e le politiche dell’immaginazione: non c’è alternativa? Translated by Philip Di Salvo
Authors: Dencik Lina
Published: August 2020

This article engages with the interplay between data-driven surveillance and contemporary social imaginaries, using research based on the aftermath of the Snowden leaks. Drawing on Mark Fisher’s use of the term “realism” in relation to capitalist realism, I advance the argument here that public debate and response to the Snowden leaks indicate a similar ‘‘pervasive atmosphere” that comes to regulate thought and action, in which the active normalization of surveillance infrastructures limits the possibilities of even imagining alternatives – a condition I describe as “surveillance realism”. In so doing, the article posits a way to reveal the contingency and construction of our current digital environment, advancing a critique suitable for an emancipatory politics.

Translated by Philip Di Salvo
Rediscussing centres and peripheries: communication lenses on migration. ECREA 2018 special panel report
Authors: Greco Sara , Drzewiecka Jolanta
Published: August 2020

The ECREA 2018 special panel “Rediscussing centers and peripheries: communication lenses on migration” was held at the ECREA conference on 2 November 2018, in the beautiful venue of a frescoed room at Villa Ciani. The panel was co-organized by the two authors of this report, Jolanta Drzewiecka and Sara Greco, both from USI Università della Svizzera italiana. As the organizers, we provide a brief report of the rationale, aims and expectations that we had for this panel. We then include a discussion on how the panel exceeded our expectations by encouraging profoundly critical communication lenses on migration.
Re-booting gender in communication research and practice: a translational approach. ECREA 2018 special panel report
Authors: Padovani Claudia , Ross Karen
Published: August 2020

The special panel “Re-booting gender in communication research and practice: a translational approach” comprised a group of colleagues who are working together on two different projects around gender equality in the media, along with a contributor from the European Institute for Gender Equality. The panel responded to the conference theme in several ways, not least by placing gender equality front and centre as an important but often neglected element of media policy and practice. We argue that issues of gender are located at both the centre and the periphery of media and communication research in terms of content (representation), production (employment), policy (structure) and ownership (political economy). While all these aspects have been topics of significant research interest over the past few decades, a consideration of the ways in which gender is a differentiating feature of media content and media practice has often been a glaring omission in research design.
The English language in academia: Identifying power structures, denaturalizing daily choices. ECREA 2018 special panel report
Authors: Sousa Helena
Published: August 2020

Media and communication research has been dominated by the Anglo-American paradigm and English has become the lingua franca of academic life. The 2018 ECREA conference focused on centres and peripheries, inclusions and exclusions, cores and margins in the field. In line with the programme, this special session on Language in Academia tried to respond to contemporary critical asymmetries, analysing a specific dimension often taken for granted: the English language hegemony. The centrality of the English language is often assumed without questioning or critical reasoning.
Continuing to Explore the Relation between Economic and Political Factors and Government Survey Refusal Rates: 1960–2015
Authors: Larsen Luke J. , Lineback Joanna Fane , Reist Benjamin M.
Published: August 2020

In the United States, government surveys’ refusal rates have been increasing at an alarming rate, despite traditional measures for mitigating nonresponse. Given this phenomenon, now is a good time to revisit the work of Harris-Kojetin and Tucker (1999). In that study, the authors explored the relation between economic and political conditions on Current Population Survey (CPS) refusal rates over the period 1960–1988.

They found evidence that economic and political factors are associated with survey refusals and acknowledged the need to extend this work as more data became available. In this study, our aim was to continue their analysis. First, we replicated their findings. Next, we ran the assumed underlying model on an extended time-period (1960–2015). Last, since we found that the model was not an ideal fit for the extended period, we revised it using available time series and incorporating information about the CPS sample design. In the extended, refined model, presidential approval, census year, number of jobs and not-in-labor-force rate were all significant predictors of survey refusal.
Evolution of the Initially Recruited SHARE Panel Sample Over the First Six Waves
Authors: Friedel Sabine , Birkenbach Tim
Published: August 2020

Attrition is a frequently observed phenomenon in panel studies. The loss of panel members over time can hamper the analysis of panel survey data. Based on data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), this study investigates changes in the composition of the initially recruited first-wave sample in a multi-national face-to-face panel survey of an older population over waves. By inspecting retention rates and R-indicators, we found that, despite declining retention rates, the composition of the initially recruited panel sample in Wave 1 remained stable after the second wave. Thus, after the second wave there is no further large decline in representativeness with regard to the first wave sample. Changes in the composition of the sample after the second wave over time were due mainly to mortality-related attrition. Non-mortality-related attrition had a slight effect on the changes in sample composition with regard to birth in survey country, area of residence, education, and social activities. Our study encourages researchers to investigate further the impact of mortality- and non-mortality-related attrition in multi-national surveys of older populations.
Measurement of Interviewer Workload within the Survey and an Exploration of Workload Effects on Interviewers’ Field Efforts and Performance
Authors: Wuyts Celine , Loosveldt Geert
Published: August 2020

Interviewer characteristics are usually assumed fixed over the fieldwork period. The number of sample units that require the interviewers’ attention, however, can vary strongly over the fieldwork period. Different workload levels produce different constraints on the time interviewers have available to contact, recruit and interview each target respondent, and may also induce different motivational effects on interviewers’ behavior as they perform their different tasks. In this article we show that fine-grained, time-varying operationalizations of project-specific workload can be useful to explain differences in interviewers’ field efforts and achieved response outcomes over the fieldwork period. We derive project-specific workload for each interviewer on each day of fieldwork in two rounds of the European Social Survey in Belgium from contact history and assignment paradata. Project-specific workload is measured as (1) the number of sample units which have been and remain assigned on any day t (assigned case workload), and (2) the number of sample units for which interviewer activity has started and not yet ceased on any day t (active case workload). Capturing temporal variation in interviewers’ workloads in a direct way, the time-varying operationalizations, are better predictors than are the interviewer-level operationalizations of typical (active or potential) workload that are derived from them, as well as the traditional total-count workload operationalization.
The Effects of Nonresponse and Sampling Omissions on Estimates on Various Topics in Federal Surveys: Telephone and IVR Surveys of Address-Based Samples
Authors: Fowler Floyd J. , Brenner Philip , Roman Anthony M. , Hargraves J. Lee
Published: August 2020

With declining response rates and challenges of using RDD sampling for telephone surveys, collecting data from address-based samples has become more attractive. Two approaches are doing telephone interviews at telephone numbers matched to addresses and asking those at sampled addresses to call into an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) system to answer questions. This study used in-person interviewing to evaluate the effects of nonresponse and problems matching telephone numbers when telephone and IVR were used as the initial modes of data collection. The survey questions were selected from major US federal surveys covering a variety of topics. Both nonresponse and, for telephone, inability to find matches result in important nonresponse error for nearly half the measures across all topics, even after adjustments to fit the known demographic characteristics of the residents. Producing credible estimates requires using supplemental data collection strategies to reduce error from nonresponse.
A Validation of R-Indicators as a Measure of the Risk of Bias using Data from a Nonresponse Follow-Up Survey
Authors: Roberts Caroline , Vandenplas Caroline , Herzing Jessica M.E.
Published: August 2020

R-indicators are increasingly used as nonresponse bias indicators. However, their effectiveness depends on the auxiliary data used in their estimation. Because of this, it is not always clear for practitioners what the magnitude of the R-indicator implies for bias in other survey variables, or how adjustment on auxiliary variables will affect it. In this article, we investigate these potential limitations of R-indicators in a case study using data from the Swiss European Social Survey (ESS5), which included a nonresponse follow-up (NRFU) survey. First, we analyse correlations between estimated response propensities based on auxiliary data from the register-based sampling frame, and responses to survey questions also included in the NRFU. We then examine how these relate to bias detected by the NRFU, before and after adjustment, and to predictions of the risk of bias provided by the R-indicator. While the results lend support for the utility of R-indicators as summary statistics of bias risk, they suggest a need for caution in their interpretation. Even where auxiliary variables are correlated with target variables, more bias in the former (resulting in a larger R-indicator) does not automatically imply more bias in the latter, nor does adjustment on the former necessarily reduce bias in the latter.
USAHATANI DAN PEMASARAN SEMANGKA (Studi Kasus pada Budidaya Semangka Biji di Lahan Tegal)
Authors: Isdiantoni Isdiantoni , Wahdah Rifatul , Prasetiyo Hadi
Published: August 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini, adalah (1) mengidentifikasi praktek usahatani semangka biji di lahan tegal; (2) mengetahui  pendapatan dan efisiensi usahataninya; dan (3) menggambarkan saluran pemasaran, menganalisis margin pemasaran  serta  bagian yang diterima petani (farmer’s share.). Petani contoh diambil secara  acak sederhana dan untuk responden lembaga pemasaran menggunakan sampling bola salju). Analisa data yang dipakai untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, menggunakan analisis deskriptif, analisa pendapatan dan efisiensi usahatani (R/C), serta analis marjin pemasaran, dan farmer’s share. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh penjelasan, bahwa petani didalam membudidayakan  semangka  biji  dilahan tegal, masih kurang menguasai teknis budidaya  yang tepat dan benar. Melalui perhitungan secara finansial, usahatani semangka biji di lahan tegal memberikan pendapatan (keuntungan) sebesar Rp. 5,150,471,- per hektar dengan nilai R/C = 1.18. Saluran pemasarannya relatif pendek, dan terdiri dari 2 (dua) jalur. Pada jalur 1, lembaga pemasaran yang terlibat ada dua, yaitu tengkulak dan pengecer. Dan pada jalur 2, lemabaga pemasaran yang terlibat ada tiga, yaitu tengkulak, pedagang besar dan pengecer. Besarnya marjin pemasaran setiap 1 kg semangka biji yang dipasarkan pada jalur 1 Rp. 600,- (26.09%) dan pada jalur 2 Rp. 650,- (27.66%), yang menunjukkan semakin panjang jalur pemasaran buah semangka biji, maka marjin pemasarannya semakin besar. Distribusi marjin pada tiap lembaga pemasaran, baik di jalur 1 maupun di jalur 2 terdapat perbedaan yang mencolok, dengan kata lain distribusi keuntungan dalam marjin pemasaran tidak cukup adil. Nilai farmer’s share 73.91% pada jalur 1 dan  72.34% pada jalur 2, artinya bagian harga yang diterima petani terhadap harga yang dibayar konsumen cukup bagus.
Inputs, Outputs, and Composition in the Logic of Information Flows
Authors: Aamer Heba , Bogaerts Bart , Surinx Dimitri , Ternovska Eugenia , Van den Bussche Jan
Published: August 2020

The logic of information flows (LIF) is a general framework in which tasks of a procedural nature can be modeled in a declarative, logic-based fashion. The first contribution of this paper is to propose semantic and syntactic definitions of inputs and outputs of LIF expressions. We study how the two relate and show that our syntactic definition is optimal in a sense that is made precise. The second contribution of this paper is a systematic study of the expressive power of sequential composition in LIF. Our results on composition tie in the results on inputs and outputs, and relate LIF to first-order logic (FO) and bounded-variable LIF to bounded-variable FO.
An Optimization Approach to Robust Goal Obfuscation
Authors: Bernardini Sara , Fagnani Fabio , Franco Santiago
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we present a set of strategies to underpin the behavior of an agent that wants to arrive as close as possible to its destination without revealing it to an observer, which monitors its progress in the environment. This problem is an instance of goal obfuscation (GO), which has lately received significant attention in the AI community. With different variants of GO being proposed, the field lacks coherence and characterization from first principles. In addition, existing techniques are not robust to possible attempts of the observer to learn the agent's strategy. To fill this gap, we provide here a foundational study of GO and offer robust techniques to ensure that the agent can protect its privacy as much as possible regardless of the observer's behavior. We cast GO as an optimization problem, offer a complete theoretical analysis of it and introduce efficient algorithms to find exact solutions.
Simultaneous Representation of Knowledge and Belief for Epistemic Planning with Belief Revision
Authors: Buckingham David , Kasenberg Daniel , Scheutz Matthias
Published: August 2020

We propose a novel approach to the problem of false belief revision in epistemic planning. Our state representations are pointed Kripke models with two binary relations over possible worlds: one representing agents' necessarily true knowledge, and one representing agents' possibly false beliefs. State transition functions maintain S5n properties in the knowledge relation and KD45n properties in the belief relation. When new information contradicts an agent's beliefs, belief revision draws new possible worlds from the agent's knowledge relation. Our method also improves upon prior work by accommodating false announcements. We develop our system as an extension to the mA* action language, presenting transition functions for ontic, sensing, and announcement actions.
A Uniform Treatment of Aggregates and Constraints in Hybrid ASP
Authors: Cabalar Pedro , Fandinno Jorge , Schaub Torsten , Wanko Philipp
Published: August 2020

Characterizing hybrid ASP solving in a generic way is difficult since one needs to abstract from specific theories. Inspired by lazy SMT solving, this is usually addressed by treating theory atoms as opaque. Unlike this, we propose a slightly more transparent approach that includes an abstract notion of a term. Rather than imposing a syntax on terms, we keep them abstract by stipulating only some basic properties. With this, we further develop a semantic framework for hybrid ASP solving and provide aggregate functions for theory variables that adhere to different semantic principles, show that they generalize existing aggregate semantics in ASP and how we can rely on off-the-shelf hybrid solvers for implementation.
Dyadic Obligations over Complex Actions as Deontic Constraints in the Situation Calculus
Authors: Claßen Jens , Delgrande James
Published: August 2020

With the advent of artificial agents in everyday life, it is important that these agents are guided by social norms and moral guidelines. Notions of obligation, permission, and the like have traditionally been studied in the field of Deontic Logic, where deontic assertions generally refer to what an agent should or should not do; that is they refer to actions. In Artificial Intelligence, the Situation Calculus is (arguably) the best known and most studied formalism for reasoning about action and change. In this paper, we integrate these two areas by incorporating deontic notions into Situation Calculus theories. We do this by considering deontic assertions as constraints, expressed as a set of conditionals, which apply to complex actions expressed as GOLOG programs. These constraints induce a ranking of "ideality" over possible future situations. This ranking in turn is used to guide an agent in its planning deliberation, towards a course of action that adheres best to the deontic constraints. We present a formalization that includes a wide class of (dyadic) deontic assertions, lets us distinguish prima facie from all-things-considered obligations, and particularly addresses contrary-to-duty scenarios. We furthermore present results on compiling the deontic constraints directly into the Situation Calculus action theory, so as to obtain an agent that respects the given norms, but works solely based on the standard reasoning and planning techniques.
Reasoning about Measures of Unmeasurable Sets
Authors: Console Marco , Hofer Matthias , Libkin Leonid
Published: August 2020

In a variety of reasoning tasks, one estimates the likelihood of
events by means of volumes of sets they define. Such sets need to be
measurable, which is usually achieved by putting bounds, sometimes ad
hoc, on them. We address the question how unbounded or unmeasurable
sets can be measured nonetheless. Intuitively, we want to know
how likely a randomly chosen point is to be in a given set, even in the
absence of a uniform distribution over the entire space.
To address this, we follow a recently proposed approach of taking
intersection of a set with balls of increasing radius, and defining
the measure by means of the asymptotic behavior of the proportion of
such balls taken by the set. We show that this approach works for
every set definable in first-order logic with the usual arithmetic
over the reals (addition, multiplication, exponentiation, etc.), and
every uniform measure over the space, of which the usual Lebesgue
measure (area, volume, etc.) is an example. In fact we establish a
correspondence between the good asymptotic behavior and the finiteness
of the VC dimension of definable families of sets. Towards computing
the measure thus defined, we show how to avoid the asymptotics and
characterize it via a specific subset of the unit sphere. Using
definability of this set, and known techniques for sampling from the
unit sphere, we give two algorithms for estimating our measure of
unbounded unmeasurable sets, with deterministic and probabilistic
guarantees, the latter being more efficient. Finally we show that a
discrete analog of this measure exists and is similarly well-behaved.