bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multimodal Integration of Self-Motion Cues in the Vestibular System: Active versus Passive Translations
Authors: Carriot Jerome , Brooks Jessica X. , Cullen Kathleen E.
Published: December 2013

The ability to keep track of where we are going as we navigate through our environment requires knowledge of our ongoing location and orientation. In response to passively applied motion, the otolith organs of the vestibular system encode changes in the velocity and direction of linear self-motion (i.e., heading). When self-motion is voluntarily generated, proprioceptive and motor efference copy information is also available to contribute to the brain's internal representation of current heading direction and speed. However to date, how the brain integrates these extra-vestibular cues with otolith signals during active linear self-motion remains unknown. Here, to address this question, we compared the responses of macaque vestibular neurons during active and passive translations. Single-unit recordings were made from a subgroup of neurons at the first central stage of sensory processing in the vestibular pathways involved in postural control and the computation of self-motion perception. Neurons responded far less robustly to otolith stimulation during self-generated than passive head translations. Yet, the mechanism underlying the marked cancellation of otolith signals did not affect other characteristics of neuronal responses (i.e., baseline firing rate, tuning ratio, orientation of maximal sensitivity vector). Transiently applied perturbations during active motion further established that an otolith cancellation signal was only gated in conditions where proprioceptive sensory feedback matched the motor-based expectation. Together our results have important implications for understanding the brain's ability to ensure accurate postural and motor control, as well as perceptual stability, during active self-motion.
Loss of Functional A-Type Potassium Channels in the Dendrites of CA1 Pyramidal Neurons from a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Routh Brandy N. , Johnston Daniel , Brager Darrin H.
Published: December 2013

Despite the critical importance of voltage-gated ion channels in neurons, very little is known about their functional properties in Fragile X syndrome: the most common form of inherited cognitive impairment. Using three complementary approaches, we investigated the physiological role of A-type K+currents (IKA) in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons fromfmr1-/ymice. Direct measurement ofIKAusing cell-attached patch-clamp recordings revealed that there was significantly lessIKAin the dendrites of CA1 neurons fromfmr1-/ymice. Interestingly, the midpoint of activation for A-type K+channels was hyperpolarized forfmr1-/yneurons compared with wild-type, which might partially compensate for the lower current density. Because of the rapid time course for recovery from steady-state inactivation, the dendritic A-type K+current in CA1 neurons from both wild-type andfmr1-/ymice is likely mediated by KV4 containing channels. The net effect of the differences inIKAwas that back-propagating action potentials had larger amplitudes producing greater calcium influx in the distal dendrites offmr1-/yneurons. Furthermore, CA1 pyramidal neurons fromfmr1-/ymice had a lower threshold for LTP induction. These data suggest that loss ofIKAin hippocampal neurons may contribute to dendritic pathophysiology in Fragile X syndrome.
Defects in Synapse Structure and Function Precede Motor Neuron Degeneration inDrosophilaModels of FUS-Related ALS
Authors: Shahidullah Mohammad , Le Marchand Sylvain J. , Fei Hong , Zhang Jiaming , Pandey Udai Bhan , Dalva Matthew B. , Pasinelli Piera , Levitan Irwin B.
Published: December 2013

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset neurodegenerative disease that leads invariably to fatal paralysis associated with motor neuron degeneration and muscular atrophy. One gene associated with ALS encodes the DNA/RNA-binding protein Fused in Sarcoma (FUS). There now exist twoDrosophilamodels of ALS. In one, human FUS with ALS-causing mutations is expressed in fly motor neurons; in the other, the genecabeza(caz), the fly homolog of FUS, is ablated. These FUS-ALS flies exhibit larval locomotor defects indicative of neuromuscular dysfunction and early death. The locus and site of initiation of this neuromuscular dysfunction remain unclear. We show here that in FUS-ALS flies, motor neuron cell bodies fire action potentials that propagate along the axon and voltage-dependent inward and outward currents in the cell bodies are indistinguishable in wild-type and FUS-ALS motor neurons. In marked contrast, the amplitude of synaptic currents evoked in the postsynaptic muscle cell is decreased by >80% in FUS-ALS larvae. Furthermore, the frequency but not unitary amplitude of spontaneous miniature synaptic currents is decreased dramatically in FUS-ALS flies, consistent with a change in quantal content but not quantal size. Although standard confocal microscopic analysis of the larval neuromuscular junction reveals no gross abnormalities, superresolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy demonstrates that the presynaptic active zone protein bruchpilot is aberrantly organized in FUS-ALS larvae. The results are consistent with the idea that defects in presynaptic terminal structure and function precede, and may contribute to, the later motor neuron degeneration that is characteristic of ALS.
Gamma Synchrony Predicts Neuron–Neuron Correlations and Correlations with Motor Behavior in Extrastriate Visual Area MT
Authors: Lee Joonyeol , Lisberger Stephen G.
Published: December 2013

Correlated variability of neuronal responses is an important factor in estimating sensory parameters from a population response. Large correlations among neurons reduce the effective size of a neural population and increase the variation of the estimates. They also allow the activity of one neuron to be informative about impending perceptual decisions or motor actions on single trials. In extrastriate visual area MT of the rhesus macaque, for example, some but not all neurons show nonzero “choice probabilities” for perceptual decisions or non-zero “MT–pursuit” correlations between the trial-by-trial variations in neural activity and smooth pursuit eye movements. To understand the functional implications of zero versus nonzero correlations between neural responses and impending perceptions or actions, we took advantage of prior observations that specific frequencies of local field potentials reflect the correlated activity of neurons. We found that the strength of the spike-field coherence of a neuron in the gamma-band frequency range is related to the size of its MT–pursuit correlations for eye direction, as well as to the size of the neuron–neuron correlations. Spike-field coherence predicts MT–pursuit correlations better for direction than for speed, perhaps because the topographic organization of direction preference in MT is more amenable to creating meaningful local field potentials. We suggest that the relationship between spiking and local-field potentials is stronger for neurons that have larger correlations with their neighbors; larger neuron–neuron correlations create stronger MT–pursuit correlations. Neurons that lack strong correlations with their neighbors also have weaker correlations with pursuit behavior, but still could drive pursuit strongly.
Association between low bone mass and calcium and caffeine intake among perimenopausal women in Southern Brazil: cross-sectional study
Authors: Harter Daniele Lazzarotto , Busnello Fernanda Michielin , Dibi Raquel Papandreus , Stein Airton Tetelbom , Kato Sergio Kakuta , Vanin Carla Maria De Martini
Published: December 2013

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Osteoporosis is a skeletal abnormality characterized by reduction and alteration of bone microarchitecture that results in increased fragility and greater predisposition to fractures. Age and low bone mass are the main non-modifiable risk factors for osteoporotic fractures. The modifiable factors include sedentary lifestyle, inadequate calcium intake, excessive alcohol and/or caffeine consumption, smoking and low body weight. The aim here was to evaluate the association between low bone mass and calcium and caffeine intake among perimenopausal women in Southern Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in Porto Alegre and Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: Women (n = 155) of mean age 53.6 ± 9.5 years were evaluated through a cross-sectional study in Southern Brazil. Food frequency questionnaires, bone mass evaluation using calcaneal ultrasound and anthropometric assessment were used. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight was 67.7%. In the bone mass screening, 30.3% had low bone mass and 4.5% had osteoporosis. The median calcium intake was 574.94 mg/day and the caffeine intake was 108.11 mg/day. No association was found between bone mass and anthropometric parameters, calcium intake or caffeine intake. It was found that 38.4% of the women had low bone mass. CONCLUSIONS: No association was found between calcium and caffeine intake and bone mass. High prevalence of low bone mass was observed.
Meningeomas: acometimento isolado de nervos cranianos
Authors: Cruz Oswaldo Ricciardi , Tenuto Rolando
Published: December 2013

Os autores fazem uma revisão de 41 casos de meningeomas intracranianos, chamando a atenção para a raridade dos acometimentos isolados e unilaterais dos nervos cranianos, para ressaltar o falso valor localizatório dêsses acometimentos em alguns casos. Em um de seus casos (caso 41), seis nervos cranianos foram comprometidos sem serem surpreendidos outros sinais que indicassem lesões das diferentes funções cerebrais. Em outro (caso 32), de meningeoma localizado no lobo temporal, o comprometimento isolado de VI e VIII nervos cranianos poderia ter induzido ao diagnóstico de um processo localizado na fossa posterior.
Estudo comparativo entre os diagnósticos mielográfico anátomo-cirúrgico nas afecções raquemedulares
Authors: Silva Celso Pereira da , Sette Junior Affonso
Published: December 2013

O presente trabalho visa apreciar a exatidão das imagens mielográficas consideradas típicas pela maioria dos autores. Para êste fim os mielogramas de 161 casos operados foram divididos em 9 grupos, dos quais 7 (no total de 137 casos) com imagens consideradas típicas e 2 (contendo 24 casos) com imagens atípicas ou não conclusivas. Os diagnósticos mielográficos foram, a seguir, confrontados com os achados anátomo-cirúrgicos, obtendo-se uma concordância de 75% para o grupo dos angiomas, de 67,4% para o de hérnia de núcleo pulposo, de 59,2% para o de tumor extradural, de 45,4% para o de tumor intradural, de 33,3% para o de tumor intramedular, de 32,2% para o de aracnoidite e de 22,2% para o de hipertrofia do ligamento amarelo. A parte discordante em cada grupo abrangeu diagnósticos anátomo-cirúrgicos os mais variados. A análise estatística mostrou significância apenas para os grupos de tumor intramedular e hipertrofia do ligamento amarelo. A conclusão é a de que a imagem mielográfica pode contribuir para o diagnóstico da natureza das lesões obstrutivas dos espaços subaracnóideos; a sua exatidão porém não é absoluta, mas apenas relativa, sendo variável para cada entidade. A denominação habitualmente usada de "imagem típica" deve, por isso, ser substituída pela de "imagem sugestiva" de um determinado processo lesional.
Meningoencefalite por bactéria do gênero Escherichia em septuagenário: tratamento pelo cloranfenicol intratecal e muscular
Authors: Diniz Harry Brandi , Benini Arnaldo
Published: December 2013

Os autores apresentam um caso grave de meningoencefalite, por Escherichia coli, em septuagenário tratado e curado por injeções intraraqueanas e intramusculares de succinato de cloranfenicol. Trata-se de paciente com 76 anos de idade e que após uma toxinfecção gastrintestinal aguda, apresentou um quadro de meningoencefalite, tendo o exame do líqüido cefalor-raqueano mostrado um processo meningítico por E. coli. Foi instituída a terapêutica antibiótica pelo cloranfenicol, por via intratecal, na dose diária de 3 mg por kg de pêso corporal, correspondendo a 2,5 ml de solução de succinato de cloranfenicol a 10%, ou seja 250 mg do sal. Por via intramuscular foi utilizada a dose diária de 1 g de succinato de cloranfenicol dividida em 4 doses. Em 23 dias de tratamento houve cura clínica total, acompanhada de melhora nítida do quadro inflamatório do LCR e de negativação do exame bacterioscópico. O exame clínico do paciente um ano após revelou ausência de qualquer seqüela neuropsíquica.
Electroforese em papel das proteínas do líqüido cefalorraquidiano: IV. valores normais
Authors: Spina-França A.
Published: December 2013

Foram analisadas, mediante electroforese em papel, as proteínas do LCR cisternal de 30 pessoas adultas (13 sadias e 17 portadoras de neuroses); as médias encontradas em relação às diversas frações proteicas foram as seguintes: pré-albumina 2,2%; albumina 51,6%; globulinas α1 5,0%, α2 8,7%, β (incluindo os percentuais da fração τ) 21,6% e γ 10,9%. Em relação aos resultados encontrados para as frações proteicas do soro sangüíneo de 30 pessoas adultas (17 normais e 13 portadoras de neuroses) incluindo 7 daquelas cujo LCR foi estudado, o perfil das proteínas do LCR mostrou-se diferente, pois no LCR verifica-se a presença da fração pré-albumina, maior riqueza em globulinas β e pequeno teor de γ-globulina.
Distúrbios neurológicos e electrolíticos em nefrótico após diurese rápida provocada pelo ACTH
Authors: Penna Hedda Arminante de Oliveira , Manissadjian Antranik , Cesar Maria Aparecida Salgado , Mattar Guilherme
Published: December 2013

Os autores apresentam o caso de criança de 10 anos, portadora de síndrome nefrótica, que, durante a fase de diurese rápida conseqüente à administração de ACTH, apresentou crises convulsivas, coma, alterações do electrencefalograma, do electrocardiograma, hiponatremia, hipocalemia, hipocloremia e alcalose. Como principais seqüelas, o paciente apresentava, ao ter alta hospitalar, síndrome convulsiva e hemianopsia homônima lateral direita. Os autores comentam o possível mecanismo dessas alterações.
Edema cerebral localizado como complicação tardia de traumatismo crânio-encefálico
Authors: Almeida Gilberto Machado de , Longo Pedro Henrique
Published: December 2013

Entre os pacientes internados, por traumatismos cranianos, no Pronto Socorro de Neurocirurgia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, de 1954 a 1957, foram selecionados três, nos quais a evolução ulterior infirmou o diagnóstico inicial de hematoma extra ou subdural. O aparecimento, algum tempo após o traumatismo, de sinais focais e de hipertensão intracraniana sugeriu a existência de hematoma intracraniano provavelmente subdural, sendo então indicada a realização, com urgência, de uma angiografia cerebral por via carotídea. Em todos os casos foram evidenciados desvios da artéria cerebral anterior, não havendo elementos para o diagnóstico da natureza do processo expansivo. Em dois casos foram feitas pneumografias que mostraram desvios do sistema ventricular e electrencefalogramas que mostraram depressão da atividade elétrica no hemisfério homolateral ao traumatismo. Exames radiológicos sucessivos mostraram diminuição progressiva, até a desaparição, dos desvios arteriais; um dos pacientes foi submetido a trepanação exploradora que mostrou apenas edema cerebral. Medicação visando combater o edema cerebral determinou melhora acentuada dos quadros clínicos. A finalidade do trabalho é de apresentar um quadro raramente descrito como complicação de traumatismos crânio-encefálicos e tecer comentários a respeito das dificuldades do diagnóstico diferencial com o hematoma subdural.
Infecção piógena do espaço epidural raquidiano em criança
Authors: Lefèvre Antonio B. , Diament Aron J.
Published: December 2013

Registro de um caso de infecção piógena do espaço epidural raquidiano, provavelmente originada de lesão purulenta da pele, o início da sintomatologia ocorrendo após traumatismo da coluna vertebral. Os autores acentuam a importância dos seguintes fatos para o diagnóstico: 1) sintomatologia neurológica limitada à lesão das estruturas contidas no canal raquidiano; 2) as diferenças citoquímicas do liqüido cefalorraquidiano colhido em punções combinadas, suboccipital e lombar; 3) os resultados da mielografia mostrando a lentidão do trânsito da substância contrastante. O tratamento clínico, à base de antibióticos em doses intensas e glicocorticóides por via oral, deu excelentes resultados, demonstrando que, nesses casos agudos, o tratamento conservador deve ser preferido à intervenção cirúrgica.
Mieloses funiculares considerações a propósito de 110 casos
Authors: Canelas Horacio Martins
Published: December 2013

O autor, revendo o conceito atual da etiopatogenia das mieloses funiculares, conclui que, na determinação do processo desmielinizante, além da carência de vitamina B12 e da acloridria gástrica, participam outros fatores, carenciais e/ou alérgicos. Baseado no estudo de 110 casos com lesões gástricas constitucionais (100 casos) ou adquiridas (10 casos), o autor discute o problema do diagnóstico. São consideradas as síndromes periférica, funicular dorsal, "piramidal" e encefálica. É ressaltada a importância do exame da sensibilidade vibratória, particularmente por método quantitativo, que revelou, em elevada percentagem dos casos, distúrbios da palestesia também nas mãos. Entre os exames complementares, é salientado o valor do hemograma, do mielograma, da dosagem da acidez gástrica, da determinação da absorção da vitamina B12 radioativa; são também consideradas as alterações electrencefalográficas e do liqüido cefalorraqueano. Os resultados terapêuticos em 44 casos são avaliados através do estudo semiquantitativo da sintomatologia neurológica. Embora a vitamina B12 tenha proporcionado maiores índices de melhora, os demais medicamentos (extrato hepático, ácido fólico e adrenocorticotropina) também influenciaram favoravelmente o quadro neurológico. Em vista da pequena representação numérica da casuística nos grupos correspondentes aos quatro esquemas terapêuticos, o autor não emite conclusão definitiva. Salienta, porém, que êsses resultados demonstram a necessidade de prosseguir nos estudos sôbre a etiopatogenia das mieloses funiculares, no sentido de esclarecer as numerosas incógnitas que ainda perduram.
Problemas psiquiátricos em geriatria
Authors: Blaya Marcelo
Published: December 2013

Foi apresentado um resumo das idéias comumente aceitas em psiquiatria dinâmica com relação aos problemas emocionais da velhice. A necessidade de uma solução eclética para esta questão de crescente importância na sociedade hodierna não impede que se utilize, com vantagem, uma orientação psicanalítica no tratamento dêsses indivíduos. No caso apresentado acham-se ilustrados alguns pontos de vista do autor.
A continuidade do processo de desconcentração regional da indústria brasileira nos anos 2000
Authors: Saboia João
Published: December 2013

O artigo dá continuidade ao debate sobre as mudanças locacionais da indústria brasileira nas últimas décadas. A partir dos dados de emprego e massa salarial da indústria de transformação e extrativa mineral no Brasil no período 1997/2007, é identificado um intenso processo de desconcentração regional. Utilizando índices clássicos de concentração, verifica-se que a tendência desconcentradora atinge todos os tipos de indústrias, sejam elas tradicionais, de commodities, difusoras ou de bens duráveis. O artigo propõe ainda a utilização de um novo índice de densidade, destacando algumas mesorregiões onde ele é relativamente elevado. A partir do cálculo do índice de densidade, são selecionadas oito mesorregiões em diferentes regiões do país para ilustrar o processo de desconcentração regional da indústria.
A interação universidade-empresa na siderurgia de Minas Gerais
Authors: Santos Ulisses Pereira dos , Diniz Clélio Campolina
Published: December 2013

Verifica-se em Minas Gerais a presença de um aparato de apoio à inovação regionalmente identificado e alinhado a uma das principais atividades econômicas locais, a siderurgia. Esse sistema regional de inovação foi constituído a partir do século XIX, sendo caracterizado pelo intenso fluxo de informações entre as instituições de ensino e pesquisa, principalmente o Departamento de Metalurgia da UFMG e o setor produtivo. Observou-se que a parceria entre a universidade e o setor produtivo na qualificação profissional e na busca por soluções para a melhoria de processos e produtos representa a materialização desse fluxo informacional, historicamente constituído, viabilizando a inovação tecnológica na siderurgia mineira.
Discoursing development: the case of the European Investment Bank
Authors: Lesay Ivan
Published: December 2013

The European Investment Bank (EIB) has recently become a relevant development player; nevertheless, its theoretical competence to operate in developing countries has not been scrutinised. This paper aims, first, to reconstruct the development argument of EIB, i.e., to map how EIB claims its investments contribute to the economic development of developing countries. Second, we confront the reconstructed Bank's development discourse with development economics theories in an effort to identify its theoretical inspirations. Third, we apply Critical Discourse Analysis to identify EIB's discursive practices. The paper argues that EIB's development discourse is inspired predominantly by the Washington Consensus, that it is minimalist and underdeveloped, and that it uses discursive techniques to promote and perpetuate EIB's hegemonic and ideological positions. We conclude that, from a development economics perspective, EIB is theoretically limited and unqualified.
Controle postural e sistema vestíbulo-oculomotor em atletas de tiro esportivo da modalidade pistola
Authors: Lourenço Carla Porto , Silva André Luís dos Santos
Published: December 2013

INTRODUÇÃO: O tiro esportivo desenvolve nos atletas destreza, concentração e equilíbrio. A estabilidade do atirador depende da resistência deste contra perturbações internas e externas que afetem seu equilíbrio. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o controle postural e sistema vestíbulo-oculomotor de atletas atiradores de pistola. MÉTODO: Análise descritiva do tipo transversal. Avaliaram-se oito atletas com idade média de 37 anos (dp ± 8,11), afiliados à Confederação Brasileira de Tiro Esportivo. Utilizou-se prontuário sociodemográfico; estabilometria associada a simulador de tiro e sistema de videonistagmoscopia computadorizada. RESULTADOS: Observou-se em todos os voluntários, dominância motora à direita; metade deles atira com os dois olhos abertos; tempo médio de prática de 14 anos (dp ± 9) e média de treino semanal de 14 horas (dp ± 13). Metade relatou lesão associada ao tiro. Na estabilometria observou-se correlação nas velocidades anteroposterior e mediolateral.À videonistagmoscopia, nenhum atleta apresentou alteração patológica. CONCLUSÃO: O controle postural dos atletas avaliados possui alterações significativas para as velocidades de deslocamento do centro de pressão nas direções anteroposterior e mediolateral. O sistema vestíbulo-oculomotor não mostrou correlação com o controle postural e se apresentou sem alterações funcionais para todos os voluntários.
Distribuição da gordura corporal em escolares: um estudo usando o método LMS
Authors: Frainer Deivis Elton Schlickmann , Vasconcelos Francisco de Assis Guedes de , Costa Larissa da Cunha Feio , Grosseman Suely
Published: December 2013

INTRODUÇÃO: A avaliação do sobrepeso e obesidade em populações ainda tem sido baseada predominantemente no índice de massa corporal, o qual tem sido considerado o indicador universal da adiposidade. OBJETIVO: Analisar a distribuição da gordura corporal de escolares de sete a 10 anos, por meio da construção de referenciais percentílicos das dobras cutâneas, utilizando os parâmetros LMS. MÉTODO: Os dados são relativos a uma amostra representativa de escolares de sete a 10 anos frequentando escolas públicas e privadas, que participaram de pesquisa mais ampla de prevalência do sobrepeso e obesidade, realizada em 2002, em Florianópolis (Santa Catarina, Brasil), e composta por 2.918 crianças. Para este estudo utilizaram-se os dados antropométricos de estatura, dobras cutâneas subescapular, suprailíaca, tricipital e panturrilha medial. O método LMS, que visa normalizar os dados que apresentam assimetria em sua distribuição, foi utilizado para analisar e comparar a distribuição das dobras por faixa etária e sexo. RESULTADOS: Ambos os sexos apresentaram valores maiores de gordura subcutânea na região do tríceps e da panturrilha, porém, no sexo masculino estes foram inferiores aos das meninas e com pouco incremento ao longo da faixa etária investigada. A dobra que apresentou maior incremento nos valores medianos foi a suprailíaca, para o sexo feminino, a qual alcançou valores próximos aos da dobra tricipital aos 10 anos de idade. CONCLUSÕES: O método LMS propicia a análise da distribuição dos valores das dobras cutâneas, as quais são importantes para avaliar a evolução da gordura corporal e o estado nutricional de crianças.
Efeito agudo dos extensores do joelho unilateral na cadeira extensora com e sem estímulos na plataforma vibratória
Authors: Ferreira Fernando Roberto , Angeli Gerseli , Confessor Yara Queiroga , Gagliardi João Fernando Laurito , Barros Neto Turibio Leite de
Published: December 2013

INTRODUÇÃO: Nos últimos anos muitos estudos foram feitos com o objetivo de avaliar a utilização da vibração mecânica como parte de treinamento para melhora do condicionamento físico. Entretanto, a maioria avaliou os efeitos dos exercícios em conjunto com o treinamento vibratório para determinar se havia melhora após o treinamento, sem avaliar os efeitos dos exercícios realizados na plataforma com e sem vibração. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito agudo do exercício nos extensores do joelho, com e sem o estímulo da plataforma vibratória. MÉTODOS: Trinta indivíduos ativos, do sexo masculino, com idades entre 18 e 45 anos, realizaram, de forma randomizada, três protocolos: grupo plataforma ligada (GPL), grupo plataforma desligada (GPD) e grupo controle (GC). Cada protocolo começava com aquecimento de cinco minutos em bicicleta ergométrica, com carga entre 75 e 100 watts e 70 rotações por minuto, seguido por seis séries de 10 movimentos de agachamento unilateral com intervalo de um minuto entre elas, com ou sem vibração mecânica, e terminava com o Work Test, realizado apenas no membro inferior dominante para determinação das valências físicas: trabalho, força, potência e velocidade. O grupo controle realizou apenas o Work Test após o aquecimento. RESULTADOS: Apenas a variável velocidade apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante (p < 0,05) quando comparado o GPL ao GC. CONCLUSÃO: O estímulo na plataforma vibratória não exerceu influência nas variáveis trabalho e potência dos extensores do joelho unilateral, mas, na velocidade do movimento, exerceu influência negativa causando fadiga.
Determinantes da qualidade de vida no trabalho: ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado por clusters
Authors: Grande Antonio José , Silva Valter , Manzatto Luciane , Rocha Túlio Brandão Xavier , Martins Gustavo Celestino , Vilela Junior Guanis de Barros
Published: December 2013

INTRODUÇÃO: Cerca de um terço do dia se passa no local de trabalho. Neste sentido, estratégias que beneficiem a qualidade de vida do trabalhador são importantes. OBJETIVO: Investigar fatores determinantes na qualidade de vida, após três meses de programas de promoção à saúde do trabalhador. MÉTODOS: Um delineamento experimental foi usado para verificar os desfechos na qualidade de vida de 190 trabalhadores. As intervenções duraram três meses. A empresa A recebeu a ginástica laboral, cartazes com recomendações de saúde e qualidade de vida e software computacional; a empresa B recebeu ginástica laboral; a empresa C teve cartazes com recomendações de saúde e qualidade de vida e software computacional; a Empresa D foi o controle. Todas as avaliações da qualidade de vida no trabalho ocorreram por intermédio do QVS-80. Para análise dos dados foi utilizada a estatística descritiva, o teste Z e o teste alpha de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: Os principais fatores que interferiram na qualidade de vida foram: prática de atividade física voltada à estética, condição física, tabagismo, atividade física por recomendação médica, tempo sentado, vida em família, qualidade do sono, renda. Comparando-os com dados nacionais com os do presente estudo para todas as doenças crônicas autorreferidas, foram observadas diferenças estatísticas significantes. A prática de atividade física por motivos estéticos parece ser a variável que mais influencia negativamente na percepção de qualidade de vida. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados obtidos ajudam a refletir sobre a importância de estratégias combinadas como a efetuação da prática de atividade física e o entendimento dos componentes do estilo de vida no ambiente de trabalho.
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment and Adjustment of Cancer Treatment
Authors: Slee-Valentijn Monique S. , Maier Andrea B.
Published: December 2013

A comprehensive geriatric assessment predicts classical oncologic outcome; however, evidence of comprehensive geriatric assessment-tailored treatment is still missing. Research is needed to drive evidence-based change in oncologic treatment and recognition of the potential value of geriatricians on an oncology team.
Simulation of repository gas migration in a bentonite buffer
Authors: Vardon Philip James , Thomas Hywel Rhys , Masum Shakil Al , Chen Qing , Nicholson Duncan
Published: December 2013

The inventory of high-level radioactive waste in the UK is likely to be disposed of in a geological disposal facility, which will generate gases due to processes such as anoxic metal corrosion and water radiolysis. Such gases have the potential to migrate through the repository system and may be detrimental to the engineered barrier system by damaging the physical fabric of the buffer material through the build-up of pressure. An investigation into the migration of gases and the ranges of gas pressures expected in such a repository is presented. A model of gas transport is presented to simulate the transport of gases in conjunction with coupled thermo-hydro-chemical-mechanical processes. This model includes a boundary condition linking the corrosion behaviour to gas generation and water supply. A realistic range of gas generation rates has been established from available data alongside realistic ranges of material properties of a bentonite buffer. Numerical simulations were then undertaken for a range of realistic scenarios considering the corrosion processes and buffer properties. It was found that in all realistic cases, including realistic maxima and minima considered, the risk of pneumatic fracture was negligible.
Bearing capacity improvement of anisotropic sand ground
Authors: Kawamura Shima , Miura Seiichi
Published: December 2013

Bearing capacity of anisotropic sand beds beneath structures subjected to monotonic and cyclic loadings was experimentally elucidated. Using a model ground of Toyoura sand prepared by the air-pluviation method, a series of loading tests on model structures under several foundation conditions was carried out. Firstly, the effect of fabric anisotropy on bearing capacity and its mobilisation mechanism was revealed, and secondly the applicability of countermeasures constructed by side walls and sheet piles on the bearing capacity was investigated on sand deposits with fabric anisotropy. The test results showed that fabric anisotropy of sand deposits affects the bearing capacity remarkably under monotonic and cyclic loading conditions, and that constructions of side wall and sheet piles are advantageous as countermeasures against ground failures, although their prevention effects on bearing capacity vary with the changes in depositional conditions.
Steel bracing configurations for seismic retrofitting of a reinforced concrete frame
Authors: Faella Ciro , Lima Carmine , Martinelli Enzo , Realfonzo Roberto
Published: December 2013

Steel bracings are among the most common and potentially effective technical solutions for enhancing the seismic safety of existing reinforced concrete structures. Nevertheless, several issues dealing with both analysis and design of steel bracings for retrofitting reinforced conrete frames remain unresolved. This paper presents a study inspired by a practical retrofitting project of a reinforced concrete frame with concentric X-bracings. Specifically, it proposes a discussion about the consequences and implications of assuming three different configurations for the steel diagonals, chosen from among the architecturally compatible ones. A detailed description of the as-built reinforced concrete frame is first presented, along with key information about the procedure followed to design the bracing diagonals. Then, after having outlined the numerical models employed to simulate the mechanical response of both concrete and steel members, the results of a series of non-linear time-history analyses are reported and discussed with the aim of highlighting the key advantages and disadvantages of adopting the three alternative bracing configurations. In this regard, particularly critical aspects, such as the actions transferred to foundations, the stresses achieved in beam-to-columns joints and the distribution of forces throughout the existing reinforced concrete members, are considered to compare the performance of the three alternative bracing patterns.
A comparative study of attitudes and preferences for water efficiency in homes
Authors: Balnave Jean , Adeyeye Kemi
Published: December 2013

Water efficiency is the optimised use of water commensurate to need. Achieving water efficiency has, in the last decade, become an increasingly important part of policy programmes to ensure resource resilience and future supply. This study originated from a growing body of literature which purports differences in environmental behaviour in urban and rural residents. It presents initial findings from surveys conducted in two communities in Sussex, England. The objective of the study was to investigate and compare collective views on water efficiency by comparing users in different geographical contexts. The survey conducted in a rural and urban community started with the general assessment of basic household demographics and characteristics before investigating both water and energy use. Questions include factors that encourage or discourage water efficiency behaviour, views on information-led water efficiency interventions and limitations to the adoption of water efficient technologies. The paper concludes by discussing the differences and similarities found and the extent to which the findings are usable in water efficiency policies and processes, although it is worth highlighting that this study is the first set of a series of studies and is limited in its breadth.
Comparison of extracts and toxicities of organic compounds in drinking water concentrated by single and composite XAD resins
Authors: Zhou Xue , Xiang Lunhui , Wu Fenghong , Peng Xiaoling , Xie Hong , Wang Jiachun , Yang Kedi , Lu Wenqing , Wu Zhigang
Published: December 2013

We compared extracts and toxicities of organic compounds (OCs) in drinking water concentrated by composite XAD-2/8 resin (mixed with an equal volume of XAD-2 and XAD-8 resins) with those extracted by single XAD-2 (non-polar) and XAD-8 (polar) resins. Drinking water was processed from raw water of the Han River and the Yangtze River in Wuhan section, China. The extraction efficiency of all resins was controlled at 30%. The types of extracted OCs were detected by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were assessed by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and comet assays, respectively, in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Our results showed that XAD-2/8 extracted a larger variety of OCs, compared with XAD-8 and XAD-2. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of extracted OCs were in the order of XAD-8> XAD-2/8> XAD-2 at almost all tested concentrations after 24 h treatment (P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that single XAD resin selectively extracts either polar or non-polar OCs, which would lead to over- or under-estimation of the toxicity of drinking water. Nevertheless, composite resin extracts both polar and non-polar OCs, and could be utilized as a useful extraction technique to evaluate the level and toxicity of OCs in drinking water.
Improving water quality communications at beaches: input from stakeholders
Authors: Pratap Preethi L. , Redman Sarah , Fagen Michael C. , Dorevitch Samuel
Published: December 2013

Objectives: Water quality communication practices vary widely and stakeholder input has not played a role in defining acceptable levels of risk. Although the 2012 Recreational Water Quality Criteria (RWQC) emphasize the importance of promptly notifying the public about hazardous conditions, little is known about the public's understanding of notifications, or about levels of risk deemed acceptable. We sought to address these gaps.

Methods: A mixed methods approach was used. Focus groups (FGs) provided qualitative data regarding the understanding of surface water quality, awareness, and use, of currently available water quality information, and acceptability of risk. Intercept interviews (INTs) at recreation sites provided quantitative data.

Results: INTs of 374 people and 15 FG sessions were conducted. Participants had limited awareness about water quality information posted at beaches, even during swim bans and advisories. Participants indicated that communication content should be current, from a trusted source, and describe health consequences. Communicating via mobile electronics should be useful for segments of the population. Risk acceptability is lower with greater outcome severity, or if children are impacted.

Conclusions: Current water quality communications approaches must be enhanced to make notification programs more effective. Further work should build on this initial effort to evaluate risk acceptability among US beachgoers.
Monochloramine and chlorine dioxide for controlling Legionella pneumophila contamination: biocide levels and disinfection by-product formation in hospital water networks
Authors: Marchesi Isabella , Ferranti Greta , Bargellini Annalisa , Marchegiano Patrizia , Predieri Guerrino , Stout Janet E. , Borella Paola
Published: December 2013

Legionella colonization in hospital hot water distribution networks was evaluated following 36 months of continuous treatment with monochloramine and compared with chlorine dioxide. Nitrite, nitrate, chlorite, chlorate, bromide, trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids as well as the biocide concentration at sampled points were measured. Only 8/84 samples treated with monochloramine were found contaminated and after the first 8 months of treatment no Legionella was isolated. Chlorine dioxide was associated with a strong reduction in Legionella contamination compared to pre-treatment, but differences according to the device were observed. Monochloramine between 2 and 3 mg l−1 and chlorine dioxide between 0.50 and 0.70 mg l−1 were needed to control Legionella colonization. Comparing no- and post-flush samples, a higher frequency of no-flush positive samples was noted using chlorine dioxide, suggesting an increased risk for patients when they open the tap. No increase in chlorite levels and no water nitrification occurred by using monochloramine. Chlorite at levels exceeding the limit requested for drinking water was measured when chlorine dioxide was applied. In conclusion, we highlight that continuous injection of monochloramine should be considered as an effective alternative to chlorine dioxide in controlling legionellae contamination inside hospital water distribution systems.
Quantitative characterization of the inhibitory effects of salt, humic acid, and heavy metals on the recovery of waterborne norovirus by electropositive filters
Authors: Kim MinJung , Ko GwangPyo
Published: December 2013

The virus adsorption-elution technique (VIRADEL) using electropositively charged filters is used frequently for recovering enteric viruses from water. The filter-absorbed virus is typically eluted, concentrated, and subsequently detected by culture or molecular methods. Human norovirus (HuNoV), one of the most important waterborne pathogens, cannot be cultivated by conventional culture methods and is typically detected using a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. However, it is plausible that various inhibitors could be concentrated simultaneously during the VIRADEL process and affect RT-PCR assays. In this study, we evaluated the effect of typical inhibitors, including humic acid, heavy metals, and salt, on the recovery of norovirus by two different electropositive filters: 1MDS and Nanoceram. Known amounts of HuNoV and murine norovirus were inoculated in 1 L of surface water containing various concentrations of humic acid, heavy metals (cadmium and lead), or NaCl. Our results indicate that the presence of heavy metals or salt significantly reduced the recovery of virus from the electropositive filters. Thus, care should be taken when analyzing waterborne norovirus using electropositive filters in environments with high concentrations of heavy metal inhibitors or salts.
Field comparison of solar water disinfection (SODIS) efficacy between glass and polyethylene terephalate (PET) plastic bottles under sub-Saharan weather conditions
Authors: Asiimwe J. K. , Quilty B. , Muyanja C. K. , McGuigan K. G.
Published: December 2013

Concerns about photodegradation products leaching from plastic bottle material into water during solar water disinfection (SODIS) are a major psychological barrier to increased uptake of SODIS. In this study, a comparison of SODIS efficacy using glass and plastic polyethylene terephalate (PET) bottles was carried out under strong real sunlight and overcast weather conditions at Makerere University in central Uganda. Both clear and turbid natural water samples from shallow wells and open dug wells, respectively, were used. Efficacy was determined from the inactivation of a wild strain of Escherichia coli in solar-exposed contaminated water in both glass and PET bottles. The studies reveal no significant difference in SODIS inactivation between glass and PET bottles (95% CI, p > 0.05), for all water samples under the different weather conditions except for clear water under overcast conditions where there was a small but significant difference (95% CI, p = 0.047) with less viable bacterial counts in PET bottles at two intermediate time points but not at the end of the exposure. The results demonstrate that SODIS efficacy in glass under tropical field conditions is comparable to PET plastic. SODIS users in these regions can choose either of reactors depending on availability and preference of the user.
Detection and characterization of human pathogenic viruses circulating in community wastewater using multi target microarrays and polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Wong Mark V. M. , Hashsham Syed A. , Gulari Erdogan , Rouillard Jean-Marie , Aw Tiong Gim , Rose Joan B.
Published: December 2013

Sewage pollution remains the most significant source of human waterborne pathogens. This study describes the detection and characterization of human enteric viruses in community wastewaters using cell culture coupled with multiple target microarrays (with a total of 780 unique probes targeting 27 different groups of both DNA and RNA viruses) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Over a 13-month sampling period, RNA viruses (astroviruses and enteroviruses) were more frequently detected compared to DNA viruses (adenoviruses, particularly type 41 and BK polyomavirus). Overall, many more viruses were shed during the winter months (December–February) compared to the summer months. Exploration of the multiple types of enteric viruses particularly in winter months identified much more significant prevalence of key viral pathogens associated with sewage pollution of the water environment than previously realized and seasonal disinfection used in some parts of the world may lead to a seeding of ambient waters. Molecular characterization of pathogenic viruses in community wastewater will improve the understanding of the potential risk of waterborne disease transmission of viral pathogens.
Misoprostol Vaginal Insert for Induction of Labor: A Delivery System with Accurate Dosing and Rapid Discontinuation
Authors: Stephenson Megan L , Hawkins J Seth , Powers Barbara L , Wing Deborah A
Published: December 2013

Labor induction and cervical ripening are widely utilized and new methods are constantly being investigated. Prostaglandins have been shown to be effective labor induction agents and, in particular, were compared with other prostaglandin preparations; vaginal misoprostol used off-label was associated with reduced failure to achieve vaginal delivery. The challenge is to provide this medication with the correct dosing for this indication and with the ability to discontinue the medication if needed, all while ensuring essential maternal and neonatal safety. The misoprostol vaginal insert initiates cervical ripening using a delivery system that controls misoprostol release and can be rapidly removed. This article reviews the development, safety and efficacy of the misoprostol vaginal insert for induction of labor and cervical ripening, and will focus on vaginally administered prostaglandins.
Targeted Therapy in Uterine Serous Carcinoma: An Aggressive Variant of Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Black Jonathan D , English Diana P , Roque Dana M , Santin Alessandro D
Published: December 2013

Uterine serous carcinoma (USC) is a highly aggressive variant of endometrial cancer. Although it only represents less than 10% of all cases, it accounts for a disproportionate number of deaths from endometrial cancer. Comprehensive surgical staging followed by carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy represents the mainstay of USC therapy. Vaginal cuff brachytherapy is also of potential benefit in USC. Recent whole-exome sequencing studies have demonstrated gain of function of the HER2/NEU gene, as well as driver mutations in the PIK3CA/AKT/mTOR and cyclin E/FBXW7 oncogenic pathways in a large number of USCs. These results emphasize the relevance of these novel therapeutic targets for biologic therapy of chemotherapy-resistant recurrent USC.
Image Guided Radiotherapy by CBCT based Position Verification in High Risk Carcinoma Prostate - an Indian experience and review of literature
Authors: Agrawal Rashi , Singh Dinesh , De Sudarsan , Gupta Sweety
Published: December 2013

Introduction-External beam radiotherapy is one of the principle treatment options for locally advanced prostate cancer. Over the past several decades, RT techniques have evolved to allow higher doses of radiation to be administered safely. We report our experience of Image guided intensity modulated radiotherapy (IGRT) and CBCT based position verification. Material and methods- In this study we are presenting data of 17 consecutive patients that were treated from august 2009 to october 2010. All patients received 76 -78 Gy Gy to clinical target volume for primary disease. Daily online matching was performed by using KV CBCT scan before treatment. In each patient, soft tissue (prostate) matching was done by the radiation oncologist. Results – Median Follow up of our patients is 16 months with minimum follow up of 13 months. 3(17.6%) patients developed grade 2 acute rectal toxicity and 4 (23.5%) bladder toxicity. Till date none of our patients had late bladder or rectal toxicity. None of our patient developed local recurrence. Conclusion-Our study concludes that we can follow the dose escalation with CBCT based position verification .With CBCT we can consider entire prostate and normal structures volume for localization. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i2.8382 Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(2014): 14-20