bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Riqueza, Abundancia y Ecología de Insectos acuáticos recogidos en Tabatinga, Benjamin Constant y Leticia
Authors: Da Silva Santana Romário , Reis do Rosário Patricia , Landazuri de Aguiar Thays
Published: March 2019

La selva amazónica es apuntada como el más rico y diversificado bioma del planeta, presentando una vasta abundancia y diversidad de insectos acuáticos. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo inventariar la riqueza y abundancia de la fauna de insectos acuáticos encontrados en pequeñas quebradas de la Amazonia brasileña y colombiana relacionando aspectos ecológicos en cuanto al nivel de perturbación antrópica. La investigación se realizó mensualmente, entre los meses de octubre de 2015 a abril de 2016 donde se capturaron 430 insectos, pertenecientes a seis órdenes diferentes, con predominio de Ephemeroptera con más del 43%. El estudio representa una importante contribución para el conocimiento de insectos acuáticos representando riqueza, abundancia y aspectos ecológicos de los organismos recolectados para el conocimiento de la biodiversidad y posteriormente realizar proyecto de manejo y conservación ambiental local y regional.
La aplicación del aula invertida como propuesta metodológica en el aprendizaje de matemática
Authors: Guerrero Salazar Christian , Prieto López Yeimer , Noroña Medina Joaquín
Published: March 2019

Se presentó una investigación que abordó uno de los principales problemas que se presentan a la hora de enseñar Matemática, es precisamente buscar las formas metodológicas adecuadas que permitan el desarrollo de las competencias académicas en los estudiantes, sin caer en la mecanización de los procesos o la memorización indiscriminada de definiciones y propiedades que poco o nada aportan ya al desarrollo de los verdaderos aprendizajes. Se partió de una sistematización teórica que permitió determinar los principales fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos que sustentan el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Matemática, así como el empleo coherente de las aulas invertidas. Se emplearon métodos teóricos como el análisis y la síntesis, de lo abstracto a lo concreto y el histórico lógico, que permitieron realizar una propuesta metodológica basada en el aula invertida.
El derecho humano a la salud y a la salud visual en particular
Authors: Fonseca Borges Tania , Cabanes Espino Iris , Goyas Céspedes Lianet
Published: March 2019

En el presente trabajo, se analizaron las particularidades del derecho humano a la salud, con especial énfasis en la salud visual, desde la perspectiva esencialmente jurídica, fundamentalmente en el ordenamiento jurídico ecuatoriano, con un enfoque de resultados concretos en la práctica médica, a fin de demostrar la interconexión existente entre todos los derechos humanos, y el papel decisivo que le corresponde a la educación en la garantía y desarrollo de estos. Se utilizaron fundamentalmente los siguientes métodos científicos; el de análisis-síntesis; método sistémico; el método causal, la observación, y el análisis de contenido
Diseño e implementación de campañas de marketing y publicidad para emprendimientos
Authors: Armijos Delgado Nancy Maria
Published: March 2019

El presente trabajo de investigación se desarrolló en la ciudad de Loja, en el período 2016 - 2017, dirigido al grupo de emprendedores y pequeños empresarios pertenecientes al Centro de apoyo y asistencia municipal social “San Juan Bosco”, ejecutado por la Universidad Internacional del Ecuador Extensión Loja, a través de la Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas y Económicas, mediante convenio suscrito con el Municipio de Loja (GAD Loja). El objetivo fue implementar campañas de marketing y publicidad para fortalecer las capacidades emprendedores y empoderamiento económico, para potenciar sus negocios; se desarrolló un programa de seis talleres de capacitación, brindando una formación especializada a cada uno de los participantes, orientada a fortalecer los conocimientos teóricos, prácticos, destrezas y habilidades manuales desarrollando la actividad comercial con la presentación y marca de sus productos, capacitándolos para el comercio y las exposiciones en las ferias de emprendimiento desarrolladas en la ciudad de Loja, tratando de lograr el mejoramiento de sus ingresos económicos.
Variables asociadas a dislipidemia aterogénica y obesidad visceral en el personal de una empresa pública de Riobamba, Ecuador
Authors: Heredia-Aguirre Susana , Yanez Moretta Patricio
Published: March 2019

Resumen: la Dislipidemia Aterogénica es una alteración lipo proteica; constituye un factor asociado a enfermedades cardiovasculares. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue el de determinar variables asociadas a Dislipidemia Aterogénica y Obesidad Visceral en el personal que labora en una Empresa Pública de la ciudad de Riobamba. Se tomaron medidas antropométricas y valores bioquímicos. Los participantes fueron 105 adultos (73% hombres, 27 % mujeres). Al evaluar su estado nutricional: 35% presentó obesidad y 40% sobrepeso; el porcentaje de masa de grasa visceral observado fue  un 18% muy alto, y 43% alto; circunferencia de cintura el 73 % la tiene elevada. Al valorar los exámenes bioquímicos, se estimó la existencia de un 16% con Dislipidemia y  pre-diabetes un 24%. Al relacionar la Dislipidemia Aterogénica con la Obesidad Visceral se obtuvo una relación positiva significativa. Las variables analizadas evidencian en algunas personas la presencia de un síndrome metabólico y diabetes tipo 2. Se deben analizar y mejorar las rutinas alimenticias en la mayoría de personas analizadas, así como promover un estilo de vida más saludable.

 Palabras clave: Dislipidemia aterogénica, obesidad visceral, síndrome metabólico, Riobamba.
Impact of GP gatekeeping on quality of care, and health outcomes, use, and expenditure: a systematic review
Authors: Sripa Poompong , Hayhoe Benedict , Garg Priya , Majeed Azeem , Greenfield Geva
Published: March 2019

Background

GPs often act as gatekeepers, authorising patients’ access to specialty care. Gatekeeping is frequently perceived as lowering health service use and health expenditure. However, there is little evidence suggesting that gatekeeping is more beneficial than direct access in terms of patient- and health-related outcomes.

Aim

To establish the impact of GP gatekeeping on quality of care, health use and expenditure, and health outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Design and setting

A systematic review.

Method

The databases MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant articles using a search strategy. Two authors independently screened search results and assessed the quality of studies.

Results

Electronic searches identified 4899 studies (after removing duplicates), of which 25 met the inclusion criteria. Gatekeeping was associated with better quality of care and appropriate referral for further hospital visits and investigation. However, one study reported unfavourable outcomes for patients with cancer under gatekeeping, and some concerns were raised about the accuracy of diagnoses made by gatekeepers. Gatekeeping resulted in fewer hospitalisations and use of specialist care, but inevitably was associated with more primary care visits. Patients were less satisfied with gatekeeping than direct-access systems.

Conclusion

Gatekeeping was associated with lower healthcare use and expenditure, and better quality of care, but with lower patient satisfaction. Survival rate of patients with cancer in gatekeeping schemes was significantly lower than those in direct access, although primary care gatekeeping was not otherwise associated with delayed patient referral. The long-term outcomes of gatekeeping arrangements should be carefully studied before devising new gatekeeping policies.
Distribution of Sea Urchins in Punta Dumalag, Matina Aplaya, Davao City
Authors: Sonico Marnie Grace I.
Published: March 2019

This study investigated the distribution and diversity of sea urchins along the intertidal zone of Punta Dumalag, Matina Aplaya, Davao City. A total of 100 quadrats (1m x 1 m) spaced 5 m apart, in 3 transects laid perpendicular to the shoreline, recorded a total of 347 individuals, resolved into 5 species, namely, Echinometra mathaei (rock- boring or common sea urchin), Echinothrix calamaris (Hatpin urchin), Diadema setosum (long-spine or “tuyom”), Prionocidaris verticillata (rough spine urchin), and Diadema savignyi. Among the 347 individuals recorded, Echinometra mathaei was the most abundant in the site with a total of 286 individuals. Shannon-Weiner Diversity Analysis (0.602) suggests low species diversity. Physicochemical measurements such as water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and salinity revealed that the study site is suitable for the culture of sea urchins.

Read full article here.
A STUDY ON ANALYTICAL T-STUB PRYING MODELS FOR RHS JOINTS IN TENSION
Authors: Mudrov Andrej , Šaučiuvėnas Gintas , Šapalas Antanas
Published: March 2019

The article investigates analytical models for calculation of tension capacity of axially-loaded RHS end-plate joints bolted along two and four sides of the tube in order to investigate the phenomena of prying. Design of such joints is impeded by lack of rules in EN 1993-1-8 and it raises the question whether the Eurocode 3 equivalent T-stub in the tension component should contain integrated assumptions from the AISC/CIDECT/CISC design guides. This paper considers the effect of the bolt hole on the length of the plastic hinge and compares different T-stub models with various assumptions. The behaviour and collapse mechanism of joints with non-preloaded and preloaded bolts was tested during an experiment. The statistical analysis of the test results of 47 joints found in the literature in conjunction with 7 tests determined that it was preferable to use a common approach for connections bolted along two and four sides. Additionally, a limitation of a minimum flange thickness is specified. The performed research has disclosed the benefits and shortcomings of the T-stub models and justified recommendations for their improvement.
RESEARCH ON FINANCING ECOLOGY AND FINANCING EFFICIENCY OF STRATEGIC EMERGING INDUSTRIES IN CHINA
Authors: Xu Ke , Geng Chengxuan , Wei Xiaoshu
Published: March 2019

After integrating external ecological and endogenous factors of the development of the industry, the paper builds a financing ecology index system, and analyses the financing ecology of strategic emerging industries in recent years. Then the paper further analyses the influence of external and internal financing ecology on financing efficiency. The results show that the financing ecology of the strategic emerging industries, external financing ecology in particular, is in the continuous improvement. The financing efficiency is significantly positively correlated with the macro-economy level and the internal financing ecology, and significantly negatively correlated with the role of government. There is a positive but non-significant correlation between financial development and financing efficiency, meanwhile a negative and non-significant correlation between credit environment and financing efficiency. The internal and external financing ecology can be replaced to some extent. Therefore, the strategic emerging industries should give full consideration to the synergistic optimization of the endogenous factors and external financing ecology so as to improve the financing efficiency.
Shape and Rotational Motion Models for Tumbling and Monolithic Asteroid 2012 TC4: High Time Resolution Light Curve with the Tomo-e Gozen Camera
Authors: Urakawa Seitaro , Ohsawa Ryou , Sako Shigeyuki , Okumura Shin-ichiro , Sakurai Yuri , Takahashi Jun , Imamura Kazuyoshi , Naito Hiroyuki , Watanabe Fumitake , Nagayoshi Ryoma , Murakami Yasuhiko , Okazaki Ryo , Sekiguchi Tomohiko , Ishiguro Masateru , Michikami Tatsuhiro , Yoshikawa Makoto
Published: March 2019

We present visible and near-infrared observations of a near-Earth object (NEO), 2012 TC4. The NEO 2012 TC4 approached close to Earth at a distance of about 50,000 km in 2017 October. This close approach provided a practical exercise for planetary defense. This apparition was also an appropriate opportunity to investigate 2012 TC4, which is a monolithic asteroid. We conducted the observation campaign of 2012 TC4 using six small- and medium-sized telescopes. The multiband photometry analysis showed the taxonomic class of 2012 TC4 to be an X type. In particular, we successfully obtained the high time resolution light curve of 2012 TC4 with the Tomo-e Gozen camera, which is the world’s first wide-field CMOS camera, mounted on the 1.05 m Schmidt telescope at Kiso Observatory. The shape and rotational motion models of 2012 TC4 were derived from the light curve. When 2012 TC4 was assumed to be a triaxial ellipsoid, the rotational and precession periods were 8.47 ± 0.01 minutes and 12.25 ± 0.01 minutes, respectively, with the long-axis mode. This indicates that 2012 TC4 is a tumbling and monolithic asteroid. The shape models showed the plausible axial lengths to be 6.2 × 8.0 × 14.9 m or 3.3 × 8.0 × 14.3 m. The flattened and elongated shape indicates that 2012 TC4 is a fragment produced by an impact event. We also estimated the excitation timescale, which implied that the impact event happened within ∼3 × 105 yr and 2012 TC4 has a fresh surface.
PTF14jg: The Remarkable Outburst and Post-burst Evolution of a Previously Anonymous Galactic Star
Authors: Hillenbrand Lynne A. , Miller Adam A. , Carpenter John M. , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Isaacson Howard , Tang Sumin , Joshi Vishal , Banerjee D. P. K. , Cutri Roc M.
Published: March 2019

We report the outbursting source PTF 14jg, which, prior to the onset of its late 2013 eruption, was a faint, unstudied, and virtually uncataloged star. The salient features of the PTF 14jg outburst are (i) projected location near the W4 H ii region and radial velocity consistent with physical association; (ii) a light curve that underwent an ∼6–7 mag optical (R-band) through mid-infrared (L-band) brightening on a timescale of a few months, peaked and then faded by ∼3 mag, but plateaued still >3.5 mag above quiescence by ∼8 months post-peak, lasting to at least 4 yr after eruption; (iii) strong outflow signatures with velocities reaching −530

; (iv) a low-gravity and broad (∼100–150

FWHM) optical absorption-line spectrum that systematically changes its spectral type with wavelength; (v) lithium; and (vi) ultraviolet and infrared excess. We tentatively identify the outburst as exhibiting characteristics of a young star FU Ori event. However, the burst would be unusually hot, with an absorption spectrum exhibiting high-excitation (∼11,000–15,000 K) lines in the optical and no evidence of CO in the near-infrared, in addition to exhibiting an unusual light curve. We thus also consider alternative scenarios—including various forms of novae, nuclear-burning instabilities, massive star events, and mergers—finding them all inferior to the atypically hot FU Ori star classification. The source eventually may be interpreted as a new category of young star outburst with a larger amplitude and shorter rise time than most FU Ori–like events.
Chandra-HETGS Characterization of an Outflowing Wind in the Accreting Millisecond Pulsar IGR J17591–2342
Authors: Nowak Michael A. , Paizis Adamantia , Jaisawal Gaurava Kumar , Chenevez Jérôme , Chaty Sylvain , Fortin Francis , Rodriguez Jérôme , Wilms Jörn
Published: March 2019

An accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar, IGR J17591−2342 was discovered in 2018 August in scans of the Galactic bulge and center by the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory X-ray and gamma-ray observatory. It exhibited an unusual outburst profile with multiple peaks in the X-ray, as observed by several X-ray satellites over 3 months. Here we present observations of this source performed in the X-ray/gamma-ray and near-infrared domains and focus on a simultaneous observation performed with the Chandra High Energy Transmission Gratings Spectrometer (HETGS) and the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER). The HETGS provides high-resolution spectra of the Si edge region that yield clues as to the source’s distance and reveal evidence (at 99.999% significance) of an outflow with a velocity of 2800 km s−1. We demonstrate good agreement between the NICER and HETGS continua, provided that one properly accounts for the differing manners in which these instruments view the dust-scattering halo in the source’s foreground. Unusually, we find a possible set of Ca lines in the HETGS spectra (with significances ranging from 97.0% to 99.7%). We hypothesize that IGR J17591−2342 is a neutron star low-mass X-ray binary at the distance of the Galactic bulge or beyond that may have formed from the collapse of a white dwarf system in a rare, calcium-rich Type Ib supernova explosion.
TESS Habitable Zone Star Catalog
Authors: Kaltenegger L. , Pepper J. , Stassun K. , Oelkers R.
Published: March 2019

We present the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) Habitable Zone Stars Catalog, a list of 1822 nearby stars with a TESS magnitude brighter than T = 12 and reliable distances from Gaia DR2, around which the NASA’s TESS mission can detect transiting planets, which receive Earth-like irradiation. For all those stars TESS is sensitive down to 2 Earth radii transiting planets during one transit. For 408 stars TESS can detect such planets down to 1 Earth-size during one transit. For 1690 stars, TESS has the sensitivity to detect planets down to 1.6 times Earth-size, a commonly used limit for rocky planets in the literature, receiving Earth-analog irradiation. We select stars from the TESS Candidate Target List, based on TESS Input Catalog Version 7. We update their distances using Gaia Data Release 2, and determine whether the stars will be observed for long enough during the 2 yr prime mission to probe their Earth-equivalent orbital distance for transiting planets. We discuss the subset of 227 stars for which TESS can probe the full extent of the Habitable Zone, the full region around a star out to about a Mars-equivalent orbit. Observing the TESS Habitable Zone Catalog Stars will also give us deeper insight into the occurrence rate of planets, out to Earth-analog irradiation as well as in the Habitable Zone, especially around cool stars. We present the stars by decreasing angular separation of the 1 au equivalent distance to provide insights into which stars to prioritize for ground-based follow-up observations with upcoming extremely large telescopes.
Influence of cultural contexts on the appreciation of different cultural ecosystem services based on social network analysis
Authors: Kilonzi Francisca , Ota Takahiro
Published: March 2019

Since the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, ecosystem science domain has made tremendous progress in the study of ecosystem services, but debates on neglected cultural ecosystem services (CES) have persisted. A recent approach established by the Intergovernmental Panel for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) identifies and advocates incorporation of the CES through the role of local knowledge across other ecosystem services. However, approaches and tools that enable engagement of CES are limited. In this study, we examine how cultural contexts influence the appreciation of different CES, by identifying the behavioural aspects and the indigenous knowledge that has evolved on the basis of Social Network Analysis (SNA). SNA measures the network of relations between people and groups developed traditionally for a long time and their relational values with natural resources and ecosystem services. Through a comprehensive literature review of scholarly research published in Scopus data base, this study explicitly illustrates the interrelationship between SNA and CES. Keywords associated with SNA and cultural ecosystem services including forests, fisheries and agriculture (farming) were used. It was found that various aspects of social network uphold relational values of cultural importance and enhance resilience in groups amidst the social changes and times as societies progress. For instance, in the case of homophily, actors who are attracted to one another chose to interact in their defined network (e.g. fishing network) forming a strong social capital. Consequently, they shared similar beliefs and values that were eventually handed to the next generation of the network which shaped their heritage and identity. Social learning networks in various communities were also found to play a key role in information exchange and knowledge sharing among members compared to information from foreign technical experts. To fully integrate CES into sustainable decision making, this review suggests incorporation of the analysis of social networks formed in different cultural contexts globally.
Surgical Outcomes in Endoscopic Versus Open Bursectomy of the Septic Prepatellar or Olecranon Bursa
Authors: Meade Timothy C. , Briones Marcus S. , Fosnaugh Adam W. , Daily Jeffrey M.
Published: March 2019

In this study, the authors investigated the viability of endoscopic bursectomy as a treatment for septic prepatellar and olecranon bursitis. Conventional treatment of septic bursitis consists of aspiration, antibiotics, and rest. When conservative treatment fails, however, surgical intervention is sometimes required to resolve the infection. Typical surgical intervention consists of open bursectomy, in which the infected bursa is excised via an incision in the region of the skin directly above the bursa. The tenuous nature of the blood supply to this region of the skin results in a rather high rate of wound healing issues such as necrosis and wound dehiscence. Recently, endoscopy has been proposed as a less invasive means of bursectomy, although initially it was only recommended for cases of aseptic bursitis. A degree of uncertainty has persisted in the literature as to whether endoscopic bursectomy allows for sufficient debridement of the infected tissue to avoid recurrence of bursitis. The authors report on 27 cases in which endoscopic bursectomy was performed for recalcitrant septic bursitis. Fourteen of these cases were septic olecranon bursitis and 13 were septic prepatellar bursitis. The authors reported good results, with no wound healing complications and only 1 minor recurrence. They also reported much shorter hospital stays than have been reported both for more conservative treatments of septic bursitis and in other case series on endoscopic bursectomy. The authors conclude that endoscopic bursectomy is a superior alternative to open bursectomy for the treatment of recalcitrant septic prepatellar and olecranon bursitis. [
Orthopedics.
2019; 42(4):e381–e384.]
Engel's Law in the Global Economy: Demand‐Induced Patterns of Structural Change, Innovation, and Trade
Authors: Matsuyama Kiminori
Published: March 2019

Endogenous demand composition across sectors due to income elasticity differences, or
Engel's Law for brevity, affects (i) sectoral compositions in employment and in value‐added, (ii) variations in innovation rates and in productivity change across sectors, (iii) intersectoral patterns of trade across countries, and (iv) product cycles from rich to poor countries. Using a two‐country model of directed technical change with a continuum of sectors under nonhomothetic preferences, which is rich enough to capture all these effects as well as their interactions, this paper offers a unifying perspective on how economic growth and globalization affect the patterns of structural change, innovation, and trade across countries and across sectors in the presence of Engel's Law. Among the main messages is that globalization amplifies, instead of reducing, the power of endogenous domestic demand composition differences as a driver of structural change.
Take the Short Route: Equilibrium Default and Debt Maturity
Authors: Aguiar Mark , Amador Manuel , Hopenhayn Hugo , Werning Iván
Published: March 2019

We study the interactions between sovereign debt default and maturity choice in a setting with limited commitment for repayment as well as future debt issuances. Our main finding is that, under a wide range of conditions, the sovereign should, as long as default is not preferable, remain passive in long‐term bond markets, making payments and retiring long‐term bonds as they mature but never actively issuing or buying back such bonds. The only active debt‐management margin is the short‐term bond market. We show that any attempt to manipulate the existing maturity profile of outstanding long‐term bonds generates losses, as bond prices move against the sovereign. Our results hold regardless of the shape of the yield curve. The yield curve captures the average costs of financing at different maturities but is misleading regarding the marginal costs.
Mechanisms With Evidence: Commitment and Robustness
Authors: Ben-Porath Elchanan , Dekel Eddie , Lipman Barton L.
Published: March 2019

We show that in a class of
I‐agent mechanism design problems with evidence, commitment is unnecessary, randomization has no value, and robust incentive compatibility has no cost. In particular, for each agent
i, we construct a simple disclosure game between the principal and agent
i where the equilibrium strategies of the agents in these disclosure games give their equilibrium strategies in the game corresponding to the mechanism but where the principal is not committed to his response. In this equilibrium, the principal obtains the same payoff as in the optimal mechanism with commitment. As an application, we show that certain costly verification models can be characterized using equilibrium analysis of an associated model of evidence.
Peer‐Confirming Equilibrium
Authors: Lipnowski Elliot , Sadler Evan
Published: March 2019

We can often predict the behavior of those closest to us more accurately than that of complete strangers, yet we routinely engage in strategic situations with both: our social network impacts our strategic knowledge. Peer‐confirming equilibrium describes the behavioral consequences of this intuition in a noncooperative game. We augment a game with a network to represent strategic information: if two players are linked in the network, they have correct conjectures about each others' strategies. In peer‐confirming equilibrium, there is common belief that players (i) behave rationally and (ii) correctly anticipate neighbors' play. In simultaneous‐move games, adding links to the network always restricts the set of outcomes. In dynamic games, the outcome set may vary non‐monotonically with the network because the actions of well‐connected players help poorly‐connected players coordinate. This solution concept provides a useful language for studying public good provision, highlights a new channel through which central individuals facilitate coordination, and delineates possible sources of miscoordination in protests and coups.
Cosmoclasme. Les images de la destruction du système des objets du culte aux xvie et xviie siècles
Authors: Dekoninck Ralph
Published: March 2019

Le présent article envisage les enjeux liés à la production d’images de la destruction des images à une époque, celle des guerres de religion, où s’invente précisément une rhétorique visuelle de la destruction en image des images. Il s’agit de montrer comment ces représentations ont contribué à forger un imaginaire iconoclaste, au double sens d’un portrait fantasmatique que l’on construit de celui qui adore ou détruit les images et d’un portrait qui cherche à le détruire, par toutes les formes de défiguration possibles. Il s’agit également de révéler, sous la notion commune d’« image », une réalité autrement plurielle. L’attention quasi exclusive portée aux peintures et sculptures dans les recherches sur l’iconoclasme occulte en effet une part essentielle des destructions perpétrées à l’époque et de leurs mises en scène imagées : elles touchèrent une grande variété d’objets qui ressortissaient aux ornamenta sacra, étroitement liés au culte eucharistique. On peut à ce titre parler de « cosmoclasme » pour désigner les destructions qui visèrent plus un système ou un monde ordonné très strictement que les objets-images qui le composaient.
Les iconoclasmes en Afrique : émergence d’un sujet d’étude
Authors: Strother Z. S.
Published: March 2019

Il est temps de reconnaître que les monuments et les œuvres d’art périssent souvent de mort violente en Afrique, qu’ils soient brûlés, enterrés, brisés ou jetés à l’eau. Bien que richement illustré pendant la période coloniale, l’iconoclasme est profondément ancré dans l’histoire du continent, et ce de façon continue, comme le montrent les études de cas puisés en Afrique orientale et centrale, en Éthiopie et en Afrique du Sud. Cet essai passe en revue la littérature émergeant sur le sujet et s’appuie sur de nouvelles recherches menées au Nigéria et dans la République démocratique du Congo. Parmi les thèmes abordés, on peut citer l’aniconisme (l’opposition aux représentations figuratives), l’impact de la période coloniale et l’avènement de meneurs africains charismatiques qui rendirent populaires les manifestations de destruction et de désacralisation, l’iconoclasme par procuration, les monuments, les artistes-iconoclastes, la relation entre l’iconoclasme et le musée.
Gotta catch ‘em all or not enough time: Users motivations for playing Pokémon Go™ and non-users’ reasons for not installing
Authors: Broom David Robert , Lee Ka Yiu , Lam Michael Huen Sum , Flint Stuart William
Published: March 2019

Urban exergames are played in the real-world environment using built-in mobile phone sensors. The influence of Pokémon Go on physical activity and sitting time has been examined previously, however limited research has explored motivations for using the application. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore Pokémon Go users’ motivations for using the application, exusers’ reasons for abandoning the game and non-users’ reasons for not installing. After institutional ethical approval, the ‘Physical Activity and Pokémon Go’ questionnaire was developed using QualtricsTM and distributed using social media soon after launch in the United Kingdom (baseline). At baseline a total of 461 participants (n=193 male, n=265 female, n=3 transgender) who were predominantly white (n=420) and did not self-report a disability (n=443) completed the questionnaire. Users’ (n=236) were questioned on their motivations for using Pokémon Go and non-users’ provided reasons for not installing. At 3 months a total of 127 participants (n=23 users) completed the questionnaire again and all qualitative data was thematically analyzed. The most commonly reported reason for using Pokémon Go was ‘to have fun’ which was 86% and 83% at baseline and 3 months respectively. The second most frequent reason at baseline was ‘friends were using it’ (58%) and at 3 months was ‘to be outside’ (48%). The least common motivation for using Pokémon Go at both baseline and 3 months was ‘to meet new people’ (8% and 0% respectively). At baseline, social motives and competition were two general themes which encapsulated Pokémon Go users’ motivation for using the application. There were two general themes reported by Pokémon Go users’ as to why they did not think they would use the application in the future. These were application related factors and factors unrelated to Pokémon Go. Non-users reported a range of reasons for not using Pokémon Go, including lack of interest and a lack of time. Safety concerns and risk of adverse events were reported by both users and non-users. This is the first study to thematically analyze motives for using Pokémon Go in which the findings are: 1) future smartphone applications aiming to increase physical activity must ensure that objectives evolve to maintain initial interest and motivation to engage with applications; 2) game developers must consider the required phone storage and capability which could be a barrier to downloading; and 3) concerns of using the application including the safety of users and those around them.
Frieze patterns over integers and other subsets of the complex numbers
Authors: Cuntz Michael , Holm Thorsten
Published: March 2019

We study (tame) frieze patterns over subsets of the complex numbers, with particular emphasis on the corresponding quiddity cycles. We provide new general transformations for quiddity cycles of frieze patterns. As one application, we present a combinatorial model for obtaining the quiddity cycles of all tame frieze patterns over the integers (with zero entries allowed),generalising the classic Conway-Coxeter theory. This model is thus also a model for the set of specializations of cluster algebras of Dynkin type

A

in which all cluster variables are integers.

Moreover, we address the question of whether for a given height there are only finitely many non-zero frieze patterns over a given subset

R

of the complex numbers. Under certain conditions on

R

, we show upper bounds for the absolute values of entries in the quiddity cycles. As a consequence, we obtain that if

R

is a discrete subset of the complex numbers then for every height there are only finitely many non-zero frieze patterns over

R

. Using this, we disprove a conjecture of Fontaine, by showing that for a complex

d

-th root of unity

\zeta_d

there are only finitely many non-zero frieze patterns for a given height over

R=\mathbb{Z}[\zeta_d]

if and only if

d\in \{1,2,3,4,6\}

.
Root graded groups of rank 2
Authors: Mühlherr Bernhard , Weiss Richard M.
Published: March 2019

A Tits polygon is a bipartite graph in which the neighborhood of a vertex is endowed with an “opposition relation” satisfying certain properties. Moufang polygons are precisely the Tits polygons in which these opposition relations are all trivial. We introduce a version of the notion of a root graded group of rank 2 which generalizes the notion of a root datum for a spherical building (in rank 2) introduced by Tits in 1962 and show that this notion is equivalent to the notion of a Tits polygon. We apply this result to give a characterization of a large class of Tits hexagons associated with exceptional groups in arbitrary characteristic.
Формула следа для магнитного лапласиана
Authors: Kordyukov Yuri Arkadevich , Taimanov Iskander Asanovich
Published: March 2019

Формула следа Гийемина-Урибе представляет собой квазиклассическую версию формулы следа Сельберга и более общей формулы Дюйстермаата-Гийемина для эллиптических операторов на компактных многообразиях, отражающую динамику магнитных геодезических потоков в терминах собственных значений естественного дифференциального оператора (магнитного лапласиана), ассоциированного с магнитным полем. В настоящей работе мы даем обзор основных понятий и результатов, связанных с формулой следа Гийемина-Урибе, и приводим конкретные примеры ее вычисления для двумерных поверхностей постоянной кривизны с постоянными магнитными полями и для примера Катка.
Библиография: 53 названия.
Prevalence and Genotypic Distribution of Rotavirus in Thailand: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Sakpaisal Pimmada , Silapong Sasikorn , Yowang Amara , Boonyasakyothin Gaysorn , Yuttayong Boonyaorn , Suksawad Umaporn , Sornsakrin Siriporn , Lertsethtakarn Paphavee , Bodhidatta Ladaporn , Crawford John M. , Mason Carl J.
Published: March 2019

Rotavirus has been one of the major etiological agents causing severe diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide. In Thailand, rotavirus contributes to one-third of reported pediatric diarrheal cases. We studied stool samples from 1,709 children with acute gastroenteritis and 1,761 children with no reported gastroenteritis whose age ranged from 3 months to 5 years from four different regions in Thailand between March 2008 and August 2010. The samples were tested for the presence of rotavirus by real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of vp6 gene and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The positive samples were further characterized for their G and P genotypes (vp7 and vp4 genes) by conventional RT-PCR. From all four regions, 26.8% of cases and 1.6% of controls were positive for rotavirus, and G1P[8] was the most predominant genotype, followed by G2P[4], G3P[8], and G9P[8]. In addition, the uncommon genotypes including G1P[4], G1P[6], G2P[6], G2P[8], G4P[6], G9P[4], G9P[6], G12P[6], and G12P[8] were also detected at approximately 14% of all samples tested. Interestingly, G5P[19], a recombinant genotype between human and animal strains, and G1P7[5], a reassortant vaccine strain which is closely related to four human-bovine reassortant strains of RotaTeq™ vaccine, were detected in control samples. Data reported in this study will provide additional information on molecular epidemiology of rotavirus infection in Thailand before the impending national implementation of rotavirus vaccination program.
Target Setting for the Stiffness of Local Mounting Area in the Vehicle Body for NVH and R&H
Authors: Kim Yongdae , Lee Ju Young
Published: March 2019

Performance criterion of local stiffness in BIW(Body in White) for NVH(Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) and R&H (Ride and Handling) are presented in this study. A process to develop the local stiffness of the vehicle body has been established for the performances. For handling performance, not only suspension bush stiffness but local stiffness in BIW structure is important. However, there is no good standard to describe handling performance using BIW local stiffness. In this paper, a new evaluation standard for local stiffness in BIW is developed and verified considering actual vehicle driving condition for handling performance. Also, new evaluation process regarding local stiffness in BIW for vibration transmissibility is presented. The new process is developed considering optimal relation between connecting bush stiffness and BIW local stiffness. It is shown that the interior noise of the vehicle is reduced by applying the evaluation process, which is verified through several cases.
El arte poscontemporáneo linda al este con la flat-screen y al oeste con la Flat Ontology
Authors: Casares Nilo
Published: March 2019

Este artículo, de carácter ontoestético, investiga la nueva relación categorial que surge con la avenida del arte poscontemporáneo, demostrando que se ha rebasado el arte contemporáneo al haber perdido presencia la categoría de lo irónico, sobre la que giró todo el arte contemporáneo. Si, en la historia de la humanidad la era moderna comienza con la circunvalación de la Tierra y la contemporánea con el urinario de Duchamp, la poscontemporánea puede fijarse alrededor de 2004, con la aparición de la Web 2.0 y las flat-screens de nuestros telefonitos, que nos devuelven a una Tierra plana, como esas pantallas que nos gobiernan. Con el apoyo de la Historia de la Filosofía, desde la arcaica a la coetánea de la Flat Ontology, se define el nuevo eje categorial poscontemporáneo y se caracteriza como lo bonito no cursi, ni kitsch.
Variation in the caprine keratin-associated protein 15-1 (KAP15-1) gene affects cashmere fibre diameter
Authors: Zhao Mengli , Zhou Huitong , Hickford Jon G. H. , Gong Hua , Wang Jiqing , Hu Jiang , Liu Xiu , Li Shaobin , Hao Zhiyun , Luo Yuzhu
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) are a
structural component of cashmere fibre, and variation in some KAP
genes (KRTAPs) has been associated with a number of caprine fibre
traits. In this study, we report the identification of
KRTAP15-1 in goats. Sequence variation in the gene was
detected using the polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation
polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) technique in 250 Longdong goats, and six variants
(named A to F) containing eight single nucleotide
polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Five of the SNPs were non-synonymous
and would lead to putative amino acid changes. Reverse-transcription
polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that
KRTAP15-1 was expressed in secondary hair follicles but not
in heart tissue, liver tissue, lung tissue, kidney tissue or the longissimus
dorsi muscle. Despite being rich in cysteine, the caprine KAP15-1 protein
possesses a high content of serine and moderate content of glycine and
phenylalanine. Association analyses revealed that KRTAP15-1
variant A was associated with decreased mean fibre diameter (MFD), and this
effect appeared to be dominant; while variant C was found to be associated
with increased MFD, the effect being recessive. The findings suggest that
caprine KRTAP15-1 is highly polymorphic and that variation in this
gene affects cashmere MFD.
Radiometric calibration of a non-imaging airborne spectrometer to measure the Greenland ice sheet surface
Authors: Crawford Christopher J. , van den Bosch Jeannette , Brunt Kelly M. , Hom Milton G. , Cooper John W. , Harding David J. , Butler James J. , Dabney Philip W. , Neumann Thomas A. , Cleckner Craig S. , Markus Thorsten
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Methods to radiometrically calibrate a non-imaging airborne
visible-to-shortwave infrared (VSWIR) spectrometer to measure the Greenland
ice sheet surface are presented. Airborne VSWIR measurement performance for
bright Greenland ice and dark bare rock/soil targets is compared against the
MODerate resolution atmospheric TRANsmission (MODTRAN®)
radiative transfer code (version 6.0), and a coincident Landsat 8
Operational Land Imager (OLI) acquisition on 29 July 2015 during an
in-flight radiometric calibration experiment. Airborne remote sensing
flights were carried out in northwestern Greenland in preparation for the
Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite 2 (ICESat-2) laser altimeter
mission. A total of nine science flights were conducted over the Greenland ice sheet,
sea ice, and open-ocean water. The campaign's primary purpose was to
correlate green laser pulse penetration into snow and ice with
spectroscopic-derived surface properties. An experimental airborne
instrument configuration that included a nadir-viewing (looking downward at
the surface) non-imaging Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD) Inc. spectrometer
that measured upwelling VSWIR (0.35 to 2.5 µm) spectral radiance
(Wm-2sr-1µm-1) in the two-color Slope Imaging
Multi-polarization Photon-Counting Lidar's (SIMPL) ground instantaneous
field of view, and a zenith-viewing (looking upward at the sky) ASD
spectrometer that measured VSWIR spectral irradiance
(W m−2 nm−1) was flown. National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST) traceable radiometric calibration procedures for
laboratory, in-flight, and field environments are described in detail to
achieve a targeted VSWIR measurement requirement of within 5 % to support
calibration/validation efforts and remote sensing algorithm development. Our
MODTRAN predictions for the 29 July flight line over dark and bright targets
indicate that the airborne nadir-viewing spectrometer spectral radiance
measurement uncertainty was between 0.6 % and 4.7 % for VSWIR wavelengths
(0.4 to 2.0 µm) with atmospheric transmittance greater than 80 %.
MODTRAN predictions for Landsat 8 OLI relative spectral response functions
suggest that OLI is measuring 6 % to 16 % more top-of-atmosphere (TOA)
spectral radiance from the Greenland ice sheet surface than was predicted
using apparent reflectance spectra from the nadir-viewing spectrometer.
While more investigation is required to convert airborne VSWIR spectral
radiance into atmospherically corrected airborne surface reflectance, it is
expected that airborne science flight data products will contribute to
spectroscopic determination of Greenland ice sheet surface optical
properties to improve understanding of their potential influence on ICESat-2
measurements.
Comparison of quite time ionospheric total electron content from
IRI-2016 model and GPS observations
Authors: Melaku Mulugeta , Mengistu Tsidu Gizaw
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Earth's ionosphere is an important medium of radio wave propagation in modern times. However, the effective use of ionosphere depends on the understanding of its spatio-temporal variability. Towards this end, a number of ground and space-based monitoring facilities have been set up over the years. This is also complemented by model-based studies. However, assessment of the performance of the ionospheric models in capturing observations needs to be conducted. In this work, the performance of IRI-2016 model in simulating total electron content (TEC) observed by network of global position System (GPS) is evaluated based on RMSE, bias, correlation and categorical metrics such as Quantile Probability of Detection (QPOD), Quantile False Alarm Ratio (QFAR), Quantile Categorical Miss (QCM), and Quantile Critical Success Index(QCSI). IRI-2016 model simulations are evaluated against GPS-TEC observations during the solar minima 2008 and maxima 2013. Higher correlation, low RMSE and bias between the modeled and measured TEC values are observed during solar minima than solar maxima. The IRI-2016 model TEC agrees with GPS-TEC strongly over higher latitudes than over tropics in general and EIA crest regions in particular as demonstrated by low RMSE and bias. However, the phases of modeled and simulated TEC agree strongly over the rest of the globe with the exception of the polar regions as indicated by high correlation during all solar activities. Moreover, the performance of the model in capturing extreme values over magnetic equator, mid- and high-latitudes is poor. This has been noted from a decrease in QPOD, QCSI and an increase in QCM and QFAR over most of the globe with an increase in the threshold percentile values of TEC to be simulated from 10 % to 90 % during both solar minimum and maximum periods. The performance of IRI-2016 in correctly simulating observed low (as low as 10th percentile) and high (high than 90th percentile) TEC over EIA crest regions is reasonably good given that IRI-2016 is a climatological model despite large RMSE and positive model bias. Therefore, this study reveals the strength of the IRI-2016 model, which was concealed due to large RMSE and positive bias, in correctly simulating the observed TEC distribution during all seasons and solar activities for the first time. However, it is also worth noting that the performance of IRI-2016 model is relatively poor in 2013 compared to that of 2008 at the higher ends of the TEC distribution.
FROGs: a daily 1° × 1° gridded precipitation database ofrain gauge, satellite and reanalysis products
Authors: Roca Rémy , Alexander Lisa V. , Potter Gerald , Bador Margot , Jucá Rômulo , Contractor Steefan , Bosilovich Michael G. , Cloché Sophie
Published: March 2019

Abstract. We introduce the Frequent Rainfall Observations on GridS (FROGS) database (Roca et al., 2019). It is composed of gridded daily precipitation products on a common 1° × 1° grid to ease intercomparison and assessment exercises. The database includes satellite, ground–based and reanalysis products. As most of the satellite products rely on rain gauges for calibration, unadjusted versions of satellite products are also provided where available. Each product is provided over its length of record and up to 2017 if available. Quasi-global, quasi-global land only, ocean only as well as tropical only and regional products (over continental Africa and South America) are included. All products are provided on a common netCDF format that is compliant with CF and AAC standards. Preliminary investigations of this large ensemble indicate that while a lot of features appear robust across the products, the characterization of precipitation extremes exhibit a large spread calling for careful selection of the products used for scientific applications. All datasets are freely available via an ftp server and identified thanks to the DOI: https://doi.org/10.14768/06337394-73A9-407C-9997-0E380DAC5598.