bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the impact of academic development in the engineering faculties in Chile: Changes in teaching philosophy and teachers' competencies
Authors: Acosta Roxana , Tomás-Folch Marina , Feixas Mónica
Published: June 2017

The Faculties of Engineering Sciences at Universidad Católica del Norte in Chile regard teacher training as a necessary tool for its academics’ professional development and as a fundamental way to improve their teaching quality. The Teaching Unit for Innovation in Engineering (UIDIN) has developed a new curriculum and training programme which seeks to support the faculty in its implementation. This article presents some of the outcomes of a study aimed at qualitatively examining the development of the faculty’s conceptions and philosophy of teaching and improvements in pedagogical competencies as a result of the implementation and transfer of the training programme. The teaching philosophy is described in different ways, but overall it considers teaching an act of disciplinary knowledge transfer based on students’ interests, skills and attitudes, and with a heavy emphasis on building students’ core values. Interviews reveal changes in the participants’ learning and competencies due to the training, along with a positive impact on the teachers’ lesson planning and assessment strategies and students’ feedback and the willingness to engage in more reflexive teaching practice.
Estudio de los métodos de investigación y técnicas de recolección de datos utilizadas en bibliotecología y ciencia de la información
Authors: Gauchi Risso Verónica
Published: June 2017

El tema de este trabajo corresponde a la forma en que los métodos y técnicas de investigación son utilizados en el marco de la Bibliotecología y Ciencia de la Información (LIS). Su objetivo radica en aportar algunas consideraciones acerca del estado del arte en lo relativo a las cuestiones metodológicas como modo de contribuir al debate sobre la pertinencia de considerar la existencia de un campo disciplinar metodológico. Para ello se han inspeccionado las taxonomías utilizadas para categorizar los métodos de investigación entre 1925 y 2010. Tras un análisis se observó que los métodos de investigación han ido variando a lo largo del tiempo y que el punto de vista de la adecuación de los diferentes estudios se relaciona fuertemente con el tipo de investigación adoptada (exploratoria, descriptiva, correlacional o explicativa). Se concluye que la utilidad de las comparaciones resulta conveniente cuando se utiliza el mismo sistema de clasificación, y que los bibliotecarios son cada vez más sofisticados y disciplinados con respecto a las metodologías que utilizan.
Análisis descriptivo del fotoperiodismo narrativo en los diarios digitales Folha de Sao Paulo y The Guardian
Authors: López Del Ramo Joaquín , Marcos Recio Juan Carlos
Published: June 2017

Ante los escasos estudios existentes en este campo, el presente trabajo desarrolla un análisis de los nuevos productos de fotoperiodismo narrativo en prensa digital, sus componentes y aspectos sustantivos, centrado en los diarios digitales Folha de Sao Paulo y The Guardian. La muestra consta de 35 piezas con un total de 899 fotografías, de las cuales 351 (39,1%) corresponden a Folha de Sao Paulo y 548 (60,9%) a The Guardian. Apoyándose en la metodología del Análisis de contenido, se emplea una ficha de diseño propio, con indicadores poco contemplados en trabajos sobre fotografía, como diseño estructural, funcionalidad o integración de contenidos multimedia. Los resultados indican que estos productos presentan formatos y configuraciones diferentes, poseen una estructura clara, extensión media-alta y están dotados de funcionalidades sencillas. La buena jerarquización, variedad, gran tamaño y calidad de las imágenes otorga un alto impacto visual. Los elementos textuales complementan y aclaran el sentido lógico del relato. La incorporación de contenidos audiovisuales y links es discreta, pero bien contextualizada. Todo ello supone un notable avance estético-comunicativo respecto a los modos convencionales de tratamiento de la fotografía en la prensa digital.
Análisis comparativo del secreto profesional desde la perspectiva del ejercicio de las disciplinas informativas: periodistas, bibliotecarios y archivistas
Authors: Estrada-Cuzcano Alonso , Alfaro-Mendives Karen Lizeth
Published: June 2017

El secreto profesional es un deber y derecho que tienen los profesionales por mantener la confidencialidad de la información que han recibido de sus usuarios o fuentes. Sin embargo, considerando la importancia de la información hoy en día, principalmente desde la aparición de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) y el consecuente manejo intensivo de datos (personales, públicos y administrativos), también es necesario reflexionar acerca del secreto profesional de las diferentes disciplinas informativas, como son los periodistas, bibliotecarios y archivistas. Se pretende describir, analizar y comparar el secreto profesional desde la perspectiva de estas disciplinas informativas realizando un análisis de la legislación vigente. Por otro lado, se presentan algunas experiencias acerca de la problemática identificada y se establecen diferencias y semejanzas en el ejercicio de este derecho en cada una de estas disciplinas.
Estructura y propiedades mecánicas del hierro dúctil GJS-500-7
Authors: Kurylo Piotr , Tertel Edward
Published: June 2017

El artículo presenta los resultados de la investigación sobre propiedades mecánicas (distribución de la dureza a lo largo de la sección transversal del núcleo de la fundición) y de las estructuras de hierro dúctil GJS-500-7. El estudio define el rango y la forma de la capa superficial de hierro fundido. Se ha mostrado que la capa superficial de la superficie del molde trabajado puede estar conformada dentro de su zona de transición.
Implementing Family-Centered Care Through Facilitated Sensemaking
Authors: Davidson Judy E. , Zisook Sidney
Published: June 2017

The Society of Critical Care Medicine has released updated recommendations for care of the family in neonatal, pediatric, and adult intensive care units. Translation of the recommendations into practice may benefit from a supporting theoretical framework. Facilitated sensemaking is a mid-range theory built from the same literature that formed the basis for recommendations within the guidelines. The process of facilitated sensemaking may be used to help nurses adopt the SCCM recommendations into practice through the development of caring relationships, promoting family presence, teaching family engagement strategies, and supporting families with communication, information gathering, and participation in decision-making.
Sleep in the Intensive Care Unit in a Model of Family-Centered Care
Authors: Owens Robert L. , Huynh Truong-Giang , Netzer Giora
Published: June 2017

The desire for families to be physically present to support their loved ones in the intensive care unit, and guidelines in favor of this open visitation approach, require that clinicians consider both patient and family sleep. This article reviews the causes of poor sleep for patients and their family members in the intensive care unit as well as the expected changes in cognition and emotion that can result from sleep deprivation. Measures are proposed to improve the intensive care unit environment to promote family sleep. A framework to educate family members and engage them in preservation of their and their loved one’s circadian rhythm is also presented. Although further research is needed, the proposed framework has the potential to improve outcomes for patients and their families in the intensive care unit.
A comparative study of the metabolic profiles of common nuisance cyanobacteria in southern perialpine lakes
Authors: Cerasino Leonardo , Capelli Camilla , Salmaso Nico
Published: June 2017

This work allowed the comparison of the metabolic profiles of the most important cyanobacteria species in southern perialpine lakes, namely Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Dolichospermum lemmermannii, Microcystis aeruginosa, Planktothrix rubescens, and Tychonema bourrellyi. Monospecific cultures were obtained from samples of 3 different natural lakes (Garda, Idro, and Caldonazzo). LC-MS/MS analyses were conducted on strains. A first set of experiments was aimed at assessing the presence of the best known toxins (microcystins, nodularins, (homo)anatoxin-a, cylindrospermopsins, paralytic shellfish poisons) in the cultures. Results of this screening study revealed that M. aeruginosa and P. rubescens produced toxic peptides (microcystins), T. bourrellyi produced toxic alkaloids (anatoxin-a and possibly some paralytic shellfish toxins), Aph. flos-aquae and D. lemmermannii did not produce any of the analyzed toxins. M. aeruginosa and P. rubescens showed typical microcystin production with LR form dominant in the former, and RRdm form dominant in the latter. A second set of experiments was aimed at comparing the capability of the 5 cyanobacterial species to produce peptidic secondary metabolites. For this purpose, an untargeted peptidomic analysis was conducted on the strains. The analysis allowed revealing globally 328 metabolites, spanning in a mass range between 400 and 2000 Da. The majority of compounds with masses in the 500-1200 Da range (corresponding to the majority of peptidic secondary metabolites) resulted to be produced by M. aeruginosa and P. rubescens strains, thus indicating a higher ability of these species to produce non-ribosomal peptides compared to the others. 27 metabolites out of 328 could be putatively assigned to specific classes of compounds: microcystins, aeruginosins and anabaenopeptins were the most represented classes of compounds, and were mostly found in M. aeruginosa and P. rubescens strains.
O Blood Group as a Risk Factor for Helicobacter pylori IgG Seropositivity among Pregnant Sudanese Women
Authors: Gasim Gasim I. , Elmugabil Abdelmageed , Hamdan Hamdan Z. , Rayis Duria A. , Adam Ishag
Published: June 2017

The objective was to investigate the prevalence and the association between blood groups and Helicobacter pylori IgG seropositivity among pregnant Sudanese women. A cross-sectional survey was carried- out at Saad Abul Ela Maternity Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan during the period of July 2014 through December 2015. Questionnaires covering socio-demographic and obstetrics information were administered. Specific H. pylori IgG antibody was analysed using ELISA. One hundred eighty six pregnant women were enrolled. The mean (SD) of the age, parity was 28.3 (2.6) years and 2.6 (3.5), respectively. Of the 186 women, 42 (22.6%), 24 (12.9%), 11(5.9%) and 109 (58.6%) had blood group A, B, AB and O, respectively. H. pylori IgG seropositivity rate was 132/186 (71.0%). There was no significant difference in age and parity between women with H. pylori IgG seropositive and seronegative. Compared with the women with H. pylori IgG seronegative, significantly higher numbers of women with H. pylori IgG seropositive had O blood group, [84/132(63.6) versus 25/54(46.3), P<0.001]. In binary logistic regression, women with O blood group (OR= 2.084, 95% CI=1.060 -4.097, P=0.033) were at a higher H. pylori IgG seropositivity. The current study showed that women with blood group O were at higher risk for H. pylori IgG seropositivity.
Digitalización, crisis económica y televisión pública local en España. Los casos de Andalucía y Cataluña (2010-2015)
Authors: Guimerà i Orts Josep Àngel , Monedero Morales Carmen del Rocío , Martori Muntsant Aida
Published: June 2017

La digitalización en un contexto de crisis económica-financiera ha afectado seriamente a las televisiones públicas locales españolas.  Este artículo evalúa la dimensión de ese impacto y las razones de fondo que lo explican. Metodología: El análisis comparado de los casos andaluz y catalán permite mostrar con mayor detalle la evolución en las dos autonomías con un mayor sector público local. Resultados: Se aportan abundantes datos originales que miden, por primera vez, el impacto de la crisis en la financiación, recursos humanos y contenidos de la tdt-l pública. Discusión y conclusiones: Los problemas para obtener algunos datos matizan alguna de las conclusiones, que muestran un debilitamiento del sector, la ausencia de estrategia de los gobiernos autonómicos y la heterogeneidad de respuestas locales a un problema estatal. Además, aparece como necesaria más investigación sobre el impacto en los contenidos y en la situación laboral en esas empresas.
Patient-Reported Adverse Effects Associated with Combination Antiretroviral Therapy and Coadministered Enzyme-Inducing Antiepileptic Drugs
Authors: Elafros Melissa A. , Birbeck Gretchen L. , Gardiner Joseph C. , Siddiqi Omar K. , Sikazwe Izukanji , Paneth Nigel , Bositis Christopher M. , Okulicz Jason F.
Published: June 2017

Concurrent treatment with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and an enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drug (EI-AED) is common in resource-limited settings; however, the incidence and impact of adverse effects in cotreated patients is largely unknown. Symptoms of adverse effects were assessed by both spontaneous report and checklist for 145 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected Zambian adults initiating various treatment combinations, such as cART with an EI-AED (N = 20), cART only (N = 43), or neither drug (untreated; N = 82). At study baseline, the cART + EI-AED group reported more headache, generalized fatigue, problems with concentration, and depression than the untreated group (P < 0.01 for all). At 2 weeks, a greater proportion of cART + EI-AED participants reported increased nausea or vomiting compared with baseline (P < 0.05). Adverse effects did not appear to impact self-reported adherence at 2 weeks as 100% cART adherence was reported in 19 of 20 (95%) and 42 of 43 (98%) cART + EI-AED and cART-only participants, respectively; 100% EI-AED adherence was reported in 19 of 20 (95%) participants. However, adherence at 6 months was suboptimal in both groups with 18 of 33 (56%) participants on cART experiencing greater than 1-week lapse in pharmacy-reported medication supply. Our results highlight the need to educate patients about the increased potential for nausea and vomiting with cART + EI-AED cotreatment. Although adherence was high early during treatment, adherence should be reinforced overtime to minimize the potential for HIV and/or epilepsy treatment failure.
Serological and Molecular Analysis of Leishmania Infection in Healthy Individuals from Two Districts of West Bengal, India, Endemic for Visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: Kaushal Himanshu , Bhattacharya Sujit Kumar , Verma Sandeep , Salotra Poonam
Published: June 2017

Several epidemiological studies have indicated the presence of asymptomatic infections with Leishmania donovani in the Indian subcontinent, where parasite transmission is considered anthroponotic. In India, such asymptomatic Leishmania cases have been identified in the state of Bihar. We explored here, the presence of asymptomatic Leishmania infection among healthy individuals living in two districts in the state of West Bengal, India, using serological and molecular tests. Blood samples of 246 healthy individuals were collected from nine villages of Malda and Murshidabad districts in West Bengal, considered endemic for visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed for the quantification of parasite load in the blood. In addition, two serological tests were carried out to demonstrate anti-Leishmania antibodies: rK39 strip test and anti-total soluble Leishmania antigen IgG using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Nearly one-fifth (53/246) of the screened population was positive in qPCR as against 10.97% (27/246) positive in rK39 strip test. A range of parasite load was observed in the blood of identified asymptomatic Leishmania cases with a median value of 7.7 parasites/mL (range = 1–65). There was poor agreement between qPCR and serological tests (κ = 0.089, P = 0.13), and 29.62% and 20.54% of the population were qPCR positive in seropositive and seronegative groups, respectively. Combined molecular and serological tests enhanced the capacity to detect asymptomatic Leishmania infection in healthy individuals residing in the endemic areas of VL. A significant proportion of asymptomatic Leishmania individuals was detected in the examined endemic regions of West Bengal that might play a role in promoting VL transmission.
High Hepatitis E Seroprevalence Among Displaced Persons in South Sudan
Authors: Azman Andrew S. , Bouhenia Malika , Iyer Anita S. , Rumunu John , Laku Richard Lino , Wamala Joseph F. , Rodriguez-Barraquer Isabel , Lessler Justin , Gignoux Etienne , Luquero Francisco J. , Leung Daniel T. , Gurley Emily S. , Ciglenecki Iza
Published: June 2017

Large protracted outbreaks of hepatitis E virus (HEV) have been documented in displaced populations in Africa over the past decade though data are limited outside these exceptional settings. Serological studies can provide insights useful for improving surveillance and disease control. We conducted an age-stratified serological survey using samples previously collected for another research study from 206 residents of an internally displaced person camp in Juba, South Sudan. We tested serum for anti-HEV antibodies (IgM and IgG) and estimated the prevalence of recent and historical exposure to the virus. Using data on individuals' serostatus, camp arrival date, and state of origin, we used catalytic transmission models to estimate the relative risk of HEV infection in the camp compared with that in the participants' home states. The age-adjusted seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG was 71% (95% confidence interval = 63–78), and 4% had evidence of recent exposure (IgM). We estimated HEV exposure rates to be more than 2-fold (hazard ratio = 2.3, 95% credible interval = 0.3–5.8) higher in the camp than in the participants' home states, although this difference was not statistically significant. HEV transmission may be higher than previously appreciated, even in the absence of reported cases. Improved surveillance in similar settings is needed to understand the burden of disease and minimize epidemic impact through early detection and response.
Nonacademic Attributes Predict Medical and Nursing Student Intentions to Emigrate or to Work Rurally: An Eight-Country Survey in Asia and Africa
Authors: Silvestri David M. , Blevins Meridith , Wallston Kenneth A. , Afzal Arfan R. , Alam Nazmul , Andrews Ben , Derbew Miliard , Kaur Simran , Mipando Mwapatsa , Mkony Charles A. , Mwachaka Philip M. , Ranjit Nirju , Vermund Sten H.
Published: June 2017

We sought to identify independent, nonacademic predictors of medical and nursing student intent to migrate abroad or from rural to urban areas after graduation in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). This was a cross-sectional survey of 3,199 first- and final-year medical and nursing students at 16 training institutions in eight LMIC. Questionnaires assessed demographics, career intentions, and preferences regarding selected career, location, and work-related attributes. Using principal component analysis, student preferences were reduced into four discrete categories of priorities: 1) work environment resources, 2) location livability, 3) altruistic job values, and 4) individualistic job values. Students' preferences were scored in each category. Using students' characteristics and priority scores, multivariable proportional odds models were used to derive independent predictors of intentions to emigrate for work outside the country, or to work in a rural area in their native country. Students prioritizing individualistic values more often planned international careers (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16–1.78), whereas those prioritizing altruistic values preferred rural careers (aOR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.50–2.21). Trainees prioritizing high-resource environments preferentially planned careers abroad (aOR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.12–1.69) and were unlikely to seek rural work (aOR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.49–0.73). Independent of their priorities, students with prolonged prior rural residence were unlikely to plan emigration (aOR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.50–0.90) and were more likely to plan a rural career (aOR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.16–2.03). We conclude that use of nonacademic attributes in medical and nursing admissions processes would likely increase retention in high-need rural areas and reduce emigration “brain drain” in LMIC.
No Serologic Evidence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection Among Camel Farmers Exposed to Highly Seropositive Camel Herds: A Household Linked Study, Kenya, 2013
Authors: Munyua Peninah , Corman Victor Max , Bitek Austine , Osoro Eric , Meyer Benjamin , Müller Marcel A. , Lattwein Erik , Thumbi S. M. , Murithi Rees , Widdowson Marc-Alain , Drosten Christian , Njenga M. Kariuki
Published: June 2017

High seroprevalence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) among camels has been reported in Kenya and other countries in Africa. To date, the only report of MERS-CoV seropositivity among humans in Kenya is of two livestock keepers with no known contact with camels. We assessed whether persons exposed to seropositive camels at household level had serological evidence of infection. In 2013, 760 human and 879 camel sera were collected from 275 and 85 households respectively in Marsabit County. Data on human and animal demographics and type of contact with camels were collected. Human and camel sera were tested for anti-MERS-CoV IgG using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Human samples were confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with seropositivity. The median age of persons sampled was 30 years (range: 5–90) and 50% were males. A quarter (197/760) of the participants reported having had contact with camels defined as milking, feeding, watering, slaughtering, or herding. Of the human sera, 18 (2.4%) were positive on ELISA but negative by PRNT. Of the camel sera, 791 (90%) were positive on ELISA. On univariate analysis, higher prevalence was observed in female and older camels over 4 years of age (P < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, only age remained significantly associated with increased odds of seropositivity. Despite high seroprevalence among camels, there was no serological confirmation of MERS-CoV infection among camel pastoralists in Marsabit County. The high seropositivity suggests that MERS-CoV or other closely related virus continues to circulate in camels and highlights ongoing potential for animal-to-human transmission.
Evaluation of a Mobile Phone-Based Microscope for Screening of Schistosoma haematobium Infection in Rural Ghana
Authors: Bogoch Isaac I. , Koydemir Hatice C. , Tseng Derek , Ephraim Richard K. D. , Duah Evans , Tee Joseph , Andrews Jason R. , Ozcan Aydogan
Published: June 2017

Schistosomiasis affects over 170 million people in Africa. Here we compare a novel, low-cost mobile phone microscope to a conventional light microscope for the label-free diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium infections in a rural Ghanaian school setting. We tested the performance of our handheld microscope using 60 slides that were randomly chosen from an ongoing epidemiologic study in school-aged children. The mobile phone microscope had a sensitivity of 72.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 56.1–84.2), specificity of 100% (95% CI: 75.9–100), positive predictive value of 100% (95% CI: 86.3–100), and a negative predictive value of 57.1% (95% CI: 37.4–75.0). With its modest sensitivity and high specificity, this handheld and cost-effective mobile phone–based microscope is a stepping-stone toward developing a powerful tool in clinical and public health settings where there is limited access to conventional laboratory diagnostic support.
Bollywood Dreams? The Rise of the Asian Mela as a Global Cultural Phenomenon
Authors: Smith Melanie , Carnegie Elizabeth
Published: June 2017

This article will examine some of the complexities inherent in the development of Asian Mela festivals from small-scale community-based events in India, to national celebrations of Diasporic culture in Western countries. Like Caribbean Carnivals, Melas are becoming more popular as a global cultural tourism phenomenon and are increasingly being promoted to white and tourist audiences. This similarly engenders fears of cultural dilution, distortion, and ‘Othering’. The programming of Melas is apparently keeping pace with the exporting, re-packaging and hybridisation of other forms of Asian culture, such as cuisine, music, fashion, and cinema. But does this symbolise a Bollywood dream or just another post-colonial appropriation of indigenous or Disaporic cultures? Cultural protectionism is certainly a contentious issue within Diasporic communities, where inter-generational differences of opinion can lead to conflict and confusion. Identity construction is complex and worthy of further examination in the context of Melas, which traditionally served to celebrate ethnic community and folk cultures and identities, but are increasingly becoming a showcase for global and hybridised cultural forms. The article will examine these issues, as well as providing an analysis of the factors and mechanisms that are driving the development of Melas forward. This will include the role and vision of artistic directors of Melas, the contribution of ethnic communities to cultural continuity, and issues relating to audience and tourism development. A case study of the Edinburgh Mela will be presented, which exemplifies a number of the aforementioned issues, focusing in particular on national and Diasporic identity construction, and the tensions between popular and traditional cultural forms.
'I want to be a TV historian when I grow up!': On Being a Rewind Historian
Authors: Arrow Michelle
Published: June 2017

In 2004, I worked as a presenter on a new ABC TV program called Rewind. Produced as part of a special initiative to make programs about Australian history, Rewind used several historians as presenters and promised to tell new stories from Australia’s past. Few historians experience the production processes of television in such a detailed way: the media and the academy are arguably a little suspicious of each other. The experience of working on Rewind was an extraordinary one – both exhilarating and frustrating. In this article, I draw on this experience to explore some of the issues that one faces as a ‘television historian’. How much control were we able to exert over our role and presence in the storytelling process? How were we used in the program and marketed in its publicity? The article also explore the qualities of television history itself: what are its flaws and virtues? How is it different from written history? It examines recent history on television to consider the media context in which Rewind was made and received. Finally, the article considers the role of historians in the making of Rewind and examines audience perceptions and responses to the program.
What makes a ‘National’ War Memorial? The Case of the Australian Ex-Prisoners of War Memorial
Authors: Grant Lachlan
Published: June 2017

The Australian Ex-Prisoners of War Memorial was unveiled in Ballarat to great fanfare in February 2004. Struggling to overcome serious setbacks in order to raise the necessary funds to construct the $2 million memorial over more than a period of four years, the memorial, listing the names of all Australian prisoners of war from all conflicts was judged by the Federal Government to be nothing but a ‘local’ memorial rather than a ‘national’ memorial. The article investigates whether this issue is at all associated with the ambiguity and difficulty of incorporating prisoners of war into the Anzac legend or whether there were other factors at hand deciding the official ‘national’ status of the first war memorial to list the names of all Australian prisoners of war. The importance of this issue reveals how government bureaucracy and party politics can influence the future and potential public significance of a war memorial.
The Great Wall of Jimbour: Heritage and the Cultural Landscape
Authors: Davis Michael T.
Published: June 2017

On the Darling Downs in Queensland stands one of the most majestic and charming homestead residences from the nineteenth century called Jimbour House. Best known for its homestead complex, comprising heritage listed buildings and ancillary structures, the property at Jimbour has a lesser known but equally significant relic: an expansive dry-stone wall. Built during the 1870s, this wall was recently listed separately on the Queensland Heritage Register and it stands as lasting testimony of the skills and tenacity of our European forebears. It is a rare and significant reminder of nineteenth-century land management techniques, a technology that has few examples in Queensland. This article looks at the story behind this truly fascinating landmark, revealing its importance as a reminder of our past and as a symbol of the rise of the modern-day heritage industry.
Corralling Conflict: The Politics of Australian Federal Heritage Legislation Since the 1970s
Authors: Ashton Paul , Cornwall Jennifer
Published: June 2017

In August 1968, conservative National Party leader Joh Bjelke-Petersen became Premier of the state of Queensland. He referred to conservationists as these 'subversives, these friends of the dirt'. A generation later, few if any Australian politicians would have publicly attacked the environment and its supporters for fear of electoral damage. After years of major environmental battles which on occasion determined the fate of some governments, the environment had crashed through into mainstream politics. Natural and cultural heritage was firmly on local, state and federal political agendas. Heritage in Australia was also, by the 1990s, a substantial, multifaceted industry. Cultural and eco tourism generated a significant proportion of the country's gross domestic product. Along side and partially in response to industry, a heritage bureaucracy had developed. The corporatisation of heritage saw the rise in the 1980s and 1990s of a new generation of heritage professionals who attempted with varying degrees of success to place heritage assessment on a quasi-scientific footing. Perhaps their greatest achievement, in terms of cultural heritage, was gaining recognition in the 1990s for the vital importance of intangible heritage. Intangible heritage, or social value, inscribes objects and sites that cannot speak for themselves with cultural and social meanings. Since the 1980s, some more radical practitioners had been working to counteract the dominance of tangible remains of the past in determining cultural significance. This victory over empiricism, however, was in some respects to prove pyrrhic. Heritage conservation, as with some other heritage practices, was by the turn of the twenty-first century institutionally confined in its ability to represent conflict. This article charts the incorporation and corralling of heritage work at the federal level in Australia through a case study of the rise and fall of the Australian Heritage Commission.
Regaining Authority: Setting the Agenda in Maori Heritage through the Control and Shaping of Data
Authors: O'Regan Gerard
Published: June 2017

Conflict or a reconciliation of it is a common theme in discussions on indigenous peoples’ heritage. Whereas conflict is often expressed in claims of ownership and control, sometimes legally contested, this article suggests that the pragmatic issue of possessing and shaping the associated data is equally important to indigenous peoples’ attempt to reclaim their treasures. This idea is explored through case studies of the experience of the Ngai Tahu tribe of the South Island of New Zealand regarding the future of ancestral human remains and their rock art heritage.
Negotiating History: Crown Apologies in New Zealand’s Historical Treaty of Waitangi Settlements
Authors: Hickey Maureen
Published: June 2017

New Zealand has been undertaking a process of negotiating and settling the historical Treaty of Waitangi grievances of the indigenous Maori population since the 1990s. This article outlines the development of the Treaty settlement process and the role of the Crown’s apology to Maori claimant groups in the reconciliation process.
Empire, War and Nation: Heritage Management Perspectives from Canada and Malta
Authors: Tunbridge John
Published: June 2017

This article offers recent insights on contested heritage from Canada and Malta. These contrasting geographical extremes span a range of heritage dissonances but share a common historical identity as successor states to the British Empire, entailing familiar postcolonial heritage equivocations. Dissonances between colonial and indigenous heritage meanings are discussed. The principal focus of the paper is the Empire at war, as an issue of heritage management in Ottawa, the capital of Canada, and in Malta; comparative insights are generated with resonance for other imperial successor states such as Australia, New Zealand and Singapore. In Ottawa the National Capital Commission is engaged in a delicate management of heritage evolution from the imperial past to the multicultural present, involving adjustment and diversification of heritage meanings in which the indigenous peoples and Canada's wartime/military history figure prominently. Malta's time-depth generates an embarrassment of heritage resources, necessitating choices as it moves from 'blue' seacoast to 'grey' heritage tourism; while earlier eras are favoured, the British imperial and military heritage is inescapable, especially the heroic shared defence of 1940-3, generating management issues over recency, postcoloniality, the naval legacy and the problem of marketing to the former enemy populations. Questions of whose heritage, using which resources of what period, for whose benefit and how managed, elicit a different range of answers in the two cases: British colonial heritage is too diverse to be value-generalised, and there is no single, immutable colonial template for postcolonial identity. However, the particular legacy of the Empire at war is notably formative in the evolution of succeeding national identities.
‘War history on scraps of paper’: Exhibitions of Documents at the Australian War Memorial, 1922-1954
Authors: Conde Anne-Marie
Published: June 2017

This article is partly concerned with defining the history of history exhibitions in Australia as a field of enquiry. Its specific departure point is the notion that the use of archival documents within exhibitions repays historical examination. I discuss how documents have been selected for and used in exhibitions at the Australian War Memorial between 1922 and 1954. The Memorial’s collections began with the acquisition of archival records, and from the beginning, archives were fundamental to of the development of the institution and the exhibitions in it. I argue that documents were used to legitimise the historical interpretation the Memorial offered in its exhibitions. I also contend that words on paper had a power of their own to evoke visitors’ imaginings and memories.
Four Corners Television History: Gallipoli and the Fall of Singapore
Authors: Blackburn Kevin
Published: June 2017

This article analyses how the Australian current affairs programme, Four Corners, which follows a style modelled on the BBC programme Panorama, has represented Australian military history in two of its programmes, Gallipoli: The Fatal Shore and No Prisoners on Australian deserters at the fall of Singapore. Chris Masters was the reporter on both programmes. These historical documentaries claim to investigate Australian Anzac mythology. Four Corners is noted for its rigorous pursuit of issues in current affairs. Programmes construct argument that the journalists steadfastly pursue in order to ‘expose the truth’. Rather than neutrally representing both sides of a debate, the programmes tend to take the side that the journalists perceive to be in the public interest. Examining how Four Corners has applied its own style of investigative journalism to the Anzac mythology is explored by outlining whether the programmes follow Ken Burn’s ideas of documentary-makers as ‘tribal story-teller’ crafting stories that uphold national identity or Bill Nichols’ view that documentary is an argument that is representative of reality rather than reflects reality. Examining the history of Gallipoli and the fall of Singapore in the Four Corners programmes tends suggest that the journalists working on the programmes preferred to reaffirm the assumptions of the Anzac legend, but attack or ignore historians and evidence that questions it. The programmes appear to be a mixture of Burns’s and Nichols’ ideas of documentary making.
Blogging as Popular History Making, Blogs as Public History: The Singapore Case Study
Authors: Ho Stephanie
Published: June 2017

Blogging is a twenty-first century phenomenon that has heralded an age where ordinary people can make their voices heard in the public sphere of the Internet. This article explores blogging as a form of popular history making; the blog as a public history document; and how blogging is transforming the nature of public history and practice of history making in Singapore. An analysis of two Singapore ‘historical’ blogs illustrates how blogging is building a foundation for a more participatory historical society in the island nation. At the same time, the case studies also demonstrate the limitations of blogging and blogs in challenging official versions of history.
Anti-Memorials and the Art of Forgetting: Critical Reflections on a Memorial Design Practice
Authors: Ware SueAnne
Published: June 2017

Andreas Huyssen writes, ‘Remembrance as a vital human activity shapes our links to the past, and the ways we remember define us in the present. As individuals and societies, we need the past to construct and to anchor our identities and to nurture a vision of the future.’ Memory is continually affected by a complex spectrum of states such as forgetting, denial, repression, trauma, recounting and reconsidering, stimulated by equally complex changes in context and changes over time. The apprehension and reflective comprehension of landscape is similarly beset by such complexities. Just as the nature and qualities of memory comprise inherently fading, shifting and fleeting impressions of things which are themselves ever-changing, an understanding of a landscape, as well as the landscape itself, is a constantly evolving, emerging response to both immense and intimate influences. There is an incongruity between the inherent changeability of both landscapes and memories, and the conventional, formal strategies of commemoration that typify the constructed landscape memorial. The design work presented in this paper brings together such explorations of memory and landscape by examining the ‘memorial’. This article examines two projects. One concerns the fate of illegal refugees travelling to Australia: The SIEVX Memorial Project. The other, An Anti-Memorial to Heroin Overdose Victims, was designed by the author as part of the 2001 Melbourne Festival.
The Truth That Will Set Us All Free: An Uncertain History of Memorials to Indigenous Australians
Authors: Read Peter
Published: June 2017

Aborigines and other Australians have not met with amity. Memorials to the Aboriginal people of Australia are not common and some of the more prominent are regularly damaged. Eddies of past tempests slap disturbingly at modern day memorials thousands of kilometres and several generations removed from the eye of furious storms. This article traces a difficult story of what seems at first sight to be blind racism, at a second sight, a rampant colonialism, and at a more reflective third, perhaps, the economy of the pastoralist and the farmer in deadly disharmony to that of the hunter gatherer. Whatever the origins, the consequences of conflict endure for centuries.
United States Holocaust Museums: Pathos, Possession, Patriotism
Authors: Baum Rob
Published: June 2017

This article examines the role of United States holocaust museums in directing (American) knowledge and memory of World War II, and demonstrates how signifiers of race, colour and Jewishness are played out and theatricalised. Erected in two principal U.S. cities of Los Angeles and Washington, D.C., the Holocaust Museum and Museum of Tolerance uphold very different mandates: the first dedicated to revealing European civilian tragedies during WWII; the latter dealing with Jewish persecution and the L.A. Riots of 1991, with references to other cultural catastrophes. While these projects are different, they are not opposed; both museums locate the American perspective of events and their meanings at the forefront.

American holocaust museums seem to challenge spaces between memory and its direction, vision and revision. Within the gruesome context of holocaust portrayal, interrogate the valences of memory’s play and expose American holocaust museums as theatres of pornographic memory. The seduction of feeling does not invite change so much as purgation, what Aristotle identified as catharsis — an emotional and physical release, unfortunately replicating the seductive techniques used by Goebbels for the glorification of Hitler. Through manipulation of viewers as automatic audiences, these museums function as centres for pathos I question the policy and polity of presenting genocide as an entertainment leading to catharsis, recognizing that the final act of purgation is all too easily negation.
Indian Jute in Australian Collections: Forgetting and Recollecting Transnational Networks
Authors: Hassam Andrew
Published: June 2017

Indian jute sacking played an essential role in Australian life for over 150 years, yet its contribution to Australian development and its Indian origins have been barely recognised in Australian public collections. What has Australian history gained by this erasing of jute from public memory? Wool, sugar and hop sacks are displayed in public collections as evidence of an Australian national story, but their national dimension depends on the cultural invisibility of jute and jute’s connections to the stories of other communities in other places. Developing an awareness of the contribution of Indian jute to the development of Australia requires an awareness not simply that jute comes from India but that the construction of national identity by collecting institutions relies on forgetting those transnational connections evident in their own collections. Where jute sacks have been preserved, it is because they are invested with memories of a collective way of life, yet in attempting to speak on behalf of the nation, the public museum denies more multidimensional models of cultural identity that are less linear and less place-based. If Indian jute is to be acknowledged as part of ‘the Australian story’, the concept of an Australian story must change and exhibitions need to explore, rather than ignore, transnational networks.
Visions of a Colony: History on (dis)play at the Museum of Sydney
Authors: Scorrano Armanda
Published: June 2017

When it first opened in 1995, the Museum of Sydney (MoS) received praise from some quarters for its innovative representations of the city’s history, but it was increasingly criticised for its inaccessibility due to its postmodern approach. This highlights the tension between curatorial style and content that museums must negotiate in order to meet the needs of their audiences. Taking MoS as a case study, this article argues that public history museums are limited in their ability to break new ground when they must also remain accessible and relevant to the publics they serve.
Colonial Figures: Memories of Street Traders in the Colonial and Early Post-colonial Periods
Authors: Gibbings Sheri Lynn , Steijlen Fridus
Published: June 2017

This article explores post-colonial memories about street traders among individuals who lived in the former colony of the Dutch East Indies. It argues that these narratives romanticize the relationship between Europeans and indigenous peoples. Street vendors are also used to differentiate between periods within colonial and post-colonial history. The nostalgic representation of interracial contact between Europeans and traders is contrasted with representations of other figures such as the Japanese and the nationalist. A recurring feature of these representations is the ability of Europeans to speak with street traders and imagine what they wanted and needed. The traders are remembered as a social type that transgressed politics and represented the neutrality of the economic sphere as a place for shared communication. The article concludes that the figure of the street vendor contributes to the nostalgic reinvention of the colony but is also used in narratives to differentiate between and mark changes across the colonial and post-colonial periods.
Remembering Yarrie: An Indigenous Australian and the 1852 Gundagai Flood
Authors: Soerjohardjo Wardiningsih
Published: June 2017

The Story of Yarrie has been in the memory of Gundagai people for generations. Such a memory has been strengthened by the presence of memorials dedicated to Yarrie during the 1852 flood. The cultural production performed by the memorialisation of Yarrie’s role during the 1852 flood was made possible through the activities of the local community, the Gundagai Historical Society, the local museum, local government, prominent citizens and the popular media.
'Each in his narrow cell for ever laid': Dunedin's Southern Cemetery and its New Zealand Counterparts
Authors: Trapeznik Alexander , Gee Austin
Published: June 2017

This article compares aspects of the design, layout and purpose of a range of historic New Zealand urban cemeteries with the Southern Cemetery in Dunedin. It makes use of recent research conducted for historic conservation reports which has enable detailed comparisons to be made for the first time. The Southern Cemetery survives as a representative example of a modern, urban cemetery of the mid-nineteenth century, though it is unusual in being in a comparatively unaltered state. It is shown that denominational division was a requirement from the outset in most places, contrary to the widespread assumption that it was uncommon. No major regional differences between cemeteries are to be found other than those due to the ethnic and religious pattern of settlement. The topography of cemeteries is also considered, together with their siting, plantings, specialised structures, maintenance, and their vulnerability to vandalism, ‘improvement’ or destruction.
History Making: The Historian as Consultant
Authors: Kalela Jorma
Published: June 2017

History is not just a genre of knowledge but also a basic feature of human life. Accounting for the past, or creating histories, to quote David Thelen, is ‘as natural a part of life as eating or breathing’. Casual references to what has taken place make up the vast majority of these accounts. But there are also a great number of deliberately created expositions of the past. They are produced in every field of society and by a wide variety of actors, from private persons to, for example, politicians and various media. The totality of them can be called everyday history. These accounts of the past serve present purposes – histories have innumerable functions and are of countless types. Divergent accounts also influence each other, and my suggestion is that their interaction be called the never-ending social process of history-making. History making, in other words, is not the preserve of academically-trained historians. They are experts but not outside observers. Scholarly historians are inescapably involved in the social process of history making. Their work goes beyond prevailing histories: they seek interpretations that make better sense of the past than the existing ones. Embedded in this effort is another constructivist function: they demonstrate ways to think about the past and how to use it. When demonstrating ‘that’s not how it was’, historians at the same display ‘how the presentation should have been constructed’. Even if they don’t think of themselves as consultants on history making they act in this capacity.