bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Embracing Our Differences: Advancing Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Through Perioperative Nursing Education
Authors: Golding Christopher S. , Fencl Jennifer L. (Zinn)
Published: September 2024

A focus on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in a health care system is critical to ensure patient safety and improve the health outcomes of all surgical patients and communities. Some patient populations continue to experience disparities that negatively affect their burden of illness, ability to access quality care, and health‐related outcomes. Unconscious (or implicit) bias among clinicians can lead to unintentional discrimination against marginalized groups. Organization and perioperative leaders should recognize the importance of developing a workplace culture committed to DEI and implement strategies to educate and empower clinicians to embrace these initiatives. When developing educational offerings on DEI for personnel, educators should use a framework and a variety of educational strategies, such as listening tours, computer‐based learning, simulations, and journal and book clubs, to engage teams focused on optimizing the health and well‐being of the diverse surgical populations in their communities.
Controlled localization of graphene oxide to improve barrier, biodegradation and mechanical properties of PBAT/EVOH
Authors: Elhamnia Mehdi , Hashemi Motlagh Ghodratollah , Jafari Seyed Hassan
Published: September 2024

Incorporating graphene oxide (GO) with controlled localization into poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) blends with poly(ethylene vinyl alcohol) (EVOH) aimed to improve barrier properties, biodegradability, and mechanical strength of PBAT. The PBAT/EVOH/GO nanocomposites containing 0 to 1 wt% of GO were prepared by a reactive mixing process in internal mixer. Microscopic images confirmed that the GO nanoplatelets are mainly localized in PBAT phase and then at the interface, contrary to the thermodynamic affinity of GO toward EVOH. The reactive nature of PBAT/EVOH/GO nanocomposites was confirmed via time‐sweep rheological studies where specific changes were observed in melt viscosity over time. The results of microscopic studies, rheometry, tensile test, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) confirmed that localizing GO at the interface establishes strong interactions between PBAT and EVOH. By the addition of 0.75 wt% GO, tensile and yield strength were improved by 19% and 45%, respectively. Increasing GO significantly increased the hydrolysis degradation rate of the nanocomposites. Furthermore, the addition of GO considerably decreased the oxygen and water vapor permeability of the blends by up to 40% at 1 wt% GO.
Sustainable preparation of nano monodispered ATP based color master batch and its application in PA6
Authors: He Bo , Ma Jianuo , Xiang Luobing , Wang Han , Wang Xi , Yi Chunwang
Published: September 2024

As a representative of dope‐dye, the color masterbatch method has been widely applied in modern dyeing processes, while it has difficulties in solving the dispersibility of inorganic pigments color master batch in the polymer matrix. In this work, attapulgite (ATP) was used as the adsorption carrier of inorganic pigments to prepare color‐dyed attapulgite (CD‐ATP). The selected environmentally friendly inorganic pigments were well adsorbed by ATP in KOH aqueous solution, and could stably be monodispersed in KOH aqueous solution for more than 168 h. Moreover, the KOH aqueous solution could be reused repeatedly, thereby, a sustainable method to prepare novel CD‐ATP was realized. By blending the as‐prepared CD‐ATP with polyamide‐6 (PA6), a series of dope‐dyed colorful PA6 composites was prepared. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results indicated that the CD‐ATP was still monodispersed in the PA6 matrix, and endowed PA6 with a vivid color. Further studies show that the adding of CD‐ATP had little influence on the properties of PA6, but significantly reduced the water adsorption. This novel color‐dyed ATP has potential implications in making paper‐making blankets and is highly expected to have more extensive applications in many fields of life.
Catechin as a functional additive in electrospun PCL/gelatin/nHA nanocomposite fibers for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Mohammed Rubiya , Chacko Sobi K. , Balakrishnan Raneesh , Thomas Nebu George , Binsi P. K. , Muhamed Ashraf P. , Krishnan Nikhil , Anil Sukumaran
Published: September 2024

The promise of polymeric nanocomposite fibers in the biomedical field is well‐documented due to their adjustable properties and versatility. Electrospun fiber mats, which mimic the extracellular matrix, are particularly noted for their potential in tissue regeneration and repair. In this study, we investigate the role of catechin, a flavonoid, in enhancing cellular response to electrospun nanocomposite fibers of polycaprolactone (PCL), gelatin, and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA). Nanocomposite fibers were fabricated with varying concentrations of catechin and comprehensive analyses of the composite fibers were performed to evaluate their structural and chemical properties. In vitro, assays were performed to examine cell viability and ascertain the influence of catechin on cellular responses to these nanocomposite fibers. Simultaneously, in vivo studies assessed tissue responses to these materials. The findings revealed that incorporating catechin into PCL/gelatin/nHA nanocomposite fibers improved cellular responses in vitro as demonstrated by enhanced cell viability. Furthermore, in vivo investigations displayed positive tissue responses with these fibers, indicating their capacity to enhance cell growth and accelerate tissue regeneration. This study elucidates the potential of catechin as an integral component in designing polymeric nanocomposite fibers, potentially broadening the scope of their biomedical applications.
A 3D hydrogel scaffold with adjustable interlayer spacing for the formation of compact myocardial tissue
Authors: Yang Jianhui , Xu Feng , Jin Hang , Zhou Zhuomin , Wu Huiquan , Zhang Wangzihan , Xue Mingcheng , Qiu Bin , Gao Qiang , Lin Bin , Chen Songyue , Sun Daoheng
Published: September 2024

The design and optimization of three‐dimensional tissue scaffolds have presented a persistent challenge for myocardial tissue engineering. While current scaffolds have made strides in mimicking in vivo three‐dimensional environments, the presence of interlayer spacing has limited the formation of densely packed tissue, impeding cell‐to‐cell connections. We proposed a novel dynamic three‐dimensional myocardial tissue engineering scaffold with adjustable interlayer spacing, aiming to improve the uniformity of cell distribution and facilitate effective cell communication. The device was composed of hydrogel scaffolds that were fabricated with poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and flexible elastomer actuators that composed of polyurethane acrylate (PUA). Human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes mixed with gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) were seeded onto the multi‐layered scaffold with initial spacing of 100–500 μm. Experimental results indicated the seeding efficiency was maximized at an initial spacing of 400 μm. By decreasing the interlayer spacing, cell growth morphology and gap junction protein expression was improved. This work demonstrated the effect of interlayer spacing modulation to the tissue density and provided a potential approach for cultivation of compact and multi‐layered myocardial tissue.
Influence of polar‐modified ESBO on the thermal and mechanical properties of FKM/EPDM rubber blends
Authors: Du Faxin , Liu Gen , Yao Zhangjun , Zhou Shengrong , Wang Qiuhong , Yang Chengqiang , Lu Qian , He Pan , Cao Jiaxuan , Chen Honglin , Wei Yujun , Han Rui , Zhang Shuai , Li Guang‐Zhao
Published: September 2024

Renowned for its oil, heat, and chemical resistance, fluoroelastomer rubber (FKM) also presents notable drawbacks, such as inferior low‐temperature performance. In this study, 2,2‐trifluoroethylamine (TF) and 2,4‐difluorobenzylamine (DF) were grafted onto epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) to generate two innovative plasticizers: ESBO‐TF and ESBO‐DF that they were specifically designed to augment the low‐temperature performance of FKM. A thorough investigation into the effects of ESBO‐TF/DF on FKM/EPDM blends' properties was conducted. The study demonstrated that the integration of ESBO‐TF and ESBO‐DF enhanced the vital properties of the FKM/EPDM blends, including elongation at break, tear strength, and, significantly, low‐temperature performance. There was a noticeable decrease in the glass transition temperature (Tg), dropping by 3.54 and 2.95°C with the incorporation of 10 phr ESBO‐TF and ESBO‐DF, respectively. These respective plasticizers showed positive effects on the plasticization and compatibilization of the FKM/EPDM blends, thus proposing a novel methodology for developing new plasticizers for FKM and related blends.
Polydopamine‐modified black phosphorus/microcapsule composite material used to enhance the solar thermal conversion and self‐healing performance of SBS modified asphalt
Authors: Ren Denghui , Jiang Hao , Fan Shencheng , Song Liu , Luo Yating , Lai Fang , Pei Ruinan , Yang Qingzhao , Li Jing
Published: September 2024

This study developed UV‐responsive microcapsules to enhance the self‐healing properties of asphalt, addressing the limitations of low survival rates and single‐release mechanisms in current encapsulated rejuvenators. The microcapsules, featuring a urea‐formaldehyde shell embedded with polydopamine‐coated black phosphorus nanosheets (BP/DA) and microalgae bio‐oil as the core, can convert solar energy into thermal energy, promoting proactive self‐healing in asphalt materials. BP/DA expands the microcapsules' light absorption range, enhancing their photothermal conversion efficiency. When incorporated into styrene‐butadiene‐styrene (SBS)‐modified asphalt at a 1.5% dosage, the microcapsules (BP/DA/MC) improved the mechanical properties: ductility increased by 13.7%, softening point rose by 2%, and penetration decreased by 3.3%. The storage modulus (G′) at 46 and 64°C increased by 35.9% and 24.3%, respectively, compared to SBS asphalt. Additionally, the ductility self‐healing rate of BP/DA/MC/SBS asphalt improved by 209.7%, with a healing index (HI) of 78.16%. The microcapsules also demonstrated excellent photothermal conversion, increasing the asphalt's temperature by 22.6% under identical lighting conditions. This research offers a new method for developing intelligent self‐healing asphalt with multi‐mechanism activation, providing theoretical support for future third‐generation microcapsule‐based asphalt with remote‐controlled release and activation response.
A modified microscale viscosity model of polymer melts and experimental verification
Authors: Zhang Jiakun , Wang Minjie , Li Hongxia
Published: September 2024

During the micro‐molding of polymer melts, ensuring the viscosity models' accuracy was essential. Existing models had neglected the temperature dependence of microscale factor, rendering them unsuitable for materials with varying temperature sensitivities. This research employed a twin‐bore capillary rheometer and dies of distinct characteristic dimensions as the experimental setup to investigate the viscosity variations across four materials exhibiting diverse temperature sensitivities. A modified MCA viscosity model was established by integrating a microscale factor that accounted for both dimension and temperature dependence into the macroscopic Carreau viscosity model. The traditional MCAc model, which ignored the microscale factor's temperature dependence, offered a comparative reference. These models were subsequently applied to evaluate the influence of coupling effects between viscosity and viscous dissipation on melt temperature, with results compared to experimental data. The results indicated that the MCA model's viscosity forecasts were in closer accord with experimental measurements, maintaining an accuracy within a 16% margin. The models' application to temperature calculations under varying inlet velocities and temperatures confirmed that the MCA model's predictions of the temperature increase along the flow direction were more congruent with experimental outcomes, underscoring the critical importance of incorporating both dimension and temperature dependence when establish microscale viscosity models.
Novel benzothiazole/benzothiazole thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione derivatives as potential FOXM1 inhibitors: In silico, synthesis, and in vitro studies
Authors: Abusharkh Khaled A. N. , Comert Onder Ferah , Çınar Venhar , Onder Alper , Sıkık Merve , Hamurcu Zuhal , Ozpolat Bulent , Ay Mehmet
Published: September 2024

The oncogenic transcription factor FOXM1 overexpressed in breast and other solid cancers, is a key driver of tumor growth and progression through complex interactions, making it an attractive molecular target for the development of targeted therapies. Despite the availability of small‐molecule inhibitors, their limited specificity, potency, and efficacy hinder clinical translation. To identify effective FOXM1 inhibitors, we synthesized novel benzothiazole derivatives (KC10–KC13) and benzothiazole hybrids with thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione (KC21–KC36). These compounds were evaluated for FOXM1 inhibition. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation analysis revealed their binding patterns and affinities for the FOXM1‐DNA binding domain. The interactions with key amino acids such as Asn283, His287, and Arg286, crucial for FOXM1 inhibition, have been determined with the synthesized compounds. Additionally, the molecular modeling study indicated that KC12, KC21, and KC30 aligned structurally and interacted similarly to the reference compound FDI‐6. In vitro studies with the MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cell line demonstrated that KC12, KC21, and KC30 significantly inhibited FOXM1, showing greater potency than FDI‐6, with IC50 values of 6.13, 10.77, and 12.86 µM, respectively, versus 20.79 µM for FDI‐6. Our findings suggest that KC12, KC21, and KC30 exhibit strong activity as FOXM1 inhibitors and may be suitable for in vivo animal studies.
Urinary Biomarkers Associated With Pathogenic Pathways Reflecting Histologic Findings in Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Hiramoto Kazuoto , Saito Shuntaro , Hanaoka Hironari , Kikuchi Jun , Fukui Hiroyuki , Hashiguchi Akinori , Suzuki Katsuya , Takeuchi Tsutomu , Kaneko Yuko
Published: September 2024

Objective

There is a pressing need to understand the pathogenesis of histologic findings and identify the biomarkers for predicting the histologic severity in lupus nephritis (LN). This study aimed to identify the pathogenic signal pathway and elucidate urinary biomarkers for predicting the presence or severity of histologic findings in LN.

Methods

Urine samples from patients with biopsy‐proven active LN were screened for 1,305 proteins using an aptamer‐based proteomic assay. The diversity and expansion of individual renal histologic features in LN were quantified to identify the urinary proteins associated with the histologic findings found in each score. Candidate urinary proteins were validated in a validation cohort. Immunohistochemical staining of the renal tissues was performed to clarify the localization of the candidate proteins.

Results

Cluster analysis extracted five histologic subgroups according to their correlations with each histologic finding in LN. Protein groups that correlated with each histologic subgroup revealed a distinct pathogenesis in LN using pathway analyses. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay validation revealed that urinary calgranulin B (S100A9), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP‐1), and insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP‐5) levels could specifically predict the presence and severity of active glomerular lesions, interstitial inflammation, and interstitial fibrosis, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining revealed the localization of these proteins in each lesion.

Conclusion

Renal histologic findings may reflect the different pathogeneses involved in each lesion, and estimating the urinary calgranulin B, MCP‐1, and IGFBP‐5 levels may be useful in predicting the presence and severity of histologic findings in LN.
Direct Recycling of LixNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 from Production Scrap and End‐Of‐Life Batteries, Using Solid‐State Relithiation
Authors: Sita Lucas Evangelista , Sommerville Roberto , Alsofi Giar , Lima da Silva Wilgner , Gastol Dominika , Scarminio Jair , Kendrick Emma
Published: September 2024

Direct recycling of Li‐ion battery cathodes offers a sustainable and potentially cost‐effective alternative to conventional methods, often involving complex chemical processes and significant material losses. This study focuses on the relithiation of cathode materials from quality control reject (QCR) and end‐of‐life (EoL) Li‐ion cells to restore their physical structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance. Two NMC532/graphite pouch cells from the same manufacturer were studied. QCR cells, stored under ambient conditions, experienced corrosion and degradation before recycling, while EoL cells were cycled to the end of life. The cells were disassembled, and the cathode materials were delaminated using NaOH solution, then relithiated with LiOH at 700 °C for 15 hours in the air. Extensive characterization analyzed elemental composition, structural properties, thermal stability, and particle size distribution. Results indicated that relithiation successfully restored lithium content and improved the structural ordering and morphology of the cathode materials. The electrochemical performance of the relithiated cathodes exhibited good stability over 100 charge‐discharge cycles. The relithiated QCR samples achieved a capacity of 155.57 mAh g−1, while EoL samples reached 152.53 mAh g−1, comparable to pristine materials. This study highlights relithiation's potential to extend the lifecycle of Li‐ion cathodes, contributing to a more sustainable circular economy for battery materials.
Bulk Alloy Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Xiaohan , Zhao Xiaoying , Wang Liubin
Published: September 2024

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are considered a promising candidate for next‐generation energy storage systems due to the abundance of available sodium resources. The practical application of SIBs critically depends on developing durable electrode materials with high capacity and long lifespan, particularly when it comes to finding suitable anode materials. Alloy‐type anodes are appealing for their high capacities owing to the multiple electron transfer alloying reaction mechanism, making them ideal for high‐energy‐density SIBs. However, the huge volume change during charge/discharge process can cause the active material pulverization to detach from the current collector, leading to poor cycling performance, especially for bulk alloy anodes. Despite this challenge, recent progress in bulk or micro‐sized alloy anodes for SIBs have shown promise. This review highlights the up‐to‐date advancements and research on bulk alloy‐based anode materials for SIBs, including synthetic strategies and electrochemical performance. The crucial role of bulk alloy anodes in advancing SIB technology is discussed, along with a summary of research on bulk alloy‐type anodes and their compounds for sodium storage. Strategies to improve the electrochemical performance of bulk alloy‐based anode materials are also explored. Additionally, the potential of multi‐component alloys and high‐entropy alloys as future research directions for alloy‐based anodes is proposed.
Decreasing self‐injury in a child with multiple disabilities: A practitioner's demonstration
Authors: Laureano Brianna , Bajracharya Rajen , Chesbrough Emily A. , Falligant John Michael
Published: September 2024

Self‐injurious behavior is thought to be the product of interactions between deficits related to a primary disability (e.g., limited communication repertoires and adaptive skills) and learning experiences that reinforce problem behavior (e.g., consoling the child, terminating non‐preferred activities, etc.). For these cases, functional communication training (FCT) may be prescribed to decrease challenging behavior and increase the client's communicative repertoire. However, FCT procedures for individuals with multiple physical impairments may require considerable individualization and modifications. Unfortunately, the existing body of research related to the assessment and treatment of behavior of individuals with motor, visual, or other impairments is relatively limited. The purpose of this report is to demonstrate how practitioners can modify assessment and treatment procedures to decrease challenging behavior and promote independence when working with individuals with multiple impairments. We provide an example of effective skill acquisition and behavior reduction interventions for a young girl, Ava, presenting with multiple disabilities—including visual, hearing, and motor impairments. Consistent with the habilitative aims of applied behavior analysis, the intervention was effective at decreasing Ava's challenging behavior and increasing her independent communication and adaptive behavior.
EPR spectroscopy: A versatile tool for exploring transition metal complexes in organometallic and bioinorganic chemistry
Authors: Ju Minyoung , Kim Jin , Shin Jeongcheol
Published: September 2024

Paramagnetic molecules, such as main‐group radicals and transition metal complexes, play crucial roles in catalytic and enzymatic reactions in organometallic and bioinorganic chemistry. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy emerges as a powerful tool for probing the intricate electronic and geometric structures of these molecules. The application of EPR spectroscopy spans a wide spectrum of chemical entities, from simple radicals to transition metal complexes, metalloproteins, and metal clusters, emphasizing its versatility across various fields of chemistry. This review introduces the EPR spectra of transition metal complexes, offering a comprehensive theoretical foundation along with illustrative examples from both bioinorganic and organometallic chemistry. These examples highlight the effectiveness of EPR spectroscopy in characterizing transition metal complexes, reinforcing our understanding of their structure and reactivity.
Anti‐LSSDS pharmacological components identification of YuHuangLian based on the combination of spectrum–effect analysis and network pharmacology as well as molecular docking
Authors: Xu Beilei , Chen Shengnan , Liu Jingjing , Wu Di , Sun Wenbin , Liu Shusen , Hu Yang , Wang Hao , Wang Jinhong , Yang Bo , Li Wenlan , Ma Shuangcheng
Published: September 2024

This research aimed to investigate the pharmacological components for liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome (LSSDS) of Evodia rutaecarpa (also called Yu HuangLian [YHL]) by exploring the spectrum–effect relationship between fingerprints and pharmacological actions. The fingerprints of 17 batches of YHL with different preparation conditions according to Box–Behnken Design were generated and analyzed to identify the common peaks by HPLC and FT‐IR. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip), substance P, and 5‐HT levels in colon sample were measured by ELISA. Gray degree correlation and orthogonal partial least squares were employed to explore the correlation degree between components and pharmacologic activity. The presumed pharmacological components were further confirmed by network pharmacology, molecular docking, and qRT‐PCR. The columbamine, jatrorrhizine, coptisine, berberine, rutecarpine, and evodiamine of the 14 common peaks in HPLC fingerprints were significantly correlated with the pharmacological indexes. Similarly, there was a strong correlation with ‐OH, δNC‐H, and νC‐O‐C of the 10 common peaks in FT‐IR fingerprints. PTGS2 and CHRM3 were the main targets intervening LSSDS, and the presumed pharmacological components could markedly increase the expression of CHRM3 and obviously reduce the expression of PTGS2 compared with the model group.
Effect of Motor Interference Therapy on Distress Related to Traumatic Memories: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Controlled Feasibility Trial
Authors: Morales‐Rivero Alonso , Crail‐Meléndez Daniel , Reyes‐Santos Lorena , Bisanz Erik , Bisanz Jeffrey , Ruiz‐Chow Angel , Chavarria‐Medina Monica Maritza
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Traumatic memories (TM) are a core feature of stress‐related disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Treatment is often difficult, and specific pharmacological interventions are lacking. We present a novel non‐pharmacological intervention called motor interference therapy (MIT) as a promising alternative for these symptoms.

Aims

To determine the feasibility of MIT, a brief, audio‐delivered, and non‐pharmacological intervention that uses cognitive and motor tasks to treat TM.

Methods

We designed a randomized, double‐blind trial. Twenty‐eight participants from an outpatient clinic with at least one TM were included to receive either MIT or progressive muscle relaxation (PMR). Spanish versions of the PTSD symptom severity scale (EGS), visual analog scale for TM (TM–VAS), and quality of life (EQ–VAS) were applied prior to intervention, 1 week, and 1 month following intervention.

Results

Mean scores on all measures improved from baseline to posttest for both groups. MIT participants showed significantly more positive scores at 1 week and 1 month (TM–VAS baseline: 9.8 ± 0.4; immediate: 6.0 ± 2.0; 1 week: 3.8 ± 3.1 [d = 1.57]; 1 month 2.9 ± 2.8 [d = 1.93]) than PMR participants on measures of distress due to TM, trauma re‐experiencing, anxiety, and a composite measure of PTSD.

Conclusion

MIT is a simple, effective, and easy‐to‐use tool for treating TM and other stress‐related symptoms. It requires relatively few resources and could be adapted to many contexts. The results provide proof‐of‐principle support for conducting future research with larger cohorts and controls to improve clinical effectiveness and research on brief interventions.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03627078
A new mechanism of cancer initiation that involves the transformation of hepatocytes into preneoplastic single hepatocytes and minifoci positive for glutathione S‐transferase P‐form (GST‐P) in rat livers: 3D analysis using a vibratome
Authors: Satoh Kimihiko
Published: September 2024

Background

Cancer initiation has long been “unknowable” in biology and medicine. In 1987, however, Moore and our research group observed single hepatocytes and minifoci that were strongly positive for glutathione S‐transferase P‐form (GST‐P) in the rat liver as early as 2 to 3 days after initiation by diethylnitrosamine prior to the induction of GST‐P+ foci and nodules. The induction of GST‐P+ single hepatocytes, precursors of GST‐P+ foci and nodules, was considered genetic. But, the details of the induction mechanism have remained unclear despite various examinations over a long period.

Methods

Male Sprague‐Dawley rats (aged 6 weeks) were fed a basal diet containing either benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC, 0.5% by wt) or 2‐acetylaminofluorene (AAF, 0.04%) ad libitum for appropriate time intervals. All animals were anesthetized and euthanized. The livers obtained were excised, cut into 3‐ to 4‐mm‐thick slices and fixed in cold acetone at 4 °C. The liver specimens were then sliced into 25‐µm‐thick sections in PBS using an automated microtome (Vibratome 1500 Sectioning System, Vibratome Products, NY, USA). Immunocytochemical staining was performed in free solution, and the results were examined via digital light microscopy (Coolscope, Nikon, Tokyo).

Results

3D analysis using a vibratome showed that GST‐P is rapidly excreted into the bile of the liver of animals in response to strong carcinogenic stress caused by promoters or initiators. “Rapid biliary excretion of GST‐P” was widely and commonly observed in all hepatocytes, GST‐P+ single hepatocytes, minifoci, foci and nodules under appropriate conditions. Surprisingly, on the basis of these key findings, a new mechanism of cancer initiation involving the transformation of hepatocytes into GST‐P+ single hepatocytes and minifoci in animal livers was identified. In addition, the initiation process was determined to be nongenetic because mutation is an invisible rare event.

Conclusions

This short review describes several details about breakthrough findings on cancer initiation in rat livers, the application of 3D analysis to other cancers and the importance in the genetic analysis in malignant diseases.
Polysaccharides from Tremella Fuciformis Enhance Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in HepG2 Cells Through Activating the AMPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Song Haizhao , Lu Jing , Deng Rou
Published: September 2024

Polysaccharides have gained substantial attention for their diverse biological activities. The present study was conucted to elucidate the effects and molecular mechanisms of Tremella fuciformis‐derived polysaccharides (PTP‐3a) on glucose and lipid metabolism in palmitic acid (PA) ‐ treated HepG2 cells. Multiple parameters were assessed following PTP‐3a treatment, including lipid accumulation, glycogen content, glucose consumption, and enzyme activities, including pyruvate kinase (PK) and hexokinase (HK). Additionally, the expression levels of genes associated with glucose and lipid metabolism was evaluated using western blot analysis. PTP‐3a effectively inhibited lipid accumulation, promoted the glucose consumption, increased the amount of cellular glycogen, and enhanced PK and HK activities in PA‐treated cells. Furthermore, PTP‐3a induced a significant increase in the p‐AMPK/AMPK ratio and the expression level of PPARa, while decreasing the expression levels of SREBP, FAS, ACC, and SOCS3. In conclusion, these findings suggested that PTP‐3a exerted beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism by activating the AMPK signaling pathway, resulting in the inhibition of lipogenesis, promotion of fatty acid oxidation, and enhancement of cellular glycogen synthesis and glycolysis. These findings hold clinical relevance and provide a foundation for potential treatments for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and and related metabolic disorders.
Biosensor‐Guided Engineering of a Baeyer‐Villiger Monooxygenase for Aliphatic Ester Production
Authors: Sakoleva Thaleia , Vesenmaier Florian , Koch Lena , Schunke Jarne E. , Novak Kay D. , Grobe Sascha , Dörr Mark , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Bayer Thomas
Published: September 2024

Esters are valuable aroma compounds and can be produced enzymatically by Baeyer‐Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs) from (aliphatic) ketone precursors. However, a genetically encoded biosensor system for the assessment of BVMO activity and the detection of reaction products is missing. In this work, we assembled a synthetic enzyme cascade – featuring an esterase, an alcohol dehydrogenase, and LuxAB – in the heterologous host Escherichia coli. Target esters are produced by a BVMO, subsequently cleaved, and the corresponding alcohol oxidized through the artificial pathway. Ultimately, aldehyde products are detected in vivo by LuxAB, a luciferase from Photorhabdus luminescens that emits bioluminescence upon the oxidation of aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylates. This biosensor system greatly accelerated the screening and selection of active BVMO variants from a focused library, omitting commonly used low‐throughput chromatographic analysis. Engineered enzymes accepted linear aliphatic ketones such as 2‐undecanone and 2‐dodecanone and exhibited improved ester formation.
Mechanisms in the Synthesis of S‐Alcohols with 1,4‐NADH Biomimetic Co‐factor N‐Benzyl‐1,4‐dihydronicotinamide using Horse Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase: A Hybrid Computational Study
Authors: Farina Matteo , Capone Matteo , Bodo Enrico , Fish Richard H. , Aschi Massiliano , Marrone Alessandro , Daidone Isabella
Published: September 2024

The enantioselective reduction of prochiral ketones catalyzed by horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (HLADH), was investigated via a hybrid computational approach, for molecular reactions involved in chiral synthesis of S‐alcohols, when the natural co‐factor, 1,4‐dihyronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, 1,4‐NADH, was replaced with biomimetic co‐factor, N‐benzyl‐1,4‐dihydronicotinamide, 1. We surmised that different hydride and proton transfer mechanisms were involved using co‐factor, 1. An alternative mechanism, where the hydride transfer step occurred, via an η1‐keto‐S‐η2‐5,6‐1,4‐dihydronicotinamide‐Zn(II) complex, was previously investigated with a model of the HLADH−Zn(II) catalytic site (J. Organometal. Chem. 2021, 943, 121810). Presently, we studied canonical and alternative mechanisms compared to models of the entire enzyme structure. We disproved the η2‐Zn(II) complex, and discovered a canonical hydride transfer from biomimetic 1,4‐NADH, 1, to the Zn(II) bound prochiral ketone substrate, followed by a new proton relay, consisting of a water chain connecting His51 to Ser48 that accomplished the S‐alkoxy anion's protonation to yield the final S‐alcohol product. The HLADH catalysis, with biomimetic co‐factor, 1, that replaced the ribose group, the 5′‐diphosphate groups, and the adenine nucleotide with a N‐benzyl group, has provided a new paradigm for the design of other structures of 1,4‐NADH biomimetic co‐factors, including their economic value in biocatalysis reactions.
Acute kidney injury requiring dialysis after endovascular intervention for acute deep venous thrombosis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Al‐Mannai Najlaa Essa A. H. , Sibira Dalal , Alsuwaidi Hissa , Elmagdoub Ayman , Habas Elmukhtar , Alfitori Gamal
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical Message

Percutaneous precutaneous mechanical thrombectomy has been used for clot dissolution and removal in selected cases of iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis. Intravascular Hemolysis and hemoglobinuria caused by pharmachomechanical chather directed thrombolysis (PCDT) devices like the Angiojet is associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). Acute tubular necrosis that is severe enough to require hemodialysis can occur. Clinicians should be aware of this potential risk to ensure early recognition and timely referral to the nephrologist, and a clear explanation of the risk of AKI should be given to the patients undergoing this procedure.

Lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a frequently encountered medical condition, and one that can lead to death or major disability if not promptly treated. Anticoagulation alone may not always be enough for complete treatment. It has been reported that early thrombus removal can rapidly relieve symptoms and prevent disease progression in some selected cases. Percutaneous pharmacomechanical thrombectomy has been used for clot dissolution and removal in such cases. AngioJet is an increasingly used method of percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy for DVT that can cause intravascular hemolysis and potentially acute kidney injury (AKI). We report here a case of a 39 years old lady who developed severe AKI (illustrated by creatinine level of 664 μmol/L (7.5 mg/dL), bicarb of 13 mmol/L and being anuric), requiring hemodialysis secondary to intravascular hemolysis and hemoglobinuria that occurred immediately after the use of AngioJet pharmacomechanical catheter‐directed technique to treat an extensive iliofemoral DVT.
Simple/Commercially Available Lewis Acid in Anionic Ring‐Opening Polymerization: Powerful Compounds with Multiple Applications in Macromolecular Engineering
Authors: Illy Nicolas , Fu Hongqing , Mongkhoun Emma
Published: September 2024

Simple and commercially available Lewis acids (LAs) are commonly used catalysts in anionic ring‐opening polymerization (AROP) reactions. In particular, for the AROP of epoxides, the addition of a Lewis acid allows the transition from a so‐called end‐chain mechanism to a monomer‐activated mechanism. The presence of the LA simultaneously leads to a decrease in the reactivity of active centers through the formation of a three‐species ate complex and to the activation of the monomer by LA coordination to the oxygen atom of the oxirane ring. These two effects result in both an increase in propagation kinetics and a decrease in transfer reactions, which has enabled the synthesis of high molecular weight polyethers. However, the impact of Lewis acids goes far beyond these classic effects. They have indeed enabled the polymerization of new functional monomers as well as the synthesis of heterotelechelic macromolecules. Also widely used as catalysts in copolymerization reactions (statistical, sequential, and alternating) Lewis acids can strongly influence the composition and sequence of monomer units in macromolecules. Finally, Lewis acids can also significantly influence the architecture of the obtained macromolecules. This review aims to list the various contributions of Lewis acids to macromolecular engineering and illustrate them with well‐chosen examples.
Cost‐Effective Solutions for Lithium‐Ion Battery Manufacturing: Comparative Analysis of Olefine and Rubber‐Based Alternative Binders for High‐Energy Ni‐Rich NCM Cathodes
Authors: Montes Susan , Beutl Alexander , Paolella Andrea , Jahn Marcus , Tron Artur
Published: September 2024

Promoting safer and more cost‐effective lithium‐ion battery manufacturing practices, while also advancing recycling initiatives, is intrinsically tied to reducing reliance on fluorinated polymers like polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) as binders and minimizing the use of hazardous and expensive solvents such as N‐methyl pyrrolidone (NMP). In pursuit of this objective, olefin‐ and rubber‐based polymers have been investigated as promising alternatives for binder materials in high‐energy Ni‐rich LiNixCoyMnzO2 (NCM, x≥0.8) cathodes for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Alternative binders such as polyisobutylene (PIB), poly(styrene‐butadiene‐styrene) (SBS), nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), and its hydrogenated version (HNBR) offer versatile solutions. These polymers can be dissolved in industrial solvents, such as toluene, and have been further processed into homogeneous cathode slurries, thus facilitating the manufacturing of high‐energy Ni‐rich NCM cathodes for lithium‐ion batteries. The evaluation of NCM811 cathodes obtained from PIB, SBS, NBR, and HNBR has involved a thorough assessment of their physical and chemical properties, electrochemical performance, and production expenses, compared with NCM811 cathodes based on PVDF. Notably, cathodes employing PIB and HNBR have exhibited outstanding qualities, showcasing high specific capacity and remarkable electrochemical stability akin to PVDF‐based counterparts. Furthermore, the alternative binders′ superior adhesion, elasticity, and thermal stability have facilitated obtaining uniform and mechanically stable cathode films. Furthermore, using toluene, with its low vapor pressure, has significantly reduced energy costs associated with drying processes, thereby enhancing the overall cost‐effectiveness of the NCM811 cathodes.
Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy and Aquaphotomics in Cancer Research: A Pilot Study
Authors: Surkova Anastasiia , Boichenko Ekaterina , Bibikova Olga , Artyushenko Viacheslav , Muncan Jelena , Tsenkova Roumiana
Published: September 2024

Currently, the majority of methods to monitor cancer treatment through the analysis of body fluids are based on a highly selective detection of single molecules or cells. In this study, we are considering the analysis of the aqueous medium of liquid samples, that is, water, itself, using aquaphotomics and near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIR) for spectral data acquisition and processing, within cancer research. Water, as a molecular system, is a rich source of information about the current state of a patient, which can be extracted from near‐infrared spectra of liquid samples via simple algorithms based on multivariate data analysis. The reported results, obtained ex vivo of body fluids, demonstrate the potential of aquaphotomics in cancer research.
Lasamide Containing Sulfonylpiperazines as Effective Agents for the Management of Glaucoma Associated Symptoms
Authors: Kilbile Jaydeo T. , Sapkal Suryakant B. , Renzi Gioele , D'Agostino Ilaria , Boudjelal Mohamed , Tamboli Yasinalli , Cutarella Luigi , Mori Mattia , Sgambellone Silvia , Villano Serafina , Marri Silvia , Lucarini Laura , Carradori Simone , Carta Fabrizio , Supuran Claudiu T.
Published: September 2024

A series of 2,4‐dichloro‐5‐{[4‐(phenylsulfonyl)piperazin‐1‐yl]carbonyl}benzenesulfonamides were designed and synthesized through amidation of Lasamide 1 with substituted piperazines. The newly obtained compounds demonstrated remarkable inhibition potency and selectivity for the human (h) expressed Carbonic Anhydrase (CA; EC 4.2.1.1) II isoform. Selected compounds 7 and 9 were investigated in an in vivo model of glaucoma and showed relevant performances, with the latter being able to last the effect up to 4 hours. The results herein reported are in sustainment of Lasamide derivatives as a new class of compounds potentially exploitable for the management of uncontrolled intra ocular pressure (IOP).
Effect of Renal and Hepatic Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics of Pritelivir and Its Metabolites
Authors: Erb‐Zohar Katharina , Bonsmann Susanne , Pausch Jörg , Sumner Melanie , Birkmann Alexander , Zimmermann Holger , Halabi Atef , Kropeit Dirk
Published: September 2024

Two trials were performed to evaluate the effect of renal and hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of pritelivir and its metabolites. The renal impairment trial included subjects with mild, moderate, and severe impairment, while the hepatic impairment trial included subjects with moderate impairment. Both trials recruited a matched control group of healthy subjects. Following a single oral dose of 100 mg of pritelivir, mild and moderate renal impairment and moderate hepatic impairment did not have a clinically relevant effect on the pharmacokinetics of pritelivir. In subjects with severe renal impairment, pritelivir exposure (area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC0‐inf) was 57% higher compared with controls. Pritelivir plasma protein binding was similar in subjects and controls with renal impairment, while the free fraction was higher in subjects with moderate hepatic impairment, increasing unbound pritelivir exposure by 23%. For the metabolites pyridinyl phenyl acetic acid (PPA), amino thiazole sulfonamide (ATS), and PPA‐acyl glucuronide, generally higher exposure was observed with increasing degree of renal impairment (ie, moderate to severe), but not with mild impairment. A modest effect of moderate hepatic impairment was observed for PPA and ATS. Pritelivir was safe and well tolerated in healthy subjects and subjects with renal or hepatic impairment.
Piercing the Shadows: Exploring the Influence of Signal Preprocessing on Interpreting Ultrasensitive Bioelectronic Sensor Data
Authors: Caputo Mariapia , Sarcina Lucia , Scandurra Cecilia , Catacchio Michele , Piscitelli Matteo , Franco Cinzia Di , Bollella Paolo , Scamarcio Gaetano , Torsi Luisa , Macchia Eleonora
Published: September 2024

The development of ultrasensitive electronic sensors for in vitro diagnostics is essential for the reliable monitoring of asymptomatic individuals before illness proliferation or progression. These platforms are increasingly valued for their potential to enable timely diagnosis and swift prognosis of infectious or progressive diseases. Typically, the responses from these analytical tools are recorded as digital signals, with electronic data offering simpler processing compared to spectral and optical data. However, preprocessing electronic data from potentiometric biosensor arrays is still in its infancy compared to more established optical technologies. This study utilized the Single‐Molecule with a Large Transistor (SiMoT) array, which has achieved a Technology Readiness Level of 5, to explore the impact of data preprocessing on electronic biosensor outcomes. A dataset consisting of plasma and cyst fluid samples from 37 patients with pancreatic precursor cyst lesions was analyzed. The findings revealed that standard signal preprocessing can produce misleading conclusions due to artifacts introduced by mathematical transformations. The study offers strategies to mitigate these effects, ensuring that data interpretation remains accurate and reflective of the underlying biochemical information in the samples.
Effect of Synthesis Temperature on Performance of Phenazine‐Based Cathode for Sodium Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Xuan , Li Jianlin , Liu Yifan , Li Dong , Ma Mingbo , Xie Yuehong , You Wenzhi , Zheng Aqun , Xiong Lilong
Published: September 2024

Organic materials have attracted much attention in the field of electrochemical energy storage due to their ecological sustainability, abundant resources and structural designability. However, low electrical conductivity and severe agglomeration of organic materials lead to poor discharge capacity and reaction kinetics in batteries. Herein, the morphology of the phenazine‐based organic polymer poly(5,10‐diphenylphenazine) (PDPPZ) was modified by varying the synthesis temperature. PDPPZ‐165 °C with an exceptional porous structure provides abundant reaction channels for rapid charge transfer and diffusion that improves the reaction kinetics in sodium dual‐ion batteries. Therefore, PDPPZ‐165 °C cathode possesses excellent rapid charge‐discharge capability delivering a specific capacity of 119.2 mAh g−1 at 40 C. Furthermore, a high specific capacity of 124.7 mAh g−1 can be provided even at a high loading of 16 mg cm−2 at 0.5 C with a capacity retention of 86.4 % after 500 cycles. This work could afford new insights for optimizing the performance of organic cathode materials in sodium dual‐ion batteries.
Micro‐bacterial assessment of disposable gowns with a focus on green endoscopy in gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures: A Japanese pilot study for healthcare waste reduction
Authors: Naito Sakiko , Nakamura Itaru , Muramatsu Takahiro , Kagawa Yasuyuki , Fukuzawa Masakatsu , Itoi Takao
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study aimed to implement green endoscopy through the microbiological assessment of gowning techniques during endoscopy to reduce carbon emissions and separate medical waste.

Methods

Twenty‐five patients who performed esophagogastroduodenoscopy from March to May 2024 were included in this study. Four sections of the isolation gowns (anterior, posterior, right, and left) were cut into 2 cm2 after endoscopy, and the rate of microbial contamination was examined using the stamp method.

Results

The endoscopic examination time was 8 min (6−12), and endoscopy was performed by 10 expert endoscopists, six endoscopists, and nine residents. The overall isolation gown contamination rate was 56%, with 25%, 20.8%, 20.8%, and 33.3% in the front, back, as well as right and left arms, respectively. The rates of isolation gown contamination rates in the expert endoscopists, endoscopists, and residents groups were 30%, 50%, and 77.8%, respectively, with a higher rate in the residents group. Regardless of the physician's performance, bacterial detection was consistently higher in the left arm (42.9% vs. 40% vs. 25%; p = 0.093). The detected bacteria comprised 58% Gram‐positive and 42% Gram‐negative organisms, including those from tap water used for endoscopy bacteria and obtained from the participant's skin or mouth. No pathogenic organisms were detected.

Conclusions

The bacteria detected in disposable gowns after gastrointestinal endoscopy were non‐pathogenic. Thus, our findings suggest that changing all personal protective equipment of respective endoscopes might not be essential. We advocate for green endoscopy to achieve sustainable development goals and reduce medical waste.