bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Long-Term Motor, Sensory, and Urinary Outcomes
Authors: Motiei-Langroudi Rouzbeh , Sadeghian Homa
Published: June 2017

Study Design

Retrospective study.

Purpose

To evaluate how motor, sensory, and urinary outcomes of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients were influenced in the long term.

Overview of Literature

SCI is a potentially disabling and devastating neurological outcome that can occur because of spinal column fractures. Most studies have not evaluated or have failed to show the influence of different surgical approaches and other parameters on neurological recovery.

Methods

A thorough history regarding sensory, motor, and urinary complaints was taken from 103 patients with SCI due to vertebral fracture; patients were followed by a thorough neurological examination. Subsequently, all medical records of patients, including neurological state after trauma, trauma mechanism, treatment protocol, surgical protocol, and imaging findings, were evaluated.

Results

Of the 103 patients, 73.8% were survivors of a major earthquake and 26.2% were victims of vehicle accidents; 92.2% patients were surgically treated, while 7.8% underwent conservative management. The mean follow-up duration was 10.3 years. In follow-up visits, 67.0%, 12.6%, 13.6%, and 6.8% patients showed no, partial, substantial, and complete motor improvement, respectively; 68.0%, 26.2%, and 5.8% showed no, mild, and substantial sensory improvement, respectively; and 73.8%, 17.5%, and 8.7% showed no, substantial, and complete urinary improvement, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that sex, age at injury time, follow-up duration, trauma mechanism, and stem cell therapy had no effect on motor, sensory, and urinary improvement. Higher initial scores on the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) classification, lumbar fracture level, and performance of laminectomy improved motor outcome; higher initial ASIA scores improved urinary and sensory outcomes.

Conclusions

The initial ASIA score is the most important factor for prognosticating motor, sensory, and urinary improvement in SCI patients. Lumbar (L3–L5) and thoracic (T1–T10) fractures have the best and worst prognosis, respectively, in terms of motor recovery. Laminectomy during surgery improves motor function.
A Symmetric Direct Discontinuous Galerkin Method for the Compressible Navier-Stokes Equations
Authors: Yue Huiqiang , Cheng Jian , Liu Tiegang
Published: June 2017

In this work, we investigate the numerical approximation of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations under the framework of discontinuous Galerkin methods. For discretization of the viscous and heat fluxes, we extend and apply the symmetric direct discontinuous Galerkin (SDDG) method which is originally introduced for scalar diffusion problems. The original compressible Navier-Stokes equations are rewritten into an equivalent form via homogeneity tensors. Then, the numerical diffusive fluxes are constructed from the weak formulation of primal equations directly without converting the second-order equations to a first-order system. Additional numerical flux functions involving the jump of second order derivative of test functions are added to the original direct discontinuous Galerkin (DDG) discretization. A number of numerical tests are carried out to assess the practical performance of the SDDG method for the two dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations. These numerical results obtained demonstrate that the SDDG method can achieve the optimal order of accuracy. Especially, compared with the well-established symmetric interior penalty (SIP) method [18], the SDDG method can maintain the expected optimal order of convergence with a smaller penalty coefficient.
DNS Study on Vortex and Vorticity in Late Boundary Layer Transition
Authors: Wang Yiqian , Yang Yong , Yang Guang , Liu Chaoqun
Published: June 2017

Vortex and vorticity are two correlated but fundamentally different concepts which have been the central issues in fluid mechanics research. Vorticity has rigorous mathematical definition (curl of velocity), but no clear physical meaning. Vortex has clear physical meaning (rotation) but no rigorous mathematical definition. For a long time, many people treat them as a same thing. However, based on our high-order direct numerical simulation (DNS), we found that first, “vortex” is not “vorticity tube” or “vortex tube” which is widely defined as a bundle of vorticity lines without any vorticity line leak. Actually, vortex is an open area for vorticity line penetration. Second, vortex is not necessarily congregation of vorticity lines, but dispersion in many 3-dimensional cases. Some textbooks say that vortex cannot end inside the flow field but must end on the solid wall (and/or boundaries). Our DNS observation and many other numerical results show almost all vortices are ended inside the flow field. Finally, a more theoretical study shows that neither vortex nor vorticity line can attach to the solid wall and they must be detached from the wall.
Developing Mobile Clinical Decision Support for Nursing Home Staff Assessment of Urinary Tract Infection using Goal-Directed Design
Authors: Jones Wallace , Drake Cynthia , Mack David , Reeder Blaine , Trautner Barbara , Wald Heidi
Published: June 2017

Background: Unique characteristics of nursing homes (NHs) contribute to high rates of inappropriate antibiotic use for asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB), a benign condition. A mobile clinical decision support system (CDSS) may support NH staff in differentiating urinary tract infections (UTI) from ASB and reducing antibiotic days.

Objectives: We used Goal-Directed Design to: 1) Characterize information needs for UTI identification and management in NHs; 2) Develop UTI Decide, a mobile CDSS prototype informed by personas and scenarios of use constructed from Aim 1 findings; 3) Evaluate the UTI Decide prototype with NH staff.

Methods: Focus groups were conducted with providers and nurses in NHs in Denver, Colorado (n = 24). Qualitative descriptive analysis was applied to focus group transcripts to identify information needs and themes related to mobile clinical decision support for UTI identification and management. Personas representing typical end users were developed; typical clinical context scenarios were constructed using information needs as goals. Usability testing was performed using cognitive walk-throughs and a think-aloud protocol.

Results: Four information needs were identified including guidance regarding resident assessment; communication with providers; care planning; and urine culture interpretation. Design of a web-based application incorporating a published decision support algorithm for evidence-based UTI diagnoses proceeded with a focus on nursing information needs during resident assessment and communication with providers. Certified nursing assistant (CNA) and registered nurse (RN) personas were constructed in 4 context scenarios with associated key path scenarios. After field testing, a high fidelity prototype of UTI Decide was completed and evaluated by potential end users. Design recommendations and content recommendations were elicited.

Conclusions: Goal-Directed Design informed the development of a mobile CDSS supporting participant-identified information needs for UTI assessment and communication in NHs. Future work will include iterative deployment and evaluation of UTI Decide in NHs to decrease inappropriate use of antibiotics for suspected UTI.

Citation: Jones W, Drake C, Mack D, Reeder B, Trautner B, Wald HL. Developing mobile clinical decision support for nursing home staff assessment of urinary tract infection using goal-directed design.Appl Clin Inform 2017; 8: 632–650 https://doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2016-12-RA-0209
Disaster Restoration Projects: A Conceptual Project Management Perspective
Authors: Baroudi Bassam , Rapp Randy
Published: June 2017

Disaster events create significant challenges for all those involved with affected people and communities having many needs in the ensuing period. One of the major needs is that of reinstating the built environment back to its original pre-disaster condition. That is the restoration and reconstruction of damaged structures. This paper particularly focuses in on the repair and mitigation aspect. These are termed disaster restoration projects and are thought to contain many unique problems not found within conventional construction. The area of project management is continually attracting interest from various sectors. This is mainly due to its perceived value within the business world. Hence, it seems worthwhile that the emerging disaster restoration field look to project management principles and knowledge for possible benefits. With this in mind this study initially presents some background in respect to disasters, restoration and project management. It then follows on to provide a commentary on the topic examining project organization, stakeholders, life cycles, processes and project management knowledge areas. The commentary is founded within project management best practice. Disaster restoration projects would appear to have their own unique attributes and problems. As such, examining disaster restoration projects through a project management lens provides an opportunity to enhance knowledge within this field. It is believed that the application of recognized project management concepts can lead to improved outcomes. This study should prove useful to those involved in disaster restoration projects across the developed and developing world.
Performance Study on Natural Marker Detection for Augmented Reality Supported Facility Maintenance
Authors: Koch Christian , Neges Matthias , König Markus , Abramovici Michael
Published: June 2017

The operation and maintenance phase is the longest and most expensive life-cycle period of building facilities. Operators need to perform activities to provide a comfortable living and working environment and to upkeep equipment to prevent functionality failures. For that purpose they manually browse, sort and select dispersed and unformatted facility information before actually going on the site. Although some software tools have been introduced, they still spent 50% of the on-site work on inspection target localization and navigation. To improve these manual, time consuming and tedious procedures, the authors previously presented a framework that uses BIM-based Augmented Reality (AR) to support facility maintenance tasks. The proposed workflow contains AR supported activities, namely AR-based indoor navigation and AR-based maintenance instructions. An inherent problem of AR is marker definition and detection. As introduced, indoor natural markers such as exit signs, fire extinguisher location signs, and appliances’ labels were identified to be suitable for both navigation and maintenance instructions. However, small markers, changing lighting conditions, low detection frame rates and accuracies might prevent the proposed approach from being practical. In this paper the performance of natural marker detection will be evaluated under different configurations, varying marker types, marker sizes, camera resolutions and lighting conditions. The detection performance will be measured using pre-defined metrics incorporating detection accuracy, tracking quality, frame rates, and robustness. The result will be a set of recommendations on what configurations are most suitable and practical within the given framework.
From soil water to surface water – how the riparian zone controls element transport from a boreal forest to a stream
Authors: Lidman Fredrik , Boily Åsa , Laudon Hjalmar , Köhler Stephan J.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Boreal headwaters are often lined by strips of highly organic soils, which are the last terrestrial environment to leave an imprint on discharging groundwater before it enters a stream. Because these riparian soils are so different from the Podzol soils that dominate much of the boreal landscape, they are known to have a major impact on the biogeochemistry of important elements such as C, N, P and Fe and the transfer of these elements from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems. For most elements, however, the role of the riparian zone has remained unclear, although it should be expected that the mobility of many elements is affected by changes in, for example, pH, redox potential and concentration of organic carbon as they are transported through the riparian zone. Therefore, soil water and groundwater was sampled at different depths along a 22 m hillslope transect in the Krycklan catchment in northern Sweden using soil lysimeters and analysed for a large number of major and trace elements (Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Si, Sr, Th, Ti, U, V, Zn, Zr) and other parameters such as sulfate and total organic carbon (TOC). The results showed that the concentrations of most investigated elements increased substantially (up to 60 times) as the water flowed from the uphill mineral soils and into the riparian zone, largely as a result of higher TOC concentrations. The stream water concentrations of these elements were typically somewhat lower than in the riparian zone, but still considerably higher than in the uphill mineral soils, which suggests that riparian soils have a decisive impact on the water quality of boreal streams. The degree of enrichment in the riparian zone for different elements could be linked to the affinity for organic matter, indicating that the pattern with strongly elevated concentrations in riparian soils is typical for organophilic substances. One likely explanation is that the solubility of many organophilic elements increases as a result of the higher concentrations of TOC in the riparian zone. Elements with low or modest affinity for organic matter (e.g. Na, Cl, K, Mg and Ca) occurred in similar or lower concentrations in the riparian zone. Despite the elevated concentrations of many elements in riparian soil water and groundwater, no increase in the concentrations in biota could be observed (bilberry leaves and spruce shoots).
Study on the applicability of the microtremor HVSR method to support seismic microzonation in the town of Idrija (W Slovenia)
Authors: Gosar Andrej
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The town of Idrija is located in an area with an increased seismic hazard in W Slovenia and is partly built on alluvial sediments or artificial mining and smelting deposits which can amplify seismic ground motion. There is a need to prepare a comprehensive seismic microzonation in the near future to support seismic hazard and risk assessment. To study the applicability of the microtremor horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method for this purpose, 70 free-field microtremor measurements were performed in a town area of 0.8 km2 with 50–200 m spacing between the points. The HVSR analysis has shown that it is possible to derive the sediments' resonance frequency at 48 points. With the remaining one third of the measurements, nearly flat HVSR curves were obtained, indicating a small or negligible impedance contrast with the seismological bedrock. The isofrequency (a range of 2.5–19.5 Hz) and the HVSR peak amplitude (a range of 3–6, with a few larger values) maps were prepared using the natural neighbor interpolation algorithm and compared with the geological map and the map of artificial deposits. Surprisingly no clear correlation was found between the distribution of resonance frequencies or peak amplitudes and the known extent of the supposed soft sediments or deposits. This can be explained by relatively well-compacted and rather stiff deposits and the complex geometry of sedimentary bodies. However, at several individual locations it was possible to correlate the shape and amplitude of the HVSR curve with the known geological structure and prominent site effects were established in different places. In given conditions (very limited free space and a high level of noise) it would be difficult to perform an active seismic refraction or MASW measurements to investigate the S-wave velocity profiles and the thickness of sediments in detail, which would be representative enough for microzonation purposes. The importance of the microtremor method is therefore even greater, because it enables a direct estimation of the resonance frequency without knowing the internal structure and physical properties of the shallow subsurface. The results of this study can be directly used in analyses of the possible occurrence of soil–structure resonance of individual buildings, including important cultural heritage mining and other structures protected by UNESCO. Another application of the derived free-field isofrequency map is to support soil classification according to the recent trends in building codes and to calibrate Vs profiles obtained from the microtremor array or geophysical measurements.
Entropy Risk Factor Model of Exchange Rate Prediction
Authors: Stanley Darrol J. , Efremidze Levan , Rossouw Jannie
Published: June 2017

We investigate the predictability of an exchange rate with entropy risk factor model, as there is growing evidence that financial markets behave as complex systems. The model is tested on the data of South African Rand (ZAR) exchange rate for the period of 2004-2015. We calculate sample entropy based on the daily data of the exchange rate and conduct empirical implementation of several market timing rules based on these entropy signals. The dynamic investment portfolio based on entropy signals produces better risk adjusted performance than a buy and hold strategy. The returns are estimated on the portfolio values in U.S. dollars. The results raise the potential attractiveness of complex systems analyses, especially the methods of entropy, for foreign exchange market research and applications.
Nominal Group as Qualifier to ‘Someone’
Authors: Sujatna Eva Tuckyta Sari , Wahyuni Sri
Published: June 2017

The paper titled Nominal Group as Qualifier to ‘Someone’ investigated types of qualifiers which are embedded to the head ‘someone’ in a nominal group. This research was conducted in the light of Systemic Functional Linguistics analysis. The data was analyzed, classified then described using descriptive qualitative method. This research produced four classifications of nominal group as qualifier, which were clauses, prepositional phrases, nominal groups, and linked independent element. The clause as qualifier is sub-classified into finite and non-finite clauses. Further sub-classification is conducted over finite clause into Full Relative Clause (FRC), Relative Clause with Preposition (RCP), and Contact Clause (CC). Further sub-classification over non-finite clause resulted in Operative Imperfective Non Finite Clause (OINFC), Receptive Imperfective Non Finite Clause (RINFC), and Operative Perfective Non Finite Clause (OPNFC). This research also found qualifiers which consisted of two or more linked non-embedding elements.
Omega-3 Fatty Acid Oil Enhancement of a Protein-Based Recovery Beverage: Sensory Analysis with Athletes
Authors: MacMartin Jessica Marie , Buckley W. E. , Cranage David , Bream Tim , Bordi Peter Lawrence
Published: June 2017

Essential omega-3 fatty acids must be consumed through the diet to meet the body’s nutrition requirement. Daily-recommended intake of omega-3 fatty acids for adults is 270 milligrams/day. These fatty acids are commonly consumed through fish, but it is known that the United States population at large is not meeting their recommended daily intake. Supplements containing these important acids should be considered to close the gap between recommendations and actual intake. To create a product with these beneficial acids, sensory analysis was conducted to see if non-trained male and female athlete panelists could notice the difference in several key sensory characteristics (appearance, initial taste, color, sweetness, consistency, chocolate flavor, aftertaste, overall quality and overall liking) in a chocolate protein-based recovery beverage. The sensory-neutral oil was added into the beverage and athletes (n=95) were asked to taste the omega-3 and original beverage and rank each characteristic on hedonic and just-about-right scales. Color of the drink, aftertaste, overall quality and overall liking were rated significantly higher for the omega-3 added drink. Overall, the addition of the omega-3 fatty acids improved the beverage in several key attributes and can be added into the final formulation of the product.
Investigation of LSF Structure Effect on Economy and Sustainable Housing in Iran. Case Study: 50m2 Units
Authors: Tavakoli Davod Baradaran , Bareshadat Negin , Tafrishi Maryam , Abbaspour Ehsan
Published: June 2017

Housing is an important element in government’s broad social agenda. This element overlaps employment, health, education, crime and many other aspects of life. We can say housing is stable, when everyone has access to a minimum house, social cohesion promotes and people’s lives improve toward self-reliance. On the other hand, designing stable buildings is aimed to reduce its damage on environment, energy resources and nature that requires spending to build housing, however, due to high cost of housing, poor sectors of society cannot buy house, while government has to provide house for all sectors in society. Assuming that LSF structures promote stability, this study is aimed to structural search to build urban buildings, which is responsive to sustainable architecture and can be justified economically. This study is analytical and based on library studies and comparative analogy tries to answer questions such as: how to use LSF structure in designing buildings in order to reduce their cost, and whether these structures is affordable across the country based on variety of building regulations in cities. In this regard, in order to examine LSF technology in construction and comparing it with conventional construction methods, we investigate and calculate 50 square meters one-bedroom apartments. Our conclusion indicates that using this technology in addition to positive response to sustainable architecture, increases the ability to buy a home, as well as strength and durability of these structures compared to conventional constructions in different environmental conditions and earthquake.
Contribution to the knowledge of fungi of the Kampinos National Park (Poland) with particular emphasis on the species occurring in burnt places
Authors: Gierczyk Błażej , Szczepkowski Andrzej , Kujawa Anna , Ślusarczyk Tomasz , Zaniewski Piotr
Published: June 2017

The paper presents 32 species of macrofungi new to the Kampinos National Park, found during the studies on fire-damaged areas after the forest fires in 2015. Three species new to Poland were described and illustrated (Calycellina leucella, Exobasidium juelianum, and Gymnopilus decipiens). Four species from Polish red list of macrofungi have been recorded in the Kampinos National Park for the first time: Botryobasidium vagum (R), Geastrum coronatum (V), Helicogloea farinacea (E), Inonotus cuticularis (R). During the current studies 17 pyrophilous species new to the Kampinos National Park were found.
Effects of Fe-Doping on the Structural and Magnetic Properties of Indium Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Bottom up Techniqu
Authors: M. Naeem  , K. Kamran  , S. Qaseem  , S. Rizwan Ali  , S. Imran Ali
Published: June 2017

We study Fe doped In2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) from structural and magnetic point of view. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveal cubic bixbyite structure for both pure and Fe doped samples thereby confirming successful incorporation of Fe in host In2O3 lattice. Average crystallite size of pure and Fe doped (5% and 10%) In2O3 as calculated by Scherer’s formula shows slight increase from 21 nm for pure to 27 nm for the sample with 10% Fe content. The Williamson Hall (WH) method was also utilized to further determine crystallite size and Fe induced strain in In2O3 lattice. The crystallite sizes by WH plot are found to be 18 nm (for undoped), 22 nm (for 5% Fe) and 24 nm (for 10% Fe). These values are in good agreement with TEM results. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) indicates the existence of some oxygen vacancies in Fe doped In2O3 samples. Magnetic measurements show that all Fe doped In2O3 NPs exhibit typical ferromagnetic hysteresis loop with saturation magnetization Ms increasing with increasing Fe concentration. Temperature dependence of field cooled (FC) and zero field cooled (ZFC) magnetizations show no divergence and transition from ferromagnetism to paramagnetism in the temperature range of 5 to 300 K. This evidences a robust room-temperature-ferromagnetism (RTFM) in these NPs. The RTFM of our samples is attributed to the presence of oxygen vacancies in our samples.
LORSQUE PIAGET, SIEGLER ET FLYNN RENCONTRENT DARWIN
Authors: Larivée Serge
Published: June 2017

L’objectif de ce texte est de montrer que les concepts darwiniens peuvent aider à comprendre le développement et le fonctionnement de l’intelligence humaine. Le texte comprend cinq parties. Dans la première partie, nous abordons brièvement des notions d’intelligence et d’évolution. Dans la seconde, nous exposons les correspondances de certains aspects de la théorie de Piaget avec ceux de la théorie évolutionniste. Dans la troisième partie, nous mettons en évidence que les concepts darwiniens s’appliquent aux deux modèles de développement cognitif élaborés par Siegler. Dans la quatrième partie, nous montrons que l’augmentation des scores de QI au fil des générations (appelée Effet Flynn) peut être imputable aux pressions de l’environnement. Enfin, nous présentons brièvement l’impact de faibles habiletés intellectuelles sur la santé physique et psychologique.
NEUROSCIENCE DU BONHEUR
Authors: Davidson Richard J. , Schuyler Brianna S. , Bouffard Léandre , Lapierre Sylvie
Published: June 2017

Cette revue de recherches met en évidence quatre nouvelles composantes du bien-être et leurs bases neurales sous-jacentes : 1) les émotions positives soutenues; 2) la récupération à la suite d’expériences négatives (résilience); 3) l’empathie, l’altruisme et le comportement prosocial; 4) le vagabondage de l’esprit, la pleine conscience et l’attention « capturée » par l’émotion. Les circuits neuraux sous-jacents à chacune de ces composantes sont partiellement indépendants, malgré un certain recouvrement. Les circuits sous-jacents aux quatre composantes du bien-être se caractérisent tous par la plasticité; ils peuvent être transformés. Ainsi, le bonheur et le bien-être peuvent être considérés comme des habiletés pouvant être développées par l’entraînement cognitif.
USAGE PROBLÉMATIQUE DE LA PORNOGRAPHIE : CONCEPTUALISATION, ÉVALUATION ET TRAITEMENT
Authors: Sergerie Marie-Anne , Corneau Simon
Published: June 2017

La facilité d’accès à Internet a une grande incidence sur l'usage de la pornographie. Certaines personnes éprouvent toutefois des difficultés à gérer leur usage, ce qui amène plusieurs conséquences dans leur fonctionnement au quotidien. L’usage problématique de la pornographie étant un phénomène récent, les psychologues, sexologues et intervenants en santé mentale ne sont pas toujours outillés pour intervenir efficacement sur cette problématique. Comment comprendre, évaluer et traiter cette problématique? L’objectif de cet article est de dresser l’état des connaissances actuelles sur l'usage problématique de la pornographie, sur les méthodes d'évaluation documentées et les traitements et approches cliniques d’intervention possibles afin de guider les professionnels à mieux intervenir auprès d’une clientèle aux prises avec cette problématique.
IMAGE CORPORELLE, ATTITUDES ET CONDUITES ALIMENTAIRES DURANT LA GROSSESSE : UNE RECENSION DES ÉCRITS
Authors: Desmecht Stéphanie , Achim Julie
Published: June 2017

Cet article présente une recension des écrits portant sur les attitudes et comportements à l’égard du poids, de l’image corporelle et de l’alimentation des femmes enceintes. Il dresse un portrait des connaissances actuelles concernant leur expérience de la grossesse et des changements corporels, la satisfaction qu’elles éprouvent ou non à cet égard, les préoccupations que ces changements peuvent générer chez elles et, enfin, les attitudes et conduites alimentaires qu’elles adoptent pendant cette période. Les différents constats se dégageant de la documentation scientifique sont présentés. Des recommandations sont formulées quant à l’importance, dans le cadre des suivis périnataux, de s’intéresser à ces questions afin de prévenir le développement de difficultés sur le plan du rapport à l’alimentation, de craintes quant à la prise de poids et, ultimement, afin de dépister précocement des troubles de la conduite alimentaire chez les femmes enceintes, ce qui pourrait compromettre la santé de la mère et du bébé.
alexithymie et Psychopathologie chez des femmes qui consultent pour des problèmes d’alimentation
Authors: Aimé Annie , Cyr Caroline , Ricard Marie-Michèle , Guèvremont Guylaine , Bournival Chantal
Published: June 2017

L’alexithymie est associée à des troubles des conduites alimentaires (TCA). L’étude actuelle s’intéresse aux relations entre l’alexithymie, les comportements alimentaires problématiques et la psychopathologie. Cent trente-quatre femmes ont rempli des questionnaires en ligne évaluant l’alexithymie, les attitudes et comportements alimentaires problématiques, l’estime de soi, le perfectionnisme et les symptômes dépressifs. Les résultats montrent que les participantes qui obtiennent un score d’alexithymie élevé présentent une symptomatologie alimentaire et générale significativement plus élevée. Les régressions linéaires effectuées révèlent que les symptômes dépressifs prédisent significativement le degré d’alexithymie et celui-ci prédit la présence de comportements compensatoires. Les résultats de l’étude indiquent la pertinence d’évaluer plus systématiquement le degré d’alexithymie chez les personnes qui consultent pour des difficultés alimentaires et d’agir sur celle-ci.
L’estime de soi explicite et implicite chez des femmes souffrant de troubles des conduites alimentaires
Authors: Bégin Catherine , Boucher Katrine , St-Laurent Audrey , Heppell Jenny-Lee , Ratté Carole
Published: June 2017

Cette étude vise l’approfondissement du lien entre l’estime de soi explicite et implicite, l’estime corporelle et les attitudes alimentaires en comparant 58 femmes atteintes de troubles des conduites alimentaires (TCA) à 54 femmes ayant un trouble anxieux et 96 femmes provenant d’un groupe contrôle. Les résultats montrent que le groupe TCA rapporte davantage d’attitudes alimentaires dysfonctionnelles et d’insatisfaction corporelle. Il présente l’estime de soi explicite et implicite les plus faibles. Chez les TCA, bien que l’estime de soi explicite s’avère le meilleur prédicteur des construits à l’étude, l’estime de soi implicite ajoute une contribution indépendante signifiant l’importance de s’y attarder.
RÉFLEXIONS SUR LA PRISE EN CHARGE PSYCHOTHÉRAPEUTIQUE D’ADOLESCENTES ATTEINTES D’ANOREXIE MENTALE
Authors: Meilleur Dominique
Published: June 2017

L’anorexie mentale est un trouble de la conduite alimentaire qui débute fréquemment à l’adolescence. Plusieurs chercheurs et cliniciens reconnaissent les défis qu’elle pose lors de la prise en charge psychothérapeutique. La psychothérapie individuelle demeure une modalité privilégiée pour intervenir auprès des adolescents qui en souffrent. L’objectif de cet article est d’aborder différents aspects liés à l’évaluation et l’intervention psychologiques auprès des adolescentes atteintes d’anorexie mentale. L’article revoit les critères diagnostiques de l’anorexie, les facteurs potentiellement associés au développement ou au maintien du trouble, les répercussions sur la santé de l’adolescente et les points importants à évaluer. La place des parents et les enjeux reliés à l’alliance et au cadre thérapeutiques sont discutés ainsi que quelques principes directeurs pouvant guider l’intervention.
Recherches sur l’homoparentalité. Une invitation à la prudence
Authors: Tessier Georges-André
Published: June 2017

Cet article décrit certaines dérogations aux règles de rigueur scientifique qui surviennent lors de la rédaction de communications savantes sur l'homoparentalité. Il discute de la survenue de ces dérogations dans le contexte d'une controverse idéologique-politique et des problèmes éthiques qu'elles impliquent.
LE FONCTIONNEMENT RÉFLEXIF MATERNEL ET LES SYMPTÔMES INTÉRIORISÉS ET EXTÉRIORISÉS D’ENFANTS VICTIMES D’UNE AGRESSION SEXUELLE
Authors: Ensink Karin , Bégin Michaël , Normandin Lina , Biberdzic Marko , Vohl Geneviève , Fonagy Peter
Published: June 2017

Cette étude avait pour objectifs d’évaluer les liens entre les agressions sexuelles en enfance (ASE), le fonctionnement réflexif maternel (FRM) et les difficultés psychosociales chez les enfants ainsi que le rôle modérateur du FRM dans la relation entre l’ASE et les difficultés chez les enfants. L’échantillon incluait 154 mères, dont 64 mères d’un enfant ayant vécu une ASE. Le Parent Development Interview-Revised et le Child Behavior Checklist ont permis de mesurer le FRM et les difficultés psychosociales respectivement. Une analyse acheminatoire montre que seul le FRM était significativement associé aux comportements intériorisés et extériorisés, et qu’il jouait un rôle modérateur dans la relation entre l’ASE et les difficultés intériorisées, suggérant un effet protecteur du FRM suite à une ASE.
Dietary and cardio-metabolic risk factors in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: cross-sectional study
Authors: Stelmach-Mardas Marta , Mardas Marcin , Iqbal Khalid , Kostrzewska Magdalena , Piorunek Tomasz
Published: June 2017

Background

Little is known about the role of dietary intake in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which could prove important in improving clinical outcomes for people with obesity and/or cardiovascular disease within these populations. Reduction in energy intake typically results in weight loss, markedly improving metabolic parameters and ameliorating OSA severity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of dietary and cardio-metabolic risk factors with OSA severity.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 75 volunteers at risk of OSA were recruited from 153 patients suffering from sleep disturbance at the Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Oncology at the Poznan University of Medical Sciences. Polysomnography was used for OSA diagnosis. Sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Blood pressure, parameters of glucose (fasting glucose, glucose tolerance test) and lipid metabolism (TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG) were assessed using routine enzymatic methods. Dietary intake was evaluated by 24-hr dietary recalls and Food Frequency Questionnaire. Ordinal logistic regression models were used for association of background characteristics and dietary intake with OSA severity. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking and alcohol intake.

Results

A higher percentage of smokers were observed in patients with mild OSA, while alcohol intake was the highest in severe OSA patients. Approximately 60% of the studied patients were self-reported poor sleepers. Results from ordinal logistic regression models showed that higher intakes of alcohol intake were associated with increased odds of severe OSA; whereas higher HDL-C levels were associated with lower odds (OR 0.01; 95% CI [0.0003–0.55]). Significantly higher odds of high OSA severity were observed in patients with disturbed sleep stages and obstructive sleep apnea. Moreover, the investigation of nutrient intake in relation to OSA severity showed that a higher intake of dietary fiber was associated with decreased OSA severity (OR 0.84; 95% CI [0.71–0.98]).

Conclusions

The severity of OSA is related to higher alcohol consumption and disturbed sleep. The significantly lower dietary fiber intake in patients with severe OSA is of particular importance for dietary consulting in clinical practice, which may positively influence cardiometabolic outcomes.
Chiral Responsive Liquid Quantum Dots
Authors: Zhang Jin , Ma Junkai , Shi Fangdan , Tian Demei , Li Haibing
Published: June 2017

How to convert the weak chiral‐interaction into the macroscopic properties of materials remains a huge challenge. Here, this study develops highly fluorescent, selectively chiral‐responsive liquid quantum dots (liquid QDs) based on the hydrophobic interaction between the chiral chains and the oleic acid‐stabilized QDs, which have been designated as (S)‐1810‐QDs. The fluorescence spectrum and liquidity of thermal control demonstrate the fluorescence properties and the fluidic behavior of (S)‐1810‐QDs in the solvent‐free state. Especially, (S)‐1810‐QDs exhibit a highly chiral‐selective response toward (1R, 2S)‐2‐amino‐1,2‐diphenyl ethanol. It is anticipated that this study will facilitate the construction of smart chiral fluidic sensors. More importantly, (S)‐1810‐QDs can become an attractive material for chiral separation.
Highly Stretchable, Shape Memory Organohydrogels Using Phase‐Transition Microinclusions
Authors: Zhao Ziguang , Zhang Kangjun , Liu Yuxia , Zhou Jiajia , Liu Mingjie
Published: June 2017

Shape memory effect in polymer materials has attracted considerable attention due to its promising applications in a variety of fields. However, shape memory polymers prepared by conventional strategy suffer from a common problem, in which high strain capacity and excellent shape memory behavior cannot be simultaneously achieved. This study reports a general and synergistic strategy to fabricate high‐strain and tough shape memory organohydrogels that feature binary cooperative phase. The phase‐ transition micro‐organogels and elastic hydrogel framework act synergistically to provide excellent thermomechanical performance and shape memory effect. During shape memory process, the organohydrogels exhibit high strain capacity, featuring fully recoverable stretching deformation by up to 2600% and compression by up to 85% beneath a load ≈20 times the organohydrogel's weight. Furthermore, owing to the micro‐organogel and hydrogel heterostructures, the interfacial tension derived from heterophases dominates the shape recovery of the organohydrogel material. Simple processing and smart surface patterning of the shape memory behavior and multiple shape memory effects can also be realized. Meanwhile, these organohydrogels are also nonswellable in water and oil, which is important for multimedia applications.
Rational Design of Na(Li1/3Mn2/3)O2 Operated by Anionic Redox Reactions for Advanced Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Duho , Cho Maenghyo , Cho Kyeongjae
Published: June 2017

In an effort to develop high‐energy‐density cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), low‐cost, high capacity Na(Li1/3Mn2/3)O2 is discovered, which utilizes the labile O 2p‐electron for charge compensation during the intercalation process, inspired by Li2MnO3 redox reactions. Na(Li1/3Mn2/3)O2 is systematically designed by first‐principles calculations considering the Li/Na mixing enthalpy based on the site preference of Na in the Li sites of Li2MnO3. Using the anionic redox reaction (O2−/O−), this Mn‐oxide is predicted to show high redox potentials (≈4.2 V vs Na/Na+) with high charge capacity (190 mAh g−1). Predicted cathode performance is validated by experimental synthesis, characterization, and cyclic performance studies. Through a fundamental understanding of the redox reaction mechanism in Li2MnO3, Na(Li1/3Mn2/3)O2 is designed as an example of a new class of promising cathode materials, Na(Li1/3M2/3)O2 (M: transition metals featuring stabilized M4+), for further advances in SIBs.
Arylation of Azaarylmethylamines with Aryl Chlorides and a NiBr2/NIXANTPHOS‐based Catalyst
Authors: Gao Gui , Fu Yue , Li Minyan , Wang Bo , Zheng Bing , Hou Shicong , Walsh Patrick J.
Published: June 2017

A nickel‐catalyzed coupling of azaarylmethylamines with aryl chlorides has been achieved. NIXANTPHOS together with low cost NiBr2 was successfully developed and optimized to exhibit high reactivity at 2.5 mol % loading. Under optimized reaction conditions, aryl(azaaryl)methylamine products were afforded in good to excellent yields (22 examples, up to 98% yield).

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Integrated Configuration Design for Ultrafast Rechargeable Dual‐Ion Battery
Authors: Jiang Chunlei , Fang Yue , Lang Jihui , Tang Yongbing
Published: June 2017

In this work, an integrated dual‐ion battery design is reported with active materials, current collectors, and separator, assembled in one flexible component. An aluminum film is deposited directly onto one side of the 3D porous glass fiber separator to form a porous anode. Cathode active materials are loaded on the other side of the separator with aluminum film deposited on the top as current collector. This design demonstrates ultrafast charge/discharge rate up to 120 C while maintaining high capacity of 116.1 mA h g−1. Moreover, long‐term stability of over 1500 cycles at a high rate of 60 C is achieved. The estimated energy density remains as high as 232.6 W h kg−1 at an ultrahigh power density of 22634.5 W kg−1.
Polyesters Containing Chiral Imidazolidinone Salts in Polymer Main Chain: Heterogeneous Organocatalysts for the Asymmetric Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Haraguchi Naoki , Nguyen Thanh Liem , Itsuno Shinichi
Published: June 2017

Novel main‐chain polyesters functionalized with chiral imidazolidinone salts were successfully synthesized. Polycondensation of a chiral imidazolidinone dimer bearing two hydroxyphenyl groups with selected achiral dicarboxylic acid chlorides followed by the addition of an acid afforded polyesters with chiral imidazolidinone salts incorporated into the polymer main chain. Main‐chain ionic polyesters functionalized with chiral imidazolidinone salts in the polymer main chain were synthesized by the neutralization polymerization of a chiral imidazolidinone dimer with selected aromatic disulfonic acids. These polyesters were used as heterogeneous organocatalysts in the asymmetric Diels–Alder reaction of trans‐cinnamaldehyde and 1,3‐cyclopentadiene. By optimizing the polymer main‐chain structure, enantioselectivity of up to 97 % was achieved, which is higher than that attained using the corresponding monomeric and dimeric chiral imidazolidinone salts. These heterogeneous organocatalysts were easily recovered from the reaction mixture and reused several times without significant loss of the enantioselectivity.
Nanoelectrical and Nanoelectrochemical Imaging of Pt/p‐Si and Pt/p+‐Si Electrodes
Authors: Jiang Jingjing , Huang Zhuangqun , Xiang Chengxiang , Poddar Rakesh , Lewerenz Hans‐Joachim , Papadantonakis Kimberly M. , Lewis Nathan S. , Brunschwig Bruce S.
Published: June 2017

The interfacial properties of electrolessly deposited Pt nanoparticles (Pt‐NPs) on p‐Si and p+‐Si electrodes were investigated on the nanometer scale using a combination of scanning probe methods. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed highly dispersed Pt‐NPs with diameters of 20–150 nm on the Si surface. Conductive AFM measurements showed that only approximately half of the particles exhibited measurable contact currents, with a factor of 103 difference in current observed between particles at a given bias. Local current–voltage measurements revealed a rectifying junction with a resistance ≥10 MΩ at the Pt‐NP/p‐Si interface, whereas the Pt‐NP/p+‐Si samples formed an ohmic junction with a local resistance ≥1 MΩ. The particles were strongly attached to the sample surface in air. However, in an electrolyte, the adhesion of the particles to the surface was substantially lower, and most of the particles had tip‐contact currents that varied by a factor of approximately 10. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) showed smaller but more uniform electrochemical currents for the particles relative to the currents observed by conductive AFM. In accord with the conductive AFM measurements, the SECM measurements showed conductance through the substrate for only a minority of the particles. These results suggest that the electrochemical performance of the electrolessly deposited Pt nanoparticles on Si can be ascribed to: 1) The high resistance of the contact between the particles and the substrate, 2) the low (<50 %) fraction of particles that support high currents, and 3) the low adhesion of the particles to the surface when in contact with the electrolyte.
Coastal habitat and biological community response to dam removal on the Elwha River
Authors: Foley Melissa M. , Warrick Jonathan A. , Ritchie Andrew , Stevens Andrew W. , Shafroth Patrick B. , Duda Jeffrey J. , Beirne Matthew M. , Paradis Rebecca , Gelfenbaum Guy , McCoy Randall , Cubley Erin S.
Published: June 2017

Habitat diversity and heterogeneity play a fundamental role in structuring ecological communities. Dam emplacement and removal can fundamentally alter habitat characteristics, which, in turn, can affect associated biological communities. Beginning in the early 1900s, the Elwha and Glines Canyon dams in Washington, USA, withheld an estimated 30 million Mg of sediment from river, coastal, and nearshore habitats. During the staged removal of these dams, the largest dam removal project in history, over 14 million Mg of sediment were released from the former reservoirs. Our interdisciplinary study in coastal habitats, the first of its kind, shows how the physical changes to the river delta and estuary habitats during dam removal were linked to responses in biological communities. Sediment released during dam removal resulted in over a meter of sedimentation in the estuary and over 400 m of expansion of the river mouth delta landform. These changes increased the amount of supratidal and intertidal habitat, but also reduced the influx of seawater into the pre‐removal estuary complex. The effects of these geomorphic and hydrologic changes cascaded to biological systems, reducing the abundance of macroinvertebrates and fish in the estuary and shifting community composition from brackish to freshwater‐dominated species. Vegetation did not significantly change on the delta, but pioneer vegetation increased during dam removal, coinciding with the addition of newly available habitat. Understanding how coastal habitats respond to large‐scale human stressors, and in some cases the removal of those stressors, is increasingly important as human uses and restoration activities increase in these habitats.
Weak‐instrument robust inference for two‐sample instrumental variables regression
Authors: Choi Jaerim , Gu Jiaying , Shen Shu
Published: June 2017

Instrumental variable (IV) methods for regression are well established. More recently, methods have been developed for statistical inference when the instruments are weakly correlated with the endogenous regressor, so that estimators are biased and no longer asymptotically normally distributed. This paper extends such inference to the case where two separate samples are used to implement instrumental variables estimation. We also relax the restrictive assumptions of homoskedastic error structure and equal moments of exogenous covariates across two samples commonly employed in the two‐sample IV literature for strong IV inference. Monte Carlo experiments show good size properties of the proposed tests regardless of the strength of the instruments. We apply the proposed methods to two seminal empirical studies that adopt the two‐sample IV framework.