bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medical Doctors in Health Reforms
Authors: Denis Jean-Louis , Germain Sabrina , Régis Catherine , Veronesi Gianluca
Published: September 2022

Medical doctors play a crucial role in the allocation and use of resources in health care systems. They shape capacities to renew policy orientations and innovate models of care. However, little attention has been paid to their specific role in health reforms. This book explores this aspect by looking at the role of the medical profession in health reforms in two mature welfare states with publicly-funded healthcare systems (PFHS): Canada and England. Specifically, the book investigates the multifaceted and paradoxical situation where a dominant profession – medicine – faces increasing pressures to become an active player and an ally in major policy efforts and system-wide reforms driven by governments. The conceptual underpinning of this work builds on the contribution of various areas of studies, namely the sociology of professions, studies on professions and organisations and law. The analysis investigates reformative processes from the inception of both PFHS and identifies the role of the medical profession in policy formulation. The focus is predominantly on the role of organised medicine (unions, professional associations and colleges) with their political struggles to promote and advance medical values and interests in a context where governments aim to transform health care systems. Empirically, the book builds on a socio-historical and institutional narrative of health care reforms and on the role played by the medical profession in both countries. The book offers insights into the government's ability to drive change in the health care system and to engage medical doctors as partners in health reforms.
Provisioning in times of crisis
Authors: Jupp Eleanor
Published: September 2022

This chapter discusses the politics of everyday life, particularly local action, domestic life, care, austerity, and provisioning in times of crisis. If austerity is regarded as slow violence or crisis ordinary, the 2020 global COVID-19 pandemic was considered to be a more visible and immediate crisis as it affected almost every sphere of human life and interaction. The chapter notes the complexity of defining home space as communities continued to be put on lockdown. Additionally, social and governmental networks and spaces of care were shut down amidst the pandemic. Over time, care strengthened neighbourly connections that would provide everyday support between households.
The demand for and trends in flexible working
Authors: Chung Heejung
Published: September 2022

This chapter examines the definition and the growing demands for flexible working. It additionally presents how governments have responded to the demands for more flexible working. This is done by examining some of the most recent legislative changes increasing workers’ right to work flexibly implemented across the world. Following this, some empirical data showing the trends in the provision and access to flexible working is provided using cross-national European data sets, accompanied by data from the US. Based on this, what we see is that the demand for and provision of flexible working is growing when we look at developments in national legislation and company-level data. However, there is no clear evidence showing real growth in workers’ access to flexible working when we examine data from the past couple of decades before the COVID-19 pandemic.
The flexibility paradox: why more freedom at work leads to more work
Authors: Chung Heejung
Published: September 2022

This chapter provides the theoretical underpinning of the flexibility paradox and the resulting self-exploitation. This chapter first summarises the ideas of previous scholars– for example the theories of social exchange, enforced intensification, and enabled intensification, entreployee, entrepreneurial self, and the theory of autonomy-control paradox. This chapter draws from Foucault’s theories of homo-economicus and the subjectification of self to provide a broader framework of understanding the flexibility paradox. More specifically, it argues that we now live in a society where all interactions takes form of economic exchanges, where workers internalise these ideas of capitalism. In this context, “freedom” over one’s work is more likely to lead to workers working longer and harder, because the failure to do so will only result in the worker themselves bearing the associated risk of income insecurity, unemployment or loss of position within the organisation/labour market. This chapter also examines whether this phenomenon in on the rise especially with the millennial (and zennial) generation, who have been born into the world of gig-economy and the demise of the collective. Finally, the chapter explore some of the key indicators of such societal change by exploring the idea and data around work-centrality and passion at work.
The importance of contexts
Authors: Chung Heejung
Published: September 2022

This chapter aims to overcome the bleak pictures drawn in the previous chapters to argue that the flexibility paradox need not happen if we change the context in which it is used. In this chapter, we examine contexts such as cultural norms around work, work-life balance and gender roles, national level family policies, workers’ bargaining powers, insecurity, and the prevalence of flexible working. It summarises studies, including my own, that explores how contexts shape flexible working practices in terms of how widespread flexible working arrangements are in a country, how it is stigmatised, and the extent to which the flexibility paradox occurs. The studies show that contexts matter - normative views around work, work-life balance and gender roles - which is shaped by national level family policies and workers’ bargaining powers - can shift workers’ access to flexible working and the prevalence of stigmatised views against flexible workers. This then helps shape the outcomes of flexible working to be one that is more positive, potentially eliminating the flexibility paradox.
Analysing the Trust-Transparency Nexus
Authors: Stafford Ian , Cole Alistair , Heinz Dominic
Published: September 2022

Is transparency a necessary condition to build and restore citizen and civil society trust in governance and democracy? Throughout Europe, there is a growing demand for effective forms of citizen engagement and decentralisation in policy-making to increase trust and engage increasingly diverse populations. This volume addresses the relationship between trust and transparency in the context of multi-level governance. Drawing on fieldwork from the UK, France and Germany, the book examines different efforts to build trust between key actors involved in decision-making at the sub-national level. It outlines the challenges of delivering this agenda and explores the paradox that trust might require transparency, yet in some instances transparency may undermine trust.
Introduction
Authors: Stafford Ian , Cole Alistair , Heinz Dominic
Published: September 2022

This chapter starts with the decline of trust found in contemporary academic literature and media. It notes how distrust became cliché in the lives of people. The coronavirus pandemic has reignited the attention on the importance of trust. Numerous policy responses to the pandemic were framed under the context of trust. Thus, the decline of trust has been identified as a fundamental threat to democracy. The dimensions of multi-level governance raised issues on building trust in line with networked governance and the varying capacity of governance to retain and build trust. The chapter highlights its research design under the context of transparency as a necessary condition to build trust.
Building trust in an age of transparency
Authors: Stafford Ian , Cole Alistair , Heinz Dominic
Published: September 2022

This chapter looks into the debates on the concept of trust amidst the age of transparency. Trust refers to the analysis of the relationship between a subject and an object depending on the classifications such as interpersonal, social, and collective. Additionally, characteristic-based trust is reinforced by social similarities like ethnicity or gender. Traditionally, the crisis of trust is linked to state-centred perspectives and survey-based analyses of public attitudes to formal political institutions. The chapter also notes ability, benevolence, and integrity as the key elements of perceived trustworthiness. Moreover, it lists vulnerability, confidence, and transparency as concepts mostly correlated with trust.
Conclusion: reflections on the trust–transparency nexus
Authors: Stafford Ian , Cole Alistair , Heinz Dominic
Published: September 2022

This chapter expounds on the concept of trust–transparency nexus in line with case studies in France, Germany, and the UK. Moreover, competence, benevolence, and integrity are regarded as different dimensions of trust. Transparency plays a large role in building and maintaining trust between civil society actors at the subnational level of governance. A degree of confidentiality was often identified as essential for collaboration and decision-making. The restricting of governance also affected building trust in the state. The chapter also mentions how the COVID-19 pandemic reignited the attention on the significance of trust in line with the compliance to lockdown measures.
Using Mass Observation as a source of qualitative secondary data for interdisciplinary longitudinal research on voluntary action
Authors: Lindsey Rose
Published: September 2022

This book chapter discusses the challenges of designing a longitudinal, mixed-methods research study on voluntary action, using Mass Observation (MO) material as a source of qualitative secondary data; and the anticipated challenges involved in carrying out this research. It draws on six years of interdisciplinary work on several longitudinal and cross-sectional research studies on voluntary action that have used both iterations of the MO Project (1937-1955; and 1981 to present day). It focusses on three key issues: the extent to which the MO panels are representative; the changing nature of MO writers’ contributions over time and; reflections on how qualitative secondary data analysis always involves the creation of new data.
Researching risk in the voluntary sector: the challenges and opportunities of regulatory data
Authors: McDonnell Diarmuid , Rutherford Alasdair C.
Published: September 2022

The behaviour of voluntary organisations, and their willingness to be accountable, is a pressing policy issue in the UK and beyond. Understanding the nature, extent and impact of risk in the voluntary sector is therefore of considerable importance for the field, sector, public and policy makers. This chapter reflects on the methodological implications and challenges associated with researching risk in the voluntary sector. In particular it describes the process of collecting, cleaning and analysing the large-scale, often complex administrative data held by regulators that are necessary to study this topic. Drawing on numerous examples from a multi-year programme of research on the UK charity sector, it outlines the important insights that can be generated through quantitative and quasi-experimental research designs, highlights resources that researchers can use to study this topic, and concludes with a consideration of the emerging substantive and methodological trends in this area of inquiry.
Spatial approaches to the voluntary sector
Authors: Bowles James
Published: September 2022

This chapter offers methodological reflections on developing a spatial approach to understanding the UK’s voluntary sector. Drawing on research methods literature in adjacent fields, such as business and management and public health, a loose framework for using geographic data and geographic information systems (GIS) in mixed-methods voluntary sector research is proposed, while distinguishing the framework for voluntary sector use from neighbouring fields. Examples from the sector itself of how a spatial approach and geospatial data aid in the completion of organisational aims such as resource allocation, monitoring of impact and engaging with service users are presented and reflections on undertaking organisational research with a particular focus on geospatial data are given. The chapter concludes by presenting insight into cutting-edge developments and future directions of spatial approaches and geospatial data, and their applicability for voluntary sector researchers and practitioners.
Social and structural issues in recovery among migrants and ethnic minorities: an exploration of cultural competence and individual recovery perspectives
Authors: De Kock Charlotte , Pouille Aline
Published: September 2022

This chapter looks at two distinct evidence reviews to critically explore resources that may hinder or support the recovery process of persons who identify as migrants and ethnic minorities (MEM). This includes a critical literature review of the concept and implementation of cultural competence and a narrative review of recovery capital through the first-person recovery perspectives of a number of migrant people and people from ethnic minorities. The resultant analysis signals the importance of considering social and structural determinants and resources in supporting stable recovery among MEM both in theory (epidemiology, cultural competence, and recovery capital) and practice. The chapter highlights that comprehensive substance use treatment for MEM is sensitive to the structural disparities many MEM are exposed to, in addition to social, minority-, ethnicity-, and culture-related issues. Moreover, critical consideration of supports outside the individual, dominant treatment cultures and provider structural competence is key in reaching stable recovery.
When long-term recovery isn’t an option: people at the end of life
Authors: Wright Sam , Yarwood Gemma
Published: September 2022

This chapter assesses how useful the concept of long-term recovery is for people with chronic health problems (especially those approaching the end of their lives). Drawing on lessons from palliative care, the chapter argues that substance-use policy, commissioning, and practice could become more inclusive by prioritising quality of life and the physical/mental well-being of people using substances, regardless of how close to death they are. Indeed, palliative care is both a medical speciality and a social movement that aims to improve the care of people who are dying by constantly evolving to meet each individual's changing support needs and maximising their quality of life. Ultimately, the core ideas used to develop palliative care complement current thinking about substance-use recovery. The chapter then describes how the concept of recovery could be improved by integrating palliative care approaches within it, thereby achieving a more finely tuned and dynamic balance between health and social care.
How to Fix the Welfare State
Authors: Spicker Paul
Published: September 2022

The British welfare state is traditionally understood to be comprised of five main services: health, housing, social security, education and the ‘personal social services’, such as social care and child protection. This book offers an original take on the role of the state in relation to these services, along with three other areas where institutional services have been developed: employment services, equalities and public services, such as roads, parks, libraries and rescue services. Dismissing false and misleading narratives, the book profiles the real problems that need to be addressed and offers inspiration for a better path forward. The book begins with an introduction of the welfare state. Delivering welfare is treated as fulfilling a moral obligation to protect people, and across the world, systems of health and social security are typically delivered by a combination of state, voluntary, and mutualist arrangements. The book then looks into social security, which primarily covers pensions, provision for disability, meeting housing costs, and low-income earners. It then reviews the operation of the National Health Service which has fronted continual criticisms, and preventative healthcare had not been one of the NHS's major focuses. Medical care had been heavily individualised, thus, the concept of public health is not based on arguments by conventional medical care and individualisation. The book moves onto looking at social care, education, child protection, housing, employment services, equalities and human rights, and public services. Finally, the book focuses on the condition of the welfare state. It concludes that the welfare state has a major impact on disadvantages and securing the conditions of civilisation, wellbeing, and security, while the welfare state provisions protect people's rights.
The welfare state
Authors: Spicker Paul
Published: September 2022

This chapter introduces the welfare state. Delivering welfare is treated as fulfilling a moral obligation to protect people. However, some arguments revolve around welfare services being a collective action as it is an expression of mutual responsibility or solidarity. Across the world, systems of health and social security are typically delivered by a combination of state, voluntary, and mutualist arrangements. The help of independent agencies could also help in controlling people's behaviour. Additionally, governments have been making commitments to focus on health, education, and cash support. The chapter notes how dependency became a recurring theme in the criticisms of welfare services.
Equalities and human rights
Authors: Spicker Paul
Published: September 2022

This chapter tackles the general concept of equality, especially in human rights. It defines equality in terms of individuality that looks into the status of every person, while equalities focuses more on the equal treatment of people. While it is not the only issue being addressed by equalities policy, institutional racism showcases a significant set of issues that turned into a model for responses to inequalities. Institutional racism refers to an organisation's collective failure to provide appropriate services due to people's colour, culture, or cultural origin. Thus, the roots of the current legislation are based on the laws governing discrimination on sex and race.
Occam’s Razor: Racial/Ethnic Inequality Throughout Society
Authors: Ketchum Paul R. , Peck B. Mitchell
Published: September 2022

This chapter expounds on the concept of Occam's razor, which involves the racial or ethnic inequalities across society. It looks into the opposing explanations for disproportionate minority contact (DMC). The first argument revolves around how DMC merely reflects the higher rate of criminality among non-Whites, while the other argument focused on the differential treatment of non-White people in numerous areas of society, such as the juvenile justice system. Historically, non-Whites have been blamed for their social problems. The chapter provides examples of how Black drivers are less likely to break laws. It also includes the statistics on using force against Black people.
Introduction
Authors: Jonathan S. Davies , Blanco Ismael , Bua Adrian , Chorianopoulos Ioannis , Cortina-Oriol Mercè , Feandeiro Andrés , Gaynor Niamh , Gleeson Brendan , Griggs Steven , Hamel Pierre , Henderson Hayley , Howarth David , Keil Roger , Pill Madeleine , Salazar Yunailis , Sullivan Helen
Published: September 2022

The introductory chapter explains the nature of the research, the reasons for focusing on the theme of collaboration, and introduces the concept of austerity. It introduces the eight cities of Athens, Baltimore, Barcelona, Dublin, Greater Dandenong (Melbourne), Leicester, Montreal and Nantes and explains the book structure.
Conclusion
Authors: Jonathan S. Davies , Blanco Ismael , Bua Adrian , Chorianopoulos Ioannis , Cortina-Oriol Mercè , Feandeiro Andrés , Gaynor Niamh , Gleeson Brendan , Griggs Steven , Hamel Pierre , Henderson Hayley , Howarth David , Keil Roger , Pill Madeleine , Salazar Yunailis , Sullivan Helen
Published: September 2022

The research shows that in some ways, the age of austerity vindicated critiques of “collaborative governance” as a medium of governmental control or “responsibilisation”. State-driven collaboration in the face of harsh austerity proved to be gestural, shallow and transient or reinforced the power of elites. However, in the wider sense of “who does politics with whom”, the concept of collaborative governance remains valuable for thinking about how to work against and build alternatives to austerity. In concluding, we therefore seek to draw positive messages about collaboration for those aiming to resist or otherwise overcome austerit
Afterword: From Austerity to COVID-19 and Beyond
Authors: Jonathan S. Davies , Blanco Ismael , Bua Adrian , Chorianopoulos Ioannis , Cortina-Oriol Mercè , Feandeiro Andrés , Gaynor Niamh , Gleeson Brendan , Griggs Steven , Hamel Pierre , Henderson Hayley , Howarth David , Keil Roger , Pill Madeleine , Salazar Yunailis , Sullivan Helen
Published: September 2022

Our research concluded some time before the outbreak of COVID-19, but we suggest that many of the insights drawn from it, about austerity and collaboration, will be useful in considering ways forward from the pandemic. In the first instance, it seems clear that austerity made COVID-19 an iniquitous disease, with cities and urban peripheries the heart of both contagion and suffering. The disease has unsurprisingly had a multitude of impacts on our cities, often linked to austerity. We therefore conclude further with Afterwords from the eight, including reflections on events since the end of the research, impacts of COVID-19 and possible signs that it might be possible to “build back better”.
Work in Professional Service Organizations
Authors: Alvehus Johan
Published: September 2022

This chapter tries to address question such as: How can professionals perform so badly when they are supposed to be so good, so professional? It explores the practices that maintain and uphold what is often called the logic of professionalism. The chapter seeks to analyse, in detail, the way in which the logic of professionalism is maintained in professional service organizations. It then shifts to focus on professional service work, and the work of managing professional service work. The chapter introduces the idea of professionalism in the context of what is commonly referred to as the knowledge society. It expands on the concept of professional service work, opening up for a problematization of the four different topics: work and ambiguity, control, leadership, and hybridity.
Professionalism from an Institutional Logics View
Authors: Alvehus Johan
Published: September 2022

This chapter introduces a few theoretical terms and points out some caveats with these terms that are perhaps not always apparent. It takes the form of a discussion between concepts around professions and professionalism, and the abstract theory of institutional logics. The chapter begins by discussing the term ‘profession’, and recognizes a need for a more detailed way of discussing the characteristics of professionalism. In order to develop this, the chapter looks at the theory of institutional logics, drawing on Freidson's framework, to set the stage for a more distinct discussion of professionalism and its relation to markets and bureaucracy. It then turns to discussing professional service organization. The chapter outlines these theoretical influences in what the author chosen to call a ‘Janusian’ view on institutional logics.
Control, and Control over Control
Authors: Alvehus Johan
Published: September 2022

This chapter draws attention to some examples of formal control mechanisms in professional service organizations. It mainly focuses on two main dimensions of control: control over workers (here in terms of recruitment and career development), and control over work (here in terms of time and billable hours on the one hand, and quality and work processes on the other). The chapter first discusses an initial point regarding terminology about bureaucracy, then addresses recruitment and career — noting that identity is a key theme. The chapter moves on to elaborate on formal control systems in terms of how careers tie into up-or-out systems. It then takes a closer look at the phenomenon of measuring time in terms of billable hours, and picks up on an aspect of formalization in terms of quality control systems and the role descriptions of work processes play. Finally, the chapter delves into professional stratification and explicates the role that division of labour within a profession plays in such transformations. It also considers how professionals often — not always — are able to take control over control systems.
Superficial Hybridity
Authors: Alvehus Johan
Published: September 2022

This chapter looks at the notion of the ‘hybrid organization’. Today, due to the observation that many professional service organizations operate in complex institutional environments, it is often claimed that they are becoming hybrid organizations that in different ways try to reconcile conflicting institutional logics. The chapter first examines what this whole notion of hybridity means, and how it has been dealt with in theorizing. It discusses three dominant hypotheses on how hybridity plays out in organizations: the degradation hypothesis, the harmony hypothesis, and the loose couplings hypothesis. The chapter then analyses the notion of hybridity more fundamentally, and suggests a fourth hypothesis with which to understand hybridity: superficial hybridity. The chapter concludes by indicating that conflicts between institutional logics should primarily be understood in terms of redundancy.
Criminal Women
Authors: Grace Sharon , O'Neill Maggie , Walker Tammi , King Hannah , Baldwin Lucy , Jobe Alison , Lynch Orla , Measham Fiona , O'Brien Kate , Seaman Vicky
Published: September 2022

Accounts of female offenders’ journeys into the criminal justice system are often silenced or marginalized. Featuring a Foreword from Pat Carlen and inspired by her seminal book ‘Criminal Women’, this collection uses participatory, inclusive and narrative methodologies to highlight the lived experiences of women involved with the criminal justice system. It presents studies focused on drug use and supply, sex work, sexual exploitation and experiences of imprisonment. Bringing together cutting-edge feminist research, this book exposes the intersecting oppressions and social control often central to women’s experiences of the justice system and offers invaluable insights for developing penal policies that account for the needs of women.
Hearing the Voices of Women Involved in Drugs and Crime
Authors: Grace Sharon
Published: September 2022

Chapter 1 by Sharon Grace focuses on the stories of 16 women engaged in drug recovery in two UK women’s prisons. It explores their journeys into drug use and crime, their experience of addiction and its associated problems and losses, the impact on their relationships, and on their mental and physical health. The women’s need for help and support is explored with a focus on their own priorities for and views on their personal recovery, their plans for the future and the barriers they face in realising those plans.
Criminal Mothers: The Persisting Pains of Maternal Imprisonment
Authors: Baldwin Lucy , Elwood Mary , Brown Cassie
Published: September 2022

The pain of maternal imprisonment is the focus of Chapter 5 by Lucy Baldwin, with Mary Elwood and Cassie Brown. Maternal imprisonment is a research area that has garnered interest in the twenty-first century, however much of the focus relates to the impact on the child due to separation by maternal imprisonment. What is less well documented, particularly in the mother’s own voice, is the impact prison has on women as mothers, relating to their maternal identity, their self- worth, their maternal role and their journey ‘back to good mothering’ or ‘normality’. Through the narratives of post-prison mothers, the authors explore the pains associated with maternal imprisonment, but significantly also reveal much about their struggle in relation to reintegration into their families once released, and the longer-term impact of having been an imprisoned mother.
Ties that Bind: Slavery and Colonialism
Authors: Givens Terri E.
Published: September 2022

American and European countries have been reckoning with their pasts of slavery and genocide. Formal apologies have been made for the treatment of indigenous peoples, Africans and others who were murdered, killed by disease, enslaved and pushed off of their land in the name of capitalism and empire. In this chapter, I examine colonialism and slavery as the beginnings of the bonds that would tie together the United States (and to some extent, Canada) and Europe in developing a long-lasting approach to the world that would create a divide between “Whites” and others. These ideas are still impacting the policies and discrimination faced by these groups today as they have tried to find their place in these societies.
Elections, Protest, and Insurrection
Authors: Givens Terri E.
Published: September 2022

The murder of George Floyd, along with the COVID-19 pandemic, punctuated a time period from 2015 to 2021 that has seen a series of protests related to police violence. This has also been a time when election outcomes were impacted by issues of immigration and race. The far-right resurgence has continued and grown more serious as politicians like Marine Le Pen continue to grow in influence and support. Ongoing inflows of refugees and asylum seekers in the US and Europe has been the focus of attention, while police violence has touched of a global wave of activism that rivals the late 1960s in scope and intensity. Overshadowing all of the politics and protest, the global COVID-19 pandemic laid bare inequality both inside of countries like the US, UK and France, as well as between developed and developing countries. The combination of events as we enter the 2020s has reinforced the fact that race still plays a role in politics and society across the Atlantic.
Gangs, Drugs and Youth Adversity
Authors: Deuchar Ross , McLean Robert , Holligan Chris
Published: September 2022

In Glasgow, street gangs have existed for decades, with knife crime becoming a defining feature. More than a decade on from the author's original fieldwork, this book explores the transitional experiences of some of the young men the author worked with, as well as the experiences of today's young people and the practitioners who work to support them. The book begins with a critical examination of recent statistical trends relating to violent criminality and offensive weapon-handling in Scotland, and it provides a brief history of street gangs in Glasgow. It moves on to discuss how knife crime has traditionally been a defining feature of street gangs in Glasgow and of street-oriented violence governed by expectations around masculine honour. It also explores insights into the recorded motivations for knife-carrying and gang violence among young people. The book discusses how a public health approach to violence prevention has been put in place in Scotland over the last 10–15 years and highlights the voices of teenagers and young people, considering the difficulties they face today. Through empirical data, policy analysis, and contemporary insights, the book explores the evolving nature of gangs, and the contemporary challenges affecting young people including drug distribution, football-related bigotry, and the mental health repercussions emerging from social media.
Violence and Gang Evolution: Scottish Perspectives
Authors: Deuchar Ross , McLean Robert , Holligan Chris , Densley James A.
Published: September 2022

This chapter critically examines recent statistical trends relating to the general issues of violent criminality and offensive weapon-handling in Scotland. It begins by providing a brief history of street gangs in Scotland's largest city, Glasgow, from their roots in sectarian rivalry to the territorial and recreational focus adopted in the post-industrial era. The chapter then discusses how knife crime has traditionally been a defining feature of street gangs in Glasgow and of street-oriented violence governed by expectations around masculine honour. It also explores insights into the recorded motivations for knife-carrying and gang violence among young people, drawing from previous research as well as the emerging evidence suggesting that gangs may have evolved in the west of Scotland. Finally, the chapter outlines the methodological approaches for this book's study, detailing the sampling methods, access arrangements, geographical locations, ethical protocols, and data analysis methods used.
Introduction: Towards Freedom, Empowerment, and Agency: An Introduction to Queering Criminology in Theory and Praxis: Reimagining Justice in the Criminal Legal System and Beyond
Authors: Buist Carrie L. , Semprevivo Lindsay Kahle
Published: September 2022

In this introduction, the editors discuss queer criminology, it’s definitions and applications as well as it’s interdisciplinary importance. The chapter continues by highlighting the need to recognize the impact of structure and agency on individuals and groups and how this in turn affects freedom, empowerment, activism and compassion
Queer Pathways
Authors: Winters Michael K.
Published: September 2022

As critical criminology has turned toward the study of differential pathways to offending, the need to study the contextual differences between men and women’s offending has become increasingly apparent. Likewise, it is evident that there is a need to study the circumstances and experiences that lead to queer offending, as it appears to be distinct from non-queer offending in a variety of ways. Compared to non-queer offenders, queer offenders are subject to different experiences that influence their criminal propensity, including family strife, difficulties at school, and exposure to violence in ways that directly link to their queer identities. For these reasons, a queer criminal pathways approach must be developed.This chapter will argue that a pathways framework is an eminent approach to queer criminology, despite its lack of use in explaining queer offending thus far. By focusing on youth offending, this chapter will demonstrate the suitability of pathways to prior research on queer criminality and how it can be developed for use in the future. This chapter outlines pathways studies finding that trauma contribute to future offending propensity. Considering that offending in queer youth is frequently associated with prior trauma – most notably, sexual victimization and homelessness, of which the queer youth population suffer disproportionately from compared to their non-queer peers – the pathways framework is a suitable approach to future studies of queer offenders.
Queerly Navigating the System: Trans* Experiences Under State Surveillance
Authors: Momen Rayna E.
Published: September 2022

Barred from equal participation in the economy and socially isolated from family and peers transgender people are often pushed into the underground economy and are targeted by citizens, authority figures and the state, increasing their chances of encountering the criminal legal system and leading to overrepresentation among the incarcerated. Oparah (2017) argues that gender nonconforming people are subject to both racialized punishment and policing of gender, or (trans)gender entrapment, as a result of the violence, poverty, and stigma that is pervasive throughout their life course. Though it is well documented that confinement in such hypergendered institutions as prisons and jails poses additional challenges for individuals who identify as anything other than cisgender or heterosexual, including experiencing higher rates of various forms of victimization (Mogul, Ritchie, and Whitlock, 2011, p. 99), less is known about how formerly incarcerated transgender people experience reentry to society (Buist & Lenning, 2016, p. 118), and particularly, how transgender people under continued state surveillance as part of post-release supervision (i.e., on parole) navigate the system in attempts to maintain compliance. This chapter aims to examine the ways in which reentry is impacted by transgender identities, and how this is compounded by the added stigma of a criminal record, particularly felony conviction.
Health Covariates of Intimate Partner Violence in a National Transgender Sample
Authors: Kurdyla Victoria , Messinger Adam M. , Guadalupe-Diaz Xavier L.
Published: September 2022

To develop more targeted IPV survivor screening protocols, service referrals, and public policies for transgender populations, a clearer understanding is needed regarding which IPV forms are most strongly predictive of which adverse health-related conditions among transgender survivors, as well as whether certain IPV forms might trigger an accumulation of adverse outcome types. Filling this key gap in the literature, the present chapter begins with a brief overview of T-IPV, including its unique tactics, prevalence, and transphobia-fuelled barriers to help-seeking. The authors of this chapter conduct secondary logistic regression analyses of the U.S. Transgender Survey (see James et al., 2016). Controlling for demographic variables, the analyses assesses the extent to which different forms of lifetime IPV victimization among transgender individuals (psychological, physical, sexual, and transgender-specific identity abuse) are each uniquely associated with a range of recent-past adverse health conditions, including poorer physical health status (as measured by self-reported general health, as well as HIV status), poorer mental health status (measured by psychological distress and suicidal ideation), and substance abuse (illicit drug use, prescription drug misuse, and binge alcohol use). In addition, this chapter examines the extent to which each IPV form among transgender individuals is associated with experiencing a greater number of adverse health conditions.
A Conspiracy
Authors: Harrell Lucilla R. , Dukes S. Page
Published: September 2022

All love is queer love; all love is illegal. Even heterosexual sex is criminalized, not normative. In this chapter, we will explore the dynamics that make prison inherently queer by narrating our personal journey. We’ll relive the hardships and tiny victories that make our queer love resilient, profound, and – by state standards – criminal. Prison itself is queer. Women’s prisons are more intersectional than any other slice of society. As queer people have been throughout history, people incarcerated are forever and uniquely othered by the stigma of deviance. We are disenfranchised and discounted, an invisible substratum. In our pre-prison lives, we were criminalized by our queerness. In prison, everyone is queered by the absence of heteronormativity. Gender becomes more fluid. Trans people are normal in prison. Even those who work there escape the constant, discerning gaze of gender assignment.
What is International Relations?
Authors: Jørgensen Knud Erik
Published: September 2022

This book demonstrates that the global community of International Relations scholars during the last 100 years have managed to create a mature and accomplished discipline. The book argues that it should be recognised as such. Seven key concepts structure the book, each concept enabling a critical examination of an important dimension of the discipline that goes beyond conventional categories and delimitations. The essay argues that rather than continue to be stuck in more of the same, it is time to move on and, in this regard, the book offers some tentative suggestions about the way forward. Concerning the discipline’s subject matter the argument is that further debates about widening vs. narrowing are unlikely to generate advances. Instead, we should focus on the guiding research questions and the tentative answer they generate. Likewise, instead of defining the discipline as a social science (for better or worse), we should acknowledge the facts that suggest the discipline has always been straddling the social sciences and the humanities and thus been a human science. The book pays serious attention to variations, not least in terms of the functions theories have across time (history) and space. It also aims at escaping the Zeitgeistian conception of diversity. Instead of regarding the discipline as an abstract discursive structure, we should acknowledge that is was created and reproduced by a community of scholars, increasingly within professional institutions. Finally, rather than go for a bland, unspecified ‘global’ or ‘international’ discipline, we should examine fruitful interactions between ‘local’ and ‘global’.
Introduction
Authors: Jørgensen Knud Erik
Published: September 2022

This chapter outlines the rationale of the book and sets the scene for the following chapters. The rationale is foremost to recognize the discipline and argue why such a recognition is high time. The book aims at functioning as a short guidebook to the history, the present and the future of the discipline. It highlights the key functions of seven essentially contested concepts–discipline, subject matter, human science, theory, diversity, community and global–each concept put to work in order to examine an important aspect the discipline and combined they contribute to structure the book.
What is Community?
Authors: Jørgensen Knud Erik
Published: September 2022

This chapter is an inquiry into the community of scholars who self-identify as IR scholars, that is, the gardeners who aim at making the growth of discipline a constant feature. They nurture the discipline and defend it against its enemies. The chapter examines the norms, values and standards of the profession, demonstrating how these change over time and across space. The chapter also examines the community’s institutions, specifically the learned societies and professional associations that increasingly span the globe and help institutionalize professional cultures and ethics.
Conclusion
Authors: Jørgensen Knud Erik
Published: September 2022

This chapter summarizes the approaches and arrivals of the book. It shows how the seven concepts help us getting under the skin of frequently mentioned but rarely advanced issues, for instance concerning subject matter or the disciplinary functions of theory. The chapter also points to some of the false dichotomies and unfruitful dilemmas (discipline versus diversity and global versus local) that for a long time have functioned as hindrances for the discipline’s innovation and advances. The chapter suggests that the community of IR scholar could turn the practice of walking in circles into corner stones of a global disciplinary platform that would be suitable for the 21st century.
Organizing Women
Authors: Guillaume Cécile
Published: September 2022

This book explores the representation of women and their interests in the world of work across four trade unions in France and Great Britain. Drawing on case studies of the careers of 100 activists and a longitudinal study of the trade unions' struggle for equal pay in Great Britain, the book unveils the social, organizational, and political conditions that contribute to the reproduction of gender inequalities or, on the contrary, allow the promotion of equality. The book's nuanced evaluation is a call to redefine the role of trade unions in the delivering of gender equality, contributing to broader debates on the effectiveness of equality policies and the enforcement of equality legislation.
Unions’ Representation of Women and Their Interests in the Workplace
Authors: Guillaume Cécile
Published: September 2022

This chapter examines the literature on gender and trade unions, and how gender has progressively been considered in the field of employment relations. In both France and Great Britain, an overview of the literature shows the clearly marginal place of women in the ‘classical’ study of industrial relations. When they are not literally left out of the analysis, women feature only as a descriptive variable, or are studied in relation to specific issues like equal pay, workplace discrimination, and sometimes organizing. Like in the political field, research on gender and trade unions initially focused on the analysis of the processes that contribute to the underrepresentation of women in unions, both at the base and, especially, at the peak. It emphasized the role of both internal and external factors, such as the characteristics of the female workforce and the domestic constraints of women members, but also the dynamics specific to gender relations within the union movement. Three main factors were involved in changing unions' attitudes towards women and workplace equality: the activism of women's groups in the workplace and in union branches; the influence of second-wave feminists; and the changes in union structures resulting from de-unionization and mergers between unions.
Experiences of Criminal Justice
Authors: Newman Daniel , Dehaghani Roxanna
Published: September 2022

When Danish immigrant and Latter-day Saint convert Andrew Jenson left his homeland as a teenager for the American West in 1866, he envisioned a better life in a land of seemingly endless economic and spiritual possibilities. Instead, the Latter-day Saint kingdom in the West, then squarely outside accepted notions of American respectability, brought new challenges. Trapped in a cycle of intermittent wage work, Jenson reimagined himself as a journalist and advocate for Latter-day Saint Scandinavians in Utah Territory. He quickly evolved into a self-made historian for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. For the next fifty years until his death in 1941, Jenson documented the church’s transition away from its insular nineteenth-century past toward a more modern future. This book chronicles the life and career of historian Andrew Jenson, a prolific writer and long-time employee of the Historian’s Office, the church’s main archive. Jenson reformed institutional record keeping, expanded the church’s primitive archive, and traveled over one million miles to gather Latter-day Saint history around the globe. This book charts a different course for the field of Latter-day Saint biography by telling the story of a life outside the church’s hierarchy. Additionally, this book uses Jenson’s life to narrate a larger history of the Historian’s Office while offering a fresh perspective on a remarkable era of global growth and change for the church.
Afterword
Authors: Baron Thomas
Published: September 2022

Abstract and Keywords to be supplied.
‘The New Economy and the Privilege of Feeling’: Towards a Theory of Emotional Structuration
Authors: Patulny Roger
Published: September 2022

This chapter focuses on emotional labour and the future of work, outlining a theory of emotional structuration to describe the privilege of feeling enjoyed by the bosses of the future. It demonstrates how future bosses will accumulate and control data on emotional performance, shape the emotional cultures of workplaces, and have their own emotions supported and managed interpersonally by highly trained, emotionally skilled underlings. Through a reimagining of emerging inequalities of emotional labour, the chapter looks ahead to consider the dystopian consequences of emotional work in the future. It explains how emotions and emotional labour feature in and around work in the new economy: as a precursor to work, as an experience at work, and as a result of work. It also critiques existing sociological conceptions of emotion management for lacking detail on the process, strategies, and resources for managing emotions.
Turkish Governmentality: A Genealogy of Heteropatriarchal Nationalism
Authors: Kramer Paul Gordon
Published: September 2022

This chapter rethinks Turkish historiography by considering the many ways that heteropatriarchal norms underpin Turkish state-building. Starting with the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, this chapter depends upon a Foucauldian ‘governmentality’ approach to think through the ways queer and trans people have been systematically excluded from citizenship in Turkey’s past and present.