bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An ecological framework to index crop yields using productivity and Ecosystem Fit: A case study from India
Authors: Klock Angela M. , Banerjee Amita , Vogt Kristiina A. , Mafune Korena K. , Vogt Daniel J. , Gordon John C.
Published: September 2024

On the global scale, agricultural crop yields have decreased or plateaued over the last several decades. This suggests that the current focus on selecting crop varieties based on a plant’s light-use efficiency (photosynthetic and nitrogen-use-efficiency metrics) may not be sensitive to the site’s edaphic parameters, which limit growth. This study introduces a new framework to determine if crops can achieve higher yield potentials by assessing how plants adapt to the edaphic properties that impact growth, especially when contending with climate change. The new approach calculates an Ecosystem Fit index using a ratio of remotely sensed (or observed) total net primary productivity to the theoretical maximum productivity of the site. Then, it uses that index as a benchmark to judge quantitatively whether any new crop species or variety is improving potential biomass or economic yields at that specific site. It can also determine the best soil types for those crop varieties and monitor their potential adaptability relative to climate change over time. This study used a database of 356 spatially independent reference sites to develop this framework using a landcover classification of crops across 21 ecoregions and five biomes in India. It includes total net primary productivity data, theoretical maximum productivity potential, and soil and climatic data. This comparison showed that the light-use efficiency model, as intended, was not sensitive to variations in soil characteristics, temperature, or precipitation. Our framework showed significant differences in growth by soil type and precipitation and three significant productivity thresholds by soil type. The results of this study demonstrate that total crop productivity and Ecosystem Fit create a useful index for local land managers to assess growth and yield potentials across diverse edaphic landscapes and for decision-making with changing climates.
The load-transfer method as a tool for determining the load-displacement curve of piles
Authors: Chalmovský Juraj , Račanský Václav , Koudela Pavel , Zdražil Karel
Published: September 2024

The paper presents two applications (software packages) in which the load-transfer method is used for axially loaded Kelly drilled bored piles and displacement ductile iron piles. In the first, the ultimate friction is related to the effective stress via the so-called β method. The β method is refined into three stages to cover the variety of soils typical of Central Europe. For the driven piles, a different approach is presented in which the ultimate shaft friction is related to the reference hammering time. The recorded hammering time profile is fed directly into the software based on the load-transfer method. Analyses of five loading tests are presented proving that the load transfer method in combination with the β method or the recorded hammering time profile is able to compute the load-displacement curve of both replacement and displacement piles with a reasonable accuracy in various geological conditions.
Diversität in Digitalisierungstheorien
Authors: Ruge Wolfgang B.
Published: September 2024

Wolfgang B. Ruge widmet sich der Verwendung des Begriffs »Digitalisierung« im hochschuldidaktischen Kontext. Diese ist unscharf und variiert je nach Kontext. Dies führt zu einem Mangel an Verständnis und verhindert einen effektiven Diskurs. Drei Perspektiven werden auf Digitalisierung beleuchtet: die technologische, sozialwissenschaftliche und kulturelle.
Diversität braucht Digitalität?
Authors: Mrohs Lorenz
Published: September 2024

Sowohl Digitalisierung als auch Diversität zählen derzeit zu den zentralen strategischen Zukunftsaufgaben von Hochschulen. Im Hochschulkontext werden die beiden Themenfelder jedoch häufig getrennt voneinander betrachtet und ihre Verschränkungen nur punktuell thematisiert. Im Sinne einer integrativen Hochschulentwicklung gilt es, die beiden Themenfelder stärker zusammenzudenken und einen genaueren Blick auf die Verschränkung von Digitalitäts- und Diversitätsfragen zu werfen. Dieser Beitrag greift ausgewählte Aspekte auf, die für eine produktive Bearbeitung dieses Themenkomplexes relevant sind. Dabei wird mit einer organisationstheoretischen Brille das Verhältnis dieser beiden Zukunftsaufgaben in der Organisation Hochschule betrachtet.
Differenzielle Effekte eines Research-based-Blended- Learning-Formats auf die Forschungskompetenzen aus Sicht von Grundschullehramtsstudierenden
Authors: Elting Christian , Strobel Romy , Hess Miriam
Published: September 2024

Lehrkräfte sollten evidenzbasiert handeln, um ihre Schüler:innen bestmöglich zu fördern. Hierfür sind Forschungskompetenzen entscheidend, die neben dem Wissen über Forschung u.a. forschungsbezogene Überzeugungen und Orientierungen umfassen. Für die erste Phase der Lehrkräftebildung gelten Research-based bzw. Blended Learning grundsätzlich als geeignete Methoden, um diese Kompetenzen zu fördern. Es fehlt jedoch an empirisch evaluierten Lehrkonzepten. Im Beitrag wird daher ein Research-based-Blended-Learning-Format zur Förderung der Forschungskompetenzen von Grundschullehramtsstudierenden vorgestellt, das im Rahmen des Lehr- und Forschungsprojekt FoKo (Forschungskompetenzen von Grundschullehramtsstudierenden. Effekte eines Research-based-Blended-Learning-Formats; www.uni-bamberg.de/grundschulpaed/forschung/projekte/foko/) entwickelt und systematisch evaluiert wird. Die Befunde zeigen, dass Effekte des Formats davon abhängen, ob Studierende die digitalen Elemente des Angebots als Lernchance wahrnehmen.
Klimasimulation Augsburg mit VR-Brillen (KlimA-VR)
Authors: Riegger Manfred , Bischoff Alena , Heinbach Ines
Published: September 2024

Entwickelt wird im Entdeckungszusammenhang eine Anwendung eines 360-Grad-Videos für eine VR-Brille mit einer lokalen Klimazukunftssi-mulation innerhalb der BNE an der Universität Augsburg für alle Stu-dierende. Der theoriegeleitete und wissenschaftsbasierte Prozess der di-daktischen Komplexitätsreduktion wird nachgezeichnet in Bezug auf die Berücksichtigung von Diversitätskategorien bzw. -paradigmen (2.) das Design des Videos mit grundlegenden Zielen (3.), den einzelnen Elementen (4.) und anhand von Beispielen aus dem Storyboard (5.), bevor ein Ausblick erfolgt (6.).
Heterogenitätssensible Hochschullehre anhand von OER-Modulen im Projekt ›inklusiv.digital‹ für Lehramtsstudierende
Authors: Schröder Lea , Schulz Lea
Published: September 2024

Die Hochschulbildung steht vor der Herausforderung, Lehramtsstudierende auf die Anforderungen einer diklusiven (digital-inklusiven) Schulbildung vorzubereiten und gleichzeitig die heterogenen Voraussetzungen der Studierenden zu berücksichtigen, um ein gemeinsames Lernen für alle zu ermöglichen. Das in diesem Beitrag präsentierte Projekt ,inklusiv.digital' dient als Good-Practice-Beispiel und illustriert, wie mithilfe von Open Educational Resources (OER) Lehrveranstaltungen in digitaler Form individualisiert, kollaborativ und interdisziplinär gestaltet werden können.
Hochschuldidaktische Weiterbildungen als Schlüssel zur Förderung der Barrierefreiheit in der Lehre
Authors: Brenner Franziska , Dreiack Stefanie , Henschler Julia , Hornoff Katja , Vogel Anne
Published: September 2024

Franziska Brenner, Stefanie Dreiack, Julia Henschler, Katja Hornoff und Anne Vogel reflektieren die Erfahrungen aus dem Digital Workspace »Erstellen von barrierefreien Lehr-und Lernmaterialien«, einer Weiterbildung im offenen Werkstattformat, welche im Rahmen des Verbundprojekts »Digitalisierung der Hochschulbildung in Sachsen« (DHS) gesammelt wurden. Dabei werden Ergebnisse aus einer dreistufigen Erhebung dargestellt und diskutiert. Teilnehmende des Digital Workspace wurden zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten online befragt, um anschließend Rückschlüsse auf die Gestaltung hochschuldidaktischer Angebote und Potenziale des Transfers in die Hochschullehre in Bereich Inklusion und Barrierefreiheit zu ziehen. In diesem Beitrag werden diese Erkenntnisse vorgestellt.
Das Selbstbild junger Menschen aus Russland
Authors: Marsheva Anastasiia
Published: September 2024

Anastasiia Marsheva widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Untersuchung des Einflusses gegenwärtiger antiosteuropäischer Diskurse auf das Selbstbild junger Russländer:innen. Dafür entwickelte sie einen interdisziplinären theoretischen Rahmen und führte 16 qualitative Interviews im April 2022 durch. Die Untersuchung zeigte, dass junge Russländer: innen mit und ohne Auslandserfahrung mit antiosteuropäischen Diskursen konfrontiert werden. Unter anderem zeichneten sich bei Interviewpartner:innen ein negatives Selbstbild und die Verinnerlichung des Eurozentrismus ab.
Scales of patrimonialization in late imperial Crimea
Authors: Guboglo Anna
Published: September 2024

In this article, Anna Guboglo writes about at the discursive formation of the category of Crimean Tatar heritage, prompted by a dialogue between the metropole and the periphery. This essay demonstrates that it was a series of very different factors - including conservation, study, literary depiction, and formation of touristic infrastructure -that allow us to speak of the patrimonialization of a Crimean Tatar architectural heritage specifically between the 1880s and 1920s. Starting with the beginning of the 20th century an increase in the activity of non-state and local actors becomes visible. The various components or layers of this process are schematized in order to show the development of the image of Crimean Tatar culture and identity, and its relation to the architectural heritage.
Wissen über Arbeit in Krisenzeiten
Authors: Gerards Iglesias Simon
Published: September 2024

Argentinien war zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts eines der reichsten Länder der Welt, doch in der Bevölkerung herrschten Armut, Hunger und Wut. Die Befriedung von Arbeit und Kapital rückte nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg in den Mittelpunkt der Politik: Im Kontext der neu gegründeten Internationalen Arbeitsorganisation erhielt die Frage, wie international gültige soziale Rechte Demokratien und Volkswirtschaften in Krisenzeiten stabilisieren können, neue Relevanz. Simon Gerards Iglesias liefert neue Erkenntnisse über die transnationalen Dimensionen der Sozialpolitik in ihrer Entstehungsphase und beleuchtet die Komplexität des länderübergreifenden Austauschs zwischen Argentinien, Amerika und Europa.
Imaginationen des Körpers
Authors: Schär Clarissa
Published: September 2024

Fotografische Selbstdarstellungen junger Menschen in Sozialen Medien sind nicht einfach Ausdruck von Narzissmus und Egozentrismus. Clarissa Schär rekonstruiert aus einer subjektivierungs- und körperleibtheoretischen Perspektive, wie sich junge Menschen über ihre Fotografien intensiv mit Gesellschaft auseinandersetzen: Ihnen wird in alltäglichen Begegnungen bedeutet, wer sie sind, zu sein haben oder sein könnten. Zu diesen mitunter leidvollen Adressierungserfahrungen verhalten sie sich mit ihren fotografischen Selbstdarstellungen und entwerfen »Imaginationen des Körpers«, mit denen sie sich als spezifische Subjekte hervorbringen und selbst positionieren.
Pop vs. the people? Spaltungsdiagnosen und Moralisierungskritiken
Authors: Ege Moritz
Published: September 2024

Ege untersucht in seinem Beitrag anhand von drei relativ neuen Popsongs aus Deutschland und dem UK - DJ Robin & Schürzes «Layla», Frank White und Bass Sultan Hengzts «Cancel Culture Nightmare» und FKA Twigs' «Don't Judge Me», wie diese Pop-Künstler:innen sich zu aktuellen Debatten um gesellschaftspolitische «Spaltungen» verhalten - vor allem mit Blick auf implizite und explizite Aussagen über die Rolle, die Moral und das Moralische in der Populärkultur und in der Politik spielen sollten. Die gegenwärtige Popkultur ist demnach von einer Spannung zwischen dem habitualisierten Antimoralismus des informellen Lebens und kritischen Politisierungen des scheinbar Privaten und Alltäglichen geprägt. Die vieldiagnostizierte Gegenüberstellung von Moralist:innen und Antimoralist:innen greift jedoch zu kurz, wie der Beitrag unter Bezugnahme auf neogramscianische Zeitdiagnosen und Diskurstheorien zeigt. Tatsächlich sind hier verschiedene Typen popkultureller Antimoralismen zu konstatieren. Diese implizieren unterschiedliche ethisch-politische Positionen und gehen in ihren politischen Konsequenten stark auseinander: Die traditionalistische (oft hedonistische, gelegentlich soziologisch-«realistisch» gefärbte) Variante wendet sich gegen Kritiken und Interventionen, die auf «universalistische» Moral/Ethik/Politik rekurrieren; die anti-traditionalistische (antirassistische, feministische) Variante dagegen kritisiert und skandalisiert althergebrachte Formen moralischer Normativität. Diese Varianten von Antimoralismus haben einige Elemente gemeinsam; sie enthalten je eigene Ambivalenzen - vor allem aber unterteilen sie das imaginäre gesellschaftliche Feld durch anders verlaufende «Grenzziehungen» (Laclau) und tragen damit zu konkurrierenden Hegemonieprojekten bei. Auf einer programmatischen Ebene argumentiert der Beitrag zugleich, dass Konzepte des Popularen und Populären unverzichtbar bleiben, weil in ihnen Spannungen und Widersprüche begrifflich zum Ausdruck kommen, die auch in solchen Songs und Debatten verhandelt werden.
Goethe Going Pop. Von musikalischer Repräsentation zu musikbezogener Interaktion in der Musikarbeit der Goethe-Institute in der Türkei
Authors: Ögüt Utku , Prieske Sean
Published: September 2024

In diesem Kapitel werden die musikalischen Aktivitäten der Goethe-Institute in der Türkei betrachtet, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf ihren Konzerten in Ankara, Istanbul und Izmir von den späten 1950er bis in die 2000er Jahre liegt. Ausgehend von Konzerten mit vorwiegend europäischer Kunstmusik erfuhren die musikalischen Aktivitäten in diesen Städten mehrere Stilwechsel. Schließlich weiteten sie sich auf populärere Genres wie Jazz, Rock, Alternative, Electronica und sogar experimentelle Musik aus. Dieses Kapitel befasst sich mit den Wechselwirkungen zwischen den politischen, wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Veränderungen in Deutschland, der Türkei und der globalisierten Welt und den Musikveranstaltungen an den drei türkischen Goethe-Instituten. Auf der Grundlage von Archivrecherchen, die sich auf Broschüren, Flugblätter und Programmhefte konzentrieren, werden in diesem Kapitel die Veranstaltungen im Bereich der populären Musik anhand von Fallbeispielen dargestellt, die bestimmte Entwicklungen in der Musikpolitik der Institute aufzeigen. Diese Analyse dient auch als Überblick über die Formen des kulturellen Austauschs zwischen Deutschland und der Türkei, wie sie sich in den musikalischen und kulturellen Aktivitäten des Goethe-Instituts zeigen.
"Sometimes it Feels Like Being in a Parallel World". Life Worlds and (Gendered) Challenges of Women Songwriters in Germany
Authors: Ptatscheck Melanie
Published: September 2024

In this contribution, Dr. Melanie Ptatscheck examines the life worlds of ten women songwriters in Germany. Women songwriters are part of the patriarchal structures of the music business, in which they are underrepresented and confronted with gender-specific challenges. Based on qualitative interviews, the author explores how women songwriters have managed to gain a foothold in a male-dominated world and what general and gender-specific challenges are associated with the (musical) socialization and everyday life of female songwriters. She discusses empowerment strategies and points out perspectives that can contribute to (structural) change and an improvement to the working and living conditions of songwriters.
Many-Valued Aesthetics
Authors: Ohls Hauke
Published: September 2024

»Yes, No, Perhaps« are the most written words in Mary Bauermeister's artworks. Together they stand for the concept of many-valued aesthetics in the German artist's oeuvre - an aesthetic that Bauermeister developed using many-valued logic. Hauke Ohls brings the artist's central groups of works in context with each other as well as with the neo-avant-garde of the post-war period in Europe and the USA. He shows that the development of Bauermeister's art may appear disparate, but her canvas and relief works, drawings and writing pictures, lens boxes and stone pictures are characterized by a reciprocal relationship of combinations and interconnections. Through the ubiquitous use of meta-references, the entire oeuvre ultimately appears as an interconnected assemblage.
Deep Learning Techniken als Boundary Objects zwischen Entwicklungs- und Anwendungsfeld
Authors: Roth Philip , Dorgeist Matthias , Schulz Astrid
Published: September 2024

Philip Roth, Matthias Dorgeist und Astrid Schulz fragen, wie Deep Learning Techniken (DLT) als spezifischer Entwicklungsgegenstand das Verhältnis zwischen den an der Entwicklung beteiligten Akteuren beeinflussen. Sie konzipieren DLT als Boundary Objects zwischen Entwicklungs- und Anwendungsfeld und analysieren empirisch zwei Entwicklungsprojekte, in denen DLT zur Analyse von Bildmaterial in den Lebenswissenschaften entwickelt werden. Die qualitative Analyse zeigt, dass (1) DLT-Entwickler eine Dienstleisterrolle einnehmen, (2) das Annotieren die Verständigung zwischen Entwicklern:innen und Anwender:innen ersetzt und (3) DLT als Black-Box dazu veranlassen, (Zwischen-) Ergebnisse zu übergeben statt zu kollaborieren.
Plattform und jetzt?
Authors: Franke Tim , Strüver Niklas , Zantis Sascha
Published: September 2024

Franke, Strüver und Zantis beschäftigen sich mit den Gründungsstories digitaler Plattformunternehmen. Inwiefern verstehen sich Gründer*innen als Weltverbesserungsunternehmer*innen? Welche Technologieversprechen bieten sie an? Digitale Plattformen bilden die sozio-technischen Infrastrukturen des Internets, die für Datenallokationsprozesse und als Rohstofflieferanten maschineller Learner unerlässlich sind. Außerdem werden sie oft als universelle Problemlöser verherrlicht. Mit Hilfe der White'schen Netzwerktheorie und auf Basis qualitativer Interviews dekonstruieren Franke, Strüver und Zantis die Gründungsnarrative junger Plattformunternehmen. Die berühmt-berüchtigte, digitalaffine Aufbruchsmentalität, Weltverbesserungs- und oft ML-basierte Technologieversprechen zeigen sich als strategisch abrufbare Stories. Gründer*innen motivieren jedoch in gleichem Maße klassische Ziele wie Autonomie und Selbstverwirklichung.
»Hulapalu, What Is It All About?« Embodied Performativity in the Relationship between Popular Music and Populism in Austria
Authors: Doehring André , Ginkel Kai
Published: September 2024

André Doehring and Kai Ginkel highlight the complex interplay of music and politics, with a focus on the socio-material assemblages of situated musical practice. They discuss the song "Hulapalu" by Austrian singer Andreas Gabalier (2015a) and its role in election campaign events of the far-right populist Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ). They argue that to understand the political potential of Gabalier's music, one must acknowledge how his public persona is ultimately overshadowed by his embodied persona arising from the song's performance at FPÖ campaign venues resembling beer tents with their cheerful and seemingly inclusive disinhibition.
A inserção e a formação humana integral na Educação Profissional e Tecnológica de alunos cegos da região Araguaia no Pará
Authors: Ramos Carla Santos , Cavalcante Rivadavia Porto , Rythowem Marcelo , Senna Mary Lucia Gomes Silveira de
Published: September 2024

Este artigo aborda a formação integral do estudante cego na Educação Profissional e Tecnológica, em uma instituição localizada na região Araguaia, estado do Pará. Teve por objetivo analisar as leis que amparam os estudantes cegos e suas experiências na instituição. Considerando a formação integral do estudante cego, o artigo discute os princípios de formação humana integral de Gramsci, Marx e Freire. A pesquisa utilizou o método qualitativo, através de entrevistas com dois estudantes cegos, o que corresponde a 100% dos alunos cegos da instituição. Os resultados mostram que, apesar de alguns avanços, ainda há dificuldades na adaptação de materiais, acessibilidade e formação dos professores. Destaca-se a necessidade da busca por uma formação humana integral, promovendo a inclusão de forma plena dos estudantes cegos no mundo do trabalho e na sociedade, requerendo melhorias nas efetivações das políticas públicas.
Educação como compromisso do Sistema Conselhos de Psicologia: análise dos cadernos deliberativos dos Congressos Nacionais da Psicologia
Authors: Jacinto Pablo Mateus dos Santos
Published: September 2024

Deliberações relativas à educação têm sido delineadas nos Congressos Nacionais da Psicologia (CNP), impulsionando o Sistema Conselhos de Psicologia a concentrar esforços nesse campo. O objetivo desta pesquisa é compreender o desenvolvimento dos posicionamentos de psicólogos brasileiros sobre educação. Uma pesquisa documental foi conduzida, utilizando os softwares Iramuteq e MaxQDA. Onze documentos de deliberações dos CNP, ocorridos entre 1994 e 2022, foram submetidos a análise temática. Identificou-se variações nos interesses da categoria de psicólogos em relação à educação ao longo dos anos, em consonância com mudanças sociais que afetam a psicologia brasileira. A pesquisa revela que os psicólogos brasileiros têm adotado uma postura crítica e propositiva em relação à Psicologia Escolar e Educacional, contribuindo para a defesa dos direitos humanos, da inclusão e da democratização da educação. Recomenda-se a realização de pesquisas para identificar o impacto concreto das deliberações do CNP nas ações do Sistema Conselhos de Psicologia.
Avaliação externa no contexto da reforma empresarial: desafios para a qualidade social
Authors: Sordi Mara Regina Lemes de , Pereira Maria Simone Ferraz , Bertagna Regiane Helena
Published: September 2024

Já se vão muitos anos desde que as políticas neoliberais buscam se apropriar da avaliação da qualidade da escola, naturalizando formas de controle vertical sobre o trabalho docente à guisa de promover maior qualidade de ensino. Para tal, muito tempo e dinheiro públicos têm sido dispendidos de modo a estampar, por via de resultados dos estudantes em testes estandardizados, um retrato fiel, e quase ortodoxo, do quanto a escola e seus profissionais têm falhado na execução de sua função precípua, qual seja, garantir que as crianças e jovens aprendam. Parece se homogeneizar a ideia de que, quanto mais se avalia, mais qualidade se produz. Nesse sentido, a escola, atrelada à lógica empresarial, passa a ser qualificada pela produtividade, eficiência e competência numa perspectiva mercantil e tecnocrática.
O receituário empresarial para a educação em Mato Grosso: avaliação e qualidade, accountability e premiação como “almas” do negócio
Authors: Costa Marilda de Oliveira , Jorge Samára Assunção Valles , Câmara Elda Vasni Tavares
Published: September 2024

O texto é parte de pesquisa em andamento e aborda a temática “reformas empresariais da educação”, destacando a centralidade da avaliação em larga escala como sinônimo de qualidade e a urgência na definição e adoção institucional de um conceito de qualidade social e negociada da educação, em detrimento de qualidade como sinônimo de bons resultados nos testes. Salientam-se a hegemonia das avaliações, as ações de accountability e as premiações de escolas, estudantes e professores em uma rede estadual de ensino. De abordagem qualitativa, trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental cujos dados foram coletados em sites oficiais do estado de Mato Grosso. Os resultados apontam que as reformas empresariais da educação, influenciadas por preceitos neoliberais, neotecnicistas e autoritários, se constituem em fortes amarras normativas e institucionais que imobilizam sujeitos coletivos e inviabilizam ações e proposições de cunho democrático e progressista como contraponto ao projeto hegemônico do capital em curso na educação.
Modelos de Fluxos de Carbono em uma Área de Floresta Tropical Zonalmente Seca (Caatinga)
Authors: Silva Joélia Natália Bezerra da , Miranda Rodrigo de Queiroga , Soares Gabriel Antonio Silva , Moura Magna Soelma Beserra de , Galvíncio Josiclêda Domiciano
Published: September 2024

Estudos sobre trocas de energia em ecossistemas desempenham um papel importante na compreensão dos fluxos de carbono diante dos diferentes padrões da vegetação. No contexto das áreas semiáridas, entender a variabilidade na absorção de carbono é fundamental para quantificar e antecipar os impactos das alterações do ecossistema de caatinga. O objetivo deste estudo é calibrar e avaliar modelos para a Produção Primária Bruta (GPP), o Fluxo Líquido do Ecossistema (NEE) e a Respiração do Ecossistema (Reco) no bioma de caatinga. Foram obtidas medições da NEE, calculado em intervalos de 30 minutos usando o software EddyPro 3.6, a partir de dados brutos medidos a 10 Hz. A GPP foi estimada pela partição do NEE e Reco, todos medidos em micromoles de CO2 por metro quadrado por segundo (μmolCO2 m-2 s-1) na torre de covariância de vórtices turbulentos (EC), instalada em uma reserva legal, na Embrapa Semiárido, em Petrolina - Pernambuco, em um recorte do dossel da caatinga. Após as medições dos fluxos de carbono e da respiração do ecossistema foram realizadas medidas de campo com espectrorradiômetro portátil FieldSpec HandHeld para obter a reflectância do dossel em torno da torre de covariância de vórtices turbulentos, as medições foram realizadas no ano de 2015 em uma área de caatinga preservada.  Os modelos de regressão linear múltipla foram desenvolvidos, para estimar os fluxos de carbono, a partir de imagens orbitais, permitindo estimar com precisão GPP, NEE e Reco, utilizando-se o produto MODIS/Terra Reflectância Superficial Diária (MOD09GA). Os principais resultados mostram a eficácia dos modelos desenvolvidos, destacando-se o modelo de GPP com melhores índices estatísticos (R=0,97; R2=0,95; Erro Padrão da Estimativa=0,20). As medições observadas na torre EC apontaram que os modelos desenvolvidos para estimar a NEE, GPP e Reco, com dados da reflectância do visível e do infravermelho próximo, os modelos representaram adequadamente o período seco e capturaram com precisão os aspectos fenológicos do ecossistema da caatinga.
On-demand mitral valve morphometrics during surgical repair
Authors: Grizelj Andela , Sharan Lalith , Karck Matthias , De Simone Raffaele , Romano Gabriele , Engelhardt Sandy
Published: September 2024

Mitral valve regurgitation is one of the most common heart valve diseases that can occur when the structural composition of the mitral valve is affected. Mitral valve repair, typically performed in a minimally invasive setting, is a complex surgery that aims to reinstate the structural integrity of the valve and thereby restore normal valve function. The current practice lacks quantification of geometrical changes and interactive 3D visualization that could enhance the understanding of pathomorphological changes and impact of surgical correction. This work presents functionalities from smartMVR, a quantitative tool to measure, compare, and analyse changes in mitral valve geometry from data captured on-demand using an RGB-D camera. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated on a silicone replica of a pathological mitral valve that is iteratively corrected using common surgical techniques.
Unnecessary repetitions of C-reactive protein and leukocyte count at the emergency department observation unit contribute to higher hospital admission rates
Authors: Gornik Ivan , Lapić Ivana , Franić Hana , Radulović Bojana , Miklić Lea , Rogić Dunja
Published: September 2024

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of repeated laboratory measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocyte count on the decision whether to admit or dicharge the patient with localized infections who received antibiotics at the Emergency Department (ED) observation unit.

Methods

Adult patients with respiratory, urinary tract and abdominal infections, observed at the ED after antibiotic administration, in whom repeated measurements of CRP and leukocyte count were performed within 24 h, were included. They were initially grouped as planned discharge, planned admission and unclear attitude towards admission. Initial and repeated CRP and leukocyte count results, clinical dynamics (improvement, worsening, unchanged) and clinical decision about discharge or admission, were recorded.

Results

A total of 1,038 patients were eligible for inclusion. No significant differences in initial CRP and leukocyte count values were observed, nor any association of CRP and leukocyte count changes with clinical dynamics. Among 504 patients eligible for discharge at second laboratory sampling according to clinical dynamics, 54.4 % were further observed or admitted. Discharged patients had an average negative absolute (p<0.001) and relative CRP change (p=0.002). Clinical dynamics, first and second CRP results and absolute CRP change were independently associated with the decision to discharge or further observe/admit.

Conclusions

Schematic repetitions of CRP and leukocyte count at the ED observation unit are common, regardless of patients’ clinical condition. Clinical judgment remains the main guiding factor to admit or discharge the patient, but repeated CRP testing influences the final decision, contributing to higher admission rates.
Second-harmonic radiation by on-chip integrable mirror-symmetric nanodimers with sub-nanometric plasmonic gap
Authors: Hu Junzheng , Ye Xiaofei , Huang Hui , Su Guangxu , Lv Zhekai , Qin Zhaofu , Hu Pan , Liu Fanxin , Wu Wei , Zhan Peng
Published: September 2024

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) facilitated by plasmonic nanostructures has drawn considerable attention, owing to its efficient frequency up-conversion at the nanoscale and potential applications in on-chip integration and nanophotonic devices. Herein, we present a nanodimer array fabricated by nanoimprinting, composed of nanofinger-pair symmetrically leaning at an off-angle with a well-defined sub-nanometric gap. Commonly, geometric symmetry would suppress the far-field SHG due to the near-field cancelling of symmetric surface SH polarization. However, we find that the light-induced surface SH polarization distribution along the wave-vector of incidence could be influenced by the off-angle, which is consistent to the requirement of SH polarization symmetry-breaking in symmetric metallic nanocavity. A dramatic enhancement of far-field SHG is achieved by tuning the off-angle of nanofinger-pair, even approaching up to over 4 orders of magnitude for an optimal value. The demonstration of SHG enhancement on our well-defined plasmonic nanodimer provides a new way of on-chip integration to activate high-efficient SH radiation, which might be potential for applications in novel nonlinear optical nanodevices with remarkable efficiency and sensitivity.
Navigating platform work through solidarity and hustling: the case of ride-hailing drivers in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Ekdale Brian , Aidoo Ebenezer
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Scholarship about worker precarity, economic insecurity, and individualized risk in platform work tends to ignore that these trends are common features of informal economies in countries like Kenya, which has a culture of hustling rooted in economic opportunism and political resistance. Recognizing the parallels between the platform economy and Kenya’s informal economy, we examine individual and collective strategies ride-haling drivers in Kenya use to navigate the precarity of platform work.

Methodology

This study draws primarily from interviews with 30 ride-hailing drivers working in Nairobi, Kenya. Interview data is supplemented by two rounds of in-person fieldwork conducted by the first author who solicited rides, engaged in unstructured conversations with drivers, and kept detailed notes.

Findings

Although ride-hailing companies severely limit opportunities for driver autonomy and labor power, drivers engaged in several individual and collective acts of resistance to increase their income and wrestle back control from their employers. These acts of resistance include extending rides, adding customers outside of the app, asking riders to cancel requests, and striking.

Implications

While ride-hailing platforms exert significant control over drivers’ working conditions and income, drivers can exercise labor power through acts of resistance based on hustling and solidarity. These acts of resistance rely heavily on solidarities among drivers as well as between drivers and riders.

Value

This study answers calls to de-Westernize platform studies by asking what Kenyan ride-hailing drivers can teach the rest of the world about navigating the precarity of global platform work. Our findings extend previous research on platform worker resistance in the Global South by introducing the importance of solidarities between platform workers and clients.
The Y44 residue point mutation in CXCL14 reveals the significance of CXCL14 protein stability in anti-tumor activity
Authors: Kamal Shah , Ullah Najeeb , Kong Xianglin , Amanullah Amanullah , Dai Ao , Kamal Mohammad Amjad , Deng Cheng , Shanshan Lai
Published: September 2024

Objectives

CXCL14, a member of the CXC chemokine family, plays a significant role in tumor development, progression, and metastasis, making it a potential target for cancer diagnosis and treatment. This study aims to investigate the impact of a point mutation in the (41VSRYR45) motif of CXCL14 on its anti-tumor activity.

Methods

Phylogenetic analysis, tertiary structure prediction, homology modeling, and cell culture experiments were employed to assess the effects of CXCL14 mutations on protein stability and anti-tumor activity. Phylogenetic analysis identified conserved regions critical for function, while computational tools predicted structural changes due to mutations. Homology modeling provided structural insights, and cell culture experiments involved transfecting HeLa cells with wild-type or mutant CXCL14 plasmids, assessing stability and anti-tumor effects. Additionally, in vivo, xenograft experiments using nude mice were conducted to evaluate the anti-tumor efficacy of CXCL14 variants.

Results

The conserved Y44 site within the (41VSRYR45) motif was identified as a key ubiquitination site. Mutations Y44V and Y44F enhanced CXCL14 stability, reducing HeLa cell proliferation and migration while increasing apoptosis. In vivo, tumor xenograft experiments confirmed the stronger inhibitory effect of these CXCL14 variants on tumor growth compared to the wild-type protein.

Conclusion

The Y44 site in CXCL14 is crucial for its stability and anti-tumor activity. Mutations Y44V and Y44F enhance CXCL14 stability and anti-tumor effects, suggesting that targeting this site could be a promising therapeutic strategy for cervical cancer.
Evaluation of HER2 immunohistochemistry-positive and immunohistochemistry-negative FISH amplification breast cancers using next-generation sequencing
Authors: Baba Shogo , Koyanagi Ai , Kakumoto Akinari , Kuroda Hajime , Harada Oi , Suzuki Megumi , Kato Yasutaka , Nishihara Hiroshi , Kawami Hiroyuki
Published: September 2024

Objectives

In this study, we aimed to assess the concordance between HER2 positivity, defined as scores of 2+ or 3+ by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and HER2 gene amplification results obtained by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and gene panel testing (GPT).

Methods

A total of 45 breast cancer patients with sufficient biopsy, breast-conserving surgery, or mastectomy specimens collected between 2018 and 2024 at Hokuto Hospital were included in the study. HER2 status was defined as HER2+ in cases with scores of 3+ on IHC staining, HER2-FISHamp in cases with scores of 2+ on IHC staining plus FISH amplification. FISH amplification was defined as a ratio of HER2 to the amplification of the chromosome 17 centromere ≥2.0. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) for these genes was conducted using MiSeq. The criterion for ERBB2 amplification requires gene amplification of more than 2 standard deviations (SD) above the average of the panel genes and CN ≥4.

Results

HER2+ correlated with the presence of NGS amplification of ERBB2 (p<0.001). NGS amplification was significantly more detectable in HER2+ than in HER2-FISHamp. HER2-FISHamp correlated with larger tumor size (p=0.009) and the presence of lymph node metastases (p<0.001). No correlations were observed between the HER2 status and other parameters such as age, histological grade, stage histological type, recurrence, treatment response evaluation, and breast cancer mortality.

Conclusions

To achieve a comprehensive diagnosis, it is crucial to integrate GPT findings with other diagnostic approaches and to have a though understanding of the characteristics and limitations of each method.
Crafting crossroads in Zagori (north-west Greece): Ottoman-era archaeology through a workshop in vernacular architecture
Authors: Moudopoulos-Athanasiou Faidon , Sklavounos Ionas , Koutropoulos Grigoris
Published: September 2024

Reconstruction of a nineteenth-century cobbled pathway in the village of Aristi provides valuable insights into the material culture and settlement archaeology of Ottoman-era Greece. The authors argue that such small-scale pairing of restoration and archaeological practices in ‘traditional’ settlements could enhance our understanding of Ottoman archaeology without undermining the lived experience of such places.
A Review of the Administrative System of the Federal Republic of Germany
Authors:   Odesа Polytechnic National University, Hratsiotova Hanna , Lukianchuk Kateryna ,   Odesа Polytechnic National University
Published: September 2024

The relevance of the experience of governance of the European Union (EU), in particular in Germany, is due to several factors. The first factor relates to the security and migration crisis in Europe. This crisis has led to the need to reform the administrative mechanisms of migration control, which should be both common and individual for the EU Member States. The second factor concerns the impact of climate and environmental challenges. In this context, a study of the administrative system in Germany could be useful for developing effective policies to combat climate change and protect the environment. The third factor relates to innovation and economic integration. Germany's public administration is one of the leading actors in the European community, so studying it can help develop effective policies in these areas. Finally, studying Germany's legitimacy and democratic nature of EU administrative procedures is an important part of understanding and improving EU governance.
Strategy for the Development of the Innovative Activity of the Enterpriseon the Basis of Sustainable Development
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Muzychenko-Kozlovska Oksana
Published: September 2024

The article offers the author's interpretation of the concept of "innovation activity on the basis of sustainable development". A scientific and methodological approach to the formation of a strategy for improving the innovation activity of enterprise on the basis of sustainable development has been developed and tested on the example of JSC "Ukrgasvydobuvannya", which includes the following stages: analysis of the status of innovation activity of industrial enterprises in the country, determination of the mission and goal of the strategy for improving the innovation activity of enterprise on the basis of sustainable development, selection and analysis of factors of internal and external environment that affect the efficiency of innovation activity of enterprises.
Enterprise Risk Management in Smalland Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Crises Environment: Conceptual Model
Authors:   Odesa Polytechnic National University, Saveliev Мykyta
Published: September 2024

This article seeks to explore the need to adapt enterprises risk management (ERM) to crisis environment, i.e., to the situation of martial law in Ukraine. To the best of the author’s knowledge, no ERM framework accounts for business operations in the situation of martial law (i.e. war environment). Organisational activities in hazardous, dynamic, and safety-oriented circumstances are researched in the area of high reliability theory. The paper presents the results of a preliminary literature review in these fields. As a result, the conceptual model "Enterprise Risk Management / High Reliability Theory" ("ERM/HRT") – which formulates the direction of the future research – was developed.
Respuesta de la roya (Hemileia vastatrix) frente a condiciones climáticas y aplicaciones de fungicidas en el cultivo de café (Coffea arabica) bajo sombra
Authors: Calero Ocón Isidro
Published: September 2024

Coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix) was first reported in 1869 on a plantation on the island of Sri Lanka, Asia, and has since spread to all coffee-growing regions far from its center of origin. The coexistence between the coffee plant, primarily Coffea arabica, and the fungus Hemileia vastatrix leads to coevolution, which manifests in significant genetic variability in the plant’s resistance to the disease and the fungus’s virulence towards the plant (Avelino and Rivas, 2013). The trophic relationships between the fungus and the host are influenced by soil moisture, fruit load, genetic resistance, precipitation, relative humidity, and temperature; these are the main factors affecting plant colonization (Filho and Astorga, 2015). In this study, the behavior of H. vastatrix was recorded through sampling to describe the relationship between disease incidence and environmental conditions, such as precipitation, temperature, and relative humidity, over an 18-month period at the Santa Lucía Experimental Farm (FESL) in Heredia, Costa Rica. The main findings demonstrated that the use of triazole fungicides and copper hydroxide can maintain disease incidence below 7%, despite contributions to its development from precipitation and increased temperatures, but not from increased relative humidity. Proper management of coffee leaf rust and the presence of shade can help reduce the incidence of the disease in the coffee plantation at FESL.
Ketinimas šaliai būti saistomai sudarant sutartis automatizuotai
Authors: Drazdauskas Stasys
Published: September 2024

The progress of automation is bringing back doubts in legal research about whether a party should be bound by the steps taken through automated systems used in contract formation. In response to these doubts, the article presents a critique of the so-called ‘separation’ theories, based on the arguments of the asynchrony of the will of the parties, objectivity, and the computer as a tool. It also aims to determine whether international soft law initiatives, as well as national legislation, are developing a universal and unified approach to the impact of automated systems on the conclusion of contracts. The UNCITRAL Commission, the European Law Institute, as well as legislators in both common and civil law jurisdictions, consistently reinforce the principle that contracts concluded by automated means must be recognized as binding, and legal consequences must be attributed to parties using automated systems. In the cases examined from the court practice related to automatically concluded contracts, the problem of assigning legal effects to the party using an automated system does not arise in principle.
“Kevin and Mattéo”, “those Little Angels”…: A Few Examples of Semantic Re-parameterizations, between Interdiscursive Echoes and Metadiscursive Work
Authors: Seoane Annabelle
Published: September 2024

‘Kevin and Mattéo’, ‘imported product’, ‘community of Untouchables’, ‘piece of cloth’, ‘a chance’... Using the Figaro forum in 2023 (a French national newspaper) as a starting point, and from a discourse analysis perspective rooted in enunciation and semantics, the study examines the way in which certain lexical items are extracted from their usual meanings to be misappropriated in order to designate immigrants or refugees on French soil and thus condenses a political rejection of Muslims in particular and more generally of the current government. Through the interplay of semantic or pragma-enunciative adjustments and a fundamentally dialogical enunciation, the new setting here articulates an informative aim of deciphering with an intention of disqualification based on stereotyping and stigmatization. It is then a question for the enunciator of implementing a conniving logic of de-/re-construction of meaning.
Touch as a resource when initiating joint activities in children’s peer interactions
Authors: Cekaite Asta , Ekström Anna , Rydén Gramner Anja
Published: September 2024

This video-ethnographic study explores preschool children’s ways of engaging in joint activities using touch, i.e., various types of physical contact. Focusing on how children (2–5 years old) in preschools in Sweden manage peer group activities, the study examines the ways in which physical contact features in children’s activity proposals and other actions that are aimed at including participants in a joint activity. It explores some of the diverse ways in which children initiate peer group activities by using touch as one of many multimodal resources for forming and sustaining activity-relevant participation frameworks. The study shows how children employed touch acts to i) initiate a joint participation framework by securing peers’ attention and bodily orientation; ii) create and sustain a joint participation framework within a multi-activity by assembling and managing simultaneous engagements; and iii) engage and include a child into an already ongoing activity. The study aims to contribute to knowledge about children’s touch cultures, as well as embodiment of children’s social relational work in early childhood educational settings.
Positioned Orthodoxies: Debating Islamic faith and practice in contemporary Sweden
Authors:   , Larsson Gustav
Published: September 2024

This dissertation investigates the social construction of Islamic orthodoxy as a form of boundary maintenance within Muslim milieus in contemporary Sweden. It delves into the dynamics of intra-Islamic diversity, examining how different Muslim groups perceive and define what constitutes “correct” Islamic faith and practice in contrast to what they consider “incorrect”. By employing positioning theory, the study explores how perceptions of both selves and others influence discourses on Islamic orthodoxy, particularly through notions of religious duties, rights, and obligations. The study is rooted in ethnographic fieldwork conducted in a multicultural suburb where different Islamic congregations coexist. The study investigates the interplay of local, national, and global dynamics, highlighting how these factors impact religious identities and positioning around orthodoxy. Through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and content analysis of sermons and lectures, the study reveals the dialectical nature of how orthodoxy is constructed. It demonstrates how perceptions of “other” Muslims, whether within the same community or across different denominations, are significant for reinforcing one’s own religious identity and practices. The findings of this dissertation highlight aspects of how local Islamic congregations and individual Muslims navigate the multifaceted challenges posed by Sweden’s multicultural and secular society. Among other things, they are shown to actively negotiate their place within this culturally diverse environment, balancing the pressures of integration with the desire to maintain religious integrity—while positioning both their own and other views on orthodoxy in relation to these contemporary issues.
Finansowanie szkolnictwa wyższego w Stanach Zjednoczonych
Authors: Grabińska Barbara
Published: September 2024

The American higher education system has been recognised as the best in the world, a fact borne out by international academic university rankings. The US has one of the most market-oriented higher education systems in the world and many countries look at the country's approach when undertaking to reform the funding of their own systems. The objective of the article is to present the characteristics of the US higher education system, emphasising its structure of financing and funding mechanisms.