bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sephardim, Ashkenazim and Non-Jewish Peoples: Encounters Across Europe
Authors: Twardowska Aleksandra , Taczyńska Katarzyna
Published: January 2021

Sephardim, Ashkenazim and Non-Jewish Peoples:  Encounters Across EuropeThe 9th issue of Colloquia Humanistica focuses in its entirety on Jewish/non-Jewish contacts. The papers, presentations of materials, discussions and reviews all share the theme of the entangled history of cohabitation. Still, deconstructed on multiple layers of geography, ethnicity, research domain and methodology, the title’s “encounters” make for varied reading. Aszkenazyjczycy, Sefardyjczycy i narody nieżydowskie. Spotkania w EuropieDziewiąty numer Colloquia Humanistica jest w całości poświęcony  żydowsko-nieżydowskim kontaktom. Artykuły, prezentacje materiałów, dyskusje i recenzje ilustrują tę uwikłaną historię koegzystencji. Numer jest zróżnicowany, a tytułowe spotkania mają odzwierciedlenie na kilku poziomach: wspomnianych kontaktów żydowsko-nieżydowskich, aszkenazyjsko-sefardyjskich, obszarów badawczych i na poziomie metodologicznym.
‟Wir Deutschjuden”: The Image of Germans and Westjuden in the German-Language Jewish Press of the First World War and the Interwar Period
Authors: Olszewska Izabela
Published: January 2021

‟Wir Deutschjuden”: The Image of Germans and Westjuden in the German-Language Jewish Press of the First World War and the Interwar PeriodThe interwar period was a highly special time in reference to defining and constructing all kinds of cultural identities in Europe. One of the groups building their identity at the time were the so-called Westjuden, a Jewish community culturally defined as Ashkenazi assimilated under the influence of the Jewish Enlightenment (the Haskalah). In German territory, Westjuden considered themselves German citizens of the Jewish faith, thus separating themselves from the remaining groups of Ashkenazi Jews, i.e. the Ostjuden. Also describing themselves as Germans in the German-language Jewish press, Westjuden frequently characterized, analyzed, and searched for confirmation of their belonging to the German cultural circle.The aim of the article is to reconstruct the image of Germans and  Westjuden themselves in the German-language Jewish press at the time of the First World War and in the interwar period. „Wir Deutschjuden”: obraz Niemców oraz Westjuden w niemieckojęzycznej prasie żydowskiej z okresu pierwszej wojny światowej oraz dwudziestolecia międzywojennegoOkres pierwszej wojny światowej oraz dwudziestolecia międzywojennego był czasem niezwykle specyficznym, jeśli chodzi o określanie i konstruowanie wszelkich ku lturowych tożsamości w Europie. Jedną z takich grup byli Deutschjuden, tj. zasymilowani pod wpływem oświecenia żydowskiego (Haskali) Żydzi niemieccy. Deutschjuden deklarowali się jako „obywatele niemieccy wyznania mojżeszowego”, separując się tym ostentacyjnie od migrujących do Niemiec Żydów z Europy wschodniej – Ostjuden. Na łamach swojej prasy niemieckojęzycznej Żydzi wielokrotnie charakteryzowali, analizowali, szukali potwierdzenia przynależności do niemieckiego kręgu kulturowego, opisując przy tym siebie, jak i Niemców.Celem artykułu jest rekonstrukcja kulturowego obrazu Deutschjuden oraz pośrednio Niemców ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem dyskursu odnoszącego się do języka, religii, kultury historycznej czy tradycji Deutschjuden.
The Holocaust in Southern Ukraine: The Response of Survived Jews of Kalinindorf District after the German Occupation
Authors: Kaparulin Yurii
Published: January 2021

The Holocaust in Southern Ukraine: The Response of Survived Jews of Kalinindorf District after the German OccupationBased on archival documents and published and unpublished materials of oral history, the paper offers an overview of the Holocaust in the Kalinindorf district (territories of modern-day Kherson and Mykolaiv Oblast, Ukraine) and the reaction of survived Jews after their return from evacuation and the front. Through particular cases, the paper shows the variants of behaviour and adaptation of Jews to post-war living conditions. The mid-1940s serves as the historical background; it was a period when antisemitic attitudes strengthened in society and in the party leadership. The article indicates how the Jews returned to the pre-war lifestyle in rural areas, but also their rejection of new conditions and changes in the place where they lived. It also investigates the formation of the Jewish community’s tradition of commemorative practices in places of mass executions of Jews.  Holokaust na Ukrainie Południowej. Reakcje ocalałych Żydów dystryktu Kalinindorf po niemieckiej okupacjiArtykuł bazuje na dokumentacji archiwalnej, opublikowanych i nieopublikowanych relacjiach historii mówionej, i stanowi zarys problemu Holokaustu w dystrykcie Kalinindorf (terytorium dzisiejszych obwodów chersońskiego i mikołajowskiego); ukazuje również reakcje ocalałych  Żydów po powrocie z frontu i ewakuacji. Na przykładzie poszczególnych przypadków artykuł prezentuje różne zachowania i typy adaptacji Żydów do życia w powojennych warunkach. Tło historyczne stanowi połowa lat 40. XX wieku, jako okres wzmocnienia nastrojów antysemickich w społeczeństwie i wśród przywódców partyjnych. Artykuł opisuje zarówno powrót Żydów do przedwojennego sposobu życia na terenach wiejskich, jak i ich niechęć do nowych warunków i nowego miejsca osiedlenia. Prezentuje również badania nad kształtowaniem się wśród społeczności żydowskich tradycji praktyk upamiętniających w miejscach masowej eksterminacji.
Assen Ignatov: The Theomachist and the God-Seeker
Authors: Dimitrova Nina
Published: January 2021

Assen Ignatov: The Theomachist and the God-SeekerThis article aims to trace the evolution of Assen Ignatov’s attitude towards religion and to outline the main features of this change – from an intellectual whose worldview was initially Marxist to being a dissident philosopher known also for his respect for Christianity. The first part of the study is devoted to the early professional stages of Assen Ignatov’s life (as a lecturer at Sofia University), when he attacked the “Bourgeois” philosophy for its affinity to religion. Gradually, these initial attitudes were seriously shaken, partly because he was one of the very few erudite thinkers in Bulgaria during the “socialist” period who witnessed the dogmatism and narrow interests of the Party philosophers. In addition, his escape to Western Europe was a radical break with the past, specifically with regard to religion. Assen Ignatov interpreted communism as a pseudo-religion from the viewpoint of Christian personalism and existentialism. The author concludes that the radical change of Ignatov’s attitude towards religion shows the measure of his general change of worldview. Asen Ignatow – w walce przeciw Bogu i w poszukiwaniu BogaCelem artykułu jest prześledzenie ewolucji stosunku do religii Asena Ignatowa: od intelektualisty, którego światopogląd był początkowo marksistowski, do filozofa-dysydenta, znanego również z jego szacunku dla chrześcijaństwa. W pierwszej części zaprezentowane są początkowe etapy w jego życiu zawodowym, kiedy jako wykładowca na Uniwersytecie w Sofii atakował filozofię burżuazyjną z powodu jej pokrewieństwa z religią. Stopniowo postawy te uległy poważnemu zachwianiu (również dlatego, że był on jednym z niewielu bardzo dobrze wykształconych myślicieli w Bułgarii okresu „socjalistycznego”, który obserwował dogmatyzm i wąskie interesy partyjnych filozofów), a jego ucieczka do Europy Zachodniej oznaczała zerwanie z przeszłością, szczególnie w odniesieniu do religii. Asen Ignatow interpretował komunizm jako pseudoreligię z punktu widzenia chrześcijańskiego personalizmu i egzystencjalizmu. Autorka konkluduje, że radykalny zwrot w postawie Ignatowa wobec religii jest wyrazem głębszych zmian o charakterze światopoglądowym.
Християнство, мистицизъм, безверие: Иван Грозев и Николай Райнов
Authors: Азманова-Рударска [Azmanova-Rudarska] Елена [Elena]
Published: January 2021

Christianity, Mysticism, Infidelity: Ivan Grozev and Nikolay RaуnovThis article follows the personal and artistic relations between two famous Bulgarian poets and mystics, Ivan Grozev and Nikolay Raynov. Before 1944, the lives of both passed under the common sign of Orthodox Christianity, spiritualism, Theosophy, and Freemasonry. A separation took place after 1944, when Raynov rejected all forms of religiosity. At first, their relationship was good, but later it came into sharp conflict. The first words of criticism were spoken by Grozev, concerning Raynov’s translation of Thus Spoke Zarathustra by Nietzsche. The further polemics, on the one hand, had a significant impact on some of the intellectual elite in Bulgaria; on the other hand, they illustrate the changing attitude of both writers to religiosity. The source material is archives, memoirs and autobiographies, which reveal the dialogicality in Bulgarian literature in the first half of the 20th century. Chrześcijaństwo, mistycyzm, niewiara. Iwan Grozew i Nikołaj RajnowArtykuł jest poświęcony osobistym i artystycznym relacjom między dwoma słynnymi bułgarskimi poetami i mistykami, Iwanem Grozewem i Nikołajem Rajnowem. Przed rokiem 1944 życie obu upływa pod wspólnym znakiem kolejno: ortodoksyjnego chrześcijaństwa, spirytyzmu, teozofii i wolnomularstwa. Do rozdziału dochodzi po 1944 roku, kiedy Rajnow odrzuca wszelkie formy religijności. Na początku ich wzajemny stosunek jest pozytywny, ale z czasem dochodzi do ostrych sporów. Pierwsze słowa krytyki wypowiada Grozew. Sprawa dotyczy przekładu Rajnowa Tako rzecze Zaratustra Friedricha Nietzschego. Dalsza polemika z jednej strony ma istotny wpływ na część elit intelektualnych w Bułgarii, z drugiej – ilustruje zmieniający się stosunek obu pisarzy do religijności. Materiał źródłowy stanowią archiwa, wspomnienia i autobiografie. Odsłaniają one dialogiczność w bułgarskiej literaturze w pierwszej połowie XX wieku.
W strefie ontologicznego półcienia
Authors: Drzewiecka Ewelina
Published: January 2021

In the Zone of Ontological PenumbraThis article is a review of the study entitled Praktyki lecznicze w prawosławnych monasterach w Bułgarii. Perspektywa antropologii (post)sekularnej [Healing Practices in Orthodox Monasteries in Bulgaria: A (Post)secular Perspective], authored by Magdalena Lubańska (Warszawa: WUW, 2019, 362 pp.). W strefie ontologicznego półcieniaRecenzja monografii naukowej Praktyki lecznicze w prawosławnych monasterach w Bułgarii. Perspektywa antropologii (post)sekularnej autorstwa Magdaleny Lubańskiej (Warszawa: WUW, 2019, 362 ss.).
The Relationship Between cAMP Responsive Element Binding Protein and Its Phosphorylated Form in Cardiac Myxoma with DNA Mutation of Protein Kinase cAMP-Dependent Type I Regulatory Subunit Alpha
Authors: Sun Yang , Chen Qianlong , Zhang Yujing , Li Wenke , Zhao Kun , Wang Qingzhi , Wang Hongyue , Zhou Zhou
Published: January 2021

Considering the lack of information regarding the role and mechanism of low expression of PRKAR1α in cardiac myxoma, we investigated the relationship between the low expression of PRKAR1α and the cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) and the
expression of its phosphorylated form (p-CREB) in cardiac myxoma tissue. For this purpose, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 130 cases of CM tissue obtained by surgical resection, from which paraffin-fixed tissue DNA was extracted, followed by detection of PRKAR1A DNA
mutation by Sanger sequencing and detection of CREB, p-CREB, and PKAR1α protein expression by immunohistochemical SP method. Mutations in the PRKAR1A gene coding region were detected in 35 (46.05%) of 76 sporadic CM tissues, of which 48.57% (17/35 cases) had more
than two mutations, and 28.57% (10/35 cases) had exon4: C.349-4-C.349-5insertTmutation. Compared with the surrounding normal tissues, 55.26% (42/76 cases) of PKAR1α protein was not expressed or weakly expressed, CREB was not expressed in myxoma and myocardial tissues, p-CREB
was expressed in 51 (67.11%) CM-positive tissues, and PKAR1α and p-CREB expression demonstrated no correlation (P > 0.05). These results indicate the presence of a high level of CREB phosphorylation in cardiac myxoma tissue; however, its phosphorylation
is not associated with mutations in the PRKAR1A gene coding region and PKAR1α expression.
Fenofibrate Improves the Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy by Regulating miR-21-IL6R Axis
Authors: Zhang Yan , Xie Bihua
Published: January 2021

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a kind of irreversible visual impairment common in adults. Several studies have confirmed the ability of fenofibrate (FNB) to mitigate DR pathology. miR-21 has also been shown to improve the hemodynamics of DR model rats. Presently, it is not clear whether
FNB can play a therapeutic role in DR via regulating miR-21, and we will supplement this gap through this research. First, in this research, we constructed an in vitro model of DR by inducing ARPE-19 cells with high glucose (HG). After successful induction, the proliferation ability
of ARPE-19 cells was inhibited, the apoptosis ability was enhanced, and the oxidative stress index (reactive oxygen species, ROS) level was increased. Subsequently, we discovered that the cell vitality was significantly improved, the apoptosis ability was inhibited, and oxidative stress injury
was improved under FNB intervention in the in vitro model of DR. In mechanism, FNB can improve the viability of DR model in vitro and alleviate the oxidative stress injury induced by HG through down-regulating miR-21 or up-regulating IL-6R. Furthermore, miR-21 has a targeted
regulatory relationship with IL6R, which can negatively regulate the level of IL6R. Based on the above, we conclude that FNB can improve the viability and alleviate oxidative stress injury of DR model in vitro via regulating the miR-21-IL6R axis.
Observed and Projected Frontal Activities in East Asia
Authors: Wang Chia-Chi , Hsu Huang-Hsiung , Chen Ying-Ting
Published: January 2021

An objective front detection method is applied to ERA5, CMIP5 historical, and RCP8.5 simulations to evaluate climate model performance in simulating front frequency and to understand future projections of seasonal front activities. The study area is East Asia for two natural seasons, defined as winter (2 December–14 February) and spring (15 February–15 May), in accordance with regional circulation and precipitation patterns. Seasonal means of atmospheric circulation and thermal structures are analyzed to understand possible factors responsible for future front changes. The front location and frequency in CMIP5 historical simulations are captured reasonably. Frontal precipitation accounts for more than 30% of total precipitation over subtropical regions. Projections suggest that winter fronts will decrease over East Asia, especially over southern China. Frontal precipitation is projected to decrease for 10%–30%. Front frequency increases in the South China Sea and tropical western Pacific because of more tropical moisture supply, which enhances local moisture contrasts. During spring, southern China and Taiwan will experience fewer fronts and less frontal precipitation while central China, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan may experience more fronts and more frontal precipitation due to moisture flux from the south that enhances wet-bulb potential temperature θw gradients. Consensus among CMIP5 models in front frequency tendency is evaluated. The models exhibit relatively high consensus in the decreasing trend over polar and subtropical frontal zone in winter and over southern China and Taiwan in spring that may prolong the dry season. Spring front activities are crucial for water resource and risk management in the southern China and Taiwan.
Wind-Driven Oscillations in Meridional Overturning Circulations near the Equator. Part II: Idealized Simulations
Authors: Bell Michael J. , Blaker Adam T. , Hirschi Joël J.-M.
Published: January 2021

Large-amplitude [±100 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1)], high-frequency oscillations in the Pacific Ocean’s meridional overturning circulation within 10° of the equator have been found in integrations of the NEMO ocean general circulation model. Part I of this paper showed that these oscillations are dominated by two bands of frequencies with periods close to 4 and 10 days and that they are driven by the winds within about 10° of the equator. This part shows that the oscillations can be well simulated by small-amplitude, wind-driven motions on a horizontally uniform, stably stratified state of rest. Its main novelty is that, by focusing on the zonally integrated linearized equations, it presents solutions for the motions in a basin with sloping side boundaries. The solutions are found using vertical normal modes and equatorial meridional modes representing Yanai and inertia–gravity waves. Simulations of 16-day-long segments of the time series for the Pacific of each of the first three meridional and vertical modes (nine modes in all) capture between 85% and 95% of the variance of matching time series segments diagnosed from the NEMO integrations. The best agreement is obtained by driving the solutions with the full wind forcing and the full pressure forces on the bathymetry. Similar results are obtained for the corresponding modes in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Slower variations in the same meridional and vertical modes of the MOC are also shown to be well simulated by a quasi-stationary solution driven by zonal wind and pressure forces.
Modular, Flexible, Low-Cost Microstructure Measurements: The Epsilometer
Authors: Le Boyer Arnaud , Alford Matthew H. , Couto Nicole , Goldin Michael , Lastuka Sean , Goheen Sara , Nguyen San , Lucas Andrew J. , Hennon Tyler D.
Published: January 2021

The Epsilometer (“epsi”) is a small (7 cm diameter × 30 cm long), low-power (0.15 W), and extremely modular microstructure package measuring thermal and kinetic energy dissipation rates, χ and ε. Both the shear probes and FP07 temperature sensors are fabricated in house following techniques developed by Michael Gregg at the Applied Physics Laboratory/University of Washington (APL/UW). Sampling eight channels (two shear, two temperature, three-axis accelerometer, and a spare for future sensors) at 24 bit precision and 325 Hz, the system can be deployed in standalone mode (battery power and recording to microSD cards) for deployment on autonomous vehicles, wave powered profilers, or it can be used with dropping body termed the “epsi-fish” for profiling from boats, autonomous surface craft or ships with electric fishing reels or other simple winches. The epsi-fish can also be used in real-time mode with the Scripps “fast CTD” winch for fully streaming, altimeter-equipped, line-powered, rapid-repeating, near-bottom shipboard profiles to 2200 m. Because this winch has a 25 ft (~7.6 m) boom deployable outboard from the ship, contamination by ship wake is reduced one to two orders of magnitude in the upper 10–15 m. The noise floor of ε profiles from the epsi-fish is ~10−10 W kg−1. This paper describes the fabrication, electronics, and characteristics of the system, and documents its performance compared to its predecessor, the APL/UW Modular Microstructure Profiler (MMP).
Incidental Laryngeal Findings on Bedside Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing in a Community Hospital Setting
Authors: Pazak James , Bhatt Neel K. , Levy Alyssa , Schick Susann , O’Dell Karla
Published: January 2021

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of laryngeal pathology found during bedside flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) in a community hospital.

Methods:

A retrospective study among patients who underwent a bedside FEES examination from May 2018 to May 2019. Criteria to perform a bedside FEES exam were patients who were identified through nursing screening swallowing evaluation and failed a bedside clinical evaluation of swallowing by a speech language pathologist. Patient demographics, recent intubation, duration of intubation, dysphonia complaints, laryngeal exam findings, consultation to otolaryngology and intervention were reviewed.

Results:

Seventy-five patients had an inpatient bedside FEES. All (100%) had subjective complaints of swallowing. 29 (38.66%) had laryngeal pathology identified on FEES examination including unilateral vocal fold immobility (9), fungal infections (6), vocal fold lesion (3), edema (3), erythema (3), vocal process granuloma (2), unilateral TVF Hemorrhage (1), unilateral TVF paresis (1), suspected superior laryngeal nerve palsy (1). Seventeen of the twenty-nine (58.6%) examinations with incidental laryngeal finding received an otolaryngology referral. Twenty-three of the twenty-nine patients with laryngeal findings (79.3%) were intubated during the hospitalization.

Conclusion:

Bedside FEES is a well-established method to evaluate swallowing function in an inpatient population. Even in a community hospital, routine FEES examinations led to a high rate of detection of clinically significant laryngeal pathology.
Spontaneous Abscess of the Posterior Nasal Septum: An Unusual Cause of Nasal Obstruction in Children
Authors: Berlucchi Marco , Tomasoni Michele , Bosio Roberta , Rampinelli Vittorio
Published: January 2021

Introduction:

Nasal septal abscess is a rare disorder in pediatric patients and is mostly diagnosed as a complication of trauma or secondary to dental or sinonasal infection.

Case Presentation:

A 10-year-old girl presented with acute nasal obstruction, otalgia, and headache. Medical history was negative; physical examination and anterior rhinoscopy did not reveal signs of acute rhinosinusitis or septal abscess.

Management and Outcome:

A thorough nasal endoscopy was performed to rule out a posterior nasal infection, revealing a bilateral posterior septal bulging, in the absence of purulent discharge. CT scan and contrast-enhanced MRI were performed, confirming the diagnosis of a spontaneous posterior septal abscess. Trans-nasal endoscopic-assisted drainage was conducted under general anesthesia. Haemophilus influenzae was detected on culture.

Discussion:

Although rare, nasal septal abscess in the pediatric age is typically anterior and secondary to local trauma or infection. Accurate medical history and anterior rhinoscopy are usually sufficient to make the diagnosis. In cases where the clinical presentation is consistent with a nasal septal abscess, with no history of recent local trauma or infection, or signs of anterior septal bulging, nasal endoscopy should be performed to rule out spontaneous posterior septal abscess. Delay in diagnosis and treatment could potentially cause the rapid onset of life-threatening complications, including intracranial abscess, meningitis, and cavernous sinus thrombosis.
From Waste to Taste: How “Ugly” Labels Can Increase Purchase of Unattractive Produce
Authors: Mookerjee Siddhanth (Sid) , Cornil Yann , Hoegg JoAndrea
Published: January 2021

Food producers and retailers throw away large amounts of perfectly edible produce that fails to meet appearance standards, contributing to the environmental issue of food waste. The authors examine why consumers discard aesthetically unattractive produce, and they test a low-cost, easy-to-implement solution: emphasizing the produce’s aesthetic flaw through “ugly” labeling (e.g., labeling cucumbers with cosmetic defects “Ugly Cucumbers” on store displays or advertising). Seven experiments, including two conducted in the field, demonstrate that “ugly” labeling corrects for consumers’ biased expectations regarding key attributes of unattractive produce—particularly tastiness—and thus increases purchase likelihood. “Ugly” labeling is most effective when associated with moderate (rather than steep) price discounts. Against managers’ intuition, it is also more effective than alternative labeling that does not exclusively point out the aesthetic flaw, such as “imperfect” labeling. This research provides clear managerial recommendations on the labeling and the pricing of unattractive produce while addressing the issue of food waste.
The idea of community and its practice: Tensions, disruptions and hope in Glasgow’s urban growing projects
Authors: Traill Helen
Published: January 2021

The question of what community comes to mean has taken on increasing significance in sociological debates and beyond, as an increasingly politicised term and the focus of new theorisations. In this context, it is increasingly necessary to ask what is meant when community is invoked. Building on recent work that positions community as a practice and an ever-present facet of human sociality, this article argues that it is necessary to consider the powerful work that community as an idea does in shaping everyday communal practices, through designating collective space and creating behavioural expectations. To do so, the article draws on participant observation and interviews from a community gardening site in Glasgow that was part of a broader research project investigating the everyday life of communality within growing spaces. This demonstrates the successes but also the difficulties of carving out communal space, and the work done by community organisations to enact it. The article draws on contemporary community theory, but also on ideas from Davina Cooper about the role of ideation in social life. It argues for a conceptual approach to communality that does not situate it as a social form or seek it in everyday practice, but instead considers the vacillation between the ideation and practices of community: illustrated here in a designated community place. In so doing, this approach calls into focus the frictions and boundaries produced in that process, and questions the limits of organisational inclusivity.
Contribution of Interventional Radiologist in the Management of Pseudoaneurysm and Neck Hemorrhages in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Zhang Norbert , Lechien Jérôme R. , Martinez Valéria , Carlier Robert-Yves , El Hajjam Mostafa
Published: January 2021

Patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may have endothelial inflammation, pseudoaneurysm, and an increasing risk of bleeding, especially during surgical procedures. In this article, we reported 2 cases of COVID-19 patients with neck vascular lesions. The first patient had pseudoaneurysm of the cricothyroid artery, which was treated by percutaneous glue injection through ultrasonography guidance. The second patient presented lateral neck hematoma in front of the left superior thyroid artery, which was managed by coil endovascular embolization. In the context of pandemic, the management of vascular lesions may be performed through interventional radiological procedures that may reduce the risk of virus aerosolization and health care provider contamination.
Maternal achievement-oriented psychological control: Implications for adolescent academic contingent self-esteem and mathematics anxiety
Authors: Ching Boby Ho-Hong , Wu Hannah Xiaohan , Chen Tiffany Ting
Published: January 2021

Using random intercept cross-lagged panel analysis, this study examined the longitudinal relations of mathematics anxiety to maternal achievement-oriented psychological control and academic contingent self-esteem in 336 Chinese adolescents from the age of 13 to 17. Results showed that, at the between-person level, adolescents who perceived their mothers as more psychologically controlling in achievement domains over time were also the ones with higher levels of academic contingent self-esteem and mathematics anxiety, compared with other adolescents. Our within-person analyses are in line with the within-person hypotheses that underline self-determination theory: adolescents’ perceptions of maternal achievement-oriented psychological control were linked to mathematics anxiety through academic contingent self-esteem. We also found that the association between maternal achievement-oriented psychological control and mathematics anxiety was bidirectional, which supports the transactional perspective of parental influence. This study contributes to the literature by elucidating potential processes and reciprocal associations involved in parental psychological control, academic contingent self-esteem, and mathematics anxiety.
Does diet play a role in the prevention and management of depression among adolescents? A narrative review
Authors: Chopra Chandni , Mandalika Subhadra , Kinger Narendra
Published: January 2021

Background:

Depression is one of the major causes of illness and disability, while suicide is the second leading cause of death amongst adolescents. Although many factors determine the mental health of an individual, diet has been gaining popularity as a key modifiable factor in the prevention and management of depression. Nutritional Psychiatry is an emerging field where researchers suggest that the food we consume influences our mental well-being.

Aim:

This review aims to explore the significance of diet, nutrient deficiencies, imbalances, and unhealthy dietary patterns in the prevention and management of unipolar depression or major depressive disorder among adolescents.

Methods:

Electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and MEDLINE were searched using keywords such as “mental health,” “depression,” “adolescents,” “diet,” “dietary pattern,” and pertinent articles ( N = 68) were retrieved and reviewed.

Results:

The Mediterranean and traditional diets rich in complex carbohydrates, omega-3 fatty acids, B-group vitamins and several amino acids have shown negative correlation with the incidence of depression. On the other hand, Western dietary patterns (sweetened beverages, processed/ junk food, and foods rich in saturated fatty acids), along with low consumption of fruits and vegetables have been linked to an increased risk of depression among adolescents.

Conclusion:

Dietary modification can prove to be a cost-effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of depression among adolescents. Diet and nutrition need to be recognized as key modifiable targets for the prevention of mental disorders and nutritional medicine should be considered as an integral part of psychiatric treatment.
The role of relational worry due to COVID-19 in the links between video chat apprehension, loneliness, and adhering to CDC guidelines
Authors: Curran Timothy , Seiter John S.
Published: January 2021

In light of common recommendations to connect with others through video chatting during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study examined how video chat apprehension relates to two health concerns: loneliness and adherence to CDC guidelines. We also examined how relational worry due to COVID-19 mediates these paths. Data were collected via MTurk from 467 people in the United States. The results showed that video chat apprehension related to increased worry about maintaining personal relationships, which in turn related to increased loneliness and decreased adherence to CDC guidelines. This investigation makes a contribution to understanding the links between personal relationships and both mental well-being and health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Treatment of middle aortic syndrome with thoraco-abdominal aortic bypass grafting assisted by endoscope in adult
Authors: Li Chuntian , Mao Xin , Zhao Xu , Liu Guiqing , Xu Gang , Liu Yang , Yang Yanmiao , Wang Hui , Wang Feng
Published: January 2021

Middle aortic syndrome (MAS) is a rare disease characterized by distal thoracic aorta or abdominal aorta coarctation, and thoraco-abdominal aortic bypass grafting is an effective treatment for this condition. However, significant trauma is associated with the conventional surgical approach. We report a 26-year-old woman with MAS who presented with hypertension and needed thoraco-abdominal bypass grafting. In this operation, we adopted the endoscopic technique to improve the conventional surgical approach (reduce the incision). This case report shows that it is safe and feasible to use an endoscopic technique to reduce the trauma during this kind of operation, and provides a reference for similar treatments.
Microfoundations approach to strategic agility – Exploration to operationalization
Authors: Sampath Gayathri , Bhattacharyya Som Sekhar , Krishnamoorthy Bala
Published: January 2021

Strategic agility (SA) has become an established construct in strategic management literature. SA has been an existential element in firms for superior firm responsiveness towards market requirements. The presence of SA in organizations resulted in achieving competitive superiority. However, there has been dearth of literature regarding the enablers of SA in organizations. The authors explored this based upon an exploratory study by anchoring the study in the banking industry, which was witnessing dynamic shifts in both the operating environment and the industry landscape. The research purpose was to build a process level understanding of SA through microfoundation approach. Data were collected from 34 expert bankers. Using content analysis technique, the researchers found 11 microfoundations. The two meta-capabilities of SA were strategic sensitivity and resource fluidity. Identification of these microfoundations would help managers to promote organizational SA and undertake effective and sustainable firm initiatives towards market response.
Drum breach: Operational temporalities, error politics and WIPP’s kitty litter nuclear waste accident
Authors: Ialenti Vincent
Published: January 2021

In February 2014 at the WIPP transuranic waste repository in New Mexico, a drum erupted in fire. It exposed 22 people to radiation, shut down the underground facility for 35 months and cost the United States over a billion dollars. Heat and pressure had built up in the drum due to chemical reactions with an organic kitty litter, Swheat Scoop, which had been mistakenly added to it at Los Alamos National Laboratory, the birthplace of the atomic bomb. This article disrupts two prominent narratives: (a) that the accident was induced by a typographical error made after a waste packaging operations supervisor misheard ‘inorganic kitty litter’ as ‘an organic kitty litter’ during a meeting, and (b) that it was induced primarily by ‘mismanagement’ at WIPP, Los Alamos and the DOE’s New Mexico field offices. It does so by exploring how a series of overambitious political initiatives, fraught labor relationships, financialized subcontracting arrangements and US Department of Energy (DOE) performance incentives set the stage for Los Alamos’s notorious error by accelerating US waste packaging, shipping and repository emplacement rates beyond systemic capacity. Attention to operational temporalities shows how an often-overlooked nexus of schedule pressures, political-economic imperatives and regulatory breakdowns converged to modulate nuclear waste management workflows and, ultimately, trigger a radiological accident.
Distribution of Bone Contusion Patterns in Acute Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Torn Knees
Authors: Kim-Wang Sophia Y. , Scribani Melissa B. , Whiteside Michael B. , DeFrate Louis E. , Lassiter Tally E. , Wittstein Jocelyn R.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Bone contusions are commonly observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in individuals who have sustained a noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Time from injury to image acquisition affects the ability to visualize these bone contusions, as contusions resolve with time.

Purpose:

To quantify the number of bone contusions and their locations (lateral tibial plateau [LTP], lateral femoral condyle [LFC], medial tibial plateau [MTP], and medial femoral condyle [MFC]) observed on MRI scans of noncontact ACL-injured knees acquired within 6 weeks of injury.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed clinic notes, operative notes, and imaging of 136 patients undergoing ACL reconstruction. The following exclusion criteria were applied: MRI scans acquired beyond 6 weeks after injury, contact ACL injury, and previous knee trauma. Fat-suppressed fast spin-echo T2-weighted MRI scans were reviewed by a blinded musculoskeletal radiologist. The number of contusions and their locations (LTP, LFC, MTP, and MFC) were recorded.

Results:

Contusions were observed in 135 of 136 patients. Eight patients (6%) had 1 contusion, 39 (29%) had 2, 41 (30%) had 3, and 47 (35%) had 4. The most common contusion patterns within each of these groups were 6 (75%) with LTP for 1 contusion, 29 (74%) with LTP/LFC for 2 contusions, 33 (80%) with LTP/LFC/MTP for 3 contusions, and 47 (100%) with LTP/LFC/MTP/MFC for 4 contusions. No sex differences were detected in contusion frequency in the 4 locations ( P > .05). Among the participants, 50 (37%) had medial meniscal tears and 52 (38%) had lateral meniscal tears.

Conclusion:

The most common contusion patterns observed were 4 locations (LTP/LFC/MTP/MFC) and 3 locations (LTP/LFC/MTP).
Urban strategies evaluation for waste management in coastal areas in the framework of area metabolism
Authors: Voukkali Irene , Loizia Pantelisa , Navarro Pedreño Jose , Zorpas Antonis A.
Published: January 2021

Europe is considered one of the most attractive and safe prevalent tourist destinations in the entire world. Approximately half (47.4%) of European tourist visits occurred in coastal regions, defined “on the basis of and consist of local administrative units or municipalities that border the sea, or have at least half of their total surface area within a distance of 10 km from the sea.” Destinations such as Malta, Greece, Cyprus, Spain and Croatia presented with an increased level of tourist accommodation establishments, as well as, the overall flow of tourism in the European Union is mostly concentrated on Mediterranean coastal regions (as nine out 10 tourists, in 2015, spent their holidays at coastal areas). This paper, is dealing with the assessment of a tourist area and how the concept of urban metabolism has been affected by touristic activities. Moreover, this research using several key performance indicators such as waste compositional analysis, the clean coast index, the accumulation rate, and accumulation index, etc., tries to measure the level of environmental performance, and furthermore, to assess the existing infrastructures and the waste management plan, that are being implemented. The results are very useful, for any policy-maker, as well as competent authorities and/or tourist organizations which are dealing with tourist activities and aim to propose or re-schedule any waste strategy targeting the goals of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, European Green Deal, and the new circular economy strategy.
Social Media Filter Use and Interest to Pursue Cosmetic Facial Plastic Procedures
Authors: Varman Rahul M. , Van Spronsen Nicole , Ivos Mia , Demke Joshua
Published: January 2021

Our aim was to explore the effect of social media face-altering programs on desire for subsequent facial plastic procedures. This was a cross-sectional survey study in two cities, incorporating participants ages 18 to 29 in undergraduate and graduate programs. Demographic and social media–specific factors were descriptively and quantitatively analyzed. Total respondents were n = 398. The use of face-enhancing Instagram filters was associated with subsequent desire to undergo facial plastic procedures (chi-square = 5.04, p < .05). History of prior psychiatric diagnosis was also independently associated with a desire to undergo facial plastic procedures (chi-square = 7.34, p < .05). The use of face-altering software on social media has a significant association with subsequent desire to undergo facial cosmetic procedures. Comorbid psychiatric disorders also independently have a significant effect on the desire to pursue such procedures. Continued studies and elucidation of these factors may benefit the facial plastic surgeon for appropriate counseling and management to optimize patient outcomes.
Prevalence and Social Inequality in Experiences of Domestic Abuse Among Mothers of Young Children: A Study Using National Survey Data from Scotland
Authors: Skafida Valeria , Morrison Fiona , Devaney John
Published: January 2021

Domestic abuse is a pernicious societal issue that has both short- and long-term consequences for those who are victimized. Research points to motherhood being linked to women’s victimization, with pregnancy being a particular point of risk. Across UK jurisdictions, new legislation aims to extend the criminalization of domestic abuse to include coercive control. Less clear is the relationship between mothers’ victimization of different “types” of abuse and other factors such as age, socioeconomic status, and level of education. The article makes an original contribution to knowledge by addressing these limitations of the existing literature. Using nationally representative data from a Scottish longitudinal survey ( N = 3,633) into children’s development this article investigates the social stratification of mothers’ exposure to different types of abuse, including coercive control, physical abuse, and threats. Overall, 14% of mothers report experiencing any type of domestic abuse since the birth of the study child (age 6), of which 7% experienced physical abuse. Compared to mothers in the highest income households, mothers in the lowest income quintile were far more likely to experience any form of abuse (Logistic Regression, OR = 3.55), more likely to have experienced more types of abuse and to have experienced these more often ( OR = 5.54). Age had a protective effect, with mothers aged 20 or younger at most risk of abuse ( OR = 2.60 compared to mothers aged 40+). Interaction effects between age and income suggested that an intersectional lens may help explain the cumulative layers of difficulty which young mothers on low incomes may find themselves in when it comes to abusive partners. The pattern of social stratification remained the same when comparing different types of abuse. Mothers of boys were more likely to experience abuse, and to experience more types of abuse, more often. We reflect on how these findings could inform existing policy interventions.
Measurement Invariance of the Sexual Assault Script Scale (SASS): An Examination Among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White College Women
Authors: Yeater Elizabeth A. , Vitek Kristen N. , Ross Ryan S. , Blackwell Meredith , Witkiewitz Katie , Leiting Kari
Published: January 2021

Rates of sexual victimization have remained steady over several decades, and preventative interventions to reduce men’s sexually aggressive behavior have been largely ineffective. As such, research has endeavored to find novel approaches to identify women at increased risk for sexual victimization. Sexual assault scripts, or “cognitive models” that women adhere to that guide their beliefs about sexual assault are posited to influence their victimization risk. Prior studies on sexual assault scripts primarily have been qualitative in nature; however, recent work yielded a 27-item measure of putative risk for sexual victimization called the Sexual Assault Script Scale (SASS). The SASS has four subscales called Stereotypical Assault Scripts, Acquaintance Assault Scripts, Assault Resistance Scripts, and Date/Friend Assault Scripts, which were found in prior work to be internally consistent and associated with putative risk factors for sexual victimization. The focus of the current study was to test the measurement invariance of the SASS among Hispanic and non-Hispanic White college women who were recruited in the prior study. Four hundred sixty-nine ( N = 469) Hispanic and 415 non-Hispanic White US undergraduate heterosexual or bisexual women from a Southwestern university in the United States completed the SASS. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) replicated the prior four-factor model with an acceptable fit to the data, and tests of measurement invariance revealed the SASS to be invariant across Hispanic and non-Hispanic White college women, suggesting that the SASS is measuring a similar construct in these groups.
Anti-Smoking Media Campaigns and Disparities in Smoking Cessation in the United States, 2001-2015
Authors: Colston David C. , Cho Beomyoung , Thrasher James F. , Titus Andrea R. , Xie Yanmei , Emery Sherry , Elliott Michael R. , Fleischer Nancy L.
Published: January 2021

Purpose:

To evaluate sociodemographic differences in the relationship between state and national anti-smoking media campaigns and cessation behaviors among adult smokers in the U.S.

Design:

Repeated cross-sectional analysis.

Setting:

U.S. nationally representative survey of adults ages 18 and older, 2001-2015.

Subjects:

76,278 year-ago smokers from the 2001-2015 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey.

Measures:

Area-level exposure to State-sponsored and “Tips from former smokers” anti-tobacco media campaigns was the primary predictor of this study. Outcome variables included: quit attempt in the past 12 months, past 30-day smoking cessation, and past 90-day smoking cessation among year-ago smokers.

Analysis:

We conducted modified Poisson regression models to examine the association between media campaign exposure and cessation behaviors. We also examined effect modification on the additive scale by sex, race/ethnicity, income, and education using average marginal effects.

Results:

Year-ago smokers with greater exposure to media campaigns were more likely to report 30-day (Prevalence Ratio [PR]: 1.18, CI: 1.03, 1.36) and 90-day cessation (PR: 1.18, CI: 1.00, 1.41) compared to respondents with less campaign exposure. We found no evidence of effect modification by sociodemographic variables.

Conclusion:

Exposure to anti-smoking media campaigns were associated with year-ago smokers’ cessation behaviors. However, there were no differences in the association by sex, race/ethnicity, income, or education, indicating that broadly focused media campaigns may be insufficient to reduce smoking cessation among priority populations, and thus health disparities generally.
Smartphone monitoring of in-ambulance vibration and noise
Authors: Partridge Tom , Gherman Lorelei , Morris David , Light Roger , Leslie Andrew , Sharkey Don , McNally Donal , Crowe John
Published: January 2021

Transferring sick premature infants between hospitals increases the risk of severe brain injury, potentially linked to the excessive exposure to noise, vibration and driving-related accelerations. One method of reducing these levels may be to travel along smoother and quieter roads at an optimal speed, however this requires mass data on the effect of roads on the environment within ambulances. An app for the Android operating system has been developed for the purpose of recording vibration, noise levels, location and speed data during ambulance journeys. Smartphone accelerometers were calibrated using sinusoidal excitation and the microphones using calibrated pink noise. Four smartphones were provided to the local neonatal transport team and mounted on their neonatal transport systems to collect data. Repeatability of app recordings was assessed by comparing 37 journeys, made during the study period, along an 8.5 km single carriageway. The smartphones were found to have an accelerometer accurate to 5% up to 55 Hz and microphone accurate to 0.8 dB up to 80 dB. Use of the app was readily adopted by the neonatal transport team, recording more than 97,000 km of journeys in 1 year. To enable comparison between journeys, the 8.5 km route was split into 10 m segments. Interquartile ranges for vehicle speed, vertical acceleration and maximum noise level were consistent across all segments (within 0.99 m . s−1, 0.13 m · s−2 and 1.4 dB, respectively). Vertical accelerations registered were representative of the road surface. Noise levels correlated with vehicle speed. Android smartphones are a viable method of accurate mass data collection for this application. We now propose to utilise this approach to reduce potential harmful exposure, from vibration and noise, by routing ambulances along the most comfortable roads.