bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling the chloride transport in concrete from microstructure generation to chloride diffusivity prediction
Authors: Tong Liang‐yu , Liu Qing‐feng , Xiong Qingxiang , Meng Zhaozheng , Amiri Ouali , Zhang Mingzhong
Published: August 2024

Pore structure characteristics of cementitious materials play a critical role in the transport properties of concrete structures. This paper develops a novel framework for modeling chloride penetration in concrete, considering the pore structure‐dependent model parameters. In the framework, a multi‐scale transport model was derived by linking the chloride diffusivities with pore size distributions (PSDs). Based on the three‐dimensional (3D) microstructure generated by “porous growth” and “hard core‐soft shell” methods, two sub‐models were computationally developed for determining the multi‐modal PSDs and pore size‐related chloride diffusivities. The predicted results by these series of models were compared with corresponding experimental data. The results indicated that by adopting pore size‐related diffusivities, even if the total porosities were the same, the proposed multi‐scale chloride transport model could better capture the effect of different PSDs on chloride penetration profiles, while the model without pore structure‐depended parameters would ignore the differences. Compared with the reference transport models, which adopt averaged chloride diffusivities, the chloride penetration depths predicted by the proposed multi‐scale model are in better agreement with experimental data, with 10%–25% reduced prediction error. This multi‐scale transport model is hoped to provide a novel computational approach on 3D microstructure generation and better reveal the underlying mechanism of the chloride penetration process in concrete from a microscopic perspective.
Losing control: REF 2029 and the downgrading of academic outputs
Authors: Gandy Matthew
Published: August 2024

In June 2023 UKRI (UK Research and Innovation) announced that the contribution of research outputs to the next REF (Research Excellence Framework) exercise will be radically reduced. In addition, the link between individuals and research publications is to be replaced by a more generic emphasis on ‘research culture’. In this commentary I argue that this change in policy poses a significant threat to the legitimacy of the entire process and will endanger the kind of individual scholarship that is typical within much of the social sciences and the humanities.
Development of Camera System for Monitoring Robotic Polishers
Authors: Nagamine Kota , Mori Kotaro , Kono Daisuke , Beaucamp Anthony
Published: August 2024

Industrial robots have been in increasing demand in recent years, although their lower positioning accuracy and velocity controllability (compared to CNC machine tools) makes it difficult to adopt them in machining processes such as milling. However, precision polishing using compliant tools, fluid jets, etc., belongs to the class of time-dependent processes where the amount of material removed depends on the surface feed rate of tool influence on the workpiece. Therefore, there is a possibility to maintain high accuracy even when using industrial robots, so long as the velocity profile is well predicted. In this paper, the attitude and motion of an industrial robot tool center point is estimated using a stereoscopic high-speed camera setup. 3 light markers are mounted above a fluid jet polishing nozzle attached to the robot end-effector. Their positional relationship to the tool center point is ascertained by collecting posture data while maintaining a precision ball at a fixed location with an R-test device. Next, raster paths are generated and the robot motion is recorded with the cameras. This data is used to predict the surface profile to be generated when polishing a BK7 optical window. Actual polishing confirms a good correlation, within 10 nanometers, between measured and predicted material removal.
Effect of Thermal Load on Specific Energy Consumption in Heavy-Duty Cutting
Authors: Mori Kotaro
Published: August 2024

Energy efficiency is an important issue in recent manufacturing. Previous studies reported that specific energy consumption (SEC) improves with a higher material removal rate (MRR). However, they did not consider the effect of cooling energy required during machining. This study presents a method to calculate the SEC that considers the heat generated by the machining loads by combining the SEC that is measured by short-time experiments without considering the heat generation and that considering the output characteristics of the cooling system obtained by the preliminary experiments. The calculated results were applied to analyze the effect of cooling on SEC in heavy-duty cutting. The results indicate that the cooling energy does not affect the power-law model much in the case of the investigated machine, while a slight difference is observed in the high MRR range. Even at an MRR of 100,000 mm3/min, the difference in SEC with and without considering cooling energy is less than 10%. However, differences may not be negligible in older machines with low efficiency.
Geometric Error Identification Method for Swiss-Type Automatic Lathe by Using Reference Sphere and Displacement Sensor
Authors: Kawai Ryota , Sato Ryuta
Published: August 2024

Accuracy of machined parts are deteriorated due to geometric errors between axes in five-axis machine tools. Therefore, many research works have been carried out to identify and compensate the geometric errors. Swiss-type automatic lathes are widely applied to machine small parts with complex shapes. Although many geometric errors exist in Swiss-type automatic lathes, conventional measurement methods cannot evaluate geometric accuracy due to small working space of the automatic lathes. In addition, the influence of geometric errors onto machining accuracy has not been clarified. In this study, a mathematical model with geometric errors of a Seiss-type automatic lathe that represents the tool tip position in the workpiece coordinate system is developed. The correctness of the model has confirmed through comparing the simulated machined grooves and real ones. A method to identify the geometric errors using a reference sphere and a displacement sensor is also developed based on the model and measurement tests are carried out. As a result, it is confirmed that five geometric errors can be identified by three different measurement methods. It is also confirmed that the measured deviation by the displacement sensor can be decreased by adjusting the coordinate offset parameters on NC controller. Machined shape of the grooves are also be improved by the parameter adjustment based on the identified geometric errors.
Geometric Simulation of 5-Axis Machining With Descrete Placement of Tool Models
Authors: Inui Masatomo , Iuchi Shogo , Umezu Nobuyuki
Published: August 2024

This study reports on the development of a geometric simulation method for 5-axis machining that eliminates the need for tool swept volume in the calculation. This method repeatedly subtracts the tool shape model, which gradually changes its position and posture along the cutter path, from the workpiece model to obtain the workpiece shape after machining. This method was commonly used in early machining simulation software, but had a disadvantage that the tool spacing had to be sufficiently small to obtain accurate results, leading to high computational costs. The current research differs from previous studies in three key aspects: (1) it leverages the parallel processing function of the graphics processing unit to achieve high processing speeds, (2) it clarifies the relationship between tool spacing and calculation accuracy to achieve optimal tool placement, and (3) it employs a highly accurate polyhedral representation of the tool shape to realize a general-purpose method that can be applied to any cutting tools.
Nonlinear Modeling of Ball Rolling Motion on a Horizontal Surface for Improving Grasp-Less Handling by Applying Rolling Friction Torque
Authors: Hanai Hiroaki , Yuma Mita , Wada Yuiga , Nakagawa Masao , Hirogaki Toshiki , Aoyama Eiichi
Published: August 2024

In this study, rolling friction was applied to model the rolling motion of a ball on a horizontal surface to achieve grasp-less handling operation with a dual-arm SCARA robot. The rolling friction acts in the direction that prevents the ball from rolling, i.e., in the direction opposite to the angular velocity. Here, rolling friction is a torque, i.e., rolling friction torque. In the model without rolling friction torque, the ball moves relative to the plate no matter how small the acceleration of the plate on the horizontal plane. This is different from the real phenomenon. Rolling friction torque is applied to the rolling motion of a ball on a horizontal plane in a form that allows for a frequency response.
Ball End Milling and Cutting-Force Monitoring of Small Number of Circular Arc Tooth Gears by 4-Axis-Controlled Machining Center
Authors: Yang Zhiming , Tanaka Kaito , Nakagawa Masao , Hirogaki Toshiki , Aoyama Eiichi
Published: August 2024

Improving gear accuracy in advanced machinery and equipment, such as automobiles and airplanes, has become increasingly important in recent years. To realize a compact and energy-efficient transmission, gear pairs with high gear ratios are required. Although the worm gear has the lowest number of teeth, a pinion gear is a more efficient reduction gear for power transmission. Moreover, the pinion gear with fewer teeth allows for a larger reduction ratio. Employing a pinion gear when designing the electric actuator of vehicles has several advantages. The high power-transfer efficiency of the pinion gear enables the vehicle to achieve the same power with a reduced motor and actuator size. In addition, the use of smaller motors improves the power efficiency and thereby reduces the amount of power required to operate the actuator. In high-precision gear manufacturing, small-number gear-cutting end milling is gaining attention as an essential machining method. Particularly, for precisely machining small number of teeth, the 4-axis-controlled Robodrill is more widely used than the 5-axis-controlled Robodrill, although they are more expensive.
Efficient Fault Detection in Bearings: Synergizing Transformer Adaptations With Convolutional Kernel
Authors: Zhou Qianyu , Tang Jiong
Published: August 2024

Efficient and accurate bearing fault diagnosis and prognostics are crucial for predictive maintenance in industrial settings. Deep learning approaches have significantly advanced the field of time series classification, bringing powerful models to the forefront of prognostic and health management. Despite these advancements, current methods, including conventional Transformer models, encounter specific limitations with computational efficiency and the effective processing of long sequences. Addressing these challenges, our research presents an optimized Transformer-based model tailored for surmounting these hurdles, enhancing efficiency and ensuring high performance. By eschewing the traditional decoder in favor of an encoder-only architecture, our model capitalizes on the encoder’s ability to distill contextual information from sensor data. Enhanced with random convolutional kernel transform (ROCKET) for its exceptional feature extraction in time sequences and refined through principal component analysis (PCA) for dimensionality reduction, the proposed approach significantly boosts model efficiency, markedly trimming training duration, while achieving an exemplary accuracy of 99.10% on the benchmark bearing dataset. The proven efficiency and outstanding performance of our model hold significant promise for real-time predictive maintenance, offering a powerful tool for prompt and accurate fault detection.
An Improved Method for Job Shop Scheduling by Means of Machine Learning and Mathematical Optimization
Authors: Morinaga Eiji , Oda Atsuya
Published: August 2024

This paper is concerned with solving a job shop scheduling problem (JSSP) optimally in a shorter time by predicting a good solution based on a database of scheduling performed previously and then providing it as an initial solution in the optimization algorithm. Although several methods based on this framework have been developed, they have a problem that a considerable time is required for building learners. For reduction of learning time, an improved method using multiclass classification is provided in this paper. By numerical evaluation, it was shown that the learners in the proposed method can be built in a considerably shorter time than the previous method when the same hyperparameters are used. But, from the point of view of solution time, a clear advantage could not be confirmed. Further investigation considering accuracy of the learners and appropriate settings of hyperparameters will be performed in a future work.
A Recurrent Neural Network Enhanced Unscented Kalman Filter for Human Motion Prediction
Authors: Liu Wansong , Tian Sibo , Hu Boyi , Liang Xiao , Zheng Minghui
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a deep learning enhanced adaptive unscented Kalman filter (UKF) for predicting human arm motion in the context of manufacturing. Unlike previous network-based methods that solely rely on captured human motion data, which is represented as bone vectors in this paper, we incorporate a human arm dynamic model into the motion prediction algorithm and use the UKF to iteratively forecast human arm motions. Specifically, a Lagrangian-mechanics-based physical model is employed to correlate arm motions with associated muscle forces. Then a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) is integrated into the framework to predict future muscle forces, which are transferred back to future arm motions based on the dynamic model. Given the absence of measurement data for future human motions that can be input into the UKF to update the state, we integrate another RNN to directly predict human future motions and treat the prediction as surrogate measurement data fed into the UKF. A noteworthy aspect of this study involves the quantification of uncertainties associated with both the data-driven and physical models in one unified framework. These quantified uncertainties are used to dynamically adapt the measurement and process noises of the UKF over time. This adaption, driven by the uncertainties of the RNN models, addresses inaccuracies stemming from the data-driven model and mitigates discrepancies between the assumed and true physical models, ultimately enhancing the accuracy and robustness of our predictions. One unique point of our method is that it integrates a dynamic model of human arms and two RNN models, and uses Monte Carlo dropout sampling to quantify the uncertainties inherent in our RNN prediction models and transforms them into the covariances of the UKF’s measurement and process noises respectively. Compared to the traditional RNN-based prediction, our method demonstrates improved accuracy and robustness in extensive experimental validations of various types of human motions.
Digital Fringe Projection for Interlayer Print Defect Characterization in Directed Energy Deposition
Authors: Hu Guanzhong , Zha Rujing , Wang Yaoke , Cao Jian , Guo Ping
Published: August 2024

Directed Energy Deposition (DED) is one of the main additive manufacturing (AM) families, enabling the fabrication of multi-material parts with high material addition rates. However, the incremental nature of DED fabrication makes it prone to local defect formation due to process condition fluctuations. Known for its rapid and precise 3D surface measurement capabilities, digital fringe projection (DFP) was previously demonstrated in process monitoring for powder bed AM. This study brings DFP to the DED process through development of a custom motor stage system and validates its effectiveness in assessing surface topography and build height measurement. Measurements were taken on both correctly deposited builds and builds with off-nominal deposition conditions, where the system was able to detect pitting as small as 0.425 mm in the lateral size and 0.154 mm in depth in the case of reduced laser energy. This work paves the way for future machine learning-enabled interlayer defect identification, classification, and healing via altering subsequent processing settings.
New Damaeidae (Acari, Oribatida) from Ethiopia
Authors: Ermilov Sergey G. , Kolesnikov Vasiliy , Rybalov Leonid
Published: August 2024

Two new species of oribatid mites (Oribatida) of the family Damaeidae are described, based on adults collected from litter in the wet highland locality in Bale Mountains National Park, southeastern Ethiopia. Coronabelba adiscidialis Ermilov & Kolesnikov sp. nov. differs from the other species of the genus by larger body size, long, rod-like bothridial seta, truncated interlamellar seta, the location of dorsal notogastral setae on the slightly developed tubercles, the presence of 10 setae on leg femur I, and the absence of discidium. Metabelbella baleensis Ermilov & Kolesnikov sp. nov. differs from the other species of the genus by the larger body size, comparatively large tubercle-like parastigmatic tubercle Sa shifted in the epimeral region, and the presence of long, straight thorn-like dorsal notogastral setae. Identification keys to the known species of Coronabelba and Metabelbella are provided.
In situ observations of large-amplitude Alfvén waves heating and accelerating the solar wind
Authors: Rivera Yeimy J. , Badman Samuel T. , Stevens Michael L. , Verniero Jaye L. , Stawarz Julia E. , Shi Chen , Raines Jim M. , Paulson Kristoff W. , Owen Christopher J. , Niembro Tatiana , Louarn Philippe , Livi Stefano A. , Lepri Susan T. , Kasper Justin C. , Horbury Timothy S. , Halekas Jasper S. , Dewey Ryan M. , De Marco Rossana , Bale Stuart D.
Published: August 2024

After leaving the Sun’s corona, the solar wind continues to accelerate and cools, but more slowly than expected for a freely expanding adiabatic gas. Alfvén waves are perturbations of the interplanetary magnetic field that transport energy. We use in situ measurements from the Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter spacecraft to investigate a stream of solar wind as it traverses the inner heliosphere. The observations show heating and acceleration of the plasma between the outer edge of the corona and near the orbit of Venus, along with the presence of large-amplitude Alfvén waves. We calculate that the damping and mechanical work performed by the Alfvén waves are sufficient to power the heating and acceleration of the fast solar wind in the inner heliosphere.
A unified flow strategy for the preparation and use of trifluoromethyl-heteroatom anions
Authors: Spennacchio Mauro , Bernús Miguel , Stanić Jelena , Mazzarella Daniele , Colella Marco , Douglas James J. , Boutureira Omar , Noël Timothy
Published: August 2024

The trifluoromethyl group (CF
3
) is a key functionality in pharmaceutical and agrochemical development, greatly enhancing the efficacy and properties of resulting compounds. However, attaching the CF
3
group to heteroatoms such as sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen poses challenges because of the lack of general synthetic methods and reliance on bespoke reagents. Here, we present a modular flow platform that streamlines the synthesis of heteroatom-CF
3
motifs. Our method uses readily available organic precursors in combination with cesium fluoride as the primary fluorine source, facilitating the rapid generation of
N
-trifluoromethyl(R) [NCF
3
(R)], SCF
3
(trifluoromethylthio), and OCF
3
(trifluoromethoxy) anions on demand without reliance on perfluoroalkyl precursor reagents. This strategy offers a more environmentally friendly synthesis of trifluoromethyl(heteroatom)–containing molecules, with the potential for scalability in manufacturing processes facilitated by flow technology.
Sinking seaweed
Authors: Cornwall Warren
Published: August 2024

An ambitious strategy aims to cool the planet by dumping farmed seaweed on the sea floor. Will it work?
Synthetic biology startups face a ‘reckoning’
Authors: Service Robert F.
Published: August 2024

Three big firms falter, but startups find niches in pharma and other small-volume markets
A sustainability science prize—reserved, so far, for men
Authors: Wadman Meredith
Published: August 2024

Does new Frontiers Planet Prize—with its millions—perpetuate old inequities?
The effect of riffle restoration on the recovery of endangered Nooksack Dace (Rhinichthys cataractae sp. cataractae)
Authors: Gray John , Rosenfeld Jordan , Pearson Mike , Colletti Kay , Ross Jeremy
Published: August 2024

The Nooksack Dace ( Rhinichthys cataractae sp. cataractae) is a federally endangered riffle specialist endemic to the lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia, Canada, with historic population declines associated with riffle loss from stream dredging, channelization, and excessive sediment inputs. To assess the effectiveness of riffle restoration as a recovery strategy, gravel and cobble riffles were constructed in two replicate tributaries of the Nooksack River as a before-after-control-impact experiment, measuring dace abundance, substrate composition, and invertebrate biomass before and one year after restoration. Nooksack Dace density increased significantly in cobble (but not gravel) treatments relative to control riffles. Dace abundance was strongly associated with increased availability of interstitial refuges rather than substrate effects on invertebrate prey abundance, suggesting that interstitial space limits adult dace abundance. Young-of-the-year dace were not observed in one of the two restored streams despite riffle restoration, indicating increased dace density due to aggregation in higher-quality restored riffles. This recruitment limitation indicates persistence of a population bottleneck at an early life history stage that is not addressed by successful restoration of adult riffle habitat.
Symbolic Interpretation of Trained Neural Network Ensembles
Authors: Chakraborty Manomita
Published: August 2024

Symbolically representing the knowledge acquired by a neural network is a profound endeavor aimed at illuminating the latent information embedded within the network. The literature offers a multitude of algorithms dedicated to extracting symbolic classification rules from neural networks. While some excel in producing highly accurate rules, others specialize in generating rules that are easily comprehensible. Nevertheless, only a scant few algorithms manage to strike a harmonious balance between comprehensibility and accuracy. One such exemplary technique is the Rule Extraction from Neural Network Using Classified and Misclassified Data (RxNCM) algorithm, which adeptly generates straightforward and precise rules outlining input data ranges with commendable accuracy. This article endeavors to enhance the classification performance of the RxNCM algorithm by leveraging ensemble technique. Ensembles, a burgeoning field, focus on augmenting classifier performance by harnessing the strengths of individual classifiers. Extraction of rules through neural network ensembles is relatively underexplored, this paper bridges the gap by introducing the Rule extraction using Neural Network Ensembles (RENNE) algorithm. RENNE is designed to refine the classification rules derived from the RxNCM algorithm through ensemble strategy. Specifically, RENNE leverages patterns correctly predicted by an ensemble of neural networks during the rule generation process. The efficacy of the algorithm is validated using seven datasets sourced from the UCI repository. The outcomes indicate that the proposed RENNE algorithm outperforms the RxNCM algorithm in terms of performance.
Dempster-Shafer Theory in Recommender Systems: A Survey
Authors: Belmessous Khadidja , Sebbak Faouzi , Mataoui M’hamed , Senouci Mustapha Reda , Cherifi Walid
Published: August 2024

Due to the limitations associated with the use of a single type of data during the recommendation process, recent research has focused on developing new fusion-based recommenders that make use of multiple heterogeneous sources of information to provide more accurate suggestions. However, the realistic and flexible methods available to users for expressing their preferences for products and services inherently generate uncertain, imperfect, and ambiguous data that feed recommenders and thus affect their accuracy. As a result, Recommender Systems (RS) make significant use of soft mathematical tools to deal with uncertainty. Among these tools is Dempster-Shafer Theory (DST), which has been shown to be effective at dealing with the inherent uncertainty in numerous applications. This article provides a survey of the use of DST in the RS field. Thus, after a brief introduction to recommender systems and the DST, this survey discusses recent DST applications in RS. It introduces a new taxonomy that encompasses the primary application context for DST-based RS solutions, as well as a comprehensive multi-criteria analysis of the peer-reviewed papers. The resulting comparisons are analyzed to draw conclusions, identify current study limitations, and define future research directions. This survey serves as a valuable resource for the entire research community that is interested in recommender systems and DST.
On the Constant Partition Dimension of Some Generalized Families of Toeplitz Graph
Authors: Koam Ali N. A. , Ahmad Ali , Alatawi Maryam Salem , Khalil Adnan , Azeem Muhammad
Published: August 2024

The use of graph theory is prevalent in the field of network design, whereby it finds utility in several domains such as the development of integrated circuits, communication networks, and transportation systems. The comprehension of partition dimensions may facilitate the enhancement of network designs in terms of efficiency and reliability. Let V(G) be a vertex set of a connected graph and S ⊂ V(G), the distance between a vertex v and subset S is defined as d(v, S) = min{d(v, x)|x ∈ S}. An k‐ordered partition of V(G) is and the identification code of vertex v with respect to Rp is the k‐tuple . The k‐partition Rp is said to be a partition resolving if r(v|Rp), ∀v ∈ V(G) are distinct. Partition dimension is the minimum number k in the partition resolving set, symbolized by pd(G). In this paper, we considered the families of graph named as Toeplitz network, and proved that the partition dimension of Tn〈t1, t2〉, where t1 = 2, 3, and gcd(t1, t2) = 1 is constant.
Table 3 from Mathematical Modeling of Tumor Growth in Preclinical Mouse Models with Applications in Biomarker Discovery and Drug Mechanism Studies
Authors: Zhou Huajun , Mao Binchen , Guo Sheng
Published: August 2024

Medians of estimated parameters of each mathematical model
Figure S1 from Mathematical Modeling of Tumor Growth in Preclinical Mouse Models with Applications in Biomarker Discovery and Drug Mechanism Studies
Authors: Zhou Huajun , Mao Binchen , Guo Sheng
Published: August 2024

Figure S1
Figure 5 from Mathematical Modeling of Tumor Growth in Preclinical Mouse Models with Applications in Biomarker Discovery and Drug Mechanism Studies
Authors: Zhou Huajun , Mao Binchen , Guo Sheng
Published: August 2024

Application of tumor growth curve models in biomarker discovery. A, Venn diagrams of top 100 genes identified by exponential and exponential quadratic models for the five datasets. B, Scatter plots of eGaIT and eGR statistics for PD1, irinotecan, cetuximab, sorafenib, and paclitaxel datasets. ρ, Spearman correlation coefficient. The line indicating that eGR equals eGaIT is shown in red.
Data from Mathematical Modeling of Tumor Growth in Preclinical Mouse Models with Applications in Biomarker Discovery and Drug Mechanism Studies
Authors: Zhou Huajun , Mao Binchen , Guo Sheng
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Oncology drug efficacy is evaluated in mouse models by continuously monitoring tumor volumes, which can be mathematically described by growth kinetic models. Although past studies have investigated various growth models, their reliance on small datasets raises concerns about whether their findings are truly representative of tumor growth in diverse mouse models under different vehicle or drug treatments. In this study, we systematically evaluated six parametric models (exponential, exponential quadratic, monomolecular, logistic, Gompertz, and von Bertalanffy) and the semiparametric generalized additive model (GAM) on fitting tumor volume data from more than 30,000 mice in 930 experiments conducted in patient-derived xenografts, cell line–derived xenografts, and syngeneic models. We found that the exponential quadratic model is the best parametric model and can adequately model 87% studies, higher than other models including von Bertalanffy (82%) and Gompertz (80%) models; the latter is often considered the standard growth model. At the mouse group level, 7.5% of growth data could not be fit by any parametric model and were fitted by GAM. We show that endpoint gain integrated in time, a GAM-derived efficacy metric, is equivalent to exponential growth rate, a metric we previously proposed and conveniently calculated by simple algebra. Using five studies on paclitaxel, anti-PD1 antibody, cetuximab, irinotecan, and sorafenib, we showed that exponential and exponential quadratic models achieve similar performance in uncovering drug mechanism and biomarkers. We also compared exponential growth rate–based association analysis and exponential modeling approach in biomarker discovery and found that they complement each other. Modeling methods herein are implemented in an open-source R package freely available at https://github.com/hjzhou988/TuGroMix.
Significance:
We present a general strategy for mathematically modeling tumor growth in mouse models using data from 30,000 mice and show that modeling and nonmodeling approaches are complementary in biomarker discovery and drug mechanism studies.
Die „Kontinuierliche Traumatische Belastungsreaktions-Skala“ auf Deutsch
Authors: Bachem Rahel , Maercker Andreas
Published: August 2024

Hintergrund: Im Rahmen der ICD-11 Revision wurde die Einführung einer Diagnose der Kontinuierlichen Traumatischen Belastungsstörung (KonTBS) im Kapitel der spezifisch belastungsbezogenen Störungen diskutiert, jedoch aufgrund unzureichender empirischer Evidenz zurückgestellt. Derzeitige Kriege machen uns hingegen verstärkt darauf aufmerksam, dass sich die psychische Reaktion auf anhaltende lebensbedrohliche Gefahrenlagen von der klassischen Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) unterscheidet. In diesem Artikel wird die deutsche Übersetzung der Kontinuierlichen Traumatischen Belastungsreaktions-Skala (KonTBR-Skala) vorgestellt (ohne eigene Datensammlung), um sie besser disseminierbar zu machen. Methode: Die 11-Item-Original­skala wurde in einer israelischen Grenzgebiets-Population entwickelt und umfasst drei sich von der PTBS unterscheidende Symptomgruppen: Erschöpfung/Gleichgültigkeit, Wut/Betrogensein und Furcht/Hoffnungslosigkeit. Diese Skala wurde mittels Übersetzungs-/Rückübersetzung-Prozedur ins Deutsche übertragen. Ergebnis: Ihr theoretisches Konzept ist sinnvoll und die psychometrische Original-Validierung vielversprechend. Diskussion: Der Einsatz in ge­eigneten Populationen wird sehr empfohlen und kann schlussendlich zu einer neuen und adäquateren Diagnose für die Leiden von Betroffenen anhaltender Traumatisierung beitragen..
Disputar la sexualidad: relaciones interge- neracionales, educación sexual y escuela secundaria en Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Tomasini Marina
Published: August 2024

(analítico) El trabajo se centra en las interpretaciones y disputas intergeneracionales sobre sexualidady educación sexual, en un contexto de fuerte politización del género y la sexualidad. Se recuperan entrevistas producidas en una investigación cualitativa con estudiantes y docentes de secundarias de Córdoba, Argentina (2018-2020). El análisis de contenido temático se combinó con herramientas de la perspectiva narrativa. Se concluye que: hay una percepción generalizada de vivir en un clima de mayor libertad sexual y una comprensión más plural de las experiencias; la polarización generacional entre adultos conservadores y jóvenes progresistas es operativa en abstracto, se relativiza cuandomencionan situaciones concretas; el control ejercido sobre las prácticas educativa en distintos contextos socioinstitucionales y la confianza son aspectos relevantes en la producción de emociones en torno al abordaje de la educación sexual integral.
Palabras clave: Comportamiento sexual; joven; educación sexual; afectividad; relación profesor alumno. Tesauro de Ciencias Sociales de la Unesco.
ВПЛИВ ДИСТАНЦІЙНОГО НАВЧАННЯ ПІД ЧАС СУВОРИХ КАРАНТИННИХ ОБМЕЖЕНЬ НА САМООЦІНКУ СТАНУ ЗДОРОВ’Я СТУДЕНТСЬКОЮ МОЛОДДЮ
Authors: Лепканич А. О.
Published: August 2024

Мета: вивчити оцінку впливу дистанційного навчання під час суворих карантинних обмежень в умовах епідемії COVID-19 на загальний стан свого здоров’я студентською молоддю.
Матеріали і методи. Використано метод спеціального соціологічного дослідження, метод структурно-фунціонального, системного аналізу та епідеміологічний. У соціологічному дослідженні використано онлайн-опитувальник «Інтернет-залученість» із використанням сервісу Google-форми. Цільова група дослідження – студенти Ужгородського національного університету денної форми навчання.
Результати. Отримано 523 заповнені опитувальники респондентів, серед яких переважну більшість склали жінки (353 особи, що склало 67,5 % респондентів). У дослідженні взяли участь здобувачі освіти всіх курсів навчання. 328 респондентів ((62,7±2,1) %) вважають, що не відчувають негативного впливу на стан здоров’я під час дистанційного навчання, 195 осіб ((37,3±4,5) % опитаних) вказали, що відчувають негативний вплив. Серед тих респондентів, які відмітили негативний вплив на стан власного здоров’я дистанційного навчання, найбільша частка у групі студентів із високим рівнем залученості до щоденного перебування в мережі «Інтернет» (7 і більше годин на добу) – (45,1±3,3) % опитаних даної групи. Застосування визначення співвідношення шансів (OR) у групах дослідження показали, що погіршення стану здоров’я під час дистанційного навчання, відмічене респондентами, може бути пов’язано з впливом вказаного фактора і роль його є значимою (AF 43,8–44,4 %).
Висновки. Хоча переважна більшість студентської молоді не відзначає, що дистанційне навчання в періоди карантинних обмежень негативно впливає на стан їх здоров’я, серед тих респондентів, які відмітили негативний вплив на стан власного здоров’я дистанційного навчання, найбільша частка таких у групі студентів із високим рівнем залученості до щоденного перебування в мережі «Інтернет» (7 і більше годин на добу). Погіршення стану здоров’я під час дистанційного навчання, відмічене респондентами, може бути пов’язано з впливом вказаних факторів, і роль цих факторів є значимою.
ПСИХІАТРИЧНЕ ВІДДІЛЕННЯ У БАГАТОПРОФІЛЬНІЙ ЛІКАРНІ: ДОСВІД СТВОРЕННЯ ТА ПОТРЕБА ДЛЯ СУЧАСНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ’Я УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Березюк О. Р. , Самчук О. О. , Фільц О. О. , Гутор Т. Г. , Самсонова Л. О. , Євченко Ю. О. , Костецький М. С.
Published: August 2024

Мета: аналіз перших результатів роботи новоствореного спеціалізованого лікувально-консультативного психіатричного відділення у складі багатопрофільної лікарні у місті Львові.
Матеріали і методи. У роботі проведено пошук та аналіз сучасної релевантної літератури з питань надання стаціонарної психіатричної допомоги в загальних ЗОЗ у світі з використанням бібліосемантичного методу. Оцінено роботу психіатричного відділення за представленими даними ЛСП КНП 1 ТМО Львова за вересень 2021 – червень 2022 рр. із застосуванням структурно-логічного методу.
Результати. Показано існуючі переваги надання стаціонарної психіатричної допомоги населенню у психіатричному відділенні в структурі БЛІЛ ІІ рівня на прикладі психіатричного відділення багатопрофільної лікарні Львова. Встановлено, що значну частину контингенту цього відділення складають пацієнти, переведені за встановленими консультативними показами «in situ» з інших відділень лікарні. Такі пацієнти виявляють ознаки не лише органічних психічних розладів, а й додаткових патопластичних розладів психіки, пов’язаних з перебігом і лікуванням важких соматичних захворювань.
Висновки. Інтеграція служби охорони ментального здоров’я в систему загальної охорони здоров’я може суттєво сприяти зменшенню стигматизації, оптимізації забезпечення потреб та розширенню функціональних можливостей лікарів-психіатрів, а також підвищити ймовірність раннього виявлення психічних розладів у хворих із психосоматичними симптомами, які звертаються в загальну лікувальну мережу з іншими проблемами.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ТАРГЕТОВАНОЇ РЕКЛАМИ НА РИНКУ МЕДИЧНИХ ПОСЛУГ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Запорожан Л. П. , Феш М. С. , Литвинова О. Н. , Юріїв К. Є.
Published: August 2024

Мета: дослідження оптимізації інтернет-маркетингу, визначення сутності та різновидів таргетованої реклами і проблем використання в Україні.
Матеріали і методи. Матеріалами дослідження виступили офіційні статистичні матеріали, наукові праці вітчизняних та зарубіжних вчених, матеріали науково-практичних конференцій, періодичних видань, особисті розробки авторів.
Результати. В сучасних умовах активної діджиталізації всіх верств суспільства нагальною проблемою стає активне впровадження новітніх методів маркетингу у сферу медичних послуг. Соціальні мережі вже давно користуються великою популярністю в користувачів, а таргетована реклама стала незамінним інструментом продажів для SMM спеціалістів. На даний час цією функцією користуютьсяі власники малого бізнесу, контент-менеджери, підприємці та фрілансери. Та часто нераціонально витрачається велика кількість грошових засобів на рекламу в соціальних мережах у пошуках продажів, не знаючи як правильно її застосовувати. Найбільш основною перевагою таргетованої реклами є гнучкість її налаштування, адже таргетинг налаштовуєтьсяі тільки на окрему цільову аудиторію, яка має потребу або зацікавленість у продукції чи послугах компанії. Наступною перевагою є доступність таргетингу, особливо для початківців у малому бізнесі. Такі підприємціі чи компанії навіть без наявності сайту зможуть за допомогою налаштування таргетованої реклами надати інформацію для своєї цільової аудиторії, що звертається на сторінку групи чи спільноти в соціальній мережі. Також основною перевагою цього виду реклами є її незначна вартість, тобто ціна кліка значно менша, ніж у контекстній рекламі. В налаштуванні таргетингу є можливість у будь-який момент змінити написання ключових слів та редагувати саму рекламу, крім того, за допомогою таргетованої реклами існує можливість аналізу всіх дій користувачів, проведення аналізу з інструментами статистики. Якщо дотримуватися принципів створення та налаштування таргетованої реклами, то є можливість уникнути всіх можливих її недоліків.
Висновки. В умовах сильної конкурентної боротьби приватні медичні центри повинні максимально зосе­реджуватися не тільки над якістю надання своїх послуг, а також приділяти багато уваги інструментам для їх збуту.
Для залучення найбільшої кількості клієнтів потрібно детально розглядати шлях клієнта та відстежувати всі його дії. Зараз для прийняття рішення про придбання послуги потенційний клієнт проводить багато часу у мережі «Інтернет». Він порівнює конкурентів, аналізує ціни та вирішує, де йому сподобалося найбільше. Найефективнішими інструментами можна вважати контекстну та таргетовану рекламу, а також пошукову оптимізацію сайту.
Preliminary geological and geochemical characteristics of sapphire bearing rock of Chilla area, central Tigrai, northern Ethiopia
Authors: Haftu Mulata , Gidey Berihu
Published: August 2024

Embora a Etiópia seja dotada de um cenário geológico adequado para abrigar variedades de pedras preciosas, ainda não foi bem investigada e explorada. No norte da Etiópia, estado regional de Tigrai, o mineral safira foi extraído por garimpeiros tradicionais e artesanais. Chilla, que fica a 35 km ao norte de Axum, é uma das atividades de mineração artesanal de safira praticada. Na Etiópia, particularmente na área de Chilla, não há nenhum estudo geológico e geoquímico sobre o mineral safirae suas rochas hospedeiras. Na área de Chilla, a maioria das safiras é encontrada em depósitos aluviais ou eluviais, tornando difícil estudar a relação entre as safiras e suas rochas hospedeiras. Aqui, apresentamos características geológicas preliminares do mineral safira dentro de basaltos alcalinos do terreno vulcânico terciário de Chilla. A investigação geológica e a análise geoquímica (XRF) indicam que o mineral safira está hospedado com basaltos alcalinos terciários e ocorreu no contato entre basalto alcalino e rochas graníticas intrusivas.
The first dermapterid earwigs from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of northeastern China (Dermaptera: Dermapteridae)
Authors: YIN YU-QING , SHIH CHUNGKUN , ENGEL MICHAEL S. , REN DONG
Published: August 2024

A new dermapterid genus Grammoderma gen. nov. is described, with four included species—Grammoderma identicum sp. nov., G. uniforme sp. nov., G. kocareki sp. nov., and G. insolitum sp. nov.—all from the Lower Cretaceous, Yixian Formation of Huangbanjigou Village, Liaoning Province, northeastern China. Currently, existing specimens of Dermapteridae are frequently fragmentary although tegmina are well documented for all of the genera, particularly the tegminal venation. The new genus can be distinguished from all other genera based on the tegminal markings and venation, as well as the form of the cerci, where known for other genera. The four new species expand the limited diversity of the family, particularly for the Early Cretaceous where Dermapteridae were formerly known from a single species. In addition, these species also provide additional information for future phylogenetic studies of evolutionary relationships among Dermaptera.
Two new species of Rasnichneumon (Ichneumonidae: Novichneumoninae) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber
Authors: KOPYLOV DMITRY S. , JOUAULT CORENTIN
Published: August 2024

We report two new species of Novichneumoninae from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber: Rasnichneumon klopfsteinae sp. nov. and Rasnichneumon gibbosus sp. nov. These new species increase the diversity of novichneumonine wasps documented from Kachin amber during the mid-Cretaceous. We emend the diagnosis of the genus Rasnichneumon to accommodate the morphology of the new species. Finally, we discuss the unique state of color preservation in the new specimens, uncommon morphological features of Rasnichneumon, shape of the ovipositor of novichneumonines and its implications.
Taxonomy and bioacoustics of some crickets (Orthoptera: Grylloidea) from Panti Forest Reserve (Peninsular Malaysia: Johor)
Authors: TAN MING KAI , MUHAMMAD AMIRA AQILAH , GOROCHOV ANDREI V. , ABDULLAH NURUL ASHIKIN
Published: August 2024

Orthopteran surveys were recently conducted at the Panti Forest Reserve in Johor State of Peninsular Malaysia. Based on new material, three species new to science are described here: Agryllus sori Tan, Muhammad & Gorochov, sp. nov. (Gryllidae: Gryllinae), Malayzacla panti Tan, Muhammad & Gorochov, gen. et sp. nov. (Phalangopsidae: Phalangopsinae) and Parendacustes (Parendacustes) aduncus Tan, Muhammad & Gorochov, sp. nov. (Phalangopsidae: Phalangopsinae). The calling songs of five species are described here for the first time: Agryllus sori Tan, Muhammad & Gorochov, sp. nov., Duolandrevus (Bejorama) firmus tiomani Gorochov, 2016 (Gryllidae: Landrevinae), Malayzacla panti Tan, Muhammad & Gorochov, gen. et sp. nov., Parendacustes (Parendacustes) aduncus Tan, Muhammad & Gorochov, sp. nov. and Trellius (Protrellius) helverseni tioman Gorochov, 2011 (Phalangopsidae: Phaloriinae). New locality records in Panti Forest Reserve for five species are also presented here: Duolandrevus (Bejorama) firmus tiomani Gorochov, 2016, Duolandrevus (Bejorama) parvulus Gorochov, 2016, Brevimunda trilineata Tan, Japir, Chung & Robillard, 2022 (Oecanthidae: Podoscirtinae), Zamunda fuscirostris (Chopard, 1969) (Oecanthidae: Podoscirtinae) and Trellius (Protrellius) helverseni tioman Gorochov, 2011.
Incorporating New Datatypes to Enhance Species Delimitation: A Case Study in Rice Paddy Snakes (Homalopsidae: Hypsiscopus)
Authors: BERNSTEIN JUSTIN M. , MURPHY ROBERT W. , LATHROP AMY , NGUYEN SANG NGOC , ORLOV NIKOLAI L. , STUART BRYAN L.
Published: August 2024

Homalopsids (Old World Mud Snakes) include 59 semiaquatic species in Asia and Australasia that display an array of morphological adaptations, behaviors, and microhabitat preferences. These attributes make homalopsids an ideal model system for broader questions in evolutionary biology, but the diversity of this understudied group of snakes is still being described. Recognized species diversity in rice paddy snakes (Hypsiscopus) has recently doubled after nearly 200 years of taxonomic stability. However, the evolutionary distinctiveness of some populations remains in question. In this study, we compare mainland Southeast Asian populations of Hypsiscopus east and west of the Red River Basin in Vietnam, a known biogeographic barrier in Asia, using an iterative approach with molecular phylogenetic reconstruction, machine-learning morphological quantitative statistics, and ecological niche modeling. Our analyses show that populations west of the Red River Basin represent an independent evolutionary lineage that is distinct in genetics, morphospace, and habitat suitability, and so warrants species recognition. The holotype of H. wettsteini, a species originally described in error from Costa Rica, grouped morphometrically with the population at the Red River Basin and eastward, and those west of the Red River Basin are referred to the recently described H. murphyi. The two species may have diversified due to a variety of geological and environmental factors, and their recognition exemplifies the importance of multifaceted approaches in taxonomy for downstream biogeographic studies on speciation scenarios.
Akarotaxis gouldae, a new species of Antarctic dragonfish (Notothenioidei: Bathydraconidae) from the western Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: CORSO ANDREW D. , DESVIGNES THOMAS , MCDOWELL JAN R. , CHENG CHI-HING CHRISTINA , BIESACK ELLEN E. , STEINBERG DEBORAH K. , HILTON ERIC J.
Published: August 2024

Bathydraconidae (Notothenioidei) are a group of benthic fishes endemic to the Southern Ocean. Because of their recent evolutionary radiation and limited sampling efforts due to their occurrence in remote regions, their diversity is likely underestimated. Akarotaxis nudiceps, currently the only recognized member of its genus, is an especially poorly known bathydraconid. Although A. nudiceps has a circumpolar distribution on the Antarctic continental shelf, its deep habitat and rarity limit knowledge of its life history and biology. Using a combination of morphological and genetic analyses, we identified an undescribed species of this genus, herein named Akarotaxis gouldae sp. nov. (Banded Dragonfish). The separation of this species was initially identified from archived larval specimens, highlighting the importance of early life stage taxonomy and natural history collections. All currently known adult and larval A. gouldae sp. nov. specimens have been collected from a restricted ~400 km coastal section of the western Antarctic Peninsula, although this is possibly due to sampling bias. This region is targeted by the epipelagic Antarctic krill fishery, which could potentially capture larval fishes as bycatch. Due to the extremely low fecundity of A. gouldae sp. nov. and near-surface occurrence of larvae, we suggest the growing Antarctic krill fishery could negatively impact this speces.