bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integration of Religion in Democratizing Societies: Lessons from the Israeli Experience
Authors: Rubin Aviad
Published: December 2012

Throughout the twentieth century, the treatment of religion in the social sciences had been heavily shaped by the premises of modernization theory. This theory was responsible for the development of two concepts—the secularization thesis and the traditional school of civil society—which deny any space for religious content and actors in the public and political spheres. Both concepts rely on the exceptional experience of the west and share deterministic, static and essentially pessimistic assumptions regarding the ability of religion and the state to mutually coexist in democratic settings. In view of the above Israel's treatment of religion stands out. Israel challenged the premises of the secularization thesis and instead granted a significant official role to religious contents and actors in the state. Contrary to common beliefs, this research demonstrates that Israel's policy resulted in mainly positive consequences and contributed to the stabilization of its democratic regime. Furthermore, Israel's inclusive policy on religion proved successful in containing and isolating mounting religious challenges to the state in recent decades and in securing the stability of the democratic regime. Israel's account reveals two important lessons about the nature of the state-religion relationship. First, it offers a dynamic and mutually constitutive perception of the relationship between the state and religion. Second, it advocates development of a case-sensitive approach toward religion, depending on specific social, historical, and cultural attributes. These lessons might prove highly relevant for post Arab spring societies in transition.
A Touch Away from Cultural Others: Negotiating Israeli Jewish Identity on Television
Authors: Talmon Miri
Published: December 2012

The Israeli television drama series, A Touch Away, Jerusalem Mix , and Srugim are symbolic sites for the negotiation of Jewish identity in Israel, a multicultural immigrant society. They open a window to the sociocultural religious communities within Israel, hence creating more visibility of these versions of Israeliness on the small screen, and deconstructing stereotypes thereof, allowing for more complex images of "religious Israeli Jews." The dramatic elaboration of intercultural encounters and conflicts in these TV dramas are contextualized by the Tzav Piyus project of reconciliation, which was initiated as a consequence of Yitzhak Rabin's assassination and the painful sociocultural fissures associated with it, as well as the larger enterprise of the AVI CHAI foundation—the promotion both in Israel and in North America of an awareness and discourse about Jewish identity as a complex and diversified experience. How do resources of the medium—serial drama and audiovisual expressions of television—serve to construct identity as an open-ended process yet a social product bound by communal constraints? This analysis seeks to illuminate how television dramas bring Israeli and American viewers alike to a touch away from marginalized cultural universes within Israel, as well as from the contradictions underlying the yearning to create a unified collective Israeli and Jewish identity in a democratic state.
Balancing Women's Rights and Religious Rights: The Issue of Bus Segregation
Authors: Feldheim Miriam
Published: December 2012

Founded in 1998, the Mehadrin bus lines adhere to strict separation of men and women: women must board the bus at the back and sit only at the back, and men at the front. In addition, women must adhere to strict modesty rules in their attire, that is, for example, wear long skirts, no pants, and sleeves. The Israel Religious Action Center (IRAC) became involved after being approached by five women reporting physical or verbal abuse when not conforming to the segregation or modesty rules on the buses. The fear of those active in defense of the rights of women was that segregation will extend further into public spaces. Indeed, the issue of gender segregation became a major issue about preserving the presence of women in public spaces in Israel. On the other hand, the segregation issue raises the question of whether secular Israelis have the right to force Western standards on the ultra-Orthodox. This article examines the background, and the legal, religious, and political arguments raised in reconciling the rights of women and rights of religious observance yet supporting the Israeli nation's goal of advancing democracy.
Religious, Hateful, and Racist Speech in Israel
Authors: Cohen-Almagor Raphael
Published: December 2012

This essay is a study in politics and law. It begins with an introductory background which explains Israel's vulnerability as a Jewish, multicultural democracy in a hostile region, with significant schisms that divide the nation. In the next section I present the State Attorney's stance regarding extreme statements made in the context of the disengagement from Gaza. I proceed by addressing the issue of religious incitement, both Jewish and Moslem. I argue that the State cannot sit idly by while senior officials incite racism and undermine its democratic values. Such officials should be discharged of all responsibilities. The State ought to weigh the costs of allowing hate speech as well as the risks involved, and balance these against the costs and risks to democracy and free speech associated with censorship.
The Conflict of Conscience and Law in a Jewish State
Authors: Balázs Gábor
Published: December 2012

Jewish philosophers in the State of Israel have been forced by reality to think about questions in political theory that in the past lacked practical relevance. The question of the morality of obedience (or disobedience) to the laws is a topic that is present in the classical sources. It is a frequently discussed topic in Israeli public discourse, especially when it comes to the question of the duty to serve in the army. The article examines the concept of conscience in the wider context of the ethics of Yeshayahu Leibowitz. Although Leibowitz was reluctant to attribute any positive characteristics to the conscience in his theoretical works, he openly supported the activity of the left-wing refusal movements in Israel. The article tries to explain the apparent contradiction between Leibowitzian theory and practice. The article also mentions the works of two Israeli thinkers Daniel Statman and Avi Sagi, who are sensitive to the interplay between Jewish sources and western political concepts. They try to construct a new Jewish definition of conscience and to open the way to the development of other related political and ethical concepts.
Democratic Themes in Religious Zionism
Authors: Kaye Alexander
Published: December 2012

Religious Zionists who wanted to preserve their commitments to tradition and the Jewish state had to address the difficulties of applying tradition to new realities. The main challenge for them arose from the democratic nature of the new State of Israel. Between 1948 and the mid-1950s, Zionist leaders and thinkers contributed to the evolving dialectical relationship between a secular, modern democracy and traditional Jewish culture based on halakah. Religious Zionists were very much aware of the challenge that democratic principles posed to the Jewish tradition and were often reluctant to compromise their halakic commitments for the sake of the demands of a democratic state. Thus, scholarship has focused on the confrontation, compatibility, or compromise between religion and modernity in the Zionist context as if they are two distinct and opposing spheres. In these sketches of halakic argumentation among religious Zionists in the early years of Israel, I try to complicate this picture.
Being at a Loss: Death, Mourning, and Ethics in Cixous's Benjamin à Montaigne
Authors: Hoft-March Eilene
Published: December 2012

Jacques Derrida once claimed in an homage to his friend, Hélène Cixous, that "elle ne croit rien [de la mort]." Cixous, in turn, subscribed willingly to this view, saying "pour moi, la mort est passée...Elle était au commencement." However, her 2001 volume, Benjamin à Montaigne : Il ne faut pas le dire , edges more closely to Derrida's claim that "on meurt à la fin, trop vite." Writing about the dead—indeed, writing in anticipation of the deaths of others—raises ethical problems: what relationship to the other is appropriate? What way of speaking or writing honors rather than obscures, betrays, or exploits the other, once she can no longer speak for herself? Cixous's early essays set forth a (feminist) position that Shane Weller calls an "ethical openness" to alterity in all its differences. In this essay, I will examine the intersection of Cixous's concept of ethics with the Freudian account of mourning and melancholia. Looking at key scenes in Benjamin à Montaigne , we will see that Cixous's writer-narrator resists what Freud asserted to be the therapeutic process of mourning, that is, giving up one's dead and moving on. The narrator will opt instead for what R. Clifton Spargo describes as the ethical protest of melancholia, in which the melancholic refuses to give up its dead others. Nevertheless, as will become clear in the writer-narrator's experience, an ethics of alterity strictly adhered to does not come without certain costs.
Du Vietnam au Québec : fragmentation textuelle et travail de mémoire chez kim thúy
Authors: Dusaillant-Fernandes Valérie
Published: December 2012

À travers le destin de sa narratrice Nguyễn An Tịnh, une rescapée d'un boat-people, Kim Thúy, première écrivaine québécoise d'origine vietnamienne, décrit le parcours difficile des réfugiés de la mer qui, comme elle, ont été forcés de quitter leur terre natale pour venir s'installer au Québec. Loin d'être un récit linéaire, Ru (2009) s'impose comme un roman autobiographique où se succèdent et s'entrecroisent des fragments narratifs portant sur un lieu, une personne, une scène. Dans notre analyse, il s'agira d'examiner la façon dont Kim Thúy construit son texte à travers un système d'oscillations entre deux espaces, un « Ici » et un « Là-bas », et deux types de souvenirs, des images de femmes vietnamiennes et des portraits brossés de bienfaitrices québécoises. Dans un premier temps, nous montrerons que la narratrice, Nguyễn An Tịnh, fait appel à sa mémoire pour revenir sur ce là-bas douloureux rempli d'images traumatiques du départ brutal du pays natal et d'anecdotes sur le rapport difficile entre elle et sa mère. Dans un deuxième temps, nous montrerons comment An Tịnh construit sa nouvelle identité au Québec, notamment par une prise de contact rapide avec l'autre — un visage inconnu ou familier — qui va être fondamentale pour sa reconstruction personnelle.
Chantal Chawaf: écrire à ses risques et périls (entretien)1
Authors: Schwerdtner Karin
Published: December 2012

Cet entretien avec Chantal Chawaf tourne autour de trois thèmes: le désir, le danger social et l'écriture comme un « travail à oser sur soi-même ». Faisant état de son souci de la durabilité, l'auteure commente les risques pris pour la planète ainsi que ceux qu'elle a assumés dans le choix de dénoncer la mise en danger de la création et de la vie.
Ineffable Gomorrah: The Performance of Lesbianism in Colette, Proust, and Vivien
Authors: Dade Juliette
Published: December 2012

In Le Pur et l'impur , Colette famously decries Proust's depictions of lesbians in A la recherche du temps perdu . However, when comparing Proust's Gomorrahn portrayals to other literary characterisations of lesbians at the turn of the century, one finds strong similarities. What Colette does not directly identify, but what becomes an underlying message in her book as she talks about Renée Vivien and the Ladies of Llangollen, among others, is that due to the strong influence of anti-lesbian social opinion of the fin de siècle , it was impossible for anyone, even a lesbian such as Vivien, to write about a female homosexual experience without the text becoming a sort of performance.
The Treatment of Women in Two Novels of Quebec's Quiet Revolution: Gérard Bessette's La Bagarre and Jacques Godbout's Salut Galarneau
Authors: Vandervoort Edith Biegler
Published: December 2012

The Quiet Revolution, which redefined the values of Quebec society as a whole, aimed to create modern institutions and implement more advanced, secular social programs. In building a strong, autonomous nation many writers from working- and middle-class backgrounds felt an intense need to become writers and contribute to a new national text. Women's contributions to national identity, however, lack recognition and it is evident that the collectivity crucial to this movement does not include women. This trend is exemplified in Gérard Bessette's La Bagarre and Jacques Godbout's Salut Galarneau , in which women are depicted as frivolous, consumer oriented and lacking interest in intellectual or political goals, while the male protagonists struggle with their linguistic and psychological deficiencies to create a lasting cultural narrative.
The Language of Flowers in Annie Ernaux's Une Femme
Authors: Peszat Regina
Published: December 2012

In line with other interpretations of Une Femme as a work of mourning, this article will show how the author inserts, almost without notice, a variety of references to flowers that ultimately serve to commemorate her mother's life. Flowers have long been used in literature and art to communicate secret and symbolic meanings. The underpinnings of the recurring presence of flowers in Une Femme reveal, when pointed out, a subversive, rhizome-like network of associations from which a code emerges: a private language of flowers that mutely conveys the personal and social truths of her mother's life. In this manner, Ernaux's écriture plate does indeed take on a sort of ornamental and, dare we say it, literary style.
Metabolic effects of bariatric surgery
Authors: Winkler Gábor
Published: December 2012

Bariatric surgery managing/preventing complications of severe overweight is nowdays widely accepted as a mainstay in the treatment of morbid obesity. Its role is particularly important in type 2 diabetes developing on the base of long-standing significant overweight. The glycemic control improves within days-weeks after these surgeries, when weight loss and reduction of the visceral fat mass is barely detectable. This short term effect is probably due to an increased secretion of glucagon-like peptide and, as a consequence, an improvement in hepatic insulin sensitivity as wel as the whole body glucose uptake. Besides the prolonged glucagon-like peptide effects, the favourable long term effect of these operations – lasting for 10 years even after surgery – is the decrease of visceral fat mass and elimination of harmful influence of cytokines produced by the fatty tissue. The article overviews the metabolic effects of these procedures, their undoubted advantages and potential risks. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 3–9.
Quality assurance of rapid on-site evaluation of CT-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology of lung nodules
Authors: Bak Mihály , Hidvégi Judit , Andi Judit , Bahéry Mária , Kovács Eszter , Schneider Ferenc , Kostic Szilárd , Rényi-Vámos Ferenc , Szőke János , Nyári Tibor , Gődény Mária , Kásler Miklós
Published: December 2012

Introduction: The methods available for the diagnosis of lung cancer include radiologic, cytologic and pathologic procedures. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the quality assurance of CT guided fine needle aspiration cytology of lung nodules. Methods: Cytology results were rated to 4 categories (positive; suspicious; negative; not representative). All cytology reports were compared with the final histology diagnosis. Results: A total of 128 patients underwent CT-guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy cytology (63 males; 65 females; mean age 62.8 years). Smears were adequate in 99 cases and inadequate in 29 cases. The average diameter of the nodules was 3.28 cm. Thirty three (25.6%) of the cases were histologically verified and 2 falsely negative and 2 falsely positive cases were detected. The sensitivity and the positive predictive value were 88.8% and 88.8%, respectively. Pneumothorax developed in 7 (5.4%) cases. Conclusion: These results suggest that CT-guided transthoracic fine needle aspiration cytology has a high diagnostic accuracy and an acceptable complication rate. The auditing valves of the results meet the proposed threshold values. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 28–32.
Somatic and mental morbidity of young female physicians. Does emotional exhaustion constitute the missing link?
Authors: Győrffy Zsuzsa , Ádám Szilvia
Published: December 2012

Introduction: The high prevalence of morbidity among female physicians in Hungary is well documented, however, little is known about the prevalence of that in certain age groups. Aims: To assess the prevalence of somatic and psychiatric morbidity in two age cohorts (Cohort 1: age 24–43 and Cohort 2: age 44–76) of female physicians and to explore the relationship between morbidity and potential risk factors including work-related stressors. Methods: Representative, cross-sectional, quantitative survey among representative samples of female physicians (N = 408). Results: Physicians in Cohort 1 reported more frequent night shift rotation, less leisure time, and fewer days off compared to physicians in Cohort 2. Physicians in Cohort 1 were less satisfied with their work, workplace, reported less support from their colleagues, and received lower salary compared to physicians in Cohort 2. Physicians in Cohort 1 scored significantly higher on the emotional exhaustion and the personal accomplishment scales MBI as compared to Cohort 2 physicians. In Cohort 1 emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment were associated with high depression scores and frequent suicidal ideation. Conclusions: The role of emotional exhaustion is decisive of young physicians’ well-being. Future research should focus on understanding the psycho-social, individual, organizational, and societal correlates of the high prevalence of morbidity among young female physicians in Hungary. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 20–27.
Estabilidade temporal e variabilidade espacial da distribuição da armazenagem de água no solo numa sucessão feijão/aveia-preta
Authors: Salvador Monica Martins Silva , Libardi Paulo Leonel , Brito Alexsandro dos Santos , Moreira Neilo Bergamin
Published: January 2013

A armazenagem de água no solo é muito variável no tempo e no espaço devido à influência de vários fatores ambientais e topográficos. Objetivou-se neste estudo: quantificar a armazenagem de água no solo; avaliar sua estabilidade temporal e sua variabilidade espacial em um local próximo e outro distante do sistema radicular numa sucessão feijão/aveia-preta; e constatar sua variabilidade espacial em função do relevo. Em área experimental de 1.500 m², situada em Piracicaba-SP (latitude de 22° 42' 30" S, longitude de 47° 38' 00" W e 546 m de altitude), estabeleceram-se 60 pontos de amostragem, distanciados entre si de 5 m, numa grade de 10 por 6 pontos (50 x 30 m). Os valores da armazenagem de água no solo apresentaram comportamento-padrão para o solo estudado, com valores maiores em profundidade do que na camada mais superficial. Houve maior estabilidade temporal da armazenagem de água no solo durante o período chuvoso, porém na fase de secagem do solo a estabilidade temporal também foi constatada, mas com valores de coeficiente de correlação mais elevados na camada de 0,0-0,80 m, mostrando que essa estabilidade foi claramente devida à posição topográfica desses pontos, os quais estão localizados na porção mais baixa do relevo. Assim, o ponto 52 foi escolhido como representativo da média na fase de recarga de água no solo em ambas as camadas estudadas, e o ponto 46, na camada superior durante a fase de secagem do solo. A dependência espacial da variabilidade da armazenagem de água no solo foi detectada em ambas as camadas de solo, porém com maior alcance na camada de 0,0-0,40 m, quando houve ocorrência de precipitação. Quando as chuvas cessaram, o alcance foi maior na camada de 0,0-0,80 m. Durante o período chuvoso, o padrão de variabilidade espacial foi muito semelhante em ambas as camadas de solo, com armazenagens maiores na faixa de maior inclinação e depressões do terreno.
Nutrition, dry matter accumulation and partitioning and phosphorus use efficiency of potato grown at different phosphorus levels in nutrient solution
Authors: Fernandes Adalton Mazetti , Soratto Rogério Peres
Published: January 2013

High rates of phosphate fertilizers are applied to potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), which may cause antagonistic interactions with other nutrients and limit crop yields when over-supplied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of phosphorus (P) levels in nutrient solution on P use efficiency, nutritional status and dry matter (DM) accumulation and partitioning of potato plants cv. Ágata. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, arranged in a completely randomized block design with four replications. Treatments consisted of seven P levels in nutrient solution (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 31, and 48 mg L-1). Plants were harvested after 28 days of growth in nutrient solution, and separated in roots, stems and leaves for evaluations. The treatment effects were analyzed by regression analysis. Phosphorus levels of up to 8 mg L-1 increased the root and shoot DM accumulation, but drastically decreased the root/shoot ratio of potato cv. Ágata. Higher P availability increased P concentration, accumulation and absorption efficiency, but decreased P use efficiency. Higher P levels increased the N, P, Mg, Fe, and Mn concentrations in roots considerably and decreased K, S, Cu, and Zn concentrations. In shoot biomass, N, P, K, and Ca concentrations were significantly increased by P applied in solution, unlike Mg and Cu concentrations. Although higher P levels (> 8 mg L-1) in nutrient solution increased P concentration, accumulation and absorption efficiency, the DM accumulation and partitioning of potato cv. Ágata were not affected.
Sequências de culturas em sistema de semeadura direta: II - decomposição e liberação de nutrientes na entressafra
Authors: Marcelo Adolfo Valente , Corá José Eduardo , Fernandes Carolina
Published: January 2013

Os nutrientes acumulados nos resíduos das culturas, ao serem liberados no processo de decomposição, retornam ao solo e podem ficar disponíveis às culturas em sucessão. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a decomposição e liberação de nutrientes de resíduos vegetais de espécies utilizadas na entressafra em diferentes sequências de culturas em sistema de semeadura direta. O experimento foi conduzido em Jaboticabal-SP (48° 18' W e 21° 15' S), em um Latossolo Vermelho eutrófico. O delineamento experimental foi em faixas, com três repetições. Os tratamentos constituíram da combinação de três sequências de culturas de verão (rotação soja-milho e monoculturas de milho e de soja) com sete culturas de entressafra (milho, sorgo, girassol, crotalária, guandu, nabo forrageiro e milheto). O experimento foi iniciado em 2002, e o presente estudo refere-se aos anos agrícolas 2007/2008 e 2008/2009. Avaliaram-se a decomposição e a liberação de nutrientes utilizando sacolas de decomposição, com coletas aos 15, 30, 60, 120 e 180 dias após a trituração das culturas. A cobertura do solo foi avaliada após a trituração das culturas e ao final do ano agrícola. Os resíduos de crotalária, milho, sorgo, girassol apresentaram menores taxas de decomposição. Crotalária, guandu, nabo forrageiro e milheto proporcionaram resíduos que liberaram maior quantidade de nutrientes quando comparados ao milho, sorgo e girassol. Crotalária e milheto destacaram-se como as culturas mais adequadas para cultivo na entressafra, em especial a crotalária, devido à baixa taxa de decomposição e à elevada quantidade de nutrientes liberados na decomposição, e o milheto, em razão da elevada quantidade de nutrientes remanescentes nos resíduos no final do ano agrícola. Sequências de culturas que envolveram cultivo de girassol na entressafra proporcionaram menor cobertura do solo pelos resíduos vegetais.
Industrial and urban organic wastes increase soil microbial activity and biomass
Authors: Boechat Cácio Luiz , Santos Jorge Antonio Gonzaga , Accioly Adriana Maria de Aguiar , Bomfim Marcela Rebouças , Santos Adailton Conceição dos
Published: January 2013

Microbial processes have been used as indicators of soil quality, due to the high sensitivity to small changes in management to evaluate, e.g., the impact of applying organic residues to the soil. In an experiment in a completely randomized factorial design 6 x 13 + 4, (pot without soil and residue or absolute control) the effect of following organic wastes was evaluated: pulp mill sludge, petrochemical complex sludge, municipal sewage sludge, dairy factory sewage sludge, waste from pulp industry and control (soil without organic waste) after 2, 4, 6, 12, 14, 20, 28, 36, 44, 60, 74, 86, and 98 days of incubation on some soil microbial properties, with four replications. The soil microbial activity was highly sensitive to the carbon/nitrogen ratio of the organic wastes. The amount of mineralized carbon was proportional to the quantity of soil-applied carbon. The average carbon dioxide emanating from the soil with pulp mill sludge, corresponding to soil basal respiration, was 0.141 mg C-CO2 100 g-1 soil h-1. This value is 6.4 times higher than in the control, resulting in a significant increase in the metabolic quotient from 0.005 in the control to 0.025 mg C-CO2 g-1 Cmic h-1 in the soil with pulp mill sludge. The metabolic quotient in the other treatments did not differ from the control (p < 0.01), demonstrating that these organic wastes cause no disturbance in the microbial community.
Características físicas e estrutura de sementes e morfologia de plântulas de Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Alston
Authors: Abreu Gabriel Talamini de , Lopes Higino Marcos , Rossetto Cláudia Antônia Vieira , Germano Filho Pedro , Silva Elania Rodrigues da
Published: January 2013

A Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Alston tem sido introduzida em diferentes sistemas de produção em razão de sua versatilidade de cultivo. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a estrutura e características físicas da semente e a morfologia de plântulas de Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Alston. Amostras de três lotes de sementes colhidos em 2007, 2008 e 2009 foram avaliadas em relação ao tamanho, grau de umidade, massa de mil sementes, massa do hectolitro e número de sementes por grama. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com três lotes e oito repetições. Em outro ensaio, as sementes foram seccionadas para a observação e descrição da anatomia do tegumento, tecido de reserva e do embrião. As estruturas de plântulas foram avaliadas e registradas durante o seu desenvolvimento. As sementes de flemingia são globulares e esféricas, o tegumento apresenta coloração preta e marron. O grau de umidade das sementes variou entre 9,5 e 12,1%, a massa de mil sementes variou de 18,11 a 19,28 g, o peso hectolitro de 72,23 a 74,39 kg e o número de sementes por grama de 52 a 55. A estrutura do tegumento é formada por camada de células paliçádicas, característica da família Fabaceae. A germinação é do tipo hipógea.
Produtivismo e avaliação acadêmica na Saúde Coletiva brasileira: desafios para a pesquisa em Ciências Humanas e Sociais
Authors: Bosi Maria Lúcia Magalhães
Published: January 2013

Este artigo problematiza alguns desafios que se impõem à produção do conhecimento nas Ciências Humanas e Sociais, no campo da Saúde Coletiva, sob o atual modelo que norteia as avaliações acadêmicas no Brasil. Para tanto, o artigo focaliza o enfoque qualitativo de pesquisa em Ciências Humanas e Sociais, analisando o seu estatuto ante outras tradições que com ele disputam hegemonia no campo da Saúde Coletiva, conjugando o diálogo com a literatura, notadamente proposições relativas aos campos sociais presentes na obra de Pierre Bourdieu, com elementos concernentes à dinâmica do campo, incluindo incursões a dados empíricos. Dentre os desafios assinalados, destacam-se aqueles referentes ao impedimento de diálogos interdisciplinares e obstáculos à equidade na produção do conhecimento, baseada no reconhecimento da natureza e do lugar fundante das Ciências Humanas e Sociais no campo Saúde Coletiva. Discutem-se estratégias visando a reconfigurar a atual correlação de forças entre os núcleos de saberes da Saúde Coletiva, notadamente aquelas capazes de impactar comitês e agendas que definem a acumulação do capital simbólico e econômico no âmbito analisado.
A elaboraçao de um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem em síndromes genéticas
Authors: Picolini Mirela Machado , Blasca Wanderléia Quinhoeiro , Richieri-Costa Antonio , Maximino Luciana Paula
Published: January 2013

OBJETIVO: desenvolver um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem (AVA) para alunos do ensino fundamental sobre síndromes genéticas. MÉTODO:o AVA, conhecido como Cybertutor, possibilita o aprendizado do aluno pela internet de forma interativa. A metodologia deste estudo foi composta de duas etapas, a de desenvolvimento e a de disponibilização do AVA. O desenvolvimento do conteúdo educacional, gráfico e audiovisual do Cybertutor contou com o auxílio de um geneticista do HRAC/USP e de informações científicas disponibilizadas em livros, artigos, teses e dissertações nacionais e internacionais. O Cybertutor foi disponibilizado na plataforma do Projeto Jovem Doutor (http://www.jovemdoutor.org.br/jdr/) pela equipe técnica da DTM/FMUSP. RESULTADOS: o Cybertutor elaborado possibilitou estruturar o conteúdo educacional, gráfico e audiovisual em tópicos, inserir questões de reforço, lista de discussão e verificar o desempenho dos alunos. CONCLUSÃO: o AVA desenvolvido pode ser uma importante ferramenta de educação em saúde em Síndromes Genéticas, abrangendo as mais diversas regiões do país.
De la maternidad elegida a no ser madre (por ahora): anticoncepción y aborto en la vida de las mujeres
Authors: Rostagnol Susana
Published: January 2013

Este artículo analiza las formas en que mujeres procuran elegir el momento de su maternidad, y las maneras en que combinan sus prácticas reproductivas en el marco de su sexualidad. La norma conceptiva habla de un tiempo para la maternidad que se inscribe dentro de una serie de requisitos, los cuales, si bien son sociales, marcan las expectativas de las propias mujeres; el tipo de pareja y el momento vital aparecen entre los más importantes. Se examinan las prácticas anticonceptivas de mujeres según los tipos de relación de pareja en que se encuentran; el lugar ocupado por la medicalización de los cuerpos; y la relación entre la anticoncepción y los embarazos no esperados. Emergen marcadas diferencias en los significados y prácticas reproductivas entre mujeres de estratos bajos y de capas medias. El aborto se presenta como una forma de demorar el inicio del ciclo reproductivo entre mujeres de camadas medias, mientras que en estratos bajos aparece hacia el final de dicho ciclo, o para distanciar los nacimientos.
A MISSING LINK IN THE EVOLUTION OF THE CUMULATIVE RECORDER
Authors: Asano Toshio , Lattal Kennon A.
Published: December 2012

A recently recovered cumulative recorder provides a missing link in the evolution of the cumulative recorder from a modified kymograph to a reliably operating, scientifically and commercially successful instrument. The recorder, the only physical evidence of such an early precommercial cumulative recorder yet found, was sent to Keio University in Tokyo, Japan, in 1952 at the behest of B. F. Skinner at Harvard University. Last used in research in the late 1960s, the cumulative recorder remained locked in a storage room until 2007, when it was found again. A historical context for the recorder is followed by a description of the recorder and a comparison between it and the commercially successful Gerbrands Model C‐1 recorder. Labeled the Keio recorder, it is a testament to Skinner's persistence in developing a reliable means of quantifying the behavior of living organisms in real time.
Development of a Seismic Design Approach for Infill Walls Equipped with Structural Fuse
Authors: Aliaari Mohammad , Memari Ali M.
Published: December 2012

Presented herein is a seismic design approach developed for a proposed infill wall “structural fuse” system for use in building frames. The purpose of this system is to prevent damage to frame or infill walls due to infill wall-frame in-teraction during potentially damaging earthquakes by isolating them through a “sacrificial” component or a structural fuse. The design approach includes a procedure for design and application of the fuse system in a multi-bay, multi-story build-ing with moment resisting frames. The empirical equation developed to predict the in-plane strength of masonry infill walls equipped with structural fuse is discussed. A calculation method is suggested to specify an appropriate fuse element capacity arrangement in a building frame in order to achieve desirable and controlled structural performance. The design procedure is shown through application to two buildings used for example, a low-rise (4-story) and a mid-rise (8-story) building. The result of the study demonstrates that the proposed isolation system has merits and can potentially improve the seismic performance of masonry infill walls by protecting the infill wall and the frame from damages due to their in-teraction.
Anaphylaxis After Ingesting Ibuprofen Liquid Gelatin-Capsule
Authors: Al-Ghimlas Fahad , Al-Ahmed Nasser , Mace Sean
Published: December 2012

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used daily by millions of patients worldwide for the management of
various inflammatory diseases. Many well-documented adverse reactions are related to the use of these drugs. We report a
fifty-four year-old woman with anaphylaxis after ingestion of ibuprofen liquid in a gelatin capsule. Eventually this was
concluded to have resulted from hypersensitivity to the gelatin component of the capsule, which was likely IgE-mediated
because of the positive skin test to gelatin. Gelatin allergy is only relevant for patients ingesting specific capsule formulation.
The allergist/clinical immunologist must keep in mind the possibility of gelatin allergy.
Current quality assurance concepts and considerations for quality control of in-clinic biochemistry testing
Authors: Lester Sally , Harr K. E. , Rishniw Mark , Pion Paul
Published: December 2012

Quality assurance is an implied concept inherent in every consumer's purchase of a product or service. In laboratory testing, quality assurance encompasses preanalytic (sampling, transport, and handling prior to testing), analytic (measurement), and postanalytic (reporting and interpretation) factors. Quality-assurance programs require that procedures are in place to detect errors in all 3 components and that the procedures are characterized by both documentation and correction of errors. There are regulatory bodies that provide mandatory standards for and regulation of human medical laboratories. No such regulations exist for veterinary laboratory testing. The American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ASVCP) Quality Assurance and Laboratory Standards Committee was formed in 1996 in response to concerns of ASVCP members about quality assurance and quality control in laboratories performing veterinary testing. Guidelines for veterinary laboratory testing have been developed by the ASVCP. The purpose of this report was to provide an overview of selected quality-assurance concepts and to provide recommendations for quality control for in-clinic biochemistry testing in general veterinary practice.
Prevalence of and exposure factors for seropositivity to H3N8 canine influenza virus in dogs with influenza-like illness in the United States
Authors: Anderson Tara C. , Crawford P. Cynda , Dubovi Edward J. , Gibbs E. Paul J. , Hernandez Jorge A.
Published: December 2012

Objective—To estimate the seroprevalence of antibodies against H3N8 canine influenza virus (CIV) in a population of US dogs with influenza-like illness (ILI) and to identify factors associated with seropositivity.

Design—Cross-sectional study.

Animals—1,268 pet and shelter dogs with ILI in 42 states.

Procedures—Serum samples collected from dogs from 2005 through June 2009 were tested for H3N8 CIV antibodies with a hemagglutination inhibition assay. Intrinsic factors (age, breed, and sex), extrinsic factors (dogs housed in a shelter facility, boarding kennel, or other setting), and geographic region (southwest, west, Midwest, southeast, and northeast) were compared between seropositive and seronegative dogs to identify variables associated with seropositivity.

Results—Most (750/1,268 [59%]) dogs in the study were from Colorado, Florida, or New York. The overall seroprevalence of antibodies against H3N8 CIV was 49% (618/1,268 dogs; 95% confidence interval, 46% to 51%). The annual prevalence of H3N8 CIV seropositivity increased from 2005 (44%) to 2006 (53%) and 2007 (62%), then decreased in 2008 (38%) and 2009 (15%). The likelihood of H3N8 CIV seropositivity was associated with geographic region (southeast during 2005, west and northeast during 2006 and 2007, and northeast during 2008) and exposure setting (dogs housed in a shelter facility or boarding kennel during 2005 and 2006).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of this study suggested there is a need for continued surveillance for H3N8 CIV infection in dogs in the United States and that personnel in communal dog-housing facilities should formulate, implement, and evaluate biosecurity protocols to reduce the risk of CIV transmission among dogs.
Comparison of pH and refractometry index with calcium concentrations in preparturient mammary gland secretions of mares
Authors: Korosue Kenji , Murase Harutaka , Sato Fumio , Ishimaru Mutsuki , Kotoyori Yasumitsu , Tsujimura Koji , Nambo Yasuo
Published: December 2012

Objective—To test the usefulness of measuring pH and refractometry index, compared with measuring calcium carbonate concentration, of preparturient mammary gland secretions for predicting parturition in mares.

Design—Evaluation study.

Animals—27 pregnant Thoroughbred mares.

Procedures—Preparturient mammary gland secretion samples were obtained once or twice daily 10 days prior to foaling until parturition. The samples were analyzed for calcium carbonate concentration with a water hardness kit (151 samples), pH with pH test paper (222 samples), and refractometry index with a Brix refractometer (214 samples). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for each test were calculated for evaluation of predicting parturition.

Results—The PPV within 72 hours and the NPV within 24 hours for calcium carbonate concentration determination (standard value set to 400 μg/g) were 93.8% and 98.3%, respectively. The PPV within 72 hours and the NPV within 24 hours for the pH test (standard value set at 6.4) were 97.9% and 99.4%, respectively. The PPV within 72 hours and the NPV within 24 hours for the Brix test (standard value set to 20%) were 73.2% and 96.5%, respectively.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that the pH test with the standard value set at a pH of 6.4 would be useful in the management of preparturient mares by predicting when mares are not ready to foal. This was accomplished with equal effectiveness of measuring calcium carbonate concentration with a water hardness kit.
Germination ecology of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and Ambrosia trifida L. biotypes suspected of glyphosate resistance
Authors: Dinelli Giovanni , Marotti Ilaria , Catizone Pietro , Bosi Sara , Tanveer Asif , Abbas Rana , Pavlovic Danijela
Published: January 2013

The germination ecology of Ambrosia artemisiifolia and A. trifida glyphosate susceptible biotypes sampled in marginal areas, was compared with that of the same species but different biotypes suspected of glyphosate resistance, common and giant ragweed, respectively. The suspected resistant biotypes were sampled in Roundup Ready® soybean fields. Within each weed species, the seeds of the biotype sampled in marginal area were significantly bigger and heavier than those of the biotype sampled in the soybean fields. A. artemisiifolia biotypes exhibited a similar dormancy and germination, while differences between A. trifida biotypes were observed. A. artemisiifolia biotypes showed similar threshold temperature for germination, whereas, the threshold temperature of the susceptible A. trifida biotype was half as compared to that of the resistant A. trifida biotype. No significant differences in emergence as a function of sowing depth were observed between susceptible A. artemisiifolia and suspected resistant A. trifida biotype, while at a six-cm seedling depth the emergence of the A. artemisiifolia susceptible biotype was 2.5 times higher than that of the A. trifida suspected resistant biotype. This study identified important differences in seed germination between herbicide resistant and susceptible biotypes and relates this information to the ecology of species adapted to Roundup Ready® fields. Information obtained in this study supports sustainable management strategies, with continued use of glyphosate as a possibility.
A Robotic Framework for Controlling Human’s Attention
Authors: Hoque Mohammed Moshiul
Published: January 2013

It is a major challenge in HRI to design a social robot that is able to selectively direct a target human’s attention towards an intended direction. For this purpose, the robot may first turn its gaze toward him/her in order to establish eye contact. However, such a turning action of the robot may not in itself be sufficient to make eye contact with the target person in all situations, especially when the robot and the person are not facing each other or the human is intensely engaged in a task. In this paper, we propose a conceptual model of attention control with five phases: attention attraction, eye contact, attention avoidance, gaze back, and attention shift. Evaluation experiment by using a robotic head reveals the effectiveness of the proposed model in different viewing situations.
Heavy metals in two host-parasite systems: tapeworm vs. fish
Authors: Baruš Vlastimil , Šimková Andrea , Prokeš Miroslav , Peňáz Milan , Vetešník Lukáš
Published: January 2013

The tissue of two tapeworm species (Ligula intestinalis and Bathybothrium rectangulum) and body muscles of their fish host species were analyzed for heavy metal concentrations by standard methods using atomic absorption spectrometry. Regarding the values of accumulation ratio, the L. intestinalis accumulated 12.5–18.9 × more lead, 2.3–3 × more cadmium, and 4.4–14.1 × more chrome, compared to respective metal concentrations in muscles of cyprinid intermediate fish hosts. The gravid strobila biomass of the B. rectangulum accumulated 2.2 × more lead, 1.2 × more nickel, and 2.3 × more chrome compared with the respective concentrations in the muscles of the barbel Barbus barbus. Metal concentrations in the muscles of uninfected fish and by tapeworm infected barbels showed that the uninfected individuals exhibited 1.4 × more lead, 1.6 × more nickel and 1.7 × more chrome than the infected ones. Our study suggests that parasites are a useful bioindicator when evaluating environmental pollution of aquatic ecosystems by heavy metals.
Understanding Constraints and Their Impact On School Excursion Tourism
Authors: Dale Naomi F. , Ritchie Brent W. , Keating Byron W.
Published: December 2012

School excursion tourism is a relatively underresearched and poorly understood segment of the tourism industry despite its strong economic potential. this article draws on the leisure constraints theory to examine barriers to overnight school excursions in Australia. A self-completed
online survey by 1,314 school excursion decision makers measured the importance of these constraints to overnight school excursions, together with information on the schools' characteristics. the results reveal a four-factor structure instead of a three-factor structure, with structural constraints
divided into destination and school-based structural factors. Intrapersonal and interpersonal constraints were also found to be important in undertaking overnight school excursions. Our analysis also revealed that constraints differ based on school characteristics, reconfirming that the school
market is not a homogenous one. the article concludes with recommendations for destination and attraction managers interested in increasing school excursion visitations.
Tourism, Culture, and the Creative Industries: Reviving Distressed Neighborhoods with Arts-Based Community Tourism
Authors: Aquino Jessica , Phillips Rhonda , Sung Heekyung
Published: December 2012

Ample attention is paid to the role of arts and culture in community and economic development. however, much less attention is given to its role at the neighborhood area, as well as relationships to local or community tourism. Our goal in this article is to explore how arts and the
creative industries influence community-based tourism in neighborhoods needing revitalization. Using an embedded case study analysis approach, two areas were explored: one in the Roosevelt Arts District in Phoenix, Arizona and the other in the South End Arts + Business District in Burlington,
Vermont. We find that arts and creative industries do indeed play a role in fostering neighborhood revitalization. Much of the activity centers on fostering capacity building and social interactions, leading to community development outcomes. In both cases, revitalization is occurring. lessons
learned are presented, illustrating the importance of arts and culture in a framework of community-based tourism and revitalization.
Greening of the Pride Toronto Festival: Lessons Learned
Authors: Dodds Rachel , Graci Sonya
Published: December 2012

Pride Toronto is one of Canada's biggest festivals, drawing in over 1 million people. This festival attempted to become the greenest festival in Canada by achieving zero waste and carbon neutrality by 2015. Despite specific goals, funding, and expertise along with a carbon, waste, and
benchmark audit, the festival failed to continue greening its operations. This article, using a case study approach, outlines findings that include a misalignment of sustainability values as part of their corporate culture. In addition, other politics and power struggles within the organization
overrode sustainability efforts. Recommendations include having an inside leader to spearhead sustainability efforts and that greening must become a core initiative rather than a side project of a festival to ensure success. Conclusions suggest that despite the support from government and
a not-for-profit organization, the efforts made were still unsuccessful. lessons learned from this case study can be applied on a world-wide basis as a lack of awareness about sustainability, stakeholders with conflicting interests, bureaucracy, and politics can all hinder a greening program.
L'adoption, une double naissance
Authors: Drory Diane
Published: January 2013

Résumé Comme tout un chacun, pour naître à une vie pleine, l’adopté a besoin de se situer par rapport à un passé, à une histoire, à un désir fondamental qui concerne sa procréation et ses filiations. Comment concilier l’indéniable dette d’une première identité, constituant narcissique de départ mis en place pendant la grossesse, et la dette envers ceux qui lui ont donné les repères pour construire sa subjectivité ? L’adopté doit aussi intégrer une double loyauté : la loyauté existentielle et la loyauté d’existence. Au départ l’enfant n’est qu’un enfant adopté ; peu à peu les gestes imprégnés de signification des parents adoptifs aideront l’enfant à devenir adoptant. Investissant affectivement ses parents adoptifs, il deviendra un enfant adoptif. D’adopté à adoptif le chemin est long, c’est une lente maturation car dans le processus d’adoption, chacun a des deuils à faire, chacun a un autre à conquérir.