bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studies in Anaphylaxis I. Quantitative Scores for Anaphylaxis in mice
Authors: Claringbold PJ , Sobey WR
Published: July 2016

Quantitative scores for anaphylactic symptoms in mice have been estimated. The usefulness of these scores is discussed, and their superiority over the commonly used quantal score (alive or dead) is emphasized.
The Development of the Epidermis and hair Canals in the Merino Sheep Foetus
Authors: Lyne AG
Published: July 2016

A study has been made of the development of the epidermis and hair canals in Merino sheep foetuses ranging in age from 69 days to birth. The epidermis from several Merino lambs and adults has also been examined.
Nucleic Acids and the Biosynthesis of Collagen
Authors: Springell PH
Published: July 2016

The study of skin protein fractions obtained by salt fractionation indicates that collagen is associated to a greater extent with the ribonucleoprotein fraction than with the deoxyribonucleoprotein fraction. The gelatin derived from the ribonucleoprotein fraction following in vitro incubation of foetal lambskin in the presence of glycine-2-14C was appreciably radioactive. Pre-treatment of the skin with crystalline ribonuclease resulted in a marked inhibition of glycine incorporation into total gelatin. whereas crystalline deoxyribonuclease had little effect. It is therefore concluded that ribonucleic acid rather than deoxyribonucleic acid is associated with the biosynthesis of collagen.
The Effect of Developing Embryos on Plant Viruses
Authors: Crowley NC
Published: July 2016

The theory that inactivation of tobacco mosaic virus by developing embryos prevents its seed transmission was tested by growing tomato embryos in media containing the virus. In many trials, using a variety of techniques, no evidence of any virus�inactivating activity was detected.
The Metabolism of Ascaris Lumbricoides Ovaries III. The Synthesis of Alanine From Pyruvate and Ammonia
Authors: Pollak JK
Published: July 2016

Small amounts of a-amino nitrogen are formed when dialysed ovary homogenates are incubated with ammonium chloride, sodium pyruvate, and various cofactors.
Studies in Anaphylaxis II. Dose Responses to Bovine Plasma Albumin in Mice
Authors: Sobey WR , Adams KM
Published: July 2016

The factors controlling anaphylaxis are discussed.
The Water Relations of Vibrio Metohnikovi at 30°C
Authors: J Marshall Betty , Scott WJ
Published: July 2016

For a strain of Vibrio metchnikovi the rate of growth in liquid media and the number of colouies forming on solid media were both greatly increased by reducing the water activity (awl from c. 0�999 to 0�995.
The Interaction of Ph, Tonicity, and Electrolyte Concentration on the Motility of Fowl Spermatozoa
Authors: Wales RG , White IG
Published: July 2016

The motility of fowl spermatozoa has been studied in vitro under various modifications of pH, osmotic pressure, and chemical composition of diluents. The glucose and sodium chloride content of the diluents has been varied to give tonicities ranging between that of 0�45 and 1�8 per cent. sodium chloride. Tliese diluents were buffered with citric acid-disodium phosphate, sodium phosphates, or sodium carbonate-bicarbonate mixtures which were equally innocuous.
Studies of Sheep Mosaic for Fleece Type I. Patterns and Origin of Mosaicism
Authors: Fraser AS , Short BF
Published: July 2016

Sheep which are mosaic for fleece type are described with emphasis on the patterns of distribution of areas of the mutant fleece type over the body. Probable causes of the underlying mosaicism of skin tissues are discussed.
Studies of Dormancy in the Seeds of Subterranean Clover (Trifolium Subterraneum l.) I. Breaking of Dormancy by Carbon Dioxide and by Activated Carbon
Authors: Ballard LAT
Published: July 2016

Two new methods for breaking the dormancy of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) seeds are described, viz. treatment of imbibed seeds with a low concentration of carbon dioxide, and with activated carbons.
The Physiology of Sugar-Cane II. The Respiration of Harvested Sugar-Cane
Authors: Bieleski RL
Published: July 2016

The respiration drift of harvested sugar-cane, variety Pindar, was similar to t,hat of many fruits. Mechanical shock caused the respiration rate to rise over 16-24 hr to a maximum of 80 per cent. above the initial rate; the rate returned to the initial value during the next 72-120 hr. Corresponding changes occurred in the concentration of oxygen in the intercellular atmosphere. At death, only about 30 per cent. of the available carbohydrate had been used. Respiration reached a maximum rate between 37 and 45�C. Above 40�C the respiratory system soon became permanently damaged.
The Relationship of High-Energy Phosphate Content, Protein Synthesis, and the Climacteric Rise in the Respiration of Ripening Avocado and Tomato Fruits
Authors: Rowan KS , Pratt HK , Robertson RN
Published: July 2016

The relationships between respiration rates and the content of protein nitrogen and high-energy phosphate were investigated in ripening avocado and tomato fruits. The climacteric rise in respiration rate was accompanied by a rise in total high-energy phosphate in avocados ripened after picking; in tomatoes ripening on the plant the change in total high-energy phosphate was not significant_ The ratio of protein nitrogen to total nitrogen increased during the climacteric rise in both fruits. It is concluded that, while the rates of respiration and synthetic processes may be controlled by the phosphate transfer system, the evidence suggests that uncoupling of respiration and phosphorylation does not explain the respiratory climacteric.
The Movement of Leaf Magnesium During the Growth of White Clover Plants
Authors: Neales TF
Published: July 2016

The time drift of the magnesium content of the leaflets of white clover was followed in plants transferred from a nutrient solution containing all the essential elements to one in which magnesium was omitted.
Cholinesterase and the Secretion of the Brain Hormone in Insects
Authors: Monro J
Published: July 2016

Growth and moulting in inseots are stimulated by a hormone from neuroseoretory oells in the brain. In diapause these oells fail to seorete their hormone, ? and van der Kloot (1955) oorrelated this failure with the disappearanoe of oholinesterase and oholinergio substanoe from the brain. The experiments reported here show that eserine, whioh blooks the aotion of oholinesterase, will also retard the adult development of Phalaenoides glycine Lew. (Lepidoptera) if injeoted into the pupa before the brain has released its hormone. But in Pieris rapae L. and Danaus plwippu8 L. (Lepidoptera) the brain has usually seoreted suffioient hormone before pupation and eserine does not delay adult development when it is injeoted into these pupae. Apparently oholinesterase is essential to the secretion of the brain hormone in non-diapausing insects, and by blocking it an artificial diapause may be induced.
Effects of X-Irradiation on Foetal Development
Authors: Fraser AS , Hall RJ
Published: July 2016

Pregnant mice were irradiated at doses of 250 r from 8-11 days and 300 and 350 r from 8-14 days of pregnancy. A marked effect was found on litter size and on the number of fertilized females which produced no young at term. Three groups of facial vibrissae were scored at birth. The irradiation had a marked effect between 10-12 days of pregnancy at both 300 and 350 r, causing both a doubling and a loss of these structures.
Extension-Growth Activities of Some Cyclo Propane Derivatives, a New Class Of Antauxin.
Authors: Kefford NP
Published: July 2016

2,3-Dihydrobenzofur-2,3-yleneacetic acid, 1,2-dihydro-l,2-naphthyleneacetic acid, and cis- and trans-2,3-dihydrothionaphthen-2,3-yleneacetic acid have been shown to competitively inhibit auxin-induced growth of Avena coleoptile sections, and thus are antiauxins. trans-2-Phenylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 2,3dihydrothionaphthen-2,3-yleneacetic acid dioxide, and 1,2-3,4-tetrahydronaphth1,2-3,4-di(yleneacetic acid) were inactive towards coleoptile growth.
Studies on "Haemixodovin", the Pigment in the Eggs of the Cattle Tick Boophilus Microplus(Acarnia: Ixodidae)
Authors: Bremner KC
Published: July 2016

The pigment present in the eggs of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus is shown to be a chromoprotein made up of a water-insoluble globulin conjugated with the prosthetic group protohaem. The name "haemixodovin" is proposed for the pigment, and its spectral absorption characteristics have been described.
Ionic Relations of Cells of Ohara Australis I. Ion Exchange in the Cell Wall
Authors: Dainty J , Hope AB
Published: July 2016

Measurements of ion exchange were made between isolated cell walls of Ohara australis and an external solution. Comparison between intact cells and cell walls showed that nearly all the easily exchangeable cations are located in the cell wall. The wall is hown to consist of "water free space" (W.F.S.) and "Donnan free space" (D.F.S.); the concentration of in diffusible anions in the D.F.S. is about O� 6 equivjl. This finding is contrary to past suggestions that the D.F.S. is in the cytoplasm of plant cells.
Genetic Sampling in a Random Mating Population of Constant Size and Sex Ratio
Authors: Latter BDH
Published: July 2016

An expression is derived for the effective breeding size of a random mating population of constant size and sex ratio, which takes into account reproductive inequalities among the breeding individuals. Consideration is given to the problem of estimating the possible genetic drift in the mean of a given quantitative character in an experimental control population.
Studies of Casein IV. The Isolation of -Casein
Authors: Wake RG
Published: July 2016

The preparation of second-cycle casein-fraction S-from skim milk has been described in Part I of this series (McKenzie and Wake 1959a) and by Waugh and von Hippel (1956). This fraction contains mainly x-casein, as, well as f1- and y-casein, and a number of minor components. In the present communication a method is described for the separation and purification of the K-casein. Some observations on its chemical and physical properties are also included.
Inflorescence Initiation in Lolium Temulentum l. I. Effect of Plant Age and Leaf Area on Sensitivity to Photoperiodic Induction
Authors: Evans LT
Published: July 2016

As they increase in age, plants of L. temulentum require exposure to pro� gressively fewer long days before they can initiate inflorescences, until, after being grown for 5 weeks at 25�C for 8 hr and at 20�C for the remainder of each day, they require only one long day. This increase in sensitivity to photoperiodic induction with age varies to a slight degree with seasonal light conditions. In young plants, exposure to long days for less than the period required for inflorescence initiation increases the rates of leaf initiation and apex elongation.
Simulation of Genetic Systems by Automatic Digital Computers VI. Epistasis
Authors: Fraser AS
Published: July 2016

Simulation, by Monte Carlo methods, of the effect on the genotype of seleotion against phenotypic extremes has shown that selection will lead to fixation of a simple additive genetic system at an extremely slow rate in all but very small populations. In oomplex epistatio systems, such selection operates to modify the relation of the genotype to the phenotype. The relationship beoomes an S�shaped function. The efficienoy of seleotion is independent of population size. The deviation from initial gene frequencies due to selection is far less per unit decrease of phenotypio variability in the epistatic than in the additive lines.
Pathology of Infestation of the Rat With Nippostrongylus Muris (Yokogawa) II. Chemical Constituents of the Jejunum and Dry Weight of the Mucosa
Authors: Symons LEA
Published: July 2016

There was a 50 per cent. gain in the dry weight of the mucosa relative to the unit length of the jejuna of rats infested by the nematode Nippostrongylus muris. The importance of this to measurements of the rate of intestinal fluxes is discussed.
Effects of Naci on the Ion Uptake and Growth of Atriplex Vesicaria Heward
Authors: Black RF
Published: July 2016

Atriplex vesicaria, a xerophytic perennial pasture species of inland Australia, was found to have an extraordinary high tolerance to saline water'cultures; seed, lings were successfully established in solutions up to 1M NaCl.
Ionic Relations of Cells of Chara Australis II. The Indiffusible Anions of the Cell Wall
Authors: Dainty J , Hope AB , Denby Christine
Published: July 2016

Studies of isolated cell walls from Ohara australi8 have been extended to measure the concentration of the endogenous anions of the wall and the pK of the acids which ionize to give these anions. The conce'ntration of in diffusible anions in the wall is O� 8 equiv/l when the external concentration of cations is 20 mN but may be higher when it is greater than this. The mean pK of the acids from which the wall anions are derived is 2� 2.
Urinary Excretion of Creatine in the Sheep
Authors: Blanch E , Setchell BP
Published: July 2016

Creatinuria was found in normal rams, wethers, and ewes on ordinary diets. This finding emphasizes the need for caution> in interpreting urine creatine concentration or creatine to creatinine ratios used as diagnostic aids in muscular dys� trophy in sheep. No change in creatine output per 24 hr was observed when the ewes were fasted for 6 days. Values are given for the ratio creatine clearance to creatinine clearance in rams, wethers, and ewes and for creatine clearance in ewes.
The Oxidation of Cysteine to Sulphate in Soil
Authors: Freney JR
Published: July 2016

The oxidation of cysteine to sulphate by a mixed population of soil microorganisms was studied in a perfusion unit. Intermediates in this reaction were identified by paper chromatography and by an enrichment-reperfusion technique.
The Transport of Carbohydrates in Australian Bracken
Authors: Hamilton Susan , Canny MJ
Published: July 2016

Radioaotive carbon dioxide was fed to braoken fronds and the form in whioh the labelled produots of photosynthesis were moved into the rhizome and to growing buds determined as suorose. It was shown that the products moving away from one frond were severely limited in their spread in the vascular system of the rhizome, being confined to part of the phloem of two of the thirty or so bundles in the neighbourhood of the frond, but spreading into more of the bundles in more distant parts of the rhizome.
The Effects of Sub-Zero Temperatures on The Embryonic Diapause of Acheta Commodus (Walk.) (Orthoptera)
Authors: Hogan TW
Published: July 2016

The effects of temperature on the termination of diapause in eggs of Acheta commodu8 were investigated over the range of -16� 5 to + 12� SoC; the effects on the entry into diapause were also measured by exposing pre-diapause eggs to temperatures of -10�0 to +12�SoC.
Pathology of Infestation of the Rat With Nippostrongylus Muris (Yokogawa) V. Protein Digestion
Authors: Symons LEA
Published: July 2016

The digestion of protein by rats infested with the intestinal nematode N ippostrongylus muris (Yokogawa, 1920) was measured directly by feeding by stomach tube egg albumin labelled with radioiodine. One hour later nearly 70 per cent. was recovered from the gastro�intestinal tract of infested rats, but only 50 per cent. from that of normal rats. This difference was due largely to a depression of digestion in the small intestine, although absorption was also slightly reduced. Gastric digestion was not affected, nor was there any difference between the rates of gastric emptying by normal and infested rats.
A Comparative Study of the Monolayers of Various Cereal Proteins and of Wheat Glutens of Differing Characteristics
Authors: Tschoegl NW
Published: July 2016

Surface films of the proteins extracted by anhydrous acid chloroethanol from strong wheat, weak wheat, rye, barley, oat, defatted oat, and carob germ flour were examined by monolayer techniques at the air/water and the oil/water interface. All proteins gave "ptygmatic" films showing very little differences in the II-A isotherms. They were clearly differentiated in their surface rheological characteristics. These studies indicated that the limiting surface. viscosity at infinite time and the rate constant of the surface viscosity would be the most likely characteristics� to differentiate between gluten films from different wheat flours.
A Correlated Response Mediated Through a Maternal Effect in the House Mouse
Authors: Kindred BM
Published: July 2016

In a line of tabby (Ta) mice selected for high vibrissa score the frequency of the brown (b) gene has been steadily increasing. Brown mice do not have higher vibrissa scores, nor do they have higher viability or fertility. However, the Ta+ offspring of brown mothers have higher scores than those of black mothers, leading to selection of mice carrying the brown gene.
The Absorption and Subsequent Breakdown of Urea by Diapausing Eggs of Acheta Commodus (Walk.) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)
Authors: Hogan TW
Published: July 2016

Solutions of [14C]urea were applied to diapausing eggs of Acheta and found to be absorbed into the eggs. The initial rate of intake varied with the temperature and also with the concentration of the applied solution.
Haemoglobin and Erythrocyte Potassium Types in Sheep and their Influence on Oxygen Dissociation and Haemoglobin Denaturation
Authors: Dawson TJ , Evans JV
Published: July 2016

The influence of haemoglobin type and erythrocyte potassium concentration on oxygen dissociation curves and rate of denaturation of haemoglobin by alkali have been studied in Southdown sheep.
Bioassay of Oestrogen Using Sheep
Authors: Lamond DR , Southcott WH
Published: July 2016

The quantitative assay of oestrogen has been investigated using immature ewes and wethers and adult ovariectomized ewes. Stilboestrol dipropionate was administered at several dosage levels for varying periods, and uterine and cervical weights in the ewes and bulbo�urethral gland weights in the wethers were obtained at slaughter.
Studies in Anaphylaxis V. The Antigenic Complexity of, and Cross-Reactions Between, Armour Bovine Plasma Albumin Fraction V and Armour Bovine Gamma-Globulin Fraction II
Authors: Sobey WR , Reisner AH , Adams KM
Published: July 2016

Evidence is presented showing that Armour bovine plasma albumin fraction V and Armour bovine gamma-globulin fraction II are complex antigens which crossreact in anaphylactic induction. The effects of this complexity on quantitative studies of anaphylaxis are discussed. The consequences of the death cut-off point in shocking dose response are also discussed.
The Interaction Between High- and Low-Sulphur Proteins Extracted from -Keratin
Authors: Gillespie JM , O'donnell IJ , Thompson EOP
Published: July 2016

Wool and many mammalian keratins consist of two classes of proteins, one which is higher in sulphur content than the Parent keratin and is of basic character in the unmodified keratin and one which is lower in sulphur content and is acidic in character (Alexander and Earland 1950; Corfield, Robson, and Skinner 1958; Gillespie and Simmonds 1960). In the intact fibre the low-sulphur proteins are thought to occur in the microfibrils and the high-sulphur proteins in the matrix, and the two are probably linked together by disulphide bonds (Birbeck and Mercer 1957; Rogers 1959).
Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus Transmission by Myzus Persicae
Authors: Swenson KG
Published: July 2016

Efficiency of bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) transmission from broad bean source plants varied with age of leaf on which aphids, MYZU8 persicae (Sulz.), fed. Duration of infection in the source plants did not affect transmission. Observations of acquisition feeding behaviour yielded results which are interpreted to indicate that most transmission occurs with virus acquired intracellularly.
The Analysis of Competition Experiments
Authors: Williams EJ
Published: July 2016

In experimental studies of the competition between plant species, plants of two species are grown together in the same pot or plot. To compare a number of species, a suitable balanced arrangement is to grow each species in association with each other and on its own (i.e. associated with itself) once in each replication. The interpretation of the results of such experiments is discussed in this paper.
Studies on Chitin V. The Action of Mineral Acids on Chitin
Authors: Hackman RH
Published: July 2016

Chitin undergoes rapid and extensive degradation at 20�C when dissolved in ION hydrochloric acid, 21N sulphuric acid, or 85% phosphoric acid. Most of the degradation occurs in the first few minutes after the chitin is dissolved and the products formed are oligosaccharides (which are to some extent deacetylated) and N�acetyl-D.glucosamine. Glucosamine was not found except possibly in the smallest traces. "Colloidal" chitin, prepared by precipitation of chitin from solution in cold 21N sulphuric acid, has a very much shorter chain length than the chitin from which it was prepared. Chitin is more stable in dilute (2N) hydrochloric acid.
Radioautographic Studies of the Incorporation of [35s]Cystine into Wool
Authors: Downes AM , Lyne AG , Clarke WH
Published: July 2016

A study has been made of the distribution of radioactivity in skin samples and in plucked wool fibres taken at intervals after giving intravenous injections 0f DL� and L.[35S]cystine respectively to two adult Corriedale sheep. The results indicated that radioactivity extends throughout the whole of the unkeratinized wool root 1 hr after the injection, appearing first in the suprabulbar region of the follicle and spreading distally to the keratinized region. Less than 3% of the spread of radioactivity during the first hour could be explained on the basis of fibre growth.
Fungal Cellulases X. Further Purification of the ?-Glucosidase of Stachybotrys Atra
Authors: Jermyn MA
Published: July 2016

Chromatographic methods for preparing a carbohydrate-protein complex containing an apparently homogeneous single ,a-glucosidase species are described. This complex may be disrupted to give an enzymically active, but very unstable protein. There seems to be a single ,a-glucosidase present in S. atra culture filtrates, fractionations on the column being due to complexing with polysaccharide. Many of the cases reported in the literature of "multiple enzyme components" in simi� lar systems have never been shown to have components of distinctly different enzyme properties. In the absence of such demonstrations, the present observations cast doubt on the individuality of these reported components in the iochemical sense and they may best be interpreted as a series of physically stable. complexes.
Ultrastructure of the Developing Wheat Endosperm
Authors: Buttrose MS
Published: July 2016

The application of modern electron-microscope techniques to the developing endosperm of the variety Gaho wheat (Triticum vulgare) demonstrates that before cell walls form between the close-packed free nuclei some undifferentiated spherical bodies are present although none can be classified as plastids, mitochondria, or Goigi complexes. Apparently the initial development of cell walls does not take place by an alignment of vesicles along a plane as occurs in normal meristematically dividing plant tissues. Soon after cell wall formation organelles become recognizable, although their origin is still obscure. Extensive sac-like proliferations of the outer nuclear membrane are seen and a connection with the endoplasmic reticulum membrane system is postulated. A blebbing of the inner nuclear membrane also occurs; nuclear material appears in the proliferations of the outer nuclear membrane and, it is supposed, this material becomes continuous with the ground cytoplasm.
Kinin Activity From Plant Extracts II. Partial Purification and Fractionation of Kinins in Apple Extract
Authors: Zwar JA , Bottomley W , Kefford NP
Published: July 2016

The extraction and partial purification of kinins from Pyrus malu.s cv. Granny Smith fruitlets are described. Tracing progress by means of a biological assay based on cell-division induction in tobacco pith, the kinins, extracted from fruitlets with aqueous ethanol, were partially purified by the following steps: (i) a.dsorption on a cation-exchange resin and displacement with ammonium hydroxide, (ii) adsorption on carbon and elution with pyridine-ethanol-ammonium hydroxide, and (iii) passage through a polyamide resin. When chl'omatographed on paper, the kinin �activity in. the purified extract was resolved into at least foUl' zones, each having independent activity. The kinin of the most active zone was purified 900-fold.
The Physiology of Sugar-Cane VI. Effects of Temperature, Light, and Water on Set Germination and Early Growth of Saccharum Spp.
Authors: Whiteman PC , Bull TA , Glasziou KT
Published: July 2016

Freshly cut sets from irrigated cane gave 100% germination without an external water supply. Pre-soaking did not accelerate germination or subsequent growth.
Studies in Artificial Selection of Quantitative Characters I. Selection for Abdominal Bristles in Drosophila Melanogaster
Authors: Sheldon BL
Published: July 2016

Genetic and phenotypic parameters for number of abdominal bristles were estimated from diallel crosses in a wild-type laboratory stock, Oregon-Reo Two replicate mass selection lines in both high and low directions were developed and run for over 30 generations. The same parameters were estimated from dianel ~rosses at intervals during the experiment.
Short Communication Antibiotic Sensitivities of the Root Nodule Bacteria
Authors: Graham PH
Published: July 2016

Variations in the susceptibility of rhizobia to antibiotic substances have been previously reported. Fogle and Allen (1948) considered lupin and soybean rhizobia to be more susceptible to various 'streptomycete antibiotics than other species of rhizobia. In contrast, Landerkin and Lochhead (1948) noted that strains of Rhizobium japonicum were less susceptible to actinomycete antibiotics than were other soil organisms tested.
The Ultrastructure of the Vegetative Cell of Blue-Green Algae
Authors: Wildon DC , Mercer FV
Published: July 2016

An electron.microscopic study has been made of thG vegetative cells of eight genera of the blue-green algae. A basic structure has been defined for the vegetative cell. There is a cytoplasmic matrix which extends throughout the cell. No membranebound organelles of the categories chloroplast, mitochondrion, nucleus, golgi body, and endoplasmic reticulum can be recognized therein. There are two regions within the cell. The peripheral region is distinguished by the presence of "photosynthetic" lamellae and various granular inclusions. The central region is distinguished by the presence of crystalline granules, and areas of low electron density which resemble the nucleoid regions of bacteria. Ribosome.like granules are seen scattered throughout the cytoplasmic matrix.
Silage Bacteriology I. Water Activity and Temperature Relationships of Silage Strains of Lactobacillus Plantarum, Lactobacillus Brevis, and Pediococcus Cerevisiae
Authors: Lanigan GW
Published: July 2016

Logarithmic growth rates and apparent lag periods of Lb. plantarum, Lb. brevi8, and P. cere'Visiae are relatively resistant to lowering of the water activity of the growth medium. At 30�C, limiting water activity values for growth of these sp~cies have been found to be 0�920-0� 930, 0'945-0�950, and 0�930-0�940, respectively. No appreciable interaction of water activity and temperature, in relation to growth of these bacteria, could be demonstrated.
Plant Responses to Saline Substrates III. Effect of Nutrient Concentration on the Growth and Ion Uptake of Hordeum Vulgare During a Sodium Chloride Stress
Authors: Greenway H
Published: July 2016

Sodium chloride, at a concentration of 50 m-equiv/l. was applied to substrates with total nutrient concentrations of 0 -4, 1�7, and 17 m-equivjl. Treatment effects were studied over a 7 -day period.
The Spatial Relationships Between Skin Follicles During Their Development in Sheep
Authors: Claxton JH
Published: July 2016

The spatial relationships among primary skin follicles and among the total skin follicle population have been measured and compared during follicle initiation and development in foetuses of Romney X Southdown cross and Merino sheep.
The Electrophoretic Heterogeneity of Ovine Laotate Dehydrogenase
Authors: Masters CJ
Published: July 2016

The lactate dehydrogenase activity of ovma tissues has been meaSUI'ed and the existence of electrophoretically distinct forms of this enzyme confirmed. Distribution patterns of these isoenzymes have been charted for the main tissues, and the plasma pattern has been utilized as a olinioal parameter of tissue function in prolonged protein depletion.
Properties of Gluten Fractions Prepared by Ion-Exchange Chromatography on Carboxymethyl-Cellulose
Authors: Lee JW , Tracey MV , Winzor DJ , Wrigley CW , Zentner H
Published: July 2016

Seven fractions obtained from wheat gluten by chromatography on carboxy~ methyl-cellulose were studied by ultracentrifugation, gel electrophoresis, chemical, and N-terminal amino acid analysis. On rechromatography, five fractions eluted by sodium chloride behaved as distinct entities. illtracentrifuge experiments indicated that four of these were each undergoing rapid, reversible association. Several N-terminal amino acids were found in each of the fractions which, moreover, could be resolved by the gel technique into a number of electrophoretic bands, some bands being common to those of neighbouring fractions. Total nitrogen values showed the chromatographic samples to be essentially free from non-protein material.
The Evolutionary Significance of Sugar Accumulation in Saccharum
Authors: Bull TA , Glasziou KT
Published: July 2016

Sugar levels in the various species of the Saccharum complex suggest an evolutionary increase in sugar content. Under suitable ecological conditions, survival through sucker growth may be dependent on rapid mobilization of stored carbohydrate. Selection pressure for sucrose storage would then oocur if sucrose was more readily remobilized than other storage carbohydrates. It is suggested that this ecological situation occurred in New Guinea, and that natural and not human selection lead to the evolution of S. oJJicinarum.
Studies on the Use of Cetyl Alcohol as a Transpiration Suppressor
Authors: Kriedeman PE , Neales TF
Published: July 2016

The incorporation of cetyl alcohol into the rooting medium (vermiculite) of wheat plants at a concentration of 5% (wjw) caused a significant reduction in transpiration (expressed on a leaf area basis) in three out of four experiments. However, this effect was accompanied by a significant reduction in photosynthesis (per unit leaf area) and also in plant dry weight. The concentration of phosphorus in the tissue of treated plants was not reduced. The presence of 1 % cetyl alcohol caused no significant transpiration reduction, but did cause a significant depression in photosynthesis and dry weight. The dry weight suppression with 1 % cetyl alcohol was more severe if soil was substituted for vermiculite. The application of cetyl alcohol as a foliar spray reduced transpiration rates but also caused the ultimate death of the treated tissue j the solvent alone did not affect the plants. It is suggested that cetyl alcohol reduces transpiration rates by increasing the resistance to the entry of water into the root system, but that the growth-inhibitory effects of cetyl alcohol preclude its use as a transpiration suppressor.
Rooting of Cuttings of Acer Rubrum l. And Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Dehn.
Authors: Bachelard EP , Stowe BB
Published: July 2016

Rooting of cuttings of A. rubrum and E. camaldulensis taken from seedlings grown under controlled conditions was stimulated by auxin treatments. Indolylbutyric acid at a concentration of 1�0 mgjl was the optimal auxin treatment. Rooting of cuttings was affected by the light conditions under which seedlings were grown.
The Mechanism of Host Penetration by Thanatephorus Cucumeris
Authors: Flentje NT , Dodman RL , Kerr A
Published: July 2016

Evidence is presented in support of the hypothesis that chemical stimuli control the development of infection structures on the host surface by T. cucumeris. On the stem of a young radish seedling there are discrete, susceptible a�reas which become fewer and eventually disappear as the seedling ages. Rubbing the stems of radish seedlings with or without an organic solvent increases the number of infection cushions formed by a crucifor-attacking isolate, and returns an older resistant seedling to the susceptible condition. No infection cushions form on strips of cuticle and epidermis removed from the host.
Mycosphaerella Pinodes II. The Phenology of Ascospore Release
Authors: Carter MV
Published: July 2016

Continuous sampling within the foliage zone of peas grown in field plots at the Waite Institute in two seasons has revealed details of the fluctuation with time and with moisture supply in output of Rscospores of M. pinode8 (Berk. & Blox.) Vestergr. Dew moisture is shown to be effective in causing release of ascospores, but the largest airborne concentrations occur early in periods of rainfall.
Studies of the Fine Structure of the Wax Layer of Sultana Grapes
Authors: Chambers TC , Possingham JV
Published: July 2016

The surface waxy bloom of sultana grapes has been studied using the carbon. replica technique in combination with electron microscopy. This layer consists of a series of overlapping wax platelets, each of which is about 0�1 f' wide. The air spaces between the wax platelets become filled with liquid when sultana berries are dipped in commercial emulsions known to accelerate their drying rate. Washing in distilled water removes this layer of dipping emulsion from the surface. The appearance of dipped and washed grapes is similar to that of untreated grapes.
Factors Affecting Crossing Over in the Tomato
Authors: Griffing B , Langridge J
Published: July 2016

An experimental technique utilizing two seedling mutants permitted an extensive survey, involving over 129,000 observations, of environmental and genetic factors affecting crossover frequency in the tomato. A significant decrease in crossing over associated with aging was demonstrated for a plant pruned to bear fruit clusters only on the main stem. Aging appeared to be the main cause of significant differences in crossing over detected between data collected for different branches on an unpruned plant.
Fatty Acid Components of Ovine Tissue Lipids, and The Response to Prolonged Protein Depletion
Authors: Horgan DJ , Masters CJ
Published: July 2016

The lipids of ovina liver and plasma have been separated by silicic acid chromatography into cholesterol ester, triglyceride, free fatty acid, and phospholipid fractions. Fatty acid constituents of these fractions have been determined by gas chromatography. The lipid content of these tissues was also determined for animals subjected to a prolonged protein depletion.
Studies of Extrafascicular Movement of Water in the Leaf
Authors: Gaf DF , Chamllers TC , Maekus Katalin
Published: July 2016

An extrafascicular pathway of water movement is examined and evidence is presented from electron-microscope observations on the distribution of gold colloids which confirms Strugger's observations of a mass flow of water through the cell walls. This appears to be confined to microcapillaries in some regions of the cell walls of Helxine leaves.
The Nature and Genetic Control of a Red Anthocyanin Pigment in the Root Meristems of Phalaris
Authors: Mowllliam JR Mowllliam JR
Published: July 2016

A red anthocyanin pigment which occurs in the root meristems of certain PhalariB species has been identified as a glycoside of pelargonidin. The pigment has been observed only in plants of the three polyploid species P. minor, P. tuberosa, and P. arundinacea, and is absent in the diploid members of the genus. Genetic studies indicate that the character is simply inherited, involving a single major dominant gene controlling the production of the pigment, and a series of modifier genes influencing the level of its expression. In P. minor, a self.pollinating annual, the gene is widespread and homozygous, but in P. tuberosa and P. arundinacea, both cross-pollinating perennials, it occurs at low frequency largely as the hetero-zygote, and is restricted to certain areas within the range of the distribution of these species. The origin of the gene in Phalaris, and its possible adaptive significance is discussed. Also its value as a single gene marker in breeding studies is indicated.
Resistance Mechanisms of Oxalis Pes-Oaprae (Soursob) to 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
Authors: Marinos NG , H Chapman Fay , May LH
Published: July 2016

The uptake, translocation, and metabolism by O. pes-capl'ae plants of carboxyl-and methyl-labelled [14C]-2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were studied by chromatographic, radioautographic, and scintillation-counting tech-niques. In young O. pes-caprae plants some translocation of 14C out of the treated leaves occurred while in older plants it was severely restricted. Qualitative and quantitative chromatography of the acidic fructions of methanolic extracts soluble in ethel' or ethyl acetate or both revealed the presence of at least 12 radioactive compounds, often within 1 day from treatment. The bulk of the activity (90-95%), was present in a spot chromatographically identical with 2,4.D regardless of the region of the plant or the position of 14C in the molecule. Evidence was obtained that about half of the "presumed" uptake was not accounted for even after 14002 evolution, leakage from roots, and residual activity in extracted material are taken into account. The observed instability of the various radioactive products upon .rechromatography underlines the caution that must be exercised in interpreting the physiological significance of interconversions. It is concluded that restricted trans-location and metabolic attack of the 2,4.D molecule, with the formation of unstable intermediates, some of which may be volatile, are contributing factors in the high resistance of O. pes�caprae to the herbicidal action of 2,4-D.
Pre-Emergence Rotting of Peas in South Australia
Authors: Flentje NT
Published: July 2016

Laboratory tests have shown that individual wrinkle-seeded pea seeds vary in their ability to continue vigorous growth after germination. After the radicle has broken through the testa, SOme produce normal seedlings, some fail to develop further, while others afe intermediate between these extremes and produce stunted seedlings. Thus some seeds capable of germination Ufe incapable of emerging when planted in the field. Poor growth after germination is accompanied by prolific growth of moulds and bacteria on the seeds.
The Influence of Soil Moisture on Infection of Peas by Pythium Ultimum
Authors: Kerr A
Published: July 2016

The mode of action of soil moisture in influencing infection of peas by P. uUimum is examined. It is concluded that soil moisture per unit volume, soil moisture per unit weight, and moisture tension do not affect disease incidence directly. Experimental results indicate that the importance of soil moisture is in its influence on the amount of sugar exuded from pea seeds, and this determines disease incidence. Loss of sugar is also influenced by soil type (more sugar being exuded from peas in a non-aggregated sand than from those in aggregated soils) and by soil bulk density.
Mechanisms of Variation in thanatephorus Auaumeris and t. Pratioolus
Authors: Flentje NT , M Stretton Helena
Published: July 2016

Mechanisms of variation occurring in T. cucumeris and T. praticol'US have been studied in the laboratory and an attempt made to determine how these mechanisms operate under natural conditions. Variation occurs through mutation, heterocaryon formation, and meiosis.
Pectolytic Enzyme Production By Sclerotinia Fructicola (Wint.) Rehm, and Its Role in the Pathogenesis of Stone Fruits
Authors: Reinganum C
Published: July 2016

The production of pectolytic enzymes in vivo and in vitro by S. Jructicola and by Rhizopus arrhizu8 Fischer in vivo is established.
The Isolation and Oharacterization of An Rna Bacteriophage
Authors: Davern CI
Published: July 2016

An enrichment procedure for the isolation of RNA bacteriophage is described. The method involves the inoculation of sewage samples into cultures of Escherichia coli K-12 Hfr under conditions where DNA synthesis is restricted by the addition of 5-fiuorodeoxyuridine to the culture medium. Six phage isolates were made and all of them were shown to be male-specific. One of the male-specific phage was further characterized as an RNA phage, having very similar properties to RNA phage already isolated in other parts oftha world. This RNA phage has a buoyant density of 1�42 g/cm3 in caesium chloride. and has a sedimentation coefficient of 79'5 Sin O'Ol:M Tria-HOI buffer, pH 7� 4, at 20�0.
Further Data On the Effect of Ammonia On the Termination of Diapause in Eggs of Teleogryllus Commodus (Walk.) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)
Authors: Hogan TW
Published: July 2016

The relationship between the concentration of ammonia and the period of application required to cause termination of diapause in T. commodU8 eggs was determined. Aliquots of ammonium hydroxide of specified concentration were used as a source of gaseous ammonia. It was shown that the higher the concentration of the ammonia the shorter was the period of exposure required to give a significant rise in the rate of termination of diapause. The extent to which the period could be reduced by raising the concentration was limited by the onset of toxicity at the higher concentrations.
An Investigation of Certain Components of the Venom of the Female Sydney Funnel Web Spider, Atrax Robustus Cambr.
Authors: M Gilbo Catherjne , Coles NW
Published: July 2016

Venom of the female fUnnel web spider, A. robustus, was heated and diaIysed. From the diffusate was isolated a toxic component which was ninhydrin.positive and had a peak of maximum absorption at 278 rnp.. This material was electrophoreticaUy and chromatographically homogeneous. The lethal dose for mice was of the same order as crude venom or diffusate, but it produced markedly different toxic symptoms. Acid hydrolysis released spermine as the only ninydrin.reactive substance, and a number ofultraviolet-absorhing components. Free y.aminobutyric acid was identified as a major ninhydrin-reactive component of this venom.
Crimp in Wool: Growth Characteristics of Well-Crimped and Abnormally Crimped Fibres
Authors: Chapman RE , Short BF
Published: July 2016

Poorly orimped fibres are shorter than fibres with good or intermediate crimp within staples of medium Merino wool, irrespective of the degree of abnormality in staple crimp_ As staple crimp deteriorates, poorly crimped fibres are progressively thicker and to some extent heavier than well-crimped fibres. The cortical cells in poorly crimped fibres are thicker and larger in volume than cells in well.crimped fibres, irrespective of staple crimp abnormality. but become progressively shorter as staple crimp deteriorates.
Effects of Day Length and Light Intensity on Growth of Barley
Authors: Aspinall D , Paleg LG
Published: July 2016

The effects of variations in light intensity, photoperiod, and light quality on shoot dry weight, tillering, and leaf growth of barley (cv. Prior) have been examined in controlled environments. The rates of tillering and of dry matter production were primarily dependent upon the total radiant energy incident upon the plants. Tiller-iug was unaffected by changes in the photoperiod (independent of light energy) or in the spectral composition of the light which profoundly affected apical develop-ment. At low light intensities, tiller buds on the main axis only elongated, whereas at higher intensities secondary and higher�order tillers were produced. The largest number of tillers was associated with the coieoptile node, and tiller production declined regularly with each successive node up the main axis.
Effect of Calcium Level in the Substrate on the Distribution of 45Ca in Subterranean Clover (Trifolium Subterraneum L.)
Authors: Millikan CR , Hanger BC
Published: July 2016

Calcium level in the substrate was found to have a very marked effect on the distribution of 45Ca in subterranean clover. Sites of initial accumulation of 45Ca included the vein endings along the distal margins of the leaflets, the lateral veins, and the proximal halves of the petioles
The Formation of Polyphosphate in Banksia Ornata, an Australian Heath Plant
Authors: WJeffrey D
Published: July 2016

The Australian heath plant, B. ornata (Proteaceae), has been grown in water culture at a low phosphate level (0�001 p.p.m. phosphorus). Such plants, 22 weeks or more in age, have been used for 24-hr uptake experiments with 3l1P-labelled orthophosphate. Characteristics of 32p distribution are a low translocation from roots to tops, and the formation of a large fraction of trichloroacetic acid-insoluble phosphorus in the roots.
A Study of Root Exudates by the Fog-Box Technique
Authors: Clayton MF , Lamberton JA
Published: July 2016

The fog-box technique has been used to grow plants of Tagetes species and Al"!Jizzia lophantha Benth. for root exudate studies. The quantity of organic matter detected in the root drip was extremely small. The results are discussed and compared with findings previously reported in the literature.
The Fraotionation of ?-Histones From Ohicken Erythrooyte Nuolei
Authors: Bellair JT , Mauritzen OM
Published: July 2016

The isolation of a group of low molecular weight, lysine-rich c.:-histones from chicken erythrocyte nuclei is described. Starch-gel electrophoresis indicates that this crude a-histone complex contains 13 components. Precipitation of the complex with ethanol at pH 8-0 and 9�5 has resulted in a partial fractionation of these proteins although no clean-cut separation was obtained. All these components aJ'e of low molecular weight (sedimentation coefficients = 0�8 S) but at pH values above 8 some of these components, notably components 2, 4, and 5, aggregate. The fractiona-tion of these histones by precipitation at pH 11�0 is described.
The Fractionation of ?-Histones From Chicken Erythrocyte Nuclei
Authors: Bellair JT , Mauritzen OM
Published: July 2016

Crude IX-histone, obtained from the original histone complex by precipitation of the f3-and y-histones with ethanol, has been shown by starch-gel electrophoresis to contain 13 components. The fractionation of IX-histone by exclusion chromatography on Sephadex G-200 is reported. While none of these components have been obtained pure in the present study, considerable purification of components 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, and 11 has been achieved, and their amino acid composition leaves no doubt that o::-histones represent a muoh larger family of "lysine-rich" proteins than was hitherto supposed.
Effects of Chelation and of Certain Cations on the Mobility of Foliar-Applied 45ca in Stock, Broad Bean, Peas, and Subterranean Clover
Authors: Millikan CR , Hanger BC
Published: July 2016

A series of water-culture experiments was conducted with broad bean (Vicia faba L.), common stock (Mathiola incana R. Br.), subterranean clover (Trifolium Bubterraneum L.), and garden peas (PiBum Bativum L.) grown in normal-and low-calcium nutrient solutions. Leaves of the plants were either injected or s,,!rface-treated with an aqueous solution of 45CaCh with and without various additions to the dose. The subsequent distribution of 45Ca in the plants was determined by means of radioautographs and radioassays.