bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous biliary perforation in a child: case report and review
Authors: Pavlushin Pavel M. , Porshennikov Ivan A. , Pavlik Vladimir N. , Tsyganok Vladislav N. , Gramzin Alexey V.
Published: January 2023

Spontaneous perforation of the external biliary tract is an extremely rare pathology in childhood, presented in the literature by description of clinical cases. To date, a unified approach to the treatment of children with this pathology has not been developed.
The paper presents a clinical case of spontaneous perforation of the anterior wall of the common hepatic duct in a child of seven months, with the development of bilioperitoneum against the background of obstruction of the common bile duct by bilirubin calculi.
CASE REPORT. The disease began acutely with repeated vomiting, stool acholia, dark urine, and an increase in the size of the abdomen in a 7-month-old child. Examination in the hospital revealed ascites, cholecystitis and shadows of calculi in the projection of the hepatoduodenal ligament. According to the results of laparocentesis, bilioperitoneum was noted. The patient underwent laparotomy, 300 ml of serous-biliary effusion was removed from the abdominal cavity. On the anterior semicircle of the common hepatic duct there is a defect from which bile flows. Suturing of the perforation of the biliary tree, cholecystectomy and drainage of the external bile ducts through the stump of the cystic duct were performed. The cholangiostomy was removed after 1.5 months. Follow-up 1 year and 3 months, pathology is not determined during the examination.
CONCLUSIONS. Sewing up the site of primary perforation with drainage of the external biliary tract can help accelerate the reparative process with a decrease in the risk of developing a biliary fistula. Performing primary reconstructive interventions on the abdominal cavity compromised by bilioperitoneum, in our opinion, is too risky.
To the 75th Anniversary of Viktor V. Nesterov
Authors: Blandinsky Valery F.
Published: January 2023

The paper describes the professional activities and merits of the pediatric surgeon Viktor V. Nesterov in celebration of his anniversary.
Commentary on the article "Chronic obstruction of the stomach as a result of congenital malformation in a child of 1.10 months. Case report"
Authors: Sokolov Yury Yu.
Published: January 2023

Commentary on the article Schneider IS, Tsap NA, Gaydysheva EV, Timoshinov MYu, Ekimov MN, Smirnova SE. Chronic obstruction of the stomach as a result of congenital malformation in a child of 1.10 months. Case report published in the Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care. 2022;12(4):513520. (In Russ.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/psaic1283
Investigation of the physical model of the skim milk drying process in an electric field
Authors: Nikolaev Nikolay S. , Burlev Mikhail Y. , Kornienko Vladimir N.
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND: One of the promising approaches for the intensification of technological processes associated with food products is the use of an electric field. An effective solution to this issue requires the development of a physical model of the interaction of an electric field with a raw material of biological origin, taking into account its characteristics and processes occurring at the macro- and the microlevels.
AIM: To develop a physical model of the interaction of an electric field with a raw material of biological origin, taking into account its characteristics and processes occurring at the macro- and microlevels. Evaluation of the efficiency of using the electric field and their influence on the processed product.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A physical model was developed for the drying of skimmed milk in an electric field using a complex method, including experimental studies and a systematic approach to the processing and substantiation of the results and conclusions.
RESULTS: The electrokinetic phenomenon of microelectroosmosis, which involves the movement of a liquid along the microcapillaries of a porous structure under the action of an electric field was confirmed experimentally. The nature of the kinetics of the process of liquid movement through microcapillaries and its dependence on the parameters of the electric field was experimentally established. The quantitative variation of the height and the rate of rise of the liquid rise along microcapillaries as a function of time was determined for different frequencies of applied electrical impulses.
CONCLUSIONS: The complex model of the convective drying process suggests that the process of drying could be controlled and accelerated by the application of electric pulses due to microelectroosmosis, which activates the transformation of liquid (milk) along the internal (channels) capillaries of the dried particles of skimmed milk powder from the center to its surface.
Modern principles of etiotropic therapy for chronic hepatitis B and C
Authors: Kuznetsov Nikolay I. , Moiseeva Irina E.
Published: January 2023

The review includes an analysis of literature data on the etiotropic therapy of chronic viral hepatitis B and C. In this review, we focused on the efficacy and safety of drugs that have been included in international and Russian guidelines for etiotropic therapy of chronic viral hepatitis B and C. The analysis of the feasibility of using antiviral drugs in real clinical practice was carried out, based on research data on the study of the mechanisms of action, efficacy and possible side effects of these drugs.
Results of the All-Russian Conference with international participation “Science and Practice. Why does a family physician need clinical recommendations?”
Authors: Kuznetsova Olga Yu. , Moiseeva Irina E.
Published: January 2023

The article provides information about the All-Russian Conference with international participation Science and Practice. Why does a family doctor need clinical recommendations?, dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the founding of the scientific and practical journal Russian Family Doctor. The event took place on-line in St. Petersburg on October 20, 2022. The article summarizes the content of the reports in which the main principles of creating clinical guidelines, the problems of providing medical care to elderly patients with cognitive impairments in the light of updated clinical guidelines, the planning of scientific research aimed at studying the course of a new coronavirus infection, the problems of providing medical care to elderly people with arterial hypertension, and the choice of pain relief were considered. in comorbid patients, a strategy for detecting chronic obstructive disease in the primary health care setting, the main provisions of the latest clinical guidelines for the management of patients with bronchial asthma issues of predicting fractures in patients with osteoporosis in the framework of international projects, problems of managing comorbid patients with anemic syndrome, features of managing patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease on an outpatient basis, taking into account clinical recommendations.
Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its risk factors among residents of Saint Petersburg and Arkhangelsk (based on the RESPECT project)
Authors: Andreeva Elena A. , Pokhaznikova Marina A. , Popov Vladimir V. , Kuznetsova Olga Yu.
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND: The study of the true prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remains a significant area of research, as there is still a large gap between the official record of detected cases of the disease and epidemiological data.
AIM: To study the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its risk factors in two cities in the North-West region of Russia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A random sample of respondents (2121 residents of Saint Petersburg, 1012 residents of Arkhangelsk); 2974 received qualitative results of spirometry (including 2388 with a bronchodilator test). The questionnaire included demographic, socioeconomic indicators, and risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
RESULTS: The average age (54.9 9.2 and 52.3 9.2 years) and the proportion of respondents with higher education (37.4% and 29.7%) were higher in Saint Petersburg (compared to Arkhangelsk, p 0.0001). The proportion of ever smokers (49.5% and 44.4 %, p = 0.008), as well as the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (7.6% and 5.4%, p = 0.044), were higher in Saint Petersburg. In Arkhangelsk, exposure to biomass fuel and occupational hazards were more often noted. The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was higher in smokers and increased with age; the prevalence of smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was higher in men.
CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk factors allows us to better understand not only the prevalence but also the structure and significance of each risk factor in different populations, which will improve the early diagnosis of the disease.
Southwest Australia Seismic Network (SWAN): Recording Earthquakes in Australia’s Most Active Seismic Zone
Authors: Miller Meghan S. , Pickle Robert , Murdie Ruth , Yuan Huaiyu , Allen Trevor I. , Gessner Klaus , Kennett Brain L. N. , Whitney Justin
Published: January 2023

The geological structure of southwest Australia comprises a rich, complex record of Precambrian cratonization and Phanerozoic continental breakup. Despite the stable continental cratonic geologic history, over the past five decades the southwest of Western Australia has been the most seismically active region in continental Australia, though the reason for this activity is not yet well understood. The Southwest Australia Seismic Network (SWAN) is a temporary broadband network of 27 stations that was designed to both record local earthquakes for seismic hazard applications and provide the opportunity to dramatically improve the rendering of 3D seismic structure in the crust and mantle lithosphere. Such seismic data are essential for better characterization of the location, depth, and attenuation of the regional earthquakes, and hence understanding of earthquake hazard. During the deployment of these 27 broadband instruments, a significant earthquake swarm occurred that included three earthquakes of local magnitude 4.0 and larger, and the network was supplemented by an additional six short-term nodal seismometers at 10 separate sites in early 2022, as a rapid deployment to monitor this swarm activity. The SWAN experiment has been continuously recording since late 2020 and will continue into 2023. These data are archived at the International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks (FDSN) - recognized Australian Passive Seismic (AusPass) Data center under network code 2P and will be publicly available in 2025.
Pharmacological Modulation of Sigma1 as a Means of Regulating Cancer Cell Adaptive Immune Resistance
Authors:   , Haas Derick Allen , Kim Felix J
Published: January 2023

Adaptive immune resistance in the context of cancer is a process by which cancer cells evade anti-tumor immunity by changing phenotype in response to proinflammatory immune signals, including cytokines such as interferon-gamma. One protein upregulated during this process is Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1). Cell surface PD-L1 acts as an inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule by binding PD-1 on activated T cells, resulting in suppression of the anti-tumor immune response. PD-L1 can also be incorporated onto cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), which can inactivate T cells both within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and at distant sites. EV cargo proteins have been shown to be important in immune modulation and TME remodeling in cancer. Sigma1 is a unique ligand-regulated integral membrane protein enriched in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of cancer cells. Sigma1 acts as a multi-functional scaffolding protein that regulates protein and lipid homeostasis in the secretory pathway of cells. This dissertation examines how Sigma1 can be pharmacologically targeted to suppress both PD-L1 and cancer cell EVs to promote anti-tumor immunity. We found that a selective small molecule Sigma1 inhibitor prevented interferon-gamma induced PD-L1 from progressing through the secretory pathway by blocking its maturation, thus suppressing cell-surface expression and T cell inactivation. The Sigma1 inhibitor also suppressed the production of EVs and the amount of PD-L1 packaged into EVs. By reducing cell surface and EV-associated PD-L1, Sigma1 inhibitors could provide a novel approach to enhancing anti-tumor immunity.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of pregnant patients with COVID-19 at BPKIHS, a prospective study
Authors: Sah Manoj K. , Pappu Rijal  , Tulasha Basnet  , Punita Yadav
Published: January 2023

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can vary in presentation, women present with a spectrum of clinical manifestations that range from mild symptoms and signs to severe illness, may require immediate advanced critical care support. Therefore, a hospital-based study was conducted to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on maternal and perinatal outcomes of COVID-19 infected pregnant women.
Methods: This was prospective descriptive study conducted at B. P. Koirala institute of health science. Total duration of study was one year from September 2020 to August 2021. This study was done in 70 pregnant ladies with confirmed SARS CoV2 infection. Different clinical presentation, mode of delivery, treatment given, need of oxygen, need of ICU admission, maternal outcomes, neonatal outcomes were observed.
Result: The most common symptom was fever in 38 (54.2%) patients, followed by cough in 22 (31.5%) patients. Eighteen (25.71%) had mild degree of pneumonia with fall in oxygen saturation below 95% and required oxygen via face mask. Three patients (4.28%) develop sever pneumonia and required mechanical ventilation two (2.85%) had maternal mortality due to covid pneumonia. Most common mode of delivery was LSCS 21(61.76%). Seven (10%) patients had preterm delivery.
Conclusions: Most of the COVID-19 positive pregnant women remained asymptomatic or had mild infections. COVID-19 infections in late pregnancy might lead to an increased incidence of caesarean deliveries as observed in the present study. Adverse perinatal outcomes are mostly due to delayed presentation of patient to the hospital during COVID pandemic. High maternal mortality rate has been seen in present study. So proper intensive care is must for the management of such patient during pandemics. Also, efforts to limit exposure to COVID-19 of pregnant women should be strengthened for saving mother and child.
Cytotoxic, cytostatic, and keratolytic activity of anti-dandruff shampoo formulations
Authors: Barve Siddhivinayak S. , Deshpande Swapnil , Dhawal Pranjali P.
Published: January 2023

Background: Dandruff is characterized by increased sebum production, yeast colonization, and hyper-keratinization leading to an itchy-flaky scalp. Ancillary non-microbial reasons for flaky scalp include ultraviolet rays and excessive heat from the sun. Thus, apart from traditional anti-fungal activity, anti-dandruff formulations should also possess the keratolytic activity and should be safe to use.
Methods: Selsun, a shampoo formulation with 2.5% selenium sulfide (SS2.5), was tested in-vitro for its cytotoxic and cytostatic activities via cell viability of primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Its keratolytic activity was determined by assessing anti-proliferative activity on immortalized human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell line. The shampoo was compared with 3 other shampoo formulations, one containing 2% ketoconazole (K2), second containing 2% ketoconazole with 1% zinc pyrithione (K2ZP1), and third containing 1% zinc pyrithione (ZP1).
Results: Of the tested samples, SS2.5 and K2ZP1 showed cytostatic and keratolytic activity where the IC50 values on normal HDFs i.e., 0.521 mg/ml and 0.220 mg/ml, respectively, were higher than those on HaCaT cells (0.162 mg/ml and 0.198 mg/ml, respectively). SS2.5 displayed the highest keratolytic activity at IC50 of 0.162 mg/ml, followed by K2ZP1 (0.198 mg/ml) and K2 (0.267 mg/ml). On normal HDFs, SS2.5 showed the highest IC50 value (0.521 mg/ml), followed by K2 at 0.264 mg/mL, K2ZP1 at 0.220 mg/ml, and ZP1 at 0.139 mg/ml.
Conclusions: SS2.5 was found to possess the highest cytostatic and keratolytic activities among all the shampoo formulations tested, thereby confirming its safety profile.
Tumoral reduction in patients with intra-abdominal tumors treated with CyberKnife: a single center's experience
Authors: Mora-Tous Lizbelky , Rodríguez-Márquez Iader , Massaro-Ceballos Maurizio , Giraldo John , Jaramillo-Jiménez Esteban , Gómez-Duque David
Published: January 2023

Introduction: to estimate tumoral reduction and overall survival at one year in a series of patients with abdominal tumors treated with body fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (SBRT). Methods: retrospective descriptive study of a series of patients with abdominal tumors (solid or hollow viscus), treated with image-guided SBRT using a CyberKnife system and who had post-treatment follow-up and control images. The study was completed at the XXXXXXX in a five-year period from January 2013 to January 2018, in XXXXXXX. Results: 16 patients were included. 75% of the cases were under 65 years of age. The treated lesions were located in the pancreas (37.5%), abdomino-pelvic lymph nodes (25%), liver (25%) and retroperitoneum (12.5%). Most of the treated patients required up to two fiduciary markers (93.7%). The SBRT dose applied ranged from 24 to 60 Gy, mostly in 3 fractions (81.3%). Mean tumoral reduction after treatment was of 15.6 mm (SD ±13.5), being statistically significant (p <0.0003). According to RECIST 1.1 criteria, a complete response was achieved in 6.2% (n=1) of the cases, a partial response in 56.3% (n=9), and stable disease in 37.5% (n=6). No disease progression was documented in any patient during the follow-up period. The one-year overall survival rate was 93.7%. Conclusion: experience at this center shows that Cyberknife radiosurgery in both primary and metastatic abdominal tumors provides, in the short term, an adequate local control rate and improved one-year overall survival.
Trust Between Physicians and Family Caregivers: Qualitative Insights from Three Family‐Centered Academic Medical Centers
Authors: Rao Ruchira , Raj Minakshi
Published: January 2023

Family caregivers increasingly support health care tasks but are not meaningfully integrated into the health care setting in consistent or standard way. Previous literature has established the importance of trust in patient‐clinician relationships; yet, little is known about family caregiver‐clinician trust, and further, how and when to integrate family caregivers into health care teams so they can better support their relative. This study examined a) how physicians assess and perceive trust with family caregivers, b) the role of culture in trust dynamics, and c) facilitators and barriers to integrating caregivers into health care teams. We conducted twenty qualitative interviews with physicians in geriatrics (n=9) and oncology/hematology (n=11) between January–March 2021. Physicians assess caregivers' competence, reliability/dependability, and fidelity. They assess caregivers' engagement (e.g., asking questions, verbal and non‐verbal cues) to determine whether caregivers trust them. Physicians in our study trust other physicians more than caregivers in certain situations (e.g., for objective information, data) while they trust caregivers more than other physicians for information that requires familiarity and time with the patient (e.g., observations in the home environment). When supporting patients from diverse cultural backgrounds, physicians often rely upon caregivers to provide contextual information about relevant cultural norms. Integrating caregivers into the care team early—when the patient‐caregiver relationship is strong—can be critical to providing effective patient care. Technology can facilitate the trust‐building process to further support caregiver integration. Building trust‐driven partnerships between physicians and family caregivers could be critical for effective communication of important information to support patient care. Guidelines and policies related to telehealth, discussions between physicians and caregivers, tools to screen caregivers for skills and caregiver burden, and reimbursements for partnering with caregivers are important priorities for supporting caregivers and patient care.
Analysis and Simulation of Hydromagnetic Nano-Fluid Flow Passing an Inclined Heated Sheet
Authors: Uka Uchenna A. , Agbo Kelvin O. , Omamoke Ekakitie , Amos Emeka , Keneke Edwin D.
Published: January 2023

The examination of nano-fluid in recent time has been encouraging just as its research interest cuts across some disciplines such as mathematics, mechanical, chemical, civil engineering, physics, earth and natural sciences. Its applicability in the industrial and technological advancement helps in controlling the rate at which heat is conducted and diffuses in a given medium, as well as improving thermal transportation through convection, radiation and conduction. In this work, the analysis of hydromagnetic nano-fluid flow past an inclined heated surface with temperature dependent non-uniform heat source/sink and thermal radiation under heat and mass transmission perspective is considered. Adequate similarity variables are employed in recovering the nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) from the partial differential equations (PDEs) which describe the equation of the boundary layer. The transformed equations (ODEs) are addressed both analytically and numerically with the aid of regular series approximation technique and Wolfram Mathematica package. The numerically simulated obtained results are graphically presented with legends. The computations opined that velocity declines while energy increases as the magnetic field number enhances. Similarly, improvement on angle of inclination, breeds velocity deceleration. Furthermore, the rate of energy transfer increases as the temperature dependent non-uniform parameters due to thermal generation enhances. In addition, the nanoparticle concentration decreases with increasing values of Schmidt and thermal radiation factors.
Optimization of the Pressure Drop Prediction Model of Wellbore Multiphase Flow Based on Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation
Authors: Zhou Donghui , Liao Ruiquan , Wang Wei , Ma Bin , Luo Wei
Published: January 2023

In the process of gas lift design and condition diagnosis, the accuracy and timeliness of wellbore multiphase flow model prediction results are the basis for all subsequent work. However, for the commonly used wellbore multiphase flow pressure drop prediction models, there is a big deviation between the predicted value and the measured one, and the optimization based on the measured data is time-consuming, and it is difficult to obtain the optimal parameters of the model. Therefore, based on the well bore pressure distribution data measured quickly in area R of an oil field in Kazakhstan, a better prediction model of multiphase flow in the well bore was selected at first. Then, the simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) algorithm was incorporated in the wellbore multiphase flow model to optimize the liquid holdup, which is the leading factor in the model. After repeated single well optimization and greedy selection, the optimal parameters suitable for the whole block were obtained. The example shows that the optimization speed is 10 times faster than that of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). After that, the optimized model was used to predict the wellbore pressure distribution, and it was found that the relative error between the measured value and the predicted one was less than 15%.
Characteristic Analysis of Navigable Flow Conditions and Numerical Simulation of Water Conservancy in Steep Bay Section of the Navigable Tunnel
Authors: Cheng Xiaolong , Zhang Xujin , Wu Jun
Published: January 2023

Compared with traditional low-standard ship locks, large-section navigable tunnels have the advantages of increasing water resources dispatching, increasing ship crossing channels and shipping. It is necessary to explore the characteristics of navigable flow conditions under the condition of navigable tunnel and study effective measures to improve the navigable flow conditions at the entrance of approach channel of navigable tunnel in steep bay section. However, the existing research results neglect the navigation channel layout in the steep bay section, and it’s lack of theoretical research on improving the flow conditions at the entrance of approach channel of navigable tunnel in the steep bay section. For this, this article studies the characteristics of navigation flow conditions and numerical simulation of water conservancy in steep bay section of the tunnel. Firstly, the physical model of tunnel navigation in steep bay section is designed to ensure the geometric similarity, flow movement similarity and dynamic similarity between the model and the actual situation in steep bay section. Then, the numerical simulation of navigation water conservancy in steep bay section of tunnel is carried out, and the continuity equation and momentum equation in the new coordinate system are given. This article explores the navigation scheme of large cross-section navigable tunnel in order to obtain effective measures to improve the navigation conditions of this section. Finally, the corresponding experimental results and analysis are given.
Identification and Prediction of Thermodynamic Disasters During Deep Coal Mining
Authors: Li Min , Cheng Xiankang
Published: January 2023

Researching the methods to identify and predict thermodynamic disasters during deep coal mining is a very important work for the design of mine emergency systems and the decision-making of mine rescue and personnel evacuation, however, existing studies only built static models without evaluating or predicting the development trend of thermodynamic disasters, the research on dynamic modeling methods and rescue decision-making is insufficient, and they generally ignored the mechanism of mutual conversion between fire and gas explosion in deep coal mines. Thus, this paper aims to study the identification and prediction of thermodynamic disasters during deep coal mining. At first, the method for analyzing the thermal field in deep coal mining areas is introduced in detail, and the finite element thermal analysis method is adopted to study the thermodynamic disasters during deep coal mining; then, this paper establishes a thermodynamic disaster prediction model based on the improved Kernel-based Extreme Learning Machine (KELM), and introduces the improved Crow Search Algorithm (CSA) to solve the instability of prediction results caused by artificial selection of model parameters. At last, this paper uses experimental results to verify the validity of the proposed model.
The Role of the Credit Services Market in Ensuring Stability of the Banking System
Authors: Zhavoronok Artur , Shchur Roman , Zhezherun Yuliia , Sadchykova Iryna , Viadrova Nadiia , Tychkovska Lesia
Published: January 2023

In the article, the role of the credit services market in ensuring stability of the banking system is examined. The study was carried out on the basis of a detailed comparative analysis of the development of the banking system and the credit services market of Ukraine. This approach made it possible to identify the main prerequisites for the development of such a market, and possible options for the formation of crisis phenomena in its functioning. Within the article, it is also described in detail how the credit services market can have a destructive effect on stability of the country's banking system and its financial system. For this, considerable attention is paid to the description of the economic and political environment in which commercial banks have operated in Ukraine during the last twenty years. This made it possible to specify the causes of crisis situations in the country's banking system, justify the actions of state authorities in countering the consequences of such crises. The analysis of the financial stress index as an indicator of stability of the financial system functioning made it possible to establish the cyclic nature of its changes, which proved permanent emergence of crisis situations in the development of both the credit services market and the banking system of Ukraine.
Past, Present and Future Trends in Multi-Agent System Technology
Authors: Goonatilleke Sandali Thamalka , Hettige Budditha
Published: January 2023

Multi-Agent System (MAS) technology is one of the cores and promising areas in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as well as in the stream of Computer Science. The technology is comprised of multiple decision-making agents that exist in an environment to achieve common or conflicting goals. Multi-Agent System technology has a rapid growth and evolution due to its marvelous features such as flexibility and intelligence that are very useful when solving complex distributed problems. This paper focuses on the history and evolution of MAS technology, present applications, and future trends by addressing more detailed explanations about the foundations or key principles of Multi-Agent System technology such as agents, agent taxonomy, agent communication approaches, MAS development frameworks as well as the history of agent technology. The goal of this paper is to provide broad and comprehensive knowledge about Multi-Agents System technology.
„És kezdetben vala a szó, a magyar szó...”
Authors: Sájter Laura
Published: January 2023

Az 1945 és 1980 között elhallgatott, megtűrt, tiltott szerző, Herczeg Ferenc sajátos életútja, ún. „nyelvi életútja” dióhéjban: hogyan válik a bánsági sváb származású, német anyanyelvű fiú a magyar drámát az európai siker útjára emelő magyar drámaíróvá, a nemzeti törekvések elkötelezett írójává, nagysikerű magyar prózai és drámai életmű megteremtőjévé. A kutatás tárgya: mivel magyarázható, hol és hogyan érhető tetten Herczeg Ferenc nyelvváltásának ilyen mértékű sikere, hiszen „aligha volt még egy idegen anyanyelvű ember, aki olyan jól megtanult volna magyarul, mint Herczeg Ferenc…” (Hegedűs 1976: 245). A nyelvi életút vizsgálata magyarázatot ad a herczegi siker kulcsának tekintett alkalmazkodásra, továbbá arra is, hogy a szerző kétnyelvűsége mennyiben járult hozzá a siker megalapozásához. A társadalmi, kulturális és nyelvi asszimiláció Herczeg esetében olyannyira sikeres, hogy számtalan spekulációra ad okot. A kritika túlnyomó része viszont a társadalmi alkalmazkodás mozgatórugóit, irányait kutatja, kevésbé reflektál a nyelvi asszimilációra. Bizonyításra váró tételem, hogy a sváb származású, német anyanyelvű Herczeg az irodalomcentrikus magyar kultúra hatására vált magyarrá.
Az általános birtoklásjelölő morféma viselkedése a magyar pc-játékosok nyelvhasználatában
Authors: Lantay Gyula
Published: January 2023

A magyar anyanyelvű számítógépes játékokkal játszó nyelvhasználók az angol nyelvű játékok használata során gyakran nem fordítják le az idegen szavakat, hanem azokat eredeti alakjukban, a szövegkörnyezet által megkívánt magyar toldalékkal ellátott alakban használják a játék közbeni kommunikációjuk során. Feltételezésem az volt, hogy a magyar anyanyelvű nyelvhasználók a szibilánsra végződő angol tövekhez néha az ÁBJ morféma j-vel álló alternánsát tapasztják, Úgy véltem, hogy e rendhagyó alak gyakrabban jelenik meg szóban mint írásban. Korábbi kutatásomban (Lantay 2020) írott adatokat gyűjtöttem, jelen tanulmányban viszont már hanganyagokkal dolgoztam. Úgy tapasztaltam, hogy arányaiban gyakrabban jelenik meg szóban az ÁBJ morféma j-s alternánsa szibilánsra végződő idegen eredetű tövek után, mint írásban. E kijelentést azonban óvatosan kell kezelnünk, hiszen többen töltötték ki a tesztet írásban, mint ahányan szóban felolvasták. A jelenséget optimalitáselméleti keretben közelítettem meg, különös tekintettel arra, hogy az elemzés hű legyen az alapgazdagság elvéhez. Arra az eredményre jutottam, hogy a *Sj korlát Hű-Io(sztg) korlát fölé rangsorolásával szemléltetni lehet a magyar anyanyelvű nyelvhasználóknak az elidegenítő hatás alkalmazásának mellőzésére vonatkozó döntését. Ez esetben a versenyt az a jelölt nyeri, amelyhez az ÁBJ morféma j nélküli alternánsa járul. Ha a nyelvhasználó mégis alkalmazza az elidegenítő hatást, úgy a Hű-Io(sztg) korlátot a *Sj korlát fölé rangsorolja, a versenyt így az az alak nyeri meg, amelyhez az ÁBj morféma j-s alternánsa tapad.
Szent István veszprémi püspökségnek írt adománylevele mint nyelvtörténeti forrás
Authors: Sarnyai Vivien
Published: January 2023

A korai ómagyar kor a későbbi korszakokhoz képest igen adathiányos időszaknak tekinthető, amelynek egyik oka, hogy az oklevelek jelentős része nem maradt fenn eredeti, hiteles formájában, csupán átiratban, hamisítványban vagy interpolációban. Ha azonban egy kifejezetten az interpolált oklevelek vizsgálatára kifejlesztett módszert alkalmazunk, akkor az ilyesféle oklevelek is integrálhatók a nyelvtörténeti vizsgálatokba, s így a diszciplína új forrásokkal gazdagítható. Szent István 1009-es Veszprémi püspökségnek írt adománylevele csupán interpolációban maradt korunkra, azonban amennyiben az átiratokon komparatív elemzést végzünk, akkor feltárhatjuk a különböző kronológiai rétegeket, s így rekonstruálhatjuk az eredeti oklevél szórványanyagát. A dolgozat fő célja, hogy rekonstruáljam Szent István elveszett eredeti oklevelének szórványait, s ezeket elemezzem hangtani, morfológiai és hangjelölési szempontból, valamint vizsgáljam a rekonstruált nevek etimológiáját.
Тестирование и анализ популярных решений проксирования изображений
Authors: Атеев К.О.
Published: January 2023

Данная статья посвящена тестированию и анализу решений проксирования изображений для фронтенд приложений. Для анализа были выбраны наиболее популярные решения на данный момент: imgProxy, thumbor и imaginary. ImgProxy показал лучшие и сбалансированные метрики, что делает его наиболее подходящим решением для современного бизнеса.
Основные конструктивные решения при проектировании при капитальном ремонте автомобильной дороги М-10 «Россия»
Authors: Обидина Е.Е.
Published: January 2023

В научной работе рассматривались вопросы исследования обьекта капитального ремонта: «Капитальный ремонт автомобильной дороги М-10 «Россия» на участке км 93+000 – км 101+000, Московская область» проходит по территории Клинского района, Московской области Российской Федерации. Было предложено два способа решения проблемы. Согласно исследованиям выбран оптимальный.
Travertinos en formación. Aplicaciones creativas, sostenibles y saludables del aragonito depositado por aguas provenientes de galerías-minas
Authors: Sánchez Bonilla María I. , Oropesa Hernández Tomás , Pérez Jiménez Mauricio , Viña Rodríguez Francisco J. , Álvarez Rodríguez Juan A. , Sánchez-Fernández Antonio-J. , Campos de Armas Attenya
Published: January 2023

Son bastantes los lugares del Planeta en que podemos observar la formación actual de travertinos, asociada a aguas subterráneas saturadas de CO2, que pueden surgir mediante manantiales naturales o, como ocurre en Canarias, debido a las prospecciones subterráneas. En primer lugar se lleva a cabo un recorrido general que permitirá anotar los lugares más significativos en que es posible observar la formación reciente/actual de tobas y travertinos, centrándonos seguidamente en los conocimientos y aportaciones de nuestro grupo de investigación en relación con las Islas Canarias (España) y las posibilidades de aplicación que nos ofrecen estas aguas carbonatadas tanto en la creación directa de esculturas como en la obtención de cal, producto que tiene una historia milenaria pero resulta de máxima actualidad al ofrecer prestaciones plenamente acordes con la salud, la sostenibilidad y, en este caso concreto, también con la necesidad de aprovechar elementos que en la actualidad son llevados de manera masiva a vertederos de residuos sólidos pero que, desde nuestra óptica, deben ser considerados como oportunidad de desarrollo asociada a un entorno singular. Las valoraciones y propuestas de aplicación que planteamos para Canarias son lógicamente extrapolables a cualquier otro entorno en que concurran circunstancias similares, entre los que se incluye Piedra de Agua en Cuenca (Ecuador).
Programación híbrida en Teatros de Ópera: modelos de gestión digital de las obras a partir de 2020 y 2021
Authors: Casillo Felicitas
Published: January 2023

Los grandes teatros de ópera son instituciones ligadas a tradiciones fuertes en relación a unos géneros, a un canon de obras y a unas condiciones de enunciación. La tecnología ha impactado no solo en la grabación y en la transmisión, sino también en la misma performance de las obras, y la mediación ha expandido los límites físicos de estas instituciones. En los años 2020 y 2021, a partir de la suspensión parcial o total de los programas en la mayoría de los grandes teatros, se han acelerado cambios en el vínculo entre los géneros clásicos que albergan estas instituciones y formas de difusión masiva como las experiencias live. A partir del análisis semiótico de la interfaz, este paper se propone distinguir y describir los modelos de gestión de contenidos digitales que han concretado las páginas de internet de cinco grandes teatros durante el aislamiento por la pandemia del Covid-19 hasta la actualidad: el Teatro Colón de Buenos Aires, el Metropolitan Opera House de New York, la Ópera Nacional de París, el Teatro alla Scala de Milán y la Staatsoper de Viena.
Identification and Clustering of Template Texts in the Large Arrays of Messages
Authors: Vishnyakov I.E. , Ivanov I.P. , Karkin I.A.
Published: January 2023

A lot of services are using short messages for various purposes today, for example, stores are sending promotional offers, and EMERCOM of Russia informs population in the event of a threat of natural and technogenic emergencies. Selecting short texts of the template messages from general traffic could be used to filter spam and mailings, as well as to protect users from fraudulent activities. Such arrays of messages are often reaching such a large size that their storage and processing on a single dedicated personal computer or server becomes practically impossible. This work aims at developing approaches to the efficient identification and clustering of the template texts from large arrays of the short messages using the Apache Spark framework for distributed processing of the unstructured data. Main approaches to identifying templates and clustering textual information are considered. Approaches were developed making it possible to cluster in large arrays of messages using distributed computation without preliminary acquisition of the text vector representations. Algorithms are provided for efficient identification of the template messages from large arrays of short texts. Algorithms were compared in terms of performance and quality of pattern identification
The Influence of the Aperture Stop Fractal Shape of an Optical System on the Illuminance Distribution
Authors: Zavarzin V.I. , Kaledin S.B. , Yakubovskiy S.V.
Published: January 2023

In the article the options for the application of aperture shapes with fractal properties in the design of optical systems are considered. Calculations of mathematical models of point spread functions of a diffraction-limited optical system are performed. The diffraction patterns of the light distribution in these systems are presented, and the point spread functions are considered for various shapes of the aperture stop. Analytical expressions are obtained for the light distribution depending on the pupil shape, which can be used to control the process of image formation. The pupil shape, which has the shape of an equilateral triangle, is chosen as the basic one, and the shape of the pupil as a "Koch snowflake" curve is also considered. Using the Fraunhofer integral, the dependences of the distribution of the spectral density of the complex amplitude on the aperture located on an opaque screen are derived in the Fraunhofer approximation and under the condition of illumination by a plane monochromatic wave. Using the relationship with the complex amplitude, the sought-for intensity distribution in the plane of the diffraction pattern is obtained. Taking into account the simplifications adopted in this article, the solution of the Fraunhofer integral is found, by setting the integration limits, depending on: the selected aperture profile, the coordinate system chosen for it, and the position of nodal points in this system
Comparison of the Lagrange Multipliers Function Approximation Methods in Solving Contact Problems by the Independent Contact Boundary Technique
Authors: Galanin M.P. , Lukin V.V. , Solomentseva P.V.
Published: January 2023

The paper considers the contact problem of the elasticity theory in a static spatial two-dimensional formulation without considering friction. For discretization of the elasticity theory equations, the finite element method was introduced using a triangular unstructured grid and linear and quadratic basis functions. To account for the contact boundary conditions, a modified method of Lagrange multipliers with independent contact boundary is proposed. This method implies the ability to construct a contact boundary with the smoothness degree required for the solution precision and to execute approximation of the Lagrange multiplier function independent of the grids inside the contacting bodies. Various types of the Lagrange multiplier function approximations were studied, including piecewise constant, continuous piecewise linear functions and piecewise linear functions with discontinuities at the difference cells boundaries. Examples of test calculations are provided both for problems with rectilinear and curvilinear contact boundaries. In both cases, the use of discontinuous approximations of the Lagrange multiplier function makes it possible to obtain a numerical solution with fewer artificial oscillations and higher rate of convergence at the grid refinement. It is shown that the numerical solution precision could be improved by more detailed discretization of the contact boundary without changing the grids inside the contacting bodies
Comparative Analysis of the Various Methods Stability in Evaluation of the Bilinear Autoregression Model Parameters
Authors: Andreychik N.L. , Goryainov V.B.
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this work is to compare various methods in evaluating parameters of a bilinear autoregressive model. Least squares estimate, least absolute deviations estimate and estimate based on the Huber function were used as the parameter estimates. Computer simulation was introduced to study the indicated estimates precision depending on probability distribution of the bilinear autoregressive model upgrading process. Probable distribution of the upgrading process was simulated by normal and uniform distributions, Student distribution with various degrees of freedom, Laplace distribution (double exponential distribution), and Tukey distribution known as the polluted normal distribution. Their mean square error served as the evaluation precision measure. Results of the conducted computational experiment showed that precision of three methods used in evaluating parameters of the bilinear autoregressive series significantly depended on probability distribution of the model upgrading process. In particular, it concerns the number of degrees of freedom of the Student distribution, as well as the Tukey distribution pollution share and amount. If the upgrading process possesses normal and uniform distributions, Student’s distribution with sufficiently high number of degrees of freedom, the least squares method works more efficiently. Estimate based on the Huber function and the least absolute deviations estimate are becoming more efficient compared to the least squares estimation for the Laplace distribution, with a decrease in the number of degrees of freedom --- for the Student distribution, and with an increase in the pollution share and amount --- for the Tukey distribution
On one Approach to the Solution of the Lambert Problem using the Decompositional Method of Modal Control
Authors: Zubov N.E. , Ryabchenko V.N. , Proletarsky A.V. , Volochkova A.A.
Published: January 2023

A new approach to the solution of the Lambert’s problem in spaceflight mechanics is proposed for elliptical orbits. The system of four transcendental algebraic equations is solved using the method of modal synthesis which is based on multilevel decomposition of discrete dynamic system and applied to solve the problem of identification of parameters of discrete system by a state observer. The solution algorithm is as follows: conditional and identification discrete models (systems) are built for the specified system of equations; initial values of estimates are given; initial conditions in the equations of residuals are formed. Using the method of modal synthesis, the problem of search for control of the auxiliary system is solved, as a result of which the matrix of state observer feedback coefficients is calculated. This matrix is used to predict the state vector and to obtain refined estimates --- parameters of the planar orbit. A numerical example of the Lambert’s problem solution using the proposed algorithm is given. In essence, an approach to the solution of nonlinear algebraic systems of the fourth order, which can be extended to systems of any observable order, is proposed. The peculiarity of the proposed algorithm is that the convergence of the iterative process of finding a solution can have a different "adjustable" speed using the control law
The competitiveness of the invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus with field tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) in Israel
Authors: Yaacoby Tuvia , Yaacoby Gal , Rubin Baruch
Published: January 2023

Crop-weed competition is a significant barrier to successful crop production. Understanding invasive weed competing with field crops is rather difficult, mainly due to the absence of physiological and ecological knowledge, which allows selective and appropriate control of the weed. Parthenium hysterophorus is a worldwide noxious annual weed infesting field crops and orchards. A competition experiment between P. hysterophorus and field tomatoes in containers under controlled conditions resulted in a decrease in tomato biomass production. We found that the presence of P. hysterophorus at all planting ratios in a replacement series caused a significant reduction (~18% to 40%) of tomato shoot biomass m-2, whereas P. hysterophorus plants gained ~11 to 75 % in shoot biomass m-2 at all planting ratios with tomato plants. Our results emphasize the need for efficient management of this invasive weed to achieve reasonable yield and allow marketable cropping.
A HELYESÍRÁS ELSAJÁTÍTÁSA ÉS A KIEJTÉS SZERINTI ÍRÁSMÓD PROBLÉMÁI
Authors: KOZMÁCS István , VANČO Ildikó
Published: January 2023

A nyelvek ortográfiája a felszíni (shallow) vagy mély (deep) kategóriák mentén helyezhető el (Frost–Katz–Bentin 1987).  A magyar helyesírás egyik alapelve a kiejtés szerinti írásmód, így úgy tűnhet, a helyes írás nem okoz különösebb problémát a tanulóknak. A mély kategóriába tartozik például, hogy az értelmileg összetartozó elemeket, mint az igekötők és segédigék, egy prozódiai egységnek ejtjük, míg az írásban különírjuk őket. A helyesírás tanításakor az a cél, hogy a tanuló a mély helyesírású elemeket is hibátlanul rögzítse és a külső algoritmus szintjéről – a tudatosítás szintjéről – a belső algoritmus szintjére – készségszintre – jusson el. Jelen írás egy, az általános iskolák felső tagozatára járó tanulók számára évente megrendezett országos helyesírási verseny 5. osztályos tanulói (N = 3340) alapján vizsgálja meg, hogy mennyire eredményesek a tanulók egyes mély helyesírási struktúrák elsajátításában.