bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining the dew characteristics and sources in an alpine meadow of northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau using hydrogen-oxygen isotope
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Fawei , Du Yangong , Cao Guangmin , Wang Bin , Guo Xiaowei
Published: November 2022

Dew is closely related to the micro-use of water and to large-scale
hydrological processes. Dew formation on grasslands plays a particularly
vital role in maintaining the ecohydrological cycle, however, its
characteristics and sources were rarely reported. Here, stable isotope
for dew, ambient water vapor, soil water, plant water, creek water, and
precipitation were tracked to determine the characteristics of dew from
ecohydrological processes in the meadow. The structural equation model
was used to investigate how environmental factors affect dew formation.
The Mix SIAR model in R was used to determine the sources of dew, and
explore the dew transport route of six species of the
graminoid-Kobresia meadow in an alpine graminoid-Kobresia
meadow in northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Our results showed that the
annual amount was about 37.92 ± 1.03 mm, acounting for 7.13% of
precipitation. Both atmospheric pressure and temperature showed
significant positive effects on dew formation, while wind speed had a
negative effect. Evapotranspiration indirectly affected dew formation.
The contribution rates of soil water, plant water, and ambient water
vapor to dew formation were 48.20±5.46%, 38.30±5.07%, and
13.50±1.82%, respectively. The proportion of dew utilization by
graminoid and Kobresia species showed no significant
species differences, the mean value was 10.5±3.8%. Our statistical
analysis determines the role of dew in an alpine
graminoid-Kobresia meadow in the northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,
which provides an improved understanding of dew formation based on a
stable isotope technology.
Move patterns of drifting fish eggs in decelerating flow
Authors: Zhang Xian-bing , Qin Dong-mei , Yang Wei , Hu Yaping , Yang Sheng-fa , Li Wen-jie , Hu Jiang
Published: November 2022

The drifting behavior of fish eggs is crucial for early-stage fish
resources estimation, fish spawning ground identification and river
management. To understand their move patterns in longitudinal, vertical,
and lateral directions in deceleration flow, self-made model fish eggs
similar to the real ones in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River was
adopted to carry out the experiments. And the experiments were carried
out in a 28 m flume equipped with particle tracing system (PTV) with
different average decelerating flow velocity. The results showed that
the longitudinal velocity of fish eggs was 0.83 times of the flow
velocity, while the vertical velocity of fish eggs was not significantly
related to the flow velocity. During drifting, fish eggs spread almost
uniformly to both sides along the central axis of the main current. The
results are useful for early-stage fish resource conservation and
ecological scheduling of the rivers with rapid flows. However, more
studies are needed to confirm whether high flow velocity is beneficial
to the survival of drifting fish eggs.
Copy number variants and fetal structural abnormalities in stillborn fetuses: a secondary analysis of the Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network study
Authors: Workalemahu Tsegaselassie , Dalton Susan , Son Shannon , Allshouse Amanda , Carey Andrew , Page Jessica , Blue Nathan , Thorsten Vanessa , Goldenberg Robert , Pinar Halit , Reddy Uma , (USA) Robert Silver
Published: November 2022

Objective To examine the association of placental and fetal DNA copy
number variants (CNVs) with fetal structural malformations (FSMs) in
stillborn fetuses. Design A secondary analysis of stillbirth cases in
the Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network (SCRN) study. Setting
Multicenter, 59 hospitals in 5 geographic regions in the USA. Population
384 stillbirth cases of the SCRN study (2006-2008). Methods FSMs were
grouped by anatomic system and specific malformation type (e.g., central
nervous system, thoracic, cardiac, gastrointestinal, skeletal, umbilical
cord and craniofacial defects). Single-nucleotide polymorphism array
detected CNVs of at least 500kb. CNVs were classified into two groups:
normal, defined as no CNVs>500kb or benign CNVs, and
abnormal, defined as pathogenic or variants of unknown clinical
significance. Main outcome measures The proportions of abnormal CNVs and
normal CNVs were compared between stillbirth cases with and without FSMs
using the Wald Chi-squared test. Results The proportion of stillbirth
cases with any FSMs was higher among those with abnormal CNVs compared
with those with normal CNVs (46.7% vs. 19.6%;
p-value<0.001). The most common organ system-specific FSMs
associated with abnormal CNVs were cardiac defects, followed by
craniofacial and skeletal defects. A pathogenic deletion of 1q21.1
involving 46 genes (e.g., CHD1L) and a duplication of 21q22.13 involving
4 genes (SIM2, CLDN14, CHAF1B, HLCS) were associated with a skeletal and
cardiac defect, respectively. Conclusion Specific CNVs involving several
genes were associated with FSMs in stillborn fetuses. The findings
warrant further investigation and may inform counseling and care
surrounding pregnancies affected by FSMs at risk for stillbirth.
Comparison of three common inbred mouse strains reveals substantial differences in hippocampal GABAergic interneuron populations and in vitro network oscillations
Authors: Caliskan Guersel , Demiray Yunus , Stork Oliver
Published: November 2022

A major challenge in neuroscience is to pinpoint neurobiological
correlates of specific cognitive and neuropsychiatric traits. At the
mesoscopic level, promising candidates for establishing such connections
are brain oscillations that can be robustly recorded as local field
potentials with varying frequencies in the hippocampus in vivo and in
vitro. Inbred mouse strains show natural variation in hippocampal
synaptic plasticity (e.g., long-term potentiation), a cellular correlate
of learning and memory. However, their diversity in expression of
different types of hippocampal network oscillations has not been fully
explored. Here, we investigated hippocampal network oscillations in
three widely used inbred mouse strains: C57BL/6J (B6J), C57BL/6NCrl
(B6N) and 129S2/SvPasCrl (129) with the particular aim to identify
common oscillatory characteristics in inbred mouse strains that show
aberrant emotional/cognitive behaviour (B6N and 129) and compare them to
“control” B6J strain. First, we detected higher gamma oscillation
power in the hippocampal CA3 of both B6N and 129 strains. Second, an
increased incidence of hippocampal sharp wave-ripple (SW-R) transients
was evident in these strains. Third, we observed prominent differences
in the densities of distinct interneuron types and CA3 associative
network activity which are indispensable for sustainment of mesoscopic
network oscillations. Together, these results supports the notion that
in vitro hippocampal network oscillations, similar to classical
plasticity read-outs measured in hippocampal slices, can be used as
robust reductionist models to study electrophysiological correlates of
emotional and cognitive phenotypes. Importantly, we add further evidence
to profound physiological differences among inbred mouse strains
commonly used in neuroscience research.
Impact on the trachea in children with prenatally diagnosed vascular ring formed by a right aortic arch
Authors: V Trisha Vigneswaran , Oakley Christopher , Hurn Alice , Suckling Claire , Moriarty Grace , simpson john , Turcu Simona , Heraghty Jane , Zidere Vita , Nyman Andrew
Published: November 2022

Objective: There has been a rise in the prenatal detection of
right sided aortic arch (RAA). When associated with a left-sided
arterial duct (LD), this forms a vascular ring encircling the trachea.
Infants may have symptoms or signs suggestive of trache-oesophageal
compression but many are asymptomatic. The objective of this study was
to investigate the relationship between symptoms and severity of
tracheo-bronchial compression assessed by bronchoscopy.
Methods: Retrospective review of all cases of prenatally
diagnosed RAA-LD in the absence of associated congenital heart disease
at Evelina London Children’s Hospital and Kings College Hospital over a
4-year period between April 2015-2019. Clinical records, fetal
echocardiograms and free-breathing flexible bronchoscopy (FB) data were
reviewed. Results: 112 cases of isolated RAA-LD were identified
of whom 82 cases (73%) underwent FB. FB was performed median age of 11
months (range 1-36 months), no complications occurred. Aberrant left
subclavian artery (ALSA) was present in 86% (96/112) and mirror image
branching (MIB) in 13% (15/112). 34/112 (30%) reported symptoms during
follow up. 36/77 (47%) with ALSA who underwent FB showed
moderate-severe compression mostly at distal tracheal and carinal level
of whom 38% had parent-reported symptoms. Moderate-severe compression
was seen in 3/5 (60%) with MIB mostly at mid tracheal level of whom 3
were symptomatic but only 2 with compression. In total 36% (18/50) of
investigated asymptomatic patients showed moderate to severe
compression. Respiratory symptoms were poorly predictive of
moderate-severe compression (positive predictive value 66%).
Conclusion: The absence of symptoms did not exclude significant
tracheal compression. The anatomical effect of the vascular ring is
underappreciated when symptoms alone are used as a marker of tracheal
compression.
Registrable and Non-Registrable Trademarks under the Nigerian Law
Authors: Nwogu Mary Imelda Obianuju
Published: November 2022

A trademark is a mark used in relation to goods for trade in Nigeria. It could be a device, brand, heading, label, name, signature, word, letter, or a combination thereof (Trade Marks Act, Cap. T13 s. 67(1), Laws of the Federation of Nigeria (LFN), 2004). For a mark to be beneficial to the owner under the Law and have proprietary interest, it must be registered.  It could be registered in part A or Part B of the trademarks register (Trade Marks Act, Ss. 9(1) and 10(1)). Not all marks can be registered under the Law, hence there are registrable and non-registrable marks under the Trade Marks Act. The owner of a Registered trademark has the exclusive right to the use of that trademark in respect of the goods in which it is registered (Procter and Gamble Co. v. Global Soap and Co. Ltd.& Anor, (2013)). It is my recommendation that all marks used in trade should be registered so that the owner will reap from the fruit of his labor by having a monopoly right and action in infringement.
Application of the Teaching Factory Model to the Learning Outcomes of Class XI Students in the Heavy Equipment Engineering Department
Authors: Wagino Wagino , Giatman M , Syah Nurhasan , Nanda Iffarial
Published: November 2022

The dream of a 'link and match' between schools and industry to become a reality is a big target to be achieved by the government. For that we need the support of superior human resources (HR) so that development can run well. One of the concepts of the learning approach carried out by the Ministry of Education and Culture is for schools to produce superior human resources in accordance with the needs of the industrial world through the teaching factory (TEFA) program. Recent research has demonstrated an urgent need for future engineers. This research is a continuous experimental study for 2 semesters by applying it to all samples, to see if there is a significant effect on TEFA. Research that uses the Ex-Post Facto approach. The population in this study were students of the Heavy Equipment Engineering Department at SMK Negeri 1 Guguak. The sample is class XI students of the Heavy Equipment Engineering Department who have obtained the Teaching Factory Learning Model as many as 32 people who were selected using a non-probability technique, namely Purposive Sampling. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis. The result of t-test is smaller than t-table (-0.381 < 1.697). This shows that the negative effect of the application of (TEFA) on the Learning Outcomes of Class XI Students in Powertrain and Undercarriage subjects is not only insignificant or very small, it can even be said to have no effect.
The Arab Republic of Egypt Government’s Policy during Gamal Abdul Naseer Reign (1952-1962)
Authors: Ali Muhammad Nasihudin
Published: November 2022

The focus of this research is concern about Egypt’s policy during the reign of Gamal Abdul Naseer (1952-1962 BC). this research aims to explain 1) Explaining Gamal Abdul Naseer policy in Egpyt. 2) Describing the impact of Gamal Abdul Naseer policy on the development of Egypt. The research choose qualitative method by using descriptive analysis on sociological politic approach as a subject which concentrates on power, government, and authority toward its citizens. The result demonstrated Nasser’s urge in order to improve the politic and economic sector in Egypt during his regime. Nasser initiated a system which supported the growth of political development and fiscal cooperation for improving Egypt as a nation. Nasser started the guided democracy system in Egypt. While in economic sector, Nasser’s goal was to develop industrialization as a solution of Egypt economic problems.
The Role of Kiai Syakirun in Preaching through the Using of Wayang Kulit in Tipar, Rawalo, Banyumas Regency (1998-2016)
Authors: Dzikriyah Istiqomatul , Fauji Sidik
Published: November 2022

The role of Kiai Syakirun in spreading Islam using the wayang kulit as media demonstrated a fairly exciting method. Every Wayang Kulit performance conducted by Kiai Syakirun conveyed meaningful messages, especially regarding religious, social, and cultural life. In his performance, every wayang movement showed a positive message. This spectacular performance lies because the Islamic values and practices used by Kiai Syakirun are more easily captured by the public. In this study, the authors used historical research methods consisting of heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The theory used in this research is the theory of cultural and religious relevance. The results of this study are in the process of preaching in Tipar Village, Kec. Rawalo, Kab. Banyumas, Kiai Syakirun using shadow puppet media. He recites Quranic verses echoed with songs and explain the wayang characters depicted in human life. Kiai Syakirun's role in spreading Islam in Tipar Village is very influential within his neighborhood. As Kiai Syakirun's influence gradually increased, inhabitants in his community abandoned their customs, such as worshiping trees and eating wild boars as side dishes. All their habits are abandoned and replaced by worship, praying and, reciting the Koran, eating by relying on natural products such as vegetables
張暉：《中國的“詩史”傳統》
Authors: 沙 先一
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

“詩史”、“以詩證史”、“詩史互證”，這些大家都耳熟能詳，但要明晰地説出其内涵、歷史發展脉絡，却又相當困難。關於這些術語概念、理論問題，學界雖有廣泛地關注，但却不够系統深入，張暉先生新近出版的《中國的“詩史”傳統》一書，通過扎實的文獻考辨與理論闡釋，探討了“詩史”内涵的形成及增衍，梳理了“詩史”説的歷史圖景，并對“詩史”傳統與抒情傳統、“以詩證史”與“詩史互證”等加以辨析反思，極具開拓性，推進了這一領域的研究。(撮要取自內文首段)
明代爲中國近代史上限説———以郭廷以（1904—1975）及黄仁宇（1918—2000）爲例
Authors: 李 金强
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

20世紀以來，在中外學者的倡導下，中國近代史的研究受到重視。而中國近代史研究中一項重要課題，即爲如何斷限。其中上限最爲史家所關注，先後産生鴉片戰爭説、自强運動説、明末清初説、明代説、宋代説等。其中以鴉片戰爭説最爲史學界所接受，宋代説、自强運動説附議者不多，本文則以明末清初及明代説作爲探討對象。其中明末清初説尤多學者支持，以郭廷以最具影響，而明代説則獨見之於黄仁宇。故本文遂以郭、黄二人之主張爲個案，藉以説明明代與近代中國歷史發展的密切關係。

The research of modern Chinese history was given special attention in the twentieth century by scholars within and outside China, and gradually became a prominent field in the study of Chinese history. One important topic for the research of modern Chinese history concerns periodization. Historians are especially interested in determining the starting point of this period. They have respectively suggested several demarcative points: the Opium War, the Self-Strengthening Movement, the transition period between the Ming-Qing dynasties, the Ming dynasty, and the Song dynasty. The Opium War is the most widely accepted, while the Self-Strengthening Movement and the Song dynasty have the lowest number of proponents. The present study focuses on advocacy for the transition period between the Ming-Qing dynasties and support for the Ming dynasty theory. The former enjoys considerable support, with Kuo Ting-yee as its most influential proponent; while the latter is only advocated by Ray Huang. These two theories form the content of the present case study on the close relationship between the Ming dynasty and modern Chinese history.
陽醜•鬼王與神堂———論《慶豐年五鬼鬧鍾馗》的造神過程
Authors: 劉 燕萍
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

《慶豐年五鬼鬧鍾馗》是有記載最早的“五鬼鬧判”戲，然而“五鬼鬧鍾馗”式的故事，至少在明萬曆三十年（1602）前，已在民間廣泛流傳。約寫於明隆慶二年（1568）至萬曆三十年（1602）間的《金瓶梅詞話》六十五回，李瓶兒死後，演出百戲便包括“五鬼鬧判”。

《慶豐年五鬼鬧鍾馗》一劇，與此前鍾馗文本不同處，在於鍾馗在劇中需要對付衆多鬼魅，並具備完整的由人到鬼至成神的造神過程。鍾馗在劇中，並非具備神通或有神助，卻能成神，强調的是其人格美。本文的重點，在探討鍾馗作爲醜神的“陽醜”：外貌醜與人格美的不協調（incongruity）。鍾馗成爲鬼王，必須降伏有如寓言人物（allegorical figure）的鬼魅。查劇中出現的大小耗鬼和五鬼，乃首次出現於鍾馗故事中。本文追查所提及鬼類的由來，以見鍾馗降伏大小耗鬼和五鬼，與登上鬼王位置的重要性。此外，神堂的獲得乃鍾馗成神的關鍵。《慶豐年五鬼鬧鍾馗》對鍾馗前文本作出“創造性背叛”（creative treason），一反鍾馗爲唐明皇“服務”———驅鬼的“傳統”，改爲替殿頭官驅鬼，以强化士人懷才不遇及官員奸貪的主題。本文通過對鬼（大小耗鬼、五鬼）、神（鍾馗和五道將軍）元素的探討，展示明代首次出現完整的成神過程的鍾馗文本，如何達至成熟的階段，並對後世鍾馗作品産生重要影響。

“Celebrating and Abundant Harvest the Five Ghosts Tease Zhong Kui” is the first drama on the tale of “Five Ghosts Tease Zhong Kui” which appears in the Ming Dynasty. In “Celebrating an Abundant Harvest the Five Ghosts Tease Zhong Kui”, Zhong Kui has to subdue a lot of ghosts. In addition, there is a complete deity- making process. The essence of deity-making is not due to the great magic power of Zhong Kui. It is the power of the character, integrity and righteousness that help Zhong Kui to conquer evil forces. This paper would discuss the incongruity of the ugly appearance and inner beauty of Zhong Kui. In addition, ghosts such as the five ghosts would be traced from its origin to bring out the importance of subduing these ghosts for Zhong Kui to become the ghost king. Different from the pre-texts of the Zhong Kui tales, in “Celebrating an Abundant Harvest the Five Ghosts Tease Zhong Kui”, Zhong Kui conquers the ghosts not for the king but for the court officer which is a kind of creative treason. This “action” brings Zhong Kui the temple which is an essential part of the deity- making. This article focuses on the role of ghosts and deity to show the process of making the Ghost King. “Celebrating an Abundant Harvest the Five Ghosts Tease Zhong Kui” is a mature Zhong Kui tale which inflicts influence on the related Zhong Kui tales of the following decades.
“自省”與“呈現”———論臺靜農先生1920年代的鄉土小説創作
Authors: 賴 柏霖
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

1920年代，臺先生以鄉土小説斐聲文壇。他的14篇鄉土題材小説，呈現了兩種相異的筆調：一是“自省型”，大多採用第一人稱的叙事觀點，並以“我”的感懷來收束全篇，表現一種知識分子對於世界的醒覺和關懷；二是“呈現型”，選擇一種非“我”述體的叙事手法，强調故事人物特質或狀態的“描寫”，展現以悲心閲世，包容一切的書寫姿態。本文指出，臺先生於鄉土題材採用“自省型”寫法的作品數量雖少，卻更能代表他此時主要的文學表現，内涵魯迅所言的“鄉愁”特徵，這意味著，臺先生終究無法在一片“感時憂國”的呼聲中自外其身。通過這樣的對照，顯示臺先生《地之子》中“呈現型”小説的意義，就在於能够捨棄過多“寫實主義”所肩負的啓蒙使命，採取不同的叙事策略，轉而呈現一個具體的人如何“活”的生命實相，從而找到擺落“鄉愁”感傷的叙述方式，展現鄉土寫實小説的不同可能。

In 1920’s, Mr. Tai’s native novels are marvelous in literary circle. Among his fourteen native novels, two different characters were shown as Self-contemplation type and Objective Presentment type. The former type of writing uses the first person’s point of views and concludes the emotion made by the first person, which represents the awareness of intelligentsia toward the society. On the other hand, the latter type of writing uses rather than the first person to describe the stories and emphasizes the main characteristics, which shows the sympathy toward the world. This article points out that Mr. Tai’s native novels with Self-contemplation describing mode are not so plenty, but that can present his major performance in literary; his articles have the nostalgia emotion which Lu Xun mentions and that also shows Mr. Tai could not escape from “Obsession with China”. With the comparison, this article considers that Mr. Tai’s Son of Land talks about the meaning of novels by using Objective Presentment describing mode; it could abandon too much realism’s enlightened missions and it uses a different describing mode to show how a specific person lives in his real life; then it could find describing way without Self-contemplation.
爲現代都市勾繪新畫像———林燿德的都市詩學
Authors: 陳 俊榮
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

林燿德在1980年代大力提倡所謂的“都市詩學”，成爲論者所稱“都市文學的主倡者與實踐者”。他的都市詩學確有助於都市詩風潮之形成，爲都市詩作爲1980年代崛起的新詩型樹立了風向標。他援引後結構主義理論，特别是巴特、德希達、福柯等人的説法，以逐步建構他的都市詩學，並從這個角度將後現代主義嫁接其中。本文“都市的時代性”、“都市的文本性”以及“都市的異地性”從三個角度著手，探討其都市詩學理論。

People called Lin Yaode “the primary advocator and practitioner of urban literature” since he fervently advocated so-called “urban poetics” in the 1980s. His urban poetics indeed contributed to the formation of the urban poetry trend and set a benchmark for urban poetry as an emerging genre. He cited the poststructuralist theorists, especially Barth, Derrida, and Foucault, in order to gradually construct his urban poetics, and grafted postmodernism into urban poetics from this perspective. Reviewing Lin Yaode’s related discourses, this essay investigates three aspects of his urban poetics: the urban epoch, urban textuality, and urban heterotopias.
周佳榮：《百年傳承：香港學者論中華書局》
Authors: 侯 杰 , 徐 世博
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

多年前，筆者曾讀海外中國學專家芮哲菲的著作《古騰堡在上海———中國的印刷資本主義（1876—1937）》，卷首有這樣的描述：

1949年3月，當毛澤東從西柏坡起身前往北京的時候，曾攜帶四部書，包括《史記》、《資治通鑑》、《辭源》（由商務印書館於1915年開始印行）和《辭海》（由中華書局於1936—1937年開始印行）。如果説前兩部書是古往今來帝王將相和征服者必讀之經典，那麽後兩部書則彰顯了中國近代工業化的出版企業之於知識和政治的重要性。商務與中華，和其他以上海爲基地的新式印刷和出版企業一道，塑造並標準化了近代中國的語言和思維方式。(撮要取自內文首段)
金紅：《融通與變異：意識流在中國新時期小説中的流變》
Authors: 李 金坤
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

蘇州科技學院金紅教授以十年磨一劍之功力，出版了她在博士論文基礎上數易其稿的專著《融通與變異：意識流在中國新時期小説中的流變》（下文簡稱《流變》），該書對意識流的西風東漸之歷史背景、傳播路徑、創作影響、發展現狀、利弊得失等問題作了全面而系統的論述。“這是學術界迄今爲止最爲完善、完整地論述意識流與中國新時期文學關係的論文。論文不僅評介了意識流小説在新時期文壇的譯介過程，而且著力分析它對中國新時期小説的影響過程，顯得相當地全面。”此乃蘇州大學文學院教授、現當代文學博士研究生導師湯哲聲對金紅博士論文《流變》之評語（見《流變》封底所録）點出了此書的意義所在。可以説，此書開啓了中國新時期意識流小説研究的新篇章，具有填補學術空白的重要意義。概而論之，《流變》的研究特色與學術成就主要表現在三個方面，兹簡略論之。(撮要取自內文首段)
論經學的消解與必然回歸
Authors: 錢 宗武
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

經學是千百年來全社會共同認同的價值觀，是修身淑世的大道之學。華夏文化歷經衝擊又綿延不絶，得益於經學作爲民族文化基因代代相傳。近現代經學的消解具有各種各樣複雜的原因，本文深入探究經學消解的學術、歷史和政治思想因素，揭示經學回歸“重建”、“重構”、“重組”的“三重”必要性，梳理經學回歸的重要保障和具體條件，對於民族精神的偉大復興具有重要的理論價值和實踐價值。

The study of Confucian classics represents a set of values commonly recognized by the Chinese community for thousands of years. It also forms the content for teaching the great Way that guides self-cultivation for a sense of social responsibility. Although Chinese civilization endured numerous impacts, it was still unceasingly inherited. This is ascribed to the study of Confucian classics, which have long become a gene of Chinese national culture and have been passed on to later generations. There are various, complex reasons for the disintegration of the study of Confucian classics in early modern and modern eras. The present essay examines this disintegration from academic, historical, and ideological perspectives. It unveils the necessity of three tasks for the restoration of the study of Confucian classics, namely “reconstruction,” “reconfiguration,” and “recombination.” It elucidates the important guarantee and substantial conditions for the restoration of the study of Confucian classics, thereby creating significant theoretical and practical values for the great renaissance of national spirit.
從出土文物看《儀禮》内容的時代
Authors: 葉 國良
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

經籍著作的時代，和其内容反映的時代並不一定等同，需要分别看待。《儀禮》一書，筆者基本上同意沈文倬的觀點，即書本陸續撰成於春秋末期及戰國時代，而所載内容大多屬於西周曾經實行的禮典。但包括沈氏在内的學者對這些禮典的存在時代，論證較爲簡略，所以《儀禮》内容反映的時代，有待從多方面來論定。本文認爲能够確定時代的出土文物也可以運用在《儀禮》某些儀節的研究上，但不能徑用二重證據法來討論。方法是：如果殷周時代出土的文物反映了某些禮儀，到戰國時代業已不用，而《儀禮》仍然記載，這便説明了《儀禮》某些儀節源自殷周，亦即保留了殷周的禮儀。如果戰國時代出土的文物反映了某些禮儀，爲春秋時代以前所無，而《儀禮》亦未採用，這便説明了《儀禮》某些儀節保留了春秋時代以前的禮儀。以上二者均屬默證，但可局部證明：《儀禮》儘管陸續寫定於戰國時代，其内容卻反映了較早期的禮儀。

It is necessary to separate the times in the classics from the years of their completion. The author agrees with Shen Wenzhuo’s point of view that the Rites and Ceremonies (Yili) was completed during the late Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods of Eastern Zhou, but the recorded ceremonial rites were practiced throughout Western Zhou. Scholars, including Shen, have paid less attention to dating these rites. To make a complete investigation of the time issue, this article proposes an alternative of dating back the rites in the Rites and Ceremonies by means of comparing with dated excavations, though not fully relying on “Method of Dual Evidence. “The rationale of my suggested method is that the Rites and Ceremonies retains rites that derive from the period of the Yin and Zhou, if they are indicated in excavations of this period but not continuously used until the Warring States period. In addition, if excavations, which date back to the Warring States period, show nothing about the rites used by the Spring and Autumn period and these rites are also not included in the Rites and Ceremonies, it refers that the book is a legacy of rites by this period. The above method is an argument from silence, but it partially proves that this ritual classic presents earlier rites than those during the time when it was completed, namely the Warring States period.
論唐代“大手筆”作家之聲名消解與歷史遮蔽
Authors: 曲 景毅
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

本文以宋代《唐文粹》、明代《唐文鑒》、清代《唐駢體文鈔》（包括清代補遺的《唐文粹》）的編選作爲參照，考察後世對唐代“大手筆”作家應用文寫作的接受情況：衆“大手筆”作家中張説、李德裕受到更多的認可，李嶠、蘇頲次之；宋、清兩朝“大手筆”作家受到一定的關注，明代似不受歡迎，他們受到後世青睞的多爲其頌銘碑誌論等文體，愈往後被選録作品的文學性越强，而佔其文章數量頗多的制誥表章，則逐漸消失在編選者的視野之中。文章進一步論證：由於文學觀念的轉移、政事掩蓋文學、人品影響文品、創作本身的缺憾及作品的散佚，使得“大手筆”作家之文學聲名逐漸消解，於现代文學史的叙述中被遮蔽。

In Tang dynasty there are 16 writers to share “dashoubi” (大手筆, Great hand with the pen) title and they have great impact on Tang literary world. The article discusses the reception of Tang “dashoubi” writers in the Song, Ming & Qing from three anthologies of the Tang prose according to Tangwen Cui (唐文粹, Elite of Tang Prose), Tangwen Jian (唐文鑒, Mirror of Tang Prose) & Tang Pianti wenchao (唐駢體文鈔, Selections of Tang Parallel Prose) and try to establish the reasons why their literary reputation decline in the later generations and how the reputation was historically concealed.
倫理叙事學的方法論思考———以劉恒《連環套》爲例
Authors: 龔 剛
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

文藝作品只要關涉人的生存，就必然會或隱或顯地呈現某種倫理秩序，哪怕是刻意追求“零度叙事”的小説也難以逃脱這一宿命。而由倫理秩序所賦予每一個叙事者的倫理意識也會或隱或顯地影響著他的叙事。倫理秩序、倫理意識和文學叙事的這種内在聯繫無疑爲文藝倫理研究的“合法性”提供了切實依據，並提示著文藝倫理研究的新路徑，也即“倫理—叙事研究”，或稱“倫理叙事學”。“倫理叙事學”不同於西方倫理學領域的“叙事倫理學”，其研究重心在叙事學而不是倫理學，它也不是倫理之維和叙事之維的簡單叠加，而是聚焦於倫理與叙事的互動關係。本文在綱要性地探討倫理—叙事研究框架的前提下，有意選擇以“零度叙事”爲特徵的“新寫實”小説《連環套》（劉恒）爲分析對象，藉以驗證倫理—叙事研究模式的有效性。

Any literary work about human life would inevitably outline certain ethical principles in an explicit or implicit manner, and even a novel pursuing “zero-narration” is no exception. Likewise, any narrator with ethical consciousness imparted by these ethical principles would evince explicit or implicit influence in his/her narrative. The intrinsic relationship between ethical principles, ethical awareness, and literary narrative make a practical “legitimate” framework and basis for the study of literary theory, which thereby hints to a new path of scholarship called “ethical-narrative study” or “ethical narratology.” The main difference between “ethical narratology” and “narrative ethics” (a subject in Western scholarship on ethics) is that the former focuses on narratology rather than ethics. In addition, it is not a simple superposition of ethics and narratology, but focuses on the interaction between ethics and narrative. The present essay gives a general introduction to “ethical-narrative study” and takes Liu Heng’s Swindles of the Coal Mine, a new-realistic novel, as an example of an effective application of this theory.
時間的“圍困”與歷史的“滅絶”———穆旦詩歌中的時間、歷史意識
Authors: 李 章斌
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

穆旦詩歌中所體現的歷史觀在現代詩人中頗爲獨特，他對同時代人中流行的目的論式的價值觀和決定論式的歷史觀持批判態度，在其詩歌中自覺地批判了這種歷史意識背後所依賴的“時間原型”，即一種朝向未來不斷進步、不可逆轉的時間。關於“時間”，他既有對人的此在被時間所“圍困”的形而上探索，也有關於歷史對人的壓迫和滅絶的具體呈現。“時間”／歷史在他筆下不再是直綫進步的，而是被“現在”這股狂流牽引著下沉，不僅個人無法把握時間和歷史，歷史本身也被看作一場空前的灾難，一種摧毁人性的存在。穆旦對時間與歷史的表現體現出他對現代歷史的一些基本假設的批判性反思，具有深遠的思想史意義。

The historical sense revealed in the poetry of Mudan (1918-1977) is quite unique amongst modern Chinese poets. He criticized two prevalent trends, namely (1) the values in the mode of teleology and (2) the historical sense in the mode of determinism. Their historical sense relies on a certain “time archetype,” a “time” that is ever-progressing towards the future and is irreversible. This theory fell prey to Mudan’s conscious criticism revealed in his poetry. His discourse on time includes not only metaphysical discussion of how people are “besieged” by time, but also substantial representation of how history oppresses and eradicates people. In his writing, “time”/history no longer follows a straight, progressive line. Rather, it is dragged to sink by a formidable current called “now.” No individual can manipulate time and history, history perse is seen as an unprecedented disaster, and also as a form of existence that would destroy human nature. Mudan’s view of the representation of time and history reveals his critical reflection on some basic presumptions in modern history. It has a profound significance in Chinese intellectual history.
對消費文化的“模擬”、呈現與反思———論董啓章《The Catalog》的城市書寫
Authors: 鄒 文律
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

本文旨在探討董啓章如何以城市書寫的方式來模擬、呈現與反思1990年代香港文化的重要面向：消費文化。藉著考察董啓章小説譜系中被忽略，卻又異常獨特的一部作品———《The Catalog》（重新出版後名爲：《夢華録》Menghua lu），本文將會討論它的書籍設計怎樣既遵循消費文化的運作邏輯，又在某些地方刻意反其道而行，從而達到模擬的效果。然後，本文會借用各種消費文化理論，探析《The Catalog》如何從“液態之愛”、“符號消費”和“物化人生”三方面來呈現城市人在消費社會的生存狀況，以及董啓章引出的反思。最後，本文總論《The Catalog》於董啓章創作歷程及香港文學中的特殊位置。

This article aims to explore how Dong Qizhang, through city writing, imitates, reveals and reflects “Consumer Culture”—an important aspect of Hong Kong’s culture in the 1990s. Through exploring an often neglected, yet unusually unique fiction of Dong Qizhang —The Catalog (which was renamed as Menghua lu after republishing), this article will discuss how the book design follows the operational logic of consumption culture, and how it sometimes intentionally runs against the logic to achieve imitation. Then, a variety of consumption culture theories will be used to explore and analyse how The Catalog reveals the survival of urbanites in consumer society and the reflections raised by Dong Qizhang in three ways, namely “liquid love”, “signs of consumption” and “commodification of life”. Last, this article will conclude the special position of The Catalog in Dong Qizhang’s novel and Hong Kong’s literature.
Modification of design of small experimental tank for complex tests of outboard motors
Authors: Pokusaev Mikhail Nikolaevich , Khmelnitsky Konstantin Evgenievich , Khmelnitskaya Anastasia Aleksandrovna , Rudenko Mikhail Fedorovich , Kadin Alexei Alekseevich , Klochkova Galina Gennadievna
Published: November 2022

When studying the characteristics of the outboard motors with capacity of more than 10 kW weighing over 100 kg at full equipment, the Department of Water Transport Operation of Astrakhan State Technical University needed to change the design of a small experimental tank. Previously, the small experimental tank was adapted for testing outboard motors with capacity not exceeding 8 l/s - 6 kW and weight up to 25 kg having such technical indicators as the screw stop, the developed power of the outboard motor, tank water temperature, exhaust gas temperature, fuel consumption, rate of heating the aquatic environment during the engine operation, the number of revolutions

of the engine crankshaft, the number of revolutions of the screw, with possibility of environmental studies of noise levels, vibration levels, as well as harmful discharges and exhaust emissions of outboard motors by sampling water and gases. In addition to sensors and devices designed to measure technical and environmental indicators, the small experimental tank was previously equipped with an auxiliary equipment: supply and exhaust ventilation, a water level gauge in a basin tank, a steam compressor refrigeration unit, a water supply and drainage system with sampling fittings, a gas sampling probe, a rotary rod for installing a noise meter, a platform with steps, general and local lighting fixtures. There has been illustrated a layout of an experimental tank covered with heat-insulating paint from the outside. In the course of changing the structure there was installed a lifting boom and an external transom. The tank bowl was upgraded by installing a bypass pipe. The described technical solutions have expanded the possibilities of the small experimental tank in conducting the research on outboard motors.
Overview of longline vessels and their main power plants operating in Far Eastern fishing basin
Authors: Sobolenko Anatoly Nikolaevich , Manitsyn Vladimir Viktorovich
Published: November 2022

The article presents an overview of the general events in longline fishing. Three types of longline fishing (pelagic (drifting), near-bottom and bottom fishing) are used today. Longline fishing and the required fishing gear ‒

a ridge and hooks with leads ‒ are described. The development of longline fishing in the Far Eastern basin began in 1926. Cod and halibut were caught by longline fishing. Originally, small Kawasaki vessels and MRS-80 type fishing seiners were used for launching and hauling the nets. Since the 1950s longline fishing has practically ceased. Its revival began only in the mid-1970s. Than it became possible to conduct the research and development of means of longline fishing mechanization. Lagging of the national means of mechanization from the foreign ones was obvious, that is why it was decided to buy Norwegian and German longline complexes and convert already built vessels into longline fishing vessels. There have been considered different types of on longline fishing vessels. A refrigerating unit and a longline complex are common features for these vessels. The architecture of the vessel hulls of both small tonnage and medium tonnage does not meet the modern environmental requirements, because a large number of seabirds and other mammals die when hauling a line. As a result of the review of the main power plants, it was revealed that the main power plant includes a main engine, a reverse gear, a shaft generator, a fixed-pitch propeller or an adjustable-pitch propeller, and a multiplier. It has been inferred that there is no general approach when choosing the most appropriate main power plant for a longline vessel.
Method of designing asynchronous propulsion motors with given power factor
Authors: Samoseyko Veniamin Frantsevich , Sharashkin Sergey Vladimirovich
Published: November 2022

The article considers the problem of improving the quality of electricity, in particular the power factor. The increased value of the power factor leads to decreasing the reactive component of the currents in the ship power network and, as a result, to a decreased power of converting equipment, generators and cable products. There is studied

a section in the methodology of designing ship electrical machines developed at the Department of Electric Drives and Electrical Equipment of Coastal Power Plants in Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping, which allows to evaluate the parameters of asynchronous electric motors at the design stage. Today, in designing electrical machines there are used the methods developed in the last century, which do not allow to carry out electromagnetic calculations subject to the required value of the power factor. The power factor is known to be determined by empirical formulas after setting the main parameters of the mechanism. The equivalent circuit of asynchronous electric motor containing the parameters of stator and rotor windings, and its mathematical description based on equations corresponding to Kirchhoff's laws are considered. Transformations of the equations describing the electromagnetic processes in the engine given for the static mode of operation in a complex form are made. There are given the expressions that allow determining the magnetizing current, magnetic conductivities, magnetizing forces, air gap and magnetic saturation coefficients, overall dimensions of the electric motor, and electromagnetic torque that it develops. Basing on the transformed equations describing an asynchronous electric motor there have been derived the regularities that help set the value of the power factor as initial data at the stage of design. The practical significance of the applied methodology and importance of the chosen subject have been analyzed.
Selecting power transformers with different short circuit voltages for parallel operation
Authors: Plotnikov Igor'
Published: November 2022

Parallel operation of transformers (TR) is one of the key solutions for improving the reliability of power supply, production, traction power substations, port production capacities. TR operation influences the cost effectiveness of different cycles of equipment operation and no-load losses when the equipment is not operated. Creating the most economical cycle of operation of the entire port infrastructure is considered, which will ensure not only the equipment operation, but also maintainability with trouble-free power supply cycle. TR operation requires the precise calculation and necessary conditions for switching, which allows to conduct prompt repair of equipment, proper control of the operation of each TR and each node separately. A complete shutdown of equipment with its further conservation during the period when the equipment is not needed is found possible. There were carried out calculations for the TR parallel operation, which prove the economic benefits of TR parallel operation. Some formulas are derived from the theoretical foundations of electrical engineering. Many calculations present the empirical studies in the field of transformer engineering and power networks. Practical solutions are summarized in tables, where TR options with different passport data are presented. There has been found which of the TRs on the market meet the condition of parallel connection. There are considered the TRs most convenient for gaining the required power. The research results can facilitate the choice of TR when designing new power supply sections and upgrading existing ones. It has been stated that the TR models designed for operation in difficult geoclimatic conditions, on the offshore platforms, in zones of extreme cold and high temperatures are not presented. TR of this design require a separate study due to the specific working conditions.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM MATERI PERPINDAHAN KALOR MELALUI MEDIA QUIZIZZ PADA SISWA KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Safitri Indah
Published: November 2022

This study aims to describe the Quizizz  media as a learning evaluation application and improve learning evaluation results. This classroom action research was conducted in three cycles with one learning meeting in each cycle. Each cycle consists of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Every meeting, students work on learning evaluations through quizzz. The research subjects were 15 students of class V SD 3 Karangampel Kaliwungu Kudus. The results showed that Quizizz  is a learning media for learning evaluation activities that make students feel motivated to do evaluations. Learning outcomes are shown from the increase in Quizizz  results. In the first cycle, the number of students who completed was 47%. The results increased in the second cycle to 73% and in the third cycle the students' completeness reached 87%. Students are more motivated to be able to do quizzz so that learning outcomes increase.
PENGGUNAAN MODEL PROJECT BASED LEARNING (PJBL) DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERNALAR KRITIS PADA MATERI MENGKLASIFIKASIKAN INFORMASI WACANA MEDIA CETAK SISWA KELAS 5 SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Mariatul Kibtiyah Asna
Published: November 2022

This study aims to improve critical reasoning skills on the material of classifying print media discourse information in 5th grade elementary school students by using a project based learning model. The type of research used is Classroom Action Research through 2 cycles with the instrument used is a critical reasoning rubric. The research subjects were students of grade 5C at SDN Pati Kidul 01. This study showed that in cycle 1 the total score of students was 227 points with an average score of 9.46 or 47.3%. Furthermore, in cycle 2 the total score of grade 5C students at SDN Pati Kidul 01 increased to 346 points with an average score of 14.42 or 72.1%. Thus, the use of the project based learning model has succeeded in increasing critical reasoning skills in classifying information about printed media discourse for 5th grade students of SDN Pati Kidul 01.
ANALISIS PELAYANAN PENDIDIKAN INKLUSI ANAK DISGRAFIA STUDI KASUS PADA SISWA KELAS III SD
Authors: Amiruddin Muhammad Zulfikar
Published: November 2022

This study aims to find out the factors that cause children to become disgrafia and find out the services provided to disgrafia children in class III elementary school 2 Klepu Semarang. This research uses qualitative types and case study designs. The research sample was a special needs student in class III of Klepu State Elementary School 02 Pringapus District, Semarang Regency. The data collection methods used are interviews, observations, documentation and field records. The results of this study show that educational services provide several inclusion education programs to overcome children with learning problems which include the use of media that support children to be more interested in learning and also curriculum modifications carried out by classroom teachers along with special accompanying teachers. In addition, there are several factors that cause children to have learning difficulties due to the lack of attention that parents give to children. As well as the absence of communication between teachers and parents in overcoming difficulties in learning to write children.
ANALISIS SISTEM INFERENCE FUZZY SUGENO DALAM MENENTUKAN HARGA PENJUALAN TANAH UNTUK PEMBANGUNAN MINIMARKET
Authors: Meimaharani Rizkysari , Listyorini Tri
Published: November 2022

ABSTRAK Persaingan pembuatan minimarket dilihat dari lokasi, tanah, dan prasarana yang mendukung. Harga penjualan tanah dilihat dari luas tanah dan jarak dari minimarket lain. Semakin jauh jarak minimarket satu dengan minimarket yang lain maka nilai jual akan semakin tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengalokasi harga penjualan tanah untuk dibangunkan minimarket. Pengolahan data menggunakan Inference Fuzzy Sugeno. Interface Fuzzy Sugeno outputnya berupa konstanta atau persamaan linier. Berdasarkan pengujian yang dilakukan dapat diketahui bahwa teknik kendali fuzzy mampu menghasilkan respon seperti yang diharapkan yaitu mampu menilai jarak jauh dekat yang menentukan harga dalam penjualan tanah untuk pembangunan minimarket. Kata kunci: Fuzzy Sugeno, minimarket, tanah.
A Study on Experiential Motivation Customer Satisfaction and Re-rent Intention of the Sharing Economy Users
Authors: Wu Xiao Qing , Lin Kuo Wei
Published: November 2022

From the experience and opinions of YouBike users, this study aims to investigate their experiential motivation, customer satisfaction and re-rent intention. The purposes of the study includes: (a) explore the actual use situation of YouBike in Taiwan colleges; (b) understand the correlation between experiential motivation, customer satisfaction and re-rent intention of YouBike users in Taiwan colleges; (c) understand whether there is a significant influence on experiential motivation, customer satisfaction and re-rent intention of YouBike users in Taiwan colleges. In this study, the questionnaire survey was conducted. The objects were YouBike users on campus in Taiwan. Descriptive analysis, Independent-Sample t test, and Regression Analysis were used as the statistical analysis. All the results were analyzed by SPSS statistical software. The results show that: The majority of YouBike users are the students with regular exercise habits (around one to two times a week); most college students rent YouBike less than 4 times a month and they usually spend less than 4 hours riding YouBike as short-distance transportation. At last, the regression analysis was implemented and revealed that there is a significant correlation between experiential motivation, customer satisfaction, and re-rent intention. Therefore, the better the degree of satisfaction after riding the bike, the more re-rent intention is. At the end, recommendations were made for future improvements.
ANALISIS PENGARUH LAGU ANAK TERHADAP SIKAP PROSOSIAL ANAK USIA 2-4 TAHUN DI TPA PENA PRIMA SEMARANG
Authors: Lestari Ayu , Purwadi  , Pusari Ratna Wahyu
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh suatu permasalahan yaitu anak-anak di TPA Pena Prima Semarang yang dalam rentang usia 2-4 tahun belum menunjukan sikap prososial. Sikap prososial ditunjukkan melalui perilaku-perilaku anak ketika berinteraksi dengan teman-temannya ataupun dengan bunda, yaitu anak yang tidak peduli dengan temannya. Ketika dalam permainan kelompok anak belum bisa bekerjasama dengan teman dalam kelompoknya. Focus penelitian berdasarkan latar belakang di atas adalah bagaimana pengaruh lagu dalam Channel Nussa Official terhadap sikap prososial anak usia 2-4 tahun khususnya di TPA Pena Prima Semarang. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif, untuk meneliti pengaruh lagu dalam Channel Nussa Official terhadap sikap prososial anak. Data dalam penelitian ini dimulai dari masuk sekolah hingga kepulangan anak yang mencakup hasil observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lagu dalam Channel Nussa Official dapat menumbuhkan sikap prososial anak meliputi aspek sikap berbagi, kerjasama, menolong dan jujur. Saran yang dapat disampaikan adalah hendaknya lagu yang diberikan pada anak memuat pengetahuan-pengetahuan baik akademik maupun penanaman sikap dan nilai karakter serta lagu yang sesuai dengan tingkat usia anak.
PENERAPAN METODE DEMONSTRASI DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI TATA CARA BERWUDHU
Authors: Suriati Suriati
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penggunaan metode demonstrasi dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi tata cara berwudhu kelas II SDN 21 Mattabulu Kec. Lalabata Kab. Soppeng. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan di SDN 21 Mattabulu Kec. Lalabata Kab. Soppeng. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tes dan observasi. Adapun teknik analisis data dilakukan secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian untuk proses aktivitas mengajar guru menunjukkan bahwa pada siklus I pencapaian proses aktivitas mengajar guru mencapai 65% atau berada pada kategori kurang, pada siklus II kualitas mengajar guru meningkat menjadi 85% atau kategori cukup, dan pada siklus III kualitas mengajar guru meningkat menjadi 93,33% atau kategori baik. Selanjutnya, aktivitas belajar peserta didik pada siklus I mencapai nilai rata rata 65 dan meningkat menjadi 86,66 atau berada dalam kategori baik pada siklus III menurut skala deskriptif aktivitas pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa pada materi tata cara berwudu kelas II SDN 21 Mattabulu Kec. Lalabata Kab. Soppeng dapat ditingkatkan melalui metode Demonstrasi.