bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Hypodensity Detection Tool improves clinician identification of hypodensity on non-contrast CT in stroke patients
Authors: Dos Santos A , Visser M , Lin L , Bivard A , Churilov L , Parsons M
Published: November 2023

Background

In acute stroke, identifying early changes (parenchymal hypodensity) on non-contrast CT (NCCT) can be challenging. We aimed to identify whether the accuracy of clinicians in detecting acute hypodensity in ischaemic stroke patients on a non-contrast CT is improved with the use of an automated HDT algorithm using MRI-DWI as the gold standard.

Methods

The study employed a case-crossover within-clinician design, where clinicians were tasked with identifying hypodensity lesions on NCCT scans for five a priori selected patient cases, before and after viewing the HDT. The DICE Similarity Coefficient (DICE score) was the primary measure of accuracy. Statistical analysis compared DICE scores with and without HDT using mixed-effects linear regression, with individual NCCT scans and clinicians as nested random effects.

Results

The HDT had a mean DICE score of 0.62 for detecting hypodensity across all NCCT scans and clinicians overall mean DICE score of 0.33 (SD 0.31) before HDT implementation and 0.40 (SD 0.27) after implementation. HDT use was associated with an increase of 0.07 (95% CI: 0.02-0.11, p=0.003) in DICE score accounting for individual scan and clinician effects. For scans with small lesions, clinicians achieved a mean increase in DICE score of 0.08 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.13, p=0.004) following HDT use. In a subgroup of 15 trainees, DICE score improved with HDT implementation (mean difference in DICE 0.09 [95% CI: 0.03, 0.14, p=0.004]).

Conclusions

The Hypodensity Detection Tool (HDT) has potential to enhance accuracy of detecting hypodensity in acute stroke diagnosis, especially for smaller lesions, and notably for less experienced clinicians.
High-throughput single-cell phenotypic profiling and backtracing exposes and predicts clinically relevant subpopulations in isogenicStaphylococcus aureuscommunities
Authors: Hira Jonathan , Singh Bhupender , Halder Tirthankar , Mahmutovic Anel , Ajayi Clement , Sekh Arif Ahmed , Hegstad Kristin , Johannessen Mona , Lentz Christian S.
Published: November 2023

Isogenic bacterial cell populations are phenotypically heterogenous and may include subpopulations of antibiotic tolerant or heteroresistant cells. The reversible nature of these phenotypes and lack of biomarkers to differentiate functionally different, but morphologically identical cells is a challenge for research and clinical detection. To overcome this, we present ‘CellularPhenotypicProfiling and backTracing (CPPT)’, a flexible fluorescence-activated cell sorting platform, that uses optical probes to visualize and quantify cellular traits and connects the resulting phenotypic profile with a cell’s experimentally determined fate in single cell-derived growth and antibiotic susceptibility analysis. By applying CPPT onStaphylococcus aureuspopulations we recorded phenotypic signatures for dormant cells, exposed microanatomy-independent bimodal growth patterns in colony-derived cells, and revealed different culturability of single cells on solid compared to liquid media. We demonstrate that vancomycin-bodipyFL marks cellular subpopulations with increased likelihood to survive antibiotic exposure, showcasing the value of CPPT for discovery of clinically relevant biomarkers.
Characterizing constitutive promoters across the Proteobacteria
Authors: Schuster Layla , Mejia Catalina , Rodriguez Lidimarie Trujillo , Kairalla Emily , Reisch Christopher R. , Chevrette Marc G. , Dias Raquel
Published: November 2023

Although research on promoters has spanned decades, the precise prediction of promoter activity from DNA sequence remains a challenge even in model organisms. Recent literature has identified important differences in the core sequence of σ70promoters across classes of Proteobacteria as well as a lack of transferability when promoters are moved from host to host. Currently, there is a need for synthetic constitutive promoters spanning a range of expression levels in species outside ofEscherichia coli.Additionally, characterization data defining behavior of the same promoter across multiple species would be extremely valuable to the field. Here, we analyzed promoter activity in three classes of Proteobacteria, which enabled us to better understand the sequence elements correlated with a strong promoter in different hosts. In doing so, we identified and characterized constitutive promoters spanning a range of expression in these species for community use and described the portability of a subset of these promoters as they were moved between hosts. These promoter libraries have broad applications as predictable genetic tools to control gene expression in diverse species (1–3). This work adds to the toolkit for gene expression in non-model bacteria and is a step towards the larger goal of accurate promoter prediction in a given host from ade novosequence.
Targeting editing of tomatoSPEECHLESScis-regulatory regions generates plants with altered stomatal density in response to changing climate conditions
Authors: Nir Ido , Budrys Alanta , Smoot N. Katherine , Erberich Joel , Bergmann Dominique C.
Published: November 2023

Flexible developmental programs enable plants to customize their organ size and cellular composition. In leaves of eudicots, the stomatal lineage produces two essential cell types, stomata and pavement cells, but the total numbers and ratio of these cell types can vary. Central to this flexibility is the stomatal lineage initiating transcription factor, SPEECHLESS (SPCH). Here we show, by multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 editing ofSlSPCH cis-regulatory sequences in tomato, that we can identify variants with altered stomatal development responses to light and temperature cues. Analysis of tomato leaf development across different conditions, aided by newly-created tools for live-cell imaging and translational reporters of SlSPCH and its paralogues SlMUTE and SlFAMA, revealed the series of cellular events that lead to the environmental change-driven responses in leaf form. Plants bearing the novel SlSPCH variants generated in this study are powerful resources for fundamental and applied studies of tomato resilience in response to climate change.

Significance statement

Plants can change their shape, size and cellular composition in response to environmental cues. Here, by precise gene editing of a core stomatal development regulator gene in tomato, we generate new alleles with enhanced or dampened responses to light and temperature cues. Combined with live imaging of development, we show the genetic and cellular pathways that contribute to customization of the leaf epidermis, and how this could lead to better climate-adapted varieties.
Temporal Insights into Molecular and Cellular Responses during rAAV Production in HEK293T Cells
Authors: Patra Alok Tanala , Tan Evan , Kok Yee Jiun , Ng Say Kong , Bi Xuezhi
Published: November 2023

The gene therapy field is actively pursuing cost-effective, large-scale production of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors for therapeutic applications, which demand high dosages. Enhanced yield is essential but presents technical and cost challenges. Strategies like suspension cell culture, transfection optimization, and cultivation conditions have shown moderate success but fall short for large-scale applications. In this study, we explore the host cell proteome of HEK293T cell lines used for AAV2 production under different transfection conditions (standard, sub-optimal, optimal) using SWATH-MS. To understand molecular and cellular mechanisms, we created a tailored spectral library for HEK293T-AAV interactions. Our gene ontology and pathway analysis revealed significant protein expression variations, particularly in processes related to cellular homeostasis, metabolic regulation, vesicular transport, ribosomal biogenesis, and cellular proliferation under optimal transfection conditions. These conditions increased rAAV titre by 50% compared to standard protocols. Furthermore, we identified alterations in host cell proteins crucial for AAV mRNA stability and gene translation, particularly regarding AAV capsid transcripts in optimal transfection conditions. This study provides insights into cellular mechanisms during rAAV production in HEK293T cells and offers potential advancements in scalability and cost-efficiency for gene therapy vector production.

Significance

Generating AAV is challenging and the amount produced is limited, despite the success of gene therapy. Thus, it is necessary to enhance the productivity of host cells through various engineering techniques. The replication and transduction of viruses cause numerous modifications to the host cell’s proteome. Viruses exploit the processes of the host cell, influencing the availability, post-translational adjustments, associations, or placement of its proteins during the replication/growth cycle. Comprehending the fluctuations in biological processes during AAV replication is essential to grasping how virus-host relations shape the result of infection and viral protein expression.
Paradoxical dominant negative activity of an immunodeficiency-associated activatingPIK3R1variant
Authors: Tomlinson Patsy R. , Knox Rachel , Perisic Olga , Su Helen C. , Brierley Gemma V. , Williams Roger L. , Semple Robert K.
Published: November 2023

PIK3R1encodes three regulatory subunits of class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), each associating with any of three catalytic subunits, namely p110α, p110β or p110δ. ConstitutionalPIK3R1mutations cause diseases with a genotype-phenotype relationship not yet fully explained: heterozygous loss-of-function mutations cause SHORT syndrome, featuring insulin resistance and short stature attributed to reduced p110α function, while heterozygous activating mutations cause immunodeficiency, attributed to p110δ activation and known as APDS2. Surprisingly, APDS2 patients do not show features of p110α hyperactivation, but do commonly have SHORT syndrome-like features, suggesting p110α hypofunction. We sought to investigate this. In dermal fibroblasts from an APDS2 patient, we found no increased PI3K signalling, with p110δ expression markedly reduced. In preadipocytes, the APDS2 variant was potently dominant negative, associating with Irs1 and Irs2 but failing to heterodimerise with p110α. This attenuation of p110α signalling by a p110δ-activating PIK3R1 variant potentially explains co-incidence of gain-of-function and loss-of-functionPIK3R1phenotypes.
A mitochondrial carrier transports glycolytic intermediates to link cytosolic and mitochondrial glycolysis in the human gut parasiteBlastocystis
Authors: Pyrihová Eva , King Martin S. , King Alannah C. , Toleco M. Rey , van der Giezen Mark , Kunji Edmund R.S.
Published: November 2023

Stramenopiles form a clade of diverse eukaryotic organisms, including multicellular algae, the fish and plant pathogenic oomycetes, such as the potato blightPhytophthora,and the human intestinal protozoanBlastocystis. In most eukaryotes, glycolysis is a strictly cytosolic metabolic pathway that converts glucose to pyruvate, resulting in the production of NADH and ATP. In contrast, stramenopiles have a branched glycolysis in which the enzymes of the pay-off phase are located in both the cytosol and the mitochondrial matrix. Here, we identify a mitochondrial carrier inBlastocystisthat can transport glycolytic intermediates, such as dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, across the mitochondrial inner membrane, linking the cytosolic and mitochondrial branches of glycolysis. Comparative analyses with the phylogenetically-related human mitochondrial oxoglutarate carrier (SLC25A11) and dicarboxylate carrier (SLC25A10) show that the glycolytic intermediate carrier has lost its ability to transport the canonical substrates malate and oxoglutarate.Blastocystislacks several key components of oxidative phosphorylation required for the generation of mitochondrial ATP, such as complexes III and IV, ATP synthase and ADP/ATP carriers. The presence of the glycolytic pay-off phase in the mitochondrial matrix generates ATP, which powers energy-requiring processes, such as macromolecular synthesis, as well as NADH, used by mitochondrial complex I to generate a proton motive force to drive the import of proteins and molecules. Given its unique substrate specificity and central role in carbon and energy metabolism, the carrier for glycolytic intermediates identified here represents a specific drug and pesticide target against stramenopile pathogens, which are of great economic importance.
Dissecting unique and common variance across body and brain health indicators using age prediction
Authors: Beck Dani , de Lange Ann-Marie G. , Gurholt Tiril P. , Voldsbekk Irene , Maximov Ivan I. , Subramaniapillai Sivaniya , Schindler Louise , Hindley Guy , Leonardsen Esten H. , Rahman Zillur , van der Meer Dennis , Korbmacher Max , Linge Jennifer , Leinhard Olof D. , Kalleberg Karl T. , Engvig Andreas , Sønderby Ida , Andreassen Ole A. , Westlye Lars T.
Published: November 2023

Ageing is a heterogeneous multisystem process involving different rates of decline in physiological integrity across biological systems. The current study dissects the unique and common variance across body and brain health indicators and parses inter-individual heterogeneity in the multisystem ageing process. Using machine-learning regression models on the UK Biobank dataset (N = 32,593, age range 44.6-82.3, mean age 64.1 years), we first estimated tissue-specific brain age for white and gray matter based on diffusion and T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, respectively. Next, bodily health traits including cardiometabolic, anthropometric, and body composition measures of adipose and muscle tissue from bioimpedance and body MRI were combined to predict ‘body age’. The results showed that the body age model demonstrated comparable age prediction accuracy to models trained solely on brain MRI data. The correlation between body age and brain age predictions was 0.62 for the T1 and 0.64 for the diffusion-based model, indicating a degree of unique variance in brain and bodily ageing processes. Bayesian multilevel modelling carried out to quantify the associations between health traits and predicted age discrepancies showed that higher systolic blood pressure and higher muscle-fat infiltration were related to older-appearing body age compared to brain age. Conversely, higher hand-grip strength and muscle volume were related to a younger-appearing body age. Our findings corroborate the common notion of a close connection between somatic and brain health. However, they also suggest that health traits may differentially influence age predictions beyond what is captured by the brain imaging data, potentially contributing to heterogeneous ageing rates across biological systems and individuals.
The role of maternal secretor status and human milk oligosaccharides on early childhood development: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mulinge Martin M. , Abisi Hellen K. , Kabahweza Hellen M. , Okutoyi Lydia , Wamalwa Dalton C. , Nduati Ruth W.
Published: November 2023

Breast milk is the gold standard of infant nutrition, delivering nutrients and bioactive molecules as needed to support optimal infant growth and neurodevelopment. Increasing evidence links the human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) to these early childhood development milestones. In this PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis, we summarised evidence on HMOs and infant brain development, physical growth, and cognitive development. In addition, we compared HMO concentrations between secretor and non-secretor mothers. Searches in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science yielded 245 articles, 27 of which were included in the systematic review and 12 in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed a substantial between-study heterogeneity, I2= 97.3%. The pooled effect was 0.21 (95% CI, −0.41 - 0.83), p = 0.484, indicating that secretors had higher HMO concentrations, though this difference was not statistically significant. At one month of age, 2’FL, 3FL, and 3’SL play an important role in brain maturation and thus play a critical role in cognitive development. Secretors secrete higher concentrations of 2’FL and 3’SL, explaining the benefits to infants of secretor mothers. Growth velocity was correlated to fucosylated and sialylated HMO concentrations, with lower concentrations linked to stunting. In conclusion, evidence from the systematically reviewed articles indicates that HMOs are important for a child’s early development, but the extent to which they have an impact is dependent on maternal secretor status.
Parsing memory and nonmemory contributions to age-related declines in mnemonic discrimination performance: a hierarchical Bayesian diffusion decision modeling approach
Authors: Chwiesko Caroline , Janecek John , Doering Stephanie , Hollearn Martina , McMillan Liv , Vandekerckhove Joachim , Lee Michael D. , Ratcliff Roger , Yassa Michael A.
Published: November 2023

The mnemonic discrimination task (MDT) is a widely used cognitive assessment tool. Performance in this task is believed to indicate an age-related deficit in episodic memory stemming from a decreased ability to pattern-separate among similar experiences. However, cognitive processes other than memory ability might impact task performance. In this study, we investigated whether nonmnemonic decision-making processes contribute to the age-related deficit in the MDT. We applied a hierarchical Bayesian version of the Ratcliff diffusion model to the MDT performance of 26 younger and 31 cognitively normal older adults. It allowed us to decompose decision behavior in the MDT into different underlying cognitive processes, represented by specific model parameters. Model parameters were compared between groups, and differences were evaluated using the Bayes factor. Our results suggest that the age-related decline in MDT performance indicates a predominantly mnemonic deficit rather than differences in nonmnemonic decision-making processes. In addition, this mnemonic deficit might also involve a slowing in processes related to encoding and retrieval strategies, which are relevant for successful memory as well. These findings help to better understand what cognitive processes contribute to the age-related decline in MDT performance and may help to improve the diagnostic value of this popular task.
The bad and the good of trends in model building and refinement for sparse-data regions: pernicious forms of overfitting versus good new tools and predictions
Authors: Richardson Jane S. , Williams Christopher J. , Chen Vincent B. , Prisant Michael G. , Richardson David C.
Published: November 2023

Model building and refinement, and the validation of their correctness, are very effective and reliable at local resolutions better than about 2.5 Å for both crystallography and cryo-EM. However, at local resolutions worse than 2.5 Å both the procedures and their validation break down and do not ensure reliably correct models. This is because in the broad density at lower resolution, critical features such as protein backbone carbonyl O atoms are not just less accurate but are not seen at all, and so peptide orientations are frequently wrongly fitted by 90–180°. This puts both backbone and side chains into the wrong local energy minimum, and they are then worsened rather than improved by further refinement into a valid but incorrect rotamer or Ramachandran region. On the positive side, new tools are being developed to locate this type of pernicious error in PDB depositions, such as CaBLAM, EMRinger, Pperp diagnosis of ribose puckers, and peptide flips in PDB-REDO, while interactive modeling in Coot or ISOLDE can help to fix many of them. Another positive trend is that artificial intelligence predictions such as those made by AlphaFold2 contribute additional evidence from large multiple sequence alignments, and in high-confidence parts they provide quite good starting models for loops, termini or whole domains with otherwise ambiguous density.
Does an effective audit committee influence firm performance? –The moderation role of knowledge intensity
Authors: Singhania Abhisheck Kumar , Panda Nagari Mohan
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This study aims to examine the relationship between audit committee (AC) effectiveness and firm performance (FP) with the moderation of knowledge intensity while observing the varying effect of each AC characteristic’s influence on its effectiveness.

Design/methodology/approach

This study examines 133 companies covering five years from 2016 to 2020 using the partial least squares-structural equation model and weighing AC effectiveness-related characteristics through multiple regression between AC characteristics and the AC effectiveness construct.

Findings

The results indicate that the knowledge intensity of the firms negatively influences the relationship between their AC effectiveness and FP, implying that the ACs are not sophisticated enough to monitor the knowledge component of the firm’s assets. Among AC characteristics, six attributes have a significant positive impact, two have a negative impact and three have no significant influence on AC effectiveness while influencing FP.

Research limitations/implications

Apart from guiding the regulators, managers and other stakeholders to choose an appropriate mix of AC characteristics for enhancing FP, the study contributes to the existing literature by providing evidence that ACs are ineffective in monitoring the knowledge assets of the company compared to physical assets.

Originality/value

This study is pioneering in investigating the moderation role of knowledge intensity on the relationship between AC effectiveness and FP. While providing a comprehensive and holistic view of AC effectiveness by considering 11 AC characteristics’ individual as well as aggregate effects on FP, it removes the obsolescence of earlier research in the Indian context owing to the latest regulatory reforms.
A numerical and experimental study of a buoy interacting with waves
Authors: Núñez Aedo Jonathan , Cruchaga Marcela A. , Storti Mario A.
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to report the study of a fluid buoy system that includes wave effects, with particular emphasis on validating the numerical results with experimental data.

Design/methodology/approach

A fluid–solid coupled algorithm is proposed to describe the motion of a rigid buoy under the effects of waves. The Navier–Stokes equations are solved with the open-source finite volume package Code Saturne, in which a free-surface capture technique and equations of motion for the solid are implemented. An ad hoc experiment on a laboratory scale is built. A buoy is placed into a tank partially filled with water; the tank is mounted into a shake table and subjected to controlled motion that promotes waves. The experiment allows for recording the evolution of the free surface at the control points using the ultrasonic sensors and the movement of the buoy by tracking the markers by postprocessing the recorded videos. The numerical results are validated by comparison with the experimental data.

Findings

The implemented free-surface technique, developed within the framework of the finite-volume method, is validated. The best-obtained agreement is for small amplitudes compatible with the waves evolving under deep-water conditions. Second, the algorithm proposed to describe rigid-body motion, including wave analysis, is validated. The numerical body motion and wave pattern satisfactorily matched the experimental data. The complete 3D proposed model can realistically describe buoy motions under the effects of stationary waves.

Originality/value

The novel aspects of this study encompass the implementation of a fluid–structure interaction strategy to describe rigid-body motion, including wave effects in a finite-volume context, and the reported free-surface and buoy position measurements from experiments. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the numerical strategy, the validation of the computed results and the experimental data are all original contributions of this work.
Clearance compatibility and design principle of the single-structured hybrid gas-magnetic bearing
Authors: Liu Qing , Wang Li , Feng Ming
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to study the clearance compatibility of active magnetic bearing (AMB) and gas bearing (GB) to achieve a single-structured hybrid gas-magnetic bearing (HGMB), which uses a single bearing structure to realize both the functions of gas bearing and magnetic bearing.

Design/methodology/approach

Because the radial clearance size of the AMB is typically ten times larger than that of the GB, radial clearance compatibility of GB and AMB needs to maximize the radial clearance of GB by adjusting structural parameters. Parametric analysis of structural parameters of GB is explored. Furthermore, a general structural design principle based on static analysis, rotordynamic performance and system stability is established for the single-structured HGMB.

Findings

Load capacity is vastly reduced due to the enlarged radial clearance of the GB. A minimum clearance needs to be ensured by increasing the bearing diameter or width to compensate for the reduced load capacity, yet indirectly raising the bearing load. Increased bearing load is conducive to stability, yet it raises the risk of rotor abrasion. In addition, excessively large bearing diameter leads to system instability, and inappropriate bearing width affects critical speeds. A general structural design principle is established and the designed HGMB–rotor processes optimal performances.

Originality/value

A single-structured HGMB is proposed to address the urgent demand for high-speed, cryogenic turboexpanders with frequent starts/stops. This design applies a single-bearing structure to realize the characteristics of both GB and AMB, greatly simplifying the implementation, reducing air friction loss and raising critical speeds. This paper provides a fresh perspective on the development of cryogenic turboexpanders for hydrogen liquefaction. It theoretically validates the feasibility and provides a design guide for a single-structured HGMB system.
Why do they decide to stay? Experience of Indian women surviving intimate partner violence
Authors: Abdul Azeez E.P. , Negi Dandub Palzor , Kukreja Tanu , Tanwar Kamini C. , Surya Kumar M. , Kalyani V. , Harmain Darakhshan
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a prevalent public health issue impacting women’s physical and mental health and psychosocial walks of life across cultures and societies. Despite this, many women continue to stay in such relationships. This study aims to examine, from a constructionist perspective, why women stay in abusive marriages and what factors prevent them from taking appropriate actions. Also, women’s experiences of surviving IPV were explored.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a descriptive qualitative research method, the authors recruited and interviewed 17 women from northern India. The data were analysed thematically.

Findings

The underlying themes that emerged in response to the research questions were the lack of family support, societal ideals, the culture of normalizing violence, fear, love and hope and emotional turmoil. The reason for women not to leave abusive marriages corresponds to the broader social constructions of marriage and women’s perceived positions in family and society.

Originality/value

Research on women’s decision to stay in abusive relationships is limited, especially from the Global South. This study generates fresh evidence on the subject matter, specifically from the Indian context. The study result contributes uniquely by approaching the problem of staying in an abusive relationship from a social constructionist perspective. This study has implications for policy and psychosocial interventions to bring progressive changes in the lives of women experiencing IPV.
Development of PBL on technopreneur education to encourage faster technology commercialization
Authors: Afraah Sayyidah Maulidatul , Sutopo Wahyudi , Hisjam Muh.
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This research aims to assess and compare project-based learning (PBL) designs to deliver technopreneur in higher education, as a case student of the Industrial Engineering Department. So, it can facilitate students who play a role in facilitating the process of technological transformation so the student knows well how to solve the problem of commercialization.

Design/methodology/approach

Undergraduate students of Industrial Engineering teams were given hands-on, collaborative projects conducted with two incubation centers, such as the Technology Incubator Center from the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (AAAT) from the government of Indonesia and the Centre of Excellence for Electrical Energy Storage Technology (CEfEEST) from Sebelas Maret University (UNS), Indonesia. After completing the project, students will develop a final project which will become the basis for evaluating the implementation of PBL. The basis for the assessment uses a rubric designed through three sub-assessments: curriculum planning, report and presentation. This research uses the paired t-test method to see the average difference between the two groups of PBL in pairs and compare based on assessment results.

Findings

Implementing PBL between the two incubation centers (AAAT and CEfEEST) based on paired t-tests for each rubric assessment indicator showed most of them were significantly related. The assessment result gives the alternative to design the proposed PBL from AAAT, CEfEEST and a blended scenario for technopreneur education in the future.

Practical implications

The experiences and findings presented can help future PBLs provide technopreneur education based on comparing and evaluating learning outcomes in both incubation centers. Thus, it can produce a better PBL design to encourage the success of technology commercialization.

Originality/value

The assessment of PBL on students' knowledge in technopreneur education by utilizing the paired t-test method to compare the assessment results of the final projects with the designed assessment rubric. This evaluation serves as the basis for comparing the effectiveness of PBL implementation between AAAT and CEfEEST.
Understanding the relationship between the material self, belief in brand essence and luxury fashion rental
Authors: Baek Eunsoo , Park Eujin , Oh Ga-eun (Grace)
Published: November 2023

Purpose

With the growing market for luxury fashion rental, we aim to examine how renting luxury fashion is related to consumers' construction of the material self, based on material self-framework. We propose that consumers adopt luxury fashion rentals to construct and manage the personal and social aspects of the material self and that their belief in brand essence facilitates the mechanism.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 296 responses of US female participants collected from Cloudresearch were analyzed to test the relationships between constructs in the proposed model.

Findings

The results, using structural equation modeling analysis, supported the expected relationships. Specifically, whereas the social material self directly increased adoption intention, the personal material self indirectly increased such intention via the belief that rented luxury items preserve brand essence.

Originality/value

Our findings advance the literature by showing how the self is constructed and managed in collaborative luxury fashion consumption, from self-identity perspective. The current research reveals the important roles of two aspects of material self that respectively contribute to consumers' adoption of luxury fashion rentals.

Research limitations/implications

This study empirically tests the material self theory in the context of luxury fashion rental and demonstrates the processes of how consumers regard a luxury fashion rental as a tool to construct their identity. This study not only validates the two-structure model of material self (social and personal), but also incorporate the role of brand essence in revealing how the two facets of material self differently facilitate luxury fashion rental adoption.
When workplace incivility begets ineffectual employee silence-the role of rationalized knowledge hiding and regulation of emotion
Authors: Ballekura Balakrishna , Vilvanathan Lavanya
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between workplace incivility (WIN) and ineffectual employee silence (IES) through rationalized knowledge-hiding (RKH) and regulation of emotion, drawing on the conservation of resources (COR) and social exchange theory (SET).

Design/methodology/approach

The study employed a cross-sectional design and used the partial least squares (PLS)-structural equational modeling (SEM) algorithm to test the reliability, validity of the measurement and hypotheses using a sample of 252 information technology (IT) professionals.

Findings

The results demonstrate that experienced WIN and RKH behavior significantly exacerbate IES. On the other side, the regulation of emotion decreases the negative influence of WIN and aids in the reduction of IES.

Practical implications

The study suggests that organizations should take appropriate measures to alleviate WIN, which might prevent concealing information/knowledge, IES and encourage employees to practice regulation of emotion.

Originality/value

The study significantly contributes to the relationship between uncivil behavior and ES and expands the knowledge on the mediating roles of RKH and regulation of emotion.
Influence of training and development interventions on employee retention – an employer brand-based agenda
Authors: Bharadwaj Shubhangi
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The aim of the study is to assess the effect of employer branding dimension of training and development on the retention of employees through the mediation of organizational identification (OI).

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on data collected from the Indian IT employees. Regression and PROCESS Macro were used to test the hypotheses.

Findings

The regression results revealed that employer branding attribute of training and development influence employee retention (ER). Second, training and development influences OI and ER. Third, the relationship between training and development and ER is mediated by OI.

Research limitations/implications

The research provides a new direction, strategizing a brand around development value is effective to enhance OI and their intent to stay. The major limitation is that the data is collected from a single source that may result in the issue of common method biasness.

Originality/value

The paper focuses on measuring the effects of training and development on the retention of employees through the mediation of OI, for which studies are very limited.
Sustainability management accounting – enabling macro-level sustainability transformation towards the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Christ Katherine L. , Dijkstra-Silva Samanthi , Burritt Roger L. , Schaltegger Stefan
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Business has a critical part to play in transforming the global economy and society to achieve sustainable development. Many granular sustainability accounting and management tools have been offered. To systematize these piecemeal developments, this paper aims to develop a framework for analysis of the potential role of sustainability management accounting (SMA). The key challenge addressed is how SMA could be extended to support future-oriented, long-term, pro-active management of multiple issues to contribute towards strong sustainable development at the macro-economy level.

Design/methodology/approach

This conceptual paper examines SMA within a multi-level, context-action-transformation framework which can move organizations and society towards sustainability. Based on normative stakeholder theory, including concern for mainstreaming marginalized stakeholders, the paper discusses the role of SMA and how it can contribute necessary information to sustainable development of the company and beyond its boundaries.

Findings

Guided by a SMA framework linking context, action and transformation and normative stakeholder theory, which considers all stakeholders, the paper shows how the present lack of progress towards macro-level sustainable development can be addressed. This requires a focus on measuring and assessing positive impacts and forward-looking, long-term and proactive management of multiple sustainability issues as typified by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Practical implications

The paper distinguishes between two aspects of SMA – a focus on reducing unsustainability and a focus on transformations towards sustainability. It is observed that there is insufficient emphasis on the latter at present if SMA is to provide comprehensive support to achieving the SDGs. A set of supportive tools is presented as a guide to practice and future developments.

Originality/value

The paper considers how SMA can enable and support transformations towards sustainability at the macro- and meso-level. Different transformational challenges and opportunities are discussed. In particular, the need to balance consideration of time, proactivity and multiplicity, as highlighted in the SDGs, is identified as the central way forward for SMA.
Examining the interplay between resilience, mental health and young adults: insights from bibliometric analysis on historical, contemporary and future trends
Authors: Tan Christine Nya-Ling , Fauzi Muhammad Ashraf
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This study aims to conduct a complete bibliometric analysis of published research to develop a solid roadmap for future research into developing young adults’ mental health and resilience and to further the body of knowledge and scientific advancement in this area.

Design/methodology/approach

A literature search using VOSviewer, through Web of Science, was conducted to identify young adult mental health and resilience studies. A total of 226 studies were identified between 1993 and the end of June 2022, as the number of published studies increased. Extracted data included citation, co-citation, keyword and co-word analyses.

Findings

This study evaluates the current knowledge structure of young adult mental health and resilience through co-citation analysis and discovers the directions and trends of popular topics in young adult mental health and resilience through co-word analysis. It suggests that legislators and physicians should aim to provide social support via screening and interventions, especially for young adults struggling with disruption in their social lives.

Originality/value

Using a bibliometric approach, the findings provide a robust roadmap for further investigation into young adult mental health and resilience evolution. This method will further advance the knowledge and progress of this field, as this research is the first attempt at doing so – to the best of the authors’ knowledge.
Does banning cryptocurrencies affect stock markets?
Authors: Elroukh Ahmed W.
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the impact of banning cryptocurrencies on stock markets.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses an event study approach and data from stock market indices in nine countries that imposed a ban. It uses the constant mean model and the market model, with two different benchmarks for global returns, to analyze if any of the stock indices show abnormal returns on or around the announcement of a cryptocurrency ban.

Findings

The analysis shows that banning cryptocurrencies did not affect the returns of stock markets in any of the countries studied, indicating that the cryptocurrency market and stock markets are decoupled from each other, or the ban was not effectively implemented.

Originality/value

To the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper is the first to explore the potential spillover effect of a cryptocurrency ban on stock markets. It also bridges two strands of literature: the relationship between cryptocurrencies and traditional assets, and the impact of cryptocurrency regulation on their returns.
Purple hiring: a revolution in workplace inclusivity: how industries are embracing persons with disabilities (PWD) through innovative practices?
Authors: Shenoy Veena
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the best practices for Purple Hiring, a new paradigm for workplace inclusivity that emphasizes the recruitment and retention of Persons with Disabilities (PWD).

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on a review of existing literature and interviews with experts in the field of disability inclusion.

Findings

This paper explores the best practices for Purple Hiring, including tailored interview processes, assistive technology integration, flexible work arrangements, mentorship and peer support, accessibility audits and design thinking, inclusive leadership training, diversity and inclusion committees, collaborative partnerships, recognition and awards and continuous learning and adaptation.

Originality/value

Purple Hiring is a new paradigm for workplace inclusivity that has the potential to transform the way the people work and live. By embracing the unique talents and capabilities of PWD, organizations can create a more diverse, equitable and productive workplace.
Emotions careers: The interplay between careers and emotions in professional organisations
Authors: Gustafsson Stefanie , Kärreman Dan
Published: November 2023

Despite recognising the importance of emotions for careers, researchers rarely explore how career‐related practices invoke emotions and the implications for professionals’ career aspirations and behaviours. Drawing on 50 interviews with lawyers on the partner track and human resource (HR) professionals, we develop the concept of an emotions career. The emotions career consists of four stages, each characterised by different primary emotions and socio‐emotional dynamics. We find that career practices and social interactions elicit emotions that regulate professionals’ career aspirations and trajectories. Thus, professionals become emotionally invested in their careers, which in turn contributes to the maintenance of existing career systems. To better support professionals, we suggest that HR practitioners develop greater awareness of the emotional dynamics associated with careers and engage in career conversations, while organisational leaders should, collectively, consider ways to challenge negative perceptions of alternative career paths, generating more diverse thinking about careers.
Trajectories and risk factors of persistent cough after pulmonary resection: A prospective two‐center study
Authors: Sun Xuefeng , Lan Zihua , Li Shaopeng , Huang Shujie , Zeng Cheng , Wu Junhan , Chen Qibin , Chen Yizhang , Chen Ziguo , Tang Yong , Qiao Guibin
Published: November 2023

Background

Persistent cough is one of the most frequent complications following lung cancer surgery. To promote optimal recovery, we conducted a study to investigate the trajectories of coughing symptoms and their impact on quality of life (QOL), as well as to identify potential risk factors of persistent cough after pulmonary resection (CAP).

Methods

This prospective observational study assessed patients who underwent pulmonary resection for lung tumor at two medical centers in China. Persistent CAP was evaluated before surgery, at discharge, and 1, 3, and 6 months following surgery using visual analog scale (VAS), cough symptom score (CSS), and Leicester Cough Questionnaire in Mandarin Chinese (LCQ‐MC). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore independent risk factors for persistent CAP.

Results

Of the 506 enrolled patients, 130 patients were diagnosed with persistent CAP with an incidence of 25.69%. Compared to the noncough group, patients with persistent CAP reported significantly higher VAS (p < 0.001) and CSS scores (p < 0.001) and experienced worse QOL (p < 0.001) for up to 6 months, particularly at 1 month following surgery. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that a duration of anesthesia exceeding 156 min (odds ratio [OR]: 1.847, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.156–2.951, p = 0.010) and gastroesophageal acid reflux (GER) (OR: 3.870, 95% CI: 2.376–6.304, p < 0.001) were independent risk factors of persistent CAP.

Conclusion

Patients who suffer from persistent CAP face a substantial burden and diminished QOL for an extended period compared to noncough patients. Moreover, prolonged duration of anesthesia and postoperative GER are potential risk factors of persistent CAP.
Impact of non‐driver gene mutations on thrombo‐haemorrhagic events in ET patients
Authors: Furuya Chiho , Morishita Soji , Hashimoto Yoshinori , Inano Tadaaki , Ochiai Tomonori , Shirane Shuichi , Edahiro Yoko , Araki Marito , Ando Miki , Komatsu Norio
Published: November 2023

Risk‐adapted therapy is recommended to prevent major clinical complications, such as thrombo‐haemorrhagic events, in patients with essential thrombocythaemia (ET). In this study, we analysed the association between non‐driver gene mutations and thrombo‐haemorrhagic events in 579 patients with ET. ASXL1 and TP53 mutations were frequently identified in patients with ET complicated by thrombosis (22.7% and 23.1%, respectively), and the DNMT3A mutation was frequently identified in patients who experienced haemorrhage (15.2%). Multivariate analyses of thrombosis‐free survival (TFS) revealed that ASXL1 and TP53 mutations are associated with thrombosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.140 and 3.752 respectively). Patients harbouring the ASXL1 or TP53 mutation had significantly worse TFS rates than those without mutation (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001 respectively). Furthermore, JAK2V617F‐mutated patients with accompanying ASXL1 mutations showed significantly shorter TFS compared with those without ASXL1 mutations (p = 0.003). Multivariate analyses of haemorrhage‐free survival (HFS) revealed that the DNMT3A mutation (HR = 2.784) is associated with haemorrhage. DNMT3A‐mutated patients showed significantly shorter HFS than those without the mutation (p = 0.026). Non‐driver gene mutations should be considered in treatment strategies and may provide important information for personalised treatment approaches.