bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kemampuan kognitif dan literasi sains: sebuah model pembelajaran argument-driven inquiry pada materi jaringan tumbuhan
Authors: Fatah Hamzah Abdul , Suprapto Purwati Kuswarini , Meylani Vita
Published: June 2020

Proses pembelajaran seharusnya memberikan sebuah pengalaman untuk mendukung proses pengetahuan dalam mencerna pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan pengaruh model pembelajaran argument-driven inquiry terhadap kemampuan kognitif dan literasi sains siswa pada materi jaringan tumbuhan di kelas XI SMA Bekasi tahun pelajaran 2019/2020. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus-September 2019 dengan metode penelitian quasi experimental. Desain penelitian berupa pretest-posttest control group. Sampel penelitian sebanyak sebanyak 62 diambil menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data berbentuk pilihan ganda sebanyak 30 butir soal untuk tes kemampuan kognitif dan tes literasi sains berbentuk pilihan ganda sebanyak 18 butir soal. Analisis data menggunakan uji ANCOVA dengan probabilitas atau taraf signifikan sebesar 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa model pembelajaran argument-driven inquiry berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kemampuan kognitif dan literasi sains pada konsep jaringan tumbuhan di kelas eksperimen.Kata kunci: kemampuan kognitif, literasi sains,argument-driven inquiry Cognitive ability and literacy science: a learning model argument-driven inquiry in plant tissue concept. The learning process should provide an experience to support the knowledge process in digesting learning. This research aims to explain the influence of the model learning argument-driven inquiry on the cognitive ability and science literacy of students in plant tissue concept in class XI senior high school Bekasi year 2019/2020. Research was conducted in August-September 2019. This research uses true experimental methods with pretest-posttest control group research design. Research samples of 62 students were taken using the technique of random sampling cluster. The data collection techniques in the form of a 30-grain choice for the cognitive skills test and the science literacy test in the form of a compound of 18 items. Data analysis uses ANCOVA test with a significant probability or level of (α) = 5%. The results showed that there were the learning model argument-driven inquiry influences on the cognitive ability and science literacy of the plant tissue concept in the experimental class.Keywords: Cognitive abilities, scientific literacy skill, argument-driven inquiry
Model pembelajaran kreatif treffinger terhadap kemampuan memecahkan masalah pada materi ekosistem dan perubahan lingkungan
Authors: Anugrah Devi , Murwitaningsih Susanti , Sofyan Desya Aryani , Susilo Susilo
Published: June 2020

Berkembangnya kemampuan berpikir siswa dapat mempengaruhi kemampuan siswa dalam memecahkan masalah. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki tentang pengaruh model treffinger terhadap kemampuan memecahkan masalah pada siswa. Design quasi experimental diterapkan dengan menggunakan post-test only control group design. Studi ini melibatkan 62 siswa dari total 144 siswa. Instrument berupa soal tes sebanyak 35 soal pilihan ganda. Uji parametrik dengan uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan uji t digunakan untuk menganalisis data hasil nilai post-test. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa kelas eksperimen memiliki nilai yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelas kontrol (63,41>54,27). Perhitungan dari uji t menunjukkan bahwa model treffinger berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan memecahkan masalah siswa. Sintak pada model treffinger berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan memecahkan masalah siswa pada materi ekosistem dan perubahan lingkungan. Tahap I (Basic Tools) dapat meningkatkan dua indikator kemampuan memecahkan masalah yaitu merumuskan masalah dan hipotesis.Kata kunci: Kemampuan merumuskan masalah, kemampuan berhipotesis, perubahan lingkungan, ekosistem Treffinger creative learning model towards problem-solving ability in environmental and ecosystem change material. The growing ability of student thinking can affect students ' ability to solve problems. The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of treffinger's learning models towards the ability to solve problems in students. The quasi-experimental design is applied using the post-test only control group design. The study involved 62 students from a total of 144 students. The Instrument uses 35 questions of multiple-choice. The post-test value Data is analyzed using the normality test, homogeneity test, and T-test. The results of this study indicate that the experiment class has a higher value compared to the control class (63.41 > 54.27). Calculations from the T-test show that treffinger's model affects the ability to solve students' problems. The syntax of treffinger's models was able to improve the ability to answer students' issues in environmental and ecosystem change materials. Stage I (Basic Tools) can increase two indicators of problem-solving capability that is formulating issues and hypotheses.Keywords: Ability to formulate problems, ability to hypothesize, environmental changes, ecosystem
INTEGRASI KETERAMPILAN SOSIAL DAN KETERAMPILAN EKOLOGIS MAHASISWA PADA MATA KULIAH KONSEP DASAR IPS SD
Authors: Seran Eliana Yunitha
Published: June 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah “untuk mengetahui integrasi keterampilan sosial dan keterampilan ekologis mahasiswa pada mata kuliah konsep dasar IPS SD STKIP Persada Khatulistiwa Sintang. Metode yang digunakan  dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan bentuk penelitian survei.Sampel penelitaian adalah pada mata kuliah konsep dasar IPS SD yang berjumlah 108 mahasiswa. Alat pengumpul data yang digunakan adalah angket dan observasi.  Berdasarkan data hasil dari jawaban angket siswa mencapai skor total 9339 dengan rata-rata 86,47. Dari perhitungan uji hipotesis ditemukan  harga t hitung adalah -68,68. Harga tersebut selanjutnya dibandingkan dengan harga t tabel dengan dk= n – 1 = 108 – 1 = 107 dan taraf kesalahan (α) = 5% untuk uji satu pihak (one tail test) t tabelnya adalah 1,980, maka t tabel = 1,980 . Berdasarkan perhitungan uji hipotesis tersebut diperoleh harga t hitung lebih besar dari harga t tabel yaitu -68,58<1,980, maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima yang artinya integrasi keterampilan sosial dan keterampilan ekologis mahasiswa prodi PGSD STKIP Persada Khatulistiwa Sintang kurang dari sama dengan 75% dari yang diharapkan. Kata Kunci : Keterampilan Sosial, Keterampilan Ekologis, Konsep Dasar IPS SD
STRATEGI GURU KELAS DALAM MENUMBUHKAN NILAI KARAKTER PESERTA DIDIK DI MI MADANI ALAUDDIN PAO-PAO KAB GOWA
Authors: Junaedi Junaedi , Muslimin Abd. Azis , B Rosleny
Published: June 2020

Abstrak: Guru mempunyai kedudukan khusus dalam langkah penananaman nilai-nlai untuk meciptakan generasi penerus yang berakhlak mulia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kulitatif dengan teknik pemaparan informan temuan secara deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi partisipan, wawancara mendalam, serta analisis dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa dalam menumbuhkan  nilai karakter peserta didik, Kepala Madrasah dan stack Holder merumuskan dan merencanakan program-program pembiasaan di sekolah baik di dalam maupun di luar kelas. Perencanaan tersebut kemudian direalisasikan setiap hari seperti menjemput kedatangan peserta didik, Murojaah Hafalan surah-surah, Mengaji, Shalat duha dan shalat duhur secara berjamaah.  Selain program unggulan yang diterapkan di Madrasah, Guru kelas memiliki strategi tertentu dalam menumbuhkan  nilai karakter peserta didik seperti Kultum setalah shalat Duha, Membaca Ayat Kursi, Budaya Literasi, Ice Breaking disela-sela pembelajaran, Sabtu sehat dan gizi juga penumbuhan karakter lainnya. Tidak hanya sekedar strategi yang diterapkan, melainkan guru kelas melakukan evaluasi kegiatan baik lisan maupun tulisan, juga dilakukan evaluasi melalui komunikasi oleh orangtua peserta didik.Kata Kunci : Strategi Guru, Nilai, Pendidikan Karakter, Peserta Didik.
PENGUATAN WAWASAN KEBANGSAAN DAN MODERASI ISLAM UNTUK GENERASI MILLENIAL
Authors: Faizah Rohmatul
Published: June 2020

Abstrak

The spirit of globalisation had cut out the big world to the narrow world and its today’s impact could reduce the nationalism for most of people, especially for college students. This study was qualitative study which was strengthened by the field study. The data collection technique was documentation, observation, and interview. The followings were four results from the analysed data: The nationalism knowledge programs and Islamic moderation were implemented in some subjects. They were, nationalism, widya mwat yasa, civic education, Pancasila, Islamic religion, and sports. The implementation of the nationalism knowledge and Islamic moderation reflected to some things. They were the students who were tolerant (tasamuh), moderate (tawasuth), balance (tawazun), amar ma’ruf nahi munkar.

Keywords: Nationality Insight; Islamic Moderation; UPNV Yogyakarta

Abstract

Semangat globalisasi telah memangkas bola dunia yang luas menjadi sempit dan pengaruh globalisasi di era sekarang juga dapat mengikis rasa cinta tanah air bagi sebagian besar individu, khususnya di kalangan mahasiswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang diperkuat dengan penelitian lapangan. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini adalah dokumentasi, observasi dan wawancara. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan terdapat empat temuan sebagai berikut: Program-program penguatan wawasan kebangsaan dan moderasi Islam ini diimplementasikan dalam beberapa mata kuliah, diantaranya, bela negara dan widya mwat yasa, kewarganegaraan, pancasila, agama Islam, dan olah raga. Penerapan wawasan kebangsaan dan moderasi Islam ini tercermin dalam beberapa hal, diantaranya mahasiswa memiliki rasa tasamuh (toleran), tawasuth (moderat), tawazun (seimbang), amar ma’ruf nahi munkar.

Kata Kunci: Wawasan Kebangsaan; Moderasi Islam; UPNV Yogyakarta
The impact of subordinate ingratiation on supervisor punishment omission: A social judgment theory perspective
Authors: Zhang Hao , Ding Mingzhi , Sun Xiuli
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND: Upward ingratiation is a universal workplace phenomenon because leaders have more power and resources, which are closely related to the interests of subordinates. This phenomenon is especially common in Chinese culture due to the large power distance between superior and subordinate. Subordinate ingratiation appears to influence supervisors’ affective responses and punishment decisions. OBJECTIVE: The study’s purpose was to analyze the relationship between subordinate ingratiation and supervisor punishment omission in China, as well as the mediating role of interpersonal affect and the moderating role of authentic leadership. METHODS: Data were collected from 389 supervisor-subordinate dyads in China. The reliability and validity of measurement scales were demonstrated. Multiple regression analyses and bootstrapping tests were used to examine the research model. RESULTS: Subordinate ingratiation is positively related to supervisor punishment omission. Interpersonal affect fully mediates the relationship between subordinate ingratiation and supervisor punishment omission. Authentic leadership negatively moderates the relationships between both subordinate ingratiation and interpersonal affect and subordinate ingratiation and supervisor punishment omission. The moderating effect of authentic leadership between subordinate ingratiation and supervisor punishment omission is partially mediated by interpersonal affect. CONCLUSIONS: The findings contribute to the theory about the effect of ingratiation, with implications for practice and future research.
Parkinson Disease Associated Differences in Elective Orthopedic Surgery Outcomes: A National Readmissions Database Analysis
Authors: Fullard Michelle , Thibault Dylan , Zisling Hanan , Crispo James A. , Willis Allison
Published: June 2020

Background: Advances in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) have allowed for improvements in mortality and quality survival, making the management of comorbid conditions of aging, such as osteoarthritis, crucial. Objective: To determine the extent to which PD impacts hospitalization outcomes after an elective orthopedic procedure. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data from the National Readmissions Database and included adults ages 40 and above with and without PD. Primary outcomes included length of stay of the index admission, discharge disposition and 30-day readmission. Logistic regression was used to compare the odds of readmission for PD patients compared to non-PD. Clinical conditions associated with readmission were compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 4,781 subjects with PD and 947,475 subjects without PD met inclusion criteria. Length of stay (LOS) during the index admission was longer for PD patients. PD patients were much more likely to be discharged to inpatient post-acute care (49.3% vs 26.2%) while non-PD subjects were more likely to be discharged home with (31.9% [PD] vs 44.8% [non-PD]) or without home health (18.7% [PD] vs 28.9% [non-PD]). A total of 271 PD patients (5.66%) and 28,079 non-PD patients (2.96%) were readmitted within 30 days following surgery. After adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, expected payer, comorbidities, index admission LOS, year and discharge disposition, PD subjects were 31% more likely to be readmitted than non-PD subjects (AOR 1.31, 1.07–1.62). Conclusions: Parkinson’s disease patients were readmitted more often than non-PD patients, although the rate of readmission was still low.
La posición socialista sobre educación: 1976-1983
Authors: Zamarriego Tomás
Published: June 2020

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Aspectos monetarios y financieros de la crisis económica
Authors: Rodero Franganillo Adolfo
Published: June 2020

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El atropello de las huelgas sanitarias
Authors: Enfermos Minusválidos Fraternidad cristiana De
Published: June 2020

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Cambio Social y Cambio de Valores
Authors: Redacción Consejo de
Published: June 2020

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¿Hacia un nuevo sistema de valores?
Authors: Raes Jean
Published: June 2020

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稠油火驱动态调控研究与效果分析
Authors: 魏 友谊
Published: June 2020

杜66块杜家台油层规模实施火驱开发以来,围绕提高火驱开井率、强化不见效井治理、加大注采参数调控力度等三个方面,深入开展注采井网完善、加强火驱动态调控、加强火驱动态监测等工作。经过多年实践摸索,火驱开发取得了较好的阶段效果,总体实现了“三提一降”,有望成为杜66块有效的稳产接替技术,并为同类油藏开发后期转换开发方式提供了宝贵借鉴。
刍议遥感航测技术在地图测绘中的应用
Authors: 王 洁 , 候 燕杰
Published: June 2020

地图测绘是一项非常精确的任务。科学的地图测绘不仅要求地理位置信息的准确性,还要求测绘的高精度。 随着科学技术的飞速发展,传统的测绘技术已不能满足地图测绘的需要,迫切需要引入新的高科技测绘技术。科技的创新发展为各行各业带来了机遇。在地图测绘工作中,还引入了先进的遥感航测技术。有鉴于此,本文主要分析讨论了遥感航测技术在地图测绘中的应用情况。
3S技术精准化调查在第三次土地调查中的应用研究
Authors: 唐 颖 , 程 顺清
Published: June 2020

国土资源调查能够掌握当前的国土利用情况,对城市建设和土地资源开发具有重要的作用。而3S精准化调查是一种新型的调查技术,具有精确度高、应用范围大和共享性强等优势,因此本文对3S精准化调查在第三次土地调查中的应用进行了研究,制作了基本的调查框架和调查数据的获取方式。
浅谈工程测绘中无人机遥感测绘技术的应用研究
Authors: 韦 建锐
Published: June 2020

随着测绘工程的不断发展,使我国的无人机遥感技术逐步完善,并在测绘工程测量中得到了广泛的推广和应用,取得了一定的成绩。在测绘工程测量工作中使用无人机遥感技术,能高效的获取所需的地理信息的相关数据,还能获取更加精准形象的图文信息。因此,充分保障无人机遥感技术在测绘工程测量中的应用效果是相关部门需要重点关注和落实的问题。基于此,无人机遥感测绘技术对测绘工作有非常大的促进作用,给测绘工作带来了非常多的便利,值得测绘行业去进行推广使用。虽然我国在无人遥感测绘中取得了很多成就,但是还需要国家和企业在技术上投入更多的精力去进行研究开发,从而促进我国的相关科学技术进步,为我国无人机测绘工作提供更多的便利条件,促进测绘事业的发展,让我国在该技术领域进入世界前列。
大比例尺地形图常见错误与分析
Authors: 汪 升捷 , 杨 帆 , 吴 瑶瑶
Published: June 2020

通过近几年测绘工作及地形图检查,发现在大比例尺地形图图形表示有一些常见的错误,这些错误可能是一种通病。结合测绘前辈检查经验,对这些常见错误进行归类与分析。希望通过文章与大家相互学习交流,进一步提高大比例尺地形图的规范性。
第三次全国国土调查和第二次全国土地调查差异化分析
Authors: 陈 姝
Published: June 2020

第三次全国土地调查启动,各地采取措施展开调查工作,取得了一定的成果。这次调查与第二次全国土地调查相比较,存在明显的差异。本论文着重于研究第三次全国国土调查和第二次全国土地调查差异化。
基于车载激光雷达的道路病害检测技术研究
Authors: 鲍 彦奇 , 韩 尚兵 , 陈 凤琳
Published: June 2020

随着我国经济的飞速发展,公路道路建设也跟着快速发展,在这同时公路的保养维护工作变的越来越重要。但传统人工检测道路病害的方法效率低下,已完全不能满足公路养护的要求,因此迫切需要一种快速检测道路病害的技术。本文以车载激光雷达在道路病害检测中的应用为例,叙述不同种类道路病害的提取,为类似道路病害检测中车载激光雷达的应用提供了参考。
无人机摄影测量在水电站库区地质灾害监测中的应用研究
Authors: 钟 亩锋
Published: June 2020

本文对无人机摄影测量技术在水电站库区地质灾害监测中的应用方案及实施内容进行了分析阐述,并介绍了无人机摄影测量技术在水电站库区地质灾害监测中的具体应用,以期能够为业内人士提供理论参考。
地理信息在地矿全产业链中的深度应用探讨
Authors: 黎 文甫 , 杨 明 , 陈 蓉
Published: June 2020

现今地理信息相关技术发展速度越来越快,不断提升地矿相关工作使其更快的迈入信息化发展,实现地矿数据的有效利用,是当前地质行业首要的发展目标。若要以地理信息发展推进地矿全产业链整体发展,为新时期地质行业升级提供新动力,必须将地理信息云平台存储、大数据处理与智能化传输等技术紧密结合在一起,实际应用到相应地矿行业工程中,充分发挥其强大的数据支撑与辅助作用。
探析水利工程勘测中的GPS技术应用
Authors: 宋 玉祥 , 杨 泽润
Published: June 2020

近年来,随着中国经济社会的快速发展,水利工程建设迎来了新的发展高峰,水利水电工程具有施工周期长、专业性强等特点,加上受地质条件、施工环境等因素的影响,因此保证工程勘测设计工作的高质量开展显得十分必要。GPS技术在水利工程勘测中的应用,增强了勘测数据的可靠性、提高了勘测效率、降低了工作强度以及节约了勘测成本。为此,本文笔者就以GPS技术视角下探讨水利工程勘测设计和施工环节中的应用,希望有效推动GPS在水利工程领域中的运用。
采空区的物探勘查方法
Authors: 丁 晓明
Published: June 2020

采空区的出现会对群众生产生活造成不同程度的负面影响,所以当前采空区探测工作也成为了重点研究内容。本文主要对采空区地球物理特点展开研究,并对采空区探测进行多方面分类研究和介绍,希望对采空区工作的开展提供有效帮助。
基于轻便型无人机的快速测绘技术在地质灾害应急抢险中的应用研究——以中国重庆市巫山县白杨湾滑坡应急抢险监测为例
Authors: 余 庆元 , 靳 鹏 , 唐 博 , 李 志飞
Published: June 2020

在降雨、人类工程活动、地质构造运动等各种因素的作用下,诸如滑坡、泥石流、崩塌等多种地质灾害严重影响着人类的生命财产安全和正常生产生活活动,一旦地质灾害产生威胁,政府部门应急排危显得尤为紧迫,由于传统测绘监测工作面临生产效率低、作业不安全等突出的局限性,而专业航测级无人机又存在普及面窄,组织实施不方便的局限性。本文旨在以巫山县白杨湾滑坡的应急抢险监测项目为例,研究基于轻便型无人机的快速测绘技术在地质灾害应急工作中的运用。
三维GIS及其在智慧城市中的应用研究
Authors: 王 会萍
Published: June 2020

三维GIS技术打破了传统模式下二维平面地图的限制,在智慧城市建设过程中发挥着越来越重要的作用和价值。基于此,本文针对三维GIS技术和在智慧城市中的具体应用展开研究工作,首先介绍三维GIS技术的概念和内容,以及在建设智慧城市中主要的应用技术三维空间数据模型和三维可视化技术,之后提出三维GIS技术在智慧城市中的具体应用,结合实际案例分析,为行业提供丰富的理论借鉴,进而提高智慧城市的建设水平。
黑龙江省勃利县河口石墨矿床成因探讨
Authors: 刘 广雷
Published: June 2020

本文主要介绍了黑龙江省勃利县河口石墨矿的地质特征,并列举一套行之有效的找矿方法,经过分析研究确定了矿床的成因,该矿床具有明显的层控特征,其原始沉积物均不同程度的含有有机物炭质,为一种还原环境,后经区域变质-动力变质而形成。本区石墨矿床属沉积变质型。矿床工业类型为中-深变质岩系中的晶质(鳞片状)石墨矿床。
基于加权随机森林的机载LiDAR点云建筑物提取
Authors: 洪 绍轩 , 袁 枫 , 齐 吉婧
Published: June 2020

针对传统建筑物点云提取算法中先滤波后提取依赖滤波精度,离散点云组织方式与参数设置困难,泛化能力弱等问题,利用改进的加权随机森林模型对LiDAR点云建筑物进行提取。首先针对传统随机森林算法等权投票方式导致分类器整体性能下降的问题,对随机森林分类的投票预测模型进行改进,并实现基于改进的加权随机森林模型对LiDAR点云建筑物的粗提取,然后运用改进的迭代三角网方法对初始建筑物点云进行精确提取,最后利用栅格化连通性原则实现建筑物点云的单体分割。实验选取国际摄影测量与遥感协会提供的典型区域的LiDAR点云数据进行建筑物提取,并与传统随机森林算法进行建筑物提取进行比较,结果表明本文算法可以实现建筑物的高精度提取,验证了算法的可靠性与适用性。
Role of intranasal midazolam as a procedural sedative in children aged 6 months to 12 years: An open-label randomized controlled study
Authors: Subhash Swathy , Joji Prameela
Published: June 2020

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to evaluate the efficacy and the adverse effects of intranasal midazolam compared to intravenous (IV) midazolam for procedural sedation in children between 6 months and 12 years of age using the University of Michigan sedation scale. Design: Prospective open-label randomized controlled trial. Setting: Children requiring sedation for any invasive or non-invasive procedure in the Department of Paediatrics, between June 2012 and May 2014. Participants: A total of 246 children aged between 6 months and 12 years of age were enrolled and sequentially allocated into the study by computer-generated block randomization. Intervention: As per randomization, participants were administered intranasal or IV midazolam before the procedure. Procedure was done 5 min after IV and 15 min after intranasal administration. Main outcome measures: Sedation score was rated using the University of Michigan Sedation Score. The ease of performance, numbers of successfully completed procedures, and adverse effects were noted. Results: Intranasal midazolam provided better sedation scores (p<0.001) and ease of procedure scores (p=0.026) compared to IV, especially in the age group from 6 months to 6 years. Both groups gave comparable successful procedure completion rates. The most commonly encountered side effect with intranasal was nasal irritation (p<0.001). Conclusion: Intranasal midazolam provided significantly better sedation and ease of procedure scores when compared to IV, with fewer adverse effects. Hence, it can be put to use in resource-limited settings.
Hypoalbuminemia as a marker of adverse outcome in children admitted to pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Aroor Shrikiran , Kini Pushpa Gurudas , Mundkur Suneel , Moideen Adel
Published: June 2020

Background: Research on critically ill adult patients has shown the usefulness of albumin as a predictor of increased morbidity and mortality. There is a paucity of similar data in pediatric age group. Objective: The objective of the study was to know the incidence of hypoalbuminemia in children admitted to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and its correlation to disease severity and clinical outcome. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted at the PICU of a tertiary care hospital. Children of age group 1 month – 18 years admitted to the PICU were included in the study. Serum albumin levels were estimated at the time of admission to PICU. Pediatric index of mortality 2 (PIM2) scoring system was used to assess the severity of illness at admission and to calculate the predicted death rate (PDR). The independent sample t-test and Fisher’s exact test were used to compare the albumin levels with PDR and duration of hospital or PICU stay. Mortality risk was computed using Pearson’s Chi-square test. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to evaluate whether hypoalbuminemia is an independent predictor of mortality. Results: Mean serum albumin level in this study was 3.38±0.89 g/dL. The incidence of hypoalbuminemia was 44.1%. The PDR (calculated using PIM2 score) was increased in children with hypoalbuminemia compared with the normal albumin level group (p=0.004). As compared to children with normal albumin levels, children with hypoalbuminemia had longer duration of PICU stay (95% confidence interval (CI) for difference 0.86–3.03; p=0.05), higher need for ventilator support (odds ratio (OR) 4.2, p=0.003) and higher mortality (OR 0.16, p=0.002). The association of serum albumin levels with mortality remained significant even after adjusting for age and PDR by PIM2 score (OR=3.68; 95% CI, 1.76–7.74; p<0.001). Conclusion: Hypoalbuminemia is a significant predictor of mortality and morbidity in critically ill children.
Clinical profile and outcome of children admitted with dengue fever in a tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: Kumar B Vijaya , Simna L , Kalpana D , Kailas Lalitha
Published: June 2020

Objective: The objective is to study the clinical profile and outcome of patients admitted with dengue fever and to identify the risk factors for severe dengue (SD). Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study of children admitted with a diagnosis of dengue fever from January 2013 to June 2014 in a tertiary care Medical College Hospital in South India. Results: A total of 306 children were admitted with dengue fever during the study period with a mean age of 7.8±3.2 years and male:female ratio of 1.06:1. The most common symptoms apart from fever were vomiting (54.9%) and abdominal pain (36.3%). Tender hepatomegaly and narrow pulse pressure were the most common signs. 131 (42.8%) were classified as dengue fever without warning signs, 119 (38.8%) as dengue fever with warning signs (DWS), and 56 (18.4%) as severe dengue (SD) according to the WHO guidelines 2012. A significant difference in aspartate aminotransferase’ and alanine aminotransferase elevation was noted among dengue fever without warning signs, DWS, and SD. Hemoconcentration, thrombocytopenia, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, hepatic derangement, elevated urea, and creatinine were significantly associated with SD. The mean values of prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, and activated partial thromboplastin time in SD were 19±3.7 s, 1.5±0.3 s, and 46±7 s, respectively. The finding of thalamic hypodensity in one patient with dengue encephalopathy was only rarely described in literature. Conclusion: Bleeding manifestations altered coagulation profile as well as deranged liver functions can be used as predictors of severe dengue fever.
Predisposing factors and outcome of acute kidney injury in neonates
Authors: Ramesh S
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) influences the risk of mortality in sick neonates. Predicting AKI on the basis of risk factors may help in early intervention and improved outcome. Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the predisposing factors, clinical features, and outcome of AKI in neonates. Methodology: A retrospective study was carried out from September 2011 to August 2015. AKI was diagnosed if any one of the following is present: (1) Baby’s serum creatinine more than 1.5 mg/dl for at least 24–48 h with normal maternal renal function, (2) baby’s serum creatinine increases by more than 0.3 mg/dl over 48 h. All babies with AKI during the study were included in the study. Result: Twenty-five babies with AKI were studied. Male predominance was seen. Babies presented at a median age of 3 days interquartile range ([IQR] 2–5)with the median gestational age of 36 weeks (IQR 28–40) and median birth weight of 2490 g (IQR 1885–2875). Perinatal asphyxia (44%), blood culture positive sepsis (24%) and excess weight loss due to inadequate feeds (20%) were common causes for AKI. About half of the cases have received mechanical ventilation and/or inotropes. Nephrotoxic drug exposure was seen in 44% of cases. Only one-third of the babies had oliguria. Fluid boluses, diuretics, and sodium bicarbonate to correct acidosis were commonly used for medical management. Only 12% of cases required peritoneal dialysis. One baby expired. Conclusion: Perinatal asphyxia, sepsis, excess weight loss, and cardiopulmonary compromise predisposes to AKI in neonates. Many babies improve with medical management.
The effect of nutritional status on the response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children at regional antiretroviral therapy centre in Northern India
Authors: Aaradhana Singh , Ravi Sachan , Vishnu Mohan , Divya Jain , Kriti Mohan
Published: June 2020

Background: Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on growth in children is well established but influence of prior nutritional status on the response to HAART is not well known. Objective: To determine the influence of prior nutritional status on the response to HAART in terms of growth and CD4 counts. Methods: It was a retrospective record review based study conducted at a regional ART centre at a tertiary care, teaching hospital in Northern India. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive children who were naïve to antiretroviral therapy and were initiated on treatment from January 2006 to December 2007 were included in this study. Age, weight, height and CD4 cell counts were recorded at the initiation of HAART and after 24 months of therapy. Data was analyzed using paired t-tests within the groups, Chi-square tests, and one-way analysis of variance. Results: Seventy-nine HIV positive children were included in the study. At baseline, 29% of children were normal weight, 27% moderately underweight and 44% severely underweight with mean CD4 counts 243.30±178.50, 282.95±173.69 and 215.11±85.71 respectively. After 24 months of HAART, mean CD4 cell counts as well as weight for age z scores increased significantly in all 3 groups with mean CD4 counts being 913.61±401.46, 931.24±363.54 and 775.31±424.43 respectively in the groups. There were no significant differences in CD4 counts in the groups both pre and post ART. Conclusion: Underlying malnutrition does not adversely affect growth and immunologic response (increase in CD4 count) to HAART in HIV-infected children.
Comparing the effectiveness of intranasal Midazolam and intravenous Lorazepam for the treatment of acute seizures in children
Authors: Bhadran Kingini , Roy Dhanya , Mathai Isac
Published: June 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of intranasal midazolam with intravenous lorazepam in acute seizures in children. Methods: Children aged 6 months–12 years with active tonic/clonic/tonic-clonic seizures coming to the pediatric emergency department were enrolled in the study after getting informed consent. Groups were randomly distributed (Group 1: Intranasal midazolam; Group 2: IV lorazepam) and the sample size was 80 (40 in each group). Under clinical and pulse oximetry monitoring, aqueous midazolam 0.2 mg/kg was administered intranasally through automated aqueous intranasal spray(Midacip 0.5mg per puff) in lying down or in 45° propped up position to Group 1, while injectable lorazepam 0.1 mg/kg was administered intravenously slow (to a maximum of 4 mg) to Group 2. Results: Both the groups were found to be comparable in baseline characteristics. Mean time to administer the drug after arrival to the doctor in intranasal midazolam and IV lorazepam was 3.65 (standard deviation [SD] 1.167) min and 7.93 (SD 3.23) min, respectively (p=0.0001). Intranasal midazolam group had significant control of seizures in <5 min of arrival (p=0.0006). The control of seizures within 1 min after drug administration was also found to be more effective in midazolam group (p=0.004). No adverse effects or respiratory depression were found in any of the groups. Conclusion: The ease to administer, effectiveness, and rapid onset of action of intranasal midazolam without causing any respiratory depression enable it to be considered as a first-line drug for acute seizures in all settings including homes/day-care centers.
Evaluation of the vision screening programs in school-age children
Authors: Erdem Seyfettin
Published: June 2020

Background: Visual acuity (VA) screening programs, especially during early childhood, are important for the early detection of eye disorders. Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of eye surveys conducted by guide teachers in school-age children. Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Patients and Methods: Detailed eye examinations were conducted by an ophthalmologist in 462 children aged 5–15 years, who were believed to have impair vision according to the snellen eye chart by guide teachers working in various primary schools between September 2017 and December 2017. Then VA, Eye movements, cycloplegic refractions and detailed retinal examinations were also examined by this ophthalmologist. Results: Among 462 patients, 239 (51.7%) were male and 223 (48.3%) were female. Various refraction defects were detected in 350 patients (75.8%). We detected myopia in 138 (29.9%) patients, hypermetropia in 102 (22.1%) patients, and astigmatism in 110 (23.8%) patients. Amblyopia was noted in 61 patients (13.2%), and it was caused by anisometropia in 32 patients (6.92%), ametropia in 18 patients (3.89%), pseudophakia in 2 patients (0.43%), corneal opacity in 2 patients (0.43%), and nystagmus in 1 patient (0.22%). Conclusion: Visual impairment is commonly noted in school-age children referred to outpatient clinics by counselors. Thus, more screenings areneeded to provide early and effective diagnosis, treatment, and vision rehabilitation in school-age children.
Hydrocarbon poisoning in children: 1-year retrospective study
Authors: Hatti Sachin S , Uplaonkar Vinod , Honnalli Charanraj
Published: June 2020

Context: Accidental hydrocarbon poisoning continues to be a major problem in children in India. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the demographics, clinico-laboratory profile of hydrocarbon poisoning in children admitted to our hospital from April 2015 to March 2016. Secondary Objective: The secondary objective of the study was to determine corelation between vomiting and development of pneumonia after hydrocarbon consumption. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective descriptive study, all children with the history of hydrocarbon consumption and admitted to the hospital during the study period were included in the study. The medical records of these children were reviewed retrospectively, data were recorded in a standard pro forma and were analyzed. Chi-square test was used for comparing differences between categorical variables. For interpretation of results, significance was adopted at p<0.05 at 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 52 cases (thinner-15 and kerosene-37) were included in our study. Male: Female ratio was 1.4:1, with the mean age in years being 3.01±2. Most of them belonged to upper lower socioeconomic status (SES) and rural areas, 48 (92%) and 30 (57%), respectively. Most cases were seen in summer season 20 (38.3%). 14 children (23%) were asymptomatic, and 38 (77%) were symptomatic. Vomiting 35 (67.3%) was the most common symptom followed by cough 24 (46%) and fever 15 (28.8%). Four (7.9%) had altered sensorium and 2 (3.5%) had convulsions. Respiratory distress was seen in 30 (57.6%), tachycardia in 22 (42.3%), hypoxia in 21(40.3%), 4 (7.6%) had wheeze, and 18 (34.6%) had crackles. The mean duration of stay in hospital was ±40 h. The outcome was good, the improvement was seen with 48 (92.3%) and 4 left against advice. Conclusions: Most common age group was 1–3 years, with most of them, belonged to upper lower SES and rural background. Respiratory distress was the most common system involved followed by the central nervous system. Chemical pneumonitis was the only complication with the good outcome.
Role of perfusion index in pulse oximetry screening for critical congenital heart disease in neonates
Authors: Ramesh S , Kumutha J
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Screening for critical congenital heart diseases (CCHD) with oxygen saturation (SpO2) by pulse oximeter often misses left-sided obstructive heart diseases. Objective: The role of perfusion index (PI) along with SpO2 in CCHD screening was studied. Methodology: The Masimo, RADICAL-7 pulse oximeter was used to record the SpO2 and PI in the right hand and left foot of asymptomatic babies at 24–72 h of life. Babies with SpO2 <95% or PI <0.7 were rechecked at an hourly interval for three recordings. SpO2 90–94% or PI <0.7 in all three recordings or SpO2 <90% at any one recording were considered as screen positive. An echocardiogram was done for screen-positive cases. Screen negative cases were clinically followed for 6 weeks. Result: Of 1011 screened babies, four were screen positive. One baby had PI <0.7 and SpO2 <90%. This baby had single ventricle, transposed great vessels, and interrupted aortic arch. Other three cases had SpO2 between 90% and 94% in all three recordings. Echocardiogram showed severe right ventricle outflow obstruction in 2 cases and normal heart in one baby. At follow-up, no baby had CCHD. Conclusion: In this study with small sample size, only one baby had left-sided obstructive lesion but also had single ventricle physiology. Hence, there was no difference in the diagnostic accuracy between SpO2 alone and SpO2 with PI in screening for CCHD. Thus, combining PI with SpO2 may improve CCHD screening using pulse oximeter, but large-scale study is needed.
Phototherapy induced hypocalcemia in neonates: A case
Authors: Goyal Madhu , Sharma Rambabu , Dabi D R
Published: June 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the adverse effects of phototherapy both total and ionic calcium levels in neonates. Methods: A case–control prospective study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, over a period of 15 months. All neonates preterm or term with icterus in phototherapy range formed the study group(s). Serum calcium total and ionized were measured on a serial basis. Results: Neonates in the study group had significant fall in total serum calcium after phototherapy (0.94±0.49 mg/dl). Similarly, ionized serum calcium also decreased after phototherapy in study group (0.56±0.36 mg/dl), p<0.001 statistically significant. The overall incidence of hypocalcemia was 9.6%, higher in preterm (11.7%) than term (8.5%) neonates. Jitteriness and irritability both were seen in 25% of the neonates. None of the neonate had convulsion, but it may occur if the level falls further. Conclusions: While giving phototherapy to a premature baby or a sick baby we should monitor serum calcium levels. Prophylactically oral supplementation of calcium may be considered in newborns receiving phototherapy as it induces hypocalcemia.
Pseudomembranous colitis in a child
Authors: Sreenivasamurthy Rajani Hassan , Doddaiah Narayanappa Doddaiah , Nagaraj Rashmi
Published: June 2020

A 7-year-old male child with a history of fever of 1-month duration, treated with ceftriaxone for 10 days, developed foul-smelling bloody loose stools associated with severe abdominal cramps. Colonoscopy revealed yellowish-white pseudomembranes suggestive of pseudomembranous colitis which is uncommon in pediatric age group.
Breastfeeding promotion network of India and beyond: A commentary on the breastfeeding
Authors: Gengaimuthu Karthikeyan
Published: June 2020

Breast milk promotion network of India and the infant milk substitute Act (IMS Act) 1992 have prevented the slide down in the rates that existed at the time of their inception but there has only been a modest 5.8% increase in the exclusive breastfeeding rate at 6 months from 1992
Study of azithromycin sensitivity in enteric fever in pediatric population
Authors: M Archana , Shenoy Bhaskar , Adhikary Ranjeeta , Malavalli Bhavana V
Published: June 2020

Background: Enteric fever is a major human infectious disease in Southeast Asia. It is exacerbated by a high level of resistance some isolates display to the drugs routinely used in treatment. Azithromycin may be a treatment option for such isolates. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the azithromycin susceptibility in culture positive enteric fever and to evaluate the relationship between ciprofloxacin and azithromycin sensitivity and resistance patterns. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital, Bengaluru, India, between June 2012 and June 2016. Case records of 363 children in the age group of 0–18 years diagnosed with proven enteric fever were reviewed. Susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs was tested by the disc diffusion according to Kirby-Bauer method. They were interpreted based on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines 2016. Results: There were 280 Salmonella enterica serovar typhi (77.13%) and 83 serovar paratyphi A strains (22.86%) among the 363 enteric fever children. The susceptibility to azithromycin and third-generation cephalosporins has been 100% among these isolates. Azithromycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were 0.064–12 ?g/ml among the 363 isolates, and there is no increase in resistance in the past 4 years. Only 5 (18.5%) of the isolates which were resistant to ciprofloxacin had MIC >4 to azithromycin, but none were resistant to azithromycin. Conclusion: Salmonella typhi continues to remain susceptible to azithromycin and third-generation cephalosporins. There is no increasing trend in resistance to azithromycin over the years in the area of study. Azithromycin can be used in the isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin as there is no correlation between their resistances, thus making it a safe alternative for oral therapy of enteric fever in children.
Comparison of electrolyte and electrocardiographic changes in patients with protein
Authors: Gupta Vijay , Choubey Bharati P , Shingwekar Arvind G
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Protein
A prospective observational study of morbidity and mortality profile of neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit in a tribal area of central India
Authors: Juneja Manindersingh charansingh , Adikane Hemant , Lothe Ashish , Mohabey Ambrish
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Globally, 2.6 (2.5–2.8) million newborns died in 2016 or 7000 every day. High neonatal mortality rate reflects the presence of unfavorable social, economic, and environmental conditions. Objectives: To find morbidities and causes of poor outcome in a tertiary care neonatal unit of eastern part of Maharashtra. Materials and Methods: The present prospective observational study was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care center, Gondia, in Central India which is situated in remote, tribal place during. Data were collected by interview method using a predesigned, semi-structured questionnaire. Neonatal variables used were total number of admissions, gender, birth weight, and gestational age, diagnosis at admission, final outcome, and duration of stay. Results: There were a total of 2017 admissions during the study period and out of them, 62.96% were inborn neonates and 37.04% were outborn. Males (56.67%) had slightly higher admission rate than females (43.33%). Pre-term admissions were 40.06%. The majority of admissions were due to low birth weight (LBW) (60.19%). Preterm and related complications (49.43%) were ranked highest followed by jaundice (16.46%). Out of the total 2017 neonates, 218 died following admission. Prematurity (45.41%) followed by sepsis (22.48%) were reasons for mortality among neonates. Conclusion: We have tried to present neonatal morbidity pattern and outcome parameters from a tertiary care neonatal center in a developing country. Prematurity, sepsis, and birth asphyxia were accounting for morbidities and mortalities. The preterm and LBW babies had significantly higher mortality even with standard intensive care.
Breastfeeding-related problems in primigravida mothers at the time of hospital discharge from a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Rawat Saumya , Venkatnarayan (Col) Kannan , Ramamurthy (Lt Col) H Ravi , Kalra (Lt Col) Suprita
Published: June 2020

Background: Breastfeeding-related problems are common in primigravida mothers. There is a lacuna in the knowledge about these problems in Indian population. Objective: The present study is undertaken to study the prevalence of breastfeeding-related problems in the first-time mothers in a tertiary care hospital at the time of discharge. Methods: Consecutive primigravida mothers, who delivered term babies, were interviewed at the time of hospital discharge about breastfeeding-related problems based on a validated questionnaire. The pre-determined predictors were educational status of mother, mode of delivery, and prior knowledge about breastfeeding. Results: Between March 2015 and June 2015, 171 mothers were interviewed. The following were demographic profile of mothers: Average age: 24 years, education above matriculation: 55%, and vaginal delivery: 70%. The common problems were pain while feeding (n=50, 29%), improper latching (n=20, 12%), and feeling of inadequate milk (n=29, 17%). Cesarean section was associated with lower confidence levels for breastfeeding (odds ratio [OR] 2.68 [1.04-6.91], p=0.041), delayed onset of first breastfeed (OR 33.4 [12.67-88], p=0.0001), and feeling of inadequacy of breast milk quantity (OR 3.76 [1.64-8.58], p=0.001). Illiterate mothers were at higher risk of having these problems. Prior knowledge about breastfeeding was associated with fewerproblems. Conclusion: The study presents the existing problems related to breastfeeding at the time of discharge from a tertiary care hospital.
Magnitude and factors contributing school absenteeism among adolescents of Ujjain city
Authors: Eske Gunvant Singh , Singh Poonam , Nigam Kamna , Dhaneria Mamta
Published: June 2020

Background: School absenteeism is prevalent in Madhya Pradesh and other states of India. Various psychosocial, domestic, and health-related factors have been implicated for absenteeism. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the magnitude of school absenteeism and its contributing factors among adolescent students of Ujjain city. Methods: An observational study was conducted in government schools of Ujjain district. Students studying in 6th–8th standard between 11 and 14 years were interviewedusing a predesigned questionnaire. The factors reported for school absenteeism were recorded. Results: A total of 1250 students were studying in the 6th, 7th, and 8th standard. Of these, 434 (34.7%) students had significant absenteeism >2 days/month. Frequent absenteeism (Group A, absenteeism >4 days per month) occurred in 388 (89.4%) and rest were infrequent absentees (Group B, absenteeism ?4 days per month). Analysis of sociodemographic factors revealed significant influence of lower socioeconomic status (A=43.1% and B=28.2%; p=0.03), maternal illiteracy (A=19.3% and B=6.5%; p=0.004), paternal illiteracy (A=12.6% and B=0), rural background (A=23.2% and B=6.5%; p=0.031), and unskilled and semiskilled profession of the father (A=30.9% and B=8.6%; p=0.001) on frequent absenteeism. Helping the mother in the kitchen was the only social factor responsible for the significant absenteeism (A=44.0% and B=26.1%; p=0.02). Watching television (TV) was also reported as a cause of frequent absenteeism. Medical morbidities and school-related factors did not influence significant absenteeism. Conclusion: School absenteeism has a high prevalence in government schools of Ujjain district. Lower socioeconomic status, parental illiteracy, rural background, unskilled occupation, helping the mother in the kitchen, and watching TV resulted in frequent absenteeism.
Role of oral erythromycin for feed intolerance in neonates - A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shekharappa Chandrakala Bada , Bhat Swarnarekha , Chandrasekaran Ashok
Published: June 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the effect of high and low dose of erythromycin with placebo and to determine the efficacy and safety of oral erythromycin for feed intolerance in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Methodology: The study was a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial. Term and preterm babies having feed intolerance were included in the study, and babies with congenital malformations, necrotizing enterocolitis, and sepsis were excluded from the study. After parental consent, the subjects were randomized into Groups 1, 2, or 3 to receive low-dose (3 mg/kg/dose) or high-dose (10 mg/kg/dose) oral erythromycin estolate or the placebo (equal volume of 5% dextrose). Feeding of all the study neonates was managed as per the unit protocol and babies were monitored for the complications. The primary outcome was the time to reach full feeds of 150 ml/kg/day, without significant gastric residuals. Results: Of 58 eligible babies, 84.5% were preterm babies. The median time for reaching full feeds with placebo was 6 days with interquartile range 3
A study on neonatal hyperbilirubinemia due to ABO incompatibility in sick newborn care unit, Telangana
Authors: Gopu Snehalatha , Begum Ayesha
Published: June 2020

Background: Hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common clinical signs encountered in neonates which if untreated is potentially neurotoxic. The neonates at higher risk of jaundice should be identified at birth and kept under enhanced surveillance for occurrence and progression of jaundice and promptly intervened. Aim: This study aims to study and analyze the neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in the babies born to O positive mother. Subjects and Methods: A prospective observational cohort study of healthy term neonates born to O positive mothers with clinical jaundice was conducted in a sick newborn care unit (SNCU) attached to a tertiary level government maternity hospital. SPSS version 19 was used for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics such as mean, median, standard deviation, and Chi-square test were calculated. p<0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: A total of 100 babies, born to O positive mothers brought to SNCU with clinical jaundice of <120 h of age, were studied. 72 babies had ABO incompatibility, of which 52 (72%) babies required phototherapy and 1 (1.3%) required exchange transfusion. There was no significant difference in the severity and outcome in both O-A and O-B incompatibility, although O-B incompatibility was more (65%). Conclusion: Blood group of mother should always be noted and babies born to O positive mothers must be followed for early identification and prompt intervention.