bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The study of interaction parameters of the elastic brush screw working body fibers with the spherical surfaces of the grain material
Authors: Diachun Andrii , Hevko Ivan , Stanko Andrii , Korol Oleg , Derysh Oleg
Published: May 2023

The article presents the design of the elastic brush screw working body of the screw conveyor, which makes it possible to reduce mechanical damage to grain, reduce dangerous loads caused by forced rolling when grain material is chocked during transportation. The relationship between the design parameters of elastic brush screw working bodies fibers and force loads on grains with elements of spherical surfaces and the conditions of their chocking during transportation is established. The calculation scheme for determining the parameters of grain transportation by an elastic brush screw working body is presented. The equation for determination of the allowable external load on the grain in the perpendicular direction to the flights of the elastic brush screw working body during transportation in the conveyor is derived. The condition of grain chocking between the fibers and the inner surface of the screw conveyor housing is determined.
Investigation of the change in technological properties of refractory metals after diffusion saturation
Authors: Kovbashyn Vasiliy , Bochar Igor
Published: May 2023

The recommended ways of improving the technological and physico-mechanical properties of refractory metals (molybdenum and tungsten) after diffusion saturation with the elements of the same name are described. In order to increase significantly the performance characteristics and transition to stricter operating conditions for products made of refractory metals, it is necessary to improve the existing methods of processing metals and make significant changes in the development of new ones. Different directions of refractory metals processing, which involve diffusion saturation with elements of the same name, introduction of activating additives into the composition of the diffusion mixture, use of isothermal conditions during chemical-thermal treatment, and application of protective coating to improve technological and physical-mechanical properties, have been studied and analyzed. To evaluate changes in the mechanical properties of molybdenum and tungsten after diffusion saturation with the elements of the same name, appropriate tests were conducted. To study the changes in the technological and physical and mechanical properties of refractory metals after the process of diffusion saturation in active-aggressive environment, tests on static rupture and stretching, bending, impact bending and buckling were carried out. It has been established that it is possible to increase the technological characteristics and ensure the use of refractory metals in harsher operating conditions by introducing molybdenum and tungsten powders of the same name and activating additive (sodium fluoride) into the charge to obtain protective coating. Comparison of the magnitude of the temporary resistances values for of untreated samples breaks of refractory metals and samples that have undergone the appropriate heat treatment showed significant decrease in these indicators after diffusion saturation with the same elements (molybdenation and tungstenization). Based on the analysis of literature data and conducted research, a set of measures aimed at the improvement of technological and physico-mechanical properties of refractory metals (molybdenum and tungsten) after diffusion saturation with the same elements in powder medium is proposed.
Desarrollo de la motricidad fina con actividades lúdicas en educación inicial
Authors: López Ocaña Verónica Patricia , Pomboza Muyulema Sandra Paulina , Pomboza Muyulema Yolanda del Pilar , Pomboza Muyulema Elsa Verònica
Published: May 2023

Introducción: debido a la situación que se vivió por el COVID 19, y al hecho de que los estudiantes de educación inicial luchan con sus habilidades motoras finas, lo que también podría sugerir otros problemas con su coordinación visomotora, agarre de pinza digital, agilidad y precisión en sus movimientos; la importancia de esta investigación parte de que las habilidades motoras finas son un componente clave del desarrollo cognitivo general. Objetivo: determinar la importancia de las actividades lúdicas y el desarrollo de la motricidad fina en estudiantes de educación inicial de 4 años en la Unidad Educativa de Santa Rosa. Metodología: enfoque cuantitativo, cuasi-experimental y un diseño descriptivo, correlativo y con un tamaño muestral de 24 estudiantes en el grupo control y 25 estudiantes en el grupo experimental, para determinar si se realizan pruebas paramétricas o no, se aplicaron pruebas de normalidad.  Resultados: se realizó una prueba no paramétrica para verificar la hipótesis. Los hallazgos más llamativos que se destacaron en el estudio fueron los siguientes:  para el grupo experimental en el pretest, una media de 2.28 en una escala de 5 significó "iniciado", y para el grupo experimental   en el   post test, una media de   4,84   significaba "adquirido". Conclusión: la técnica utilizada durante la intervención de tres semanas produjo resultados positivos.
Antimicrobial Prescribing Practices at Dermatology Outpatient Departments in Tertiary Care Hospitals: A Multi-Centered, Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Sultana Nagina , Ferdoush Jannatul , Johora Fatema , Mohammad Sharif , Hossain Towfiq , Hossain Arifa , Aktar Mohsena
Published: May 2023

Background: An antimicrobial is an agent, that kills micro organisims or prevents their growth. The purpose of this study is to evaluate antimicrobial prescribing behaviors in the Dermatology Outpatient Department.
Materials and methods: This multi-centered, cross-sectional study was conducted at Dermatology Outpatient Department of three tertiary care hospitals in Chattogram division, Bangladesh during the period October, 2021 to April, 2022.
Results: During the study period, 463 prescriptions were obtained. Over half of the participants were female (57%) and between the ages of 21 to 40 years. The majority of patients were diagnosed with eczema (19%), acne (17%) and scabies (15%). Most commonly prescribed antimicrobials was Azithromycin (22%) followed by Permethrin (16%) and Erythromycin (7%). In most cases, antimicrobials were recommended for more than two weeks (60%). Nearly half of the antimicrobials (53 %) were recommended as combination of systemic and topical route.
Conclusion: Current study found that dermatologists frequently recommended broad-spectrum antimicrobials for extended periods of time, which may lead to antimicrobial resistance. There is a need for continuing medical education on the appropriate use of antimicrobials, which will result in the effective management of skin diseases.
IAHS Medical Journal Vol 5(1), June 2022; 16-21
Development of Electronic Worksheet Assisted by Augmented Reality to Improve Learning Outcomes and Interest in Learning Science
Authors: Yusro Andista Candra , Ramadhani Muhammad Zaki , Wayuni Nining Tin
Published: May 2023

This research aims to: 1) produce feasible and valid electronic worksheets assisted by augmented reality that can be used to improve learning outcomes and interest in learning science; and 2) know the effectiveness of electronic worksheets assisted by augmented reality to improve learning outcomes and interest in learning science. This study used 4D model R&D research. The research was conducted in SMP Madiun City with class VIII research subjects totaling 17 students. Data collection instruments include product validation and feasibility tests, pretest and posttest questions, and learning interest questionnaires. Data analysis techniques using paired T-tests. The results obtained from the material validation tests were 63 in the interval 72 ≤X ≥58.5 criteria with a very good category, while the results from the media validation tests were 65,25 in the interval 68 ≤X ≥55,25 criteria with a very good category. Based on the results of the student response questionnaire, a percentage of 68.35 in the interval 84≤X ≥68.25 criteria indicates a very good category and is suitable for use. The results of testing learning outcomes and interest in learning science with paired T-tests obtained results of 0.007 and 0.005, indicating that there were differences in learning outcomes and interest in learning science after using electronic worksheets assisted by augmented reality. Thus, it can be said that 1) electronic worksheets assisted by augmented reality have met the eligibility criteria with a very good category according to material experts and media experts, and 2) electronic worksheets assisted by augmented reality are effective in improving learning outcomes and interest in learning science.
Study of the Utilization of WRF Model Output Data to Produce Daily Flood Forecast Maps in the North Sumatra Region
Authors: Sirait Mega , Humaidi Syahrul , Sinambela Marzuki , Situmorang Marhaposan , Frida Erna
Published: May 2023

Flood is a natural disaster that often occurs in Indonesia. Currently, flood events are relatively difficult to predict because floods generally occur suddenly in uncertain periods. Extreme rainfall is a major factor for the occurrence of floods. Considering that floods can be caused by heavy rainfall events within a few hours, it is necessary to produce daily flood forecasts for flood disaster mitigation. This study aims to test the accuracy of utilizing rainfall forecast data from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to create daily flood forecast maps. The data used in this study include Global Forecast System (GFS) data, BMKG rainfall measurement data which spread across several points in North Sumatra Province, and flood incident reports from BNPB. Data processing is carried out by Geospatial Information System (GIS) using Quantum-GIS, which includes weighting and scoring the parameters of soil type, slope, land elevation, river density, and land cover to produce Flood Prone Maps, then integrated with rainfall data to produce Daily Flood Forecast Maps. The case studies of flood events in this study are August 28 and November 28, 2022. The results showed that the spatial forecast of flood potential (WRF) has a pattern in accordance with the flood event area. Therefore, the WRF model output rainfall prediction data can be used to create a daily flood forecast map in the North Sumatra region.
Ensino de Ciências na Educação Básica com a utilização de Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação – percepção de professores em Manaus
Authors: Mendes Jeanne Alves , Lopes Paulo Tadeu Campos
Published: May 2023

Na contemporaneidade observa-se a presença das tecnologias digitais em praticamente todos os setores da sociedade, e essas tecnologias tornaram-se parte da educação diária, uma necessidade nas relações humanas e no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a percepção dos professores do Colégio Militar da Polícia Militar II em Manaus acerca da utilização das Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação (TDIC), como uma possibilidade de inserção, no processo de ensino e aprendizagem em Ciências. Estudo misto de caráter descritivo-exploratório e corte transversal. A população foi constituída por seis professores de Ciências, do ensino fundamental II da referida instituição. Foram aplicados questionários para levantar o perfil sociodemográfico dos participantes e para diagnosticar o uso das TDIC na prática pedagógica. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por estatística descritiva e por análise de conteúdo, com base em Bardin. As percepções dos professores foram que as TDIC mais utilizadas são data show, computador e caixa de som; apesar de alguns avaliarem a utilização das TDIC como razoável, a maioria não percebe isso, relatando, entre outros, falta de estrutura e de incentivo; passar imagens e vídeos é o que mais contribui na prática de ensino, melhorando o aprendizado visual; com a utilização das TDIC, os alunos mostram mais interesse e entendem melhor o conteúdo, melhorando sua assimilação; entre os desafios apresentados para a implementação das tecnologias em sala de aula, os mais significativos foram problemas estruturais, falta de suporte técnico e equipamentos que não funcionam, caracterizando falta de estrutura, falta de internet e não disponibilização de recursos; os docentes têm vontade de aprender diferentes tecnologias digitais, para facilitar o conteúdo, melhorar o processo de ensino e aprendizagem e pela praticidade, salientando a programação; nem todos utilizam as TDIC, ou utilizam de maneira esporádica ou insuficiente. Conclui-se que os professores consideram importante a inserção das TDIC mas existem obstáculos que precisam ser superados.
A institucionalização da assistência farmacêutica nos municípios da região de saúde do Xingu, Pará
Authors: Silva Kleber Farias da , Soler Orenzio
Published: May 2023

Introdução: A institucionalização da Assistência Farmacêutica é um processo social e político-administrativo, que se expressa na implantação e implementação de estruturas formais no sistema de saúde, na organização de serviços, em estrutura e mecanismos de financiamento, ferramentas de gestão, envolvimento na participação e controle social. Objetivo: Investigar como a Assistência Farmacêutica está institucionalizada na Região de Saúde do Xingu do estado do Pará. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, retrospectiva e descritiva. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da aplicação de formulário estruturado, visando conhecer e disponibilizar de forma executiva e gerencial, informações relacionadas à Assistência Farmacêutica. Resultados: Há evidências de que os municípios ainda não cumprem integralmente os marcos regulatórios e as diretrizes que regulamentam a institucionalização da Assistência Farmacêutica, a exemplo de práticas de governança, gestão, planejamento, monitoramento e avaliação. Conclusão: Propõe-se a estruturação de uma Comissão de Farmácia e Terapêutica no contexto da Comissão Intergestores Regional (CIR), visando uma Coordenação Técnica de Assistência Farmacêutica mais efetiva e eficiente na Região de Saúde do Xingu.
Análise da estrutura fundiária na bacia hidrográfica do rio Uruçuí-Preto, Piauí
Authors: Figueredo Elayne da Silva , Silva Antônio Joaquim da , Moura Joana Tereza Vaz de
Published: May 2023

O processo de expansão da fronteira agrícola nos cerrados brasileiros tem sido potencializado pelo atrativo preço das terras, por infraestruturas e por incentivos estatais criados para difusão dos negócios agropecuários, além das condições naturais favoráveis. Nesse sentido, a recente dinâmica produtiva e extrativista do solo e dos recursos naturais coloca em risco a água, um elemento fundamental para a vida humana.  Nesse trabalho, foi analisado a infraestrutura fundiária dos municípios que compreende a Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Uruçuí-Preto, utilizando as bases cadastrais públicas do Sistema de Gestão Fundiária (SIGEF) e do Sistema Nacional de Certificação de Imóveis Rurais (SNCI). Estes municípios possuem elevada produção de commodities agrícolas visando a exportação, sobretudo soja. Como resultados, destaca-se que o município de Uruçuí, reconhecido na literatura como pioneiro em atrair empresas de agronegócios, possui 30,79% do total da quantidade de imóveis definidos como pequena e medias propriedades, enquanto municípios como Santa Filomena e Baixa Grande do Ribeiro apresentam 85,47% e 82,92%, respectivamente. Os resultados ressaltam, ainda, o potencial agrícola produtivo desses municípios, ao tempo que evidencia a concentração fundiária de terras nessa região.
Prevenção e controle de infecção hospitalar
Authors: Silva Tamires Carolina , Rodrigues Ana Paula
Published: May 2023

Este estudo teve como objetivo revisar na literatura a descrição da prevenção e do controle de infecção hospitalar. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão bibliográfica, narrativa, exploratória e descritiva. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e Web of Science, publicados em português e/ou inglês, no período entre 2018 a 2022. A seleção dos estudos foi realizada por meio da leitura do título, resumo e texto completo. No total 19 artigos foram selecionados para a amostra final. As temáticas encontradas foram agrupadas em dois grandes eixos norteadores: a primeira categoria destaca a infecção no ambiente hospitalar. A segunda categoria apresenta as medidas de prevenção e controle de infecção no ambiente hospitalar. A infecção hospitalar corresponde a um grave problema de saúde pública. A sobrecarga de trabalho, a baixa adesão a prática de desinfecção e reutilização inadequada de equipamento de proteção individual são fatores que facilitam a ocorrência de infecção hospitalar. Contudo, existem estratégias de prevenção e controle de infecção no ambiente hospitalar capaz de minimizar o problema, como a higienização das mãos, a desinfecção de matérias e equipamentos, o uso adequado de equipamento de proteção individual e a notificação de casos de infecção ao serviço de vigilância.
Alphaherpesvirus infection in a free-ranging narwhal Monodon monoceros from Arctic Canada
Authors: Nielsen O , Rodrigues TCS , Marcoux M , Béland K , Subramaniam K , Lair S , Hussey NE , Waltzek TB
Published: May 2023

We report the detection of an alphaherpesvirus infecting an adult female narwhal Monodon monoceros captured live during a tagging project in Tremblay Sound, Nunavut, Canada, in August 2018. The individual had 2 open wounds on the dorsum but appeared in good overall health. A blowhole swab was collected, and subsequent virus isolation was performed using a beluga whale primary cell line. Non-syncytial cytopathic effects were seen, in contrast to syncytial cytopathic effects described for monodontid alphaherpesvirus 1 (MoAHV1) isolates previously recovered from beluga whales Delphinapterus leucas from Alaska, USA, and the Northwest Territories, Canada. Next-generation sequencing was performed on a sequencing library generated from the DNA of the viral isolate and the analysis of the assembled contigs permitted the recovery of 6 genes, conserved in all members of the family Orthoherpesviridae, for downstream genetic and phylogenetic analyses. BLASTN (basic local alignment search tool, searching nucleotide databases using a nucleotide query) analyses of the narwhal herpesvirus conserved genes showed the highest nucleotide identities to MoAHV1, ranging between 88.5 and 96.8%. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis based on concatenation of the 6 conserved herpesviruses amino acid alignments revealed the narwhal herpesvirus (NHV) to be the closest relative to MoAHV1, forming a clade within the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, genus Varicellovirus. NHV is the first alphaherpesvirus characterized from a narwhal and represents a new viral species, which we propose to be known as Varicellovirus monodontidalpha2. Further research is needed to determine the prevalence and potential clinical impacts of this alphaherpesvirus infection in narwhals.
Summer movements of marbled murrelets from Canada to Alaska
Authors: Bertram DF , MacDonald CA , O’Hara PD , Cragg JL , Corcoran R , Greene R , Vincent P , Woo KJ
Published: May 2023

Knowledge of seasonal marine bird migration patterns is required to inform marine bird conservation and management efforts. We deployed solar-powered satellite transmitters to track the movements of threatened marbled murrelet Brachyramphus marmoratus during the breeding and post breeding periods. We tagged birds (n = 27) in British Columbia (BC), Canada, over 3 years (2014-2016) from 3 different marbled murrelet conservation regions as defined by the species’ recovery strategy. Of 4 tagged birds which provided movement data for more than 57 d, 3 (1 in each year) revealed long-distance movements from BC to Alaska, USA, during breeding or post-breeding periods. The 3 birds which moved northward originated from the 3 different conservation regions. We found limited support for the concept that birds tracked cooler waters as they headed northward. One bird remained in unusually warm waters near the capture sight in Desolation Sound in 2016. Importantly, the arrival of BC birds in Alaska during summer could contribute to at-sea survey estimates of marbled murrelet abundance during the Alaska breeding season, and their occcurence in Alaska has implications for BC populations with respect to anthropogenic threats in the marine habitat, including the potential for incidental take in gillnet fisheries and risks from oiling. Our results demonstrate connectivity between BC and Alaska marbled murrelet populations. Overall, tracking duration was relatively short, and locations were confined to the deployment areas in BC. Our results indicate capture and tagging impacted study individuals and may have contributed to increased mortality. Our research, coupled with that of others, suggests that long-distance northerly migrations patterns may not be unusual in Brachyramphus murrelets.
Study of Malate-Aspartate Shuttle System Enzymes in Wheat Genotypes
Authors: Gurbanova U. , Mirzalieva M.
Published: May 2023

One of the important problems of agriculture is the decrease in the soft wheat varieties performance of grown in the territory of Azerbaijan, under water scarcity conditions caused by climate change. In this regard, drought, which is one of the abiotic stress factors that can directly or indirectly affect plant metabolism, remains an active discussion topic in research conducted in this area in recent decades. The enzyme activity of the malate-aspartate shuttle system was studied in wheat plants grown under conditions of water deficit. The activity of the enzyme’s aspartate aminotransferase and NAD-malate dehydrogenase was found to be higher in drought-tolerant genotypes.
Study of Reproductive Characteristics of Lianas Under Cultivation Conditions
Authors: Mekhraliev A. , Gasimzade T.
Published: May 2023

Results of research on the characteristics of flowering and fruiting of liana species introduced in the Absheron (Azerbaijan) have been shown in the paper. The age of the species entering the reproductive stage, the beginning and end of flowering, the duration of flowering, the onset of fruiting, the full ripening of fruits, the features of seed productivity, etc. were determined in the course of the research. All introduced lianas bloom profusely under the conditions of Absheron. The flowers of some of them, including Bougainvillea glabra Choisy, Campsis radicans (L.) Seem., Convolvulus tricolor L., Clematis vitalba L., Wisteria sinensis (Sims) Sweet and others, are quite decorative, and some, including species of the Araliaceae and Vitaceae families are plain. At the same time, it became known that although the species bloom profusely, some of them do not produce seeds in the conditions of Absheron, in particular Bougainvillea glabra Choisy, Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd., Hoya carnosa (L. fil.) R. Br., Jasminum officinale L. etc. species.
Cilioplankton Communities as an Indicator of the Pollution Degree in the Caspian Sea
Authors: Tahirova E.
Published: May 2023

During 2014-2021 years a study of the species diversity of planktonic ciliates of the Caspian coast of the Absheron Peninsula was conducted. As a result of research in planktonic communities of free-living ciliates, 62 species, belonging to 22 families were observed. Among the recorded families, Strombidiidae takes first place in terms of the number of species. The families Uronychiidae, Nassulidae, Epistylidae, and Zoothamniidae were represented by only one species. A correlation between similarity of the planktonic ciliates species diversity and the degree of organic pollution of coastal area marine water has been established. The results of the cluster analysis showed that the highest similarity of the species diversity (95.5%) was noted for two collection points on the northern coast of Absheron, near the settlements of Novkhani and Bilgah. This is due to the fact that the northern coast is less polluted by oil products and domestic sewage. Thus, according to the similarity of species diversity of planktonic communities of ciliates on the coast of the Absheron Peninsula, the two clusters are clearly distinguished. One unites the cleanest sites (Novkhani and Bilgah — 95.5%), and all the other 4 stationary points of the collection (Sumgait, Turkan, Shikh, Sangachal — more than 50%) are combined into the second cluster.
Influence of Extreme Factors of High Mountains on the Ultrastructure of Rat Blood Leukocytes
Authors: Bekturganova A. , Makhmudova Zh. , Askalieva N. , Niyazalieva D. , Taalaibekova M.
Published: May 2023

This paper presents the results of a study on the ultrastructure of white blood cells under the influence of high-altitude factors in combination with cold. Materials and methods: 70 outbred male laboratory rats weighing 200-300 g; method of electron microscopic examination, statistical methods. Research results. It has been established that in rats, during adaptation to high altitude conditions, in combination with exposure to cold, there are sharp changes in the ultrastructure of leukocytes. In experimental animals on the 3rd day of observation, the level of volumetric density of mitochondria increased almost 2 times in neutrophils, 1.5 times in eosinophils, and 1.4 times in monocytes and medium lymphocytes. With an increase in the length of stay in the highlands in combination with cold exposure, the volumetric density of mitochondria continued to increase in all types of white blood cells, and on the 30th day of adaptation it remained statistically significantly higher both in comparison with the control and in comparison, with the indices of the animal group on the 3rd and day of adaptation. The volumetric density of ribosomes also increased statistically significantly on the 3rd day of adaptation to high mountains in combination with cold in neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes, and continued to increase by the 30th day of observation. A trend towards an increase in bulk density was also noted in cell vacuoles: on the 3rd day of adaptation, an increase in the volumetric density of vacuoles was recorded compared to the control in neutrophils. By the 30th day of adaptation, the bulk density of vacuoles, compared with animals on the 3rd day of adaptation, statistically significantly decreased, although it did not reach the indicators of animals in the control group. The bulk density of specific granites on the 3rd day of stay in the mountains in neutrophils and eosinophils decreased by almost 100%.
Causes for Reducing Rivers Runoff in Azerbaijan
Authors: Hagverdiyeva J.
Published: May 2023

The results of research on four rivers flowing in the north-eastern and southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus are reflected in the article. It was determined that the average annual consumption of these rivers decreased by 1.05-1.60 times in the period from 2018 to 2021. Based on the analysis of climate factors, it was determined that the decrease in river flows, the decrease in atmospheric precipitation, the change in the nature of their fall, as well as the increase in the average multi-year air temperature and thus evaporation is related. Compared to the years 1961–1990, the average long-term air temperature in Azerbaijan increased by 0.7°C. As a result of the increase in temperature, the amount of evaporation on the water and soil surface in the country increased by an average of 31 mm per year, and the amount of water used for evaporation was 2.68 billion m3 per year. All these mentioned factors have led to water scarcity in the country.
Malus Pests and Diseases
Authors: Muminova R.
Published: May 2023

The Malus is a deciduous tree of the Rosaceae family, which is actively used in horticulture. In order to maintain healthy, productive trees and fruits, it is necessary to know what pests and control measures exist. The paper presents a review of modern literature on the means and methods of combating diseases and pests of the apple tree. In conclusion, practical conclusions are given about the most effective methods of struggle.
The Effect of Some Elements of Cultivation in Stubble on the Glycine max Performance
Authors: Tamrazov T. , Abdullaeva Z. , Mammadova P. , Mammadov A.
Published: May 2023

In the irrigation conditions of Azerbaijan, the cultivation of Glycine max in stubble fields after harvesting the barley crop along with spring sowing is also economically very important. Sowing in stubble fields makes it possible to obtain additional grain yield and fodder from a single area, and to use reclamation facilities efficiently. At this time, the soil is provided with organic matter for autumn planting, and at the same time salinization is prevented, soil erosion and weed control issues are fully resolved. Cultivation of stubble field crops in large farms increases the possibilities of more efficient use of labor force, irrigation networks, agricultural machinery and equipment. During the conducted research, different results were obtained regarding the effect of different irrigation regimes and fertilizer rates on soybean grain yield. The resulting productivity depended on the plant coverage factor, leaf surface area, changes in wet and dry biomass. The smallest indicator of the yield was 10.0 centners in the variant with soil moisture of 60% before irrigation, and the highest indicator was 25.8 cwt/ha in the variant of the fertilizer rate calculated when the soil moisture was 80%, which is the same as the yield obtained from the autumn sowing of barley of the previous year (39 cwt/ha) together, it is equal to the yield of 67.9 cwt/ha from 1 hectare of land in one year.
Cultivation Development in the Vladimir Region
Authors: Smirnov V.
Published: May 2023

The article presents an analysis of the state of crop production in the Vladimir region, which showed a slight increase. The maximum share in this sector of the economy is accounted for by the production of grain crops (grain and grain legumes). The leaders in production are the Yuryev-Polsky and Suzdal municipal districts.
Animal Husbandry Development in the Vladimir Region
Authors: Smirnov V.
Published: May 2023

The article presents an analysis of the livestock sector of the economy of the Vladimir region. The analysis showed an increase in the number of sheep and goats and a decrease in the number of birds. The leader of meat production in the region is Vladimir. The main suppliers of milk and eggs were enterprises of Yuryev-Polsky and Sоbinsky municipal districts.
Some Agrophysical and Physicochemical Properties of Irrigated Gray-Brown Soils of South Mugan
Authors: Mirzoeva S.
Published: May 2023

The article presents the results of research on the study of the current state of irrigated gray-brown soils of South Mugan. Morphogenetic diagnostics, physicochemical and agrophysical properties of irrigated gray-brown soils of South Mugan have been established. The classification is based on the international soil classification WRB.
Dissection of Brachiocephalic and Intracranial Arteries: Etiology, Clinic, Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Yarikov A. , Logutov A. , Muravina E. , Ponomareva A. , Khasyanov M. , Komkova E. , Teleshova T. , Ermakov S. , Sadkova N. , Torosyan A. , Naumova I. , Zhukova Yu. , Naumov A. , Tsybusov S. , Mukhin A.
Published: May 2023

Dissection of brachiocephalic and intracranial arteries is the leading cause of ischemic stroke at a young age. It is a rupture of the intima of the artery with the formation of an intrahepatic (intramural) hematoma, leading to stenosis and / or occlusion of its lumen with a high probability of acute ischemic stroke developing. The epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical picture of brachiocephalic and intracranial artery dissection are described in the scientific work. The article presents the modern principles of treatment of this pathology.
PENGARUH TERAPI BIRTH BALL TERHADAP TINGKAT KECEMASAN DAN PENURUNAN INTENSITAS NYERI PADA IBU BERSALIN PRIMIPARA KALA I FASE AKTIF
Authors: Sri Anggraeni Anggun , Yenny Aulya  , Retno Widowati
Published: May 2023

Pada ibu bersalin akan timbul kontraksi yang menyebabkan nyeri. Nyeri pada proses persalinan dapat membuat ibu menjadi cemas. Kecemasan dapat menyebabkan psikologi ibu terganggu. Nyeri dapat menyebabkan hormon steroid dan katekolamin dilepaskan, sehingga dapat menimbulkan ketegangan otot polos dan vasokonstriksi pembuluh darah. Proses tersebut menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan kontraksi, aliran oksigen dan darah ke uterus berkurang, serta adanya iskemia pada uterus. Hal ini menimbulkan bertambahnya jumlah impuls nyeri. Bebagai cara komplementer dilakukan untuk menurunkan rasa nyeri pada ibu bersalin. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi birth ball terhadap tingkat kecemasan dan penurunan intensitas nyeri pada ibu bersalin primipara kala I fase aktif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi eksperimen dengan rancangan one group pre test pos test design pada 20 ibu bersalin sebagai responden. Terapi birth ball dilakukan selama 20 menit. Analisis data menggunakan paired sample t-test dengan nilai alfa 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukan rata-rata skor kecemasan sebelum terapi birth ball adalah 80,95 dan setelah terapi birth ball adalah 55,40. Rata-rata skor  intensitas nyeri sebelum terapi birth ball adalah 7,45 dan setelah terapi birth ball adalah 3,80. Hasil paired sample t-test  menghasilkan nilai signifikansi (2-tailed) 0,000. Simpulan pada penelitian ini adalah terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan skor rata-rata tingkat kecemasan dan intensitas nyeri ibu sebelum dan setelah dilakukan terapi birth ball.

Kata kunci: birth ball, ibu bersalin, kecemasan, nyeri,.
A method for calculating the external costs of farm animal welfare based on the Welfare Quality® Protocol
Authors: Vissers Luuk S. M. , van Wagenberg Coen P. A. , Baltussen Willy H. M.
Published: May 2023

The production of food from animals poses societal concern about the welfare of these animals in Western countries and increasingly also in economically developing countries. Animals and people may experience disutility from animal suffering, which can be seen as an external cost that is not (fully) included in the cost of production. Thus, consumers will consume too much of the good from an aggregate utilitarian perspective. A potential way to solve this issue is by including these external costs in the production costs. The aim of this paper was to provide a method that can be used to estimate the external costs of animal welfare (AW) of animals kept at farm level. The external costs were calculated by means of a cost function. This cost function shows the relationship between the AW score and costs of AW measures at farm level. The AW scores were calculated from principle scores of the Welfare Quality® Protocol. The method was applied to three case studies, namely dairy cattle production in Germany, pig production in the Netherlands, and broiler production in the Netherlands. The results indicate that the external costs of AW of dairy cattle systems ranged from 0.02 to 0.10 euro/kg milk, those of pig production systems from 1.00 to 1.36 euro/kg live weight and those of broiler production systems from 3.67 to 4.52 euro/kg live weight. The empirical application showed that the method was effective in estimating external animal costs. The insights obtained from the application of our method can support decision making in the development and adoption of more AW friendly production systems.
Graphene-based cardiac sensors and actuators
Authors: Savchenko Alex , Kireev Dmitry , Yin Rose T. , Efimov Igor R. , Molokanova Elena
Published: May 2023

Graphene, a 2D carbon allotrope, is revolutionizing many biomedical applications due to its unique mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties. When bioengineers realized that these properties could dramatically enhance the performance of cardiac sensors and actuators and may offer fundamentally novel technological capabilities, the field exploded with numerous studies developing new graphene-based systems and testing their limits. Here we will review the link between specific properties of graphene and mechanisms of action of cardiac sensors and actuators, analyze the performance of these systems from inaugural studies to the present, and offer future perspectives.
Activation effects on the physical characteristics of T lymphocytes
Authors: Waugh Richard E. , Lomakina Elena , Amitrano Andrea , Kim Minsoo
Published: May 2023

The deformability of leukocytes is relevant to a wide array of physiological and pathophysiological behaviors. The goal of this study is to provide a detailed, quantitative characterization of the mechanical properties of T cells and how those properties change with activation. We tested T cells and CD8+ cells isolated from peripheral blood samples of healthy donors either immediately (naïve population) or after 7 days of activation in vitro. Single-cell micropipette aspiration was used to test the mechanical properties. T cells exhibit the general characteristics of a highly viscous liquid drop with a cortical “surface” tension, Tcort. The time course of each cell entry into the micropipette was measured at two different aspiration pressures to test for shear thinning behavior. The data were analyzed in the framework of an approximate mechanical model of the cell deformation to determine the cortical tension, the cell volume, the magnitude of the initial cell entry, the characteristic viscosity μo, and the shear thinning coefficient, b. Activation generally caused increases in cellular resistance to deformation and a broadening of the distribution of cell properties. The cell volume increased substantially upon cell activation from ∼200 μm3 to ∼650 μm3. Naive and activated T cells had similar mean cortical tension (∼150 pN/μm). However, compared to naïve CD8+ cells, the cortical tension of activated CD8+ cells increased significantly to ∼250 pN/μm. Dynamic resistance of naive CD8+ T cells, as reflected in their characteristic viscosity, was ∼870 Pa and significantly increased to 1,180 Pa after in vitro activation. The magnitude of the instantaneous projection length as the cell enters the pipette (Linit) was more than doubled for activated vs. naive cells. All cell types exhibited shear thinning behavior with coefficients b in the range 0.5–0.65. Increased cell size, cortical tension, and characteristic viscosity all point to increased resistance of activated T cells to passage through the microvasculature, likely contributing to cell trapping. The increased initial elastic response of cells after activation was unexpected and could point to instability in the cell that might contribute to spontaneous cell motility.
Recapitulating porcine cardiac development in vitro: from expanded potential stem cell to embryo culture models
Authors: Rawat Hilansi , Kornherr Jessica , Zawada Dorota , Bakhshiyeva Sara , Kupatt Christian , Laugwitz Karl-Ludwig , Bähr Andrea , Dorn Tatjana , Moretti Alessandra , Nowak-Imialek Monika
Published: May 2023

Domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) share many genetic, anatomical, and physiological traits with humans and therefore constitute an excellent preclinical animal model. Fundamental understanding of the cellular and molecular processes governing early porcine cardiogenesis is critical for developing advanced porcine models used for the study of heart diseases and new regenerative therapies. Here, we provide a detailed characterization of porcine cardiogenesis based on fetal porcine hearts at various developmental stages and cardiac cells derived from porcine expanded pluripotent stem cells (pEPSCs), i.e., stem cells having the potential to give rise to both embryonic and extraembryonic tissue. We notably demonstrate for the first time that pEPSCs can differentiate into cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPCs), functional cardiomyocytes (CMs), epicardial cells and epicardial-derived cells (EPDCs) in vitro. Furthermore, we present an enhanced system for whole-embryo culture which allows continuous ex utero development of porcine post-implantation embryos from the cardiac crescent stage (ED14) up to the cardiac looping (ED17) stage. These new techniques provide a versatile platform for studying porcine cardiac development and disease modeling.
Cadherins and catenins in cancer: connecting cancer pathways and tumor microenvironment
Authors: Lin Wan-Hsin , Cooper Lisa M. , Anastasiadis Panos Z.
Published: May 2023

Cadherin-catenin complexes are integral components of the adherens junctions crucial for cell-cell adhesion and tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of these complexes is linked to cancer development via alteration of cell-autonomous oncogenic signaling pathways and extrinsic tumor microenvironment. Advances in multiomics have uncovered key signaling events in multiple cancer types, creating a need for a better understanding of the crosstalk between cadherin-catenin complexes and oncogenic pathways. In this review, we focus on the biological functions of classical cadherins and associated catenins, describe how their dysregulation influences major cancer pathways, and discuss feedback regulation mechanisms between cadherin complexes and cellular signaling. We discuss evidence of cross regulation in the following contexts: Hippo-Yap/Taz and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, key pathways involved in cell proliferation and growth; Wnt, Notch, and hedgehog signaling, key developmental pathways involved in human cancer; as well as TGFβ and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition program, an important process for cancer cell plasticity. Moreover, we briefly explore the role of cadherins and catenins in mechanotransduction and the immune tumor microenvironment.
Chondrocyte-like cells in nucleus pulposus and articular chondrocytes have similar transcriptomic profiles and are paracrine-regulated by hedgehog from notochordal cells and subchondral bone
Authors: Hagizawa Hiroki , Koyamatsu Saeko , Okada Seiji , Kaito Takashi , Tsumaki Noriyuki
Published: May 2023

Objective: The nucleus pulposus (NP) comprises notochordal NP cells (NCs) and chondrocyte-like NP cells (CLCs). Although morphological similarities between CLCs and chondrocytes have been reported, interactions between CLCs and NCs remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to clarify regulatory mechanisms of cells in the NP and chondrocytes.

Design: We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of the articular cartilage (AC) and NP of three-year-old cynomolgus monkeys in which NCs were present. We then performed immunohistochemical analysis of NP and distal femur. We added sonic hedgehog (SHH) to primary chondrocyte culture.

Results: The scRNA-seq analysis revealed that CLCs and some articular chondrocytes had similar gene expression profiles, particularly related to GLI1, the nuclear mediator of the hedgehog pathway. In the NP, cell–cell interaction analysis revealed SHH expression in NCs, resulting in hedgehog signaling to CLCs. In contrast, no hedgehog ligands were expressed by chondrocytes in AC samples. Immunohistochemical analysis of the distal end of femur indicated that SHH and Indian hedgehog (IHH) were expressed around the subchondral bone that was excluded from our scRNA-seq sample. scRNA-seq data analysis and treatment of primary chondrocytes with SHH revealed that hedgehog proteins mediated an increase in hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) levels.

Conclusion: CLCs and some articular chondrocytes have similar transcriptional profiles, regulated by paracrine hedgehog proteins secreted from NCs in the NP and from the subchondral bone in the AC to promote the HIF-1α pathway.
Quantification of cell migration: metrics selection to model application
Authors: Hu Yang , Becker Matthew L. , Willits Rebecca Kuntz
Published: May 2023

Cell migration plays an essential role in physiological and pathological states, such as immune response, tissue generation and tumor development. This phenomenon can occur spontaneously or it can be triggered by an external stimuli, including biochemical, mechanical, or electrical cues that induce or direct cells to migrate. The migratory response to these cues is foundational to several fields including neuroscience, cancer and regenerative medicine. Various platforms are available to qualitatively and quantitatively measure cell migration, making the measurements of cell motility straight-forward. Migratory behavior must be analyzed by multiple metrics and then models to connect the measurements to physiological meaning. This review will focus on describing and quantifying cell movement for individual cell migration.
Chemical interactions in composites of gellan gum and bioactive glass: self-crosslinking and in vitro dissolution
Authors: Astanina A. , Koivisto J. T. , Hannula M. , Salminen T. , Kellomäki M. , Massera J.
Published: May 2023

Graphical Abstract

Schematic of the crosslinking process of gellan gum by Ca2+ and Mg2+ released from bioactive glass.
Fe3O4@iron-based metal–organic framework nanocomposite [Fe3O4@MOF (Fe) NC] as a recyclable magnetic nano-organocatalyst for the environment-friendly synthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives
Authors: Hootifard Ghader , Sheikhhosseini Enayatollah , Ahmadi Sayed Ali , Yahyazadehfar Mahdieh
Published: May 2023

Various pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines were synthesized by the multicomponent reaction of aldehydes, malononitrile, and acidic C–H compounds such as barbituric acid through the tandem Knoevenagel–Michael cyclocondensation pathway in an environmentally friendly reactive medium in the presence of a recoverable nanocomposite. This nanocomposite includes Fe3O4 nanoparticles placed on an organometallic framework. The synthesized Fe3O4@iron-based metal–organic framework nanocomposite was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, a vibrating sample magnetometer, and thermogravimetric analysis.
Interactions between vaginal local cytokine IL-2 and high-risk human papillomavirus infection with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in a Chinese population-based study
Authors: Zhu Ruoxi , Wang Wenhao , Yang Aiming , Zhao Weihong , Wang Wei , Wang Zhilian , Wang Jintao , Hou Yongli , Su Xiaoqiang , Zhang Lili , Feng Bo , Yang Jing , Wang Zhe , Niu Xiaofen , Lv Weiguo , Qu Zhican , Hao Min
Published: May 2023

Background

Although interleukin-2 (IL-2) has long been associated with cancer development, its roles in the development of cervical cancer remains unclear. Few studies examined the associations between IL-2 and high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) with risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).

Objective

We aimed to assess the association of IL-2 and high-risk HPV infection with risk of CIN as well as their interactions on the risk of CIN.

Design

We performed a cross-sectional analysis of screening data in 2285 women aged 19-65 years who participated in an ongoing community-based cohort of 40,000 women in Shanxi, China in 2014-2015. Both categorical and spline analyses were used to evaluation the association between IL-2 in the local vaginal fluids and prevalence of CIN. In addition, 1503 controls were followed up until January 31, 2019), the nested case-control study design was adopted to evaluate the association of vaginal lavage IL-2 levels and the risk of CIN progression.

Results

After adjusting for potential confounders, IL-2 levels were statistically inversely associated with prevalence of CIN (the 1st versus 4th quartile IL-2 levels: the respective odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence intervals [CI] was: = 1.75 [1.37, 2.23] for CIN, 1.32 [1.01, 1.73] for CIN I, and 3.53 [2.26, 5.52] for CIN II/III). Increased IL-2 levels were inversely associated with prevalence of CIN (P-overall<0.01, P-nonlinearity<0.01 for CIN; P-overall<0.01, P-nonlinearity = 0.01 for CIN I; P-overall <0.01, P-nonlinearity = 0.62 for CIN II/III). The highest prevalence of CIN was observed in women with high-risk HPV, who also had the lowest IL-2 levels (P-interaction < 0.01). Nested case-control study observed an inverse association between IL-2 levels and risk of CIN progression (OR=3.43, [1.17, 10.03]).

Conclusions

IL-2 levels in the local vaginal fluids were inversely associated with the risk of CIN in Chinese women either with or without high-risk HPV infection.