bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interstitial Pneumonia With Autoimmune Features: Value of Histopathology
Authors: Adegunsoye Ayodeji , Oldham Justin M. , Valenzi Eleanor , Lee Cathryn , Witt Leah J. , Chen Lena , Montner Steven , Chung Jonathan H. , Noth Imre , Vij Rekha , Strek Mary E. , Husain Aliya N.
Published: May 2017

Context.—

Patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia may display evidence of autoimmunity without meeting criteria for a defined connective tissue disease. A recent European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society statement proposed research criteria for interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF), which includes findings from the clinical, serologic, and morphologic domains.

Objectives.—

To investigate the importance of histopathologic criteria within the morphologic domain and to report our methodology for identifying these features.

Design.—

Patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia at the University of Chicago who underwent surgical lung biopsy or lung transplantation were assessed for IPAF histopathologic features, using the initial pathology interpretation in the electronic records. A focused rereview of available slides by a pulmonary pathologist was then performed for patients who failed to meet IPAF criteria on initial pathology assessment.

Results.—

Of 422 patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, 176 (41.7%) underwent surgical lung biopsy or lung transplant. Forty-six of those 176 patients (26.1%) met IPAF criteria by initial pathology interpretation and a positive clinical or serologic feature. Of the remaining 130 patients, 73 (56.2%) met either the clinical or serologic domains without meeting the morphologic domain, whereas 36 (27.7%) had slides available for pathology rereview. This rereview demonstrated nonspecific interstitial pneumonia in 8 of 36 patients (22.2%) and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates in 6 of 36 patients (16.7%), resulting in an additional 7 of 36 patients (19.4%) with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia that met the IPAF criteria. In IPAF, pulmonary vasculopathy was the most prevalent finding (45 of 84; 53.6%) and predicted increased mortality (hazard ratio, 2.5; P = .04).

Conclusions.—

Using a methodological approach to identifying IPAF pathology, we demonstrate a significant increase in the number of patients meeting IPAF criteria because of focused pathologic review and highlight the prognostic value of the IPAF pathologic findings.
Hippocampal Sclerosis in Older Patients: Practical Examples and Guidance With a Focus on Cerebral Age-Related TDP-43 With Sclerosis
Authors: Cykowski Matthew D. , Powell Suzanne Z. , Schulz Paul E. , Takei Hidehiro , Rivera Andreana L. , Jackson Robert E. , Roman Gustavo , Jicha Gregory A. , Nelson Peter T.
Published: May 2017

Context.—

Autopsy studies of the older population (≥65 years of age), and particularly of the “oldest-old” (≥85 years of age), have identified a significant proportion (∼20%) of cognitively impaired patients in which hippocampal sclerosis is the major substrate of an amnestic syndrome. Hippocampal sclerosis may also be comorbid with frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Alzheimer disease, and Lewy body disease. Until recently, the terms hippocampal sclerosis of aging or hippocampal sclerosis dementia were applied in this context. Recent discoveries have prompted a conceptual expansion of hippocampal sclerosis of aging because (1) cellular inclusions of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) are frequent; (2) TDP-43 pathology may be found outside hippocampus; and (3) brain arteriolosclerosis is a common, possibly pathogenic, component.

Objective.—

To aid pathologists with recent recommendations for diagnoses of common neuropathologies in older persons, particularly hippocampal sclerosis, and highlight the recent shift in diagnostic terminology from HS-aging to cerebral age-related TDP-43 with sclerosis (CARTS).

Data Sources.—

Peer-reviewed literature and 5 autopsy examples that illustrate common age-related neuropathologies, including CARTS, and emphasize the importance of distinguishing CARTS from late-onset frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 pathology and from advanced Alzheimer disease with TDP-43 pathology.

Conclusions.—

In advanced old age, the substrates of cognitive impairment are often multifactorial. This article demonstrates common and frequently comorbid neuropathologic substrates of cognitive impairment in the older population, including CARTS, to aid those practicing in this area of pathology.
A Systematic Analysis of Discordant Diagnoses in Digital Pathology Compared With Light Microscopy
Authors: Williams Bethany J. , DaCosta Philip , Goacher Edward , Treanor Darren
Published: May 2017

Context.—

Relatively little is known about the significance and potential impact of glass-digital discordances, and this is likely to be of importance when considering digital pathology adoption.

Objective.—

To apply evidence-based medicine to collect and analyze reported instances of glass-digital discordance from the whole slide imaging validation literature.

Design.—

We used our prior systematic review protocol to identify studies assessing the concordance of light microscopy and whole slide imaging between 1999 and 2015. Data were extracted and analyzed by a team of histopathologists to classify the type, significance, and potential root cause of discordances.

Results.—

Twenty-three studies were included, yielding 8069 instances of a glass diagnosis being compared with a digital diagnosis. From these 8069 comparisons, 335 instances of discordance (4%) were reported, in which glass was the preferred diagnostic medium in 286 (85%), and digital in 44 (13%), with no consensus in 5 (2%). Twenty-eight discordances had the potential to cause moderate/severe patient harm. Of these, glass was the preferred diagnostic medium for 26 (93%). Of the 335 discordances, 109 (32%) involved the diagnosis or grading of dysplasia. For these cases, glass was the preferred diagnostic medium in 101 cases (93%), suggesting that diagnosis and grading of dysplasia may be a potential pitfall of digital diagnosis. In 32 of 335 cases (10%), discordance on digital was attributed to the inability to find a small diagnostic/prognostic object.

Conclusions.—

Systematic analysis of concordance studies reveals specific areas that may be problematic on whole slide imaging. It is important that pathologists are aware of these areas to ensure patient safety.
Cronística y nobleza en la Italia bajomedieval: la Casa de Este (Ferrara-Modena-Reggio)
Authors: Villa Prieto Josué
Published: May 2017

La producción historiográfica realizada en los dominios de los marqueses de Este (duques de Modena desde 1452 y de Ferrara desde 1471) durante la Baja Edad Media presenta una compleja diversidad de testimonios que atestigua el interés de las autoridades gubernamentales por dejar constancia de la memoria local. Este trabajo presenta las historias elaboradas, propone una clasificación de las mismas desde distintos puntos de vista, y ofrece un análisis interpretativo sobre sus características particulares y generales. Dicho examen repara especialmente en aspectos como la pervivencia de la tradición analística medieval, los elementos propios del humanismo, las diferencias existentes entre las composiciones vinculadas al notariado urbano y a la cancillería cortesana, los métodos llevados a cabo en el tratamiento documental, y la intencionalidad política que justifica su redacción. Asimismo, en cada caso se acota la cronología abordada, y se valora las posibilidades y límites que ofrecen para el conocimiento histórico.
El Cabildo catedralicio de Mallorca y la política de Fernando II el Católico
Authors: Cassanyes Roig Albert
Published: May 2017

Fernando II e Isabel de Castilla obtuvieron el título de “Reyes Católicos” gracias a su política religiosa. El presente artículo estudia las relaciones entre el Cabildo de Mallorca y el rey católico, con el objetivo de analizar la respuesta de la institución canonical a la política real. A tal efecto, se han revisado los libros de actas capitulares. Las cuestiones económicas fueron una de las principales causas que motivaron el envío de embajadas al rey. También hubo un cierto enfrentamiento en el establecimiento de la Inquisición, mientras el Cabildo colaboró con las campañas norteafricanas del monarca. En el campo de la cultura, representada por el lulismo, Fernando II no encontró un apoyo significativo del Cabildo, aunque sí de algunos canónigos en particular. Finalmente, el colegio canonical también realizó las exequias acostumbradas a los miembros de la familia real. Todo ello presenta un Cabildo complaciente que no se enfrentó abiertamente al monarca.Fernando II and Isabel of Castile obtained the title of «Catholic Monarchs» thanks to their religious policies. This paper considers the relationship between the chapter of Majorca and the Catholic king, with the aim of analysing the response of the canonry to royal politics. For this purpose, the books of the chapter proceedings have been examined. Economic issues were one of the main reasons for sending embassies to the king. Furthermore, there was a confrontation over the introduction of the Inquisition, while at the same time the chapter cooperated during the North African campaigns of the king. In the cultural sphere, dominated by Lullism, Fernando II did not find significant support from the chapter, with the exception of a few individual canons. Lastly, the canons participated in the customary funeral rites for the royal family. On the whole, the conclusion drawn is one of a complaisant chapter that never openly confronted the monarch.
Effects of the task complexity on the performance of a Coincidence Timing Task of people with Down syndrome
Authors: Bonuzzi Giordano Marcio Gatinho , Corrêa Umberto César , Antunes Gisele Ladik , Monteiro Carlos Bandeira de Mello , Perotti Júnior Alaércio , Freudenheim Andrea Michele , Torriani-Pasin Camila
Published: May 2017

With the present study, we aimed to investigate the task complexity effects on the performance of a coincidence timing task in individuals with Down syndrome. The experimental group was consisted by 26 subjects with Down syndrome, 20 years old (± 5), and classified as mild or moderate in International Classification of Functioning and Health. Each participant in the experimental group was matched by in function of gender and age with a participant in a control group without Down syndrome. Both groups performed a coincident timing task, in which the participant had different levels of structural and functional complexity. Performance measure was derived from the consistency (absolute error), accuracy (variable error) and direction of response (constant error). Individuals with Down syndrome presented spatiotemporal organization impairments related to the difficulty in dealing with motor demand in order to interact with the perceptive demand. They also experienced difficulty in adapt to task complexity, causing performance error in the task. Individuals with Down syndrome have deficits in perceptive and space-time organization, and this phenomenon may be explained by the difficulty in integrating perceptive stimulus to motor actions with a high number of elements involved.
CIAFIS – Congresso Internacional de Atividade Física, Nutrição e Saúde
Authors: Dantas Estélio Henrique Martin , Soares Nara Michelle Moura , Aidar Felipe José Martins , Silva-Grigoletto Marzo Edir da , Santos Silva Roberto Jerônimo dos , Silva Júnior Walderi Monteiro da , Cabral Breno Guilherme Araújo Tinoco , Carneiro André Luiz Gomes
Published: May 2017

Os trabalhos publicados no presente suplemento foram submetidos à apreciação da Comissão Científica do Congresso Internacional de Atividade Física, Nutrição e Saúde – “CIAFIS”, realizado nos dias 21, 22, 23 e 24 de SETEMBRO de 2016 na Universidade Tiradentes em Aracajú, Sergipe, Brasil. O conteúdo dos artigos é única e exclusivamente da responsabilidade dos seus autores. A Comissão Científica do CIAFIS não assume qualquer tipo de responsabilidade pelas opiniões e afirmações expressas pelos autores. É permitida a reprodução parcial dos textos e sua utilização sem fins comerciais, desde que devidamente citada a fonte/referência.
L’intimidation subie et l’adaptation psychosociale à l’école primaire : effet modérateur de la participation à des activités de loisir organisées
Authors: Beaulieu Geneviève , Denault Anne-Sophie , Verlaan Pierrette , Déry Michèle
Published: May 2017

L’intimidation subie est un phénomène fréquent dans les écoles primaires nord-américaines et est associée à plusieurs effets néfastes sur l’adaptation des élèves. Cette étude examine les liens de prédiction entre l’intimidation subie et les problèmes de comportement intériorisés et extériorisés chez les élèves du primaire de milieux défavorisés. Elle examine également l’effet modérateur de la participation à des activités de loisir organisées sur ces liens. Pour ce faire, 394 élèves (Mage = 7.84; 51 % filles) ont été suivis à deux temps de mesure à une année d’intervalle. Les variables à l’étude ont été mesurées à l’aide de questionnaires complétés par le parent principal de l’enfant et les enseignants. Après avoir contrôlé pour l’adaptation antérieure des participants et le revenu familial, les résultats montrent que l’intimidation subie prédit une augmentation des problèmes intériorisés et extériorisés un an plus tard. De plus, l’intimidation subie prédit une augmentation des problèmes intériorisés seulement chez les élèves qui ne participent pas à des activités de loisirs organisées. Cette étude contribue à l’avancement des connaissances notamment en considérant un échantillon d’élèves à risque et en examinant l’effet modérateur de la participation à des activités de loisir organisées. Elle souligne également l’importance de sensibiliser les milieux scolaires à l’impact potentiellement positif de la participation à ce type d’activités chez les élèves victimes d’intimidation.
Le point de vue de parents d’enfants présentant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme en regard d’un programme public d’intervention comportementale
Authors: Rivard Mélina , Mercier Céline , Morin Marjorie , Lépine Anabel
Published: May 2017

L’intervention comportementale intensive (ICI) est implantée depuis 2003 dans les services publics québécois destinés aux enfants de 2 à 5 ans ayant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme. Ce choix a été fait sur la base de l’avis d’experts et des données probantes à l’effet que l’ICI représente l’intervention la plus efficace pour les jeunes enfants ayant ce type de trouble. Bien que les effets de l’ICI soient largement documentés, la perception des familles quant aux services d’ICI reçus demeure peu étudiée. À partir d’entretiens effectués auprès de 52 familles, le point de vue des parents concernant les services d’ICI a été abordé selon trois dimensions : l’appréciation générale, les effets perçus sur l’enfant et la famille ainsi que le niveau de satisfaction. Les données ont été recueillies à partir de questions ouvertes, d’un questionnaire structuré et de l’Échelle de satisfaction des services (CSQ-8). Les parents participants rapportent que l’équipe d’intervention, les modalités d’intervention ainsi que le contenu de l’intervention des services ICI sont les principaux points forts des services évalués. Des améliorations pourraient néanmoins être apportées à certaines modalités de dispensation des services, ainsi qu’à l’accessibilité, aux mouvements de personnel et à l’implication des parents. Tous les parents, sauf un, rapportent des effets positifs chez l’enfant, notamment sur les plans de la communication, du fonctionnement cognitif et des aspects sociaux. Les services ont aussi des effets sur le bien-être des parents, leurs habiletés parentales et la vie quotidienne familiale. Plus de 95 % des répondants se sont déclarés satisfaits ou très satisfaits des modalités du programme ICI. Le niveau général de satisfaction est également très élevé.
Le parcours scolaire des enfants victimes de maltraitance parentale : recension d’études entre 2007 et 2014
Authors: Maltais Christine , Normandeau Sylvie
Published: May 2017

La maltraitance parentale est un facteur reconnu pour compromettre la sécurité et le développement des enfants et des adolescents, dont le parcours à l’école. L’objectif de cette recension est de faire état des travaux de recherche menés entre 2007 et 2014 qui documentent le parcours scolaire des enfants victimes de maltraitance et qui identifient les facteurs pouvant faire l’objet d’intervention préventive pour soutenir la réussite scolaire. Les constats qui émergent de ces travaux font ressortir que, dès les premières années du primaire, les enfants victimes de maltraitance sont susceptibles d’éprouver des difficultés en lecture et en mathématiques, lesquelles peuvent s’aggraver avec le temps. Pour plusieurs, ces difficultés sont prédites avant même l’entrée à la maternelle par des retards dans l’acquisition des habiletés préscolaires. En classe, les enfants victimes de maltraitance ont des difficultés cognitives, émotionnelles et comportementales qui entravent leurs capacités à gérer efficacement les situations d’apprentissage et à réussir à l’école. Enfin, des interventions pourraient cibler les parents ou les familles d’accueil afin de les aider à mieux soutenir les apprentissages des enfants et favoriser le développement des caractéristiques bénéfiques à la gestion efficace et autonome des apprentissages scolaires.
La délinquance et la victimisation officielle caractérisant une cohorte de 1429 adolescents auteurs d’agression sexuelle
Authors: Coutu Janick , Meilleur Dominique , Lafortune Denis
Published: May 2017

Plus de la moitié des délinquants sexuels adultes admettent avoir commis un premier délit de nature sexuelle avant l’âge de 18 ans. De plus, comme les adolescents sont responsables de près de 30 % des agressions sexuelles déclarées, il importe de mieux connaître leurs caractéristiques. La présente étude a pour objectif de décrire une cohorte regroupant tous les adolescents québécois reconnus coupables d’un délit sexuel entre 2005 et 2010 (n = 1429). Des analyses descriptives (moyennes, médianes, écarts-types) ont été effectuées à partir de données portant sur les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, les comportements délinquants et les actes de maltraitance subis. Les résultats indiquent qu’en moyenne les adolescents auteurs d’agression sexuelle (AAAS) québécois ont commis un premier délit sexuel à l’âge de 14,5 ans (E-T = 1,6). Les paramètres de la délinquance permettent de distinguer trois profils : les jeunes n’ayant commis qu’un délit (52,8 %), ceux ayant une délinquance peu variée et volumineuse (de 2 à 10 délits; 35,8 %) et ceux ayant une délinquance variée, intense et persistante (environ 5 %). De plus, les AAAS commettent principalement des délits à caractère violent (Moy = 2,6 délits violents par jeune; E-T : 2,6). Sur le plan de la victimisation, un peu plus de huit jeunes sur dix (82 %) ont été signalés à la Direction de la Protection de la Jeunesse (DPJ). Ce portrait a été tracé à l’aide des délits et des signalements répertoriés dans la base de données des Centres Jeunesses. Ces données ne peuvent rendre compte de la délinquance cachée ou de la maltraitance qui ne sont pas portées à l’attention des intervenants sociaux.
Les effets d’un cours d’efficience cognitive sur de nouveaux étudiants de l’Université de l’Alberta
Authors: Langevin René , Laurent Angélique
Published: May 2017

Cette étude avait pour objectif d’évaluer systématiquement les effets d’un cours d’efficience cognitive (CEC) sur des étudiants de première année de l’Université de l’Alberta. Six variables ont été examinées en lien avec cet objectif, soit 1) le rendement académique, 2) le stress psychologique, 3) la motivation, 4) l’estime de soi, 5) les fonctions exécutives et 6) les stratégies d’apprentissage acquises dans le cadre du cours. À partir d’un devis quasi expérimental, nous avons choisi des questionnaires susceptibles de mesurer ces six variables chez dix (N=10) étudiants répartis entre un groupe expérimental (N=5) et un groupe témoin (N=5). Il s’agit des questionnaires suivants : 1) la Mesure du stress psychologique (MSP), 2) l’Échelle de Motivation dans les études (ÉMÉ), 3) l’Échelle Toulousaine d’estime de soi (ÉTES), 4) le Profil de gestion exécutive (PGEX) et 5) un questionnaire-maison mesurant la durabilité des stratégies d’apprentissage acquises pendant le CEC. Les passassions ont eu lieu au début du cours puis 11 mois après celui-ci. Les analyses statistiques ont indiqué un effet durable sur le groupe témoin quant à la variable 6 « stratégies d’apprentissage », c’est-à-dire une augmentation des stratégies d’apprentissage dans le cas des participants du groupe témoin. Ces résultats n’appuient pas ceux de Ruph (2001) sur l’efficacité du CEC et entraînent des constats discutés à la lumière des recherches dans le domaine.
Accord interjuges des nouveaux domaines, la littératie et la numératie, de l’AEPS/EIS
Authors: Lemire Colombe , Dionne Carmen , McKinnon Suzie
Published: May 2017

Cet article présente les degrés d’accord interjuges entre deux évaluateurs pour les nouveaux domaines, la littératie et la numératie, du Programme EIS Évaluation Intervention Suivi, une adaptation francophone de l’Assessment, Evaluation, and Programming System (AEPS). Depuis plusieurs années, les tests d’évaluation conventionnels du développement sont source d’insatisfaction pour les intervenants oeuvrant auprès d’enfants présentant des incapacités, en raison des protocoles d’administration rigides et des exercices d’évaluation éloignés des comportements naturels de l’enfant, ce que pallie l’AEPS/EIS. Ce dernier, un outil d’évaluation du développement de l’enfant, vise dans sa nouvelle édition l’introduction des domaines de la littératie et de la numératie. Les questions de recherche de la présente étude concernent les degrés d’accord interjuges entre deux évaluateurs pour chacun des deux domaines et pour chacun des buts qui les composent. L’échantillon est constitué de 32 enfants, évalués dans leur milieu de vie. Les résultats montrent un degré d’accord excellent pour la littératie et substantiel pour la numératie. Seul un but en littératie présente un degré d’accord faible. De même, seule une absence d’accord est notée pour un but de la numératie. En conclusion, les nouveaux domaines présentent des qualités psychométriques intéressantes sur le plan de la fidélité. Cette étude est un apport au processus d’élaboration des domaines de la littératie et de la numératie de l’AEPS/EIS. Néanmoins, la poursuite de la validation de l’ensemble de la nouvelle édition demeure incontournable.
Dynamics and genetic diversification ofEscherichia coliduring experimental adaptation to an anaerobic environment
Authors: Finn Thomas J. , Shewaramani Sonal , Leahy Sinead C. , Janssen Peter H. , Moon Christina D.
Published: May 2017

Background

Many bacteria are facultative anaerobes, and can proliferate in both anoxic and oxic environments. Under anaerobic conditions, fermentation is the primary means of energy generation in contrast to respiration. Furthermore, the rates and spectra of spontaneous mutations that arise during anaerobic growth differ to those under aerobic growth. A long-term selection experiment was undertaken to investigate the genetic changes that underpin how the facultative anaerobe,Escherichia coli, adapts to anaerobic environments.

Methods

Twenty-one populations ofE. coliREL4536, an aerobically evolved 10,000th generation descendent of theE. coliB strain, REL606, were established from a clonal ancestral culture. These were serially sub-cultured for 2,000 generations in a defined minimal glucose medium in strict aerobic and strict anaerobic environments, as well as in a treatment that fluctuated between the two environments. The competitive fitness of the evolving lineages was assessed at approximately 0, 1,000 and 2,000 generations, in both the environment of selection and the alternative environment. Whole genome re-sequencing was performed on random colonies from all lineages after 2,000-generations. Mutations were identified relative to the ancestral genome, and based on the extent of parallelism, traits that were likely to have contributed towards adaptation were inferred.

Results

There were increases in fitness relative to the ancestor among anaerobically evolved lineages when tested in the anaerobic environment, but no increases were found in the aerobic environment. For lineages that had evolved under the fluctuating regime, relative fitness increased significantly in the anaerobic environment, but did not increase in the aerobic environment. The aerobically-evolved lineages did not increase in fitness when tested in either the aerobic or anaerobic environments. The strictly anaerobic lineages adapted more rapidly to the anaerobic environment than did the fluctuating lineages. Two main strategies appeared to predominate during adaptation to the anaerobic environment: modification of energy generation pathways, and inactivation of non-essential functions. Fermentation pathways appeared to alter through selection for mutations in genes such asnadR, adhE, dcuS/R, andpflB. Mutations were frequently identified in genes for presumably dispensable functions such as toxin-antitoxin systems, prophages, virulence and amino acid transport. Adaptation of the fluctuating lineages to the anaerobic environments involved mutations affecting traits similar to those observed in the anaerobically evolved lineages.

Discussion

There appeared to be strong selective pressure for activities that conferred cell yield advantages during anaerobic growth, which include restoring activities that had previously been inactivated under long-term continuous aerobic evolution of the ancestor.
Isolated teeth of Anhangueria (Pterosauria: Pterodactyloidea) from the Lower Cretaceous of Lightning Ridge, New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Brougham Tom , Smith Elizabeth T. , Bell Phil R.
Published: May 2017

The fossil record of Australian pterosaurs is sparse, consisting of only a small number of isolated and fragmentary remains from the Cretaceous of Queensland, Western Australia and Victoria. Here, we describe two isolated pterosaur teeth from the Lower Cretaceous (middle Albian) Griman Creek Formation at Lightning Ridge (New South Wales) and identify them as indeterminate members of the pterodactyloid clade Anhangueria. This represents the first formal description of pterosaur material from New South Wales. The presence of one or more anhanguerian pterosaurs at Lightning Ridge correlates with the presence of ‘ornithocheirid’ andAnhanguera-like pterosaurs from the contemporaneous Toolebuc Formation of central Queensland and the global distribution attained by ornithocheiroids during the Early Cretaceous. The morphology of the teeth and their presence in the estuarine- and lacustrine-influenced Griman Creek Formation is likely indicative of similar life habits of the tooth bearer to other members of Anhangueria.
Importance of Ekman transport and gyre circulation change on seasonal variation of surface dissolved iron in the western subarctic North Pacific
Authors: Nakanowatari Takuya , Nakamura Tomohiro , Uchimoto Keisuke , Nishioka Jun , Mitsudera Humio , Wakatsuchi Masaaki
Published: May 2017

Iron (Fe) is an essential nutrient for marine phytoplankton and it constitutes an important element in the marine carbon cycle in the ocean. This study examined the mechanisms controlling seasonal variation of dissolved Fe (dFe) in the western subarctic North Pacific (WSNP), using an ocean general circulation model coupled with a simple biogeochemical model incorporating a dFe cycle fed by two major sources (atmospheric dust and continental shelf sediment). The model reproduced the seasonal cycle of observed concentrations of dFe and macronutrients at the surface in the Oyashio region with maxima in winter (February–March) and minima in summer (July–September), although the simulated seasonal amplitudes are a half of the observed values. Analysis of the mixed‐layer dFe budget indicated that both local vertical entrainment and lateral advection are primary contributors to the wintertime increase in dFe concentration. In early winter, strengthened northwesterly winds excite southward Ekman transport and Ekman upwelling over the western subarctic gyre, transporting dFe‐rich water southward. In mid to late winter, the southward western boundary current of the subarctic gyre and the outflow from the Sea of Okhotsk also bring dFe‐rich water to the Oyashio region. The contribution of atmospheric dust to the dFe budget is several times smaller than these ocean transport processes in winter. These results suggest that the westerly wind‐induced Ekman transport and gyre circulation systematically influence the seasonal cycle of WSNP surface dFe concentration.
A dual‐chamber method for quantifying the effects of atmospheric perturbations on secondary organic aerosol formation from biomass burning emissions
Authors: Tkacik Daniel S. , Robinson Ellis S. , Ahern Adam , Saleh Rawad , Stockwell Chelsea , Veres Patrick , Simpson Isobel J. , Meinardi Simone , Blake Donald R. , Yokelson Robert J. , Presto Albert A. , Sullivan Ryan C. , Donahue Neil M. , Robinson Allen L.
Published: May 2017

Biomass burning (BB) is a major source of atmospheric pollutants. Field and laboratory studies indicate that secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from BB emissions is highly variable. We investigated sources of this variability using a novel dual‐smog‐chamber method that directly compares the SOA formation from the same BB emissions under two different atmospheric conditions. During each experiment, we filled two identical Teflon smog chambers simultaneously with BB emissions from the same fire. We then perturbed the smoke with UV lights, UV lights plus nitrous acid (HONO), or dark ozone in one or both chambers. These perturbations caused SOA formation in nearly every experiment with an average organic aerosol (OA) mass enhancement ratio of 1.78 ± 0.91 (mean ± 1σ). However, the effects of the perturbations were highly variable ranging with OA mass enhancement ratios ranging from 0.7 (30% loss of OA mass) to 4.4 across the set of perturbation experiments. There was no apparent relationship between OA enhancement and perturbation type, fuel type, and modified combustion efficiency. To better isolate the effects of different perturbations, we report dual‐chamber enhancement (DUCE), which is the quantity of the effects of a perturbation relative to a reference condition. DUCE values were also highly variable, even for the same perturbation and fuel type. Gas measurements indicate substantial burn‐to‐burn variability in the magnitude and composition of SOA precursor emissions, even in repeated burns of the same fuel under nominally identical conditions. Therefore, the effects of different atmospheric perturbations on SOA formation from BB emissions appear to be less important than burn‐to‐burn variability.
Black carbon aerosol and its radiative impact at a high‐altitude remote site on the southeastern Tibet Plateau
Authors: Zhao Zhuzi , Wang Qiyuan , Xu Baiqing , Shen Zhenxing , Huang Rujin , Zhu Chongshu , Su Xiaoli , Zhao Shuyu , Long Xin , Liu Suixin , Cao Junji
Published: May 2017

Aerosol black carbon (BC) was measured with an Aethalometer™ at Lulang, a high‐altitude station in southeastern Tibetan Plateau (TP), from July 2008 to August 2009. Daily mean BC loadings varied from 57.7 to 5368.9 ng m−3 (grand average ± standard deviation = 496.5 ± 521.2 ng m−3), indicating a significant BC burden even at free tropospheric altitudes. BC loadings were highest during the premonsoon and lowest during the monsoon, and peaks in BC were coincident with high atmospheric boundary layers. Daily peaks in BC occurred from 08:00 to 10:00 local time with minor fluctuations at other times. The BC mass absorption efficiency (MAE) was calculated from elemental carbon concentrations obtained from a thermal/optical reflectance method and absorption coefficients from the Aethalometer™, and values ranged from 6.1 to 31.7 m2 g−1 (average = 16.6 ± 5.7 m2 g−1). Strong variations in the MAEs during the monsoon can be ascribed to large uncertainties due to low BC and babs and possibly coatings on the BC. High MAEs during premonsoon pollution events were likely due to internal mixing during transport. The mean direct surface radiative forcing (DRF) estimated from a radiation model was −19.9 (±7.4) W m−2 for the full aerosol population and −3.9 (±1.8) W m−2 for a BC only scenario. The BC DRF during a case study (−36.0 W m−2) was much stronger than the typical, and the BC contribution to the forcing was higher (~50%) than usual (~20%). These results show that BC can at times account for a relatively large fraction of the aerosol surface heating over the southeast TP, which may affect both climate and hydrological cycles.
In Situ Transformation of MOFs into Layered Double Hydroxide Embedded Metal Sulfides for Improved Electrocatalytic and Supercapacitive Performance
Authors: Yilmaz Gamze , Yam Kah Meng , Zhang Chun , Fan Hong Jin , Ho Ghim Wei
Published: May 2017

Direct adoption of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) as electrode materials shows impoverished electrochemical performance owing to low electrical conductivity and poor chemical stability. In this study, we demonstrate self‐templated pseudomorphic transformation of MOF into surface chemistry rich hollow framework that delivers highly reactive, durable, and universal electrochemically active energy conversion and storage functionalities. In situ pseudomorphic transformation of MOF‐derived hollow rhombic dodecahedron template and sulfurization of nickel cobalt layered double hydroxides (NiCo‐LDHs) lead to the construction of interlayered metal sulfides (NiCo‐LDH/Co9S8) system. The embedment of metal sulfide species (Co9S8) at the LDH intergalleries offers optimal interfacing of the hybrid constituent elements and materials stability. The hybrid NiCo‐LDH/Co9S8 system collectively presents an ideal porous structure, rich redox chemistry, and high electrical conductivity matrix. This leads to a significant enhancement in its complementary electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution and supercapacitive energy storage properties. This work establishes the potential of MOF derived scaffold for designing of novel class hybrid inorganic–organic functional materials for electrochemical applications and beyond.
Peapod‐like Li3VO4/N‐Doped Carbon Nanowires with Pseudocapacitive Properties as Advanced Materials for High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Shen Laifa , Lv Haifeng , Chen Shuangqiang , Kopold Peter , van Aken Peter A. , Wu Xiaojun , Maier Joachim , Yu Yan
Published: May 2017

Lithium ion capacitors are new energy storage devices combining the complementary features of both electric double‐layer capacitors and lithium ion batteries. A key limitation to this technology is the kinetic imbalance between the Faradaic insertion electrode and capacitive electrode. Here, we demonstrate that the Li3VO4 with low Li‐ion insertion voltage and fast kinetics can be favorably used for lithium ion capacitors. N‐doped carbon‐encapsulated Li3VO4 nanowires are synthesized through a morphology‐inheritance route, displaying a low insertion voltage between 0.2 and 1.0 V, a high reversible capacity of ≈400 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, excellent rate capability, and long‐term cycling stability. Benefiting from the small nanoparticles, low energy diffusion barrier and highly localized charge‐transfer, the Li3VO4/N‐doped carbon nanowires exhibit a high‐rate pseudocapacitive behavior. A lithium ion capacitor device based on these Li3VO4/N‐doped carbon nanowires delivers a high energy density of 136.4 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 532 W kg−1, revealing the potential for application in high‐performance and long life energy storage devices.
Two Well‐Miscible Acceptors Work as One for Efficient Fullerene‐Free Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Yu Runnan , Zhang Shaoqing , Yao Huifeng , Guo Bing , Li Sunsun , Zhang Hao , Zhang Maojie , Hou Jianhui
Published: May 2017

High‐performance ternary organic solar cells are fabricated by using a wide‐bandgap polymer donor (bithienyl‐benzodithiophene‐alt‐fluorobenzotriazole copolymer, J52) and two well‐miscible nonfullerene acceptors, methyl‐modified nonfullerene acceptor (IT‐M) and 2,2′‐((2Z,2′Z)‐((5,5′‐(4,4,9,9‐tetrakis(4‐hexylphenyl)‐4,9‐dihydros‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene‐2,7‐diyl)bis(4‐((2‐ethylhexyl)oxy)thiophene‐5,2‐diyl))bis(methanylylidene))bis(3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene‐2,1‐diylidene))dimalononitrile (IEICO). The two acceptors with complementary absorption spectra and similar lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels show excellent compatibility in the blend due to their very similar chemical structures. Consequently, the obtained ternary organic solar cells (OSC) exhibits a high efficiency of 11.1%, with an enhanced short‐circuit current density of 19.7 mA cm−2 and a fill factor of 0.668. In this ternary system, broadened absorption, similar output voltages, and compatible morphology are achieved simultaneously, demonstrating a promising strategy to further improve the performance of ternary OSCs.
Intrinsically Polar Elastic Metamaterials
Authors: Bilal Osama R. , Süsstrunk Roman , Daraio Chiara , Huber Sebastian D.
Published: May 2017

In many applications, one needs to combine materials with varying properties to achieve certain functionalities. For example, the inner layer of a helmet should be soft for cushioning while the outer shell should be rigid to provide protection. Over time, these combined materials either separate or wear and tear, risking the exposure of an undesired material property. This work presents a design principle for a material that gains unique properties from its 3D microstructure, consisting of repeating basic building blocks, rather than its material composition. The 3D printed specimens show, at two of its opposing faces along the same axis, different stiffness (i.e., soft on one face and hard on the other). The realized material is protected by design (i.e., topology) against cuts and tears: No matter how material is removed, either layer by layer, or in arbitrary cuts through the repeating building blocks, two opposing faces remain largely different in their mechanical response.
Fully Printed Silver‐Nanoparticle‐Based Strain Gauges with Record High Sensitivity
Authors: Zhang Suoming , Cai Le , Li Wei , Miao Jinshui , Wang Tongyu , Yeom Junghoon , Sepúlveda Nelson , Wang Chuan
Published: May 2017

This paper describes a strategy to impart brittle conductive patterns composed of silver nanoparticles with high stretchability and structure‐dependent electrical characteristics. Silver nanoinks are printed on an elastomeric polyurethane acrylate substrate in the form of planar serpentine structures that can effectively mitigate strain concentration. The relative changes in resistance (∆R/R
0) and stretchability are found to strongly depend on the serpentine radius (r) that determines the strain relieving efficiency. Features with small radius of curvature show colossal ∆R/R
0 and hold great promise as ultrasensitive stretchable strain gauges. A record high gauge factor of 107 is achieved at 12% strain with r = 200 µm. Devices with larger radius of curvature exhibit higher stretchability and much more stable conductance, thus can be used as stretchable conductors. The results demonstrate the versatile functionalities that can be acquired from conventional materials by judicious structural designs.
Crystallinity Preservation and Ion Migration Suppression through Dual Ion Exchange Strategy for Stable Mixed Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Tiankai , Long Mingzhu , Yan Keyou , Qin Minchao , Lu Xinhui , Zeng Xiaoliang , Cheng Chi Man , Wong Kam Sing , Liu Pengyi , Xie Weiguang , Xu Jianbin
Published: May 2017

The mixed perovskite (FAPbI3)1−x(MAPbBr3)x, prepared by directly mixing different perovskite components, suffers from phase competition and a low‐crystallinity character, resulting in instability, despite the high efficiency. In this study, a dual ion exchange (DIE) method is developed by treating as‐prepared FAPbI3 with methylammonium brodide (MABr)/tert‐butanol solution. The converted perovskite thin film shows an optimized absorption edge at 800 nm after reaction time control, and the high crystallinity can be preserved after MABr incorporation. More importantly, it is found that the threshold electrical field to initiate ion migration is greatly increased in DIE perovskite thin film because excess MABr on the surface can effectively heal structural defects located on grain boundaries during the ion exchange process. It contributes to the over‐one‐month moisture stability under ≈65% room humidity (RH) and greatly enhanced light stability for the bare perovskite film. As a result of preserved high crystallinity and simultaneous grain boundary passivation, the perovskite solar cells fabricated by the DIE method demonstrate reliable reproducibility with an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17% and a maximum PCE of 18.1%, with negligible hysteresis.
The BCR‐ABL1 transcript type influences response and outcome inPhiladelphia chromosome‐positive chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated frontline with imatinib
Authors: Castagnetti Fausto , Gugliotta Gabriele , Breccia Massimo , Iurlo Alessandra , Levato Luciano , Albano Francesco , Vigneri Paolo , Abruzzese Elisabetta , Rossi Giuseppe , Rupoli Serena , Cavazzini Francesco , Martino Bruno , Orlandi Ester , Pregno Patrizia , Annunziata Mario , Usala Emilio , Tiribelli Mario , Sica Simona , Bonifacio Massimiliano , Fava Carmen , Gherlinzoni Filippo , Bocchia Monica , Soverini Simona , Bochicchio Maria Teresa , Cavo Michele , Giovanni Martinelli , Saglio Giuseppe , Pane Fabrizio , Baccarani Michele , Rosti Gianantonio ,   on behalf of the GIMEMA CML Working Party
Published: May 2017

The most frequent BCR‐ABL1 fusion transcripts in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are the e13a2 (b2a2) and the e14a2 (b3a2) ones. In the imatinib era few studies addressing the prognostic significance of the BCR‐ABL1 transcript type in early chronic phase CML have been published. Overall, these studies suggest that in e14a2 patients the response to imatinib is faster and deeper. To evaluate if the BCR‐ABL1 transcript type (e13a2 compared to e14a2) affect the response to imatinib and the clinical outcome in newly diagnosed adult CML patients, 559 patients enrolled in 3 prospective studies (NCT00514488, NCT00510926, observational study CML/023) were analyzed. A qualitative PCR was performed at baseline: 52% patients had a e14a2 transcript, 37% a e13a2 transcript, 11% co‐expressed both transcripts and 1% had other rare transcripts. The median follow‐up was 76 months (95% of the patients had at least a 5‐year observation). The complete cytogenetic response rates were comparable in e14a2 and e13a2 patients. The median time to MR3.0(6 and 12 months) and MR4.0(41 and 61 months) was significantly shorter for e14a2 patients compared to e13a2 patients, with a higher cumulative probability of MR3.0(88% and 83%,P < .001) and MR4.0(67% and 52%,P = .001). The 7‐year overall survival (90% and 83%,P = .017), progression‐free survival (89% and 81%,P = .005) and failure‐free survival (71% and 54%,P < .001) were significantly better in patients with e14a2 transcript. In conclusion, patients with e13a2 transcript had a slower molecular response with inferior response rates to imatinib and a poorer long‐term outcome.
Acquired hemophilia A: Updated review of evidence and treatment guidance
Authors: Kruse‐Jarres Rebecca , Kempton Christine L. , Baudo Francesco , Collins Peter W. , Knoebl Paul , Leissinger Cindy A. , Tiede Andreas , Kessler Craig M.
Published: May 2017

Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare disease resulting from autoantibodies (inhibitors) against endogenous factor VIII (FVIII) that leads to bleeding, which is often spontaneous and severe. AHA tends to occur in elderly patients with comorbidities and is associated with high mortality risk from underlying comorbidities, bleeding, or treatment complications. Treatment, which consists of hemostatic management and eradication of the inhibitors, can be challenging to manage.

Few data are available to guide the management of AHA‐related bleeding and eradication of the disease‐causing antibodies. Endorsed by the Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research Society of North America, an international panel of experts in AHA analyzed key questions, reviewed the literature, weighed the evidence and formed a consensus to update existing guidelines.

AHA is likely underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed in real‐world clinical practice. Recommendations for the management of AHA are summarized here based on the available data, integrated with the clinical experience of panel participants.
Metal‐Free Amine‐Mediated Oxidative Synthesis of Polysubstituted Imidazoles from Aryl Methyl Ketones, Ammonium Iodide or Benzylamine, and Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Liu Chengkou , Yang Zhao , Zeng Yu , Fang Zheng , Guo Kai
Published: May 2017

A hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐promoted amine‐mediated oxidative coupling reaction between aryl methyl ketones and ammonium iodide leading to (4 or 5)‐aryl‐2‐benzoyl‐imidazole analogs has been developed; these analogs show highly potent antiproliferative activity and can be further developed as promising antitumor agents. This methodology features a one‐step process, metal‐free conditions, high atom economy, good functional group tolerance, and the use of economic and simple starting materials and oxidant. Moreover, the reaction can be scaled up without significant decrease of the yield. Furthermore, 1,2,4‐trisubstituted imidazoles, which are synthetically and pharmaceutically valuable compounds, are produced in the presence of benzylamine. A reasonable mechanism is proposed based on some control experiments.
Chemoselective Cleavage of C(CO)−C Bond: Molecular Iodine‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Quinazolines through sp3 C−H Bond Functionalization of Aryl Methyl Ketones
Authors: Tiwari Abhishek R. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: May 2017

In this work, we report a chemoselective C(CO)−C bond cleavage of aryl methyl ketones in the presence of molecular iodine. The in situ generated keto aryl fragment combined with o‐aminobenzyl amines to give quinzolines through a C−H/N−H oxidative tandem cyclization. Various derivatives of quinazolines could be synthesized in good to excellent yields under transition‐metal‐ and additive‐free conditions.
Differences between biological and chronological age‐at‐death in human skeletal remains: A change of perspective
Authors: Couoh Lourdes R.
Published: May 2017

Objectives

This analysis seeks to determine whether differences between real and estimated chronological age (CA) with biological age (BA) in skeletal individuals reflect variability in aging.

Material and methods

A total of 87 individuals of two samples, ranging from 20 to 94 years old, were analyzed. One, partially documented, belongs to a Mexican skeletal collection dating to the 20th century; the other is an assemblage of prehispanic individuals from different archaeological sites. In all specimens, the tooth annulation method (TCA) was applied to estimate CA, while—excluding individuals older than 80 years—auricular surface (AS) and pubic symphysis (PS) methods were used to estimate BA. Statistical analyses were conducted to identify correlations and significance of the differences between CA vs. TCA, CA vs. AS/PS, TCA vs. AS/PS. Sex of individuals was assessed for its influence in aging.

Results

The use of TCA to estimate CA was successful for most individuals. A strong correlation was found between CA vs. TCA, CA vs. AS/PS, TCA vs. AS/PS and their differences were significant but variation in these were found when assessed by separate age groups. Sex did not influence such differences.

Discussion

TCA can be used to estimate CA and its differences with BA, being less than 10 years, are similar to those found in living populations. Differences between CA and BA are due to intra‐population variability, which could be the consequence of individual differences in aging. More research is needed to have confidence that under‐ and overestimations of BA are indicators of aging variability at the level of the individual.