bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of porous knitted titanium for replacement of intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus
Authors: Tendulkar Gauri , Sreekumar Vrinda , Rupp Frank , Teotia Arun K. , Athanasopulu Kiriaki , Kemkemer Ralf , Buck Alfred , Buck Alfred , Kaps Hans-Peter , Geis-Gerstorfer Jürgen , Kumar Ashok , Nussler Andreas K.
Published: November 2017

Effective restoration of human intervertebral disc degeneration is challenged by numerous limitations of the currently available spinal fusion and arthroplasty treatment strategies. Consequently, use of artificial biomaterial implant is gaining attention as a potential therapeutic strategy. Our study is aimed at investigating and characterizing a novel knitted titanium (Ti6Al4V) implant for the replacement of nucleus pulposus to treat early stages of chronic intervertebral disc degeneration. Specific knitted geometry of the scaffold with a porosity of 67.67 ± 0.824% was used to overcome tissue integration failures. Furthermore, to improve the wear resistance without impairing original mechanical strength, electro-polishing step was employed. Electro-polishing treatment changed a surface roughness from 15.22 ± 3.28 to 4.35 ± 0.87 µm without affecting its wettability which remained at 81.03 ± 8.5°. Subsequently, cellular responses of human mesenchymal stem cells (SCP1 cell line) and human primary chondrocytes were investigated which showed positive responses in terms of adherence and viability. Surface wettability was further enhanced to super hydrophilic nature by oxygen plasma treatment, which eventually caused substantial increase in the proliferation of SCP1 cells and primary chondrocytes. Our study implies that owing to scaffolds physicochemical and biocompatible properties, it could improve the clinical performance of nucleus pulposus replacement.
Protein crowding and lipid complexity influence the nanoscale dynamic organization of ion channels in cell membranes
Authors: Duncan Anna L. , Reddy Tyler , Koldsø Heidi , Hélie Jean , Fowler Philip W. , Chavent Matthieu , Sansom Mark S. P.
Published: November 2017

Cell membranes are crowded and complex environments. To investigate the effect of protein-lipid interactions on dynamic organization in mammalian cell membranes, we have performed coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations containing >100 copies of an inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channel which forms specific interactions with the regulatory lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). The tendency of protein molecules to cluster has the effect of organizing the membrane into dynamic compartments. At the same time, the diversity of lipids present has a marked effect on the clustering behavior of ion channels. Sub-diffusion of proteins and lipids is observed. Protein crowding alters the sub-diffusive behavior of proteins and lipids such as PIP2 which interact tightly with Kir channels. Protein crowding also affects bilayer properties, such as membrane undulations and bending rigidity, in a PIP2-dependent manner. This interplay between the diffusion and the dynamic organization of Kir channels may have important implications for channel function.
Conserved RNA structures in the intergenic regions of ambisense viruses
Authors: Kiening Michael , Weber Friedemann , Frishman Dmitrij
Published: November 2017

Ambisense viruses are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that use a unique expression strategy. Their genome contains at least one ambisense RNA segment that carries two oppositely oriented reading frames separated by an intergenic region. It is believed that a structural RNA element within the intergenic region is involved in transcription termination. However, a general overview over the structural repertoire of ambisense intergenic regions is currently lacking. In this study we investigated the structural potential of the intergenic regions of all known ambisense viruses and compared their structural repertoire by structure-guided clustering. Intergenic regions of most ambisense viruses possess a high potential to build stable secondary structures and many viruses share common structural motifs in the intergenic regions of their ambisense segments. We demonstrate that (i) within the phylogenetic virus groups sets of conserved functional structures are present, but that (ii) between the groups conservation is low to non-existent. These results reflect a high degree of freedom to regulate ambisense transcription termination and also imply that the genetic strategy of having an ambisense RNA genome has evolved several times independently.
Coupling optogenetics and light-sheet microscopy, a method to study Wnt signaling during embryogenesis
Authors: Kaur Prameet , Saunders Timothy E. , Tolwinski Nicholas S.
Published: November 2017

Optogenetics allows precise, fast and reversible intervention in biological processes. Light-sheet microscopy allows observation of the full course of Drosophila embryonic development from egg to larva. Bringing the two approaches together allows unparalleled precision into the temporal regulation of signaling pathways and cellular processes in vivo. To develop this method, we investigated the regulation of canonical Wnt signaling during anterior-posterior patterning of the Drosophila embryonic epidermis. Cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) from Arabidopsis Thaliana was fused to mCherry fluorescent protein and Drosophila β–catenin to form an easy to visualize optogenetic switch. Blue light illumination caused oligomerization of the fusion protein and inhibited downstream Wnt signaling in vitro and in vivo. Temporal inactivation of β–catenin confirmed that Wnt signaling is required not only for Drosophila pattern formation, but also for maintenance later in development. We anticipate that this method will be easily extendable to other developmental signaling pathways and many other experimental systems.
A Copper-Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization Reaction of Aminoalkynes with Alkynes for the Construction of Tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]quinolines Scaffold
Authors: Ma Can-Liang , Zhao Jin-Hao , Yang Yong , Zhang Min-Kui , Shen Chao , Sheng Rong , Dong Xiao-Wu , Hu Yong-Zhou
Published: November 2017

A synthetic method for diversely substituted tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]quinolines was developed via CuCl-catalyzed cascade transformation of internal aminoalkynes with alkynes under microwave- irradiation.
Long-term climate change in the D-region
Authors: Clilverd Mark A. , Duthie Roger , Rodger Craig J. , Hardman Rachael L. , Yearby Keith H.
Published: November 2017

Controversy exists over the potential effects of long-term increases in greenhouse gas concentrations on the ionospheric D-region at 60–90 km altitudes. Techniques involving in-situ rocket measurements, remote optical observations, and radio wave reflection experiments have produced conflicting results. This study reports a novel technique that analyses long-distance subionospheric very low frequency radiowave observations of the NAA 24.0 kHz transmitter, Cutler, Maine, made from Halley Station, Antarctica, over the period 1971–2016. The analysis is insensitive to any changes in the output power of the transmitter, compensates for the use of different data logging equipment, and can confirm the accuracy of the timing systems operated over the 45 year long record. A ~10% reduction in the scale size of the transmitter nighttime interference fringe pattern has been determined, taking into account the quasi-11 year solar cycle. Subionospheric radiowave propagation modeling suggests that the contraction of the interference fringe pattern about the mid-latitude NAA transmitter is due to a 3 km reduction in the effective height of the nighttime ionospheric D-region over the last 45 years. This is consistent with the effect of enhanced infra-red cooling by increasing greenhouse gases.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment in the United States and Low- and Middle-Income Countries Using Predicted Heart/Vascular Age
Authors: Appiah Duke , Capistrant Benjamin D.
Published: November 2017

Almost 80% of the global burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) occurs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, LMICs do not have well-established, low-technology ways to quantify and communicate CVD risk at population or individual levels. We examined predicted heart/vascular age (PHA) in six LMICs and the United States. Data were from CVD-free adults in World Health Organization Study on Global Aging and Adult Health (n = 29094) and US National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (n = 6726). PHA was calculated using the non-laboratory Framingham CVD risk equation. High excess PHA (HEPHA) was defined as the differences between PHA and chronological age >5 years. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with HEPHA. Age-standardized prevalence of HEPHA was higher in Russia 52%; China 56%; Mexico 59%; and South Africa 65% compared to the US 45%, Ghana 36%; and India 38%. In LMICs, higher income, being divorced/widowed, alcohol intake and abdominal obesity had higher odds of HEPHA; higher education, fruit intake and physical activity had lower odds of HEPHA. The use of PHA may offer a useful avenue to communicate CVD risk. Interventions tailored at socioeconomic and cultural factors that influence CVD risk factors may be necessary to prevent CVD in LMICs.
Multilocus DNA barcoding – Species Identification with Multilocus Data
Authors: Liu Junning , Jiang Jiamei , Song Shuli , Tornabene Luke , Chabarria Ryan , Naylor Gavin J. P. , Li Chenhong
Published: November 2017

Species identification using DNA sequences, known as DNA barcoding has been widely used in many applied fields. Current barcoding methods are usually based on a single mitochondrial locus, such as cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). This type of barcoding method does not always work when applied to species separated by short divergence times or that contain introgressed genes from closely related species. Herein we introduce a more effective multi-locus barcoding framework that is based on gene capture and “next-generation” sequencing. We selected 500 independent nuclear markers for ray-finned fishes and designed a three-step pipeline for multilocus DNA barcoding. We applied our method on two exemplar datasets each containing a pair of sister fish species: Siniperca chuatsi vs. Sini. kneri and Sicydium altum vs. Sicy. adelum, where the COI barcoding approach failed. Both of our empirical and simulated results demonstrated that under limited gene flow and enough separation time, we could correctly identify species using multilocus barcoding method. We anticipate that, as the cost of DNA sequencing continues to fall that our multilocus barcoding approach will eclipse existing single-locus DNA barcoding methods as a means to better understand the diversity of the living world.
Seasonality and brain size are negatively associated in frogs: evidence for the expensive brain framework
Authors: Luo Yi , Zhong Mao Jun , Huang Yan , Li Feng , Liao Wen Bo , Kotrschal Alexander
Published: November 2017

The challenges of seasonal environments are thought to contribute to brain evolution, but in which way is debated. According to the Cognitive Buffer Hypothesis (CBH) brain size should increase with seasonality, as the cognitive benefits of a larger brain should help overcoming periods of food scarcity via, for instance, increased behavioral flexibility. However, in line with the Expensive Brain Framework (EBF) brain size should decrease with seasonality because a smaller brain confers energetic benefits in periods of food scarcity. Empirical evidence is inconclusive and mostly limited to homoeothermic animals. Here we used phylogenetic comparative analyses to test the impact of seasonality on brain evolution across 30 species of anurans (frogs) experiencing a wide range of temperature and precipitation. Our results support the EBF because relative brain size and the size of the optic tectum were negatively correlated with variability in temperature. In contrast, we found no association between the variability in precipitation and the length of the dry season with either brain size or the sizes of other major brain regions. We suggest that seasonality-induced food scarcity resulting from higher variability in temperature constrains brain size evolution in anurans. Less seasonal environments may therefore facilitate the evolution of larger brains in poikilothermic animals.
Higher Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Increased the Risk of Sarcopenia in the Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Liaw Fang-Yih , Huang Ching-Fu , Chen Wei-Liang , Wu Li-Wei , Peng Tao-Chun , Chang Yaw-Wen , Kao Tung-Wei
Published: November 2017

The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) has been extensively studied in oncologic diseases. However, the correlation between PLR and sarcopenia remains unknown. In this cross-sectional analysis, we enrolled 3,671 non-institutionalized individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (1988–1994) aged ≥60 years and whose complete blood counts (CBCs), body composition measurements, and related demographic information was available. Skeletal muscle mass was assessed using a previously published equation (including age, sex, height, and bioelectrical impedance analysis). PLR values were estimated based on laboratory data. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses, quartile-based stratified odds ratio comparisons, and trend tests were performed. Elevations in serum PLR values were significantly associated with sarcopenia status and negatively associated with skeletal muscle index. After additionally adjusting for other covariates, the significant negative correlation remained; moreover, participants with highest serum PLR values (≥155) had 2.36 times greater risk of sarcopenia than those with lowest PLR values (<90; odds ratio (OR) = 2.36; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21–3.31; p < 0.01). Higher PLR levels are associated with a greater risk of sarcopenia in geriatric populations. Thus, PLR as an inexpensive and easily measurable parameter can be considered as an inflammatory biomarker for sarcopenia.
The mitochondrial genome of the wolfberry fruit fly, Neoceratitis asiatica (Becker) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the phylogeny of Neoceratitis Hendel genus
Authors: Su Yun , Zhang Yue , Feng Shiqian , He Jia , Zhao Zihua , Bai Zhenzhen , Liu Lijun , Zhang Rong , Li Zhihong
Published: November 2017

Neoceratitis asiatica (Becker) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the most important fruit pestsof wolfberry which is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb. We characterized the complete mitochondrial genome of N. asiatica and described its organization in this study. This mitogenome had a total length of 15,481 bp, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and a non-coding region (A + T-rich control region). The overall base composition of N. asiatica in descending order was 40.6% A, 8.5% G, 38.4% T and 12.6% C. The phylogenetic relationships shows that Ceratitis capitata and N. asiatica may be sister taxa. This is the first report of the complete mitochondrial genome of a member of the Neoceratitis Genus and the complete mitochondrial genome sequence may provide useful information for phylogenetic analysis and studies between the genera Ceratitis and Neoceratitis.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in naïve human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Jacobs Eva Z. , Warrier Sharat , Volders Pieter-Jan , D’haene Eva , Van Lombergen Eva , Vantomme Lies , Van der Jeught Margot , Heindryckx Björn , Menten Björn , Vergult Sarah
Published: November 2017

The combination of genome-edited human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and subsequent neural differentiation is a powerful tool to study neurodevelopmental disorders. Since the naïve state of pluripotency has favourable characteristics for efficient genome-editing, we optimized a workflow for the CRISPR/Cas9 system in these naïve stem cells. Editing efficiencies of respectively 1.3–8.4% and 3.8–19% were generated with the Cas9 nuclease and the D10A Cas9 nickase mutant. Next to this, wildtype and genome-edited naïve hESCs were successfully differentiated to neural progenitor cells. As a proof-of-principle of our workflow, two monoclonal genome-edited naïve hESCs colonies were obtained for TUNA, a long non-coding RNA involved in pluripotency and neural differentiation. In these genome-edited hESCs, an effect was seen on expression of TUNA, although not on neural differentiation potential. In conclusion, we optimized a genome-editing workflow in naïve hESCs that can be used to study candidate genes involved in neural differentiation and/or functioning.
Predictors of Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence after Catheter Ablation: Data from the German Ablation Registry
Authors: Sultan A. , Lüker J. , Andresen D. , Kuck K. H. , Hoffmann E. , Brachmann J. , Hochadel M. , Willems S. , Eckardt L. , Lewalter T. , Senges J. , Steven D.
Published: November 2017

Catheter ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) has emerged as a widespread first or second line treatment option. However, up to 45% of patients (pts) show recurrence of AF within 12 month after CA. We present prospective multicenter registry data comparing characteristics of pts with and without recurrence of AF within the first year after CA. This study comprises all pts with complete follow-up one year after CA (1-y-FU; n = 3679). During 1y-FU in 1687 (45.9%) pts recurrence of AF occurred. The multivariate analysis revealed female sex and AF type prior to the procedure as predictors for AF recurrence. Furthermore, comorbidities such as valvular heart disease and renal failure as well as an early AF relapse were also predictors of AF recurrence during 1-y-FU. However, despite an AF recurrence rate of 45.9%, the majority of these pts (72.4%) reported a significant alleviation of clinical symptoms. In conclusion in pts with initially successful CA for AF female sex, AF type, in-hospital AF relapse and comorbidities such as renal failure and valvular heart disease are independent predictors for AF recurrence during 1-y-FU. However, the majority of pts deemed their interventions as successful with significant reduction of symptoms irrespective of AF.
Alleviation of adverse effects of drought stress on wheat seed germination using atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment
Authors: Guo Qiao , Wang Ying , Zhang Haoran , Qu Guangzhou , Wang Tiecheng , Sun Qiuhong , Liang Dongli
Published: November 2017

Atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) was attempted to improve the resistance of wheat seed to drought stress. Effects of DBD plasma on wheat seed germination, seedling growth, osmotic-adjustment products, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzyme activity, abscisic acid, and drought resistant related genes expression under drought stress were investigated. The changes of the wheat seed coat before and after the DBD plasma treatment were explored. Experimental results showed that the DBD plasma treatment could alleviate the adverse effects of drought stress on wheat seed germination and seedling growth; the germination potential and germination rate increased by 27.2% and 27.6%, and the root length and shoot length of the wheat seedlings also increased. Proline and soluble sugar levels under drought stress were improved after the DBD plasma treatment, whereas the malondialdehyde content decreased. ROS contents under drought stress were reduced after the DBD plasma treatment, whereas the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase were promoted. DBD plasma treatment promoted abscisic acid generation in wheat seedlings, and it also regulated functional gene LEA1 and stimulated regulation genes SnRK2 and P5CS to resist drought stress. Etching effect and surface modification occurred on the seed coat after the DBD plasma treatment.
Chemical Changes in Layered Ferroelectric Semiconductors Induced by Helium Ion Beam
Authors: Belianinov Alex , Burch Matthew J. , Hysmith Holland E. , Ievlev Anton V. , Iberi Vighter , Susner Michael A. , McGuire Michael A. , Maksymovych Peter , Chyasnavichyus Marius , Jesse Stephen , Ovchinnikova Olga S.
Published: November 2017

Multi-material systems interfaced with 2D materials, or entirely new 3D heterostructures can lead to the next generation multi-functional device architectures. Physical and chemical control at the nanoscale is also necessary tailor these materials as functional structures approach physical limit. 2D transition metal thiophosphates (TPS), with a general formulae Cu1−xIn1+x/3P2S6, have shown ferroelectric polarization behavior with a T
c
above the room temperature, making them attractive candidates for designing both: chemical and physical properties. Our previous studies have demonstrated that ferroic order persists on the surface, and that spinoidal decomposition of ferroelectric and paraelectric phases occurs in non-stoichiometric Cu/In ratio formulations. Here, we discuss the chemical changes induced by helium ion irradiation. We explore the TPS compound library with varying Cu/In ratio, using Helium Ion Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and Time of Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). We correlate physical nano- and micro- structures to the helium ion dose, as well as chemical signatures of copper, oxygen and sulfur. Our ToF-SIMS results show that He ion irradiation leads to oxygen penetration into the irradiated areas, and diffuses along the Cu-rich domains to the extent of the stopping distance of the helium ions.
Transcriptomics reveal an integrative role for maternal thyroid hormones during zebrafish embryogenesis
Authors: Silva Nadia , Louro Bruno , Trindade Marlene , Power Deborah M. , Campinho Marco A.
Published: November 2017

Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential for embryonic brain development but the genetic mechanisms involved in the action of maternal THs (MTHs) are still largely unknown. As the basis for understanding the underlying genetic mechanisms of MTHs regulation we used an established zebrafish monocarboxylic acid transporter 8 (MCT8) knock-down model and characterised the transcriptome in 25hpf zebrafish embryos. Subsequent mapping of differentially expressed genes using Reactome pathway analysis together with in situ expression analysis and immunohistochemistry revealed the genetic networks and cells under MTHs regulation during zebrafish embryogenesis. We found 4,343 differentially expressed genes and the Reactome pathway analysis revealed that TH is involved in 1681 of these pathways. MTHs regulated the expression of core developmental pathways, such as NOTCH and WNT in a cell specific context. The cellular distribution of neural MTH-target genes demonstrated their cell specific action on neural stem cells and differentiated neuron classes. Taken together our data show that MTHs have a role in zebrafish neurogenesis and suggest they may be involved in cross talk between key pathways in neural development. Given that the observed MCT8 zebrafish knockdown phenotype resembles the symptoms in human patients with Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome our data open a window into understanding the genetics of this human congenital condition.
Impact-related microspherules in Late Pleistocene Alaskan and Yukon “muck” deposits signify recurrent episodes of catastrophic emplacement
Authors: Hagstrum Jonathan T. , Firestone Richard B. , West Allen , Weaver James C. , Bunch Ted E.
Published: November 2017

Large quantities of impact-related microspherules have been found in fine-grained sediments retained within seven out of nine, radiocarbon-dated, Late Pleistocene mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) and bison (Bison priscus) skull fragments. The well-preserved fossils were recovered from frozen “muck” deposits (organic-rich silt) exposed within the Fairbanks and Klondike mining districts of Alaska, USA, and the Yukon Territory, Canada. In addition, elevated platinum abundances were found in sediment analysed from three out of four fossil skulls. In view of this new evidence, the mucks and their well-preserved but highly disrupted and damaged vertebrate and botanical remains are reinterpreted in part as blast deposits that resulted from several episodes of airbursts and ground/ice impacts within the northern hemisphere during Late Pleistocene time (~46–11 ka B.P.). Such a scenario might be explained by encounters with cometary debris in Earth-crossing orbits (Taurid Complex) that was generated by fragmentation of a large short-period comet within the inner Solar System.
Tailoring magnetic properties of multicomponent layered structure via current annealing in FePd thin films
Authors: Cialone Matteo , Celegato Federica , Coïsson Marco , Barrera Gabriele , Fiore Gianluca , Shvab Ruslan , Klement Uta , Rizzi Paola , Tiberto Paola
Published: November 2017

Multicomponent layered systems with tailored magnetic properties were fabricated via current annealing from homogeneous Fe67Pd33 thin films, deposited via radio frequency sputtering on Si/SiO2 substrates from composite target. To promote spontaneous nano-structuring and phase separation, selected samples were subjected to current annealing in vacuum, with a controlled oxygen pressure, using various current densities for a fixed time and, as a consequence, different phases and microstructures were obtained. In particular, the formation of magnetite in different amount was observed beside other iron oxides and metallic phases. Microstructures and magnetic properties evolution as a function of annealing current were studied and interpreted with different techniques. Moreover, the temperature profile across the film thickness was modelled and its role in the selective oxidation of iron was analysed. Results show that is possible to topologically control the phases formation across the film thickness and simultaneously tailor the magnetic properties of the system.
Kif1bp loss in mice leads to defects in the peripheral and central nervous system and perinatal death
Authors: Hirst Caroline S. , Stamp Lincon A. , Bergner Annette J. , Hao Marlene M. , Tran Mai X. , Morgan Jan M. , Dutschmann Matthias , Allen Andrew M. , Paxinos George , Furlong Teri M. , McKeown Sonja J. , Young Heather M.
Published: November 2017

Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome is a poorly understood condition characterized by learning difficulties, facial dysmorphism, microcephaly, and Hirschsprung disease. GOSHS is due to recessive mutations in KIAA1279, which encodes kinesin family member 1 binding protein (KIF1BP, also known as KBP). We examined the effects of inactivation of Kif1bp in mice. Mice lacking Kif1bp died shortly after birth, and exhibited smaller brains, olfactory bulbs and anterior commissures, and defects in the vagal and sympathetic innervation of the gut. Kif1bp was found to interact with Ret to regulate the development of the vagal innervation of the stomach. Although newborn Kif1bp−/− mice had neurons along the entire bowel, the colonization of the gut by neural crest-derived cells was delayed. The data show an essential in vivo role for KIF1BP in axon extension from some neurons, and the reduced size of the olfactory bulb also suggests additional roles for KIF1BP. Our mouse model provides a valuable resource to understand GOSHS.
Precise optical modeling of quantum dots for white light-emitting diodes
Authors: Xie Bin , Cheng Yanhua , Hao Junjie , Shu Weicheng , Wang Kai , Luo Xiaobing
Published: November 2017

Quantum dots (QDs)-based white light-emitting diodes (QDs-WLEDs) have been attracting numerous attentions in lighting and flat panel display applications, by virtue of their high luminous efficacy and excellent color rendering ability. However, QDs’ key optical parameters including scattering, absorption and anisotropy coefficients for optical modeling are still unclear, which are severely against the design and optimization of QDs-WLEDs. In this work, we proposed a new precise optical modeling approach towards QDs. Optical properties of QDs-polymer film were obtained for the first time, by combining double integrating sphere (DIS) system measurement with inverse adding doubling (IAD) algorithm calculation. The measured results show that the typical scattering, absorption and anisotropy coefficients of red emissive QDs are 2.9382 mm−1, 3.7000 mm−1 and 0.4918 for blue light, respectively, and 1.2490 mm−1, 0.6062 mm−1 and 0.5038 for red light, respectively. A Monte-Carlo ray-tracing model was set-up for validation. With a maximum deviation of 1.16%, the simulated values quantitatively agree with the experimental results. Therefore, our approach provides an effective way for optical properties measurement and precise optical modeling of QDs for QDs-WLEDs.
An Idealized Method of Simulating Residual Ionospheric Errors in Radio Occultation
Authors: Fan Zhiqiang , Sheng Zheng , Guo Peng , Shi Hanqing
Published: November 2017

An idealized model is used to simulate radio occultation bending angles and residual ionospheric errors. The test results of the proposed simulation method agree with those of previous studies that use end-to-end simulation tools. Also, a new residual ionospheric error model proposed by Healy and Culverwell (2015) is verified in this letter by characterizing the key parameter, κ. A simple model, κ(a) = A − B × (a − 20)/60, is used to estimate the values of κ, where A and B are constants that indicate the magnitude and variation of the values of κ, respectively, and a represents the impact height. When the modelled values of κ are applied in performing ionospheric corrections, the residual ionospheric errors decrease from approximately 5 × 10−8 rad to 1 × 10−9 rad at a latitude of 40°N during the daytime and at a solar activity level of F10.7 = 210. Though the proposed model does not assess other error terms, such as those associated with asymmetry and noise, it will likely prove to be an effective tool for describing idealized residual ionospheric errors in radio occultation, and the features of the κ values identified in this study may be helpful in improving ionospheric correction methods.
Effect of Src Kinase inhibition on Cytochrome c, Smac/DIABLO and Apoptosis Inducing Factor (AIF) Following Cerebral Hypoxia-Ischemia in Newborn Piglets
Authors: Kratimenos Panagiotis , Koutroulis Ioannis , Agarwal Beamon , Theocharis Stamatios , Delivoria-Papadopoulos Maria
Published: November 2017

We have previously shown that cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) results in activation of Src kinase in the newborn piglet brain. We investigated the regulatory mechanism by which the pre-apoptotic proteins translocate from mitochondria to the cytosol during HI through the Src kinase. Newborn piglets were divided into 3 groups (n = 5/group): normoxic (Nx), HI and HI pre-treated with Src kinase inhibitor PP2 (PP2 + HI). Brain tissue HI was verified by neuropathological analysis and by Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and Phosphocreatine (PCr) levels. We used western blots, immunohistochemistry, H&E and biochemical enzyme assays to determine the role of Src kinase on mitochondrial membrane apoptotic protein trafficking. HI resulted in decreased ATP and PCr levels, neuropathological changes and increased levels of cytochrome c, Smac/DIABLO and AIF in the cytosol while their levels were decreased in mitochondria compared to Nx. PP2 decreased the cytosolic levels of pre-apoptotic proteins, attenuated the neuropathological changes and apoptosis and decreased the HI-induced increased activity of caspase-3. Our data suggest that Src kinase may represent a potential target that could interrupt the enzymatic activation of the caspase dependent cell death pathway.
CRISPR/Cas9-assisted gRNA-free one-step genome editing with no sequence limitations and improved targeting efficiency
Authors: Zhao Dongdong , Feng Xu , Zhu Xinna , Wu Tao , Zhang Xueli , Bi Changhao
Published: November 2017

The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a powerful, revolutionary tool for genome editing. However, it is not without limitations. There are PAM-free and CRISPR-tolerant regions that cannot be modified by the standard CRISPR/Cas9 system, and off-target activity impedes its broader applications. To avoid these drawbacks, we developed a very simple CRISPR/Cas9-assisted gRNA-free one-step (CAGO) genome editing technique which does not require the construction of a plasmid to express a specific gRNA. Instead, a universal N20 sequence with a very high targeting efficiency is inserted into the E. coli chromosome by homologous recombination, which in turn undergoes a double-stranded break by CRISPR/Cas9 and induces an intra-chromosomal recombination event to accomplish the editing process. This technique was shown to be able to edit PAM-free and CRISPR-tolerant regions with no off-target effects in Escherichia coli. When applied to multi-locus editing, CAGO was able to modify one locus in two days with a near 100% editing efficiency. Furthermore, modified CAGO was used to edit large regions of up to 100 kbp with at least 75% efficiency. Finally, genome editing by CAGO only requires a transformation procedure and the construction of a linear donor DNA cassette, which was further simplified by applying a modular design strategy. Although the technique was established in E. coli, it should be applicable to other organisms with only minor modifications.
A Novel Human Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Model in Humanised Mice
Authors: Gunawan Merry , Her Zhisheng , Liu Min , Tan Sue Yee , Chan Xue Ying , Tan Wilson Wei Sheng , Dharmaraaja Shubasree , Fan Yong , Ong Chee Bing , Loh Eva , Chang Kenneth Tou En , Tan Thiam Chye , Chan Jerry Kok Yen , Chen Qingfeng
Published: November 2017

Mouse models have contributed to the bulk of knowledge on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Nevertheless, substantial differences exist between human and mouse immune system. We aimed to establish and characterise a SLE model mediated by human immune system. Injection of pristane into immunodeficient mice reconstituted with human immune system (humanised mice) recapitulated key SLE features, including: production of human anti-nuclear autoantibodies, lupus nephritis, and pulmonary serositis. There was a reduction in the number of human lymphocytes in peripheral blood, resembling lymphopenia in SLE patients. Concurrently, B cells and T cells were systemically hyperactivated, with a relative expansion of CD27+ and CD27−IgD− memory B cells, increased number of plasmablasts/plasma cells, and accumulation of effector memory T cells. There was also an increased production of human pro-inflammatory cytokines, including: IFN-γ, IL-8, IL-18, MCP-1, and IL-6, suggesting their role in SLE pathogenesis. Increased expression of type I IFN signature genes was also found in human hepatocytes. Altogether, we showed an SLE model that was mediated by human immune system, and which recapitulated key clinical and immunological SLE features. The advancements of humanised mice SLE model would provide an in vivo platform to facilitate translational studies and pre-clinical evaluations of human-specific mechanisms and immunotherapies.
PGC-1alpha levels correlate with survival in patients with stage III NSCLC and may define a new biomarker to metabolism-targeted therapy
Authors: Cruz-Bermúdez Alberto , Vicente-Blanco Ramiro J. , Laza-Briviesca Raquel , García-Grande Aránzazu , Laine-Menéndez Sara , Gutiérrez Lourdes , Calvo Virginia , Romero Atocha , Martín-Acosta Paloma , García José Miguel , Provencio Mariano
Published: November 2017

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with one-third diagnosed with locally advanced (stage III) disease. Preoperative induction chemo-radiotherapy is key for the treatment of these patients, however conventional cisplatin based approaches has apparently reached a plateau of effectiveness. In the search for new therapies, the targeting of tumor metabolism is revealed as an interesting option to improve the patient’s responses. Here we describe the importance of PGC-1alpha and GAPDH/MT-CO1 ratio levels as surrogates of the Warburg effect from a series of 28 stage III NSCLC patients, on PFS, OS and PET uptake. Moreover, our results show a great variability between tumors of different individuals, ranging from very glycolytic to more OXPHOS-dependent tumors, which compromises the success of therapies directed to metabolism. In this sense, using 3 different cell lines, we describe the relevance of Warburg effect on the response to metabolism-targeted therapies. Specifically, we show that the inhibitory effect of metformin on cell viability depends on cell’s dependence on the OXPHOS system. The results on cell lines, together with the results of PGC-1alpha and GAPDH/MT-CO1 as biomarkers on patient’s biopsies, would point out what type of patients would benefit more from the use of these drugs.
Clinical Application of Artificial Ascites in assisting CT-guided Percutaneous Cryoablation of Hepatic Tumors Adjacent to the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Li Bing , Liu Chuan , Xu Xiao-Xue , Li Yang , Du Yong , Zhang Chuan , Zheng Hou-Jun , Yang Han-Feng
Published: November 2017

This study was to assess the safety and efficacy of artificial ascitetes in assisting CT-guided cryoablation of hepatic tumors adjacent to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. A total of 84 patients with peripheral hepatic tumors adjacent to the GI tract, who were treated cryoablation, were included in this retrospective study. Of these 84 patients, cryoablation had been performed in 39 patients with 41 peripheral hepatic tumors. These were assisted by induction artificial ascites while 40 patients with 43 peripheral hepatic tumors underwent cryoablation without induction of ascites. The artificial ascites separation success rate, the cryoablation technique effectiveness, local tumor progression and complications were all evaluated. The results showed that the artificial ascites separation success rate for 41 hepatic tumors adjacent to the GI tract was 95% (39/41). Technique effectiveness of group I was achieved in 35 of 43 tumors (81.3%) after follow-up imaging three months after cryoablation. In group II, technique effectiveness was achieved in 39 of 41 tumors after follow-up imaging three months following cryoablation. No major complications were encountered in either of the two groups. Artificial ascites assisting in CT-guided percutaneous cryoablation is a reliable and effective method for the treatment of hepatic tumors adjacent to the GI tract, and it can achieve a fine local control of such tumors.
On-chip conductometric detection of short DNA sequences via electro-hydrodynamic aggregation
Authors: Venzac B. , Diakité M. L. , Herthnek D. , Cissé I. , Bockelmann U. , Descroix S. , Malaquin L. , Viovy J.-L.
Published: November 2017

Label-free, conductometric detection of isothermally amplified bacterial DNA was performed in a portable microfluidic system thanks to electro-hydrodynamic aggregation.
Simple and rapid detection of bacteria using a nuclease-responsive DNA probe
Authors: Lee Kyung Jin , Lee Wang Sik , Hwang Ahreum , Moon Jeong , Kang Taejoon , Park Kyoungsook , Jeong Jinyoung
Published: November 2017

We demonstrate simple and rapid bacterial detection using a nuclease-responsive DNA probe.
An ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescent d-alanine biosensor based on the synergetic catalysis of a hemin-functionalized composite and gold–platinum nanowires
Authors: Lin Xia , Zhu Shu , Xia Qiao , Ma Jiao , Fu Yingzi
Published: November 2017

Herein, an ultrasensitive and stereo-selective electrochemiluminescent (ECL) biosensor based on ECL signal amplification of luminol by the synergetic catalysis of a hemin-functionalized composite and gold–platinum nanowires (Au-PtNWs) has been designed for the detection of d-alanine (d-Ala).
Au70S20(PPh3)12: an intermediate sized metalloid gold cluster stabilized by the Au4S4 ring motif and Au-PPh3 groups
Authors: Kenzler Sebastian , Schrenk Claudio , Frojd Andrew R. , Häkkinen Hannu , Clayborne Andre Z. , Schnepf Andreas
Published: November 2017

Reducing (Ph3P)AuSC(SiMe3)3 with l-Selectride® gives the medium-sized metalloid gold cluster Au70S20(PPh3)12.
Fluorescence detection and removal of copper from water using a biobased and biodegradable 2D soft material
Authors: Li Meng , Liu Zhijiang , Wang Shuwen , Calatayud David G. , Zhu Wei-Hong , James Tony D. , Wang Lidong , Mao Boyang , Xiao Hui-Ning
Published: November 2017

We have developed a green and robust fluorogenic (λex = 410 nm, λem = 510 nm) cellulose membrane using graphene oxide (GO) as a construct for simultaneous copper ion recognition and filtration at environmentally relevant levels.
Escape of anions from geminate recombination in THF due to charge delocalization
Authors: Chen Hung-Cheng , Cook Andrew R. , Asaoka Sadayuki , Boschen Jeffery S. , Windus Theresa L. , Miller John R.
Published: November 2017

Geminate recombination of 24 radical anions (M˙−) with solvated protons (RH2+) was studied in tetrahydrofuran (THF) with pulse radiolysis.
Nonadiabatic rotational states of the hydrogen molecule
Authors: Pachucki Krzysztof , Komasa Jacek
Published: November 2017

A new method of solving the Schrödinger equation to a high accuracy for a four-body system with Coulomb interactions using exponential wave functions.
Electron and excitation energy transfers in covalently linked donor–acceptor dyads: mechanisms and dynamics revealed using quantum chemistry
Authors: Cupellini Lorenzo , Giannini Samuele , Mennucci Benedetta
Published: November 2017

A quantum chemical strategy is developed to study photoinduced electron and energy transfer processes in covalently linked dyads. The strategy is applied to two zinc and free-based porphyrin–naphthalenediimide dyads in solution.
State-to-state mode specificity in H + DOH(νOH = 1) → HD + OH(ν2 = 0) reaction: vibrational non-adiabaticity or local-mode excitation?
Authors: Zhao Bin , Sun Zhigang , Guo Hua
Published: November 2017

State-of-the-art full dimensional state-to-state quantum dynamics reveal a startling observation in which the DOH(νOH = 1) molecule reacts with a H atom to produce a vibrationless OH product. This interesting observation is attributed to a small OD excited local-mode component in the reactant wavefunction.
Bio-based acrylic acid from sugar via propylene glycol and allyl alcohol
Authors: Pramod C. V. , Fauziah R. , Seshan K. , Lange J.-P.
Published: November 2017

Propylene glycol is converted to acrylic acid via dehydration to allyl alcohol. A process flow scheme is proposed, based on distillation resistance.
Weakened CO adsorption and enhanced structural integrity of a stabilized Pt skin/PtCo hydrogen oxidation catalyst analysed by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Shi Guoyu , Yano Hiroshi , Tryk Donald A. , Matsumoto Masashi , Tanida Hajime , Arao Masazumi , Imai Hideto , Inukai Junji , Iiyama Akihiro , Uchida Hiroyuki
Published: November 2017

In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy has afforded a detailed structural and electronic characterization of a newly developed stabilized Pt-skin/PtCo alloy nanoparticle catalyst for CO-tolerant H2 oxidation.
α-Oxidative decarboxylation of fatty acids catalysed by cytochrome P450 peroxygenases yielding shorter-alkyl-chain fatty acids
Authors: Onoda Hiroki , Shoji Osami , Suzuki Kazuto , Sugimoto Hiroshi , Shiro Yoshitsugu , Watanabe Yoshihito
Published: November 2017

Shorter-alkyl-chain fatty acids such as tridecanoic acid or lauric acid were produced from myristic acid by CYP152 peroxygenases.
The remarkable influence of N,O-ligands in the assembly of a bis-calix[4]arene-supported [MnIV2MnIII10MnII8] cluster
Authors: Coletta Marco , Sanz Sergio , McCormick Laura J. , Teat Simon J. , Brechin Euan K. , Dalgarno Scott J.
Published: November 2017

Bis-calix[4]arene is a highly versatile ligand that is capable of forming a range of polymetallic clusters. Use of an N,O-chelating co-ligand affords a very high nuclearity mixed-valence Mn cluster (shown here) that displays coordination modes relative to each ligand type.
One-pot synthesis of g-C3N4-doped amine-rich porous organic polymer for chlorophenol removal
Authors: Ou Haijian , Zhang Weijun , Yang Xiaofang , Cheng Qingrong , Liao Guiying , Xia Hua , Wang Dongsheng
Published: November 2017

g-C3N4 was used as a supporting skeleton for an RAPOP, which had an excellent porous spatial structure and displayed excellent adsorption performance towards 2,4-DCP.
Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of anthocyanins extract from black soybean seed coat in high fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Authors: Chen Zhongqin , Wang Cong , Pan Yuxiang , Gao Xudong , Chen Haixia
Published: November 2017

This study demonstrated the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of anthocyanins extract from black soybeanin vitroandin vivo.
Mechanistic studies of base-catalysed lignin depolymerisation in dimethyl carbonate
Authors: Dabral Saumya , Engel Julien , Mottweiler Jakob , Spoehrle Stephanie S. M. , Lahive Ciaran W. , Bolm Carsten
Published: November 2017

Various analytical techniques and DFT calculations have been applied in studying base-catalysed lignin degradation in dimethyl carbonate.
Comparison of interference in chemical, electrochemical and UV-photochemical generation methods of volatile Se species
Authors: Nováková E. , Rybínová M. , Hraníček J. , Rychlovský P. , Červený V.
Published: November 2017

We present a comparison of interference in three methods of generation of volatile Se species to compare their performance with regard to matrix effects.
Synthesis of NiTiO3–Bi2MoO6 core–shell fiber-shaped heterojunctions as efficient and easily recyclable photocatalysts
Authors: Jin Yuming , Shen Xiaofeng , Liu Zixiao , Wang Zhaojie , Zhu Bo , Xu Pengfei , Luo Li , Zhang Lisha
Published: November 2017

NiTiO3–Bi2MoO6 core–shell fiber-shaped heterojunctions have been prepared, and they can be used as efficient and easily recyclable photocatalysts for environmental remediation.
Temporal multi-sensor system for voltammetric recognition ofl- andd-tryptophan enantiomers based on generalized principal component analysis
Authors: Nigmatullin R. R. , Budnikov H. C. , Khamzin A. A. , Sidelnikov A. V. , Maksyutova E. I.
Published: November 2017

The results of a quantitative reading of the cyclic voltammetry behavior of the tryptophan (Trp) enantiomers deposited on an electrochemically activated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) are presented.
An Fe(ii) metal–organic framework as a visible responsive photo-Fenton catalyst for the degradation of organophosphates
Authors: Li Wen-Juan , Li Yue , Ning Di , Liu Qiao , Chang Lan , Ruan Wen-Juan
Published: November 2017

An Fe(ii) MOF with micro-sized particles was developed as a visible responsive photo-Fenton catalyst to degrade organophosphates, and the mechanism was investigated.
Multiple polarization states in symmetric ferroelectric heterostructures for multi-bit non-volatile memories
Authors: Boni Georgia A. , Filip Lucian D. , Chirila Cristina , Pasuk Iuliana , Negrea Raluca , Pintilie Ioana , Pintilie Lucian
Published: November 2017

Individually accessible polarization states in multilayer ferroelectric-insulator structures for multi-bit memories.
Thiolated DNA-templated silver nanoclusters with strong fluorescence emission and a long shelf-life
Authors: Zhang Xiaohong , Qian Yunxia , Ma Xuejuan , Xia Mengfan , Li Shuangqin , Zhang Yaodong
Published: November 2017

The combination of different functional groups in thiolated DNA resulted in high quantum yields and long shelf-lives of silver nanoclusters.
Mapping piezoelectric response in nanomaterials using a dedicated non-destructive scanning probe technique
Authors: Calahorra Yonatan , Smith Michael , Datta Anuja , Benisty Hadas , Kar-Narayan Sohini
Published: November 2017

A non-destructive piezo-response force microscopy (PFM) technique is presented for mapping piezoelectricity in nanoscale systems previously inaccessible by conventional PFM.
A hyperbranched amphiphilic acetal polymer for pH-sensitive drug delivery
Authors: Cao Hongliang , Chen Chao , Xie Debiao , Chen Xin , Wang Ping , Wang Yibing , Song Huajie , Wang Wenxin
Published: November 2017

In this study, a novel hyperbranched amphiphilic block copolymer was synthesized using deactivation-enhanced atom transfer radical polymerization (DE-ATRP) for smart drug delivery.