bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Factors Affecting the Success of Beef Cattle Artificial Insemination (AI) in Jepon District, Blora Regency
Authors: Musriati  , Setiadi Agus , Samsudewa Daud
Published: July 2024

This study aims to investigate the factors that influence the success of artificial insemination, the effect of successful artificial insemination on livestock rearing, and the income of beef cattle farmers in Palon Village, Jepon District, Blora Regency. The research method is quantitative descriptive with a survey approach. Primary data were obtained through direct observations, interviews, and questionnaires with beef cattle farmers in Palon Village and inseminators of the Food, Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries Office (DP4) of Blora Regency, while secondary data were obtained from DP4 and the Statistics Indonesia (BPS) of Blora Regency. Multiple linear regression and beef cattle farming analysis were used in this study. The findings show that the number of repeat breeding cases in Palon Village remains significantly high. Several factors were identified as influencing the success of artificial insemination, including female livestock characteristics, thawing and handling semen, breeder conditions, and inseminators’ skills and attitudes. Livestock health, administration of anthelmintics and vitamins, rectal palpation examination, body condition score, age of the breeder, feed, and the origin or breed of the livestock are all important characteristics of female livestock. The handling and thawing of semen were discovered to be critical factors influencing the type of straw used. Farmer conditions, which include age, education level, length of time involved in beef cattle farming, basic livelihood, and the number of owners, also play a role. Age, experience in the field, and the extent of training received were discovered to influence the success of artificial insemination. Repeated mating contributes to increased maintenance costs and the costs associated with artificial insemination in beef cattle.
The Effect of Fresh Drink Marketing Mix Strategy “Somano” on Consumer Behavior in Surabaya City
Authors: Kodariawan R , Huda S , Winarno S T , Hendrarini H
Published: July 2024

Mangroves can be exploited economically to provide fresh drinks with health benefits in addition to their ecological advantages. A common method to beat the competition in running a business is to use the marketing mix. The goal of this study was to examine how the marketing mix strategy for the fresh beverage brand “Somano,” whose primary ingredient is mangrove fruit, affected consumer satisfaction. 100 visitors to Surabaya’s Gununganyar mangrove forest served as the study’s sample, and SEM PLS 6.0 was utilized to evaluate the data. The study’s findings suggest that the four pillars of the marketing mix—product, price, place, and promotion—have a positive and noticeable impact on consumer behavior.
Farming performance and evaluation of the adoption of robusta coffee cultivation based on geographical indication in candiroto district temanggung regency
Authors: Anggoro T. R. , Fadillah S. N. , Prayoga K.
Published: July 2024

The Geographical Indication Protection Society (MPIG) aims to maintain the uniqueness of coffee commodities in Temanggung Regency by implementing predetermined standardization. The purpose of this study is to analyze the farm performance of Robusta coffee based on geographical indication and evaluate the level of farmer adoption. The research was conducted using a case study method on coffee farmers who are members of MPIG in Candiroto district and an R/C ratio analysis to illustrate how high the benefits received by farmers are in terms of acceptance if they apply geographical indication SOP. The results show that the R/C ratio of farmers who apply geographical indication SOP obtained a value of 2.50. The level of farmer adoption of geographical indication SOP in the cultivation and harvesting stages is considered high, while in the post-harvest stage, only the dry processing process has a high adoption rate. Suggestions that can be given from this research are that MPIG, as an organization that introduces geographical indication SOP, should be more persuasive in providing education to farmers about the benefits they receive if they apply geographical indication SOP. SOPs that are not relevant for farmers should be adjusted so that the level of farmer participation and adoption becomes high.
Comparative Efficiency Analysis of Organic and Conventional Melon Farming
Authors: Suhita C P , Setyaningrum D , Dewanti R P , Wikanditha K
Published: July 2024

Globally, the impact of chemical fertilizer usage in agricultural cultivation techniques is increased production. This phenomenon leads to a dependence on its usage among farmers. However, the current situation in Indonesia is experiencing a scarcity of chemical fertilizers, resulting in high prices. One effort to improve this situation is through organic farming. Organic farming is a method that emphasizes the principles of natural ecosystems in the production process while yielding high-quality products. One approach to achieving organic farming is the use of organic fertilizers. This article uses a system literature review method regarding organic and conventional melon agribusiness. This article discusses the efficiency of organic and conventional melon farming from an environmental, human health, and economic perspective. Indonesian statistical data from 2021 indicates a 6.54% decrease in melon production, amounting to 129,147 tons. This decline is caused by the potential yield of melon varieties in Indonesia, ranging from only 36 to 43.91 tons per hectare, with fluctuating results. The issue of melon production in Indonesia is attributed to cultivation techniques reliant on chemical substances such as chemical fertilizers. Melon cultivation that adopts organic farming practices demonstrates that a 10% increase in organic fertilizer usage can lead to a 4.2% increase in melon production. The result indicates that organic melon farming is more efficient and profitable for farmers due to its higher market value.
The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on staple food prices in Semarang
Authors: Dewanti R P , Paryanto E , Rahayu W , Rachmadhan A A
Published: July 2024

Staple food must be available in sufficient quantities at affordable prices. However, the Covid-19 pandemic caused restrictions on community access and disrupted food distribution. As one of the most affected cities, Semarang is faced the threat of the rise of food prices due to the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to analyze the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on staple food prices in Semarang. The focus commodities of this research are: (1) rice, (2) white sugar, (3) palm oil, (4) chicken eggs, (5) chicken meat, (6) beef. This study uses weekly time series data which is divided into two periods; the period before the Covid-19 pandemic (2018-2019) and during the Covid-19 pandemic (2020-2021). Data analysis performed using the ANOVA method; where the price difference shows the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on food prices. Data analysis was performed using the ANOVA method; where the price difference shows the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on food prices. The results show that the Covid-19 pandemic has a significant impact on the changes of staple food prices in Semarang for commodities: (1) rice, (2) white sugar, (3) palm oil, (4) chicken meat, and (5) beef.
Factors Affecting The Income of PE Kaligesing Goat Farming in Kaligesing District Purworejo Regency
Authors: Handayani M , Darwanto D H , Jamhari
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study was to analyze the income of goat farming and the factors affecting the income of PE Kaligesing goat farming. These factors are the cost of forage, the number of goat sold, experience in farming and the number of goat owned. This research was conducted in Kaligesing District, Purworejo Regency. Research using survey method. Respondents are PE Kaligesing goat farmer’s. Collecting data using interview techniques. Data analysis used quantitative descriptive analysis. Quantitative analysis using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the characteristics of the respondents were that 80% of the respondents were of productive age, 73.33% of the respondents’ education was secondary education and the average owner of 14 goats. An average production cost of IDR 10,672,862/year/14 heads, an average revenue of IDR 27,322,600/year/14 heads and an average income of IDR 16,649,738/year/14 heads. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the cost of forage and the number of goat sold had a very significant effect (p<0.01) on the income of Kaligesing PE goat farming, while the experience in farming and the number of goat owned had no effect (p>0.05) on the income of PE Kaligesing goat farming.
Yield Gaps and Factors Affecting Production Inefficiency in Smallholder Oil Palm Plantations in Muaro Jambi District Jambi Province
Authors: Alamsyah Zulkifli , Kalsum Ummi , Fauzia Gina , Yanita Mirawati , Hamid Ernawati , Napitupulu Dompak MT
Published: July 2024

Oil palm plantations in Indonesia, including in Jambi Province, are categorized into large private plantation, state-owned plantation, and smallholder plantation. The productivity of smallholders is the lowest compared to the other 2 categories. At the district and sub-district level, the yield of smallholder oil palm is also vary, spreading from 1,675 to 6,680 kg CPO per ha per year. The large yield variation is inseparable from the plantation management among farmers. The objectives of this research are to study the yield gap and technical efficiency of production among smallholders, and to analyze the factors that affect the technical production inefficiency in smallholder oil palm plantation. The research was conducted in Muaro Jambi District as a main palm oil producing district in Jambi Province. Data was collected from a sampel of 120 independent smallholders. One way anova test was used to study the yield gap and double natural log (ln) of Cobb–Douglas stochastic frontier production function was used to analyze the technical efficiency and some factors affects its inefficiency. The results revealed that there were significant differences in yield among smallholders based on area size, level of education, and activeness in the farmer organizations. However, on average, the management of oil palm by independent smallholders is quite technically efficient. The factor that significantly affects the level of technical inefficiency are the size of the area and farmers’ level of education.
Feed Management of Beef Cattle Smallholder Farmer in the Conservation Area of Madura Beef Cattle
Authors: Sunyigono Andrie Kisroh , Subari Slamet , Saptati Ratna Ayu
Published: July 2024

Indonesia has consistently failed to achieve its meat self-sufficiency target in 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2014. Precisely during this period, the volume and value of feeder cattle and meat imports increased. One of the causes of failure to achieve the self-sufficiency target is still not achieving economic efficiency. The central and local governments have made efforts to implement the national cattle development roadmap. However, smallholder farmers, who account for 95% of the total farmers in Indonesia, are still subsistence. On the other hand, the beef cattle business cost is very high compared to the average daily gain achieved. The study’s objectives are: 1) to characterize the type of Madura beef cattle in terms of feed patterns, 2) to analyze the portion of feed budget, 3) to analyze the factors influencing the variation of food intake. The analytical method uses: 1) descriptive analysis, 2) explorative analysis and 3. regression analysis. The research results show five types of Madura Beef cattle: Sonok, Taccek, Breeder, Fattening, and cow. Body size and supplementation have a significant effect on the food intake.
Callus induction of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) with 2,4-D and Kinetin combination to enhance total phenolic and flavonoid content
Authors: Widyastuti D A , Santosa D , Nuringtyas T R , Rohman A
Published: July 2024

Plant tissue culture perform as in vitro technique which use any parts of plants under environmental and nutritional control. Tissue culture provides a competitive systems for effective secondary metabolites production, including in red ginger which has many functional properties with high demand in health and pharmaceutical sectors. This study aims to develop an appropriate procedure to cultivate red ginger with in vitro technique to enhance its phenolic and flavonoid content. The rhizome buds were use as explants for callus induction by MS medium with some combination of 2,4-D and kinetin (1:0; 1:1; 1:5; and 5:1). The 70% ethanol, 5,25% sodium hypochlorite, and 10% povidone iodine were used for surface sterilization of bud explants. The result reveals that in 1:0 combination of 2,4-D and Kinetin, the compact callus were initiated on day-16. The other three combinations showed shorter callus forming time in day-14 and they were friable. The 1:1 combination showed the highest percentage (70%) of callus formation compared to other three combinations. In this combination also indicated no contamination occurs. From this in vitro tissue culture, the methanolic extract of callus obtained highest total phenolic content (204,793 µg/mL) than rhizome (130.77 µg/mL). Though, the total flavonoid content of callus extract (0,289 µg/mL) was lower than rhizome extract (6.74 µg/mL). This study showed that the in vitro tissue culture was quite appropriate to enhance total phenolic content in red ginger, although not at the flavonoid content.
Characteristics and potential of tidal swamplands for sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) cultivation
Authors: Susilawati  , Liana T , Qomariah R , Lesmayati S , Bhermana A , Surdianto Y , Widiastuti D P , Syafrudin  , Zubaidah S , Sabran M
Published: July 2024

The characterization and potential of tidal swamps as a source of sorghum crop production (Sorghum Bicolor L. Moech), is the first research conducted in tidal lands, considering that so far sorghum has been widely planted in dry land. Aims to identify the biophysical character of the land, and multiply the potential, and technology of sorghum cultivation in tidal lands. Conducted in Kapuas Regency, Central Kalimantan, from August 2022 - April 2023. Land suitability analysis refers to 1:250,000 scale maps, 1:50,000 scale soil type maps, and soil analysis as the basis for determining technological inputs for successful site-specific sorghum cultivation. The results showed the biophysical character of tidal land with pH <5, has low nutrient content, imperfect water management, and proven to have good potential for sorghum growth. The application of dolomite as much as 1000 kg/ha and manure 5000 kg/ha and 200 kg/ha urea, 100 kg/ha SP-36, and 50 kg/ha KCL according to the results of soil analysis, proved that sorghum can produce 3.07 t/ha in tidal land, and almost the same as production in a dry land.
Water Soil Availability Prediction in Coffee Land Plantations with Remote Sensing
Authors: Arafat S , Fauzan M I , Fitria A D , Budiyanto S
Published: July 2024

The availability of soil water is the basis of plant growth, so its availability is important key for coffee plants growing in South Malang. Climate change makes the availability of water for these plants a complex problem because changing temperature and humidity. Remote sensing is a fast and cheap way to predict water availability in coffee plantations with large land areas and rapid climate change. The aims of this research to estimate water soil availability in coffee land plantations to meet plant water needs. The water content in coffee plantations can be estimated by combining the vegetation index values with a combination of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Fractional Vegetation Cover (FVC), Land Surface Temperature (LST), and Land Surface Emissivity (LSE). The method used in this research is to make tentative maps obtained from overlays of all combining the vegetation index values. The selection of research locations is based on the area of the coffee plantation using the smallest pixel, with an area of 3.000.000 m square meters. Each location of the research location was carried out four times for sampling the soil moisture content. The results showed that the correlation value between water content and the estimation results had a correlation of 0.814, with a regression value of 0.663 and a probability value of 0.9226. This shows that it is possible to estimate the water content of coffee plantations using remote sensing made it easier for coffee farmers to take action based on actual conditions on the land.
On Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara, nixtamalization and pre-gelatinization were used as Bose Corn instantiation techniques
Authors: Hamaisa A , Estiasih T , Putri W D R , Fibrianto K
Published: July 2024

The province of East Nusa Tenggara is an archipelago province. Timor Island is one of the islands in the province of East Nusa Tenggara, where most of the population consumes corn as a staple food besides rice. The typical food on Timor Island, known since ancient times, is Bose Corn. The Bose corn cooking procedure is time-consuming and water-intensive. Timor Island is an area with dry land and a dry climate. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce technology that can shorten the cooking time by using less water. The instantiation process of bose corn using nixtamalization and pre-gelatinization methods is used as a technology to overcome this problem. The nixtamalization method using 0.4% (w/v) Ca(OH)2 in the steeping time treatment (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 hours) showed an increase in the color components (brightness, redness, and yellowness) in a raw and cooked instant bose corn. The grain yield of instant bose corn experienced a significant increase, namely 53.63% in the treatment without steeping time (0 hours) to 72.21% in the treatment of 10 hours steeping time. Water absorption increased to 352.36% at a steeping time of 6 hours but decreased to 320.17% at 10 hours of steeping time. Instantiation of bose corn using the pre-gelatinization method with different treatments of cooking time (60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes) showed almost the same brightness value in raw and cooked instant bose corn. Differences in the color components redness and yellowness are indicated by the color towards yellowish red on raw instant bose corn and the color towards yellowish green on cooked instant bose corn. The grain yield of instant bose corn in large the pre-gelatinization method decreased significantly with the cooking time, namely 91.38% at 60 minutes to 75.23% at 180 minutes. The water absorption capacity of instant bose corn has increased but not significantly. It proves that the discoloration of instant bose corn in raw and cooked conditions using nixtamalization and pre-gelatinization methods was not significantly different. The grain yields produced from these two methods have no significant difference in water absorption. Thus, these two instantiation methods can be applied to the people of the island of Timor to make instant bose corn.
Creamer Encapsulated Aloe Vera: Physical and Chemical Screening for A Beverage Prospect
Authors: Ni’maturrohmah D , Chandra E C , Wulandari R , Nisa K , Sefrienda A R , Indrianingsih A W , Suryani A E , Darsih C , Mujiyanto  , Haryanti S , Handayani S
Published: July 2024

Recently, consumers of herbal drinks have been exposed to nutritional effects of Aloe vera. This article presents an analysis of physical and chemical properties of creamer encapsulated Aloe vera as a nutrient-rich food candidate. The research aimed to explore comparison between the drying method influence, spray-drying and freeze-drying. The yield percentage was made up to investigate the effectiveness of the procedure. In addition, the physical observation of the final product consists of morphology, moisture content, water solubility, acidity level, viscosity and color. The chemical analysis was decided for the polysaccharide and acetyl-O polysaccharide content calculation of the materials. To begin with, XRF data explained that the dried Aloe vera as raw materials is a prospect for an osteoporosis agent which contains 0.506% of magnesium and 3.75% of calcium. After being dried with creamer encapsulation, the freeze-drying technique produced almost twice as much yield as the spray-drying. The Av-Cr-SD was scanned as an oval shape, whereas the Av-Cr-FD was a smooth thin layer. Moreover, Av-Cr-FD contained higher moisture, dissolved faster in water and was lower pH than Av-Cr-SD. For viscosity and color parameters, the both products did not show significant value. The chemical study explained that Av-Cr-SD was calculated as a lower percentage of polysaccharide and acetyl-O polysaccharide content. Overall, we estimated that the freeze-drying method is more applicable to produce the encapsulated powders. As in the previous studies, we found that the heat of the different equipment is one of the factors that result in the different characteristics of the products.
Grain Quality Evaluation of Several Upland Rice Varieties in Indonesia
Authors: Indrasari S D , Marwati T , Djaafar T F , Purwaningsih H , Kobarsih M , Apriyati E , Wanita Y P , Ambarsari I , Andriana Y
Published: July 2024

High-yielding rice varieties that are adaptive to dry land conditions are the main technological component in efforts to increase rice production also known as upland rice. This study aimed to determine the physical quality, milling quality, physicochemical characteristics, and sensory test of six upland rice new superior varieties namely Inpago 8, Inpago 10, Inpago 12, Inpago Unsoed, Rindang 1 and Rindang 2. The quality analysis was carried out at Rice Quality Laboratory, Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR) in Sukamandi, West Java, Indonesia. Furthermore, rice quality data is compared with the Indonesian National Standard (INS) for paddy No. 0224-1987/SPI-TAN / 01/01/1993 and with INS of rice No 6128:2020. The result showed that upland rice varieties have the criteria of the third class of INS paddy. Out of six varieties, four varieties were categorized as long rice and the rest were medium rice (Inpago 8 and Inpago Unsoed). All varieties were classified as medium shape. According to milling quality, Inpago 12 followed by Inpago 8 has the best yield of brown rice. Meanwhile, the best yield of milled rice was Inpago 12 followed by Inpago 10. All varieties met the percentage of head rice (maximum 75%) and broken rice (maximum 22%) for the second medium class. The Inpago 8, Inpago 10, Inpago 12, and Inpago Unsoed varieties belong to the low to medium amylose group, having a medium gel consistency with a separated and fluffy cooked rice texture character. According to the sensory test findings for cooked rice, there were no differences among any of the kinds in terms of flavor, color, shine, taste and overall evaluation. Based on physical, milling quality and physicochemical characteristics, Inpago 12 is the best variety of all the upland varieties observed.
Chemical and Sensory Properties of Mentik Grompol and Sembada Merah Cooked Rice’s : The Effect of Storage Method
Authors: Apriyati E , Wismono E N , Indrasari S D , Purwaningsih H , Kristamtini  , Djaafar TF , Rahardjo A P , Nusantoro B P , Ambarsari I , Andriana Y
Published: July 2024

Currently there are several varieties of colored rice such as red rice and black rice which are rich in nutrients. Indonesian people, in particular, are starting to consume rice as a healthy food by choosing to consume red rice or black rice. For storage, Indonesians are accustomed to preparing a lot of rice and then placing it in a rice basket or a magic com warmer. Therefore, this study was conducted with aims to evaluating the effect of the storage methods and times of white and red cooked rice on total sugar content, starch content, amylose content, and sensory properties. The paddy of Mentik Grompol (MG) cultivar is dehulled, then milled to produce white milled rice, while the paddy of Sembada Merah (SM), a red paddy variety is only dehulled to produce brown rice. Both types of rice are cooked using magic com to get white and red cooked rice. The cooked rice was stored in magic com and plastic basket, then observed at 0, 9, 18, and 27 hours respectively. According to the findings, red cooked rice had lower moisture content, total sugar, starch, and amylose content than white cooked rice. The total sugar level, starch content, and amylose content of white and red cooked rice were all considerably impacted by storage duration. The lowest total sugar content is red cooked rice which is stored for 27 hours either in magic com. Red cooked rice, which was kept in magic com for 27 hours, had the lowest starch and amylose concentration. Compared to Sembada Merah cooked rice, Mentik Grompol white cooked rice is preferred by panelists based on sensory evaluation in terms of color, texture, aroma, taste, and overall parameters. To prevent an increase in the prevalence of diabetes, rice should not be consumed immediately but stored first in a magic com or plastic basket because the total sugar and starch levels in rice have decreased.
Food interventions and nutritional status of undernourished children ages 0-5 years old in southern Philippines: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Morados A N , Qui N H
Published: July 2024

This review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis and determine pooled effectiveness of food interventions on the nutritional status of undernourished children ages 0-5 years old in low- and middle-income countries. Specific objectives include identification, selection, and appraisal of interventions that target undernourished children ages 0-5 years old. This study included Randomized Controlled Trials, Pre-post Interventional, Case-Control, and Cohort Studies that were conducted from 2016-2019 that target Undernourished children, 0-5 years old. The outcome is improvement in Nutritional Status: Weight-for-age, Length-for-age, Weight-for-length, Weight Gain, Mean Weight, Mid-Upper Arm Circumference, Length (cm). The search and identification of studies, supplemented with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, was done through an online database (Pubmed, Ebscohost, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar) and in the Department of Agriculture Library. The study used four (4) tools in appraising the studies. The four tools differed in terms of their indication of use by study design: Risk of Bias-2 for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies- of Interventions for Non-Randomized Studies (NRSI), and Heller’s Public Health Checklist for quasi-experimental (within-group) designs. Out of thirty-one (31) studies, this paper compiled seven (7) interventions. The interventions are local and homemade food, nutritional education, food production, milk-based formula, reduced dose of RUTF, rehabilitation programs, and positive deviance approach. Risk of Bias: (ROB-2) 100% of the studies have low risk in random sequence generation, blinding of outcome assessment, and selective reporting domains. Only 10% of the studies demonstrated unclear or moderate risk under attrition bias due to incomplete outcome data. Roughly 20% of the studies also showed unclear or moderate risk under selection and performance bias. (ROBINS-I) 67% (6/9) of the included studies are low risk for overall bias. (Heller) Studies were appraised by Heller’s checklist where identification of strengths and weaknesses were identified. This review found that local and homemade food improves the nutritional status of undernourished children below five years old. Findings show that nutrition education has little to no effect, while food production needs more studies to increase its certainty. Other interventions mentioned need more similar studies to obtain a pooled effectiveness. This review has excluded studies that are of high risk of bias to minimize low certainty of evidence. However, this review was unable to examine adverse effects of the interventions. This review has some studies not pooled due to missing values such as standard deviations and confidence interval.
Sensorial Attributes of Fermented Whey Drinks with Either Natural or Artificial Flavoring Agents
Authors: Abduh S B M , Rizqiati H , Al-Baarri A N , Hintono A , Bintoro V P , Putra H B P , Susetya A E , Setyani M , Gilkar K R , Retnowati A D
Published: July 2024

A clear-yellowish liquid, resulting from the separation and pressing of curds in the cheese-making process, is obtained, and it is commonly known as whey. Despite being commonly regarded as waste, whey still contains some nutrients such as protein, lactose, and minerals. These compounds endow whey with the potential to be processed into a food product. However, an unwanted sensory aspect can be caused by the presence of these organic compounds. This is a consequence of chemical changes in organic compounds within whey during production and storage, which can impact flavor and lead to the formation of off flavors. One alternative that can be employed to reduce off-flavors is the conversion of whey into probiotic drinks through a fermentation process involving lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Although a fermentation process could impart a more favorable sensory aspect to whey, it is still deemed necessary to incorporate natural or artificial flavorings. Orange (citrus) is a common flavor used in food products. Consequently, this study was conducted to enhance the sensory aspect of whey by fermenting it and adding natural and artificial citrus flavorings, with subsequent evaluation through consumer acceptance. According to the study results, significant findings were observed in flavored fermented whey, exhibiting higher consumer acceptance compared to fermented whey without flavor. In conclusion, the addition of both natural and artificial citrus flavorings to fermented whey served to enhance its sensory aspect and elevate consumer acceptance.
A study of the organoleptic and chemical characteristics of spiced shredded chili
Authors: Sunarmani  , Agustinisari Iceu , Setyadjit
Published: July 2024

Chili are horticultural commodities with a high economic value and fluctuating prices. A large harvest of chilis is usually not followed by sufficient demand for the product in the market; therefore, the selling price is low. This commodity is also susceptible to damage after harvesting. Processing chili shredded is an effort to increase its value and utilization. The purpose of this study was to determine the organoleptic and chemical characteristics of chili shredded and processed with the addition of spices. In this study, spiced chili shredded was processed with four treatments: chili shredded without the addition of spices (control), chili shredded with the addition of cinnamon, chili shredded with the addition of nutmeg, and chili shredded with the addition of cinnamon and nutmeg. Organoleptic assessment includes color, flavor, taste, appearance, spiciness, and level of preference. The chemical analysis carried out includes water, protein, fat, ash, and carbohydrate content. The results of the organoleptic assessment showed that chili shredded with the addition of nutmeg had the highest color value and level of spiciness and was the most preferred among other treatments. Chili shredded with nutmeg had a water content of 4.62%, protein content of 17.27%, fat content of 18.67%, ash content of 7.20%, and carbohydrate content of 52.25%.
Study on the quality and consumer acceptance of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) flour-based dried noodle
Authors: Yulviatun A , Gea D C T T , Praseptiangga D , Anam C , Samanhudi
Published: July 2024

Sorghum is growing to become an alternative substitute of food ingredients for various food products. Supported by its productivity and high nutrient content, sorghum can be converted into flour, substituting wheat flour in food products, such as dried noodles. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical, physical, and sensory quality of sorghum-based dried noodles. The research was conducted by Complete Randomized Design of Experiment (CRD) with Two Factors: the variety of sorghum and the level of sorghum substitution. The combinations of variety and substitution levels used in this study were Numbu-30%, 45%, 60% and Super 2-30%, 45%, 60%. The increased proportion of sorghum flour in noodles formulation resulted in higher ash, fat, and carbohydrate content but lower water and protein content. In addition, substituting wheat flour with sorghum flour increased the swelling index of the dried noodles but resulted in a higher cooking loss. In terms of sensory acceptance evaluation, the higher level of sorghum substitution increased the colour’s acceptance score, while on the other hand, reduced the acceptance score for aroma, flavour, and texture attributes of dried noodles.
Histological characteristics of the Indigofera zollingeriana mutant 2 (M2) population resulting from gamma-ray irradiation grown in saline soil
Authors: Hutasoit R , Purba E , Ginting S P , Hanafi N D , Hanafiah D S
Published: July 2024

Indigofera zollingeriana plant has been used by Farmers as a feed plant, which contains high protein and is very good as a source of forage to increase livestock productivity. However, its development is constrained by the limited availability of land, so it is necessary to conduct research for its development on marginal land. This study aims to evaluate the effect of salinity on histological diversity of four populations of mutant 2 (M2) I. zollingeriana resulting from gamma-ray irradiation in saline fields. The study was conducted in a randomized block design (RBD) with four treatments of the M2 I. zollingeriana population resulting from gamma-ray irradiation with 6 replications. Plant population were irradiated at 0, 100, 200, and 300 gray. Parameters observed were: characteristics of stomata, tricoma and cuticle. The results showed that the diversity of stomata and cuticles were not significantly different in each treatment. However, the number of tricoma have a significant effect, namely on the parameter number of tricoma. The highest number of tricoma was found in the 200 gray with a number of 17. Significantly different from the other treatments (0, 100 and 300 gray) each obtained a total of 9.83, 12.17 and 11.67. It was concluded that the radiation dose at the 200 gray level has the genetic potential to be continued at the adaptation test stage to further support the formation of new salinity tolerant Indigofera varieties.
Supplementation of calliandra calothyrsus in basal fed affecting quality of sapera’s milk
Authors: Sempana A N , Christiyanto M , Nuswantoro L K
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of calliandra calothyrsus powder supplemented with basal fed on milk quality in particular fat, solid non fat, lactose, and total solid. Twenty one early lactating sapera goats were assigned to 3 x 7 random group design. The dietary treatments consist of 0 %, 2.5% and 5% of Calliandra calothyrsus Powder (CCP) in the daily diet of the experimental goat. All goats were fed concentrate 1 kg DM and forage (6.8% fresh calliandra and pakchong grass in 35.38%) with the availability of water. The experiment lasted 50 d including 13 d of sampling period. Milk was taken on the last day of the treatment and was analyzed using a lactoscan to determine fat, total solid, lactose and solid non fat. Goats given 2.5% CCP produced significantly higher total solid and solid non fat content gr/day/goat milk (P < 0.05) than those given 0% and 5% CCP. The results also showed that there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in fat content gr/day/goat of milk in dietary treatments. It is concluded that legume supplementation of 2.5% CCP can increase fat, lactose, solid non fat and total solid of sapera goats.
Comparison of carcass and non-carcass weight percentage between IPB-D2 chickens and IPB-D3 chickens at different slaughter age
Authors: Rahman WN , Darwati S , Sumantri C
Published: July 2024

The IPB-D1 chicken, as a new species of local chicken, is an effort to improve the genetic quality of Indonesia’s local chickens. Chicken IPB-D2 and IPB-D3 incubators of chicken IPB-D1 were selected for special breed chicken IPB-D1. The study aims to provide information, review, and compare the percentage of weight of carcass and non-carcass in chicken galleys IPB-D2 and IPB-D3 at different slaughter ages. Chickens used up to 30 roosters each. The data obtained were analyzed with descriptive and t-test results showing the percentage of rooster weight in the IPB-D2 G4 rooster was smaller than in the IPB-D3 G2 rooster. Non-carcass rooster IPB-D2 G4 was greater than a rooster IPB-D3 G2. The chicken IPB-D3 has a distinct chance of becoming a male and flesh-producing hen. The IPB-D2 chicken has an excellent opportunity as a female trowel.
Correlation Between Consumption of Nutrient with Milk Production and Milk Quality in Dairy Cow
Authors: Adyatama A , Muktiani A , Samsudewa D
Published: July 2024

The objective of this research is to determine the relationship between consumption of nutrient with milk production and milk quality in dairy cow. Twenty-five dairy cows were used in this research. The dairy cows with 1-3 months of lactation were used in this research. Parameter consumption of nutrient which were used in this research was dry matter, crude protein, total digestible nutrient, calcium and phosphor. Correlation and simple linear regression were used to analyze the data. The results showed strong correlation coefficient and regression equation of consumption of nutrient with milk production (0.618 and Y = 48.675 + 3.95X), milk lactose (0.659 and Y = 6.543 + 0.63X), fat of milk (0.711 and Y = 18.809 + 1.156X) and milk protein (0.659 and Y = 5.313 + 0.579X). Consuming sufficient nutrients to meet the needs of dairy cows can optimize milk production and milk quality.
The Effect of Fermented Soybean Meal on The Growth Performance of Kampong Chickens
Authors: Akhirini N , Suprayogi W P S , Saraswati P N , Darmawan M A , Saputro W S , Setyono W , Yano A A , Irawan A
Published: July 2024

The present study evaluated the effect of dietary soybean meal (SBM) fermented with Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger on the performance of kampong chickens measured at eight weeks. Ninety birds at 21 d (210±3.69 gram) were used for the experiment. The birds were randomly separated into three treatment groups consisting of six replicates, with five birds per replicate. The treatments were without steam conditioning and fermentation (P0), where the two other groups were fermented with Bacillus subtilis (P1) and Aspergillus niger (P2). Basal diets were based on corn-soybean with crude protein (CP) of 16% and metabolism energy (ME) of 2800 Kcal. The result showed that dietary SBM fermented with Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger increased average daily gain (ADG), final body weight (BW), and decreased feed conversion when compared to control (P<0.05). In conclusion, the present study suggested that replacing SBM with fermented soybean meal increased performance without negatively affecting the feed intake of kampong chickens.
Optimizing the feasibility of polyvinyl alcohol-potassium iodine gel for medical dosimeter
Authors: Rabaeh Khalid A , Qawouq Ruba K A , Eyadeh Molham M , Shatnawi Moneeb T M
Published: July 2024

This work aims to improve the post stabilty of reusable potassium iodide hydrogel dosimter. A reusable and low-cost radiochromic dosimeter containing a gel matrix of polyvinyl alcohol, potassium iodide dye, froctose as reducing agent and glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent was developed for dose calibration in radiotherapy. The gel samples were exposed to different absorbed doses using a medical linear acceleration. UV–vis Spectrophotometry was utilized to investigate the changes in optical-properties of irradiated gels with regard to peak wavelength of 353 nm. The stability of the gel (one of the most limitation of using this dosimeter) was improved significantly by the addition of certain concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide. The two-dimensional optical imaging system of charge-coupled-device (CCD) camera with a uniform RGB light-emitting-diode (LED) array source was used for diffusion coefficient purpose using two dimensional gel template. The value of diffusion coefficient reported is significant and highly reduced compared with other dosimeters reported in the literatures. Moreover, heating the improved gels to certain temperatures results in resetting their optical properties, which makes it possible to reuse for multiple times.
The Impact of Vaginoplasty on Female and Male Sexual Function and Satisfaction
Authors: Aglamis Savas Ozgur , Asfuroglu Ahmet , Koudonas Antonios
Published: July 2024

Background

The association of vaginal laxity with female sexual function is clinically significant. Male sexual pleasure can also be affected by vaginal laxity.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vaginoplasty on a cohort of women who underwent this procedure for indications of vaginal laxity/impaired sexual function. The sexual satisfaction of partners after vaginal tightening was also evaluated.

Methods

Fifty women who underwent vaginoplasty and their male partners (n = 50) were included in the study. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) were administered to female patients 3 months before and after the treatment. In addition, the sexual function of male partners was assessed by the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) 3 months before and after the treatment. A 5-question questionnaire inquiring about pleasure status, scored on a 4-point Likert scale, was administered to the male partners.

Results

The posttreatment STAI-State and STAI-Trait scores of the female patients were statistically significantly lower than their pretreatment scores (52.5 vs 32, P < .001; 56 vs 44, P < .001, respectively). The posttreatment FSFI score of the female patients was significantly higher than their pretreatment score (19.2 vs 29.7, P < .001).

Conclusions

The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the sexual function of males and females, and additionally, a significant decrease in the indices of temporary anxiety levels and the inherent predisposition for anxiety disorders after vaginoplasty.

Level of Evidence: 4
Reduced IFNL1 and/or IFNL2, but not IFNL3 is associated with worse outcome in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Woods Elena , Mena Adriana , Sierpinska Sophie , Carr Emily , STTAR Bioresource  , Hagan Richard , Crowley John , Bergin Colm , Clark David , Brophy Caroline , Macallan Derek , Gardiner Clair M
Published: July 2024

The recent pandemic was caused by the emergence of a new human pathogen, SARS-CoV-2. While the rapid development of many vaccines provided an end to the immediate crisis, there remains an urgent need to understand more about this new virus and what constitutes a beneficial immune response in terms of successful resolution of infection. Indeed, this is key for development of vaccines that provide long lasting protective immunity. The interferon lambda (IFNL) family of cytokines are produced early in response to infection and are generally considered anti-viral and beneficial. However, data regarding production of IFNL cytokines in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is highly variable, and generally from underpowered studies. In this study, we measured all three IFNL1, IFNL2, and IFNL3 cytokines in plasma from a well characterized, large COVID-19 cohort (n = 399) that included good representation from patients with a more indolent disease progression, and hence a beneficial immune response. While all three cytokines were produced, they differed in both the frequency of expression in patients, and the levels produced. IFNL3 was produced in almost all patients but neither protein level nor IFNL3/IFNL4 single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with clinical outcome. In contrast, both IFNL1 and IFNL2 levels were significantly lower, or absent, in plasma of patients that had a more severe disease outcome. These data are consistent with the concept that early IFNL1 and IFNL2 cytokine production is protective against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Sperm collection and characteristics analysis of the critically endangered Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla)
Authors: Li Yongzheng , Hua Yan , Xiang Zuofu , Xu Xuelin , Zhang Sunxiya , Wang Xianghe , An Fuyu , Ren Zhenyu , Wang Kai
Published: July 2024

The Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) is a critically endangered species. However, there is a paucity of research on the male reproductive gamete biology of this species. The present study was the first to systematically analyse the sperm characterization of the Chinese pangolin, including semen collection, sperm morphometry and ultrastructure. The semen of five male Chinese pangolins was successfully collected using the electroejaculation method. CASA (computer-assisted sperm analysis) was used to assess semen quality and take images for sperm morphometric analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used for sperm ultrastructure observation. The results showed that the semen of the Chinese pangolin was yellow to pale yellow in colour, viscous, with a fishy odour, and a slightly alkaline pH of between 7.7 and 7.9. The head defects were the main sperm defects; there were 13 kinds of head defects counted in this study. The total sperm length, head length, head width and tail length were 67.62 ± 0.21 μm, 10.47 ± 0.06 μm, 1.33 ± 0.006 μm and 57.16 ± 0.20 μm, respectively. SEM observed that the spermatozoa had a rod-shaped head with a distinct apical ridge, which was different from most mammals and similar to that in avians and reptiles. Interestingly, TEM found that the acrosome membrane of the Chinese pangolin had a double membrane structure rather than a multiple bi-lamellar membrane structure as reported by the previous study. Collectively, this study contributes to the development of artificial breeding efforts and assisted reproductive techniques for the Chinese pangolin, as well as providing technical support for research on germplasm conservation of this species.
Proactive Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Is Associated With Increased Drug Persistence in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treated With Intravenous Vedolizumab
Authors: Porth Rachel , Deyhim Tina , Zullow Samantha , Rabinowitz Loren G , Grossberg Laurie B , Roblin Xavier , Paul Stephane , Cheifetz Adam S , Papamichael Konstantinos
Published: July 2024

Background

There are limited data regarding therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of non-anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of proactive TDM in IBD patients treated with intravenous (iv) vedolizumab (VDZ).

Methods

This single-center retrospective cohort study included consecutive IBD patients treated with maintenance iv VDZ therapy undergoing TDM from November 2016 to March 2023. Patients were followed through June 2023 and were divided in to 2 groups: those who had at least 1 proactive TDM vs those who underwent only reactive TDM. A survival analysis was performed to evaluate drug persistence, defined as no need for drug discontinuation due to loss of response, serious adverse event, or an IBD-related surgery.

Results

The study population consisted of 94 patients (proactive TDM, n = 72) with IBD (ulcerative colitis, n = 53). Patients undergoing at least 1 proactive TDM compared with patients having only reactive TDM demonstrated a higher cumulative probability of drug persistence (Log-rank P < .001). In multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, at least 1 proactive TDM was the only factor associated with drug persistence (hazard ratio, 14.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.8-50; P < .001). A ROC analysis identified a VDZ concentration of 12.5 µg/mL as the optimal drug concentration threshold associated with drug persistence (area under the ROC curve: 0.691; 95% CI, 0.517-0.865; P = .049).

Conclusion

In this single-center retrospective study reflecting real-life clinical practice, proactive TDM was associated with increased drug persistence in patients with IBD treated with iv VDZ.