bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Junk Food on Demand: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Nutritional Quality of Popular Online Food Delivery Outlets in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Partridge Stephanie R. , Gibson Alice A. , Roy Rajshri , Malloy Jessica A. , Raeside Rebecca , Jia Si Si , Singleton Anna C. , Mandoh Mariam , Todd Allyson R. , Wang Tian , Halim Nicole K. , Hyun Karice , Redfern Julie
Published: October 2020

The demand for convenience and the increasing role of digital technology in everyday life has fueled the use of online food delivery services (OFD’s), of which young people are the largest users globally. OFD’s are disrupting traditional food environments, yet research evaluating the public health implications of such services is lacking. We evaluated the characteristics and nutritional quality of popular food outlets on a market-leading platform (UberEATS®) in a cross-sectional observational study conducted in two international cities: Sydney (Australia) and Auckland (New Zealand). A systematic search using publicly available population-level data was used to identify geographical areas with above-average concentrations (>30%) of young people (15–34-years). A standardized data extraction protocol was used to identify the ten most popular food outlets within each area. The nutritional quality of food outlets was assessed using the Food Environment Score (FES) (range: −10 ‘unhealthiest’ to 10 ‘healthiest’). Additionally, the most popular menu items from each food outlet were classified as discretionary or core foods/beverages according to the Australian Dietary Guidelines. The majority of popular food outlets were classified as ‘unhealthy’ (FES range −10 to −5; 73.5%, 789/1074) and were predominately takeaway franchise stores (59.6%, 470/789, e.g., McDonald’s®). 85.9% of all popular menu items were discretionary (n = 4958/5769). This study highlights the pervasion and accessibility of discretionary foods on OFD’s. This study demonstrated that the most popular food outlets on the market-leading online food delivery service are unhealthy and popular menu items are mostly discretionary foods; facilitating the purchase of foods of poor nutritional quality. Consideration of OFD’s in public health nutrition strategies and policies in critical.
The Effect of Perioperative Vitamin C on Postoperative Analgesic Consumption: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Hung Kuo-Chuan , Lin Yao-Tsung , Chen Kee-Hsin , Wang Li-Kai , Chen Jen-Yin , Chang Ying-Jen , Wu Shao-Chun , Chiang Min-Hsien , Sun Cheuk-Kwan
Published: October 2020

Because the analgesic effect of vitamin C against acute pain remains poorly addressed, this meta-analysis aimed at investigating its effectiveness against acute postoperative pain. A total of seven randomized controlled trials with placebo/normal controls were identified from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline, Google Scholar, and Embase databases. Pooled analysis showed a lower pain score (standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.68, 95% CI: −1.01 to −0.36, p < 0.0001; I2 = 57%) and a lower morphine consumption (weighted mean difference (WMD) = −2.44 mg, 95% CI: −4.03 to −0.86, p = 0.003; I2 = 52%) in the vitamin group than that in the placebo group within postoperative 1–2 h. At postoperative 24 h, a lower pain score (SMD = −0.65, 95% CI: −1.11 to −0.19, p = 0.005; I2 = 81%) and lower morphine consumption (WMD = −6.74 mg, 95% CI: −9.63 to −3.84, p < 0.00001; I2 = 85%) were also noted in the vitamin group. Subgroup analyses demonstrated significant reductions in pain severity and morphine requirement immediately (1–2 h) and 24 h after surgery for patients receiving intravenous vitamin C but not in the oral subgroup. These findings showed significant reductions in pain score and opioid requirement up to postoperative 24 h, respectively, suggesting the effectiveness of perioperative vitamin C use. Further large-scale trials are warranted to elucidate its optimal intravenous dosage and effectiveness against chronic pain in the postoperative pain control setting.
Association between Altered Blood Parameters and Gut Microbiota after Synbiotic Intake in Healthy, Elderly Korean Women
Authors: Lee Song Hee , You Hee Sang , Kang Hee-Gyoo , Kang Sang Sun , Hyun Sung Hee
Published: October 2020

Synbiotics intake can alter the composition of intestinal microbes beneficially. We aimed to detect the changes in the intestinal microbiomes of 37 healthy elderly Korean women after the intake of a synbiotic drink. This was a longitudinal study controlled with a temporal series, including a control period of 3 weeks before intake, synbiotic intake for 3 weeks, and a washout period of 3 weeks. Fecal microbiota composition was analyzed by sequencing the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA. Physical fecal activity increased with improvement in fecal shape. Thirty intestinal bacterial taxa were observed to change only after the intake period. In particular, Ellagibacter appeared only after ingestion. In addition, the abundance of Terrisporobacter showed a positive correlation with C-reactive protein, triglyceride. Lachnospiraceae_uc, Eubacterium_g5, and Blautia had a positive correlation with creatinine, whereas PAC001100_g had a negative correlation with creatinine. Short-term (3 weeks) intake of symbiotic organisms changes the composition of the gut microbiota in healthy elderly Korean women.
Validation of a General and Sports Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire in Italian Early Adolescents
Authors: Rosi Alice , Ferraris Cinzia , Guglielmetti Monica , Meroni Erika , Charron Melanie , Menta Roberto , Manini Federica , Di Gioia Vito , Martini Daniela , Erba Daniela
Published: October 2020

To the best of our knowledge, no specific questionnaires on sports nutrition knowledge (NK) have been validated so far in Italian early adolescents. The aim of the present study was to validate a short (26-item) general and sports NK questionnaire in a group of Italian early adolescents. To this aim, the questionnaire was administered to 264 subjects for analysis of internal consistency, and in a subgroup (n = 39) for evaluating the reliability over time. The questionnaire revealed good overall internal consistency and reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.684) and a highly significant correlation over time (r = 0.977, p < 0.001). Comparison with other validated questionnaires is tricky, because the previous questionnaires were validated in different populations, such as middle or late adolescents or adults, with a higher number of items compared to our questionnaire. Furthermore, data on adolescent NK in Italy are very limited. This study provides a brief, feasible, and validated questionnaire that can be used for investigating sports NK in young subjects. It could be used for evaluating the efficacy of education on general and sports nutrition in both the general population and athletes, and for investigating the relationship between NK and different sports in early adolescence.
Designing an Effective Front-of-Package Warning Label for Food and Drinks High in Added Sugar, Sodium, or Saturated Fat in Colombia: An Online Experiment
Authors: Taillie Lindsey Smith , Hall Marissa G. , Gómez Luis Fernando , Higgins Isabella , Bercholz Maxime , Murukutla Nandita , Mora-Plazas Mercedes
Published: October 2020

Policies to require warnings on the front of food and drinks high in nutrients of concern (e.g., added sugar, sodium, or saturated fat) are becoming increasingly common as an obesity prevention strategy. Colombia, a country with growing prevalence of obesity, is considering implementing a similar policy. The objective of this study was to assess perceptions and reactions to different warning designs. We conducted a randomized experiment in an online panel of adults age > 18y (n = 1997). Participants were randomized to view one of four labels: a control label (barcode), an octagon warning, a circle warning, and a triangle warning. Participants viewed their randomly assigned label on a series of products and answered questions (continuous outcomes ranged from 1–4). Compared to the control, all warnings led to higher perceived message effectiveness (increase in mean from 1.79 in the control to 2.59–2.65 in the warning conditions, p < 0.001), a higher percentage of participants who correctly identified products high in nutrients of concern (from 48% in the control condition to 84–89% in the warning conditions, p < 0.001), and reduced intentions to purchases these products (decrease in mean from 2.59 to 1.99–2.01 in the warning conditions, p < 0.001). Relative to the control, warnings performed similarly across education levels, suggesting this policy would be equitable in Colombia. Looking at differences by warning type, the pattern of results suggested that the octagon warnings performed best. After viewing all label types, 49% of participants selected the octagon warning as the one that most discouraged them from consuming products high in nutrients of concern, while 21% and 27% selected the circle and triangle warning. Colombian policymakers should consider the octagon warning as part of a front-of-package labeling policy to help consumers identify and reduce consumption of foods and drinks high in nutrients of concern.
Effects of Polyphenols on Insulin Resistance
Authors: Williamson Gary , Sheedy Katherine
Published: October 2020

Insulin resistance (IR) is apparent when tissues responsible for clearing glucose from the blood, such as adipose and muscle, do not respond properly to appropriate signals. IR is estimated based on fasting blood glucose and insulin, but some measures also incorporate an oral glucose challenge. Certain (poly)phenols, as supplements or in foods, can improve insulin resistance by several mechanisms including lowering postprandial glucose, modulating glucose transport, affecting insulin signalling pathways, and by protecting against damage to insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells. As shown by intervention studies on volunteers, the most promising candidates for improving insulin resistance are (−)-epicatechin, (−)-epicatechin-containing foods and anthocyanins. It is possible that quercetin and phenolic acids may also be active, but data from intervention studies are mixed. Longer term and especially dose-response studies on mildly insulin resistant participants are required to establish the extent to which (poly)phenols and (poly)phenol-rich foods may improve insulin resistance in compromised groups.
Optimizing Nitrogen Balance Is Associated with Better Outcomes in Neurocritically Ill Patients
Authors: Kim Tae Jung , Park Soo-Hyun , Jeong Hae-Bong , Ha Eun Jin , Cho Won Sang , Kang Hyun-Seung , Kim Jeong Eun , Ko Sang-Bae
Published: October 2020

Marked protein catabolism is common in critically ill patients. We hypothesized that optimal protein supplementation using nitrogen balance might be associated with better outcomes in the neurointensive care unit (NICU) patients. A total of 175 patients admitted to the NICU between July 2017 and December 2018 were included. Nitrogen balance was measured after NICU admission and measurements were repeated in 77 patients. The outcomes were compared according to initial nitrogen balance results and improvement of nitrogen balance on follow-up measurements. A total of 140 (80.0%) patients had a negative nitrogen balance on initial assessments. The negative balance group had more events of in-hospital mortality and poor functional outcome at three months. In follow-up measurement patients, 39 (50.6%) showed an improvement in nitrogen balance. The improvement group had fewer events of in-hospital mortality (p = 0.047) and poor functional outcomes (p = 0.046). Moreover, improvement of nitrogen balance was associated with a lower risk of poor functional outcomes (Odds ratio, 0.247; 95% confidence interval, 0.066–0.925, p = 0.038). This study demonstrated that a significant proportion of patients in the NICU were under protein hypercatabolism. Moreover, an improvement in protein balance was related to improved outcomes in neurocritically ill patients. Further studies are needed to confirm the relationship between protein balance and outcomes.
Genomic Diversity and Hotspot Mutations in 30,983 SARS-CoV-2 Genomes: Moving Toward a Universal Vaccine for the “Confined Virus”?
Authors: Alouane Tarek , Laamarti Meriem , Essabbar Abdelomunim , Hakmi Mohammed , Bouricha El Mehdi , Chemao-Elfihri M. W. , Kartti Souad , Boumajdi Nasma , Bendani Houda , Laamarti Rokia , Ghrifi Fatima , Allam Loubna , Aanniz Tarik , Ouadghiri Mouna , El Hafidi Naima , El Jaoudi Rachid , Benrahma Houda , Attar Jalil El , Mentag Rachid , Sbabou Laila , Nejjari Chakib , Amzazi Saaid , Belyamani Lahcen , Ibrahimi Azeddine
Published: October 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has been ongoing since its onset in late November 2019 in Wuhan, China. Understanding and monitoring the genetic evolution of the virus, its geographical characteristics, and its stability are particularly important for controlling the spread of the disease and especially for the development of a universal vaccine covering all circulating strains. From this perspective, we analyzed 30,983 complete SARS-CoV-2 genomes from 79 countries located in the six continents and collected from 24 December 2019, to 13 May 2020, according to the GISAID database. Our analysis revealed the presence of 3206 variant sites, with a uniform distribution of mutation types in different geographic areas. Remarkably, a low frequency of recurrent mutations has been observed; only 169 mutations (5.27%) had a prevalence greater than 1% of genomes. Nevertheless, fourteen non-synonymous hotspot mutations (>10%) have been identified at different locations along the viral genome; eight in ORF1ab polyprotein (in nsp2, nsp3, transmembrane domain, RdRp, helicase, exonuclease, and endoribonuclease), three in nucleocapsid protein, and one in each of three proteins: Spike, ORF3a, and ORF8. Moreover, 36 non-synonymous mutations were identified in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein with a low prevalence (<1%) across all genomes, of which only four could potentially enhance the binding of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to the human ACE2 receptor. These results along with intra-genomic divergence of SARS-CoV-2 could indicate that unlike the influenza virus or HIV viruses, SARS-CoV-2 has a low mutation rate which makes the development of an effective global vaccine very likely.
Feed Supplementation with a Commercially Available Probiotic Solution Does Not Alter the Composition of the Microbiome in the Biofilters of Recirculating Aquaculture Systems
Authors: Menanteau-Ledouble Simon , Gonçalves Rui A. , El-Matbouli Mansour
Published: October 2020

Recirculating aquaculture relies on the treatment of ammonia compounds from the water by a bacterial flora growing inside biofilters. Another increasingly common practice in aquaculture is the supplementation of feed with live probiotic bacteria to boost the immune system of the farmed animals and hinder the implantation of pathogenic bacteria. In the present study, we investigated the bacterial flora within the biofilters of recirculating farming units in which African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were being farmed. Our results suggested that these two farming systems could be compatible as feeding of the probiotic feed had no detectable effect on the composition of the microbiome within the biofilters and none of the bacteria from the feed could be detected in the biofilters. These findings suggest that supplementation of the fish feed with probiotic supplements did not interfere with the microbiome residing inside the biofilter and that it is a safe practice in recirculating aquaculture systems.
Genome Sequencing of Paecilomyces Penicillatus Provides Insights into Its Phylogenetic Placement and Mycoparasitism Mechanisms on Morel Mushrooms
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Peng Jingyu , Sun Lei , Bonito Gregory , Guo Yuxiu , Li Yu , Fu Yongping
Published: October 2020

Morels (Morchella spp.) are popular edible fungi with significant economic and scientific value. However, white mold disease, caused by Paecilomyces penicillatus, can reduce morel yield by up to 80% in the main cultivation area in China. Paecilomyces is a polyphyletic genus and the exact phylogenetic placement of P. penicillatus is currently still unclear. Here, we obtained the first high-quality genome sequence of P. penicillatus generated through the single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing platform. The assembled draft genome of P. penicillatus was 40.2 Mb, had an N50 value of 2.6 Mb and encoded 9454 genes. Phylogenetic analysis of single-copy orthologous genes revealed that P. penicillatus is in Hypocreales and closely related to Hypocreaceae, which includes several genera exhibiting a mycoparasitic lifestyle. CAZymes analysis demonstrated that P. penicillatus encodes a large number of fungal cell wall degradation enzymes. We identified many gene clusters involved in the production of secondary metabolites known to exhibit antifungal, antibacterial, or insecticidal activities. We further demonstrated through dual culture assays that P. penicillatus secretes certain soluble compounds that are inhibitory to the mycelial growth of Morchella sextelata. This study provides insights into the correct phylogenetic placement of P. penicillatus and the molecular mechanisms that underlie P. penicillatus pathogenesis.
Effects of Naturally Occurring Mutations in Bovine Leukemia Virus 5′-LTR and Tax Gene on Viral Transcriptional Activity
Authors: Pluta Aneta , Willems Luc , Douville Renée N. , Kuźmak Jacek
Published: October 2020

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a deltaretrovirus infecting bovine B cells and causing enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL). The long terminal repeat (LTR) plays an indispensable role in viral gene expression. The BLV Tax protein acts as the main transactivator of LTR-driven transcription of BLV viral genes. The aim of this study was to analyze mutations in the BLV LTR region and tax gene to determine their association with transcriptional activity. LTRs were obtained from one hundred and six BLV isolates and analyzed for their genetic variability. Fifteen variants were selected and characterized based on mutations in LTR regulatory elements, and further used for in vitro transcription assays. Reporter vectors containing the luciferase gene under the control of each variant BLV promoter sequence, in addition to variant Tax expression vectors, were constructed. Both types of plasmids were used for cotransfection of HeLa cells and the level of luciferase activity was measured as a proxy of transcriptional activity. Marked differences in LTR promoter activity and Tax transactivation activity were observed amongst BLV variants. These results demonstrate that mutations in both the BLV LTR and tax gene can affect the promoter activity, which may have important consequences on proviral load, viral fitness, and transmissibility in BLV-infected cattle.
Estimating the Percentage of a Population Infected with SARS-CoV-2 Using the Number of Reported Deaths: A Policy Planning Tool
Authors: Feikin Daniel R. , Widdowson Marc-Alain , Mulholland Kim
Published: October 2020

The magnitude of future waves of Covid19 in a population will depend, in part, on the percentage of that population already infected, recovered, and presumably immune. Sero-epidemiological surveys can define the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in various populations. However, sero-surveys are resource-intensive and methodologically challenging, limiting widespread use. We propose a relatively simple method for calculating the percentage of a population infected, which depends on the number of reported Covid19 deaths, a figure usually more reliable and less dependent on variable testing practices than the total number of reported Covid19 cases, and the infection fatality rate, a figure that is relatively stable in similar populations. The method can be applied in different sized areas, such as states, districts, or cities. Such an approach can provide useful, real-time estimates of probable population immunity in settings unable to undertake multiple sero-surveys. This method is applicable to low- and lower-middle-income country (LMIC) settings where sero-survey data will likely be limited; however, better estimates of infection fatality rates and Covid19 death counts in LMICs are needed to improve the method’s accuracy. Information on the percentage of a population infected will help public health authorities in planning for future waves of Covid19, including where to most effectively deploy vaccines.
Rosmarinic Acid Methyl Ester Regulates Ovarian Cancer Cell Migration and Reverses Cisplatin Resistance by Inhibiting the Expression of Forkhead Box M1
Authors: Lim Soo Hyun , Nam Ki Hong , Kim Kyungtae , Yi Sang Ah , Lee Jaecheol , Han Jeung-Whan
Published: October 2020

Rosmarinic acid methyl ester (RAME), a derivative of rosmarinic acid (RA), is reported to have several therapeutic effects, including anti-tumor effects against cervical cancer. However, its anti-tumor effects in ovarian cancer is unclear. In this study, we studied the molecular pathways associated with the anti-tumor effects of RAME in ovarian cancer. To identify the effects of RAME in ovarian cancer, RNA sequencing was performed in RAME-treated ovarian cancer cells; we found that RAME treatment downregulated the genes closely involved with the target genes of the transcription factor Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1). It was reported that FOXM1 is overexpressed in a variety of cancer cells and is associated with cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Therefore, we hypothesized that FOXM1 is a key target of RAME; this could result in its anti-tumor effects. Treatment of ovarian cancer cells with RAME-inhibited cell migration and invasion, as shown by wound healing and transwell migration assays. To examine whether RAME represses the action of FOXM1, we performed quantitative RT-PCR and ChIP-qPCR. Treatment of ovarian cancer cells with RAME decreased the mRNA expression of FOXM1 target genes and the binding of FOXM1 to its target genes. Moreover, FOXM1 expression was increased in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells, and combination treatment with RAME and cisplatin sensitized the cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells, which was likely due to FOXM1 inhibition. Our research suggests that RAME is a promising option in treating ovarian cancer patients, as it revealed a novel molecular pathway underlying its anti-tumor effects.
Jeong: A Practical Theology of Postcolonial Interfaith Relations
Authors: Park Sue Kim
Published: October 2020

This article examines Korean American Christians’ involvement in interfaith relations from a practical theology perspective. The author begins the research with the broad question, “What is going on with Korean American Christians in interfaith engagement?” and interrogates more specifically the methods through which they participate in it. Gathering results from ethnographic research, the author claims that Korean American Christians build interfaith relationships through jeong, a collective sentiment many Koreans share. Jeong is an emotional bond that develops and matures over time in interpersonal relationships. As for interfaith engagements, Korean American Christians cultivate organic, messy, affectionate, and sticky relationships, letting jeong seep into their lives across religious, faith, and non-faith lines. The praxis of jeong is analyzed in three categories: (1) love and affection, (2) liberating and healing power, and (3) stickiness and vulnerability.
How Relationship-Enhancing Transcendent Religious Experiences during Adversity Can Encourage Relational Meaning, Depth, Healing, and Action
Authors: Dollahite David C. , Marks Loren D. , Witting Alyssa Banford , LeBaron Ashley B. , Young Kaity Pearl , Chelladurai Joe M.
Published: October 2020

Research on the relationship between religion, spirituality, and health suggests that religious involvement can help people deal with various kinds of adversity. Although there has been a great deal of work on the influence of religious involvement and religious and spiritual practices on physical, mental, and relational health, there exists a gap in the theoretical and empirical literature about the potential benefits of transcendent religious experiences on marriage and family relationships. We report some findings from a study of in-depth interviews with 198 religious American exemplar families from diverse religious, ethnic, and geographic backgrounds. The religious-ethnic make-up of the sample included: African American Christian (13%), Asian Christian (12%), Catholic and Orthodox Christian (11%), White Evangelical Christian (12%), White Mainline Christian (10%), Latter-day Saint (LDS, Mormon), (14%), Jewish (16%), and Muslim (12%). Systematic group coding resulted in the findings that, during times of adversity, transcendent religious experiences reportedly (a) provided relational meaning, (b) increased relational depth, (c) healed relational hurt, and (d) encouraged relational action. We suggest implications for theory, research, clinical practice, and pastoral work.
New Families of Bivariate Copulas via Unit Lomax Distortion
Authors: Aldhufairi Fadal Abdullah-A , Samanthi Ranadeera G.M. , Sepanski Jungsywan H.
Published: October 2020

This article studies a new family of bivariate copulas constructed using the unit-Lomax distortion derived from a transformation of the non-negative Lomax random variable into a variable whose support is the unit interval. Existing copulas play the role of the base copulas that are distorted into new families of copulas with additional parameters, allowing more flexibility and better fit to data. We present general forms for the new bivariate copula function and its conditional and density distributions. The properties of the new family of the unit-Lomax induced copulas, including the tail behaviors, limiting cases in parameters, Kendall’s tau, and concordance order, are investigated for cases when the base copulas are Archimedean, such as the Clayton, Gumbel, and Frank copulas. An empirical application of the proposed copula model is presented. The unit-Lomax distorted copula models outperform the base copulas.
Evaluation of the Pathogenicity and the Escape from Vaccine Protection of a New Antigenic Variant Derived from the European Human-Like Reassortant Swine H1N2 Influenza Virus
Authors: Deblanc Céline , Quéguiner Stéphane , Gorin Stéphane , Chastagner Amélie , Hervé Séverine , Paboeuf Frédéric , Simon Gaëlle
Published: October 2020

The surveillance of swine influenza A viruses in France revealed the emergence of an antigenic variant following deletions and mutations that are fixed in the HA-encoding gene of the European human-like reassortant swine H1N2 lineage. In this study, we compared the outcomes of the parental (H1huN2) and variant (H1huN2Δ14–147) virus infections in experimentally-inoculated piglets. Moreover, we assessed and compared the protection that was conferred by an inactivated vaccine currently licensed in Europe. Three groups of five unvaccinated or vaccinated piglets were inoculated with H1huN2 or H1huN2Δ14–147 or mock-inoculated, respectively. In unvaccinated piglets, the variant strain induced greater clinical signs than the parental virus, in relation to a higher inflammatory response that involves TNF-α production and a huge afflux of granulocytes into the lung. However, both infections led to similar levels of virus excretion and adaptive (humoral and cellular) immune responses in blood. The vaccinated animals were clinically protected from both infectious challenges and did not exhibit any inflammatory responses, regardless the inoculated virus. However, whereas vaccination prevented virus shedding in H1huN2-infected animals, it did not completely inhibit the multiplication of the variant strain, since live virus particles were detected in nasal secretions that were taken from H1huN2Δ14–147-inoculated vaccinated piglets. This difference in the level of vaccine protection was probably related to the poorer ability of the post-vaccine antibodies to neutralize the variant virus than the parental virus, even though post-vaccine cellular immunity appeared to be equally effective against both viruses. These results suggest that vaccine antigens would potentially need to be updated if this variant becomes established in Europe.
Finding the 'right' GP: a qualitative study of the experiences of people with long-COVID
Authors: Kingstone Tom , Taylor Anna K , O'Donnell Catherine A , Atherton Helen , Blane David N , Chew-Graham Carolyn A
Published: October 2020

Background

An unknown proportion of people who had an apparently mild COVID-19 infection continue to suffer with persistent symptoms, including chest pain, shortness of breath, muscle and joint pains, headaches, cognitive impairment (‘brain fog’), and fatigue. Post-acute COVID-19 (‘long-COVID’) seems to be a multisystem disease, sometimes occurring after a mild acute illness; people struggling with these persistent symptoms refer to themselves as ‘long haulers’.

Aim

To explore experiences of people with persisting symptoms following COVID-19 infection, and their views on primary care support received.

Design & setting

Qualitative methodology, with semi-structured interviews to explore perspectives of people with persisting symptoms following suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection. Participants were recruited via social media between July–August 2020.

Method

Interviews were conducted by telephone or video call, digitally recorded, and transcribed with consent. Thematic analysis was conducted applying constant comparison techniques. People with experience of persisting symptoms contributed to study design and data analysis.

Results

This article reports analysis of 24 interviews. The main themes include: the‘hard and heavy work’of enduring and managing symptoms and accessing care; living with uncertainty, helplessness and fear, particularly over whether recovery is possible; the importance of finding the 'right' GP (understanding, empathy, and support needed); and recovery and rehabilitation: what would help?

Conclusion

This study will raise awareness among primary care professionals, and commissioners, of long-COVID and the range of symptoms people are experiencing. Patients require their GP to believe their symptoms and to demonstrate empathy and understanding. Ongoing support by primary care professionals during recovery and rehabilitation is crucial.
La correspondencia entre las partes del vestigio de la Trinidad y la tríada de Sap 11:21 en la obra de Juan Duns Escoto
Authors: Falà Jacopo Francesco
Published: October 2020

El texto bíblico de Sap 11:21 tuvo una notable influencia en la historia de la filosofía medieval. Un ejemplo interesante de su importancia para la especulación teológica de la época se puede encontrar en la doctrina del vestigio de la Trinidad que Agustín elabora y configura en el sentido de una triple correspondencia entre Dios y la criatura. Esta doctrina se extenderá hasta los siglos XIII y XIV donde será central en el contexto del debate sobre el estado de las esencias creaturales, así como sobre el tema de la relación entre Dios y las criaturas. La teoría de Juan Duns Escoto será examinada en profundidad por su originalidad respecto de la tradición agustiniana y de las doctrinas de sus contemporáneos.
La función de los apetitos en la teoría del conocimiento sensitivo de Tomás de Aquino
Authors: Hernández Fernando Gabriel
Published: October 2020

Existe un principio en el pensamiento de Tomás de Aquino que sostiene que todo acto cognoscitivo es intencional. Este principio resulta problemático en el ámbito del conocimiento sensitivo porque contrasta con la idea de que los sentidos son totalmente pasivos y los objetos sensibles son causa suficiente de la percepción. La sinergia de estas tesis genera, al menos, dos conflictos: 1) entre la pasividad de los sentidos y su acción de dirigirse a los objetos; 2) entre la necesidad de la direccionalidad para conocer y la suficiencia de los objetos sensibles para causar la percepción. La aparente inconsistencia en la que caería el Aquinate puede resolverse analizando el rol que cumplen los apetitos intelectual, sensitivo y natural en su teoría del conocimiento sensitivo.
International Experience in Using Rehabilitation Technologies to Restore Health of the Working Population after Occupational and Domestic Injuries: a Review
Authors: Bakhtereva EV , Ryabko EV , Ryabkova TA , Ovchinnikova EE , Leyderman EL
Published: October 2020

Background: Off- and on-the job injuries are characterized by a wide range of sites, formation mechanisms, outcomes, and complications and pose a serious socio-economic problem. Early and timely rehabilitation improves occupational prognosis and is necessary at all disease phases. The objectives of this review include the analysis of gender and age-specific on- and off-the job injuries and identification of possible directions of improving the efficiency of restoring health after injuries using international standards. Methods: We searched Web of Science, PubMed, eLIBRARY and ResearchGate citation databases with the following keywords both in Russian and English: on-the-job injuries, off-the-job injuries, rehabilitation technologies, International Classification of Functioning, and rehabilitation potential, and selected 52 articles out of 70 search results. Having analyzed the selected papers, we included 35 of them in this topical review. Results: The main types of injuries in terms of localization and mechanism of traumatic injury have been established and possible post-traumatic complications leading to temporary, stable, and permanent disability are described. The importance of timely, comprehensive and step-by-step rehabilitation treatment of the consequences of injuries are highlighted in view of allocating basic and additional tasks of this process. Foreign experience of using treatment methodology from the standpoint of rehabilitation potential and rehabilitation diagnosis is demonstrated. Possible directions of increasing the efficiency of the population's health recovery have been analyzed using international standards. The main stages, tasks, and possibilities of medical and social rehabilitation using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) are considered. Conclusions: Our findings show the necessity of introducing this international classification into domestic medical practice in order to highlight individual needs in the rehabilitation process, assess the results of rehabilitation, professional suitability, quality of life and other health indicators.
Immunological Risk Factors for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Chrysotile Asbestos Workers
Authors: Bushueva TV , Roslaya NA , Ankudinova AV , Somova AV , Varaksin AN , Shastin AS , Artemenko EP , Vedernikova MS , Labzova AK , Gribova YuV , Gagarina MS
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The paper presents the results of a retrospective analysis of the incidence rates of community-acquired pneumonia in chrysotile miners and millers in comparison with the adult population of a municipality. It also demonstrates findings of the study of some immune response parameters in Streptococcus pneumoniae carriers among chrysotile asbestos workers. The objective of the research was to study specifics of the development of community-acquired pneumonia and to determine immune indices in healthy workers (Streptococcus pneumoniae carriers) occupationally exposed to chrysotile asbestos. Materials and methods: First, we analyzed community-acquired pneumonia incidence rates in chrysotile asbestos workers. For the retrospective analysis, we extracted comprehensive emergency notifications about cases of infectious disease, food poisoning, acute occupational poisoning, community-acquired pneumonia, and vaccine adverse reactions (Form 058/u) from the Epidemiologic Surveillance Information System maintained by the Sverdlovsk Regional Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology and Federal Statistics Form No. 2 “Information about Infectious and Parasitic Diseases” in the Sverdlovsk Region. We defined jobs and formed three groups of workers with high incidence rates of community-acquired pneumonia: group 1 included workers involved in extraction and transportation of chrysotile asbestos, group 2 consisted of workers of the ore-dressing factory while group 3 included workers of auxiliary subdivisions (logistics, security, administration, central automated control station). In 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2019, the incidence rate of community-acquired pneumonia in workers was significantly higher. The annual increase had been observed since 2016 and reached its maximum of 1,032.97±158.88 in 2019 exceeding the long-term average rate in the industry and the town by 12.77 % and 15 %, respectively. We assessed the immune status and performed a comparative analysis of immunological indices in 143 workers of selected jobs, both carriers and noncarriers of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The carriers demonstrated a significant increase in the production immunoglobulin E indicating general sensitization and immunoglobulin G, a significantly lower relative count of mature T cells, and a higher lymphocyte count in the populations of natural killer cells.
COMPARISON OF INTRAPARTUM CARDIOTOCOGRAPHY & OBSTETRIC DOPPLER IN PREDICTING PERINATAL OUTCOME IN HIGH RISK PREGNANCY
Authors: Gandhi Karishma , Shah Ishit , Patidar Ram Kumar
Published: October 2020

Background: High risk pregnancy needs special antepartum as well as intrapartum care and investigations. CTG is aadmissionscreening test to monitor fetal wellbeing by use of cardiotocograph. It monitors fetal heart rate and uterine contractions. Color Doppler is ultrasound dependent test which uses vascular flow velocities and Doppler waveform to predict fetal outcome.
Objective: Comparison of efficiency of CTG & Color Doppler ultrasound for intrapartum fetal surveillance in high risk pregnancy.
Methods: Retrospective study of 100 high risk pregnancies of ≥ 34 weeks POG in labor with CTG and color Doppler findings were done on admission at Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhuj. Subjects were classified into 4 groups based on CTG and color Doppler findings. Maternal and fetal outcome were recorded and correlated with CTGand color Dopplerfindings.
Results: Most common cause of high-risk pregnancy was preeclampsia(n=60/100,60%).In our study, rate of normal delivery was 40% and c-section was 60% (31% elective & 29% emergency). Out of 100 fetuses, 76 were healthy, 22 were admitted in NICU (6 NICU deaths) and 2 were still birth. Perinatal outcome was most favorable with normal CTG and Color doppler and was least favorable with both of them abnormal. Outcome was intermittent in other two groups. CTG found to have sensitivity 62.5% and specificity 82.5% in detection of adverse fetal outcome. Similarly,sensitivity and specificity of color doppler was 48.8% and 98.6% respectively.
Conclusions: In our study it was found that CTG is more sensitive and color Doppler is more specific in detection of adverse fetal outcome.
An assessment of level of people’s awareness of government policies on the management of e-waste in Enugu urban area, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Ajaelu Henry , Arthur Essaghah , Francis Iloeje
Published: October 2020

E-waste is regarded as any electrical equipment or object which the holder disposes of or is required to dispose of in accordance with the provisions of the national environmental law enforcement. The objective of this paper are to investigate the categories of frequently used and repaired household electronics Enugu Urban area and to determine the disposal practices, policies and regulations that regulate the disposal and management of E-waste in Enugu Urban area. The study area is located within latitude 06o 00’N and 07o 00’N and longitude 07o 00’E and 07o 45’E. The Cochran sample size formula for the 722,664 population was used to determine sample size for the study. This study observed that 31.3% of household electronic products are stored at homes and offices, 38.3% are sold to scavengers who recycle in a crude way, 11.8% said the sale to waste recycling companies which in-turn are scavengers because there are currently no formal e-waste recycling company in Enugu Urban, 29.5% are disposed at ESWAMA dump sites around Enugu Urban who collects and dump at Ugwuaji dumpsite which is currently a residential area, while 19.3% are being disposed anywhere through landfill. Based on the findings and observations of this study, the Study recommends that the State Government through the Ministry of Environment in collaboration with other Ministries should create awareness programs and develop an all-encompassing strategic plan, sustainable models, and policy for E-waste checking, controlling and Management in Enugu Urban
EDUCAÇÃO SEM REDENÇÃO: DEZ REFLEXÕES SOBRE A IMPORTÂNCIA DO LEGADO FREIREANO
Authors: Fischman Gustavo E. , Diaz Victor H.
Published: October 2020

Este artigo discute a importância de continuar incluindo  de maneira crítica o trabalho de Paulo Freire nos programas de formação de professores. Apresentamos e discutimos dez “razões” elaboradas pelos estudantes inseridos no processo de reflexão sobre a utilidade e a adequação de se estudar Pedagogia do oprimido e outros textos de Paulo Freire em programas de graduação e pós-graduação nos Estados Unidos. O artigo apresenta cada uma das razões, utilizando as reflexões dos alunos, a partir das quais discorre, no contexto racional explícito/implícito das sugestões dos alunos, sobre as contribuições para a democratização da educação. Concluímos, diferenciando a noção freireana de “Esperança” das “Narrativas de Redenção” de outras abordagens pedagógicas.
PENGARUH FAKTOR FUNDAMENTAL TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR PERTAMANGAN (Studi Kasus yang Terdaftar di Jakarta Islamic Index)
Authors: Intan Tiara Larassati
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh Net Profit Margin (NPM), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Current Ratio (CR) Terhadap Harga Saham Perusahaan Sektor Pertambangan yang Terdaftar di Jakarta Islamic Index. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang bersumber dari data laporan keuangan perusahaan di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan JII yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan kriteria yang telah ditentukan. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 6 perusahaan. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial Net Profit Margin (NPM), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Current Ratio (CR) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham pada perusahaan pertambangan yang terdaftar di Jakarta Islamic Index.

Kata Kunci : Net Profit Margin (NPM), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Current Ratio (CR), dan Harga Saham
Redo hypospadias repair by a single surgeon after failed hypospadias surgeries: Experience from a developing country
Authors: Md. Abdullah Al Farooq  , MA Mushfiqur Rahman  , Tanvir Kabir Chowdhury
Published: October 2020

Background: Hypospadias surgeries are often complicated with fistulas, meatal stenosis and disruptions. We report our series of redo surgeries for failed primary repairs.

Methods: We prospectively observed all the redo hypospadias repairs done by the principal author between 2013 and 2017. Thiersch-Duplayurethroplasty was done if the urethral plate was adequately wide and intact; tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty was performed if the urethral plate was intact but, narrower than 8 mm; 2 stage procedures were done with oral mucosal graft (OMG) if the urethral plate was deficient or scarred with significant chordee.

Result: There was a total of 31 patients. Age ranged from 18 months to 15 years (mean 8.05 ±4.27 years). Sixteen (51.61%) patients underwent only one surgery, 10 (32.26%) patients underwent 2 surgeries, 2 patients (6.45%) underwent 3 surgeries, and 3 patients (9.68%) underwent 4 surgeries prior to presenting to us before our redo surgeries.We had performed TIP urethroplasty in 16 (51.61%) patients, meatal based flap urethroplasty in 12 (38.71%), OMG followed by urethroplasty in 2 (6.45%), and repair of urethra-cutaneous (UC) fistula in 1 (3.23%) patient. Ten (32.26%) Complications occurred in 8 (25.80%) patients. Unsuccessful repair was noted in 03 (9.67%) patients (UC fistula 1, glans dehiscence with UC fistula 1, and glans dehiscence 1).

Conclusion: Thiersch-Duplay and TIP repair can be successfully performed in redo hypospadiassurgeries with acceptable complication rate. OMG graft can be reserved for cases with gross scarring of the urethral plate.

Keywords: Failed hypospadias repair; Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty; Thiersch-Duplay; Outcome
A Rare Case of Portal Vein Thrombosis due to Protein S deficiency in a patient with Decompensated Cryptogenic CLD with Portal Hypertension, Completely Recanalized by Single Oral Anticoagulant-Rivaroxaban
Authors: Richmond Ronald Gomes
Published: October 2020

Venous thromboembolic diseases are a group of heterogeneous diseases with different clinical forms and prognosis. Abdominal venous thrombosis may present either as Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) caused by hepatic vein or proximal inferior vena cava (IVC) obstruction or as an extra hepatic portal obstruction (EHPVO) caused by Portal vein thrombosis or mesenteric vein thrombosis. Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a rare form of venous thrombosis that affects the hepatic portal vein flow, which can lead to portal hypertension. Treatment of PVT includes anticoagulants, thrombolysis, and insertion of shunts, bypass surgery, and liver transplantation. Single anticoagulation therapy can be associated with a reduction in new thrombotic episodes. Here we experienced a 23 year old young lady with history of recent intrauterine death (IUD) diagnosed as PVT provoked by protein S deficiency with newly diagnosed decompensated cryptogenic chronic liver disease with portal hypertension. PVT was completely recanalized with single oral anticoagulant therapy rivaroxaban as initial low molecular weight heparin, enoxaparin administration caused reversible pancytopenia and there is a concern for bleeding and regular monitoring of INR with warfarin in this patient.

Keywords: Portal vein thrombosis; Chronic liver disease; Protein S deficiency; Oral anticoagulant; Portal hypertension; Thrombolysis
Pengaruh Penggunaan Aplikasi Game pada Smartphone terhadap Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa Program Studi PGSD STKIP PGRI Trenggalek
Authors: Firdausi Anis Jannatul , Febriandari Efi Ika , Setiawan Angga
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out whether there is an influence of the use of game applications on smartphones on the learning outcomes of PGSD STKIP PGRI Trenggalek student learning outcomes, by using quantitative research methods with non-experimental research types or Ex-postfacto. Data obtained by distributing questionnaires through google form with the aim to determine the effect of using game applications on smartphones (independent variables) and documentation to determine student learning outcomes (dependent variable). After the data is collected, it is analyzed by the simple linear regression hypothesis test. The result of analyzing the data it is known that there is a significant influence with the results of r count = 7.774 and consulted with the value of t table = 1.699 with a confidence level of 95%. While the influence of variable X (the use of game applications on smartphones) on the Y variable (learning outcomes) was 49.4%. With these results, the alternative hypothesis is accepted and the null hypothesis is rejected. In other words it can be concluded that there is a significant influence on the use of game applications on smartphones on the learning outcomes of PGSD STKIP PGRI Trenggalek student learning outcomes.