bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community structure and comparative analysis of the woody component of a cerrado remnant in Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Ishara Katia Losano , Maimoni-Rodella Rita de Cassia Sindrônia
Published: April 2013

The aims of the present work were to carry out a floristic-structural study of the shrubby-arboreal component of a savanna fragment (cerrado sensu stricto) in São Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil, and to compare with other areas. Twenty one plots of 250 m² each were delimited and plants with stem basal diameter equal or superior to 3 cm were included in the sampling. The recorded individuals corresponded to 3,062 and 58 species belonging to 34 families were registered. Asteraceae had the largest number of species (seven), followed by Fabaceae and Myrtaceae (five each). The most important species were Tibouchina stenocarpa and Anadenanthera falcata. The floristic composition of the study area indicates that it might be considered a transition from cerrado to seasonal semi-deciduous forest. The comparison with other surveys indicates floristic-structural heterogeneity of these cerrado areas and the multivariate analysis showed that areas grouped according to their geographical position and soil type.
Cosmarium (Desmidiaceae, Zygnemaphyceae) da ficoflórula perifítica do reservatório de Rosana, bacia do rio Paranapanema, Paraná/São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Felisberto Sirlene Aparecida , Rodrigues Liliana
Published: April 2013

Com este trabalho, objetivou-se divulgar espécies pertencentes ao gênero Cosmarium Corda, da comunidade perifítica de três regiões do reservatório de Rosana, Sul do Brasil. As amostras foram coletadas durante o período de verão e inverno em distintas regiões ao longo do eixo rio-barragem do reservatório. Os substratos coletados, sempre na região litorânea e em todos os pontos de coleta, foram pecíolos de Eichhornia azurea Kunth. Foram identificados 48 táxons, distribuídos nas regiões fluvial, intermediária e lacustre. Dentre estes táxons, 45 foram registrados para o período do verão e 31 para o inverno. Maior riqueza de espécies ocorreu na região lacustre para ambos os períodos de coleta. Cosmarium abbreviatum Raciborski var. minus (West & West) Krieger & Gerloff, C. granatum Brébisson ex Ralfs, C. pseudoconnatum Nordstedt, C. punctulatum Brébisson e C. quadrum Lundell var. minus Nordstedt ocorreram em todas as regiões amostradas e em ambos os períodos.
Desmídias (Zygnemaphyceae) do Rio São João, Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Bortolini Jascieli Carla , Meurer Thamis , Bueno Norma Catarina
Published: April 2013

O presente trabalho é a identificação da desmidioflórula do Rio São João, Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brasil. As amostras foram coletadas no período de junho de 2008 a maio de 2009, em três estações de amostragem do rio São João. As amostras analisadas, coletadas com rede de plâncton com abertura de malha de 25 µm foram imediatamente fixadas em solução de Transeau. Foram identificados 44 táxons distribuídos nos gêneros Actinotaenium (1), Bambusina (1), Closterium (7), Cosmarium (11), Desmidium (1), Euastrum (2), Gonatozygon (3), Micrasterias (5), Netrium (1), Octacanthium (1), Pleurotaenium (1), Spondylosium (2), Staurastrum (4), Staurodesmus (2), Teilingia (1), Xanthidium (1). Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs foi o gênero que obteve maior representatividade no estudo, com 25% dos táxons documentados para o local.
Criptógamos do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP: algas, 27: Euglenophyceae (famílias Petalomonadaceae e Scytomonadaceae)
Authors: Bicudo Carlos Eduardo de Mattos
Published: April 2013

Levantamento florístico dos representantes das famílias Petalomonadaceae e Scytomonadaceae (Euglenophyceae) do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, Brasil. Um gênero de Petalomonadaceae (Petalomonas) com duas espécies e um de Scytomonadaceae (Scytomonas) com apenas uma espécie foram identificados. Todas as três espécies ocorreram somente em uma localidade cada uma.
Criptógamos do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP: algas, 28: Euglenophyceae (família Eutreptiaceae)
Authors: Bicudo Carlos Eduardo de Mattos
Published: April 2013

Levantamento florístico dos representantes da família Eutreptiaceae (Euglenophyceae) do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, Brasil. Três gêneros (Beulahmonas, Hegneria e Isonema) e quatro espécies (uma de Beulahmonas, uma de Hegneria e duas de Isonema) de Eutreptiaceae foram identificados. Cada uma das quatro espécies ocorreu somente em uma localidade.
Pileate polypores from Araucaria Forests in Southern Brazil
Authors: Westphalen Mauro Carpes , Silveira Rosa Mara Borges da
Published: April 2013

During a survey of polypores in the municipality of São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, 20 pileate species previously unregistered for the area were found and identified. Antrodia malicola, Coltricia aff. duportii, and Microporellus brasiliensis are new records for Rio Grande do Sul State. Comments on the 20 newly recorded species and an identification key for the studied area are presented.
O gênero Senna Mill. (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Cassieae) no Parque Estadual da Serra Dourada, GO, Brasil
Authors: Dantas Murilo Melo , Silva Marcos José da
Published: April 2013

É apresentado o estudo taxonômico do gênero Senna para o Parque Estadual da Serra Dourada, GO, como parte do projeto Diversidade de Leguminosae do Cerrado do Brasil Central. Foram reconhecidos 10 táxons: Senna alata, S. corifolia var. caesia, S. georgica, S. multijuga subsp. multijuga, S. obtusifolia, S. occidentalis, S. pendula var. glabrata, S. pilifera, S. rugosa e S. silvestris subsp. bifaria. São apresentadas descrições, chave de identificação, ilustrações, distribuição geográfica e comentários taxonômicos dos táxons.
Brioflora (Bryophyta e Marchantiophyta) da Ilha do Combu, Belém, PA, Brasil
Authors: Moura Osvanda Silva de , Ilkiu-Borges Anna Luiza , Brito Eliete da Silva
Published: April 2013

Somam-se poucos trabalhos com briófitas realizados em ilhas no Brasil. A maioria dos estudos em ilhas está concentrada no Estado de São Paulo e no Pará, no qual foram estudadas as Ilhas do Marajó, Germoplasma (no reservatório de Tucuruí), Algodoal-Maiandeua e Trambioca. Todavia, somente a região insular do município de Belém totaliza 39 ilhas, dentre as quais figura a Ilha do Combu, a qual é uma Área de Proteção Ambiental essencialmente formada por floresta de várzea, um dos principais tipos de florestas inundáveis amazônicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a brioflora da Ilha do Combu, Belém, PA, através da riqueza e o número de ocorrência de musgos e hepáticas, fornecendo dados sobre a ecologia e distribuição geográfica das espécies no Brasil, além de comentários morfológicos e taxonômicos, quando necessários. As coletas foram realizadas em 17 parcelas de 10 × 10 m, sendo nove em várzea alta e oito em várzea baixa. No total, foram identificadas 72 espécies (27 musgos e 45 hepáticas). Lejeuneaceae foi a família mais representativa com 41 espécies. Foi observada maior riqueza e número de ocorrência de espécies em várzea alta.
Diversidade de organismos zoospóricos heterotróficos do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP, Brasil: novas citações
Authors: Jesus Ana Lúcia de , Marano Agostina Virginia , Schoenlein-Crusius Iracema Helena , Pires-Zottarelli Carmen Lidia Amorim
Published: April 2013

Visando o levantamento dos organismos zoospóricos heterotróficos pertencentes aos filos Blastocladiomycota, Chytridiomycota e Oomycota do Córrego Pirarungaua, situado no Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (PEFI), São Paulo, SP, Brasil, foram coletadas amostras de água e folhedo misto, no período de junho/2011 a abril/2012. No laboratório, as amostras foram transferidas para placas-de-petri esterilizadas e tratadas pelo método de iscagem múltipla com substratos celulósicos, queratinosos e quitinosos. Foram identificados 42 táxons, sendo 27 deles ao nível específico. Sete espécies são novas citações para o Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga: Cladochytrium setigerum Karling, Diplophlyctis intestina (Schenk) J. Schröt, Myzocytiopsis humana (Karling) M.W. Dick, Nowakowskiella elongata Karling, Nowakowskiella multispora Karling, Plectospira myriandra Drechsler e Pythium graminicola Subramanian, as quais são descritas, comentadas e ilustradas. Myzocytiopsis humana é mencionada pela primeira vez no Brasil.
Pea seed treatment for Rhizoctonia solani control
Authors: Silva Patrícia Pereira da , Freitas Raquel Alves de , Nascimento Warley Marcos
Published: April 2013

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficiency of fungicides for pea seed treatment against damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani and to verify their effects on physiological seed quality. 'Mikado' pea seeds were treated with the following fungicides: Carbendazim, Carbendazim + Thiram, Captan, Iprodione, Iprodione + Thiram, Metalaxyl-M + Fludioxonil, Pencycuron, Procymidone and Tolyfluanid. Control seeds were treated with deionized water. Physiological seed quality was evaluated with the following tests: germination, first count, accelerated aging and electrical conductivity. Seeds were sown in soil inoculated and no inoculated with R. solani. The experimental design was completely random with four replications. Seedling emergence was reduced in inoculated soil and the best treatments for R. solani control were Carbendazim, Pencycuron, Iprodione and Carbendazim + Thiram. Captan reduced seed physiological quality in both the laboratory and field.
Physiological quality of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) seeds during storage
Authors: Pereira Márcio Dias , Dias Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos , Borges Eduardo Euclydes de Lima e , Martins Filho Sebastião , Dias Luiz Antônio dos Santos , Soriano Paulo Emídio
Published: April 2013

The physic nut has been considered as one of the oilseed plants species with the highest potential for biofuel production. Oleaginous seeds demand special care during storage to maintain their quality. This study aimed to establish the most adequate conditions for their storage. Freshly-harvested seeds were dried until 7.2 moisture content and stored along a year, under the following conditions: environmental laboratory and cold chamber ( ±5 ºC and 60% RH), into paper bag, polypropylene bag, and cardboard barrel. Physiological quality was then assessed by the tests: germination; first count; germination speed index; seedling length; accelerated aging; cold test; field emergence; and emergence speed index, after zero, three, six, nine, and 12 months. There was linear reduction of germination and vigor of the seeds after storage under environmental laboratory condition, into paper or polypropylene bags, and cardboard barrel. Physiological quality was higher after storage in cold chamber, into paper or polypropylene bags; and into cardboard barrel, at environmental laboratory condition.
Physiological performance of wheat seeds coated with micronutrients
Authors: Tavares Lizandro Ciciliano , Rufino Cassyo de Araújo , Brunes André Pich , Friedrich Felipe Freire , Barros Antonio Carlos Souza Albuquerque , Villela Francisco Amaral
Published: April 2013

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological performance of wheat seeds coated with micronutrients. The treatments were combinations of two products based on micronutrients, product "A": 780.0 g.L-1 of zinc and product "B": 182.4, 7.6 and 45.6 g.L-1 of zinc, boron and molybdenum, respectively, with five dosages of the products: 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mL. kg-1 seed, totaling 10 treatments with four replications. Physiological quality of the treated seed was evaluated from germination and vigor tests and the early plant growth from determinations of shoot dry weight, plant height and leaf area at 10, 20 and 30 days after emergence (DAE), as well as the rate of crop growth, relative and net assimilation. Seed yield and physiological quality were determined after harvest. It was concluded that coating wheat seeds with the product "A" , based on zinc and "B", consisting of zinc, boron and molybdenum, respectively, up to a dosage of 4 mL.kg-1 seed, did not adversely affect the physiological quality of the treated seeds or those produced. Both products tested resulted in increases in leaf area, plant height and shoot dry weight up to 30 DAE, as well as a higher seed yield.
Assessment of physiological potential of stored pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds
Authors: Mielezrski Fábio , Marcos-Filho Julio
Published: April 2013

Research on pea seed storage and the identification of efficient seed vigor tests for this species is still insufficient, especially for cultivars that produce wrinkled seeds used for consumption in natura. The objective of this study was to verify the accuracy of tests to assess the physiological potential of pea seed lots stored in different environments. Four seed lots of two cultivars, 'Telefone Alta' (indeterminate growth habit) and 'Itapuã' (determinate growth habit) were stored under different environmental conditions for 8 months: a) laboratory uncontrolled b) dry and cold chamber (10 ºC and 30% RH), c) controlled environment (20 ºC and 70% RH). Seed vigor (accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, seedling length and seedling emergence) was evaluated initially and after four and eight months storage. Results showed that the use of seed lots of high initial physiological potential is fundamental for guaranteeing the desired performance of pea seeds during storage. Wrinkled pea seeds should be stored between harvest and sowing in an environment in which the sum of the relative humidity (%) and temperature (°C) does not exceed 70. Physiological potential of pea seeds should be evaluated by at least two vigor tests; consideration to accelerated aging and electrical conductivity tests is recommended.
Physiological quality of eggplant seeds with different extraction and drying methods
Authors: França Leomara Vieira de , Croda Mariana Dierings , Nascimento Warley Marcos , Freitas Raquel Alves de
Published: April 2013

During seed extraction in fleshy fruits, some procedures are necessary to ensure seed quality and minimize deterioration and microorganism activity; also seeds extracted under moist conditions need special care when drying. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of eggplant seeds submitted to different extraction and drying methods. In the first study, whole eggplant fruits were mechanically crushed and then fermented for 0, 24 and 48 hours, with and without applying hydrochloric acid during seed extraction. In the second study, seeds were extracted in a pepper peeler and then immediately washed in water and submitted to the following drying methods: Sun/24 h; Sun/48 h; 32 °C/24 h; 32 °C/48 h; 38 °C/24 h; 38 °C/48 h; Sun/24 h + 32 °C/24 h; Sun/24 h + 38 °C/24 h e 32 °C/24 h + 38 °C/24 h. The treatment efficiency of both experiments was evaluated from the following tests: seed weight, germination, first count, accelerated aging and seedling emergence. The results suggest that fermentation and applying hydrochloric acid to pulp/seed reduce the physiological seed quality. All drying methods reduced the seed moisture content permitting adequate storage and maintenance of seed physiological quality.
Seed vigor and initial growth of corn crop
Authors: Mondo Vitor Henrique Vaz , Cicero Silvio Moure , Dourado-Neto Durval , Pupim Túlio Lourenço , Dias Marcos Altomani Neves
Published: April 2013

Seed vigor is a characteristic that determines potential for fast and uniform seedling emergence and establishment of crops. Such characteristic defines crop initial growth what could have direct and indirect effects on capacity of plants in capturing natural nutritive resources and intervene in their competition intra- and interspecific. Aiming at identifying and understanding the possible effects of seed vigor on crop initial growth a field experiment was performed during two years at University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; using two seed lots at each year, which were previously characterized by tests of physiological potential as high and low vigor. Thus, five different ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100) of seeds originating from seed lots with higher or lower vigor were used. Assessments were performed at the phenological stages of four and eight leaves by assessing plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area index. It was also observed that mean values for all variables assessed have increased according to increase of seeds with high vigor at planting row. Therefore, it is concluded that increased percentage of seeds with high vigor results in greater initial growth of cron crop until phenological stage of eight leaves.
Foliar application of silicon and the effect on wheat seed yield and quality
Authors: Segalin Samantha Rigo , Huth Caroline , Rosa Thais D'Avila , Pahins Diógenes Barella , Mertz Liliane Marcia , Nunes Ubirajara Russi , Martin Thomas Newton
Published: April 2013

Adequate nutrients for plants are important for increasing the yield and quality of the seeds produced. The objective of this study was to evaluate foliar fertilization with silicon in wheat and its effect on seed yield and physiological quality. Treatments consisted of two silicon dosages (three and six liters silicon per hectare) and the control (no silicon) and five wheat cultivars: OR "Quartzo", OR "Ônix", Fundacep "Linhagem", Fundacep "Campo Real" and Fundacep "Horizonte". The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. After physiological maturity, harvesting and threshing of the seeds were done manually. Seed samples were evaluated for yield and physiological quality from the germination test, first germination count, seedling dry weight, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, 1000 seeds and hectoliter weights. The results showed that the foliar application of silicon at the dosages tested did not affect the yield and physiological quality of the seeds produced by the wheat cultivars.
Water uptake and pre-germination treatments in macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata - Arecaceae) seeds
Authors: Rodrigues Junior Ailton Gonçalves , Oliveira Túlio Gabriel Soares , Souza Patrícia Pereira de , Ribeiro Leonardo Monteiro
Published: April 2013

The aims of this study were to evaluate the influence of embryo adjacent tissues in water uptake and treatments to release dormancy in macaw palm seeds. To assess water absorption with or without the opercular tegument (OT), seeds were immersed in water for 0, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 168, 240, 360, 480 and 720 hours and the water content of isolated embryos and seeds was determined. In seeds with or without OT, gibberellic acid (GA3) solutions at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg.L-1 were applied on the OT region using a culture medium. In another experiment, the OT was removed or left intact and the seeds immersed in hydrogen cyanamide solutions (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5%). The percentage germination, germination speed index (GSI) and percentage dead seeds were determined. The OT does not prevent embryo water uptake but reduces water absorption speed. The use of GA3 in a culture medium applied to the OT region did not effectively release dormancy. The use of cyanamide at these concentrations increased seed mortality, resulting in a low germination. OT removal increased the GSI.
Treatment of wheat seed with zinc, fungicide, and polymer: seed quality and yield
Authors: Rufino Cassyo Araujo , Tavares Lizandro Ciciliano , Brunes André Pich , Lemes Elisa Souza , Villela Francisco Amaral
Published: April 2013

The objective of this study was to assess performance of wheat seeds after application of three components [fungicide, zinc (Zn), and polymer], separately or with their combinations, as well as assessing seed quality and yield. Thus, the treatments consisted in combinations of fungicide + zinc (Zn) + polymer, totaling six treatments, with four replicates per treatment, as follow: T0 - without application of Zn, fungicide, or polymer (control); T1 - Zn; T2 - Zn + polymer; T3 - polymer; T4 - fungicide; T5 - polymer + fungicide; and T6 - Zn + polymer + fungicide. The performance of the seeds originating from plants whose seeds had been pre-treated was assessed by tests of germination and vigor, in addition to analyzes of growth and yield. It was concluded that wheat seeds treated with zinc, fungicide and polymer are positively influenced until 30 days after emergence. The germination of wheat seeds is positively influenced by the treatment with fungicide, as much when separately applied as in combined application with zinc and polymer. The yield per plant increases when seeds are treated with Zn.
Pre-germination treatments and storage of cassava seeds and their correlation with emergence of seedlings
Authors: Mezzalira Itamara , Costa Caroline Jácome , Vieira Eduardo Alano , Fialho Josefino de Freitas , Silva Marilia Santos , Denke Marcelo Luiz , Silva Karina Nascimento da
Published: April 2013

Despite propagation of the cassava crop be done by cuttings for commercial purposes, the majority of accesses keeps active the sexual propagation system; what is essential to genetic breeding programs. Cassava seeds, however, have low and uneven germination rates. Considering such event, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the storage, and different pre-germination treatments, on cassava seedling emergence. For this, an experiment was carried out with seeds obtained by open pollination between plants of four sweet cassava cultivars, with 10 pre-germination treatments; in addition to a control treatment. The viability of seeds subjected to different treatments was assessed by tetrazolium test; and the assessment of seedling emergence was performed by daily counts of the number of emerged seedlings. Data obtained were expressed in: emergence percentage; emergence speed index; and mean time of seedling emergence. It was concluded that storage, at 4 °C, during one year, increases seed emergence percentage and favors cassava seedling emergence speed; and that the dry heat (60 ºC), during seven and 14 days, also favors their emergence speed .
Electro- and photo-chemistry of rhenium and rhodium complexes for carbon dioxide and proton reduction: a mini review
Authors: Portenkirchner Engelbert , Oppelt Kerstin , Egbe Daniel A. M. , Knör Günther , Sariçiftçi Niyazi Serdar
Published: April 2013

Rhenium and rhodium complexes with bipyridyl ligands have been proven to be efficient homogeneous catalysts in the field of carbon dioxide and proton reduction. In this work, the authors provide several examples of these compounds with modified ligand structures and discuss their electro- and photo-catalytic capabilities toward carbon dioxide reduction and NAD+ cofactor regeneration. The electrocatalysis is studied by cyclic voltammetry and controlled potential electrolysis for determining the over potentials, Faradaic efficiencies and reaction rate constants. In addition, the photophysics of these compounds is discussed based on UV-visible absorption, photoluminescence and infrared absorption spectroscopy. Results on comparing two different rhenium catalysts for homogeneous photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction using a sacrificial electron donor are reported.
Review on absorption technology with emphasis on small capacity absorption machines
Authors: Labus Jerko , Bruno Carles , Coronas Alberto
Published: April 2013

The aim of this paper is to review the past achievements in the field of
absorption systems, their potential and possible directions for future
development. Various types of absorption systems and research on working
fluids are discussed in detail. Among various applications, solar cooling and
combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) are identified as two most
promising applications for further development of absorption machines. Under
the same framework, special attention is given to the small capacity
absorption machines and their current status at the market. Although this
technology looks promising, it is still in development and many issues are
open. With respect to that fact, this paper covers all the relevant aspects
for further development of small capacity absorption machines.
Size of the lower third molar space in relation to age in Serbian population
Authors: Zelic Ksenija , Nedeljkovic Nenad
Published: April 2013

Background/Aim. It is considered that the shortage of space is the major
cause of the third molar impaction. The aim of this study was to establish
the frequency of insufficient lower third molar eruption space in Serbian
population, to question the differences in this frequency in the subjects of
different age, to determine the influence of the lower third molar space
(retromolar space) size on third molar eruption, and to investigate a
possible correlation between the size of gonial angle and the space/third
molar width ratio. Methods. Digital orthopantomograms were taken from 93
patients divided into two groups: early adult (16-18 years of age) and adult
(18-26) patients. Retromolar space, mesiodistal third molar crown width,
gonial angle and eruption levels were measured. Results. The space/third
molar width in early adult subjects was smaller (p < 0.0001) and insufficient
space was significantly more frequent (p = 0.0003) than in adult patients.
Considerably more third molars erupted in case of enough space in both age
groups (p < 0.0001). There was no difference between the means of gonial
angle size in relations to the available space. Conclusions. The retromolar
space/third molar width ratio is more favorable in adult subjects. Gonial
angle is not in correlation with the retromolar space/third molar width
ratio.
Learning Object Relationships which determine the Outcome of Actions
Authors: Fichtl Severin , Alexander John , Kraft Dirk , Jørgensen Jimmy Alison , Krüger Norbert , Guerin Frank
Published: April 2013

Infants extend their repertoire of behaviours from initially simple behaviours with single objects to complex behaviours dealing with spatial relationships among objects. We are interested in the mechanisms underlying this development in order to achieve similar development in artificial systems. One mechanism is sensorimotor differentiation, which allows one behaviour to become altered in order to achieve a different result; the old behaviour is not forgotten, so differentiation increases the number of available behaviours. Differentiation requires the learning of both sensory abstractions and motor programs for the new behaviour; here we focus only on the sensory aspect: learning to recognise situations in which the new behaviour succeeds. We experimented with learning these situations in a realistic physical simulation of a robotic manipulator interacting with various objects, where the sensor space includes the robot arm position data and a Kinect-based vision system. The mechanism for learning sensory abstractions for a new behaviour is a component in the larger enterprise of building systems which emulate the mechanisms of infant development.
Watt's Archive Fever
Authors: Lozier Claire
Published: April 2013

This article aims to understand what is at stake conceptually in Watt's complex play with its own archive and textual materiality. In doing so, the article deploys categories developed by Jacques Derrida in Archive Fever: A Freudian Impression. The article examines the work of the archive drive and of the destruction drive in Beckett's novel and shows that Watt suffers from an archive fever that is also, ultimately, a fictional and farcical affliction as well as a creative process.
Derivation of 2D Power-Law Velocity Distribution Using Entropy Theory
Authors: Singh Vijay , Marini Gustavo , Fontana Nicola
Published: April 2013

The one-dimensional (1D) power law velocity distribution, commonly used for computing velocities in open channel flow, has been derived empirically. However, a multitude of problems, such as scour around bridge piers, cutoffs and diversions, pollutant dispersion, and so on, require the velocity distribution in two dimensions. This paper employs the Shannon entropy theory for deriving the power law velocity distribution in two-dimensions (2D). The development encompasses the rectangular domain, but can be extended to any arbitrary domain, including a trapezoidal domain. The derived methodology requires only a few parameters and the good agreement is confirmed by comparing the velocity values calculated using the proposed methodology with values derived from both the 1D power law model and a logarithmic velocity distribution available in the literature.
A Comparative Review of North American Tundra Delineations
Authors: Silver Kirk , Carroll Mark
Published: April 2013

Recent profound changes have been observed in the Arctic environment, including record low sea ice extents and high latitude greening. Studying the Arctic and how it is changing is an important element of climate change science. The Tundra, an ecoregion of the Arctic, is directly related to climate change due to its effects on the snow ice feedback mechanism and greenhouse gas cycling. Like all ecoregions, the Tundra border is shifting, yet studies and policies require clear delineation of boundaries. There are many options for ecoregion classification systems, as well as resources for creating custom maps. To help decision makers identify the best classification system possible, we present a review of North American Tundra ecoregion delineations and further explore the methodologies, purposes, limitations, and physical properties of five common ecoregion classification systems. We quantitatively compare the corresponding maps by area using a geographic information system.
A Review of the “Omics” Approach to Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Oryza sativa
Authors: Ma Nyuk , Rahmat Zaidah , Lam Su
Published: April 2013

Physiological and ecological constraints that cause the slow growth and depleted production of crops have raised a major concern in the agriculture industry as they represent a possible threat of short food supply in the future. The key feature that regulates the stress signaling pathway is always related to the reactive oxygen species (ROS). The accumulation of ROS in plant cells would leave traces of biomarkers at the genome, proteome, and metabolome levels, which could be identified with the recent technological breakthrough coupled with improved performance of bioinformatics. This review highlights the recent breakthrough in molecular strategies (comprising transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) in identifying oxidative stress biomarkers and the arising opportunities and obstacles observed in research on biomarkers in rice. The major issue in incorporating bioinformatics to validate the biomarkers from different omic platforms for the use of rice-breeding programs is also discussed. The development of powerful techniques for identification of oxidative stress-related biomarkers and the integration of data from different disciplines shed light on the oxidative response pathways in plants.
A Conus regularis Conotoxin with a Novel Eight-Cysteine Framework Inhibits CaV2.2 Channels and Displays an Anti-Nociceptive Activity
Authors: Bernáldez Johanna , Román-González Sergio , Martínez Oscar , Jiménez Samanta , Vivas Oscar , Arenas Isabel , Corzo Gerardo , Arreguín Roberto , García David , Possani Lourival , Licea Alexei
Published: April 2013

A novel peptide, RsXXIVA, was isolated from the venom duct of Conus regularis, a worm-hunting species collected in the Sea of Cortez, México. Its primary structure was determined by mass spectrometry and confirmed by automated Edman degradation. This conotoxin contains 40 amino acids and exhibits a novel arrangement of eight cysteine residues (C-C-C-C-CC-CC). Surprisingly, two loops of the novel peptide are highly identical to the amino acids sequence of ω-MVIIA. The total length and disulfide pairing of both peptides are quite different, although the two most important residues for the described function of ω-MVIIA (Lys2 and Tyr13) are also present in the peptide reported here. Electrophysiological analysis using superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons indicates that RsXXIVA inhibits CaV2.2 channel current in a dose-dependent manner with an EC50 of 2.8 μM, whose effect is partially reversed after washing. Furthermore, RsXXIVA was tested in hot-plate assays to measure the potential anti-nociceptive effect to an acute thermal stimulus, showing an analgesic effect in acute thermal pain at 30 and 45 min post-injection. Also, the toxin shows an anti-nociceptive effect in a formalin chronic pain test. However, the low affinity for CaV2.2 suggests that the primary target of the peptide could be different from that of ω-MVIIA.
A Selenium-Based Ionic Liquid as a Recyclable Solvent for the Catalyst-Free Synthesis of 3-Selenylindoles
Authors: Zimmermann Everton , Thurow Samuel , Freitas Camilo , Mendes Samuel , Perin Gelson , Alves Diego , Jacob Raquel , Lenardão Eder
Published: April 2013

The ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methylselenite, [bmim][SeO2(OCH3)], was successfully used as solvent in the catalyst-free preparation of 3-arylselenylindoles by the reaction of indole with ArSeCl at room temperature. The products were obtained selectively in good yields without the need of any additive and the solvent was easily reused for several cycles with good results.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New 2-Azetidinones with Sulfonamide Structures
Authors: Dragostin Oana , Lupascu Florentina , Vasile Cornelia , Mares Mihai , Nastasa Valentin , Moraru Ramona , Pieptu Dragos , Profire Lenuta
Published: April 2013

New series of N-(arylidene)hydrazinoacetyl sulfonamides 4a1–6, 4b1–6 and N-(4-aryl-3-chloro-2-oxoazetidin-1-yl)aminoacetyl sulfonamides 5a1–6, 5b1–6 were synthesized. The structures of the new derivatives was confirmed using spectral methods (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR). The antibacterial activities of these compounds against Gram positive (Staphyloccoccus aureus ATCC 6583, Staphyloccoccus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 25912) and Gram negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae CIP 53153, Proteus vulgaris CIP 104989, Citrobacter freundii CIP 5732, Enterobacter cloacae CIP 103475, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa CIP 82118) bacterial strains were evaluated using the broth micro-dilution method. Compound 4a2 displayed the highest antibacterial activity, especially against Staphyloccoccus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antioxidant potential of the synthesized compounds was also investigated according to ferric reducing power, total antioxidant activity and DPPH radical scavenging assays. All tested compounds showed excellent antioxidant activity in comparison with sulfadiazine and sulfisoxazole which were used as parent sulfonamides. Moreover, some of them showed an antioxidant activity comparable with that of ascorbic acid. In general, the compounds designed based on a sulfadiazine skeleton (compounds 4a1–6, 5a1–6) are more active than those obtained from sulfisoxazole (compounds 4b1–6, 5b1–6), and the N-(arylidene)hydrazinoacetyl sulfonamide derivatives 4a1–6, 4b1–6 are more active than their azetidionone analogues 5a1–6, 5b1–6.
A New Nonenzymatic Method and Device to Obtain a Fat Tissue Derivative Highly Enriched in Pericyte-Like Elements by Mild Mechanical Forces from Human Lipoaspirates
Authors: Bianchi Francesca , Maioli Margherita , Leonardi Erika , Olivi Elena , Pasquinelli Gianandrea , Valente Sabrina , Mendez Armando J. , Ricordi Camillo , Raffaini Mirco , Tremolada Carlo , Ventura Carlo
Published: April 2013

Adipose tissue contains multipotent elements with phenotypic and gene expression profiles similar to human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and pericytes. The chance of clinical translation of the multilineage potential of these cells is delayed by the poor/negligible cell survival within cryopreserved lipoaspirates, the difficulty of ex vivo expansion, and the complexity of current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) requirements for expanded cells. Hence, availability of a minimally manipulated, autologous, hMSC/pericyte-enriched fat product would have remarkable biomedical and clinical relevance. Here, we present an innovative system, named Lipogems, providing a nonexpanded, ready-to-use fat product. The system uses mild mechanical forces in a completely closed system, avoiding enzymes, additives, and other manipulations. Differently from unprocessed lipoaspirate, the nonexpanded Lipogems product encompasses a remarkably preserved vascular stroma with slit-like capillaries wedged between adipocytes and stromal stalks containing vascular channels with evident lumina. Immunohistochemistry revealed that Lipogems stromal vascular tissue included abundant cells with pericyte/hMSC identity. Flow cytometry analysis of nonexpanded, collagenase-treated Lipogems product showed that it was comprised with a significantly higher percentage of mature pericytes and hMSCs, and lower amount of hematopoietic elements, than enzymatically digested lipoaspirates. Differently from the lipoaspirate, the distinctive traits of freshly isolated Lipogems product were not altered by cryopreservation. Noteworthy, the features of fresh product were retained in the Lipogems product obtained from human cadavers, paving the way to an off-the-shelf strategy for reconstructive procedures and regenerative medicine. When placed in tissue culture medium, the Lipogems product yielded a highly homogeneous adipose tissue-derived hMSC population, exhibiting features of hMSCs isolated from other sources, including the classical commitment to osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. Moreover, the transcription of vasculogenic genes in Lipogems-derived adipose tissue hMSCs was enhanced at a significantly greater extent by a mixture of natural provasculogenic molecules, when compared to hMSCs isolated from enzymatically digested lipoaspirates.
L'émergence d'un discours de l'innovation managériale – le cas du Balanced Scorecard
Authors: Méric Jérôme
Published: April 2013

Le balanced scorecard est une technique dont le caractère innovant a été peu discuté, si ce n’est en France. Ce cas particulier suscite donc des interrogations quant à sa nature d’innovation managériale. Pour y répondre, le recours à la terminologie, et plus généralement à des critères ayant trait à la substance de cette technique, se révèle aboutir à une impasse théorique et empirique. Cet article propose une alternative à ces démarches, en se fondant sur l’hypothèse que la nature d’une innovation managériale relève avant tout du discours. L’étude du contexte discursif qui fonde le caractère novateur du balanced scorecard aboutit à la formulation de ce que l’on appelle les « marqueurs » du discours de l’innovation managériale, à savoir la rupture, l’avantage, et la systématicité.
Combining Security and Privacy in Requirements Engineering
Authors: Abu-Nimeh Saeed , Mead Nancy R.
Published: April 2013

Security requirements engineering identifies security risks in software in the early stages of the development cycle. In this chapter, the authors present a security requirements approach dubbed SQUARE. They integrate privacy requirements into SQUARE to identify privacy risks in addition to security risks. They present a privacy elicitation technique and then combine security risk assessment techniques with privacy risk assessment techniques.
Quality of Health Assistants in primary Health centres in Rural Maharashtra, India
Authors: Ganguly Enakshi , Garg Bishan S.
Published: April 2013

Introduction

Health assistants are important functionaries of the primary health care system in India. Their role is supervision of field-based services among other things. A quality assurance mechanism for these health assistants is lacking. The present study was undertaken with the objectives of developing a tool to assess the quality of health assistants in primary health centres (PHCs) and to assess their quality using this tool.

Methodology

Health assistants from three PHCs in the Wardha district of India were observed for a year using a tool developed from primary health care management Aavancement program modules. Data was collected by direct observation, interview, and review of records for quality of activities.

Results

Staff strength of health assistants was 87.5%. None of the health assistants were clear about their job descriptions. A supervisory schedule for providing supportive supervision to auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs) was absent; most field activities pertaining to maternal and child health received poor focus. Monthly meetings lacked a clear agenda, and comments on quality improvement of services provided by the ANMs were missing.

Conclusion

Continuous training with sensitization on quality issues is required to improve the unsatisfactory quality.
The Ordered K-theory of a Full Extension
Authors: Eilers Søren , Restorff Gunnar , Ruiz Efren
Published: April 2013

Let be a C*-algebra with real rank zero that has the stable weak cancellation property. Let be an ideal of such that is stable and satisfies the corona factorization property. We prove that

is a full extension if and only if the extension is stenotic and K-lexicographic. As an immediate application, we extend the classification result for graph C*-algebras obtained by Tomforde and the first named author to the general non-unital case. In combination with recent results by Katsura, Tomforde, West, and the first named author, our result may also be used to give a purely K-theoretical description of when an essential extension of two simple and stable graph C*-algebras is again a graph C*-
algebra.
Very Weak Solutions to the Boundary-Value Problem of the Homogeneous Heat Equation
Authors: Nowakowski Bernard , Zajączkowski Woiciech M.
Published: April 2013

We consider the homogeneous heat equation in a domain

\Omega

in

\mathbb{R}^n

with vanishing initial data and Dirichlet boundary conditions. We are looking for solutions in

W^{r,s}_{p,q}(\Omega\times(0,T))

, where

r < 2

,

s < 1

,

1 \leq p < \infty

,

1 \leq q \leq \infty

. Since we work in the

L_{p,q}

framework any extension of the boundary data and integration by parts are not possible. Therefore, the solution is represented in integral form and is referred as \emph{very weak} solution. The key estimates are performed in the half-space and are restricted to

L_q(0,T;W^{\alpha}_p(\Omega))

,

0 \leq \alpha < \frac{1}{p}

and

L_q(0,T;W^{\alpha}_p(\Omega))

,

\alpha \leq 1

. Existence and estimates in the bounded domain

\Omega

follow from a perturbation and a fixed point arguments.
Model of Point-Like Window for Electromagnetic Helmholtz Resonator
Authors: Popov Igor Yu.
Published: April 2013

Point-like interaction between internal and external operators as a model of electromagnetic Helmholtz resonator is suggested. It is based on the theory of self-adjoint extensions of symmetric operators in Pontryagin space. Formula for the resonance close to the eigenvalue of the internal operator is obtained.
Identification of an Unknown Parameter Function in the Main Part of an Elliptic Partial Differential Equation
Authors: Aßmann Ute , Rösch Arnd
Published: April 2013

The identification of an unknown parameter function in the main part of an elliptic partial differential equation is studied. We use a Tichonov regularization with an

H^s

-norm and

s>0

. Moreover, pointwise bounds for the unknown parameter are assumed. Existence of solutions is shown and necessary optimality conditions are established. The main contribution is the discussion of second-order sufficient optimality conditions. Here, we get a size condition of the parameter

s

.
Approximate Controllability of Systems Determined by Almost Sectorial Operators
Authors: Henríquez Hernán R. , Pierri Michelle
Published: April 2013

In this work we study the approximate controllability of first order linear and semi-linear abstract control systems described by an almost sectorial operator.
Of Positivism and the History of Economic Thought
Authors: Caldwell Bruce
Published: April 2013

The rhetoric of positivism had a profound effect on the worldview and practice of economists in the middle of the last century. Though this influence has greatly diminished, it still may be found in the attitude of many economists toward the history of their discipline. This article traces the effects of positivism in economics and then argues that the history of economics is a critical component of both the undergraduate teaching and the graduate training of economists, and that as such, it should be reintroduced into the economics curriculum. It concludes by documenting some recent hopeful signs of change.
Turbulent collision-coalescence in maritime shallow convection
Authors: Wyszogrodzki A. A. , Grabowski W. W. , Wang L.-P. , Ayala O.
Published: April 2013

Abstract. This paper discusses cloud simulations aiming at quantitative assessment of the effects of cloud turbulence on rain development in shallow ice-free convective clouds. Cloud fields from large-eddy simulations (LES) applying the bin microphysics with the collision kernel enhanced by cloud turbulence are compared to those with the standard gravitational collision kernel. Simulations for a range of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations are contrasted. Details of the turbulent kernel and how it is used in LES simulations are presented. Because of the disparity in spatial scales between the bottom-up numerical studies guiding the turbulent kernel development and the top-down LES simulations of cloud dynamics, we address the consequence of the turbulence intermittency in the unresolved range of scales on the mean collision kernel applied in LES. We show that intermittency effects are unlikely to play an important role in the current simulations. Highly-idealized single-cloud simulations are used to illustrate two mechanisms that operate in cloud field simulations. First, the microphysical enhancement leads to earlier formation of drizzle through faster autoconversion of cloud water into drizzle, as suggested by previous studies. Second, more efficient removal of condensed water from cloudy volumes when a turbulent collection kernel is used leads to an increased cloud buoyancy and enables clouds to reach higher levels. This is the dynamical enhancement. Both mechanisms seem to operate in the cloud field simulations. The microphysical enhancement leads to the increased drizzle and rain inside clouds in simulations with high CCN. In low-CCN simulations with significant surface rainfall, dynamical enhancement allows maintenance of the cloud water path despite significant increase of the precipitation water path and dramatically increased mean surface rain accumulation. These results call for future modeling and observational studies to corroborate the findings.