bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Haplomesus longiramus sp. nov. (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellota), a new ischnomesid species from the Bay of Biscay, North East Atlantic Ocean
Authors: KAVANAGH FIONA A. , SORBE JEAN-CLAUDE
Published: May 2019

A new species of Ischnomesidae (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellota), Haplomesus longiramus sp. nov. is described from the Bay of Biscay. This species is unusual due to the presence of long, thin anterolateral projections supporting the antennae and an elongate pereonite 4. These features are also seen in Haplomesus biscayensis Chardy, 1975, and the two species closely resemble each other. The presence of a laterally directed spine on pereonite 5 of the male of Haplomesus longiramus sp. nov. along with the elongate uropods of both male and female easily differentiates this species from H. biscayensis. Within its known distributional area, this new Haplomesus species inhabits bathyal muddy bottoms from 500–1009 m, with a maximum abundance of 29 individuals per 100 m 2 recorded at approximately 700 m.
A new genus and four new species of Phyllocoptinae (Acari: Eriophyoidea) from China
Authors: LI DE-WEI , WEI SUI-GAI , WANG GUO-QUAN
Published: May 2019

A new genus and four new Phyllocoptinae species are described and illustrated from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. They are: Asetiabacarus n. gen. and Asetiabacarus maesae n. sp. (infesting Maesa japonica (Thunb.) Moritzi and Zll.), Abacarus virosae n. sp. (infesting Fluggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Baill.), Tetra sinicae n. sp. (infesting Coriaria sinica Maxim.), and Leipothrix guangxiensis n. sp. (infesting Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) Schott).
Lithodidae from the Ross Sea, Antarctica, with descriptions of two new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura)
Authors: AHYONG SHANE T. , DAWSON ELLIOT W.
Published: May 2019

The lithodid crab fauna of the Ross Sea, Antarctica, comprises three species in two genera. Two species are new to science: Neolithodes yaldwyni sp. nov. and Paralomis stevensi sp. nov. Neolithodes yaldwyni, previously misidentified from off the Balleny Islands in the Ross Sea as N. brodiei, is morphologically most similar to N. capensis Stebbing, 1905, described from South Africa, differing chiefly in the proportional lengths of the dactyli of the ambulatory legs. Paralomis stevensi is most similar to P. birsteini, differing chiefly by its shorter ambulatory leg dactyli, and in males, the longer ambulatory legs and much larger right cheliped. The third lithodid from the Ross Sea, Paralomis birsteini Macpherson, 1988, is reported from a wide size range of specimens, including an ovigerous female, indicating the presence of a reproductive population in the region. The presence of N. yaldwyni in the Ross Sea is consistent with the hypothesis that lithodids colonized the Southern Ocean via southward movement from low to high latitudes through deepwater. The strong similarity between N. capensis and N. yaldwyni indicates a possible South African–Kerguelen–Antarctica link. The rhizocephalan, Briarosaccus callosus Boschma, 1930, parasitizing P. birsteini, is recorded for the first time from the area.
Euglossa samperi n. sp., a new species of orchid bee Ecuadorian Andes (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Zootaxa, 1272, 61–68. (ERRATUM)
Authors: RAMÍREZ S.
Published: May 2019

ERRATUM
Three new species of seasonal killifishes of the Simpsonichthys antenori species group (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the rio São Francisco basin, Brazil
Authors: COSTA WILSON J.E.M.
Published: May 2019

Three new species of the Simpsonichthys antenori group from the upper sections of eastern drainages of the middle rio São Francisco, serra do Espinhaço, are described. Simpsonichthys janaubensis, new species, from the rio Gorutuba floodplains, upper rio Verde Grande drainage, shares a derived color pattern of anal fin in males with S. flavicaudatus and S. flagellatus, but differs from them in having a more slender body, a shorter anal-fin base, and a distinctive color pattern of the dorsal fin in males. Simpsonichthys mediopapillatus, new species, from the rio São Domingos drainage, a part of the upper rio Verde Grande drainage, is similar to S. ghisolfii in having a long urogenital papilla and a light orangish-yellow subdistal stripe on the anal fin in males, and it is distinguished from all congeners in having a median neuromast on the posterior rostral series. Simpsonichthys macaubensis, new species, from the upper rio Paramirim drainage, differs from other species of the S. antenori group by a combination of features, including presence of contact organs on the flank in males, dorsal and anal-fin filaments reaching central portion of caudal fin in males, urogenital papilla short in males, and anal fin yellow, with a distal black stripe and iridescent dots over the entire fin in males. A key for identification of species of the S. antenori group is provided.
A taxonomic revision of the Australian Chrysomelinae, with a key to the genera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Zootaxa, 1292, 1–119. (Erratum)
Authors: REID C. A.M.
Published: May 2019

Erratum
Napaeus lajaensis sp. nov. (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Enidae) from a Quaternary Aeolian Deposit of Northeast Tenerife, Canary Islands
Authors: CASTILLO CAROLINA , YANES YURENA , ALONSO MARÍA R. , IBÁÑEZ MIGUEL
Published: May 2019

Napaeus lajaensis sp. nov. is the oldest Napaeus species found in the Canary Islands, with more than 130 ka. It is described from a Pleistocene aeolian deposit intercalated between two basaltic lava flows located at Mancha de La Laja (Tenerife Island). The new species is characterized mainly by the presence of two very prominent, spiral, semicylindrical ribs on the body whorl shell. The stratigraphic setting and taphonomic features of the land snail association to which N. lajaensis belongs, were also shown.
The tadpole of Chaunus dorbignyi (Duméril & Bibron) (Anura, Bufonidae)
Authors: BORTEIRO CLAUDIO , KOLENC FRANCISCO , TEDROS MARCELO , PRIGIONI CARLOS
Published: May 2019

Chaunus dorbignyi and Chaunus fernandezae are the southernmost taxa of the Chaunus granulosus species group (formerly Bufo granulosus group). The biology of these species has been scarcely studied. In this sense, larval external morphology of Chaunus dorbignyi is described for the first time and compared with other species of the granulosus group, particularly with C. fernandezae. The tadpoles of C. dorbignyi at stages 31–35 are about 15 mm, and belong to the benthic ecomorphological guild. They have a depressed body, a slightly truncated snout, and the spiracle is placed on the posterior third of the body. The tail axis is straight, the dorsal fin begins at tail-body junction and ends broadly rounded. The vent tube is medial, it starts at midline and opens usually to the right, but in some specimens it opens to the left. The oral disc has a single row of marginal papillae, large dorsal gap, medium-sized ventral gap, and labial tooth row formula 2(2)/2. A multivariate analysis of morphometric variables provided differentiation from tadpoles of C. fernandezae, based on interorbital, eye-nostril and fronto-nasal distances, body maximum height and width, and dorsal gap length. However, the general aspect of both species is quite similar, and comparable to the tadpole of a related species, Chaunus pygmaeus. Other known tadpoles of the granulosus group are those of Chaunus granulosus beebei and Chaunus granulosus major, which differ from the above mentioned species in having a more depressed snout and body, and labial tooth row formula 2(2)/3. The observed variability in the vent tube opening of C. dorbignyi (and also in C. fernandezae) seems to depend on how the beginning of the ventral fin is folded, which is attached to the tube. This fact may have lead to different interpretations of vent tube configuration in the granulosus group, and must be taken into account in between-species comparisons.
A review of the genus Euros Hy. Edwards (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Apameiini) with description of one new species
Authors: TROUBRIDGE J. T.
Published: May 2019

The Nearctic members of the genus Euros Hy. Edwards, 1881 are revised to include three species, with Euros osticollis described as new. The adults and male genitalia are illustrated.
Two new synonyms in Neotropical Philonthina (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)
Authors: CHANI POSSE MARIANA , SALAMANCA JOSE MANUEL RAMÍREZ
Published: May 2019

As part of an ongoing phylogenetic study on the Neotropical Philonthina (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) that includes species of Belonuchus Nordmann, 1837, Hesperus Fauvel, 1874 and Paederomimus Sharp, 1885 (Chani Posse & Ramírez Salamanca in prep.), we examined type material of species belonging to these genera as well as conspecific material from different European and North American collections. Type and non-type material were either examined by MCP during a visit to the Natural History Museum, London, UK (BMNH) or borrowed from the following institutions: Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA (FMNH), Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany (ZMHB), Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria (NMW), Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, Canada (CNC) and Snow Entomological Collection, Natural History Museum/Biodiversity Research Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA (SEMC). Based on our revision of relevant material from the abovementioned collections, two new synonyms are here proposed.
Bombardier beetles of the genus Pheropsophus Solier 1833 (Carabidae: Brachininae: Brachinini) from Indian subcontinent
Authors: VENUGOPAL AKHIL S. , THOMAS SABU K.
Published: May 2019

Key to the 22 species of genus Pheropsophus Solier 1833 of Indian subcontinent with diagnostic characters, notes, new synonyms, distribution patterns and record of two new species—Pheropsophus devagiriensis sp. nov. and P. indicus sp. nov.—from south west India are provided. Synonymisation of Pheropsophus discicollis (Dejean 1826) with Pheropsophus hilaris (Fabricius 1798) syn. nov., clearing the complications regarding the taxonomy of P. hilaris and P. sobrinus by tracking down the type series of P. hilaris, and reinstating the species status of Pheropsophus sobrinus (Dejean 1826) are the other outcomes of the present study.                Out of the 22 species recorded in India, 14 species are confined to Oriental realm and rest of the eight species penetrates into the Palearctics also; 10 (of the 22) are endemic to Indian subcontinent with P. indicus sp. nov. endemic to south western India; P. devagiriensis sp. nov. endemic to the Western Ghats; P. andrewesi, P. krichna and P. prophylax are endemic to the Indo-Burma; and P. nanodes and P. scythropus are endemic to the Eastern Himalayas.
The psychological health of 207 near-centenarians (95–99) and centenarians from the Sydney Centenarian Study
Authors: Cheng Adrian , Leung Yvonne , Crawford John D , Harrison Fleur , Sachdev Perminder , Brodaty Henry
Published: May 2019

Objective:

While near-centenarians (95–99) and centenarians are the fastest growing sectors of the population in many countries, few studies have investigated their psychological health. We aimed to compare levels of psychological distress and life satisfaction in individuals aged 95 or above (95+) with younger age groups and identify the factors associated with psychological distress and life satisfaction in near-centenarians and centenarians.

Methods:

We assessed the physical, cognitive, social and psychological health of 207 participants aged 95+ in the Sydney Centenarian Study. Psychological distress and life satisfaction were rated on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) and Satisfaction with Life Scale, respectively. Cross-sectional univariate comparisons were performed with participants aged 70–90 years from the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study. Factors associated with psychological distress and life satisfaction among Sydney Centenarian Study participants were examined using multiple regression analyses.

Results:

In Sydney Centenarian Study and Memory and Ageing Study, mean K10 scores were 15.3 (±5.9) and 13.4 (±3.6), and clinical levels of psychological distress (K10 ⩾ 20) were 19% and 7%, respectively. Sydney Centenarian Study participants demonstrated significantly higher levels and rates of psychological distress ( t = 3.869, p < 0.001; χ2 = 27.331, p < 0.001). In Sydney Centenarian Study, more psychotropic medications and having fewer relatives and friends were associated with higher psychological distress. Sydney Centenarian Study participants reported significantly higher levels of life satisfaction than Memory and Ageing Study participants, mean scores 6.0 (±1.5) and 5.6 (±1.3); t = 5.835, p < 0.001. Lower Mini-Mental State Examination scores and having fewer relatives and friends were associated with lower life satisfaction in Sydney Centenarian Study.

Conclusion:

Despite showing higher levels of psychological distress in the prior 4 weeks than younger age groups, near-centenarians and centenarians remained highly satisfied with their overall lives. The identification of risk and protective factors for psychological distress and life satisfaction provides opportunities for interventions to maintain good psychological health in this vulnerable population.
Income Convergence and the Flow Out of Poverty in Rural India
Authors: Barrientos Q. Paola A. , Blunch Niels-Hugo , Datta Gupta Nabanita
Published: May 2019

This article explores the income growth and poverty of rural Indian households, 1994–2005. The estimation strategy consists, first, of a convergence analysis to examine whether poor households are catching up in terms of income, which is then followed by a transition analysis to examine whether poor households are more likely to exit poverty than to remain poor—that is, to essentially test for whether poverty traps are escapable. The identification strategy explicitly addresses issues pertaining to the potential endogeneity and measurement error of initial income and poverty. We find evidence of both income convergence and poverty persistence, but with a higher probability of exiting poverty than of the remaining poor. This suggests that poverty traps, though existent, are not entrapping in rural India. The key variables driving these results are education, occupation and asset ownership. Finally, we discuss the policy implications and provide directions for future research in this area.

JEL Codes: I32, J15, O15, O18, O47, Z12, Z13
A Meta-Analysis of Single-Case Research Using Mathematics Manipulatives With Students At Risk or Identified With a Disability
Authors: Peltier Corey , Morin Kristi L. , Bouck Emily C. , Lingo Mindy E. , Pulos Joshua M. , Scheffler Faye A. , Suk Andrea , Mathews Leslie A. , Sinclair Tracy E. , Deardorff Malarie E.
Published: May 2019

Manipulatives are widely considered an effective practice and have been recommended as an evidence-based practice for students identified with a learning disability when used within the concrete–representational–abstract instructional framework. The aim of the current study was to evaluate single-case experimental designs that implemented a mathematics intervention using manipulatives on the mathematical outcomes of students at risk or identified with a disability. A total of 53 studies were included in the review. The Tau- U effect size (ES) across studies ranged from 0.34 to 1.00, with an omnibus ES of 0.91 (CI95 = [0.87, 0.95]). The between-case standardized mean difference for individual studies ranged from 0.03 to 18.58. Moderator analyses revealed that out of nine variables analyzed (i.e., study quality, design, age, interventionist, manipulative type, perceptual richness, math concept, dependent variable, and disability category), only disability category served as a moderator. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Bacterial species to be considered in quality assurance of mice and rats
Authors: Hansen Axel Kornerup , Nielsen Dennis Sandris , Krych Lukasz , Hansen Camilla Hartmann Friis
Published: May 2019

Bacteria are relevant in rodent quality assurance programmes if (a) the animals are at risk and (b) presence in the animals makes a difference for animal research or welfare, for example because the agent regulates clinical disease progression or impacts its host in other ways. Furthermore, zoonoses are relevant. Some bacterial species internationally recommended for the health monitoring of rats and mice, that is, Citrobacter rodentium, Corynebacterium kutscheri, Salmonella spp. and Streptococcus pneumonia, are no longer found in either laboratory or pet shop rats or mice, while there is still a real risk of impact on animal research and welfare from Filobacterium rodentium, Clostridium piliforme, Mycoplasma spp., Helicobacter spp. and Rodentibacter spp., while Streptobacillus moniliformis may be considered a serious zoonotic agent in spite of a very low risk. Modern molecular techniques have revealed that there may, depending on the research type, be equally good reasons for knowing the colony status of some commensal bacteria that are essential for the induction of specific rodent models, such as Alistipes spp., Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium spp., Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Prevotella copri and segmented filamentous bacteria. In future, research groups should therefore consider the presence or absence of a short list of defined bacterial species relevant for their models. This list can be tested by cost-effective sequencing or even a simple multiple polymerase chain reaction approach, which is likely to be cost-neutral compared to more traditional screening methods.
The use of non-rodent model species in microbiota studies
Authors: Ericsson Aaron C.
Published: May 2019

In recent years, tremendous advances have been made in our ability to characterize complex microbial communities such as the gut microbiota, and numerous surveys of the human gut microbiota have identified countless associations between different compositional attributes of the gut microbiota and adverse health conditions. However, most of these findings in humans are purely correlative and animal models are required for prospective evaluation of such changes as causative factors in disease initiation or progression. As in most fields of biomedical research, microbiota-focused studies are predominantly performed in mouse or rat models. Depending on the field of research and experimental question or objective, non-rodent models may be preferable due to better translatability or an inability to use rodents for various reasons. The following review describes the utility and limitations of several non-rodent model species for research on the microbiota and its influence on host physiology and disease. In an effort to balance the breadth of potential model species with the amount of detail provided, four model species are discussed: zebrafish, dogs, pigs, and rabbits.
The Prosody of Wh-exclamatives and Wh-questions in German: Speech Act Differences, Information Structure, and Sex of Speaker
Authors: Repp Sophie
Published: May 2019

The prosody of non-assertive speech acts other than questions is rather underexplored. Very little is known about the role of information structure in non-assertive speech acts in general. The present study presents two production experiments examining the prosody of string-identical verb-second (experiment 1) and verb-final (experiment 2) wh-exclamatives and wh-questions in German in relation to their status as different speech acts, in relation to their sensitivity to information structure, and in relation to speaker sex. The study shows that the two speech acts are differentiated by many prosodic means, both globally (duration, intonation contour) and locally (accent distribution in the clause-initial and clause-final regions; pitch, duration, intensity on various elements in the clause, especially the subject pronoun and the direct object, which are more prominent in exclamatives, and the verb-second auxiliary, which is more prominent in questions). Exclamatives overall show a very rigid prosodic contour; they typically are realized with an accent on the subject pronoun and on the object and end in a fall. Questions are much more flexible; they are realized as rises or falls, and show a more varied accent structure in the clause-initial and clause-final regions. Both speech acts show information-structural effects of givenness marking, but the effects in exclamatives are remarkably weak. It is proposed that the speech-act marking prosody overrides information-structural effects to some extent. Male and female speakers show differences in their preferred accent patterns for the two speech acts. Some acoustic differences are only reliable for female speakers.
Knowledge, the curriculum, and democratic education: The curious case of school English
Authors: Belas Oliver
Published: May 2019

Debate over subject curricula is apt to descend into internecine squabbles over which (whose?) curriculum is best. Especially so with school English, because its domain(s) of knowledge have commonly been misunderstood, or, perhaps, misrepresented in the government’s programmes of study. After brief consideration of democratic education (problems of its form and meaning), I turn to issues of knowledge and disciplinarity, outlining two conceptions of knowledge – the one constitutive and phenomenological, the other stipulative and social-realist. Drawing on Michael Young and Johan Muller, I argue that, by social-realist standards of objectivity, school English in England -- as currently framed in national curriculum documents -- falls short of the standards of ‘powerful knowledge’ and of a democratic education conceived as social justice. Having considered knowledge and disciplinarity in broad terms, I consider the curricular case of school English, for it seems to me that the curious position of English in our national curriculum has resulted in a model that is either weakly, perhaps even un-, rooted in the network of academic disciplines that make up English studies.
The spatial ways democracy works: On the pedagogy of common places. Why, why now?
Authors: Mendel Maria
Published: May 2019

Democratic practices have their places; democracy is spatial in its very nature. From this perspective, the study of democracy can be developed as an analytical description of the places where democratic dialogue is practiced. The issue of dialogue practices, which are of educational character and become one of the versions of public pedagogy, which is especially needed in the current time of the assault on public space, defines the profile of these studies. Hence, in the text, I propose a direction of thinking that draws attention to the educational value of democratic commonality and inscribes it in the pedagogical reflection around the common places. Finally, I describe an area of pedagogical thought and educational practices which I call the “pedagogy of the common places” – the spatial version of the public pedagogy. Specifically, the paper – by asking why, why now? and answering through discussing practices of the nationalization of public sphere, and the recent rise of nationalism in Poland – will explore how the educational, spatial perspective can be fruitful as sketching new forms of thinking and doing democracy.
Democracy learning as failing template for establishing student participation for school improvement: A participatory case study within a secondary school
Authors: Gamsjäger Manuela , Langer Roman
Published: May 2019

Participation of students is defined as a conditional factor for the acquisition of democracy learning and is increasingly taken into account in Austrian schools. Nevertheless, in contrast to other countries, little research has been conducted in Austria about if or how democracy learning provides a template for the social practice of student participation within school improvements. The current qualitative case study sought to investigate, explanatively from the perspective of school actors, how a secondary school tries to implement a self-imposed demand for more student participation in school improvement by using aspects of democracy learning as template. Qualitative guideline-based interviews using a participative research method were conducted and the data were analysed by means of content-structuring qualitative content analysis. A total of 33 school actors (students, teachers, parents) participated. The two central findings emerged due to marginal rights and a limited understanding of student participation based on democracy learning. First, despite the demand for greater participation in school improvement, students remain dependent on individual actors and can only assert their interests within school objectives and not against the interests of the teachers or the school management. Second, participation within the framework of school development promotes not so much the strengthening of pupils as subjects as the strengthening of the identity of the school’s organization. The individual case study is thus a hypothesis-generating example of how the depoliticized participation rhetoric of imparting democratic competencies leaves the claim to equal consideration of students’ perspectives unfulfilled and ultimately prevents the redistribution of rights of disposal.
Synthesis and characterization of an antimicrobial textile by hexagon silver nanoparticles with a new capping agent via the polyol process
Authors: Ramezani Maedeh , Kosak Aljosa , Lobnik Aleksandra , Hadela Ajra
Published: May 2019

In this study, we developed hexagon silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) prepared by the polyol method in ethylene glycol media using aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) as a capping agent for the first time. The presence of the primary amine group makes APTMS a great candidate as a capping agent for the synthesis of silver nanostructures, but it has not been used for this purpose until now. The synthesized silver nanostructures were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The molar ratio of APTMS to AgNO3 varied from 0.5 to 6.8, which resulted in an average diameter of the obtained nanoparticles from 50 to 100 nm. The optimum morphology of hexagonally shaped AgNPs was obtained at a molar ratio of 2.2. The prepared AgNPs were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal properties. Antimicrobial tests showed that a cotton textile coated with colloidal amino functionalized AgNPs has excellent antimicrobial properties as an inhibitor of growth against the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli and fungus Candida albicans, and therefore showing potential for real applications.
A facile method to prepare a wearable pressure sensor based on fabric electrodes for human motion monitoring
Authors: Wu Ronghui , Ma Liyun , Balkrishna Patil Aniruddha , Hou Chen , Meng Zhaohui , Zhang Yifan , Liu Xiangyang , Yu Weidong
Published: May 2019

Intelligent textile that endow traditional fabric with functionalities have attracted increasing attention. In this research work, we fabricated a flexible and wearable pressure sensor with conductive nylon fabric as the electrodes and elastomer Ecoflex as the dielectric layer. The conductive nylon fabric in the twill structure, which showed a high conductivity of 0.268 Ω·cm (specific resistance), was prepared by magnetron sputtering with silver films. The flexible pressure sensor shows a high sensitivity of 0.035 kPa−1, a good linear response under pressure from 0 to 16 kPa, and a quick response time of 0.801 s. The fabricated pressure sensor was found to be highly reproducible and repeatable against repeated mechanical loads for 9500 times, with a small capacitance loss rate of 0.0534. The fabric-based flexible and wearable sensor with good properties can be incorporated into a fabric garment by the hot-pressing method without sacrificing comfort, which can then be used for human motion detecting or touch sensing. The smart glove with finger touch function was proved to be efficient in Morse code editing, which has potential for information transfer in the military field.
Using Interorganizational Communication Networks to Predict Terrorist Attacks
Authors: Pilny Andrew , Proulx Jeffrey D.
Published: May 2019

Although not as common as more traditional organizations such as firms, nonprofits, and governments, terrorist organizations also create interorganizational communication (IC) relationships. The purpose of this article is to determine the relationship between IC relationships and terrorist attacks. To do so, we analyzed a stable alliance network of 395 terrorist organizations between 1998 and 2005. Using Borgatti and Everett’s four-prong typology of centrality, we assessed how degree, closeness, betweenness, and distance-weighted fragmentation contributed to the identification of key players in the network. The results found that all four sets of key players were more likely to commit more terrorist acts and kill more people from 1998 to 2005. However, when entered into a full model, key players identified by closeness centrality consistently predicted both indicators of terrorism, whereas the other centrality metrics did not. We discuss the results in light of existing IC and communication network theory, suggesting that the network position afforded by closeness centrality may allow dark organizations the balance to remain hidden enough to avoid detection, yet connected enough to mobilize resources.
The Prevalence of Sexual and Gender Minority Youth in the Justice System: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jonnson Melissa R. , Bird Brian M. , Li Shanna M. Y. , Viljoen Jodi L.
Published: May 2019

Theoretical models, such as the minority stress model, suggest that sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth may be overrepresented in the justice system. However, few studies have examined rates of SGM youth in the system, and even fewer have compared them with rates of these youth in the broader community. To obtain a more accurate estimate, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 31,258 youths and compared rates of SGM youth in the justice system with those in the community. Contrary to claims that SGM youth are overrepresented generally, this review suggests that sexual minority girls, specifically, are disproportionally involved in the justice system. Rates of involvement appeared to differ across ethnic subgroups of sexual minority youth, and evidence is inconclusive regarding the prevalence of gender minority youth in the system. Implications of these findings for researchers and justice system professionals are discussed.
Three-dimensional shape measurement based on binary fringe conventional projection
Authors: Fu Guangkai , Cao Yiping , Wang Yapin , Wan Yingying , Wang Lu , Li Chengmeng
Published: May 2019

A three-dimensional (3D) shape measurement method based on binary fringe conventional projection is proposed. In traditional 3D shape measurement methods based on binary fringe projection, the binary fringe is used as an approximate sinusoidal fringe by defocusing projection or even directly used as an approximate sinusoidal fringe by nonlinear error suppression feature of large-step phase measuring profilometry (PMP). In the proposed method (Prop), neither defocusing projection is needed nor large-step PMP must be used. When the binary fringe is conventionally projected on the measured object, just by filtering operation in spatial frequency domain from the captured deformed pattern, the nearly unbroken sinusoidal deformed pattern can be extracted efficiently. While N ( N≥3) frames binary fringes with 1/ N period misalignment between each adjacent fringe are conventionally projected onto the measured object sequentially, the corresponding nearly unbroken N-step sinusoidal deformed patterns extracted from the N frames captured deformed patterns can be used to reconstruct the 3D shape of the measured object with N-step PMP algorithm. The experimental results show the feasibility and validity of the Prop. It is more flexible for its optional fringe period and optional phase-shifting steps. It has potential application in the real-time 3D shape measurement.
Developmental changes in the frequency and complexity of mothers’ internal state utterances across the second year
Authors: Olson Janet , Masur Elise Frank
Published: May 2019

Mothers’ provision of utterances with internal state words has been shown to influence infants’ acquisition of internal state vocabulary and has been proposed to foster preschoolers’ theory of mind development. In this article the authors examine maternal internal state speech during free play with infants at 13, 17, and 21 months. The study assessed developmental changes in the frequency and complexity of the mothers’ utterances referencing perception, volition, disposition, and cognition. Mothers’ use of internal state words, especially volition and cognition words, increased with age. Internal state utterances were longer than utterances without internal state words, and more than half of all cognition and two-thirds of all volition utterances were syntactically complex. Mothers’ production of utterances with internal state words was related to their overall MLUs whereas their production of utterances without was not. Thus, mothers do not simplify utterances when they talk about internal states, even with young infants, and mothers’ growing use of internal state words as their infants age may partially explain increases in their overall utterance lengths during the second year of life.
Pain, Opioid Intake, and Delirium Symptoms in Adults Following Joint Replacement Surgery
Authors: Denny Dawn L. , Lindseth Glenda N.
Published: May 2019

This study examined the effects of pain and opioid intakes on subsyndromal delirium in older adults who had joint replacement surgery. Delirium assessments of 53 older adults were completed on the first, second, and third days following joint replacement surgery using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM). Statistical relationships were analyzed using correlations and multiple regressions. Subsyndromal delirium developed in 68% ( n = 36) of participants. Pain was significantly related ( p < .05) to increased delirium symptoms after accounting for preoperative risk factors of comorbidity, cognitive status, fall history, and preoperative fasting times, whereas opioid intake was not significantly associated with increased delirium symptoms. Findings suggest older adults with increased pain levels are at higher risk for subsyndromal delirium as well as delirium after joint replacement surgery.
Understanding Provider Attitudes Regarding Father Involvement in Early Intervention
Authors: Curtiss Sarah L. , McBride Brent A. , Uchima Kelly , Laxman Dan J. , Santos Rosa M. , Weglarz-Ward Jenna , Kern Justin
Published: May 2019

The interest in fathers as active parents has increased dramatically over the past 30 years among researchers and the popular press with considerable attention given to direct child-rearing activities; however, mothers continue to be the most likely participants in early intervention (EI) services. Using thematic analysis, we explored providers’ perceptions ( N = 511) of father involvement in EI regarding (a) the impact of increased father involvement, (b) how father involvement could be increased, and (c) the role of culture in father involvement. Providers believed more involvement was better and identified several ways in which fathers made a difference. Some providers believed it was not in their hands to increase involvement; however, other providers identified systems-level and direct approaches. Providers preponderantly reported culture as a barrier to involvement but there were notable exceptions. We recommend providers receive professional development to support family-centered philosophies and practices that are inclusive of fathers.
Stress of Language Brokering and Mexican American Adolescents’ Adjustment: The Role of Cumulative Risk
Authors: Shen Yishan , Seo Eunjin , Walt Dorothy Clare , Kim Su Yeong
Published: May 2019

This study focused on early adolescents’ stress of language brokering and examined the moderating role of family cumulative risk in the relation of language brokering to adjustment problems. Data came from self-reports of 604 low-income Mexican American adolescent language brokers (54% female; [Formula: see text]= 12.4; SD = 0.97; 75% born in the United States) and their parents (99% foreign-born) in central Texas. Path analyses revealed that brokering stress, but not frequency, was positively associated with adolescents’ adjustment problems, including depressive symptoms, anxiety, and delinquency. We also found that the relation between stress of brokering for mothers and adolescents’ depressive symptoms was stronger among families with a high cumulative risk. Further, with a high cumulative risk, adolescents exhibited delinquent behaviors regardless of the levels of stress from translating for fathers. Current findings underscore the importance of examining family contexts in assessing the consequences of language brokering for Mexican American early adolescents’ well-being.
Prediction of the induction to delivery time interval in vaginal dinoprostone-induced labor: a retrospective study in a Chinese tertiary maternity hospital
Authors: Zhao Lei , Lin Ying , Jiang Tingting , Wang Ling , Li Min , Wang Ying , Sun Guoqiang , Xiao Mei
Published: May 2019

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the potential factors that affect the induction to delivery time interval in women undergoing induction of labor with a controlled-release dinoprostone vaginal insert.

Methods

Pregnant women who presented for delivery at Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2016 to August 2016 were recruited. Finally, 1265 women who underwent labor induction with a vaginal dinoprostone (PGE2) insert were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to estimate the relevant risks for delivery time.

Results

Among the1265 subjects, the mean delivery time was 18.92 ± 12.50 hours. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that fetal weight, an obstetric complication (premature rupture of the membranes), and the delivery history were significantly associated with the induction to delivery time. Biparietal diameter was related to the vaginal delivery time in univariate analysis, but there was no significant difference after adjustment in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

Vaginal dinoprostone is an effective method for successful induction of labor. Gestational age, parity, and fetal weight are major factors that predict the induction to delivery time interval.
Retrospective comparison of efficacy and safety of CAPOX and FOLFOX regimens as adjuvant treatment in patients with stage III colon cancer
Authors: Degirmencioglu Serkan , Tanrıverdi Ozgur , Demiray Atike Gokcen , Senol Hande , Dogu Gamze Gokoz , Yaren Arzu
Published: May 2019

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX) and 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) regimens as adjuvant treatment in patients with stage III colon cancer.

Methods

A total of 243 patients who received CAPOX and FOLFOX chemotherapy between 2014 and 2018 for stage III colon cancer in two centers were retrospectively studied. Among the patients, 106 (43.6%) and 137 (56.4%) were treated using CAPOX and FOLFOX regimens, respectively. Efficacy, treatment-related side effects, and overall survival rates with these two regimens were compared.

Results

The rate of disease progression was significantly higher in the presence of moderately/poorly differentiated histology, and KRAS and NRAS mutations. An increased number of metastatic lymph nodes and prolonged time from surgery to chemotherapy significantly increased disease progression. Patients who received CAPOX were significantly older than those who received FOLFOX. Disease progression, metastasis, and mortality rates were significantly higher in the FOLFOX arm than in the CAPOX arm. There was no significant difference in the overall survival rate between the two regimens.

Conclusion

The CAPOX regimen is preferred in older patients. Disease progression, metastasis, and mortality rates are higher with FOLFOX than with CAPOX.
The Association Between Genetic Predisposition and Parental Socialization: An Examination of Gene–Environment Correlations Using an Adoption-Based Design
Authors: Knoblach Rachel A. , Schwartz Joseph A. , McBride Marianna , Beaver Kevin M.
Published: May 2019

An extensive body of research has examined the role that genetic influences play in the development of antisocial behavior. Even so, there remains much that is unknown regarding the intersections among antisocial behavior, environments, and genetic influences. The current study is designed to shed some light on this issue by examining whether gene–environment correlations are present in the lives of adopted adolescents. More specifically, this article seeks to contribute to scholarship efforts aimed at understanding whether biological parents’ antisocial behavioral phenotypes—behaviors often attributed to an increased likelihood of receiving a genetic propensity for antisocial behaviors—predict variation in environments that are experienced by their adopted-away offspring. To do so, the biological parents of adoptees were assessed and used to identify ways in which children elicit certain responses from their adoptive parents based, in part, on their genotype. Correlational analyses were calculated on a sample of adoptees (the final analytic sample ranged between n = 229 and n = 293) drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). The results of the study revealed very little evidence of gene–environment correlations. The implications of these findings are considered.
Characterising labour market self-containment in London with geographically arranged small multiples
Authors: Beecham Roger , Slingsby Aidan
Published: May 2019

We present a collection of small multiple graphics that support analysis and understanding of the geography of labour-market self-containment across London’s 33 boroughs. Ratios describing supply-side self-containment, the extent to which working residents access jobs locally, and demand-side self-containment, the extent to which local jobs are filled by local resident workers, are first calculated for professional and non-professional occupations and encoded directly through geographically-arranged bar charts. The full distribution of workers into-and out-of- boroughs that underpins these ratios is then revealed via Origin-Destination flows maps (OD maps) – sets of geographically-arranged choropleths. In order to make relative and absolute comparison of borough-to-borough frequencies between occupation types, these OD maps are coloured according to signed chi-square residuals: for every borough-to-borough pair, we compare the observed number of flows to access professional versus non-professional jobs against the number that would be expected given the distribution of those jobs across London boroughs. Our geographically-arranged small multiples demonstrate potential for spatial analysis: a rich, multivariate structure is depicted that reflects London’s economic geography and that would be difficult to expose using non-visual means.
Neural Network-Based Metaheuristic Parameterization with Application to the Vehicle Matching Problem in Ride-Hailing Services
Authors: Syed Arslan Ali , Gaponova Irina , Bogenberger Klaus
Published: May 2019

The majority of transportation problems include optimizing some sort of cost function. These optimization problems are often NP-hard and have an exponential increase in computation time with the increase in the model size. The problem of matching vehicles to passenger requests in ride hailing (RH) contexts typically falls into this category.Metaheuristics are often utilized for such problems with the aim of finding a global optimal solution. However, such algorithms usually include lots of parameters that need to be tuned to obtain a good performance. Typically multiple simulations are run on diverse small size problems and the parameters values that perform the best on average are chosen for subsequent larger simulations.In contrast to the above approach, we propose training a neural network to predict the parameter values that work the best for an instance of the given problem. We show that various features, based on the problem instance and shareability graph statistics, can be used to predict the solution quality of a matching problem in RH services. Consequently, the values corresponding to the best predicted solution can be selected for the actual problem. We study the effectiveness of above described approach for the static assignment of vehicles to passengers in RH services. We utilized the DriveNow data from Bavarian Motor Works (BMW) for generating passenger requests inside Munich, and for the metaheuristic, we used a large neighborhood search (LNS) algorithm combined with a shareability graph.
Non-Intrusive Detection of Drowsy Driving Based on Eye Tracking Data
Authors: Zandi Ali Shahidi , Quddus Azhar , Prest Laura , Comeau Felix J. E.
Published: May 2019

Drowsy driving is one of the leading causes of motor vehicle accidents in North America. This paper presents the use of eye tracking data as a non-intrusive measure of driver behavior for detection of drowsiness. Eye tracking data were acquired from 53 subjects in a simulated driving experiment, whereas the simultaneously recorded multichannel electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were used as the baseline. A random forest (RF) and a non-linear support vector machine (SVM) were employed for binary classification of the state of vigilance. Different lengths of eye tracking epoch were selected for feature extraction, and the performance of each classifier was investigated for every epoch length. Results revealed a high accuracy for the RF classifier in the range of 88.37% to 91.18% across all epoch lengths, outperforming the SVM with 77.12% to 82.62% accuracy. A feature analysis approach was presented and top eye tracking features for drowsiness detection were identified. Altogether, this study showed a high correspondence between the extracted eye tracking features and EEG as a physiological measure of vigilance and verified the potential of these features along with a proper classification technique, such as the RF, for non-intrusive long-term assessment of drowsiness in drivers. This research would ultimately lead to development of technologies for real-time assessment of the state of vigilance, providing early warning of fatigue and drowsiness in drivers.
Minimizing Annual Average Daily Nonmotorized Traffic Estimation Errors: How Many Counters Are Needed per Factor Group?
Authors: Nordback Krista , Kothuri Sirisha , Johnstone Dylan , Lindsey Greg , Ryan Sherry , Raw Jeremy
Published: May 2019

Accurate estimates of bicycle and pedestrian volume inform safety studies, trend monitoring, and infrastructure improvements. The Federal Highway Administration’s Traffic Monitoring Guide advises current practice for estimation of nonmotorized traffic. While methodologies have been developed to minimize error in estimation of annual average daily nonmotorized traffic (AADNT), challenges persist. This study provides new guidance for monitoring and volume estimation of nonmotorized traffic. Using continuous count data from 102 sites across six cities, the findings confirm that mean absolute percent error (MAPE) in estimated AADNT is minimized when seven-day short duration counts are collected in June through September and for 24-h counts, when data are collected Tuesdays through Thursdays (except for pedestrian-only counts). MAPE across all days (except holidays) and seasons was 34% for 24-h and 20–22% for seven-day short duration counts. The magnitude of bicycle and pedestrian volumes did not significantly affect estimation errors. For factor groups larger than one counter, the length of short duration samples may influence accuracy of AADNT estimates more than the number of counters per group, all else equal. To maximize precision of estimates of AADNT, four or more counters per factor group for bicycle and five or more for pedestrian travel monitoring are recommended. These findings provide guidance for practitioners seeking to establish or improve nonmotorized traffic monitoring programs.