bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phase Transformation of Hydrothermally Stressed Adsorbents
Authors: Buhl Josef‐Christian , Herzog Thomas , Lutz Wolfgang , Wieprecht Wolfgang
Published: August 2018

Inorganic materials of zeolite type, silica gel or related materials are used as adsorbents in air conditioning machines. The cooling effect is obtained by evaporation of water thereby the adsorbent acts as pump system. After itôs saturation, the storage must be regenerated by heating. The hydrothermal stress may generate decomposition of their structure accompanied by a loss of sorption capacity. This work describes the hydrothermal stability of AlPO‐5, SAPO‐34, and silica gel in comparison with a newly developed dealuminated Y zeolite DAY. DAY (Si/Al = 3.1) and AlPO‐5 zeolites are hydrothermally stable over a wide temperature range even under harsh condition of maximum water loading of their pore system. DAY exhibits a higher water sorption capacity but becomes amorphous with increasing temperature, whereas AlPO‐5 transforms into a tridymite analogous crystalline phase with an intermediate state at 140 °C. But, both phase transformation processes are not relevant for the application of the compounds in low‐temperature driven heat pumps due to less hydrothermal stressing there. SAPO‐34 decomposes already under mild hydrothermal conditions. In analogy to AlPO‐5 it forms the tridymite analogous structure at high temperature. The silica gel looses the sorption capacity systematically because of the healing of its structure by condensation of free silanol groups, whereby Q2 and Q3 groups change into Q4 groups.
Magnetically-charged supersymmetric flows of gauged $$ \mathcal{N}=8 $$ supergravity in five dimensions
Authors: Suh Minwoo
Published: August 2018

Abstract

We study magnetically-charged supersymmetric flow equations in a consistent truncation of gauged

$$ \mathcal{N}=8 $$

N
=
8

supergravity in five dimensions. This truncation gives gauged

$$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$

N
=
2

supergravity coupled to two vector multiplets and two hypermultiplets. We derive magnetically-charged flow equations of scalar fields from vector and hypermultiplets. It turns out that there could be only up to two nontrivial scalar fields out of eight from the hypermultiplets. Along the way, we recover some known AdS
3 solutions of the flow equations.
Geometric IR subtraction for final state real radiation
Authors: Herzog Franz
Published: August 2018

Abstract

A scheme is proposed for the subtraction of soft and collinear divergences present in massless final state real emission phase space integrals. The scheme is based on a local slicing procedure which utilises the soft and collinear factorisation properties of amplitudes to produce universal counter-terms whose analytic integration is relatively simple. As a first application the scheme is applied to establish a general pole formula for final state real radiation at NLO and NNLO in Yang Mills theory for arbitrary multiplicities. All required counter-terms are evaluated to all orders in the dimensional regulator in terms of Γ — and
p

F

q
hypergeometric — functions. As a proof of principle the poles in the dimensional regulator of the H → gggg double real emission contribution to the H → gg decay rate are reproduced.
Rationally designed perturbation factor drives evolution in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for industrial application
Authors: Xu Xin , Liu Chunfeng , Niu Chengtuo , Wang Jinjing , Zheng Feiyun , Li Yongxian , Li Qi
Published: August 2018

Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with favorable characteristics are preferred for application in industries. However, the current ability to reprogram a yeast cell on the genome scale is limited due to the complexity of yeast ploids. In this study, a method named genome replication engineering-assisted continuous evolution (GREACE) was proved efficient in engineering S. cerevisiae with different ploids. Through iterative cycles of culture coupled with selection, GREACE could continuously improve the target traits of yeast by accumulating beneficial genetic modification in genome. The application of GREACE greatly improved the tolerance of yeast against acetic acid compared with their parent strain. This method could also be employed to improve yeast aroma profile and the phenotype could be stably inherited to the offspring. Therefore, GREACE method was efficient in S. cerevisiae engineering and it could be further used to evolve yeast with other specific characteristics.
Characterization and phase I study of CLR457, an orally bioavailable pan-class I PI3-kinase inhibitor
Authors: Harding James J. , Bauer Todd M. , Tan Daniel S. W. , Bedard Philippe L. , Rodon Jordi , Doi Toshihiko , Schnell Christian , Iyer Varsha , Baffert Fabienne , Radhakrishnan Rajkumar , Fabre Claire , Juric Dejan
Published: August 2018

Background CLR457 is an orally bioavailable pan-phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor. Methods CLR457 anti-tumor activity and pharmacokinetics (PK) were characterized by in vitro biochemical assays and in vivo tumor xenografts. A first-in-human study was conducted to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, PK, and efficacy of CLR457. Successive cohorts of patients with advanced solid tumors with PI3K pathway activation received increasing CLR457 doses according to a Bayesian escalation model based on the rate of dose limiting toxicity (DLT) in the first 28-day cycle. Results CLR457 inhibited p110α, p110β, p110δ and p110γ isoforms with an IC50 of 89 ± 29 nM, 56 ± 35 nM, 39 ± 10 nM and 230 ± 31 nM, respectively. CLR457 exhibited dose-dependent antitumor activity and interfered with glucose homeostasis in PI3K-mutant tumor xenografts. 31 patients received doses ranging from 5 to 100 mg. DLTs included grade 3 hyperglycemia and rash (3). In the 100 mg cohort (n = 11), 3 (27.3%) patients had DLTs and all patients (100%) experienced ≥ grade 3 toxicity with rash (45.5%) as the most common event. The MTD was not determined. For the entire study population, stomatitis (45.2%), diarrhea (38.7%), rash (35.5%) were the most common any grade toxicities—51.6% patients experienced ≥ Grade 3 toxicity. CLR457 was rapidly absorbed with limited accumulation and linear PK. PK modeling indicated that pharmacologically active concentrations were achieved at the highest dose tested (100 mg), though no objective responses were observed. Conclusion CLR457 clinical development was terminated due to poor tolerability and limited antitumor activity. These results emphasize the difficulty of achieving a wide therapeutic index when targeting all class I PI3K-isoforms.
The role of self-control and regulatory foci in money-saving behaviours among children
Authors: Trzcińska Agata , Sekścińska Katarzyna , Maison Dominika
Published: August 2018

The studies aimed to discover if it is possible to increase children’s ability to defer consumption in favour of saving money by drawing attention to the importance of self-control and by inducing regulatory focus of promotion or prevention. The first study confirmed that economic behaviours of children are connected to their level of self-control. Next, in two experimental studies, self-control and regulatory focus were experimentally induced in 9- to 11-year-old children. The second study (n = 158) showed that self-control activation results in preference of saving over immediate consumption for boys but not for girls. The third study (n = 144) showed that promotion regulatory focus activation results in preference of saving over immediate consumption, while after the activation of prevention regulatory focus, children prefer immediate consumption. The results indicate that sole activation in children’s thinking about the importance of self-control or about specific self-regulation motivations may influence saving behaviours. Nevertheless, due to the fact that males and females differ in self-control levels and in motivation for goal pursuit, inducing self-control or specific regulatory focus in children may have different effects on economic decisions, depending on a child’s gender.
How Has the Lower Boundary of Human Mortality Evolved, and Has It Already Stopped Decreasing?
Authors: Ebeling Marcus
Published: August 2018

In contrast to the upper boundary of mortality, the lower boundary has so far largely been neglected. Based on the three key features—location, sex-specific difference, and level—I analyze past and present trends in the lower boundary of human mortality. The analysis is based on cohort mortality data for 38 countries, covering all the cohorts born between 1900 and 1993. Minimum mortality is analyzed using observed as well as smoothed estimates. The results show that the ages at which minimum mortality is reached have shifted to lower ages. Although the differences have become almost negligible over time, males are showing higher levels of minimum mortality than females. The level of minimum mortality was halved more than five times over the analyzed time horizon. The results also suggest that even after more than 150 years of mortality improvements, minimum mortality has not yet reached a lowest limit and is likely to decrease further in the near future. Trends in the three key features also raise questions about the importance of evolutionary, social, and biological determinants for the recent and future development of minimum mortality.
Effects of Cupressus sempervirens extract on the healing of acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rat
Authors: Sepehrimanesh Masood , Samimi Nastaran , Koohi-Hosseinabadi Omid , Mokhtari Maral , Amiri-Zadeh Saeed , Farjam Mojtaba
Published: August 2018

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the colon with an unknown etiology. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Cupressus sempervirens extract on the healing of acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rat. Fifty-five male rats divided into five equal treatment groups were used for this study and received the following treatments: Group 1, 250 mg/kg asacol; Group 2, 1 ml gel base (carboxymethyl cellulose); Group 3, 0.5% gel form of C. sempervirens extract; Group 4, 1% gel form of C. sempervirens extract, and; Group 5, considered as negative control and received 1 ml of normal saline. Body weight changes, histopathological and antioxidant changes in the colon tissue were evaluated. Significant weight gain was observed in rats that received 1% gel extract of C. sempervirens. Significant superoxide dismutase activity was also detected in 0.5 and 1% gel extract groups compared to C. sempervirens extract, Asacol and in 1% gel extract groups compared to the gel base group. Furthermore, both gel extract groups had significant lower total antioxidant capacity compared to Asacol group. Several histopathological lesions including inflammation, ulceration, crypt disarray, and goblet cell depletion were detected in the different groups, however, the mean rank of pathological changes showed no significant difference among the five groups. In summary, our results showed that hydroalcoholic extracts of C. sempervirens leaves produces healing effects in acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis.
The decision to recall: A behavioral investigation in the medical device industry
Authors: Ball George P. , Shah Rachna , Donohue Karen
Published: August 2018

The decision to recall a product can significantly affect an operations manager's career, the credibility and financial performance of the firm, and the safety of customers. Despite the importance of this decision, there has been little behavioral research on what influences judgment in this task. Leveraging insights from interviews with regulators and professionals in the medical device industry, and supported by behavioral theory, we identify a set of factors that may influence the recall decision. We test the effect of these factors using a primary experiment with 167 managers from a Fortune 500 medical device firm and a replication study with 614 subjects from Amazon Mechanical Turk. We find that a physician's ability to detect a defect prior to product use decreases the likelihood to recall, while a manager's understanding of the root cause of the defect increases the likelihood to recall. In a second study with 372 Amazon Mechanical Turk subjects, we find that perceived patient customer harm and perceived cost of the recall both mediate the relationship between defect detectability and recall likelihood, but that harm is more influential than cost. Further, the perceived cost of the recall also mediates the relationship between root cause understanding and recall likelihood. By uncovering behavioral factors and their mechanisms in the recall decision, this study offers important insights to both industry and regulators.
Measurement of Cervical Multifidus and Longus Colli Muscle Dimensions in Patients With Cervical Radiculopathy and Healthy Controls Using Ultrasonography: A Reliability Study
Authors: Amiri‐Arimi S. , Mohseni Bandpei M.A. , Rezasoltani A. , Javanshir K. , Biglarian A.
Published: August 2018

Background

Cervical radiculopathy is a musculoskeletal disorder with an increasing prevalence in office workers. In recent years, ultrasonography (US) has been reported to be a valid, inexpensive, and noninvasive technique for the objective evaluation of muscle morphology. However, measuring deep cervical paraspinal muscle dimensions using US in patients with cervical radiculopathy has not been described.

Objective

To evaluate intrasession and intersession reliabilities of US to measure dimensions of deep cervical muscles at rest in patients with chronic cervical radiculopathy and healthy controls.

Design

Reliability study.

Setting

Outpatients who presented for treatment at an outpatient university physiotherapy clinic.

Participants

Fifteen patients with cervical radiculopathy and 15 healthy controls.

Interventions

US measurements.

Outcome

Cervical multifidus and longus colli muscle dimensions at separate occasions.

Methods

Two measurements separated by a 1‐hour interval were taken on the same day and the third measurement was taken 5 days later. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), SE of measurement, and minimal detectable change were used to evaluate relative and absolute reliabilities.

Results

US was a highly reliable method for measuring the multifidus and longus colli muscle dimensions in patients and healthy subjects. The highest reliability scores were found for the anteroposterior dimension measurement of the multifidus muscle (ICC = 0.92) and the lateral dimension measurement of the longus colli muscle (ICC = 0.97) in healthy subjects.

Conclusions

The results indicated that US is a highly reliable method of measuring deep cervical muscle dimensions in patients with cervical radiculopathy and healthy controls when measured by the same investigator.

Level of Evidence

III
Legal Time
Authors: Conklin William E.
Published: August 2018

This article claims that legal time has excluded and submerged an important sense of time inside structured time. Structured time has two forms. Each form of structured time identifies a beginning to a legal order (droit,Recht) as a whole. The one form has focussed upon a critical date. The critical date is exemplified by a basic text, such as the Constitution, or the judicially identified date of settlement, sovereignty or territorial control of a territory by the state. The second form of structured time has begun with the judicial recognition of a value such as the rule of law, the protection of minorities, equal treatment, or due process of law. With the two forms of structured time, jurists have proceeded to identify a binding law. Such a law has been considered a rule, principle, doctrine or other intelligible standard. Once structured legal time has thus begun, events of legal relevance have been represented by jurists in a distinct phase or period of time. Each such a distinct period is parsed through reference to its named, or labelled, starting point and the latter, in turn and ultimately, with reference to the beginning of the very constitutional order as a whole. Legal justification and the conceptual structures of justification are presumed to follow suit. The article argues, however, that another sense of time, excluded and submerged inside structured time, is experienced. An experienced event, manifested as a discrete incident in experiential time, opens to a condition of the possibility of the existence of law.
A Taxonomy of Legal Control
Authors: Ward Daniel
Published: August 2018

Ideas as to how the law exercises control over its subjects can be formulated as explanations for the concurrence of two facts: A. the law stipulates certain behaviour, and B. a given subject behaves in conformity with that stipulation. Such explanations can be organised into a taxonomy. The exercise forces us to consider what is important in a theory of legal order. The taxonomy developed here suggests that there are three main mechanisms for controlling a particular subject’s behaviour: (1) collateral motivation (coercion and reward); (2) authority; and (3) coordination, or the intervention in the subject’s strategic situation through affecting the behaviour of others. Other accounts have tended either to leave out coordination or to seek to assimilate it to authority. Such treatment overlooks important, ethically distinctive features of coordination as a mechanism of bringing about compliance with the law.
Constitutional Interpretation and Institutional Perspectives: A Deliberative Proposal
Authors: Hutt Donald Bello
Published: August 2018

Legal scholars generally consider the theorisation and constitutionalisation of constitutional interpretation as a matter for the courts. This article first challenges this tendency on conceptual grounds, showing that no institutional commitment follows from the nature of interpretation in law, constitutional law included. It then provides guidance for thinking about institutional perspectives according to two criteria: the nature and normative strength of the sources interpreted and the capacity of the interpreter to include and consider every possibility affected when her interpretation carries collective effects and is authoritatively final. The application of these criteria places the discussion on the grounds of democratic theory. The article thus reviews competing democratic theories and champions deliberative democracy as the alternative whose constitutive features best allow for the development of institutions capable of exercising constitutional interpretation when the imposition of meaning on the constitution is final and carrieserga omneseffects.
How to Make Causal Inferences with Time-Series Cross-Sectional Data under Selection on Observables
Authors: BLACKWELL MATTHEW , GLYNN ADAM N.
Published: August 2018

Repeated measurements of the same countries, people, or groups over time are vital to many fields of political science. These measurements, sometimes called time-series cross-sectional (TSCS) data, allow researchers to estimate a broad set of causal quantities, including contemporaneous effects and direct effects of lagged treatments. Unfortunately, popular methods for TSCS data can only produce valid inferences for lagged effects under some strong assumptions. In this paper, we use potential outcomes to define causal quantities of interest in these settings and clarify how standard models like the autoregressive distributed lag model can produce biased estimates of these quantities due to post-treatment conditioning. We then describe two estimation strategies that avoid these post-treatment biases—inverse probability weighting and structural nested mean models—and show via simulations that they can outperform standard approaches in small sample settings. We illustrate these methods in a study of how welfare spending affects terrorism.
Slavery, Capitalism, and the Problem of Misprision
Authors: COCLANIS PETER A.
Published: August 2018

One of the most interesting scholarly developments in historical circles over the course of the last few years has been the unanticipated rise of the field known as the “new history of American capitalism.” Although most devotees of this new field are not formally trained in economics – indeed, some demonstrate little familiarity with the standard methods informing the discipline – the rise of the field on balance has been salutary for the traditional field to which it is most closely related: economic history. For decades economic history qua field had been shrinking, particularly in history departments, but also in departments of economics, as historians jumped on the cultural bandwagon or set sail with Atlantic history, and economists moved toward theory, models, and abstraction and away from messy empirics and fussy data, especially from the deep recesses of the past (often defined as anything prior to the last quarter). And so, academic scribblers – including this one, alas – anticipating the demise of economic history, were busy penning ex ante epitaphs and memorials to the field, as the remaining practitioners became grayer and longer in the tooth.
Electrostatic potential variations on stellarator magnetic surfaces in low collisionality regimes
Authors: Calvo Iván , Velasco José Luis , Parra Félix I. , Alonso J. Arturo , García-Regaña José Manuel
Published: August 2018

The component of the neoclassical electrostatic potential that is non-constant on the magnetic surface, that we denote by$\tilde{\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}}$, can affect radial transport of highly charged impurities, and this has motivated its inclusion in some modern neoclassical codes. The number of neoclassical simulations in which$\tilde{\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}}$is calculated is still scarce, partly because they are usually demanding in terms of computational resources, especially at low collisionality. In this paper the size, the scaling with collisionality and with aspect ratio and the structure of$\tilde{\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}}$on the magnetic surface are analytically derived in the$1/\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$,$\sqrt{\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}}$and superbanana-plateau regimes of stellarators close to omnigeneity; i.e. stellarators that have been optimized for neoclassical transport. It is found that the largest$\tilde{\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}}$that the neoclassical equations admit scales linearly with the inverse aspect ratio and with the size of the deviation from omnigeneity. Using a model for a perturbed omnigenous configuration, the analytical results are verified and illustrated with calculations by the codeKNOSOS. The techniques, results and numerical tools employed in this paper can be applied to neoclassical transport problems in tokamaks with broken axisymmetry.
Norman Erlend Mooney, Shackleton's “other” Boy Scout
Authors: Lewis-Smith Ronald I.
Published: August 2018

In 1921, when Sir Ernest Shackleton was planning his circum-Antarctic expedition on the R.Y.S. Quest, he was eager to appoint a suitably qualified young person as a cabin boy or deck hand. He expressed great admiration for the Boy Scout Movement and its founder, Sir Robert Baden-Powell. Discussions between them led to Shackleton advertising for a Boy Scout to accompany him on the expedition, believing that the experience would greatly benefit the youngster's character, as well as providing much positive publicity for the expedition. He selected two young Scouts but, while much has been written about James Marr, no account has been written about the younger boy, Norman Mooney. This is because he was unable to cope with continuous seasickness and had to return home after only four weeks at sea. This account provides some little-known detail about Mooney and why he was selected, and about Shackleton's sensitive recruiting procedure.
Development and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers for Spathoglottis plicata (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Li Chiuan-Yu , Huang Chi-Chun , Chen Chaur-Tzuhn , Hung Kuo-Hsiang
Published: August 2018

We developed novel and polymorphic microsatellite primers for Spathoglottis plicata, a tropical and subtropical terrestrial orchid, to investigate the genetic patterns and population structure among wild populations, and also to identify the varieties and hybrids of S. plicata in horticultural industry. The 12 novel microsatellites from S. plicata were developed by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based isolation of microsatellite arrays. These markers that were successfully PCR amplified exhibited polymorphisms in S. plicata. The number of alleles, observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and polymorphism information content values across loci ranged from 2.000 to 8.000, 0.000 to 0.756, 0.208 to 0.813 and 0.405 to 0.805 in total populations, respectively. The newly developed microsatellite markers exhibited variation in S. plicata. These markers can be used as a tool to further investigate the genetic diversity, conservation genetics and variety/hybrid identification of S. plicata.
Insect-based compost and vermicompost production, quality and performance
Authors: Piñero Jaime C. , Shivers Traron , Byers Patrick L. , Johnson Hwei-Yiing
Published: August 2018

In an attempt to utilize large amounts of Japanese beetles, Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) that were captured using a mass trapping system, compost using Japanese beetle carcasses was prepared with the layer method. Carbon sources included shredded paper, wood chips and leaves, while the sole nitrogen source was frozen Japanese beetles. In addition, Japanese beetle-based vermicompost was prepared in the greenhouse by mixing the Japanese beetle-based compost with sphagnum peat moss and moist shredded paper and exposing this mixture to composting earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Chemical analyses of the Japanese beetle carcasses indicated that 10.8% of their body weight is nitrogen (N). Analyses of the resulting Japanese beetle-based compost and vermicompost indicated that both types of materials are good quality soil amendments. Greenhouse studies were conducted to quantify the effects of varying proportions of Japanese beetle-based vermicompost and compost mixed with a potting medium and varying dosages of synthetic fertilizer 20-0-0, on mean fresh and dry weight of lettuce shoots and leaf area. Japanese beetle-based compost and vermicompost increased lettuce biomass to an extent that was comparable with the addition of synthetic N-based fertilizer. A mixture of 15 and 30% of each compost type with potting media significantly increased plant weight and leaf area compared with potting medium alone. Results indicate that composting and vermicomposting insect carcasses are a simple, effective and affordable method to augment fertilization in support of organic production.
On the claimed X-shaped structure in the Milky Way bulge
Authors: Han Daniel , Lee Young-Wook
Published: August 2018

A number of recent studies have claimed that the double red clump observed in the Milky Way bulge is a consequence of an X-shaped structure. In particular, Ness & Lang (2016) report a direct detection of a faint X-shaped structure in the bulge from the residual map of the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) image. Here we show, however, that their result is seriously affected by a bulge model subtracted from the original image. When a boxy bulge model is subtracted, instead of a simple exponential bulge model as has been done by Ness & Lang, we find that most of the X-shaped structure in the residuals disappears. Furthermore, even if real, the stellar density in the claimed X-shaped structure is way too low to be observed as a strong double red clump (dRC) at l = 0°.
Dynamical imprint of interstellar gas on persistence of spiral structure in galaxies
Authors: Ghosh Soumavo , Jog Chanda J.
Published: August 2018

The persistence of the spiral structure in disk galaxies has long been debated. In this work, we investigate the dynamical influence of interstellar gas on the persistence of the spiral arms in disk galaxies. We show that the gas helps the spiral arms to survive for longer time-scale (~ a few Gyr). Also, we show that the addition of gas in calculation is necessary for getting a stable density wave corresponding to the observed pattern speed of the spiral arms.
NIHAO-UHD: High-resolution Simulations of MW mass galaxies
Authors: Buck Tobias , Macciò Andrea , Ness Melissa , Obreja Aura , Dutton Aaron
Published: August 2018

High resolution cosmological and hydrodynamical simulations have reached a resolution able to resolve in a self consistent way the disc of our galaxy, the galaxy center and the satellites orbiting around it. We present first results from the NIHAO-UHD project, a set of very high-resolution baryonic zoom-in simulations of Milky Way mass disc galaxies. These simulations model the full cosmological assembly history of the galaxies and their satellite system using the same, well tested physics as the NIHAO project. We show that these simulations can self-consistently reproduce the observed kinematical and morphological features of the X-shaped bulge observed in our own Milky Way.
Distribution functions for Galactic disc stellar populations in the presence of non-axisymmetric perturbations
Authors: Famaey B. , Monari G. , Siebert A. , Fouvry J.-B. , Binney J.
Published: August 2018

The present-day response of a Galactic disc stellar population to a non-axisymmetric perturbation of the potential, in the form of a bar or spiral arms, can be treated, away from the main resonances, through perturbation theory within the action-angle coordinates of the unperturbed axisymmetric system. The first order moments of such a perturbed distribution function (DF) in the presence of spiral arms give rise to non-zero radial and vertical mean stellar velocities, called breathing modes. Such an Eulerian linearized treatment however diverges at resonances. The Lagrangian approach to the impact of non-axisymmetries at resonances avoids this problem. It is based on the construction of new orbital tori in the resonant trapping region, which come complete with a new system of angle-action variables. These new tori can be populated by phase-averaging the unperturbed DF over the new tori. This boils down to phase-mixing the DF in terms of the new angles, such that the DF for trapped orbits only depends on the new set of actions. This opens the way to quantitatively fitting the effects of the bar and spirals to Gaia data with an action-based DF.
Quenching in gas-rich Milky Way-type galaxies
Authors: Khoperskov S. , Haywood M. , Di Matteo P. , Lehnert M. , Combes F.
Published: August 2018

To explore the relation between bar formation and star formation in Milky Way-type galaxies quantitatively, we simulated gas-rich disk isolated galaxies. We find that the action of the stellar bar efficiently quenches star formation, reducing the star-formation rate by a factor of 10 in less than 1 Gyr. Analytical and self-consistent galaxy simulations with bars suggest that the action of the stellar bar increases the gas random motions within the co-rotation radius of the bar. Indeed, we detect an increase in the gas velocity dispersion at the end of the bar formation phase. The star formation efficiency decreases rapidly, and in all of our models, the bar quenches the star formation in the galaxy. The star-formation efficiency is much lower in simulated barred compared to unbarred galaxies and more rapid bar formation implies more rapid quenching.
Kinematic and Chemical Analysis of AEGIS Survey Stars
Authors: Dietz Sarah , Beers Timothy C. , Placco Vinicius M. , Yoon Jinmi ,   The AEGIS Collaboration
Published: August 2018

The AAOmega Evolution of Galactic Structure (AEGIS) survey (P.I. Keller) was a moderate scale (45 nights) spectroscopic survey carried out with the AAOmega multi-fiber spectrograph at the Anglo-Australian Telescope. The input catalogue for the spectroscopic observations was derived from photometry of approximately 200 two-degree diameter fields obtained during the commissioning of the SkyMapper survey. The data consists of medium-resolution (R ~ 2,000) spectroscopy for approximately 70,000 thick disk and halo stars spanning a survey footprint of 4,900 square degrees. We plan to use the AEGIS data to further characterize the properties of the disk and halo systems and better constrain the assembly history of the Galaxy based on the behavior of the CEMP-no and CEMP-s stars in the sample.
Measurement of [Fe/H] and [C/Fe] for Metal-Poor Stars from the RAVE Survey
Authors: Rasmussen Kaitlin C. , Beers Timothy C. , Placco Vinicius M. , Yoon Jinmi , Dietz Sarah
Published: August 2018

The RAVE survey obtains moderate-resolution (R ~ 7500) spectroscopy of relatively bright stars in the region of the Ca triplet, and derives estimates of stellar atmospheric parameters (Teff, log g, and [Fe/H]) and abundance estimates for a limited number of elements. The RAVE sample is selected on apparent magnitude, effectively removing the biases typically associated with searches for metal-poor stars such as metallicity, evolutionary status, or Galactic population membership. For the past several years, we have been obtaining medium-resolution (R ~ 1800) spectroscopy over a much wider wavelength range, from 3700 Å to 5500 Å, for RAVE stars with estimated metallicities from the RAVE pipeline of [Fe/H] < −1.8.

Based on these observations, we use the well-tested n-SSPP pipeline to obtain atmospheric parameter estimates, as well as measurements of [C/Fe], for over 1,700 metal-poor star candidates. We present an analysis of the distribution of carbon-enhancement in the relatively local volume of the Galaxy as a function of metallicity, location, and kinematics. Our results are useful to test the RAVE parameter estimates, and add to the growing number of known carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars for future high-resolution follow-up.
Synergies between the VVVX Survey and the S-PLUS Galactic Survey
Authors: Saito Roberto K. , Minniti Dante , de Oliveira Claudia Mendes
Published: August 2018

Two new Galactic Surveys started activities in 2016: the ESO Public VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea eXtended Survey (VVVX) and the Southern Photometric Local Universe Survey Galactic Survey (S-PLUS GS). VVVX is the extension of the ESO VVV Survey ((Minniti et al. 2010) and will triple the observed area from 562 deg2 to 1700 deg2. The S-PLUS GS makes use of the T80-South robotic telescope in Cerro Tololo (Chile) to observe 1420 deg2 of the Galactic disk and bulge in the optical. The S-PLUS GS will cover 800 deg2 contemporaneously and overlapping with VVVX. Here we explore the synergy between these ongoing surveys and present illustrative examples combining the optical and infrared data.
The GOTHAM survey: chemical evolution of Milky Way globular clusters
Authors: Dias Bruno , Barbuy Beatriz , Saviane Ivo , Held Enrico V. , Da Costa Gary , Ortolani Sergio , Gullieuszik Marco
Published: August 2018

Milky Way globular clusters are excellent laboratories for stellar population detailed analysis that can be applied to extragalactic environments with the advent of the 40m-class telescopes like the ELT. The globular cluster population traces the early evolution of the Milky Way which is the field of Galactic archaeology. We present our GlObular clusTer Homogeneous Abundance Measurement (GOTHAM) survey. We derived radial velocities, Teff, log(g), [Fe/H], [Mg/Fe] for red giant stars in one third of all Galactic globular clusters that represent well the Milky Way globular cluster system in terms of metallicity, mass, reddening, and distance. Our method is based on low-resolution spectroscopy and is intrinsically reddening free and efficient even for faint stars. Our [Fe/H] determinations agree with high-resolution results to within 0.08 dex. The GOTHAM survey provides a new metallicity scale for Galactic globular clusters with a significant update of metallicities higher than [Fe/H] > -0.7. We show that the trend of [Mg/Fe] with metallicity is not constant as previously found, because now we have more metal-rich clusters. Moreover, peculiar clusters whose [Mg/Fe] does not match Galactic stars for a given metallicity are discussed. We also measured the CaII triplet index for all stars and we show that the different chemical evolution of Milky Way open clusters, field stars, and globular clusters implies different calibrations of calcium triplet to metallicity.
Closing remarks and Outlook
Authors: Combes Francoise
Published: August 2018

Some highlights are given of the IAU Symposium 334, Rediscovering our Galaxy, held in Potsdam, in July 2017: from the first stars fossil records found in the halo, the carbon-enhanced metal poor CEMP-no, to the cosmological simulations presenting possible scenarios for the Milky Way formation, passing through the chemo-dynamical models of the various components, thin and thick disks, box/peanut bulge, halo, etc. The domain is experiencing (or will be in the near future) huge improvements with precise and accurate stellar ages, provided by astero-seismology, precise stellar distances and kinematics (parallaxes and proper motions from GAIA), and the big data resulting from large surveys are treated with deep learning algorithms.
Astrometric Galactic maser measurements cross-matched with Gaia
Authors: Quiroga-Nuñez L. H. , van Langevelde H. J. , Reid M. J. , Sjouwerman L. O. , Pihlström Y. M. , Brown A. G. A. , Green J. A.
Published: August 2018

Using the VLBA, the BeSSeL survey has provided distances and proper motions of young massive stars, allowing an accurate measure of the Galactic spiral structure. By the same technique, we are planning to map the inner Galaxy using positions and velocities of evolved stars (provided by the BAaDE survey). These radio astrometric measurements (BeSSeL and BAaDE) will be complementary to Gaia results and the overlap will provide important clues on the intrinsic properties and population distribution of the stars in the bulge.
Chemo-Kinematic Properties of the Galactic Disk with SEGUE G and K Dwarfs: Constraints on Formation
Authors: Han Doori , Lee Young Sun , Kim Young Kwang , Beers Timothy C.
Published: August 2018

We present the derived kinematic characteristics of low-α thin-disk and high-α thick-disk stars in the Milky Way, investigated with a sample of about 32,000 G- and K-type dwarfs from the Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration (SEGUE). Based on the level of α-element enhancement as a function of [Fe/H], we separate our sample into thin- and thick-disk stars and then derive mean velocities, velocity dispersions, and velocity gradients for the U, V, and W velocity components, respectively, as well as the orbital eccentricity distribution. There are notable gradients in the V velocity over [Fe/H] in both populations: −23 km s−1 dex−1 for the thin disk and +44 km s−1 dex−1 for the thick disk. The velocity dispersion of the thick disk decreases with increasing [Fe/H], while the velocity dispersion gradient over [Fe/H] for the thin disk is almost flat for all velocity components, except for the W velocity dispersion of the metal-poor thin-disk stars. The eccentricity distribution exhibits a peak at a higher value, and is more symmetric as [α/Fe] increases, implying that complex formation mechanisms may be involved. Our results can be used to constrain several proposed disk-formation scenarios of the Milky Way and other large spirals.
Small Variation of the NIR and MIR Interstellar Extinction Laws
Authors: Gao Jian , Jiang B. W. , Xue Mengyao
Published: August 2018

Using the data from APOGEE, WISE, and GLIMPSE, we explored the variation of the near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) interstellar extinction laws of the Milky Way. We derived the IR extinction laws towards a number of different sightlines, including 24 bins along Galactic latitude (b) and 592 plates observed by APOGEE. Our results indicate that E(J-H)/E(J-K) show only subtle variation along b, Galactic longitude (l), or the depth of E(J-K). This suggests that the NIR extinction law can be considered as universal. Similarly, E(K-W1, W2, W3, [3.6], [4.5], [5.8], [8.0])/E(J-K) also show only small variation along b, l, or the extinction depth. The MIR extinction curve is flat, indicating that the MIR extinction law is likely universal.
The IMF in the Galactic Disk and Bulge are Indistinguishable
Authors: Wegg Christopher , Gerhard Ortwin , Portail Matthieu
Published: August 2018

We have measured the IMF of the inner Galaxy using ~3000 OGLE-III microlensing events. Each event’s timescale depends on both the lens mass, and the velocities and distances of the lens and source. New dynamical models were used provide the distribution of distances and velocities, and thereby measure the lens mass distribution. Using a power-law or log-normal parameterisation the resultant IMF is indistinguishable from local measurements by Kroupa or Chabrier respectively. The lenses lie in the inner Galaxy where the stars are mostly ~10 Gyr old and formed on a fast α-element enhanced timescale thereby constraining IMF variability with the properties of the collapsing gas cloud. Furthermore microlensing measures the stellar mass budget, including dark remnants, to low mass. Stars contribute most of the mass in the inner Galaxy with a low fraction remaining for dark matter. Reconciling this with local dark matter estimates requires a core or shallow cusp in its profile.
Highlights in the Milky Way
Authors: Matteucci Francesca , Spitoni Emanuele , Grisoni Valeria
Published: August 2018

We discuss some important topics concerning the chemical evolution of the Milky Way. In particular, we compare the predictions of theoretical chemical models for our Galaxy with the latest observational data in order to derive constraint on the formation and evolution of the various Galactic components.
Chemical tagging experiment with the Gaia-ESO open clusters
Authors: Smiljanic Rodolfo ,   the
Published: August 2018

Stars observed in the field of an open cluster are ideal for a controlled test of chemical tagging. Using chemical tagging, one should identify the cluster members, i.e., those stars of similar chemical composition, if their composition is indeed different from that of all the non-member stars of the field. Moreover, the abundance-based membership can be checked against membership based on radial velocities and proper motions. Here, I report preliminary results of such an experiment using data from the Gaia-ESO Survey. Although the three membership criteria usually agree, a few interesting examples of discrepant membership classification have been found. In addition, the mean composition of each open cluster was compared to a sample of 1 600 Gaia-ESO field stars. Some cases of field stars with abundances matching those of the open clusters were identified. This experiment suggests that open clusters do not necessarily have unique abundance patterns that set them apart from all other clusters.
Stellar Substructure in the Halos of the Milky Way and M31
Authors: Ferguson Annette M. N.
Published: August 2018

Dedicated wide-field surveys have uncovered a variety of debris features and stellar streams in the halos of the Milky Way and M31. I briefly compare these perspectives and discuss how observations of the peripheral regions of M31 can help shape our current understanding of the Milky Way. Much complexity resides in the outer halos of both systems in terms of overlapping structures, and I conclude by briefly highlighting some ongoing work to characterise a narrow tidal stream in the vicinity of the ultra-faint satellite Segue 1.
Binarity in CEMP-no stars
Authors: Arentsen Anke , Starkenburg Else , Shetrone Matthew D. , McConnachie Alan W. , Depagne Éric , Venn Kim A.
Published: August 2018

We monitor a sample of CEMP-no stars using the CFHT and SALT telescopes to gain additional knowledge about the possible binarity of these stars. This information is valuable for each individual star, and additionally it could be used to further constrain their binary fraction. We find two new CEMP-no binaries and four additional CEMP-no stars that show some indication of radial velocity variations, resulting in a CEMP-no binary fraction of ~20%.
The effects of the selection function on metallicity trends in spectroscopic surveys of the Milky Way
Authors: Nandakumar G. , Schultheis M. , Hayden M. , Rojas-Arriagada A. , Kordopatis G. , Haywood M.
Published: August 2018

We investigate here the effect of the selection function on the metallicity distribution function (MDF) as well as on the vertical metallicity gradient by studying similar lines-of-sight using four different spectroscopic surveys (APOGEE, LAMOST, RAVE and Gaia-ESO) which have different targeting strategies and therefore different selection functions. We create mock fields for each survey using two stellar population synthesis models, GALAXIA and TRILEGAL. The effects of the selection function are studied in detail by applying the selection function to the two models and comparing the MDF as well as vertical metallicity gradients of the selected sources with that of the underlying sample. We find a negligible selection function effect on the MDF as well as on the vertical metallicity gradients for APOGEE, RAVE and LAMOST, and estimate a mean vertical metallicity gradient of -0.241±0.028 dex kpc−1.
ESO Spectroscopic Facility
Authors: Pasquini Luca , Delabre B. , Ellis R. S. , Marrero J. , Cavaller L. , de Zeeuw Tim
Published: August 2018

We present the concept of a novel facility dedicated to massively-multiplexed spectroscopy. The telescope has a very wide field Cassegrain focus optimised for fibre feeding. With a Field of View (FoV) of 2.5 degrees diameter and a 11.4m pupil, it will be the largest etendue telescope. The large focal plane can easily host up to 16.000 fibres. In addition, a gravity invariant focus for the central 10 arc-minutes is available to host a giant integral field unit (IFU). The 3 lenses corrector includes an ADC, and has good performance in the 360-1300 nm wavelength range. The top level science requirements were developed by a dedicated ESO working group, and one of the primary cases is high resolution spectroscopy of GAIA stars and, in general, how our Galaxy formed and evolves. The facility will therefore be equipped with both, high and low resolution spectrographs. We stress the importance of developing the telescope and instrument designs simultaneously. The most relevant R&D aspect is also briefly discussed.
Efficiency and success rates of the Pristine survey from spectroscopic follow-up
Authors: Youakim Kris , Starkenburg Else , Aguado David , Martin Nicolas ,   the Pristine collaboration
Published: August 2018

The Pristine survey uses narrow-band photometry on the region of the Ca II H & K absorption lines to find extremely metal-poor stars. With a spectroscopic follow-up sample of 205 stars in the magnitude range 14 < V < 18, we compute the success rates for finding extremely metal-poor stars and modify the selection criteria used to select stars for follow-up. This reduces the sample to 149 stars, and from these we report success rates of 22% for recovering stars with [Fe/H] < −3.0 and 70% for [Fe/H] < −2.5. When compared to previous works that search for extremely metal-poor stars, the success rates of Pristine
show an improvement in efficiency by a factor of ~4 − 5.
Galactic Archeology with RAVE and TGAS
Authors: Steinmetz Matthias ,   the RAVE collaboration
Published: August 2018

The 5th RAVE data release is based on 520,781 spectra (R ≈ 7500 in the CaT region at 8410 - 8795Å) of 457,588 unique stars. RAVE DR5 provides radial velocities, stellar parameters and individual abundances for up to seven elements and distances found using isochrones for a considerable subset of these objects. In particular, RAVE DR5 has 255,922 stellar observations that also have parallaxes and proper motions from the Tycho-Gaia astrometric solution (TGAS) in Gaia DR1. The combination of RAVE and TGAS thus provides the currently largest overlap of spectroscopic and space-based astrometric data and thus can serve as a formidable preview of what Gaia is going to deliver in coming data releases. Basic properties of the RAVE+TGAS survey and its derived data products are presented as well as first applications w.r.t wave-like patterns in the disk structure. An outlook to the 6th RAVE data release is given.