bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence Of Osteochondritis Dissecans Of The Capitellum In Young Baseball Players Based On Ultrasonographic Findings
Authors: Matsuura Tetsuya , Suzue Naoto , Iwame Toshiyuki , Sairyo Koichi
Published: March 2015

Objectives:

Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the capitellum is a well-recognized cause of elbow pain and disability in adolescent athletes. However, little is known about the prevalence of OCD in adolescent baseball players. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of OCD in baseball players aged 10-12 years based on ultrasonographic findings and to investigate the clinical characteristics of those with OCD lesions.

Methods:

A total of 1,040 players aged 10-12 years completed a questionnaire, ultrasound imaging, and radiographic examination to investigate OCD. Sonographic findings were classified into 5 grades (0, 1a, 1b, 2, and 3). Sonographic findings were graded as follows: grade 0, normal; grade 1a, irregular surface of subchondral bone; grade 1b, a cystic lesion of the subchondral bone surface; grade 2, irregularity of the subchondral bone; and grade 3, discontinuity of the subchondral bone. Subjects with grade 1a, 1b, 2, or 3 were considered to have abnormal findings of the capitellum and were advised to undergo radiography. Radiographic and ultrasonographic findings were then compared. The prevalence of OCD was calculated and differences by age and player position were determined.

Results:

Of the 1,040 players, 33 (3.2%) had an abnormal finding on initial ultrasonography screening, and all 33 agreed to undergo radiography. Of them, 22 (66.7%) were found to have OCD of the capitellum on radiographs, giving an overall prevalence of 2.1%. Seven subjects (31.8%) had no history of elbow pain. Based on our radiographic classification, 20 subjects (90.9%) had stage I lesions (radiolucent area). Analysis of OCD by age and player position revealed no significant differences.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of OCD of the capitellum was 2.1% in 1,000 baseball players aged 10-12 years, with no differences in prevalence according to age or player position.
Arthroscopic Management of Dysplastic Hip Morphologies
Authors: Larson Christopher M. , Ross James R. , Stone Rebecca M. , Samuelson Kathryn M. , Giveans Russell , Bedi Asheesh
Published: March 2015

Objectives:

Previous reports regarding arthroscopic management of dysplastic hip morphologies have conflicting results. Arthroscopy alone in the setting of dysplastic morphologies is controversial.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed 88 hips (77 patients, 71% female, mean age 33.9 years) with radiographic findings consistent with hip dysplasia and a mean 26.0 months follow-up (range 12-80 months) after hip arthroscopy. Procedures performed included 67 labral repairs (76%), 20 selective labral debridements (23%), 72 capsular repair / plications (82%), and management of associated cam-type morphology in 63 hips (72%). All radiographs were evaluated for parameters consistent with dysplasia including the LCE, Neck Shaft angle, Tonnis angle, Extrusion index, femoral head lateralization, and break in Shenton’s line. Preoperative and post-operative function were evaluated prospectively using the Modified Harris Hip Score (MHHS), SF-12 scoring, and pain on a visual analog score (VAS). Patient demographics, procedures performed, and radiographic parameters were evaluated with regards to functional outcomes. In addition, the results of the dysplastic cohort were compared to an aged matched cohort of 231 hips (215 patients, 52% female, mean age 32 years) performed during the study period with a mean follow-up 22.7 months (12-60 months) that underwent arthroscopic FAI correction without the diagnosis of dysplasia.

Results:

The mean LCE was 20.8 degrees (range, 8.7 - 24.5), and mean Tonnis angle was 11.0 (range, 0 - 22.2 degrees). The dysplastic cohort had a mean latest MHHS of 81.3 (range, 34-100) and mean 15.6 point (range, -28 - 60) improvement in MHHS compared to 88.4 points and 24.4 points, respectively, in the FAI cohort (p<0.01). The dysplastic cohort had 60.9% good to excellent results and 32.2% failures, compared to 81.2% good/excellent results and 10.5% failures for the FAI cohort (p<0.01). Decreased head neck offset (cam-type morphology) trended towards being predictive of better scores in the dysplastic cohort (p=0.079). In addition, dysplastic hips that underwent capsular plications and labral repairs had greater good / excellent results and lower failure rates (p>0.05). Grade 4 chondral defects were predictive of lower scores (p=0.02). There were no statistically significant differences for functional outcomes regarding gender or age for either cohort (p>0.05). There were no iatrogenic subluxations / dislocations in either group.

Conclusion:

Although functional scores were improved post-arthroscopy in hips with mild to borderline dysplastic morphologies, Good/Excellent results were inferior and Failure rates were higher compared to an FAI cohort. These results were independent of gender. Associated cam-type FAI, and labral repair / capsular plications were predictive of better clinical outcomes in the dysplastic cohort. Outcomes after pelvic osteotomy in this borderline population are required to determine the optimal treatment.
OCD Lesions Of The Patella And Trochlea In Children
Authors: Kramer Dennis E. , Yen Yi-Meng , Simoni Michael , Miller Patricia , Micheli Lyle J. , Kocher Mininder S. , Heyworth Benton E.
Published: March 2015

Objectives:

The purpose of this report is to evaluate the functional outcomes of surgical management of OCD lesions of the patella and trochlea in children. Secondary aims include elucidating predictors for higher functional outcomes, determining complication rates, surgical satisfaction and ability to return to sports.

Methods:

Patients age ≤ 18 years who were surgically treated for OCD of the patellar or trochlea were identified. Charts were queried to record patient/lesion data, surgical procedure, results and complications. Pre- and postoperative imaging was reviewed. Patients were asked to complete a follow-up athletic questionnaire and a Pediatric International Knee Documentation Committee (Pedi-IKDC) score. Statistical analysis was conducted to look for predictors for reoperation, residual pain, ability to return to sports and lower Pedi-IKDC scores.

Results:

Twenty-six children (9 female, 17 male, 3 bilateral) were identified. Mean age was 14.7 (range: 9-18), 21/29 (72%) had open physes, and median follow-up was 3.8 years (range: 1-9 years). The most common location was the trochlea (17/29, 59%). Twenty-two lesions (76%) underwent transarticular drilling (n=14) or drilling with fixation (8), while 7 underwent excision and marrow stimulation. Four patients (14%) required unplanned re-operation. Internal fixation was predictive of reoperation (OR= 8.7, 95% CI= 2.8-26.9, P=0.04). At final follow up, 14 knees (48%) were pain-free, 14 (48%) had mild residual pain. Female gender was predictive of residual pain (OR= 9, 95% CI= 2-56, P=0.02). Twenty-two patients (85%) returned to sports. Longer duration of preoperative pain negatively impacted return to sports (OR= 0.32, 95% CI= 0.05-0.97, P=0.04). On postoperative imaging, the lesion appeared completely healed in 5 cases (42%) and partially healed in 12 cases (58%). All 15 survey respondents were satisfied with surgery. The mean Pedi-IKDC score was 82.4 ± 17.8 (range: 40.2 -100).

Conclusion:

Surgical treatment of patellofemoral OCD in children produces a high rate of satisfaction and return to sports. Female gender, prolonged duration of symptoms and internal fixation may be associated with worse outcomes.
Effect of Biceps Tenodesis Using PEEK Screw on the Torsional Strength of Humerus
Authors: Mellano Chris , Shin Jason J. , Mascarenhas Randhir , Shewman Elizabeth , Wang Vincent , Romeo Anthony A. , Verma Nikhil N. , Forsythe Brian
Published: March 2015

Objectives:

Biceps tendoesis is a commonly accepted surgical option for long head biceps related pathology. Sub-pectoral tenodesis with interference screw offers reproducible outcomes with high biomechanical strength allowing for accelerated rehabilitiation. However, there is concern regarding potential fracture risk associate with a diaphyseal humeral tunnel particularly in an athletic population. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of torsional strength reduction in the humerus resulting from an unicortically drilled hole, and to evaluate the effect of inserting a tenodesis screw into the drilled defect. We hypothesized that unicortical drilling would weaken the humerus and that the use of tenodesis screws would restore strength to the humerus.

Methods:

Twenty (10 matched pairs) of fresh frozen full length humeri (mean age 55.3 years, range 37-70 years) were used to perform this study. All humeral specimens were stripped of all soft tissue, except for the pectoralis major tendon, which was used to determine location of the tenodesis. Specimens were allocated to either Screw (n=5) or Empty Ream Group (n=5) and the matching contralateral pairs remained intact. In the Empty Ream specimens, an 8 mm unicortical hole was placed into the bicipital groove 1 cm proximal to the inferior border of the pectoralis major tendon. The humeri in the Screw Group were prepared in the same manner and filled with a 8mm x 12 mm polyetheretherketone (PEEK) screw. All specimens were tested until failure under torsional loading at a rate of 1 degree/second. Peak torque, angular deformation at peak, and total energy to failure were recorded. A paired t-test was used to compare data from left and right humeri for each of the two groups. Data were also evaluated as the ratio of the intervention humerus to its contralateral intact humerus in order to compare Tenodesis Screw and Empty Ream groups via a 2-tailed, unpaired t-test. Statistical significance was assumed for P <0.05.

Results:

When compared with intact group, both Screw and Empty Ream groups showed a significant reduction in peak torque, energy and angular displacement (P < 0.05). No statistical differences were noted between Screw and Empty Ream group for all measured values (Table 1).

Conclusion:

Drilling an 8mm unicortical hole for subpectoral biceps tenodesis reduces the torsional load to failure of the proximal humerus at time zero. Placing a PEEK tenodesis screw alone does not appear to increase the strength of the humerus.
Paracetamol therapy and outcome of critically ill patients: a multicenter retrospective observational study
Authors: Suzuki Satoshi , Eastwood Glenn M , Bailey Michael , Gattas David , Kruger Peter , Saxena Manoj , Santamaria John D , Bellomo Rinaldo
Published: March 2015

Introduction

In this study, we aimed to examine the association between paracetamol administration in the intensive care unit (ICU) and mortality in critically ill patients.

Methods

We conducted a multicenter retrospective observational study in four ICUs. We obtained information on paracetamol use, body temperature, demographic, clinical and outcome data from each hospital’s clinical information system and admissions and discharges database. We performed statistical analysis to assess the association between paracetamol administration and hospital mortality.

Results

We studied 15,818 patients with 691,348 temperature measurements at 4 ICUs. Of these patients, 10,046 (64%) received at least 1 g of paracetamol. Patients who received paracetamol had lower in-hospital mortality (10% vs. 20%, P <0.001), and survivors were more likely to have received paracetamol (66% vs. 46%; P <0.001). However, patients treated with paracetamol were also more likely to be admitted to the ICU after surgery (70% vs. 51%; P <0.001) and/or after elective surgery (55% vs. 37%; P <0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis including a propensity score for paracetamol treatment, we found a significant and independent association between the use of paracetamol and reduced in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio =0.60 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.53 to 0.68), P <0.001). Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that patients who received paracetamol also had a significantly longer time to death (adjusted hazard ratio =0.51 (95% CI, 0.46 to 0.56), P <0.001). The association between paracetamol and decreased mortality and/or time to death was broadly consistent across surgical and medical patients. It remained present after adjusting for paracetamol administration as a time-dependent variable. However, when such time-dependent analysis was performed, the association of paracetamol with outcome lost statistical significance in the presence of fever and suspected infection and in patients in the lower tertiles of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores.

Conclusions

Paracetamol administration is common in the ICU and appears to be independently associated with reduced in-hospital mortality and time to death after adjustment for multiple potential confounders and propensity score. This association, however, was modified by the presence of fever, suspected infection and lesser illness severity and may represent the effect of indication bias.
Pressure ulcers: how much do nursing students really know?
Authors: Rafiei Hossein , Mehralian Hossein , Abdar Mohammad E. , Madadkar Tayebeh
Published: March 2015

Aim:

Taking care of patients with pressure ulcers requires a high level of knowledge. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of nursing students' knowledge of pressure ulcer prevention, classification and management.

Methods:

The study was conducted in two nursing colleges (Razi Nursing and Midwifery College and Shahrekord Nursing and Midwifery College) in Iran. All final-year bachelors nursing students in both colleges were invited to participate in the study. Data were collected using Pieper's Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Test (PPUKT).

Results:

Participants answered correctly 67% of all 41 items in three sections (prevention, classification and evaluation). The students' rate of correct answers in the pressure ulcer evaluation category was significantly higher than the correct answers in the other two categories.

Conclusion:

The study revealed that nursing students had insufficient knowledge of pressure ulcers. It was concluded that courses aimed at raising students' knowledge of pressure ulcers are needed in nurse education.
Pressure-ulcer reduction using low-friction fabric bootees
Authors: Gleeson Deborah
Published: March 2015

At St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, implementation of pressure management measures has reduced the incidence of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers. There is now a focus on those pressure ulcers still occurring despite these measures, particularly grade 2 ulcers on the heel, which are often attributed to friction and shear. During 2012 and 2013 low friction fabric bootees (Parafricta®) were used on at-risk patients (where possible) to attempt to address this issue. The bootees were first introduced in 2012. There was a decline in heel ulcers of 78% in the 2 years, which accounted for a sizeable portion of the overall decline in all grade 2 pressure ulcers. There was also a substantial change in the ratio of heel to all other grade 2 pressure ulcers, which fell from 0.67 to 0.24. On the basis of heel pressure ulcers avoided, there is an implied net saving to the NHS. The trust concluded that routine use of low-friction fabric bootees made a significant further contribution towards achieving zero harm targets and had done so while providing substantial cost benefits.
Moving and handling techniques in the dental chair
Authors: Kemp Kerry , Webb Steve , Jevon Phil
Published: March 2015

In the second article relating to moving and handling in the dental practice, the authors discuss the moving and handling techniques when dealing with emergency situations occurring in the dental chair
Inductions, appraisals and personal development plans
Authors: Russell Jo
Published: March 2015

Inductions, appraisals and personal development plans should all be implemented in dental practices. This article discusses each of these processes, and explains why they should be carried out
Can you identify faults in a high-speed handpiece?
Authors: McKernon Sarah
Published: March 2015

Holliday R, Venugopal S, Howell A, Keys W (2015) Operator's ability at assessing a high-speed (air turbine) handpiece before use: an audit. Br Dent J 218: doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2015.40
Deathbed phenomena reported by patients in palliative care: clinical opportunities and responses
Authors: Devery Kim , Rawlings Deb , Tieman Jennifer , Damarell Raechel
Published: March 2015

Background:

Reports from patients on seeing or hearing a dead relative or dreaming a highly significant dream at the end of life can be perplexing for health professionals who may wonder how best to respond.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on deathbed phenomena (DBP), and provide suggestions for a clinical response to dying patients’ recounts of these hard-to-explain phenomena.

Methods:

The authors searched for relevant studies which reported on DBP within a palliative care context. Eligibility criteria were established, a review process was employed and a narrative synthesis approach was used to interpret the data.

Results:

In total, eight papers met the inclusion criteria. Reported prevalence of DBP ranged from 24–51% with common themes described. Distinguishing between DBP and hallucinations was discussed, requiring very different clinical responses. Phenomena were timed most often in the last hours or days before death. Experiencing a DBP was, in most cases, deeply meaningful, bringing comfort, peace and reassurance. Health professionals were not surprised to hear of a DBP, but were not always well prepared to respond appropriately.

Conclusions:

Rather than simply dismissing DBP as medication related or the physiological effects of dying, the significance of these events and the comfort afforded by them to patients and carers should be recognised. Disclosure of DBP may enable health professionals to discuss more spiritual and existential concerns, which have the potential to offer hope, meaning and connection. We propose strategies and approaches for strengthening compassionate clinical practice in this area.
The unmet palliative care needs of those dying with dementia
Authors: Dempsey Laura , Dowling Maura , Larkin Philip , Murphy Kathy
Published: March 2015

An estimated 33.9 million people are living with dementia worldwide. The overall estimated median survival time from onset of dementia to death is 4.1 years for men and 4.6 years for women, with longer survival times in those with early-onset dementia. Much has been discussed about the needs of this vulnerable group of people particularly in terms of their health-care and end-of-life care (EoLC) needs. However, the literature suggests that people with end-stage dementia are still not receiving adequate or appropriate EoLC. Difficulty diagnosing dementia, a stigma surrounding the disease, lack of education of the dementia disease process and the ability to identify complications encountered at end-stage dementia by health-care providers, families and carers are some of the factors preventing those with dementia receiving effective EoLC. Great strides have been made to improve dementia palliative care; however, this cohort of patients still receive fewer referrals to appropriate palliative care services than other terminally ill patients.
Research Roundup
Authors: Downing Julia
Published: March 2015

Synopses of a selection of recently published research articles of relevance to palliative care.
Politics and palliative care: The Bahamas
Authors: Smyth Dion
Published: March 2015

Dion Smyth's review of the internet for palliative nursing
Population Health Measurement: Applying Performance Measurement Concepts in
Population Health Settings
Authors: Stoto Michael
Published: March 2015

Introduction: Whether the focus of population-health improvement efforts, the
measurement of health outcomes, risk factors, and interventions to improve them are
central to achieving collective impact in the population health perspective. And because
of the importance of a shared measurement system, appropriate measures can help to
ensure the accountability of and ultimately integrate the efforts of public health, the
health care delivery sector, and other public and private entities in the community to
improve population health. Yet despite its importance, population health measurement
efforts in the United States are poorly developed and uncoordinated.Collaborative
Measurement Development: To achieve the potential of the population health perspective,
public health officials, health system leaders, and others must work together to develop
sets of population health measures that are suitable for different purposes yet are
harmonized so that together they can help to improve a community’s health. This begins
with clearly defining the purpose of a set of measures, distinguishing between outcomes
for which all share responsibility and actions to improve health for which the health
care sector, public health agencies, and others should be held accountable.Framework for
Population Health Measurement: Depending on the purpose of the analysis, then,
measurement systems should clearly specify what to measure—in particular the population
served (the denominator), what the critical health dimensions are in a measurement
framework, and how the measures can be used to ensure accountability. Building on a
clear understanding of the purpose and dimensions of population health that must be
measured, developers can then choose specific measures using existing data or developing
new data sources if necessary, with established validity, reliability, and other
scientific characteristics. Rather than indiscriminately choosing among the
proliferating data streams, this systematic approach to measure development can yield
measurement systems that are more appropriate and useful for improving population
health.
Future Psychoanalysts and Memories of the Second World War
Authors: Coleman M. Donald , Kaplan Eugene H. , Nadelman Maurice S. , Schlossman Howard H.
Published: March 2015

On Veterans Day, November 11, 1995, the year marking the fiftieth anniversary of the end of the Second World War, the New York Psychoanalytic Society and Institute organized the presentation of soldiers’ experiences from that war. The article is a transcription of the memoirs that the analysts delivered on that occasion. The presenters were NYPSI members M. Donald Coleman, Eugene H. Kaplan, Maurice S. Nadelman, and Howard M. Schlossman. During the war, Dr. Coleman was stationed with the 9 th Army Field Hospital. Drs. Kaplan and Nadelman served in combat with the 87 th Infantry Division. Dr. Schlossman was a Battalion surgeon in the 6 th Armored Division; like Drs. Kaplan and Nadelman, he served in General George S. Patton’s Third Army. All four presenters trained in psychoanalysis at NYPSI after the war.
Anti-Colonialism and the Contested Politics of Comparison: Rabindranath Tagore, Rash Behari Bose and Japanese colonialism in Korea in the inter-war period
Authors: Mizutani Satoshi
Published: March 2015

This paper examines the implications of Indian nationalism during the inter-war period for both Japanese rule in Korea and the anti-colonial struggle against it. It discusses how two Bengalis, famous for their Anglophobia—the poet Rabindranath Tagore and the revolutionary Rash Behari Bose—saw Japanese colonialism in Korea and how their contrasting views differentially influenced thoughts about colonialism in the Japanese empire, among both Japanese and Koreans. The paper shows how the views and influence of these two Indians can usefully be examined in terms of what Ann Laura Stoler has called the “politics of comparison.”
Global History, Imperial History and Connected Histories of Empire
Authors: Potter Simon J. , Saha Jonathan
Published: March 2015

The turn towards Global history shows no sign of abating. It seems that across the discipline, historians are becoming increasingly interested in understanding the past on a planetary scale. Prominent Imperial historians, in particular, have been among the most fervent advocates of Global history. So close are the concerns of some Imperial history—particularly British Imperial history—to those of Global history, that it is getting harder to disentangle the two. Despite this we argue that, whilst both fields are overlapping and heterogeneous, historians should reflect more explicitly on the methodological differences that exist between them. In the process we point out some lessons that Global historians might learn from Imperial historians, and viceversa. We argue for “connected histories of empire” that seek to uncover links that operated across the formal borders of imperial formations and that deploy novel spatial frameworks. Such an approach would draw on the diverse methodologies developed by Imperial and Global historians who seek to write both “comparative” and “connected” histories. We point the way towards histories that are more than imperial, but less than global.
French Algeria in British Imperial Thought, 1830–70
Authors: Middleton Alex
Published: March 2015

This article explores the role played by French Algeria in British imperial thinking during the middle decades of the nineteenth century. It argues that British commentators developed a remarkably stable vision of contemporary French colonial enterprise as unprogressive, incapable, authoritarian and militaristic, as well as harmful to French domestic politics. The explanations they offered for the miscarriage of France’s colonial project in Algeria cast light on mid-nineteenth-century British imperial thinking, throwing into relief the qualities and policies which were believed to make modern British imperial rule uniquely successful. The article contends that analysis of other European countries’ colonial projects contributed importantly to a domestic political culture which defined itself in significant part through contrasts with the Continent.
The Construction of Migrant Work and Workers by Alberta Legislators, 2000-2011
Authors: Foster Jason , Barnetson Bob
Published: March 2015

This paper uses narrative analysis to explore how Alberta government Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) “constructed” migrant work and migrant workers in legislature and media statements between 2000 and 2011. Government MLAs asserted that migrant work (1) was economically necessary and (2) posed no threat to Canadian workers. Government MLAs also asserted that international migrant workers (3) had questionable occupational, linguistic or cultural skills and (4) caused negative social and economic impacts in Canada. Taken individually, these narratives appear contradictory, casting migrant work as good but migrant workers as bad. Viewed together, these narratives comprise an effort to dehumanize temporary and permanent international migrant workers. This (sometimes racialized) “othering” of migrant workers justifies migrant workers’ partial citizenship and suppresses criticism of their poor treatment. Cet article utilise l’analyse narrative pour explorer comment les membres du gouvernement de l’Assemblée législative de l’Alberta (députés) ont « construit » le travail des migrants et des travailleurs migrants avec leur déclarations dans la législature et les médias entre 2000 et 2011. Les députés du gouvernement ont affirmé que le travail migrant (1) était nécessaire économiquement et (2) ne représentait aucune menace pour les travailleurs canadiens. Les députés du gouvernement ont également affirmé que les travailleurs migrants internationaux (3) avaient des compétences professionnelles, linguistiques ou culturelles douteuse et (4) avaient des impacts négatifs sociaux et économiques au Canada. Pris individuellement, ces récits semblent contradictoires, décrivant le travail migrant comme bon, mais les travailleurs migrants comme mauvais. Prises ensemble, ces récits constituent un effort pour déshumaniser les travailleurs migrants internationaux temporaires et permanents. Cette « altérisation » (parfois racialisé) des travailleurs migrants justifie la citoyenneté partielle des travailleurs migrants et supprime la critique de leur mauvais traitement.
El antropónimo precedido de artículo en la historia del español
Authors: Campos Miguel Calderón
Published: March 2015

Los coloquialismos el Juan y la Francisca entroncan con la estructura culta latina ejemplificada en ille Achiles ‘el famoso Aquiles’. En el presente trabajo, se analizan cuantitativa y cualitativamente los ejemplos de artículo seguido de nombre propio de persona en el Corpus diacrónico del español (CORDE). Se tiene en cuenta la correlación entre el tipo textual y los valores pragmáticos y discursivos de la estructura. De acuerdo con el corpus académico, que se complementa con documentos archivísticos inéditos, se constata un uso distinto de la construcción dependiendo del género discursivo en que aparece. En la prosa histórica y en las declaraciones de testigos, el artículo ante nombre propio tiene valor anafórico, equivalente a ‘el dicho’; en textos humanísticos de carácter didáctico o moralizador, se emplea para aludir a personajes famosos de la antigüedad clásica; por último, en textos literarios que imitan la lengua hablada, se refleja el uso coloquial de la estructura, con diferentes matices de cercanía y valoración subjetiva. Desde el punto de vista metodológico, se evidencian las debilidades del CORDE, toda vez que en él están infrarrepresentados algunos tipos textuales clave para la historia de este grupo nominal.
Trying to Reach More Children: Videoconferencing in the Spanish Foreign Language Elementary School Classroom
Authors: Thompson Gregory L. , Nutta Joyce
Published: March 2015

Given the need to expand the offering of language classes to all elementary students, elementary schools have looked for innovative ways to teach young learners one or more languages while mitigating the costs. This study analyzed a Foreign Language in the Elementary Schools (FLES) program in an inner-city elementary school in the Southeastern United States that was designed to help underserved students experience the benefits of early language learning. This article describes a yearlong case study of a fifth-grade class participating in the technology-enhanced Spanish instructional program, comparing student and teacher language behavior in each context. The FLES program offered daily Spanish instruction through videoconferencing, videotaped lessons, and an on-site teacher. Although student language production and student-to-student interaction were minimal in all three contexts, student interviews showed other benefits of early Spanish study, including enthusiasm for learning other languages and experiencing other cultures, a feeling of success in second language study, and increased awareness and knowledge about and appreciation of the Spanish-speaking world. This article concludes by offering suggestions for further research and the development of FLES programs, especially in areas where it is difficult to have a full-time language teacher.
Sor Juana ante la paradoja de un sueño
Authors: Cortés-Vélez Dinorah
Published: March 2015

Primero sueño de Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz retrata el viaje de un alma en su afán por acceder al conocimiento universal, primero, de manera intuitiva y luego, discursivamente. Como el vértigo es lo que aguarda al alma ante ambos intentos, el poema ha sido tradicionalmente leído como itinerario de un fracaso. Sin embargo, la paradoja del sueño de conocimiento universal que vertebra la búsqueda de conocimiento ilimitado por un intelecto humano, y por tanto, limitado, se resuelve en una afirmación del libre albedrío que elude la negatividad de la derrota.
Adult Second Language Learning of Spanish Vowels
Authors: Cobb Katherine , Simonet Miquel
Published: March 2015

The present study reports on the findings of a cross-sectional acoustic study of the production of Spanish vowels by three different groups of speakers: 1) native Spanish speakers; 2) native English intermediate learners of Spanish; and 3) native English advanced learners of Spanish. In particular, we examined the production of the five Spanish phonemic monophthongs (/i e a o u/) in two prosodic positions: stressed and unstressed. Since Spanish and English vary in the nature of the difference between stressed and unstressed vowels, a logical question is: How does the relationship between stressed and unstressed vowels differ across the three groups of participants? Do the learners transfer English patterns to their Spanish? The findings are discussed in terms of their significance for current models of second language speech learning and provide important information regarding the paths of pronunciation development in the second language acquisition of Spanish.
Comparing Interaction and Use of Space in Traditional and Innovative Classrooms
Authors: Gurzynski-Weiss Laura , Long Avizia Y. , Solon Megan
Published: March 2015

Despite myriad changes to language teaching methods over time, university-level classroom spaces have largely remained the same—until now. Recent innovations in classroom space design center on technological advances, include movable furniture and coffee-shop style rooms, and are believed to facilitate language learning in several ways. Specifically, compared to traditional classrooms, innovative spaces are designed in the hope of decreasing pre-task set up, increasing student-centered interaction, and facilitating collaborative work with multiple partners—features believed to be important for classroom learning. However, whether or not such features are present in these innovative spaces, or more so than in traditional classrooms, has yet to be tested empirically. This study set out to compare student interaction and the use of space in traditional and innovative classrooms, examining the presence of the aforementioned features. Data collected from university Spanish language and linguistic courses demonstrate that while some differences in use of space and interaction were observed when lessons in traditional and innovative classrooms were compared, notable differences were only present when the instructor was teaching all sections of a course in an innovative classroom and had adapted his/her lesson plans accordingly. Implications for language teaching, instructed language acquisition, and classroom space design are discussed.
Embarrassment in 1968: Gore Vidal’s Sexuality in the Public Sphere
Authors: Davidson Guy
Published: March 2015

In 1968 William F. Buckley, Jr. called Gore Vidal a “queer” on TV, an event that was widely construed as socially embarrassing. This essay investigates the political implications of embarrassment, both in relation to attitudes toward homosexuality in 1968 and in relation to contemporary queer theory.
Queering Breast Cancer’s Affective Narratives: The Summer of Her Baldness and The L Word
Authors: Nielsen Emilia
Published: March 2015

Affective politics is negotiated throughout breast cancer diagnosis and treatment and has the potential to be performed and narrated queerly. Deploying S. Lochlann Jain’s conception of “elegiac politics,” this essay explores the queer affective terrain of breast cancer via Catherine Lord’s The Summer of Her Baldness and the television drama The L Word .
Animal Companions in Sylvia Townsend Warner’s More-than-Marxist World
Authors: Pollock Mary Sanders
Published: March 2015

Representations of animals in Warner’s work anticipate twenty-first-century materialist feminism. In addressing animal exploitation and cross-species collaboration, Warner revises Marxist formulations of socioeconomic structures that include both human and more-than-human life. For her, animal agency parallels strategies of colonized peoples, as it must be exerted within alien domains.
Hope Against Hope: Queer Negativity, Black Feminist Theorizing, and Reproduction without Futurity
Authors: Bliss James
Published: March 2015

The Black subject in Lee Edelman’s queer negativity is explored here as both absent from and productive of its most radical critiques of futurity. The essay attempts to read a different queer negativity within the tradition of Black feminist theorizing.
Feeling So Unusual: Cyndi Lauper and Queer Affect
Authors: Salvato Nick
Published: March 2015

Investigating the work of pop star Cyndi Lauper prompts new reckonings with such concepts as intensity, ecology, and mood, foundational to affect theory. This essay traces the queer force of Lauper’s music—and its relevance to renovating affect theory—through three central movements: feeling intense, feeling inside/out, and feeling brightness, darkly.
Plenas manifestações do risco de incêndio florestal em serras do centro de Portugal. Efeitos erosivos subsequentes e reabilitações pontuais
Authors: Lourenço Luciano
Published: March 2015

As serras do centro de Portugal têm sido frequentemente fustigadas por violentos incêndios florestais, razão porque tomámos como referência a do Açor, por esta apresentar uma das mais elevadas taxa de reincidência de incêndios florestais em Portugal.De entre os vários incêndios que a têm assolado, na vertente Norte destacam-se, pela sua gravidade e pela dimensão da área afectada, os registados entre 13 e 20 de Setembro de 1987 e entre 19 e 24 de Julho de 2005, ambos com área ardida superior a 10000 hectares.Por coincidência, uma parte da área queimada foi comum a ambos e, além disso, também nos dois casos, se verificaram episódios pluviosos de grande intensidade no ano imediatamente subsequente ao do incêndio florestal.Assim, posteriormente às plenas manifestação do risco de incêndio, também vieram a ocorrer plenas manifestações do risco de erosão hídrica, umas e outras com graves consequências em termos de destruição de bens e, até, com perda de uma vida humana.Este trabalho embora identifique algumas das áreas que foram afectadas, mais do que dar conta da destruição provocada pelos incêndios, ou das plenas manifestações dos riscos hidrogeomorfológicos que eles desencadearam, pretende valorizar a importância das reabilitações que foram ou deveriam ter sido levadas a efeito nas áreas afectadas
Riscos de fumos de incêndio. Actualidade e controvérsias nas intoxicações
Authors: Bandeira Romero , Ponce Leão Rui , Gandra Sara , Reis Ana Mafalda , Gandra Romero
Published: March 2015

As vítimas de um incêndio manifestam comummente lesões por inalação de fumos, sendo esta a causa mais frequente de morte, quer em pacientes que apresentam queimaduras, quer na ausência das mesmas.A inalação de fumos pode ocasionar lesão epitelial directa na mucosa respiratória com perda dos cílios epiteliais brônquicos e diminuição do factor tensioactivo alveolar. Produzem-se microatelectasias e por vezes atelectasias que se complicam por edema mucoso, assim como, obstrução mecânica pelo tecido descamado e respectivas secreções, originando cumulativamente uma insuficiência respiratória aguda multifactorial (AINA, 2008).As principais controvérsias têm-se centrado no tratamento das intoxicações por CO e HCN que, como se comprovou nas últimas décadas, se encontram combinados na maior parte dos incêndios com materiais combustíveis sintéticos (DUFOL, 2008).Abordaremos as intoxicações por CO e HCN, que pela sua maior frequência e morbi-mortalidade consideramos serem mais relevantes.
Os riscos em protecção civil. Importância da análise e gestão de riscos para a prevenção, o socorro e… a reabilitação
Authors: Leal Martins J. A. , Lourenço Luciano
Published: March 2015

Numa época em que os desastres ou catástrofes estão a acontecer cada vez mais, o debate e a acção nunca se apresentaram como tão necessários na esfera da Protecção Civil. Assim, neste artigo expõem-se algumas ideias básicas da Análise de Risco e referem-se algumas questões nucleares, ainda em aberto. Assinala-se o facto de tão pouco se recorrer à Análise no Planeamento de Emergência e mostram-se as vantagens que o seu uso generalizado poderia trazer ao Sistema de Protecção Civil.
Las condiciones de calor intenso (CCI) como indicador de extremos bioclimaticos en la Habana, Cuba
Authors: Guevara A. V. , Santana M. , León A. , Paz L. R. , Campos A.
Published: March 2015

En el trabajo se caracterizan las condiciones extremas por excesivo calor en La Habana (Cuba) y su variabilidade intraestacional, estacional e interanual. Para ello, se determinan las condiciones de calor intenso (CCI), nuevo indicador bioclimático generado a partir de las sensaciones térmicas de las personas en horarios contrastantes (07:00 y 13:00 h - 75º W), según los valores de los índices de temperatura efectiva y temperatura efectiva equivalente. Los cálculos se efectuaron para el período 1975-2004, con datos de las estaciones meteorológicas de Casablanca y Santiago de las Vegas; y para diferentes puntos dentro de la ciudad con información climatológica proveniente de mediciones y observaciones microclimáticas. Los resultados indican que las CCI ilustran coherentemente tanto las condiciones medias como la variabilidad climática de los extremos por calor, al compararse con otros indicadores bioclimáticos. Se establece una diferenciación entre la zona costera, con mayor cantidad de días con CCI, y el interior del territorio, donde es menor. Se reportan tendencias crecientes de alta significación estadística en el número de días anuales con esta condición; puntos de cambio significativos en las series entre los años 1980 y 1994; y el alargamiento de la temporada donde ellas se manifiestan, a cuenta de un final más avanzado en el año, más notables en Santiago de las Vegas. En presencia de CCI en la estación de Casablanca, importantes variaciones pueden producirse dentro de la ciudad, donde influyen la distancia al mar, el efecto del viento y la compactación de las edificaciones. El enfoque y la metodología empleados pueden aplicarse a otras unidades naturales o político-administrativas, en condiciones climáticas similares.
A perigosidade natural da temperatura do ar em Portugal continental: a avaliação do risco na mortalidade
Authors: Marques Jorge , Antunes Sílvia
Published: March 2015

Neste estudo foram identificadas relações significativas entre a temperatura e a mortalidade (1941-2005) para diversas escalas temporais (ano, estações do ano e meses). As correlações detectadas como significativas são positivas no Verão e negativas no Inverno. Os meses destas estações do ano são os que influenciam de forma significativa o número de óbitos em Portugal Continental.
Risco de inundação na cidade de Amarante (norte de Portugal): contributo metodológico para o seu estudo
Authors: Silva Costa Francisco
Published: March 2015

A partir do estudo das principais cheias no rio Tâmega (bacia do Douro), pela sua passagem na cidade de Amarante, pretende dar-se um contributo sobre alguns aspectos metodológicos a considerar no cumprimento da Directiva 2007/60/CE do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, de 23 de Outubro de 2007, que tem, por objectivo, “reduzir o risco e as consequências negativas das inundações na União Europeia”.
Strain-tuning of Dirac states at the SnTe (001) surface
Authors: Drüppel Matthias , Krüger Peter , Rohlfing Michael
Published: March 2015

The topological crystalline insulator SnTe belongs to the recently discovered class of materials in
which a crystalline symmetry ensures the existence of topologically protected Dirac like surface
states. In contrast to topological insulators, this symmetry can be broken via deformations of the
crystal. This opens up new possibilities of manipulating the Dirac states and inducing a
controllable gap. Here, we have employed density-functional theory to investigate the response of
the Dirac states to lattice deformations [1].

The (001) surface exhibits four Dirac cones which lie at non-time-reversal-invariant points close to
X, along the projection of the (110) and (110) mirror planes. Our
calculations show that a gap of up to approx 30 meV can be introduced via lattice deformations
that break at least one of these mirror symmetries. Remarkably, distortions at the surface
only can already open up the gap, even though bulk properties are not changed.

The gap is formed at either all four or just two
cones, depending on the direction of the displacement vector, making it possible to create a state
where gaped and non-gaped Dirac cones coexist. Notably, if the whole slab is distorted, bulk bands
are being pushed into the gap making the whole system metallic.

[1] M. Drppel et al, Phys. Rev. B 90, 155312 (2014)
Prevalence of developmental anomalies of teeth in a group of North Karnataka population, India
Authors: Javali Rajeshwari , Meti Mangala
Published: March 2015

Aims and objective: To assess the prevalence of the developmental dental anomalies like disturbances in size, shape, structure, eruption pattern and number in a group of North Karnataka population and to assess the dental anomalies in patients with head and neck syndrome.Method: A cross-sectional prospective survey was carried out at P.M.N.M Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, North Karnataka, India during the academic year, November 2011 to August 2013 to study the prevalence of various developmental dental anomalies of teeth in a population of 3000 patients aged between 10 to 30 years in both genders. Patients were screened clinically for the presence of dental anomalies with appropriate radiographs and dental casts.Result: Of 3000 patients screened, 477 had developmental dental anomalies. Out of these, 254 were males and 223 were females. The most commonly found anomalies were impacted teeth, hypodontia, dental fluorosis, overretained, supernumerary teeth, talonâ€™s cusp with the least being dentinogenesis imperfecta (none).Conclusion: The significance of conducting such a study is, that if the dental anomalies are detected earlier, the consequences (like early pulp involvement in dens-in-dente, malocclusion) can be intervened and treated accordingly. This study hence provides an useful data regarding the prevalence of the most and the least common anomalies in North Karnataka region of India.
Evaluation of a community health worker training program in rural Appalachia, USA
Authors: Miller Wayne C.
Published: March 2015

Background: Limited support for healthcare services is one reason rural Appalachia is among the unhealthiest regions in the United States.Objective: Evaluate Level 1 of a multi-level community health worker (CHW) training program designed to train CHWs easily so they can affect community health.Methods: 198 CHWs evaluated their training curriculum. CHW activities were tracked for 19 months. Group data were analyzed with t-tests and ANOVA using mean Â± SEM comparisons. Correlation coefficients and rank sum difference analyses were used to evaluate ranked variables. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.Results: Excellent or good rankings were given by 100% of CHWs for their instructorâ€™s knowledge, 100% being treated fairly, 99% overall class rating, 97% fairness of exam, 96% course objectives met, and 92% course manual. CHW test performance did not affect any variable. CHWs were only asked one question every two months they could not answer. CHWs talked to four new people each month, two people a month for multiple visits, and three people a month for follow-up visits.Conclusions: No need to change the CHW curriculum, training materials, or testing procedures. A 15-hour CHW training program is adequate enough to provide valid healthcare service support in rural Appalachia, USA.