bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kategoriernes kamp - Debatten om en verdenslitteratur på fransk
Authors: Verstraete Hansen Lisbeth
Published: October 2016

Lisbeth Verstraete Hansen: “The Battle of Categories. The Debate about a World Literature in French”This article questions the literary vision expressed in the manifesto Pour une littérature-monde en français. The article examines the binary oppositions constructed by the signatories in order to position themselves in the literary field (francophone literatures vs literature-monde en français, literary formalism vs real world /mobility), then shows that the attempt to define an aesthetic ideal common to all writers is vain. Finally, an analysis of Alain Mabanckou’s novel Verre Cassé (2005) demonstrates how this writer could be said to have textually realized his personal vision of a literature-monde en français considered as a plurality of experiences. The article concludes that the manifesto’s influence is more visible in academic debate about categorizations in literary history than in literary works.
Et forbund af celler. Om krop, køn og identitet i ung dansk poesi
Authors: Mønster Louise
Published: October 2016

Juul, Moestrup og Olsen danner ligeledes optakt i Louise Mønsters “Et forbund af celler. Om krop, køn og identitet i ung dansk poesi”. I denne artikel diskuteres det, hvordan den nyeste poesi med navne som Olga Ravn, Christina Hagen, Amalie Smith og Asta Olivia Nordenhof er optaget af krop, køn og identitet, og det vises, at forfatternes utraditionelle tilgange til disse emner går hånd i hånd med en radikal eksperimenteren med poesiens udtryksformer og grænser.Louise Mønster: “A Union of Cells. Body, Gender, and Identity in Young Danish Poetry”In contemporary Danish poetry body, gender and identity have become key issues. This article discusses the way Danish authors such as Ursula Andkjær Olsen, Mette Moestrup, Olga Ravn, Christina Hagen, Amalie Smith, and Asta Olivia Nordenhofdeal with these themes, and argues that there is a strong tendency in new Danish poetry to break off from tradition. This is obvious, not only when the significance of body and materiality is stressed instead of the soul, and the concepts of male and female are transformed into more fluid categories. There is also a remarkabletendency to decompose genres, and so the article points out that the thematic focus on body, gender and identity seems to go along with a radical experimentation with poetic expressions and limits.
Pengene og livet. Udvekslinger i og mellem Goethes "Wilhelm Meister" og Simmels pengefilosofi
Authors: Eriksson Birgit
Published: October 2016

Birgit Eriksson: “Money and Life. Exchanges in and between Goethe’s Wilhelm Meister and Simmel’s philosophy of money”The article studies the meaning of money in Goethe’s Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship Years (1795-96) and Georg Simmel’s Philosophy of Money (1807). It examines how Simmel’s philosophical and sociological work can contribute to a new understanding of the theme of money in Goethe’s novel, especially regarding the relationship between money, modernity and life. It further argues for some strong affinities between Simmel’s philosophy of money and Goethe’s Bildungsroman.
📚 og 📞 - En 😍 📖
Authors: Hansen Lone Koefoed
Published: October 2016

Lone Koefoed Hansen: “📚 and 📞: A 😍 📖”Reflecting on the intersections of literature and the smartphone language emoji, the essay discusses a range of contemporary examples of emoji literature as well as recent appropriations or translations of literature to emoji, often happening in spontaneous and short waves on social media.
‘Lettres de fuite’. Skrift og brud i À la recherche du temps perdu
Authors: Watt Adam
Published: October 2016

Adam Watt: “‘Lettres de fuite’: Writing and Rupture in In Search of Lost of Time”In Marcel Proust’s novel, In Search of Lost Time, the writing and sending of letters, their anticipation and receipt, are activities fuelled by desirous energies and fraught with anxiety and uncertainty. In this paper I consider a number of scenes in which the writing and sending of letters is prompted by the break-up or threatened rupture of an amorous relationship. The sending of missives is an activity bound up with attitudes to communication, otherness, and to futurity. These issues, the emotions they provoke and the epistemological schemes the protagonist develops to deal with them are at the heart of my paper. I compare how letters of rupture figure in the Narrator’s early relationship with Gilberte and in his later relations with Albertine. Exploring the nexus of concerns associated with writing and rupture in Proust’s novel provides an intriguing angle from which to review the Narrator’s relation to temporality and the ways in which Proust figures thought and emotion in the text of the novel.
Svømmeren
Authors: Mortensen Henning
Published: October 2016

Henning Mortensen: Svømmeren
Romanens blik
Authors: Tygstrup Frederik
Published: October 2016

Frederik Tygstrup: Romanens blik
Arven fra Henry James
Authors: Porsdam Helle
Published: October 2016

Helle Porsdam: Arven fra Henry James
Realisme som negation
Authors: Printz-Påhlson Göran
Published: October 2016

Göran Printz-Påhlson: Realisme som negation
Hvad spejlene spejlede - spekulationer over tre reflekser i historiske rum
Authors: Søndergaard Peter Brix
Published: October 2016

Peter Brix Søndergaard: Hvad spejlene spejlede - spekulationer over tre reflekser i historiske rum
Barriers and facilitators of interventions for improving antiretroviral therapy adherence: a systematic review of global qualitative evidence
Authors: Ma Qingyan , Tso Lai Sze , Rich Zachary C , Hall Brian J , Beanland Rachel , Li Haochu , Lackey Mellanye , Hu Fengyu , Cai Weiping , Doherty Meg , Tucker Joseph D
Published: October 2016

Introduction

Qualitative research on antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence interventions can provide a deeper understanding of intervention facilitators and barriers. This systematic review aims to synthesize qualitative evidence of interventions for improving ART adherence and to inform patient‐centred policymaking.

Methods

We searched 19 databases to identify studies presenting primary qualitative data on the experiences, attitudes and acceptability of interventions to improve ART adherence among PLHIV and treatment providers. We used thematic synthesis to synthesize qualitative evidence and the CERQual (Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research) approach to assess the confidence of review findings.

Results

Of 2982 references identified, a total of 31 studies from 17 countries were included. Twelve studies were conducted in high‐income countries, 13 in middle‐income countries and six in low‐income countries. Study populations focused on adults living with HIV (21 studies, n=1025), children living with HIV (two studies, n=46), adolescents living with HIV (four studies, n=70) and pregnant women living with HIV (one study, n=79). Twenty‐three studies examined PLHIV perspectives and 13 studies examined healthcare provider perspectives. We identified six themes related to types of interventions, including task shifting, education, mobile phone text messaging, directly observed therapy, medical professional outreach and complex interventions. We also identified five cross‐cutting themes, including strengthening social relationships, ensuring confidentiality, empowerment of PLHIV, compensation and integrating religious beliefs into interventions. Our qualitative evidence suggests that strengthening PLHIV social relationships, PLHIV empowerment and developing culturally appropriate interventions may facilitate adherence interventions. Our study indicates that potential barriers are inadequate training and compensation for lay health workers and inadvertent disclosure of serostatus by participating in the intervention.

Conclusions

Our study evaluated adherence interventions based on qualitative data from PLHIV and health providers. The study underlines the importance of incorporating social and cultural factors into the design and implementation of interventions. Further qualitative research is needed to evaluate ART adherence interventions.
Modulation of electrical mobility in Au ion irradiated titanium oxide with crystal field splitting
Authors: Park Hyun-Woo , Jun Byung-Hyuk , Choi Dukhyun , Chung Kwun-Bum
Published: October 2016

Electrical modulation of radio frequency (RF) sputtered TiO2−

x
films were investigated as a function of Au swift heavy ion irradiation dose at room temperature. The prepared TiO2−

x
films were irradiated with 130 MeV Au swift heavy ion in the range from 1 × 1011 to 5 × 1012 ions/cm2. As the Au ion irradiation dose increased up to 1 × 1012 ions/cm2, the electrical mobility of TiO2−

x
films were dramatically increased 3.07 × 102 cm2 V−1 s−1 without the change of carrier concentration. These changes in electrical properties of Au irradiated TiO2−

x
film, are related to the modification of electronic structure such as crystal field splitting of Ti 3d orbital hybridization and sub-band edge states below the conduction band as a function of Au swift heavy ion irradiation dose.
Abnormal degradation of high-voltage p-type MOSFET with n+ polycrystalline silicon gate during AC stress
Authors: Lee Dongjun , Joo Ikhyung , Lee Changsub , Song Duheon , Choi Byoungdeog
Published: October 2016

We investigated the abnormal degradation of high-voltage p-type MOSFET (HV pMOSFET) under negative AC gate bias stress. In HV pMOSFET with n+ polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) gate, the abnormal degradation occurs after the gradual degradation during negative AC stress. The abnormal degradation is suppressed by changing the gate material from n+ poly-Si to p+ poly-Si, and it is caused by hot holes produced by the impact ionization near the surface when electrons move from the gate toward the gate oxide. We suggest a possible mechanism to explain the improvement of degradation by using p+ poly-Si as a gate material.
A glacier runoff extension to the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System
Authors: Van Beusekom A. E. , Viger R. J.
Published: October 2016

A module to simulate glacier runoff, PRMSglacier, was added to PRMS (Precipitation Runoff Modeling System), a distributed‐parameter, physical‐process hydrological simulation code. The extension does not require extensive on‐glacier measurements or computational expense but still relies on physical principles over empirical relations as much as is feasible while maintaining model usability. PRMSglacier is validated on two basins in Alaska, Wolverine, and Gulkana Glacier basin, which have been studied since 1966 and have a substantial amount of data with which to test model performance over a long period of time covering a wide range of climatic and hydrologic conditions. When error in field measurements is considered, the Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiencies of streamflow are 0.87 and 0.86, the absolute bias fractions of the winter mass balance simulations are 0.10 and 0.08, and the absolute bias fractions of the summer mass balances are 0.01 and 0.03, all computed over 42 years for the Wolverine and Gulkana Glacier basins, respectively. Without taking into account measurement error, the values are still within the range achieved by the more computationally expensive codes tested over shorter time periods.
Asian monsoon modulation of nonsteady state diagenesis in hemipelagic marine sediments offshore of Japan
Authors: Chang Liao , Bolton Clara T. , Dekkers Mark J. , Hayashida Akira , Heslop David , Krijgsman Wout , Kodama Kazuto , Paterson Greig A. , Roberts Andrew P. , Rohling Eelco J. , Yamamoto Yuhji , Zhao Xiang
Published: October 2016

We have identified millennial‐scale variations in magnetic mineral diagenesis from Pacific Ocean sediments offshore of Japan that we correlate with changes in organic carbon burial that were likely driven by Asian monsoon fluctuations. The correlation was determined by identifying offsets between the positions of fossil diagenetic fronts and climatically induced variations in organic carbon burial inferred from magnetic and geochemical analyses. Episodes of intense monsoon activity and attendant sediment magnetic mineral diagenesis also appear to correlate with Heinrich events, which supports the existence of climatic telecommunications between Asia and the North Atlantic region. Several lines of evidence support our conclusions: (1) fluctuations in down‐core magnetic properties and diagenetic pyrite precipitation are approximately coeval; (2) localized stratigraphic intervals with relatively stronger magnetic mineral dissolution are linked to enhanced sedimentary organic carbon contents that gave rise to nonsteady state diagenesis; (3) down‐core variations in elemental S content provide a proxy for nonsteady state diagenesis that correlate with key records of Asian monsoon variations; and (4) relict titanomagnetite that is preserved as inclusions within silicate particles, rather than secondary authigenic phases (e.g., greigite), dominates the strongly diagenetically altered sediment intervals and are protected against sulfidic dissolution. We suggest that such millennial‐scale environmental modulation of nonsteady state diagenesis (that creates a temporal diagenetic filter and relict magnetic mineral signatures) is likely to be common in organic‐rich hemipelagic sedimentary settings with rapidly varying depositional conditions. Our work also demonstrates the usefulness of magnetic mineral inclusions for recording important environmental magnetic signals.
3D density model of the upper mantle of Asia based on inversion of gravity and seismic tomography data
Authors: Kaban Mikhail K. , Stolk Ward , Tesauro Magdala , El Khrepy Sami , Al‐Arifi Nassir , Beekman Fred , Cloetingh Sierd A. P. L.
Published: October 2016

We construct a new‐generation 3D density model of the upper mantle of Asia and its surrounding areas based on a joint interpretation of several data sets. A recent model of the crust combining nearly all available seismic data is employed to calculate the impact of the crust on the gravity anomalies and observed topography and to estimate the residual mantle anomalies and residual topography. These fields are jointly inverted to calculate the density variations in the lithosphere and upper mantle down to 325 km. As an initial approximation, we estimate density variations using a seismic tomography model. Seismic velocity variations are converted into temperatures and then to density variations based on mineral physics constraints. In the Occam‐type inversion, we fit both the residual mantle gravity anomalies and residual topography by finding deviations to the initial model. The obtained corrections improve the resolution of the initial model and reflect important features of the mantle structure that are not well resolved by the seismic tomography. The most significant negative corrections of the upper mantle density, found in the Siberian and East European cratons, can be associated with depleted mantle material. The most pronounced positive density anomalies are found beneath the Tarim and South Caspian basins, Barents Sea, and Bay of Bengal. We attribute these anomalies to eclogites in the uppermost mantle, which have substantially affected the evolution of the basins. Furthermore, the obtained results provide evidence for the presence of eclogites in the oceanic subducting mantle lithosphere.
Present‐day stress states underneath the Kumano basin to 2 km below seafloor based on borehole wall failures at IODP site C0002, Nankai accretionary wedge
Authors: Chang Chandong , Song Insun
Published: October 2016

We constrain the state of stress to 2 km below seafloor in the Nankai accretionary prism at the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) site C0002F, southwest Japan, based on borehole wall failures and rock strengths. The logging‐while‐drilling resistivity images from 872.5 to 2005.5 m below seafloor show that drilling‐mud control in riser drilling worked properly to minimize borehole wall failures. Available breakouts indicate a consistent maximum compression orientation subparallel to the subducting plate margin. Breakout analysis with drill logs suggests that breakouts occurred only when borehole pressure was slightly lowered and time lag between hole cutting and image logging was several hours. This indicates that the observed breakouts are not immediate stress‐induced failure but brought up into shape gradually with time due to other mechanisms. Laboratory investigations on deformation and failure of the cores suggest that the time‐delayed breakout might be a result of progressive rock spall‐out in borehole wall damage zones that occur at a stress level close to failure condition. We constrain stress magnitudes assuming that the stress state is sufficient to bring about the damage zones at the borehole wall. An integrated method utilizing breakouts, drilling‐induced tensile fractures, and a leak‐off test suggests that the stress states are on the boundary between strike‐slip faulting and normal faulting stress regimes, and somewhat variable depending on depth. The stress magnitudes in the accretionary wedge appear to be controlled by frictional strength of the rock, such that the differential stresses are constrained by the laboratory determined frictional coefficients.
Preliminary Definitions for the Sonographic Features of Synovitis in Children
Authors: Roth Johannes , Ravagnani Viviana , Backhaus Marina , Balint Peter , Bruns Alessandra , Bruyn George A. , Collado Paz , De la Cruz Lorenia , Guillaume‐Czitrom Severine , Herlin Troels , Hernandez Cristina , Iagnocco Annamaria , Jousse‐Joulin Sandrine , Lanni Stefano , Lilleby Vibke , Malattia Clara , Magni‐Manzoni Silvia , Modesto Consuelo , Rodriguez Ana , Nieto Juan‐Carlos , Ohrndorf Sarah , Rossi‐Semerano Linda , Selvaag Anne‐Marit , Swen Nanno , Ting Tracy V. , Tzaribachev Nikolay , Vega‐Fernandez Patricia , Vojinovic Jelena , Windschall Daniel , D'Agostino Maria‐Antonietta , Naredo Esperanza ,   for the OMERACT Ultrasound Group
Published: October 2016

Objective

Musculoskeletal ultrasonography (US) has the potential to be an important tool in the assessment of disease activity in childhood arthritides. To assess pathology, clear definitions for synovitis need to be developed first. The aim of this study was to develop and validate these definitions through an international consensus process.

Methods

The decision on which US techniques to use and the components to be included in the definitions, as well as the final wording, were developed by 31 US experts in a consensus process. A Likert scale of 1–5 (where 1 = complete disagreement and 5 = complete agreement) was used. A minimum of 80% of the experts scoring 4 or 5 was required for final approval. The definitions were then validated on 120 standardized US images of the wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints, and tibiotalar joints, displaying various degrees of synovitis at various ages.

Results

B‐mode and Doppler should be used for assessing synovitis in children. A US definition of the various components (i.e., synovial hypertrophy, effusion, and Doppler signal within the synovium) was developed. The definition was validated on still images with a median of 89% of participants (range 80–100) scoring it as 4 or 5 on a Likert scale.

Conclusion

US definitions of synovitis and its elementary components covering the entire pediatric age range were successfully developed through a Delphi process and validated in a web‐based still‐images exercise. These results provide the basis for the standardized US assessment of synovitis in clinical practice and research.
Adaptive output‐feedback stabilisation of an uncertain second‐order linear systems
Authors: Aguilar‐Ibanez Carlos , Acosta José Ángel , Martinez‐Garcia Juan C. , García‐Canseco Eloísa
Published: October 2016

The adaptive stabilisation of uncertain second‐order linear systems is addressed, under a lack of information from both states and parameters. The only standard assumptions are no zeros and the sign of the high frequency gain known. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there has been only an explicit solution proposed in the literature so far with proven stability. Despite the simplicity of the system, it does not fit in any of the standard nonlinear control methodologies available. Thus, this work is a complementary contribution providing a mixed control design strategy based on a reduced‐order observer, adaptive Immersion & Invariance and Backstepping approaches. Hence, this solution depicts a transversal outlook of those nonlinear control strategies and provides a breakthrough for the generalisation of this non‐trivial control problem. Numerical simulations are reported to assess the effectiveness of the adaptive strategy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MoS2‐Based All‐Purpose Fibrous Electrode and Self‐Powering Energy Fiber for Efficient Energy Harvesting and Storage
Authors: Liang Jia , Zhu Guoyin , Wang Caixing , Wang Yanrong , Zhu Hongfei , Hu Yi , Lv Hongling , Chen Renpeng , Ma Lianbo , Chen Tao , Jin Zhong , Liu Jie
Published: October 2016

Here an all‐purpose fibrous electrode based on MoS2 is demonstrated, which can be employed for versatile energy harvesting and storage applications. In this coaxial electrode, ultrathin MoS2 nanofilms are grown on TiO2 nanoparticles coated carbon fiber. The high electrochemical activity of MoS2 and good conductivity of carbon fiber synergistically lead to the remarkable performances of this novel composite electrode in fibrous dye‐sensitized solar cells (showing a record‐breaking conversion efficiency of 9.5%) and high‐capacity fibrous supercapacitors. Furthermore, a self‐powering energy fiber is fabricated by combining a fibrous dye‐sensitized solar cell and a fibrous supercapacitor into a single device, showing very fast charging capability (charging in 7 s under AM1.5G solar illumination) and an overall photochemical‐electricity energy conversion efficiency as high as 1.8%. In addition, this wire‐shaped electrode can also be used for fibrous Li‐ion batteries and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions. These applications indicate that the MoS2‐based all‐purpose fibrous electrode has great potential for the construction of high‐performance flexible and wearable energy devices.
In Situ Probing and Synthetic Control of Cationic Ordering in Ni‐Rich Layered Oxide Cathodes
Authors: Zhao Jianqing , Zhang Wei , Huq Ashfia , Misture Scott T. , Zhang Boliang , Guo Shengmin , Wu Lijun , Zhu Yimei , Chen Zonghai , Amine Khalil , Pan Feng , Bai Jianming , Wang Feng
Published: October 2016

Ni‐rich layered oxides (LiNi1–xMxO2; M = Co, Mn, …) are appealing alternatives to conventional LiCoO2 as cathodes in Li‐ion batteries for automobile and other large‐scale applications due to their high theoretical capacity and low cost. However, preparing stoichiometric LiNi1–xMxO2 with ordered layer structure and high reversible capacity, has proven difficult due to cation mixing in octahedral sites. Herein, in situ studies of synthesis reactions and the associated structural ordering in preparing LiNiO2 and the Co‐substituted variant, LiNi0.8Co0.2O2, are made, to gain insights into synthetic control of the structure and electrochemical properties of Ni‐rich layered oxides. Results from this study indicate a direct transformation of the intermediate from the rock salt structure into hexagonal phase, and during the process, Co substitution facilities the nucleation of a Co‐rich layered phase at low temperatures and subsequent growth and stabilization of solid solution Li(Ni, Co)O2 upon further heat treatment. Optimal conditions are identified from the in situ studies and utilized to obtain stoichiometric LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 that exhibits high capacity (up to 200 mA h g−1 ) with excellent retention. The findings shed light on designing high performance Ni‐rich layered oxide cathodes through synthetic control of the structural ordering in the materials.
Conversion of carbohydrates into 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural in a green reaction system of CO2‐water‐isopropanol
Authors: Lin Haizhou , Xiong Qingang , Zhao Yuan , Chen Jingping , Wang Shurong
Published: October 2016

In this work, a green reaction system of CO2‐water‐isopropanol was developed for 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) production. The conversion of fructose in a CO2‐water system was first investigated, and the results showed this system could promote the formation of HMF compared to a pure water system. Then, isopropanol was introduced into the CO2‐water system and the HMF formation became better because the solvent effect of isopropanol increased the tautomeric composition of fructofuranose, which was easy to form HMF. The existence of isopropanol was found to greatly suppress secondary reactions where HMF was converted to levulinic acid and insoluble humin. Meanwhile, the effects of reaction parameters on the conversion of fructose to HMF in the CO2‐water‐isopropanol system were analyzed, and a high HMF yield of 67.14% was obtained. Finally, to further illustrate the merits of CO2‐water‐isopropanol system, productions of HMF from other carbohydrates were tested and satisfactory yields were achieved. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 257–265, 2017
Pet Groomer's Lung: A novel occupation related hypersensitivity pneumonitis related to pyrethrin exposure in a pet groomer
Authors: Pu Chan Yeu , Rasheed Mohamed Rizwan Haroon Al , Sekosan Marin , Sharma Vibhu
Published: October 2016

A 61‐year‐old man was evaluated for a 2 month history of cough and dyspnea without relevant exposures other than pyrethrin containing insecticidal sprays he used while grooming dogs almost daily. High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) of the chest demonstrated a Non‐Specific Interstitial Pneumonia (NSIP) pattern. Pulmonary function testing revealed an isolated mildly reduced diffusion capacity. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) results confirmed the presence of foamy histiocytes, lymphocytes, and polymorphonuclear cells consistent with ongoing exposure. Open lung biopsy showed poorly formed granulomas and bronchiolitis. He was advised to avoid exposure to pyrethrin. While he declined to stop grooming dogs, on follow‐up, his symptoms had improved with use of a P100 mask and better ventilation to protect himself when using the pet sprays. We conclude that sustained exposure to pyrethrin containing sprays in the pet grooming industry may be a risk factor for a novel occupation related hypersensitivity pneumonitis. (“Pet Groomer's Lung”). Am. J. Ind. Med. 60:141–145, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Entropic uncertainty relations for successive measurements of canonically conjugate observables
Authors: Rastegin Alexey E.
Published: October 2016

Uncertainties in successive measurements of general canonically conjugate variables are examined. Such operators are approached within a limiting procedure of the Pegg–Barnett type. Dealing with unbounded observables, we should take into account a finiteness of detector resolution. An appropriate reformulation of two scenarios of successive measurements is proposed and motivated. Uncertainties are characterized by means of generalized entropies of both the Rényi and Tsallis types. The Rényi and Tsallis formulations of uncertainty relations are obtained for both the scenarios of successive measurements of canonically conjugate operators. Entropic uncertainty relations for the cases of position and momentum are separately discussed.

image
Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of triorganotin(IV) derivatives of some bioactive Schiff base ligands
Authors: Bhatra Pooja , Sharma Jyoti , Sharma Ram Avatar , Singh Yashpal
Published: October 2016

Triorganotin(IV) complexes of the type Me3Sn[OC(R1):CH(CH3)C:NR2OH] and Ph3Sn[OC(R′):CH(CH3)C:NR″OH] (R′ = ─CH3, ─C6H5; R″ = ─(CH2)2─, ─(CH2)3─) have been synthesized by the reactions of trimethyl/phenyltin(IV) chloride with the sodium salt of corresponding Schiff base ligands in unimolar ratio in refluxing tetrahydrofuran. All these compounds have been characterized using elemental analyses and their probable structures have been proposed on the basis of infrared, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 119Sn NMR and mass spectroscopic studies. In the trimethyltin(IV) derivatives the central tin atom is tetracoordinated, whereas in the analogous triphenyltin(IV)derivatives the central tin atom is pentacoordinated. All these ligands, metal precursors and corresponding triorganotin(IV) complexes have been screened for antimicrobial activities. A comparison of activities of the ligands and their corresponding triorganotin(IV) derivatives has been made. Attempts have also been made to relate the activity to the structure of these compounds.
Preparation and Catalytic Activity of a Novel Nanocrystalline ZrO2@C Composite for Hydrogen Storage in NaAlH4
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wu Ruyan , Wang Zeyi , Gao Mingxia , Pan Hongge , Liu Yongfeng
Published: October 2016

Sodium alanate (NaAlH4) has attracted intense interest as a prototypical high‐density hydrogen‐storage material. However, poor reversibility and slow kinetics limit its practical applications. Herein, a nanocrystalline ZrO2@C catalyst was synthesized by using Uio‐66(Zr) as a precursor and furfuryl alcohol (FA) as a carbon source. The as‐synthesized ZrO2@C exhibits good catalytic activity for the dehydrogenation and hydrogenation of NaAlH4. The NaAlH4‐7 wt % ZrO2@C sample released hydrogen starting from 126 °C and reabsorbed it starting from 54 °C, and these temperatures are lower by 71 and 36 °C, respectively, relative to pristine NaAlH4. At 160 °C, approximately 5.0 wt % of hydrogen was released from the NaAlH4‐7 wt % ZrO2@C sample within 250 min, and the dehydrogenation product reabsorbed approximately 4.9 wt % within 35 min at 140 °C and 100 bar of hydrogen. The catalytic function of the Zr‐based active species is believed to contribute to the significantly reduced operating temperatures and enhanced kinetics.
Enhancing cold atmospheric plasma treatment of cancer cells by static magnetic field
Authors: Cheng Xiaoqian , Rajjoub Kenan , Shashurin Alexey , Yan Dayun , Sherman Jonathan H. , Bian Ka , Murad Ferid , Keidar Michael
Published: October 2016

It has been reported since late 1970 that magnetic field interacts strongly with biological systems. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has also been widely studied over the past few decades in physics, biology, and medicine. In this study, we propose a novel idea to combine static magnetic field (SMF) with CAP as a tool for cancer therapy. Breast cancer cells and wild type fibroblasts were cultured in 96‐well plates and treated by CAP with or without SMF. Breast cancer cells MDA‐MB‐231 showed a significant decrease in viability after direct plasma treatment with SMF (compared to only plasma treatment). In addition, cancer cells treated by the CAP‐SMF‐activated medium (indirect treatment) also showed viability decrease but was slightly weaker than the direct plasma‐SMF treatment. By integrating the use of SMF and CAP, we were able to discover their advantages that have yet to be utilized. Bioelectromagnetics. 38:53–62, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expansion rate of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms
Authors: Patterson B O , Sobocinski J , Karthikesalingam A , Hinchliffe R J , Loftus I , Thompson M M , Holt P J
Published: October 2016

Background

Surveillance is mandatory for all patients with a thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). The frequency of surveillance imaging, however, is not evidence-based, as few data exist regarding TAA growth rates. This study aimed to determine the rate of TAA expansion and to inform surveillance intervals based on TAA diameter.

Methods

Patients with a TAA for whom morphological data were available from serial CT scans were studied. Annualized growth rates based on diameter at presentation and time taken to reach a theoretical intervention threshold of 55 mm were calculated. The number of patients who would have achieved the threshold undetected was determined based on simulated imaging intervals of 6 months, 1, 2 and 3 years.

Results

A total of 2916 scans from 995 patients were analysed. The mean aortic expansion rate was 2·76 mm per year for all patients, with an exponential increase observed at sizes above 45 mm. Only 3·9 per cent of patients with a starting diameter of 30–39 mm and 5·3 per cent of those with a diameter of 40–44 mm achieved threshold size within 2 years. Conversely, the probability of expansion to more than 55 mm was 74·5 per cent in 2 years for patients with a starting diameter of 50–54 mm, rising to 85·7 per cent at 3 years.

Conclusion

Based on a threshold of 55 mm for intervention, most patients with a maximum aortic diameter below 40 mm could safely undergo surveillance at 2-yearly intervals. Above 45 mm, annual surveillance is recommended. Patients with a diameter greater than 50 mm could be optimized for possible repair, if this is clinically appropriate.
Geographical classification of Epimedium based on HPLC fingerprint analysis combined with multi‐ingredients quantitative analysis
Authors: Xu Ning , Zhou Guofu , Li Xiaojuan , Lu Heng , Meng Fanyun , Zhai Huaqiang
Published: October 2016

A reliable and comprehensive method for identifying the origin and assessing the quality of Epimedium has been developed. The method is based on analysis of HPLC fingerprints, combined with similarity analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA) and multi‐ingredient quantitative analysis. Nineteen batches of Epimedium, collected from different areas in the western regions of China, were used to establish the fingerprints and 18 peaks were selected for the analysis. Similarity analysis, HCA and PCA all classified the 19 areas into three groups. Simultaneous quantification of the five major bioactive ingredients in the Epimedium samples was also carried out to confirm the consistency of the quality tests. These methods were successfully used to identify the geographical origin of the Epimedium samples and to evaluate their quality.
Post‐incarceration Recidivism of Lone versus Group Juvenile Homicide Offenders
Authors: Khachatryan Norair , Heide Kathleen M. , Rad Jordyn , Hummel Erich V.
Published: October 2016

Killings by juvenile homicide offenders (JHOs) who use accomplices have been increasing since the 1980s and currently represent approximately half of juvenile arrests for murder in the United States. Nevertheless, prior research has not compared JHOs who kill alone with JHOs who kill in groups. The present research followed up 30 years later on a sample of 59 male murderers and attempted murderers sentenced to adult prison. This study was designed to analyze whether lone and group JHOs differed on pre‐incarceration, incarceration, and post‐incarceration variables. Significant findings indicated that compared with lone offenders, group JHOs had a higher mean of pre‐homicide arrests and were more likely to be Black, have a pre‐homicide delinquent record, commit a crime‐related homicide offense, and target a stranger. With respect to post‐homicide variables, group JHOs were more likely to be released from prison and more likely to be rearrested. The two types of JHOs did not differ significantly in relation to the number of post‐release violent offenses. Preliminary implications of the findings and avenues for future investigation are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A phase I trial of panobinostat (LBH589) in patients with metastatic melanoma
Authors: Ibrahim Nageatte , Buchbinder Elizabeth I. , Granter Scott R. , Rodig Scott J. , Giobbie‐Hurder Anita , Becerra Carla , Tsiaras Argyro , Gjini Evisa , Fisher David E. , Hodi F. Stephen
Published: October 2016

Epigenetic alterations by histone/protein deacetylases (HDACs) are one of the many mechanisms that cancer cells use to alter gene expression and promote growth. HDAC inhibitors have proven to be effective in the treatment of specific malignancies, particularly in combination with other anticancer agents. We conducted a phase I trial of panobinostat in patients with unresectable stage III or IV melanoma. Patients were treated with oral panobinostat at a dose of 30 mg daily on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays (Arm A). Three of the six patients on this dose experienced clinically significant thrombocytopenia requiring dose interruption. Due to this, a second treatment arm was opened and the dose was changed to 30 mg oral panobinostat three times a week every other week (Arm B). Six patients were treated on Arm A and 10 patients were enrolled to Arm B with nine patients treated. In nine patients treated on Arm B, the response rate was 0% (90% confidence interval [CI]: 0–28%) and the disease‐control rate was 22% (90% CI: 4–55%). Among all 15 patients treated, the overall response rate was 0% (90% CI: 0–17%) and the disease‐control rate was 27% (90% CI: 10–51%). There was a high rate of toxicity associated with treatment. Correlative studies suggest the presence of immune modifications after HDAC inhibition. Panobinostat is not active as a single agent in the treatment of melanoma. Further exploration of this agent in combination with other therapies may be warranted.
Clofarabine versus fludarabine‐based reduced‐intensity conditioning regimen prior to allogeneic transplantation in adults with AML/MDS
Authors: Chevallier Patrice , Labopin Myriam , de La Tour Regis Peffault , Lioure Bruno , Bulabois Claude‐Eric , Huynh Anne , Blaise Didier , Turlure Pascal , Daguindau Etienne , Maillard Natacha , Yakoub‐Agha Ibrahim , Guillerm Gaelle , Delage Jeremy , Contentin Nathalie , Bay Jacques‐Olivier , Beckerich Florence , Bourhis Jean‐Henri , Detrait Marie , Vigouroux Stéphane , François Sylvie , Legrand Faezeh , Guillaume Thierry , Mohty Mohamad ,   the SFGM‐TC
Published: October 2016

We have retrospectively compared survivals between acute myeloid leukemia (AML)/myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients who received either a clofarabine/busulfan (CloB2A2) or a fludarabine/busulfan (FB2A2) RIC regimen for allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Between 2009 and 2014, 355 allotransplanted cases were identified from the SFGM‐TC registry as having received either the FB2A2 (n = 316, 56% males, median age: 59.2 years, AML 78.5%, first complete remission [CR1] 72%, median follow‐up: 20 months) or the CloB2A2 (n = 39, 62% males, median age: 60.8 years, AML 62%, CR1 69%, median follow‐up: 22.4 months) RIC regimen. In multivariate analysis, FB2A2 was associated with significant lower overall survival (OS, HR: 2.14; 95%CI: 1.05–4.35, P = 0.04) and higher relapse incidence (RI, HR: 2.17; 95%CI: 1.02–4.61, P = 0.04) and a trend for lower leukemia‐free survival (LFS, HR: 1.75; 95%CI: 0.94–3.26, P = 0.08). These results were confirmed using a propensity score‐matching strategy. However, when considering AML and MDS patients separately, the benefit of the CLOB2A2 regimen was restricted to AML patients (2‐year OS FB2A2: 38% [14.5–61.6] vs. CloB2A2: 79.2% [62.9–95.4], P = 0.01; 2‐year LFS FB2A2: 38% [16–59.9] vs. CloB2A2: 70.8% [52.6–89], P = 0.03). The better survivals were due to the lower risk of relapse in this CloB2A2 AML subgroup (2‐year RI FB2A2: 41.2% [19–62.4] vs. CloB2A2: 16.7% [5–34.2], P = 0.05). This retrospective comparison suggests that the CloB2A2 RIC regimen can likely provide longer survival than that awarded by a FB2A2 RIC regimen and may become a new standard of care RIC regimen for allotransplanted AML patients. A prospective phase 3 randomized study is warranted.
Variants in autophagy‐related genes and clinical characteristics in melanoma: a population‐based study
Authors: White Kirsten A. M. , Luo Li , Thompson Todd A. , Torres Salina , Hu Chien‐An Andy , Thomas Nancy E. , Lilyquist Jenna , Anton‐Culver Hoda , Gruber Stephen B. , From Lynn , Busam Klaus J. , Orlow Irene , Kanetsky Peter A. , Marrett Loraine D. , Gallagher Richard P. , Sacchetto Lidia , Rosso Stefano , Dwyer Terence , Cust Anne E. , Begg Colin B. , Berwick Marianne ,   The GEM Study Group
Published: October 2016

Autophagy has been linked with melanoma risk and survival, but no polymorphisms in autophagy‐related (ATG) genes have been investigated in relation to melanoma progression. We examined five single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in three ATG genes (ATG5; ATG10; and ATG16L) with known or suspected impact on autophagic flux in an international population‐based case–control study of melanoma. DNA from 911 melanoma patients was genotyped. An association was identified between (GG) (rs2241880) and earlier stage at diagnosis (OR 0.47; 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) = 0.27–0.81, P = 0.02) and a decrease in Breslow thickness (P = 0.03). The ATG16L heterozygous genotype (AG) (rs2241880) was associated with younger age at diagnosis (P = 0.02). Two SNPs in ATG5 were found to be associated with increased stage (rs2245214 CG, OR 1.47; 95% CI = 1.11–1.94, P = 0.03; rs510432 CC, OR 1.84; 95% CI = 1.12–3.02, P = 0.05). Finally, we identified inverse associations between ATG5 (GG rs2245214) and melanomas on the scalp or neck (OR 0.20, 95% CI = 0.05–0.86, P = 0.03); ATG10 (CC) (rs1864182) and brisk tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (OR 0.42; 95% CI = 0.21–0.88, P = 0.02), and ATG5 (CC) (rs510432) with nonbrisk TILs (OR 0.55; 95% CI = 0.34–0.87, P = 0.01). Our data suggest that ATG SNPs might be differentially associated with specific host and tumor characteristics including age at diagnosis, TILs, and stage. These associations may be critical to understanding the role of autophagy in cancer, and further investigation will help characterize the contribution of these variants to melanoma progression.
Irregular vascular pattern by contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography and high serum Lens culinaris agglutinin‐reactive fraction of alpha‐fetoprotein level predict poor outcome after successful radiofrequency ablation in patients with early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Takada Hitomi , Tsuchiya Kaoru , Yasui Yutaka , Nakakuki Natsuko , Tamaki Nobuharu , Suzuki Shoko , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Itakura Jun , Takahashi Yuka , Kurosaki Masayuki , Asahina Yasuhiro , Enomoto Nobuyuki , Izumi Namiki
Published: October 2016

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is considered the most effective treatment for early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients unsuitable for resection. However, poor outcome after RFA has occasionally been reported worldwide. To predict such an outcome, we investigated imaging findings using contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) with Sonazoid and serum tumor markers before RFA. This study included 176 early‐stage HCC patients who had initially achieved successful RFA. Patients were examined using CEUS; their levels of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), Lens culinaris agglutinin‐reactive fraction of AFP (AFP‐L3), and des‐gamma‐carboxy prothrombin before RFA were measured. Sonazoid provided parenchyma‐specific contrast imaging and facilitated tumor vascular architecture imaging through maximum intensity projection (MIP). Kaplan–Meier analysis examined cumulative rates of local tumor progression, intrasubsegmental recurrence, and survival; factors associated with these were determined with Cox proportional hazards analysis. Local tumor progression (n = 15), intrasubsegmental recurrence (n = 46), and death (n = 18) were observed. Irregular pattern in MIP classification and serum AFP‐L3 level (>10%) before RFA were identified as independent risk factors for local tumor progression and intrasubsegmental recurrence. These two factors were independently associated with poor survival after RFA (irregular pattern in MIP: hazard ratio, (HR) = 8.26; 95% confidence interval, (CI) = 2.24–30.3; P = 0.002 and AFP‐L3 > 10%: HR = 2.94; 95% CI = 1.09–7.94; P = 0.033). Irregular MIP pattern by CEUS and high level of serum AFP‐L3 were independent risk factors for poor outcome after successful RFA. The Patients with these findings should be considered as special high‐risk group in early‐stage HCC.
miR‐204‐5p targeting SIRT1 regulates hepatocellular carcinoma progression
Authors: Jiang Guangbin , Wen Li , Zheng Hongmei , Jian Zhiyuan , Deng Weiping
Published: October 2016

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of cancer, which presents rapid tumor growth, drug resistance, and metastasis. Recently, microRNAs are shown to be involved in the cell biological processes in HCC, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the cellular function and molecular mechanism of miR‐204‐5p in HCC. SIRT1 mRNA and miR‐204‐5p were examined by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. SIRT1 protein levels were measured by Western blotting. Cell proliferation assay was performed to confirm colony formation. Invasion assay was performed by transwell system. SPSS 15.0 for Windows was used for statistical analysis. SIRT1 was a potential oncogene in cancer, which was identified as a direct target of miR‐204‐5p. Overexpression of miR‐204‐5p in human HCC cell lines (BEL‐7405 and QGY‐7701) caused the suppression of cell survival ability, the increase of apoptosis, and drug sensitivity. SIRT1 was overexpressed in human HCC tissues and was negatively related to miR‐204‐5p levels. These results indicate that miR‐204‐5p and SIRT1 may play an important role in the development of HCC.
The 37‐kDa laminin receptor precursor regulates the malignancy of human glioma cells
Authors: Wu Hongjie , Li Jing , Xu Dongxiao , Jv Donghui , Meng Xiaofeng , Qiao Peng , Cui Tao , Shi Baozhong
Published: October 2016

Glioma is one of the most common brain tumors and one of the most aggressive cancers. Although extensive progress has been made regarding to the diagnosis and treatment, the mortality in glioma patients is still high. Therefore, finding new therapeutic targets to the glioma is critical to the advancement in cancer treatment. Recently, the 37‐kDa laminin receptor precursor (37LRP) was reported to play important roles in occurrence of some types of cancer, indicating that this molecule may function as a key regulator in the tumor migration and metastasis. However, there is still no report to elucidate the correlation between 37LRP expression and glioma genesis and development. In this study, we found the higher expression of 37LRP in the glioma cells compared with the normal brain cells. We also indicated that the downregulation of 37LRP could affect the glioma biomarker expression and also weaken the proliferative, migratory, and metastatic capacity of glioma cells in vitro. Furthermore, 37LRP silencing inhibited the glioma tumor growth in vivo. Collectively, these data demonstrated that 37LRP regulates the metastasis of glioma cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo, suggesting that 37LRP may function as a potential molecular target in the glioma treatment.
A case of new‐onset cardiomyopathy and ventricular tachycardia in a patient receiving ibrutinib for relapsed mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Wallace Natalie , Wong Ellice , Cooper Dennis , Chao Herta
Published: October 2016

Key Clinical Message

Ibrutinib is a first‐in‐class inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase, which is approved for use in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. Although ibrutinib has been linked to an increased incidence of atrial fibrillation, this is the first report of an association with nonischemic cardiomyopathy and ventricular arrhythmia.
Density Functional Determination of the Energetics of the Formation of trans‐Stilbene Catalyzed by Sulfenate Anions
Authors: De Raffele Daria , Piazzetta Paolo , Russo Nino , Toscano Marirosa , Adamo Carlo
Published: October 2016

trans‐Stilbene is an important building block of useful materials such as dyes, fluorescent whiteners, liquid crystals, pigments, optical brighteners, scintillators, and organic light‐emitting diodes. Taking cue from an innovative study devoted to the synthesis of these systems, we explored, through a density functional theory investigation, the mechanism of the conversion of benzyl chloride into trans‐stilbene catalyzed by sulfenate anions; we examined all steps of the reaction to rationalize the experimental findings through determination of both the thermodynamic and kinetic features.