bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photoconduction in 2D Single‐Crystal Hybrid Perovskites
Authors: Demontis Valeria , Durante Ofelia , Marongiu Daniela , De Stefano Sebastiano , Matta Selene , Simbula Angelica , Ragazzo Capello Carlotta , Pennelli Giovanni , Quochi Francesco , Saba Michele , Di Bartolomeo Antonio , Mura Andrea , Bongiovanni Giovanni
Published: December 2024

Single‐crystal hybrid perovskites represent an emerging class of next‐generation semiconductors due to their excellent and tunable optoelectronic properties, along with a solution‐based, low‐temperature growth process. 2D single‐crystal hybrid perovskites are especially promising as their long‐range ordered multiple quantum well structure induces many peculiar properties, such as large exciton binding energy, large in‐plane conductivity, and improved environmental stability, which make them suitable for low‐dimensional optoelectronics applications and fundamental studies. Herein, the structural properties, morphology, and optoelectronic behavior of 2D thin film phenethylammonium lead iodide (PEA2PbI4) single‐crystals, synthesized using the space‐confined growth technique are explored. A planar device is fabricated and its spectral photoresponse is studied under broadband supercontinuum white light. Remarkably, the device exhibits an ultra‐low dark current (10−14 A), indicative of low defect density and suppressed ion migration. Under white light, the current increases linearly with the incident power, up to a factor of 105, and the device achieves a specific detectivity of 109 Jones. The temperature and wavelength dependence of the photocurrent suggests the dissociation of excitons as one of the main mechanisms affecting photoconduction. Furthermore, stability under air exposure and illumination turns out to be remarkable.
Viral Live‐Attenuated Vaccines (LAVs): Past and Future Directions
Authors: Tang Yan‐Dong , Li Yuming , Cai Xue‐Hui , Yin Xin
Published: December 2024

Viral infections continue to pose a significant threat to the health of both humans and animals. Currently, live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) remain the most efficacious and widely utilized tool for combating viral infections. Conventional LAVs involve the adaptation of virulent viruses to novel hosts, cell cultures, or suboptimal environments, resulting in a reduction in pathogenicity while retaining immunogenicity. This process entails directed evolution of the virus to enhance its replication efficiency under these modified conditions. In this review, the development of traditional animal‐adapted and cold‐adapted LAVs is specially discussed. Additionally, the factors that contribute to virus attenuation from a viral lifecycle perspective are summarized. Finally, we propose future directions for next‐generation LAVs.
Upcycling of Polyethylene Wastes to Valuable Chemicals over Group VIII Metal‐decorated WO3 Nanosheets
Authors: Zhou Qimin , Gao Weiqiang , Wang Deliang , Chang Yinlong , Guan Hanxi , Lim Khak Ho , Yang Xuan , Liu Pingwei , Wang Wen‐Jun , Li Bo‐Geng , Wang Qingyue
Published: December 2024

Catalytic cracking of polyolefin wastes into valuable chemicals at mild conditions using non‐noble metal catalysts is highly attractive yet challenging. Herein it is reported that 2D tungsten trioxide (2D WO3) nanosheets, after decorating with group VIII metal promoters (i.e., Fe, Co, or Ni), convert high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) into alkylaromatics and olefins at low temperature and ambient pressure without using any solvent or hydrogen: 2D Ni/WO3 with abundant Brønsted acidic sites initiates HDPE cracking at a low temperature of 240 °C; 2D Fe/WO3 with low energy barrier of cyclization achieves a high HDPE conversion to 84.2% liquid hydrocarbons with a selectivity of 30.9% to aromatics at 300 °C. In‐situ spectroscopic investigations and supplementary theoretical calculations illustrate that these aromatics are formed through the cyclization of alkene intermediates. These 2D catalysts also display high efficiency in the low‐temperature cracking of single‐use commercial polyethylene wastes such as packaging bags and bottles. This work has demonstrated the high potential of 2D non‐noble metal catalysts in the efficient upcycling of waste polyolefin at mild conditions.
Understanding the Dynamics of Sulfur Droplets Formation in Lean‐Electrolyte and Low‐Temperature Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Qi Qi , Shi Fangyi , Yu Jingya , Ma Yiyuan , Chen Feiyang , Lv Wei , Law Wing‐Cheung , Lau Shu Ping , Xu Zheng‐Long
Published: December 2024

Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) afford great promises as the next‐generation rechargeable batteries due to the high energy density and low cost of sulfur cathodes. Lean‐electrolyte condition constitutes the prerequisite for high‐energy LSBs, but the insulating sulfur particles hinder capacity utilization, especially at low temperatures. Here, the electrochemical generation of liquid sulfur droplets in the LSB system are studied and elucidate the polysulfide oxidation reaction (SOR) kinetics under different electrolyte/sulfur (E/S) ratios and low‐temperature conditions. The real‐time observations under in situ optical and Raman microscopies indicate that the formation of liquid sulfur during SOR is independent of the E/S ratio and can be preserved over a wide range of operating temperatures. Quantification of the polysulfide reactant concentrations and the amounts of the liquid sulfur product under different charging conditions reveal pseudo‐zero‐order kinetics and E/S ratio‐dependent reaction constants for the SOR process. In addition, under extreme conditions of −20 °C and E/S ratio of 5 µL mg−1, liquid sulfur can still be preserved by following the rapid SOR kinetics. These findings provide new insights into the liquid sulfur generation dynamics in Li─S chemistry, which enables a deeper understanding of the effects of the E/S ratio and working temperature on the oxidation kinetics in LSBs.
Sandwich‐Structured Fluorinated Polyimide Aerogel/Paraffin Phase‐Change Composites Simultaneously Enables Gradient Thermal Protection and Electromagnetic Wave Transmission
Authors: Shi Tao , Jing Jianwei , Qian Zhiqiang , Wu Gaojie , Tian Guofeng , Liu Huan , Wang Xiaodong
Published: December 2024

There is an emerging requirement of advanced functional materials for simultaneous thermal protection and electromagnetic wave‐transparent transmission applications. A novel polyimide (PI) aerogel‐based sandwich‐structural composite is developed to meet such a requirement in this study. This composite is based on a unidirectional fluorinated PI (FPI) aerogel as a lower layer, a nondirectional conventional PI aerogel as a middle layer, and a nondirectional FPI aerogel/paraffin phase‐change composite as an upper layer. The lower layer exhibits a unique unidirectional porous microstructure and an ultralow dielectric constant of 1.04. The upper layer possesses a dynamical temperature regulation capability thanks to its loaded paraffin having a high latent heat capacity of 242.7 J g−1. The presence of the nondirectional PI aerogel middle layer can effectively prevent against the leakage of paraffin from the upper layer to the surface of the composite. Through a rational integration of three functional layers, the developed sandwich‐structured composite not only can provide gradient thermal protection for hot objects over a long period but also exhibits an excellent wave‐transparent capability to establish communication between two electromagnetically shielded electronic devices. With such prominent thermal insulation and wave‐transparent functions, the sandwich‐structured composite exhibits great potential for specific applications in aircraft, spacecraft, radar systems, and satellite communication.
Nanodrug‐Engineered Exosomes Achieve a Jointly Dual‐Pathway Inhibition on Cuproptosis
Authors: Sun Hanxiao , Zou Yang , Chen Zhengtai , He Yan , Ye Kai , Liu Huan , Qiu Lihong , Zhang Yufan , Mai Yuexue , Chen Xinghong , Mao Zhengwei , Wang Wei , Yi Chenggang
Published: December 2024

Cuproptosis, caused by an intracellular overload of copper (Cu) ions and overexpression of ferredoxin 1 (FDX1), is identified for its regulatory role in the skin wound healing process. This study verifies the presence of cuproptosis in skin wound beds and reactive oxygen species‐induced cells model. To address the two pathways leading to cell cuproptosis, a nanodrug‐engineered exosomes is proposed. A Cu‐chelator (Clioquinol, CQ) polydopamine (PDA)‐modified stem cell exosome loaded with siRNA‐FDX1, named EXOsiFDX1‐PDA@CQ, is designed to efficiently inhibit the two cuproptosis pathways. The functionalized exosomes are loaded into an injectable hydrogel and applied to treat diabetic wounds in mice and acute skin wounds in pigs. The local and controlled release of EXOsiFDX1‐PDA@CQ ensures the retention of the therapeutic agent at wound beds, effectively promoting wound healing. The strategy of engineered exosomes with functional nanoparticles (NPs) proposed in this study offers an efficient and scalable new approach for regulating cuproptosis.
Insight into the synergetic solvent effect of H2O‐ethanol on the adiponitrile hydrogenation
Authors: Zhou Le , Zhang Xin , Han Yu , Li Xin , Zeng Ze‐Quan , Zou Hai‐Kui , Luo Yong
Published: December 2024

The Co@NC catalyst exhibits significant protic solvent preference for hydrogenation of nitriles to primary amines. However, the effect of mixed protic solvents on catalytic hydrogenation has received little attention. Herein, the synergetic solvent effect has been proposed to accelerate the hydrogenation of adiponitrile (ADN) to hexamethylenediamine through H2O‐ethanol hydrogen bond networks on Co@NC catalyst. Experimental screenings on solvents showed that ADN conversion in H2O‐ethanol was 1.6 ~ 5.1 times greater than in single solvents. Kinetic models in H2O/ethanol (vW = 0.6), H2O, and ethanol showed that the solvents effected on H2 transformation dominated the reaction. Isotope labelling and kinetic experiments revealed that H2O and ethanol acted as co‐catalysts through exchanging and transferring hydrogen via hydroxyl groups. Density functional theory calculations confirmed that the energy barrier for proton transfer mediated by H₂O–ethanol was reduced by 0.18 eV compared to proton transfer mediated by H₂O–H₂O dimers.
Modular chem‐bio upcycling of waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) to glycolic acid and 2,4‐pyridine dicarboxylic acid
Authors: Wang Zishuai , Wang Yaoqiang , Xiao Gang , Tang Zequn , Wang Shaojie , Jin Yu , Su Haijia
Published: December 2024

Upcycling of waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) into valuable products represents a promising avenue for advancing carbon neutrality and circular economy. Here, we demonstrate a modular strategy for converting waste PET into glycolic acid (GA) and 2,4‐pyridine dicarboxylic acid (2,4‐PDCA), achieving an upcycling process and 45% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. We conducted comprehensive studies on PET hydrolysis, PET‐derived ethylene glycol (EG) photooxidation, and PET‐derived terephthalic acid (TPA) bioconversion. Utilizing a plasmon‐active CuPt nanoalloy, EG oxidation proceeds at mild conditions with impressive EG conversion (94.78%) and GA yield (71.98%). Two Escherichia coli strains were employed to convert TPA into 2,4‐PDCA, achieved a 91.03% molar yield. This work successfully accomplishes the comprehensive utilization of waste PET through an environmentally friendly and economically viable strategy, leading to a significant reduction in PET plastic pollution while simultaneously generating substantial economic benefits.
Experimental study of bubble breakup in water and solid suspension by using the image‐based method
Authors: Wang Haozheng , Duan Xiaoxia , Wu Wenjuan , Feng Xin , Huang Dingwang , Zhang Weipeng , Li Zheng , Song Runci , Cao Junya , Yang Chao
Published: December 2024

This work investigates the bubble breakup process with and without particles in turbulent conditions using the image‐based method. A binocular high‐speed camera was employed to capture breakup events. A deep learning‐based image identification software (Large Deformation Dispersed Phase Analysis in Multiphase Flows) and a highly deformed bubble volume/surface area quantification method (Dense Adaptive Segmentation Method) are proposed. An energy barrier is found during the bubble breakup process, with the maximum increase in surface area (ΔSmax) being two to three times the final increase after breakup (ΔSfinal). This indicates that the critical energy required for bubble breakup is underestimated in most breakup models. The presence of suspended particles raises this energy barrier, thus reducing the breakup probability. The daughter bubble size distribution follows an M‐type distribution in water, while the addition of particles leads to a tendency towards equal‐size breakup. This work provides a reliable technology and the experimental data for further clarifying the bubble breakup mechanism.
Seamless scale‐up of tube‐in‐tube millireactors by annular structure and feed method design: Micromixing, residence time distribution and heat transfer
Authors: Liu Hanyang , Yang Ning , Jiang Junan , Xiao Zundong , Wang Chenfeng , Lu Beili , Wang Rijie , Tang Lirong
Published: December 2024

Flow chemistry is widely valued for its enhanced transport properties and safety, but scaling up while maintaining the advantages of the microenvironment in small‐scale systems remains challenging. We addressed this by developing a novel tube‐in‐tube millireactor with a multi‐hole jet inlet and deflectors, designed to maintain consistent flow regimes and optimize micromixing, residence time distribution (RTD), and heat transfer at various scales. The reactor increases flux by enlarging tube diameters and incorporating micro‐holes and deflectors, all while maintaining a constant annular space. This design, validated through both CFD modeling and experimental results, maintains consistent fluid flow and excellent transfer properties, achieving micromixing time below 2 ms at Reh > 2000, a plug‐flow‐like RTD profile, and a heat transfer capacity up to 12.4 times greater than conventional designs. This study presents a simple, scalable approach to millireactor design, combining “number‐up” and “size‐up” strategies, offering a cost‐effective solution for industrial applications.
Association Between Pre‐Injury Opioid Use and Opioid Use Patterns After a Work Injury
Authors: Fulton‐Kehoe Deborah , Haight John , Elmore Andrea , Sears Jeanne M. , Wickizer Thomas , Franklin Gary M.
Published: December 2024

Background

Few studies have assessed long‐term opioid prescribing after a work‐related injury. There is limited information about opioid prescriptions before an injury and how receipt of opioids before a work injury is associated with long‐term opioid prescribing. We present patterns of long‐term opioid prescription among workers after an injury, overall, and by pre‐injury opioid use.

Methods

We used linked workers' compensation and prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) data to identify workers injured between July 2019 and June 2020 with an opioid prescription dispensed within 6 weeks after injury. Opioid prescribing was assessed for the 3 months before injury and for 1 year after injury or claim closure, whichever came first.

Results

Among injured workers with an opioid in the first 6 weeks, 23% had opioids 6−12 weeks after injury, 19% had opioids 3−6 months, 14% had opioids 6−9 months, and 12% had opioids 9−12 months after injury; 19% had opioids in the 3 months before injury. For workers with opioid prescription prior to injury, the percentage with opioids 9−12 months after injury was 34%, versus 7% among workers with no opioids in the 3 months before injury (p < 0.001). Receipt of chronic opioids (for at least 60 days) 9−12 months after injury was substantially higher among those with prior opioid prescription (20%) than in those with no prior opioids (0.4%) (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

We found a strong relationship between opioid prescription in the 3 months before a work injury and opioid prescribing after an injury. Healthcare providers should be vigilant to the important relationship between prior opioid use and longer‐term opioid use after work‐related injuries.
Childhood adversity and late‐life cognitive and brain health in a diverse cohort
Authors: Hayes‐Larson Eleanor , Gradwohl Natalie M. , Fong Joseph , Kobayashi Lindsay C. , Gilsanz Paola , Whitmer Rachel A. , Glymour M. Maria , Barnes Lisa L. , Koenen Karestan C. , DeCarli Charles , Fletcher Evan , Mungas Dan , Mayeda Elizabeth Rose
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION

Childhood adversity harms neurodevelopment. Literature on late‐life brain health is limited, and findings on late‐life cognition are mixed.

METHODS

Pooling data from Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (KHANDLE) and Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans (STAR) cohorts, we assessed the impact of childhood adversity (factor score from seven self‐reported items) on (a) executive function and verbal memory decline using linear mixed effects models (n = 2447), (b) structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using linear regression (n = 618), and (c) amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) using generalized linear models (n = 331), all adjusting for early‐life demographic and socioeconomic confounders.

RESULTS

Childhood adversity was not associated with cognition except for a slightly faster decline in verbal memory ( = −0.013 SD/year, 95% confidence interval [−0.025, −0.001]). Among neuroimaging outcomes, childhood adversity was associated with only larger temporal lobe volumes ( = 0.092 SD [0.012, 0.173]).

DISCUSSION

More research evaluating sources of resilience, heterogeneity, and bias is needed to explain inconsistent findings across studies.

Highlights

We developed measurement models to capture childhood adversity in a diverse cohort.

Childhood adversity was associated with a slightly faster verbal memory decline.

We examined childhood adversity's effect on structural MRI and amyloid PET measures.

Higher childhood adversity was associated with larger temporal lobe volumes.
The POINTER Imaging baseline cohort: Associations between multimodal neuroimaging biomarkers, cardiovascular health, and cognition
Authors: Harrison Theresa M. , Ward Tyler , Taggett Jacinda , Maillard Pauline , Lockhart Samuel N. , Jung Youngkyoo , Lovato Laura C. , Koeppe Robert , Jagust William J. , Harvey Danielle , Masdeu Joseph C. , Oh Hwamee , Gitelman Darren R. , Aggarwal Neelum T. , Espeland Mark A. , Cleveland Maryjo L. , Whitmer Rachel , Farias Sarah Tomaszewski , Salloway Stephen , Pavlik Valory , Yu Melissa , Tangney Christine , Snyder Heather , Carrillo Maria , Baker Laura D. , Vemuri Prashanthi , DeCarli Charles , Landau Susan M. ,   for the U.S. POINTER Study Group
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION

The U.S. Study to Protect Brain Health Through Lifestyle Intervention to Reduce Risk (U.S. POINTER) is evaluating lifestyle interventions in older adults at risk for cognitive decline and dementia. Here we characterize the baseline data set of the POINTER Imaging ancillary study.

METHODS

Participants underwent health and cognitive assessments and neuroimaging with multimodal positron emission tomography (PET) (beta‐amyloid [Aβ] and tau) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Framingham risk score (FRS) was used to quantify cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

RESULTS

A total of 1052 participants (31% from underrepresented ethnoracial groups) were enrolled. Compared to Aβ−, Aβ+ (29%) participants were older, had higher apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carriage rate and white matter hyperintensity volume, and greater temporal tau. FRS was related to MRI measures, but not AD biomarkers. FRS and tau had independent effects on cognition.

DISCUSSION

In this heterogenous, at‐risk cohort, CVD risk was related to more abnormal brain structure and poorer cognition, representing a putative non‐AD (Alzheimer's disease) pathway to brain injury and cognitive decline.

Highlights

The U.S. Study to Protect Brain Health Through Lifestyle Intervention to Reduce Risk (U.S. POINTER) cohort is enriched for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and poor lifestyle

POINTER Imaging collected multimodal neuroimaging data in this unique, at‐risk cohort

Amyloid burden was related to age, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carriage, and measures of disease progression

Associations between amyloid and tau, and tau and cognition, were relatively weak

CVD risk and tau pathology were independently related to memory
Longitudinal Imaging Biomarkers Correlate with Progressive Motor Deficit in the Mouse Model of Charlevoix‐Saguenay Ataxia
Authors: Gigliucci Valentina , Huang Su‐Chun , Boschetti Giorgio , Scaravilli Alessandra , Castoldi Valerio , Podini Paola , Quattrini Angelo , Cocozza Sirio , Leocani Letizia , Maltecca Francesca
Published: December 2024

Objective

In autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix‐Saguenay (ARSACS) disease, severity and age of onset vary greatly, hindering to objectively measure and predict clinical progression. Thickening of the retinal nerve fiber layer is distinctive of ARSACS patients, as assessed by optical coherence tomography, whereas conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging findings include both supratentorial and infratentorial changes. Because longitudinal imaging studies in ARSACS patients are not available to define these changes as biomarkers of disease progression, we aimed to address this issue in the ARSACS mouse model.

Methods

We performed longitudinal retinal OCT and brain MRI in the Sacs−/− ARSACS mouse model, alongside motor and coordination assessment in the beam walking test. We also investigated visual function and the molecular mechanisms underlying RNFL increased thickness by histology and immunofluorescence.

Results

We demonstrated that RNFL thickening by OCT gradually increases in the early stages of pathology in the Sacs−/− mouse model, reflecting the progression of motor impairment, and later reaches a plateau when thinning of the posterior corpus callosum becomes detectable by MRI. Mechanistically, we unveiled that RNFL thickening is associated with aberrant accumulation of non‐phosphorylated neurofilament H and glial fibrillary acidic protein. We also uncovered mild signs of myelin pathology coherent with increased latency of visual evoked potentials, and altered retinal activation by photopic electroretinography.

Interpretation

We show that both RNFL thickening and MRI changes may represent biomarkers of disease progression in the Sacs−/− mouse model. Our data gathers knowledge instrumental to clinical studies, holding potential as readout for treatment efficacy. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:425–434
Azadihomocorannulene as a Heptagon‐Embedded Diradicaloid
Authors: Hamamoto Yosuke , Wang Weifan , Li Yongxin , Ito Shingo
Published: December 2024

Polycyclic aromatic diradical(oid) molecules are attracting significant attention because of their unique electronic and magnetic properties as well as their applications as functional materials. While diradical(oid) molecules bearing five‐membered rings have been extensively investigated, those bearing seven‐membered rings are relatively fewer. Herein, we report the synthesis of azapentabenzodihomocorannulene dication and diradical molecules. The synthesis was achieved through a mechanochemical C(sp2)−H/C(sp3)−H coupling in the presence of sodium as a key reaction. Electron spin resonance studies revealed that the neutral azapentabenzodihomocorannulene adopts a singlet diradical (diradicaloid) ground state with a small singlet−triplet energy gap of 2.1 kcal/mol. The electronic and optical properties were investigated both experimentally and theoretically to elucidate their aromatic character.
Hederagenin is a Highly Selective Antagonist of the Neuropeptide FF Receptor 1 that Reveals Mechanisms for Subtype Selectivity
Authors: Lentschat Hannah , Liessmann Fabian , Tydings Claiborne , Schermeng Tina , Stichel Jan , Urban Nicole , Schaefer Michael , Meiler Jens , Beck‐Sickinger Annette G.
Published: December 2024

RF‐amide peptide receptors including the neuropeptide FF receptor 1 (NPFFR1) are G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) that modulate diverse physiological functions. High conservation of endogenous ligands and receptors makes the identification of selective ligands challenging. Previously identified antagonists mimic the C‐terminus of peptide ligands and lack selectivity towards the closely related neuropeptide FF receptor 2 (NPFFR2) or the neuropeptide Y1 receptor (Y1R). In a high‐throughput screening, we identified the pentacyclic triterpenoid hederagenin (1) as a novel selective antagonist for the NPFFR1. Hederagenin (1) is a natural product isolated from Hedera helix (ivy). We characterized its mode of activity using in vitro and in silico methods, revealing an overlapping binding site of the small molecule with the orthosteric peptide agonists. Despite the high similarity of the orthosteric binding pockets of NPFFR1 and NPFFR2, hederagenin (1) shows strong subtype selectivity, particularly caused by slight differences in the shape of the binding pockets and the rigidity of the small molecule. Several residues inhibiting the activity of hederagenin (1) at the NPFFR2 were identified. As NPFFR1 antagonists are discussed as potential candidates for the treatment of chronic pain, these insights into the structural determinants governing subtype specificity will facilitate the development of next‐generation analgesics with improved safety and efficacy.
An Improved Permeation Model for Solution–Diffusion‐Based Hollow Fiber Gas Separation Membrane: Implementation and Analysis
Authors: Almarjeh Rama Alqassar Bani , Yeo Jason Yi Juang , Atassi Yomen , Hosseini Seyed Saeid , Sunarso Jaka
Published: December 2024

Dense polymeric hollow fiber membrane–based gas separation modules are becoming increasingly important in various industrial fields due to their higher efficiency compared to other gas separation processes. Modeling the membranes gas separation process and analyzing the governing mathematical equations such as the solution–diffusion model are crucial for optimizing module performance and making the process cost‐effective. Herein, we introduce an improved methodology for solving the mathematical model of polymeric hollow fiber gas separation membranes focusing on a simpler and more accurate solution strategy. Unlike previous solving methods, the model characteristic functions (feed flow, permeate flow, feed composition, permeate composition within the porous support layer, and bulk permeate composition) better adhere to boundary conditions at the module inlet and closed‐end. The improved solving algorithm provides a more accurate solution, with a maximum mean squared error of 7.3441 × 10−5 and minimum of 0.8853, outperforming previous complex methods. The corrected algorithm also features improved speed, completing calculations in under 0.015 s, faster than any reported values. The model's response to changes in geometric and operating conditions is evaluated through an extensive sensitivity test, which is conducted by statistical analysis and numerical solutions. Numerical solution approach allows for a wider range of possibilities of interactions compared to statistical analysis and enables inspection of a wider response surface. Additionally, the response equation is estimated for permeate purity, stagecut, and retentate purity, and the process is optimized for different goals. Performance of membrane gas separation is highly sensitive to the membrane sizing and feed concentration, as these factors significantly influence the separation driving force. Therefore, this study presents an improved solving strategy and a detailed description of the effect of various parameters on the model response, along with a comprehensive comparison to statistical analysis and process optimization possibilities.
Chemical Recycling of Used PI/PTFE Sandwich Composite Filter Bags
Authors: Dai Feng , Liu Jingxian
Published: December 2024

Recycling is a major approach to addressing resource waste and environmental pollution issues, but it remains a challenge to recycling of the polyimide/polytetrafluoroethylene (PI/PTFE) sandwich composites. In this work, an efficient process for recycling PI/PTFE composite filter bags was proposed, which mainly included pretreatment, pre‐hydrolysis, separation, recovery, and reuse. First, the effect of washing pretreatment of used composite needle felt was evaluated by SEM and EDS characterization. Then the strength of the PI fibers was decreased by pre‐hydrolysis so that the PI could be easily separated with PTFE. The effect of hydrolysis time on the mass loss rate of PI, peel strength of PI with PTFE, and tensile strength of PTFE was systematically investigated. Finally, the PI was depolymerized into monomers in an alkaline solution. This method successfully realizes the recycling of used PI/PTFE composite filter bags, and the waste liquid generated can be recycled and reused. Moreover, the recycled ODA and PMA were used to prepare PI films by thermal imidization. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the PI recycled films were 107.6 MPa and 7.8%, respectively, and the films had excellent thermal stability. The recycling of used PI/PTFE composite filter bags avoids wasting resources.
Is it still autism? The increasing broadening of the autism spectrum
Authors: Bertelli Marco O. , Boniotti Veronica , Scior Katrina
Published: December 2024

Clinical significance of a broad autism phenotype (BAP) seems to be increasingly supported by growing reports of high prevalence of subthreshold autism spectrum disorder (sASD) or autistic traits (AT) in various demographic samples, particularly in individuals with psychiatric conditions. We question this increasing extension of the autism spectrum and its potential negative consequences for clinical services, research, cultural attitudes, and resource allocation, as well as alternative explanations of what is currently attributed to sASD and AT.

In modern psychiatry the diagnostic threshold is paramount and associated with a significant impairment of functioning, implying that symptom specificity is more relevant than sensitivity. Within a syndrome, symptoms have to be present together, with the parts related to and interconnected with the whole. Single autism symptomatic dimensions have low syndromic specificity and can be observed in many different mental disorders. For instance, communication problems may present in communication disorders, social‐cognitive difficulties can be found in schizophrenia, and rigid and/or repetitive behaviors can be found in obsessive compulsive disorder. One alternative interpretation of AT and/or sASD relates to personality traits. For example, within the Big 5 Model, low openness is associated with a dislike of change and a narrow range of interests, low extraversion with social withdrawal and coldness, and low agreeableness with disinterest in others and disregard for their feelings.

These risks of overreliance on non‐specific aspects of autism are particularly likely to occur with screening checklists, self‐assessment, or assessment by a lay interviewer with only limited expertise in clinical assessment.
Impact of Self‐Reported Long‐Term Mental Health Morbidity on Help‐Seeking and Diagnostic Testing for Bowel‐Related Cancer Symptoms: A Vignette Study
Authors: Pennisi Flavia , Ricciardi Giovanni Emanuele , von Wagner Christian , Smith Lauren , Kaushal Aradhna , Lyratzopoulos Georgios , Merriel Samuel William David , Hamilton Willie , Abel Gary , Valderas Jose Maria , Renzi Cristina
Published: December 2024

Objective

To investigate if pre‐existing mental health morbidity (MHM) might influence help‐seeking and willingness to undergo diagnostic investigations for potential colorectal cancer (CRC) symptoms.

Methods

An online vignette survey was completed by 1307 adults aged > 50 years recruited through Prolific, a UK panel provider. Participants self‐reported any chronic physical or MHM. After having been presented with vignettes describing new onset symptoms (rectal bleeding or change in bowel habit), participants answered questions on symptom attribution and attitudes to investigations. Using multivariable logistic regression we examined the association between MHM and symptom attribution, intended help‐seeking, and willingness to undergo investigations, controlling for socio‐demographic factors and physical morbidities.

Results

Self‐reported MHM (reported by 14% of participants) was not associated with cancer symptom attribution (29% of participants with or without MHM mentioned cancer as a possible reason for rectal bleeding and 14% for change in bowel habit). Individuals with self‐reported MHM were less likely to contact a GP if experiencing a change in bowel habit (19% vs. 39%; adjusted (a)OR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.19–0.60) and to mention rectal bleeding to their GP (83% vs. 89%, aOR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.26–0.94). Although most participants would be willing to undergo a colonoscopy for these high‐risk symptoms, those with depression/anxiety were less willing (90% vs. 96%; aOR: 0.37, 95% CI 0.16–0.87).

Conclusions

Individuals with self‐reported MHM are less likely to seek help and less willing to undergo investigations for high‐risk symptoms. Targeted support, for example, through additional mental health nurses, might facilitate prompt cancer diagnosis for the large group of people with MHM.
The Analysis of Plasma Proteomics for Luminal A Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhao Meimei , Jiang YongWei , Kong Xiaomu , Liu Yi , Gao Peng , Li Mo , Zhu Haoyan , Deng Guoxiong , Feng Ziyi , Cao Yongtong , Ma Liang
Published: December 2024

Background

Breast cancer is the prevailing malignancy among women, exhibiting a discernible escalation in incidence within our nation; hormone receptor‐positive (HR+) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐negative (HER2−) breast cancer is the most common subtype. In this study, we aimed to search for a non‐invasive, specific, blood‐based biomarker for the early detection of luminal A breast cancer through proteomic studies.

Methods

To explore new potential plasma biomarkers, we applied data‐independent acquisition (DIA), a technique combining liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry, to quantify breast cancer‐associated plasma protein abundance from a small number of plasma samples in 10 patients with luminal A breast cancer, 10 patients with benign breast tumors, and 10 healthy controls.

Results

The proteomes of 30 participants in all cohorts were analyzed using the DIA method, and a total of 517 proteins and 3584 peptides were quantified. We found that there were significant differences in plasma protein expression profiles between breast cancer patients and non‐breast cancer patients, and breast cancer was mainly related to lipid metabolism pathways. Finally, the optimal protein combinations for the diagnosis of breast cancer were PON3, IGLV3‐10, and IGHV3‐73 through multi‐model analysis, which had a high prediction accuracy for breast cancer (AUC = 0.92), and the model could also distinguish breast cancer from HC (AUC = 0.92) and breast cancer from benign breast tumor (AUC = 0.91).

Conclusions

The study revealed proteomic signatures of patients with luminal A breast cancer, identified multiple differential proteins, and identified three plasma proteins as potential diagnostic biomarkers for breast cancer. It provides a reference for the screening of biomarkers for breast cancer.
Standardized Eucalyptus maculata (Corymbia maculata) Resin Extract: Metabolomic Profiling, In Vitro and In Silico Study of Anti‐HSV Activity
Authors: Bassam Samar M. , Abdelwahab Ibrahim A. , Teleb Mohamed , Ali Dalia E.
Published: December 2024

Recent episodes of viral pandemics have led to a quest for new drugs to act on emerging targets. Most challenging viruses are only mutants of already known viruses. Here comes the role of metabolomics in investigating natural secondary metabolites as sustainable antiviral drug candidates. Resins are natural plant products having the advantage of being concentrated and consisting of precious terpenoids, phenolics, and flavonoids, known for their anti‐pathogen activity. This study aimed at investigation of the major phytoconstituents in the Eucalyptus maculata (EM) resin using high resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and investigating its antiviral potential. In vitro screening of the standardized EM antiviral activity was performed. High resolution LC–MS/MS analysis was done for the extract followed by investigation of the possible active metabolites through molecular docking techniques against two viral protein targets; herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D (HSV gD) and B‐ and T‐lymphocyte attenuator/herpes virus entry mediator complex. The evaluation in negative and positive modes identified 29 substances and revealed the prevalence of coumaryl and galloyl derivatives, in addition to kaempferol and aromadendrin derivatives. Antiviral in vitro screening led to the conclusion of the promising effect of the resin against HSV that was further confirmed through molecular docking. EM resin represents a future sustainable drug discovery and should be further investigated as an antiviral agent.
A New Azaphilone From the Marine Sponge‐Associated Fungus Botryosporium pulchrum
Authors: Li Dai‐Chun , Wei Mei‐Wen , Yang Zhen‐Yu , Guo Ze‐Jie , Liao Xiao‐Jian , Xu Shi‐Hai , Zhao Bing‐Xin
Published: December 2024

A new azaphilone, botryazaphilone (1), the first example of azaphilone featuring a 6/6/5/5 tetracyclic system, together with two known ones, chermesinone A (2) and perangustol B (3), had been obtained from the marine sponge‐associated fungus Botryosporium pulchrum. The structure of 1 was elucidated through the analysis of spectroscopic data, whereas its absolute configuration was determined via single‐crystal x‐ray diffraction. It is the first report of the secondary metabolites isolated from the genus Botryosporium. Furthermore, all the compounds showed potential anti‐inflammatory activities on the model of CuSO4‐induced transgenic zebrafish.
Isolation and Characterization of Sesquiterpene Lactones From Syneilesis aconitifolia and Evaluation of Their Anti‐Breast Cancer Activity
Authors: Gao Jie , Zhang Cong , Hu Li‐Juan , Lin Kuan , Zhou Mei , Zhu Shu‐Xiu , Sun Bin‐Lian , Liu Wei , Shu Xi‐Ji , Gan Guo‐Ping , Ye Xian‐Sheng , Yang De‐Sen
Published: December 2024

Two undescribed sesquiterpene lactones (1 and 2), along with two known analogs (3 and 4), were isolated from Syneilesis aconitifolia. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated using spectroscopic analysis, ECD calculations, and single crystal x‐ray diffraction. Compound 3 exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity against 4T1 cells, with an IC50 value of 10.89 µM. In addition, compound 3 significantly induced the apoptosis of 4T1 cells at the concentration of 20 µM. Further anticancer study showed that compound 3 distinctly increased the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species.
Parallel Wire Approach for Recanalisation of Chronic Total Coronary Occlusions in a Large Contemporary Multi‐Center Registry
Authors: Werner Gerald S. , Rathore Sudhir , Avran Alexandre , Garbo Roberto , Galassi Alfredo R. , Lauer Bernward , Dalibor Jörg , Boudou Nicolas , Gorgulu Sevket , Weber‐Albers Joachim , Arenz Juergen , Leroy Fabrice , Lapp Harald , Goktekin Omer , Ayoub Mohamed , La Manna Alessio , Gasparini Gabriele , Bryniarski Leszek , Dens Jo , Bufe Alexander , Wojcik Jaroslaw , Mashayekhi Kambis ,   for the ERCTO contributors
Published: December 2024

Background

The parallel wire technique (PW) is a classic part of the antegrade strategy to open chronic total coronary occlusions (CTO).

Aims

With modern wires and dual‐lumen catheters (DLC) the approach has evolved, but this progress had not been evaluated in a contemporary registry of CTO interventions.

Method

This analysis is based on 26,589 CTO procedures performed by 36 operators with > 50 procedures annually between 2015 and 2022. The different strategies and techniques were analyzed with respect to clinical and lesion characteristics, procedural resource use and periprocedural complications. Within the antegrade approach, PW was compared to antegrade wire escalation (AWE) and antegrade‐dissection re‐entry (ADR).

Results

The primary antegrade approach was used in 65.9%, primary retrograde in 16.9% and a strategy change in 17.2% with a wide inter‐operator variability. In primary antegrade approach, PW was applied in 10.8% and ADR in 5.3%. Lesion complexity was higher in AWE and PW than with single wire, and highest in ADR procedures, leading to more complex procedures with higher contrast and radiation usage. Complications increased with ADR, while they were similar with PW and AWE. Through the observation period PW adoption increased steadily from 6.7% to 10.7%, as the DLC use facilitating PW increased from 8.3% to 17.0% over the observation period.

Conclusion

In this largest database of contemporary CTO PCI from Europe, PW adoption increased over time but remained low at about 10%. While there was a wide individual variety among the operators, it was a safe and successful technique.
Electrocatalytic Stability Over Ruthenium‐Based Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis
Authors: Zhang Yu , Huang Wenwen , Wei Hehe
Published: December 2024

Achieving large‐scale, low‐cost hydrogen production through proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is a key strategic direction in the energy revolution. However, the high potential of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the acidic environment seriously limit the hydrogen production efficiency. RuO2‐based catalysts have garnered significant attention due to their unique electronic structure and exceptional activity in the OER. Nevertheless, their durability remains insufficient for long‐term PEMWE and hydrogen generation. This paper explores the fundamental causes of catalyst degradation and strategies to enhance the catalyst stability under different reaction pathways. Additionally, the importance of PEMWE components, including bipolar plates and membrane electrode assemblies, in improving system stability and efficiency is emphasized, highlighting their role in large‐scale applications of PEMWE. Looking forward, research efforts should prioritize the optimization of both catalysts and system components to achieve a balance between the performance, cost, and long‐term durability. By addressing these factors, we can unlock the full potential of PEMWE technology and make hydrogen a viable, large‐scale solution for clean energy production.
Electrocatalytic CO Reduction to Produce Long‐chain Products Through Fischer‐Tropsch Pathway
Authors: Cao Bo , Li Fu‐Zhi , Han Songbai , Xu Qiang , Gu Jun
Published: December 2024

Electrocatalytic CO reduction (COR) is a promising approach for converting C1 feedstock into valuable multi‐carbon fuels using renewable electricity. At ambient temperature, COR, particularly on Cu‐based catalysts, typically produces C2 chemicals as the dominant products, with long‐chain hydrocarbons containing more than five carbon atoms rarely forming. In contrast, Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis (FTS), a thermocatalytic process converting CO and H2, selectively generates long‐chain hydrocarbons. In this study, we utilized Ru nanoparticles for electrochemical COR under elevated conditions (423 K and 2.8 MPa). Long‐chain products with up to 21 carbon atoms were detected, achieving a Faradaic efficiency of 32 % and a weight selectivity of 65 % for C5+ products. We propose an FTS‐like pathway for this electrocatalytic process. Unlike thermocatalytic FTS, where adsorbed H atoms form via H2 dissociation, in this electrocatalytic version, the H atoms are generated through the Volmer reaction from water. Subsequently, the chemisorbed and activated CO species are hydrogenated, forming CHx intermediates that propagate into long‐chain products.
Vertical channels enable excellent lithium storage kinetics and cycling stability in silicon/carbon thick electrode
Authors: Zhang Wen , Zhang Zihan , Wang Xinxin , Li Wanming , Chen Qin , Zhong Wangting , Wei Junhong , Chen Zihe , Tu Shuibin , Wang Xiancheng , Tan Yuchen , Zhang Yun , Li Huiqiao , Sun Yongming , Zhou Huamin , Yang Hui
Published: December 2024

Constructing silicon (Si)‐based composite electrodes that possess high energy density, long cycle life, and fast charging capability simultaneously is critical for the development of high performance lithium‐ion batteries for mitigating range anxiety and slow charging issues in new energy vehicles. Herein, a thick silicon/carbon composite electrode with vertically aligned channels in the thickness direction (VC‐SC) is constructed by employing a bubble formation method. Both experimental characterizations and theoretical simulations confirm that the obtained vertical channel structure can effectively address the problem of sluggish ion transport caused by high tortuosity in conventional thick electrodes, conspicuously enhance reaction kinetics, reduce polarization and side reactions, mitigate stress, increase the utilization of active materials, and promote cycling stability of the thick electrode. Consequently, when paired with LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622), the VC‐SC||NCM622 pouch type full cell (~6.0 mAh cm−2) exhibits significantly improved rate performance and capacity retention compared with the SC||NCM622 full cell with the conventional silicon/carbon composite electrode without channels (SC) as the anode. The assembled VC‐SC||NCM622 pouch full cell with a high energy density of 490.3 Wh kg−1 also reveals a remarkable fast charging capability at a high current density of 2.0 mA cm−2, with a capacity retention of 72.0% after 500 cycles.
Utilizing Alkyne‐Nitrone Cycloaddition for the Convenient Multi‐Component Assembly of Protein Degraders and Biological Probes
Authors: Lin Shiou‐Ting , Wang Chien‐Hua , Chen Ai‐Lin , Andrew Wang Tsung‐Shing
Published: December 2024

Proteolysis‐targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have become a popular therapeutic strategy, and the development of multi‐functional PROTACs has added complexity to their synthetic process. Although click reactions have been widely applied to prepare highly functionalized biomolecules, most of them are limited to two‐component reactions, restricting the creation of more complex structures. Here, we developed a convenient multi‐component assembly strategy via strain‐promoted alkyne–nitrone cycloaddition (SPANC), which can be extended to a 3‐component reaction when combined with nitrone formation. Using the 2‐component assembly, we demonstrated the targeted protein degradation with both preassembled and in‐cell assembled PROTACs. This strategy was also applied to facilitate the screening of E3 ligases in PROTACs and the preparation of various biological probes. Moreover, the 3‐component assembly, via sequential nitrone formation and SPANC, enabled the synthesis of trifunctional 3‐component PROTACs. The N‐substituent, serving as an additional functional moiety, was designed as a photocage for sterically controlling PROTAC activity. The 3‐component assembly can be further modified to provide additional control or enhance the cell‐targeting ability of PROTACs. In short, our multi‐component SPANC assembly strategy offers a modular and versatile synthetic platform for creating multi‐functional PROTACs and biological probes.