bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research of the Chemical Composition of Mining İndustry Waste
Authors: Shirinova Najiba , Kerimova Gulnara
Published: April 2024

In the presented article, numerous oil refining wastes removed from the Dashkesan Ore Processing Plant are taken as an example. The composition of waste samples was studied using various instruments. The chemical composition of waste allows it to be used as an additional raw material in the production of building materials.
Intelligent Sensor Technology for Rotating Parts in Machines and Plants
Authors: Bürger Andreas , Simon Sylvio , Hernschier Stephan
Published: April 2024

Rotating parts such as shafts, gear wheels, ball bearings or rollers are subject to wear that limits their life cycle. Damage causes loss of production and consequential damage to the entire production plant. Based on the application in a support roller, a system design is presented with which it is possible to record and wirelessly transmit relevant measured values in or on rotating machines without an additional voltage source. The system is largely maintenance-free and can be implemented with components that are currently freely available on the market.
Increasing Control Automation and Management Flexibility in Distribution Electric Networks
Authors: Sadıqlı Bahruz , Aliyev Shamkhal , Guseynova Gunel , Mammadzade Araz
Published: April 2024

In the article, it is proposed to build the electricity consumption system in the distribution network of “Azerishiq” LTD with innovative solutions. Compensation of reactive power, which causes losses of electrical energy, has been calculated and thus the power factor has been improved. The organization of automatic control of this system helps to reduce and save electricity losses, as well as leads to increasing the efficiency of the accounting system and increasing the flexibility of intelligent networks.
Disruption of IFNγ, GZMB, PRF1, or LYST Results in Reduced Suppressive Function in Human CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Vemulawada Chakrapani , Renavikar Pranav S , Crawford Michael P , Steward-Tharp Scott , Karandikar Nitin J
Published: April 2024

An imbalance between proinflammatory and regulatory processes underlies autoimmune disease pathogenesis. We have shown that acute relapses of multiple sclerosis are characterized by a deficit in the immune suppressive ability of CD8+ T cells. These cells play an important immune regulatory role, mediated in part through cytotoxicity (perforin [PRF]/granzyme [GZM]) and IFNγ secretion. In this study, we further investigated the importance of IFNγ–, GZMB-, PRF1-, and LYST-associated pathways in CD8+ T cell–mediated suppression. Using the CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein transfection system, we first optimized efficient gene knockout while maintaining high viability in primary bulk human CD8+ T cells. Knockout was confirmed through quantitative real-time PCR assays in all cases, combined with flow cytometry where appropriate, as well as confirmation of insertions and/or deletions at genomic target sites. We observed that the knockout of IFNγ, GZMB, PRF1, or LYST, but not the knockout of IL4 or IL5, resulted in significantly diminished in vitro suppressive ability in these cells. Collectively, these results reveal a pivotal role for these pathways in CD8+ T cell–mediated immune suppression and provide important insights into the biology of human CD8+ T cell–mediated suppression that could be targeted for immunotherapeutic intervention.
Peak Exercise Capacity and Angina Threshold Improvement after Cardiac Rehabilitation in a Patient with Stable Angina and Low Hemoglobin
Authors: Diaz Javier Loureiro , Surendran Praveen Jayaprabha , Jacob Prasobh , Chbib Salma , Foster Liam David , Abuenjelh Ayah Mohammad Ahmad , Ibrahim Omar
Published: April 2024

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is recommended for all patients with stable angina (SA) as an effective treatment. Hemoglobin (Hgb) levels predict exercise performance and may affect symptom threshold in SA patients. A multidisciplinary CR intervention was individually tailored for a 72-year-old patient with a diagnosis of SA, low Hgb (<10 g/dL), and typical chest pain at light-to-moderate exercise (<5 metabolic equivalent task), who was stratified as at high risk for cardiac events during exercise. Two symptom-limited exercise tests were performed before and after 36 sessions of supervised exercise training producing near-optimal accumulated total volume load and chronic training load. In this case report, we show that an individually tailored CR intervention in a patient with SA and low Hgb is feasible, effective, and safe at reducing the burden of symptoms while increasing peak exercise capacity, health-related quality of life, and physical activity engagement.
Study of the Histopathological Changes in the Heart in Postmortem/Autopsy Cases in Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Birare Shivaji Dadarao , Swami Dinesh Vishwanath , Gaikwad Sarika Sanjay , Malpani Roshani Rajesh
Published: April 2024

Context:

There has been a significant increase in global cardiac-related fatalities, particularly over the last five decades. In India, cardiovascular diseases have emerged as a prevalent condition. Moreover, the incidence of sudden cardiac death has shown a steady rise worldwide.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to research how frequently cardiac disease was found during postmortem/autopsy cases and how it affects sudden death.

Materials and Methods:

The research was conducted at the Department of Pathology, SRTR, GMC, Ambajogai, India. One hundred and eighty cardiac specimens were examined from October 2019 to October 2021. Formalin-fixed heart specimens had multiple sections cut out of them at 4–5 mm intervals. The tissues underwent preparation, followed by sectioning into 4 μm thickness using paraffin. The standard staining method of hematoxylin and eosin was used to stain the samples. Different cardiac histomorphological alterations were assessed.

Results:

The study included 180 autopsy cases. The highest numbers of cases were observed in the age group of 31–40 years (20.2%). Triple-vessel involvement was seen in the majority of 61.5% of cases, out of 180 cases, 52.7% of cases were of hypertrophy.

Conclusions:

The research highlights the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, particularly atherosclerosis and hypertrophy. Notably, sudden death cases showed a distinct distribution across the study years, with males being predominantly affected. This underscores the urgent need for preventive measures and interventions to prevalent cardiovascular conditions effectively.
Evaluation of different doses of dexmedetomidine for awake fibreoptic nasotracheal intubation in patients undergoing oromaxillofacial and oral malignancy surgeries: A randomised, double-blind study
Authors: Arora Sanya , Govardhane Balasaheb T. , Srinivasan Vanchula , Karandikar Gayatri
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims:

In patients undergoing cancer surgeries with anticipated difficult airway, awake fibreoptic nasotracheal intubation (AFONI) is critical for securing the airway. However, different doses of dexmedetomidine (DEX) are yet to be evaluated in these patients. Thus, we compared three doses of DEX for AFONI in patients undergoing oromaxillofacial and oral malignancy surgeries.

Methods:

In this randomised, double-blind study, 90 patients aged 18–60 years of either gender, with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I/II, and undergoing elective oromaxillofacial and oral malignancy surgeries were randomised to three groups: Group D1 (0.5 µg/kg DEX), Group D2 (1 µg/kg DEX), and Group D3 (1.5 µg/kg DEX). The primary outcome measure was the airway obstruction score. Secondary outcome measures were intubation scores (including vocal movement, coughing, and limb movements) and a 5-point fibreoptic intubation comfort score. Sedation was assessed using the Ramsay sedation score (RSS). One-way ANOVA and Chi-square test were used to assess the association between quantitative and qualitative variables, respectively. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The airway obstruction score was comparable between the groups (P = 0.78). Similarly, vocal movement (P = 0.15), coughing (P = 0.31), limb movement (P = 0.51), and 5-point fibreoptic intubation comfort score (P = 0.49) did not differ between the groups. The mean RSS was significantly greater in Group D3 than in Groups D1 and D2 (P = 0.001).

Conclusions:

In combination with topical spray and airway block, all three doses of DEX resulted in comparable airway obstruction scores and thus provided favourable conditions for AFONI.
Efficacy of endotracheal tube cuff lignocaine in the prevention of postextubation cough in children undergoing elective surgeries – A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kavyashree M. B. , Kundra Pankaj , Vinayagam Stalin
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims:

Postextubation airway complications are more common in paediatric patients than in adults. Intravenous lignocaine effectively prevents extubation response; however, data on using intracuff lignocaine in microcuff endotracheal tubes is scarce. The primary aim of this study was to compare the incidence of postextubation cough between intracuff lignocaine and intracuff air in the paediatric population during tracheal extubation.

Methods:

This randomised controlled study was conducted in 120 paediatric patients aged 1 month to 12 years who were scheduled to undergo surgeries under general anaesthesia. They were randomised to Group C (intracuff air) and Group L (intracuff 2% lignocaine). After administering general anaesthesia, the airway was secured with an age-appropriate microcuff endotracheal tube. According to groups, the cuff was inflated with air or lignocaine to achieve a cuff pressure of 10 cm H2O. Incidences of cough, desaturation, laryngospasm, apnoea and haemodynamic changes were recorded after tracheal extubation. Categorical variables were compared using the Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test, and continuous variables were compared using the Student’s t-test or Mann–Whitney U test. Intergroup differences between the variables were analysed by a two-way repeated measure analysis of variance.

Results:

The incidence of postextubation cough was significantly higher in Group C [17 (28.3%) (confidence interval {CI} = 17.4–41.4)] when compared to Group L [8 (13.3%) (CI = 5.9–24.6)], with P = 0.043. One patient in Group C had laryngospasm compared to none in Group L. In Group C, there was also a significant increase in heart rate at all time points (1–5 min after extubation) from the baseline, and this increase was also significantly higher when compared to Group L (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The incidence of postextubation cough was significantly lower with intracuff lignocaine compared to that with intracuff air in paediatric patients.
Effective concentration (EC50) of sevoflurane for intraocular pressure measurement in anaesthetised children with glaucoma: A dose-finding study
Authors: Ravichandran Elayavel , Goel Nitika , Ghai Babita , Saini Vikas , Kaushik Sushmita
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim:

Sevoflurane, a preferred anaesthetic for children, exhibits a dose-dependent reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP). However, consensus is lacking regarding optimal end-tidal sevoflurane concentration for safe IOP measurement. This study aimed to identify the concentration at which IOP measurement could be attempted without inducing movements in paediatric patients after inhalational induction.

Methods:

Two paediatric groups (1–12 months and 12–36 months) with glaucoma undergoing examination under anaesthesia were recruited. After induction with 8% sevoflurane and 100% oxygen, the first child had an end-tidal sevoflurane concentration maintained at 2% for 4 min, followed by IOP measurement. Success was defined as ‘no movement’, and subsequent concentrations (adjusted in 0.2% steps) were determined using the Dixon and Massey method based on the previous patient’s responses.

Results:

The study included 75 children. The effective concentration of sevoflurane causing ‘no movement’ during IOP measurement in 50% of the study population for successful IOP measurement was 1.98% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.63, 2.17, P = 0.017) for 1–12 months group and 0.55% (95% CI 0.39, 0.66, P = 0.002) for 12–36 months group. Probit regression analysis yielded effective concentration of sevoflurane causing ‘no movement’ during IOP measurement in 95% of the study population values of 2.47% (95% CI 2.24, 4.58, P = 0.017) for 1–12 months group and 0.94% (95% CI 0.78, 1.57, P = 0.002) for 12–36 months group.

Conclusion:

In paediatric patients, a higher end-tidal sevoflurane concentration of 2% is needed for IOP measurement in 1–12 months age group compared to 0.5% required in 12–36 months age group, achieving success in 50% of the study population.
Efficacy of pulsed radiofrequency on the suprascapular and axillary-circumflex nerve for shoulder pain: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Miñana José Miguel Esparza , Mazzinari Guido , Llopis-Calatayud Jose Emilio , Cerdá-Olmedo Germán
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims:

Painful shoulder is one of the most frequent consultation causes. Multiple treatments have been described to relieve pain, restore range of motion and improve functionality.

Methods:

This randomised clinical trial was conducted in 60 patients. The treatment group received combined pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) on suprascapular nerve (SN) and axillary-circumflex nerve (ACN). The control group received PRF on SN only. The primary outcome was pain intensity measured by the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). The secondary outcomes were the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), the Constant–Murley range of motion scale and Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scale. The patients were monitored at the baseline visit and at 1, 3, 6 and 9 months. A mixed ordinal regression model was estimated to evaluate the association between the study group and pain measured with NRS.

Results:

A global decrease in pain at the end of the study was noted. The global baseline NRS was 8.4, and the global final NRS at 9 months of follow-up was 6.2. Combined PRF on SN and ACN was not associated with lower NRS pain scores compared to single SN PRF [odds ratio (OR) =1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91–1.20, P = 0.507]. Secondary outcomes showed no significant differences: SPADI (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.92–1.18), Constant–Murley (OR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.90–1.14), DASH (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.92–1.17).

Conclusion:

Combined PRF applied to SN and ACN was not superior to PRF applied to SN alone.
Comparison between dexmedetomidine and lidocaine for attenuation of cough response during tracheal extubation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Purohit Aanchal , Kumar Mohan , Kumar Niraj , Bindra Ashish , Pathak Sharmishtha , Yadav Anuradha
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims:

Tracheal extubation often causes cardiovascular and airway responses, potentially resulting in hazardous consequences. It remains unknown whether dexmedetomidine or lidocaine is more effective for cough suppression. Hence, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials to compare the effectiveness and safety of dexmedetomidine and lidocaine in reducing cough response after tracheal extubation in adult patients.

Methods:

A thorough search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, was conducted to identify relevant studies (from inception to 31 January 2023). Randomised controlled trials comparing intravenous (IV) dexmedetomidine versus IV lidocaine administration during emergence from anaesthesia to prevent tracheal extubation response in adult patients under general anaesthesia were included. The primary outcome was the incidence of post-extubation cough. Secondary outcomes included emergence time, extubation time, residual sedation, and incidences of bradycardia. Statistical analysis was conducted using RevMan software. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to evaluate the potential risk for bias.

Results:

In total, seven studies with 450 participants were included. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of cough between dexmedetomidine and lidocaine groups [Risk Ratio = 0.76; 95% Confidence Interval: 0.46, 1.24]. Emergence and extubation times were not significantly different between the two groups. Meta-analysis revealed a higher incidence of bradycardia and residual sedation in dexmedetomidine compared to the lidocaine group.

Conclusion:

This meta-analysis found no difference in cough, emergence, and extubation time between dexmedetomidine and lidocaine after tracheal extubation. However, residual sedation and bradycardia were more significant in dexmedetomidine than in lidocaine.
Nerves in quadratus lumborum planes: A cadaveric study
Authors: Diwan Sandeep , Blanch Xavier S. , Nair Abhijit S.
Published: April 2024

Dermatomal analgesia achieved with quadratus lumborum blocks is site-dependent and inconsistent. Cadaveric and clinical studies reveal multiple mechanisms of action. We dissected six fresh human cadavers bilaterally and thoroughly studied their neurological linkages to the quadratus lumborum muscle (QLM) to identify neural structures and block targets. At the end of the investigation, only the subcostal nerve (anterolateral) and the ilioinguinal nerves were found near the QLM in all specimens. The iliohypogastric nerve was found in only two specimens. No further neural targets were found in the fascial planes before and posterior to the QLM.
Rooting out challenges: A comprehensive approach to exposed molar root coverage
Authors: Punj Anahita , Ramesh Amitha , Thomas Biju , Vasudevan Sanjay
Published: April 2024

Root coverage procedures are predictable but are often complicated by an inappropriate case selection. Root coverage is a challenge and limited cases have been reported in literature. The present report aims to highlight the successful coverage of exposed molar roots with coronally advanced flap and lateral pedicle graft to cover maxillary right first molar (16) and mandibular left first molar (36), respectively. When performing routine periodontal therapy. The root coverage and the periodontal therapy helped the patient get relieved of his complaint of dentinal hypersensitivity and breath malodor.
Treatment of furcation defects using various bone grafts and guided tissue regeneration membranes: A review on single-center institutional studies
Authors: Vandana Kharidhi Laxman , Aditya Vangara , Raj B.Srishti
Published: April 2024

Bone formation in class II furcation is least due to the morphology of the root in case of multirooted teeth performed by conventional procedure. Hence, various bone grafts with membranes have been tried in the current study to evaluate its efficacy by comparing test and control groups. This collection of research from a single center presents a bone graft and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane-based furcation therapy. Bio-Oss and Bio-Gide, PerioGlas and Atrisorb, Periobone G and Resolut XT, as well as PepGen P-15 and Atrisorb, were among the bone graft materials used, both with and without the GTR barrier. Patients were divided into four groups based on the periodontal regenerative materials used. A periodontal flap procedure was performed where periodontal intraosseous defect along with furcation defects were present. The results show that the bone formation in the furcation area was more with Group C (Periobone G and Resolut XT) as compared to the least amount of bone formation in Group A (Bio-Oss and Bio-Gide) in the test group, and this same group shows least bone formation in control. To conclude, clinical outcomes observed with the combined use of Atrisorb as a GTR barrier and PerioGlas as a bone graft material improved the clinical measurements of furcation defect depth compared to the use of PerioGlas alone.
Trichoscopy Features of Indonesian Males with Androgenetic Alopecia in Association with Disease Severity
Authors: Legiawati Lili , Suseno Lis Surachmiati , Sitohang Irma Bernadette S. , Yusharyahya Shannaz Nadia , Ardelia Athaya , Paramastri Kanya
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a progressive loss of terminal hairs in a specific pattern distribution related to androgen. The dermoscopy of hair and scalp, known as trichoscopy, is a noninvasive method for diagnosing alopecia and other hair and scalp disorders.

Objective:

This study aims to report the correlation between the severity of males with AGA based on Hamilton–Norwood’s scale with the clinical characteristics found in trichoscopy.

Materials and Methods:

This study included 40 patients aged 25–58 years who visited the dermatology outpatient clinic in a tertiary health facility in Indonesia. Clinical diagnosis was determined through history taking, physical examination, and trichoscopy. Based on Hamilton–Norwood’s criteria, patients were divided into two groups: early and late stage. Parameters examined in trichoscopy include yellow dots, white dots, peripilar sign, vellus hair, hair diameter diversity, single-hair follicles, and empty follicles. The Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to analyze the statistical significance between the groups.

Results:

All participants presented with hair diameter diversity, vellus hair, and empty follicles (100%). None of the study participants had yellow dots. White dots and single-hair follicles were seen in 32 (80%) and 30 cases (75%), respectively. In the late-stage group, these features were more prevalent. Peripilar sign was found in 25 participants (62.50%), and it was more common in the early-stage group. No significant association was found between disease severity and trichoscopy features.

Conclusion:

The most common trichoscopy findings in particular order were hair diameter diversity, vellus hair, and empty follicles, followed by white dots, single-hair follicles, and peripilar signs. No significant association between alopecia severity and trichoscopy parameters was observed. Studies with a larger number of participants, including a control group, should be conducted to yield more significant results.
Growth Factor Cocktail Including Fibroblast Growth Factor 9 (Cellcurin) in the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia in Men and Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Quirino Leonardo de Medeiros , Rocha Giovana Vilela
Published: April 2024

Objectives:

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of hair loss in men and women, affecting about 30% of men and 15% of women at 30 years and 80% and 48% at 70 years, respectively. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of growth factor cocktail therapy including fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) (Cellcurin) in men and women with AGA.

Materials and Methods:

This is a single-center randomized controlled trial, conducted with 10 men and 10 women with AGA. Eight men participated in the therapeutic group and two men in the control group. Eight women participated in the therapeutic group and two women in the control group. All were classified by sex, age, duration, and degrees of progression of AGA. The study obtained approval from the Research Ethics Committee (REC) of the Federal University of Uberlandia at approval number: 36918620.8.0000.5152. Six microneedling sessions were performed with an electromedical pen with an interval of 15 days between sessions. In the therapeutic group, sterile injectable Cellcurin was used and, in the control group, injectable sterile minoxidil 5 mg/ml 2 ml, both through the drug delivery system. Trichoscopic photos were taken before and after 12 weeks in the frontal and vertex regions. Descriptive statistics were performed using the t-test with the IBM SPSS-25 software.

Results:

Men and women showed an expressive and significant increase in the amount of hair per cm2 after Cellcurin therapy, as well as an increase in the amount of terminal hair, vellus hair, sum of the terminal hair diameters, and mean of the terminal hair diameters in both regions, frontal and vertex.

Conclusions:

In this study, we demonstrated that the use of Cellcurin in the treatment of AGA in men and women is associated with an increase in the amount of hair per cm2, in the amount of terminal hair per cm2, in the amount of vellus hair per cm2, in the number obtained by the sum of the terminal hair diameters per cm2, as well as an increase in the mean diameter of the terminal hairs.
A Rare Case of Focused Pulling Type of Trichotillomania Presenting as Dermatological Pathomimicry
Authors: Debata Ipsita , Behera Debasmita , Raj Chinmoy , Lachure Abhishek
Published: April 2024

Nonhealing ulcers are defined as spontaneous or traumatic lesions, unresponsive to initial therapy, or which persist despite appropriate care. Trichotillomania (TTM) is an impulse control disorder, where severe form may cause ulcer and scarring. After extensive research, we could not find any case showing the association of TTM with large-sized factitious ulcer. Hence, we report a rare case of 30 year old female presenting with TTM and large sized factitious ulcer.
A puzzling Presentation of Alopecia Areata: Sudden-Onset Whitening of Hair and its Spontaneous Resolution
Authors: Pehlivan Gizem , Ekinci Algün Polat , Sarı Şule Öztürk
Published: April 2024

A 39-year-old male presented with the complaint of sudden onset and progressive whitening of the scalp hair. The patient documented the situation by regularly taking selfies starting from the moment he noticed that his hair was starting to turn white. A diagnosis of alopecia areata involving pigmented hair was made with clinical, dermoscopic, histopathological, and immunofluorescence findings. Total regrowth of the pigmented hair was observed at 6 months follow-up without any systemic treatment.
Comparative efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy and interpersonal therapy in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Srivastava Kalpana , Chatterjee Kaushik , Prakash Jyoti , Yadav Arun , Chaudhury Suprakash
Published: April 2024

Background:

Depressive disorders are one of the most common psychiatric disorders that occur in people of all ages.

Aim:

To assess the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) in cases of depression.

Materials and Methods:

The sample for the study comprised 52 diagnosed cases of major depressive disorder (MDD) based on the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) criteria in the age range of 21 to 50 years. They were randomized with the help of the app and assigned to CBT and IPT groups. Two patients had dropped out of the CBT group. Hence, finally, 50 cases were taken for study. A total of 12 therapy sessions were given. All patients were given standard treatment as prescribed.

Results:

Findings of paired samples t-test to assess the within-group differences in both the groups (CBT and IPT) as well as gains score statistics or difference score statistics (pre-test minus post-test) were applied to compare group differences. Results of paired samples ‘t’ test suggest that there was a statistically significant difference in the scores of both the groups from pre-test to post-test. IPT group had shown significantly better outcomes as quantified by the percentage of patients scoring less on the outcome variable of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Hopelessness Scale, and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ).

Conclusion:

Both CBT and IPT are efficacious in the treatment of MDD. IPT yielded better results on MADRS as compared to CBT on parameters of outcome in the present study. The findings indicate that interventions were effective in reducing the symptoms of depression.
Ayurveda approach to a rare case of Alport syndrome: A case report
Authors: Mehar Kapil , Goswami Anupam , Tripathi Ankur , Bavalatti Narayan , Rajagopala Manjusha
Published: April 2024

Alport syndrome is a genetically inheritable condition occurring due to alterations in the alpha-5 chain of type 4 collagen. This affects the cochlea in the inner ear, the eyes, and the basement membrane in the glomerulus. The prevalence of the disease is 1 in 50,000, with a higher incidence among males. According to Ayurveda, defects in Shukra (sperm) or Shonita (ovum) lead to the development of Adi Bala Pravritta Rogas (genetic disorders). Ayurveda literature contains certain references to ocular, auricular, and renal manifestations of genetic disorders. In this case, a patient presented with complaints of gradual, progressive, painless vision impairment in both eyes over the last 5–6 years along with gradual impaired hearing over the past year. Ocular examination revealed bilateral anterior lenticonus. The tuning fork test suggested sensorineural hearing loss in both ears. Urine routine and bio-microscopic analysis showed hematuria. Currently, there is no viable cure for Alport syndrome in modern science. This case study highlights the potential of the Ayurvedic medical system to slow the progression of the disease and enhance the patient’s quality of life through a holistic approach.
Artificial intelligence in Ayurveda: Current concepts and prospects
Authors: Ranade Manjiri
Published: April 2024

Background:

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a powerful tool in health care, and its integration with Ayurveda, presents promising opportunities.

Aims:

This review aims to Explore AI’s role in enhancing Ayurvedic diagnosis, personalized treatments, and drug discovery, challenges related to AI integration in Ayurveda.

Methods and Materials:

A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies and articles on the integration of AI and Ayurveda. The search included databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and relevant journals. The collected data were analyzed to present a comprehensive overview of the topic.

Results:

AI algorithms analyze patient data to enhance accuracy in diagnosis. They can integrate genomic, lifestyle, and environmental data for precise Prakriti determination. AI can digitize traditional diagnostic tools for standardization, such as pulse and tongue examination. AI tailors personalized treatments based on an individual’s constitution and imbalances. AI accelerates the discovery of medicinal herbs and predicts herb-drug interactions. It formulates personalized herbal combinations, preserving traditional knowledge. AI-driven health monitoring provides personalized lifestyle recommendations based on Ayurvedic principles.

Conclusions:

The integration of AI into Ayurveda holds promise in transforming traditional medicine and health care. Collaboration between Ayurvedic practitioners, technology experts, and policymakers is essential to address challenges. The future prospects of AI in Ayurveda are bright, offering personalized treatments, preventive health care, and research advancements while preserving Ayurveda’s holistic essence.
An effect of one meal a day among the patients with Medo Dushti (dyslipidemia): a case series
Authors: Choudhary Anita , Chakole Bhagyashri , Yadav Ajay Kumar , Vyas Mahesh , Bhojani Meera K.
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Dyslipidemia poses a significant risk of cardiovascular diseases globally, often attributed to high cholesterol levels. Ayurveda correlates dyslipidemia with Medo Dushti, indicating that poor digestion and metabolism lead to excessive lipid accumulation. Ayurvedic texts, notably Acharya Charaka, advocate Ekaashana Bhojana (one meal a day) for promoting Sukha Parinama Karanam (easy digestion and assimilation) and improving metabolism.

Materials and Methods:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of “one-meal-a-day” practice on the management of dyslipidemia. Four patients were selected who strictly adhered to the regimen for 10 days. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were monitored before and after the intervention to assess its effectiveness.

Results:

Following the 10-day regimen, profound decreases in serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were observed in all participants. This suggests a notable improvement in management of dyslipidemia through “one meal a day” practice.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study highlight the efficacy of “one-meal-a-day” practice in managing dyslipidemia. By promoting improved digestion, assimilation, and metabolism, this Ayurvedic approach offers a promising avenue for reducing total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in patients with dyslipidemia. Further research with larger sample sizes and longer intervention durations is warranted to validate these results and establish the long-term benefits of this therapeutic approach.
Impact of Ayurveda-based lifestyle modification, diet, and panchakarma on the hemodynamic parameters in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Rohit, Sane , Rahul Mandole , Gurudatta Amin , Tejashree Jadhav , Prafull Yashwantrao , Snehal Dongre , Swapanil Srivastav , Vaibhav Singh
Published: April 2024

Background:

Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a medical problem with a growing prevalence that requires sophisticated management techniques. New management strategies for HF have constantly been called for by researchers, which has drawn our attention to Ayurveda, the traditional alternative medicine practiced extensively in India. One such treatment used to treat heart failure is Heart Failure Reversal Therapy (HFRT), which combines herbal therapies including Snehan, Swedan, Basti (per rectal drug administration), and Hridaydhara.

Objective:

The study is aimed to evaluate the effects of HFRT and Ayurveda Dinacharya on known chronic HFpEF patients.

Materials and Methods:

This observational study was conducted between May 2021 and October 2021, wherein patients (both genders) with HF (New York Heart Association, NYHA Class I, II, and III) having a left ventricular ejection fraction of more than 40 and aged between 18 and 60 years were identified. The effect of study therapy, HFRT, and Ayurveda Dinacharya over 7 days in 14 sittings was observed. A total of 73 patients with HFpEF underwent study therapy for 7 days. Data related to patient demographics on Cardiac Output (CO), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), Heart Rate (HR), Left Ventricular (LV), Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR), Systolic (SYS), End-diastolic volume (EDV), Ejection factor (EF), etc. were analyzed pre- and post-study.

Results:

There was a remarkable improvement in the mean values of SVR from day 1 to day 7. The mean value of SVR on day 1 was 2271.39 ± 509.66, and on day 7 was 1876.18 ± 315.21. Reduced SVR values mean the amount of LV force needed to open the aortic valve is also reduced. This causes more efficient pumping action in the left ventricle, reflected by increased CO and increased VO2 max, thus improving the quality of life.

Conclusion:

The HFRT therapy and Ayurveda Dinacharya for seven days demonstrated a significant change in the hemodynamics of HFpEF patients, thus improving the quality of life.
Imaging Role in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment Response Prediction Associated with High-grade Glioma
Authors: Heidari Maryam , Shokrani Parvaneh
Published: April 2024

Background:

Glioma is one of the most drug and radiation-resistant tumors. Gliomas suffer from inter- and intratumor heterogeneity which makes the outcome of similar treatment protocols vary from patient to patient. This article is aimed to overview the potential imaging markers for individual diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response prediction in malignant glioma. Furthermore, the correlation between imaging findings and biological and clinical information of glioma patients is reviewed.

Materials and Methods:

The search strategy in this study is to select related studies from scientific websites such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science published until 2022. It comprised a combination of keywords such as Biomarkers, Diagnosis, Prognosis, Imaging techniques, and malignant glioma, according to Medical Subject Headings.

Results:

Some imaging parameters that are effective in glioma management include: ADC, FA, Ktrans, regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), ve, Cho/NAA and lactate/lipid ratios, intratumoral uptake of 18F-FET (for diagnostic application), RD, ADC, ve, vp, Ktrans, CBFT1, rCBV, tumor blood flow, Cho/NAA, lactate/lipid, MI/Cho, uptakes of 18F-FET, 11C-MET, and 18F-FLT (for prognostic and predictive application). Cerebral blood volume and Ktrans are related to molecular markers such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Preoperative ADCmin value of GBM tumors is associated with O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status. 2-hydroxyglutarate metabolite and dynamic 18F-FDOPA positron emission tomography uptake are related to isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations.

Conclusion:

Parameters including ADC, RD, FA, rCBV, Ktrans, vp, and uptake of 18F-FET are useful for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response prediction in glioma. A significant correlation between molecular markers such as VEGF, MGMT, and IDH mutations with some diffusion and perfusion imaging parameters has been identified.
Unravelling the potential of synbiotics in ameliorating COVID-19 complications: A concise review
Authors: Oti Victor Baba , Adah Oluma Francis , Dzator Jemima , Omoloye Nana Aisha Yusuf , Kandagor Betty
Published: April 2024

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for innovative strategies to mitigate the severe complications associated with infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. Developing empirical studies posited that the gut microbiota play a key role in modulating the immune response and overall health. This review explores the potential of synbiotics, a combination of probiotics and prebiotics, as a promising therapeutic approach to ameliorate COVID-19 complications. We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature to assess the impact of synbiotics on key aspects of the pathogenesis of this disease. Several studies indicate that synbiotics can bolster the gut microbiome, enhance mucosal barrier function, and regulate the immune system. These effects may be particularly beneficial in COVID-19, where immune dysregulation and cytokine storm are implicated in severe disease. We discuss the mechanisms through which synbiotics influence the gut axis, modulating the immune response and potentially reducing the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome and other complications. Furthermore, synbiotics may help manage gastrointestinal symptoms often associated with COVID-19 and support the recovery of patients. While current research is promising, further clinical trials are needed to validate the safety and efficacy of synbiotics in the context of COVID-19. This review underscores the potential of synbiotics as an adjunctive therapy to conventional treatments for COVID-19, offering a novel and integrated approach to improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden of this health challenge worldwide.
Analysis of informed consent documents for compliance with ICMR guidelines for biomedical and health research
Authors: Chindhalore Chaitali Ashish , Dakhale Ganesh N. , Gajbhiye Snehalata V. , Gupta Ashish Vijay , Khapeka Shivam V.
Published: April 2024

Background:

Ethical conduct of research depends on the voluntary expression of consent and adequate disclosure of information about the research in informed consent documents (ICDs).

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to analyze ICDs of academic studies for compliance with National Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical and Health Research laid down by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and to determine the readability of ICDs using the Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level scale and Flesch reading-ease (FRE) score.

Methodology:

ICDs of academic research projects submitted during 2020–22 were retrieved from the IEC office and analyzed for compliance with ICMR 2017 guidelines. The readability of the documents was assessed by the Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level Scale and FRE score.

Results:

Among 177 protocols analyzed, the most common were epidemiological studies (36.72%), followed by diagnostic studies (28.81%). Vernacular translations of ICDs were present in significantly more studies in 2022 (χ
2 = 7.18, P = 0.02) as compared to 2020 and 2021. FREs score was 45.75 ± 10.76, and Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level was 8.67 ± 1.44. Content analysis of participant information sheet (PIS) revealed that significantly more PIS submitted in 2022 mentioned expected duration of participation (χ
2 = 6.95, P < 0.001), benefit to patient/community (χ
2 = 26.63, P < 0.001), disclosure of foreseeable risk or discomfort (χ
2 = 21.72, P < 0.001), payment for participation (χ
2 = 21.72, P < 0.001), and identity of research team and contact details (χ
2 = 18.58, P < 0.001). Compliance score was significantly better in 2022 as compared to 2020 and 2021.

Conclusion:

Gradually, ICDs became more compliant with ICMR guidelines. Still, there is scope for improvement in ICDs regarding content and readability so that patients can comprehend facts easily to make informed decisions in a real sense.
Evaluating large language models for selection of statistical test for research: A pilot study
Authors: Mondal Himel , Mondal Shaikat , Mittal Prabhat
Published: April 2024

Background:

In contemporary research, selecting the appropriate statistical test is a critical and often challenging step. The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has offered a promising avenue for automating this process, potentially enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of statistical test selection.

Aim:

This study aimed to assess the capability of freely available LLMs – OpenAI’s ChatGPT3.5, Google Bard, Microsoft Bing Chat, and Perplexity in recommending suitable statistical tests for research, comparing their recommendations with those made by human experts.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 27 case vignettes were prepared for common research models with a question asking suitable statistical tests. The cases were formulated from previously published literature and reviewed by a human expert for their accuracy of information. The LLMs were asked the question with the case vignettes and the process was repeated with paraphrased cases. The concordance (if exactly matching the answer key) and acceptance (when not exactly matching with answer key, but can be considered suitable) were evaluated between LLM’s recommendations and those of human experts.

Results:

Among the 27 case vignettes, ChatGPT3.5-suggested statistical test had 85.19% concordance and 100% acceptance; Bard experiment had 77.78% concordance and 96.3% acceptance; Microsoft Bing Chat had 96.3% concordance and 100% acceptance; and Perplexity had 85.19% concordance and 100% acceptance. The intra-class correction coefficient of average measure among the responses of LLMs was 0.728 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51–0.86), P < 0.0001. The test–retest reliability of ChatGPT was r = 0.71 (95% CI: 0.44–0.86), P < 0.0001, Bard was r = −0.22 (95% CI: −0.56–0.18), P = 0.26, Bing was r = −0.06 (95% CI: −0.44–0.33), P = 0.73, and Perplexity was r = 0.52 (95% CI: 0.16–0.75), P = 0.0059.

Conclusion:

The LLMs, namely, ChatGPT, Google Bard, Microsoft Bing, and Perplexity all showed >75% concordance in suggesting statistical tests for research case vignettes with all having acceptance of >95%. The LLMs had a moderate level of agreement among them. While not a complete replacement for human expertise, these models can serve as effective decision support systems, especially in scenarios where rapid test selection is essential.
Research on the Orientated Effective Components of Huangqi in Huangqi Jianzhong Tang Against Chronic Atrophic Gastritis Based on Multi-Spectrum–Effect Correlation
Authors: Wang Guo-Hong , Yang Long-Fei , Wang Shi-Wei , Liu Yue-Tao
Published: April 2024

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the orientated effective components of Astragali Radix Huangqi (HQ) in HQ Jianzhong Tang (HQJZ), a classical formula of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used for treating chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), using HQ as a monarch medicine.

Materials and Methods:

The spectra of HQJZ containing different polar parts of HQ were obtained using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Q-Exactive mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the efficacy of HQJZ, which contains different polar parts of HQ, in treating rats with CAG was evaluated using traditional pharmacodynamic and nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabonomics. Grey relation analysis and partial least squares analysis were applied to analyze the spectrum–effect relationship and to screen out the orientated effective components related to HQ in the treatment of CAG.

Results:

Spectrum–effect relationship analysis showed that 24 compounds identified from the fingerprint spectrum were strongly correlated with efficacy. Compounds 8 (calycosin-7-O-glc-6”- O-acetate), 9 (3-hydroxy-9, 10-dimethoxyptercarpan), and 22 (astragaloside II) were ranked among the top three.

Conclusions:

This study showed that integrating metabolomics and spectrum–effect relationship analysis is a powerful tool for obtaining orientated effective components of Chinese medicine in a given TCM formula.
Research on Wind Power Prediction Model Based on Random Forest and SVR
Authors: Wang Zehui , Chi Dianwei
Published: April 2024

Wind power generation is random and easily affected by external factors. In order to construct an effective prediction model based on wind power generation, a wind power prediction model based on principal component analysis (PCA) noise reduction, feature selection based on random forest model and support vector regression (SVR) algorithm is proposed. First, in the data preprocessing stage, PCA is used for sample data denoising; then the random forest model is used to calculate the importance evaluation value of each feature to optimize the selection of feature parameters; finally, The SVR algorithm is applied for training and prediction. Experiments show that the prediction effect of the model based on random forest and SVR is excellent, the root mean square error(RMSE) is 0.086, the average absolute percentage error(MAPE) is 23.47%, and the coefficient of determination(R2) is 0.991. Compared with the traditional SVR model, the root mean square error of the method proposed in this paper is reduced by 95.9%, and the prediction accuracy and the fit of the prediction curve are significantly improved.
A generalization of immanants based on partition algebra characters
Authors: Campbell John M.
Published: April 2024

We introduce a generalization of immanants of matrices, using partition algebra characters in place of symmetric group characters. We prove that our immanant-like function on square matrices, which we refer to as the recombinant, agrees with the usual definition for immanants for the special case whereby the vacillating tableaux associated with the irreducible characters correspond, according to the Bratteli diagram for partition algebra representations, to the integer partition shapes for symmetric group characters. In contrast to previously studied variants and generalizations of immanants, as in Temperley–Lieb immanants and f-immanants, the sum that we use to define recombinants is indexed by a full set of partition diagrams, as opposed to permutations.