bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional Polymer Nanocomposites by Gas Aggregation Cluster Source and Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Hartig Torge , Paulsen Joschka , Drewes Jonas , Mohamed Asmaa T. , Fattah Nasra F. Abdel , Hinrichs Cedric , Pohl Felix , Rehders Stefan , Aliyeva Ainura , Wieker Henning , Wiltfang Jörg , Veziroglu Salih , Loutfy Samah A , Aktas Oral Cenk , Vahl Alexander , Strunskus Thomas , Gülses Aydin , Amin Amal , Schröder Stefan , Faupel Franz
Published: February 2025

Functional metal‐polymer nanocomposites are required for highly tailored surface properties and coatings. However, past approaches like cosputtering, physical evaporation, or plasma polymerization can not retain the functionality of the polymer matrix or produce tailored nanoparticles. A new kind of codeposition of nanocomposite polymer thin films is presented via the combination of a gas aggregation cluster source (GAS) and initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) in a common GAS+iCVD vacuum system. iCVD delivers ultraprecise and defect‐free polymer thin films on the nanoscale while a GAS creates nanoparticles that form in the gas phase and can be tuned in size and composition. Using the GAS+iCVD system, nanocomposites of well‐defined Ag nanoparticles in a chemically intact PTFE polymer thin film are prepared. The deposited nanocomposite proved applicable in antibacterial applications by decreasing the colony‐forming units of Enterococcus faecalis by 38%. Antiviral SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike‐ACE‐2 binding inhibition reaches 65% of pure silver nanoparticles. The nanocomposite improves the apoptotic gene expression for liver cancer cells compared to pure thin films. This new kind of codeposition paves the way for the fabrication of functional nanocomposite thin films combining the advantages of the iCVD polymer palette with a large variety of nanoparticles that can be prepared by GAS.
Jun Porcelain‐Like Birefringent Supramolecular Film for Multiple Logic Data Storage
Authors: Wu Tongyue , Liao Peilong , Qi Jinwan , Gao Shuitao , Gu Ting , Huang Jianbin , Yan Yun
Published: February 2025

Information security is of predominant significance, while multiple logic information encryption techniques remain challenging. Here it is reported that upon coupling the unduplicable Jun Porcelain‐like birefringence and it enables polarized fluorescence with solid phase molecular self‐assembly(SPMSA), multiple logic information encryption can be achieved upon correctly applying UV light and polarizing angles. Since each birefringence is unique and can be transformed into a corresponding digital bar code, the multiple logic can be further encrypted with the assistance of a digital bar code bank, thus yielding the ultimate information security.
Vapor‐Phase Deposited High‐Performance Uncooled PbS Short‐Wave Infrared Photodetectors and Their Sensitization Dynamics
Authors: Zhang Xingchen , Ouyang Jun , Ran Xi , Lan Xinzheng
Published: February 2025

Infrared photodetectors based on polycrystalline PbS are very attractive in light of their low cost, high performance, and high‐temperature operation. However, the photoactive layers are often based on chemical bath deposition that limits their mass production. Meanwhile, the photosensitization dynamics are yet not fully understood. Here, high‐performance PbS photodetectors based on sputtering deposition and a study of the sensitization dynamics in a two‐step sensitization process based on oxidation and iodination are reported. The oxidation inhibits the subsequent iodination, which changes the iodination from diffusion control to surface reaction control and by extension favors the complete iodination of the whole PbS films in an optimized sensitization process. The iodination improved carrier lifetime by a combination of defection passivation, doping tuning, and the formation of a charge separation structure. The resultant PbS photodetectors show a specific detectivity ≈7.7 × 1010 Jones at a cutoff wavelength of 2.7 µm, on par with conventional uncooled PbS photodetectors. The application of PbS photodetectors in infrared imaging is finally successfully demonstrated. The development of vapor‐phase deposition and the deepened understanding of sensitization mechanism favor the application of high‐performance lead chalcogenide infrared photodetectors.
Self‐Sacrificial Template‐Induced Fabrication of Sustainable Diode‐Type Micro‐Junction toward Supercapacitors and Green H2 Evolution
Authors: Mohanty Upali Aparajita , Mohanty Ritik , Parida Kulamani
Published: February 2025

Energy conversion and storage are the key challenges in green chemistry that have garnered significant attention in recent decades. Heterostructure materials, with their unique interfaces, robust architectures, and synergistic effects, show great promise in enhancing energy conversion and storage capabilities. However, the intricate relationship between their structural properties and performance requires further investigation. This study introduces a novel diode‐type interfacial micro‐junction fabricated from FeCo‐based layered double hydroxide (LDH) using a self‐sacrificial template‐induced method. The micro‐junction structure significantly enhances the material's electronic properties, enabling efficient charge separation and ion transport. As a result, the material demonstrates remarkable performance in both photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and supercapacitor applications. Specifically, the optimized material exhibits superior specific capacitance (1814.14 F g−1 at 1 A g−1), high energy density (61.6 Wh kg−1), and excellent cycling stability (90.7% capacitance retention after 15 000 cycles) in coin cell supercapacitors. Additionally, the material's unique light‐harvesting capabilities and enhanced charge‐carrier dynamics make it a promising candidate for photocatalytic H2 evolution at a rate of 577.8 µmol h−1. This work not only advances the development of multifunctional materials for clean energy applications, but also opens new avenues for the design of high‐performance energy storage and conversion technologies.
Enabling Highly Recoverable and Efficient Nanosized Photocatalysts via Constructing Robust Submillimetric Patchy Particles
Authors: Jiang Zhudan , Huang Jiale , Cai Jingjin , Xiang Shanglin , Cai Dongyu
Published: February 2025

This work reports a class of packable composite catalysts in form of submillimetric patchy particles which demonstrate an excellent recyclability. Those patchy particles are simply constructed via the hydrothermal treatment of the dense slurry of hydroxylated ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and carbon nitride microtubes. These large‐sized particles can be directly packed into a tea bag made of 800 mesh nylon filter cloth. This kind of porous package allows the arrival of light on the particles and meanwhile significantly benefits the recovery of the photocatalysts from polluted water. Robust adhesion of tubular carbon nitride and UHMWPE powders is established via creating synergies between van der Waals force and hydrogen bonding for maintaining high degrading ability of these patchy particles even after 30 cycles.
Unraveling the Mechanisms of Lithium‐Alloy Plating in Ag–C Anode: In situ SEM Study
Authors: Kamikawa Y.
Published: February 2025

The Ag–C composite anodes facilitate stable LixAg deposition in solid‐state batteries. However, the role of carbon and the kinetics of lithium migration and deposition in the composite structure remain unclear. Few studies have focused on this critical research area owing to a shortage of effective, non‐destructive characterization methods that can directly observe the Li alloy deposition process in solid‐state batteries in real time. In this study, Li alloy formation on the Ag–C anode is investigated through operando X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy combined with in situ probing. This enables the observation of the composition and morphology of the LixAg alloy as it evolves within the Ag–C composite anode during discharge. Further insights from scanning transmission electron microscopy–electron energy loss spectroscopy and first‐principles simulations on lithiophilicity and the energy barrier for lithium migration reveal a complex lithium migration and deposition mechanism within the Ag–C anode.
Curcumin Modulates PTPRZ1 Activity and RNA m6A Modifications in Neuroinflammation‐Associated Microglial Response
Authors: Zhang Ninan , Lin Ruifan , Gao Wenya , Xu Honglin , Li Yuejia , Huang Xiahe , Wang Yingchun , Jing Xianghong , Meng Wenxiang , Xie Qi
Published: February 2025

Neuroinflammation is often characterized by an overactive microglial response. Curcumin, known for its anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties, can mitigate microglial hyperactivity following epileptic seizures. The study delves into the molecular mechanisms underlying curcumin's modulation of RNA post‐transcriptional N (6)‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification. It is found that curcumin interacts with the Z1‐type protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor (PTPRZ1), maintaining its enzymatic activity and thus regulating the phosphorylation of the m6A‐reader YTH domain‐containing family protein 2 (YTHDF2). This modulation affects the expression of critical genes, resulting in reduced inflammatory responses. These findings highlight the importance of post‐transcriptional modifications of RNA in the neuroprotective and anti‐inflammatory effects of curcumin, offering new insights for the treatment of related diseases.
3D‐AJP: Fabrication of Advanced Microarchitected Multimaterial Ceramic Structures via Binder‐Free and Auxiliary‐Free Aerosol Jet 3D Nanoprinting
Authors: Hu Chunshan , Jahan Sanjida , Yuan Bin , Panat Rahul
Published: February 2025

Manufacturing of ceramics is challenging due to their low toughness and high hardness. Additive Manufacturing (AM) has been explored to create complex ceramic structures, but current techniques face a tradeoff between precisely controlled feature sizes and high shrinkage at the microscales. Here, we introduce 3D‐AJP, a novel freeform ceramic fabrication method that enables highly complex microscale 3D ceramic architectures—such as micropillars, spirals, and lattices—with minimal shrinkage and no auxiliary support. Using a near‐binder‐free nanoparticle ink in an Aerosol Jet (AJ) 3D printer, our approach precisely controls feature sizes down to 20 µm with aspect ratios up to 30:1. The resulting structures exhibit exceptionally low linear shrinkage of 2‐6% upon sintering, spanning five orders of magnitude in length scale. Bi‐material 3D architectures (zinc oxide/zirconia, zinc oxide/titania, titania/zirconia) and hybrid ceramics further demonstrate the technique’s versatility. We showcase two key applications. First, 3D ceramic photocatalysts improve water purification performance, achieving a 400% increase in photocatalytic efficiency compared to bulk ceramics. Second, we develop a highly sensitive Her2 biomarker sensor for breast cancer detection, achieving a 22‐second response time and a record‐low detection limit of 0.0193 fm. Our technique will lead to high‐performance sensing, filtration, microelectronics packaging, catalysis, and tissue regeneration technologies.
Vitamin C‐Dependent Intergenerational Inheritance of Enhanced Endurance Performance Following Maternal Exercise
Authors: Shi Haiwang , Li Jie , Li Fan , Yu Haoyang , Zhang Fulong , Wu Tao , Yang Luodan , Li Yuecheng , Hu Rui , Chen Mengjie , SG Nina , Zhuang Xuhong , Feng Shu , Zhu Ling , Duan Rui
Published: February 2025

Declining levels of physical activity and fitness in children and youth are linked to negative health outcomes. This study investigates whether maternal exercise can enhance offspring's physical fitness. Our results demonstrate that maternal exercise improves offspring's endurance by changing muscle fiber composition and promoting mitochondrial biogenesis, with benefits lasting across generations. This improvement is associated with changes in DNA methylation, specifically the demethylation of the Slc23a2 gene, which codes for SVCT2, crucial for vitamin C (VC) transport, in F1 and F2 generations. Importantly, VC administration during pregnancy mimics the transgenerational benefits of exercise on offspring fitness, but these benefits are absent in genetic VC deficiency mice. VC supplementation increases TET2 expression in murine and human myogenic cells, regulating DNA methylation, promoting the development of oxidative fibers, and enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis. This study highlights the VC‐TET2‐SVCT2 pathway as a key mechanism for the transgenerational endurance benefits of maternal exercise, suggesting potential strategies to enhance maternal and child health.
Cell‐Type Specific Circuits in the Mammillary Body for Place and Object Recognition Memory
Authors: Li Lanfang , Guo Yiqing , Jing Wei , Tang Xiaomei , Zeng Jinyu , Hou Zhenye , Song Yige , He Aodi , Li Hao , Zhu Ling‐Qiang , Lu Youming , Li Xinyan
Published: February 2025

Mammillary body (MB) is traditionally viewed as a structural node of an anatomic circuit for emotion and memory. However, little is known about its molecular and cellular organizations. Here, a discovery that MB contains four subtypes of neurons that occupy different spatial subregions is reported. Of these, two subtypes of neurons are tagged by parvalbumin (PV) and dopamine receptor‐D2 (Drd2) markers. PV neurons are spontaneously active, whereas Drd2 neurons are inactive at rest and generate rebound bursts. These two distinct electrophysiological properties are encoded by Kcnn4 and Cacna1h. PV and Drd2 neurons generate two distinct cell‐type specific circuits by receiving inputs from two discrete subiculum neuronal classes. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function studies on these cortical‐subcortical circuits demonstrate their differential roles for place and object recognition memory. This finding provides a comprehensive molecular and structural atlas of MB neurons at single‐cell resolution and reveals that MB contains molecularly, structurally, and functionally dissociable streams within its serial architecture.
Nanoenhanced‐Cuproptosis Results From the Synergy of Calcium Overload and GSH Depletion with the Increasing of Intracellular Ca/Mn/Cu Ions
Authors: Liu Shiwei , Yan Wennan , Zhang Wenyue , Zhang Ji , Li Ziyi , Guo Yingshu , Chen Hong‐Yuan , Xu Jing‐Juan
Published: February 2025

Cuproptosis is a newly discovered copper‐dependent form of cell death. Intracellular glutathione (GSH) acts as a copper chelator to inhibit cuproptosis, so the reduction of GSH concentration is conducive to enhancing the cuproptosis of cells. In order to reduce GSH content and interfere with mitochondrial metabolism, a strategy based on calcium overload and GSH depletion to enhance cuproptosis is proposed in this study. Containing manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) elements, CaCO3 nanoparticles (NPs) are modified with MCF‐7 cell aptamer (CaCO3/Mn/Cu@lip‐Apt). When entering the cell, CaCO3/Mn/Cu@lip‐Apt decomposed and released Mn* (Mn2+/Mn3+/Mn4+), Cu2+ and Ca2+. The high valence Mn ion in Mn* can effectively consume GSH to produce Mn2+ which catalyzed H2O2 to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), while reducing the GSH concentration. The production of ROS promoted the influx of exogenous Ca2+. The large accumulation of Ca2+ led to intracellular calcium overload, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolism disorders. The depletion of GSH promoted the accumulation of Cu2+, which in turn triggered cuproptosis. This strategy showed excellent antitumor effects and provided a new way to study disease treatment.
Ternary Schottky Junction for Sonocatalytic Water Splitting in Gas‐Immunotherapy‐Mediated Cancer Treatment
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wang Qian , Pan Junjie , Du Jun , Yang Han , Wang Bingfeng , Li Yuhao , Miao Yuqing , Hou Xumin , Wu Jingxiang , Miao Qing
Published: February 2025

Hydrogen therapy has shown new potential in cancer treatment, particularly in high‐pressure and hypoxic areas, where it demonstrates the ability to alter the tumor microenvironment and regulate tumor metabolism. Hydrogen disrupts the mitochondrial function of cancer cells, interferes with their energy metabolism, and ultimately leads to energy depletion and apoptosis. In this study, a sonocatalyst (BPM), is designed to generate hydrogen and oxygen in situ within tumors, further enhancing the therapeutic efficacy. The mesocrystalline structure of BPM, composed of bismuth fluoride, polyoxometalates, and molybdenum carbide, significantly improves charge separation and electron transfer efficiency under ultrasound irradiation, resulting in an efficient water‐splitting reaction. By simultaneously generating hydrogen and oxygen within the tumor microenvironment and depleting glutathione, BPM effectively triggers oxidative stress and alleviates hypoxia, thereby disrupting mitochondrial function and inhibiting energy metabolism in cancer cells. Additionally, BPM enhances antitumor immune responses by promoting dendritic cell maturation, activating T lymphocytes, and polarizing macrophages toward the M1 phenotype, reversing the immunosuppressive state of the tumor microenvironment. The results indicate that BPM holds potential for gas‐immunotherapy combination treatments, offering a multifunctional strategy to improve cancer therapy outcomes.
A Novel tRF, HCETSR, Derived From tRNA‐Glu/TTC, Inhibits HCC Malignancy by Regulating the SPBTN1‐catenin Complex Axis
Authors: Rui Tao , Zhu Kangbei , Mao Zonglei , Wu Jiaping , Pan Yi , Ye Qianwei , Chen Cong , Xiang Aizhai , Guo Jufeng , Tang Ning , Zhang Jing , Zheng Shusen , Liu Jian , Xu Xiao
Published: February 2025

tRNA‐derived fragments (tRFs), a novel class of small non‐coding RNAs cleaved from transfer RNAs, have been implicated in tumor regulation. In this study, the role of a specific tRF, HCETSR is investigated, which is significantly downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and correlates with advanced tumor burden and higher HCC mortality. Functional analyses revealed that HCETSR inhibits HCC malignancy and serves as an independent predictor of poor prognosis. Mechanistically, a novel SPTBN1/catenin complex axis regulated by HCETSR is identified. HCETSR binds to a critical domain of SPTBN1, disrupting its interaction with the catenin complex (comprising β‐catenin, α‐catenin, and P120‐catenin), and facilitates the transfer of the catenin complex from the cell membrane to the nucleus. Specifically, HCETSR decreases the proteasomal degradation of β‐catenin and inhibits the synthesis of nascent β‐catenin. Furthermore, HCETSR suppresses the transcriptional activity of LEF1 through P120‐catenin rather than α‐catenin, thereby reducing β‐catenin's influence on LEF1 activity. It is demonstrated that HCETSR is spliced from tRNA‐Glu/TTC. The biogenesis of HCETSR and tRNA‐Glu/TTC is regulated by the spliceosome and Dicer1. In conclusion, These findings suggest that HCETSR, derived from tRNA‐Glu/TTC, inhibits HCC malignancy via modulation of the SPTBN1/catenin axis and may represent a promising prognostic marker and therapeutic strategy for HCC.
High‐Efficiency Water Collection of Superhydrophobic Condensation Absorber
Authors: Yan Defeng , Lin Junyi , Chen Yang , Yang Xiaolong , Lu Yao , Song Jinlong
Published: February 2025

The atmosphere contains ≈1.3 billion tons vapor that can be condensed to obtain water, which has the promise of alleviating the water crisis. However, condensed droplets are difficult to shed from the condensation surface that means a low surface refreshing frequency, showing the low water collection rate and efficiency. Here, this limitation is successfully overcome by proposing a novel superhydrophobic condensation absorber (SCA). All surfaces of the SCA are superhydrophobic but covered with a series of superhydrophilic through pores and superhydrophilic points which enabled the SCA with a rapid droplet nucleation capability. The whole condensation processes exhibit that the SCA has  the extremely small droplet shedding volume and the highly frequent surface refreshing, which are 0.00003 and 1.1× 106 times that of the existing water collection method, respectively. The water collection rate of SCA is superior than that of the existing water collection methods, reaching to 80 mg cm−2 h−1 at the subcooling temperature of only 10 °C. In addition, the collected water by this SCA is clean without any contaminant. This high‐efficiency and eco‐friendly water collection method will maximize the acquisition of clean water from atmosphere, which has a strong implication for the people suffering from the freshwater crisis.
In Situ Construction of IrOx Nanofilm on TiOx for Boosting Low‐Ir Catalysis in Practical PEM Electrolyze
Authors: Qin Yufeng , Huang Yixuan , Ye Qingqing , Wang Jiahao , Endo Morinobu , Dou Meiling , Wang Feng
Published: February 2025

Exploring low‐iridium (Ir) electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is exigent to promote the commercialization of proton electrolyte membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs). Herein, the study presents a scalable and facile strategy to in situ construct an IrOx nanofilm continuously coated on TiOx support as efficient and durable OER catalyst through one‐step annealing of Ir‐salt‐adsorbed titanium‐based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) precursor. The unique nanofilm structure forms a continuous p‐n junction interface, endowing a strong interfacial electron transfer from TiOx to IrOx and also ensuring a well‐connected conductive network in the anodic catalytic layer due to the continuous dispersion of IrOx. The optimal catalyst requires a low overpotential of 233 mV at 10 mA cm−2 with a 40‐fold of com. IrO2 in mass activity. The assembled PEMWE shows a cell voltage of 1.762 V at 1 A cm−2 with ≈220 h durable operation under start/shut‐down operation. Operando characterizations and theoretical calculation reveal that the p‐n junction not only reduces the energy barrier of water dissociation and deprotonation step of *OOH boosting OER kinetics but also prevents oxidation of Ir sites to form soluble Ir species that improves durability. This work offers a new avenue to rationally design and synthesize efficient low‐Ir OER catalyst for PEMWE application.
Optimizing groundnut sowing for minimizing dry spell risks over Rayalaseema, a rainfed region of India
Authors: Ashok Kumar K. , Malleswari S. N. , Sudheer K. V. S. , Bal Santanu Kumar , Manikandan N. , Subba Rao A. V. M. , Sarath Chandran M. A.
Published: February 2025

Groundnut productivity in rainfed regions of arid and semi‐arid agro‐ecosystems in southern India is highly vulnerable to intra‐seasonal rainfall variability as well as the timing, duration, frequency, and intensity of dry spells. The Rayalaseema semi‐arid region of India, a major groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)‐growing region, has experienced increasing intra‐seasonal rainfall variability, especially over the last few decades. To understand the impacts of dry spells on the growth and development of groundnut, field experiments on groundnut (cultivar K6) were conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, during 2015–2020. The results indicated that the amount and distribution of rainfall during different phenophases were the most influential parameters on dry matter production, phenology, and pod yield in groundnut and can have either a positive or negative effect depending on whether the rainfall matches the crop's water requirements during specific growth stages. It was found that, in July second fortnight (II‐FN) sown crop, the rainfall received was synchronized with pod initiation to maturity stage, resulting in higher dry matter production (456 g m−2) and pod yield (1123 kg ha−1). On the other hand, pod initiation‐pod maturity stage with August I‐FN sown crop received less rainfall, leading to a soil moisture deficit and lower pod yields (815 kg ha−1). The duration of pod initiation‐pod maturity stage with August I‐FN sown crop was significantly less (47 days) compared to July II‐FN (54 days) and July I‐FN (50 days) sown crops, resulting in reduced pod filling period that drastically affected pod yield. It can be concluded that the existing sowing time for groundnuts needs to be advanced from August I‐FN to July II‐FN. This will not only avoid terminal moisture stress during pod initiation‐pod maturity stage but also help in enhancing groundnut productivity in rainfed areas of Rayalaseema region.
Estimating hard winter wheat yield with historical and novel methods
Authors: Sciencia Maria C. M. , Creech Cody F. , Frels Katherine A. , Easterly Amanda C.
Published: February 2025

Estimating potential crop yield during the growing season allows growers to adjust inputs, set reasonable harvest expectations, and guide marketing decisions. Therefore, the ability to estimate yield is a valuable yet difficult goal for growers. To evaluate the potential of several methods of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield prediction, this experiment used published methods based on phenological characteristics: stand and tiller/spike counts, and newer methods that employ image‐ and reflectance‐based approaches, such as fractional green canopy cover (FGCC) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) readings. This experiment was conducted across six locations (Banner, Box Butte, Cheyenne, Intensively Managed at Cheyenne, Deuel, and Kimball counties) in western Nebraska during 2019–2020, 2020–2021, and 2021–2022 for a total of 11 site‐years. Treatments consisted of seven winter wheat varieties that were evaluated in the Winter Wheat State Variety Trials. Stand count did not show a significant correlation with wheat yield (0.09) nor model fit for yield estimation. Spike count was significantly correlated with yield (0.54), but efforts to use it to estimate final yield were not significant. Due to the inconsistency of yield prediction with historical methods, analyses of novel methods of yield estimation were warranted. NDVI and FGCC readings correlate with wheat yield and model fit efforts were successful. NDVI at Feekes 10 correlated significantly at 0.39, while FGCC had correlations of 0.56, 0.50, and 0.68 at Feekes 2, 4, and 10 (respectively). This experiment suggests that NDVI and FGCC are methods that could be used to replace outdated and laborious approaches.
Clinico‐Genomic Interrogation of Secondary‐Type Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Response and Outcomes to Contemporary Therapies
Authors: Senapati Jayastu , Loghavi Sanam , Marvin‐Peek Jennifer , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Kadia Tapan M. , Borthakur Gautam , Daver Naval , Short Nicholas J. , Jain Nitin , Issa Ghayas C. , Haddad Fadi , Hammond Danielle , Chien Kelly , Tang Guillin , Thakral Beenu , Montalban‐Bravo Guillermo , Pemmaraju Naveen , Bazinet Alexandre , Swaminathan Mahesh , Pierce Sherry , Abbas Hussein A. , Reville Patrick , Popat Uday , Shpall Elizabeth , Champlin Richard , Jabbour Elias , Ravandi Farhad , Kantarjian Hagop M. , DiNardo Courtney D.
Published: February 2025

Ontogeny of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) provides prognostic information, however closer interrogation with respect to AML characteristics, genomics, and various treatments are warranted. We defined untreated clinical secondary (CS) AML as AML with a diagnosis of antecedent myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or MDS/myeloproliferative neoplasm (MDS‐MPN) without exposure to hypomethylating agents or chemotherapy; genomic secondary (GS) AML included patients with myelodysplasia related cytogenetics (MRC) or myelodysplasia related mutations (MRM) without a known antecedent myeloid neoplasm or prior chemo‐radiotherapy for non‐myeloid neoplasms. Among newly diagnosed AML patients classified as untreated CS‐AML (n = 133) or GS‐AML (n = 389), median relapse‐free survival (RFS) (11.9 vs. 12.4 months, p = 0.36) and overall survival (OS) (11.6 vs. 14.4 months, p = 0.75) were similar. No difference in RFS and OS between these groups treated with low‐intensity therapy (LIT) and venetoclax regimens was seen, but both were inferior to de novo (DN) AML without secondary‐type genomics (pure DN‐AML). GS‐AML defined by the presence of only MRM had superior OS compared with MRM ± MRC with LIT+ venetoclax therapy (RFS 19.5 vs. 6.8 months [p < 0.01] and OS 29.6 vs. 8.4 [p < 0.01]) and had similar RFS (29.8 months, p = 0.48) and OS (32.0 months, p = 0.48) to pure DN‐AML treated with LIT+ venetoclax. On multivariate analysis in patients treated with LIT+ venetoclax, untreated CS‐AML (vs. GS‐AML), adverse cytogenetics and ELN 2024 adverse‐risk disease (mutated TP53) were associated with higher hazard of death. Adverse cytogenetics was the strongest prognostic variable predicting survival. Mutation‐driven genomic ontogeny of newly diagnosed AML with MRM appears less prognostic than cytogenetic‐driven ontogeny with venetoclax‐based therapy.
Base‐Promoted Construction of Benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐c][1,3]thiazinethiones via C−N/C−S Cyclization
Authors: Tran Quynh Nhu , Truong Thanh Ngoc , Pham Hong Ngoc , Phung Van Trung , Dao Pham Duy Quang
Published: February 2025

In this work, 2‐bromoaryl‐ and 2‐bromovinylbenzimidazoles reacted with carbon disulfide as building block in DMF in the presence of NaH to yield the corresponding benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐c][1,3]thiazinethiones. A proposed reaction pathway for this environmentally friendly process involves a nucleophilic addition followed by an unprecedented transition metal‐free cyclization to form C−N and C−S bonds.
Running the Risk: Road‐Crossing Behavior in Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in an Anthropogenic Habitat in Uganda
Authors: Tellier Marie , Druelle François , Cibot Marie , Baruzaliire Johnmary , Sabiiti Tom , McLennan Matthew R.
Published: February 2025

Recent research highlights the behavioral flexibility of wild chimpanzees in response to human‐induced changes in their environment, including agricultural and infrastructural development. The expansion of road networks threatens chimpanzee populations across Africa. Studying their road‐crossing behavior, especially outside protected areas where road impacts are greatest, helps identify factors influencing their choices and flexibility. This study seeks to gain a deeper understanding of how chimpanzees navigate busy roads and assess the danger posed by roads. Such insights are needed to develop effective conservation strategies in regions facing escalating human impact, including recommendations for the design and management of traffic on existing and future roads. Using a dataset of 129 video‐recorded road crossings spanning 38 months, we analyzed the behavioral adjustments of chimpanzees in Bulindi, Uganda, when crossing a recently paved, busy main road within their home range. Using generalized linear mixed models, we investigated chimpanzee risk perception, protective and cooperative behaviors, vigilance, and progression order during road crossings. We identified variations in their behavior according to age‐sex of individuals, group composition, and level of risk. We found that Bulindi chimpanzees exhibit behavioral strategies to reduce risks of collision or close encounters with humans on the road, as previously described. However, they were less vigilant than expected. We suggest that the chimpanzees have developed tolerance of the risks presented by the road, owing to their long history of crossing it before it was tarmacked and widened, and their familiarity with local people and motor traffic. Our results provide further evidence of the flexibility of wild chimpanzees. However, road crossings remain highly risky for large mammals like great apes, necessitating measures to mitigate the impact of road development on this and other endangered species (e.g. speed bumps, police enforcement, public awareness raising).
Polarized Intestinal Cell Membrane‐on‐Chip for Bacterial Toxin Interaction Studies
Authors: McCoy Reece , Treiber Jeremy , Malliaras George G. , Salleo Alberto , Owens Róisín M.
Published: February 2025

The virulence of a pathogen is tied to the successful interaction between the pathogen, or its toxins, and the host cell. Polarized epithelial cells, constituting highly specialized cell monolayers, possess apical and basolateral membrane regions with distinct functions and structural compositions. Preserving these intricacies in cell membrane‐on‐a‐chip platforms is important for retaining physiological relevance for investigating host–pathogen interactions. Consequently, a method for obtaining distinct populations of cell membrane vesicles representing the apical and basolateral membranes is presented here, in addition to the formation of their respective supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) on PEDOT:PSS conducting polymer electrodes. The apical localization of the A metalloprotease and disintegrin (ADAM10) receptor in Caco‐2 cells is shown to correlate with the increased response of the Staphylococcus aureus alpha hemolysin toxin on membrane‐on‐a‐chip platforms compared to the basolateral membrane model where the ADAM10 receptor is absent. The interaction between SLBs and the alpha hemolysin‐containing extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by S. aureus confirm the direct effect of toxin‐containing EVs on reducing the resistance of plasma membrane. This technique could find use in quantifying relative toxicity to the cell membrane, screening for cognate receptors and inhibitors, and probing toxin mechanism of action.
Universal Reagent for Mild and Stereospecific Nucleophilic Substitution of Alcohols with Amines
Authors: Bechara William S. , Sagamanova Irina K. , Thai‐Savard Léa , Dauphinais Maxime , Régnier Sophie , Noël Charlotte , Jarvis Scott B. D. , Charette André B.
Published: February 2025

A user‐friendly reagent for mild and general activation of alcohols towards bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) leveraging diverse nucleophiles, including primary and secondary amines is reported herein. The new ion‐paired reagent discovery was based upon the putative zwitterionic betaine intermediate of the Mitsunobu reaction and enabled the one‐step conversion of enantioenriched alcohols to valuable chiral C−X bonds (where X=N, C, S, O or halide). The described activating reagent has also been applied to a one‐step methylation reaction using methanol and to an intermolecular amination/intramolecular cyclization sequence that generates heterocycles, such as tetrahydroisoquinolines. This work provides the first evidence by X‐ray crystallography of a protonated betaine as intermediate in the Mitsunobu reaction.
Lactate‐Modulating Nanozyme‐Mediated Mitochondrial Respiration Block for Tumor Immunosuppression Remodeling
Authors: Zhao Senfeng , Hou Jianing , Deng Liu , Qi Ziyu , Tao Na , Ruan Wenjie , Zheng Jia , Wang Wei , Xu Qianqian , Saiding Qimanguli , Kong Na , Liu You‐Nian , Tao Wei
Published: February 2025

Abnormal lactate metabolism in tumor cells leads to immune escape in the tumor microenvironment. Intervening in specific lactate metabolic pathways while blocking downstream pyruvate influx holds great promise for overcoming conventional lactate‐targeted therapy limitations such as short half‐life, insufficient lactate consumption, and pathological microenvironment elasticity. Herein, a nanocatalytic medicine based on carbondoping engineered copper nitride enzyme (Cu3N−C NE) with enhanced lactate oxidase (LOX) activity was carefully designed. Computational results revealed that the introduction of C favors activation of the hydroxyalkyl C−H bond in lactate by the polarization of adjacent hydroxyl groups, correspondingly facilitating the abstraction of hydrogen atoms from the desired α‐C−H and α‐C−O−H groups in lactate via the hydrogen atom‐transfer (HAT) process. The Cu3N−C NEs could downregulate lactate levels in tumor cells for robust remodeling of the immunosuppressive microenvironment and further block as‐generated pyruvate to influx into the mitochondrial respiration, achieving lactate homeostasis reprogramming. Our study provides a proof‐of‐concept design of next‐generation lactate‐modulation nanomedicine via heteroatom‐doping and evolution with the additional potential to expedite the industrial production of lactate to pyruvate.
Porphyrin‐Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for CO2 Photo/Electro‐Reduction
Authors: Sun Tingting , Wang Zhi , Wang Yuhui , Xu Qingmei , Wang Kang , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: February 2025

Photo/electro‐catalytic CO2 reduction into high‐value products are promising strategies for addressing both environmental problems and energy crisis. Duo to their advantageous visible light absorption ability, adjustable optic/electronic properties, definite active center, post‐modification capability, and excellent stability, porphyrin‐based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as attractive photo/electro‐catalysts towards CO2 reduction. In this review, the research progress of the porphyrin‐based COFs for photo/electro‐catalytic CO2 reduction is summarized including the design principles, catalytic performance, and reaction mechanism. In addition, this review also presents some challenges and prospects for the application of porphyrin‐based COFs in photo/electro‐catalytic CO2 reduction, laying the base for both fundamental research and application efforts.
Urea Complete Conversion to Compound Fertilizer in Industrial‐Scale Tandem Reactors
Authors: Hu Jun , Li Shan‐Qing , Gao Xintong , Zhang Fei , Yuan Zhi‐Xiang , Wu Tong , Jin Qing‐Feng , Chen Ping , Zheng Yao , Qiao Shi‐Zhang
Published: February 2025

A compound fertilizer with NH4H2PO4 and KH2PO4 offer significant advantages in enhancing both crop yield and quality. Ammonia (NH3) is essential for the synthesis of the compound fertilizer, which was produced by an energy intensive chemical process. Developing efficient and environmental friendly methods to produce ammonia‐containing compound fertilizers is crucial and extremely challenging. Here, we present a tandem catalysis system capable of achieving complete conversion of abundant urea into compound fertilizer in industrial‐scale reactors by combining electrochemical and subsequent chemical processes. In a typical cycle, with the use of 200 g urea, 1580 g of solid compound fertilizer (KH2PO4 and NH4H2PO4) and 232 L of pure H2 are produced without any further separation process. The key to the realization of this system is to precisely control the rate of urea consumption and NO2− formation in electrochemical process. By maintaining a precise molar concentration ratio of urea to NO2− at 1/2 in electrolyte, urea can completely react with NO2− to form N2, while CNO− can be converted into NH4+ to form compound fertilizer in the second step of H3PO4 treatment, achieving complete conversion of urea without by‐products formation. This method remarkably reduces H2 production potential while allowing for extraction of ammonia from urea‐containing wastewater or urine to create pure compound fertilizer at an anticipated lower price than that of current market.
Three‐Dimensional Metal–Organic Frameworks with Selectively Activated Aromatic Rings for High‐Capacity and High‐Rate Lithium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Li Sha , Lin Jiande , Wang Huiqun , Zhou Shiyuan , Guo Xiangyang , Zhan Xiao , Tao Hongwei , Hu Haitao , He Zhengyou , Liao Honggang , Zhan Dongping , Zhang Li
Published: February 2025

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered promising candidates for anode materials in Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their designable structure, abundant active sites, and well‐organized porosity. However, the structural factors governing active site utilization and Li‐ion storage kinetics remain inadequately understood. In particular, the Li‐ion storage behaviors of aromatic rings with high LUMO energy levels and situated in varying chemical environments remain a highly debated issue. Herein, a new cobalt‐based MOF (Co‐NTTA, NTTA ligand: 5,5′,5′′‐((4,4′,4′′‐nitrilotris (benzoyl)) tris‐(azanediyl)) triisophthalic acid), featuring aromatic rings situated in diverse local environments, is deliberately designed and synthesized. Experimental characterizations and first‐principles calculations have verified the occurrence of a reversible electrochemical reaction involving a total of 51 electrons among the NTTA ligands, cobalt cations, and Li+ ions. Unlike the traditional concept of superlithiation, the three inner aromatic rings are selectively activated by π‐aromatic conjugation networks and π
π stacking, contributing to a reversible 6‐electron pseudocapacitive Li+ intercalation reaction. Conversely, the three outer aromatic rings remain inert toward Li+ ions. Impressively, the Co‐NTTA MOF anode, with selectively activated aromatic rings, delivers a reversible capacity of up to 956 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 and demonstrates exceptional high‐rate durability, further supporting a 4.3 V lithium‐ion hybrid electrochemical capacitor with high energy/power density.
A Wide Band Gap Germanate with the Largest Second Harmonic Generation Response Created by Hypoxic Strategy
Authors: Song Qi‐Chang , Hu Chun‐Li , Kong Fang , Mao Jiang‐Gao
Published: February 2025

Nonlinear optical material is one of the core components for modern laser equipment. The second harmonic generation (SHG) intensity and optical band gap are two key indicators of such materials. Herein, a wide band gap germanate, Li3(OH)PbGeO4, with the largest SHG intensity has been created successfully by hypoxic strategy via traditional hydrothermal reactions. The cations in this structure all coordinate with oxygen anions at their lowest coordination number, forming polar PbO3 triangular pyramid and noncentrosymmetric GeO4, LiO4 tetrahedrons. Li3(OH)PbGeO4 exhibits a remarkable SHG response of about 27×KH2PO4 (KDP), 54 % higher than the previous record. The band gap of Li3(OH)PbGeO4 can reach to 3.74 eV, exceeding most inorganic germanates with SHG intensity larger than 3×KDP. Structural analysis and PAWED calculations indicate that its strong SHG response is due to the synergistic effects from PbO3, GeO4 and LiO4 groups. Furthermore, Li3(OH)PbGeO4 can also present compelling broadband white‐light emission with a high color‐rendering index of up to 93. Our work not only breaks the record of SHG intensity in germanates but also provides an effective strategy in exploring new inorganic optical functional crystals.
Boosting Li−CO2 Battery Performance via High‐Entropy Alloy Catalysts: Insights into Configurational Entropy Effect
Authors: Wen Zhang , Mu Xiaowei , Sun Xinyi , Xu Zhenming , Zheng Mingbo , Zhou Haoshen , He Ping
Published: February 2025

Li−CO2 batteries have attracted considerable attention for their ability to combine CO2 fixation and conversion with high‐density energy storage. However, sluggish kinetics of CO2 reduction and evolution reactions at cathodes lead to large overpotentials and poor cyclic stability. To address this issue, it is critical to develop advanced cathode catalysts. High‐entropy alloys (HEAs), a new class of catalysts, have exhibited exceptional catalytic activities in various electrochemical reactions. Nevertheless, the intrinsic relationship between mix configurational entropy (▵Smix) and catalytic properties of HEAs remains unclear. Herein, we prepared a series of quinary FeCoNiCuRu alloys with different ▵Smix values supported on carbon nanofibers as cathode catalysts in Li−CO2 batteries. Experimental and computational results reveal a positive correlation between ▵Smix and catalytic activity, attributed to charge redistribution among elements with different electronegativities. The Li−CO2 battery using the alloy catalyst with the maximum ▵Smix value delivers the largest capacity of 6160 mAh g−1, the lowest charge potential plateau below 4.0 V, and remarkable cycling stability (550 cycles/5500 h), surpassing most reported Ru‐based catalysts. Furthermore, fabrication of pouch cells with low noble metal loading demonstrates the practical potential of HEAs for Li−CO2 batteries. This work provides insights into high‐entropy engineering for advanced electrocatalysts in Li−CO2 batteries.
Defect Imide Double Antiperovskites AE5AsPn(NH)2 (AE = Ca, Sr; Pn = Sb, Bi) as Potential Solar Cell Absorber Materials
Authors: Chau Thanh G. , Han Dan , Wolf Florian , Rudel Stefan S. , Yao Yuxuan , Oberhofer Harald , Bein Thomas , Ebert Hubert , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: February 2025

An abundance of oxide, halide and chalcogenide perovskites have been explored, demonstrating outstanding properties, while the emerged nitride perovskites are extremely rare due to their challenging synthesis requirements. By inverting the ion type in the perovskite structure, the corresponding antiperovskite structure is obtained. Among them, ternary antiperovskite nitrides X3AN (X = Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg; A = As, Sb) have recently been identified as exhibiting excellent optoelectronic properties. To explore the unrealized composition space of nitride perovskites, the ammonothermal method was applied, yielding three new layered quaternary imide‐based defect‐antiperovskites, namely AE5AsPn(NH)2 (AE = Ca, Sr; Pn = Sb, Bi). These new compounds feature distorted square‐pyramidal coordination around the imide‐group (Ca5NH). Layers with Ca2+ vacancies are found with an alternating As3− and Pn3− (Pn3− = Sb3−, Bi3−) coordination along the A‐site, forming a two‐dimensional (2D) structure. All three AE5AsPn(NH)2 compounds show suitable direct band gaps within the visible light spectrum. Density functional theory calculations reveal favorable band dispersion, as well as transport and optical properties, especially along the out‐of‐plane direction, demonstrating their 3D character of electronic transport. The narrow tunable direct band gaps and favorable charge carrier properties make AE5AsPn(NH)2 promising candidates for solar cell absorber materials.
Spin State Regulation for Peroxide Activation: Fundamental Insights and Regulation Mechanisms
Authors: Jiang Zicong , Tong Kangbo , Li Zhi , Tao Hengcong , Zhu Mingshan
Published: February 2025

Peroxides are widely used in environmental applications due to their strong oxidizing properties, however, traditional activation methods often face challenges such as uncontrolled reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and high energy barriers. Recent advancements in spin state regulation provide a promising alternative to enhance the efficiency of peroxide activation. This review provides an overview of spin fundamentals and discusses the key factors affecting spin state in catalytic materials, including crystal field configuration, ligand environment, and valence changes. Subsequently, the role of electron spin state in peroxide activation is comprehensively analyzed, with a focus on how spin state regulation can tune adsorption energy, lower energy barriers, facilitate electron transfer between transition metals and peroxides, and promote selective ROS generation. Finally, this review briefly outlines the practical applications of peroxide activation in water treatment and concludes with a summary and perspectives on future research directions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on the role of spin state regulation in advancing peroxide activation strategies.