Abstract 6568: PTCH1 loss-of-function alterations: Mutational landscape and therapeutic outcomes to hedgehog pathway inhibitors in non-canonical histologies
Authors: Desilets Antoine , Repetto Matteo , Yang Soo Ryum , Chen Monica , Liu Dazhi , Rizvi Nikhil , Rosen Ezra , Ho Alan L. , Drilon Alexander , Murciano-Goroff Yonina R. 
Published: March 2024

Background: Loss-of-function (LOF) alterations of the PTCH1 tumor suppressor gene represent canonical events involved in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) oncogenesis. Hedgehog pathway inhibitors (HPIs) are approved for the treatment of advanced BCC, but genomic characterization and therapeutic outcomes remain limited in tumor agnostic cohorts.

Methods: Using the MSK Clinical Sequencing Cohort, we performed a mutational landscape analysis of PTCH1 LOF alterations in non-BCC histologies, including Fraction and Allele-Specific Copy Number Estimates from Tumor Sequencing (FACETS) annotation, and analyzed response and progression-free survival (PFS) with HPIs.

Results: Out of 115,619 samples, 1972 samples from advanced solid tumors with PTCH1 LOF alterations were identified. Excluding 1306 variants of unknown significance (VUSs) using OncoKB knowledge base as well as 44 BCC samples, a total of 622 samples from 570 patients with oncogenic PTCH1 alterations were identified across histologies. In addition, 124 patients received ≥1 line(s) of HPI at our institution between 2013 and 2023, including 16 patients with non-BCC histologies presenting PTCH1 alterations. At the patient level (n=570), PTCH1 LOF alterations were present across 33 primary sites, including colorectal cancer (CRC; 34%; n=192), endometrial cancer (17%; n=98), gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas (ADC) (8%; n=46), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; 6%; n=34) and soft tissue sarcomas (STS; 4%; n=25). At the sample level (n=622), TMB ≥10 was seen in 83% (n=516), including 324 samples with MSI-high status. PTCH1 alterations most frequently involved frameshift (fs) indels (69%; n=429), followed by nonsense mutations (18%; n=114), splice site mutations (8%; n=47) and fusions (5%; n=32). Recurrent fs events involved S1203Afs*52 (24%; n=150) and R1308Efs*64 (14%; n=89), among others. When comparing monoallelic (monoall) vs biallelic (biall) PTCH1 alterations through FACETS annotation, monoall showed a strong association with higher TMB (p&lt;0.01) whereas biall were associated with higher loss of heterozygosity (LOH; p&lt;0.01). In the 16 non-BCC patients treated with HPIs, histologies included lung squamous cell cancer (SCC; n=4), cutaneous SCC (n=2), medulloblastoma (n=2), carcinosarcoma (n=2), osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, chordoma, sebaceous ADC, anal SCC and CRC (each n=1). TMB ≥10 was seen in 31% (n=5), all of which were MSI-low. Tumor regressions on HPI were seen in 50% (n=8), including lung SCC, cutaneous SCC, sebaceous ADC and medulloblastoma, with median time to response of 3.6 months (mo). Median PFS on HPI was 3.9 mo and median OS was 22.7 mo. Median PFS was higher in patients with TMB ≥10 vs TMB &lt;10 (11.8 vs. 1.8 mo, p=0.02).

Conclusion: PTCH1 LOF alterations appear actionable in non-BCC cutaneous/adnexal primaries, lung SCC and medulloblastoma, including TMB-high tumors.

Citation Format: Antoine Desilets, Matteo Repetto, Soo Ryum Yang, Monica Chen, Dazhi Liu, Nikhil Rizvi, Ezra Rosen, Alan L. Ho, Alexander Drilon, Yonina R. Murciano-Goroff. PTCH1 loss-of-function alterations: Mutational landscape and therapeutic outcomes to hedgehog pathway inhibitors in non-canonical histologies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 6568.