bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of phytoredomedia methods in water disposal
Authors: Okrut S , Stukalo V , Gudiev O , Loshakov A , Komarov V
Published: November 2020

The paper reflects the results obtained from the studies on hydro-botanical wastewater facilities conducted to treat waste-water at the sewage facilities located in the Andropovsky District of the Stavropol Region and intended for biological treatment of industrial and domestic waste-water. As a result of the studies within 2016–2018, it was found that during the exploitation time the content indicators of ammonium nitrogen and iron have decreased by 3 times, oil products and nitrates by 2 times, nitrites by 6.4 times, and phosphates by 8.5 times. The pH indicator reached the standard, which is important enough for water inlets since low pH without cleaning is destructive for most bio-organisms in aquatic ecosystems. The analysis of the hydrochemical indicators at the outlet in the water intake facility allows coming to a positive conclusion about the possibility of using phytoremediation methods for production and domestic waste-waters.
Application of the modified heavy dye pyrolysis resin as a binding component for the production of anode mass in the production of aluminum
Authors: Doshlov I O , Kondrat’ev V V , Goryashin N A
Published: November 2020

The main environmental problems of non-ferrous metallurgy in Russia and possible solutions are considered. Summarized and analyzed the results of work aimed at creating a technology for producing the anode mass corresponding to regulatory and technical requirements and with improved environmental properties. The effect of the modified heavy pyrolysis resin on the environmental characteristics and performance of the anode mass was studied. Practical recommendations on the use of modified pyrolysis resin as a modifying additive to oil pitch are made.
Influence of the Vilyui hydropower plant on the regime of the Vilyui river
Authors: Nogovitsyn D D , Sheina Z M , Sergeeva L P
Published: November 2020

Based on the analysis and comparison of the Vilyui river regime in the natural and regulated state, the article reveals the features of changes in the annual distribution of runoff, level and ice regimes and the regime of solid runoff. To assess the consequences of the impact of large hydroelectric power stations in the Far North, comprehensive studies of the Vilyui river basin were conducted. Vilyui hydroelectric station is the first hydroelectric power station in the permafrost zone. The reservoir is completely located within the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Despite the low level of development of water resources in the Far East, the prospects for the construction of traditional hydropower plants remain. The hydropower potential of the republic is estimated at 283 billion kWh, which is 66 % of the total hydropower potential of the Far East region. The construction and operation of hydropower plants on rivers leads to fundamental changes in the natural conditions of the river. The results of the study show that flow regulation by large reservoirs is the main factor of anthropogenic disturbances in the flow volume and water regime of the Arctic rivers. To date, the diverse effects of river regime changes after the construction of a hydroelectric power station on the territory of permafrost are not fully considered in either design or prospective planned developments. The importance of accounting and studying the consequences of flow regulation can be judged by the complex economic problems that arose after the construction of hydropower facilities in the European part of Russia. In this regard, a comprehensive study of changes in environmental conditions in the territory of permafrost distribution after regulation of river flow by large reservoirs is one of the most important tasks.
Technology of preparation of natural waters for irrigation
Authors: Bocharnikova O V , Denisova M A , Bocharnikov V S
Published: November 2020

Research and search for the most effective and cost-efficient ways of water treatments is relevant today. We propose the use of a natural sorbent as a filter load of a sorption filter for the preparation of natural water for irrigation of crops. The object of study is the water of the Volga River in the Volgograd region. In this work, we propose the use of a sorption filter for purification of natural water, where natural zeolite will be used as a filter load. Before the experiment, a chemical analysis was performed to determine the contaminants in the water and their concentrations. The fractions of zeolite were selected using fractional sieves. Based on the results of sedimentation, the optimal fraction of natural zeolite in terms of absorption properties and contact time with the studied water was selected. Based on the results, the statistical processing of the experimental data was performed and the dependences presented in the form as a power model were obtained. Thus, on the basis of the conducted studies, it can be concluded that it is advisable to use a sorption filter with a zeolite filter load for the preparation of natural waters to be used in irrigation.
Wastewater from production of oxide-ruthenium titanium anodes as a raw material for TiO2, NaOH and HCl production
Authors: Bykovsky N A , Kantor E A , Malkova M A , Puchkova L N , Fanakova T S
Published: November 2020

The article presents the results of studies of the waste acid pickling solution processing (WAPS) formed during the etching of titanium products with hydrochloric acid. The processing includes the neutralization of WAPS with alkali, filtering, drying and calcining a precipitate of titanium hydroxide and electrochemical processing of the filtrate containing sodium chloride in an electrolytic cell with ion-exchange membranes. In the electrolysis process, sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid are obtained. The proposed WAPS processing scheme makes it possible to obtain titanium dioxide, sodium hydroxide, and hydrochloric acid. Titanium dioxide can be used in the paint industry. Alkali can be used in the process of neutralizing WAPS. After adjustment, hydrochloric acid is suitable for use in the etching process of titanium products.
Geoecological trends of natural and anthropogenic transformation of soils of Vyatka Ridge in the Holocene
Authors: Golyeva A A , Prokashev A M
Published: November 2020

The paper presents the morpho-analytical characteristic of the sod-podzolic soil section with the second humus horizon (SHH) located in the contact zone of the southern taiga and mixed forests of the east of the Russian Plain (Kirov region, Russia). The SHH is 17-25 cm deep from the surface, has darker color and is substantially different in many properties from the overlying humus horizon of modern soil. A retrospective analysis of spontaneous and technogenic history of modern landscapes of the research region and its soil cover was carried out based on the triune provision on soil as a focus, a mirror and memory of the landscape supported by analytical methods. It was shown that over the past 7,000 years, under conditions of retarded biocirculation, a number of properties and features of the early Holocene biocenoses have been partially preserved in modern soils, starting from the depth of 17 cm. Soil farming can fundamentally change the properties of polygenetic soils with SHH, thus making tem almost fully losing their retrospective and prognostic functions.
Sources assessment of heavy metals inflow in the Pestovo water storage reservoir
Authors: Suslov S V , Gruzdev V S , Khrustaleva M A , Boitsenyuc L I , Hohlova L I
Published: November 2020

One of the most important water quality indicators is the heavy metals content. Heavy metals (HMs) are one of the top pollutants in the list because even very small concentrations of them are highly toxic. The peculiarity of HMs as pollutants is also that there is practically no bio-degradation for them – they only move from one natural reservoir to another, interacting with living organisms and leaving traces of this interaction. Moving from one link of the trophic chain of ecosystems to another, they gradually concentrate in the master links of food chains, as well as in bottom deposits (BD). In particular, HMs can take a long time to gain a foothold in the root stalks of perennial aquatic plants. Excess of their content over the background values in the conditions of the Moscow region is a purely anthropogenic factor. Sources of environmental input can be any activity types: industry, agriculture, motor transport. However, the analysis of the heavy metals input in territories differently located about heat power engineering and oil refining facilities, allows us to assert that the main source is emissions through high pipes of enterprises of ash residues, while there are multiple exceedances of MAC in soils and surface waters, close to the pollution source. As you move away from the pollution sources, the content of HMs in snow, water, soil, and bottom deposits decreases significantly and tends to change over the years, which is associated with changes in the air-mass transport within the region.
Energy resources of the world ocean ecosystem: study and problems
Authors: Lukianova T S , Shirokov R S , Shirokova V A , Khutorova A O
Published: November 2020

The paper discusses the traditional components of the nature of the World ocean. Their participation in the formation of living matter in the conditions of hydrospheric, atmospheric, and lithospheric changes in the ocean. It is pointed out that it is necessary to further study the energy properties of the ecosystem, as Vernadsky V.I. repeatedly wrote in his works. The most important results of modem studies of the ocean should include the development of oceanic doctrine of Russia for the period until 2020, the formation of Marine College under the Government of the Russian Federation (2004) and the written concept of scientific research of the nature of the world’s oceans as a whole by the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Influence of ecological factors on pyrrolizidine alkaloids accumulation
Authors: Tamakhina A Ya , Akhkubekova A A , Dzakhmisheva I Sh , Kantsalieva Z L , Gadieva A A
Published: November 2020

The article gives results of estimating alkaloids accumulation in the aboveground and underground plant components of family Boraginaceae (Symphytum asperum Lepech., S. caucasicum M. Bieb., Echium vulgare L., Pulmonaria mollis Wulfen ex Hornem.) depending on the ecological conditions of their habitat. Alkaloids content in the aboveground phytomass decreases in the row S. asperum > S. caucasicum > E. vulgare, and in the underground one – S. caucasicum > S. asperum > E. vulgare > P. mollis. At the end of vegetation there is an increase in alkaloids accumulation in roots and decrease in stems and leaves. Rise in air temperature and decrease in precipitation increases alkaloids accumulation in roots and scions. The level of correlation between alkaloids accumulation and microelements content in soil varies from high (Cu, Zn, Mo) to mean (Mn, Pb). The revealed regularities are recommended to discover cenopopulations of S. caucasicum, S. asperum, E. vulgare and P. mollis with maximal accumulation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids or the forecast of their accumulation in certain sections.
Tree-shrub species promising for protective afforestation and planting in the Volgograd region
Authors: Solomentseva A S , Kolmukidi S V , Lebed N I , Lebed M B , Mezhevova A S , Berestneva Yu V , Bikmetova K R , Isakov A S
Published: November 2020

For the successful development of agriculture and increase the productivity of the arid zone of the Volgograd region, preservation of the soil from water erosion and deflation, protective forest and greenery plantations that are resistant to harsh forest conditions are necessary. The objects of study are various species of poplar P. nigra, P. bolleana, P. alba etc., rose hips R. rugosa, R. spinosissima, R. alba Maximus etc., elm U. campestris x U. pumila, which were evaluated according to the following parameters: degree of damage to plants by drought, total amount of water, winter hardiness, as well as their growth and development. The study showed that species P. nigra, R. rugosa, R. cinnamomea, and U. pumila have the highest approximation coefficients. U. laevis and P. deltodies are moderately resistant to high temperatures, and the species U. pumila, P. nigra, P. alba, and P. balsamifera are thermo- and pathogenic resistant. A study of the morphological features of various poplar species revealed the tallest species P. alba and P. nigra (20–22 m). The tallest shrub species are S. sorbiforia, R. alba, and R. canina.
Integrated model of potential biodiversity of the Crimean Peninsula
Authors: Gorbunov R V , Plugatar Yu V , Smyrnov V O , Gorbunova T Yu , Snegur A V , Drygval A V , Priymak A S
Published: November 2020

The study presents a special methodological approach to the construction of the integral model of potential biodiversity on the example of the territory of the Crimean Peninsula. GIS technologies serve the tool for creating this kind of material. The proposed technique allows effectively identifying spatial differences and carrying out multi-criteria analysis of the studied territory. The main stages of the methodology include the construction of vector layers of operational-territorial units, the compilation of a database on biodiversity criteria, the analysis of close relations between the value of biological diversity and the value of habitat diversity, the identification of statistical dependencies, as well as the construction of an integral model based on the results of preparatory stages. The resulting model resembles a raster layer of potential biodiversity for the 1x1 km cell format (potential number of species per 1 km2). The distribution of the potential biodiversity indicator at this cell size smooths certain differences in the overall pattern of the model.
Reclamation status of rice irrigation systems in Ninh Binh Province of Vietnam
Authors: Tran C T , Klyushin P V , Lepekhin P P , Dontsov A V , Emelyanova T A
Published: November 2020

A study area covers Ninh Binh Province as a whole that has 67.125 hectares of agricultural land, including 55.125 hectares of arable land. Ninh Binh has 13 major drainage basins. Water resources are unevenly distributed across the catchment areas. Due to a dense drainage system, every year Ninh Binh is hit by heavy flooding during the wet season. With a total length of all channels and a lock-weir network, just 22.4 % of channels are concrete lined, i.e. only every fourth kilometer of channels is concreted, thus leading to high irrigation losses. To tackle current challenges related to the effective use of irrigation systems in Ninh Binh, it is necessary to organize annual inspections and assessments of the current state of water supply networks, irrigation systems, etc.
Microbial complex adaptation in soils of different cultivation degrees
Authors: Larina G E , Seraya L G , Ivanova I O , Poddymkina L M , Vershinin V V
Published: November 2020

Throughout years-long observation, the properties of cultured soils in European Russia were studied (including the geographical location, physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils, the composition and structure of bacterial communities in them, etc.). Groups of microorganisms with various reactions to anthropogenic impacts were analyzed. Biological and fermentation power indicators manifest the ongoing soil-forming processes. The increase in the numbers of microorganisms of their biological activity (denitrification) is observed along the North-South line with the maximum values in the steppe zone. For acidic soils, the following indicators and susceptible soil microorganisms were determined: Actinomadura roseola, Methylococcus sp., Nocardia carnea, Sphingomonas capsulata, as well as for alkaline soils: Rhodococcus equi, Streptomyces sp. The following dominating species were found in the microbial consortium of the taiga zone soils: – Rhodococcus rhodochrous, and the dominant species for the wooded steppe, steppe, and dry steppe zones is the association of anaerobic Ruminococcus sp. with vesicular-arbuscular micromycetes. The data obtained are crucial for environmental monitoring and the development of nature protection actions to support soil fertility.
A system of specially protected natural reservations in terms of the transition to sustainable development
Authors: Petrova L E , Sorokina O A , Fomkin I V , Zatsepina E A , Rudinova Y I
Published: November 2020

The world community’s awareness of the rapidly deteriorating environmental situation as a threat to the continued existence of mankind determined the formation and adoption of the Concept of sustainable development in the second half of the XX century. One of the mechanisms for solving the strategic task of environmental protection is declared to be the formation and ensuring the sustainable functioning of a system of specially protected natural reservations of different levels and categories, which would ensure the preservation of natural ecosystems, making them centres for preserving the genetic fund and restoring the original biodiversity. The land-use planning, formation of new and reorganization of existing specially protected natural reservations is a guarantee of creating optimal conditions for solving the tasks assigned to them. The analytical review of the adopted normative legal documents and implemented target programs at the international and national levels objectively shows that the development of the system of specially protected natural reservations is declared as one of the main mechanisms for ensuring the implementation of the Concept of sustainable development. The research showed that not all specially protected natural reservations provide the existence of viable populations of organisms for the saving of which they were created. For the development of the system of specially protected natural reservations in the Russian Federation, it is necessary to improve the theoretical and methodological tools of the land management that adequately reflects their uniqueness and diversity, methods of rational organization of their territory, during which the creation of a stable, self-regenerating ecosystem will be carried out, ensuring the solution of environmental and socio-economic problems at both the regional and global levels.
To the history of the creation of biosphere reserves and natural parks in the Soviet Union
Authors: Sobisevich A V , Snytko V A
Published: November 2020

By the early 1960’s due to the development of industrial production, the natural environment of the Soviet Union faced a threat of reduction of many endemic species. Biosphere reserves became the places where any human activity was strongly forbidden and scientists can conduct ecological research. Soviet biosphere reserves became an important instrument for international ecological cooperation. Creation of new national parks led to the spreading semi-protected territories. The aim of this article is to show how Soviet scientists worked out the principles of natural parks and biosphere reserves in the Soviet Union. That research will be of interest to geographers, biologists and conservation activists involved in different ecological activities.
Monitoring and current state of geoecosystem of broadleaf forests of Podolsk region within the protected natural areas
Authors: Lukianova T S , Yurova Yu D , Shirokova V A , Khutorova A O , Gurov A F
Published: November 2020

The paper considers the present state of forests of Podolsk region within specially protected areas. Unfortunately, within the studied reserve the strict requirements of preservation and protection of broadleaf forests of the studied territory are not always fulfilled. The authors of the paper describe in sufficient detail the existing problems of the reserve. Measures for further monitoring of the geosystem are proposed.
On the state of the ground cover of shaded areas in urban landscaping objects
Authors: Grechushkina-Sukhorukova L A
Published: November 2020

It has been established that in municipal forestry of Stavropol (streets, squares, boulevards, parks) mixed plantations of broad-leaved tree species Tilia cordata Mill., Acer pseudoplatanus L., A. platanoides L., Aesculus hippocastanum L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Quercus robur L., prevail, which increases the shading conditions for lawns arranged under their canopy. With sparse and single-row planting of trees, lawn grass is in conditions of temporary shading and does not significantly suffer (lawns of good and satisfactory quality). In places with multi-row and group placement of tree plantations, the grass of lawns is in conditions of both temporary and permanent shading and is thinned up to 40–60 %, the relative amount of sunlight (RAS) is 2.1–9.2 % (mediocre and poor lawns). In conditions of constant intensive shading with a RAS of 0.6–2.6 %, turf grasses completely fall out, a dead cover forms, which reduces the quality of greening. Usually sparse grass are sown with fast-growing turf grasses annually. The issue of turfing of the shaded areas of parks with local forest grasses Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) P. Beauv., Dactylis polygama Horvat., Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill., Poa nemoralis L. (RAS 2.1–5.8 %) and sedge Carex divulsa Stokes, (RAS 1.0–4.2 %) and the conservation of forest herbaceous cenoses is discussed. In shady parks, the use of ground cover introduced species Vinca minor L., Hedera helix L, and the herbaceous perennial Helleborus caucasicus A. Braun (RAS 1.2–7.4 %) is promising.
Modern problems of the waste recycling in small industrial cities
Authors: Kremnyov AA , Tarasova T M , Ivanchna O V , Tarasova O V
Published: November 2020

Creating an industry for the treatment, recycling and disposal of waste is an important task of the development of the Russian economy at the present stage. In accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation developed the national project “Ecology”. As part of this project, it is planned to implement the federal project “Construction of facilities for sorting and processing MSW” for the period from 2019 to 2024. In January 2018, the Government of the Russian Federation approved the Industry Development Strategy for the Treatment, Disposal and Disposal of Production and Consumption Wastes for the Period up to 2030. The authors propose a project to build the territory of the city district of Chapayevsk with waste recycling and recycling plants. Due to the already existing and erected high-tech industries, there will be an influx of highly qualified specialists. The city will receive substantial investment injections in innovative projects; it will be possible to participate in tenders for the execution of orders, grants for the development and development of high-tech areas.
Approaches to anthropogenic loads on landscapes in heavily developed regions (On the example of the Chuvash Republic)
Authors: Ilin V , Nikonorova I , Vishnevskaya M , Gumenyuk A
Published: November 2020

Economic activity led to significant transformations of natural landscapes of the Chuvash Republic. There is a change in certain components of geosystems and naturalterritorial complexes as a whole. In order to rationalize environmental management, the analysis of the types and degree of anthropogenic load was carried out. The ratio of different lands was taken as parameters of the analysis. It was based on the share of farmlands, settlement zone, forests and natural landscapes. On the example of the model region of the Chuvash Republic 5 main types of areas were analyzed: upland, slope, terrace, floodplain and valley-river (valleys of small rivers). The factor of different stability of terrain types was taken into account. For uplands it is taken as a unit, and decreases in other types of terrain. On the basis of the analysis of the state of geosystems, the groups of districts were identified and measures were developed to reduce the anthropogenic load on landscapes.
Impact of emissions from the Orenburg gas chemical complex on the state of forest ecosystems
Authors: Ryabinina Z N , Bastaeva G T , Lebedev S V , Kalyakina R G , Ryabuhina M V , Hakimov E R
Published: November 2020

The article presents the results of a study of the state of forest ecosystems growing in the zone of the Orenburg gas-chemical complex. The authors established a taxation characteristic depending on the degree of remoteness from the source of pollution, the degree of accumulation and the accumulation series of heavy metals in the forest litter, and the horizontal crown density was calculated. All obtained data were analyzed using statistical analysis methods. The data obtained can be used for practical purposes.
Risk analysis of mudflows in the Central Caucasus
Authors: Aleinikova A M , Gaivoron T D , Marsheva N V , Mainasheva G M
Published: November 2020

Hazardous natural processes, including mudflows, are changing natural geomorphological processes, mountain landscapes, threatening the safety of the population. Due to climate changes in recent decades in the Caucasus there has been reduction in the area of glaciations, increased mudflow hazard. In the work, the possibility of mudflows in the Central Caucasus based on the interpretation of time-varying satellite images is analyzed. A forecast is given for the development of mudflow processes in connection with the degradation of glaciation.
Social aspects of environmental issues in the context of the national project “Ecology”
Authors: Egorchenkov A V , Egorchenkov D A
Published: November 2020

The article is studying the prospects of the environmental issues impact on social policy in Russia. Environmental issues are coming to the fore in the context of public discourse around the world - a new surge in public discourse on this topic is expected following the resolution of the pandemic crisis. Much attention was paid to the consideration of the national project "Ecology", which is a response to a public request related to changes in the field of domestic ecology and the approach to it. The authors come to the conclusion that public attention to environmental problems will only increase, while it is advised to the state to keep it in the system field. Otherwise, it is precisely the “environmental agenda” that may become one of the main factors of destabilization of the domestic political field in Russia. Further systematic expert development of this topic should designate state structures and public organizations as a sufficient set of “roadmaps” for a consistent reduction in the level of conflict in the context of a “green” issue.
Geoecological impact assessment of storage facilities of crude oil and refined products on the natural environment components (for example Grozny)
Authors: Gayrabekov U T , Kerimov I A , Gagaeva Z Sh
Published: November 2020

The work is devoted to the impact assessment of storage facilities of crude oil and refined products on the natural environment components of Grozny. It is noted that during the storage of oil and products of its processing in-ground and underground metal tanks, they pollute the natural environment components, worsening their sanitary and hygienic condition as a result of vapor evaporation and leakage of petroleum products from processing facilities. The impact analysis of storage facilities of crude oil and refined product on the natural-anthropogenic environment is carried out. To optimize the use of natural resources management and impact assessment of crude oil and refined products on the environment is considered the storage facilities’ impact of crude oil and refined products on individual natural environment components. A map chart of pollution focuses on the industrial zone of Grozny has been compiled. Based on the identified patterns of petroleum product distribution in the geological environment are proposed recommendations for environmental rehabilitation of the geological environment of Grozny.
Phenol monitoring in the air of the city residential part
Authors: Kulakova E S , Safarov A M , Safarova V I , Malkova M A , Kantor E A
Published: November 2020

In order to monitor the chemical composition of atmospheric air in cities located in the zone of petrochemical enterprises influence, automatic atmospheric air monitoring stations (AAAMS) are being established. The concentration of phenol and methanol in the air of the residential part of the city is recorded at AAAMSs. In the industrial zone air, the methanol content is measured at the source of pollution. Processing the numerical series of the measured concentrations values using the cross-correlation function allows you to get the time lag of the contaminated gas cloud moving from the source of emission to the city. Models have been developed for changes in concentration of phenol in the air of the residential area using the factor regression method, taking into account the concentration of the analyzed compounds, the time lag from the source of pollution to the living area and weather conditions: - air temperature and humidity, wind direction and speed.
Development of isolated energy systems in Russia using renewable energy sources
Authors: Suslov K V
Published: November 2020

The power system of Russian Federation is diversified regionally and consists of one Unified Power System and multiple off-grid power systems. Many parts of Russia are not connected to centralized power supply by virtue of their geographical position. There are more than five thousand autonomous energy sources in the off-grid territories, which are mainly represented by diesel power plants and gas turbines. These power plants use very expensive fossil fuel. It is proposed to use a large share of generation based on renewable energy sources (RES) for such systems. Taking into account a nonstationary character of power generation, presence of electricity storage devices, as well as stricter requirements of consumers to power quality and reliability of power supply, we can say that operating conditions of such systems and their control represent a difficult problem that needs to be studied. The tasks of substantiating the development of isolated power supply systems are considered. The analysis of the essence and level of study of task groups to substantiate the development of such systems in a hierarchical sequence is given. The problem of substantiating development is presented in the form of three successive stages: substantiating a rational configuration of the power supply system, comprehensive optimization of the structure and parameters of the power supply system taking into account various requirements and studying the operating conditions. In the paper, the specific features of microgrid operation in different seasons of a year and different time of a day are analyzed, a set of problems related to control of operation is formulated and specific features of their solution are discussed.
The role of electromagnetic sounding in the assessment of hydrothermal resources of the Northern Tien Shan
Authors: Bataleva E A
Published: November 2020

This work presents the results of the electromagnetic study of thermal water deposits, conducted in the territory of the Bishkek geodynamic test area (Northern Tien Shan). The heat flow in this territory is quite high, which testifies in favor of the development of geothermal energy in the region. The objects with high electrical conductivity isolated in the geological environment by various electrical prospecting methods are fractured basement rocks saturated with a heated fluid (in a different aggregate state) in the upper part of the Earth’s crust, promising for the development of geothermal energy.
Unused agricultural land: problems and solutions
Authors: Volkov S N , Cherkashina E V , Semochkin V N
Published: November 2020

Unused agricultural land is one of the modern problems of land relations in Russia. According to the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, its area is more than 40 million hectares. Identification of unused lands, their composition, area, territorial distribution and properties helps identify causes of their non-use which can be systematized in the following groups: economic, environmental, legal, spatial (remoteness, low profile, strip), organizational and economic (land shares, land redistribution fund). An analysis of causes of non-use allows us to solve this problem: improving the legislation and the land management system, taxation of rural producers, land management for the territorial development of agricultural production, technological equipment for development processes.
Land use greening support system development
Authors: Gvozdeva O , Sinitsa Yu , Ruleva N , Smirnova M , Podbolotova L
Published: November 2020

The article studies public regulation of land use greening which is a form of government participation in land use greening, its impact on the pace of development of the agro-industrial complex and health of the population. The public support is a system of financial, economic and managerial measures. According to international experience, in order to preserve land resources, an appropriate system of public management and control over soil fertility conservation is required. These measures can be legislative, administrative, and economic. Land use greening can develop on the basis of professional state environmental regulation.
Organizing geographic and environmental monitoring for urban cadastral appraisal
Authors: Mezhova L A , Lugovsky A M , Gorbunov V S , Sagova Z M , Sushkova O Yu
Published: November 2020

Cities of today are multifunctional geosystems accumulating various anthropogenic activities. However, the modern system of land cadastral appraisal does not pay enough attention to geography and environment of urban lands. This article defines the geographic and environmental indicators to be included in urban cadastral appraisal. The outlined logical and structural models introduce to a comprehensive system of coordinated and interrelated organizations involved in land cadastral appraisal. The model can serve as a foundation for identifying existing problems within administrative arrangements in a city and proves the importance of looking at geography, time factor, and environment for each city district in particular. The article provides some recommendations to enhance land use and ensure a more comfortable public environment. It also shares some ideas on using different kinds of geographic and environmental models and proves the need for creating a specialized geographic and environmental monitoring service.
Land-property and land-resource information obtained as a result of land management
Authors: Volkov S N , Papaskiri T V , Alekseenko N N , Ananicheva E P , Rudinova Yu I
Published: November 2020

The article deals with issues related to the creation of digital land management based on the use of modern information technologies. The creation of digital land management is carried out in close connection with the digitalization of agriculture and other sectors of the economy. The basis of information support for land management is the state data Fund, which is formed on the basis of land management documentation, materials and data (in written, graphic, electronic, photographic and other forms) obtained as a result of land management. In addition, information support for land management includes scientific and technical products and modern information systems that allow developers and consumers of land management documentation to provide up-to-date, complete and visual information about the results of land management works and technologies for their implementation. These issues are closely related to the regulation of the entire structure of the country’s land service, land legislation and, in General, the development of an optimal land policy, on which information support and full interaction of the entire land management industry depend.
Main features of farm land management at the municipal level
Authors: Sorokina O A , Ivanov N I , Petrova L E , Komov N V , Tsypkin Yu A , Dontsov A V
Published: November 2020

Establishment of favorable organizational and territorial conditions for land use of farms, elimination of violations in the use of agricultural land and effective implementation of state support measures aimed at the development of agricultural cooperation require studying the methodology of organizing the territory and production of farms, as well as developing a strategy for their development on the basis of land management projects. Actual approaches to improve the territorial development of farms were developed by the authors based on the experience of the Tula region.
Relevant aspects of current agricultural land use
Authors: Valiev D S , Matyushkin V F , Zhelonkina E E , Gasanov A Z , Fomina A V
Published: November 2020

One of the most urgent problems in modern conditions including the need to ensure a balanced development of the national economy, increase its competitiveness and sustainability is the creation of a mechanism for involving unused agricultural land. It is no coincidence that the President of the country addressed the problem of ensuring effective and rational land use over the past few years in his Messages to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. There are still many unresolved issues in this area. Scientists and specialists state the unsatisfactory condition and soil degradation in Russia. In case of improper exploitation (depletion, soil degradation), agricultural lands often lose their ability to manufacture products for a long time. In such cases, these lands productivity recovery often exceeds market value, mainly in regions where the market value of land is low. For this reason, the land becomes unattractive to the land owners, which is one of the reasons for the low rate of reduction of abandoned, unused land in the area.
Comprehensive assessment of the territory as a part of the environmental and economic feasibility study for the formation of a state nature reserve
Authors: Lyubchenko E V , Varlamov A A , Galchenko S A , Antropov D V , Hasanov A Z
Published: November 2020

The article considers the process of creating specially protected natural territories as one of the main and traditional approaches to the conservation of biological diversity in the framework of the implementation of the state environmental policy. Based on an analysis of a number of projects for the creation of specially protected natural territories of federal significance, a recommended list of sections has been compiled for a comprehensive assessment of the territory as a part of the environmental and economic justification for the formation of a state nature reserve.
Assessment of the resource potential of agricultural land use for land management purposes
Authors: Varlamov A A , Galchenko S A , Zdanova R V , Rasskazova A A , Borodina O B
Published: November 2020

In the article, the authors examined the role of assessing the resource potential of agricultural land use in the land management system. A literature review was carried out to determine the resource potential of agricultural land use. The concept of the resource potential of agricultural land use is clarified. The article proposes a methodology for assessing the intergral resource potential of agricultural land use. It determines the resource potential of the specific agricultural land use of LLC Aurora of the Babyninsky district of the Kaluga region on the basis of financial, labor and land indicators. A classification of factors has been developed to assess the resource potential of agricultural land use. The article also proposes levels of assessing the resource potential of agricultural land use.
Revisiting the problem of reconditioning industrial lands in modern urban environment: case of Dalenergomash plant in the city of Khabarovsk
Authors: Putilov I D , Bazilevich M E
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of renovating the territories of decommissioned industrial facilities. On the example of the territory of the Dalenergomash plant, located in the central part of the city of Khabarovsk, opportunities and prospects for the revitalization of these objects open up. A brief excursion into the history of the enterprise is given. The data of the analysis of the urban planning situation are presented. The main vector of the development of this territory is highlighted, associated with the functional re-profiling of factory premises for trade objects. Recommendations were developed for the development of this territory, ensuring flexibility, attractiveness of the urban environment and expanding the use of urban areas.
Geoinformation system for monitoring and assessment of agricultural lands condition
Authors: Panasyuk M V , Safiollin F N , Sultanov V A , Sabirzyanov A M
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of prospects of application of geoinformation systems (GIS), methods and technologies of remote sensing of the Earth for monitoring and assessment of the state of agricultural lands. The article assesses the possibilities of specialized GIS in improving the efficiency of current crop monitoring, implementation of principles and technologies of organic agriculture. The peculiarities of the structure of perspective GIS for assessing the state and monitoring of agricultural lands are considered. The article describes the main tasks and functions of GIS data, notes the importance of an electronic map as the basis for the integration of cartographic, textual, digital and visual information. The work analyzes the geoinformation system of the region's agro-industrial complex being developed in the Republic of Tatarstan. The main directions of its development have been noted, among which special attention has been paid to the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and UAV-technologies, which create opportunities for the operative collection and processing of large volumes of information in the GIS environment for the purpose of solving the tasks of monitoring and assessment of land conditions, which facilitates the transition to the systems of organic and precision agriculture on the basis of a more reasonable formation of directions of application of biological means of plant protection, development of recommendations on the composition of lands, structure of sowing..
Relief assessment in the North Caucasian Federal District for agrarian purposes
Authors: Savinova S V , Bratkov V V , Klyushin P V , Lomakin G V , Marin A N
Published: November 2020

North Caucasian Federal District is made up of seven constituent entities. In terms of physical and geographical conditions predominately differentiated by the topography of an area, the territory of the region is grouped around two large areas – plain and mountainous. Most of the territory of the District is characterized by slopes of up to 5°, which occupy an area of 114,101 km2, or 66.9 %. The highlands of up to 500 m are most favorable for agricultural development in Stavropol Krai, Dagestan and Chechnya. The large low-plain areas with relatively high elevation points contribute to the formation of homogeneous microclimatic factors, and, consequently, agricultural methods.
Using GIS technologies to create a scientific and information geoecological base in Western Yamal to identify the effects of climate change
Authors: Shirokov R S , Vasiliev A A
Published: November 2020

Climate change and marine conditions affecting the formation and evolution of the permafrost zone of the shelf and the continental margin of the Russian Arctic, is an urgent problem for the Russian sector of the Arctic. The results of long-term monitoring of the permafrost zone clearly demonstrate the degradation of frozen rocks both in continental and in subaquatic conditions of the western sector of the Russian Arctic. The coastal-marine region of Western Yamal is the most vulnerable and therefore model territory with climatic changes. The assessment of the dynamics of the geoecological conditions of the coastal-marine region of Western Yamal with climate change is impossible without a GIS component. At the same time, the study of geoecological processes and their mapping becomes especially relevant for the preparation of long-term plans for the development of climate-dependent branches of economic activity. The permafrost zone of the western sector of the Russian Arctic remains poorly understood. Climate warming in the western sector of the Russian Arctic is recorded after 1970. There is an increase in air temperature and duration of the warm period, a change in the amount of precipitation, and an increase in snow thickness.
Development of cartographic materials for optimal placement of objects and lands using the information logical system of automated land management design
Authors: Volkov S N , Shapovalov D A , Fomin A A
Published: November 2020

This article analyzes the main problems and prospects of land management automation. It presents a flow chart of preparing a cartographic digital basis for an automated land management project using an information-logical system. The authors proposed new software solutions for obtaining a high-quality geospatial basis for a land management project and software solutions for varied approaches to optimal land organization and management methods. All developed solutions have been tested at real agricultural facilities and have shown a significant (up to 40%) increase in land management efficiency. The article notes the need to prepare new personnel for the industry in the context of digitalization of the agricultural sector and the widespread use of on-line technologies.
Genesis of the scientific discipline “Invasive Biology” in Russia
Authors: Vinogradova Yu K , Kuklina A G
Published: November 2020

This article describes the chronology of scientific papers dealing with invasive biology. The genesis of this new discipline is characterized. The focus is on the study of invasions of plant organisms. The main tasks of the discipline are formulated and results are described. It is shown that over 40 years, single finds of alien plant species have turned into a list of invasive species in Russia, identifying the most significant invasion vectors, and determining the rate of microevolutionary changes in species of the secondary distribution range. The inventory data made it possible to conduct monitoring studies of biological invasions and alien species in general, which will help reduce the economic costs of combating invasive species. However, the dynamics of the invasive component determines the need to continue inventory work, especially in Siberia and the Far East.
Fire protection in the Russian empire in the second half of the 19th century: main contradictions and search for development pathways
Authors: Malko A V , Nemchenko S B , Smirnova A A , Panchenko V Y , Makarchuk I Y
Published: November 2020

This paper considers the peculiarities of legal regulation for three types of fire brigades in the 19th-century Russian Empire. It describes the formation of the fire protection service, one of the first public emergency response services. The authors reveal contradictions in the management system and legal status of fire brigades in Russia. They focus on the classification of fire brigades in the Russian Empire by dividing them into state police and public fire brigades. The paper also considers the public project of establishing a single centralized body of state fire protection management in the Russian Empire. To accomplish this, the archival materials of Count Sheremet’ev’s personal papers and the papers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire are analyzed. The authors conclude that Russian state, though aware of the need for reform in fire protection, could not effectively implement it. The reform project prepared by Bogdanovich and Sheremet’ev was not implemented because of poor interaction between the state and public firefighting services of the country.