bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hidden Faces
Authors: Heo Angie
Published: May 2019

“Hidden Faces” traces the effects of insulating Copts into communal enclaves of withdrawal from the larger mixed Christian-Muslim public. Its focus is on the cult making of contemporary saints and the mystical imaginaries that yield the collective image of the “simple people.” It shows that one key outcome of containing and repressing signs of sainthood is an amplified imagination of secrecy and hiding. This covert politics of holy secrecy, moreover, can further serve to ameliorate an authoritarian narrative of communal belonging under the nation-state.
What Does a Tradition Feel Like?
Authors: Ingram Brannon D.
Published: May 2019

The fifth chapter examines how “Deobandi” tradition is mediated through scholarly and pedagogical networks in theory and practice. The first part of the chapter focuses on Qari Muhammad Tayyib, rector of the Dar al-`Ulum Deoband for half a century and the foremost theorist of Deobandi identity, arguing that mid-twentieth century Deobandis like Tayyib developed the concept of the maslak (“path” or “way”) as a means of lending ideological and affective coherence to a rapidly expanding global network. Tayyib theorized the maslak as a “middle path” between ideological extremes—as, for instance, between those who indulge in “excessive” Sufi devotions and those who dispense with Sufism altogether—and as an embodied discourse one learns to inhabit through the companionship of those who already do. The second part of the chapter, shifting from theory to practice, traces the rise of the Tablighi Jama`at, a Deobandi revivalist movement that sought to make individual Muslims mobile “embodiments” of the seminary and the Sufi lodge, effectively translating Thanvi’s project of public reform into an actual program, one explicitly based on internalizing the teachings of Ashraf `Ali Thanvi’s Urdu primers for lay Muslims, on shunning public debate of controversial legal issues, and on the replication of a set of reformed affects in others—hence the Tablighi Jama`at’s role, by mid-century, in propelling Deobandi tradition across the globe.
Circulations of Violence
Authors: Vogt Wendy A.
Published: May 2019

Chapter Two situates lived experiences of violence within a deeper temporal and spatial context of violence across the Americas. Structural forms of violence including the legacies of civil war, neoliberal securitization, and everyday insecurity are all forces that propel mobility from Central America. The chapter suggests a historical continuum where the violence people experience along the journey is not conceptualized as new or unique, but rather a continuation of processes they have known their entire lives.
The Arterial Border
Authors: Vogt Wendy A.
Published: May 2019

This chapter develops the concept of the arterial border to understand Mexico’s diffused immigration enforcement strategy. It traces the development and enactment of Mexico’s arterial border from the 1980s to the present and includes three examples of how abuse, extortion and sexual violence operate as migrants encounter state agents. This chapter also introduces the shifting dynamics and novel strategies migrants develop as they are funneled into more clandestine transit routes.
The Migrant Industry
Authors: Vogt Wendy A.
Published: May 2019

This chapter examines how the journey across Mexico has become a site of intense violence and profit making in what may be conceptualized as an industry. Through migrant testimonies, it traces how Central American migrants’ bodies, labor and lives are transformed into commodities within economies of smuggling, extortion, and kidnapping. The commodification of migrants also coincides with the transformation of local spaces into new sites of profit and insecurity.
Intimate Crossings
Authors: Vogt Wendy A.
Published: May 2019

This chapter examines the diverse social relations and economies of intimacy migrants engage while en route. It aims to complicate normative understandings of human mobility and human smuggling by focusing on the intimate social relationships and forms of carework including protective pairings and simulated kinship relations that develop along migrant journeys as well as the tensions and contradictions they produce. This chapter also discusses the ways migrants maintain ties to their families.
Specter of the Jews
Authors: Finkelstein Ari
Published: May 2019

The book investigates how the emperor Julian (361–63 c.e.) uses Jews as ethnic Judeans in his hellenizing project to define Hellenic identity and to disqualify and delegitimize Christian ethnic claims. It concludes by summing up the main takeaways of the book for Jewish, Christian, and Roman historians of late antiquity.
Creating and Maintaining Hellenic Places in Antioch
Authors: Finkelstein Ari
Published: May 2019

chapter 7 explores how Julian clears the contaminating Christian contagion from the Antiochene landscape in order to facilitate Hellenic worship of the gods. The Christian cult of the martyrs and Christian daytime burial practices contaminated Hellenic worshippers who came into contact with the dead. To alleviate the growing threat, Julian employs a type of exegesis common in the city of Antioch that reads scripture in its historical context, employing grammatical acumen he learned in school to alter Christian perceptions of their martyrs. This is the only instance in which Jews are offered as a negative example for Hellenes. Julian also alludes to the recent Christian cult of the Maccabean martyrs changing the wording of Porphyry’s implied praise of the Maccabean martyrs for keeping their Jewish dietary laws to the words of the Apostolic Decree to remind Christians that these were Jews who died for their laws, laws that Peter insisted all Christians keep. By changing perceptions of the Christian cult of the martyrs, Julian redefined martyrdom as dying for one’s ancestral laws rather than belief in a “corpse.” His goal was to clear space for Hellenes to reach their temples in a state of purity and carry out efficacious sacrifice.
Papeleo
Authors: Ryburn Megan
Published: May 2019

Chapter 3 examines migrants’ multiple transitions between (ir)regular legal statuses as they are excluded from and seek inclusion within the transnational space of legal citizenship. Centered around the motif of papeleo (paperwork/red tape), the chapter is interested in how this transnational space of legal citizenship—and migrants’ positions within it—is constructed. It suggests that this occurs through interactions between legislation as it exists “on paper,” its (often discriminatory) application by officials “through paper,” and the practices of “presenting papers” in which migrants engage, sometimes with the support of a migrant organization.
¿El Sueño Chileno?
Authors: Ryburn Megan
Published: May 2019

This chapter is concerned with economic citizenship and the quest for el sueño chileno (the Chilean dream). Taking a transnational perspective on economic citizenship and comprehending it as more than just access to decent work, it seeks first to capture the economic marginalization in Bolivia that often acted as a catalyst for pursuing el sueño chileno. The latter part of the chapter reflects on the degree to which el sueño chileno was realized after crossing the border. It has a particular focus on employment experiences in wholesale garment retail, agriculture, and domestic work, and it includes reflections on a case of trafficking for labor exploitation uncovered in the course of fieldwork. The chapter considers the ways in which both structural processes and the agentic practices of migrants contribute to their ability to access the space of economic citizenship across borders—and thus contribute to their experiences of uncertainty.
Coral Whisperers
Authors: Braverman Irus
Published: May 2019

Coral Whisperers captures a key moment in the history of coral reef science and of environmental conservation at large. Drawing on more than one hundred interviews,the book documents the physical, intellectual, and emotional plight of coral scientists and their painstaking deliberations as they struggle to understand and save corals from what many of these scientistshave come to see as the corals’inevitable catastrophic future on a rapidly warming and otherwise assaulted planet.We are here in the thick of contemporary coral science, and we can feel its urgency: the experts, who are witnessing massive coral death around the planet, both grieve for this death and must simultaneously narrate it. Yet despite the desperate realities confronting corals in the Anthropocene, coral scientists have not given up hope. Through their engaging narratives, corals emerge as a sign, a measure, and a way out of the imminent catastrophe facinglife on earth.
How Local Waters Become State Water
Authors: Perramond Eric P.
Published: May 2019

New Mexico, like most western U.S. states, relies on the legal assumptions of prior appropriation to sort out historical water rights in space and in time. Early in the twentieth century, the state redefined water as owned by the public, but access rights to water were assigned as private property rights. Water rights adjudications are designed to identify water users throughout the state and quantify their water allocation. This process fundamentally rescaled water as an object and a property and was at odds with existing local water cultures and definitions of water. Local and indigenous water sovereigns contested the state’s reading of water as property, and adjudication dragged on for decades in valleys where local interests wanted water to remain with their lands.
Aamodt, Dammit!
Authors: Perramond Eric P.
Published: May 2019

The adjudication in the Pojoaque Basin (the Aamodt case) is the longest-standing federal water case in history. This chapter incorporates the voices of local Indian and non-Indian residents who recalled the conflicts and the consequences. Adjudication in this small valley ground on for decades, pitting neighbors against each other. Long-held agreements were torn apart by identity and property definitions only to eventually be reforged by negotiations. Now resolved in a water settlement agreement, the Aamodt case illustrates how adjudication itself is not designed to reconcile the cultural and legal pluralism even in small basins like the Pojoaque. The various parties forced into the courts ultimately took negotiated terms out of state and federal hands and came to an agreement that most of the sovereign water cultures could live with, though it left the valley with some unintended consequences for current residents and water agencies to resolve.
New Water Agents and Actors in Civil Society
Authors: Perramond Eric P.
Published: May 2019

New citizen groups, agents, and nonprofits rose to prominence in the late twentieth and the early twenty-first centuries because of water adjudication suits and because the long delays in adjudicating water rights across the state’s basins. These new water nonprofits have helped consolidate and organize a new level of understanding among some of the water sovereigns. New user groups themselves have often imposed new organizational and administrative demands on local water users. Notably, women became more active in water issues across all scales. Ironically, the adversarial and seemingly infinite process of adjudication created new forums for water users to voice their concerns even if they remain advisory in nature.
Beyond Adjudication
Authors: Perramond Eric P.
Published: May 2019

As adjudication extends into a new century, water managers must address new demands, including the water needs of endangered species and rivers themselves. Climate changes also put the utility of adjudication’s detailed measurements and allocations into question. Under a changing climate, the Southwest is expected to be warmer and drier. This chapter argues, however, that New Mexico has to account for future instream flows and existing climate change alterations of river flow regimes. The office of the state engineer will have to balance the new quantity demands of the Anthropocene and the warming climate with the already-difficult human demands by particular groups who want water quality to be a central focus in the future.
Introduction
Authors: Perramond Eric P.
Published: May 2019

Multiple water sovereigns coexist in New Mexico. These sovereigns have different conceptions and worldviews of water, its purpose, and its role in their respective lives. The state water code of 1907 defined water as a private property right, yet many New Mexicans continue to question this notion. Adjudication was the state’s tool to find, redefine, and specify water as an individual good attached in space and time to property owners in New Mexico.
In the Offices
Authors: Kelly William W.
Published: May 2019

Much of the pressure felt by the manager is placed upon him by a large and intrusive management structure, and chapter 5 details its two levels. The Hanshin Club is the front-office staff that directly manages (some would say micromanages) the team, and it too is based in offices at Kōshien Stadium. The club is itself a direct subsidiary of the parent company, the Hanshin Electrical Company. The intercity electric line it operates is the shortest among all Kansai railroads, and it came to operate a spectrum of transport, retail, and leisure businesses to compensate for this. The Tigers were not a profit center, but they were the most prominent face of the corporation, and this contradiction was a perpetual anxiety to upper management, most of whom had no baseball experience or acumen.
Moving In before Moving Out
Authors: Childs Geoff , Choedup Namgyal
Published: May 2019

Chapter 2 establishes the historical context by summarizing how Nubri gradually became part of the broader Tibetan Buddhist cultural world through the immigration of lamas and establishment of temples. Even after being incorporated into the Hindu kingdom of Nepal during the nineteenth century, the residents of Nubri retained a Tibetan cultural orientation. The chapter’s historical perspective is essential for understanding the development of the social networks that play a major role in shaping the direction and magnitude of today’s educational migration.
Embedding the Household in the Village
Authors: Childs Geoff , Choedup Namgyal
Published: May 2019

Chapter 3 offers a fine-grained ethnographic analysis of one village’s use of economic and cultural practices to forge a tight-knit community from individual households. It begins by examining the household from the perspectives of anthropology and demography and then details how villagers employ secular and religious administrative systems to levy funds that support communal rites. The chapter concludes by linking men’s village-refined ritual skills with seasonal migration to cities, where they perform rites for urban Buddhist patrons and thereby establish social ties that facilitate educational migration for their children.
The Transformative Potential of Educational Migration
Authors: Childs Geoff , Choedup Namgyal
Published: May 2019

Chapter 9 discusses how education, career aspirations, and life outside the village detach youths from their rural homesteads. It begins by analyzing the sending of children to distant institutions as a form of fosterage intended to enhance their livelihood opportunities, then explores how educational migration is driving a unique trajectory of population change that diverges in key ways from the forecasts of demographic transition theory. The focus then shifts to endogamy to illustrate how marital choices are expanding in conjunction with newfound ideologies and autonomy, but not without bounds, due to the enduring influence of parents. The chapter concludes by critiquing the notion that arranged marriage is an artifact of a traditional society that withers under the forces of secular education and modernization.
Life Lived in Relief
Authors: Feldman Ilana
Published: May 2019

Palestinian refugees’ experience of displacement is among the lengthiest in history. Life Lived in Relief explores this community’s engagement with humanitarian assistance over a seventy-year period and their persistent efforts over this long time span to alter their present and future conditions. Even as humanitarian intervention is conceived as crisis-driven and focused on survival, protracted displacement is a common circumstance, necessitating long-term humanitarian presence. The book describes the operational challenges of oscillating between chronic conditions and repeating emergency situations as “punctuated humanitarianism.” Punctuated humanitarianism also means that people move through different relationships with the humanitarian apparatus. Palestinian refugee politics is buffeted between near and far futures, close and distant geographies, and immediate needs and existential claims. This politics is expressed not only in the register of suffering but also as aspiration, existence, and refusal. These multiplicities are often discordant, but they persist together. The “politics of living” in and against humanitarianism is central to what it has meant to be Palestinian since 1948. It also provides new insights into the possibilities of political life in precarious conditions. The story of Palestinians and humanitarianism is illustrative of life and relief in the many circumstances of protracted displacement across the globe.
Living and Dying at Humanitarianism’s Limits
Authors: Feldman Ilana
Published: May 2019

This chapter explores the limits of humanitarian care and capacity and what it means to live and practice up against these limits. This condition is broadly described as a circumstance of “undercare,” where people are cared for, but the care they receive is systemically inadequate. Humanitarian limits include the difficulty of reaching populations across the imposition and change of borders, the inability to access people targeted for violent assault, the incapacity of the humanitarian apparatus to respond to health-care needs of the elderly, and the circumstances of dying in old age. The humanitarian inability to provide adequate care is received by Palestinians as part of a constellation of threats to the population. They see undercare as part of a concerted effort to undermine their collective existence.
Non-humanitarian Futures?
Authors: Feldman Ilana
Published: May 2019

This chapter looks at how, in different moments, facing different challenges, Palestinians have engaged and worked toward non-humanitarian futures. These engagements are another dimension of the politics of living in humanitarianism. And like all such politics, they both make creative use of humanitarian tools and encounter the limits of this framework. The chapter focuses on two instances. The first is the revolutionary humanitarianism of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), specifically the Palestine Red Crescent Society and Samed, the Palestine Martyr’s Society, which focused on development. These institutions argued that humanitarianism could support national politics. The second is an experimental project called Campus in Camps in Dheisheh camp. Campus in Camps works at the intersection of aspiration and refusal, trying to reinvigorate the camp as a site of political invention.
Making Livable Lives in Worlds in Crisis
Authors: Feldman Ilana
Published: May 2019

The final chapter underscores the fact that Palestinians share with millions of displaced persons across the globe the challenges of life lived in, against, and sometimes without relief. The persistent conceptual problem of exceptionalism has led some to view the Palestinian story of long-term displacement as incomparable with other refugee settings. In fact, the Palestinian refugee instance is not just comparable but also paradigmatic. Considering the recent global migrant crisis and the mass displacement of Syrians, the chapter argues that the refugee condition is not just returning but also persisting. Refugees are not external to global political orders, but central to them. Palestinians have considerable experience in making the refugee condition “world-forming.” Their experience sheds light on the forms of political life that are possible, even in precarious conditions.
La Traviata Affair
Authors: Roos Hilde
Published: May 2019

Opera, race, and politics during apartheid South Africa form the foundation of this historiographic work on the Eoan Group, a so-called colored cultural organization that performed opera in the Cape. The La Traviata Affair: Opera in the Time of Apartheid charts Eoan’s opera activities from its inception in 1933 until the cessation of its work by 1980. By accepting funding from the apartheid government and adhering to apartheid conditions, the group, in time, became politically compromised, resulting in the rejection of the group by their own community and the cessation of opera production. However, their unquestioned acceptance of and commitment to the art of opera lead to the most extraordinary of performance trajectories. During apartheid, the Eoan Group provided a space for colored people to perform Western classical art forms in an environment that potentially transgressed racial boundaries and challenged perceptions of racial exclusivity in the genre of opera. This highly significant endeavor and the way it was thwarted at the hands of the apartheid regime is the story that unfolds in this book.
Being Easy Isn’t Easy
Authors: Herbert Steve
Published: May 2019

Easy keepers arrive at that status through a maturation process that leads them to foster constructive relations with others. They do so despite a prison environment that poses considerable challenges for efforts at personal growth. This chapter reviews some of those challenges. More specifically, it emphasizes: the often fraught relations that lifers possess with prison staff, with members of their family, and with each other; the dearth of opportunities for work and education; and the difficulty they face in atoning directly for their crimes. These impediments to individual betterment make all the more remarkable the ability of lifers to become such stable and productive community members.
Gay Life and Liberation, a Photographic Record of 1970s Belfast
Authors: Wallace Rachel
Published: May 2019

In March 2017, the first LGBTQ+ history exhibition to be displayed at a national museum in Northern Ireland debuted at the Ulster Museum. The exhibition, entitled “Gay Life and Liberation: A Photographic Exhibition of 1970s Belfast,” included private photographs captured by Doug Sobey, a founding member of gay liberation organizations in Belfast during the 1970s, and featured excerpts from oral histories with gay and lesbian activists. It portrayed the emergence of the gay liberation movement during the Troubles and how the unique social, political, and religious situation in Northern Ireland fundamentally shaped the establishment of a gay identity and community in the 1970s. By displaying private photographs and personal histories, it revealed the hidden history of the LGBTQ+ community to the museum-going public. The exhibition also enhanced and extended the histories of the Troubles, challenging traditional assumptions and perceptions of the conflict.
Public Disclosures of Private Realities
Authors: Vider Stephen
Published: May 2019

AIDS at Home: Art and Everyday Activism, presented at the Museum of the City of New York from May to October 2017, aimed to complement and complicate popular narratives about the history of HIV/AIDS by examining how HIV/AIDS played out in the everyday lives of diverse communities in New York. The exhibition placed works of art alongside documentary photography, film, and archival materials in unique ways to ask visitors to rethink what counts as activism and to reconsider home as a crucial political space. This paper reflects on the ways the curator sought to activate the domestic archive—the everyday ephemera and affects of illness, caretaking, and family life.
Lactoferrin ameliorates aging-suppressed osteogenesis via IGF1 signaling
Authors: Chen Xin-wei , Li Ye-hong , Zhang Meng-jun , Chen Zhou , Ke Dian-shan , Xue Ying , Hou Jian-ming
Published: May 2019

Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein that plays an important role in promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption; however, its effects on senile osteoporosis remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanism of LF intervention using a senile osteoporosis model (SAMP6 mice) and senescent osteoblasts. Micro-CT and hematoxylin and eosin staining demonstrated that the intragastric administration (2 g/kg/day) of LF could improve the bone mass and microstructure of SAMP6 mice. Furthermore, LF treatment improved bone metabolism and increased insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1) mRNA expression and activated phosphorylation status of AKT. Using osteoblasts passaged for ten generations as an in vitro senescence model, various markers associated with osteoblast formation and differentiation, as well as related indices of oxidative stress were analyzed. Our results revealed that after multiple generations, osteoblasts entered senescence, in conjunction with increased oxidative stress damage, reduced bone metabolism and enhanced expression of aging-related markers. While inhibiting oxidative stress, LF improved osteoblast proliferation by promoting the expression of osteogenesis markers, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Igf1, bone gla protein (Bglap) and osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (Opg/Rankl) mRNA and delayed senescence by decreasing the level of p16 and p21 expression. RNAI-mediated downregulation of IGF1 attenuated the effect of LF on osteogenesis. Therefore, the findings of the present study indicate that LF may promote osteogenesis via IGF1 signaling, thereby preventing senile osteoporosis.
La garantía de los derechos de la mujer en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano
Authors: Cardona Cuervo Jimena , Carrillo Cruz Yudy Andrea , Caycedo Guió Rosa María
Published: May 2019

This work intends to analyze the effectiveness of the Colombian normative compilation in the guarantee of women's rights, emphasizing the protection measures that have been designed so women can safeguard themselves from violence and undertake their life project. It is based on a qualitative methodology with an explanatory approach based on the bibliographic method that is, on a systematic and critical review of the national regulations on the protection of women, contrasted with real events. The conclusions reached allow us to infer that with the international normative development of women’s protection, a legal revolution was generated in Colombia that culminated in a solid compilation of instruments in favor of women but that the gap between women and men, what is and what ought to be, has not been closed, leaving women without protection in the scenarios of violence.
Economía política del ambiente: voz y eco en el análisis social de los problemas ambientales
Authors: Arias Arbeláez Fabio Alberto
Published: May 2019

This article seeks to delimit the field of work of Political Economy of the Environment. A conceptual framework is proposed to deal with environmental problems with an approach that addresses both the collective sphere of the economy and the relations of power and conflict of interest in the appropriation and use of nature. To achieve the overall objective, three specific tasks are identified: review the meaning of political economy, establish the relationship between political economy and environmental problems and contrasting the field of analysis of political economy and environment with other complementary fields of work as political ecology.
La expansión de la celda: experiencia estética en la novela La cárcel de Jesús Zárate Moreno
Authors: Orduz Rodríguez Frank
Published: May 2019

En este artículo se examina la construcción literaria de la experiencia estética dentro de la novela La cárcel (1972), del autor colombiano Jesús Zarate Moreno. El análisis se fundamenta en los acercamientos teóricos sobre la experiencia estética –de Immanuel Kant, Jan Mukařovský y Robert Jauss, entre otros– y el planteamiento teórico sobre el absurdo de Gilles Deleuze. Así, se propone estudiar cómo el personaje principal, Antón Castán, reformula a través de sus posibilidades imaginativas y sensibles su estadía en prisión. Esto se muestra a través de una escritura desintelectualizada a modo de diario personal, en donde se dejan leer distintos mecanismos y operaciones de la sensibilidad en la desintegración del instante.
Política social compensatoria y justicia general
Authors: Guarín Ramírez Édgar Antonio , Galeano Gómez Laura , Galindo Sánchez Valentina
Published: May 2019

This reflection article is the result of a research project that aimed to analyze the consequences for the general justice of the way in which, currently, social policy is implemented in Colombia. In development of that policy, the State endorses the obligation to supply the basic needs of the less favored sectors through the delivery of goods and services. The hypothesis proposed is that this way of conducting social policy, when it consumes the recipient in his situation of marginality and poverty, removes him from his obligations to the social whole, which affects general justice. By virtue of this type of justice, the members of the community have the obligation to contribute to the good of the social whole, from their capacities and possibilities; if this does not happen, a form of injustice arises that has important repercussions for the construction of the social tissue.
Fundamento jurídico de la acción judicial de restitución y formalización de tierras y su carácter predominante como medida de reparación
Authors: Suarez Varon Lady
Published: May 2019

This article approaches an issue that has been ongoing in our country for several years now, namely the legal action for the restitution and formalization of land, its legal basis, its purpose and its nature, as well as the bodies and the authorities responsible for processing them. All this in order to determine the effectiveness of this mechanism in relation to its purposes, such as guaranteeing the prevalence of the rights of the victims of forced abandonment and dispossession of their lands, as they are considered evident vulnerable subjects. A qualitative and descriptive research was conducted to determine how, through this tool, it is intended to grant the due respect and restoration of the victims’ rights of the Colombian armed conflict, and it was concluded that, due to its purpose and nature, this action is a mechanism that, although gradual, is considered effective to achieve it.
Comprehensive Multiple eQTL Detection and Its Application to GWAS Interpretation
Authors: Zeng Biao , Lloyd-Jones Luke R , Montgomery Grant W , Metspalu Andres , Esko Tonu , Franke Lude , Vosa Urmo , Claringbould Annique , Brigham Kenneth L , Quyyumi Arshed A , Idaghdour Youssef , Yang Jian , Visscher Peter M , Powell Joseph E , Gibson Greg
Published: May 2019

Expression QTL (eQTL) detection has emerged as an important tool for unraveling the relationship between genetic risk factors and disease or clinical phenotypes. Most studies are predicated on the assumption that only a single causal variant explains the association signal in each interval. This greatly simplifies the statistical modeling, but is liable to biases in scenarios where multiple local causal-variants are responsible. Here, our primary goal was to address the prevalence of secondary cis-eQTL signals regulating peripheral blood gene expression locally, utilizing two large human cohort studies, each >2500 samples with accompanying whole genome genotypes. The CAGE (Consortium for the Architecture of Gene Expression) dataset is a compendium of Illumina microarray studies, and the Framingham Heart Study is a two-generation Affymetrix dataset. We also describe Bayesian colocalization analysis of the extent of sharing of cis-eQTL detected in both studies as well as with the BIOS RNAseq dataset. Stepwise conditional modeling demonstrates that multiple eQTL signals are present for ∼40% of over 3500 eGenes in both microarray datasets, and that the number of loci with additional signals reduces by approximately two-thirds with each conditioning step. Although <20% of the peak signals across platforms fine map to the same credible interval, the colocalization analysis finds that as many as 50–60% of the primary eQTL are actually shared. Subsequently, colocalization of eQTL signals with GWAS hits detected 1349 genes whose expression in peripheral blood is associated with 591 human phenotype traits or diseases, including enrichment for genes with regulatory functions. At least 10%, and possibly as many as 40%, of eQTL-trait colocalized signals are due to nonprimary cis-eQTL peaks, but just one-quarter of these colocalization signals replicated across the gene expression datasets. Our results are provided as a web-based resource for visualization of multi-site regulation of gene expression and its association with human complex traits and disease states.
Different Evolutionary Trajectories of Two Insect-Specific Paralogous Proteins Involved in Stabilizing Muscle Myofibrils
Authors: González-Morales Nicanor , Marsh Thomas W , Katzemich Anja , Marescal Océane , Xiao Yu Shu , Schöck Frieder
Published: May 2019

Alp/Enigma family members have a unique PDZ domain followed by zero to four LIM domains, and are essential for myofibril assembly across all species analyzed so far. Drosophila melanogaster has three Alp/Enigma family members, Zasp52, Zasp66, and Zasp67. Ortholog search and phylogenetic tree analysis suggest that Zasp genes have a common ancestor, and that Zasp66 and Zasp67 arose by duplication in insects. While Zasp66 has a conserved domain structure across orthologs, Zasp67 domains and lengths are highly variable. In flies, Zasp67 appears to be expressed only in indirect flight muscles, where it colocalizes with Zasp52 at Z-discs. We generated a CRISPR null mutant of Zasp67, which is viable but flightless. We can rescue all phenotypes by re-expressing a Zasp67 transgene at endogenous levels. Zasp67 mutants show extended and broken Z-discs in adult flies, indicating that the protein helps stabilize the highly regular myofibrils of indirect flight muscles. In contrast, a Zasp66 CRISPR null mutant has limited viability, but only mild indirect flight muscle defects illustrating the diverging evolutionary paths these two paralogous genes have taken since they arose by duplication.
Tolerance of DNA Replication Stress Is Promoted by Fumarate Through Modulation of Histone Demethylation and Enhancement of Replicative Intermediate Processing inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Saatchi Faeze , Kirchmaier Ann L
Published: May 2019

Genome integrity is fundamental to viability and health and can be impacted by metabolic alterations that affect chromatin composition. Saatchi and Kirchmaier present evidence that loss of fumarase, an ortholog of the tumor suppressor...

Fumarase is a well-characterized TCA cycle enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of fumarate to malate. In mammals, fumarase acts as a tumor suppressor, and loss-of-function mutations in the FH gene in hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer result in the accumulation of intracellular fumarate—an inhibitor of α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. Fumarase promotes DNA repair by nonhomologous end joining in mammalian cells through interaction with the histone variant H2A.Z, and inhibition of KDM2B, a H3 K36-specific histone demethylase. Here, we report that Saccharomyces cerevisiae fumarase, Fum1p, acts as a response factor during DNA replication stress, and fumarate enhances survival of yeast lacking Htz1p (H2A.Z in mammals). We observed that exposure to DNA replication stress led to upregulation as well as nuclear enrichment of Fum1p, and raising levels of fumarate in cells via deletion of FUM1 or addition of exogenous fumarate suppressed the sensitivity to DNA replication stress of htz1Δ mutants. This suppression was independent of modulating nucleotide pool levels. Rather, our results are consistent with fumarate conferring resistance to DNA replication stress in htz1Δ mutants by inhibiting the H3 K4-specific histone demethylase Jhd2p, and increasing H3 K4 methylation. Although the timing of checkpoint activation and deactivation remained largely unaffected by fumarate, sensors and mediators of the DNA replication checkpoint were required for fumarate-dependent resistance to replication stress in the htz1Δ mutants. Together, our findings imply metabolic enzymes and metabolites aid in processing replicative intermediates by affecting chromatin modification states, thereby promoting genome integrity.
Phenotypic features of patients with post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Rusu Flaviu Viorel , Mocanu Lorena , Dumitraşcu Dan Lucian
Published: May 2019

Background. Although there are many published data in the literature about irritable bowel syndrome, there are only few data on the long term evolution of patients with post infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) and associated conditions.
Aims. The purpose of our research was to study the evolution of PI-IBS patients in a single tertiary center over a period of four years.
Study Design. Our research was a longitudinal retrospective study.
Methods. We carried out this study based on the survey of the patients records. We recruited two groups of patients: patients with classical IBS and patients with PI-IBS. The IBS diagnosis was established using ROME III criteria, which were used at that time. We compared the two groups of patients by analyzing the demographic data, comorbidities, treatment that was prescribed, and evolution after treatment for a period of 48 month on average.
Results. From a total of 592 patients that were diagnosed with IBS between 2013-2016, we identified a subgroup of 64 patients with PI-IBS. These patients were also divided into two subgroups, depending on the main symptoms, 51 with PI-IBS – diarrhea and 13 of them with PI-IBS-constipation. IBS is the most commonly diagnosed among women, 45 patients were women and 15 were men. Regarding the frequency of occurrence of a certain subtype by gender, no significant differences were observed in both IBS and PI-IBS. We noticed a higher incidence of patients residents of an urban community in both groups.
The main symptoms were: abdominal pain and bowel disorders (constipation, diarrhea).
There was a significant difference between the two groups regarding the onset of the symptoms. From the total of 64 patients with PI-IBS, 88.3% presented a sudden onset of symptoms (mainly abdominal pain) unlike the other group where 81% of them presented a progressive onset, with an insidious progress and sporadic exacerbation. Most patients (65.63%) presented an improvement after the treatment, 25.56% oscillating periods but with a significant decrease of intensity of symptoms, and 7.8% did not show improvement after treatment.
The most common associated diseases were depression and anxiety (34.37%).
Conclusion IBS is generally present in approximately 11% of the population, with PI-IBS patients accounting for approximately 10% of them. Female gender is more common in both IBS and PI-IBS. Patients with PI-IBS are a burden in the health system in terms of the important economic resources used for diagnosis and treatment.
River travel as a direction for the development of tourism in Ukraine
Authors: Nezdoyminov S. G. , Milashovska O. I.
Published: May 2019

This article explores the present state of the functioning of the market of water travel, which influences the development of the sphere of recreation and tourism in Ukraine. The internal connections between problems of modernization of the river transport sector and processes of activation of the operation of tourism business entities are revealed. It is established that in Ukraine tourist transportation by river is declining within the boundaries of the country and the freight market of cruise ships of Ukrainian shipping companies is shrinking. There is a decrease in passenger traffic in the tourist market of Zaporizhzhya, Mykolaiv, Kherson, Odessa regions and in Ukraine as a whole, compared to 2005, by almost seven times. It is determined that the market of European cruise services increases the volume of tourist trips by inland waterways due to the construction of river liners and investment in port infrastructure. The main factors that negatively influence the development of river travel in Ukraine are analyzed; the most important are the lack of budgetary financial resources and foreign investments aimed at modernizing the tourist infrastructure by the construction of a river cruise and smalltonnage passenger fleet. Future directions of development of river trips and cruise tourism on the main waterways of Ukraine are proposed. The emphasis is placed on the necessity to develop a set of measures that ensure the activation of tourist traffic in river transport enterprises in the regions of Ukraine, the formation of an attractive climate for investment in the market for river cruises. It is determined that the introduction of modern instruments for managing tourist traffic on water transport requires the development of program measures for the revival of river passenger transport, modernization of tourist infrastructure. Development of river tourist trips in Ukraine will be facilitated by the development of a strategy for modernization of river ports and the construction of modern river passenger transport, the development of the freight market, attracting investment by international cruise companies and Ukrainian tour operators on the basis of public-private partnership. It is necessary to provide state support to domestic companies that carry out modernization and construction of new-generation passenger ships and small-tonnage passenger fleets to provide regional water transportation of tourists, their recreational services, to develop tourist trips and transportation on the Dnieper and the Danube, as well as water tourist routes between coastal tourist centres of the Black Sea.
Investigation of hydrogeomechanical parameters of loess massifs in conditions of technogenic underflooding and development of technical recommendations for strengthening of bases of foundations
Authors: Sadovenko I. O. , Puhach A. M. , Dereviahina N. I.
Published: May 2019

Based on the analysis of actual data and the results of numerical modeling, dependencies of deformations of the investigated residential complex due to technogenic moistening of a loess massif of soils are investigated. It was established that a dynamics of subsidence of bench marks in time is closely correlated with a moistening mode. In order to form a picture of dynamics of development of moistening phases of the massif and a quantitative estimation of main factors of their formation, a numerical model of the loess massif was built, based on the finite element approximation of the section of built-up area of the residential complex. Stability of a soil massif was estimated by the character of development of plastic deformation zones. Analysis of a stress-strain state of a rock massif indicated that water-saturated soils are partially in a state of plastic flow in a base. The development of shear deformations is most characteristic within a zone of the main moistening, as well as a boundary of its front. Development of rupture disturbances at the edge of the contour of buildings corresponds with the formation of tear cracks. An intensification of subsidence of buildings with simultaneous frontal and subvertical technogenic moistening of loess soils can be noted. Model estimations of a stress-strain state of the pile foundation, considering the uneven subsidence that occurred along the perimeter of residential buildings, show that the elastic mode of their deformation has not been exhausted. Options of redistribution of loads from residential sections onto an additional pile field, regulated base moistening and grouting of soils are considered as engineering measures to prevent further deformation of the residential complex. Stabilization of a soil base by means of high-pressure cementation is the most acceptable in the present conditions. Technological scheme of cementation of the soil base is recommended, as well as measures after the base stabilization, such as monitoring of further deformations of the complex itself and parking structures, and possibilities of constructing auxiliary drainage.
Georges Guerwich is the forerunner of the foundation of a sociological school at the Dnipro University
Authors: Kryvoshein V. V.
Published: May 2019

The role and place of Georges Guerwich in the foundation of a sociological school at the University of Dnipro. It was found out that at the beginning of his academic career, Georges Guerwich, a coryphae of the Paris School of Sociology, worked for some time at the University of Katerynoslav, thus having laid, at least implicitly, the seeds of sociological education in the Pridneprovsky region. The course of events preceding the opening of the classical university in Katerynoslav is described. It is also noted that when opening the Faculty of Law of the named above, special attention was paid to ensuring the sociological component of the training of future lawyers. Relying on the experience of Western European and especially American universities, it was proposed at the opening of the Faculty of Law in Katerynoslav to establish a department of sociology. For this mission to the University of Katerynoslav, a talented graduate of the Petrograd University George George Gurvich was invited, who is a pupil of intellectual leaders of the Russian law school L. Petrazhitsky, P. Novgorodtsev, F. Taranovsky. While working at the Department of Encyclopedia, History of Philosophy of Law, he laid the foundations of sociological culture at this institution of higher education. It is proved that his general sociological views have a phenomenological basis. G. Gurvich determined that the object of sociology is sui generis phenomena, which are neither reduced to physical nor chemical, biological or psychological phenomena, and the explanation of their main attributes is the main task of sociology. In this case, the main attributes of social phenomena may be in agreement or in conflict. Characterized by the sociological views of Georges Gurvich, it was noted that his sociology is distinguished by the principal attention to theoretical and methodological issues, the phenomenological angle of considering social problems, the elucidation of the historical and genetic foundations of social processes. It was emphasized that it is precisely this focus of the problem’s consideration that is inherent in a sociological school formed at the Dnipro University. Georges Guerwich’s intellectual heritage, academic and scientific-organizational activities are of great importance for the development of world sociology. He co-operated with P. Sorokin, N. Timashev, F. Stepun, P. Struve, and maintained friendly relations with L. Brunswick, L. Lévy-Bruhl, M. Mouss, M. Halbwachs, T. Parsons, R. Merton and others luminaries of modern sociological science. His lectures were attended by J.-P. Sartre and J. Lacan.