bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KUTA HANTAPANG, BENTENG MASYARAKAT NGAJU DI KALIMANTAN TENGAH
Authors: Sunarningsih Sunarningsih
Published: June 2019

Ngaju adalah salah satu penduduk asli Kalimantan yang tinggal di sepanjang sungai Barito, Kapuas, danKahayan, di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Kuta adalah benteng yang dibangun untuk pertahanan selama periode pengayauan. Kuta Hantapang terletak di pemukiman tua (kaleka) masyarakat Dayak Ngaju di Desa Hantapang, Kabupaten Rungan Hulu, Kabupaten Gunungmas, Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Situs ini penting karena relatif lebih utuh dibandingkan denganyang lain. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pembagian ruang di dalam kuta, dan untuk mengetahui kronologinya. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah survei, ekskavasi (test pit), wawancara, dan studi kepustakaan, sedangkan jenis analisis data yang dilakukan adalah analisis artefak, analisis spasial, dan analisis pertanggalan (relatif dan absolut). Hasilnya memberikan informasi tentang ragam data arkeologi yang tersedia di situs tersebut, dandeskripsi tentang pembagian ruang dalam kuta. Berdasarkan hasil duabelas kotak uji (TP I — TP XII) yang dibuka selama penelitian, dapat diketahui ukuran pagar dan bentuknya, yaitu persegi empat. Artefak yang ditemukan dapat menggambarkankegiatan penduduknya, seperti fragmen keramik asing yang terbuat dari porselen dan stoneware (kebanyakan dari Dinasti Qing dan Ming Akhir), manik-manik kaca dan batu dengan berbagai warna (kebanyakan manik-manik kaca berwarna birutua dan Indo-Pasifik) , botol kaca hijau (berbentuk bulat dan persegi), alat tulis (pensil/garip), alat logam (terutama dari besi seperti paku, pisau kecil, parang, wajan, kuningan seperti gelang dan jepit rambut), dan alat batu (batu asah). Hasil analisis absolut untuk lima sampel pilar kayu dan sampel arang menunjukkan bahwa umur tiang berasal dari kisaran 1300 s.d. 1400 M, hanya sampel arang yang menunjukkan usia termuda dari tahun 1800 Masehi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa awal berdirinya Kuta Hantapang sekitar tahun 1300 Masehi - 1400 Masehi, dan terus dihuni sampai tahun 1800 M, bahkansampai tahun 1932 sebagai tahun tiwah (upacara kematian) yang terakhir diadakan di benteng, periode hunian yang cukup panjang.
RAGAM BENTUK ARTEFAK KAYU SITUS CINDAI ALUS, KABUPATEN BANJAR, KALIMANTAN SELATAN (THE FORMS OF WOODEN ARTIFACTS FROM CINDAI ALUS, IN THE REGENCY OF BANJAR, SOUTH KALIMANTAN PROVINCE)
Authors: Sunarningsih, M.A. NFn
Published: June 2019

Sebagai pulau yang memiliki wilayah hutan yang luas, Kalimantan kaya akan sumberdaya hayati berupa kayu. Kayu dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat guna menunjang kegiatan dan keperluan sehari-hari hingga sekarang. Pemanfaatan kayu sebagai alat tampaknya telah dimulai sejak masa lampau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan ragam data arkeologi dari kayu (artefak kayu) dan fungsinya, yang ditemukan di situs pemukiman kuno Cindai Alus, Kabupaten Banjar, Kalimantan Selatan. Data tersebut selanjutnya akan dibandingkan dengan ragam peralatan kayu yang menjadi koleksi Museum Lambung Mangkurat, temuan di situs pemukiman kuno, dan yang masih digunakan oleh masyarakat sekarang. Hasil penelitian memberikan gambaran ragam bentuk (yang masih bertahan dan yang sudah ditinggalkan) dan peranan peralatan kayu bagi masyarakat di Kalimantan Selatan.Kata kunci: Kalimantan Selatan, Cindai Alus, pemukiman kuno, artefak kayu.As an island that has a vast forest area, Kalimantan is rich in biological resources of wood. Wood used by the community to support activities and daily needs until now. Utilization of wood as a tool seems to have started since the past. This study aims to describe the variety of archaeological data from wood (wooden artifacts) and its function which have been found on the site of ancient settlements namely Cindai Alus, in Banjar district, South Kalimantan. The data will be compared with the variety of wooden equipments that became museum collections, the wooden artifacts from other ancient settlement sites, and which are still used by the community now. The results provide a picture of the various forms (that are still survive and which have been abandoned) and the roles of wooden equipments for the community.Keywords: South Kalimantan, Cindai Alus, ancient settlement, wooden artifacts.
Aprendiendo y Sobresaliendo: Resilient Indigeneity & Yucatec-Maya youth
Authors: Casanova Saskias
Published: June 2019

Relatively little research has focused on the experiences of students and families of Yucatec-Maya origin in the U.S., and even less has focused on Yucatec-Maya youth and resilience, a normative process of positive adaptation despite exposure to adversity. Using Critical Latinx Indigeneities, which centers on Indigeneity across multi-national spaces, sociohistorical colonialities, and migrations, this study examines how Indigenous identity, familial linguistic and cultural practices, and resilience processes relate to one another for 10 (three girls) California-based Yucatec-Maya students. Through interview data, the themes that emerge expose discrimination as one form of adversity Yucatec-Maya students experience. There are three overarching themes related to the students’ collective resilience process and the emergence of resilient Indigenous identities: 1) their lived, linguistic, familial, and community-based experiences; 2) familial support and academic resilience; and 3) transformational welcoming spaces. These protective processes contribute to the students’ agency in [re]defining their resilient Indigenous identities in the U.S.
Linguistic Motherwork in the Zapotec Diaspora: Zapoteca Mothers’ Perspectives on Indigenous Language Maintenance
Authors: Martínez Ramón Antonio , Mesinas Melisa
Published: June 2019

This article explores Indigenous Mexican mothers’ perspectives on multilingualism and Indigenous language maintenance in their children’s lives. Drawing on interview data from a larger qualitative study of language and ideology among multilingual children in Los Angeles, California, the article examines the perspectives of four Zapotec mothers who have children in a local public school with a Spanish-English dual language program. The interview data highlight what these women think and do with respect to the maintenance of the Zapotec language in the lives of their school-aged children. Critical Latinx Indigeneities and the feminist notion of linguistic motherwork are used to highlight the intersectional nature of these women’s efforts to construct and sustain indigeneity in diaspora.
CONHECIMENTO DOS ESTUDANTES DE ENFERMAGEM NO ESTÁGIO DE AUDITORIA DE ASSISTÊNCIA EM UM HOSPITAL DE ENSINO
Authors: VASCONCELOS Joyce Oliveira de , FARIA JUNIOR Geraldo Magela de , CURY-BORIM Bruna , TRUZZI Ingrid Gomes de Campos , JERICÓ Marli de Carvalho
Published: June 2019

A auditoria de enfermagem pode ser classificada em auditoria de assistência e auditoria de custos, sendo competência do enfermeiro executar as informações descritas que devem refletir o atendimento prestado, avaliar as contas hospitalares, analisar a assistência de enfermagem; emitir pareceres; participar da elaboração, planejamento, execução e avaliação dos programas nas instituições. O objetivo desse estudo é avaliar o conhecimento dos estudantes sobre auditoria clínica no estágio de Enfermagem em um hospital especializado. Consiste em um estudo transversal, descritivo e retrospectivo em hospital especializado na saúde da criança e da mulher do sudeste brasileiro. O estudo foi realizado com acadêmicos do 4º ano do curso de graduação em Enfermagem, que fizeram estágio extracurricular de auditoria clínica. O instrumento para coleta de dados composto de 10 questões foi aplicado em dois momentos, antes e após o estágio. O estudo contou com a participação de 11 acadêmicos, sendo a maioria do gênero feminino, com predominância da faixa etária de 20 a 24 anos, e apenas 02 participantes relataram ter experiência na área da saúde. Observou-se que, após o estágio extracurricular, o número de acertos foi maior em nove das dez questões aplicadas e a média de acertos passou de 5,7 para 8,0. Antes do estágio, o conhecimento dos estudantes sobre os indicadores de qualidade e segurança era insuficiente. Assim, identifica-se a necessidade de atualização nas disciplinas dos cursos de enfermagem e de incentivar a realização de estágios extracurriculares na área de auditoria, de forma a nortear o acadêmico sobre as necessidades do mercado de trabalho atual.
O poema e os germes de tudo
Authors: Fiorussi André
Published: June 2019

Livro resenhado:AQUEIVA, Marco. Germes entre dias brancos. São Paulo: Patuá, 2016. ---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25094/rtp.2019n27a572
PENGGUNAAN DESIGN THINKING DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK KERAJINAN IKM (Studi Kasus: Sentra Kerajinan Patung Kayu, Subang)
Authors: Ardian Noel Febry , Werdhaningsih Hendriana
Published: June 2019

Collaboration between craftsmen and product designers is one of the solutions for sustainable development of IKM products. Craftsmen need to be introduced to the creative process in producing new products. One that can be applied is Design Thinking. This process is considered in accordance with the way the craftsman works which generally "learning by doing" and not theoretical. Design Thinking process introduced in a workshop activity. The process of finding ideas begins by stimulating empathy to produce new ideas that are different from what they have been doing so far.

Through this workshop several solutions were produced in the form of prototypes. This activity also produces a better work pattern that is more creative and productive in generating new ideas. The usage of story-telling in expressing ideas or thoughts is also preferebly and effective as a medium of discussion among craftsmen.

Abstrak

Kolaborasi antara perajin dan desainer produk merupakan salah satu

Perajin perlu dikenalkan pada .Proses ini merupakan alat pemecahan masalah yang berpusat pada manusia, menekankan kolaborasi dan spontanitas. Proses ini dianggap sesuai dengan pola kerja perajin yang

umumnya “learning by doing”, praktis dan bukan teoritis.

Proses pencarian ide dimulai dengan merangsang empati untuk menghasilkan ide baru yang berbeda dari yang selama ini dihasilkan. Melalui workshop ini, dihasilkan beberapa solusi dalam bentuk prototype produk baru. Kegiatan ini juga menghasilkan sebuah pola kerja yang lebih baik, kreatif dan produktif dalam mewujudkan ide. Metode bercerita dalam mengutarakan ide atau pikiran juga lebih digemari dan efektif sebagai media diskusi diantara para perajin.
KEBERTAHANAN ATAP GONJONG DAN PERUBAHAN ARSITEKTUR DI WILAYAH SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Damayanti Resky Annisa
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Rumah Gadang is often referred to as Rumah Bagonjong. The typical gonjong roof and character in accordance with the identity of the people of West Sumatra. At present, many people do not understand the meaning of the gonjong roof. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the sustainability of the gonjong roof in West Sumatra by paying attention to the philosophy and symbolic meaning of the gonjong roof itself as seen from its application to the building of modern architecture. The method used is descriptive qualitative which starts from the field. Data and

information obtained from the field are drawn from their meanings and concepts through descriptive analytical exposure and without using numbers because they prioritize the process. In the end, this research will reveal the facts, phenomena, and circumstances that occur.

The results showed that the gonjong roof was 'forced' to survive in the midst of modern architectural changes, and this led to a shift in cultural meanings and values which actually threatened the original symbolic values.

Rumah Gadang sering kali disebut dengan Rumah Bagonjong. Atap

gonjongnya yang khas dan berkarakter sesuai dengan jati diri masyarakat

Sumatera Barat. Pada masa sekarang, banyak masyarakatnya yang tidak

paham akan makna atap gonjong. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui

dan menganalisis kebertahanan atap gonjong di Sumatera Barat dengan

memperhatikan filosofi dan makna simbolik dari atap gonjong itu sendiri

dilihat dari penerapannya pada bangunan arsitektur modern. Metode yang

digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif yang dimulai dari lapangan. Data dan

informasi yang diperoleh dari lapangan ditarik makna dan konsepnya

melalui pemaparan secara deskriptif analitik dan tanpa menggunakan angka

karena lebih mengutamakan proses. Pada akhirnya, penelitian ini akan

mengungkapkan fakta, fenomena, dan keadaan yang terjadi.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa atap gonjong 'dipaksa' bertahan di

tengah perubahan arsitektur modern sekarang ini, dan hal tersebut

menyebabkan terjadinya pergeseran makna dan nilai budaya yang justru

mengancam nilai-nilai simbolik yang masih asli.
KEGIATAN PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT : Perancangan Sarana Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Untuk Sekolah Cahaya Al-fuqron, Desa Gunung Sari, Kecamatan Mauk, Kabupaten Tanggerang
Authors: Gumulya Devanny , Adiputra Ryan
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Early childhood education is one of the most important stages in the process of child growth. This program was designed in order to prepare young children for further education at the elementary school stage. However, many early childhood education facilities, especialy owned by the government located in villages still have unfeasible facilities, based on data from Early Childhood Education Association in 2016. From unfit buildings to inadequate learning facilities. UPH saw this as an oppounity to do

community service, since it is necessary to design an appropriate and suitable learning tool for children in their early childhood age, in which case study was conduct on an early childhood education facility located in a village in Mauk area, Cahaya Al Fuqron. The design process begins with researching data through observation to the facility, interviews with the people in the area as well expert on the early childhood education.

The results were twenty multifunction furnitures designed and produced for the school. Hopefully in the long run this can be developed to another inadequate early childhood education facilities in other villages and provide appropriate and suitable facilities to the children with lower-middle class target market. The design also supports the home-based furniture industry and as an effort to support and assisting early childhood education nationally.
STUDI KEMIRIPAN LOGO DUA PERUSAHAAN: GTV DAN GOOGLE
Authors: Listya Ariefika , Junianto Reza , Mirta Mirta
Published: June 2019

Abstract Logo Similarity Study of Two Companies: GTV and Google. GTV (Global TV) is one of private TV station in Indonesia under management of PT. Media Nusantara Citra Tbk (MNC group). In 2017, GTV (Global TV) changed its logo with an iconic G but cause the perception of netizens that it was similar to Google. Although GTV area of business is different from Google, which is GTV in entertainment television media and Google in information technology area, the similarity of logos will be an obstacle of GTV brand image as private television station in Indonesia. The aim of the researchis to find out how is the similarities, and what underlies GTV so that they redesign the logo which similar to Google. This study uses descriptive qualitative research method with aesthetic and marketing science approaches. The results showed the similarities located on the letter G of the GTV’s does’nt seem to mean intentionally imitate the letter G of Google’s because it turned out long before the Google logo established,formalistic aspects of the GTV logo were already existed on the past logo. The GTV logo appearance has relevance to what are underlying the logo redesign. However, the similarity between them where Google is a global company which larger than GTV seems to be affected GTV images.AbstrakStudi Kemiripan Logo Dua Perusahaan: GTV dan Google. GTV (Global TV)merupakan salah satu stasiun TV swasta di Indonesia di bawah PT. Media NusantaraCitra Tbk (MNC group). GTV mengganti logonya di awal tahun 2017 dengan G yang ikonik namun menimbulkan persepsi beberapa warganet bahwa logonya mirip dengan Google. Meski area bisnis GTV berbeda dengan Google di mana GTV bergerak di bidang hiburan pada televisi dan Google dalam dunia teknologi informasi, namun kemiripan logo menjadi kendala bagi citra brand GTV sebagai stasiun televisi swasta besar diIndonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kemiripan desain logo kedua perusahaan itu, dan apa yang mendasari GTV melakukan perubahan logo yang hasilnya mirip dengan Google. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan estetika dan pendekatan ilmu pemasaran. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan kemiripan logo yang terletak pada huruf G logo GTV dengan huruf G pada logo Google nampaknya bukan bermaksud menyengaja untuk meniru karena ternyata jauh sebelum logo Google muncul, aspek formalistik desain logo GTV sudah ada pada logo lamanya. Tampilan logonya juga mempunyai keterkaitan denganapa yang melatarbelakangi pergantian logonya. Namun begitu, kemiripan logo GTV dengan Google yang merupakan brand yang besar dan mendunia nampaknya dapat mempengaruhi citra brand GTV.
KLASIFIKASI DAN TAKSONOMI EKSPLORASI VISUAL DALAM MONOGRAM
Authors: Hananto Brian Alvin
Published: June 2019

AbstractClassification and Taxonomy of Visual Explorations in Monogram. Today we can find many monograms being designed. A monogram is composed by using two or more letters. These letters composition is used as a sign that is often used for identification, similar like a logo. As the design of monogram itself uses letters as it’s fundamental elemen, this indicates that typography is an essential knowledge to be learnt to enabledesigners to create monograms. This paper using 16 samples that were taken from several classes from the Visual Communication Design department on Universitas Pelita Harapan. A classification on the visual explorations created from samples that were found. The result were six different categories on explorations approaches for designing monograms. From the six categories, the categories maped and created ataxonomy based on the level of understanding of structure on letter and monograms. The taxonomy and classifications resulted from the study is expected to be applicable for design explorations concerning monogram designs, may it be on class, or outside of class.AbstrakKlasifikasi dan Taksonomi Eksplorasi Visual dalam Monogram. Dewasa ini terdapat banyak desain monogram yang bermunculan. Monogram tersusun dari dua atau lebih huruf yang disusun guna menjadi sebuah penanda identitas. Desain monogram yang menggunakan huruf sebagai elemen fundamentalnya tentu tidak lepas dari pemahaman tipografi. Dengan pemahaman yang cukup, eksplorasi menjadi hal yang terfasilitasi dan tidak mustahil untuk dilakukan. Pembahasan ini menggunakan 16 sampel hasil karya mahasiswa yang diambil dari perkuliahan mata kuliah Tipografi Dasar di program studi Desain Komunikasi Visual pada Universitas Pelita Harapan. Dari keseluruhan sampel dibuat klasifikasi terhadap eksplorasi-eksplorasi visual yang ditemukan. Hasilnya adalahenam kategori pendekatan eksplorasi visual untuk perancangan monogram. Dari keenam kategori tersebut, dipetakan kategori-kategori tersebut dan disusun sebuah taksonomi berdasarkan tingkatan pemahaman dan penguasaan dari struktur huruf dan monogram.Taksonomi serta klasifikasi ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai basis dalam eksplorasi desain monogram lainnya, baik dalam praktik di kelas maupun di luar kelas
Kajian Attractiveness Promosi Budaya dalam Unsur Visual Atraktif Website Pariwisata BandungNG
Authors: Kalbuadi Gandung Anugrah , Sunarya Yan Yan , Murwonugroho Wegig
Published: June 2019

AbstractToday website as a branding media becomes business of a outstanding product globally. As the department of culture and tourism Bandung do for doing branding of the Bandung city through the official website bandungtourism.com (Stunning Bandung). Attractive tourism website will attract user if it has an attractive and informative layout, and it is not on the official website stunning Bandung. Visualization on website has theories such as website usability theory, user friendly, attractive design thoery, tourism promotion and also other supporting theories for the research. The research was using phenomenology methodology and supported by content analysis method, so that the research can achieve optimal result. Based on that method it take field research through the perspective of user experience website. The Bandung tourism website should be attractive fit with user experience and user interface website. The results and conclusions of this study are the attractiveness factors of the website and the desain of attractive tourism website which can propose as a reference for the promotion of tourism in other county.   AbstrakPada masa sekarang ini website sebagai media branding menjadi kewajiban sebuah produk agar dapat beredar secara global. Seperti yang dilakukan oleh dinas kebudayaan dan pariwisata Bandung dalam melakukan branding terhadap kota Bandung melalui website resmi bandungtourism.com (Stunning Bandung). Website pariwisata akan menarik bagi user jika memiliki tampilan atraktif dan informatif, dan hal itu tidak ada pada website resmi stunning Bandung. Visualisasi tersebut memiliki teori-teori website seperti teori usability website, user friendly, teori desain atraktif, promosi pariwisata serta teori-teori lain pendukung penelitian ini. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metodologi fenomenologi dan ditunjang metode analisis isi, agar penelitian dapat mencapai hasil optimal. Berdasarkan pendekatan tersebut maka dilakukan riset lapangan melalui perspektif user experience website. Tampilan website pariwisata Bandung harus menarik dan atraktif sesuai dengan user experience dan user interface website. Hasil dan kesimpulan dari penelitian ini berupa temuan faktor-faktor atraktif pendukung website dan ditemukannya usulan website pariwisata Bandung yang lebih atraktif yang bisa dijadikan acuan untuk promosi pariwisata daerah lain.Kata kunci : visualisasi, website, promosi
Ramadan dan Promosional: Strategi Komunikasi Pemasaran PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk
Authors: Pertiwi Amalia , Jusnita Raden Ayu Erni , Maela Nurannafi Farni Syam
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this research is to know marketing communication strategy conducted by PT. Unilever Indonesia Tbk. using media webpage in increasing sales especially in the month of Ramadan. This research uses descriptive research type using qualitative method. Data collection techniques used in this study are literature study and field study of field observation (field obersvation) and depth interviews (depth interview) on the parties who play an important role in PT. Unilever Indonesia Tbk. Based on the results of research, found that marketing communication strategy conducted by PT. Unilever Indonesia through media webpage is known to be quite effective in increasing consumer buying interest and increasing sales during the session. By using marketing mix on E-marketing Mix that is, Product (product), Price (price), place (place).Keywords: Marketing Communication, Webpage, PT. Unilever Indonesia Tbk
Dynamic Perturbation of the Electrical Double Layer with an Electrochemical AFM for Confined Metal Electrodeposition
Authors: Alarcon Esther , aarts mark
Published: June 2019

We demonstrate the directed electrochemical deposition of copper nanostructures by using an oscillating nanoelectrode operated with an atomic force microscope (AFM). Strikingly, the writing is only possible in highly dilute electrolytes and for a particular combination of AFM and electrochemical parameters. We propose a mechanism based on cyclic charging and discharging of the electrical double layer (EDL). The extended screening length and slower charge dynamics in dilute electrolytes allows the nanoelectrode to operate inside, and disturb, the EDL even for large oscillation amplitudes (~100 nm). Our unique approach can not only be used for controlled additive nano-fabrication but also provides insights into ion behavior and EDL dynamics at the solid-liquid interface.
Prevalence of spoilage mold in coffee before and after brewing
Authors: Kusumaningrum H.D. , Rasyidah M.M.
Published: June 2019

Commercial ground coffee must be safe for consumption and comply with the regulation
applied in a country. However, the risk of the occurrence of spoilage molds in commercial
ground coffee, particularly toxigenic mold originated from coffee cherries or green beans,
is still a major concern of the coffee industry. This study evaluated the prevalence of
spoilage mold in fifteen brands of commercial ground coffee. The spoilage molds were
also determined after traditional brewing (non-filtration brewing). The mold counts were
enumerated on dichloran-glycerol 18% agar by spread plate method. The spoilage molds
were also morphologically identified after isolation on malt extract agar and potato
dextrose agar. The results showed that low numbers of molds were found in all samples
before brewing, in a range of 10 to 200 CFU/g. A total of eleven genera were identified.
Aspergillus, Cladosporium and Penicillium were found as the predominating genera. After
brewing, molds from genera Alternaria and Aspergillus were still found. However, the
total counts decreased to the level between undetected to an average of 3 CFU/mL. This
study highlighted that very low levels of spoilage mold was recovered after brewing which
may not pose a health risk.
Legal Transplants: Word-Building and Word-Borrowing in Slavic and South Pacific Legal Discourse
Authors: Jamieson Nigel J
Published: June 2019

The Slavic and South Pacific languages and legal systems are geographically distant from each other. However this paper argues that similar equivocally progressive or regressive changes operate in each with critical, and often controversial, consequences for lawyers, linguists and all others engaged in communicative enterprise. This article explores those issues and concludes with proposing a six-point model for the successful working of legal transplants.
Language and Anglican Canon Law – Dabbling Briefly into Another Legal World
Authors: Atkin Bill R
Published: June 2019

Canon law is a body of rules that govern churches. It has a venerable history and has at times marched in step with the common law. It has a specialised vocabulary – even the word canon – much of which is derived from Greek. It also has sophisticated legislative systems, which vary from denomination to denomination and from place to place. In the case of the Anglican Church of New Zealand, the system is in part based on the Westminster model but has been modified when thought appropriate, with the result that the language used is partly familiar to the average lawyer but partly not. The exact legal nature of canon law is uncertain and may depend in part on whether the church is the established religion or not. In New Zealand where there is no establishment, a comparison could be made, inter alia, with customary law.
The China-NZ FTA and Waxing Juridical
Authors: Ye Ruiping , Kesebohm Ricarda
Published: June 2019

This article considers the translation of legal personality and the use of the word juridical in the China-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement.
Les Langues de Polynésie Française et la Constitution: Liberté, Egalité, Identité
Authors: Debène Marc
Published: June 2019

The languages in use in French Polynesia alongside French are a matter of cultural and current political concern. For France it is a constitutional issue. Professor Debène provides the background to, and a close analysis of, the issue. Given the daily use of Tahitian languages with French in French Polynesia, one solution to these concerns is to do nothing. Another solution – the one here proposed – is to amend art 74 of the French Constitution to provide specifically for the use in overseas countries of both French and other languages. This would guarantee language freedom and well-organised local language education.
Can the Polynesian Languages be Used in the Proceedings of the Assembly of French Polynesia?
Authors: Moyrand Alain
Published: June 2019

In 2010 the European Court of Human Rights rejected a petition relating to the right to use a Polynesian language in the Assembly of French Polynesia. This article considers the relationship between the French Constitution and the Organic Law, relating to the status of French Polynesia, and the use of languages other than French in the proceedings of the Assembly of French Polynesia. The consequences of case law for the use of a Polynesian language in the Assembly of French Polynesia are also examined. The article concludes is that there is no right to use a Polynesian language in the French Polynesian Assembly, but that the use of Tahitian and other Polynesian languages is a long established practice of the Assembly and that their use in a number of limited cases does not render the proceedings in which they are used invalid.
The Use of Tangata Whenua and Mana Whenua in New Zealand Legislation: Attempts at Cultural Recognition
Authors: Iorns Magallanes Catherine
Published: June 2019

This paper discusses the range of uses of the phrases tangata whenua and mana whenua in New Zealand Acts, the issues that have arisen as a consequence, and identifies some suggestions for addressing those issues.
Translating Decolonisation
Authors: Gomez Rodrigo
Published: June 2019

Rodrigo Gomez is a Chilean lawyer who completed a Master of Arts in Pacific Studies with Distinction at Victoria University of Wellington in 2010. The thesis was on the self-determination of the people of Rapa Nui (Easter Island). The thesis begins with this poem. It was written before the troubles in Hanga Roa of July 2010 but is well contextualised by those and more recent events on Easter Island. "Sangrienta repression en Rapa Nui" (2010) The Clinic .
Coup Culture: The Military and the Failure of Constitutionalism in Fiji
Authors: Wilson Sarah
Published: June 2019

Fiji's Interim Military Government has now been in power for nearly five years. Since that time elections have been promised for 2014, but whether those elections will take place, or how they will be carried out in practice, remains to be seen. This paper is a focus on the checks and balances on the Military Forces in Fiji, and how those could be adapted to restrict military power in the island state.
In Memory of Dr George Barton QC
Authors: Grice Christine
Published: June 2019

Speech notes presented at the special memorial sitting of the High Court in Wellington for Dr George Barton QC on 6 July 2011 at 4.30 pm.
International Law 1960 to 2010: Now and Then
Authors: Keith Kenneth J
Published: June 2019

In this tribute, I look back over 50 years of developments in selected areas of international law. I do this in part to prompt thought about future developments. I emphasise the importance of enduring principles and good process and the role they may play in facing massive new challenges arising across the globe, in balancing continuity and change, heritage and heresy.
Peacekeeping Forces, Jurisdiction and Immunity: A Tribute to George Barton
Authors: Clark Roger S
Published: June 2019

George Barton wrote his PhD thesis at Cambridge on "Jurisdiction over Visiting Forces". He published three spinoffs from the thesis in the British Yearbook of International Law.  In all of these – each a tour de force in examining elusive and arcane State practice – he was at great pains to deny various supposed customary rules recognising immunity of foreign armed forces in the courts of a State in which they were visiting by consent. He worked in the United Nations Secretariat in New York just as the practice of United Nations peacekeeping began to develop. In this tribute, I try to imagine that he returned to the subject some 60 years later. Affecting, as best I can, the style of Dr Barton circa 1950, I offer some guesses as to how he might assess six decades of developments in law and practice in the multilateral context in which the United Nations, and especially the Secretariat and the Security Council, have been major actors.
The Common Law Mind of George Barton
Authors: McLachlan Campbell
Published: June 2019

Dr George Barton’s remarkable life in the law exemplified two themes of general lasting importance. The first is the need to ensure that, in its progressive development, the New Zealand legal system takes full advantage of its membership of the wider common law family of legal systems. McLachlan argues that this is not merely a matter of optional comparative reference, pursuing a vague notion of transnational law. Rather, consideration of other common law authority is integral to legal reasoning in New Zealand and essential if the New Zealand legal system is to avoid the risk of insularity. The second general theme is the contribution that New Zealand can make to the practical achievement of international human rights, particularly within the same family of legal systems. McLachlan develops these two linked themes by reference to his personal experience of working with Dr Barton on Commonwealth legal matters over the last 30 years.
Multi-textualism, 'Treaty Hegemony' and the Waitangi Tribunal: Making Sense of 19th Century Crown-Māori Negotiations in Te Urewera
Authors: Blumhardt Hannah
Published: June 2019

Between 1894 and 1896 the Crown conducted negotiations with Tūhoe which culminated in the 1895 Urewera Agreement and the Urewera District Native Reserve Act 1896. This article considers the constitutional implications of these negotiations and the resulting agreement and legislation. Adopting a 'multi-textual' conception of New Zealand legal history, and paying heed to the fact that Tūhoe did not sign the Treaty of Waitangi, the article argues that the Crown-Tūhoe relationship should be grounded predominantly in the 1895–1896 Agreement rather than the Treaty of Waitangi. In making this argument the article critiques the Waitangi Tribunal’s approach to these particular points in the first two pre-publications of its Te Urewera Report. The article argues that in finding that the Crown-Tūhoe negotiations and agreement signalled the beginning of a relationship based upon the Treaty of Waitangi, the Waitangi Tribunal erred in its approach.
The Treaty of Waitangi as an Exercise of Māori Constituent Power
Authors: Orsman Jessica
Published: June 2019

This article analyses the Treaty of Waitangi in light of Carl Schmitt's concept of constituent power – the idea that in a democracy the people hold the power to make fundamental political decisions to determine their form of political existence. It finds that in 1840, Māori, as the holders of constituent power, made a fundamental political decision to share authority between themselves and the Crown. This fundamental political decision is a key element of the New Zealand constitution; limiting potential constitutional changes that would override the substance of the decision, and requiring changes to the current legal framework in order to comply with the decision to share authority. This article focuses solely on the conservative implications of characterising the Treaty as a fundamental political decision. It concludes that only a further exercise of constituent power by Māori can legitimately override or significantly change the fundamental political decision in the Treaty.
Multi-Link Leisure Developments Ltd v North Lanarkshire Council: Commercial Interpretation or Relief From a Bad Bargain?
Authors: Taylor AdÃ¨le
Published: June 2019

In the 2011 decision Multi-Link Leisure Developments Ltd v North Lanarkshire Council, the United Kingdom Supreme Court purported to apply a business common sense approach to the interpretation of an option clause in a lease.  In particular, several of the Lords identified that the one possible interpretation of the clause would lead to a "windfall" – a significant financial advantage – for the appellant. Their reasons hinged significantly on their view that this was a consequence inconsistent with commercial sense, which the parties were unlikely to have intended. This article analyses the relevance of a "windfall" in the context of the modern common sense approach to the construction of contracts. It concludes that the Court’s reliance upon a "windfall" of this kind goes beyond the bounds of commercial interpretation and introduces problematic notions of substantive fairness into a business common sense approach to the interpretation of contracts.
Humanitarian Concerns and Deportation Orders Under the Immigration Act 2009: Are International Obligations Enough Protection for the Immigrant with Mental Illness?
Authors: Fadgen Timothy P , Charlton Guy
Published: June 2019

New Zealand has long prided itself as a champion for human rights within the international community. At the same time, local immigration laws have been tightened and long-standing recognition of the rights of migrants has been eroded. One sub-class of migrants, and the focus of this article, are migrants suffering from a mental illness. This article addresses the narrow question of rights accorded these individuals under the Immigration Act 2009 in light of New Zealand's long-standing international human rights obligations. The article questions the protection afforded an individual facing deportation under this Act in light of statutory changes that no longer require an immigration officer to issue a justification for issuing an order of deportation and argues, in light of this legislative change, that a "hard look" standard of review is required if the judiciary is to continue to have any meaningful role in ensuring executive compliance with international obligations.
A Case for Including Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990
Authors: Opie Joss
Published: June 2019

Economic, social and cultural rights are fundamental human rights, but New Zealand domestic law does not recognise them as such. This article discusses some of the difficulties this omission creates for the protection of these rights, and critiques the reasons for not including them in the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990. It argues that economic, social and cultural rights should have the same legal status in New Zealand as civil and political rights: that is, justiciable rights which are also directly relevant to statutory interpretation, and law and policy-making.
Expert Teaming – Bridging the Divide Between Party-Appointed and Tribunal Appointed Experts
Authors: Schmidt-Ahrendts Nils
Published: June 2019

It appears to be a given in international arbitration that expert evidence is provided by party-appointed experts. This is despite the fact that one increasingly hears complaints that such evidence is of little value because it advocates too much in the interests of the party presenting it and tribunals often have to decide between diametrically opposite opinions and irreconcilable conclusions. While techniques such as "pre-hearing meetings" and "witness conferencing" seek to address these concerns, international arbitral practice has shown that these techniques are not always sufficient to combat the disadvantages of party-appointed experts. Fewer efforts have been made to remove the concerns expressed with regard to tribunal-appointed experts. This article describes a technique which seeks to combine the advantages of party-appointed and tribunal-appointed experts. The technique has been successfully applied in several International Criminal Court arbitration proceedings and has become known as "expert teaming" as well as the "Sachs Protocol".
Foreword: International Dispute Resolution - Demystifying the New Frontier
Authors: Butler Petra
Published: June 2019

As a trading nation and one that has always looked to the wider world, New Zealand's international engagement is key to the country's wellbeing and prosperity. Despite this, it seems that there is a lack of awareness and understanding of issues with regards to international dispute resolution in New Zealand. This article serves as a foreword for this issue of the Victoria University of Wellington Law Review which introduces the inaugural New Zealand Law Foundation International Dispute Resolution lecture given by Lucy Reed of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer, as well as the following seminar on the same issues.
Towards a Nuclear-Weapon-Free World: How Can the World Resolve the Disharmony Between the UNSC and UNGA?
Authors: Nakanishi Hiroaki
Published: June 2019

Global momentum towards a "Nuclear-Weapon-Free World" (NWFW) has been growing since the end of the Cold War. Nevertheless, in the international community, it is still difficult to discern a unified voice about how to approach a NWFW, utilising international law. This is possibly because of ongoing disagreement between nuclear weapon States (NWS) and non-nuclear weapon States (NNWS), particularly the non-aligned countries. The issue revolves around the understanding of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), especially art 6 of that treaty which sets out the contracting parties' nuclear disarmament obligations. Reflecting the discord between the NWS and NNWS, this article sheds light on the gap between the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) and the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA)'s perceptions of, and actions taken towards, the realisation of a NWFW. The article calls for the minimisation of disharmony by reinvestigating the roles of the United Nations system and the NPT in establishing a NWFW, and through observing the UNGA's current position.
Can Mr Zaoui Freely Cross the Foreshore and Seabed? The Effectiveness of UN Human Rights Monitoring Mechanisms in New Zealand
Authors: Krommendijk Jasper
Published: June 2019

This article analyses the impact and effectiveness of the most important international monitoring mechanism for New Zealand's international human rights obligations, which is the process of State reporting under United Nations human rights treaties by committees of experts. This article concludes that the organisation of this process in New Zealand has improved since the mid-2000s and that domestic actors, such as the New Zealand Human Rights Commission and non-governmental organisations, have become more involved. There is, however, no structural follow-up to the recommendations of the supervisory United Nations committees, and as a result they often remain largely ineffective. This article will explain why the reporting process under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child is considerably more effective.
A Capital Custom: Victoria and the New Zealand Legal Tradition
Authors: McLay Geoff
Published: June 2019

This is the revised text of Geoff McLay's inaugural lecture given in the Council Chamber at Victoria University of Wellington on 7 June 2011. In the lecture, Professor McLay examines three defining themes of the New Zealand legal tradition and Victoria's contribution to it: (1) that New Zealand has been, and will continue to be a small place, but linked to a much wider legal world; (2) that the divide between public law and private law is both profoundly important, and at the same time, an illusion; and (3) that New Zealand academic lawyers have sometimes held an unnecessarily narrow view of what counts as law, and that particular legal academics might cast their attention a little wider. The lecture itself can be viewed at .
State Immunity Before the International Court of Justice: Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v Italy)
Authors: McMenamin Matthew
Published: June 2019

The International Court of Justice recently gave judgment in Jurisdictional Immunities of the State. The case concerned German state immunity from civil claims brought in Italian courts by victims of serious violations of international humanitarian law committed by German armed forces during World War II. The Court offered a valuable clarification of the relationship between state immunity and jus cogens norms at customary international law. The conservative reasoning was thorough and extensive and the decision is likely to ossify the evolution of state immunity.
Takamore v Clarke: An Appropriate Approach to the Recognition of Maori Custom in New Zealand Law?
Authors: Lincoln Laura
Published: June 2019

This article reads as an extended case note on the majority judgment of the 2011 Court of Appeal decision, Takamore v Clarke. This case highlighted the tension between the application of the common law relating to burial and the application of Māori custom, and presented the Court of Appeal with difficult questions regarding the recognition of Māori custom by the common law. The majority treated Māori custom as analogous to English local custom, calling for the custom to meet a list of requirements in order to be recognised as part of the New Zealand common law. The Court held that Tūhoe burial custom did not meet all of the requirements for recognition and so could not be recognised. Nevertheless, with the view that custom should still be taken into account, the Court proposed a "more modern" approach to customary law. This article begins by considering the appropriateness of the analogy drawn by the Court to English local custom, with reference to the historical judicial application of Māori custom in New Zealand. It then critically analyses the application of the authorities cited by the Court. Finally, this article explores the effect of the majority's "more modern" approach on the treatment of Māori custom in New Zealand law. The article contains a postscript pertaining to the Supreme Court's more recent decision.
Child Abuse Intervention: Reporting Protocols in the New Zealand Health Sector
Authors: Jackson Louisa
Published: June 2019

Reporting child abuse has been the subject of a long running socio-legal debate in New Zealand.  Its most recent iteration is the Government’s 2012 proposal to require all agencies working with children to institute protocols for referring maltreatment. However, New Zealand’s health sector already operates under such a regime, with little investigation of its success. This article offers a critical analysis of the sector’s protocol framework. It argues that the protocols have established a detailed and enforceable structure for referring maltreatment, but identifies inconsistencies that risk discrepancies in the treatment of vulnerable children. Accordingly, the article recommends that the framework be rationalised and suggests that the legislative proposal include universal thresholds for referral to avoid replication of this problem on a national scale.
Property on the Line: Life on the Frontier between Copyright and the Public Domain
Authors: Austin Graeme W
Published: June 2019

This article is an edited transcript of Professor Graeme W Austin's Inaugural Lecture, delivered in the Council Chamber of Victoria University of Wellington on 15 November 2012. Professor Austin was appointed Chair in Private Law in the Faculty of Law in November 2010. This lecture explores claims that in copyright law, the public domain is necessarily in opposition to proprietary rights, and suggests that in many contexts the incentives offered by copyright contribute to the vibrancy and volume of material that is available for downstream creativity and innovation. Drawing on his earlier work on the relationship between human rights law and intellectual property, Professor Austin's lecture advances the idea that cognisance of the human rights dimensions of intellectual property, including creators' human rights, should inform our understanding of the appropriate scope of the rights of copyright owners. The lecture concludes with a warning against the "Walmartization" of copyright.