bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uji Hepatoprotektor Ekstrak Etanol Buah Pepino (Solanum muricatum) Terhadap Tikus Putih Jantan Galur Wistar Yang Diinduksi CCL4
Authors: Asri Muhammad , Kalsum Ummu
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTBuah pepino memiliki kandungan seyawa yaitu alkaloid, flavonoid, vitamin C yang dapat berkhasiat sebagai hepatoprotektor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas hepatoprotektor ekstrak etanol buah pepino (Solanum muricatum) terhadap tikus putih jantan  yang diinduksikan ccl4 dengan dosis ekstrak dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu 100 mg/kgBB, 200 mg/kgBB dan 400 mg/kgBB. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis eksperimental menggunakan rancangan  penelitian True Experimental design. Pengujian aktivitas hepatoprotektor dengan parameter acuan nya adalah kadar SGOT dan SGPT.  Analisis hasil pengukuran SGOT dan SGPT dihitung dengan menggunakan ANOVA satu arah.  Hasil pengukuran  kadar SGPT dan SGOT dengan dosis 100 mg/kgBB, 200 mg/kgBB dan 400 mg/kg BB terjadi penurunan yang berbeda-beda .Pada SGOT penurunan tertinggi kadar terdapat pada ekstrak etanol buah pepino 100 mg/kgBB diikuti ekstrak etanol buah pepino 200 mg/kgBB lalu kelompok ekstrak etanol buah pepino 400 mg/kgBB kemudian kelompok positif dan terakhir kelompok negative .Dan pada SGPT penurunan kadar SGPT tertinggi pada kelompok control positif diikuti kelomok ekstrak etanol  buah pepino dengan konsentrasi 100 mg/kgBB, lalu ekstrak etanol buah pepino dengan konsentrasi 200 mg/kgBB, kemudian konsentrasi 400 mg/kgBB dan terakhir kelompok control negative. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa buah pepino (Solanum muricatum) memiliki aktivitas hepatoprotektor pada konsentrasi 100 mg/kgBB pada kadar SGPT dan SGOT . Pepino fruit contains compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, vitamin C which can be efficacious as a hepatoprotector. This study aims to study the activity of the ethanol hepatoprotector extract of pepino fruit (Solanum muricatum) against male white rats induced by ccl4 with extract extract into three groups namely 100 mg / kg, 200 mg / kg and 400 mg / kg. This research is an experimental type using a true experimental design research design. Testing of hepatoprotector activity with reference parameters is SGOT and SGPT levels. Analysis of the results of the SGOT and SGPT measurements were calculated using one-way ANOVA. The results of the measurement of SGPT and SGOT levels with a dose of 100 mg / kgBW, 200 mg / kgBW and 400 mg / kgBW were different. 200 mg / kgBB then pepino fruit ethanol extract group 400 mg / kgBB then the positive group and finally the negative group. pepino with a concentration of 200 mg / kg, then a concentration of 400 mg / kg and finally the negative control group. Based on research that has been done, it can be concluded that the pepino fruit (Solanum muricatum) has hepatoprotector activity at a concentration of 100 mg / kgBW at SGPT and SGOT levels. Keywords : CCL4, Hepatoprotektor, Solanum muricatum.
Beda Efek Pemberian Motor Relearning Program Dan Pemberian Proprioceptive Neuromuskular Facilitation Terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Fungsional Penderita Post Stroke
Authors: Hasbiah Hasbiah , Ahmad Hasnia
Published: July 2021

Beda efek pemberian motor relearning program dan pemberian proprioceptive neuromuskular facilitation terhadap peningkatan kemampuan fungsional penderita post stroke. Penelitian ini mengangkat permasalahan Beda efek pemberian motor relearning program dan pemberian proprioceptive neuromuskular facilitation terhadap peningkatan kemampuan berjalan penderita post stroke. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Quasy-experimental dengan menggunakan desain penelitian two-group pretest posttest design. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 26 orang yang dibagi dalam 2 kelompok masing-masing berjumlah 13 orang. Penentuan sampel berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Instrumen pengambilan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Barthel index. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 3 bulan, 16 Juni – 16 September 2020. Tidak ada perbedaan pengaruh yang bermakna antara MRP dan PNF terhadap peningkatan aktivitas fungsional pada penderita. Keduanya baik digunakan dalam penanganan kondisi aktivitas fungsional akibat post strokeKata Kunci : Motor Relearning Program (MRP), Proprioceptive Neuromuskular Facilitation (PNF), Aktivitas Fungsional, Stroke Beda efek pemberian motor relearning program dan pemberian proprioceptive neuromuskular facilitation terhadap peningkatan kemampuan fungsional penderita post stroke. Penelitian ini mengangkat permasalahan Beda efek pemberian motor relearning program dan pemberian proprioceptive neuromuskular facilitation terhadap peningkatan kemampuan berjalan penderita post stroke. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Quasy-experimental dengan menggunakan desain penelitian two-group pretest posttest design. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 26 orang yang dibagi dalam 2 kelompok masing-masing berjumlah 13 orang. Penentuan sampel berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Instrumen pengambilan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Barthel index. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 3 bulan, 16 Juni – 16 September 2020. Tidak ada perbedaan pengaruh yang bermakna antara MRP dan PNF terhadap peningkatan aktivitas fungsional pada penderita. Keduanya baik digunakan dalam penanganan kondisi aktivitas fungsional akibat post strokeKata Kunci : Motor Relearning Program (MRP), Proprioceptive Neuromuskular Facilitation (PNF), Aktivitas Fungsional, Stroke
Media Video Tentang Teknik Menyusui Berpengaruh Terhadap Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil
Authors: Batjo Siti Hadijah , Longulo Olkamien J , Hehi Kristivaningsi , Rafika Rafika
Published: July 2021

Pengetahuan ibu tentang teknik menyusui merupakan langkah penting untuk mencapai keberhasilan ASI eksklusif. Kurangnya pengetahuan ibu tentang cara menyusui yang benar akan menyebabkan masalah selama menyusui. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh promosi kesehatan dengan media video tentang teknik menyusui terhadap pengetahuan ibu hamil di Praktik Mandiri Bidan Amanah. Jenis penelitian pre eksperimen dengan rancangan one group pretest and posttest design dengan populasi seluruh ibu hamil primigravida di Praktik Mandiri Bidan Amanah. Sampel adalah ibu hamil primigravida trimester III berjumlah 15 responden, diambil dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengetahuan ibu hamil sebelum diberikan promosi kesehatan dengan kategori baik yaitu 40% dan setelah diberikan promosi kesehatan yaitu 86,7%. Hasil analisis bivariat diperoleh p-value 0,001 (p<0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini ada pengaruh promosi kesehatan dengan media video terhadap pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang teknik menyusui di Praktik Mandiri Bidan Amanah. Bidan kiranya memberi promosi menggunakan media video agar ibu termotivasi untuk menyusui bayinya secara eksklusif.
Building The Independence of PKK Mothers During the Covid-19 Pandemic Through Training in Kokedama Making on Sukarami Subdistrict, Palembang
Authors: Astriani Meli , Saputri Wulandari , Aseptianova Aseptianova , Hidayat Saleh , Antika Rindi Novitri , Wijayanti Tutik Fitri
Published: July 2021

During the Covid-19 period, it was considered quite disruptive to the economy of every family. One promising entrepreneurial opportunity during this pandemic is the use of waste to become valuable goods. Kokedama is a gardening technique from Japan that can reduce plastic pots, an alternative to indoor plants with aesthetic value and high selling value. This service aims to provide training in making kokedama to Sukarami District Family Welfare Advisors (PKK). The community service method uses a training method consisting of three stages: the delivery of material, demonstrations, and practice of making kokedama, and evaluation of training activities. The results of this service, the community response to the material, stated that 100% of training participants did not know kokedama, 60% of participants were satisfied with the kokedama training, and 50% of participants noted that the time used was quite efficient for training and practice. In the future, the acquired skills are expected to provide provisions for improving family welfare through innovating ornamental plants by utilizing coco fiber waste to become kokedama.
Implementation of Fish Farming in Buckets To Improve Softskill Teachers and Students In SMP N 4 Rantau Panjang, Ogan Ilir Regency
Authors: Khotimah Khusnul , Helmizuryani Helmizuryani , Muslimin Boby , Sari Meika Puspita , Harmilia Elva Dwi , Ma’ruf Irkhamiawan , Suyatno Suyatno , Yani Ade Vera
Published: July 2021

Fish farming in buckets or more popularly known as BUDIKDAMBER cultivates fish and vegetables in one bucket. In addition to increasing students' understanding of ecosystems, BUDIKDAMBER can also be a solution for teachers and students who have limited land for plant and fish cultivation. This activity aims to provide education and training to teachers and students regarding fish farming techniques currently used to solve small-scale fish farming. The implementation of this activity includes the preparation stage, the material delivery stage, and the experimental stage. Through soft skills training, it can increase knowledge and insight for teachers and students at SMPN 4 Rantau Panjang regarding the BUDIKDAMBER technique so that it is to motivate and attract teachers and students to try at home and pass on the knowledge gained to the surrounding community
Geography of the presidential elections in Poland in 2020
Authors: Wendt А
Published: July 2021

The elections for the president of Poland in 2020 took place during a difficult period of the pandemic. Additionally, by the decision of the National Electoral Commission, they were postponed from May 10 to June 28. The incumbent president Andrzej Duda won the election, defeating his opponent Rafał Trzaskowski with a majority of around 420,000 in the second round. votes. The study aims to indicate the geographical differentiation of the results of two candidates and the spatial changes in the results in the first and second rounds of elections. In the first round, A. Duda won in thirteen regions (voivodeships) of Poland, in the second only in six, in eastern and south-eastern Poland. However, the big difference in the winning regions (15-20%) allowed him to win the final. R. Trzaskowski won in ten regions (voivodeships), but his advantage was small (5-10%).
Ор және Қарғалы өзендері беткі суларының геоэкологиялық жағдайы
Authors: Есенова Ж , Бекетова А , Берденов Ж , Джаналеева Г
Published: July 2021

Берілген мақалада беткі сулардың географиялық орта, жалпы қоршаған ортадағы маңызына назар аударылып, қазіргі таңда су ресурстарының антропогендік ластануы туралы айтылды. Мақалада Ақтөбе облысы Хромтау және Қарғалы аудандары территориясындағы беттік сулардың, нақты айтқанда осы екі ауданның басты су артериялары болып табылатын Ор және Қарғалы өзендерінің геоэкологиялық жағдайына шолу жасалынды. Аталып отырған өзендердің физикалық-географиялық ерекшеліктеріне сипаттама берілді. Беткі сулардың геоэкологиялық жағдайы судың ластану индексі көрсеткішіне негізделе отырып анықталды. Су құрамындағы ластаушы заттар концентрациясын анықтау және судың ластану индексін есептеу мақсатында гидрохимиялық талдау жасалынды. Судың ластану индексінің есептелуі мен су сапасы кластарын жіктеудің әдісі келтірілді. Гидрохимиялық талдаулар нәтижесінде судың ластану индексіне байланысты өзен сулары су сапасы бойынша кластарға жіктелді. 2019-2020 жылдар аралығындағы гидрохимиялық талдау көрсеткіштері кесте ретінде берілді және зерттелген өзен беткі суларының талдау нәтижелері келтірілді. Беткі сулардың әрбір мезгіл үшін судың ластану индексі көрсеткіші мөлшері жоғары не төмен болуы түсіндірілді. Жасалған зерттеулерге негізделе отырып қазіргі таңда Ор және Қарғалы өзендері беткі суларының геоэкологиялық жағдайын оңтайландыру үшін іске асырылуы қажет іс-шаралар бойынша ұсыныстар берілді.  Сонымен қатар, мақалада физикалық карта мен зерттеулер жүргізілген кілттік нүктелер картасы берілген. Карталар ArcGIS 10.6.1. бағдарламалық жасақтамасы көмегімен жасалынды. Мақаланы жазуда далалық зерттеу әдісі, сипаттау әдісі, талдау әдісі, статистикалық әдісі, салыстырмалы-географиялық әдісі, картографиялық әдіс, геоақпараттық әдісі сияқты әдістер қолданылды.
Technogenic systems of Pavlodar region
Authors: Safarov R , Berdenov Zh
Published: July 2021

Technogenesis is a process of environmental transformation under the influence of various types of technical human activity. Technogenesis - this transformation of the earth's crust occurs during the extraction and processing of mineral resources, engineering and geological activities. One of the technogenically transformed areas is the Pavlodar region of Kazakhstan.

This scientific article presents the main sources of technogenic impact in the Pavlodar region. The research gives a description of the two main technogenic systems. There have been determined the main chemical contaminants of the components of the natural environment. The authors have calculated using modern methods of GIS technologies, the area of sludge collectors. The article describes a promising method for solving such non-trivial problems as identifying the spatial distribution of ecological risk zones, or the spatial display of the concentration distribution of pollutants. The article gives a description of the main industrial facilities of the Pavlodar region, the number of emissions, and also characterizes the climatic factors of the study area.
Analysis of the HSP17.6 protein mechanism in BBSV infection
Authors:   S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University, Kozhabek Zh. , Үu J.L. ,   China Agricultural University, Wang X.L. ,   China Agricultural University
Published: July 2021

Beet black scorch virus (BBSV) has been reported as a natural pathogen of sugar beet and distributed all over the world, causing great economic losses to the sugar industry. Research on interactions between BBSV and its host by using model plant Nicotiana benthamiana is significantly important and nessesary for understanding virus infection process and exploring plant resistance mechanism. The results of sequencing the transcriptome of N. benthamiana infected with BBSV as well as gene screening in response to viral infection revealed upregulation of the small heat shock protein 17.6 gene (NbHSP17.6) and the effect of the protein on resistance to the virus. To further examine the involvement of HSP17.6 in defense responses in N. benthamiana, we tested interaction between HSP17.6 and other heat shock proteins such as HSP70 and HSP90 as well as BBSV encoded proteins. The results showed that HSP17.6 interacted with HSP70 and HSP90 but not with BBSV encoded proteins. When combined with other available results, it is possible that HSP17.6 acted as a small molecular chaperone to facilitate proper refolding of the specific proteins HSP70 and HSP90 required for BBSV infection and/or replication.
PENDAMPINGAN LATIHAN KONDISI FISIK ATLET BOLAVOLI DUDUK NATIONAL PARALYMPIC COMMITTEE (NPC) INDONESIA
Authors: Kardiyanto Deddy Whinata , Angga Prayogi Dwina
Published: July 2021

AbstrakTujuan kegiatan ini adalah melakukan dengan menerapkan hasil penelitian untuk pemecahan permasalahan yang terkait dengan penerapan ilmu kepelatihan olahraga yang diprioritaskan pada pembenahan kondisi fisik serta bersama-sama meyakini adanya perubahan peningkatan prestasi atlet sebagai hasil tindakan penerapan iptek dalam program latihan pada cabor yang bersangkutan. Metode tindakan digunakan untuk mengetahui penerapan berbagai aspek performa fisik sehubungan dengan latihan setelah merefleksikan dalam beberapa episode pelatihan melalui program latihan yang disusun oleh pelatih. Secara lebih spesifik kegiatan ini dibagi menjadi empat tahapan utama, diantaranya: perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan dan refleksi/evaluasi. Pelatih merasakan dampak yang sangat luar biasa dengan adanya pendampingan yang dilakukan oleh akademisi dalam hal penyusunan dan pengembangan program latihan serta adanya pendampingan terhadap pelaksanaan latihan yang dilakukan selama masa persiapan atlet menuju Asean Para Games 2020. Berdasarkan perspektif atlet, pendampingan ini juga dianggap berhasil karena memberikan kesadaran penuh kepada atlet tentang dasar-dasar program latihan sehingga secara mandiri mereka dapat mereka melaksanakan latihan dan merasakan manfaat latihan yang telah disusun oleh pelatih dan kolaborator.Kata kunci: disabilitas, latihan, fisik, sitting volleyball.
Analisis Kebutuhan Pengembangan Video Pembelajaran Pencak Silat Bagi Mahasiswa Pendidikan Jasmani Kesehatan dan Rekreasi IKIP Budi Utomo
Authors: Ilmah Nur Khozanah , Artanty Ary
Published: July 2021

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pentingnya pengembangan media video pembelajaran teori dan praktek pencak silat bagi mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Jasmani Kesehatan dan Rekreasi IKIP Budi Utomo. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif, dengan cara menyebarkan angket. Subyek penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa dan dosen pengampu mata kuliah teori dan praktek pencak silat. Dari hasil angket analisis kebutuhan diketahui bahwa 100% proses pembelajaran teori dan praktek pencak silat di masa pandemic covid-19 dilakukan secara daring menggunakan aplikasi zoom, bahan ajar tersedia, saat proses pembelajaran dosen menggunakan media berupa power point, dan 88% mahasiswa menyatakan diperlukan media berupa video pembelajaran teori dan praktek pencak silat yang berisi materi teori dan praktek berupa tahapan gerakan dalam pencak silat. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlu dikembangkan video pembelajaran teori dan praktek pencak silat bagi mahasiswa Pogram Studi Pendidikan Jasmani Kesehatan dan Rekreasi IKIP Budi Utomo.      Kata kunci: Pengembangan, Media, Video Pembelajaran
Growth Inhibitory Efficacy of Tabebuia Avellanedae in a Model for Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Telang Nitin T , Nair Hareesh B , Wong George YC
Published: July 2021

Background: Tabebuia avellanedae (TA) is a tree that is indigenous to the Amazon rainforest. The experiments in the present study were designed to examine the inhibitory effects of TA, and to identify mechanistic targets for its efficacy in the estrogen-α receptor (ER-α), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) negative MDA-MB-231 model for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods: Non-fractionated aqueous extract from the inner bark of TA was used in the experiments. Anchorage dependent growth, anchorage independent (AI) colony formation, cell cycle progression, and expressions of relevant regulatory proteins represented quantitative end points. Results: Long-term treatment for 21 days with the maximum cytostatic concentration of 2.5% TA resulted in a 90% inhibition (P=0.014) in AI colony number. Short-term treatment for 2 days with 1.0% TA (IC50) resulted in about a 1.3 fold increase (P=0.014) in G1: S+G2/M ratio, about a 1.48 fold increase (P=0.010) in the sub G0 (apoptotic) cells and about a 3.2 fold increase (P=0.014) in the pro-apoptotic caspase 3/7 activity. Mechanistically, the short-term treatment with 2.5% TA decreased Cyclin D1 expression by about 83.3%, and pRB expression by about 73.3%. Conclusion: TNBC represents an aggressive cancer notable for its resistance to conventional and targeted therapy. Non-toxic natural substances may represent testable alternatives. This study identifies potential mechanistic leads for TA as a novel naturally occurring testable alternative for secondary prevention/therapy of TNBC, and validates a novel mechanistic approach to evaluate efficacious non-toxic phytochemicals and herbs as testable alternatives against therapy resistant breast cancer.
IO, TU e i NOSTRI figli: uno sguardo alla famiglia omogenitoriale
Authors: Pagano Ludovica
Published: July 2021

In questo articolo, l'autore ha la finalità di mettere in luce le fami-glie omogenitoriali, con lo scopo di indicare delle linee guida utili per coloro che intendono lavorare con queste tipologie di famiglie. Le ricerche evidenziano che non c'è una relazione tra l'orientamento sessuale dei genitori e qualsiasi tipo di misura dell'adattamento emotivo, psicosociale e comportamentale del bambino. Ad ogni modo, il terapeuta, oltre alle specificità che caratterizzano queste famiglie, deve tenere conto delle proprie risonanze emotive e di eventuali limiti rispetto alla possibilità di presa in carico di questi particolari nuclei familiari, per evitare di compiere interventi inefficaci o addirittura dannosi e lesivi.
Mapping of Marine Safety Publications Using VOSviewer
Authors: Abdullah Khairul Hafezad
Published: July 2021

Marine safety has promoted the non-violent transportation of goods and property through technological innovation, risk management, and regulations. Accordingly, the study of the evolution of the scientific domain in marine safety is vital. This study discusses the bibliometric review of academic publications performed in marine safety research over 58 years from 1962 till 2020. The assessment is based on the Scopus database and various bibliometric indicators, including publication output growth, citations, and author’s keywords. This study also generated graphical visualisations of bibliometric mapping through VOSviewer software. This study showed that the number of publications on marine safety research has fluctuated with a hike publication in 2020. Moreover, the results tended to indicate that marine safety research is mainly based on engineering scopes. Therefore, the bibliometric review could provide a conscientious and comprehensive view of marine safety research that could benefit marine safety practitioners, academics, and researchers interested in fostering their future exploration in this field.
НАУКОВА ПЛАТФОРМА ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ (ПРОФЕСІЙНО-ТЕХНІЧНОЇ) ОСВІТИ
Authors: Радкевич Валентина
Published: July 2021

Актуальність дослідження визначається викликами постіндустріального суспільства щодо забезпечення якості професійної (професійно-технічної) освіти (далі – П(ПТ)О).

Мета: охарактеризувати місію і завдання науково-методичного супроводу забезпечення якості П(ПТ)О в умовах її модернізації.

Методи: теоретичний аналіз освітнього законодавства України в галузі П(ПТ)О, наукових джерел, освітньо-професійних та освітньо-наукових програм з підготовки здобувачів вищої освіти – для визначення основних напрямів і способів приведення якості професійної освіти у відповідність з техніко-технологічними та соціально-економічними викликами постіндустріального суспільства.

Результати: виокремлено два основні вектори формування наукової проблеми забезпечення якості професійної освіти – зосередженість освітнього менеджменту на результатах освіти та умовах, необхідних для їх отримання; визначено основні завдання щодо забезпечення якості професійної освіти та необхідні для їх реалізації умови; обґрунтовано роль наукових установ у підвищенні ефективності закладів П(ПТ)О щодо забезпечення якості їхньої освітньої й управлінської діяльності та формування внутрішньої системи забезпечення якості освіти.

Висновки: визначено основні завдання вітчизняної професійної освіти щодо забезпечення її якості (створення ефективного освітнього середовища, підвищення кваліфікації педагогів; удосконалення освітнього менеджменту закладів П(ПТ)О; розроблення ефективної системи внутрішнього забезпечення якості освіти); показано, що важливою умовою ефективного вирішення визначених завдань є якісний науково-методичний супровід діяльності закладів П(ПТ)О, охарактеризовано його місію (підготовка фахівців нової якості, готових ефективно й успішно працювати в динамічних умовах постіндустріального суспільства) та завдання (популяризація наукових досягнень; поширення передового науково-педагогічного досвіду, підготовка педагогічних і науково-педагогічних кадрів для системи професійної освіти; здійснення наукового керівництва інноваційною освітньою діяльністю закладів П(ПТ)О; проведення інформаційно-аналітичної, експертної, консультативної і дорадчої діяльності для забезпечення впливу на освітню політику держави та практичну діяльність освітніх установ у питаннях забезпечення якості освіти).
UAV Based Relay for Wireless Sensor Networks in 5G Systems
Authors: Fu Shu , Zhao Lian , Su Zhou , Jian Xin
Published: July 2021

Relay is one of the most significant issues in smart industrial wireless sensor networks (WSN) due to the low transmitting power of sensors. By relay, the signals of sensors can be concentrated at the relay and further transmitted to the base station for decreasing energy consumption in the system. In the past decades, the relay in WSN is generally one super sensor with large transmitting power. However, the placement of the super sensor is static, which leads to the instability of performance in WSN under the time-varying wireless environment. Fortunately, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) can provide an effective leverage to improve the environment-adaptation in WSN compared to the static relay in WSN. In this paper, we employ UAV as the relay in WSN, which can move in three-dimensional space to possess a better position to minimize the system power consumption. We use a simple case study to demonstrate the effectiveness of UAV in WSN. Extended simulations are also given to verify the preferable performance of the UAV based relay in WSN.
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Heterogeneous Networking Using Iterative Gauss-Seidel Process
Authors: Hosseini Haleh , Raahemifar Kaamran , Kamilah Sharifah
Published: July 2021

Heterogeneous networks with dense deployment of small cells can employ cognitive features to efficiently utilize the available spectrumresources. Spectrumsensing is the key enabler for cognitive radio to detect the unoccupied channels for data transmission. In order to deal with shadowing and multipath fading in sensing channels, cooperative spectrum sensing is designed to increase the accuracy of the sensed signal. In this paper, an optimized local decision rule is implemented for the case that the received data from primary users are possibly correlated due to the sensing channel impairments. Since the prior information is unavailable in the real systems, Neyman-Pearson criterion is used as the cost function. Then, a discrete iterative algorithm based on Gauss-Seidel process is applied to optimize the local cognitive user decision rules under a fixed fusion rule. This method with low complexity can minimize the cost using the golden section search method in a finite number of iterations. ROC curves are depicted using the achieved probability of detection and false alarm by numerical examples to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Simulation results also confirm the superiority of the proposed method compared to the conventional topologies and decision rules.
Technological Literacy and Interrupted Internet Access
Authors: Freeman Julie , Park Sora , Middleton Catherine A.
Published: July 2021

As everyday practices are increasingly digitalised, many countries are prioritising broadband rollout. However, infrastructure provision under national policies has not been uniform. In comparison to urban populations, rural communities often have inferior broadband infrastructure and services and there are disparities in digital opportunities between rural and urban areas. A case study of twenty rural Australian internet users reveals that rural communities suffer from limited access, inconsistent and unreliable services, and rural broadband plans’ data restrictions and high prices, which we conceptualise as ‘interrupted access’. Rural internet experiences are subsequently shaped by the availability, speed, stability and affordability of connections. As a response, a form of ‘technological literacy’ is emerging through which rural consumers undertake technical and social manoeuvrings to self-address challenges from interrupted access and increase their opportunities for digital inclusion. Participants developed innovative local solutions, such as self-installed auxiliary hardware and mobile towers, which they used to improve mobile broadband coverage. Those unable to build such solutions displayed new types of knowledge encompassing broader contexts of connectivity (infrastructure, devices and plans) and re-structured rural life to accommodate internet use that is shaped by interrupted access. Growing community-level capacity and interest in broadband development suggests national policies could better reduce rural-urban inequities by supporting and empowering localised solutions. Without addressing the interrupted nature of rural connectivity to improve service quality and affordability, disparities in the digital opportunities available to rural and urban consumers will persist.

KEYWORDS: Broadband infrastructure/services, digital divide, rural communities, digital inclusion
Nurse practitioner interactions in acute and long-term care: an exploration of the role of knotworking in supporting interprofessional collaboration
Authors: Hurlock-Chorostecki Christina , van Soeren Mary , MacMillan Kathleen , Sidani Souraya , Donald Faith , Reeves Scott
Published: July 2021

Background
Interprofessional care ensures high quality healthcare. Effective interprofessional collaboration is required to enable interprofessional care, although within the acute care hospital setting interprofessional collaboration is considered suboptimal. The integration of nurse practitioner roles into the acute and long-term care settings is influencing enhanced care. What remains unknown is how the nurse practitioner role enacts interprofessional collaboration or enables interprofessional care to promote high quality care.

The study aim was to understand how nurse practitioners employed in acute and long-term care settings enable interprofessional collaboration and care.

Method
Nurse practitioner interactions with other healthcare professionals were observed throughout the work day. These interactions were explored within the context of “knotworking” to create an understanding of their social practices and processes supporting interprofessional collaboration. Healthcare professionals who worked with nurse practitioners were invited to share their perceptions of valued role attributes and impacts.

Results
Twenty-four nurse practitioners employed at six hospitals participated. 384 hours of observation provided 1,284 observed interactions for analysis. Two types of observed interactions are comparable to knotworking. Rapid interactions resemble the traditional knotworking described in earlier studies, while brief interactions are a new form of knotworking with enhanced qualities that more consistently result in interprofessional care. Nurse practitioners were the most common initiators of brief interactions.

Conclusions
Brief interactions reveal new qualities of knotworking with more consistent interprofessional care results. A general process used by nurse practitioners, where they practice a combination of both traditional (rapid) knotworking and brief knotworking to enable interprofessional care within acute and long-term care settings, is revealed.
Destination Marketing Organizations and Climate Change : The Need for Leadership and Education
Authors: Dodds Rachel
Published: July 2021

Destination Marketing Organizations (DMOs) operate at many levels ranging from the national to the municipal and have evolved over the years to respond to the geographical and political realities that are associated with tourism supply. Alongside providing information to potential visitors, DMOs work to make a destination attractive by showcasing its unique aspects and attractions. As the appeal of destinations, cost of doing business and the destination brand may be affected by the possible effects of climate change, this study aims to identify opportunities and threats to municipal and provincial/territorial DMOs and their members as well as identify measures they are undertaking to address the potential impacts. A study conducted of Canada’s provincial and municipal large DMOs was conducted in 2009. This research found that awareness of climate change in Canada’s tourism industry is increasing, but more efforts must be undertaken to mitigate climate change. To address climate change and tourism, this paper suggests doing three things: (a) DMOs need to demonstrate leadership about climate change education and mitigation to all their members; (b) government policy and action are needed to provide incentives for industry to address climate change; and (c) industry members require further education to take the steps necessary mitigate risk and to adapt. The internet has changed the DMOs’ roles and how they provide information to the consumer; as such, they have been presented with an opportunity to take on new roles as educational and marketing providers. This paper will outline in the current shifts among Canadian DMOs and will discuss the key issues that are applicable to DMOs worldwide.
Single-step fabrication of microfluidic channels filled with nanofibrous membrane using femtosecond laser irradiation
Authors: Tavangar Amirhossein , Tan Bo , Venkatakrishnan Krishnan
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we demonstrate a new method of fabricating silicon microfluidic channels filled with a porous nanofibrous structure utilizing a femtosecond laser. The nanofibrous structure can act as a membrane used for microfiltration. This method allows us to generate both the microfluidic channel and the fibrous nanostructure in a single step under ambient conditions. Due to laser irradiation, a large number of nanoparticles ablate from the channel surface, and then aggregate and grow into porous nanofibrous structures and fill the channels. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis was conducted to examine the oxygen concentration in the membrane structure. Our results demonstrated that by controlling the laser parameters including pulse repetition, pulse width and scanning speed, different microfluidic channels with a variety of porosity could be obtained.
The spiral structure of Marshall McLuhan’s thinking
Authors: Oldenhof Izabella Pruska , Logan Robert K.
Published: July 2021

We examine the spiral structure of the thinking and the work of Marshall McLuhan, which we believe will provide a new way of viewing McLuhan’s work. In particular, we believe that the way he reversed figure and ground, reversed content and medium, reversed cause and effect, and the relationship he established between the content of a new medium and the older media it obsolesced all contain a spiral structure going back and forth in time. Finally, the time structure of his Laws of Media in which a new medium obsolesced an older medium, while retrieving an even older medium and then when pushed far enough flipped into a still newer medium has the feeling of a spiral. We will also examine the spiral structure of the thinking and work of those thinkers and artists that most influenced McLuhan such as Vico, Hegel, Marx, Freud, Joyce, TS Eliot, Wyndham Lewis and the Vorticism movement.

Keywords: spiral; McLuhan; reversal; figure/ground; Laws of Media; media; environment/anti-environment; cause; effect
Key Factors for Consortial Success: Realizing a Shared Vision for Interlibrary Loan in a consortium of Canadian Libraries
Authors: McGillivray Sue , Greenberg Amy , Fraser Lucina , Cheung Ophelia
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The
purpose of this paper is to identify the factors associated with the successful
implementation of a shared interlibrary loan (ILL) system by the Ontario
Council of University Libraries (OCUL), a consortium of 20 Ontario
universities.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper
is a descriptive review of the approaches taken in the consortial
implementation of OCLC's VDX software. The paper elaborates on the
building‐blocks and barriers to success as they were experienced, first by
participants in OCUL's centralized implementation activities, and second at the
local level by staff at Ryerson University Library, a member institution. Now
end users can simultaneously search world‐wide catalogues, submit and track
progress of requests, and receive materials rapidly. System functionality
includes auto‐mediated interlibrary loans (direct requesting); use of
link‐resolver software to transfer citation information from borrowing library
catalogues to ILL request forms; and ISO peer‐to‐peer messaging.

Findings

Post‐implementation
analysis reveals several key factors that contributed to the project's success.
These include: planning, leadership, financial support, technical support,
cooperation, staff commitment, communication, staff‐and end‐user centered
focus, training and evaluation.

Practical implications

This may
have broad application for similar complex projects.

Originality/value

The OCUL
VDX implementation has achieved the originally expected economies of scale,
service performance improvements and reduction in localized maintenance and
system support. However, there have also been several unforeseen benefits such
as the formulation and standardization of the OCUL ILL policies, and the
development of Canada‐wide consortial reciprocal agreements. At the operational
level, staff have had to adjust their management styles and develop confidence
not only in their individual skills but also in cooperative thinking, reliance
on centralized support, and in the overall system. Throughout the project the
objectives have been clearly identified, and, for the most part,
enthusiastically adopted, by consortium members. Recognizing that ILL is a
service that is in transition, staff now look at business transformation and
ways to identify, share and adopt best working practices.
Pricing Basket Options by Polynomial Approximations
Authors: Olivares Pablo , Alvarez Alexander
Published: July 2021

We propose a closed-form approximation for the price of basket options under a multivariate Black-Scholes model. The method is based on Taylor and Chebyshev expansions and involves mixed exponential-power moments of a Gaussian distribution. Our numerical results show that both approaches are comparable in accuracy to a standard Monte Carlo method, with a lesser computational effort
Health Status and Health Determinants of Older Immigrant Women in Canada: A Scoping Review
Authors: Guruge Sepali , Birpreet Birpreet , Samuels-Dennis Joan A.
Published: July 2021

Increasing international migration in the context of aging populations makes a comprehensive understanding of older immigrant women’s health status and determinants of their health particularly urgent. Using Arksey and O’Malley’s framework, we conducted a scoping review to examine the available literature on the health of older immigrant women in Canada. We searched CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase,Medline, and Cochrane databases for the period of 1990 to 2014 for Canadian-based, peer-reviewed studies on the topic. A total of 20 articles met the inclusion criteria.These articles were divided into six areas of focus: physical health; mental health; abuse; health promotion and chronic disease prevention; barriers to healthcare access and utilization; and health beliefs, behaviours, and practices. Our results show that the health of older immigrant women is affected by the interplay of various social determinants of health including the physical and social environment; economic conditions; cultural beliefs; gendered norms; and the healthcare delivery system. Our results also revealed that older immigrant women tend to have more health problems, underutilize preventive services, such as cancer screening, and experience more difficulties in accessing healthcare services.
Interventions to decrease skin cancer risk in outdoor workers: update to a 2007 systematic review
Authors: Horsham Caitlin , Auster Josephine , Sendall Marguerite , Stoneham Melissa , Youl Philippa , Crane Phil , Tenkate Thomas , Janda Monika , Kimlin Michael
Published: July 2021

Background
Outdoor workers are at high risk of harmful ultraviolet radiation exposure and are identified as an at risk group for the development of skin cancer. This systematic evidence based review provides an update to a previous review published in 2007 about interventions for the prevention of skin cancer in outdoor workers.

Results
This review includes interventions published between 2007-2012 and presents findings about sun protection behaviours and/or objective measures of skin cancer risk. Six papers met inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Large studies with extended follow-up times demonstrated the efficacy of educational and multi-component interventions to increase sun protection, with some higher use of personal protective equipment such as sunscreen. However, there is less evidence for the effectiveness of policy or specific intervention components.

Conclusions
Further research aimed at improving overall attitudes towards sun protection in outdoor workers is needed to provide an overarching framework.
Nanofibre Fabrication by Femtosecond Laser Ablation of Silica Glass
Authors: Venkatakrishnan Krishnan , Vipparty Dheeraj , Tan Bo
Published: July 2021

This article presents a fabrication technique for generating densely populated and randomly oriented silica nanofibres by direct ablation of silica glass using a femtosecond laser with 12.4 MHz repetition rate and a pulse width of 214 fs, under ambient conditions. Four types of nanofibres with diameters ranging from a few tens of nanometers to a few hundreds of nanometers were formed. Some fibers reach lengths of 10 mm. The possible mechanisms for fibre formation have been explored.  
Preference for Reference: New Options and Choices for Academic Library Users
Authors: Granfield Diane , Robertson Mark
Published: July 2021

This exploratory study investigated the help-seeking preferences of library users at two large urban universities in Toronto, Reference desk and virtual reference users were compared in terms of their perceptions of the options now available for obtaining reference help. The premise for the study was based on the assumption that a reasonable exposure to newer reference services, such as chat and email had occurred, therefore allowing for an examination of emerging preferences for different types of services. Surveys were distributed to both reference desk and virtual reference users asking seven core questions exploring use and preference for reference services as well as habits and their research outside the library. The study concludes with recommendations for planning and for future research, preferences for study location (in library, off campus, etc.). The results suggest that the reference desk continues to be the most popular method of getting help in the library, but virtual reference satisfies a niche for users who prefer to work outside the library. Those who use virtual reference tend to perceive their options for getting help differently from other users. Virtual reference users do not perceive virtual reference as a novelty or as a marginal service, but see it as a significant service option. In addition, the results show that virtual reference services may have a special appeal to graduate students since graduate students seem more likely to conduct their research outside the library. The study concludes with recommendations for planning and for future research.
Spatiotemporal Variations in Mercury Bioaccumulation at Fine and Broad Scales for Two Freshwater Sport Fishes
Authors: Thomas Shyam M. , Melles Stephanie J. , Bhavsar Satyendra P.
Published: July 2021

Bioaccumulation of mercury in sport fish is a complex process that varies in space and time. Both large-scale climatic as well as fine-scale environmental factors are drivers of these space-time variations. In this study, we avail a long-running monitoring program from Ontario, Canada to better understand spatiotemporal variations in fish mercury bioaccumulation at two distinct scales. Focusing on two common large-bodied sport fishes (Walleye and Northern Pike), the data were analyzed at fine- and broad-scales, where fine-scale implies variations in bioaccumulation at waterbody- and year-level and broad-scale captures variations across 3 latitudinal zones (~5° each) and eight time periods (~5-year each). A series of linear mixed-effects models (LMEMs) were employed to capture the spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal variations in mercury bioaccumulation. Fine-scale models were overall better fit than broad-scale models suggesting environmental factors operating at the waterbody-level and annual climatic conditions matter most. Moreover, for both scales, the space time interaction explained most of the variation. The random slopes from the best-fitting broad-scale model were used to define a bioaccumulation index that captures trends within a climate change context. The broad-scale trends suggests of multiple and potentially conflicting climate-driven mechanisms. Interestingly, broad-scale temporal trends showed contrasting bioaccumulation patterns—increasing in Northern Pike and decreasing in Walleye, thus suggesting species-specific ecological differences also matter. Overall, by taking a scale-specific approach, the study highlights the overwhelming influence of fine-scale variations and their interactions on mercury bioaccumulation; while at broad-scale the mercury bioaccumulation trends are summarized within a climate change context.
Online databases and the research experience for university students with print disabilities
Authors: Dermody Kelly , Majekodunmi Norda
Published: July 2021

Online databases and the research experience for university students with print disabilities
Visualising early engineering design information with diagrams
Authors: Salustri Filippo A. , Bracewell R. H. , Eng N. , Weerasinghe Janaka S.
Published: July 2021

The development of computer-based diagramming tools to support the early stages of engineering design and to improve the capacity to innovate is described. We believe that the human brain is currently the best available device to perform early designing. Thus, good tools will facilitate designers' abilities to 'see' information patterns, reflect on them, and achieve insights they may not have achieved otherwise. Our work suggests that diagram layout and style are at least as important as the textual content for their rapid comprehension. These features can be easier to manage in software than in textual descriptions, leading to tools that are more robust and usable. We are working along several lines of enquiry intended to explore particular aspects of the matter, including using existent tools such as concept maps, and developing alternative tools to test ideas about supporting early design by diagramming. While we have not formally evaluated much of our work, anecdotal evidence is encouraging.
Professionalism, agency, and market failures
Authors: von Kriegstein Hasko
Published: July 2021

According to the Market Failures Approach to business ethics, beyond-compliance duties can be derived by employing the same rationale and arguments that justify state regulation of economic conduct. Very roughly the idea is that managers have a duty to behave as if they were complying with an ideal regulatory regime ensuring Pareto-optimal market outcomes. Proponents of the approach argue that managers have a professional duty not to undermine the institutional setting that defines their role, namely the competitive market. This answer is inadequate, however, for it is the hierarchical firm, rather than the competitive market, that defines the role of corporate managers and shapes their professional obligations. Thus, if the obligations that the market failures approach generates are to apply to managers, they must do so in an indirect way. I suggest that the obligations the market failures approach generates directly apply to shareholders. Managers, in turn, inherit these obligations as part of their duties as loyal agents.