bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Adult Liver Retransplantation: A Canadian National Database Analysis
Authors: Yoon Peter D. , Patel Madhukar S. , Murillo Perez Carla F. , Ivanics Tommy , Claasen Marco P.A.W. , Muaddi Hala , Wallace David , Hansen Bettina , Sapisochin Gonzalo
Published: March 2022

Background. Liver retransplantation remains as the only treatment for graft failure. This investigation aims to assess the incidence, post‐transplant outcomes, and risk factors in liver retransplantation recipients in Canada. Materials and Methods. The Canadian Organ Replacement Register was used to obtain and analyse data on all adult liver retransplant recipients, matched donors, transplant-specific variables, and post‐transplant outcomes from January 2000 to December 2018. Results. 377 (6.5%) patients underwent liver retransplantation. Autoimmune liver disease and hepatitis C virus (HCV) were the most common underlying diagnoses. Graft failure was 7.9% and 12.5%, and overall survival was 77.1% and 65.6% at 1 year and 5 years, respectively. In contrast to recipients receiving their first graft transplant, the retransplantation group had a significantly higher incidence of graft failure

p
<
0.001

and lower overall survival

p
<
0.001

. The graft failure and patient survival rates were comparable between second transplant and repeat retransplant recipients. Furthermore, there were no differences in graft failure and patient survival when stratified according to time to retransplantation. Recipient and donor age (HR = 1.12,

p
=
0.011

; HR = 1.09,

p
=
0.008

), recipient HCV status (HR = 1.81,

p
=
0.014

), and donor cytomegalovirus status (HR = 4.10,

p
=
0.006

) were predictors of patient mortality. Conclusion. This analysis of liver retransplantation demonstrates that this is a safe treatment for early and late graft failure. Furthermore, even in patients requiring more than two grafts, similar outcomes to initial retransplantation can be achieved with careful selection.
Dietary Regimen, Overweight, and Obesity in Human Nutrition Students and Other Majors: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Solís-Guevara Fernando D. , Ruiz Mamani Percy G. , Saintila Jacksaint
Published: March 2022

Background. Choosing a healthy diet is an increasingly a challenge for university students. The objective of this study was to compare diet and overweight/obesity in human nutrition students (HNS) and students of other careers (SOC) from a university located in Lima, Peru. Methods. It was a cross-sectional study consisting of 158 students out of an initial sample of 170. Information was collected on the sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics of the participants and a validated questionnaire was applied to evaluate the frequency of food consumption. Results. There was no significant difference in diet between HNS and SOC (

p

 > 0.05). HNS most frequently consumed yellow/orange vegetables (

p

 = 0.020), purple vegetables (

p

 = 0.049), citrus fruits (

p

 = 0.029), eggs (

p

 = 0.002), whole milk (

p

 = 0.013), yogurt (

p

 = 0.017), tofu (

p

 = 0.003), olive oil (

p

 = 0.003), other vegetable oils (

p

 < 0.001), and alcoholic beverages (

p

 = 0.037) than SOC. In contrast, HNS had a lower frequency of nonfried tuber intake (

p

 = 0.039), fried tubers (

p

 < 0.001), milk desserts (

p

 = 0.048), flour fritters (

p

 = 0.027), cookies with chocolate (

p

 = 0.050), croissants (

p

 = 0.030), cookies with filling (

p

 = 0.024), candies (

p

 = 0.006), and soda (

p

 = 0.016) than SOC. Overweight/obesity was not different between HNS and SOC (

p

 > 0.05). Conclusions. This study found significant differences in the consumption of some foods between HNS and SOC. However, it found no significant difference in diet and overweight/obesity between HNS and SOC.
Adjuvant Osimertinib in EGFR-Mutant Early-Stage NSCLC: Does HRQoL Influence Decisions?
Authors: Patil Tejas , Bunn Paul A.
Published: March 2022

The ADAURA adjuvant randomized trial demonstrated that osimertinib prolonged DFS. It has now been reported that health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was not adversely affected by adjuvant osimertinib. Does this mean that adjuvant osimertinib should now be standard as we await survival results?

See related article by Majem et al., p. 2286
BRAFV600E-Driven Lung Adenocarcinoma Requires Copper to Sustain Autophagic Signaling and Processing
Authors: Tsang Tiffany , Gu Xingxing , Davis Caroline I. , Posimo Jessica M. , Miller Zoey A. , Brady Donita C.
Published: March 2022

The transition metal copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient required for development and proliferation, but the molecular mechanisms by which Cu contributes to these processes is not fully understood. Although traditionally studied as a static cofactor critical for the function of Cu-dependent enzymes, an expanding role for Cu is emerging to include its novel function as a dynamic mediator of signaling processes through the direct control of protein kinase activity. We now appreciate that Cu directly binds to and influences MEK1/2 and ULK1/2 kinase activity, and show here that reductions in MAPK and autophagic signaling are associated with dampened growth and survival of oncogenic BRAF-driven lung adenocarcinoma cells upon loss of Ctr1. Efficient autophagy, clonogenic survival, and tumorigenesis of BRAF-mutant cells required ULK1 Cu-binding. Although treatment with canonical MAPK inhibitors resulted in the upregulation of protective autophagy, mechanistically, the Cu chelator tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) was sufficient to target both autophagic and MAPK signaling as a means to blunt BRAF-driven tumorigenic properties. These findings support leveraging Cu chelation with TTM as an alternative therapeutic strategy to impair autophagy and MAPK signaling. As traditional MAPK monotherapies initiate autophagy signaling and promote cancer cell survival.

Implications:

We establish that copper chelation therapy inhibits both autophagy and MAPK signaling in BRAFV600E-driven lung adenocarcinoma, thus overcoming the upregulation of protective autophagy elicited by canonical MAPK pathway inhibitors.
The gRASs Is Greener: Potential New Therapies in Lung Cancer with Acquired Resistance to KRASG12C Inhibitors
Authors: Pinnelli Marika , Trusolino Livio
Published: March 2022

Inhibitors of KRASG12C that bind the target in its inactive conformation and lock it in off-mode have shown early signs of clinical activity in patients with KRASG12C-mutant lung cancer, but responses tend to be short-lived and invariably prelude the development of acquired resistance through largely unexplored mechanisms. A new study describes the emergence of RAS–MAPK heterogeneous subclonal alterations in a patient relapsed on a KRASG12C inactive-state inhibitor and identifies a novel KRASY96D-resistant variant that is druggable by a next-generation compound capable of associating with KRASG12C in its active configuration.

See related article by Tanaka et al., p. 1913.
Chemerin Tips the Scales in ccRCC to Evade Ferroptosis
Authors: Reznik Ed , Jiang Hui , Hakimi A. Ari
Published: March 2022

Obesity is both a risk factor for the development of the most common form of kidney cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), and a prognostically protective factor for clinical outcomes. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Tan and colleagues identify the tumor- and adipose-derived adipokine chemerin as a circulating mediator of ccRCC lipid metabolism and ferroptotic susceptibility that may clarify the paradoxical relationship between ccRCC and obesity.

See related article by Tan et al., p. 2072.
The Multicomponent Day-Care Program Prevents Volume Reduction in a Memory-Related Brain Area in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Boku Youshun , Ota Miho , Nemoto Miyuki , Numata Yuriko , Kitabatake Ayako , Takahashi Takumi , Nemoto Kiyotaka , Tamura Masashi , Sekine Aya , Ide Masayuki , Kaneda Yuko , Arai Tetsuaki
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered an important period for interventions to prevent progression to dementia. Nonpharmacological interventions for MCI include exercise training, cognitive intervention, and music therapy. These play an important role in improving cognitive function, but their effects on brain plasticity in individuals with MCI are largely unknown. We investigated the effects of a multicomponent day-care program provided by the University of Tsukuba Hospital on the longitudinal brain volume changes in MCI patients. Methods: MCI patients who participated in the multicomponent day-care program and underwent whole-brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) twice during their participation (n = 14), were included. We divided them into two groups according to their attendance rate and conducted a between-group analysis of longitudinal volume changes in the whole cerebral cortex. Regional brain volumes derived from the patients’ MRI were calculated with Freesurfer 6.0.0. Results: The neuroimaging analysis demonstrated that the left rostral anterior cingulate cortex volume was significantly preserved in the high-attendance group compared to that of the low-attendance group. Conclusion: Our results suggest that continuous participation in a multicomponent day-care program could help prevent a volume reduction in memory-related brain areas in patients with MCI.
Cognitive Impairment in Thalassemia and Associated Factors
Authors: Limpawattana Panita , Juntararuangtong Thitikorn , Teawtrakul Nattiya , Wanitpongpun Chinadol , Lanamtieng Theerin , Phiphitaporn Pisa , Chansung Kanchana
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Patients with thalassemia increase the risk of developing cognitive impairment. Chronic anemia, oxidative stress from excess iron, and hypercoagulable state were related to this condition. The study regarding its prevalence and the associated factor in Southeast Asia is limited. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the prevalence of cognitive impairment and associated factors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of thalassemic patients aged 18 years or more at the Hematology Clinic of Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Thailand, from January to May 2021. The Thai version of the Mini-Cog test was used to determine the presence of cognitive impairment. The clinical and laboratory parameters indicated as potential risk factors for dementia were evaluated in all patients. A stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to determine the associated risk factors for cognitive impairment. Results: Among 150 patients, cognitive impairment was found in 40 patients (26.7%). Age per 10-year increase (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] of 1.6), no iron chelation therapy (AOR of 9.8), current smoking (AOR of 5.0), hemoglobin (Hb) (AOR of 0.63), and ferritin (AOR of 1.0001) were independent factors associated with cognitive impairment. Conclusions: The prevalence of cognitive impairment was high among thalassemic patients. Increasing age, low Hb, iron overload, and current smoking were significant associated factors with cognitive impairment. Screening for dementia in these patients is recommended, particularly in patients with high-risk factors.
Association Between Atrial Fibrillation and Occupational Exposure in Firefighters Based on Self‐Reported Survey Data
Authors: Vanchiere Catherine , Thirumal Rithika , Hendrani Aditya , Dherange Parinita , Bennett Angela , Shi Runhua , Gopinathannair Rakesh , Olshansky Brian , Smith Denise L. , Dominic Paari
Published: March 2022

Background

Exposure to inhaled smoke, pollutants, volatile organic compounds, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the firefighting environment has been associated with detrimental respiratory and cardiovascular effects, making firefighters a unique population with both personal and occupational risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Some of these exposures are also associated with development of atrial fibrillation. We aimed to study the association of atrial fibrillation and occupational exposure in firefighters.

Methods and Results

A cross‐sectional survey was conducted between October 2018 and December 2019. Data were gathered electronically and stored in a secure REDCap database through Louisiana State University Health Shreveport. Firefighters who were members of at least 1 of 5 preselected professional organizations were surveyed via electronic links distributed by the organizations. The survey queried the number of fires fought per year as a measure of occupational exposure, as well as self‐reported cardiovascular disease. A total of 10 860 active firefighters completed the survey, of whom 93.5% were men and 95.5% were aged ≤60 years. Firefighters who fought a higher number of fires per year had a significantly higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation (0–5 fires per year 2%, 6–10 fires per year 2.3%, 11–20 fires per year 2.7%, 21–30 fires per year 3%, 31 or more fires per year 4.5%;
P
<0.001). Multivariable logistic regression showed that a higher number of fires fought per year was associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (odds ratio 1.14 [95% CI, 1.04–1.25];
P
=0.006).

Conclusions

Firefighters may have an increased risk of atrial fibrillation associated with the number of fires they fight per year. Further clinical and translational studies are needed to explore causation and mechanisms.
The Challenge of Christian Deliberation in a Libertarian Context
Authors: Glenna Leland L. , Stofferahn Curtis W.
Published: March 2022

In 2005, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America’s (ELCA) Churchwide Assembly authorized the formation of a task force to prepare a social statement on genetics and faith. Although the Churchwide Assembly voted to adopt the social statement in August of 2011 by a wide margin, there had been an earlier controversy. In June 2010, an article in the Dakota Farmer questioned whether the ELCA was accusing farmers of “sin” for planting genetically engineered crop seeds. At least two churches in rural North Dakota cited this factor as a reason for leaving the ELCA. Seven synods with strong farmer constituencies proposed resolutions challenging the social statement. This paper explores how the opposition used agrarianism and libertarianism to attack the ELCA’s use of the Christian concept of the common good in the social statement. This case reveals the challenges that the Church faces when contributing to ethical deliberations on controversial issues.
Richard Baxter Conformed to Nonconformity
Authors: Sytsma David S.
Published: March 2022

Through an examination of the Nonconformist reception of Richard Baxter, this essay provides a window into theological transition within early modern Protestantism. I argue that, although Baxter excelled in knowledge of scholastic theology, integrated scholastic theology into his practical writings, and produced a great scholastic system of theology—the Methodus Theologiae Christianae (1681)—over the course of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, scholastic and philosophical aspects within Baxter’s corpus were ignored, downplayed, and even excised by Nonconformists who otherwise strongly sympathized with his writings. The modern focus on Baxter’s practical works and neglect of Baxter’s scholastic theology is due in large part to this later reception. The story of Baxter’s reception is, moreover, illustrative of a general shift in philosophical and theological orientation in late seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Nonconformity.
Religious Belonging and Multinational Encounters in “Infidel Izmir”
Authors: Hazir Ediz
Published: March 2022

In Turkey, the Roman Catholic Church faces an uncertain future as it lacks official recognition of its legal status. Thus, the survival of the small parishes signifies the survival of the Catholic Church in contemporary Turkey. This article focuses on the perseverance of the multicultural Roman Catholic community of Our Lady of Lourdes (Notre Dame de Lourdes) of Göztepe (in Izmir) after the arrival of Father Gabriel Ferone in 2008. The revival of Our Lady of Lourdes resulted from people of different backgrounds (i.e., Europeans, African students, Turks) moving to Izmir and joining this parish. The paper also explores the change in the demography of the parish during its transformation throughout the years.
Mysticism and Theosophy in the Service of the Regime: Azharite Scholars and the Challenges to Religion-State Relations under Mubarak
Authors: Machlis Elisheva
Published: March 2022

Challenged by Salafi Islam, Sufism managed to reassert itself in Egypt by acquiring new roles in society while emphasizing commitment to the Sharia. This article explores the role played by the religious organs of the state in promoting Sufism under President Hosni Mubarak, in the context of growing challenges to religion-state relations during this period. Focusing on the thought of ʿAlī Jumʿa, the Grand Mufti of Egypt (2003–2013), and the current Shaykh al-Azhar Aḥmad Muḥammad Aḥmad al-Ṭayyib, it also assesses the contribution of popular preachers, many of whom were graduates of al-Azhar, to this mystical discourse. The study aims to demonstrate that these popular preachers shared with the Azharite scholar some form of identification with theoretical mysticism, reflecting a broad inclination towards Sufism within Egyptian society.

The Shaykh al-Azhar and the Grand Mufti sought to prove the compatibility between spirituality with its esoteric and introspective basis and Islamic law with its more worldly and structured dimension, by incorporating a theosophical debate within an apologetic exchange with Western thought. While this encounter with mysticism did not represent a new phenomenon, the novelty was in its political direction, in which a Sufi-oriented worldview became a tool to strengthen the regime’s position in its struggle against Islamist movements. The regime’s growing dependence on its religious institutions to counter the challenge of political Islam enhanced the bargaining-position of al-Azhar and Dār al-Iftāʾ, providing them leverage to advance the path of Islam and mitigate the regime’s secular orientation. While many popular preachers backed moderate Islamism, the religious officials of al-Azhar and Dār al-Iftāʾ relied on mysticism to support a highly supervised state-sponsored Islam. The reliance on the spiritual path to support diverse political trends demonstrates the all-encompassing and dynamic nature of theoretical mysticism as it was infused with rationalism, new knowledge, politics and a Sharia-based worldview.
On the History of Sufism in Australia: A Manuscript from the Broken Hill Mosque
Authors: Cook Abu Bakr Sirajuddin , Dawood Rami
Published: March 2022

As scholarly interest in Australia’s cameleers has increased, there has been suggestions that some of these Muslim migrants were connected with Sufism. However, to date, there has been limited analysis and insufficient evidence to claim a strong connection between the cameleers and Sufism in Australia. This article attempts to rectify this by providing an analysis and translation of a handwritten manuscript found at Broken Hill’s historic cameleer mosque. The contents of this manuscript highlight a strong connection to the history of Sufism, tracing separate family and pedagogic genealogies back to ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī (d. 561/1166), the founder of the Qādiriyya Sufi order.
The Eleatic Palamedes: Zeno’s Defence of the Eleatic Doctrine of the One-All in the Phaedrus
Authors: Ferro Francesco
Published: March 2022

The aim of this paper is to make good philosophical sense of Plato’s portrayal of Zeno in the Phaedrus, both in itself and in the light of the characterization emerging from the Parmenides, where Plato describes Zeno as a faithful defender of the doctrine of the One-All professed by his teacher Parmenides. Therefore, starting from the example of the Parmenides, I will demonstrate that, from Plato’s point of view, the pairs of opposites that characterize Zeno’s arguments in the Phaedrus do not constitute contrasting positions that the Eleatic thinker adopted at different times, but contradictory consequences deriving from the admission of multiplicity. Finally, this will allow us to truly understand both the reason why in the Phaedrus Zeno is counted among those who practice the ἀντιλογικὴ τέχνη and the sarcasm that Plato expresses through the epithet Palamedes.
Philosopher, choisir sa vie. Du mythe d’Er à la prohairesis d’Épictète
Authors: Bourbon Marion
Published: March 2022

This paper aims to shed light on Plato’s myth of Er contribution to the emergence of a conception of choice as a principle of identity. Our hypothesis is that this myth brings out what is a real choice and that only philosophy enable us to make it. Philosophy as a way of life is that according to it our choice of life become a free choice and a principle of identity — because this first choice determines all the others in the entire life. From this view, I propose to assign Cicero’s voluntas and Epictetus’s prohairesis — as faculty of choice and principle of personal identity — to this point of the myth : philosophy appears as the way to make the choice to choose. In this regard, we are our choices.
miR-1258 Enhances the Anti-Tumor Effect of Liver Cancer Natural Killer (NK) Cells by Stimulating Toll-Liker Receptor (TLR)7/8 to Promote Natural Killer (NK)-Dendritic Cell (DC) Interaction
Authors: Hai Yuedong , Hong Yu , Yang Yuzhu
Published: March 2022

TLR7/8 agonists are immunomodulators for treating skin cancer or virus infections. miR-1258 can activate TLR7/8. This study aims to explore the role of TLR7/8 agonists and miR-1258 in activating liver cancer NK cells. NK cells and DC cells were treated with TLR7/8 agonists R837, ssRNA40
and miR-1258 followed by analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell behaviors in vivo and in vitro. TLR7/8 agonist miR-1258 activated NKs and promoted DCs maturation. In addition, DCs also assisted NKs to function and enhance the anti-HCC immune responses. The interaction
of DCs with NK cells stimulated by TLR7/8 agonist miR-1258 can significantly inhibit tumor development and metastasis in mice HCC model. TLR7 or TLR8 agonists, especially miR-1258, promoted DCs-NKs interaction by promoting the secretion of related cytokines and cell/cell contact, which increased
anti-tumor activity of NKs and promoted DC-NK cells to inhibit the growth of HCC cells. In conclusion, miR-1258 simultaneously stimulates the expression of TLR7/8, and promotes NK-DC cells to inhibit the growth of HCC cells, providing a theoretical basis for the treatment of liver cancer.
The Effect of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Exosomes (BMSC-EXO) on Tumor Angiogenesis and Its Mechanism in Ovarian Cancer Microenvironment
Authors: Huang Hongli , Cheng Min , Zhu Xialing
Published: March 2022

In ovarian cancer microenvironment, BMSC cells can differentiate into a variety of stem cells, thereby reducing the damage to tissues, and this effect lies in the exosomal substances secreted by BMSC cells. Then, in ovarian cancer microenvironment, whether BMSC-exo exhibited an effect on angiogenesis at the tumor site, and its possible molecular mechanism remains unclear. BALA nude mice and ovarian cancer tumor tissues were collected to isolate vascular endothelial cells which were then assigned into Control group, 40μg/ml BMSC-exo group, 80μg/ml BMSC-exo group, 120μg/ml BMSC-exo group in the presence of Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor (PNU-74654) followed by analysis of proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer vascular endothelial cells (OCVECs) and the angiogenesis. 40μg/ml and 80μg/mlBMSC-exo group showed significantly higher cell proliferation than control group with higher cell number in 80μg/ml BMSC-exo group than 40μg/ml BMSC-exo group (P< 0.05). The number of cell migration after BMSC-exo treatment was increased (P< 0.05) and the tumor tissue showed obvious angiogenesis with more CD31-positive cells (P< 0.05). PNU-74654 group showed significantly downregulated Wnt andβ-catenin proteins (P< 0.05) and lower cell number and higher migration rate of vascular endothelial cells (P< 0.05). In conclusion, exosomes secreted by BMSC can repair damaged tissues possibly through activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
miR-556-3p/Disabled Homolog 2-Interacting Protein (dab2ip) Promotes Cancer Progression by Down-Regulating Bcl-2-Like Protein 11 (BIM) Expression in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Huang Jingping , Cheng Xueyuan , Liao Zuowei , Gao Xueyuan
Published: March 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major threat affecting human health. Studies have shown that miR-556-3p can regulate dab2ip and promote tumor deterioration, and up-regulation of BIM inhibits CRC cell progression. However, the interaction between miR-556-3p/dab2ip and BIM in CRC is unknown.
We examined miR-556-3p expression in CRC tissues and cells by RT-qPCR. The impact of miR-556-3p/dab2ip and BIM on CRC cell behaviors were assessed by western blot, transwell and MTT assay. miR-556-3p was highly expressed in CRC and its overexpression increased CRC cell proliferation and migration
as well as up-regulated dab2ip and Ki-67 expression. Besides, miR-556-3p could target the BIM and overexpressed miR-556-3p decreased BIM expression. However, silencing of BIM abrogated the impact of overexpressed miR-556-3p on CRC cell proliferation and migration. In conclusion, miR-556-3p/dab2ip
promotes cell growth by down-regulating the expression of BIM, thereby promoting the progression of CRC.
Java–Sumatra Niño/Niña and Its Impact on Regional Rainfall Variability
Authors: Lee Sang-Ki , Lopez Hosmay , Foltz Gregory R. , Lim Eun-Pa , Kim Dongmin , Larson Sarah M. , Pujiana Kandaga , Volkov Denis L. , Chakravorty Soumi , Gomez Fabian A.
Published: March 2022

A phenomenon referred to here as Java–Sumatra Niño/Niña (JSN or JS Niño/Niña) is characterized by the appearance of warm/cold sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the coastal upwelling region off Java–Sumatra in the southeastern equatorial Indian Ocean. JSN develops in July–September and sometimes as a precursor to the Indian Ocean dipole, but often without corresponding SSTAs in the western equatorial Indian Ocean. Although its spatiotemporal evolution varies considerably between individual events, JSN is essentially an intrinsic mode of variability driven by local atmosphere–ocean positive feedback, and thus does not rely on remote forcing from the Pacific for its emergence. JSN is an important driver of climate variability over the tropical Indian Ocean and the surrounding continents. Notably, JS Niña events developing in July–September project onto the South and Southeast Asian summer monsoons, increasing the probability of heavy rainfall and flooding across the most heavily populated regions of the world.
Management of Blunt Traumatic Abdominal Wall Hernias: An Analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank
Authors: Paul Manika , Kondal Bhani , Napatkamon Ayutyanont , Sheets Nicholas , Mahmoud Ahmed , Plurad David
Published: March 2022

Background

Blunt traumatic abdominal wall hernias (TAWH) are uncommon injuries with variable presentation and unstandardized management. Few national systematic descriptive studies have been conducted about TAWH. We present a retrospective descriptive study utilizing the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) to better characterize risk factors associated with TAWH and management practices.

Methods

The NTDB (years 2016-2019) was examined for adult blunt trauma patients who had TAWH. Data included demographics, trauma-specific variables, management strategies, and outcome measures. Descriptive statistics were performed by univariate analysis.

Results

2 871 367 adult blunt trauma patients were identified in the NTDB dataset. 206 had abdominal wall hernias (<.01%). Compared with the overall blunt trauma cohort, patients with TAWH had higher body mass index (BMI) and Injury Severity Scores (ISS), were more likely to be male, and had a higher mortality rate. 44 patients (21%) underwent operative management during their initial admission. Surgically managed patients were younger, had higher ISS and BMI, and were more likely to have concomitant intra-abdominal injuries. The few patients who had laparoscopic surgery had significantly higher BMI. Patients managed operatively had longer hospital and ICU lengths of stay and increased incidence of medical complications.

Conclusions

TAWH is an uncommon complication of blunt abdominal trauma, associated with higher BMI, ISS, and increased mortality. Initial operative management was pursued in 21% of cases, more often in younger, more severely injured patients with other intra-abdominal injuries. Evidence-based guidelines, based on multicenter prospective studies with longer follow-up, should be developed for management of these unique injuries.
WordSift: Reading Easier by Understanding Key Words
Authors: Hu Ke , Deng Ying , Liu Xiaobin
Published: March 2022

High frequency words, which are key to a text, must be mastered to achieve minimum levels of reading proficiency. However, knowledge about the frequency of items in a language is very limited. Given this consideration, WordSift ( www.wordsift.org ), a word cloud tool based on high frequency and key words can assist English as a Foreign Language learners of intermediate level who have difficulty in reading the text due to limited vocabulary knowledge and all of its distinctive features can be applied in varied stages of reading instruction.
A reply to Gerard Loughlin’s ‘Catholic homophobia’
Authors: Pugeda Teofilo
Published: March 2022

This article replies to the accusations of homophobia levelled against the Catholic Church by Loughlin in his article in Theology. In it, he critiques the ‘culture of the Catholic Church – as constituted through the Roman magisterium’, without considering a broader ecclesiology of the Church necessary to substantiate his generalized claim that ‘homophobia is … a matter of Christian culture, of Catholic culture’. As such, his claim must be contextualized by the normative considerations presented in this article.
One-shot cardioplegia for minimally invasive mitral valve repair-a comparison of del Nido and Bretschneider Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate solutions
Authors: Gerber Witold , Sanetra Krzysztof , Gerber Agnieszka Drzewiecka- , Jankowska-Sanetra Justyna , Kuczera Małgorzata , Białek Krzysztof , Buszman Piotr Paweł , Bochenek Andrzej
Published: March 2022

Background

Minimally invasive procedures are demanding in terms of cardioprotection. In many leading centres Bretschneider HTK solution is used for mitral valve surgery. The study was designed to provide comparison of the del Nido and Bretschneider HTK protocol.

Methods

Patients who underwent minimally invasive mitral valve repair for primary mitral regurgitation and received single delivery of either del Nido (Group 1) or Bretschneider HTK cardioplegia (Group 2) were matched on basis of age, gender and length of the cross-clamp time. The groups were compared in terms of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (death, myocardial infarction, stroke), high sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT) and creatine kinase- MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) release at 12 h and 24 h following the surgery, incidence of low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS), postoperative arrhythmia, transfusions and postoperative renal function.

Results

Case control matching selected 38 pairs of patients. None of patients died, nor suffered from myocardial infarction or stroke. Troponin values did not differ at 12 h (median: 281.0 pg/mL vs 313.0 pg/mL; p = .38) and 24 h (median: 261.0 pg/mL vs 299.0 pg/mL; p = .54), as well as CK-MB at 12 h (median: 25.0 ng/mL vs 29.0 ng/mL; p = .31) and 24 h (median: 11.0 ng/mL versus 9.6 ng/mL; p = .46). Difference in occurrence of LCOS was insignificant (2 vs 7; 5.2% vs 18.4%; p =.15). No difference was shown in incidence of postoperative arrhythmia, transfusions and renal function.

Conclusions

Del Nido cardioplegia can be used safely as an alternative for Bretschneider HTK for minimally invasive mitral valve surgery.
Investigation and multi-objective optimization of monocrystalline silicon wafering using wire electro-discharge machining
Authors: Verma Anmol S , Singh Shankar
Published: March 2022

Monocrystalline silicon wafers are widely used as the primary material for solar cell production in the photovoltaic industry, owing to their high efficiency and sleeker aesthetic. Wafering is the primary process towards wafer production. The existing wafering processes have limitations of cracking, chipping, and high kerf loss, arising the need for cost-efficient and precise methods to produce wafers. In the present experimental work, an attempt has been made to explore the potential of Wire Electro-discharge Machining (WEDM) for wafer production and to gain an understanding of the effects caused by pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time (Toff), peak current (Ip), wire tension (WT), and wire feed rate (WFR) during the wafering process to achieve the optimal parametric setting for attaining maximum wafering speed and minimum surface roughness. The work material used was P-type monocrystalline silicon. Wafers thickness of 250 μm was produced, avoiding edge chipping. The experimentation was planned according to the face-centered central composite design. The obtained results were statistically analyzed, and response surface methodology (RSM) was used to model the wafering speed and surface roughness. From the analysis of experimental results, it was noticed that at the higher level of Ton and Ip, a maximum wafering speed of 2.574 mm/min was attained. In contrast, the minimum surface roughness of 1.57 μm was achieved at the lower level of Ton and Ip. The most significant process variables that influence the wafering speed and surface roughness are the Ton, Toff, and Ip. Micrographs of the wafer surface reveal the presence of micro craters, but there was no evidence of micro-cracks. The multi-objective optimization of the responses was done using the desirability approach, and the optimized values of wafering speed and surface roughness attained were 0.989 mm/min and 1.57 μm, respectively.
Multiple Entrepreneurial Intentions: An Individual Case Study
Authors: Donaldson Colin , Liñán Francisco , Alegre Joaquín , Villagrasa Jorge
Published: March 2022

Contemporary research has shown that entrepreneurial intention (EI) has become an increasingly popular topic of investigation. That being said, whereas the parent field of entrepreneurship is acknowledging its inherent dynamic and processual nature, the same is not true of EI. The current article therefore seeks to apply an emerging meta-theoretical process framework in the form of Manuel Delanda’s assemblage theory (AT) in ambition to extend our knowledge of how EIs unfold over time. A single in-depth case study design was implemented to track changes in an individual’s entrepreneurial intending. Data were captured using semi-structured interviews and then analysed using NVivo coding software. Findings suggest that it is through the interaction of contextually defined factors and their unique capacities that an emergent intentional whole can be created. The current article provides a foundation to consider intent through a more socially situated outlook and can act as a platform to guide further research in the area. The concept of entrepreneurial process intentions is introduced to atone for the dynamic interplay between spatially and temporally bound factors that can lead to a specific form of EI emerging.
A Substandard Autobiographical Sketch in Three Chapters
Authors: Singh Harshit Pratap
Published: March 2022

All aspects of our lives, including educational access and quality, are affected by our socio-economic position. This reflective note about the author’s educational experiences describes the interlinkages of caste and education. It talks about how those experiences played an integral role in shaping the author’s beliefs about caste, reservation and merit, and made him challenge the implicit as well as explicit forms of discrimination prevalent in our society. The autobiographical sketch is anchored around the idea of ‘merit’ and the perceived non-meritoriousness of students belonging to the reserved categories (especially SC and ST). These first-hand as well as second-hand experiences of caste-based discrimination paint a contextual and grounded picture of the challenges faced by the author (and other Dalit students) in his education. The note ends with an implicit demand for dignity and the need of acknowledging the struggles of students from marginalised communities by not isolating their experiences from the sociological context that they are part of.
Informal Caregivers’ Administration of Concentrated Liquid Morphine to Hospice Patients Receiving Home Care: Does Regimen Matter?
Authors: Cravo Emma , Weisse Carol S.
Published: March 2022

Background: Hospice patients receiving care at home rely on caregivers to manage liquid morphine for pain and dyspnea during the dying process. Medication is prescribed under varying regimens, yet caregivers are not required to record when morphine is used. Therefore, it is not known whether morphine use varies by regimen for hospice patients dying at home. Design and methods : A retrospective review of medication records from 227 deceased hospice patients who received routine home care in a residential setting in the U.S. Concentrated liquid morphine doses prescribed by hospice and doses administered by caregivers were calculated 7 days prior to death and on the day of death. Percent of maximum dose prescribed was determined by regimen type (scheduled, pro re nata, or combination) and by prescription flexibility (varied vs set doses/times). Results : Morphine was prescribed to 60.4% of patients a week prior to death and to 86.8% of patients on the day they died. Doses prescribed and percent morphine administered increased over the last week ( P < .05), but percent of morphine administered was low 1 week prior to death (23.40%) and on the day of death (30.68%). On patients’ day of death, nearly half (48.6%) of prescriptions included flexibility, and administration rates were lower ( P < .01) with flexible prescriptions (21.84%) than with structured regimens (39.52%). Conclusion: Morphine was frequently prescribed in the last week of life, but administration rates by caregivers were low, especially with less structured regimens. Caregivers may need more guidance regarding morphine’s use at home, especially with more flexible regimens.
Test of a Social Cognitive Model of Proactive Career Behavior
Authors: Lent Robert W. , Morris Taylor R. , Wang Ruogu J. , Moturu Bhanu P. , Cygrymus Emily R. , Yeung Jeffrey G.
Published: March 2022

We applied the social cognitive model of career self-management (CSM) to the study of proactive career behavior, referring to workers’ active attempts to guide their own career development. Within the CSM framework, proactive behavior is conceived as a key agentic ingredient linking cognitive, social, and personality mechanisms with a variety of career advancement and sustainability outcomes. A sample of 511 early to mid-career adult workers in the U.S. completed an online survey including measures of proactive career behavior, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations; proactive personality; supervisory support; and three positive career self-management outcomes (perceived career success, growth in work rewards, and job marketability). We tested measurement and structural models, respectively, examining the factor structures of, and hypothesized paths among, the constructs. These models offered good overall fit to the data and were found to be invariant across gender. We consider the implications of the findings for future inquiry on career sustainability from a social cognitive perspective.
Wairua in memories and responses to Anzac Day
Authors: Gunn Te Raina , Barnes Helen Moewaka , McCreanor Timothy
Published: March 2022

Although research acknowledges wairua (spirituality) as a key component of Māori understandings, experience and practice, few studies include wairua as an explicit analytical theme or domain. Utilising the A Wairua Approach to research, we explore the experiences of two participants on Anzac Day. Through A Wairua Approach analysis of video recordings, we explored the meanings and connections related to whakapapa (genealogy) and the mana (prestige, status) of the 28th (Māori) Battalion. We also explored the promises made and broken and what participants saw as tikanga (method, formality) in their responses to Anzac Day and the meanings it held for them. Through expression of emotions, the participants recalled past events and actively engaged in making connections between present and past grief and injustices. Although national days may unite people, they are not necessarily felt in the same ways in different contexts. For these participants, being Māori shaped their experiences and the forms that connection took.
The psychology of vacationers’ hotel brand choice in a post-pandemic world
Authors: Kim Jinkyung Jenny , Lee Myong Jae , Han Heesup
Published: March 2022

The present study investigated patrons’ intricate psychological process for hotel brand choice and preference. This research uncovered hotel selection attributes in shaping brand loyalty through customer experience, brand trust, brand attachment, age, and gender in the post-pandemic world. This paper categorized hotel selection attributes into that vacationers appreciate in the domestic tourism context. The findings indicated the significant effect of hotel selection attributes on customer experience, which in turn affect brand preference. Also, the moderating effect of age was identified in the relationship between hotel selection attributes and customer experience. This research is among the first to revisit hotel selection attributes for domestic tourism amid the pandemic and the way to cultivate the loyalty toward a hotel brand.
Arthroscopic management of a cavitated calcaneum following gunshot injury
Authors: Sakka Samir A
Published: March 2022

We report a 35 year old man who sustained a close range through and through gunshot injury to his calcaneum causing a comminuted cavitated fracture with contamination from his socks and shoe. He was successfully treated by a novel technique of intra-osseous arthroscopic removal of contamination debris, debridement and extensive arthroscopic washout. At a second stage, the fracture was bone grafted from his iliac crest with subsequent union of the fracture and reconstitution of the trabeculae, meaning he regained excellent hindfoot function. At 2 years follow-up there has been no sequelae from his injury and he remains pain and infection free.
Evolutionary history
Authors: Morris Ian
Published: March 2022

Few academic historians take an evolutionary perspective on the past, but this outcome was not inevitable. Leading eighteenth-century intellectuals often took evolutionary perspectives, but particularists largely discredited them in and after the 1780s. By the time Spencer and Darwin revived evolutionism in the 1850s, distinctive historical questions and methods were very well-established. Public intellectuals regularly called for Darwinian history, but almost no academics saw much to gain in it. Most twentieth-century social scientists became generalizers but not evolutionists, while most historians not only refused to engage in generalization of any kind but also criticized divisions of labor in which evolutionists would test theories against data generated by historians. Possibilities remain open for a properly evolutionary history, in which scholars trained as historians but asking evolutionary questions would work alongside those trained as evolutionists but analyzing historical data, but currently, this field's prospects depend too much on individual personalities and even luck.
Age of Immigration and Depressive Symptoms Among Young Adult Latinx Immigrants: A Test of Explanatory Models
Authors: Stafford Allison McCord , Sojda Diana , Mercado Emerson Maralis , Nagy Gabriela A. , McCabe Brian E. , Gonzalez-Guarda Rosa M.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Latinx immigrants who migrate to the United States (US) as young children are more likely to experience depression than those who migrate later in life. Our purpose is to test three models that may explain the relationship between age of immigration and depressive symptoms among Latinx immigrants. Methods: A secondary analysis of baseline data from a community-based, longitudinal study of Latinx young adults in the US Southeast was conducted. Latinx immigrants who migrated before the age of 19 years ( n = 157) were included, and path analysis was conducted. Results: Age of immigration and depressive symptoms were negatively related ( b = −0.19, S = 0.08, p = .015), while acculturative stress and depressive symptoms were positively related ( b = 0.04, SE = 0.01, p < .001). No significant indirect effects were found. Conclusion: Our results highlight the importance of assessing acculturative stress and age of immigration as social drivers of mental health in Latinx immigrant children.
P300 Following Four Voluntarily Regulated Yoga Breathing Practices and Breath Awareness
Authors: Kala Niranjan , Telles Shirley , Sharma Sachin Kumar , Balkrishna Acharya
Published: March 2022

Attention was influenced by yoga breathing in previously published research. Each yoga breathing practice uniquely modifies specific breath characteristics. Differences in the study designs, assessment methods and interventions resulted in difficulty in comparing effects between yoga breathing practices. This study aimed (i) to compare four yoga breathing practices on attention using an auditory oddball task and (ii) to determine cardiac autonomic activity associated with attention using heart rate variability. P300 event related potential was recorded simultaneously with heart rate variability before and after 18-minute periods each of (i) high frequency yoga breathing (with increased breath frequency), (ii) bellows yoga breathing (with increased depth of respiration), (iii) alternate nostril yoga breathing (with alternate nostril patency), (iv) bumblebee yoga breathing (with prolonged exhale), (v) breath awareness (with attention to the breath) and (vi) quiet seated rest as control in 38 yoga experienced males (average age ±  SD; 24.08 ± 4.01 years). The six sessions were on separate, randomly allocated days. The P300 peak amplitude recorded at Pz was significantly increased after four yoga breathing practices (Bonferroni adjusted post-hoc tests, repeated measures ANOVA). No significant changes were noted in heart rate variability following yoga breathing or control sessions. These findings suggest that the four yoga breathing practices increase the attentional neural resources engaged for this auditory oddball task, irrespective of the characteristic of breath uniquely regulated in the four yoga breathing practices.