bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced multi-modal mass spectrometry imaging reveals functional differences of placental villous compartments at microscale resolution
Authors: Veličković Marija , Kadam Leena , Kim Joonhoon , Zemaitis Kevin J. , Veličković Dušan , Gao Yuqian , Wu Ruonan , Fillmore Thomas L. , Orton Daniel , Williams Sarah M. , Monroe Matthew E. , Moore Ronald J. , Piehowski Paul D. , Bramer Lisa M. , Myatt Leslie , Burnum-Johnson Kristin E.
Published: February 2025

The placenta is a complex and heterogeneous organ that links the mother and fetus, playing a crucial role in nourishing and protecting the fetus throughout pregnancy. Integrative spatial multi-omics approaches can provide a systems-level understanding of molecular changes underlying the mechanisms leading to the histological variations of the placenta during healthy pregnancy and pregnancy complications. Herein, we advance our metabolome-informed proteome imaging (MIPI) workflow to include lipidomic imaging, while also expanding the molecular coverage of metabolomic imaging by incorporating on-tissue chemical derivatization (OTCD). The improved MIPI workflow advances biomedical investigations by leveraging state-of-the-art molecular imaging technologies. Lipidome imaging identifies molecular differences between two morphologically distinct compartments of a placental villous functional unit, syncytiotrophoblast (STB) and villous core. Next, our advanced metabolome imaging maps villous functional units with enriched metabolomic activities related to steroid and lipid metabolism, outlining distinct molecular distributions across morphologically different villous compartments. Complementary proteome imaging on these villous functional units reveals a plethora of fatty acid- and steroid-related enzymes uniquely distributed in STB and villous core compartments. Integration across our advanced MIPI imaging modalities enables the reconstruction of active biological pathways of molecular synthesis and maternal-fetal signaling across morphologically distinct placental villous compartments with micrometer-scale resolution.
Transcriptional diversification in a human-adapting zoonotic pathogen drives niche-specific evolution
Authors: Ghosh Soma , Wu Chao-Jung , Moller Abraham G. , Launay Adrien , Hall Laina N. , Hansen Bryan T. , Fischer Elizabeth R. , Youn Jung-Ho , Khil Pavel P. , Dekker John P.
Published: February 2025

Bacterial pathogens can undergo striking adaptive evolutionary change in the context of infection, driven by selection forces associated with host defenses and antibiotic treatment. In this work, we analyze the transcriptional landscape associated with adaptation in an emerging zoonotic pathogen, Bordetella hinzii, as it evolved during a 45-month infection in an IL12Rβ1-deficient immunocompromised host. We find evidence of multiple niche-specific modifications in the intravascular and gastrointestinal compartments, involving the superoxide dismutase system, glutamate and ectoine metabolism, chaperone-mediated protein folding, pilus organization, and peptide transport. Individual blood lineages displayed modifications in glutathione, phenylacetate, and 3-phenylpropionate metabolism, iron cluster assembly, and electron transport, whereas individual gastrointestinal lineages demonstrated changes relating to gluconeogenesis, de novo pyrimidine synthesis, and transport of peptides and phosphate ions. Down regulation of the flagellar operon with corresponding loss of flagellar structures occurred in multiple lineages, suggesting an evolutionary tradeoff between motility and host immune evasion. Finally, methylome analysis demonstrates alteration of global genome methylation associated with loss of a Type III methyltransferase. Our findings reveal striking plasticity in how pathogen transcriptomes explore functional space as they evolve in the context of host infection, and demonstrate that such analysis may uncover phenotypic adaptations not apparent from genomic analysis alone.
Insights from the largest diverse ancestry sex-specific disease map for genetically predicted height
Authors: Papadopoulou A. , Litkowski E. M. , Graff M. , Wang Z. , Smit R. A. J. , Chittoor G. , Dinsmore I. , Josyula N. S. , Lin M. , Shortt J. , Zhu W. , Vedantam S. L. , Yengo L. , Wood A. R. , Berndt S. I. , Holm I. A. , Mentch F. D. , Hakonarson H. , Kiryluk K. , Weng C. , Jarvik G. P. , Crosslin D. , Carrell D. , Kullo I. J. , Dikilitas O. , Hayes M. G. , Wei W. -Q. , Edwards D. R. V. , Assimes T. L. , Hirschhorn J. N. , Below J. E. , Gignoux C. R. , Justice A. E. , Loos R. J. F. , Sun Y. V. , Raghavan S. , Deloukas P. , North K. E. , Marouli E.
Published: February 2025

We performed ancestry and sex specific Phenome Wide Association Studies (PheWAS) to explore disease related outcomes associated with genetically predicted height. This is the largest PheWAS on genetically predicted height involving up to 840,000 individuals of diverse ancestry. We explored European, African, East Asian ancestries and Hispanic population groups. Increased genetically predicted height is associated with hyperpotassemia and autism in the male cross-ancestry analysis. We report male-only European ancestry associations with anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress and substance addiction and disorders. We identify a signal with benign neoplasm of other parts of digestive system in females. We report associations with a series of disorders, several with no prior evidence of association with height, involving mental disorders and the endocrine system. Our study suggests that increased genetically predicted height is associated with higher prevalence of many clinically relevant traits which has important implications for epidemiological and clinical disease surveillance and risk stratification.
Quality characteristics and consumer perception of non-alcoholic beers in the context of responsible alcohol consumption
Authors: Gliszczyńska-Świgło Anna , Klimczak Inga , Klensporf-Pawlik Dorota , Rybicka Iga
Published: February 2025

Consumers are becoming more aware of the benefits of reducing alcohol consumption, which has increased the popularity of non-alcoholic beer (NAB). However, the brewing industry still faces many difficulties in producing NAB with similar physicochemical and sensory characteristics to regular beers. To mitigate these challenges, a multidisciplinary study was conducted to: (1) determine selected quality characteristics of various NABs, (2) compare them with literature data for regular beers, and (3) find out how Polish consumers, especially young people, perceive NAB and what motivates them in their purchasing decisions. Physicochemical quality characteristics of NABs, namely pH (4.3–4.7), bitterness (IBU = 12–77), colour (EBC = 6.4–19.6), total soluble solids (2.8–8.3 °Bx), and vitamin B2 content (0.11–0.30 mg/L) were similar to alcoholic beers. Total phenolics (150–321 mg/L), Ca (13–45 mg/L), Mg (40–94 mg/L), K (192–490 mg/L), Na (0.5–57 mg/L), and P (158–467 mg/L) contents in NABs were slightly lower than in alcoholic beers, but this assortment is a healthier source of these nutrients due to the lack of alcohol-related harm. According to the consumer study, taste and availability in shops were found to be crucial factors influencing NAB purchasing decisions.
SFRP2 mediates Epstein-Barr virus and bladder cancer risk: a Mendelian randomization study and colocalization analysis
Authors: Li Jian , Yang Bing , Guo Lei , Huang Wenqi , Hu Qiong , Yan Hongting , Du Changpu , Tan Rong , Tang Dongxin
Published: February 2025

Studies suggest a possible association between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and bladder cancer (BCa) risk, though this remains unclear. Secreted frizzled-related protein (sFRP) is also linked to BCa, with some DNA viruses potentially regulating its expression. This study used Mendelian randomization (MR) and colocalization analysis to explore the causal relationship between EBV infection, BCa risk, and the mediating role of sFRP. We first performed a two-sample MR study to assess the causal relationship between 5 EBV-related antibodies (AEB-IgG, EA-D, EBNA-1, VCA-p18, ZEBRA) and BCa using the Finnish Consortium’s R11 dataset, validated with R10. Reverse MR analysis followed. For significant results, multivariable MR (MVMR) was applied to adjust for confounding risk factors. A two-step MR explored the potential mediating role of 3 sFRPs (sFRP1, sFRP2, sFRP3) between positive exposures and BCa. Colocalization analysis were conducted for positive exposures, mediators, and BCa, with multiple sensitivity analyses confirming the robustness of the results. The two-sample Mendelian randomization study found that EBNA-1 (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01–1.30; p = 0.039) and VCA-p18 (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.13–1.64; p = 0.001) may increase BCa risk, with only VCA-p18 (P_fdr = 0.006) showing a significant effect after False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction. The Finnish Consortium R10 replication study yielded similar results, and reverse MR analysis did not suggest reverse causality. After MVMR adjusted for relevant confounders, VCA-p18 (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.13–1.74; p = 0.002) still significantly increased BCa risk. Two-step MR identified sFRP2 as a mediator, with VCA-p18 down-regulating sFRP2 expression to elevate BCa risk. Colocalization analysis suggested a shared causal variant (nearby gene HLA-DQA1) between VCA-p18 and BCa (PPH4 = 65.44%). Multiple sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results. Our study suggests that EBV infection (VCA-p18 antibody) may increase the risk of BCa by lowering sFRP2 levels. Additionally, EBNA-1 antibodies may also contribute to an elevated risk of BCa. We hope these findings will provide new insights for future research on the association between EBV and BCa.
Gestational hyperglycaemia impacts glucose control and insulin sensitivity in mouse offspring
Authors: Hribar K. , Fisher J. C. , Eichhorn D. , Smit M. , Kloosterhuis N. J. , Bakker B. M. , Oosterveer M. H. , Kruit J. K. , van der Beek E. M.
Published: February 2025

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) predisposes offspring to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. While GDM is studied in the context of maternal obesity and insulin resistance, the consequences of GDM in lean, insulin sensitive women for offspring health are unclear. This preclinical study investigated whether GDM in lean dams characterized by reduced insulin secretion affects offspring metabolic health. Lean GDM was induced by short-term 60% high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin injections before mating in mice. The control dams received only high-fat diet (HF) or low-fat diet (LF). Glucose homeostasis was studied in chow-fed offspring. GDM resulted in decreased birth weight, that resolved at postnatal day 15 (PN15). At PN100, higher postprandial glucose responses were found in GDM offspring, while insulin secretion was lower in both GDM and HF offspring. Female GDM offspring showed lower endogenous glucose production and increased liver insulin sensitivity at PN100 compared to controls. No differences in metabolic parameters were observed at PN200 and PN300. Prenatal exposure to elevated maternal glucose levels without maternal obesity modestly affected glucose regulation in mouse offspring during early adulthood. Future studies should clarify if a less favourable postnatal diet may further challenge metabolic health in offspring of GDM dams.
Nance-Horan-syndrome-like 1b controls mesodermal cell migration by regulating protrusion and actin dynamics during zebrafish gastrulation
Authors: Escot Sophie , Hassanein Yara , Elouin Amélie , Torres-Paz Jorge , Mellottee Lucille , Ignace Amandine , David Nicolas B.
Published: February 2025

Cell migrations are crucial for embryonic development, wound healing, the immune response, as well as for cancer progression. During mesenchymal cell migration, the Rac1-WAVE-Arp2/3 signalling pathway induces branched actin polymerisation, which protrudes the membrane and allows migration. Fine-tuning the activity of the Rac1-WAVE-Arp2/3 pathway modulates protrusion lifetime and migration persistence. Recently, NHSL1, a novel interactor of the Scar/WAVE complex has been identified as a negative regulator of cell migration in vitro. We here analysed its function in vivo, during zebrafish gastrulation, when nhsl1b is expressed in migrating mesodermal cells. Loss and gain of function experiments revealed that nhsl1b is required for the proper migration of the mesoderm, controlling cell speed and migration persistence. Nhsl1b localises to the tip of actin-rich protrusions where it controls protrusion dynamics, its loss of function reducing the length and lifetime of protrusions, whereas overexpression has the opposite effect. Within the protrusion, Nhsl1b knockdown increases F-actin assembly rate and retrograde flow. These results identify Nhsl1b as a cell type specific regulator of cell migration and highlight the importance of analysing the function of regulators of actin dynamics in physiological contexts.
FEN1-assisted LAMP for specific and multiplex detection of pathogens associated with community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Teng Guopeng , Lin Gongde , Wei Pengfan , Lin Lizhi , Chen Hongyuan , Chen Qingquan , Lin Qiuyuan
Published: February 2025

Lower respiratory tract infection (LRITs) including community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide over last ten years, which has posed a serious threat to global healthcare....
Photocatalytic C–C bond thio(seleno)esterification of 1,2-diketone-derived pro-aromatic intermediates
Authors: Pal Amit , Sarkar Sudip , Shibu Aaron , Maity Prakash , Sahoo Basudev
Published: February 2025

We report an organophotocatalyst-enabled oxidant-free C–S/C–Se bond coupling of (un)symmetrical 1,2-diketones via pro-aromatic dihydroquinazolinones/benzothiazolines, employing readily accessible disulfides/diselenides.
Rationalization of thermal properties of some polycyclic organophosphorus compounds by structural and QSPR analyses
Authors: Łastawiecka Elżbieta , Matysiak Joanna , Stankevič Marek , Kozioł Anna , Dyk Konrad , Kamiński Daniel Michael
Published: February 2025

In this work, we establish quantitative structure–property relationships (QSPR) to predict the melting temperatures of diphosphine dioxides possessing a tetradecahydrophosphanthrene core, based on four two-parameter models. Three new compounds were...
How the nitro group position determines the emission properties of π-expanded diketopyrrolopyrroles
Authors: Skonieczny Kamil , Di Maiolo Francesco , Venturi Sara , Iagatti Alessandro , Ricci Alessandro , Bertocchi Francesco , Gryko Daniel T. , Lapini Andrea
Published: February 2025

When the nitro group is located at a distant position with respect to the lactam moiety, the expanded DPP exhibits strong emission with optical brightness exceeding 110 000 (M−1 cm−1) in non-polar solvents.
Investigation of Metal-organic Frameworks and Fluorocarbon Refrigerants Promising for Adsorption Cooling Systems
Authors: Singha Dipankar , Mohapatra Debansh , Rana Malay Kumar
Published: February 2025

Adsorption cooling systems are emerging as cost-effective alternatives to traditional compression-based systems, with a focus on sustainability and energy efficiency. Porous hybrid metal-organic framework (MOF) materials offer promising properties for...
Direct high-altitude observations of 2-methyltetrols in the gas- and particle phase in air masses from Amazonia
Authors: Mohr Claudia , Thornton Joel A. , Shrivastava Manish , Chassaing Anouck , Riipinen Ilona , Bianchi Federico , Andrade Marcos , Wu Cheng
Published: February 2025

We present direct observations of 2-methyltetrol in the gas- and particle phase from the high-altitude measurement station Chacaltaya in the Bolivian Andes and investigate its sources and transport in air masses from Amazonia.
Organic acids from ice wine ameliorate fructose-induced disorders of glycolipid metabolism in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Liu Yang , Han Fuliang , Ma Xinyuan , Yang Luye , Shi Zhenan
Published: February 2025

Excessive intake of fructose has been widely reported to cause glycolipid metabolism disorders, and it is unclear whether long-term consumption of ice wine, a sweet wine with high sugar, is...
Multifunctional acetoacetanilide additive strategy for enhanced efficiency and stability in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Newaz Abdullah Al Hossain , Kumar Anjan , Kanjariya Prakash , Rajiv Asha , Shankhyan Aman , Albert Helen Merina , Mohsen Ahmed , Atif M. , El-Meligy Mohammed
Published: February 2025

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered tremendous interest for their cost-effective solution-based fabrication process and impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE).
Engineering Vacancy-Defective Carbon Nitride Nanowire Clusters for Dramatically Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic H2O2 Production
Authors: Liao Ziyi , Hou Huilin , Du Jingjing , Wang Lin , Wang Shuhua , Wang Shuo , Zhan Xiaoqiang , Yang Hongli , Yang Dongjiang , Yang Weiyou
Published: February 2025

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is recognized as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, but its efficiency is fundamentally hindered by intrinsic limited surface area, charge separation,...
Ultra-high ICE and long cycle stability sodium-ion battery anode: hybrid nanostructure of dominant pyridine N-doped sisal fiber derived carbon-MoS2
Authors: Luo Yuan , Wang Yujie , Li Xuenuan , Lin Shilong , Qin Yingxi , Liao Lei , Zhang Kaiyou , Qin Aimiao
Published: February 2025

A composite of N-doped tubular sisal fiber carbon and MoS2 nanosheets (MoS2/N-TSFC) for sodium-ion battery anode material has been obtained, which has excellent electrochemical performance with an ultra-high ICE (93%) and long cycle stability.
Achieving Multi-Stimuli-Responsive and Color-Tunable Luminescence from Ultralong Organic Phosphorescent Materials
Authors: Zhou Lu , Yan Yu , Fan Jianzhong , Mu Qingfang , Li Xiangchun , Lai Wen-Yong
Published: February 2025

Stimuli-responsive ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) materials have drawn widespread attention owing to their potential in intelligent optoelectronics. However, their tunable emission characteristics are typically observed only after the removal of...
Extracellular vesicles derived from ovarian cancer cell lines discriminated by biochemical and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy approaches
Authors: Pantazi Lefkothea , Untereiner Valérie , Rosales Paolo , Rivet Romain , Audonnet Sandra , Proult Isabelle , Ramont Laurent , Sockalingum Ganesh D. , Brézillon Stéphane
Published: February 2025

Biochemical and FTIR approaches to discriminate ovarian cancer cell-derived EVs.
Three-dimensional CoS1.097/Al2O3 composites assembled with ultra-thin nanosheets for high-performance NOx gas sensing at room temperature
Authors: Sun Baihe , Xue Jialing , Cong Shanshan , Zhang Rui , Lv Weixin , Shi Keying
Published: February 2025

A simple hydrothermal method combined with a self-sacrificial template was utilized to synthesize three-dimensional hierarchical CoS1.097/Al2O3 microflowers (CAS MFs).
Probing the Interactions in Graphene Oxide/MoS2 and Reduced Graphene Oxide/MoS2 Nanoarchitectures Using Multimodal Scanning Probe Microscopy
Authors: Pereira Amanda  Figueiredo , de Oliveira Camilla K. B. Q. M. , Zarbin Aldo J.G. , Schmidt Ariane , Ruegger Almeida Neves Bernardo
Published: February 2025

Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) encompasses a versatile set of characterization techniques that reveal different properties and characteristics of materials. Herein we demonstrate the potential of combining different SPM modes to...
Identification and characterisation of the gamma-ray counterpart of the transitional pulsar candidate CXOU J1109
Authors: Manca A. , Coti Zelati F. , Li J. , Torres D.F. , Ballet J. , Marino A. , Sanna A. , Rea N. , Di Salvo T. , Riggio A. , Burderi L. , Iaria R.
Published: February 2025

Transitional millisecond pulsars (tMSPs) represent a crucial link between the rotation-powered and accretion-powered states of binary pulsars . During their active X-ray state, tMSPs are the only low-mass X-ray binary systems detected up to GeV energies by the Large Area Telescope (LAT). is a newly discovered tMSP candidate in an active X-ray state and is potentially spatially compatible with a faint gamma-ray source listed in the latest point-source catalogue as Confirming the association between and the source is a key step towards validating its classification as a tMSP. We analysed data collected from August 2008 to June 2023 to determine a more accurate localisation of the gamma-ray source, characterise its spectral properties, and investigate potential time variability. By thoroughly reconstructing the gamma-ray background around the source using a weighted likelihood model, we obtain a new localisation that aligns with the position of the X-ray source at the 95% confidence level, with a test statistic value of ∼ 42. This establishes a spatial association between the gamma-ray source and The gamma-ray emission is adequately described by a power-law model with a photon index of Γ = 2.5 ± 0.1 and a corresponding flux of $(3.7±0.9) $,erg,cm^-2,s^-1 in the 0.1--300,GeV range.
Protamine-2 protein abundance in Ongole Grade mature spermatozoa is unrelated to semen quality and DNA fragmentation
Authors: Pardede Berlin Pandapotan , Sawitri Wiwied , Amaliya Anny , Agil Muhammad , Supriatna Iman , Karja Ni Wayan Kurniani , Sumantri Cece
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to analyze the abundance of protein protamine-2 in mature spermatozoa of Ongole Grade bulls and its relation to semen quality and DNA fragmentation. A total of 120 frozen semen straws from six Ongole Grade bulls aged four to five years were used in this study. The bulls were then divided into two groups, group A (post-thawing motility >45%) and group B (post-thawing motility >45%). The semen quality parameters used in this study included progressive motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity, sperm head defects, and DNA fragmentation. Progressive motility was analyzed using computer-assisted semen analysis. Sperm viability was evaluated using eosin-nigrosine staining. The HOS test was used to assess the integrity of the plasma membrane of spermatozoa. Sperm head defects were analyzed using carbolfuchsin-eosin staining. Sperm DNA fragmentation was analyzed using acridine orange staining. The protamine-2 protein abundance was analyzed using the enzyme immunoassay method. Although Group A had considerably better semen quality (P<0.05) than Group B, it met the artificial insemination criteria. The protamine-2 protein abundance tended to be higher (P>0.05) in group B than in group A. The protamine-2 protein abundance in Ongole Grade bulls had no relation to semen quality and DNA fragmentation.
Efforts for ex-situ conservation of Maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) birds through egg hatching
Authors: Rusiyantono Yohan , Tanari Mobius , Mumu Mohamad Ilyas
Published: February 2025

The Maleo bird (Macrocephalon maleo) is a native to Sulawesi Island of Indonesia, where there is currently a downward trend in numbers owing to habitat loss, predation, and poaching of their eggs. A viable option for overcoming the population decline is conserving the species, as controlling its egg hatching. This research examined the methodological aspects, challenges, and outcomes of the Maleo birds’ egg at hatching programs and the importance of storing in situ conservation efforts. The results showed Maleo eggs can hatch at incubator temperature conditions of 32 – 36°C, and the highest hatchability was obtained at 34°C.
Multimodale Interventionen in der Therapie von Adipositas im
Alter
Authors: Kiesswetter Eva , Torbahn Gabriel , Schoene Daniel
Published: February 2025

Mit der zunehmenden Prävalenz von Adipositas bei älteren Menschen gewinnen
maßgeschneiderte therapeutische Strategien an Bedeutung. Aktuelle Leitlinien
empfehlen multimodale Ansätze für das Gewichtsmanagement bei Erwachsenen,
enthalten jedoch keine spezifischen Empfehlungen für ältere Menschen.
Altersbedingte Veränderungen der Körperzusammensetzung, geriatrische Syndrome
und Multimorbidität sind bei Therapieentscheidungen zu berücksichtigen. Eine
Gewichtsreduktion kann den altersbedingten Verlust von Muskel- und Knochenmasse
verstärken und das Risiko ungünstiger Folgen erhöhen. Daher sind
Therapiekonzepte notwendig, die den Verlust von Fettmasse, den Erhalt von
Muskel- und Knochenmasse sowie die Verbesserung des funktionellen Status
anstreben.

Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die multimodale Adipositastherapie im
Alter und fasst klinische Studien zusammen, die solche Interventionen bei
älteren Menschen mit spezifischen Komorbiditäten durchgeführt haben. Multimodale
Interventionen, die moderate Kalorienrestriktion, kombiniertes Kraft- und
Ausdauertraining sowie verhaltenstherapeutische Strategien umfassen, haben sich
als sicher und effektiv erwiesen. Allerdings wurden Komorbiditäten und
geriatrische Syndrome in den Studien selten berücksichtigt. Zudem gibt es wenige
Studien, die spezielle Krankheitsbilder oder Syndrome wie Herzinsuffizienz,
Arthrose oder Gebrechlichkeit als Einschlusskriterium adressieren, was die
Übertragbarkeit der Ansätze einschränkt.
Verbesserung im Blick: Vom Lean Management zur Lean-Logistik
Authors: Kogler Herbert , Kazianschütz Michael , Eisner Jasmin
Published: February 2025

Am LKH-Univ. Klinikum Graz wurde bereits vor zehn Jahren mit der Einführung von Lean-Ansätzen begonnen. Mittlerweile sind ein eigenes Lean-Logistik-Memorandum sowie Huddles Teil der Klinikkultur und ermöglichen eine bessere Patientenversorgung.
Ausschreibungen: Entwicklungen für Kliniken im Vergaberecht: Rückblick und Ausblick
Authors: Kühn Matthias
Published: February 2025

In welcher Vergabesituation können GmbHs als öffentliche Auftraggeber angesehen werden? Können in den Vergabebedingungen vorgegebene einheitliche Dateiformate entscheidend sein? Diese und weiteren Themen waren im Jahr 2024 von Bedeutung.
Allergieschutz: Latexfreie Handschuhe für mehr Sicherheit im OP
Authors: Reisinger Kathrin
Published: February 2025

Latexfreie Schutzhandschuhe sind teurer als ihre Pendants. Zudem gelten sie als nicht ganz so gefühls-intensiv und reißfest. Deshalb werden sie bei Operationen weiterhin nur sehr zögerlich eingesetzt. Das dürfte sich mit den neuen Produkten ändern.
Zukunft des E-Procurements gestalten: Game Changer im Gesundheitswesen – API-Technologie
Authors: Zumbeel Oliver , Kraus Grischa
Published: February 2025

Nach 25 Jahren E-Procurement im Gesundheitswesen bleiben Effizienz und Datenqualität weit hinter den Erwartungen. Hohe Fehlerquoten und mangelnde Integration hemmen Akzeptanz und Innovation. API-Technologie (Application Programming Interfaces) bietet nun Automatisierung zum Nutzen aller.
Lower Extremity Vein Thrombosis And Recurrence in Patients with
Behcetʼs Syndrome: How And When?
Authors: Kaban Nedim , Harman Halil , Balcı Mehmet Ali
Published: February 2025

We aimed to investigate the risk and time to recurrence of venous thrombosis
(VT) in patients with BS, focusing on clinical features and laboratory
parameters.

A total of 67 BS patients with (n=32) and without (n=35) venous thrombosis
(VT) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of the International Criteria for
Behcet’s Disease (ICBD) and were included in the study. Clinical features
(onset of BS-related symptoms, presence of VT relapse and cutaneous ulcer,
and the results of vascular system imaging), demographical data, duration of
symptoms, time to diagnosis, delayed time to diagnosis, and patient
follow-up periods were retrospectively obtained from medical records.
Disease activity was assessed using the Behcet’s Disease Current Activity
Form (BDCAF).

VT was statistically more common in the male population. In the VT group,
superficial thrombophlebitis (STF) was more frequent, while papulopustular
lesions (PPL) and arthritis were also observed more often compared to the
non-VT group. Median time to VT onset was 2 years (minimum: 0–27). The first
episode of VT occurred within the first 5 years of disease onset in 68.75%
(n=22/32) of patients. VT recurrence occurred in 21.8% of patients (n=7/32).
The time to VT recurrence was a median of 3 years (min, max, 3–5 years)
following the first VT episode. There was a statistically significant
correlation between post-thrombotic cutaneous ulcers (PTCUs) and a positive
pathergy test (p=0.048). Time to VT onset was 2.23 years in smokers and 6.38
years in non-smokers. This difference was found to be statistically
significant when evaluated by a log-rank test (p=0.05).

VT develops earlier in BS patients who smoke and have a family history of BS.
One of the unique findings of our study is that pathergy test positivity
predicts the risk of developing PTCUs. Although VT is most common within the
first 5 years of the BS, VT recurrence occurs within the first 10 years.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue sampling: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Technical and Technology Review
Authors: Facciorusso Antonio , Arvanitakis Marianna , Crinò Stefano Francesco , Fabbri Carlo , Fornelli Adele , Leeds John , Archibugi Livia , Carrara Silvia , Dhar Jahnvi , Gkolfakis Paraskevas , Haugk Beate , Iglesias Garcia Julio , Napoleon Bertrand , Papanikolaou Ioannis S. , Seicean Andrada , Stassen Pauline M. C. , Vilmann Peter , Tham Tony C. , Fuccio Lorenzo
Published: February 2025

This Technical and Technology Review from the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) represents an update of the previous document on the technical aspects of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided sampling in gastroenterology, including the available types of needle, technical aspects of tissue sampling, new devices, and specimen handling and processing. Among the most important new recommendations are:

ESGE recommends end-cutting fine-needle biopsy (FNB) needles over reverse-bevel FNB or
fine-needle aspiration (FNA) needles for tissue sampling of solid pancreatic lesions; FNA may
still have a role when rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) is available.

ESGE recommends EUS-FNB or mucosal incision-assisted biopsy (MIAB) equally for tissue
sampling of subepithelial lesions ≥20 mm in size. MIAB could represent the first choice for
smaller lesions (<20 mm) if proper expertise is available.

ESGE does not recommend the use of antibiotic prophylaxis before EUS-guided tissue
sampling of solid masses and EUS-FNA of pancreatic cystic lesions.
Detection Accuracy of [68Ga] PSMA PET/CT with Rising PSA in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Mohan Parul , Wadhwa Palak , Mahajan Harsh , Kumar Dileep , Aringhieri Giacomo , Cioni Dania
Published: February 2025

Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of gallium-68 [68Ga] prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in prostate cancer diagnosis.

Methods This is a retrospective, single-center, observational cross-sectional study, which is provided after ethics committee clearance, from May 2, 2022 to June 25, 2022. Study includes sample size of 50 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma with varying PSA levels and Gleason score of 6 to 9 who underwent [68Ga] PSMA PET/CT scan. The patients included in this study underwent PET/CT scan on uMI550 (United Imaging Healthcare, Shanghai, China).

Results All patients were divided into three groups based on PSA levels in ng/mL as: PSA ≤ 0.2 (8%), 0.2 < PSA ≤ 1 (10%), 1 < PSA ≤ 3 (8%), 3 < PSA ≤ 10 (18%), and PSA > 10 (56%). Among 50 scans, at least one PSMA avid lesion was visualized in 41 scans (78.9%). These scans were considered positive and included in this study, rest of the scans had insignificant PSMA uptake and were considered negative. [68Ga] PSMA PET/CT detection rates were 75.0, 20.0, 50.0, 88.90, and 89.3% in patients with PSA ≤ 0.2, 0.2 < PSA ≤ 1, 1 < PSA ≤ 3, 3 < PSA ≤ 10, and PSA > 10, respectively. In addition to prostate bed, lesions were also visualized in lymph nodes (32%), liver (2%), skeleton (28%), and thorax (6%). Considering lesions in the prostate bed a significant direct correlation was detected between maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and PSA value (p = 0.03).

Discussion PSMA PET/CT has been demonstrated to be an effective method for identifying both low-grade Gleason score tumors and low PSA levels. The study provides support for the use of [68Ga] PSMA PET/CT in conjunction with PSA levels for the evaluation of prostate cancer, including local recurrence and distant metastases.

Conclusion The findings of this study indicate that PSMA PET/CT is an effective method for diagnosing prostate cancer, as it allows for the detection of high SUVmax values in pathological tissues. Furthermore, high sensitivity and detection rates are noted with PSMA PET/CT scan even in cases where PSA levels were low. Therefore, this study demonstrates that [68Ga] PSMA PET/CT is beneficial for the early detection of prostate cancer and the prediction of treatment outcomes.
Machine-assisted quantitizing designs: augmenting humanities and social sciences with artificial intelligence
Authors: Karjus Andres
Published: February 2025

The increasing capacities of large language models (LLMs) have been shown to present an unprecedented opportunity to scale up data analytics in the humanities and social sciences, by automating complex qualitative tasks otherwise typically carried out by human researchers. While numerous benchmarking studies have assessed the analytic prowess of LLMs, there is less focus on operationalizing this capacity for inference and hypothesis testing. Addressing this challenge, a systematic framework is argued for here, building on mixed methods quantitizing and converting design principles, and feature analysis from linguistics, to transparently integrate human expertise and machine scalability. Replicability and statistical robustness are discussed, including how to incorporate machine annotator error rates in subsequent inference. The approach is discussed and demonstrated in over a dozen LLM-assisted case studies, covering nine diverse languages, multiple disciplines and tasks, including analysis of themes, stances, ideas, and genre compositions; linguistic and semantic annotation, interviews, text mining and event cause inference in noisy historical data, literary social network construction, metadata imputation, and multimodal visual cultural analytics. Using hypothesis-driven topic classification instead of “distant reading” is discussed. The replications among the experiments also illustrate how tasks previously requiring protracted team effort or complex computational pipelines can now be accomplished by an LLM-assisted scholar in a fraction of the time. Importantly, the approach is not intended to replace, but to augment and scale researcher expertise and analytic practices. With these opportunities in sight, qualitative skills and the ability to pose insightful questions have arguably never been more critical.
Advancing laser spectroscopy for lithium-6 studies
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: February 2025

Simple “no mess-no fuss” novel atomic oven setup is long-lasting and hassle-free
Invariants of the velocity gradient tensor in a hydrodynamic relativistic astrophysical jet issuing from an active galactic nuclei—the identification of local flow topology
Authors: Pal Ribhu , Roy Arnab
Published: February 2025

In this Letter, the numerical simulation of three-dimensional hydrodynamic relativistic jet propagation from an active galactic nuclei has been performed by solving relativistic hydrodynamic equations in the computer code PLUTO [A. Mignone et al., “PLUTO: A numerical code for computational astrophysics,” Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 170, 228 (2007)] using higher-order finite volume method. Furthermore, the invariants (P, Q, and R) of velocity gradient tensor (∂ui∂xj) have been analyzed using numerical simulation data in order to identify the local flow topology [M. S. Chong et al., “A general classification of three-dimensional flow fields,” Phys. Fluids A: Fluid Dyn. 2, 765–777 (1990); S. Suman and S. S. Girimaji, “Velocity gradient invariants and local flow-field topology in compressible turbulence,” J. Turbul. 11, N2 (2010); P. Thaker et al., “Invariants of the velocity gradient tensor in a spatially developing compressible round jet,” J. Fluid Mech. 971, A18 (2023)] and thereby shock–turbulence interaction. The joint probability density function (p.d.f) of Q−R obtained from numerical data depicts the presence of turbulent sheet-like structures during the propagation of this relativistic jet.
Long-term B cell memory emerges at uniform relative rates in the human immune response
Authors: Cvijović Ivana , Swift Michael , Quake Stephen R.
Published: February 2025

B cells generate pathogen-specific antibodies and play an essential role in providing adaptive protection against infection. Antibody genes are modified in evolutionary processes acting on the B cell populations within an individual. These populations proliferate, differentiate, and migrate to long-term niches in the body. However, the dynamics of these processes in the human immune system are primarily inferred from mouse studies. We addressed this gap by sequencing the antibody repertoire and transcriptomes from single B cells in four immune-rich tissues from six individuals. We find that B cells descended from the same pre-B cell (“lineages”) often colocalize within the same tissue, with the bone marrow harboring the largest excess of lineages without representation in other tissues. Within lineages, cells with different levels of somatic hypermutation are uniformly distributed among tissues and functional states. This suggests that the relative probabilities of localization and differentiation outcomes change negligibly during affinity maturation, and quantitatively agrees with a simple dynamical model of B cell differentiation. While lineages strongly colocalize, we find individual B cells nevertheless appear to make independent differentiation decisions. Proliferative antibody-secreting cells, however, deviate from these global patterns. These cells are often clonally expanded, their clones appear universally distributed among all sampled organs, and form lineages with an excess of cells of the same type. Collectively, our findings show the limits of peripheral blood monitoring of the immune repertoire, and provide a probabilistic model of the dynamics of antibody memory formation in humans.
X-ray analysis of nanowires and nanowire devices: structure, function and synthesis
Authors: Chayanun Lert , Benter Sandra , Mikkelsen Anders , Timm Rainer , Wallentin Jesper
Published: February 2025

X-ray methods can offer unique insights into the structural and electronic properties of nanomaterials. Recent years have seen a dramatic improvement in both x-ray sources and x-ray optics, providing unprecedented resolution and sensitivity. These developments are particularly useful for nanowires, which are inherently small and give weak signals. This review gives an overview of how different x-ray methods have been used to analyze nanowires, showing the different types of insight that can be gained. The methods that are discussed include x-ray diffraction, x-ray fluorescence, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron emission microscopy, as well as several others. The review is especially focused on high spatial resolution methods used at the single nanowire level, but it also covers ensemble experiments.
Role of thermal conduction in relativistic hot accretion flow around rotating black hole with shock
Authors: Singh Monu , Das Santabrata
Published: February 2025

We investigate the properties of low angular momentum, relativistic, viscous, advective accretion flows around rotating black holes that include shock waves in the presence of thermal conduction. We self-consistently solve the governing fluid equations to obtain the global transonic accretion solutions for a set of model parameters, namely energy (ℰ), angular momentum (λ), viscosity (α), conduction parameter (Φs) and cooling parameter (f
c). We observe that depending on the model parameters, accretion flow experiences centrifugally supported shock transition and the present study, for the first time, focuses on examining the shock properties, such as shock radius (r
s), compression ratio (R) and shock strength (Ψ) regulated by the dissipation parameters (Φs, f
c). We show that shock-induced global accretion solutions persist for wide range of model parameters and identify the boundary of the parameter space in energy-angular momentum plane that admits standing shocks for different dissipation parameters (Φs, f
c). Finally, we compute the critical conduction parameter (Φs
cri), beyond which shock ceases to exist. We find that Φs
cri directly depends on the black hole spin (a
k) with Φs
cri ∼ 0.029 and ∼ 0.04 for weakly (a
k → 0) and rapidly (a
k → 1) rotating black hole. Furthermore, we observe that Φs
cri decreases with increasing viscosity (α), and shocked accretion solutions continue to exist for α ≲ 0.065 (a
k → 0) and ≲ 0.104 (a
k → 1), respectively.
Tunable working bandwidth terahertz switch based on magnetic valley photonic crystal
Authors: Hou Mingxia , Fei Hongming , Lin Han , Zhang Mingda
Published: February 2025

A Terahertz (THz) switch is an essential component of a THz communication system. THz switches based on conventional waveguides and photonic crystal structures are sensitive to manufacturing defects and sharp bending, resulting in high scattering losses. In addition, THz switches with tunable working bandwidths haven’t been demonstrated. Here, we design THz switches based on the topological valley photonic crystal (VPC) structure using magnetic materials, which can achieve high forward transmittance based on the unique spin-valley locking effect. The broad working bandwidth allows selectively turning on and off at a designed wavelength region by controlling the applied magnetic field. The designed THz switch can achieve an extinction ratio of up to 31.66 dB with an insertion loss of less than 0.13 dB. The 3 dB bandwidth is up to 49 GHz. Such a tunable THz can be experimentally fabricated by current fabrication techniques and thus can find broad applications in THz communication systems.
Thermal energy confinement time of spherical tokamak plasmas in PI3
Authors: Tancetti A. , Ribeiro C. , Howard S.J. , Coop S. , McNally C.P. , Reynolds M. , Kholodov P. , Braglia F. , Zindler R. , Macdonald C. , Love E. , Carle P. , Feng X. , Rohollahi A. , Leci K. , Plant D. , Dunlea C. , Ivanov R. , Mossman A.
Published: February 2025

The Plasma Injector 3 (PI3) experiment at general fusion has been constructed to demonstrate the ability to form plasma targets suitable for compression in a Magnetized Target Fusion machine. To achieve compressive heating to fusion conditions, the target plasmas should have an energy confinement time sufficiently in excess of the compression time. In this work we present a methodology for calculating this timescale and present results for a large set of discharges. Characterization of the plasma current profiles reveals trends and groupings determined by machine settings. The largest energy confinement times have been obtained for discharges with a broad plasma current profile, fresh lithium coating on the device walls, and a near constant toroidal field. We find that PI3 plasmas at

5

ms

into the discharge can have thermal confinement times in excess of

10

ms

. These meter-scale plasma can thus achieve significant heating if compressed on a timescale of milliseconds.
Experiment and computational fluid dynamics simulation study on the effect of wind disturbance on the collection rate error of rainfall
Authors: Cai Zhao , Gu Yicheng , Liu Hongwei , Wang Wenzhong
Published: February 2025

The accuracy of rainfall data directly determined the precision of hydrological analysis. However, the rain gauges were observed above the ground, and the wind turbulence around the rain gauge mouth affected the accuracy of the observation data. To explore the mechanism of the influence of wind turbulence on the accuracy of rainfall collection and provide a correction formula for this error caused by wind disturbance, the field observation experiments and the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulations were performed to analyze the mechanism of influence of wind disturbance in rainfall observation. The experimental results showed that the rain gauge collection rate was 4.3m <0.7m <ground rain gauge (0m), and the rainfall collection rate of 0.7m height rain gauge was about 95% of that of ground rain gauge. The simulation results showed that the high gradient wind velocity distortion region (the wind velocity increases by about 19%) and the vortex raceway below the distortion region were formed in the range of about 5 cm above the rain gauge collector, which caused the uneven force on the precipitation particles in this region, thus reducing the precipitation collection rate. The rainfall correction formula based on the conventional observation elements was given, which provides a theoretical basis for the correction of wind-induced rainfall error and a reference for improving the accuracy of rainfall observation.
Global Well-Posedness and exponential decay of 3D nonhomogeneous Navier-Stokes and magnetohydrodynamic equations with density-dependent viscosity and vacuum
Authors: Tang Xiang
Published: February 2025

We establish the global well-posedness of strong solutions for the inhomogeneous magnetohydrodynamic equations with density-dependent viscosity in three-dimensional bounded domains, where the initial density is permitted to vanish. By skillfully employing various inequalities and scaling techniques, we demonstrate the existence and uniqueness of a global strong solution provided that ||σ(ρ
0)||
Lq

is suitably small. Furthermore, we derive exponential decay rates for the solution. Importantly, no compatibility conditions need to be imposed on the initial data, even when vacuum states are present.
Characterization of bearing capacity of 10 kV distribution line under ice and wind loads
Authors: Liu Yangsheng , Wang Hongfang , Cui Jiaqi , Qiu Hao , Xie Xing
Published: February 2025

It is challenging to test the displacement of distribution lines under ice-cover conditions because of the complexities involved in the measurement and environment setup and the high associated costs. In this paper, the wire type and span distance of the distribution line are determined based on the line’s operating parameters, and the suspended catenary’s initial shape is calculated. A finite element analysis model of the distribution line under ice-loading conditions is established by using simulation software. The model simulates the effects of self-weight load, ice load, wind load, and other typical forces on the bearing capacity of the distribution line. The results demonstrate that the ice thickness of ice cover, span distance, and wire type significantly influence the bearing capacity of a 10 kV distribution line. This study on the bearing capacity characteristics of the 10 kV distribution line under ice and wind load conditions provides valuable insights for the prevention of line failures and damages. Moreover, it offers a reference for the selection of distribution lines in different geographical locations and various engineering applications.
Dynamics analysis of a V-shaped microcantilever based on finite difference method
Authors: Zhang Bangzhi , Zhou Xilong , Yang Changyun
Published: February 2025

The V-shaped microcantilever is advantageous for its high sensitivity and low stiffness, making it suitable as an atomic force microscope probe for characterizing the mechanical properties of soft materials. However, due to the complex geometry and the nonlinear tip-sample interaction, the analysis of the dynamic characteristics of a V-shaped microcantilever is generally difficult. In this paper, the finite difference computational formula of the governing formula and boundary conditions of a V-shaped microcantilever is derived and the analysis of its dynamic characteristics is performed. The amplitude and phase spectroscopy curves of the V-shaped microcantilever, as well as the frequency response, are obtained. The developed finite difference computational formula provides an effective approach for dynamics analysis and the optimization design for the V-shaped microcantilever.