bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Keabsahan Penyaluran Harta Zakat dalam Bentuk al-Qardh al-Hasan: Studi atas Materi Ijtima’ Ulama Komisi Fatwa MUI 2021
Authors: Huda Bakhrul
Published: February 2023

This study aims to analysis the suitability of the evidence base used to form the provisions of the ability to distribute zakat property in al-Qardh al-Hasan by making the material ijtima 'scholars of the Fatwa Commission MUI 2021 as the object of research. The research methodology is descriptive qualitative with a literature study approach that uses content analysis in reviewing some existing data. The results of this study show that the basis of the arguments used in the MUI Ijtima' material regarding the permissibility of distributing zakat assets in al-Qardh is still general in nature and tends to be less relevant. Therefore, there are four suggestions that need to be conveyed,  namely; 1) the hadiths on the distribution of zakat assets that are pertinent to the theme of the problem description should be displayed; 2) the fiqh rules should be corrected by reviewing the benefits of distributing zakat assets in the form of al-Qardh al-Hasan; 3 the qawl (opinion) of the ulama displayed should be justified; 4) the provisions on the distribution of zakat assets in the form of Qardh should be concretely completed.
Implementasi Strategi Funneling untuk Iklan Lembaga Amil Zakat di Facebook
Authors: Isnaini Sholikul , Nashirudin Muh. , Sabiq Fairuz
Published: February 2023

Amil zakat fundraising institutions have a challenge because the law in Indonesia adheres to a voluntary system that cannot force prospective muzakki to pay zakat. On the other hand, society continues to question the high gap between the potential of zakat and the realization of its collection. It means zakat amil has to be more creative in developing marketing strategies. As an institution that operates both b-to-b and retail at once, amil zakat institutions should be able to take advantage of advertisements in online media such as Facebook. Funneling is very effective in conventional business. Unfortunately, it has not been used in many amil zakat institutions promptly. Based on data obtained, boosted posts with sponsored ads are hard selling or education about ziswaf services without collecting a database of prospective muzakki. This study is a qualitative study aimed at describing how the funneling strategy is applied to the products and services of the amil zakat. Although the ad sample was taken from Facebook, the ad flow design offered applied to other advertising media. The advertising flow was not trial as in the RND research. This design was used to strengthen the explanation regarding the application of funneling in zakat institutions. The results showed that the zakat amil must prepare a lead magnet to attract the attention of prospective muzakki to join the database management available. After prospective muzakki are in the database, zakat amil can follow up with them with various offers and education about zakat products and services and other ziswaf products.
O biografii jako przedmiocie i rezultacie badań psychospołecznych
Authors: Rzepa Teresa
Published: February 2023

Biographies are one of the earliest literary forms, bringing together informative, academic, documentary and didactic functions. For ages the most famous of them have been presenting lives of celebrated and holy men to give example and shape deserved personality traits of the whole generations of readers. The times changed but biographies still form a separate genre and carry on to popularise certain manners. Various scientific disciplines took a keen interest in them due to their specific content. By social and humanistic sciences biography studies is treated as a subdiscipline defining important and original research trends. This article presents biographies as a subject and result of academic research.
Leon Reich (1879–1929). Sylwetka przywódcy syjonistów w Galicji Wschodniej
Authors: Yasui Michihiro
Published: February 2023

The article presents a profile of Leon Reich (1979–1929), one of the leaders of Zionists movement in Polish territories. Scientific literature has not taken any deeper interest in him so far. Here he is presented against the nationality background and social and political life in Galicia in his multicultural hometown Drohobych in Eastern Europe, and as a leader of Jewish youth during his studies at the University of Lviv. As a well-educated doctor of laws he conducted his own research and attempted to define a modern nation. He was an active member and participant of world congresses of Zionist Organisation. When Poland gained independence he was in favour of granting autonomy to the Jewish population in eastern Malopolska. He attempted to revive Zionist movement in Poland and was categorically against assimilating Jews. As a member of Polish parliament (1922–1930) he headed a Jewish parliamentary group. He resigned from this function after the Polish-Jewish agreement with Wladysław Grabski’s government had failed. After Reich’s death his family moved to Jerusalem fulfilling his last will.
Multilevel urban geographic information system models for overground and underground design
Authors: Chukhraev Igor , Kozeeva Olga
Published: February 2023

The urban geographic information system includes a wide range of different types of complex data collected from various sources. Objects described vary from industrial to ecological as city itself being tied to environment also affects nature. Preventing pollution and other emergency situations caused by industrial and human activity in general is both topical and burning that is widely recognized so there is need for a comprehensive study of the possibilities to develop geographic information system in order to increase efficiency of city design. The purpose of the article is to develop urban geographic information system that provides a solution to the problem and also helps to reduce city planning costs as a system representing city on different levels and obtaining all the necessary information in one source. Urban geographic information system developed with the latest digital technologies allows to make city planning more flexible to technical, economical, social and other changes. Three-dimensional visualization is one of the up-to-date ways to expand geographic information system functionality and this paper gives information of the subject area: research on nowadays data models and data processing methods was conducted. And on this basis urban geographic information system extended data model including underground infrastructure level was offered and possible approaches to increase efficiency of data processing in it were formed. The
three-dimensional model provides a solution for complex underground and overground design with digital technologies on a basis of geographic information system that includes multilevel data organization.
Ajuste do orçamento financeiro e custo de carregamento da dívida pública no Brasil 2002-2021
Authors: BORÇA JR GILBERTO , BARBOSA-FILHO NELSON H.
Published: February 2023

RESUMO O artigo apresenta a decomposição dos juros líquidos pagos pelo governo brasileiro em 2002-2021, dividindo a despesa em quatro partes: juro real, correção monetária, custo de carregamento de ativos e resultado dos swaps cambiais. A análise também detalha o custo de carregamento em termos dos principais ativos de renda fixa do governo brasileiro (reservas internacionais e empréstimos ao BNDES), demonstrando que o ajuste financeiro de 2016-2021 reduziu o resultado primário de equilíbrio em cerca de 2,5% do PIB.
The role of the State on foreign direct investment regulation in China
Authors: CARVALHO PAULA , NOGUEIRA ISABELA
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT This article intends to corroborate the argument advocated by heterodox economists such as Akyüz, Chang and Furtado that state regulation is crucial to extracting the possible benefits of foreign direct investment (FDI). We do so by analyzing the policies used by China since its opening to this type of investment in 1979. The article innovates by scrutinizing China’s major FDI laws, regulations and guidelines that compose the formal framework under which foreign-owned enterprises have operated in the country for almost 40 years. We then address the traditional view that China developed simply because it increasingly opened its market to foreign investment and adopted a foreign investment-led growth model. We argue that it was because of this strong regulation that FDI had such a positive effect, contributing to technological transfer and trade expansion, although not defining the ratio of capital accumulation.
DEVELOPMENT OF ORTHOPEDIC SIMULATOR TO PRACTICE CLOSED REDUCTION OF PEDIATRIC FRACTURES OF THE MIDDLE THIRD OF FOREARM
Authors: SONI JAMIL , GAMBA LUIZE KREMER , BEBBER FABIANA DE SOUZA , KOZOVITS FRANCISCO
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT In the current scenario of medical education, a trend of using models and simulators to train operational skills, especially in the practice of basic orthopedic techniques, is growing. This form of teaching allows academics to maximize learning opportunities and contributes to improving the quality of care for their future patients. However, the realistic simulation has high costs as a major limitation. Objective: To develop a low-cost orthopedic simulator for practicing pediatric forearm reduction skills in the preclinical setting. Methods: A model of an arm and forearm with a fracture in the middle third was developed. Orthopedists, residents, and medical students evaluated the simulator’s ability to reproduce fracture reduction. Results: The simulator had a significantly lower cost than the others in the literature. The participants agreed that the model had a good performance, and that the manipulation was consistent with the reality of reducing closed pediatric forearm fracture. Conclusion: The results suggest that this model can be used to teach orthopedic residents and medical students the skill of closed reduction of fractures in the middle third of the forearm. Level of Evidence III, Case Control Study.
INCIDENCE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: MELLO DANILO PASSARO PIRES DE , CORBIN JYOTIS NATACHA BRITO , HOLANDA LETÍCIA SAKA , PASCARELLI LUCIANO , NISHIMURA EDUARDO MISAO , ALMEIDA THIAGO BERNARDO CARVALHO DE
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate a possible increase of adhesive capsulitis incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A total of 1,983 patients with shoulder disorders were retrospectively analyzed regarding gender, age, development of adhesive capsulitis and comorbidities (systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, depression, and anxiety) in two different periods: from March 2019 to February 2020 and from March 2020 to February 2021. Descriptive and quantitative variables were statistically analyzed. The program used for the calculations was SPSS 17.0 for Windows. Results: During the pandemic, there was a 2.41-fold increase (p < 0.001) in cases of adhesive capsulitis (compared to the previous year). Patients with depression and anxiety had a significantly increased risk by 8.8 (p < 0.001) and 14 (p < 0.001) times, respectively, of developing frozen shoulder (regarding the two periods studied). Conclusion: A significant increase in the incidence of frozen shoulder was observed after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in addition to a simultaneous increase of psychosomatic disorders. Prospective studies would help to ratify the idea contained in this research. Level of Evidence III, Observational Cross-Sectional Study.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND EVOLUTION IN MUSCULOSKELETAL TUMORS AT THE LEVEL OF THE ELBOW
Authors: MAZZOLIN VINICIUS DE ABREU , KALLUF JULIA ROCHA , OGATA FIAMA KURODA , OLIVEIRA NATHALIA SUNDIN PALMEIRA DE , GARCIA JAIRO GRECO , PETRILLI MARCELO DE TOLEDO , KORUKIAN MARCOS , VIOLA DAN CARAI MAIA
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT Objective: To present the epidemiological profile of bone and soft tissue tumors that affect the elbow region treated at an oncology referral center in Brazil. Methods: Retrospective observational case series study to evaluate the results of elbow cancer undergoing clinical and/or surgical treatment with the first visit from 1990 to 2020. The dependent variables were benign bone tumor, malignant bone tumor, benign soft tissue tumor, malignant soft tissue tumor. Independent variables were sex, age; presence of symptoms (pain/increase in local volume/fracture); diagnosis; treatment and recurrence. Results: In total, 37 patients were included, 51.35% of whom were female, with a mean age at diagnosis of 33.5 years. Soft tissue neoplasms correspond to 51% of cases against 49% of bone tumors. Among the symptoms, the general prevalence of pain was 56.75%, the general increase in local volume occurred in 54.04% of the patients and the presence of fractures in 13.43%. Surgical treatment occurred in 75.67% of cases and recurrence in 16.21% of cases. Conclusion: The tumors that affect the elbow in our series correspond mostly to benign tumors, involving bone or soft tissues, with a higher occurrence in young adult patients. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.
Internações pediátricas por condições sensíveis à atenção primária no norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil: reavaliação após 10 anos
Authors: Leão Harley Medawar , Caldeira Antônio Prates
Published: February 2023

Resumo Introdução As internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária (ICSAP) representam um importante indicador de saúde, que pode orientar sobre o acesso e a qualidade da assistência à saúde no âmbito da atenção primária. Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência e os fatores associados às ICSAP em crianças de zero a 10 anos incompletos, no norte de Minas Gerais, comparando o indicador com estudo similar realizado há dez anos. Métodos Estudo transversal com amostra aleatória de hospitalizações pediátricas selecionadas entre junho/2016 e agosto/2017. As variáveis associadas às ICSAP foram identificadas após análise múltipla, por meio da regressão de Poisson, com variância robusta. Resultados Foram analisadas 376 hospitalizações. A proporção de ICSAP foi de 29,0%, significativamente menor do que o estudo anterior, com proporção de 41,4%. As variáveis sexo masculino (RP = 0,91; IC95%:0,86-0,97), baixo peso de nascimento (PR = 0,91; IC 95%: 0,85-0,97) e escolaridade materna inferior a oito anos (RP = 0,93; IC 95%: 0,88-0,98) foram identificados como fatores protetores. Conclusão Registrou-se prevalência ainda elevada para as ICSAP, mas com importante redução em dez anos. Apenas variáveis sociodemográficas se mostraram associadas às ICSAP.
Análisis comparativo de recubrimientos duros de DLC y TiSiCN frente al desgaste y a la corrosión
Authors: Carmona Aníbal Emilio , Delfin Francisco Andrés , Maskavizan Ana Justina , Brühl Sonia Patricia
Published: February 2023

RESUMEN La vida en servicio de elementos de máquinas utilizados en la industria del gas y del petróleo puede ser extendida con el uso de recubrimientos que permiten mejorar las propiedades superficiales, como la resistencia al desgaste y a la corrosión. Los recubrimientos DLC son conocidos por su bajo coeficiente de fricción, alta resistencia al desgaste e inercia química. Las películas del tipo TiSiCN son cerámicas duras, por lo que otorgan una buena resistencia al desgaste abrasivo y erosivo. En este trabajo se analizan de forma comparativa estos dos recubrimientos cuando son depositados sobre un acero de media aleación AISI 4140. Se midió espesor y se hizo caracterización por XPS, DRX y espectroscopía Raman. Se realizaron ensayos de desgaste adhesivo tipo Pin-on-Disk y desgaste abrasivo (ASTM G65). Se evaluó la adhesión por Scrach Test. La resistencia a la corrosión se evaluó mediante cámara de niebla salina y ensayos potenciodinámicos. El DLC presentó un bajo coeficiente de fricción μ ~ 0,2, con una pérdida de volumen dos veces menor que el TiSiCN, mientras que este último presentó una resistencia al desgaste abrasivo 30 veces superior. La adhesión del TiSiCN también fue superior. El DLC mostró una mayor resistencia a la corrosión.
EFFECTS OF EXPLOSIVE STRENGTH TRAINING ON LOWER LIMBS IN TAEKWONDO ATHLETES
Authors: Zhang Dongqiang , Wang Shaoyu
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT Introduction: Taekwondo is a sport of highly competitive intensity, and the gain in physical fitness of its practitioners is a work that involves analysis of combat techniques, sports biomechanics, and theories of physical training. However, studies of current methods, such as explosive strength training, are still superficial. Objective: Study the effect of different explosive strength training protocols on the lower limbs of taekwondo athletes. Methods: 24 taekwondo athletes were randomly selected as volunteers and divided into experimental and control groups. These were subdivided to perform traditional and different strength training combinations. The experiment lasted eight weeks, with the first four weeks dedicated to strength training adaptation. Data on body shape, maximal strength, explosive strength, and fitness were collected for statistical comparison. Results: Through repeated measures analysis of variance to test lower limb explosive strength on exercise level, it can be seen that there is a significant difference between the test data before and after the approach (P<0.05), this difference was not observed in the control group (P>0.05). The mean value of all indexes in the experimental group was higher than in the control group. Conclusion: Explosive strength training and its different combinations on lower limbs can significantly improve the physical fitness of taekwondo athletes. The different combinations of strength training presented can be used as an effective resource in the lower limbs athletes’ explosive strength gain. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
INFLUENCES OF ECCENTRIC CONTRACTION TRAINING ON SOCCER PLAYER'S SPEED
Authors: Hou Kaikai , Wang Bin
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT Introduction: Strength quality can be divided into maximum strength, rapid strength, endurance, and reaction strength. Rapid strength has been a hot topic of discussion in contemporary sports industry research. Objective: Study the influences of eccentric contraction training of the lower limbs in soccer players and its repercussions on the athletes’ speed. Methods: A multifunctional centrifugal training instrument was used as a training tool through the experimental method to analyze the effect of eccentric contraction training on the rapid strength of soccer players. The athletes were divided into experimental and control groups for training. Explosive power, speed sensitivity, and dynamic index of special rapid power were tested before and after training. Results: Compared to the control group, the explosive power index, the sensitivity index, and the kinetic index showed better expressivities in the experimental group; the four jumping ability indexes, the three sensitivity indexes - except the 15s step frequency - and the eccentric training in the experimental group showed a very significant improvement (P<0.01). Conclusion: Eccentric contraction training can effectively improve muscle strength; its training effect is better than that of concentric training, especially eccentric contraction training on the lower limbs, which has an important impact on the rapid strength of soccer players. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
FITNESS TRAINING OF ATHLETES IN FREESTYLE SKIING
Authors: Gao Bin , Liu Zhenzhong , Zhou Jing , Zhang Wenzhe
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT Introduction: Physical training is essential to physical fitness in freestyle skiers. The domain of stability in the technical movements is a determinant of the competition, always constantly improving. Objective: Develop a physical training program adapted to freestyle skiing. Methods: Twelve freestyle skiers were selected as volunteers for the experiment. This paper compares athletes’ physical qualities and individual abilities before and after physical training. Through recent research, the athletes’ physical condition was comprehensively evaluated to test the effectiveness of their physical training. results: Freestyle skiers showed good anaerobic fitness. A relationship was found between the maximum number of thrusts, the degree of spin in the air, the maximum power duration, and the power decay rate (P<0.05). In the body balance test, the lower limbs showed deficiencies in anteroposterior mobility, while bipodal balance showed no significantly statistical differences (P>0.05). Conclusion: This paper systematically studies body composition, the center of gravity strength, anaerobic capacity, and balance in freestyle skiers. The results provide a good assessment of the effect of fitness training on freestyle ski athletes. These results have particular guiding significance for formulating and implementing training programs focused on the sport. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
O novo espírito do assalariamento e os dispositivos de remuneração do trabalho
Authors: Magaldi Tiago
Published: February 2023

Resumo Nesta resenha, reconstruo o argumento da autora e teço algumas considerações críticas, com foco especial nas diferenças conceituais entre a obra resenhada e a proposta de Luc Boltanski e Ève Chiapello.1
Field evaluation of the efficacy of copper nanoparticles against mites associated with orange trees
Authors: Al-Azzazy M. M. , Ghani S. B. A.
Published: February 2023

Abstract Phytophagous mites are dangerous pests, causing economic losses to the world’s crops. Nanotechnology is a promising field for pests and disease management, and enhancement of agricultural productivity. The aim of the study was to evaluation of the effectiveness of copper nanoparticles (CuNP) against all stages of eriophyid mite, the citrus rust mite, Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead) (Acari: Eriophyidae) and tetranychid mite, the citrus brown mite Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) (Acari: Tetranychidae), and Tenuipalpid mite, the false spider mite, Brevipalpus obovatus Donnadieu (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). This includes its impacts on predacious mites, Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot and Euseius scutalis (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), on orange trees under field conditions. Five different concentrations of copper nanoparticles (40, 80, 160, 240, and 320 ppm), as well as the control (well water) were examined. The obtained results indicated that the mortality rate of both phytophagous and predacious mites was associated with an increase in the concentrations of copper nanoparticles. Copper nanoparticles were significantly effective in killing P. oleivora, E. orientalis and B. obovatus with minimal effects on A. swirskii and E. scutalis. The mortality percentage was 15.24, 20.32, 46.32, 78.97 and 86.37% for P. oleivora, 6.87, 9.86, 28.91, 56.30 and 77.52% for E. orientalis and 8.38, 23.50, 48.83, 68.80 and 84.08% for B. obovatus while the mortality percentage was 0.00, 0.56, 5.83, 9.91 and 15.19% for A. swirskii and 0.44, 3.96, 6.93, 8.63 and 21.39% for E. scutalis one week after exposure to 40, 80, 160, 240 and 320 ppm of copper nanoparticles, respectively. Moreover, the results showed that copper nanoparticles caused a reduction in the percentage of eggs hatching. The percentages of larvae hatching from eggs were 96.29, 80.00, 64.13, 45.66 and 32.17% for P. oleivora, 97.38, 83.28, 69.41, 48.01 and 35.29 for E. orientalis and 96.60, 76.92, 56.38, 40.55 and 33.28% for B. obovatus one week after exposure to copper nanoparticles at 40, 80, 160, 240 and 320 ppm respectively, compared with the control (well water). According to the results, the use of copper nanoparticles significant effect on reducing the population of phytophagous mites associated with orange trees, with low detrimental effects on predatory mites.
Modeling stabilizing the of orchard managers on the shores of Lake Urmia against late spring frost
Authors: Zamzami P. , Poursaeed A. , Hoseini S. J. F.
Published: February 2023

Abstract Despite the adverse effects of late spring frost on the ecological and economic impact on agriculture, the management of these events are poorly investigated. Therefore, the grounded theory was used for extracting the livelihood stabilization model of orchardists on the shores of Lake Urmia against late spring frosts. The statistical population of this study in the qualitative part included 22 experts in the field of horticulture. In the quantitative study, they included all orchardists in the villages along with Lake Urmia, comprising 341 people, of which 236 were randomly selected. By carefully examining and linking the concepts and subcategories, the most important subcategories that were included six subcategories. The results of all calculated goodness-of-fit indexes (chi-square [P > 0.01], RMSEA = 0.000, NFI = 0.95, CFI = 0.91, and GFI = 0.92) showed the model provided an excellent fit for the data. Standardized regression coefficients showed that interfering factors had the greatest impact on the livelihood of orchardists against late spring frosts (β = 0.47). Also, the background factors (β = 0.43) and causal factors (β = 0.39) were found to affect the livelihood of the orchardists in encountering late spring frost. The results of multiple square correlations of dependent variables also indicated that about 41% of the livelihood variance of small-scale orchardists was explained by the predictor variables (i.e. causal conditions, background factors and interfering factors). The findings of this study can assist policymakers, planners and relevant managers while paying more attention to orchardists in the region, so as to support decisions in order to achieve sustainable development.
Dois casos na disputa paradigmática do trabalho de socioeducador
Authors: Oliveira Júnior Rosalvo Negreiros de , Brandão Marcílio Dantas
Published: February 2023

Resumo Inquietados com a experiência de Antônio Carlos Gomes da Costa que, no auge da ditadura militar, implementou uma inovadora ideia de atendimento educacional de adolescentes em privação de liberdade, resgatamos seu relato dessa experiência em Minas Gerais e o cotejamos ao processo de constituição recente da categoria de trabalho de socioeducadores no Ceará, para realizar uma análise comparada das dinâmicas afetivas das duas experiências. À luz da teoria afetiva de Spinoza, associada à sociologia configuracional de Norbert Elias, postulamos que na experiência mais recente abundam medo e vergonha, enquanto no caso pregresso predominam reconhecimento e aprovação em relação ao trabalho hoje denominado de socioeducador. Por fim, identificamos os polos paradigmáticos da configuração desta categoria de trabalho nas distintas épocas e constatamos que a polaridade se reproduz nas duas experiências com alternância de posição e forma nas disputas entre um paradigma autoritário e outro institucional democrático.
¿Por qué algunos estudiantes realizan movilidad internacional y otros no?
Authors: Bustos-Aguirre Magdalena Liliana
Published: February 2023

Resumen Identificar los factores personales e institucionales que contribuyen a la movilidad estudiantil universitaria es un paso importante para incentivarla. A partir del tratamiento estadístico de una encuesta realizada a estudiantes del Centro Universitario de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades de la Universidad de Guadalajara, México, este trabajo abona a los estudios previos sobre las barreras, las motivaciones y los factores que inciden en la movilidad estudiantil, tales como antecedentes personales y académicos, así como elementos de gestión institucional de los programas de movilidad. Entre los elementos examinados a la luz de las herramientas del pensamiento de Bourdieu de habitus y capital, se incluyen el dominio de idiomas, el ingreso familiar, el interés por la movilidad, el conocimiento de las opciones para el intercambio, el nivel educativo de los padres y los viajes internacionales previos, entre otros. Los resultados indican que el conocimiento de las opciones, la recomendación de profesores y tener interés en realizar una estancia internacional son los factores que más inciden en la movilidad internacional para créditos, seguidos del desempeño académico, una percepción baja de las barreras que pueden impedir la movilidad y el ingreso familiar. El trabajo finaliza presentando una simulación del impacto en las probabilidades de que un estudiante realice una estancia internacional durante sus estudios universitarios cuando se implementan tres estrategias en las instituciones de educación superior: una campaña de difusión de las oportunidades de movilidad, trabajo cercano con profesores para promover e incentivar la participación, y la existencia de apoyos económicos para realizar las estancias.
New species of Rhyacoglanis (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae) from the upper rio Tocantins basin
Authors: Shibatta Oscar Akio , Souza-Shibatta Lenice
Published: February 2023

Abstract A new species of Rhyacoglanis from the upper rio Tocantins basin is described based on morphological and molecular data. The new species differs from the congeners by its color pattern, caudal fin shape, hypural bones fusion pattern, pectoral-fin spine shape, and barcode sequence of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). In this study, two putative monophyletic groups of Rhyacoglanis are proposed based on morphology, one consisting of species with a short post-cleithral process and caudal fin with rounded lobes, Rhyacoglanis epiblepsis and R. rapppydanielae, and the other with a longer post-cleithral process and caudal fin with pointed lobes, R. annulatus, R. paranensis, R. pulcher, R. seminiger, and the new species described herein.
Dois conflitos na saúde pública na pandemia
Authors: Kottow Miguel
Published: February 2023

Resumo A pandemia de covid-19 respondeu de forma inédita à atribuição de recursos escassos e insuficientes em situações de emergência (triagem) e às dificuldades para estabelecer medidas de confinamento que oscilavam entre medidas sugestivas, persuasivas e coercitivas. Os tradicionais critérios de triagem foram substituídos por extremo utilitarismo que se baseava em critérios médicos avaliados objetivamente para privilegiar pessoas gravemente doentes com prognóstico recuperável, aplicando medidas extremas de suporte e tratamento. As medidas de confinamento obrigatórias e o chamado à vacinação não tiveram respaldo científico convincente e foram irregularmente aplicadas e assoladas por incertezas e inseguranças, afetando os mais desfavorecidos e provocando manifestações públicas e desrespeito da população. A triagem baseada no utilitarismo causou temores e conflitos entre os tomadores de decisão médica e membros de comitês ad hoc. Isso mostra a necessidade de renovar o discurso bioético individualista e elitista em prol de privilegiar o bem comum sobre os interesses individuais.
Oncogenética e Estatuto da Pessoa com Câncer: fundamentos bioético-jurídicos
Authors: Araújo Ana Thereza Meireles , Guindalini Rodrigo Santa Cruz
Published: February 2023

Resumo Este artigo visa analisar fundamentos da bioética e do direito que contribuíram para estabelecer a disciplina normativa atual do acesso aos recursos da oncogenética sob a perspectiva do Estatuto da Pessoa com Câncer. Buscou-se avaliar o estado atual da legislação que apregoa os direitos dos pacientes quanto às demandas oncológicas, tendo em vista a fundamentalidade dos direitos à vida e à saúde. A premissa central foi esclarecer a situação dos recursos relacionados à oncologia, o que inclui a medicina de precisão e a oncogenética, para, posteriormente, abordar as limitações sobre o seu acesso, no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde ou da saúde suplementar. A pesquisa tem natureza teórica, consistindo em levantamento de referências nacionais e estrangeiras, em publicações especializadas, bem como na legislação brasileira vigente.
Active methodology in continuing education to address ethics and bioethics
Authors: Pereira Márcia dos Santos , Spagnol Carla Aparecida , Guimarães Eliane Marina Palhares , Godoy Solange Cervinho Bicalho , Silva Soleane Franciele da , Silva Jéssica Gabrielle Rossi
Published: February 2023

Abstract This qualitative research, based on the discourse of the collective subject, analyzes distance education as an active methodology in the continuing education of a nursing team at a university hospital in Minas Gerais. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire and a focus group, and organized according to three central ideas that emerged in the meetings. Research participants see distance education as an active teaching methodology that enables interventions at work, provided that there is necessary infrastructure for developing the work process and implementing training in the work environment. The analysis also emphasizes the importance of nursing workers being an active subject in their teaching-learning process, using continuing health education to provide integral, ethical, and safe care to the Unified Health System users.
Mapeo de la enseñanza de la bioética en las carreras de odontología en Brasil
Authors: Colodette Renata Maria , Gomes Andréia Patrícia
Published: February 2023

Resumen Desde un estudio descriptivo, exploratorio y transversal, se evaluó la inclusión de la asignatura de la bioética en el plan de estudios de Odontología en Brasil. Se recopilaron los datos entre diciembre de 2021 y enero de 2022 en la página web de 430 instituciones, y se aplicó un análisis exploratorio para obtener estadísticos descriptivos de variables categóricas y continuas. Los resultados mostraron que 245 carreras (57%) describían la formación humanista, crítica y reflexiva, y/o señalaba la presencia de la asignatura de bioética. Además, 345 carreras (80,2%) ponían a disposición sus planes de estudio, y 139 (40,3%) de estas presentaban asignaturas con el nombre “bioética”, que eran impartidas en los dos primeros años del curso (69%). Aunque las Directrices Curriculares Nacional de la Licenciatura en Odontología preconizan la formación basada en principios éticos/bioéticos, menos de la mitad de los planes de estudio contaba con una asignatura de bioética.
Mapeando o ensino da bioética nos cursos de odontologia brasileiros
Authors: Colodette Renata Maria , Gomes Andréia Patrícia
Published: February 2023

Resumo Por meio de estudo descritivo, exploratório e transversal, objetivou-se avaliar a inserção da disciplina bioética na matriz curricular de cursos de odontologia brasileiros. Com dados coletados entre dezembro de 2021 e janeiro de 2022 nos sites das 430 instituições que divulgavam informações sobre o curso, realizou-se análise exploratória visando obter estatísticas descritivas de variáveis categóricas e contínuas. Os resultados apontaram que a descrição introdutória de 245 cursos (57%) fazia referência à formação humanista, crítica e reflexiva, e/ou enfatizava a presença de disciplina de bioética. Além disso, 345 cursos (80,2%) disponibilizavam as matrizes curriculares e em 139 (40,3%) destas havia disciplinas com a nomenclatura “bioética”, ministradas principalmente nos dois primeiros anos (69%). Conclui-se que, apesar de as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Graduação em Odontologia orientarem para uma formação com condutas pautadas nos princípios éticos/bioéticos, em menos da metade das matrizes curriculares avaliadas constava disciplina de bioética.
Comitês de monitoramento para a proteção de participantes de pesquisa
Authors: Franco Marcelo Nobile , Kaippert Beatriz , Palacios Marisa
Published: February 2023

Resumo O tema segurança tem sido intensamente discutido, mostrando-se cada vez mais relevante na saúde pública e em projetos de pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos. Participantes de estudos clínicos estão sujeitos a riscos, físicos ou não, que impactam em sua integridade, direitos ou autonomia. Este trabalho apresenta e discute a atuação do Comitê de Monitoramento de Dados e de Segurança para a proteção do participante de pesquisa e minimização de riscos em pesquisa clínica. A metodologia consiste em revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada com o propósito de identificar as funções dos comitês e seu papel na proteção dos participantes. Identificou-se que grande parte das publicações analisadas confirmam que os comitês de monitoramento têm como responsabilidade principal a proteção do participante de pesquisa, além da garantia de integridade e credibilidade da pesquisa.
Autonomía de la persona con problema relacionado al alcohol: consentimiento informado
Authors: Azevedo João Paulo Barbosa
Published: February 2023

Resumen El consentimiento informado, que garantiza comprometimiento y participación en el tratamiento, forma parte del enfoque terapéutico del manejo de la persona con problemas relacionados al consumo de alcohol. El valor ético de la autonomía y su inmanencia para el consentimiento informado tiene desafíos ético-clínicos en el caso de personas que buscan tratamiento en situación de coerción, ansiedad o depresión. Entre abril de 2018 y junio de 2019 se realizó un estudio observacional longitudinal prospectivo con 150 personas con problemas relacionados al consumo de alcohol, asistidas por un centro de tratamiento especializado. Este estudio pretendió confirmar si el consentimiento por coerción, trastorno de ansiedad o depresión influye en la participación terapéutica. La ausencia de coerción judicial y de síntomas ansiosos, así como la mayor autonomía en el consentimiento se relacionaron con la participación. Se proponen aportes para reforzar la práctica del consentimiento informado desde el reconocimiento y promoción de la autonomía.
Ética profesional en educación física: de la salida al podio
Authors: Silva Adson Pereira , Yarid Sérgio Donha
Published: February 2023

Resumen Las profesiones del área de la salud pasaron por un intenso proceso de institucionalización (creación, organización y regulación), y fue a partir de mediados del siglo XX que se formó y reguló los consejos profesionales de la mayoría de ellas. Este texto pretendió evaluar el nivel de conocimiento de los profesionales de Educación Física sobre el código de ética de la profesión a partir de un estudio transversal descriptivo, realizado con 63 profesionales de Educación Física que trabajaban en 27 gimnasios en la ciudad de Jequié, en Bahía (Brasil). No hubo asociación estadística entre conocer el Código de Ética para Profesionales de Educación Física y tener especialización. Los profesionales entrevistados tienen un conocimiento razonable del código de ética y lo consideran muy importante en su práctica profesional.
Aspectos existenciales y bioéticos en cuidados paliativos oncológicos
Authors: Langaro Fabíola , Schneider Daniela Ribeiro
Published: February 2023

Resumen La enfermedad grave lleva al sujeto a la factibilidad de la muerte, una experiencia del vivir. Se realizaron 12 entrevistas con adultos en cuidados paliativos oncológicos; y para el análisis se aplicó la perspectiva fenomenológica, con una descripción de los ejes de sentido producidos en los relatos. Se encontraron tres dimensiones de cómo las personas (re)organizan sus proyectos de ser a partir de la enfermedad y la finitud: Espiritualidad/religiosidad; ser en familia; relación con la muerte. El sentido de las trayectorias existenciales y la relación con el proyecto de ser son fundamentales para la adherencia al tratamiento y el enfrentamiento de la muerte. Resignificar la vida, la enfermedad y la muerte alivia el sufrimiento del paciente y le ayuda a dar sentido al tiempo que aún le queda. Estos interrogantes permiten reflexionar sobre la dimensión bioética en los cuidados paliativos y auxilian en la planificación de ese tipo de asistencia.
Implantación e implementación de servicios en cuidados paliativos
Authors: Kurogi Luciana Tiemi , Vieira Caroline Aparecida Leindecker Garçoa , Ramalho Rosa Maria , Silva Angelita Wisnieski da
Published: February 2023

Resumen Teniendo en cuenta que la demanda de servicios de cuidados paliativos en los hospitales generales de Brasil requiere el enfrentamiento de obstáculos y el establecimiento de estrategias para viabilizar la implementación de estos servicios en el sistema de salud, se plantea identificar el proceso de implantación y la efectividad de los servicios de cuidados paliativos en hospitales generales del país. Desde una revisión integradora de la literatura, que consistió en el análisis de cuatro artículos, se identificaron las siguientes etapas para la implantación y efectividad de los servicios de cuidados paliativos: Elaboración de protocolos, cuidado humanizado, multidisciplinariedad y educación. Además, se constataron como desafíos la falta de formación y educación en cuidados paliativos, la dificultad para llegar a consensos sobre prácticas paliativas, la comunicación, el suministro de medicamentos y el apoyo gubernamental. Es fundamental establecer políticas públicas para garantizar la implantación de los cuidados paliativos en los hospitales.
Perfil do médico que atua em cuidados paliativos no Brasil
Authors: Mendes Priscilla Biazibetti , Oliveira José Ricardo de , Pereira Alexandre de Araújo
Published: February 2023

Resumo Cuidado paliativo é um modelo assistencial multidisciplinar de atenção à saúde que busca proporcionar conforto a paciente com doença ameaçadora da vida ou com doença grave e terminal. A medicina paliativa é reconhecida no Brasil há pouco tempo, sendo fundamental que o médico que trabalha nessa uma área desenvolva seu conhecimento. Desse modo, é relevante para o aprimoramento dos modelos de formação na área e na educação médica no Brasil compreender as caraterísticas desse profissional, identificando perfil sociodemográfico, formação profissional e atividade de trabalho. Este estudo tem recorte transversal, descritivo e exploratório, apresentando abordagem quantitativa. Os resultados são fruto de pesquisa nacional, realizada por meio de questionários aplicados a médicos que atuam em cuidados paliativos no Brasil.
Limitación terapéutica para niños: una revisión sistemática sobre el final de la vida
Authors: Monteiro Daniela Trevisan , Rolim Danusa Scremin , Silva Heloisa Toledo da , Siqueira Aline Cardoso
Published: February 2023

Resumen Esta revisión sistemática tiene por objetivo identificar las dificultades que enfrentan los profesionales en el manejo clínico de los niños al final de la vida. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda de artículos científicos en las bases de datos SciELO y LILACS utilizando las palabras clave “limitación del apoyo terapéutico”, “final de la vida” y “medidas de confort”, combinadas con “niños”. Del total de 102 artículos completos encontrados, nueve cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión para la muestra del estudio. Los resultados apuntan a dificultades con relación a la toma de decisiones y a limitaciones terapéuticas de los pacientes pediátricos. Se concluye que los profesionales cuando se sienten más preparados para lidiar con cuestiones relacionadas con el proceso de muerte y morir pueden brindar una asistencia más humanizada a los pacientes y familias.
Limitação terapêutica para crianças: revisão sistemática sobre final de vida
Authors: Monteiro Daniela Trevisan , Rolim Danusa Scremin , Silva Heloisa Toledo da , Siqueira Aline Cardoso
Published: February 2023

Resumo Esta revisão sistemática visa identificar dificuldades enfrentadas por profissionais no manejo clínico de crianças em final de vida. Para tanto, realizou-se busca de artigos científicos nas bases de dados SciELO e LILACS por meio dos descritores “limitação de suporte terapêutico”, “terminalidade” e “medidas de conforto”, combinados com o descritor “crianças”. Do total de 102 trabalhos completos encontrados, nove contemplaram os critérios de inclusão para a amostra do estudo. Os resultados apontam dificuldades em relação à tomada de decisões e à limitação terapêutica de pacientes infantis. Conclui-se que, quando se sentem melhor preparados para trabalhar com questões referentes ao processo de morte e morrer, os profissionais podem prestar um cuidado mais humanizado a pacientes e familiares.
Prevención y manejo del suicidio: la perspectiva de los futuros médicos
Authors: Soeiro Ana Cristina Vidigal , Limonge Livia Gomes , Lopes Nicole Salomão , Fayal Syenne Pimentel
Published: February 2023

Resumen El suicidio ha ganado espacio en las reflexiones bioéticas al ser tema multifactorial de debate para la enseñanza y la práctica médica, sobre todo en lo que se refiere a la autonomía y la vulnerabilidad. Para tratar este tema desde el campo de la educación médica, este estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer qué piensan los estudiantes de medicina sobre el tema; para ello se aplicó un cuestionario semiestructurado a 188 académicos de ambos sexos, matriculados en una universidad pública estatal. Los hallazgos destacan la importancia de la preparación personal y académica en las intervenciones con personas en riesgo de suicidio, sin embargo, el planteamiento de este tema en la formación de los futuros médicos sigue siendo un desafío, particularmente cuando se considera la importancia de las acciones educativas y preventivas en este escenario.
Spirituality applied to medicine
Authors: Carmo Khemilly Bernardino do
Published: February 2023

Abstract Spirituality is a uniting force between different constituents of the human being and, when exercised, provides a harmonious experience and promotes balance between physical, social, and mental well-being. As such, this narrative review proposes a secular approach to how spirituality is understood by medicine, its influence on health, and how it is perceived by professionals and patients. Bibliographic search was conducted on the PubMed database, using the following descriptors: “medicine and spirituality and secularism” and “placebo effect and spirituality and medicine.” After reading the primary articles, the referenced sources were analyzed. Results show a confusion on how the term spirituality is used and a weak capacity and effectiveness with respect to the spiritual care provided by health personnel, thus ignoring the several benefits offered by such care, which is a tool for a more ethical and humane work.
Vulnerabilities highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic from a bioethics perspective
Authors: Matos Pettra Blanco Lira , Correa Russell Santiago , Branco Dimitra Castelo , Almeida Gabriel Mácola de , Silva Érica Quinaglia , Nascimento Liliane Silva do
Published: February 2023

Abstract This integrative literature review sought to identify the vulnerabilities faced by the Brazil population and which were highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Bibliographic search conducted on the SciELO, LILACS and PubMed databases from February to March 2021 identified seven articles, which were organized by title, author(s), methodology, objectives, and main findings. The analysis found the following vulnerabilities: denial of rights, lack of socioeconomic power, and violence against children and the aged. These were systemized into the categories “vulnerability by lack of power” and “vulnerability by human development cycle.” Such vulnerabilities are historically marked in Brazil and have increased during the pandemic, thus highlighting the need for a bioethics-based active intervention.
Aumento de las vulnerabilidades en la pandemia del covid-19 desde la perspectiva de la bioética
Authors: Matos Pettra Blanco Lira , Correa Russell Santiago , Branco Dimitra Castelo , Almeida Gabriel Mácola de , Silva Érica Quinaglia , Nascimento Liliane Silva do
Published: February 2023

Resumen Desde una revisión integradora de la literatura, este artículo tuvo como objetivo identificar el aumento de las vulnerabilidades de la población brasileña durante la pandemia del covid-19. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos SciELO, LILACS y PubMed, entre febrero y marzo de 2021, que dio como resultado siete artículos, que fueron organizados por: título, autor, enfoque del estudio, objetivos y principales resultados. Se encontraron las siguientes vulnerabilidades: Negación de derechos, falta de poder socioeconómico y violencia contra niños y adultos mayores. Estos datos se sistematizaron en las categorías de “vulnerabilidad por falta de poder” y “vulnerabilidad por momentos del desarrollo humano”. Se constató que estas debilidades ya estaban históricamente marcadas en la población brasileña y se acentuaron aún más en este período de la pandemia, lo que muestra la necesidad de una intervención activa desde la perspectiva de la bioética.