bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Molecular Characterization of Hyperinsulinism in Kabuki Syndrome
Authors: Rosenfeld Elizabeth , Mitteer Lauren M , Boodhansingh Kara , Sanders Victoria R , McKnight Heather , De Leon Diva D
Published: May 2024

Context

Kabuki syndrome (KS) is associated with congenital hyperinsulinism (HI).

Objective

To characterize the clinical and molecular features of HI in children with KS.

Design

Retrospective cohort study of children with KS and HI evaluated between 1998 and 2023.

Setting

The Congenital Hyperinsulinism Center of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.

Patients

Thirty-three children with KS and HI.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

HI presentation, treatment, course, and genotype.

Results

Hypoglycemia was recognized on the first day of life in 25 children (76%). Median age at HI diagnosis was 1.8 months (interquartile range [IQR], 0.6-6.1 months). Median age at KS diagnosis was 5 months (IQR, 2-14 months). Diagnosis of HI preceded KS diagnosis in 20 children (61%). Twenty-four children (73%) had a pathogenic variant in KMT2D, 5 children (15%) had a pathogenic variant in KDM6A, and 4 children (12%) had a clinical diagnosis of KS. Diazoxide trial was conducted in 25 children, 92% of whom were responsive. HI treatment was discontinued in 46% of the cohort at median age 2.8 years (IQR, 1.3-5.7 years).

Conclusion

Hypoglycemia was recognized at birth in most children with KS and HI, but HI diagnosis was often delayed. HI was effectively managed with diazoxide in most children. In contrast to prior reports, the frequency of variants in KMT2D and KDM6A were similar to their overall prevalence in individuals with KS. Children diagnosed with KS should undergo evaluation for HI, and, because KS features may not be recognized in infancy, KMT2D and KDM6A should be included in the genetic evaluation of HI.
Ideology of the Image: Wu Guanzhong's Abstract Expression, 1979–1983
Authors: Lee Jennifer Dorothy
Published: May 2024

This article examines the discourse of abstraction among Beijing intellectuals in response to the artist Wu Guanzhong's 吴冠中 (1919–2010) published essays on formal and abstract beauty from 1979 and 1980. By introducing Wu through a new critical lens that emphasizes his writings and institutional critique, the author addresses how abstraction was repurposed for early post-Mao China. Where institutional elites in Beijing regarded painterly abstraction with unease, owing to its continued associations with the bourgeois-capitalist art worlds of Paris and New York, this article shows how Wu performed an aesthetic intervention through writing, utilizing scientism and Maoist logic to filter abstraction through the still-hegemonic language of radical materialism, which allowed abstraction to take hold as a renewed term of engagement in the early post-Mao art world by 1983. This article is a shortened version of a chapter in the author's recently published book.
Pema Tseden's Balloon: Reincarnation of a Semi-transparent Envelope
Authors: Yang Yuqing
Published: May 2024

Buddhism provides the vocabulary for film auteur Pema Tseden to express a psychological dimension in his Amdo-Tibetan stories. Drawing on the Tibetan Buddhist concept of bardo, the transitional space between sleep and waking, or death and rebirth, his works encapsulate surrealist flow of consciousness of the characters as they are torn between religious principles, modern imperatives, and conscience. Specifically, Balloon exposes an Amdo woman's choice between having an abortion in compliance with China's 1990s birth control policy or enabling the prophesized rebirth of a family forebear. The film extends Pema Tseden's earlier experiment in Jinpa, which enacts an intrapsychic dialogue in a dream, by using a religiously inflected visualization of the state of mind in the threshold between death and the next life. Balloon's passionate reenactment of a luminous afterlife landscape and its reflexive and even questioning attitudes toward the concept of reincarnation create an intriguing tension. Its central imagery, the inflated condom balloon, is a “semi-transparent envelope,” to borrow British novelist Virginia Woolf's phrase, which suggests the inscrutability of the characters’ internal experiences. The balloon is also a “semi-transparent filter” of the director's ambiguous affects, encapsulating cultural intimacy and cultural contemplation within a non-dual framework.
Eccentric Exercise–Induced Muscle Damage Reduces Gross Efficiency
Authors: HORNER DANIEL , JEFFRIES OWEN , BROWNSTEIN CALLUM G.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The effect of eccentric exercise–induced muscle damage (EIMD) on cycling efficiency is unknown. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of EIMD on gross and delta efficiency and the cardiopulmonary responses to cycle ergometry.

Methods

Twenty-one recreational athletes performed cycling at 70%, 90%, and 110% of the gas exchange threshold (GET) under control conditions (Control) and 24 h following an eccentric damaging protocol (Damage). Knee extensor isometric maximal voluntary contraction, potentiated twitch (Q
tw,pot), and voluntary activation were assessed before Control and Damage. Gross and delta efficiency were assessed using indirect calorimetry, and cardiopulmonary responses were measured at each power output. Electromyography root-mean-square (EMGRMS) during cycling was also determined.

Results

Maximal voluntary contraction was 25% ± 18% lower for Damage than Control (P < 0.001). Gross efficiency was lower for Damage than Control (P < 0.001) by 0.55% ± 0.79%, 0.59% ± 0.73%, and 0.60% ± 0.87% for 70%, 90%, and 110% GET, respectively. Delta efficiency was unchanged between conditions (P = 0.513). Concurrently, cycling EMGRMS was higher for Damage than Control (P = 0.004). An intensity-dependent increase in breath frequency and V̇E/V̇CO2 was found, which were higher for Damage only at 110% GET (P ≤ 0.019).

Conclusions

Thus, gross efficiency is reduced following EIMD. The concurrently higher EMGRMS suggests that increases in muscle activation in the presence of EIMD might have contributed to reduced gross efficiency. The lack of change in delta efficiency might relate to its poor reliability hindering the ability to detect change. The findings also show that EIMD-associated hyperventilation is dependent on exercise intensity, which might relate to increases in central command with EIMD.
Imputation provides an opportunity to study filaggrin (FLG) null mutations in large population cohorts that lack bespoke genotyping
Authors: Paternoster Lavinia , Budu-Aggrey Ashley , Brown Sara J.
Published: May 2024

Background Null mutations within the filaggrin (FLG) gene are established genetic risk factors for atopic dermatitis. Studies of FLG have typically used sequencing or bespoke genotyping. Large-scale population cohorts with genome-wide imputed data offer powerful genetic analysis opportunities, but bespoke FLG genotyping is often not feasible in such studies. Therefore, we aimed to determine the quality of selected FLG null genotype data extracted from genome-wide imputed sources, focussing on UK population data. Methods We compared the allele frequencies of three FLG null mutations that could be detected by imputation (p.Arg501Ter, p.Arg2447Ter and p.Ser3247Ter; commonly referred to as R501X, R2447X and S3247X respectively) in directly genotyped and genome-wide imputed data in the ALSPAC cohort. Logistic regression analysis was used to test the association of atopic dermatitis with imputed and genotyped FLG null mutations in ALSPAC and UK Biobank to investigate the usefulness of imputed FLG data. Results The three FLG null mutations appear to be well imputed in datasets that use the Haplotype Reference Consortium (HRC) for imputation (0.3% discordance compared with directly genotyped data). However, a greater proportion of null alleles failed imputation compared to wild-type alleles. Despite the calling of FLG mutations in imputed data being imperfect, they are still strongly associated with atopic dermatitis (p-values between 7x10-10 and 5x10-75 in UK Biobank). Conclusions HRC imputed data appears to be adequate for UK population-based genetic analysis of selected FLG null mutations (p.Arg501Ter, p.Arg2447Ter and p.Ser3247Ter).
The genome sequence of the Brown Litter Worm, Bimastos eiseni (Levinsen, 1884)
Authors: Brown Keiron D. , Sherlock Emma , Crowley Liam M. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: May 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual Bimastos eiseni (the Brown Litter Worm; Annelida; None; Haplotaxida; Lumbricidae). The genome sequence is 660.5 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 17 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.34 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of the Yellow Shell moth, Camptogramma bilineatum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Boyes Douglas , Crowley Liam M. , Hutchinson Finley , Wawman Denise C. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: May 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Camptogramma bilineatum (the Yellow Shell; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Geometridae). The genome sequence is 442.7 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 30 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 17.04 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of the New Zealand flax mealybug, Trionymus diminutus (previously known as Balanococcus diminutus) (Leonardi, 1918)
Authors: Ross Laura , Watson Gillian W. ,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: May 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Trionymus diminutus (formerly Balanococcus diminutus) (New Zealand flax mealybug; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hemiptera; Pseudococcidae). The genome sequence is 313.1 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 5 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.68 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 12,939 protein coding genes.
Role of nutrition in cerebral palsy treatment – comprehensive literature review
Authors: Welian-Polus Iwona , Leśniewski Michał , Maliszewska Karolina , Oleksak Izabela , Ziółkowska Joanna , Mazur Bartosz , Gendek Karolina , Smach Mikołaj , Mazur Magdalena , Wilanowska Wiktoria
Published: May 2024

Introduction and purpose:
A collection of symptoms known as cerebral palsy first manifest in early childhood and result in profound physical impairment. Cerebral palsy is thought to affect 1 in 500 live births, or roughly 17 million people worldwide. The type of cerebral palsy determines the clinical symptoms. Movement coordination disorders, epilepsy, muscle weakness, and feeding difficulties are the most common symptoms.
The purpose of this article is to familiarize readers with the options for nutritional therapy for cerebral palsy patients.
Material and methods
The following review was based on articles from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Key search terms included cerebral palsy; nutrition; treatment; gut microbiota..
State of knowledge
Early identification of malnutrition symptoms and appropriate interventions, such as the implantation of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube in patients who are unable to swallow food, are the cornerstones of nutritional therapy for cerebral palsy patients. Dysphagia is a major problem in the population of patients with cerebral palsy, and multidisciplinary therapy is necessary for them. Patients' serum vitamin D levels are also influenced by their diet; 50% of those with cerebral palsy have a deficiency in this nutrient.
Conclusions
For people with cerebral palsy, nutrition is very important. Premature death may arise from malnutrition brought on by the disease's advancement. As a result, individuals with cerebral palsy need to receive specialized care
Effectiveness of Ceftazidime/Avibactam treatment for infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase (KPC), a 30-day mortality perspective. Comparison of results with control groups treated with other antibiotics
Authors: Paschke Patrycja , Miczek Igor , Sambura Maria , Rosołowska-Żak Sara , Pałuchowska Julia , Szymkowicz Anna
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) pose a significant clinical challenge due to increasing antibiotic resistance. This study analyzes the effectiveness of ceftazidime/avibactam treatment for KPC infections, focusing on 30-day mortality and comparing results with control groups treated with different antibiotics.
Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of six cohort studies, comparing thirty-day mortality in patients treated with ceftazidime/avibactam with control groups using other antibiotics. The studies included patients infected with KPC, and the analysis focused on therapeutic effectiveness.
Aim of the study: The aim of the study is to compare the results in terms of 30-day mortality in groups treated with ceftazidime/avibactam compared to control groups using different antibiotics.
 
Conclusions: Data analysis from various studies revealed varied 30-day mortality outcomes in groups treated with ceftazidime/avibactam compared to control groups using different antibiotics. Ceftazidime/avibactam proved to be more effective in all studies, reducing mortality rates compared to other treatment regimens. We emphasize that emerging antibiotic resistance, especially in the case of KPC, requires a comprehensive therapeutic approach. Despite promising ceftazidime/avibactam results, factors such as overall patient health and treatment delays may influence final therapy outcomes. We also highlight controversies regarding combination therapy vs. monotherapy, necessitating further research. Our work underscores the importance of monitoring the effectiveness of KPC infection treatment and exploring new therapeutic strategies. Further clinical studies are essential to develop a fuller understanding and optimal therapeutic protocols in the face of the growing antibiotic resistance problem.
Peculiarities of metabolic and autonomic-endocrine accompaniments of urate-losing/retaining kidneys
Authors: Ishchenko Volodymyr , Anchev Anatoliy , Ivanov Dmytro , Zukow Walery
Published: May 2024

Background. This publication initiates the project "Neuro-endocrine regulation of the clearance of nitrogenous metabolites". The first stage of project implementation is the clarification of peculiarities of metabolic and neuro-endocrine accompaniments of urate-losing and urate-retaining kidneys. Materials and Methods. The object of observations were patients with chronic pyelonephritis in the phase of remission (34 males aged 23-70 years and 10 females aged 33-76 years). Testing was performed twice - on admission and after 7-10 days of standard balneotherapy on Truskavets Spa. The battery of tests was created in line with concepts functional-metabolic continuum and NEI network. The content of nitrogenous metabolites and electrolytes was determined in daily urine and blood serum. In addition, indicators of the lipoprotein spectrum and lipids peroxidation, as well as the level of the main adaptation hormones, were determined in the blood. The state of the autonomic nervous system was assessed by the HRV method. Results. In 63.6% of cases, the renal clearance of uric acid was within the classical norm (±2σ), in 12.5% it was moderately reduced, but in the remaining cases it was increased, including drastically in 3 cases. The method of discriminant analysis revealed 20 parameters, according to the totality of which all 4 clusters of uric acid clearance clearly differ from each other (classification accuracy 100%). Conclusion. Constitutionally distinct types of uric acid metabolism (euricosis, urate-losing and urate-retaining kidneys) are characterized by specific constellations of metabolic and autonomic-endocrine parameters.
Turi leaf extract Ag nanoparticle liquid soap (Review of physical properties and antibacterial activity)
Authors: Amananti Wilda , Budi Riyanta Aldi
Published: May 2024

Research has been carried out on manufacturing liquid soap silver nanoparticles of Turi leaf extract. Ag nanoparticles have been used in various cosmetic and personal care products. This is because Ag nanoparticles have potential advantages such as increasing product stability, increasing absorption, and the ability to give special effects to the skin. From the physical properties test results, all soap formulas meet the standards set based on organoleptic, physical properties, pH, density, and viscosity. This research discusses the antibacterial activity of liquid soap. Formula 1 showed better antibacterial activity than formulas 2 and 3, with an inhibitory area reaching 23.84 mm. This can be explained by the fact that Formula 1 has a smaller particle size, namely 2161 nm. Formula 1 has the lowest AgNO3 concentration. The higher the concentration of AgNO3 used in the synthesis, the greater the amount of Ag+ that must be reduced, resulting in greater agglomeration and a larger size distribution of Ag nanoparticles.
Sensitivity of commercial rapid test kit to pork contamination in processed foods
Authors: Putri Riski Dwimalida , Safitra Suciana
Published: May 2024

Guaranteeing halal products has now become a necessity, especially for food products. This is intended to ensure that the food produced is not contaminated with non-halal ingredients, including pork. Pork contamination in processed meat foods such as meatballs is still often found. Various tests can be done to detect the presence of pork in processed foods. One of them is a rapid test using the LFIA method. This test is widely used because it is more efficient, economical, and easy to prepare samples. A rapid pork contamination test kit (XEMA) has been circulating in Indonesia. In the research, the sensitivity of this rapid test kit was tested on processed meat foods with various concentrations of pork and variations in the main ingredients. The color test shows that the simulated samples of beef meatballs without added pork are dark greyish white, as are the simulated samples with concentrations of 1% and 10%. Meanwhile, samples with concentrations of 20% and 40% have a paler color. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in the variation in pork concentration in meatballs with the main ingredients of chicken and fish. For smell and texture, there were no significant differences in the simulated samples, both the control and samples with varying concentrations. From testing, it is known that the test kit can detect the presence of pork up to a concentration of 10% in samples, with the main ingredients being beef, chicken, or fish. These results indicate that this rapid test kit can well detect pork contamination in processed food samples.
The use of Guthrie’s theory in a combination of stimulus and response
Authors: Sianipar Yules Orlando
Published: May 2024

Eliminating punishment can lead to a lack of focus or the emergence of bad habits that can affect the teaching and learning process. Stimulus and response should be given continuously as Guthrie suggested. The Contiguous Conditioning Theory created by Edwin Ray Guthrie (1886-1959) says the punishment given during the learning process is needed to change a person's behavior, exercises and tests or tests need to be done to get used to the stimulus that is needed. The purpose of this research are 1) to find the effects of using punishment, reward, exercise, and test (fatigue method), 2) to find The Contiguous Conditioning Theory using fatigue method in one single trial learning can be a new technique in learning English. It is experimental research. The result shows the Guthrie theory of fatigue method in one single trial learning is considered appropriate. The use of punishment and rewards gives a better stimulus. The experiment group has a better average point.
Comparing congratulatory speech in Javanese and Sundanese: influence of culture on strategies
Authors: Nofendralova Shena Fiosa , Sartini Ni Wayan
Published: May 2024

While several expressive speech acts like requesting, apologizing, and inviting had been widely studied, the speech act of congratulating has been given little attention. This study compared how Javanese and Sundanese speakers congratulate each other, which has not been studied much before. This research also looked at how age, social power, and social distance affect the way people congratulate each other. The contribution of this paper lies in providing a nuanced understanding of how cultural and social values in Javanese and Sundanese societies shape congratulatory speech acts.  The study involved 60 participants who completed a written Discourse Completion Task (DCT). A mixed-method approach combining quantitative and qualitative methods was used for analysis. The data was coded and categorized using Elwood's (2004) framework. The study identified new strategies, such as mentioning occasion and divine remarks, that were significant in relation to the dataset. Participants responded to five real-life situations by providing congratulatory expressions in their local language on a Google Form. The most frequently utilized strategy is the expression of surprise which is followed by IFID in the second position. The presence of divine remarks in the act of congratulating in this study is attributed with the highly influence of Islamic culture in Indonesia. In terms of social position, social distance, and age, both groups demonstrate a preference for employing High variety (H) when interacting with individuals with higher position or older individuals.
Neurogenic Bladder: A Rare Autonomic Sign in a Patient With Preserved Speech Variant (Zappella Variant) Rett Syndrome
Authors: Tanıdır Artan Özge , Çavdarlı Büşranur , Bayrakçı Umut Selda , Karabulut Bilge , Değerliyurt Aydan
Published: May 2024

Background: Rett syndrome is characterized by the loss of speech and purposeful hand movements, ambulation problems, and typical hand stereotypies. Preserved speech variant Rett syndrome (Zappella Variant) is a much less common form where speech is relatively preserved, from words to simple sentences. Lower urinary tract dysfunction and neurogenic bladder due to autonomic involvement have been only rarely reported in Rett syndrome. We aimed to emphasize neurogenic bladder due to autonomic dysfunction, which has very rarely been reported in the literature, in a patient with preserved speech variant Rett syndrome, a rare form of the Rett syndrome.

Case presentation: A 7-year-old female patient who had been diagnosed with severe vesicoureteral reflux and neurogenic bladder when 11 months old due to the inability to urinate was suspected of suffering from Rett syndrome after intense eye contact and the stereotypic movement of hand wringing were observed. The patient could talk with phrases and walk and had purposeful hand movements. The presence of the c.961C>T (p.Arg321Trp) mutation in the C terminal region of the MECP2 gene was demonstrated with Sanger sequencing. The patient is currently 13 years old and is receiving special education and continues to be monitored for chronic renal disease at the pediatric nephrology department.

Conclusion: The presence of hand stereotypies and intense eye pointing could indicate the Zappella variant Rett syndrome in a female patient who has developmental problems, can talk, has purposeful hand skills. Rett syndrome patients can also have lower urinary tract dysfunction although this is less common than cardiac, respiratory and gastrointestinal autonomic involvement. The development of intermittent urinary retention and vesicoureteral reflux may be associated with neurogenic bladder caused by autonomic involvement should be considered in these patients and one must be aware of the complications.
Expediente V. 40 (2024)
Authors: USCS Admin
Published: May 2024

Expediente G&R  V.40 - 2024
Diversity and Species Composition of Ants in Urban and Suburban Environments in Bejaia City (Algeria)
Authors: Laakel Nadjet , Aissat Lyes , Bounab Leila , Yahiaoui Cilia
Published: May 2024

We conducted an ant inventory in urban and suburban spaces in Bejaia city to deal with this need for more information about ant biodiversity in the Algerian urban environment. The two methods, hand collecting and pitfall traps, are carried out 24 days in three months (May, June, and July) of 2022. In the urban habitats, 2,653 ant individuals were collected, comprising ten species, six genera and three subfamilies. In the suburban habitats, 6,706 ant specimens were collected, comprising 19 species, 11 genera, and three subfamilies. The most abundant subfamilies in both urban and suburban habitats are Formicinae, followed by Myrmicinae and Dolichoderinae. The results showed that suburban habitats are more diversified (H’= 1.72) than urban habitats (H’= 1.25). The equitability values for suburban and urban habitats are moderate, with 0.58 and 0.54, respectively. The Jaccard similarity index value is 0.45, indicating an essential turnover of ant species between urban and suburban habitats. The ant community’s composition differed between sampled sites (NMDS, Stress = 0.013). The average dissimilarity (as per SIMPER) was 90.37%. Four species (T. simrothi, L. cf. grandis, P. cicatricosa, and L. myops) contributed to 70% of the differences between sites of urban and suburban habitats.
Taking charge of change: building community ownership for educational change with Indigenous communities
Authors: Jayakumar Chinmayi , Ramdas B. , Sankaran Suganya
Published: May 2024

Education is often posed as the harbinger of progress in discourses related to the development of marginalised Indigenous communities. However, since they entered the mainstream schools in the 1960s, the four Indigenous communities of Gudalur, India have experienced various forms of injustice in seeking formal education. This article draws from the work of the Vishwa Bharati Vidyodaya Trust, a community-driven organisation that has been working on matters related to the education of these four communities since 1996, and two research initiatives that captures the community’s voices on their experiences and aspirations related to education, to put forth recommendations for practice that is geared towards greater equality and justice for the children of Indigenous communities. Rooted in the belief that the active participation of the community is crucial to devising solutions that truly address in a sustainable manner the historical injustices faced by them, the article outlines various interventions at different sites of learning that builds community ownership and nurtures a meaningful continuum between the home and school environment of the children.
Experimental demonstration of positioning the cooperation terminal for underwater wireless optical communication based on visual navigation
Authors: Wei Suyang , Wang Shunxin , Li Bo , Yang Jingchuan , Sun Kelin , Han Biao , Ma Lin
Published: May 2024

Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) is a useful way to transmit a large
volume of data in ocean engineering. In application, one of the UWOC
terminals is usually carried on an underwater robot to actively adjust
its orientation and position to establish an optical link, which
requires the mobile terminal to locate the cooperation partner. At a
short communication distance, visual navigation is a preferred method
to measure the position. In this method, a camera is installed on the
mobile terminal while several light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are in the
cooperation one. In the image of the camera, by capturing the pattern
formed of LEDs light spots, the relative position and orientation
between terminals could be calculated. However, in a UWOC system,
visual navigation is interfered with by the UWOC transmitter since it
forms an additional light spot in the camera’s image. To solve this
issue, we present a UWOC-compatible visual navigation method, in which
the UWOC light spot is distinguished with the hue, saturation, and
value (HSV) color model. Then, we experimentally demonstrate the
effectiveness of the method in a pool, applying signals with different
bitrates and power on the transmitter. The results show that, while
the distance between terminals is within 350 cm and the yaw
angle is within 5°, the measured errors are within 1.77 cm and
0.92°, respectively, which is accurate enough for most UWOC
applications. The method presented in this paper is simple, pragmatic,
and useful for establishing a UWOC link.
Tunable terahertz absorber based on quasi-BIC supported by a graphene metasurface
Authors: Li Songtao , Liu Chang , Yao Hongjia , Ren Guanhua , Ren Zhi , Wang Ruoxing
Published: May 2024

In this paper, a tunable terahertz (THz) absorber operating at a quasi-bound state in the continuum (quasi-BIC) mode supported by a graphene metasurface is proposed. There are two graphene strips and a fully covered graphene layer in one unit cell. By breaking the symmetrical arrangement of graphene stripes, the symmetry-protected BIC transforms into a quasi-BIC mode. The reflective configuration results in high-Q absorption of the metadevice at the quasi-BIC mode with the equivalent impedance matching the impedance in free space. The change in the Fermi level of graphene can cause a frequency shift in the position of the absorption peak at the quasi-BIC mode. Benefiting from the high Q-value and narrow linewidth of the quasi-BIC, the frequency shift of the absorption peak can easily exceed its linewidth. At this time, the designed THz absorber can be used as a switch, and the “on” and “off” states are achieved by tuning the Fermi level of graphene. Under normal incidence, the modulation depth of the absorption type THz switch can reach up to 99% with the insertion loss only 0.062 dB. Within the range of incident angle inclination approaching 10°, the absorption type THz switch can still achieve more than 90% modulation depth and insertion loss below 0.1 dB. Due to the characteristics of large modulation depth, low insertion loss, and wide angle incidence, the designed tunable THz absorber has great application prospects in fields such as THz communication and THz wavelength division multiplexing.
Monolithically integrated four-channel laser array based on high-order surface gratings for O-band CWDM systems
Authors: Chen Ningning , Wang Hailing , Cao Peng , Sun Guangliang , Liao Ziyuan , Wang Tiancai , Zheng Wanhua
Published: May 2024

An O-band monolithically integrated four-channel laser array based on
high-order surface gratings is demonstrated. The fabricated laser
array exhibits a wide bandwidth of up to 60 nm, with threshold
currents ranging from 17 to 25 mA and slope efficiencies
between 0.22 and 0.29 W/A. At an injection current of
200 mA, all side-mode suppression ratios (SMSRs) are above
40 dB, and the output power exceeds 36 mW. The
high-order surface gratings are fabricated by standard lithography,
which avoids high-precision lithography and a complex regrowth
technique. A potentially cost-effective light source for coarse
wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) systems is provided.
Picosecond laser capture microdissection based on edge catapulting combined with dielectrophoretic force
Authors: Yang Minjun , Liu Jinxin , Huang Wenhui , Chang Jin , Yang Shuang , Shen Huali , Liu Xiaohui , Gong Hui , Luo Qingming , Yang Xiaoquan
Published: May 2024

The spatial omics information analysis of heterogeneous cells or cell populations is of great importance for biomedical research. Herein, we proposed a picosecond laser capture microdissection boosted by edge catapulting combined with dielectrophoretic force (ps-LMED) that enables fast and non-invasive acquisition of uncontaminated cells and cell populations for downstream molecular assays. The target cells were positioned under a microscope and separated by a focused picosecond pulsed laser. The system employed the plasma expansion force during cutting to lift the target and captured it under dielectrophoretic force from the charged collection cap eventually. The principle of our system has been validated by both theoretical analysis and practical experiments. The results indicated that our system can collect samples ranging from a single cell with a diameter of a few microns to large tissues with a volume of 532,500 µm3 at the moment finishing the cutting, without further operations. The cutting experiments of living cells and ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein omics analysis results of collected targets demonstrated the advantage of non-destructiveness to the samples and feasibility in omics applications.
Photonic crystal fiber based on graphene surface plasmon resonance for high-sensitivity terahertz refractive index sensing
Authors: He Jie , Wang Jianxin , Liu Wei , Lu Xili , Lv Jingwei , Yang Lin , Chu Paul K. , Liu Chao
Published: May 2024

A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with a graphene coating on the cladding is designed for refractive index (RI) detection in the range of 0.3–0.5 THz, especially for liquid bioanalytical sensing. The adjustability of the graphene chemical potential (E
f
) enables dynamic tuning of the loss spectra over a wide frequency range with a tuning sensitivity of 570 GHz/eV at the SPR frequency. According to the analysis by the finite element method (FEM), the highest wavelength sensitivity and maximum amplitude sensitivity of 4254.11 µm/RIU and 25.62RIU−1 (n
a
=1.34) are achieved in the RI range of 1.15–1.35, respectively, together with a resolution of 5.93×10−5RIU. The graphene PCF-SPR sensor boasting high-sensitivity detection in a wide RI range has broad application prospects in multiple fields.
Window size dependence of gain and bandwidth in avalanche photodiodes with multiple multiplication layers under near Geiger-mode operation
Authors: Chang Yan-Chieh , Wu Ye-Kun , Wei Chia-Chien , Chang You-Chia , Horng Tzyy-Sheng , Shi Jin-Wei
Published: May 2024

We consider avalanche photodiodes (APDs) functioning under near Geiger-mode operation for extremely weak light (single or several photons) detection, such as in LiDAR receivers. To meet such demands, APDs which simultaneously have a large active window size, moderate bandwidth (∼GHz), and high internal gain (responsivity), are highly desired. However, it is difficult to design APDs capable of meeting the afore-mentioned performance requirements due to the intrinsic limitations of the gain-bandwidth product (GBP). In this work, we demonstrate that the GBP bottleneck in the APDs can be overcome by using multiple (3) In0.52Al0.48As based multiplication (M-) layers with a thick In0.53Ga0.47As absorber (2 µm). Moreover, the characteristic invariant 3-dB bandwidth in our APDs, from low to an extremely high operation gain, becomes more pronounced with an increase of its active window diameter (40 to 200 µm). This characteristic makes it very attractive for collecting weak light in free space as is required for LIDAR receiver applications. Comparison shows that the 200 µm APD exhibits a higher 0.9 Vbr responsivity (15 vs. 7 A/W), larger maximum gain (460 vs. 110), and higher GBP (468 vs. 131 GHz) than does the 40 µm reference sample and can sustain a constant 3-dB bandwidth (1.4 GHz) over a wide range of operation gains (10 to 460). The dependence of the APD performance on the window size can be attributed to the influence of the surface states on the edge of the etched mesa. Here, we further demonstrate a backside-illuminated structure with a flip-chip bonding package which minimizes this phenomenon in small APDs ensuring high-speed performance. Compared with the top-illuminated reference samples, the flip-chip bonding packaged device shows a further enhancement of the responsivity (10.7 vs. 7 A/W), 3-dB bandwidth (4.1 vs. 3.9 GHz), and saturation current (4.25 vs. 3.6 mA). The excellent static and dynamic performance of our flip-chip APD in turn leads to an unprecedented high velocity sensitivity (5 µm/sec) and superior quality 4-D FMCW LiDAR images compared to that obtainable with p-i-n-based or top-illuminated reference devices with the same small active window size (40 µm).
Real-time channel selection in multi-mode multiplexing optical interconnection implemented by hybrid algorithm and material system
Authors: Du Te , Luo Mingyu , Ma Hansi , Jiang Xinpeng , Zhang Zhaojian , Peng Zheng , Huang Peixin , Zou Hongxin , Yang Junbo
Published: May 2024

Multi-mode multiplexing optical interconnection (MMOI) has been widely used as a new technology that can significantly expand communication bandwidth. However, the constant-on state of each channel in the existing MMOI systems leads to serious interference for receivers when extracting and processing information, necessitating introducing real-time selective-on function for each channel in MMOI systems. To achieve this goal, combining several practical requirements, we propose a real-time selective mode switch based on phase-change materials, which can individually tune the passing/blocking of different modes in the bus waveguide. We utilize our proposed particle swarm optimization algorithm with embedded neural network surrogate models (NN-in-PSO) to design this mode switch. The proposed NN-in-PSO significantly reduces the optimization cost, enabling multi-dimensional simultaneous optimization. The resulting mode switch offers several advantages, including ultra-compactness, rapid tuning, nonvolatility, and large extinction ratio. Then, we demonstrate the real-time channel selection function by integrating the mode switch into the MMOI system. Finally, we prove the fabricating robustness of the proposed mode switch, which paves the way for its large-scale application.
Simultaneous measurement of ammonia concentration and gas pressure based on fiber multi-mode and Fabry-Pérot interference
Authors: Liu Zetian , Huang Yi , Zhu Feng , He Yingying , Deng Chuanlu , Hu Chengyong , Zhang Qi , Dong Yanhua , Zhang Xiaobei , Wang Tingyun
Published: May 2024

A design of an integrated fiber optic sensor for simultaneously measuring ammonia (NH3) concentration and gas pressure is proposed, which is based on a single mode fiber (SMF)-capillary-no core fiber (NCF) single-mode fiber (SCNS) structure. The measurement process is achieved by simultaneously monitoring the wavelength drift appearing in the transmission and reflection spectrum based on multi-mode and Fabry-Pérot interference. In achieving the desired sensor response, the NCF is coated with the zinc oxide (ZnO) film serving as the sensitive material for NH3, and a gas micro-channel is created on the sidewall of the capillary for gas pressure measurement. The experimental results indicate that the sensor with structural parameters optimization presents sensitivities of −35.52 pm/ppm for NH3 concentration and 4158.57 pm/MPa for gas pressure. The proposed sensor based on SCNS structure is capable of achieving excellent stability and consistency in the presence of mutual interference induced by simultaneous measurement of dual-parameter, demonstrating significant potential in gas measurement applications.
Random access vision: an imaging method to observe arbitrary and multiple gaze directions in frame-by-frame manner
Authors: Mitobe Masumi , Kamata Ren , Oku Hiromasa , Yasutomi Keita , Kawahito Shoji
Published: May 2024

In robot vision, it is often desired to measure an area larger than the field of view of the camera, so the camera tends to be mounted on a mechanical pan/tilt platform. However, such mechanisms have a non-negligible response time compared to the frame rate of the camera. In this paper, we describe what we believe to be a new method that allows arbitrary and multiple gaze directions to be observed in a frame-by-frame manner based on a resonant mirror and a lock-in pixel image sensor. In the proposed method, while the gaze direction oscillates due to the resonance mirror, the image sensor makes an exposure of several hundreds of nanoseconds every time the gaze passes through the direction to be captured, and accumulates the captured signals. A prototype system was developed using a lock-in pixel image sensor with four image storage units called taps and a resonant mirror with a resonant frequency of 12 kHz. The system achieved both arbitrary control of the gaze direction in a frame-by-frame manner, and simultaneous capturing of four images with arbitrary gaze directions also in a frame-by-frame manner.
Spectropolarimetric properties of vortex retarders
Authors: James Ella E. , Anderson Isaac M. , Gregory Don A.
Published: May 2024

Vortex retarders are optical retarders with a uniform retardance, but with a fast axis that varies azimuthally over the area of the optic. This affects the radial and azimuthal polarization components of the incoming beam. The vortex retarders discussed here generate TEM10 and TEM20 Laguerre-Gaussian beams. While several varieties of these vortex retarders exist, designed to function at specific wavelengths, and a few studies have reported their use at those wavelengths, almost no data exists detailing their polarimetric properties outside those wavelengths. Using a Mueller matrix spectropolarimeter with dual-rotating retarders, the polarization properties of four zero-order half-wave vortex retarders have been measured across a broad wavelength range of 300–1100 nm. This data contributes to a more complete description of the spectral properties of these popular retarders.
Comparison of wavefront sensing and ablation imprinting for FEL focus diagnostics at FLASH2
Authors: Keitel Barbara , Chalupský Jaromír , Jelínek Šimon , Burian Tomáš , Dziarzhytski Siarhei , Hájková Věra , Juha Libor , Kuglerová Zuzana , Kuhlmann Marion , Mann Klaus , Ruiz-Lopez Mabel , Schäfer Bernd , Vozda Vojtěch , Wodzinski Thomas , Yurkov Mikhail V. , Plönjes Elke
Published: May 2024

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photon beam characterization techniques, Hartmann wavefront sensing and single shot ablation imprinting, were compared along the caustic of a tightly focused free-electron laser (FEL) beam at beamline FL24 of FLASH2, the Free-electron LASer in Hamburg at DESY. The transverse coherence of the EUV FEL was determined by a Young’s double pinhole experiment and used in a back-propagation algorithm which includes partial coherence to calculate the beam intensity profiles along the caustic from the wavefront measurements. A very good agreement of the profile structure and size is observed for different wavelengths between the back-propagated profiles, an indirect technique, and ablation imprints. As a result, the Hartmann wavefront sensor including its software MrBeam is a very useful, single shot pulse resolved and fast tool for non-invasive determination of focal spot size and shape and also for beam profiles along the caustic.
Extended depth-of-field wide-field fluorescence microscopy with a micro-mirror array lens system for versatile cellular examination
Authors: Jeon Suil , Lee Jungbin , Kim Kibok , Hong Seung-Mo , Oh Byung Ho , Kim Ki Hean
Published: May 2024

We present a versatile extended depth-of-field (EDOF) wide-field fluorescence microscopy using a new, to the best of our knowledge, active device, micro-mirror array lens system (MALS) for calibration-free and orientation-insensitive EDOF imaging. The MALS changed the focal plane during image acquisition, and the system could be operated in any orientation. Two EDOF imaging modes of high-speed accumulation and low-speed surface sectioning were implemented. The performance was demonstrated in non-contact imaging of conjunctival goblet cells in live mice and depth-resolved cellular examination of ex-vivo human cancer specimens. MALS-based EDOF microscopy has potential for versatile cellular examination.
Free-space laser emission from Nd:YAG elliptical microdisks
Authors: Li Huiqi , Wang Zhaocong , Lu Qingming , Wang Lei , Tan Yang , Chen Feng
Published: May 2024

The utilization of deformed microcavities, such as elliptical microdisks, has been widely acknowledged as an effective solution for achieving free-space emission in microcavity lasers. However, the deformations introduced in the microcavity structure tend to decrease the quality factor (Q factor), resulting in weakened output intensity. To address this issue, one potential approach is to employ highly efficient laser gain media that can compensate for the negative impact of the structure on the output intensity. In this study, we employed the exceptional laser crystal material Nd:YAG as the laser gain medium and successfully fabricated an elliptical microdisk laser with a major semiaxis of 15 µm and an eccentricity ratio of 0.15. By utilizing an 808 nm laser for pumping, we were able to achieve free-space laser emission with a slope efficiency of 1.7% and a remarkable maximum output power of 58 µW. This work contributes toward the advancement of the application of deformation microcavity lasers.
Heterojunction polarization enhancement and shielding for AlGaN-based solar-blind ultraviolet avalanche detectors
Authors: Wang Bingxiang , Jiang Ke , Zhang Zihui , Xie Zhiwei , Fang Tong , Wang Xianjun , Liu Kexi , Chen Yang , Liu Mingrui , Jia Yuping , Sun Xiaojuan , Li Dabing
Published: May 2024

AlGaN-based solar-blind ultraviolet avalanche detectors have huge potentials in the fields of corona discharge monitoring, biological imaging, etc. Here, we study the impact of the heterojunction polarization-related effects on the AlGaN-based solar-blind ultraviolet avalanche detectors. Our work confirms that the polarization heterojunction is beneficial to reducing avalanche bias and lifting avalanche gain by improving the electric field in the depletion region, while the polarization-induced fixed charges will lead to a redistribution of the electrons, in turn shielding the charges and weakening the electric field enhancement effect. This shielding effect will need external bias to eliminate, and that is why the polarization heterojunction cannot work at relatively low bias but has an enhancement effect at high bias. Controlling the doping level between the hetero-interface can affect the shielding effect. An unintentionally doped polarization heterojunction can effectively reduce the shielding effect, thus reducing the avalanche bias. The conclusions also hold true for the negative polarization regime. We believe our findings can provide some useful insights for the design of the AlGaN-based solar-blind ultraviolet detectors.