bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Equivalence of students' scores on timed and untimed anatomy practical examinations
Authors: Zhang Guiyun , Fenderson Bruce A. , Schmidt Richard R. , Veloski J. Jon
Published: March 2013

Untimed examinations are popular with students because there is a perception that first impressions may be incorrect, and that difficult questions require more time for reflection. In this report, we tested the hypothesis that timed anatomy practical examinations are inherently more difficult than untimed examinations. Students in the Doctor of Physical Therapy program at Thomas Jefferson University were assessed on their understanding of anatomic relationships using multiple‐choice questions. For the class of 2012 (n = 46), students were allowed to circulate freely among 40 testing stations during the 40‐minute testing session. For the class of 2013 (n = 46), students were required to move sequentially through the 40 testing stations (one minute per item). Students in both years were given three practical examinations covering the back/upper limb, lower limb, and trunk. An identical set of questions was used for both groups of students (untimed and timed examinations). Our results indicate that there is no significant difference between student performance on untimed and timed examinations (final percent scores of 87.3 and 88.9, respectively). This result also held true for students in the top and bottom 20th percentiles of the class. Moreover, time limits did not lead to errors on even the most difficult, higher‐order questions (i.e., items with P‐values < 0.70). Thus, limiting time at testing stations during an anatomy practical examination does not adversely affect student performance. Anat Sci Educ 6: 281–285. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.
Effect of PPARβ/δ Agonist on the Placentation and Embryo‐Fetal Development in Rats
Authors: Nishimura Kyohei , Nakano Nao , Chowdhury Vishwajit Sur , Kaneto Masako , Torii Mikinori , Hattori Masa‐aki , Yamauchi Nobuhiko , Kawai Motoyuki
Published: March 2013

BACKGROUND

The present study was conducted to evaluate the developmental toxicity in the endometrium and placenta due to GW501516 administration by gavage to pregnant rats.

METHODS

GW501516 was orally administered repeatedly to pregnant rats from gestation day (GD) 6 to 17 at a dose of 0, 30, and 100 mg/kg/day. In next study, GW501516 was also orally administered to pregnant rats on GD 7, 8, 9, 10, or 11 at a single dose of 275 or 350 mg/kg. In these studies, caesarean section was performed to examine the pregnancy outcome on GD21. Additionally, GW501516 was orally administered to pregnant rats on GD 10 at a single dose of 275 mg/kg. Placentae were subjected for temporal histological examinations on GD 11, 13, 15, or 17.

RESULTS

Placental malformation was induced by repeated administration of GW501516 at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day. Single oral administration of GW501516 at a dose of 275 and/or 350 mg/kg on GD 8, 9, 10, or 11 induced placental malformation, whereas GW501516 administered on GD 10 was the most effective for increasing placental malformation. Histopathologically, single oral administration of GW501516 on GD 10 induced cystic degeneration associated with cellular lysis of glycogen cells started from GD 15 in the basal zone.

CONCLUSIONS

High frequency of placental malformation was observed by the administration of GW501516. From GD 8 to 11, especially GD 10, is more sensitive period to induce the placental malformation.
Intestinal anti‐inflammatory activity of luteolin: Role of the aglycone in NF‐κB inactivation in macrophages co‐cultured with intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Nishitani Yosuke , Yamamoto Koji , Yoshida Masaru , Azuma Takeshi , Kanazawa Kazuki , Hashimoto Takashi , Mizuno Masashi
Published: March 2013

The flavonoid luteolin is reported to exert anti‐inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated whether luteolin inhibits gut inflammation, using in vivo and in vitro inflammation models. In a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis mouse model, luteolin (20 and 50 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated shortening of colon length and histological score. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that luteolin also significantly inhibited infiltration of macrophages and interferon (IFN)‐γ‐producing CD4+ T cells into the colonic mucosa. Treatment with luteolin also improved IFN‐γ mRNA expression in the colon. At the cellular level, a co‐culture consisting of intestinal epithelial Caco‐2 and macrophage RAW264.7 cells, stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, the addition of luteolin (100 μM) suppressed interleukin (IL)‐8 mRNA expression in Caco‐2 cells without epithelial monolayer disruption. Expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α protein and proinflammatory cytokines mRNA (TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β) in RAW264.7 cells were also suppressed. HPLC analysis and subsequent cellular assay revealed that aglycone of luteolin was present in the basolateral supernatant of this system at a sufficient concentration to suppress TNF‐α production and nuclear factor (NF)‐κB activation of RAW264.7 cells. These results suggest that the luteolin aglycones released from the Caco‐2 epithelium inhibits NF‐κB nuclear translocation in RAW264.7 cells, followed by reduction of TNF‐α mRNA expression, which results in downregulation of IL‐8 mRNA expression in Caco‐2 cells. The mechanism by which aglycone inhibits inflammation is important for understanding the roles of luteolin in diet. © 2013 BioFactors 39(5):522–533, 2013
The empirical link between relationship marketing tools and consumer retention in retail marketing
Authors: Bojei Jamil , Julian Craig C. , Wel Che Aniza Binti Che , Ahmed Zafar U.
Published: March 2013

This article focuses on the key relationship marketing tools of customer service, loyalty/rewards programs, brand/store community, personalization and customization, and their relationship with customer retention. The relationship between customer service, loyalty/rewards programs, customization, personalization, brand/store community and customer retention were examined via an empirical investigation of 450 loyalty/reward program members of three retail stores in Malaysia. The administration of the survey was personally administered but self‐completed. Four of the five relationship marketing tools, namely, customer service, loyalty/rewards programs, brand/store community and personalization, had a significant positive relationship with customer retention. The findings provided valuable insights into the loyalty program management practices of retail stores in a developing country context.

Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of consumer psychographics and store characteristics in influencing shopping value and store switching
Authors: Shukla Paurav , Babin Barry J.
Published: March 2013

The research examines the impact of psychographic variables and store characteristics on utilitarian and hedonic shopping value. The findings demonstrate the direct influence of deal proneness and normative interpersonal influences on personal shopping value. Moreover, the study also captures the influence of several store characteristics, such as assortment, after sales service and ambience. The significant influence of shopping value in reducing store switching is also noteworthy. This study also provides evidence relating to how retailer‐controlled variables can influence consumer‐derived shopping value. Results show how each store environment factor influences consumers' overall shopping value and thereby provide an avenue to make strategic adjustments, which in turn can generate a better consumer experience and increased value. The study builds on and extends the previous work carried out relating to antecedents of shopping value by looking at the simultaneous influence of consumer‐level factors as well as retailer‐managed factors. Moreover, the study provides further evidence regarding how shopping value can lessen the dire impact of consumer defection at retail store level.

Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct or indirect comparative ads: The moderating role of information processing modes
Authors: Kalro Arti D. , Sivakumaran Bharadhwaj , Marathe Rahul R.
Published: March 2013

Comparative advertising is widely used as a persuasion tool. Contemporary advertisers employ both direct (e.g. “Total Corn Flakes have more nutritional ingredients than Kellogg Corn Flakes”) and indirect comparative advertisements (e.g. “Total Corn Flakes have more nutritional ingredients than other corn flakes”) in their campaigns. Consumers process ads predominantly either through analytical (using reason and semantics) or imagery (using nonverbal, sensory representation of perceptual information) modes of processing. Drawing on extant research in advertising and information processing, we posit that direct comparisons are better suited for analytical processing while indirect ones are more amenable for imagery processing.

Using a 2*2 factorial design (comparison format—direct/indirect; mode of information processing—analytical/imagery), we show that direct (indirect) comparative advertisements are more effective in reducing perceived manipulative intent, enhancing attitude toward the advertisement, and increasing the perceived differences between the brands for consumers using analytical (imagery) information processing modes.

We add to the comparative advertising literature by identifying a moderator (mode of information processing) that influences the effectiveness of direct and indirect comparisons. Further, we study indirect comparisons when most extant research considers direct comparisons. Managerially, our work suggests that advertisers using comparative advertising should use direct comparisons under analytical processing conditions and use indirect comparisons under imagery processing conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coronary collateral circulation: Its relevance
Authors: Karrowni Wassef , El Accaoui Ramzi N. , Chatterjee Kanu
Published: March 2013

The interest in coronary collateral circulation (CCC) as “natural bypasses” is growing, especially in patients in whom the extent of coronary atherosclerosis is too severe to allow for conventional revascularization. The anatomic foundation of CCC has been recognized for long time. Recently, reliable methods have become available for the assessment of the adequacy of collateral flow. However, the debate regarding the importance of CCC in the different clinical settings continues. In this article, we present the recent progress in the understanding of anatomy and physiology of the CCC and focus on the studies addressing their functional significance in acute, subacute, and chronic coronary artery disease. In addition, we provide a focused update on the essential role of collateral circulation in the management of coronary chronic total occlusions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using Tomography to Characterize the Mixing of Non‐Newtonian Fluids with a Maxblend Impeller
Authors: Patel D. , Ein‐Mozaffari F. , Mehrvar M.
Published: March 2013

The flow field inside a cylindrical mixing vessel was visualized by electrical resistance tomography (ERT), a non‐intrusive measurement technique. Six tomography planes, each containing 16 sensing electrodes, measured the mixing time in the agitation of pseudoplastic fluid exhibiting yield stress. The effects of various parameters such as impeller types, impeller speed, fluid rheology, power consumption, Reynolds number, and absence of baffles on the mixing time were investigated. The Maxblend impeller was able to improve the mixing performance of non‐Newtonian fluids in a batch reactor. The mixing quality could be further enhanced by decreasing the xanthan gum concentration and using baffles in the mixing vessel.
Controlled Experimental Study on Removing Diesel Oil Spillages Using Agricultural Waste Products
Authors: Li M.‐M. , Pan H.‐C. , Huang S.‐L. , Scholz M.
Published: March 2013

Diesel oil was used as adsorbate, while corn stalk, wheat straw and sawdust were used as natural sorbents for adsorbing and absorbing pure oil and oil in water. The results showed that all three agricultural wastes absorbed diesel. The corresponding saturated sorption amounts of wheat straw, corn stalk and sawdust were 8.54 g g–1, 7.03 g g–1 and 8.2 g g–1. The optimum conditions found were: corn stalk particle size between 830 and 1700 μm, oscillation frequency of 0 r min–1, i.e., no wave movement, oil film thickness of 0.55 mm and adsorbent dosage of 0.29 g; sawdust particle size between 830 and 1700 μm, oscillation frequency of 0 r min–1, oil film thickness of 0.55 mm and adsorbent dosage of 0.25 g; wheat straw particle size between 500 and 830 μm, oscillation frequency of 0 r min–1, oil film thickness of 0.55 mm and adsorbent dosage of 0.24 g.
A Robust Palladium(II)–Porphyrin Complex as Catalyst for Visible Light Induced Oxidative CH Functionalization
Authors: To Wai‐Pong , Liu Yungen , Lau Tai‐Chu , Che Chi‐Ming
Published: March 2013

A series of palladium(II)–porphyrin complexes that display dual emissions with lifetimes up to 437 μs have been synthesized. Among the four complexes, PdF20TPP is an efficient and robust catalyst for photoinduced oxidative CH functionalization by using oxygen as terminal oxidant. α‐Functionalized tertiary amines were obtained in good to excellent yields by light irradiation (λ>400 nm) of a mixture of PdF20TPP, tertiary amine, and nucleophile (cyanide, nitromethane, dimethyl malonate, diethyl phosphite, and acetone) under aerobic conditions. Four examples of intramolecular cyclized amine compounds could be similarly prepared. Comparison of the UV‐visible absorption spectra before and after the photochemical reaction revealed that PdF20TPP was highly robust (>95 % recovery). The practical application of PdF20TPP has been revealed by the photochemical reactions performed by using a low catalyst loading (0.01 mol %) and on a 10 mmol scale. The PdF20TPP catalyst could sensitize photoinduced oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides in excellent yields. Mechanistic studies revealed that the photocatalysis proceeded by singlet‐oxygen oxidation.
Aggregation‐Induced Emission of Tetraphenylethene–Hexaphenylbenzene Adducts: Effects of Twisting Amplitude and Steric Hindrance on Light Emission of Nonplanar Fluorogens
Authors: Hu Rongrong , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Liu Yi , Zhang Xiaoa , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: March 2013

A series of nonplanar tetraphenylethene (TPE)–hexaphenylbenzene (HPB) adducts was designed and synthesized by Diels–Alder reaction of the acetylene precursors and tetraphenylcyclopentadienone. All of the adducts showed aggregation‐induced emission features. The twisting amplitude and steric hindrance of the TPE and HPB units were found to play a crucial role in their fluorescence behaviors in the aggregated state.
Copper‐Catalyzed Extended Pummerer Reactions of Ketene Dithioacetal Monoxides with Alkynyl Sulfides and Ynamides with an Accompanying Oxygen Rearrangement
Authors: Murakami Kei , Imoto Junichi , Matsubara Hiroshi , Yoshida Suguru , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro
Published: March 2013

The first examples of metal‐catalyzed extended Pummerer reactions through the activation of sulfoxides are described. The copper‐catalyzed reactions of ketene dithioacetal monoxides with alkynyl sulfides and ynamides provided a wide variety of γ,γ‐disulfanyl‐β,γ‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds with an accompanying oxygen rearrangement. The products can be easily converted into 1,4‐dicarbonyl compounds and substituted heteroaromatics. DFT calculations and mechanistic experiments revealed a new interesting stepwise addition/oxygen rearrangement mechanism.
A Fully Integrated Continuous‐Flow System for Asymmetric Catalysis: Enantioselective Hydrogenation with Supported Ionic Liquid Phase Catalysts Using Supercritical CO2 as the Mobile Phase
Authors: Hintermair Ulrich , Franciò Giancarlo , Leitner Walter
Published: March 2013

A continuous‐flow process based on a chiral transition‐metal complex in a supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as the mobile phase is presented for asymmetric catalytic transformations of low‐volatility organic substrates at mild reaction temperatures. Enantioselectivity of >99 % ee and quantitative conversion were achieved in the hydrogenation of dimethylitaconate for up to 30 h, reaching turnover numbers beyond 100 000 for the chiral QUINAPHOS–rhodium complex. By using an automated high‐pressure continuous‐flow setup, the product was isolated in analytically pure form without the use of any organic co‐solvent and with no detectable catalyst leaching. Phase‐behaviour studies and high‐pressure NMR spectroscopy assisted the localisation of optimum process parameters by quantification of substrate partitioning between the IL and scCO2. Fundamental insight into the molecular interactions of the metal complex, ionic liquid and the surface of the support in working SILP catalyst materials was gained by means of systematic variations, spectroscopic studies and labelling experiments. In concert, the obtained results provided a rationale for avoiding progressive long‐term deactivation. The optimised system reached stable selectivities and productivities that correspond to 0.7 kg L−1 h−1 space–time yield and at least 100 kg product per gram of rhodium, thus making such processes attractive for larger‐scale application.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Graphene‐like WS2
Authors: Fang Xiangpeng , Hua Chunxiu , Wu Chengren , Wang Xuefeng , Shen Lanyao , Kong Qingyu , Wang Jiazhao , Hu Yongsheng , Wang Zhaoxiang , Chen Liquan
Published: March 2013

Graphene‐like and platelike WS2 were obtained by solid‐state reactions. High‐resolution (HR) TEM, BET, and Raman scattering studies show that the graphene‐like WS2 is a few‐layer‐structured material. It exhibits better electrochemical performances than the platelike WS2. Structural characterization indicates that metallic W and Li2S are the end products of discharge (0.01 V versus Li+/Li), whereas metallic W and S are the recharge (3.00 V) products. In addition, X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) characterization shows that the d electrons of W deviate towards the Li (or S) atom during the discharge/charge process, thus forming a weak bond between W and Li2S (or S).
The Biginelli Reaction with an Imidazolium–Tagged Recyclable Iron Catalyst: Kinetics, Mechanism, and Antitumoral Activity
Authors: Ramos Luciana M. , Guido Bruna C. , Nobrega Catharine C. , Corrêa José R. , Silva Rafael G. , de Oliveira Heibbe C. B. , Gomes Alexandre F. , Gozzo Fábio C. , Neto Brenno A. D.
Published: March 2013

The present work describes the synthesis, characterization, and application of a new ion‐tagged iron catalyst. The catalyst was employed in the Biginelli reaction with impressive performance. High yields have been achieved when the reaction was carried out in imidazolium‐based ionic liquids (BMI⋅PF6, BMI⋅NTf2, and BMI⋅BF4), thus showing that the ionic‐liquid effects play a role in the reaction. Moreover, the ion‐tagged catalyst could be recovered and reused up to eight times without any noticeable loss in activity. Mechanistic studies performed by using high‐resolution electrospray‐ionization quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass (HR‐EI‐QTOF) spectrometry and kinetic experiments indicate only one reaction pathway and rule out the other two possibilities under the development conditions. The theoretical calculations are in accordance with the proposed mechanism of action of the iron catalyst. Finally, the 37 dihydropyrimidinone derivatives, products of the Biginelli reaction, had their cytotoxicity evaluated in assays against MCF‐7 cancer cell linages with encouraging results of some derivatives, which were virtually non‐toxic against healthy cell linages (fibroblasts).
ChemInform Abstract: LaSr3F5(CN2)2. A Prototype Structure for Mixed‐Valent Eu4F5(CN2)2.
Authors: Unverfehrt Leonid , Stroebele Markus , Meyer H.‐Juergen
Published: March 2013

The new title compound is prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of LaF3, SrF2, and Li2CN2, or from mixtures of LaF3 and SrCN2 (Cu ampule, 650 °C, 2 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Silicides with the Highest Lithium Content: Li7CuSi2 Containing the 16‐Electron Group [CuSi2]7‐ and Li7.3CuSi3 with Heterographene Nets 2∞[CuSi]3.3‐.
Authors: Slabon Adam , Budnyk Serhiy , Cuervo‐Reyes Eduardo , Woerle Michael , Mensing Christian , Nesper Reinhard
Published: March 2013

The new compounds Li7CuSi2 (I) and Li7.3CuSi3 (II) are synthesized from the elements (Nb ampule, 600 °C, 7 d) and characterized by XRD, magnetic measurements, and band structure calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Trimethylaluminum—Triflimide Complexes for the Catalysis of Highly Hindered Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Jung Michael E. , Guzaev Mikhail
Published: March 2013

Both Me‐Al(NTf2)2 and Me2Al‐NTf2 are found to be highly efficient for the process.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Cleavage of α‐Aryl Aldehydes Using Iodosylbenzene.
Authors: Havare Nizam , Plattner Dietmar A.
Published: March 2013

Combinations of iodosylbenzene and fluoroboric acid derivatives are used to cleave the α‐aryl aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu/AlO(OH)‐Catalyzed Formation of β‐Enamino Ketones/Esters under Solvent, Ligand and Base Free Conditions — Experimental and Computational Studies.
Authors: Babu S. Ganesh , Thomas Brijith , Nijamudheen A. , Datta Ayan , Karvembu R.
Published: March 2013

Aromatic, cyclic and aliphatic amines can be treated with symmetric and asymmetric diketones and ketoesters to produce β‐ketoenamines in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Iodine(III)‐Promoted Direct Intermolecular C—H Amination Reactions of Acetylenes.
Authors: Souto Jose A. , Becker Peter , Iglesias Alvaro , Muniz Kilian
Published: March 2013

A single‐step amination of terminal aryl‐substituted alkynes with the hypervalent iodine reagent (Ia) and its analogues (Ib) and (Ic) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of Chloroacetates to Afford Malonates: Controlling the Selectivity of the Product in a Buffer.
Authors: Hu Jianglin , Zhang Qi , Guan Zhenhong , Gu Yanlong , Mo Wanling , Li Tao , Li Guangxing
Published: March 2013

An efficient method A) is presented for the carbonylation of chloroacetates (I) in the presence of various alcohols to give malonates.
ChemInform Abstract: Eco‐Friendly, Industrial Process for Synthesis of (S)‐3‐(Aminomethyl)‐5‐methylhexanoic Acid [Pregabalin].
Authors: Roy Bhairab Nath , Singh Girij Pal , Lathi Piyush Suresh , Agrawal Manoj Kunjabihari , Mitra Rangan , Pise Vijay Sadashiv
Published: March 2013

Four different routes towards the anticonvulsant compound (III) are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Intermolecular C‐Alkylation of 1,2‐Diketones with Simple Olefins: A Recyclable Directing Group Strategy.
Authors: Wang Zhiqian , Reinus Brandon J. , Dong Guangbin
Published: March 2013

Rhodium‐catalyzed α‐alkylations of cyclic 1,2‐diketones via reaction of 2‐pyridyl‐ substituted enamides are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Oxy Amides via Umpolung Amide Synthesis.
Authors: Leighty Matthew W. , Shen Bo , Johnston Jeffrey N.
Published: March 2013

A novel three‐step sequence is developed which involves enantioselective Henry addition, protection, and an umpolung amide synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Heterocyclic Sulfamoyl‐phenyl‐carboximidamides Derived from Clinically Applied Sulfonamides.
Authors: Gobis Katarzyna , Foks Henryk , Wisniewska Katarzyna , Dabrowska‐Szponar Maria , Augustynowicz‐Kopec Ewa , Napiorkowska Agnieszka
Published: March 2013

Clinically applied sulfonamides are modified via condensation with heterocyclic nitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Rhenium‐Catalyzed Deoxygenation of Sulfoxides Without Adding Any Reducing Agent.
Authors: Sousa Sara C. A. , Bernardo Joana R. , Romao Carlos C. , Fernandes Ana C.
Published: March 2013

The novel method is highly efficient for aromatic and aliphatic sulfoxide substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: (N,N‐Diisopropylcarbamoyloxy)‐methyl p‐Tolyl Sulfone: Preparation and Application for the Syntheses of 1,2‐Diols.
Authors: Ma Lu , Zhao Dongmei , Chen Lin , Wang Xin , Chen Yue‐Lei , Shen Jingkang
Published: March 2013

A convenient two‐step approach to the title sulfone (V) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Cleavage of the C(sp2)—C(sp3) Bond of Secondary Benzyl Alcohols: Rhodium Catalysis Directed by N‐Containing Groups.
Authors: Chen Kang , Li Hu , Lei Zhi‐Quan , Li Yang , Ye Wen‐He , Zhang Li‐Sheng , Sun Jian , Shi Zhang‐Jie
Published: March 2013

Optimized conditions including a Rh‐catalyst and hydrogen as the reducing agent allow the reductive cleavage of bisaryl methanols bearing pyrazolyl or pyrimidyl directing groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Kumada Reaction of Tosylalkanes with Grignard Reagents to Produce Alkenes and Modified Arylketones.
Authors: Wu Ji‐Cheng , Gong Lu‐Bing , Xia Yuanzhi , Song Ren‐Jie , Xie Ye‐Xiang , Li Jin‐Heng
Published: March 2013

Tosylalkanes and tosylethanones are used for the couplings to produce the desired target compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Diethylaluminum Iodide Promoted Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reaction of D‐Glucose‐Derived Densely O‐Functionalized Cyclopentenone: Route to α‐C‐Branched Densely Functionalized Cyclic Enones.
Authors: Ghosal Partha , Ajay Sama , Bajpai Vikas , Kumar Brijesh , Shaw Arun K.
Published: March 2013

First time, Morita—Baylis—Hillman reaction of cyclopentenone (I) proceeds smoothly with different aldehydes in the presence of diethylaluminum iodide providing the corresponding adducts as diastereoisomeric mixtures.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Arylation/Alkylation/Magnesiation of Benzyl Alcohols in the Presence of Grignard Reagents via Ni‐, Fe‐, or Co‐Catalyzed sp3 C—O Bond Activation.
Authors: Yu Da‐Gang , Wang Xin , Zhu Ru‐Yi , Luo Shuang , Zhang Xiao‐Bo , Wang Bi‐Qin , Wang Lei , Shi Zhang‐Jie
Published: March 2013

A broad spectrum of transformations is investigated in the presence of the different catalytic systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Room‐Temperature Hydrodehalogenation of Halogenated Heteropentalenes with One or Two Heteroatoms.
Authors: Chelucci Giorgio , Baldino Salvatore , Ruiu Andrea
Published: March 2013

The mixture NaBH4/TMEDA promotes the Pd‐catalyzed hydrodehalogenation of brominated and chlorinated heteropentalenes under conditions A)‐C).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Organocatalyzed Cascade Reactions to Highly Functionalized Spirotetracyclic Indolenines and Oxindoles.
Authors: Wu Xiaoyu , Liu Qin , Fang Huihui , Chen Jie , Cao Weiguo , Zhao Gang
Published: March 2013

Both aromatic and aliphatic α,β—unsaturated aldehydes can be utilized in this operationally simple protocol for preparation of spiroindoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Aromatic Spiroketal Bisphosphine Ligands: Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Amination of Racemic Morita—Baylis—Hillman Adducts.
Authors: Wang Xiaoming , Meng Fanye , Wang Yan , Han Zhaobin , Chen Yong‐Jun , Liu Li , Wang Zheng , Ding Kuiling
Published: March 2013

A new highly efficient ligand is successfully applied to the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Indirect C—H Azidation of Heterocycles via Copper‐Catalyzed Regioselective Fragmentation of Unsymmetrical λ3‐Iodanes.
Authors: Lubriks Dmitrijs , Sokolovs Igors , Suna Edgars
Published: March 2013

A convenient approach to the synthesis of heteroaryl‐substituted azides via C—H activation is followed by direct 1,3‐dipolar Cu‐catalyzed cycloaddition with terminal alkynes or by direct Cu‐catalyzed reductive fragmentation to amino compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: An Approach to Pyrazoline‐Fused Chlorins by Dipolar [3 + 2]‐Cycloaddition of Iminonitriles to meso‐Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin: Synthesis of New PDT Photosensitizers.
Authors: Wyrebek Przemyslaw , Ostrowski Stanislaw
Published: March 2013

Porphyrins of type (III) undergo [3 + 2]‐cycloaddition with iminonitriles affords adducts (IV) together with addition products of type (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Functionalized Spiro[indoline‐3,5′‐pyrroline]‐2,2′‐diones via Three‐Component Reactions of Arylamines, Acetylenedicarboxylates, and Isatins.
Authors: Han Ying , Wu Qun , Sun Jing , Yan Chao‐Guo
Published: March 2013

Depending on the molar ratios of the reactants, 3′‐hydroxy or 3′‐arylamino derivatives of the biologically important spiro systems are available.
ChemInform Abstract: Electroreductive Intermolecular Coupling of Phthalimides with Aldehydes: Application to the Synthesis of Alkylideneisoindolin‐1‐ones.
Authors: Kise Naoki , Isemoto Shinsaku , Sakurai Toshihiko
Published: March 2013

The three‐step approach is based on the electroreductive coupling of phthalimides with aldehydes followed by selective reduction of the resulting diols and dehydration.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Route to Coumarin Derivatives under Dual Catalysis, an Organo‐ and a Lewis Acid Catalyst.
Authors: Maiti Gourhari , Karmakar Rajiv , Kayal Utpal , Bhattacharya Rudraksha Nath
Published: March 2013

A novel simple method is developed for the synthesis of coumarin derivatives (III) from salicylaldehydes and diesters such as (II) in the presence of FeCl3 and piperidine.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C—H Bond Activation Along with “Rollover” for the Synthesis of 4‐Azafluorenes.
Authors: Shibata Takanori , Takayasu Satoshi , Yuzawa Shun , Otani Takashi
Published: March 2013

The method is highly efficient for the preparation of various functionalized derivatives of the tricyclic N‐heterocycle.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tetrahydropyridazines by a Metal—Carbene‐Directed Enantioselective Vinylogous N—H Insertion/Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Diastereoselective Mannich Addition.
Authors: Xu Xinfang , Zavalij Peter Y. , Doyle Michael P.
Published: March 2013

The synthesis of the heterocyclic skeleton proceeds with good to excellent stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrimidopyrimidinediones in a Deep Eutectic Reaction Mixture.
Authors: Gore Sangram , Baskaran Sundarababu , Koenig Burkhard
Published: March 2013

A novel and general synthesis of title compounds is developed employing a low melting L‐(+)‐tartaric acid—N,N‐dimethylurea mixture as reaction medium.
ChemInform Abstract: Polystyrene‐Supported AlCl3 as a Highly Active and Reusable Heterogeneous Lewis Acid Catalyst for the One‐Pot Synthesis of Quinoxalines.
Authors: Rahmatpour Ali
Published: March 2013

The optimized conditions allow the preparation of the parent system (Va) and various functionalized derivatives for organic and drug synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: An Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Trioxane Anticancer Agents via Desymmetrization of Peroxyquinols Through a Broensted Acid Catalysis Cascade.
Authors: Rubush David M. , Morges Michelle A. , Rose Barbara J. , Thamm Douglas H. , Rovis Tomislav
Published: March 2013

Trioxanes (IIIb), (IIIi), and (IV) show promising activity toward bone and lung cell cancer lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Sulfones by Ir‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation: A Facile Approach to the Preparation of Chiral Allylic and Homoallylic Compounds.
Authors: Zhou Taigang , Peters Byron , Maldonado Matias F. , Govender Thavendran , Andersson Pher G.
Published: March 2013

The highly efficient hydrogenation of various unsaturated cyclic and acyclic sulfones in the presence of IRC coupled with Ramberg—Baecklund rearrangement offers a novel access to the target compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Transition Metal Free Synthesis of Dibenzo[b,f]oxepins from 2‐Halobenzaldehydes.
Authors: Choi Young Lok , Lim Hye Sun , Lim Hwan Jung , Heo Jung‐Nyoung
Published: March 2013

The method allows the preparation of the synthetically and pharmacologically important heterocyclic scaffold.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Improved Regio‐ and Stereoselective O‐Glycosylation of D‐Glucal‐Derived β‐ and α‐Vinyl Oxiranes.
Authors: Reddy Y. Suman , Lahiri Rima , Vankar Yashwant D.
Published: March 2013

The vinyl oxiranes are generated in situ by treatment of glucal‐derived hydroxy mesylates (I) or (IV) with tBuOK.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Diversity of Yttrium(III) Halide Complexes
Authors: Ilyukhin A. B. , Petrosyants S. P.
Published: March 2013

Review: [139 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Activity of Unsupported Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Mikami Yusuke , Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi , Alvaro Mercedes , Garcia Hermenegildo
Published: March 2013

Review: 105 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Industrial Catalysts for Sustainable Chlorine Production
Authors: Mondelli Cecilia , Amrute Amol P. , Moser Maximilian , Schmidt Timm , Perez‐Ramirez Javier
Published: March 2013

Review: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal—Ligand Multiple Bonds as Frustrated Lewis Pairs for C—H Functionalization
Authors: Whited Matthew T.
Published: March 2013

Review: 91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances of Fluorous Chemistry in Material Sciences
Authors: Vincent Jean‐Marc
Published: March 2013

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Compounds of Selenium and Tellurium with Nitrogen Bonds
Authors: Klapoetke Thomas M. , Krumm Burkhard , Moll Richard
Published: March 2013

Review: 126 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Vinylic Tellurides
Authors: Zeni Gilson , Menezes Paulo Henrique
Published: March 2013

Review: 279 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Basis of Chiral Recognition
Authors: Jozwiak Krzysztof
Published: March 2013

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: First‐principles Prediction of Acidities in the Gas and Solution Phase
Authors: Ho Junming , Coote Michelle L.
Published: March 2013

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanism of the Catalytic Conversion of Methanol to Hydrocarbons
Authors: Ilias Samia , Bhan Aditya
Published: March 2013

Review: 125 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The CH/π Hydrogen Bond: Implication in Crystal Engineering
Authors: Nishio Motohiro , Umezawa Yoji , Suezawa Hiroko , Tsuboyama Sei
Published: March 2013

Review: 331 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneities of Individual Catalyst Particles in Space and Time as Monitored by Spectroscopy
Authors: Buurmans Inge L. C. , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: March 2013

Review: 114 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Quantum Discord in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Systems at Room Temperature
Authors: Maziero J. , Auccaise R. , Celeri L. C. , Soares‐Pinto D. O. , deAzevedo E. R. , Bonagamba T. J. , Sarthour R. S. , Oliveira I. S. , Serra R. M.
Published: March 2013

Review: 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mass Spectrometry and Gas‐Phase Ion Chemistry of Organomanganese Complexes
Authors: Palii Sergiu P. , Zagorevskii Dmitri V.
Published: March 2013

Review: 783 refs.
Chiroptical Properties of Bilirubin‐Serum Albumin Binding Sites
Authors: Goncharova Iryna , Orlov Sergey , Urbanová Marie
Published: March 2013

Although the interactions between bilirubin and serum albumin are among the most studied serum albumin‐ligand interactions, the binding‐site location and the participation of bilirubin‐serum albumin complexes in pathological and physiological processes are under debate. In this article, we have benefited from the chiral structure of bilirubin and used CD spectroscopy to characterize the structure of bilirubin bound to human and bovine serum albumins. We determined that in a phosphate buffer at pH 7.8 there are three binding sites in both human and bovine serum albumins. While the primary binding sites in human and bovine serum albumins bind bilirubin with P‐ and M‐helical conformations, respectively, the secondary binding sites in both albumins bind bilirubin in the P‐helical conformation. We have shown that the bonding of bilirubin to the serum albumin matrix is a more favorable process than the self‐association of bilirubin under the studied conditions, with a maximum of three bound bilirubins per serum albumin molecule. Although bilirubin bound to the primary binding site has attracted the most attention, the presented results have documented the impact of the secondary binding sites which are relevant in the displacement reactions between BR and drugs and in the phenomena where bilirubin plays antioxidant, antimutagenic, and anti‐inflammatory roles. Chirality 00:000000, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heat‐Integrated Exhaust Purification for Natural Gas Engines
Authors: Rink Matthias , Eigenberger Gerhart , Nieken Ulrich
Published: March 2013

Vehicles running on compressed natural gas (CNG) are a promising option to significantly decrease automotive CO2 emissions. However, considerable amounts of methane are emitted by the exhaust of CNG powered engines which are difficult to convert by standard catalytic converters. Yet, by combining the catalyst with an efficient heat exchanger, the temperature level of the catalyst can be raised for enhanced conversion performance. Experimental results of stationary tests performed with a heat‐integrated laboratory‐scale system are shown. A special cold start strategy required for fast system heating is presented based on a detailed transient simulation study and a new system layout is described.
Multiscale Approaches for Modeling Hydrocarbon Conversion Reactions in Zeolites
Authors: Hansen Niels , Keil Frerich J.
Published: March 2013

Methodological advances in quantum chemistry and classical molecular simulation combined with the ever increasing speed of computers allow for approaching chemical accuracy in the prediction of thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of zeolite catalyzed hydrocarbon reactions. In this account, progress in the area of multiscale modeling is illustrated by two examples taken from the authors' recent work and needs for further developments are identified.
Poly(Propylene Carbonate) from Carbon Dioxide: Challenges for Large‐Scale Application
Authors: Korashvili Revaz , Nörnberg Benjamin , Bornholdt Nick , Borchardt Endres , Luinstra Gerrit A.
Published: March 2013

Der Stand der Technik bei der Herstellung von Poly(propylencarbonat) ausgehend von Propylenoxid und Kohlenstoffdioxid wird vorgestellt. Thermodynamisch betrachtet ist Poly(propylencarbonat) ein kinetisches Produkt mit einer hohen Bildungsenthalpie. Nach jahrzehntelangen Entwicklungen sind einige vielversprechende Katalysatoren gefunden worden, die eine kostengünstige Herstellung ermöglichen könnten. Ein kontinuierliches Verfahren wurde kürzlich patentiert. Die verbleibenden Herausforderungen für eine großtechnische Umsetzung bestehen darin, ein einfaches Verfahren zu finden und die Materialeigenschaften für bestehende Anwendungen maßzuschneidern.
Localization and divergent profiles of estrogen receptors and aromatase in the vocal and auditory networks of a fish with alternative mating tactics
Authors: Fergus Daniel J. , Bass Andrew H.
Published: March 2013

Estrogens play a salient role in the development and maintenance of both male and female nervous systems and behaviors. The plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus), a teleost fish, has two male reproductive morphs that follow alternative mating tactics and diverge in multiple somatic, hormonal, and neural traits, including the central control of morph‐specific vocal behaviors. After we identified duplicate estrogen receptors (ERβ1 and ERβ2) in midshipman, we developed antibodies to localize protein expression in the central vocal–acoustic networks and saccule, the auditory division of the inner ear. As in other teleost species, ERβ1 and ERβ2 were robustly expressed in the telencephalon and hypothalamus in vocal–acoustic and other brain regions shown previously to exhibit strong expression of ERα and aromatase (estrogen synthetase, CYP19) in midshipman. Like aromatase, ERβ1 label colocalized with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in telencephalic radial glial cells. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed similar patterns of transcript abundance across reproductive morphs for ERβ1, ERβ2, ERα, and aromatase in the forebrain and saccule. In contrast, transcript abundance for ERs and aromatase varied significantly between morphs in and around the sexually polymorphic vocal motor nucleus (VMN). Together, the results suggest that VMN is the major estrogen target within the estrogen‐sensitive hindbrain vocal network that directly determines the duration, frequency, and amplitude of morph‐specific vocalizations. Comparable regional differences in steroid receptor abundances likely regulate morph‐specific behaviors in males and females of other species exhibiting alternative reproductive tactics. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:2850–2869, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Planting parallel program simulation on the cloud
Authors: Cuomo Antonio , Rak Massimiliano , Villano Umberto
Published: March 2013

The writing of efficient parallel code has always been a tedious and time‐consuming process. However, the performance prediction prototype tools devised in the last decade come of age now, thanks to the availability of the almost unlimited computing power of clouds. This paper presents the practical use of mJADES, a novel environment for running multiple concurrent simulations in the cloud, to predict the performance of parallel code in multiple working conditions at once. After an introduction on mJADES and its operational aspects, the construction of parallel code performance prediction models will be dealt with. The models and the results obtained for a simple but complete and meaningful case study will be presented, discussing the accuracy obtained by simulation and the time required for performing the whole set of simulations necessary to characterize the program behavior. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Added Value and Constraints of Transdisciplinary Case Studies in Environmental Science Curricula
Authors: Bootsma Margien C. , Vermeulen Walter J.V. , van Dijk Jerry , Schot Paul P.
Published: March 2013

Sustainable development issues are characterised by their multidisciplinary character, and the fact they are not merely an academic exercise but pertain to real‐world problems. Academic sustainable development curricula should therefore not only focus on developing the analytical and research skills and theoretical and professional knowledge of their students; they should also include real‐world learning opportunities in the curriculum. This paper evaluates the added value and constraints associated with a specific type of real‐world learning called transdisciplinary learning, based on the experiences with three courses from the undergraduate and graduate Environmental Sciences curriculum of Utrecht University, the Netherlands. In these courses, students carry out a small multidisciplinary research project or a consultancy project for a real‐life client. It is concluded that transdisciplinary courses have clear added value for students, involved stakeholders, and the university alike, making them an essential part of the sustainable development curricula. The main constraint is the balance between academic quality (grading) vs stakeholder satisfaction. Although time investments for adequate problem definition with clients may constitute a constraint for university supervisors, it has the potential added value of sparking research cooperation with societal stakeholders, and internships and employment opportunities for graduates. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Catalytic Conversion of Cellulose to Ethylene Glycol over a Low‐Cost Binary Catalyst of Raney Ni and Tungstic Acid
Authors: Tai Zhijun , Zhang Junying , Wang Aiqin , Pang Jifeng , Zheng Mingyuan , Zhang Tao
Published: March 2013

Following our previous report on the selective transformation of cellulose to ethylene glycol (EG) over a binary catalyst composed of tungstic acid and Ru/C, we herein report a new low‐cost but more effective binary catalyst by using Raney nickel in place of Ru/C (Raney Ni+H2WO4). In addition to tungstic acid, other W compounds were also investigated in combination with Raney Ni. The results showed that the EG yield depended on the W compound: H4SiW12O40<H3PW12O40<WO3<H2WO4, but all the investigated W compounds were selective towards EG. Moreover, both WO3 and H2WO4 were dissolved partially under the reaction conditions and transformed into HxWO3, which is the genuinely active species for the CC bond breakage of cellulose. This result further confirmed that the reaction that involves the selective breakage of the CC bonds of cellulose with W species is homogenous. Among various binary catalysts, the combination of Raney Ni and H2WO4 gave the highest yield of EG (65 %), which could be attributed to the high activity of Raney Ni for hydrogenation and its inertness for the further degradation of EG. Moreover, Raney Ni+H2WO4 showed good reusability; it could be reused at least 17 times without any decay in the EG yield, which shows its great potential for industrial applications.
Improvement of Catalytic Water Oxidation on MnOx Films by Heat Treatment
Authors: Zhou Fengling , Izgorodin Alex , Hocking Rosalie K. , Armel Vanessa , Spiccia Leone , MacFarlane Douglas R.
Published: March 2013

Manganese oxides (MnOx) are considered to be promising catalysts for water oxidation. Electrodeposited MnOx films from aqueous electrolytes have previously been shown to exhibit a lower catalytic action than films deposited from ionic liquids when tested in strongly alkaline conditions. In this study, we describe a thermal treatment that converts the MnOx films deposited from aqueous electrolytes to highly catalytic films with comparable activity to ionic‐liquid‐deposited films. The films deposited from aqueous electrolytes show a remarkable improvement in the catalysis of water oxidation after heat treatment at a low temperature (≤120 °C) for 30 min. The films were characterised by using XRD and SEM, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX), FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, which indicate that dehydration occurs during the heat treatment without significant change to the microstructure or bulk composition. The X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) results show the growth of small amounts (ca. 3–10 %) of reduced Mn species (MnII or MnIII) after heat treatment. The dehydration process removes structural water and hydroxyl species to result in a conductivity improvement and a more active catalyst, thereby contributing to the enhancement in water oxidation performance.
A computational platform for robotized fluorescence microscopy (II): DNA damage, replication, checkpoint activation, and cell cycle progression by high‐content high‐resolution multiparameter image‐cytometry
Authors: Furia Laura , Pelicci Pier Giuseppe , Faretta Mario
Published: March 2013

Dissection of complex molecular‐networks in rare cell populations is limited by current technologies that do not allow simultaneous quantification, high‐resolution localization, and statistically robust analysis of multiple parameters. We have developed a novel computational platform (Automated Microscopy for Image CytOmetry, A.M.I.CO) for quantitative image‐analysis of data from confocal or widefield robotized microscopes. We have applied this image‐cytometry technology to the study of checkpoint activation in response to spontaneous DNA damage in nontransformed mammary cells. Cell‐cycle profile and active DNA‐replication were correlated to (i) Ki67, to monitor proliferation; (ii) phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX) and 53BP1, as markers of DNA‐damage response (DDR); and (iii) p53 and p21, as checkpoint‐activation markers. Our data suggest the existence of cell‐cycle modulated mechanisms involving different functions of γH2AX and 53BP1 in DDR, and of p53 and p21 in checkpoint activation and quiescence regulation during the cell‐cycle. Quantitative analysis, event selection, and physical relocalization have been then employed to correlate protein expression at the population level with interactions between molecules, measured with Proximity Ligation Analysis, with unprecedented statistical relevance. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry