bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution Characteristics of Drought Resistance and Disaster Reduction Capability and the Identification of Key Factors—A Case Study of a Typical Area in the Yun–Gui Plateau, China
Authors: Liu Xin , Du Mengyuan , Lei Hongjun , Pan Hongwei , Shang Chongju , Feng Kai , Wang Wenbo
Published: October 2023

Karst areas are characterized by poor surface water storage capacity, which makes them more sensitive to drought events. To enhance drought resistance in karst landform areas, this study focuses on a typical region in the Yun–Gui Plateau of China, specifically Guizhou Province, which includes 88 counties and districts. According to the regional characteristics, the index system for the assessment of drought resistance and disaster reduction ability was constructed to include 17 indexes in five evaluation layers, including natural conditions, water conservancy project, economic strength, water usage and water conservation level, and emergency support capacity. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted using a fuzzy evaluation model. Furthermore, the drought resistance and disaster reduction capacity of Guizhou Province was evaluated according to the fulfillment of water supply and water demand under the frequency of 75%, 90%, 95%, 97%, and 99% drought frequency inflow in each research unit. This assessment serves to define the spatial distribution pattern of drought resistance and disaster reduction capability within the province. Additionally, according to the results of the supply–demand balance method, the weight of the main influencing factors in regards to drought resistance and disaster reduction ability was optimized and adjusted to identify the key restricting factors of drought resistance and disaster reduction ability. This research data was obtained from the National Disaster Survey database, aiming to provide practical guidance for drought resistance in Guizhou Province. The research findings show that: (1) the distribution characteristics of drought resistance and disaster reduction capability in Guizhou Province are the most significant in Guiyang City, Liupanshui City, and Anshun City in the southwest, with higher drought resistance and disaster reduction ability found in central region, and lower drought resistance primarily identified in the eastern part of Qiandongnan Prefecture, Tongren City, the southern part of Qiannan Prefecture, and the northwestern part of Bijie City; (2) there are six main influencing factors in the three criterion layers, i.e., hydraulic engineering, emergency drought resistance, and social economy, and their contribution rates are as follows: surface water supply and storage rate > average number of soil moisture monitoring stations > per capita GDP > agricultural emergency drought irrigation rate > regional water supply assurance rate > cultivated land effective irrigation rate.
How Is “Success” Defined and Evaluated in Landscape Architecture—A Collective Case Study of Landscape Architecture Performance Evaluation Approaches in New Zealand
Authors: Chen Guanyu , Bowring Jacky , Davis Shannon
Published: October 2023

This study examines landscape performance evaluation practices in New Zealand by analysing a representative set of evaluation cases using a “sequential” case study approach. The aim is to map the methodological terrain and understand how “success” is defined and assessed in these evaluations. This study identifies different evaluation models, including goal, satisfaction, and norm models, and explores the evaluation methods employed. This study also reveals a correlation between funding sources and evaluation outcomes, with stakeholder-funded evaluations more likely to yield positive results. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive evaluations that adopt appropriate and sufficient models and the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration for robust evaluation practices.
Coordination Analysis of Urban Forest and Urban Development Level: A Case Study of the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, China
Authors: Chen Ruoyi , Cui Xiaochen , Lei Yidong
Published: October 2023

With the rapid development of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, sustainability and high-quality development have become the key paths to regional development. The urban forest, referring to the sum of trees, forests, and green space in an urban area, provides a series of ecological benefits and economic values and is essential to the urban ecological system. In the post-urbanization period, the integrated development of urban forests and the city is attached with great importance to long-term development. From the perspective of regional and coordinated development, this research constructed an evaluation index system of urban development and urban forest development. Then, a comprehensive evaluation model and coordination degree model were adopted to systematically study the temporal and spatial characteristics and policy influencing factors on the coordination degree between urban development and urban forest development in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration from 2005 to 2021. The results showed that from 2005 to 2021, urban development displayed continuous growth, while urban forest development exhibited a fluctuating increase and the level of urban forest generally lagged behind that of urban development. From 2005 to 2021, the coordination degree of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration showed a fluctuating trend, of which the maximum value was 0.999 in 2012, the minimum value was 0.730 in 2021, and the coordination degrees were all at the level of good coordination or high-quality coordination except for 2021. In terms of spatial distribution, three provinces and one city all showed a fluctuating increase at first, followed by a downward trend, while Shanghai showed the highest coordination level. From the perspective of policy on urban forests, the Shanghai government showed the best effort, while the Jiangsu government still needs improvement. This research provides a scientific basis for coordinating the relationship between urban development and the environment and for realizing regional sustainable and high-quality development.
Exploring the Digital Atmosphere of Museums: Perspectives and Potential
Authors: Paschou Sofia , Papaioannou Georgios
Published: October 2023

This paper contributes to the field of museum and visitor experience in terms of atmosphere by discussing the “museum digital atmosphere” or MDA, a notion that has been introduced and found across museums in Greece. Research on museum atmospherics has tended to focus on physical museum spaces and exhibits. By “atmosphere”, we mean the emotional state that is a result of public response adding to the overall museum experience. The MDA is therefore studied as the specific emotional state caused by the use of digital applications and technologies. The stimulus–organism–response or SOR model is used to define the MDA, so as to confirm and reinforce the concept. To that end, a qualitative methodological approach is used; we conduct semi-structured interviews and evaluate findings via content analysis. The sample consists of 17 specialists and professionals from the field, namely museologists, museographers, museum managers, and digital application developers working in Greek museums. Ultimately, this research uses the SOR model to reveal the effect of digital tools on the digital atmosphere in Greek museums. It also enriches the SOR model with additional concepts and emotions taken from real-life situations, adding new categories of variables. This research provides the initial data and knowledge regarding the concept of the MDA, along with its importance.
Acetyl Tributyl Citrate Exposure at Seemingly Safe Concentrations Induces Adverse Effects in Different Genders of Type 2 Diabetes Mice, Especially Brain Tissue
Authors: Zhang Yuchao , Zhang Zhihuai , Zhu Sijie , Liu Liangyu , Liu Xudong , Yang Xu
Published: October 2023

Acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) is a widely used phthalate substitute. Although ATBC is considered to be with a safe dosage of up to 1000 mg/kg/day, studies on its effects in some sensitive populations, such as diabetic patients, are relatively rare. Epidemiological studies have shown that there is a link between diabetes and nervous system diseases. However, toxicological studies have not fully confirmed this yet. In this study, glycolipid metabolism, cognitive deficits, brain tissue damage, levels of neurotransmitters, beta-amyloid plaques (Aβ), hyperphosphorylated tau protein (p-Tau), oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as glial cell homeostatic levels in the brain tissue of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) mice, were determined after ATBC exposure (0, 2, 20, and 200 mg/kg/day) for 90 days. The results confirmed that ATBC exposure aggravated the disorder of glycolipid metabolism and caused cognitive deficits in T2DM mice; induced histopathological alterations and Aβ and p-Tau accumulation, and reduced the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine and acetylcholine in T2DM mouse brains; oxidative stress and glial cell homeostatic levels in T2DM mouse brains were also changed. Some of the adverse effects were gender-dependent. These findings support the theory that T2DM mice, especially males, are more sensitive to ATBC exposure. Although the safe dose of ATBC is high, prolonged exposure at seemingly safe concentrations has the potential to aggravate diabetes symptoms and cause brain tissue damage in T2DM mice.
Impact of Sex on Completion of Life-Saving Interventions for Severely Injured Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Deloye Doriane , Nadeau Alexandra , Barnes-Métras Amanda , Malo Christian , Émond Marcel , Moore Lynne , Tardif Pier-Alexandre , Benhamed Axel , Dubucs Xavier , Blanchard Pierre-Gilles , Mercier Eric
Published: October 2023

Sex disparities in access and quality of care are well known for some time-sensitive conditions. However, the impact of sex on early trauma care remains unknown. In this study, we compared delays of completion of life-saving interventions (LSIs) between females and males among severely injured patients. This is a retrospective cohort study of all patients who consulted or were transported by ambulance in the emergency department (ED) of a level-one trauma centre following injury between September 2017 and December 2019 and for whom at least one LSI was performed. The list of LSIs was established by an expert consensus and included trauma team leader (TTL) activation, endotracheal intubation, chest decompression, blood transfusion, massive transfusion protocol, neurosurgery, spinal surgery, intestinal surgery, and spleen, liver and/or kidney angiography. A total of 905 patients were included. No significant statistical differences in the LSI delays were found when comparing females and males brought directly to the ED and transferred from another health care setting. Results of this study suggest that delays before completion of LSIs are similar for severely injured patients at our major trauma centre regardless of their sex.
Food Safety Practices during Hajj: On-Site Inspections of Food-Serving Establishments
Authors: Alnafisah Ruyuf , Alnasiri Fahad , Alzaharni Saleh , Alshikhi Ibrahim , Alqahtani Amani
Published: October 2023

The presence of crowds during Hajj increases the risk of foodborne infection. Yet, research on the practices of food handlers during Hajj is limited. This study aimed to assess compliance with food safety practices and its associated factors during Hajj 2022. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in Mecca and Madinah before and during Hajj 2022 and involved 195 food-serving establishments (FSEs) contracted for Hajj catering. Collected data included visit time, establishment location, licensure, whether food handlers had food safety training (professional training), and whether FSEs were under supervision from a consulting office (professional supervision). The included FSEs were 168/195 (86.2%). Two-thirds of FSEs surveyed (113, 67.3%) were under professional supervision, and 91 (54.2%) hired trained food safety workers. Compliance rates varied between outcomes (72.67 ± 17.21% to 88.3 ± 18.8%). Compared to Mecca, Madinah FSEs were more adherent to cleanliness (80.5 ± 27.9% vs. 91.5 ± 19.9%, respectively, p = 0.006). FSEs with trained workers were more likely to comply with proper food safety practices compared to those with untrained workers: cleanliness (OR: 7.2, 95% CI [2.6–20.23], p < 0.001); workers’ commitment to health requirements (OR: 2.8, 95% CI [1.1–6.9], p = 0.025); handling of refrigerated and frozen food (OR: 5.27, 95% CI [1.83–15.20], p = 0.004); and food storage practices (OR: 12.5, 95% CI [2.0–12.5], p < 0.001). The role of professional training in increasing food safety practices compliance was highlighted. FSEs in Madinah were more compliant with food safety practices than those in Mecca. Therefore, Mecca FSEs may need stringent safety measures.
Einstein-AdS Gravity Coupled to Nonlinear Electrodynamics, Magnetic Black Holes, Thermodynamics in an Extended Phase Space and Joule–Thomson Expansion
Authors: Kruglov Sergey Il’ich
Published: October 2023

We studied Einstein’s gravity with negative cosmological constant coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics proposed earlier. The metric and mass functions and corrections to the Reissner–Nordström solution are obtained. Black hole solutions can have one or two horizons. Thermodynamics and phase transitions of magnetically charged black holes in Anti-de Sitter spacetime are investigated. The first law of black hole thermodynamics is formulated and the generalized Smarr relation is proofed. By calculating the Gibbs free energy and heat capacity we study the black hole stability. Zero-order (reentrant), first-order, and second-order phase transitions are analyzed. The Joule–Thomson expansion is considered, showing the cooling and heating phase transitions. It was shown that the principles of causality and unitarity are satisfied in the model under consideration.
Senior Drivers’ Body Movement Strategies for Getting in and out of Cars: A Study by Vehicle Typology
Authors: Fernandes Susana C. F.
Published: October 2023

During normal ageing, physical changes take place in the biomechanical, musculoskeletal, and psychomotor systems, that reduce strength, flexibility, motor coordination, balance, and precision of movements. This article analyses the motion behaviour of a sample of 49 senior and pre-senior subjects during the process of entry to (ingress) and exit from (egress) new car models not experienced before, obtained over five days at the Geneva International Motor Show. The methodological process is based on visual studies using photography and video to analyse motion behaviour. This investigation identifies five entry movement strategies and three exit movement strategies in three types of vehicle groups. The movements adopted in the egress of the vehicle were more complex and difficult, in general, than those observed for ingress, requiring greater flexibility, agility/dexterity, and physical strength of subjects, involving more contact or support with vehicle parts. The main factor that influenced movement strategies was essentially related to subjects’ levels of physical capacity and previous experiences. Several subjects’ movement strategies were observed in each type of vehicle, confirming that the user’s somatic experience strongly influences the interaction with new vehicles. User’s vehicles’ past experiences and their psychomotor skills determined the adopted movement strategy, which occurred in an unreflective and natural way, regardless of the new type of vehicle. However, due to substantial differences between the vehicles, some subjects may have adopted a different movement strategy in response to these variations.
Provenance Indication of Rare Earth Elements in Lake Particulates from Environmentally Sensitive Regions
Authors: Zhang Pu , Zhang Zhe , Liang Lihua , Li Lei , Cao Chenyang , Edwards R. Lawrence
Published: October 2023

The provenance of lake particulate matter in environmentally sensitive areas is crucial to understanding regional environmental and climatic changes. This study investigated two regions in the Northeast Tibetan Plateau, China: Region I (Keluke, Tuosu, and Gahai Lakes) and Region II (Qinghai Lake and nearby rivers). The results showed that: (1) The two regions have greater differences in the enrichment of rare earth elements (REEs) and heterogeneity in spatial distribution, both of which are characterized by relative enrichment of LREE and depletion of HREE, but to different degrees; (2) the source and formation of particulate matter in two regions are consistent. Particulate matter in Region I (Keluke and Tuosu Lakes) predominantly originates from granite rocks, which undergo weathering and transportation through rivers. Region II (Qinghai Lake and nearby rivers) particulate matter is affected by chemical weathering and partial recycling of detrital material. Diagenesis had a minimal impact on the particulate REEs. (3) This study primarily provides a preliminary understanding of REEs in lake particles, assessing particle changes during the water-to-sediment process and their provenance indication. Future studies will incorporate the solid fugacity (solid speciation) of REEs in particles, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of rare earth element geochemical processes. This study provides valuable insights into REEs distribution, source, and geochemical behavior in the Tibetan Plateau, underscoring the importance of REEs in understanding provenance processes, and is indicative of provenance studies in other climate change-sensitive regions of the world.
Українська термінологія міжлабораторних порівнянь
Authors: Левбарг О. С.
Published: October 2023

Подано переклад на українську мову деяких термінів зі сфери перевіряння фаховості лабораторій методом міжлабораторних порівнянь (proficiency testing, proficiency testing scheme, proficiency testing provider тощо). Запропонованими варіантами перекладу можна буде скористатися під час майбутнього впровадження в Україні нового європейського стандарту EN ISO/IEC 17043:2023 Conformity assessment — General requirements for the competence of proficiency testing providers (ISO/IEC 17043:2023). Також коротко розглянуто назви видів звірень, у яких беруть участь метрологічні інститути.
Проблема застосування засобів вимірювальної техніки, що надходять в рамках гуманітарної допомоги та можливий шлях її вирішення
Authors: Дуля В. В. , Польчин О. В.
Published: October 2023

Розглянуто проблему введення в експлуатацію та подальшого застосування засобів вимірювальної техніки, що надходять до України у вигляді гуманітарної допомоги без документів щодо оцінки відповідності та визначено можливий шлях її вирішення.
THE FOUNDATIONS OF AN INNOVATIVE UNDERSTANDING OF THE ESSENCE, CORRELATION, PROCEDURE AND LIMITS OF THE LEGITIMATE PUBLICATION OF KNOWINGLY AND UNKNOWNLY RELIABLE AND UNRELIABLE NEWS IN OF JURIDICAL, JOURNALISTIC OR OTHER MASSMEDIA PROVING OR IN PUBLIC DISCUSSION
Authors: Kyrychenko Oleksandr , Lantsedova Yuliia , Bondarenko Inna
Published: October 2023

It is emphasized, that by known reliable news it is appropriate to understand those, that fully correspond to the actual circumstances of the action (actions or inactions of an individual or a small group of people), events (actions or inactions of very large groups of people, when it is impossible to establish the role in achieving the overall result of each of participants, for example, in the course of the war, etc.) or phenomenon (action or inaction of the forces of nature, including predatory animals, that are in conditions not regulated by humans) in general or a certain part of it, and peculiarities of perception, memorization, their storage, reproduction and other transmissions by a certain person, including life experience or relevant special or professional competence contribute to the transmission or other disclosure of practically adequate news. Attention is focused on the fact, that according to the basic orientation of the result of their public disclosure, each of the named types of news can be divided into those, that condition their perception by the majority of addressees as positive, negative and positive-negative, and negative information – also as neutral, socially harmful and socially dangerous news, when the last two types of news, depending on the level of public danger as a result of their public disclosure, may create conditions for the recipients to commit relevant criminal and other offences. On the basis of the above, it is proposed to improve the constitutional foundations of the legitimate implementation of any type of juridical, journalistic and other mass media proving or public discussion in terms of the freedom of not just any, but only knowingly reliable speech, as well as specified circumstances under which publication may be limited and knowingly reliable news.
DIGITAL INFORMATION AS AN OBJECT OF EXPERT RESEARCH IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION: PROBLEMS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
Authors: Cheremnova Antonina , Bielik Larysa
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the problems of considering digital information as an object of expert research. It is proposed to amend the current criminal procedural legislation by adding part 2 of Art. 84 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine with new sources of evidence – digital, namely, to state it in the following wording: «2. Procedural sources of evidence are testimony, material evidence, digital evidence, documents, and expert opinions.
The definition of digital information is formulated in the context of the investigation of criminal proceedings, namely, it is indicated that it can be understood as data presented in electronic (digital) form, containing information relevant to the case, containing traces of a criminal offence that is an instrument or means of committing it, stored on tangible media: computer, mobile devices, digital cameras, routers, etc., or intangible resources such as the Internet, databases, local networks of institutions and organizations, etc., while on the specified media may contain: files (containing text information, audio or video); a variety of software used as a «tool» for committing a crime or to hide the traces of its commission; files containing traces of forgery or falsification; databases, free access to which is prohibited by the current legislation in the field of protection of state secrets, protection of personal data; scanned copies, photocopies of restricted documents, etc.
Two groups of digital information are identified, which are the object of expert research in the course of the pre-trial investigation: digital information located on a material storage medium; digital information located on the Internet or in cloud storage. Attention is drawn to the forensic computer-technical examination of digital information located in the darknet, since persons carrying out criminal activities using it use a fairly extensive data protection system to exclude the possibility of identifying the offender by law enforcement agencies: «protected» operating systems are used: Linux, Kodachi Linux, etc.; browsers are used that are not widely used by consumers, such as, for example, Tor Browser, which allows you to establish an anonymous network connection that has some protection from outside interference; access to the Internet is carried out using a VPN in order to prevent the determination of the actual location of a person and his IP address.
EXPERT OPINION IN PROVING THE ARMED AGGRESSION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND DETERMINING THE DAMAGES TO UKRAINE: IMPORTANCE, CHALLENGES, AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Kukhareva Svitlana , Kalnoi Dmytro , Kaminskyi Anton
Published: October 2023

The article examines the problems of the use of an expert’s opinion in legal practice as one of the key pieces of evidence in court, including research related to the determination of damage and losses caused to Ukraine as a result of the armed aggression of the russian federation, the determination of the very fact of aggression, taking into account amendments to some normative legal acts on issues of forensic expert activity in the context of the independent collection of materials by a forensic expert as part of his professional duties. The issue of further assessment of the expert’s opinion was investigated in accordance with the procedure provided for by law.
RESPONSIBILITY OF THE FORENSIC EXPERT: REVIEW OF CURRENT LEGISLATION
Authors: Bilous Iryna , Hodz Vitalii , Riabenko Iryna
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the review of the current legislation of Ukraine, which regulates the responsibility of judicial experts, some features of the innovations in terms of the disciplinary responsibility of judicial experts at the legislative level are disclosed.
Based on the results of the analysis, the authors came to the conclusion about the imperfection of the changes made to the Law of Ukraine «On Forensic Expertise», which, first of all, are aimed at strengthening methods of influencing forensic experts. The above-mentioned legislative changes indicate a somewhat biased attitude of their authors towards forensic experts, as an important and integral component of the system of forensic expert activity and the judicial system as a whole. Unfortunately, the reality is that currently only legal experts at the legislative level can be brought to legal, in particular disciplinary, responsibility, while specialists in other fields do not bear any responsibility for the same type of violation.
In view of the above, it is proposed to review the content of Article 14 of the Law of Ukraine «On Forensic Expertise» and to exclude certain types of disciplinary offences listed therein, which are grounds for bringing forensic experts to disciplinary responsibility.
MNESTIC CAUSES OF UNINTENTIONALLY PROVIDING PARTICULARLY UNRELIABLE TESTIMONY DURING INVESTIGATIVE (SEARCH) ACTIONS
Authors: Tsilmak Olena
Published: October 2023

The article states that the investigator must be well aware of the various reasons for conscious or unconscious misrepresentation or reporting of false testimony by a person. These reasons are conditionally divided by the author into psychological, social and psychophysiological. The essence of the main psychophysiological mnestic reasons for a person’s unintentional giving of unreliable testimony during investigative (search) actions is revealed. The author includes repressed memories and types of memory disorders as such causes: dysmnesia (hypermnesia, hypomnesia and different variants of amnesia (anterograde, retrograde, delayed, fixation, reversal, congrats and progressive) and paramnesia (confabulation, pseudo reminiscence, cryptomnesia, echomnesia and phantasms). The meaningful essence and peculiarities of the influence of repressed memories and types of memory disorders (dysmnesia and paramnesia) on the person’s testimony are revealed.
It is emphasized that since the preliminary investigation and trial process relies on the memory of the suspect, the accused or the witness, any kind of memory impairment can have significant consequences in these areas. Because it gives reason to doubt the person’s testimony and confessions. Therefore, the investigator in the process of carrying out investigative (search) actions must be vigilant and prudent in order to verify the information and collect and obtain accurate information from the subject of the pre-trial investigation. And for this, he must know well the substantive essence of the main types of violations of cognitive, volitional, emotional and motivational processes and states, as well as the criteria for their diagnosis.
SOME ISSUES OF CRIMES INVESTIGATION RELATED TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
Authors: Stepanchenko Oleksii
Published: October 2023

The article discusses the problematic issues of investigating crimes related to domestic violence. The practice of the Criminal Court of Cassation as part of the Supreme Court regarding the concept of systematic domestic violence is analyzed.
Some features of the interrogation of victims of domestic violence, namely women and minors, are revealed. It is proposed to change Part 1 of Art. 354 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, making the presence of a psychologist mandatory during the interrogation of a minor witness or victim. Recommendations for optimization of the process of investigation and prevention of the specified crime are proposed. A systematic analysis of domestic legislative acts, specialized literature, as well as expert practice, made it possible to make separate proposals for improving the theoretical and legal foundations for the investigation of crimes related to domestic violence.
The need to review the current legislation of Ukraine for the presence of measures provided for by the Budapest and Istanbul Conventions, and to enshrine at the legislative level the concept and responsibility for domestic cyber-violence was emphasized.
NOTIFICATION OF SUSPICION TO A CERTAIN CATEGORY OF PERSONS: PECULIARITIES OF LEGITIMIZATION DURING LAW ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES
Authors: Heselev Oleksii
Published: October 2023

The research conducted in the article is due to a number of problems and gaps identified by judicial and law enforcement practice related to the interpretation and application of the relevant provisions of the law on subjects and the procedure for reporting the suspicion of a separate category of persons. The legal institute notification of suspicion is one of the defining procedural institutes in the modern criminal process of Ukraine. The problem of reporting suspicions of committing criminal offences to people’s deputies of Ukraine and other persons who are referred to as the «separate category of persons» by the criminal procedure law has become especially relevant.
The article examines legal justification or legitimation of the grounds and procedure for applying the procedure for notification of suspicion of committing a criminal offence to the above-mentioned persons. For this purpose, the notice of suspicion is, first of all, considered as a complex procedural measure provided by the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, which consists of successive, interconnected and interdependent stages: establishing legal grounds for notification of suspicion; adoption of the relevant procedural decision and its execution in the form of a written document indicating all the circumstances and qualifications of the criminal offence; conducting a procedural action, the content of which is reduced to the direct delivery of such a document (notice) to a certain person with an explanation of the content of the suspicion and his procedural rights.
It is concluded that compliance with the above-mentioned legal procedure for notification of suspicion, in particular, personal, direct delivery of such notification to representatives of certain categories of persons by law special entities, is the basis for the legal legitimization of this procedural institution, ensuring the special legal status of these persons, as well as guaranteeing the rule of law, respect for constitutional rights and achieving legal objectives of criminal proceedings.
FEATURES OF DOCUMENTING AND INVESTIGATING CRIMINAL OFFENSES AGAINST THE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Bohatyrchuk Oleksandr , Marko Serhii
Published: October 2023

Within the framework of a scientific article, based on the study of legal sources, the practice of their application and the points of view of scientists on selected topics, the problems of fixing and documenting criminal offenses against the environment, using the possibilities of forensic environmental examination during their investigation, taking measures to determine the size harm and identification of persons involved in their commission. Appropriate organizational and tactical recommendations were made, aimed at improving the methodology for investigating criminal offenses against the environment.
CERTAIN ASPECTS OF ARTICLE 6 «RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL» OF THE CONVENTION ON THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS
Authors: Mazur Oksana , Bortun Kyrylo
Published: October 2023

The article examines the issue of disclosure of the content of the principle of the rule of law, its elements and the practice of the European Court of Human Rights in the context of a violation of Art. 6 «The right to a fair trial». Changes to the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine regarding the restoration of lost materials of criminal proceedings under martial law are analyzed.
The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that the principle of the rule of law, which was reflected in the preamble of the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and in a number of other international documents on human rights, must be ensured even during the war. After all, according to Art. 8 of the Constitution of Ukraine, the principle of the rule of law is recognized and applied in our country.
In connection with the full-scale war and the legal regime of martial law, Ukraine faced many challenges, especially the criminal justice authorities, since peacetime laws could not regulate all the events and circumstances that arose.
As a result of the events that took place in the spring and summer of 2014, as well as after the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into the territory of Ukraine, the government temporarily lost control over parts of the territory of Luhansk and Donetsk regions, where the courts of first instance and appeals were located, some of the materials of criminal proceedings also remained in this territory Therefore, the state authorities were faced with the issue of restoring lost materials of criminal proceedings to ensure the rights and legitimate interests of suspects and accused persons. These issues were highlighted in the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights in several cases against Ukraine.
Therefore, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine made a number of changes to the legislation, in particular to the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine.
THE PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE FORENSIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CRIMINAL OFFENCES UNDER SECTION XVI OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF UKRAINE
Authors: Nedilko Yaroslav
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the practical significance of the criminalistic characteristics of criminal offences provided for in Section XVI of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The analysis of the given statistical data gives grounds to assert the low efficiency of the investigation and disclosure of criminal offences provided for in Section XVI of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.
The correlations between the elements of the criminalistic characteristics of criminal offences provided for in Article 361-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine are analyzed.
It is proposed to create an appropriate system (database) in which persons investigating criminal offences provided for in Section XVI of the Criminal Code of Ukraine will enter data based on the elemental composition of the criminalistic characteristics of these criminal offences (the identity of the offender, the situation of the commission, the method of commission, traces, etc.).
Considering also the rapid development of artificial intelligence, the proposed system can be configured as follows: 1) enter the relevant data on the method of commission, the situation, the traces, the person who committed the criminal offence, and so on, and the artificial intelligence itself will structure them in accordance with the elements of the forensic characteristics; 2) artificial intelligence independently, based on the analysis of materials and information (data) entered into the information and telecommunication system of pre-trial investigation, will search and distribute the necessary data concerning elements of the criminalistic characteristics of criminal offences.
It is stated that the criminalistic characteristics of criminal offences provided for by Section XVI of the Criminal Code of Ukraine had practical significance, that is, it was useful in the investigation of these criminal offences, it is necessary to use modern capabilities of information computer technologies and artificial intelligence capabilities (for example, ChatGPT).
PROBATION: ORIGIN AND FORMATION
Authors: Sanzhara Oleksandr
Published: October 2023

The elements of probation that were in Roman criminal law in 450 BC are analyzed. from the moment of the conclusion of the legal act «Laws of the XII Tables», «Justice of the Rus», in which the norms of Rus customary law, the Lithuanian statutes of the period of the XV-XVI centuries, as well as the norms of criminal law set forth in the book of the first volume XV of the «Code of Laws» were codified Russian Empire.
The first cases of probation in the USA and Great Britain are being studied, in particular, the first manifestations of probation applied by D. Augustus in the USA, as well as the Law «On Probation for Minors» was adopted in 1901 within the US state, the Federal Law «On Probation» was adopted in the USA in 1925 the Probation of Offenders Act was introduced into the law of England and Wales in 1907. Further steps in the development of probation and its transformation into a fullfledged punishment (its replacement) are consistently analyzed, which can be used in certain cases as an alternative to imprisonment.
An opinion is given on the need to divide the history of the development of probation into stages that led to the emergence of the institution and the term probation in the countries of the Anglo-Saxon system of law, as well as the subsequent stages in the formation of the modern model of probation in the world.
In the article, the author proposes its own periodization of the stages of development of this institution, in which the first three stages refer to the period of development of the elements of criminal influence characteristic of the application of probation, and the next three characterize the process of the emergence of the concept and the consistent development of the institution of probation. Such stages are proposed to be considered in the following sequence:

Starting from prehistoric times and ending with the period of antiquity.
The period of the Middle Ages, beginning with the publication of «Justice of the Rus» and ending with the period of application of the Lithuanian charters, which lasted until the first half of the 17th century.
The times when Ukraine belonged to Russia as an autonomy (the second half of the 17th – the 18th century).
Emergence and implementation in the USA and Great Britain at the end of the 17th century. early 19th century concept of probation.
The middle of the XIX-XX, characterized by the development of the institution of probation, the formation of an opinion on the possibility of its application instead of the main type of punishment.
Modern period of independence and development of criminal law, in particular the institution of probation.
FEATURES OF SIGNATURES FORMATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES OF DOCUMENT CIRCULATION
Authors: Nikolaichuk Tetiana
Published: October 2023

The article deals with the features of establishing the possibilities of researching signatures in the conditions of the modern development of general educational standards of writing and the changeability of writing skills in combination with the rapid development of electronic signatures. The regularities of handwriting and signature formation in the conditions of the modern development of innovative technologies are considered. It has been established that the use of an online signature (electronic digital signature) in everyday life creates a serious problem for handwriting experts. This is due to the fact that electronic digital signatures, as well as signatures made on electronic media, are not objects for handwriting studies. The traditional method of authentication and identification cannot be completely eliminated, due to the high risks of cyber-attacks.
METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING THE PRESCRIPTION OF A DOCUMENT: NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE
Authors: Kovalov Kostiantyn
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of modern trends in the formation of scientific and methodological foundations for determining the prescription of a document in the context of the development of forensic expertology and forensic documentation in Ukraine and other countries. A scientific and methodological approach to the formation of a methodology for establishing the prescription of a document is proposed, based on the developments of a comprehensive study of the details of documents using special knowledge, analytical and special methods of forensic examination of documents, handwriting and linguistics.
Theoretical and methodological aspects of modern trends in the formation of scientific and methodological foundations for determining the prescription of a document in the context of the development of forensic expertology and forensic documentation science in Ukraine and other countries are analyzed.
The formation of scientific and methodological approaches to the study of documents in order to determine the prescription of their production on the basis of scientific, theoretical and practical experience of research and forensic institutions in Ukraine and foreign countries is characterized. The state of development of scientific and methodological foundations for the study of documents is analyzed in order to determine the prescription of their production. The general provisions of the methodology for forensic technical examination of documents are formed in order to determine the prescription of their production.
The reliability of the obtained results and conclusions is ensured by the use of a complex of general scientific and special research methods. In particular, with the help of the dialectical method as a general method of cognition of the issue, the topics are considered in dynamics, and their relationship and interdependence are revealed, thanks to the use of methods of system analysis, formal logic, abstraction and analogy, generalization and classification in the context of the formation of scientific and methodological foundations for determining the prescription of a document, the main trends in the formation of methodological foundations for expanding the possibilities of forensic examination of documents in order to determine the prescription of their products are characterized.
Based on the possibilities of using various special knowledge and analytical and special methods of forensic examination of documents, an algorithm for the actions of a forensic expert is proposed in order to determine the prescription of their production.
Taking into account the solid scientific and methodological heritage of the possibilities of combining methods and techniques for solving the problems of forensic handwriting examination and technical examination of documents and streamlining the research processes, a general methodology for conducting a forensic examination in order to establish the prescription of a document is proposed.
TYPICAL EXPERT ERRORS CONDUCTING NON-IDENTIFICATION BALLISTIC RESEARCH AND WAYS TO OVERCOME THEM
Authors: Samoilenko Ihor , Lysenko Volodymyr
Published: October 2023

Based on the study of judicial and expert practice, the article identifies typical expert errors when conducting non-identification ballistics research: of a procedural nature (expert going beyond the scope of competence; errors caused by improperly formulated questions to the expert; independent collection of objects and examination materials, etc.); epistemological (incorrect application of logical methods and operations, violation of the logic of substantiation of intermediate and final conclusions; imperfect knowledge of the subject of research); operational (use of outdated methods; violations in the sequence of expert procedures; incorrect use of technical means of research or use of unsuitable means, equipment, etc.; obtaining and using low-quality comparative material).
It was concluded that proper operational control of the entire technological chain, starting from the appointment of an expert and the sending of an examination from an expert institution, will also contribute to the reduction of the described shortcomings when conducting non-identification ballistics research. It is emphasized that under such conditions, the departmental control of the head of the expert institution becomes especially important, a thorough check of the validity, reliability and scientific validity of the relevant research will contribute to the reduction of identified and potential errors of subordinate ballistic experts.
It was established that the process of evaluating the conclusion of forensic ballistics examinations, in which diagnostic and situational tasks are solved, includes the analysis of its legal and factual aspects. The assessment of such studies from a legal point of view requires the analysis of the procedural order of preparation, appointment and examination. The evaluation of the factual side of the conclusion consists in establishing the reliability and scientific validity of the factual data discovered by the expert, their relationship and attitude to the event under investigation.
RESEARCH OF TURQUOISE AND ITS IMITATIONS
Authors: Chystiakova Halyna
Published: October 2023

Turquoise is a precious stone that has an interesting history, and a deep cultural connection, which makes it an interesting object of research. In connection with the increased demand for this stone, which was not easy to satisfy, fakes began to appear.
Turquoise was imitated and later learned to synthesize, today there are many options for counterfeiting turquoise. This article is written to help diagnose and focus attention on important aspects. When diagnosing stones, all indicators are important, only when studying the provided sample organoleptically and physico-chemically, it is possible to understand the nature of stones and their characteristics, to identify options for improvement.
ON SOME ASPECTS OF FORENSIC EXAMINATION (EXPERT RESEARCH) OF OBJECTS OF COPYRIGHT: ISSUES OF IMPLEMENTATION IN NATIONAL LEGISLATION OF THE CONCEPTS OF «ORIGINALITY» AND «OBJECTIVE FORM» OF THE WORK AND EUROPEAN INTEGRATION PROCESSES
Authors: Korostashova Iryna
Published: October 2023

The article deals with the generalization of approaches to conducting forensic examinations (expert research) in the field of intellectual property, in particular, objects of copyright, which are the results of human creative activity in the fields of scientific, musical and artistic creativity. Attention is paid to the object of legal protection in copyright law – the «form» of the work. The author analyzed the norms of international law and national legislation, which establish the legal protection of copyright objects, and identified conflicts between the norms of the Civil Code of Ukraine and the new Law of Ukraine «On Copyright and Related Rights», in particular, regarding the definition of the criteria for the protective capacity of copyright objects, as well as the form of expression of the work and the time of occurrence of the copyright. The amendments to the national legislation, introduced the concept of «work» and types of works, as well as the concepts of «originality» and «objective form» of the expression of a work, the time (moment) of the creation it was investigated. It was established that the specified changes in the national legislation had a certain impact on the concept of the legal protection of copyright objects.
The issue of the legal protection of copyright objects, which should be taken into account by forensic experts during forensic examinations (expert studies), is summarized. Recommendations have been formulated for posing questions to court experts during the appointment of a forensic examination (ordering expert research) in the field of copyright.