bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short-term Hydro-Thermal-Wind-Solar Power Scheduling: A Case Study of Kanyakumari Region of India
Authors: Kaur Sunimerjit , Brar Yadwinder Singh , Dhillon Jaspreet Singh
Published: April 2021

In this paper, an advanced modus operandi named the -constrained simplex method (ACSM) is deployed to resolve a real-time hydro-thermal-wind-solar power scheduling problem. ACSM is an updated articulation of the Nonlinear Simplex Method (SM) of Nelder and Mead. It has been designed after interbreeding an ordinary SM with some other methods like-evolutionary method, α-constrained method, etc. To develop this technique three alterations in the SM are adopted (i) -level differentiation, (ii) mutations of the worst point, and (iii) the incorporation of multi-simplexes. A real-time multi-objective hydro-thermal-wind-solar power scheduling problem is established and optimized for the Kanyakumari (Tamil Nadu, India) for the 18th of September of 2020. Four contrary constraints are contemplated for this case study (i)fuel cost and employing cost of wind and solar power system, (ii) NOx emission, (iii) SO2 emission, and (iv) CO2 emission. The fidelity of the projected practice is trailed upon two test systems. The first test system is hinged upon twenty-four-hour power scheduling of a pure thermal power system. The values of total fuel cost,emission, emission, and emission are attained as 4707.19$/day, 59325.23 kg/day, 207672.70 kg/day, and 561369.20 kg/day, respectively. In the second test system, two thermal generators are reintegrated with renewable energy resources (RER) based power system (hydro, wind, and solar system) for the same power demands. The hydro, wind, and solar data are probed with the Glimn-Kirchmayer model, Weibull Distribution Density Factor, and Normal Distribution model, respectively. The outturns using ACSM are contrasted with the SM and evolutionary method(EM). For this real-time hydro-thermal-wind-solar power scheduling problem the values of fuel cost,  emission,  emission, and  emission are shortened to 1626.41 $/day, 24262.24 kg/day, 71753.80 kg/day, and 196748.20 kg/day, respectively for the specified interval using ACSM and with SM, these values are calculated as 1626.57 $/day, 24264.67 kg/day, 71760.98 kg/day, 196767.68 kg/day, respectively. The results for the same are obtained as 1626.74 $/day, 24267.10 kg/day, 71768.15 kg/day, 196787.55 kg/day, respectively, by using EM. The values of the operating cost of the solar system, wind system, total system transmission losses, and computational time of test system-2 with ACSM, SM, and EM are evaluated as 8438.76 $/day, 19017.42 $/day, 476.69 MW/day & 15.6 seconds; 8439.61 $/day, 19019.33 $/day, 476.74 MW/day and 16.8 sec; and 8447.20 $/day, 19036.43 $/day, 477.17 MW/day and 17.3 sec, respectively. The solutions portray the sovereignty of ACSM over the other two methods in the entire process.
Le caractère saisonnier du coronavirus et d’autres virus au Canada : les conséquences de la COVID-19
Authors: Lagacé-Wiens Philippe , Bullard Jared , Cole Roy , Van Caeseele Paul
Published: April 2021

Background: Like endemic coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is believed to have emerged in humans from a zoonotic source and may ultimately develop a seasonal pattern. A seasonal pattern, particularly if combined with other seasonal outbreaks of respiratory virus infections, may have significant impacts on the healthcare system. We evaluated the seasonal pattern of existing endemic coronaviruses and several other common respiratory viruses to determine the potential impacts of added burden of respiratory disease should SARS-CoV-2 establish seasonality. Methods: National surveillance data for laboratory confirmations of endemic coronaviruses, influenza A and B viruses, rhinovirus/enterovirus, human metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus for the past 10 years were obtained from the Government of Canada Open Data and FluWatch. Epidemic curves were generated from total case numbers and percent of samples testing positive for each respiratory virus by epidemiological week. Results: In Canada, endemic coronaviruses and other common respiratory viruses cause annual seasonal outbreaks in the winter months. Should SARS-CoV-2 develop a seasonal pattern similar to endemic coronaviruses and respiratory viruses, co-circulation would be expected to peak between January and March. Peak endemic coronavirus activity occurs during the nadir of rhinovirus/enterovirus and parainfluenza activity. Conclusion: Healthcare settings, assisted-living and long-term care homes, schools and essential services employers should anticipate and have contingencies for seasonal outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 and co-circulating respiratory viruses during peak seasons. Given the likelihood of co-circulation, diagnostic multiplex testing targeting co-circulating pathogens may be more efficient than single target assays for symptomatic individuals if a seasonal pattern to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is established.
Impact of nonpharmaceutical interventions on laboratory detections of influenza A and B in Canada
Authors: Lagacé-Wiens Philippe , Sevenhuysen Claire , Lee Liza , Nwosu Andrea , Smith Tiffany
Published: April 2021

Background: The first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case was reported in Canada on January 25, 2020. In response to the imminent outbreak, many provincial and territorial health authorities implemented nonpharmaceutical public health measures to curb the spread of disease. “Social distancing” measures included restrictions on group gatherings; cancellation of sports, cultural and religious events and gatherings; recommended physical distancing between people; school and daycare closures; reductions in non-essential services; and closures of businesses. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of the combined nonpharmaceutical interventions imposed in March 2020 on influenza A and B epidemiology by comparing national laboratory surveillance data from the intervention period with 9-year historical influenza season control data. Methods: We obtained epidemiologic data on laboratory influenza A and B detections and test volumes from the Canadian national influenza surveillance system for the epidemiologic period December 29, 2019 (epidemiologic week 1) through May 2, 2020 (epidemiologic week 18). COVID-19-related social distancing measures were implemented in Canada from epidemiologic week 10 of this period. We compared influenza A and B laboratory detections and test volumes and trends in detection during the 2019–20 influenza season with those of the previous nine influenza seasons for evidence of changes in epidemiologic trends. Results: While influenza detections the week prior to the implementation of social distancing measures did not differ statistically from the previous nine seasons, a steep decline in positivity occurred between epidemiologic weeks 10 and 14 (March 8–April 4, 2020). Both the percent positive on week 14 (p≤0.001) and rate of decline between weeks 10 and 14 (p=0.003) were significantly different from mean historical data. Conclusion: The data show a dramatic decrease in influenza A and B laboratory detections concurrent with social distancing measures and nonpharmaceutical interventions in Canada. The impact of these measures on influenza transmission may be generalizable to other respiratory viral illnesses during the study period, including COVID-19.
Designing tailored interventions to address barriers to vaccination
Authors: Habersaat Katrine , MacDonald Noni E , Dubé Ève`
Published: April 2021

Despite efforts to promote vaccination and make vaccination services easily accessible, vaccination coverage rates remain below the target rate for many vaccines in various jurisdictions. The Tailoring Immunization Programmes (TIP) approach was developed by the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe to support efforts of countries to achieve high and equitable vaccination uptake. In this Canadian Vaccination Evidence Resource and Exchange Centre (CANVax) series, we present key insights from the TIP planning framework to assist vaccine program planners, policy makers and vaccine providers to identify the interventions that will lead to increased vaccine uptake. The TIP is a phased approach that involves the following: 1) a clear diagnosis of the root cause of low vaccination; 2) an intervention based on this understanding; and 3) an evaluation of the implementation process and the impact of the interventions. At the provider-patient level, the approaches and insights of the TIP planning framework could inform vaccination consultation by emphasizing the importance of engaging with and listening to the patients and caregivers, and responding to their needs.
Operational competencies rooted in resource theory: operations strategy and supply chain performance
Authors: Zatta Fernando Nascimento , Tambosi Filho Elmo , Freitas Rodrigo Randow , Gonçalves Wellington , Oliveira Rodrigo Ribeiro , Segura Liliane Cristina , Formigoni Henrique , Schirrmeister Renata
Published: April 2021

This study discusses the influence of internal and relational resources on the performance of purchasing companies in which strategic suppliers are involved in their business processes, through interaction with operational competencies. The discussion of competency development has followed an internal focus on the company influenced by the resource-based view. In turn, the relational view proposes strategies of interorganizational cooperation to develop competitive relationships through short- and long-term collaborative actions. This study fills an important gap in the field of resource theory in Latin America. The results show that relational vision categories, when integrated with operational competences, influence business performance.
Investigating the impacts of personality traits on collaborative consumption intention of luxury fashion products among middle-aged women
Authors: Navia Christian Rodil , Khire Rushikesh Ulhas , Lyver Maurice
Published: April 2021

Collaborative consumption (CC) refers to the shared use of products or services in order to save costs and redistribute resources in a more sustainable way among the different agents participating in sharing economies. With the rapid popularity of CC in recent years, more and more academic research has been carried out on CC, but research exploring the impact of personality traits on consumer behavior is largely limited. To our best knowledge, existing research fails to explore CC applied to the luxury apparel context. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the impact of consumer personality traits on their attitudes and intention toward CC of luxury fashion products. This study draws a framework based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) model introducing key personality traits, particularly, materialism, fashion leadership, and need for uniqueness as CC attitude and CC intention predictors. This research uses PLS-SEM technique to analyze the data collected through a questionnaire administered to middle-aged Spanish women. The results indicate that fashion leadership had a positive influence on attitude toward CC and CC intention. Secondly, we found that consumer need for uniqueness significantly influenced attitude but had no significant impact on intention. Materialism on the other hand did not display a significant relationship with either CC attitude or intention. By contrast, attitude towards CC was determined to have a strong positive influence on CC intention. We believe that the findings as well as the proposed research model can be helpful to managers when developing CC based business models and valuable to academics in developing related theories.
Reaching more customers, delving into the unknown
Authors: Viltard Leandro Adolfo
Published: April 2021

Organizations have ineffective information management practices, and improper analytical methods and tools for innovations. As a consequence, customers are not appropriately reached, decision-making is compromised and –unfortunately- most innovations don’t achieve the desired results. In this sense and through the study of Disruptive Innovation Theory (DIT) and Job To Be Done Theory (JTBDT) –developed by Harvard Professor Clayton Christensen- it is pointed out that a novel universe of value is created for small firms and incumbents in their innovation environments. In other words, “unrevealed” areas of opportunities (or Disrupted Innovation Theory, DIT) and “undisclosed” products (Job-To-Be-Done Theory, JTBDT) take place, allowing a wide range of new organizational and social development, not only a different/better/worse known market or product. This result in an additional distinction between two antagonistic fields that coexist in the current business context: the known field (referred to sustaining innovations) and the unknown one (connected with DI and JTBD). Managers are urged to understand their differences, and theories/tools must be reconsidered to manage those opposite worlds. Therefore, the hypothesis of this investigation –which was corroborated- states that a deep understanding of DIT and JTBDT can help to reach more customers with adapted products, and to wider develop organizations and markets. It was utilized a qualitative methodology, with an exploratory descriptive study. The design was non-experimental and -within them- transversal, since the information was collected at a given moment of time.
Literary Reviewing and the Velocity of Book Histories in Times of Digitization
Authors: Straub Julia
Published: April 2021

Web 2.0 has enabled a wide variety of practices and processes involved in the production, dissemination and reception of literary works to take place in an interactive environment. Concepts of authorship, the book as such, but also literary reviewing have undergone significant changes as a result, leading, for example, to the rise of the amateur critic. The case of Kristen Roupenian’s short story “Cat Person” (2017), published both in print and online byThe New Yorkermagazine, and its “going viral”, illustrate the speed and alacrity with which literary works today undergo evaluation and how different these kinds of discursive practices are in comparison to more traditional notions of literary reviewing. In the light of this velocity of reception processes, this article re-examines existing theories of literary value and evaluation (as in the form of reviewing and as postulated, e. g., by Barbara Herrnstein Smith) and their relation to book history.
Competitively-Issued Convertible Bank Notes in a Theory of Finance: Earl Thompson Meets Fischer Black
Authors: Hendrickson Joshua R.
Published: April 2021

In this paper, I show the validity of and the relationship between two previously unrelated claims in monetary theory. The first claim, made by Earl Thompson, is that privately-issued bank notes pay a positive rate of return in a competitive equilibrium. The second claim, made by Fischer Black, is that it is possible to have a gold standard in which the gold reserves of the central bank are near zero. I show that both of these claims are correct under the assumption of complete markets and perfect commitment. The link between these claims is the Black-Scholes equation applied to convertible bank notes. In commodity-based monetary systems, bank notes are perpetual American options. I extend the model to consider the implications of a lack of commitment on the part of the bank and incomplete markets. I show that both arguments break down when banks lack commitment to redemption or markets are incomplete. I conclude with implications for macroeconomic theory.
Mechanism underlying sevoflurane-induced protection in cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Chen Bing , Lin Minqiu , Chen Simiao , Chen Weiyan , Song Jingmei , Zhang Yuyan
Published: April 2021

Cerebral ischemia is an extremely complex disease that can be caused by a variety of factors. Cerebral ischemia can cause great harm to human body. Sevoflurane is a volatile anesthetic that is frequently used in clinic, and has a lot of advantages, such as quick induction of general anesthesia, quick anesthesia recovery, no respiratory tract irritation, muscle relaxation, and small cycle effect. The mechanism of sevoflurane preconditioning or post-treatment induction is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the mechanism underlying sevoflurane-induced protection in cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury and also provide theoretical guidance for future research.
NAO-CNR: The Italian voice at IUPAC
Authors: Guidotti Matteo , Paci Augusta Maria , Peruzzini Maurizio
Published: April 2021

Italy was a founding member of IUPAC in 1919. Italian participation is still vivid thanks to the proactive, collaborative spirit that motivated its initial support of the establishment of IUPAC. The National Research Council, CNR, the largest research institution for public research in the country, is the official representative of Italy at IUPAC through the National Commission operating as the IUPAC National Adhering Organization.
New approach in process intensification based on subcritical water, as green solvent, in propolis oil in water nanoemulsion preparation
Authors: Ghavidel Fatemeh , Javadi Afshin , Anarjan Navideh , Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda
Published: April 2021

Subcritical water was used to provide propolis oil in water (O/W) nanoemulsions. To monitor and detect the main bioactive compounds of the prepared propolis extract, gas chromatography demonstrated that there were 47 bioactive materials in the propolis extract, among which pinostrobin chalcone and pinocembrin were the two key components. Effectiveness of two processing parameters such as the amount of saponin (0.5–2.0 g) and propolis extract (0.1–0.6 g), on particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and antioxidant activity of the provided nanoemulsions, was evaluated. Results demonstrated that more desirable propolis O/W nanoemulsion, with minimum particle size (144.06 nm) and PDI (0.286), and maximum zeta potential (−21.71 mV) and antioxidant activity (90.86%) were made using 0.50 g of saponin and 0.53 g of propolis extract. Further analysis revealed that the prepared nanoemulsion based on optimum processing conditions had spherical shaped propolis nanodroplets in the colloidal solution with turbidity and maximum broad absorption peak of 0.08 a.u. and 292 nm, respectively. The prepared nanoemulsion had high antibacterial activity against both selected bacteria strains namely, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
Co-processing of hydrodeoxygenation and hydrodesulfurization of phenol and dibenzothiophene with NiMo/Al2O3–ZrO2 and NiMo/TiO2–ZrO2 catalysts
Authors: Tavizón Pozos Jesús Andrés , Esquivel Gerardo Chávez , Cervantes Arista Ignacio , de los Reyes Heredia José Antonio , Suárez Toriello Víctor Alejandro
Published: April 2021

The influence of Al2O3–ZrO2 and TiO2–ZrO2 supports on NiMo-supported catalysts at a different sulfur concentration in a model hydrodeoxygenation (HDO)-hydrodesulfurization (HDS) co-processing reaction has been studied in this work. A competition effect between phenol and dibenzothiophene (DBT) for active sites was evidenced. The competence for the active sites between phenol and DBT was measured by comparison of the initial reaction rate and selectivity at two sulfur concentrations (200 and 500 ppm S). NiMo/TiO2–ZrO2 was almost four-fold more active in phenol HDO co-processed with DBT than NiMo/Al2O3–ZrO2 catalyst. Consequently, more labile active sites are present on NiMo/TiO2–ZrO2 than in NiMo/Al2O3–ZrO2 confirmed by the decrease in co-processing competition for the active sites between phenol and DBT. DBT molecules react at hydrogenolysis sites (edge and rim) preferentially so that phenol reacts at hydrogenation sites (edge and edge). However, the hydrogenated capacity would be lost when the sulfur content was increased. In general, both catalysts showed similar functionalities but different degrees of competition according to the highly active NiMoS phase availability. TiO2–ZrO2 as the support provided weaker metal-support interaction than Al2O3–ZrO2, generating a larger fraction of easily reducible octahedrally coordinated Mo- and Ni-oxide species, causing that NiMo/TiO2–ZrO2 generated precursors of MoS2 crystallites with a longer length and stacking but with a higher degree of Ni-promotion than NiMo/Al2O3–ZrO2 catalyst.
The feasibility and acceptability of hypnotherapy among overweight and obese individuals in a Malaysia’s public university
Authors: Roslim Nurul Afiedia , Ahmad Aryati , Mansor Mardiana , Aung Myat Moe Thwe , Hamzah Farrahdilla , Lua Pei Lin
Published: April 2021

Objectives

The global epidemic of overweight and obesity presents a major challenge in the health status of the society. Their prevalence is at an alarming rate worldwide due to poor compliance with conventional treatment and high rates of relapse, thus increasing demand for an effective and safe alternative approach such as hypnotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of hypnotherapy for weight loss and to compare these among selected socio-demographics.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 30 students and staff of a public university in Terengganu, Malaysia using convenience sampling. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS 23.0.

Results

Among the respondents (age = 26.17 ± 8.23 years; female = 66.7%; students = 63.3%), 40.0% were overweight and 60.0% were obese. Results indicated excellent feasibility as determined by participants’ satisfaction towards the clarity of hypnotherapist’s voice (93.3%), the suitability of content (86.7%) and time spent for the session (90.0%). Good overall acceptability (>60.0%) was also reported regarding hypnotherapist professionalism, the environment and perceived usefulness of hypnotherapy. Obese individuals were significantly more satisfied towards the hypnotherapist environment than overweight respondents (p=0.015). Additionally, no adverse effects were reported after the intervention.

Conclusions

This evidence signalled that hypnotherapy is a promising alternative tool in assisting overweight and obese individuals to lose weight. Extensive research is needed to substantiate its role in weight management programs for its full benefits.
Effect of yoga on plasma glucose, lipid profile, blood pressure and insulin requirement in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kurian Jintu , Vijayakumar Venugopal , Mooventhan A. , Mavathur Ramesh
Published: April 2021

Objectives

The objective of the study is to evaluate the short-term effect of yoga on plasma glucose, lipid profile, blood pressure and insulin requirement in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Case presentation

A 28-years old female was diagnosed with T1DM at the age of seven. She was under Human Mixtard insulin 30-70, thrice/day for 15-15-15 units. She had a history of poor glycemic control, diabetic ketoacidosis and hypoglycemic shock. At the age of 27, she got admitted with complaints of general weakness, joints stiffness and weight loss in our holistic health centre and underwent two weeks of yoga. Results showed a better reduction in the plasma glucose levels, lipid profile, blood pressure and insulin dose and an increase in hemoglobin levels with no episodes of hypoglycemia after yoga.

Conclusions

Yoga might be considered as a safer and effective adjuvant in the management of T1DM.
Avocado/soy unsaponifiables can redress the balance between serum antioxidant and oxidant levels in patients with osteoarthritis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study
Authors: Jangravi Zohreh , Basereh Saeed , Zaree Mahmoudabadi Ali , Saberi Mehdi , Alishiri Gholam Hossein , Korani Mohsen
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory disorder of the joint characterized by pain and stiffness. Oxidative stress plays an important role in pathogenesis of OA. We aimed to evaluate the effects of avocado/soy unsaponifiables (ASU) compound on serum antioxidant and oxidative stress in patients with Osteoarthritis.

Methods

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial was performed. Fourty patients with osteoarthritis were randomized to two different sequences: 1) DP: received ASU for three months followed by three months placebo, 2) PD: received placebo for the first three months followed by three months ASU. The oxidant statue was evaluated by measurement of serum malonldialdehyde (MDA). The total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were also assessed.

Results

Mean serum of MDA level as a marker of oxidative stress significantly decreased in all patients after three months treatment with ASU (4.46 ± 0.11 nmol/L) compare with baseline and placebo levels (5 ± 0.15 and 5.82 ± 0.12 nmol/L respectively) (p<0.05). On the other hand, ASU resulted in positive changes in serum antioxidant levels (p<0.05). Mixed-effects model of variance analyses showed that ASU effect is regardless of the order of receiving medication (p>0.05).

Conclusions

These data showed that Avocado/Soy Unsaponifiable can be an effective supplement in treatment of osteoarthritis through the control of the balance between antioxidant and oxidant molecular markers.
Effects of Tai Chi and running on blood oxygen saturation: a pilot study
Authors: Gryffin P. Anthony , Diaz Rafael E.
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Large drops in blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) to levels as low as 84% was observed following Tai Chi practice, during a study on the effects of Tai Chi on SpO2. The objectives of the current pilot study were to determine if this was a statistically significant drop, and how SpO2 levels compared to an aerobic activity such as running, in pre, concurrent, and post measurements.

Methods

Repeated measures of blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) were taken of a 50-year-old male before, during and for 1 min after TC and running.

Results

Measurements of SpO2 before, during, and after TC resulted in a statistically significant increase in SpO2 during TC (p=1.69e-06), and a statistically significant (p=1.71e-06) brief momentary drop from resting levels, as low as 87% SpO2. Running showed no significant change in pre and post levels, with a significant change and decrease in SpO2 during running (p=1.1e-08), suggesting increased oxygen use by the large muscle groups during exercise. SpO2 returned to normal resting levels following running with no post drop. Results suggest a higher rate of oxygen metabolism during TC, with a potential effect on hypoxic (oxygen deficient) areas of the body.

Conclusions

Findings suggest direct and unique effects on enhanced blood oxygen saturation and oxygen metabolism, which may underlie benefits for conditions complicated by hypoxia, including cardiopulmonary disease, immunity, chronic pain, and arthritis.
Finite-dimensional boundary uniform stabilization of the Boussinesq system in Besov spaces by critical use of Carleman estimate-based inverse theory
Authors: Lasiecka Irena , Priyasad Buddhika , Triggiani Roberto
Published: April 2021

We consider the 𝑑-dimensional Boussinesq system defined on a sufficiently smooth bounded domain and subject to a pair

{
v
,
u
}

\{v,\boldsymbol{u}\}

of controls localized on

{

Γ
~

,
ω
}

\{\widetilde{\Gamma},\omega\}

.
Here, 𝑣 is a scalar Dirichlet boundary control for the thermal equation, acting on an arbitrarily small connected portion

Γ
~

\widetilde{\Gamma}

of the boundary

Γ
=

∂
⁡
Ω

\Gamma=\partial\Omega

.
Instead, 𝒖 is a 𝑑-dimensional internal control for the fluid equation acting on an arbitrarily small collar 𝜔 supported by

Γ
~

\widetilde{\Gamma}

.
The initial conditions for both fluid and heat equations are taken of low regularity.
We then seek to uniformly stabilize such Boussinesq system in the vicinity of an unstable equilibrium pair, in the critical setting of correspondingly low regularity spaces, by means of an explicitly constructed, finite-dimensional feedback control pair

{
v
,
u
}

\{v,\boldsymbol{u}\}

localized on

{

Γ
~

,
ω
}

\{\widetilde{\Gamma},\omega\}

.
In addition, they will be minimal in number and of reduced dimension; more precisely, 𝒖 will be of dimension

(

d
-
1

)

(d-1)

, to include necessarily its 𝑑-th component, and 𝑣 will be of dimension 1.
The resulting space of well-posedness and stabilization is a suitable, tight Besov space for the fluid velocity component (close to

L
3

⁢

(
Ω
)

\boldsymbol{L}^{3}(\Omega)

for

d
=
3

d=3

) and a corresponding Besov space for the thermal component,

q
>
d

q>d

.
Unique continuation inverse theorems for suitably over-determined adjoint static problems play a critical role in the constructive solution.
Their proof rests on Carleman-type estimates, a topic pioneered by M. V. Klibanov since the early 80s.
Thermodynamic Characterization of Red Blood Cell Suspension and Band 3 Protein Oxy-Deoxygenating Functionality: Comparative Study
Authors: Farsaci Francesco , Tellone Ester , Russo Annamaria , Galtieri Antonio , Ficarra Silvana
Published: April 2021

The importance of studying storage alterations in erythrocytes is highlighted by the need to understand changes that could potentially serve to optimize the storage system. With this aim, the non-equilibrium thermodynamic theory with internal variables was introduced, and perturbing the erythrocyte samples with a harmonic electric field some functions of the theory have been determined varying in the perturbation frequency. A frequency has been noted that acts as a separator element between two states showing a different entropy production above and below this frequency. In stored red blood cells compared to fresh ones, the increase in entropy production measured shows a greater state of disorder in the latter. Further alterations have been highlighted on the surface charge density of the stored erythrocyte membrane and on the speed of anionic kinetics. All these observations highlight the image of membrane structural and functional alterations of the stored erythrocytes and lead to the elaboration of a technique able to correlate a specific perturbation frequency with the aging time of red blood cells.
Wear behavior and microstructure of Fe-C-Si-Cr-B-Ni hardfacing alloys
Authors: Öztürk Zeynep Taslicukur
Published: April 2021

This study aims to investigate the relationship between wear resistance and microstructure of a hardfacing alloy Fe-C-Si-Cr-B-Ni system as well as investigating ways of improving the hardness of the hard facing layer through the addition of nickel to achieve a finer granular microstructure. Three hardfacing alloys are used for overlaying. Ferroboron (FeB) and Ferronickel(FeNi), are added to the massive wire during the welding process. A hardness test, microscopic characterization and wear analysis are carried out on the samples. The surfaces of the samples are examined using scanning electron micsoscope in order to better understand the wear mechanism. At room temperature, wear occurs through a combination of abrasive grooving and local delamination. Microstructure and hardness affect the wear resistance of the alloys. Test results shows that as hardness increases, wear resistance increases.
Effect of hydrothermal aging on the mechanical properties of nanocomposite pipes
Authors: Gunoz Alper , Kepir Yusuf , Kara Memduh
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study is to minimize the decrease in the mechanical properties of materials exposed to environmental conditions by adding nano additives, thereby increasing service life. It has been reported in the literature that boron nitride nanoparticles (BNNP), a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), and hybrid (MWCNT + BNNP) nano additives improve the mechanical properties of FRPs and increase their lifetime. For this reason, in this study, filament wound BNNP, MWCNT, and MWCNT + BNNP hybrid reinforced carbon fiber epoxy composite pipes (CFRPs) were produced with (± 55°)4 configurations and 8 layers. Then, composite pipes were exposed to the hydrothermal aging process in distilled water at 80 °C for 7, 14, and 21 days in order to examine the effects of hot water absorption behavior on mechanical properties such as hardness, and density. The hardness and density measurements were realized in accordance with ASTM standards. The hardness, and density properties of water exposed BNNP, MWCNT, and MWCNT + BNNP hybrid reinforced and non-reinforced CFRPs were examined and compared with unexposed specimens according to ASTM standards. As a result of this study, it was observed that the hardness and density values of the specimens exposed to aging reinforced with nano-sized material were even higher than the hardness and density values of the neat epoxy unexposed to aging. Consequently, although water absorption caused a loss in the mechanical properties of the material, the negative effects of water absorption were minimized thanks to the added nano additives.
Effect of using different chemically modified breadfruit peel fiber in the reinforcement of LDPE composite
Authors: Government Rabboni Mike , Okeke Edozie Thompson , Oladimeji Azeez Taofik , Ani Amechi Kingsley , Onukwuli Okechukwu Dominic , Odera Raphael Stone
Published: April 2021

This paper was based on the application of novel breadfruit peel fiber (BFPF), a cheap agro-waste as reinforcer in low-density polyethylene matrix (LDPE) to produce breadfruit peel fiber-low-density-polyethylene composite (BFPF-LDPE) for industrial production. To achieve this, the influence of BFPF weight at different treatment routes on the mechanical properties and water absorption resistance of LDPE was examined. The BFPF was modified with sodium hydroxide (MS), sodium hydroxide/acetic acid (AM) and sodium hydroxide/acetic acid/maleated polyethylene (MM). The results showed that the treatment of BFPF with sodium hydroxide/acetic acid/maleated polyethylene gave better properties than composites produced with either sodium hydroxide or combination of sodium hydroxide/ acetic acid treatment, while untreated (UM) composite provided the poorest. This is a result of anhydride radical in MM which is absent in AM and MS. However, the tensile and impact strength for the crude LDPE indicated higher values than UM, MS, AM and MM of BFPF-LDPE composite, respectively. Furthermore, the tensile modulus, flexural strength and hardness of BFPF-LDPE composite after inclusion of UM, MS, AM and MM showed immense improvement as compared to the raw LDPE. The modified BFPF enhanced sorption resistance of the BFPF-LDPE composite. Therefore, the BFPF-LDPE composite of MM can be applied as an alternative material for the replacement of particle board in construction and automobile parts.
Structural and optical properties of pure ZnO and Al/Cu co-doped ZnO semiconductor thin films and electrical characterization of photodiodes
Authors: Demirbilek Nihat , Yakuphanoğlu Fahrettin , Kaya Mehmet
Published: April 2021

Nano-structured semiconductor thin films and p-type Si photodiodes were fabricated with the sol-gel spin coating technique using pure ZnO and co-doped ZnO:Alx:Cuy with x = 1 at.-%, y = 1, 2, 3, 5 at.-%. The structural and optical properties of thin films were examined using an XRD and a UV-spectrophotometer. The thin films have a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure, and their optical band gap energies decrease with increasing Cu contribution. The electrical properties of photodiodes were assessed via I-V, C-V, (G/ω)-V and phototransient current (I-t, C-t) measurements. The Φ
b(I-V), experimental zero-bias barrier height, rectification ratio, ideality factor and Ion/Ioff parameters of the diodes were calculated using thermoionic emission model. In addition, Φ
b(C-V), barrier height, Vbi, built-in voltage, Vd, diffusion potential, Nd, donor concentration and Wd, depletion layer width of p-Si/ZnO:Alx:Cuy (x = 1 at.-%, y = 1 at.-%.) photodiodes were obtained using a C-2-V graph plotted at 1 MHz frequency. The photodiodes exhibit rectifying and photosensitive behaviors, and their reverse bias current increases with increasing light intensity. These results indicate that produced diodes can be employed as photodiodes or photosensors in optoelectronic circuits and electronic devices.
Wet route pellets production using primary sludge from kraft pulp mill
Authors: Rodrigues Bruna Virgínia Cunha , de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro Angélica , Silva Claudio Mudadu , Torres Caio Moreira Miquelino Eleto , de Magalhães Mateus Alves
Published: April 2021

The substantial expansion of the Brazilian pulp and paper industry in the last years resulted in a significant increase in the solid waste generation. This paper investigates the production of pellets using primary sludge from the effluent treatment plant of a kraft pulp mill, as a fuel for producing energy, using a novel wet route process. The pellet samples were produced in a laboratory pelletizing press, which has a horizontal circular matrix. The samples were characterized by moisture content, high heating value, ash content, dimensions (diameter and length), mechanical durability and fines content. The net heating value and energetic density were also measured. The pellets manufactured with primary sludge were compared to the European standard for non-woody pellets. Pelletization caused a reduction of the moisture content by 37.8 %, and increased the net heating value by 41 % and bulk density by approximately 39 %, which resulted in a 263 % increase in the material´s energetic density. Pellet production using a wet route process was appropriate for the primary sludge, and produced pellets with a high mechanical durability (99.3 %) and low fines content (0.062 %), indicating the potential of thermal valorization for incineration in the biomass boiler to produce high-quality steam.
Fabrication of rosemary essential oil microcapsules and using in active packaging
Authors: Arman Kandirmaz Emine
Published: April 2021

Essential oils are interesting plant extracts that are used for preservation in food field. They can be used in antibacterial food packaging systems. The disadvantage of essential oils is that they degrade due to light and heat and lose their biological activity. Encapsulation techniques enable essential oils to be protected them. In this study wall material maltodextrin and whey protein concentrate were used. The emulsions were prepared with rosemary oil and wall material. Freeze dried capsules were synthesized. The encapsulation efficiencies, surface morphologies and particle size distributions were determined. In addition, the paper coating formulations were prepared with rosemary oil capsule by different concentrations and applicate them onto the paper. Antimicrobial test was applied to both gram negative and positive bacteria on the coated papers. In addition, color, gloss and contact angle were measured by spectrophotometer, glossmeter and goniometer, respectively. The offset test prints were made on the coated papers, and the color and gloss of the prints were measured and the color changes were calculated. As a result, capsules with rosemary oil were produced. It was determined that rosemary coated papers showed activity against E. coli bacteria and this paper could be used in active food packaging.
Synthetic approaches to 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF): a stable bio-based diol
Authors: Aricò Fabio
Published: April 2021

Biorefinery is defined as a sustainable process where biomass is converted in a spectrum of marketable products and fuels. In this view, C6 furan-based compounds, usually referred as furanics, have been extensively investigated as aromatic promising building blocks from renewables. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) are well known examples of furanics whose syntheses and applications have been extensively reviewed in the literature. Herein for the first time it is reported a comprehensive overview on the synthetic procedures to another bio-derived furan compounds, i.e. 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF), a stable bio-based diol with numerous applications as monomer for bio-materials and fuels. Advantages and limitations of the different synthetic approaches are addressed, as well as possible future developments to render this compound part of the biorefinery market.
Traditional uses, biological activities, and phytochemicals ofLecaniodiscus cupanioides: a review
Authors: Ojo Olusesan , Ndinteh Derek T.
Published: April 2021

Medicinal plants are indispensable source of therapeutic agents, and have proved to be “warehouse” of lead drug candidates.Lecaniodiscus cupanioidesPlanch. ex Benth is a medicinal tree plant that is extensively distributed in both Asia and Africa. The species has many ethnomedicinal uses in the treatment of fever, cough, typhoid, wound, skin infection, measles, jaundice, diabetes, sexual dysfunction, cancer, bone fracture, and as galactogogues. In the recent decades, the extracts and phytochemicals ofL. cupanioideshave been investigated to possess antibacterial, anticancer, aphrodisiac, antifungal, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, antiprotozoal, antioxidant, antidiarrhoeal, analgesic and ameliorative properties. However, triterpenoids which have been linked to its anticancer and antifungal actions, are the only isolated active constituents identified from the species despite the results of the phytochemical screenings and reported biological activities. Moreover, the mechanisms of action of the extracts and active components are yet to be fully elucidated. This paper provides a general review on the ethnomedicinal, phytochemicals, and biological activities ofL. cupanioides, and lays a solid foundation for future investigations on the plant.
Sozialer Kohleausstieg oder zusätzliche Entschädigung der Industrie?
Authors: Haywood Luke , Janser Markus , Koch Nicolas
Published: April 2021

Das im Sommer 2020 beschlossene, staatlich finanzierte Anpassungsgeld soll einen möglichst sozialen Beschäftigungsabbau im Rahmen des Kohleausstiegs unterstützen. Die Analyse aller Erwerbsbiographien im Braunkohlebergbau zeigt, dass die Regelung erhebliche Mitnahmeeffekte verursacht. Braunkohleunternehmen profitieren von deutlichen Einsparungen, da die gängige Praxis betrieblicher Frühverrentungsprogramme nun nicht mehr notwendig ist. Das Anpassungsgeld könnte so auch als zusätzliche Entschädigung für die Industrie betrachtet werden. Mithilfe von Sozialversicherungsdaten aller Beschäftigten zeigen Szenarioanalysen, dass ein starker Beschäftigungsrückgang auch ohne Anpassungsgeld zu erwarten ist: Die Braunkohleindustrie ist von niedrigem Renteneintrittsalter und einer alternden Belegschaft gekennzeichnet. Das Anpassungsgeld wird diesen Prozess allenfalls kurzfristig beschleunigen – und dabei erhebliche staatliche Kosten verursachen.
Roles of glia-derived extracellular vesicles in central nervous system diseases: an update
Authors: Sun Hao , Su Xiaojuan , Li Shiping , Mu Dezhi , Qu Yi
Published: April 2021

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous vesicles secreted by various cells in the extracellular space. Accumulating evidence shows that EVs regulate cell-to-cell communication and signaling in the pathological processes of various diseases by carrying proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids to recipient cells. Glia-derived EVs act as a double-edged sword in the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. They may be vectors for the spread of diseases or act as effective clearance systems to protect tissues. In this review, we summarize recent studies on glia-derived EVs with a focus on their relationships with CNS diseases.
Slavic Alpine micro-varieties as part of an “Alpensprachbund”?
Authors: Pila Malinka
Published: April 2021

This chapter deals with some characteristics of two more-or-less isolated Slavic varieties in the south-eastern Alps: Resian and Carinthian Slovene, whose nearest relative among the Slavic standard languages is Slovene. Both have been for centuries in situations of total language contact with Romance and Germanic varieties. I will concentrate on thecomepassive. At least in Resian, it developed due to direct Romance influence, which could be claimed to be the overall reason for this grammatical feature in the Alps. The situation in Molise Slavic in southern Italy will serve as a point of comparison.
Automated quality assessment of inkjet-printed microlens arrays
Authors: Schambach Maximilian , Zhang Qiaoshuang , Lemmer Uli , Heizmann Michael
Published: April 2021

Recently, inkjet-printed microoptics, such as microlens arrays, have become popular in scientific research as well as industrial applications due to the fast prototyping and production. Naturally, the process parameters have a strong influence on the printed end results. However, optimization of these parameters requires expert knowledge and manual quality control which is subjective and error-prone. To overcome these limitations, we propose an automated evaluation pipeline utilizing both light and confocal microscope images as well as multiple quality measures to quantitatively evaluate the quality of the printed microlens arrays, including the individual microlens radii, sag heights, and focal lengths, as well as the array’s grid parameters.
Mehr als eine Fußnote!
Authors: Wentker Hermann
Published: April 2021

Die Erforschung der DDR-Geschichte ist notwendig, um gegenwärtige Problemlagen wie die in Ostdeutschland heute erkennbaren Spannungen besser zu verstehen, die zumindest teilweise in den Jahren zwischen 1945 und 1990 wurzeln. Zudem geht es um das nach wie vor aktuelle historiografische Problem, neue Fragen an die DDR als Teil der deutschen und europäischen Geschichte zu stellen. Die Autorinnen und Autoren des Podiums Zeitgeschichte thematisieren zunächst die Geschichte der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone (Jürgen John) und der frühen DDR (Elke Scherstjanoi). Petra Weber befasst sich dann mit der Gesellschaftsgeschichte der DDR im deutsch-deutschen Kontext, Frieder Günther stellt Überlegungen zur Behördenforschung im Ost-West-Vergleich an, und Florian Peters sucht nach dem historischen Ort der DDR in der Geschichte des östlichen Europa. Den Abschluss bilden Betrachtungen von Michael Schwartz zur Rolle der DDR in der Geschichte der zeithistorischen Transformationen seit den 1980er Jahren.
Utilization of biochar and Trichoderma harzianum to promote growth of shallot and remediate lead-contaminated soil
Authors: Herliana Okti , Ahadiyat Yugi R , Cahyani Wilis
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to determine the effect of biochar and Trichoderma harzianum toward lead removal in soil, lead absorption, lead content in plant tissue also growth and yield of shallot cultivated on lead-contaminated soil. The experimental design used was a completely factorial randomized block design consisting of 2 factors. The first factor was corn cobs biochar which was applied 1 week after basic fertilizer treatment and consisted of 4 levels, namely B0: without biochar, B1: 2.5 t ha-1, B2: 5 t ha-1, and B3: 10 t ha-1. The second factor was the dosage of liquid of Trichoderma harzianum, namely TR0: without T.harzianum, TR1: 10 mL L-1, and TR2: 20 mL L-1, which was applied three times at 14, 28 and 42 days after planting. Data were analyzed using the F test and continued with DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) at P= 0.05 level. The results showed that the application of 5 t biochar ha-1 was able to remove lead and decreased lead uptake in plants. Application of T. harzianum could remove and decrease absorption in plant tissue biochar was not able to increase the growth of shallot while T. harzianum increased the number of leaves and the number of tubers.