bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Britain’s Authoritarian Ascendancy
Authors: du Rivage Justin
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines the political evolution of the mother country as authoritarian reformers exploited the social, political, and economic concerns of the landed elite to seize control of the state. Even as Grenville angrily exited the political stage, authoritarian reformers continued to argue for debt reduction, low wages, and a refurbished empire. Unsurprisingly, establishment and radical Whigs remained sharply critical of this new vision of politics. Despite the continuing opposition of radicals and establishment Whigs, however, authoritarian reformers used their power, not only to pass the Townshend Duties and Massachusetts Government Act, but also to reform British government in India.
Proving the Case
Authors: Lockwood Matthew
Published: January 2018

The chapter argues that over the course of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, medical testimony was increasingly sought in coroners’ inquests and that by at least the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries medical knowledge and forensic medicine was already sophisticated enough to provide an accurate assessment of the majority of medical evidence that was regularly encountered. However, it is further argued that forensic medicine and medical testimony, even when perfectly competent and accurate, were in no way necessary for effective policing or criminal investigation. Instead, it is demonstrated that, then as now, a combination of local knowledge, communal policing and witness testimony was the key to effective policing and criminal investigation. Thus, even if forensic medicine was not sufficiently advanced by the sixteenth century to detect all violent deaths, the crucial tools for effective regulation of lethal violence—witnesses’ testimony and communal knowledge—were in place throughout the early modern period. As such, the question of whether or not the primitive nature early modern forensic medicine was a barrier to the effective regulation of inter-personal violence is immaterial. Instead, the chapter concludes that criminal investigation was efficient and effective enough to maintain the state’s monopoly of violence.
Introduction
Authors: Anhalt Emily Katz
Published: January 2018

This book examines three ancient Greek myths—Homer's Iliad, Euripides' Hecuba, and Sophocles' Ajax—to illustrate the costs of rage and identify crucial prerequisites for the nonviolent resolution of conflicts. Performed publicly as epic songs or tragic plays, ancient Greek myths expose tyranny and violence as universal toxins capable of destroying both perpetrator and victim. They emphasize the self-destructiveness of rage and undermine the traditional equation of vengeance with justice, but they also remind their audiences that human beings have better options for dealing with one another. The book analyzes the critique of rage in Iliad, which addresses the misuse of power and questions the utility of vengeance, and Hecuba and Ajax, both of which commend verbal persuasion over physical violence but also underscore the ambivalent potential of persuasive speech.
The Aspirational Ethos: Gender, Consumerism, and Labor
Authors: Duffy Brooke Erin
Published: January 2018

This chapter argues that the gendered history of the producer/consumer binary is a multifarious one, structured through evolving norms about women's social positioning within various spheres, most especially the public and private domains. Fortunately, these rudimentary—and overwhelmingly patriarchal—norms have been challenged on a number of fronts, and once-airtight boundaries are being slowly effaced. Yet the specter of traditional, gender-based divisions lingers on. Thus, while female workers have made substantial gains in the labor force since the women's liberation movement, occupational inequalities and social hierarchies persist—though they are much too often brushed aside with narratives about innate “gender differences” or, alternatively, “pipeline problems.”
(Not) Just for the Fun of It: The Labor of Social Media Production
Authors: Duffy Brooke Erin
Published: January 2018

This chapter exposes the deep cracks in narratives of social media leisure and amateurism. It looks at how forms of value-generating, gendered self-expression are rife in the social media world through blogs, vlogs, Instagram, and more. Though these activities are superficially framed as amusement and sociality, this chapter contends that many young women do not produce and promote content just for the fun of it. Rather, they approach social media creation with strategy, purpose, and aspirations of career success. Hence, this chapter explores some of the most salient conditions and features of aspirational labor: narratives of creative expression, relationship-building in online and offline contexts, and modes of individualized self-expression that both reveal and conceal normative feminine consumer behavior.
The Education of Western Europeans
Authors: Strote Noah Benezra
Published: January 2018

This chapter focuses on the Social Democrats and the compromises on values they felt forced to make—particularly the abandonment of their previous platforms of pacifism and internationalism—in order to resonate with West German voters in the climate of the Cold War. In the years after 1953, as the Western Allies turned over sovereign decision-making power over foreign relations to the Federal Republic's government, Germans showed signs of coming to agreement on precisely the issue of values and “ideals” for the German youth that had caused such crisis during Hitler's rise to power in 1933. The common ideal that bound them together was twofold: the value of “Europe” and the foreign policy of “binding to the West.” In the years leading up to 1953, Germans from across the Federal Republic's political spectrum participated in the creation of educational institutions designed to shape a generation of young people capable of overcoming centuries of conflict in a common “European” identity.
Conclusion
Authors: Strote Noah Benezra
Published: January 2018

This concluding chapter argues that Germans themselves imagined the framework for a more stable political structure before the arrival of American troops. The reconstruction of post-Nazi Germany relied so much on the reconciliation of previously conflicting groups that “partnership” became its foundational ideology. The Germans who rebuilt the educational system in the Federal Republic, West Germany's intelligentsia, were the lions and lambs of the Weimar Republic in their youth. They lived through and participated in the social, economic, political, and cultural conflicts that tore apart German society before Hitler's rise. They also witnessed the Nazi attempt to overcome those conflicts, and some supported Hitler publicly before opposing him as he led Europe and the world into a catastrophic war. When this generation of Germans designed courses of education for the rising post-Nazi generations, they celebrated the ideal of partnership precisely to avoid the earlier conflicts.
Conclusion: Evil and the Adequacy of the Earth
Authors: Mutter Matthew
Published: January 2018

This chapter contends that modernists find themselves entangled in a distinctly secular version of the “problem of evil.” As secularists they want to affirm the abundance of the immanent, material world, but this very world seems to resist the desires and needs specific to human personhood. This leads, in different writers, to a critique of “secular humanism” or to a valorization of the world as a scene of conflict. The chapter suggests, however, that Auden’s Christian understanding of secularity is able to elude this problem of evil by relinquishing the expectation that the material world satisfy the desires proper to embodied persons.
We Were Beautiful Gods
Authors: Irmscher Christoph
Published: January 2018

This chapter is devoted to Max Eastman’s tempestuous relationship with the radical actress Florence Deshon (Florence Danks, 1893–1922). On behalf of the People’s Council of America for Democracy and Terms of Peace, Max lectures at great personal risk to large audiences across the nation against American involvement in World War I. Along with fellow contributors to The Masses, he survives two trials for obstructing the military recruitment effort and founds The Liberator, with Crystal as co-editor. He pays tribute to Deshon in a second volume of poetry, Colors of Life (1918), lives with her in Croton, and, after her move to Hollywood, bombards her with love letters. During a visit he introduces her to Charlie Chaplin as well as to Margrethe Mather, who takes significant photographs of Deshon and Max. Florence has an affair with Chaplin, while Max takes up with the dancer Lisa Duncan. Frustrated with Hollywood and Max, Deshon returns to New York, where she dies, likely by her own hand, on February 4, 1922. Max’s book on The Sense of Humor is dedicated to Deshon and evokes her memorable smile.
Malyutochka
Authors: Irmscher Christoph
Published: January 2018

In 1922, Max Eastman travels to Europe to take part in the Genoa Conference, where he meets his future wife, Eliena Krylenko, sister to Nikolai Krylenko, later Stalin’s Commissar of Justice. A prolonged stay in Moscow, where Max tours the Kremlin and attends the Fourth Congress of the Third Communist International, leads to his gradual disenchantment with Bolshevism, though not with Trotsky, whose biography he writes. Living in Sochi on the Black Sea, Max perfects his command of Russian and begins work on a novel. He develops his concept of “social engineering” against Stalin’s attempt to make a religion out of the Communist Party. After marrying Eliena, Max leaves Moscow and lives on the Côte d’Azur and in Paris, implementing his free love philosophy and completing books on Marx, Lenin, and Trotsky. After he publishes Lenin’s “Testament,” with its criticism of Stalin, Trotsky disavows him. In Vienna he meets Freud, who encourages him to write a book about “America the miscarriage.”
Realtor and Realist
Authors: Irmscher Christoph
Published: January 2018

Publicly regarded as right-wing, Eastman defends Dewey against conservative critics but also suspects his former teacher of mistaking the true method of arriving at the truth with the truth itself. Alienating his lover Florence Norton, he marries social worker Yvette Szekely in 1958. He chafes under the “slavery” imposed on him by Reader’s Digest but continues to work for the magazine and develops a new interest in animal studies. Now calling himself a “libertarian conservative,” Max withdraws from National Review, citing his atheism. The second volume of his autobiography, Love and Revolution (1965), completed with the help of critic Daniel Aaron, reminds readers of the puzzling arc of Max’s life. Seven Kinds of Goodness, his final book, with portraits of spiritual leaders from Buddha to Jesus, ends with the encouragement that we make a “jewel of the accident of [our] being.” Max dies on March 26, 1969, in Bridgetown, Barbados, his summer home. His son Daniel, alternately rejected and embraced by his distracted father, follows him a half year later.
Milk Without Growth
Authors: Penniman John David
Published: January 2018

Increasingly suspicious about the efficacy of human wisdom and authority, Augustine of Hippo came to view the possibility of graduating through traditional stages of education as inconsistent with the character of the Christian life he found described in scripture. In this way, he largely abandons the original function of milk, solid food, and the Roman Family as symbols aimed at the transformation of children into their perfect form. The symbolic power of milk for Augustine, like those who came before him, was found within its capacity to transfer familial belonging and a properly formed character. But by the end of his career, the bishop of Hippo had largely emptied milk of its forming power. That is, for Augustine, the nourishment offered within the household of God was milk without growth. This chapter explores the marked process of disillusionment that Augustine’s thinking undergoes and the ways in which this process impacts his understanding of milk, solid food, and the symbolic power of nourishment in the transformation of Christian souls. It concludes by arguing that Augustine came to view milk as, first and foremost, a sign of one’s humility before God and a strategic refusal of the arrogances of intellectual development.
A New Understanding of Racial Subordination
Authors: Brooks Roy L.
Published: January 2018

This chapter introduces three main themes presented in the book. First, racism is not coterminous with racial inequality. The term “racial subordination” is used in a new and more useful way to refer to a non-nefarious external source of racial inequality. This discussion revolves around an illustration that clearly demonstrates the difference between racism and racial subordination. Second, though motivated by a non-nefarious reason, racial subordination is not racial innocence. Allowing racial subordination to persist effectively creates a racial glass ceiling. For that reason, it is bad social policy. Third, even well-to-do blacks are vulnerable to racial subordination. This means that the race problem is not simply a socioeconomic problem requiring a socioeconomic solution. The race problem in post-civil rights America is, in fact, not one but three interrelated problems (a three-headed hydra)—socioeconomic, socio-legal, and socio-cultural with the latter two manifested mainly as racial subordination. This book focuses on the subordination side of the race problem.
Unrelenting Racial Progress
Authors: Brooks Roy L.
Published: January 2018

Beyond the usual coordinates of racism, conventionally defined, and socioeconomic class lies a form of racial inequality that has not been fully studied or developed in scholarly circles or public discussions about the problems African Americans, or blacks, face in our post–Jim Crow society. This form of racial inequality subordinates racial advancement to competing nonracist interests. It disadvantages all blacks, including the rich and famous—Oprah and President Obama—by making it more difficult than it otherwise has to be for blacks to climb out of the abyss of racial degradation wrought by slavery and Jim Crow. Racial degradation strikes at the heart of basic equality; that is, human dignity, equal worth. I call this form of racial inequality racial subordination....
Policy and biopolitics: the event of race-based statistics in Toronto
Authors: Gulson Kalervo N. , Webb P. Taylor
Published: January 2018

This chapter connects race-based violence, ideas of counting and race-based statistics, with ideas about racial biopolitics. The focus is on two events. The first is a 2008 a report into school safety, the Falconer Report, which urged for the use of ‘race-based statistics’ in the Toronto District School Board (TDSB), which reignited the overall move towards Black-focused schooling. We connect this report, and its plea to use race-based statistics in discipline related incidents in schooling, to racial profiling and policing in Toronto in the early 2000s. The chapter concludes with the TDSB decision in 2004-5, to collect race-based statistics, as a second policy event that preceded the Falconer Report.
Extended working life, gender and precarious work in Ireland
Authors: Léime Áine Ní , Duvvury Nata , Finn Caroline
Published: January 2018

This chapter discusses extended working life policies in Ireland from a critical gender and life course perspective. It provides a contextualised discussion of the current nature of women's participation in the labour market, including diversity of occupation and employment status and family friendly policies and discuss how this shapes pension provision. The structure of the pension system is outlined describing women's current outcomes in terms of the type and level of pensions. Next is a discussion of reforms that have been introduced to pensions and employment policy and a consideration of the likely gender implications of these reforms, drawing on experiences in other countries and the OECD's projections. Finally, undertaking new analysis of the most recent data available, the impact of the recession, particularly on precarious employment among older workers is assessed and the impact of health disparities on employment and pension prospects is considered. Possible alternative policy approaches and/or modifications that would ensure that gender equality as well as cost-containment is pursued, are considered.
Brexit nation
Authors: Sutherland Claire
Published: January 2018

This chapter looks at the incipient ‘Brexit nation’ that the UK is today and seeks to understand what motivates individuals’ need for community in the context of a pervasive nationalist mood or atmosphere. It explores the construction of the national ‘Self’ and the foreign ‘Other’ by focusing on some of the ethnic and class divisions that characterise British society today, and how these link back to its colonial legacy.
‘The Europe we want’
Authors: Sutherland Claire
Published: January 2018

This chapter considers what kind of Europe we want, what does Europe stand for and who are ‘we’? It considers the importance for the EU of moving beyond the modern geopolitical dichotomy of insiders and outsiders and the EU’s failure to deal with the so-called migration ‘crisis’.
Representation beyond the nation
Authors: Sutherland Claire
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines representations of the sea in several museums with maritime associations, using their engagement with the materiality of the sea to call for greater attention to seaborne mobility as an alternative source of belonging. It discusses three maritime museums in the Mediterranean and asks if they offer ways to go beyond ‘us’ and ‘them’. Together they make statements about the migration crisis in that area.
Conclusion
Authors: Sutherland Claire
Published: January 2018

This chapter concludes by questioning the logic of nationalism and chauvinism in perpetuating inequality, starting with colonialism. It explores why nationalism still has such power to mobilise by considering the importance of affect, emotion and nostalgia in shaping political attitudes. It moves beyond ethno-national categories to focus on the sea as a metaphor for thinking about belonging
Intimacy and ageing in late modernity
Authors: Bildtgård Torbjörn , Öberg Peter
Published: January 2018

This chapter uses central theoretical perspectives to discuss the structural preconditions for late-life intimacy in contemporary Western societies. The chapter discusses the rise of consumer society as a context for extending the lifestyles of mid-life into later life and the concurrent emergence of the third age as a historically new life phase of self-realisation. It discusses the transformation of intimacy in the second half of the 20th century and how this transformation is shaped by different social and cultural contexts. Finally, developmental theory is used to consider the existential structure of the later phase of life and its implications for intimacy.
A life of relationships
Authors: Bildtgård Torbjörn , Öberg Peter
Published: January 2018

This chapter bridges the macro–micro gap by showing how the historical transformation of intimacy is reflected in older individuals’ relationship careers. The chapter challenges the idea that current generations of older people have normally lived their lives in single lifelong marriages ending in widowhood and shows the complexity of their relationship careers. It discusses the consequences of prior relationship experiences on interest in, and preferences for, late-life intimacy. It discusses the different implications of being widowed versus divorced for interest in repartnering. Finally, it focuses on the different biographical relationship experiences of women and men and how they impact on the interest for repartnering in later life. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the presented findings in relation to the deinstitutionalisation of the life course. Extensive biographical case descriptions are used to give the reader an understanding of what it means to have lived one’s life during the historical transition to divorce culture.
Attitudes towards new romantic relationships
Authors: Bildtgård Torbjörn , Öberg Peter
Published: January 2018

This chapter investigates the attitudes of older people towards intimate relationships in later life by asking two central questions: (1) Attitudes to what? For example marriage, dating, a romantic partner, living together or apart? Attitudes may well differ strongly depending on what one is asking about. (2) The attitudes of whom? Women or men? Divorcees, widowed or never married people? Singles, LATs, cohabitants or marrieds? Older people themselves or those in their surroundings, such as children, relatives or the generalized other? Attitudes are likely to depend on who the persons holding the attitudes are and what their experiences are. Finally, the chapter uses Swedish data to update and fill in some of the gaps in previous research. By not focusing solely on marriage it shows that older people’s interest in repartnering is likely higher than what has been proposed before.
Whose crisis counts?
Authors: Bassel Leah , Emejulu Akwugo
Published: January 2018

In this chapter we examine in detail minority women’s institutionalised precarity in pre and post crisis France, England and Scotland. Even though minority women experience systemic social and economic inequalities, too often their experiences are erased or devalued by social movement allies and policymakers alike. This is political racelessness enacted through both political discourse and empirical data gathering and analysis. We argue that minority women experience a paradox of misrecognition—they are simultaneously invisible and hypervisible in the constructions of poverty, the crisis and austertiy. Using an intersectional framework, we will demonstrate how minority women, a heterogeneous group, experience systematic discrimination and multidimensional inequalities based on their race, class, gender and legal status. In this chapter we focus specifically on minority women’s experiences in the labour market as access to the labour market and the quality of available work is a key determinant of poverty and inequality. We also explore the particular ways in which minority women are either rendered invisible or hypervisible in key social policies meant to address their routinised inequalities.
Introduction: new economies North and South – sharing the transition to a just and sustainable future
Authors: North Peter , Cato Molly Scott
Published: January 2018

This chapter sets the scene for the edited collection which follows it, recounting the findings of an international conversation on the social and solidarity economies between participants from Europe and Latin America. It discusses problems and possibilities for learning and policy transference between different places, acknowledging the power relations involved between global north and south, centre and periphery. It introduces a four part conceptualisation of the social and solidarity economy sector between Social Enterprise and Social Entrepreneurship; the inclusive Social Economy; the Solidarity Economy, working on conceptions of how we want to live in a climate constrained world, and the Antagonistic Economy, challenging pathological aspects of contemporary neoliberalism.
Transitioning towards low carbon solidarity economies?
Authors: North Peter
Published: January 2018

Building on the diverse economies perspective of JK Gibson-Graham, this chapter discusses how conceptions of just and sustainable economies in the context of the Anthropocene can be generated and, more importantly, performed through social and solidarity economies in the global North. It reviews concepts of the SSE in the global North, and discusses the extent that the UK social economy sector has been tamed and neoliberalised as more antagonistic conceptions of co-operative and grassroots economies created by green and socialist activists in the 1970s and 1980s have been transformed into neoliberal conceptions of social enterprise, with an inbuilt assumption that the private sector is more effective than the public. It discusses how in conditions of austerity social enterprise can legitimate the abandonment of socially excluded communities, and that to counter this, the social economy sector in the UK should develop more antagonistic perspectives, learning from Latin Americans. Finally, it discusses the contribution of Transition Initiatives in rekindling conceptions of grassroots sustainable economies.
Conclusion: lessons learned and tensions exposed
Authors: North Peter , Cato Molly Scott
Published: January 2018

This concluding chapter draws together lessons learned from the encounters between social economy activists and academics from Latin America and Europe which were brought together in this collection. It discusses the role of antagonism in social economies, especially in the light of austerity in Europe – and Latin America’s experiences of a lost decade. It discusses tensions between the benefits of top down, centralised, state delivered welfare, and grassroots creativity, arguing for the development of 45 degree politics that maintains the best of both conceptions, with the state maintaining universal access and sufficient resources, while grassroots actors ensure that initiatives are tailored to local needs. Finally it brings together arguments for the need for the SSE sector to develop conceptions of prosperous livelihoods providing dignity and inclusion for those currently denied a livelihood with dignity in the concept of the Anthropocene. It concludes by arguing that these conceptions can best be developed though continued dialogue between actors in the global North and South.
Katherine A. Kendall (1910-2010): a brief biography
Authors: Askeland Gurid Aga , Payne Malcolm
Published: January 2018

Katherine Kendall was an important executive, fulfilling leadership roles in the International Association of Schools of Social Work (IASSW) for nearly 60 years. She experienced migration to the USA, the disruption of war, family disability and her own disability in her early life. As a young woman, she travelled in Europe with her husband in the 1930s, taking up social work training on their return. During World War II, she took up US government international liaison posts. Later, she researched international social work education for the United Nations, contributing to her PhD. Taking up executive posts in the US Council on Social Work Education, she became honorary, then executive secretary of IASSW, fulfilling consultancies and international visits, particularly in Latin America. She led a significant international social development project on family planning, and completed publications on issues in social work education and international social work, including historical overviews and biographical tributes to leaders in these fields, drawing on her experience.
Silvia M. Staub-Bernasconi, 2010
Authors: Askeland Gurid Aga , Payne Malcolm
Published: January 2018

This chapter contains a brief biography and transcript of an interview with Silvia M. Staub-Bernasconi, a leader in Swiss social work education, who was awarded the Katherine Kendall Award of the International Association of Schools of Social Work in 2010, for her contribution to international social work education. After studies in social work in Zurich and the USA, she became a street worker with gangs and with migrants. Developing ideas about social work as an action science, concerned with sources of power as well as individuals, she focused on social work as a human rights profession, and was involved in developing a European doctoral programme, INDOSOW. Her experience of students who had been oppressed in many countries led her to teach social work by connecting biography with sociocultural contexts. In the future, social work must separate itself and neoliberal ideas, meeting its triple mandate for a science base combined with individual care and political and social concern.
Choices and constraints
Authors: Mayo Marjorie
Published: January 2018

This chapter focuses upon the extent to which people – and communities - have agency. How far can people make choices freely and/ or how far are people affected by wider structural constraints, when it comes to deciding to move, whether to flee from unbearable situations at home and/ or in search of better, more sustainable livelihoods elsewhere. And how can people and communities respond to being ‘kept in their place’, by the fear of violence outside, for instance. Strategies to tackle violence against women in India provide illustrations, for example. The chapter concludes by focussing upon some of the ways in which people and communities can be supported to enable them to exercise their agency to maximum effect, including via community-based popular education.
The slippery concept of ‘community’, both locally and transnationally
Authors: Mayo Marjorie
Published: January 2018

This chapter starts by summarising previous definitions and approaches to the contested concept of ‘community’, typically defined in terms of ‘communities of place’, ‘communities of identity’ and ‘communities of shared interests’. Reflecting upon the experiences of communities in response to migration and displacement, the chapter concludes that such previous definitions need to be expanded. They need to take account of the ways in which communities form and re- form, in response to displacement and dispossession. And they need to take account of the multiple ways in which people identify with varying communities simultaneously, both locally and as members of faith communities and transnational communities.
Moving on?
Authors: Mayo Marjorie
Published: January 2018

Having summarised the underlying structural factors to be addressed, in the context of neo-liberal globalisation, this concluding chapter focuses upon the issues to be addressed within and between communities themselves. Communities can, and too often do, exacerbate the effects of displacement, becoming fragmented and divided in the process, blaming each other/ ‘the other’ for their frustrations and anxieties. But these are so far from being the only options, as previous chapters have amply demonstrated. The concluding chapter identifies the importance of common understandings as the basis for social solidarity, developing alliances across differences, taking account of the importance of community arts as a way of developing shared understandings and empathy in the pursuit of social justice agendas. The chapter ends with a collaborative poem, written by migrant, asylum-seeking and refugee women, expressing their solidarity in the face of displacement and dispossession.
Foreword by
Authors: MacDonald Robert
Published: January 2018

Why do we study youth? One could argue that there is nothing inherently interesting about young people. Especially now that so much ‘youth cultural’ activity has become commodified, commercialised, mainstream and, in fact, consumed by adults, it is difficult to see how young people are ...
Youth poverty and social exclusion in the UK
Authors: Fahmy Eldin
Published: January 2018

Eldin Fahmy examines the nature, extent and social distribution of youth deprivation and social exclusion amongst 16-29 year olds living in Britain.
He explores our understanding of youth marginality and disadvantage, through supplement income data with direct measures of deprivation of living standards and exclusion from customary norms.
There is a focus on the social profile of vulnerability amongst young people, beyond relative low-income measures.
He compares data for 1990, 1999 and 2012 to explore young people’s vulnerability and disadvantage in the context of youth transitions and disadvantage.
Normalisation of youth austerity through entertainment: critically addressing media representations of youth marginality in Britain
Authors: Blackman Shane , Rogers Ruth
Published: January 2018

Blackman and Rogers presents a textual analysis of the media representations of young people in newspapers and TV reality programmes.
They argue that there has been a normalisation of youth austerity through entertainment.
Using film theory they assert that the ‘returned gaze’ of youth positioned in austerity, both challenges and pushes young people to the edges of society, but remains a populist representation of social crisis, used by both government and media to exert control over young adults.
They argue that selective visual imagery and a constructed language of fear shape the intersection of government policy and media coverage on young people. 
They identify two zones of media representations: where young adults are projected as scroungers and marginalised through mockery and seen as a burden rather than an asset for society.
Leisure lives on the margins:(re)imagining youth in Glasgow’s East End
Authors: Batchelor Sunan , Whittaker Lisa , Fraser Alistair , Ngai Ling Leona Li
Published: January 2018

This chapter looks at leisure amongst marginalized youth in the East End of Glasgow.
It addresses the immobility of young people’s leisure lives, located in and around the family home. It argues that marginalised youth have few free public spaces available to them, resulting in an apparent upsurge in free time spent in private space in doors and online.
It identifies declining participation in street-based leisure is a result of increased surveillance and social control, by parents and police, and wider neo-liberal processes of market-led regeneration and the commercialisation of urban amenities.
The young people experience a retreat into private and domestic spaces in an effort to survive and adopt creative ways to engage commercialised leisure, albeit in marginal ways.
Apprentice or student as alternatives to marginalisation?
Authors: Ainley Patrick
Published: January 2018

Patrick Ainley argues that raising the participation age to 18 has served to divide young people into two official categories: ‘students’ or ‘apprentices’.
The division produces a ‘vocational’ curriculum in schools from aged 14+ that will result in the marginalisation of young people who fail to embark on the academic route.
He argues that new vocational route will achieve a permanently marginalised minority, a reconstituted reserve army of labour, in permanently insecure, often-part time, unskilled and low-paid jobs.
He argues the so called ‘youth skills problem’ is an economic problem for which education can no longer be substituted as a solution.
Valuing and strengthening community
Authors: Mckenzie Lisa
Published: January 2018

This chapter explores how there is a growing and distinct group of people in the UK who are faring badly in this period of advanced capitalism. As inequality rises and the gap between the top and the bottom of society widens, their lives are becoming more precarious. The people struggling the most are the working class, but unlike in previous generations, they have little in the way of self- or state-organised stability, from trade unions, political parties, or from identities connected to their employment. It is this group of people at the bottom of society who have been harmed the most by capitalist economics and who have traditionally relied on ‘the social’, whether in their employment or in their communities, to thrive.
Confronting the roots of violent behaviour
Authors: Ellis Anthony
Published: January 2018

This chapter focuses on confronting violence, by analysing humanity's capacity for ‘evil’. It asserts the importance of confronting a sad truth — the reality that it is currently not possible to imagine a world fully free of human violence and aggression. The seeming inexplicability of much violent behaviour may often generate a sense that the world today is somehow bereft of a common morality or mutual sense of compassion. Certainly the internet, print, and TV news media are often fixed on unsettling stories of murder, gang violence, riots, sexual assaults, child abuse, domestic violence, civil war, and terrorism. The seeming ubiquity of violence in society, and the apparent appetite for it, when packaged up as a consumer product, might help in understanding why many people hold the view that violence is ingrained in people's nature.
Progress through Protest
Authors: Burgum Samuel
Published: January 2018

This chapter demonstrates how neoliberalism — a school of political and economic theory which argues that market competition, supported by the state, is the best way to organise the economy, government, and society — has become so taken for granted that it is no longer perceived as an alternative model, but instead as something closer to ‘common sense’. While many may intuit that society today is in some way ‘sick’, it may also be the case that most people are additionally unable to even imagine healthier forms of social organisation. The chapter aims to find the root causes of how such a market led social model has actually been maintained in the face of an economic crash, and how widespread protest against the system has failed to generate any kind of deep social change.
Thinking prosocially
Authors: Atkinson Rowland , Mckenzie Lisa , Winlow Simon
Published: January 2018

This chapter contends that carefully evidenced analysis should remain a defining feature of social scientific writing, and that it is important to make more room in disciplines for forthright political critique and impassioned discussions. A significant motivation for many social researchers is the possibility that their work will act on and improve the world, even if this may only be in a small way. The push to work with and for business in academia in many countries suggests that debates will continue over the question of who and what publicly funded research is for. To identify and understand problems that require resolution is a key aspect of the ethos and function of social science.
“We don’t rely on benefits”: challenging mainstream narratives towards Roma migrants in the UK
Authors: Martin Philip , Scullion Lisa , Brown Philip
Published: January 2018

This chapter explores mainstream narratives regarding a particular EU migrant group in the UK, namely Roma from the Central and Eastern European EU member states — a group that has been particularly strongly associated with ‘benefit tourism’ due to a number of enduring negative stereotypes. The portrayal of Roma populations as ‘benefit tourists’ has become common within popular media over the last decade, both in the UK and the wider EU. Indeed, Roma are especially vulnerable to such characterisation, as this group has been confronted with majority populations' perceptions and media portrayal of criminality, ‘work-shyness’, and deceitfulness for many years all across the European continent. Furthermore, it is also clear that the content of popular narratives about migrant Roma and ‘benefit tourism’ is not a uniquely British phenomenon. There are prevalent discourses on Roma and welfare not only among established communities in Central and Eastern Europe but also in other locations which have experienced large-scale migration of Roma.
Controlling migration: the gender implications of work-related conditions in restricting rights to residence and to social benefits1
Authors: Shutes Isabel
Published: January 2018

This concluding chapter looks at the debate on migration and so-called ‘benefit tourism’ from an explicit gender perspective, an often overlooked aspect in the debate. It examines how the aim of controlling migration led to the introduction of work-related conditions for benefit receipt that have restricted migrants' access to rights of residence and entitlement to social benefits in the UK. The emphasis on a particular relationship of migrants to the labour market privileges the high-income and continuously employed migrant worker, thus reinforcing women's risk of exclusion from access to social rights. Debates on so-called benefit tourism are thus not only misplaced, since access to income-related benefits is highly restricted in relation to work, but that the restrictions on migrants' access to rights and resources have strong gendered effects as regards who is excluded.
Obama’s welfare and antipoverty policies: an assessment
Authors: Daguerre Anne
Published: January 2018

This chapter assesses the extent to which the Obama administration has been able to implement its legislative program. The most important achievement has been the Affordable Care Act, especially the Medicaid expansion. One of the biggest contradictions of the Obama presidency is that it continued broadening the role of the federal government whilst cutting the number of federal government jobs due to tight fiscal rules. In fact, the dispersion and fragmentation of policymaking has continued, particularly with regard to welfare and employment policy. Finally, the Great Recession and persistent wage depression have accentuated the structural social and economic inequalities that have plagued U.S. politics for the past three decades. This has created a huge disconnect that the fragmented U.S. polity has been unable to address.
Economic development as differentiated citizenship: Australia
Authors: O'Sullivan Dominic
Published: January 2018

Indigenous Australian economic practices and aspirations emphasise economic activity’s cultural context and purpose; practices and aspirations that routinely differ from Australian public policy’s instinctive assimilationist presumption. For example, indigenous actors’ repeated attention to trans-generational well-being shows that economic development is understood as part of a complex policy domain closely intertwined with social stability, employment, health and educational opportunities.
Culture can explain economic activity’s purpose. It is also preliminary to effective schooling which is, in turn, a determinant of indigenous access to labour markets, utilisation of land rights for material purposes and access to the middle class which can be an important constituent of equal citizenship and participatory parity.
Veiled Intervention: Anti-Semitism, Allegory, and Captain America
Authors: Milford Mike
Published: January 2018

Conventional wisdom states that leftover frustrations from World War I necessitated an incremental rhetorical strategy for interventionists in the buildup to World War II. However, such considerations often miss another factor that bolstered American isolationism: anti-Semitism. In the interwar period, America saw a sharp uptick in anti-Semitic organizations that preached a vehement isolationist message. Because of this environment, interventionist rhetors, particularly Jewish rhetors, were denied access to traditional rhetorical resources. In response, one group turned to one of the few outlets available: comic books. Through allegory, a rhetorical form that combines an entertaining surface narrative with a strong but hidden ideological argument, these rhetors were able to reach broad audiences with interventionist messages from behind the veil of comic book adventures. This essay examines the ways in which one of those comic book characters, Captain America, was purposefully constructed to be an allegorical argument for intervention. Through a careful interplay of visuals and narrative themes, his creators made a compelling case for America’s involvement in the war.
Volatility and Co‑movement: an Analysis of Food Commodity Prices in Nigeria
Authors: Ogunmola Omotoso Oluseye , Obayelu Abiodun Elijah , Akinbode Sakiru Oladele
Published: January 2018

This study explains volatility as a measure and interaction of the possible movement in a particular economic variable. Prices change rapidly in adjustment to market circumstances. Food prices hike experienced overyears has resulted in widespread menace which led to increase in food price volatility. However, volatility and co-movement had generally been lower for the past two decades than for the previous ones. Wide price movements over a short period of time connote high volatility, rendering the producers and consumers vulnerable. Excess volatility can be subjected to sector ineffectiveness and is commodity specific. Producers and processors are mostly concerned about increased price volatility, which greatly exposed them to unpredictable risks and uncertainty associated with price changes. This study examined the volatility and co-movement of food commodity prices in Nigeria using price series data on rice, maize, sorghum, cassava and yam for the period of 1966 to 2013. The data were analysed using Vector Autoregressive Model to forecast food price volatility and to examine the food commodity prices that Granger cause food price volatility in other food commodities. The GARCH regression model is used to estimate the magnitude of volatility which revealed that, food commodity prices exhibit high volatility and there is persistent increase in prices over the period of study. The Nigerian food commodity prices have experienced high fluctuations over the period; therefore, the study recommends proper storage facilities and infrastructure for the food distribution corporations in Nigeria.
Modelling and Control of Bounded Hybrid Systems in Power Electronics
Authors: Fehér Áron , Kutasi Dénes Nimród
Published: January 2018

In this work, an explicit Model Predictive Control algorithm is devised and compared to classical control algorithms applied to a series resonant DC/DC converter circuit. In the first part, a model of the converter as a hybrid system is created and studied. In the second part, the predictive algorithm is applied and tested on the model. Finally, the designed control algorithm is compared to classical PI and sliding mode controllers.
The Flux of Transmigrant Identities in Thomas Arslan’sBrothers and Sisters
Authors: Bátori Anna
Published: January 2018

The paper investigatesBrothers and Sisters(Geschwister-Kardeşler,1995), the first piece of Thomas Arslan’s Berlin-trilogy. While putting the film into the socio-historical context of the newly united German Republic, the study aims to highlight the characters’ struggle and constant shift between their Turkish and German identity. Through the narrative and textual analysis ofBrothers and Sisters, the paper reveals the visual forms of social exclusion and concludes that in Arslan’s film, the characters bear with no social identity but various stages of identification, which keep them in an in-between, insecure position.