bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forage intake processes by goats on a massai grass pasture with different sward heights
Authors: Rodrigues Marcônio Martins , Oliveira Maria Elizabete , Leal Tânia Maria , Moura Raniel Lustosa , Araújo Daniel Louçana da Costa , Santos Maurílio Sousa dos , Rodrigues Francelino Neiva , Rodrigues Viviany Sousa
Published: December 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the forage-intake process of goats feeding on Massai grass pastures with different heights (40, 50, 60, and 70 cm). The experimental design was completely randomized, with treatments corresponding to four sward heights with two replicates over time and space. Collected data were related to the forage-intake process and the chemical and morphological composition of the pasture. Grazing trials (45 min) were performed with four Anglo-Nubian crossbred goats. Total forage mass intake, bite mass, and intake rate were expressed in relation to animal weight. Pasture density, forage mass, and leaf blade increased as forage height increased. The chemical composition of forage at the evaluated heights was similar, except for reduced crude protein content at 70-cm height. Bite rate, intake rate, and time per bite had a quadratic relationship with increasing sward height. The greatest intake rate was observed at 54.7 cm of height, with 0.136 g DM min-1 kg-1 LW. Bite rate exhibited a linear and positive correlation with increase in intake. At the 50-cm height, goats harvested a mass of 3.65 g DM bite-1 kg-1 LW, when they performed 34.5 bites per minute. Adult goats had a greater forage intake on 50-cm high Massai grass pastures because they could obtain a greater bite mass in a shorter time per bite.
A formação em ciência de dados: uma análise preliminar do panorama estadunidense
Authors: Curty Renata Gonçalves , Serafim Jucenir Da Silva
Published: December 2016

Introdução: Cientistas de dados têm recebido grande destaque nos últimos anos seguindo as demandas do mundo do trabalho estimuladas pela ciência aberta e pela era big data. Amplamente divulgada em 2008, e agora presente nos mais diferentes setores e aplicações, a terminologia “cientista de dados” foi anunciada em 2012 como a mais atraente e uma das mais bem remuneradas do século XXI, culminando em uma crescente oferta de cursos de formação.Objetivo: Caracterizar e compreender os aspectos formativos do cientista de dados.Metodologia: O artigo relata um recorte de uma pesquisa de levantamento com base na análise preliminar de 93 cursos em ciência de dados ofertados por instituições estadunidenses.Resultados: A análise de conteúdo das informações contidas nos websites dos programas identificados permitiu evidenciar que este profissional é formado para lidar com aspectos relacionados à coleta, tratamento, transformação, análise, visualização e curadoria de grandes e heterogêneas coleções de dados orientadas à resolução de problemas práticos e reais.Conclusão: Foi possível constatar que, de modo geral, a formação em ciência de dados atribui grande ênfase a habilidades estatísticas, matemáticas e computacionais, incluindo programação e modelagem avançada, sendo que muitas destas são pré-requisitos para ingresso nestes cursos.
Produção Internacional Sobre Ciência Orientada a Dados: análise dos termos Data Science e E-Science na Scopus e na Web of Science
Authors: Bufrem Leilah Santiago , Silva Fábio Mascarenhas e , Sobral Natanael Vitor , Correia Anna Elizabeth Galvão Coutinho
Published: December 2016

Introdução: A atual configuração da dinâmica relativa à produção e à comunicação científicas revela o protagonismo da Ciência Orientada a Dados, em concepção abrangente, representada principalmente por termos como “e-Science” e “Data Science”.Objetivos: Apresentar a produção científica mundial relativa à Ciência Orientada a Dados a partir dos termos “e-Science” e “Data Science” na Scopus e na Web of Science, entre 2006 e 2016.Metodologia: A pesquisa está estruturada em cinco etapas: a) busca de informações nas bases Scopus e Web of Science; b) obtenção dos registros bibliométricos; c) complementação das palavras-chave; d) correção e cruzamento dos dados; e) representação analítica dos dados.Resultados: Os termos de maior destaque na produção científica analisada foram Distributed computer systems (2006), Grid computing (2007 a 2013) e Big data (2014 a 2016). Na área de Biblioteconomia e Ciência de Informação, a ênfase é dada aos temas: Digital library e Open access, evidenciando a centralidade do campo nas discussões sobre dispositivos para dar acesso à informação científica em meio digital.Conclusões: Sob um olhar diacrônico, constata-se uma visível mudança de foco das temáticas voltadas às operações de compartilhamento de dados para a perspectiva analítica de busca de padrões em grandes volumes de dados.
Ciência aberta: dimensões para um novo fazer científico
Authors: Oliveira Adriana Carla Silva de , Silva Edilene Maria da
Published: December 2016

Introdução: As práticas da e-Science e uso e reuso dos dados científicos se constituem um novo fazer científico que conduz à reflexão sobre novos arcabouços normativos, legais, institucionais e tecnológicos voltados para uma ciência aberta.Objetivo: Esse estudo apresenta como questão de pesquisa: quais dimensões dão sustentabilidade à formulação de uma política orientada à ciência aberta e suas práticas no contexto brasileiro? O objetivo deste estudo é discutir as dimensões que apoiam transversalmente a formulação de uma política direcionada à ciência aberta e suas práticas científicas.Metodologia: Teoricamente, o estudo está orientado pelo quarto paradigma científico baseado na e-Science. A metodologia está apoiada no estudo de Bufrem (2013) que propõe um modelo alternativo e multidimensional para análise e discussão de pesquisas científicas. Tecnicamente, empregaram-se os métodos de pesquisa bibliográfica e levantamento documental acerca do modelo científico Data Lifecycle, legislações e acordos internacionais. Para fins desse estudo, propõem-se cinco dimensões, a saber: epistemológica, política, ético-legal-cultural, morfológica e tecnológica.Resultados: As dimensões substanciam uma política de informação ou a elaboração de diretrizes mínimas para agenda da ciência aberta no Brasil.Conclusões: As dimensões afastaram o olhar reducionista sobre dados de pesquisa e conduziram o estudo para a visão multidimensional e multirrelacional da ciência aberta.
Comunicação científica e atenção online: em busca de colégios virtuais que sustentam métricas alternativas
Authors: Araujo Ronaldo Ferreira de , Furnival Ariadne Chloe Mary
Published: December 2016

Introdução: As trocas informacionais em torno da atividade de comunicação científica têm se tornado cada vez mais dinâmicas no ciberespaço, modificando a prática dos cientistas e ampliando o alcance dos resultados de pesquisa que atinge uma atenção online cada vez mais expressiva entre grupos distintos.Objetivo: Analisar se os dados altmétricos de atenção online apontam a existência de “colégios virtuais” – compostos por pessoas de dentro e de fora da comunidade científica – sobre o tema científico sendo compartilhado e comentado nas mídias sociais.Metodologia: Estudo piloto, caracterizado como exploratório, tendo como foco de análise a repercussão do artigo de acesso aberto com o maior indicador altmétrico (n=2.728) para o ano de 2015, segundo divulgado pela Altmetric.com em seu ranking “Top 100”. A qualificação da atenção online é descrita pelas mídias mais expressivas (Twitter e Facebook) em uma amostra randômica (n=10%) para a qual se procedeu a análise de conteúdo e para caracterização do perfil dos grupos sociais que interagiram e a categorização dos tipos de conteúdos de interação.Resultado: A forma mais comum de disseminação observada foi o de compartilhamento e repasse para o Twitter (62%) e Facebook (45%), seguido das categorias “conclusivo” (16% e 25%) e argumentativo (15% e 9,6%). O perfil dos usuários responsáveis pela circulação do artigo indica se tratar de especialistas da área da saúde.Conclusão: Embora a altmetria proponha uma avaliação de impacto mais social e democrático da pesquisa científica os colégios virtuais caracterizados indicam um público especializado e o debate e circulação da informação científica sobre o artigo analisado se concentra na comunidade científica.
Members’ Behavior in Virtual Learning Community: A Study Using Data Mining Approach
Authors: Li Xiaokang , Nie Yu , Chen Min , Liu Xiaoqing , Liu Xiaolei
Published: December 2016

Purpose: With the development of information technology, online virtual learning community is on its way to become an important approach for people to construction and sharing of knowledge. Researches on virtual learning community are not only important to the establishment and management of virtual learning community itself, but are helpful for people’s quest for the future development of online learning. However, current researches related to the virtual learning community are in inadequacy, and especially the application of quantitative analysis method for research is rarely seen. Using quantitative analysis method of data mining to study members’ behavior in online learning communities. Method: In this article, the discussion data (posts) from five online English virtual learning communities in China are sampled and colleted. These data were processed according to a series of guidelines to obtain proper data documents, and these data documents were opened under Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis and then carried out preprocessing. Next, the module of association rule learning in Waikato Environment Knowledge Analysis were used to perform mining on these processed data, and obtained a series of potential behavior rules in these communities. The partial rules have been listed in the article with their meaning analyzed. Findings: The result shows that in this setting it is feasible to apply the association rule learning to virtual learning community. Value: It provides approaches and lays the foundation for future relevant studies.
The Golden Series and Clusters of Gold-unique Shapes and Bonding
Authors: Kiremire Enos Masheija Rwantale
Published: December 2016

Golden clusters have been analyzed and categorized using the series method. They have been found to be intensely capped. The complexity of capping is likely responsible for the unique shapes of clusters. The predicted structures of the golden clusters with one or two nuclear indices have been found to be in agreement with the observations from structural determinations. According to the series, the golden clusters have tendency of occurring in an overlapping area which is normally dominated by naked metal clusters. The series approach method is easy and very reliable in analyzing and characterizing clusters. A brief background to the series method was included to ease readability of the paper.
A Directional Bayesian Significance Test for Equality of Variances
Authors: Brimacombe Michael B
Published: December 2016

A directional Bayesian pure significance test for the equality of variances is developed. The approach is based on the assessment of observed departure conditioned on the direction of departure in multivariate models. The resulting one-dimensional directional distribution is easily interpreted. Normality is not required. Robustness of prior selection is discussed focusing on directional properties of the multivariate prior. Several examples are considered.
Installation and Dispatch of the Traffic Patrol Service Platform
Authors: Jiahui Tang , Yuanbiao Zhang , Churu Peng , Xinxin Huang
Published: December 2016

In this paper, we construct three mathematical models to install and dispatch the traffic patrol service platform properly based on the real data of a certain city. Firstly, we build the shortest path model based on the Floyd algorithm to determine the jurisdictional of each platform. Then, we designed the dispatch model combined with 0-1 integer programming and the Hungarian algorithm to find the dispatching schemes when coming across large-scale emergencies. Lastly, we build the multiple-objective location model to optimize the present distribution situation of the traffic patrol platforms considering the workload differences among these existing platforms and overlong response time in some places.
Australian VET Sector – A Critical Evaluation
Authors: MAJ Stanislaw Paul
Published: December 2016

The Australian Vocational Education and Training (VET) system is a comprehensive, national framework designed to provide quality outcomes for learners and meet the needs of potential employers. The interdependent checks and balances provide mechanisms for validating quality and relevance. Regular national surveys demonstrate that both students and employers are satisfied with their experience of the VET sector. However, whilst positive feedback is necessary it is not of itself sufficient. In effect it is a false benchmark. To provide best practices in teaching and learning necessitates lecturers having the appropriate skills and underpinning knowledge something that the mandatory Certificate IVE in Training and Assessment does not provide. A more valid benchmark is an objective analysis of the quality using a learning taxonomy such as SOLO. This preliminary analysis of a range of VET courses unequivocally found that course material was well below best practices expectations. However further work is needed.
Architectural Green Spaces Design of Medical Centers with Passive Defense Approach
Authors: Rezazadeh Nasibeh , Sarbangholi Hassan Sattari
Published: December 2016

Since medical centers, from the perspective of civil defense, are considered as centers of critical urban land, therefore, it is essential the criteria and defensive mechanisms to comply in design. One of these strategies would be taking advantage of the vegetation in a hospital. From this perspective, the use of vegetation in the hospital needs to scientific and expertise comments by the expert in the green space who is familiar with knowledge of passive defense. In this study, it is tried the principles of architectural green spaces design of medical centers to discuss from an architectural defensive approach and passive defense. For this purpose, using descriptive-analytic method and library research tool, the role of security in outer space of the medical centers are investigated, and in the end, a set of strategies for architectural design of green space for a therapeutic complex in order to reduce the vulnerability of human resources and improve security will be presented, by taking advantage of the fundamental concepts of passive defense. The present research achievements in the designing of green spaces for the medical centers will be useful in line with promoting passive defense purposes.
Bevorderen van verantwoorde onderzoekspraktijken door ZonMw
Authors: Reijmerink Wendy , Oortwijn Wija
Published: December 2016

Bevorderen van verantwoorde onderzoekspraktijken door ZonMw

Nationaal en internationaal staat onderzoek dat maatschappelijk relevant is, wetenschappelijk gezien hoge kwaliteit heeft, en zowel integer als efficiënt wordt uitgevoerd in de schijnwerpers. Het achterliggende idee is dat alleen zo de gewenste maatschappelijke impact kan worden bereikt. Door het bevorderen van verantwoorde onderzoekspraktijken, waarbij er onder andere expliciet aandacht is voor aspecten als stakeholderparticipatie, interdisciplinaire samenwerking, replicatie en systematische reviews, kunnen financiers of programmeurs van onderzoek hieraan bijdragen. In dit artikel wordt een overzicht gegeven van de wijze waarop ZonMw dat doet als kennisprogrammeur op het gebied van het gezondheidsonderzoek. Hiertoe is een toetsingskader ontwikkeld en toegepast op zestien lopende onderzoeksprogramma’s, dat ook voor andere domeinen en actoren betekenis heeft. Een belangrijke aanbeveling is dat ‘verantwoord programmeren’ een eigen kennisbasis behoeft om de toegevoegde waarde ervan te kunnen bepalen. Naast investeringen in metaonderzoek vraagt dat om een goede monitoring en informatievoorziening bij de kennisprogrammeur.
El derecho de voto de las personas con discapacidad y, en especial, de las personas con discapacidad psíquica o intelectual en derecho internacional. Su recepción en España
Authors: Pascual Planchuelo Víctor Carlos
Published: December 2016

El presente estudio expone los diferentes tratados e instrumentos internacionales, de ámbito universal y regional, que protegen –directa o indirectamente- el derecho de participación política de las personas con discapacidad. En concreto, la Convención de Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad (2006) supone un cambio de paradigma en el enfoque sobre la discapacidad, pues además de proclamar el derecho de participación política de todas las personas con discapacidad, reconoce su capacidad jurídica en igualdad de condiciones que el resto. La consecuencia de este análisis es que España debe garantizar el derecho de voto de todas las personas con discapacidad, con independencia del tipo de discapacidad (física, intelectual, psíquica o sensorial), siendo necesaria la adecuación de su legislación interna a las obligaciones internacionales contraídas, resultando por tanto obligatorio para las autoridades españolas la derogación o reforma del artículo 3 de la Ley Orgánica de Régimen Electoral General.
Gdy słowa wiodą na manowce. Krótka rzecz o pułapce polskiej metodyki
Authors: Klus-Stańska Dorota
Published: December 2016

The text is an attempt to analyse the language of the Polish core curriculum for primary schools and the language of teaching methodology, created by the core curriculum, as a source of stereotype thinking about school and the (im)possibility of change in the model of education. In this perspective, the language of government documents appears as a significant barrier to changes in the educational system, perpetuating traditional teaching, and leading to the blocking of the development of students.
Tworzenie sytuacji sprzyjających zaangażowanej współpracy dzieci w wieku wczesnoszkolnym
Authors: Siadak Goretta
Published: December 2016

The aim of this article is to present the possibility of the organisation of situations conducive to cooperation between pupils of early school age. In various parts of the article the following will be discussed: teacher-tutoring, and peer-tutoring in the Polish education system. The project Academic Centre of Creativity will be presented. This project was carried out by the research team at the Department of Didactics and Studies in the Culture of Education, Kazimierz Wielki University. The main objective of the project was to develop (testing and popularisation) of an innovative work model for teachers/students with the student based on Lev Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory. The research was carried out among the students of the first stage of education in grades I–III five “school exercise” located in Kujawsko-Pomorskie. The main part of the project ACK was a teaching experiment, during which observations were made, the activity of individual students and their participation in activities (group) was analysed in four areas: language, mathematics, science, and art. Owing to the multi-stage project, in the article emphasis was put on the practical aspect of the experiment, which was the organisation of the classroom culture as a social learning environment. During this process two forms of peer interaction were initiated: learning in collaboration and peer-tutoring. We analysed: the preparation phase conditions stimulating cooperation, the stages of development of collaborative learning and peer-tutoring, the benefits of collaboration and peer-tutoring (same-age peer-tutoring, cross-age peer-tutoring) among students of early childhood education.
Lęk przed matematyką przyszłych nauczycieli edukacji przedszkolnej i wczesnoszkolnej. Jak uczyć, kiedy sama się boję?
Authors: Szczygieł Monika , Cipora Krzysztof
Published: December 2016

Maths anxiety is considered to be one of the important predictors of maths achievements. Numerous studies indicate that a teacher’s maths anxiety as well as teaching methods may be one of the causes of maths anxiety in children. Data obtained from American college students indicate that students choosing majors in pre-service education are characterised by very high levels of maths anxiety. In the presented paper we aimed at comparing maths anxiety in female students – future pre-service education teachers and female students in other faculties. Our study shows that future pre-service teachers are characterised by considerably higher maths anxiety. The results are discussed in the context of possible interventions targeted on future teachers that may eventually lead to an increase in children’s maths achievements.
Emergent literacy, visual literacy i czytanie dialogowe. Potencjał edukacyjny i emancypacyjny książki obrazkowej w środowisku rodzinnym i przedszkolnym
Authors: Cackowska Małgorzata
Published: December 2016

The article concerns contemporary perspectives on early education, early, emergent and visual literacy, and concepts of the development of cognitive, linguistic, and socio-emotional competencies by using picturebooks in the dialogic reading method. Picturebooks for small children, especially earlyconcept picturebooks, which present nouns, verbs, or adjectives and are aesthetically designed, have a great potential, and are important for the gaining of cognitive, emotional, and visual codes and ideas by the child, especially when they are introduced by an adult (parent at home or teacher in a preschool institution) through an active, dialogic manner of reading. Dialogic reading is shown and described by G.J. Whitehurst and other researchers as an interactive and stimulating method of cognitive and socio-emotional development, which enhances the children’s speaking and reading competencies independently of their class, race, or gender – which is of emancipatory significance. The main aim of the text is to turn the reader’s attention to the significance of interactive reading of precisely selected, high-quality picturebooks by parents and early education teachers in the context of children’s development.
Selected aspects of institutional early childhood education and care in Warsaw – the perspective of professionals and low-income parents
Authors: Karwowska-Struczyk Małgorzata , Wysłowska Olga
Published: December 2016

The article presents results of research into low income parents as well as professionals involved in the education, care and upbringing sectors. It concerns access to toddler care and preschool, the costs of sending children to such institutions, support for parents on low incomes, as well as the demands parents have of these institutions. The authors carried out two group interviews with parents, as well as three individual interviews with workers from the institutions. In the final part of the article, the results of the research are presented along with recommendations for politics concerning the sectors of education, upbringing and care of children from the ages of 0 to 6.
Jak nauczyciele i uczniowie rozwiązują zadania matematyczne, czyli o poprawnych i niepoprawnych rozumowaniach
Authors: Czajkowska Monika , Bugajska-Jaszczołt Beata
Published: December 2016

The teaching and learning of mathematics is done mainly by solving specially selected tasks. The most significant are those which contribute to the development of mathematical reasoning in students. In this paper, we present the results of the research carried out to check the extent to which students’ and teachers’ reasoning (correct and incorrect) coincide with each other. The obtained results indicate that certain incorrect strategies are so common to students and teachers that we can talk about a kind of pedagogical inheritance. Probably, some teachers teach in the same way as they were taught, unconsciously pushing their students to the path of faulty solutions.
Muzyka w żłobku – refleksja nad praktyką
Authors: Radwańska Marta , Wysłowska Olga
Published: December 2016

The Act of 4 February 2011 on care for children under the age of 3, states that nurseries are to provide children with care, upbringing and education. Still no curriculum has been established for this sector of educare, no regulations specify what types of experiences should be provided to the youngest children. This paper presents the results of the diagnostic research on the role of music, one of the potential educational areas in the nursery curriculum, in the day-to-day practice of the Public Crèche Network in Łódź settings. By employing the mix of methods: field notes, observations and questionnaires researchers tried to answer the following questions: How, in practice the music activities look like?, How often and what kind of music activities are organized?, Are there any activities conducted by external specialists? The article is the starting point for the discussion on the role of music education in the provision for children under the age of 3 in Poland, and training programs for caregivers.
Picturebooks and politics: Israeli children’s picturebooks during the shift from pre-state to statehood
Authors: Darr Yael
Published: December 2016

Cultures vary according to the level of political potency they attribute to their young readers. Some ascribe to their children the ability to experience political solidarity and are eager to offer them literature accordingly. Other cultures try to exempt children from taking any public interest and shield them within the home and family, distant from what is regarded as the aggressive public arena. In rare cultural and social conditions shifts from one attitude to another regarding children’s political potency can be quite extreme. This article points to a dramatic change in the nature of politicization of Hebrew children’s picturebooks, which took place in the decade following the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. This period saw a rapid transition from the former overt politicization of children’s literature to a striking and active avoidance of political content. During the first decade of Israeli statehood children’s picturebooks decisively disencumbered the children of their former active political tasks, thus implementing a new politics of a civic society in a sovereign state.
Good to love or good to eat? Ethical and ideological implications of hunting, killing and the consumption of anthropomorphic animals in popular picturebooks
Authors: Hübben Kelly
Published: December 2016

This paper discusses the visual and narrative construction of species difference in a selection of Little Golden Books, as well as its ethical and ideological implications. I will focus on how certain picturebooks encourage thinking about species in terms of difference and hierarchy, while simultaneously blurring species boundaries through visual and/or verbal anthropomorphism. From an early age, children are taught that animals come in different categories, some of which are good to love, and should be treated with due respect (pets) and others that are good to eat, and, at least in Western cultures, less deserving of our compassion. Focusing on a selection of Little Golden Books, American merchandise books aimed at young readers, I investigate how children learn to distinguish between these two classes of animals.
Producing a popular image of the Amazon rainforest and indigenous peoples in picturebooks in English-speaking societies
Authors: Wierucka Aleksandra
Published: December 2016

For many years the media have presented the rainforest as a fascinating and exotic place, abundant in various species of plants and animals, the home of people decorated with feathers or holding spears. Picturebooks are no exception. This article presents the ways a popular image of the Amazon forest is produced in picturebooks for young readers in English-speaking industrialised societies. The analysis shows that shaping knowledge about the tropical forest is based on stereotypes about the “untouched pristine forest” populated by “wild indigenous people” – a notion that is spurious. Some of these books undertake the subject of indigenous knowledge or the loss of cultural identity. However the presentation of these issues often lacks deeper dimensions. The exoticisation of rainforest inhabitants as well as the forest itself may have a negative impact on young readers’ understanding of the cultural diversity of the Amazon, as well as their understanding of the complexity of indigenous peoples’ lives.
Attractive lives on attractive pages.
Polish illustrated biographical books for young readers
Authors: Wincencjusz-Patyna Anita
Published: December 2016

This paper focuses on an exceptionally interesting kind of books dedicated to young readers, quite
popular recently in Poland, namely picture biography books for children and teenagers. Polish publishing
houses, especially Muchomor from Warsaw, for the last few years have been coming up with
a number of intriguing titles, both in the matter of words, and also in their graphic contents, especially
the series “Gdansk Trilogy”. Brave ideas, young talents, novel artistic solutions, and original
illustrations make the lives of famous people, not so very well-known figures and some unknown
names – from both far and near, homeland and neighbourhood history – attractive reading matter.
The author also looks back at the history of Polish illustrations included in biographies published in
the second half of the 20th century. By combining the traditions of Polish applied graphic art with its
up-to-date condition the author wants to trace the impact of the old and the novelty of contemporary
books. She wants to stress the expressive power of an image turning illustrations into independent
works of art. The number of illustrations and the graphic concept of an up-to-date language of visual
forms make them genuine picture stories (especially in the designs by Ignerska). By means of comparative
analyses of form and style, as well as a theory of image, she is going to focus on features of
the visual side of the aforementioned books. The author would also like to stress the change in the
way of perceiving the common history of places with such a complicated history as Gdańsk itself (in
which Elisabeth and Johannes Hevelius, Fahrenheit, Schopenhauer, despite their German roots, are
treated as part of the common heritage).
Comparison of impairment and restitution of hand function in
a group of patients with total damage to the extensor pollicis
longus and in a group of patients with damage to the flexor
pollicis longus tendon after surgical treatment
Authors: Szczechowicz Jakub , Jamka Krzysztof , Pieniążek Marek
Published: December 2016

The thumb constitutes 40% of the whole hand function, and damage to the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) and/or the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) tendons of the thumb results in its significant limitation. The main factors contributing to damage of the EPL and/or FPL tendons are mechanical injuries - cuts and spontaneous ruptures.

The aim of the study was to compare values of thumb and whole hand function loss and restoration as a result of the implemented physical therapy in patients with total damage to the EPL tendon with the values obtained by the study group 2 comprised of patients with damage to the FPL tendon.

The study involved 25 patients of the Specialized Hand Therapy Center in Krakow. 15 of them had ruptured continuity of the EPL tendon (study group), and 10 suffered damage to the FPL tendons (control group). The study included measurements of active motion of the thumb and wrist and superficial sensation. On the basis of these tests, functional impairment was measured using the methodology according to Swanson. The study included assessment of muscle strength in terms of global and precision grips using a dynamometer.

Statistically signifcant functional improvement was noted for the thumb and whole hand as well as muscle strength in both groups. The values of functional loss differed between the two groups. The indicators of functional improvement were greater in patients with damage to the EPL tendon.

Functional physical therapy is an important factor determining the return of function in the thumb and whole hand after total damage to the EPL and FPL tendons.

Szczechowicz J., Jamka K., Pieniążek M. Comparison of impairment and restitution of hand function in a group of patients with total damage to the extensor pollicis longus and in a group of patients with damage to the flexor pollicis longus tendon after surgical treatment. Med Rehabil 2016; 20(3): 5-12. DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0009.5009
Electrical impedance tomography methods for miniaturised 3D systems
Authors: Canali C. , Aristovich K. , Ceccarelli L. , Larsen L.B , Martinsen Ø. G. , Wolff A. , Dufva M. , Emnéus J. , Heiskanen A.
Published: December 2016

In this study, we explore the potential of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) for miniaturised 3D samples to provide a non-invasive approach for future applications in tissue engineering and 3D cell culturing. We evaluated two different electrode configurations using an array of nine circular chambers (Ø 10 mm), each having eight gold plated needle electrodes vertically integrated along the chamber perimeter. As first method, the adjacent electrode configuration was tested solving the computationally simple back-projection algorithm using Comsol Multiphysics in time-difference EIT (t-EIT). Subsequently, a more elaborate method based on the “polar-offset” configuration (having an additional electrode at the centre of the chamber) was evaluated using linear t-EIT and linear weighted frequency-difference EIT (f-EIT). Image reconstruction was done using a customised algorithm that has been previously validated for EIT imaging of neural activity. All the finite element simulations and impedance measurements on test objects leading to image reconstruction utilised an electrolyte having an ionic strength close to physiological solutions. The chosen number of electrodes and consequently number of electrode configurations aimed at maximising the quality of image reconstruction while minimising the number of required measurements. This is significant when designing a technique suitable for tissue engineering applications where time-based monitoring of cellular behaviour in 3D scaffolds is of interest. The performed tests indicated that the method based on the adjacent configuration in combination with the back-projection algorithm was only able to provide image reconstruction when using a test object having a higher conductivity than the background electrolyte. Due to limitations in the mesh quality, the reconstructed image had significant irregularities and the position was slightly shifted toward the perimeter of the chamber. On the other hand, the method based on the polar-offset configuration combined with the customised algorithm proved to be suitable for image reconstruction when using non-conductive and cell-based test objects (down to 1% of the measurement chamber volume), indicating its suitability for future tissue engineering applications with polymeric scaffolds.
Anonymously male: Social media avatar icons are implicitly male and resistant to change
Authors: Bailey April H. , LaFrance Marianne
Published: December 2016

When asked to pick a typical human, people are more likely to pick a man than a woman, a phenomenon reflecting androcentrism. Social media websites provide a relevant context in which to study androcentrism since many websites aim to provide users with an ostensibly gender-neutral icon if users do not upload one of their own images. In our first study, 50 male and female online participants (Mage = 35.70) rated whether actual avatar icons from highly trafficked social media websites are perceived as gender-neutral. Using bi-polar scales from woman to man participants reported that overall the icons appeared to be more male-typed than gender-neutral. In Study 2, we investigated whether adding more female-typed icons would discourage or promote androcentric thinking. An online sample of 608 male and female participants (Mage = 33.76) viewed either 12 avatar icons that reflected the over-representation of male-typed icons or 12 that included an equal number of male and female-typed icons. Participants were then asked to produce an example of a typical person. Finally, we measured political ideology on two liberal-conservative scales. We found evidence that exposure to an equal number of male-typed and female-typed avatar icons generated reactance among political conservatives, and thus may have constituted an ideological threat. Conservatives who saw an equal number of male-typed and female-typed icons were twice as likely to come up with a man as a typical person compared to conservatives who saw an over-representation of male-typed avatar icons. Consistent with system-justification theory, these findings show how male-centric thinking is also evident in a seemingly gender-neutral online context.
Prevenční povinnost při poskytování zdravotních a sociálních služeb
Authors: Pavelek Ondřej
Published: December 2016

Cílem toho příspěvku je analýza občanskoprávní odpovědnosti při poskytování zdravotních a sociálních služeb. Pozornost je věnována problematice protiprávnosti – vztahu generální prevenční povinnosti a povinnostem stanoveným konkrétními právními předpisy: zákonem č. 108/2006 Sb., o sociálních službách a zákonem č. 372/2011 Sb., o zdravotních službách. Na dvou případech jsou analyzovány rovněž povinnosti těchto zařízení a jejich odpovědnost za zásah do osobnostních práv pacientů, především odpovědnost za újmu na zdraví a při usmrcení.
Trestní odpovědnost osob činných ve volených orgánech územních samosprávných celků
Authors: Zarivnij Petr
Published: December 2016

Článek je zaměřen na problematiku trestní odpovědnosti osob ve vztahu k jejich členství a rozhodování ve volených orgánech územních samosprávných celků. V rámci článku je představena typická trestná činnost páchaná v této oblasti a reflektována otázka, do jaké míry lze osoby činné ve volených orgánech územních samosprávných celků trestně stíhat. Úvahám jsou podrobeny problematické body činnosti samosprávy a doporučení za účelem prevence trestního stíhání.
Právo rozhodné pre medzinárodnú licenčnú zmluvu – medzery a limity aplikácie Nariadenia Rím I
Authors: Pastorková Mária
Published: December 2016

Významnosť medzinárodných licenčných zmlúv je neodškriepiteľná, avšak špeciálne kolízne pravidlo zamerané na licenčné zmluvy neexistuje. V rámci EU sa na určenie rozhodného práva v sporoch vyplývajúcich z licenčných zmlúv použije Nariadenie Rím I. Vedecké skúmania často končia práve na analýze Nariadenia Rím I, cieľom tohto článku je ísť ďalej za jeho hranice. Autorka skúma limity použitia Nariadenia Rím I a hľadá situácie, kedy a či vôbec sa v prípade sporov z medzinárodnej licencie použije Zákon o medzinárodnom práve súkromnom alebo bilaterálna zmluva. Najdôležitejšiu úlohu v danom skúmaní predstavuje kvalifikácia. Kvalifikácia určuje, či sa jedná o spor vyplývajúci zo zmluvného alebo mimozmluvného záväzku a vo výsledku umožní nájdenie relevantného právneho prameňa.
Nad charakterem porušení fiduciárních povinností člena voleného orgánu
Authors: Houdek Zdeněk
Published: December 2016

Probíhající odborná debata nad charakterem vztahu člena voleného orgánu a obchodní korporace patrně doposud nepřinesla jednotné stanovisko. Konkrétně jsou předmětem dohad otázky, zda lze porušení péče řádného hospodáře považovat za porušení povinnosti ze smlouvy, či ze zákona, a zda je výkon funkce člena orgánu obchodní korporace výkonem smluvního zastoupení, nebo zastoupení ze zákona. Předkládaný příspěvek mapuje doposud publikované názory k těmto otázkám a přináší vlastní závěry k problematice.
K hypotetickému vypořádání společného jmění
Authors: Juřátková Petra
Published: December 2016

Příspěvek pojednává o hypotetickém vypořádání společné jmění, novém institutu, upraveném v ustanovení § 732 zákona č. 89/2012 Sb., občanský zákoník, který si podle názoru autorky zaslouží mnohem více pozornosti, než kolik je mu doposud věnováno. Cílem tohoto příspěvku je zodpovědět následující otázky - co je hypotetické vypořádání, kdy a za jakých podmínek se použije, jaké jsou procesní prostředky ochrany „proti“ hypotetickému vypořádání společného jmění.
Smírčí řízení prováděné obecným soudem jako forma alternativního řešení sporů
Authors: Němcová Drahomíra
Published: December 2016

Článek se zabývá smírčím řízením u civilních soudů. Prezentuje tento typ řízení jako použitelnou formu alternativního řešení sporů (ADR metoda). V první části se hovoří o historickém vývoji institutu a různým přístupům k soudnímu smíru. Zaměřuje se dále na aktuální problematické aspekty právní úpravy, například neexistenci stavení promlčení při zahájení smírčího řízení. Po implementaci EU směrnice o mediaci v civilních věcech může smírčí řízení sloužit také k přetavení mediační dohody do exekučního titulu. Práce se snaží přispět k diskusi, zda by měl soudce vést tento druh řízení, přestože je jeho primární úlohou judikatorní činnost. V článku je komparováno české smírčí řízení s podobnou rakouskou úpravou. Ta obsahuje také formu povinného smíru, což by se mohlo stát inspirací pro české právo.
Disciplinární odpovědnost osob ve služebním poměru
Authors: Keisler Ivo
Published: December 2016

Tématem příspěvku je režim disciplinární odpovědnosti osob ve služebním poměru – konkrétně státních zaměstnanců, příslušníků bezpečnostních sborů a vojáků z povolání. Autor se nejprve zabývá vybranými otázkami pozitivněprávní úpravy disciplinární odpovědnosti osob ve služebním poměru obsažené v zákonu č. 234/2014 Sb., o státní službě, ve znění pozdějších předpisů, zákonu č. 361/2003 Sb., o služebním poměru příslušníků bezpečnostních sborů, ve znění pozdějších předpisů, a zákonu č. 221/ 1991 Sb., o vojácích z povolání, ve znění pozdějších předpisů. Dále se autor zamýšlí nad možností racionální harmonizace obsahu uvedených předpisů stran disciplinární odpovědnosti a načrtává možná řešení.
Revision of the staphylinoid and ground-dwelling genus Carvalhoma Slater & Gross (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) of Australia
Authors: Namyatova Anna A. , Cassis Gerasimos
Published: December 2016

The Australian endemic staphylinoid plant bug genus Carvalhoma Slater & Gross, 1977 is revised. The genus is redescribed and its systematic position within Cylapinae is discussed. Carvalhoma malcolmae Slater & Gross, 1977 and C. taplini Slater & Gross, 1977 are redescribed. Three species, C. ovatum sp. nov., C. parvum sp. nov., and C. weiri sp. nov., are described as new to science. A key to species, digital habitus images, SEM images, drawings of male and female genitalia and distribution map are provided.
Incidência de infecção do trato urinário relacionada ao cateterismo vesical de demora
Authors: Campos Camila Cláudia , Alcoforado Carla Lúcia Goulart Constant , Franco Lúcia Maciel de Castro , Carvalho Rafael Lima Rodrigues de , Ercole Flávia Falci
Published: December 2016

Estudio de cohorte no concurrente con información de 301 pacientes internados en centros de terapia intensiva de dos hospitales públicos de Belo Horizonte. El objetivo fue analizar la epidemiología de las infecciones del tracto urinario en pacientes sometidos a cateterismo vesical permanente, estimar la tasa de incidencia en cada hospital, identificar posibles factores de riesgo relacionados con las infecciones del tracto urinario e identificar los microorganismos causantes de la infección. La muestra estuvo constituida por todos los pacientes de las unidades sometidos a cateterismo vesical permanente en un período de seis meses. De los 301 pacientes, 23 desarrollaron la infección, siendo 56,52% del sexo masculino y edad superior a 60 años. La incidencia global de infección del tracto urinario fue de 6,70 infecciones/1.000 catéteres/día. El hospital que utilizó agua y jabón para la limpieza periuretral presentó mayor incidencia que el hospital que utilizó antiséptico (14,01 y 3,05infecciones/1.000 catéteres/día, respectivamente). El factor de riesgo identificado fue la utilización de la técnica de limpieza con agua y jabón. Los microorganismos más prevalentes en los urocultivos fueron Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17,39%) Candida sp. (13,04%), Escherichia coli (13,04%), and Proteus mirabilis (8,70%). El resultado encontrado contradice los de la literatura y refuerza la necesidad de estudios primarios que identifiquen la solución más eficaz para la limpieza periuretral con el fin de reducir la infección del tracto urinario relacionada con el cateterismo vesical permanente.
A ludoterapia e a criança hospitalizada na perspectiva dos pais
Authors: Fioreti Fernanda Cristina Custodia de Faria , Manzo Bruna Figueredo , Regino Alline Esther Ferreira
Published: December 2016

La hospitalización trae trastornos que en la infancia se hacen más evidentes en manifestaciones de insatisfacción momentánea o en daños que pueden permanecer incluso después del alta hospitalaria. En pediatría los niños son sometidos a procedimientos dolorosos y deben también habituarse a situaciones desconocidas, entre ellas la presencia de extraños en el día a día tales como de distintos profesionales de la salud, de otros pacientes hospitalizados y de sus acompañantes. En este escenario, la ludoterapia en los hospitales es un método beneficioso en el proceso de adaptación del niño. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo descriptivo que buscó analizar el uso del juego en la atención del niño hospitalizado desde la perspectiva de los padres. El estudio se realizó en la pediatría de un hospital Municipal de Belo Horizonte / MG, con entrevistas semiestructuradas a 13 padres. Los datos fueron analizados por el contenido de la escritura, según la interpretación de datos de Bardin. Los resultados mostraron que el juego es una valiosa herramienta para minimizar el estrés de la hospitalización y contribuir a una mejor adaptación del niño al hospital. Además, promueve el bienestar, la diversión, la disminución del dolor y la socialización durante la internación. La ludoterapia puede ser muy benéfica en la rutina pediátrica, favoreciendo la atención más humanizada e integral y la posibilidad de reducir los daños en el desarrollo infantil causados por la experiencia de la hospitalización.
Simulação como estratégia para o aprendizado em pediatria
Authors: Fernandes Anna Karolyne Carvalho , Ribeiro Laiane Medeiros , Brasil Guilherme da Costa , Magro Marcia Cristina da Silva , Hermann Paula Regina de Souza , Leon Casandra Genoveva Rosales Martins Ponce de , Viduedo Alecssandra de Fátima Silva , Funghetto Silvana Schwerz
Published: December 2016

Introducción: El simulacro es importante para situaciones que exigen habilidades psicomotoras o decisiones rápidas, como las de urgencia y emergencia. Objetivo: Evaluar el uso del simulacro clínico en pediatría como estrategia para el aprendizaje de estudiantes de la Facultad de Enfermería de Ceilândia. Método: estudio transversal de naturaleza descriptiva llevado a cabo con 47 alumnos del curso de enfermería de la Facultad de Ceilândia. Los instrumentos para la recolegida de datos fueron cuestionarios relacionados con las directrices de la American Heart Association (AHA) y la influencia del simulacro clínico en el aprendizaje del estudiante. Resultados: Los estudiantes conocen las directrices y afirman que el simulacro fue productivo, que debe incluirse en el programa del curso y realizarse con otros temas. Conclusión: La encuesta mostró amplio conocimiento de los estudiantes de pregrado en Enfermería de la UnB / Ceilândia sobre las Directrices de RCP de la AHA y se llegó a la conclusión que la práctica del simulacro clínico fue positivo para el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje.