bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research Design
Authors: Koch Cédric M.
Published: January 2025

This chapter describes the research design that this book develops and uses to test its arguments empirically and operationalizes key variables and alternative explanations to this account. It introduces the comparative-historical method whereby the following empirical chapters test different parts of the argument and provides an overview of its nested design which combines data at the individual, party-political, and (inter)national level analysed using both statistical methods and a comparative case study. It then presents the case selection, data, and operationalizations that are used across the book’s three empirical chapters, as well as how these account for key alternative explanations.
In the Name of Which ‘People’?
Authors: Koch Cédric M.
Published: January 2025

This chapter operationalizes and empirically tests under which conditions which variety of populism gains from democratic legitimacy depletion in the liberal international order (LIO). To test its expectations, the chapter develops and presents an explanatory typology which empirically classifies eighty-seven electoral cycles across eight EU states since 1980 to test the theorized mechanisms in a most likely subsample of the LIO. After discussing the method, operationalization, and case selection, it discusses ‘typical’ and ‘deviant’ cases to test the typology. Focusing on how (inter)national demand is mobilized in electoral politics, the comparative case study shows how the populist radical left is disadvantaged vis-à-vis the populist radical right to exploit democratic legitimacy depletion in the EU. To probe the generalizability of findings, statistical analyses of thirty-seven states since 1980 demonstrate that the theorized types of democratic legitimacy depletion are equally associated with gains for expected populist party families in the full LIO sample.
Conclusion
Authors: Koch Cédric M.
Published: January 2025

This chapter concludes by situating the book’s main findings within the debates about the crises of liberal (international) order. It discusses its limitations, contributions, and implications for understanding the crisis of liberal democracy as well as the crisis of liberal international order (LIO) and charts out avenues for future research. It argues that populism should be seen also as an international symptom, not (only) a cause of liberal order crises. Despite primarily being an authoritarian nationalist threat overall, inclusionary versions and indirect effects on other parties mean that populism can also contribute to a democratic and even cosmopolitan corrective to an undemocratic form of liberalism in the LIO. For international integration, the book implies that populists successfully politicized democratic input legitimacy perceptions which were previously neglected and that they triggered electoral contests over alternative trajectories to increase political responsiveness to citizens which increasingly shape the future of international order.
Free Imagination
Authors: 9780198901198  , Tse Peter Ulric
Published: January 2025

This book argues that the brain’s capacity to imagine is the fundamental basis of human free will. Laws of physics need not apply in our internal simulations so virtually anything is possible there. And since some of our actions can follow from that which we imagine, our actions inherit the wild freedom of our imaginings. The creative power of the human imagination may have evolved as a consequence of the demodularization of neural circuitry associated with volitional attentional operations over operands downloadable into a mental workspace where almost anything could be combined with anything else. This new cognitive architecture gave rise to the danger of psychosis. Our schizotypal form of imagination may have evolved only in humans by exapting from existing motoric and other operations involved in volitional hand dexterity to a domain of pre-motoric simulation. What is imagined into existence can be used for good or evil. Imagination is therefore our greatest tool and weapon. When applied to ourselves, it allows us the possibility of reimagining and then transforming ourselves in light of second-order desires. This gives us the ability to choose to become a new kind of chooser in the future. Other animals lack this second-order free will; although they can do otherwise, they cannot want to become otherwise than they are, making them amoral. Humans, in contrast, because they have second-order free will, can be moral or immoral.
Qu’est-ce que (qu’)est-ce que?
Authors: Pollock Jean-Yves , Munaro Nicola
Published: January 2025

The main goal of this chapter is to shed light on the syntax of the extremely common, though understudied, qu’est-ce que/qui questions of French and Northern Italian dialects. In addition to the surprising distribution of Que (‘what’) in French illustrated by such pairs as *Que tombe/arrive? (‘What falls/happens?’) vs. Qu’est-ce qui tombe/arrive? (‘What is it that+i falls/happens?’), the chapter investigates the strong tendency of many NIDs to make systematic use of these constructions when subjects are questioned. This is true of che and chi in Bellunese: *che/chi te disturba? (‘What/who disturbs you?’) vs. E-lo che/chi che te disturba? (‘Who is it that disturbs you?’). Similarly, the Northern Veneto dialects require the complex construction when, as in E-lo che che no te-à parecià? (‘What is it that you haven’t prepared?’), the corresponding affirmative sentence is negative *No à-tu parecià che?. Another property investigated here is the subject vs. object asymmetry of French Qu’est-ce que questions tied to a bare vs. complex qu-phrase contrast The est-ce que strategy in French must be used when que is extracted from subject position, but is banned if que is replaced by a complex qu-phrase, although extracting such phrases from non-subject positions is fine, as pointed out in Obenauer (1981): ? ?Quel joueur est-ce qui a trompé Paul? (‘What player is this that has fooled Paul?’) vs. Quel joueur est-ce que Paul a trompé? (‘What player is this that Paul has fooled?’). These puzzles have not been discussed in the (generative) literature on French and Romance. The chapter shows that they can be made to follow from UG, the HLP of Romance questions, the proper analysis of the various qu-/ch-words, and the respective status of negation in French and the NIDs. Its concluding section provides a syntactic analysis of its puzzling title.
Arguing for remnant movement in romance
Authors: Pollock Jean-Yves , Poletto Cecilia
Published: January 2025

The chapter provides a number of arguments showing that certain comparative generalizations in Romance are best captured if they are seen as reflecting the displacement of remnant constituents. The main empirical domain studied is French (real) questions like Tu as vu qui? (‘Who did you see?’), Elle a acheté quel livre? (‘What book has she bought?’), etc. In sharp opposition to a number of recent proposals claiming that the sentence-final qu-words and phrases of such questions do stand ‘in situ’ in their IP internal position, the chapter shows that they result from ‘ordinary’ qu-movement to the HLP followed by remnant IP movement to higher slots in that domain. The chapter also comes back to SCLI and CI in French and Romance and provides additional empirical arguments showing that clitics are not prefixed to the verb, implying that SCLI and CI, argued to result from real pre-spell out computations, must be due to phrasal remnant movement to the (highly split) HLP. It also ties the non-existence of CI in other Romance languages and dialects to the null subject parameter: in nullsubject languages, ‘subjects’ stand in a topic slot of the HLP to the left of IP, therefore, unlike their French counterparts, they cannot be ‘smuggled’ to the interrogative slot by SCLI.
On the syntax of French Qu’est-ce que clauses and related constructions
Authors: Pollock Jean-Yves
Published: January 2025

This chapter takes Kayne’s anti-homophony heuristic seriously and brings it to bear on the ubiquitous Que+est+ce+que sequence which very different syntactic constructions in French share, as illustrated by questions like Qu’est-ce quetu fais? (‘What are you doing?’), exclamatives like Qu’est-ce queMarie est belle! (‘How pretty Marie is!’), and the (colloquial) free relatives in sentences like Je feraiqu’est-ce que tu veux (‘I’ll do what you want’). The chapter develops a syntactic analysis for the French que, combien, and ce que exclamatives. This analysis lays the groundwork for a proper understanding of Qu’est-ce que exclamatives and relatives which draws heavily on Kayne and Pollock (2011). It claims further that in all of those constructions the ce+que sequence is the complementizer of free relatives. The chapter also brings into the fold of questions like Qu’est-ce quetu fais? sentences such as A qui est-ce que tu as parlé? (‘Who did you talk to?’), Quel livre est-ce que tu as lu? (‘What book did you read?’), which Chapter 4 failed to integrate. If this is correct, (free) relatives play a major part in the syntax of a far larger set of French constructions than had been previously envisaged. It is argued further that, in such constructions, est (‘is’) despite its spelling, is the root ε of the copula. If this is correct, its role in French questions and in Bantou copula constructions as described in Gibson, Guérois, and Marten (2019) may be seen in a comparable perspective.
Global Crisis Management
Authors: Gottschalk Petter
Published: January 2025

This chapter presents survey research regarding the seriousness of white-collar and corporate crime. The survey was administered to management students in India, criminology students in Iran, business students in Malaysia, business-school students in Norway, criminal-justice students in Romania, and criminology students in the United States. The survey research in these six nations was not undertaken at the same time. Rather, initially, in 2020, this research had access only to students in Norway and the United States. Then scholars in other countries contacted the researchers in Norway and the United States regarding the application of convenience theory as published. Over a period of some years, similar questionnaires were distributed among students in India and Iran. The last nations involved were Malaysia and Romania in 2023. The six nations are thus not the result of a selection approach to representativeness, nor were the surveys conducted at the same time.
Realism and Dissent
Authors: Jubb Robert
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores whether realism has the resources to appropriately judge challenges to liberal democratic authority. Some realists have been tempted to treat any regime that avoids particularly arbitrary or brutal rule as authoritative. This is just as problematic for distinguishing liberal democratic from autocratic regimes as any other binary view. Distinguishing between political order and political rule more thoroughly allows realists to consider the various goods that a regime offers and so the various reasons its subjects may have for treating it as authoritative. Understanding the authority of a regime, then, means understanding the details of its relationship with its subjects. That prevents detailed assessments of challenges to a right to rule, but does provide a frame to locate different forms of protest and resistance and their relationship to political order. Rage can be appropriate, just as more peaceful protest can be more deeply threatening.
“My Father Was a Wandering Aramean”
Authors: Kaminsky Joel , Hurst Allison
Published: January 2025

Ancient Israel’s foundational story enshrined the notion that its ancestors emigrated to the land of Canaan, a land that they were forced to leave repeatedly and to which they kept returning. Examples of this recurring biblical motif include: Abraham’s emigration from Mesopotamia and subsequent flight from Canaan to Egypt and return to Canaan; Jacob’s forced exile to Mesopotamia and his return to Canaan that is followed by his family’s eventual emigration to Egypt; the Israelites’ journey to Canaan from Egypt; the Babylonian destruction of Jerusalem that resulted in forced migrations to Babylonia and Egypt; and the eventual return of some of the exiles to the Persian province of Judea. This national origin story left a significant imprint on a number of biblical laws and narratives that show a deep concern for resident aliens and certain foreigners. This chapter will explore the complexity of the biblical terrain surrounding ancient Israel’s self-perception as an immigrant people and the effect this had on the biblical understanding and treatment of various categories of non-Israelites. Along the way, we will interrogate in what ways the biblical materials and conceptual categories can or cannot be usefully mapped upon and applied to the contemporary immigration crisis in the United States.
Kittens, Virgins, and Zygotes
Authors: Mendoza-Denton Norma
Published: January 2025

This chapter considers state and non-state actors’ collective investment in the control of sexuality, and more specifically the idealization of chastity through the promotion of the concepts of kawaii and cute, which are affective categories largely defined through innocence and childishness, and through an implied lack of sexual experience. Two international case studies are presented—one from Japan to understand kawaii and the other from Mexico to understand cute and its emerging analog in Mexico, kiut. The two specific cases shed light on the relationship between affective categories, nation branding, and soft power, as well as the relationship between religion and its investment in the control of reproduction and sexuality. Special attention is paid to semiotic resources (advertising/branding and toys) for the production of childishness and (sexual) innocence.
Examining Palestinian Arabs Group Rights in Israel through a Multicultural Lens
Authors: Totry-Jubran Manal
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores a multicultural perspective on the group rights of Israel’s Palestinian-Arab citizens, the country’s largest native national minority. Israel’s dual definition as both Jewish and democratic presents challenges in addressing the diverse needs of the Palestinian minority while upholding the nation’s Jewish identity and commitment to equality. To understand the group rights of Israel’s Arab minority comprehensively, the author analyzes this challenge through two lenses. The first is “external group relations,” which primarily address challenges in exercising group rights (such as in education, language, and culture) requiring state protection and often intersecting with the nation’s Jewish character. The second lens is “internal group conflicts,” concerning the demands a group imposes on its own members to safeguard itself from internal challenges that could threaten its stability. The author argues that while most external group relations are limited in scope, internal conflicts exhibit a wider spectrum of concerns.
Freedom of Expression in Israel
Authors: Shinar Adam
Published: January 2025

This chapter provides an overview and critique of the protection of free expression in Israel. It argues that protection of speech in Israel has been almost exclusively reserved to the judiciary in the face of suspicion and sometimes hostility to free expression in the legislature and the executive. This duality can be traced to a security-driven colonialist paradigm dominant during Israel’s first years, which still maintains its hold on legal consciousness. According to this paradigm, security considerations are paramount and legitimate speech restrictions. Whereas this is the case in many jurisdictions, in Israel security considerations have been understood in an expansive and expanding way, thus serving to increase speech restrictions. The Supreme Court has increasingly resisted the security-based paradigm, yet developments in Israel, underscored by a permanent state of emergency, have all but guaranteed that security-based considerations receive a great deal of deference, even when security is merely a cover for preserving Israel’s constitutional identity and ideological hegemony. The conflicting approaches to free speech thus generate, on the one hand, a right that commands broad consensus in the abstract, but on the other hand, a right whose standing is still precarious. This chapter thus tells the story of both the protection and the vulnerability of speech protection in Israel, amidst these competing poles.
Possible Human Languages
Authors: Szabó Zoltán Gendler
Published: January 2025

The aim of this chapter is to elucidate what possible human languages might be. I argue that, on any acceptable characterization of possible human languages, American Sign Language should count as one, but the Language of Peano Arithmetic should not. I then consider two ways of drawing the line that delivers this result: one based on learnability and another on useability. The two pull in different directions, setting up different ways to think about the subject matter of linguistics. I discuss how the two approaches account for the principle of compositionality and consider how limitations and impediments of human languages (such as ambiguity, vagueness, paucity, and irregularity) can motivate linguistic innovations that result in formal languages that are not humanly possible.
Do not Diagonalize
Authors: Kirk-Giannini Cameron Domenico
Published: January 2025

It is natural to hold that the content of an assertion is whatever information it communicates to its audience. In cases involving uncertainty about the semantic values of context-sensitive lexical items, it is natural to hold that the information an assertion communicates to its audience is whatever information audience members can recover from it by assuming that the proposition it semantically determines is true. This picture corresponds to an influential theory of assertoric content: diagonalism. I argue that diagonalism should be rejected because it conflicts with our intuitive judgments about the circumstances in which the contents of speakers’ assertions would be true or false. I then show that the failure of diagonalism requires us to either abandon a familiar way of thinking about information and rational assertion or hold that the content of an assertion is not always the information it communicates. I suggest that we choose the latter.
Ritualized Learning and Endangered Languages
Authors: Siewert Morgan
Published: January 2025

This chapter looks at heritage language-learning practices as ritualized language in an Anishinaabe community, and the potential this approach holds for language revitalization in Native American communities. It argues that linguistic disjunctures produced through interactions between generational categories and linguistic repertoires can help participants locate new solutions to common obstacles in intergenerational language transmission. To illustrate a potential solution, this chapter looks at how memorized and scripted performances are utilized in the teaching and learning of Anishinaabemowin, also called Ojibwe, in a generationally mixed performance and teaching context.
Ritual Language and Sacred Labor in Greater Mexico
Authors: Scheper Hughes Jennifer
Published: January 2025

The language of labor, work, burden, and effort has oriented and anchored Indigenous religious practice in Mexico prior to Spanish invasion, in colonial times, and into the present. In the long twentieth century, anthropologists and ethnohistorians encompassed this cultural complex of ideas, activities, and social structures within the rubric of the cargo system. Reflecting on the cargo not as a system, but as a religious and ritual language, a sacred semantics, allows for a more expansive, phenomenological interpretation making visible the presence of Mesoamerican worldviews not in the structure of the cargo as a ladder of influence, but rather in deeply rooted, closely held ideas of sacred collective labor that the vocabulary of cargo evokes and preserves. Here, I draw a correlation between the Nahuatl language of tequitl, the shared burdens that human beings take up to care for each other and for the sacred, and the nineteenth- and twentieth-century language of cargo.
Recipe Books
Authors: Power Henry
Published: January 2025

The surge of interest in recipe books is often attributed to the mid-eighteenth century, but there was from the Restoration period a massive increase in the number of recipe books published—and a fundamental shift in the nature of those books. These books show, perhaps more clearly than any other literary form, a culture on the cusp between manuscript and print. The reader of the printed volume is invited to look in on a private circle in which receipts circulate in manuscript; recipe books were often presented as a ‘Closet Open’d’ and crammed with authenticating personal details. Recipe books engage with cultural politics, and especially the relationship between England and the continent; the period 1640–1714 sees the emergence of two distinct types of recipe book, one (usually written by men) offering recipes in the French courtly style and another (usually written by women) reflecting practice in English households. They also reflect larger political conflicts: recipe books published during the civil wars and their aftermath insist on parallels between prudent domestic management and the orderly stewardship of the nation. Finally, their easily identifiable generic conventions make recipe books ripe for parody; the period abounds in satirical recipes, a few of which are discussed in the final section of this chapter.
Biography and Autobiography
Authors: Eckerle Julie A.
Published: January 2025

As biographical and autobiographical prose developed over the course of the seventeenth century, it became less about exemplarity—the traditional motive and theme associated with these genres—and more about defending or justifying a life. This chapter first surveys the primary categories of biographical and autobiographical prose (profession-based memoir, the funeral-sermon biography, prison narrative, family memoir, occasional meditations, etc.) produced in England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1640–1714 and then focuses on a few key examples that best demonstrate some of the broader trends. The chapter highlights key shared features of these texts, including numerous rhetorical techniques, a tendency toward genetic hybridity, and—perhaps most importantly—the urgent and often-didactic tone required of the tumultuous period in which the life-writers lived that best allow us to understand the important work that seventeenth-century autobiography and biography performed.
Sidney’s Life
Authors: Brennan Michael G.
Published: January 2025

Philip Sidney took great pride in his Sidney and Dudley family ancestry, especially the royal service of his grandfather Sir William Sidney, his father Sir Henry Sidney, and his Dudley uncles, the earls of Leicester and Warwick. This chapter details the key facts of his life, including his childhood at Penshurst, education at Shrewsbury School and University of Oxford, and his literary friendships and extensive patronage. His court career began with great expectations as the eldest son of Queen Elizabeth’s Lord Deputy of Ireland and President of Wales, leading to an extended tour of European courts, diverse intellectual friendships, and diplomatic duties. Sidney involved himself in court politics, New World exploration, and the ill-fated Low Countries campaign where he was mortally wounded in 1586. The posthumous publication of many of his writings during the 1590s confirmed his reputation as one of the most important literary figures of the late Elizabethan period.
Pastoral
Authors: Borris Kenneth
Published: January 2025

Most of Sidney’s major fictions draw much from the genealogies, themes, conventions, and functions of early modern literary pastoral, yet reconfigure this form and its possibilities in profoundly resourceful ways. Sidney’s pastoral creations reassess love, moral philosophy, poetics, politics, civic responsibility, the attainment of happiness, and accordance with nature, as well as the norms of class, gender, and sex. As was typical of sixteenth-century humanist pastoralism, appearances of rather naïve rusticity thus come to express relatively cultured and erudite agendas, often in ways involving allegory. Besides writing an innovative set of eclogues for his Old Arcadia, Sidney combined pastoral modally with other genres in his Lady of May and Arcadias to produce novel generic mixtures involving dramatic forms, courtly entertainments, narrative prose romance, and even the heroic poem. This literary form was a fundamental means of Sidneian creativity, representation, and exploratory thought.
Romance
Authors: Werth Tiffany Jo
Published: January 2025

Sidney’s New Arcadia is a notoriously hybrid literary experiment in form and genre. Existing in both manuscript and print, in finished and unfinished versions, it is shaped by Sidney’s own and posthumous hands. The prose tales of two disguised princes, fast friends, in love with two forbidden princesses, conform to, but also flout, the romance tradition of medieval and Renaissance Europe. The New Arcadia’s romance roots also reach back to the ancient and classical Hellenic romances of Greece and the Mediterranean world, but its narratives dwell in the pastoral, shadow epic, and anticipate the modern novel. The New Arcadia reflects Sidney’s absorption and reflection of the ‘strategies’ (Barbara Fuchs), ‘memes’ (Helen Cooper), and mode (Northrop Frye) of a capacious, but also ‘wandering’ (Patricia Parker) literary form. The literary form of romance has long been recognised to function in idealised and symbolic ways, but it also engages in a nascent colonial imagination, in emergent practices of agricultural stewardship, and foregrounds the plight of human vulnerability in unfamiliar, and frequently threatening, territories. Fluctuating between the demands of a fertile rhetorical copia and pastoral geography and the imperative violence of linear narrative, Sidney’s New Arcadia models a mixed or hybrid mode of worlding, or world-making.
Fiction
Authors: McEleney Corey
Published: January 2025

This chapter revisits Philip Sidney’s idealist theory of fiction from a more presentist perspective than is typically the case in Sidney studies, which tends to take a more historicist approach to the topic. Considering the aesthetic idealism of the Renaissance, as expressed in Sidney’s Defence of Poesy, in relation to the current renaissance of aesthetic idealism in literary and cultural studies, it demonstrates how such idealism is necessarily qualified by the unpredictability of reader reception. More generally, the chapter examines how the unresolved questions that the Defence raises regarding fictionality, idealism, and ideology have received an urgent, potent jolt of electricity in the context of what has been dubbed our ‘post-truth’—and, at least within the academic humanities, our ‘post-critique’—moment.
Sidney and Music
Authors: Zarnowiecki Matthew
Published: January 2025

This essay reviews a set of interlocking subjects concerning Philip Sidney and music. First, it assesses the practical question of what direct musical experience Sidney had, either as participant, auditor, or student. Sidney’s life records, practical and theoretical musical compendiums, and courtly conduct books all inform this section. Next, it examines Sidney’s musical milieu, including major theoretical and practical musical developments in secular and sacred music, in order to address how Sidney understood the relationship of poetry to music and how he may have differentiated between consort music, polyvocal song, and solo music. Macrocosmic theory of speculative music, poetic metrical experimentations, and debates about the centrality of text or music all appear in this section. Finally, it provides an overview of music in Sidney’s major works, including Certain Sonnets, Astrophil and Stella, and the Arcadia. It concludes with an assessment of the musicality of Sidney’s poetry, broadly conceived.
Sidney and Architecture
Authors: Myers Anne M.
Published: January 2025

Late-sixteenth-century England lacked a clear definition of architecture as either a profession or a field of study. Some modern scholars have lamented this absence, characterising it as a sign of unsophisticated and under-theorised aesthetic sensibilities. In the New Arcadia, however, Philip Sidney shows how the incipient nature of architecture as a concept, along with a lack of rigid architectural standards and theories, allowed him to implicate buildings in complex and varied systems of perception, interpretation, and meaning. This chapter examines two famous examples of Sidney’s literary architecture: Kalander’s house and the star-shaped lodges of Basilius, to argue that by invoking different sources and incongruous modes of description and perception, Sidney uses buildings to enhance the New Arcadia’s themes of epistemological crisis, opacity, interpretation, misunderstanding, and the absence or deferral of definite knowledge.
The Lady of May and The Four Foster Children of Desire
Authors: Crowley Timothy D.
Published: January 2025

This chapter reassesses critical interpretations of two royal entertainments involving Philip Sidney: a privately performed rustic comedy which he authored, The Lady of May, performed at his uncle Robert Dudley’s estate in Wanstead, Essex, in 1578; and an internationally public chivalric pageant in which he participated, The Four Foster Children of Desire, or Fortress of Perfect Beauty, performed at court in 1581. Both events featured Queen Elizabeth I directly in their dramatic action. This comparison of artistic designs and reconsideration of underlying motives emphasises that the theatrical deference both works show to the queen’s decision-making dramatised and affirmed her royal prerogative in matters of foreign policy.
Citizenship Categories and Their Legacies in Dutch Postcolonial Politics
Authors: Lauret Lauren , Fatah-Black Karwan
Published: January 2025

Citizenship arrangements in the Dutch empire were purposefully unequal and these inequalities were not resolved after the formal end of the empire and its imperial citizenship arrangements. Politicians and policymakers discussed various options for how to emancipate colonial subjects according to European norms of political participation, but without granting them full citizenship. This chapter contains an overview of why politicians in the past opted for this course of action, which will help to explain the current friction between the Dutch government and citizens with ties to former colonies. Research on (post)colonial citizenship is an interdisciplinary effort, requiring scholars to rethink the boundaries of the categories they work with, such as ‘citizenship’, ‘nationality’, ‘sovereignty’, and ‘law’. Broadening one’s understanding of what citizenship has meant in relation to the former Dutch colonies enables scholars not just to uncover formal inequalities, but also to explain why they came into being, how they operated, and what their legacies are.
The Evolution of Populism in Dutch Politics
Authors: de Jonge Léonie , Rooduijn Matthijs , Zaslove Andrej
Published: January 2025

This chapter traces the rise and evolution of populism and populism research in the Netherlands by taking stock of key developments in the field. In a nutshell, the authors argue that while populism does not have deep, historical roots in the Netherlands, it is now deeply rooted in the Dutch political landscape. Specifically, they show that the trajectory of populism in the Netherlands has followed a unique path, characterized by its late rise and subsequent firm integration into the partisan arena. The chapter first discusses the concept of populism and outlines how the phenomenon has manifested itself in the Dutch political landscape. It then traces the evolution of Dutch populism over time. Drawing on different strands of research, it provides an overview of the burgeoning existing literature on the topic. The final section discusses avenues for future research in an increasingly saturated field by paying particular attention to the breakthrough of the Farmer–Citizen Movement.
The Ever-Changing and Ever-Stable Dutch Party System
Authors: Otjes Simon , de Lange Sarah
Published: January 2025

Since the early 1990s, the Dutch party system has shown signs of both continuity and change. The effective number of parties has risen to a historic high, as has the level of volatility. New political parties have entered parliament and support for traditional parties has declined. Moreover, new coalition formulae have been explored. However, the spatial structure of the party system has been two-dimensional since the early 1990s, with parties taking up relatively stable positions in the political space. Moreover, despite experiments with new government formulae, the most important feature of the Dutch party system remains the partial alternation in office. It is therefore difficult to argue that genuine party system change has taken place in the Netherlands.
Descriptive Representation of Marginalized Groups in Dutch Politics
Authors: Mügge Liza , Runderkamp Zahra , Spierings Niels
Published: January 2025

As in many countries around the world, Dutch politics historically has been dominated by White abled heterosexual men. How have groups that do not fit this norm—women, citizens with a ‘migration background’, lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans (LGBT) citizens, and disabled citizens—been descriptively represented and how has this developed over time? What explains variation among the political representation of these various groups in the Netherlands? Our findings demonstrate that the groups under study are still systematically underrepresented, but some more than others. Despite progress in the last decade, there are significant differences between political parties and levels. Based on available data, representation at the national level is most diverse, while the local and provincial are less so. While data on the representation of women are relatively well collected, systematic data on other groups are lacking. More research and open-access data collection are needed to study how macro-, meso- and micro-level dynamics play out in the recruitment, election, and dropout of historically marginalized groups, and how this differs intersectionally.
The Role of (New) Media in the Dutch Political Landscape
Authors: Vliegenthart Rens , Kruikemeier Sanne , Aaldering Loes
Published: January 2025

In this chapter, the central question is how politicians make strategic use of the opportunities (social) media offer them and the ways they use those opportunities in the Dutch context. First, the authors sketch the changing role of media in the political realm, arguing that they are able to play a pivotal role and affect politicians’ communication efforts in multiple ways. Secondly, they focus on the media’s agenda-setting power and the way politicians and parties adjust their behaviour and functioning to ensure (favourable) media coverage. Thirdly, examining the changing media landscape and the rise of social media, they argue that politicians have several strategies at their disposal to make use of the opportunities social media offer—that is, personalization, interactivity, interconnectedness, targeted communication, conflictual communication, and humorous communication. They discuss their prevalence and potential effects.
Interest Group Politics in the Netherlands
Authors: Aizenberg Ellis , Braun Caelesta
Published: January 2025

Interest organizations are an essential part of contemporary democracies. They give voice to a wide variety of interests within society and relate these interests to policymaking. However, the role of interest organizations has been and still is often considered as both a blessing and a curse for democracy. This is no different for the Netherlands, where the Polder model has been regarded as both a hallmark and fiasco of interest representation. This chapter analyses the evolving nature of Dutch interest representation, applying a conceptual framework that segments the process of interest representation into interest mobilization, the impact of interest communities and organizational environment, lobby strategies, and political and policy influence. Key features of Dutch interest representation are identified: a close bond between government and a few selected interest organizations; closed networks of societal and political elites; and the disruptive and innovative potential of new modes of interest mobilization.
Labour Market Policy and Industrial Relations in the Netherlands
Authors: de Beer Paul
Published: January 2025

This chapter provides an overview of the origin and the history of labour market policies and industrial relations, and shows that there have been profound, but not very consistent changes in labour market policies and industrial relations. It discusses how Dutch policies—and the changes made to them over time—compare internationally, how the Dutch system has always been difficult to categorize, and how the once relatively clear differences between labour market regimes have narrowed over time. It also demonstrates that there is little convincing evidence for the impact of these policies on labour market performance. It concludes by offering some challenges for the study of Dutch labour market policies and industrial relations in the future.
The Precarious Politics of Dutch Immigration and Immigrant Policy
Authors: Scholten Peter
Published: January 2025

Migration and immigrant policies have become focal points in the broader transformation of Dutch politics over the last 50 years. Due to social, cultural, and economic developments within the Netherlands, but also due to the changing relations between the Netherlands and the rest of Europe and the world, migration and immigrant inclusion emerged at the very heart of Dutch politics and policymaking. The Netherlands transformed from an open and multiculturalist country into a country with a restrictive approach to immigration and a strong focus on ‘integration’. Immigration and policies towards immigrants also provided levers for the rise of populism in the post-2001 Dutch political arena. Today, migration and immigrant policies continue to challenge Dutch political actors to come to terms with societal complexity and face the limits of societal engineering in a policy domain where the influence of a small country on the global dynamics of migration is limited and Dutch policy is firmly anchored into European and global treaties.
The Politics of Innovation Policy in the Netherlands
Authors: van Est Rinie , Deuten Jasper
Published: January 2025

Innovation policy in a broad sense—all policies that affect socio-technical innovation—engages a broad range of actors, including companies, universities, research institutes, citizens, societal organizations, and governmental organizations, often interlinked in innovation networks or (eco)systems, and may target both the supply and demand side of innovations. Entering Dutch institutional jargon in the early 1970s, ‘innovation policy’ was in effect an amalgam of various policies, including industry policy, science policy, technology policy, and policies in the fields of education and communication. This chapter distinguishes and discusses four main threads in this complex field: (1) economy-focused innovation policy; (2) society-focused innovation policy; (3) policy for democratization of innovation; (4) policy for regulation and institutionalization of innovation. Much of innovation policy research focuses on techno-economic ‘push’ objectives and instruments. This chapter analyses the evolution of Dutch innovation policies from a political perspective instead, emphasizing the social context and wider impacts of the range of programmes and schemes that make up innovation policy.
A cross-sectional survey on the sexual health status of Chinese men in Guinea
Authors: Lin Yun-hua , Song Xian-tao , Wang Jun-sheng , Zhang Ning
Published: January 2025

Background

Sexual health among Chinese men living and working in Guinea has not been adequately studied.

Aim

To assess sexual health issues and related factors among Chinese men in Guinea.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted using an anonymous questionnaire, with 258 Chinese male respondents living and working in Guinea. The survey collected data on demographics, lifestyle habits, sexual activity, condom use, and knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

Outcomes

The primary outcomes included levels of sexual activity, condom use, and STD awareness.

Results

Of the respondents, 89.1% reported sexual needs, but only 11.6% were sexually active during their stay. Younger age, urban residence, and non-smoking were positively associated with sexual activity. Among those who were sexually active, 80% had multiple sexual partners, and 60% consistently used condoms, while 13.3% never used them. Condom use was found to be lower among older, married, and less educated individuals. Awareness of STDs was generally low, with an average score of 8.03 out of 12. Younger respondents, those with higher education, those who were sexually active and those who considered themselves familiar with STD knowledge had a relatively higher level of awareness. Most respondents (93%) believed that promoting sexual health education is necessary.

Clinical Implications

Findings suggest a need for targeted sexual health education and intervention programs, especially among high-risk groups.

Strengths & Limitations

The study provides valuable data on a previously unexamined population; however, its cross-sectional design and reliance on self-reported data may limit the ability to establish causal relationships.

Conclusion

The study highlights unmet sexual health needs and knowledge gaps among Chinese men in Guinea, suggesting the importance of health education and preventive measures in this population.
Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell Transplantation Promotes Bone Healing via Gap Junction-Mediated Cell-Cell Interaction
Authors: Suda Yoshihito , Taguchi Akihiko , Matsumoto Tomoyuki , Okinaka Yuka , Hayashi Shinya , Tsubosaka Masanori , Kamenaga Tomoyuki , Kuroda Yuichi , Nakano Naoki , Onoi Yuma , Tachibana Shotaro , Wada Kensuke , Saito Akira , Maeda Takuma , Araki Shotaro , Motono Kohei , Kuroda Ryosuke
Published: January 2025

Aims

Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) are a rich source of hematopoietic stem cells that have been widely used in experimental therapies for patients with various diseases, including fractures.

Activation of angiogenesis is believed to be one of the major modes of action of BM-MNCs; however, the essential mechanism by which BM-MNCs activate angiogenesis remains elusive. This study aimed to demonstrate that BM-MNCs promote bone healing by enhancing angiogenesis through direct cell-to-cell interactions via gap junctions, in addition to a previously reported method.

Methods

Using a murine fracture model, we aimed to elucidate the relationship between gap junction-mediated cell-to-cell interactions and enhanced fracture healing after BM-MNC transplantation. We evaluated the transfer of substances from BM-MNCs to vascular endothelial cells and osteoblasts in the tissues surrounding the fracture site and assessed the effects of BM-MNC transplantation on bone healing, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis.

Results

BM-MNCs transferred substances to vascular endothelial cells and osteoblasts in the tissues surrounding the fracture site. Moreover, BM-MNC transplantation promoted bone healing via gap junction-mediated cell-to-cell interactions, accelerating both angiogenesis and osteogenesis.

Conclusions

Our findings provide a novel understanding of fracture healing mechanisms and suggest that BM-MNC transplantation enhances bone healing through gap junction-mediated cell-to-cell interactions, contributing to the development of regenerative medicine strategies targeting bone repair.
Getting high school students doing mathematical research
Authors: Baker Swart Breeanne , Chen Mei-Qin , Flórez Rigoberto , Mukherjee Antara
Published: January 2025

This paper explores strategies for involving high school students with an algebra background in mathematical research endeavors. Through the utilization of open problems sourced from respected academic journals, we guide students in problem-solving approaches and ultimately achieving solutions. The students are not only encouraged to submit their findings for publication but also to partake in public presentations.
Mistaken for migraine
Authors: Morgan Anna , Hoyt Stephen James , Park Jamie , Holmes Vic
Published: January 2025

The incidence of coccidioidomycosis has been rising in the past decade. This case report focuses on a man with a history of persistent migraine who presented to the ED with altered mental status. After cerebrospinal fluid testing, the patient was diagnosed with coccidioidal meningitis and treated with lifelong antifungal therapy. Clinician awareness and early identification of this disease can lead to reduced patient morbidity and mortality.
Orthopedic management of a patient with synovial chondromatosis
Authors: Smith Shawn C. , Snyder Garrett M.
Published: January 2025

This article reviews practice guidelines, diagnosis, and treatment for synovial chondromatosis, a rare, benign condition that involves the synovium of the joints, most commonly the knee. The condition also can affect the hip, ankle, shoulder, elbow, and temporomandibular joint.
Transgender Youth Rarely Regret Gender-Affirming Care
Authors: Roush Karen
Published: January 2025

Most of those surveyed said they were satisfied with such care.
Clinic- and prescriber-level deimplementation strategies help reduce opioid prescribing
Authors: Rosenberg Karen
Published: January 2025

ACCORDING TO THIS STUDY:
Acute pelvic pain
Authors: Nielsen Tiffany , Bribiesca Rosa , Whealon Candice
Published: January 2025

Acute pelvic pain in reproductive-aged persons who are assigned female at birth is associated with an extensive differential diagnosis, with possible causes ranging from the genitourinary or gastrointestinal to the musculoskeletal or neurovascular, in some cases even extending to psychological and dermatologic presentations. This article presents a case study that serves as an exemplar of the differential diagnosis of acute pelvic pain, culminating in diagnosis of the patient with a hemorrhagic ovarian cyst as well as a review of outpatient surveillance guidelines for adnexal masses. Management of this difficult-to-diagnose condition is reviewed, and special populations are considered.