bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defining the molecular identity and morphology ofglia limitans superficialisastrocytes in mouse and human
Authors: Hasel Philip , Cooper Melissa L , Marchildon Anne E , Rufen-Blanchette Uriel A , Kim Rachel D , Ma Thong C , Kang Un Jung , Chao Moses V , Liddelow Shane A
Published: April 2023

Astrocytes are a highly abundant glial cell type that perform critical homeostatic functions in the central nervous system. Like neurons, astrocytes have many discrete heterogenous subtypes. The subtype identity and functions are, at least in part, associated with their anatomical location and can be highly restricted to strategically important anatomical domains. Here, we report that astrocytes forming theglia limitans superficialis, the outermost border of brain and spinal cord, are a highly specialized astrocyte subtype and can be identified by a single marker: Myocilin (Myoc). We show thatMyoc+ astrocytes cover the entire brain and spinal cord surface, exhibit an atypical morphology, and are evolutionarily conserved from rodents to humans. Identification of this highly specialized astrocyte subtype will advance our understanding of CNS homeostasis and potentially be targeted for therapeutic intervention to combat peripheral inflammatory effects on the CNS.
Development of self-regulated lifelong learning (SR3Ls) model in the era of IR4.0 for post-pandemic economy
Authors: Por Fei Ping , Muniandy Balakrishnan
Published: April 2023

Purpose

To continue to stay relevant in the era of Industry Revolution 4.0 (IR4.0) alongside the unprecedented disruption of COVID-19, the importance of lifelong learning is indisputable though this concept has existed for decades. In this context, open and distance learning (ODL) institutions are urged to re-think and re-design their online learning support systems that inculcate self-regulated lifelong learning (SR3Ls) in their learners to be adaptable and resilient for the post-pandemic economy. The purpose of this paper is to develop a SR3Ls model, namely SR3Ls model by utilising the collective opinions of a panel of experts to determine the key domains and attributes.

Design/methodology/approach

A 2-round Delphi consensus study was conducted with 39 experts from five countries. The mean, standard deviation (SD), inter-quartile range (IQR) and the ratio of experts assigned score of 4 or greater were used as the basis of consensus assessment with criteria set at mean = 3.0, SD = 1.5, IQR = 1, ratio on score 4 or greater at = 75%. The questionnaire consisted of 5-point Likert-type scale rating the importance level of each attribute combined with open-ended questions.

Findings

This paper presented the findings of the first round of Delphi consensus study. For the first round, the experts were asked to evaluate 31 key attributes of SR3Ls model under five domains. The findings revealed that there were five key attributes to be eliminated from the list, while there were seven attributes identified as the key attributes with highest consensus. There were additional attributes suggested by the Delphi panel to be added in the second round of evaluation.

Originality/value

This international consensus-based SR3Ls model serves as an important benchmark for ODL institutions across the regions in developing meaningful and relevant online learning support systems for their learners to adopt SR3Ls attributes in order to meet the dynamic market demands.
Household food waste in domestic gatherings – the negotiation between social and moral duties
Authors: Aleshaiwi Alia
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The paper investigates household food waste at domestic gatherings. It explains how surplus food and food waste are generated, managed and disposed of at gatherings hosted in homes. It reveals how hosts negotiate their social duties to be generous and moral duties to avoid food waste.

Design/methodology/approach

Twenty-eight in-depth interviews were conducted with female, Saudi citizens and analyzed thematically using Braun and Clarke's approach. Goffman's theoretical concepts were deployed later in the analysis process to expose the complex nature of hospitality practices.

Findings

It reveals two main insights. First, the hosts' social duties involve staging the dinner table in line with hospitality norms. Such a staging almost always results in large amounts of surplus, but is necessary to manage guests' impressions and avoid criticism. Second, the enactment of moral and religious beliefs helps to divert surplus food away from waste toward charitable giving and, thence, to other forms of consumption. The findings reveal the social and moral purposes that surplus food serves; it enables people to be generous and charitable.

Practical implications

Such insights provide guidance to practitioners by revealing how providing mechanisms for people to enact their existing moral beliefs can keep surplus food away from the waste stream.

Originality/value

It contributes to the limited food waste literature on domestic gatherings and moral and religious beliefs. Also, using Goffman's concepts adds depth to such an under-theorized area and a new lens to look at food waste-related practices as they are embedded within social interactions.
An exploration of a third participatory museology approach in the interaction with local business and tradition at the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area art museums
Authors: Fan Jin
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to summarize the conditions under which participatory art museums and local commercial traditions can have positive and sustained interactions.

Design/methodology/approach

The methods include studying the quantity and content of exhibitions in the four cities of the Bay Area, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hong Kong and Shunde, to compare their academic positioning and influence on local commercial production. Through interviewing curators, artists and university scholars who are active in the Bay Area and are invited by the museums on a regular basis, it will let us understand the attitudes from the government, public and capital towards the regional art museums and how these attitudes influence the choice of theme in the participatory art museum practice.

Findings

To summarize the findings, the author concludes that a participatory art gallery with commercial production in the Bay Area requires the following: a long tradition of local business and wealth accumulation; a local area is of a size where the community of acquaintances can interact on a regular basis; continued interest of a diverse local elite, including a mix of businessmen and gentry, government officials and various sectors of the public; and museums serving as intermediaries to coordinate the effective integration of the commercial and traditional resources.

Originality/value

Participatory approaches and their impacts are a shared area of interest across urban planning, heritage studies and the creative arts. Crucially, solely relying on either the Latin bottom-up community-oriented approach (Barnes, 2003) or the British top-down policy-oriented approach (Heijnen, 2010) did not maximize benefits, though these distinctive two approaches were convinced that museums should play a larger role in becoming agents of contemporary social change. By contrast, in focusing on Chinese Art Museums, this study will explore participatory practice in the Asian context. In doing so, it will not only diversify the emerging literature on the social and economic impacts of arts and heritage organizations but also challenge the Western lens through which participatory approaches are viewed in the interdisciplinary literature. As Lefebvre acknowledged his lack of non-Western regions in his research, this study will offer new perspectives on museology and its contributions to the Production of Space.
Transaction costs and costs of activity independence in B2B buyer-supplier relationships: analysis of Central and Eastern European companies
Authors: Dobroszek Justyna , Mourão Paulo Reis , Urbaniak Maciej
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to identify purchasing-related costs through the prism of transaction costs and costs of purchasing management activity.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a survey among 150 medium and large manufacturing companies in the chemical, automotive and electromechanical industries operating in Central and Eastern European countries. The collected data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis.

Findings

The studied companies carry out an integrated purchasing-related cost system. The authors found a statistical significance of the covariances between the pretransaction, transaction and post-transaction costs. In addition, costs that are of particular importance in long-term purchasing transactions were identified. Moreover, the authors identified the costs of quality and support actions as the most significant.

Practical implications

This research details the discussion of costs with consideration for the insights of managers of medium-sized and large companies.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to the knowledge of purchasing-related costs through the lens of the total cost of ownership that influences the purchasing management and the decisions within the buyer-supplier relationship.
A sixth-order finite difference WENO scheme for non-linear degenerate parabolic equations: an alternative technique
Authors: Abedian Rooholah
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to construct a sixth-order weighted essentially nonoscillatory scheme for simulating the nonlinear degenerate parabolic equations in a finite difference framework.

Design/methodology/approach

To design this scheme, we approximate the second derivative in these equations in a different way, which of course is still in a conservative form. In this way, unlike the common practice of reconstruction, the approximation of the derivatives of odd order is needed to develop the numerical flux.

Findings

The results obtained by the new scheme produce less error compared to the results of other schemes in the literature that are recently developed for the nonlinear degenerate parabolic equations while requiring less computational times.

Originality/value

This research develops a new weighted essentially nonoscillatory scheme for solving the nonlinear degenerate parabolic equations in multidimensional space. Besides, any selection of the constants (sum equals one is the only requirement for them), named the linear weights, will obtain the desired accuracy.
Global research performance on social media security: a bibliometric visualization analysis
Authors: Chhtrapati Devang , Trivedi Dharmendra , Chaudhari Shanti P. , Sharma Arpit , Bhatt Atul
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study concentrates on assessing the research productivity in the domain of social media security in the past decades. The purpose of this study is to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric review on social media using various bibliometric indicators.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 8,121 scientific publications were retrieved from Scopus database from period 1998 to 2021 using associated keyword search. This study also used VOSviewer© tool to evaluate the network visualisation.

Findings

The result of this study revealed that there is a steady growth of annual publications except for the years 2015 and 2016. A total of 8,121 scientific publications and 80,454 total citations were found with 11.2 average citations per publication. The USA, China and India were top productive countries in terms of publishing research in the field; Chinese Academy of Sciences secured top position with 126 publications in highly productive organisation in the domain. The lecture notes in computer science from Springer Nature received a highly produced title with 553 publications and 4,453 total citations. For co-occurrence of author’s keywords, network visualisation analysis revealed that “Social Media”, “Social Network”, “Security”, “Privacy” and “Trust” found maximum occurrence in the domain of social media security.

Research limitations/implications

This study provides comprehensive research status of social media security by performing a bibliometric analysis. The findings of this study will help relevant researchers to understand the research trend, pursue scientific collaborators and enhance research topic preferences.

Originality/value

The rareness of this study, detailed bibliometric analysis on the domain of social media security, is proven using numerous bibliometric indicators and application of VOSviewer in the domain.
Enhancing intrinsic learning motivation through gamification: a self-determination theory perspective
Authors: Luarn Pin , Chen Chiao-Chieh , Chiu Yu-Ping
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The use of gamification might offer a partial solution to the decline in students' motivation and engagement the school system is currently facing. However, there has been a lack of empirical evidence on whether and how gamification may be able to improve learning motivation. Specifically, this study aims at exploring the antecedents and consequences of intrinsic learning motivation and its mediating role in gamification context.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey method was used to gather the information from students, and regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between three categories of gamification features (social, achievement and immersion), and intrinsic learning motivation. Moreover, this study further used self-determination theory to clarify how students' psychological needs (relatedness, competence and autonomy) mediate the effects of gamification and learning motivation.

Findings

Results showed that social, achievement and immersion features are key aspects that impact students' intrinsic motivation. The psychological needs of students can further enhance these relationships.

Originality/value

Overall, the findings illuminate the unique motivations for learning and reveal design strategies that can be implemented to improve teaching through gamification features.
Socio-economic characteristics, mobile phone ownership and banking behaviour of individuals as determinants of digital financial inclusion in India
Authors: Ali Jabir , Ghildiyal Archana Kumari
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This paper aims at analysing the socio-economic characteristics, mobile phone ownership and banking behaviour as key determinants of digital financial inclusion in India.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is based on the Global Findex Survey of the World Bank covering 3,000 adult individuals in India. Simple statistical tools such as descriptive statistics, chi-square test and regression analysis with a marginal effect have been used for the data analysis.

Findings

About 35.2% of respondents have reported using digital financial services in the country. There is a significant association between the socio-economic profiles of individuals with the adoption of digital financial services in terms of gender, age, education, occupation and income. The marginal effect indicates that socio-economic factors, mobile phone ownership and banking behaviour of individuals towards borrowings and savings have indicated significant influence on digital financial inclusion. The analysis depicts that male with higher age, education, working status and higher income are more likely to adopt digital financial services. Further, individuals with mobile phone ownership and utilising banking in terms of borrowings and savings are more likely to adopt digital financial services.

Practical implications

As digital banking services have emerged as a preferred channel for financial service delivery, this study provides timely insights on developing user driven-strategies for promoting digital financial services.

Originality/value

Socio-economic characteristics, mobile phone ownership and banking behaviour are critical determinants of financial inclusion, so assessing its implications in the era of digitisation becomes imperative.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-10-2022-0673.
The Multi-Modality Practitioner (MMP) approach: a technically eclectic, multimodal workforce innovation in the provision of support for individuals and families with multiple needs
Authors: Lidbetter Nicky , Eaton Emma , Cookson Paul , Bell Moira
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to describe and detail a new workforce initiative developed by a third sector organisation: the Multi-Modality Practitioner (MMP) approach, in the provision of support for individuals and families presenting in the community with multiple and varied needs.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper presents a case study on a third sector organisation’s pioneering workforce initiative – the MMP approach.

Findings

The MMP approach has been developed as an alternative to existing approaches designed to address “single issues”, providing those working in the fields of health and social care and beyond, with a range of technically eclectic interventions from different modalities and approaches, to enable them to appropriately meet the needs of individuals and families presenting with multiple needs.

Research limitations/implications

This case study is limited to providing a rationale for the development of the MMP approach and a description. It does not include any formal analysis as a future evaluative paper will report on an independent theory-based examination of the MMP approach via Theory of Change and Contribution Analysis methodologies.

Practical implications

This case study describes the innovative role that the MMP approach as a workforce innovation plays in meeting multiple needs in the community when deployed as either a stand-alone approach, or one that can be integrated with existing community-based services including, but not limited to, mental health, employability, addiction, housing, homelessness, public health and child and family services.

Social implications

The MMP approach constitutes a disruptive, pionneering, client-centred, workplace innovation that is trauma-informed, relational, strengths-based and continuity of care focused, capable of supporting individuals and families with multiple needs, negating onward referral and with potential to reduce demand on public services. It also provides those working in a range of health and social care roles with the opportunity to expand their therapeutic repertoire through high-quality, multi-skilled training in evidence-based and societally important, technically eclectic interventions drawn from a range of modalities.

Originality/value

Pluralistic practice and multimodal theories have been in existence for over two decades, the MMP approach however, whilst sharing some of these concepts and philosophies, differs in that it provides those trained in the approach with a ‘toolkit’ of interventions that are technically eclectic, drawn from a range of modalities and approaches and aimed at meeting multiple needs in a pragmatic and accessible manner. Furthermore, the Diploma in Multi-Modality Practice is the first training course of its kind available at postgraduate level.
Barossa be consumed: a semiotic smorgasbord for Southeast Asians
Authors: Shaw Michael , Bandara Priyantha , Khan Sardana Islam
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study is an attempt to apply the techniques of semiotics in conjunction with quantitative analysis to decode and interpret an advertisement which promotes the South Australian Barossa Valley as a tourist destination.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was submitted to a Southeast Asian student and postgraduate sample. Regression analysis and qualitative analysis were carried out, which suggested that the advertisement was engaging the majority of the audience.

Findings

Most respondents expressed a desire to visit the location and used language which was evocative and connective. Those who did not or who were turned off by the advertisement's content expressed themselves in language which terminated further engagement.

Research limitations/implications

The sample was a non-target group, but this is an advantage because it provides a base level of unconditioned response.

Practical implications

A better understanding of semiotics may reinforce other areas of marketing endeavour such as social marketing approaches which are gaining more importance in the still developing COVID-19 economy. This methodology can be extended to other marketing communication contexts.

Social implications

Once campaigns have been aimed at target audiences, there may be potential to orientate another campaign at non-target audiences using the same advertisement. In terms of global marketing, this is extension rather than adaptation.

Originality/value

This study provides an example of how marketing could use semiotics in conjunction with quantitative methods to determine an audience's response and the intention to purchase a product or service.
Upscaling method based on sedimentary cycle prior and its application to well‐to‐seismic tie
Authors: Tian Yajun , Stovas Alexey , Gao Jinghuai
Published: April 2023

A well‐to‐seismic tie is a typical upscaling problem. The traditional well‐to‐seismic tie methods often use the velocity log directly to tie well logs to seismic data without considering the upscaling problem led by the velocity dispersion due to thin beds. We propose an upscaling method based on the Backus average method to upscale the well‐log velocity to seismic velocity and apply it to a well‐to‐seismic tie problem. For Backus average method, choosing an appropriate average window is a crucial issue. We introduce a synchrosqueezing optimal basic wavelet transform to calculate an average window. The synchrosqueezing optimal basic wavelet transform is a time–frequency representation method, which can extract the sedimentary cycle information from seismic data. Considering the relationship between the sedimentary cycle and the thin‐bed thickness, we propose a workflow to estimate the instantaneous thin‐bed thickness based on synchrosqueezing optimal basic wavelet transform and determine the window length of the Backus average at each depth point. Then, the Backus average is used to estimate the effective velocity, which is further used to calculate the initial time–depth function and transfer the reflection coefficients from the depth domain to the time domain. Choosing an appropriate seismic wavelet is another fundamental problem for the well‐to‐seismic tie process. This paper introduces an alternating iterative deep neural network‐based method to estimate the seismic wavelet. Thus realistic synthetic seismograms can be computed by convolving the estimated seismic wavelet and the reflection coefficient, which can be stretched or squeezed to match the near‐well seismic trace. We show that the proposed workflow effectively reduces the errors in a well‐to‐seismic tie procedure caused by velocity dispersion of thin beds.
Temporal sweet taste dominance according to adult body mass index classification
Authors: Lima Rafael Sousa , Ramos Lizandra Mesquita , de Medeiros Sousa Vinícius , Tonucci Livia Bordalo , Pereira Cecília Teresa Muniz , Pereira Dalva Muniz , de Medeiros Alessandra Cazelatto , Bolini Helena Maria André
Published: April 2023

Excess adipose tissue is associated with basic tastes perception change, which can negatively affect food choices. However, the effect of overweight and obesity on sensory perception is not clearly explained in the literature yielding heterogeneous results. The present investigation aimed to investigate the temporal dominance of sweet taste according to body mass index (BMI) classification in adults during the ingestion of five passion fruit nectar samples prepared with different sucrose concentrations. The temporal dominance of sensations methodology was applied, which allowed the representation of the stimuli assessed in dominance curves, considering a significant difference in Fisher's exact test (p ≤ 0.05). The attributes evaluated were sweet taste, bitter taste, acidic taste, astringency, passion fruit flavor, metallic taste, or none of the previous options. The sensory analysis was performed with the participation of ninety adult consumers, divided into three groups: EG = eutrophic, WG = overweight, and OG = obesity group, according to the BMI classification. Between the groups a difference in the perception of the attribute “sweet taste” was observed: The EG demonstrated perception of the stimulus in food samples at lower sucrose concentrations, whereas WG and OG showed a higher rate of sweet taste dominance in the food samples with higher concentration of sucrose. Overweight and obese individuals have a lower sensory perception of sweet taste and require a greater amount of sucrose to producing sensory dominance of the attribute “sweet taste” when compared to eutrophic individuals.

Practical Application

Overweight and obese individuals may experience taste perception in foods in a different way. This study investigated the dominance of sweet taste perception in a fruit beverage by adults with adequate weight and overweight. The results of the tests support the hypothesis that obese and nonobese individuals differ in the sweet taste perception, which can help to understand which factors are involved in sensory perception and food consumption, in addition to providing subsidies for the nonalcoholic beverage industry to elaborate products with new alternatives for concentration and/or replacement of sucrose.
Saving the world through private‐sector efficiency and local empowerment? Discursive legitimacy construction for social entrepreneurship in the Global South
Authors: Katzer Eva , Sendlhofer Tina
Published: April 2023

In efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, social entrepreneurship has gained popularity as a vehicle for positive change in developing countries. The multiplicity of stakeholders, diverging sociocultural contexts and the hybrid mission complicate the process of legitimacy construction for social entrepreneurs as a basis for the acquisition of scarce resources. This study investigates how social entrepreneurs operating in Sub‐Saharan Africa and Asia tackle this challenge of bridging conflicting directions in discursive interaction with their European funders. We conduct a multimodal discourse analysis to uncover discursive strategies for legitimacy construction by combining linguistic data from interviews with visual data from social media accounts. Legitimacy construction, and thus resource acquisition, centers on three aspects which interlink pragmatic, cognitive and moral legitimacy: developing innovative solutions, mobilizing private‐sector efficiency, and contributing to local empowerment. Presenting these aspects as mutually reinforcing overcomes contradictions between social and business logics and provides an expanded space for legitimacy construction of social entrepreneurship. Discursively constructing legitimacy around a ‘glorified version of social entrepreneurship’ mobilizes resources but downplays the risk of being an entrepreneur in the Global South, contributing to increasing corporatization of social purpose organizations.
Large‐scale long‐term passive‐acoustic monitoring reveals spatio‐temporal activity patterns of boreal bats
Authors: Kotila Miika , Suominen Kati M. , Vasko Ville V. , Blomberg Anna S. , Lehikoinen Aleksi , Andersson Tommi , Aspi Jouni , Cederberg Tony , Hänninen Jari , Inkinen Jasmin , Koskinen Janne , Lundberg Göran , Mäkinen Katja , Rontti Markku , Snickars Martin , Solbakken Jostein , Sundell Janne , Syvänperä Ilkka , Vuorenmaa Silja , Ylönen Jari , Vesterinen Eero J. , Lilley Thomas M.
Published: April 2023

The distribution ranges and spatio‐temporal patterns in the occurrence and activity of boreal bats are yet largely unknown due to their cryptic lifestyle and lack of suitable and efficient study methods. We approached the issue by establishing a permanent passive‐acoustic sampling setup spanning the area of Finland to gain an understanding on how latitude affects bat species composition and activity patterns in northern Europe. The recorded bat calls were semi‐automatically identified for three target taxa; Myotis spp., Eptesicus nilssonii or Pipistrellus nathusii and the seasonal activity patterns were modeled for each taxa across the seven sampling years (2015–2021). We found an increase in activity since 2015 for E. nilssonii and Myotis spp. For E. nilssonii and Myotis spp. we found significant latitude ‐dependent seasonal activity patterns, where seasonal variation in patterns appeared stronger in the north. Over the years, activity of P. nathusii increased during activity peak in June and late season but decreased in mid season. We found the passive‐acoustic monitoring network to be an effective and cost‐efficient method for gathering bat activity data to analyze spatio‐temporal patterns. Long‐term data on the composition and dynamics of bat communities facilitates better estimates of abundances and population trend directions for conservation purposes and predicting the effects of climate change.
Genetic mixing facilitates adaptation to a novel environmental constraint
Authors: Durkee Lily F. , Olazcuaga Laure , Szymanski Rachael , Melbourne Brett A. , Hufbauer Ruth A.
Published: April 2023

Climate change can affect the length and timing of seasons, which in turn can alter the time available for insects to complete their life cycles and successfully reproduce. Intraspecific hybridization between individuals from genetically distinct populations, or admixture, can boost fitness in populations experiencing environmental challenges. Admixture can particularly benefit small and isolated populations that may have high genetic load by masking deleterious alleles, thereby immediately increasing fitness, and also by increasing the genetic variation available for adaptive evolution. To evaluate the effects of admixture on populations exposed to a novel life cycle constraint, we used the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, as a model system. Distinct laboratory lineages were kept isolated or mixed together to create populations containing 1–4 lineages. We then compared the fitness of admixed populations to 1‐lineage populations while subjecting them to a shortened generation time for three generations. Admixture did not influence fitness after two generations. In contrast, in the third generation, admixed populations had significantly greater fitness compared with 1‐lineage populations. The timing of the increase in fitness for the admixed populations suggests that adaptation to the novel environmental constraint occurred in the experimental populations. Our study highlights the importance of admixture for facilitating rapid adaptation to changes in seasonality, and more broadly to environmental change.
Molar–incisor hypomineralisation in Norwegian children: Prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Haque Afzal Sadaf , Wigen Tove Irene , Skaare Anne Berit , Brusevold Ingvild Johnsen
Published: April 2023

This study investigated the prevalence and associations of molar–incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) in 8–9 year‐old children in Oslo. A total of 3013 children in one age cohort participated in the study during their regular dental examination at the Public Dental Service. Hypomineralised enamel defects were recorded according to the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry criteria for MIH. Information on health and medications used during pregnancy and in the child's first 3 years of life was obtained from a questionnaire administered to parents. The overall prevalence of MIH was 28.2%, with no gender difference. A higher prevalence of MIH was found in children who had been ill or had used medication in early life and in those whose mother had been ill during pregnancy. No association was found between MIH and prematurity or maternal use of medication during pregnancy. The multivariable analyses showed that children with MIH were more likely to have suffered from illness in early life (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.17–1.70), used antibiotics during the first year of life (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.19–2.35), experienced tooth pain (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.03–1.72), and experienced pain while toothbrushing (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.46–3.23) than children without MIH. The prevalence of MIH was high in the children participating in this study.
Transgenerational effect on sexual reproduction in rotifer populations in relation to the environmental predictability of their habitats
Authors: Colinas Noemi , Carmona María J. , Serra Manuel , García‐Roger Eduardo M.
Published: April 2023

One way to cope with predictable environmental fluctuations that affect several generations of individuals is through nongenetic transgenerational effects. Ancestors match the phenotype of their descendants to the environment the latter are expected to experience. In facultatively sexual rotifer life cycles, sex is linked to the production of diapausing eggs, which enables survival between growing seasons. In some rotifer species, sexual reproduction is inhibited several generations after diapausing eggs hatch. We hypothesised that in ponds where the growing season length is predictable, rotifer clones reproduce asexually for more generations, allowing a fuller exploitation of the growing season and maximising production of diapausing eggs at the end of the season.

We tested this prediction by estimating the proportion of sexual females produced by several clones of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis inhabiting eight ponds that vary in the predictability of the length of their growing season.

Rotifer clones from more predictable ponds were unresponsive to cues that induce sexual reproduction for more generations after leaving diapause than clones from unpredictable ponds. However, clones from more unpredictable ponds did respond to these cues from early generations, probably as a way to ensure the production of diapausing eggs against the risk of an unexpectedly early end to the growing season. Significant within‐population clonal variation was observed in transgenerational responses.

Our results showed that the transgenerational inhibition of sexual reproduction observed in B. plicatilis evolved in clones from habitats where the length of the growing season (i.e., the period when populations are active in the water column) is more predictable on an interannual scale. Our findings also suggest that the longer the growing season, the more prolonged the inhibition effect (i.e., it affects a greater number of asexual generations).

This research shows the importance of understanding how organisms adapt to fluctuating environments through transgenerational strategies and establishes the groundwork for future studies of the regulatory mechanisms underlying the transgenerational modulation of sex in rotifers.
Stochastic resonance in climate reddening increases the risk of cyclic ecosystem extinction via phase‐tipping
Authors: Alkhayuon Hassan , Marley Jessa , Wieczorek Sebastian , Tyson Rebecca C.
Published: April 2023

Human activity is leading to changes in the mean and variability of climatic parameters in most locations around the world. The changing mean has received considerable attention from scientists and climate policy makers. However, recent work indicates that the changing variability, that is, the amplitude and the temporal autocorrelation of deviations from the mean, may have greater and more imminent impact on ecosystems. In this paper, we demonstrate that changes in climate variability alone could drive cyclic predator–prey ecosystems to extinction via so‐calledphase‐tipping(P‐tipping), a new type of instability that occurs only from certain phases of the predator–prey cycle. We construct a mathematical model of a variable climate and couple it to two self‐oscillating paradigmatic predator–prey models. Most importantly, we combine realistic parameter values for the Canada lynx and snowshoe hare with actual climate data from the boreal forest. In this way, we demonstrate that critically important species in the boreal forest have increased likelihood of P‐tipping to extinction under predicted changes in climate variability, and are most vulnerable during stages of the cycle when the predator population is near its maximum. Furthermore, our analysis reveals thatstochastic resonanceis the underlying mechanism for the increased likelihood of P‐tipping to extinction.
Association of proton pump inhibitor and antibiotic use with the clinical outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma patients receiving atezolizumab and bevacizumab: A multicenter analysis
Authors: Hatanaka Takeshi , Kakizaki Satoru , Hiraoka Atsushi , Tada Toshifumi , Hirooka Masashi , Kariyama Kazuya , Tani Joji , Atsukawa Masanori , Takaguchi Koichi , Itobayashi Ei , Fukunishi Shinya , Tsuji Kunihiko , Ishikawa Toru , Tajiri Kazuto , Ochi Hironori , Yasuda Satoshi , Toyoda Hidenori , Ogawa Chikara , Nishimura Takashi , Shimada Noritomo , Kawata Kazuhito , Kosaka Hisashi , Naganuma Atsushi , Yata Yutaka , Tanaka Takaaki , Ohama Hideko , Tada Fujimasa , Nouso Kazuhiro , Morishita Asahiro , Tsutsui Akemi , Nagano Takuya , Itokawa Norio , Okubo Tomomi , Arai Taeang , Imai Michitaka , Koizumi Yohei , Nakamura Shinichiro , Kaibori Masaki , Iijima Hiroko , Hiasa Yoichi , Kumada Takashi ,   Real‐life Practice Experts for HCC (RELPEC) Study Group, and HCC 48 Group (hepatocellular carcinoma experts from 48 clinics in Japan)
Published: April 2023

Aim

This retrospective study aimed to investigate the impact of proton pump inhibitor treatment (PPI) and antibiotic treatment on the therapeutic outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients receiving atezolizumab and bevacizumab (Atez/Bev).

Methods

The present study included a total of 441 HCC patients who were treated with Atez/Bev in 20 Japanese institutions from September 2020 to April 2022. We adopted the inverse probability of treatment weight to adjust for imbalance in the baseline characteristics of patients with and without PPI treatment as well as patients with and without antibiotic treatment.

Results

The progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with and without PPI treatment did not differ to a statistically significant extent. In the weighted cohort, the difference in PFS and OS between the patients with and without PPI did not reach statistical significance (median PFS, 7.0 vs. 6.5 months, p = 0.07; 1‐year survival rate 66.3% and 73.8%, p = 0.9). The PFS and OS in patients with antibiotic treatment were worse in comparison to patients without antibiotic treatment (median PFS, 3.8 vs. 7.0 months, p = 0.007; 1‐year survival rate 58.8% and 70.3%, p = 0.01). In the weighted cohort, the PFS and OS of the two groups did not differ to a statistically significant extent (median PFS, 3.8 vs. 6.7 months, p = 0.2; 1‐year survival rate, 61.8% and 71.0%, p = 0.6).

Conclusions

The therapeutic outcomes of Atez/Bev in HCC patients did not differ between patients with and without PPI treatment or between patients with and without antibiotic treatment.
Eco‐anxiety and environmental sustainability interest: A secondary data analysis
Authors: Chung Sophia J. , Jang Sun Joo , Lee Haeyoung
Published: April 2023

Climate change is an increasingly important global concern, requiring urgent action. To achieve environmental sustainability, identifying the predictors influencing individuals' actions is necessary. Individuals with negative psychological responses to climate change, such as eco‐anxiety, are more likely to engage in pro‐environmental behaviour. However, eco‐anxiety and other perceptions associated with climate change and sustainability can differ based on an individual's unique background. Therefore, this study aimed to identify potent predictors of individuals' environmental sustainability interest and examine the impact of eco‐anxiety on environmental sustainability interest. Data from 459 South Korean adults (19–65 years) were included in this secondary analysis. Eco‐anxiety, climate change risk perception and future event cognition were assessed by the Climate Change Anxiety Scale, the Climate Change Risk Perception Inventory and Future Event Questionnaires, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that eco‐anxiety was the most potent predictor of environmental sustainability interest, followed by climate change risk perception, age 60–65 years, future event cognition and age under 30 years. Considering that eco‐anxiety is the most potent predictor of environmental sustainability interest, mental health nurses should assess patients' eco‐anxiety level and help them recognize and manage their anxiety levels appropriately. Age‐specific approaches should be considered for interventions to enhance environmental sustainability interest. Further studies are needed to determine the cut‐off anxiety level that influences the positive impact on environmental sustainability interest and to develop programmes to manage eco‐anxiety.
Determinants of bank capital adequacy: International evidence from G7 countries
Authors: Кishibayeva Botagoz , Jaxybekova Galiya , Nurgalieva Gulnar , Wada Isah , Faizulayev Alimshan
Published: April 2023

The study presents the determinants of bank capital for the G7 countries from 1999 to 2017. It employs a dynamic ordinary least square panel methodology for empirical estimation. The findings suggest that bank capital to total asset, bank z‐score and the real output growth are positive determinants of bank regulatory capital. Conversely, bank return on assets is found to be a negative determinant. After constructing an index for profitability using the approach of the component analysis, the empirical result reveals an inverse relationship between bank profitability and the regulatory minimum capital. Diagnostic tests and robustness checks confirm the empirical consistency of the findings reported. Thus, in applying the panel pairwise causality test, the evidence of bi‐directional Granger causality suggests a feedback relationship for five significant scenarios and unidirectional nexus in others. For policy consideration, the results stressed the need for optimal due diligence weighing the benefit and cost implication of upward or downward adjustment of bank regulatory minimum capital.
Exchange graphs of cluster algebras have the non‐leaving‐face property
Authors: Fu Changjian , Geng Shengfei , Liu Pin
Published: April 2023

This note shows that for any cluster algebra, the exchange graph has the non‐leaving‐face property.
Guided Wave Damage Location of Pressure Vessel Based on Optimized Explainable Convolutional Neural Network for Multivariate Time Series Classification Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Junxuan , Hu Chaojie , Yan Jianjun , Hu Yue , Gao Yang , Xuan Fuzhen
Published: April 2023

Guided wave is a key nondestructive technique for structural health monitoring due to its high sensitivity to structural changes and long propagation distance. However, to achieve high accuracy for damage location, large quantities of samples and thousands of iterations are typically needed for detection algorithms. To address this, in this paper, an eXplainable Convolutional neural network for Multivariate time series classification (XCM) is adopted, which is composed of one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) convolution layers to achieve high accuracy damage location on pressure vessels with limited training sets. By further optimizing the network parameters and network structure, the training time is greatly reduced and the accuracy is further improved. The optimized XCM improves the damage location precision from 95.5% to 98% with small samples (training set/validation set/testing set = 23/2/25) and low training epochs (under 100 epochs), suggesting that the XCM has great advantages in pressure vessel's damage location classification its potential for guided wave-based damage detection techniques in structural health monitoring.
Invisible consequences of paralysis
Authors: Squair Jordan W.
Published: April 2023

Neuroprosthetic technologies can control blood pressure and restore walking
The unusual genetics of invasive ants
Authors: Kronauer Daniel J. C.
Published: April 2023

The males of an invasive ant species are chimeras of two distinct genetic lineages
Magnets wipe memories from meteorites
Authors: Savitsky Zack
Published: April 2023

Researchers sound alarm over damage caused by popular meteorite-hunting technique
Jupiter’s ocean moons targeted by spacecraft
Authors: Voosen Paul
Published: April 2023

European Juice mission will explore icy worlds for subsurface pockets of habitability
In Vivo
Pharmacodynamic Profile of EVER206, a Novel Polymyxin Antimicrobial, against Gram-Negative Bacteria in the Murine Thigh Infection Model
Authors: Gill Christian M. , Nicolau David P.
Published: April 2023

The objective was to determine the magnitude of the EVER206 free-plasma area under the concentration time curve (
f
AUC)/MIC target associated with bacteriostasis and 1-log
10
kill against clinically relevant Gram-negative bacteria in the murine thigh model. Twenty-seven clinical isolates (
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
,
n
 = 10;
Escherichia coli
, n
 = 9;
Klebsiella pneumoniae
,
n
 = 5;
Enterobacter cloacae
,
n
 = 2; and
Klebsiella aerogenes
,
n
 = 1) were tested.
A Longitudinal Study on the Dynamics of Salmonella enterica Prevalence and Serovar Composition in Beef Cattle Feces and Lymph Nodes and Potential Contributing Sources from the Feedlot Environment
Authors: Nickodem Colette , Arnold Ashley N. , Gehring Kerri B. , Gill Jason J. , Richeson John T. , Samuelson Kendall L. , Scott H. Morgan , Smith Jason K. , Taylor T. Matthew , Vinasco Javier , Norman Keri N.
Published: April 2023

Salmonella
contamination of beef products, specifically from the incorporation of bovine lymph nodes into ground beef, remains a food safety concern. Current postharvest
Salmonella
mitigation techniques do not address
Salmonella
bacteria that are harbored in the lymph nodes, nor is it well understood how
Salmonella
invades the lymph nodes.
Detection of Glycolytically Active Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Strain Shirota by Flow Cytometry Targeting the Efflux Activity of Fluorescent Dye: a Potential Tool for Quality Assessment of Probiotic Cells in Milk Products
Authors: Kubota Hiroyuki , Serata Masaki , Matsumoto Hoshitaka , Shida Kan , Okumura Takekazu
Published: April 2023

To our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate that CF efflux requires uncompromised glycolytic activity in certain lactic acid bacteria. Compared with the cell properties currently widely used for cell viability assessment, such as intracellular esterase activity and membrane integrity, CF-efflux activity enables the accurate detection of culturable cells, especially in products stored for long periods at cold temperatures.
Modulation of Host-Microbe Metabolism by Cholera Toxin
Authors: Chapman Claire M. L. , Kapinos Andrew , Rivera-Chávez Fabian
Published: April 2023

In order for successful fecal-oral transmission, enteric bacterial pathogens have to successfully compete with the intestinal microbiota and reach high concentrations during infection.
Vibrio cholerae
requires cholera toxin (CT) to cause diarrheal disease, which is thought to promote the fecal-oral transmission of the pathogen. Besides inducing diarrheal disease, the catalytic activity of CT also alters host intestinal metabolism, which promotes the growth of
V. cholerae
during infection through the acquisition of host-derived nutrients.
Prospective Genomic Surveillance Reveals Cryptic MRSA Outbreaks with Local to International Origins among NICU Patients
Authors: Worley Jay N. , Crothers Jessica W. , Wolfgang William J. , Venkata Sai Laxmi Gubbala , Hoffmann Maria , Jayeola Victor , Klompas Michael , Allard Marc , Bry Lynn
Published: April 2023

Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) infections cause substantive morbidity and mortality in neonates. Using publicly available resources from the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) GalaxyTrakr pipeline, we illustrate the dynamics of MRSA colonization and infection in neonates.