bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health Implications of Lemna Dumpsite in Calabar Municipality, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Bassey Bassey J.
Published: October 2023

Lemna solid waste dumpsites is found within cities of Calabar and due to poor and ineffective management, the dumpsites turn to sources of serious concern to the people living in the vicinity of the site. Polluted air, leachate release from the site to the ground water, activities of scavengers in the site, bad odour, incubation and proliferation of flies, mosquitoes, and rodents; that, in turn, are disease transmitters with their effect on population’s health, has its organic defenses in a formative and creative state. This study therefore sought to evaluate the health implication of Lemna dumpsite in Calabar on the residents living around the site. Data were collected from 309 household heads, through the use of self- administered questionnaires. Households’ heads were selected through the use of simple random sampling technique. Data collected were subjected to analysis using principal component factor analysis. Result shows that cardiovascular diseases, birth defects, immune system defects, weakening of lungs functions, lung cancer, kidney problems, liver disease, skin cancer, stomach infections, liver failure, kidney failure and polio have the highest loading in factor one meaning that there are not prevalence in the study area although there are in existence as seen from the communalities loadings. Whereas, typhoid, cholera, dysentery, malaria and stomach ulcer were the prevalence sickness in the environment because they have the highest factor loadings in factor two. On the severity if such sickness in the study area, it was seen that households only visit hospital often due to the following health condition; birth defects, immune system defects, kidney problems, liver disease, skin cancer, stomach infections, cholera, malaria, dysentery, stomach, ulcer, and typhoid because the above mentioned sicknesses have the highest loadings in factor one (often visit hospital). Conversely, cardiovascular disease, weakening of lungs functions, lung cancer, liver failure, kidney failure and polio have highest factor loading in factor two, meaning that although there is occurrence of this sicknesses in the study area, households rarely visit hospital because of such health condition. Therefore, the study recommends recycling of solid waste, waste to energy incineration, anaerobic digestion, compositing/organic waste recycling, and advanced technologies as waste management control should be encourage in Calabar instead of the use of dumpsite.
Interleukin -10, Lactic Acid Dehydrogenase, Total Protein, Albumin and Globulin in Infected Women with Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Mohammed Khalil Ismail Abid , Hadi Falah H. , Shakir Hind Hamed , AL-Fakhar Suha A. , MohammedAli Saad Hasan , Ali Wifaq M. , Mousa Jinan M.
Published: October 2023

Objective: The aim of the study was to identify biomarkers in women diagnosed with Toxoplasmosis. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted between February 2022 and March 2023, and it focused on detecting Toxoplasma gondii in 100 female patients with a history of repeated abortion, aged between 18 and 43 years. The patients receiving treatment were present at two educational hospitals located in Baghdad. The diagnosis was established through the utilization of Immunochromatography and ELISA techniques. Blood samples were gathered from every individual, along with 30 healthy controls matched for age. The study measured the concentrations of Interleukin-10, Lactic acid Dehydrogenase, Total protein, Albumin, and Globulin in the patients' and controls' sera. Results: The findings revealed that 45 cases exhibited the presence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG, while 76 cases displayed the presence of anti- Toxoplasma IgM, out of the 100 women with a history of abortion and Toxoplasma infection. This was determined using immunochromatography methods, on the other hand, utilizing the ELISA methods, anti-Toxoplasma IgG was detected in 40 cases, and anti-Toxoplasma IgM was detected in 42 cases. Conclusions: The findings revealed elevated levels of IL- 10, Lactic acid Dehydrogenase, Total protein, and Globulin in the patients' sera, along with decreased levels of Albumin compared to the healthy controls.
Case Report of Numb Chin Syndrome (NCS) in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)
Authors: Basubrain Omar
Published: October 2023

Numb chin syndrome is a rare presentation due to injury to mental nerve characterized by numbness, hypoesthesia, and paresthesia. This syndrome is mostly presented with dental interventions, traumatic injuries, or malignant pathologies. We report a unique case of a 20-year-old male diagnosed with sickle cell disease presented with loss of sensation over right chin area secondary to the vaso-occlusive crisis. This case depicts a complex relationship between neurological complications and hemoglobinopathies of SCD.
Assess the Nurses’ Knowledge and Practice Regarding the Prevention of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Authors: Miah Md. Badsha , Islam Md. Saiful , Khatun Mst. Azida , Khatun Most. Shanta , Khatun Mst. Shilpi , Khatun Most. Habiba , Sarker Dip , Khatun Most. Fatima , Khatun Zaheda
Published: October 2023

Background: Urinary Tract Infections are a serious health problem affecting millions of people each year. Catheter associated urinary tract infection is one of the most common health care acquired infections encounter in clinical practice. The most common hospital acquired infection is catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) accounting for almost 40% of all the nosocomial infections [2, 3, 5]. The most important predisposing factors of Catheter associated urinary tract infection is the insertion and prolonged use of indwelling urinary catheter, which has been performed by unsterile technique and by not taking adequate measure to maintain cleanliness of the catheter. Objective: The aim was to assess the level of nurses’ knowledge and practice regarding the prevention of catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi. Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study design was used and sample size 110 that was simple random sampling technique followed those who meet the inclusion criteria and to assess the nurses knowledge regarding prevention of catheter associated urinary tract infection at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi. The study was conducted from July 2021 to December, 2022. The instruments for data collection were a semi-structured questionnaire which composed of three parts: Demographic variables, knowledge and practice based information on prevention of catheter associated urinary tract infection. Results: The findings revealed that the highest, 67% were within 31-40 years of age, and 59% were professional education with Diploma in Nursing. This study's main findings revealed the average 47% were high level of knowledge regarding the prevention of CAUTI. It’s may due to their clinical experiences. Conclusion: Catheter associated urinary tract infections is one of the most common health care associated infections as literature said but can be prevented. According to the results of this study, some nurses have shown a good implementation of different practices towards catheter indications and CAUTI prevention. The present study concludes that a significant proportion of respondents have a high level of nurse knowledge and practice regarding the CAUTI prevention.
Assessment of Knowledge and Practice Regarding the Contraceptive Methods among Married Couple Attending at Mother and Child Welfare Center, Bogura, Bangladesh
Authors: Miah Md. Badsha , Mukta Mst. Nazmun Nahar , Akter Mst. Khursheda , Khatun Mst. Firoja , Ara Mst. Rowson , Akter Sumaya , Akter Arjina , Khatun Azifa , Jaman Baby
Published: October 2023

Background: The contraceptive method is essential in promoting maternal and child health. It improves health through adequate birth spacing, avoiding pregnancy at high-risk maternal ages, and high parity. It is often used as a synonym for birth control, however. Objective: The aim was to assess the level of Knowledge and Practice Regarding Contraceptive Methods among married couples attending at Mother and Child welfare center in Bogura. Methodology: This is a descriptive type of cross-sectional study design that was used, and a 120 sample size that was a purposive sampling technique followed by those who meet the inclusion criteria to assess the Knowledge and Practice Regarding Contraceptive Methods among married couples. The instruments for data collection were a semi-structured questionnaire and a self-report method composed of three parts: Demographic variables, knowledge, and practice-based information on Contraceptive Methods. Results: The present study's findings revealed that the majority of the 59% were within <25 years, 90% were Muslim, and 85% were housewives. Regard the knowledge revealed that the average low level regarding the use of contraceptive methods among married couples. It is expected that the study will provide a better understanding of the uses of contraceptive methods. Conclusion: This can be achieved by providing educational and motivational activities and improvement in family planning services needed to promote contraceptive methods. The present study concluded that a significant proportion of respondents have a low level of knowledge and practice regarding contraceptive methods.
L-Arginase from P. aeruginosa Isolated from Sewage as Anti-Biofilm Formation by Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Abd Zainab Abbas , Majeed Aqeel Mohammad , Abbas Zaid Raad
Published: October 2023

Background: The enzyme arginase plays a significant role in the growth of many organisms as important biological enzyme. Objective: The study was designed to isolate L-arginase from P. aeruginosa that isolated from sewages and to evaluate the influence of arginase on biofilm-generating bacteria. Materials and Methods: The current study includes 28(54.8%) isolates from soil with 24 (46.2%) from sewage water out of 52 isolated from soil and sewage for the purpose of obtaining Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using standard laboratory methods to isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 33 isolates were isolated, of which 15 (45.45%) were from soil and 18 (54.54%) from sewage. The study also included 177 different eyes (urinary fluid, excrement, blood, wounds, sputum, and cerebrospinal fluid) of patients suffering from various injuries. Results: The statistical analysis of the isolates indicated that there is a high significant (P≤0.01) for the growth of some types of bacteria, such as P. aeruginosa 30(16.89%), Klebsiella, Serratia 33(18.88%) and Acinetobacter 33(18.88%). While the results showed that Lactobacillus is the lowest number of isolates 7(3.9%). Optimum condition of arginase activity and stability comprising pH level of eight degrees, the temperature of 37℃ is the best conditions for the production of arginine, concentrations of L-arginine substrate (0.1-2.5)g/l on the activity of arginase enzyme for arginine production, The finding also shows that the arginase enzyme exhibited the highest activity after 96 hours of the incubation process L- arginase Purification Assay including Ammonium Sulphate precipitation in (60-80)%, Dialysis, Ion exchange chromatography, Gel filtration. Conclusions: This study concluded that the enzyme arginase had a significant effect on the strong biofilm of pathogenic bacteria.
Management and Challenges of Senior High School
Authors: Sebastian Vincent Anthony L.
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the study was to explore the management and challenges of senior high schools in the fourth zone of Zambales. It looked into the level of management of senior high schools in terms of its roles and services and the level challenges of senior high school in terms of relevance of the program, responsiveness and quality. The null hypotheses were tested at .05 level of relationship between the career preference of junior high school student respondents and their profile variables. The descriptive method of research was employed and the questionnaire – checklist was used in gathering data. Frequency counts, percentages, numerical rankings, weighted means and Chi square were the statistical tools used in the analysis of data. The following recommendations are deemed essential and suitable. Utilized and proposed a career program guide focusing on how to help students decide on their future career. Review role responsibilities and levels of administrative support for principals to ensure that their priority is educational management and leadership and addressing to the challenges it encounters. Upgrading of school facilities that are suitable to the needs of the students. Emphasis on quality improvement. The particular challenge will be to maintain and extend quality at the primary level while expanding access at the SHS level. Continued push toward decentralization. The central issue will be how to attend to the needs of every school who are assigned to responsibilities for which they are not prepared.
Tsattsafin Fanɗare wa Addinin Musulunci: Wata Yasasshiyar Gona a Gandun Waƙoƙin Baka na Hausa
Authors: BAKURA Adamu Rabi’u , SANI Abu-Ubaida
Published: October 2023

Rubuce-rubucen nazari da aka yi game da waƙoƙin Hausa sun fi shurin masaƙi. Duk da haka, mafi yawan rubuce-rubucen sun karkata ne kan zaƙulo fasahohi da ke cikin waƙoƙin tare da nuna yadda suke faɗakarwa da ilimantarwa da nishaɗantarwa. Wannan takarda na da fahimtar cewa an bar wani babban giɓi wanda shi ne nazarin fanɗare wa dokokin addini cikin waƙoƙin Hausa. Maƙalar nan na da manufar binciko muhallan da ɗiyan waƙoƙin baka na Hausa suka keta dokokin da Allah ya shimfiɗa wa bayinsa. An tattara bayanai ta hanyar sauraron waƙoƙin da tsamo misalan ɗiyan waƙoƙin da abin ya shafa, tare da ciro hukunce-hukuncen da suka yi bayani kansu daga Alƙur’ani da hadisan manzon Allah. Binciken ya fahimci cewa, akwai tarin misalan fanɗare wa addini a cikin waƙoƙin baka na Hausa. Daga ƙarshe an ba da shawarwarin da suka haɗa da ɗaukar matakan da suka dace domin tabbatar da ire-iren waƙoƙin ba su yi tasiri wajen gurɓata tarbiya nagartacciya ba.
Early Detection of Breast Cancer using Versatile Techniques - A Study
Authors: Sanjay S Tippannavar  , Yashwanth S D  , Gayathri S  , Eshwari A Madappa
Published: October 2023

Among all cancer types, breast cancer is the most prevalent. For females, it ranks as the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality. Every 1 person per 28 people in lifetime have a chance of developing breast cancer, according to statistics. Each year, it is estimated that over two million women encounter it. The high-risk group in India has an average age of 43–46 years, but in the west, women between the ages of 53 and 57 are more likely to get breast cancer. While there is no known cure for breast cancer, early detection and diagnosis significantly improves chances of survival. Treatment for breast cancer patients may be possible if the disease is identified and diagnosed early. Diagnosing benign from malignant tumours and determining whether a breast cancer case is early or progressed presents a number of challenges for cancer researchers. This study compares many methods for detecting breast cancer and provides a detailed analysis of each, highlighting the methods that are most accurate and economical. This study's primary goal is to comprehend the fundamental principles behind the various technologies used in breast cancer diagnosis. It is simple to save lives by spreading awareness of the latest and most varied detection and screening techniques.
Review: ChatGPT Impact on Indian Education Sector and Correctness in Answers
Authors: Charan Sai Pedireddi  , Surekha Lanka
Published: October 2023

This article is all about the ChatGPT. As AI is one of the emerging technologies in the current era. The application of AI “ChatGPT” is mainly focused in this study. This study concentrates on the technology behind ChatGPT, its advantages, limitations, and discussions on current trending applications of AI called ChatGPT. Considering AI technology, the article will provide the glimpse of the learning technologies, Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (Particularly GPT-3 and GPT-2), and also discuss how many education institutions are using AI. By method of data collection some conclusions could be drawn on ChatGPT users and user interaction experiences. In addition, what is ChatGPT, the purpose of ChatGPT, why it has gained extensive popularity and attention, methods of training ChatGPT along with Large Language Models, how ChatGPT makes use of GPT-3 and RLHF (Reinforcement Learning form Human Feedback), advantages and limitations of ChatGPT are also comprehended.
Comodule Estimation of Cognitive Sensor Networks Based on Partial Clustering for Partial Observed Data
Authors: Abdul bin Ismail
Published: October 2023

The proposed study is on the partial clustering algorithms for cognitive sensor networks that deal with partially observed data. The proposed algorithms aim to estimate clusters in the presence of missing values and leverage data imputation techniques to fill in the gaps in the target and station device matrices. A modified loss function is introduced to shape the cluster centers, and robust Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) algorithms are utilized to enhance the robustness of the clustering process. This research contributes to the field of cognitive sensor networks by providing insights into the challenges of partial clustering and presenting effective algorithms to address them. The proposed methods have the potential to enhance the performance of clustering tasks in various domains, including sensor networks, by accounting for missing data and producing accurate cluster reconstructions.
Impetigo Infantil: Uma Revisão Abrangente das Considerações Dermatológicas e Pediátricas.
Authors: Zanoni Rodrigo Daniel , Rodrigues Ana Carolina Peixoto , Bosch Ana Luiza , Nery Daniela Luiz , Maia Daniel Cavalcante , Gonçalves Felipe Kennedy Sousa , Cunha Fellype Carvalho , Hall João Vitor Wilson , Alves Marília Fagury Videira Marceliano , Cortês Mychelle Christian
Published: October 2023

O impetigo é uma infecção bacteriana cutânea comum e altamente contagiosa, que afeta principalmente crianças em todo o mundo. É caracterizado por lesões na pele, incluindo pústulas, vesículas e crostas, muitas vezes acompanhadas de coceira e desconforto. Estudos sobre a epidemiologia do impetigo apontam para variações significativas na prevalência do impetigo em diferentes regiões geográficas e grupos etários. Essa infecção bacteriana afeta principalmente crianças de baixa renda, atingindo mais de 2% da população global, sendo mais prevalente em áreas tropicais e subtropicais, , destacando-se a Oceania como a região com a maior incidência. O impetigo pode ser dividido em duas principais manifestações clínicas: impetigo bolhoso e impetigo não bolhoso. O impetigo bolhoso é predominantemente causado por Staphylococcus aureus e é caracterizado por bolhas flácidas e transparentes que se desenvolvem na camada subcornea da pele. Essas bolhas geralmente aparecem em regiões intertriginosas, como áreas de fraldas, axilas, pescoço e palmas das mãos e plantas dos pés. O impetigo não bolhoso é mais comum e pode ser primário, decorrente da invasão bacteriana na pele íntegra, ou secundário, resultante de infecção através de pele não íntegra. A principal causa é o Staphylococcus aureus, frequentemente associado a estreptococos beta hemolíticos do grupo A. O diagnóstico do impetigo geralmente é feito clinicamente, mas exames laboratoriais, como cultura de fluido de vesículas, pústulas ou áreas abaixo das bordas de placas crostosas, podem ser utilizados para confirmação. O impetigo é diferenciado de outras condições por meio de testes como o sinal de Nikolsky negativo.O tratamento do impetigo envolve a manutenção da antissepsia das lesões e o uso de  antibióticos tópicos, como ácido fusídico, retapamulina e mupirocina, são eficazes para lesões localizadas.Além disso, para casos mais extensos da doença faz-se necessário o uso de antibióticos o sistêmicos, devendo sempre optar por aqueles com menor suscetibilidade a resistência bacteriana.
Political Inclusion Through Compulsory Voting
Authors: Puri Nandini , Ganguly Dr. Anna Nath
Published: October 2023

Inclusive, free and fair elections are of paramount importance for the survival of vibrant and dynamic democracy. It is when the citizens actively participate in elections, can democracy usher in true spirit. The paper attempts to look into the debate on compulsory voting, discussing both the positive and negative sides of compulsory voting. The paper discusses history of compulsory voting in India and its feasibility in India are highlighted. The paper analyses whether compulsory voting is the only criteria to promote inclusiveness in India? The efforts by the Election Commission of India in maintaining informed and active participation of voters in elections are also higlighted.
Bacterias tolerantes y resistentes a los metales pesados en el ambiente
Authors: Trujillo Peralta Francisca Andrea , López Avilés Guadalupe , Mondragón Camarillo Laura , Calderón Alvarado Kadiya del Carmen
Published: October 2023

La contaminación ambiental por metales pesados es producto en gran medida de las actividades humanas, en particular de la industria minera. La extracción y procesamiento de minerales genera grandes cantidades de compuestos tóxicos que afectan la calidad del medio ambiente y la salud de los seres vivos. Durante mucho tiempo se ha buscado desarrollar estrategias que permitan remover los metales pesados del medio ambiente con el fin de mitigar su toxicidad. Dentro de estas estrategias destacan las que usan organismos, como plantas, hongos, algas y bacterias, ya que estos son más eficientes, no generan residuos secundarios y no son costosas. Sin embargo, los organismos empleados deben tener la capacidad de crecer en altas concentraciones de metales para poder utilizarlos en la remediación. En este trabajo se busca divulgar los diferentes mecanismos que utilizan las bacterias para la remoción de metales, así como los metales que pueden llegar a ser eliminados.
DEVELOPING A LANGUAGE MODEL FOR STUDENT LEARNING BASED ON NEURAL NETWORK-TRANSFORMERS
Authors:   Professor, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Information Technologies and Big Data Analysis, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Shchetinin Eugene Yu.
Published: October 2023

Language model of learning is important in education and can greatly improve the learning process of students. This paper presents a language model of student learning based on neural networktransformers. The creation of effective and flexible speech technology models based on them makes it possible to adapt the educational process to individual needs of students and improve its efficiency.
IDENTIFICATION OF EPIDEMIC PARAMETERS DURING FUZZY OPTIMIZATION
Authors:   Doctor of Economics Sciences, PhD in Technical Sciences, Academician of IAELPS, Institute of Financial Technologies, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Nedosekin Alexey O. , Abdulaeva Zinaida I. ,   North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Murashev Daniil E. ,   North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Published: October 2023

Target. Obtain an analytical form of an approximate solution for a system of firstorder nonlinear differential equations that describes the dynamics of the epidemic in the SI model of two cohorts: healthy – infected. Methodology. The solution is sought in the form of a logistic curve using one of three forms: normal distribution Ф, lognormal distribution L and risk function Risk. Results. During fuzzy optimization, the parameters of logistic curves are identified both during the solution of a system of differential equations with fixed parameters, and when constructing a predictive model based on the presented short section of historical data. Epidemic statistics are best interpreted by a possibilistic process, in the cross section of which there is a fuzzy number of a general form. Conclusion. The solution for the SI model is well approximated by logistic curves of type Ф. In a more complex case, both curves of type Ф and profile curves of Risk, determined on the basis of four parameters, are involved in the approximation.
COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS OF THE METAVERSE MARKET: FEATURES, OPPORTUNITIES AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
Authors:   Candidate of Science (Economics), Associate Professor, St. Petersburg National Research University ITMO, St. Petersburg, Russia, Sazhneva Lyubov P. , Mamedguliev Ruslan I. ,   Master of Business Informatics, St. Petersburg National Research University ITMO, St. Petersburg, Russia
Published: October 2023

This article presents the results of a competitive analysis of the metaverse market. The authors provide an overview of the use of virtual metaverses by different countries of the world and companies in their activities. The basic parameters of the metaverse market are specified and its capacity is calculated. Through the conducted PESTEL analysis, the features of the external environment of the online metaverse market are considered, and a list of consumer and market preferences of participants in the B2C, B2B and B2G segments is compiled. The competitive analysis in this article focuses on the analysis of four metaverses: Russian Pixity and Sense Tower, as well as foreign Spatial and Decentraland. The authors determined the classification of competitors, grouped them according to strong and weak criteria, and also compiled a list of key points of parity and differences. The final stage of the study was the collection and systematization of the data obtained in the final table according to the following parameters, such as: market profitability, intensity of competition, possible fluctuations (seasonal and cyclical), technology and investment requirements, environmental factors and barriers to market entry. The authors ranked trends for destructive threats and opportunities for growth, compiled a list of recommendations for formulating a strategy for companies to enter the international metaverse market.
Organizational Problems of Governance in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Pirimbaev Jusup
Published: October 2023

The article discusses the results of the study of governance problems in the Kyrgyz Republic in the period after the declaration of independence. The lack of consistency in the organization of governance has actually led to the destruction of its integrity and reduced its effectiveness to zero. Therefore, taking into account various alternatives and options for organizing governance, the ways to overcome the accumulated problems are shown, which can open the way to a broad discussion in society and organize a systemic improvement of the process of improving the effectiveness of governance, designed for the long term. The system approach to governance is the cornerstone of the optimization of the country's economy as a whole and the implementation of a stable economic policy, in particular. Also, the system approach creates a firm basis for strengthening and mobilizing the executive power as a single organism, providing the development and growth of the state economy.
Structural Shifts and their Impact on Sustainable Economic Development
Authors: Choroev Kalybek
Published: October 2023

The article examines the relationship between structural shifts and the development of the national economy. Structural shifts in the national economy are one of the main factors of the state and dynamics of the country's economic system. They have a positive or negative impact and determine the effectiveness of its functioning. In this regard, the study of the relationship between structural shifts and the development of the economic system seems relevant both in theory and in practice. The purpose of the study is to use an econometric model based on the production function of variable elasticity. This is due to the fact that the model under consideration can be applied in the study of transitional processes in the main sectors of the economy of the Kyrgyz Republic. The main reasons for the transition processes are the impact on the economy of various factors leading to structural changes. The recommendations made will be quantitative rather than qualitative, i.e. they will indicate to what extent and in what proportions labor and investments should be invested in the development of a particular branch of the economy, i.e. at the macro level (industry level), and not at the micro level of the enterprise. a specific enterprise that is designed for a specific set of labor and investment resources.
Greater Eurasia and New Trajectories in Türkiye's Globalization
Authors: Sune Engin
Published: October 2023

In recent years, Türkiye’s relationship with its Western allies has crumbled, which was well-reflected in their antagonistic policies towards Syria, Iraq, the Eastern Mediterranean, and the expansion of NATO. On the Western side, this is associated with the domestic political and ideological transformation in Türkiye, such as the Presidential system, neo-Ottoman ideologies, or the political atmosphere following the failed coup attempt of 2016. The rapprochement of the country with Russia, especially the collaboration in the security matters such as the Syrian war and the purchase of the S-400 missile defense system, are contextualized within this discourse. This study elaborates on the shift in Türkiye’s foreign policy by revealing the current globalization process occurring in Greater Eurasia, which drags countries of the region into its orbit through the capacity of energy resources, expansion of economic relations, and provision of an immature security framework. Via the capacity of Russian energy resources and security policies, and China’s expanding capital under the scope of the One Belt and One Road strategy, a variegated form of globalization is taking place in Eurasia. This study contextualizes the recent shift in the political economy of Türkiye within the scope of an ever-expanding Eurasia. It targets to reveal the main characteristics of the globalization in Greater Eurasia. Lastly, it situates the shift in Türkiye within the larger context of this variegated form of globalization.
The Active Role Played by Türkiye in terms of South-South Cooperation within the Context of International Development Cooperation
Authors: Nurdun Rahman
Published: October 2023

Although Türkiye’s history of getting involved in South -South cooperation dates back to 1955 when Bandung Conference was convened, its engagement in terms of international development cooperation started after the collapse of the Eastern Bloc in the early 1990s. With its development cooperation agency- TİKA became operational since 1992, Türkiye has been in close cooperation with the Global South in the field of development cooperation and gained momentum from 2002 onwards by reaching out its friendly hands to Africa, Asia Pacific and Latin America. In the last ten years, backed by its unique position of being both a donor and recipient, Türkiye has been very active in sharing its experience with the other Southern donors through implementing projects in the third countries. This paper intends first of all to give readers an overall idea about South-South and Triangular Cooperation, then proceed to elaborate on Turkish experience in this regard within the context of international development cooperation with examples and analysis, and eventually present Türkiye’s persistent endeavors to achieve UN Sustainable Development Goals.
Economic Growth Effects of IMF Programs
Authors: Turan Taner , Evrensel Ayse , Yanıkkaya Halit
Published: October 2023

Using data for 110 countries and GMM estimations, we examine the effects of IMF programs on economic growth. In this context, we focus on the effects of program participation, program type, and the size of IMF loans on growth. Our empirical results indicate that IMF program participation and general conditionality do not have any significant growth effect. Consistent with expectations, inflation rate, government consumption, and fertility rate have negative and statistically significant effects on the growth rate. However, we obtain an interesting result when we divide IMF programs into two as concessional and non-concessional ones. Our results point out that that concessional programs do not have any significant effect, while non-concessional programs exert a negative impact on the growth rate. This finding clearly indicates the importance of making a distinction between program types. Finally, we find a positive effect of IMF credits (as a share of GDP) on economic growth.
Determinants of Trade Flows in Eurasian Countries: Evidence from Panel Gravity Models
Authors: Aşık Sühan Alp , Karadam Duygu Yolcu
Published: October 2023

Foreign trade structure of Eurasian countries has been significantly affected from the increased globalization and changes in world politics. This paper analyzes bilateral trade of the selected Eurasian countries using gravity models for 1995-2020 period. For this purpose, we estimate augmented panel gravity model for a dataset of Eurasian countries. We examine the effects of a number of factors including countries’ GDP, population, distance and real exchange rate on the region’s export and import dynamics. Along with these variables, various explanatory variables such as GDP per capita, Linder effect, dummy variables that indicate common language, sharing of borders and free trade agreements are included in the models. To this end, we also analyze the impact of Eurasian Economic Union (EUEA) membership on the magnitude of bilateral trade flows. Gravity equations for export and import are estimated by fixed effects methodology. Our results suggest that income levels, factor endowments and real exchange rates are among the important determinants of trade performance of Eurasian economies.
The Relationship Between Economic Freedoms and Growth: The Case of MIKTA Countries
Authors: Ayyıldız Fatih Volkan
Published: October 2023

The economic freedom index measures whether the factors that enable the realization of economic activities prevent or help the realization of these activities. In the literature, there is a dominant view that countries that are less exposed to restrictions in economic activities will have higher economic growth tendencies. Despite this, discussions about the direction of the relationship between economic freedoms and economic growth variables continue. In this study, it is aimed to measure whether there is a relationship between economic freedoms and growth in the sample of countries in the period of 1995-2021 and to measure the direction of a possible causality between the variables. In the study, data on economic growth were obtained from UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development), and data on economic freedoms were obtained from the Heritage Foundation website. For the purpose, cross-section dependency test, unit root tests, homogeneity test, panel cointegration test, long-term coefficient estimation test and causality tests were performed respectively. As a result of the estimation of the long-term coefficients with the random coefficients model (RCM), it was found that a 1% increase in economic freedoms increased economic growth by 0.6% in MIKTA (Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea, Türkiye and Australia) countries. According to the results of the Dumitrescu-Hurlin (2012) panel causality test, it was found that there is bidirectional causality between economic freedom and growth variables. Therefore, it is recommended that policy makers include policies that expand and encourage property rights, judiciary, government integrity, financial health, government expenditures, business, labor, trade, investment and financial freedoms.
European Union’s Green Deal and Sustainable Finance
Authors: Sakız Burcu , Gencer Ayşen Hiç
Published: October 2023

The European Union (EU) unveiled the European Green Deal (EGD) in the year 2019 with the aim of transforming the union into a climate-neutral economy by 2050. The European Union’s Green Deal aims to mobilize private capital toward sustainable investments in this regard, and to ensure that the financial system is resilient to environmental risks. Hence, sustainable finance is a crucial part of the deal. This paper explores the EU's Green Deal and its sustainable finance agenda. The first two sections provide a comprehensive overview on the background and the significance of the EU’s Green Deal and its sustainable finance agenda, while underlining the theoretical and the practical ramifications of directing private money toward sustainable investments and making sure that the financial system is resistant to environmental threats. The Taxonomy Regulation, the Green Bond Standard, the Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation, and the Non-Financial Reporting Directive are a few of the regulatory tools and data sources for the EGD’s sustainable financing framework, and these are covered in the third section of this study. The fourth section discusses the conditions for a sustainable finance agenda for required for implementing the EGD, and the fifth section elaborates on the challenges to be faced along the process. The paper's key conclusions, which are presented in the final sixth section, include the necessity of harmonizing and standardizing sustainable finance processes, the significance of high-quality environmental, social and governance (ESG) data, and the implications for the financial sector, businesses, and investors.
Exploring the Role of Financial Development on Green Growth: An Empirical Analysis of Causal Factors in OECD Economies
Authors: Ağan Büşra
Published: October 2023

Green growth promotes new investment opportunities and economic growth and creates a financially sound environment for international organizations and policymakers. One of the important factors is financial development, which supports green growth by providing the necessary funds to invest in environmentally sustainable technologies and practices. This study aims to investigate the effect of financial development and economic, technological, and environmental determinants on the green growth economy. This study covers an annual panel dataset in OECD countries from 1990 to 2020 by utilizing dynamic panel data models. Based on the empirical findings, we conclude that these factors produce a positive impact on green growth. Our findings have important implications for sustainable development since economies transition to more sustainable practices and financial institutions have a critical role to play in supporting and driving this transition. The findings of this study corroborate the growth-led finance theory and encourage policymakers to boost their green growth policy effort.
A Theoretical and Empirical Examination on Selected Countries within the Scope of Circular Economy Model
Authors: Altuntaş Ceren
Published: October 2023

In recent years, the concept of circular economy has gained importance and emerged as a key factor in terms of industrial and environmental policies. Herein, the main purpose of the present paper is exploring the connection between resource productivity and greenhouse gas emission, which are among the circular economy indicators. Resource productivity was adopted as the main dependent variable and greenhouse gas emission as the independent variable. Human development index and R&D expenditures of countries are the control variables in the study. Data from 27 developed and developing countries in Europe for a period ranging from 2006 – 2019 were analyzed using panel regression and it was determined that resource productivity is statistically negatively affected by greenhouse gas emission. Aside from this, findings provide evidence of a positive relationship between resource productivity, human development index and R&D expenditures. These results claim that resource productivity can be increased by reducing the emission of greenhouse gasses and developing policies for clean energy transition.
Relative Income and Perception of Syrian Refugees on the Basis of Economic Rights
Authors: Karakaş Aydınbakar Ayşenur , Çetin Canan
Published: October 2023

Easterlin (2001) states that increasing income does not lead to greater happiness because people compare themselves to others (social comparison) or adjust the increase in income (adaptation). We apply the relative income hypothesis to Syrian refugees' perceptions of their economic conditions, not their happiness. To answer the question "Does relative income matter in Syrian refugees' perceptions of economic conditions?" we regress Syrian refugees' perceptions of various economic rights on relative income by using data collected in Istanbul, Hatay, Gaziantep, and other cities. The OLS estimation results show that an increase in Syrians' income makes them more likely to believe perceptions of discrimination in applying for jobs, while an increase in Syrians' income as a share of the GDP of the city in which they live makes them more likely to have perceptions of less discrimination in applying for jobs. Other results show that an increase in relative income leads them to perceive that they have more difficulty finding a job because of their nationality. Moreover, an increase in relative income leads them to believe less likely to do jobs that the local do not want to do. Regarding low pay, an increase in relative income leads them to believe that they are paid less than the local. The results suggest that when policies achieve more equality between the local and Syrians in labor markets, Syrian refugees change their perceptions, which leads them to be more effective in the labor market.
International Trade and Green Economy: Costa Rica Example
Authors: Özgüven Tayfun Nihan
Published: October 2023

This study investigates the interplay between international trade, green economy policies, and the pursuit of carbon neutrality in Costa Rica, a country committed to sustainability and carbon neutrality by 2050. By exploring Costa Rica's participation in global green value chains and its domestic policies, this research outlines the role these factors play in reducing carbon emissions. Despite facing challenges such as infrastructure requirements and access to capital for green businesses, opportunities abound in sectors such as renewable energy, eco-innovation, and sustainable agriculture. The study concludes that with continued commitment and strategic policy intervention, Costa Rica's model can provide a blueprint for sustainable development and carbon neutrality that can resonate globally.
Income Inequality, Finance, and Economic Growth Relationships
Authors: Yıldırım Zal , Şendeniz Yüncü İlkay
Published: October 2023

Since the early 1980s, income inequality has risen between and within countries in the neo-liberal era. In literature, there are different views on the relationship of financial sector and the real economy with income inequality. Two main hypotheses in the literature regarding this relationship are as follows: The first hypothesis claims that developments in financial sector can only benefit people with higher incomes. Those with higher incomes can offer collateral and are more likely to repay loans, while those with low-income levels may have difficulty in getting loans, and this may increase inequality. The second hypothesis argues that the growth of the financial sector can provide previously excluded low-income individuals with access to credit. This hypothesis suggests that income inequality decreases when financial markets are developed. This study presents the income inequality, finance, and growth relationships via panel data methodology. Our dataset consists of emerging markets, and our data source is the World Bank database. Our study contributes to the existing literature with its results, which give evidence of a negative relationship between income inequality and economic growth with policy implications. Specific policies toward the financial sector and the real sector would be implemented for poverty alleviation.
Overview of Rural Development: The Case of Urganlı
Authors: Demir Günce , Yılmaz İlham
Published: October 2023

Today, it is frequently encountered with the emphasis that agriculture is a sector that should be given importance both globally and in Turkey. When the social change is examined historically, the developments in the industry after the Industrial Revolution, the establishment of factories that make mass production, and the fact that the cities began to gain their current structure caused agriculture to lose its importance in the traditional social structure. Because of o the changes in the social structure and the wrong policies applied, the value of agriculture has decreased.
Rural development in Turkey has been shown as one of the most important development tools of countries since the first years of the republic. For this reason, governments have prepared various development plans. In order to support rural development in Turkey and to protect producers and consumers, in order to institutionalize rural development, “Agriculture and Rural Development Support Institution” was established and many support opportunities were created by the state. In this study, interviews will be held with 7 farmers who are engaged in agriculture in the Urganlı District of Turgutlu district of Manisa, with the help of semi-structured question paper, about how many farmers are aware of and implement the state supports for agriculture and the activities of the Agriculture and Rural Development Support Institution. With the data obtained, it will be tried to reveal the reflections of the development policies implemented in Turkey.
Material stimulation of scientists in the scientific and technical activities sphere in Ukraine
Authors: Makarenko Petro , Belov Aleksandr
Published: October 2023

The article examines the current problems of the development of Ukraine's scientific and technical sectors in modern economic conditions. The article aims to determine the necessary amount of financing of science in Ukraine for its exit from the crisis state. The primary focus is on the financial factors of raising the prestige of scientists' work. It was determined that the reduction of R&D funding during all 32 years of independence, at a time when the opposite trend is observed in other countries, despite the global crisis of 2007-2009 and the COVID-19 pandemic of 2019-2023. Since one of the main incentives for the development of science, incentives for the involvement of talented youth in its development, and the general prestige of the work of scientists is an increase in the level of wages, the article proposes a model for increasing this indicator. It is proven that ensuring the growth of funding with equal distribution of funds among all scientists by ensuring the appropriate level of salaries at the level of 1.5 from the minimum requires an increase in the funding of science to only 0.7% of GDP, which is two times lower than the legally fixed level of 1. 7% of GDP. It is shown that financing science at the level of the legally established norm will allow an increase in the standard of living of scientists and increase prestige by three times relative to the average salary in Ukraine, which will ensure an increase in scientific personnel with talented young people, will create conditions for the return of talented scientists to Ukraine, will allow to preserve and start developing scientific and technical potential of Ukraine, which should become the basis for overcoming the crisis phenomena of today, restoring the economy in the post-war period and ensuring its strategic development in the future.
Keywords: scientific and technical activity, strategic development, financing of R & D.