bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The optimization of model ensemble composition and size can enhance the robustness of crop yield projections
Authors: Li Linchao , Wang Bin , Feng Puyu , Jägermeyr Jonas , Asseng Senthold , Müller Christoph , Macadam Ian , Liu De Li , Waters Cathy , Zhang Yajie , He Qinsi , Shi Yu , Chen Shang , Guo Xiaowei , Li Yi , He Jianqiang , Feng Hao , Yang Guijun , Tian Hanqin , Yu Qiang
Published: October 2023

Linked climate and crop simulation models are widely used to assess the impact of climate change on agriculture. However, it is unclear how ensemble configurations (model composition and size) influence crop yield projections and uncertainty. Here, we investigate the influences of ensemble configurations on crop yield projections and modeling uncertainty from Global Gridded Crop Models and Global Climate Models under future climate change. We performed a cluster analysis to identify distinct groups of ensemble members based on their projected outcomes, revealing unique patterns in crop yield projections and corresponding uncertainty levels, particularly for wheat and soybean. Furthermore, our findings suggest that approximately six Global Gridded Crop Models and 10 Global Climate Models are sufficient to capture modeling uncertainty, while a cluster-based selection of 3-4 Global Gridded Crop Models effectively represents the full ensemble. The contribution of individual Global Gridded Crop Models to overall uncertainty varies depending on region and crop type, emphasizing the importance of considering the impact of specific models when selecting models for local-scale applications. Our results emphasize the importance of model composition and ensemble size in identifying the primary sources of uncertainty in crop yield projections, offering valuable guidance for optimizing ensemble configurations in climate-crop modeling studies tailored to specific applications.
Streamflow decreases in response to acid deposition in a subtropical forest watershed in China
Authors: Wang Linhua , Lanning Matthew , Wang Lixin , Yu Mengxiao , Ye Shu , Tian Lei , Yen Haw , Yan Junhua
Published: October 2023

Streamflow reductions have been attributed to the impacts of soil nutrient availability on plant transpiration, connecting soil biogeochemical and hydrological processes. Here we conducted a plot-scale acid addition experiment and monitored long-term hydrology in a subtropical watershed to provide direct evidence for the underlying mechanisms of these connections. These results showed that acid deposition enhanced plant growth and thus increased plant transpiration in the early treatment period. It indicates that plants can increase their transport of water and nutrients to satisfy physiological demands under continuous acid deposition. Acid deposition mainly contributed to increased evapotranspiration and decreased streamflow at the watershed scale. These results provide complementary evidence of plants adjusting to acid deposition-induced changes in soil nutrient availability and these acclimations result in streamflow reductions at the watershed scale. Our results call for integrating forest biogeochemical feedback into watershed hydrology.
The westerly winds control the zonal migration of rainy season over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Jiang Xingwen , Cai Fenying , Li Zhenning , Wang Zunya , Zhang Tuantuan
Published: October 2023

Precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau is modulated by both the South Asian summer monsoon and the mid-latitude westerly winds. Using observations and numerical simulations, this study highlights the out-of-phase relationships between the mid-latitude westerly wind speeds and the west-east migration of Tibetan Plateau rainy season. When the westerly jet shifts northward before July, the weakening of westerly winds over the Tibetan Plateau leads to a westward shift of low-level warm air center and a westward extension of moist air convergence. Consequently, rainy season advances westward. Conversely, the southward shift of westerly jet after August leads to a strengthening of westerly winds and an eastward retreat of rainy season. Numerical simulations confirm the dominant role of mid-latitude westerly winds on the rain belt migration over the Tibetan Plateau, and further indicate that the timing of the westward extension of rain belt is determined by the weakening of mid-latitude westerly winds.
Low Frequency 1/f Conductance Noise in Memristors
Authors: Kalimuddin Sk , Bera Satyabrata , Bera Arnab , Pradhan Suman Kalyan , Mondal Mintu
Published: October 2023

Recently memristors have emerged as one of the most promising candidates for the development of next-generation memory technology due to their simple structure and good reproducibility. Designing resistive memory devices for practical use needs an in-depth understanding of electron transport mechanisms and their noise characteristics. The noise characteristics of devices implicate their suitability for potential use in technological applications. Low-frequency 1/f conductance noise spectroscopy can also give insight into the transport mechanism leading to memristive phenomena. Therefore, sources of noise in devices are widely studied. This chapter provides a detailed overview of the 1/f conductance noise measurement which has been used to investigate a broad range of electronic devices including memristors and many other condensed matter systems. A summary of electronic noise analyses on various classes of memristors to determine the usefulness toward comprehending the operation of practical memristor devices. Finally, we present an outlook for the future development of memristors and the importance of their noise characteristics.
Memory Devices Based on Low-dimensional Materials
Authors: Bera Jayanta , Betal Atanu , Sahu Satyajit
Published: October 2023

Low-dimensional materials have attracted the attention of many researchers because of their better functional properties compared to their bulk materials. This is due to the quantum confinement effect shown by these materials. Due to this, the electrical, optical, chemical and mechanical properties of these materials change significantly. Here, we have shown how the electrical properties of low-dimensional materials impacted the behaviour of the electrical devices fabricated based on them. Specifically, the device being studied is a memory switching device. It is shown that the defining properties of the memory device drastically change when fabricated using low-dimensional materials. Some of the important properties of these materials enable the fabrication of neuromorphic devices.
Emerging Memristive Artificial Neurons for Energy-efficient Neuromorphic Electronic Systems
Authors: Choi Sanghyeon , Park Gwanyeong , Wang Gunuk
Published: October 2023

Artificial neurons are fundamental building blocks for implementing neuromorphic electronic systems capable of highly efficient computing processing and cognitive functions. Among the various device platforms, emerging memristive switching devices have been widely utilized and have been suggested as artificial neurons. In this chapter, we introduce and describe emerging memristive artificial neurons in terms of their neuronal functionalities, switching mechanisms, and computing applications. We explain the basic concept of memristive neurons, focusing on structural and functional similarities, present several representative types of memristive neurons and fundamental switching mechanisms for neuronal dynamics, and provide an overview of several demonstrations of artificial neural networks based on the fabricated memristive neurons. This chapter focuses on short guidelines for memristive neurons and their neuromorphic computing applications.
Working Dynamics in Low-dimensional Material-based Neuromorphic Devices
Authors: Ahmed T. , Krishnamurthi V. , Walia S.
Published: October 2023

The exotic properties of low-dimensional materials have enabled brain-inspired computation to be unprecedently achieved in a variety of electronic and optoelectronic devices. With a plethora of highly efficient memory devices and architectures being developed lately for neuromorphic engineering and technology, the question of what types of materials and physical mechanisms will be used in futuristic neuromorphic devices is still open-ended. For this reason, a holistic understanding of the underlaying working dynamics is highly imperative to proceed forward. In this chapter, we present an overview of the various schemes of mechanisms for various configurations in state-of-the-art low-dimensional electronic and optoelectronic devices for neuromorphic hardware. Also, this chapter provides a forward-looking outlook on the challenges in this emerging field of research to drive next-generation advanced memory technologies for neuromorphic computing.
Algorithmic Optimisation for Memristive Deep Learning Accelerators
Authors: Mehonic A. , Joksas* D.
Published: October 2023

Conventional computer hardware based on digital (Boolean) logic and the von Neumann architecture, which separates computing and memory, results in large power and time costs in data-intensive applications like deep learning. Memristive-crossbar-based accelerators promise to improve power efficiency and speed by orders of magnitude but suffer from nonidealities, which cause errors. Here, we overview a number of algorithmic approaches that aim to improve the accuracy and robustness of networks implemented on memristive crossbar arrays. Algorithmic optimisation is attractive because it is relatively technology-agnostic and offers many possible options: from improvements of the training procedure to non-disruptive changes at the circuit level.
Coupling electrochemical CO2 reduction with value-added anodic oxidation reactions: progress and challenges
Authors: Li Yu , Lu Tong-Bu
Published: October 2023

This review presents recent advances and future challenges of emerging and potential alternative anodic reactions with high energy-efficiency and value-added products in overall CO2 electrolysis.
C3N6H7SO3NH2: non-π-conjugated tetrahedra decoupling π-conjugated groups achieving large optical anisotropy and wide band gap
Authors: Dou Danyang , Shi Qi , Bai Yunjie , Chen Cheng , Zhang Bingbing , Wang Ying
Published: October 2023

A new melamine sulfamate crystal with large birefringence and wide band gap was synthesized by combining π-conjugated group and non-π-conjugated group.
Role of the solvent polarity on the optical and electronic characteristics of 1-iodoadamantane
Authors: R. Aravindhan , Hu Jianping , Momeen M. Ummal
Published: October 2023

In terms of solvent polarity, optical and electronic characteristics of 1-iodoadamantane were studied with experimental UV-vis absorption and various computational techniques.
Exploring the role of Mn2+ in the structure, magnetic properties, and radar absorption performance of MnxFe3−xO4–DEA/MWCNT nanocomposites
Authors: Agista Wida Puteri , Subadra ST. Ulfawanti Intan , Taufiq Ahmad , Hidayat Arif , Handoko Erfan , Alaydrus Mudrik , Amrillah Tahta , Jeerapan Itthipon
Published: October 2023

Iron oxide/carbon-based nanocomposites are known as an ideal combination of magnetic–conductive materials that were recently developed in radar absorption application; one example is the Fe3O4/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs).
Comprehensive phytochemical analysis of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) from different regions of China and their potential antioxidant and antiproliferative activities
Authors: Xu Jian , Yang Han , Nie Chengdong , Wang Tao , Qin Xiangyu , Yang Jie , Chang Yuanhang , Nie Siming , Fu Yujie
Published: October 2023

Comparative comprehensive chemical profiles of major metabolites of lingonberries from different origins.
Surface engineering on a microporous metal–organic framework to boost ethane/ethylene separation under humid conditions
Authors: Xie Xiao-Jing , Wang Ying , Cao Qi-Yun , Krishna Rajamani , Zeng Heng , Lu Weigang , Li Dan
Published: October 2023

A linker methylation strategy to tune the pore size and surface electrostatic potential, rendering JNU-6-CH3 capable of directly separating high-purity C2H4 from C2H6/C2H4 mixtures with benchmark separation capacity under dry or humid conditions.
Carbon dots from alcohol molecules: principles and the reaction mechanism
Authors: Tu Hanyu , Liu Huaxin , Xu Laiqiang , Luo Zheng , Li Lin , Tian Ye , Deng Wentao , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo
Published: October 2023

The reaction mechanism from alcohols to carbon dots is investigated experimentally and theoretically. Carbon dots with rich functional groups can be utilized as electrolyte additives to optimize the deposition behaviour of Na metal, showing great potential towards Na metal batteries.
Kinetically-driven reactivity of sulfinylamines enables direct conversion of carboxylic acids to sulfinamides
Authors: Dang Hang T. , Porey Arka , Nand Sachchida , Trevino Ramon , Manning-Lorino Patrick , Hughes William B. , Fremin Seth O. , Thompson William T. , Dhakal Shree Krishna , Arman Hadi D. , Larionov Oleg V.
Published: October 2023

Sulfinamides can now be readily accessed from carboxylic acids and amines in a direct decarboxylative reaction enabled by the kinetically-driven reactivity of sulfinylamines and acridine photocatalysis.
Sn-doped thioantimonate superionic conductors with high air stability and enhanced Li-ion conduction for all-solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Ma Zhihui , Shi Jie , Wu Di , Chen Dishuang , Shang Shuai , Qu Xuanhui , Li Ping
Published: October 2023

Here we report the Sn-substituted Li6SbS5I electrolyte containing beneficial secondary phase. It shows enhanced Li-ion conductivity, decent Li-compatibility and superb air stability.
An Exploration of Quality of Life Perceptions of Cochlear Implant Recipients and Their Frequent Communication Partners
Authors: Bishop Jessica L. , Flagge Ashley G.
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

Quality of life (QoL) after cochlear implantation has been investigated using a variety of QoL questionnaires. However, few studies have examined the perceived QoL of cochlear implant (CI) recipients compared between the recipient and a frequent communication partner (FCP) using both hearing-related (hearing-specific) and health-general (health-general) measures.

Method:

For this multiple case study, five participant pairs were recruited, consisting of five adult recipients who were implanted at least 6 months prior to the time of evaluation and five adult FCPs who lived with the recipient at the time of evaluation. All 10 participants (five pairs) completed a health-general questionnaire (Medical Outcome Study Short-Form Survey 12-Item [SF-12]), and eight participants (four pairs) completed a disease specific questionnaire (Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire [NCIQ]).

Results:

Both recipients and partners tended to score similarly to each other on both measures. However, both groups scored higher on the SF-12 than the NCIQ. Results also revealed a better interrater agreement between pairs on the SF-12 compared to the NCIQ.

Conclusions:

Overall, scores for recipients and partners were higher for the health-general SF-12 compared to the hearing-related NCIQ. Additionally, rater agreement was better for the SF-12 compared to the NCIQ, suggesting that differences in QoL perceptions exist for more hearing-specific challenges.

These results highlight potential differences in perception of recipient QoL postimplantation as illustrated through the use of multiple QoL measures. Results speak to the importance of open communication between recipients and partners.
Link between star formation and the properties of supermassive black holes
Authors: Mountrichas George , Buat Véronique
Published: October 2023

It is well known that supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their host galaxies undergo a process of co-evolution. Feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) plays an important role in this symbiosis. To study the effect of AGN feedback on the host galaxy, one popular method is to study the star formation rate (SFR) as a function of the X-ray luminosity (LX). However, hydrodynamical simulations suggest that the cumulative impact of AGN feedback on a galaxy is encapsulated in the mass of the SMBH, MBH, rather than the LX. In this study, we compare the SFRs of AGN and non-AGN galaxies as a function of LX, MBH, the Eddington ratio (nEdd), and the specific black hole accretion rate (λsBHAR). For that purpose, we used 122 X-ray AGN in the XMM-XXL field and 3371 galaxies from the VIPERS survey to calculate the SFRnorm parameter, defined as the ratio of the SFR of AGN to the SFR of non-AGN galaxies with similar stellar mass, M*, and redshift. Our datasets span a redshift range of 0.5 ≤ z ≤ 1.2. The results show that the correlation between SFRnorm and MBH is stronger compared to that between SFRnorm and LX. A weaker correlation is found between SFRnorm and λsBHAR. No correlation is detected between SFRnorm and nEdd. These results corroborate the notion that the MBH is a more robust tracer of the cumulative impact of the AGN feedback, compared to the instantaneous accretion rate (LX). Thus, it may serve as a better predictive parameter of changes in the SFR of the host galaxy.
Unique distant classical Cepheid OGLE GD-CEP-1353 with anomalously high abundances of s- and r-process elements
Authors: Kovtyukh V. V. , Andrievsky S. M. , Werner K. , Korotin S. A.
Published: October 2023

Aims. While looking for recently discovered distant Cepheids with an interesting chemical composition, we noticed one star (OGLE GD-CEP-1353) with extremely large equivalent widths of spectral lines of heavy elements. The aim of this work is to perform an abundance analysis, and to find a possible explanation for the found chemical anomaly.

Methods. Quantitative analysis of the equivalent widths and synthetic spectrum synthesis were used to derive abundances in this star. Both local and nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE and NLTE) approximations were used in our analysis.

Results. Abundances of 28 chemical elements from carbon to thorium were derived. While light and iron peak elements show abundances typical for distant Cepheids (located in the outer disk), the s-process elements are overabundant about one dex. r-process elements are slightly less overabundant. This makes the star a unique Cepheid of our Galaxy.
Evaluation of Factors that Influence Electrical Energy Consumption in Higher Educational Institutions – Preparatory for Energy Management System
Authors: Mojica Edison
Published: October 2023

The Philippines’ need for electricity has dramatically expanded over the last decade due to the country’s growing economy, population, and significantly subsidized energy rates. Eventually, especially in schools, integrating green technology may be a way to solve the rising need for electrical energy. But the acceptance rate of such technology is low due to the expensive set-up costs, climate irregularities, and insufficient awareness of the customers and trained professionals. But before utilizing green technology, an energy audit should be conducted as it is the first step in reducing energy consumption at the facility level and assuring a level of efficiency that is acceptable. University campus is a representation of diverse buildings with diverse and substantial energy consumption thus providing an excellent testbed to identify the characteristics of the energy consumption of mixed-use buildings. This study was conducted to five universities aimed to evaluate the varied factors that influence electrical energy consumption through estimation of the effects of changes in the consumption of this higher educational institutions (HEI) in terms of their profiles using regression and correlation as a statistical tool. The result will provide preparation for energy management system that can properly identify energy conservation measures.
Endurance – Modernisation of the instrumentation suite at the Institut Laue-Langevin
Authors: Dewhurst Charles , Meyer Andreas
Published: October 2023

Endurance encompasses more than 30 new or upgraded instrument and infrastructure projects, rolled out over 8 years between 2016 and 2023. Many new or upgraded instruments have already been deployed and are in user-operation including: the fission-fragment gamma ray spectrometer, FIPPS; the upgraded cold-neutron TOF spectrometer IN5; new thermal TOF spectrometer PANTHER; and a second protein crystallography station, DALI. The D3 hot-neutron diffractometer and IN20 thermal triple-axis spectrometer have been upgraded while new and additional detectors for the SANS instruments D11 and D22 have been installed. The D16 cold-neutron diffractometer has been fully modernised and new coldneutron imaging instrument, NeXT, has been installed. Delivering a full suite of modernised instrumentation is dependent on the renewed in-pile beam extraction, H1-H2, new H24 (thermal) and H15 (cold) neutron guides and the in-house development and manufacture of critical technologies such as neutron detectors, monochromator optics and polarisation components. The new H24 guide provides dedicated endof-guide positions to the upgraded D10+ single crystal diffractometer, IN13 backscattering instrument and the new XtremeD powder and single-crystal diffractometer. H15 will accommodate a substantially upgraded D(00)7 polarised diffuse scattering and spectroscopy instrument while D11 will be rebuilt and relocated with an optically cleaner collimation. Two additional end-of-guide positions are available for new instrumentation: The SHARP+ cold-neutron TOF spectrometer and a 4th SANS instrument, SAM. The success of Endurance will provide users with a fully modernised suite of world-class instruments.
The future of ESS is bright
Authors: Schweika Werner , Lindroos Mats , Zanini Luca , Ekelöf Tord
Published: October 2023

The European Spallation Source ESS has still a huge upgrade potential by using an accelerator ring structure for proton pulse compression that can change the long pulse to a medium pulse structure. Therefore, we consider the performance of a medium pulse structure on the existing ESS target, moderator and neutron instrumentation. A medium proton pulse will enhance the neutron peak brightness of thermal and cold neutrons by about one order of magnitude and even up to two orders of magnitude at shortest wavelengths used at ESS, largely increasing the performance of the ESS instruments for neutron scattering. The arguments for a medium pulse length are that it is best adapted to the resolution requirements of the ESS instruments, the coupled moderator, the typical long instruments; furthermore, that it seems feasible to realise a medium pulse length by advanced, slow extraction from an accelerator ring, and feasible for the rotating tungsten target to take the high-power load. We discuss the implications of a medium proton pulse length and its specific choice for the instrument resolution, and for moderator and target. The proposed upgrade is stimulated by the new project ESSnuSB for a neutrino super beam at ESS and motivated by the synergy effect of using a common pulse compressor ring. The upgrade will be a most economical and efficient path for the ESS to a next higher level from an already world leading long-pulse source, transforming with a medium pulse structure into an even much more powerful, future next generation neutron source.
The High Brilliance neutron Source (HBS): A project for a next generation neutron research facility
Authors: Brückel Thomas , Gutberlet Thomas , Baggemann Johannes , Chen Junyang , Claudio-Weber Tania , Ding Qi , El-Barbari Monia , Li Jingjing , Lieutenant Klaus , Mauerhofer Eric , Rücker Ulrich , Schmidt Norberto , Schwab Alexander , Voigt Jörg , Zakalek Paul , Bessler Yannick , Hanslik Romuald , Achten Richard , Löchte Fynn , Strothmann Mathias , Felden Olaf , Gebel Ralf , Lehrach Andreas , Rimmler Marius , Podlech Holger , Meusel Oliver , Ott Frédéric , Menelle Alain , Paulin Mariano Andrés
Published: October 2023

The High Brilliance neutron Source (HBS) is a project for a next generation neutron research facility, based on new concepts and recent technological advancements. As elementary processes it uses neither fission nor spallation, but instead low energy nuclear reactions in a very compact Target-ModeratorReflector (TMR) assembly. Our facility design results in very efficient production of neutron beams with high brightness. Key features of HBS are: (i) very competitive instrument performance, (ii) comparatively low construction and operation costs, (iii) resilience, (iv) sustainability, (v) flexibility, (vi) accessibility and (vii) scalability. Here we present the basic layout of the facility, elaborate on the mentioned key features and report on the commissioning of a small test setup.
Development of a large-area curved Trench-MWPC 3He detector for the D16 neutron diffractometer at the ILL
Authors: Buffet Jean-Claude , Cristiglio Viviana , Cuccaro Sylvain , Demé Bruno , Guérard Bruno , Marchal Julien , Pentenero Jérôme , Sartor Nicolas , Turi Jules
Published: October 2023

The D16 instrument is a versatile cold-neutron diffractometer at the ILL. It has benefited from a number of upgrades over the years, such as the installation of a large-area 3He Multi-Wire Proportional Chamber (MWPC) in 2011. This detector has provided a resolution of 1 mm x 1 mm over an area of 32 cm x 32 cm. After 12 years of operation, it was replaced by a new curved detector which covers a wider solid angle while maintaining a high angular resolution. Its 86° horizontal angular coverage makes it possible to perform time-resolved experiments with a large q-range. This new detector is based on the Trench-MWPC detector technology developed at the ILL. In the D16 Trench-MWPC, 6 modules are mounted side by side in an 3He-filled curved vessel. Each module consists of 192 cathode blades positioned every 2 mm, and 192 anode wires spaced by 1.5 mm. The radius of curvature of the cathode blades is 1150 mm, providing a parallax-free resolution of 0.075°, horizontally along the 86° angular coverage of the 38 cm high detector. The various steps of the fabrication and mechanical inspection of the D16 Trench-MWPC detector modules and pressure vessel are presented, as well as experimental results obtained during the characterisation of the detector with neutrons.
Recent studies of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and hybrid graphite-silicon monochromator systems
Authors: Freund Andreas K. , Krencisz Dawn , Crosby Mike , Chen Changyong , Kozak Brian , Mikula Pavol , Farkas Gergely
Published: October 2023

The excellent performance of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) as monochromator, analyzer and filter material for neutron instrumentation was discovered more than 50 years ago. Even though HOPG has been in use for a long time, there is still room for improvements regarding its optimized use in neutron beam conditioning. The features of a novel concept called POSI based on careful x-ray characterization of the HOPG crystals and on proven mounting and focusing technologies show that the efficiency of HOPG monochromators can be increased while decreasing complexity and cost. Moreover, by combining HOPG and bent perfect silicon crystals the functionality of separate single monochromators and analyzers can be expanded to a wider range of applications provided by dual systems or bichromators.
Where Does an Enzyme Reside in a Bicontinuous Structure?
Authors: Wellert Stefan , Engelskirchen Sandra , Hellweg Thomas , Holderer Olaf
Published: October 2023

Using enzymes as catalysts in biochemical processes requires to bring them into close contact with the substrates to be processed. For oil-soluble substrates and water soluble enzymes this might be achieved by bringing the water and oil phase in a bicontinuous microemulsion into close contact. In this contribution we review two possible scenarios of how the enzyme and the interface influence each other. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and neutron spin echo spectroscopy (NSE) act as a microscope to look into the details of the interfacial region of microemulsions.
Potential of environmental scanning electron microscopy and SAXS to determine structural insights of plant-based emulsions with increasing dry matter content
Authors: Heiden-Hecht Theresia , Wu Baohu , Appavou Marie-Sousai , Förster Stephan , Frielinghaus Henrich , Holderer Olaf
Published: October 2023

Plant-based emulsions with increasing dry matter content show a large range of structural features from atomic to macroscopic length scales, which may be examined with scattering techniques in reciprocal space and microscopic techniques in real space. In this contribution, we focus on plan-based emulsions in terms of mesoscopic structure, and report on the impact of temperature and humidity on the structure measured via environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) in real space. Small angle x-ray scattering in reciprocal space extends the knowledge on structural properties on smaller length scales at different temperature. Decreasing the humidity for the ESEM experiments revealed structural properties of different products. Temperature decrease from room temperature to 5 °C showed emerging crystalline peaks during SAXS measurements.
Familienorientierte Prävention häuslicher Gewalt in Krisenzeiten
Authors: Magiera Kim , Gossmann Emily , Fegert Jörg M.
Published: October 2023

Gegenstand und Ziel Das Forschungsprojekt hatte zum Ziel, den Ist-Stand der Forschung zu Prävention und Intervention bei häuslicher Gewalt darzustellen sowie Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer familienorientierten Prävention häuslicher Gewalt auszuloten.

Material und Methoden Es wurde eine Literaturanalyse zu Prävalenzen, Folgen und Best Practices im Umgang mit häuslicher Gewalt durchgeführt. Darüber hinaus wurden 22 leitfadengestützte Experteninterviews und 2 Gruppendiskussionen mit Fachkräften aus dem Versorgungssystem häusliche Gewalt geführt. Die erhobenen Daten wurden mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Fachkräfte beschreiben sowohl strukturelle als auch Schwierigkeiten hinsichtlich der Vernetzung mit anderen Hilfeeinrichtungen und Defizite in der Aus- und Weiterbildung; gleichzeitig entwickeln sie Ideen, wie diese mit der Zielrichtung einer Verbesserung der Versorgung betroffener Familien verändert werden können.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Versorgungsangebote bei häuslicher Gewalt sollten niedrigschwellig und übersichtlich gestaltet werden. MST-CAN sowie Familien- und Erziehungsberatungsstellen erscheinen aufgrund der Datenlage als vielversprechende Ansätze zur Verbesserung einer familienorientierten Prävention häuslicher Gewalt.

Klinische Relevanz Ärzte können eine Schlüsselrolle in der Verbesserung der Hilfe bei häuslicher Gewalt einnehmen, wenn sie Patienten gezielt nach Gewalterfahrungen fragen, das lokale Hilfenetzwerk kennen und je nach Bedarf zielgerichtet dorthin verweisen. Dies gilt insbesondere in Krisenzeiten, wenn andere regelmäßige Kontakte wegfallen.
Psychische Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Krisenzeiten
Authors: Gossmann Emily , Erlewein Katrin , Fegert Jörg M.
Published: October 2023

Gegenstand und Ziel Das Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, die direkten und indirekten Folgen verschiedener Krisen für die psychische Gesundheit und Teilhabe von Kindern und Jugendlichen aufzuzeigen, Risikogruppen zu identifizieren und Präventionsstrategien für den Erhalt der psychischen Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Krisen darzustellen.

Material und Methoden Bei dem vorliegenden Artikel handelt es sich um eine Übersicht wissenschaftlicher Literatur.

Ergebnisse Auswirkungen von Krisen sind vielfältig und lassen sich auf finanzieller, sozialer, edukativer, gesundheitlicher und ökonomischer Ebene einordnen, die Einfluss auf die psychische Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen nehmen können. Besonders gefährdet sind vorbelastete Kinder und Jugendliche.

Schlussfolgerung(en) Da Krisen auch zukünftig auftreten werden, sind geeignete Präventionsmaßnahmen von besonderer Bedeutung. Informationsveranstaltungen und Beratungsangebote können auf bestehende Strukturen, wie Schulen und Kindergärten, aufgebaut werden. Digitale Angebote bieten außerdem eine moderne Ergänzung zu klassischen Angeboten, die mit Niederschwelligkeit und Flexibilität einhergehen.
Prävention von (sexualisierter) Gewalt in medizinischen Institutionen als Krisenprävention
Authors: Hoffmann Ulrike , Fegert Jörg Michael
Published: October 2023

Gegenstand und Ziel In den vergangenen Jahren wurden immer wieder Fälle von (sexualisierter) Gewalt in medizinischen Institutionen bekannt. Dies führte vielfach zu einer institutionellen Krise, da keine Abläufe für solche Fälle in der Institution etabliert waren.

Material und Methoden Dargestellt werden Formen von Risikofaktoren für Gewalt in medizinischen Institutionen, Einteilungen von Prävention sowie der Aufbau eines Schutzkonzeptes gegen (sexualisierte) Gewalt.

Ergebnisse Es gibt eine Vielzahl von Risikofaktoren. Maßnahmen gegen (sexualisierte) Gewalt an Kindern und Jugendlichen werden in ein Schema nach universeller, selektiver und indizierter Prävention eingeordnet.

Schlussfolgerung(en) Die Entwicklung eines Schutzkonzeptes kann bei einem partizipativen Ansatz dazu beitragen, dass alle Personen in einer Institution miteinander ins Gespräch kommen und sich das Institutionsklima verbessert. Die Einteilung in universelle, selektive und indizierte Prävention berücksichtigt die unterschiedlichen Bedarfe von Risikogruppen.

Klinische Relevanz Medizinische Institutionen sind durch eine Änderung in der QM-Richtlinie des G-BA seit 2020 verpflichtet, ein Schutzkonzept gegen (sexualisierte) Gewalt zu entwickeln.
Grundlagen zur Anwendung von Andexanet
Authors: Koscielny J. , Birschmann I. , Bauersachs R. , Trenk D. , Langer F. , Möhnle P. , Beyer-Westendorf J.
Published: October 2023

Hintergrund Für lebensbedrohliche oder unkontrollierbare Blutungen steht bei einer Assoziation mit dem Thrombin-Inhibitor Dabigatran das monoklonale Antikörperfragment Idarucizumab und bei einer Assoziation mit den direkten Faktor-Xa-Inhibitoren Rivaroxaban oder Apixaban das modifizierte rekombinante FXa-Protein Andexanet für eine Antagonisierung zur Verfügung. Diese spezifischen Antidote stellen Notfallpräparate dar, die typischerweise nur bei Notwendigkeit einer Antagonisierung neben oder nach der Durchführung leitlinienkonformer multimodaler Maßnahmen eingesetzt werden.

Methoden Eine interdisziplinäre Gruppe erfahrener Experten aus den Bereichen Angiologie, Hämatologie, Innerer Medizin, klinischer Pharmakologie, Labormedizin, Transfusionsmedizin, Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Hämostaseologie hat auf Basis der aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Datenlage praxisrelevante Informationen und Empfehlungen erarbeitet.

Ergebnisse Eine Antagonisierung oraler Antikoagulanzien sollte in folgenden Situationen erfolgen: (1) lebensbedrohliche Blutungen oder refraktärer hämorrhagischer Schock, (2) intrazerebrale Blutungen, oder (3) gastrointestinale endoskopisch unstillbare Blutungen. Nach erfolgreicher Blutstillung sollte die Antikoagulation (z.B. direktes orales Antikoagulanz, Vitamin-K-Antagonist, Heparin) unter Berücksichtigung des individuellen Blutungs- und Thromboembolierisikos wieder zeitnah fortgeführt werden.

Diskussion Diese Zusammenstellung soll allen beteiligten medizinischen Disziplinen helfen, den Umgang mit Andexanet zu erleichtern und damit eine optimale Versorgung der Patienten mit lebensbedrohlichen oder unkontrollierbaren Blutungen zu gewährleisten.
Recurrence, Reoperation, and Patient-Reported Outcomes after Wrist Ganglion Excision
Authors: Lans Jonathan , George Keith M. , Hazewinkel Merel , Eberlin Kyle R. , Chen Neal C. , Garg Rohit
Published: October 2023

Background Ganglion excision is performed for pain, functional impairment, or cosmetic reasons, with recurrence rates ranging between 9 and 20%. The aim of this study was to evaluate the recurrence and reoperation rates after ganglion excision, along with assessing patient-reported outcomes.

Methods Retrospectively, 1,076 patients, with 1,080 wrist ganglia, were identified who underwent open excision (n = 1,055) and arthroscopic excision (n = 25). The ganglia were predominantly dorsal (59%) and volar (37%). Additionally, 149 patients who underwent open excision and all who underwent arthroscopic excision were contacted to complete a questionnaire on recurrence and reoperation, the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH), and the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE). Seventy-seven patients responded at a median of 4 years postoperatively. A matched case-control analysis was performed to identify factors associated with reoperation, along with a bivariate analysis to assess what factors influence patient-reported outcomes.

Results The reoperation rate was 3.3%, with no factors statistically associated with reoperation in case-control analysis. Among the contacted patients, 13% reported a recurrence, of which 2.6% reported reoperation. The median QuickDASH score was 2.3 (interquartile range [IQR]: 0–12), the median PRWE score was 0 (IQR: 0–12), and the median pain score was 0 (IQR: 0–3), with female sex being associated with higher scores.

Conclusion The reoperation rate after ganglion excision is low (3.3%) and is mostly performed within 3 years. The self-reported ganglion recurrence is higher (13%), but only one-fifth of these patients reported a repeat excision. After surgery, patients report good functional scores, with little persistent pain.
Using physics games to explore the climate crisis in the Arctic
Authors: McConnon Aili
Published: October 2023

A climate change escape room educates introductory physics students about the effects of thermokarst in the Arctic
Exploring tadpole swimming strategies and dynamics
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: October 2023

A model tadpole provides insights into efficient swimming patterns that could inspire future robotic microswimmers.
Formation of dust acoustic rarefactive solitary structures in a Cairns distributed electron–ion plasma
Authors: Abid A. A. , Zhengwei Wu , Khan Abdullah , Qureshi M. N. S. , Esmaeili Amin
Published: October 2023

The Cairns-distributed electrons and positive ions in a plasma made up of a negative dust fluid are taken into account to examine the presence of arbitrary amplitude dust-acoustic solitons. It has previously been noted that nonthermal ions and thermal electrons generate both compressive and rarefactive solitons. In this paper, we noticed that nonthermal electrons together with nonthermal ions are responsible for producing the rarefactive solitons. It is found that the Sagdeev potential strongly depends on plasma parameters, such as nonthermal index α and Mach number, which, in turn, influence the Sagdeev potential and solitons significantly. We also found that the critical match number and height of soliton increase with the nonthermal parameter α. We further note that the Sagdeev potential as a function of potential φ becomes more negative and the amplitude of the soliton also enhances as the value of Mach number rises. It is concluded that the model presented here based on nonthermal ions and electrons in a negative dust fluid provides a worthy interpretation for electrostatic solitons observed in space plasmas.
Phase separation underlies signaling activation of oncogenic NTRK fusions
Authors: Zhu Tianxin , Xie Jingjing , He Hao , Li Huan , Tang Xianbin , Wang Shuyang , Li Ziwen , Tian Yawen , Li Lingyu , Zhu Jidong , Zhu Guangya
Published: October 2023

NTRK
(neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase) gene fusions that encode chimeric proteins exhibiting constitutive activity of tropomyosin receptor kinases (TRK), are oncogenic drivers in multiple cancer types. However, the underlying mechanisms in oncogenesis that involve various N-terminal fusion partners of NTRK fusions remain elusive. Here, we show that NTRK fusion proteins form liquid-like condensates driven by their N-terminal fusion partners. The kinase reactions are accelerated in these condensates where the complexes for downstream signaling activation are also concentrated. Our work demonstrates that the phase separation driven by NTRK fusions is not only critical for TRK activation, but the condensates formed through phase separation serve as organizational hubs for oncogenic signaling.
Associations between light exposure and sleep timing and sleepiness while awake in a sample of UK adults in everyday life
Authors: Didikoglu Altug , Mohammadian Navid , Johnson Sheena , van Tongeren Martie , Wright Paul , Casson Alexander J. , Brown Timothy M. , Lucas Robert J.
Published: October 2023

Experimental and interventional studies show that light can regulate sleep timing and sleepiness while awake by setting the phase of circadian rhythms and supporting alertness. The extent to which differences in light exposure explain variations in sleep and sleepiness within and between individuals in everyday life remains less clear. Here, we establish a method to address this deficit, incorporating an open-source wearable wrist-worn light logger (SpectraWear) and smartphone-based online data collection. We use it to simultaneously record longitudinal light exposure (in melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance), sleep timing, and subjective alertness over seven days in a convenience sample of 59 UK adults without externally imposed circadian challenge (e.g., shift work or jetlag). Participants reliably had strong daily rhythms in light exposure but frequently were exposed to less light during the daytime and more light in pre-bedtime and sleep episodes than recommended [T. M. Brown
et al.
, PLoS Biol.
20
, e3001571 (2022)]. Prior light exposure over several hours was associated with lower subjective sleepiness with, in particular, brighter light in the late sleep episode and after wake linked to reduced early morning sleepiness (sleep inertia). Higher pre-bedtime light exposure was associated with longer sleep onset latency. Early sleep timing was correlated with more reproducible and robust daily patterns of light exposure and higher daytime/lower night-time light exposure. Our study establishes a method for collecting longitudinal sleep and health/performance data in everyday life and provides evidence of associations between light exposure and important determinants of sleep health and performance.
A sub-10-nm, folic acid-conjugated gold nanoparticle as self-therapeutic treatment of tubulointerstitial fibrosis
Authors: Chan Cecilia Ka Wing , Szeto Cheuk Chun , Lee Leo Kit Cheung , Xiao Yu , Yin Bohan , Ding Xiaofan , Lee Thomas Wai Yip , Lau James Yun Wong , Choi Chung Hang Jonathan
Published: October 2023

Nanomedicines for treating chronic kidney disease (CKD) are on the horizon, yet their delivery to renal tubules where tubulointerstitial fibrosis occurs remains inefficient. We report a folic acid-conjugated gold nanoparticle that can transport into renal tubules and treat tubulointerstitial fibrosis in mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction. The 3-nm gold core allows for the dissection of bio–nano interactions in the fibrotic kidney, ensures the overall nanoparticle (~7 nm) to be small enough for glomerular filtration, and naturally inhibits the p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase in the absence of chemical or biological drugs. The folic acids support binding to selected tubule cells with overexpression of folate receptors and promote retention in the fibrotic kidney. Upon intravenous injection, this nanoparticle can selectively accumulate in the fibrotic kidney over the nonfibrotic contralateral kidney at ~3.6% of the injected dose. Delivery to the fibrotic kidney depends on nanoparticle size and disease stage. Notably, a single injection of this self-therapeutic nanoparticle reduces tissue degeneration, inhibits genes related to the extracellular matrix, and treats fibrosis more effectively than standard Captopril therapy. Our data underscore the importance of constructing CKD nanomedicines based on renal pathophysiology.
Direct neuronal conversion of microglia/macrophages reinstates neurological function after stroke
Authors: Irie Takashi , Matsuda Taito , Hayashi Yoshinori , Matsuda-Ito Kanae , Kamiya Akihide , Masuda Takahiro , Prinz Marco , Isobe Noriko , Kira Jun-ichi , Nakashima Kinichi
Published: October 2023

Although generating new neurons in the ischemic injured brain would be an ideal approach to replenish the lost neurons for repairing the damage, the adult mammalian brain retains only limited neurogenic capability. Here, we show that direct conversion of microglia/macrophages into neurons in the brain has great potential as a therapeutic strategy for ischemic brain injury. After transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult mice, microglia/macrophages converge at the lesion core of the striatum, where neuronal loss is prominent. Targeted expression of a neurogenic transcription factor, NeuroD1, in microglia/macrophages in the injured striatum enables their conversion into induced neuronal cells that functionally integrate into the existing neuronal circuits. Furthermore, NeuroD1-mediated induced neuronal cell generation significantly improves neurological function in the mouse stroke model, and ablation of these cells abolishes the gained functional recovery. Our findings thus demonstrate that neuronal conversion contributes directly to functional recovery after stroke.
A - 22 Preliminary Outcomes on Depression Symptoms in a Randomized Controlled Trial of High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Alzheimer’s Dementia
Authors: Helphrey Jessica , Cabrera Hannah , Neaves Stephanie , Ahmed Danyah , Chiang Hsueh-Sheng , Thakkar Vishal , Peters Matthew , McClintock Shawn , Hart John , LoBue Christian
Published: October 2023

Objective

New treatments to manage emotional and cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer’s Dementia (ad) are needed. High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technology with potential as a new treatment for improving neuropsychiatric symptoms. The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is a region found to play an important role in emotional processes and is vulnerable to degeneration in ad. As such, we conducted a pilot study investigating the effect of HD-tDCS applied over the dACC on depression symptoms in ad patients.

Method

Ten participants (M age = 71.50, SD = 9.80) with clinically diagnosed mild-to-moderate ad were randomized to receive sham (0 milliamps [mA]; n = 2), 1 mA (n = 5), or 2 mA (n = 3) HD-tDCS for ten daily 20-minute sessions across two weeks. The Beck Depression Inventory-2 (BDI-2) was administered before and after ten treatments. A one-tailed analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted to examine differences in post-treatment scores between HD-tDCS groups, adjusting for pre-treatment scores.

Results

Baseline BDI-2 scores were similar for the groups receiving 1 mA (M = 7.00; SD = 3.10), 2 mA (M = 4.70; SD = 8.10), and sham (M = 9.00; SD = 7.10) Statistically significant differences were found between groups on depression scores after HD-tDCS, F(2) = 3.55, p = 0.048, ηp2 = 0.54), driven by the depression scores in the 1 mA group being lower than the sham group.

Conclusions

Our pilot results suggest that HD-tDCS may be associated with a reduction in depression symptoms in ad, though determining the minimum clinically important difference for a decrease needs further evaluation. Future research having larger samples with ad and long-term follow up is also warranted to examine clinical efficacy.