bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PO-054 Research on Animal models of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Liu Ruilian , Qu Honglin
Published: October 2018

Objective This paper analysis amount of literature about domestic and abroad with establishing the animal model of AD as the basics point of the research, and explore the construction of animal models of AD and the theoretical basis of the study. The purpose of the paper was to better probe AD Pathogenesis and etiology, and how to take appropriate intervention methods to lay the foundation.

Methods

Results Following the analysis, we found that the animal models of AD were mainly modeled by transgenic animal model, modeled by AD histopathological features, cholinergic nerve injury, aging, multifactorial complex, and ischemia and hypoxia. Each modeling method was based on the corresponding theoretical research carried out on the basis of the current research, however, the exact pathogenesis of AD was not clear, so the scholars in a variety of hypotheses on the premise Under the experimental animal model, naturally with a certain degree of one-sidedness. Transgenic animal model is expensive, disease resistance was poor, it was difficult to carry out a large amount of experimental study; cholinergic neuron damage in AD experimental animals for cholinergic function impairment and cognitive function of the ideal study.

Conclusions The modeling method of AD had many advantages and disadvantages, and the compound animal model of AD was more complex than single factor modeling. Thus, no matter which way AD animal model, it was difficult to replicate all the typical pathological changes in AD, suggesting that the pathogenesis of AD and its pathological changes in the complexity and multi-factor.
PO-071 Effects of Resistance Training of Different Loads on Gastrocnemius Protein, IGF-I and TNF-α in Aging Rats
Authors: Jia Min , Weng Xiquan , Zhai Sanhua , Lin Wentao
Published: October 2018

Objective To observe the effects of different load resistance training on skeletal muscle dystrophy in aging rats by observing the expression of protein and protein of IGF-I and TNF-α in aging rats after 8 weeks of different load resistance training. The resistance training delays the theoretical basis for anti-skeletal muscle aging.

Methods 40 aging SD rats (18 months old) were randomly divided into a quiet control group, a non-weight-bearing exercise group, 30% of the largest negative recombination, 50% of the largest negative recombination, and 70% of the largest negative recombination. The sports group carried the treadmill movement with the tail load, the slope was 35°, the running speed was 15m/min, the rest was 30s every 15s, the rest was 3min after four cycles, and the three groups were one cycle. The cycle was intermittent for 10 minutes, and the exercise frequency was the next day for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, the rat gastrocnemius muscle was taken. The protein content of the gastrocnemius muscle was determined by Coomassie brilliant blue method. The contents of IGF-I and TNF-α in the gastrocnemius muscle were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results After 1.8 weeks of different load resistance exercise, compared with the quiet control group, the skeletal muscle protein content of each exercise group increased, among which 50% of the largest negative recombination and 70% of the largest negative recombination was the most significant (P<0.01). Compared with 70% of the largest negative recombination, the 50% maximum negative recombination content was relatively high (P<0.05);

After 8 weeks of different load resistance exercise, compared with the quiet control group, the content of IGF-I in the gastrocnemius of each exercise group was higher than that of the quiet control group, and there was a very significant difference (P<0.01), and 50%. The highest negative recombination and 70% of the largest negative recombination content is the highest;

After 8 weeks of different load resistance exercise, compared with the quiet control group, the TNF-α content in the gastrocnemius muscle of the rats in each resistance exercise group increased slightly, and the increase of only 50% of the largest negative recombination was statistically significant (P<0.05), although there were differences between the exercise groups, there was no statistical significance (P>0.05).

Conclusions 50% of the maximum weight-bearing resistance training can effectively increase the skeletal muscle muscle protein content of aging SD rats, and it is related to up-regulation of IGF-I factor and down-regulation of TNF-α factor expression by resistance training.
PO-100 Analysis of Body Composition and Body Function of Athletes in Freestyle ski Half-pipe National Team
Authors: Li Lin , Wu Hao
Published: October 2018

Objective The objectives were to analyze the body composition and body functions of the freestyle ski half-pipe national team athletes, to understand the body composition characteristics of the athletes , and to explore the relationship between body composition and body function in the sports program, in preparation for 2022 The Winter Olympics provides a theoretical reference.

Methods 9 members of the freestyle ski half-pipe national team were used as subjects (average age 15.78±0.97, exercise age 6.38±2.75), and they were tested and analyzed using an ultrasonic body composition tester and Wingate anaerobic power bike. Body composition test indicators: body fat rate, lean body mass. Body function test indicators: maximum anaerobic power.  This paper uses literature, experimental and mathematical statistics. And the mathematical statistics method: using SPSS 2.0 to analyze the data by Pearson correlation.

Results 1. The body fat rate of male and female athletes in freestyle half-pipe national team was: 7.60±1.16; 19.75±1.25. The lean body mass of male and female athletes was: 53.8±1.85KG; 44.75±0.62KG.

The maximum anaerobic power of male and female athletes in freestyle half-pipe national team was: 453.80±17.87; 345.50±3.01.

The lean body mass of male athletes was significantly positively correlated with the maximum anaerobic power (r=0.995, P<0.01). Female athletes' lean body mass was positively correlated with maximum anaerobic power, but not significant.

There is no correlation between the body fat rate and the maximum anaerobic power of male and female athletes in the freestyle ski half-pipe national team.

Conclusions 1. Freestyle ski half-pipe players have a positive correlation between lean body mass and anaerobic capacity.  According to the characteristics of the sports program, the higher lean body weight has a positive impact on improving the athletic ability and thus ensuring the completion of difficult movements.

      2. Due to the relationship between athletes' age and sample size, the data in this paper is only a recommended reference for this sports program. It is not applicable to all programs. It is necessary to continue to supplement the data to establish a body composition evaluation system for the freestyle ski half-pipe team.
PO-019 Effects of Yin Yoga for Three Months on Insomnia in Menopausal Women
Authors: Shi Xiaoli
Published: October 2018

Objective To assess changes in sleep quality before and after 3 months Yin yoga on insomnia in menopausal women,which provides a scientific and reliable theoretical basis for improving insomnia of menopausal women by doing Yin yoga exercise.

Methods Twenty menopausal women (year,48.16±3.66) with non-organic insomnia who volunteered for Yin yoga were selected. They all performed the same six poses of Yin yoga at 22:00 PM. Each pose lasted for 5min, 30 min each time, 5 times per week, and for 3 consecutive months. Before and after 3 month Yin yoga exercise, polysomnogram(PSG) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) were used to evaluate the improvement of insomnia.

Results After 3 months Yin yoga exercise, the sleep latency (SL), rem sleep latency (RL) and sleep efficiency (SE) of the insomniacs all improved, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Three months of Yin yoga exercise later, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index showed a significant difference in sleep scores compared with the start of exercise(P<0.01).

Conclusions Yin yoga exercise can improve insomnia in menopausal women and the effect is significant, worthy of promotion.
PO-023 The Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Alternative Splicing of PKC δI pre-mRNA
Authors: Shi Junzhen , Zhao Jinfeng , Bai Xuyang , Wu Baoai
Published: October 2018

Objective Alternative splicing of genes is the main way to produce large numbers of proteins, but the mechanism is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluated the effect of aerobic exercise on PKC δI pre-mRNA alternative splicing. Further, to explore the effect of aerobic exercise on SFRS10 concentration. Because the PKCδ1 is involved in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation and splice factor SFRS10 regulates alternative of PKCδ1, explore the mechanism of PKCδ1 alternative splicing, understand the role of the alternative splicing variants, to provide the theory basis for the mechanism of aerobic exercise reduce the incidence of obesity.

Methods C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into normal quiet group, normal exercise group, obese and quiet group, and obese exercise group. The exercise group performed aerobic exercise for 8 weeks. The intensity of aerobic exercise was: running platform slope is 0, speed 10 m/min, 1 h/time, 1 time/day, 6 times/week for a total of 8 weeks. Immediately after exercise, the cDNA was extracted from liver and adipose tissue. The contents of PKCδ1 and SFRS10 in liver and adipose tissue were determined by PCR and RT-PCR. Liver and fat were stained by oil red O staining to observe lipid droplet changes. And the mouse's Lee's index and blood lipids were determined.

Results  Lee's index = 3√ (body weight * 1000) / body length, Lee's index of obese mice decreased significantly after aerobic exercise, in addition, after aerobic exercise, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) also showed a downward trend (P < 0.05), while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased (P < 0.05); oil red O staining results showed lipid droplets become smaller after aerobic exercise. The results of PCR and RT-PCR showed in the obese and quiet group than in the normal quiet group, the content of PKCδ1-FL decreased, the content of PKCδ1-△Exon9 increased, and the content of SFRS10 decreased. In the normal exercise group than in the normal quiet group and in the obese exercise group than in the obese and quiet group, the PKCδ1-FL content increased, the PKCδ1-△Exon9 content decreased, and the SFRS10 content increased.

Conclusions  Aerobic exercise can significantly increase the content of PKCδ1-FL and SFRS10. PKCδ1-FL inhibits the formation of adipocytes, SFRS10 promotes the inclusion of PKCδ1 exon 9, and there is a molecular mechanism of alternative splicing between PKCδ1 and SFRS10.
PO-136 Cycling Incremental test using Breath-by-breath Metabolic Cart to Predict VO2 max
Authors: Wang Fei , Fu Haixia
Published: October 2018

Objective Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) is a key indicator to assess health as well as sports performance. In heterogeneous, athletic populations, VO2 max is one of the most frequently measured variables in exercise physiology laboratories. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Maximal oxygen uptake with other metabolism parameters during one high-intensity activity, and provide simple solution for VO2 max prediction.

Methods A total of 27 young athletes were selected. The incremental test was performed on a cycle ergometer (Monark 874 E, Sweden). Participants warmed up for 5 min at 50 watts (W); thereafter, the power output was increased 125 W every 3 min until exhaustion, which was defined as the incapacity to maintain a pedal cadence above 60 revolution per minute (rpm). Oxygen uptake (V̇O2), carbon dioxide production (V̇CO2) and other metabolism indexes were obtained breath-by-breath throughout the test using a metabolic cart (Quark b2, COSMED, Italy). Heart rate (HR) was measured throughout the test using a HR monitor (Polar Vantage NV, Finland). The main method in the VO2 prediction is the use of a mixed effects regression model. The potential explanatory variables include VO2kg (functional data with information on oxygen consumption per kg weight during the test), HR (functional data with heart rate information during the test), MHR (maximum heart rate of the athlete), VO2kgmean (average oxygen consumption during the test), VO2kgmax (maximum oxygen consumption value during the test), VCO2 (carbon dioxide emissions per minute during the test), HRmean (heart rate average), HRmax (maximum heart rate value during the test), age, height, weight. The model statistical analyses were implemented in R platform (version 3.3.3).

Results (1) regression model results revealed MHR did not have stronger effects on VO2 max prediction. (2) Parameters of VO2kg, HR, HRmean, height, weight showed relative higher r2 values and lower RMSE values indicating the possible indexes for VO2 max prediction. (3) the interaction effects occurred between indicators which increase the complexity of the model.

Conclusions In this study, a simple methodology for the prediction of maximum oxygen consumption has been presented. It combines a relatively simple level of base metabolism parameters. Despite the easy test and low level of exercise required the test provides an rational prediction of VO2 max, which could provide necessary information when it applied as a simple way.
PO-152 The effects of 4 weeks training mediates apelin on the p-AMPK(Thr172)/AMPK ratio in skeletal muscle of mice
Authors: Li Tieying , Zhang Ying
Published: October 2018

Objective To investigate the effects of 4 weeks aerobic exercise mediates apelin on the p-AMPK(Thr172)/AMPK ratio in skeletal muscle of mice.

Methods The C57BL/6J wild type mice(n=40) were randomly divided into four groups: control group (WC), exercise group (WE), apelin injection control group (AC) and apelin injection exercise group (AE), with 10 mice in each group. Apelin injection group mice were intraperitoneally injected with apelin (0.1 μmol/kg/day) for 4 weeks. At the same time, the exercise groups mice underwent 60min/day treadmill running with a slope of  5°at the speed of 15m/min for 2 weeks, and the speed was adjusted to 20m/min in the later 2 weeks. 48 h after the final exercise session quadriceps muscles were harvest. The protein expression of apelin, APJ, AMPKα and p-AMPKα (Thr172) in skeletal muscle was determined by Western Blot.

Results (1) Compared with WC group, the protein expression of apelin , APJ and p-AMPKα (Thr172)/AMPKα ratio  in AC group skeletal muscle of mice were increased;

(2) Compared with WE group , the p-AMPKα (Thr172) / AMPKα ratio in AE group skeletal muscle of mice were  increased.

Conclusions Apelin supplementation for 4 weeks can up-regulate AMPK protein activity in skeletal muscle both in sedentary group and exercise group.
PO-155 Comparison of effects of different exercise modes on rat gastrocnemius muscle
Authors: Liu Xiujuan , Zhang Nianyun
Published: October 2018

Objective   To explore the effects of different exercise patterns on gastrocnemius weight.

Methods   Forty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, which were quiet control group (Con), continuous exercise group (CE), high-intensity intermittent exercise group (HIIT) and ladder exercise group (LE). After 8 weeks of exercise training, each group was anesthetized and samples were collected for testing. The body weight and gastrocnemius weight of each group were recorded. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of ​​gastrocnemius muscle was observed by HE staining. The levels of MSTN and insulin in serum were detected by ELISA. The expressions of MSTN, IGF1 and p70S6K in rat gastrocnemius muscle were detected by Western blot.

Results Compared with group Con, the body weights of the three exercise groups were significantly lower, and the weight of the gastrocnemius muscles in group CE was significantly lower. Morphological observation of gastrocnemius showed that the cross-sectional area of ​​the gastrocnemius muscle in group CE was significantly decreased, compared with group Con, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the gastrocnemius muscle in group LE was significantly increased. There was no significant change in the cross-sectional area of ​​the gastrocnemius muscle in group HIIT. The ELISA results showed that serum GDF8 levels were significantly decreased in the three exercise groups compared with group Con, while the insulin levels were not significantly changed. Compared with group Con, the expression of GDF8 protein in the gastrocnemius muscle of the group LE was significantly decreased, while the protein expression of IGF1 and P70S6K was significantly increased. The protein expression of the gastrocnemius P70S6K in group CE was also significantly increased.

Conclusions   Although the three exercise modes can significantly reduce the body weight of rats, only HIIT and LE improve the gastrocnemius muscle mass index. CE significantly reduced the body weight and cross-sectional area of ​​the gastrocnemius muscle. Although the protein expression of P70S6K was increased, there was no significant effect on the protein expression of GDF8 and IGF1. Ladder movement may increase the gastrocnemius cross-sectional area by reducing MSTN and increasing protein expression of IGF1 and P70S6K.
PO-164 Effect of exercise intervention on appetite regulating hormones in obese children
Authors: Liao Jingwen , Hu Min
Published: October 2018

Objective Obesity in children usually develops from early age and is due to chronic energy imbalance, and long-term exercise has been shown to have the capacity to alter the sensitivity of the appetite regulatory system. Therefore, the current study was designed to examine the circulating levels of appetite regulating hormones after exercise intervention in obese children.

Methods 24 obese children were subjected to exercise training program lasted for 6 weeks, and eating behavior of the children were evaluated using the Children Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) before and after intervention. Plasma leptin and ghrelin were also determined using ELISA kits.

Results Circulating levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were also decreased with significant difference (P<0.05), while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly increased (P<0.05). Fasting plasma glucose was also decrease but with no significant difference. The level of leptin was decreased after 6 weeks intervention with no statistical significance, while the circulating level of ghrelin was significantly enhanced (P<0.05). The scores of FR and EF were significantly decreased (P<0.05) after intervention. No significant change was found on SR and SE of CEBQ, even though they were observed increased compared with that of baseline.

Conclusions The current study found that there were obvious effects of 6 weeks exercise intervention on appetite regulating hormones and subjective appetite changes in obese children.
PO-166 Neuromuscular Fatigue after maximal Concentric and Eccentric Contractions of Knee Extensor
Authors: Xu Shenpeng , Wang Ying , Chen Wan
Published: October 2018

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate after different maximal contractions concentric and eccentric would cause different neuromuscular fatigue of knee extensor. 

Methods Ten healthy young men(21≤age≤24) who were not adapted by electrical stimulation were the subjects.The subjects were asked to arrive at the laboratory in three weeks at the same time of every week to avoid the effects of biological rhythms.Each subject performed three group maximal contractions on the ISOMED2000 isokinetic muscle tester according to the requirements.The subjects performed the same neuromuscular function test before and after exercise.The centripetal motion scheme:3*30,M1(knee flexion)-CON,M2(knee extension)-CON.angular velocity is 60 °,interval 30s in each group.Centrifugal motion scheme:3*30,M1(knee flexion)-ECC,M2(knee extension)-ECC.angular velocity is 60 °,interval 30s in each group. 

Results The decrease rate of peak torque after concentric exercise was 55.93±13.20%, which was significantly higher than that after centrifugal exercise (20.06 ±11.06%, P < 0.01)The total work of the concentric movement was 8737.20±1543.43J, which was significantly smaller than that of the centrifugal exercise group (14312.20±2978.31J, P < 0. 01).The decline rate of MVC in concentric exercise was 24.89 ±10.54 and that in centrifugal exercise was 19.32±9.90,there was no significant difference between the two groups. Double Twitch induced a very significant decrease in PT-SSR RFD-SSN RHD-SS (P<0.01).There was no significant difference in VA decline rate.PAP decreased from 142.82±14.55% to 125.23±11.36 after concentric exercise, and after eccentric exercise PAP decreased from 141.1215.72% to 126.02 ±10.45. 

Conclusions The neuromuscular fatigue caused by two kinds of exercise. Peripheral fatigue accounted for 39.19% after concentric exercise and 23.59% after centrifugal exercise,but there was little difference in the degree of central fatigue.All of them showed low frequency fatigue, and the low frequency fatigue after centrifugal exercise was more obvious.

Key World:Neuromuscular fatigue; Electrical stimulation; High-frequency fatigue; Low-frequency fatigue; PAP.
PO-189 Cardiac autonomic recovery from an acute bout of cardio pulmonary exercise test
Authors: Yin Honggang
Published: October 2018

Objective  Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive clinical indicator of cardiovascular health, to date there has been little agreement on what HRV recovery following exercise. The present study aimed to evaluate the acute effects of cardio pulmonary exercise test (CPET) on cardiac autonomic activity in adolescent individuals.

Methods Fifty-two healthy participants (Male=26, age: 20.31±1.49 years, height: 176±5.67 cm, body mass: 69.08±10.27 kg. Female=26, age: 20.62±0.98 years, height: 162.46±5.39 cm, body mass: 53.42±7.31 kg) underwent CEPT measurements of HRmax and VO2peak. Tests were performed on the Master Screen CPX model according to the Bruce protocol (JAEGER, Germany). Predicted peak heart rate was calculated as 220-age. HRV measurements were collected using the SphygmoCor device (AtCor Medical, Australia) at baseline, 5, 30 and 60 min after the CPET. Differences between groups were assessed using an independent t-test. The HRV variables were analyzed using a 2-factor [sex (male, female); time (Baseline, Post-5min, Post-30min, Post-60min)] repeated-measures ANOVA.

Results  There were significant differences in VO2peak (51.09±4.41 vs. 37.59±3.62 ml min-1 kg-1) (P<0.05), RPE (ratings of perceived exertion)、RER (respiratory exchange ratio) were similar between groups (P>0.05). There were significant increases (P<0.01) in heart rate, markers of sympathetic activity (nLF) and sympathovagal balance (nLF/nHF) for 60 min after the CEPT trial, there were also significant decreases (P<0.01) in markers of vagal tone (RMMSD, nHF) for 60 min. There were no significant interactions between groups from rest to recovery from maximal exercise for any HRV variables. The overall change in ln LF/HF was of greater proportion in male participants(P<0.05) within 5 min.

Conclusions  Our findings indicate that the change of autonomic recovery was difference between male and female within 5 min, and it takes longer than 60 min to recover following an acute bout of CPET trial.
PO-197 Effects of aerobic exercise training on F13A-mediated energy metabolism in mice
Authors: Wang Yangwenjie , Zhang Ying
Published: October 2018

Objective Apelin, an adipokine and also a myokine, is involved in energy metabolism. F13A is an analog of apelin-13. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on F13A-mediated energy metabolism in mice.

Methods 20 C57BL/6J wild mice were randomly divided into 4 groups(n:5), namely saline control group(SC), saline exercise group(SE), F13A control group(FC), and F13A exercise group(FE). Mice were intraperitoneally injected with F13A(0.2 μmol/kg/day) or saline(15 μl/kg/day). Mice in the exercise group underwent 60 min/day treadmill running at a speed of 15 m/min with a slope of 5 º. After 2 weeks, the maximal oxygen uptake was measured and the running speed was adjusted to 20 m/min. The treadmill running continued 4 weeks. The mice were individually housed in a Comprehensive Lab Animal Monitoring System(Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH, USA) between the 3rd and 4th week of training with free access to food and water. O2 consumption(VO2), CO2 production(VCO2) and respiratory exchange ratio(RER) during a 24-h period were measured after 24h of acclimatization. Glucose oxidation(in g/min/kg0.75=[(4.545×VCO2)−(3.205×VO2)]/1000), and lipid oxidation(in g/min/kg0.75=[1.672×(VO2−VCO2)]/1000) were calculated.

Results F13A alone increased glucose oxidation(P<0.01, vs SC group). Exercise plus F13A caused a significant decline in RER(P<0.01 vs FC and P<0.05 vs SE group), glucose oxidation(P<0.001 vs FC and P<0.05 vs SE group), whereas it increased lipid oxidation(P<0.05 in comparison with FC group). Exercise alone has no in fluence on 4 groups.

Conclusions These findings suggest that 4 weeks aerobic exercise can regulate F13A reduce RER in mice, with a decrease of glucose oxidation and an increase of lipid oxidation in vivo.
PO-108 The relationship between Obesity and Sleep behavior in adolescents
Authors: Zou Xiaoyu , Li Chunyan
Published: October 2018

Objective With the increasing detection rate of overweight and obesity in adolescents, many kinds of fat-related hazards affect the quality of life. This paper aims to study the relationship between overweight and obesity and sleep behavior in adolescents. To provide theoretical basis for adolescent obesity intervention policy according to the relevant links.

Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on 156 (84 males, 72 females) aged 12 to 18 years old to collect information on their basic physical condition and sleep related behaviors, and the questionnaire was collected on the spot. Subjects were divided into three groups according to BMI: normal, overweight and obese. The gender and BMI groups were analyzed and compared.

Results  (1) Obesity The rate of obesity in boys was higher than that in girls , (P < 0. 05). (2). The rate of staying up late during workday (71.7%) and early rising (83.0%) in obese group was higher than that in girls (83.0%). In obese group, the sleeping time was longer (25.16 ±6.3min) and had no siesta behavior (30.8%). In normal group, 15-30min (38.6%), (P < 0.05). (3) BMI (29.86 ±7.53) in boys was significantly higher than that in girls (26.85 ±5.50), (), while in normal group (38.6%), (P < 0.05). (3), BMI in boys (29.86 ±7.53) was significantly higher than that in girls (26.85 ±5.50), ( P < 0.05). Male students with no siesta behavior and nap time in 15-30 minutes accounted for more (25. 5%), while female students had more lunch break time between 30 and 60 minutes (36.9%). (4). Male students' nap time and sleep duration were negatively correlated with BMI , (P < 0. 05). BMI was proportional to nap time and sleep time, but was inversely proportional to sleep time , (P < 0. 05).

Conclusions Sleep behavior of adolescent boys and girls may have an effect on body weight status. Staying up late, lack of sleep and lack of lunch time will aggravate obesity and reduce sleep barrier. In addition, shortening sleep time can improve overweight and obesity status.
PO-117 To compare the impact of running and walking on physical health
Authors: Hua Xianfeng
Published: October 2018

Objective Under the natural and comfortable condition of the private human body, explore which of the running and walking is more conducive to the physical health of the human body.

Methods Among the sports crowd of the NanMingRiver Rubber Exercise Road in Guiyang City, select 20 people who have walking exercise habits and who can take the running test under the age of 60 as group A and select 20 people who have running exercise habits and who can take the walking test under the age of 60 as group B. Inclusion criteria for the exercise habits is “Exercise at least 3 times a week for more than 30 minutes and for more than one year.”

(1) Experimental method: Two groups of subjects with different exercise modes adopted the exercise mode of the corresponding group. Under the condition that other environmental conditions were unchanged, the health benefits of different exercise methods in the same group were compared before and after the experiment. The time of experiment lasts three months. The intensity of walking exercise is the intensity that the athlete feels natural and comfortable. The intensity of running exercise is the intensity that the athlete feels natural and comfortable. Before and after the experiment，the test contents of the two group subjects included height, weight, BMI, grip strength, reaction time, closed-eyes standing on a leg, sitting body flexion, step test, lung capacity, lung capacity index of body mass.

(2) Literature and Information method: Through the retrieval and review of relevant literatures on sports and physical health at home and abroad, this paper provides theoretical references and methodological basis for this research.

(3) Data analysis method: Paired sample t-test was used to analyze the changes of constitution of the two groups experimental people before and after the exercise modes.

Results After a 3-month walking in group A, the step test, lung capacity, and lung capacity index of body mass were higher than before, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The grip strength, reaction time, closed-eyes standing on a leg decreased compared with prior exercise. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); body mass, body mass index (BMI), and sitting body flexion were higher than before, but the difference was not statistically significant.

After three months of walking exercise in group B, the step test, lung capacity, lung capacity index of body mass, and grip strength decreased compared with the previous exercise, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01); body mass , body mass index (BMI), reaction time, the closed-eye standing on one foot was lower than before, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The anterior flexion of the sitting body decreased, but the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions In comfortable, natural conditions, running is more conducive to physical fitness than walking, and running is a more effective way to exercise.
PO-226 Effect of Trunk Resistance Vest on Running Economy at Different Speed in Male Collegiate Students
Authors: Wang Kaixuan , Li Bo , Li Xiaotian , Wang Xinxin , Ge Liankai , Jin Lu , Miu Lv , Li Yongming
Published: October 2018

Objective Wearable resistance training is a common method ultilzed by athletic and fitness population during running. This method is demonstrated to have multiple athletic and health benefits despite of its potential risk for running technique. Running economy is a measure for running technique, which is defined as the oxygen uptake (VO2) at a given sub-maximal speed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of wearable resistance on running economy at different running speed in male collegiate students.

Methods 18 male collegiate students from Shanghai University of Sports (age: 22.4±2.4yrs, height: 177.4±7.5cm, body mass: 69.3±8.2kg, training experience: 4.6±1.6yrs, body fat: 13.3±4.7%) volunteered to perform one two four-stage incremental tests (8km/h, 10km/h, 12km/h, 14km/h) with and without a trunk resistance vest (10% of individual body mass). The duration of each stage was 5 min, and intermittent per stage was 1 min. A portable spirometric system (K4b2, Cosmed, Italy) was utilized to measure the ventilator and heart rate index during the test. The running economy was calculated as the averaged VO2 in the last minute of each stage. The capillary blood was collected from the earlobe after each stage IBM SPSS Statistics 19（SPSS Statistics 19, IBM Corporation, USA）was used to carry out a one-way repeated measurement ANOVA analysis on the physiological results at different speeds, and Paired-T test was to statistical analysis the normal and trunk vest test at the same speed. P<0.05 was set as the significant level.

Results Along with the increase of speed, VO2, heart rate, blood lactate concentration and RPE was increased significantly (P<0.05, except  12km/h and 14km/h without vest, and 8km/h and 10km/h with vest). The running economy was slightly lower in running with vest at each running speed compared with without vest (P>0.05). However, the blood lactic concentration with vest was higher than that without vest at all speed, with the difference significant at 14km/h(9.3±2.9 vs. 7.6±2.2mM, P>0.05). The RPE was significant higher with vest than without vest at each speed (P<0.05, except at 8km/h).

Conclusions Running with trunk resistance vest of 10% body mass is characterized with slightly better economy, although it induces a significant higher  blood lactic concentration and RPE.
PO-230 Treadmill Running Ameliorates Alcohol-Induced Malfunctioning of Intra- and Extra-Mitochondrial Enzymes in Liver of Aged Rats
Authors: Korivi Mallikarjuna , Liu Yubo , Ye Weibing , Zhang Yong , Kesireddy Sathyavelu Reddy
Published: October 2018

Objective Alcohol consumption particularly at old age can cause severe liver damage through malfunctioning of vital organelles, including mitochondria. Exercise is known to improve the cellular functions against alcohol-induced adverse effects and oxidative stress. Nevertheless, whether exercise can promote mitochondrial function in old alcohol-fed rats remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of exercise training on intra- and extra-mitochondrial enzyme activities in alcohol/ethanol treated rats.

Methods  Young (3-month, n=24) and old (18-month, n=24) Wistar albino rats were equally divided into control, exercise, ethanol and combination of exercise plus ethanol treated groups. Following treadmill exercise (23 m/min, 30 min/day 5-day/wk) and ethanol (2 g/kg b.w.) treatment for 2 months, cytosol and mitochondrial enzyme activities, triglycerides and phospholipids were estimated in the liver of young and old rats.

Results We found ethanol intoxication significantly decreased (P<0.01) the hepatic intra- and extra-mitochondrial enzyme activities, including glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) in both young and old rats.  However, exercise training considerably reversed the loss of these enzyme activities, and further maintained above control levels in respective age groups. Restoration of mitochondrial marker enzymes (SDH and GDH) with exercise against ethanol-loss was prominent in young compared to old rats, which indicates old rats are prone to alcohol-induced adverse effects. Alcohol-induced elevated LDH levels in both ages were slightly decreased by exercise plus ethanol treatment. We further noticed that amplified triglycerides and phospholipids were substantially decreased following treadmill exercise in both age groups. Decreased triglycerides level with exercise was prominent in young alcohol-fed rats than that of old.

Conclusions Our results imply that 2-month treadmill exercise training effectively ameliorated the ruined cytosol and mitochondrial enzyme activities in young and old ethanol-fed rats. Improved mitochondrial enzymes and decreased triglycerides with exercise training may protect the alcohol-induced liver damage.
PO-234 Research progress of exercise therapy on type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Shang Huayu , Ke Zhifei , Xia Zhi
Published: October 2018

Objective  Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease with a clear genetic basis, and early islet cell function appears clearly in recession or even lost. Insulin deficiency allows patients to rely on exogenous insulin for life, and long-term complications seriously affect quality of life and shorten life expectancy. 

Methods This paper retrieves 1998-2018 years' literatures on "Sports" and "type 1 diabetes" through the PubMed database, and collate and analyze the progress of the research and induction of type 1 diabetes exercise therapy.

Results Numerous studies have shown that regular physical exercise can reduce the daily insulin dose in patients with T1DM.At the same time, they should master the contraindications in order to avoid the risks of movement. Currently a recommendation for all T1DM patients is engaging in at least 150 min/week of moderate to vigorous intensity aerobic exercise, sustainability or HIIT, combined with resistance training such as resistance machines and bands, as well as other stretching and balance exercises such as yoga, tai chi, 3 to 7 times per week which is depended on the physical condition of patients and exercise intensity, and resistance training can be performed on nonconsecutive days.

Conclusions So patients need to be clear how to safely increase their physical activity, and incorporate more independent physical activity into daily life.
PO-237 MSTN gene polymorphism influence on WBV-induced changes on body composition in Chinese postmenopausal women
Authors: Chen Xiaohong , Hu Yang
Published: October 2018

Objective To explore the association between MSTN rs3791783 polymorphism and body composition response to 3-month whole body vibration (WBV) intervention in postmenopausal women and to probe into the molecular regulatory mechanisms behind it.

Methods A total of 90 postmenopausal women participated in the study, and 30 of them served as non-trained control group, 60 of them trained on a vibration platform for 3 months. Body composition included FM% (percentage of fat mass) and LM% were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the baseline and 3 months. The rs3791783 polymorphism was genotyped by PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism, and association analysis with the body composition changes induced-by WBV training was performed. The regulatory mechanisms of the rs3791783 polymorphism were explored through the dual-luciferase reporter assay.

Results  In the WBV group, LM% significant increased through 3-month WBV training (60.87±5.35, 61.63±5.05, P<0.05), meanwhile, FM% significant decreased (35.65±5.47, 34.86±5.16, P<0.05). In the CON group, no significant difference within group was detected in LM% and FM%, and significant group by time interactions were found in LM% and FM% (P <0.05). The subjects with an AA allele had significantly greater increase in LM% (60.27±5.28, 61.42±4.93, P<0.01) and decreases in FM% (36.35±5.35, 35.18±4.99, P<0.01) than those with GA allele (61.97±5.72, 62.13±5.59, P>0.05; 34.38±5.90, 34.19±5.79, P>0.05). The relative luciferase activity of the reporter gene in recombinant vector carrying the A allele was 3.302±1.121, markedly higher than that in recombinant vector carrying the G allele (1.760±0.920, p<0.05).

Conclusions Three-month WBV training is beneficial for body composition among postmenopausal women and the individual with AA genotype of the rs3791783 polymorphism were more sensitive to WBV-induced body composition changes. The A allele can improve reporter gene expression level, indicating the effects of rs3791783 on gene expression.
PO-239 Normal signal transduction pathways of rat habitual endurance exercise at different intensities
Authors: Liu Timon Cheng-Yi , Chen Jing-Gang , Duan Rui , Zhang Quan-Guang
Published: October 2018

Objective A signal transduction pathway is always signal-specific, but it becomes special in exercise physiology, especially for habitual exercise training. In this paper, the normal signal transduction pathways (NPs) of habitual endurance exercise of Sprague-Dawly (SD) rats at different intensities were studied in terms of self-similar algorithm .

Methods  1. SD rats were randomly divided into a control group with no exercise (Cont), a low-intensity exercise group (LI) at 15 m/min for 60 min, a medium-intensity exercise group (MI) at 25 m/min for 40 min, and a high-intensity exercise group (HI) 35 m/min for 30 min. The the treadmill exercise began at 10 m/min for 10 min. The speed and time increased by 5 m/min and by 5 min respectively after every two days until the intensity was OK for LI, MI and HI groups. All rats in the exercise groups were trained for eight weeks. The muscle was collected two hours after the last training. The 20 parameters, the expression of PGC-1α, PI3K, AMPK, p38MAPK, SIRT1, IGF-1, Akt, mTOR, TFAM, NRF1 and NRF2 and the level of T, CS, SDH, β-HAD, MDH, HK, PK, LDH and HSL, were assessed. 2. The 20 dimension data sets were integratedly analyzed with self-similar algorithm.

Results 1. The first-order self-similarity held for the 20 dimension data sets between MI and HI groups. 2. There was one biomarker, PGC-1α, between Cont and LI groups with respect to HI group which parameters were used to be dimensionless for Cont and LI groups. 3. There were two biomarkers, PGC-1α and PI3K, between LI and MI or HI groups with respect cont group.

Conclusions The NP of LI group may be PGC-1α pathway, and the NPs of MI or HI group may be PGC-1α and PI3K pathways.
PO-249 Does High Serum MG53 Level Associates with Better Cardiorespiratory Function?
Authors: Han Qi , Shao Jing , Ren Yingbin , Liu Naixi , Zhou Lili , Xu Baohua , Muqing Yi
Published: October 2018

Objective To investigate the association between the endogenous human serum MG53 level and cardio-respiratory function in response to graded exercise test (GXT).

Methods Sixteen healthy male volunteers (23.1±2.9yrs, 169.5±6.0cm in height, 63.2±5.9kg in weight, 12.2±3.1% in %FAT, 53.2±5.4ml/min/kg in VO2max) fully acknowledged and signed informed consent and participated in this study. Fasting blood samples were drawn before each VO2max test, serum MG53 was measured by ELISA kits (LifeSpan, USA). Two VO2max tests were performed on each of these sixteen participants with cycle ergometer, and they had a 7 weeks regular physical training (all individuals performed a same routine summer camp exercise training) between the two tests. Difference between groups was determined by UNIANOVA and the correlation coefficient (r) between the cardiorespiratory parameters and serum MG53 value was determined by pearson test.

Results Results were divided into 3 groups according to serum MG53 levels, they are Low serum MG53 (n=5, 0.60±0.45 ng/ml) group (L), Medium serum MG53 (n=6, 2.08±0.75 ng/ml) group (M) and High serum MG53 (n=4, 4.23±1.80 ng/ml) group (H). There is no significant difference between M and L when comparing end tidal gas component. However, we found M had higher red blood cell count (RBC) than L (4.98±0.22 vs 4.65±0.31 *1012/L, p<0.01), higher hemoglobin (Hb) than L (155.3±7.6 vs 141. 5±8.1 g/L, p<0.01), and higher hematocrit (HCT) than L (46.6±2.1 vs 43.1±2.6 %, p<0.01). Moreover, we found that H had higher ventilation threshold (VT) than L (47.5±6.5 vs 38.6±3.9 ml/min/kg, p<0.01) and M (47.5±6.5 vs 42.5±2.8 ml/min/kg, p<0.05). Similarly, we found H had higher VO2max than L (59.6±4.7 vs 51.6±6.7 ml/min/kg, p<0.05), higher workload at VT than L (13.2±3.7 vs 11.1±1.7 Watts, p<0.05), higher RBC than L (5.20±0.18 vs 4.65±0.31 *1012/L, p<0.01), higher Hb than L (158.8±4.2 vs 141. 5±8.1 g/L, p<0.01), and higher HCT than L (47.4±1.5 vs 43.1±2.6 %, p<0.01 ). Correlation analysis demonstrated that VO2max(r=0.43, p<0.05), workload at VT (r=0.41, p<0.05), RBC (r=0.53, p<0.01), Hb (r=0.57, p<0.01) and HCT (r=0.47, p<0.01) are positively correlated with Serum MG53.

Conclusions It suggested that human serum MG53 level might be positively correlated with cardiorespiratory parameters that have been tested (e.g. VO2max, workload at VT, RBC, HCT and Hb).
PO-288 Research on Norm Construction and Evaluating Levels of 20-m Running in Preschool Children
Authors: Li Chuikun , Li Xue , Yuan Qiongjia , Zhao Zheng , Li Lan , Tang Lin
Published: October 2018

Objective The study tested young children's 20-m running in Chengdu, analyzed of the characteristics of change in age and gender, to construct the norm and evaluation system of the 20-m running of young children and provide the basis for assessing children's sports ability and physical fitness. The results can used as one of the children's physical fitness evaluation content.

Methods The stratified random sampling method was used to select kindergarten children in from 25 kindergartens in a district of Chengdu, and totally, 3089 children of 3-6 years old were tested．The best scores by two trials were used as the 20-m running performance.

Results With the growth of the age, young children's 20 m running is gradually increased. There are significant differences in the mean values of boys and girls aged 3, 4, 5 and 6 (F = 228.696, F = 366.477, P < 0.01). Compared with boys and girls of the same age group, boys are superior to girls, and there is no significant difference between boys and girls aged 6 (F = 0.879, P > 0.05). The differences in other groups were statistically significant (F=0.138, F=0.204, F=0.133, P < 0.01). The percentile 10, 25, 50, 75, 90 values of the 20 m running of young children were recorded, respectively, and according to the statistical percentile method to divide the evaluation grade standards, the test results of the 10th, 25th, 75th and 90th percentage site test results were selected to develop the five-level rating system of children's 20 m running.

Conclusions  With the growth of the age, young children's 20 m running is gradually increased, and there are significant differences between groups. It is suggested that the flexibility of nervous processes, the coordination of the body, the flexibility of joints and muscles, and the strength and endurance of muscles are gradually enhanced in children. Constructed the norm and five-grade evaluation system of preschool children's 20 m running, and provided the basis for formulating the grade standard of preschool children's physique evaluation in the future.
Reconfiguring power in Portuguese higher education
Authors: Magalhães António , Veiga Amelia , Videira Pedro
Published: October 2018

This paper aims to analyse the shift in the internal power balance between managerial and academic self-governance as reflected in the perceptions of teaching and non-teaching staff on the tendencies, decision-making processes and actor’s roles in these processes. The empirical data used in this paper were gathered on the basis of an on-line survey, distributed throughout 2014 and 2015 in all Portuguese higher education institutions. Responses were interpreted taking into account the influence of governance narratives on the development of boardism, i.e., a decrease of academic self-governance reflecting the decline of the power of teaching staff in HEIs’ governance; an increase of managerial governance as reflected in the reinforcement of hierarchies and organisational top-down decision-making; and the influence of external stakeholders. The analysis contributes to dig into the complexity of the governance arrangements challenging the prevailing influence of the NPM governance narrative while underlining the internal dynamics of HEIs, where Portuguese teaching staff continue to play a key role.
Dziecko chłopskie w czasie profanum – konteksty edukacyjne (średniowiecze – epoka nowożytna)
Authors: Kabacińska-Łuczak Katarzyna , Ratajczak Krzysztof
Published: October 2018

The paper discusses the issue of functioning of the rural child during the time of the profanum, within the period from the late Middle Ages till the 19th century. The purpose of this text is to attempt to answer the questions: how did peasant children participate in the time of the profanum – understood as a time of non-celebration, and thus working time resulting from the rhythm of nature and the calendar of fieldwork, and the time of play? What did rural children learn during that time? What social and cultural skills did they acquire? The analysis of iconographic, memoir and literary sources serves the historical and pedagogical interpretation.