bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early gastric mixed neuroendocrine‐non‐neuroendocrine neoplasm with early poor prognosis after endoscopic submucosal dissection: A case report
Authors: Tomita Yusuke , Seki Hideyuki , Matsuzono Emi , Kobayashi Yoshimitsu , Sogabe Susumu , Sugai Nozomu , Fujita Jun , Suzuki Akira
Published: September 2021

Early gastric mixed neuroendocrine‐non‐neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs) are rare diseases, with no data on their incidence and prognosis. We report the case of intramucosal gastric MiNENs for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) treatment. An 80‐year‐old male underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy for screening and was suspected of early gastric cancer type 0‐IIa+IIc on the lesser curvature of the antrum, for which ESD treatment was performed. Histopathologically, the diagnosis was MiNENs. Synaptophysin‐positive adenoductal structures were observed in the adenocarcinoma component, suggesting that adenocarcinoma had dedifferentiated into neuroendocrine carcinoma. The tumor was located within the mucosal layer, with lympho‐vascular invasion. The patient was kept under observation; however, 6 months after the ESD, computed tomography scan revealed prominent ascites, enlarged lymph nodes, and liver metastases, and MiNENs were suspected to have poor prognosis. If MiNENs diagnosis is made preoperatively or postoperatively, surgical resection may be considered as treatment regardless of the tumor depth or lympho‐vascular invasion.
Commercially available novel device to prevent the diffusion of droplets from subjects undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy: A pilot study with its prototype
Authors: Endo Hiroyuki , Koike Tomoyuki , Obara Noriyuki , Hatta Waku , Masamune Atsushi
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Under the current pandemic situation of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), we have newly developed a commercially available device named Endomask to prevent the diffusion of droplets from subjects undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Herein, we evaluate the efficacy and safety of the device, and also evaluate the stress of the device on the operators and the subjects of EGD.

Methods

The efficacy of the device was evaluated using an experimental model that simulated the environment of EGD. The safety of the device was evaluated clinically by means of measuring the oxygen saturation and the expiratory carbonic dioxide partial pressure of subjects with our device during EGD. The stress of the device on the operability of the endoscopists and the respiration of the subjects were evaluated using questionnaires.

Results

In the experiments with Endomask, the percentage of the area with simulated droplets was significantly reduced compared to that without our device (median, 0.24% vs. 6.96%, p = 0.009). The saturation of oxygen and the expiratory carbonic dioxide partial pressure of subjects with the device did not show significant change at any recording times. Neither the operators nor the subjects felt serious stress from examination with the device.

Conclusions

Endomask could remarkably and safely prevent the diffusion of droplets without serious stress. Endomask is expected to contribute to a reduction of the infectious risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 in endoscopy units during COVID‐19 pandemic.
Leadership‐evaluation partnership: Infusing systems principles and complexity concepts for a transformational alliance
Authors: Richardson Ruth A. , Patton Michael Q.
Published: September 2021

The Global Alliance for the Future of Food provides a case exemplar of incorporating systems thinking, complexity understandings, and developmental evaluation into systems transformation work. This transformational engagement is not just rhetoric but is deeply embedded as the focus of the Global Alliance's ongoing work. It is, importantly, predicated on in‐depth and long‐term cocreation and collaboration between alliance leadership and an independent external evaluator. This chapter will tell the story of how the Global Alliance incorporated systems thinking, complexity understandings, and principles‐focused developmental evaluation into systems transformation work through the reflective practice of the coauthors, Ruth Richardson, the Global Alliance Executive Director, and Michael Quinn Patton, the developmental evaluation consultant to the Global Alliance.
Using systems methods to elicit complex program theories
Authors: Reeders Daniel , Brown Graham
Published: September 2021

Contextual interventions pose unique challenges for implementation studies and evaluation research. By contextual, we mean programs that are tightly integrated with the social systems they are seeking to influence or transform. This integration challenges foundational assumptions of intervention science and necessitates the development of innovative approaches to monitoring and evaluation. The W3 (‘What Works and Why’) project piloted the use of complex systems theory and methods (CSTM) to develop program theories for peer and community‐led (PCL) programs in HIV and viral hepatitis prevention and health promotion. As a class, these programs have struggled to articulate and theorize their approach to justify their funding and to build an evidence base. CSTM allowed us to articulate detailed program theories based on ‘mental models’ held by program staff and stakeholders. This chapter describes our reflection and adaptation experience as we piloted the CSTM approach in─and as─social research.
Adenoma and colorectal cancer risks in Lynch syndrome, Lynch‐like syndrome and familial colorectal cancer type X
Authors: Bucksch Karolin , Zachariae Silke , Ahadova Aysel , Aretz Stefan , Büttner Reinhard , Görgens Heike , Holinski‐Feder Elke , Hüneburg Robert , Kloor Matthias , von Knebel Doeberitz Magnus , Ladigan‐Badura Swetlana , Moeslein Gabriela , Morak Monika , Nattermann Jacob , Nguyen Huu Phuc , Perne Claudia , Redler Silke , Schmetz Ariane , Steinke‐Lange Verena , Surowy Harald , Vangala Deepak B. , Weitz Jürgen , Loeffler Markus , Engel Christoph ,   German Consortium for Familial Intestinal Cancer
Published: September 2021

Lynch syndrome (LS), Lynch‐like syndrome (LLS) and familial colorectal cancer type X (FCCX) are different entities of familial cancer predisposition leading to an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this prospective study was to characterise and to compare the risks for adenoma and CRC in these three risk groups. Data was taken from the registry of the German Consortium for Familial Intestinal Cancer. Patients were prospectively followed up in an intensified colonoscopic surveillance programme that included annual examinations. Cumulative risks for adenoma and CRC were calculated separately for LS, LLS and FCCX, and then for males and females. Multivariate Cox regression was used to analyse the independent contributions of risk group, mismatch repair gene (within LS), sex and previous adenoma. The study population comprised 1448 individuals (103 FCCX, 481 LLS and 864 LS). The risks were similar for colorectal adenomas, but different for first and metachronous CRC between the three risk groups. CRC risk was highest in LS, followed by LLS and lowest in FCCX. Male sex and a prevalent adenoma in the index colonoscopy were associated with a higher risk for incident adenoma and CRC. In patients with LS, CRC risks were particularly higher in female MSH2 than MLH1 carriers. Our study may support the development of risk‐adapted surveillance policies in LS, LLS and FCCX.
Revisiting Sweden's comprehensive school reform: Effects on education and earnings
Authors: Fischer Martin , Heckley Gawain , Karlsson Martin , Nilsson Therese
Published: September 2021

We revisit a Swedish comprehensive school reform first evaluated by Meghir and Palme (2005). This reform increased years of schooling and abolished tracking. We extend the original analysis to the full population and introduce an improved education measure. Our results confirm the original overall finding of small average earnings effects. However, we find considerably larger increases in educational attainment and no evidence of decreased labor earnings for students with high‐educated fathers. Our analysis provides two new important insights: First, we find no evidence that de‐tracking had differential earnings effects across socioeconomic groups. Second, previous instrumental variable (IV) estimates using similar administrative education data are substantially upward biased.
Surface plasmon resonance improved photocatalytic activity of Au/TiO2 nanocomposite under visible light for degradation of pollutants
Authors: Kholikov Bobur , Hussain Jamil , Hayat Salman , Zeng Hongjuan
Published: September 2021

The development of nonprecious and highly efficient photocatalyst by a green technique is highly desirable for environmental remediation. Herein, gold nanoparticles (Au Nps) have been successfully loading on the nanoparticle TiO2 surface by a deposition‐precipitation (DP) method. The optimized amount of 3Au/TiO2 nanocomposite used for the degradation of toxic pollutant shows 36‐time photo‐activity improvement compared to the pure TiO2. According to the experimental results, the study confirmed that the prepared Au/TiO2 nanocomposite material has excellent visible light photo‐activity. This is due to the modification of Au surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and its catalytic function which leads to the expansion of visible light response, and the transfer of electrons from SPR‐Au to TiO2 enhances the charge separation nanocomposite. In addition, the as‐prepared nanocomposite exhibits best stability; even after five cycles, no serious deactivation was observed. Besides, the main active species involved during photocatalytic degradation were confirmed through trapping experiment that super oxide radicals are the leading species for the 2,4‐DCP degradation. It is expected that this work would provide a reasonable path to perceptibly improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2‐based photocatalyst for the environmental remediation.
The role of type I interferon in the treatment of COVID‐19
Authors: Sodeifian Fatemeh , Nikfarjam Mahsa , Kian Naghmeh , Mohamed Kawthar , Rezaei Nima
Published: September 2021

Although significant research has been done to find effective drugs against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), no definite effective drug exists. Thus, research has now shifted towards immunomodulatory agents other than antivirals. In this review, we aim to describe the latest findings on the role of type I interferon (IFN)‐mediated innate antiviral response against SARS‐CoV‐2 and discuss the use of IFNs as a medication for COVID‐19. A growing body of evidence has indicated a promoting active but delayed IFNs response to SARS‐CoV‐2 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in infected bronchial epithelial cells. Studies have demonstrated that IFNs' administration before the viral peak and the inflammatory phase of disease could offer a highly protective effect. However, IFNs' treatment during the inflammatory and severe stages of the disease causes immunopathology and long‐lasting harm for patients. Therefore, it is critical to note the best time window for IFNs' administration. Further investigation of the clinical effectiveness of interferon for patients with mild to severe COVID‐19 and its optimal timing and route of administration can be beneficial in finding a safe and effective antiviral therapy for the COVID‐19 disease.
Three dimensional printing of a low‐cost middle‐ear training model for surgical management of otosclerosis
Authors: Razavi Christopher , Galaiya Deepa , Vafaee Seena , Yin Rui , Carey John P. , Taylor Russell H. , Creighton Francis X.
Published: September 2021

Background

Surgical management of otosclerosis is technically challenging with studies demonstrating that outcomes are commensurate with surgical experience. Moreover, experts apply less force on the ossicular chain during prosthesis placement than their novice counterparts. Given the predicted decreasing patient pool and the rising cost of human temporal bone specimens it has become more challenging for trainees to receive adequate intraoperative or laboratory‐based experience in this procedure. As such, there is a need for a low‐cost training model for the procedure. Here we describe such a model.

Methods

A surgical model of the middle ear was designed using computer aided design (CAD) software. The model consists of four components, the superior three dimensional (3D)‐printed component representing the external auditory canal, a 90° torsion spring representing the incus, a 3D‐printed base with a stapedotomy underlying the torsion spring, and a 3D‐printed phone holder to facilitate video‐recording of trials and subsequent calculation of the force applied on the modeled incus. Force applied on the incus is calculated based on Hooke's Law from post‐trial computer‐vision analysis of recorded video following experimental determination of the spring constant of the modeled incus.

Results

The described model was manufactured with a total cost of $56.50. The spring constant was experimentally determined to be 97.0 mN mm/deg, resulting in an ability to detect force applied to the modeled incus across a range of 1.2 to 5200 mN.

Conclusions

We have created a low‐cost middle‐ear training model with measurable objective performance outcomes. The range of detectable force exceeds expected values for the task.

Level of Evidence: IV.
First evidence of rock wall permafrost in the Pyrenees (Vignemale peak, 3,298 m a.s.l., 42°46′16″N/0°08′33″W)
Authors: Rico Ibai , Magnin Florence , López Moreno Juan Ignacio , Serrano Enrique , Alonso‐González Esteban , Revuelto Jesús , Hughes‐Allen Lara , Gómez‐Lende Manuel
Published: September 2021

Permafrost is a relevant component of the Pyrenean high mountains, triggering a wide range of geomorphological cryogenic processes. Although in the past decades there has been an increase in frozen ground studies in the Pyrenees, there are no specific studies about rock wall permafrost, its presence, distribution, thermal regime, or historical evolution. This work combines measured rock surface temperatures (RSTs, from August 2013 to April 2016) along an elevation profile (four sites) on the north facing the rock wall of the Vignemale peak (3,298 m a.s.l., 42°46′16″N/0°08′33″W) and temperature modeling (CryoGRID2) to determine the presence of permafrost and to analyze its evolution since the mid‐20th century. Simulations are run with various RST forcings and bedrock properties to account for forcing data uncertainty and varying degrees of rock fracturing. Results reveal that warm permafrost may have existed down to 2,600 m a.s.l. until the early 1980s and that warm permafrost is currently found at ~2,800 m a.s.l. and up to 3,000 m a.s.l. Cold (<−2°C) permafrost may exist above 3,100–3,200 m a.s.l. Systematic investigations on rock wall permafrost must be conducted to refine those results in the Pyrenees. The elevation shift in warm permafrost suggests an imminent disappearance of permafrost in the Vignemale peak.
Key role of juvenile hormone in controlling reproductive diapause in females of the Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis
Authors: Gao Qiao , Li Bei , Tian Zhong , De Loof Arnold , Wang Jia‐Lu , Wang Xiao‐Ping , Liu Wen
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

The Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis is an important predator of several agricultural pests, including aphids and whiteflies, and thus can contribute to pest management. Commercial viability as a pest control method requires that the beetle can be mass‐reared, and that workable conditions for extended shelf‐life can be guaranteed. One of the features of Harmonia's life cycle is that it enters diapause in the adult stage when the length of the photophase starts shortening in late summer. Reduction of juvenile hormone (JH) titer has been demonstrated to be the common endocrine mechanism inducing reproductive diapause in insects. However, whether H. axyridis enters diapause dependent on JH shutdown and how the JH level is regulated before diapause remains unknown.

RESULTS

Like in other insects, the absence of JH triggers the induction and maintenance of reproductive diapause in H. axyridis, indicated by JH measurements and the knockdown of an intracellular JH receptor methoprene‐tolerant (Met). Methoprene, a JH analog, significantly reversed diapause into reproduction via Met. Combined with RNA‐sequencing and RNA interference, we also demonstrated that JH biosynthesis rather than the JH degradation pathway determines the reduction of JH titer in diapausing females.

CONCLUSION

Our results reveal the vital role of JH in regulating reproductive diapause in female H. axyridis. Harmonia axyridis diapause could thus be manipulated by targeting JH production and JH signaling. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Gas Sensors Based on Pseudohexagonal Phase of Gallium Oxide
Authors: Almaev Aleksei , Nikolaev Vladimir , Butenko Pavel , Stepanov Sergey , Pechnikov Aleksei , Yakovlev Nikita , Sinyugin Igor , Shapenkov Sevastian , Scheglov Mikhail
Published: September 2021

The electrical conductivity of pseudohexagonal ε(κ)‐Ga2O3 films under different ambient gases (H2, NO2, O2, and CO) is studied in a range of temperatures from 400 to 550 °C. The exposure of ε(κ)‐Ga2O3 to reducing gases such as H2 and CO results in a reversible increase in current and conductance. The exposure to the oxidizing gases such as NO2 and O2 has the opposite effect. The maximum response to reducing gases (H2 and CO) is observed at 500 °C and to oxidizing gases at 550 and 450 °C for NO2 and O2, respectively. The highest sensitivity to H2 is achieved at low applied voltages (≤7.9 V). In contrast, the highest sensitivity to NO2 is observed at high applied voltages. The response and recovery times and temporal drift of ε(κ)‐Ga2O3 characteristics under different ambient are estimated. Polycrystalline ε(κ)‐Ga2O3 exhibits the semiconducting mechanism of electron transport at high temperatures. A qualitative model of the gas‐sensing effect based on the modulation of electron concentration near the surface region of ε(κ)‐Ga2O3 due to the chemisorption of gas molecules is described. Tin doping of ε(κ)‐Ga2O3 increases the response to H2 at the temperature range from 25 to 550 °C.
Weak Electron Irradiation Suppresses the Anomalous Magnetization of N‐Doped Diamond Crystals
Authors: Setzer Annette , Esquinazi Pablo D. , Daikos Olesya , Scherzer Tom , Pöppl Andreas , Staacke Robert , Lühmann Tobias , Pezzagna Sebastien , Knolle Wolfgang , Buga Sergei , Abel Bernd , Meijer Jan
Published: September 2021

Several diamond bulk crystals with a concentration of electrically neutral single substitutional nitrogen atoms of ≲80 ppm, the so‐called C or P1 centers, are irradiated with electrons at 10 MeV energy and low fluence. The results show a complete suppression of the irreversible behavior in field and temperature of the magnetization below 30 K, after a decrease in ≲40 ppm in the concentration of C centers produced by the electron irradiation. This result indicates that magnetic C centers are at the origin of the large hysteretic behavior found recently in nitrogen‐doped diamond crystals. This is remarkable because of the relatively low density of C centers, stressing the extraordinary role of the C centers in triggering those phenomena in diamond at relatively high temperatures. After annealing the samples at high temperatures in vacuum, the hysteretic behavior is partially recovered.
On developing robust adaptive approaches for monitoring location of non‐normal environments
Authors: Nazir Hafiz Zafar , Hussain Tahir , Abbas Zameer , Akhtar Noureen , Abid Muhammad , Riaz Muhammad
Published: September 2021

The assumption of normally distributed data is emerged with several statistical inferences as well as in statistical process control. But various real practices on data in different fields like Biological sciences, health, production processes, and manufacturing industries exhibit non‐normal behavior. The current study is concerned with developing robust adaptive exponentially weighted moving average (AEWMA) control charts to monitor the location of non‐normal environments. In the current study, four estimators are considered and listed as Mean (, Mid‐range (), Median (and Trimean () for observing process target. Robust proposals of the said schemes are scrutinized towards symmetric non‐normal (t and Laplace) and skewed (Log‐normal and Gamma) environments. The average of run‐length and standard deviation of run‐length are taken as performance evaluation measures. Additionally, some percentile points of distribution run length are also reported for a better understanding of run‐length distribution. Corrected design constants of the proposed charts are also provided for mentioned distributions. Implementation of the proposed schemes is illustrated by providing examples related to real practice.
Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids, Esters, and Amides from 1,1‐Dibromoalkenes via Oxidation of Alkynyl Boronate Intermediates
Authors: Tao Lei , Yang Wen , Zhao Wanxiang
Published: September 2021

An efficient and practical method for the synthesis of carboxylic acids, esters, and amides from 1,1‐dibromoalkenes has been developed. The reactions proceed through a key process, the C(sp)−B bond oxidation of alkynyl boronate intermediates with Oxone. This protocol features broad substrate scope, good efficiency, and good functional group compatibility. Moreover, the synthetic practicability was demonstrated by easy gram‐scale preparation and the synthesis of drug molecules.
Synthesis, Characterization and Spectroscopic Investigation of Novel Tetra‐Iron(III) Complexes and D‐Glucose under Redox Conditions
Authors: Stewart Christopher , Mamori Myles , Arman Hadi , Musie Ghezai T.
Published: September 2021

In order to investigate sugar‐metal interactions, we synthesized and fully characterized three iron(III) complexes (K4[1]⋅25H2O⋅(CH3)2CO, K2[2]⋅CH3OH⋅4H2O and K2[3]⋅CH3OK⋅5CH3OH) bearing a dinucleating ligand H5ccdp (H5ccdp=N,N′‐bis[2‐carboxybenzomethyl]‐N,N′‐bis[carboxymethyl]‐1,3‐diaminopropan‐2‐ol). Whereas K4[1]⋅25H2O⋅(CH3)2CO was soluble in water, K2[2]⋅CH3OH⋅4H2O and K2[3]⋅CH3OK⋅5CH3OH were soluble only in methanol. In aqueous alkaline media, spectroscopic investigations revealed that K4[1]⋅25H2O⋅(CH3)2CO undergoes coordination and redox activities toward D‐glucose. No such activities were observed when the complexes were investigated with either Mannose, Xylose, methyl β‐D‐glucopyranoside or methyl α‐D‐glucopyranoside under the same experimental conditions. Similar investigations using K2[2]⋅CH3OH⋅4H2O and K2[3]⋅CH3OK⋅5CH3OH complexes in methanol showed neither substrate binding nor redox activity. Synthesis, characterizations, results of substrate binding studies using spectroscopic techniques, redox activity and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction are reported.
A trial‐based economic evaluation of peppermint oil for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Weerts Zsa Zsa R. M. , Essers Brigitte A. B. , Jonkers Daisy M. A. E. , Willems Jeresa I. A. , Janssen Deborah J. P. A. , Witteman Ben J. M. , Clemens Cees H. M. , Westendorp Audrey , Masclee Ad A. M. , Keszthelyi Daniel
Published: September 2021

Background

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent, chronic gastrointestinal disorder that imposes a substantial socioeconomic burden. Peppermint oil is a frequently used treatment for IBS, but evidence about cost‐effectiveness is lacking.

Objective

We aimed to assess cost‐effectiveness of small‐intestinal release peppermint oil versus placebo in IBS patients.

Methods

In a multicenter randomized placebo‐controlled trial, cost‐effectiveness was evaluated from a societal perspective. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were expressed as (1) incremental costs per Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALY), and (2) incremental costs per successfully treated patient, that is per abdominal pain responder (according to FDA definitions), both after an eight‐week treatment period with placebo versus peppermint oil. Cost‐utility and uncertainty were estimated using non‐parametric bootstrapping. Sensitivity analyses were performed.

Results

The analysis comprised 126 patients (N = 64 placebo, N = 62 small‐intestinal release peppermint oil). Peppermint oil was a dominant treatment compared to placebo in 46% of bootstrap replications. Peppermint oil was also more effective but at higher cost in 31% of replications. The net‐benefit acceptability curve showed that peppermint oil has a 56% probability of being cost‐effective at a conservative willingness‐to‐pay threshold of €10.000/QALY. Peppermint oil was also a dominant treatment per additional successfully treated patient according to FDA definitions, that is in 51% of replications. In this case, the acceptability curve showed an 89% probability of being cost‐effective.

Conclusions

In patients with IBS, small‐intestinal release peppermint oil appears to be a cost‐effective treatment although there is uncertainty surrounding the ICER. When using abdominal pain responder as outcome measure for the ICER, peppermint oil has a high probability of being cost‐effective. The use of peppermint oil, which is a low‐cost treatment, can be justified by the modest QALY gains and slightly higher proportion of abdominal pain responders. More research and long‐term data are necessary to confirm the cost‐effectiveness of peppermint oil. NCT02716285.
On supersymmetric AdS3 solutions of Type II
Authors: Passias Achilleas , Prins Daniël
Published: September 2021

Abstract

We classify supersymmetric warped AdS3×wM7 backgrounds of Type IIA and Type IIB supergravity with non-constant dilaton, generic RR fluxes and magnetic NSNS flux, in terms of a dynamic SU(3)-structure on M7. We illustrate our results by recovering several solutions with various amounts of supersymmetry. The dynamic SU(3)-structure includes a G2-structure as a limiting case, and we show that in Type IIB this is integrable.
Open effective theory of scalar field in rotating plasma
Authors: Chakrabarty Bidisha , Aswin P. M.
Published: September 2021

Abstract

We study the effective dynamics of an open scalar field interacting with a strongly-coupled two-dimensional rotating CFT plasma. The effective theory is determined by the real-time correlation functions of the thermal plasma. We employ holographic Schwinger-Keldysh path integral techniques to compute the effective theory. The quadratic effective theory computed using holography leads to the linear Langevin dynamics with rotation. The noise and dissipation terms in this equation get related by the fluctuation-dissipation relation in presence of chemical potential due to angular momentum. We further compute higher order terms in the effective theory of the open scalar field. At quartic order, we explicitly compute the coefficient functions that appear in front of various terms in the effective action in the limit when the background plasma is slowly rotating. The higher order effective theory has a description in terms of the non-linear Langevin equation with non-Gaussianity in the thermal noise.
Entwicklung und Validierung einer Checkliste zur Bewertung von Videos zum Erlernen von Reanimationsmaßnahmen
Authors: Sterz J. , Tückmantel P. R. , Bepler L. , Stefanescu M. C. , Gramlich Y. , Flinspach A. , Rüsseler M.
Published: September 2021

Hintergrund

Gut durchgeführte Wiederbelebungsmaßnahmen können bei einem Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand das Outcome verbessern. Um praktische Fähigkeiten zu erlernen, greifen Medizinstudierende oft auf Lehrvideos zurück. Studien zeigen jedoch häufig eine unzureichende Qualität der im Internet zur Verfügung gestellten Videos zu Reanimationsmaßnahmen. Eine Bewertung anhand einer validierten, auf den aktuellen „guidelines“ basierten Checkliste fehlt bisher.

Ziel der Arbeit

Entwicklung und Validierung einer Checkliste zur Bewertung von Lehrvideos zur Reanimation.

Material und Methoden

In einem Expertenworkshop erfolgte basierend auf den aktuellen „guidelines“ die Formulierung der Checklistenitems. Die Checkliste wurde in einem vierstufigen Reviewprozess von Notärzten getestet. Die Bewertungen wurden analysiert und die Items angepasst und spezifiziert.

Nach dem Reviewprozess wurde die Checkliste an 74 Videos zur Reanimation angewendet.

Ergebnisse

Die Checkliste umfasst 25 Items in vier Kategorien (initiale Maßnahmen, Thoraxkompression, AED-Nutzung, Atmung), die auf einer 3‑stufigen Likert-Skala bewertet werden. 16 NotärztInnen nahmen an der Studie teil. Sie bewerteten jeweils durchschnittlich 9,3 ± 5,7 Videos. Die Reviewer stimmten in 65,1 ± 12,6 % der Fälle überein. Die höchsten Übereinstimmungen wurden im Unterthema AED erzielt, das Item „Beim Schock Patienten nicht berühren“ wies die höchste Übereinstimmung auf. Die Items der Kategorie Thoraxkompression wurden am häufigsten unterschiedlich bewertet.

Diskussion

Es konnte erstmalig für den deutschsprachigen Raum eine Checkliste zur Bewertung von Lehrvideos zur Reanimation erstellt und validiert werden.
Sphincter damage during fistulotomy for perianal fistulae and its relationship with faecal incontinence
Authors: García-Botello Stephanie , Garcés-Albir Marina , Espi-Macías Alejandro , Moro-Valdezate David , Pla-Martí Vicente , Martín-Arevalo Jose , Ortega-Serrano Joaquín
Published: September 2021

Background

The length of sphincter which can be divided during fistulotomy for perianal fistula is unclear. The aim was to quantify sphincter damage during fistulotomy and determine the relationship between such damage with symptoms and severity of faecal incontinence and long-term quality of life (QOL).

Methods

A prospective cohort study was performed over a 2-year period. Patients with intersphincteric and mid to low transsphincteric perianal fistulas without risk factors for faecal incontinence were scheduled for fistulotomy. All patients underwent 3D endoanal ultrasound (3D-EAUS) pre-operatively and 8 weeks postoperatively. Measurements were taken of pre- and postoperative anal sphincter involvement and division. Anal continence was assessed using the Jorge-Wexner scale and QOL scores pre, 6 and 12 months postoperatively.

Results

Forty-nine patients were selected. A strong correlation between pre- and postoperative measurements was found p < 0.001. A median length of 41% of the external anal sphincter and 32% of the internal anal sphincter was divided during fistulotomy. Significant differences in mild symptoms of anal continence were found with increasing length of external anal sphincter division. But there was no significant deterioration in continence, soiling, or quality of life scores at the 1-year follow-up. Division of over two-thirds of the external anal sphincter was associated with the highest incontinence rates.

Conclusions

3D-EAUS is a valuable tool for quantifying the extent of sphincter involvement pre- and postoperatively. Post-fistulotomy faecal incontinence is mild and increases with increasing length of sphincter division but does not affect long-term quality of life.
Fully-coupled micro–macro finite element simulations of the Nakajima test using parallel computational homogenization
Authors: Klawonn Axel , Lanser Martin , Rheinbach Oliver , Uran Matthias
Published: September 2021

The Nakajima test is a well-known material test from the steel and metal industry to determine the forming limit of sheet metal. It is demonstrated how FE2TI, our highly parallel scalable implementation of the computational homogenization method FE$$^2$$

2

, can be used for the simulation of the Nakajima test. In this test, a sample sheet geometry is clamped between a blank holder and a die. Then, a hemispherical punch is driven into the specimen until material failure occurs. For the simulation of the Nakajima test, our software package FE2TI has been enhanced with a frictionless contact formulation on the macroscopic level using the penalty method. The appropriate choice of suitable boundary conditions as well as the influence of symmetry assumptions regarding the symmetric test setup are discussed. In order to be able to solve larger macroscopic problems more efficiently, the balancing domain decomposition by constraints (BDDC) approach has been implemented on the macroscopic level as an alternative to a sparse direct solver. To improve the computational efficiency of FE2TI even further, additionally, an adaptive load step approach has been implemented and different extrapolation strategies are compared. Both strategies yield a significant reduction of the overall computing time. Furthermore, a strategy to dynamically increase the penalty parameter is presented which allows to resolve the contact conditions more accurately without increasing the overall computing time too much. Numerically computed forming limit diagrams based on virtual Nakajima tests are presented.
Trends of epidemiological characteristics of traumatic spinal cord injury in China, 2009–2018
Authors: Hao Dingjun , Du Jinpeng , Yan Liang , He Baorong , Qi Xiao , Yu Shicheng , Zhang Jiaojiao , Zheng Wenjing , Zhang Rongqiang , Huang Da-Geng , Yang Junsong , Zhu Ming , Ouyang Jiawei , Zhao He , Ding Keyuan , Shi Haodong , Cao Yang , Zhang Ying , Tang Qinghua , Liu Yuan , Zhang Zilong , Wang Yuhang , Tian Ye , Chen Hao , Bai Lulu , Li Heng , Mu Chenchen , Wang Youhan , Wang Xiaohui , Jiang Chao , Lin Jianhua , Lin Bin , Fan Shunwu , Nie Lin , Song Jiefu , Ma Xun , Shao Zengwu , Gao Yanzheng , Guan Zhong , Song Yueming , Ma Weihu , Chen Qixin
Published: September 2021

Objective

We focus on providing the first comprehensive national dataset on the incidence, injury aetiology and mortality of TSCI in China.

Methods

A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used. We included TSCI cases from all hospitals in three regions, nine provinces and 27 cities in China via search of electronic medical records and retrospectively analysed the characteristics of TSCI in China from 2009 to 2018. We estimated the incidence of TSCI in the total population and subgroups.

Results

There were 5954 actual cases in 2009, corresponding to a total estimated TSCI incidence of 45.1 cases per million population (95% CI, 44.0–46.3). There were 10,074 actual cases in 2018, corresponding to a total estimated TSCI incidence of 66.5 cases per million population (95% CI, 65.2–67.8) (P < 0.001; annual average percentage change (AAPC), 4.4%). From 2009 to 2018, the incidence of almost all sex/age groups showed an increasing trend over time (P < 0.001; AAPC, 0.7–8.8%). The elderly population (aged 65–74) displayed the highest incidence of TSCI (with an average annual incidence of 127.1 cases per million [95% CI, 119.8–134.3]).

Conclusions

The TSCI incidence increased significantly from 2009 to 2018. The incidence in the elderly populations was consistently high and continues to increase over time. The mortality of TSCI patients in hospitals is relatively low and continues to decrease each year, but elderly individuals remain at a high risk of hospital death.
Biodiversity in agricultural landscapes: different non-crop habitats increase diversity of ground-dwelling beetles (Coleoptera) but support different communities
Authors: Rischen Tamara , Frenzel Tobias , Fischer Klaus
Published: September 2021

Agricultural intensification poses a major threat to the conservation of biodiversity and associated ecosystem services. Since non-crop habitats are regarded as important refuges for farmland biodiversity, various greening measures have been proposed to halt biodiversity loss. However, the effectiveness of these measures for biodiversity conservation is still under debate. Therefore, we here compared ground-dwelling beetle (Coleoptera) assemblages of different non-crop habitats (field margins, set-aside fields sown with wildflowers, and permanent grassland fallows) and wheat fields within an intensively used agricultural landscape in western Germany. Taxonomic diversity of Carabidae, Staphylinidae and other coleopteran families and their conservation value were higher in all non-crop habitats than on wheat fields. Surprisingly, though, different types of non-crop habitats did not differ in species richness or the number of threatened species. Thus, field margins and sown wildflower fields were as effective in promoting beetle diversity as grassland fallows. However, different non-crop habitats supported different species assemblages, and several species, in particular especially large ones, were restricted to grassland fallows. These results suggest that different greening measures are effective in promoting the biodiversity of beetles, and that permanent grassland fallows are essential for nature conservation. The fact that habitat types harbored different assemblages stresses the need to combine a variety of greening measures to yield the highest benefit for biodiversity.
From relational equality to personal responsibility
Authors: Schmidt Andreas T.
Published: September 2021

According to relational egalitarians, equality is not primarily about the distribution of some good but about people relating to one another as equals. However, compared with other theorists in political philosophy – including other egalitarians – relational egalitarians have said relatively little on what role personal responsibility should play in their theories. For example, is equality compatible with responsibility? Should economic distributions be responsibility-sensitive? This article fills this gap. I develop a relational egalitarian framework for personal responsibility and show that relational equality commits us to responsibility. I develop two sets of arguments. First, I draw on relational theories of moral responsibility – particularly Strawsonian views – to show that valuable egalitarian relationships require responsibility. Second, I show why relational equality sometimes requires that economic distributions be sensitive to responsibility and choice. I also defend a seemingly paradoxical result: being committed to responsibility, relational egalitarianism not only justifies some distributive inequalities but some relational inequalities too. Overall, relational egalitarianism gives a nuanced and coherent answer as to why and how responsibility matters from within egalitarianism. That it does should be an important argument in its favour.
No Longer Out of Sight, No Longer Out of Mind? How Organizations Engage with Process Mining-Induced Transparency to Achieve Increased Process Awareness
Authors: Eggers Julia , Hein Andreas , Böhm Markus , Krcmar Helmut
Published: September 2021

In recent years, process mining has emerged as the leading big data technology for business process analysis. By extracting knowledge from event logs in information systems, process mining provides unprecedented transparency of business processes while being independent of the source system. However, despite its practical relevance, there is still a limited understanding of how organizations act upon the pervasive transparency created by process mining and how they leverage it to benefit from increased process awareness. Addressing this gap, this study conducts a multiple case study to explore how four organizations achieved increased process awareness by using process mining. Drawing on data from 24 semi-structured interviews and archival sources, this study reveals seven sociotechnical mechanisms based on process mining that enable organizations to create either standardized or shared awareness of sub-processes, end-to-end processes, and the firm’s process landscape. Thereby, this study contributes to research on business process management by revealing how process mining facilitates mechanisms that serve as a new, data-driven way of creating process awareness. In addition, the findings indicate that these mechanisms are influenced by the governance approach chosen to conduct process mining, i.e., a top-down or bottom-up driven implementation approach. Last, this study also points to the importance of balancing the social complications of increased process transparency and awareness. These results serve as a valuable starting point for practitioners to reflect on measures to increase organizational process awareness through process mining.
Correction to: The nucleocapsid protein of rice stripe virus in cell nuclei of vector insect regulates viral replication
Authors: Zhao Wan , Zhu Junjie , Lu Hong , Zhu Jiaming , Jiang Fei , Wang Wei , Luo Lan , Kang Le , Cui Feng
Published: September 2021

In the original publication of the article Fig. 3A and Fig. 33B were incorrectly published. The correct figures are available in this correction.
Preparation and wear properties of high-vanadium alloy composite layer
Authors: Wang Fangfang , Xu Liujie , Wei Shizhong , Wang Xi , Chen Chong , Zhou Yucheng
Published: September 2021

A high-vanadium alloy composite layer was prepared on the surface of a carbon steel using cast composite technology, and the wear properties of the composite layer were investigated. The results showed that the microstructure of the composite layer was composed of primary vanadium carbides (VC), flake martensite, residual austenite, and fine VC. The hardness of the cast alloy layer was 63 HRC. The abrasive wear resistance and impact wear resistance were increased by 60% and 26%, respectively, compared with those of high-chromium cast iron. The excellent wear resistance of the cast alloy layer is attributed to the high-hardness primary vanadium carbide and the large number of fine secondary vanadium carbides precipitated out of the cast alloy layer.
Christ's representation of sinners in Hans Urs von Balthasar and Thomas Aquinas
Authors: Chu Zane E.
Published: September 2021

In his dramatic approach to the redemption, Balthasar takes seriously Christ's exchange of places with sinners. Christ upon the cross takes on sin itself, and not only its consequences, while remaining innocent. Balthasar critiques Aquinas for maintaining that Christ accepts only the consequences or punishments of sin. Aquinas strictly distinguishes between guilt and punishment, with Christ accepting only the latter out of charity to make satisfaction for sin. I argue that Balthasar does not get beyond Aquinas’ distinction between guilt and punishment but dramatises it for a more dynamic representation of the seriousness of sin and its redemption.
Another nature of doctrine: George Lindbeck, Kathryn Tanner and Christian identities
Authors: Watson Ed
Published: September 2021

Theorists such as Stuart Hall have problematised the idea that identity is something that remains essentially the same across time. Since doctrine has been cast as that which safeguards Christian identity, this provokes the question: what role can doctrine play if this is the case? Critiquing George Lindbeck's The Nature of Doctrine in light of Kathryn Tanner's work on rules suggests that doctrine cannot regulate, constitute or generate the necessary conditions for Christian identity. Doctrine can, however, still play a role in generating Christian meaning without regulating identity by determining how concepts are formed in Christian community.
CME-EKG 69/Antworten: Sinuspausen im Monitoring
Authors: Hochholzer Felix David , Saguner Ardan M. , Brunckhorst Corinna B.
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung. Während bei höhergradigen AV-Blockierungen oder symptomatischen Bradykardien nach Ausschluss reversibler Ursachen die Indikationsstellung für eine Schrittmacherbehandlung meist eindeutig ist, stellen uns passagere, oligo- und asymptomatische Sinusbradykardien und -pausen vor grössere Herausforderungen. Anhand dieses Fallberichts soll kurz auf die möglichen Ursachen, die Abklärungsschritte sowie wie Therapiewahl eingegangen werden.
Characterizing Unexpectedly Localized Slowing of the Thermospheric Cross‐Polar Jet of Neutral Wind Over Alaska in the Midnight Sector
Authors: Itani R. , Conde M.
Published: September 2021

We have measured auroral zone thermospheric neutral winds in the midnight local time sector, using ground‐based optical Doppler spectroscopy of the 630.0 nm emission from atomic oxygen, originating at around 240 km altitude over Alaska. One of the most prominent features seen in winds at these latitudes is the cross‐polar jet emerging from the polar cap at local times around magnetic midnight. The standard view is that wind flows anti‐sunward in the midnight sector and spills equatorward over magnetic latitudes extending well below those of the auroral zone. The purpose of this paper is to show that this view is too simplistic. From our observatory at Poker Flat, Alaska (∼N), the anti‐sunward flow is frequently seen to stall over surprisingly short horizontal distances (100–200 km), without spilling further equatorward. This behavior is most prevalent during a low solar activity at mid‐winter when the combination of pressure gradient established by solar heating and the ion drag is not enough to allow the jet to push through the background atmosphere on the nightside. At higher latitudes, by contrast, the flow is relatively uniformly anti‐sunward around magnetic midnight even during quiet conditions. During periods of high solar and magnetic activity, the expected spilling of the midnight sector cross‐polar jet to lower latitudes often is indeed observed over Alaska. Our observation of abrupt stalling during quiet solar and geomagnetic conditions is a very significant difference from the model predictions, with potentially important ramifications‐ which is the motivation for the present study.
DNA methylation affects photoperiodic tuberization in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by mediating the expression of genes related to the photoperiod and GA pathways
Authors: Ai Yanjun , Jing Shenglin , Cheng Zhengnan , Song Botao , Xie Conghua , Liu Jun , Zhou Jun
Published: September 2021

Overcoming short-day-dependent tuberization to adapt to long-day conditions is critical for the widespread geographical success of potato. The genetic pathways of photoperiodic tuberization are similar to those of photoperiodic flowering. DNA methylation plays an important role in photoperiodic flowering. However, little is known about how DNA methylation affects photoperiodic tuberization in potato. Here, we verified the effect of a DNA methylation inhibitor on photoperiodic tuberization and compared the DNA methylation levels and differentially methylated genes (DMGs) in the photoperiodic tuberization process between photoperiod-sensitive and photoperiod-insensitive genotypes, aiming to dissect the role of DNA methylation in the photoperiodic tuberization of potato. We found that a DNA methylation inhibitor could promote tuber initiation in strict short-day genotypes. Whole-genome DNA methylation sequencing showed that the photoperiod-sensitive and photoperiod-insensitive genotypes had distinct DNA methylation modes in which few differentially methylated genes were shared. Transcriptome analysis confirmed that the DNA methylation inhibitor regulated the expression of the key genes involved in the photoperiod and GA pathways to promote tuber initiation in the photoperiod-sensitive genotype. Comparison of the DNA methylation levels and transcriptome levels identified 52 candidate genes regulated by DNA methylation that were predicted to be involved in photoperiodic tuberization. Our findings provide a new perspective for understanding the relationship between photoperiod-dependent and GA-regulated tuberization. Uncovering the epigenomic signatures of these pathways will greatly enhance potato breeding for adaptation to a wide range of environments.