bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitigating Cadmium-Induced Reproductive Toxicity in Male Wistar Rats: Protective Role of STC30, a Polyherbal Formulation
Authors: J.N Nwangwa , E.O Aribo , A.I Okpo-Ene
Published: September 2024

Background: Cadmium, one of the most toxic heavy metals but which finds its presence in many applications and the environment impairs male reproductive function via oxidative stress. There is a growing interest in the development and usage of polyherbal remedies with high antioxidant base. Super Life Total Care (STC30) is one of such remedies. There is however paucity of information on most of its claimed effects and Cadmium-induced male reproductive toxicity.
Methods: Twenty male wistar rats were separated into control, Cadmium-only, STC30-only and Cadmium+STC30 groups of 5 rats each. Once daily administration was for 28 days after which blood and testicular samples collected for determination of relevant parameters.
Results: Results showed a significantly reduced (p<0.05) sperm count in the Cadmium-only compared with the control though significantly lower (p<0.05) in the Cadmium+STC30 compared with the STC30-only groups. Sperm motility was significantly reduced in STC30-only but increased in STC30-only compared with control. It was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the STC30-only and Cadmium+STC30 than in the Cadmium-only groups. Sperm viability was significantly reduced in the Cadmium-only compared with control. Teratozotospermia was significantly elevated in the Cadmium-only compared with the control but lower in the Cadmium+STC30 and STC30-only compared with Cadmium-only groups. Serum follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and testosterone were significantly reduced (p<0.05) in the Cadmium-only compared with the control groups. Testicular malomdialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid were significantly increased (p<0.05) in the Cadmium-only compared with the control groups, but lower in STC30-only and STC30+Cadmium than in the Cadmium-only groups though higher in Cadmium+STC30 than in the STC30-only groups. Testicular superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities as well as total antioxidant capacity were significantly reduced (p<0.05) in the Cadmium-only compared with the control but higher in the Cadmium+STC30 than in the Cadmium-only groups.
Conclusion: In conclusion, STC30 ameliorates Cadmium-induced reproductive toxicity and oxidative stress in male wistar rats.
Correlation and Linear Regression of Physico-biochemical Attributes of Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana) cv. Umran During Ambient Storage
Authors: Shivran Jitendra Singh , Bairwa L. N. , Choudhary M. R. , Shivran Mamta , Jat Mohan Lal
Published: September 2024

Aim: The objective of the study was to investigate the correlation and linear regression between the physical and biochemical characteristics of Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.) cv. Umran, which have been influenced by post-harvest treatments during storage under ordinary room conditions.
Place and Duration: The experiment was carried out at the Department of Horticulture, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Rajasthan from February 2019-20.
Methodology: Calcium chloride (CaCl2) (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%) and gibberellic acid (GA3) (20, 40 and 60 ppm) were used to treat the fruits after harvesting. The treated fruits were then stored under normal or ambient room conditions. In present study evaluated physical attributes, such as physiological weight loss, decay loss, marketability, pulp content and biochemical parameters i.e., total soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content and total sugars content. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and simple linear regression were used to calculate the relationship between fruit weight and various physico-chemical attributes.
Results: The correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between the weight of fruit and quality attributes, including marketability (r = 0.953), pulp content (r = 0.847), total soluble solids (r = 0.931), titratable acidity (r = 0.961), ascorbic acid (r = 0.984), and total sugars (r = 0.961) at 9th day after storage. Whereas, a significant negative correlation was found between the weight of the fruit and physiological loss in weight (r = -0.943) and decay loss (r = -0.953). Linear regression models provided more support for these correlations, showing that variations in fruit weight accounted for a significant proportion of the variability in the assessed quality parameters. The coefficients of determination (r²) ranged from 0.718 to 0.968.
Conclusion: The robust correlations and regression models inform evidence-based storage techniques and reducing fruit quality losses during ambient storage.
Empowerment of Fisherwomen Involved in Post-Harvest Activities of Marine Fisheries in Uttara Kannada District of Karnataka
Authors: Harsha Gadde Sri , Sankangoudar Surekha , K V Basava Kumar
Published: September 2024

The study focuses on the empowerment of fisherwomen engaged in post-harvest activities in the marine fisheries sector of Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka. The fisheries sector plays a significant role in the livelihoods of millions of people, particularly women who are vital to sustaining households and contributing to the economy. Despite their contributions, fisherwomen often remain marginalized in decision-making, credit access, and training. Present study measures empowerment across five dimensions: psychological, cultural, social, economic, and political. The data was collected by using pre tested interview schedule. A total of 120 fisherwomen were selected through random sampling method. Findings revealed that cultural empowerment is the highest with mean score (83.10), followed by index for social empowerment of the fisherwomen was 74.32, whereas political empowerment was found to be low (34.83). It also revealed that in Uttara Kannada less than two third (61.67 %) of the fisherwomen had low level of empowerment, The study underscores the need for targeted interventions to enhance fisherwomen's roles and status, particularly in economic and political domains.
Optimization of Green Tea Catechin Loaded Niosomes by Thin Film Hydration Technique using Food Grade Surfactants
Authors: Gadapa Swarnalatha , Battula Surendra Nath , Pushpadass Heartwin Amaladhas , Naik Laxmana Naik , Emerald Magdaline Eljeeva
Published: September 2024

Aims: Catechins, belonging to polyphenols, have received a great attention because of their health benefits. But, they are met with limited efficacy in food applications due to several reasons such as poor aqueous solubility, poor stability, and low bioavailability in GI conditions.
Study Design: Nanoencapsulation in the form of niosomes is expected to provide efficient delivery of these bioactive components.
Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Dairy Chemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute under National Agricultural Science Fund (NASF) project between June 2018 and March 2021.
Methodology: The processing parameters for preparation of catechin loaded niosomes were optimized. Different parameters such as type and concentration of non-ionic surfactant (NIS), stabilizer and ratio of Nonionic surfactants and stabilizers were optimized to prepare catechin loaded niosomes by Thin Film Hydration Technique using Food Grade Surfactants.
Results: Among all the optimized formulations, the ones prepared with Tween 60 and lauryl alcohol (1.5:1) and Tween 80 and lauryl alcohol (1:0.5) at 250 µM concentration by thin film hydration and high shear homogenization at a speed of 15000 rpm for 15 min, showed desired particle size of 58.48 and 60.69 nm and entrapment efficiency of 85.82 and 85.69%, respectively. They also exhibited uniform size distribution and stability as measured by polydispersity index and zeta potential. SEM micrographs also confirmed the formation of catechin loaded niosomes.
Conclusion: It is concluded that 250 µM concentration of NIS, T60 or T80 and lauryl alcohol as stabilizer at a ratio of 1.5:1 and 1:0.5, respectively by thin film hydration and high shear homogenization at 15,000 rpm for 15 min was the optimized formulation for preparation of catechin loaded niosomes.
Trade Outwardness and International Financial Flows in Nigeria
Authors: Justin Ogbonna LINUS, , Faith Chidinma LAWAL, , Ebere Ume Kalu,
Published: September 2024

This study used the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model to investigate the impact of international financial flows on trade outwardness in Nigeria. With dataset covering the period 1999 – 2023 drawn from the World Development Indicator, which is a repository of the World Bank, official development assistance (ODA), Foreign portfolio investment (FPI) and foreign direct investment (FDI) were used as proxies for international financial flows. The quotient of the sum of export and import over gross domestic product represented trade outward which found to positively and significantly respond to changes in ODA and FPI and insignificantly and negative respond to FDI. It is recommended that trade outwardness should be tailored in the direction of international financial flows while harnessing the benefits of trade and mitigating the adverse effects of trade relations. This can be done through protective import strategies and export promotion methods.
Impact of Tax-based Revenue on Economic Development in Nigeria, 1999 to 2023
Authors: Emughedi OGHU, , Faith Chidinma LAWAL, , Kalu Ebere Ume
Published: September 2024

This research measures the contributory impact of Tax-based revenue on economic development in Nigeria, 1999 to 2023, with a specific focus on the nuanced dynamics of oil-based tax (OBT), non-oil-based tax (NOBT), and aggregate tax revenue (ATR). Leveraging comprehensive data extracted from the Central Bank of Nigeria's Statistical Bulletin and Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) database, the study employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) with Gross Domestic Product Growth Per Capital (GDPPC) as the outcome variable. The empirical analysis supports a significant and positive impact of non-oil-based tax revenue on GDPG while the oil-based tax shares no significant impact on economic development. Also, aggregate tax revenue (ATR) was found to negatively but significantly impact on economic development.  The study recommends the adjustment of the tax system to address the developmental constraint on investment and consumption posed by taxation while optimizing the benefits that accrue from an efficient and good tax system.
Protecting Digital Heartbeats: Securing Networked ECG Systems from Cyber Attacks
Authors: Bashir Engr. Tahir
Published: September 2024

This research focuses on securing networked Electrocardiogram (ECG) systems by using a quantitative approach to evaluate the effectiveness of various cybersecurity measures. With the increasing reliance on networked medical devices, these systems have become vulnerable to cyber-attacks that can compromise data integrity, system functionality, and patient safety. The study quantitatively examines the impact of encryption levels, authentication methods, and network segmentation on system security by measuring variables such as attack success rates, data breach occurrences, and unauthorized access attempts. Statistical analysis, including regression and ANOVA, is applied to determine the significance of these measures. The findings aim to provide data-driven insights into enhancing the security of networked ECG systems, ultimately contributing to safer healthcare environments
Adaptive measurements of urban runoff quality
Authors: Wong Brandon P. , Kerkez Branko
Published: November 2016

An approach to adaptively measure runoff water quality dynamics is introduced, focusing specifically on characterizing the timing and magnitude of urban pollutographs. Rather than relying on a static schedule or flow‐weighted sampling, which can miss important water quality dynamics if parameterized inadequately, novel Internet‐enabled sensor nodes are used to autonomously adapt their measurement frequency to real‐time weather forecasts and hydrologic conditions. This dynamic approach has the potential to significantly improve the use of constrained experimental resources, such as automated grab samplers, which continue to provide a strong alternative to sampling water quality dynamics when in situ sensors are not available. Compared to conventional flow‐weighted or time‐weighted sampling schemes, which rely on preset thresholds, a major benefit of the approach is the ability to dynamically adapt to features of an underlying hydrologic signal. A 28 km2 urban watershed was studied to characterize concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS) and total phosphorus. Water quality samples were autonomously triggered in response to features in the underlying hydrograph and real‐time weather forecasts. The study watershed did not exhibit a strong first flush and intraevent concentration variability was driven by flow acceleration, wherein the largest loadings of TSS and total phosphorus corresponded with the steepest rising limbs of the storm hydrograph. The scalability of the proposed method is discussed in the context of larger sensor network deployments, as well the potential to improving control of urban water quality.
Elemental changes and alteration recorded by basaltic drill core samples recovered from in situ temperatures up to 345°C in the active, seawater‐recharged Reykjanes geothermal system, Iceland
Authors: Fowler Andrew P. G. , Zierenberg Robert A.
Published: November 2016

Hydrothermal activity results in element exchanges between seawater and oceanic crust that contribute to many aspects of ocean chemistry; therefore, improving knowledge of the associated chemical processes is of global significance. Hydrothermally altered basaltic drill core samples from the seawater‐recharged Reykjanes geothermal system in Iceland record elemental gains and losses similar to those observed in samples of hydrothermally altered oceanic crust. At Reykjanes, rocks originally emplaced on the seafloor were buried by continued volcanism and subsided to the current depths (>2250 m below surface). These rocks integrate temperature‐dependent elemental gains and losses from multiple stages of hydrothermal alteration that correspond to chemical exchanges observed in rocks from different crustal levels of submarine hydrothermal systems. Specifically, these lithologies have gained U, Mg, Zn, and Pb and have lost K, Rb, Ba, Cu, and light rare earth elements (La through Eu). Alteration and elemental gains and losses in lithologies emplaced on the seafloor can only be explained by a complex multistage hydrothermal alteration history. Reykjanes dolerite intrusions record alteration similar to that reported for the sheeted dike section of several examples of oceanic crust. Specifically, Reykjanes dolerites have lost K, Rb, Ba, and Pb, and gained Cu. The Reykjanes drill core samples provide a unique analog for seawater‐oceanic crust reactions actively occurring at high temperatures (275–345°C) beneath a seafloor hydrothermal system.
A quasi‐liquid mediated continuum model of faceted ice dynamics
Authors: Neshyba Steven , Adams Jonathan , Reed Kelsey , Rowe Penny M. , Gladich Ivan
Published: November 2016

We present a quasi‐liquid mediated continuum model for ice growth consisting of partial differential equations informed by molecular dynamics simulations. The main insight from molecular dynamics is the appearance of periodic variations in the equilibrium vapor pressure and quasi‐liquid thickness of the ice/vapor interface. These variations are incorporated in the continuum model as subgrid scale microsurfaces. We show that persistent faceted ice growth in the presence of inhomogeneities in the ambient vapor field is due to a spontaneous narrowing of terraces at facet corners, which compensates for higher ambient water vapor density via feedback between surface supersaturation and quasi‐liquid thickness. We argue that this emergent behavior has the mathematical structure of a stable limit cycle and characterize its robustness in terms of ranges of parameters that support it. Because the model is relevant in the high‐surface‐coverage regime, it serves as a useful complement to the Burton‐Cabrera‐Frank framework. Quantitative aspects and limitations of the model are also discussed.
Ambient observations of hygroscopic growth factor and f(RH) below 1: Case studies from surface and airborne measurements
Authors: Shingler Taylor , Sorooshian Armin , Ortega Amber , Crosbie Ewan , Wonaschütz Anna , Perring Anne E. , Beyersdorf Andreas , Ziemba Luke , Jimenez Jose L. , Campuzano‐Jost Pedro , Mikoviny Tomas , Wisthaler Armin , Russell Lynn M.
Published: November 2016

This study reports a detailed set of ambient observations of optical/physical shrinking of particles from exposure to water vapor with consistency across different instruments and regions. Data have been utilized from (i) a shipboard humidified tandem differential mobility analyzer during the Eastern Pacific Emitted Aerosol Cloud Experiment in 2011, (ii) multiple instruments on the NASA DC‐8 research aircraft during the Studies of Emissions, Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys in 2013, and (iii) the Differential Aerosol Sizing and Hygroscopicity Spectrometer Probe during ambient measurements in Tucson, Arizona, during summer 2014 and winter 2015. Hygroscopic growth factor (ratio of humidified‐to‐dry diameter, GF = Dp,wet/Dp,dry) and f(RH) (ratio of humidified‐to‐dry scattering coefficients) values below 1 were observed across the range of relative humidity (RH) investigated (75–95%). A commonality of observations of GF and f(RH) below 1 in these experiments was the presence of particles enriched with carbonaceous matter, especially from biomass burning. Evidence of externally mixed aerosol, and thus multiple GFs with at least one GF < 1, was observed concurrently with f(RH) < 1 during smoke periods. Possible mechanisms responsible for observed shrinkage are discussed and include particle restructuring, volatilization effects, and refractive index modifications due to aqueous processing resulting in optical size modification. To further investigate ambient observations of GFs and f(RH) values less than 1, it is recommended to add an optional prehumidification bypass module to hygroscopicity instruments, to preemptively collapse particles prior to controlled RH measurements.
Evidence for geologic processes on comets
Authors: Sunshine Jessica M. , Thomas Nicolas , El‐Maarry Mohamed Ramy , Farnham Tony L.
Published: November 2016

Spacecraft missions have resolved the nuclei of six periodic comets and revealed a set of geologically intriguing and active small bodies. The shapes of these cometary nuclei are dominantly bilobate reflecting their formation from smaller cometesimals. Cometary surfaces include a diverse set of morphologies formed from a variety of mechanisms. Sublimation of ices, driven by the variable insolation over the time since each nucleus was perturbed into the inner Solar System, is a major process on comets and is likely responsible for quasi‐circular depressions and ubiquitous layering. Sublimation from near‐vertical walls is also seen to lead to undercutting and mass wasting. Fracturing has only been resolved on one comet but likely exists on all comets. There is also evidence for mass redistribution, where material lifted off the nucleus by subliming gases is deposited onto other surfaces. It is surprising that such sedimentary processes are significant in the microgravity environment of comets. There are many enigmatic features on cometary surfaces including tall spires, kilometer‐scale flows, and various forms of depressions and pits. Furthermore, even after accounting for the differences in resolution and coverage, significant diversity in landforms among cometary surfaces clearly exists. Yet why certain landforms occur on some comets and not on others remains poorly understood. The exploration and understanding of geologic processes on comets is only beginning. These fascinating bodies will continue to provide a unique laboratory for examining common geologic processes under the uncommon conditions of very high porosity, very low strength, small particle sizes, and near‐zero gravity.
An analytical approach for the simulation of flow in a heterogeneous confined aquifer with a parameter zonation structure
Authors: Huang Ching‐Sheng , Yeh Hund‐Der
Published: November 2016

This study introduces an analytical approach to estimate drawdown induced by well extraction in a heterogeneous confined aquifer with an irregular outer boundary. The aquifer domain is divided into a number of zones according to the zonation method for representing the spatial distribution of a hydraulic parameter field. The lateral boundary of the aquifer can be considered under the Dirichlet, Neumann or Robin condition at different parts of the boundary. Flow across the interface between two zones satisfies the continuities of drawdown and flux. Source points, each of which has an unknown volumetric rate representing the boundary effect on the drawdown, are allocated around the boundary of each zone. The solution of drawdown in each zone is expressed as a series in terms of the Theis equation with unknown volumetric rates from the source points. The rates are then determined based on the aquifer boundary conditions and the continuity requirements. The estimated aquifer drawdown by the present approach agrees well with a finite element solution developed based on the Mathematica function NDSolve. As compared with the existing numerical approaches, the present approach has a merit of directly computing the drawdown at any given location and time and therefore takes much less computing time to obtain the required results in engineering applications.
Advanced Functional Nanomaterials for Theranostics
Authors: Huang Haoyuan , Lovell Jonathan F.
Published: November 2016

Nanoscale materials have been explored extensively as agents for therapeutic and diagnostic (i.e., theranostic) applications. Research efforts have shifted from exploring new materials in vitro to designing materials that function in more relevant animal disease models, thereby increasing potential for clinical translation. Current interests include non‐invasive imaging of diseases, biomarkers, and targeted delivery of therapeutic drugs. Here, some general design considerations of advanced theranostic materials and challenges of their use, from both diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives, are discussed. Common classes of nanoscale biomaterials, including magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots, upconversion nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, carbon‐based nanoparticles, and organic dye‐based nanoparticles, have demonstrated potential for both diagnosis and therapy. Variations such as size control and surface modifications can modulate biocompatibility and interactions with target tissues. The need for improved disease detection and enhanced chemotherapeutic treatments, together with realistic considerations for clinically translatable nanomaterials, will be key driving factors for theranostic agent research in the near future.
Capacity Fade Mechanism of Li4Ti5O12 Nanosheet Anode
Authors: Chiu Hsien‐Chieh , Lu Xia , Zhou Jigang , Gu Lin , Reid Joel , Gauvin Raynald , Zaghib Karim , Demopoulos George P.
Published: November 2016

Zero‐strain and long‐term stability of nanoscale lithium titanate (LTO) anode materials make possible the fabrication of exceptionally stable lithium ion batteries. But one issue must be considered that of nanostructure‐induced relaxation in 2D LTO nanosheets which profoundly modifies their Li storage properties and structural stability. Excessively intercalated Li ions at both 8a and 16c sites trigger nucleation of the relaxed LTO structure in the near‐surface region, which impedes Li‐ion diffusion and causes the increasing polarization of LTO nanosheet electrodes. Nuclei of relaxed LTO then undergo isotropic growth along the 3D Li‐ion pathways in LTO to completely convert near‐surface regions into relaxed LTO. With increasing population of trapped Li ions, the enhanced conductivity due to Ti4+/Ti3+ reduction gradually eliminates the raised polarization. In the meantime, spontaneous electrolyte/LTO reduction to form the solid electrolyte interphase starts playing a major role in capacity loss once the transformation of near‐surface region into relaxed LTO becomes saturated. Elucidation of these fundamental intercalation‐induced surface structure transformations contribute greatly into the design of highly performing 2D nanoscaled LTO and other electrode materials.
Overcoming Interfacial Losses in Solution‐Processed Organic Multi‐Junction Solar Cells
Authors: Du Xiaoyan , Lytken Ole , Killian Manuela S. , Cao Jiamin , Stubhan Tobias , Turbiez Mathieu , Schmuki Patrik , Steinrück Hans‐Peter , Ding Liming , Fink Rainer H. , Li Ning , Brabec Christoph J.
Published: November 2016

Organic solar cells are promising in terms of full‐solution‐processing which enables low‐cost and large‐scale fabrication. While single‐junction solar cells have seen a boost in power conversion efficiency (PCE), multi‐junction solar cells are promising to further enhance the PCE. In all‐solution‐processed multi‐junction solar cells, interfacial losses are often encountered between hole‐transporting layer (HTL) and the active layers and therefore greatly limit the application of newly developed high‐performance donor and acceptor materials in multi‐junction solar cells. Here, the authors report on a systematic study of interface losses in both single‐junction and multi‐junction solar cells based on representative polymer donors and HTLs using electron spectroscopy and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. It is found that a facile mixed HTL containing poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and MoO
x
nanoparticles successfully overcomes the interfacial losses in both single‐ and multi‐junction solar cells based on various active layers by reducing interface protonation, promoting better energy‐level alignment, and forming a dense and smooth layer. Solution‐processed single‐junction solar cells are demonstrated to reach the same performance as with evaporated MoO
x
(over 7%). Multi‐junction solar cells with polymers containing nitrogen atoms as the first layer and the mixed PEDOT:PSS and MoO
x
nanoparticles as hole extraction layer reach fill factor (FF) of over 60%, and PCE of over 8%, while the identical stack with pristine PEDOT:PSS or MoO
x
nanoparticles show FF smaller than 50% and PCE less than 5%.
KMT2D p.Gln3575His segregating in a family with autosomal dominant choanal atresia strengthens the Kabuki/CHARGE connection
Authors: Badalato Lauren , Farhan Sali M. K. , Dilliott Allison A. ,   Care4Rare Canada Consortium, Bulman Dennis E. , Hegele Robert A. , Goobie Sharan L.
Published: November 2016

Choanal atresia is rarely reported in Kabuki syndrome, but is a common feature of CHARGE syndrome. Otherwise, the two conditions have a number of overlapping features, and the molecular links between them have recently been elucidated. Here, we report a case of a mother and her two children who presented with congenital choanal atresia. We performed whole exome sequencing on DNA from the mother and her two unaffected parents, and identified a de novo, novel variant in KMT2D. KMT2D p.Gln3575His segregated with disease status in the family, and is associated with a unique and conserved phenotype in the affected family members, with features overlapping with Kabuki and CHARGE syndromes. Our findings further support the potential etiological link between these two classically distinct conditions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“They Can't Find Anything Wrong with Him, Yet”: Mothers’ experiences of parenting an infant with a prenatally diagnosed copy number variant (CNV)
Authors: Werner‐Lin Allison , Walser Sarah , Barg Frances K. , Bernhardt Barbara A.
Published: November 2016

Chromosome microarray (CMA) testing is used widely in prenatal settings. Some copy number variants (CNVs) detected using CMA are associated with variable or uncertain phenotype and/or possible neurocognitive involvement. Little is known about parenting an infant following such findings. Researchers conducted interviews with 23 mothers of infants diagnosed prenatally with a potentially pathogenic CNV to elicit perspectives on the child's development and disclosure of results to others. Interviews were audiotaped and analyzed for common themes. Most respondents reported their infants were developing typically. The majority expressed concern about their child's future development given the CNV. They reassured themselves their child was unaffected by: comparing him/her to siblings, scrutinizing the child's appearance and behavior, or following provider reassurances. Even without developmental and neurological concerns, some remained acutely observant of their child's neurocognitive development, leading to enrollment in early intervention or ongoing medical assessments. Mothers who were unconcerned stated they would likely attribute atypical behavior or developmental to the CNV. All interviewees shared the result with pediatricians, relatives, or friends, and many shared across groups. Most shared information with pregnant friends considering prenatal testing, but withheld partial or full information from family members due to stigma, lack of understanding, inability to explain the CNV, or presumptions that the child was unaffected. Research must address the long‐term consequences of returning uncertain results for parent‐child bonding and costs of ongoing assessment and early intervention for typically developing children. Follow up appointments will permit providers to screen for anxiety and assuage worry in the absence of symptoms. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spatiotemporal requirements of the Hainan gibbon: Does home range constrain recovery of the world's rarest ape?
Authors: Bryant Jessica V. , Zeng Xingyuan , Hong Xiaojiang , Chatterjee Helen J. , Turvey Samuel T.
Published: November 2016

Conservation management requires an evidence‐based approach, as uninformed decisions can signify the difference between species recovery and loss. The Hainan gibbon, the world's rarest ape, reportedly exploits the largest home range of any gibbon species, with these apparently large spatial requirements potentially limiting population recovery. However, previous home range assessments rarely reported survey methods, effort, or analytical approaches, hindering critical evaluation of estimate reliability. For extremely rare species where data collection is challenging, it also is unclear what impact such limitations have on estimating home range requirements. We re‐evaluated Hainan gibbon spatial ecology using 75 hr of observations from 35 contact days over 93 field‐days across dry (November 2010–February 2011) and wet (June 2011–September 2011) seasons. We calculated home range area for three social groups (N = 21 individuals) across the sampling period, seasonal estimates for one group (based on 24 days of observation; 12 days per season), and between‐group home range overlap using multiple approaches (Minimum Convex Polygon, Kernel Density Estimation, Local Convex Hull, Brownian Bridge Movement Model), and assessed estimate reliability and representativeness using three approaches (Incremental Area Analysis, spatial concordance, and exclusion of expected holes). We estimated a yearly home range of 1–2 km2, with 1.49 km2 closest to the median of all estimates. Although Hainan gibbon spatial requirements are relatively large for gibbons, our new estimates are smaller than previous estimates used to explain the species’ limited recovery, suggesting that habitat availability may be less important in limiting population growth. We argue that other ecological, genetic, and/or anthropogenic factors are more likely to constrain Hainan gibbon recovery, and conservation attention should focus on elucidating and managing these factors.

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

Re‐evaluation reveals Hainan gibbon home range as c. 1–2 km2.

Hainan gibbon home range is, therefore, similar to other Nomascus gibbons.

Limited data for extremely rare species does not necessarily prevent derivation of robust home range estimates.
New Research Sheds Light on How Litigants Evaluate the Characteristics of Legal Procedures
Authors: Shestowsky Donna
Published: November 2016

Millions of civil litigants seek relief through state courts each year. Unfortunately, the economic downturn sharply increased how long they must wait for trial and decreased the resources needed to offer mediation, arbitration, and other alternatives. Donna Shestowsky, “The Psychology of Procedural Preference: How Litigants Evaluate Legal Procedures Ex Ante,” 99 Iowa L. Rev. 637, 640 (2014) (providing examples of courts and alternative dispute resolution programs that have been negatively affected due to the economic downturn)(referred to below as “Psychology of Procedural Preference”).
CPR News
Authors: Bleemer Russ
Published: November 2016

International Institute for Conflict Prevention and Resolution Chairman John Kiernan told attendees at the Association for Conflict Resolution of Greater New York 2016 Annual Conference that conflict resolution practices had made great strides, and the processes and practitioners are widely used.
The Advantages of Mediating Fiduciary Duty And Other Business Governance Disputes
Authors: Johnston William D.
Published: November 2016

Fiduciary duty and other business governance disputes often are litigated and sometimes are arbitrated. Those disputes of course can involve businesses in the corporate form. Increasingly, they involve so‐called “alternative entities”—businesses such as limited liability companies, some form of partnership (general, limited, limited liability, or master limited), or trusts.
On Emotional Processes, and Anger, in Two‐Part Harmony: Where Decisions Really Come From
Authors: Creo Robert A.
Published: November 2016

I was so mad that I couldn't even see straight.
Bioinspired Total Synthesis of the Dimeric Indole Alkaloid (+)‐Haplophytine by Direct Coupling and Late‐Stage Oxidative Rearrangement
Authors: Satoh Hitoshi , Ojima Ken‐ichi , Ueda Hirofumi , Tokuyama Hidetoshi
Published: November 2016

A bioinspired convergent total synthesis of (+)‐haplophytine, a dimeric indole alkaloid with diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane and hexacyclic aspidosperma segments, is described. This synthesis involves the direct coupling of the two segments in a AgNTf2‐mediated Friedel–Crafts reaction and construction of the diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane skeleton through late‐stage chemoselective aerobic oxidation of the 1,2‐diaminoethene moiety and a sequential semipinacol‐type rearrangement.
4‐Hydroxy‐3‐carboxycoumarin as an efficient building block for new ruthenium(II) complexes: synthesis, characterization, antibacterial, antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities
Authors: Sulaiman Al‐Ayed Abdullah
Published: November 2016

A new 4‐hydroxy‐3‐carboxycoumarin ligand and its ruthenium(II) complexes (1–5) have been synthesized, characterized and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against a range of Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. In addition, compounds 1–5 were investigated for antioxidant activities using superoxide radical, 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays, in which most of them displayed significant antioxidant activities. Furthermore, compounds 1–5 were evaluated for anti‐inflammatory activity using indirect haemolytic and lipoxygenase inhibition assays and revealed good activity. The new complexes were characterized using spectroscopic methods in addition to elemental analysis.
Chemical vapour deposition of platinum films on electrodes for pacemakers: Novel precursors and their thermal properties
Authors: Dorovskikh Svetlana I. , Zharkova Galina I. , Turgambaeva Asiya E. , Krisyuk Vladislav V. , Morozova Natalia B.
Published: November 2016

Air‐stable trimethylplatinum(IV) β‐diketonate complexes of general formula (CH3)3Pt(L)Py (L = R1COCHCOR2; R1 = R2 = CF3 (hfac), tBu (thd), CH3 (acac); R1 = CF3, R2 = tBu (ptac), CH3 (tfac); Py = pyridine) have been synthesized in high yields. The thermal properties of (CH3)3Pt(L)Py were investigated using thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis and flow method to demonstrate their suitability as metal–organic chemical vapour deposition precursors. Thermolysis of vaporized (CH3)3Pt(acac)Py in vacuum and in the presence of hydrogen or oxygen was studied under conditions of low‐pressure chemical vapour deposition using an original technique. Using this precursor, Pt films were deposited on electrodes for pacemakers under various conditions. The composition, structure, morphology and electrochemical properties of the deposited films were investigated using X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry and LCR measurements. Pt films deposited in the presence of oxygen have a fractal‐like morphology as a result the highest values of real surface areas (851–943 mm2) and capacity (5–8.5 μF mm−2).
Cure and scorch in the processing of ethylene‐propylene‐diene terpolymer (EPDM)
Authors: Saleesung Thanisararat , Saeoui Pongdhorn , Sirisinha Chakrit
Published: November 2016

The objective of this work is to ascertain the characteristics of desirable (cure) and especially undesirable (scorch) crosslinking when carbon black filled ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) is processed using different peroxide initiators. The mixing temperature and the nature of the peroxide initiator are crucial parameters affecting scorch (undesirably premature crosslinking) in this rubber. Processability and properties of EPDM prepared using various mixer set temperatures have been investigated. Dicumyl peroxide (Luperox DC), di(t‐butylperoxy) diisopropylbenzene (Luperox F), and 2,5‐dimethyl‐2,5‐di(t‐butylperoxy) hexane (Luperox 101) were used as crosslinking initiators. Higher mixing temperatures give shorter scorch times, greater scorch magnitudes, greater heterogeneities in crosslink spatial distribution and poorer tensile properties. However, extreme localization of the unwanted crosslinking at the rubber‐filler interface does have a beneficial effect. Luperox DC offers poorer processability and poorer resulting properties than do Luperox F and Luperox 101, due to its shorter half‐life and greater solubility in the rubber phase. This is the first time that the spatial heterogeneity of crosslinking and scorch has been related to the basic thermodynamics of 3‐component 2‐phase systems. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44523.
Distributed Observer‐based Stabilization of Nonlinear Multi‐agent Systems with Sampled‐data Control
Authors: Wan Ying , Cao Jinde , Alsaedi Ahmed , Hayat Tasawar
Published: November 2016

In this paper, the distributed observer‐based stabilization problem of multi‐agent systems under a directed graph is investigated. Distributed observer‐based control protocol with sampled‐data information is proposed. The dynamics of each agent contain a nonlinear part, which is supposed to be general Lipschitz. In order to stabilize the states of the whole network, all the nodes utilize the relative output estimation error at sampling instants and only a small fraction of nodes use the absolute output estimation error additionally. By virtue of the input‐to‐state stability (ISS) property and the Lyapunov stability theory, an algorithm to design the control gain matrix, observer gain matrix, coupling strength as well as the allowable sampling period are derived. The conditions are in the form of LMIs and algebraic inequality, which are simple in form and easy to verify. Some further discussions about the solvability of obtained linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are also given. Lastly, an example is simulated to further validate the obtained results.
Towards a Terminologia Neuroanatomica
Authors: Ten Donkelaar Hans J. , Broman Jonas , Neumann Paul E. , Puelles Luis , Riva Alessandro , Tubbs R. Shane , Kachlik David
Published: November 2016

This article deals with a recent revision of the terminology of the Sections Central Nervous System (CNS; Systema nervosum centrale) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS; Systema nervosum periphericum) of the Terminologia Anatomica (TA, 1998) and the Terminologia Histologica (TH, 2008). These sections were extensively updated by the Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology (FIPAT) Working Group Neuroanatomy of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA). After extensive discussions by FIPAT, and consultation with the IFAA Member Societies, these parts were merged to form a Terminologia Neuroanatomica (TNA). After validation at the IFAA Executive Meeting, September 22, 2016, the TNA has been placed on the open part of the FIPAT website (http://FIPAT.library.dal.ca) as the official FIPAT Terminology. This article outlines the major differences between the TNA and the TA. Clin. Anat. 30:145–155, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional Analysis of Catalysts for Lower Alkane Oxidation
Authors: Kube Pierre , Frank Benjamin , Wrabetz Sabine , Kröhnert Jutta , Hävecker Michael , Velasco‐Vélez Juan , Noack Johannes , Schlögl Robert , Trunschke Annette
Published: November 2016

The catalytic performance of 1) crystalline MoVTeNb oxide that exhibits the electronic properties of a n‐type semiconductor, 2) submonolayer vanadium oxide supported on meso‐structured silica (SBA‐15) as an insulating support, and 3) surface‐functionalized carbon nanotubes that contain neither a redox active metal nor bulk oxygen, but only surface oxygen species have been compared in the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane and propane under equal reaction conditions. The catalytic results indicate similarities in the reaction network over all three catalysts within the range of the studied reaction conditions implying that differences in selectivity are a consequence of differences in the rate constants. Higher activity and selectivity to acrylic acid over MoVTeNb oxide as compared to the other two catalysts are attributed to the higher density of potential alkane adsorption sites on M1 and the specific electronic structure of the semiconducting bulk catalyst. Microcalorimetry has been used to determine and quantify different adsorption sites revealing a low Vsurface/C3H8 ads ratio of 4 on M1 and a much higher ratio of 150 on silica‐supported vanadium oxide. On the latter catalyst less than one per cent of the vanadium atoms adsorb propane. Barriers of propane activation increase in the order P/oCNT (139 kJ mol−1)≤M1 (143 kJ mol−1)<6V/SBA‐15 (162 kJ mol−1), which is in agreement with trends predicted by theory.
Cross‐Dehydrogenative‐Coupling of Alkoxybenzenes with Toluenes: Copper(II) Halide Mediated Tandem Halo/Benzylation of Arenes
Authors: Storr Thomas E. , Teskey Christopher J. , Greaney Michael F.
Published: November 2016

A cross‐dehydrogenative‐coupling of alkoxybenzenes and toluenes with concomitant halogenation is reported. Conditions employed were the use of stoichiometric copper halide salts and dialkylperoxides to afford a range of bromoalkoxydi‐ and triarylmethanes. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the in situ production of haloarenes (or dihaloarenes) followed by a copper‐mediated coupling of a benzylic radical is operational.
Solution Chemistry of N,N’‐Disubstituted Amidines: Identification of Isomers and Evidence for Linear Dimer Formation
Authors: Kalz Kai F. , Hausmann Anja , Dechert Sebastian , Meyer Steffen , John Michael , Meyer Franc
Published: November 2016

Amidines have found widespread use, but their solution chemistry remains poorly understood. In this work, X‐ray crystallographic and detailed 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic studies have been performed to elucidate the preferred isomers and their interconversion mechanisms. Amidines are shown to exist as a mixture of E‐syn and Z‐anti isomers in solution and to form dimeric H‐bonded aggregates that are also observed in the solid state. Rapid proton exchange/tautomerization reactions occur within the dimers, allowing fast interconversion of E‐syn and Z‐anti isomers even at very low temperatures. Three different exchange processes were identified in solution, and on this basis the unusual concentration and temperature dependence of the NMR spectra of these amidines could be explained. This work thus resolves some of the puzzles of the complex solution chemistry of this prominent class of compounds.
Gold(III) Triggered Transformations of 22‐Methyl‐m‐benziporphyrin Involving an Effective Contraction of Benzene to Cyclopentadiene
Authors: Hurej Karolina , Pawlicki Miłosz , Latos‐Grażyński Lechosław
Published: November 2016

A structurally prearranged carbaporphyrin, 22‐methyl‐m‐benziporphyrin, provided the perfect macrocyclic platform to form gold(III) 22‐methyl‐m‐benziporphyrin, which facilitates the specific m‐benzene ring contraction yielding gold(III) 21‐methyl 21‐carbaporphyrin with remarkably high yield.
Proof of Principle: Immobilisation of Robust CuII3TbIII‐Macrocycles on Small, Suitably Pre‐functionalised Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Feltham Humphrey L. C. , Dumas Christophe , Mannini Matteo , Otero Edwige , Sainctavit Philippe , Sessoli Roberta , Meledandri Carla J. , Brooker Sally
Published: November 2016

In a proof‐of‐principle study, a soluble macrocyclic single‐molecule magnet (SMM) containing a CuII3TbIII magnetic core was covalently grafted onto small gold nanoparticles pre‐functionalised with carboxylate‐terminated tethers. A modified microemulsion method allowed production of the small and monodisperse nanoparticles (approximately 3.5 nm in diameter) for the chemisorption of a large amount of intact macrocyclic complexes in the hybrid system.
From Packed “Sandwich” to “Russian Doll”: Assembly by Charge‐Transfer Interactions in Cucurbit[10]uril
Authors: Gong Wanjun , Yang Xiran , Zavalij Peter Y. , Isaacs Lyle , Zhao Zhiyong , Liu Simin
Published: November 2016

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Lyle Isaacs and Simin Liu at the University of Maryland and Wuhan University of Science and Technology. The image depicts two packed “sandwiches” and one supramolecular “Russian doll” that are assembled by host–guest and charge‐transfer interactions. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201604149.
Analyse der Geschichte der Schankanlagentechnik und ihre Auswirkungen auf den heutigen Stand der Technik
Authors: Tippmann Johannes , Becker Thomas
Published: November 2016

Seit jeher hat gezapftes Bier eine besondere Aura auf den Konsumenten und gilt oft als qualitativ besser verglichen mit Flaschenbier. Dies ist häufig auf die vorherrschenden technischen Standards und Möglichkeiten zurückzuführen. Die Entwicklungen der Schankanlagentechnik wurden analysiert und die wichtigsten technischen Erfindungen mit den über die Zeit entstanden Anforderungen an Materialien, Physik, Hygiene und Sicherheit werden beschrieben. Das Verständnis verfahrenstechnischer Grundoperationen diente dabei oft als Lösungsweg, z. B. bei der Widerlage der Geschichte des 7‐Minuten‐Pils.
Elektronentheorie auf dem Smartphone
Authors: Giel Patrick , Müller‐Plathe Florian , Böhm Michael C.
Published: November 2016

Mit einem neuen Lehrwerkzeug lassen sich Hückel‐Molekülorbital‐Rechnungen durch eine zeichnerisch‐spielerische Eingabe auf einem Smartphone schnell und einfach durchführen. Die App gibt die üblichen Resultate von Hückel‐Rechnungen graphisch oder numerisch aus. Fortgeschrittene können die App auch für Möbius‐Ringe und π‐Systeme mit Heteroatomen nutzen, ebenso für die Analyse von Pauli‐Antisymmetrie‐Restriktionen in Monozyklen. Das Tool gestattet nicht nur den Einsatz in der Lehre, sondern erlaubt auch eine schnelle Bearbeitung wissenschaftlicher Fragestellungen, und sei es nur die Abschätzung, ob sich aufwändigere quantenchemische Rechnungen lohnen.