bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Melatonin on Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress in Adults with Obesity Undergoing a Multidisciplinary Body Weight Reduction Program
Authors: Rigamonti Antonello E. , Rubino Federico M. , Caroli Diana , Bondesan Adele , Mai Stefania , Cella Silvano G. , Centofanti Lucia , Paroni Rita , Sartorio Alessandro
Published: September 2024

Background: Obesity is characterized by increased oxidative stress, which, in a vicious circle, promotes chronic low-grade inflammation. Melatonin, a well-documented antioxidant, might be useful as a supplement to enhance the cardiometabolic benefits of any body weight reduction program (BWRP). Objectives/Methods: The present study aimed to evaluate the post-exercise oxidative stress and inflammation in a group of subjects with obesity treated with melatonin (2 mg/die) or placebo, undergoing a 2-week BWRP, with the administration of a single bout of acute exercise at the start and the end of the protocol (G1–G15). Results: Eighteen adults with obesity were enrolled and distributed to the two arms of the study: the melatonin group (F/M: 7/2; age: 27.8 ± 5.6 years; body mass index [BMI]: 43.0 ± 4.9 kg/m2) and the placebo group (F/M: 6/3; age: 28.8 ± 5.0 years; BMI: 42.8 ± 4.0 kg/m2). BWRP induced a decrease in BMI and waist circumference (WC) in both groups; plasma glucose, blood glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were reduced only in the placebo group. Importantly, plasma biological antioxidant potential (BAP) increased throughout BWRP. Paradoxically, melatonin enhanced post-exercise production of plasma derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and erythrocytic glutathionyl-Hb (HbSSG) (at G1 and G15). Finally, differently from the placebo group, melatonin-treated subjects did not exhibit the BWRP-induced decrease in plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), before and after exercise, at the end of two weeks (G15). Conclusions: Melatonin is presumably an antioxidant with “conditional” prooxidant actions. The use of melatonin as a supplement in subjects with obesity might be deleterious due to the abolishment of BWRP-induced cardiometabolic benefits.
Single-Item Assessment of Quality of Life: Associations with Well-Being, Mood, Health Correlates, and Lifestyle
Authors: Verster Joris C. , Išerić Emina , Ulijn Guusje A. , Oskam Stephanie M. P. , Garssen Johan
Published: September 2024

Background: Quality of life (QoL) is traditionally assessed using multiple-item questionnaires. These can be either general, global assessments of QoL or disease-specific questionnaires. However, the use of single-item QoL scales is becoming increasingly popular, as these are more time- and cost-effective, with a readily available and easy-to-interpret outcome. In particular, these are often preferred for quick assessments (e.g., ‘at home’ testing and mobile phone assessments), and other cases when time constraints are common (e.g., clinical trials and clinical practice). Previous research revealed that multiple-item questionnaires and single-item assessments of QoL have the same validity and reliability. Here we further evaluate the relationship of QoL, assessed with a single-item QoL scale, with well-being, mood, health correlates (e.g., immune fitness, and having underlying diseases), and lifestyle (e.g., sleep, nutrition). Methods: Data from two online surveys are presented. In Study 1, 100 students participated. The single-item QoL score was compared with the World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5), a single-item score of sleep quality, the Regensburg Insomnia Scale (RIS) score, and the Healthy Diet Scale (HDS). Study 2 comprised a survey among 1415 Dutch adults. Single-item QoL was evaluated and compared with assessments of mood, health correlates (immune fitness and disease status), and lifestyle factors (e.g., sleep, nutrition, stress). Results: The first study revealed significant correlations between QoL and well-being, sleep quality, insomnia ratings, and attaining a healthy diet. The second study revealed significant correlations between QoL and mood, health status, and lifestyle factors (e.g., the ability to cope with stress). Conclusions: The results presented here demonstrate that the single-item QoL scale is an effective and easy-to-implement assessment tool that can be used in both clinical practice and research.
Respiratory Drive, Effort, and Lung-Distending Pressure during Transitioning from Controlled to Spontaneous Assisted Ventilation in Patients with ARDS: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Balzani Eleonora , Murgolo Francesco , Pozzi Matteo , Di Mussi Rossella , Bartolomeo Nicola , Simonetti Umberto , Brazzi Luca , Spadaro Savino , Bellani Giacomo , Grasso Salvatore , Fanelli Vito
Published: September 2024

Objectives: To investigate the impact of patient characteristics and treatment factors on excessive respiratory drive, effort, and lung-distending pressure during transitioning from controlled to spontaneous assisted ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods: Multicenter cohort observational study of patients with ARDS at four academic intensive care units. Respiratory drive (P0.1), diaphragm electrical activity (EAdi), inspiratory effort derived from EAdi (∆PmusEAdi) and from occlusion of airway pressure (∆Pocc) (PmusΔPocc), and dynamic transpulmonary driving pressure (ΔPL,dyn) were measured at the first transition to assisted spontaneous breathing. Results: A total of 4171 breaths were analyzed in 48 patients. P0.1 was >3.5 cmH2O in 10%, EAdiPEAK > 15 µV in 29%, ∆PmusEAdi > 15 cmH2O in 28%, and ΔPL,dyn > 15 cmH2O in 60% of the studied breaths. COVID-19 etiology of ARDS was the strongest independent risk factor for a higher proportion of breaths with excessive respiratory drive (RR 3.00 [2.43–3.71], p < 0.0001), inspiratory effort (RR 1.84 [1.58–2.15], p < 0.0001), and transpulmonary driving pressure (RR 1.48 [1.36–1.62], p < 0.0001). The P/F ratio at ICU admission, days of deep sedation, and dose of steroids were additional risk factors for vigorous inspiratory effort. Age and dose of steroids were risk factors for high transpulmonary driving pressure. Days of deep sedation (aHR 1.15 [1.07–1.24], p = 0.0002) and COVID-19 diagnosis (aHR 6.96 [1–48.5], p = 0.05) of ARDS were independently associated with composite outcome of transitioning from light to deep sedation (RASS from 0/−3 to −4/−5) or return to controlled ventilation within 48 h of spontaneous assisted breathing. Conclusions: This study identified that specific patient characteristics, including age, COVID-19-related ARDS, and P/F ratio, along with treatment factors such as the duration of deep sedation and the dosage of steroids, are independently associated with an increased likelihood of assisted breaths reaching potentially harmful thresholds of drive, effort, and lung-distending pressure during the initial transition to spontaneous assisted breathing. It is noteworthy that patients who were subjected to prolonged deep sedation under controlled mechanical ventilation, as well as those with COVID-19, were more susceptible to failing the transition from controlled to assisted breathing.
Differences in Grey Matter Concentrations and Functional Connectivity between Young Carriers and Non-Carriers of the APOE ε4 Genotype
Authors: Muñoz-Neira Carlos , Zeng Jianmin , Kucikova Ludmila , Huang Weijie , Xiong Xiong , Muniz-Terrera Graciela , Ritchie Craig , O’Brien John T. , Su Li
Published: September 2024

Background: The pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may begin developing years or even decades prior to the manifestation of its first symptoms. The APOE ε4 genotype is a prominent genetic risk for AD that has been found to be associated with brain changes across the lifespan since early adulthood. Thus, studying brain changes that may occur in young adults with an APOE ε4 status is highly relevant. Objective: Examine potential differences in grey matter (GM) and functional connectivity (FC) in brains of cognitively healthy young APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers, denoted here as ε4(+) and ε4(−), respectively. Methods: Three Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans were acquired from cognitively healthy young participants aged approximately 20 years (n = 151). Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis was employed to identify potential structural differences in GM between ε4(+) and ε4(−). In a subsequent seed-based connectivity (SBC) analysis, brain regions that structurally differed in the VBM analysis were considered as seeds and correlated with all the remaining voxels across the brains to then measure the differences in FC between groups. Results: The VBM analysis suggested that ε4(+) (n = 28) had greater GM densities relative to ε4(−) (n = 123) in the left hippocampus and the left posterior insula (puncorr < 0.001). However, the effect did not survive the correction for multiple comparisons, suggesting minimal structural differences in this age range. In contrast, the SBC analysis indicated that ε4(+) exhibited significantly decreased FC between the left hippocampus and areas of the left middle temporal gyrus (n = 27) compared to ε4(−) (n = 102). These results remained significant after multiple comparisons (pFDR < 0.05). Lastly, no statistically significant differences in FC between groups were observed for the left insular seed (pFDR > 0.05). Discussion: These results suggest early structural and functional brain changes associated with the APOE ε4 genotype on young adults. Yet, they must be cautiously interpreted and contrasted with both older adults with genetic risk for AD and patients diagnosed with AD.
In Silico Characterization of Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Modulation in Diabetic Nephropathy: The Construction of a Genetic Panel
Authors: Costa Caroline Christine Pincela da , Assunção Leandro do Prado , Santos Kamilla de Faria , Silva Laura da , Santos Rodrigo da Silva , Reis Angela Adamski da Silva
Published: September 2024

Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) stands as a primary cause of end-stage renal disease and its etiology remains unclear. Thus, this study aims to construct a genetic panel with potential biomarkers linked to the inflammatory pathway of DN associated with the pathology’s susceptibility. Through a systematic review and meta-analysis, we selected observational studies in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, selected from the PubMed, SCOPUS, Virtual Health Library, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases. Additionally, a protein–protein interaction network was constructed to list hub genes, with differential expression analysis by microarray of kidneys with DN from the GSE30529 database to further refine results. Seventy-two articles were included, and 54 polymorphisms in 37 genes were associated with the inflammatory pathway of DN. Meta-analysis indicated a higher risk of complication associated with SNPs 59029 G/A, −511 C/T, VNTR 86 bp, −308 G/A, and −1031 T/C. Bioinformatics analyses identified differentially expressed hub genes, underscoring the scarcity of studies on CCL2 and VEGF-A genes in relation to DN. This study highlighted the intrinsic relationship between inflammatory activity in the etiology and progression of DN, enabling the effective application of precision medicine in diabetic patients for potential prognosis of the complications and contributing to cost reduction in the public health system.
Run-Up of a Vortex Hydrodynamic Bore onto the Shore
Authors: Shugan Igor , Chen Yang-Yih
Published: September 2024

The run-up of a vortex hydrodynamic bore onto an inclined beach is the subject of this study. To theoretically analyze this problem, we use the Benny equations, which, within the shallow water model, allow us to take into account the distribution of horizontal fluid velocity along the depth of the fluid layer. We show that the presence of a shear flow behind a bore significantly modifies the different regimes of bore motion toward the shoreline depending on its strength. The subsequent collapse of the bore near the shoreline with the release of a high-speed run-up jet onto the dry shore is also significantly modulated by the degree of vorticity of the fluid flow. The maximum flooding length and run-up height increase significantly with increasing vorticity of the fluid flow. We use a theoretical model based on the characteristic Whitham rule for a bore, supplemented by the laws of conservation of mass and the momentum of a liquid crossing a shock wave. It is assumed that the wave run-up that appears after the “collapse” of the bore is determined by gravity. As a result, the maximum value of the wave run-up, its speed, the influence of flow vorticity, and its structure as a whole are estimated. The acceptable agreement of the simulation results with experimental data can serve as a justification for the applicability of our model to the calculation of the bore run-up onto a sloping beach.
A Digital Twin of the Trondheim Fjord for Environmental Monitoring—A Pilot Case
Authors: Vasilijevic Antonio , Brönner Ute , Dunn Muriel , García-Valle Gonzalo , Fabrini Jacopo , Stevenson-Jones Ralph , Bye Bente Lilja , Mayer Igor , Berre Arne , Ludvigsen Martin , Nepstad Raymond
Published: September 2024

Digital Twins of the Ocean (DTO) are a rapidly emerging topic that has attracted significant interest from scientists in recent years. The initiative, strongly driven by the EU, aims to create a digital replica of the ocean to better understand and manage marine environments. The Iliad project, funded under the EU Green Deal call, is developing a framework to support multiple interoperable DTO using a federated systems-of-systems approach across various fields of applications and ocean areas, called pilots. This paper presents the results of a Water Quality DTO pilot located in the Trondheim fjord in Norway. This paper details the building blocks of DTO, specific to this environmental monitoring pilot. A crucial aspect of any DTO is data, which can be sourced internally, externally, or through a hybrid approach utilizing both. To realistically twin ocean processes, the Water Quality pilot acquires data from both surface and benthic observatories, as well as from mobile sensor platforms for on-demand data collection. Data ingested into an InfluxDB are made available to users via an API or an interface for interacting with the DTO and setting up alerts or events to support ’what-if’ scenarios. Grafana, an interactive visualization application, is used to visualize and interact with not only time-series data but also more complex data such as video streams, maps, and embedded applications. An additional visualization approach leverages game technology based on Unity and Cesium, utilizing their advanced rendering capabilities and physical computations to integrate and dynamically render real-time data from the pilot and diverse sources. This paper includes two case studies that illustrate the use of particle sensors to detect microplastics and monitor algae blooms in the fjord. Numerical models for particle fate and transport, OpenDrift and DREAM, are used to forecast the evolution of these events, simulating the distribution of observed plankton and microplastics during the forecasting period.
Research on the Collection Characteristics of a Hydraulic Collector for Seafloor Massive Sulfides
Authors: Dai Huan , Li Yan
Published: September 2024

Ore collection is very important in deep-sea mining for seafloor massive sulfide (SMS). In view of the characteristics of SMS ores produced by mechanical crushing, which contain coarse particles and a wide particle size distribution, in-depth research on the collection process with a device combining a rotary crushing head and a flat suction mouth was conducted. In this paper, solid–liquid two-phase flow in the hydraulic collection process with a drum rotation is carried out using the computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method (CFD-DEM), and the flow field characteristics and particle motion characteristics are analyzed. The results indicate that particles with a maximum diameter of 20 mm can be effectively collected when the suction velocity is 3 m/s. The collection process of SMS mainly goes through three stages: particle disturbance start-up, partial particle influx, and stable collection. In addition, the appropriate drum speed facilitates the collection of SMS ore. Finally, the correctness of the numerical method was assessed using similarity experiments. This work can be used to guide the design of underwater mining equipment.
Analysis of Wave Load Characteristics of Hovercraft Based on Model Test
Authors: Zuo Zhihua , Chen Geng , Zhou Xueqian , Ren Huilong , Liu Ning
Published: September 2024

The prediction of the wave load on a hovercraft is essential for the design of the hull structure and safety. However, theoretical methods for the prediction of wave loads are still not mature enough due to the unique and complex nature of the air cushion structure, and numerical modeling and simulation are challenging due to the complexity of the gas-solid-liquid three-phase coupling, so the study of wave loads on hovercrafts still relies on experimentation. In this study, we aim to analyze the wave load response characteristics of a four-chamber hovercraft by conducting a wave load model test under medium/low sea states. The load components and amplitude-frequency response characteristics were thoroughly analyzed based on the acquired data of the cushion pressure, acceleration, and bending moment. The main characteristics of the wave-induced response of the hovercraft were described in detail, and an analytical relationship between the cushion pressure and hull acceleration was derived. The reliability of the experimental results was confirmed through a comparison with the derived results. The relationship between the cushion pressure and cushion volume was investigated in terms of the observed geometric volume of the air chamber, and the relationship between the cushion pressure and flow rate was analyzed to validate the derivation of the theory of wave loads on hovercrafts.
A Genomic Sequence Resource of Diaporthe mahothocarpus GZU-Y2 Causing Leaf Spot Blight in Camellia oleifera
Authors: Shi Xulong , Zhang Yu , Yang Jing , Chen Yunze
Published: September 2024

Diaporthe mahothocarpus GZU-Y2, a new pathogen responsible for leaf spot blight disease, leads to significant damage and economic losses in some Camellia oleifera plantations. The current study annotated the genome of the D. mahothocarpus isolate GZU-Y2 to advance our knowledge of the pathogen and facilitate improved disease management of leaf spot blight. The initial Pacbio-Illumina hybrid draft genome for GZU-Y2 resulted in a high-quality assembly with 62 contigs, characterized by an N50 length of 7.07 Mb. The complete genome of isolate GZU-Y2 was 58.97 Mbp, with a GC content of 50.65%. Importantly, the assembly exhibits remarkable integrity, with 97.93% of complete BUSCO validating genome completeness. The prediction results showed that a total of 15,918 protein-coding genes were annotated using multiple bioinformatics databases. The genome assembly and annotation resource reported here will be useful for the further study of fungal infection mechanisms and pathogen–host interaction.
Integrating Machine Learning with Multi-Omics Technologies in Geroscience: Towards Personalized Medicine
Authors: Theodorakis Nikolaos , Feretzakis Georgios , Tzelves Lazaros , Paxinou Evgenia , Hitas Christos , Vamvakou Georgia , Verykios Vassilios S. , Nikolaou Maria
Published: September 2024

Aging is a fundamental biological process characterized by a progressive decline in physiological functions and an increased susceptibility to diseases. Understanding aging at the molecular level is crucial for developing interventions that could delay or reverse its effects. This review explores the integration of machine learning (ML) with multi-omics technologies—including genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics—in studying the molecular hallmarks of aging to develop personalized medicine interventions. These hallmarks include genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, disabled macroautophagy, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, altered intercellular communication, chronic inflammation, and dysbiosis. Using ML to analyze big and complex datasets helps uncover detailed molecular interactions and pathways that play a role in aging. The advances of ML can facilitate the discovery of biomarkers and therapeutic targets, offering insights into personalized anti-aging strategies. With these developments, the future points toward a better understanding of the aging process, aiming ultimately to promote healthy aging and extend life expectancy.
Acute Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined with High-Load Resistance Exercises on Repetitive Vertical Jump Performance and EEG Characteristics in Healthy Men
Authors: Zhou Yuping , Zhai Haiting , Wei Hongwen
Published: September 2024

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive technique known to enhance athletic performance metrics such as vertical jump and lower limb strength. However, it remains unclear whether combining tDCS with the post-activation effects of high-load resistance training can further improve lower limb performance. Objective: This study investigated the synergistic effects of tDCS and high-load resistance training, using electroencephalography to explore changes in the motor cortex and vertical jump dynamics. Methods: Four experiments were conducted involving 29 participants. Each experiment included tDCS, high-load resistance training, tDCS combined with high-load resistance training, and a control condition. During the tDCS session, participants received 20 min of central stimulation using a Halo Sport 2 headset, while the high-load resistance training session comprised five repetitions of a 90% one-repetition maximum weighted half squat. No intervention was administered in the control group. Electroencephalography tests were conducted before and after each intervention, along with the vertical jump test. Results: The combination of tDCS and high-load resistance training significantly increased jump height (p < 0.05) compared to tDCS or high-load resistance training alone. As for electroencephalography power, tDCS combined with high-load resistance training significantly impacted the percentage of α-wave power in the frontal lobe area (F3) of the left hemisphere (F = 6.33, p < 0.05). In the temporal lobe area (T3) of the left hemisphere, tDCS combined with high-load resistance training showed a significant interaction effect (F = 6.33, p < 0.05). For β-wave power, tDCS showed a significant main effect in the frontal pole area (Fp1) of the left hemisphere (F = 17.65, p < 0.01). In the frontal lobe area (F3) of the left hemisphere, tDCS combined with high-load resistance training showed a significant interaction effect (F = 7.53, p < 0.05). The tDCS combined with high-load resistance training intervention also resulted in higher β-wave power in the parietal lobe area (P4) and the temporal lobe area (T4) (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings suggest that combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and high-load resistance training significantly enhances vertical jump performance compared to either intervention alone. This improvement is associated with changes in the α-wave and β-wave power in specific brain regions, such as the frontal and temporal lobes. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms and long-term effects of this combined intervention.
Advancing Post-Stroke Depression Research: Insights from Murine Models and Behavioral Analyses
Authors: Mușat Mădălina Iuliana , Cătălin Bogdan , Hadjiargyrou Michael , Popa-Wagner Aurel , Greșiță Andrei
Published: September 2024

Post-stroke depression (PSD) represents a significant neuropsychiatric complication that affects between 39% and 52% of stroke survivors, leading to impaired recovery, decreased quality of life, and increased mortality. This comprehensive review synthesizes our current knowledge of PSD, encompassing its epidemiology, risk factors, underlying neurochemical mechanisms, and the existing tools for preclinical investigation, including animal models and behavioral analyses. Despite the high prevalence and severe impact of PSD, challenges persist in accurately modeling its complex symptomatology in preclinical settings, underscoring the need for robust and valid animal models to better understand and treat PSD. This review also highlights the multidimensional nature of PSD, where both biological and psychosocial factors interplay to influence its onset and course. Further, we examine the efficacy and limitations of the current animal models in mimicking the human PSD condition, along with behavioral tests used to evaluate depressive-like behaviors in rodents. This review also sets a new precedent by integrating the latest findings across multidisciplinary studies, thereby offering a unique and comprehensive perspective of existing knowledge. Finally, the development of more sophisticated models that closely replicate the clinical features of PSD is crucial in order to advance translational research and facilitate the discovery of future effective therapies.
A Robust Recurrent Neural Networks-Based Surrogate Model for Thermal History and Melt Pool Characteristics in Directed Energy Deposition
Authors: Wu Sung-Heng , Tariq Usman , Joy Ranjit , Mahmood Muhammad Arif , Malik Asad Waqar , Liou Frank
Published: September 2024

In directed energy deposition (DED), accurately controlling and predicting melt pool characteristics is essential for ensuring desired material qualities and geometric accuracies. This paper introduces a robust surrogate model based on recurrent neural network (RNN) architectures—Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Bidirectional LSTM (Bi-LSTM), and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU). Leveraging a time series dataset from multi-physics simulations and a three-factor, three-level experimental design, the model accurately predicts melt pool peak temperatures, lengths, widths, and depths under varying conditions. RNN algorithms, particularly Bi-LSTM, demonstrate high predictive accuracy, with an R-square of 0.983 for melt pool peak temperatures. For melt pool geometry, the GRU-based model excels, achieving R-square values above 0.88 and reducing computation time by at least 29%, showcasing its accuracy and efficiency. The RNN-based surrogate model built in this research enhances understanding of melt pool dynamics and supports precise DED system setups.
Effects of Minor Zn Dopants in Sn-10Bi Solder on Interfacial Reaction and Shear Properties of Solder on Ni/Au Surface Finish
Authors: Li Sijin , Zhu Junxian , Zhou Huiling , Liao Mingqing , Wang Fengjiang , Chen Jian
Published: September 2024

Sn-10Bi low-bismuth-content solder alloy provides a potential alternative to the currently used Sn-Ag-Cu series due to its lower cost, excellent ductility, and strengthening resulting from the Bi solid solution and precipitation. This study primarily investigates the interfacial evolution and shear strength characteristics of Sn-10Bi joints on a Ni/Au surface finish during the as-soldered and subsequent isothermal aging processes. To improve the joint performance, a 0.2 or 0.5 wt.% dopant of Zn was incorporated into Sn-10Bi solder. The findings demonstrated that a 0.2 or 0.5 wt.% Zn dopant altered the composition of the intermetallic compound (IMC) formed at the interface between the solder and Ni/Au surface finish from Ni3Sn4 to Ni3(Sn, Zn)4. The occurrence of this transformation is attributed to the diffusion of Zn atoms into the Ni3Sn4 lattice, resulting in the substitution of a portion of the Sn atoms by Zn atoms, thereby forming the Ni3(Sn, Zn)4 IMC during the soldering process, which was also verified by calculations based on first principles. Furthermore, a 0.2 or 0.5 wt.% Zn dopant in Sn-10Bi significantly inhibited the Ni3(Sn, Zn)4 growth after both the soldering and thermal aging processes. Zn addition can enhance the shear strength of solder joints irrespective of the as-soldered or aging condition. The fracture mode was determined by the aging durations—with the brittle mode occurring for as-soldered joints, the ductile mode occurring for aged joints after 10 days, and again the brittle mode for joints after 40 days of aging.
Stochastic Dynamic Buckling Analysis of Cylindrical Shell Structures Based on Isogeometric Analysis
Authors: Yu Qingqing , Liu Xiaojun , Xue Fei , Guan Zhenyu , Guo Yujie , Zeng Jianjiang
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we extend our previous work on the dynamic buckling analysis of isogeometric shell structures to the stochastic situation where an isogeometric deterministic dynamic buckling analysis method is combined with spectral-based stochastic modeling of geometric imperfections. To be specific, a modified Generalized-α time integration scheme combined with a nonlinear isogeometric Kirchhoff–Love shell element is used to simulate the buckling and post-buckling problems of cylindrical shell structures. Additionally, geometric imperfections are constructed based on NURBS surface fitting, which can be naturally incorporated into the isogeometric analysis framework due to its seamless CAD/CAE integration feature. For stochastic analysis, the method of separation is adopted to model the stochastic geometric imperfections of cylindrical shells based on a set of measurements. We tested the accuracy and convergence properties of the proposed method with a cylindrical shell example, where measured geometric imperfections were incorporated. The ABAQUS reference solutions are also presented to demonstrate the superiority of the inherited smooth and high-order continuous properties of the isogeometric approach. For stochastic dynamic buckling analysis, we evaluated the buckling load variability and reliability functions of the cylindrical shell with 500 samples generated based on seven nominally identical shells reported in the geometric imperfection data bank. It is noted that the buckling load variability in the cylindrical shell obtained with static nonlinear analysis is also presented to show the differences between dynamic and static buckling analysis.
Light Spectra, a Promising Tool to Modulate Ulva lacinulata Productivity and Composition
Authors: Amaro Helena M. , Pagels Fernando , Melo Rosa , Fort Antoine , Sulpice Ronan , Lopes Graciliana , Costa Isabel , Sousa-Pinto Isabel
Published: September 2024

Light quality is a key factor affecting algal growth and biomass composition, particularly pigments such as carotenoids, known for their antioxidant properties. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are becoming a cost-effective solution for indoor seaweed production when compared to fluorescent bulbs, allowing full control of the light spectra. However, knowledge of its effects on Ulva biomass production is still scarce. In this study, we investigated the effects of LEDs on the phenotype of an Ulva lacinulata strain, collected on the Northern Portuguese coast. Effects of white (W), green (G), red (R), and blue (B) LEDs were evaluated for growth (fresh weight and area), photosynthetic activity, sporulation, and content of pigments and antioxidant compounds. The results showed that there were no significant differences in terms of fresh weight accumulation and reduced sporulation among the tested LEDs, while W light induced the highest expansion rate. Under G, U. lacinulata attained a quicker photoacclimation, and the highest content of pigments and total antioxidant activity; but with R and W, antioxidant compounds against the specific radicals O2•− and •NO were produced in a higher content when compared to other LEDs. Altogether, this study demonstrated that it is possible to modulate the bioactive properties of U. lacinulata by using W, R, and G light, opening the path to the production of biomass tailored for specific nutraceutical applications.
Marine Microorganism Molecules as Potential Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutics
Authors: Lasalo Malia , Jauffrais Thierry , Georgel Philippe , Matsui Mariko
Published: September 2024

The marine environment represents a formidable source of biodiversity, is still largely unexplored, and has high pharmacological potential. Indeed, several bioactive marine natural products (MNPs), including immunomodulators, have been identified in the past decades. Here, we review how this reservoir of bioactive molecules could be mobilized to develop novel anti-inflammatory compounds specially produced by or derived from marine microorganisms. After a detailed description of the MNPs exerting immunomodulatory potential and their biological target, we will briefly discuss the challenges associated with discovering anti-inflammatory compounds from marine microorganisms.
Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with Proximal Junctional Kyphosis Following Long Instrumented Fusion from L1 to Sacrum: Age Itself Does Not Independently Increase the Risk
Authors: Ahn Joonghyun , Kim Young-Hoon , Kim Yong-Chan , Kim Ki-Tack , Kim Sung-Min , Park Jun Bum , Ha Kee-Yong
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives: This study is a retrospective analysis aimed at understanding the incidence and risk factors of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) following long-instrumented spinal fusion from L1 to the sacrum in patients with mild to moderate sagittal imbalance. Materials and Methods: It recruited consecutive patients undergoing instrumented fusion from L1 to the sacrum for degenerative lumbar disease between June 2006 and November 2019 in a single institution. The patients’ preoperative clinical data, muscle status at T12-L1 on magnetic resonance images, and sagittal spinopelvic parameters were analyzed. Univariate analysis was used to compare clinical and radiographic data between PJK and non-PJK patients. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the independent risk factors for PJK. Results: A total of 56 patients were included in this study. The mean age at surgery was 67.3 years and mean follow-up period was 37.3 months. In total, 10 were male and 46 were female. PJK developed in 23 (41.1%) out of 56; of these patients, 20 (87.0%) developed PJK within 1 year postoperatively. In the univariate analysis between PJK and non-PJK patients, the PJK group showed more frequent osteoporosis, lower body mass index, smaller cross-sectional area (CSA) and more fat infiltration (FI) in erector spinae muscle at T12-L1 and larger preoperative TLK and PT with statistical significance (p < 0.05). In the logistic regression analysis, severe (>50%) FI in erector spinae muscle (OR = 43.60, CI 4.10–463.06, R2N = 0.730, p = 0.002) and osteoporosis (OR = 20.49, CI 1.58–264.99, R2N = 0.730, p = 0.021) were statistically significant. Conclusions: Preexisting severe (>50%) fat infiltration in the erector spinae muscle and osteoporosis were independent risk factors associated with PJK following instrumented fusion from L1 to the sacrum, but age was not a risk factor.
Administration and K-12 Teachers Promoting Stress Adaptation and Thriving: Lessons Learned from the COVID Pandemic
Authors: Rowe Wendy , Walinga Jennifer
Published: September 2024

Lessons learned from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being of teachers reveal how school administrators can promote teacher stress adaptation and thriving, even in highly disruptive work environments. In a mixed-methods study within a single school district in Canada, consisting of a survey of 65 K-12 teachers and interviews with 10 administrators and teachers, the results showed the degree to which teachers were coping, had job satisfaction, and demonstrated thriving. Interviews yielded information on the limitations of the education system response and how school district administration could provide additional key resources that would strengthen individual stress coping and resiliency, create a culture of safety and community, and lay the foundations for teacher thriving, even in challenging and disruptive conditions
Results of a Pilot Trial Assessing the Effects of Proper Oral Hygiene and a Probiotic Dietary Supplement on Oral Health in Volunteers with Oral Malodor
Authors: Enioutina Elena Y. , Keddington R. James , Hauck Kurtis G. , Chavez Amarina , Clifford Jeffrey J. , Cao Thy (April) , Smith Bryce , Job Kathleen M. , Balch Alfred
Published: September 2024

Persistent malodor affects many people worldwide and is usually associated with poor dental hygiene. This pilot trial aimed to determine whether proper dental hygiene (DH) and a probiotic dietary supplement support oral health in volunteers with persistent malodor. Volunteers (n = 35) were randomly assigned to the probiotic or placebo cohort. The probiotic cohort (n = 20) brushed and flossed their teeth twice daily and used probiotics for 30 days; the placebo cohort (n = 15) followed the same hygiene practices and used the placebo. The intervention phase was followed by a 30-day follow-up period. Measured outcomes were malodor and tongue-coating scores, probiotic DNA levels, salivary cytokines, and salivary pH. DH and probiotics significantly decreased malodor (~50% during intervention) and tongue coating scores (~45% during intervention). These changes remained through the course of the trial. The probiotic DNA levels increased in the probiotic cohort and dropped in the placebo cohort after the intervention started. The malodor moderately correlated with the tongue coating P. acidilactici level. The addition of probiotics increased IL-10 levels during the intervention and decreased IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-6 by the end of the study. People with malodor may benefit from using DH and probiotics. Additional trials are needed to definitively establish the benefits of probiotic dietary supplements.
The Mechanism of Sodium Sulfate Coupled with Anaerobic Methane Oxidation Mitigating Methane Production in Beef Cattle
Authors: Zhu Xiaowen , Zhou Zhiyu , Cheng Yang , Deng Ziqi , Wu Hao , Nussio Luiz Gustavo , Zhou Zhenming , Meng Qingxiang
Published: September 2024

The aim of this experiment is to explore the effect of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) on methane reduction in the rumen, and its impact on anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea (ANME). Using mixed rumen fluid from four Angus cattle fistulas, this study conducted an in vitro fermentation. Adding Na2SO4 to the fermentation substrate resulted in sulfur concentrations in the substrate of 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.6%, 1.8%, 2.0%, 2.2%, and 2.4%. The gas production rate and methane yield were measured using an in vitro gas production method. Subsequently, the fermentation fluid was collected to determine the fermentation parameters. The presence of ANME in the fermentation broth, as well as the relationship between the number of bacteria, archaea, sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB), ANME, and the amount of Na2SO4 added to the substrate, were measured using qPCR. The results showed that: (1) the addition of Na2SO4 could significantly reduce CH4 production and was negatively correlated with CO2 production; (2) ANME-1 and ANME-2c did exist in the fermentation broth; (3) the total number of archaea, SRB, ANME-1, and ANME-2c increased with the elevation of Na2SO4. The above results indicated that Na2SO4 could mitigate methane production via sulfate-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (S-DAMO) in the rumen. In the future management of beef cattle, including sodium sulfate in their diet can stimulate S-DAMO activity, thereby promoting a reduction in methane emissions.
Sandstone Porosity Evolution and Reservoir Formation Models of the Paleogene Huagang Formation in Yuquan Structure of West Lake Sag, East China Sea Basin
Authors: Cai Yonghuang , Lv Zhengxiang , Qing Yuanhua , Xie Cheng , Cheng Bingjie , Liao Zheyuan , Xu Bing
Published: September 2024

The West Lake Sag is abundant in oil and gas reserves, primarily in the Huagang Formation reservoir which serves as the primary source of production. The level of exploration is rather high, but there are still some unresolved issues, such as an unclear understanding of pore evolution features and reservoir growth mode. To tackle the aforementioned problems, this study employs optical microscopic examination, scanning electron microscope analysis, inclusion analysis, isotope analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and other techniques to elucidate the primary factors governing reservoir development and establish an analytical model regarding the cause of the sandstone reservoir. The results are as follows: (1) The sandstone reservoirs of the Huagang Formation of the Yuquan (abbreviated to YQ) Structure are now in the mesomorphic A stage as a whole, and minerals such as 4-phase authigenic quartz, 2-phase illite, 2-phase chlorite, 1-phase kaolinite, 1-phase ammonite mixing layer and 2-phase carbonate were formed during the diagenesis. (2) Feldspar and carbonate solution pores make up the majority of the reservoir space. About 10% of the porosity is made up of carbonate solution pores, which are the most prevalent reservoir space. Carbonate solution pores are primarily made up of metasomatic carbonate solution pores and cemented carbonate solution pores. Feldspar solution pores come next, contributing roughly 6.2% of the porosity. At 1.8%, residual intergranular holes are the least common. (3) The four main processes listed below are responsible for the creation of pores in the sandstone of the Huagang creation. The early carbonate cements resist the destruction of mechanical compaction and effectively preserve intergranular volume. The high content of feldspar provided a material basis for later dissolution. Early chlorite surrounding the edges of particles reduced the damage of authigenic minerals to porosity. The faults and cracks formed by the later structural inversion connected to the acidic water in the atmosphere, causing the dissolution of carbonate minerals and feldspar in the sandstone of the Huagang Formation. (4) Carbonate dissolution + feldspar dissolution type, carbonate dissolution type, and feldspar dissolution type are the three main types of reservoir formation in the Huagang Formation; the first two types mainly develop in the Upper Huagang Formation, while the latter mainly develops in the lower part of the Huagang Formation. The research results are conducive to the establishment of a geological prediction model for high-quality reservoirs of different geneses in the Huagang Formation and promote the exploration process of deep-seated hydrocarbons in the West Lake Sag.
Profile of Polyphenols, Fatty Acids, and Terpenes in Henola Hemp Seeds Depending on the Method of Fertilization
Authors: Przybylska-Balcerek Anna , Frankowski Jakub , Graczyk Małgorzata , Niedziela Grażyna , Sieracka Dominika , Wacławek Stanisław , Sázavská Tereza Hulswit , Buśko Maciej , Szwajkowska-Michałek Lidia , Stuper-Szablewska Kinga
Published: September 2024

Botanical varieties of hemp differ in chemical composition, plant morphology, agronomy, and industrial suitability. Hemp is popular for cultivation for the production of cannabinoid oil, fiber production, biomass, etc. The fertilization process is one of the most important factors affecting the plant, both its condition and chemical composition. So far, research has been carried out proving that hemp is a valuable source of, among others: fatty acids, amino acids, acids, vitamins, numerous micro- and macroelements, and antioxidant compounds. In this experiment, it was decided to check the possibility of harvesting hemp panicles twice in one year. The purpose of this treatment is to use one plant to produce cannabidiol oil and grain. The main aim of the research was to determine bioactive compounds in hemp seeds and to determine whether the cultivation method affects their content and quantity. Based on the research conducted, it was observed that hemp can be grown in two directions at the same time and harvested twice because its health-promoting properties do not lose their value. It was found that regardless of whether hemp is grown solely for seeds or to obtain essential oils and then seeds, the type of fertilization does not affect the content of phenolic acids (e.g., syringic acid: 69.69–75.14 μg/100 g, vanillic acid: 1.47–1.63 μg/100 g). Based on the conducted research, it was found that essential oils can be obtained from one plant in the summer and seeds from Henola hemp cultivation in the autumn, because such a treatment does not affect the content of the discussed compounds.
Thermodynamic Study of 1,4-Bis(3-methylimidazolium-1-yl)butane Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C4(MIm)2][NTf2]2) from 6 to 350 K
Authors: Markin Alexey V. , Ciccioli Andrea , Lapi Andrea , Sologubov Semen S. , Smirnova Natalia N. , Vecchio Ciprioti Stefano
Published: September 2024

The molar heat capacity of 1,4-bis(3-methylimidazolium-1-yl)butane bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide dicationic ionic compound ([C4(MIm)2][NTf2]2) has been studied over the temperature range from 6 to 350 K by adiabatic calorimetry. In the above temperature interval, this compound has been found to form crystal, liquid, and supercooled liquid. For [C4(MIm)2][NTf2]2, the temperature of fusion T°fus = (337.88 ± 0.01) K has been determined by the fractional melting experiments, the enthalpy of fusion ΔfusH° = (52.79 ± 0.28) kJ mol−1 has been measured using the calorimetric method of continuous energy input, and the entropy of fusion ΔfusS° = (156.2 ± 1.7) J K−1 mol−1 has also been evaluated. The standard thermodynamic functions of the studied dicationic ionic compound, namely, the heat capacity Cp°(T), the enthalpy [H°(T) − H°(0)], the entropy S°(T) and the Gibbs free energy [G°(T) − H°(0)] have been calculated on the basis of the experimental data for the temperature range up to 350 K. The results have been discussed and compared with those available in the literature and in the NIST Ionic Liquids Database (ILThermo) for monocationic ionic compounds.
Prevalence, Symptom Profiles, and Correlates of Mixed Anxiety–Depression in Male and Female Autistic Youth
Authors: Bitsika Vicki , Sharpley Christopher F. , Vessey Kirstan A. , Evans Ian D.
Published: September 2024

Relatively little attention has been given to mixed anxiety and depression in autistic youth, particularly how this differs between males and females. This study investigated sex-based differences in the prevalence and correlates of mixed anxiety and depression in a sample of 51 autistic males (M age = 10.16 yr, SD = 2.81 yr, and range = 6 yr to 17 yr) and 51 autistic females (M age = − 10.07 yr, SD = 2.76 yr, and range = 6 yr to 17 yr), matched for age, IQ, and autism severity. Self-reports on generalised anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder, morning salivary cortisol, ADOS-2 scores, and WASI-II full-scale scores were collected from these autistic youth, and data on the ASD-related symptoms of these youth were collected from their parents. The data were analysed for total anxiety–depression score levels, for the underlying components of this scale, and for the individual items used in the scale. The results indicate no significant sex differences for the prevalence of mixed anxiety and depression total scores or the underlying components of anxiety and depression or for the individual items of the mixed anxiety–depression scale. There were sex differences in the significant correlates of mixed anxiety and depression: morning cortisol and ASD-related difficulties in social interaction for females, and ASD-related behaviour for males. Males’ feelings of being restless or edgy were correlated with their social interaction and repetitive and restricted behaviour. Females’ difficulties in social interaction were correlated with their concerns about their abilities and their sleeping problems. Females’ sleeping problems, their tendency to talk about dying, and feeling worthless, were correlated with their morning cortisol. These findings suggest that, while mixed anxiety and depression is experienced similarly by autistic males and females at the global, component, and individual item levels, specific aspects of the symptomatology of mixed anxiety and depression are differently associated with aspects of their ASD-related symptomatology and their levels of chronic physiological stress for males and females.