bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mild shading promotes sesquiterpenoid synthesis and accumulation in Atractylodes lancea by regulating photosynthesis and phytohormones
Authors: Guo Xiuzhi , Li Qiang , Yan Binbin , Wang Yuefeng , Wang Sheng , Xiong Feng , Zhang Chengcai , Zhang Yan , Guo Lanping
Published: December 2022

Atractylodes lancea rhizome (AR) has high medicinal and economic value. A previous study has reported that the accumulation of sesquiterpenoids in AR has obvious advantages under bamboo canopy. A concrete shade value to promote the cultivation of high-quality AR has not been established. In this study, 80% shading was screened at six different light intensities (100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20%, 7%), and the mechanism was explored in terms of photosynthetic efficiency and phytohormones levels. The results indicated that the total sesquiterpenoid content of 80% mild shading increased by 58%, 52%, and 35%, respectively, compared to 100% strong light in seedling, expansion, and harvest stages and increased by 144%, 178%, and 94%, respectively, compared with 7% low light. The sesquiterpenoids hinesol and β-eudesmol contributed approximately 70% to the differential contribution ratio between mild shading and strong light (100%) or between mild shading and low light (7%). Furthermore, HMGR, DXR, and FPPS genes, which regulate sesquiterpenoid synthesis, were significantly upregulated in 80% mild shading. Transpiration rate; the intercellular CO2 concentration; net photosynthetic rate; and levels of jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, and gibberellin were strongly correlated (r > 0.85) with sesquiterpenoid accumulation. Cis-acting elements responding to light and phytohormones were present within the promoter regions of HMGR, DXR, and FPPS. Therefore, 80% shading promotes the synthesis and accumulation of sesquiterpenoids in AR by regulating photosynthetic efficiency and phytohormone production, thereby promoting transcriptional expression.
The effect of perceptual expectation on processing gain, attention and the perceptual decision bias in children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Authors: Boxhoorn Sara , Schütz Magdalena , Mühlherr Andreas M. , Mössinger Hannah , Luckhardt Christina , Freitag Christine M.
Published: December 2022

Perceptual expectations influence perception, attention and the perceptual decision bias during visuospatial orienting, which is impaired in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In this study, we investigated whether during visuospatial orienting, perceptual expectations in ASD differentially influence perception, attention and the perceptual decision bias relative to neurotypical controls (NT). Twenty-three children and adolescents with ASD and 23 NT completed a visuospatial orienting task, which compared the effect of a valid relative to an invalid perceptual expectation on target detection (cue validity effect). Group differences were calculated regarding the cue validity effect on neural correlates of processing gain (N1a amplitude) and attention (N1pc amplitude), the perceptual decision bias and mean reaction time (RT). In ASD relative to NT, findings showed a reduced processing gain for validly relative to invalidly cued targets and increased attentional response following invalidly relative to validly cued targets. Increased attention correlated with faster performance across groups. Increased processing correlated with a higher perceptual decision bias and faster mean RT in NT, but not in ASD. Results suggest that during visuospatial orienting, perceptual expectations in ASD may drive changes in sensory processing and stimulus-driven attention, which may differentially guide behavioural responses.
Utilizing volatile organic compounds for early detection of Fusarium circinatum
Authors: Nordström Ida , Sherwood Patrick , Bohman Björn , Woodward Stephen , Peterson Donnie L. , Niño-Sánchez Jonatan , Sánchez-Gómez Tamara , Díez Julio Javier , Cleary Michelle
Published: December 2022

Fusarium circinatum, a fungal pathogen deadly to many Pinus species, can cause significant economic and ecological losses, especially if it were to become more widely established in Europe. Early detection tools with high-throughput capacity can increase our readiness to implement mitigation actions against new incursions. This study sought to develop a disease detection method based on volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions to detect F. circinatum on different Pinus species. The complete pipeline applied here, entailing gas chromatography—mass spectrometry of VOCs, automated data analysis and machine learning, distinguished diseased from healthy seedlings of Pinus sylvestris and Pinus radiata. In P. radiata, this distinction was possible even before the seedlings became visibly symptomatic, suggesting the possibility for this method to identify latently infected, yet healthy looking plants. Pinus pinea, which is known to be relatively resistant to F. circinatum, remained asymptomatic and showed no changes in VOCs over 28 days. In a separate analysis of in vitro VOCs collected from different species of Fusarium, we showed that even closely related Fusarium spp. can be readily distinguished based on their VOC profiles. The results further substantiate the potential for volatilomics to be used for early disease detection and diagnostic recognition.
Menopause induces changes to the stratum corneum ceramide profile, which are prevented by hormone replacement therapy
Authors: Kendall Alexandra C. , Pilkington Suzanne M. , Wray Jonathan R. , Newton Victoria L. , Griffiths Christopher E. M. , Bell Mike , Watson Rachel E. B. , Nicolaou Anna
Published: December 2022

The menopause can lead to epidermal changes that are alleviated by hormone replacement therapy (HRT). We hypothesise that these changes could relate to altered ceramide production, and that oestrogen may have a role in keratinocyte ceramide metabolism. White Caucasian women were recruited into three groups: pre-menopausal (n = 7), post-menopausal (n = 11) and post-menopausal taking HRT (n = 10). Blood samples were assessed for hormone levels, transepidermal water loss was measured to assess skin barrier function, and stratum corneum lipids were sampled from photoprotected buttock skin. Ceramides and sphingomyelins were analysed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionisation and tandem mass spectrometry. Post-menopausal stratum corneum contained lower levels of ceramides, with shorter average length; changes that were not evident in the HRT group. Serum oestradiol correlated with ceramide abundance and length. Ceramides had shorter sphingoid bases, indicating altered de novo ceramide biosynthesis. Additionally, post-menopausal women had higher sphingomyelin levels, suggesting a possible effect on the hydrolysis pathway. Treatment of primary human keratinocytes with oestradiol (10 nM) increased production of CER[NS] and CER[NDS] ceramides, confirming an effect of oestrogen on cutaneous ceramide metabolism. Taken together, these data show perturbed stratum corneum lipids post-menopause, and a role for oestrogen in ceramide production.
Sense of agency may not improve recollection and familiarity in recognition memory
Authors: Tsuji Nanami , Imaizumi Shu
Published: December 2022

Sense of agency (SoA) is a feeling of controlling one’s own action. Recognition memory can improve for stimuli that involve SoA perhaps because of the self-reference effect. Recognition memory consists of recollection (i.e., detailed memory of stimuli) and familiarity (i.e., a feeling that stimuli are in memory). The self-reference effect is often observed in the recollection. Here, we investigated whether SoA particularly improves the recollection process. Participants pressed a key to produce an outcome (i.e., box movement followed by word presentation in Experiment 1 or word presentation in Experiment 2) and rated their SoA over the outcome. The outcome was spatially congruent or incongruent with the action. The participants learned the words intentionally (Experiment 1) or incidentally (Experiment 2). Performances of recollection and familiarity were assessed using the remember/know procedure. Our results suggest that the participants’ SoA was successfully manipulated. However, contrary to our hypothesis and previous findings, we found no effects of voluntary action and action–outcome congruence on recollection and familiarity processes of recognition memory, regardless of the latency of word presentation and learning strategies. Further studies are needed to replicate and elucidate the relationship between the SoA and recognition memory.
The module triad: a novel network biology approach to utilize patients’ multi-omics data for target discovery in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Voitalov Ivan , Zhang Lixia , Kilpatrick Casey , Withers Johanna B. , Saleh Alif , Akmaev Viatcheslav R. , Ghiassian Susan Dina
Published: December 2022

Tumor necrosis factor-$$\alpha $$
α
inhibitors (TNFi) have been a standard treatment in ulcerative colitis (UC) for nearly 20 years. However, insufficient response rate to TNFi therapies along with concerns around their immunogenicity and inconvenience of drug delivery through injections calls for development of UC drugs targeting alternative proteins. Here, we propose a multi-omic network biology method for prioritization of protein targets for UC treatment. Our method identifies network modules on the Human Interactome—a network of protein-protein interactions in human cells—consisting of genes contributing to the predisposition to UC (Genotype module), genes whose expression needs to be modulated to achieve low disease activity (Response module), and proteins whose perturbation alters expression of the Response module genes to a healthy state (Treatment module). Targets are prioritized based on their topological relevance to the Genotype module and functional similarity to the Treatment module. We demonstrate utility of our method in UC and other complex diseases by efficiently recovering the protein targets associated with compounds in clinical trials and on the market . The proposed method may help to reduce cost and time of drug development by offering a computational screening tool for identification of novel and repurposing therapeutic opportunities in UC and other complex diseases.
Changes in land-atmosphere coupling increase compound drought and heatwaves over northern East Asia
Authors: Seo Ye-Won , Ha Kyung-Ja
Published: December 2022

Compound drought and heatwaves (DHW) events have much attention due to their notable impacts on socio-ecological systems. However, studies on the mechanisms of DHW related to land-atmosphere interaction are not still fully understood in regional aspects. Here, we investigate drastic increases in DHW from 1980 to 2019 over northern East Asia, one of the strong land-atmosphere interaction regions. Heatwaves occurring in severely dry conditions have increased after the late 1990s, suggesting that the heatwaves in northern East Asia are highly likely to be compound heatwaves closely related to drought. Moreover, the soil moisture–temperature coupling strength increased in regions with strong increases in DHW through phase transitions of both temperature and heat anomalies that determine the coupling strength. As the soil moisture decreases, the probability density of low evapotranspiration increases through evaporative heat absorption. This leads to increase evaporative stress and eventually amplify DHW since the late 1990s. In particular, seasonal changes in soil moisture and evapotranspiration between spring and summer contributed to the amplification of DHW by enhancing land-atmosphere interaction.
Emerging health threat and cost of Fusarium mycotoxins in European wheat
Authors: Johns Louise E. , Bebber Daniel P. , Gurr Sarah J. , Brown Neil A.
Published: December 2022

Mycotoxins harm human and livestock health, while damaging economies. Here we reveal the changing threat of Fusarium head blight (FHB) mycotoxins in European wheat, using data from the European Food Safety Agency and agribusiness (BIOMIN, World Mycotoxin Survey) for ten years (2010–2019). We show persistent, high, single- and multi-mycotoxin contamination alongside changing temporal-geographical distributions, indicative of altering FHB disease pressure and pathogen populations, highlighting the potential synergistic negative health consequences and economic cost.
Catalytic hydroconversion processes for upcycling plastic waste to fuels and chemicals
Authors: Wei Junde , Liu Jieyi , Zeng Weihao , Dong Zichen , Song Jingkuo , Liu Sibao , Liu Guozhu
Published: December 2022

This review provides an overview of catalytic hydroconversion processes including hydrocracking, hydrogenolysis and hydrodeoxygenation for upcycling of plastic wastes into fuels and valuable chemicals.
Tetrastigma hemsleyanumleaf extracts ameliorate NAFLD in mice with low-grade colitisviathe gut–liver axis
Authors: Xiao Lihua , Xiong Hua , Deng Zeyuan , Peng Xin , Cheng Kejun , Zhang Hua , Jiang Li , Sun Yong
Published: December 2022

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum leaf (THL) extract ameliorates oxidative stress, lipid accumulation, and inflammation in NAFLD mice with low-grade colitis.
Correction: Detection of airborne pathogens with single photon counting and a real-time spectrometer on microfluidics
Authors: Yang Ning , Li Taiwei , Dong Sizhe , Zhang Suliang , Jia Yanwei , Mao Hanping , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Fu , Pan Xiaoqing , Zhang Xiaodong , Dong Zining
Published: December 2022

Correction for ‘Detection of airborne pathogens with single photon counting and a real-time spectrometer on microfluidics’ by Ning Yang et al., Lab Chip, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2LC00934J.
Nickel-catalyzed asymmetric reductive arylcyanation of alkenes with acetonitrile as the cyano source
Authors: Chen Zhenbang , Shen Zengming
Published: December 2022

Chiral 3-cyanomethyl oxindoles were synthesized in high enantioselectivities and yields. The employment of acetonitrile as a cyano source via Zn(OTf)2-assisted β-carbon elimination is distinct from the common cyanation reaction modes.
Highly regioselective ferrocenyl cyclohexene/cyclopentene isomerization through benzyne transfer coupling
Authors: Zhang Yajuan , Dong Jie , Lei Yu , Zong Lingli , Zhang Ke , Hu Yimin
Published: December 2022

A highly regioselective isomerization coupling reaction of HDDA-derived benzynes and ferrocenyl cyclohexene/cyclopentene is reported for the direct synthesis of highly substituted functionalized aromatic ferrocene derivatives in good yields.
SERS combined with PCR as a potent tool for detecting mutations: a case study of tomato plants
Authors: Sen Samyabrata , Chalapathi Divya , Targolli Jayaprakash , Narayana Chandrabhas
Published: December 2022

A Raman probe differentiates DNA extracted from tomato plants that are either susceptible or resistant to the TYLCV virus.
Electroless deposition of tellurium nanowires in eutectic solvents using immobilised silver islands
Authors: Perry Samuel C. , White Joshua , Nandhakumar Iris
Published: December 2022

In this work we demonstrate a new approach towards the electroless deposition of tellurium nanowires in deep eutectic solvents.
Fatty acid wax from epoxidation and hydrolysis treatments of waste cooking oil: synthesis and properties
Authors: Liu Yan , Fan Xin-Gang , Liu Meng-Yu , Wang Lei , Wang Peng-Yu , Xu Han-Rui , Chen Yu-Xin , Chen Shuo-Ping
Published: December 2022

A fatty acid wax based on waste cooking oil was synthesized and could be a lower-cost alternative of commercial soybean wax.
Advanced algorithms for optimal meeting points in road networks
Authors: Liu Kaijun , Liu Jianming , Zhang Jingwei
Published: December 2022

An optimal meeting point query is used to determine a location in a spatial region to build a new facility that minimizes the sum of the (weighted) road distances from all clients. This problem has been studied in previous work with the assumption that all clients and facilities reside in Euclidean space or along road networks. However, due to the limitations of geographic information system technologies, it is difficult to return an exact geographic location to answer the optimal meeting point query based on a set of arbitrary coordinates. This issue results in various problems, such as positioning and measurement errors, in practical use. In this paper, it is aimed to identify the optimal meeting point in road networks for clients and facilities residing in non‐Euclidean spaces. Two efficient heuristic solutions are proposed based on approximate and adaptive query processing techniques by using randomized adaptive search and random direction search methods, respectively, to rapidly converge to the global optimum in the geographic coordinate system. Extensive experiments based on real datasets demonstrate that our proposed method achieves a 32.11% improvement over the state‐of‐the‐art approach.
Supermassive Black Hole Winds in X-rays: SUBWAYS
Authors: Matzeu G. A. , Brusa M. , Lanzuisi G. , Dadina M. , Bianchi S. , Kriss G. , Mehdipour M. , Nardini E. , Chartas G. , Middei R. , Piconcelli E. , Gianolli V. , Comastri A. , Longinotti A. L. , Krongold Y. , Ricci F. , Petrucci P. O. , Tombesi F. , Luminari A. , Zappacosta L. , Miniutti G. , Gaspari M. , Behar E. , Bischetti M. , Mathur S. , Perna M. , Giustini M. , Grandi P. , Torresi E. , Vignali C. , Bruni G. , Cappi M. , Costantini E. , Cresci G. , De Marco B. , De Rosa A. , Gilli R. , Guainazzi M. , Kaastra J. , Kraemer S. , La Franca F. , Marconi A. , Panessa F. , Ponti G. , Proga D. , Ursini F. , Baldini P. , Fiore F. , King A. R. , Maiolino R. , Matt G. , Merloni A.
Published: December 2022

We present a new X-ray spectroscopic study of 22 luminous (2 × 1045≲Lbol/erg s−1≲ 2 × 1046) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at intermediate redshifts (0.1 ≲ z ≲ 0.4), as part of the SUpermassive Black hole Winds in the x-rAYS (SUBWAYS) sample, mostly composed of quasars and type 1 AGNs. Here, 17 targets were observed withXMM-Newtonin 2019–2020, and the remaining 5 are from previous observations. The aim of this large campaign (1.45 Ms duration) is to characterise the various manifestations of winds in the X-rays driven from supermassive black holes in AGNs. In this paper we focus on the search for and characterisation of ultra-fast outflows (UFOs), which are typically detected through blueshifted absorption troughs in the Fe K band (E > 7 keV). By following Monte Carlo procedures, we confirm the detection of absorption lines corresponding to highly ionised iron (e.g. Fe XXVHαand Fe XXVILyα) in 7 out of 22 sources at the ≳95% confidence level (for each individual line). The global combined probability of such absorption features in the sample is > 99.9%. The SUBWAYS campaign, based onXMM-Newton, extends to higher luminosities and redshifts than previous local studies on Seyferts. We find a UFO detection fraction of ∼30% of the total sample, which is in agreement with previous findings. This work independently provides further support for the existence of highly ionised matter propagating at mildly relativistic speeds (≳0.1c) in a considerable fraction of AGNs over a broad range of luminosities, which is believed to play a key role in the self-regulated AGN feeding-feedback cycle, as also supported by hydrodynamical multi-phase simulations.
64 Bit Binary Counter with Minimal Clock Period
Authors: Yadav Vaishnavi , Bansod P. P. , Mishra D. K.
Published: December 2022

Novel rapid formations of synchronous binary counting with single minimum period of counting for practical counters are developed in this project. A synchronous binary counter is required in many applications since it is rapid, also can help a broad bit-width. Basically, because of massive fan-outs and extensive carry chains, earlier counters have a limited counting rate, mainly when size of the counter is not modest. It employs a single bit Johnson counter to decrease whole hardware complications, then copy it to lessen the propagation latency caused by huge fan-outs. In this paper, re programmable the clock utilized in it for various applications functioning at different clock rates and there’ll be a variation within the delay values because the clock is reprogrammed the critical may varies for various rates. The counter output results are obtained for various bit up to 64 and therefore the design provides various clock rates with variations in area and delay.
Der Einsatz der Ozon-Sauerstoff-Therapie in der ärztlichen Praxis für Naturheilverfahren
Authors: Schreiber Michael
Published: December 2022

Die Ozon-Sauerstoff-Therapie hat sich in der Praxis des Autors seit Jahrzehnten bewährt als ideale Ergänzung zu vielen Naturheilverfahren. Er beschreibt aus praktischer Sicht das Vorgehen. Sehr bewährt hat sich die Ozon-Sauerstoff-Therapie bei Erschöpfungszuständen, Durchblutungsstörungen, rheumatischen Erkrankungen und Immundefizitproblemen. Der Autor setzt sie auch bei Long-Covid-Patienten ein.
Ultraviolettbestrahlung des Blutes: Theorie, Technik, Praxis
Authors: Sauer Helmut
Published: December 2022

Bei der Ultravioletttherapie wird das Blut der Patienten mit UV-Licht behandelt und dann re-injiziert. Ziel ist es, dass das Immunsystem das behandelte Blut als Fremdkörper erkennt und dadurch das Immunsystem stimuliert wird. Einsatzgebiete der UV-Behandlung sind zum Beispiel Herzerkrankungen, zerebrovaskuläre Störungen, Durchblutungsstörungen, diabetische Retinopathie oder chronisch-entzündliche Erkrankungen. 2 Fallbeispiele demonstrieren den Effekt der UV-Therapie bei Durchblutungsstörungen und Makuladegeneration.
Frequent User mit Angststörung in der Berliner Notfallrettung: Analyse von Notrufverhalten, Diagnosegruppe und urbaner Verteilung
Authors: Breuer Florian , Dahmen Janosch , Pommerenke Christopher , Poloczek Stefan
Published: December 2022

Einleitung Patienten mit Angststörung machen einen wesentlichen Anteil derjenigen Anrufer aus, die den Rettungsdienst in Anspruch nehmen. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass viele dieser
Patienten als Frequent User wiederholt den Rettungsdienst alarmieren.

Methodik Als Frequent User mit Angststörung wurden diejenigen Patienten definiert, bei denen im Einsatzprotokoll die Kombination aus der (Verdachts-)Diagnose „Psychiatrischer
Notfall“ sowie dem psychiatrischen Befund „ängstlich“ dokumentiert wurde und es im betrachteten Zeitraum (01.1.2020 bis 31.5.2021) zu mindestens 2 Einsätzen der Notfallrettung kam
(n = 74).

Ergebnisse Die Alarmierung erfolgte in 31% zum psychiatrischen Notfall, aber auch zu Herzbeschwerden, Atembeschwerden oder Brustschmerzen. Bei 56,4% der Einsätze wurde als
Hauptdiagnose eine psychiatrische Erkrankung angegeben, bei 43,6% eine sonstige Erkrankung. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Einsatzhäufigkeit und dem Patientenalter oder dem Wochentag
bestand nicht. Im Stadtgebiet kam es zwar in einzelnen Bereichen mit Status-Index 4 (sehr niedriger sozialer Status) zu vermehrten Einsätzen, insgesamt zeigte sich jedoch eine gleichmäßige
Verteilung im Stadtgebiet.

Schlussfolgerung Der wiederholte Transport in ein Krankenhaus kann bei Frequent Usern mit Angststörung einen erneuten Notruf nach sich ziehen. Ein Case Management könnte dazu
beitragen, die Einsatzzahlen zu reduzieren und Frequent User mit Angststörung an geeignete Versorgungsformen anzubinden.
Die Therapie des Sympathikus: eine manualtherapeutische Methode am Beispiel des Reizdarmsyndroms – eine Pilotstudie
Authors: Heesch Dieter , Loudovici-Krug Dana , Best Norman
Published: December 2022

In einer Pilotstudie wurden 30 Patient*innen mit RDS-Beschwerden einmalig mittels Therapie des Sympathikus, einer speziellen Mobilisation des achten Brustwirbels, behandelt. Das „Irritable Bowel Syndrome – Severity Scoring System“ (IBS–SSS) dienteals Messinstrument. Als chronisches Beschwerdebild könnte das RDS seine Ursache in einem übermäßig erregten Sympathikus haben. Mit der Therapie des Sympathikus kann darauf gezielt Einfluss genommen werden. Da in der vorliegenden Studie diese regulatorische Therapieform nur einmalig angewendet wurde, ist weitere Forschung mit einem verlängerten Interventionszeitraum oder bei wiederholter Therapie anzustreben, um insbesondere Aussagen zur langfristigen Wirksamkeit treffen zu können.
Progress in the synthesis of 2D black phosphorus beyond exfoliation
Authors: Zhao Yuqian , Wu Zehan , Dang Zhaoying , Hao Jianhua
Published: December 2022

A considerable number of recent research have focused on two-dimensional (2D) black phosphorus (BP) since it was successfully prepared through mechanical exfoliation in 2014. After scaling down, BP with atomistic thickness shows fascinating semiconducting features with layer-dependent direct bandgap and high carrier mobility. The synthesis of high-quality few-layer BP thin films is critical to investigate their distinctive crystal structure, fundamental characteristics, as well as the potential applications in electronics, biomedicine, energy storage, photonics, and optoelectronics. Therefore, this review provides an overview of mono- and few-layer BP topic in the synthesis methods beyond exfoliation, including thinning treatments accompanied to exfoliation, conversion from red phosphorus to BP, and direct growth techniques. We summarize various attempts to control the BP sample's thickness and lateral dimensions during the synthesis. Furthermore, we discuss the current challenges and perspectives of large-scale growth of ultrathin BP which has been a bottleneck hindering wafer-scale device's development in this field. We hope to provide an insight into exploring some potential approaches practicable to synthesize high quality BP thin films utilized for developing high-performance nano-electronics and photonics, which may accelerate the progress of 2D BP toward real applications.
Numerical study of hydraulic characteristics of impulse waves generated by subaerial landslides
Authors: Feng Xiangjian , Cheng Liang , Dong Qianqian , Qi Xiang , Xiong Chengwang
Published: December 2022

Impulse waves generated by subaerial landslides of a block model along a frictionless surface are investigated numerically based on a combination of immersed boundary method and lattice Boltzmann method. A wave propagation model is proposed through machine learning. The observed impulse waves are classified into Stokes-like waves, solitary-like waves, cnoidal-like waves, and bore-like waves. The influence of the slope angle and the slide front angle on the generation and propagation of impulse waves is investigated from the perspectives of the quantitative analyses on primary wave amplitude and energy transformation. The energy release, dissipation, and propagation of the impulsive waves are investigated based on energy conservation principles. The wave propagation model based on the random forest model is established upon a priori classification of wave types. By comparison with the available numerical results, the accuracy of the proposed wave propagation model in predicting free water surface elevations is demonstrated.
Why does the synthesis of N-phenylbenzamide from benzenesulfinate and phenylisocyanate via the palladium-mediated Extrusion–Insertion pathway not work? A mechanistic exploration
Authors: Yang Yang , Canty Allan J. , O’Hair Richard A. J.
Published: December 2022

The gas-phase extrusion–insertion (ExIn) reactions of the palladium complexes [(phen)nPd(O2SC6H5)]+ (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, n = 1 or 2), were investigated in the gas phase by multistage mass spectrometry (MSn) experiments consisting of electrospray ionisation and a linear ion trap combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Desulfination of palladium sulfinate cations under collision-induced dissociation (CID) generates the organopalladium intermediates [(phen)nPd(C6H5)]+. Of these two organometallic cations, only [(phen)Pd(C6H5)]+ reacts with phenyl isocyanate via insertion to yield [(phen)Pd(NPhC(O)C6H5)]+. The formation of a coordinated amidate anion is supported by DFT calculations. In exploring this reactivity in the solution phase, we found that heating a mixture of benzenesulfinic acid, phenylisocyanate and palladium trifluoroacetate under a range of different conditions (ligand free versus with ligand, different solvents, addition of acid or base) failed to lead to the formation N-phenyl-benzamide in all cases. Instead, biphenyl was formed and could be isolated in a yield of 46%. DFT calculations using a solvent continuum reveal that the barrier associated with the insertion reaction lies above the competing sequential reactions of desulfination of a second phenyl sulfinate followed by reductive elimination of biphenyl.
Variation and change in the sociophonetic variable ing in format ties
Authors: Eiswirth Mirjam Elisabeth , Bergmann Felix
Published: December 2022

Format ties, “partial repetitions of prior talk” (Goodwin & Goodwin
1987, p. 207), are interesting from an interactional perspective with respect to their functions relating to, for
example, (dis-) agreement/alignment or humour, and for scholars of Language Variation and Change because they offer uniquely
comparable phonological contexts in naturalistic speech. The present paper investigates the distribution of the sociolinguistic
variable ing in format ties in a set of dyadic interviews of six speakers from the North-East of England who were
recorded two or three times throughout their twenties – those career-building years during which we often see a change from the
predominant use of the alveolar variant (“in’”) to the velar (“ing”).

The analysis offers possible interactional and stylistic explanations for the community-level stability and the
speaker-level variation and change of ing by focusing on contexts in which speakers format tie. It shows that the
use of the highly frequent and thus less marked alveolar variant tends to occur in aligning contexts, while the few velar cases
occur in moments where speakers disalign on some level. This argument contributes to work combining interactional and variationist
endeavours, in particular with respect to the variable ing.
The ring saga: looking back at the discovery of γ-tubulin and γ-tubulin ring complexes
Authors: Oakley Berl R.
Published: December 2022

For many years, two central, unanswered questions in cytoskeleton research were how microtubule assembly is nucleated and microtubule polarity established. The discoveries of γ-tubulin and γ-tubulin ring complexes were key advances that allowed these questions to be substantially answered. The discovery of γ-tubulin was the product of a genetic screen in Aspergillus nidulans for genes important for microtubule function. γ-Tubulin is a member of the tubulin superfamily of proteins, closely related to α- and β-tubulin but distinct from both. It is ubiquitous in eukaryotes, and in many organisms there are small families of γ-tubulin genes. γ-Tubulin and associated proteins form ring-like complexes that localize to microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) and play an important role in the nucleation of microtubule assembly from MTOCs and the establishment of microtubule polarity.
A plea for integrated empirical and philosophical research on the impacts of feminized AI workers
Authors: Read Hannah , Gomez-Lavin Javier , Beltrama Andrea , Miracchi Titus Lisa
Published: December 2022

Feminist philosophers have long emphasized the ways in which women’s oppression takes a variety of forms depending on complex combinations of factors. These include women’s objectification, dehumanization and unjust gendered divisions of labour caused in part by sexist ideologies regarding women’s social role. This paper argues that feminized artificial intelligence (feminized AI) poses new and important challenges to these perennial feminist philosophical issues. Despite the recent surge in theoretical and empirical attention paid to the ethics of AI in general, a strikingly small portion of this work has considered the impact of feminized AI in particular. Our aim is thus to draw attention to the new and pressing ethical challenges posed by feminized AI. Doing so is crucial not just to understanding the impact of these increasingly ubiquitous technologies, but also to our understanding of longstanding feminist philosophical concerns and efforts to ameliorate them.
466 OUT-OF-HOSPITAL CARDIAC ARREST: UNIVERSITY OF TRIESTE STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE OF CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION AND DEFIBRILLATOR USE
Authors: Marcori Sara , Pezzato Andrea , Cano Ana Karina Hinojosa , Gant Alessia , Uliana Andrea , Koni Miranda , Rakar Serena , Aneta Aleksova , Sinagra Gianfranco , Merlo Marco
Published: December 2022

Background

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is the third leading cause of death in industrialized countries. Although most cardiac arrests are witnessed, survival is only 2-10%, since bystanders are often unable to correctly perform cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This study aims to assess the theoretical and practical knowledge of CPR and the use of the automatic external defibrillator (AED) in university students.

Materials and methods

The study involved a total of 1686 students from 21 different faculties of the University of Trieste, 662 students from health faculties and 1024 from non-health faculties. Basic life support and early defibrillation (BLSD) courses have been included in health faculties and made mandatory for students in their final years. Through the platform “EUSurvey” from March to June 2021, they were given an online questionnaire of 25 multiple choice questions to investigate the performance of BLSD.

Results

In the overall population, only 68.7% knew how to diagnose a cardiac arrest and the 47.5% knew the time frame after which irreversible brain damage occurs. Practical knowledge was analysed by evaluating the correct answers to all four questions on performing CPR (hand position during compressions, frequency of compressions, depth of compressions, and ventilations-compressions ratio). Health faculties students have better theoretical and practical knowledge of CPR than their colleagues in non-health faculties (11,2% vs 4,3%; p value <0.001). Final-year medical students, who attended the BLSD course and underwent retraining, have achieved better results than first year medical students (38,1% vs 2,7%; p value <0.001).

Discussion

The knowledge of cardiac arrest needs to be improved in the overall university population. The obligatory inclusion of BLSD courses in healthcare degree courses has led to a significant increase in knowledge on the issue. Given this, we believe it is important to extend these courses to all university students.
1097 PREDICTORS OF WEANING FROM TEMPORARY MECHANICAL CIRCULATORY SUPPORT IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOGENIC SHOCK
Authors: Venuti Angela , Sacchi Stefania , Gobbi Francesca Maria , Baldetti Luca , Calvo Francesco , Gramegna Mario , Pazzanese Vittorio , Ajello Silvia , Mara Scandroglio Anna
Published: December 2022

Introduction

In cardiogenic shock (CS) patients with temporary mechanical circulatory support (TMCS) the weaning process is crucial to verify patients’ myocardial recovery or device dependency. To date, there are no specific guidelines on weaning strategies.

Hypothesis

We investigated clinical predictors of successful weaning from TMCS and developed with them a novel prognostic scoring system.

Methods

Eighty CS patients (62.5 ± 11.8 years, 86.2% male, 63.7% with ACS) with Impella support were evaluated. Hemodynamic, echocardiographic and laboratory data were collected at admission (T0), 24 (T1), 48 (T2), 96 (T3) hours after TMCS implantation. CS patients were classified according to successful or unsuccessful weaning, defined as hemodynamic/myocardial recovery, and death/need for LVAD/heart transplant, respectively. Independent predictors of weaning and their discriminating cut-off values were identified. Finally, a prognostic weaning score (W-Score) was derived.

Results

Thirty-eight (47.5%) CS patients showed successful (SW-group) while 42 (52.5%) unsuccessful (UW-group) weaning from TMCS. Clinical characteristics were similar between the two groups. SW-group showed higher T1, T2, T3 LVEF (p=0.013, p=0.001, p=0.001), T1 CPO (p=0.04), T2 MAP (p=0.019) and lower T1, T2 inotropic score values (p=0.001, p=0.001), T2 HR and PCWP (p=0.01, p=0.008), T1 and T3 creatinine (p=0.018, p=0.009), lactate (p=0.009, p=0.002) and NT-proBNP (p=0.017, p=0.001). T1 LVEF, NT-proBNP and inotropic score together with T3 creatinine and lactate resulted independent predictors of SW (p<0.05). T1 LVEF ≥ 10%, T1 inotropic score ≤ 8, T1 NT-proBNP ≤ 8068 ng/L, T3 lactate ≤ 1,59 mmol/L, T3 creatinine ≤ 1,76 mg/dl identified patients with SW (overall, AUC ≥0.7, p<0.05). W-Score was developed enabling SW with a cut-off score ≥ 7 (80% sensitivity, 85% specificity, AUC 0.92, p <0.001).

Conclusions

W-Score, based on T1 LVEF/inotropic score/NT-proBNP, T3 creatinine/lactate values may be useful to identify CS patients undergoing successful weaning from TMCS.
696 EFFECTS OF DIRECT IRRADIATION ON CARDIAC IMPIANTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICES
Authors: Arabia Gianmarco , Mitacchione Gianfranco , Cerini Manuel , Salghetti Francesca , Cersosimo Angelica , Milidoni Antonino , Dell´aquila Andrea , Bontempi Luca , Curnis Antonio
Published: December 2022

Aims

Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) may sustain damages during a course of radiation therapy, especially when the beam is directed onto the pulse generator, with device electrical reset and/or sudden battery drain. 2010 HRS/ASA expert consensus, and all CIEDs manufacturers, recommend to avoid devices direct irradiation with an accumulated dose that exceed 5 grays (Gy). In our prospective study we tested the effects of direct irradiation on CIEDs with different radiation doses, also higher than 5 Gy.

Methods

124 CIEDs of Medronic, Abbott, Biotronik, Boston Scientific, were collected during system upgrading or lead extraction procedures. All devices were considered if they had at least 80% of residual battery capacity. All CIEDs were programmed with same default electrical parameters. Depending by CIED type, pacing mode was configured in VVI, VVIR, VDDR or DDDR, and biventricular stimulation was activated, if present. ICDs electrical therapies were set-up with a pre-determined configuration. All devices were singularly placed in a 30 cm×30 cm plastic bowl containing 2 Lt of deionized water that was placed over 5 cm Rockwool to simulate the backscatter and irradiated by a linear accelerator (Elekta Synergy®). CIEDs were divided into two groups depending on irradiation dose delivered: 5 Gy and 10 Gy.

Results

No significant differences in battery drainage were observed after irradiation respect to baseline in 5 Gy as well 10 Gy group (7.8±3.1 vs. 7.4±2.1 [years] battery longevity, p=0.693; 7.6±3.1 vs. 7.3±2.1 [years] battery longevity, p=0.677, respectively) .

Moreover, all CIEDS saved the baseline program setting, without device reset events.

Conclusions

Our data confirm that CIEDs direct irradiation of 5 Gy is safe, of note, direct irradiation up to 10 Gy seems to be similarly safe concerning the risk of CIEDs electrical reset and/or unexpected battery drain.
375 ATRIAL FIBRILLATION BURDEN IN PATIENTS WITH IMPLANTABLE LOOP RECORDER AFTER A CRYPTOGENIC STROKE
Authors: Capocci Sofia , Berton Giampaolo , Zivelonghi Cecilia , Portolan Leonardo , Piccolo Solange , Strazzanti Mattia , Bolzan Bruna , Mugnai Giacomo , Tomasi Luca , Franchi Elena , Tomei Ruggero , Vassanelli Francesca , Luciano Ribichini Flavio
Published: December 2022

Background

After a cryptogenic stroke, long-term monitoring is recommended to start an anticoagulation therapy in patients with at least a documented paroxysm of subclinical atrial fibrillation (AF). Literature is sparse about the recurrence of AF (AF burden) after a cryptogenic stroke, but this might have significant implications in terms of therapeutic strategy.

Methods

This is a retrospective single-center study of 129 patients who received implantable loop recorders (ILRs), after a cryptogenic stroke, between March 2015 and March 2022. All patients were followed through remote monitoring for at least 6 months. The primary endpoint was AF detection; the secondary endpoints were the AF burden, the earliness (within or after 90 days from the ILR implant) of the first AF episode and if there was an association between these two variables.

Results

Mean age was 70.3 ± 10.4 years old (67 males, 51.9%); the mean value of left ventricular ejection fraction was 61% ± 5.8. Atrial fibrillation has been detected by ILR in 40.3% of patients (AF= 52 patients, NO AF= 77 patients) and each intracardiac electrogram was visually reviewed by two physicians. Median CHAD2S2-Vasc Score was 5 [4-6]; the median AF burden (assessed in 39 of the 52 patients) was 1.2% [0.1%-14.6%]; among these, 23 patients (59%) had the first episode within 90 days from the ILR implant versus 16 patients (41%) which experienced the first episode later than 90 days. AF burden was significantly higher in the first group (median 3.9% [1.2%-30.9%] vs 0.1% [0.03%-0.75%]; p=0.001). Of note the univariate analysis showed that both detection of the first AF episode within 90 days and echocardiographic findings of atrial disease (atrial dilation or diastolic dysfunction) were significantly associated with AF burden > 1% (about 7 hours for month) (respectively OR 16.5; 95% IC=3.34-81.21, p=0.001 and OR 4.5; 95% IC=1.2-17.5, p=0.03); at the multivariate analysis the significance was confirmed for the earliness of the first AF episode (OR 14.6; 95% IC=2.8-76.75, p=0.002).

Conclusion

In this small, retrospective study, AF was detected by ILR, after a cryptogenic stroke, in more than one third of patients. AF onset during the first 90 days might be a marker of a high AF burden and might highlight patients who could benefit from a rhythm control strategy of AF. Larger studies and clinical outcomes evaluation of these patients are required to confirm our results.
594 HIDDEN CAUSES FOR UNEXPLAINED SINCOPE
Authors: Costantino Roberto , Napoli Gianluigi , Piscitelli Laura
Published: December 2022

Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a congenital cardiac abnormality, affecting approximately 1%-2% of the general population (male > female). A 33-year-old man was admitted to emergency department (ED) for syncope during exertion. He had a history of cigarette smoking with a known previously discovered BAV with mild stenosis.

TTE showed a severely calcified bicuspid aortic valve with severe stenosis and regurgitation.

ECGs showed frequent asymptomatic complete hearth block (CHB), unresponsive to isoprenaline infusion.

He underwent ministernotomy aortic valve replacement (AVR) with mechanical valve. During hospital stay, the 24h ECG telemetric monitoring did not show any A-V disturbance and TTE demonstrated normal prosthesis function. Pacemaker implantation was delayed, Follow-up was performed at 1, 6 and 10 months after surgery: 24h-ECG recordings were performed showing no A-V conduction disturbances.

At 1 year, during routine medical screening, cardiac frequency of 38 bpm was detected (ECG revealed sinus rhythm with CHB and junctional escape rhythm of 38 bpm). ICCU echocardiogram showed good ventricular and prosthesis function. Therefore, a dual-chamber MRI compatible pacemaker was implanted.

Few cases are reported in literature of young patients presenting with A-V block having a severely calcified aortic bicuspid valve. Their management is poorly explored, and therapies (medical therapy, aortic valve replacement and pacemaker implantation) are not fully evidence based.

In literature, 3 cases of possible reversibility of conducting system disorders after severe stenotic aortic valve surgery are described.

Noninvasive strategy was initially successful as demonstrated by both the post-operative absence of any AV conduction disturbance and/or symptoms and the close follow-up monitoring.

Despite of previous evidence, our experience demonstrates that a complete heart block can recur following aortic valve surgery, even in young patients. Initial presentation of CHB was intermittent, suggesting that the structural damage to the conducting system could not be irreversible; thus, it could positively respond to valve surgery. Unfortunately, in CHB with calciﬁc aortic stenosis patients should be considered for PM implantation at the time of aortic surgery. When a waiting strategy prevails, especially for young patients, close monitoring and follow-up must be warranted to early detect A-V disturbances recurrence.
48 A CASE OF RECURRENT VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA IN A PATIENT WITH GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS WITH A CHALLEGING IDENTIFICATION OF ARRHYTHMIC SUBSTRATE: THE ROLE OF MULTIMODALITY IMAGING
Authors: D´amico Anthea Tonia , Avenoso Davide , Ghiglieno Chiara , Porcellini Stefano , Dell´era Gabriele , Patti Giuseppe
Published: December 2022

Background

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), previously known as Wegener's granulomatosis, is a pulmonary-renal syndrome affecting small and medium sized blood vessels. Cardiac involvement is rare and generally includes pericarditis, myocarditis and aortic valve disease. We report a case of recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia (VTs) in a patient with GPA.

Case summary

A 67-year-old man with past medical history of GPA presented palpitations, chest pain and episodes of presyncope. Electrocardiographic tracing upon ED presentation showed sustained monomorphic VT (fig.1) associated with global hypokinesia of the left ventricle and moderately reduced ejection fraction at transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). As the patient was hemodynamically stable, prompt treatment with amiodarone was adopted with successful recovery of sinus rhythm. After a few hours, TTE was normal. However, as troponin I was markedly elevated, coronarography was performed and coronary disease was ruled out. Contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (ceCMR) revealed late gadolinium enhancement in basal anteroseptal mid wall, suggestive of myocardial scar tissue with non-ischemic pattern. No sustained ventricular arrhythmias were induced during electrophysiological study (EPS), even with an aggressive protocol (up to 4 extra stimuli and ventricular refractoriness) and electro-anatomical mapping of both ventricles failed to show any arrhythmic substrate. An implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) was then implanted. After 4 months the patient was admitted for multiple episodes of sustained VT (with cycle length in the ICD monitoring window) refractory to drugs and three external defibrillations. Repeated EPS failed to induce sustained arrhythmias. High-density electroanatomical mapping of the right ventricle, however, showed fragmented potentials in the mid-posterior septal wall (fig. 2-3). After myocardial biopsy of the region of interest, radiofrequency catheter ablation of the area was performed with regression of the potentials. The results of endomyocardial biopsy demonstrated fibrosis. At 5 months of follow-up, the patient didn't relapse.

Discussion

Multimodality imaging is of paramount importance in identifying arrhythmogenic substrate and in characterizing the specific anatomical–functional components of VT circuits. In our patient high-density electroanatomical mapping was able to identify fragmented potentials and define the ablation target area, despite the mismatch with ceCMR.