bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution and diversity of Papilionidae and Pieridae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in Loxicha Region, Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Luis-Martínez Armando , Sánchez García Alejandra , Ávalos-Hernández Omar , Salinas-Gutiérrez José Luis , Trujano-Ortega Marysol , Arellano-Covarrubias Arturo , LLorente-Bousquets Jorge
Published: February 2020

Introduction: A reliable list of species and the analysis of diversity patterns of hyperdiverse taxa, like butterflies, are fundamental for monitoring and managing biological resources. Oaxaca is one of the most diverse states in Mexico for many groups including Lepidoptera and most of its diversity is unknown. Objective: to estimate and describe the species richness and diversity of Papilionidae and Pieridae along an altitudinal gradient and five vegetation types in the Loxicha Region, Oaxaca, Sierra Madre del Sur. Methods: Sampling effort comprised 222 collecting days during a period of seven years. We estimated the alpha diversity for 17 sites within an elevational gradient from 80 to 2 850 m, with five vegetation types: tropical deciduous forest (TDF), tropical sub-deciduous forest (TSDF), cloud forest (low and middle levels) (CF), oak-pine and cloud forest (high level) (OPCF) and oak-pine forest (OPF). Results: We obtained a list of 69 species (27 Papilionidae and 42 Pieridae), of 34 genera and five subfamilies, from literature records and fieldwork. These species are 60 % of the Pieridae and 48 % of the Papilionidae recorded for the state. The Loxicha Region has 36 % of the Pieridae and 30 % of the Papilionidae of Mexico. Both families present different species richness patterns by vegetation type. Papilionidae is richer in the TDF with 23 estimated species and most of the species of this family (84 %) occur below 500 m. Meanwhile, species richness of Pieridae has non-significant differences among vegetations types, except for OPF which has fewer species than the other types. The elevational gradient was divided into three levels (0-750, 750-1 800, 1 800-2 850 m) showing a reduction of species richness and diversity for both families at higher altitudes. Conclusions: Papilionidae species are more restricted to a vegetation type or elevational level than Pieridae species. Likely reasons are higher vagility (including migrations) and wider ecological tolerance of most Pieridae.
A new giant velvet worm from Costa Rica suggests absence of the genus Peripatus (Onychophora: Peripatidae) in Central America
Authors: Barquero González José Pablo , Sánchez-Vargas Steven , Morera-Brenes Bernal
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Neotropical onychophoran taxonomy and diversity has been poorly investigated. Recent studies have discovered problems in species classification: they have questioned the accepted genera and the actual number of species. This is true in Costa Rica, where several unidentified species have been reported. Objective: The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the occurrence of the accepted genera in this country, and to describe a new genus and species from Central America. Methods: In 2017, we collected one onychophoran in the Keköldi Indigenous Reserve in Talamanca, Limón, Costa Rica. The specimen gave birth to several offspring. Therefore, seven organisms were analyzed. Light microscopy was used to observe the gross morphology in all samples. The detailed morphology was studied in the biggest specimen with scanning electron microscopy; after that, we performed a phylogenetic analysis with the corresponding sequence of COI. Results: According to our results, a new genus and species of giant onychophoran was found. The genus was identified by its giant size, apical piece of seven scale ranks, large conical primary papillae, dorso-median furrow flanked by two-three accessory papillae, the absence of hyaline organs and a marked sexual dimorphism with respect to the number of legs. The new species presents a particular head pattern, as well as novel structures like cephalic papillae, accessory papillae with rudimentary apical pieces, and a lack of antennal chemoreceptors. Phylogenetic analysis rendered our genus as monophyletic and includes Peripatus solorzanoi, which is grouped within the Central American clade. As our species is clustered inside the Costa Rica-Panamanian group, it is not related to the Caribbean Island nor Guyanan Shield samples, home of Epiperipatus and Peripatus respectively. Therefore, we suggest that those genera do not occur in Central America, and a new genus exists: Mongeperipatus, gen. nov. Conclusion: We concluded that Costa Rica is home to a diversity of undescribed onychophorans that requires specific studies to help clarify the taxonomy and evolutionary relationships of the group to justify their protection.
Factores edáficos y nemátodos entomopatógenos en un agroecosistema neotropical de banano
Authors: Vidaurre Barahona Daniela , Rodríguez Morales Alejandro , Uribe Lorío Lidieth
Published: February 2020

Introducción: En Costa Rica el banano es uno de los cultivos más importantes en términos de producción y exportaciones, que requiere la aplicación de agroquímicos para controlar el efecto de plagas como el picudo negro, Cosmopolites sordidus. Debido a los efectos dañinos en la salud humana y ambiental, y la posibilidad de que las plagas presenten resistencia a estas sustancias, es necesario investigar alternativas amigables con el medio ambiente como potenciales controladores biológicos. Los nemátodos entomopatógenos (NEPs) de los géneros Heterorhabditis y Steinernema presentan una relación simbiótica con bacterias de los géneros Photorhabdus y Xenorhabdus respectivamente y este complejo ha sido ampliamente estudiado como controlador biológico debido a su capacidad de eliminar insectos hospederos en horas. Objetivo: Determinar la presencia de nemátodos de los géneros Heterorhabditis y Steinernema en suelos de plantaciones de banano del Caribe costarricense y zonas aledañas y caracterizar su hábitat. Metodología: Se tomaron muestras de suelo en plantaciones y áreas circundantes, a partir de las cuales, se llevó cabo aislamiento de NEPs y análisis químicos, físicos y microbiológicos (pH, acidez, materia orgánica, Ca, K, Mg, P, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, textura del suelo, biomasa y respiración microbiana). Se encontraron diferencias entre sitios de muestreo, y muestras con presencia y ausencia de NEPs, y se realizó un análisis de componentes principales utilizando las variables con mayor influencia en ambas categorías para encontrar combinaciones de las mismas que explicaran la presencia según condiciones del hábitat. Se efectuó un análisis discriminante para determinar la eficiencia de las variables seleccionadas en el diagnóstico de presencia. Resultados: Se mostró que las variables relacionadas con la presencia de NEPs corresponden a materia orgánica, biomasa microbiana de carbono y respiración microbiana. Se encontró que el 38.4 % de las muestras fueron positivas con respecto a la presencia de los mismos, de las cuales el 95 % corresponde al género Steinernema y el 5 % restante a Heterorhabditis. Según la ecuación discriminante cuadrática, de un 81.2 % de las muestras sin nemátodos, seis deberían pertenecer al grupo con presencia de los mismos; mientras que para aquellas que contenían NEPs, un 55.0 % (nueve de 20) al grupo de ausencia. Conclusiones: No se observaron diferencias estadísticas entre los hábitats de muestreo seleccionados (P = 0.4296), por lo que se determinó que las tres variables mencionadas anteriormente influyen en la presencia de NEPs y valores altos indican condiciones favorables para su persistencia.
Diversidad florística del bosque seco tropical en las subregiones bajo y medio Sinú, Córdoba, Colombia
Authors: Ruiz Vega Rosalba , Saab Heidy Paola
Published: February 2020

Introducción: El bosque seco tropical (Bs-T) es uno de los ecosistemas más amenazados, en Colombia, presenta la mayor extensión en la región Caribe, está sometido a continua transformación, que ha ocasionado la disminución de su cobertura. Objetivo: Caracterizar la diversidad florística en términos de composición y estructura en seis fragmentos de Bs-T en las subregiones bajo y medio Sinú del Departamento de Córdoba. Métodología: Se siguió la metodología de Parcelas de Muestreo Rápido de Vegetación - RAP modificada. Se determinó la riqueza y abundancia, el Índice de valor de Importancia por especie y por familia, se construyeron clases diamétricas y altimétricas y se calculó el Índice de Diversidad α de Fisher e Índice de Similaridad de Sørensen. Resultados: Se registraron 1 336 individuos, agrupados en 68 familias, 161 géneros y 273 especies en el medio Sinú y 2 178 individuos (226 especies/151 géneros/59 familias) en el bajo Sinú. Las familias más importantes por riqueza de especies fueron: Fabaceae, Rubiaceae y Bignoniaceae, los mayores valores de abundancia se presentaron en Fabaceae, Capparaceae y en las especies: Astronium graveolens Jacq. y Capparidastrum frondosum (Jacq.) Cornejo & Iltis. La distribución por clases diamétricas y altimétricas presentó un comportamiento de J invertida. Los arbustos representaron el hábito de crecimiento dominante. Attalea butyracea (Mutis ex L.f.) Wess.Boer, Cavanillesia platanifolia (Humb. & Bonpl.) y Sterculia apetala Sterculia apetala (Jacq.) H.Karst. registraron los mayores valores de importancia. Conclusiones: Los bosques estudiados presentaron la composición florística que caracteriza el Bs-T en Colombia. La información obtenida contribuye a la gestión integral del bosque seco en Córdoba.
Are tropical reptiles really declining? A six-year survey of snakes in a tropical coastal rainforest: role of prey and environment
Authors: Barquero González José Pablo , Stice Tracie L. , Gómez Gianfranco , Monge-Nájera Julián
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Even though snake declines seem to be a reality in many parts of the world, some reports are based on anecdotal evidence and there is a need of prolonged and intensive studies, especially in the tropics, for corroboration. Objective: To investigate if snake populations in Drake Bay are decreasing, and if there is a relationship with prey, time, temperature, rain and moonlight. Methods: We counted snakes seen per hour when walking along a single trail in the coastal forest of Drake Bay, Costa Rica. We walked the trail at night for a total of 842 nights (over 4 000 hours of observations), from 2012 through 2017 and recorded all the individual snakes we could see with head flashlights. We used ANOVA tests to check correlations among counts per hour with moonlight and rain; and graphic analysis for associations with diet, temperature, month and year. Results: We recorded 25 species (five families); which feed mostly on terrestrial vertebrates. Counts per hour have fallen over the years, especially for species that prey on amphibians and reptiles; Mastigodryas melanolomus has remained in similar numbers; and Siphlophis compressus has not been seen since May 2016. Temperature is relatively constant along the year in Drake, but month strongly affected the counts, which increased from August to September. Most species were seen more often in rainy nights (0.11 per hour versus only 0.03 per hour in nights without rain, ANOVA P < 0.05); we saw less Leptodeira septentrionalis on bright nights (0.12 per hour, versus 0.21 per hour in dark nights; ANOVA, P = 0.01), but all other species were unaffected by moonlight (ANOVA, P > 0.05). Conclusion: Night field counts of snakes in Drake Bay, Costa Rica, are not strongly affected by light or temperature, but are lower when there is no rain and show a strong decline from 2012 through 2017, particularly for species that feed on amphibians and reptiles. We have no reason to believe that the decline is an erroneous interpretation or that the snakes moved elsewhere, the decline of snakes in Drake seems to be real and needs attention from the conservation authorities.
Bryophyte community diversity and structure associated with Asplenium auritum fern (Aspleniaceae) in a Brazilian Atlantic forest fragment
Authors: Cifuentes-Garcia Libia Mayerly , Villa Pedro Manuel , Peralta Denilson Fernandes , Schwartsburd Pedro Bond
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Local environmental filters have shown the influence on the bryophyte diversity and structure communities, but there are limited studies that analyze how biotic relationships filters influence these communities. Objective: To evaluate whether the influence of fern Asplenium auritum cover determine changes in species richness and composition of bryophyte communities, in a semideciduous remnant forest, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: We selected one transect of 300 m in each of six areas where Asplenium auritum was present. In all transect we estimated plant cover in 39 10 × 10 cm plots randomly distributed. We compare the estimated species richness and composition of bryophyte between fern coverage levels. Results: We found 60 species in 35 genera and 23 families. Weft and mat were the most represented life-forms. Fern cover had no significant effect on bryophyte species richness and composition. Conclusions: Bryophyte cover appears to improve fern development and promote the coexistence of several bryophyte species. Bryophyte cover probably predicts variations in species richness and drives the species assemblage in this community.
Essential oils biological activity of the Lippia alba (Verbenaceae) shrub
Authors: Ortega Cuadros Mailen , Acosta de Guevara Emma E , Molina Castillo Ailen D , Gutiérrez Castañeda Clara , Castro Amarís Glorismar , Tofiño-Rivera Adriana P
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Lippia alba is an aromatic species belonging to the Verbenaceae family. Its essential oils have been used in different industries, because of its biological properties. Objective: Identify the perspectives of the biotechnological applications of Lippia alba essential oils. Methodology: A scoping review was conducted on the biological activity of Lippia alba essential oils registered until October, 2018 in EBSCO, Embase, Scopus, and Lilacs databases. Results: Chemotypes I and III have been reported for different biological activities from the evaluations performed on microorganisms, fish, arthropods, small mammals, and cell lines; fundamentally associated with antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, antioxidant, and sedative effects, among others. Records focused mainly on the health, fishing industry, and agrifood sectors. Conclusion: Studies on the effect of essential oil are promising, but do not reflect a continuity of the research toward prototypes or finished commercial products. Research groups must unify evaluation methodologies and include in all studies the relationship between phytochemical and biological activity for the meta-analyses to be possible. Likewise, they must join efforts through the National System for Agricultural Innovation (SNIA, for the term in Spanish) to generate finished products that impact upon society and facilitate progress in the country’s bio-economy.
Reflections on crafting an ayahuasca community guide for the awareness of sexual abuse
Authors: Peluso Daniela , Sinclair Emily , Labate Beatriz , Cavnar Clancy
Published: February 2020

This article reflects upon the conception and development of a set of guidelines for the awareness of sexual abuse in ayahuasca settings, an assortment of scenarios that take place in local and global settings entailing the use of a psychedelic brew known for producing visionary and purgative effects composed of Amazonian Banisteriopsis caapi (ayahuasca vine) commonly combined with the leaves of Psychotria viridis (chacruna) or Diplopterys cabrerana (chaliponga). The globalization and diaspora of ayahuasca expertise, usage, and plant materials has broadened the diversity of individual and group interactions and geographical and social contexts in which this hallucinogenic concoction is ingested, and thus given rise to a range of possibilities, which also may, despondently, include possibilities for sexual harassment and abuse. The authors raise the key issues and processes that have led to formation, publication, and dissemination of the Ayahuasca Community Guide for the Awareness of Sexual Abuse of Chacruna Institute for Psychedelic Plant Medicines, focusing specifically on the needs for such guidelines, as well as the challenges faced in collaboratively creating them. The creation of guidelines as an educational task is wrought with concerns, as they must first and foremost convey the fact that abuse is never the victim/survivor’s fault, and yet they must also aim to inform individuals of potential common scenarios that can lead to abuse. In this sense, guidelines themselves are held up to scrutiny, and the process of collaboratively crafting the Chacruna Institute’s Guide for the Awareness of Sexual Abuse has not been an exception.
Fekete-Szegö problem for generalized bi-subordinate functions of complex order
Authors: KAZIMOĞLU Sercan , DENİZ Erhan
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we obtain the Fekete-Szegö inequality for the generalized bi-subordinate functions of complex order. The various results, which are presented in this paper, would generalize those in related works of several earlier authors.******************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Correlation and Reliability of Two Field Tests for Vertical Jump Height
Authors: Lee YongSuk , Min Kyeong Eun , Park Jihong
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVES This study established the relationship and reliability of vertical jump height measurements using both the jump-reach method and the flight-time method.METHODS Sixteen healthy subjects (13 males and 3 females, body mass index: 22.5 kg/m2) visited the laboratory twice with at least two days between visits. During each visit, they performed three successful trials of one- and two-legged maximal vertical jumps on a Vertec jump tester (the jump-reach method). Simultaneously, two digital cameras were videotaped, one for a whole body view and another for a view of the feet (240 frame rate and 1/1000 s shutter speed). Flight-times were measured using a free motion analysis software (Kinovea 0.8.15) and were then inserted into the formula h = t2 × 122.625 to calculate the height. To determine if the jump values from each method were correlated, average values from the three trials for both jump methods were analyzed using Pearson correlation and simple linear regression tests. To establish a within- and between-session reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated.RESULTS Assessed vertical jump heights using the two methods were highly correlated with each other (r values ranged between 0.86 and 0.93 with p<0.0001 for all tests) and showed high reliability (ICC values ranged between 0.73 and 0.99 for all tests).CONCLUSIONS Vertical jump heights assessed by the two field tests were highly correlated and consistent. Although the flight-time method calculates less jump heights, the underestimated amount can be estimated by the established equations. We suggest that athletes and coaches use either technique in the field in consideration of advantages for each method.
Planning for Hybrid Systems via Satisfiability Modulo Theories
Authors: Cashmore Michael , Magazzeni Daniele , Zehtabi Parisa
Published: February 2020

Planning for hybrid systems is important for dealing with real-world applications, and PDDL+ supports this representation of domains with mixed discrete and continuous dynamics. In this paper we present a new approach for planning for hybrid systems, based on encoding the planning problem as a Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) formula. This is the first SMT encoding that can handle the whole set of PDDL+ features (including processes and events), and is implemented in the planner SMTPlan. SMTPlan not only covers the full semantics of PDDL+, but can also deal with non-linear polynomial continuous change without discretization. This allows it to generate plans with non-linear dynamics that are correct-by-construction. The encoding is based on the notion of happenings, and can be applied on domains with nonlinear continuous change. We describe the encoding in detail and provide in-depth examples. We apply this encoding in an iterative deepening planning algorithm. Experimental results show that the approach dramatically outperforms existing work in finding plans for PDDL+ problems. We also present experiments which explore the performance of the proposed approach on temporal planning problems, showing that the scalability of the approach is limited by the size of the discrete search space. We further extend the encoding to include planning with control parameters. The extended encoding allows the definition of actions to include infinite domain parameters, called control parameters. We present experiments on a set of problems with control parameters to demonstrate the positive effect they provide to the approach of planning via SMT.
Effect of laboratory aging on chemistry and rheology of crumb rubber modified bitumen
Authors: Wang Haopeng , Liu Xueyan , Apostolidis Panos , van de Ven Martin , Erkens Sandra , Skarpas Athanasios
Published: February 2020

Aging during construction and in-service substantially changes the chemical composition and physical properties of bitumen thereof influences the performance of asphalt pavements. The modification of bitumen by crumb rubber modifier (CRM) significantly increases the complexity of the aging mechanism and is expected to improve the aging resistance of bitumen. This study aims to investigate the effects of laboratory short-term and long-term aging on the chemistry and rheology of crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB). Neat bitumen and CRMB with four different CRM contents were studied. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and dynamic shear rheometer were employed to measure the change in the chemical composition and rheological properties of binders at different aging states. Bitumen hardening, which was rheologically revealed by the frequency sweep and multiple creep recovery test results, was also reflected in the growth of carbonyl and sulfoxide functional groups. In addition, the aliphaticity and aromaticity indices of binders before and after aging were also investigated. CRMB binders showed improved aging resistance compared to neat bitumen as reflected by the decreased carbonyl and sulfoxide indices as well as the lower change in rheological parameters. Higher resistance against aging was achieved when increasing the CRM content. The results also highlight the correlation between chemistry and rheology of bitumen. Among six selected mechanical parameters of binder, the non-recoverable creep compliance and percent recovery show better correlations with the combined chemical aging index (sum of carbonyl and sulfoxide indices) than the parameters derived from the linear viscoelastic region.
The Impact of Anlotinib on Brain Metastases of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Post Hoc Analysis of a Phase III Randomized Control Trial (ALTER0303)
Authors: Jiang Shunjun , Liang Hengrui , Liu Zhichao , Zhao Shen , Liu Jun , Xie Zhanhong , Wang Wei , Zhang Yalei , Han Baohui , He Jianxing , Liang Wenhua
Published: February 2020

Background

Anlotinib has been shown to prolong progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Herein we sought to analyze the effect of anlotinib in managing brain metastases (BM) and its brain-associated toxicities.

Methods

The PFS and OS of anlotinib versus placebo in those with and without BM recorded at baseline were calculated and compared respectively. Time to brain progression (TTBP), a direct indicator of intracranial control, was also compared between anlotinib and placebo. All calculations were adjusted for confounding factors, including stage, histology, driver mutation type, and therapy history.

Results

A total of 437 patients were included; 97 cases were recorded with BM at baseline. For patients with BM at baseline, anlotinib was associated with longer PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15–0.56) and OS (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.42–1.12), presenting similar extent of improvement in those without BM (PFS: HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.24–0.45; OS: HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.50–0.91). Specifically, the intracranial objective response rate was 14.3% and the disease control rate was 85.7% in patients with BM who were treated with anlotinib. Anlotinib was associated with longer TTBP (HR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.03–0.41; p = .001) despite all confounders. Additionally, anlotinib was associated with more neural toxicities (18.4% vs. 8.4%) and psychological symptoms (49.3% vs. 35.7%) but not with infarction or cerebral hemorrhage.

Conclusion

Anlotinib can benefit patients with advanced NSCLC with BM and is highly potent in the management of intracranial lesions. Its special effect on BM and cerebral tissue merits further investigation. (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02388919).
Biomathematical modelling for managing worker fatigue in civil engineering
Authors: Pilkington-Cheney Fran , Filtness Ashleigh , Jones Wendy , Maynard Sally , Gibb Alistair , Haslam Roger
Published: February 2020

Worker fatigue is an important risk factor in civil engineering and construction projects, particularly when night-time shift working is required. It is a significant cause of accidents and negatively affects health and well-being. Biomathematical models can be used to assess and reduce fatigue risk. Research funded by Tideway, the company delivering London’s Thames Tideway Tunnel, was carried out to explore the current use and knowledge of such models in tunnelling, and to produce guidance on how the models can be used for fatigue management within the wider construction industry. The research identified limitations in how the tunnelling sector currently applies fatigue modelling. Knowledge and understanding of the models need to increase throughout construction for them to be effective and used appropriately. It is also important for an industry consensus on acceptable fatigue risk to be reached.
Modelling the Inactivation and Possible Regrowth of Salmonella enterica Treated with Chlorophyllin-Chitosan Complex and Visible Light
Authors: Rodríguez-López María Isabel , Gómez-López Vicente M. , Lukseviciute Viktorija , Luksiene Zivile
Published: February 2020

The study focuses on predictive modelling of inactivation of Salmonella enterica after treatment with chlorophyllin-chitosan complex and visible light. Salmonella cells were incubated with chlorophyllin-chitosan complex (0.001 % chlorophyllin and 0.1 % chitosan) for different times (5-60 min) and then illuminated with visible light (λ=405 nm, He=38 J/cm2). Inactivation curves and post-treatment regrowth curves were built based on microbiological viability tests and data were fitted to ten inactivation and two regrowth models. The photoactivated complex reduced Salmonella population, which were unable to regrow. Weibull and Baranyi models were the best to describe the inactivation and regrowth kinetics respectively. In conclusion, data from the kinetic analysis and predictive modelling confirmed that photoactivated chlorophyllin-chitosan complex is a promising non-thermal approach for inactivation of Gram-negative pathogens, since no bacterial regrowth after treatment has been predicted.
Orígenes y evolución de la subversión y la contrainteligencia en el Perú, 1958-2015
Authors: Gómez de la Torre Rotta Andrés , Medrano Carmona Arturo
Published: February 2020

El accionar de la subversión en el Perú y el rol de las Fuerzas Armadas para combatirla, con base en la escuela francesa antisubversiva, se desarrollaron en un contexto de ausencia del Estado en las zonas más empobrecidas, donde cada bando se disputaba ganarse a la población. El objetivo de este artículo es adentrarse en los orígenes, la formación y la influencia militar francesa de la contrainteligencia peruana, para comprender su accionar en ese contexto. A través de una investigación cualitativa, con base en un enfoque histórico, se busca comprender el accionar de la contrainteligencia peruana y establecer los orígenes y la evolución de la subversión en el país –dirigida a ganarse a la población para fomentar el terrorismo– al igual que cómo se plasmó esto en la doctrina primigenia de contrainteligencia. Parte fundamental de la investigación son los datos sobre contrainteligencia contenidos en el Informe Final de la Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación. Las conclusiones plantean la relación entre los orígenes subversivos, la doctrina y las excusas del terrorismo, de Walzer, por lo cual este estudio constituye un asidero importante para próximas investigaciones.
 
Abstract
The actions of subversion in Peru and the role of the Armed Forces to combat them based on the French anti-subversive school developed in a context of absence from the State in the most impoverished areas, where each side disputed to win over the population. The objective of this article is to delve into the origins, training and French military influence of the Peruvian counterintelligence and understand its actions in that context. Through a qualitative research, based on a historical approach, we seek to understand the actions of the Peruvian counterintelligence and establish the origins and evolution of subversion in the country -directed at gaining the population to promote terrorism- as well as how this was embodied in the original counterintelligence doctrine. A fundamental part of this investigation is the data regarding counterintelligence contained in the Final Report of the Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación. The conclusions point out the relationship between the subversive origins, the doctrine and the excuses of terrorism, by Walzer. The study is an important support for further investigations.
Development Study of Academic Resilience Scale for Gifted Young Scientists Education
Authors: ZULFİKAR Zulfikar , HIDAYAH Nur , TRIYONO Triyono , HITIPEUW İmanuel
Published: February 2020

Heretofore, there are still limitations of instruments to measure student academic resilience scale of senior high school, especially in Indonesia. Thus, there is a need of an excellent academic resilience scale instrument design. This article aims to evaluate construct validity and instrument reliability of an academic resilience scale instrument. It is designed to collect senior high school students’ academic resilience levels. The developed academic resilience scale could be used by gifted young scientists. The conducted evaluation procedure is construct validity through Exploration Factor Analysis (EFA). The instrument was tested for 181 senior high school students. The analysis results were obtained from 22 of 24 question items which met requirements of academic resilience construct representations. self-efficacy, control, plan, low anxiety, and diligence. The reliability test was Split-Half Method with coefficient 0.723, meaning that the instrument is reliable. The academic resilience score could be used as data collection instrument or need assessment.
Zeiss AxioImager Multi Channel 20X Image Capture v1
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: February 2020

This protocol describes the capture of 20X multi-channel images using human and mouse tissue.
Human Neurosurgical Tissue Processing v1
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: February 2020

This protocol describes the procedure for receiving human surgical tissue, followed by trimming, mounting, embedding, and slicing under sterile conditions in order to produce tissue suitable for both slice culture as well as acute slice electrophysiology recording.
Patch-Seq Recording and Extraction v1
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: February 2020

This protocol describes the process to obtain electrophysiological recordings and cellular contents from neurons in postnatal mouse and/or human brain slices.
Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid VIII (ACSF.VIII) v1
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: February 2020

This protocol describes how to make Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid VIII (ACSF.VIII). ACSF.VIII is used for multiple applications including incubation of fresh human brain slices prior to electrophysiological recording.
Water Management in the Media and Research: Dissemination in Catalonia and Its Capture by Private Companies
Authors: Jorda-Capdevila Dí­dac , Canals Casals Lluc
Published: February 2020

As a vital resource for human well-being, drinking water is considered a public good worldwide. However, big companies are sometimes in charge of its management leading to an interested distribution of benefits. One of the mechanisms of power that these private companies employ to retain access to water management is the control of the dissemination of information. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of big companies on the dissemination of water management in Catalonia by focusing on two groups of actors: general public and experts. Accordingly, we analyse the association of big companies with mass media and research institutions. First, we scrutinise local newspapers for the period 2010-2016 to compile news about water management and companies whose activity is related to water. We found some interesting correlations between the amount and subject of news, the editorial lines and relevant facts. Second, we search scientific articles about water management written by authors from Catalan research institutions. We analyse the production, research topic and funding. In this sense, we found that technological centres are the most funded by private companies and that public funding is more related to topics related to the ecosystem functioning.Â
The Principle of Priority of Public Interests in Financial Activity of the State: In Search for a Compromise
Authors: Yadrikhinskiy S. A.
Published: February 2020

The paper examines one of the key problems in financial relations, namely: how to ensure the balance between private and public interests as values protected under the Constitution. Taking into account the modern constitutional axiology (Article 2 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation), the principle of priority of public interests, which has already been settled in the doctrine, is subjected to critical analysis. The author concludes that the priority of public interest and its perception as a methodological framework, in fact, does not promote and even impedes the development of relationships in the system “a taxpayer — the State” based on the principles of open cooperation and trust. The priority of one interest over another does not comply with the requirement of their equilibrium. On the basis of the analysis of the practice of constitutional justice, the author concludes that it is necessary to shift the values and rethink the former statist scientific views. The author substantiates an egalitarian approach that takes into account both private and public interests as equally important legal values and provides for dialogue and mutual respect between the taxpayer and the state.
Analysis of the timing and delivery methods, clinical and laboratory indicators of hiv-infected pregnant women in Saint Petersburg
Authors: Mozaleva Olga L. , Samarina Anna V.
Published: February 2020

Assessing the timing and delivery methods, clinical and laboratory indicators of HIV-infected pregnant women is important for organizing effective care for this group of patients and further reducing the frequency of perinatal transmission of HIV infection. In 20142017, in Saint Petersburg, there were 2,524 childbirths in HIV-infected women, who were observed during pregnancy mainly in the Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases (AIDS Center). The average frequency of perinatal HIV transmission in the city over the study period was 1.3%, which is lower than the average for Russia (2.5%). A retrospective and prospective analysis of 1,858 medical records of HIV-infected women observed during pregnancy at the AIDS Center in 20142017 was performed. An annual decrease in the proportion of chronic viral hepatitis C coinfection was found, which was proportional to a decrease in parenteral HIV transmission in the study group. Due to the increase in HIV testing coverage, the frequency of detection of infections in pregnant women in antenatal clinics during registration was reduced. This allows conducting a thorough examination, counseling and a timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy planning. The vast majority of HIV-infected women are committed to follow-up in medical facilities during pregnancy, to receive antiretroviral prophylaxis (ARP) and, as a result, to give birth to a healthy child. The rate of preterm birth among HIV-infected women is higher than in HIV-seronegative women. This determines the timely initiation of ARP/ART during pregnancy for prevention of preterm delivery. The proportion of births through the birth canal increases annually, but the operative delivery rate remains above the population.
Features of the placenta structure in post-term pregnancy
Authors: Burkitova Ainura M. , Polyakova Victoria O. , Bolotskikh Vyacheslav M. , Kvetnoy Igor M.
Published: February 2020

This review deals with the formation and structure of the placenta in the full-term gestational period and during post-term gestation. The results of various morphological and immunohistochemical studies are analyzed, highlighting changes in the placenta during post-term gestation and the role of expression of immunohistochemical markers, such as CD34, NO synthase, and collagen.
Squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix: a modern view of etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis
Authors: Zhukova Anna B.
Published: February 2020

Squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix are one of the most common pathologies of the female reproductive system, mainly affecting patients of reproductive age. The progression of this pathology can result in the development of cervical cancer. As a rule, cervical cancer does not occur immediately, but develops over a long period of time, going through a series of stages. Dynamic monitoring and identification of squamous intraepithelial lesions progression markers are necessary to prevent the development of cervical cancer. The article presents current data on the etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of this pathology.
Australian cinema: transforming youth issues over time
Authors: Zvegintseva Irina A.
Published: February 2020

Long ago, Australian filmmakers discovered that it was the issues of universal interest that could ensure worldwide success of their films. One of such issues was the leftwing youth protests expressing the unwillingness of the young people to live according to the rules of the older generation. These protests peaked in the late 1960s and immediately found their way onto the screen. The importance of the problem ensured an almost inevitable international success of the films which dealt with those events.
Yet there was another reason for the close attention paid by Australian filmmakers to the May 1968 events. Many of them (including the authors of the analyzed films) matured during those tempestuous years. Like many young people in Europe, they were fed up with the hypocrisy and lies of the older generation. They wanted to believe that changes were about to come. What interests the filmmakers of today is not so much the leftist movement itself or the revolt of the young against the society of their fathers but the results which transpired twenty years after the events, following the disillusionment and the shipwreck of youthful hopes. Some found solace in conformism and indifference, others in despair and nihilism.
But luckily the filmmakers saw a third path: that of love and care for the destitute; and, by consequence, that of the belief in the coming changes for the better.
System of audiovisual content distribution with application of digital technologies
Authors: Levanskaya Elizaveta Stanislavovna
Published: February 2020

Distribution of audiovisual content endures great recesses today. Within the development of digital technologies new ways of distribution are used more and more oten. Internet, IPTV, mobile services not only expand possibilities of quick content delivery, but also open new perspectives of distribution, provide additional opportunities of sales and profit for producers and distributors. Success of several projects can already provide guidance on what to expect in future, and confirms necessity of new mechanisms and business - models of distribution.
Economics of film production in science and education
Authors: Ogurchikov P. K. , Sidorenko V. I.
Published: February 2020

Economics of film production in science and education
About dubbing foreign ilms
Authors: ROUSSINOVA ELENA Anatol'evna
Published: February 2020

In overwhelming majority of cases the most part of distributed foreign movies are dubbed for Russian Federation. However the audience has the expirience of watching dubbed screen versions, while professionals and small part of cinema-goes criticize the quality of dubbing for modern foreign movies. One of the negative reason is baneful influence, destruction of director idea and crippling the film. The aim of dubbing companies is searching for the shit of meaning from one cultural language to another, i.e. realization of the process at intercultural level. By now this phenomenon has been used for leading the consciousness of audience
VR technologies in docudrama
Authors: Stezhko Natalia G.
Published: February 2020

The essay explores the implementation of VR technologies in film production, a development due to which audio-visual content, which is in high demand both in television and on the Internet, has taken a new direction, and which is a topical issue in contemporary film studies. VR technologies allow the viewer who sits on a swivel chair and wears a VR-helmet incorporating 360-degree rotating LCD monitors to watch different areas of action.
A characteristic feature of VR content is a multi-sensory experience including sight, hearing, smell and touch. VR creates a digital reality with maximum sensory immersion. VR is different from cinema, theatre and 3D technologies: here the deception takes place not only at eye level but also at cerebral level.
The essay argues that the use of VR technology is particularly successful in the genre of docudrama. A vivid confirmation of this argument is The Hermitage VR. An Immersion Into History (Russia,18 minutes). In this film, the dual nature of docudrama, which combines various elements of documentary and fiction cinema, allows to recreate historical eras, with the viewer becoming a witness to unique historic events. The films director Mikhail Antykov tells the history of the Hermitage Museum in a spectacular form, making the viewer empathize with the events they see through their VR glasses. The powerful artistic image is enhanced by the excellent acting of Konstantin Khabensky in the role of a mystical museum guide. Via facial expressions, gestures and gait, the actor conveys the emotions of a person walking through museum halls. Thoughtful re-enactment scenes representing various historical epochs, augmented by unusual camera angles, inventive lighting and music score, create a metaphor for time and give the viewer an illusion of participation in the unfolding events.
Identifying the latest trends in film production, the essay demonstrates that VR technologies continue the evolution of screen arts which possess the potential to transform into an independent and profitable industry similar to traditional cinema. The author concludes that an increased interest in a national culture, little-known facts of history and the general historical heritage of a nation is a fertile source of content for the producers of VR-docudramas.
The ‘hero archetype’ in the neo-mythological context of contemporary screen culture
Authors: Stroeva Olesya V.
Published: February 2020

The essay examines the image of the hero in the contemporary neo-mythological field of mass screen culture. The author identifies the main features of the hero archetype and the core cultural meanings forming this concept and analyzes images of the neo-mythological heroes of our time, taking examples of mass cinema and authorial cinema and revealing differences between these two categories. According to the author, mass culture creates the hero model according to the principle of bricolage, remaining within the framework of the Christian eschatological paradigm and synthesizing it with scientific and technical progress or other elements but not reproducing the structure of the archaic myth. When the stereotype of happy ending replaces tragedy, it completely changes the true archetype of the hero more characteristic of art-house or authorial cinema. Examining the films of Jim Jarmusch and Alejandro Gonzlez Irritu, the author analyzes the method of deconstruction in authorial cinema, a cinema which seeks to reveal the meanings of the archaic hero archetype. If mass cinema acts within the simulacrum system without transcending its limits endlessly repeating the same models and often using only superficial formal properties authorial cinema tries to explode the structure in such a way as to widen the boundaries of the senses or to discover them under the layers of simulacra. Thus, screen culture has the characteristics of a neo-mythology, forming the neo-myth and developing its elements and structures, producing a stream of neo-mythological images in the media landscape. The conglomerate of various structural elements borrowed from different traditions fully reflects the postmodern situation that turns symbols and archetypes into a set of simulacra. The era of postmodernism is a stage in the development of culture characterized by the problem of the impossibility of creating anything new. Postmodernism is a creative crisis which leads to excessive visuality and, paradoxically, to visualitys death.
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Authors: Edition Journal
Published: February 2020

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Modern art history as a human science in a situation of cultural turn
Authors: Khrenov Nikolai A.
Published: February 2020

Intensive development of knowledge in the 20th century, including the emergence of new sciences and humanities, constantly creates a problematic situation in the sphere of art, shifting arts designation to what in the philosophy of science is known as normal science. This is associated with the idea of art as a science that has reached a stage of maturity and consistency and, therefore, complies with its norms. The concept of art as normal science is characterized by a certain degree of conservatism, as it presupposes arts self-protection against deviations from the established methodology.
However, sometimes the artistic processes of modernity require different approaches. In addition, the emergence of new humanities shifts the already established methodology of art. This happened in the first decades of the 20th century, in the era of a linguistic turn in the humanities, indicating the invasion of natural sciences in the humanities; and this is happening today, at the turn of the 21st century, in a situation of a cultural turn, the emergence and intensive development of the science of culture. The current turn requires a deeper understanding of the structure and components of art history, i.e., its sub-disciplines: art history, art theory and art criticism.
The essay argues that in the situation of cultural turn the theory of art can carry out functions which the other two sub-disciplines cannot. It propounds that art theory is able to make a decisive contribution to the elucidation of two problems: the relationship between art and cultural studies and the problem of historical time, which is important both for contemporary art and for art history.