bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 ARTIC v4.1 Illumina library construction and sequencing protocol - tailed method v2
Authors: Pipelines R&D DNA , Rajan Diana , Dawson Emma , Shirley Lesley , Quail Michael , Park Naomi , F Bronner Iraad , Goodwin Scott , Thurston Scott , K. Jackson David
Published: March 2022

This SOP describes the procedure for generating cDNA from SARS-CoV-2 viral nucleic acid extracts and subsequently producing 400nt amplicons tiling the viral genome using V4.1 nCov-2019 primers (ARTIC) in multiplex PCR. Illumina-compatible sequencing libraries are then made directly from these amplicons in a second PCR step, obviating the need for conventional library preparation. The products of these PCRs are then equivolume pooled and quantitated, prior to sequencing on the Illumina NovaSeq. It is an adaptation of the COVID-19 ARTIC v3 amplicon protocol which can be found here: https://www.protocols.io/view/covid-19-artic-v3-illumina-library-construction-an-bibtkann Both the above protocols were adapted from the nCov-2019 sequencing protocol: https://www.protocols.io/view/ncov-2019-sequencing-protocol-bbmuik6w
Wastewater QC workflow in GalaxyTrakr (SSQuAWK3) v2
Authors: Amirzadegan Jasmine , Kayikcioglu Tunc , not provided hugh.rand , Timme Ruth , Balkey Maria
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE: Step-by-step instructions for checking sequence quality for SARS-CoV-2 wastewater samples using SSQuAWK3: SARS - CoV - 2 Sequence Quality Assurance Workflow and Kontraption, version 3. The SSQuAWK3 workflow, implemented in CFSAN's custom Galaxy instance (GalaxyTrakr) will produce quality assessments for raw reads (Illumina MiSeq paired-end fastq files). SCOPE: This protocol covers the following tasks: 1. Set up an account in GalaxyTrakr 2. Create a new history 3. Upload data and reference files 4. Execute the SSQuAWK3 workflow 5. Interpret the results Protocol and SSQuAWK workflow version history: Protocol V1, SSQuAWK version 1: Basic protocol steps with screenshots Protocol V2, SSQuAWK version 1: Addition of a detailed 12 minute video tutorial Protocol V3, SSQuAWK version 2: Addition of 5 new genome mapping metrics Protocol V4 SSQuAWK version 3: Metrics now reported with fewer softwares, fewer underlying GalaxyTrakr jobs,and about 50% fewerunderlying GalaxyTrakr steps. Cleaner output table formats now include QC placeholder columns for SRA metadata template.
Etnografía y espacio. Tránsitos conceptuales y desafíos del hacer
Authors:   Universidad de Antioquia, Quiceno Toro Natalia , Echeverri Zuluaga Jonathan ,   Universidad de Antioquia
Published: March 2022

La etnografía no puede comprenderse como una suma de herramientas que se aplican en un espacio dado, donde hay unos sujetos que son considerados fuentes de información o “ejemplares” de modos de vida; por el contrario, esta permite acompañar procesos, dinámicas, relaciones, seguir personas, materiales, infraestructuras. Es en esas trayectorias donde la experiencia es el principal camino para el aprendizaje. Una etnografía en relación con el espacio no es, pues, una etnografía de espacios dados, territorios estáticos, materialidades, artefactos ya hechos, más bien es la posibilidad de ver cómo son producidos por sujetos y a su vez producen sujetos colectivos, relaciones, sociedades. Seguir las prácticas, procesos, conexiones y movimientos que le dan existencia a esas entidades es el reto de las apuestas etnográficas que conforman este libro.
Collective Housing in Belgium and the Netherlands: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: De Vos Els , Spoormans Lidwine
Published: March 2022

Collective housing (CH) is undergoing a revival in Belgium. Since 2009, the Flemish Government Architect and his team have been advocating CH, stressing its importance as a task for architects given the demand for affordable housing and the need to reduce the environmental impact of housing. This support for CH has converged with the work of the non-profit citizen organization Samenhuizen (“Living together”) and the ad hoc initiatives taken by individual households and architects. In the Netherlands too, where there is a longer tradition of CH, the phenomenon is once more on the rise because of the housing crisis. As it is a developing topic, the terminology used for CH is also evolving. Drawing on publications on the subject in both Belgium and the Netherlands as well as on interviews with relevant stakeholders, this article sheds light on two widely published cases in both countries (pioneering and current, greenfield and conversion). These cases are compared in regard to thematic areas, based on an extensive literature study on collaborative housing by Lang et al. (2018). In addition to such aspects as the balance between “individuality” and the “collective,” we compare the role played by architects in both countries. Besides similarities, we show that the historical context, and especially the housing policy of each country, has a great influence and that the role of the architect is essential in the development of older and contemporary cohousing projects.
What’s in the Mix? Mixed-Use Architecture in the Post-World War II Years and Beyond
Authors: Ben-Asher Gitler Inbal
Published: March 2022

Mixed-use housing (MUH) has proliferated in recent years, largely in connection with high-rise mixed-use housing and large urban developments. Whereas housing architecture integrating additional functions has been designed throughout history, post-World War II architects proposed innovative ideas and designs for modern MUH. This article explores MUH of that period as an experiment that articulated urban hierarchies by integrating elements belonging to the different scales of the city into housing plans. I analyze the terminological frameworks proposed by Team 10 in Europe and Denise Scott Brown and Harvey Perloff in the United States, tracing how these evolved into groundbreaking designs that redefined the architecture of MUH. I demonstrate how architects negotiated terms such as “habitat,” which engaged community, as well as “human association” and “urban reidentification” in their practice. Thinking about these terms, I propose accessibility, participation, reuse, and diversity in formal design as elements from the recent past that can provide tools for rethinking present and future MUH.
Brutalism and Community in Middle Class Mass Housing: Be’eri Estate, Tel Aviv, 1965–Present
Authors: Allweil Yael , Zemer Noa
Published: March 2022

Fostering functioning, place-based communities has been a major concern in architecture and planning circles since the mid-1950s revolving the issue of habitat. Using the ethics of European New Brutalism, in Israel the architectural discourse locally developed a Team 10 critique of CIAM, addressing community as the main challenge of modern housing. The failure of modern mass housing to foster viable communities is associated with, and arguably triggered by, the global shift from state-sponsored to market housing that began in the 1970s. Increasing neoliberal policies, which address housing as economic investment, further strip housing off its social role as the site for collectivity and identity. These policies sideline community in housing design. Challenging these assumptions, this study focuses on the socio-spatial dynamics of Beit Be’eri, a single-shared New Brutalist housing estate built in 1965 in Tel Aviv. Marking the beginning of the end of the Israeli welfare state, this estate was produced in the open market explicitly for well-to-do bureaucrats, civil servants, and professionals. Nevertheless, it uses the architectural and urban manifestations of New Brutalism associated with the earlier period of Brutalist state housing. The estate is cooperatively managed since its opening. It consists of a local interpretation of Team 10’s call to plan the city as a big house, the house as a small city. Although its cooperative management provokes ongoing inter-resident struggles over its shared spaces, Be’eri represents a long-lasting community, fifty-years strong. Be’eri estate forms a perplexing community, where residents’ individual ownership and middle-class identities clash in intricate practices of shared estate management. Based on archival, ethnographic, and architectural field research, this article unravels values of identity and senses of belonging that the brutalist estate provides to its residents. Fostering a critical view of the notion of community, it also examines the residents’ persistence in the context of a neoliberal housing bubble. This article portrays how the building allows for shared management of the large estate, shaping and consolidating an active community built upon every-day struggles over shared spaces. Applying Anderson’s powerful idea of the imagined community as a cultural product, we ask: Is the strong sense of collectivity in Be’eri imagined? If so, how do these imagined communities form? Upon what are they grounded? How do the intricate practices managing the estate shape its persistent middle-class identity?
Modelos baseados no uso
Authors: Da Cunha Maria Angélica Furtado , Oliveira Ana Larissa Adorno Marciotto
Published: March 2022

Com o objetivo de traçar um perfil das pesquisas mais recentes orientadas por modelos baseados no uso, este artigo reúne trabalhos fundamentados em dados empíricos, principalmente no âmbito de dois projetos principais: Grupo D&G (Discurso de Gramática -UFRN/UFRJ/UFF) e Projeto CAPB (Corpus Acadêmico do Português Brasileiro – UFMG/UFV). Na tentativa de mostrar a proeminência dessa linha de pesquisa, principalmente no que concerne à formação de pesquisadores de alto nível, as pesquisas aqui reunidas dialogam entre si, assinalando a relevância dos resultados encontrados em Português Brasileiro, e também apontando um crescimento importante e substancial no campo do discurso e da gramática funcional no país.
conceito de ‘construção’ e a prática de reflexão linguística no ensino de língua materna
Authors: Gil Maitê Moraes , Siqueira Maity
Published: March 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma proposta sobre a intersecção do conceito de ‘construção’, proposto pela Gramática Cognitiva, com a prática de reflexão linguística em aulas de língua materna, alinhada a uma abordagem de uso da língua. Para tanto, apresenta-se uma breve revisão dos conceitos pertinentes para o diálogo proposto e, em seguida, desenvolve-se uma análise de caso. São analisadas construções com verbos de movimento (‘ir’, ‘vir’ e ‘chegar’) seguidos pelas preposições ‘a’, ‘em’ e ‘para’, a partir da identificação e da descrição de tais construções no Corpus TecEM, composto por textos escritos por alunos de Ensino Médio em suas aulas de língua portuguesa. Argumenta-se que o conceito de ‘construção’ na perspectiva teórica adotada informa e instrumentaliza a prática de reflexão linguística que parte da compreensão de que a significação extrapola o nível do item lexical, estando presente, inclusive, na estrutura sintática. Por fim, são destacadas as potencialidades e os desafios relacionados à inclusão do conceito de ‘construção’, associado aos construtos teóricos basilares da Linguística Cognitiva, em práticas didáticas no ensino de língua materna.
rede construcional [[para lá de] [X]] no português do século XXI
Authors: De Oliveira Mariangela Rios , De Paula Vanessa Barbosa
Published: March 2022

Este artigo levanta, descreve e analisa, em termos formais e funcionais, instâncias dos subesquemas que integram a rede construcional [[para lá de] [X]] no português contemporâneo do Brasil (PB) e de Portugal (PE), mais especificamente do século XXI. Destaca-se a gradiência e os níveis de intersubjetividade distintos que marcam a referida rede. Com base em fundamentos teóricos funcionalistas vinculados à abordagem construcional da gramática, a partir de Traugott e Trousdale (2013), Hilper (2014) e Diessel (2017; 2019), entre outros, a pesquisa, em análise qualiquantitativa, conforme Cunha Lacerda (2016), concentra-se em dados coletados no Corpus do Português/Web Dialetos. Constata-se que, no português do século XXI: a) [[para lá de] [X]] se distribui em diferentes pareamentos de forma e sentido, formando uma rede de construções interconectadas vertical e horizontalmente com base em subesquemas forjados por meio de processos graduais de mudança linguística; b) esse esquema maior distribui-se em quatro subesquemas, e três destes, por sua vez, também são passíveis de subcategorização; c) tal rede construcional apresenta produtividade relativa na língua e demonstra que a gradiência exibida na sincronia atual está associada a contextos de emergência da construção de grau intensivo [[para lá de] [X]], bem como a mudanças que ocorrem pós-construcionalização, incrementando a rede de construções da língua.
domínio da concessão
Authors: Cezario Maria Maura , Silva Thiago dos Santos , Sant’anna Juliana
Published: March 2022

O artigo trata de uma análise de três construções similares na forma e na função: as orações adverbiais iniciadas por ainda que, mesmo que e se bem que, que tradicionalmente são consideradas orações adverbiais concessivas. A partir do princípio da não-sinonímia (GOLDBERG, 1995), considera-se, nesta pesquisa, que tais construções, embora sejam do mesmo domínio semântico, apresentam diferenças contextuais. A partir de um conjunto de fatores linguísticos, comparam-se os usos de orações adverbiais iniciadas por esses conectivos. O trabalho utiliza os pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso (LFCU), que considera, em suas análises, os pressupostos funcionalistas norte-americanos, a abordagem construcionista baseada no uso e ainda outras abordagens, como a da sociolinguística variacionista. A nossa pesquisa, voltada para questões sincrônicas, busca verificar as motivações para os usos de construções adverbiais com valor básico concessivo. O modelo construcional que instancia as cláusulas adverbiais é [CONECT (S) V (C)]CLÁUSULA ADVERBIAL. A pesquisa baseou-se na coleta e na análise de trezentos dados de construções oracionais adverbiais, sendo cem iniciadas com ainda que, cem com mesmo que e cem com se bem que, todos os dados extraídos da aba Web do Corpus do Português. A partir de um conjunto de fatores linguísticos, o trabalho se volta para a questão da variação, sobretudo no que se refere à análise das relações horizontais entre subesquemas. Os principais resultados apontam para diferenças nos usos principalmente em decorrência da maior ou menor subjetividade e da maior ou menor força de articulação de cada subesquema oracional e oração matriz.
The Participation and Planning of the Instruction Competencies of Teacher Candidates in the Blended Curriculum Development in Education Course
Authors: OZUDOGRU Melike
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to predict the final test scores of teacher candidates through the lesson plan grades, the number of reflections on the discussion board, and the scores obtained from the perception of proficiency in planning the instruction scale in the blended Curriculum Development in Education course and consequently. This study was designed according to a relational survey research design and included 147 teacher candidates. In the study, data were collected through lesson plans, the number of reflections on the discussion board, final test scores, and the perception of proficiency in planning the instruction scale and analyzed using the Multiple Linear Regression analyzes. This study found positive and significant correlations among the final grades of teacher candidates, their lesson plan grades, the number of their reflections on the discussion board, and the perceived proficiency of teacher candidates in the planning the instruction scale. However, only the grades of the teacher candidates obtained from lesson plans significantly predicted the achievement of teacher candidates. It might be inferred that as teacher candidates participated in online discussions, they learned the subjects deeply, prepared better plans, and obtained higher grades in terms of both preparing lesson plans and final test.
La autoconservación del Estado como principio del derecho internacional y de la política exterior en Hermann Heller
Authors: Fraile Nicolás
Published: March 2022

Este artículo tiene como objetivo establecer un diálogo entre los tratados jurídico-políticos y los escritos de política exterior de Hermann Heller. Tras constatar que existe un equívoco entre sus intérpretes relativo al carácter nacionalista o cosmopolita de su obra, tomamos como clave de lectura la noción de «autoconservación» para demostrar que existe en la obra de aquel autor una particular síntesis de ambos caracteres que se expresa en una concepción informada por el estatalismo jurídico-político y por el cooperativismo internacional. Para esto, dividimos nuestro trabajo en tres partes. En la primera, reconstruimos su concepción del derecho internacional a través de sus textos Hegel y el pensamiento del Estado nacional de poder en Alemania y La soberanía. En la segunda, en cambio, atendemos los señalamientos sobre política exterior que hizo en «¿Política exterior socialista?», «Conversación entre dos amigos de la paz» y Socialismo y nación. Finalmente dedicamos un apartado a la recapitulación de los principales hallazgos del artículo y a la extracción de un conjunto de conclusiones.
De la calle a las instituciones: la evolución del mensaje populista de Podemos (2014-2019)
Authors: Fernández-García Belén , Valencia Saiz Ángel
Published: March 2022

Este artículo de investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la evolución que ha seguido el mensaje populista de Podemos. Para ello, se ha realizado un análisis de contenido de los programas electorales presentados por el partido político desde su fundación en 2014 hasta las elecciones europeas de 2019. Los resultados sugieren que la presencia de elementos populistas en los programas electorales de la formación no sigue una tendencia claramente descendente como consecuencia de la mayor presencia del partido en las instituciones legislativas y ejecutivas del país. No obstante, se ha identificado una evolución del contenido de los mensajes populistas por la cual, a) estos siguen un encuadre más económico que político, y b) el enemigo queda retratado en términos ideológicos, rompiendo así con la estrategia de «desdiferenciación» con la que surgió la formación en sus inicios: «las tres derechas» españolas, el «eje reaccionario» europeo y el neoliberalismo dominante en Europa son identificados ahora como la gran amenaza para los intereses del pueblo, mientras que el PSOE queda configurado como una formación ideológicamente diferenciada. Estos resultados sugieren, por tanto, que el eje nueva/vieja política que irrumpió con fuerza entre 2014 y 2016 podría considerarse eclipsado en la actualidad por los ejes tradicionales de la política española izquierda/derecha y centro/periferia.
La implantación de una Unidad de Manejo de la Vida Silvestre de manglar y la construcción de sujetos ambientales locales en una zona de humedales marino-costeros en el Golfo de México
Authors: Gutiérrez-Campo Rubén , Velázquez-Hernández Emilia
Published: March 2022

This article describes and analyzes the impact of mangrove protection/conservation policies regarding the Alvarado Lagoon System (ALS), in the Gulf Coast of Mexico, specifically the Costa de San Juan ejido, in the municipality of Alvarado, Veracruz. The paper focuses on how the State, with its laws and government programs, generates differentiated changes in the perception and management of the mangrove, and the territorial organization of the ejido. Therefore, we discuss the creation of local environmental subjects in the context of implementing a Wildlife Management Unit as part of the conservation policies of the Mexican State.
Fortaleza, Brasil – um porto afogado na areia (1869-1940)
Authors: Simonini Yuri
Published: March 2022

Fortaleza, capital of Ceará (Brazil) has an unprotected coastal line without a natural port. Since the beginning of the 19th century, the Government and the public considered this an obstacle to the city’s economic development. Therefore, port improvement projects were encouraged and implemented; however, the artificial anchorage construction altered the coastline, had a direct impact on the environment, with rapid silting of the port, and pushed engineers to find alternatives. This article aims to understand the actions taken by engineers regarding their interventions in the port of Fortaleza between 1869- 1940, focusing on the effects and consequences of the techniques and technologies used in this specific physical-geographic space. Envirotech’s theoretical-methodological assumptions, technical and governmental reports, specialized journals, and maps endorse the creation of the port envirotechnical system, not limited to Fortaleza, but to an extended area of hybrid landscape including urban and natural limits with direct impact on the environment.
¿De quién es el páramo de Santurbán? Ancestralidad minera como narrativa de defensa del territorio en el municipio de Vetas, Santander
Authors: Parra-Romero Adela
Published: March 2022

The conflict in Colombia for the defense of the Santurbán moorland against large-scale mining has marked the national discussion on the protection of these ecosystems. In 2014, the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development delimited the ecosystem, and in 2017, the Constitutional Court ordered a new demarcation with the participation of the moorland’s population. Based on a fieldwork carried out between 2016 and 2019, and on an extensive documentary review, this paper analyzes the narrative to defend the municipality of Vetas (the one most affected by the delimitation), based on ancestral mining and the recognition of mining not only as an economic activity, but also as a culture. This paper shows the way in which the narrative produced as a result of the socio-environmental conflict aids to make a social category (ancestral mining), a political subject (ancestral miners), and the negotiation of an ecosystem (alternative demarcation map).
Pensando con la visión ambiental compleja de Julio Carrizosa
Authors: Cajigas Juan Camilo
Published: March 2022

In Latin America, the humanistic thought has seen a diversity of formations seeking to account for current socio-ecological transformations. These kinds of reflections —better known in the region as Latin/South American Environmental Thinking — have focused on critiquing the structural dualisms of modern thought, such as: civilized-savage, mind-body, society-nature. Through this critique, Latin American thinkers have sought to consolidate the project of environmentalizing knowledge, integrating both scientific and non-scientific practices to face the environmental crisis. However, there are very few analyses of the different theoretical contributions that have emerged from the Latin American humanist project, particularly from Colombia. Therefore, this article analyzes the contribution of Julio Carrizosa, focusing on his conceptualization of the Complex Environmental Perspective. Ultimately, the intention is to contribute to the consolidation of a Latin American perspective on environmental humanities.
Linearization of limiters in systems «filter – limiter – filter»
Authors: Ashimov N.М. , Vasin А.S. , Kuzmishchev P.G. , Aparina Yu.P.
Published: March 2022

There are many sets of linear and nonlinear devices in any radio engineering systems contains, they perform such operations with signals as generating electrical oscillations of various shapes, modulation, detection, frequency conversion and performing some other operations on signals, including logical operations that non-operational without which. When the signal and interference interact in nonlinear devices, signal jamming occurs, which is one of the main factors limiting the noise immunity of radio engineering information transmission systems, including radio control lines. The executive device of any types of the radio control lines contains a limiter. An executive device of any types of the radio control lines contains the limiter required. In this case, there is a sufficiently strong suppression of the signal by interference, which leads to a noticeable decrease in the potential and real noise immunity of the control radio line with binary coding during piecemeal processing of binary combination signals in the limiter, which is a classical nonlinear device. Losses in noise immunity can be compensated by switching to processing binary signals as a whole, while the limiter is transferred to the input of the circuit, where it acts as part of the filter – limiter–filter (FLF) system. The paper shows that the limiter operating in the FLF system with bandpass filters behaves like a linear device with all the consequences that follow from this. It is established that at low signal-to-noise ratios in the band of the first filter F1 at the equality takes place, where is the signal-to-noise ratio at the output of the FLF system, which can be interpreted as the linearization of the limiter operating in the FLF system. The results obtained make it possible to use in radio control lines whole processing instead of piecemeal processing of binary signals using a limiter in the FLF system operating in the input circuits of the radio receiver, thereby obtaining a noticeable gain in noise immunity due to the linearization of the limiter works in FLF system.
Pre-operative predictors of difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a comparative study between two scoring systems
Authors: Santharaj Swathi , Marahanumaiah Sudhir
Published: March 2022

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered as the gold standard in treating symptomatic gall bladder disease. It has now become the most common operation performed by general surgeons. At times laparoscopy becomes difficult and may need conversion to open cholecystectomy. Many scoring systems are developed to predict the difficulty of laparoscopic cholecystectomy pre operatively. Our study aims to determine factors predicting difficult cholecystectomy and validate 2 scoring systems i.e., risk score for conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy (RSCLO) vs. new scoring system (NSS).Methods: Patients presenting to Kempegowda institute of medical sciences from January 2014 to August 2015 with symptoms of gall stone disease were screened for cholelithiasis.100 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly selected. Every patient was given pre-operative score, after applying their symptoms to the scoring system and these scores were compared with the intraoperative findings and post-operative outcome. Thereby, calculating the sensitivity and specificity of the scoring systems.Results: On univariate and multivariate logistic regression-BMI>27.5 kg/m2 (p=0.010), Palpable gallbladder (p=0.022), previous hospitalization for acute cholecystitis (p=0.15), Sonology: wall thickness>4 mm (p=0.0015), presence of pericholecystic edema, were found statistically significant. RSCLO system was better in predicting easy cholecystectomy i.e., low risk for conversion, while NSS was better in predicting difficult, very difficult cholecystectomies {converted cases}, its sensitivity being 100%.Conclusions: New scoring system can predict difficult cases reliably. Scoring patients preoperatively can decrease intra-op difficulties. Patients can pre-op be informed about possible risk of conversion to open cholecystectomy.
Evaluation using finite element analysis of three root canal preparation tapers on stresses within the roots
Authors: Reddy Nishita , Santhosh Lekha , Panchajanya Srinivas , Srinivasan Archana
Published: March 2022

The stress distribution on endodontically treated teeth varies with different tapers of root canal preparation and thus the fracture resistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stress distribution on endodontically treated teeth between three different tapers of root canal preparation during simulated application of loads on the teeth. In this study, mandibular incisors with straight and mature canals were chosen, cleaning and shaping was done using Hyflex Nickel Titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments. The enlargement was done till 4%, 6% and 8% for design 1, 2, and 3 respectively following which cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were taken. Three finite element analysis models were designed by using three taper designs of root canal superimposed on the same external morphology of a single mandibular incisor. These generated models were assigned to a total force of 70N and 100N which was applied parallel to the long axis of the tooth and at 45 degrees to the long axis of the tooth respectively. The von Misses stresses (VM) throughout the tooth structures were calculated and compared. The results showed that the peak VM stress on all models were at the site of incisal load points. The area of peri-cervical dentin experienced highest VM stresses in all the three designs. This study concluded that highest enamel stress at the incisal load points was seen in all three canal preparation and with increasing taper of the canal, the VM stresses increased.
Esthetic and functional rehabilitation of mutilated maxillary anterior teeth: A case series
Authors: Majumdar Tushar Kanti , Khatua Moumita , Mazumdar Paromita , Mukherjee Sayantan
Published: March 2022

An endodontically treated anterior tooth requires extracoronal restoration when the tooth structure is weakened or lost due to caries, placement of previous restorations and/or discoloured. The reduced tooth structure makes retention of extracoronal restoration difficult. The purpose of post is to provide retention for the core restoration, which replaces lost coronal structure. This article describes restoration of mutilated maxillary anterior teeth by using cast post and core, followed by porcelain fused to metal restorations.
A comparative study of the effect of topical 0.03% tacrolimus plus 1% topical prednisolone with 1% topical prednisolone alone in preventing rejection after penetrating keratoplasty
Authors: Yadav Priti , Bhaisare Vijay , Rawat Preeti , Walia Shweta , Kori Neetu , Gautam Manushree
Published: March 2022

Immunologic corneal allograft rejection represents one of the main cause for graft failure. This study was conducted to observe and comparing the beneficial effect of topical 0.03% tacrolimus on corneal graft survival.

To compare the effect of topical 0.03% tacrolimus plus 1% topical prednisolone with 1% topical prednisolone alone in preventing rejection after PK.

40 patients were randomly allocated into two groups:

Group A: patients received 0.03% topical tacrolimus ointment twice daily for a month plus 1% prednisolone acetate eye drops 2 hourly and tapered monthly. Group B: patients received 1% prednisolone acetate eye drop only 2 hourly and tapered monthly.

The clinical outcomes were assessed in terms of post-op complications, graft rejection, and visual acuity after 6 months of follow-up.

 SPSS software, 20.0 version, IBM, Chicago were used for statistical analysis.

Out of 40 patients, 29 (72.5%) were male and 11(27.5%) were female. Type of surgery and continuous suture closure was found to be statistically significant (p-value < 0.05) with post-op visual acuity in both groups. Types of graft rejection were found to be statistically significant (p-value < 0.05) with enucleation transplantation time(hours) in both groups and with secondary glaucoma (p = <0.001) in group A.

We conclude that 0.03% topical tacrolimus ointment along with 1% topical prednisolone shows promising results and can be considered as an effective modality for preventing complications like secondary glaucoma, graft rejection, and getting the better visual outcome, where p-value (<0.05) was statistically significant.

All patients should be instructed with regards to the reasonable use of topical tacrolimus to avoid any side effects.
Visual outcome of single piece yellow tinted hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens: A hospital based prospective observational study
Authors: Chada Swarochi , Bosco Arokiam John , Kavitha R Josephine , Raman Malarmozhie
Published: March 2022

To evaluate the visual outcome of single piece yellow tinted hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) following phacoemulsification.

A single center, hospital based, prospective, observational study. Eligible patients with significant cataract, underwent phacoemulsification with implantation of single piece yellow tinted hydrophobic acrylic IOL. Patients followed up for 6 months. Pre and post-operative assessment of UDVA, CDVA was done and documented in LogMAR values. Contrast sensitivity by Pelli-Robson chart, refraction by Auto refractometer was evaluated pre and post operatively. Post-operative evaluation of glistening and PCO done by slit lamp examination. Glare evaluated by pen-torch contrast sensitivity method. Adverse events documented on regular follow-up.

132 patients were enrolled in the study. Majority of the subjects (97.7%) achieved expected visual outcome of LogMAR 0.0-0.2 on final follow-up day. Statistically significant improvement in contrast sensitivity noted in 99.2% of our patients. The mean refractive spherical equivalent at 180 days was 0.10±0.81. The incidence of glistening was 3.8% at 180 days follow up. Glare was present in 4.6% subjects on first operative day, 3% on 3rd and decreased to 0.8% on 7th postoperative day. None of our patients complained of glare after 1 month. The incidence of PCO and adverse events was 0.8% and 15.2% respectively, on last postoperative follow-up.

Implantation of single piece yellow tinted hydrophobic acrylic IOL provides expected visual outcome, refractive stability, enhances contrast sensitivity with minimal glistening, glare and adverse events. The square edge design of the hydrophobic lens reduces incidence of posterior capsular opacification.
Ocular effects of mobile phone radiation
Authors: Mittal Sanjeev Kumar , Rana Rimpi , Puthalath Athul , Agrawal Ajai , Gupta Neeti , Mittal Sunita
Published: March 2022

: To find out the adverse effects of prolonged mobile phone radiation on the users’ eyes.

: A convenience sample of 200 adults visiting our out-patient’s services with 20/20 vision was randomly recruited for this study. The ipsilateral eye on the preferred side during talking was considered as the preferred side and the other as non-preferred side. All participants underwent Schirmer’s test (S1T), Tear film break-up time (TBUT), central corneal thickness (CCT) and central macular thickness (CMT) measurements for comparison on both the sides. The approximate cumulative duration of the talk time (hours/day) while keeping the phone over the ear was recorded.

: The mean age of participants was 25.1+5.4 years and 124 (62%) preferred to use the right ear for telephonic conversations. The TBUT (19 + 2.7 vs. 20 + 3 seconds), Schirmer’s (21.5 + 2.8 vs. 22.6 + 2.5 mm), p <0.001 for both and CCT (527 + 20 vs. 530 + 19µ) (p= 0.005) were significantly lower in the preferred side. Multivariable linear regression showed that speaking on the phone for longer periods lead to slightly lower ipsilateral TBUT (0.31 seconds lower TBUT with every 1-hour increment in talk time, 95%CI= -0.67 to 0.03 seconds, p=0.07)but not Schirmer’s values.

: Mobile phone use affects the tear fluid dynamics (TBUT and S1T) and the corneal thickness of the eye. Thus, any of the radiations or thermal effect or both from the mobile phones can affect the eye and its structures. Further studies are needed to address these consequences.
CBC an indicator of development of retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Sharma Mohit , Bhoi Sachala , Devi Sabita , Jena Swikruti
Published: March 2022

To detect the association of complete blood count with retinopathy of prematurity.

A prospective cohort study from May 2020-April 2021. Preterm infants having Gestation Age<34 weeks and birth weight <1750grams were included. All preterm babies CBC were done at birth. Ocular examination was done in all preterm babies after 3 weeks of birth and divided into two group one with ROP and other non-ROP.Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference between the ROP vs non-ROP group and p value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant.

150 preterm infants were screened for ROP out of which 47 were having ROP and 103 no any sign of ROP. The mean GA was 31 Weeks and mean birth weight was 1300 grams of ROP group. The mean Hb of ROP Group was 9.8g/dl as compared to Non-ROP Group having mean Hb-11.4g/dl (p<0.05) and MCH, PLT, MCV all were lower in ROP group as compared to non-ROP. CRP and leukocyte were higher in ROP Group as compared to non-ROP.

As Hb and MCH plays an principal role in oxygen transport, low levels of these may cause increased vascular endothelial growth factor secretion from the hypoxic retina, leading to ROP. In our study we found that Retinopathy of prematurity infants were having lower Hb, MCH as compared to non-ROP Group.
A study of ophthalmic co-morbidities in mild to moderate cases of COVID- 19 infection
Authors: Mehrotra Neelima , Rizvi Sara , Bajpai Amrita , Dewal Tripti
Published: March 2022

To study the ophthalmic co-morbidities and post- COVID ophthalmic complications in mild to moderate COVID positive patients.

This was a questionnaire based prospective longitudinal study conducted between August 2020 and December 2020. In the first phase, an ophthalmologist in personal protective equipment (PPE) physically visited the patients and a pre-designed structured questionnaire regarding any ophthalmic complaints was filled and scoring was done later. In the second phase, the patients were telephonically interviewed after 3-6 months of their discharge from the hospital, regarding the development of ocular symptoms for which they needed to consult an ophthalmologist and the treatment taken was noted.

9% of the total 77 patients included in the study reported severe symptoms (scores between 17-24/24). On comparing the mean questionnaire scores (out of 24) it was seen that more severe ophthalmic complaints were seen in patients aged >= 50 years than <50 years (11.35 vs 5.75, p<0.05), moderate category than mild category patients (11.70 vs 3.63, p<0.05), patients with systemic co-morbidities than those who had none (11.48 vs 4.04, p<0.05) and in patients who later needed to consult an ophthalmologist due to development of one or more complications than those who did not.(13.27 vs 6.63, p<0.05).

Post- COVID complications were seen in 27 patients (35%). They included progression of pre-existing ocular disease like cataract, glaucoma, diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy, and new diagnosis of diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy and HCQ- related maculopathy.

Ocular co-morbidities should be looked for in every COVID patient. Those at higher risk of developing complications, should undergo a detailed ophthalmic examination after they are discharged from the isolation wards. Hospitals need to work on capacity building and/or look for alternatives, like telemedicine, to ensure timely eye care to all patients.
Mixed infection of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis and aspergillosis with culture proven aspergillus endophthalmitis in a post covid patient- A case report
Authors: Chandra Silni , Rahna P  , Prabhu Padma B , Ranjini K
Published: March 2022

Rhino orbito cerebral mucormycosis has become very common in this covid pandemic. Fungal endophthalmitis is also being increasingly reported. All fungal infections may not be just mucor. This is to report a case of rhino orbito cerebral mucormycosis and aspergillosis with aspergillus endophthalmitis, in a post covid patient who had required intensive care during covid illness. A post covid 73 years old female with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension presented with sudden onset painful loss of vision in right eye with right sided headache. Anterior segment examination showed a streak hypopyon with fundus showing severe vitritis. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy and radiological features were suggestive of probable rhino orbital mucor mycosis, Patient was started on systemic amphotericin B with intravitreal and retro orbital amphotericin. The KOH mount and culture of the vitreous aspirate showed aspergillus while the histopathology of the sinus tissue revealed mucor along with aspergillus. Fungal endophthalmitis is making an appearance in a big way in this covid pandemic Early diagnosis and proper treatment is the only way to defend against these life-threatening fungi. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy with biopsy and vitreous tap for culture as well as histopathology taken before initiating treatment will go a long way in making a correct diagnosis.
The mystery of the vision and its silent killer: A case report of optic neuropathy due to carbon monoxide poisoning
Authors: Sharat Soumya , Sharada M
Published: March 2022

We report a case of a young, healthy male with sudden neurological collapse in the bathroom, presenting 3 weeks later with bilateral progressive dimunition of vision. Patient’s initial investigations including computed tomography (CT) brain was normal. At the time of presentation, he had severe visual impairment with defective colour vision and disc pallor bilaterally. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain was suggestive of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. A visual evoked potential (VEP) showed characteristic positive-negative-positive (PNP) waveform. Retrospective history confirmed the use of gas geysers in his bathroom. Patient was treated with intravenous steroids for 3 days followed by oral steroids to which he responded with improvement in visual acuity. Parenteral vitamin B12 was also administered. Optic neuropathy is a rare presentation of CO poisoning with very few cases reported in literature.
Self-ligating brackets from the past to the last- A complete over-view part I
Authors: Ambashikar Vaibhav R , Kangane Suresh K , Joshi Yatishkumar S , Warpe Smita R. , Chandak Shruti B , Choure Mahesh S
Published: March 2022

The introduction of the self-ligating brackets proved to be a revolutionary change in the history of brackets. The benefits of orthodontic appliances and techniques revolve around efficiency, allowing the patient to expect more efficient and timely treatment. The popularity and USP of self-ligating brackets have been for the ability of SL bracket systems to reduce chair time and overall treatment time. Until the early 1970s, the concept of self-ligating brackets fell more or less into oblivion. There has been a continuous endeavor to perfect self-ligating brackets, and several brackets were introduced Since 1970. Within the past decade, substantial developments, new designs, and numerous proposed advantages of SL brackets have caused them to gain significant popularity among practicing orthodontists. At present, the orthodontic market is flooded with the promotion of different SL brackets. This review aims to provide a complete overview of the evolution of self-ligating brackets from the first to the latest available.
ASP lingual jig
Authors: Singh Pavankumar , Ambekar Anand , Kangane Suresh
Published: March 2022

A lingual jig is a simple and accurate lingual bracket-positioning device, which transfers labial bracket prescriptions to the lingual brackets. Most commercially available lingual bracket bonding jigs either require multiple wires bending customized for each tooth in each patient or require multiple jigs for individual anterior teeth. This short communication describes ASP lingual jig that can be easily and accurately used for lingual bracket placement in every patient without any design modifications.
Modified tandem appliance for early correction of class III malocclusion – A case report
Authors: Sudhakar Shetty Suhani , Shalu Sneha , Prasad Amritha , Naik Mithun K
Published: March 2022

Class III malocclusion is associated with a sagittal malrelationship of the maxilla and the mandible, characterized by a deficient maxilla, retrognathic mandible, or a combination of both. The early treatment of Class III malocclusions provides facial balance, modifies the maxillofacial growth and development, and prevents future surgical treatment by increasing the stability. Many treatment approaches can be found in the literature regarding orthopedic and orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion, including intra‑ and extra‑oral appliances. The major problem with extraoral anchorage has been of patient compliance due to its physical appearance. The case report presents an intraoral modified tandem appliance for maxillary protraction that has been used clinically to achieve successful results without relying much on patient co‑operation.
Performance Study of the Thermoelectric Personal Cooler under Different Ambient Temperatures
Authors: Tark Ziyad , Hamed Ahmed J. , Khalifa Abdul Hadi N.
Published: March 2022

In this study, a Thermo Electric Cooler (TEC) was manufactured and investigated experimentally. The heat sink, geometry, fin number, fin length, and heat sink dimensions are studied theoretically. The performance of the TEC is studied under three variables, namely: the THC power, airspeed, and ambient temperature. Two heat sinks are used for each Peltier module. The first one is for the cooling side, while the second one is for the hot side. In the theoretical part, the geometry and the dimensions of the heat sink are studied using one-dimensional heat transfer equations, as well as a theoretical simulation of the performance of a single Peltier module is achieved. The results show that the cooling capacity increases with the increase in airspeed, and the maximum cooling capacity was 180 W at an airspeed of 4 m/s and TEC power of 300 W. The maximum figure of merit of the TEC is about 0.23 when the TEC power is 350 W, at 4 m/s airspeed and an ambient temperature of 43℃. The theoretical results showed that the number of fins affected the total sink thermal resistance and that thermal resistance reduced sharply from 6.5 to about 2 m2 K/W when the fin number increased to 6. When the TEC power is 350 W, the airspeed is 4 m/s, and the ambient temperature is 28℃, the maximum TEC efficiency is 0.5%. Finally, the comparison between the current work and the other works shows the same trends in the variables under comparison.
Empirical Relationships Between Global and Diffuse Radiation and Sunshine Duration in Chad: Polynomial Regression Approach
Authors: Bernard Bali Tamegue , Chara-Dackou Venant Sorel , Goron Deli , Babikir Mahamat Hassane , Njomo Donatien
Published: March 2022

Chad, in regards to its geographical position is considered as one of the countries in the world that receives an important annual solar radiation over its entire territory. The average sunshine duration is about 10 hours in the North, 8 hours in the Center and 7 hours in the South. This can be used to quantify the solar radiation over the whole territory and evaluate the solar potential. In this paper, some new correlations between sunshine duration and solar radiation have proposed in four cities (Abeche, Bitkine, Mongo and Ndjamena) located in the Sahelian climate in order to have tools for quantifying all components of solar radiation. The polynomial regression model approach is used and their parameters are estimated by the ordinary least squares method. A statistical evaluation was carried out to compare the different correlations obtained. The results show that the third order polynomial approach is the most appropriate for an empirical relationship between global, diffuse and relative sunshine duration in each of the cities. Considering the long dry seasons characterized by high temperatures in this region, the consideration of the temperature variable in the functional form could improve the quality and accuracy of the models in their estimation.