bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SAFER Care: Improving Caregiver Comprehension of Discharge Instructions
Authors: Uong Audrey , Philips Kaitlyn , Hametz Patricia , Dunbar Julie , Jain Priya , O’Connor Katherine , Offenbacher Rachel , Eliezer Kethia , Pilnick Courtney , Kiely Victoria , Rinke Michael L.
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND:

One in five pediatric patients suffers from adverse events related to hospital discharge. Current literature lacks evidence on effective interventions to improve caregiver comprehension (CC) of discharge instructions. We examined if a standardized framework for written and verbal discharge counseling was associated with increased CC of key discharge instructions after discharge from a general pediatric inpatient unit.

METHODS:

An interprofessional team created the SAFER Care framework to encourage standard, comprehensive discharge counseling. Plan-do-study-act cycles included electronic health record smartphrases, educational initiatives, data feedback, visual aids, and family outreach. Caregivers were surveyed by phone within 4 days of discharge. Our primary outcome was the proportion of caregivers correctly responding to all questions related to discharge care, comparing pre- and postintervention periods. Data were plotted on a statistical process control chart to assess the effectiveness of interventions.

RESULTS:

A total of 171 surveys were analyzed in the preintervention period, and 262 surveys were analyzed in the postintervention period. A total of 37% of caregivers correctly responded to all questions in the preintervention period, compared with 62% of caregivers in the postintervention period, meeting rules for special cause variation.

CONCLUSIONS:

Development of the SAFER Care framework and its use in written and verbal discharge counseling was associated with significantly improved CC of discharge instructions in a general pediatric inpatient unit. Further studies should be focused on expanding this to other populations, particularly limited–English-proficiency families.
STUDY ON THE LEGAL BASIS AS A MECHANISM FOR PREVENTION OF GAME FIXING IN FOOTBALL
Authors: Naydenova Korneliya
Published: March 2021

Match fixing on worldwide scale today is a business and a matter of profit. In this connection, the purpose of our study is to find out if there are national normative measures in place to prevent the Game fixing. The main method used in the development of the report is the study and analysis of literary sources. The results of the conducted study on the basic normative documents and regulations of the Bulgarian Football Union show the presence of a number of measures with a preventive character, which are aimed at the prevention of game fixing. Conclusions:
1. Legislative texts with subsequent sanctions are provided in the Republic of Bulgaria to prevent the fixing of football matches.
2. The Chapter of the Penal Code of 2011 includes Chapter VIII A, which is "Crimes Against Sport", and in a proven case of fixing of a sporting event, provides for a sanction of one to six years' imprisonment and a fine of one thousand to ten thousand BGN.
3. In the disciplinary rules of the BFF, a text is provided which, in the case of a confirmed game fixing, provides for the suspension of the competitor's or the official's competitions for a period of at least 18 months and a pecuniary sanction of BGN 40000 for the respective football club.
INNOVATIVE METHODS FOR DEVELOPING PHYSICAL STRENGTHS AND ENDURANCE IN STUDENTS
Authors: Ivanova Mariya , Petkov Plamen
Published: March 2021

Innovative methods for developing students’ physical strength and endurance skills
A pedagogical experiment with 66 students (women) from first and second course from all specialties in the Faculties of Economics, Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine at Trakia University, Stara Zagora, randomly divided into an experimental group (36 students) and a control group (30 students), was carried out. The aim of the study was to establish the impact of innovative methods for developing students’ physical strength and endurance skills. Theoretical analysis, pedagogical experiment, spatio-pedagogical testing, pedagogical observation, variation analysis, graphical analysis and comparative analysis were applied to solve the research goal. A test battery comprising of 20 morpho-functional indicators and 13 indicators for physical strength and endurance was developed. The results and analysis showed that the experiment was successful and the developed fitness program with expanders was effective. The data obtained is indicative that the inclusion of the developed fitness program with expanders in the curriculum of Physical Education and Sports in the university will lead to an improvement in the physical skills strength and endurance, of the students.
MAIN ACRONYMS FOR INDICATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ADVERTISING COMMUNICATION OF MOBILE OPERATORS
Authors: Spasova Lyubomira , Gundasheva Zhenya
Published: March 2021

This study focuses on advertising communication of mobile phone operators by indicating its effectiveness through the main acronyms for advertising influence.
The aim of the study is to define precisely the acronyms applied in the area of communications, while searching for psychological efficiency of advertizing and its indicators.
In order to accomplish this aim we have set the following tasks:
• To study advertising communication of mobile phone companies
• To design a theoretical model of the acronyms, applied in communication
• To carry out T-tests for independent samples of demographic characteristics and emerging statistically significant factors
• To measure the psychological efficiency of advertisement and its indicators through a survey
The following methods were used to accomplish the tasks: conducting two subsequent surveys with the same respondents regarding advertising perception and influence.
The Making of a Byzantine Monastic Landscape
Authors: Kondyli Fotini , Craft Sarah
Published: March 2021

In this study, we present some results from the Mazi Archaeological Project (MAP), a diachronic regional survey in northwest Attica, Greece. We focus our discussion on the presence of the Middle Byzantine Monastery of Hosios Meletios and its relationship to local communities as well as to the surrounding natural and built environment. In doing so, we focus on three main strategies employed by the monastery: (1) large-scale building projects, (2) the redirection of movement in the area and (3) the exploitation of the natural environment and its economic resources. We also pay attention to the establishment of the paralavria (monastic dependencies) as a fundamental mechanism employed by the monastery to map its presence and influence and connect it to other sites of economic and religious importance in the region. We argue that the spatial, material and symbolic connections between the paralavria, the main monastery and key natural features in the area created a visually, spiritually and economically coherent and distinct monastic landscape.
From Texts and Iconography to Use-Wear Analysis of Ceramic Vessels
Authors: Lis Bartłomiej , Van Damme Trevor
Published: March 2021

While handwashing is attested in the Bronze Age cultures of the eastern Mediterranean and appears in both Linear B records and Homeric epics, the custom has not been discussed with regard to the material culture of Mycenaean Greece. On analogy with Egyptian handwashing equipment, we explore the possibility that a conical bowl made of bronze and copied in clay was introduced in Greece early in the Late Bronze Age for this specific use. We integrate epigraphic, iconographic and formal analyses to support this claim, but in order to interrogate the quotidian function of ceramic lekanes, we present the results of use-wear analysis performed on 130 examples. As use-wear develops from repeated use over a long time, it is a good indicator of normative behaviour, particularly when large datasets are amassed and contrasted with other shapes. While not conclusive, our results allow us to rule out a function as tableware for food consumption, and in combination with all other analyses support the interpretation of lekanes as handwashing basins. We then trace the development of this custom from its initial adoption by elite groups to its spread among new social classes and venues after the collapse of the palace system: at home, as part of communal feasting and sacrifice or as an element of funerary rites. The widespread distribution of handwashing equipment after 1200 bc closely mirrors the situation in our earliest surviving Greek Iron Age texts and joins a growing body of evidence pointing to strong continuity in social practices between the Postpalatial period and the early Iron Age in Greece.
A Haunted Landscape and Its Drained Souls
Authors: Atakuman Çiğdem
Published: March 2021

Although the ultimate aim of the dominant heritage discourse and practice is to preserve culture in a way that contributes to peace and human prosperity, its paradoxical outcome has been to erase the variety of ways that people can relate to the past and to normalize ethnic and religious conflicts as well as globally deepening inequalities of class, race and gender. In this context, searching for civilization in the past has become an increasingly irrational activity, specifically in geopolitically important zones such as the Middle East and Turkey, where millions of immigrants, along with numerous minorities and economically impoverished populations, are currently denied access to the living standards of modern civilization. This paper aims to highlight these paradoxes inherent in the dominant heritage discourse and practice through the example of a recent heritage awareness-raising and capacity-building project, Safeguarding Archaeological Assets of Turkey (SARAT). Furthermore, based on two ethnographic case studies of treasure hunting from Turkey and Greece, it is also argued that the past is embodied in our questions of who we are and in our difficulties of belonging in today’s social landscape. Heritage, therefore, will continue to be in conflict and danger, unless people come to understand that they relate to the past in a variety of ways as regards the very core of the thick history of world politics.
Contemporary Paganism in Portugal
Authors: Cordovil Daniela
Published: March 2021

This research discusses contemporary Paganism in Portugal by the analysis of the trajectory and actual practices of the Associação Pagã (Pagan association), a local affiliate of the Pagan Federation International. The methodology was ethnographic fieldwork and interviews conducted with the leaders and members of this association. This association is engaged in public debates about laicity and religious freedom, ecological issues, gender diversity, and feminism. They also engage and promote religious rituals at archaeological sites. As a conclusion, the research discusses the role of pagan practices on creating a plural public space in a catholic country.
Co-involvement of Opioids in Drug Overdose Deaths Involving Cocaine and Psychostimulants
Authors: Hedegaard Holly
Published: March 2021

Adds to information on drug overdose deaths involving cocaine and psychostimulants by examining the simultaneous involvement of opioids.
Drug Poisoning Mortality, by State and Race and Ethnicity: United States, 2019
Authors: Miniño. Arialdi
Published: March 2021

Provides information on drug overdose mortality by state and race and ethnicity.
CONCEPÇÕES DE DOCENTES EM RELAÇÃO A INTEGRAÇÃO DE DISCIPLINAS NO INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE MATO GROSSO DO SUL
Authors: Sampaio Guimarães de Moraes Caroline Aparecida , Diemer Odair
Published: March 2021

O ensino médio integrado requer práticas integradoras e interdisciplinares, em contraposição às concepções fragmentadoras dos saberes. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as concepções de docentes em relação a integração das disciplinas de História 2 e Conservação de Alimentos presentes no curso técnico integrado em alimentos do IFMS. Para o planejamento das aulas integradas foi utilizado a metodologia dos Momentos Pedagógicos da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica, sendo elaborado colaborativamente por reuniões de estudos. As concepções das docentes foram avaliadas por meio de entrevistas e questionário aberto e analisados pelo método de análise de conteúdo. Com base nas concepções das professoras, foi possível verificar a efetividade da integração das duas unidades curriculares, uma vez que permitiu trabalhar conteúdos de diferentes disciplinas de forma articulada.
ORIENTAÇÕES POLÍTICO PEDAGÓGICAS DA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL TÉCNICA
Authors: Oliveira Jamille de Amorim , Silva Yara Fonseca de Oliveira e
Published: March 2021

O estudo objetiva conhecer a concepção dos professores bacharéis acerca dos princípios da Educação Politécnica e em que medida essas diretrizes são aplicadas em suas práticas pedagógicas. Com base na abordagem qualitativa, o estudo de caso tem um corpus de análise constituído por 14 professores de Cursos Técnicos Integrados ao Ensino Médio de um Câmpus do Instituto Federal de Goiás. Após a observação de aulas e entrevista semiestruturada, os resultados evidenciaram que 62% dos bacharéis estabelecem suas práticas pedagógicas baseadas na Educação Politécnica. Contudo, essas orientações político-pedagógicas são desenvolvidas a partir dos saberes da experiência, perpassadas pelo cotidiano da instituição como uma construção social.
Wars in Human History
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Trut Vladimir
Published: March 2021

The foreword of the Executive Editor of the issue.
Network Diplomacy: Approaches to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
Authors:   MGIMO University, Morozov Vladimir
Published: March 2021

Introduction. The aim of the article is to to analyze the concept of modern network diplomacy as well as to illustrate possible solution approaches to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict through the abovementioned mechanism. Network diplomacy is defined as the multi-level communication, representation, and negotiation of an idea or a set thereof through a set of actors, which may extend beyond traditional, rigid state sponsored institutions and encompass other actors integrated with the idea or parties involved. Methods and materials. The research involved a combination of analytical empirical research containing justification for case selection and qualitative research. The author mostly approaches the topic through liberal paradigm of international relations, accentuating mutual benefits of international cooperation, arguing that flexible formats of diplomacy can be an effective way to help states to interact with each other in an honest manner and support nonviolent solutions to conflicts. Analysis. The analysis is based mainly on case study research, which helped to generate the results. The article will be structured in several parts. The introduction will render an overview of the network diplomacy concept followed by a historic background of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and its ideological underpinnings, and so inform a set of theories as pertaining to the potency of network diplomacy in the solution process, which will be outlined in the parts following it. These theories will then be evaluated in the context of the overall environment and specific cases – NGOs as a reach out function in water management at the municipal level, academic institutions establishing communication channels independent of the larger political environment, and a short summary of European Union outreach to non-state actors as an illustrative case of state to non-state actor diplomacy. Moreover, the article includes the study of citizen diplomacy, civil society-based approaches, economically driven incentives and other cultural initiatives such as sports-based diplomacy as possible mechanisms. Results. Network diplomacy may feature a multi-pronged approach to diplomacy represented through a mixture of, for example, state actors and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Network diplomacy is particularly potent in spreading ideas as it allows engagement of a multitude of actors directly, and is subject to comparatively low transaction costs. Network diplomacy appears to be a promising approach to the solution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict which is characterized by juxtaposing ideological underpinnings in addition to issues of realpolitik, and a multitude of actors including non-state actors.
Award Production in the Red Army During the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945)
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Shunyakov Dmitry
Published: March 2021

Introduction. The article analyzes the experience of improving the system of award production in the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War. The author states that the award production at the time of the beginning of the war was unable to ensure mass awarding of soldiers. Methods and materials. Archival materials, published official statistics and scientific literature were used in the implementation of the research tasks. The study was conducted on the basis of the principles of historism, objectivity and systemacity. The need to process quantitative data led to the use of the statistical method. Results. In order to ensure the need of the active army to award, the leadership of the country in the Armed Forces introduced a single command and delegated the right to award to the military command, which awarded on the ground and submitted award documents through the people’s commissariat for approval to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. It is noted that in order to optimize the award production in units, formations, personal accounts were introduced, on which award marks and documents, as well as reporting on them were issued. Awarding bodies provided preparation of awarding documentation giving it to the commanding officer (commander) for approving, made rewarding of distinguished ones. Conclusions. It is noted that the measures taken to improve the award production brought it closer to the participants of fights, about 90% of all awards were made by the military command. It is shown that the awarding of military personnel led to the growth of their professional skills through personal interest in the results of combat activities, which was one of the factors of victory in the war.
Genesis of the Study of War as a Political Phenomenon in Pre-Revolutionary Russia
Authors:   Moscow State Linguistic University, Belozerov Vasily
Published: March 2021

Introduction. The article explores the conceptualization of war as a political phenomenon in prerevolutionary Russia and presents its results for theory and practice. For this purpose, the article studies and interprets the origins of political ideas about war, the occurrence of political content in its scientific understanding, the emergence and development of various paradigms for its understanding as a political phenomenon and the conceptualization of Russia’s superior strategy. Methods and methodology. The research methodology is based on political realism and the recognition of war as an actual phenomenon. The choice of works for analysis stems from the connection of their content with political issues. The article studies political situations and processes that caused the enhancement of research into war as a political phenomenon. Analysis. The first political perceptions of the phenomenon of war began taking shape in Russia in the second half of the 17th century and they reveal an understanding of the link between war and politics. The formation of the knowledge system about war and military activities took place without political understanding and contained a significant element of borrowing from outside. In relation to the formation of the science of war, there was also a theoretical understanding of its political content. In the second third of the 19th century scientific discussions began, in which two approaches based on the decision to recognize the political content of war were formed. Eventually, an approach that essentially negates the primacy of political institutions prevailed in military science and in the education of military personnel, which had negative consequences for theory and practice. Results. The study of war as a political phenomenon in pre-revolutionary Russia formed dialectical and metaphysical approaches with the latter dominating and being followed by representatives of official military science. It can be stated that there is a problem of method in the study of war, which is manifested in modern conditions.
The effect of municipal sewage sludge on properties physicochemical and microbial agricultural soil
Authors: DOUAER Naima , DOUAOUI Abdelkader , MEHAIGUENE Madjid , ZOUIDI Mohamed , HAMZA Wiem
Published: March 2021

The organic matter content of sludge can improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil ensuring better cultivation and good agricultural productivity. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of sewage sludge on the main physicochemical and biological properties of the soil. The sludge was spread in an agricultural field in Ain defla (Algeria) cultivated with a tomato crop (‘Panikra’) in four treatments: (T): soil without sewage sludge and without mineral fertilization, (B): soil with sewage sludge, (E): soil with mineral fertilization, (B + E): soil with sewage sludge and mineral fertilization. For this, several physical, chemical and microbiological properties were analyzed on the residual sludge used and the soils collected in the studied plots. The results show that the sludge used does not exhibit any toxicity and that the treatment with the sewage sludge with the fertilizer used on the agricultural soil forms a better compost for improving the physicochemical quality of the soil compared to the other treatments. The application of sewage sludge also can accelerate microbial activity by increasing the number of bacteria, fungi and azotobacter.
Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Saponaria officinalis L.: A review
Authors: CHANDRA Satish , RAWAT Dharmendra S. , BHATT Arun
Published: March 2021

Saponaria officinalis is an important medicinal plant cultivated in different parts of the globe for its beautiful flowers. Species is commonly known as soapwort. Central Europe is considered as native place for the species and has been introduced in Northern Asia, West Asia, Northern Europe and America. Plant of the species are perennial, stem erect, branched, leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, inflorescence dense cymes, calyx green or reddish, often cleft, petals pink to white, fruit capsules, seeds tuberculate-reniform and numerous per fruit. Indigenous people of different parts of the world use this species to cure various ailments. Traditionally roots of the species have been used as urine remover. It is also used for cough, bronchitis, stomach disorders, bone deformations, rheumatism, pimples, skin diseases, bile disorders, liver problems and respiratory system diseases. The leaves were rubbed on the skin as a repellent and also used as sanitizer, diuretic and in liver diseases. Saporins are ribosome inhibitory proteins and play important role for anticancer properties. Different types of saponins are synthesized by the species exhibit anticancer, antimicrobial, insecticidal and antioxidant properties. The present review is focused on the traditional medicinal uses of species along with phytochemical and pharmacological studies. This review will provide a ground for future research of the species.
Response of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes to accelerated ageing treatment
Authors: ADERIYE Kehinde O.S. , KEHINDE Tolulope O. , ADETUMBI Johnson A. , OGUNNIYAN Dotun J. , ADEBISI Moruf A.
Published: March 2021

Reduction in germination of crop seeds due to depletion of food reserves and decline in synthetic activity due to ageing has become a serious concern to groundnut growers who need adequate, high quality seeds to sustain groundnut production. Therefore, to stimulate farmers’ interest in groundnut production, an experiment was conducted to evaluate some groundnut varieties for their tolerance to seed ageing stress, with a view to recommending varieties that can be considered for production in tropical countries. Seeds of nine elite groundnut genotypes, sourced from The International Crops Research Institute of Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Kano and three other genotypes sourced from local seed dealer in Ibadan, Nigeria were subjected to seed quality assessments in the seed testing laboratory of Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Ibadan. The seed lots were subjected to accelerated ageing procedures of 42 °C temperature and 100% relative humidity for 24 hours. Twenty-five seeds of each genotype were drawn from each genotype in three replicates at 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours of ageing. The drawn samples were reassessed to determine their tolerance ability to ageing stress. Percentage germination was transformed using arc-sine before the data on preliminary seed germination and seedling vigour data and seed ageing data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS™ Means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level of significance while k-means non-hierarchical clustering analysis was used to group the genotypes based on their response to the ageing. Result showed that seeds of the groundnut genotypes differ in their response to ageing stress factors. Seeds of ‘Samnut-24’, ‘Samnut-25’ and ‘Ex-Dakar’ (R) were found to be more tolerant to ageing stress while ‘Samnut 22’ and ‘Boro White’ were susceptible to ageing stress. Optimum ageing for 24 hours is recommended for testing seeds of groundnut varieties for storage tolerance
Molecular identification and genetic variation studies in economically important cephalopods at Beypore Fishing Harbour (Kozhikode), South West coast of India
Authors: LINCY Alex , ANIL Madhavankonath K. , THANGARAJ Muthusamy , JOSE Jean J.
Published: March 2021

Cephalopods are ecologically and economically important marine groups in the world. Biodiversity description is essential for sustainable utilization of natural resources and to characterize biological entities for conservation. DNA barcoding is an effective tool used for identification of organisms at species level and is been widely used for delineate several ambiguity species. In this study, partial sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (CO1) gene with a mean size of 680 bp was amplified by universal primers. Totally 13 individuals of Cephalopods comprising of three species, were barcoded and genetic variation was analysed. The maximum A+T content (67.60%) was recorded in Cistopus indicus and minimum (63.70%) in Sepioteuthis lessoniana. The maximum K2P distance (0.268) was found between the genus Cistopus and Sepioteuthis whereas the minimum distance (0.188) was observed between Uroteuthis and Sepia. The neighbour joining tree revealed three distinct clades represents Loligonidae, Sepiidae and Octopodidae with high boot strap values. However, Sepioteuthis lessoniana is showing a bifurcated branch and it may due to the co-occurring of cryptic species and till date this species is treated as Sepioteuthis lessoniana complex.
Prophylactic effect of the aqueous extract of Pimpinella anisum on the behavior of Wistar rats exposed to mercury
Authors: ARABI Wafaa , KAHLOULA Khaled , ADLI Djallal E. H. , BRAHMI Mostapha , TAIBI Narimane , SLIMANI Miloud
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prophylactic effect of Pimpinella anisum (green anis) on neurobehavioral status following mercury chloride intoxication during the developmental period. For this purpose, rats exposed to 100 mg/L of HgCl2 during the gestation and lactation period. A group of rats was treated with the anis extract for 15 days before becoming intoxicated with mercury. In contrast, one group was orally administered aqueous anis extract for 15 days after intoxication. The forced swimming test, the open field test and the Morris pool respectively recorded an increase in immobility time, a decrease in the number of cross-cells (p <0.001), (p <0.05) and an increase in latency (p <0.01), (p <0.001), (p <0.001) and decreased time spent in the target frame during the probe test (p <0.01) and increased latency in the visible test (p <0.01) in HgCl2 - exposed rats compared to control rats. However, preventive and curative aniseed-based treatment reduced the rate of depression, increased locomotor activity and improved learning performance. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of Pimpinella anisum could have a corrective effect on some neurological disorders caused by mercury.
Assessment of morphological and anatomical variability in Triticum species, Aegilops species, interspecific and intergeneric hybrids
Authors: AKMAN Hayati
Published: March 2021

Wheat species and wild relatives offer promising resources for wheat improvement and research in the current period of the genetic narrowing of modern wheat cultivars. The present study was performed to evaluate the morphological and anatomical traits of 20 diverse genotypes including Triticum and Aegilops species with intergeneric and interspecific wheat hybrids, which were compared with modern bread and durum wheat cultivars locally adapted to rainfed and irrigated conditions. The study showed that stomata density and size ranged from 55.3 to 108.6 stomata/mm2 and 401.4 to 1296 µm2, respectively, in the selected genotypes. Moving tetraploid to hexaploid genotypes, increased chromosome numbers yielded lower densities of large stomata in wheat species and hybrids. In this regard, the stomatal patterns of two hexaploid wheat hybrids and a wheat species including ‘Agrotriticum’, ‘Aegilotriticum’, and T. compactum, were of low density and large size stomata compared to T. durum cv. ‘Kunduru 1149’ with high density and small size stomata. Interestingly, the wild progenitor of the bread wheat D genome, Ae. tauschii, had a high density of the smallest stomata among the studied genotypes. The study further indicated that morphological parameters decreased under rainfed conditions compared to those under irrigated conditions, with levels varying among the genotypes. The rainfed flag leaf area and 1000-grain weight varied from 0.9 to 23.7 cm2 and from 7.3 to 61.9 g, respectively under rainfed conditions, while they ranged from 1.2 to 35.7 cm2 and 11.5 to 69.9 g under irrigated conditions. The flag leaf area had a significant and strong association with 1000-grain weight under rainfed (r2= 0.79) and irrigated (r2 = 0.77) conditions. T. turanicum and T. polonicum were characterized by the significantly highest 1000-grain weight in both rainfed and irrigated conditions. This study suggests that these wheat species with high 1000-grain weight might have promising alleles to be transferred into durum wheat to increase grain yield.
The Category of Legal Reality in Modern Legal Science in Russia
Authors:   Derzhavin Tambov State University, Tambov, Russia, Bulgakov V. V. , Bulgakova D. V. ,   Derzhavin Tambov State University, Tambov, Russia
Published: March 2021

The term “legal reality” is rarely used in Russian law. In this regard, the relevance of the article is due to the importance of such a phenomenon as legal reality in the framework of lawmaking and law enforcement. The purpose of the article is to analyze the application of the concepts of “law” and “reality” in Russian law, as well as to investigate the category of legal reality in modern legal science in Russia, to reveal the essence of this phenomenon in its various aspects. The possibility of establishing the boundaries of legal reality has been investigated and its components and a way of comprehension have been determined. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method of cognizing social phenomena. It has been established that legal reality, being a certain legal space, a regulator of public relations, is a multi-stage pyramid, consisting of consciousness and perception of the individual, certain attitudes, thoughts, as well as the peculiarities of the interaction of state authorities with citizens. Based on the research carried out, the concept of “legal reality” is given.
The Role of Mortgage Loans in the Procedure of Insolvency (Bankruptcy) of an Individual
Authors:   Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russia, Mozharova V. A. , Lavrik T. M. ,   Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russia
Published: March 2021

Bankruptcy refers to the procedure for declaring an individual or legal entity financially insolvent. To launch this procedure, it is necessary to fulfill clearly regulated conditions concerning the volume of debt obligations, the duration of their default and the insufficiency of assets for the full repayment of creditors' claims. The analysis of the grounds for starting the bankruptcy procedure associated with the mortgage lending procedure is presented.
Prospects for Improving the Constitutional and Legal Interaction of Legislative and Executive Authorities in the Aspect of Reforming the Constitution of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Saratov State Academy of Law, Saratov, Russia, Shindina A. V.
Published: March 2021

The article discusses the issues of reforming the Constitution of the Russian Federation in terms of constructing an optimal mechanism for interaction between authorities and increasing the powers of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. The author's opinions on the issue of improving the powers of state authorities at both the federal and regional levels of government are presented.
YAŞLI HASTALARDA LAPAROSKOPİK KOLESİSTEKTOMİNİN FARKLILIKLARI VE GÜVENİLİRLİĞİ
Authors: TÜRKAN Ahmet , ERDOĞAN Ahmet , KILINÇ Uğur
Published: March 2021

Yaşlılarda ek hastalıkların daha fazla olmasından dolayı,

yapılacak cerrahi işlemlerde morbidite ve mortalite

riskinin gençlere kıyasla daha fazla olabileceği endişesi

hakimdir. Bu çalışmada, 18-64 yaş arası hastalar

ile 65 yaş ve üstü hastalarda uygulanan laparoskopik

kolesistektominin sonuçları karşılaştırılarak literatür

eşliğinde sunulması amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem

Ocak 2018- Aralık 2018 tarihleri arasında laparoskopik

kolesistektomi uygulanan hastalar retrospektif ardışık

olarak 18-64 yaş arası 40 hasta grup 1, 65 yaş ve üstü

40 hasta grup 2 olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Hastaların dosya

verilerine göre demografik özellikleri, ameliyat endikasyonu,

yatış ve komplikasyon bilgileri incelenerek

karşılaştırıldı.

Bulgular

Çalışmaya 80 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların %18,8’si

(15) erkek, %81,2’i (65) ise kadın idi. Endikasyon olarak

65 yaş altı grupta kronik semptomlu kolelisistolitiazis

ön planda iken, 65 yaş ve üstü grupta subakut

kolesistit sonrası interval kolesistektominin daha fazla

olduğu görüldü (p=0,012). 65 yaş ve üstü grupta koroner

arter hastalığı, kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı

ve kalp yetmezliğinin anlamlı olarak daha fazla olduğu

görüldü (p=0,014). Hastanede kalış süreleri ve komplikasyonlar

açısından gruplar arasında fark tespit edilmedi

(p=0,933), (p=0,22).

Sonuç

Ek hastalıklar yaşlı hastalarda daha sık izlenmesine

rağmen, komplikasyon ve hastanede kalış sürelerinin

genç grupla benzer olması, geriatrik yaşlarda da laparoskopik

kolesistektominin güvenle yapılabileceğini

desteklemektedir.
YENİ DOĞANDA GÖRÜLEN LİGNÖZ KONJOKTİVİT VE DANDY-WALKER SENDROMU İLİŞKİSİ: NADİR BİR OLGU
Authors: DEMİR Süleyman , ÖZGE Gökhan , AYYILDIZ Önder
Published: March 2021

Lignöz konjoktivit, genellikle tip 1 plazminojen eksikliği

ile karakterize bir hastalıktır. Genetik kalıtımlı

olduğu gibi enfeksiyon veya travma ile de ilişkili

olabilir. Özellikle tarsal konjonktivada görülen odunsu

görünümde fibrinden zengin psödomembranlarla

karakterizedir. Tedavisinde; heparin, alfa kimotripsin,

topikal hiyalüronidaz, kortikosteroidler, siklosporin ve

membranların cerrahi eksizyonu yer almaktadır. Bu

çalışmada, hidrosefali nedeniyle ventrikülo-peritoneal

şant uygulanmış 10 aylık erkek hastada Dandy-

Walker spektrumuna bağlı hidrosefali ve lignöz

konjonktivit birlikteliğini göstermek amaçlanmıştır.
ÇOCUK CERRAHİSİ SERVİSİNDE TRAVMA NEDENİYLE TAKİP EDİLEN HASTALARIN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: GERİYE YÖNELİK 5 YILLIK ÇALIŞMA
Authors: KART Yeliz , BİLALOĞLU Emine , DUMAN Levent , SAVAŞ Mustafa , BÜYÜKYAVUZ İlker
Published: March 2021

Amaç

Travma tüm dünyada çocuklardaki en önemli mortalite

ve morbidite nedenidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı,

hastanemiz çocuk cerrahisi kliniğinde travma nedeni

ile tedavi edilen çocuk hastaları literatür eşliğinde tartışmaktır.

Gereç ve Yöntem

Ocak 2016-Mart 2020 arasında hastanemiz Çocuk

Cerrahisi Kliniğinde tedavi edilen 0-17 yaş arası tüm

travmalı hastaların dosyaları geriye dönük olarak incelendi.

Hastaların yaş, cinsiyet, travmanın mevsimsel

dağılımı, yaralanma mekanizması, yaşlara göre

yaralanma mekanizması, etkilenen organ sistemi,

oluşan yaralanma, cerrahi işlem gereksinimi ve ölüm

oranları araştırıldı.

Bulgular

Çalışmaya travma nedeni ile çocuk cerrahisi kliniğinde

tedavi edilen 262 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların

%71,7’si erkek %28,3’ü kız idi. Hastaların yaş ortalaması

7,53 ± 5,17 yıl olarak bulundu. Hastaların %21’i

2 yaşın altında, %33’ü 2-7 yaş arasında, %46’sı 7 yaşının

üzerindeydi. Travma türlerinde en sık trafik kazası

125 hasta (%47,7), ve yaralanmalarda en sık akciğer

yaralanması 104 hasta (%39) bunların içinde de

en sık akciğer kontüzyonu görüldü. En sık yaz ayında

111 hasta (%42,4) travma olduğu izlendi. 19 hastaya

cerrahi işlem uygulandı (%7,25). Ölüm oranı 4 hasta

ile %1,5 olarak bulundu.

Sonuç

Çocukluk çağı travmalarının ilk iki nedeni trafik kazaları

ve düşmedir. Özellikle 7 yaş öncesi çocukların

oyun alanlarında ve günlük yaşamlarında daha dikkatli

gözlenmesi, tüm çocukların araç içinde gerekli

önlemler alınarak seyahat etmesi ve trafik kuralları

hakkında eğitimlerin arttırılması gerekmektedir.
PROKSİMAL ULNA’NIN ANATOMİK MİMARİSİ VE AÇILANMALARI
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Kenan , ÖZDEMİR Berfu , DURSUN Ahmet , KASTAMONİ Yadigar , ALBAY Soner
Published: March 2021

Amaç
Literatürde az yer alan torsiyon açısı da dahil olmak
üzere proksimal ulna’ya ait diğer bazı morfometrik verilerin
elde edilmesi amaçlandı.
Gereç ve Yöntem
Bu çalışmada Anatomi Ana Bilim Dalı laboratuvarında
bulunan 25 ulna (11 sol, 14 sağ) kullanıldı. Proksimal
ulna'ya ait 8 morfometrik parametre ölçüldü. Tüm kuru
kemikler bir cetvel eşliğinde fotoğraflandı ve bilgisayara
aktarıldı. Daha sonra Image-J analiz programı
yardımıyla morfometrik ölçümler yapıldı.
Bulgular
Ortalama ulna uzunluğu 251,02±16.23 mm ve ortalama
incisura trochlearis hariç ulna uzunluğu
223,49±15.52 mm bulundu. Ortalama incisura radialis
genişliği 18,5±3.38 mm, ortalama incisura radialis
yüksekliği 12,09±1.70 mm ve ortalama incisura trochlearis
derinliği 11,57±1.73 mm bulundu. Ortalama torsiyon
açısı, dorsal açılanma ve varus açısı sırasıyla
14,64º±8.36º; 5,94º±2.01º; 12,48º±2.425º olarak hesaplandı.
Hiçbir parametrede taraflar arası karşılaştırmada
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmadı.
Sonuç
Proksimal ulna’nın anatomik şekli, humeroulnar artroplastide
kullanılan implantlar için özel zorluklar oluşturmaktadır.
Bu çalışmadaki tüm parametrelerde sağ
ve sol taraflar arasında fark olmaması, uygun protez
tasarımında karşı taraf ulna’nın bilgisinden yararlanılabileceğini
düşündürmektedir. Ayrıca bu çalışmanın
sonuçları, adli ve antropolojik araştırmalarda ulna boyutlarına
ilişkin veriler sağlayacaktır.
EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MPV AND SEVERITY OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS WITHOUT ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Authors: TÜRER CABBAR Ayça , ŞIMŞEK Mustafa Aytek , HÜNÜK Burak , ÖZVEREN Olcay , GÜZELBURÇ Özge , DEĞERTEKIN Muzaffer
Published: March 2021

Objective

Since many studies focused on the relationship

between mean platelet volume (MPV) and severity of

type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or investigated MPV

and coronary artery disease (CAD) mostly on acute

coronary syndrome (ACS), this study primarily focused

to investigate if MPV values have any relation with

different levels of CAD specifically in T2DM patients,

who had no previous coronary artery disease, and no

ACS history.

Materials And Methods

T2DM patients who had first coronary angiography

(CAG) between November 2019 and February

2020, and whose after night fasting blood tests

were performed before CAG were included. Two

cardiologists, blinded to the patients, evaluated

angiographies. Patients have divided into groups

accordingly; normal coronary artery (Group 1),

non-critic stenosis (Group II), and severe CAD

(Group III) according to the Gensini score. Patients’

demographics, heart rate, risk factors of CAD, and

blood test including MPV were also collected.

Results

A total of 180 patients (88 female, 92 male) were

involved in the study. There was no significant relation

between MPV and the severity of CAD in T2DM

patients (p=0.228). The mean age of the Group I group

was significantly lower than in other groups (p=0.228),

and there were significantly lower males in Group I

than other groups (p=0.0001). The triglycerides levels

were significantly low in Group I than in other groups

(p=0.021 and p=0.006).

Conclusion

MPV values were not associated with the severity

of CAD in stable patients. Older age, male gender,

higher levels of triglycerides, and initial glucose levels

were significantly related to the severity of CAD in

T2DM patients.
Extracting shape and size information from fungal spores v1
Authors: Ordynets Alexander , Keßler Sarah , Willemsens Christina
Published: March 2021

The protocol explains extracting and quantifying the shape and size information from the fungal spores. The complex information about the outline will be transformed into few values that can be used as shape descriptors in comparative analyses. The photos of spores from the light microscopy serve as input data. The shape information is processed with the elliptic Fourier analysis and afterward with the principal component analysis (PCA). The size information is captured as linear measurements of length and width. The average per specimen values for shape and size traits are then calculated in R computing environment. The protocol can be also applied to the images from other kinds of microscopy or to images of macroscopic objects (plants, animals, or their organs). The protocol contains example files and screenshots that should assist in the processing of own data. See "Materials" for the list of used software and "Guidelines and Warnings" for the flowchart illustrating the protocol.
Imaging - Stanford TMC v1
Authors: Hickey John
Published: March 2021

See our detailed protocol published with the following title: CODEX multiplexed tissue imaging with DNA-conjugated antibodies.
Reagent prep - Stanford TMC v1
Authors: Hickey John
Published: March 2021

See our detailed protocol published with the following title: CODEX multiplexed tissue imaging with DNA-conjugated antibodies.
Sample prep - Stanford TMC v1
Authors: Hickey John
Published: March 2021

See our detailed protocol published with the following title: CODEX multiplexed tissue imaging with DNA-conjugated antibodies.
NEBNext® ARTIC SARS-CoV-2 Companion Kit (Oxford Nanopore Technologies®) E7760 v2
Authors: England Biolabs New
Published: March 2021

This protocol details methods for the NEBNext® ARTIC SARS-CoV-2 Companion Kit (Oxford Nanopore Technologies®), NEB #E7660S/L 24/96 reactions.
Soil Factors are the Drivers for Wetlands Colonization by Pneumatopteris afra in Nigeria
Authors: Festus Akomolafe Gbenga , Zakaria Rahmad
Published: March 2021

The relationships between soil factors and plant community characteristics of some wetlands invaded by Pneumatopteris afra and non-invaded ones were investigated. Sixty soil samples were obtained from six wetlands comprising three invaded and three non-invaded in Lafia, Nigeria using sixty quadrants arranged on six 200 m transects. The samples, after air-dried and sieved using 2 mm mesh were analysed for the physico-chemical properties which include pH, organic matter (OM), percentage nitrogen (% N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), exchangeable acidity (EA), percentage base saturation (% BS), particle size, porosity, bulk density (BD), hydraulic conductivity (HC), and moisture content (MC) using standard methods. Direct ordination in canonical correspondence analysis was used to determine the influence of these soil factors on P. afra abundance, Shannon diversity, and species richness of both invaded and non-invaded sites. All sites differ from each other in terms of their physico-chemical parameters. The invaded sites appeared to be more acidic (pH = 3.22), less sandy, more porous (38.11%), low HC (1.23) as compared with non-invaded ones. Soil factors that favoured abundance of P. afra(% OM and EA) correlated negatively with Shannon diversity index of invaded sites which was positively influenced by % N, pH, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). At the non-invaded sites, Shannon index and density were influenced positively by % BS, pH, AP, and % N. All these observations showed that the soil factors played significant roles in the establishment of P. afra at the invaded sites, and also on the plant diversity at non-invaded sites.
Thermal and Mechanical Characterisation of Poly(ω -Hydroxy Pelargonate): A Preliminary Study for Bioplastic
Authors: Abd Hadi Siti Faieza , Kamaruzaman Muhammad Fadhli , Salimon Jumat , Mohd Yusoff Mohd Firdaus
Published: March 2021

Poly(ω-hydroxy pelargonate) or P(ω-OHP) is a potential biodegradable plastic which was prepared by melt condensation of its monomer (ω-hydroxy pelargonic acid). In this study, the performances of P(ω-OHP) in thermal and mechanical aspects, as well as the method employed for the monomer preparation was presented. Although this type of monomer is well established for pharmaceutical and cosmetic application, its possibility to be applied in bioplastic has not been extensively studied. Previous research also showed that the monomer preparation was rather complicated, expansive, and hazardous. Thus, this study offers the safe method through chemical modification which conducted in mild condition. The monomer structure was verified by using ESI-MS at 173.1 m/z with 92% purity. After melt-condensation process was carried out at 190 °C for 4 h, the formation of P(ω-OHP) was identified by the present of methylene ester bond indicated on 1H NMR peak at 4.05 ppm. The thermal properties were analyzed by DSC, TGA,and rheometer. P(ω-OHP) was melted at 72.8 °C and start to degrade at 220 °C with rheology analysis represented Newtonian flow at 80 and 180 °C.P(ω-OHP) contains 73.5% degree of crystallinity as determined by XRD with fewer amorphous area has affecting low mechanical value in hardness (31) and compressive strength (modulus 47.3 MPa, yield 1.03 MPa). The results suggest that P(ω-OHP) is thermally stable and physically hard and brittle. The findings have implications for bioplastic custom and subjected to improvement via polymer blending or block co-polymerization for application flexibility.