bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gene expression of renal lactoferrin and glycemic homeostasis in diabetic rats with reference to the protective role of exogenous bovine lactoferrin
Authors: Qari Sameer H. , Attia Kamal
Published: April 2020

Background

This study is intended to clarify the influence of exogenous bovine lactoferrin (bLf) treatment on glycemic homeostasis, gene expression, and production of lactoferrin (Lf) in rats with experimentally induced diabetes.

Methodology

Fifty adult male rats were used; 15 rats were used as the normal control rats (group A) and were injected an intraperitoneal (I/P) with 1 ml of isotonic saline daily for 3 months. Thirty-five rats were administered I/P injection of 60 mg of streptozotocin per kilogram body weight to induce diabetes. Thirty streptozotocin-treated rats were selected and used as diabetic rats, and they were subdivided into 2 equal groups (15 rats each): the untreated diabetic group (group B) and treated diabetic group (group C). The rats in the diabetic group were administered an I/P injection of 1 ml of isotonic saline daily for 3 months, while rats in the diabetic treatment group were administered an I/P injection of 300 mg of bLf/kg body weight/day/3 months. At the end of the experiment, blood and renal tissue samples were collected from all rats. The levels of insulin, glucose, and lactoferrin in plasma were measured. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was performed. The numbers of Lf-mRNA copies in renal tissue were assessed using quantitative RT-PCR. To measure Lf production in renal tissue, Western blot analysis was applied.

Results

The obtained data demonstrated that the treatment of diabetic rats with bLf maintained glycemic homeostasis at normal levels but increased the mRNA expression of renal Lf.

Conclusion

In diabetic rats, bovine lactoferrin treatment offers the potential for protection against incidences of insulin resistance (IR) by stimulating the suppressed expression and production of the LTF gene.
Temperature Effect to Altitude Corrections and Operational Application
Authors: Cejnar Jan , Kameníková Iveta
Published: April 2020

The thesis is focused to familiarize the reader with air mass behaviour, legislative requirements and methods of altitude corrections. The goal of the thesis is evaluation of the presently used operational procedures applied to the altitude corrections according to the change of air parameters. The final part of the thesis determines altitudes necessary for corrections and represents the proposal of optimized altitude correction method.
Comparação de diferentes métodos de inserção da pasta de hidróxido de cálcio para preenchimento de canais laterais simulados: estudo in vitro
Authors: Duque Jussaro , Medeiros Matheus , Borges Mariana , Vivan Rodrigo , Bramante Clóvis , Hungaro Marco Antonio
Published: April 2020

Avaliar, em micro-CT, diferentes métodos de inserção da pasta de hidróxido de cálcio para preenchi- mento de canais laterais simulados em blocos de acrílico. Métodos: Foram utilizados 72 blocos de acrílico com canais laterais simuladas nas porções cervical, média e apical, os quais foram preenchidos com a pasta de hidróxido de cálcio de acordo com os seguintes métodos (n=12): Grupo 1 - lima tipo K #30; Grupo 2 - espiral de Lentulo; Grupo 3 - agitação ultrassônica; Grupo 4 - agitação sônica com EndoActivator; Grupo 5 - seringa + Capillari TIPS; e Grupo 6 - agitação com EasyClean em baixa rotação. Para os grupos que receberam agitação, o canal principal foi preenchido com a pasta utilizando seringa e Capillari Tips. Antes e após o preenchimento, os dentes foram escaneados em micro-CT (SkyScan 1174) e as imagens obtidas foram comparadas utilizando-se o software CTan. O volume de medicação intracanal no interior dos canais simulados foi mensurado e, em seguida, obtida a porcentagem de penetração. Os dados foram submetidos à comparação estatística (p<0,05). Resultados: Os grupos EndoActivator e ultrassom apresentaram resultados significativamente melhores do que a lima #30 nos três níveis analisados, assim como o EasyClean nos terços cervical e médio, e a Lentulo no terço apical, em relação ao Grupo 1 (p <0,05). Nas demais comparações e na análise intragrupos, não houve diferenças significativas (p>0,05). Conclusão: Os métodos de agitação da medicação intracanal, especialmente o ultrassom, proporcionaram uma maior porcentagem de penetração dela em canais laterais simulados.
Pré-molar com três raízes tratado por meio de Endodontia convencional: relato de caso com acompanhamento de 24 meses
Authors: Albuquerque Maria Tereza , Santana Felipe , Nagata Juliana
Published: April 2020

O completo conhecimento da anatomia dentária interna representa um dos fatores determinantes para o sucesso do tratamento endodôntico. A presença de três raízes em segundos pré-molares superiores refere-se a uma ocorrência rara durante os tratamentos endodônticos convencionais, tornando-se relevante sua descrição detalhada na literatura. Objetivo: O presente trabalho objetiva descrever o tratamento endodôntico de um segundo pré-molar superior apresentando três raízes separadas. Relato de caso: O paciente atendido compareceu para atendimento relatando dor contínua e exacerbada ao frio, em seu segundo pré-molar superior direito. O exame radiográfico sugeriu a presença de três raízes separadas no referido pré-molar, o que foi confirmado durante a abertura coronária, que foi realizada de forma cuidadosa. Os canais foram instrumentados por meio da técnica manual de pre- paro químico-mecânico e obturados por meio da técnica de compactação lateral. Os controles aos 12 e 24 meses não demonstraram alteração clínica e radiográfica. Conclusão: A presença de três canais radiculares em segundos pré-molares superiores pode comprometer o sucesso do tratamento endodôntico. Entretanto, o conhecimento adequado da anatomia e do diagnóstico pode possibilitar o tratamento de variações anatômicas por um clínico geral sem o emprego de recursos tecnológicos.
Cyfrowy uczeń – analogowa szkoła? Dylematy procesu kształcenia w przestrzeni medialnej
Authors: Borawska-Kalbarczyk Katarzyna
Published: April 2020

The article assesses the quality of the educational process carried out in the dimension of the use of new media. The author argues that the modern school still uses too many analog methods, offering education not adapted to the expectations of students who are part of the digital native generation. Theoretical analysis is supplemented by the results of studies from national and international reports on the level of teachers’ media competence. The text proposes solutions that reinforce the idea of digital teaching and some of the benefits resulting from its implementation.
CORONAVIRUS COVID-19 DISEASE, MENTAL HEALTH AND PSYCHOSOCIAL SUPPORT
Authors: STANKOVSKA GORDANA , MEMEDI IMRAN , DIMITROVSKI DIMITAR
Published: April 2020

The current coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is a particular and rare situation. COVID-19 has affected and is likely to affect people from many countries, in many geographical locations. We are in the midst of a worldwide pandemic, with cities and even entire countries shutting down. The coronavirus has affected nearly every aspect of our lives, from school to work, to sports, to where we eat and what we do. All these changes affected people physically, but also psychologically. It is understandable that during times like this, people may be feeling afraid, worried, anxious, and depressed due to the constantly changing alerts and media coverage regarding the spread of the virus. Hence, the main aim of our paper is to explore the linkage between the coronavirus COVID-19 disease and mental health conditions, such as stress, anxiety and depression. Everyone may experience fear of the consequences of the infection with a potentially fatal new virus, and might experience mental stress, anxiety, loneliness, depression. Based on experience from past global serious viral experiences, the development and implementation of mental health assessment, support, treatment, and services are crucial and pressing goals for the health response to the COVID-19 outbreak. Human beings have an incredible ability to adapt and survive, through altruistic and co-operative means. So for each one of us is important to look after ourselves and each other.
Atractus albuquerquei Cunha & Nascimento, 1983 (Serpentes, Dipsadidae): range extension and new country record for Bolivia
Authors: Powell Randy L. , Eversole Cord B. , Lizarro Dennis , Crocker Ashton V. , Surovic Elizabeth A. , Calderón Vaca Gonzalo
Published: April 2020

We present a new country record and range extension for Atractus albuquerqueri Cunha and Nascimento, 1983 (Serpentes, Dipsadidae) from Bolivia. There is a paucity of published information on locality data and information on this species and this account contributes to the knowledge of its distributional status.
Evaluación ambiental de la producción a larga escala de microperlas de quitosano modificadas con tiourea como alternativa de valorización de residuos en el sector camaronicultor
Authors: Meramo-Hurtado Samir I. , Moreno-Sader Kariana , González Delgado Angel Darío
Published: April 2020

La generación de residuos durante el procesamiento del camarón es un alarmante problema de salud pública y medioambiental, lo que ha motivado a la búsqueda de alternativas de valorización de estos residuos tal como la producción de quitosano. Debido a sus múltiples propiedades, este biopolímero ha sido utilizado en diferentes sectores como el farmacéutico, tratamiento de aguas y biomedicina. En esta investigación, se realizó la simulación y evaluación ambiental de un proceso químico enfocado en la conversión de quitosano a partir del exoesqueleto de camarón hacia microperlas de quitosano modificadas con tiourea. Para ello, se utilizó el software de simulación Aspen Plus® y el algoritmo de reducción de residuos (WAR).  Cuatro casos fueron considerados referentes a las contribuciones de energía y productos. El rendimiento de producción de las microperlas (MPs) fue de 2 kg MPs-Tiourea/kg quitosano. La evaluación ambiental mostró que el caso 3 alcanzó el valor más alto para impactos totales de salida (1.23×10+3 PEI/h), seguido por el caso 2, caso 1 y caso base. Se concluyó que la contribución de energía es menor a la del flujo de productos y que el proceso es amigable con el medio ambiente para las categorías de impactos atmosféricos y toxicológicos.
Criminología & complejidad humana
Authors: Venera Redondo Ronald Enrique
Published: April 2020

El presente artículo de refl exión registra cómo históricamente el ser humano ha tratado de explicar usando disímiles medios provenientes de las diferentes ciencias humanas y naturales, el origen y causa del delito en la sociedad, diversifi cando las múltiples explicaciones sobre el móvil de las conductas delictivas que emanan del ser humano. Así las cosas, este trabajo tiene como fin tratar de explicar y entender el delito como un acto de evolución del ser humano, hacia un estado de necesidad, en el cual el delito se convierte en un instrumento irrenunciable del agresor con el objeto de satisfacer desviaciones que ha adquirido con el paso de su historia.
Falencias en la protección del derecho a la salud: una mirada a la población desplazada
Authors: Aristizábal Gómez Kelly Viviana
Published: April 2020

El presente artículo de revisión tiene como fi nalidad identifi car las principales falencias en materia de protección al derecho a la salud de la población que se encuentra en situación de desplazamiento forzado, a partir de un análisis juicioso que inicia con una descripción del origen del fenómeno del desplazamiento en Colombia, continúa con la evolución normativa y jurisprudencial que ocupa al tema, precisa el alcance jurídico que se le atribuye al derecho a la salud, para fi nalmente desarrollar cada una los aspectos que más limitaciones y afectación al derecho a la salud han generado al pretender aplicar la regulación normativa existente al respecto a las personas que se encuentran en situación de desplazamiento forzado.
Los valores y la interpretación material, sistemática y evolutiva de la constitución y los derechos humanos a la luz del tridimensionalismo jurídico
Authors: Picado Vargas Carlos Adolfo
Published: April 2020

Este es un artículo en el cual se expuso un análisis sobre la relevancia de la interpretación jurídica en el Derecho Constitucional y la protección de los derechos fundamentales y humanos, en aras de consolidar un Estado Social de Derecho, en el cual se persiga el carácter práctico de la ley, pero sin obviar quiénes serán sus destinatarios. Asimismo, exaltar la incidencia de los valores y principios en la interpretación, comprensión y aplicación de la ley por parte de los operadores judiciales, teniendo en cuenta las nuevas circunstancias fácticas y el contexto histórico cambiante, la necesidad de impartir juicios en los que se aplique la ponderación y razonabilidad, estableciendo niveles jerárquicos, remitiéndose a precedentes constitucionales; respetando ciertos parámetros, deberes propios del ordenamiento jurídico, con miras a regular las conductas de los ciudadanos en sociedad.
¿Es Colombia una nación diasporita y transnacional? Análisis del nuevo discurso del estado colombiano frente a la diáspora
Authors: Mej Mar Fernanda
Published: April 2020

Con motivo del aumento exponencial en el número de nacionales que han abandonado el país en la última década y media, el Estado colombiano ha incorporado un nuevo discurso y diseñado nuevos derechos específicos para la diáspora. Es así como hoy Colombia se define oficialmente como una Nación diaspórica y transnacional, generando con ello un cambio sin precedentes en la forma cómo concibe la institución y el ejercicio ciudadanos. A la luz de las propuestas del modelo transnacional de ciudadanía, el presente artículo analiza el alcance de estos nuevos derechos en el contexto migratorio colombiano, intentando dar luces sobre cuán cerca se encuentra Colombia de un nuevo estatus transnacional de ciudadanía. Sostenemos que, a pesar de representar transformaciones importantes en la concepción y ejercicio ciudadanos, la consolidación de un estatus transnacional de ciudadanía se encuentra aún lejos de materializarse.

 

AbstractDue to the large numbers of Colombians who have left their country in the last decade and a half, Colombia has adopted a new discourse as well as a new set of rights specifically designed for the diaspora. Hence, Colombia now defines itself as diasporic and transnational nation, bringing forward unprecedented changes on how the institution and exercise of citizenship is conceived. In light of the proposals coming from the transnational citizenship model, this article examines and analyzes the scope to which this new set of rights brings Colombia closer or not to a new transnational citizenship status. We argue that, despite generating important transformations on the idea and exercise of citizenship, the consolidation of a transnational citizenship status is still far from materializing.
Doygun kumların statik ve dinamik davranışlarının bünyesel modellenmesine yönelik geliştirilen sayısal formülasyonların karşılaştırmalı çalışması: Yeni bir pekleşme kuralı önerisi
Authors: ULKER Mehmet
Published: April 2020

Günümüze kadar pek çok çalışma kumların bünye
davranışlarını modellemek üzere teoriler önermiş, klasik deneylerle bu teoriler
belli ölçüde doğrulanmıştır. Kumların gözlenen tipik gerilme-şekil değiştirme davranışını
yakalayabilen teoriler, sonrasında geliştirilen sayısal yazılımlara aktarılarak
birçok geoteknik mühendisliği probleminin çözümünde kullanılmıştır. Bu hedeften
uzaklaşmadan, halen yeni modeller geliştirilmekte, kaydedilen ilerlemeler daha
çok ilgili sayısal formülasyonların en efektif nasıl integre edileceği ya da en
geniş yelpazede zemin davranışının daha az model parametresiyle nasıl
modelleneceğine odaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada suya doygun kumların statik ve
dinamik davranışları teorik olarak modellenmiştir. Genelleştirilmiş Plastisite
Teorisi kapsamında, modelde kullanılan bir akma ve potansiyel yüzeyiyle yapılan
analizler, hiçbir yüzey tanımı yapmadan alınan analiz sonuçlarıyla
karşılaştırılmıştır. Kumlarda elastik ve plastik davranışları ayıran ve plastik
deformasyonların hesabında kullanılan yüzey fonksiyonlarına olan ihtiyaç burada
sorgulanmıştır. Çalışmada önce kum zeminin plastik davranışı birim vektörlerle hesaplanmıştır.
Ardından birim vektörlerin integrasyonu ile akma yüzeyi ve potansiyel
fonksiyonu çıkartılmış, zemine ait bünye ilişkileri, üç eksenli deney
simülasyonlarıyla, iki farklı formülasyon için karşılaştırmalı olarak
sunulmuştur. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde, yüzey tanımlı formülasyonda kullanmak
üzere yeni bir pekleşme kuralı geliştirilmiştir. Beraberinde önerilen yeni bir
interpolasyon kuralı ile de plastik yükleme modülü güncellenmiş ve gevşek
kumların sıvılaşma davranışı yeniden modellenmiştir. Model sonuçları mevcut statik
ve dinamik üç eksenli deneylerle doğrulanmıştır.
A new method of producing NS5A antigen of hepatitis C virus
Authors: Kuznetsova T. V. , Smirnova M. S. , Leonovich O. A. , Gordeichuk I. V. , Biriukova I. K. , Zylkova M. V. , Tyn’O Ya. Ya. , Belyakova A. V. , Shevelev A. B.
Published: April 2020

A task of creating a universal platform for engineering affordable recombinant producers of viral proteins conserving immunogenicity has not been solved yet. High toxicity of the viral proteins for the host cells, low yield and abnormal folding of the products often present severe obstacles to obtaining producers of the viral proteins. In this work, we report a new method of engineering and screening of deletion libraries from the viral antigen genes. This method allows selection of artificial derivatives of these genes adapted for expression in microbial producer cells. The method involves PCR amplification of the gene fragments using a system of randomized and adapter primers, which allows the spontaneous formation of duplexes from the random primers in the absence of the template DNA to be prevented. For selecting variants capable of in vivo expression, the obtained PCR products are cloned to a special vector of a direct phenotypical selection pQL30. It contains E. coli β-galactosidase gene with an inserted polylinker producing a frame-shift mutation. Using this screening method, an artificial variant of hepatitis C (HCV) NS5a gene with optimal biotechnological properties was established. 27 clinical specimens of 1670 bp long HCV1b NS5a fragments were used as a source gene. A PCR bank of the deletion derivatives was produced. 40 LacZ-positive clones based on pQL30 vector with a 50-700 bp long insertion were selected. The LacZ activity of the cell lysates and the immunogenicity of the products were tested. As a result, a single clone encoding a soluble protein with Mr = 114 kDa was selected. Its yield reached 0.3% of the total cell protein. It was highly reactive with sera of HCV 1b infected patients but not with sera of the healthy donors.
A comparative analysis of virucidal efficiency of biocide agents
Authors: Nosik N. N. , Nosik D. N. , Chizhov A. I.
Published: April 2020

The main groups of biocide agents used for inactivation of bacteria and viruses were studied for their virucidal activity against enveloped (HIV, viral hepatitis C, influenza virus A) and non-enveloped viruses (poliovirus, adenovirus). Their efficiency was analyzed. Quarterly ammonium compounds (QAC) themselves are not able to properly inactivate non-enveloped viruses. However, they can be successfully applied in combination with other biocides (guanidines, aldehydes). Effective composition of QAC with amines and guanidines provided inactivation of viruses (4.0 lgTCID50) in concentrations of 0.166-0.280% for non-enveloped viruses and 0.080-00.185% for enveloped viruses. The combination of QAC with aldehydes is especially effective (0.04-0.64% for non-enveloped viruses). The virucidal efficiency does not directly depend on the QAC concentration in the chemical disinfectants.
ADAPTATION OF THE CORN EARWORM SINGLE NUCLEOCAPCIDE NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS (HELICOVERPA ZEA SNPV) FOR THE CONTROL OF THE COTTON BOLLWORM (HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA) POPULATION
Authors: Kolosov A. V. , Ternovoy V. A. , Shvalov A. N. , Moiseeva A. A. , Safatov A. S. , Mikheev V. N.
Published: April 2020

Helicoverpa zea (Boddie, 1850) (Hz) single nucleocapcide nucleopolyhedrovirus (SNPV) was adapted to the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera, (Hübner, 1805) (Ha)) by five blind passages on larvae. The full genomic sequence of the resulting strain HS-18 has been determined (GenBank acc. №: KJ004000.1). Biological activity of the HS-18 strain is higher than the activity of all other Russian strains of NPV, as far as cotton bollworm strain HearSNPV-G4. HS-18-infected caterpillars at the 3-rd and 4-th ages died much faster than those infected with HearSNPV-G4 strain. A major difference of HS-18 genome is an 18 bp repeat in the RING-finger ORF that confirms high variability of this region. Three other insertions and seven base substitutions were observed earlier, while six base substitutions are new. Mutations are located at ORF42, lef-9, ORF58, VP39, PIF-4, P48, SOD, ORF111, ORF129 and ORF138 genes. Among all nucleotide mutation only one is synonymous. Thus we suppose the selective pressure to the virus. The resulting strain HS-18 is recommended as a biopesticide for controlling the number of cotton bollworm in cotton fields.
LUJO HEMORRHAGIC FEVER
Authors: Sizikova T. E. , Lebedev V. N. , Syromyatnikova S. I. , Borisevich S. V.
Published: April 2020

Lujo hemorrhagic fever (LHF) is a viral disease accompanied with fever, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, arthralgia, myalgia and numerous signs of hemorrhagic syndrome. LHF causes a clinical syndrome remarkably similar to Lassa hemorrhagic fever. The first case of LHF occurred in Johannesburg, South Africa, in 2008. There was a secondary transmission from the index patient to four healthcare workers. Four of the five patients died. The etiologic agent of LHF is Lujo virus (LUJV) belonging to Arenavirus genus of the Arenaviridae Family. Virus Lujo is the second pathogenic arenavirus, after Lassa virus, to be recognized in Africa during the last 40 years. Data about epidemiology, clinical characteristics and diagnostics of LHF, properties of Lujo virus (according to phylogenetic analysis), and recommended precautions for preventing secondary transmission are considered in this paper.
INTERCHANGEABILITY OF VIRAL VACCINES FOR IMMUNIZATION
Authors: Snegireva I. I. , Darmostukova M. A. , Zatolochina K. E. , Kazakov A. S. , Alyautdin R. N.
Published: April 2020

The review presents the results of the analysis of domestic and foreign scientific literature on the interchangeability of hepatitis A, B and influenza vaccines. The WHO materials, regulatory documents, data from scientific literature of foreign countries and Russia about the vaccine interchangeability are summarized. The problem of objective assessment of interchangeability of drugs is relevant worldwide. The definition of an “interchangeable drug” does not draw a clear line between the interoperability criteria for chemical and immunobiological drugs. The official guidance documents on immunization adopted in several countries define “interchangeability” as the practice of transition from a vaccine available from a certain manufacturer to a similar vaccine available from another manufacturer. The term “interchangeable” can be applied to immunobiological drugs if one of the drugs can be replaced with the other in the course of vaccination. The concept of interchangeability applies to vaccines that do not differ in efficacy (immunological, preventive, epidemiological) and safety and are used in an immunization course involving multiple administration of these vaccines. The definition of interchangeability is important in order to address the problem of replacing unidirectional vaccines available from different manufacturers when purchasing vaccines included in the national schedule of preventive vaccinations and in the schedule of preventive vaccination on epidemic indications. One of the most important conditions for “interchangeability” of vaccines is their application in accordance with the recommended schedule of administration and the dosage indicated by the manufacturer. Research data show that vaccines can be interchangeable if used in accordance with the recommended schedule of administration and the dosage specified by the manufacturer. Control agencies of many countries issue recommendations regulating the procedure of vaccine replacement in case of necessity. However, there are no special regulations of vaccine interchangeability in Russia. The concept of vaccine “interchangeability” should be extended to the continuation of a course of vaccinations in a particular person with a vaccine of another manufacturer and the possibility of applying similar vaccines available from different manufacturers.
INFLUENCE OF IMMUNOMODULATORY DRUG STIMFORTE ON THE EXPERIMENTAL HERPES VIRUS INFECTION IN COMBINATION WITH ACYCLOVIR AND ON HIV-INFECTION IN COMBINATION WITH RETROVIR
Authors: Maldov D. G. , Andronova V. L. , Kalnina L. B. , Ilyichev A. V. , Nosik D. N. , Galegov G. A.
Published: April 2020

The combined action of the immunostimulatory drug Stimforte and the basic etiotropic drug acyclovir commonly used to treat herpes infections was studied using the model of lethal experimental infection of mice BALB/c with herpes simplex virus type 1. It was found that the interaction of these drugs is additive. In addition, Stimforte inhibits infection caused by a strain of virus, which is highly resistant to acyclovir. When administered 24 hours prior to HIV-1 infection of human lymphoblastoid cells MT-4, Stimforte exhibited reliable antiretroviral activity best expressed during the early period of infection (the 3rd day). On the 6th day of observation the effect was almost completely lost. Combined use of Stimforte at a dose of 50-100 µg/ml with a subthreshold dose of retrovir (0.03 µg/ml) had a synergistic antiviral effect. Thus, Stimforte, which exhibits, on the one hand, antiviral activity against viruses of different families and, on the other hand, the immunomodulatory properties, could be promising as an etiopathogenic tool in helping to normalize both nonspecific and specific immunity. It may be used simultaneously with etiotropic antiviral chemotherapy in treatment of generalized herpes infection in patients with immunodeficiency. Furthermore, Stimforte can be used in the case of development of drug resistance in HSV, in particular, in HIV-infected patients.
GENETIC AND ANTIGENIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS STRAINS ISOLATED IN ST. PETERSBURG IN 2013-2016
Authors: Krivitskaya V. Z. , Sintsova K. S. , Petrova E. R. , Sverlova M. V. , Sorokin E. V. , Tsareva T. R. , Komissarov A. B. , Fadeev A. V. , Pisareva M. M. , Buzitskaya Zh. V. , Afanaseva V. S. , Sukhovetskaya V. F. , Sominina A. A.
Published: April 2020

Antigenic and genetic characteristics of Russian RSV isolates are presented for the first time. Of the 69 strains isolated in St. Petersburg, 93% belonged to the RSV-A antigenic group. The antigenic variations in the F-protein RSV were analyzed using a panel from 6 monoclonal antibodies by the method of micro-cultural ELISA. Depending on the decrease in the effectiveness of interaction with monoclonal antibodies (relative to the reference strain Long), RSV-A isolates were divided into 4 antigenic subgroups. The results of 24 isolates sequencing showed that more than 60% of them had substitutions in significant F-protein sites compared to the ON67-1210A reference strain of the current RSV genotype ON1/GA2. The most variable were the signal peptide and antigenic site II. When comparing the results of ELISA and sequencing, it was not possible to identify any specific key substitutions in the amino acid sequence of the F-protein that affect the interaction of the virus with antibodies. The nucleotide sequence of the F-gene from 19 of the 24 characterized isolates was close to that of ON67-1210A reference virus and was significantly different from RSV-A Long and A2 viruses. A separate group consisted of 5 strains, in which the F-protein structure was approximated to RSV Long.
MOLECULAR AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VACCINARY ERA-CB 20M OF RABIES VIRUS
Authors: Losich M. A. , Zaykova O. N. , Nepoklonova I. V. , Grebennikova T. V. , Verkhovsky O. A. , Odnovorov A. I. , Aliper T. I.
Published: April 2020

The molecular and biological characteristics of the vaccine against rabies virus strain ERA-CB 20M obtained by the Russian rabiologist, doctor of medical sciences S.V. Gribencha by adapting and cloning the strain ERA and SAD in a transplantable BHK-21 C13 cell culture are presented. The spectrum of the most sensitive strain of rabies ERA-CB 20M cell lines was determined and the level of glycoprotein was quantitatively determined. Primary nucleotide sequences of fragments of the genome of the strain ERA-CB 20M (genes N and G) were obtained and phylogenetic analysis was carried out. Molecular analysis showed that this strain belongs to the group of vaccine strains SAD1. When compared with the reference strain SAD1, 10% of the nucleotide differences were revealed in the gene fragment N; 15%, in the gene fragment G.
THE USE OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES FOR THE TREATMENT OF EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE
Authors: Sizikova T. E. , Borisevich G. V. , Shcheblyakov D. V. , Burmistrova D. A. , Lebedev V. N.
Published: April 2020

Some drugs candidates for treatment of Ebola virus disease (EVD), have been studied, monoclonal antibody (mAb) cocktails have shown great potential as EVD therapeutics. The advantages of mAb therapy include low toxicity, high specificity and versatility, with the range of biological effects being dependent upon the Fc region. Functions of mAbs include pathogen opsonisation, complement activation, antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity and virus neutralization characteristics. The most known mAb cocktail, used as therapeutic, is ZMapр, manufactured by «Leaf Biopharmaceutical» from 2004. The elaborated mAb cocktails, structures and properties s of mAbs, the protective characteristics of mAbs and development of new pan-ebolavirus mAbs are reviewed in this article.
MODERN ETHIOTROPIC CHEMOTHERAPY OF HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION: CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS, MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF ACTION, DRUG RESISTANCE, NEW TRENDS AND PROSPECTS. PART 2
Authors: Andronova V. L.
Published: April 2020

A number of synthetic compounds, such as the nucleoside analog ganciclovir, its L-valine ester (a metabolic precursor of ganciclovir) and pyrophosphate analog foscarnet, are permitted for the treatment of HCMV-related diseases in the WHO European Region. The viral DNA- polymerase is used by all these drugs as a bio-target. However, the usage of standard anti-CMV therapy is accompanied by severe side effects, as well as the development of drug resistance in the virus, mainly in conditions of immunodeficiency. In this review, we focused on viral proteins of interest as new potential targets and their inhibitors, such as the inhibitor of human CMV terminology, lethermovir, which showed great activity in the third phase of clinical trials, inhibitors of viral cyclin-dependent kinase (maribavir, cyclopropavir ) and a number of compounds exhibiting anti-HCMV-activity, undergoing only preclinical trials in the experiment. Inclusion of new anti-CMV agents that are active against GСV/PFA/CDV-resistant strains of CMV into standard prophylactic and therapeutic regimens, will allow to increase the effectiveness of anti-CMV therapy, including in cases when standard therapy is ineffective. Areas covered: the international databases such as A MEDLINE, PubMed, eLIBRARY.RU, ClinicalTrials.gov., etc. with the purpose of obtaining information on compounds showing selective action against the human cytomegalovirus, the most promising for the development of drugs.
ANTIHIV/AIDS DRUG 6HP: ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY, PRE-CLINICAL STUDY. EFFICIENCY IN ADULT HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: Galegov G. A. , Andronova V. L.
Published: April 2020

The new domestic antiretroviral drug 6HP, which is ammonium-3’-azido-3’-deoxythymidine-5’-carbomoylphosphonate, shows a high level of anti-HIV activity in cultures of lymphoblastoid cells. In a organism, the 6HP is converted to azidothymidine, and the its pharmacokinetic parameters indicate a prolonged nature of action of this compound in vivo. It is an important indicator that allows to formulate optimal therapeutic regimens during clinical application of 6HP. The complex of its antiviral properties and the results of its exhaustive preclinica study, as well as the results of studying its safety and tolerability in adult HIV-infected patients, including important first data of its use as a specific therapeutic anti-HIV / AIDS drug, certainly indicate on its prospects and its usefulness in clinical use in patients with HIV infection, including as part of combination antiretroviral therapy.
CHANGE OF PHENOTYPIC PROPERTIES OF ESCAPE MUTANTS AND READAPTANTS OF INFLUENZA VIRUS A (H1N1) PDM09 UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTED MUTATIONS IN THE MOLECULE OF HEMAGGLUTININ
Authors: Timofeeva T. A. , Rudneva I. A. , Shilov A. A. , Balanova M. A. , Artemov E. K. , Kushch A. A. , Masalova O. V. , Klimova R. R. , Grebennikova T. V. , Kaverin N. V.
Published: April 2020

Introduction. After the emergence and spread of pandemic H1N1 viruses in 2009, antigenic epitopes recognized by neutralizing antibodies against the hemagglutinin of influenza A/Moscow/01/09(H1N1)pdm09 viruses were studied. Targets and goals. The purpose of the study was to obtain readapted variants of the virus from a low-virulent escape-mutant that has an increased affinity of the avian and the human types cellular receptors compared to the wild type and the comparative study of their antigenic and receptor specificity. Material and methods. Viruses were accumulated in 10-day-old chicken embryos. The MAB panel against HA of influenza virus strain A/IIV-Moscow/01/09(H1N1)sw1 was used in the form of ascites fluids from mice. Immunization of mice, HI testing, elution of viruses from chicken erythrocytes, PCR and sequencing of readapted variants were performed by standard methods. Results. The amino acid substitution A198E acquired in the process of readaptation leads to changes in the antigenic specificity. A correlation was found between a decrease in virulence of a low-virulent escape mutant associated with the substitution D190N in the hemagglutinin molecule and an increase in the hemagglutinating titer to inhibitors in normal mouse serum. Viruses with low affinity of cellular receptor analogs and carrying amino acid substitutions have an increased ability to elute from chicken erythrocytes. Discussion. The results discuss the effect of mutations in the HA molecule of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus to the change in antigen specificity; virulence for mice, adsorption-elution at cellular receptors. Conclusion. A comparative study of the antigenic specificity and receptor-binding activity of the escape mutants was conducted for the hemagglutinin of the influenza virus A/Moscow/01/2009 (H1N1)swl, and the readapted variants obtained for one of the escape mutants with reduced virulence for mouse. Monitoring the pleiotropic effect of mutations in the hemagglutinin H1 molecule is necessary to predict variants of the virus with pandemic potential.
THE USE OF TRANSGENIC MOSQUITOES FOR PREVENTION OF SPREADOF ARBOVIRAL DISEASES
Authors: Onishchenko G. G. , Sizikova T. E. , Lebedev V. N. , Borisevich S. V.
Published: April 2020

The mosquitoes of Aedes genus are the most important vector such arboviral diseases as dengue, yellow, Chikungunya, West Nile and Zika fevers. Work is currently in progress to control the transmission of agents of these diseases by forming of transgenic mosquitoes in order to altering the capacity of wild mosquitoes to support of virus replication. There are two main strategies of genetic control of mosquitoes population. Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), that mainly uses population suppression methods for making self-sustaining genetic systems and Release of insects carrying of a Dominant Lethal (RIDL) that uses mainly gene transfer methods for making of self-limiting genetic systems. The RIDL is more expensive, but it has some significant preferences, according compares with SIT. The field trials of genetic control methods are conducted in several countries from 2009 to present time. Genetic control, transgenic technologies to induce sterility, genetic elimination and stable transformation of Aedes mosquitoes are viewed in this review.
IDENTIFICATION AND MOLECULAR-GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HEPATITIS B VIRUS AMONG HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS IN ARKHANGELSK
Authors: Ostankova Y. V. , Semenov A. V. , Zueva E. B. , Totolian A. A.
Published: April 2020

Aim. To estimate the prevalence and characterize the hepatitis B virus among HIV-infected patients with virological failure of antiretroviral therapy in Arkhangelsk. Material and methods. HBV markers determinations (HBsAg, anti-HBs IgG, anti-HBcor IgG, DNA HBV) were performed in isolates from blood plasma samples 64 HIV-infected patients with virological failure of antiretroviral therapy (viral load >50 IU / ml after 6 months of antiretroviral therapy or an increase in viral load after primary suppression of viral replication). For the detection of the hepatitis B virus, nucleic acids were isolated using the commercial kit «AmplePrime Ribo-prep». The virus presence analysis was performing by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method with hybridization-fluorescence detection in “real time” using the commercial set of «AmpliSens® HBV-FL». In the future, we used the method developed by the Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute, which allows detecting HBV in biological material with a low viral load. Results. HBsAg-negative (occult) HBV was detect in 28 (43.8%) HIV-infected patients. Only HBV genotype D was detected, and the HBV subgenotype D1 prevailed (39.3%) compared with the HBV subgenotype D2 (32.1%) and D3 (28.6%). Serological markers in 42.8% of patients with HBV DNA were founding. Two HBV isolates with drug resistance mutations in the polymerase gene, leaded to amino acid substitutions (L180M, M204V) associated with the resistance development to lamivudine, entecavir, telbivudine and tenofovir were identifying. Conclusion. The occult (HBsAg-negative) HBV high prevalence among HIV-infected patients suggests the need to use molecular-biological diagnostic methods to identify HBV, as well as to analyze the HBV drug resistance mutation before starting antiretroviral therapy for HIV.
DETECTION OF EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS GENOME IN ORAL CAVITY SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA SAMPLES OF RUSSIAN PATIENTS
Authors: Kiryanov S. A. , Levina T. A. , Polyakov A. P. , Rebrikova I. V. , Murashko D. A. , Konopleva M. V. , Semenenko T. A. , Suslov A. P.
Published: April 2020

Introduction. Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OC-SCC) is the most common and aggressive malignancy of the oral cavity. Recent studies have revealed infections with human papilloma virus (HPV) as an additional risk factor for oral squamous cell carcinoma development, while distinguished role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) remains still uncertain. However, the evidence for association between virus infection and risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma is controversially and varies significantly by geographic regions and race. Purpose. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the prevalence of HPV and EBV in OC-SCC samples of Russian patients from Moscow region. Material and methods. We investigated fresh-frozen tumor tissue fragments obtained from 11 patients with OC-SCC. DNA was extracted and the viral genome was examined by quantitative PCR assays with high-risk type-specific HPV and EBV specific markers followed by sequencing-based analysis. Results. No HPV infection in analyzed OC-SCC samples was observed, while EBV was identified in 70.0% (7/10) of patients. Further based on Q-PCR amplification of the EBV targets including BamHI-W, EBNA1 and C-terminal fragment of LMP1 gene, EBV infection and measurement of virus load in the tumor samples was assessed. Sequencing LMP1-positive products revealed that the most samples (5/6) contained variants LMP1 with Cao deletion characterized by an increased transforming potential. Conclusion. These data suggest that prevalence of EBV infections is common and may influence cancer development, although detected LMP1 variants of EBV are not necessarily associated with the pathogenesis of OC-SCC. Further studies are necessary to determine the potential role of EBV and its possible importance as an infection factor in OC-SCC.
Optimation Free Space Optic (FSO) Design with Kim Model Using Space Diversity
Authors: Subekti Triyono , Isnawati Anggun Fitrian , Zulherman Dodi
Published: April 2020

The development of communication services in remote rural areas is difficult to use cable-based systems such as Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) and FTTx. One solution to solve this problem is to use a wireless system such as radio communication. Free Space Optic (FSO) communication system is a better choice compared to radio communication because of the flexibility of frequency usage. One of the problems of the FSO communication system is the range not too far. The range of the FSO can be increased by using the space diversity method. This study compared FSO systems that not use space diversity and FSO systems that use space diversity in three weather conditions, namely clear, haze, and fog. In taking data results using Kim model propagation with variations in the range between 100 – 2000 meters. The modulation used in this study is external modulation. The result of the analysis of FSO performance after adding space diversity, the range of FSO increases as far as 1200 meters when the condition is clear. During the haze condition, the FSO range increase as far as 800 meters. During the fog condition, the FSO range has increased as far as 300 meters. By adding space diversity, the Q-factor value has increased, and BER (Bit Error Rate) has decreased.
Analisis Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Peran Apoteker Pada Layanan Kefarmasian Di Apotek Kecamatan Sokaraja, Baturraden, Sumbang, Dan Kedungbanteng
Authors: Pratiwi Hening , Mustikaningtias Ika , Widyartika Fajri Rifki , Setiawan Didik , Nasrudin Khafidz , Julietta Leony
Published: April 2020

Semakin tingginya tuntutan masyarakat dan semakin berkembangnya pelayanan yang diberikan menuntut apoteker harus mampu memenuhi keinginan dan tuntutan masyarakat yang beragam. Penilaian kualitas layanan kefarmasian dapat dilakukan dengan cara mengetahui persepsi masyarakat terhadap pelayanan yang sudah diterima dalam pemenuhan harapan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesadaran (general awareness), persepsi, harapan, dan pengalaman masyarakat terhadap peran apoteker dalam memberikan layanan kefarmasian di Apotek Kecamatan Sokaraja, Baturraden, Sumbang, dan Kedungbanteng. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian non-eksperimental dengan metode observasional. Penentuan apotek sebagai lokasi penelitian dilakukan stratified random sampling pada 23 apotek dan pengambilan sampel responden dengan accidental sampling kepada 110 responden. Instrumen penelitian ini berupa kuesioner yang selanjutnya dilakukan skoring dan analisis univariat secara deskriptif. Kemudian dilakukan kategorisasi dengan berdasarkan nilai median. Analisis persepsi masyarakat terhadap peran apoteker di Apotek Kecamatan Sokaraja, Baturraden, Sumbang, dan Kedungbanteng memperoleh hasil diantaranya adalah sebanyak 65,45% masyarakat memiliki kesadaran (general awareness) yang baik, 63,64% memiliki persepsi baik, 59,09% memiliki harapan yang baik, dan 50% memiliki pengalaman yang baik terhadap peran apoteker pada layanan kefarmasian di apotek. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kesadaran (general awareness), persepsi, harapan, dan pengalaman masyarakat terhadap peran apoteker di Apotek Kecamatan Sokaraja, Baturraden, Sumbang, dan Kedungbanteng cukup baik. Apoteker perlu menggunakan atribut praktik apoteker (jas atau name tag) di apotek untuk memudahkan masyarakat mengenali apoteker.
Comparison of marsupialization under nasal endoscopy versus lacrimal probing for treatment of congenital dacryocystoceles: a report of 40 cases
Authors: Cui Yan-Hui , Sun Peng , Tang Li-Xing , Zhang Cheng-Yue , Wu Qian , Yu Gang , Li Li , Wei Wen-Bin
Published: April 2020

Background: This study was performed to compare the efficacy of marsupialization under nasal endoscopy versus lacrimal probing for the treatment of congenital dacryocystocele. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled study. Forty neonates (43 eyes) diagnosed with congenital dacryocystoceles were divided into Group A (nasal endoscopic marsupialization) and Group B (lacrimal probing). The patients were followed up for 1 year after surgery. The efficacy, incidence of complications, and reoperation rate were compared between the two groups. Results: The male:female ratio was 25:15 patients (27:16 eyes). In Group A, the success rate was 100%, the incidence of complications was 5%, and the reoperation rate was 0%. In Group B, the success rate was 90%, the incidence of complications was 20%, and the reoperation rate was 30%. There was no significant difference in the success rate between the two groups, but the incidence of complications and the reoperation rate in the lacrimal probing group(Group B) were significantly higher than those in the nasal endoscopic marsupialization group(Group A). Conclusion: In the treatment of congenital dacryocystoceles, nasal endoscope marsupialization has the same success rate as lacrimal duct probing, but the former is more effective and safer in clinical practice.
Old Well Temple·New Academic Garden—A Review of the History of Construction and Sustainable Development of UNC’s Old Well Temple
Authors: Zhang Xiaowei , Huang Xinjian , Li Jiujun
Published: April 2020

The Old Well Temple, which represents a kind of humanistic spirit rooted in the 18th century, is a symbol of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Due to the concern and protection of all walks of life for more than 200 years, the Old Well Temple, which is associated with traditional wisdom, is still alive today, inspiring generations of latecomers. As per the context of the current heritage protection, this paper reviews the sustainable processing of the historical and cultural heritage protection project. After analyzing its function and characteristics in the changes of social trends, campus planning and design, and architectural art language, the article believes that the Old Well Temple’s proportion is a combination of the Circle Square & Square Circle Pattern and the Vitruvian Man. It provides a reference for the theory and practice of conservation and sustainable development of the current historical and cultural heritage.