bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Traditional beliefs and practices of postpartum care in rural East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Toy Sarci Magdalena , Ndoen Enjelita Mariance , Ndun Helga Jilvera Nathalia
Published: August 2024

Maternal mortality remains a pressing public health issue in Indonesia, particularly for mothers residing in rural regions who often forego postnatal health services due to traditional beliefs and practices. This qualitative research delved into the cultural perspectives of the local community to gain insight into the care practices of postpartum mothers in rural areas of NTT Province, Indonesia. The study involved in-depth interviews with nine participants, including four postpartum mothers, four family members, and one village midwife, with the interview data analyzed thematically. The research revealed that cultural beliefs and practices revolving around the postpartum period in NTT align with shared beliefs and traditional practices found in various Asian societies. This includes behavioral taboos and food restrictions. The study also identified two primary postpartum traditions aimed at restoring the postpartum mother's body heat and strength. All postpartum mothers adhere to traditional care practices because they believe in their benefits, pressure from family members, and fear of non-compliance consequences. However, postnatal mothers and their families have low postnatal care visits and do not receive adequate information about postpartum care. Health literacy for postpartum women and their families in rural areas needs to be improved and health workers should provide culturally sensitive maternal health services.
Components of basic feeding rule for infants aged 6-24 months: a scoping review
Authors: Haryanti Fitri , Andarwati Fitriana , Risnawati Hani , Lusmilasari Lely , Hartini Sri
Published: August 2024

Introducing complementary foods at six months helps supplement nutrients and address potential eating challenges in infants. Childhood eating difficulties can contribute to growth issues. This scoping review aimed to identify the components of feeding rules for infants aged 6-24 months. A systematic search of three electronic databases yielded 5,174 abstracts, with 18 complete articles assessed for eligibility. After eliminating 8 articles, 10 met the criteria. The feeding rules comprise three main components: schedule, environment, and procedure. Adhering to these basic rules can enhance a child's growth rate and reduce the risk of failure to thrive. Responsive feeding is closely linked to these rules, categorized based on feeding schedule, procedures, and environment. Hence, it is crucial for healthcare professionals to provide counseling on the fundamental principles of complementary feeding.
Indications and findings of upper gut endoscopy in pediatric patients
Authors: Hasanah Annisa' , Mandiricha Tara
Published: August 2024

Children undergoing more gastrointestinal endoscopies without the necessary indications risk serious adverse effects. Therefore, upper GI (UGI) endoscopy examination requires selective indications to minimize the risk of unnecessary use of UGI endoscopy. This study aimed to analyze the indications for endoscopy based on the main UGI complaints in pediatric patients at Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang. A retrospective analysis of the first diagnostic endoscopy in children was conducted between July 2022 to July 2023 at Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang. Among 60 patients were included with an age of 0-15 years old; 51.7% were boys and 48.3% were girls. The results showed recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) as the primary cause of UGI endoscopic indications (38.3%), followed by blood vomiting (33.3%), acute abdominal pain (21.6%), and prolonged vomiting (6.66%). In conclusion, recurrent abdominal pain in children is the most typical reason for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and persistent gastritis is the most typical underlying condition.
A systematic review on internet addiction through various assessment tools among chinese college student’s context
Authors: Yue Li , Bakar Zainudin Bin Abu , Ashari Zakiah Binti Mohamad
Published: August 2024

With the rapid development of information technology, the internet has evolved into an essential tool in everyday life. The global proportion of internet users has consistently risen in recent years. Notably, China boasts substantial internet users, with students representing the largest demographic, especially college students. The purpose of this study is to explore the issue of internet addiction among Chinese college students through various assessment tools. This study conducted a systematic literature review with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A total of 409 publications were screened, and 23 were deemed eligible for inclusion in the review. The result revealed that there is no gold standard for evaluating internet addiction. Five types of instruments have been identified, and reported prevalence rates vary due to distinct assessment instruments and thresholds, spanning from 6.81% to 54.86%. Furthermore, internet addiction is associated with four factors among Chinese college students. Therefore, this study furnishes epidemiological evidence to support the prevention of internet addiction and the enhancement of mental health among college students.
Exploring fertility differentials between tea and ex-tea garden laborers of Assam
Authors: Kalita Lipika , Choudhury Hari K.
Published: August 2024

Addressing the issue of high fertility rates among tea garden laborers in Assam is critical due to its adverse effects on the health of both mothers and children, diminished investment in human capital, stunted economic growth, and exacerbated environmental challenges. To effectively tackle this challenge, we need to delve into two key questions: What perpetuates high fertility rates, and how can we mitigate them? The solution lies in a comprehensive analysis of the immediate and underlying factors influencing fertility. Fertility is a multifaceted demographic phenomenon influenced by both direct and indirect determinants. In this study, we investigate the impact of various proximate and distant factors on fertility among two groups: The tea garden labor community in Assam and the ex-tea garden labor community, comprising individuals who have transitioned to other forms of employment. Our research identifies significant factors such as wife's age at marriage, breastfeeding duration, educational attainment, family size, duration of married life, child mortality, respondent category, and wife's occupational status that affect fertility levels in Assam's tea garden community. The study's findings indicate the need for implementing targeted family planning and reproductive health education programs within tea garden communities. These programs should offer comprehensive information and resources to assist individuals in making informed decisions regarding family size and reproductive health.
Unraveling spinal cord injury caregiver burden in Indonesia
Authors: Biben Vitriana , Sumardi Novitri , Wijaya Arya , Simatupang Septania Elfira , Nurarifah Sitti Ayu Hemas
Published: August 2024

Diverse cultural, social, and economic backgrounds significantly influence the caregiver burden of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients, affecting their quality of life (QoL) and the overall care experience. This study was done to identify spinal cord caregivers' QoL in Indonesia through their burden and the variables that influence it. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia, involved 137 primary SCI caregivers. The burden of these caregivers was evaluated using the Indonesian version of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF questionnaires. The data was analyzed with multiple linear regression and spearman analysis using SPSS version 24. The majority of SCI caregivers have a mild to moderate burden (54.7%). The burden score was significantly correlated, especially with occupational status and the length of interaction each day (p<0.001). It also found a significant with strong negative correlation (referring to the Guilford criteria) between caregiver burden and QoL (r-value −0.750; p-value <0.001). Indonesian caregivers' cultural and economic backgrounds may alleviate their burden in caregiving, but attention to patient occupational status and care duration is crucial to prevent worsening their quality of life, particularly for SCI survivors they care for.
Holistic characterization analysis of tar waste content from gasification process at Surakarta landfill
Authors: Rahayu Putu Elsa Purnama , Rachmawati Siti , Setyono Prabang
Published: August 2024

Surakarta is facing serious problems related to waste management at the Putri Cempo landfill. PT. Solo Citra Metro Plasma Power with the Surakarta city government built a waste power plant installation with gasification technology. Tar waste is a gasification liquid product that is dangerous if not managed. This study aimed to determine the heavy metal content and toxicity level of gasified tar waste using the atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and lethal dose-50 (LD50) acute toxicity test. The parameters of heavy metals tested are lead (Pb), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and total chromium (Cr). In the LD50 test, the animals were divided into 5 groups, namely 1 control group and 4 groups with doses of 0.50 mL, 1 mL, 2 mL, and 4 mL. The results showed that the tar contained 17.4 mg/L of iron, 3.5 mg/L of zinc, and <0.01 mg/L of lead, copper, and chromium. Acute toxicity tests did not cause death in the animals but still showed toxic symptoms, so the LD50 value is declared pseudo. The content of some heavy metals in tar is within safe limits and the level of toxicity is relatively harmless.
Structural equation modeling: exploring relationships of body mass index, waist circumference, and hypertension in elderly
Authors: Sudaryanto Wahyu Tri , Herawati Isnaini , Wahyuni Wahyuni , Ayuningrum Ika Yuli , Murti Bhisma , Setiawan Rizki , Putri Nuristiqomah Dwi
Published: August 2024

Waist circumference (WC) measurements in the elderly are uncommon and erratic. Furthermore, its correlation to hypertension has received less attention in Indonesia. This study attempted to investigate direct and indirect risk factors for high blood pressure in the elderly using structural equation modeling (SEM). A cross-sectional study was conducted in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. The 297 elderly aged ≥60 is eager to take part. The path model of factors associated with blood pressure was analyzed using Stata 13. Male (b=-0.43; 95% CI=-5.67 to 4.81; p=0.872), age (b=0.52; 95% CI=0.12 to 0.93; p=0.012), and WC (b=0.35; 95% CI=0.17 to 0.53; p<0.001) directly affected systolic blood pressure (SBP). Male (b=1.83; 95% CI=-1.17 to 4.82; p=0.231), age (b=-0.03; 95% CI=-0.26 to 0.20; p=0.790), BMI (b=0.40; 95% CI=-0.03 to 0.83; p=0.067), and WC (b=0.04; 95% CI=-0.09 to 0.16; p=0.571) directly affected diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Increasing age, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) are the important variables that influence blood pressure in older people. This study supports the evidence that body composition and weight control are necessary to prevent and control blood pressure in the elderly.
The effect of empowerment to improve patient safety culture among hospital nurses
Authors: Rusdi Rusdi , Said Faridah Mohd , Umar Nur Syazana
Published: August 2024

A decline in the quality of services provided to patients and an increase in patient care costs are caused by a decline in their ability to work. Patient safety culture is a product of individual and group values, attitudes, competencies, and behavioral patterns that determine the commitment, style, and capabilities of a health service organization towards patient safety programs. This study examined the effects of empowerment on patient safety culture and employed descriptive, cross-sectional, analytical methodology. Proportionate random sampling was the sample method used at a hospital in Samarinda, Indonesia, with 119 respondents. Hospital surveys regarding patient safety culture and empowerment were used to gather data. Partial least squares and structural equation modeling were used for data analysis. Regarding opportunity indications for activities, the empowerment average had the highest score, 15.8 (SD=2.987). For teamwork within the unit, the patient safety culture had the highest average score of 13.3 (SD=1.777). The initial sample estimate value of 0.677 indicated that empowerment had a positive impact on patient safety culture. The T-Test result was 15.180, indicating that the value was greater than 1.98. Nurses’ autonomy in their work can be supported through empowerment. The stronger the empowerment, the more patient-safety culture the hospital will have.
Cybersex behavior and related factors among adolescents in Indonesia
Authors: Budiarti Astrida , Varwani Mey Lita Eka , Hastuti Puji , Fatimawati Iis
Published: August 2024

Cybersex behavior can lead to potential harm and addiction among adolescents. The aim of this study was to analyze factors that influence cybersex behavior among adolescents. The design used in this study was a cross-sectional. Data was collected from students at senior high school from March to June 2022 using simple random sampling. Total sample was 140 students. The questionnaire were parental sexual communication questionnaires, family monitoring questionnaires, peer interaction questionnaires, internet addiction test (IAT), internet sex screening test. Data was analyzed using Spearman's Rho test. The results showed that parental sexual communication was in the low category (55.7%), family monitoring was in the low category (39.3%), most of the adolescent’s peer interaction was at a moderate level (88.6%), the use of social media was moderate (85%), cybersex behavior was at risk was 97.1%. The results show that there was a relationship between parental sexual communication and cybersex behavior (p=0.002); peer interaction and cybersex behavior (p=0.002), social media and cybersex behavior (p=0.000); family monitoring and cybersex behavior (ρ=0.000) among adolescents. Parental monitoring and communication, social media use education and look for positive peer are important factors to prevent cybersex behavior among adolescents.
The differences historical abortion and hemoglobin between hazard volcano eruption
Authors: Susanto Nugroho , Hidayani Wuri Ratna , Apriyan Nur
Published: August 2024

The disaster area volcano is priority for intervention through maternal health is vulnerable group. Previous study estimate severe bleeding /haemorrhage was up to 71.9%, anaemia 51%. The study aimed to know incident of history abortion and haemoglobin in zone hazard risk volcanic eruption after 10th. Study addressed with cross-sectional design. The data history abortion and haemoglobin were collected with medical record in Puskesmas Cangkringan. The hazard level adoption in National Disaster Management Agency/Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) divide 3 zone hazard risks. Data analysis by Health Mapper version 4.3 software and analysis with analysis of variance (ANOVA). The incidence of history abortion higher in zone 2 compare zones 1 and 3 volcanic disaster. The average of haemoglobin higher in zone 1 as 12.54±1.67 compare zones 2 and 3 volcanic disaster. No significant differences history abortion and haemoglobin between zones 1 to 3 volcanic disaster. The study concluded that history of abortion higher in zone 3 compared zones 1 and 2 volcanic disaster. The average of haemoglobin higher in zone 1 compared zones 2 and 3 volcanic disaster. No differences significant of history abortion and average haemoglobin between zones 1 to 3.
The impact of COVID-19 on dengue cases in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Rahastri Ajeng , Sulistyawati Sulistyawati
Published: August 2024

The WHO declared the COVID-19 pandemic on March 11, 2020, impacting infectious disease surveillance in low-resource, low-income countries, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Governments are focusing on COVID-19 reduction, including healthcare workers and epidemiological teams. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to assess this impact. After examining over 19,000 studies, only six were found to provide relevant data. Our analysis revealed that the pandemic substantially affected dengue incidence. The total number of articles obtained was 19,382. Out of the 136 articles screened based on their abstracts, only six were selected for data extraction. The databases utilized in this article were Pubmed and NCBI. Based on the chosen papers, we discovered that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a notable impact on the occurrence of dengue compared to the period before the pandemic emerged. The occurrence of dengue varied in several nations, such as Peru, Brazil, Sri Lanka, India, and Malaysia. This variation can be attributed to factors such as reliance on traditional approaches, for example community health volunteers in epidemiological investigations. Additionally, misdiagnoses by healthcare professionals due to the similarity of symptoms with COVID-19 have been reported during the pandemic. While the prevalence of dengue fever cases has generally declined in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), one country has experienced an increased case. This trend is possibly linked to heightened pandemic surveillance and changes in mosquito populations. To improve monitoring and surveillance, a digital approach is proposed.
Risk factors of metabolic syndrome in women of reproductive age at mining area
Authors: Luthviatin Novia , Setiani Onny , Widjanarko Bagoes , Rahfiludin Mohammad Zen , Kartini Apoina , Raharjo Mursid
Published: August 2024

Lead is one of the four most dangerous heavy metal pollutants, toxic to human health, and linked to metabolic syndrome (MetS). This research aimed to analyze the relationship between respondent characteristics, blood lead level (BLL), nutrition intake, and physical activity to MetS and its components in women of reproductive age at Pemali District Mining Area, Bangka Belitung Regency. This research was conducted with a case-control approach involving 70 women of reproductive age (35 cases and 35 controls). Data was analyzed using chi-square and Mann-Witney tests for bivariate analysis and regression test logistics for multivariate analysis. Based on bivariate analysis, there is a significant relationship between body mass index (BMI) (p=0.000), salt intake (p=0.017), and seasoning intake (p=0.017) to MetS; meanwhile, BLL is not associated with MetS (p=0.473) but are associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) (p=0.019). Multivariate test results show that BMI (p=0.000; OR=7.995) and salt intake (p=0.030; OR=6.812) are significant risk factors for MetS. Women of reproductive age must maintain BMI within normal levels and reduce daily salt intake to prevent the occurrence of MetS. BLL must be controlled to prevent decreased HDLC levels in women of reproductive age.
Influence of behavioral and genetic variables on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged monks of Thailand
Authors: Hakaew Utane , Sakphisutthikul Chutikan , Laohasiriwong Wongsa , Thammawongsa Pittaya , Mahato Roshan Kumar
Published: August 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its associated complications present a major health problem for the Thai people, including Buddhist monks. This study aimed to identify the influence of behavioural and genetic variables on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged monks of Thailand. The study analyzed data from the health data centre of the Department of Public Health, Thailand, focusing on middle-aged monks in 76 provinces across 12 regions. The study recruited 6,408 Thai monks who met inclusion and exclusion criteria between October 2015-November 2019. Multivariable analysis was performed using a generalized linear mixed model, with adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals reported at a significance level of 0.05. Our study found that among the middle-aged monks of Thailand, 7.12% (95% CI: 6.49-7.78) had diabetes mellitus out of a total of 6,408. The results of our multivariable analysis showed that the following factors were associated with diabetes mellitus in monks of Thailand: respondents’ body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 (AOR=4.26, 95% CI: 3.08-5.90, p-value <0.001), respondents with a family history of DM (AOR=3.37, 95% CI: 2.52-4.81, p-value<0.001), and respondent’s age ranges of 55-59 (AOR=2.87, 95% CI: 2.26-3.84, p-value<0.001), respectively. Diabetes millatus is significantly associated with the respondents who were obese, aged, and had a family history of DM. Therefore, a regular DM screening program as well as a timely health monitoring system for monks will enhance the diabetes control program in reducing the DM burden in Thailand.
Intervention programme to improve emotional regulation among adolescent with mental disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Kholifah Siti , Khuzaimah Ahmad Sharoni Siti , Yusuf Ah
Published: August 2024

Adolescence is an important period for developing social and emotional habits that are important for mental well-being. This research aimed to know the effectiveness of intervention programs to improve emotional regulation in adolescents with mental disorders. Preparation using the PICO approach, determination of inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a literature review of scientific English articles published between 2016 and 2023 were conducted. Data were obtained from the SCOPUS, Science Direct, SpringerLink, ProQuest, and SAGE databases. Assessment of the title, abstract, and full text of the article with the keywords "Adolescent," "Child," "Teenager," "Emotion regulation," "Emotion exposure," "Intervention," "Mental Disorders," "Randomised Control Trial." The systematic review report was reviewed critically to ensure that all PRISMA steps and items were included. Nine articles met the inclusion criteria. The choice of programs and methods of intervention may vary depending on the specific mental disorders and individual needs of adolescents. Nursing interventions, including cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based interventions, group therapy, support groups, and school-based programs, are widely used to manage and treat mental health disorders with the aim of improving well-being and recovery. The effectiveness of intervention programs varies, and selection should consider adolescent needs, resources, and cultural contexts. Consulting mental health professionals or organizations is recommended.
Parcipatory action research for dengue control in Samarinda, Indonesia
Authors: Ridha Muhammad Rasyid , Yudhastuti Ririh , Juhairiyah Juhairiyah , Garjito Triwibowo Ambar , Aisyah St. , Nisa Khairatun , Agustina Norsita
Published: August 2024

Dengue control with community empowerment is the 1 house 1 larva monitor officer/Gerakan 1 Rumah 1 Jumantik (G1R1J). G1R1J is a national movement of community empowerment at the household level in an effort to reduce dengue This research aims to implement G1R1J through participatory action research. This research was conducted in Samarinda City, East Kalimantan, Indonesia with a participatory action research approach. The activities carried out were workshops, socialization, focus group discussions, and mentoring. The research evaluation was in the form of entomological surveys, namely before and after the activity. The important points of this research are that in the community independently Gerakan Emak-Emak Pembasmi Jentik Trisari (GEMATRI) has been formed, and the involvement of the village in the form of socialization and training, murals initiated by cadres, and training initiated by the village. At the policy level there is a decree of delegation of authority and budget for activities including dengue from the health office to the sub-district, but the public health center (Puskesmas) plays a role in providing assistance and counseling in the community. The larva-free index also increased from 50.67 to 66.43. We believe that the participation of the community, health cadres, and policy makers is very important to reduce the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in the future.
Low-frequency vibration therapy enhances recovery in college football athletes after fatigue-induced exercise
Authors: Zhao Wenlong , Eungpinichpong Wichai , Wang Xingze
Published: August 2024

Vibration therapy is known to help with muscle fatigue from daily activities. Research is ongoing, but early signs suggest it might be a promising tool for health promotion via faster recovery after streneous exercise. This randomized controlled trial examined the effects of low-frequency vibration therapy (LFVT) on recovery of lower back muscles after induced fatigue. Recovery-related parameters, including pressure pain threshold (PPT), visual analog scales (VAS) of perceived fatigue, sit-and-reach (SAR), and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured before the session of induced fatigue, immediately after receiving either the LFVT or the rest, and 24-hour follow-up period. Seventy participants were allocated to either LFVT group (received a 10-minute session of LFVT) or control group (rested under the same environment). Results showed that participants in LFVT group significantly improved VAS and PPT after intervention. The between-group comparison revealed that the improvement in the average heartbeat (AHB), VAS, SAR, and PPT were greater in LFVT group than in control group immediately after the treatment. Moreover, improvements in SAR and PPT were also greater in the LFVT group than in the control at 24-hour follow-up. The findings revealed that LFVT can be used as a recovery-health care method for football athletes.
Effect of combining oketani and oxytocin massage towards breast milk production: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Dewi Adinda Putri Sari , Kusumastuti Kusumastuti
Published: August 2024

Challenges in achieving exclusive breastfeeding often emerge during the initial days when complete establishment of breast milk production may not occur. In this vulnerable period, infants might receive supplementary foods or drinks, creating barriers to exclusive breastfeeding. This study seeks to integrate oketani and oxytocin massage with a suggestive approach to evaluate their impact on breast milk production among mothers. Employing a quasi-experimental design with a pre-post-test control group, the research focuses on postpartum mothers at PKU Muhammadiyah Gombong Hospital, with a sample size of 60 respondents chosen through purposive sampling. Demographic data and observation sheets were utilized to document breast milk production before and after the intervention. Data analysis involved Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. The study revealed a significant difference between pre- and post-intervention phases within the intervention group (p-value <0.005), indicating noteworthy changes following the implementation of oketani and oxytocin massages. The interventions demonstrated potential in enhancing breast softness, nipple and areola elasticity, and overall milk production, offering valuable insights into non-pharmacological approaches for supporting breastfeeding.
Multidrug resistant tuberculosis risk factors in Makassar, Indonesia
Authors: Burhan Siti Latifah , Wahiduddin Wahiduddin , Maria Ida Leida , Bustan M Nadjib , Saleh Lalu Muhammad , Balqis Balqis
Published: August 2024

Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a significant public health concern in Indonesia, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality rates. This study aimed to quantify the impact of risk factors of MDR-TB. A case-control study was conducted at Makassar Community Lung Health Center (BBKPM) in Makassar City. A total of 132 respondents, 66 cases, and 66 controls have participated in the study. Data was analyzed using the Stata version 14 tool, odds ratio (OR), and multiple logistic regression. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified significant risk factors for the occurrence of MDR-TB include previous TB treatment (OR=8.46, 95% CI: 3.278-21.858), positive acid-fast bacilli (AFB) sputum (OR=6.40, 95% CI: 2.525-16.260), and adverse drug event (OR=3.45, 95% CI: 1.008-11.867). The probability of developing MDR-TB is 95.9% if there is previous TB treatment with cases of relapse/loss to follow-up/failed treatment, positive AFB sputum, and adverse drug event. The most dominant risk factor for the occurrence of MDR-TB is a previous TB treatment. We suggest that an efficient directly observed treatment shortcourse (DOTS) strategy, particularly in the management of adverse drug event, overseeing and supporting patients who have recovered from MDR-TB, involves the collaboration of MDR-TB healthcare professionals and patient supporters in the Yamali TB community, moving synergistically as an effort to MDR-TB control and prevention.
Different Indeed: Portuguese Sovereign Debt from 1500 to 1796
Authors: Costa Leonor Freire , Henriques António Castro
Published: August 2024

This paper presents the main findings of a project on Portuguese sovereign credit from 1500 to 1797. After presenting the institutional framework of the main credit instrument (juro), we analyse the evolution of the interest rates, debt stocks, and debt-to- GDP and debt-to-revenue ratios, with some international comparisons. We find that, when seen in a comparative mirror, the Portuguese sovereign credit had some outstanding features: despite the sound credibility of the debt instrument used (juro) and low interest rates, debt stocks and levels were comparatively moderate.
Crassatella rubrolineata Turton, 1932, as a replacement name for Crassatella sowerbyi Lamy, 1917 non Wood, 1871 (Bivalvia, Crassatellidae), and a revision of Wood’s subspecies of C. sowerbyi
Authors: COLLINS KATIE S.
Published: August 2024

Resolving and disambiguating the many names given to fossil and Recent Crassatellidae is sometimes a knotty problem, exacerbated by the subtle differences between taxa and many applications of simple descriptive specific epithets (‘sulcata’, ‘rostrata’, ‘compressa’ etc.) leading to homonyms requiring resolution. The common decision to (perhaps) soften the blow of replacing someone’s name by erecting an eponym as a replacement to honour them has led to further unresolved homonyms and taxonomic ambiguities. One such case is addressed here.
In this paper I resolve the homonymy of Crassatella sowerbyi Wood with Crassatella sowerbyi Lamy by replacing Lamy’s name with the available junior synonym C. rubrolineata Turton. Further, I revise the suite of taxa considered by Wood to be of subspecific rank within C. sowerbyi: I synonymise C. s. var. obesa with C. sowerbyi, and elevate C. s. var. semilaevis and C. s. var. hantoniensis to full specific rank. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided for all species.
Detrimental Effects of Remaining Silent about Operational Concerns at Work: Implications for employee outcomes
Authors: Ozer Muammer , Chen Tingting , Tang Jacky W.
Published: August 2024

Although employee opinions play an important role in effective organizational functioning, research shows that employees, paradoxically, tend to withhold their opinions at work. Responding to numerous calls for future research in the literature, we study the adverse effects of employee silence on employee outcomes. Using a field study and an experimental study, we advance the current understanding of employee silence and show its detrimental consequences for employees’ job performance and creativity and the mechanisms underlying these relationships. Both studies consistently showed that employees’ silence about their work-related operational concerns was positively related to their emotional exhaustion, which was then negatively related to their job performance and creativity. Moreover, they revealed that these relationships were stronger when employees’ internal locus of control and the actionability of their concerns were high rather than low.
Open-source synthetic photoplethysmographic signal generator with analog output
Authors: Gentilin Alessandro
Published: August 2024

The photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal of the finger is being used to create embedded devices that estimate physiological variables. This project outlines an innovative method for developing a synthetic PPG generator that produces both actual reference digital signals and their equivalent analog signals using open-source technology. A series of PPG profiles is synthesized using three variant Gaussian functions. A low-frequency trend induced by respiratory frequency and background noise are then added. To generate a diverse range of continuously variable PPG profiles within specified boundaries and customizable levels of interference, all parameters undergo random fluctuations on a cycle-by-cycle basis, as per user-defined constraints. The generated signal is then converted into its equivalent analog form through the use of an RC filter that low-frequency filters a Pulse-Width Modulation square wave that is modulated directly by the generated signal. The software returns different PPG profiles and allows the signal comparison before vs after the addition of different-intensity modulated respiratory trends and background noise. The digital signal is faithfully converted into an equivalent analog voltage signal capable of reproducing not only the waveform profile but also the respiratory trend and various levels of noise.
Perspectives and Expertise of Secondary Ensemble Music Educators With ADHD
Authors: Hopkins Erin J.
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this multiple case study was to describe how music educators with ADHD believed that their condition shaped their approach to teaching music in secondary ensemble settings. One band, one orchestra, and one choir teacher participated in interviews, observations, and reflective journaling to share their perspectives on how they accommodated their own needs, how they tailored instruction to the characteristics of their students with ADHD, and how they approached inclusion of other neurodivergent students. Emergent themes included intrapersonal knowledge of ADHD, professional success through self-support, and supporting students through empathy-based strategies. The experiences and perspectives of these music educators demonstrated the value of including neurodivergent voices in efforts to ensure that music educators are prepared to provide equitable instruction for neurodivergent students.
Toward Adaptive Virtual Reality Systems: Understanding Emotional and Physiological Responses in VR Game
Authors: Bayro Allison , Jeong Heejin
Published: August 2024

Virtual reality (VR) affective computing is expanding to include systems that can identify and respond to human emotions. This study explores emotional responses in VR using the game Pong to monitor these reactions under different gameplay conditions. It investigates how game pace and opponent behavior affect emotions, assessed through physiological metrics like electrocardiogram, galvanic skin response, electromyogram, and player behaviors. Results from three game variations—slow-paced, fast-paced, and lag-induced—showed distinct emotional and physiological responses. Significant differences were found in arousal and valence levels, with varying heart rate and skin conductance among the game conditions. These findings suggest that VR game design can significantly influence emotional states, providing insights that could help develop more engaging and responsive VR systems. Thus, this study demonstrates the potential of VR to evoke and measure specific emotional responses, contributing to the fields of human-computer interaction, and affective computing.
The Importance of Timing—An Expert Evaluation on Latencies for Voice Assistants
Authors: Sogemeier Denise , Forster Yannick , Naujoks Frederik , Krems Josef F. , Keinath Andreas
Published: August 2024

In a driving simulator study, six experts interacted with an in-vehicle voice assistant (VA) and rated different latencies. The results suggest that in order to maintain drivers’ satisfaction with the interaction, in-vehicle VAs should have a latency of no more than 5 s. A slight delay of 1.5 s was rated best while shorter latencies caused highest variance amongst experts—indicating that the fastest response may not necessarily be the most desirable. Satisfaction may also depend on the complexity of the use case as experts showed higher tolerance toward longer latencies in the navigation-domain. Furthermore, our results raise thought-provoking insights about the importance of considering human expectations and preferences in the design of in-vehicle VAs. Despite technological advancements, humans might still expect a natural delay, similar to that in a human-human interaction. These findings emphasize the need to balance using cutting-edge technology with the desire for familiar interactions.
ErgoReality: A Virtual Reality Simulations Software for Ergonomic Analysis of Workstation Design
Authors: Morse Christopher , Mokhlespour Esfahani Mohammad Iman , Krishnan Suresh
Published: August 2024

Traditional tools for ergonomic assessments of workstation designs often involve ergonomists using Digital Human Modeling (DHM) software to simulate worker motions. However, these tools can be limited by posture prediction algorithms that fail to capture the full range and variability of human behavior. Virtual Reality (VR) offers an alternative by enabling workers to perform tasks within simulated workspaces, where their movements are captured using motion tracking systems. This approach generates kinematic data that can overcome the shortcomings of DHM tools, facilitating improved accuracy in the ergonomic evaluation of workstation design. Building multiple alternative virtual workstations is not only quicker but also more cost-effective than building physical prototypes. In this paper, we introduce a VR application, ErgoReality, and discuss its three main components: simulation development, data collection, and ergonomic analysis. We also explore further research areas to enhance the tool, address potential limitations, and propose strategies to mitigate these challenges.
Sleep, Wellness, and Mood of Personnel Standing Watch on US Navy Information Warfare Watchfloors
Authors: Shattuck Nita Lewis , Matsangas Panagiotis , McClernon Christopher K.
Published: August 2024

This project aimed to improve the sleep, wellness, and mood of personnel standing watch on US Navy Information Warfare watchfloors. Data were collected from 82 participants on two US Navy watchfloors. Volunteers wore ŌURA rings and completed questionnaires at the beginning and end of the study. Our findings suggest that the 6-section/8-hour-shift watchbill is generally preferable to the 4-section/12-hour-shift watchbill. We developed general guidelines and recommendations for fatigue mitigation based on the data collected from the two watchfloors, the predicted effectiveness of the two watchbills calculated using the Sleep, Activity, Fatigue, and Task Effectiveness (SAFTE-FAST) model, and background literature on shiftwork. The recommendations for watchstanders focused on sleep hygiene practices, sleep environment, timing of sleep and naps, light management, the use of caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine, nutrition, and exercise.
Brake Response Time and the Effects of Parked and Incurring Vehicles on Driver Behavior
Authors: D’Addario Pamela M. , Ising Kurt W. , Siegmund Gunter P.
Published: August 2024

A commonly investigated parameter in driving research is perception-response time (PRT), which refers to the duration required for a driver to respond to a roadway hazard. This study used a driving simulator to reproduce a commonly cited test-track response-time study by Mazzae et al., where responses to a laterally incurring vehicle were investigated. The primary goal of the current study was to evaluate how different factors in the configuration of the Mazzae et al. study, namely presence of parked roadside vehicles and incurring vehicles, affected response times. We enrolled 88 subjects and had them operate a driving simulator that replicated the prior study’s test track with and without the parked and incurring vehicles. A delay in accelerator pedal release was found when the incursion vehicles were present during three prior non-event passes through the critical intersection. The presence of parked vehicles did not affect response times. Accelerator-release times and brake response times from our simulator study align well with the original test-track response-time data.
Improving Pedestrian Conspicuity at Night: Testing the Efficacy of an Educational Intervention
Authors: McCree Morgan D. , Tyrrell Richard A. , Wood Joanne M. , Rosopa Patrick J.
Published: August 2024

Most pedestrian fatalities happen at night, and poor conspicuity has been identified as a critical problem. Researchers understand what typical pedestrians do not: At night, a pedestrian’s conspicuity heavily depends on contrast and the presence or absence of retroreflective markings and biological motion. This experiment aims to evaluate the impact of an 11-min educational video that explains these critical concepts. Half of the participants will view the video while the other half will not. All participants will provide quantitative estimates of the nighttime conspicuity and safety of a pedestrian wearing each of five clothing configurations. We hypothesize that participants who view the video will exhibit improved comprehension of safety-relevant concepts and the visual challenges experienced by drivers at night. This research could underscore the value of online interventions in educating road users about critical concepts that impact nighttime conspicuity, thereby encouraging them to adopt evidence-based methods to enhance their conspicuity.
Human-Integrated System Simulation Analysis “in the Wild”
Authors: Abbate Andrew J. , Cook Maia B.
Published: August 2024

Systems engineers often use model-based simulations to evaluate design concepts before building physical prototypes and running live experiments. However, their simulations typically lack infrastructure representing human behavior (e.g., cognitive tasks) and performance measures (e.g., workload). While human factors practitioners have developed simulation approaches that include such infrastructure, they typically employ languages, tools, and techniques that engineering teams cannot easily adopt given real-world budget and schedule constraints. To address this challenge, we propose a novel, lightweight approach to human-integrated system simulation analysis. Our approach enables the analyst to take a preexisting system model, add minimal human-model infrastructure, and run whole-system simulations that produce operator-workload and task-duration estimates, all using a common engineering language and tool, SysML and Cameo Systems Modeler, and any preexisting behavioral modeling technique. We demonstrate the approach using a simple, preexisting model of a fictitious space-telescope system.
Understanding the Influence of Fatigue on Full Arm Gestures in Augmented Reality Environments
Authors: Kim Jung Hyup , Pulipati Varun , Yu Ching-Yun , Wang Fang
Published: August 2024

This research investigates fatigue’s impact on arm gestures within augmented reality environments. Through the analysis of the gathered data, our goal is to develop a comprehensive understanding of the constraints and unique characteristics affecting the performance of arm gestures when individuals are fatigued. Based on our findings, prolonged engagement in full-arm movement gestures under the influence of fatigue resulted in a decline in muscle strength within upper body segments. Thus, this decline led to a notable reduction in the accuracy of gesture detection in the AR environment, dropping from an initial 97.7% to 75.9%. We also found that changes in torso movements can have a ripple effect on the upper and forearm regions. This valuable knowledge will enable us to enhance our gesture detection algorithms, thereby enhancing their precision and accuracy, even in fatigue-related situations.
Unlocking the Potential of Augmented Reality: Investigating its Impact on Laparoscopic Training
Authors: Elsaadany Isra K. , Gonzalez-Vargas Jessica M. , Moore Jason Z. , Miller Scarlett R.
Published: August 2024

Laparoscopic surgery is an important procedure that is performed over 15 million times annually. However, complications can reach up to 39%. Simulation-based training has been shown to be effective in laparoscopic surgery. Specifically, Augmented Reality (AR) simulators have been shown to improve performance. Leveraging the effectiveness of AR in medical training, this two-phase study aims to explore the potential utility of AR for laparoscopic training. Results from semi-structured interviews with experts and residents revealed that the advantages of current simulators include haptic feedback and disadvantages include lack of realism and visualizations. Results also showed that the most common challenges experienced by residents include camera navigation and trocar insertion. Results from user testing show that the AR simulator was perceived to have the ability to improve trocar insertion and laparoscopic surgery skills and practices more than current simulators. Thus, the AR simulator may be beneficial in improving skills in laparoscopic surgery.
Effect of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Splanchnic Vein Thrombosis: A Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wan Yun , Guo Linjuan , Xiong Meimei
Published: August 2024

Background

Since several studies have examined the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in treating patients with splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT), we conducted a meta-analyses to assess the safety and efficacy of DOACs compared to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in this population.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search using the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases until June 2024. We used odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as the effect measures to compare DOACs with VKAs.

Results

A total of 9 observational studies were included. The pooled analysis revealed that a trend towards higher complete recanalization rates with DOACs (71.4%) compared to VKAs (55.3%), though not statistically significant (OR 1.95; 95%CI 0.70 to 5.44). For SVT extension, a significant effect was observed favoring DOACs (OR 0.12; 95%CI 0.03 to 0.54). No significant differences were found in other efficacy outcomes or safety outcomes, except for major bleeding, which was significantly lower with DOACs (OR 0.27; 95%CI 0.13 to 0.56).

Conclusion

DOACs are superior to VKAs in SVT extension and major bleeding, suggesting that DOACs may be a favorable treatment option in the treatment of SVT.