bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATION IN ENGLISH// International Journal of Educational and Scientific Research 1(14), 2022/ Chief Editor D. Sidorkin /OEAPS OU - Tallinn, Estonia (Open European Academy of Public Sciences). Marseille, France 30.04.2022: OEAPS OU., 2022 - P. 14-18.
Authors: Imramzieva Sahinat Dzhamaldinovna
Published: June 2022

What is translation equivalence? “The equivalence of individual words in the original and in contexts suggests the possible closeness of not only the objective logical, but also the connotative meaning of the related words, reflecting the way the speakers perceive the information contained in the word. The most important role in conveying the connotative aspect of the semantics of the original word is played by its emotional, stylistic, and figurative components. “The greatest degree of equivalence is noted in those cases when the word in the translation corresponding to the translated word in other contexts and has the same stylistic characteristic. Often this is achieved by translating terms that have terminological correspondences.
WHAT IS THE BETTER WAY TO LEARN VOCABULARY EFFECTIVELY? // International Journal of Educational and Scientific Research 1(14), 2022/ Chief Editor D. Sidorkin /OEAPS OU - Tallinn, Estonia (Open European Academy of Public Sciences). Marseille, France 30.04.2022: OEAPS OU., 2022 - P. 29-34.
Authors: Erzhanova Zhanna Borisovna
Published: June 2022

The article deals with the importance of learning vocabulary. What does it mean to “know a word”? Methods and approaches for learning vocabulary. The quantity of words a learner needs to know. How important is vocabulary? “Without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed”. This is how the linguist David Wilkins summed up the importance of vocabulary learning. His view is echoed in this advice to students from a recent coursebook (Dellar H and Hocking D, Innovations, LTP): ‘If you spend most of your time studying grammar, your English will not improve very much. You will see most improvement if you learn more words and expressions. You can say very little with grammar, but you can say almost anything with words!’
International Journal of Educational and Scientific Research 1(14), 2022/ Chief Editor D. Sidorkin /OEAPS OU - Tallinn, Estonia (Open European Academy of Public Sciences). Marseille, France 30.04.2022: OEAPS OU., 2022 - 144 P.
Authors: Erzhanova Zhanna Borisovna
Published: June 2022

The International Journal of Educational and Scientific Research publishes scientific manuscripts in thefield of education. The work should be of high quality and contextual, which, in the opinion of theEditorial Board, is of interest to international readers. The goals and objectives of the journal are asfollows:• Providing a journal that reports research on topics of international importance in educational contexts• Publication of high-quality manuscripts of international importance in terms of research and / orconclusions• Encourage collaboration with international groups of researchers who create special studies on thesetopics.
Theory- and evidence-based best practices for physical activity counseling for adults with spinal cord injury
Authors: Hoekstra Femke , Gainforth Heather L. , Broeksteeg Rogier , Corras Stephanie , Collins Delaney , Gaudet Sonja , Giroux Emily , McCallum Shannon , Ma Jasmin , Rakiecki Diane , Rockall Shannon , Van den Berg - Emons Rita , Vilsteren - Bessembinders Anniek van , Wilroy Jereme , Ginis Kathleen Martin
Published: June 2022

Objectives This project used a systematic and integrated knowledge translation (IKT) approach to co-create theory- and evidence-based best practices for physical activity counseling for adults with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods Guided by the IKT Guiding Principles, we meaningfully engaged research users throughout this project. A systematic approach was used. An international, multidisciplinary expert panel (n=15), including SCI researchers, counselors, and people with SCI, was established. Panel members participated in two online meetings to discuss the best practices by drawing upon new knowledge regarding counselor-client interactions, current evidence, and members’ own experiences. We used concepts from key literature on SCI-specific physical activity counseling and health behavior change theories. An external group of experts completed an online survey to test the clarity, usability and appropriateness of the best practices. Results The best practices document includes an introduction, the best practices, things to keep in mind, and a glossary. Best practices focused on how to deliver a conversation and what to discuss during a conversation. Examples include: build rapport, use a client-centred approach following the spirit of motivational interviewing, understand your client’s physical activity barriers, and share the SCI physical activity guidelines. External experts (n=25) rated the best practices on average as clear, useful, and appropriate. Conclusion We present the first systematically co-developed theory- and evidence-based best practices for SCI physical activity counseling. The implementation of the best practices will be supported by developing training modules. These new best practices can contribute to optimizing SCI physical activity counseling services across settings.
BERPIKIR KREATIF DAN MENERAPKAN MANAJEMEN PEMASARAN BANK SYARIAH
Authors: Annisa Nurul
Published: June 2022

Pemasaran syariah bukanlah konsep yang eklusif, fanatis, anti modernitas dan kaku, konsep yang dilakukan bersifat fleksibel, sebagaimana keluasan dan keluwesan syariah Islamiyah yang melandasinya.
Radicalization ecosystem as a confounder of violent extremism’s drivers
Authors: Muthuswamy Moorthy
Published: June 2022

Violent extremism is a destabilizing force; its underlying confounding influence should be accounted for to understand this phenomenon. Previous studies have identified its potential risk factors or drivers. This study of Sharia-invoking Salafi extremism addresses whether these factors or drivers are affected by the confounding influence of the radicalization ecosystem. Starting secularly, the newly-formed Eastern European nation of Kosovo became radicalized. Using the 2013 data obtained from Pew Research Center, this study computes measures of confounding influence by using public support levels for radical Islamist agendas before and after radicalization in Kosovo. Utilizing these data and those relating to the worldwide number of jihadist fighters in different periods, this study asserts that the ecosystem acts as a confounder of the risk factors and drivers of violent extremism, thus creating spurious correlations between the two. This study invokes a published theoretical framework for understanding the radicalization ecosystem behind the confounding vis-à-vis Salafi extremism. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the present study finds that mitigating the influence of the ecosystem offers the most comprehensive way of reducing violent extremism. Such a conclusion has implications for the direction of terrorism research.
Sejarah Ekonomi Islam Pada Periode Rasulullah dan Khalifah Pertama Abu Bakar Ash-Shidiq
Authors: Haqiqi Putri Fauziah , harefa Primoadin
Published: June 2022

AbstractIslamic economics has emerged in the 1970s, but the thought of Islamic economics has emerged at the time of the Prophet Muhammad. This Islamic economy emerged simultaneously with the revelation of the Qur'an and the lifetime of the Prophet in the 6th century to the 7th century AD. During the leadership of the Prophet Muhammad, precisely in the Medina period, the Islamic economy had been developed, although the concept was still very simple, but he was able to demonstrate the basic principles for economic management. The practice of Islamic economics at the time of the Prophet and Khulafaurrasyidin and tab'in shows the very large role of the market. Rasulullah really appreciates the price set by the market mechanism as a fair price.Keywords: History, Economics, Khulafaurrasyidin
DEFINISI, KRITERIA, DAN KONSEP UMKM
Authors: Rahmi
Published: June 2022

Abstrak:Dalam perekonomian Indonesia, peran dan kontribusi pelaku usaha dari skala usaha kecil dan menengah sangat besar, tidak hanya dalam hal penyerapan tenaga kerja yang melebihi 90%, namun juga kontribusinya bagi GDP Indonesia yang lebih dari 50% (Kementerian Koperasi dan UMKM,2012). UMKM dipandang sebagai pelaku ekonomi yang cukup fleksibel di dalam menyesuaikan dengan berbagai perubahan iklim usaha yang terjadi, sehingga tetap mampu memberikan kontribusi positif bagi perekonomian negara. Kontribusi tersebut akan semakin baik apabila berbagai permasalahan yang masih dihadapi UMKM dapat diatasi, dan salah satunya adalah permasalahan dalam memanfaatkan informasi akuntansi dalam berbagai pengambilan keputusan usahanya.
HOW EFFECTIVE IS AR IN EDUCATION?// International Journal of Educational and Scientific Research 1(14), 2022/ Chief Editor D. Sidorkin /OEAPS OU - Tallinn, Estonia (Open European Academy of Public Sciences). Marseille, France 30.04.2022: OEAPS OU., 2022 - P. 69-74.
Authors: Abdykadyrova Gulzhan Izbasarovna , Erzhanova Zhanna Borisovna
Published: June 2022

It’s cool how much we can add to our experience of the world with modern tech! For example, augmented reality is one such innovative technology, allowing us to visually represent all kinds of 3D objects with no physical form. To learn more about it, you can read how augmented reality works. Modern AR apps are used for various purposes, from entertainment to enterprise applications, and their usefulness has prompted thousands of organizations to utilize augmented reality in education and training, while educational establishments implement AR in teaching classes.
STABILITAS EKONOMI DALAM BERBAGAI SISTEM
Authors: Huzain Hasriany
Published: June 2022

Saat ini masyarakat muslim memerlukan ragam bentuk usaha menuju rekonstruksi dan pengembangan perubahan individu mendorong keinginannya sendiri untuk bekerja pada kekayaan milik pribadi dan semua jenis barang hailproduksi umum.
pendidikan kewarganegaraan penanaman karakter cinta tanah air dan semangat keebangsaan
Authors: Piana Wulan
Published: June 2022

karakter sangkat lah penting bagi pendidikan Indonesia yang merupakan dasar untuk membentuk karakter bangsa yang berkualitas, melahirkan pribadi pribadi unggul yang bukan hanya memiliki kemampuan kognitif saja namun memiliki karakter baik. Dalam lembaga pendidikan formal mempunyai tugas untuk melakukan pembentukan karakter, pembentukan karakter cinta tanah air, dan semangat kebangsaan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis upaya penanaman nilai karakter cinta tanah air, melalui strategis 1). Keteladanan; 2). Kedisiplinan; 3). Pembiasan; 4). Menciptakan suasana yang konduktif; 5). Integrasi dan Internalisasi
TERM MEANING IN THE LEXICAL-SEMANTIC SYSTEM OF THE LANGUAGE// International Journal of Educational and Scientific Research 1(14), 2022/ Chief Editor D. Sidorkin /OEAPS OU - Tallinn, Estonia (Open European Academy of Public Sciences). Marseille, France 30.04.2022: OEAPS OU., 2022 - P. 25-28.
Authors: Serikbayeva Ulzhamilya Bibatyrovna
Published: June 2022

Lexica - semantic system of a language - a system of vocabulary of a given language, a set of elements that are in regular relationships and form an integrity.Terminology is not just a lexical and semantic system; it is also a language system. Terms during their application undergo a certain change. They are not some special words; terms are special lexical units that have the properties to name and define something. Therefore, all the processes that occur in colloquial speech during communication between people are also characteristic of terms. Regarding this topic, one can name such features of terms as polysemy, homonymity, synonymy, anonymity. Such semantic processes in the terminological vocabulary have their own distinctive features that are absent in the general literary vocabulary.
Transdiagnostic Psychosocial Interventions to Promote Mental Health in Forcibly Displaced Persons: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Schäfer Sarah , Kunzler Angela , Lindner Saskia , Broll Jan , Stoll Marlene , Stoffers-Winterling Jutta Marie , Lieb Klaus
Published: June 2022

People forced to leave their homes, such as refugees and internally displaced persons, are exposed to various stressors during their forced displacement, putting them at risk for mental disorders. In view of the Russian military offensive in Ukraine, this review aimed at summarizing the evidence on the efficacy of transdiagnostic psychosocial interventions to promote mental health and/or to prevent mental symptoms in forcibly displaced persons of all ages. Four electronic databases and reference lists were searched for randomized controlled trials on interventions in this population from inception to March 11, 2022. Thirty-six studies were eligible, 32 were included in random-effects multilevel meta-analyses. Results on mental symptoms, M(SMD) = 0.26, p = .075, and positive mental health indicators like wellbeing, M(SMD) = 0.41, p = .182, provided no evidence for an effect favoring transdiagnostic interventions over control conditions in children/adolescents and adults. After excluding studies at risk of bias, meta-analyses on adult samples provided evidence for a small effect on mental symptoms and positive mental health, while analyses on children/adolescents yielded unchanged results. Heterogeneity was considerable, and certainty of evidence was very low. Future research should combine the imperative of humanitarian aid in face of major crises with studying forcibly displaced persons’ diverse needs to improve future interventions.
A single nucleotide variant on chromosome 2 residing within OXER1 distinguishes patients with HER2+ breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: June 2022

Molecular subtypes, including the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-enriched subtype (HER2+), drive patient outcomes in human breast cancer but the biological basis underlying subtype-specific disease is not completely understood (1-4). We mined published microarray data (5, 6) to discover in an unbiased fashion the most distinguishing genetic and transcriptional features of tumors of each breast cancer molecular subtype. We identified a single nucleotide polymorphism, rs2278586, residing within OXER1, as among the most significant genetic differences in the tumors of patients with HER2+ breast cancer. In a separate cohort of patients with HER2+ subtype breast cancer, we observed transcriptome-wide differential expression of an OXER1 transcript. Analysis of patient survival data revealed that OXER1 primary tumor expression was correlated with overall survival in patients with normal-like breast cancer. Sequence variation in the OXER1 gene may be important in understanding differences in genetic background that favor development of HER2+ subtype human breast cancer.
REVIEW of Science After the Practice Turn in the Philosophy, History, and Social Studies of Science.
Authors: Bietti Federico U.
Published: June 2022

This is a review article about the book "Science After the Practice Turn in the Philosophy, History, and Social Studies of Science." Edited by Léna Soler, Sjored Zwart, Michael Lynch and Vincent Israel-Jost. Routledge-April 2014. US$140
HOW NEW WORDS ARE BORN// International Journal of Educational and Scientific Research 1(14), 2022/ Chief Editor D. Sidorkin /OEAPS OU - Tallinn, Estonia (Open European Academy of Public Sciences). Marseille, France 30.04.2022: OEAPS OU., 2022 - P. 46-50.
Authors: Baigaskina Zhuldyz Kenzhetaevna , Erzhanova Zhanna Borisovna
Published: June 2022

Language and technology are continually evolving. In today’s shrinking world of instant communication with far off places and people, as well as the effect of TV and movies on culture everywhere, there is so much more to life on the Internet. The Internet has become an essential tool for communication over the last few years. People go online for an infinite number of reasons - to chat with coworkers, check daily papers, research homework problems, send e-mail, even to play games. With the advent of these communication interfaces, it’s no surprise that the language we use online has changed with the times. The variety of applications of new technology leads to new stylistic forms and increases the expressive range of a language, especially at the informal end of the spectrum. The language used online is that of real people of great diversity. English has become the dominant language of the Internet.
Sewa Bungan Dan Keuntungan
Authors: munawwar Sayyed akil
Published: June 2022

Permintaan Terhadap Dana ModalBerbagai jenis investasi mempunyai pengembalian modal yang berbeda. Aa yang tingkat pengembalian modalnya tinggi daaan ada pula tingkat pengembalian modalnya rendah
TECHNOLOGICAL MEANS FOR LEARNING// International Journal of Educational and Scientific Research 1(14), 2022/ Chief Editor D. Sidorkin /OEAPS OU - Tallinn, Estonia (Open European Academy of Public Sciences). Marseille, France 30.04.2022: OEAPS OU., 2022 - P. 97-102.
Authors: Tuleup Meirimkul Muhamediarovna , Erzhanova Zhanna Borisovna , Sagidoldinova Dilnaz Rinadovna
Published: June 2022

The topic of this article is due to the need to use new information technology applications when learning a foreign language. The relevance of the chosen topic is related to the need for knowledge of English in the modern world and the search for effective ways to study it.
Understanding 3D vision as a policy network (preprint)
Authors: Glennerster Andrew
Published: June 2022

A 'policy network' is a term used in reinforcement learning to describe the set of actions that are generated by an agent depending on its current state. This is an untypical starting point for describing 3D vision, but a policy network can serve as a useful representation both for the 3D layout of a scene and the location of the observer within it. It avoids 3D reconstruction of the type used in computer vision but is similar to recent representations for navigation generated through reinforcement learning. A policy network for saccades (pure rotations of the camera/eye) is a logical starting point for understanding (i) an ego-centric representation of space (e.g. Marr's 2.5D sketch and (ii) a hierarchical, compositional representation for navigation. The neural implementation of policy networks in general is uncontroversial whereas possible implementations of 3D coordinate transformations in the brain have yet to be developed. Hence, if the representation underlying 3D vision can be described as a policy network (in which the actions are either saccades or head translations), this would be a significant step towards a neurally plausible model of 3D vision.
PENGERTIAN, TUJUAN DAN TEKNIK BIMBINGAN KONSELING
Authors: Hamdanah
Published: June 2022

Pengertian bimbingan konseling atau yang kemudian disingkat (BK) yaitu serangkaian kegiatan berupa bantuan yang dilakukan seorang ahli pada konseling dengan cara tatap muka, baik secara individu atau beberapa orang dengan memberikan pengetahuan tambahan.Pengetahuan tambahan tersebut kemudian diharapkan jadi jalan keluar untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang dialami oleh konseli, dengan cara terus?menerus dan sistematis. Bimbingan konseling ini juga sudah diatur dalam Surat Keputusan Mendikbud No. 025/1995 tentang Petunjuk Jabatan Fungsional Guru dan Angka Kreditnya
BENEFITS OF VR IN EDUCATION// International Journal of Educational and Scientific Research 1(14), 2022/ Chief Editor D. Sidorkin /OEAPS OU - Tallinn, Estonia (Open European Academy of Public Sciences). Marseille, France 30.04.2022: OEAPS OU., 2022 - P. 63-68.
Authors: Erzhanova Zhanna Borisovna
Published: June 2022

Education is the base for a thriving society, and the transfer of knowledge has been a top priority for civilizations since the very beginning. People are constantly looking for ways to make knowledge transfer more easily, more quickly, and more effectively. In the era of digital devices, we have an opportunity to enable better learning with technology. Virtual Reality (VR) seems to be the natural next step for the evolution of education. In this article, I’ll show how virtual reality can transform the way educational content is delivered.
A single nucleotide variant on chromosome 2 residing within IL1RL2 distinguishes patients with HER2+ breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: June 2022

Molecular subtypes, including the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-enriched subtype (HER2+), drive patient outcomes in human breast cancer but the biological basis underlying subtype-specific disease is not completely understood (1-4). We mined published microarray data (5, 6) to discover in an unbiased fashion the most distinguishing genetic and transcriptional features of tumors of each breast cancer molecular subtype. We identified a single nucleotide polymorphism, rs3213734, residing within IL1RL2, as among the most significant genetic differences in the tumors of patients with HER2+ breast cancer. In a separate cohort of patients with HER2+ subtype breast cancer, we observed transcriptome-wide differential expression of a IL1RL2 transcript. Analysis of patient survival data revealed that IL1RL2 primary tumor expression was correlated with overall survival in patients with luminal B and HER2+ breast cancer. Sequence variation in the IL1RL2 gene may be important in understanding differences in genetic background that favor development of HER2+ subtype human breast cancer.
L'UNIVERS EPISTOLAIRE D'ALFRED SHÜTZ ET SES ECHANGES AVEC HAROLD GARFINKEL
Authors: Bietti Federico U.
Published: June 2022

Cet article porte sur la théorie et l’univers épistolaire d’Alfred Schütz. Il tente d'établir des relations entre le processus de familiarisation qu’il présente dans sa théorie des structures du monde-de-la-vie et sa mise en œuvre à travers ses échanges avec Harold Garfinkel. L’écriture de lettres fait partie des rituels qui ont permis à Schutz d’organiser son monde quotidien. Recueillies aux archives du sociologue autrichien à Beinecke Rare Books & Manuscript Library, les lettres entre Schütz et Garfinkel témoignent d’un processus de familiarisation que cet article s’attache à saisir, à décrire et à situer dans le contexte de la sociologie nord-américaine de l’après-guerre.
WHAT IS BLENDED LEARNING?// International Journal of Educational and Scientific Research 1(14), 2022/ Chief Editor D. Sidorkin /OEAPS OU - Tallinn, Estonia (Open European Academy of Public Sciences). Marseille, France 30.04.2022: OEAPS OU., 2022 - P. 90-96.
Authors: Parkhatova Rano Mukhtarovna , Imramzieva Sahinat Dzhamaldinovna
Published: June 2022

Blended learning is a learning format that involves the integration of different types of learning: for example, face-to-face training in classrooms, laboratories, and online learning, or self-study and online learning. Mixed learning is often referred to as hybrid learning. And in this regard, it is easy to compare it with a hybrid car, which has two engines: one classic internal combustion engine and the other electric. Each of them is enabled under different circumstances. This is very efficient and productive. Mixed learning allows you to organize a strong connection between the teacher and the student, the transfer of experience, and at the same time, each student, the student easily gets freedom for self-realization, can learn at the most comfortable pace and rhythm for him.
The relativity non linear time
Authors: K. Petrovich.
Published: June 2022

The relativity non linear time
Influence of human factor on plant biodiversity and population sustainability
Authors: Foziljonov Shukrullo
Published: June 2022

The decline of plants in the world is due tovarious factors, including the loss of existing species.Examples include the rapid change of the naturalenvironment and the anthropological factor. In this case,the human factor dominates, because the cause of changesin natural conditions is actually man. It is necessary tostudy it thoroughly and try to reduce it using the obtaineddata. The aim of this theoretical work is to study the effectsof man on nature through plants.
Combinatorial Techniques for Binomial Expansions with Multiples of 2
Authors: Annamalai Chinnaraji
Published: June 2022

This paper present the results of binomial expansions which are equal to exponents of two. These combinatorial and binomial results are useful for researchers who are working in computing, science, engineering, and management.
Validating the German Version of the Personality Disorder Severity-ICD-11 Scale Using Nominal Response Models
Authors: Zimmermann Johannes , Falk Carl F. , Wendt Leon Patrick , Spitzer Carsten , Fischer Felix , Bach Bo , Sellbom Martin , Müller Sascha
Published: June 2022

The ICD-11 features a new classification of personality disorders (PD), focusing on the severity of PD. Although there are numerous self-report measures that assess PD severity, to date only the Personality Disorder Severity ICD-11 (PDS-ICD-11) is based on ICD-11’s operationalization of PD. Initial results indicated that the PDS-ICD-11 measures a unidimensional construct, but the assumptions made for scoring its bipolar items had not been fully examined. The aim of this study is to fill this gap and investigate the latent structure of the German version of the PDS-ICD-11 using nominal response models (NRM), which allow for testing these assumptions. We applied the PDS-ICD-11 together with other self-report measures in a sample of 1,228 individuals from the general population. NRM indicated an acceptable fit of a unidimensional model, with only few deviations from the theoretically imposed scoring scheme. The total score was sufficiently reliable and correlated meaningfully with other self-report measures of PD severity. Regarding DSM-5 and ICD-11 maladaptive trait domains, the total score was found to be most strongly associated with negative affectivity, whereas associations with antagonism and anankastia were small or non-significant. We conclude that the proposed scoring scheme of the PDS-ICD-11 items is acceptable, and the examined psychometric properties of the German version largely correspond to the results from the English-language development study. The total score, however, depicts more internalizing than externalizing personality pathology. Future studies should investigate the diagnostic efficiency of the PDS-ICD-11 scale using multiple methods and time points as well as clinical and forensic samples.
The Effect of Self-regulated Writing Strategies on Students’ L2 Writing Engagement and Disengagement Behaviors
Authors: Zhou Shiyao Ashlee , Hiver Phil V.
Published: June 2022

Self-regulated learning (SRL) is a topic of increasing interest in the field of language learning and instruction. In this study, we set out to investigate the relationship between students' use of SRL strategies in second language (L2) writing, their L2 writing engagement, and L2 writing procrastination. Data were collected from college students in mainland China (N = 816) related to their SRL strategy use, L2 writing engagement, and L2 writing procrastination. SRL strategy use for L2 writing was found to be an important predictor of student engagement in their writing class, and results from mediation analyses confirmed a full mediation effect from students' SRL strategy use to L2 writing procrastination through their engagement in L2 writing class. Student engagement in L2 writing class also significantly and negatively predicted students' procrastination in L2 writing. These findings suggest that the use of SRL strategies functions as an important antecedent to student engagement in their writing class, and that these jointly reduce student procrastination in L2 writing. Given the essential role SRL strategy use plays in student engagement in L2 writing classrooms, which in turn reduces student writing procrastination, we discuss the importance of explicitly supporting students’ SRL strategy use.
Lament and Well-Being: Measuring a Christian Meaning-Making Practice
Authors: Hall M. Elizabeth Lewis , Kapic Kelly , Park Crystal L. , Sacco Shane J. , Kim Dahee , McMartin Jason , Silverman Eric , Shannonhouse Laura , Aten Jamie Dean , Snow Lindsay
Published: June 2022

Research demonstrates that people often draw on their religions in coping with difficult life circumstances and that more religious people tend to cope better than less religious people. Lament is a form of religious coping with roots in the Judeo-Christian tradition. Recognizing the importance of cultural and religious resources to people’s well-being, recent studies have begun to call for greater emic investigations into religious coping processes. In this article we explore lament from a distinctively Christian meaning-making practice. Here we explicate this form of coping and, in a series of three studies with Christian participants, report on the development of a Christian lament scale. In the first study, we develop items and test the items for clarity and for generalizability to diverse Christian groups using expert review and cognitive interviewing with participants representing five Christian groups. In the second study, we report results of exploratory factor analysis using data from MTurk (N = 303), which showed a three-factor structure consistent with our theoretical formulation. In the third study, we establish factor stability and construct validity using data from Prolific (N = 346). We conclude with a series of analyses demonstrating that the measure relates to hedonic and eudaimonic forms of well-being in ways that are consistent with the conceptualization of lament as a meaning-making coping practice.
Optimal tuning of feature-based attention warps the perception of visual features
Authors: Chapman Angus F. , Chunharas Chaipat , Störmer Viola S.
Published: June 2022

Selective attention improves sensory processing of relevant information but can also impact the quality of perception. For example, attention increases visual discrimination performance and at the same time boosts apparent stimulus contrast of attended relative to unattended stimuli. Can attention also lead to perceptual distortions of visual feature representations? Optimal tuning accounts of attention suggest that processing is biased towards “off-tuned” features to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio in favor of the target, especially when targets and distractors are confusable. Here, we tested whether such optimal tuning gives rise to phenomenological changes of visual features. We instructed participants to select a color among other colors in a visual search display and subsequently asked them to judge the appearance of the target color in a 2-alternative forced choice (2-AFC) task. Participants consistently judged the target color to appear more dissimilar from the distractor color in feature space. The magnitude of these biases varied systematically with the similarity between target and distractor colors during search, indicating that attention is tuned flexibly according to current task demands. In control experiments we rule out possible non-attentional explanations such as color contrast or memory effects. Overall, our results demonstrate that feature-based attention warps the perception of visual features across large swaths of feature space, indicating that efficient attentional selection can come at a perceptual cost by distorting our sensory experience.
Persistence of matrilocal post-marital residence across multiple generations in Southern Africa
Authors: Reynolds Austin W , Grote Mark N. , Myrick Justin W , Al-Hindi Dana R , Siford Rebecca L , Mastoras Mira , Möller Marlo , Henn Brenna M
Published: June 2022

Factors such as subsistence turnover, warfare or interaction between different groups can be major sources of cultural change in human populations. Global demographic shifts such as the transition to agriculture during the Neolithic and more recently the urbanization and globalization of the 20th century have been major catalysts for cultural change. Here, we test whether cultural traits such as patri/matrilocality and post-natal migration distance persist in the face of social upheaval and gene flow during the past 150 years in post-colonial South Africa. The recent history of South Africa has seen major demographic shifts that resulted in the displacement and forced sedentism of indigenous Khoekhoe and San populations. During the expansion of the colonial frontier, the Khoe-San admixed with European colonists and enslaved individuals from West/Central Africa, Indonesia and South Asia, introducing novel cultural norms. We conducted demographic interviews among Nama and Cederberg communities representing nearly 3,000 individuals across three generations. Despite the history of colonial expansion, and the subsequent incorporation of Khoe-San and Khoe-San descendant communities into colonial society with strong patrilocal norms during the historic period, patrilocality is the least common post-marital residence pattern in our study populations today. Our results suggest that more recent forces of integration into the market economy are likely the primary drivers of change in the cultural traits in our study. An individual’s birthplace had a strong effect on their odds of migration, distance moved, and post-marital residence form. These effects are at least partially explained by the population size of the birthplace. Our results suggest that market factors local to birthplaces are important drivers of residence decisions, although the frequency of matrilocal residence and a geographic and temporal cline in migration and residence patterns also indicate the persistence of some historic Khoe-San cultural traits in contemporary groups.
The restart effect in social dilemmas shows humans are self-interested not altruistic
Authors: Burton-Chellew Maxwell
Published: June 2022

Do economic games show evidence of altruistic or self-interested motivations in humans? A huge body of empirical work has found contrasting results. While participants routinely make costly decisions that help strangers, consistent with an evolutionary novel form of altruism, participants also typically learn to pay fewer costs with experience, consistent with self-interested individuals adapting to an unfamiliar environment. Key to resolving this debate is explaining the famous ‘restart effect’, a puzzling enigma whereby failing cooperation in experiments can be briefly rescued by a surprise restart. Here we show that this canonical result, which is often assumed to be evidence of altruism, can be entirely removed, replaced, or even reversed depending on experimental design. Specifically, the restart effect (1) disappears when reputational benefits to cooperation are fully removed, consistent with strategically motivated, self-interested, cooperation; (2) can be replaced by an irrational restart that benefits no-one if individuals are grouped with computers, consistent with confusion; and (3) can even be reversed, so that contributions gradually increase rather than decrease towards the end of the game, if the contributions of the computerized groupmates are programmed accordingly. These results show that the restart effect is driven by a mixture of self-interested and irrational beliefs about the game’s payoffs and not altruism. Consequently, our results suggest that economic games have often been measuring self-interested but confused behaviours and reject the idea that conventional theories of evolution cannot explain the results of economic games.
The Variability of Age at First Marriage across Birth Cohort and Education Level: A Case of Taiwan
Authors: CHENG HAO-CHUN , Cohen Philip N.
Published: June 2022

This study examines changes in variability of age at first marriage for women across birth cohorts and education levels in Taiwan. Taiwan may have experienced a destandardization in the life course and the second demographic transition after World War II, leading to a more dispersed age at first marriage; however, collectivism, the ideology of formal marriage, and the strong association between marriage and fertility may constrain this variability. In addition to estimating each cohort-education group’s dispersion in age at marriage, this study employs logistic and multinominal regression models to investigate how women’s birth cohort, education level, employment experience and occupational status before marriage affect the relative timing of first marriage. The results from a pooled nationally representative survey show that, unlike in Western societies, age variability is not widening across birth cohorts in Taiwan. However, education level and employment status play an important role in the variability of age at first marriage. The findings suggest that the variability of women’s age at first marriage in Taiwan is still significantly affected by the strong association between marriage, fertility, and economic resources. Destandardization in the life course and the second demographic transition in Taiwan differs from that seen in Western societies.
Experimental investigations on the rheological properties of the proposed 3D printing mortar
Authors:   Department of Structural Engineering, Tongji University, PR China, Pham Thi Loan , Zhuang Xiao Jian ,   Department of Structural Engineering, Tongji University, PR China, Nguyen Thi Hoai Thu ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Haiphong University, Vietnam, Nguyen Phan Anh ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Haiphong University, Vietnam, Trinh Duy Thanh ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Haiphong University, Vietnam
Published: June 2022

After almost 30 years and many projects investigated all over the world, the full potential that 3D printing technology can bring to the construction industry has yet to be realised. There are many challenges that face the application of 3D printing technology to the construction field. Among these challenges, mixture proportion design is crucial for the preparation of 3D printing concrete. Therefore, this study focuses on mix proportion design approaches and tests, which access some rheological properties of the fresh mortar.Because they are highly practical and convenient in construction, materials including cement, fly ash, and natural sand were selected for mixing proportion analysis. Slump-flow tests, V-funnel tests, and buildability tests were also employed in this study. This first analysis on the mixture proportion and method to evaluate rheological properties of 3D printing mortar can be considered a reference and orientation to develop 3D printing technology in Vietnam.
Gambaran Umum tentang Peluang, Kendala dan Pilihan untuk Meningkatkan Penggunaan Tanah di Provinsi Lampung
Authors: Salsabila Aulia Zahra , Ajie Kuna , Santoso Rio Teguh
Published: June 2022

Conformity in the management of agrarian resources based on the global action plan becomes a strategic component to end poverty, reduce inequality and protect the environment. Nevertheless, unbalanced land use management in the region generate the structural heterogeneity of the landscape that leads to environmental degradation. This research aims to identify landscape characteristics, problems and formulate solutions for land use and land utilization in Lampung Province. This research applies a qualitative method with a literature study approach. The data analysis uses descriptive analysis. The results showed that the landscape characteristics in 15 districts/cities were extremely diverse and were able to increase the regional export value of agricultural-plantation commodities. Nevertheless, the use of land in APL and forest areas in each region has not been utilized efficiently, effectively, successfully and beneficially. The Provincial Government has established policies for spatial planning, land use, protection of sustainable food agricultural land (LP2B). There is an urgent need to adopt local land use and conservation practices to prevent the deleterious effects of land use change. In general, stakeholders must restore lost territorial harmony and allocate land use in accordance with a sustainable socio-economic environment vision.Konformitas pengelolaan sumber daya agraria (SDA) berdasarkan rencana aksi global menjadi komponen strategis untuk mengakhiri kemiskinan, mengurangi kesenjangan dan melindungi lingkungan hidup. Namun demikian, pengelolaan penggunaan tanah yang tidak seimbang di daerah menghasilkan heterogenitas struktural lanskap yang mengarah degradasi lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik lanskap, permasalahan dan merumuskan solusi atas penggunaan dan pemanfaatan tanah di Provinsi Lampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi literatur. Analisis datanya menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik lanskap di 15 kabupaten/kota sangat beragam dan mampu meningkatkan nilai ekspor daerah dari komoditas pertanian-perkebunan. Meski demikian, penggunaan tanah di APL maupun kawasan hutan setiap daerah belum dimanfaatkan secara efisien efektif, berhasil guna dan berdaya guna. Pemerintah Provinsi telah menetapkan kebijakan tata ruang, tata guna tanah, perlindungan terhadap lahan pertanian pangan berkelanjutan (LP2B). Terdapat kebutuhan mendesak untuk mengadopsi praktik penggunaan dan konservasi tanah di daerah untuk mencegah efek perubahan penggunaan tanah yang merusak. Secara umum, pemangku kepentingan harus memulihkan keharmonisan wilayah yang hilang dan merelokasi penggunaan tanah sesuai dengan visi lingkungan-sosial ekonomi yang berkelanjutan.
Nasal Carriage of Vancomycin- and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Intermediate Students of Urban and Rural Schools of Muthanna Province in Iraq
Authors: Hantoosh Saad Muslim
Published: June 2022

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the common causative agents of infections, from asymptomatic carriers to healthy individuals. It can colonize anterior nares of carriers with a high capability to resist different antibiotics. Students are susceptible to bacterial infection due to some factors, including poor health habits and surrounding school conditions. This study screened the rate of vancomycin- and methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus nose carriers among secondary students in rural and urban schools and its association with some sociodemographic factors. The study sample included 300 male/female students aged 15-20 years from 12 schools of rural and urban areas during the period from November 2020 till May 2021. It was found that males are 2.3 times more of MRSA nose carriage and the rate of infections was higher in rural schools than urban whether among males or females. The prevalence of MRSA was 72/300 (24%) among students with 15/72 (21%) MDR-MRSA isolates with high resistance to Clindamycin and Erythromycin at rate 46% and 42% respectively, and a resistance ranging between (20-26) % for Gentamycin, Levofloxacin, Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole, Rifampin, and Nitrofurantoin with high sensitivity to Vancomycin at 4% of resistance. There was no significant association between MRSA incidence with both medication and chronic diseases despite the 19% of students were self-medicating. Most schools were suffering from a shortage of potable water, disinfectants, and first aid materials. Students lack health awareness about transmissible diseases with unhealthy habits spread among students, as specialized health teams did not visit most schools.
Using Phone Calls to Promote Community Pharmacist Counselling during COVID-19 Pandemic in Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Hameed Susan Tofiq , Mudhafar Anwer Zinah
Published: June 2022

Drug consultation is an important part of pharmaceutical care. mobile phone call or text message can serve as an easy, effective, and implementable alternative to improving medication adherence and clinical outcomes by providing the information needed significantly for people with chronic illnesses like diabetes and hypertension particularly during pandemics like COVID-19 pandemic.
Safety Profile of Biological Drugs in Clinical Practice: A Retrospective Pharmacovigilance Study
Authors: Hassan Elaaf Fadhil , Kadhim Dheyaa j , Younus Manal m
Published: June 2022

Biological drugs have an active substance that is made by a living organism or derived from a living organism. They are one of the important therapy options used in a wide range of diseases especially life-threatening diseases. Biological therapy opens new opportunities for treating different diseases for which drug therapy is minimal, but they have considerable differences in the safety consequences in comparison with non-biological drugs. The aim of the current study was to assess the post-marketing safety proﬁle of biological drugs used in Iraqi hospitals by the analysis of the reported adverse drug reactions regarding their severity, seriousness, preventability, expectedness, and outcome. It is a retrospective study of the individual case safety reports from the Iraqi Pharmacovigilance Center/Ministry of Health. There were 446 individual case safety reports in the research, involving 899 adverse drug reactions. Rituximab was found to be the drug with the highest number of adverse drug reactions with 241 adverse drug reactions (26.81% out of total adverse drug reactions). Most of the adverse drug reactions were related to general disorders and administration site conditions (22.25%). Regarding severity of adverse drug reactions, the majority of adverse drug reactions were observed in moderate levels [Level 4 (26%), and Level 3 (18%)]. The severe adverse drug reactions in patients below 18 years age group were significantly higher compared to adults and elderly. Seriousness assessment showed that the majority of adverse drug reactions were serious (52%). Rituximab was the drug for which the highest number of serious adverse drug reactions was reported (41.28% of total serious adverse drug reactions), Most of the adverse drug reactions (66%) were probably preventable. Fatality outcome was reported for 3% of adverse drug reactions while 43% of adverse drug reactions were recovered/resolved.
Effectiveness of Ombitasvir with Paritaprevir/Ritonavir plus Ribavirin on the Treatment of Naïve Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 4
Authors: Abdel-GAbbar Mohammed , Alkot Mohammed , Abdel-Moneim Adel
Published: June 2022

Background Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) combination therapies from various mechanisms of action and families have been revolutionized the management landscape of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). Ombitasvir, paritaprevir with ritonavir (OBV/PTV/r) ± ribavirin (RBV) is approved to treat HCV genotype 4 (GT4) infection. Here, our objective was to delineate the efficacy and safety of OBV/PTV/r plus RBV in treating of Egyptian naïve patients infected with HCV GT4.
Methods a cohort of 100 Egyptian patients infected with HCV GT4 was allocated and administered orally OBV/PTV/r with RBV. The primary endpoint of our study was a sustained virological response (HCV RNA < 12 IU/mL) 12 weeks after the cessation of the treatment (SVR12). This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT04378608.
Results Among treatment naïve patients with OBV/PTV/r+ RBV, SVR12 rates achieved 97% (97/100) in overall patients. Regarding treatment failure, the regimen recorded 3 % had treatment failure (0 null-responses, 3 relapses). However, the most frequently common adverse events recorded were a headache (28%), fatigue (18%), asthenia (23%), nausea (19%) and dyspnea (14%).
Conclusions The interferon-free regimen combination of OBV/PTV/r plus RBV achieved excellent SVR12 rates, 97%, with virologic outcome failures 3%, and it was generally safe and well tolerated for treating naïve patients infected with HCV GT4.