bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential Prognosis of True Bifurcation Lesions According to Left Main Versus Non–Left Main Location and Treatment Strategy
Authors: Choi Ki Hong , Nam Chang‐Wook , Bruno Francesco , Cho Yun‐Kyeong , De Luca Leonardo , Kang Jeehoon , Mattesini Alessio , Song Young Bin , Truffa Alessandra , Kim Hyo‐Soo , Wańha Wojciech , Chun Woo Jung , Gili Sebastiano , Helft Gerard , Han Seung Hwan , Cortese Bernardo , Lee Cheol Hyun , Escaned Javier , Yoon Hyuck‐Jun , Chieffo Alaide , Hahn Joo‐Yong , Gallone Guglielmo , Choi Seung‐Hyuk , De Ferrari Gaetano , Koo Bon‐Kwon , Quadri Giorgio , Hur Seung‐Ho , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , Gwon Hyeon‐Cheol , de Filippo Ovidio
Published: February 2025

Background

Although true bifurcation lesions are associated with a high risk of procedural complications, the differential prognostic implications of percutaneous coronary intervention for true bifurcations according to lesion location are unclear. This study aimed to identify whether clinical outcomes of true bifurcation lesions differed between left main coronary artery (LM) and non‐LM bifurcations and to determine the optimal treatment strategy for subtypes of bifurcation lesions in the current‐generation drug‐eluting stent era.

Methods

The ULTRA‐BIFURCAT (Combined Insights From the Unified COBIS III, RAIN, and ULTRA Registries) was created by merging 3 bifurcation‐dedicated registries from Korea and Italy. For this, 6548 patients treated with bifurcation lesions were stratified by lesion location and subtype. The primary end point was major adverse cardiac events (MACEs; composite of all‐cause death, myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization, and stent thrombosis) at 800 days.

Results

In patients with an LM bifurcation, those with a true bifurcation had a significantly higher risk of a MACE than those with a nontrue bifurcation (20.2% versus 13.4%, adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.44 [95% CI, 1.11–1.86];
P
=0.006). Conversely, there was no significant difference in the risk of a MACE according to true versus nontrue bifurcation in patients with non‐LM bifurcation lesions (9.0% versus 8.8%; adjusted HR, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.82–1.27];
P
=0.849). For LM true bifurcations, MACE rates were comparable between 1‐stent and 2‐stent strategies, whereas for LM nontrue bifurcations, the 2‐stent strategy was associated with a significantly higher risk of MACEs than the 1‐stent strategy. No significant differences in the risk of MACEs were observed in non‐LM bifurcation lesions according to lesion subtype or treatment strategy.

Conclusions

Clinical outcomes were worse for LM true bifurcation lesions than non‐LM true bifurcation lesions. A provisional 1‐stent strategy should be the preferred approach for treating LM nontrue bifurcation lesions.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03068494, NCT03544294, and NCT05205148.
Subacute Neurological Improvement Predicts Favorable Functional Recovery After Intracerebral Hemorrhage: INTERACT2 Study
Authors: You Shoujiang , Zheng Danni , Chen Xiaoying , Wang Xia , Ouyang Menglu , Han Qiao , Cao Yongjun , Delcourt Candice , Song Lili , Carcel Cheryl , Arima Hisatomi , Liu Chun-Feng , Lindley Richard I. , Robinson Thompson , Anderson Craig S. , Chalmers John ,   for the INTERACT Investigators
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

The frequency and prognostic significance of subacute neurological improvement (SNI) on 90-day outcomes after acute intracerebral hemorrhage are unknown.

METHODS:

Secondary analyses of participant data from the INTERACT2 trial (Second Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage Trial). SNI included any, moderate, significant, and substantial neurological improvement defined as ≥1, ≥2, ≥3, and ≥4 points decrease, respectively, on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale from 24 hours to 7 days after intracerebral hemorrhage. Logistic regression models were used to assess associations of SNI and death or major disability (modified Rankin Scale score of 3–6), major disability (modified Rankin Scale scores, 3–5), and death alone at 90 days. Data are reported as odds ratios and 95% CIs.

RESULTS:

Of 2571 patients included in analyses, 1492 (58.0%), 1057 (41.1%), 731 (28.4%), and 490 (19.1%) patients experienced any, moderate, significant, and substantial SNI (24 hours to 7 days) after intracerebral hemorrhage, respectively. After adjustment for key confounders, any SNI was associated with 49%, 25%, and 65% reduced odds of death or major disability (odds ratio, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.42–0.63]), major disability alone (odds ratio, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.63–0.90]), and death (odds ratio, 0.35 [95% CI, 0.24–0.50]), respectively. Moderate, significant, and substantial SNI were also significantly associated with decreased odds of death or major disability at 90 days. The relationship between any SNI and study outcomes was consistent in most subgroups, including age and baseline hematoma volume. Early intensive blood pressure-lowering treatment did not increase the odds of SNI.

CONCLUSIONS:

SNI from 24 hours to 7 days is common after intracerebral hemorrhage and predicts a lower likelihood of death or major disability.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00716079.
Guideless Artificial Life Model for Reproduction, Development, and Interactions
Authors: Utimula Keishu
Published: February 2025

Reproduction, development, and individual interactions are vital yet complex natural processes. Tierra (an ALife model proposed by Thomas Ray) and cellular automata, which can manage these aspects in a complex manner, are significantly limited in their ability to express morphology and behavior. In contrast, the virtual creatures proposed by Karl Sims have a considerably higher degree of freedom in terms of morphology and behavior. However, they also exhibit a limited capacity for processes like reproduction, development, and individual interactions. In addition, they employ genetic algorithms, which can result in a loss of biological diversity, as their implementation necessitates predefining a fitness function. Contrarily, the evolution of natural life is determined by mutation and natural selection, rather than by a human-defined fitness function. This study carefully extracts the characteristics of these models to propose a new Artificial Life model that can simulate reproduction, development, and individual interactions while exhibiting a high expressive power for morphology and behavior. The model is based on the concept of incorporating Tierra and cellular automata mechanisms into a cell that moves freely in 3-D space. In this model, no predefined fitness function or form that qualifies as a living creature exists. In other words, this approach can be rephrased as searching for persistent patterns, which is similar to the approach of Conway’s Game of Life. The primary objective of this study was to conduct a proof-of-concept demonstration to showcase the capabilities of this model. Guideless simulation by the proposed model using mutation and natural selection resulted in the formation of two types of creatures—dumbbell shaped and reticulated. These creatures exhibit intriguing features, exploiting the degrees of freedom inherent to the proposed model. Particularly noteworthy is their unique method of reproduction, which bears a striking resemblance to that of real organisms. These results reinforce the potential of this approach in modeling intricate processes observed in actual organisms and its ability to generate virtual creatures with intriguing ecologies.
Neural and behavioral similarity-driven tuning curves for manipulable objects
Authors: Valério Daniela , Peres André , Bergström Fredrik , Seidel Philipp , Almeida Jorge
Published: February 2025

In our daily activities, we encounter numerous objects that we successfully distinguish and recognize within a fraction of a second. This holds for coarse distinctions (e.g., cat vs. hammer) but also for more challenging distinctions that require fine-grain analysis (e.g., cat vs. dog). The efficiency of this recognition depends on how the brain organizes object-related information. While several attempts have focused on unraveling large-scale organization principles, research on fine-grained knowledge organization is rather limited. Here, we explored the fine-grain organization of object knowledge and investigated whether manipulable objects are organized and represented in terms of their similarity. To accomplish this, different groups of individuals participated in a behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) release from adaptation experiment. Adaptation was induced by presenting different exemplars of a particular object, and release from adaptation was elicited by the presentation of a deviant object. The relationship between adaptation and deviant objects was manipulated into four levels of similarity, measured by feature overlap between these objects. Our findings revealed that increasing object similarity provoked slower reaction times and weaker fMRI release from adaptation. Specifically, we identified similarity-driven tuning curves for the release from adaptation in the medial fusiform, collateral sulcus, parahippocampal gyri, lingual gyri, lateral occipital complex, and occipito-parietal cortex. These results suggest that the processing and representation of objects in the brain and our ability to perform fine discriminations between objects reflect real-world object similarity in a relatively parametric manner.
Metrics and peer review agreement at the institutional level
Authors: Traag V. A. , Malgarini M. , Sarlo S.
Published: February 2025

In the past decades, many countries started funding academic institutions based on the evaluation of their scientific performance. Post-publication peer review is often used in this context. Bibliometric indicators have been suggested as an alternative to peer review. A recurrent question is whether peer review and metrics yield similar outcomes. In this paper, we study this question based on a sample of publications submitted to the national Italian research assessment exercise (2011–2014). In particular, we study the agreement between peer review and metrics at the institutional level, and compare this to the internal agreement of peer review. We base our analysis on a hierarchical Bayesian model using cross-validation. We find that the level of agreement is higher at the institutional level than at the publication level. Overall, the agreement between metrics and peer review is low, but on par with the similarly low internal agreement among two reviewers for certain fields of science. The low agreement between metrics and peer review is no reason for rejecting the use of metrics for some fields in the Italian national research assessment exercise. Our results provide input to the broader discussion of research evaluation, in which other factors also play an important role.

Peer Review

https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway/wos/peer-review/10.1162/qss_a_00352
Zingiber jagannathii (Zingiberaceae): a new species from Similipal Biosphere Reserve of Odisha, India
Authors: SAHU SUDAM CHARAN , PRIYADARSHINI SIFAN
Published: February 2025

A new ginger species, Zingiber jagannathii S.C. Sahu & S. Priyadarshini (Zingiberaceae) is described and illustrated from Odisha, India. Detailed taxonomic description accompanied by field and photomicrographs as well as notes on distribution, ecology, phenology and associate species are provided. A comparison table with allied species is included for easy identification and distinction.
Volvopluteus deliciosus sp. nov. (Pluteaceae, Agaricales), a new edible species from Xinjiang, China
Authors: LI CHUANHUA , ZHANG MING , LI JIPENG , LI TAIHUI
Published: February 2025

A new fungal species, Volvopluteus deliciosus, was discovered in Bayingol Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. Locally, it is regarded as a delicious edible mushroom. It is formally introduced with detailed morphological description and illustration. Morphological comparison to similar species indicated that it is a distinctive taxon within Volvopluteus. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on nrITS sequences also confirmed the taxonomic status of the new species.
Pluteus ursulus, a new species of sect. Celluloderma from Russia
Authors: MALYSHEVA EKATERINA , MALYSHEVA VERA
Published: February 2025

A new Pluteus species, P. ursulus, from the Russian Far East was described based on morpho­logical and molecular characters. Pluteus ursulus is characterized by small basidiomata with dark brown squamulose pileus and squamulose stipe, pigmented lamellae edges, fusiform or utriform pleurocystidia, clavate or lanceolate cheilocystidia with brown content, basidiospores highly variable in size, (4.5)5.3‒6.8(8.2) × 4.2‒5.5(6.8) µm, lack clamp connections in all tissues, and growing on deciduous wood. The phylogenetic placement of the newly described species in Pluteus sect. Celluloderma (/podospileus clade) was confirmed using DNA data (nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer—ITS and translation-elongation factor 1-alpha—TEF1). Detailed morphological description, field photographs, and comparison of the new species with other morphologically and phylogenetically closely related species are provided.
A review of deep-sea shrimps (Decapoda: Dendrobranchiata and Caridea) with four new records for Venezuela
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ-QUINTAL BLADIMIR , LIRA CARLOS
Published: February 2025

Different explorations have been made in deep waters of the oceans, some of them have included the Caribbean Sea and Venezuela from Albatros R / V in 1884 to Fridtjof Nansen R / V in 1988. Material from the Fridtjof Nansen R/V expeditions in Venezuela’s coasts in 1988 were identified. From a total of 25 species, 4 are first reports for Venezuela: Plesionika tenuipes (Smith, 1881), Plesionika longicauda (Rathbun, 1901), Plesionika martia (A. Milne-Edwards, 1883) and Glyphocrangon alispina Chace 1939, and 21 were previously reported: A total of 80 species of deep-sea decapod shrimp had been reported in Venezuelan territorial waters, representing 12 families and 42 genera. The Acanthephyridae family contributed the highest number of species (14) followed by Sergestidae (9).
Descriptions of three new species of Rivula Guenée [1845]1844 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Rivulinae) from China, with the checklist of Chinese species
Authors: JIN YUAN YUAN , HAN HUI LIN
Published: February 2025

Three new species of Rivula Guenée (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Rivulinae), R. medogensis sp. nov., R. puerensis sp. nov. and R. guidiana sp. nov., are described from China. The new species are illustrated with images of the adults and genitalia and compared with related species. A checklist of all species in China is provided.
Ananthakrishnana syn.n. of Haplothrips, with redescription of H. euphorbiae adult and larva (Thysanoptera)
Authors: ROUSSE PASCAL , REYNAUD PHILIPPE
Published: February 2025

The generic name Ananthakrishnana is newly synonymised with Haplothrips, because each of the diagnostic character states occurs in other species of Haplothrips. The type species, Haplothrips euphorbiae comb.rev., is redescribed from both sexes and larvae and newly recorded from Reunion Island.
Four new adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) species from Bhutan, including the first legless species of Aphidomorpha
Authors: HAVILL NATHAN P. , BRUNET BRYAN , ZEMBRZUSKI ZEPHYR , TSHERING KAKA
Published: February 2025

A new subgenus and four new species of Adelges (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) are described from Bhutan. To support their taxonomic placement, we provide a phylogeny of Adelgidae reconstructed using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data. Cassiadelges subgen. nov is distinguished by the combination of feeding on Larix secondary hosts, having tergites of the head and pronotum fused into a cephaloprothoracic shield, and having only acuminate setae on the terminal abdominal segments. Adelges (Cassiadelges) coccipus sp. nov. feeds on Larix griffithii. This remarkable species is the only known member of Aphidomorpha that is lacking legs. The first instar nymph has legs, while the second instar to adult have vestigial legs present as small cuticular protrusions with clusters of setae. Its discovery presents an exciting opportunity to examine the evolutionary development of insect limb formation from a new perspective. Adelges (Cholodkovskya) changaphuensis sp. nov. feeds and forms galls on Picea spinulosa. Adelges (Aphrastasia) densae sp. nov. feeds on Abies densa. This may be the same as what was reported on this host in 1985 as Chermes abietispiceae Stebbing (nomen dubium). Adelges (Annandina) lepsimon sp. nov. feeds on Tsuga dumosa. It is separated from the only other member of its subgenus, Adelges (Annandina) tsugae Annand, by first instar exules having a pair of prominent anterior cephalic wax glands. It feeds between the needles on twigs in a similar fashion to A. (An.) tsugae Annand, which is also found in Bhutan, making it difficult to distinguish them in the field.
Two new species of eelpout genus Lycenchelys (Perciformes: Zoarcidae) from the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench, based on morphological and molecular evidence
Authors: THIEL RALF , KNEBELSBERGER THOMAS , CHERNOVA NATALIA , EIDUS IRINA
Published: February 2025

Two new species of eelpout genus Lycenchelys Gill, 1884 are described based on eight specimens caught at a depth between 3517 and 3580 m at the western slope of the upper margin of the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench, relatively close to the Bussol Strait and Simushir Island in the center of the Kuril Islands chain. Lycenchelys delanglei sp. nov. differs from its congeners by the following combination of characters: vertebrae 28–29 + 91–93 = 120–121; interorbital and occipital pores absent; postorbital pores 4; suborbital pores 10–12; preoperculomandibular pores 4 + 5; gill rakers 11–16; dorsal-fin rays 114–117, 2–3 free pterygiophores at the beginning of dorsal fin; anal-fin rays 96–98; pelvic-fin rays 2; pectoral-fin rays 16–17, ray tips of the pectoral fin exserted, especially the middle and lower ones; lateral line absent; pyloric caeca not developed. Lycenchelys renatae sp. nov. differs from its congeners by the following combination of characters: vertebrae 26–27 + 99–103 = 125–130; interorbital pores 0–1; occipital pores absent; postorbital pores 1–4; suborbital pores 6–9; preoperculomandibular pores 3–4 + 5; gill rakers 13–15; dorsal-fin rays 115–122, 1–3 free pterygiophores at the beginning of dorsal fin; anal-fin rays 102–106; pelvic-fin rays two; pectoral-fin rays 16–17, ray tips of the pectoral fin exserted, the middle and lower ones more so than the upper ones; lateral line mediolateral, poorly developed; pyloric caeca not developed.
For each of the two described new species four mitochondrial COI sequences were analysed and share the same haplotype within species. The obtained DNA barcodes allowed discrimination of L. delanglei sp. nov. and L. renatae sp. nov. from each other and exhibit a genetic distance of 2,61%. The closest match of L. delanglei sp. nov. with already published sequences was Lycenchelys lenzeni with a sequence similarity of 98.47%, whereas the closest match of L. renatae sp. nov. with already published sequences was Lycenchelys jordani with a similarity of 98.62%.
A new analysis of radiographs of the type specimens confirmed that L. birsteini should be considered as synonym of L. plicifera, especially due to similar numbers of free pterygiophores at the beginning of dorsal fin.
Papiri gen. nov., a new genus of huntsman spiders (Araneae: Sparassidae: Sparianthinae) from Brazil
Authors: RHEIMS CRISTINA A.
Published: February 2025

The new genus Papiri gen. nov. is described to include the type species, Papiri caete sp. nov. (male, female), from the state of Pará and from Paraíba to northern Santa Catarina, P. cacau sp. nov. (male, female) from Pernambuco and Bahia, P. cabruca sp. nov. (male, female), from Bahia and P. tacomare sp. nov. (male, female) from Paraíba to southern Bahia, all in Brazil. All species are illustrated and photographed, a distribution map and an identification key are provided.
The Impact of a Protocolization Approach to Increase the Use of and Timeliness to Intracranial Pressure Monitoring in Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury at a Level 1 Trauma Center
Authors: Beach Lindsay K. , Todor Roxanne D. , Petrone Patrizio , Liveris Anna , Reddy Srinivas , Torres-Acevedo Natalia , Caplan Mordechai , Marini Corrado P. , McNelis John
Published: February 2025

While there is agreement on the indications for intracranial pressure monitoring (ICPm) in patients with sTBI, there continues to be controversy concerning the ideal timing of its implementation. It is within this context that we decided to investigate whether a protocolization approach could optimize the timeliness of ICPm implementation. Neurosurgical and SICU providers agreed to a 3-tier protocol to identify patients with sTBI who could benefit from timelier ICPm implementation. The monthly compliance was monitored for a 9-month period. The study included a pre-protocolization group of 11 patients (2022) and a post-protocolization group of 9 patients (2023-2024). There was a trend toward earlier use of ICPm but the difference did not achieve statistical significance; there was no difference in the mortality rates between groups. A protocolization approach to the treatment of patients with sTBI developed with a consensus strategy may lead to earlier implementation of ICPm and possibly improved functional outcome.
Context-Based Human Influence and Causal Responsibility for Assisted Decision-Making
Authors: Saad Yossef , Meyer Joachim
Published: February 2025

Objective

The impact of the context in which automation is introduced to a decision-making system was analyzed theoretically and empirically.

Background

Previous work dealt with causality and responsibility in human-automation systems without considering the effects of how the automation’s role is presented to users.

Methods

An existing analytical model for predicting the human contribution to outcomes was adapted to accommodate the context of automation. An aided signal detection experiment with 400 participants was conducted to assess the correspondence of observed behavior to model predictions.

Results

The context in which the automation’s role is presented affected users’ tendency to follow its advice. When automation made decisions, and users only supervised it, they tended to contribute less to the outcome than in systems where the automation had an advisory capacity. The adapted theoretical model for human contribution was generally aligned with participants’ behavior.

Conclusion

The specific way automation is integrated into a system affects its use and the perceptions of user involvement, possibly altering overall system performance.

Application

The research can help design systems with automation-assisted decision-making and provide information on regulatory requirements and operational processes for such systems.
Numerical simulations of the splitting tensile behaviour of needle-punched carbon/carbon composites
Authors: Flores-Johnson Emmanuel A , Townsend Joshua , Wang Zhiyang , Reiner Johannes , Kruzic Jamie J
Published: February 2025

Carbon/carbon (C/C) composites are materials developed for applications requiring excellent mechanical and thermal properties at elevated temperatures. Needle-punching has been used to improve the delamination resistance of C/C composites; however, its effect on tensile behaviour has yet to be fully understood. This work studies the splitting tensile behaviour of needle-punched C/C composites numerically using experimentally validated finite element (FE) simulations with a damage initiation criterion. The splitting tensile test, comprising the diametral loading of flattened Brazilian discs (FBDs), was employed for the simulations and validation. A mesoscale model of the composite FBD specimen was built, in which each composite layer was explicitly modelled, including cohesive interfacial behaviour. The composite needle fibre bundles were modelled using truss elements. The FE simulations showed the crucial role that needled fibre bundles play in the C/C composite tensile performance by carrying tensile stresses perpendicular to the loading direction and reducing the levels of localised deformation in the central region of the specimen at the early stages of loading. Furthermore, the damage initiation criterion showed that when the needle fibre bundles are included in the FE simulation, the extension of damaged areas is less than in the simulations without needled fibre bundles. In addition, the numerical results showed that increasing the number of needled fibre bundles reduced the extension of the damage in the matrix.
Frolicking in the Storm Lord’s garden: Encountering the Creator and creation in Psalm 104
Authors: Garber David G.
Published: February 2025

Nancy deClaissé-Walford’s scholarship and teaching on the psalms over the years has inspired countless students and peers toward a fuller understanding and connection to the psalms themselves. This essay illustrates a method for studying Psalm 104, inspired by deClaissé-Walford’s work, to introduce the idea of mindfulness of God’s interconnected creation. Born from a seminary classroom, the methods presented in this article could easily be adapted to congregational Bible studies or spirituality retreat settings. The article presents the methods used in a “Creation Theology, Spirituality, and the Arts” class, along with a brief commentary on Psalm 104, and suggestions on how to translate this method of study for various contexts.
Ce/LDHs coating modified by GO applied on AZ31 alloys corrosion protection
Authors: Wu Mingyi , Dai Xiaowei , Atrens Andrej , Wu Liang
Published: February 2025

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) exhibit anion exchange properties and adjustable characteristics, which make them suitable for applications in the field of anticorrosion. However, the smooth growth pattern of a single LDHs nanosheet limits its effectiveness in blocking corrosive media. Graphene oxide (GO) has a large specific surface area and numerous oxygen-containing functional groups on its surface, which can form strong interactions with polar molecules. This inhibits the migration of small ions, such as Cl−. In this work, Ce was incorporated into a micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coating on the AZ31 alloy by immersion in a cerium salt solution, and GO was incorporated using a hydrothermal solution to prepare layered double hydroxide composite coating (Ce/LDHs-G). The significance of charge transfer resistance ( Rct) mainly reflects the charge transfer process at the electrode/electrolyte interface. The Rct of Ce/LDHs-G increased by one order of magnitude compared to MAO coating. The corrosion current density ( icorr) of Ce/LDHs-G coating was 3.73 × 10−8 A cm−2, lower than that of MAO coating (1.56 × 10−6 A cm−2). Additionally, the cumulative hydrogen evolution over 336 h was lower, indicating that Ce/LDHs-G coating provides effective corrosion protection for the AZ31 alloy.
Prediction of postoperative disease-free survival in colorectal cancer patients using CT radiomics nomogram: a multicenter study
Authors: Xu Guodong , Feng Feng , Cui Yanfen , Fu Yigang , Xiao Yong , Chen Wang , Li Manman
Published: February 2025

Background

Radiomics analysis is widely used to assess tumor prognosis.

Purpose

To explore the value of computed tomography (CT) radiomics nomogram in predicting disease-free survival (DFS) of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) after operation.

Material and Methods

A total of 522 CRC patients from three centers were retrospectively included. Radiomics features were extracted from CT images, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression algorithm was employed to select radiomics features. Clinical risk factors associated with DFS were selected through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis to build the clinical model. A predictive nomogram was developed by amalgamating pertinent clinical risk factors and radiomics features. The predictive performance of the nomogram was evaluated using the C-index, calibration curve, and decision curve. DFS probabilities were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results

Integrating the retained eight radiomics features and three clinical risk factors (pathological N stage, microsatellite instability, perineural invasion), a nomogram was constructed. The C-index for the nomogram were 0.819 (95% CI=0.794–0.844), 0.782 (95% CI=0.740–0.824), 0.786 (95% CI=0.753–0.819), and 0.803 (95% CI=0.765–0.841) in the training set, internal validation set, external validation set 1, and external validation set 2, respectively. The calibration curves demonstrated a favorable congruence between the predicted and observed values as depicted by the nomogram. The decision curve analysis underscored that the nomogram yielded a heightened clinical net benefit.

Conclusion

The constructed radiomics nomogram, amalgamating the radiomics features and clinical risk factors, exhibited commendable performance in the individualized prediction of postoperative DFS in CRC patients.
Time Is Not on Their Side: How Mentor Teachers’ Working Conditions Shape Candidates’ Development and Intent to Teach
Authors: Peyton David J. , Mathews Hannah Morris , Bettini Elizabeth , O’Brien Kristen Merrill , Louis Rebekah C. , Shaheen Tashnuva , Weiss Margaret , van Dijk Wilhelmina , Hunter Bevin
Published: February 2025

Student teaching is a powerful formative experience for special education teacher candidates. Crucial to candidate success in student teaching is the effectiveness of their mentor teacher. However, the role of mentor teacher does not occur in a vacuum and context factors into the quality of the experience. A growing body of research indicates that a placement school’s working conditions may also contribute to candidate outcomes. Yet, prior research provides little insight into how these elements may interact and relate to candidates’ development. This study investigates this potential relationship and the ways in which they may shape candidate development. Results suggest mentor teachers’ available planning time and collaborative relationships with general education colleagues are important working conditions in supporting relationships between mentors and candidates, candidate development, and candidates’ future career plans. Implications and future directions for mentorship research are discussed.
A Retrospective Study Evaluating the Safety and Clinical Impact of High Dose (6.75 grams) Piperacillin-Tazobactam Dosing in Critically Ill Obese Patients for Pneumonia
Authors: Tran Christina X. , Crotty Matthew P. , Akins Ronda L.
Published: February 2025

Background: Piperacillin-tazobactam (PTZ) demonstrates time-dependent bactericidal activity, potentially increasing the need for higher dosing in obese and critically ill patients. However, limited information is available on the safety of higher dosing strategies. Objective: To evaluate the safety and clinical impact of high dose 6.75 g IV PTZ for the treatment of pneumonia in critically ill, obese (≥120 kg) patients vs standard dose 4.5 g IV PTZ. Methods: Retrospective, cohort study, multicenter in health-system consisting of four acute-care teaching hospitals. Adult patients weighing at least 120 kg on PTZ for pneumonia in the intensive care unit (ICU) from January 2013 to September 2018 were included. The primary outcome of the study was acute nephrotoxicity defined as initiation of renal replacement therapy and/or serum creatinine increase within 48 hours of last PTZ dose. Secondary outcomes included thrombocytopenia, 14-day all-cause mortality, and ICU length of stay (LOS). Results: One hundred thirty-six patients were included with 52 and 84 in 4.5 g PTZ and 6.75 g PTZ respectively. The rate of acute nephrotoxicity was comparable between cohorts (50% 4.5 g vs 40.5% 6.75 g, P = 0.277). High dose PTZ was not independently associated with acute nephrotoxicity after control for selected confounders. All secondary outcomes were similar. Concomitant vancomycin and calculated supratherapeutic vancomycin area under curve were not independently associated with increased nephrotoxicity. Conclusions: High dose PTZ was not associated with increased acute nephrotoxicity, thrombocytopenia, 14-day all-cause mortality, or ICU LOS. Additionally, more robust trials are needed to fully assess the clinical impact of 6.75 g PTZ dosing for critically ill, obese patients, for pneumonia.
Application of enhanced recovery after surgery in pediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome
Authors: Qi Xiang , Yang Changjun , Huang Wei , Han Wei , Li Yujie
Published: February 2025

Background

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) has demonstrated effectiveness in accelerating recovery and reducing complications across surgical fields, with limited application in Ear-Nose-Throat surgeries. Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS), a prevalent condition affecting pediatric patients, calls for innovative management due to its impact on health and the need for surgical interventions like tonsillectomy.

Objective

The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of ERAS in pediatric patients with OSAHS.

Methods

Review and analyze 1100 cases of pediatric patients with OSAHS who underwent plasma-coblation tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy using nasal endoscopy from June 2016 to June 2022 in our hospital. Among these cases, a total of 564 patients were managed according to ERAS theory, while 536 patients were treated with classical theory. The incidence of preoperative discomfort, postoperative pain, bleeding, and other complications between the two groups were compared.

Results

ERAS group showed comparable preoperative-discomfort rates to the control ( P = 0.799). However, ERAS patients exhibited significantly lower pain scores at 24-, 48-, and 72-h post-operation ( P < 0.05). Mental state scores were similar between ERAS and control 4 h pre-surgery ( P > 0.05), but notably lower in ERAS at 30 min pre-op and 6-, 12-, and 24-h post-operation ( P < 0.05). ERAS had lower complication rates and intra/postoperative bleeding, quicker ambulation/oral intake, and shorter hospital stays than control ( P < 0.05).

Conclusion

ERAS management in patients with OSAHS resulted in notable reductions in postoperative pain and incidence of complications, along with improved postoperative recovery and shorter hospital stays.
Effectiveness of Public Distribution System (Atta-Dal Scheme) and National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM) in Promoting Sustainable Livelihoods of Rural Poor in Punjab, India
Authors: Kour Navdeep , Neena Professor
Published: February 2025

The main focus of the study is to analyse two important policies of the Government of India: The Public Distribution System (PDS) and the National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM). This study is based on primary as well as secondary data. A well-structured questionnaire has been used to collect information from beneficiaries. Three regions, Majha, Malwa, and Doaba, were selected from Punjab, India. The purposive sampling method was followed to select the sample. For the PDS analysis, the Atta-Dal scheme, launched in Punjab in 2007, was considered, and a sample of 480 beneficiaries was interviewed. On the other hand, under the NRLM scheme, a sample of 130 beneficiaries, who are self-help group members, was interviewed. The responses of beneficiaries were perception-based. A five-point Likert scale has been used to determine the level of satisfaction of NRLM beneficiaries. The results show that the Atta-Dal scheme under the PDS in Punjab has improved the food security of the rural poor. Regarding the NRLM, the results reveal that the scheme has improved beneficiaries’ employability and financial independence, especially women, and thus ensured their livelihood sustainability.
Evaluation of the ED MHAOD Hub at St Vincent’s hospital
Authors: Akhlaghi Hamed , Mullins Kelly , Freeman Sam , Vasan Shradha (Sherry) , Moon Greta , Bonomo Yvonne , Karro Jonathan
Published: February 2025

Introduction

In response to the 2021 Royal Commission into Victoria’s Mental Health System, the Victorian government established six purpose-built Mental Health Alcohol and Other Drug (MHAOD) emergency department (ED) Hubs. This study evaluates the MHAOD Hub at St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne (SVHM), which opened in March 2022 as metropolitan Melbourne’s first multidisciplinary Mental Health and Drug or Alcohol Hub integrated into the St Vincent’s Emergency Department.

Methods

This retrospective analysis covers patient admissions to the MHAOD Hub from March 2022 to June 2024, documenting demographics, clinical characteristics and outcomes.

Results

8553 MHAOD admissions were recorded. The Hub admitted a high proportion of vulnerable populations, including 8.4% Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islanders and 36.5% homeless individuals. 76.5% of presentations to the Hub were categorised as Australasian Triage Category (ATS) 1, 2 or 3. The most common discharge diagnosis was alcohol-related diagnosis (18.95%) followed by suicidality (14.71%) and psychosis (5.66%). 17.1% of presentations were admitted to the psychiatric ward.

Conclusion

This study highlights the effectiveness of MHAOD Hub care in improving timely access to care and addressing the needs of vulnerable populations. Future research should focus on qualitative assessments to capture the nuanced patient and staff experiences and further evaluate long-term outcomes.
Transversal vibration of a multi-span axially moving beam with multiple elastic supports
Authors: Wang Pingxin , Rui Xiaoting , Wang Guoping , Jiang Min , Gu Junjie , Zhang Jianshu
Published: February 2025

Using the transfer matrix method for multibody systems (MSTMM), this paper presents a dynamical model of a multi-span axially moving system with multiple elastic supports under different boundary conditions. The complex transfer matrices of an axially moving beam and a spring-damping supporting element are derived. According to the system topology, the overall transfer equation is acquired for vibration characteristic analysis. However, when dealing with multi-span systems that involve a large number of components, numerical instability may arise due to the instability of the corresponding boundary value problems. To address this issue, the reduced complex transfer matrix method (RCTMM) is developed. The state vector is artificially partitioned corresponding to the boundary condition of the system input. Numerical simulation results show that the developed method has the same computational accuracy as the MSTMM. More importantly, the RCTMM exhibits superior numerical stability, as indicated by the condition numbers of the system transfer matrix. It will provide an efficient tool for the design of mechanical multi-span axially moving systems.
Iron chelation by oral deferoxamine treatment decreased brain iron and iron signaling proteins
Authors: Thorwald Max A , Sta Maria Naomi S , Chakhoyan Ararat , O’Day Peggy A , Jacobs Russell E , Zlokovic Berislav , Finch Caleb E
Published: February 2025

Background

Deferoxamine (DFO) and other iron chelators are clinically used for cancer and stroke. They may also be useful for Alzheimer's disease (AD) to diminish iron from microbleeds. DFO may also stimulate antioxidant membrane repair which is impaired during AD. DFO and other chelators do enter the brain despite some contrary reports.

Objective

Low dose, oral DFO was given in lab chow to wildtype (WT) C57BL/6 mice to evaluate potential impact on iron levels, iron-signaling and storage proteins, and amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) and processing enzymes. Young WT mice do not have microbleeds or disrupted blood-brain barrier of AD mice.

Methods

Iron was measured by MRI and chemically after two weeks of dietary DFO. Cerebral cortex was examined for changes in iron metabolism, antioxidant signaling, and AβPP processing by western blot.

Results

DFO decreased brain iron 18% ( p < 0.01) estimated by R2 MRI and decreased seven major proteins that mediate iron metabolism by at least 25%. The iron storage proteins ferritin light and heavy chain decreased by at least 30%. AβPP and secretase enzymes also decreased by 30%.

Conclusions

WT mice respond to DFO with decreased AβPP, amyloid processing enzymes, and antioxidant repair. Potential DFO treatment for early-stage AD by DFO should consider the benefits of lowered AβPP and secretase enzymes.
Longitudinal and concurrent C-reactive protein and diet associations with cognitive function in the population-based Tromsø study
Authors: Iakunchykova Olena , Schirmer Henrik , Roe James M , Sørensen Øystein , Wilsgaard Tom , Hopstock Laila A , Eggen Anne Elise , Benros Michael E , Chen Chi-Hua , Wang Yunpeng
Published: February 2025

Background

Immune dysregulation has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease; however, precise mechanisms and timing have not been established.

Objective

To investigate the concurrent and longitudinal associations of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and dietary inflammatory index (DII) with cognitive decline as observed in Alzheimer's disease.

Methods

The study was based on 7613 individuals who participated in Tromsø6 (2007–2008) and Tromsø7 (2015–2016). We analyzed the relationship between CRP levels, DII, and cognitive function cross-sectionally using linear regression. We used mediation analysis to examine if CRP mediates the effects of DII on cognitive function. Further, we related baseline serum CRP to cognitive function and to change in cognitive function after 7 years of follow up. We used linear mixed models to relate changes in CRP levels to changes in cognitive function measured at two time points with 7 years apart.

Results

Both CRP level and DII were cross-sectionally inversely associated with cognitive function (psychomotor speed, executive function). There was no prospective relationship between CRP level at baseline and cognitive function after 7 years of follow up. Increase in CRP levels was associated with decrease in cognitive function (psychomotor speed, executive function, and verbal memory) observed between two measurements 7 years apart. The mediation model did not show convincing evidence of a mediating effect of CRP in the association between diet and cognitive function.

Conclusions

After comprehensive analysis of associations between CRP, DII and cognitive function, we conclude that CRP is likely to reflect the changes in inflammatory environment occurring in parallel with cognitive decline.
How people make sense of climate issues in the news
Authors: Moe Hallvard , Ytre-Arne Brita , Bortne Høegh-Krohn Solveig Kristine
Published: February 2025

This paper asks how people make sense of climate issues in the news. As part of a study in Norway, with repeated interviews and open-ended questionnaires, we invited people to share their thoughts on three real and recent news stories. The examples were related to climate change on local, national and global scales, with varying levels of conflict and different narrative frameworks and visual components. We find that news articles with different characteristics invited three modes of sense-making: inconclusive reasoning, moral stance-taking, and reiterating climate discourse. Our study contributes to untangle central questions about how journalism with various forms of anchoring might mitigate low engagement with climate news. Methodologically, the study provides innovation in the form of a qualitative study with real news examples. In concluding, we discuss why the most important aspects of climate change make the least sense as news.
Assessing gender essentialist beliefs towards youth athletes: Development and preliminary validation of the gender essentialist beliefs towards girls in sport scale (GEGS)
Authors: Goorevich Anna , Schneider Jekaterina , Boucher Courtney , LaVoi Nicole M.
Published: February 2025

Despite evidence refuting the legitimacy of inherent and unchanging qualities and the existence of a gender sport continuum, a prevailing gender essentialist ideology persists among coaches. This ideology perpetuates the belief in a binary, hierarchical, and static structure of gender, which imparts higher cultural and social values to men's sport compared to women's and impacts girls’ development, participation, and enjoyment in sport. Some interventions have been proposed to address this issue; however, at present, no validated scale exists to assess intervention outcomes related to coaches’ gender essentialist beliefs. The aim of the current study was therefore to develop and validate the Gender Essentialist Beliefs Towards Girls in Sport Scale (GEGS), to assess gender essentialism among sport coaches. Content validity was judged by a panel of experts ( N = 4) and through interviews with coaches ( N = 5) across various sports and experience levels. Following initial item iteration, the GEGS was assessed with 633 coaches for reliability and validity. The final scale comprised 20 items and showed good reliability (internal consistency, test-retest reliability, inter-item and item-total correlations), validity (convergent validity, differentiation between known groups), and factor structure. We also found partial support for the discriminant validity of the GEGS. Overall, the GEGS provides a valuable tool for addressing gender essentialism in sport coaching and informing coach education programs. Future research should further validate the scale and explore its sensitivity to change in gender essentialist beliefs over time.
The effect of within-day energy distribution on lean body mass and body fat in athletes: A systematic review
Authors: Murlasits Zsolt , Cantrell Gregory S. , Kneffel Zsuzsanna
Published: February 2025

Nutritional practices have a significant effect on exercise performance as they determine not only acute energy availability for sport activities, but also long-term changes in body composition. This review summarizes the available evidence and explores the critical relationship between within-day energy balance and body composition, emphasizing the importance of even energy distribution for optimal athletic performance and health. Findings revealed that within-day energy balance is a significant factor in the regulation of body composition in athletes, and that negative within-day energy balance may impair muscle protein synthesis and promote fat accumulation. The available evidence suggests that athletes should have an energy intake that dynamically matches requirement (i.e., the portion of the day when energy expenditure is higher, should be matched with a higher energy intake) to avoid prolonged periods of energy restriction. The reviewed investigation emphasized the importance of hourly energy balance assessment, because reliance on 24-h energy status may be insufficient in athletes. However, due to the dearth of scientific evidence in competitive athletes, more research is needed to determine the optimal within-day energy balance, considering training goals, individual differences, and dietary preferences.