bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amyloid-Beta Modulates Low-Threshold Activated Voltage-Gated L-Type Calcium Channels of Arcuate Neuropeptide Y Neurons Leading to Calcium Dysregulation and Hypothalamic Dysfunction
Authors: Ishii Makoto , Hiller Abigail J. , Pham Laurie , McGuire Matthew J. , Iadecola Costantino , Wang Gang
Published: September 2019

Weight loss is an early manifestation of Alzheimer's disease that can precede the cognitive decline, raising the possibility that amyloid-β (Aβ) disrupts hypothalamic neurons critical for the regulation of body weight. We previously reported that, in young transgenic mice overexpressing mutated amyloid precursor protein (Tg2576), Aβ causes dysfunction in neuropeptide Y (NPY)-expressing hypothalamic arcuate neurons before plaque formation. In this study, we examined whether Aβ causes arcuate NPY neuronal dysfunction by disrupting intracellular Ca2+homeostasis. Here, we found that the L-type Ca2+channel blocker nimodipine could hyperpolarize the membrane potential, decrease the spontaneous activity, and reduce the intracellular Ca2+levels in arcuate NPY neurons from Tg2576 brain slices. In these neurons, there was a shift from high to low voltage-threshold activated L-type Ca2+currents, resulting in increased Ca2+influx closer to the resting membrane potential, an effect recapitulated by Aβ1–42and reversed by nimodipine. These low voltage-threshold activated L-type Ca2+currents were dependent in part on calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and IP3pathways. Furthermore, the effects on intracellular Ca2+signaling by both a positive (ghrelin) and negative (leptin) modulator were blunted in these neurons. Nimodipine pretreatment restored the response to ghrelin-mediated feeding in young (3–5 months), but not older (10 months), female Tg2576 mice, suggesting that intracellular Ca2+dysregulation is only reversible early in Aβ pathology. Collectively, these findings provide evidence for a key role for low-threshold activated voltage gated L-type Ca2+channels in Aβ-mediated neuronal dysfunction and in the regulation of body weight.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWeight loss is one of the earliest manifestations of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unknown. Disruption of intracellular Ca2+homeostasis by amyloid-β is hypothesized to be critical for the early neuronal dysfunction driving AD pathogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that amyloid-β causes a shift from high to low voltage-threshold activated L-type Ca2+currents in arcuate neuropeptide Y neurons. This leads to increased Ca2+influx closer to the resting membrane potential, resulting in intracellular Ca2+dyshomeostasis and neuronal dysfunction, an effect reversible by the L-type Ca2+channel blocker nimodipine early in amyloid-β pathology. These findings highlight a novel mechanism of amyloid-β-mediated neuronal dysfunction through L-type Ca2+channels and the importance of these channels in the regulation of body weight.
Impairment of Sharp-Wave Ripples in a Murine Model of Dravet Syndrome
Authors: Cheah Christine S. , Lundstrom Brian N. , Catterall William A. , Oakley John C.
Published: September 2019

Dravet syndrome (DS) is a severe early-onset epilepsy associated with heterozygous loss-of-function mutations inSCN1A. Animal models of DS with globalScn1ahaploinsufficiency recapitulate the DS phenotype, including seizures, premature death, and impaired spatial memory performance. Spatial memory requires hippocampal sharp-wave ripples (SPW-Rs), which consist of high-frequency field potential oscillations (ripples, 100–260 Hz) superimposed on a slower SPW. Publishedin vitroelectrophysiologic recordings in DS mice demonstrate reduced firing of GABAergic inhibitory neurons, which are essential for the formation of SPW-R complexes. Here,in vivoelectrophysiologic recordings of hippocampal local field potential in both male and female mice demonstrate thatScn1ahaploinsufficiency slows intrinsic ripple frequency and reduces the rate of SPW-R occurrence. In DS mice, peak ripple-band power is shifted to lower frequencies, average intertrough intervals of individually detected ripples are slower, and the rate of SPW-R generation is reduced, while SPW amplitude remains unaffected. These alterations in SPW-R properties, in combination with published reductions in interneuron function in DS, suggest a direct link between reduced inhibitory neuron excitability and impaired SPW-R function. A simple interconnected, conductance-basedin silicointerneuron network model was used to determine whether reduced sodium conductance is sufficient to slow ripple frequency, and stimulation with a modeled SPW demonstrates that reduced sodium conductance alone is sufficient to slow oscillatory frequencies. These findings forge a potential mechanistic link between impaired SPW-R generation andScn1amutation in DS mice, expanding the set of disorders in which SPW-R dysfunction contributes to impaired memory.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDisruption of sharp-wave ripples, a characteristic hippocampal rhythm coordinated by the precise timing of GABAergic interneurons, impairs spatial learning and memory. Priorin vitropatch-clamp recordings in brain slices from genetic mouse models of Dravet syndrome (DS) reveal reduced sodium current and excitability in GABAergic interneurons but not excitatory cells, suggesting a causal role for impaired interneuron activity in seizures and cognitive impairment. Here, heterozygousScn1amutation in DS mice reduces hippocampal sharp-wave ripple occurrence and slows internal ripple frequencyin vivoand a simplein silicomodel demonstrates reduction in interneuron function alone is sufficient to slow model oscillations. Together, these findings provide a plausible pathophysiologic mechanism forScn1agene mutation to impair spatial memory.
Skilled Movements in Mice Require Inhibition of Corticospinal Axon Collateral Formation in the Spinal Cord by Semaphorin Signaling
Authors: Gu Zirong , Ueno Masaki , Klinefelter Kelsey , Mamidi Madhulika , Yagi Takeshi , Yoshida Yutaka
Published: September 2019

Corticospinal (CS) neurons in layer V of the sensorimotor cortex are essential for voluntary motor control. Those neurons project axons to specific segments along the rostro-caudal axis of the spinal cord, and reach their spinal targets by sending collateral branches interstitially along axon bundles. Currently, little is known how CS axon collaterals are formed in the proper spinal cord regions. Here, we show that the semaphorin3A (Sema3A)–neuropilin-1 (Npn-1) signaling pathway is an essential negative regulator of CS axon collateral formation in the spinal cord from mice of either sex. Sema3A is expressed in the ventral spinal cord, whereas CS neurons express Npn-1, suggesting that Sema3A might prevent CS axons from entering the ventral spinal cord. Indeed, the ectopic expression of Sema3A in the spinal cordin vivoinhibits CS axon collateral formation, whereasSema3AorNpn-1mutant mice have ectopic CS axon collateral formation within the ventral spinal cord compared with littermate controls. Finally,Npn-1mutant mice exhibit impaired skilled movements, likely because of aberrantly formed CS connections in the ventral spinal cord. These genetic findings reveal that Sema3A–Npn-1 signaling-mediated inhibition of CS axon collateral formation is critical for proper CS circuit formation and the ability to perform skilled motor behaviors.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCS neurons project axons to the spinal cord to control skilled movements in mammals. Previous studies revealed some of the molecular mechanisms underlying different phases of CS circuit development such as initial axon guidance in the brain, and midline crossing in the brainstem and spinal cord. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CS axon collateral formation in the spinal gray matter has remained obscure. In this study, usingin vivogain-of- and loss-of-function experiments, we show that Sema3A–Npn-1 signaling functions to inhibit CS axon collateral formation in the ventral spinal cord, allowing for the development of proper skilled movements in mice.
ВАСИЛЬ СІМОВИЧ ПРО РОЛЬ РІДНОЇ МОВИ В ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОМУ РОЗВИТКУ ДИТИНИ
Authors: GRESHCHUK Valentina
Published: September 2019

У статті висвітлено погляди видатного українського мовознавця Василя Сімовича на залежність інтелектуального розвитку дитини від мови її навчання – рідної чи іноземної. Безневинне, на перший погляд, питання про мову навчання дитини у школі набуває особливої гостроти, якщо на нього поглянути з погляду власне лінгвістичного, згідно з яким мова виконує дві найважливіші функції – комунікативну та мислетворчу. Оскільки кожна мова як знаряддя мислення має свою окрему будову, структуру, то й мислення кожного народу нею зумовлюється. Дитина ще до школи опановує рідну мову, яка стає фундаментом, на якому ґрунтуються можливості її інтелектуального розвитку. Навчання у школі дитини іноземною мовою потребує великих зусиль, багато часу і впертої боротьби, щоб у мозку дитини переінакшити, переформатувати спосіб її мислення відповідно до будови нерідної для неї мови. Це гальмує інтелектуальний розвиток дитини, ставить її в нерівні умови навчання з тими учнями, для яких мова навчання є рідною. Концепція ученого взаємозв'язку чинника рідної мови та інтелектуального розвитку дитини була особливо актуальною на час написання студії – 1934 року Українці Галичини, Буковини, зрештою всієї України, мали гіркий власний досвід, як і інші бездержавні народи, навчання дітей у чужомовних школах, у яких навчальний процес будувався не на освітньо-педагогічних засадах, а на чисто політичних міркуваннях, що значно ускладнило здобуття освіти, знань недержавними народами. Свого значення студія вченого-мовознавця не втратила і сьогодні.
СУТНІСТЬ ПОНЯТТЯ «ПРОФЕСІЙНІ ЦІННОСТІ»
Authors: ZHIGIAN Pe
Published: September 2019

У статті проведено теоретичний аналіз поняття "професійні цінності" у науковій парадигмі. Виявлено багатогранність цього поняття, що пояснюється актуальністю та водночас складністю підходів до його вивчення. Здійснено теоретичний аналіз представлених у науково-педагогічній літературі класифікації цінностей із позиції ставлення до професійної діяльності. Конкретизовано психолого-педагогічні аспекти проблеми цінностей у професійної діяльності майбутнього педагога. Визначено, що до професійних цінностей відносяться цінності, які потрібні в діяльності фахівця, що впливають на її успішність, надають можливості найбільш повної реалізації особистісного потенціалу і розвиток яких забезпечить високу якість професійної діяльності.
МИСТЕЦЬКИЙ КОМПОНЕНТ ЗМІСТУ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ ВЧИТЕЛІВ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ВИСОКОГО ПЕДАГОГІЧНОГО ІНСТИТУТУ ІМ. М. ДРАГОМАНОВА У ПРАЗІ
Authors: DZHUS Oksana
Published: September 2019

У статті проаналізовано місце і роль мистецьких дисциплін у змісті фахової підготовки вчителів Українського високого педагогічного інституту ім. М.Драгоманова у Празі; узагальнено відомості про мистецьку освітньо-педагогічну діяльність української діаспори та пріоритети творчої спадщини її найяскравіших представників у країнах Європи у 1920–1930 роках.
HOMILETICS IN KYIV THEOLOGICAL ACADEMY: SPECIFIC FEATURES OF TEACHING PEDAGOGICALLY ORIENTED DISCIPLINE (THE END OF THE 19th CENTURY – THE BEGINNING OF THE 20th CENTURY)
Authors: TVERDOKHLIB Tetiana
Published: September 2019

Based on the analysis of original sources, the changes in pedagogical component of Homiletics (Church Eloquence) in Kyiv Theological Academy at the end of the 19th century – at the beginning of the 20th century have been revealed in the article. The forms of teaching this discipline have been characterized. They were lectures, practical classes, repetitions, colloquiums, exams, students’ independent extra-curriculum work, writing sermons and candidate works. Educational and methodical support of teaching has been determined. The general professional level of Homiletics lecturers (V. Pevnytskyi, M. Grossu, T. Liashchenko (Archimandrite Tikhon)) has been characterized. The article focuses on V. Pevnytskyi’s contribution to development of Homiletics as a subject in Kyiv Theological Academy in the period under research.
Benchmarking Parametric and Machine Learning Models for Genomic Prediction of Complex Traits
Authors: Azodi Christina B , Bolger Emily , McCarren Andrew , Roantree Mark , de los Campos Gustavo , Shiu Shin-Han
Published: September 2019

The usefulness of genomic prediction in crop and livestock breeding programs has prompted efforts to develop new and improved genomic prediction algorithms, such as artificial neural networks and gradient tree boosting. However, the performance of these algorithms has not been compared in a systematic manner using a wide range of datasets and models. Using data of 18 traits across six plant species with different marker densities and training population sizes, we compared the performance of six linear and six non-linear algorithms. First, we found that hyperparameter selection was necessary for all non-linear algorithms and that feature selection prior to model training was critical for artificial neural networks when the markers greatly outnumbered the number of training lines. Across all species and trait combinations, no one algorithm performed best, however predictions based on a combination of results from multiple algorithms (i.e., ensemble predictions) performed consistently well. While linear and non-linear algorithms performed best for a similar number of traits, the performance of non-linear algorithms vary more between traits. Although artificial neural networks did not perform best for any trait, we identified strategies (i.e., feature selection, seeded starting weights) that boosted their performance to near the level of other algorithms. Our results highlight the importance of algorithm selection for the prediction of trait values.
Actin and Nuclear Envelope Components Influence Ectopic Recombination in the Absence of Swr1
Authors: Morillo-Huesca Macarena , Murillo-Pineda Marina , Barrientos-Moreno Marta , Gómez-Marín Elena , Clemente-Ruiz Marta , Prado Félix
Published: September 2019

The accuracy of most DNA processes depends on chromatin integrity and dynamics. Our analyses in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae show that an absence of Swr1 (the catalytic and scaffold subunit of the chromatin-remodeling complex SWR) leads to the formation of long-duration Rad52, but not RPA, foci and to an increase in intramolecular recombination. These phenotypes are further increased by MMS, zeocin, and ionizing radiation, but not by double-strand breaks, HU, or transcription/replication collisions, suggesting that they are associated with specific DNA lesions. Importantly, these phenotypes can be specifically suppressed by mutations in: (1) chromatin-anchorage internal nuclear membrane components (mps3∆75-150 and src1∆); (2) actin and actin regulators (act1-157, act1-159, crn1∆, and cdc42-6); or (3) the SWR subunit Swc5 and the SWR substrate Htz1. However, they are not suppressed by global disruption of actin filaments or by the absence of Csm4 (a component of the external nuclear membrane that forms a bridging complex with Mps3, thus connecting the actin cytoskeleton with chromatin). Moreover, swr1∆-induced Rad52 foci and intramolecular recombination are not associated with tethering recombinogenic DNA lesions to the nuclear periphery. In conclusion, the absence of Swr1 impairs efficient recombinational repair of specific DNA lesions by mechanisms that are influenced by SWR subunits, including actin, and nuclear envelope components. We suggest that these recombinational phenotypes might be associated with a pathological effect on homologous recombination of actin-containing complexes.
How to embed noncrossing trees in Universal Dependencies treebanks in a low-complexity regular language
Authors: Yli-Jyrä Anssi Mikael
Published: September 2019

A recently proposed balanced-bracket encoding (Yli-Jyrä and GómezRodríguez 2017) has given us a way to embed all noncrossing dependency graphs into the string space and to formulate their exact arcfactored inference problem (Kuhlmann and Johnsson 2015) as the best string problem in a dynamically constructed and weighted unambiguous context-free grammar. The current work improves the encoding and makes it shallower by omitting redundant brackets from it. The streamlined encoding gives rise to a bounded-depth subset approximation that is represented by a small finite-state automaton. When bounded to 7 levels of balanced brackets, the automaton has 762 states and represents a strict superset of more than 99.9999% of the noncrossing trees available in Universal Dependencies 2.4 (Nivre et al. 2019). In addition, it strictly contains all 15-vertex noncrossing digraphs. When bounded to 4 levels and 90 states, the automaton still captures 99.2% of all noncrossing trees in the reference dataset. The approach is flexible and extensible towards unrestricted graphs, and it suggests tight finite-state bounds for dependency parsing, and for the main existing parsing methods.
Finite-state methods in natural language processing and mathematics of language. Introduction to the special issue
Authors: Drewes Frank , Kanazawa Makoto
Published: September 2019

For more than half a century, finite-state methods and mathematical linguistics have benefitted from a close relation and fruitful interaction. Both research fields aim to achieve a deeper understanding of human language by means of mathematical techniques. For the automated processing of language by computers such a mathematical basis is an indispensable prerequisite. Historically, the goal pursued by mathematical linguists to formalize natural language syntax in a computer-accessible way was one of the strongest driving forces behind the development of finite-state methods. Thus, it is no exaggeration to say that the field of finite-state methods owes its existence to a large extent to mathematical linguistics. In turn, continued research on finite-state methods has resulted in a categorization of various kinds of language classes and language aspects, together with efficient and provably correct algorithms, thus expanding our understanding of the mathematical properties of language.
Érzelmi regulációs változások krízisben és traumában – a helyreállítást segítő, pszichológiai tanácsadás során alkalmazható módszerek és gyakorlatok
Authors: Mogyorósy-Révész Zsuzsanna
Published: September 2019

A tanulmány a szelfreguláció egyik alapvető folyamatát, az érzelemszabályozást helyezi fókuszába. Az emócióreguláció néhány elméletének és idegrendszeri alapmechanizmusának áttekintése után az akut és krónikus stresszhatások és az azokra adott adaptív szervezeti válaszok bemutatása következik, kiemelt szempontként az arousalfolyamatokban bekövetkező változásokra. Bár fontos vonatkozás, de jelen tanulmányban csak vázlatszerűen kerül bemutatásra a tartósan fennálló stresszhatásra bekövetkező aktivációsszintmódosulások kapcsolata a kötődési jellemzőkkel, illetve a későbbi pszichopatológiával. A cikk legfontosabb célja az érzelemregulációban szerepet játszó idegrendszeri háttérmechanizmusokra alapozva olyan – a pszichológiai tanácsadás során is alkalmazható – technikák és gyakorlatok áttekintése, illetve rendszerezése, amelyek a szabályozás helyreállításában támogathatják a személyt. A bemutatás az arousalkontinuumban észlelt változások alapján létrehozott csoportosítást (hiper-, illetve hipoarousal tartomány) követve nyújt betekintést abba, hogy hogyan segíthetjük hozzá klienseinket egy adekvátabb stresszkezelési, érzelemszabályozási stratégia, szokásrendszer kialakításához, egy személyre szabott ún. „öngondoskodási terv” kialakításához. Az érzelemszabályozást támogató „tanácsadási fókusz” kiindulópontjaként a stresszkezelési stratégiák felmérése szolgál, amit egy edukációs és „tréning” folyamat követ, amely során a kliens elsajátíthatja és szokássá alakíthatja az aktuális állapotához leginkább illeszkedő érzelemszabályozási technikákat, gyakorlatokat. A munka hatákonyságának illusztrálását a gyakorlati tapasztalatok felvázolásán túl két esetvignetta is szemlélteti.
Race as a component of set and setting: How experiences of race can influence psychedelic experiences
Authors: Neitzke-Spruill Logan
Published: September 2019

Background and aims

Set and setting function both as a concept that guides research and practice with psychedelic drugs and as a meme aimed at reducing harm among psychedelic users. Referring to non-pharmacological factors that shape drug experiences, the concept of set and setting was popularized in the West during the mid-20th century. However, little theoretical development has occurred regarding what falls under the umbrella of set and setting since its conception.

Methods

By bridging set and setting theory with research from the fields of social psychology and sociology of medicine, this review calls attention to how race can contribute the set and setting for a psychedelic experience.

Results

I argue that psychosocial factors influencing racial differences in mental health also constitute meaningful differences in set. Furthermore, I suggest that the character of race relations in the United States provides a distinct cultural setting for racialized psychedelic users, both in therapeutic and naturalistic contexts. In turn, racial identification may contribute to the variation in framing and interpretation of psychedelic experiences.

Conclusion

These considerations have important implications beyond understanding non-pharmacological influences on psychedelic experiences, including developing protocols for clinical applications of psychedelics, educating future practitioners, and meeting the needs of diverse patient populations.
Factores condicionantes básicos en cuidadores informales de pacientes crónicos en el domicilio
Authors: Ruiz Valencia Luis Felipe , Gordillo Sierra Alisson Michelle , Galvis López Clara Rocío
Published: September 2019

Introducción: El aumento de las enfermedades crónicas ubica a los cuidadores informales en el domicilio asumiendo múltiples responsabilidades, inmersos en una serie de variables denominadas Factores Condicionantes Básicos por Dorothea Orem. El objetivo del estudio fue describir los Factores Condicionantes Básicos de cuidadores informales que asistieron a un programa de capacitación entre los años 2011-2015. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, con un tamaño muestral de 110 cuidadores informales. Para la recopilación de datos se diseñó un formato de Factores Condicionantes Básicos teniendo en cuenta las variables internas y externas propuestas por Orem ajustadas las condiciones de vida del cuidador informal. Resultados: Predominio de mujeres adultas, hijas, con pareja, conviven con el enfermo y alta percepción de apoyo según Zimet, como factores de desarrollo y sistema familiar, 10 años en promedio de cuidado, grado de dependencia total y severa de la persona cuidada según Barthel como factores propios de su rol. Discusión: En la vida del cuidador confluyen factores internos y externos que pueden generar déficit de su autocuidado y afectar de diversas formas su vida, salud y bienestar. Conclusiones: La identificación de factores condicionantes básicos en la vida del cuidador en el domicilio, permite establecer estrategias de acompañamiento por parte de profesionales y estudiantes de enfermería para fortalecer habilidades de autocuidado en los cuidadores y promover la calidad de vida de la persona cuidada. Como citar este artículo: Ruiz LF, Gordillo AM, Galvis CR. Factores condicionantes básicos en cuidadores informales de pacientes crónicos en el domicilio. Rev Cuid. 2019; 10(3): e608. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v10i3.608
Responsabilidades éticas en la práctica de enfermería en instituciones de alta complejidad
Authors: Parra Dora Inés , Peñaloza Jaimes Senieth Deyanire , Cárdenas Villabona María Vivina , Rey de Cruz Nelly , Amaya Díaz Helda Cecila , Arboleda de Pérez Ligia Betty , Corredor Jurado Yaneth
Published: September 2019

Introducción: Los códigos deontológicos, permiten guiar las acciones para un apropiado ejercicio profesional. En Colombia, la Ley 911 del 2004, establece las disposiciones legales sobre ética para el ejercicio de la enfermería y conceptualiza el acto de cuidado. Objetivo: Determinar la percepción de las enfermeras sobre las responsabilidades éticas en la práctica profesional y la relación con el servicio e institución donde laboran. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal en enfermeras que laboran en instituciones públicas y privadas. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y estratificado. Resultados:  Las enfermeras perciben en alto porcentaje que siempre cumple lo establecido en el Título III. Hubo relación estadísticamente significativa entre percepción y la institución donde labora para los ítems de conducta respetuosa, objeción de conciencia y registros de enfermería claros y entre percepción versus servicios, para los ítems de conducta respetuosa, ubicación de acuerdo a la experiencia y formación y diligenciamiento de registros claros, secuenciales y sin errores. Discusión: Los resultados de este estudio permiten evidenciar elementos fundamentales del actuar ético de enfermería referidos en la literatura científica. Conclusiones: La práctica de enfermería implica una serie de responsabilidades éticas con los sujetos de cuidado que pueden variar según el contexto donde esta se desarrolle. En este estudio, se concluyó que los registros de enfermería, la objeción de conciencia, la ubicación de acuerdo a la experiencia y formación académica eran fundamentales para el ejercicio de la práctica y estaban relacionados con la institución y servicio donde se laboraba.
Como citar este artículo: Parra DI, Peñaloza SD, Cárdenas MV, Rey N, Amaya HC, Arboleda LB, et al. Responsabilidades éticas en la práctica de enfermería en instituciones de alta complejidad. Rev Cuid. 2019; 10(3): e662. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v10i3.662
Características de las intervenciones realizadas con adolescentes en condición de sobrepeso y obesidad: una revisión integrativa
Authors: Bonilla Ibañez Claudia Patricia , Díaz Heredia Luz Patricia
Published: September 2019

Introducción: Dado que el sobrepeso y la obesidad en la población adolescente van en aumento, es necesario identificar las intervenciones para la prevención y manejo de estas condiciones en el grupo de jóvenes. Objetivo: Presentar la evidencia encontrada, en relación con las características de las intervenciones publicadas en revistas científicas indexadas, sobre la prevención y manejo del sobrepeso y de la obesidad, respecto de la nutrición y la actividad física, para ser utilizada en la toma de decisiones, en cuanto a políticas y programas de promoción y prevención de esta condición de salud. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó la revisión sistemática de estudios cualitativos y cuantitativos (desde descriptivos hasta experimentales, que incluyeran tanto revisiones sistemáticas como meta-análisis), publicados en el período comprendido entre 2005 y 2017, a través de las bases de datos PubMed y ScienceDirect, las bibliotecas virtuales Ovid y SciELO, y el compendio de revisiones Cochrane. Resultados: Existe gran variedad en diseño e implementación de las intervenciones, en cuanto a componentes, teorías, escenarios, evaluación de los efectos, dosis, tiempo y seguimiento, que tienen efecto en los hábitos nutricionales, en la actividad física, en la autoeficacia y en el índice de masa corporal (IMC) de la población estudiada. Discusión: La efectividad de las intervenciones varía, dependiendo de los componentes y de la fidelidad en la aplicación de la misma, lo cual debe revisarse a la luz de los mejores efectos encontrados. Conclusiones: 47 estudios cumplieron los requisitos de inclusión. Las intervenciones se robustecen con el uso de una teoría que direccione y fundamente los hallazgos que permitan dar mayores y mejores resultados. Los componentes de las intervenciones incluyen: duración, dosis, intensidad de la intervención, respuesta y seguimiento. Los adolescentes prefieren metodologías participativas e interactivas; sin embargo, aún no existe una intervención concreta y claramente definida que pueda ser estandarizada para enfrentar este problema de salud.
Como citar este artículo: Bonilla CP, Díaz LP. Características de las intervenciones realizadas con adolescentes en condición de sobrepeso y obesidad: una revisión integrativa. Rev Cuid. 2019; 10(3): e681. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v10i3.681
Proximal Tubule Translational Profiling during Kidney Fibrosis Reveals Proinflammatory and Long Noncoding RNA Expression Patterns with Sexual Dimorphism
Authors: Wu Haojia , Lai Chun-Fu , Chang-Panesso Monica , Humphreys Benjamin D.
Published: September 2019

Significance Statement

Having a comprehensive transcriptional profile of the proximal tubule in health and fibrosis would likely enhance understanding of fibrosis and perhaps help explain why CKD progresses more quickly in males versus females. To obtain a more complete picture of gene expression in the proximal tubule, the authors performed deep translational profiling of this segment in a mouse model of kidney fibrosis. Their findings demonstrate substantial sex differences in transcripts expressed in proximal tubule cells of males versus females, and indicate that the proximal tubule drives fibrosis through inflammatory and profibrotic paracrine signaling. The study also identified 439 long noncoding RNAs expressed in the proximal tubule, 143 of which undergo differential regulation in fibrosis, suggesting that this type of RNA has unanticipated regulatory roles kidney fibrosis.

Background

Proximal tubule injury can initiate CKD, with progression rates that are approximately 50% faster in males versus females. The precise transcriptional changes in this nephron segment during fibrosis and potential differences between sexes remain undefined.

Methods

We generated mice with proximal tubule–specific expression of an L10a ribosomal subunit protein fused with enhanced green fluorescent protein. We performed unilateral ureteral obstruction surgery on four male and three female mice to induce inflammation and fibrosis, collected proximal tubule–specific and bulk cortex mRNA at day 5 or 10, and sequenced samples to a depth of 30 million reads. We applied computational methods to identify sex-biased and shared molecular responses to fibrotic injury, including up- and downregulated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and transcriptional regulators, and used in situ hybridization to validate critical genes and pathways.

Results

We identified >17,000 genes in each proximal tubule group, including 145 G-protein–coupled receptors. More than 700 transcripts were differentially expressed in the proximal tubule of males versus females. The >4000 genes displaying altered expression during fibrosis were enriched for proinflammatory and profibrotic pathways. Our identification of nearly 150 differentially expressed proximal tubule lncRNAs during fibrosis suggests they may have unanticipated regulatory roles. Network analysis prioritized proinflammatory and profibrotic transcription factors such as Irf1, Nfkb1, and Stat3 as drivers of fibrosis progression.

Conclusions

This comprehensive transcriptomic map of the proximal tubule revealed sexually dimorphic gene expression that may reflect sex-related disparities in CKD, proinflammatory gene modules, and previously unappreciated proximal tubule–specific bidirectional lncRNA regulation.
Sternotomi fiksasyon metodlarının karşılaştırılması: Sert-rijit fiksasyona karşı aşırı kuvvet karşısında esnekliği ayarlanabilen yarı-esnek fiksasyon: Deneysel biyomekanik çalışma
Authors: KABALCI Mehmet , GÜNAL Nesimi , BOLAT Ali , DURAL Koray , ÖZPOLAT Berkant
Published: September 2019

Amaç:
Monofilament
paslanmaz çelik tel (TEL), multifilaman paslanmaz çelik halat (HALAT),
polipropilen bant kelepçe (KELEPÇE) ve multifilaman elastan fiber (ELASTAN)
sütürler, deneysel düzenekle in vitro olarak kemik hasarı, elastik modül, çekme
dayanımı, uzama ve kopma parametreleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır.Gereç
ve Yöntem: Koyun
göğüs kafesleri median sternotomiyle iki parçaya ayrıldı ve sonrasında ilgili
kapama yöntemiyle bir araya getirildi. Bu haliyle deneysel düzeneğe
sabitlenerek 100-800N çekme testine (Instron, USA) tabi tutuldu. İlk aşamada
sütür parçaları teker teker, sonra halka yapılıp düğümlenerek ve son aşamada
sütüre edilmiş koyun göğüs kafesi şekinde test edildi. Sternumun maksimum
kuvvetteki ayrışma mesafesi, sütürün kopma ve uzaması, elastik-plastik faz
seviyeleri ve akma noktaları her aşamada kaydedildi.Bulgular:Sütür-kemik temas yüzeyi KELEPÇE’de
(3.5 mm: en yüksek), ELASTAN’da (2 mm), HALAT’ta (1.1 mm), TEL’de (0.8 mm: en
düşük) iken, kemik doku hasarı ELASTAN’da hiç olmadı, HALAT’ta %11, TEL’de %29
seviyesinde oldu, KELEPÇE grubunda ise kemik hasarı oluşacak kuvvete erişmeden
kopma gözlendi. Sütürde uzamanın başladığı ortalama seviyeler ise TEL’de 210N
(en dayanıksız), KELEPÇE’de 320N, HALAT’ta (800N: en dayanıklı) ve ELASTAN’da
(800N: en dayanıklı) şeklinde izlendi.800N’luk anlık aşırı kuvvet oluşmasının
simüleedildiğiya aşamada kemik veya sütür hasarı oluşmadan kemiğin bir arada
kalabildiği tek yöntem ELASTAN oldu.

Sonuç: Deney sonuçlarımıza göre sütür
temas alanı ile kemik hasarının ters korele olduğu ve polipropilen materyal
dayanımının bu alanda dayanıksız olduğu görüldü. Daha önemli olarak rijit
sabitleme yerine bizim geliştirdiğimiz, 800N’a kadar rijit, daha üstünde
elastik özellik gösteren ELASTAN yönteminin, anlık aşırı kuvvet altında
dehissens oluşsa bile yeniden anında sternumu eski konumuna getirerek başarı
sağladığı gösterildi.
Investigating diffuse irradiance variation under different cloud conditions in Durban, using k-means clustering
Authors: Govender Paulene , Sivakumar Venkataraman
Published: September 2019

Diffuse irradiance is important for the operation of solar-powered devices such as photovoltaics, so it is important to analyse its behaviour under different sky conditions. The primary cause of short-term irradiance variability is clouds. One approach to analyse the diffuse irradiance variation is to use cluster analysis to group together days experiencing similar cloud patterns. A study was carried out to examine the application of k-means clustering to daily cloud data in Durban, South Africa (29.87 °S; 30.98 °E), which revealed four distinct day-time cloud cover (CC) patterns classified as Class I, II, III and IV, corresponding to cloudy, sunny, or a combination of the two. Diffuse irradiance was then correlated with each of the classes to establish corresponding diurnal irradiance patterns and the associated temporal variation. Class I had highest diffuse irradiance variation, followed by Classes III, IV and II. To further investigate the local cloud dynamics, cloud types were also analysed for Classes I−IV. It was found that stratocumulus (low cloud category); altocumulus translucidus, castellanus and altocumulus (middle cloud category); and cirrus fibrates and spissatus (high cloud category), were the most frequently occurring cloud types within the different classes. This study contributes to the understanding of the diurnal diffuse irradiance patterns under the four most frequently occurring CC conditions in Durban. Overall, knowledge of these CC and associated diffuse irradiance patterns is useful for solar plant operators to manage plant output where, depending on the CC condition, the use of back-up devices may be increased or reduced accordingly.
Polyclonal Allelic Expression Assay Protocol v2
Authors: K Brandt Margot , Gokden Alper , Ziosi Marcello , Lappalainen Tuuli
Published: September 2019

Polyclonal allelic expression assay for detecting the regulatory effects of genetic variants within transcripts using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and amplicon sequencing.
SDS-PAGE Gel Electrophoresis v1
Authors: Balletbó Alba
Published: September 2019

Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is used to separate proteins with relative molecular mass no smaller than 10 KD. Very small proteins (<10 KD) are difficult to resolve due to low ability of binding to SDS, which can be solved by gradient gels or using different eletrophoresis conditions, like Tricine-SDS-page.
İlkokul Öğrencilerinin Çevreye Yönelik Farkındalıklarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: ÇELİKLER Dilek , AKSAN Zeynep , YENİKALAYCI Nisa
Published: September 2019

Bu araştırma ile
ilkokul öğrencilerin çevreye yönelik farkındalıklarının belirlenmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada, tarama modeli kullanılmış olup örneklemini,
Türkiye’nin kuzeyinde bir devlet ilkokulunun 4. sınıfta öğrenim görmekte olan
toplam 60 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak,
Yıldız Yılmaz ve Mentiş Taş (2017) tarafından geliştirilen “İlkokul Çevre
Farkındalık Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Ölçek, 35 madde ve 4 boyuttan
oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler, yüzde (%) ve frekans (f) olarak
analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, ilkokul öğrencilerinin İlkokul Çevre
Farkındalık Ölçeğinden aldıkları puanlar göz önüne alındığında çevreye yönelik
farkındalıklarının yüksek olduğu söylenebilir. Ayrıca, araştırma sonuçları
ilkokul öğrencilerinin eksik ve yanlış bilgiye sahip olduğunu ortaya
koymaktadır. Araştırmada, öğrencilerin elektriğin tükenebilir bir enerji
kaynağı olduğunu belirtmesi ilginç bir sonuçtur. Ayrıca, öğrencilerin erozyonla
mücadele, ağaçlandırma ve doğal varlıkları koruma ile ilgili çalışmaları yapan
TEMA gibi sivil toplum kuruluşlarına üye olma konusunda karar vermemelerinin
nedeninin bu kuruluşlar hakkında bilgi sahibi olmadıkları şeklinde
düşünülmektedir.
Introductory Service-Learning Experience: Macau College Students in Ethnic Minority School of Mountain Area in China
Authors: Lu Chinghui , Chen Ziyan , Yang Ziyi
Published: September 2019

This paper described how university students from Macau took social responsibility in China through Service-Learning project. It was an introductory experience for the student participants and for the children in the mountain area as well. This study aimed at raising children’s interest in learning and their desire of continuing study. Results were reported in four themes: (1) increasing personal competence of teamwork spirits, leadership and service skills; (2) students’ perception towards poverty issue and education in China rural and mountain areas; (3) having commitment to the next service; (4) realizing that Service-Learning must be a mutual process. This paper also provides an overview of how a living-learning community dedicated itself to community service to educate residents holistically.
Service-Learning in Asia
Authors: Ma Carol , Chiu Thera , Wei Lim Tai
Published: September 2019

Although SL is primarily a western learning concept, it is widely used as a pedagogy among education and community sectors in Asia, especially after the academic conference on ‘Service-Learning in Asia: Creating networks and curriculum in higher education’ held in 2002 at the International Christian University (ICU) in Japan as this became an interconnection with other Asian HEIs (Xing & Ma, 2010). In 2004, ICU set up the Service-Learning Asia Network (SLAN) with support from the Japanese Government and the United Board for Christian Higher Education in Asia (Ma, Chan, Chen and Fong, 2018). In 2004, LU received one million dollars (HKD) funding support from Kwan Fong Charitable Organization to start a Service-Learning and Research Scheme (SLRS) and then in 2006, received another ten million dollars (HKD) to set up the first Office of Service-Learning (OSL) in Hong Kong. With the aim of constructing a model for academy-student-community partnership, LU has made an attempt to truly put the inspirational slogan “Serving to Learn and Learning to Serve” into practice. With commitment from a dedicated SL team and support from local and regional partners, LU started taking the lead of SL development in both Hong Kong and Asia. LU even organized the first Asia-Pacific Regional Conference on Service-Learning (APRCSL) in 2007 and served as the secretariat for SLAN after the revitalization.
Association between C reactive protein and obesity: a study in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Mandli Lavanya
Published: September 2019

Background: Obesity and dyslipidemia, especially in children and adolescents coupled with impaired blood glucose metabolism and elevated blood pressure may result in atherosclerosis in the older ages. This study was conducted to assess the association between high levels of CRP with obesity.Methods: Details including height and weight for BMI and serum for C reactive protein estimation was collected for all 134 patients.Results: 60.4% were females and 49.6% were males. Among the obese patients, clinically raised CRP levels was observed in 29.2% and elevated CRP levels in 45.8% levels, while in overweight patients, 21.4% had clinically raised CRP and 46.4% has elevated CRP levels. In normal BMI patients, elevated CRP was seen in 22% and clinically raised in 1.9%.Conclusion: Detection of CRP levels in overweight and obese patients is imperative in the early stages itself to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
El saber ver y el saber hacer en el hospital-asilo de Oliva (1914-1950): el caso Adela
Authors: Vanadia Laura Natalia , Rodríguez María Laura
Published: September 2019

En este trabajo analizamos múltiples experiencias en el funcionamiento del primer open-door creado en la provincia de Córdoba, en 1914: el “Asilo Colonia Regional Mixto de Alienados Oliva”. Abordamos un conjunto de historias clínicas y publicaciones especializadas del boletín institucional, profundizando en procesos teóricos y terapéuticos articulados durante la primera década de internación de una paciente que vivió en Oliva la mayor parte de su vida adulta. Este estudio de caso, cuestiona la tradicional relevancia otorgada a este manicomio como espacio de reclusión y control social. Mostramos que, en un contexto de constante crisis de los recursos institucionales y de trasformación de los modelos psiquiátricos, la configuración del “saber ver” y el “saber hacer” de estos alienistas no constituyeron una autoridad monolítica, dando cuenta de cómo los comportamientos de los pacientes y sus allegados, los valores y usos sociales definían tipos de ingresos, diagnósticos y posibilidades de tratamiento.
Selective hydrogenation of acetylene over Pd on glass fiber catalysts
Authors: Bal’zhinimaev B. S. , Paukshtis E. A. , Kovalyov E. V.
Published: September 2019

Key properties of silicate glasses are highlighted including the capability of stabilizing disperse Pd nanoparticles in the bulk of glass fibers (GF), high solubility of acetylene and hydrogen, as well as their high mobility. These properties provide the high activity and selectivity of Pd/GF catalysts to hydrogenation of acetylene in excess ethylene over a wide range of acetylene conversions up to its complete one. For a wide variety of mono-, bimetallic systems including catalysts with single palladium atoms, TOF was established to depend only slightly on the palladium dispersion and support nature, i.e. the reaction can be considered structure-insensitive. Nevertheless, a TOF decrease was observed in the systems with single atoms; that was accounted for by declining of the hydrogen dissociation rate or its slower spillover. Isotope-kinetic data were used for determining quantitatively undesirable contributions to the process selectivity caused by both hydrogenation of acetylene and gas-phase ethylene to ethane. High selectivities of alloyed bimetallic systems comprising isolated palladium atoms at approaching to the complete conversion of acetylene were caused by the low rate of hydrogenation of weakly adsorbed ethylene to ethane while for Pd/GF catalysts by the complete exclusion of the hydrogenation of ethylene from gas-phase.
O cristianismo como modelo social em Leonor de Mendonça, de Gonçalves Dias
Authors: Ceccagno Douglas
Published: September 2019

Desde as origens do drama brasileiro, a fé cristã está presente de variadas formas nos textos teatrais. Este trabalho analisa a representação da religião na peça Leonor de Mendonça, de Gonçalves Dias, a fim de perceber as analogias existentes entre a mitologia do Cristianismo e as relações sociais que se estabelecem entre as personagens do drama. Além disso, identifica-se a retomada, pelo autor, da ideia de amor cortês, presente na literatura trovadoresca medieval. Para tanto, tomam-se como fontes bibliográficas itens da fortuna crítica de Gonçalves Dias, da historiografia da literatura e de estudos do imaginário, especialmente no que diz respeito à interpretação de símbolos religiosos. Assim, conclui-se que a mitologia cristã não é somente cultuada religiosamente entre as personagens da peça, mas ainda serve de modelo para as relações entre elas, incluindo o modo como se estabelecem os problemas e comportamentos dos caracteres dramáticos.
Leitura literária na escola: uma verificação da interpretação do gênero conto
Authors: Sampaio Emilio Davi , Duarte Erica Valmaceda de Lima Icassatti
Published: September 2019

Objetivando constatar o nível de leitura de alunos recém ingressos no ensino médio, este trabalho foi desenvolvido por meio da aplicação de dois questionários. O primeiro procurou verificar o nível de leitura e a interpretação literária desses alunos. Buscamos averiguar se eles vão ingressar na nova etapa de ensino preparados como leitores críticos. Para essa constatação, utilizamos como instrumentos a leitura interpretativa do conto Uma Vela Para Dario, de Dalton Trevisan. O segundo questionário serviu para a coleta de dados socioculturais, estes importantes para conhecermos a realidade dos sujeitos de nossa investigação. Para embasar nossas análises utilizamos teóricos que discutem a temática, entre eles Colomer, Silva, Maia e Gotlib. Estes autores nos auxiliaram a interpretar os dados que nos levaram a conhecer com mais propriedade nosso objeto de pesquisa. Isso possibilitou verificarmos o uso da literatura no processo de ensino, sabendo que esta tem grande funcionalidade na construção do leitor. 
The Impact of Neuromarketing Advertising on Children: Intended and Unintended Effects
Authors: Al Abbas Amani , Chen Weifeng , Saberi Maria
Published: September 2019

Purpose: This research is aimed at assessing the impact of neuromarketing advertisements on children. This is carried out by establishing the two types of effects that can occur as a result of neuromarketing advertising: intended and unintended effects. Design/Methodology/approach: The researcher intends to use a quantitative approach. Findings/expected outcomes: Findings will shed the light on which factors (intended vs. unintended) have more power on children. Based on that, conclusions, recommendations will be established and raised to concerned parties. Practical implications /social implications: Children are the most impressionable sector of our society. By performing this research, neuromarketing can now have the chance to prove that it can be used for the greater good if in fact proven to have more power as an intended effect advertising tool to aspire change. Originality/Value: The research present the literature review and a conceptual framework to assess those effects on children in the context of neuromarketing. These effects have not been tested in the context of neuromarketing as well as their collective impact on those children.
Keywords: neuromarketing, advertising, intended effects, unintended effect, children