bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enfermedad celiaca y nuevas patologías relacionadas con el gluten
Authors: Jiménez Ortega Ana Isabel , Martínez García Rosa María , Quiles Blanco María José , Majid Abu Naji Jamil Abdel , González Iglesias María José
Published: July 2016

La enfermedad celiaca es la enfermedad crónica intestinal más frecuente que existe. Actualmente se sabe que se trata de una patología multisistémica de mecanismo inmunitario, provocada por el gluten, que se da en individuos genéticamente susceptibles. Afecta aproximadamente al 1% de la población mundial, lo que supone una prevalencia muy elevada, afecta a todos los grupos de edad y tiene síntomas de presentación muy variados, tanto digestivos como extradigestivos. Ya que es una enfermedad que exige el mantenimiento de una dieta sin gluten y un seguimiento médico de por vida, es importante conocerla y establecer adecuadamente su diagnóstico. Junto a la enfermedad celiaca se diagnostican cada vez más una serie de nuevas patologías relacionadas con el gluten, entre las que destacan la sensibilidad al gluten no celiaca o la alergia al trigo.
Nutrición y deterioro cognitivo
Authors: Hernando-Requejo Virgilio
Published: July 2016

La demencia, estrechamente ligada a factores predisponentes ambientales como la dieta, supone un problema de salud pública de magnitud creciente: actualmente más de 35 millones de pacientes con demencia tipo alzhéimer, y se espera que superen los 135 millones en 2050. Si conseguimos retrasar el desarrollo de la demencia 5 años, reduciremos su prevalencia en un 50%. Los pacientes con demencia alteran su dieta y se han reportado déficits, entre otros, de ácido fólico, vitaminas B12, B6, C, E, A, D, K, betacarotenos y omega tres, que deben ser resueltos con una dieta adecuada y, en según qué casos, con aportes extra. Pero para reducir o al menos retrasar la prevalencia debemos preconizar la prevención mediante una dieta adecuada desde el inicio de la vida, idea reforzada por el hecho de que los factores de riesgo cardiovascular se relacionen de forma directa con el desarrollo de demencia. Disponemos de abundante bibliografía que, aunque con límites, nos permite hacer recomendaciones nutricionales para prevenir el deterioro cognitivo. Se han conseguido mejores resultados cuando se han estudiado dietas completas que cuando se han considerado nutrientes específicos. De especial interés es la dieta mediterránea, que garantiza un aporte elevado de vegetales, frutas, frutos secos, legumbres, cereales, pescado y aceite de oliva, y moderado de carne, productos lácteos y alcohol, y en la que nos centraremos en este artículo.
Pautas nutricionales en prevención y control de la hipertensión arterial
Authors: Ortega Anta Rosa M. , Jiménez Ortega Ana Isabel , Perea Sánchez José Miguel , Cuadrado Soto Esther , López Sobaler Ana M.
Published: July 2016

Objetivos: la hipertensión arterial es un problema sanitario frecuente y con repercusiones sanitarias graves, infradiagnosticado y modulado por los hábitos alimentarios, estilo de vida e ingesta de diversos nutrientes, por lo que analizar los datos más recientes sobre la implicación de la nutrición en la prevención y control de la hipertensión es el objeto de la presente revisión.Métodos: búsqueda bibliográfica en relación con el tema.Resultados: aunque las pautas más conocidas y seguidas son la restricción en la ingesta de sodio, el control de peso y la moderación en el consumo de alcohol, la mejora de la dieta (aumento en el consumo de cereales, verduras, frutas...) y la actividad física parecen tener un gran impacto en el control de las cifras de presión arterial (PA). Asimismo, un menor consumo de grasa saturada (con aumento de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados y omega-3), el aporte adecuado de calcio, magnesio, proteínas, vitamina D y fibra, y la mejora de la capacidad antioxidante de la dieta pueden tener gran importancia en la lucha contra el problema de la hipertensión. Teniendo en cuenta que la dieta media española no alcanza los aportes aconsejados para muchos de los nutrientes mencionados como favorables en el control de la PA, una aproximación de la dieta al ideal teórico puede ser de gran ayuda en la lucha contra este problema, que tiene gran impacto sanitario.Conclusiones: mejorar la alimentación, aumentando el consumo de verduras, legumbres, cereales integrales, pescado… puede tener un mayor beneficio en el control de la presión arterial que el seguimiento de pautas restrictivas más extendidas en la práctica.
Abundance of pathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Vibrio cholerae in Nkonkobe drinking water sources
Authors: Momba Maggy N. B. , Malakate Veronica K. , Theron Jacques
Published: July 2016

In order to study the prevalence of enteric pathogens capable of causing infection and disease in the rural communities of Nkonkobe, bacterial isolates were collected from several surface water and groundwater sources used by the community for their daily water needs. By making use of selective culture media and the 20E API kit, presumptive Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Vibrio cholerae isolates were obtained and then analysed by polymerase chain reaction assays (PCR). The PCR successfully amplified from water samples a fragment of E. coli uidA gene that codes for β-D-glucuronidase which is a highly specific characteristic of enteropathogenic E. coli, enterotoxigenic E. coli and entero-invasive E. coli. The PCR also amplified the epsM gene from water samples containing toxigenic V. cholerae. Although E. coli was mostly detected in groundwater sources, toxigenic V. cholerae was detected in both surface and groundwater sources. There was a possibility of Salmonella typhimurium in Ngqele and Dyamala borehole water samples. The presence of these pathogenic bacteria in the above drinking water sources may pose a serious health risk to consumers.
Monitoring source and domestic water quality in parallel with sanitary risk identification in Northern Mozambique to prioritise protection interventions
Authors: Cronin Aidan A. , Breslin Ned , Gibson James , Pedley Steve
Published: July 2016

Microbiological water quality monitoring in Niassa province, Northern Mozambique, shows groundwater is not, in general, grossly contaminated though contamination levels are strongly linked to season and to risks observable at the wellhead, especially risks dealing with wellhead hygiene and maintenance. Diarrhea incidence, in general, is greatest in the rainy season suggesting poor wellhead protection as a potential mechanism for well contamination. Comparison of source water and stored water in the home shows that significant deterioration in source water quality can occur once transport and storage in the home is undertaken but that this deterioration is also related to the quality of the source water. This study shows that a structured approach to water quality monitoring, with targeted observations and an examination of the relationships between risk and water quality, is important to identify the priority interventions to be undertaken.
Effect of soil depth and texture on fecal bacteria removal from septic effluents
Authors: Karathanasis A. D. , Mueller T. G. , Boone B. , Thompson Y. L.
Published: July 2016

This study evaluated the effectiveness of soils with different texture and depth to treat fecal bacteria eluted from a house-hold septic effluent. The assessments were accomplished by leaching undisturbed soil monoliths of 30, 45, and 60 cm thickness and 25 cm in diameter, representing the four different textural groups and hydraulic loadings recommended by the Kentucky Health Department, with domestic wastewater effluent collected regularly from a house-hold septic system. Eluent concentrations were monitored daily over a 15 day period for fecal coliform and fecal streptococci concentrations. The results of the study indicate an alarming frequency of failure to comply with United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) criteria for depth to groundwater, when using a 30 cm vertical separation distance between the bottom of the drain-field and a limiting soil interface. The treatment performance was especially poor in coarse-textured soils. Although biomat development over time is expected to improve treatment, the high influent levels of fecal bacteria pose great concerns for surface and groundwater contamination. Fine-textured soils generally provided better treatment efficiency and more consistent compliance with EPA standards. Treatment efficiency and compliance usually improved with increasing soil depth, with the 60 cm thickness providing the most consistent performance and compliance with maximum discharge limit (MDL) requirements. The findings of this study document a general inadequacy of the 30 cm vertical separation distance to provide effective treatment of septic effluents in Kentucky soils, particularly in coarse-textured soils. Considering that increasing the soil depth thickness may be impractical in many marginal soils, complementary or alternative treatment technologies should be adopted to improve treatment efficiency and prevent further deterioration of the quality of water resources.
Non-carcinogenic risk assessment of groundwater in South Gobi, Mongolia
Authors: Nakazawa Koyomi , Nagafuchi Osamu , Okano Kanji , Osaka Ken'ichi , Hamabata Etsuji , Tsogtbaatar Jamsran , Choijil Javzan
Published: July 2016

Thirty-nine groundwater samples were collected from wells near the Tavan Tolgoi and Oyu Tolgoi mines in Mongolia and at a relatively pristine site in northern Mongolia during August to September 2013, and analyzed for the concentrations of F−, NO3−, Hg, As, Al, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo, Cd, Sb, and Pb. A probabilistic risk assessment found that >95% of the population in the areas was at risk from drinking well water. The hazard index (HI) was >1, indicating a non-carcinogenic risk to human health. At Oyu Tolgoi, the hazard quotient (HQ) of the As concentration (mean 6.63 μg/L) was >1. At the northern site, the 95th percentile HQ was <1 but the 95th percentile HI was >1. The ratios of nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopes indicated that NO3− contamination of groundwater at Oyu Tolgoi and Tavan Tolgoi was caused by livestock waste. Mercury accumulation in livestock was examined from concentrations in livestock forage and in hair and wool samples from livestock in the South Gobi region. Sheep wool had the same level of mercury as in Japan, but camel, horse, and goat hair had high levels.
Removal of copper ions from aqueous solution by the sodium salt of the maleic acid-allylpropionate-styrene terpolymer
Authors: Akperov Elchin , Akperov Oktay , Jafarova Elnara , Gafarova Sabahiye
Published: July 2016

The sodium salt of the maleic acid-allylpropionate-styrene terpolymer was used for recovery of copper ions from aqueous solution. Effects of contact time, sorbent weight and initial Cu2+ ion concentrations on removal efficiency were tested. The maximum experimental sorption capacity of the sorbent for copper ions is 0.71 g g−1. The sorption isotherm of copper ions onto a prepared polymer sorbent has been studied and the equilibrium data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption isotherm data showed that copper ions adsorption on the sorbent was better fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model. The Lagergren pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were applied to examine the kinetics of the copper ions sorption by the synthesized sorbent. The kinetic data are best described by the pseudo-second-order model. The calculated value of the maximum sorption capacity by the pseudo-second-order equation (0.62 g g−1) corresponds well with its experimentally found value (0.71 g g−1). Considering the obtained kinetic data, and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and UV-vis spectra of the sorbent after the sorption, it is possible to come to the conclusion that during the sorption process Cu2+ ions enter a complex with the carboxylic groups of the maleic acid units of the sorbent.
Thoracoscopic Patch Repair of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in a Neonate Using Spiral Tacks: A Case Report
Authors: Riquelme Mario A , Guajardo Carlos D , Juarez-Parra Marco A , Elizondo Rodolfo A , Cortinas Julio C
Published: July 2016

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Spectrum of Fibroblastic lesions in University of Benin Teaching Hospital; A twenty year retrospective study
Authors: Odokuma Emmanuel Igho
Published: July 2016

IntroductionFibrous tumours are have been shown to occur commonly though the actual incidence is unknown since the lesions are predominantly benign and patient presentation is usually based on cosmesis. The few malignant varieties are however of great importance in health management hence this study which was aimed at determining the pattern of fibroblastic lesion in UBTH.Materials and methodThis was a retrospective study involving all anatomical pathology consultations in UBTH over twenty year period (January 1990- December 2010). The study involved records of all consultants made within the period and selection of the fibroblastic lesion and subsequent categorization according to WHO standard selected diagnosis were reviewed to confirm previous result according to current protocol.ResultThe study revealed that fibroma’s were the most common lesions constituting 52% of the recorded fibrous tumours while fibro sarcomas were the next most common. Nodular fasciitis were the least common. The mean age of fibrous tumour was 40.44 years old. While benign fibrous tumour occurred in the mid adulthood, malignant lesions presented predominantly in the elderly. The percentage prevalence of fibroblastic tumours was 0.137%Similarly the extremities were the most common sites of presentation; most benign tumour occurred in the upper extremities unlike the malignant variety that was distributed mainly to the lower extremity.ConclusionFibrous tumours are relatively common predominantly benign neoplasms which are more common in males than females. These lesions occur mainly in middle to late age intervals and are distributed to the extremities in most cases.
A two year review of autopsies performed in the two major secondary health centers in Benin City
Authors: Uchendu Obiora Jude
Published: July 2016

￼Autopsy practice is on decline despite its recorded numerous benefits. Earlier autopsy based studies in Nigeria were focused on tertiary centers.This study was a two-year descriptive retrospective study, to analyze the pattern of autopsies performed in secondary and primary centers in Edo state.About 4.4 cases were performed monthly, with coroner’s inquest and family requests accounting for 93.33% and 4.80% of cases. The mean age of patients was 39.66 years with a peak occurring in the fourth decade. Homicide cases, natural, accidental, suicide and indeterminate cases accounted for 40.00%, 30.48%, 23.80%, 1.90% and 3.81% of the cases.The relatively high rate unnatural deaths, maternal mortality and ischaemic vascular deaths, especially in the adolescent and young adults in Nigeria, as well as the negative attitude of doctors towards autopsy, calls for concern.
ORBITAL INDEX OF ADULT BINIS IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: ANIBOR Ese , IGHODAE Wilson
Published: July 2016

Context: Each orbital cavity has width usually greater than the height; the relationship between the two is given by orbital index.Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the orbital index of adult Binis. Settings and Design: The retrospective survey method was used in this study.Methods and Materials: The height and width of the orbit were measured by using the frontal skull x-ray films consisting of 100 (63 males and 37 females) anterio- posterior skull x-ray of subjects aged between 18 and 63 years. The measurement was carried out by choosing four points on the radiograph indicating the upper, lower, medial and lateral margins of the orbital rim and the distance between these points were measured using a digital vernier calliper.Statistical analysis used: The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 20). The independent t test was used to determine gender differences in orbital index among the participants.Results: The mean orbital height for the right and left sides were 31.11±0.56mm and 31.02±0.29mm respectively while the orbital widths were 39.97±0.37mm and 39.61±0.30mm respectively. The mean orbital index was 78.54±56 for the total population.  Conclusion: The study population belongs to the Microseme category.
DIGITAL AND PALMER DERMATOGLYPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE IJAW ETHNIC GROUP
Authors: OTOBO Tarimobo Michael , TARIMOBO-OTOBO Rugina
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Dermatoglyphics refers to the study of naturally occurring ridge on the planter surface of hand and foot of primates and other animals. Dermatoglyphics is a polygenic trait and is not duplicated among species even among monozygotic twins.The Ijaw’s are located predominately in the Niger Delta with fishing as their main stay of economy.Aim:  To determine the frequency distribution and gender differences of dermatoglyphic patterns of the Ijaw ethnic group in Nigeria.Methodology:  A total of 500 subjects were randomly selected to establish their digital and palmer dermatoglyphics by counting and classifying their ridge patterns based on standard technique.Results: The highest dermatoglyphic pattern frequency was radial loop (RL) 2.7±1.22, with least occurrence of ulnar loop pattern (UL) 1.37±0.60. There were no significant total finger ridge count (TFRC) and pattern intensity indices (PII) between sex P>0.05. Female subject had a significantly higher mean ATD angle and a-b ridge count than their male counterpart P <0.05.Discussion: There was a prevalence and elevated total frequency of radial loop and a diminution of whorl digital dermatoglyphic patterns; this finding is unique for this study population since most African studies among Nigeria ethnic group has ulnar loop as a predominate digital pattern. Also, sexual dimorphism was shown to exists in total finger ridge count (TFRC) and pattern intensity indices (PII) among the sampled subjects, however female subjects were reported to have higher mean ATD angle and a-b ridge count when compared to their male counterpart, this was statistically significant at P<0.05.Conclusion: This study has reported pattern frequency and gender asymmetry of digital and palmer dermatoglyphics traits of the Ijaw ethnic group.
Achieving Consensus for the Design and Delivery of an Online Intervention to Support Midwives in Work-Related Psychological Distress: Results From a Delphi Study
Authors: Pezaro Sally , Clyne Wendy
Published: July 2016

Background

Some midwives are known to experience both professional and organizational sources of psychological distress, which can manifest as a result of the emotionally demanding midwifery work, and the traumatic work environments they endure. An online intervention may be one option midwives may engage with in pursuit of effective support. However, the priorities for the development of an online intervention to effectively support midwives in work-related psychological distress have yet to be explored.

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore priorities in the development of an online intervention to support midwives in work-related psychological distress.

Methods

A two-round online Delphi study was conducted. This study invited both qualitative and quantitative data from experts recruited via a scoping literature search and social media channels.

Results

In total, 185 experts were invited to participate in this Delphi study. Of all participants invited to contribute, 35.7% (66/185) completed Round 1 and of those who participated in this first round, 67% (44/66) continued to complete Round 2. Out of 39 questions posed over two rounds, 18 statements (46%) achieved consensus, 21 (54%) did not. Participants were given the opportunity to write any additional comments as free text. In total, 1604 free text responses were collected and categorized into 2446 separate statements of opinion, creating a total of 442 themes. Overall, participants agreed that in order to effectively support midwives in work-related psychological distress, online interventions should make confidentiality and anonymity a high priority, along with 24-hour mobile access, effective moderation, an online discussion forum, and additional legal, educational, and therapeutic components. It was also agreed that midwives should be offered a simple user assessment to identify those people deemed to be at risk of either causing harm to others or experiencing harm themselves, and direct them to appropriate support.

Conclusions

This study has identified priorities for the development of online interventions to effectively support midwives in work-related psychological distress. The impact of any future intervention of this type will be optimized by utilizing these findings in the development process.
New Insights into Dialysis Vascular Access: Impact of Preexisting Arterial and Venous Pathology on AVF and AVG Outcomes
Authors: Vazquez-Padron Roberto I. , Allon Michael
Published: July 2016

Despite significant improvements in preoperative patient evaluation and surgical planning, vascular access failure in patients on hemodialysis remains a frequent and often unforeseeable complication. Our inability to prevent this complication is, in part, because of an incomplete understanding of how preexisting venous and arterial conditions influence the function of newly created arteriovenous fistulas and grafts. This article reviews the relationship between three preexisting vascular pathologies associated with CKD (intimal hyperplasia, vascular calcification, and medial fibrosis) and hemodialysis access outcomes. The published literature indicates that the pathogenesis of vascular access failure is multifactorial and not determined by any of these pathologies individually. Keeping this observation in mind should help focus our research on the true causes responsible for vascular access failure and the much needed therapies to prevent it.
New Insights into Dialysis Vascular Access: What Is the Optimal Vascular Access Type and Timing of Access Creation in CKD and Dialysis Patients?
Authors: Woo Karen , Lok Charmaine E.
Published: July 2016

Optimal vascular access planning begins when the patient is in the predialysis stages of CKD. The choice of optimal vascular access for an individual patient and determining timing of access creation are dependent on a multitude of factors that can vary widely with each patient, including demographics, comorbidities, anatomy, and personal preferences. It is important to consider every patient’s ESRD life plan (hence, their overall dialysis access life plan for every vascular access creation or placement). Optimal access type and timing of access creation are also influenced by factors external to the patient, such as surgeon experience and processes of care. In this review, we will discuss the key determinants in optimal access type and timing of access creation for upper extremity arteriovenous fistulas and grafts.
Differences in IL-1β and IL-6 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid during acute phase of orthodontic tooth movement between juveniles and young adults
Authors: Vujacic Amila , Konic Aleksandra , Pavlovic Jasna , Todorovic Vera , Vukicevic Vladanka , Jevremovic Danimir , Milosevic-Jovcic Nadezda
Published: July 2016

Background/Aim. There is little information, about the difference in cytokine levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), between juveniles (children) and young adults (adults). The aim of this study was to examine the levels of interleukins IL-1? and IL- 6 in GCF of these two age groups during the acute phase of OTM. Methods. The subjects, 10 children and 10 adults, underwent OTM of a single tooth, with an untreated antagonistic tooth used as the control group. GCF was sampled from both the control and treatment sites right before the beginning (the baseline) and 24 h, 72 h and 168 h upon initiation of OTM. Cytokine levels were determined by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. The levels of both GCF IL-1? and IL-6 showed a bimodal peak during early phase of OTM, at 24 h and 168 h, in both age groups. As the statistic has shown, the increase in IL-1? levels was more prominent after 168 h in treated teeth of children, compared to both children?s control teeth and treated teeth of adults, whilst the GCF IL-6 levels in the same group increased significantly after 24 h, as well as after 168 h, approximately 70 and 55 fold, respectively. In the same time periods the increase of IL-6 levels in GCF of adults was notably lesser, averaging approximately 5 and 10 fold, respectively, compared to the control teeth. In addition, the amount of tooth movement was statistically larger for children than for adults 168 hours upon the initiation of OTM. Conclusion. GCF IL-1? and IL-6 were increasingly expressed during initial phase of OTM in both children and adults. However, excretory response of cytokines in children?s GCF, especially the concentration of IL-6, was at a significantly higher level than that of adults?, which accords to the finding that the initial OTM is faster in children.
Poznámky k tvorbě slovníku na základe korpusu / Notes on Compiling a Corpus-Based Dictionary
Authors: Čermák František
Published: July 2016

On the basis of sample analysis of a Czech adjective, a definition based on the data drawn from the Czech National Corpus (cf. Čermák and Schmiedtová 2003) is gradually compiled and finally offered, pointing at the drawbacks of definitions found in traditional dictionaries. Steps undertaken here are then generalized and used, in an ordered sequence (similar to a work-flow ordering), as topics, briefly discussed in the second part to which lexicographers of monolingual dictionaries should pay attention. These are supplemented by additional remarks and caveats useful in the compilation of a dictionary. Thus, a brief survey of some of the major steps of dictionary compilation is presented here, supplemented by the original Czech data, analyzed in their raw, though semiotically classified form
Ferdinand de Saussure (1857 – 1931)
Authors: Ondrejovič Slavomír
Published: July 2016

The paper reminds some facts of the Ferdinand de Saussure‘s life, which could have influenced his posthumously published work Course in General Linguistics (1916). The attention is also paid to his other work Mémoire sur le système primitif des voyelles dans les langues indo-européennes (1879) which has played a role in the development of structural linguistics as well. The author shows that it is useful to go back (also critically) to all thoughts and premises of Ferdinand de Saussure even after 100 years. We still can, as it is also proved by F. Čermák, find there new stimuli and inspirations and, moreover, reveal a loopholes or unclear points that need another and more adequate interpretation
Income Segregation Between Schools and School Districts
Authors: Owens Ann , Reardon Sean F. , Jencks Christopher
Published: July 2016

Although trends in the racial segregation of schools are well documented, less is known about trends in income segregation. We use multiple data sources to document trends in income segregation between schools and school districts. Between-district income segregation of families with children enrolled in public school increased by over 15% from 1990 to 2010. Within large districts, between-school segregation of students who are eligible and ineligible for free lunch increased by over 40% from 1991 to 2012. Consistent with research on neighborhood segregation, we find that rising income inequality contributed to the rise in income segregation between schools and districts during this period. The rise in income segregation between both schools and districts may have implications for inequality in students’ access to resources that bear on academic achievement.
Of Geography and Race: Some Reflections on the Relative Involvement of the Discipline of Geography in the Spatiality of People of Colour in the United States
Authors: Hanafi Elyes
Published: July 2016

This article examines the approach of the discipline of human geography in the United States to the theme of race and, by extension, its position toward people of colour. The article endeavours to reveal the relative implication of the discipline since its modern era in the reification of ideas and stereotypes that had traditionally been attached to people of colour and seeks to expose its partial role in the race-based spatial distribution of the population at large. Notwithstanding the typical change in geographic methodology in relation to race in the 1960s, this, however, was not accompanied by an adoption of a profound conception of race as a socio-historical construct that ought not to be gauged solely through the lens of quantification and empiricism. This concern has recently been echoed by a number of critical geographers who seem to be cognizant of the power and magnitude of race in the continuing spatialization of people of colour.
Teaching Professionalism: Using Role-Play Simulations to Generate Professionalism Learning Outcomes
Authors: Armitage-Chan Elizabeth , Whiting Martin
Published: July 2016

For a constructively aligned curriculum in veterinary professionalism, there is a need for well-designed higher order learning outcomes to support students' professional identity formation. A lack of uniformly accepted definitions of veterinary professionalism necessitates the defining and refining of current concepts of professionalism to inform teaching and assessment. A potential method for achieving such learning outcomes is to generate these from simulated professionalism teaching scenarios. A workshop was designed in which veterinary educators used role play to resolve a professional dilemma. Following discussion of the appropriate management approach, participants were asked to reflect on the learning outcomes that were required to resolve the scenario and that students would achieve by going through the same classroom-based process. Workshop participants identified several professionalism learning outcomes that are not currently defined in the literature: realizing that there is not a single correct answer to a professional dilemma, making a decision despite this uncertainty, communicating differences of opinion, and understanding the effect of differences in professional identity. Although the process described runs counter to traditional curricular design, it may offer a valuable contribution to the discourse surrounding professionalism learning outcomes. Furthermore, it has generated higher level learning outcomes than have been obtained through other methods.
To Demarcate or Not to Demarcate: Analysis of Marked Versus Unmarked On-Street Parking Efficiency
Authors: Dey Soumya S. , Dance Christopher R. , Darst Matthew , Dock Stephanie , Silander Tomi , Pochowski Alek
Published: July 2016

Curb space is a valuable asset for urban areas. The space is a finite resource with competing needs from various modes, land uses, and customers. In this context, when the curb space is used for parking, it is important that the space be used as efficiently as possible. There is no unanimous conclusion on whether a demarcated or undemarcated curbside configuration accommodates more vehicles. Most information on this subject is conflicting and anecdotal. This paper presents the results of an in-depth analysis with modeling and field data collection to determine whether a specific configuration is beneficial from a utilization standpoint. It also reviews the state-of-the-practice on demarcating on-street parking spaces and the results of a survey of local jurisdictions’ policies and practice and the logic behind the decision-making process. The authors conclude that factors other than efficiency might drive the decision to demarcate (or not).
Effectiveness of a Rectangular Rapid-Flashing Beacon at a Midblock Crosswalk on a High-Speed Urban Collector
Authors: Dougald Lance E.
Published: July 2016

On April 8, 2013, the Virginia Department of Transportation installed a rectangular rapid-flashing beacon (RRFB) system at Belmont Ridge Road in Loudoun County, Virginia; two units at the Washington and Old Dominion Trail crossing were included in addition to advance warning units for the northbound and southbound travel directions. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the utility, effectiveness, and safety of the RRFB system during a 1-year period. Of particular interest were ( a) the percentage of trail users who pressed the push button to activate the RRFBs and whether that action varied by mode (pedestrians versus bicyclists), ( b) motorist behavior when the RRFB system was activated and not activated, and ( c) trail user impressions of the system relating to perceptions of safety. The results of the study indicated that the RRFB systems had a positive effect on motorist awareness. This finding was evidenced by the increased yield rates when the system was activated rather than not activated, speed reductions when the system was activated, and trail user perspectives on increased opportunities to cross and increased safety at the crossing location. In addition, the RRFB system was perceived by trail users as an enhancement to safety at the Belmont Ridge Road crossing, trail user perceptions of RRFB system benefits grew over time, and there was a correlation between trail user activations and the presence of traffic.
Elevated Derived Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Corresponds With Poor Outcome in Patients Undergoing Pre-Operative Chemotherapy in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: van Kessel Kim E.M. , de Haan Lorraine M. , Fransen van de Putte Elisabeth E. , van Rhijn Bas W.G. , de Wit Ronald , van der Heijden Michiel S. , Zwarthoff Ellen C. , Boormans Joost L.
Published: July 2016

Background: Platinum-based pre-operative chemotherapy (POC) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) increases the complete pathological response rate at cystectomy and improves overall survival. However, 60% of MIBC patients still has muscle-invasive disease at cystectomy despite POC. Therefore, accurate prediction of response to POC is an important clinical need. We hypothesized that an elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) corresponds with adverse outcome in patients undergoing POC and radical cystectomy.

Objective: To explore the correlation between the NLR and outcome in MIBC patients treated by POC and radical cystectomy.

Methods: In 123 MIBC patients (urothelial carcinoma) who were treated by platinum-based POC and radical cystectomy, the derived NLR (dNLR) was retrospectively calculated by dividing the neutrophil count by the difference between leukocytes and neutrophil counts, prior to the start of chemotherapy. The correlation of the dNLR with pathological response at cystectomy and survival was analyzed by logistic regression analysis or the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results: The complete pathological response (ypT0N0Mx) rate was 28.5%, 8.9% obtained a partial response (ypTa/T1/TisN0Mx), and 62.6% were non-responders (stage ≥ ypT2 and/or N+). An elevated dNLR (>2.21) correlated with non-response to POC (OR 2.70, 95% confidence interval: 1.15–6.38, p = 0.02) but this effect was nullified when corrected for clinically node-positive disease and clinical T stage. Patients with an elevated dNLR had shorter progression-free and overall survival albeit non-significant ( p = 0.42, and p = 0.45, respectively).

Conclusions: An elevated dNLR corresponded with poor outcome in terms of survival and non-response to POC in MIBC patients undergoing radical surgery. However, after correction for well-known prognostic factors, such as positive lymph node status at diagnostic imaging and clinical T stage, the correlation for the dNLR was nullified. Therefore, we conclude that the dNLR is insufficient to predict response to POC in this heterogeneous patient population.
Detection of breast cancer using electromagnetic techniques: A review
Authors: Islam M.M. , Faruque M.R.I. , Misran N. , Islam M.T.
Published: July 2016

Breast cancer is the most well-known malignancy of non-skin and the second leading reason of cancer death among the women in the world after the lung cancer. In this review, the development of the microwave imaging system is described for breast cancer detection depending on the ultra-wideband imaging system, which is a promising emerging technology that uses the dielectric contrast between malignant, benignant and normal fibro glandular breast tissues at the microwave frequencies. Some breast cancer detection techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Mammography, Ultra-Wide Band (UWB), Ultrasound and their performances have also been reviewed. There are some restrictions of the existing UWB imaging systems such as they have no ability to detect the breast tumor at the beginning period, having no 3D pictorial representation of tumor size in all systems and a multiple array antenna in respect of complex system. This encourages the improvement of the extended signal processing techniques for ultra-wideband imaging systems and initiates a more appealing imaging scenario. The limitations and running challenges of the microwave imaging system have been discussed completely with some feasible suggestions. Confidently, this thorough survey has been done here to overcome this limitations of the existing and proposed systems.
Design and performance improvement of shaped-beam parabolic reflector antenna for small region coverage by non-symmetrical array feed technique
Authors: Rahman N.H. Abd , Ali M.T. , Islam M.T. , Yamada Y.
Published: July 2016

Design and analysis of a shaped-beam 12.2 GHz array-fed reflector antenna for broadcasting satellite application and its significant performance improvement are presented in this paper. In the beginning, an elementary design employing a cluster of feed horns illuminating a single reflector has been proposed for multi beam antenna(MBA) system to produce contoured beam for Peninsular Malaysia. In this configuration, the horn positions were determined precisely through a newly developed caustic locus graph, which is the simplified technique for calculating the exact feed locations in both elevation and azimuth plane. The accuracy of the two-dimensional caustic locus graph, which was developed based on a ray tracing approach, has been verified through EM simulations. A universal feed position equation, derived from the technique has been very useful in designing the multiple feed structures employed in this research to ensure optimum radiation to the exact locations on the earth. Based on the initial design (a cluster of feed horns) due to the small size of the coverage area, an issue with regards to physical constructability of the feed horns is raised. To solve this problem, the MBA is modified by utilizing 18-element microstrip array as the feed, where each element positions are calculated by using the same caustic model. In this approach, calculations of accurate feed positions and optimum excitation coefficients in widely distributed feed areas are considered as among the most critical aspects in designing the shaped-beam antenna system. By using the proposed solution, the preceding issue is solved and higher gain shaped-beam coverage with optimized radiation pattern is generated. This paper shows the results of the contoured beam antenna that have been achieved for beam scanned over a small coverage size of approximately 0.9° long and 0.5° wide. Small variation of radiation level, which is less than 3 dB within the EOC, is also demonstrated in the performance analysis.
A high-efficiency, self-powered nonlinear interface circuit for bi-stable rotating piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting with nonlinear magnetic force
Authors: Cheng Congcong , Chen Zhongsheng , Xiong Yeping , Shi Hongwu , Yang Yongmin
Published: July 2016

Parallel synchronized switch harvesting on inductor(P-SSHI) circuits have been proved to enhance piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting (PVEH), but the maximum conversion efficiency is obtained only when the voltage across the storage capacitor (VSC) equates to the optimal value. For bi-stable rotating PVEH with nonlinear magnetic force in engineering applications, however, the VSC will change greatly when powering real electric loads, thus it is impossible to maintain high conversion efficiency. In order to solve this problem, this paper presents an improved P-SSHI circuit with controllable optimal voltage (COV-PSSHI) by using a voltage control strategy between the storage capacitor and the electric load. The innovation is to control and maintain the VSC close to the optimal value. Firstly, the COV-PSSHI circuit is proposed and its theoretic model is built in detail. Then its average harvested power (AHP) is theoretically derived and AHP of the COV-PSSHI circuit is proved to be more than that of a classical P-SSHI circuit. In the end, experiments are performed to validate the performance of the COV-PSSHI circuit. It can be seen that the COV-PSSHI circuit can increase the AHP by factor 1.25 compared with classical P-SSHI circuits, which is enough to intermittently power the wireless sensor node. Also power consumption of the voltage control circuit has few effects on the COV-PSSHI circuit. In particular, it needs to optimize the envelop capacitor, the parallel inductor and two threshold voltages of the voltage controller in order to implement the COV-PSSHI circuit well in practice.
Design optimization of an arc-edged trapezoidal Halbach array in the linear permanent magnet actuator for precision engineering
Authors: Chen Jun-Wei , Zhang Bo , Ding Han
Published: July 2016

In this paper, an arc-edged trapezoidal Halbach PM linear actuator for precision engineering is proposed. In this linear actuator, the Halbach PM array is utilized as a mover. To take into account the magnetic field distortion caused by the finite-length of the PM array near the boundaries, a long-period Fourier series expansion is applied to calculate the field distribution of the PM array and the associated thrust. They are then validated by the finite element method and physical experiments. Finally, by a fitting-based local searching method, design optimization is implemented to achieve a small thrust ripple as well as a large mean thrust.
Discharges of plasma induced by hypervelocity impact on the solar array with different substrate structures
Authors: Tang Enling , Li Zheng , Zhang Qingming , Wang Meng , Xiang Shenghai , Liu Shuhua , He Liping , Han Yafei , Xia Jin , Wang Hongliang , Xu Mingyang
Published: July 2016

The purpose of the paper is to investigate the discharge of the plasma generated by a projectile hypervelocity impact on solar array with three kinds of different substrates at the 60° incidence angle and the external applied voltage of 100 voltage. Four sets of experiments were performed to impact solar arrays with CFRP Aluminum honeycomb sandwich substrate, Aluminum honeycomb sandwich substrate and the aluminum substrate by using two-stage light gas gun loading system and discharge measurement system established. Experimental results showed that discharge voltage and discharge current of the solar array with CFRP Aluminum honeycomb sandwich substrate are the most strongest among the solar array with CFRP Aluminum honeycomb sandwich substrate, Aluminum honeycomb sandwich substrate and the aluminum substrate. This work will be helpful to improve the material and substrate' structure of the solar arrays in spacecrafts.
Gyro-chirality effect of bianisotropic substrate on the operational of rectangular microstrip patch antenna
Authors: Zebiri Chemseddine , Daoudi Samiha , Benabdelaziz Fatiha , Lashab Mohamed , Sayad Djamel , Ali Nazar T. , Abd-Alhameed Raed A.
Published: July 2016

In this paper, the gyrotropic bi-anisotropy of the chiral medium in substrate constitutive parameters (ξc and ηc) of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna is introduced in order to observe its effects on the complex resonant frequency, half-power bandwidth and input impedance. Numerical calculations and analysis based on the dominant mode are carried out to show that the latter is directly related to the former. This paper is based on the Moment Method as full-wave spectral domain approach using sinusoidal basis functions. Two new results, namely the appearance of the difference (ξc-ηc) and sum (ξc+ηc) of the two magneto-electric elements are obtained in the electric transverse components and Green tensor expressions, respectively. These new results can be considered as a generalisation form of the previously published work.
Double star induction machine modelling: Impact of the stator mutual leakage inductance
Authors: Kouki Hajer , Fredj Mouldi Ben , Rehaoulia Habib
Published: July 2016

This article discusses the modeling of double star induction machines (DSIM). Its main objective is to study the impact of the stator mutual leakage inductance on the modeling of such machines, in steady-state and dynamic operations. For that purpose, experimental and simulation results are conducted on two squirrel cage induction machines with equal ratings. The stator of each machine is specifically conceived with two sets of three phase windings. Spatial shifting θ , between the two stars, is made 0° for the first machine and 30° for the second.

Regarding the machine modeling, the study encompasses three cases. First, the mutual leakage inductance is included. Second, the mutual leakage inductance is considered as a self-leakage inductance. Third, the mutual leakage inductance is simply neglected. However, by defining a couple of parameters (α _k, β _k)an original compact model is developed. The approach applies either in steady state or in transient operation.

In addition, to enhance the accuracy of the modelling process, the effect of magnetic saturation is introduced in the d-q mathematical model of the double star induction machine (DSIM), whatever the electrical shifting between the two stator stars.

Predictions of various electrical and mechanical characteristics have shown the importance of taking into account the mutual leakage fluxes in the DSIM modeling, especially in transient operation. Analysis of simulation and practical results has also confirmed the correct model.
Research advances in eddy current testing for maintenance of carbon fiber reinforced plastic composites
Authors: Cheng Jun , Qiu Jinhao , Xu Xiaojuan , Ji Hongli , Takagi Toshiyuki , Uchimoto Tetsuya
Published: July 2016

This paper presents the overview of previous studies on the eddy current testing of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) composites. CFRP is composed of many unidirectional carbon fiber/epoxy plies stacked together, thus it has laminated structure and inhomogeneous nature. Eddy Current Testing (ECT) is an efficient and non-contact Nondestructive Testing (NDT) technique for conductive materials. The electrical conductivity of carbon fibers can be utilized by ECT system for fiber texture mapping and detection of defects that can cause the conductivity change. Recently a lot of attention has been paid to the electromagnetic properties characterization of CFRP material, fiber texture and defect detection, as well as the ECT technique enhancement. In this paper we will give the detailed information and results of these research works. In addition this paper also summarizes the available numerical simulation methods for the electromagnetic modeling of CFRP materials, and the calculation of eddy currents and ECT signals.
Electromechanical coupling based performance evaluation of distorted phased array antennas with random position errors
Authors: Wang Congsi , Kang Mingkui , Wang Wei , Zhong Jianfeng , Zhang Yiqun , Jiang Chao , Duan Baoyan
Published: July 2016

The influences of the random error and mechanical distortion on the electromagnetic performances of phased array antenna (PAA) are of great significance to the research on and development of the high-performance antennas. A coupled structural-electromagnetic model of PAA is developed to describe the effect of random error and mechanical distortion on the performances of antenna. The application of the model to a planar array antenna demonstrates the variation of the sidelobe level and gain with different random errors and different distortion grades respectively. The valuable results provide a theoretical guidance for the engineer to determine the optimal performance-driven structural tolerance.