bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Precision Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of a Complex Lesion
Authors: Yousif Nooraldaem , Bardooli Fawaz , Hussain Tajammul , Noor Husam A.
Published: October 2020

Background:

Balloon dilation and atherectomy have limitations in the treatment of heavily calcific
coronary lesions.

Introduction:

Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) is a state-of-the-art system that modifies severe calcific coronary plaques
efficiently. In this paper, we report our experience with IVL in the context of a calcific in-stent chronic total occlusion.

Case summary:

A 75-year-old gentleman whose status was post percutaneous coronary intervention,
with the deployment of two overlapping bare-metal stents in the mid-left anterior descending
artery (LAD) 20 years ago, was admitted to our cardiac center for the elective intervention of in-stent
chronic total occlusion (CTO) of LAD, which was performed using an antegrade wire escalation
(AWE) technique. After recanalization of the CTO body, optical coherence tomography pullback
confirmed a very high calcium score. Balloon dilatation attempts failed, so we proceeded with
shockwave lithotripsy with successful full expansion of the 3.5-mm IVL balloon followed by a
straightforward stent delivery. The procedure was complicated by distal wire perforation, which
was handled in a timely manner with coil embolization. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful.

Conclusion:

This case illustrates the feasibility and effectiveness of IVL that powerfully cracks
coronary calcium while minimizing vessel wall trauma in the context of heavily calcific in-stent
CTO. In our case, coronary perforation occurred in a small-caliber side branch, which was identified
in a timely manner before hemodynamic compromise and treated successfully straight away
with coil embolization.
Leptin G-2548A and Leptin Receptor Q223R Gene Polymorphisms are Differently Associated with Oxidative Process in Mexican Mestizo and Indigenous with Obesity
Authors: Delgadillo-Guzmán Dealmy , Sharara-Núñez Alfonso Ibrahim , Pedroza-Escobar David , Castillo-Maldonado Irais , Quintanar-Escorza Martha Angélica
Published: October 2020

:

Leptin levels and oxidative stress are implicated in obesity risk. Reports of association
of leptin gene (LEP) and leptin receptor gene (LEPR) polymorphisms with leptin elevation are contradictory
in a diverse population. Only a few studies report the linkage of obesity with biochemical
markers and genetic factors.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to examine whether plasma lipid peroxidation, antioxidant capability,
leptin levels are associate selected LEP -2548 A/G and LEPR Q223R polymorphisms in
mestizo and indigenous obesity Mexican population.

Methods:

We identified and characterized 50 overweight or obese subjects and 50 healthy, normal-
weight volunteers with indigenous Tepehuana or Mexican mestizo ethnicity from Durango,
Mexico. LEP -2548 A/G and LEPR Q223R polymorphisms were determined by genotyping. Concentrations
of leptin, antioxidant capacity (CA) and lipoperoxidation (LIPX) were determined in
fast conditions on plasma with Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) in all participants.

Results:

The highest genotype frequency was the heterozygous LEPR, which was associated with
lipid peroxidation levels in normal-weight Tepehuan populations. A positive correlation was observed
(r = 0.5; p <0.01) between LEP polymorphism and lipoperoxidation in normal weight Tepehuan
subjects. On the other hand, the LEPR polymorphism was associated with the level of lipoperoxidation
(r = 0.13; P<0.05) in mestizo populations of normal weight. Conclusion: It is probable
that there is a synergistic effect for obesity, where the presence of oxidative stress and single nucleotide
polymorphisms (SNP) of leptin and its receptor contributes to the generation of pathological
subcutaneous fat of obesity, together with the environmental conditions of the populations.
A Simplified Design Model for Modular Steel Buildings Subject to Vapor Cloud Explosions (VCEs)
Authors: Bedair Osama
Published: October 2020

Background:

Modular steel buildings (MSB) are extensively used in petrochemical plants and refineries.
Limited guidelines are available in the industry for analysis and design of (MSB) subject to accidental vapor cloud
explosions (VCEs).

Objectives:

The paper presents simplified engineering model for modular steel buildings (MSB) subject to accidental
vapor cloud explosions (VCEs) that are extensively used in petrochemical plants and refineries.

Method:

A Single degree of freedom (SDOF) dynamic model is utilized to simulate the dynamic response of primary
building components. Analytical expressions are then provided to compute the dynamic load factors (DLF) for critical
building elements. Recommended foundation systems are also proposed to install the modular building with minimum
cost.

Results:

Numerical results are presented to illustrate the dynamic response of (MSB) subject to blast loading. It is shown
that (DLF)=1.6 is attained at (td/t)=0.4 for front wall (W1) with (td/T)=1.25. For side walls (DLF)=1.41 and is attained at
(td/t)=0.6.

Conclusions:

The paper presented simplified tools for analysis and design of (MSB) subject accidental vapor cloud blast
explosions (VCEs). The analytical expressions can be utilized by practitioners to compute the (MSB) response and
identify the design parameters. They are simple to use compared to Finite Element Analysis.
The Effectiveness and Safety of Remdesivir for the Treatment of Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hariyanto Timotius Ivan , Kwenandar Felix , Japar Karunia Valeriani , Damay Vika , Kurniawan Andree
Published: October 2020

Background:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease that has significant
implications on the global health burden. Currently, there is no widely accepted pharmacologic
treatment for COVID-19. Remdesivir has been shown effective against various types of viruses,
including coronaviruses. This study aimed at synthesizing the latest evidence regarding the effectiveness
and safety of remdesivir as a potential treatment candidate against COVID-19.

Methods:

This systematic review has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020183707). A systematic
search of the literature was conducted in PubMed, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar
through June 5th, 2020. Statistical analysis was done by using the Review Manager 5.4 tool. The
risk of bias was evaluated using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB
2) and GRADE analysis was performed to determine the certainty of the evidence.

Results:

Two studies with a total of 1,300 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that
remdesivir was associated with faster time to clinical improvement (MD -4.75 days; 95% CI -4.84
days to -4.65 days; p < 0.00001), reduction in mortality rate (RR 0.39; 95% CI 0.27 – 0.56; p <
0.00001) and fewer incidence of serious adverse events (RR 0.77; 95% CI 0.63 – 0.94; p = 0.01).
GRADE analysis showed a high certainty for serious adverse events and moderate certainty for
time to clinical improvement and mortality rate.

Conclusion:

Remdesivir is more effective and safer compared with standard care of treatment for
the treatment of COVID-19 because it was associated with faster time to clinical improvement, reduction
in mortality rate, and fewer incidence of serious adverse events.
Extraction and Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activity of Mimosa rubicaulis in Swiss Albino Rats
Authors: Gurung Roshani , Adhikari Sundar , Koirala Niranjan , Parajuli Kalpana
Published: October 2020

Background:

Pain and inflammation are major health problems. The adverse effect of
synthetic drugs for the management of painful inflammatory conditions gives a strong motivation
for researchers to develop newer drugs with lesser side effects. Mimosa rubicaulis has been traditionally
used in rheumatism, fungal infection, wound, fever, etc.

Objective:

The objective was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of ethanolic
stem extract of M. rubicaulis in Swiss albino rats.

Methods:

The stem of M. rubicaulis was collected, subjected to double maceration using ethanol
as a solvent. Then, Swiss albino rats (n=72) were taken. An acute toxicity study was conducted using
different doses of the plant extract. The anti-inflammatory activity (100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg)
was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced paw edema test, while, analgesic activity (100
mg/kg, 250 mg/kg) was evaluated using a hot plate and tail immersion method. The result was analyzed
using a one-way analysis of variance and post hoc analysis with the Tukey test.

Results:

The acute toxicity study showed that the plant is safe for use in an animal model. The extract
showed anti-inflammatory activity by a reduction in paw edema volume by 25% and 48%.
Similarly, analgesic activity was shown by an increase in latency of paw licking and tail withdrawal
by 41%, and 56% (hot plate method) and 39% and 54% (Tail immersion method), p<0.05.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that the ethanolic extract of Mimosa rubicaulis is safe and possesses
both anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.
Progress in Preparation of Silk Fibroin Microspheres for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Long Shihe , Xiao Yun , Zhang Xingdong
Published: October 2020

As a natural biomaterial, silk fibroin (SF) holds great potential in biomedical
applications with its broad availability, good biocompatibility, high mechanical strength,
ease of fabrication, and controlled degradation. With emerging fabrication methods, nanoand
microspheres made from SF have brought about unique opportunities in drug delivery,
cell culture, and tissue engineering. For these applications, the size and distribution of silk
fibroin particles (SFPs) are critical and require precise control during fabrication. Herein,
we review common and emerging SFPs fabrication methods and their biomedical applications,
and also the challenges and opportunities for SFPs in the near future.

Lay Summary: The application of silk in textile has an extraordinarily long history and
new biomedical applications emerged owing to the good biocompatibility and versatile
fabrication options of its major protein component, silk fibroin. With the development of
nanotechnology and microfabrication, silk fibroin has been fabricated into nano- or microspheres
with precisely controlled shape and distribution. In this review, we summarize
common and emerging silk fibroin particle fabrication methods and their biomedical applications,
and also discuss their challenges and opportunities in the nearest future.
Growth Process of Cd0.8Zn0.2Te Crystal to Enhance its Performance as
Detector for High-energy Radiation
Authors: Su Ching-Hua
Published: October 2020

Introduction:

In the applications of room temperature detector for high-energy radiation, there are two critical
requirements for the semiconducting material cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe): (1) high electrical resistivity to reduce the
bulk leakage current and (2) low levels of structural defects which hinder the detectivity as trapping and recombination
centers for the carriers. To enhance the performance of the detectors, an optimal single process has been developed in the
melt growth of Cd0.8Zn0.2Te by directional solidification with controlled Cd overpressure to maximize the electrical resistivity as well as minimize the structural defects, including Te precipitates/inclusions of the grown CdZnTe crystals.

Method:

Using the phase diagram data of pressure-temperature-composition (P-T-X), melt growth of Cd0.8Zn0.2Te crystals
by directional solidification from a starting melt at 1145oC has been performed with various Cd overpressures controlled by
the temperature of a Cd reservoir. The grown crystals were sliced and were characterized by electrical resistivity measurements and chemical analysis of Glow Discharge Mass Spectroscopy (GDMS). The structural defects were studied by the
infrared (IR) transmission images taken by an IR microscope.

Result:

By doping of In (4 – 6 ppm, atomic) and growing with a Cd reservoir in the range of 785 to 825oC, the electrical
conductivity were consistently higher than 109cm and up to 2x1011cm. From the trend of the Te precipitates density
observed by the IR micrographs, it was concluded that a Cd reservoir temperature of 820+10oC resulted in the lowest
precipitate density.

Conclusion:

The employment of a Cd reservoir temperature of 820+5
oC during the growth process will provide the optimal
Cd pressure over the melt at 1145oC to maximize the electrical resistivity as well as minimize the structural defects, including Te precipitates/inclusions of the grown Cd0.8Zn0.2Te crystals.

Discussion:

Since the solids of different compositions, x in the Cd1-xZnxTe system, have different liquidus/solidus temperatures as well as different homogeneity ranges, the procedure presented here for the Cd0.8Zn0.2Te solid may not applicable
to other compositions.
Factors Affecting Overweight and Obesity among Urban Adults: A Case of Samsun Province, Turkey
Authors: BOZOĞLU Mehmet , BAŞER Uğur , ORAK Şeyma , KALELİOĞLU Hümeyra , UL HAQ Shamsheer
Published: October 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the impacts of genetic, behavioral, and socio-economic factors on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among urban adults. Methods: The primary data of this study was derived from 384 adult individuals using the non-grouped one stage random likelihood sampling procedure in the urban area of Samsun province of Turkey. The ordered probit model was used to estimate factors affecting overweight and obesity among urban adults. Results: The research results show that the prevalence of overweight and obesity among urban adults were 30.7% and 21.1, respectively. The ordered probit model result revealed that age, number of siblings, marital status, employment, number of obese family member, BMI of mother and breastfeeding duration had statistically significant positive effects on the likelihood of overweight and obesity among the urban adults, while paying attention toward fat, sugar and salt contents in foods and dieting behavior had statistically significant negative effects on the likelihood of overweight and obesity. Conclusions: In order to decrease the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the urban adults, they should be eating healthy foods and do enough physical activities, and these should be a part of their lifestyle forever.
Перспективные технологии для прикладных резонансных ускорителей заряженных частиц и примеры их использования (Обзор)
Authors: Куцаев С.В.
Published: October 2020

This paper presents the author’s vision on current and future trends in RF particle accelerators development for industrial applications, based on his own work experience in this area. This review covers the most interesting and promising area of applications, according to author’s point of view, where a significant progress has been or can be achieved thanks to the novel technologies. In particular, high gradient structures, new materials and fabrication techniques, cryogenic systems and novel acceleration schemes led to miniaturization, efficiency and variability of the accelerators for industrial, medical, security and scientific applications, and even quantum computers.
Влияние дискообразных непроводящих включений на электропроводность материала на постоянном токе
Authors: Стефанович Л.И.
Published: October 2020

The influence of non-conductive disk-like inclusions (fractures) on the conductivity of a conducting medium in direct current is considered. To find the additional specific electrical resistance due to cracks, a self-consistent problem for the current density has been solved. In this case, a hydrodynamic analogy was used between the motion of an ideal incompressible fluid during potential flow around solids and electric current flowing around fractures. The functional dependences of the resulting relative additional specific electrical resistance of the material on the fracturing coefficient for thick and thin samples are found. A graphical visualization of these dependences shows that for a thick specimen, for all real values of the coefficient of fracturing, it is linear and is determined by the shape of the fractures. For a thin sample, the dependence of the relative additional the specific electrical resistance of the material on the fracturing coefficient is proportional to the thickness of the sample and is nonlinear. The obtained dependences of the additional electrical resistivity can be used, in particular, as a non-invasive method for determining the fracturing coefficient of rock samples conducting electric current.
Метод расчета термостата для наземных испытаний инфракрасных оптико-электронных систем
Authors: Дмитриев И.Ю. , Котмакова А.А. , Резунков Ю.А.
Published: October 2020

Создана модель термовакуумной системы (термостата) для регулирования и стабилизации температуры главного зеркала охлаждаемого оптического коллиматора для проведения испытаний оптико-электронной аппаратуры, работающей в инфракрасной области. Разработан оригинальный метод решения системы нелинейных уравнений лучистого теплообмена в термостате, проведен анализ однородности распределения температуры по поверхности главного зеркала. Ключевые слова: термостат, коллиматор, лучистый теплообмен, тепловой баланс, термоаберрации.
Пики термодесорбции водорода: моделирование и интерпретация
Authors: Заика Ю.В. , Костикова Е.К. , Нечаев Ю.С.
Published: October 2020

Various models of hydrogen thermal desorption peaks are analyzed. The dynamics model of the volume-averaged concentration with a continuum parameter allows integrally taking into account the degree of dominance of the limiting factors (diffusion and recombination of atoms into molecules during desorption). An analytical criterion for peaks symmetry is proposed in the context of comparison with the method of decomposing the component spectrum into the sum of Gaussian. Modifications of the Kissinger method for estimating the activation energy of desorption in experiments with several heating rates and procedures for solving the inverse problem of parametric identification of a unimodal peak using only one heating rate are presented. A comparative with a diffusion model with dynamic boundary conditions is performed. It is shown that the cause of local peaks can be not only capture with different binding energies but also the dynamics of interaction of bulk and surface processes, change in the surface structure during heating.
Моделирование окисления расплава активной зоны ядерного реактора при наличии оксидной корки на поверхности расплава
Authors: Хабенский В.Б. , Альмяшев В.И. , Грановский В.С. , Крушинов Е.В. , Витоль С.А. , Котова С.Ю. , Гусаров В.В.
Published: October 2020

At a severe accident of nuclear power plants with light-water reactors, the most effective way to localize the forming melt (corium) is to keep it in the cooled reactor vessel, the integrity of which depends on the value of heat flux from the melt to the reactor vessel. In this case, one of the critical processes is the melt oxidation by a water steam or a steam-air mixture. It process can lead to a significant increase in the thermal load on the reactor vessel due to a heat of exothermic reactions of oxidation of reducing agents, which presents in the melt, a thickness decreasing of the metallic part of the molten pool, and a hydrogen release. All of these factors strictly depends on the rate of oxidation. When considering the conditions of melt oxidation, it taken into account that for the accepted scenarios of a severe accident, the most realistic situation is the presence of a solid-phase oxide layer (oxidic crust) on the melt surface. Under these conditions, a dependence for calculating the rate of core melt oxidation based on the diffusion model proposed and its validation by using the obtained experimental data performed.
Измерение существенно нестационарных тепловых потоков градиентным датчиком на основе висмута
Authors: Добров Ю.В. , Лашков В.А. , Машек И.Ч. , Митяков А.В. , Митяков В.Ю. , Сапожников С.З. , Хоронжук Р.С.
Published: October 2020

In this work we performed calibration of the gradient heat flux sensor made of bismuth single crystal. The value of the volt-watt sensitivity of the sensor is found and a data processing method based on the one-dimensional heat equation for a thin plate is presented. An experimental study of the heat flux on the frontal surface of the cylinder after a laser discharge was carried out. The data obtained as a result of the experiment were processed by the proposed method.
Влияние начальных условий на скорость фронта ламинарного пламени в газовых смесях
Authors: Володин В.В. , Голуб В.В. , Ельянов А.Е.
Published: October 2020

The scatter in laminar flame front speed caused by both an error in the composition of the combustible mixture and initial disturbances is reported. It's shown how the configuration of the initially planar front in laminar flame initial disturbances in a gas mixture of the same composition affects the scatter of speeds of expanding spherical flames. The experimental results previously obtained by the authors, demonstrating the scatter in the speed of the laminar flame front in an initially quiescent gas mixture of constant composition under the same conditions, are explained by integrating the Sivashinsky equation with various initial disturbances. The influence of combustible mixture composition errors on the parameters determining the speed of the flame front is analyzed. These parameters were recalculated for a possible scatter in the mixture composition, obtained based on data on the accuracy of the equipment used in previously published experiments.
Динамика пространственной структуры микросекундного импульсного барьерного разряда в воздухе атмосферного давления в геометрии острие-плоскость при различных полярностях питающего напряжения
Authors: Тренькин А.А. , Алмазова К.И. , Белоногов А.Н. , Боровков В.В. , Горелов Е.В. , Морозов И.В. , Харитонов С.Ю.
Published: October 2020

С использованием скоростного и теневого фотографирования исследована динамика микросекундного импульсного барьерного разряда в воздухе атмосферного давления в геометрии острие-плоскость с микрометровым разрешением и наносекундной экспозицией. Показано, что разряд реализуется серийно с последовательной эволюцией его структуры как в рамках одной серии, так и от серии к серии. Установлено, что при обеих полярностях импульса питающего напряжения разряд развивается от острийного электрода в виде совокупности большого числа каналов микронного диаметра. На поздних стадиях разряд представляет собой несколько ярко светящихся микроструктурированных каналов, замыкающих промежуток острие-барьер с отклонением от оси острия, и множество менее ярких каналов, радиально расходящихся вдоль поверхности барьера. Получены количественные параметры структуры. Ключевые слова: барьерный разряд, теневой метод, микроканальная структура разряда.
Особенности механического поведения силовых приводов кольцевой формы, действующих в режиме обратимой памяти формы
Authors: Белоусов Н.Н. , Хлопков Е.А. , Янченко М.В. , Вьюненко Ю.Н.
Published: October 2020

The possibility of increasing the deformation-power properties of TiNi ring-shaped drives operating in the two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) has been studied. For this purpose, thermal cycling of an oval sample was used with the transfer of material from the low-temperature martensite phase to the high-temperature austenitic phase in the free state and cooling through the transformation temperature range under load. The possibility of force generation in ring-shaped structures, the shape change of which is caused by the TWSME process, both during heating and during cooling, is shown. Data on the asymmetry of these properties with respect to the direction of temperature change are presented. The significant influence of the cooling rate on the deformation-power properties of the ring-shaped drives is shown.
Автоволновое описание пластичности материалов с нестабильной фазовой структурой на макромасштабном уровне
Authors: Данилов В.И. , Зуев Л.Б. , Горбатенко В.В. , Данилова Л.В. , Орлова Д.В.
Published: October 2020

The regularities of plastic flow in materials with deformation-induced phase transformations on the example of titanium nickelide and TRIP steel are studied. For experimental analysis of plastic deformation processes, the method of digital image correlation has been used, which allows us to quantitatively describe the behavior of plasticity fronts associated with the course of phase transformations in the materials under study. The mechanisms of formation of Lüders bands and Portevin-Le Chatelier bands at different stages of plastic flow are considered.
Псевдощель, нанокристаллы и электропроводность легированного силикатного стекла
Authors: Абдурахманов Г. , Шиманский В.И. , Оксенгендлер Б.Л. , Умирзаков Б.Е. , Уроков А.Н.
Published: October 2020

Представление о псевдощели и нанокристаллах использовано для объяснения механизма электропроводности силикатного стекла, легированного оксидами переходных металлов (толстопленочные резисторы). Псевдощель возникает между потолком валентной зоны стекла и примесной зоной, созданной диффузией атомов лигатуры в стекло при спекании. Нанокристаллы образуются в стекле в процессе его варки, претерпевают структурные превращения при высоких температурах и действуют как центры локализации носителей заряда. Достигнуто качественное соответствие модели с экспериментальной температурной зависимостью проводимости легированного стекла в интервале от гелиевых температур до 1100 K. Ключевые слова: силикатное стекло, толстопленочные резисторы, легирование, туннелирование, нанокристаллы, псевдощель.
Измерение тепловых характеристик фотоэлектрических концентраторных модулей
Authors: Андреева А.В. , Давидюк Н.Ю. , Малевский Д.А. , Покровский П.В. , Садчиков Н.А. , Чекалин А.В.
Published: October 2020

Предложена методика для исследования тепловых свойств фотоэлектрических концентраторных модулей в помещении в затемненных условиях, сочетающая в себе процедуру нагрева модуля за счет пропускания постоянного тока и последующего быстрого измерения вольт-амперных характеристик, в течение которого температура фотоэлементов не успевает значительно измениться за счет теплоемкости материала. Были проведены сравнения характеристик шести типов концентраторных модулей, отличающихся конструкцией, размерами и материалами теплоотводов. Для концентраторных модулей больших размеров исследовано влияние пространственного расположения модулей на эффективность теплосброса. Ключевые слова: концентраторные фотоэлектрические модули, тепловое сопротивление, p-n-переход, солнечные фотоэлементы, теплоотвод.
Топография поверхности и пропускание света кварцевыми окнами после экспозиции в высокочастотном разряде в дейтерии и смеси дейтерия с азотом
Authors: Городецкий А.Е. , Маркин А.В. , Буховец В.Л. , Золотаревский В.И. , Залавутдинов Р.Х. , Бабинов Н.А. , Дмитриев А.М. , Раздобарин А.Г. , Мухин Е.Е.
Published: October 2020

The effect of a cleaning discharge plasma on the KU-1 optical quartz surface topography and transmission in visible and near IR ranges (400-1000 nm) was studied. For the study, we used crossed DC and RF discharges in D2 and D2/N2 mixture, where the N2 fraction was ~25 mol %. The addition of nitrogen increased sputtering rate from 250 to 1200 nm / h while maintaining stoichiometry of the surface layers. The rms surface roughness decreased after the plasma exposure from 1.3 to 0.6 nm, while the quartz transmittance has not changed. The surface roughness analysis and calculation of diffusion scattered light at 400 nm transmitted through the quartz were performed using the power spectral density function of AFM.
Гигантский магниторезистивный эффект в отражении микроволн от сверхрешеток (CoFe)/Cu
Authors: Ринкевич А.Б. , Кузнецов Е.А. , Перов Д.В. , Миляев М.А.
Published: October 2020

Experimental study of microwave giant magnetoresistive effect in wave reflection has been carried out in frequency range from 26 to 38 GHz. The magnitude of the effect is obtained and its magnetic field dependence is defined. The experiments are carried out with (CoFe)/Cu superlattices, which have giant magnetoresistance. Calculations of the magnetic field dependence of microwave reflection coefficient are fulfilled. The measured values of reflection coefficient variations are found to be greater than the calculated ones. This difference is connected with approximation within which the superlattice is replaced by the uniform metallic plate in calculations. A frequency dependence of microwave giant magnetoresistive effect in reflection is also observed. This dependence is explained by the influence of the waveguide impedance where the sample is placed in measurements.
Чувствительность отражательных терагерцовых сенсоров водных растворов
Authors: Сотский А.Б. , Назаров М.М. , Михеев С.С. , Сотская Л.И.
Published: October 2020

Sensitivity of sensors of the composition of aqueous solutions in which it is detected the terahertz pulse reflected from the dielectric film – solution structure is investigated. It is shown that the maximum of the sensitivity is achieved by choosing the angles of incidence and radiation frequencies, providing zero reflection of monochromatic radiation from the named dissipative structure. Conditions for the realization of such reflection for waves of s- and p-polarization are established. Calculations are confirmed experimentally for the sensor of glucose concentration in water, which uses a thin silicon wafer, separating solution from air. It is shown that with the use of the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy method the sensor of the proposed structure allows reliable to detect and distinguich glucose impurities of concentration 10 and 30 g / l.
Анализ поглощающих периодических структур, образованных цилиндрическими электромагнитными черными дырами
Authors: Чижевская Я.И. , Смольникова О.Н. , Скобелев С.П.
Published: October 2020

A 2D problem of electromagnetic plane wave scattering by 1D-periodic structures composed of cylindrical black holes arranged on a semi-infinite substrate is considered. Two algorithms corresponding to the cases of E- and H-polarization and based on the hybrid projection method accounting for the refractive index profiles in the black holes of a few types are developed. The algorithms are generalized also on the case of arrangement of the black holes on a PEC screen. A number of numerical results characterizing both the effectiveness of the algorithms themselves and performance of the absorbing structures with black holes are presented. Absorbing characteristics of the indicated structures are compared to the similar characteristic obtained for the structures of wedge elements.
Особенности формирования разряда в ускорителе плазмы и структура струи, истекающей в вакуум
Authors: Горяинов В.Ю. , Викторов М.Е. , Водопьянов А.В. , Воронин А.В.
Published: October 2020

Results of investigation of jet structure created by coaxial plasma accelerator with conical insert in discharge formation region are presented. An irregular structure of the glowing argon and deuterium jet fraction was detected using a fast electron-optical camera. An irregular structure of the glowing argon and deuterium jet fractions was detected using a fast camera. Oscillations of jet radiation intensity with characteristic frequency 0.3-0.9 MHz were detected. The jet of argon plasma consisted of fragments diverging from the axis of motion, the plasma recombined 20 µs after the start of current. The deuterium plasma jet was like flakes. The intensity of its radiation significantly decreased by 8 µs. The characteristic frequencies of irregularities of radiation on jet axis for argon were ~ 0.09 cm-1, for deuterium ~ 0.3 cm-1. Studies of discharge behavior in plasma accelerator demonstrate that diffuse discharge was initiated at the bottom of conical insert. After 0.5 µs discharge exited to the outer edge of insert, counteracted and burned between central and outer electrodes. Discharge exit from accelerator was observed after 3 µs and was accompanied by glowing of end of central electrode. In the course of measuring the temperature of side surface of the external electrode using infrared camera, the localization of heating was detected near the edge of conical insert and at accelerator outlet. The research results can be used for gas ionization, in the irradiation of materials, as well as for laboratory simulation of the interaction of plasma flows with a magnetic field in space.
Совмещение конфигураций Отто и Кретчмана для возбуждения различных мод поверхностных плазмон-поляритонов
Authors: Томилин С.В. , Каравайников А.В. , Томилина О.А. , Бержанский В.Н.
Published: October 2020

In paper the results of modeling, synthesis and research of a double-resonant plasmonic structure for excitation the various mode of surface plasmon-polaritons (SPP) are presents. It's demonstrated the possibility for excitation of SPP resonances by combining the Kretschmann and Otto configurations on one asymmetric multilayer structure. The parameters of such structure were optimized for obtaining the most effective SPP excitation. It's considered the possibilities for using the proposed double-resonance plasmonic structure as an individual SPP-sensor and as a sensitive element of a plasmonic biosensor.
Профильный анализ пленок ферритов-гранатов методом оптической эмиссионной спектроскопии тлеющего разряда
Authors: Федоренко А.А. , Бержанский В.Н. , Каравайников А.В. , Шапошников А.Н. , Прокопов А.Р.
Published: October 2020

Annotation.The paper presents the results of experiments on the application of the method of optical emission spectroscopy of a glow discharge for the profile analysis of vacuum-deposited single and two-layer films of multicomponent garnet ferrites of various compositions before and after crystallization annealing. The presence of internal and external transition layers was revealed, and the modification of their elemental composition during crystallization, as well as the different sequence of synthesis of individual components in ferrite-garnet heterostructures, was investigated.
Формирование фотоакустического отклика в двуслойной структуре полимер/гель
Authors: Андрусенко Д.А. , Алексеев А.Н. , Кузмич А.Г. , Лазаренко М.М. , Василюк С.В. , Бурбело Р.М.
Published: October 2020

Проведены экспериментальные исследования процессов формирования фотоакустического отклика от слоистой структуры полиэтилен/гидрогель при ее облучении периодически модулированным светом. Тепловые источники расположены в геле, вблизи границы раздела с полиэтиленом. Отклик в форме колебаний давления газа в фотоакустической ячейке возникает вследствие термоупругой деформации слоя полиэтилена при его неоднородном по толщине нагреве температурной волной. Полученные результаты могут быть полезными для модификации методов, основанных на процессах диффузии в гелях. Ключевые слова: фотоакустический эффект, температурная волна, "drum effect", модулированный свет, агароза, газомикрофонный метод, термоупругие деформации, диффузия, гидрогель.
Исследование радиационной эрозии в газоразрядном детекторе с помощью атомно-силовой микроскопии
Authors: Бузоверя М.Э. , Гаврилов Г.Е. , Маев О.Е.
Published: October 2020

Using Atomic Force Microscopy Methods, we studied the samples of the cathodes of multiwire proportional chambers after long-term irradiation with a beta-source 90Sr at the longevity test. The changes in the morphology of the copper foil surface at the cathode of the detector as a result of the influence of the electron flow are described. It is presented a quantitative assessment and analysis of the evolution of the resulting radiation defects depending on the irradiation conditions. It is shown the similarity of the radiation defects in the laboratory prototypes and in full scale proportional chambers that have been operated at the LHC for almost 10 years.
The Twitter Social Mobility Index: Measuring Social Distancing Practices With Geolocated Tweets
Authors: Xu Paiheng , Dredze Mark , Broniatowski David A
Published: October 2020

Background

Social distancing is an important component of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Minimizing social interactions and travel reduces the rate at which the infection spreads and “flattens the curve” so that the medical system is better equipped to treat infected individuals. However, it remains unclear how the public will respond to these policies as the pandemic continues.

Objective

The aim of this study is to present the Twitter Social Mobility Index, a measure of social distancing and travel derived from Twitter data. We used public geolocated Twitter data to measure how much users travel in a given week.

Methods

We collected 469,669,925 tweets geotagged in the United States from January 1, 2019, to April 27, 2020. We analyzed the aggregated mobility variance of a total of 3,768,959 Twitter users at the city and state level from the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

We found a large reduction (61.83%) in travel in the United States after the implementation of social distancing policies. However, the variance by state was high, ranging from 38.54% to 76.80%. The eight states that had not issued statewide social distancing orders as of the start of April ranked poorly in terms of travel reduction: Arkansas (45), Iowa (37), Nebraska (35), North Dakota (22), South Carolina (38), South Dakota (46), Oklahoma (50), Utah (14), and Wyoming (53). We are presenting our findings on the internet and will continue to update our analysis during the pandemic.

Conclusions

We observed larger travel reductions in states that were early adopters of social distancing policies and smaller changes in states without such policies. The results were also consistent with those based on other mobility data to a certain extent. Therefore, geolocated tweets are an effective way to track social distancing practices using a public resource, and this tracking may be useful as part of ongoing pandemic response planning.
The Associations of Electronic Health Record Usability and User Age With Stress and Cognitive Failures Among Finnish Registered Nurses: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kaihlanen Anu-Marja , Gluschkoff Kia , Hyppönen Hannele , Kaipio Johanna , Puttonen Sampsa , Vehko Tuulikki , Saranto Kaija , Karhe Liisa , Heponiemi Tarja
Published: October 2020

Background

Electronic health records (EHRs) are expected to provide many clinical and organizational benefits. Simultaneously, the end users may face unintended consequences, such as stress and increased cognitive workload, due to poor EHR usability. However, whether the effects of usability depend on end user characteristics, such as career stage or age, remains poorly understood.

Objective

The objective of this study was to examine the associations of EHR usability and user age with stress related to information systems and cognitive failures among registered nurses.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey design was employed in Finland in 2017. A total of 3383 registered nurses responded to the nationwide electronic survey. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the associations of EHR usability (eg, how easily information can be found and a patient’s care can be documented) and user age with stress related to information systems and cognitive failures. Interaction effects of EHR usability and age were also tested. Models were adjusted for gender and employment sector.

Results

Poor EHR usability was associated with higher levels of stress related to information systems (β=.38; P<.001). The strength of the association did not depend on user age. Poor EHR usability was also associated with higher levels of cognitive failures (β=.28; P<.001). There was a significant interaction effect between age and EHR usability for cognitive failures (β=.04; P<.001). Young nurses who found the EHR difficult to use reported the most cognitive failures.

Conclusions

Information system stress due to poor EHR usability afflicts younger and older nurses alike. However, younger nurses starting their careers may be more cognitively burdened if they find EHR systems difficult to use compared to older nurses. Adequate support in using the EHRs may be particularly important to young registered nurses, who have a lot to learn and adopt in their early years of practice.
Yao.jl: Extensible, Efficient Framework for Quantum Algorithm Design
Authors: Luo Xiu-Zhe , Liu Jin-Guo , Zhang Pan , Wang Lei
Published: October 2020

We introduce Yao, an extensible, efficient open-source framework for quantum algorithm design. Yao features generic and differentiable programming of quantum circuits. It achieves state-of-the-art performance in simulating small to intermediate-sized quantum circuits that are relevant to near-term applications. We introduce the design principles and critical techniques behind Yao. These include the quantum block intermediate representation of quantum circuits, a builtin automatic differentiation engine optimized for reversible computing, and batched quantum registers with GPU acceleration. The extensibility and efficiency of Yao help boost innovation in quantum algorithm design.
Análisis dogmático de los tipos de aborto en el proyecto de código penal argentino
Authors: Ispani Gustavo , Rodríguez Fernández Gustavo , Schianni María Marta
Published: October 2020

En este acápite de la presentación se analizarán las figuras delictivas relativas al aborto en el “Proyecto de reforma integral del Código Penal” elaborado por la Comisión reformadora creada por el Decreto Presidencial 103/2017. En pos de cumplir con ese objetivo, se describirá el delito de aborto, circunstancias agravantes, las diferentes especies de interrupciones del embarazo impunes, el aborto preterintencional, el aborto practicado por la mujer y las lesiones al feto. En cada uno de los casos, intentaremos fijar una posición de acuerdo a nuestro enfoque sobre el tema. Palabras claves: Aborto. Embarazo. Ser. Protección. Impunidad. Preteintecionalidad. Lesiones.
El aborto y la dignidad de la vida humana: análisis crítico de las propuestas despersonalizadoras y despenalizadoras
Authors: Crespo Álvaro E.
Published: October 2020

El presente trabajo indaga sobre la penalización del aborto a partir del bien jurídico protegido, esto es, la vida humana. Analiza distintas posiciones éticas o de filosofía moral que, por un lado, niegan el carácter de persona al ser humano en gestación, y, por el otro, ponen el acento en la dignidad de la mujer, en los daños que produce la penalización y en la ineficacia de ésta. Tras ello señala las consecuencias necesarias (y negativas) de tales posturas: la despersonalización de la vida humana en los primeros meses del embarazo e incluso hasta el nacimiento, y la absolutización de la autonomía de la mujer en detrimento del no nacido. Se propone, frente a ello, un enfoque ético objetivista que asegure el reconocimiento de la dignidad de la vida humana durante la gestación, que evite la despersonalización a la que llevan los sostenedores de una ética subjetivista, y que justifique la penalización como la única manera de proteger eficazmente la vida humana desde la concepción, esto es, de reconocerle la misma dignidad que la de la madre. Tal posición puede basarse en los principios de la razón práctica, lo que permitirá superar la objeción conocida como "falacia naturalista". Palabras clave: aborto, penalización, vida humana, dignidad, autonomía procreativa
La objeción de conciencia médica e institucional en casos de abortos no punibles. Derivaciones del fallo “f.,a.l.” de la corte suprema de justicia de la nación
Authors: Ferrer Carlos Francisco
Published: October 2020

El presente trabajo analiza el estado actual de la cuestión de la objeción de conciencia médica, personal e institucional, a partir de lo resuelto en el precedente F., A.L s/medida autosatisfactiva de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación, de fecha 13 de marzo de 2012, y las interpretaciones disímiles que sobre el tema se han hecho en los protocolos y guías establecidos a partir del mismo, particularmente en el orden nacional y el de la Provincia de Córdoba. Es que si bien el máximo tribunal nacional trató con especificidad uno de los supuestos de aborto no punible (para interrumpir un embarazo producto de un abuso sexual), la reglamentación sanitaria, avanzó sobre el otro supuesto (aborto terapéutico) realizando una intelección que, por su amplitud, se traduce en los hechos, bajo la invocación de un derecho, en la posibilidad de interrupción impune de todo embarazo no deseado. Es por eso que se pretende especialmente esclarecer cuales son los alcances que, desde ambos aspectos deben darle el profesional o la institución a la cuestión emergente (que se exterioriza en la tensión entre la obligación y el derecho), en el entendimiento que involucra derechos fundamentales de los que toda persona goza, tanto sea cuando ejerce de manera individual el arte de curar, como cuando se asocia y crea ámbitos con iguales propósitos, inspirados -en ambos casos- en determinados principios y valores. En suma, se trata de evaluar, hasta qué punto se puede imponer el deber de hacer, promover o facilitar la realización de prácticas que se oponen a las convicciones más profundas del ser humano, y que reconocen contrarias a la razón y motivos de su vocación médica.Palabras clave: Salud, embarazo no deseado, convicciones éticas, persona, muerte.
El aborto en la jurisprudencia internacional, supranacional y de la corte suprema de justicia argentina
Authors: Pérez Lloveras Facundo
Published: October 2020

En el presente artículo se reseñan las principales resoluciones de las cortes, tribunales y comisiones internacionales, y de los tribunales supremos de diversos países que trataron el derecho a la vida de la persona por nacer y el derecho a la libre interrupción del embarazo por parte de la mujer. Palabras claves: Aborto – Jurisprudencia
El derecho a la vida y los proyectos de legalización del aborto en argentina: analisis en clave constitucional (y convencional)
Authors: Beltrán María Fernanda , Mondino Franco , Rivas Federico
Published: October 2020

En el presente artículo, abordaremos lo relativo al derecho a la vida desde la óptica de la dimensión constitucional y convencional, para lo cual, se analizarán previsiones de los instrumentos normativos de máximo nivel, a fin de determinar si los proyectos legislativos que propugnan la legalización del aborto (interrupción voluntaria del embarazo) pueden armonizarse con lo establecido en aquellos dispositivos o si, por el contrario, deben ser rechazados por su incompatibilidad. Palabras claves: Derecho a la vida – Derechos fundamentales - Aborto - Legalización
Repensando f., a.l s/medida autosatisfactiva: algunos aportes para el debate
Authors: Capdevila Consuelo , Funes Guillermo
Published: October 2020

El presente trabajo propone un examen crítico de precedente F., A.L s/medida autosatisfactiva de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación, fallado el 13 de marzo de 2012. En primer lugar, se reproducirán tanto sus argumentos centrales, como aquel ideario que –entendemos- lo anima: el concepto de dignidad como autonomía. Seguidamente se llevará adelante la aludida tarea desde una doble perspectiva. La primera será de corte, principalmente, normológico y lo guiará, por un lado, el propósito de resaltar que la posición sustentada por el Máximo Tribunal merced a las normas que invoca, lejos se encuentra de conducir a una única respuesta correcta, y por otro, subrayar algunas consecuencias que esa tesitura implica necesariamente para la tutela judicial efectiva de las personas por nacer. En la segunda, se pondrá de relieve el profundo debate de naturaleza semántico antropológico que la discusión supone y que rara vez se explicita: la distinción entre cosas y personas. Palabras clave: Dignidad y autonomía, respuesta correcta, tutela judicial efectiva, cosas y personas.