bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
School reintegration of children and adolescents with chronic illness from the mothers' perspective: A qualitative study
Authors: Leite Ana Carolina Andrade Biaggi , Rodrigues Ana Laura , Alvarenga Willyane de Andrade , Polita Naiara Barros , Silva‐Rodrigues Fernanda Machado , Bolis Letícia Onelli , Meherali Salima , Nascimento Lucila Castanheira
Published: July 2022

Introduction

The diagnosis of chronic illness in childhood implies frequent hospitalizations and, consequently, the interruption of school attendance. This study aimed to understand the process of school reintegration of children and adolescents with chronic illness from the mothers' perspective.

Method

A qualitative descriptive‐exploratory study was conducted with mothers who experienced the process of school reintegration of their child or adolescent, aged between 8 and 17 years old, and diagnosed with chronic illness. The participants were recruited by convenience and interviewed at the paediatric unit of a children's hospital. Data collection was interrupted when the data set was sufficient to answer the research question. The interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. The study was approved by the research ethics committee.

Results

Eleven interviews were conducted, 10 with mothers and one with a grandmother, who played the maternal role. Participants' age ranged between 33 and 58 years old. A theme was developed—“School reintegration under the maternal vigilance”—which encompasses four subthemes: (1) What matters? My child's health comes first; (2) How to keep in touch with the school? (3) Back to the school: Are we ready? (4) Sharing vigilance: reality and expectations. The themes highlighted a cyclical, dynamic, and subjective school reintegration process, constantly permeated by maternal vigilance.

Conclusion

A new understanding about school reintegration was evidenced, from the perspective of mothers of children and adolescents with different chronic illnesses. Mothers and children experience a nonlinear and recurrent process of leaving and returning to school, surrounded by a lack of communication and continuity in school activities. The results of this study may assist health professionals in planning care focused on the needs of the school reintegration of this population.
A framework for evaluating the implications of assumptions in broad conservation strategies
Authors: Specht Hannah , Golding Jessie D. , Pero Ellen M. , Crane Madison T. , Ortiz‐Calo Waldemar , McDevitt Molly C. , Karlen Jonathan G. , Branch J. Vaughan , Hansen Christopher P. , Millspaugh Joshua J.
Published: July 2022

Assumptions about how conservation practices will affect ecological outcomes are critical for informing and learning from conservation actions. However, when assumptions do not reflect conditions to which they are applied, they can impede achievement of targeted outcomes and hinder capacity to contribute to conservation goals. We assert that identifying and examining technical assumptions, or those that relate to abiotic or biotic systems, in conservation practice retrospectively for broad conservation strategies is crucial for advancing learning in conservation. Unlike existing proactive assumption frameworks, retroactive examination, which is often realistic for broad scale conservation, allows for honest evaluation of the contributions of those strategies toward shared goals. We propose the state, identify, focus, and think (SIFT) framework, a four‐step process, to guide examination of technical assumptions by defining how assumptions interact with biological circumstances to shape outcomes. We demonstrate use of the SIFT framework with a common technical assumption in US federal private lands conservation programs—that all acres are similarly valuable for achieving wildlife conservation benefits. With the SIFT framework, we show that the benefits of these programs are likely to be applicable to mobile, generalist species with small space requirements, while many species of conservation concern are less likely to benefit.
Long‐term funding of community projects has contributed to mitigation of illegal activities within a premier African protected area, Bwindi impenetrable National Park, Uganda
Authors: Bitariho Robert , Akampurira Emmanuel , Mugerwa Badru
Published: July 2022

At Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (hereafter Bwindi), illegal activities often provide major challenges to park management. In 1994, an Integrated Conservation and Development Program (ICDP) was introduced in Bwindi as a novel park management approach that included among others, funding of community projects in park adjacent communities. This study assessed key drivers of illegal activities and the impact of long‐term funding of community projects on illegal activities reduction in Bwindi. We used a 21‐year‐old illegal activities dataset, environmental drivers' dataset; a 21‐year‐old dataset of funded community projects and interviews data of 2734 households located around Bwindi for the study. A total of 3383 illegal activities and 338 funded community projects were recorded. Key drivers of illegal activities in Bwindi were accessibility and the number of funded community projects. Parishes with the highest number of community projects experienced fewer illegal activities. The number of illegal activities was negatively correlated with the number of funded community projects. Water and sanitation and household income‐generating projects were the most funded. In conclusion, long‐term funding of community projects contributed to reduction in illegal activities. A targeted approach of increasing community projects in those parishes that showed high incidences of illegal activities is recommended.
Efficacy and safety of DBPR108 (prusogliptin) as an add‐on to metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: A 24‐week, multi‐centre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, superiority, phase III clinical trial
Authors: Xu Jianping , Ling Hongwei , Geng Jianlin ,   Investigators, Huang Yanli , Xie Ying , Zheng Huiping , Niu Huikun , Zhang Tianhao , Yuan Jing , Xiao Xinhua
Published: July 2022

Aim

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of DBPR108 (prusogliptin), a novel dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitor, as an add‐on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) that is inadequately controlled with metformin.

Materials and Methods

In this 24‐week, multi‐centre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, superiority, phase III study, adult T2D patients with HbA1c levels ranging from 7.0% to 9.5% on stable metformin were enrolled and randomized (2:1) into the DBPR108 + metformin and placebo + metformin groups. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in HbA1c at week 24 of DBPR108 versus placebo as an add‐on therapy to metformin.

Results

At week 24, the least‐square mean (standard error) change from baseline in HbA1c was significantly greater in the DBPR108 group (−0.70% [0.09%]) than in the placebo group (−0.07% [0.11%]) (P < .001), with a treatment difference of −0.63% (95% confidence interval: −0.87%, −0.39%) on the full analysis set. A higher proportion of patients achieved an HbA1c of 6.5% or less (19.7% vs. 8.5%) and an HbA1c of 7.0% or less (50.0% vs. 21.1%) at week 24 in the DBPR108 + metformin group. Furthermore, add‐on DBPR108 produced greater reductions from baseline in fasting plasma glucose and 2‐hour postprandial plasma glucose without causing weight gain. The overall frequency of adverse events was similar between the two groups.

Conclusions

DBPR108 as add‐on therapy to metformin offered a significant improvement in glycaemic control, was superior to metformin monotherapy (placebo) and was safe and well‐tolerated in patients with T2D that is inadequately controlled with metformin.
Latinx sexual minority youth's identity development and experiences with preparation for bias
Authors: Kim Sei Eun , Toomey Russell B. , Anhalt Karla
Published: July 2022

Objective

This study examined how preparation for ethnic and sexual orientation bias uniquely and collectively contributes to ethnic identity and sexual orientation identity development among Latinx sexual minority youth (SMY).

Background

Theories indicate that parental socialization strategies are associated with youth's development, yet no studies have examined how multiple forms of socialization are uniquely and collectively associated with youth's identity development.

Method

Hypotheses were tested using self‐reported data from 385 Latinx SMY (M = 20.26, SD = 2.6).

Results

Preparation for ethnic bias was negatively associated with ethnic identity affirmation but positively associated with ethnic identity exploration and resolution. Preparation for sexual orientation bias was negatively associated with ethnic identity exploration, resolution, and affirmation, as well as sexual orientation identity resolution and affirmation, but not exploration. Several interactions emerged between preparation for ethnic bias and sexual orientation bias predicting ethnic and sexual orientation identity.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that preparation for bias related to ethnicity and sexual orientation are interconnected, rather than independently shaping ethnic and sexual orientation identities development among SMY.

Implications

Additional studies are needed to understand the impacts of family socialization related to ethnicity and sexuality to optimize identity development among Latinx SMY.
Designing a novel teaching platform for AI: A case study in a Thai school context
Authors: Aung Zaw Htet , Sanium Soonthareeya , Songsaksuppachok Chuenchat , Kusakunniran Worapan , Precharattana Monamorn , Chuechote Suparat , Pongsanon Khemmawadee , Ritthipravat Panrasee
Published: July 2022

Background

Artificial intelligence (AI) has gained increasing popularity in human society, and it is important to educate people about this emerging technology. Many countries have adopted school curricula to incorporate AI into their classrooms. However, developing tools for discovering AI concepts remains challenging. There are few studies on AI education tools, particularly in Thailand.

Objectives

This study designs AIThaiGen, a web‐based learning platform for junior high school students that introduces AI concepts. It can communicate with remote hardware stations, allowing students to test their AI models in real‐world scenarios.

Methods

A total of 106 students in 7th and 8th grade in Thailand participated, and a single‐group pre‐test‐post‐test research design was employed in this study. Pre‐post‐tests on the basic concepts of AI and the students' attitude questionnaire on AIThaiGen were used to collect and analyse data.

Results and Conclusions

The results show that there is a significant improvement (p < 0.001) in the pre‐post‐tests on the basic concepts of AI, and the overall result of the students' attitude questionnaire on AIThaiGen is , indicating positive outlooks. Furthermore, notable student projects are showcased, highlighting their ability to initiate new ideas for solving real problems after studying with AIThaiGen.
Nighttime mean arterial pressure is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy in white‐coat hypertension
Authors: Yang Xiangyu , Yuan Yuan , Gou Qiling , Ye Runyu , Li Xinran , Li Jiangbo , Ma Jun , Li Yanan , Chen Xiaoping
Published: July 2022

White‐coat hypertension (WCH) is associated with increased cardiovascular risks. To investigate the relationship between WCH and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), the authors recruited 706 participants who underwent anthropometric measurements, blood laboratory analysis, 24h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), and echocardiography. The authors defined WCH as elevated office BP but normal ABPM over 24h, daytime, and nighttime periods. The authors compared the proportion of LVH between the true normotension (NT) and the WCH population, and further assessed the associations between BP indexes and LVH in the two groups, respectively. The proportion of LVH was significantly higher in the WCH group than in NT participants (19.70% vs. 13.12%, P = .036). In the NT group, 24h SBP, 24h PP, daytime SBP, daytime PP and SD of nighttime SBP were associated with LVH after adjustment for demographic and blood biochemical data (all P < .05). In the WCH population, LVH was associated with 24h SBP, nighttime SBP, nighttime MAP, and office SBP after adjustment (all P < .05). However, on forward logistic regression analysis with all the BP indexes listed above, only 24h SBP (OR = 1.057, 1.017–1.098, P < .001) in the NT group, and nighttime MAP (OR = 1.114, 1.005–1.235, P < .05) and office SBP (OR = 1.067, 1.019–1.117, P < .001) in the WCH group were still significantly associated with LVH. Our study suggests that the proportion of LVH is higher in WCH patients than in the NT population. Furthermore, elevated nighttime MAP and office SBP may play critical roles in the development of LVH in the WCH population.
Tropical parasitic itch in returned travellers and immigrants from endemic areas
Authors: Ju T. , Vander Does A. , Ingrasci G. , Norton S.A. , Yosipovitch G.
Published: July 2022

Itch is the most common skin symptom among tropical parasitic diseases (TPD), but there are limited data about its characteristics in these conditions. In dermatology practices and travellers' health clinics in the developed world, itch is a common complaint among travellers returning from endemic areas, as well among migrants arriving from endemic areas, where they may have been exposed to TPD. Studying aspects of pruritus among TPD may lead to improvements in prompt, accurate diagnosis and management of these conditions. This review examines the major itch‐inducing TPDs, including schistosomiasis, echinococcosis, onchocerciasis, scabies, cutaneous larva migrans, larva currens, African trypanosomiasis, dracunculiasis and other causes of travel associated pruritus. We focus on the link between pruritus and other symptoms, aetiology, clinical staging and therapeutic options for these parasitic illnesses. Because some tropical parasitic diseases can present with significant pruritus, we attempt to identify aspects of the pruritus that are characteristic of—or unique to—specific conditions. These diagnostic insights may help clinicians create a rational and focused differential diagnosis and help determine optimal disease management pathways. In this sense, management involves treating the individual, seeking epidemiologically linked cases, preventing recurrences or relapses, and reducing spread of the disease.
Potential for seasonal flood forecasting in West Africa using climate indexes
Authors: Hounkpè Jean , Merz Bruno , Badou Félicien D. , Bossa Aymar Y. , Yira Yacouba , Lawin Emmanuel A.
Published: July 2022

Floods are among the most devastating natural disasters and are expected to become more severe with changing climate and population growth. Flood forecasting is one of the key components of flood risk reduction. The potential for seasonal flood forecasting through climate indexes has not been studied for West Africa so far. This work investigates how climate indicators can be used to predict in advance, one to several months ahead of the flood season, above or below normal flood discharge in West Africa. Six global and regional climate indexes were screened for their potential to predict flood discharge of 56 river gauging stations across West Africa. Forecasting models are developed, based on simple and multiple linear regressions between climate indexes and annual maximum discharge, and evaluated using the relative operating characteristics and the relative operating levels scores. The western dipole mode index is the most skillful individual climate index for above normal flood prediction. Combining climate indexes via multiple linear regressions outperforms individual climate indexes for both above and below normal flood prediction. The models show forecasting skills for up to 4 months prior to the flood season. Hence, this study opens promising possibilities for seasonal flood forecasting in West Africa. This may help alert disaster reduction agencies of entering a period of an increased chance of flooding and may trigger adequate mitigation measures.
Detection of quinocetone in animal feed by quantum dots‐based indirect competitive fluorescent immunosorbent assay
Authors: Zhou Jingming , Xu Jinjin , Chen Yumei , Liang Chao , Liu Hongliang , Liu Yankai , Zhu Xifang , Wang Aiping
Published: July 2022

A sensitive monoclonal antibody against quinocetone (QCT) was produced. Subsequently, the quantum dots‐based indirect competitive fluorescent immunosorbent assay (ic‐FLISA) for the rapid detection of QCT in animal feed was developed. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 4.39 ng/ml, the limit of detection was 0.252 ng/ml, and the detection ranged from 0.515 to 37.150 ng/ml. The recoveries of the spiked QCT in the animal feed ranged from 96.48 to 102.52% and the coefficient of variation ranged from 2.20 to 6.59%. The established ic‐FLISA has high sensitivity which can provide an ideal tool to detect QCT in animal feed.
How a Medicare payment model is affecting care for older adults with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias
Authors: Hung Anna , Hall Rasheeda
Published: July 2022

This Editorial comments on the article by Kim et al. in this issue.
Evaluation of efficacy of follicular unit extraction versus follicular unit extraction with platelet rich plasma in treatment of cicatricial alopecia
Authors: Elariny Ali Fouad , Ghozlan Nasser , Wasief Sherif , Moussa Aya Elsayed , Eldeeb Marwa Elsaeed
Published: July 2022

Background

Follicular unit extraction (FUE) is a minimally invasive surgery that is becoming popular in hair restoration in cicatricial alopecia (CA).

Aim

Evaluation of FUE with or without platelet rich plasma (PRP) in scarring alopecia.

Patients and methods

Twenty patients with CA were randomized into two groups. Group A (10 patients) underwent FUE, group B (10 patients) underwent FUE + PRP. PRP was injected 1 week before surgery, then monthly after surgery for 3 months. Follow up was done after 3, 6 and 12 months by calculating the density of surviving follicular units and the survival rate.

Results

In group A, there was statistically significant increase in mean survival rate which was 30.30%. At 3 months, 67.26% at 6 months and 78.15% at 12 months. In group B, there was a significant increase in mean survival rate being 30.14% at 3 months, 58.75% at 6 months and 69.74% at 12 months. There was no significant difference between both groups at anytime during follow up period.

Conclusion

Follicular unit extraction is a preferred procedure for hair restoration in CA with few side effects. The role of PRP in HT is controversial. In the present study, PRP does not significantly affect the survival rate of hair grafts.
The longitudinal associations between personality traits and psychological intimate partner violence
Authors: Kanemasa Yuji , Asano Ryosuke , Komura Kentaro , Miyagawa Yuki
Published: July 2022

Objective and background

This study examined the longitudinal adverse influences of attachment anxiety and the dark triad on psychological intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and victimization through daily negative emotions.

Method

We conducted a 1‐year paired longitudinal study that followed married couples across three waves of assessment. The participants were 471 married couples in Japan. They completed measures of the dark triad and attachment anxiety (Wave 1), daily negative emotions (Wave 2: 1 month after Wave 1), and psychological IPV victimization (Wave 3: 1 year after Wave 1).

Results

The actor–partner interdependence model showed that attachment anxiety and the dark triad were positively associated with psychological IPV perpetration 1 year later through different processes. Whereas attachment anxiety was related to psychological IPV perpetration through daily negative emotions for both men and women, the dark triad was directly related to psychological IPV perpetration across sex groups. In addition, attachment anxiety was positively related to psychological IPV victimization through daily negative emotions for men and women, but the dark triad was not.

Conclusion and implication

Attachment anxiety and the dark triad were associated differently with psychological IPV perpetration 1 year later, whereas these processes are equivalent for men and women. Our results imply that for individuals with high attachment anxiety, interventions to regulate daily negative emotions such as depression and distress may buffer against both IPV victimization and perpetration.
The Study of Religion on the Other Side of the Good Religion/Bad Religion Binary
Authors: Orsi Robert A.
Published: July 2022

One of the most resolute dichotomies in the modern and contemporary study of religion is that between good/bad religions. The bases for making such judgments are fluid, but the outcome is generally recognizable; “good” religions and good religious practitioners adhere to the expectations and norms of the bourgeois modern. The reasons for the endurance of the good/bad religion dichotomy are historical, rooted in the rise of the study of religion as an academic discipline, globally and in the United States; economic, reflecting recent trends in giving to higher education; and ideological. But in Meir Kahane, Shaul Magid upends the good/bad distinction, using a “bad” religious actor, in this case, a virulent anti‐Black racist, demagogue, and violent street fighter as a lens through which to explore recent Jewish history in the US and Israel. Magid's steadfast refusal to render Kahane safely other to this broader religious story is a powerful challenge to scholars of religion.
Defining the role of pre‐operative hormonal therapy in hypospadias
Authors: Taghavi Kiarash , O'Hagan Lomani A , Hewitt Jacqueline K , Mouriquand Pierre DE
Published: July 2022

In hypospadias surgery, pre‐operative hormonal therapy (PHT) is primarily used to increase penile dimensions and the vascularity of tissues available for reconstruction, but its use is non‐uniform in clinical practice, with no consensus on application or utility. This review aims to summarise: (i) the penile tissue response to hormone therapy, (ii) its impact on hypospadias surgery outcomes, and (iii) the endocrinological considerations and sequelae. PHT is more often indicated for complex cases such as proximal hypospadias, hypospadias with microphallus and hypospadias reoperations. While PHT has clear effects on penile morphometry, and more recent controlled trials suggest improved surgical outcomes, the lack of consistent outcome definitions and generally inadequate follow‐up periods continue to consign many of the potential long‐term effects of PHT to the unknown. There is currently insufficient robust evidence to allow a clinical guideline to be constructed. The need for a well‐powered multi‐centre prospective randomised trial to address this question is evident but awaits a unified consensus on issues surrounding the understanding of aetiology, classification of hypospadias morphology, definition of important prognostic variables and uniform application of outcome measures. The effects of PHT may be utilised to improve outcomes in cases of proximal and severe hypospadias, which under the current paradigm represent a significant surgical challenge.
Reversibility of acute‐on‐chronic liver failure syndrome in hepatitis B virus‐infected patients with and without prior decompensation
Authors: Wang Hongmin , Tong Jingjing , Xu Xiang , Chen Jing , Mu Xiuying , Zhai Xingran , Liu Zifeng , Chen Jing , Liu Xiaoyan , Su Haibin , Hu Jinghua
Published: July 2022

Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe clinical syndrome associated with high short‐term mortality and reversibility. This study aimed to compare the characteristics of survival and reversibility in hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related ACLF (HBV‐ACLF) patients with and without previous decompensation. Overall, 1044 patients who fulfilled the acute hepatic insult criteria of the APASL‐ACLF Research Consortium (AARC) definition were enrolled from a prospectively established cohort of HBV‐related liver failure patients. These patients were divided into the AARC ACLF group and the non‐AARC ACLF group according to prior decompensation. Mortality, reversibility of ACLF syndrome, and predicted factors associated with reversibility were evaluated. Liver transplantation‐free mortality of the AARC ACLF group was significantly lower than that of the non‐AARC ACLF group (28 days: 28.2% vs. 40.3%, p = .012; 90 days: 41.7% vs. 65.4%, p < .001). The 5‐year cumulative reversal rates of ACLF syndrome were 88.0% (374/425) and 66.0% (31/47) in the AARC and non‐AARC ACLF groups, respectively, (p = .039). Following reversibility of ACLF syndrome, 340/374 (90.9%) and 21/31 (67.7%) patients in the AARC and non‐AARC ACLF groups, respectively, maintained a stable status within 5 years. Although prior decompensation indicated poor reversibility of ACLF syndrome, HBV‐infected patients with prior decompensation who fulfilled the acute hepatic insult criteria of the AARC definition showed favourable reversibility and maintained a stable status after receiving nucleoside analogues. The AARC ACLF definition identified HBV‐ACLF as a distinct syndrome with good reversibility. HBV‐infected patients with prior decompensation could be included in the AARC ACLF management.
The introduced strain Mesorhizobium ciceri USDA 3378 is more competitive than an indigenous strain in nodulation of chickpea in newly introduced areas of China
Authors: Zhang J. , Li S. , Wang N. , Chen W. , Feng X. , Jia B. , Zhao Y. , Yang T. , Zong X.
Published: July 2022

The present study aimed to compare the competitive advantage of two chickpea nodulating rhizobia strains (an indigenous strain Mesorhizobium muleiense CCBAU 83963T and an introduced strain Mesorhizobium ciceri USDA 3378) in different soils originated from new chickpea cultivation areas of China. The results showed that USDA 3378 had a significant competitive advantage in nodulation, with nodulation occupation rates ranging from 84·6% to 100% in all the sampled soils. According to the efficiency of symbiosis under single inoculation, chickpea plants inoculated with USDA 3378 showed better symbiotic performance based on the plant dry weight, leaf chlorophyll content and nodule numbers. The chickpea plants inoculated with USDA 3378 formed nodules about 2 days earlier than those inoculated with CCBAU 83963T. The higher growth in media and the stronger adsorption on chickpea roots of USDA 3378 when mixed with CCBAU 83963T may explain why USDA 3378 shows a competitive advantage. The results from this study will contribute towards the development of effective chickpea rhizobial inoculants for soil conditioning and more environmentally friendly production of chickpeas in China.
Reason, language, history: Pragmatism's contested promise
Authors: Grigoriev Serge
Published: July 2022

Currently, one of the most important points of contention in defining contemporary pragmatistm arises from the challenge posed to pragmatism's traditional naturalist orientation by Robert Brandom's rationalist pragmatism. This paper compares the two positions, suggesting that the argument between them revolves around the role of language (rather than experience, as is frequently asserted)—more specifically, around the role of systematicity and formal analysis in our conceptions of rational inquiry and discourse. The paper suggests that Brandom's approach may be more suited to a retrospective integration and assessment of the rational learning processes, as opposed to the anticipation of their prospective dimension usually emphasized by the naturalist pragmatism; moreover, that it seems most appropriate in learning contexts that depend on the continued transmission of epistemic authority open to rational correction, and may not be suited for the conceptualization of the less formally structured domains of discourse.
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae membrane protein Mhp271 interacts with host UPR protein GRP78 to facilitate infection
Authors: Pan Qiao , Xu Qingyuan , Liu Tong , Zhang Yujuan , Xin Jiuqing
Published: July 2022

The unfolded protein response (UPR) plays a crucial role in Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) pathogenesis. We previously demonstrated that M. hyopneumoniae interferes with the host UPR to foster bacterial adhesion and infection. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of this UPR modulation is unclear. Here, we report that M. hyopneumoniae membrane protein Mhp271 interacts with host GRP78, a master regulator of UPR localized to the porcine tracheal epithelial cells (PTECs) surface. The interaction of Mhp271 with GRP78 reduces the porcine beta‐defensin 2 (PBD‐2) production, thereby facilitating M. hyopneumoniae adherence and infection. Furthermore, the R1‐2 repeat region of Mhp271 is crucial for GRP78 binding and the regulation of PBD‐2 expression. Intriguingly, a coimmunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) assay and molecular docking prediction indicated that the ATP, rather than the substrate‐binding domain of GRP78, is targeted by Mhp271 R1‐2. Overall, our findings identify host GRP78 as a target for M. hyopneumoniae Mhp271 modulating the host UPR to facilitate M. hyopneumoniae adherence and infection.
Glyphosate residues in soil can modify plant resistance to herbivores through changes in leaf quality.
Authors: Ramula S. , Kalske A. , Saikkonen K. , Helander M.
Published: July 2022

Glyphosate is the most widely used non‐selective herbicide in the world. Glyphosate residues in soil can affect plant quality by modifying plant physiology, hormonal pathways and traits, with potential consequences for plants' interactions with herbivores.

We explored these indirect effects in the context of plant–herbivore interactions in a perennial, nitrogen‐fixing herb. We quantified leaf herbivory for glyphosate‐exposed and control plants grown in phosphorus‐fertilized and non‐fertilized soils, and assessed the impacts of glyphosate treatment on traits related to plant resistance against herbivores (leaf trichome density, leaf mass per area) and performance (aboveground biomass, root:shoot ratio, nodule number, nodule activity). Moreover, we conducted a laboratory feeding experiment to compare the palatability of leaves from glyphosate‐exposed and control plants to a generalist mollusc herbivore.

Herbivore damage and intensity in situ increased during the growing season regardless of glyphosate or phosphorus treatment. Glyphosate treatment reduced leaf trichome density but had no effect on the other plant traits considered. Herbivore damage was negatively associated with leaf trichome density. The feeding experiment revealed no difference in the feeding probability of mollusc herbivores between glyphosate‐exposed and control plants. However, there was an interaction between glyphosate treatment and initial leaf area for leaf consumption by herbivores: leaf consumption increased with increasing leaf area in both groups, but at a lower rate for glyphosate‐exposed plants than for control plants.

Our results show that glyphosate residues in soil have the potential to indirectly affect aboveground herbivores through changes in leaf quality, which may have mixed consequences for folivore damage.
Effect of an ear cleaner instillation containing lipacids in a model of re‐acidification of the external auditory canal in dogs
Authors: Panzuti Pauline , Mosca Marion , Fantini Oscar , Noel Guillaume , Cappelle Julien , Pin Didier
Published: July 2022

Background

In humans, the acidic pH of the ear canal plays a protective role against infection and a change towards alkalinity of the external auditory canal (EAC) is a local factor in the progression of acute to chronic otitis externa (OE). The use of acidic preparations alone for treatment of OE without concurrent antibiotic use is well‐documented in humans. In dogs, only one study has investigated the EAC pH in healthy dogs and in dogs with OE, and investigations to understand the role of EAC pH in the pathogenesis of canine OE are lacking.

Hypothesis/objectives

To obtain physiological EAC pH values in beagle dogs. To develop a model of re‐acidification of the EAC in dogs and to investigate how an acidic solution may accelerate the return to a physiological pH.

Animals

Ten healthy beagle dogs in a laboratory setting.

Materials and Methods

A model of re‐acidification of the EAC was developed by instillation of a pH 10.1 phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) solution and the subsequent acidic effect of an ear cleaner containing lipacids was evaluated in this model.

Results

Mean physiological EAC pH was 6.12 (± 0.36). EAC re‐acidification took up to 9 h in this model. Mean pH values dropped immediately to 6.38 (± 0.27) on ears treated with an acidic ear cleaner. No abrupt drop was observed of the mean pH values for the control ears.

Conclusion and clinical importance

This study confirms that physiological EAC pH in dogs is acidic. This model of re‐acidification of the EAC pH allows investigations on acidic properties of topical ear products in healthy ears.
Pollutant Emissions Reporting and Performance Considerations for Hydrogen–Hydrocarbon Fuels in Gas Turbines
Authors: Douglas Christopher M. , Shaw Stephanie L. , Martz Thomas D. , Steele Robert C. , Noble David R. , Emerson Benjamin L. , Lieuwen Timothy C.
Published: July 2022

Hydrogen (H2) fuel for gas turbines is a promising approach for long duration storage and dispatchable utilization of intermittent renewable power. A major global discussion point, however, is the potential air quality impact of hydrogen combustion associated with nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions. Indeed, several studies in the combustion literature have reported elevated NOX concentrations in terms of dry ppmv NOX at 15% oxygen (O2) as a fuel's H2 fraction is increased. Yet, as emphasized in this work, this practice of directly comparing emissions based on dry ppmv at a reference O2 concentration (ppmvdr) is inappropriate across hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuel blends due to differing concentration changes induced by drying and referencing the corresponding exhaust gasses. This paper addresses three distinct approaches for comparing emissions consistently across fuel blends. Furthermore, it presents examples that quantify the differences in the apparent pollutant emissions between each approach and the usual ppmvdr reporting practice across the full range of hydrogen–methane mixture ratios. In all of the considered approaches, ppmvdr emissions values are shown to be inflated for H2 fuel blends relative to hydrocarbon fuels, making them unsuitable for direct comparisons of emissions among conventional and alternative fuels.
Adaptation of the Five-Step Career Planning Strategy Framework: A Pilot Intervention Case Study
Authors: Hong Hee Jung , Fraser Ian
Published: July 2022

The primary purpose of this case study was to develop, implement, and evaluate a new workshop-based intervention using the five-step career planning and reflect on feedback from participants (n = 17) with the aim of improving the intervention’s content and structure to apply it to a wider population of higher education students, including student athletes. The workshop-based intervention aimed to provide participants with opportunities to reflect on career planning and mapping while reviewing their past, present, and future in terms of both sports careers and life, generally. We provide our reflections for both applied researchers and practitioners on our experience of piloting the intervention. Semistructured interview data were collected from the participants. Analysis revealed that the workshop afforded participants with opportunities to reflect on their present and future careers. The participants also provided recommendations on how to improve future workshops. Reflections on these recommendations and on the workshop (development, implementation, and evaluation) are provided.
Homeostatic neuro-metasurfaces for dynamic wireless channel management
Authors: Fan Zhixiang , Qian Chao , Jia Yuetian , Wang Zhedong , Ding Yinzhang , Wang Dengpan , Tian Longwei , Li Erping , Cai Tong , Zheng Bin , Kaminer Ido , Chen Hongsheng
Published: July 2022

The physical basis of a smart city, the wireless channel, plays an important role in coordinating functions across a variety of systems and disordered environments, with numerous applications in wireless communication. However, conventional wireless channel typically necessitates high-complexity and energy-consuming hardware, and it is hindered by lengthy and iterative optimization strategies. Here, we introduce the concept of homeostatic neuro-metasurfaces to automatically and monolithically manage wireless channel in dynamics. These neuro-metasurfaces relieve the heavy reliance on traditional radio frequency components and embrace two iconic traits: They require no iterative computation and no human participation. In doing so, we develop a flexible deep learning paradigm for the global inverse design of large-scale metasurfaces, reaching an accuracy greater than 90%. In a full perception-decision-action experiment, our concept is demonstrated through a preliminary proof-of-concept verification and an on-demand wireless channel management. Our work provides a key advance for the next generation of electromagnetic smart cities.
Structural basis for the calmodulin-mediated activation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase
Authors: Piserchio Andrea , Isiorho Eta A. , Long Kimberly , Bohanon Amanda L. , Kumar Eric A. , Will Nathan , Jeruzalmi David , Dalby Kevin N. , Ghose Ranajeet
Published: July 2022

Translation is a tightly regulated process that ensures optimal protein quality and enables adaptation to energy/nutrient availability. The α-kinase eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF-2K), a key regulator of translation, specifically phosphorylates the guanosine triphosphatase eEF-2, thereby reducing its affinity for the ribosome and suppressing the elongation phase of protein synthesis. eEF-2K activation requires calmodulin binding and autophosphorylation at the primary stimulatory site, T348. Biochemical studies predict a calmodulin-mediated activation mechanism for eEF-2K distinct from other calmodulin-dependent kinases. Here, we resolve the atomic details of this mechanism through a 2.3-Å crystal structure of the heterodimeric complex of calmodulin and the functional core of eEF-2K (eEF-2K
TR
). This structure, which represents the activated T348-phosphorylated state of eEF-2K
TR
, highlights an intimate association of the kinase with the calmodulin C-lobe, creating an “activation spine” that connects its amino-terminal calmodulin-targeting motif to its active site through a conserved regulatory element.
Gga-miR-30c-5p Suppresses Avian Reovirus (ARV) Replication by Inhibition of ARV-Induced Autophagy via Targeting ATG5
Authors: Zhou Linyi , Haiyilati Areayi , Li Jiaxin , Li Xiaoqi , Gao Li , Cao Hong , Wang Yongqiang , Zheng Shijun J.
Published: July 2022

Avian reovirus (ARV) is an important poultry pathogen causing viral arthritis, chronic respiratory diseases, and retarded growth, leading to considerable economic losses to the poultry industry across the globe. Elucidation of the pathogenesis of ARV infection is crucial to guiding the development of novel vaccines or drugs for the effective control of these diseases.
Plasmid-Assisted Horizontal Transfer of a Large
lsa
(E)-Carrying Genomic Island in Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Shan Xinxin , Li Xin-Sheng , Schwarz Stefan , Chen Yuxia , Xu Chunyan , Du Xiang-Dang
Published: July 2022

In this study, it was shown that a pheromone-responsive conjugative plasmid played an indispensable role in the horizontal transfer of a
lsa
(E)-carrying genomic island. This finding indicates a dual role of the pheromone-responsive conjugative plasmid in disseminating both plasmid-borne resistance genes and chromosomally-located genomic islands.
Proton Pump Inhibitor-Induced Gut Dysbiosis Increases Mortality Rates for Patients with Clostridioides difficile Infection
Authors: Lin Cheng-Yu , Cheng Hao-Tsai , Kuo Chia-Jung , Lee Yun-Shien , Sung Chang-Mu , Keidan Micah , Rao Krishna , Kao John Y. , Hsieh Sen-Yung
Published: July 2022

This article demonstrates that daily PPI use was the only avoidable risk factor for death. With more extended PPI use, the mortality rate was higher in patients with CDI. Decreases in
Prevotella copri
and
Ruminococcus gnavus
and increases in
Parabacteroides merdae
and
Clostridioides difficile
in line with daily PPI use duration were significantly associated with the death of CDI patients. Our findings provide in-depth insights into the cautious use of PPIs in chronically ill patients with CDI.
Continental geological evidence for Solar System chaotic behavior in the Late Cretaceous
Authors: Wu Huaichun , Hinnov Linda A. , Zhang Shihong , Jiang Ganqing , Yang Tianshui , Li Haiyan , Xi Dangpeng , Ma Xiaojuan , Wang Chengshan
Published: July 2022

The Earth’s geologic record of Milankovitch cycles closely tracks Solar System solutions for the past 50 million years. Prior to 50 million years ago (Ma), however, the solutions lose accuracy rapidly due to chaotic behavior of the Solar System. Here we reconstruct a 10.173 million year-long record from 82.358 Ma to 92.531 Ma of Earth’s orbital parameters from a continental lacustrine sequence in the Songliao Basin, China, constrained by four in situ high-resolution radioisotopic U-Pb ages and magnetic reversal stratigraphy. Analysis of thorium and ostracode shell abundance records from the Songliao Basin reveal evidence for two chaotic secular resonance transitions in the orbital motions of Earth and Mars from 85.2 Ma to 91.55 Ma. The evidence validates similar observations in western North American marine stratigraphy. A unique phasing between the observed orbital eccentricity and obliquity modulations may explain the anoxic events that occurred in both marine and continental environments during this time. Taken together, the continental and marine stratigraphic evidence demonstrates a strong global reach of Late Cretaceous Milankovitch cycles, and provides an important constraint on Solar System chaoticity and the calculation of accurate orbital solutions prior to 50 Ma.
On the Word Fragment Length for Unambiguous Reconstruction of a Periodic Word from a Complete Multiset of Fragments of Fixed Length
Authors: Alekseev V. A. , Smetanin Yu. G.
Published: July 2022

We consider the problem of reconstructing a word from a multiset of its fragments of fixed length. Words consist of symbols from a finite alphabet. The word to be reconstructed is assumed to be periodic or contain a periodic word as a subword. It is shown that a periodic word with a period p can be reconstructed from a multiset of its fragments of length k, where $$k \geqslant \left\lfloor {\frac{{16}}{7}\sqrt p } \right\rfloor + 5$$. For a word consisting of a q-periodic prefix repeated m times and a p-periodic suffix repeated l times, if $$l \geqslant m{{q}^{{\left\lfloor {\frac{{16}}{7}\sqrt P } \right\rfloor + 5}}}$$, then the estimate becomes $$k \geqslant \left\lfloor {\frac{{16}}{7}\sqrt P } \right\rfloor + 5$$, where $$P = {\text{max(}}p,~q{\text{)}}$$.
Description of Coordinate Groups of Irreducible Algebraic Sets over Free 2-Nilpotent Groups
Authors: Amaglobeli M. G. , Miasnikov A. G. , Remeslennikov V. N.
Published: July 2022

A convenient pure algebraic description of the coordinate groups of irreducible algebraic sets over a non-Abelian free 2-nilpotent group N of finite rank is given. Note that, in algebraic geometry over an arbitrary group N, it is natural to consider groups containing N as a subgroup (so-called N-groups) and homomorphisms of N-groups which are identical on N (N-homomorphisms). As a corollary, we describe all finitely generated groups H that are universally equivalent to N (with constants from N in the language). Additionally, we give a pure algebraic criterion determining when a finitely generated N-group H that is N-separated by N is, in fact, N-discriminated by N.
Comparison of biometric and refractive changes in intermittent exotropia with and without overminus lens therapy
Authors: Ale Magar Jit B , Shah Shaheen P , Dai Shuan
Published: July 2022

Background

Overminus lens is an effective non-surgical treatment of intermittent exotropia (IXT). Whether this treatment causes development of myopia is recently debated. This study evaluated ocular biometric changes in IXT children treated with and without overminus lens.

Methods

Children with IXT were randomly assigned to control and overminus groups. Cycloplegic refraction, axial length and other parameters (keratometry, anterior chamber depth and lens thickness) were evaluated for up to 30 months and compared between the groups. Axial length to corneal curvature (AL/CR) ratio was examined as an indicator of myopia progression. Changes prior to and after overminus were also assessed in a subgroup.

Results

Mean age of the total 84 subjects (58% women) was 7.2 years (range 4–15 years). Baseline refractive and biometric parameters of 39 control and 45 overminus subjects were not significantly different. Mean±SD change in refraction was −0.34±0.45D in controls and −0.41±0.66D in overminus group (p=0.527). AL increased by 0.29±0.20 millimetre (mm) in controls and 0.28±0.23 mm in overminus group (p=0.766). In the subgroup, the changes before and after overminus therapy was not significantly different (p>0.05). AL/CR ratio was maintained from baseline to follow-up visit (p=0.298) in both groups.

Conclusion

No significant differences in biometry or refraction were found between the two groups and before and after the therapy. We conclude that the overminus therapy in children, not accounting for other myopia risk factors, does not affect normal refractive growths.
Association of overweight and obesity with hypertension, diabetes and comorbidity among adults in Bangladesh: evidence from nationwide Demographic and Health Survey 2017–2018 data
Authors: Das Sukanta , Debnath Manabika , Das Sunanda , Sarkar Snigdha , Rumana Afrin Sadia
Published: July 2022

Objectives

The study aimed to determine the association of overweight and obesity with hypertension, diabetes and comorbidity among the adults of Bangladesh.

Study design

This study used cross-sectional data from the nationally representative Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2017–2018. The main outcome variables were hypertension, diabetes and comorbidity. Comorbidity was defined as the coexistence of hypertension and diabetes. Overweight and obesity, as measured by body mass index, were the main explanatory variables. The strength of the association was determined using the adjusted multiple logistic regression models.

Setting

Rural and urban areas in Bangladesh.

Participants

The study included a total of 11 881 adults (5241 men and 6640 women) aged 18 years or older.

Results

The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and comorbidity among the sample population were 28.5%, 9.9% and 4.5%, respectively. Among the respondents, 20.1% were overweight and 4.1% were obese. The risk of hypertension was 2.47 times more likely in the overweight group (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.47; 95% CI 2.22 to 2.75) and 2.65 times more likely in the obese group (AOR 2.65; 95% CI 2.16 to 3.26) compared with the normal or underweight group. Adults who were overweight and obese had 59% (AOR 1.59; 95% CI 1.37 to 1.84) and 88% (AOR 1.88; 95% CI 1.46 to 2.42) higher odds of having diabetes, respectively, than normal or underweight adults. Moreover, the risk of comorbidity was 2.21 times higher in overweight adults (AOR 2.21; 95% CI 1.81 to 2.71) and 2.86 times higher in obese adults (AOR 2.86; 95% CI 2.09 to 3.91) compared with normal or underweight adults.

Conclusions

Using large-scale nationally representative data, we found that overweight and obesity were significantly associated with hypertension, diabetes and comorbidity. So, nationally representative data can be used for programme planning to prevent and treat these chronic conditions.