bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chest x-ray findings and outcomes of children with suspected ventilator .. associated pneumonia
Authors: Sumarni Neni , Kosim Muhammad Sholeh , Supriatna Mohammad , Sudijanto Eddy
Published: September 2016

Background Ventilator􀁖associated pneumonia (VAP) is anosocomial infection in patients who have received mechanicalventilation (MV), either by endotracheal intubation ortracheostomy, for more than 48 hours. YAP represents 80% ofall hospital􀁖acquired pneumonias. VAP incidence varies from5.1 %􀁖33.3%. The modified clinical pulmonary infection scoreis a criteria for diagnosing suspected YAP and typically includesradiographic evidence. YAP is associated with significantmorbidity and mortality.Objective To determine the relationship between chest x􀁖rayfindings and outcomes in children Mth suspected VAP.Methods This retrospective study was held in Dr. Kariadi Hospitalfrom January - December 2010. Data was collected from medicalrecords of pediatric ICU (PICU) patients with suspected VAP.Chest x􀁖ray findings and patient outcomes were recorded. X􀁖rayfindings were assessed by the on􀁖duty radiologist. Chi square testwas used for statistical analysis.Results Subjects were 30 children consisting of 14 males and 16females. Patient outcomes were 23 patients survived and 7 patientsdied. Chest x􀁖ray findings were categorized into the followinggroups and compared to patient survivability: diffuse infiltrates76.7% (OR􀁗0.694; P􀁗0.532; 95% CI 0.102 to 4.717), localhedinfiltrates 13.3% (OR􀁗4.200; P􀁗 0.225; 95% CI 0.470 t037.49),and no infiltrates 10% (OR􀁗 1.222; P􀁗 0.436; 95% CI 0.593 to0.926). None of the x􀁖ray findings had a significant correlationto patient outcomes.Conclusion There was no significant relationship between chestx􀁖ray findings and outcomes in children with suspected VAP.[Paediatr rndones. 2012;52:233-8].
Ambivalenzen des Alltags
Authors: Bargetz Brigitte
Published: September 2016

Die Politische Theorie ist gegenwärtig und nicht zuletzt in Reaktion auf veränderte gesellschaftliche Verhältnisse durch eine angeregte Diskussion über das Politische geprägt. Brigitte Bargetz greift diese aktuellen Debatten auf und schlägt mit dem Konzept des Alltags einen neuen Weg vor, das Politische zu denken: Im Anschluss an Henri Lefebvre, Agnes Heller und Lawrence Grossberg entwirft sie eine vielschichtige politische Theorie des Alltags, die es ermöglicht, Alltag als ambivalenten politischen Kampfplatz zwischen Herrschaft und Widerstand zu fassen, der den Ausgangspunkt für eine praxisorientierte Theorie des Politischen auch jenseits des Staates bildet.
Selbstentfaltung - Das Formen der Person und die Ausdifferenzierung des Subjektiven
Authors: Renn Joachim
Published: September 2016

Die Person (als Name für Zerstreutes im Umfeld des Subjektproblems) wird sozial zur Entfaltung bestimmt: Sie wird geformt (sozialisiert, diszipliniert, subjektiviert) - und muss sich zudem, parallel oder widerständig zur Formung, »selbst« entfalten, eigensteuern, individuieren, authentifizieren. Joachim Renns Studien zeigen: »Selbstentfaltung« als »Ausdifferenzierung« kann die Grundfigur einer pragmatistischen Soziologie des »Subjektiven« in der Gesellschaft sein. Das zentrale theoretische Problem ist dann das Verhältnis zwischen allgemeinen Formen der Genese subjektiver Selbstverhältnisse und der historisch-gesellschaftlichen Varianz des Ineinandergreifens und Auseinandertretens von Subjektformaten und subjektivem »Selbstbezug«.
Architekten in der DDR
Authors: Zervosen Tobias
Published: September 2016

Planen und Bauen in der DDR wird vor allem als »Staatsarchitektur« aufgefasst. Die beteiligten Architekten werden hingegen kaum wahrgenommen. Vielfach gelten sie nur als ausführende Organe einer übermächtigen Baupolitik. Welche Rolle aber spielten sie wirklich? Tobias Zervosen fragt nach dem Selbstverständnis dieser Berufsgruppe, ohne die Bedeutung des Politischen aus dem Blick zu verlieren. Er stellt umfassend dar, dass die Architekturgeschichte der DDR auch eine Geschichte der Architekten selbst ist: Sie prägten ihren Verlauf auf vielfältige Weise - sei es auf politischer Ebene, in der konkreten Planung vor Ort oder aber in theoretischen Debatten.
Von der Frühverrentung bis zur Rente mit 67
Authors: Brussig Martin , Knuth Matthias , Mümken Sarah
Published: September 2016

Innerhalb von 20 Jahren wurde auf dem Arbeitsmarkt in Deutschland ein Paradigmenwechsel zur Alterserwerbstätigkeit vollzogen, der sich in zwei Schüben entfaltete: Die Politik wandte sich im letzten Jahrzehnt des alten Jahrhunderts von der Frühverrentung ab, und im ersten Jahrzehnt des neuen Jahrhunderts stieg die Alterserwerbsbeteiligung in einem - auch im europäischen Vergleich - überraschend starken Ausmaß an. Dieses Buch zeichnet den Wandel des Altersübergangs differenziert nach: In welchen Schritten hat er sich vollzogen, und wie haben die vielen Stellschrauben beim Übergang vom Erwerbsleben in die Rente ineinandergegriffen?
Fotografische Normalisierung
Authors: Grebe Anna
Published: September 2016

Die fotografische Repräsentation von Behinderung ist so alt wie die Fotografie selbst. Sie ist zudem daran beteiligt, dass »Behinderung« als Gegenentwurf zu dem gilt, was diskursiv als »Normalität« hergestellt wird. Um die Frage nach den Blickregimes, der Medialität und der (seriellen) Produktion von Behinderung im fotografischen Dispositiv beantworten zu können, verknüpft Anna Grebe anhand der Analyse eines ab 1880 geführten und ca. 50.000 Aufnahmen umfassenden Fotoarchivs die neuesten Erkenntnisse der Disability Studies mit den Grundlagen der Visual Culture und leistet so einen Beitrag zu einer Theorie der sozio-medialen Konstruktion von Behinderung.
Watching Nostalgia
Authors: Armbruster Stefanie
Published: September 2016

What is nostalgia in television? How far does a nostalgic text trigger nostalgic emotions? And how are nostalgic series received by different audience groups? Stefanie Armbruster uses an interdisciplinary approach as analytical and theoretical basis. Her detailed analyses identify nostalgia in reruns, remakes and period dramas such as "Knight Rider" or "Mad Men". Focus group discussions with German and Spanish viewers give new insights into its reception. The in-depth study helps to understand the interrelation of nostalgic texts and nostalgic reception better and explores a decisive part of a phenomenon that is omnipresent in our current TV landscape.
Medialer Schmutz
Authors: Templin Christina
Published: September 2016

Um 1900 häuften sich im Deutschen Kaiserreich Skandale um die Darstellung von Nacktheit und Sex in unterschiedlichen Medien. Die medialen Ordnungen des Darstellbaren und die medial transportierten sexualmoralischen Normen wurden nun zunehmend zu einem öffentlich verhandelten Problem. Christina Templin analysiert erstmals systematisch diese in breiter Medienöffentlichkeit verlaufenden Skandale mit Blick auf die medialen Grenzziehungsprozesse, die in ihnen aufgebrachten Deutungsmuster und die aus den Konflikten resultierenden Dynamiken. Die Studie leistet damit einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Sexualitäts- und Mediengeschichte des Kaiserreichs.
Der Unernst des Kitsches
Authors: Ra Yushin
Published: September 2016

Kitsch ist mehr, als man ihm gemeinhin zutraut. Er ist nicht nur eine ästhetische Reaktion auf die Industriegesellschaft oder bloß ein progressives Ausdrucksmittel - vielmehr steht er auch für eine spezifische ästhetische Sensibilität für die Welt. Yushin Ra geht dem nach und zeigt: Kitsch erzeugt einen Unernst durch die eigentümliche Weise der Interaktion einer metakommunikativen Ebene und der vordergründigen Mitteilung. Er schwebt auf der Grenze der beiden und erzeugt dadurch eine Unklarheit, die beim Rezipienten eine bestimmte Skepsis ob des Ernstes des Produkts entstehen lassen. Diese unernste Haltung steht für die Auffassung, dass es auf der Welt eine Nische gibt, die vom Zwang zur Vernunft und zum sinnvollen Handeln nicht erreicht wird.
Fragments, Futures, Absence and the Past
Authors: Helmerdig Silke
Published: September 2016

According to Walter Benjamin, the past that is not recognized by the present threatens to disappear irretrievably. As a consequence, photographs cannot save the moment from oblivion by pure depiction alone, but only by keeping the depicted moment actual at every present moment. Instead of counting on the documentary quality of photography that speaks in the past tense of "what has been", Silke Helmerdig suggests a different approach to photography: an extension of a future subjunctive (photographic) tense speaking of "what could be, if", allowing one to think possible futures instead of harking back to the past.
The Anthropocene Crisis
Authors: Foster John Bellamy
Published: September 2016

The Anthropocene, viewed as a new geological epoch displacing the Holocene epoch of the last 10,000 to 12,000 years, represents what has been called an "anthropogenic rift" in the history of the planet.… Recent scientific evidence suggests that the period from around 1950 on exhibits a major spike, marking a Great Acceleration in human impacts on the environment, with the most dramatic stratigraphic trace of the anthropogenic rift to be found in fallout radionuclides from nuclear weapons testing.… Viewed in this way, the Anthropocene can be seen as corresponding roughly to the rise of the modern environmental movement, which had its beginnings in the protests led by scientists against above-ground nuclear testing after the Second World War, and was to emerge as a wider movement following the publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring in 1962. Carson's book was soon followed in the 1960s by the very first warnings, by Soviet and U.S. scientists, of accelerated and irreversible global warming. It is this dialectical interrelation between the acceleration into the Anthropocene and the acceleration of a radical environmentalist imperative in response that constitutes the central theme of Ian Angus's marvelous new book.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Bioelectricity Production from Various Feedstocks Using Pure Strain of Bacillus firmus
Authors: Singh Shweta , Pandey Anjana , Dwivedi Chandra Kant
Published: September 2016

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are bio-electrochemical devices that exploit microorganisms for producing electricity from a variety of materials, including complex organic waste and renewable biomass. In this study, the heterotrophic microbe, Bacillus firmus was used as the active bacterial component with synthetic waste waters for bio-electricity production. Three identical mediatorless and membraneless single chambered microbial fuel cells (MFCs) without catalyst was fabricated with different carbon source and operated in batch mode. The performance of these MFCs with glucose, hydrolyzed potato peel and hydrolyzed cyanobacterial biomass substrates were comparatively evaluated. Among these substrates hydrolyzed cyanobacterial biomass was found to be the favorable substrate for electricity production whereas potato peel was unable to construct a well-established MFC. The maximum power density of 16.46mW/m2 at 62.48mA/m2 was achieved using cyanobacterial mass as the substrate. A current density of 53.47mA/m2 appeared to characterize the maximum power produced from a polarization test was 5.85mW/m2 for glucose substrate. Article History: Received February 25th 2016; Received in revised form April 18th 2016; Accepted May 19th 2016; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Singh, S.,  Pandey, A. and Dwivedi, C.K. (2016) Bioelectricity Production from Various Feedstocks Using Pure Strain of Bacillus firmus. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 5(2), 119-127.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.2.119-127
Pola Penerapan Hukum Adat dalam Penyelenggaraan Pembangunan di Wilayah Pembangunan III Grime Kabupaten Jayapura-Papua
Authors: Griapon Kristian V. , Ma'rif Samsul
Published: September 2016

The Development Region III of Grime (the indigenous territories of Dumutru) Jayapura District has a problem on indigeneous land ownership system. The development process by the local government of Dumutru’s territory is not on target and collide with the structures and cultural systems in the community. The study aims to assess and to identify the rules of customary law that can be synergized wiith the formal legal rules. The study is conducted by the qualitative method through qualitative descriptive analysis. The analysis shows that the problems of development in the Development Region III of Grime Jayapura District are because of lack of synergy of positive law and customary law. The development process needs to refer to the formal legal regulations governing land acquisition mechanism and rules of customary law. 
Hubungan dan Aliran Informasi Antar Pelaku Pada Klaster Batik Kota Pekalongan
Authors: Astuti Dwi , Setyono Jawoto Sih
Published: September 2016

The potential of Batik Pekalongan has a unique characteristic which develops by the each entrepreneur of batik. So that, it needs to develop the relationships among the entrepreneurs to stimulate the innovation development of batik. This study aims to determine how the relationship and the information flow among the actors involved in cooperation networks to support the cluster development of batik in Pekalongan. The research method is survey method with both qualitative and quantitative approach. The data is obtained from primary and secondary data. This study sought to understand the relationships between the actors involved in the cluster batik through Social Network Analysis (SNA). The analysis result shows that the roles of actors are still not optimal and need to be improved. Disperindagkop and UMKM, Bappeda, Ministry of Industry, and FEDEP BPPT of Pekalongan City have a major role in the development of clusters of batik. These actors result from the measurement of degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality in the network. And the source of batik knowledge information source comes from the both the customers and the entrepreneurs of batik. The sources of batik knowledge information from consumers indicate that it turns more businesses to exchange information and share innovations that affect the production process of batik. Batik cluster consists of a multi-stakeholder who has some shortcomings so that it is necessary to integrate the roles of actors and the innovation process and technology as a strategy for the development of innovative clusters.
Menemukan Strategi Pengembangan Kawasan Industri Melalui Analisis Sektor Unggulan Kota Binjai
Authors: Pinem Dessy Eresina
Published: September 2016

The industrial sector is a primary sector has the potential to create a progressive growth in a region. The growth in the region rely on the industrial sector was driven by sales of production, employment, and other multiplier effects so that many of districts or cities in North Sumatra try to develop this sector. The industry that can be developed is an appropriate industrial potential and local resource to be optimal growth in the region. In RTRW Kota Binjai years 2011 - 2030, District of North Binjai designated as an industrial area. Industries that are planned to be developed are a high-tech industry. But the problem is whether the type specified in the RTRW industry is the industry that corresponds to the potential of local resources and the District of North Binjai? The purpose of this paper is to find the right industry to be developed by local potential or excellence, especially in the District Binjai Utara Binjai. The analytical tool used is the analysis of LQ, shift share and SWOT discovered the potential and advantages that can be seen Binjai compliance with industry directed by RTRW. The analysis results show that the industrial sector is not a primary sector or potential sector in Binjai. The results of LQ and shift share analysis show that the sector with the potential to be developed in Binjai was the construction sector, finance, and services. The similarity with the RTRW policy is only in the service sector. This shows that the service sector can be developed while the computer industry, multimedia, publishing, and printing) is not in accordance with the local potential. However, if the government still wants to develop the industrial sector in North Binjai, there should be diversification strategies, namely building-related industry sectors, such as industry superior building materials and mining industries.
SINKRONISASI TATA RUANG WILAYAH KOTA BOGOR DALAM MENDUKUNG PROGRAM PEMBANGUNAN
Authors: Prayitno Sigit , Hadi Setia , Manuwoto Manuwoto
Published: August 2016

The RTRW was intended to help The City Government to prepare an urban development guideline that includes the sectoral and spatial aspect. The synchronization between the development program with RTRW was conducted through application of spatial plan in the development program. The purpose of this study were: (1) analysis of the suitability of land use with RTRW; (2) analysis of the suitability of the development program with RTRW; (3) analysis of the spatial planning use in the preparation of the development program and its influencing factors; and (4) strategy formulations to improve the synchronization. The analytical method used in this study were: overlay analysis, descriptive analysis, and A'WOT. The results showed that the suitability of land use in 2013 with the spatial pattern plan is 59.58%, unrealized 36.41%, not suitable 4.01%. Average physical program in accordance with RTRW is 87.68%. 75% of agencies are already using RTRW in the preparation of the development program, while 25% of institutions did not. The prioritized strategy is to implement the regulations on spatial planning and development plan explicitly so that the city government's commitment can be realized.
Pattern recognition of ocean pH
Authors: Parker Albert
Published: September 2016

The manuscript shows how the few, scattered, latest measurements of ocean pH lacking a proper spatial and time coverage do not permit a meaningful computation of global trends, as the ocean pH is strongly variable in latitude, longitude and depth and very likely is subject to the multi-decadal oscillations that have been identified in the atmospheric and ocean systems. The proposed mathematical model is based on the assumption that the monthly averaged ocean pH may be described by the superposition of a linear trend and inter-annual, decadal and multi-decadal oscillations, with linear and sinusoidal regression coefficients requiring data that are presently unavailable.
Exciting Wide NMR Spectra of Static Solid Samples with Weak Radiofrequency Fields
Authors: Carnevale Diego , Chinthalapalli Srinivas , Bodenhausen Geoffrey
Published: September 2016

Trains of short pulses in the manner of ‘delays alternating with nutations for tailored excitation’ (DANTE) have been applied to the Pake patterns of protons of water molecules trapped in a static powdered sample of barium chlorate monohydrate. The spin dynamics in the course of such experiments have been investigated by means of numerical simulations and compared with the ideal refocusing that can be achieved under magic-angle spinning (MAS). Solid echoes yield essentially undistorted lineshapes, in contrast to direct excitation without refocusing that leads to severe dispersions of the phases because of inhomogeneous interactions such as homonuclear dipolar couplings and anisotropic chemical shifts. The selectivity of DANTE sequences allows one to access ‘slices’ of the Pake pattern that can be related to particular crystallite orientations. Single-crystal spectra can therefore be extracted from powder spectra. A similar behavior is expected for both dipolar and quadrupolar echoes.
Basic and Combination Cross-Features in X- and Q-band HYSCORE of the 15N Labeled Bacteriochlorophyll a Cation Radical
Authors: Taguchi Alexander T. , Baldansuren Amgalanbaatar , Dikanov Sergei A.
Published: September 2016

Chlorophylls are an essential class of cofactors found in all photosynthetic organisms. Upon absorbing a photon, the excited state energy of the chlorophyll can either be transferred to another acceptor molecule, or be used to drive electron transfer. When acting as the primary donor in the bacterial photosynthetic reaction center, light-induced charge separation results in the formation of a cationic bacteriochlorophyll dimer. The hyperfine interactions between the unpaired electron of the 15N labeled bacteriochlorophyll cation radical and its four pyrrole nitrogens are probed with X- and Q-band 15N HYSCORE spectroscopy in frozen solution. The powder-type HYSCORE shows the basic (ν

α(β), ν

β(α)) cross-features as well as several types of combination cross-features. The nitrogen tensors were resolved in the squared-frequency representation of the HYSCORE spectra, and simulations of the combination peaks allowed for further refinement of the hyperfine coupling constants. The nitrogen tensors were found to have coupling constants a=3.28 MHz, T=1.23 MHz (N1 and N2), a=4.10 MHz, T=1.25 MHz (N3), and a=4.35 MHz, T=1.70 MHz (N4). The combination features were assigned based on a linear regression analysis of the cross-ridges in the squared-frequency representation as well as spectral simulations. The methodology discussed here will provide an important foundation for analyzing and understanding complex two-dimensional spectra from several I=1/2 nuclei.
A Delphic consensus assessment: imaging and biomarkers in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor disease management
Authors: Oberg Kjell , Krenning Eric , Sundin Anders , Bodei Lisa , Kidd Mark , Tesselaar Margot , Ambrosini Valentina , Baum Richard P , Kulke Matthew , Pavel Marianne , Cwikla Jaroslaw , Drozdov Ignat , Falconi Massimo , Fazio Nicola , Frilling Andrea , Jensen Robert , Koopmans Klaus , Korse Tiny , Kwekkeboom Dik , Maecke Helmut , Paganelli Giovanni , Salazar Ramon , Severi Stefano , Strosberg Jonathan , Prasad Vikas , Scarpa Aldo , Grossman Ashley , Walenkamp Annemeik , Cives Mauro , Virgolini Irene , Kjaer Andreas , Modlin Irvin M
Published: September 2016

The complexity of the clinical management of neuroendocrine neoplasia (NEN) is exacerbated by limitations in imaging modalities and a paucity of clinically useful biomarkers. Limitations in currently available imaging modalities reflect difficulties in measuring an intrinsically indolent disease, resolution inadequacies and inter-/intra-facility device variability and that RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) criteria are not optimal for NEN. Limitations of currently used biomarkers are that they are secretory biomarkers (chromogranin A, serotonin, neuron-specific enolase and pancreastatin); monoanalyte measurements; and lack sensitivity, specificity and predictive capacity. None of them meet the NIH metrics for clinical usage. A multinational, multidisciplinary Delphi consensus meeting of NEN experts (n = 33) assessed current imaging strategies and biomarkers in NEN management. Consensus (>75%) was achieved for 78% of the 142 questions. The panel concluded that morphological imaging has a diagnostic value. However, both imaging and current single-analyte biomarkers exhibit substantial limitations in measuring the disease status and predicting the therapeutic efficacy. RECIST remains suboptimal as a metric. A critical unmet need is the development of a clinico-biological tool to provide enhanced information regarding precise disease status and treatment response. The group considered that circulating RNA was better than current general NEN biomarkers and preliminary clinical data were considered promising. It was resolved that circulating multianalyte mRNA (NETest) had clinical utility in both diagnosis and monitoring disease status and therapeutic efficacy. Overall, it was concluded that a combination of tumor spatial and functional imaging with circulating transcripts (mRNA) would represent the future strategy for real-time monitoring of disease progress and therapeutic efficacy.
A Word of Caution Is Needed Before Uttering a Word of Caution: Thrombocytopenia and Sutureless Valves
Authors: Santarpino Giuseppe , Fischlein Theodor , Pfeiffer Steffen
Published: September 2016

Thrombocytopenia occurring after surgical bioprosthetic valve implantation is a phenomenon that has been long investigated, and various explanations have been provided [Santarpino 2012a]. Our group has been addressing this topic over several years, extending back to the original description of this phenomenon in Freedom Solo (Sorin Group, Saluggia, Italy). However, we observed that this was a transitory and self-limited phenomenon without clinical consequence [Santarpino 2011; Santarpino 2012a]. Our center began implanting the Perceval aortic valve (Sorin Group, Saluggia, Italy) in 2010, and we have gained a vast experience in sutureless aortic valve replacement with Perceval, with more than 300 implants performed to date [Fischlein 2015].
Evolution of Cardiac Biomodels from Computational to Therapeutics
Authors: Rathinam Alwin Kumar , Mokhtar Raja Amin Raja
Published: September 2016

Biomodeling the human anatomy in exact structure and size is an exciting field of medical science. Utilizing medical data from various medical imaging topography, the data of an anatomical structure can be extracted and converted into a three-dimensional virtual biomodel; thereafter a physical biomodel can be generated utilizing rapid prototyping machines. Here, we have reviewed the utilization of this technology and have provided some guidelines to develop biomodels of cardiac structures. Cardiac biomodels provide insights for cardiothoracic surgeons, cardiologists, and patients alike. Additionally, the technology may have future usability for tissue engineering, robotic surgery, or routine hospital usage as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Given the broad areas of application of cardiac biomodels, attention should be given to further research and development of their potential.
Forearm and Hand Function after Radial Artery Harvest for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Subjective Patients’ Assessment
Authors: Drohomirecka Anna , Kwinecki Paweł , Gwóźdź Witold , Mieczyński Mariusz , Stępiński Piotr , Jasiński Jarosław , Stręk Krzysztof , Cichoń Romulad
Published: September 2016

Background: As arterial myocardial revascularization is proved to provide great results, radial artery use as a graft and its consequences remain an important issue.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate how patients assess their forearm and hand function after radial artery harvest for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
Methods: 50 patients (mean age 52.2 ± 7.4 years) who underwent CABG at least 6 months (median follow up
11.75 months) earlier filled in a questionnaire concerning hand and forearm efficiency and discomfort.
Results: The global efficiency of the operated upper extremity was scored mean 8.87 ± 1.26 points on a 10-point scale and it was worse in patients who noticed at least one sort of disorder than in patients with no problems (8.6 ± 1.4 versus 9.4 ± 0.7 points; P = .04). Paresthesias were the most often reported disorders; 21 patients felt some tingling and/or numbness, but in only 14 (28%) could the symptoms be considered as related to the operation. 20 patients (40%) declared that they felt some scar-related discomfort. Reduced grip strength and excessive hand fatigue were reported by 20% and 10% of patients, respectively. None of those interviewed answered that symptoms reported affected his or her life activity on any level.
Conclusion: The hand and forearm efficiency after radial artery harvest for CABG was highly evaluated by the majority of patients. Despite the fact that many patients reported some surgery-related problems, they did not notice extremity dysfunction that could limit their life activity.
On Becoming a Doctor of Humane Letters
Authors: Tribble, MD Curt
Published: September 2016

In an era of rapid, cheap, and efficient electronic communication, the practice—and art—of letter writing has faded. There are many reasons for us as physicians and surgeons to resist this evolution. And, there are many opportunities to employ letter writing to the benefit of ourselves, our patients, and our colleagues. A true Doctor of Humane Letters is an honorary degree, generally awarded for significant contributions to society.  However, given that humane can be defined as showing compassion, understanding, mercy, and tolerance, we can all strive to be worthy of such a distinction. There are many mundane letters familiar to us all, such as letters of recommendation, letters of thanks, and letters of commendation. However, I would like to offer some suggestions about other less common, but useful, types of letters that might prove valuable to physicians both in training and in practice. These include letters of inquiry, condolence, reflection, and explanation, as well as some notes about missives that are often best written but not sent.
Organizando el aula en función del lenguaje escrito. Una experiencia pedagógica en educación parvularia
Authors: Silva-Peña Ilich , Sandoval-Durán Ana Carolina , Pizarro-Fuentes Claudia
Published: September 2016

The following article systematizes an experience carried out in two urban schools located in marginalized areas in the region of Araucanía (Chile). Moreover, it proposes a strategy for teaching reading and writing through classroom organization in Early Childhood Education. We collected the information by using classroom observation, interviews with the teachers and action research reports written by teachers. The result was the progress in the acquisition of written language in children. Also, there were advances in the understanding of this process from a more systemic view.
Concepción pedagógica de la actividad extensionista en el Centro Universitario Tlacaélel
Authors: González-Pérez Milaisy , Ávila-Rodríguez Martha
Published: September 2016

This paper is the result of a shared experience between Cuban and Mexican professors. Its objective is to assess the extracurricular activity at University Center of Tlacaélel (CUT) from the perspective of the pedagogic theory and practice, the social responsibility of the university, and the integration with other essential processes. To carry out this work, a qualitative methodological approach was applied, which involved the participant observation (with its corresponding observations recording), the specialized literature review to support the pedagogical conception of the university extracurricular process, and the analytical reflection by means of discussion groups to socialize the information and to enrich the understanding of reality through students and professors’ exchange. The outcome of this work is the pedagogical foundation of the extracurricular process and the assessment of its feasibility from the university community perception.racurricular process and the assessment of its feasibility from the university community perception.
Percepción del estudiantado sobre la evaluación del aprendizaje en la educación superior
Authors: Rodríguez-Espinosa Holmes , Restrepo-Betancur Luis Fernando , Luna-Cabrera Gloria Cristina
Published: September 2016

This research aimed to know university students’ perception about learning assessment carried out by their teachers, their level of objectivity and skill, among other aspects. The study was conducted in Medellin, Colombia, between January and July 2015. A final sample size of 400 university students from public and private institutions, randomly selected, was used. The data analysis was carried out by using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with orthogonal-type canonical contrast, factor analysis, and one-dimensional type frequency analysis. It was found that university students have a good perception about the assessment practices of their teachers. Likewise, highly significant differences between men and women in their perception of learning assessment were identified. Students consider that learning assessment practices have contributed to improve their learning and are in accordance with the learning objectives. Nevertheless, most students have felt that their teachers are not objective in evaluation and they often use questions that confuse students, and very theoretical questions without application to practice. A lack of non-traditional assessment practices, such as peer assessment, self-assessment as well as virtual platforms use for assessments, was found. These findings imply the need to improve teacher training on assessment skills to allow them to plan evaluation as a strategy to improve learning, involving students in an active way.
Impacto educativo de un instrumento didáctico que complementa al TADIR para conceptos de la estática en estudiantes de ingeniería de México
Authors: Morales-García Federico Alonso , Ramírez-Díaz Mario Humberto
Published: September 2016

Observing in school structural designs reviews that students had little conceptual command of Statics, and considering that this was due to the implementation of linear solutions of rote-learning type, there was an effort to establish an educational proposal to raise the level of such knowledge among students. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the educational impact achieved with the implementation of an educational instrument designed according to the sequence established in the TADIR protocol, and complemented with thoughtful activities to organize knowledge to prepare a presentation to the group. Three stages were considered for the implementation: the first one corresponds to the assessment of the level of conceptual knowledge in statics; the second one, a problem solving carried out with the proposed instrument; and the third stage focuses on the preparation of the presentation to the group, and closes with a second conceptual evaluation. The didactic instrument was applied in a group of 23 students from an intermediate level of Architect Engineer studies at the Superior School of Engineering and Architecture (ESIAT) of the National Polytechnic Institute (IPN) in Mexico. To measure the educational impact, the results were compared with the two conceptual evaluations conducted by using questionnaires that allow answers written within an established format to facilitate the codification and the corresponding analysis, and it was contrasted with school grades for better reference. The main finding was that although the increase in the conceptual command is greater than the school grading, this increase can be very important to improve the school approval rates.
Caracterización de la oferta de posgrados en relaciones internacionales en Costa Rica y a nivel internacional
Authors: Fonseca-Hernández Raúl , Cascante-Segura Carlos Humberto , Arce-Marín Yendry , Abarca-Jiménez Lizeth
Published: September 2016

The objective of this document is to analyze the factors characterizing the postgraduate programs related to the discipline of International Relations in Costa Rica, and also other international references. This paper intends to be a useful tool to observe the characteristics and approaches of teaching this discipline in Costa Rica. In other knowledge fields, the variables described in this study can be used to perform similar analysis; likewise, students of this discipline can analyze the characteristics and approaches of the postgraduate programs offer in this area to create their own criteria. This research was conducted from December 2014 to February 2015, and it included nineteen national and nine international postgraduate programs. The information was collected from secondary sources of data retrieved from websites of each postgraduate program. The data were also collected from primary sources with telephone calls and e-mails. As a conclusion from the study, there is a relevant debate between the needs of academic rigor and the flexibility the market requests in terms of education conditions associated with the postgraduate programs.
Harmonisierung des Kartellbußgeldrechts qua effet utile?
Authors: Harnos Rafael
Published: September 2016

Den Kartellbehörden ist manche rechtliche Vorgabe ein nachvollziehbarer Graus. Gerade über das Gesellschafts- und das Umwandlungsrecht haben in den vergangenen Jahren einige Unternehmen, die – zumindest aus Sicht der Wettbewerbshüter – als Kartellanten überführt waren, sich durch innovative gesellschaftsrechtliche Gestaltungen der Bebußung entziehen können. Gegen solche Gestaltungen hat der EuGH den Kartellbehörden allerdings ein Mittel an die Hand gegeben, das so wirkt wie der Zaubertrank im kleinen gallischen Dorf: der effet utile. Das Effektivitätsgebot wird vermehrt eingesetzt, um herkömmliche dogmatische Strukturen im Sanktionsrecht der Mitgliedstaaten zu überwinden und das Kartellbußgeldrecht an die flexible europäische Rechtslage anzugleichen. Der Beitrag untersucht diese Harmonisierungstendenzen hin zum einheitlichen Kartellordnungswidrigkeitenrecht kritisch und legt dar, dass der derzeit inflationäre Gebrauch des effet utile die Grenzen des rechtlich Zulässigen überschritten hat.
Karolingų renesansas: mokyklos ir ugdymo bruožai
Authors: Stančienė Dalia Marija , Žilionis Juozas
Published: September 2016

Karolingų renesansas - specifinė istorijos atkarpa, siejusi ir savitai transformavusi antikos ir viduramžių švietėjišką bei kultūros paveldą, naujai traktavusi mokyklos ir ugdančiojo mokymo idėją. Šiuo laikotarpiu, kai kultūra iš Britų salų kėlėsi į Frankų imperijos teritoriją, svarbų vaidmenį suvaidino Biskopo (Biscop), Bedos Garbingojo (Venerable) bei Alkuino (Alcuin) teorinis ir praktiškasis pedagoginis palikimas, pagrįstas mokyklų steigimu ir realaus pedagoginio proceso konstravimo sudėtingumu. Tai buvo naujas žvilgsnis į patį žmogų, pasaulio suvokimą ir žmogaus vietą kosmoso erdvėje. Straipsnyje išryškinama septynių laisvųjų menų svarba ugdant asmenybę, formuojant protingą ir dorovingą žmogų. Analizuojami kai kurių Palatine mokyklos vadovėlių turinio ypatumai, atskleidžiantys mokymo principus ir tikslus. Aptariami Karolingų renesanso kultūros ir mokyklos aspektai bei pagrindinės žmogaus lavinimo idėjos, besiremiančios sokratiškosios didaktikos metodu.
Jaunuolių dvasingumo šiuolaikinės kaitos tendencijos
Authors: Aramavičiūtė Vanda
Published: September 2016

Straipsnyje pirmiausia iškeliamas kultūros ir globalizacijos sąsajų dialektikos klausimas. Taip pat siekiama atskleisti globalizacijos tyrėjų ir kultūrologų požiūrį į globalizuotos kultūros poveikį žmonių santykiams kaip jų dvasingumo išraiškai. Šiuo požiūriu aptariamos naujos tarpininkaujamojo bendravimo formos ir jų galimi padariniai asmens dvasiniam tapsmui. Atkreipiamas dėmesys ir į emancipacijos bei individualizmo įtaką žmonių santykių raidai. Apibrėžus dvasingumą kaip autentišką asmens ir pasaulio santykį, grindžiamą aukščiausiomis vertybėmis, apibūdinami mokinių dvasingumo kaitos ypatumai, pasireiškiantys ankstyvoje jaunystėje. Kadangi santykių kokybę rodo ir nulemia internalizuotos dvasinės vertybės, tai straipsnyje lyginamuoju aspektu pateikiama informacija apie kognityvų vertybių internalizacijos lygmenį ir jo kaitos tendencijas, užfiksuotas 1998, 2001 ir 2005 metais.
Ugdymo aplinkos tobulinimas ergonominėmis priemonėmis
Authors: Poderienė Giedrė
Published: September 2016

Moderniai ugdymo aplinkai kurti ir tobulinti nemažai dėmesio skiriama įgyvendinant šalies švietimo reformą ir mokyklų plėtrą. Tačiau tiek edukologijos literatūroje, tiek pedagoginėje praktikoje pasigendama sistemingesnių vertinimų, susijusių su modernios ugdymo aplinkos tikslais, struktūra, vertinimo kriterijais, tobulinimo principais ir nuostatomis. Straipsnyje analizuojamas požiūris į ugdymo aplinkos kūrimą ir tobulinimą ergonominėmis priemonėmis. Pateikiami vykdyto mokinių darbo vietų komponavimo kabinete eksperimento rezultatai, jų analizė ir siūlymai.
Švietimo kaitos mikrokontekstas: pedagogų prisitaikymas ir pasipriešinimas
Authors: Šidlauskienė Virginija
Published: September 2016

Visų tipų bendrojo lavinimo mokyklų pedagogų prisitaikymas prie kaitos ir inovacijų sklaida kaip eksplicitinė asmeninė prielaida, lemia socialinės realybės, žinių visuomenės kūrimo pokyčius. Straipsnyje pristatomi pedagogų reagavimo į pokyčius, adaptyvumo, naujovių įdiegimo ir sklaidos, remiantis penkiapakopiu inovacijų taikymo modeliu, tyrimo rezultatai ir jų interpretavimas, ypač gilinantis į negatyvios mokytojų reakcijos, kaip pasipriešinimo švietimo praktikos permainoms, priežastis.
Aplanko metodas studijuojant specialybės užsienio kalbą vykstant paradigmų kaitai
Authors: Burkšaitienė Nijolė
Published: September 2016

Straipsnyje pateikiama mokymosi visą gyvenimą paradigmos samprata. Pagrindžiamas savireguliavimu pagrįsto mokymosi metodo - aplanko metodo - aktualumas universitetinėse studijose vykstant paradigmų kaitai. Aptariami tyrimo, skirto mokymosi aplanko poveikio analizei besimokančiųjų pasiekimams ir pasitenkinimui savo rezultatais studijuojant specialybės užsienio kalbą, rezultatai.
Būsimųjų anglų kalbos mokytojų požiūris į savarankišką darbą kaip vieną iš universitetinių studijų sudedamųjų dalių
Authors: Bagdonavičiūtė Jovita , Trapnauskienė Jurgita
Published: September 2016

Pastarųjų metų žinių visuomenės keliami iššūkiai ir mokymosi visą gyvenimą poreikis kelia vis naujų reikalavimų švietimo kokybei. Visais švietimo lygmenimis ir visose pakopose ypatingas dėmesys skiriamas pagrindinių gebėjimų, iš jų ir mokymosi mokytis, kompetencijų ugdymo(si) ir studentų savarankiško mokymosi, plėtojimui(si). Universitete studentų savarankiškas darbas laikomas veiksminga priemone rengiant juos savarankiškai mokytis studijų metu ir visą gyvenimą. Straipsnyje analizuojami Lietuvos edukologijos universitete 2015 metais atlikto tyrimo, kuriame dalyvavo 89 anglų filologijos bakalauro studijų programos studentai, rezultatai. Tyrimu buvo siekiama išsiaiškinti studentų požiūrį į savarankišką darbą, jų nuomonę apie savarankiškoms užduotims atlikti reikalingus gebėjimus, savarankiško darbo būtinybę universitetinėse studijose ir pasitenkinimą pasiektais savarankiško darbo rezultatais. Tyrimo metu respondentai nurodė daugybę gebėjimų, kurie būtini sėkmingai atlikti savarankiško darbo užduotis universitetinių studijų metu ir kurie kaip esminiai nurodomi ir dokumentuose, reguliuojančiuose švietimą Europos aukštojo mokslo erdvėje. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė iš esmės teigiamą studentų požiūrį į šią jų akademinio darbo dalį.
Facebook kaip anglų kalbos mokymo universitete priemonė
Authors: Šliogerienė Jolita , Masoodi Marjan , Gulbinskienė Dalia
Published: September 2016

Šis tyrimas įvertina santykinį Facebook, vieno iš populiariausių socialinių tinklų, veiksmingumą, formuojant EFL studentų anglų kalbos įgūdžius universitete, skatinant studentų savarankiškumą ir metakognityvų sąmoningumą. Siekiant šio tikslo, pirmo kurso studentams, pasirinkusiems profesinės anglų kalbos kursą universitete, buvo pateiktas klausimynas, tiriantis jų nuomonę apie Facebook naudą gerinant kalbinius įgūdžius, besimokančiųjų motyvaciją, pasitikėjimą savimi, savarankiškumą mokantis anglų kalbos. Straipsnyje apibrėžiamos metakognityvaus sąmoningumo, besimokančiųjų autonomijos sąvokos ir analizuojami socialinių tinklų pranašumai, studijuojant užsienio kalbą. Tyrimas atskleidė, kad bendraudami Facebook socialiniame tinkle besimokantieji gerina savo kalbinius gebėjimus, skatina savo metakognityvų informuotumą ir savarankiškumą.
Oficialusis ir neoficialusis diskursas: matoma ir nematoma mokyklos kultūra
Authors: Nagrockaitė Šarūnė
Published: September 2016

Šiame straipsnyje pristatoma mokyklos kultūra, kurią siekiama atpažinti iš jos diskurso. Koncentruojamasi į oficialųjį ir neoficialųjį diskursą kaip mokyklos kultūros išraišką. Straipsnyje, analizuojant diskursą, siekiama identifikuoti mokyklos kultūrinę išraišką remiantis skirtingomis jos grupėmis (mokyklos administracijos, mokytojų ir mokinių). Remiamasi P. J. Gee (2011) diskurso iš didžiosios raidės „D“ ir mažosios „d“ perskyra, kuri žymi oficialųjį ir neoficialųjį diskursą. Oficialiuoju diskursu laikoma viskas, kas apibrėžia ir padaro atpažįstamą socialinę grupę. Oficialusis diskursas priklauso dominuojančiai socialinei grupei, kuri atsakinga už šio diskurso išsaugojimą. Tai išreiškiama įvairiais dominuojančios socialinės grupės tapatumą ir reprezentatyvumą kuriančiais būdais. Diskursas iš mažosios „d“ papildo, išplečia arba keičia oficialųjį diskursą, kurdamas naują, kitokį, neoficialų diskursą (Gee, 2010). Diskursas iš mažosios „d“ neturi tiesioginės reprezentacinės funkcijos, tačiau jis gali papildyti oficialųjį diskursą arba jam prieštarauti, jį kritikuoti. Analizuojant diskursą remiamasi ne tik sociolingvistinės diskurso analizės tyrėjo P. J. Gee (2010, 2011, 2013) idėjomis, bet ir kritinės diskurso analizės atstovais N. Fairclough (2010, 2013), M. Foucault (1998). Straipsnio pagrindinis analizės šaltinis 2014–2015 m. kokybinio empirinio tyrimo duomenys, kuriais buvo tiriama mokyklos kultūra įvairiais pjūviais (erdvės, laiko, artefaktų, ritualų ir diskurso kaip komunikacijos).
Mokytojas kaip esminis mokymosi kokybės veiksnys: asmeninių priemonių plotmė
Authors: Martišauskienė Elvyda
Published: September 2016

Straipsnyje keliama mokymosi kokybės tobulinimo pedagoginėmis priemonėmis problema. Aptariama, kokį poveikį mokymosi kokybei daro mokinio ir mokytojo asmeninių galių lygis, jų susipynimas, suponuojantis kitų galimų priemonių efektyvų naudojimą ir naujų kūrimą. Analizuojama, kaip mokytojo asmeninis potencialas skleidžiasi daugiausia pripažintomis „priemonėmis“: pedagogine galia, pedagogine meile, humoru, taktu ir optimizmu. Straipsnis grindžiamas mokslinės literatūros analize, patirtimi, tyrimais.
Vaikų, lankančių dienos centrą, socialinio darbuotojo autoriteto suvokimas
Authors: Grudulaitė Lina
Published: September 2016

Šiame moksliniame straipsnyje atskleidžiama socialinių darbuotojų autoriteto kritiško vertinimo svarba. Išsamiai aptariama autoriteto problema ir įvairios reikšmės, priskiriamos vaikų dienos centro socialinio darbuotojo vaidmeniui. Įvardijamos pagrindinės autoriteto sąvokos ir aptariamos įvairios dilemos, susijusios su socialinio darbuotojo autoritetu profesinėje praktikoje. Taip pat atskleidžiama teikiamo tyrimo praktinė ir teorinė vertė, pristatomi įvairūs teoriniai autoriteto sąvokos aiškinimai ir aptariama autoriteto įtaka socialinio darbo praktikai vaikų dienos centruose. Straipsnyje detaliai diskutuojami empiriniai vaikų dienos centro X atvejo kokybinio tyrimo duomenys ir pristatoma, kaip vaikų dienos centrą lankantys vaikai supranta šiame centre dirbančių socialinių darbuotojų autoritetą, kokias sudedamąsias dalis priskiria jų autoritetui, kokias vaikai įvardija autoritetingo socialinio darbuotojo savybes ir būdus, kaip tapti autoritetingu socialiniu darbuotoju. Tirto vaikų dienos centro atvejo kontekstas detaliai aprašomas ir pristatomi naudoti tyrimo metodai. Be to, pateikiama išsami ir iliustruota tyrimo duomenų analizė, kuri atskleidžia, kaip apklausti vaikai supranta dirbančio vaikų dienos centre socialinio darbuotojo autoritetą, kokias socialinių darbuotojų savybes labiausiai vertina. Straipsnyje pristatomos tyrimo išvados, kurios apibendrina pagrindinius socialinio darbuotojo autoriteto, vaikų dienos centrą lankančių vaikų akimis, tyrimo atradimus, atskleidžiama, kad vaikai vertina ne tik santykius su socialiniu darbuotoju, bet ir jo kompetenciją ir pedagogines žinias, gebėjimą mokyti. Vaikai taip pat atskleidė bendradarbiavimo su savo tėvais svarbą ir kaip tai gali padidinti socialinių darbuotojų, dirbančių vaikų dienos centre, autoritetą. Tyrimo duomenys gali praturtinti teorines ir praktines žinias apie autoriteto vaidmenį socialinio darbo praktikoje ir jais remiantis būtų galima gerinti konkrečios įstaigos darbo kokybę ir stiprinti darbuotojų autoritetą.