bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Boratrane Complexes of Late Transition Metals
Authors: Saha Koushik , Ramalakshmi Rongala , Borthakur Rosmita , Gomosta Suman , Pathak Kriti , Dorcet Vincent , Roisnel Thierry , Halet Jean‐François , Ghosh Sundargopal
Published: September 2017

In a quest for efficient precursors for the synthesis of boratrane complexes of late transition metals, we have developed a useful synthetic method using [L′M(μ‐Cl)Clx]2 as precursors (L′=η6‐p‐cymene, M=Ru, x=1; L′=COD, M=Rh, x=0 and L′=Cp*, M=Ir or Rh, x=1; COD=1,5‐cyclooctadiene, Cp*=η5‐C5Me5). For example, treatment of Na[(H3B)bbza] or Na[(H2B)mp2] (bbza=bis(benzothiazol‐2‐yl)amine; mp=2‐mercaptopyridyl) with [L′M(μ‐Cl)Clx]2 yielded [(η6‐p‐cymene)RuBH{(NCSC6H4)(NR)}2] (2; R=NCSC6H4), [{N(NCSC6H4)2}RhBH{(NCSC6H4)(NR)}2] (3; R=NCS‐C6H4), [(η6‐p‐cymene)RuBH(L)2] (5; L=C5H4NS), and [Cp*MBH(L)2] (6 and 7; L=C5H4NS, M=Ir or Rh). In order to delineate the significance of the ligands, we studied the reactivity of [(COD)Rh(μ‐Cl)]2 with Na[(H3B)bbza], which led to the formation of the isomeric agostic complexes [(η4‐COD)Rh(μ‐H)BHRh(C14H8N3S2)3], 4 a and 4 b, in parallel to the formation of 16‐electron square‐pyramidal rhodaboratrane complex 3. Compounds 4 a and 4 b show two different geometries, in which the Rh−B bonds are shorter than in the reported Rh agostic complexes. The new compounds have been characterized in solution by various spectroscopic analyses, and their structural arrangements have been unequivocally established by crystallographic analyses. DFT calculations provide useful insights regarding the stability of these metallaboratrane complexes as well as their M→B bonding interactions.
Thieno‐Fused Subporphyrazines: A New Class of Light Harvesters
Authors: Gotfredsen Henrik , Storm Freja Eilsø , Muñoz Alberto Viñas , Santella Marco , Kadziola Anders , Hammerich Ole , Mikkelsen Kurt V. , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted
Published: September 2017

Boron subphthalocyanines comprised of three isoindole units bridged by aza‐linkages are attractive light harvesters on account of their intense low‐energy absorptions. Herein, we present a class of related compounds, in which one or two isoindole units are substituted for thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole units – thieno‐fused subporphyrazines. Such changes have remarkable consequences for the optical properties, as was revealed by combined experimental and theoretical studies. Thus, we find that the lowest‐energy absorptions cover a much broader region with a significantly redshifted end‐absorption and without compromising the absorption intensities. Thieno‐fused subporphyrazines also underwent more readily oxidation and reduction, indicating an increased HOMO energy and decreased LUMO energy. In addition, they were found to readily co‐crystallize with Buckminsterfullerene, C60. Altogether, these findings render this new class of chromophores attractive candidates for light‐harvesting applications.
(R‐X‐R)4‐Motif Peptides Containing Conformationally Constrained Cyclohexane‐Derived Spacers: Effect on Cellular Uptake
Authors: Bhosle Govind S. , Fernandes Moneesha
Published: September 2017

Arginine‐rich peptides having the (R‐X‐R)n motif are among the most effective cell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs). Herein we report a several‐fold increase in the efficacy of such CPPs if the linear flexible spacer (‐X‐) in the (R‐X‐R) motif is replaced by constrained cyclic 1,4‐substituted‐cyclohexane‐derived spacers. Internalization of these oligomers in mammalian cell lines was found to be an energy‐dependent process. Incorporation of these constrained, non‐proteinogenic amino acid spacers in the CPPs is shown to enhance their proteolytic stability.
Serum antibodies open the door to prediction and prognostication in human papillomavirus–related head and neck cancer
Authors: Sacco Assuntina G. , Cohen Ezra E.
Published: September 2017

In human papillomavirus–related head and neck cancer, who can be de‐escalated, and who requires more intensive therapy to achieve similar oncologic efficacy? The answers may very well be circulating in saliva and serum.

See also pages 4382‐90.
Decline in the acute insulin response in relationship to plasma glucose concentrations
Authors: Heinitz Sascha , Piaggi Paolo , Bogardus Clifton , Krakoff Jonathan
Published: September 2017

Background

To investigate (1) whether the decline in acute insulin response (AIR) precedes or coincides with defined glucose regulation categories and whether acute insulin response decline varies by race and adiposity, (2) linearity of the relationship between acute insulin response and increasing plasma glucose concentrations, (3) longitudinal changes in acute insulin response accounting for changes in insulin action across categories of glucose tolerance.

Methods

Clinical cross‐sectional and longitudinal study of nondiabetic subjects. Inpatient assessment of oral glucose tolerance (2‐h PG, fasting PG), and acute insulin response (intravenous glucose tolerance test) in 326 and 84 Native Americans of full and ≤6/8th Southwestern heritage, respectively, and 115 Whites. Linearity of acute insulin response vs plasma glucose concentrations investigated using spline analyses. Follow‐up (average = 2.07 years) glucose tolerance, acute insulin response, and insulin action (hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp) assessed in 230 full Native Americans.

Results

In certain groups, the relationship between acute insulin response and increasing plasma glucose levels was non‐linear. In all groups, acute insulin response decline preceded the cut‐offs for traditional glucose regulation categories, although the timing with respect to increasing plasma glucose varied by race and adiposity. Longitudinal data indicated that improvement in insulin action is the key factor to preserve insulin secretion, underlying the reversion of glucose tolerance in prediabetic individuals.

Conclusions

With worsening insulin action, the decline in insulin secretion occurred prior to current diagnostic guidelines for impaired glucose regulation. However, the relationship between acute insulin response and increasing plasma glucose varies and was not always non‐linear. Understanding the dynamics of this relationship may determine when to initiate preventive pharmacotherapy directed at the preservation of β‐cell failure.
Invertebrate community response to coarse woody debris removal for bioenergy production from intensively managed forests
Authors: Grodsky Steven M. , Moorman Christopher E. , Fritts Sarah R. , Campbell Joshua W. , Sorenson Clyde E. , Bertone Matthew A. , Castleberry Steven B. , Wigley T. Bently
Published: September 2017

Increased market viability of harvest residues as forest bioenergy feedstock may escalate removal of coarse woody debris in managed forests. Meanwhile, many forest invertebrates use coarse woody debris for cover, food, and reproduction. Few studies have explicitly addressed effects of operational‐scale woody biomass harvesting on invertebrates following clearcutting. Therefore, we measured invertebrate community response to large‐scale harvest residue removal and micro‐site manipulations of harvest residue availability in recently clearcut, intensively managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) forests in North Carolina (NC;n = 4) and Georgia (GA;n = 4),USA. We captured 39,794 surface‐active invertebrates representing 171 taxonomic groups using pitfall traps situated among micro‐site locations (i.e., purposefully retained piles of hardwood stems and piles of conifer stems and areas without coarse woody debris inNC; windrows and no windrows inGA). Micro‐site locations were located within six, large‐scale treatments (7.16–14.3 ha) in clearcuts. Large‐scale treatments represented intensive harvest residue removal, 15% and 30% harvest residue retention, and no harvest residue removal. InNC, ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) were three times more abundant in treatments with no harvest residue removal than those with the most intensive harvest residue removal and were reduced in treatments that retained 15% or 30% of harvest residues, although not significantly. Invertebrate taxa richness was greater at micro‐site locations with retained hardwood and pine (Pinusspp.) harvest residues than those with minimal amounts of coarse woody debris. In both states, relative abundances of several invertebrate taxa, including cave crickets (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae), fungus gnats (Diptera: Mycetophilidae and Sciaridae), millipedes (Diplopoda), and wood roaches (Blattodea: Ectobiidae), were greater at micro‐site locations with retained harvest residues than those with minimal coarse woody debris. Intensified woody biomass harvesting without retention of ≥15% of harvest residue volume may reduce invertebrate taxa richness and abundances of some key invertebrate taxa in regenerating stands. Further, harvest residue management during and after woody biomass harvesting may be an important consideration for maintaining invertebrate diversity and conserving invertebrates that are influential in the maintenance of ecosystem function and integrity in young forests.
Selection of reference genes for qRT‐PCR and expression analysis of high‐altitude‐related genes in grassland caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Gynaephora) along an altitude gradient
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Qi‐Lin , Wang Xiao‐Tong , Yang Xing‐Zhuo , Li Xiao‐Peng , Yuan Ming‐Long
Published: September 2017

Changes in gene expression patterns can reflect the adaptation of organisms to divergent environments. Quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) is an important tool for ecological adaptation studies at the gene expression level. The quality of the results of qRT‐PCR analysis largely depends on the availability of reliable reference genes (RGs). To date, reliable RGs have not been determined for adaptive evolution studies in insects using a standard approach. Here, we evaluated the reliability of 17 candidate RGs for five Gynaephora populations inhabiting various altitudes of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) using four independent (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and the deltaCt method) and one comprehensive (RefFinder) algorithms. Our results showed that EF1‐α, RPS15, and RPS13 were the top three most suitable RGs, and a combination of these three RGs was the most optimal for normalization. Conversely, RPS2, ACT, and RPL27 were the most unstable RGs. The expression profiles of two target genes (HSP70 and HSP90) were used to confirm the reliability of the chosen RGs. Additionally, the expression patterns of four other genes (GPI, HIF1A, HSP20, and USP) associated with adaptation to extreme environments were assessed to explore the adaptive mechanisms of TP Gynaephora species to divergent environments. Each of these six target genes showed discrepant expression patterns among the five populations, suggesting that the observed expression differences may be associated with the local adaptation of Gynaephora to divergent altitudinal environments. This study is a useful resource for studying the adaptive evolution of TP Gynaephora to divergent environments using qRT‐PCR, and it also acts as a guide for selecting suitable RGs for ecological and evolutionary studies in insects.
A comprehensive population‐based characterization of heart failure with mid‐range ejection fraction
Authors: Koh Angela S. , Tay Wan Ting , Teng Tiew Hwa Katherine , Vedin Ola , Benson Lina , Dahlstrom Ulf , Savarese Gianluigi , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Lund Lars H.
Published: September 2017

Aims

Clinical features and outcomes in the novel phenotype heart failure with mid‐range ejection fraction [HFmrEF, ejection fraction (EF) 40–49%] were compared with heart failure with reduced EF (HFrEF, EF <40%) and preserved EF (HFpEF, EF ≥50%).

Methods and results

In the Swedish Heart Failure Registry, we assessed the association between baseline characteristics and EF group using multivariable logistic regressions, and the association between EF group and all‐cause mortality using multivariable Cox regressions. Of 42 061 patients, 56% had HFrEF, 21% had HFmrEF, and 23% had HFpEF. Characteristics were continuous for age (72 ± 12 vs. 74 ± 12 vs. 77 ± 11 years), proportion of women (29% vs. 39% vs. 55%), and 13 other characteristics. Coronary artery disease (CAD) was distinctly more common in HFrEF (54%) and HFmrEF (53%) vs. HFpEF (42%); adjusted odds ratio for CAD in HFmrEF vs. HFpEF was 1.52 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.41–1.63]. For six additional characteristics HFmrEF resembled HFrEF, for seven characteristics HFmrEF resembled HFpEF, and for 10 characteristics there was no pattern. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for mortality in HFrEF vs. HFpEF was 1.35 (95% CI 1.14–1.60) at 30 days, 1.26 (95% CI 1.17–1.35) at 1 year, and 1.20 (95% CI 1.14–1.26) at 3 years. In contrast, HFmrEF and HFpEF had a similar prognosis (HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.86–1.30 at 30 days; HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00–1.18 at 1 year; and HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00–1.12 at 3 years). Three‐year mortality was higher in HFmrEF than in HFpEF in the presence of CAD (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.02–1.21), but not in the absence of CAD (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.94–1.12; P for interaction <0.001).

Conclusions

HFmrEF was an intermediate phenotype, except that CAD was more common in HFmrEF and HFrEF vs. HFpEF, crude all‐cause mortality was lower in HFmrEF and HFrEF, adjusted all‐cause mortality was lower in HFmrEF and HFpEF, and CAD portended a higher adjusted risk of death in HFmrEF and HFrEF.
Resting and exercise haemodynamics in relation to six‐minute walk test in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Wolsk Emil , Kaye David , Borlaug Barry A. , Burkhoff Daniel , Kitzman Dalane W. , Komtebedde Jan , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Ponikowski Piotr , Shah Sanjiv J. , Gustafsson Finn
Published: September 2017

Aims

Patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are characterized by functional impairment and an abnormal haemodynamic response to exercise. The six‐minute walk test (6MWT) serves as a standardized test for functional capacity quantification in heart failure patients, and is associated with cardiovascular outcomes. However, as the association between 6MWT and haemodynamic parameters during rest and exercise in HFpEF patients is unknown, we sought to elucidate this relationship.

Methods and results

Overall, 64 patients enrolled in the REDUCE LAP‐HF trial completed a 6MWT at baseline. Univariate and multivariable linear regression models were used to assess the associations between 6MWT and measured or derived haemodynamic variables at baseline, during light/moderate exercise (20 W), and at peak supine exercise. The average 6MWT distance was 318 ± 106 m. At rest, in a multivariable model, only pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) was significantly associated with 6MWT [coefficient: –5.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) –10.4, –0.5, P = 0.033]. During light/moderate exercise, mean pulmonary artery pressure was associated with 6MWT in a multivariable model (coefficient: –3.5, 95% CI –6.8, –0.3, P = 0.033). During peak exercise, central venous pressure, cardiac index (CI), and PCWP/CI correlated with 6MWT; however, workload corrected PCWP was the only variable independently associated with 6MWT (coefficient: –0.8, 95% CI –1.3, –0.4, P < 0.001). The variance in 6MWT was modestly explained by measured or derived haemodynamic variables at rest or at any stage of exercise (r2 = 7–17%).

Conclusion

Workload corrected PCWP correlated best with 6MWT performance in HFpEF patients. Baseline haemodynamic variables were modestly correlated with 6MWT, suggesting that 6MWT performance in HFpEF patients may be significantly influenced by extra‐cardiac factors.
Prognostic value of circulating microRNAs on heart failure‐related morbidity and mortality in two large diverse cohorts of general heart failure patients
Authors: Bayés‐Genis Antoni , Lanfear David E. , de Ronde Maurice W.J. , Lupón Josep , Leenders Joost J. , Liu Zhen , Zuithoff Nicolaas P.A. , Eijkemans Marinus J.C. , Zamora Elisabet , De Antonio Marta , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , Pinto‐Sietsma Sara‐Joan , Pinto Yigal M.
Published: September 2017

Aims

Small studies suggested circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers for heart failure (HF). However, standardized approaches and quality assessment for measuring circulating miRNAs are not uniformly established, and most studies have been small, so that results are inconsistent. We used a standardized data handling protocol, optimized for circulating miRNA qPCRs to remove noise and used it to assess which circulating miRNAs robustly add prognostic information in patients with HF.

Methods and results

We measured 12 miRNAs in two independent cohorts totalling 2203 subjects. Cohort I (Barcelona) comprised 834 chronic HF patients. Cohort II (Detroit) comprised 1369 chronic HF patients. Each sample was measured in duplicate, and normalized to a very abundant and stable miRNA (miR‐486‐5p). We used a multistep algorithm to distinguish false amplification signals and thus classify each miRNA measurement as ‘valid’, ‘undetectable’ or ‘invalid’. Higher levels of miR‐1254 and miR‐1306‐5p were significantly associated with risk of the combined endpoint of all‐cause mortality and HF hospitalization in both cohorts, with hazard ratios ranging from 1.11 to 1.21 per log increase (P‐values 0.004 to 0.009). However, adding these miRNAs to established predictors (age, sex, haemoglobin, renal function, and NT‐proBNP) did not further augment the c‐statistic beyond 0.69 (cohort I) or 0.70 (cohort II).

Conclusion

We used a stringent quality assessment for miRNA testing, and were able to replicate the association of miR‐1254 and miR‐1306‐5p with risk of death and HF hospitalization in HF patients of two independent cohorts. However, these two circulating miRNAs failed to improve prognostication over established predictors.
Multiparametric prognostic scores in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a long‐term comparison
Authors: Agostoni Piergiuseppe , Paolillo Stefania , Mapelli Massimo , Gentile Piero , Salvioni Elisabetta , Veglia Fabrizio , Bonomi Alice , Corrà Ugo , Lagioia Rocco , Limongelli Giuseppe , Sinagra Gianfranco , Cattadori Gaia , Scardovi Angela B. , Metra Marco , Carubelli Valentina , Scrutinio Domenico , Raimondo Rosa , Emdin Michele , Piepoli Massimo , Magrì Damiano , Parati Gianfranco , Caravita Sergio , Re Federica , Cicoira Mariantonietta , Minà Chiara , Correale Michele , Frigerio Maria , Bussotti Maurizio , Oliva Fabrizio , Battaia Elisa , Belardinelli Romualdo , Mezzani Alessandro , Pastormerlo Luigi , Guazzi Marco , Badagliacca Roberto , Di Lenarda Andrea , Passino Claudio , Sciomer Susanna , Zambon Elena , Pacileo Giuseppe , Ricci Roberto , Apostolo Anna , Palermo Pietro , Contini Mauro , Clemenza Francesco , Marchese Giovanni , Gargiulo Paola , Binno Simone , Lombardi Carlo , Passantino Andrea , Filardi Pasquale Perrone
Published: September 2017

Aims

Risk stratification in heart failure (HF) is crucial for clinical and therapeutic management. A multiparametric approach is the best method to stratify prognosis. In 2012, the Metabolic Exercise test data combined with Cardiac and Kidney Indexes (MECKI) score was proposed to assess the risk of cardiovascular mortality and urgent heart transplantation. The aim of the present study was to compare the prognostic accuracy of MECKI score to that of HF Survival Score (HFSS) and Seattle HF Model (SHFM) in a large, multicentre cohort of HF patients with reduced ejection fraction.

Methods and results

We collected data on 6112 HF patients and compared the prognostic accuracy of MECKI score, HFSS, and SHFM at 2‐ and 4‐year follow‐up for the combined endpoint of cardiovascular death, urgent cardiac transplantation, or ventricular assist device implantation. Patients were followed up for a median of 3.67 years, and 931 cardiovascular deaths, 160 urgent heart transplantations, and 12 ventricular assist device implantations were recorded. At 2‐year follow‐up, the prognostic accuracy of MECKI score was significantly superior [area under the curve (AUC) 0.781] to that of SHFM (AUC 0.739) and HFSS (AUC 0.723), and this relationship was also confirmed at 4 years (AUC 0.764, 0.725, and 0.720, respectively).

Conclusion

In this cohort, the prognostic accuracy of the MECKI score was superior to that of HFSS and SHFM at 2‐ and 4‐year follow‐up in HF patients in stable clinical condition. The MECKI score may be useful to improve resource allocation and patient outcome, but prospective evaluation is needed.
Structure‐ and Temperature‐Dependent Luminescence Properties of Threefold Interpenetrated Networks: Coordination Polymers Based on Dinuclear Gridlike Silver(I) Units
Authors: Zhan Shun‐Ze , Song Huan‐Quan , Guo Liu‐Jun , Sun Raymond Wai‐Yin , Li Dan
Published: September 2017

Dinuclear gridlike AgI structural units (1) based on (3‐pyridyl)‐5‐R‐pyrazole ligands are extended from oligomers (R = phenyl) to three threefold interpenetrated 3D coordination polymers (R = 3‐pyridyl) with cds‐a (augmented CdSO4) networks (2‐NO3, 2‐ClO4, 2‐BF4) linked through multiple supramolecular interactions (Ag–ligand, Ag–anion, Ag···Ag, and π–π interactions). The photoemission intensities of 2‐NO3, 2‐ClO4, and 2‐BF4 exhibit linear variations with temperature over large temperature ranges in the solid state with different sensitivities, which are tentatively attributed to these multiple supramolecular interactions, especially the enhanced Ag···Ag interactions. These complexes are potential candidates for applications in temperature‐sensing devices.
Controllable Synthesis, Polymorphism and Structure‐Dependent Photoluminescence Properties of Europium Oxyfluorides
Authors: Wen Ting , Zhou Yannan , Yang Baocheng , Wang Yonggang
Published: September 2017

Functional materials that show polymorphism are essential for comparative studies of fundamental structure–property relationships. As a pre‐requisite, the establishment of phase‐controllable synthetic strategies are especially significant, but still a great challenge at present. We report herein a controllable fluorination route to europium oxyfluorides having various crystal structures, namely, orthorhombic (O), monoclinic (M) and rhombohedral (R) EuOF. This facile fluorination method starts from commercial europium oxide, utilizing poly(tetrafluoroethylene) as the fluorinating agent, and the phase selectivity could be easily achieved by varying the fluorination temperature and Eu/F ratios. The phase evolution and crystal structures of O‐, M‐ and R‐EuOF were characterized by ex situ powder X‐ray diffraction at different temperatures and Eu/F ratios. Thus, in this way, the crystalline structures of O‐ and M‐EuOF were established for the first time by Rietveld refinement. The steady‐state and transient photoluminescence properties of O‐, M‐ and R‐EuOF were also studied comparatively and related to their structural features. Despite their similar components, the three EuOF phases exhibit distinct excitation and emission profiles due to subtle divergences in their local structures. Exceptional transition lines were observed for M‐EuOF that correspond to energy‐transfer processes favoured by its local structural features. These results suggest future lines of investigations of structure–property relationships of functional materials and the rational design of better lanthanide phosphors.
High‐Performance Supercapacitor Afforded by a High‐Connected Keggin‐Based 3D Coordination Polymer
Authors: Wang Guangning , Chen Tingting , Wang Xinming , Ma Huiyuan , Pang Haijun
Published: September 2017

A new coordination polymer, [Ag5(brtmb)4][VW10V2O40] [1, brtmb = 1‐bromo‐4‐(1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene], has been synthesized by a hydrothermal method. Its structure was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and further characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, bond valence sum (BVS) analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and powder X‐ray diffraction. Each of the [VW10V2O40]5– clusters in polymer 1 acts as an octadentate connector, connecting with eight silver–brtmb subunits to generate a three‐dimensional structure. When employed as as the electrode material in supercapacitors, compound 1 showed remarkable electrochemical performances with a high capacitance of 13.3 mF cm–2 at 0.5 mA (206 F g–1 at 110 A g–1) and good cycling ability at various currents up to 2.0 mA (440 A g–1) with 81.7 % of the initial capacitance remaining after 1000 cycles. The above results reveal that polyoxometalate‐based hybrid coordination polymers may be a new‐generation alternative electrode material for high‐performance electrochemical capacitors.
Copper‐Catalyzed Carbonyl Group Controlled Coupling of Isatin Oximes with Arylboronic Acids To Prepare N‐Aryloxindole Nitrones
Authors: Mo Xue‐Ling , Chen Chun‐Hua , Liang Cui , Mo Dong‐Liang
Published: September 2017

A variety of (E)‐N‐aryloxindole nitrones were prepared in good to excellent yields by using a copper‐catalyzed coupling reaction of isatin oximes and arylboronic acids under mild conditions. Various arylboronic acids that contain sensitive functional groups were tolerated in the transformation, and detailed studies show that the carbonyl group of the isatin oximes serves as a ligand to control the formation of the (E)‐oxindole nitrones. This method to prepare (E)‐N‐aryloxindole nitrones was easily performed on a gram scale and efficiently used to synthesize estrone‐derived oxindole nitrone in high yield.
Attentional control and the competition between nonpain goals and the threat of pain
Authors: Karsdorp P.A. , Schrooten M.G.S. , Geenen R.
Published: September 2017

Background

Fully understanding attention to pain requires taking into account the motivational context. Both pain‐ and (nonpain) goal‐related information attracts attention. An intriguing question is which attentional bias prevails when pain‐ and goal‐related information co‐occurs? Reduced attentional bias towards pain‐ and goal‐related information was predicted when the other competing information was presented simultaneously. Moreover, trait attentional control was predicted to be associated with stronger attentional bias towards goal‐related information particularly in the presence of pain‐related information.

Methods

Attentional competition between pain‐ and (nonpain) goal‐related information was measured in ninety participants using a dot‐probe task presenting two stimuli (pain‐related, goal‐related or neutral) simultaneously. Reaction time was the dependent variable. Dot‐probe trials alternated with goal trials to induce a temporary goal. Trait attentional control was measured with the attentional control scale.

Results

For pain‐related neutral stimulus pairs, participants responded fastest when probes appeared on the same, compared to the opposite, location as the pain‐related stimulus. For pain‐goal‐related stimulus pairs, responses were fastest when probes appeared on the same, compared to the opposite, location as the goal‐related stimulus. Higher trait attentional control was associated with faster responding when probes appeared on the same, compared to the opposite, location as the goal‐related stimulus. Unpredicted, this effect was irrespective of the co‐occurring stimulus (neutral vs. pain‐related).

Conclusions

The findings suggest that the unintentional allocation of attention towards events related to a temporary (nonpain) goal prevails over attentional bias to events predicting pain. Trait attentional control predicts stronger attentional allocation towards events related to a temporary goal.

Significance

These findings indicate that treatment interventions facilitating goal pursuit in patients with chronic pain are beneficial in reducing attentional biases towards pain‐related events.
New approach for the treatment of neuropathic pain: Fibroblast growth factor 1 gene‐transfected adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Forouzanfar F. , Amin B. , Ghorbani A. , Ghazavi H. , Ghasemi F. , Sadri K. , Mehri S. , Sadeghnia H.R. , Hosseinzadeh H.
Published: September 2017

Background

Neuropathic pain triggered by peripheral nerve lesion is extremely difficult to manage with current approaches, hence the importance of exploring therapeutic alternatives.

Methods

We have analysed adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD‐MSCs) and fibroblast growth factor 1 gene‐transfected adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD‐MSCs FGF1) on chronic constriction injury (CCI). The mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity were assessed using the von Frey filament, radiant heat and acetone drop tests. Histopathological and apoptotic changes and the level of FGF1, GFAP and TNFα proteins were assessed in the lumbar portion (L4–L6). Moreover, AD‐MSCs FGF1 were labelled with 99mTc ‐HMPAO and isolated organ counting were performed upon AD‐MSCs FGF1 administration.

Results

Administration of AD‐MSCs FGF1 attenuated the CCI‐induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. Spinal structural alterations and apoptosis were decreased in the AD‐MSCs FGF1 group. The injection of either phosphate‐buffered saline or normal NIH3T3 fibroblasts could not attenuate the behavioural symptoms of neuropathic pain. Increased genetically engineered cells were counted in the injured sciatic nerve and the elevated levels of FGF1 were detected in the spinal tissue. Stem cell therapy lead to decrement the level of the CCI‐induced TNF‐α and GFAP expression.

Conclusion

The intravenous administration of AD‐MSCs FGF1 could be considered as a potential remedy for the management of neuropathic pain.

Significance

AD‐MSCs FGF1 attenuated the CCI‐induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. Spinal structural alterations and apoptosis were significantly decreased in the AD‐MSCs FGF1 group. Elevated levels of FGF1 were detected in the spinal tissue.
Challenge Approach of an Inexpensive Electrochemical Sensor for Rapid Selective Determination of two Non‐classical β‐Lactams in Presence of Different Degradants and Interference Substances
Authors: Hendawy Hassan A.M. , Youssif Rania M. , Salama Nahla N. , Fayed Ahmed S. , Salem Maissa Y.
Published: September 2017

An inexpensive stability−indicating anodic voltammetric method for rapid determination of two non‐classical β‐lactam antibiotics; Meropenem (MP) and Ertapenem (EP) has been developed and validated. The method was based on the enhancement of voltammetric response at a disposable graphite pencil electrode (GPE). Differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) method was developed for quantification of both drugs in B−R buffer solution (pH 2.0) at GPE. The GPE displayed very good voltammetric behavior with significant enhancement of the peak current compared to glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Stress stability studies were performed using 0.5 M of either HCl or NaOH and H2O2. Mass and infrared spectroscopy were used for identification of degradants and their pathways were illustrated. Under optimal conditions, the peak currents showed a linear dependence with drug concentrations. The achieved limits of detection (LOD) were 1.23, 2.07 and 1.50 μM for MP and two waves of EP, respectively. The developed voltammetric method was successfully applied for direct determination of MP and EP in drug substances, pharmaceutical vials and in presence of either their corresponding hydrolytic, oxidative‐degradants or interfering substances with no potential interferences. The differential pulse voltammograms were highly advantageous and applicable in QC laboratories for rapid, selective micro‐determination of MP and EP.
The next generation of capillary electrophoresis instruments: Performance of CE‐SDS protein analysis
Authors: Kahle Julia , Maul Kai Jorrit , Wätzig Hermann
Published: September 2017

Over the last decade, capillary electrophoresis gained tremendous importance, because it became an indispensible tool for the quality control of biologics, e.g. therapeutic antibodies. Consequently, there has been a continuous development within the CE market. Microchip techniques have been established in the last years. Further trends are complete solutions for specific applications by the usage of reagent kits. Step by step instructions and facilitated handling of the instruments are becoming more common. This work focuses on the sized‐based protein analysis with CE‐SDS. The instruments CE 7100 by Agilent Technologies, LabChip® GXII Touch HT by PerkinElmer, Maurice S. by Protein Simple and PrinCE NextI870 by Prince Technologies have been evaluated, mainly analyzing protein mixtures of different molecular weights in long series. Published data of the PA 800 plus by SCIEX are also included in the tabled results. Precision, reliability, flexibility, and speed have been identified as the most important performance parameters, others such as resolution, sensitivity, linearity, ease of use and sustainability have also been considered. All tested instruments have shown an excellent performance. Depending on application and necessities, each user can find the most appropriate one.
Carbon footprint and energy analysis of bio‐CH4 from a mixture of food waste and dairy manure in Denver, Colorado
Authors: Ankathi Sharath K. , Potter James S. , Shonnard David R.
Published: September 2017

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a possible alternative to landfilling of food waste and conventional manure management in order to reduce methane emissions. We use the method of life cycle assessment in this study, and key results show that the AD Bio‐CH4 pathway has 15.5% lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared to the prior practice of composting of food waste and manure in Denver, CO. GHG emissions for Bio‐CH4 production from AD conversion of food waste and manure with avoiding of food waste landfilling and conventional management of dairy manure emits −3.5 kg CO2 equivalents/kg Bio‐CH4 assuming the electricity was generated using collected landfill gas. This emission intensity is favorably compared to that of fossil natural gas equal to 4.3 kg CO2 equivalents/kg CH4 equivalents. This method for carbon foot printing can be used to evaluate climate mitigation potential of other AD Bio‐CH4 projects. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 1101–1111, 2018
Comparison of dynamic PTC thermal models using semi‐analytical and finite volume methods
Authors: Bayer Özgür , Uzgoren Eray
Published: September 2017

Resource potential estimation of concentrating solar power (CSP) applications with parabolic through collectors (PTC) needs to address time‐dependent heat transfer fluid (HTF) temperature at collector field's outlet. HTF temperature distribution depends on several time‐dependent variables; i.e., HTF temperature at PTC inlet, direct beam radiation, HTF flow rate and its properties, and PTC parameters, i.e., overall heat transfer coefficient. The present paper develops a time‐dependent one‐dimensional thermal model for PTCs using the analytical solution of governing partial differential equation assuming time‐invariant material properties, inlet temperature, and incident irradiation. Time‐dependency component is then integrated into the analytical solution using a time advancing numerical scheme. The results are presented in a generalized non‐dimensional form, which features familiar parameters, i.e., . It is shown that in contrast to the developed semi‐analytical method, mesh‐based methods suffer from an additional error source due to smoothening around . As a result, it is also showed that the developed method can use time steps 10 to 25 times larger than mesh‐based methods that achieve similar accuracy levels. In addition, developed method's each time‐step is found to be about 13 times faster. The combined speed‐up is identified as 130–325 for PTC simulations that have high variations in inlet temperature. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 1191–1200, 2018
A Pilot, Multicentre Pragmatic Randomised Trial to Explore the Impact of Carer Skills Training on Carer and Patient Behaviours: Testing the Cognitive Interpersonal Model in Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Hodsoll John , Rhind Charlotte , Micali Nadia , Hibbs Rebecca , Goddard Elizabeth , Nazar Bruno Palazzo , Schmidt Ulrike , Gowers Simon , Macdonald Pamela , Todd Gillian , Landau Sabine , Treasure Janet
Published: September 2017

Aim

The aim of the study is to establish the acceptability, feasibility and approximate size of the effect of adding a carer intervention [Experienced Caregivers Helping Others (ECHO)] to treatment as usual (TAU) for adolescents with anorexia nervosa.

Methods

The study is a pilot randomised trial comparing TAU (n = 50) alone or TAU plus ECHO with (n = 50) or without (n = 49) telephone guidance. Effect sizes (ESs) were regression coefficients standardised by baseline standard deviations of measure.

Results

Although engagement with ECHO was poor (only 36% of carers in the ECHO group read over 50% of the book), there were markers of intervention fidelity, in that caregivers in the ECHO group showed a moderate increase in carer skills (ES = 0.4) at 12 months and a reduction in accommodating and enabling behaviour at 6 months (ES = 0.17). In terms of efficacy, in the ECHO group, carers spent less time care giving (ES = 0.40, p = 0.04) at 1 year, and patients had a minor advantage in body mass index (ES = 0.17), fewer admissions, decreased peer problems (ES = −0.36) and more pro‐social behaviours (ES = 0.53). The addition of telephone guidance to ECHO produced little additional benefit.

Conclusions

The provision of self‐management materials for carers to standard treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa shows benefits for both carers and patients. This could be integrated as a form of early intervention in primary care. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Segregated hepatocyte proliferation and metabolic states within the regenerating mouse liver
Authors: Minocha Shilpi , Villeneuve Dominic , Rib Leonor , Moret Catherine , Guex Nicolas , Herr Winship
Published: September 2017

Mammalian partial hepatectomy (PH) induces an orchestrated compensatory hyperplasia, or regeneration, in remaining tissue to restore liver mass; during this process, liver functions are maintained. We probed this process in mice with feeding‐ and light/dark‐entrained animals subjected to sham or PH surgery. Early on (i.e., 10 hours), irrespective of sham or PH surgery, hepatocytes equidistant from the portal and central veins (i.e., midlobular) accumulated the G1‐phase cell‐division‐cycle marker cyclin D1. By 24 hours, however, cyclin D1 disappeared absent PH but was reinforced in midlobular hepatocytes after PH. At 48 hours after PH and 2 hours fasting, synchronously mitotic hepatocytes possessed less glycogen than surrounding nonproliferating hepatocytes. The differential glycogen content generated a conspicuous entangled pattern of proliferating midlobular and nonproliferating periportal and pericentral hepatocytes. The nonproliferating hepatocytes maintained aspects of normal liver properties. Conclusion: In the post‐PH regenerating mouse liver, a binary switch segregates midlobular cells to proliferate side‐by‐side with nonproliferating periportal and pericentral cells, which maintain metabolic functions. Our results also indicate that mechanisms of liver regeneration display evolutionary flexibility. (Hepatology Communications 2017;1:871–885)
Fine‐tuning what we know about employees' experience with flexible work arrangements and their job attitudes
Authors: Chen Yan , Fulmer Ingrid Smithey
Published: September 2017

Prior research has generally found positive relationships between flexible work arrangements (FWAs) and employee attitudes. However, we know relatively little about organizational contingencies that affect the strength of these relationships, as there is little multilevel, multicompany research on FWAs. This study explores three aspects of employees' experience with FWAs—perceived availability of the number of FWAs, different types of FWAs, and actual use of FWAs—and their corresponding effects on employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Using a large multicompany data set (1,799 companies, 17,895 workers), we found that employees who perceive more FWAs available to them have higher job satisfaction and organizational commitment, especially in organizations that report offering fewer formal FWA policies. Among different types of FWAs, perceived availability of flexible scheduling is more positively associated with job satisfaction than flexible location and hours, and both flexible scheduling and location are more positively associated with organizational commitment than flexible number of hours. We also found that employees who actually use flexible scheduling have lower job satisfaction and organizational commitment than those who have it available but do not use it. The theoretical contributions and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Development of next generation cardiovascular therapeutics through bio‐assisted nanotechnology
Authors: Lakshmanan Rajesh , Maulik Nilanjana
Published: September 2017

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) rank, next to cancer and stroke, among the deadliest diseases in the world. Among the major CVDs, acute myocardial infarction is a life‐threatening disorder resulting from permanent damage to the left ventricular cardiac tissue. The major coronary arteries that supply blood to the functional left ventricle become blocked due to thrombotic plaque occlusion. During myocardial ischemia, oxidative stress and free radicals destroy healthy cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells, followed by degradation of the extracellular matrix, which results in ventricular wall‐thinning and dilation. To protect the left ventricle from further damage and to rescue ischemic cardiac tissue, specially designed scaffolds consisting of biological material and nanomaterials have been developed. At the preclinical level, scaffolds loaded with growth factors and cells have been shown to regenerate ischemic tissue into healthy, functional myocardium. In this review, different therapeutic strategies currently available to treat the disease conditions at various stages are discussed, with special emphasis on biomaterials. Recent advancements in cardiovascular therapeutics using graphene and exosomal nanovesicles are discussed in detail. In addition, future directions for the development of next‐generation cardiovascular therapeutics with biological and non‐biological materials through nano‐assisted technology are explored. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2072–2083, 2018.
Downregulation of P2Y12 in the superior cervical ganglia alleviates abnormal sympathetic activity after myocardial ischemia
Authors: Zou Lifang , Gong Yingxin , Zhao Shanhong , Yi Zhihua , Han Xinyao , Wu Bing , Jia Tianyu , Li Lin , Yuan Huilong , Shi Liran , Zhang Chunping , Gao Yun , Li Guilin , Xu Hong , Liu Hui , Liang Shangdong , Liu Shuangmei
Published: September 2017

Superior cervical ganglia (SCG) innervate the myocardium and participate in sympathoexcitatory transmission. P2Y12 receptor is expressed in satellite glial cells (SGCs). This study seeks to clarify whether the P2Y12 receptor is involved in the sympathoexcitation reflex after myocardial ischemia (MI). MI model was induced by occlusion of the left coronary artery. P2Y12 were assayed by real time PCR and Western blotting. Our results showed that expression levels of P2Y12 mRNA and protein were significantly higher in the MI group than in the sham group. Administration of P2Y12 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) caused downregulation of the P2Y12 receptor in the SCG. In MI rats plus P2Y12 shRNA treatment group, the abnormal changes in diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), electrocardiograms (ECGs), and cardiac tissue structures were alleviated. When the treatment of P2Y12 shRNA in MI rats, upregulated co‐expression values of P2Y12 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), the upregulation of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) and phosphorylated P38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p‐P38 MAPK) in the SCG were decreased. Downregulation of the P2Y12 receptor in the SCG after MI may improve cardiac function by alleviating the sympathoexcitatory reflex.
Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of amphoteric chitosan‐based grafting flocculants for removing contaminants with opposite surface charges from oilfield wastewater
Authors: Peng Shuanglei , Jiang Guancheng , Li Xinliang , Yang Lili , Liu Fan , He Yinbo
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND

Contaminants with either negative or positive surface charges in wastewater generated from oilfields are normally very difficult to remove by traditional flocculants owing to their strong pH‐dependence and high health risks. Natural polymer flocculants, especially chitosan‐based flocculants, have attracted much interest for their environmental friendliness, excellent flocculation efficiencies and cost‐effectiveness.

RESULTS

A series of amphoteric chitosan‐based grafting flocculants (CM‐chi)‐g‐PDMDAAC (denoted as CgPD) were successfully synthesized by grafting diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) onto carboxymethyl chitosan (CM‐chi) with different grafting ratios. By carboxymethyl and grafting modification, dramatically increased water solubility of chitosan was obtained. The physicochemical structure of CgPD products was characterized by 1H NMR and elemental analysis proving that DMDAACC was grafted onto CM‐chi appropriately. Flocculation effects of CgPD were studied in kaolin and hematite suspensions having opposite surface charges. These CgPD flocculants demonstrated an excellent performance in respect of flocculation window, optimal dosage and pH sensitivity. In addition, CgPD was proven to be applicable as a flocculant in water treatment of oilfield sites.

CONCLUSION

The biodegradability flocculants, CgPD, can effectively remove contaminants with opposite surface charges from oilfield wastewater with low optimal dosage, wide flocculation window, low pH sensitivity and less environmental impacts than traditional flocculants. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Rainfall along the coast of Peru during strong El Niño events
Authors: Sanabria Janeet , Bourrel Luc , Dewitte Boris , Frappart Frédéric , Rau Pedro , Solis Olimpio , Labat David
Published: September 2017

While, climatologically, most areas of the Peruvian Pacific region do not experience precipitation, they can be affected by heavy rain and flooding during strong El Niño events with severe socio‐economic impacts. Only four strong El Niño events took place within the last five decades (1972/1973, 1982/1983, 1997/1998 and 2015/2016) which led to significant rainfall events in the northern part of Peru. Here a detailed analysis of the evolution of precipitation during these events was performed using gauge records from 1964 to 2016 from a network of 145 meteorological stations located along the Peruvian Pacific region. Through empirical orthogonal function analysis, the rainfall anomalies variability is interpreted as resulting from the combination of a meridional see‐saw mode (North–South) (Ep mode) and a zonal see‐saw mode (East–West) (Cp mode) that represent, respectively, 34 and 21% of the explained variance. It is shown that the extreme 1982/1983 and 1997/1998 El Niño events have a dominant projection on the Ep mode that has a strong loading in the northern region, while the 1972/1973 and 2015/2016 El Niño events have a relatively weak projection onto the Ep mode (about ten times less at the peak rainy season than the extreme events) and mostly project onto the Cp mode. Also, it is shown that while all events are associated with positive rainfall anomalies in the northern part of Peru which is accounted for by the Ep mode, the evolution of rainfall anomalies along the Cp mode exhibits a significant dispersion. This suggests that the impact of strong El Niño events on the highlands along the coast cannot solely be inferred from the magnitude of the sea surface temperature anomalies in the central equatorial Pacific. Overall, our study illustrates the nonlinearity of the ENSO teleconnection on the rainfall along the coast of Peru during strong El Niño events.