bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decoupling of Gd–Cr magnetism and giant magnetocaloric effect in layered honeycomb tellurate GdCrTeO6
Authors: Liu J. D. , Ouyang Z. W. , Liu X. C. , Cao J. J. , Wang Z. X. , Xia Z. C. , Rao G. H.
Published: May 2020

We report the decoupling of Gd–Cr magnetism and the resulting giant magnetocaloric effect in honeycomb-lattice tellurate GdCrTeO6. This compound adopts the hexagonal structure with the space group P-3. The susceptibility curve presents a paramagnetic behavior from room temperature to 2 K. Very intriguingly, however, the heat capacity measurement probes a λ-like peak at TN = 10 K, characterizing the long-range antiferromagnetic order. This suggests that the Gd and Cr sublattices are magnetically independent, i.e., the Gd ions are paramagnetic and the strong paramagnetism nearly masks the antiferromagnetic order of Cr ions, which is further evidenced by our ESR data. The maximum magnetic entropy change at 2 K is 41.8 J kg−1 K−1 in a field range of 0–7 T and 30.3 J kg−1 K−1 for 0–3 T, larger than those of most of the Gd oxides reported. The observed giant magnetocaloric effect is due to strong paramagnetism of Gd ions.
Mating strategies dictate the importance of insect visits to native plants in urban fragments
Authors: Eakin-Busher E. L. , Ladd P. G. , Fontaine J. B. , Standish R. J.
Published: May 2020

Plant species conservation relies on their reproductive success and likelihood of population persistence. Knowledge of plant mating systems, particularly the relationship between plants and their pollinators, is fundamental to inform conservation efforts. This knowledge could be critical for prioritising efforts in human-dominated fragmented landscapes such as the world’s biodiversity hotspots, where reproductive success can be compromised due to habitat loss, limited access to pollinators or other factors. Yet, fundamental data on plant mating systems are lacking for many Australian plants. Here we determined the mating systems of native plant species growing in native woodland fragments within Perth’s urban landscape in south-western Australia. We manipulated insect access to flowers and pollen transfer on five locally common native species, then observed floral visitors and examined reproductive success. Hemiandra pungens and Patersonia occidentalis had mixed mating systems with some ability to self-pollinate, whereas Dianella revoluta and Jacksonia sericea were reliant on insects for outcross pollination. The fruits and seeds produced by Tricoryne elatior were too low to draw conclusions about its mating system. The introduced honey bee (Apis mellifera) was the sole visitor to the mixed mating species, whereas native bees visited D. revoluta and J. sericea (one bee species each). Overall, our data suggest that D. revoluta and J. sericea are more vulnerable to fragmentation than H. pungens and P. occidentalis. Although insects contributed significantly to the reproductive output of the two former plant species, our observations suggested low frequency and richness of insect visitors to these urban fragments. More research is required to determine the generality of our findings. A comparative study in larger native woodland fragments would help estimate the effect of fragmentation on insect pollinators and consequences for the insect-reliant plant species.
Antisense-mediated S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase silencing affects heat stress responses of tobacco plants
Authors: Mellidou Ifigeneia , Karamanoli Katerina , Constantinidou Helen-Isis A. , Roubelakis-Angelakis Kalliopi A.
Published: May 2020

Understanding the molecular mode(s) of plant tolerance to heat stress (HS) is crucial since HS is a potential threat to sustainable agriculture and global crop production. Polyamines (PAs) seem to exert multifaceted effects in plant growth and development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses, presumably via their homeostasis, chemical interactions and contribution to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) cellular ‘signatures’. Downregulation of the apoplastic POLYAMINE OXIDASE (PAO) gene improved thermotolerance in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) transgenics. However, in the present work we show that transgenic tobacco plants with antisense-mediated S-ADENOSYL-L-METHIONINE DECARBOXYLASE silencing (AS-NtSAMDC) exhibited enhanced sensitivity and delayed responses to HS which was accompanied by profound injury upon HS removal (recovery), as assessed by phenological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. In particular, the AS-NtSAMDC transgenics exhibited significantly reduced rate of photosynthesis, as well as enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. These transgenics suffered irreversible damage, which significantly reduced their growth potential upon return to normal conditions. These data reinforce the contribution of increased PA homeostasis to tolerance, and can move forward our understanding on the PA-mediated mechanism(s) conferring tolerance to HS that might be targeted via traditional or biotechnological breeding for developing HS tolerant plants.
Between dialect and standard
Authors: Molina Martos Isabel
Published: May 2020

This paper offers a sociolinguistic analysis of the consonants (s) and (d) in the coda position in the city of
Madrid, within the framework of the Project for the Sociolinguistic Study of Spanish from Spain and America
(PRESEEA). The purpose is to illustrate how varieties of southern Castilian Spanish and those from the central and
northern Peninsula converge and diverge, taking into consideration the social, political, and economic parameters that affect said
processes. The diversity of patterns that coexist in the Madrid speech community reflects the city’s historic social complexity,
the varied geographical origins of its migrant population, the interests that motivate each community of practice, as well as
other circumstances that influence the direction of change. The analysis of (s) and (d) in coda illustrates the way in which the
dynamics of variation and change in Madrid fluctuate between two poles: standardization and regionalization, the
same two axes around which the community’s sociolinguistic patterns revolve.
Patterns of the linguistic change in Andalusia
Authors: Moya Corral Juan Antonio , Tejada Giráldez María de la Sierra
Published: May 2020

Studies on the Andalusian variety carried out in the last decades have allowed us to know, with some precision,
the way in which certain factors condition the operation. The objective of this paper is to determine if some of these changes are
subject to common behaviour. In our research, we focus on the changes that have some kind of prestige and we left aside the
non-prestigious ones. The results have shown us a big difference between changes that operate from the top down to the bottom and
those that, on the contrary, operate from the bottom upwards. This first group of changes, in addition to having a wide range of
prestige and being in agreement with the national standard, these changes are relatively new. In fact, they were driven by a
generation subjected to extremely marked social pressures. Currently, these prestigious processes are common throughout the entire
dialect, although the rate in which they arrive on the social strata differs depending on the geographical zone. By contrast, the
changes that operate from the bottom upwards are not new, they have local prestige, and they present different solutions in
different geographical areas.
An approach to subject pronoun expression patterns in data from the “Project for the Sociolinguistic Study of Spanish
in Spain and America”
Authors: Martín-Butragueño Pedro
Published: May 2020

The objective of this article is to extract certain general consequences about social and linguistic-pragmatic
conditions in the expression of subject personal pronouns (SPPs) in contemporary urban Spanish. The study examines some of the
results obtained in Valencia and Granada, Spain; Mexico City, Mexico; San Juan, Puerto Rico; Caracas, Venezuela; Bogotá and
Medellín, Colombia; and Montevideo, Uruguay. These works have all analyzed data from the “Project for the Sociolinguistic Study of
Spanish in Spain and America” (PRESEEA), thus they all share data collected under very similar circumstances (Moreno Fernández 1996; Cestero Mancera 2012).
The presence or the absence of pronominal subjects in Spanish is required in certain contexts, but in most cases they are
considered optional. This optionality depends on fixed factors of linguistic nature (such as the grammatical person and number of
the subject, or the co-reference between the subject and a previous element) and of social nature (such as age or gender), and on
random factors (such as individuals and verbal pieces). The hypotheses to be tested are: (a) there is geographical variation among
the cities studied, which is reflected in the rates of overt SPPs (Otheguy & Zentella
2012; Carvalho, Orozco & Shin 2015); (b) social variation is relatively small within each city; (c) the fixed and
random linguistic-pragmatic variation is intense within each city and similar among cities; (d) the most relevant factors that
activate overt SPPs are related to adequate information management of the anaphoric chains and textual coherence.
Narrative present in the Spanish of Santiago, Chile
Authors: Guerrero González Silvana , González Riffo Javier , Arriagada Anabalón Silvana
Published: May 2020

This investigation revises the use of the narrative present in the materials of the PRESEEA corpus. Based on 54
sociolinguistic interviews, the convergence and divergence of this phenomenon’s use is studied in the Spanish varieties from
Santiago, Chile, and Mexico City. We attempt to study variation according to the individuals, economic factors and the presence of
syntactic-discursive introductors before verbs, following the methodological guidelines of the Guía de estudios del
presente narrativo en los corpus PRESEEA (Guerrero and Arriagada, 2017).
In this way, we intend to answer two general questions: (a) why are there individuals who use the narrative present more than
others and (b) what functions serve such resource within the narratives in sociolinguistic interviews.
Microtubules control cellular shape and coherence in amoeboid migrating cells
Authors: Kopf Aglaja , Renkawitz Jörg , Hauschild Robert , Girkontaite Irute , Tedford Kerry , Merrin Jack , Thorn-Seshold Oliver , Trauner Dirk , Häcker Hans , Fischer Klaus-Dieter , Kiermaier Eva , Sixt Michael
Published: May 2020

Cells navigating through complex tissues face a fundamental challenge: while multiple protrusions explore different paths, the cell needs to avoid entanglement. How a cell surveys and then corrects its own shape is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that spatially distinct microtubule dynamics regulate amoeboid cell migration by locally promoting the retraction of protrusions. In migrating dendritic cells, local microtubule depolymerization within protrusions remote from the microtubule organizing center triggers actomyosin contractility controlled by RhoA and its exchange factor Lfc. Depletion of Lfc leads to aberrant myosin localization, thereby causing two effects that rate-limit locomotion: (1) impaired cell edge coordination during path finding and (2) defective adhesion resolution. Compromised shape control is particularly hindering in geometrically complex microenvironments, where it leads to entanglement and ultimately fragmentation of the cell body. We thus demonstrate that microtubules can act as a proprioceptive device: they sense cell shape and control actomyosin retraction to sustain cellular coherence.
Data assimilation finite element method for the linearized Navier–Stokes equations in the low Reynolds regime
Authors: Boulakia Muriel , Burman Erik , Fernández Miguel A. , Voisembert Colette
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we are interested in designing and analyzing a finite element data assimilation method for laminar steady flow described by the linearized incompressible Navier–Stokes equation. We propose a weakly consistent stabilized finite element method which reconstructs the whole fluid flow from noisy velocity measurements in a subset of the computational domain. Using the stability of the continuous problem in the form of a three balls inequality, we derive quantitative local error estimates for the velocity. Numerical simulations illustrate these convergence properties and we finally apply our method to the flow reconstruction in a blood vessel.
Feasibility study on the use of UV/Vis spectroscopy to measure total phenolic compound and pH in apple (Malus sylvestris L.) cv. Manalagi
Authors: Iqbal Z , Kamal M A , Komariyah A N , Adiyaksa I P , Argo B D , Wibisono Y , Damayanti R
Published: May 2020

This paper will report the feasibility study on the use of UV/Vis spectroscopy to determine apple quality based on Total Phenolic Compound (TPC) and pH. To achieve the conclusion, several stages had to be conducted. First, the total 50 sample of apples from 4 different ripening stages (3, 4, 5 and 6 month) were collected from local farmer in Bumiaji District and extracted. The juice from extraction was prepared for UV/Vis spectrum collection ranging from 200-1100 nm. TPC and pH were then measured. Afterwards, chemometrics analysis was performed to provide Partial Least Square (PLS) prediction model. And lastly, was identifying robustness of the model by analysing all the statistic parameter. The result showed that, partial spectrum of PLS model to predict absorbance of TPC provided good determination coefficient (R2 calibration was 0.803 and R2 validation was 0.710) while RMSEC and RMSECV were 0.070 and 0.088 respectively. As for pH model prediction, the best model was also obtained from the partial spectrum resulting R2 calibration was 0.822 and R2 validation was 0.797 while RMSEC and RMSECV were 0.56 and 0.61, respectively.
Developing partial least square (PLS) internal parameters of apple (Malus sylvestris L.) cv. Manalagi by means of UV/Vis spectroscopy
Authors: Iqbal Z , Adiyaksa I P , Komariyah A N , Damayanti R , Kamal M A , Hawa L C , Hendrawan Y
Published: May 2020

In order to determine the ripening stages of apple (Malus sylvestris L), local farmer in Malang still utilized a traditional method by examining its size and appearance. However, this method needs worker’s extensive experience causing a non-standard ripeness level that may lead to lower the quality of crop. Thus, to strive this problem, fast and quantitative prediction method need to be developed. UV/Vis spectroscopy has shown its capability to provide a robust prediction of several internal attributes such as, Soluble Solid Content (SSC) and moisture content. The aim of this research is to develop a Partial Least Square (PLS) regression to predict internal parameter contained in apple. Fifty sample of apples were taken from local plantation in Bumiaji district. There were 3 stages to complete the research: (1) spectral data acquisition ranging from wavelength 200nm-1100nm; (2) Psycochemical measurement (moisture content, SSC and firmness); (3) Performing PLS regression based on spectral data and internal parameters. The result showed that PLS model of firmness could provide promising result where R2 calibration and validation were 0.658 and 0.635 respectively. On the other hand, the model could not predict both moisture content and SSC resulting 0.57 and 0.308 for R2 calibration. Further enhancement needs to be addressed to the firmness model for improving its capability of prediction.
Hybridization of nitrogen compounds and hydroxyapatite: a slowly released fertiliser for water sustainability
Authors: Wibisono Y , Yuliani R , Kamilia N , Ardian D , Lastriyanto A , Rafianto V , Diniardi E , Sandra
Published: May 2020

Ammonium sulfate (ZA) and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound (NPK) are nitrogen-rich fertilisers commonly used by farmers. The fertilisers have high solubility in water, decay rapidly in wet soil and decompose into ammonia. Its lead into eutrophication phenomena and its absorption by crop roots becomes less effective. A facile and scalable method is developed to adsorb nitrogen-rich compounds into fish scale based powdered hydroxyapatite for slow-release fertiliser (SRF). Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a material that contains phosphorus and is a well-binding agent of nitrogen. This study is aiming at synthesizing HA from calcium-rich fish scale biowaste using wet-chemical precipitation method and coated the HA particles with ZA and NPK fertiliser. The fertiliser in solid form were combine with HA particles with the ratio of 6:1, and dissolved in aquadest. Total nitrogen content were measured periodically by using percolation method. The nitrogen release of the hybrids was compared to obtain the best kinetics model and it was found that zero order kinetics model was suitable for ZA-HA sample and Kosmeyer-Peppas model was suitable for NPK-HA sample. Vegetative growth of mustard plants were used to measure the effectiveness of SRF, and were found that combination of NPK-HA and ZA-HA were able to enhance up to 17% of the plant growth compare with conventional fertiliser.
The effect of sucrose and citric acid concentration of Candi banana peels jam on physico-chemical and sensory characteristics
Authors: Fibrianto K , Anggara M , Wulandari E S
Published: May 2020

Jam is one of complementary foods which has the viscous texture and usually prepared from fruit puree. The fruit contains pectin in which it will be combined with sucrose and acid to form gel. Banana peel also contains the pectin. This current study aims to investigate the effect of citric acid and sucrose concentration on physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of Candi banana peels jam. Completely Randomized Block Design was assigned to investigate the main factors. Factor I is the citric acid concentration (0.2% and 0.4% w/v). Factor II is the concentration of sucrose (50%, 60%, and 70% w/v). Each treatment was replicated 3 times. “Candi” banana peels jam with combination 0.2% of citric acid and 70% of sucrose is considered as the best treatment. The best Candi banana peels jam has been characterised by 48.80% water content; 4.97 pH values; 45.10 0Brix total dissolved solids; and the spreading length is 9.3 cm. While the sensory attributes intensity were 8.8 for sweetness; 2.4 for sourness; 3.4 for astringency; 8.9 for color; 5.5 for firmness; 10.5 for spreadibility; and 8.4 for spreading length.
Effect of extraction method and solvent ratio on antioxidant activity of Dayak onion extract
Authors: Ali D Y , Harijono  , Fathuroya V , Wijayanti S D , Razi H F
Published: May 2020

Dayak onion has antioxidant compounds obtained through the extraction process. The extraction and isolation methods affect the amounts and the quality of extract obtained. Multiple solvents can be used sequentially in the extraction to obtain an optimum amount of compounds in the desired yield. The amount of extract obtained can be related to its antioxidant activity. This study aims to determine the effect extraction method and ratio of solvent to the antioxidant activity of Dayak onion extract. The method used in the research was Factorial Random Block Design (FRBD) with two factors. The factor I was the extraction method (maceration, reflux, and soxhletation). Factor II was the ratio of solvent (ethanol and hexane with ratio of 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50). The observation data analysed with ANOVA, then followed by DMRT with a confidence interval of 99%. The best treatment of the extraction method was maceration with the ratio of solvent ethanol:hexane was 70:30. The results were 3.76% dried extract yield, moisture content of 14.01%. total phenolic content of 8.62 mg GAE/g, total flavonoid of 28.20 mg QE/g, and antioxidant activity IC50 of 17.33 ppm.
Polishing effect on the physicochemical properties of porang flour using centrifugal grinder
Authors: Witoyo J E , Ni’maturohmah E , Argo B D , Yuwono S S , Widjanarko S B
Published: May 2020

Porang tubers are an agricultural product from one of the endemic plants in Southeast and East Asia, which found in the Indonesian forest and is a vital source of glucomannan. The simple processing of porang tubers is made into chips, ground using mechanical milling followed by air fractionation. However, porang flour from mechanical milling still has high impurities, such as calcium oxalate more than 2% and not safe for human consumption. The polishing process using a centrifugal grinder is needed to remove impurities that still attached to the glucomannan cells by the friction principle. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the polishing cycle on physicochemical properties of porang flour. The experimental design used polishing historical data and process was conducted in two replication. The results showed the polishing cycle had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the glucomannan content, viscosity, degree of whiteness, calcium oxalate content, starch content, protein content, and fat content. The best of polished porang flour was obtained on the 5 times of polishing cycle based on multiple attributes calculations.
Antioxidant activity and microbiological quality of bee bread collected from three different species honey bee
Authors: Jaya F , Rosyidi D , Radiati L E , Minarti S , Mustakim  , Susilo A , Muslimah R H , Husolli M
Published: May 2020

Honeybee can produce bee bread beside the most famous commercial products i.e. honey, propolis and pollen. This product is widely believed to have medicinal benefits. However, there are very few scientific data available on the honeybee’s bee bread to prove the claims. In this study, bee bread from different species honeybee, namelyApis mellifera, Apis cerana, andTrigona sppwere evaluated as antioxidants agents and microbiological quality. Bee bread fromApis ceranaexhibited the highest microbiological quality including total microorganism (5.58 ± 0.38 log CFU/g), total yeast (6.23 ± 0.13 log CFU/g), total LAB (3.68 ± 0.27 log CFU/g) pH (4.36 ± 0.10) and Aw (0.7200 ± 0.0008), followed byApis melliferaandTrigona spp. Meanwhile, bee bread fromApis ceranashowed the highest antioxidant activities as radical scavenger was 14.44±0.25 mg / mL, total flavonoid was 0.73±0.05 mg QE/g and total phenolic was 4.01±0.68 mg GAE/g. These findings establish the potential of bee bread fromApis ceranaas antioxidants agent and microbiological quality, promising natural food supplements and natural preservatives.
Production of Chinese bun from sweet potato and its financial feasibility analysis
Authors: Elisabeth D A E , Yulifianti R , Ginting E
Published: May 2020

The physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of Chinese buns prepared from purple and orange-fleshed sweet potato paste were studied in terms of supporting local food diversification. The promising genotypes used were MSU 10003-07 (purple) and MSU 14014-84 (orange). The steamed tubers from both genotypes were analyzed physically and chemically (including anthocyanin and beta-carotene contents) then processed into Chinese bun with the proportion of sweet potato paste 0% (100% wheat flour), 10%, 20% , 30% and 40%.The results showed that the proportion of sweet potato paste significantly affected the moisture content, color, hardness, porosity, volume development, and yield of Chinese bun. Based on physical, chemical and sensory analysis, the use of 30% purple and orange-fleshed sweet potato paste was preferred by panellists and had better quality than other levels. Using the selling price of IDR 3,000 per piece, the use of 30% purple and orange-fleshed sweet potato paste showed a slightly higher profit margin compared to 0% sweet potato paste, consecutively 64.8, 65.1, and 64.3. The production of Chinese bun from sweet potato was profitable and financially feasible to be applied further indicated by the value of B/C ratio which was more than 1 (1.74 for purple and 1.76 for orange-fleshed). This suggests that sweet potato is promising and feasible for Chinese bun production, thus needs to be promoted for its health benefits.
The optimisation of fresh apple inventory by using a multi-supplier Basnet-Leung model (Case study in X Supermarket, Indonesia)
Authors: Dania W A P , Silalahi R L R , Yasinta R N
Published: May 2020

Apple, as one of the fresh fruit commodities, needs specific treatment in material handling to keep the freshness of the product from farm to the consumers. One of the critical process to maintain the quality of the product is the inventory system. Inventory is one of the significant cost components in the production system. Therefore, the inventory system must be controlled to propose the optimal inventory level at the minimum cost. The objective of this paper is to minimise the inventory costs of fresh apple inventory in one of supermarket in Indonesia by using a multi-supplier Basnet-Leung formulation model since the retailer replenishes his inventory from several suppliers. This model allows the system to apply multi-products, multi-periods lot sizing and multi-suppliers. The result shows by comparing the costs components between the existing company inventory system and the proposed Basnet-Leung inventory system; the total cost is reduced up to 40.26%. It results in the total saving in purchasing cost, ordering cost, and holding cost up to 43.20%, 1.17%, and 44.31% respectively. To sum up, controlling the inventory level by using Basnet-Leung model will result in a more effective way of purchasing management.
Identification of institutional risks of SMEs supply chain using the fuzzy failure mode and effect analysis
Authors: Santoso I , Prahastuti I Y , Pusfitasari D A
Published: May 2020

Institutional problems experienced by SMEs pose institutional risks that may affect their supply chain. The variables include involved actor, relationship and institution. The actor as a variable poses the risks of technical and intellectual knowledge, and negotiation skills, not to mention the issues of commitment, communication and responsibility. The relationship as a variable revolves around the issues of trust, honesty and motivation to improve, frequent conflicts, and limited information. Other institutional variables pose the risks of under-developed business networks and insufficient government involvement and training, and fundings. These risks must be handled properly and correctly. This study was aimed to identify and to assess institutional risks in supply chains. The risk identification and assessment in this research employed the Fuzzy Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (Fuzzy FMEA). The result from analysing five randomly selected SMEs revealed that the prioritised risks for actor as a variable included the lack of intellectual knowledge and poor commitment level. The prioritised risk for relationship as a variable was the lack of motivation to improve together. The prioritised risk for other institutional variables was the limited funding from other institution.
What affects customers to make online grocery purchasing?
Authors: Rayesa N F , Gutama W A , Ferisna
Published: May 2020

The rapid development of internet technology in this era makes consideration of renewal in business, especially in marketing strategy. Nowadays, the online platform starts to replace grocery shopping habits from the traditional market. Therefore, it is necessary to identify reason behind customer behaviour towards grocery shopping online. This study aimed to determine factors behind consumer behaviour in buying online using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) approach. Data were collected from 127 grocery shoppers using questionnaires and analysed by Structural Equation Modelling - Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). Results have shown that Attitude Towards Behaviour (ATB), Subjective Norm (SN), and Perceived Behavioural Control (PBC) have significant influences on purchase intention (PI). It also shown that PI (willingness, online preferential, and recommendation) had a significant effect on online grocery purchasing behaviour. The higher the intention, the greater behaviour reflected in the online purchase. Therefore, this study can be used to assist online grocery retailers to formulate effective strategies to gain more customers’ confidence to do online grocery shopping.
Forecasting of purchasing quantity of Manalagi apple for apple juice drink production in PT XYZ Malang
Authors: Ihwah A , Viandini U H
Published: May 2020

Batu City is a city with abundant agricultural and fruit commodities, in particular apple. Apple juice drink is a fruit juice drink prepared from apples with the addition of sugar and citric acid. One producer of apple cider in Batu City is PT XYZ. The effectiveness of the production process in a company has strongly related to the needs of raw materials. The planning activity for raw material requirements can be applied if future sales projections have been obtained. In this case, forecasting demand needs to be done. This study aimed to forecast the quantity of purchasing Manalagi apple as the main raw material in apple juice drink production process. Historical data of Manalagi apple purchased from January 2016 to December 2018 was used. The forecasting study was carried out for the period of January to December 2019. From the time series plot, it was found that the data for purchasing raw materials for apples was seasonal. Then, the purchasing data of the Manalagi apple was transformed twice to fulfill stationary assumptions. The best Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model obtained was (1,1,0) (1,1,1)2 with the Mean Square Error (MSE) of 0.0106901. The model showed that the average of apple’s purchasing in 2019 was 9786.1 kg/month, with the highest and the lowest value 87950.2 kg (in June) and 249.3 kg (in January), respectively.
Extraction of phenolic compounds from basil (Ocimum americanum L.) leaves with pretreatment using pulsed electric field (PEF)
Authors: Sukardi  , Pulungan M H , Purwaningsih I , Sita P F
Published: May 2020

The study was conducted to determine the role of the pulsed electric field (PEF) as a pretreatment on the extraction of phenolic compounds from basil (Ocimum americanum, L.) leaves. The research used Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors, factor 1: exposure time (10, 15, and 20 seconds) and factor 2: voltage (1000, 1500, and 2000 Volts). Extraction was done by maceration using 80% ethanol at 50°C. The results showed that PEF treatment had a significant effect on total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant activity (IC50) of basil extract. The best treatment at exposure time of 10 seconds and a voltage of 1500 Volts obtains TPC of 260.50 mg GAE/g and IC50 of 35.96 ppm. Whereas the untreated sample (without PEF pre-treatment) obtains TPC of 175.75 mg GAE/g and IC50 of 116.25 ppm. The data showed that PEF treatment before the extraction of basil leaves increased TPC by 1.5 times and antioxidant activity by 3.2 times. FTIR spectra showed that PEF pre-treatment increases absorption or decreases transmittance, which indicates the increase of extract concentration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging showed that PEF treatment causes pore formation on the cell membrane, which might facilitate the release of phenolic compounds.
Redesign the layout of agro-industry by using occupational safety and health analysis at tempe chips SME
Authors: Dewi H E , Awaliyah R , Subagyo H S H
Published: May 2020

Layout is an important factor of agro-industry to improve productivity and reduce potential risk of work accident. The objective of this research was to redesign the layout of Tempe Chips Small and Medium Enterprise (SME). Bu Nurjanah Tempe Chips SME Malang, East Java was selected as research location because of poor lay out system and it has same character with Tempe Chips SME that had fire accident. This research used Occupational Health and Safety Analysis and Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) approach in designing agro-industry layout that consist of activity relationship chart, activity relationship diagram, and area needs. The results of the research showed that Tempe Chips SME has potential fire hazards and food contamination. Regarding the Occupational Safety and Health standard, this research advice re-layout for several production facilities such as access to drinking water, toilets and washing facilities, and clean cafeteria to improve effectiveness of production.
The effect of malt extract and incubation time on ethanol production from lignocellulose degradation of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) using Phlebia sp. MG-60
Authors: Nurika I , Indirahayu T , Suhartini S
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to evalute the effects of the addition of malt extract and incubation time on ethanol production from lignocellulose degradation of OPEFB usingPhlebia sp. MG-60. The first experiment was conducted to figure out the best treatment of the addition of malt extract (0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.3 g/L) for the degradation of lignocellulose usingPhlebia sp. MG-60 for 28 days, then followed with the ethanol production which incubated into diferent time courses (0, 3, 5, and 7 days). Total reducing sugar (TRS), total soluble phenol (TSP), pH, lignin concentration, weight loss and ethanol concentration were analyzed to identify the changes on the breakdown of lignocellulose. The best treatment was obtained from the addition of malt extract 0.2 g/L with the highest amount on TRS (26.489 mg/g) incubated for 15 days. While weight loss (19.01%) and the lowest lignin residue (12.61%) were obtained from culture incubated for 28 days. Meanwhile the highest ethanol concentration was 0.28% obtained from 5 days culture.
Preliminary study of natural dyes application on batik
Authors: Rahayuningsih T , Rejeki F S , Wedowati E R , Widhowati D
Published: May 2020

Batik is an Indonesia cultural heritage. In general, batik dyeing uses synthetic dyes, which can cause problems in health and the environment. Therefore, the exploration of natural dyes is needed to apply to batik. This study aimed to determine the quality of batik used natural dyes based on the types of plants and the types of leaves. Natural dyes were extracted using a heating method with a water solvent. Natural dye sources took from glodogan tiang (Polyathea longifolia), teak (Tectona grandis L. F), angsana (Pterocarpus indicus), and mango (Mangifera indica) leaves. The types of leaves were fresh and fallen leaves. The natural dyes applied as a dye of batik with tunjung fixation material. Test on the result of batik dyeing used the color difference test (L* a* b) and consumer preference test with parameters of color intensity, batik neatness, and clarity on batik motif. Determining the importance level of the batik quality parameters used the Analytical Hierarchy Process method. Then the selection of the best treatment alternative was made using the Expectation Value method. The results of the study shown that the best treatment was batik with natural dyes from fallen leaves of teak. That caused dye of teak fallen leaves can bound more tightly than other leaves.
Sterilisation technology for disposable diapers waste using double jacket and centrifugal speed principles
Authors: Elviliana  , Saputra B Y R D , Fahira A , Suhartini S
Published: May 2020

Globally, disposable baby diapers demand continues to grow alongside with an increase in the birth rate and child (aged 0-3) population. On average, diapers consumption is around 6-8 pieces per baby, giving approximately 6,300 diapers for the next 2.5 years. Furthermore, each diaper contains 35% of organic and 65% of inorganic materials. The presences of inorganic materials pose a detrimental effect on environment as it needs around 500-800 year to breakdown or degrade. This study was aimed to enhance the valorisation of disposable baby diapers waste by implementing sterilisation technology. The technology was based on a double jacket and centrifugal speed principles, enabling to effectively and safely sterilise the diapers waste. The comparison with the conventional technology was carried out based on the following parameters: total number of E. coli, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), turbidity, pH, temperature, and operational cost analysis. The results indicated that the proposed sterilisation technology has superior performance than conventional sterilisation technology. The findings also confirmed that the sterilised diapers waste can be further reused for making other valuable products, such as eco-friendly handy craft or souvenirs. Economically, the implementation of the proposed technology can support the creation of green creative industries, particularly in Indonesia.
Keratin biofilm from chicken feathers
Authors: Nurkhasanah U , Susanti E , Idris A M , Suharti S
Published: May 2020

Keratin is an important biomaterial for industrial applications. About 90% of keratin is found in chicken feathers. Previous study showed that solid-state fermentation of keratinase by Bacillus sp. MD24 using chicken feathers a sole carbon and nitrogen source produced micro-keratin as a solid by-product. However, soluble by-product which most probably contained soluble keratin was not yet studied. This paper reports our investigation in soluble keratin in liquid by-product as possible raw material to generate biofilm. Fermentation of keratinase was done for 10 consecutive days by Bacillus sp. MD24 and liquid by-product was separated from solid by-product by centrifugation at 5000 rpm. The size of soluble keratin was examined by particle size analyser (PSA). The soluble keratin was filmed and the film was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and film surface was analysed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Dissolution of keratin using ionic liquids 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) and 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM]Ac) was done as alternative keratin degradation process. Dissolution was performed under nitrogen atmosphere at 130 °C for 7 hours. Insoluble fraction was recovered by addition of water. Keratin biofilm was generated and FTIR spectra indicated of absorption bands which were assigned to the peptide bonds (-CONH). The bands exhibited the presence of protein. There were no much difference on surface structure between keratin biofilm produced from soluble keratin by-product and dissolved keratin produced by dissolution using ionic liquid.
Bioactive compound analysis and antioxidant activity of endophytic bacterial extract from Noni fruits (Morinda citrifolia L.)
Authors: Rabima  , Harlim L , Sogandi
Published: May 2020

Endophytic bacteria have been recognised as a microorganism that has an important role as the producer of bioactive compounds. In the literature, endophytic bacteria from Noni fruits (Morinda citrifolia l.) with their antioxidant activities have been rarely studied. This research aimed at isolating endophytic bacteria associated with Noni fruits to investigate their antioxidant activity, to identify potential endophytic bacteria with16s rRNA and to detect bioactive compounds. Based on morphological characteristics of bacterial colonies, six endophytic bacteria were isolates from Noni fruits. The isolates were observed and evaluated in terms of their antioxidant activities using 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging activity. Results of this study discovered supernatant from isolate ACP3 to have the highest 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free-radical scavenging activity up to 68.90%. In addition, molecular identification conducted by poly chain reaction amplification on 16S rRNA gene showed isolate ACP3 belong to Staphylococcus sp. with 100% sequence similarities. Looking at GCMS analysis, ethyl acetate fraction from the secondary metabolites of isolate ACP3 contained pyrazine alkaloids, which have been known as a bioactive compound. Based on these results, the ACP3 strain was considered as a good and sustainable resource for natural antioxidants.
Characterization of crude cellulase enzyme produced by Bacillus licheniformis P12 isolate
Authors: Wijayanti S D , Oliviani K , Kusnadi J , Putri R A C
Published: May 2020

Microbial enzymes utilization in industrial application recently has become extensive. One enzyme that is widely used in industry is the cellulase which is able to hydrolyse the glycosidic β-1.4 bonds present in cellulose. In previous studies, isolation of a cellulose degrading bacteria P12 from Mount Merapi spring water was carried out which had the highest cellulolytic activity (2.326 ± 0.219 U/mg). This research aims to identify P12 isolates molecularly using the 16S-rRNA gene, and characterize the cellulase produced. A descriptive quantitative design was used in this research. The P12 isolate was revealed to be Bacillus licheniformis based on 16S rRNA analysis with 99% homology. The concentration of ammonium sulfate 70% saturation can precipitate cellulase enzymes with purification folds of 6 times with specific activities 0.0103 U / mg. Cellulase enzyme fractionated with ammonium sulfate at this research was optimum at pH 7 and temperature 50°C.
Analysis of probiotic characteristics and LAB viability of seaweed hydrolysis (Eucheuma cottonii)
Authors: Permatasari V R , Setyaningsih D
Published: May 2020

Eucheuma cottoni is one of the most utilised marine commodities for carrageenan production. Carrageenan can also be used for probiotics production. This study aimed to obtain bacterial growth media with the highest probiotic activity before and after drying. The study consisted of several stages, include: pre-hydrolysis, hydrolysis with inactive enzymes, chemical and microbiological characterisation, drying with spray drying, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) viability test. The results show that the untreated sample had the best results compared to that of the filtering and precipitation samples. The untreated sample had reducing sugar content of 0.35%, total sugar 2.81%, pH 5.37, total acid 0.147%, and total LAB of 8.2x108 CFU/mL. After drying with spray drying, the LAB viability reduced to 9.7x106 CFU/mL.
Current status: the morphology diversity of Bacillus subtilis phages and their genome size
Authors: Handoko Y A , Wardani A K , Sutrisno A , Widjanarko S B
Published: May 2020

Bacillus subtilis phages are viruses that specifically infect Bacillus subtilis. The exploration of Bacillus subtilis phages are very important related to their application in the agroindustry, especially as biocontrol in contamination of the raw materials and food products. The comparative study of morphology and genome size of Bacillus subtilis phages were carried out to understand phage interactions with their hosts. Until this article is presented, there are 18 species of Bacillus subtilis phages from various region of the world. They are 9 species in the Myoviridae family, 4 species in the Siphoviridae family, and 5 species in the Podoviridae family. The range of genome size of B. subtilis phages were known from 18,000 to 160,000 bp with different ranges of ORFs 15–250. Their protein function can be identified between 20–60%.
Use of alternative water sources in irrigation: potential scales, costs, and environmental impacts in California
Authors: Qin Yuwei , Horvath Arpad
Published: May 2020

Under the risk of drought, unreliable water supplies, and growing water demand, there is a growing need worldwide to explore alternative water sources to meet the demand for irrigation in agriculture and other outdoor activities. This paper estimates stocks, production capacities, economic costs, energy implications, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with recycled water, desalinated brackish and seawater, and stormwater in California, the largest US state and the most significant fresh and processed food producer. The combined recycled water and stormwater supply could increase the share of alternative water use in urban land irrigation (parks and golf courses) from the current rate of 4.6% to 48% and in agriculture from 0.82% to 5.4% while increasing annual water costs by $900 million (1.8% of California’s annual agricultural revenue) and energy use by 710 GWh (0.28% of California’s annual electricity consumption). The annual supply of alternative water greatly exceeds the amount of water currently used in the food processing industry. In case studies of high-value agricultural produce, conventional water use was found to contribute approximately 17%, 12%, 4.1%, and 1.7% to the total GHG emissions of avocados, lemons, celery, and strawberries, respectively. However, materials (mostly packaging) contribute 46%, 26%, 47%, and 66%, and diesel use on farms 18%, 28%, and 14% for lemons, celery, and strawberries, respectively (data for avocados were not available). Switching to recycled water or stormwater would increase the total GHG emissions of one serving size of packaged strawberries, celery, lemons, and avocados by 3.0%, 7.8%, 11%, and 27%, respectively, desalinated brackish water by 23%, 58%, 150%, and 210%, and desalinated seawater by 35%, 88%, 230%, and 320%. Though switching to alternative water will increase costs, energy demand, and GHG emissions, they could be offset by turning to less environmentally damaging materials in agricultural production and sales (especially packaging).
CRISPRL and: Interpretable large-scale inference of DNA repair landscape based on a spectral approach
Authors: Aghazadeh Amirali , Ocal Orhan , Ramchandran Kannan
Published: May 2020

We propose a new spectral framework for reliable training, scalable inference and interpretable explanation of the DNA repair outcome following a Cas9 cutting. Our framework, dubbed CRISPRL and, relies on an unexploited observation about the nature of the repair process: the landscape of the DNA repair is highly sparse in the (Walsh–Hadamard) spectral domain. This observation enables our framework to address key shortcomings that limit the interpretability and scaling of current deep-learning-based DNA repair models. In particular, CRISPRL and reduces the time to compute the full DNA repair landscape from a striking 5230 years to 1 week and the sampling complexity from 1012 to 3 million guide RNAs with only a small loss in accuracy (R2R2 ∼ 0.9). Our proposed framework is based on a divide-and-conquer strategy that uses a fast peeling algorithm to learn the DNA repair models. CRISPRL and captures lower-degree features around the cut site, which enrich for short insertions and deletions as well as higher-degree microhomology patterns that enrich for longer deletions.

Availability and implementation

The CRISPRL and software is publicly available at https://github.com/UCBASiCS/CRISPRLand.
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Epidemic in Zimbabwe: Quo Vadis?
Authors: Katsidzira Leolin , Gwaunza Lenon , Hakim James G
Published: May 2020

The trajectory and impact of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa are unclear, but they are seemingly varied between different countries, with most reporting low numbers. We use the situation in Zimbabwe to build an argument that the epidemic is likely to be attenuated in some countries with similar socioeconomic and cultural structures. However, even an attenuated epidemic may overwhelm weak health systems, emphasizing the importance of prevention. These prevention strategies should be tailored to the unique social and cultural networks of individual countries, which may facilitate the spread of SARS-CoV-2. It is also equally important to maintain services for the major infectious diseases in the region, such as tuberculosis and malaria. A breakdown of treatment and prevention services for these conditions may even overshadow the projected morbidity and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).