bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel antihypertensive and anticholesterolemic peptides from peptic hydrolysates of
camel whey proteins
Authors:   UAE University, Baba Waqas , Maqsood Sajid ,   UAE
            University
Published: November 2022

Hypercholesterolemia and hypertension are major growing concerns that are managed
by drugs that inhibit various metabolic enzymes. Milk hydrolysates have been reported to
contain various bioactive peptides (BAP) that can inhibit various metabolic enzymes for
enhancing human health. As such camel whey proteins were subjected to peptic hydrolysis
using a full factorial model (33) with hydrolysis time, temperature, and enzyme
concentration as factors. The resulting hydrolysates were analyzed for
anti-hypercholesterolemic and hypertensive properties by studying the in vitro
inhibition of various enzymatic markers. The hydrolysates with lowest IC50 values were
further subjected to LC-MS-QTOF that revealed presence of 185 peptides. Selected
peptides that had Peptide Ranker Score greater than 0.8 were further studied for
prediction of possible interactions with enzyme markers: pancreatic lipase (PL)
cholesterol esterase (CE) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) using in silico
analysis. The data generated suggested that most of the peptides could bind active site
of PL while as only three peptides could bind active site of CE. Based on higher number
of reactive residues in the bioactive peptides (BAP) and greater number of substrate
binding sites, FCCLGPVPP was identified as potential CE inhibitory peptide while
PAGNFLPPVAAAPVM, MLPLMLPFTMGY, and LRFPL were identified as PL inhibitors. While
peptides PAGNFLP, FCCLGPVPP, PAGNFLMNGLMHR, PAVACCLPPLPCHM were identified as potential
ACE inhibitors. Molecular docking of selected peptides showed hydrophilic and
hydrophobic interactions between peptides and target enzymes. Moreover, due to the
importance of renin in managing hypertension, peptides from hydrolysates with high ACE
inhibiting potential were predicted for potential to interact with renin using in silico
analysis. Molecular docking was subsequently employed to identify how the identified
peptides, PVAAAPVM and LRPFL, could interact with renin and potentially inhibit it.
Thus, non-bovine (camel) whey hydrolysates might be used as functional ingredients for
production of functional foods with antihypertensive and anticholesterolemic
properties.
Omega-3 and cardiovascular disease
Authors:   Fatty Acid Research
            Institute, Harris William , Zahara Irum ,   U of A
Published: November 2022

Despite the fact that the â€œomega-3 lowers risk for CVDâ€ story is now 50 years
old, controversies remain regarding the short and long-term utility of omega-3
supplementation to reduce risk for CVD. The earlier studies (published roughly before
2007) were generally favorable, however a spate of studies published since then were not
nearly as clear. The one stand-out in the latter set was REDUCE-IT, which used 4 g/d of
EPA ethyl esters (instead of EPA+DHA ethyl esters). In this study, the treated subjects
experienced about 25% fewer CVD events than the placebo group. This resulted in FDA
approval for this drug for reducing risk for CVD in specific patient populations. The
next large study to report out â€“ STRENGTH â€“ was expected to be positive as well (3.1
g EPA+DHA as free fatty acids), but it was stopped early for â€œfutilityâ€ (i.e., the
event rates were not different between active and placebo groups). Many hypotheses have
been raised to explain these wildly different outcomes, and this has engendered
considerable confusion in the field. These hypotheses will be discussed in this
presentation. On the other hand, observational prospective cohort studies based on
measured blood omega-3 levels (not on fish intake questionnaires) have consistently
shown that higher levels are associated with lower risk for CVD (and total mortality).
These two different study designs (RCTs vs observational epidemiology) ask different
questions. This talk will synthesize these two apparently divergent conclusions
regarding the utility of omega-3 fatty acids for reducing risk for CVD.
Relationship between oil binding capacity, oil loss, and the physical properties of
an interesterified palm-based fat -Â influence of high-intensity ultrasound, cooling
rate, and saturation level
Authors:   Utah State
            University, Marsh Melissa , Martini Silvana ,   Utah State
            University
Published: November 2022

The objective of this study was to identify the physical properties of an
interesterified palm-based fat (EIEPO) that correlates with high oil binding capacity
(OBC) and low oil loss (OL). In this study, two EIEPO concentrations were used. A 100%
EIEPO sample and a 20% EIEPO sample diluted 80% with soybean oil. Both samples were
crystallized using a fast (7.8Â°C/min)Â and a slow (0.1Â°C/min) cooling rate as well as
with and without high-intensity ultrasound (20kHz, HIU) to generate a wide range of
physical properties, OBC, and OL. The samples were crystallized at 29Â°C, and 20Â°C, for
the 100% and 20% samples, respectively. Immediately after the 90 min isothermal
crystallization, the following physical properties were measured â€“ crystal
microstructure, solid fat content, elasticity, melting behavior, hardness, and oil loss.
The samples were then stored for 48h at 22Â°C and 5Â°C. At this point, the same physical
properties were measured as 90 min, with the addition of the OBC measurement. Results
show that 90 min OL was negatively correlated with SFC, Hardness, Gâ€™, onset
temperature, peak temperature, and enthalpy at 90 min (|r| >0.7; p less than 0.05 for
all correlations). OL after 48h was negatively correlated with SFC (90 min and 48h),
Gâ€™ (90 min and 48h), enthalpy (90 min and 48h) (|r| >0.7; p less than 0.05 for all
correlations).Â Â Additionally, OBC was positively correlated with SFC (90 min and 48h),
Gâ€™ (90 min and 48h), onset temperature (90 min), peak temperature (90 min and 48h),
enthalpy (90 min and 48h), and hardness (48h) (|r| >0.8; p less than 0.05 for all
correlations). Overall, these results suggest that OL can be decreased by formulating
more elastic fats that have higher SFC and high enthalpy values. Also, OBC can be
increased by formulating more elastic fats, with high peak and enthalpy values, and high
SFC.
Structured water-in-oil emulsions developed with candelilla wax
Authors:   UASLP-FCQ, Toro-Vazquez Jorge , De la Peña-Gil Anaid ,   UASLP-FCQ, Pérez-Martinez David ,   UASLP-FCQ, Charó-Alonso Miriam ,   UASLP-FCQ
Published: November 2022

Candelilla wax (CW) is an efficient gelator of vegetable oils with n-alkanes
(â‰ˆ67%) and terpenoid alcohols (â‰ˆ23%) as major components. The CW forms oleogels with
excellent rheological and thixothropic behavior, mainly associated with the
microstructure developed by the molecular self-assembly of n-alkanes. In this study we
evaluated the CW emulsifying capacity by developing emulsions at different water to
safflower oil (W:O) ratios (40:60, 50:50, 60:40). Initially we developed CW solutions in
safflower oil by heating at 90Â°C for 30 min. After setting the CW oleogel at 25Â°C, we
added the corresponding water proportion (25Â°C) while stirring for 60 secs with an
ultra-turrax type homogenizer set at the higher speed. The W/O emulsions, with final CW
concentrations of 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.25%, and 3%, were evaluated as a function of storage
time (25Â°C at 0, 4, 8 and 20 days) for solid content (%SC), water droplet size
distribution (WDSD), microstructure, and emulsion stability. The results showed that at
all CW concentrations studied we developed W/O emulsions that showed smaller WDSD as CW
concentration increased, and larger WDSD as the W:O ratio increased. The emulsion
stability, thermal, and microstructural analysis of the W:O emulsions and corresponding
oleogels (no water added) showed that CW developed structured emulsions (Fig. 1). During
emulsification terpenoid alcohols acted as emulsifiers at the oil-water interface, while
n-alkanes remained in the oil phase developing an oleogel. The structured W/O emulsions
were particularly stable ( > 20 days) at CW concentrations above 0.75% and at W:O ratios
below 60:40. The CW structured W/O emulsions showed a mayonnaise-like visual texture
(Fig. 2) with thixothropic and frequency independent rheological behavior useful to
develop trans-free, low-fat edible spreads.
Trans fat reduction for oil suppliers
Authors:   Cargill, Smith Paul
Published: November 2022

The development of improved trans free fats is necessary in order to replicate the
functionality of trans containing systems. Several different approaches are available to
oil suppliers. These have different pros and cons and are at different stages of
development from well known to speculative. In this presentation we will explore some of
the routes that have been used or are under development. This will comprise many
different possibilities such as breeding of crops (such as canola or soy), application
and blending of fats (including tropical and temperate oils), processing including novel
techniques and novel oils such as those produced by micro-organisms. In this talk we
will explore the different options and consider how they can be applied and used to
create functional systems that can be applied in different applications. We will
highlight how by understanding the behavior and physical properties of fats new systems
can be designed in a way that meets the requirements of the consumer and enable
customers to make high quality goods that retain all the functionalities required whilst
using desirable fats.
Lipidomic analysis of TRPC1 Ca2+-permeable channel-knock out mouse demonstrates a
vital role in placental tissue sphingolipid and triacylglycerol homeostasis under
high-fat diet
Authors:   USDA-ARS- Beltsville Human
            Nutrition Research Center, Bukowski Michael , Singh Brij ,   UT Health San
            Antonio, Roemmich James ,   USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human
            Nutrition Research Center, Larson Kate ,   USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human
            Nutrition Research Center
Published: November 2022

Placental function including oxygen delivery and nutrient transport are critical
determinants of fetal growth,  moderating the risks of obesity and metabolic diseases
later in life. Previously, we demonstrated in a mouse model that parental diet and
exercise play important roles in placental lipid content and inflammation. Transient
receptor potential canonical channel 1 (TRPC1) is a Ca2+-permeable integral membrane
protein. We have demonstrated that TRPC1 increases total body adiposity in mice by
decreasing the efficacy of exercise to limit adipose accumulation under a high fat (HF)
diet. Importantly, intracellular calcium may regulate total body adiposity and increased
total body adiposity could promote placental lipid accumulation. Similarly,
intracellular calcium regulates membrane lipid content via the activation of the protein
kinase C. Membrane lipids such as sphingomyelin are key regulators of cell signaling.
Maternal HF diets increase placental tissue lipid concentrations resulting in
compromised nutrient transport to fetus. However, the specific lipid species that
accumulate due to the absence of the placental TRPC1 gene under maternal HF diet feeding
is not yet known.  We hypothesized that placental tissue response to a maternal HF diet
is disrupted in TRPC1 mice fed a maternal HF diet resulting in greater cellular
sphingomyelin concentrations. Results showed placentae from TRPC1 KO mice fed high fat
diet (45% en, HF) had increased sphingomyelin concentrations compared to control diet
(16% en, NF). Placentae from WT mice fed HF diet exhibited diet-dependent increases in
ceramide concentration with no concomitant increase in sphingomyelins compared to NF fed
WT mice. Additionally, 11 placental triacylglycerol (TAG) species were different based
on diet, 16 based on genotype, and 5 were affected by both diet and genotype.  These
results suggest that during a HF diet, loss of TRPC1 function reduces placental
sphingomyelin hydrolysis into ceramide and that placental TAG concentrations respond in
diet- and genotype-dependent manner.
Extraction of clove oil via solvent-enhanced capillary displacement
Authors:   University of
            Toronto, Tan Carol , Acosta Edgar ,   University of
            Toronto
Published: November 2022

Extraction of flavours and fragrances from plants and other biomass substrates is
often carried out by steam distillation or solvent extraction (including supercritical
extraction). Steam distillation is the oldest, most common, method of extraction but its
effectiveness is limited for oils with lower volatility such as clove oil (eugenol
boiling point is more than 200 Celsius). Solvent extraction is a more effective method
for oil extraction, but it often requires large solvent/biomass ratios, and the recovery
of such large quantities of solvent via distillation. In this work we use food-grade
lecithin microemulsionsÂ to promote low interfacial tension between the oil phase and
water that can promote the displacement of oil bodies from the biomass matrix. The use
of the HLD-NAC framework (to formulate these microemulsions, and the extraction
conditions) is discussed and the potential advantages and limitations of the
technology.
Role of interfacial compositions in achieving dispersed phase-induced gelation and
controlled digestion of oil-in-water bilayer nanoemulsions
Authors:   University of
            Saskatchewan, Kadiya Kunal , Ghosh Supratim ,   University of
            Saskatchewan
Published: November 2022

Conventional emulsion gels with sub-micrometre droplet size are part of many foods
where the disperse-phase induced gelation can be achieved at higher oil volume fraction
(f) through random jamming. Interestingly, random jamming can also be induced at a lower
f by reducing the droplet size (r) to nanoscale and increasing the interfacial
shell-layer thickness (d). Specifically, interfacial compositions can play a significant
role in elevating d, when reduction in r becomes a limiting factor. In this study, two
different interfacial compositions (low molecular weight emulsifier (Citrem) or whey
protein isolate (WPI)) were used to prepare the single-layer 40wt% O/W nanoemulsions (r
~ 200 nm) using high-pressure homogenization. To increase the d, the second layer of
polysaccharide (chitosan or pectin) was deposited on single-layer-stabilized
nanodroplets using the layer-by-layer (LbL) electrostatic deposition technique.
Deposition of chitosan transformed a liquid Citrem-stabilized single-layer emulsion into
repulsive bilayer weak emulsions gel, indicated by 15 times increase in storage modulus
(GÂ¢). Oppositely, deposition of pectin second layer on WPI-stabilized nanodroplets
showed a much stronger elastic bilayer gel. A self-standing viscoelastic gel obtained
for the WPI-pectin bilayer nanoemulsions could be attributed to the close-packed
structure (random jamming) of nanodroplets compared to the lack of that in
Citrem-chitosan-stabilized bilayer nanoemulsions at similar f (0.36). The electrostatic
and steric repulsive forces (from the WPI and pectin) significantly contributed to
achieving the dispersed phase-induced gelation by elevating d and effective oil volume
fraction (feff) of nanodroplets. The deposition of the second layer, chitosan and
pectin, on nanodroplets also led to 32% and 57% reduction of in vitro lipid
digestibility, respectively, compared to single-layer nanoemulsions. Overall, this study
showed that the dispersed-phase induced gelation (at a lower oil content) and controlled
digestion in nanoemulsions can be achieved by manipulating the interfacial
compositions.
Characterization of the mechanical properties, freeze-thaw stability, and oxidative
stability of edible, high-lipid rice bran wax-gelatin biphasic gels
Authors:   Iowa State
            University, Cho Karin , Acevedo Nuria ,   Griffith
            Foods, Tarte Rodrigo ,   Iowa State
            University
Published: November 2022

Although some consumers have a negative connotation of fats in food products, fats
provide a unique mouthfeel, texture, and flavor to foods. Biphasic gels, which are
semi-solid systems composed of two generally immiscible systems, were investigated as
they may offer a potential solution to remove or reduce semi-solid fats in foods without
sacrificing functionality. Edible biphasic gels with high lipid fractions ( >50%) were
developed and characterized. The gels consisted of gelatin in aqueous buffer (hydrogel;
HY), and rice bran wax in high-oleic soybean oil (oleogel; OE). The OE:HY ratios
prepared were Â 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, and 70:30. Thermal analysis was performed with
differential scanning calorimetry. Freeze-thaw stability of the gels was studied by
rheology, liquid loss measurement, and microstructural characterization before and after
one freeze-thaw cycle. Biphasic gels were also stored for approximately 6 months under
accelerated oxidation conditions at 22Â°C to assess oxidative stability through PV
analysis. The combination of HY and OE led to superior systems compared to the
individual gel components. The yield stress (s*) values for biphasic gels were greater
than for OE alone, and increased as the proportion of HY increased. CLSM showed that the
HY was the continuous phase for all ratios. After exposure to one freeze-thaw cycle,
biphasic gels showed no visual differences, a reduced water loss and an increase in Gâ€™
when compared to pure HY. Oxidative stability of the biphasic gels was shown by the low
PV (less than 3 meq/kg) after the storage period. By changing the OE:HY, the biphasic
gel can be tailored as semi-solid fat replacers with desired properties and good overall
stability. The findings from this study demonstrate the improved functionality of oils
by formulating into a biphasic gel system, thus potential to replace semi-solid
fats.
An investigation into the effect of high fat and carbohydrate diets on a range of
biomarkers associated with pancreatitis in dogs
Authors:   Massey University, Thomas David , Bermingham Emma ,   AgResearch
            Ltd, Roberts Mark ,   Nutritional Instinct
            Consultancy Services LLC, Young Wayne ,   AgResearch
            Ltd
Published: November 2022

Studies suggest that dogs preferentially choose fat as their major dietary energy
source (59-63% of the total metabolisable energy (ME) content of the diet). However,
high fat diets have been linked to the development of pancreatitis in dogs. This study
investigated several biomarkers associated with pancreatitis in dogs fed either a high
fat (HF; Protein: Fat: Carbohydrate content; 35%:63%:2% ME; n= 10 dogs) or high
carbohydrate (HC; Protein: Fat: Carbohydrate content; 17%:32%:51% ME) diet.A high fat
meal tolerance test (MTT) was undertaken on dogs (n=20) at baseline consuming a
commercial dry food diet (Protein: Fat: Carbohydrate content; 23%:25%:52% on an ME
basis) and then again after 8 weeks consuming either a HF (n=10) or HC (n=10) diet.
Briefly, after an overnight fast, dogs were fed a single meal containing 100% of their
daily requirements (P: F: C content; 35%:63%:2% ME). Each dog was then blood sampled 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, and 24 hours post-prandially. Samples were analysed for plasma
triglycerides and markers of pancreatitis (i.e., pancreatic lipase, endotoxin,
C-reactive protein, Interleukin 1-alpha, Interleukin 6 and Tumour necrosis
factor-alpha). The postprandial peak plasma concentration of triglycerides (Cmax) were
higher (p less than 0.001) at baseline, compared to after feeding of the either the HC
or HF diets for 8 weeks. This suggests dietary components such as moisture level,
specific ingredients, level of diet processing, and possibly apparent nutrient
digestibility were potential factors driving this response. There was no effect of
feeding either HF or HC diets on Cmax values (P >0.05) during the final MTT. This study
suggests that feeding a HF diet for 8 weeks does not elevate blood markers associated
with pancreatitis, with the serum biochemistry and complete blood count indicating the
dogs remained clinically healthy.
The Essentiality of a Healthy Dietary Pattern Across the Lifespan for Reducing the
Global Burden of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors:   The Pennsylvania State
            University, Kris-Etherton Penny
Published: November 2022

Penny Kris-Etherton PhD RD FAHA FASN FNLA CLS;Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the
leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally and in the U.S. Many risk factors,
including an abnormal lipid/lipoprotein profile and high blood pressure (BP) increase
CVD risk. A healthy dietary pattern decreases major CVD risk factors. Diet and lifestyle
factors that affect lipids/lipoproteins include: macronutrients (i.e., saturated fat,
unsaturated fat including omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids, trans fat, carbohydrate,
animal/plant protein), cholesterol, sterols/stanols, fiber, principally viscous, as well
as body weight & weight loss, physical activity and meal timing, among some other
emerging dietary interventions. Diet and lifestyle factors that affect BP include: a
DASH Dietary Pattern, body weight, sodium & potassium, alcohol and physical
activity. Collectively, implementing recommended dietary interventions can markedly
decrease CVD risk. New evidence is accumulating that demonstrates the importance of
controlling CVD risk factors across the lifespan even before birth (i.e., in utero).
Much can be done to markedly decrease CVD morbidity and mortality as the result of
healthy lifestyle practices that are implemented at any stage in life, with the greatest
benefit realized when started early in life and maintained throughout the
lifespan.
Anti-obesity potential of 4,4-dimethylsterols by inhibiting pancreatic
lipase
Authors:   Jiangnan
            University, Zhang Tao , Wang Xingguo ,   Jiangnan
            University
Published: November 2022

This study purified three classes of phytosterols from the unsaponifiable matter
of different vegetable oils using preparative chromatography. Subsequently, their
anti-obesity activity and lipase inhibitory activity were compared using in vivo mice
model, in vitro digestion, and molecular docking. Results indicated that the
4,4-dimethylsterols displayed higher anti-obesity ability through promoting fecal
triacylglycerol excretion and improving fatty acid profiles in adipose tissues. In
contrast, the 4-demthylsteols showed higher cholesterol-lowering activity. In vitro
digestion further proved the 4,4-dimethylsterols significantly decreased the hydrolysis
activity of pancreatic lipase, achieving a higher fatty acid release than
4-desmethylsteorls. Finally, the inhibitory mechanism was proposed as that the
4,4-dimethylsterols possess a hydrogen-binding interaction with the Ser153 in the lipase
catalytic pocket, presumably due to the polarity of hydroxyl group shielded by the two
methyl groups in the structure. Overall, the present work concluded that the inhibitory
activity on pancreatic lipase by 4,4-dimethylsterols can potentially ameliorate
diet-induced obesity.
Tailored rigidity of W/O Pickering emulsions using diacylglycerol-based
surface-active solid lipid nanoparticles
Authors:   Jinan University, Wang Yong , Qiu Chaoying ,   Jinan
            University, Li Guoyan ,   Jinan
            University
Published: November 2022

Pickering water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions were fabricated by using medium-long chain
diacylglycerol (MLCD)-based solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and the connection between
the characteristics of the SLNs and the colloidal stability of the emulsions was
established. Via melt-emulsification and ultrasonication, MLCD-based SLNs with particle
sizes of 120-300 nm were obtained with or without other surfactants. The particle size
of the SLNs was influenced by the chemical properties of the surfactants, and
surfactants decreased the contact angle of SLNs at the oil-water interface. Gelation was
observed in SLNs modified by sodium stearoyl lactylate and lecithin, whereas the
addition of Tween 20 resulted in a homogeneous SLN solution. The adsorption of
surfactants onto SLN surfaces caused the production of higher amounts of alpha crystals
accompanied by delayed crystallization onset which contributed to the reduction of
particle size, interfacial tension and oil wetting ability. The W/O emulsions with
higher rigidity and physical stability can be obtained by varying surfactant types and
by increasing SLN mass ratios to 60%, whereby more SLNs are adsorbed at the droplet
surface as a Pickering stabilizer. This study provides useful insights for the
development of diacylglycerol-based SLNs and Pickering W/O emulsions which have great
potential for food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications.
Environmental quality benefits of winter hardy oilseeds
Authors:   University of
            Minnesota, Gutknecht Jessica
Published: November 2022

FGI is measuring carbon storage, soil health, and climate change mitigation of FGI
crops in several ways, from direct soil measurements of carbon and soil health analysis
to field scale budgeting of energy, water, and greenhouse gas fluxes. However, key gaps
remain in understanding the magnitude of benefits from FGI crops, as well as the most
reliable and scalable methods for assessing key climate responses in agriculture. One
key project aims to quantify the carbon balance and field-scale soil health impacts
of winter camelina in a corn- soybean rotation (annual grain and oilseed relay or
double-crop system), and a KernzaÂ® intermediate wheatgrass - alfalfa rotation
(perennial forage and grain system).
The nutritional impact of trans fatty acids
Authors:   ExxonMobil, Kris-Etherton Penny
Published: November 2022

TBD
Tuning plant protein for improved functionality and flavor profile: From field to
application
Authors:   North Dakota State
            University, Rao Jiajia
Published: November 2022

Recently, plant proteins are gaining in popularity as consumers are looking to
rebalance their diet with more plant-based options. As such, there is a need to
understand the potential of these plant proteins to deliver nutrition and functionality
in various food products. However, plant proteins are still under-utilization in food
and beverage industry due to their characteristic beany and off flavor, lower technical
functionality, such as limited solubility, and some negative taste attributes. In
general, plant protein can be obtained from pulses, cereals and oilseeds. Each plant has
a unique protein structure and composition, thus protein extracted from different plant
has different functional properties and performance in food. In general, plant contain
non-protein components including starch, fiber and oil. High purity of plant protein are
often extracted to by removing all abovementioned non-protein components through
extraction processing. One would expect different extraction methods can influence
protein functionality through denaturation, modification, hydrolysis and cross-linking.
This talk begins with the discussion of how different plant variety and processing
impact on protein functionality using hemp protein as an example. Selective physical and
chemical modification methods (e.g., soluble complexes, pH shift, maillard reaction,
phosphorylation) for generating novel protein constructs with preferable solubility,
foaming, and emulsification properties, thermal stability, and flavor profiles will be
comprehensively discussed by using pea protein isolate (PPI) as a representative. In
general, protein solubility could be improved by means of abovementioned three methods.
Maillard-driven synthesis of the cross-linked PPI-gum arabic conjugates greatly improved
the flavor profile and functionality of PPI. In terms of phosphorylation, sodium
hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is a good candidate to form phosphorylated PPI with enhanced
functionalities including foaming, emulsifying properties and thermal stability. Our
results suggested that protein structure-function researches are valuable in tailoring
proteins for specific functional outcomes and expanding the availability of plant
proteins.
The physicochemical and sensory characteristics ofÂ yoghurt fortified with
encapsulated fish oil/milkfat
Authors:   Monash University/ Riverina oils
            and Bio energy, Nosratpour Mitra , Ma Jisheng ,   Monash
            university, Haritos Victoria ,   Monash
            university, Wang Yong ,   UNSW
Published: November 2022

High DHA fish oil with ~40% long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids is beneficial
for health. Blending fish oil with milkfat with saturated fatty acids in a chilled
environment into solid lipid particles (SLP) increases stability and reduces undesirable
taste and odour. SLP can be mixed into dairy products to fortify them with long-chain
omega-3 fatty acids. Here, SLPs of fish oil and milkfat with ratio of 50:50 and 70:30 (
w/w) of ~1 mm in diameter were mixed into plain Greek-style yoghurt at 1.2% (w/w). The
crystalline structure of SLPs, potential fatty acid leakage, and other physicochemical
properties of yoghurt were analysed after 1 day and 28 days of storage at 4Â°C. Gas
chromatographic analysis of yoghurt with and without SLPs showed that the fatty acid
composition did not change after 28 days. Sensory evaluation of fresh yoghurt containing
SLPs was compared with plain yoghurt, or yoghurt blended with fish oil on an untrained
panel of 30 people. This study demonstrated that SLPs could be mixed with yoghurt to
maintain stable characteristics for at least 28 days at 4Â°C. SLPs successfully masked
undesirable flavours from fish oil within the yoghurt matrix without any detectable
changes in pH, colour, viscosity, and texture.
The Changes That Occur in the Immune System During Immune Activation in Patients With Prediabetes From All Ethnicities, Aged 25-45 Years: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mzimela Nomusa Christina , Sosibo Aubrey Mbulelo , Ngubane Phikelelani Siphosethu , Khathi Andile
Published: November 2022

Background

Prediabetes is an asymptomatic, intermediate state between normoglycemia and the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent reports indicate that during prediabetes, there are subclinical changes to immune cells and inflammatory markers. Therefore, this systematic review will provide a synthesis of the available data on the changes in the concentration of immune cells and selective inflammatory markers. It will also give evidence of a demographic impact on changes or complications in the prediabetes state.

Objective

The objectives of this study are to create a protocol that will be used to analyze the collected data of previously published research based on immune cells such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils, as well as inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, P-selectin, cluster of differentiation 40 ligand, and fibrinogen. Additionally, an impact of demographics will be determined using the previously published data collected.

Methods

This protocol was prepared through adhering to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) 2015 guidelines for reporting protocols. Published clinical studies that involve observational (cross-sectional, comparative cross-sectional, case-control, or cohort) study designs that include normal or nondiabetic and prediabetes reports will be used in this systematic review and meta-analysis. This will be accomplished by using clinical Medical Subject Headings to search on MEDLINE, Cochrane library, and African Journal Online. Reviewers (NCM, AMS, and AK) will screen all the results and select the studies that meet the eligibility criteria. Downs and Black Checklist will be used to check the risk of bias, and then a Review Manager v5.4 forest plot will be used for meta-analysis. Additionally, the forest plot will also be used for sensitivity analysis. The strength of evidence will then be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Results

Since July 5, 2020, there are no participants recruited. Publicly available data will be used in the review and will be collected after this protocol publication. No ethics approval is required as no subjects will be used, and analysis will be based on reported data. Authors will be contacted if there was a misunderstanding related to reading their reported data.

Conclusions

The findings will clarify changes that might be observed in a study of interest based in the eThekwini district in South Africa.

Trial Registration

International Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42020184828; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=184828

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/31619
The Use of Smartphone Keystroke Dynamics to Passively Monitor Upper Limb and Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis: Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Lam Ka-Hoo , Twose James , Lissenberg-Witte Birgit , Licitra Giovanni , Meijer Kim , Uitdehaag Bernard , De Groot Vincent , Killestein Joep
Published: November 2022

Background

Typing on smartphones, which has become a near daily activity, requires both upper limb and cognitive function. Analysis of keyboard interactions during regular typing, that is, keystroke dynamics, could therefore potentially be utilized for passive and continuous monitoring of function in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Objective

To determine whether passively acquired smartphone keystroke dynamics correspond to multiple sclerosis outcomes, we investigated the association between keystroke dynamics and clinical outcomes (upper limb and cognitive function). This association was investigated longitudinally in order to study within-patient changes independently of between-patient differences.

Methods

During a 1-year follow-up, arm function and information processing speed were assessed every 3 months in 102 patients with multiple sclerosis with the Nine-Hole Peg Test and Symbol Digit Modalities Test, respectively. Keystroke-dynamics data were continuously obtained from regular typing on the participants’ own smartphones. Press-and-release latency of the alphanumeric keys constituted the fine motor score cluster, while latency of the punctuation and backspace keys constituted the cognition score cluster. The association over time between keystroke clusters and the corresponding clinical outcomes was assessed with linear mixed models with subjects as random intercepts. By centering around the mean and calculating deviation scores within subjects, between-subject and within-subject effects were distinguished.

Results

Mean (SD) scores for the fine motor score cluster and cognition score cluster were 0.43 (0.16) and 0.94 (0.41) seconds, respectively. The fine motor score cluster was significantly associated with the Nine-Hole Peg Test: between-subject β was 15.9 (95% CI 12.2-19.6) and within-subject β was 6.9 (95% CI 2.0-11.9). The cognition score cluster was significantly associated with the Symbol Digit Modalities Test between subjects (between-subject β –11.2, 95% CI –17.3 to –5.2) but not within subjects (within-subject β –0.4, 95% CI –5.6 to 4.9).

Conclusions

Smartphone keystroke dynamics were longitudinally associated with multiple sclerosis outcomes. Worse arm function corresponded with longer latency in typing both across and within patients. Worse processing speed corresponded with higher latency in using punctuation and backspace keys across subjects. Hence, keystroke dynamics are a potential digital biomarker for remote monitoring and predicting clinical outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Trial Registration

Netherlands Trial Register NTR7268; https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NTR7268
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Screening Intentions During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan: Web-Based Survey
Authors: Akahane Takemi , Nakanishi Yasuhiro , Yoshiji Hitoshi , Akahane Manabu
Published: November 2022

Background

The number of people undergoing cancer screening decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic may have affected the willingness and motivation of undergoing cancer screening by those eligible for it.

Objective

This study aims to clarify the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the intention to undergo cancer and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) screening.

Methods

We performed a web-based survey on the intention to undergo screening among 1236 men and women aged 20-79 years. The numbers of participants by sex and 10-year age groups were equal. The survey was conducted in January 2021, during which the government declared a state of emergency because of the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. Emergency declarations were issued in 11 prefectures among all the 47 prefectures in Japan.

Results

In total, 66.1% (817/1236) of the participants felt anxious about undergoing screening due to COVID-19. More women than men were anxious about undergoing screening. By modality, EGD had the highest percentage of participants with anxiety due to COVID-19. Regarding the intention to change the participants’ appointment for screening, the most common strategies were to book an appointment for a time during nonpeak hours, postpone the appointment to a later date, and change the mode of transportation. In addition, 35.8% (442/1236) of the participants were willing to cancel this year’s screening appointment. Among the 1236 participants, 757 (61.2%) were scheduled for screening in 2020. Of the 757 participants in this subgroup, 68% (n=515) did not change the schedule, 6.1% (n=46) cancelled, and 26% (n=197) made some changes, including changing the appointment date, hospital, or mode of transportation. Among the 296 participants scheduled for EGD screening, 18.9% (n=56) made some changes, 5.7% (n=17) cancelled on their own, and 2.7% (n=8) cancelled on the hospital’s order. Based on the previous screening results, the percentage of participants who felt anxious about EGD due to the COVID-19 pandemic was higher in the order of those who had not undergone screening and those who were judged to be in need of further examination in screening but did not visit a hospital for it. In the logistic regression analysis, the factors associated with anxiety about EGD screening due to the COVID-19 pandemic were “viral infection prevention measures,” “waiting time,” “fees (medical expenses),” “mode of transportation,” “worry about my social position if I contracted COVID-19,” and “perceived the risk of gastric cancer.” However, “residence in declared emergency area” was not associated with EGD anxiety due to COVID-19.

Conclusions

Excessive anxiety about COVID-19 may lead to serious outcomes, such as a “decreasing intention to undergo EGD screening,” and it is necessary to thoroughly implement infection prevention measures and provide correct information to examinees.
Evolution of Public Opinion on COVID-19 Vaccination in Japan: Large-Scale Twitter Data Analysis
Authors: Kobayashi Ryota , Takedomi Yuka , Nakayama Yuri , Suda Towa , Uno Takeaki , Hashimoto Takako , Toyoda Masashi , Yoshinaga Naoki , Kitsuregawa Masaru , Rocha Luis E C
Published: November 2022

Background

Vaccines are promising tools to control the spread of COVID-19. An effective vaccination campaign requires government policies and community engagement, sharing experiences for social support, and voicing concerns about vaccine safety and efficiency. The increasing use of online social platforms allows us to trace large-scale communication and infer public opinion in real time.

Objective

This study aimed to identify the main themes in COVID-19 vaccine-related discussions on Twitter in Japan and track how the popularity of the tweeted themes evolved during the vaccination campaign. Furthermore, we aimed to understand the impact of critical social events on the popularity of the themes.

Methods

We collected more than 100 million vaccine-related tweets written in Japanese and posted by 8 million users (approximately 6.4% of the Japanese population) from January 1 to October 31, 2021. We used Latent Dirichlet Allocation to perform automated topic modeling of tweet text during the vaccination campaign. In addition, we performed an interrupted time series regression analysis to evaluate the impact of 4 critical social events on public opinion.

Results

We identified 15 topics grouped into the following 4 themes: (1) personal issue, (2) breaking news, (3) politics, and (4) conspiracy and humor. The evolution of the popularity of themes revealed a shift in public opinion, with initial sharing of attention over personal issues (individual aspect), collecting information from news (knowledge acquisition), and government criticism to focusing on personal issues. Our analysis showed that the Tokyo Olympic Games affected public opinion more than other critical events but not the course of vaccination. Public opinion about politics was significantly affected by various social events, positively shifting attention in the early stages of the vaccination campaign and negatively shifting attention later.

Conclusions

This study showed a striking shift in public interest in Japan, with users splitting their attention over various themes early in the vaccination campaign and then focusing only on personal issues, as trust in vaccines and policies increased. An interrupted time series regression analysis showed that the vaccination rollout to the general population (under 65 years) increased the popularity of tweets about practical advice and personal vaccination experience, and the Tokyo Olympic Games disrupted public opinion but not the course of the vaccination campaign. The methodology developed here allowed us to monitor the evolution of public opinion and evaluate the impact of social events on public opinion, using large-scale Twitter data.
The Creative Legacy of the Great Russian Poet Boris Pasternak: Traditions and Innovation in His Poetic Works
Authors: Supian Supian , Prikhoda Ekaterina , Dallyono Ruswan , Ladinata Ladinata , Karyaningsih Tri Yulianty , Miksalmina Miksalmina
Published: November 2022

This study examines the poems of Boris Pasternak, the famed Russian literary figure. It analyzes and compares the poet's works with those of his contemporaries and predecessors’. Some motifs, themes, images, and characteristic features of the stylistics and tropics of poetic creativity in Pasternak's lyrics were revealed, which signify the influence of traditions and innovation. By employing several literary criticism methods, namely those of close reading, a structuralist analysis, and biographical criticism, this study found that there is a wealth of themes both old and new in Pasternak’s poetry. These themes were mostly derived from past authors, which confirm the findings of Baróthy (2015), Han (2015), and Polivanova & Polivanov (2018). These themes were then reconstructed in Pasternak’s works in a way that signify these works as a celebration of the old and the welcoming of the new in the Russian literary tradition. This study has cemented Boris Pasternak’s role as a hub linking the old and the new generations in Russian literature.
The Subordination of The Queen in the Narrative Lampahan Juměněngipun Nata Dewi Kancana Wungu, an Episode of Langěndriya Manuscript
Authors: Habibah Nurmalia , Hanidar Sharifah
Published: November 2022

Lampahan Juměněngipun Nata Dewi Kancana Wungu (LJNDKW) is a fragment of the legend of Damarwulan. It presents Kancana Wungu, a royal female figure who is represented in a more superordinate position than most of female characters in stories revolving around Javanese court life. The primary objectives of this study are: firstly, to explore the reason why this form of narrative becomes paradoxical and secondly, to find the meaning of it within its historical context. In order to achieve a more profound understanding of the narrative, a review of the positioning of women will be based on theories proposed by Sylvia Walby. By applying philological methods in collecting and providing readable narrative, this study then finds its interpretation of the narrative that “superordinate” position of the seemingly empowered queen is a form of segregation.
Prostitute Praising Represented by Male Novelists in Post-1998 Religious Society
Authors: Apristia Lelu Dina
Published: November 2022

Prostitute praising is represented by Remy Sylado in novel titled Ca-Bau-Kan: Hanya Sebuah Dosa (1999)  and Arswendo Atmowiloto in novel titled Dewi Kawi (2008). Prostitute praising in the novels written by males in religious society in the midst of discourse about freedom of expression flowing in post-1998 era in Indonesia becomes problem of this research. Regarding the problem, this research aims to identify: (1) how prostitute praising is represented by males in their novel, (2) why male novelists produce such representations by applying Stuart Hall’s representation theory in relation to production of meaning through language and production of knowledge through discourse. The theory application reveals that male novelists represent prostitute praising in private and public domain which are mixed up and that there is relation between male and female in the domains siding with male as constructed by post-1998 discursive formation involving the state and religions to uphold masculine domination.
Research on the Realization Path of Legal Governance of Ecological Environment in China in the New Era
Authors: Zhang Mi
Published: November 2022

The new era puts forward stricter requirements for ecological environment governance. At present, there are some problems in ecological environment governance in China, such as incomplete legislative system, unclear law enforcement authority, insufficient ability, limited functions, poor judicial protection, and inadequate law-abiding. Therefore, in the new era, strengthening the process of environmental legislation, perfecting the environmental legal system, strengthening the construction of the law enforcement system of ecological environment, constructing the judicial guarantee of ecological environment, and promoting the whole people to abide by the law are the only paths and choices to strengthen ecological environment governance.
Water level control in regional river vessels using automatic rule-a-matic attached to the rule basement pump
Authors: Dourado Erick de Souza , Farias Izaias Castro
Published: November 2022

The economic impetus caused by the need to renew the Brazilian fleet of vessels, together with the growth of activities in the sector, collided with the major obstacle of the lack of construction structure in the country, due to the high degree of obsoleteness of the industrial park of the shipyards, including the ship parts industries. The most economically viable solution found by shipowners and operators was to order vessels designed and, when possible, also built abroad, which would not generate jobs and income for Brazilian workers and would not place the national industry within the current level of technological development of the international shipbuilding. The purpose of the present work is to use the automatic RULE-A-MATIC coupled to the RULE bilge pump so that the captain and engineer can be alerted about possible unexpected flooding at the bottom of the vessel. A comparison was made between the main pumps available on the market in order to justify the choice for the RULE pump, as well as describing each of the materials used for the construction of the prototype. The results indicate that, at the end of the prototype construction and after several tests, as well as reading and comparison about other bilge pumps, it is pointed out that the choice of the RULE 500 GPH pump (Galão per Hour) is due to the fact that most medium and large wooden vessels use a centrifugal pump coupled to the vessel's engine for this removal in motion and, when the vessel is anchored, the engineer starts the HONDA 5.5 HP engine, to remove water from the bottom of the vessel. vessel. However, we use the RULE pump to avoid physical wear and tear by the driver and also a higher fuel consumption, as well as a lower energy cost on the vessel. Being this pump market leader, featuring better quality, durability and reliability.