bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kırılganlıkların Müellifi Barış Bıçakçı
Authors: Türk Şennur
Published: May 2024

Günümüz Türk edebiyatı yazarlarından Barış Bıçakçı, romanlarında, karakterlerinin duygu dünyalarını dile getirirken sık sık müziğin insan ruhuyla kurduğu etkileşimden yararlanmaktadır. Bu etkileşim, daha çok Bıçakçı’nın romanlarındaki karakterlerin yaşadıkları sevinç, umut, hüzün, çekingenlik, yalnızlık, hayal kırıklığı gibi duygularının içinde filizlenen kırılganlıklarının tam da dile getirilmesi gerektiği anda bir radyodan, pikaptan veya başka bir şekilde etrafa yayılan ya da sözü edilen bir müzik vasıtasıyla gerçekleştirilmektedir. Şarkıların sözlerinin tamamı romanlarda verilmemekle birlikte, bu durum, roman kahramanının iç dünyasını, kırılganlıklarını dile getirmede etkili olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Bıçakçı’nın romanlarındaki kırılganlık duygusunu dile getirirken müziği nasıl kullandığı ve bunun sanatın alımlayıcısı olan okura nasıl yansıdığı sorularına cevap aranacaktır.
Hissiyat ve Duyarlılık: Laurence Sterne’ün Duygu Yolculuğu’nda Mütehassis Papaz Yorick’in (Hissî) Sergüzeşti
Authors: Buğdaycı Çiğdem
Published: May 2024

Bu makalede, Laurence Sterne’ün Duygu Yolculuğu eserinin adında geçen “sentimental” kelimesinin ve içinde bulunduğu kelime öbeğinin “Duyarlılık Çağı” olarak da adlandırılan on sekizinci yüzyılda kazandığı anlam ve önemin hem etimolojik hem de felsefî açıdan ele alınması gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır. Bu kelime öbeğinin Türkçe çevirileri, kelimenin Latin dillerindeki etimolojisi ve Osmanlıca çeviriler üzerinden tartışılmaktadır. Türkçeye yapılan çevirilerde bazı anlamların yitirildiği ve duygusal açıdan özgül bağlamlandırmaların eksik kaldığı gösterilmektedir. Ayrıca, çevirilerdeki tutarsızlıkların sadece kaotik bir kavramsal alan yaratmakla kalmayıp, yanlış yorumlamalara da yol açtığı savunulmaktadır. Duyarlılık kültünün ve onun içerdiği hissiyatın Latin dillerine özgü olup onların entelektüel geleneklerinden kaynaklanmasından yola çıkarak, Yorick karakterinin hislerinin önemi; Duygu Yolculuğu’nun ayrıntılı metin analizi, eserin alımlanması ve felsefî arka planının incelenmesi yoluyla analiz edilmektedir.
The Making of Contemporary Northeastern Pennsylvania and the City of Hazleton
Authors: Shackel Paul A.
Published: May 2024

Parts of northeastern Pennsylvania are becoming the residence of a new Latinx migrant. While many in the traditional white community are descendants of people who immigrated from eastern and southern Europe over a century ago and faced hardships from racism and forms of structural violence, many have little desire to be compassionate toward the newcomers. The City of Hazleton created anti-immigration legislation, the Illegal Immigration Relief Act, which received national and international attention, only to be struck down by the higher courts. The Tea Party has gained strength in what once was a Democratic stronghold, and fear and loathing of the outsiders and the federal government only strengthened after the 2016 presidential election.
Public Workers in Service of America
Authors: McCartin Joseph A. , Boris Eileen
Published: May 2024

This edited volume on public workers in the twentieth-century United States brings together cutting-edge research on a sector that has shaped both American labor and the American state. The book defines public workers as civilian employees of county, municipal, state, and federal governments. Such workers run the gamut from white-collar civil servants to laborers in government factors, from public school teachers to police officers, from sanitation workers to nurses. The history of public work reflects long-standing conflicts in the United States over the nature and goals of governing, the relationship between public good and private gain, and the rights of American workers individually and collectively. The essays in this volume seek not only to define public work but also to introduce readers to public workers themselves: Who has worked in the public sector, and what has motivated them to take these jobs? What kinds of work have they done? How have they organized themselves--informally and in unions--to demand higher pay, decent working conditions, and the ability to meet the needs of the public they serve? The answers to these questions, this book shows, depend on time and place, with public workers responding not just to their work conditions but also to changes in American life over the twentieth century.
Police Unions and Public Sector Labor Law and Policy
Authors: Slater Joseph E.
Published: May 2024

This chapter analyzes the history of law and policy on police unions, from the Boston police strike of 1919 to modern debates over whether police unions increase abusive policing. Concerns about police unions have long driven debates that have affected all public sector unions in terms of labor law rules, policy, and even the structure of the public sector labor movement generally. Such concerns delayed the passage of the first statute granting any public employees the right to bargain collectively in Wisconsin in 1959. The chapter concludes by analyzing modern criticisms of police unions, now from the political left, and some statutory amendments made in response to those criticisms.
Going Carceral
Authors: Wakpa Tria Blu , Musial Jennifer
Published: May 2024

As prisons in the U.S. are frequently located in remote areas and regulate outsider access and/or information about their operations, mainstream narratives about prison yoga shape public opinion about the carceral system and those within it. In this chapter, we ask, what are the politics undergirding representations of prison yoga programs? To answer this, we examine a 2011 three-part series about yoga in prison that ran on Elephant Journal written by Anneke Lucas and with accompanying photographs by Robert Sturman. Building on Shari Huhndorf’s framework of “going native”—which highlights how European American settlers in the U.S. have constructed their racial and gender identities in relationship to non-native representations of Indigenous peoples—we offer the term “going carceral.” This concept describes how prison yoga narratives paint European American, White outsiders as heroic and benevolent figures while typecasting people who are imprisoned and representing yoga as a civilizing apparatus. We argue that in focusing on the incarcerated individual and his need for reformation and not addressing the system of the prison industrial complex nor questions of yoga access and representation, these articles reify the exclusion, invisiblization, and/or typecasting of people who are imprisoned. Ultimately, to shift social inequities, we argue for the importance of structural changes, such as the abolition of the prison industrial complex, and counter narratives written by and with people who are imprisoned.
Social Control, Punishment, and Gender
Authors: Romero-Delgado Marta
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines prison experiences of women who joined two Peruvian left-wing armed groups, the Peruvian Communist Party-Shining Path and the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement. Female participation in this recent stage of political violence in Peru (1980-2000) was widespread, which led to the construction of the social representations of women belonging to these groups as “cruel, perverse and unnatural”. This stereotype and prejudice contribute to punished women social, symbolic and judicially more severe than men, even if they were accused of lesser charges. Many of the punishments that these women suffered, were and still are, based on gender. Furthermore, this gendered character of punishment is clearly interwoven with another kind of violence and discrimination, racism.
Idolatry and Iconoclasm in K-Pop Fandom
Authors: Lie John
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores how the Egyptian singer Shaykh Imam became an “ordinary icon” whose critical compositions boldly challenged the Egyptian government’s hold on history. Following a brief overview of Imam’s life, the chapter examines how audiocassette technology fueled his career and provided a powerful means of circulation at a time when Egyptian radio was state-controlled. Looking at a single song, “d’Estaing,” that served as an informal soundtrack for a historic event—French President Valéry Giscard d’Estaing’s 1975 visit to Egypt—the chapter shows how Imam openly mocked the politician’s promises, offering one of several counternarratives that angered Egyptian authorities and energized the Arab left. The chapter concludes by addressing Imam’s surprising resurgence during the “Arab Spring” via online performances posted on social media.
Introduction
Authors: Çelik Burçe
Published: May 2024

The introduction sets out the book’s theoretical and methodological approach by drawing relevant arguments from critical international political economy of communications, the social history of multiple modernities, and decolonial approaches. It also challenges West-centric historical assumptions about the origins and development of modern communications, largely through the lens of critical theories from the Global South. The chapter also details the resources used for the longue durée historical study, such as the primary archive data and oral history interviews with various actors in communications development. It delineates how the study defines communications as assemblages of material and discursive elements, including infrastructure, organizations, means of communications and meaning.
Su Friedrich
Authors: Mennel Barbara
Published: May 2024

This volume by Barbara Mennel defines Friedrich’s signature in four clusters of her films that analyze the progression of her oeuvre’s style. Out of the twenty-two films that she has made over her career, fifteen feature prominently in this book. This volume privileges in-depth discussion of the majority of Friedrich’s oeuvre, including textual and contextual analyses of those films that advanced her career, claiming a comprehensive account of her authorship. This leaves aside primarily films that appeared either in the early or late period of her filmmaking when she developed her style in short films or created more and shorter digital films. Friedrich established herself as experimental filmmaker with her signature practice of scratching and rhythmic editing. She developed a film language that traces the process of gendering subjects, while eschewing normative narrative expectations. Her oeuvre and its overarching stylistic characteristics enable Friedrich’s exemplary significance across activism and art to come to the fore.
Gozando
Authors: Soares Kristie
Published: May 2024

Chapter 1 asks how gozando (loosely, enjoying oneself) was used to create non-normative models of gender during the early days of salsa music production. The chapter traces the discourse of gozando in the music, lyrics, and marketing produced by and for salsa artists Ray Barretto and La Lupe between 1965 and 1974. Specifically, the chapter explores how Ray Barretto tied gozando not to the objectification of women but rather to Puerto Rican nationalist politics, while La Lupe would subversively gozar in interstitial yelps and moans as a way to negotiate the stereotype of the mulata woman. These analyses paint a picture of the gendered critique gozando offered in a period of Latinx music production that is otherwise noted for its patriarchal power structures.
From Stagnation to Revival
Authors: Manuel Peter
Published: May 2024

This chapter covers flamenco history from the 1920s to the modern period. With the decline of the cafés cantantes and the rise of a moralistic anti-flamenco campaign, followed by the cultural repression and stagnation of the Franco regime, flamenco struggled to survive. A belated revival commenced in the 1950s and 1960s, comprising the activism and scholarship of Antonio Mairena, the production of recorded anthologies and “flamencological” literature, the establishment of competitions and festivals, and other developments. The period saw the further consolidation, expansion, and refinement of vocal repertoire and guitar techniques, and especially the emergence of brilliant performers such as vocalist Camarón de la Isla and guitarist Paco de Lucía, along with eclectic innovations in the realm of nuevo flamenco (“new flamenco”).
Sleep Fictions
Authors: Huber Hannah L.
Published: May 2024

Sleep Fictions argues that US literature provided its own response to the nation’s Progressive-Era obsession with wakefulness. Narratives by authors Henry James, Charles Chesnutt, Edith Wharton, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman emerged at a time when conceptions of rest were reshaped by the coalescence of America’s Protestant work ethic and industrial advancement. Marginalized literary figures suffer amid the permeating sprawl of modernity, with its artificial light, traffic commotion, and twenty-four-hour productivity, as they are constantly compelled by the cultural clock and pushed beyond bodily limits within an increasingly mechanized world. Even now, popular US print culture is rife with anxieties about sleep, yet scholarship lacks an in-depth exploration of how these concerns emerged in fin de siècle US literature. Complementing the book is a Scalar digital humanities companion, a digital archive of primary texts intertextualized through sleep-themed tag visualizations, ranging from the Sleeping Beauty trope and neurasthenia to the criminality of sleep and pseudoscience. Alongside its digital component, Sleep Fictions shines a much-needed light on the pivotal yet enigmatic role sleep plays in American life, offering humanities scholars new ways to understand the circumscription of sleep and social agency in the modern age.
Conclusion
Authors: Huber Hannah L.
Published: May 2024

This conclusion traces connections between adequate rest and socioeconomic mobility across literary texts by Henry James, Charles Chesnutt, Edith Wharton, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Collectively, these authors challenge cultural assumptions about conquering sleep and foretell society’s ongoing obsession with sleep. Unfortunately, today’s popular sleep discourse continues to advocate for self-discipline and sleep aids, yet models for liberatory sleep practices do exist: the Nap Ministry, a Black-led organization that mobilizes social media to promote awareness, espouses Black rest as a form of radical resistance. Despite such efforts, dominant narratives around sleep continue to value efficiency over rest, and the privilege of claiming sleep for oneself while capitalizing on the sleeplessness of others predicts a frightening future defined by sleep supremacy.
Liberace’s Surfaces
Authors: Graham Pheaross
Published: May 2024

This chapter connects Liberace’s pianism and musicianship to fantasies of Las Vegas, examining a representative medley he performed for The Johnny Carson Show. Not passing over proletariat audiences dismissed otherwise by “serious” artists, Liberace fashioned a democratic pianistic strategy that foregrounded surfaces to engage and include listeners deterred by formal, straitlaced concert halls and perhaps hard-to-follow repertory. Skipping the “spiritual struggle,” Liberace’s inclusive virtuosity championed surfaces that encouraged American Dream fantasies. Musically, Liberace scrubbed away structuralism, architectural development, fine-graded nuances, counterpoint, and inner complexities in his classical repertoire, offering his audiences directness and instant gratification. This chapter briefly contemplates Liberace’s musical approach swaying other twentieth- and twenty-first-century superstars, including Elvis and Trump.
The Real Deal
Authors: Das Joanna Dee , House-Tuck Maddie
Published: May 2024

This chapter compares the tourist destinations of Branson, Missouri, and Las Vegas, Nevada—two cities often considered vastly different—to argue that they share a reliance on celebrity impersonation to stage visions of the American Dream. It focuses on the tribute show Legends in Concert, which appears in both cities, as a case study. Legends in Concert fosters audience communion with facsimiles of celebrities that appear as “the real deal.” In so doing, the show reveals a paradox at the heart of post-truth America that Branson and Vegas entertainment industries capitalize upon: that which is inauthentic may be the only “real” component of the American way.
Specters of Mine
Authors: Lanfossi Carlo
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines musicological fieldwork from a hauntological, nonlinear perspective. Set in the region of the Death Valley desert, between Nevada and California, it narrates the 2014 encounter with artist Marta Becket and the opera house she created in the middle of nowhere. From the highways surrounding Las Vegas to the Amargosa Valley and its former borax mines, from the ghostly performance of pop singers in hotel bars and movies to the Foucaultian entanglements experienced in the desert, this chapter presents a constellation of past and present actants to argue for a multitemporal approach to musicological discourses, where self-reflection and nonhuman entities can be counted as primary sources of inquiry.
Media and the Post-1989 Anticommunist Hegemony
Authors: Marinos Martin
Published: May 2024

This chapter focuses on two of the major tenets of postsocialist anticommunism: its glorification of the interwar and World War II regimes and its hostility to any form of contemporary left-wing politics. The media-centered analysis offered here sheds light on how anticommunism turned into the dominant post-1989 ideology. The chapter traces the crucial role state media played in the establishment of anticommunist hegemony. The elevation of state media institutions into the main targets of anticommunist protests, together with the purging of journalists who worked before 1989 and the opportunistic political conversion of many of those who retained their jobs, played a vital role in the entrenchment of anticommunism beyond the 1990s. It argues that this situation facilitated the emergence of the populist Right.
A Word in Season
Authors: Spencer Joseph M.
Published: May 2024

Isaiah is among the most influential of the Bible’s books. It has been a consistent resource for Jews and Christians in widely divergent contexts over many centuries. Often overlooked in the long history of Isaiah’s reception, however, is the Book of Mormon, the founding scripture of the Latter-day Saint religious tradition. This study reveals within the Book of Mormon a programmatic investigation of Isaiah’s continuing relevance in the modern world. Published in 1830, the Book of Mormon’s sprawling narrative repeatedly returns to key passages from Isaiah, provocatively interpreting and at times inventively reworking the biblical text. Moreover, it attributes different positions on Isaiah’s meaning to different characters spread across the text, staging a kind of debate among its various voices. In A Word in Season, the Book of Mormon’s questions about the vitality of Isaiah’s prophetic project come into focus. How does a sacred text continue to mean something in a world increasingly removed from the context of its original production? If one believes in the authority of a sacred text, what does she need to muster to be adequate to its original deposit of inspiration? This volume examines the whole program of the Book of Mormon’s approach to Isaiah, breaking new ground in the history of its reception and in the study of the Latter-day Saint tradition.
Autonomic Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis – A Case-Control Study
Authors: Hasan Mehedi , Alam SK Mahbub , Rahman Hasan Zahidur , Khan Md. Abdullah Saeed , Huq Muhammad Rezeul
Published: May 2024

Introduction. This study aimed to explore autonomic nervous system involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pa- tients by evaluating sympathetic skin response (SSR). 
Materials and Methods. The study included 35 sporadic (ALS) patients (cases), and 35 healthy age and sex-matched participants (controls) aged <60 years. SSR was recorded in the electrophysiology lab of the Neurology Department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Patients with diseases associated with peripheral or autonomic neuropathy were excluded. Prolonged latency (delayed SSR) or an ab- sent response was considered abnormal SSR.
Results. SSR was found to be abnormal in 17 (48.6 %) ALS cases, with an absent response in the upper limbs of six cases (17.1%). Abnormal SSR was more prevalent in the lower limbs, with 33 (94.3%) and 20 (57.1%) cases having a delayed or absent response, respectively. In comparison, SSR was normal in all control participants (P-value <0.05). Abnormal SSR was significantly more common in the lower limbs of ALS cases with bulbar palsy than those without bulbar palsy (P-value=0.04). There was no association of SSR with disease severity and duration.
Conclusion. ALS is significantly associated with abnormal SSR, indicating autonomic nervous system involvement. There could also be an associa- tion between bulbar palsy and abnormal SSR among ALS patients. Further studies should be carried out to determine the as- sociation of abnormal SSR with disease severity, duration, and type.
Reflecting on the Influence of the Current State of Sample Preparation on GC, Part 2: Techniques
Authors: Snow Nicholas H.
Published: May 2024

Recently, we examined major trends in sample preparation and how they relate to gas chromatography (GC), based on a 2023 user survey by LCGC International. In Part 2 of LCGC’s survey of sample preparation users, the prevalence of sample preparation techniques, from the most common, such as weighing, to the most complex, such as online extractions, was discussed. In this installment, we examine trends in the use of sample preparation techniques through the lens of instrumental analysis by gas chromatography (GC) and GC–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). We see that, although common and classical techniques, such as filtration and centrifugation, are still generally the most widely used, newer techniques that allow automation, simplification of analysis steps, and green analysis are gaining traction.
Research on seismic performance of prefabricated composite shear wall with end steel plate connection
Authors: Wang Yi , Guo Chengcheng , You Peibo , Wu Hairong , Wang Zili , Li Yansong
Published: May 2024

Chinese construction industry is gradually transforming to industrialization, which promotes the development of prefabricated buildings. As an efficient lateral force resisting system, prefabricated steel-plate concrete composite shear wall structure has become a research hotspot in the field of architecture at home and abroad. Based on the mechanical characteristics of the shear wall, this paper proposes a end steel plate connection prefabricated composite shear wall structure. Through numerical simulation and analysis of the prefabricated composite shear wall with different connection areas and the cast-in-place composite shear wall, which verified the feasibility and reliability of end steel plate connection. Based on the above verification, the influence of different parameters on the seismic performance of the prefabricated composite shear wall with end steel plate connection has been further studied, and the theoretical calculation of bearing capacity is carried out. The results show that the length of the connector should be controlled within a reasonable range. The tie bars in the node connection area can improve the strength and ductility of the prefabricated composite shear wall. The aspect ratio and axial pressure ratio have obvious influence on the seismic performance of the wall, which should be reasonably selected in design.
Tree Species Germination: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis and its Implications for Pre-Sowing Treatment in Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Mohd Imran Hossain , Rakib M. Hasan , Das Chinmoy , Hossain Md. Zobaer
Published: May 2024

In Bangladesh, pre-sowing treatments significantly impact forestry species, employing water, temperature, and chemical methods to enhance seed germination. This meta-analysis, encompassing 17 research articles, emphasizes the prevalence of these treatments, with 11 studies dedicated to pre-sowing techniques and 6 as a comparison group without treatment. Findings reveal substantial heterogeneity attributed to low replications and ecological factors highlighted in articles. To address this, we recommend a balanced number of replications, considering ecological factors, to enhance research reliability in forest restoration and seed germination. Factors affecting seed germination, such as pressure, temperature, sunlight, and water stress, unfold in five stages: imbibition, respiration, light effect, mobilization of reserves, and embryo development. The seed coat layer impedes germination, and various pre-sowing treatments in Bangladesh, including mechanical, water soaking, heat, and chemical treatments, mitigate this hindrance. While this meta-analysis sheds light on ecological factors and seed performance, its limited scale underscores the need for broader studies assessing treatment effects using standardized measures.
TRAINING FOR MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMEs) BY MAKING WALL HANGING HANDICRAFTS FOR THE COMMUNITY OF SIMPANGAN CIKARANG UTARA VILLAGE, BEKASI REGENCY
Authors: Huda Miftakul Huda , Daspar Daspar , Hartati Nani , Maulana Donny
Published: May 2024

Micro, Small0and Medium Enterprises0(MSMEs) are the business units that have an important role in the development and growth of the Indonesian economy. With the existence of the MSME sector,0unemployment due to the labor force that is not absorbed in the world of work i0 reduced. The purpose0of this community0service is to0find out the role0of digital marketing0training services for MSME0actors in Wangun0Harja Village.0In community0service in0Wangun Harja0Village, North Cikarang0District, there are04 methods used0including observation,0interviews, training,0and counseling.0Digital marketing0plays a role in0marketing MSME0products through0digital platforms. Among0the various0existing digital0platforms, researchers0chose Instagram0ads to market0MSME products in0Wangun Harja0village, North0Cikarang District,0Bekasi Regency.0Instagram Ads0is an advertising0platform on social0media. Instagram0Ads will allow0MSMEs to create0ads on0Instagram feeds and0Instagram stories.
A Comparative Study on the International Competitiveness of Digital Trade between China and Malaysia: A Diamond Model Approach
Authors: Hu Sun
Published: May 2024

This study examines the international competitiveness of digital trade between China and Malaysia using Michael Porter's Diamond Model. The Diamond Model, which focuses on four key determinants—factor conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, and firm strategy, structure, and rivalry—serves as the analytical framework for this comparative analysis. In assessing factor conditions, the study evaluates the digital infrastructure, human capital, and technological innovation capabilities in both countries. Demand conditions are analyzed through consumer behaviors, market size, and the growth rate of the digital economy. The presence and strength of related and supporting industries, such as e-commerce platforms, fintech, and ICT services, are considered to understand their role in enhancing digital trade competitiveness. The study also examines firm strategies, government policies, and the competitive environment that shape the digital trade landscape in China and Malaysia. Findings suggest that China demonstrates a higher level of competitiveness in digital trade, driven by its advanced digital infrastructure, robust innovation ecosystem, and large, tech-savvy consumer base. Malaysia, while showing significant progress, particularly in regulatory frameworks and digital adoption, faces challenges related to scale and innovation intensity. The study highlights the need for Malaysia to invest in digital skills development and innovation to enhance its competitiveness. The comparative insights derived from this study aim to inform policymakers and business leaders on strategic initiatives to bolster digital trade capabilities and foster sustainable economic growth in the digital era.
3 - The Impact of Structural Violence on Women’s Capacity to Fully Participate at Candidate and Electoral Management Levels in Zimbabwe
Authors: Katsande Rosalie , Bunu Christabel Tapiwa , Mukumbiri Paidamwoyo , Stewart Julie
Published: May 2024

This article focuses on ‘hidden’ institutional violence, also known as structural violence, and gender divisions in electoral processes in Zimbabwe. Structural violence occurs when one category of people is accorded an unequal status in relation to other categories of people. The main argument presented in the paper is that, in Zimbabwe, structural violence renders the implementation of gender equality in electoral governance nugatory. Political party structures and systems are designed and conveniently used to exclude women from political participation. The article analyses selected cases involving women’s involvement at the candidate and electoral management level. The study made use of interviews, particularly key informant interviews, and semi- structured interviews, as its main data-gathering methods. Focus group discussions were also utilised. The findings revealed that a myriad of structural and institutionalised constraints prevent women in Zimbabwe from fully participating in political and electoral processes. These institutionalised structures have a disproportionately negative impact on women’s political ambitions compared to men’s. The article concludes that promoting gender equality in the area of politics and decision-making as well as in society as a whole is a long and complex process. Any initiatives to remedy these inequalities must be strategic and long-term oriented.
1 - Guerre et formation de l’Etat au Sahel
Authors: Saidou Abdoul Karim
Published: May 2024

Cet article analyse la formation de l’État au Sahel à partir du modèle « belliciste » développé par Charles Tilly. Il vise à élucider comment la guerre contre le terrorisme affecte les dynamiques de formation étatique dans cette région. En partant du cas burkinabè, les résultats montrent que la guerre sécrète une double dynamique. D’abord, les politiques de lutte contre l’insécurité contribuent à étendre l’appareil coercitif de l’État et à relancer le projet de construction nationale. Ensuite, la coopération sécuritaire et la gestion des groupes d’autodéfense induisent une dynamique de délitement de l’État marquée par son déclassement et son hybridation. Tout en renforçant l’État sur le plan militaire et politique, la guerre accentue sa patrimonialisation, sa marginalisation et son informalisation. En clair, si la guerre accélère la formation de l’État, c’est un État à part, qui à certains égards, s’éloigne du modèle idéal-typique wébérien.
The Community’s Understanding and Responses Regarding Land Subsidence, Waterlogging, and the Link Between the Two in Rural South-western Coastal Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Muhammad Badrul
Published: May 2024

Land subsidence has triggered severe waterlogging problems in the southwestern coastal zone of Bangladesh, which affects the biodiversity as well as people’s lives, and livelihoods. The members of the affected community, however, appear to have a poor understanding of the nature of land subsidence and its consequences. This study, therefore, aims to assess the community members’ understanding of as well as the actions that they take to solve problems of this nature in the rural, southwestern coastal zone of Bangladesh. A qualitative comparative case study approach was employed in this study, where two rural communities from the southwestern coastal districts were selected as the cases. By subjecting the data to thematic analysis, the study found that, although a few civil society members and activists are, to some extent, aware of the occurrence of land subsidence and its linkage with waterlogging, however, most of the members of the communities lack adequate knowledge or an understanding about the nature, causes and consequences of the land subsidence issue and its connection to the waterlogging problem in their locality. Thus, it was found that they take no or very few measures to cope with the risk of land subsidence. The study’s findings imply that the policymakers should formulate a strategy for making the members of the community aware of the nature, causes, and consequences of land subsidence issues.
Introduction
Authors: Chacon Yamilette , Chacon Richard J.
Published: May 2024

Uncovering the power structures embedded in social interaction of past and contemporary societies has been a longstanding challenge for social scientists. In Chapter 1, “Introduction,” Chacon and Chacon provide a framework that facilitates the recognition of domination processes put forth in the case studies presented in this edited volume. While social control can be overt, as in the case of warfare and domestic violence among Amazonian groups, quite often, it may be masked in the form of monumental architecture, fortresses, pukara, or rituals among Andean societies that signals to friends and foe alike, the position of power of those in control. Ranging from the development of amphibious warfare technology in pre-contact Mesoamerica to the psychological functions of domestic violence among contemporary Amazonian groups, chapters in this volume shed light on how leaders use violence and/or the threat of violence as a means for advancing their socio-political and economic influence or domination. Contributors provide innovative examinations of the evidence, causes, and manifestations of conflict and social control mechanisms in Indigenous Latin America as reflected in the archaeological, osteological, and ethnohistorical records, and documented well into the ethnographic present.
Maritime Heritage Stewardship and Citizen Science in Virginia
Authors: Moore Elizabeth A. , Broadwater John D.
Published: May 2024

Virginia’s archaeological heritage is protected and managed by the Virginia Department of Historic Resources (DHR). The agency conducts limited research through the Division of State Archaeology but relies heavily upon volunteerism to augment its efforts. During the 1980s, Virginia’s underwater archaeology program developed a statewide shipwreck database and excavated a sunken British ship dating to the American Revolution that involved scores of volunteers. Unfortunately, the state’s underwater archaeology program was abruptly terminated in 1989 as a cost-cutting measure. For the next three decades DHR managed submerged cultural resources to the best of its abilities, but no staff personnel possessed the specialized training and experience required for a comprehensive program. This chapter explores the program established to involve Virginia’s citizens in locating, studying, and protecting underwater cultural heritage. In August 2019, DHR held a successful informational seminar that described the significance of Virginia’s maritime heritage and offered an opportunity for citizens to participate in documenting and preserving underwater archaeological sites. The effort resulted in improved communication and cooperation with those most likely to encounter maritime archaeological resources both along the coast and underwater.
Change and Continuity in the Diet of El Huarco–Cerro Azul, Peru, during the Inca Arrival (AD 1470–1532)
Authors: Aparcana Bryan Núñez , Peltroche Mary Avila , Sánchez Nina Mireya Castillo
Published: May 2024

The Inca occupation in the Cañete valley (Lima, Peru) is characterized by imperial architecture presence in settlements with local architecture. These settlements were articulated by the Qhapaq Ñan (Inca Road network). However, there are few studies related to the socioeconomic impact of Inca dominance on coastal communities. This chapter aims to call attention to changes that occurred at the level of consumption practices with the arrival of Inca administration at El Huarco-Cerro Azul, a fishermen settlement on the south coast of Peru built on a rocky promontory. We focus on the food resources evidence through the analysis of macro-botanical and faunistic remains, especially mammals and bird bones.
Defensive Maritime Space in the Bay of Cartagena de Indias (Colombia) in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Hurtado Carlos Del Cairo , Andreu Carla Riera , Mendoza Jesús Alberto Aldana , Báez Santos Laura Victoria
Published: May 2024

Cartagena de Indias’ geostrategic importance for the European colonial powers in the eighteenth century led to the creation of fortified infrastructures and the development of practices to strengthen and protect the coastal territory. All the infrastructures and cultural practices inherent to the “militarization” of this territory constitute today a homogeneous cultural phenomenon interpreted as a Maritime Cultural Landscape of War and Defense, or as a Fortified Landscape. The experiences of the continuous attacks, like the English siege in 1741, contributed to the revision and evolution of the strategies and tactics of defense in the Bay of Cartagena de Indias and the improvement of the military devices for nautical control. The defense system’s constitution, the war events, and the battles’ results left archaeological evidence located on land, on the coast, and, or, underwater. In this sense, the main goal of this chapter is to expose the defensive conformation of the maritime space in the Bay of Cartagena de Indias (Colombia) during the 18th Century. This, through the discussion of the archaeological investigations carried out in the different inland, intertidal, and submerged contexts of the region.
The Archaeology of Modern Worlds in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Hauser Mark William , Haines Julia Jong
Published: May 2024

Archaeology of the recent past is relatively new to the Indian Ocean region; however, scholars have already noted the need for engaging novel paradigms through material, landscape, and maritime studies based on the historical and cultural contexts of the region. For example, long standing trade-networks between Africa, South Asia, the Arabian Peninsula, and Australia were a defining feature of the Indian Ocean for centuries before European imperial expansion. European colonists and administrators tapped into these existing systems and social structures in ways we have yet to fully understand. Within this context, the multidisciplinary case studies in this volume examine colonialism, labor, race, ethnicity, diaspora, human-environment relationships, and current heritage issues. In drawing together regionally defined chapters, this volume moves toward the establishment of comparative spatial patterns, artifact typologies, and environmental dynamics. The volume as a whole demonstrates the potential contributions research in the Indian Ocean World can make to historical archaeology broadly.
Introducing the Self of Self-Consciousness
Authors: Kitcher Patricia
Published: May 2024

One central goal of Transparency and Reflection is to explain how self-knowledge is possible, while adhering to the principle that knowledge of mental states is ‘transparent’ to knowledge of the world. I argue that the resources that Matthew Boyle brings to that project, viz., ‘consciousness-as-subject’ and ‘modes of presentation’, are inadequate to explain the introduction of the representation of a self as something that has multiple states. Positively, I suggest that Boyle would have been more successful if he had stayed with his earlier Kantian assumption that mastery of the first person representation requires consciousness of the activity of reasoning that enables subjects to answer why questions.
Classification of the Social Sciences
Authors: Szostak Rick
Published: May 2024

This article discusses the nature of social science, emphasizing characteristics important to knowl­edge organization. It addresses the nature of social science disciplines, and compares social science to natural science and the humanities. It notes in particular that social science disciplines cannot be distinguished logically. It explores the treatment of the social sciences in both knowl­edge organization systems and the knowl­edge organization literature.
Interview with Hal Ashby regarding Coming Home
Authors: Peary Gerald
Published: May 2024

In the interview that composes this chapter, Hollywood filmmaker Hal Ashby talks about his drama, Coming Home, the first studio film in opposition to the Vietnam War. He remembers his earlier career as a film editor working 17 hour days before he found directorial success with Bound for Glory, his film biography of Woody Guthrie. About Coming Home: Ashby discusses the talked-about scene in which paraplegic Jon Voigt, injured in the war, still makes love to Jane Fonda. Ashby reveals that he rejected an extreme, melodramatic section in Waldo Salt’s screenplay in which ex-soldier Bruce Dern takes a bunch of hostages. He felt that was unfair to Vietnam veterans.
Errol Morris and Stephen Hawking
Authors: Peary Gerald
Published: May 2024

In this chapter, American independent documentarian Errol Morris is interviewed about the unique difficulties he had making A Brief History of Time. The subject of his film, physicist Stephen Hawking, famous for discovering Black Holes, is afflicted with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In a wheelchair, he is unable to speak except by using a synthetic voice via a computer. Morris explains how, once he situated himself in Hawking’s universe, he learned that the physicist “has a strange and ironic presence... an extraordinary sense of humor.” Morris attempts in his movie to demystify Hawking, showing him “not as a saint but as a hardworking scientist.”
The War on Drugs, the Militia, and the Fourth of July
Authors: Strandmark Matthew
Published: May 2024

This chapter begins by following the death of Gary Shepherd and the impact that the federal "War on Drugs" had on Kentucky. It also introduces Kim Eisner, Gatewood's longtime partner, and the "Science & Truth Hearings" organized by Gatewood following the 1991 election that focused on medical marijuana. The chapter includes Gatewood's engagement with militia groups in Kentucky, his increased interest in second amendment rights, and his cooperation with Norm Davis, a leading voice in this area. It concludes by covering his 1995 run for Governor with running mate Jerry Hammond, his electoral defeat, and finally his arrest during a protest of Lexington's 4th of July parade.
Evaluating the Effects of Bimanual Activities with and Without Motivational Strategies on Participation and Upper Extremity Function in Subjects with Parkinson's Disease: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Azad Akram , Taghizadeh Ghorban , Akbarfahimi Malahat , Behzadipour Saeed , Fathipour-Azar Zeinab
Published: May 2024

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms that can impact daily activities. Objectives: Activity-based interventions, particularly when combined with motivational strategies, may enhance upper extremity function and participation in people with PD. Methods: This study will include forty-five patients with PD aged 35 to 85 years, categorized as stages I to III according to the Hoehn and Yahr Scale. Patients will be recruited from neurological and rehabilitation centers and randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups: Activity-based interventions with motivational strategy, activity-based interventions without motivational strategy, and conventional interventions. All participants will undergo a 24-session intervention, three times a week. The study will assess various outcomes at multiple time points, including baseline, session 10, session 18, post-intervention (week 9), and follow-up (week 17). Primary outcome measures will focus on motor control of the upper extremity and participation, while secondary outcome measures will include cognitive function and quality of life. Results: This proposed randomized controlled trial (RCT) aims to investigate the potential beneficial effects of activity-based interventions, combined with motivational strategies, on upper extremity function and participation in activities of daily living (ADLs) for individuals with PD. Conclusions: The expected outcome of this study is to provide valuable insights that can assist occupational therapists in making informed decisions regarding intervention plans for people with PD.
Association Between the Chemical Composition of Saliva and Serum in Patients with Kidney Failure
Authors: Rajolani Alireza , Alaee Arezoo , Nafar Mohsen , Kharazi-Fard Mohammad-Javad , Ghods Kimia
Published: May 2024

Background: End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is a severe nephrological condition that can lead to permanent kidney damage. Therefore, early disease diagnosis is key to preventing casualties. The gold standard method of diagnosis tends to evaluate changes in sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, urea, creatinine, and parathormone hormones in blood after dialysis. However, serum evaluation is not always possible or easy for patients. Therefore, saliva evaluation has been proposed in recent years as an alternative. Objectives: The current article aims to evaluate metabolite in the saliva of ESRD patients. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 29 ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment were selected. Their saliva and serum samples were taken. The number of biochemical factors, including sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, urea, creatinine, and parathormone hormone, was measured with an autoanalyzer device and related kits. Finally, the correlation of parameters in serum and saliva was examined using the Pearson test. Results: The results showed a significant positive relationship between the levels of sodium, urea, and creatinine in serum and saliva samples (P < 0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant relationship between the serum and saliva levels of potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and PTH (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Due to the significant correlation between some prominent biochemical factors in saliva and serum after hemodialysis in ESRD patients, saliva could be considered a non-invasive diagnostic fluid for monitoring kidney disease in the future.
Quantum frontiers: navigating the wave of the future
Authors:   Alumnus with Electrical Engineering Department, University of Bridgeport, CT, USA, Mitra Manu
Published: May 2024

The advent of quantum mechanics has ushered humanity into an era of unparalleled scientific exploration and technological innovation. As we stand at the forefront of this quantum revolution, it becomes imperative to comprehend the foundational principles and expanding applications that define quantum frontiers. This abstract explains into the enigmatic realm of quantum mechanics, elucidating its fundamental concepts such as superposition, entanglement, and decoherence. Moreover, it explores the profound implications of quantum computing, cryptography, and communication technologies, which promise to revolutionize industries and reshape societal landscapes. Through a multidisciplinary lens, this abstract navigates the wave of the future, unveiling the transformative potential of quantum frontiers and the challenges that lie ahead in harnessing its power for the betterment of humanity.