bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecological and genetic variables co‐vary with social group identity to shape the gut microbiome of a pair‐living primate
Authors: Whitney Tabor L. , Mallott Elizabeth K. , Diakiw Laura O. , Christie Diana M. , Ting Nelson , Amato Katherine R. , Tecot Stacey R. , Baden Andrea L.
Published: July 2024

Primates exhibit diverse social systems that are intricately linked to their biology, behavior, and evolution, all of which influence the acquisition and maintenance of their gut microbiomes (GMs). However, most studies of wild primate populations focus on taxa with relatively large group sizes, and few consider pair‐living species. To address this gap, we investigate how a primate's social system interacts with key environmental, social, and genetic variables to shape the GM in pair‐living, red‐bellied lemurs (Eulemur rubriventer). Previous research on this species suggests that social interactions within groups influence interindividual microbiome similarity; however, the impacts of other nonsocial variables and their relative contributions to gut microbial variation remain unclear. We sequenced the 16S ribosomal RNA hypervariable V4–V5 region to characterize the GM from 26 genotyped individuals across 11 social groups residing in Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. We estimated the degree to which sex, social group identity, genetic relatedness, dietary diversity, and home range proximity were associated with variation in the gut microbial communities residing in red‐bellied lemurs. All variables except sex played a significant role in predicting GM composition. Our model had high levels of variance inflation, inhibiting our ability to determine which variables were most predictive of gut microbial composition. This inflation is likely due to red‐bellied lemurs' pair‐living, pair‐bonded social system that leads to covariation among environmental, social, and genetic variables. Our findings highlight some of the factors that predict GM composition in a tightly bonded, pair‐living species and identify variables that require further study. We propose that future primate microbiome studies should simultaneously consider environmental, social, and genetic factors to improve our understanding of the relationships among sociality, the microbiome, and primate ecology and evolution.
Dental topography of prosimian premolars predicts diet: A comparison in premolar and molar dietary classification accuracies
Authors: de Vries Dorien , Winchester Julie M. , Fulwood Ethan L. , St. Clair Elizabeth M. , Boyer Doug M.
Published: July 2024

Objectives

This study tests whether (1) premolar topography of extant “prosimians” (strepsirrhines and tarsiers) successfully predicts diet and (2) whether the combination of molar and premolar topography yields higher classification accuracy than using either tooth position in isolation.

Materials and Methods

Dental topographic metrics (ariaDNE, relief index, and orientation patch count rotated) were calculated for 118 individual matched‐pairs of mandibular fourth premolars (P4) and second molars (M2). The sample represents 7 families and 22 genera. Tooth variables were analyzed in isolation (P4 only; M2 only), together (P4 and M2), and combined (PC1 scores of bivariate principal component analyses of P4 and M2 for each metric). Discriminant function analyses were conducted with and without a measure of size (two‐dimensional surface area).

Results

When using topography only, “prosimian” P4 shape predicts diet with a success rate that is slightly higher than that of M2 shape. When absolute size is included, premolars and molars perform comparably well. Including both premolar and molar topography (separately or combined) improves classification accuracy for every analysis beyond considering either in isolation. Classification accuracy is highest when premolar and molar topography and size are included.

Discussion

Our findings indicate that molar teeth incompletely summarize the functional requirements of oral food breakdown for a given diet, and that the mechanism selecting for premolar form is more varied than what is expressed by molar teeth. Finally, our findings suggest that fossil P4s (in isolation or with the M2) can be used for meaningful dietary reconstruction of extinct primates.
Impact of sociodemographic status and sex on chronic rhinosinusitis and olfaction in people with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Han Ethan J. , Liu Christine M. , Fischer Jakob L. , Mace Jess C. , Markarian Karolin , Alt Jeremiah A. , Bodner Todd E. , Chowdhury Naweed I. , Eshaghian Patricia H. , Gao Yuqing A. , Getz Anne E. , Hwang Peter H. , Khanwalkar Ashoke , Kimple Adam J. , Lee Jivianne T. , Li Douglas A. , Norris Meghan , Nayak Jayakar V. , Owens Cameran , Patel Zara M. , Poch Katie , Schlosser Rodney J. , Smith Kristine A. , Smith Timothy L. , Soler Zachary M. , Suh Jeffrey D. , Turner Grant A. , Wang Marilene B. , Taylor‐Cousar Jennifer L. , Saavedra Milene T. , Beswick Daniel M.
Published: July 2024

Background

Sociodemographic status (SDS) including race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status as approximated by education, income, and insurance status impact pulmonary disease in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF). The relationship between SDS and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains understudied.

Methods

In a prospective, multi‐institutional study, adult PwCF completed the 22‐Question SinoNasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22), Smell Identification Test (SIT), Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorder Negative Statements (QOD‐NS), and Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire‐Revised (CFQ‐R). Lund–Kennedy scores, sinus computed tomography, and clinical data were collected. Data were analyzed across race/ethnicity, sex, and socioeconomic factors using multivariate regression.

Results

Seventy‐three PwCF participated with a mean age of 34.7 ± 10.9 years and 49 (67.1%) were female. Linear regression identified that elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) use (β = ‒4.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] [‒6.08, ‒2.11], p < 0.001), female sex (β = ‒2.14, 95% CI [‒4.11, ‒0.17], p = 0.034), and increasing age (β = ‒0.14, 95% CI [‒0.22, ‒0.05], p = 0.003) were associated with lower/better endoscopy scores. Private health insurance (β = 17.76, 95% CI [5.20, 30.32], p = 0.006) and >16 educational years (β = 13.50, 95% CI [2.21, 24.80], p = 0.020) were associated with higher baseline percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (ppFEV1). Medicaid/Medicare insurance was associated with worse endoscopy scores, CFQ‐R respiratory scores, and ppFEV1 (all p < 0.017), and Hispanic/Latino ethnicity was associated with worse SNOT‐22 scores (p = 0.047), prior to adjustment for other cofactors. No other SDS factors were associated with SNOT‐22, QOD‐NS, or SIT scores.

Conclusions

Differences in objective measures of CRS severity exist among PwCF related to sex, age, and ETI use. Variant status and race did not influence patient‐reported CRS severity measures or olfaction in this study. Understanding how these factors impact response to treatment may improve care disparities among PwCF.

Clinical Trials

NCT04469439
Effects of a multidomain intervention against cognitive decline on dementia risk profiles — Results from the AgeWell.de trial
Authors: Zülke Andrea E. , Pabst Alexander , Luppa Melanie , Oey Anke , Weise Solveig , Fankhänel Thomas , Kosilek Robert P. , Schillok Hannah , Brettschneider Christian , Czock David , Wiese Birgitt , Thyrian Jochen René , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Frese Thomas , Gensichen Jochen , König Hans‐Helmut , Kaduszkiewicz Hanna , Riedel‐Heller Steffi G.
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION

Dementia risk scores constitute promising surrogate outcomes for lifestyle interventions targeting cognitive function. We investigated whether dementia risk, assessed using the LIfestyle for BRAin health (LIBRA) index, was reduced by the AgeWell.de intervention.

METHODS

Secondary analyses of the AgeWell trial, testing a multicomponent intervention (including optimization of nutrition, medication, and physical, social, and cognitive activity) in older adults with increased dementia risk. We analyzed data from n = 461 participants with complete information on risk/protective factors comprised by LIBRA at the 24‐month follow‐up. Intervention effects on LIBRA and LIBRA components were assessed using generalized linear models.

RESULTS

The intervention reduced LIBRA scores, indicating decreased dementia risk at follow‐up (b = –0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: –1.14, –0.12). Intervention effects were particularly due to improvements in diet (odds ratio [OR]: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.22) and hypertension (OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.18).

DISCUSSION

The AgeWell.de intervention reduced dementia risk. However, several risk factors did not improve, possibly requiring more intensive interventions.

Highlights

The AgeWell.de intervention reduced dementia risk according to LIfestyle for BRAin health (LIBRA) scores.

Beneficial effects on LIBRA are mainly due to changes in diet and blood pressure.

A pragmatic lifestyle intervention is apt to reduce dementia risk in an at‐risk population.
A [2.2]Isoindolinophanyl‐Based Carbene (iPC) Ligand: Synthesis, Electronic and Photophysical Properties, and Application in Photocatalysis**
Authors: Maity Sabyasachi , Muthig André M. T. , Sen Indranil , Mrózek Ondřej , Belyaev Andrey , Hupp Benjamin , Steffen Andreas
Published: July 2024

Cyclic amino(alkyl) and cyclic amino(aryl) carbenes (cAACs/cAArCs) have been established as very useful ligands for catalytic and photonic applications of transition metal complexes. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a structurally related sterically demanding, electrophilic [2.2]isoindolinophanyl‐based carbene (iPC) that bears a [2.2]paracyclophane moiety. The latter leads to more delocalized frontier orbitals and intense green fluorescence of (HiPC)OTf (2) from an intra‐ligand charge transfer (1ILCT) state in the solid state. Base‐promoted synthesis of the free carbene led to an unusual ring expansion and subsequent dimerization reaction, but the beneficial ligand properties can be exploited by trapping in situ at a metal center. The iPC ligand is a very potent π‐chromophore, which participates in low energy metal‐to‐ligand (ML)CT transitions in [RhCl(CO)2(iPC)] (4) and IL‐“through‐space”‐CT transitions in [Au(iPC)2]OTf (5). The steric demand of the iPC leads to high stability of 5 against air, moisture, or solvent attack, and ultralong‐lived green phosphorescence with a lifetime of 185 μs is observed in solution. The beneficial photophysical and electronic properties of the iPC ligand, including a large accessible π surface area, were exploited by employing highly efficient energy transfer (EnT) photocatalysis in a [2+2] styrene cycloaddition reaction using 5, which outperformed other established photocatalysts in comparison.
Synergizing Steric Hindrance and Stacking Interactions To Facilitate the Controlled Assembly of Multiple 41 Metalla‐Knots and Pseudo‐Solomon Links
Authors: Zou Yan , Bao Shu‐Jin , Tang Haitong , Zhang Hai‐Ning , Jin Guo‐Xin
Published: July 2024

In this work, a noncoplanar terphenyl served as a building block to synthesize a novel 3,3′‐substituted bipyridyl ligand (L1) which further reacted with binuclear half‐sandwich units A/B, giving rise to two aesthetic 41 metalla‐knots in high yields via a coordination‐driven self‐assembly strategy. Furthermore, given the inherent compactness of the 41 metalla‐knots, it creates favorable conditions for the emergence of steric repulsion. We focused on progressively introducing nitrogen atoms featuring a lone pair of electrons (LPEs) into ligand L1 to manipulate the balance of H⋅⋅⋅H/LPEs⋅⋅⋅LPEs steric repulsion during the assembly process, ultimately achieving controlled assembly from 41 metalla‐knots to the pseudo‐Solomon link and then to molecular tweezer‐like assembly facilitated by stacking interactions. All the assemblies were well characterized by solution‐state NMR techniques, ESI‐TOF/MS, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The evolutionary process of the topological architectures is equivalent to visualizing the synergistic effect of steric hindrance and stacking interactions on structural assembly, providing a new avenue for achieving the controlled synthesis of different topologies.
Pnictogen‐Bonding Enzymes
Authors: Renno Giacomo , Chen Dongping , Zhang Qing‐Xia , Gomila Rosa M. , Frontera Antonio , Sakai Naomi , Ward Thomas R. , Matile Stefan
Published: July 2024

The objective of this study was to create artificial enzymes that capitalize on pnictogen bonding, a σ‐hole interaction that is essentially absent in biocatalysis. For this purpose, stibine catalysts were equipped with a biotin derivative and combined with streptavidin mutants to identify an efficient transfer hydrogenation catalyst for the reduction of a fluorogenic quinoline substrate. Increased catalytic activity from wild‐type streptavidin to the best mutants coincides with the depth of the σ hole on the Sb(V) center, and the emergence of saturation kinetic behavior. Michaelis–Menten analysis reveals transition‐state recognition in the low micromolar range, more than three orders of magnitude stronger than the millimolar substrate recognition. Carboxylates preferred by the best mutants contribute to transition‐state recognition by hydrogen‐bonded ion pairing and anion‐π interactions with the emerging pyridinium product. The emergence of challenging stereoselectivity in aqueous systems further emphasizes compatibility of pnictogen bonding with higher order systems catalysis.
A Rhodamine‐Spiropyran Conjugate Empowering Tunable Mechanochromism in Polymers under Multiple Stimuli
Authors: Sun Ze‐Ying , Li Yiran , Wu Mengjiao , He Weiye , Yuan Yuan , Cao Yi , Chen Yulan
Published: July 2024

Mechanochromic functionality realized via the force‐responsive mechanophores in polymers has great potential for damage sensing and information storage. Mechanophores with the ability to recognize multiple stimuli for tunable chromic characteristics are highly sought after for versatile sensing ability and color programmability. Nevertheless, the majority of mechanophores are based on single‐component chromophores with limited sensitivity, or require additional fabrication technology for multi‐modal chromism. Here, we report a novel multifunctional mechanophore capable of vividly detectable and tunable mechanochromism in polymers. This synergistic optical coupling relies on strategically fusing rhodamine and spiropyran (Rh−SP), and tethering polymer chains on both subunits. The mechanochromic behaviors of the Rh−SP‐linked polymers under sonication and compression are thoroughly evaluated in response to changes in force and the light‐controlled relaxation process. Non‐sequential ring‐opening of the two subunits under force is identified, endowing high‐contrast mechanochromism. Light‐induced differential ring‐closing reactions of the two subunits, together with the acidichromism of the SP moiety, are employed to engineer elastomers with programmable and wide‐spectrum colors. Our work presents an effective strategy for highly appreciable and regulable mechanochromic functionality, and also provides new insights into the rupture mechanisms of π‐fused mechanophores, as well as how the stimuli history controls stress accumulation in polymers.
Large Scale Synthesis of a Stable Prefunctionalized Silver Nanocluster
Authors: He Rui‐Lin , Hu Feng , Guan Zong‐Jie , Wang Quan‐Ming
Published: July 2024

Due to the stability issue, It is difficult to prepare a silver nanocluster bearing functional sites, especially at a large scale. We report the synthesis and structure of a stable silver nanocluster bearing multiple surface aldehyde groups [Ag21(Ph2PO2)10(p‐CHOPhC≡C)6]SbF6, which allows for postsynthesis modification such as surface functionalization through aldimine condensation to give homochiral clusters. Remarkably, the preparation of this cluster can be done in ~90 % high yield at gram scale, which facilitates further studies and potential applications. Through DFT calculations and geometric structure analysis, the high stability of this cluster is attributed to the geometric closure and electronic structure. This is the first time that an effective one‐pot method has been developed to synthesize functional silver nanoclusters in high yield. The title cluster will be useful in the development of a variety of cluster‐based materials.
Lewis Acid‐Tethered (cAAC)—Copper Complexes: Reactivity for Hydride Transfer and Catalytic CO2 Hydrogenation
Authors: Song Hayoung , Szymczak Nathaniel K.
Published: July 2024

We present a series of borane‐tethered cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (cAAC)‐copper complexes, including a borane‐capped Cu(I) hydride. This hydride is unusually hydridic and reacts rapidly with both CO2 and 2,6‐dimethylphenol at room temperature. Its reactivity is distinct from variants without a tethered borane, and the underlying principles governing the enhanced hydricity were evaluated experimentally and theoretically. These stoichiometric results were extended to catalytic CO2 hydrogenation, and the borane‐tethered (intramolecular) system exhibits ~3‐fold enhancement relative to an intermolecular system.
Chemical bonding and hydrogen bonding facilitated higher interfacial interaction of PA6/BF/POSS composites
Authors: Li Guang‐Zhao , Yu Hao , Zhang Hongwei , Han Rui , He Pan , Cao Jiaxuan , Lu Qian , Liu Gen , Chen Gang , Wang Wenyan , Wan Weicai , Wei Yujun , Zhang Shuai
Published: July 2024

This work investigated the composites (PA6/BF) made of basalt fiber (BF) and nylon 6. To improve the interfacial bonding between the fibers and the polymer matrix, and to enhance the thermal and mechanical properties of the composites, polyhedral oligosilsesquioxanes (POSS) with epoxide groups was introduced to modify the surface of BFs using the slurry coating method. It is revealed that the mechanical properties of the composites increased and then decreased with increasing POSS coating. The composite PA6/BF‐POSS3 with BFs modified with a POSS solution of 3.0 wt% showed the best properties. The tensile strength of PA6/BF‐POSS3 was 130.8 MPa, 26.4% higher than that of the PA6/BF and 126.3% higher than that of neat PA6. In addition, PA6/BF‐POSS3 exhibited a 5% weight loss temperature of 417.7, 35.6°C higher than that of PA6/BF. The chemical bonding formed between the amide and epoxide groups, and the hydrogen bonding formed between the amide groups and hydroxyl groups were believed to be the main reasons for the improved interfacial interaction and improved properties.
Headbutting through time: A review of this hypothesized behavior in “dome‐headed” fossil taxa
Authors: Woodruff D. Cary , Ackermans Nicole L.
Published: July 2024

Headbutting is a combative behavior most popularly portrayed and exemplified in the extant bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis). When behaviorally proposed in extinct taxa, these organisms are oft depicted Ovis‐like as having used modified cranial structures to combatively slam into one another. The combative behavioral hypothesis of headbutting has a long and rich history in the vertebrate fossil literature (not just within Dinosauria), but the core of this behavioral hypothesis in fossil terrestrial vertebrates is associated with an enlarged osseous cranial dome—an osteological structure with essentially no current counterpart. One confounding issue found in the literature is that while the term “headbutting” sounds simplistic enough, little terminology has been used to describe this hypothesized behavior. And pertinent to this special issue, potential brain trauma and the merits of such proposed pugilism have been assessed largely from the potential deformation of the overlying osseous structure; despite the fact that extant taxa readily show that brain damage can and does occur without osteological compromise. Additionally, the extant taxa serving as the behavioral counterpart for comparison are critical, not only because of the combative behaviors and morphologies they display, but also the way they engage in such behavior. Sheep (Ovis), warthogs (Phacochoerus), and bison (Bison) all engage in various forms of “headbutting”, but the cranial morphologies and the way each engages in combat is markedly different. To hypothesize that an extinct organism engaged in headbutting like an extant counterpart in theory implies specific striking:contacting surfaces, speed, velocity, and overall how that action was executed. This review examines the history and usage of the headbutting behavioral hypothesis in these dome‐headed fossil taxa, their respective extant behavioral counterparts, and proposes a protocol for specific behavioral terms relating to headbutting to stem future confusion. We also discuss the disparate morphology of combative cranial structures in the fossil record, and the implications of headbutting‐induced brain injury in extinct taxa. Finally, we conclude with some potential implications for artistic reconstructions of fossil taxa regarding this behavioral repertoire.
ERG Regulates Lymphatic Vessel Specification Genes and Its Deficiency Impairs Wound Healing‐Associated Lymphangiogenesis
Authors: Yamashita Takashi , Kaplan Ulas , Chakraborty Adri , Marden Grace , Gritli Sami , Roh Daniel , Bujor Andreea , Trojanowski Marcin , Ligresti Giovanni , Browning Jeffrey L. , Trojanowska Maria
Published: July 2024

Objective

Rarefaction of blood and lymphatic vessels in the skin has been reported in systemic sclerosis (SSc) (scleroderma). E26 transformation–specific–related factor (ERG) and Friend leukemia virus–induced erythroleukemia 1 (FLI‐1) are important regulators of angiogenesis, but their role in lymphatic vasculature is lesser known. The goal of this study was to determine the role of ERG and FLI‐1 in postnatal lymphangiogenesis and SSc lymphatic system defects.

Methods

Immunofluorescence was used to detect ERG and FLI‐1 in skin biopsy samples from patients with SSc and healthy controls. Transcriptional analysis of ERG or FLI‐1–silenced human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) was performed using microarrays. Effects of ERG and FLI‐1 deficiency on in vitro tubulogenesis in human dermal LECs were examined using a Matrigel assay. ERG and FLI‐1 endothelial–specific knockouts and ERG lymphatic–specific knockouts were generated to examine vessel regeneration in mice.

Results

ERG and FLI‐1 protein levels were reduced in the blood and lymphatic vasculature in SSc skin biopsy samples. ERG levels were shown to regulate genes involved in lymphatic vessel specification, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3/FLT‐4, lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1, SOX‐18, and prospero homeobox 1 (PROX‐1), whereas FLI‐1 enhanced the function of ERG. The ERG–FLT‐4 pathway regulated in vitro tubulogenesis in human LECs. Deficiency of ERG or FLI‐1 similarly impaired the function of blood vessels in mice. However, only ERG deficiency affected the regeneration of lymphatic vessels during wound healing.

Conclusion

ERG and FLI‐1 are essential regulators of blood and lymphatic vessel regeneration. Deficiency of ERG and FLI‐1 in SSc endothelial cells may contribute to the impairment of blood and lymphatic vasculature in patients with SSc.

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Emotional preparedness for human body donor dissection in premedical education: A pilot program evaluation
Authors: Manyama Mange , Carey Matthew A. , Sarada Padmakumari , Bendriss Rachid
Published: July 2024

Dissection of bodies provided by donors continues to be utilized as a critical part of medical education. It also represents a rite of passage that socializes students to prepare them for the stress that comes with working in a clinical environment as a medical professional. Just as proper guidance in acquiring technical skills is critical in anatomy education, there is an important need for proper emotional guidance throughout the human dissection process. A pilot curriculum was developed by an interdisciplinary faculty team to emotionally prepare students for their first visit to the anatomy laboratory. Students were first‐year foundation premedical students who had expressed an interest in visiting the laboratory. Pre‐ and post‐visit surveys were conducted to explore students' emotional responses to a first visit to the anatomy laboratory and their utilization of coping strategies. The survey findings show an overwhelming favorable feeling in anticipation of the human gross anatomy laboratory visit. About 20% of the students experienced anxiety at the anticipation of the laboratory visit, but only 5.3% experienced anxiety during the visit. The decrease in the number of students experiencing anxiety may be attributed to the interventions introduced before and during the visit. Talking with a close friend was the main coping strategy utilized by 63% of students experiencing fear or anxiety during and after the laboratory visit. The findings from this program evaluation provide a better understanding of student emotional preparedness and utilization of coping strategies, which may help prepare and guide future students for the dissection experience.
Purification of xylosaccharides from eucalyptus residues for l‐lactic acid production by Weizmannia coagulans
Authors: Cabrera María‐Noel , Vila Eugenia , Liguori Alberto , D’Andrada Constanza , Moure Santiago , Guigou Mairan , Cebreiros Florencia , Rodao Juan Martín , Camesasca Laura , Ferrari Mario Daniel , Lareo Claudia
Published: July 2024

In this work, phosphoric acid pretreatment (0.6% H3PO4, 160 °C, 40 min) of eucalyptus residues was performed to recover the hemicellulosic fraction for further conversion to l‐lactic acid by fermentation with Weizmannia coagulans DSM 2314 (formerly Bacillus coagulans). The hemicellulosic hydrolysate was composed of xylosaccharides 24.8 g L–1 (mainly xylose, 20.3 g L–1), acetic acid 7.8 g L–1, furfural 0.7 g L–1, and acid‐soluble lignin (ASL) 2.1 g L–1. It was subsequently purified by using anion exchange or adsorption resins. Different liquor‐to‐resin ratios were evaluated to obtain a high concentration of xylosaccharides in the eluate and thorough removal of components that inhibit lactic fermentation. The best performance was observed when using Amberlite‐XAD‐4 resin at a liquor‐to‐resin ratio of 3:1. An eluted hydrolysate was obtained, preserving 80% of the xylosaccharides and effectively removing almost all furfural, 90% of ASL, and 32% of acetic acid. Subsequently, l‐lactic acid production by W. coagulans DSM 2314 was evaluated using concentrated nondetoxified and detoxified hydrolysate obtained with a vacuum oven. For the nondetoxified hydrolysate, 12 g L–1 of l‐lactic acid was obtained after 48 h showing a yield of 0.56 glactic acid gsugar–1 and a xylose consumption of 62%. The detoxification of the liquor significantly improved the fermentation performance of W. coagulans, resulting in a concentration of 16 g L–1 of lactic acid after 24 h, with a yield of 0.73 glactic acid gsugar–1, and almost complete xylose consumption.
Ein Supermarkt aus Infraleichtbeton
Authors: Reyher Boris , Stelzner Ludwig , Hothan Sascha , Hückler Alex , Pistol Klaus , Madlener Simon , Schlaich Mike
Published: July 2024

Infraleichtbeton (ILC) ist eine spezielle Form von Leichtbeton, der durch seine niedrige Rohdichte im Vergleich zu herkömmlichem Beton eine verbesserte Wärmedämmeigenschaft aufweist. Infraleichtbeton ermöglicht die monolithische einschichtige Konstruktion von Bauteilen der Gebäudehülle ohne additive Wärmedämmung und Fassadenbekleidung. Dadurch wird die Baukonstruktion gegenüber herkömmlich gedämmten Betonbauteilen erheblich vereinfacht und die Recyclingfähigkeit deutlich verbessert. Zudem weisen Bauteile aus Infraleichtbeton eine günstigere CO2‐Bilanz auf als Außenwandkonstruktionen in konventioneller Bauweise wie z. B. Wärmedämmverbundsysteme. Nach etwa 15 Jahren Forschung und diversen Bauvorhaben im Wohn‐ und Bildungssektor konnte nun ein erster Einzelhandelsmarkt mit Außenwänden aus Infraleichtbeton realisiert werden. Im Rahmen dieses Bauvorhabens wurde erfolgreich eine vorhabenbezogene Bauartgenehmigung (vBG) auf der Grundlage eines Brandversuchs und eines auf Berechnungen basierenden Übertragungskonzepts für eine Brandwand aus ILC erwirkt. Der Beitrag stellt das Übertragungskonzept sowie ein für die vorliegende besondere Bauweise der Brandwand entwickeltes vereinfachtes Berechnungsverfahren zum Nachweis der Standsicherheit im Brandfall vor.
Functional Multivariable Logistic Regression With an Application to HIV Viral Suppression Prediction
Authors: Guo Siyuan , Zhang Jiajia , Wu Yichao , McLain Alexander C. , Hardin James W. , Olatosi Bankole , Li Xiaoming
Published: July 2024

Motivated by improving the prediction of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) suppression status using electronic health records (EHR) data, we propose a functional multivariable logistic regression model, which accounts for the longitudinal binary process and continuous process simultaneously. Specifically, the longitudinal measurements for either binary or continuous variables are modeled by functional principal components analysis, and their corresponding functional principal component scores are used to build a logistic regression model for prediction. The longitudinal binary data are linked to underlying Gaussian processes. The estimation is done using penalized spline for the longitudinal continuous and binary data. Group‐lasso is used to select longitudinal processes, and the multivariate functional principal components analysis is proposed to revise functional principal component scores with the correlation. The method is evaluated via comprehensive simulation studies and then applied to predict viral suppression using EHR data for people living with HIV in South Carolina.
Development of fluorescence probe for spectrofluorimetric determination of viloxazine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical form and rat plasma; additional pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Almalki Atiah H. , Alnemari Reem M. , Abduljabbar Maram H. , Abdelazim Ahmed H.
Published: July 2024

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurological condition frequently identified in early childhood and frequently co‐occurs with other neuropsychological disorders, particularly autism. Viloxazine hydrochloride, a non‐stimulant medication, has recently gained approval for treating attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder. This paper describes the first spectrofluorimetric method for precisely measuring the content of viloxazine in pharmaceutical capsules and rat plasma. This method employed NBD‐Cl (4‐chloro‐7‐nitrobenzo‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazole) as a fluorescent probe, which transformed viloxazine in an alkaline environment into a remarkably sensitive fluorescent adduct. Upon excitation at 476 nm, this adduct becomes detectable at a wavelength of 536 nm. The method was validated using ICH criteria, revealing acceptable linearity across a concentration range of 200–2000 ng/ml and high sensitivity with LOD and LOQ values of 46.774 ng/ml and 141.741 ng/ml, respectively. This method was adeptly applied in a pharmacokinetic study of viloxazine in rat plasma following a single oral dose (10 mg/kg), yielding a mean peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of 1721 ng/ml, achieved within 1.5 h. Furthermore, the environmental impact of the technique was assessed using two greenness assessment tools, revealing a notable level of eco‐friendliness and sustainability.
Eco‐centric success: Stakeholder approaches to sustainable performance via green improvisation behavior and environmental orientation in the hotel industry
Authors: Murtaza Syed Hussain , Khan Adnan , Mustafa Syed Muhammad
Published: July 2024

This study delves into the relationship between green improvisational behavior (GIB), environmental orientation (EO), a green creative climate (GCC), and how they influence the environmental (EP) and social performance (SP) in the hotel industry. Through the perspective of stakeholder theory, the study examines how these factors work together to cultivate an atmosphere. The data was carefully collected through surveys at Pearl Continental Hotels & Resorts branches, a known chain of luxury hotels in Pakistan. Using Structural Equation Modeling for analysis, the study reveals insights for the hospitality industry in promoting a culture that encourages innovative and sustainable practices through environmentally friendly actions. By understanding what drives the development of an environment, hotels can create an organizational culture that supports eco‐friendly initiatives. Additionally, this research contributes to existing knowledge by investigating the role of focus in effectively implementing and utilizing practices that promote a green creative climate for improved environmental and social performance within the hotel industry. The results provide implications for practices within hotels and offer theoretical perspectives on the factors driving sustainability efforts in this sector.
Suicide on Italian Instagram: Insights and implications for prevention and support
Authors: Olcese Martina , Antichi Lorenzo , Madera Francesco , Cardinali Paola , Prestia Davide , Serafini Gianluca , Dettore Davide , Casale Silvia , Giannini Marco , Martinotti Giovanni , Migliorini Laura
Published: July 2024

Instagram is the social network with the largest number of adolescent users in Italy; it is also the social network with the largest number of suicide‐related posts. Suicide is the third leading cause of death in Italy in the 15–19 age group. This study aims to describe Italian posts on Instagram related to suicide and to investigate whether there are differences in the number of likes, comments, and hashtags in relation to the characteristics of the posts. We searched for Italian‐language Instagram posts by typing ‘#suicidio’, an Italian translation of the English word ‘suicide’, and found 303 posts between January and May 2022. Most of the posts were written by ordinary people, while only a small percentage of posts were written by professionals; moreover, the content was predominantly biographical and pro‐suicide, and most posts had no reference to adolescence. Posts with a neutral approach received the most likes, while posts with a negative or positive approach to suicide or that contained references to psychiatric disorders had the most hashtags. These results provide insight regarding guidelines that can be implemented for suicide online prevention and encourage psychologists to enhance online prevention and support using the online community inherent to the Instagram social network.
A Comparative Study of Impact Fracture Toughness of Epoxidized Poly(1, 4 Cis‐Isoprene) Compatibilized PLA Binary and Ternary Blends
Authors: Bijarimi Mohd , Ahmad Sahrim , Ode La , Mustaqeem Mujahid , Norazmi M. , Normaya Erna , Jaafar Jamiluddin
Published: July 2024

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer with limited application because of its intrinsic brittleness, low toughness, and low elongation at break. Melt blends were prepared by mixing a natural rubber (NR, poly(1,4‐cis‐isoprene) in the form of liquid NR (LNR), liquid‐epoxidized NR (LENR), and polypropylene (PP) in the PLA matrix. Four blend systems were designed and prepared, i.e., PLA–PP, PLA–PP–LNR, and PLA–LNR or PLA–LENR. The composition of PP in the blend was fixed at 10 % PLAPP (90/10). Results showed that PLA–PP mixed with LNR improved impact and elongation at break. The binary blend of PLA–LNR (90/10) significantly enhanced impact strength and elongation at break properties. In contrast, the binary blends of PLA–LENR (90/10) showed a lower value of elongation at break (9.5 % vs. 37.3%) and impact strength (4.56 kJ m−2 vs. 6.44 kJ m−2). The melting temperature (Tm) and the glass transition temperature (Tg) were measured by differential scanning calorimetry, which recorded slight changes in the glass temperatures and melting temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy images of the tensile fracture of the PLA–LNR (90/10) blend showed the presence of large fibrils associated with the ductile failure related to neat PLA. Finally, the fracture toughness (KIC) of PLA–LNR (90/10) showed an increase of 39 % over neat PLA (2.94 MPa.m1/2 vs. 4.08 MPa.m1/2).
Identification of intrinsic vacancies and polarization effect on ternary halo‐sulfur‐bismuth compounds for efficient CO2 photoreduction under near‐infrared light irradiation
Authors: Li Jun , Chai Qingqing , Niu Ranran , Pan Wenfeng , Chen Zhiquan , Wang Liang , Wang Kai , Liu Zhongyi , Liu Yifeng , Xiao Yao , Liu Bin
Published: July 2024

Ternary halo‐sulfur bismuth compound Bi19X3S27 (X = Cl, Br, I) with distinct electronic structure and full‐spectrum light‐harvesting properties show great application potential in the CO2 photoreduction field. However, the relationship between photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance and the function of halogens in Bi19X3S27 is still poorly understood. Herein, a series of Bi19X3S27 nanorod photocatalysts with intrinsic X and S dual vacancies were developed, which showed significant near‐infrared (NIR) light responses. The types and concentrations of intrinsic vacancies were confirmed and quantified by positron annihilation spectrometry and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Experimental results showed that Br atoms and intrinsic vacancies (dual Br‐S) in Bi19Br3S27 could greatly enhance the internal polarized electric field and improve the transfer and separation of photogenerated carriers compared with Bi19Cl3S27 and Bi19I3S27. Theoretical calculations revealed that Br atoms in Bi19Br3S27 could facilitate CO2 adsorption and activation and decrease the formation energy of reactive hydrogen. Among Bi19X3S27 nanorods, Bi19Br3S27 nanorods revealed the highest CO2 photoreduction activity with CO yield rate of 28.68 and 2.28 μmol gcatalyst−1 h−1 with full‐spectrum and NIR lights, respectively. This work presents an atomic understanding of the intrinsic vacancies and halogen‐mediated CO2 photoreduction mechanism.
Enhanced water‐splitting performance: Interface‐engineered tri‐metal phosphides with carbon dots modification
Authors: Jiang Yingnan , Yu Jingkun , Song Haoqiang , Du Lingling , Sun Wenxuan , Cui Yulong , Su Yuwen , Sun Meiling , Yin Guangchao , Lu Siyu
Published: July 2024

Designing integrated overall water‐splitting catalysts that maintain high efficiency and stability under various conditions is an important trend for future development, yet it remains a significant challenge. Herein, novel nanoflower‐like tri‐metallic Ni–Ru–Mo phosphide catalyst ((Ni–Ru–Mo)P@F‐CDs), integrated with F‐doped carbon dots (F‐CDs), were synthesized via a straightforward hydrothermal process and subsequent phosphatization. Attributable to precise interface engineering and electronic structure optimization, (Ni–Ru–Mo)P@F‐CDs exhibit exceptional bi‐functional catalytic activity in alkaline conditions, achieving remarkably low overpotentials of 231 and 123 mV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), respectively, at a current density of 100 mA cm−2. Industrially, only 1.426 V is needed for the same efficacy. Additionally, the catalyst requires merely 1.508 and 1.564 V for overall water splitting in 1 M KOH and simulated seawater, respectively, at 100 mA cm−2. The catalyst also shows excellent stability, with minimal performance decline over 100 h within 100–200 mA cm−2. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the interface structure synergistically optimizes Gibbs free energy for H* and O* intermediates during HER and OER, respectively, accelerating electrochemical water‐splitting kinetics.
Stimuli‐Induced Fluorescence Switching in Azine‐Containing Fluorophores Displaying Resonance‐Stabilized ESIPT Emission
Authors: Stoerkler Timothée , Ulrich Gilles , Retailleau Pascal , Achelle Sylvain , Laurent Adèle D. , Jacquemin Denis , Massue Julien
Published: July 2024

This article reports the synthesis, along with structural and photophysical characterization of 2‐(2’‐hydroxyphenyl)benzazole derivatives functionalized with various azaheterocycles (pyridine, pyrimidine, terpyridine). These compounds show dual‐state emission properties, that is intense fluorescence both in solution and in the solid‐state with a range of fluorescent color going from blue to orange. Moreover, the nature of their excited state can be tuned by the presence of external stimuli such as protons or metal cations. In the absence of stimuli, these dyes show emission stemming from anionic species obtained after deprotonation (D* transition), whereas upon protonation or metal chelation, ESIPT process occurs leading to a stabilized and highly emissive K* transition. With the help of extensive ab initio calculations, we confirm that external stimuli can switch the nature of the transitions, making this series of dyes attractive candidates for the development of stimuli‐responsive fluorescent ratiometric probes.
Induced Chirality in Sulfasalazine by Complexation With Albumins: Theoretical and Experimental Study
Authors: Grandini Giulia Saneti , Ximenes Valdecir Farias , Morgon Nelson Henrique , de Souza Aguinaldo Robinson
Published: July 2024

Through molecular recognition, drugs can interact and complex with macromolecules circulating in the body. The serum albumin transport protein, found in several mammals, has several interaction sites where these molecules can be located. The drug sulfasalazine (SSZ) is known in the literature to complex at drug site 1 (DS1) in human serum (HSA) and bovine serum (BSA) proteins. This complexation can be studied using various spectroscopic techniques. With the techniques used in this work, absorption in the ultraviolet and visible regions (UV–Vis) and electronic circular dichroism (ECD), a significant difference was observed in the results involving HSA and BSA. The application of theoretical methodologies, such as TD‐DFT and molecular docking, suggests that the conformation that SSZ assumes in DS1 of the two proteins is different, which exposes it to different amino acid residues and different hydrophobicities. This difference in conformation may be related to the location of DS1 where the drug interacts or to the possibility of SSZ moving in the BSA site, due to its larger size, and moving less freely in HSA.
Antibacterial and Biofilm Removal Strategies Based on Micro/Nanomotors in the Biomedical Field
Authors: Wu Wenlu , Wang Yuxin , Yang Haiyue , Chen Haixu , Wang Cong , Liang Junge , Song Yiran , Xu Shanshan , Sun Yuan , Wang Lei
Published: July 2024

Bacterial infection, which can trigger varieties of diseases and tens of thousands of deaths each year, poses serious threats to human health. Particularly, the new dilemma caused by biofilms is gradually becoming a severe and tough problem in the biomedical field. Thus, the strategies to address these problems are considered an urgent task at present. Micro/nanomotors (MNMs), also named micro/nanoscale robots, are mostly driven by chemical energy or external field, exhibiting strong diffusion and self‐propulsion in the liquid media, which has the potential for antibacterial applications. In particular, when MNMs are assembled in swarms, they become robust and efficient for biofilm removal. However, there is a lack of comprehensive review discussing the progress in this aspect. Bearing it in mind and based on our own research experience in this regard, the studies on MNMs driven by different mechanisms orchestrated for antibacterial activity and biofilm removal are timely and concisely summarized and discussed in this work, aiming to show the advantages of MNMs brought to this field. In addition, an outlook was proposed, hoping to provide the fundamental guidance for future development in this area.
Interface‐Interactive Nanoarchitectonics: Solid and/or Liquid
Authors: Ariga Katsuhiko
Published: July 2024

The methodology of nanoarchitectonics is to construct functional materials using nanounits such as atoms, molecules, and nanoobjects, just like architecting buildings. Nanoarchitectonics pursues the ultimate concept of materials science through the integration of related fields. In this review paper, under the title of interface‐interactive nanoarchitectonics, several examples of structure fabrication and function development at interfaces will be discussed, highlighting the importance of architecting materials with nanoscale considerations. Two sections provide some examples at the solid and liquid surfaces. In solid interfacial environments, molecular structures can be precisely observed and analyzed with theoretical calculations. Solid surfaces are a prime site for nanoarchitectonics at the molecular level. Nanoarchitectonics of solid surfaces has the potential to pave the way for cutting‐edge functionality and science based on advanced observation and analysis. Liquid surfaces are more kinetic and dynamic than solid interfaces, and their high fluidity offers many possibilities for structure fabrications by nanoarchitectonics. The latter feature has advantages in terms of freedom of interaction and diversity of components, therefore, liquid surfaces may be more suitable environments for the development of functionalities. The final section then discusses what is needed for the future of material creation in nanoarchitectonics.
Calcium Carbonate Nanocrystal Growth and Formation on Substrate by Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition at Different Pre‐Cursor Concentration
Authors: Sulimai Nurul Hidah , Mohammad Jafar Salifairus , Khusaimi Zuraida , Malek Mohd. Firdaus , Abdullah Saifollah , Mahmood Mohamad Rusop
Published: July 2024

Recent observations of crystallization by thermal chemical vapor deposition systems indicate that the classical mechanism of nucleation and growth is followed. Information on aragonite nanocrystal growth and formation on substrate have been lacking due to the lack of reports on diffusional growth that can observe calcium carbonate nucleation processes in thin film formation. This report is important due to the additive‐free method able to grow stable single‐phase nanocrystals without the presence of other phases, amorphous or impurities. This work demonstrates homogeneous nucleation occurred in gas phase reaction in a constant flow of carbon dioxide gas (100 sccm) with optimally 0.5 M calcium chloride precursor in atmospheric pressure at 400 °C resulting in a calculated crystallite size of 27.8 nm. X‐ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectrometer confirm the presence of calcium carbonate nanocrystal, whereas its structural changes are observed by its micrograph from field emission scanning electron microscope. The aim is to convey its importance in gaining control of aragonite nanocrystal morphology and structural properties, and thus generate nanocrystals with controlled phase. This work may contribute to development of more sensitive and crucial applications of calcium carbonate nanocrystal thin film such as in biosensors and biomedical.
Surface Cleaning of Oil Contaminants Using Bulk Nanobubbles
Authors: Hansen Helena H. W. B. , Ouyang Lingxi , Cha Haotian , Zhang Jun , Li Qin , Tan Beng Hau , Vashi Aditya , Nguyen Nam‐Trung , An Hongjie
Published: July 2024

The removal of oil from solid surfaces, such as textiles and plates, remains a challenge due to the strong binding affinity of the oil. Conventional methods for surface cleaning often require surfactants and mechanical abrasion to enhance the cleaning process. However, in excess, these can pose adverse effects on the environment and to the material. This study investigated how bulk nanobubble water can clean oil microdroplets deposited on surfaces like glass coverslips and dishes. Microscopy imaging and further image analysis clearly revealed that these microdroplets detached from both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces when washed with bulk nanobubble water within a fluidic microchannel. Oil contaminant cleaning was also conducted in water as mobile phase to mimic the circumstances that occur in a dishwasher and washing machine. Cleaning on a larger scale also proved very successful in the removal of oil from a porcelain bowl. These results indicate that nanobubble water can easily remove oil contaminants from glass and porcelain surfaces without the assistance of surfactants. This is in stark contrast to negligible results obtained with a control solution without nanobubbles. This study indicates that nanobubble technology is an innovative, low‐cost, eco‐friendly approach for oil removal, demonstrating its potential for broad practical applications.