bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Computational Study of Cluster Dynamics in Structural Lubricity: Role of Cluster Rotation
Authors: Oo Wai , Baykara Mehmet , Gao Hongyu
Published: April 2023

We present a computational study of sliding between gold clusters and a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite substrate, a material system that exhibits ultra-low friction due to structural lubricity.By means of molecular dynamics, it is found that clusters may undergo spontaneous rotations during manipulation as a result of elastic instability, leading to attenuated friction due to enhanced interfacial incommensurability.In the case of a free cluster, shear stresses exhibit a non-monotonic dependency on the strength of the tip-cluster interaction, whereby rigid clusters experience nearly constant shear stresses.Finally, it is shown that the suppression of the translational degrees of freedom of a cluster's outermost-layer can partially annihilate out-of-plane phonon vibrations, which leads to a reduction of energy dissipation that is in compliance with Stokesian damping. It is projected that the physical insight attained by the study presented here will result in enhanced control and interpretation of manipulation experiments at structurally lubric contacts.
Acute Cerebral Infarction in Patient With Aortic Dissection: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yu Bangxing
Published: April 2023

Background:Cerebral infarction may occur in patients with aortic dissection. Some neurologists gave intravenous thrombolysis for cerebral infarction without paying more attention to asymptomatic aortic dissection.Methods/Results:We report the case of a 66-year-old female presenting with unconsciousness who was admitted to our hospital. During intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) with alteplase(rt-PA), the patient died suddenly. One-stop skull and neck CT scan was reviewed during the discussion of the death case, asymptomatic aortic dissection was found.Conclusion:IVT with rt-PA in patient with acute cerebral infarction and asymptomatic aortic dissection may lead to lethal outcomes. Although uncommon, recognition of aortic dissection in patient with acute cerebral infarction is important.
Tartary Buckwheat Protein-derived Peptide AFYRW alleviates H2O2 -induced vascular injury via the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway
Authors: Xiao Yi , Yang Jiajun , Deng Yan , Zhang Lilin , Xu Qingzhong , Li Hongmei
Published: April 2023

Tartary buckwheat protein-derived peptide (Ala-Phe-Tyr-Arg-Trp, AFYRW) is a natural active peptide that hampers the atherosclerosis process, but the underlying role of AFYRW in angiogenesis remains unknown. Here, we present a system-based study to evaluate the effects of AFYRW on H2O2-induced vascular injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were co-incubated with H2O2 for 2 h to the vascular injury model, and AFYRW was added 24 h in advance to investigate the protective mechanism of vascular injury. We identified that AFYRW inhibits oxidative stress, cell migration, cell invasion, and angiogenesis in H2O2-treated HUVECs. In addition, we found H2O2-induced upregulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and nuclear translocation of NF-κB decreased by AFYRW. Taken together, AFYRW attenuated H2O2-induced vascular injury through the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. Thereby, AFYRW may serve as a therapeutic option for vascular injury.
Mixed Adeno-Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Appendix Masquerading as Ovarian Cancer: Report of a Case
Authors: Zhang He-wei , He Dan , Zhou Xiao-cong , Jiang Yi
Published: April 2023

Background:We report a rare case of a 52-year-old woman with an initial diagnosis of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the ovary and a final finding of metastatic mixed gonadal neuroendocrine carcinoma of the appendix.Case presentation:A 52-year-old Chinese woman was found to have a mass in the right adnexal region during a physical examination. She underwent a first exploratory laparotomy and had her right adnexa and part of her left ovary removed. Eighteen months later, the left adnexal mass recurred and she underwent a repeat exploratory laparotomy and total hysterectomy, left adnexa, greater omentum, appendectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection.Conclusions: Mixed adeno-neuroendocrine carcinoma of appendix is a rare condition. Often, postoperative pathology is required for diagnosis. The case reported here demonstrates that mixed glandular neuroendocrine carcinoma of the appendix can take the form of ovarian cancer, which can be misdiagnosed, and should therefore be differentiated from mixed adeno-neuroendocrine carcinoma of the appendix by gynaecologists when they encounter cases of ovarian cancer.
Bezoar Ileus in Patients with a History of Abdominal Surgery: Weighing the Pros and Cons of Treatment Options
Authors: MUHTAROĞLU Ali , UYGUR Furkan Ali , YİĞİT Merve , KÜÇÜK İbrahim Furkan , DEMİR Hakan , ALTINTOPRAK Fatih
Published: April 2023

Background:This study aims to compare the effectiveness of surgical and conservative medical treatments for bezoar ileus in patients with a history of abdominal surgery.
Methods:A total of 80 patients diagnosed with bezoar ileus and with a history of abdominal surgery were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups based on treatment: conservative medical (n=26) management and surgical (n=54). The primary outcome measure was the resolution of the bezoar ileus without complications. Secondary outcome measures include the length of hospital stay, mortality, and readmission after discharge. Data were collected from electronic medical records and analysed using appropriate statistical methods.
Results:Eighty patients were included in the study, with 26 and 54 patients in treatment groups. The uncomplicated resolution rate was in the surgical group (74,42%), and all complications were related to the postoperative follow-up period. No complication developed during the treatment in 26 patients who received medical treatment. The surgical group also had a significantly shorter hospital stay (mean four days) compared to the medical group (mean seven days) (p < 0.01). Mortality and readmission after discharge rates were similar between the two groups.
Conclusions:Results were similar between surgical treatment and conservative medical treatment in the resolution of bezoar ileus. Surgical treatment was more effective than conservative medical management in reducing hospital stays in patients with prior abdominal surgery. Between the group treated without surgery and the group treated with surgery, respectively, no statistically significant difference was found in terms of mean age, female-male distribution, concomitant disease (excluding cancer history), localization (excluding stomach), bezoar width and length, mortality, incision type (except McBurney), and readmission after discharge (p>0.05). Nonetheless, further prospective studies with larger sample sizes and extended follow-up periods must confirm these findings.
Convective Meteorological Events Forecast using Machine Learning models
Authors: Pereira-Nunes Marcelo , França Gutemberg Borges , Almeida Vinícius Albuquerque
Published: April 2023

This research developed models, based on machine learning (MA), for forecasting 16 hours and 4 hours of occurrence of a convective meteorological event (CME), 4 hours for forecasting severity and evaluating the applicability of the optimal models of 12 UTC using thermodynamic instability indices (TII) data extracted from the WRF model with two different types of parameterization configuration in an attempt to develop a30-hour CME forecast model. In the training and testing of the MA algorithms, the classic TIIs (input) were used, obtained from the atmospheric profiles of the Brasilia upper air sounding and atmospheric discharges (output) detected in the study area for the characterization of CME, considering the period from 2012 to 2017. The optimal models applied to the modeled TIIs were evaluated through statistical metrics with configuration II obtaining significant results. For CME detection, the results showed that the best models obtained POD, 1-FAR, F-MEASURE and KAPPA with values respectively greater than 0.90, 0.80, 0.90, 0.80 and BIAS ranging from 0 .89 and 1.12. For the detection of event severity, the model presented the following statistical values (in parentheses): POD (0.82), 1-FAR (0.78), F-MEASURE (0.82), KAPPA (0.59 ) and BIAS (0.97). The results of 16-h and 4-h CME prediction hindcasts (30 days) with developed models demonstrated acceptable performance in identifying the occurrence or non-occurrence of CME and its severity for the study area.
Mg-incorporated micro/nano-topographical calcium silicate coatings with enhanced osteogenic properties and reduced inflammatory reactions
Authors: Li Kai , Hu Dandan , Zhang Xinwei , Li Jieping , Huang Shansong , Ji Heng , Zheng Xuebin
Published: April 2023

Orthopedic implant coatings with optimized surface topography and chemistry can achieve favorable osteogenesis and inflammatory responses. In this work, to take advantage of micro/nano-topography and nutrient element Mg, atmosphere plasma spray and post hydrothermal treatment were employed to fabricate two kinds of Mg-incorporated micro/nano-topographical calcium silicate (Mg1-CS and Mg2-CS) coatings. MgSiO3 microspheres composed of nano-flakes were formed on the CS coating surface. We investigated the effects of surface topography and released Mg ion on the protein adsorption and the behaviors of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and RAW264.7 macrophages. Compared with the CS coating, the Mg2-CS coating had larger surface area and pore volume, which favored serum protein adsorption and BMSC adhesion. With higher Mg2+ release, the Mg1-CS coating exerted greater effect on enhancing fibronectin adsorption, integrin activation, and osteogenic behaviors of BMSCs. The gene expression profiles showed that the Mg-incorporated CS coatings could modulate macrophage polarization towards M2 phenotype with Mg2-CS showing greater effect. These results showed that the nanostructured Mg-containing surface can promote osteogenic responses and mitigate inflammatory reactions.
Prevalence and management of anemia and impact of treatment burden on health-related quality of life in CKD and dialysis patients
Authors: Hussain Sadia Ghulam , Khan Amjad , Chinnam Sampath , Mushtaq Saima , Ahmad Nafees , Hussain Hidayat
Published: April 2023

Background Anemia management in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant challenge to healthcare professionals worldwide. The extensive management of CKD and its complications are directly linked with a substantial treatment burden and it impacts the quality of life. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and management of anemia and to evaluate the treatment burden and its impact on the quality of life in CKD and Dialysis patients.Methodology A multicenter prospective observational study was conducted in three different hospitals. Initially, 170 patients were recruited in the study with prior consent taken from them. A face-to-face interview was conducted, and a data collection form was distributed among study participants.Results The prevalence of anemia among CKD (stage 3–5) and dialysis patients was 78.7% and 94.7% respectively at baseline. Dialysis patients used more erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESAs) i.e. 38.6% at baseline and 40.8% at month 6 compared to non-dialysis CKD patients. Dialysis patients had a higher treatment burden compared to CKD at baseline (77.4 ± 10.6 vs 59.3 ± 13.3) and at month 6 visit (79.3 ± 11.1 vs 59.1 ± 14.5). The Multiple regression analysis showed that treatment burden had a significant association with age, duration of disease and presence of comorbidity at baseline. There was a strong negative correlation between overall treatment burden and quality of life.Conclusion Anemia was prevalent and its management was suboptimal in the current study. The overall treatment burden score was high in dialysis patients and negatively affects the quality of life.
The Principle of Boycotting Number 1s: Enhancing Decision-Making Diversity and Balancing Market Power in a Complex World
Authors: Farshi Esmaeil
Published: April 2023

This paper introduces the Principle of Boycotting Number 1s (also known as The Principle of Uncertainty in Prioritizing Number 1), a decision-making strategy devised to counteract the dominance of a single top option by redistributing probabilities associated with the Number 1 option to other alternatives. In today's complex world, individuals frequently encounter a vast array of choices, often defaulting to the number 1 option, whether it be the most luxurious car, the top-rated restaurant, or the highest-ranked university. This propensity, however, can result in artificially inflated values for top-ranked options and substantial financial and non-financial losses. To address this issue, we present the novel Principle of Boycotting Number 1s, accentuating the benefits of considering second or third choices. This pioneering approach to decision-making fosters more equitable pricing and accurate valuation of products and services. Renowned concepts, such as Status Quo Bias and the Bandwagon Effect, can be linked to the Principle of Boycotting Number 1s, which encourages diversity and uncertainty in decision-making and drives the exploration of alternative options. We investigate the implications of this principle in diverse decision-making contexts and establish connections to relevant concepts, including the Minority Game, the Exploration vs. Exploitation Trade-off, and the Wisdom of the Crowd. By understanding and implementing the Principle of Boycotting Number 1s, decision-makers can nurture more effective and diverse decision-making processes. Furthermore, we highlight the potential applications of this principle across an extensive array of fields, such as mathematics, physics, logic, biology, genetics, evolutionary theory, politics, psychology, business, industry, social life, and computer science, particularly emphasizing its economic impact. This foundational principle generates a plethora of laws, lemmas, theorems, and concepts. Its utilization in achieving market price fairness exemplifies only a small portion of this principle's influence. With roots in the mathematical foundations of game theory, information theory, and topology, this principle bears significance for numerous scientific domains and can affect global economic decisions made by governments and corporations.
Biological Parameters of Crapemyrtle Bark Scale (Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae) Differ When Reared on Different Crapemyrtle Hosts
Authors: Xie Runshi , Wu Bin , Gu Mengmeng , Qin Hongmin
Published: April 2023

Crapemyrtle bark scale (CMBS; Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae Kuwana), a fast-spreading invasive insect, has been causing damage to popular landscape plants in at least 17 states in the United States since 2004. This invasive insect has a list of documented plant hosts in ∼23 genera, which includes its primary hosts, crapemyrtles (Lagerstroemia spp.), as well as other important plant species, such as pomegranates, apple, and the native plant American beautyberry. Previous studies have shown CMBS causes different levels of feeding damage among its plant hosts, while the underlining plant defense mechanisms toward CMBS attacks remain elusive. A better understanding of plant–CMBS interactions and how CMBS performs under different plants (e.g., a susceptible vs. a resistant host) can provide valuable guidance for integrated pest management. Therefore, in this study, we conducted the age-stage, two-sex table study analysis to evaluate the biological parameters of CMBS on different species or cultivars of crapemyrtle under laboratory conditions (25 °C and 250 μmol·m−2·s−1 light with a photoperiod of 12 hours:12 hours (light:dark). Crapemyrtle bark scale development was found to be greatly influenced by the hosts. This study aims to provide important biological and ecological data on CMBS using a comprehensive life table study to gain a thorough understanding of its development, survival, and fecundity on different crapemyrtle species or cultivars.
Irkutsk heavy engineering plant experience in the market of mining and processing equipment
Authors: Movshovich Ya. V. , Kuleshov A. V. , Burdonov A. E. , Novikov Yu. V.
Published: April 2023

The article celebrates the 115th anniversary of the Irkutsk heavy engineering plant (IHEP) and describes its operation experience. During this time, IHEP worked its way up from a workshop supplying the army, an agricultural and mechanical plant to one of the largest Russian machine-building plants with a full production cycle in the Commonwealth of Independent States. The scientific base developed at the enterprise makes it possible to automate the same type tasks, as well as to upgrade equipment in order to improve its technological performance. The article analyzes the operation results of the enterprise. A consideration is given to the line of manufactured equipment, its improvement and modernization methods. A distinctive feature of IHEP is the availability of foundry facilities, which carry out melting, molding and heat treatment of products. A key element contributing to the development of the enterprise is the design office, which is constantly in search of new solutions that best meet the needs of customers in terms of industrial and economic efficiency, safety, reliability and service life of the designed equipment. The IHEP Design Bureau uses modern tools for equipment design and flow processes modeling for subsequent calculation of the technical and design parameters of thickening equipment, which ensures high performance, as well as safe and efficient operation. Today, the enterprise has launched a serial production of mining and processing equipment, as well as mine machinery and metallurgical equipment. IHEP equipment is supplied to more than 20 countries around the world. The plant's customers are the largest companies of the Russian Federation, which operate in the field of mining, metallurgy and oil production.
Methods to reduce residual welding stresses in mining excavator metal structures
Authors: Makarov A. P. , Khramovskikh V. A. , Nepomnyashchikh K. A.
Published: April 2023

Residual stresses in metal structures of mining machinery caused by welding occur due to simultaneous uneven heating and cooling of local sections of structures, variable cooling rates in the different areas of the weld and deformations caused by metallurgical phase transformations. Residual stress in the welded joint can significantly increase the external load that can lead to structural failure. Research on the calculation, measurement and relief of residual stresses under welding is an important issue when predicting the service life of metal structure units of mining machinery and equipment. An accurate quantitative estimation of residual stresses in welded products, repair welds included, as well as the search for the fundamental principles of the elimination methods of residual deformations are of considerable practical interest, which is relevant for the authors of this paper. The study involved a general review of the latest researches in the field of estimation and measurement of residual stresses caused by electrogas welding. It has been proposed to use various techniques and analytical methods for quantitative estimation of welded joint residual stresses on the basis of fracture mechanics, which enabled to take preventative measures at early stages to reduce the cost of repair and maintenance of welded metal structures of mining excavators. The conducted study resulted in formulating the proposals on relief of residual welding stresses in the metal structures of mining excavators.
Chemical elements, minerals and rocks in a single three-dimensional model
Authors: Labushev M. M. , Labushev T. M. , Khokhlov A. N.
Published: April 2023

The purpose of the study is refining of the proposed earlier unified three-dimensional model for the positioning of chemical elements, minerals, and rocks in the earth's crust, as well as working out its description terminology and model system properties specification. The research methods included the logical and mathematical analysis of the model based on atomic weights of chemical elements, their valences and electronegativity, as well as on the atomic weights of chemical elements present in the composition of minerals and calculation of multidimensional proportionality indexes for each of given characteristics. The methods were used for further development of the previously introduced assumption that within the three-dimensional model minerals are arranged in the ascending order of the index of multidimensional proportionality of atomic weights of chemical elements in their composition, similarly to the way the chemical elements are positioned in the model according to the increase of their atomic weights. Both rocks and minerals are arranged in the ascending order of this index, whereas rocks correspond to a certain mineral in terms of the multidimensional proportionality index. As a result of the study, a general analysis of the system properties of vertical spatial groups of chemical elements of the model was carried out with groups being divided into two types depending on the presence of a gas or a solid chemical element in the first position. The variation patterns of chemical element valencies and electronegativity were studied in these spatial groups. Also, the analyses of multidimensional data were performed for the elements of these groups. The values of the multidimensional index were calculated for the first 760 minerals using the Agemarker open source program. The analysis of multivariate data confirmed the division of groups into two types. Having analyzed their mutual arrangement, the authors suggested the existence of gas channels of chemical element migration and determined possible migration paths of chemical elements in the three-dimensional model under the formation of some minerals. The relative position of some fields was considered in order to confirm the spatial characteristics of the three-dimensional model. The authors have introduced a new paradigm of geological research positioning minerals and rocks in a three-dimensional model and determining possible migration paths of chemical elements when minerals and rocks are formed.
Pengaruh Kombinasi Vitamin C pada Suplementasi Zat Besi terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin: Meta-Analisis
Authors: Aini Hamidah Nur , Safitri Debby Endayani
Published: April 2023

This study was conducted to determine the effect of iron supplementation with a combination of vitamin C on hemoglobin levels. This study is a meta-analysis of research published between 2010 and 2020. The identification of research articles using the Medline®, PNRI, and Google Scholar databases. The dependent variable of this study was hemoglobin levels with the independent variable iron with and without vitamin C. The analysis carried out in the study was homogeneity test, combined mean, and sensitivity test. The results of the study with the homogeneity test showed that the research data was heterogeneous, the difference in the combined average in the study was 0.79 (95% CI: -0.60-1.40). After the sensitivity test was carried out, the combined mean obtained values that were much different. Based on the meta-analysis conducted, iron supplementation combined with vitamin C was able to increase hemoglobin by 0.79 higher than iron supplementation without vitamin C. Iron supplementation for anemia prevention is more effective with vitamin C. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan pengaruh suplementasi zat besi dengan kombinasi vitamin C terhadap kadar hemoglobin. Penelitian ini merupakan meta-analisis terhadap penelitian yang dipublikasikan pada rentang tahun 2010 hingga 2020 dengan studi eksperimental. Identifikasi artikel penelitian menggunakan basis data Medline®, PNRI, dan Google Scholar. Variabel dependen penelitian ini adalah kadar hemoglobin dengan variabel independen zat besi dengan dan tanpa vitamin c. Analisis yang dilakukan pada penelitian adalah uji homogenitas, mean gabungan, dan uji sensitivitas. Hasil penelitian dengan uji homogenitas menunjukkan data penelitian heterogen, perbedaan rata-rata gabungan pada penelitian adalah 0,79 (95% CI: -0,60-1,40). Setelah dilakukan uji sensitivitas, mean gabungan mendapatkan nilai yang jauh berbeda. Berdasarkan hasil meta-analisis yang telah dilakukan, suplementasi zat besi dikombinasikan dengan vitamin C mampu meningkatkan hemoglobin sebanyak 0,79 lebih tinggi dibandingkan suplementasi zat besi tanpa vitamin C. Suplementasi zat besi untuk pencegahan anemia lebih efektif dilakukan dengan disertai vitamin C.
Fake Review and Liabilities Defect Goods in E-Commerce
Authors:   Department of Law, University of Indonesia Jl. Margonda Raya, Pondok Cina, Beji District, Depok City, West Java 16424, Indonesia, Clarisa Hardiana , Areta A Hany
Published: April 2023

COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the development of e-commerce users, with the increasing use of e-commerce in Indonesia, the more potential for violations. A rife case is the provision of fake reviews which in practice dramatically affects the purchasing power of consumers so that it is often misused. In addition, many cases end with the transfer of responsibility between the shipping company and the seller for damaged goods received by consumers. The current law and regulations in Indonesia, namely the Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection (“Consumer Protection Law”), are still considered insufficient to answer the existing problems. The synergy between the marketplace, government, business actors, and consumers is essential to solve this problem. In addition, Indonesia can adopt laws in other countries such as the United States and Singapore. The method used in this writing is normative juridical, namely, using a normative approach to the literature study method. Therefore, in this journal, the author tries to analyze how the law in Indonesia overcomes the two problems above with the title "Legal Aspects of Consumer Protection Law of Fake Review and Liabilities Defect Goods in E-Commerce.
Hydrogeochemical characteristics of Kodku River of Lalitpur District, Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Manisha , Regmi Tejendra
Published: April 2023

Hydro-geochemical characteristics of Kodku River of Lalitpur, Nepal were determined through analysis of physicochemical parameters including major anions and cations. This study also characterizes and evaluates the suitability for drinking and irrigation. The results showed that river water is slightly alkaline toward the downstream. The concentration of BOD, COD, and total coliform was much higher than its prescribed limits for drinking purposes in downstream, whereas a few samples in upstream are fit for drinking with reference to WQI value. The estimated sodium percentage (Na%), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), permeability index (PI), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR), and Kelly's ratio (KR) depict the excellent and safe categories for irrigation purposes. The obtained Wilcox diagram also revealed that river water falls under the C1S1 category which is safe for crops. Hydrogeochemical facies in Piper diagrams signifies the dominance of Ca–HCO3 type. Similarly, Gibbs maps indicate mineral (rock) weathering, whereas mixing diagram reveals carbonate weathering as the main controlling factor of major ion species. This study provides information on the hydrogeochemical properties of the river and its suitability for drinking and irrigation. Despite the comprehensiveness, the study can be an effective approach for countries with similar levels of water resources management.
Defining and acting on water poverty in England and Wales
Authors: Sylvester Ruth , Hutchings P. , Mdee A.
Published: April 2023

Water poverty is the lived condition households experience when they are struggling, or unable, to afford their water bills. Despite a relatively low public profile, it affected approximately 20% of households in England and Wales in 2020. Currently, as many as 34% of bill payers report struggling to pay fairly frequently. This comprehensive review examines definitions, prevalence and manifestations of water poverty through an analysis of 354 grey and academic documents, dating between 1985 and 2022. Synthesising the literature revealed how water poverty is a structurally-produced problem, reflecting trends in sector governance and wider societal processes. In the 1980s and 1990s, water poverty was characterised by household disconnections, as defaulting customers were considered a drain on the financial health of newly privatised utilities. Owing to civil society opposition, by 2000 water poverty became a technocratic problem of affordability and debt. Despite certain legal protections for vulnerable households, structural drivers of water poverty were unresolved and rates continued to rise, peaking in 2013/2014. Contemporary discourse emphasises extending availability, accessibility and flexibility of support, but structural inequalities remain hidden. It is, therefore, highly questionable whether the water sector in England and Wales can fulfil its commitment to ending water poverty by 2030.
Concentrating emulsified oily wastewater by integrated membrane technology
Authors: Wang Hongmei , Chen Hao , Hong Yibin , Li Wenxiang , Li Guishui
Published: April 2023

The effects of operating pressure, feed temperature, oil content of feed solution, and membrane surface flow rate on membrane flux, concentration multiple, and average particle size of oil droplets in the concentrated solution during the single-stage membrane concentration process were investigated. The experimental results show that within a certain operating range, the membrane flux increases with the increase of operating pressure, feed temperature, and membrane surface flow rate, while it decreases continuously with the increase of feed oil content. Optimal conditions for single stage concentration based on membrane flux, concentration factor, and average particle size of oil droplets in the concentrated solution were determined. Then, on the basis of single-stage membrane concentration conditions, three different pore size separation membranes are combined in different ways. After concentration through multi-stage membranes, the particle size of the oil droplets in the concentrate is greater than 20 μm, which is beyond the particle size range of the emulsified oil, and the concentration of the oil in the concentrate is 20–30 times that of the original oil. The method can realize the recovery of oil resources in the emulsified oil-containing wastewater.
Long-term spatial-temporal monitoring of eutrophication in Lake Burdur using remote sensing data
Authors: Tuygun Gizem Tuna , Salgut Serra , Elçi Alper
Published: April 2023

Lake eutrophication continues to be one of the major environmental challenges in lakes worldwide. This study is about using a remote sensing approach to monitor long-term chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations and the trophic state index (TSI) in Lake Burdur, Türkiye. Surface reflectance from Landsat 5, Landsat 7, and Landsat 8 satellite image collections were evaluated with an empirical equation to estimate a 38-year-long (1984–2021) time series of the lake's median Chl-a concentrations. Pixel quality masking was applied to retain only acceptable quality information and exclude images affected by cloud cover, icing, and other environmental factors from the analysis. The results were analyzed based on annual, seasonal, and monthly temporal averages. Over a period of 38 years, Chl-a concentrations were found to vary between 58.7 and 196.4 mg/m3. Notably higher concentrations were recorded in 2010 and 2021, while lower concentrations were observed between 1991 and 1993. A substantial increase in Chl-a concentration was evident from 2002 to 2010. The maximum concentration of Chl-a during the first two decades of the analysis was 130 mg/m3, which increased to 200 mg/m3 during the last two decades. Landsat-derived TSI values suggested that Lake Burdur has been mostly hypertrophic for the entire study period.
In situ surface modification of forward osmosis membrane by polydopamine/polyethyleneimine-silver nanoparticle for anti-fouling improvement in municipal wastewater treatment
Authors: Sun Yan , Zheng Lu , Feng Qianying , Xie Xiaoyang , Yong Zixin , He Jiaojie , Yang Liwei , Zhao Xiaohong
Published: April 2023

In this work, we demonstrate the surface functionalization of cellulose triacetate membrane with co-deposition of polydopamine (PDA)/polyethyleneimine (PEI) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for antifouling property in municipal wastewater treatment. PDA/PEI was first coated on the membrane surface by single-step co-deposition, while AgNPs were formed in situ through catechol groups of PDA immobilizing silver ions and subsequently reducing. The successful surface modification was verified by different membrane characterization techniques. The modified PDA/PEI-nAg CTA membrane exhibits enhanced hydrophilicity and improved antiadhesion and antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the functional layer had an indistinctive effect on the membrane transport parameters. In addition, dynamic forward osmosis (FO) fouling experiment with raw municipal wastewater as feed solution indicated that the PDA/PEI-nAg CTA membrane exhibited notably lower water flux decrease compared to the nascent CTA membrane. The results of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) showed that PDA/PEI-nAg CTA membranes effectively reduced the adsorption of organic foulants (proteins and polysaccharides) and inhibited the formation and development of the fouling layer. The membrane surface modification of the CTA membrane with PDA/PEI and AgNPs efficiently mitigated membrane fouling in municipal wastewater treatment.
Cyclophosphamide Loading and Controlled Release in MIL-100(Fe) as an
Anti-breast Cancer Carrier: In vivo In vitro Study
Authors: Tohidi Shabnam , Aghaie-Khafri Mehrdad
Published: April 2023

Background:

Biocompatible MIL-100 (Fe), a metal organic framework material, has recently
attracted increasing attention in biomedical engineering. The high surface area, pore volume, and accessible
Lewis acid sites make MIL-100 (Fe) a proper candidate for hydrophobic anticancer drug loading
and storage. In this study, a novel investigation of cyclophosphamide (CP) -loaded MIL-100(Fe) (MIL-
100(Fe)/CP) and a simulation of drug loading at a molecular level is presented.

Methods:

This research used a facile synthesis method to prepare MIL-100(Fe), which addresses the
high temperature and pressure challenges of synthesis methods. MIL-100(Fe) and MIL-100(Fe)/CP
were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Fourier transform
infrared (FTIR), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM).

Results:

The carriers' drug loading and release behavior are determined by using UV-visible spectrophotometry.
The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay is applied
to examine the biocompatibility and the anticancer effect of MIL-100(Fe)/CP on the human breast cancer
cell line (MCF-7).

Conclusion:

In vivo antitumor experiments and histological observation reveal inhibition properties of
MIL-100(Fe)/CP on the tumor cells. MIL-100(Fe)/CP, with 37.41% drug payload, represents impressive
antitumor activity.
Effects of Alkoxy Chain Length and 1-Hydroxy Group on Anticolorectal
Cancer Activity of 2-Bromoalkoxyanthraquinones
Authors: Mekzali Nurhaliza Wati , Chee Cheok Wui , Abdullah Iskandar , Lee Yean Kee , Rashid Nurshamimi Nor , Lee Vannajan Sanghiran , Othman Rozana , Hashim Najihah Mohd , Chee Chin Fei
Published: April 2023

Background:

KRAS and p53 are two of the most common genetic alterations associated
with colorectal cancer. New drug development targeting these mutated genes in colorectal cancer
may serve as a potential treatment avenue to the current regimen.

Objective:

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of alkoxy chain length
and 1-hydroxy group on anticolorectal cancer activity of a series of 2-bromoalkoxyanthraquinones
and corroborate it with their in silico properties.

Methods:

In vitro anticancer activity of 2-bromoalkoxyanthraquinones was evaluated against
HCT116, HT29, and CCD841 CoN cell lines, respectively. Molecular docking was performed to
understand the interactions of these compounds with putative p53 and KRAS targets (7B4N and
6P0Z).

Results:

2-Bromoalkoxyanthraquinones with the 1-hydroxy group were proven to be more active
than the corresponding counterparts in anticancer activity. Among the tested compounds, compound
6b with a C3 alkoxy chain exhibited the most promising antiproliferation activity against HCT116
cells (IC50 = 3.83 ± 0.05 μM) and showed high selectivity for HCT116 over CCD841 CoN cells (SI =
45.47). The molecular docking reveals additional hydrogen bonds between the 1-hydroxy group of
6b and the proteins. Compound 6b has adequate lipophilicity (cLogP = 3.27) and ligand efficiency
metrics (LE = 0.34; LLE = 2.15) close to the proposed acceptable range for an initial hit.

Conclusion:

This work highlights the potential of the 1-hydroxy group and short alkoxy chain on
anticolorectal cancer activity of 2-bromoalkoxyanthraquinones. Further optimisation may be warranted
for compound 6b as a therapeutic agent against colorectal cancer.
Investigating the Efficacy of HPV Vaccines in Preventing Cervical Cancer
from 2006 to 2018 in the US: A SEER Data Set Analysis
Authors: Mattis Alexander , Beydoun Hind , Dobrydneva Yuliya , Ganjoo Rohini
Published: April 2023

Background:

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted
infection in the US.The first HPV vaccine was introduced in 2006. There are three different HPV
vaccines that commonly target high-risk HPV types.

Objective:

This study compares HPV vaccine efficacy based on alternative endpoints with the most
recently available cervical cancer incidence data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End
Results (SEER) program and SEER*Stat statistical software.

Methods:

The incidence of cervical cancer, mined from the most recent April 2021 SEER data set,
was stratified according to age and racial groups. Trend analysis reporting cervical cancer
incidence percentage change (PC) and annual percentage change (APC) was calculated by
SEER*Stat statistical software.

Results:

A total of 46,583 cases of cervical cancer were reported, with an average of about 3,580
incidents of cervical cancer per year, with an overall decrement of about 60 cases over the period of
12 years. The percentage change according to age and race groups varied between -15.9 among 40-
44 years old (yo) and +13.8 among 30-34 yo, and from -12 among non-Hispanic White women to
+13 among Hispanic women. Statistically significant APC was observed for five of the nine age
groups and four of the five racial groups.

Conclusion:

There seems to be little if any, correlation between cervical cancer incidence and the
HPV vaccine program in the US. HPV vaccine efficacy based on alternative endpoints, such as
nucleic acid testing and cytological, surgical, and seropositivity endpoints, is fair. Therefore, it is
important to emphasize such alternative testing and surrogate endpoints.
In-situ consolidation of additively manufactured continuous fiber reinforced material: Technical approach and results
Authors: OBERLERCHER H.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Additive manufacturing (AM) of continuous fiber reinforced composites (CFC) is becoming increasingly important in the field of lightweight construction. The major advantage lies particular in the automated manufacturing process and in the production of complex geometries. Most work was done with traditional fusion filament fabrication (FFF) and the lack of separate consolidation units. AM CFCs produced in this manner have shown increased consolidation-related volumetric flaws -i.e. deconsolidation defects decreasing mechanical performance. The presence of deconsolidation defects, normally indicates either poor process parameters selection or inadequate in situ consolidation. Recently, there were several efforts in modifying the FFF of CFCs to minimize deconsolidation defects through in situ thermo-mechanical pressing. However, there are only limited fundamental knowledge on the in situ thermo-mechanical consolidation of FFF-CFCs. The present paper analyses the stated problem and proposes ways to decrease deconsolidation in FFF CF-PA6 laminates. For this purpose, we used a self-developed FFF 3D Printer coupled with a thermo-mechanical pressing unit. The influence of extrusion-, consolidation temperature, printing speed and in situ consolidation pressure on laminate microstructure and flexural strength was investigated. A comparison with FFF laminates printed in a common 3D printer was performed. The controlled 3D printing consolidation process leads to a homogeneous distribution of fibers in the matrix material and to an improvement of the material parameters of the reinforcing composite.
Flange wrinkling in incremental shape rolling
Authors: ESSA A.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Automotive structural components from Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS) can be manufactured with Flexible Roll Forming (FRF). Flange wrinkling is a common shape defect in FRF, this restricts the application of FRF in the automotive industry. The new Incremental Shape Rolling process (ISR) showed that a high tensile transverse strain is developed in the flange and that assists the plastic deformation in the flange. Hence, wrinkle severity can be significantly reduced when weight-optimized components are formed. In this study, the ISR process is applied to a variable width profile from DP600. This investigated profile is a modified automotive component. The forming strains and wrinkling severity in ISR are compared with those obtained from the FRF case. The ISR and the FRF experimental trials are performed on a prototype FRF facility and then used to validate the numerical models which are applied to analyse the deformation behaviour in both processes. The ISR results show a significant reduction in wrinkling. This is due to the high tensile transverse strain that is developed in the ISR flange which facilitates the plastic deformation and hence the flange is stably compressed to the required shape.
In process monitoring of geometrical characteristics in laser metal deposition: A comparative study
Authors: LATTE M.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Although it is experiencing a wide diffusion, there are still several limits to the use of additive manufacturing (AM) for the fabrication of metal components. This includes low productivity, poor dimensional accuracy and uncertainty about the mechanical properties of the final parts. The main cause of these undesirable effects lies in the intrinsic complexity of the metal AM processes, such as Laser Metal Deposition (LMD). Accurate monitoring of the process and optimization of the process parameters are therefore of fundamental importance to ensure the overall quality of the product. Nowadays, several optical methods are under development for the monitoring of geometric characteristics and their correlation with specific process parameters, such as the standoff distance. This paper presents a comparative study between two optical in-process monitoring methods performed on AISI 316L multilayer samples produced by the LMD process. The first is a laser line section method based on a laser diode mounted on the deposition head, while the second method uses a high-resolution CMOS camera placed on the horizontal plane with a front view of the sample. In both cases, ad-hoc image processing algorithms were used to process the data, reconstruct the morphology of the component, and extract geometrical information. Results were then validated using an offline scanning system and micrographic analyses. Both proposed systems allowed the monitoring of the deposition quality using appropriate Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). The study showed a good capability of the prototype systems to detect deposition defects due to undesired variations of the process conditions and to monitor the standoff distance.
Comparison of cutting tool wear classification performance with artificial intelligence techniques
Authors: COLANTONIO L.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Optimal replacement of machining cutting tools is a major challenge in today's manufacturing industry. Due to the degradation of the tool during machining, late replacement of the tool leads to the risk of producing parts that do not meet technical specifications, while early replacement increases machine downtime and tool costs. To replace tools at the right time, it is necessary to monitor their degradation. Therefore, this paper compares the classification performance of different artificial intelligence approaches to classify the condition of cutting tools from cutting signals. Different approaches, namely: Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Classifier (SVC), Random Forest (RF) and k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN) are tested, and their performance is compared. It is highlighted that ANN and RF methods obtain better classification performances (88.8% and 86.4%, respectively) than the rest of the approaches (80%). Nevertheless, all approaches can monitor the degradation of cutting tools in a satisfactory manner (i.e., 80% accuracy). A comparison of training times highlights that training a neural network takes longer than the other approaches. However, with the computational power currently available, this is not an obstacle for their implementation in real applications as this training can still be achieved in a couple of minutes.
On the impact of tool material and lubrication in ball end milling of ceramic foams
Authors: ROTELLA G.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. High porosity materials, such as ceramic foams, can be used for several applications spanning from thermal insulators, biomedical implants, molten metal filters, and others. The general practice is to adjust the shape of those ceramic foams in a pre-sintering stage to obtain complex shapes. This work aims to investigate the workability of ceramic foams in a post-sintering condition as an alternative way to overcome premature product failure during production and inhomogeneous shrinkage during sintering. An experimental campaign of ball end milling of alumina-based ceramic foams in a sintered state was carried out herein. Two different tool materials (aluminum oxide-based, diamond-coated) have been tested using two levels of spindle speed under minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and flood lubrication regimes. The most important findings are: (i) the influence of lubricant is more pronounced analyzing the tool wear, but it has a smaller effect on surface characteristics of the workpiece, (ii) higher spindle speed improves workpiece surface quality (ii) diamond coated tools are the best available choice in terms of both tool wear and surface quality.
Optimizing crystal plasticity model parameters via machine learning-based optimization algorithms
Authors: JUAN R.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. The field of materials science and engineering is constantly evolving, and new methods are being developed to improve our understanding of the relationship between microstructure and properties. One such method is crystal plasticity (CP) modeling, which is widely used for predicting the mechanical properties of crystals and phases. However, determining the constitutive parameters for CP models has been a significant challenge, with current methods relying on either direct chemical composition or inverse fitting, both of which can be time-consuming and lack accuracy. In this study, we propose an automated, advanced, and more efficient method for determining constitutive parameters by using a genetic algorithm (GA) optimization method coupled with machine learning. Our proposed method is applied to two widely used CP models, and the reference data for the calibration is the stress-strain curve from tensile tests. The results of the automated calibration process are then compared to numerical simulation results of CP models with known parameters, demonstrating the efficiency and accuracy of our proposed method.