bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regional Cellular Environment Shapes Phenotypic Variations of Hippocampal and Neocortical Chandelier Cells
Authors: Ishino Yugo , Yetman Michael J. , Sossi Serena M. , Steinecke André , Hayano Yasufumi , Taniguchi Hiroki
Published: September 2017

Different cortical regions processing distinct information, such as the hippocampus and the neocortex, share common cellular components and circuit motifs but form unique networks by modifying these cardinal units. Cortical circuits include diverse types of GABAergic interneurons (INs) that shape activity of excitatory principal neurons (PNs). Canonical IN types conserved across distinct cortical regions have been defined by their morphological, electrophysiological, and neurochemical properties. However, it remains largely unknown whether canonical IN types undergo specific modifications in distinct cortical regions and display “regional variants.” It is also poorly understood whether such phenotypic variations are shaped by early specification or regional cellular environment. The chandelier cell (ChC) is a highly stereotyped IN type that innervates axon initial segments of PNs and thus serves as a good model with which to address this issue. Here, we show that Cadherin-6 (Cdh6), a homophilic cell adhesion molecule, is a reliable marker of ChCs andCdh6-CreERmice (both sexes) provide genetic access to hippocampal ChCs (h-ChCs). We demonstrate that, compared with neocortical ChCs (nc-ChCs), h-ChCs cover twice as much area and innervate twice as many PNs. Interestingly, a subclass of h-ChCs exhibits calretinin (CR) expression, which is not found in nc-ChCs. Furthermore, we find that h-ChCs appear to be born earlier than nc-ChCs. Surprisingly, despite the difference in temporal origins, ChCs display host-region-dependent axonal/synaptic organization and CR expression when transplanted heterotopically. These results suggest that local cellular environment plays a critical role in shaping terminal phenotypes of regional IN variants in the hippocampus and the neocortex.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCanonical interneuron (IN) types conserved across distinct cortical regions such as the hippocampus and the neocortex are defined by morphology, physiology, and gene expression. However, it remains unknown whether they display phenotypic variations in different cortical regions. In addition, it is unclear whether terminal phenotypes of regional IN variants belonging to a canonical IN type are determined intrinsically or extrinsically. Our results provide evidence of striking differences in axonal/synaptic organization and calretinin expression between hippocampal chandelier cells (ChCs) and neocortical ChCs. They also reveal that local cellular environment in distinct cortical regions regulates these terminal phenotypes. Therefore, our study suggests that local cortical environment shapes the phenotypes of regional IN variants, which may be required for unique circuit operations in distinct cortical regions.
Approaching the Ground Truth: Revealing the Functional Organization of Human Multisensory STC Using Ultra-High Field fMRI
Authors: Gentile Francesco , van Atteveldt Nienke , De Martino Federico , Goebel Rainer
Published: September 2017

Integrating inputs across sensory systems is a property of the brain that is vitally important in everyday life. More than two decades of fMRI research have revealed crucial insights on multisensory processing, yet the multisensory operations at the neuronal level in humans have remained largely unknown. Understanding the fine-scale spatial organization of multisensory brain regions is fundamental to shed light on their neuronal operations. Monkey electrophysiology revealed that the bimodal superior temporal cortex (bSTC) is topographically organized according to the modality preference (visual, auditory, and bimodal) of its neurons. In line with invasive studies, a previous 3 Tesla fMRI study suggests that the human bSTC is also topographically organized according to modality preference (visual, auditory, and bimodal) when analyzed at 1.6 × 1.6 × 1.6 mm3voxel resolution. However, it is still unclear whether this resolution is able to unveil an accurate spatial organization of the human bSTC. This issue was addressed in the present study by investigating the spatial organization of functional responses of the bSTC in 10 participants (from both sexes) at 1.5 × 1.5 × 1.5 mm3and 1.1 × 1.1 × 1.1 mm3using ultra-high field fMRI (at 7 Tesla). Relative to 1.5 × 1.5 × 1.5 mm3, the bSTC at 1.1 × 1.1 × 1.1 mm3resolution was characterized by a larger selectivity for visual and auditory modalities, stronger integrative responses in bimodal voxels, and it was organized in more distinct functional clusters indicating a more precise separation of underlying neuronal clusters. Our findings indicate that increasing the spatial resolution may be necessary and sufficient to achieve a more accurate functional topography of human multisensory integration.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe bimodal superior temporal cortex (bSTC) is a brain region that plays a crucial role in the integration of visual and auditory inputs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the fine-scale spatial organization of the bSTC by using ultra-high magnetic field fMRI at 7 Tesla. Mapping the functional topography of bSTC at a resolution of 1.1 × 1.1 × 1.1 mm3revealed more accurate representations than at lower resolutions. This result indicates that standard-resolution fMRI may lead to wrong conclusions about the functional organization of the bSTC, whereas high spatial resolution is essential to more accurately approach neuronal operations of human multisensory integration.
Adrenal hyperandrogenism does not deteriorate insulin resistance and lipid profile in women with PCOS
Authors: Paschou Stavroula A , Palioura Eleni , Ioannidis Dimitrios , Anagnostis Panagiotis , Panagiotakou Argyro , Loi Vasiliki , Karageorgos Georgios , Goulis Dimitrios G , Vryonidou Andromachi
Published: September 2017

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of adrenal hyperandrogenism on insulin resistance and lipid profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Patients and methods

We studied 372 women with PCOS according to the NIH criteria. 232 age- and BMI-matched women served as controls in order to define adrenal hyperandrogenism (DHEA-S >95th percentile). Then, patients with PCOS were classified into two groups: with adrenal hyperandrogenism (PCOS-AH, n = 108) and without adrenal hyperandrogenism (PCOS-NAH, n = 264). Anthropometric measurements were recorded. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, lipid profile, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and androgen (TT, Δ4A, DHEA-S) concentrations were assessed. Free androgen index (FAI) and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index were calculated.

Results

Women with PCOS-AH were younger than PCOS-NAH (P < 0.001), but did not differ in the degree and type of obesity. No differences were found in HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c and triglyceride concentrations (in all comparisons, P > 0.05). These metabolic parameters did not differ between the two groups even after correction for age. Women with PCOS-AH had lower SHBG (29.2 ± 13.8 vs 32.4 ± 11.8 nmol/L, P = 0.025) and higher TT (1.0 ± 0.2 vs 0.8 ± 0.4 ng/mL, P = 0.05) and Δ4A (3.9 ± 1.2 vs 3.4 ± 1.0 ng/mL, P = 0.007) concentrations, as well as FAI (14.1 ± 8.0 vs 10.2 ± 5.0, P < 0.001). These results were confirmed by a multiple regression analysis model in which adrenal hyperandrogenism was negatively associated with age (P < 0.001) and SHBG concentrations (P = 0.02), but not with any metabolic parameter.

Conclusions

Women with PCOS and adrenal hyperandrogenism do not exhibit any deterioration in insulin resistance and lipid profile despite the higher degree of total androgens.
Combined oral contraceptives plus spironolactone compared with metformin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a one-year randomized clinical trial
Authors: Alpañés Macarena , Álvarez-Blasco Francisco , Fernández-Durán Elena , Luque-Ramírez Manuel , Escobar-Morreale Héctor F
Published: September 2017

Objective

We aimed to compare a combined oral contraceptive (COC) plus the antiandrogen spironolactone with the insulin sensitizer metformin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Design

We conducted a randomized, parallel, open-label, clinical trial comparing COC (30 μg of ethinylestradiol and 150 μg of desogestrel) plus spironolactone (100 mg/day) with metformin (850 mg b.i.d.) for one year in women with PCOS (EudraCT2008–004531–38).

Methods

The composite primary outcome included efficacy (amelioration of hirsutism, androgen excess and menstrual dysfunction) and cardiometabolic safety (changes in the frequencies of disorders of glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia and hypertension). A complete anthropometric, biochemical, hormonal and metabolic evaluation was conducted every three months and data were submitted to intention-to-treat analyses.

Results

Twenty-four patients were assigned to COC plus spironolactone and 22 patients to metformin. Compared with metformin, COC plus spironolactone caused larger decreases in hirsutism score (mean difference 4.6 points, 95% CI: 2.6–6.7), total testosterone (1.1 nmol/L, 0.4–1.7), free testosterone (25 pmol/L, 12–39), androstenedione (5.5 nmol/L, 1.8–9.2) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (2.7 μmol/L, 1.4–4.0). Menstrual dysfunction was less frequent with COC plus spironolactone (OR: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.02–0.23). No differences were found in frequencies of abnormal glucose tolerance (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 0.7–4.4), dyslipidemia (OR: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.2–1.8) or hypertension (OR: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.5–2.0). No major adverse events occurred and biochemical markers were similarly safe with both treatments.

Conclusions

COC plus spironolactone was more effective than metformin for symptoms of PCOS showing similar safety and overall neutral effects on cardiometabolic risk factors.
Immune responses in the thyroid cancer microenvironment: making immunotherapy a possible mission
Authors: Mould Robert C , van Vloten Jacob P , AuYeung Amanda W K , Karimi Khalil , Bridle Byram W
Published: September 2017

The incidence of thyroid cancers has been steadily increasing worldwide over the past few decades. Although five-year survival rates for differentiated thyroid cancers are upwards of 90%, clinical outcomes for patients with undifferentiated, recurrent and/or metastatic disease are often dismal despite conventional interventions. As such, there is a demand for novel treatment options. Cancer immunotherapy represents the ultimate form of personalized medicine by leveraging the specificity and potency of a patient’s immune system to kill their tumor. The thyroid cancer microenvironment is rich in immunological cells, making it a reasonable candidate for immunotherapy. This review maps out the immunological features of thyroid cancers and how these can be modulated. There are surprising immunological consequences of conventional therapies that demand attention. Also, hormonal modulation of the immune system is highlighted as a unique and confounding feature of thyroid cancers. A variety of cutting-edge immune-based therapies are discussed, with an emphasis placed on how these can be integrated with the current standard of care. Several high priority areas in need of research are also highlighted.
Donor-Recipient Identification in Para- and Poly-phyletic Trees Under Alternative HIV-1 Transmission Hypotheses Using Approximate Bayesian Computation
Authors: Romero-Severson Ethan O , Bulla Ingo , Hengartner Nick , Bártolo Inês , Abecasis Ana , Azevedo-Pereira José M , Taveira Nuno , Leitner Thomas
Published: September 2017

Diversity of the founding population of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) transmissions raises many important biological, clinical, and epidemiological issues. In up to 40% of sexual infections, there is clear evidence for multiple founding variants, which can influence the efficacy of putative prevention methods, and the reconstruction of epidemiologic histories. To infer who-infected-whom, and to compute the probability of alternative transmission scenarios while explicitly taking phylogenetic uncertainty into account, we created an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) method based on a set of statistics measuring phylogenetic topology, branch lengths, and genetic diversity. We applied our method to a suspected heterosexual transmission case involving three individuals, showing a complex monophyletic-paraphyletic-polyphyletic phylogenetic topology. We detected that seven phylogenetic lineages had been transmitted between two of the individuals based on the available samples, implying that many more unsampled lineages had also been transmitted. Testing whether the lineages had been transmitted at one time or over some length of time suggested that an ongoing superinfection process over several years was most likely. While one individual was found unlinked to the other two, surprisingly, when evaluating two competing epidemiological priors, the donor of the two that did infect each other was not identified by the host root-label, and was also not the primary suspect in that transmission. This highlights that it is important to take epidemiological information into account when analyzing support for one transmission hypothesis over another, as results may be nonintuitive and sensitive to details about sampling dates relative to possible infection dates. Our study provides a formal inference framework to include information on infection and sampling times, and to investigate ancestral node-label states, transmission direction, transmitted genetic diversity, and frequency of transmission.
Diversification of Transcriptional Regulation Determines Subfunctionalization of Paralogous Branched Chain Aminotransferases in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: González James , López Geovani , Argueta Stefany , Escalera-Fanjul Ximena , el Hafidi Mohammed , Campero-Basaldua Carlos , Strauss Joseph , Riego-Ruiz Lina , González Alicia
Published: September 2017

Saccharomyces cerevisiae harbors BAT1 and BAT2 paralogous genes that encode branched chain aminotransferases and have opposed expression profiles and physiological roles . Accordingly, in primary nitrogen sources such as glutamine, BAT1 expression is induced, supporting Bat1-dependent valine–isoleucine–leucine (VIL) biosynthesis, while BAT2 expression is repressed. Conversely, in the presence of VIL as the sole nitrogen source, BAT1 expression is hindered while that of BAT2 is activated, resulting in Bat2-dependent VIL catabolism. The presented results confirm that BAT1 expression is determined by transcriptional activation through the action of the Leu3–α-isopropylmalate (α-IPM) active isoform, and uncovers the existence of a novel α-IPM biosynthetic pathway operating in a put3Δ mutant grown on VIL, through Bat2-Leu2-Leu1 consecutive action. The classic α-IPM biosynthetic route operates in glutamine through the action of the leucine-sensitive α-IPM synthases. The presented results also show that BAT2 repression in glutamine can be alleviated in a ure2Δ mutant or through Gcn4-dependent transcriptional activation. Thus, when S. cerevisiae is grown on glutamine, VIL biosynthesis is predominant and is preferentially achieved through BAT1; while on VIL as the sole nitrogen source, catabolism prevails and is mainly afforded by BAT2.
El Yo como Construcción Intersubjetiva: lo que Enseña la Esquizofrenia
Authors: Cely Ávila Flor Emilce
Published: September 2017

Los análisis fenomenológicos de la esquizofrenia han mostrado que los síntomas característicos de esta enfermedad tienen que ver con una alteración profunda del sentido básico del yo. Este trabajo parte de la descripción de los trastornos de la intersubjetividad en la esquizofrenia. En dichas afecciones los sujetos esquizofrénicos viven el contacto interpersonal como una amenaza en la que su identidad puede ser usurpada. Se muestra cómo los análisis de algunos de los síntomas esquizofrénicos más agudos reafirman la posición defendida por la fenomenología de que el sentido experiencial del yo tiene una prioridad constitutiva fundamental.
Satisfacción Laboral: Un Modelo Explicativo Basado en Variables Disposicionales
Authors: Salessi Solana Magali , Omar Alicia
Published: September 2017

Se verificó un modelo explicativo de la satisfacción laboral basado en la relación de algunas variables disposicionales. Se plantea un modelo de mediación múltiple moderada, que fue analizado en una muestra multiocupacional de 575 trabajadores argentinos. La verificación empírica indicó que el efecto indirecto positivo del capital psicológico y de la inteligencia emocional sobre la satisfacción laboral es amplificado por la extraversión y atenuado por el neuroticismo; en contraste, el efecto indirecto negativo del cinismo organizacional se encuentra fortalecido por el descontrol emocional y amortiguado por la extraversión. Se discuten los resultados y se señalan las fortalezas y limitaciones del estudio.
Evaluation of ghrelin levels and endothelial functions in patients with coronary slow flow phenomenon
Authors: Çelik Oğuzhan , Demirci Erkan , Aydın Mustafa , Karabag Turgut , Kalçık Macit
Published: September 2017

Background

Ghrelin has recently been reported to have beneficial effects on cardiac contractile functions and coronary blood flow. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the role of ghrelin in the pathogenesis of coronary slow flow (CSF) together with endothelial functions.

Methods

Twenty-five patients having normal coronary arteries with CSF and 25 controls with normal coronary flow were included into the study. The quantitative measurement of coronary blood flow was performed for each coronary artery using the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count (TFC) method. Ghrelin levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method from venous blood samples. Endothelial functions were evaluated from the brachial artery with the flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and nitrate-related dilation methods.

Results

There was a significant difference in terms of mean TFC values between the control and CSF groups (p < 0.001 for all coronary arteries). The mean FMD percentage among patients with CSF was lower than that of the control group (5.9 ± 0.8 vs. 10.7% ± 1.1%; p < 0.001). A moderate negative correlation was observed between the FMD percentages and the TFCs. There was no relationship between the TFC and ghrelin levels.

Conclusion

Plasma ghrelin levels seem to be uninfluential while impaired endothelial functions play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of CSF.
Oxidative modification of proteins in the process of experimental periodontitis development
Authors: Demkovych Andrii , Bondarenko Yurii , Hasiuk Petro Anatoliyovych
Published: September 2017

The article reveals patterns of changes in the parameters of oxidative modification of proteins for different periods of the inflammatory process in periodontal tissues during periodontitis. Biochemical researches of phenylhydrazones, aldehyde-, and ketone derivatives of neutral and basic proteins were determined in the blood of white rats on the 7th, 14th, and 30th days of the experimental periodontitis development, as well as in intact animals. The method for determination of the oxidative modification of proteins was based on the interaction of oxidized amino acid residues with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to form 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones. At the early stage of experimental periodontitis development, i.e., on the 7th day, an increase in the products of oxidative modification of proteins of basic and neutral nature was observed in the blood serum, but later, on the 14th day, this index changed in opposite direction, i.e., it began to decrease; however, it was higher relative to the intact group of animals. The obtained factual data evidence that under the conditions of experimental periodontitis formation, there is an intensive increase in the level of oxidative modification of proteins especially in the early period of the inflammatory process development.
Pathomorphological peculiarities of tuberculous meningoencephalitis associated with HIV infection
Authors: Kozko Volodymyr M. , Bondarenko Andriy V. , Gavrylov Anatoliy V. , Shevchenko Olga S. , Gargin Vitalii V.
Published: September 2017

Background and aims

One of the most severe manifestation displays of tuberculosis (TB) generalization is meningitis/meningoencephalitis. The purpose of this work was to improve the diagnostic efficiency of TB central nervous system (CNS) affection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons.

Materials and methods

Meninges and cerebral tissues, taken from died patients, who were HIV-infected and dead from TB of CNS affection, were investigated histologically.

Results and discussion

Our examination showed that clinical course of the pathologic process loses the peculiarity of TB-undulating character, and changes in tissues have monomorphism that appears in the presence of the same type of granulomas with a few Pirogov–Langhans cells. Alterative reactions with formation of the large fields of caseous necrosis, necrotic focuses, areas of infiltration with polymorphic cellular elements went out on the first plan in the disorder of cerebrum in patients with the terminal stage of HIV infection. The tendency to decrease in inflammatory–proliferative processes was observed, which is confirmed by the presence of the poorly expressed cellular reaction on the peripheries of focuses of caseous necrosis.

Conclusion

Morphologic features of tuberculous meningoencephalitis in HIV-infected patients are the presence of edema, gliosis, trombovasculitis, small focal hemorrhage, tuberculous granuloma formation with a small number of Pirogov–Langhans cells, and the prevalence of alterative–exudative reactions.
‘That’s what I call a man’
Authors: Baker Paul , Levon Erez
Published: September 2017

According to Connell (1995), “being a man” involves actively positioning one’s self in relation to culturally dominant images of masculinity. Yet, crucially, these images change depending on the social and historical context. In this paper, we examine contemporary discourses of masculinity as they are represented in the British press. In particular, we focus on the ways in which masculine representations are both racialized and classed, and how they are positioned in relation to one another within a broader ideological field of gender and power. Analyses are based on a quantitative and qualitative analysis of a large corpus (35.5 million words) of newspaper articles on masculinity that appeared in the UK between 2003 and 2011. Our findings underscore the importance of adopting an intersectional approach to the study of language and masculinity, and provide support for recent critical re-evaluations of the foundational concept of hegemonic masculinity.
SOLAR POWER OPERATED TABLE FOR CHARGING ELECTRONIC GADGETS
Authors: Kaithari Dinesh Keloth , Al Ismaili Amira Khamis Salim , Achuthan M.
Published: September 2017

The objective of the work is to apply solar power for charging electronic appliances namely iPhones. The circuit is designed for low ampere and high ampere charging by using PROTEUSsoftware and fabricated and tested for its performance. The time required for full charging of iphone5 with 1A charging is 90 minutes whereas it is only 50 minutes with 2A charging port. Solar power operated table can be developed by the companies for charging electronic gadgets such as mobile phones that can be employed in public places such as parks, bus stations, and airports. Another feature of this product is that three consumers can charge at a time. Charging of electronic gadgets can be done by the common public by drawing power from the battery charged by solar power thereby reducing consumption of electricity from the main grid. The system with 1A and 2A charging of i-phones using solar power operated battery is unique and new to the locality of Caledonian college of engineering and the work can be extended to other parts of Sultanate of Oman.
Effect of Regulatory Compliance on the relationship between Public Procurement of Innovation and Supply Chain Performance
Authors: Ratemo Bonface Matayo , Karanja Dr. Ngugi
Published: September 2017

The Kenya government has n recent times aggressively advocated for the utilization of publicprocurement‘s buying power to stimulate and diffuse innovation, but the additional requirement placed onpublic procurement has made procurement practitioners cautious about the move given that publicprocurement is a regulated process whose ultimate agenda is to ensure value for money is achieved.Surprisingly, extant literature on Supply chain Performance in Kenya owned State Corporations has paidmuch attention to the direct relationship between functional aspects and supply chain performance, to theexclusion of the moderating effect of regulatory compliance on these relationships. This paper sought toexamine the effect of regulatory compliance on the relationship between public procurement of innovationand supply chain performance in Kenya owned State Corporations. The study employed a cross-sectionalcensus survey design targeting 187 Kenya owned State Corporations. Primary data was collected usingclose and open ended questionnaires while secondary data was retrieved from Public ProcurementRegulatory Authority website. The results revealed that regulatory compliance had a positive andstatistically significant effect on supply chain performance. The study recommends for regulatorycompliance as interventionist measure in the utilisation of public procurement of innovation to stimulatediffusion of innovation
Hybrid PSO-SQP for solving combined heat and power dynamic economic emission dispatch problem with non-smooth cost function
Authors: Shehata A. M.
Published: September 2017

In this paper we propose a hybrid particle swarm optimization (PSO) and sequential quadratic programming (SQP) for solving the combined heat and power dynamic economic emission dispatch (CHPDEED) problem. The primary objective of CHPDEED is to determine the optimal heat and power generation schedule of the online generating units over a fixed interval by simultaneously minimizing the generation cost and emission level and satisfying the dynamic constraints and other constraints. Taking into account the valve point effects, CHPDEED is considered as a multi-objective optimization problem with non-smooth characteristics. In the hybrid method, PSO is used as a global search to find near global optimal solution and this solution is used as initial for the SQP to find the global optimal solution at the end. The proposed method is verified using a test system consisting of eleven units and considering transmission line losses and valve point effects. The numerical results show the effectiveness and the superiority of the introduced method over other published methods.
Kemampuan Guru PAI dalam Merencanakan dan Melaksanakan Penilaian Autentik
Authors: Syaâ€™idah Ulpah , Amaliyah Amaliyah , Ismail Yusuf
Published: September 2017

In conducting the assessment in accordance with the 2013 curriculum, a teacher is required to apply an authentic assessment in accordance with the Standards of Assessment. Teachers are also required to have the ability to make conformity between assessment techniques and assessment instruments which are the requirements of instruments that have been set in Permendikbud No. 66 of 2013. However, in fact teachers are difficult to make assessment instruments tailored to the form of assessment. This study aims to understand more about the ability of PAI teachers in conducting learning evaluation through non-test assessment (authentic assessment). In this study, researchers used qualitative research with case study research. The data collection techniques through interviews and documentation. The result of this research shows that PAI teacher in SMA 53 Jakarta has understood in doing authentic assessment planning through learning implementation plan (RPP). As for carrying out authentic assessment actually PAI teacher in SMA 53 Jakarta has been able, just because of lack of self motivation or work ethic in teacher to do pedagogic competence, and also professional attitude especially in doing assessment or evaluation.

Keywords: Authentic Assessment, Master's Ability.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami lebih dalam tentang kemampuan guru PAI dalam melakukan evaluasi pembelajaran melalui penilaian non tes (penilaian autentik). Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan penelitian yang bersifat kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus.  Adapun teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa guru PAI di SMA Negeri 53 Jakarta sudah paham dalam melakukan perencanaan penilaian autentik melalui rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran (RPP). Adapun dalam melaksanakan penilaian autentik sebenarnya guru PAI di SMA Negeri 53 Jakarta telah mampu, hanya karena kurangnya motivasi diri atau etos kerja dalam diri guru untuk melakukan kompetensi pedagogik, serta sikap profesional khusunya dalam melakukan penilaian atau evaluasi.

Kata kunci : Penilaian Autentik, Kemampuan Guru.
Syiah: Dari Kemunculannya Hingga Perkembanganya di Indonesia
Authors: Dewi Oki Setiana
Published: September 2017

Shia is a sect in Islamic theology whose existence is undeniable throughout the discourse of Islamic studies. But this existence is not infrequently a polemic that never ends even a debate that led to the devouring. This is based on differences relating to the concept of relativism in understanding the verses of the Qur'an and Hadith. As well as the principles of Islamic teachings to the concept of Imamat. This research uses library research method by analyzing various expositions of experts related to discourse about Shia. The purpose of this study is to study and analyze the Shiite theology from its emergence, its sects, the subject of its teachings to its development in Indonesia.The results of this study conclude that the Shia are those who love the Prophet and the ahl al-bayt on the historical development of the terms of the Shia experiencing post-abritase expansion. One of the most fundamental Shiite ideologies has been the problem of Imamat. This concept of Imamat which then led to various sects in the Shia. the later sects influenced the subject of the Shia itself. In its development Shia in Indonesia through its various stages make a very significant contribution in religious life in Indonesia.

Keywords: History, Principal Teachings, Sects, Shia in Indonesia

Abstrak

Syiah merupakan sekte dalam teologi Islam yang keberadaannya tidak terbantahkan sepanjang diskursus studi keislaman. Namun keberadaan ini tak jarang menjadi polemik yang tak kunjung usai bahkan menjadi perbebatan yang berujung kepada penyesaatan. Hal ini bertolak dari perbedaan terkait konsep relativisme dalam memahami ayat-ayat al Quran dan Hadits. Serta pokok-pokok ajaran Islam hingga konsep imamah. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode library research dengan menganlisis berbagai pemaparan para ahli terkait diskursus tentang syiah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis teologi syiah mulai dari kemunculannya, sekte-sektenya, pokok ajarannya hingg perkembangannya di Indonesia. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa syiah adalah orang-orang yang mencintai Rasulullah Saw dan ahlulbait pada perkembangan sejarah terms tentang syiah mengalami perluasan pasca abritase. Salah satu ideologi syiah yang paling fundamental terkiat persoalan imamah. Konsep imamah ini yang kemudian memunculkan berbagai sekte dalam syiah. sekte-sekte yang ada kemudian berpengaruh kepada pokok ajara dalam syiah itu sendiri. Dalam perkembangannya syiah di Indonesia melalui berbagai tahapannya memberikan kontribusi yang sangat signifikan dalam kehidupan keberagamaan di Indonesia.

 Kata kunci : Sejarah, Pokok Ajaran, Sekte-Sekte, Syiah di Indonesia
The Influence of Financial Resources on the Success of Start-up Business in Kenya
Authors: Ronald Martin Onsiro
Published: September 2017

It is true that no new business succeeds without a detailed and thorough business plan. A complete plan identifies and quantifies the capital that is likely to be required to reach break-even and beyond. Accounting as a business function and innovative activity has to be understood by entrepreneurs as it provides clear picture of the business success. The purpose of this study is therefore to examine the relationship that exists between availability of financial resources and success of new startup business. The objectives were to examine financial sources influencing success of startup business. Government programmes in place, motivating factors as well as obstacles to success of startup business. The study adopted quantitative and qualitative approaches where descriptive design was used to achieve the study objectives. A sample of 25 was taken from the study area. A questionnaire was used as a research instrument for this study. The study found out that majority of new business use family and friends loan to finance their business. Majority disagreed that there are government programmes that support startup business. Access to finance and legal regulations posted as the most obstacles business is facing. Majority of respondents also reported that opportunity of having job and earning money as the main motivating factor to start new business. The study recommends the government should come up with new innovative programmes that will support startup business.  The study concludes that for any business to succeed, regardless of industry or size, has to identify proper sources of finance with government support and proper accounting tools needs to be adopted.  
Customer Loyalty of the Cement Products: The Role of Marketing, Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction
Authors: Taha Dachlan , Modding Basri , Hasan Sabri , Ella Hamza
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze marketing, service quality and its impact on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty, and analyze the influence marketing and service quality on customer loyalty as a mediator customer satisfaction. Research conducted in South Sulawesi province with a sample of 215 local and national developers who use Tonasa cement products. Data from the questionnaires were analyzed using Structural Equation Model using AMOS 18 and Sobel test for mediator effect. The study found that marketing has a negative and no significant effect on customer satisfaction. In general the users complained marketing Tonasa cement applied by the cement Tonasa Company and this is the cause of marketing judged negatively, thus providing insignificant effect on customer satisfaction. Services quality has a positive and insignificant effect on customer loyalty. Service quality has done well, but the demand for service quality shown Tonasa Cement Company contributes insignificant effect on customer loyalty. Marketing has a negative and insignificant effect on customer loyalty as a mediator customer satisfaction. It shows that all the indicator do not provide reinforcement to the marketing variables that cause a negative impact and customer satisfaction is not able to mediate to have a significant effect on customer loyalty.
Dampak Kebijakan Input, Output, dan Perdagangan Beras terhadap Diversifikasi Pangan Pokok
Authors: Setiawan Edi , Hartoyo Sri , Sinaga Bonar M. , Hutagaol M. Parulian
Published: September 2017

English
As one of the five most populous countries in the world, Indonesia has a big challenge to meet the food needs of its people. Food diversification has long been an important agenda of the national agricultural development planning program, but the achievement, however, remains disappointing. This paper aims to analyze the impacts of rice input, output and trade policy on diversification of major staple food consumption and production. This study analyzes four main staple foods, i.e. rice, maize, cassava, and wheat using national series data for the period of 1981-2013. The System of Simultaneous Equations Model consisting of 22 structural equations and 31 identity equations were estimated using a Two-Stage Least Square method. The results show that single policy instrument of reducing fertilizer and seed subsidies and increasing the government purchasing price policy increase diversification of food consumption and production. Increasing rice import tariff is not effective to improve either consumption nor production diversification, but rice import ban could improve consumption diversification. Increasing the government purchasing price is not quite effective as the compensation for the fertilizer subsidy reduction. The fertilizer subsidy reduction policy should be conducted gradually. Seed subsidy reduction combined with rice import ban is considered as an alternative to the existing policy.

Indonesian
Sebagai salah satu dari lima negara dengan penduduk terbesar di dunia, Indonesia mempunyai tantangan cukup besar dalam pemenuhan konsumsi pangan penduduknya. Diversifikasi pangan sudah lama menjadi salah satu agenda penting dalam program nasional pembangunan pertaniani namun pencapaiannya masih jauh dari yang diharapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak kebijakan input, output, dan perdagangan beras terhadap diversifikasi produksi dan konsumsi pangan pokok yaitu, beras, jagung, ubi kayu, dan terigu, untuk data tingkat nasional tahun 1981–2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan model persamaan simultan, terdiri atas 22 persamaan struktural dan 31 persamaan identitas yang diestimasi dengan metode Two Stage Least Square (2SLS). Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan tunggal baik pengurangan subsidi pupuk dan benih, maupun kebijakan menaikkan Harga Pembelian Pemerintah mampu meningkatkan diversifikasi produksi dan konsumsi pangan pokok. Kebijakan tarif impor beras tidak efektif untuk meningkatkan diversifikasi konsumsi dan produksi pangan pokok, tetapi kebijakan pelarangan impor dapat meningkatkan diversifikasi konsumsi pangan. Kebijakan peningkatan harga pembelian pemerintah terbukti kurang efektif sebagai kompensasi pengurangan subsidi pupuk. Kebijakan pengurangan subsidi pupuk harus diterapkan secara bertahap. Pengurangan subsidi benih yang disertai dengan pelarangan impor dapat menjadi kebijakan alternatif saat ini.
Clinical Study of Shirishadi tablet in the management of Tamaka Shvasa w.s.r. to Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Chhayani Pankaj , Raghavani Hemang , Patel Dhananjay
Published: September 2017

Tamaka Shvasa is described as a most difficult to cure (Yapya) among all diseases in Ayurveda. In present study Tamaka Shvasa is correlated with Bronchial Asthma because of its symptomatology is much similar with Tamaka Shvasa. In modern medical science, steroids and bronchodilators are mainly used for its management, but they cause certain side effects. Present study was undertaken to provide safe and effective remedy for Tamaka Shvasa through Ayurvedic medicaments. Shirishadi tablet was given as internal medicine for 30 days. Upto 60% relief was found in signs and symptoms of Tamaka Shvasa.
Comparative Pharmaceutico - Analytical Study of Kushthaghna Mahakashaya and its Ghanavati w.s.r. to evaluate its shelf life
Authors: Patil Apeksha D. , Patil Dhiraj B. , Ital Sagar V.
Published: September 2017

In this present era of utilization of active principles as a medicine the basic formulations of Bhaishajya Kalpana remain a main source for modern research. The basic formulations are described as Panchavidha Kashaya Kalpanas. Out of these Kashaya Kalpanas, Kwatha Kalpana is an important formulation which is having more potency after Swarasa and Kalka Kalpana. Kashaya has very short shelf life (Saveeryatavadhi). These Kashayas cannot be preserved for longer period. These have to be prepared fresh every day and also the method of preparation is time consuming. Rasakriya (Ghana) is a type of formulation where in the active components can be stored for more days i.e. 3 years (DandC act 161B, w.e.f. 1st April 10). Converting this Kashaya in to Ghana form and then into Ghanavati form may increase the shelf life of the formulation. Along with this it will give a proper shape and dose for the easy administration of medicament. Hence the present research was planned to convert Kushthaghna Mahakashaya Kwatha into Kushthaghna Mahakashaya Ghanavati using standard operating procedure to potentiate active principle in it, and to evaluate shelf life of Kushthaghna Mahakashaya Ghanavati.
A Review Article on Yavagu (Semi Solid Soup) - A Pathya Kalpana in Ayurveda
Authors: Mishra Brijesh R. , Kursange Nikita P. , Mishra Abhishek B.
Published: September 2017

Now days people like the food which is easy to prepare and also good for health. In Ayurveda ‘Yavagu’ is one of Pathya Kalpana explained in Samhitas which is made up of basic ingredients like rise and water with different drugs (Aushadhi Dravyas) are added to increase its nutritional and medicinal value, which we can use in different diseased conditions to treat the diseases or to prevent the individuals from the diseases. Yavagu is the semisolid food which is easy to prepare and easy for digestion. We can also use Yavagu to treat the patient with Agnimandya.
A Review on Pushkara Moola (Inula racemosa) - Its medicinal value in diseases of Pranavaha Srotas w.s.r. to Brihattrayi
Authors: Bharati Sarvesh Kumar , Vashisht Kiran , Ram Bhuwal , Singh Anil Kumar
Published: September 2017

Ayurveda is the oldest system among all life sciences, originated in India thousands of years ago. It is an ancient Indian practice of holistic medical care that centers on the equilibrium of body, mind and soul. Dosha (vitiating factors), Dhatu (tissue elements) and Mala (waste products) are the basic building elements of the body. Their continuous and proper flow in the body requires hollow spaces or channels. These channels are called as ‘Srotas’ in Ayurvedic classics. Thirteen types of Srotas are described in Charaka Samhita; Pranavaha Srotas is one of them. Pushkara Moola (Inula racemosa Hook.f.) is herb used in traditional medicine in India for a long time to cure the ailments of Pranavaha Srotas Vikara. According to Bhava Prakash, it has the properties of Katu, Tikta in Rasa, Ushna in Virya and pacifies the Vata-Kapha Dosha. Acharya Charaka described it in Shwasahara and Hikkanigrahana Mahakashaya; Acharya Sushruta in Phala Vagra and Acharya Vagbhatta in Hidhma Nigrahana. According to Charaka Samhita it is the best Dravya of Hikka, Shwasa, Kasa and Parshvashula. By these properties, it seems to quite naturally antagonize the Shwasa Roga, which is Kapha-Vata predominant disease. Hence it is needed to evaluate the efficacy of Pushkara Moola in Pranavaha Srotas Vikara.
Management of PCOD - A Case Report
Authors: S. Vikram , H.N. Saraswathi Devi
Published: September 2017

Woman being the root cause of progeny, utmost care should be given to protect her from any ailments that affect her motherhood. PCOD is one of the conditions affecting this unique capacity of woman. The disorder is probably the most common hormonal abnormality in women of reproductive age and certainly a leading cause of infertility. In Ayurvedic classics there is no direct mentioning of this disease rather, symptoms are found under various diseased conditions at various references i.e. menstrual irregularities are described under the broad heading of Ashtoartavadushti, while the description of infertility due to Anovulation is scattered. Pushpaghni, Jataharini mentioned in Kashyapa Samhita, Revati Kalpadhyaya bears similitude to the symptom of hyperandrogenism. But features of metabolic dysfunction and polycystic ovarian morphology are not evident from any description.
Multi-Disciplinary Vascular Access Care and Access Outcomes in People Starting Hemodialysis Therapy
Authors: Gill Simardeep , Quinn Robert , Oliver Matthew , Kamar Fareed , Kabani Rameez , Devoe Daniel , Mysore Priyanka , Pannu Neesh , MacRae Jennifer , Manns Braden , Hemmelgarn Brenda , James Matthew , Tonelli Marcello , Lewin Adriane , Liu Ping , Ravani Pietro
Published: September 2017

Background and objectives

Fistulas, the preferred form of hemodialysis access, are difficult to establish and maintain. We examined the effect of a multidisciplinary vascular access team, including nurses, surgeons, and radiologists, on the probability of using a fistula catheter-free, and rates of access-related procedures in incident patients receiving hemodialysis.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We examined vascular access outcomes in the first year of hemodialysis treatment before (2004–2005, preteam period) and after the implementation of an access team (2006–2008, early-team period; 2009–2011, late-team period) in the Calgary Health Region, Canada. We used logistic regression to study the probability of fistula creation and the probability of catheter-free fistula use, and negative binomial regression to study access-related procedure rates.

Results

We included 609 adults (mean age, 65 [±15] years; 61% men; 54% with diabetes). By the end of the first year of hemodialysis, 102 participants received a fistula in the preteam period (70%), 196 (78%) in the early-team period (odds ratios versus preteam, 1.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.92 to 2.35), and 139 (66%) in the late-team period (0.85; 0.54 to 1.35). Access team implementation did not affect the probability of catheter-free use of the fistula (odds ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.52 to 1.43, for the early; and 0.89; 0.52 to 1.53, for the late team versus preteam period). Participants underwent an average of 4–5 total access-related procedures during the first year of hemodialysis, with higher rates in women and in people with comorbidities. Catheter-related procedure rates were similar before and after team implementation; relative to the preteam period, fistula-related procedure rates were 40% (20%–60%) and 30% (10%–50%) higher in the early-team and late-team periods, respectively.

Conclusion

Introduction of a multidisciplinary access team did not increase the probability of catheter-free fistula use, but resulted in higher rates of fistula-related procedures.
HIPERTENSÃO MATERNA E BAIXO PESO AO NASCER: ESTUDO CASO-CONTROLE EM DOIS MUNICÍPIOS DO SEMIÁRIDO NORDESTINO
Authors: Nascimento Ananda Ariane Januário do , Davoglio Rosane Silvia , Souza Luise Maria , Figueiredo Ana Cláudia Morais Godoy , Cruz Simone Seixas da , Gomes Filho Isaac Suzart
Published: September 2017

A hipertensão arterial materna pode ocasionar insuficiência placentária, interferir na nutrição fetal e, ainda, resultar no nascimento de um bebê com baixo peso. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a relação entre hipertensão materna e baixo peso ao nascer em puérperas usuárias do Sistema Único de Saúde, em dois municípios da região semiárida do Nordeste brasileiro. Trata-se de estudo do tipo caso-controle. Foram investigadas 1.567 puérperas, sendo 388 casos e 1.179 controles, utilizando--se um questionário estruturado e o exame clínico para coleta de dados de saúde bucal. A análise de associação foi realizada pela estimativa da medida de associação Odds Ratio, considerando-se um intervalo de confiança de 95%. O efeito da associação principal foi estimado adotando-se um modelo de regressão logística não condicional. Os resultados mostraram associação entre hipertensão materna e baixo peso ao nascer, após ajuste para índice de massa corporal pré-gestacional, escolaridade materna, idade materna e número de consultas pré-natal (OR 2,51; IC 1,61-3,91; p 0,000). Concluiu-se que há relação entre hipertensão materna e baixo peso ao nascer em gestantes da região semiárida, o que reforça a necessidade de ações de prevenção e controle, visando a melhora dos indicadores de saúde materno-infantil.

Palavras-chave: Recém-nascido de baixo peso. Hipertensão. Cuidado pré-natal.