bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Streamlining bortezomib regimen: A quality improvement project for cost-effective and patient-friendly protocol.
Authors: Guntupalli Srinandan , Kallam Deepti Bala , Master Samip R. , Mansour Richard P.
Published: October 2019

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Background: Bortezomib is a novel first-in-class proteasome inhibitor and received it’s FDA approval with twice weekly dosing on day 1, 4, 8 and 11 of a 21-day cycle with weekly complete blood count (CBC). However, subsequent studies have shown that weekly dosing has equal drug efficacy. Our clinical practice at Feist-Weiller cancer center is to administer weekly subcutaneous bortezomib injection after reviewing the CBC. Objective: To analyze hematological toxicities with weekly bortezomib and assess the need for CBC prior to administration of bortezomib. Methods: A retrospective analysis of CBC results was done for every patient receiving bortezomib as part of bortezomib and dexamethasone +/- lenalidomide regimens in a 2-year period (2017-2018). The data extraction was done using Epic Clarity database using an SQL script which identified each treatment duration in minutes between check in and check out, Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and platelet count on each treatment day. Results: A total of 38 patients received 626 treatment doses of bortezomib. The average patient stay between check-in and check-out was 227 mins. There was very low incidence of grade 3 thrombocytopenia (0.64%) and grade 3 neutropenia (0.32%). There is no evidence of grade 4 cytopenia’s or any dose changes from cytopenia’s. This data suggests that weekly lab monitoring may not be necessary prior to drug administration. Conclusions: Using this data, we have streamlined our approach for monitoring patients receiving weekly bortezomib. During weekly bortezomib administration, we propose to obtain a CBC on day 1 of every 4 weeks. If either platelet count is less than 75,000 /μl and ANC is less than 1000/μl on day 1, we will monitor labs weekly until count recovery. We believe that this new protocol may result in 75% reduction in the average patient stay for the treatment. It will reduce the need for phlebotomy and lab services. We believe that this change will improve patient satisfaction and an another step forward to efficient and safe patient care at our institute.
Suicidal Tendencies
Authors: Seitler Dana
Published: October 2019

This essay concentrates on a series of suicide plots in which the risk of one’s undoing does not indicate a refusal of one’s existing life as much as it performs a fantastic desire to live a different one. Willa Cather’s short story “Paul’s Case” (1905), Ridley Scott’s Thelma and Louise (1991), and Alejandro G. Iñárritu’s Birdman (2014) help us think about how suicide functions as a sustaining fantasy and a queer narrative strategy. In each, the main character’s retreat into suicidal fantasy is not limiting but productive: it creates a space of protection for otherwise damaged individuals, allowing them to imagine an alternative configuration as/at the end of their world. This essay thus makes the counterintuitive claim that the suicide plot should be read non-tragically. It considers how acts of self-annihilation force us to think about the binding narratives of gendered and sexualized person-hood. If these narratives most readily seem to forward a critique of the hetero and sexist norms for life, they also offer a compelling argument about how the use of death works to imagine new forms, narratives, and possibilities of living.
Standardized acquisition and post-processing of dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion in patients with brain tumors, cerebrovascular disease and dementia: comparability of post-processing software
Authors: Schmidt Manuel Alexander , Knott Michael , Hoelter Philip , Engelhorn Tobias , Larsson Elna Marie , Nguyen Than , Essig Marco , Doerfler Arnd
Published: October 2019

Objective:

MR-perfusion post-processing still lacks standardization. This study evaluates the results of perfusion analysis with two established software solutions in a large series of patients with different diseases when a highly standardized processing workflow is ensured.

Methods:

Multicenter data of 260 patients (80 with brain tumors, 124 with cerebrovascular disease and 56 with dementia examined with the same MR protocol) were analyzed. Raw data sets were processed with two software suites: Olea sphere and NordicICE. Group differences were analyzed with paired t-tests and one-way ANOVA.

Results:

Perfusion metrics were significantly different for all examined diseases in the unaffected brain for both software suites [ratio cortex/white matter left hemisphere: mean transit time (MTT) 0.991 vs 0.847, p < 0.05; relative cerebral bloodflow (rBF) 3.23 vs 4.418, p < 0.001; relative cerebral bloodvolume (rBVc) 2.813 vs 3.884, p < 0.001; right hemisphere: MTT 1.079 vs 0.854, p < 0.05; rBF 3.262 vs 4.378, p < 0.001; rBVc 2.762 vs 3.935, p < 0.001)]. Perfusion results were also significantly different in patients with stroke (ratio cortex/white matter affected hemisphere: MTT 1.058 vs 0.784; p < 0.001), dementia (ratio cortex/white matter left hemisphere: rBVc 1.152 vs 1.795, p < 0.001; right hemisphere: rBVc 1.396 vs 1.662, p < 0.05) and brain tumors (ratio cortex/whole tumor rBVc: 0.778 vs 0.919, p < 0.001 and ratio cortex/tumor hotspot rBVc: 0.529 vs 0.512, p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Despite a highly standardized workflow, parametric perfusion maps are depended on the chosen software. Radiologists should consider software related variances when using dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion for clinical imaging and research.

Advances in knowledge:

This multicenter study compared perfusion parameters calculated by two commercial dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion post-processing software solutions in different central nervous system disorders with a large sample size and a highly standardized processing workflow. Despite, parametric perfusion maps are depended on the chosen software which impacts clinical imaging and research.
Evaluation of treatment response in oral chronic graft-versus-host patients by power doppler ultrasound: a prospective study
Authors: Liu Yiqun , Zhu Jiaan , Guo Huijie , Li Wenxue , Wang Xiuming , Chen Zheng , Liu Fang , Bilig Ariun
Published: October 2019

Objective:

To date, imaging and non-invasive examination methods for evaluating the oral tissue of patients who with oral chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) are still lacking. Herein, we assessed the ultrasonography imaging characteristics of chronic GVHD patients’ buccal soft tissue and evaluated the response to treatment using gray-scale and power Doppler (PD) ultrasound. The overall objective of the study was to determine the potential of ultrasonography to provide an early and objective indication of a therapeutic response to treatment intervention in oral chronic GVHD.

Methods:

Buccal mucosa in 21 patients with clinically diagnosis of oral chronic GVHD were assessed before and after 14 day treatment between 2016 and 2018. Ultrasonography assessment included thickness and echogenicity evaluation, and PD. Echogenicity and PD were measured and scored according to a semi-quantitative method. Ultrasonography parameters were compared with clinical activity assessments of disease activity and patient-reported measures.

Results:

Following 14 day therapy, a significant decrease in PD scores and patient-reported measures was observed (p < 0.01), and clinical assessment scores also decreased (p < 0.05). Changes from baseline PD scores correlated significantly with patient-reported measures (r = 0.85, p < 0.01). Changes in PD scores correlated moderately with the changes in the clinical assessments from baseline (r = 0.46, p < 0.05). A significant decrease in PD scores was observed in the buccal soft tissue of patients that responded clinically to the treatment. A significant decrease in PD scores was also observed in patients that were failed to show clinical improvement (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Ultrasonography is a novel and feasible imaging technique for measurement of the response of oral chronic GVHD to therapy. Ultrasonography yields additional information about buccal mucosa and is a complementaty to clinical examination.
Case Report: Importance of dietary modification in successful management of eosinophilic gastroenteritis
Authors: Kudaravalli Pujitha , Saleem Sheikh A. , Riaz Sana , Sapkota Bishnu
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is an extremely rare inflammatory disorder with an estimated prevalence of 22-28/100 000. We herein, present a case of EGE in an elderly patient which was successfully managed with dietary restriction.

Case report: A 70-year-old male with a history of gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD), atopic dermatitis and asthma presented with 2 weeks history of foul-smelling non-bloody diarrhea associated with nausea, vomiting and weight loss. Physical examination was significant for dry oral mucosa and loss of skin turgor.

Lab findings were significant for a hemoglobin of 13.2 g/dl, hematocrit of 38.5%, mean corpuscular volume of 86.3%, white blood cell count of 24,200/mm3, albumin of 2.2 g/L, stool fat of 70g, stool osmolar gap of 115, C-reactive protein 1.47. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, HIV test were unremarkable. Infectious stool work-up was negative. Computed tomography of the abdomen was unremarkable. The mucosa appeared mildly inflamed on upper endoscopy and colonoscopy, and biopsies showed eosinophilic infiltration of the mucosal and muscular layers. A diagnosis of eosinophilic gastroenteritis was made after other causes such as parasitic infection, drug use and malignancy were ruled out. The patient was counseled on a six-food elimination diet which successfully resolved his diarrhea. The patient did not have any relapses with dietary modification on follow-up.

Discussion: The recurrence rate of EGE is 50%. Steroids improve symptoms in 90% of cases but the recurrence rates are high. The type, dose and duration of steroid therapy is unclear. Sodium cromoglicate, ketotifen, and Montelukast are other proposed treatments, the results being inconclusive. Bowel resection is performed in intestinal obstruction, but medical therapy is needed as recurrence in other segments in common. Dietary modification, a therapy with no side-effects should be the first line of treatment as it can result in resolution sparing the patient of steroid induced side effects.
Investigation of Risk Of Bias due to Unreported and SelecTively included results in meta-analyses of nutrition research: the ROBUST study protocol
Authors: Page Matthew J. , Bero Lisa , Kroeger Cynthia M. , Dai Zhaoli , McDonald Sally , Forbes Andrew , McKenzie Joanne E.
Published: October 2019

Background: Dietary guidelines should be informed by systematic reviews (SRs) of the available scientific evidence. However, if the SRs that underpin dietary guidelines are flawed in their design, conduct or reporting, the recommendations contained therein may be misleading or harmful. To date there has been little empirical investigation of bias due to selective inclusion of results, and bias due to missing results, in SRs of food/diet-outcome relationships.

Objectives: To explore in SRs with meta-analyses of the association between food/diet and health-related outcomes: (i) whether systematic reviewers selectively included study effect estimates in meta-analyses when multiple effect estimates were available; (ii) what impact selective inclusion of study effect estimates may have on meta-analytic effects, and; (iii) the risk of bias due to missing results (publication bias and selective non-reporting bias) in meta-analyses.

Methods: We will systematically search for SRs with meta-analysis of the association between food/diet and health-related outcomes in a generally healthy population, published between January 2018 and June 2019. We will randomly sort titles and abstracts and screen them until we identify 50 eligible SRs. The first reported meta-analysis of a binary or continuous outcome in each SR (the ‘index meta-analysis’) will be evaluated. We will extract from study reports all study effect estimates that were eligible for inclusion in the index meta-analyses (e.g. from multiple instruments and time points) and will quantify and test for evidence of selective inclusion of results. We will also assess the risk of bias due to missing results in the index meta-analyses using a new tool (ROB-ME).

Ethics and dissemination: Ethics approval is not required because information will only be extracted from published studies. Dissemination of the results will be through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at conferences. We will make all data collected from this study publicly available via the Open Science Framework.
Insights from quantitative and mathematical modelling on the proposed 2030 goals for Yaws
Authors: Dyson Louise , Mooring Eric Q. , Holmes Alex , Tildesley Michael J. , Marks Michael
Published: October 2019

The World Health Organization is currently developing 2030 goals for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). In these, yaws has been targeted for eradication by 2030, with 50% of member states certified free of yaws transmission by 2023. Here we summarise the yaws modelling literature and discuss the proposed goal and strategy. The current Morges strategy involves rounds of Total Community Treatment (TCT), in which all members of the community are treated, and Total Targeted Treatment (TTT), treating active cases and their contacts. However, modelling and empirical work suggest that latent infections are often not found in the same household as active cases, reducing the utility of household-based contact tracing for a TTT strategy. Economic modelling has also discovered uncertainty in the cost of eradication, requiring further data to give greater information. We also note the need for improved active surveillance in previously endemic countries, in order to plan future intervention efforts and ensure global eradication.
RESULTS OF THE TRAINING IN SPORTS ANIMATION IN EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF STUDENTS OF PEDAGOGICAL SPECIALTIES
Authors: Zheleva-Terzieva Donka
Published: October 2019

FILE TO BE UPDATED BY OCT 6.2019 OR WILL BE DEPUBLIHED
TRAUMATIC HEALTH EFFECTS DUE TO A STORM: AN OBSERVATIONAL CASE-STUDY ON PATIENTS RECEIVED AT THE COUNTY EMERGENCY CLINICAL HOSPITAL FROM TIMISOARA
Authors: Petrescu Cristina , Grecu Mihai , Barbu Silvia , Craina Marius
Published: October 2019

Objective: The aim of the performed study was to investigate the traumatic health effects in patients received at the emergency service due to a storm event that happened on the 17th of September 2017 in Timisoara.

Material of study consisted of a sample of 75 patients (62.67% males, 37.33% females) who came to the emergency service of the County Hospital with traumatic health effects.

The method was an observational case-study with an investigation of traumatic health effects.

Results: Traumatic health effects due to the storm were caused by patients falling (51.78% of diagnostics: fractures, contusions, sprains) and by being hit by flying objects (42.85% of diagnostics: craniocerebral traumatisms and contusive wounds). The patients were either sent home (54.66%), admitted (25.34%) and hospitalized (13.33% more than 10 days) or transferred (12%). 

Conclusion: Traumatic health effects due to the storm were severe and involved substantial recovery time and considerable expense of resources.
RESISTANCE TO ANTIPLATELET DRUGS IN PATIENTS WITH CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE
Authors: Pucite Elina , Novasa Arina , Ievina Renija , Muravska Tatjana , Miglane Evija , Millers Andrejs
Published: October 2019

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases and stroke are steadily the leading causes of death in Latvia. Therefore, the greatest efforts should be given to recognize associative factors which may be modifiable to decrease the burden of ischemic events.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of aspirin and clopidogrel resistance and its associated risk factors in patients with acute cerebrovascular events.

METHODS: The prospective, descriptive study included 204 patients. Patients were considered biochemical resistant to aspirin if platelet aggregation was ≥550 ARU, whereas biochemical clopidogrel resistance was defined when platelet inhibition was >230 PRU.

RESULTS: Biochemical aspirin resistance was found in 27 (13%) patients, whereas clopidogrel resistance - in 44 (22%) patients. Five patients (2%) had resistance to both antiplatelet drugs. In the analysis of blood parameters, none were associated with aspirin resistance, except the level of triglycerides which were lower in the aspirin resistance group (p=0.001; r=0.26).  In the analysis of clopidogrel sensitivity there was a difference in diabetes prevalence where it was more frequent in the clopidogrel resistance group (15.6% vs. 40.9%; p=0.001; r=0.255). Patients with clopidogrel resistance had higher levels of triglycerides 1.7 (1.3-2.6) than patients grouped as sensitive 1.4 ((1.1-2.0), p=0.033; r=0.16).

CONCLUSION:  Biochemical aspirin and clopidogrel resistance are quite common in patients with cerebrovascular diseases in Latvia.  Our study found that patients with diabetes and elevated glycosylated hemoglobin level were more prone to clopidogrel biochemical resistance. However, the association between aspirin resistance and clinical, laboratory data remains inconclusive.
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF GONADOTROPINS USED IN INFERTILITY TREATMENT
Authors: Vintilă Bogdan Ioan , Butucă Anca , Morgovan Claudiu , Vonica Andreea Loredana , Liviu Rus Luca , Muntean Andrei Cătălin , Juncan Anca Maria , Gligor Felicia Gabriela
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Infertility represents a problem for more and more couples all over the world, including in Romania. Thus, more and more women need to resort to drugs to treat infertility, treatments which are not without adverse reactions (Boivin et al., 2007). Modern therapy brings significant benefits in the treatment of infertility. Despite all the benefits, the controlled ovarian stimulation treatment does not lack the possibility of adverse reactions to the administered drugs.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the potential adverse reactions experienced by patients during the treatment with gonadotropins followed by assisted conception

Methods: A study was done based on a questionnaire which included the adverse reactions comprised in the SmPCs (Summaries of Product Characteristics) of the original drugs, and also based on the adverse reactions frequently reported in clinical studies. The questionnaire was distributed in the online environment, from May 2018 to July 2018, in Romania, to patients to whom at least one of the analysed gonadotropins (corifollitropin alpha, follitropin alpha, follitropin beta, follitropin alpha/follitropin beta, menotropin, urofollitropin) was administered during the controlled ovarian stimulation treatment, in the routine practice of assisted human reproduction technology.

Results: The results show that a total number of 319 events suspected of being adverse reactions was reported, grouped on the highest MedDRA level, SOC (system – organ- class), with an average of 8.18 adverse reactions (AR)/patient.

Conclusions: The results of the study demonstrate the fact the disorders appeared after drug administration in the controlled ovarian stimulation treatment in the context of the routine practice of assisted human reproduction technology, were considered adverse reactions by the patients.
THE USE OF SIMULATION IN THE MODEL OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT
Authors: Jánošíková Michaela , Lacinák Maroš
Published: October 2019

Safety as essential quality, needed in the development strategy of every city should be constantly improved by newest technologies. As currently used software and practices were studied, it can be seen that in Smart City concepts, technologies help with governing the city mainly in the field of obtaining, processing and providing information. Interconnection of many various information sources brings the possibility of storing all the information in one central data storage, instead of separated storages for every individual informational source. Taking the information from a central informational centre and their automatic, real-time visualization by simulation technologies can improve safety in the below described ways. By combining advantages of interconnectivity and simulation technologies, we aim to take advantage of their identified possibilities in order to enhance crisis management in all phases of its model. The period before crisis event occurrence consists of the phaseof prevention and the phase of crisis planning. Within the period after crisis event occurrence, there are phases of response and recovery. In this paper, we also present The Laboratory of Modelling and Simulation of Crisis Phenomena in Traffic, which is a part of the University Science Park of the University of Žilina. This laboratory disposes of program VR Forces®, that is used in our research.
SMART CLASSROOM, INTERNET OF THINGS AND PERSONALIZED TEACHING
Authors: Savov Teodor , Terzieva Valentina , Todorova Katia , Kademova-Katzarova Petia
Published: October 2019

Nowadays, information and communication technologies (ICT) and the Internet of Things (IoT) are already ubiquitous in the field of education. They began significantly to change the way of teaching and learning. A large-scale online survey in Bulgarian schools shows that in most classrooms different innovative tools are available which allow technology-enhanced teaching. The next step is to integrate these resources and tools into a smart environment and to manage them through a control system. The authors provide a conceptual framework for the development of an integrated technology-rich learning environment that is supervised by a control module within a contemporary smart classroom. In particular, the paper presents in detail a technical solution for ensuring the communication process between students and the teacher as well as allowing the involvement of parents in the educational process. Additionally, some use cases of the smart classroom are outlined, along with discussions on the potential benefits for teachers, learners and parents.
SOIL DEVELOPMENT AND PROPERTIES OF MICROBIAL BIOMASS SUCCESSION IN RECLAIMED SITES IN BULGARIA
Authors: Stefanova Veneta V. , Petrov Petar G.
Published: October 2019

One of the most important preconditions of ecosystem rehabilitation in post mining landscapes is the process of soil development. In this context, the microbial activity in soil plays an important role.

Microbial activity was studied in several reclaimed post mining sites resulted from the mining activity in Bulgaria. The studied soils are characterized by different biogenicity. The development of the total microflora in soils is higher in the surface layers but in depth, their number decreases due to the inhibiting effect of pollutants (heavy metals) and a change in the physico-chemical conditions. The dominant microorganisms are non-spore bacteria and all studied soils showed the development of pigment types of bacteria resulting from the high content of heavy metals. The composition of the microorganisms is poor, which can be taken as an indicator that the microbicenosis is still in the process of formation. In depth, their number is reduced by applying the effect of contamination.

The mineralization coefficient values are the highest in the field with the greatest age of re-cultivation, where humidification is the most advanced.

The study shows that vegetation type and litter quality seem to be more important for soil microbial activity than the substrate quality on the reclaimed sites.
MICROCLONAL PROPAGATION OF CRATAEGUS MONOGYNA JACQ. IN VITRO
Authors: Zarnadze Nana , Dolidze Ketevan , Manjgaladze Sophiko , Turmanidze Nazi , Chitanava Jana , Bolkvadze Gia , Jakeli Eteri
Published: October 2019

We have researched Crataegus Monogina Jacq. microclonal propagation and in vitro mass regeneration processes. For this experiment we used the asleep buds isolated from maternal plants and in vitro cultivated apical and axillary buds as the effective explants.

The high coefficient of micropropagation was provided with Gamborg Medium (B5) nutrient medium added alongside the hormones of cytokinin nature. The best result was achieved in the case of introduction of 2-Isopentenyladenine (2-iP) at concentration of 5-10 mcm and Benzilaminopurine (BAP) at concentration of 10-15 mcm. For stimulation of the mictropropagation process it is reasonable to add a small dose of the auxin hormone 1-Naphtylacetic acid (NAA) together with the cytokinins to the nutritive medium. It has been shown that the growth of micropropagation coefficient in pro rata the kinds and concentration of phytohormones. Regenerated microshoots had a good capacity of rooting. The most effective method for rooting purpose was the introduction of Indole- 3 –butyric acid (IBA) at concentration of 5mcm into 1 /2 B5 nutrient medium. The rooted regenerant plants successfully adopted in vivo.
Managing acute pain after abdominal surgery: examples from practice
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati , Madsiri Mayoora
Published: October 2019

Background:

Following abdominal surgery, ischaemia and neuropeptide release cause pain at the trauma site, and there is a high incidence of moderate-to-severe pain. Inadequate pain management leads to complications, delayed recovery and prolonged hospitalisation, and thus, effective management is essential. This study describes an implementation of acute pain management after abdominal surgery.

Methods:

A multidimensional assessment tool collected data on demographics, medical history and surgical situation, as well as interventions used, their administration route and their side effects. Pain level was recorded on a scale of 0–10, both at rest and during physical activity, by postoperative day. Patient participation and satisfaction were also recorded.

Results:

Nine patients met the inclusion criteria. Pharmacological analgesic interventions included opioids (morphine, fentanyl and tramadol) and paracetamol. Administration was either intravenous, epidural or via patient-controlled analgesia. These were combined with non-pharmacological interventions, specifically cold gel packs, massage therapy and music therapy. All patients achieved the adequate management goals of pain at rest below 3/10 and during activity below 4/10, and all participated in pain decision-making, were satisfied with pain treatment, and reported the usefulness of preoperative information.

Conclusions:

Pain management following abdominal surgery is vital, and the use of a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological techniques was effective.
Education in stoma care: a survey and interviews with stoma care nurses
Authors: Stronge Kirsty , Burch Jennie
Published: October 2019

Guidance for stoma care clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) provided by the Association of Stoma Care Nurses (ASCN) UK and Royal College of Nursing (RCN) states that senior nurses are expected to have at least a degree-level specialist qualification in conjunction with clinical experience. To determine how to better meet the educational needs of stoma care CNSs, data were collected from this group of professionals. One-in-five stoma care CNS in the UK replied to an online survey, plus telephone interviews. The findings showed that, when attending a course, accreditation was important, as well as that education was predominantly used for professional development and underpinning clinical knowledge. There were three themes that emerged from the surveys and interviews: development of education, delivery style and future developments. These were felt to be important to the nurses when attending educational courses.
Low-Energy Precision Application (LEPA) Irrigation: A Forty-Year Review
Authors: Bordovsky James P.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The low-energy precision application (LEPA) irrigation concept was developed 40 years ago (ca. 1978) to address the depletion of irrigation water from the Ogallala Aquifer and the sharp increase in pumping costs caused by the 1970s fuel crisis occurring at that time in the Texas High Plains. The LEPA method applies water to the soil surface at low pressure using a tower-truss irrigation system that continually moves through the field. This method brought changes in irrigation equipment and management that resulted in improvements in water productivity, particularly in semi-arid locations with diminishing water supplies. A review of published information pertaining to LEPA history, evaluation, and usage was performed. On landscapes of less than 1% slope, negative crop yield effects caused by irrigation runoff and start-stop system alignment were overcome with appropriately spaced basins, or furrow checks, and multiple irrigations over the course of the growing season. No consistent yield advantage at any level of irrigation was documented by placing water in every furrow (1 m spacing) compared to alternate furrows (2 m spacing). In irrigation treatments having =50% of the estimated full irrigation quantity, LEPA resulted in a 16% yield increase over sprinkler methods, although subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) resulted in a 14% yield increase over LEPA. At irrigation levels >50% of full irrigation, crop yields of sprinkler treatments were only slightly less than those of LEPA, and SDI yields were 7% greater than LEPA. The LEPA irrigation method was the catalyst for innovations in chemigation, no-till planting, and site-specific irrigation. As irrigation water becomes more limited, use and proper management of optimum irrigation methods will be critical. Keywords: Basin tillage, Chemigation, Evapotranspiration, Irrigation methods, LEPA, Low-energy precision application, Runoff, Spray irrigation, Sprinkler irrigation, Uniformity, Water use efficiency.
Effect of Pretreatment on Allicin Degradation and Color Change in the Dehydration of Garlic
Authors: Zhao Zusongying , Ileleji Klein E. , Ramirez Gutierrez Diana M. , Zheng Zhian
Published: October 2019

Allicin is the most important active ingredient in garlic because it gives garlic its unique flavor and has a broad spectrum of antibiotic activities. It is also an indicator of garlic product quality. Color can also be used to determine the quality of dehydrated garlic. The allicin content and color of dried garlic are influenced by the processing method, such as pretreatment, and the drying parameters, primarily temperature. To explore the factors that affect the allicin content and color of dried garlic, this study compared the differences in allicin content and color for common pretreatment methods and drying temperatures (35°C for 22 h, 55°C for 12 h, and 75°C for 5 h, to simulate open-sun drying, solar drying, and factory drying, respectively). The results showed that high-temperature pretreatment had a negative effect on the color and allicin retention of dried garlic slices. Cold-water washing and 55°C drying temperature are recommended to produce good garlic color and preserve the allicin content (2.78 mg g-1) to meet both national and international standards. Keywords: Allicin, Color change, Dehydration, Drying, Garlic.
Response of Drought-Tolerant Corn to Varying Irrigation Levels in the Texas High Plains
Authors: O’Shaughnessy Susan A. , Kim MinYoung , Andrade Manuel A. , Colaizzi Paul D. , Evett Steven R.
Published: October 2019

Abstract.

Corn ( L.) for grain continues to be an important crop for livestock feed in the Texas High Plains (THP) region despite lackluster prices. It offers greater crop water productivity compared with other crops grown in the region but also has a relatively high water requirement, which must be met by irrigation. The sole water resource in the region is the Ogallala Aquifer, which is declining because withdrawals exceed recharge, and this is of major concern. Producers are interested in the performance of drought-tolerant (DT) corn, but data on DT crop production functions are limited. From 2015 to 2017, studies of DT corn response to different irrigation treatments were conducted in the THP at Bushland, Texas. Results showed that grain yields, seasonal evapotranspiration (ETc), and crop water use efficiency (WUE) varied significantly between seasons and among different DT hybrids. Comparisons between a mid-season (MS) and an early-maturing (EM) hybrid showed: (1) at the severe deficit irrigation treatment level, grain yields were low, but the EM hybrid produced 400% more grain; (2) at the moderate deficit irrigation treatment level, grain yields and ETc were similar; and (3) at the full irrigation treatment level, the EM hybrid required 75 mm less water, but it produced 24% less grain. Non-hail damaged MS DT corn produced grain yields that were numerically greater than conventional corn grown in the THP in an optimal year. However, during drought seasons, DT hybrid response was not improved over conventional hybrids under severe deficit irrigation. This study demonstrated that MS DT corn hybrid P1151AM, irrigated at a level that fully met evapotranspiration demand, resulted in grain yield and WUE levels that were near the upper limits for corn produced in the THP. Further research is needed to determine the constancy of response among different DT hybrids under favorable and drought conditions. Keywords: Center pivot, Deficit irrigation, Early-maturing corn, Hail damage, Mid-season corn, Variable-rate irrigation, Water use efficiency.
Sediment Phosphorus Release in a Shallow Eutrophic Reservoir Cove
Authors: McCarty James A.
Published: October 2019

Internal phosphorus (P) loading is a leading contributor to eutrophication in reservoirs and can cause harmful algal blooms as well as treatment issues for drinking water reservoirs. Coves are an area of reservoirs that have not received adequate attention, even though they experience higher nutrient and sediment deposition and primary production per unit area when compared to the pelagic zone of the reservoir. This study investigates a shallow eutrophic cove in a northwest Arkansas reservoir called Beaver Lake to better understand the cove’s potential to contribute to P loading and eutrophication within the reservoir. The study period was 3 to 16 July 2018. Water column profiles of depth, temperature, and dissolved oxygen were measured with a floating sensor platform that also contained a weather station. Cove bed sediment samples were collected at three locations in the cove and analyzed for chemical composition through Mehlich III extraction and P, nitrate + nitrite (N+N), and ammonia release rates with aerobic and anaerobic sediment core incubations. Bathymetry data were collected using a depth sonar system. Sensor platform profiles indicated dynamic bottom temperature and dissolved oxygen conditions with transient influxes of hypoxic waters that occurred several times for less than 24 h. The P release rates from bed sediment incubations were as high as 2.02 mg m-2 d-1 under aerobic conditions and 4.45 mg m-2 d-1 under anaerobic conditions. Upon initiation of nitrogen gas bubbling in the sediment cores, anaerobic conditions were delayed by the presence of N+N. Phosphorus release did not occur until denitrification decreased the N+N concentrations enough for reducing conditions to be present. For the study period, a P flux into the water of roughly 1 kg was determined using cove profiles, bathymetry, and P release rates. When compared to whole-lake P release averages for Beaver Lake, eutrophic coves are a disproportionate source of P per unit area within the reservoir. This may offer opportunities for more efficient use of internal loading remediation techniques, such as alum application. The results of this study also suggest that we should not continue to overlook shallow-area bed sediment P flux when considering the P mass balance of a reservoir. Keywords: Eutrophication, Sediment core incubation, Stratification.
Energy Conservation Using Variable Frequency Drives for Center-Pivot Irrigation Systems Equipped with Corner Watering Attachments
Authors: Brar Dilshad , Kranz William L. , Lo Tsz Him , Irmak Suat , Martin Derrel L.
Published: October 2019

Corner watering attachments, specifically end guns and corner extensions, attached to center-pivot systems are a common means to irrigate the corners of square fields. The pumping plant is designed to supply water to all sprinklers when the center pivot is irrigating the point of maximum elevation. Most designs include powering the irrigation pump at a fixed speed, which can lead to excessive energy use. Variable-frequency drives (VFDs) were introduced to adjust the pump speed in response to changes in pressure requirements. In this study, three scenarios were analyzed: scenario 1, end gun attached at end of center-pivot lateral; scenario 2, corner extension attached at end of center-pivot lateral; and scenario 3, corner extension attached at end of center-pivot lateral and end gun attached at the end of the corner extension. This study was conducted on 1000 randomly selected center-pivot irrigation systems located in ten counties of Nebraska using GIS-based tools. High-resolution digital elevation maps were used to investigate the impact of flow rate changes and topographical variations on energy requirements. Reductions in the energy required, obtained through varying the pump speed, and annual monetary savings were calculated for each scenario. Average payback periods for VFDs were calculated for each county. The major factors contributing to energy savings and annual returns include large topographical changes, duration of corner attachment operation, hours of operation, and electricity cost. Scenario 3 resulted in the maximum energy reduction, maximum annual monetary savings, and minimum payback period compared to the other scenarios. This approach allows investigation of the potential savings associated with installation of a VFD for center pivots equipped with end guns and corner arm extensions. Keywords: Center-pivot irrigation systems, Corner watering attachments, End gun, Energy savings, GIS, Pumping, Topography, Variable-frequency drive.
Application of Ultrasonic Anemometer Array to Field Measurements of the Downwash Flow of an Agricultural Unmanned Helicopter
Authors: Tang Qing , Zhang Ruirui , Ding Chenchen , Chen Liping , Xu Min , Xu Gang , Yi Tongchuan , Wen Yao , Li Longlong , Deng Wei
Published: October 2019

Unmanned helicopters are widely used in agricultural spray applications; however, there is a lack of high-accuracy field data on the complex downwash flows caused by such helicopters to support efficient spraying. Therefore, we aimed to collect high-accuracy reference data by developing an ultrasonic anemometer array and related software to measure the downwash flow velocity field of a common agricultural unmanned helicopter (Copterworks AF-25B) during outdoor hovering and forward flight. Differential GPS and image scaling were used to determine the exact position and velocity of the helicopter to ensure repeatability of the tests. When the hovering height of the rotor above the ground plane was y/R = 2.5 (where y is the height above ground level and R is the radius of the rotor), the maximum downwash velocity reached 7 m s-1 at x/R = 0.5 (where x is the radial distance from the axis of the rotor). In addition, we obtained the spatial distribution of the turbulence kinetic energy. The attached flow velocity in the near-ground boundary layer increased radially and reached a maximum of 3 m s-1 at x = 3.6 m, after which it decreased. Comparatively, the maximum downwash velocity during forward flight occurred between x/R = 0.5 and 1.5 and was only about 3 m s-1, which was less than half the maximum downwash velocity while hovering. In addition, the circulation flow below the rotor tips had a velocity of 1.5 m s-1. The downwash flow lasted more than 1 s as the helicopter passed over a given point on the ground, the downwash velocity decreased from 3 m s-1 to 1.5 to 2.5 m s-1, and the symmetry of the flow field was not maintained. This study is the first application of an ultrasonic anemometer array to measure the airflow around an unmanned helicopter and provides high-accuracy field data that can be used as a reference for future indoor and simulation studies. Keywords: Agricultural unmanned helicopter, Downwash flow velocity field, Forward flight, Hovering, Ultrasonic anemometer.
Is it time to drop the term ‘prostitution’ from policy discourse?
Authors: Mulvihill Natasha
Published: October 2019

In this paper, I wish to explore whether it is time to drop the use of the term ‘prostitution’ in English policy discourse. I argue here that ‘prostitution’ is a culturally loaded term and is insufficiently precise in describing the different contexts in which the exchange of sex for money or other resources between adults takes place. This lack of clarity has implications for policy action, which in turn materially affects the lives of those involved in the sex industry. I draw on MacKinnon’s (1989) thesis of the eroticisation of dominance as a productive framework for explaining why violence, harm and coercion are possible within the exchange of sex for money (or other resource), though not inevitable. I propose that we distinguish four categories: sex entrepreneurship, sex work, survival sex and sexual exploitation. For some scholars, such categorisations overlook how disparate practices are connected (Jeffreys, 2009), most obviously by patriarchy or economic inequality. However, I believe we need to see both the connections and the distinctions: if we conflate different practices, we lose the particularity of the contexts of practice and weaken the rationale for policy action. Worse, policy interventions may be harmful. I suggest these four categories can help us identify and distinguish between structural and interpersonal harm and structural and interpersonal coercion and help to formulate attendant criminal justice and social justice measures.
A CONSTRUÇÃO SOCIAL DO PÚBLICO ALVO E O DESENHO DA POLÍTICA PÚBLICA: ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DA OPERAÇÃO CENTRO LEGAL E DO PROGRAMA DE BRAÇOS ABERTOS
Authors: Souza Matheus Silveira de
Published: October 2019

O estudo sobre a construção social e o desenho das políticas públicas evidencia que os públicos alvos das políticas tendem a receber uma quantidade maior ou menor de benefícios ou sanções de acordo com a construção social de sua imagem, de modo que a política pública terá um desenho diferente dependendo de qual grupo será seu destinatário. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa tem o objetivo de analisar a política pública de drogas desenvolvida no município de São Paulo para os usuários de crack, comparando as políticas Operação Centro Legal e o Programa De Braços Abertos. Desse modo, busca-se encaixar o público alvo de usuários de crack na tabela desenvolvida por Scheneider, Ingram e Deleon, com o objetivo de desvelar como a construção social da imagem desse grupo afeta na efetividade da política pública de drogas no município de São Paulo. O método usado para alcançar os objetivos foi a revisão bibliográfica e a análise qualitativa dos dados expedidos pelo governo municipal de São Paulo e pela Fiocruz. Por fim, concluiu-se que o poder político do público alvo, a sua imagem perante a sociedade, bem como o encaixe desse público em um ou outro grupo social são fatores essenciais para a efetividade da política pública e a distribuição de benefícios e sanções.
SOBERANIA E JURISDIÇÃO: A COISA JULGADA MATERIAL NO NOVO CPC
Authors: Paula Jônatas Luiz Moreira de , Dias Bruno Smolarek
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo analisa a correlação entre sanção jurídica, tutela jurisdicional e a autoridade da coisa julgada material, com o objetivo de verificar nesta a manifestação da soberania do estado em decorrência da atividade jurisdicional. O método utilizado na investigação foi o indutivo; no tratamento dos dados o método Cartesiano foi aplicado. Como técnica de pesquisa foi utilizada a pesquisa bibliográfica. As principais categorias neste artigo foram grafadas com letras iniciais em maiúscula, para demonstrar sua posição e conteúdo na estrutura deste artigo.
First Lumbar Treatment of Chronic Mixed Low Back Pain with High Dose Capsaicin 8% Patch
Authors: Prosenz Julian , Neuwersch Stefan , Kloimstein Herwig , Likar Rudolf , Gustorff B. , Gustorff B.
Published: October 2019

Background
Capsaicin 8% patch reduces peripheral neuropathic pain. Based on the concept of neuropathic pain (NeP) in mixed low back pain (LBP) it is hypothesized, that an exclusively lumbar capsaicin 8% patch is an effective treatment of mixed LBP. The aim is a proof of this concept and to identify predictors of responsiveness.

Methods
This prospective stratified study included 54 chronic, mixed, LBP patients with spontaneous pain >3/10 on the NRS (0-10) and a painDETECT Questionnaire (PDQ) score >12 meaning possible or likely (>18) NeP. Pain intensity, PDQ, and quantitative sensory testing (QST) were assessed at baseline. After a one-hour capsaicin 8% treatment on the low back, follow-up was carried out regularly over three months. Response was determined at one month (≥30% pain reduction) and predictors were compared accordingly.

Results
The average change in pain intensity at week four was -1.1 (-0.50;-1.71, 95%CI, p < 0.001). Twenty-one (39%) patients responded at one month with a mean pain reduction of -3.1 (-4.0;-2.3, 95%CI) and even 10 of the 21 responders showed a ≥ 50% pain reduction. No pain reduction was seen in 33 (61%) patients (p = 0.42). Responders and non-responders did not differ at any baseline parameter: NRS (p = 0.85), PDQ score (p = 0.47), duration of pain (median of 48 and 36 months) nor QST profiles.

Conclusions
Lumbar capsaicin 8% patch is an effective treatment in about 40% of chronic patients with mixed neuropathic LBP. However, predictors for response could not be identified.
Novel N-Pyrrolylcarboxylic Acid Derivative as a Potential New Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Drug
Authors: Zlatanova Hristina , Vladimirova Stanislava , Kostadinov Ilia , Delev Delian , Deneva Tanya , Kostadinova Ivanka , Bijev Atanas
Published: October 2019

The objective of our study was to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity, as well as possible organ toxicity of 2-3-3-methyl-pentanoic acid (compound 3d), a newly synthesized pyrrolic derivative, structurally similar to Celecoxib. Antinociception was assessed using animal pain models with thermal and chemical stimuli (paw withdrawal, tail-flick and formalin test). Anti-inflammatory activity was measured using the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. Blood samples were collected from the animals to study possible organ toxicity. All experiments were performed on male Wistar rats. The results in our study show that in experimental conditions 2-3-3-methyl-pentanoic acid has analgesic action against thermal and chemical stimuli. This effect is registered after both single and multiple administration of the compound. In the carrageenan model after single administration compound 3d did not inhibit formation of paw edema. After multiple administration all doses of compound 3d significantly suppressed paw edema at second, third and fourth hours. Hematological tests showed that compound 3d did not affect red blood cells and platelets but decreased white blood cell levels and the highest used dose decreased hemoglobin as well. Compound 3d decreased blood sugar levels and liver transaminases, compared to the control. Compound 3d did not affect creatinine levels but the smallest dose used lowered blood urea. We concluded antinociception in the tested compound is most likely mediated by supraspinal, spinal and peripheral mechanisms. Possible tolerance develops towards the analgesic action on spinal level after continuous administration. Anti-inflammatory activity, though significant, is probably not the leading cause for antinociception.