bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural Insight and in vitro Free Radical Scavenging Capacity of
Arabinogalactan Polysaccharides from the Peels of Punica granatum
Authors: Adhikari Dipan , Ghosh Tuhin
Published: March 2021

The juice extracted from Punica granatum L. fruit has been used for ages as an important functional
food that can endow with healthcare benefits besides fundamental nutritional food that we intake.
Although demonstration of antioxidant activity has been shown here, the target molecule responsible
for this phenomenon remains unidentified. In this present work, we report a structural insight and
antioxidant activity of its polysaccharide (PF-1), purified from water extract (WE) by precipitation
with ethanol, ethanol soluble fraction (PF-2) and acetone extracted fraction (PF-3). The purified
polysaccharide (PF-1) contains mainly arabinose, galactose together with lesser amount of rhamnose
and glucose residues, and the molecular mass was determined 180 kDa. This fraction consists of
T-(1,5)- and (1,3,5)-linked Araf; T-(1,6)- and (1,3,6)-linked Galp alongside (1,2,4)-linked Rhap residues.
The glucan is found to be β-(1→3)-linked glucopyranosyl residues with a molecular mass of 9 kDa.
The in vitro antioxidant activity of the active fractions was determined by using
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), hydroxyl radical
scavenging and total antioxidant activity (TAA) assays. The arabinogalactan showed the highest
potential among the polysaccharides. This work involves an economically viable simple extraction
method and reports promising antioxidant capacity. The studies suggest that this polysaccharide from
Punica granatum L. fruit could be a natural antioxidant.
Bioactive Phytochemical Compounds of Physalis minima L. and its
Anticholinesterase and Antioxidant Activities
Authors: PRABHU V. , ARUNKUMAR K. , MONIKA B. , LATHA V. , SIBI G.
Published: March 2021

Physalis minima Linn. was investigated for its antioxidant and acetylcholine esterase inhibition activities. The methanolic extract of the
whole plant was evaluated for radical scavenging and in vitro hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine iodide. Inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the
extract exhibited IC50 values of 78.6, 46.2, 76.7 and 296 μg/mL under 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-
ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), hydroxyl radical scavenging and acetylcholine esterase inhibition assays. GC-MS analysis revealed
the presence of 11 compounds of which most of the compounds were reported with biological activities. The study suggests further
investigations of P. minima for isolation, purification and characterization of valuable bioactive compounds related to their radical scavenging
activity and for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease.
Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Dihydrocaffeic Acid: A Quantum Chemical Approach
Authors: Senthilkumar K. , Naina Mohammed S.S. , Kalaiselvan S.
Published: March 2021

Based on density functional theory (DFT), to investigate relationships between the antioxidant activity
and structure of dihydrocaffeic acid, quantum chemical calculation is used. The optimized structures
of the neutral, radical and ionic forms have been carried out by DFT-B3LYP method with the
6-311G(d,p) basis set. Reaction enthalpies related with the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), single
electron transfer proton transfer (SET-PT) and sequential proton loss and electron transfer (SPLET)
were calculated in gas and water phase. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap, electron affinity,
electronegativity, ionization energy, hardness, chemical potential, global softness and global
electrophilicity were calculated by using the same level of theory. Surfaces with a molecular electrostatic
potential (MEP) were studied to determine the reactive sites of dihydrocaffeic acid. The difference in
energy between the donor and acceptor as well as the stabilization energy was determined through the
natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The Fukui index (FI) based on electron density was employed to
predict reaction sites. Reaction enthalpies are compared with previously published data for phenol
and 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid.
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Mimusops elengi Extract of Raw Fruits and
Characterization of PVA-Silver Polymer Nanocomposite Films
Authors: PANDA BHABANI SHANKAR , AHEMAD MOHAMMED ANSAR
Published: March 2021

The present work concerns on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles at 25 ºC using raw fruits extract of Bakul (Mimusops elengi) tree via
chemical reduction route development of poly(vinyl alcohol) PVA-silver polymer nanocomposite films. The nanocomposite films were
subjected to characterization by UV-visible, FTIR, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and thermal
studies. The UV-visible spectrum shows a characteristic broad absorption band observed near 465 nm suggesting presence of silver
nanoparticles in polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) film. The vibrational band shift of –OH group of poly(vinyl alcohol) in the presence of
nanoparticle designated the chemical interaction between –OH group of poly(vinyl alcohol) and silver nanoparticles. The FESEM study
confirmed that PVA is not only acted as a capping agent, but also a cross-linking agent. X-ray diffraction study shows that the existence
of AgNPs in the poly nanocomposite film and nanoaparticles are crystalline in nature. Thermal studies suggest that the enhanced thermal
stability is because of the good packing of the polar crystallites in β-PVA composites as compared to the non-polar α-phase of neat
poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA).
Carbon Molecular Sieve Supported Pd Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde in Alkaline Medium
Authors: Krishna Racharla , Ramakrishna Chowdam , Saini Bijendra , Gopi Thakkallapalli , Swetha Gujarathi , Shekar Sridara Chandra , Srinivas Ankanagari
Published: March 2021

Synthesis of various fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals are regulated through selective hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. Hydrocinnamaldehyde is one of the important compounds in perfumery and flavouring industries. It is highly precarious and challenging to control the product selectivity as well as conversion in cinnamaldehyde hydrogenation. In this study, an effective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde was attained in presence of aqueous-protic organic medium by utilizing Pd/CMS and other additives of alkali such as K2CO3. The Pd/CMS catalyst along with alkali media catalyzed the hydrogenation of C=C selectively in cinnamaldehyde in order to form hydrocinnamaldehyde with 100% conversion rate. Additionally, the parallel hydrogenation of C=O and C=C bonds in cinnamaldehyde takes place in absence of media. The C=O bond reduction in cinnamaldehyde can be restricted through K2CO3 addition to aqueous-protic solution. The active sites of palladium were found to be uniform and analyzed using HRTEM data. Based on the mechanism involved in micropores of carbon molecular sieves, the key role of promoter is associated with hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde. The catalytic criterion was appropriate with the acquired activity data.
Density Functional Theory Reactivity Studies on X3N@C80 (X = Sc, Gd, Lu) Fullerenes
Authors: Selvarengan P.
Published: March 2021

Density functional theory studies have been performed to reveal the reactivity of the sites in Sc3N@C80,
Gd3N@C80 and Lu3N@C80 endohedral fullerenes. The condensed Fukui functions have been calculated
using Mulliken atomic charges. The calculations show that the carbon atom sites are in direct contact
with the endohedral cluster favourable nucleophilic attack. Similarly, the carbon atoms which are
away from the direct bonding with the cluster are favourable for the electrophilic attack. This is also
confirmed from the charge transfer analysis. It is noted that the spin multiplicity decides the reactivity
sites and stability of the Gd3N@C80 system. The HOMO-LUMO gap value indicates that Gd3N@C80
with S = 7 is stable than the S = 21 system. Finally, present studies indicate that the charge transfer
between the C80 cage and X3N plays a major role to determine the reactivity of the sites in the C80 cage.
Structurally Designed Imine Skeletal Pyrenyl Pendant Pyridine
Core Polybenzoxazine nSiO2/PBZ Hybrid Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Gunasekaran S.G. , Stephen L. Devaraj , Arivalagan V. , Soundarrajan M.
Published: March 2021

Novel polybenzoxazine-silica (nSiO2/PBZ) hybrid nanocomposites were designed and synthesized
using carbazole terminal pyrenyl pyridine core imine skeletal benzoxazine monomer (PYCBZ) and
nanosilica (nSiO2) through in situ sol-gel method. The FT-IR and Raman spectral studies ascertained
the formation of nanosilica reinforced polybenzoxazine hybrid nanocomposites. The nSiO2/PBZ hybrid
nanocomposites exhibited excellent thermal stability and higher char yield than that of neat PBZ. The
elevation in glass transition temperature of the nanocomposites was evidenced by the limited motion
of the polymeric network with the introduction of nanosilica particles in the PBZ matrices. The
hydrophobic nature of a less polar nSiO2 in the composites zipped the water uptake behaviour of
(nSiO2/PBZ) hybrid nanocomposites to low percentage. The shift in the absorption peak reveals that
the nanosilica particles were successfully incorporated through thermal ring opening polymerization
of benzoxazine. The homogeneous reinforcement of nSiO2 particles retains the fluorescent properties
of polybenzoxazine. The uniform molecular level dispersion of nano SiO2 onto polybenzoxazine
networks were confirmed from transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope
images.
Fabrication of Non-precious Vanadium Tungsten Nanocomposite for
Enhanced Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Stanlykeninxavier L. , Elangovan P. , Saravanakumaar M.S.S.
Published: March 2021

For the commercialization of alkaline fuel cells and metal air batteries, the advances in non-precious,
cheap, stable electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and highly active remain a
major problem. To overcome this problem, a facile approach was established to fabricate non-precious
metal electrocatalysts, such as nanoparticles, pristine V2O5 and their WO3 hybrids. This is the first
study reporting the utilization of monoclinic-WO3-nanocrystal-coupled V2O5 that serves as ORR
catalysts. Compared with 50 wt.% WO3 with 50 wt.% V2O5 (VW-2) spheres and pristine V2O5, the
hybrid catalyst of 25 wt.% WO3 and 75 wt.% V2O5 (VW-1) spheres exhibits outstanding catalytic
activity towards ORR. In addition, the hybrid of 25 wt.% WO3 and 75 wt.% V2O5 (VW-1) exhibits a
higher long-term durability and catalytic activity than high-quality commercial Pt/C catalysts, which
renders the composites of WO3/V2O5 composites hybrid a high-capacity candidate for non-precious,
high-performance, metal-based electrocatalysts having high efficiency and low cost for electrochemical
energy conversion. The enhanced activity of WO3/V2O5 composites is mainly obtained from the
improved structural openness in the V2O5 tunnel structure when coupled with WO3.
Speciation Study of Nitrite/Nitrate through Diazo-Coupling Reaction Using Silica-Perchloric
Acid as a Novel Catalyst at Trace Level: Application to Environmental Samples
Authors: Adeppagari Narayanamma Chinna , Omkarappa Nayana Kudluru , Malingappa Pandurangappa
Published: March 2021

A simple, sensitive and rapid spectrophotometric method has been developed based on the diazo
coupling reaction in the quantification of nitrite/nitrate at trace level using silica perchloric acid (SPCA)
as an acid catalyst. 5-Amino-2-mercapto benzimidazole has been used as a novel amine and coupled
with N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (NEDA) to produce an intense coloured azo
dye. The proposed method showed wide linearity in the concentration range 0.1-1000 ppm of nitrite.
The molar absorptivity and Sandell′s sensitivity were found to be 1.6 × 106 L mol–1 cm–1 and 0.0012 μg
cm–2 respectively. Nitrate was measured after its reduction to nitrite using optimized copper-cadmium
reductor column. The proposed method has been successfully applied to measure trace level
nitrite/nitrate from a variety of sample matrices like water, soil, milk and radiator coolant.
Synthesis, Characterization, Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antimalarial Study of
Mixed Ligand Metal Complexes Derived from Azo Quinoline with Thiosemicarbazone
Authors: Borhade S.S. , Tryambake P.T.
Published: March 2021

Mixed ligand metal complexes of azo quinoline and thiosemicarbazone with Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II),
Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) metal ions were synthesized. The structure and possible geometry of all the
metal(II) complexes were analyzed and supported by IR, mass spectrum, elemental analysis, TG-DTA,
electronic spectra (UV), magnetic susceptibility and molar conductance. The synthesized compounds
were studied for their antibacterial, antifungal and antimalarial activities. The antimicrobial activity
was carried out against bacteria (two Gram-positive bacteria and two Gram-negative bacteria), three
fungal strain and one malarial pathogen
An Overview on Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemical and Pharmacology of Eleusine indica
Authors: Sahu Tapan K. , Kar Biswakanth , Sahoo Nityananda , Behera Amulyaratna , Pattnaik Gurudutta
Published: March 2021

Many efforts have been made through publication of traditional studies on plants to increase the
interest and improve on natural remedy since past few years. Eleusine indica is a diploid species of
genus Eleusine belongs to family Poaceae. More than 20 diseases are traditionally treated by this
plant around the different tropical and subtropical region of world. Phytochemically many inorganic
and organic active constituents have been isolated from the plant. Many secondary metabolites has
been isolated and identified such as vitexin, isovitexin, orientin, isoorientin, lutein, β-sitosterol,
stigmasterol and derivatives of sterol glucosides belongs to categories of flavonoids, caretenoid and
sterols. Plant possesses active constituents attributes several pharmacological actions like antimicrobial,
anti-inflammatory, diuretic, anticonvulsant, antiobesity, anticancer, antihypertensive, antioxidant,
hepatoprotective, etc. Further investigations are essential to fulfil many research gaps which were
identified and still many bioactive constituents have to be discover in respect to traditional and
pharmacological use.
An Indian Folkore Phytomedicine Perilla frutescens L.: Free Radical
Scavenging Property along with Metal Detection by ICP-MS
Authors: Singh Ajay , Dixit Arunesh Kumar , Farooq S. , Mehmood Zafar , Chhimwal Suman Lata
Published: March 2021

In present study, free radical scavenging activity of methanolic extract of all parts (leaves, seeds, root,
stem and flower) of Perilla frutescens L. has been estimated. The promising results, among the five
plant parts leaves, seeds, root, stem, flower and the standard tested for the in vitro antioxidant activity
using the DPPH method, the crude methanolic extracts of all parts showed antioxidant activity, with
IC50 values of 5.95 ± 0.10, 8.28 ± 0.20, 66.27 ± 0.17, 80.03 ± 0.10 and 122.35 ± 0.17 μg/mL, respectively.
The IC50 value for ascorbic acid was 5.19 ± 0.26 μg/mL. While butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) a
synthetic commercial antioxidant has comparatively high IC50 value of 108.46 ± 0.57 μg/mL. Presence
of zinc in all parts of plant in the range 17.20 ± 0.22 to 33.56 ± 0.32 ppm further supports the strong
antioxidant activity of Perilla frutescens L. The phytochemical tests indicated that all parts of Perilla
frutescens L. have considerable proportion of important phytochemicals and are in rich source of
secondary metabolites like polyphenols, tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids. Several of such compounds
are known to possess potent antioxidant activity.
Pseudoachalasia Following Nissen Fundoplication
Authors: Harbaugh Joshua W. , Clayton Steven B.
Published: March 2021

Pseudoachalasia, clinically indistinct from achalasia in symptoms and high-resolution manometry findings, differs by a secondary etiology with more than half of the occurrences arising from malignancy. Rarely pseudoachalasia presents after surgeries of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction. This case offers an additional example of pseudoachalasia after Nissen fundoplication; however, it is unique to the literature by documenting complete manometric progression from normal to pseudoachalasia in a single patient. This case serves to highlight the importance of thorough workups in patients with achalasia symptoms and broadens understanding of this disease process by offering manometric findings in an evolutionary phase.
Contribution of Cases of Extraordinary Healings to Consciousness Studies
Authors: Pandarakalam James Paul
Published: March 2021

Faith healings, as reported in the faith traditions, take us into a different territory of consciousness. Placebo effects are thought to be a quantum reality and may be responsible for some of the anomalous healings. If spiritual dimensions are brought into the equation, some of the healing miracles may also have spiritual and spiritistic components. Advanced external spiritual agencies may be involved in true instances of faith healing. Such higher order healings offer indirect evidence for the existence of a higher consciousness grounding the quantum consciousness. NeuroQuantology is one of the meeting points of science and spirituality and it becomes a bridge between brain and higher consciousness; coordinating both together is a challenging task. True cases of faith healing prompt us to search for higher realities beyond the brain and quantum dimensions. Extrasomatic energy system implies the existence of extra-physiological immunity and balancing the two forms of immunity is vital for maintaining health. There are many gateways to consciousness studies; research into anomalous phenomenon is one among them. This paper is an evaluation of some of the reported cases of extraordinary healing and how they can influence the formulation of an expanded model of brain-mind-consciousness complex.
Calculation of Radiation Nuclei Concentrations in Fertilized and Unfertilized Plants Samples Using Gamma Spectroscopy
Authors: ALwan Adawiya M. , Al-Bayati Auday T. , Mahdi Khalid H. , Mansour Hazim L.
Published: March 2021

The aim of this work was to estimate the concentrations of natural and artificial nuclides in some fertilized and unfertilized plant samples. These samples were collected and prepared in a petri dish for the measurements using gamma spectroscopy. The average values of 238U, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs for the unfertilized plant samples were (11.964 ± 3.226, 8.273 ± 2.639, 402.436 ± 18.099, and 2.761 ± 1.613) respectively, and for the fertilized plant samples were (30.434 ± 5.282, 22.584 ± 4.620, 711.332 ± 25.806, and 6.986 ± 2.542) respectively. The average values of radiological hazard indices, Raeq, D, D for 137Cs, (AEDE)in, (AEDE)out, Iγ, Hin, and Hout for the unfertilized plant samples were (54.782 ± 7.216, 27.306, 0.469, 0.134, 0.033, 0.431, 0.180, and 0.148) respectively, and for the fertilized plant samples were (117.502 ± 10.747, 57.364, 1.188, 0.281, 0.070, 0.903, 0.400, and 0.317) respectively. The present results have indicated that the fertilized plant samples have more concentrations than the unfertilized plant samples.
Statistical Treatment of the Gamma-Ray Spectrum Using the Language Programming R
Authors: Khadim Inaam H. , Hatif Khalid Hussain
Published: March 2021

In this work we use the laws of statistics and statistical distributions software to try to understand the random statistical nature of the dissolution of gamma rays and their interaction with the material by studying the spectrum regions of the sodium-22 spectrum using the statistical programming language R. such Normality test, Anova Test as well as Pearson correlation coefficient test and the linear Regression test and we were found that there is no strong statistical relationship between the random variables studied using linear regression, also it was found that the average mean of the standard samples follows the normal distribution and this was confirmed by using the T-test, there is also a slight difference between the sampling random mean and the standard mean for the same samples using the same statistical distribution.
Blades Optimization for Maximum Power Output of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Authors: Shoukat Ahmad Adnan , Noon Adnan Aslam , Anwar Muhammad , Ahmed Hafiz Waqar , Khan Talha Irfan , Koten Hasan , Siddiqi Muftooh Ur Rehman , Sharif Aamer
Published: March 2021

Wind power is a significant and urging sustainable power source asset to petroleum derivatives. Wind machines, for example, H-Darrieus vertical pivot wind turbines (VAWTs) have increased much notoriety in research network throughout the most recent couple of decades because of their applications at destinations having moderately low wind speed. Be that as it may, it is noticed that such wind turbines have low effectiveness. The point of this examination is to plan rotor cutting edges which could create most extreme power yield and execution. Different plan factors, for instance, harmony length, pitch edge, rotor distance across, cutting edge length and pitch point are explored to upgrade the presentation of VAWT. Rotor cutting edges are manufactured using the NACA-0030 structure and tried in wind burrow office and contrast its outcomes and DSM 523 profile. Numerical simulations are performed to get best geometry and stream conduct for achieving greatest power. It is seen that for higher tip-speed-proportion (TSR), shorter harmony length and bigger distance across the rotor (i.e., lower robustness) yields higher effectiveness in NACA 0030. Nevertheless, for lower TSR, the more drawn out agreement length and slighter distance across rotor (i.e., higher strength) gives better implementation. The pitch point is - 2° for TSR = 3 and - 3° for TSR = 2.5. The most extreme power yield of the wind turbine is acquired for the sharp edge profile NACA 0030. Besides, instantaneous control coefficient, power coefficient (CP) is the greatest reason for azimuthal edge of 245° and least esteem for 180°.
Interpretable machine learning model to detect chemically adulterated urine samples analyzed by high resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Streun Gabriel L. , Steuer Andrea E. , Ebert Lars C. , Dobay Akos , Kraemer Thomas
Published: March 2021

Objectives

Urine sample manipulation including substitution, dilution, and chemical adulteration is a continuing challenge for workplace drug testing, abstinence control, and doping control laboratories. The simultaneous detection of sample manipulation and prohibited drugs within one single analytical measurement would be highly advantageous. Machine learning algorithms are able to learn from existing datasets and predict outcomes of new data, which are unknown to the model.

Methods

Authentic human urine samples were treated with pyridinium chlorochromate, potassium nitrite, hydrogen peroxide, iodine, sodium hypochlorite, and water as control. In total, 702 samples, measured with liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, were used. After retention time alignment within Progenesis QI, an artificial neural network was trained with 500 samples, each featuring 33,448 values. The feature importance was analyzed with the local interpretable model-agnostic explanations approach.

Results

Following 10-fold cross-validation, the mean sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value was 88.9, 92.0, 91.9, and 89.2%, respectively. A diverse test set (n=202) containing treated and untreated urine samples could be correctly classified with an accuracy of 95.4%. In addition, 14 important features and four potential biomarkers were extracted.

Conclusions

With interpretable retention time aligned liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry data, a reliable machine learning model could be established that rapidly uncovers chemical urine manipulation. The incorporation of our model into routine clinical or forensic analysis allows simultaneous LC-MS analysis and sample integrity testing in one run, thus revolutionizing this field of drug testing.
Relation Between Cumulative Residual Entropy and Excess Wealth Transform with Applications to Reliability and Risk
Authors: Unnikrishnan Nair N. , Vineshkumar B.
Published: March 2021

Dynamic cumulative residual entropy is a new addition to the class of information measures.
In the present paper, we study its relationship with excess wealth transform and derive some identities connecting the two using the quantile-based approach.
Some theoretical results that have applications to infer ageing properties and risk measures are presented.
These are used as tools to analyse real life data.
Higher pullbacks of modular forms on orthogonal groups
Authors: Williams Brandon
Published: March 2021

We apply differential operators to modular forms on orthogonal groups

O
⁢

(
2
,
ℓ
)

{\mathrm{O}(2,\ell)}

to construct infinite families of modular forms on special cycles. These operators generalize the quasi-pullback. The subspaces of theta lifts are preserved; in particular, the higher pullbacks of the lift of a (lattice-index) Jacobi form ϕ are theta lifts of partial development coefficients of ϕ. For certain lattices of signature

(
2
,
2
)

{(2,2)}

and

(
2
,
3
)

{(2,3)}

, for which there are interpretations as Hilbert–Siegel modular forms, we observe that the higher pullbacks coincide with differential operators introduced by Cohen and Ibukiyama.
On the number of zeros of diagonal cubic forms over finite fields
Authors: Hong Shaofang , Zhu Chaoxi
Published: March 2021

Let

𝔽
q

{\mathbb{F}_{q}}

be the finite field of

q
=

p
k

{q=p^{k}}

elements with
p being a prime and let k be a positive integer. For any

y
,
z

∈

𝔽
q

{y,z\in\mathbb{F}_{q}}

,
let

N
s

⁢

(
z
)

{N_{s}(z)}

and

T
s

⁢

(
y
)

{T_{s}(y)}

denote the numbers of zeros of

x
1
3

+
⋯
+

x
s
3

=
z

{x_{1}^{3}+\cdots+x_{s}^{3}=z}

and

x
1
3

+
⋯
+

x

s
-
1

3

+

y
⁢

x
s
3

=
0

{x_{1}^{3}+\cdots+x_{s-1}^{3}+yx_{s}^{3}=0}

, respectively.
Gauss proved that if

q
=
p

{q=p}

,

p
≡

1

(

mod
3

)

{p\equiv 1~{}(\bmod~{}3)}

and y is non-cubic, then

T
3

⁢

(
y
)

=

p
2

+

1
2

⁢

(

p
-
1

)

⁢

(

-
c

+

9
⁢
d

)

,

T_{3}(y)=p^{2}+\frac{1}{2}(p-1)(-c+9d),

where c and d are uniquely determined by

4
⁢
p

=

c
2

+

27
⁢

d
2

{4p=c^{2}+27d^{2}}

and

c
≡

1

(

mod
3

)

{c\equiv 1~{}(\bmod~{}3)}

except for the sign of d. In 1978, Chowla,
Cowles and Cowles determined the sign of d for the case of 2 being a non-cubic
element of

𝔽
p

{\mathbb{F}_{p}}

. But the sign problem is kept open for the remaining case of 2
being cubic in

𝔽
p

{\mathbb{F}_{p}}

. In this paper, we solve this sign problem by determining
the sign of d when 2 is cubic in

𝔽
p

{\mathbb{F}_{p}}

. Furthermore, we show that the generating
functions

∑

s
=
1

∞

N
s

⁢

(
z
)

⁢

x
s

{\sum_{s=1}^{\infty}N_{s}(z)x^{s}}

and

∑

s
=
1

∞

T
s

⁢

(
y
)

⁢

x
s

{\sum_{s=1}^{\infty}T_{s}(y)x^{s}}

are rational functions for any

z
,
y

∈

𝔽
q
*

:=

𝔽
q

∖

{
0
}

{z,y\in\mathbb{F}_{q}^{*}:=\mathbb{F}_{q}\setminus\{0\}}

with y being non-cubic over

𝔽
q

{\mathbb{F}_{q}}

, and we also give their explicit expressions.
This extends the theorem of Myerson and that of Chowla, Cowles and Cowles.
The Foochow Chinese: moving towards a pan-Chinese identity anchored to Mandarin
Authors: Ting Su-Hie , Ting Su-Lin
Published: March 2021

The study investigated the use of Mandarin and Chinese dialects, and attitudes towards these languages among the Foochow living in Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia. The study involved 408 Foochow respondents (204 children, 204 parents). As most of the respondents’ close friends, neighbours and colleagues were Foochow, and Chinese in general, Foochow and Mandarin were the two main languages used, but English, Malay and Iban were sometimes used with people from other ethnic groups. More parents felt at ease speaking Foochow in all situations but more children felt that it is nothing special to speak their dialect. The most cherished and emotionally expressive language for the parents was Foochow but for their children, it was Mandarin. More parents were aware of cultural associations and activities than their children. They believed that the use of Chinese dialects will decrease in future and intergenerational transmission of the dialect is important. Yet they were still looking to cultural associations and the government to promote their culture and dialect. The study indicated that the markers for membership of their Chinese dialect group are ancestry, language, living among people from the same dialect group, cultural practices and religion.
1930年代“大众语”在新马的宣传及其对国语推广的影响
Authors: 克威 邱
Published: March 2021

新马“国语运动”在1930年代进入“全盛期”,尤其在初期随着各种活动与组织的发展使“国语”的推广取得佳绩。然而1930年代中期开始在中国国内关于“国语”的一系列批评思潮与运动,尤其是1934年以来的“大众语运动”,新马华人社会也直接投入其中。1937年进入抗战时期,“大众语运动”结合“通俗文学运动”与“新文字运动”,在新马华人社会中宣传“抗战救亡”的工作上取得了普遍的支持,并由此直接或间接地影响了新马“国语”的发展及其推广。本文首先从1930年代新马社会的语言环境,尤其是“国语”的教育与使用情况分析,了解“大众语”在新马文化界与知识界深受支持的社会背景;其次是整理当时针对“大众语”及其相关运动的讨论及其宣传活动,最后则探讨1930年代“大众语运动”给新马华人社会所带来的影响,尤其是对“国语”的推广与发展的影响。
JMJD3-regulated expression of IL-6 is involved in the proliferation and chemosensitivity of acute myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Xu Xiaojun , Ye Yongbin , Wang Xiaobo , Lu Bo , Guo Ziwen , Wu Shunjie
Published: March 2021

Emerging evidence shows that histone modification and its related regulators are involved in the progression and chemoresistance of multiple tumors including acute myeloid leukemia cells (AML). Our present study found that the expression of histone lysine demethylase Jumonji domain containing-3 (JMJD3) was increased in AML cells as compared with that in human primary bone marrow (HPBM) cells. Knockdown of JMJD3 can decrease the proliferation of AML cells and increase the chemosensitivity of daunorubicin (DNR) and cytarabine (Ara-C). By screening the expression of cytokines involved in AML progression, we found that knockdown of JMJD3 can inhibit the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Recombinant IL-6 (rIL-6) can attenuate si-JMJD3-suppressed proliferation of AML cells. Mechanistically, JMJD3 can positively regulate the promoter activity and transcription of IL-6 mRNA, while had no effect on its mRNA stability. Further, JMJD3 can regulate the expression of p65, which can directly bind with promoter of IL-6 to increase its transcription. Over expression of p65 significantly attenuated si-JMJD3-suppressed expression of IL-6. Collectively, we revealed that JMJD3 can regulate the proliferation and chemosensitivity of AML cells via upregulation of IL-6. It suggested that JMJD3 might be a potential therapy target for AML treatment.
Humor styles predict emotional and behavioral responses to COVID-19
Authors: Olah Andrew R. , Ford Thomas E.
Published: March 2021

A correlational study (n = 180 adults) in the United States tested the hypothesis that self-directed humor styles predict emotional responses to COVID-19, specifically stress and hopelessness, and in turn predict engagement in protective behaviors. Results from a sequential mediation analysis supported our hypotheses. First, to the extent that people have a self-enhancing humor style they perceived less stress and hopelessness associated with COVID-19 and as a result reported engaging in more protective behaviors. Second, people higher in self-defeating humor style showed the opposite pattern; they perceived more stress and hopelessness due to COVID-19 and thus reported engaging in less protective behaviors. Implications for theory and application are discussed.
A pandemic of jokes? The Israeli COVID-19 meme and the construction of a collective response to risk
Authors: Sebba-Elran Tsafi
Published: March 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic that broke out in Israel in February 2020 prompted widespread public response, which included a deluge of humorous memes. The current article discusses the main meme cycles of the pandemic with the aim of uncovering the functions of the humorous meme, and particularly its singular language, which incorporates the universal and the particular, the global and the local, the hegemonic and the subversive. The memes are examined in their immediate context, as responses to news announcements, restrictions, and rumors relating to the pandemic, and from a comparative perspective, with emphasis on the various functions of disaster jokes and the use of folklore in response to previous epidemics, crises, or risks. Alongside the hybrid nature of the genre, these meme cycles demonstrate that COVID-19 is not just a threatening virus but a new reality that undermines our experience of time and space, evoking old beliefs and new, and threatening to change everyday practices. These narratives not only reflect the incongruities evoked by the virus, but also give vent to anxieties and aggressions brought on by the pandemic and convey a communal need to protect and foster group cohesion and a local sense of belonging.
On tangential approximations of the solution set of set-valued inclusions
Authors: Uderzo Amos
Published: March 2021

In the present paper, the problem of estimating the contingent cone
to the solution set associated with certain set-valued inclusions is addressed
by variational analysis methods and tools.
As a main result, inner (resp. outer) approximations, which are expressed
in terms of outer (resp. inner) prederivatives of the set-valued term
appearing in the inclusion problem, are provided. For the analysis of inner approximations,
the evidence arises that
the metric increase property for set-valued mappings turns out to play a crucial role.
Some of the results obtained in this context are then exploited for formulating
necessary optimality conditions for constrained problems, whose feasible region is defined by
a set-valued inclusion.
Physics’ Contribution to Causation
Authors: Kistler Max
Published: March 2021

Most philosophers of physics are eliminativists about causation. Following Bertrand Russell’s lead, they think that causation is a folk concept that cannot be rationally reconstructed within a worldview informed by contemporary physics. Against this thesis, I argue that physics contributes to shaping the concept of causation, in two ways. (1) Special Relativity is a physical theory that expresses causal constraints. (2) The physical concept of a conserved quantity can be used in the functional reduction of the notion of causation. The empirical part of this reduction makes the hypothesis that the transference of an amount of a conserved quantity is a necessary and sufficient condition for causation. This hypothesis is defended against several objections from physics: that amounts of energy do not possess the appropriate identity conditions required for being able to be transmitted, that there is no universal principle of the conservation of energy in General Relativity, and that there are at least two types of physical systems in which causation does not involve any transference: entangled systems in quantum mechanics and the Aharonov–Bohm effect. In order to show that physics provides means to elaborate the concept of causation it is important to avoid certain misunderstandings. In particular, the claim that there is causation in a physical world does not mean that causation is an additional ingredient of the “furniture” of the world, over and above the ingredients identified by physics.
Transgressive Arabic discourse in Lebanese political protest
Authors: Riskedahl Diane
Published: March 2021

A wide range of Arabic language variation in form, code choice and orthographic script was wielded by Lebanese political protestors in their graffiti and political placards in Beirut in 2015. That summer, civil protests spilled out into the streets to critique the government inaction over waste management and overall corruption. I will focus on four tactics that highlight a trend towards linguistic transgression and strategic recontextualization of Arabic discourse in these protests: reworking of state iconography; inscribing irreverent spoken dialect in written form; incorporation of hashtag (#) participant and interpretive frameworks; and the recontextualization of traditional calligraphic forms in new contexts. This paper explores the intertextuality of protest signage and consider the ways in which the transgression of traditional linguistic boundaries might inform understandings of the social dynamics of contemporary politics in Lebanon.
The guanidinium t-diaqua-bis(oxalato)chromate(III) dihydrate complex: synthesis, crystal structure, EPR spectroscopy and magnetic properties
Authors: Kamga Idelle Nono , Nana Augustin Nkwento , Ndosiri Bridget Ndoye , Capet Frédéric , Foulon Michel , Nenwa Justin
Published: March 2021

A new salt (CH6N3)[t-Cr(C2O4)2(H2O)2]·2H2O (1) (CH6N3
+ = guanidinium cation) has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and UV–Vis spectroscopies, elemental and thermogravimetric analyses. In the crystal structure of 1, the chromate(III) ion lies on an inversion center in the form of an elongated octahedron. The coordination sphere consists of four oxygen atoms of two chelating oxalato ligands in the equatorial plane and two axial oxygen atoms of water ligands. The structural feature of focal interest in the structure of 1 is the formation of pillars of [Cr(C2O4)2(H2O)2]− complex anions and CH6N3
+ guanidinium cations, with the next-neighbor cations rotated by an angle of 60° relative to each other. O–H···O and N–H···O hydrogen bonds play an important role in the construction of the three-dimensional network. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and magnetic properties of 1 have also been investigated.
Synthesis of the scandium chloride hydrates ScCl3·3H2O and Sc2Cl4(OH)2·12H2O and their characterisation by X-ray diffraction, 45Sc NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations
Authors: Bräuniger Thomas , Bielec Philipp , Zeman Otto E. O. , Moudrakovski Igor L. , Hoch Constantin , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: March 2021

The compounds ScCl3·3H2O (SCTH) and [{Sc(H2O)5(μ-OH)}2]Cl4·2H2O (SCOH), have been synthesised and characterised by single-crystal XRD, 45Sc NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations, with the crystal structure of SCTH reported here for the first time. From 45Sc NMR measurements under static and MAS conditions, both chemical shift and quadrupolar coupling parameters have been determined. The quadrupolar coupling constants χ for the octahedrally coordinated scandium sites in SCTH are 2.0 ± 0.1 MHz for Sc(1) and 3.81 ± 0.05 MHz for Sc(2). For SCOH, where the hepta-coordination of the single scandium site constitutes a less symmetric electronic environment, 14.68 ± 0.05 MHz was found. DFT calculations for the static SCTH structure consistently overestimate the quadrupolar coupling constants, indicating the possible presence of crystal water dynamics on the NMR time scale.
Estado y soberanía en el ciberespacio
Authors: Perafán Del Campo Eduardo Andrés , Polo Alvis Sebastián , Sánchez Acevedo Marco Emilio , Miranda Aguirre Catalina
Published: March 2021

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar la transformación del concepto de soberanía estatal frente a la emergencia del ciberespacio. De esta forma, la ideas que se desarrollarán en este artículo partirán de la reconstrucción de las nociones tradicionales de soberanía estatal, la revisión de los enfoques de actuación estatal en el contexto de la gobernanza global del internet, la conceptualización de las nuevas formas de ejercicio de la soberanía estatal en el ciberespacio y el desarrollo del caso colombiano como ejemplo en materia de ciberseguridad y ciberdefensa.
Transfuguismo político: causal de limitación del derecho a la participación política en República Dominicana
Authors: Caldera Ynfante Jesús E.
Published: March 2021

El presente manuscrito analiza el ordenamiento electoral de República Dominicana, en sintonía con una tendencia común del derecho público de Occidente, que tipifica el Transfuguismo político-electoral o la conducta desleal del Tránsfuga contra las decisiones o postulados del partido político, sancionándolo con la limitación legal de los derechos políticos de toda aquella persona natural que traiciona a sus compañeros de partido, a su partido o las decisiones de sus órganos partidarios, pactando con otras fuerzas políticas, analizando la sustentación de dicha restricción legal en normas convencionales y en decisiones de organismos internacionales de protección de DDHH que, de manera vinculante, por efectos de la cosa interpretada -res interpretata- contenidos en fallos de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (Corte IDH) sobre el derecho a la participación política y la Observación General No.- 25 sobre participación política y el derecho al voto del Comité de DDHH de la ONU, le confieren legitimidad y validez jurídica al impedimento o la inhabilitación que se impone contra quien incurra en conductas de perfidia político-partidista restringiendo el goce de sus derechos políticos pasivos (prohibición de ser nominado a candidato a cargos públicos) como consecuencia de prácticas de Transfuguismo Político-Electoral mediante la aplicación, en el ámbito interno, de la Ley Orgánica de Régimen Electoral (15 de 2019), la Ley de Partidos, Agrupaciones y Movimientos Políticos (33 de 2018) y el Reglamento para la Escogencia de Candidatos mediante Convenciones y Encuestas de 2019 emitido por la Junta Central Electoral.
Delitos sexuales contra niños, niñas y adolescentes frente al populismo mediático y punitivo
Authors: Tirado Acero Misael , Cáceres Tovar Victor Manuel , Velandia Montes Rafael
Published: March 2021

Se evidencia la problemática del abuso sexual con NNA en Colombia, ante las constantes cifras de conductas punibles de tipo sexual en contra de NNA, problemática que se teoriza, y se encuentra relacionada con el modelo de paradigma operante en Colombia el populismo mediático y punitivo, por ultimo a partir de cifras del sistema de justicia y el sistema penitenciario, se recomienda el enfoque de las políticas publicas en los fines de la pena, especialmente la prevención, en contraposición a la creación y aumento de penas.
An investigation on the performance and emission studies on diesel engine by addition of nanoparticles and antioxidants as additives in biodiesel blends
Authors: Reddy Siddavatam Naresh Kumar , Wani Mohmad Marouf
Published: March 2021

The study aims to examine the effects of palm biodiesel blended with additives in the compression ignition (CI) engine. Biodiesel as fuel was limited by challenges such as lower calorific value (CV) and higher viscosity while increasing brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. Nanoparticles and antioxidant additives added to biodiesel play an essential role in avoiding the hindrances of biodiesel. The antioxidants combined with biodiesel reduced NOx emissions by eliminating decomposing peroxides, free radicals, and preventing free radicals' chain reaction. The Significant characteristics of nanoparticles are high CV, high thermal conductivity, and higher surface to volume ratio. These characteristics are used to improve the CI engine's performance and emissions by using nanoparticles blended with biodiesel. Five different test blends of Diesel, B20, B20TO, B20AO, and B20AOTO were prepared. The result showed high brake thermal efficiency (BTHE) and decreased BSFC, exhaust gas temperature (EGT), hydrocarbons (HC), NOx, and HC emissions by using the B20AOTO fuel blend contrasted with other biodiesel blends.
Acute Alcohol Tissue Damage: Protective Properties of Betaine
Authors: Petagine Lucy , Everitt Hannah , Preedy Victor , Sherwood Roy , Patel Vinood
Published: March 2021

Teenage binge drinking is a major health issue; however, there is a paucity of data on liver injury. Herein, we investigated how acute ethanol affects juvenile hepatic cells through changes in oxidative stress, apoptosis, and liver function, as well as the ability of betaine, which can replen-ish the antioxidant glutathione and mitigate oxidative injury. Juvenile male Wistar rats were given either water or betaine (2% w/v) for 6 days and treated with either saline 0.15 mol/L NaCl or ethanol (75 mmol/kg bodyweight). After 24 h, liver enzymes, oxidative damage, apoptosis, and parameters of antioxidant enzyme activity were examined. Acute ethanol increased hepatic enzymes (99%, P < 0.05). Total protein and albumin levels were reduced by 14 and 18% (P < 0.001), respectively, which was prevented by betaine treatment. Cytosolic cytochrome c increased by 59% (P < 0.05), corresponding to a decrease in mitochondrial cytochrome c content, which was ameliorated with betaine. Cytosolic glutathione peroxidase was reduced with alcohol (P < 0.05) and was prevented with betaine. Subtle changes were observed in catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and complex I activity after ethanol treatment. In summary, whilst juvenile animals appear to have higher basal levels of antioxidant enzymes, betaine conferred some protection against alcohol-induced oxidative stress.
“I was born here”: Positioning by Origin and Citizenship in a Conversation between a Collector and a Roma Family in the early 1950s, Sweden
Authors: Hyltén-Cavallius Charlotte , Fernstål Lotta
Published: March 2021

This article examines an audio recording with a Roma family made by the collector Arvid Andersson in Sweden, in the early 1950s. The aim of this article is to unfold this jointly constructed conversation between the collector and the Roma family members. The analysis of the conversation shows a delicate interplay between the Roma family and the interviewer, and we especially stress the agency of the family in the process of negotiating belonging, challenging a discourse about the Roma as a passive group merely subjected to discrimination and stereotyping. The foreignness of the Roma was continuously stressed, while the Roma opposed being positioned as foreigners and tried to clarify that they did belong in Sweden and contributed to society. 
¿Tormenta en un vaso de agua? Hacia nuevas colaboraciones entre los enfoques convencionales de estudios de los procesos de política pública y los enfoques interpretativos de política pública
Authors: P. Durnová Anna , M. Weible Christopher
Published: March 2021

Una “tormenta en un vaso de agua” es una expresión para referirse a un problema al que se le ha dado una dimensión desproporcionada. Precisamente así vemos la supuesta división entre dos tradiciones de investigación: el estudio convencional sobre procesos de política pública y el análisis interpretativo de la política pública. En este texto exploramos ambas tradiciones de investigación, comparando y contrastando sus puntos de vista sobre la definición y los procesos de política pública, usos de teorías y perspectivas de investigación. Nuestro objetivo no es unificar las dos tradiciones o desestimar puntos clave del debate entre ellas. En cambio, proponemos estrategias para desarrollar colaboraciones más productivas, incluyendo la investigación paralela o lado a lado, la investigación integradora, la profundización en discusiones constructivas sobre técnicas de investigación y la investigación aplicada.
Tentativa de femicidio: una encrucijada entre muerte e impunidad
Authors: Aguayo Zurita Estefania Belén
Published: March 2021

En este artículo se reflexiona sobre la pertinencia de abordar la tentativa de femicidio como delito autónomo en Ecuador. Se desarrolla una discusión teórica sobre el femicidio y la tentativa de femicidio, formas extremas de violencia de género, y se analiza el caso de una sobreviviente que no accedió a protección ni justicia por parte del Estado. Se concluye que el femicidio y el intento de femicidio parten de variables sociales relacionadas con esquemas patriarcales de subordinación femenina. Se identifica al Estado como perpetuador y facilitador de la violencia femicida. Además, se considera que la tipificación de la tentativa de femicidio aportaría visibilización al fenómeno y promovería mayor conciencia política y social para la disminución de la violencia de género.