bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interventions for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases among Adolescents Living with HIV: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ndirangu-Mugo Eunice , Shumba Constance Sibongile , Gatiti Peter , Mutwiri Benard Daniel , Abubakar Amina , Teitelman Anne
Published: June 2022

While the uptake of antiretroviral drugs has rapidly expanded among adolescents and adults living with HIV, research evidence suggests that people living with HIV have a higher risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). With more than 35% of the global burden of NCDs stemming from adolescence, there is a need to comprehend the existing evidence on early prevention, detection, and disease management, especially among the at-risk population. In line with the WHO Global Action Plan, 2013–2020 and “Best Buys”, recommendations on practical interventions for NCDs prevention, this systematic review seeks to synthesise evidence on the current interventions for preventing NCDs among adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) and assessing the effectiveness of interventions targeted at preventing cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer among ALHIV. A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The bibliographic database search yielded 2588 articles, though only four (4) studies met the inclusion criteria after screening for eligibility. While sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) suffers the brunt of HIV and NCDs, only one study was conducted in SSA, and three in high-income countries (Brazil and the USA). Physical activity and aerobic exercises (lifestyle interventions) indicated potential beneficial health effects in reducing cardiovascular conditions and improving quality of life among ALHIV. Hospital-based training and a home-based exercise program effectively improved fitness strengths and changes in body composition. Despite the disproportionate global burden of the HIV and NCDs comorbidities, limited adolescent-specific evidence exists on the interventions for the prevention of NCDs among ALHIV. Thus, there is a need for health policy experts and researchers to steer research on interventions focused on the various NCDs among the ALHIV.
Creep Mechanical Properties and Constitutive Model of Hard Brittle Mud Shale
Authors: Fang Xinxin , Feng Hong , Li Fengling , Wang Hao
Published: June 2022

Mud shale is characterized by low strength and strong swelling, with rheological effects and deformation caused by drilling fluid and formation water. Establishing a rheological model to characterize the deformation characteristics is key to solving the problem of wellbore stability. The influence of moisture content on rock strength and creep mechanical properties were studied by means of water absorption, uniaxial compression, and creep tests. The tests showed that with the increase in moisture content, the elastic modulus and strength of hard brittle mud shale decreased. Further, under the same load, the instantaneous strain increased with increasing moisture content. Meanwhile, under various loading stresses, rock creep exhibited non-linear characteristics, which can be divided into three different creep stages: attenuated creep, stable creep, and accelerated creep. Starting with a non-linear viscous dashpot, and then introducing aging degradation and water-bearing weakening effects, based on the water-bearing creep characteristics of hard brittle shale as well as the modeling ideas of the classic component combination model, a new improved creep model based on the Nishihara model was established to describe the characteristics of the accelerated creep stage of hard brittle mud shale with various moisture contents. Subsequently, the Levenberg–Marquardt non-linear, least-squares method was adopted to invert the creep parameters. The results showed that the simulated creep curves achieved by employing the new creep model were consistent with the experimental results, thereby confirming the ability of the new non-linear creep model to provide a theoretical reference for the study of wellbore stability of hard brittle mud shale.
An optimization approach in the development of a new correlation for two-phase heat transfer coefficient of R744 in a microchannel
Authors: Wan Zaidi Wan Muhammad Zaid , Mohd-Yunos Yushazaziah , Mohd-Ghazali Normah , Pamitran Agus Sunjarianto , Oh Jong-Taek
Published: June 2022

To date, no single method has been found to satisfactorily predict the two-phase heat transfer coefficient of R744 refrigerant in small channels. Studies are continuously being done to obtain a coefficient with acceptable mean absolute error (MAE) which measures the difference between the predicted and experimentally determined coefficient values. It is important to have available accurate heat transfer coefficient correlation for the two-phase heat transfer coefficient so that a compact heat exchanger that maximizes device performance while reducing cost and energy needs can be designed. In this study, genetic algorithm (GA) is used as an optimization tool to achieve a more accurate correlation for R744 in a microchannel by minimizing the MAE. Over 536 sets of experimental data from previous studies were utilized, optimizing the six constants appearing in the force convective factor, F, and nucleate boiling suppression factor, S, of the selected superposition correlation. The results showed that the MAE between the newly optimized correlation and selected experimental data at all ranges of vapor quality has been successfully reduced from 38.39 to 34.40%. With more available data, the suggested method can be utilized to achieve a more accurate empirical prediction that matches well with the experimental data.
In the Shadow of the Mill
Authors: Barua Rukmini
Published: June 2022

This book traces the socio–spatial transformation of Ahmedabad's worker neighbourhoods over the course of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries - during which the city witnessed dramatic and disturbing transformations. It follows the multiple histories of Ahmedabad's labour landscapes from the times when the city acquired prominence as an important site of Gandhian political activity and as a key centre of the textile industry, through the decades of industrial collapse and periods of sectarian violence in the recent years. Taking the working-class neighbourhood as a scale of social practice, the question of urban change is examined along two axes of investigation: the transformation of local political configurations and forms of political mediation and the shifts in the social geography of the neighbourhood as reflected in the changing regimes of property.
The effect of modulated driving on non-rotating and rotating turbulent plane Couette flow
Authors: Akhtar M. Wasy , Ostilla-Mónico Rodolfo
Published: June 2022

Direct numerical simulations of turbulent non-rotating and rotating plane Couette flow with a periodically modulated plate velocity are conducted to study the effect of modulated forcing on turbulent shear flows. The time-averaged shear Reynolds number is fixed at

$Re_S = 3 \times 10^4$

, which results in a frictional Reynolds number of approximately

$Re_\tau \approx 400$

. The modulating frequency is varied in the range

$Wo\in (20,200)$

, while the modulating amplitude is kept fixed at

$10\,\%$

of the shear velocity except to demonstrate that varying this parameter has minimal effect. The resulting shear at the plates is found to be independent of the forcing frequency, and equal to the non-modulated baseline. For the non-rotating simulations, two clear flow regions can be seen: a near-wall region that follows Stokes’ theoretical solution, and a bulk region that behaves similar to Stokes’ solutions but with an increased effective viscosity. For high driving frequencies, the amplitude response follows the scaling laws for modulated turbulence of von der Heydt et al. (Phys. Rev. E, vol. 67, 2003, 046308). Cyclonic rotation is not found to modify the system's behaviour in a substantial way, but anti-cyclonic rotation changes significantly the system's response to periodic forcing. We find that the persistent axial inhomogeneities introduced by mild anti-cyclonic rotation make it impossible to measure the propagation of the modulation adequately, while stronger anti-cyclonic rotation creates regions where the modulation travels instantaneously.
Current Issues in Health Technology Assessment of Cancer Therapies: A Survey of Stakeholders and Opinion Leaders in Australia
Authors: Kim Hansoo , Liew Danny , Goodall Stephen
Published: June 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to find ways of bridging the gap in opinions concerning health technology assessment (HTA) in reimbursement submission between manufacturers and payers to avoid access delays for patients of vital medicines such as oncology drugs. This was done by investigating differences and similarities of opinion among key stakeholders in Australia.

Methods

The survey comprised of nine sections: background demographics, general statements on HTA, clinical claim, extrapolations, quality of life, costs and health resource utilization, agreements, decision making, and capability/capacity. Responses to each question were summarized using descriptive statistics and comparisons were made using chi-square statistics.

Results

There were ninety-seven respondents in total, thirty-seven from the public sector (academia/government) and sixty from the private sector (industry/consultancies). Private and public sector respondents had similar views on clinical claims. They were divided when it came to extrapolation of survival data and costs and health resource utilization. However, they generally agreed that rebates are useful, outcomes-based agreements are difficult to implement, managed entry schemes are required when data are limited, and willingness to pay is higher in cancer compared to other therapeutic areas. They also agreed that training mostly takes place through on the job training and that guideline updates were a least favored opportunity for continued training.

Conclusions

Private sector respondents favor methods that reduce the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio when compared to the public sector respondents. There still exist a number of challenges for HTA in oncology and many research opportunities as a result of this study.
Temporal changes in the proportion ofSalmonellaoutbreaks associated with 12 food commodity groups in the United States
Authors: Williams Michael S. , Ebel Eric D.
Published: June 2022

Using data from 20 years ofSalmonellafoodborne outbreaks, this study investigates significant trends in the proportion of outbreaks associated with 12 broad commodity groups. Outbreak counts are demonstrated to have a stronger trend signal than outbreak illness counts. The number of outbreaks with an identified food vehicle increased significantly between 1998 and 2000. This was followed by a 10-year period when the number of outbreaks decreased. The number of outbreaks increased significantly between 2010 and 2014 and then remained unchanged for the remainder of the study period. During the period of 1998 through 2017, the proportion of outbreaks for three commodities groups, consisting of eggs, pork and seeded vegetables, changed significantly. No significant changes were observed in the remaining nine commodity groups. Simple approximations are derived to highlight the effect of dependencies between outbreak proportions and a consumption analysis for meat and poultry is used to enhance the limited interpretability of the changes in these proportions. Given commodity-specific approaches to verifying food safety and promoting pathogen reduction, regulatory agencies benefit from analyses that elucidate illness trends attributable to the products under their jurisdiction. Results from this trend analysis can be used to inform the development and assessment of new pathogen reduction programmes in the United States.
Clifford's Consequentialism
Authors: Zamulinski Brian
Published: June 2022

It is morally negligent or reckless to believe without sufficient evidence. The foregoing proposition follows from a rule that is a modified expression of W. K. Clifford's ethics of belief. Clifford attempted to prove that it is always wrong to believe without sufficient evidence by advancing a doxastic counterpart to an act utilitarian argument. Contrary to various commentators, his argument is neither purely nor primarily epistemic, he is not a non-consequentialist, and he does not use stoicism to make his case. Clifford's conclusion is a universal generalisation that is in a precarious position because of potential counterexamples. But the counterexamples do not preclude a rule against going beyond the available evidence and it is worthwhile making a moral case for such a rule.
Megatsunamis and microbial life on early Mars
Authors: Veysi Hadi
Published: June 2022

It is currently believed that early Mars had a vast and shallow ocean, and microbial life may have formed in it, albeit for a short geological time. The geological evidence indicates that during the existence of this ocean, large collisions occurred on the surface of Mars, which led to the formation of megatsunamis in its palaeo-ocean. Previous research has reported on the effects of tsunami waves on microbial ecosystems in the Earth's oceans. This work indicates that tsunami waves can cause changes in the physico-chemical properties of seawater, as well as tsunami-affected land soils. These factors can certainly affect microbial life. Other researchers have shown that there are large microbial communities of marine prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) in tsunami-induced sediments. These results led us to investigate the impact of tsunami waves on the proposed microbial life in the ancient Martian ocean, and its role in the preservation or non-preservation of Martian microbial life as a fossil signature.
Start even Smaller, and then more Random. Comment on “Start Small, not Random: Why does Justifying your Time-Lag Matter?” by Yannick Griep, Ivana Vranjes, Johannes M. Kraak, Leonie Dudda, & Yingjie Li
Authors: Dormann Christian
Published: June 2022

The focal article by Griep and colleagues raises some highly important issues and it is timely to further advance organizational behavior (OB) and work and organizational psychology (WOP). It comes at the right time because the last two decades can be characterized by two opposing trends. On the one hand, there have been exciting developments in statistical methods to appropriately model time in statistical analyses, while on the other hand, the vast majority of studies have not considered time in analyses, or have not done so appropriately. For the sake of brevity, I use ‘temporal design’ and ‘temporal analysis’ as umbrella terms. As Griep et al. succinctly claim, many opportunities for better temporal designs and temporal analyses have been missed and there is a strong need to do better in the future. In this commentary, I add to some of the important issues raised and call for changes in future research.
Anthropogenic Carbon Increase has Caused Critical Shifts in Aragonite Saturation Across a Sensitive Coastal System
Authors: Jarníková Tereza , Ianson Debby , Allen Susan E. , Shao Andrew E. , Olson Elise M.
Published: June 2022

Estuarine systems host a rich diversity of marine life that is vulnerable to changes in ocean chemistry due to addition of anthropogenic carbon. However, the detection and impact of secular carbon trends in these systems is complicated by heightened natural variability as compared to open‐ocean regimes. We investigate biogeochemical changes between the pre‐industrial (PI) and modern periods using a high‐resolution, three‐dimensional, biophysical model of the Salish Sea, a representative Northeast Pacific coastal system. While the seasonal amplitude of the air‐sea difference in pCO2 has increased on average since pre‐industrial times, the net CO2 source has changed little. Our simulations show that inorganic carbon has increased throughout the model domain by 29–39 mmol m−3 (28–38 µmol kg−1) from the pre‐industrial to present. While this increase is modest in a global context, the region's naturally high inorganic carbon content and the low buffering capacity of the local carbonate system amplify the resultant effects. Notably, this increased carbon drives the estuary toward system‐wide undersaturation of aragonite, negatively impacting shell‐forming organisms. Undersaturation events were rare during the pre‐industrial experiment, with 10%–25% of the domain undersaturated by volume throughout the year, while under present‐day conditions, the majority (55%–75%) of the system experiences corrosive, undersaturated conditions year‐round. These results are extended using recent global coastal observations to show that estuaries throughout the Pacific Rim have already undergone a similar saturation state regime shift.
Massive Groundwater Systems Lie Beneath Antarctic Ice
Authors: Donovan Robin
Published: June 2022

Scientists are updating ice stream models to understand the ways in which deep groundwater systems impact ice flow.
Drawings to explore faculties‘ and students‘ perceptions from different generations cohorts about dental education: A pilot study
Authors: Grazziotin-Soares Renata , Ardenghi Diego Machado
Published: June 2022

Introduction/Aims

We aimed at using drawings as a form of data collection to give voice to older and younger generations in regards to educational practices in undergraduate dentistry.

Materials and methods

First year dental students (younger generations) and faculty members (older generations) produced drawings depicting their perceptions of the current dental education learning environment. Qualitative analysis was conducted independently by two researchers using the drawings to produce codes, categories and themes.

Results

15 drawings were produced: 9/34 (26.4%) made by students and 6/20 (30%) made by faculty members. The generated themes indicated that students and faculties found that dental education is going through a challenging time, because of the restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic; and that they were aware about the evident division between basic/preclinical and applied/clinical courses. Faculties showed hopeful signs that the situation may get better. Students‘ drawings evoked the following topics: digital connectedness, diversity, time goes by, and future aspirations in Dentistry.

Discussion

This study reinforced the validity of visual methods as an approach in research and showed different graphical features (features that might be intentionally or unintentionally represented in the drawings) that gave voice to participants. These voices could have been invisible in more traditional qualitative approaches, such as interviews or questionnaires.

Conclusions

Although the two groups of participants came from different generation cohorts, they had aligned perceptions regarding challenges in dental education, and mentioned the separation between preclinic and clinic. Drawings were unique, innovative, and an interesting tool to express perceptions regarding today’s learning environment. These insights can consequently help educators to personalize teaching approaches to better meet the needs of the students.
Clinical genomic profiling in the management of patients with soft tissue and bone sarcoma
Authors: Gounder Mrinal M. , Agaram Narasimhan P. , Trabucco Sally E. , Robinson Victoria , Ferraro Richard A. , Millis Sherri Z. , Krishnan Anita , Lee Jessica , Attia Steven , Abida Wassim , Drilon Alexander , Chi Ping , Angelo Sandra P. D’ , Dickson Mark A. , Keohan Mary Lou , Kelly Ciara M. , Agulnik Mark , Chawla Sant P. , Choy Edwin , Chugh Rashmi , Meyer Christian F. , Myer Parvathi A. , Moore Jessica L. , Okimoto Ross A. , Pollock Raphael E. , Ravi Vinod , Singh Arun S. , Somaiah Neeta , Wagner Andrew J. , Healey John H. , Frampton Garrett M. , Venstrom Jeffrey M. , Ross Jeffrey S. , Ladanyi Marc , Singer Samuel , Brennan Murray F. , Schwartz Gary K. , Lazar Alexander J. , Thomas David M. , Maki Robert G. , Tap William D. , Ali Siraj M. , Jin Dexter X.
Published: June 2022

There are more than 70 distinct sarcomas, and this diversity complicates the development of precision-based therapeutics for these cancers. Prospective comprehensive genomic profiling could overcome this challenge by providing insight into sarcomas’ molecular drivers. Through targeted panel sequencing of 7494 sarcomas representing 44 histologies, we identify highly recurrent and type-specific alterations that aid in diagnosis and treatment decisions. Sequencing could lead to refinement or reassignment of 10.5% of diagnoses. Nearly one-third of patients (31.7%) harbor potentially actionable alterations, including a significant proportion (2.6%) with kinase gene rearrangements; 3.9% have a tumor mutational burden ≥10 mut/Mb. We describe low frequencies of microsatellite instability (<0.3%) and a high degree of genome-wide loss of heterozygosity (15%) across sarcomas, which are not readily explained by homologous recombination deficiency (observed in 2.5% of cases). In a clinically annotated subset of 118 patients, we validate actionable genetic events as therapeutic targets. Collectively, our findings reveal the genetic landscape of human sarcomas, which may inform future development of therapeutics and improve clinical outcomes for patients with these rare cancers.
Genetic subtypes of smoldering multiple myeloma are associated with distinct pathogenic phenotypes and clinical outcomes
Authors: Bustoros Mark , Anand Shankara , Sklavenitis-Pistofidis Romanos , Redd Robert , Boyle Eileen M. , Zhitomirsky Benny , Dunford Andrew J. , Tai Yu-Tzu , Chavda Selina J. , Boehner Cody , Neuse Carl Jannes , Rahmat Mahshid , Dutta Ankit , Casneuf Tineke , Verona Raluca , Kastritis Efstathis , Trippa Lorenzo , Stewart Chip , Walker Brian A. , Davies Faith E. , Dimopoulos Meletios-Athanasios , Bergsagel P. Leif , Yong Kwee , Morgan Gareth J. , Aguet François , Getz Gad , Ghobrial Irene M.
Published: June 2022

Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is a precursor condition of multiple myeloma (MM) with significant heterogeneity in disease progression. Existing clinical models of progression risk do not fully capture this heterogeneity. Here we integrate 42 genetic alterations from 214 SMM patients using unsupervised binary matrix factorization (BMF) clustering and identify six distinct genetic subtypes. These subtypes are differentially associated with established MM-related RNA signatures, oncogenic and immune transcriptional profiles, and evolving clinical biomarkers. Three genetic subtypes are associated with increased risk of progression to active MM in both the primary and validation cohorts, indicating they can be used to better predict high and low-risk patients within the currently used clinical risk stratification models.
Effect of the grain arrangements on the thermal stability of polycrystalline nickel-rich lithium-based battery cathodes
Authors: Hou Dong , Xu Zhengrui , Yang Zhijie , Kuai Chunguang , Du Zhijia , Sun Cheng-Jun , Ren Yang , Liu Jue , Xiao Xianghui , Lin Feng
Published: June 2022

One of the most challenging aspects of developing high-energy lithium-based batteries is the structural and (electro)chemical stability of Ni-rich active cathode materials at thermally-abused and prolonged cell cycling conditions. Here, we report in situ physicochemical characterizations to improve the fundamental understanding of the degradation mechanism of charged polycrystalline Ni-rich cathodes at elevated temperatures (e.g., ≥ 40 °C). Using multiple microscopy, scattering, thermal, and electrochemical probes, we decouple the major contributors for the thermal instability from intertwined factors. Our research work demonstrates that the grain microstructures play an essential role in the thermal stability of polycrystalline lithium-based positive battery electrodes. We also show that the oxygen release, a crucial process during battery thermal runaway, can be regulated by engineering grain arrangements. Furthermore, the grain arrangements can also modulate the macroscopic crystallographic transformation pattern and oxygen diffusion length in layered oxide cathode materials.
Structural basis of rapid actin dynamics in the evolutionarily divergent Leishmania parasite
Authors: Kotila Tommi , Wioland Hugo , Selvaraj Muniyandi , Kogan Konstantin , Antenucci Lina , Jégou Antoine , Huiskonen Juha T. , Romet-Lemonne Guillaume , Lappalainen Pekka
Published: June 2022

Actin polymerization generates forces for cellular processes throughout the eukaryotic kingdom, but our understanding of the ‘ancient’ actin turnover machineries is limited. We show that, despite > 1 billion years of evolution, pathogenicLeishmania majorparasite and mammalian actins share the same overall fold and co-polymerize with each other. Interestingly,Leishmaniaharbors a simple actin-regulatory machinery that lacks cofilin ‘cofactors’, which accelerate filament disassembly in higher eukaryotes. By applying single-filament biochemistry we discovered that, compared to mammalian proteins,Leishmaniaactin filaments depolymerize more rapidly from both ends, and are severed > 100-fold more efficiently by cofilin. Our high-resolution cryo-EM structures ofLeishmaniaADP-, ADP-Pi- and cofilin-actin filaments identify specific features at actin subunit interfaces and cofilin-actin interactions that explain the unusually rapid dynamics of parasite actin filaments. Our findings reveal how divergent parasites achieve rapid actin dynamics using a remarkably simple set of actin-binding proteins, and elucidate evolution of the actin cytoskeleton.
Disease modeling by efficient genome editing using a near PAM-less base editor in vivo
Authors: Rosello Marion , Serafini Malo , Mignani Luca , Finazzi Dario , Giovannangeli Carine , Mione Marina C. , Concordet Jean-Paul , Del Bene Filippo
Published: June 2022

Base Editors are emerging as an innovative technology to introduce point mutations in complex genomes. So far, the requirement of an NGG Protospacer Adjacent Motif (PAM) at a suitable position often limits the base editing possibility to model human pathological mutations in animals. Here we show that, using the CBE4max-SpRY variant recognizing nearly all PAM sequences, we could introduce point mutations for the first time in an animal model with high efficiency, thus drastically increasing the base editing possibilities. With this near PAM-less base editor we could simultaneously mutate several genes and we developed a co-selection method to identify the most edited embryos based on a simple visual screening. Finally, we apply our method to create a zebrafish model for melanoma predisposition based on the simultaneous base editing of multiple genes. Altogether, our results considerably expand the Base Editor application to introduce human disease-causing mutations in zebrafish.
Complete biosynthetic pathway to the antidiabetic drug acarbose
Authors: Tsunoda Takeshi , Samadi Arash , Burade Sachin , Mahmud Taifo
Published: June 2022

Acarbose is a bacterial-derived α-glucosidase inhibitor clinically used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes. As type 2 diabetes is on the rise worldwide, the market demand for acarbose has also increased. Despite its significant therapeutic importance, how it is made in nature is not completely understood. Here, we report the complete biosynthetic pathway to acarbose and its structural components, GDP-valienol and O-4-amino-(4,6-dideoxy-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1→4)-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-D-glucopyranose. GDP-valienol is derived from valienol 7-phosphate, catalyzed by three cyclitol modifying enzymes, whereas O-4-amino-(4,6-dideoxy-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1→4)-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-D-glucopyranose is produced from dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-glucose and maltose by the glycosyltransferase AcbI. The final assembly process is catalyzed by a pseudoglycosyltransferase enzyme, AcbS, which is a homologue of AcbI but catalyzes the formation of a non-glycosidic C-N bond. This study clarifies all previously unknown steps in acarbose biosynthesis and establishes a complete pathway to this high value pharmaceutical.
The source of the Black Death in fourteenth-century central Eurasia
Authors: Spyrou Maria A. , Musralina Lyazzat , Gnecchi Ruscone Guido A. , Kocher Arthur , Borbone Pier-Giorgio , Khartanovich Valeri I. , Buzhilova Alexandra , Djansugurova Leyla , Bos Kirsten I. , Kühnert Denise , Haak Wolfgang , Slavin Philip , Krause Johannes
Published: June 2022

The origin of the medieval Black Death pandemic (ad 1346–1353) has been a topic of continuous investigation because of the pandemic’s extensive demographic impact and long-lasting consequences1,2. Until now, the most debated archaeological evidence potentially associated with the pandemic’s initiation derives from cemeteries located near Lake Issyk-Kul of modern-day Kyrgyzstan1,3–9. These sites are thought to have housed victims of a fourteenth-century epidemic as tombstone inscriptions directly dated to 1338–1339 state ‘pestilence’ as the cause of death for the buried individuals9. Here we report ancient DNA data from seven individuals exhumed from two of these cemeteries, Kara-Djigach and Burana. Our synthesis of archaeological, historical and ancient genomic data shows a clear involvement of the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis in this epidemic event. Two reconstructed ancient Y. pestis genomes represent a single strain and are identified as the most recent common ancestor of a major diversification commonly associated with the pandemic’s emergence, here dated to the first half of the fourteenth century. Comparisons with present-day diversity from Y. pestis reservoirs in the extended Tian Shan region support a local emergence of the recovered ancient strain. Through multiple lines of evidence, our data support an early fourteenth-century source of the second plague pandemic in central Eurasia.
Monthly spatial dynamics of the Bay of Biscay hake-sole-Norway lobster fishery: an ISIS-Fish database
Authors: Vigier Audric , Bertignac Michel , Mahévas Stéphanie
Published: June 2022

We propose a database to describe the Bay of Biscay mixed demersal European fishery over the period 2010–2020 for the ISIS-Fish simulation tool. It was built upon national and European fishing databases, scientific survey datasets, models estimates, literature, and the formulation of assumptions. It accounts explicitly for spatial and seasonal processes, and for mixed fisheries phenomenons. This database encompasses population dynamics for 3 stocks, hake, sole and Norway lobster, exploitation dynamics for numerous fleets and métiers, and the description of current fishing management, as well as fishers adaptation. A calibration procedure was designed to ensure consistency between all these diverse and heterogeneous parameters compiled and estimated in the ISIS-Fish database and to ensure the model reproduces closely historical catch patterns. This database is a starting point towards operational simulations, of use for understanding the functioning of the fishery, the assessment of management strategies, or delivering short and long-term scenarios. It can be used to reproduce historical catch patterns, with room for improvement on some inter-annual and spatial dynamics.
A dataset of diversity and distribution of rodents and shrews in China
Authors: Chen Jin-Jin , Xu Qiang , Wang Tao , Meng Fan-Fei , Li Zhi-Wei , Fang Li-Qun , Liu Wei
Published: June 2022

The rodents and shrews are important reservoirs for a large number of zoonotic pathogens. Here by performing a literature review, we determined the occurrence and distribution of rodents and shrews in China at three scales including province, city, and county levels. The peer-reviewed papers published in English and Chinese were collected, standard procedures were applied in reference books, field surveys and websites to remove duplicates, and information on recorded locations of rodents and shrews was extracted. The dataset contains 13,911 records of geo-referenced occurrences for 364 rodents and shrews distributed over 1,663 locations distinguished. As pathogens continue to emerge from rodents and shrews, this dataset could assist efforts to put preliminary bounds around a variety of spatial analyses of rodents and shrews, facilitate a better understanding of the transmission risk of the pathogens they carry, and be helpful for assessing the risk of future emergence of rodent-borne zoonoses.
Biological traits of marine benthic invertebrates in Northwest Europe
Authors: Clare David S. , Bolam Stefan G. , McIlwaine Paul S. O. , Garcia Clement , Murray Joanna M. , Eggleton Jacqueline D.
Published: June 2022

Biological traits analysis (BTA) provides insight into causes and consequences of biodiversity change that cannot be achieved using traditional taxonomic approaches. However, acquiring information on biological traits (i.e., the behavioural, morphological, and reproductive characteristics of taxa) can be extremely time-consuming, especially for large community datasets, thus hindering the successful application of BTA. Here, we present information on ten key biological traits for over a thousand marine benthic invertebrate taxa surveyed in Northwest Europe (mainly the UK shelf). Scores of 0 to 3 are provided to indicate our confidence that taxa exhibit each possible mode of trait expression. The information was acquired over a decade through an extensive appraisal of relevant sources, including peer-reviewed papers, books, online material and, where necessary, professional judgement. These data may be inspected, used, and augmented by fellow researchers, thus assisting in the wider application of BTA in marine benthic ecology.
In toto light sheet fluorescence microscopy live imaging datasets of Ceratitis capitata embryonic development
Authors: Strobl Frederic , Schetelig Marc F. , Stelzer Ernst H. K.
Published: June 2022

The Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata, is an important model organism in biology and agricultural research with high economic relevance. However, information about its embryonic development is still sparse. We share nine long-term live imaging datasets acquired with light sheet fluorescence microscopy (484.5 h total recording time, 373 995 images, 256 Gb) with the scientific community. Six datasets show the embryonic development in toto for about 60 hours at 30 minutes intervals along four directions in three spatial dimensions, covering approximately 97% of the entire embryonic development period. Three datasets focus on germ cell formation and head involution. All imaged embryos hatched morphologically intact. Based on these data, we suggest a two-level staging system that functions as a morphogenetic framework for upcoming studies on medfly. Our data supports research on wild-type or aberrant morphogenesis, quantitative analyses, comparative approaches to insect development as well as studies related to pest control. Further, they can be used to test advanced image processing approaches or to train machine learning algorithms and/or neuronal networks.
HOPS-R01 phase II trial evaluating neoadjuvant S-1 therapy for resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Nakamura Toru , Hayashi Tsuyoshi , Kimura Yasutoshi , Kawakami Hiroshi , Takahashi Kuniyuki , Ishiwatari Hirotoshi , Goto Takuma , Motoya Masayo , Yamakita Keisuke , Sakuhara Yusuke , Ono Michihiro , Tanaka Eiichi , Omi Makoto , Murakawa Katsuhiko , Iida Tomoya , Sakurai Tamaki , Haba Shin , Abiko Takehiro , Ito Yoichi M. , Maguchi Hiroyuki , Hirano Satoshi ,   Hokkaido Pancreatic Cancer Study Group (HOPS), Nakamura Toru , Hayashi Tsuyoshi , Kimura Yasutoshi , Kawakami Hiroshi , Takahashi Kuniyuki , Ishiwatari Hirotoshi , Goto Takuma , Motoya Masayo , Yamakita Keisuke , Sakuhara Yusuke , Ono Michihiro , Tanaka Eiichi , Omi Makoto , Murakawa Katsuhiko , Iida Tomoya , Sakurai Tamaki , Haba Shin , Abiko Takehiro , Ito Yoichi M. , Maguchi Hiroyuki , Hirano Satoshi , Sasajima Junpei , Kitano Yohei , Yanagawa Nobuyuki , Matsumoto Kakuya , Tanno Satoshi , Imamura Masafumi , Shitani Masahiro , Takahashi Minoru , Miyakawa Hiroyuki , Nakamura Fumitaka , Ambo Yoshiyasu , Kamachi Hirofumi , Taketomi Akinobu
Published: June 2022

Although neoadjuvant therapy (Nac) is recommended for high-risk resectable pancreatic cancer (R-PDAC), evidence regarding specific regimes is scarce. This report aimed to investigate the efficacy of S-1 Nac for R-PDAC. In a multicenter phase II trial, we investigated the efficacy of Nac S-1 (an oral fluoropyrimidine agent containing tegafur, gimeracil, and oteracil potassium) in R-PDAC patients. The protocol involved two cycles of preoperative S-1 chemotherapy, followed by surgery, and four cycles of postoperative S-1 chemotherapy. Two-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were the primary endpoint. Overall survival (OS) rates and median survival time (MST) were secondary endpoints. Forty-nine patients were eligible, and 31 patients underwent resection following Nac, as per protocol (31/49; 63.3%). Per-protocol analysis included data from 31 patients, yielding the 2-year PFS rate of 58.1%, and 2-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates of 96.8%, 54.8%, and 44.0%, respectively. MST was 49.2 months. Intention-to-treat analysis involved 49 patients, yielding the 2-year PFS rate of 40.8%, and the 2-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates of 87.8%, 46.9%, and 33.9%, respectively. MST was 35.5 months. S-1 single regimen might be an option for Nac in R-PDAC; however, the high drop-out rate (36.7%) was a limitation of this study.
Urine metabolomics links dysregulation of the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway to inflammation and severity of COVID-19
Authors: Dewulf Joseph P. , Martin Manon , Marie Sandrine , Oguz Fabie , Belkhir Leila , De Greef Julien , Yombi Jean Cyr , Wittebole Xavier , Laterre Pierre-François , Jadoul Michel , Gatto Laurent , Bommer Guido T. , Morelle Johann
Published: June 2022

SARS-CoV-2 causes major disturbances in serum metabolite levels, associated with severity of the immune response. Despite the numerous advantages of urine for biomarker discovery, the potential association between urine metabolites and disease severity has not been investigated in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In a proof-of-concept study, we performed quantitative urine metabolomics in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and controls using LC–MS/MS. We assessed whether metabolites alterations were associated with COVID-19, disease severity, and inflammation. The study included 56 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 (26 non-critical and 30 critical disease); 16 healthy controls; and 3 controls with proximal tubule dysfunction unrelated to SARS-CoV-2. Metabolomic profiling revealed a major urinary increase of tryptophan metabolites kynurenine (P < 0.001), 3-hydroxykynurenine (P < 0.001) and 3-hydroxyanthranilate (P < 0.001) in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Urine levels of kynurenines were associated with disease severity and systemic inflammation (kynurenine, r 0.43, P = 0.001; 3-hydroxykynurenine, r 0.44, P < 0.001). Increased urinary levels of neutral amino acids and imino acid proline were also common in COVID-19, suggesting specific transport defects. Urine metabolomics identified major alterations in the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway, consistent with changes in host metabolism during SARS-CoV-2 infection. The association between increased urinary levels of kynurenines, inflammation and COVID-19 severity supports further evaluation of these easily available biomarkers.
The seismic reflection Moho across the mid-Norwegian continental rifted margin
Authors: Peron-Pinvidic Gwenn
Published: June 2022

The Moho – defined as the boundary that separates the Earth’s crust from the underlying upper mantle at depths of about 5 to 7 km beneath the oceans and 30 to 40 km below continents – has been difficult to pin down with observations. Different methods have yield a variety of results, suggesting that this simple definition may be misleading. Here, we present high-resolution and deep penetrating seismic reflection data that image the whole margin basement of the mid-Norwegian rift system, including the lower basement, Moho and upper mantle, from the proximal to the outer margin domains. We propose a determination of the seismic reflection Moho in this modern rifted margin context and describe its structural heterogeneity along the margin. Finally, the seismic facies, reflectivity, geometries and structural details of the seismic reflection Moho are described and discussed in terms of tectonic deformation pattern.
Intelligent wearable allows out-of-the-lab tracking of developing motor abilities in infants
Authors: Airaksinen Manu , Gallen Anastasia , Kivi Anna , Vijayakrishnan Pavithra , Häyrinen Taru , Ilén Elina , Räsänen Okko , Haataja Leena M. , Vanhatalo Sampsa
Published: June 2022

Background

Early neurodevelopmental care needs better, effective and objective solutions for assessing infants’ motor abilities. Novel wearable technology opens possibilities for characterizing spontaneous movement behavior. This work seeks to construct and validate a generalizable, scalable, and effective method to measure infants’ spontaneous motor abilities across all motor milestones from lying supine to fluent walking.

Methods

A multi-sensor infant wearable was constructed, and 59 infants (age 5–19 months) were recorded during their spontaneous play. A novel gross motor description scheme was used for human visual classification of postures and movements at a second-level time resolution. A deep learning -based classifier was then trained to mimic human annotations, and aggregated recording-level outputs were used to provide posture- and movement-specific developmental trajectories, which enabled more holistic assessments of motor maturity.

Results

Recordings were technically successful in all infants, and the algorithmic analysis showed human-equivalent-level accuracy in quantifying the observed postures and movements. The aggregated recordings were used to train an algorithm for predicting a novel neurodevelopmental measure, Baba Infant Motor Score (BIMS). This index estimates maturity of infants’ motor abilities, and it correlates very strongly (Pearson’s r = 0.89, p < 1e-20) to the chronological age of the infant.

Conclusions

The results show that out-of-hospital assessment of infants’ motor ability is possible using a multi-sensor wearable. The algorithmic analysis provides metrics of motility that are transparent, objective, intuitively interpretable, and they link strongly to infants’ age. Such a solution could be automated and scaled to a global extent, holding promise for functional benchmarking in individualized patient care or early intervention trials.
Fluorescent cyclophanes and their applications
Authors: Roy Indranil , David Arthur H. G. , Das Partha Jyoti , Pe David J. , Stoddart J. Fraser
Published: June 2022

In this Review, we feature the recent developments in the chemistry of fluorescent cyclophanes, along with their design and synthesis. Their host–guest chemistry and applications related to their structure and properties are also highlighted.
Construction and application of base-stable MOFs: a critical review
Authors: Wang Kecheng , Li Yaping , Xie Lin-Hua , Li Xiangyu , Li Jian-Rong
Published: June 2022

This review focuses on the construction and the application of base-stable MOFs.
Dilution and photooxidation driven processes explain the evolution of organic aerosol in wildfire plumes
Authors: Akherati Ali , He Yicong , Garofalo Lauren A. , Hodshire Anna L. , Farmer Delphine K. , Kreidenweis Sonia M. , Permar Wade , Hu Lu , Fischer Emily V. , Jen Coty N. , Goldstein Allen H. , Levin Ezra J. T. , DeMott Paul J. , Campos Teresa L. , Flocke Frank , Reeves John M. , Toohey Darin W. , Pierce Jeffrey R. , Jathar Shantanu H.
Published: June 2022

Wildfires are a source of primary aerosols and precursors for secondary aerosols to the atmosphere. In this work, we discover that the evolution of these aerosols depends strongly on the coupled effects of dilution, photooxidation, and partitioning.
Smartphone clip-on instrument and microfluidic processor for rapid sample-to-answer detection of Zika virus in whole blood using spatial RT-LAMP
Authors: Jankelow Aaron M. , Lee Hankeun , Wang Weijing , Hoang Trung-Hieu , Bacon Amanda , Sun Fu , Chae Seol , Kindratenko Victoria , Koprowski Katherine , Stavins Robert A. , Ceriani Dylann D. , Engelder Zachary W. , King William P. , Do Minh N. , Bashir Rashid , Valera Enrique , Cunningham Brian T.
Published: June 2022

Rapid, simple, inexpensive, accurate and sensitive point-of-care (POC) detection of viral pathogens in bodily fluids is a vital component of controlling the spread of infectious diseases.
Recent advances in visible-light-mediated functionalization of olefins and alkynes using copper catalysts
Authors: Ramani Arti , Desai Bhargav , Dholakiya Bharatkumar Z. , Naveen Togati
Published: June 2022

Olefins and akynes are synthetically important building blocks in modern organic synthesis. This review highlights the recent developments in the direct functionalization of olefins and alkynes via photoinduced copper-based catalysis.
Magnetic nature and hyperfine interactions of transition metal atoms adsorbed on ultrathin insulating films: a challenge for DFT
Authors: Tosoni Sergio , Pacchioni Gianfranco
Published: June 2022

The magnetic ground state and hyperfine coupling parameters of first-row transition metal atoms adsorbed on metal-supported MgO ultrathin films are calculated using DFT. The methodological challenges and the role of the support are highlighted.
Bimolecular reactions of CH2CN2+ with Ar, N2 and CO: reactivity and dynamics
Authors: Armenta Butt Sam , Price Stephen D.
Published: June 2022

Reactions between CH2CN2+ and Ar, N2 and CO involve competition between collision-induced dissociation, proton transfer and electron transfer. The experiments reveal that CH2CN2+ explores several geometries, a conclusion supported by calculations.
ALS-associated A315E and A315pT variants exhibit distinct mechanisms in inducing irreversible aggregation of TDP-43312–317 peptides
Authors: Liu Xianshi , Lao Zenghui , Li Xuhua , Dong Xuewei , Wei Guanghong
Published: June 2022

ALS-associated A315E and A315pT variants induce irreversible aggregation of TDP-43312–317 by decreasing peptide fluidity and increasing intermolecular interactions via different mechanisms.
A laboratory study on the uptake of gaseous molecular iodine by clay minerals at different relative humidities
Authors: Kutsuna Shuzo , Kaneyasu Naoki
Published: June 2022

Laboratory experiments on the uptake of I2 by clay minerals support separate estimates of radioiodine dry deposition processes before and after sunrise when I2 is released at night.
Droplet energy harvesting panel
Authors: Xu Xiaote , Li Pengyu , Ding Yongtao , Xu Wanghuai , Liu Shiyuan , Zhang Zhuomin , Wang Zuankai , Yang Zhengbao
Published: June 2022

High-performance and fully transparent droplet energy harvesting panels for hybrid rain-solar energy harvesting and self-powered forest monitoring.
Performance optimization strategies of halide perovskite-based mechanical energy harvesters
Authors: Jiang Feng , Lee Pooi See
Published: June 2022

In this review, we present the state-of-art progress in halide perovskite-based PENG and TENG devices, focusing on their different performance optimization strategies and prospective applications in the future.
Unraveling the potential of pesticide-tolerant Pseudomonas sp. augmenting biological and physiological attributes of Vigna radiata (L.) under pesticide stress
Authors: Al-Enazi Nouf M. , AlTami Mona S. , Alhomaidi Eman
Published: June 2022

In the agricultural domain, chemical pesticides are repetitively and harshly used to kill harmful pests, but they often pose a serious threat to microbial diversity, soil fertility and agricultural output.
Hydrogen production via reaction of metals with supercritical water
Authors: Trowell Keena , Blanchet Jocelyn , Goroshin Sam , Frost David , Bergthorson Jeffrey
Published: June 2022

Several metals are reacted with supercritical water to produce hydrogen. Aluminum, aluminum alloys, and magnesium are found to be the most reactive. The solubility of the metal's oxide appears to be linked to the reactivity of the metal.